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HeHTY IIOBCeMeCTHO 3aBepmHJIHCh IIO!pameHHJDfJI. BT0tpaH IIOJIOBIIHa CTOJieTHH
aaqHHaJiaCb TopmecTBOM ·peaKIJ,HH.
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HIOH.LCKB!X paocTpeJroB ·B Ilapnme, pa3rpo.Ma BeHcRoro BOCCTaIDIH, T.pare.;t:HH
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me 6y,n;ym;e,ro, H Ha EBJpony Ha)])BnraeTCH ,n;o::rra-H H01Ih. <<:Iln-chlla c Toro 6epe
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lùiaccoBa.H rripHpoµ;a HacTyIIHBmeii pea:K:a;HH ÔbIJia nePe�a
50-x roJJ;OB
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peaKD;HOHHO-oypmyaaHoro 6oHanapnICTCn0fO 1peaunrn, B AnrJIHH fOCIIO)];CTBO
B8Jia (pplITpe,n;epcKaH npoMhlillJI8HHaH 6ypmya3HH, �OBepirnrnaH rocyAapCTBe'H
Hoe pyKOBOJJ;CTBO cIQpHToMy IJ)e-3.KI::t;Hoaeipy IlaJihMetp-cr-0Hy, B Ilpyc-cHH 3ROH01MH
qecRaH H IIOJIHTH1I0CKaH BJiaCT:h co.xipaHHJiaCb aa IOHRepcTBOM; B ABcTpHHCKOH
HMII0pHH BH-OBI> BOOPOAH·BIBHHCH à6COJIIOTH3M fa6côy,proiB rHyJI B 6apaH11Ü por
UQpaôom;eH'Hhle HapoAH H qHHBJI mecTo:nyro ïpaclllPaBy Ha,u. yu;eJieBmHMH y11a
cTHHKaMH «MHTema 1848 ro):(a»; B Poccn:iîc1w:ü: IIMIIe,pIIH - ,u.-0- :K1pLIMCKoii BOH
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HaH KOHTJ)p8BOJ1.IOIJ;IUI H -peaKIJ,llH 6h!JIH HanpaBJieHbl 1B n�pByIO 011epe,r:i;b npOTHB
paooqero 'KJiaœa H "llPY,Il;HDJ;HXCH 1Maoc BOOOIIJ,e.
Peami;11H Bhipa?RaJiach npe.m;::i;e B-cero B mecTonoM no.,1nn;e:ü:cRoM Teppope,
CBllipeIIC''IIBOBaBme'M Ha BCeM eBpœ:reii:CROM :K:OHTI!IH8HTe OT CeHhI ,Il;O HeBH H OT
ill�ee AO Tm5tpa. IloBC10;n;y paccTpe.JinBaJin, 1npecJiep;oBaJIH, T!paBnJIH yqacTu
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Ka.am, xeHepaJIOB BenrepcKoro roHBe,r:i;a •B II.M11IepJI1I falfo6 y,pro:s, cBn:penaH pac
u� Ha)( neTpameBIJ,aMH B P,occnH, uoJIHn;e:iîc.1mH orrnRa ·MaHTefupeJIH II Ue,n;.
JI1n1,a •B II•py�cHH, HaCHJIHH aBCTpH:ÜC1\"'HX JI q>paHIJ,Y3CnHX omrynaHTOB B JioM9
6ap,rµn1, BeHen.HaHCKOÜ o6JiaCTH H PHM8 - BCe 9TO 6oIJIH HBJI8HHH O)];HOI'O R
Tül'O me nopap;Ka. Pa3HhIMH crroco6aMII roCIIOACTBYIOIIÇIIe -1m,acchr CTp0MHJœCli
HCIWpeHIITb <<1peBOJIIOI1;IIOHHYIO Kpa,MûJIY>> 1848 -rop;a.
,O:ame 15 JI,er c1rry-cr1JI, B 1863 r., ·o6oaipeBaH 1MLICJieHHo iBpe.MH, npome,n;mee
c rropameHHH peBOJIIOD;IIII, repn.eH onpep;eJIHJI ero TaK: << •••PeBOJIIOIJ;HH, no6.0.TaH
aa 'BCex T,oqKax, ycTyrraJia Bce 'IIp:0:o6ipeTeHHoe c 1789 ••• CBeT, BXO�HBmH:ë: na
EBpOIIlhl B TpetqIIHbl Hameii ûCTPOiRHOH CTHHhl, CTaJI MepR'HyTI,, Tpy�o 6LIJIO
1!TO-'H'H'6y,n;b pa3JI1HUITb; Ha 3ana-�e 'O�H'R T0MBhl0 o6JiaKa ,IreCJJllœb, TOJIIŒJIR
,n.pyr ,IJJpyra, M8HHJIH CJiyqaÎÎHbie 01IepTaHHH, orym;aJIHCb, o6em;aH rpoay li paa
:perna.HCb oceHHHM )];OIB;l;e:\i ff ,CJIHKOTblO>) l.
Ho rep:qeH ornII6arrcH, ocrpora paao1Iapanaallii TomrnJia ero Ha npeyBeJIH11:eH'llH. RaR Hlll 1CHJihHa 6bIJia pea1m;HH, OHa He MorJia IIOOOpHyTb XOJ( -H,CT0pwi
BCIIHTb. <<Bce 11ipno6peTeHHOe C 1789>> H8Jlb3H 6LIJIO 'BhPI0pKHYTb - OHO 6LIJIO
H8H-CRopeHllMO. rJiy6HHHhie 8ROHOMlflI,eCKHe H con;HaJibHhle rrpou;ecchl B EBpo
"\I MHJpe IDJIH, B OCH'OB'HOM, uo TOMY me HarrpaB-
ne, k.MepHKe, BO BCeM {>cTaJihHO..
JI0HHIO 6ypmya8HO-�eMO�paTI:I1leCKOl'O paa:wrmut. HeJib3H 6LIJIO HO 'BTopoft no
JIOBHHe XIX croJienuI J}.ame rruTaTbCH noBropRTb pecTaBpau;:e:10 H «CBHm;eHHLiii
COI08>>. M He TOJlhKO IIOTOMY, 1IT'O rocy)];apCTBa, H'BJIHIBWH0CH OIIJI0TOM eBporreii:
CKOH peain�HH - r�apc1rn.a PoccnH HnKoJiaH I, 6 oHa:rraipTHCTCRaH <I>pau�HH Ha
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B Oifü}CToqeIIHYIO Boii,ay �rnm;::i;y co6on, HO rJiaBHhlM o6paaoM IIOTOMy, "ITO 11l!)O
JI0TapHaT, Ka8aJIOCh, COBepmeHHO OOKpyme'll'HblH Ill rrooeipmeHHhlH B nipax
B 1848-1849 ro)];ax, BHüBh pacnpaBJUIJI IIJieiqH n BCTyJiaJI B 6op:o6y.
BeJIIIBIIe mopu;hI HaYlJIHoro 'RO'MMYHH3Ma - MapRc H
Koueo;pe�
8are,11bc, cyMe.JnI 'Bepnee H rJiyome CB-OHX COB,pei.'1eH
n uaqaJio
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peB0.11IO�OHHOrO
CH II3�f8'HeHHH ;B paccTaHOBKe o6�0C.TB8HHO-Il0JIHTHA]IB3ŒHBJI
1IOCRIIX CH.'I. MapKC 11 9HTeJibC cqHTaJIH, lJ:TO rJiaBHOÜ
3ap;a-qeii IIOCJie rmpameHJIH 1848-1849 rr. HBJl'.8eTCH COOBJPaHlle peBOJIIOiliUOH
HhIX CHJI H rro,u;rororurn 'HX K Ilp0,;:J;CTOHID;HM HOB:blM KJiaCC'OBhlM 6oH'M. ÛHlH CBH31JlBaJIIH H'OBhlH IIO)];'b0M peBOJIIOilillOHH'Ol'O p;im:m8'll'HH C ,oq·ep�·HnIM 3KOHO'MlJ1Ie
CR'lfM Rpll81ICOM, KOTOphlÜ Teope·1WI1J0CKll rrpe]l;BH,IJ;eJIH.
B 1857-1858 ro,n;ax HOBblii MHpOBûÎÎ aKOHOMH1lecK'Hii RIPH3Hc Haccyil'HJI.
IlpaBAa, OH He IIOBJieR 3a co6oft peoo.1110rµroHHLIX COOLITH:Ü raKoro MacmTa6a,
Ha 'ROTOJ)hlH ·Ha,r:i;eHJIHCh MapKC 11 9HreJibC, 110 BC8 me CTaJI B lf3B0CTHOM CMhlC
JI8 'IIHpeJIOMHOH Bexoii II B cou;aaJibHO-IIOJIHTIPIOCKOÜ HCTOPHH IIHTIIJ(OOHThlX
ro,n;oB 2•
I10,n;1>eM aa6aCTOB01IHOrO RSH?H0HHH paool!HX B ARrJIHll, CIDA, BeJI.brmI,
J}OCT mnpOKODO ,o6�e-CTB8HHOI'O HeJ(OBOJihCTBa 0KOHOMll1IecKBM KpH3HCOM BO
1 D;RH, B repMaHCKHX, HTaJibHHCKHX rocy,n;apcm3ax - R 'l)TOlfY OB0JIHCI, 111PH
<I>paH
Mhle COTI;HaJih'Hhle UOCJI8�CTBHH RPII3HCa 1857-1858 · IT. II!I)o6ymA0'H·H0 aKTJrn
HOCTH Maoc, Bbl3Bamrne ry6nT8JibHhlM BJIHHHHeM Kpll3Hca, OOBIIaJIO BO Bp0'MeHll
c o6m;ecTBeHHb1Mll ABllilŒ'HHHMll, rropom,n;e:aHHMH 6onee rJiy6mœMH n ,IJ;Jill
T0JlhHhlMll rr:pnlIHHaMII H c:ompaBIII'lfM.II 160:iee KpynHyIO püJib B MIIpOBOÜ
HCTotpHll.
ID11poK-Oe BOCCTa•HHe HHAHHCKODO Hapo,n;a UpüTHB KOJl'OHHaJI.bHOI'O rn-era ArH
rJIHll - BOC·CTaHHe cnuaeB 1857 ro,n;a, ,rrporpeMeBmHË: Ha BCIO EDpony BhICTJ)eJI
cppaHRO-HTaJIO
HarroJieoHa III,
u;eJIIIBmero B 1n1rrepaTopa
O pcnHH,
aooTJ)HÜŒaH B-OHHa 1859 r., BCKOJihlXHYBID3H illH'J)Oiœe o6m;OOTBeH'JIYe CJIOJI B
HTaJibHHCKllX li repMaHcKITX lflocy�aipcrBax, HOOhl'BaJihrli em;e no paaMaxy
IIO,lJ;'b0M KpeCTbHHCKIIX BhlCTYil:.teHIIH .B PoccHll, IIpllBBWIIII.H K OCTp0MY con;n
aJibH(WY Kpuancy n 6bICTPO:\IY c:nJia):];hIBaHHIO 1B 1859-1860-x ro�ax pe:soJII01
1 A. II. l'e p n; es. Coll., T. 8, CTp. 45-46.
2 0 r m e s s o n. La g rande crise mondiale de 1857. Paris, 1938; JI. A. M e B .zt e II 1,
c OB. TeopmI li HCTOPIUI 8KOH0MH1IeCKIIX Rp11'311COB 11 �BKJIOB, T. 1. M., 1959, CTp. 501-592.
10
�HOHHOH CHTya�HH 1B C'I'paiHe, OOBOOOW:IT0JlbHaH 60.p1>6a pa6oB-HerpoB li BOC.
CTaHHe J];moHa BpayHa B Coe�HeHHLIX IIITaTax AMepmrn: (IJIP0�BecTHHKB
upmJIH>Ra-Bmeiics rpoaHoii rpa>R,n;a.HcKo:ë: ·BOHHhl) , aaqaJio peBOJIIOD;HOHHO-aaro
BopJJ:\'1111ectroii oopLOLI cf>eHHeB aa Ha�·HOHaJILHOO OCIJ3000m.n;eHIIe MpJiaH� TaKOB KpaT.KHii nepe11eHL BruKHeiimHx co:n;HaJILHhIX H ilIOJIHTD,1llOOKHX :,r:i;&HiIŒHHH
ROHa;a 50-x ro.l(oB.
KoH01IHO, 11-0 CBOHM HCTOpH•1IOOKRM MaCmTa6aM H 31HaqeHHIO MHOrHe 113 3TRX
eo6LITJrii cym;ecTB0HHO pa3J111"11aJIHCL, H ca.YH 3TH BhICTYIIJieHHH OCT31B8JIIICL JIO
KaJIH80BaH-H.bl.MH, He CBH3aHHLDIH �pyr C -�pyroM. Ho B'MOOTe C TeM '3TH oon;H
aJihHhle BaJ)LIBLI OOJILmoro na.npIDRBH.lUI Ha rrpOTHmeHRH Kqp<>TKOI'O cpoKa pea
KO liaHOOIHJ:IH BCIO MHPOBYJO 1IOJIHTH1IecKyIO anrocq>epy.
MapKc B caMOM 1J1aqaJI•e 1860 ro,r:i;a nucaJI 8HreJILcy: <<Ilo ·M-oooty MHeHHIO,
ca'MLie BeJIHiœe COOLITHH B MHpe B HaCTOHm;ee BpeM.H - aro, C OA'HOH CTOpOHld,
aKepimaHcKoe �umeH:ae pa6oB, •Ha1Ia1Bmeec.H co c:MepT:u: {,[(mona] Bpayna,
C Apyroü CTQpOHLI - ,ll;BH>ReJIHe paooB B PoccHH... TaK OTKpbIJIOCb (<COIJ;liaJib
HOO �muR�HHe& 11a 3ana,n;e ·H HocTOKe. B.'1:ecTe c IIJpep;cTOHI:n;H-M down-break
{KpaxOtM] iB n;eHTpaJILHo:ë: EBIJ)One aro 6y,r:i;er rpan,n;noaiHo>> 3•
B lf.eHTpaJILH'O:Ü: EBpone Kpaxa He rrpommro."Io. Ho o6m;aH xapaKTepHCTHRa
T0H,IJ;0HD;H111 HCTOplPlecKoro pa3BHTHH H, B 'llaCTHOCTH, OI(0HKa 3Ha'l!0liHH co
a;:aaJILHhIX ,n;B:ameHHÜ B PoccHH H AMepuirn ObIJIH p;aHbI MapRCOM c uopa3H
TeJI�Hoii npoaopJIHBOCTl>IO.
HaapeBaBIIIlHii :B Pocclt'H peBOJIIOD;HOHHLI:ë: B3pbIB 6LIJI rrpe,:a;OTBpam;eH :a;ap
cICKM npa�HT0JlbCTBOM, BLI•Hym;i;eHHLIM crremRO OTKphlTL OT,n;yrrnmy: 3 MapTa
(19 cf>eBpaJis) 1861 -r. 6hlJio onœHeHo Kpenoc-rnoe rrpa,Bo. Ho OTMeHa RpenocT
aoro n-pana, eonpooom,n;anmaHCH -orpa6JieHne:M KpecThHHC-vBa, He JIHKBH,IJ;H:p088.Jia, a JIHmI> BHJt;OmJMeHHJia paaBHTHe co:a;:0:aJihHhlX rrpoTHBopeq11:ë: œ PoccHH.
BLIC'l1J)LI:Ü: pocT xanHTaJI•HCTiltJ:ecKHX OTHOlli8HHH B C'!1PaHe, coxpaH.lIBmeii n;ap
eKOe caMo,n;epmaBHe H RpeJroCTHU1IOCKHe rrepeïKHTKH, ;r::t:OJimeH OhlJI npKB0CTH
K e�e 60Jiblli0MY HaKaJiy RJiaCOOBhIX rrpOTff.BO,perqnii: 4• RaR noRa3aJI IlOCJie,r:i;y10rrvrii XO,IJ; HCTOpHH, fP0q>OpMa 1861 r. He npep;OTBpaTHJia, a JIHllib OTCpo'l!HJia c o4naJibHhlH B3phl,B rpo;Ma;r::t:HOÜ CHJILI B P.occHH.
C aa11aJia 1861 r. ;paaropeJiach 1rrpe.n;c1maaHHaH MapRCOM rpam,r:i;ancKaH 'BOÜ
Ha Mem,n;y ceœepHLIMH H IOiH'Hhl.MH rrrraraMH B AMe.prurn. Ee aHa"lleHHe )l;JIH no
cJie.izy10�HX cy,n;e6 Coeµ,1meHHhlX IIITaTOB o6m;enaBecTHo. ·IIponpeccnBHhlii xa
paxTep 6opL6LI ceBepHH rrpoTHB pa60BJia!p;eJI1>:a;.e-B-IOiHRH 61>1JI B TY rropy O"IeBH
�&H AJlH Bcex JIIO,n;eii nepe)J;OBOH IMhlCJIH Il ORal3bIBaJI OOJiblliOe peBOJIIOD;HOHH3H
pyro�ee B03,IJ;e:Ü:CTIBH0 ,n;aJieKO 3a 111pe;a;eJiaMH aMepHRaHCRoro KOHTHH8HTa.
Maipie nucaJI, II' TO «aMepHiKaHelmH .rpam,n;aHcRaH BoiîHa B XIX CTOJieTHH HBH
JiaC.b uaoaTHLIM KOJIOKOJIOM ,IJ;JIH eB-poneËCROI'O 1pa6o'llero KJia-cca».
B 1859-1860 ro,r:i;ax, KaK yme rBQPHJIOCb, OTpH,D;bI rapiroaJIL):l;H�eB :a
«-DB.'tJ:1DIOTT1n - uaipraaaH cBoeü oTBaron yBJieKJIH aa co6oü mnpoKHe Hapop;
a1,1,e ·MaCChI, llOAJIHB-ID·HecH na 6opi.6y 3a na:a;HoHaJihHOO o6'be)J;·HH0HHe HTaJIHH.
B Mapre 1861 r. 61,1JI0 rrpoBOOrJiame'Ho o6paaoBaHne B03rJiaBJIHeMoro caBoii
CRo:ii ,IJ;HHaCTHeii HTaJILHHCKOI'O KopoJieBCTBa, OO'b0):l;HHHBIIIero 66.rrblliYIO qacTI>
uTaJibHHCKHX 3eM-eJib. Ep;HHCTBO MTaJIIIII }fBHJIOCb B ROH8'1IHOM C'1I8Te peayJII>
TaT.O.M ca:MOOTBepmeHHOÜ 6oplfihl HaJPO�HbIX 'MaCC, IIOOO�bI H8!p0,U,HOÎÎ petBOJIIO
D;ll-H 'IIe3aBHC!HMO 0T TOTO, qro l!IJIO,IJ;aMH aToiî 6opb6hI BOCIIOJib30BaJIHCb 6ypmya3HH Il JIJI6epaJib'H00 ,i'J,lBOpHHCT,BO, c.oxpaHIIBmHe MOHapxHIO.
s K. M a p K c 11 <I>. :J H r e JI 1, c. Co'll., T. XXII. Ile:ci.Mo OT 11 HHB-apH i860 r.,
CTJ). 474.
4 «OrMeHa Kp0lllOC'IHOro npaBa. ,l{OR.îa,J;LI MHHHC'l'poB BHyrpeHHHX .ii;eJI O IIpone-.ii;eRHB
Kpecn.HBCKoi pecf>op,Mi.u. M.- JI., 1950; A. C K p e 6 Ho; K H Ë:. RpecTLHH_CKoe ;l\eJio B o;ap
cTBOBaHBe HMIIepaTopa AJieKcau)JJ)a II, T. 1-IV. Boaa-aa-Pe11He, 1862-1868;
n. A. 3 ai OH -ci RO B C K D ii. ÛTMeHa Kpe-IIOCTHOro rrpana B Pocce:e:. M., 1954; 0 r O me.
O,pone�eHHe B ,KH3HL KpeCTMIHCKOÏÎ: peq>OpMhl 1861 !l'. M., 1958.
tt
31meJihc B .HHBape 1861 r. oupe,::t;eJIH;J HaCTYIIHBmee BpeM-.a, 1mK <<anoxy •.•
MOr�eCTB0HHhIX ;l];BH'iiŒHIIÏI» 5. ,UByM.H ,ro,:i;.a-MH Il03,tW, 1B q>eBpaJie 1863 r. ll
CB.H31I C 1H'a-11aJIOM l]OJih<CKOro BOCCTaHIUI, MapEc BhlCKa3aJIC.H em;e 60Jl'0'0 orrpe
A€.JI0HHO: <<HcHo o;::i;Ho: • B Esp-oTie on.HTh ·6oJiee •HJIH MeHee fairly opened the era
of revolution {rnHpo1w OT I{phIJiach apa pe1BOJIIO�Ë:]. H o6m;ee rrOJiomeHHe ;neJI
xopornee>> 6• B OTJilPIJie OT 50-x l'Ofl:OB, ROTOphle 6LIJ.UI B 6oJibIDeii CBOeii 'tJaCTH
roµ;aMH peaR�Hll, 60-e fO)J;hI HBllJIHCh <<apoii 1()0BOJIIOD;HH>). lleM me 6hIJIB o6yc
JIOBJieHhl 3TH H3M0HeHH.H II lŒJWe peaJibHOe co,:i;epma•Hlrn MorJia BIM0Tb aTa HO
BaH <<s1pa peBoJI10:r:i;11iî>>?
1. PA3BllTIIE KAIIIITAJHI3MA B 50-60-x ro�AX XIX BEKA
B 50-60-x
ro,;::i;ax IIJ}OM:hlID.:I€HHhlli 1ŒIIHTaJIH3M, J{a'Il.IITaJIH3M CB060AJIOH
ROHKypem::i;nH, 'AOCTHr CBoero HallBhlCIIIero pac�eTa. To 61>IJIO Bpe:M.H c11p0MB
T€JihHhlX H 6ypHbIX ycmexoB rrpOMhIIIIJieJIIHoro nepeBotpoTa, M0HHBUI0I'O li IJIIP0o6pa3
• 0BI,IBaœrnero IHa rJiaaax CO'BpffirnHHBROB T0XIDIRY, 3ROHO:MHRY, oon;na.rrh
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p,eBCJtpoT, Ha1IaBIIIHCh paHee Bcero ( em;e B XVIII cToJieTinI) B AHrJIHB. R 50 60-M ro�aM XIX B. 6hl.rr 3;::i;ec1:, y.me aaBepmeH. ÜH o;n;eipm.HBaJI TaRme
pemarom;ne no6ep;hI B crpanax 3ana;:t;Hoii n QeHTpaJihHü:Ü EBporrhl: <l>pHaIJ;lIB,
BeJihrHH, I'oJI:.raH;::orn, Ilpyccnn II ,n;pyrHx re-pMaHcK11x rrocy]];apcTBax, B neRo
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MbIIDJI0HHhiii neipeBOpüT yme Blll�OH3M0HHJI 3ROHOlllIKY CeBepo-AMepHlŒHCKOH
pecuy6JIHJGI n: Ranaµ,hI, OH npomrn�n1Ba.:1 ce6e ,):J;opory 1B P.occnH.
IloH.HTHO, lJTO B Kam,::i;oii CTpane ipa3BHTH€ IIipO:MhlillJIBHHOH. peBO.:.IIOD;HII ·CO
BeprnaJI'OCb CO CBOlf.MiH oco6eHHOCTH::\III H OTJIHTIHHMH, Hepe,u;Ro iB0ChMa cym;ecT
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1I YHH11ITOiR0HH•eM ,n;epeBHH, ROTotphlii MapKC upoanaJIH3HpoBaJI Ha rrpiurnpe
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II )J;OBOJihHO 3HaTIHTeJibHbie C;IOH ropop;CRon lŒJIKOR 6ypmya311H coxpaHHJIHCb
R03J];0. Ho IIOBCIO)zy, BO BC€1X crpaHax IIpü:MhlfflJI0HHaH peBOJIIOD;H.H 03Ha1IaJia
nooe,n;y }laIII·HHHOfO IllPOH3BO;:l;CTBa Ha,n; pyq:Hhl·M TPYJJ;OM, 6hlC'J1P08 pa3iBHTH€
,D;BYX OCHOBHhlX aHTaroHHCTIPieCRHX KJiaCCOB - 6ypmya3B'H B u.poJierapHaTa,
H, r]];e 6hlCTpee, r�e l1€,J;JI8HHee, BhIT€CH€HHe h"J}YilHhlM upoH3BO)J;CTIBOM ;M0JIRO!I'O
np-OH3BO]:(CT'Ba.
50-60-e •ro,n;i.1 XIX B. 6n1Jin Bpe:MeooM ca.MhIX BhICOKHX TerMlIOB pocTa npo
MhlillJŒHHoro npOH3BO,:J;C'DBa, Ha h"l()Topoe 6hlJI cnoco6eH R8illHTaJIH3:M. JJ:001,rqa
yrJI.H, iBhlIIJiaBKa CTaJin, Bü3.p0C.:IH aa 3TH 20 JieT B r:ra,BHhlX CTJ)aHax KRilllTaJIH
CTH'1IOOK'OTO ipa3BHTH.H rrpinlepHO 'B l'IPH paaa. 3roT no.pa3JITeJibHl>IÜ pûCT np,o
MhlillJI€'IIHOH IIPOAYRD;HH CTa.J: B03MomeH Ha OCHOBe OM0JlhIX .H. 'IIJIO}J;OTBOpHI,IX
H3o6peTeHHll lI HOBOBB8):i;em1ii: B T•eXHHKe UpüH.3'BO,I(C'!ma. B "llaCT'H'OCTH, HMeHHO
B aro �aA"r:i;aTHJieT:ae B Be,n;yrn;eii orpacJUl IIB):(YCTpHH - !MeTa.ITJiyprHH, OhlJIH
IIpH1MeHeHbI HOBhl0 - 6ecce::\IepOBCKHH H i:Mapre.uoociœ:ii - CIIOCOOhl, 3HaTIH
TeJibBO y,c,KopHBmne rr yBe.nr1111BIIIHe npoH3BO;:J;C'Im'O craJIH. B npoMhlmJieBHO
nepe.n;-0BhIX CT1paHax 60JibillJIX ym1ex-0B l];OCTHTJIO B 3TH l'O,D;hl Ta:Km.e MaillHHO
CTp00HH0 - npOH3B'O,J;CTBO .?IIaillH<H M.aIIUIHaMiH, HBJI.HIOIIl;BOC•.H OOHOBOH �ynHo
I'O IIpüH3'BO,rJ;-CTBa. B 3TO ,J;Ba�u;anr:rnnrn npo,J;OJIJRaJilI 6blcTpo pa3BHBaTI»C.H If
pa3JIHl!Hhle OTpa.c:in ;ierROH rrpoMbilli:I8HHOCTH - TeKCTHJibHaH, ROiRe!B0HHaH,
5 <I>. 8Hre.1bc - n. Map1œy ï HHBapH 1861 r. lt Ma pK C H <I>. 3 Br e ;i 1, C. Co11.,
T. XXIII, CTI). 2.
6 K Mapi.c - <I>. 8Hre.11,cy 13 cpeBp a.1H 1863 r. K. Ma p Re H <I>. 3 H r e, .:F 1, c.
Co11., T. XXIII, c-rp. 134.
7 K M a p K <'.• RanHTaJt; R. M a pK c 11 <I>. a H r e JI h c. Coll., T. 23; H. Ma pK c u
<I>. 8 H r e .'I 1, c. 06 AHr:nrn:. M., 1952.
f2
�'8B8.H r}I � IH•HLIX. RoJilflœCTB0-HHhlii pocT li.X rrpo,ri;yKqmI 6hIJI BeCbMa 3Ha1ŒTeJ.œH. Ü�KO H·MeHHO ;e 50-60-e rO.IJ;hI JierKaa npOMhllliJieHHOCTb, paHee
OhlCTpO rpa-3BHBa-BmaaoH H HBJIJtBmaHCH, TaK CRa3a:TI>, CT3:pIIllHM .n;•eTHm;eM Karm:
TaJl118Ma, AOJI»œa 6HJia llOT0ClliKTbCH H YCTYIIlITb nepBeHCTBYIOJI\00 Mecro TH
meooi IIDl)zyCTpRH 8•
3T.JI orpo.M'1Ihl0 ycnexH THmeno:à D!pOMhllllJieHHOCTll Il, B ,qacT.HOCTH, MeTaJI
nyprHH 6LIJIH T0CHciiIIUfM o6pa30'M CBJl3aHLI ( HBJUIHCb Il npH11lRHOH, H C.Jie•):(CT
BIIe.M) C rpaHAJ103HLIM, He6L1BaJILI.M em;e paHee CTpOllT0Jlh-CTBOM H pa3BHTII0M
men:eauo,u;opo:mHoro TpancnopTa. 06 3TOM M'OmHo -cy,D;HTb no cJI�IOm;H·M �Hq>
pa•M: B 1840 T. IBCH MHpOBaH ceTb meJie3Hhl:X ,;a;opor c.oc·TaBJIHJia BC€.f0 Jlllillb
OK01IO 9 THC. KM. qepe3 10 JieT, B 1850 r., T. e. B HatiaJie paceMa·TpHBaeMoro
IlefPBOAa, OHa paBIUIJiaCb np1nrnpao 40 ThlC. R'M. ,ll;Ba.n;n,aTb JieT cnycTH,
K 1870 r., o6�aa npOT.HHtffilllOCTb meJie3HhIX ,ri;opor )];OCTHTJia yme 210 ThlC. iKM t
T. e. B03pocJia B IIHTb C JIHIIlHH'M pa.a 9•
Bp_e.MH ,ll;HJIHOKaHC'OB H llO'ITOBhIX KapeT, .BOCIIeTbIX BaJII.3aKOM H .il:HRKeH
,CIOM, yxo�o B npomJioe. HapOB03hl 'H CTaJIImhle peJib'Chl i:rpeo;::i;oJieBa.J1!0: 6ec
Kpa:Ü:HHe paœTOHHIIH. YBeJIH'IHBaJiacb CKOpüCTb napoB030B, OHa ,IJ;OCTHrJia 3040 KM B qac, "iTO WUI roro BpeMeHH RaaaJIOCb MOJIHHe-HOCHhIM. IloJiyq:HBlliHË
C 50-x .ro;::i;on m.apo1we npaKTlJlIOCiroe DlI)lI•MeHeHIIe :3JI0KTpOMarIUITHbIH TeJie
rpaq> 3a H0CKOJihRO tMH-HYT coo6m;aJI H3 ,u;aJibHIIX KOHIJ;OB Mnpa B0CTH, nepe�aqa
KoropLix ue�aBHO TJ)OOOBa.l(a Ynornx u0p;eJih. Ilop;Bo,rvi1>1e TeJierpaqrnhrn Ka6e
JIH, JiermHe Ha WJO OKeaHO'B, C00)];HHHJIH IIH'Tb tiacreii C-BeTa. B 1864 r. 6hIJIH
DipOJio:meHhl nepBhl0 JIH'HBH JIOH,D;OHCKOro 'Merp-onO.'IHTeHa; OH 6bIJI em;e Kpaii.He
DIJ)llMHTHBH:Ll'M ::e: H000BepmenHhIM, HO '3TO 6bI.::I mar 1B Ôy,!\ym;ee. Ha oReaBcR,HX
npocTopax TJDReJILie, C rpe6HliLM IBHHTOM, IlOC11POeHHbie lI3 meJieaa napoxü,ll;hl
CTaJI:o: OOI'OHHTb M0JIKH0 ,u;e-peBHHHhie napycHhle cy,n;a - BCe '8TH JierKO�hl
Jihle 6ipHrn, KopBeTLI, cp.peraThl, em;e ae�aBao 1rnaaBmneca caMl>IMH 6hlcTtpo
xoAJ1LIMH.
3a·Me1IaTeJibHhle ycnexH B ;pa31BiHTlfII TpaHC.IIOpTa II C.BH3ll llIDfeHHJIH reorpa
(J>HIO MHpa, c�pa)];hl.BaJUI paccTOH·HHH, ycraaaB.::IHBa.::IH MHOfOCTQPOHHHe (pOpMhl
00Ill;0HHH II ·B3aHMOOBH3eii Mem;::i;y eaMbIMII or;:i;aJieHHhIMH ,n;pyr OT ,n;pyra qa
CTH'MlI CBeTa.
PaaBHTne œHyT'peHHeiî ·n B oco6eHHOCTH BHHmBeü TüproBJIH marnyJio Bne
pe� CeMHMHJII>HLIMH maraMH. B AHnrnn, aanpw3rnp, o6m;aa cyMMa IIMnopra
H aKCIIQPTa ')];OCTHrJia ·K 1863 r. Ol'pOMHO:Ü Il)iHppbI - OR10JIO 444 M.;JH. <py'HTOB
CTepJIRHl'OB, qro, no OB.H,D;eTeJibCTBY RaHD,Jiepa KaaaarqeiicTBa fJia1JJ;CTOHa, B TPH
ipa.aa npeBhIIDaJIO C)"MMY T(t)l'OBhlX o6opüTOB 1848 ,r. 8To 3HR1I'llJIO, lJTIQ BHe·m
HHH TOtJ>rOBJHI AnrJIHH BhlpocJia B TPII paaa ncero aa 15 JieT. M AHrJIHH He 6IJJia
ll<CAKJIIO'tJeH.HeM! <l>paun,HH, XOTH li ycrynaJia 3HR1IH'TeJihHO 'B a6ooJJIOTHhlX u;n:<J>
pax AHrJIHH, y.semrrmJia aa p;Ba.n;u;arnmnne 50-60-x ro;rr;oB pa3MepLI cBoe'Ü
BHem.Heü TOproBJI·H TaIDRe np1nrnpHo iB TPII paaa. MaJioHaoeJieHHaa HopBerHH
BKe:IIOPTHIPOBaJia JIOO rr phl6y iB neuipe-pLIBHo •Bœpacra10m;nx paaMepax, a aop
BemclOle TOp!'OBble cy�a nepeB03HJl'll qymne TOBapbI IIO BCeM BOp;HhlM nyTHM
CTaporo H Hoooro CBeTa 10• Ill;yIIaJI1>o;u KannTaJia ,npoHHRaJin BO BCe yromrn:
Mnpa. B Kpyroo60tpoT M'IIPOBo:ü: TOpl'OBJIH •BTHHYJIHCn caMnie or;:t;aJieHHLie qacn1
cneTa: ABc'I1J)aJIHH H TacMa:HRH, Jla TIIHoaMe:pHKaHcKIIe ctpaa1>1, KHTaii H .Hno
HHH, MH;::i;:o:H H IJ;eiiJioH, crpaHhl Ope,A"Hero Il BJ inmHeiro BocTo:Ka.
8 H. G i b li n s. Economie and industrial progress of the century. London, 1'903;
L. c� A. K n o w le s . Economie development in nineteenth century... London, H¾:7;
J. Ku c z y n s k i. Weltproduktion und Welthandel in den letzten 100 Jahren. Berlin,
1952.
9 «Mwpom,œ aKOHOMK1IecKHe KJ)H'3H-Cbl ... >>, no.a; pe�. E. C. Bapra, T. 1. M., 1937;
Sturm e r. Geschichte der Eisenbahnen. Blomberg, 1872; H. P e yr e t. Histoire des
chemins de fer en France et dans le monde. Paris, 1949.
lO J. KU C Z y Il S k Ï. Op. cit.
13
H.MeHHO R 50-60-M I'0AaM XIX CJieAyeT OTHecu1
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pa13,rr;eJieH1u1 11py;;::i,a 11 . Ca.Mo ,c0
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12 I t M a pK C. Riamua:i:, T. 1, r;i. 23. &eo6�HH OOROH R.aIIBT8JIBCTH1I0CKOI'O H6.Irol1;JeHHH.
13 «IfanHTaJI>) R. Mapi<ca B CBOeiî IWHKpeTHO:Ü: 11acTH IlOCT poen B SB8'1JHT8JII:,BOi Yepe
ua aH.rmIÜcKnx )laHH:blx ; cM. TaRme R. M a pK c D <I>. 8 H r e JI i. c. 06 Anrnu:u. M., 1951.
14 <I>. 3 H r e JI 1, c. AH,rmrn D 1845 :e: 1885 rop;ax. K. Ma pK c e: <1>. 8 H r e JI 1:, c. Cc11 .•
T. XVI, q, 1, CTp. 196.
14
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CTBe, npoMhlIIIJIOOHOCTB, TpanooopTe, roproB:ie - •nea;n;e ro;n; OT ro;n;a 'Bce CHJib
aee "IJYBCTBOBaJiaCI, BoopacTaIOIIJ,aH BJiaCTI, HlPYITHOro KalllITaJia, BC0CHJJH0
p;ener, Mo�eeTBo 6ora TCTBa 20•
Mono,n;aH aaoKeaacimH pecmy6JIHKa - Coe;n;naeHHLie
cmA
illTaTM AMepHKH,- )J;OJiroe BpeMH naxo;n;unmaHCH B
9KOHOMH1I0CKOÜ aaBHCHMOCTB OT AHrJIHH II <l>ipami;n:a, BO BTOpoË: IIOJIOBBH0
XIX eTOJI8THH eTaJia HaBepcTLIBaTb yrry�eHaoe, H R RoHn;y 60-x roAoB 110
15
H. A. E p O ip e e B. Û11erKII BeTop:e::e: A.Hr:nrn: 1832-rnt7. M., 1959; J. N. C 1 a p
ha m. An economic history o Modern Britain, vol. 2. Cambridge. 100'2; Commerce and
industry... ( 181'5-19ii4). Ed. by W. Page. London, 1919. Tables and Statistics, London,
1919; W. O. He n d e r s o n. Britain and industrial Europe, 1750-1830. Liverpool, 1954;
L. N. Je n k s. The migration of British capital to 1875. London, 1938; L. C. A. K n o w1 e s. The industrial and commercial revolution in Great Britain during the nineteentb
cP.ntury. London, 193'3.
16 (1). B. Il O T 8,M K H H. R BOIIp<>eY O IIOJIO)IŒHIIH p,a5o"'Iero KJiaooa BO <I>piaH�HH B
nocJie�HHD llepHO'A' II1pOM:LillIJI0HHOro nepeoopOTa. B KB.: «Ifa HC'IOpirn coqnam,HO-IIOJIH
TH1!0,C,KHX �eiit. M., 1956, eTI). 570-600; 3. A. iK e JI y 6 o B c-K a H. RpymeHHe Bropoi
HMrrepHR H Rosn:e:KHoBeaue Tperi,eii pecnyomnrn BO <!>pann;1rn. M., 1955; G. Du v e a u.
La vie ouvrière en France sous le Second Empire. Paris, 1946. Ilo,n;p-06aee 06 8TOM
CM. rJI. TI Raerom:o;e'f'O H81namu1.
17• M. B l o e k. Statistique de la France comparée avec les divers pays de l'Europe,
t. 2, 2 éd. Paris, 1875.
18 ]];JIJI <I> paH�R eTaTHCTH'IJOOKHe 'AaRHI.Ie CJiegyeT 6paTb sa 1800 r., T. K. B CJie,n;y10-
m,eM, 1870 ro;zy BO:imia. MHOI'Oe H3MeHH:La.
19 Annuaire statistique. Statistique générale de la France, vol. 33, 1913. Paris, 1914.
Résumé rétrospectif.
20
M. L é v y. lHistoire économique et sociale de la France depuis 1848. fasc. 1-2
Paris, 1052.
15
,P.fll�y OT1pac.rrie:rr upon3BO;J;üTBa 06orna.11a <Dpa1m::i;uro, a B AaJI.bH-eiim1eiM - IM AH
rJTHIO, ,ocnapIIBaJI rnepnoe }IeCTo.
BhI-cTpoe pa3BHTI1e ,1rnn1rra.rr1rnMa B n pOMhIDIJieHHOCTII ceBep HhlX DITaTOB
fi B ceJI1>c:n.oM X03Hiic1 1Be 3ana,ri;a c,n;epanrnaJEOC1, HaJIH1IHeM pa6aBJia,n;eJib'!ec1wii
uJiaHTan;n:·oHHoii cncTe,1n.1 lOra. B CIIIA ne 6hlJIO <f>e-<>AaJIH3Ma B eBponeücROM
CMbICJie IŒK rroMie-xu Ha nyn1x RaIIIITaJIHCTH'l0CRoro pa8BHT1UI. Ho ero 8aMe
HHJIO 1paÔOBJiaÀeHHe, HBJUIBIIIeeca TaIWH me nperpaAOH ,l(JIH :KaII11TaJIR8Ma.
r,pa.m,n;aHcirnH BO:iiHa B CllIA 1861-1865 ro,l(OB 6bIJia ocoôoii g>opMo:ë: 6y,pmy
a'3'HO-A0.M
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Ma 6bIJia CJIO.MJieHa. Tenepb HHtJ'TO ne c;a;epmIIBaJio ero CTp0MHT0JI1,HOl'O pa.a
BIITIIH. Y.me BO BTOpoü 'IIO:.IOBIHHe 60-x TO;J;OB aMepn:RafllCIŒ:ii KaUHTaJIH8M, ClJO
DO,D;HO II 6ecnpenJITCTBeHHO fP33BH<Ba.HCh Ha pac:qIIm;eHHOH rroqBe, II0Ka3aJI Ta
RH1e BhICOKIIe TffMIIhl pocTa npo �IJ;lIH, RaRHX He ' 8HaJIO RaIIHTaJIHCTlflleeKoe
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HhlH H .RpaiiHe MyqlI'TeJihB:hIH A�H 60JihlliHHCTBa KpecTMfH nyr1, rrepepacTaHHH
<<R,penOCTHiflI0CTBa B Ra6a;iy II B Ra'IIHT8JIHCTHtiec'KYJO IOK<�IlJiya-TaD;HIO Ha '3,eM
JIHX q)OOAaJIOB-IlO'MeIIJ;HROB-IOHRepoB>> 22• Bnaro]];ap H BbIOOKHM n;eHaM, CTOHB
illHM B Te !10.W,I Ha aep Ro H �pyrne 00JibCKOX08HHCTB0HHhl0 'l'OBapw, '6Jia•ro,n;apa
f
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CTI,H B 1mmrTaJIHCTHtieORYIO .i:aTmp yH.r:(HIO, «<pa�RKY aepna H MHCa>>, oanatiaJIO
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BaJIO HX
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CHJllOH B 00Ill;OCTBHHHO-IIO.T.UI"I'JI"CI€C.ROM CTpOe repM-aHCKHX rocy-Aapc'l'B.
H1eMei1;RaH 6ypmya:nnr, rreperp%1rnma.a: B 1848-1849 ro,l(ax, OT.Ka.3aJiac&
OT IIOJilITlPIOCRllX nplITH3aHHH <H .IIepeHeC.'Ia CBOI() aKTRBHOCTL B cq>epy J1!Pe;u;
IIp H'IIHMaTeJibCTBa. IlpOMhlIDJieHHhIH II(WeBopoT, HatIB.BmRHCH B repMaHHH
MH-Oro no3me, lJe:M: B AHrJIIIH n <Dipanu;n11, coBeipmaJICH ym:e 'Ha �ocraToqao
BbICOB'.0M ypoBHe 1pa3BHTH.H TeXHHRII. 3To �aBaJio, 0CT0CTBeHHO, HeMeIJ;RHM npo·
MhlIDJieHHIIKaM HeMaJibie npeHMy m;ecTBa. EbICTpbIMll Te:Mna,MR pa3BHBaJiac1,
THmeJiaH DlPOMbimJieHH'OCTh. Bhl\pRCTaJUI KpyIIHble ):µH Toro BpeMeHB, ocna
rqeHHhle ca:\-wii IIepe;::i;oBon: TexH.a1wii np e/llIIpHHTIIH, KaK, HaIIpHIMep, MeTannyp
rHqeCJœ:e aaBO ,W>l Kpynrra, Ha ROTotphlX pa6oTaJio B 1870 r. OBlilllle 16 TLIC. pa60-'IHX. Ilo CBOeH 1:;rneproBoopymeHHOCTH repMaHCRa·H IIpoMHIIIJiemIOCTb K KOH
u;y 60-x ro,n;oB ooorHaJia <ppaHu;yacRyro. M xoTH B rep:Man:e::u: ocTanaJiae1:, em;e
B0CbMa !})aC.IIpOCTp aHBHHa.H naTpnaipxaJII.Ha.H AOMamruœ rrpOMbIIIIJieHHOCTh,
MHOiROOTBO peMeCJI8HHHKOB H BCHKOro po,I(a «MacTepOBLIX JII0)];'0H>), HCe me
Kipynnoe RannTaJIIIcTutiecRoe npo:iraBO',IJ;CTBO ym:e o;u;epmaJio pemaro:rn;He rro6eW:,I
H HHqTO yme He )füfJIO aa gepmaTh ero CTp0MlIT0JII,HOl'O pa::mHTH.8 23•
B
1
21 << Historical statistics of the United States, 1.788-1945>). Washington, 1949 � <I> o JI x
H e p. McTopHH Ha po�Horo xoa.SIÏICTB,a CIDA, nep
· . c a•m-JI. M., 1�; R. V. Harlow. The
growth of the United States, Y. 1-2. New York, 1943; E. C. Kirkland. A history
of American economic life. New York, 1941.
22 B
. 11. JI e H II H. ArpapHaH npoi,pa.M'Ma co�air-;:i;eMoKp,aTRB B nep:soii pyccKoii p e
oomon;ffil 1005-1007 I'O;{OB. CotJ., 'I. 1·3, CTp. 216.
23 <I>. M ep n H r. ll.crop1rn fepM'aHcKoii �a.1:-,n;eMOKpa THH, T. 2, 3. M., 1923;
C. B ,a JI b Te p c x ,a y a e R. 3KOHOMiitJecJ<a.SI ncrop1rn: fepMaRBH » XIX B. 1912; P. Be
n a a r f. Les origines de la grande industrie allemande. Paris.. 1.002; W. Som hart.
Die deutsche Volkswirtschaft im neunzehnten Iahrhundert. Berlm, 1909.
i6
PoccHH Kpecn.,,HHCirnH ipeq>oplrn 1861 ro)l;a cTaJia
nepeJIOMHLIM py6emoM B HCTOPHlieCKOM pa3BHTBH
CTpaBLI. IlpOB0));eBBaH CB�xy .n;apCKHM caMop;epmaBHeM, oxpaHHBIDHM :O:HTe
pecLI KpeIIOC'llHKKOB-IIOM:ei::q;BKOB, aTa peqmpMa HH B KaRoii: Mepe l!fe �BJleTBO
pHJia 1:l'aH•HHÜ: Kp0CTI.JHHOTBa. Ha rrpaKTHRe o.Ha OKa.aaJiaCh rpa1H)llll03HOÜ:, roicy
�apcTBeH'HO opr8E1130BaBHOÜ: C'KCTe'MOii: 3RCII;pOIIpHa� tJaCTH KpOOThHH'CŒW:Ü
aeMJDI. 3To orpa6mma:e •KpecTbHHCTBa nonomH:io HatJaJio rroc:n,ep;yrom;eMy ooKy
�eHllIO p;epeBHH, p;erpap;a�HH -RpecThHHCKoro X03HHCTBa 24 .
}I 'BC0 me HecMOTJ)H :na 'fO, qro DCB M€'phl no rrpoBe;];eRHIO pecpopMl>I HIOCHJIH
Ha ce6e rJiy6ooœii OTUe1faTOK ee 3a.KOpeHeJI-o peaR�RHhIX a:wroipoB, 11€'CMOT
!PH aa ooxpaHHBnmecH B C·a'MLIX ypü,lJ;JIHBhIX q>op.'1!ax q)OO,l1;8.JlhHO-KpeilOC'VIDiqe
CRJHl0 nepeJIOBTK.H, «oop;epma.B!H-e KpOCThHHCROH peqlOpMhI,- KaK YŒŒ3LIBaJI
B. H. JleHHH,- 6LIJio 6yipmyaaHoe •.•» 25• ·Pe<J>opMa 1861 rop;a aaaMeHoBana no
Bopor B HCTOpHH Poccuu: C Tpyp;oM npo6HBmHecH CK1B03h TOJIIIJ;Y <peop;aJI:&HO
�peIIOCTHHqecKoro C'll_POH poc'IIKH HOBhlX KaIIHTaJIHCTH1IOCKHX OTHOmeHH:Ü IIOCJie
61 rop;a rromJIH c Heyp;�m.uMoii on:Jioiî. B. Il. JleHHH rrHcaJI, lfTO rrocJie peq>op
Mhl «pa3BHTHe lta'IlHTaJUl'3'Ma B J>oCCHH nomJio C TaKOH 6hICTpOTOH, qTo B ne
CK0JibKO ,n;eCHTHJieTH:Ü COB�aJlHCh npeBpam:enJUI, 3aHHBmHe B HeKOTOphIX
cTap:n1x cTpaHax EBporrLI .n;enLie BeKa >> 26 •
Pocea11
B
Ha 111POTHBOno.11omHoM, 3arrap;Hol1, KpaIO EBpOIIhl Ka
n:wraJIH3}l 6hICTpo pa3BIIBaJICH B aTH rOJJ;hl B MaJILIX
C'TpaHax - ,BeJihrlBI H r OJIJiaH,IJ;HH. B BeJlhrHH npoHOXOABJI B0Cb'Ma HHTeHC.HBHhlH IliPOMhIIDJieHHhIH IIO,ll;'WM, C 03]J;aBIDHH Texnn:qe
CKH xopomo Boopymeaayro rro TeM Bpe.MenaM THmenyro n: JierRyro HH,n;ycTp11ro,
rycTY)O ceTL meJieaHidx ,n;opor, xpynaLie rro Macnrra6aM cTpaH:hl rotpo,n;a. B ron
JiaH,n;HH Ka:IIHTaJI yeTJ)eMHJre:H rJiaBHLIM o6pai30M B o6mn:pHhie KOJiûHHH, '3KCIIJiy
aTai�HH 'KOTOp:hlX !IrpHHIOclIJia rpoMaJ,i];Hhle CBepxuplrohIJIH.
B lifTaJIHH KaI11ITaJIHCTHlJ8CROe Ipa3BJfTII0 illJIO HepaB
HTamra
HOMepno. Ha rore, r,n;,e rro-npemneMy HeocrropHMo
rrpeo6Jia,n;aJio ceJILOKOe X03HHCTBO, co:x;paHHBmee BO MHOrOY CJie,IJ;hl ,n;aJieKOro
cpep;HeB0KOBhJJ, npoMhlIDJieHHOCTb H ToprOBJIH pa3BHBaJIHCb MeW}eHHO, -ryro,
' T'Be Cap)J;ll
co c�11uoM. 3aTo B ceiBepo-aana1,n;ao:ë: qacTn M-raJIHH - B �opoJieBC
HHH H IIL8MOHTa - rrpe,n;npIUllHMaTeJihCKaH :e: ROMMepqecKaH ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb
KHIIeJia. 3)\ecb B03HHKaJIH HOBhle o-rpacmJ npOMhlillJI0IIHOCTH - MeTaJIJIYIPrHH,
MamHHOCTpoeHHe, coa,n;aBaJIHCh KpynHhle, ocaam:eHHhie rr�pep;OBOH T0XHH:KOH
•IIpOMhlmJieHHLie npeAJ]pHHT·HH, BJ)O,l1;0 H3B0CTHl>IX ,33.BO,IJ;OB <<AireaJib,IJ;O». Ha oc
HOBe Texa:a-qecKOTO OOHOBJleHHH HaMHO'I'O YB€JIH 1I1IBaJia CBOIO rrpO,D;YKD;HIO CTa
paH XJiorrqaTOOyYamHa.H rrpOMhlillJl0HHOCTh, CTpOHJIHCh mene3Hhl0 p;qporn, oc
HOB.blBaJIH-Cb KpyrrHhle 6a'B'KH, ToproBhle q>HpMhl C MHJIJIHOH'HhIMII o6opoTaM1H,
paaBepTLIBaJia.Ch TOprOBJIH, IIpoll'RKaBmaH BO B
' Ce yrOJIKH A'IIrreHllffJCKO-ro rro.rry
27
ocrrpoBa H .n;anexo aa ero rrpe.11eJThl •
Tax aaa1,:rnae:MaH <<peBOJIIOD;BH Men,n;an>> - HeaaBa.p
a
Bypacyaoa peBOD>J�IUI ille'H'IIaH oyipmya3HfüI peBOJIIOD;HH 1867-1868 ro�OB
• JlnoBBB
B .HrroH:aR OTKPhIJia nyTH RanHTa.JIH'3MY II B p;aneKoÜ
«cTpan.e Bocxo,n;Hm;e,ro coJI�a». �:ha peBoJIIOD;HH HMeJia PHA oco6eaaoCTe:Ü,
o6ycJlOBJiemihlX cooeo6paaHeM HCTOpH1I0CROro pa3B11THH CTpaH BocTOKa.
B1rn·mHe M
' DrJio Ka3aTLCH, lITO OHa JIHIIIh 'HH3BeprJia peiHHM cëryaaTa Il BOCCTa
HOB1lJia a6coJIIOTHCTCKYIO BJiaCTb H•M'IletpaTopa. Ho lI 1rrpn: 8THX orpaHHlieHHhlX
n.
24
A. 3 ,ai OB q K O B C K H ü. IlpoBeJJ;eHHe Bo iKll3HI, iKpeCThH'IICKOÜ peipopMLI
1861 r. M., 19�, CTp. 426 H CJI.
25 B. H. JI 0 H H H. <<RpecTLHHCKaH peq>OpMa>> li rrpo;rreTapcKH-RpecTLHHCKa.11 peBO
mon;WI. Co11., T. 17, CTp. 95.
26 TaM me, cTp. 96; cM. TaKme B. H. JI e He: H. PaaBIITHe KaIIIITam1aMa B Poccm1. Co11.,
1. 3.
27 3. Cepe H B. P a3BIITH0 KaUHTa;JH3Ma B HTaJILHHCKOli .D;epesue, nep. C HTaJI. M.
1951; R. <I>. M H s Ha Ho. HeKoropLre npo6;rr,e,m,r 06'be�1rnemrn lITa;JHH. M., 1955.
2
IIapBIBCHaff HOMyYHa, T. I
17
peay.HbTaTax 1868 ro,;:i;a - BJiaCTL 'llepe-MHCTIIJiaCb OT .n;a:iiMë (l\lPYil'HbIX q>eoµ;a
JlOB) B OCHOBH0':'.\1 R p::Bop.m-ICTBY, a R!PYIIHa.H 6ypmya31UI, rrop;p;ep.mHB8BIIIa.JI
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TOilŒIIUU: rnJih,Il;MH, 0 CB06op;e npo,I.(aiRH li RyilJIH aeMJlH H T. II., H:M0JIH qm�TO
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*
*
*
TaR, B pa3HhIX :n.oHn,ax 3eMHor-o mapa, or cTpaH cTapoii: EBporrhI µ;o Tnxo
oK1ea1HcKoro nooepemhH Oe(Be,pHoï1 AMep»KH H .n;o OC'TPOBOB Rrocro, XoHcro 11
Xoon(a.ÜlI,o, OMhIBRBMhlX HnoHCKHM MopeM, Be3'Ae RairaTaJIH3M o,n;epm.aBaJI no6eJ1,hI, IIpOHHKa:I Bü BCe IIOfPhl OOIQ€CTBa, BhI3hl'BaJI HOBOe, yciwpeHHO,e- 6neune
IIYJII:.Ca :n-WHOMIP:I8Cn0ll Il OOIJ;HaJihHOH. iRH3HH.
PacTHHyBmaHCH Ha ;:J;Ba CTOJI8THH 6opwa ror.u;a e�e MOJIOJ];OfO, IIOJIHOro CHJI
KallHTa.l1H3Ma CO c1pe.,u;HeBeKOBhlM, OTiKliBffiKM CB-OH BeK <J>eo;i::i;aJibHhlM CTpoeM,
rrooceMeCTHO 3aKaR1UIBaJiac1> nopameHHeM q>eo)(aJI•HaMa.
B 50-60-e ro,D;I,I pa3Bll'TH8 RanirTaJJ:H3Ma no BOOXO,!VIID;€ll JIIIHHH ,I(OCT}fTJIO
CBoero 3eHHTa. B TY nopy IŒIIHTaJ.IHJM B HalffiOJII,meii Mepe cnoco6cTB·OBaJI po
cry npoH13BO;!];:ll'T€-JihHLIX CHJI. Ho 1n1e.cTe C TeM pa3'BIH'l"He RallHTaJilll3Ma yme
npn6JIJI.maJJOCb K CBOeMy nepe;coMHOMY py6emy. 8rn lI,ecHTHJietlIH pacn;BeTa
6LIJIH BaoopmeHHeM neipnoµ,a no6e;:i; .11 yrBepm,nennH KanHTaJiu_a:Ma. Bene� aa
HlIMlJI p;oJimHa 6:E,I.11a Ha qaThCH mICXOAHID;aH JHilHIH ero '.HCTOplJlleCKHX cy�e6.
2. KOJIOBIIA.,îJhHAR 3KCDAHCIIH KAil.HTAJillCTHqECKHX ;::(EPiKAB
B 50-00•e rO�bl
Ilo6MM 1rnnnTa;rH3Ma ŒI ero 6ypHoe ipaaBw.mie B 50-60-e J'0,.1hl XIX B. 6LI
JIH TOOHO CBH'3aHhl CO CTOJlb me 6nICTphlM l!)OCTOM .mecTORoro, Ba·pBapc1mro KO
JlOHHaml'8Ma.
IlpoMhlllIJieHHo pa,,a1n1'fhle cTpaHbl, B n�BYIO 011epeW> AHrJIHH, ct>paH�HH,
CIDA,- CHJio:ii opymn.H B3JiaMbIBaJHI BopoTa 0KoHoM-n11ecxn oTcTaJihlX CTpaH,
lfTo6hl npeBpaTHTb HX B CBOH KOJIOHlJ,}l HJIH IlOJiy:KOJIOHJIH - pnIHRII c6uTa 'AJIH
CBOHX TOBapoB lI JICTO1IHHRH �emeBoro ChlpMI.
llcTOpH110CRH KOJI-OHHa�H3M B03HHK panee- ero Ba11aJIO BOCXO,IÇIIT K ape
Il�BOHa1IaJibHOTO n3IlHTaJIHCTH1100ROro HaKOIIJieHIIH. IlœJie'AYJO�ee 61>1cTpoe
pa3BJITHe IIIPOMhlillJieHHOro RainrTaJia CTaJio BO3MO.iKHhlM JIHIDI, Ha OCHOBe rpaH
�ll03HOfO orpa6JieHHH rpoMalI,HbIX ooraTCTB, HaROill.IeHHbIX aa 'AOJlfOe BpeMH
Tpy�oM aapolI,oB cTpaH BocroKa II 3anap;a.
28 E. iR y R on. McropH.R HnomrK. M., 1939; Qqep1rn. uonoii ncrop11:e: Hnomrn:
1917). M., 1957; X. T. 8 ii JI. y c. 011epK1I HOBoii n noooftmeü ucropun. M., 1956.
18
(1640-
-==�RABB
BpHTaHCKOe Moryrn;ecTBO pOCJIO Ha KOCTHX HH)l;Di
cxoro, 6ap:�rnncKoro, �eiiJI0Hc1wro H .n;pynrx napo�OB
• 3
BocTOKa.
Ror�a, 6naro�apH nenpephlBHOMY rrp:e:wKy nar:pa6.:i:eHHI>IX 6orare:rn ,113 Ro
JioRR:ü: 6pH'!'aHcKaH Kallil'l'8JFH'CTH1i0C:KaH npoMhlIIIJieHHOCTh CTaJia nepBOIO B
M.H·pe, 'TOr,il;a lKOJIOHll'H IlpHOOpemr AJIH MeTpOIIOJIBIH rH HHOe 3Hla.1I0H·He - 'PhlRKOtB
c6hlTa ,il;JIH amJIHHCRHX TOB8poB H BCTOtfHIHRa ,rr.emeBOI'O ehipbH. Bec'II'OIDJIH.11HLIH BB03 XJI01JllaT06yrHaïRHhlX ll HHl>IX TOBapoB B MB�lUO H �pYTJie KOJIOHHH
rrpHHOCHJI anrJIHHeKHM KOJIOHHaaropa."1 C1m301-IHLie cnepmp.IrohlJIH. Ha IIpOTH
meHHH Bceii nepBoii noJIOBHHLI XIX Be1m anr:nracRni\ aRcrropT B l1Hp;n:ro ne
upep�BHo ooapacNw.
Bropmen-ue anrnniicKHX TOBapoB na nn,rçrriîcRnft pLIHOR BeJio :n paa01Penn10
�iicKoii p;oManraeii: npoMLim.rreHHOC'rn, cTapn:nH,oro !IIHAUiic1wro peMecJia.
AarJIHHCKHe 1DIHOBHHKH rrp11nym;i;aJu1 ,paaopenn1>1x 1IH-;rJ;HË:01nix KpecThHB H
OÔH11llqa:snmx pmœc.nea-R:HKOB pa3BO�lITh re T0XITTI4eCKHe II rrpo,n;oBOJI.bCrB.0BiHhl0
KYJU,TYPM, K0Top1a1e 6LIJJH nymHhl :i,;aK CLiipbe �JI.a rreipepaooTKH
• anrJIHÜcKoii
IlpûlŒlillJieH'HOCTll. BpnraHCKaH JlO:.IHTHKa CTaBM.'la CBOe:Ü u;eJII>lO Upe.BpaTBTI,
BCIO MHOTOMHJIJIHOHHYIO HH�IO B orpoMHYIO IIO;J;H0BOJILHYIO ;ri;e,peBHIO, pa60ra10m;y10 na anr.rraiicK.aii ropo,n;.
B. 50-x ·ro,n;ax 6hIJill aaBoeBaHhl IIOC.'Ie�Ire IIHJJ;llHCKHe 30MJIH, e�e co�pa
UJIBillHe rocyµ;apcTBeHHbIH cyBepeHJITe-r: IleH::i;IBa6 (-1839 r.), Harnyp, Ay;1. H
ooJiee MeJJK:e:e B..11a,n;eHIIJI. B 1856 r., rrocJie ;a;o.;JToii: orrycTom:e:TeJII>Hoii BOHHhl,
ÔLIJia aHHeKCHpOBana 3aIIa;I,HaH Bn:p.Ma.
BeJIHKaH ocB06oµ;HTeJI1>HaH BOHHa n:rrp;IIiic•iwro naipoga 1857-1859 ro,n;OJJ
6MJ1a repœ111eciro:i Il'Oilhf'TIKOÜ c6poc,1:1Th rJie-r aHr.illlIHCiüIX rropa6ormre.rreii, cnac
'nlI c-.qpalJIY OT ry6B.Te.JibHOH rwpaRilllI 6:pIIT aHCRODO ROJIOH-HaJijH3M-a. Map:KC B
1858 r. lJIBCaJI, 'l!To «l1 HAlfH c TeM drain of men and bullion [oTJIHBOM JI10µ;eii
H �eaer], KOToporo OHa 6y):{eT CTOHTb AHr.àIHH, H'BJIHeTCH Teuep1, 'HalJllIIM
JIY1IillBM OOI03HHKOM>> 29. Ho Tor,n;a ern;e ue IIpBillJIO BpeMH )];.!lH coe,n;IIH0HHH
6QP.L6hl npoJieTapHaTa B OCB06op;11re.:.IbHOii ôop1>61>1 Hapo.U,OB KOJIO'HHH B
eJQJ:Hhlii <ppcmT npoTRB :nau:e:TaJI-H3Ma. C:0:JI1>1 cropon B MHJJ;HH 61,IJin CJillllI
KO],,I BepaBHl:aI. BoccTaHHe c.arraeB 6hlJIO nop;aKieHO CO CBHperroii ilŒCTOKOCThIO.
H�JJI{ 'IIOJipemiteMy OC-TaBaJiac1, rJiaBHhL\f HCTOlfHIIKOM KOJIOHHaJIL'HhlX
c:éepxnpH6hlJieii, Ba KOTotphlX TaK IIhlIDHO pacu;BeraJI arrrnniic1u1:iî 1ŒITIITaJIH3M
cepe�hl npomJioro BeKa 30•
Hn,n;:aro Ha3hlBa.rru B Jion�oae <<me:MqymnHoii 6pnTaH
Ycueue
CKO:Ü Kopœn,I>>. Ho B."TJaCTh 6pnraHCRO:iî KOpoHLI npo
K0JIOBB8JlbBOil
CTRpaJiac1, He TOJihNO Ha,n; 3TOH BeJIRKOll li Hec1Iacrnoii
9RCD8BCBB AllrQll
CTJ>a'.Hoii. R 1850 r. rroMnM-o M'HJJ;IUI no,n; BJiacTnIO AH
rJIHH 'Ilaxo�RJIOC.L 0JI\0 160 M.JIH. 11eJIOBe:n R 11 700 ThIC. RB. KM KOJIOHHaJII,HhIX
BJla�eH'llii. 3ro 6LIJia B0JIH'!aiimaJI RO:IOHlla!IbHaH n�me,pn:.a B -M:ape.
Ho 6p11TaHCKHX KO.JIOHH3aTopaM 8TO BCe em;e Ka3aJIOCI, H�OCTaT01IH:&I'M.
B 50-x 1o�ax XIX BeKa ROJIOHHaJI1>HaH JKcrraHCBH AHr.,J"' FIB .pa.aBepnyJiach c
H8BlI,D;3HHhlM e�e paaMaxoM. IloMHMO HÇ)BhlX B:.ra;ri;eHHH B HH,D;Hll, 0 KOTOII)hlX
BLIIUe yme roBOpJlJJOCb, aurJUfliaHe B a·TH ro}l;nl 3aBoeBaJUI BeJiyµ;«HCTaH, o6ill•IIPHhle TeppHrop11.:e: MaJia:1Œcl{l()ro nonyocTpoBa, pn.;ri; (5oJiee MeJIKHX BJia,n;enHii
B Aaaa II �pmrn. Ha ocTpoBax HoB'oii 3eJiaHJJ,MH Ha npoTHilŒHHB pn)l;a JieT
oan IIiPO]J;OJiïKaJIH HCTpOOHTe.rr1>uy10 Boiiay rrponrn nJieMeHB Maop.:e:. ,[(Ba·MaT1>
.110T 6ecnom.aWJ:hlX BOHII IlpüTB,B Hapo�OB BOC'TORa np:aB0JIH K Bü3pacTaI;fBIO
1I1ICJ1a IIOJU{aBHl:aIX 6p:u:TaHCROJÏ KO,pon1,1 em;e Ha 70 MlIJIJIIIOHOB.
29 R. MapKc - «I>. HHreJffiCy 14 JIHBapH 1858 Il'. R. Ma pK c H <l>. 3 •H r e JI 1, c. Co11.,
T. XXII, c-rp. 290; c.M. TaKme K Ma pK c 11 (1), 3 H r e :11, c. 0 Ha�:e:0HaJI1>HO--OCBOOO.U:B
rem,HoM BOCCTaHHH 1857-1859 rr. B Ma;vrn. Co., M., 1959.
30 ,Um. Hep y. OmpLITHe HH,ll;B.H. M., 1955; Hapo,n:Hoe BO-Cct.aHIIe B HH,ll;HH 18571859. C6. cr.aTeii. M., 1957; CH H x ,a B Ba Hep� m H. Hcrop1rn MH.U:BH. M., 1954.
1
1
2•
19
B
ca:woii EBpone aHrJIHHCRHe npaBHm;11re RJiacchl Ha
rrpüTHïIŒHHH CTOJieT:nii Tep3aJI•H nopa6om;eHHYIO HM,B
l1pJiaH)];HIO. <<3eJieHhIH OCTJ)OB)) B peayJihTaTe aHrJIHÜCKOI'O rocuo,n;iCTBa ûTa:I e,n;nHCTJJeHHOH B EBpone CTpaHOÜ, r,n;e HaceJieHHe He
»ooipacTaJio, a y6i.rnaJ10. Tor.n;a 1mR aa 20 JieT, c 1850 no 1870 r., HaceJieHn:e
rca,Mo:Ü AHrJIHU, Y9JIJica H IlloTJraH.r(H-ll yBeJIH1IH'JIOc1> c 21 MJIH. 1IeJIOBeR ,n;o
'26,3 MJIH., B 11pJiaHp;IUI 3a STO me BJ.?0'MH ORO ynaJIO C 6,6 MJIH. ,n;o 5,4 MJIH. tJe
JIOBeR. 8TH cyxne n;,mpphl :mpacHopet11rnee 'BCHKHX CJIOB OOJIH1IaJIH aHfJIH:ÜCKYIO
UOJIHTII1KY no OTHomeHHIO K lipJiaH,D;lIH 31 •
Eme B ROIID;e 30-x - HalJaJie 40-x ·ro)];OB AHrJIHJI BeJia
Boiiua Allrmm
rrponrn KHTaH nepByIO 01nryMHYIO n-oüHy. 8Ta BOÜHa
npOTBB KBT8H
,10.1mHa 6i.ma ne TOJI1>1K-o ooecnetJHTh C'1IJioii opymHH
B03MOiRHOCTh aur.1HHCRHll Rym::i;aM Hamn:BaTh CK-a30tIHbie COCTOHHH.fl' Ha o-rpaB
JI0HHH H.D;OBHThIM .n;yin-rnHOlI Rn-rani:i;en. Ta1rnH i:i;e.Jii. onIJia ,n;ocTH1rHyTa. Ho no
3aKJIIOlf8HHOMY B ORTH6pe 1842 ro,n;a HepaBHonpaBHOMy HaHRHHCKOMY ,n;orOBO
PY A·HrJIHH orropra.1a OT lùnaH ocTpüB foHKOHr, rrpe.Bpan:i;eHHhIÜ e10 B 'BOffil·HO
MopcKyIO �penocTh-TIHCTOJieT, npHcTaBJieHHhlÜ K rpyAH RnraH,- H noJiy1Im1a
pH,n; IIJpeH!MyII:i;OCTB II JibrOT ,Zl;JIH HaBO,n;H0HHJI KHTa:ë:mmro ·phIHKa aHrJIHHOKBMH
TOBapaMH. BoJiee Toro, RHrail ;:(OJiiR0H 6hlJI 3aIIJiaTHTb em;e KOHTpB6�BIO B
pa3Mepe 21 MJIH. ,n;o.rr.rrapoB, 1IT06hl B03MeCTHTb AHrJIBH pacxo,n;hl no YHH11TOme
HHIO IOITairi:i;eB.
B 1857 ,r., BOCno::rh30BaBmHCb 3aBe)];OMO JIO)RHhlM rrpe,n;JIOr(){M, aHrJHI:Ü:CKOe
npaBH'TeJILCTBO, B03rJ"IaB:iHeMoe <<HCTIIHHhIM pLID;·a-peM cBo6o,n;LI» JIOPAOM IIaJii.
MepCTOHOM, Ha1IaJio BTopyro OIIHYMHYIO BOHHY IIJpüTRB RHTaH. AHrJIHÜCKHe D
<ppam::i;yacKHe BOBHHhie Ropa6JIH noA"Bepr1.m 6eamaJIOCTJIDÜ 6oM.6ap�npo.BRe
KaHTOH H OKKyrrn:poBa.1u ero. R11nafü:rnoe npaBHT0JIWTBO �OJliRHO 6hlJIO B
1859 r. no,n;rrncaTh HOBhJe HepaBHonpaBHhle ,n;oroBQphl, HO H OHH He MOTJill Ha
ChITHTb aRrJio-q>paHi:i;yacr�llX ROJIOHII3aTopo.B. lIM y,n;aJIOCh cUpoBOIJ;HpOBaTh HO
BhlÜ KOH<pJIHKT, ,n;aBIIIHH IIOBO,n; ,n;JIH BOOOOHOBJ10HHH oorom:o:ü arpec.cHH. B
1860 T., HCnOJib3YH CBOe nop;aBJIHIO�ee npooocxo,n;.cTBO B BOe:HHOii TeXHHKe,
aHrJI<�q>paai:i;yacIOie IBOHCKa 'IIaHecJI'II nopameHHe R•HTai.qaM B BOpBaJIHCb B Ile
RHH. �peBHHH C"flOJIHIJ;a RuraH ilIO'�Bepr;iacb 6ecnp.HMepmniy pa3pymeHllIO H
paarpa6JieHHIO. Be:IHROJI·eIIHhlH naMHTHHR RBTaÜcRoro BCKYCC-TBa - i3HaMeH.II
ThllÏ IûaJHb-i.'\flIH-IOaHb ( <<ÎRe:Mqymurra RwraH»), Jl0THllH wiopei:i; RirTaÜORHX III:!wI
rrepaTopoB - <<Be.TJbIH p;Bopei:i;>> Ha q>atpq>Qpa, AB�Jn:i;i.1 Ha 6poH8hl, CJIOHOBOÜ Ro
CTH c HX 6ecc"lleTHhlMII 6oraTCTBaMn OhlJil:I paa:npa6JieHhl, a aaTeM oommeHhl.
TaR 111Pe,n;cTaJia <<IJ;HBHJIHaoBaHHaH>> EBporra nepeA «OTcTaJihIMt HnTaeM.
B OKTHÔpe 1860 r. B pa.anpoMJieHHOM II paarpa6JieHHOM IleKHHe no6e,n;nTeJIH
rrpe,n;JIOïR'HJl'H HiJI.TaIO yc."IOBIIH HOBOrO Ra6aJihHOro ,noroBOpa, npe,n;ocTaBB:BIIIero
AHrJIHH II <l)paHIJ;HH Il IIX no;a;,n;aHHblM HOBble, II01ITH HH1I0M 6oJiee He orpaHn:
lf0HHble npana B RnTae.
qTOOLI cox·paH.IITh B08MOJRHOCTh 16ecnpeIIHTCTBeHHO rpa6HTL RH-raii H HC
RopeHH'l'b BCe 01IarII conpOTHBJieHHH, aHrJIHHCRHe ll q>pami;yaciKHe KOJIOHH3a
TOpbl opraHH30BaJin B 1864 r. HHTepBeHIJ;HIO IIIPOTBB Ta:H'IIHHC'ROro CBOOO�Horo
RpeCTl>HHCRoro rocy.[(apCTBa. R JieTy 1864 r. HHT(WB0HThl no,n;aBHJllI MymecT
BeHHOe corrpoTHBJI•emrn TailnIIHOB. B HIOJie naJia CTOJilllll;·a rocyµ;aipcTBa - HaH
KlfH. HoJiee c·Ta Thl 'CHlf TaiinHHOB 6i.mo yHH1ITomeuo. Paa:6oü H aBepcTBa aH
rJinicRHX H cppam:zya-cRHX co::rÀaT II o<f>n:i:i;epoB npHHHJIH TaKHe CTpamHhle
paaMephl, lJTO i,n;ame npoc::raBJieHHblli ROHi'];OThep QPHTaHCKOI'O KOJIOHBaJIH3Ma
reHepaJI fop,n;OH cqe;r HYlliHhfM OTRa3aTI>CH 0T IIO,rtHeceHHbIX 0lfY no;u;apROB,
OTMemeBaBIIIIiCb TeM callbD{ or noaopHOTO IIOBe,n;eHHH CBOHX co6pa-Th0B no
opymHIO.
Ilopaôo�eHue
lfpnaH.a;BH
31 II. M. K e p m e n n e B. H:p:ran�H B 6op1.oe 3a ueaaBHCHMOCTL. H:a,n. 3. M., 1936.
20
Ta.K OT�LITLIM npuMeHeHBeM HaCllJillH, paa6oiiH1:Pibeii, rpaôllTeJILC.KOB
BOB'UOH AHrn11u1, a BM0CTe C HeIO li <DpaH�IIH B3Jia'M:blBaJIII BopOTa .IûrTaH,
11T06LI 06ecne11HTL OOLIT B'I1)1IAOPOra CBOIIX TO'BapoB Ha 6onee Hll1ieM He
3�11\eHHOM orpmmcm .KlITa:iic'.KOM phl·H.Ke 32 •
Ta.KHMB me paa6oiiHH1iblIMll COBM0CTHhUIII BOeHHhlM· H
llaeanenea:aoe
)];0HCTBIIH:B.HI AHrJilUI, <l>péUl�llll, fOJIJiaH):µIH li CIDA
OTBpil'l'lle
B 1863 T. 6hlJIH B3JIOMaHhl BQpüTa .HnoHHH, BhlHy>R
BOBYX plilllKOB
,AJIJI aer.DBBCKBX TOBapoB ,n;eHHOd TaIOKe )];OTIYCTHTb BBOO HHOCTpaHHhlX TOBatpoB
B CBO·IO CTpauy.
E�e pauee, B 1856 ro;zy, AHrJIHH, cxBaTIIB aa ropJio IlepcHIO (TyiJJ;a 6hlna
HanpaBJieHa B00HHaH 3.KClleJ:t;BD;HH), npHHY]VIJia maxa IIIPe,n;ocTaBll'Tb aHrJIHii
ClœM KymJ;a.Y H aHrJillHC.KllM TOBa}?aM Ha1I60Jiee BhlfO)];Hhle YCJIOBH:JI.
B 1867 roJcy A61ICCH'HBH no,n;BéprJiach Taio«e •Hlll{eM He cnpoBO�HpcrnaHHo:ü
BoeuHoi allP0CCHH AarJIBB. IlocJie Toro .KaR aHrJI1:1qaHe, paarpa61rn ee CTOJIJIIU;Y,
A<).KaBaJJH CBOe Heoenop.HMoe BOeHH00 IIIPeBOCXO)];CTBO, npaBHTeJibCTBO AÔIICCII
HH11 OTKpLIJIO Hac-remL BCe ·JJ;Bepu B CTpauy aHTJIIIHCRHM TOBapM.1.
TaK, CBHpeno airennyaTltl{)yH II f!P80H ·Hapo,Ahl KOJIOHHaJibHhlX II IIOJiyKOJIO
HBaJILHlilX cTpaH, q�pnas O'M'-y,n;a ,n;emeBoe chlpbe H CÔhlBaH Ty,n;a 6ecnpen.a:T
cTBeHHO TOBapLI, aHrJiuiic'Rllii Kan1ITaJIH3M ceipe,n;uHhl XIX Be'Ra o6ecnetf1:IBaJJ
ce6e Henp�LIBHlilii IIpHTOK OOCHOOJIOBHhTX 6aphlme:fl, orpOMHhlX R'OJIOHHaJib
HLIX cBepxnpimLIJie:ë:.
B. JI. JleHHH, anaJIH31Ipya oco6eHHOCTH HCTopnqecKoro ipaaBHTllH aHrJIHii
c1eoro KaIIHTaJill3Ma, OTMe1iaJI, qro yme R 50-60-M ro;:i;aM B AHrJIHll npoHBll
JIRCL HeKOTOphle qepThl HtMJiepnaJIH3Ma, a HMEŒHO - IIpOMhlIDJI0HHhle MOHOil'O
JIOH H OllPOMHlile KOJIOHHaJibHLie BJia,n;eHllH. BMec·Te c TeM: aHTJIH:Ü•c1n1ii Kan11Ta
JDI3M, Ka.K H .Ka1nrra-.,1naM B �eJIOM, em;e npop;OJiiKaJI pa3BlrnaTblCH no BOCXOM
�ei JIHHHH.. Map.Kc n11can B 1867 r., qTo AIITJIHH HBJIHeTCH «RJiaccnqecI«>ii
C1.'PaHOH Ka'IIHTaJIH3Ma» H ee rnpEMep B 3TOM CMbICJie HBJIHeTOR no.KaaaTeJibHhlM
H � ,n;pyrux CTpan.
Ü8'J)Hp;y C A'HrJIHeii, IIOJIHTHKY .KOJIOHH·aJibHOH 3RC IIaFICBH, XOTH H B M8'Hb
WHX MacmTaoax, B0JIH H .ri;pyrne pa3BH'Thle h"allHTaJIHCTJI,qOC,,KHe C1'paHhl.
IlpaBHTeJI:É.cTBO HanoJieona III BO <l>paH�IDI, pyRo
KoaoBBam,BHe BOÎÎIIW
BO)];CTBYHCh ,J;HHaCTIIl!eCRHMH MOTHBaM'H H .KQPhlCTHhl�
(J)pBIQ\IPJ
MH HHTepecaMH qrnHaHOOBOH 6yipmyaa1IH, npe,n;npH
H.HJIO PHA 38BOeBaT0JlbHhIX .KOJIOHHaJibHhlX BOHH. B 50-x ro,n;ax 6bIJia B0306HOB.
JleHa H3HypHTeJihHaH B ,n;oporOCTOHm;a.a: BOHBa aa pacmIJip0'HHe cppan,�y3CIOIX
BJia�8HHii B CeBepHo:ü Aq>pHKe •.u;eHOIO OOJihmHx Juo,n;cKIIX iKepTB, HaI11PameH
HhlX BOeHHLIX YCHJIHH, KOTOphle OOHauapTHCTCRaH nel!aTb HeH3M0HHO npe,n;-
CTaBJIHJia �eIILIO 6JieCTHIIJ;HX B00HHhIX 'J1PHYM(p()B, <ppaH�yaaM y,n;aJIOCb He
CKOJIL'KO nepe�HHYTL rpall'H�Y CBOHX BJia,u;eHBii K 10ry OT AnmHpa H Bo,n;py3HTL aHaM•H Broipo:ë: HMrrepHH B necKax Ra61rnHH. B Te me npHMepHo ro;a;hl, .KaK:
yme l'OBQI)HJIOCI,, 4>paa:n;yacK1Ie BOHCKa, COBM8CTHO C aHrJIHHCKHMH, yqaCTBOBa
JIH B pa8HOI'O po� HaCHJIHHX Ha,n; RHTaiicRHM Hapo,n;o�. <Dpa�HH np11o6peJia •
no IleKH'HCKOMY ,AOroBopy 1860 r. ·11e me BhlrO,J;hI H n;peJIMy�,ec·TBa �JI.a: cBoe:ü:
TOprOBJIH, tJTO H AHrJIHJI, XOTH, B CHJIY CBoeii OTHOCHT0JibHO:Ü npoMhlmJieHHOii·
OTCTaJIOCTH, 1:I He MOrJia HX B Taltoii me Mepe peaJIH30B8'Tb.
C KOHD;a 50-x ,n;o KOH�a 60-x TO,J;OB ( 1867) cppam:i;yacKHe .KOJIOHH3aTOphli
BeJIH aaBoeBaTen1,ey10 Boiiny B lIH,n;o-RnTae. d>pami;y.ahl OBJiavi;en11 RaM6011;meir,
RoxHHXIIHOi H .rrocJie ;a;oJiro:ü H RpaiiHe H3HyipuTeJihHO:Ü AJIH HHX BOÜH1>1 npoTHB
BLeT.HaM.CJŒX naJ)TH3aH ycTaHOBHJIH CBOIO BJiaCTb aa;rr; romHhlM BbeTH-8MOM.
32 A. JI. H a p O 'Il H H � ·K H ii. Ho;ioBHa.:11>HaH IlOJIHTRIŒ KaUHTaillJCTH11eCKHX J(epmaB
aa ,l(am,ueM BocroKe f860-1895. M., 1956; <I> a H 1, Be H 1, - JI a HL. Hœa11 HCTop1rn
Hv.ra11, nep. c KHT., T. 1. M., '1-955; R a p a - My p a a. Taih:m:m,1. M., 1950; Xy a T a H. HcTo
p1rn peno.:non;HOHHOi BOHHbl TaHlIHHCKOI'O rocyÀa•pcrna. M., 1952.
2f
B 1862 r. <DpaH11,1u1 conMeCTHO c AHrJinei n CIDA HallaJia HHTepBeHn;1uo
rrpoTHB rrp,orpeccmBHoro 1pecnyoJIHIŒHCRoro npaBnTeJI1>CTBa BeHHTO Xyapeca
B MeRoH.Re. MapRc Ha3hIBaJI aTy HHTepBeHil;lIIO O.l\H�M «:a·s caMhTX 1IY.r(OBHin;HhlX
npe)]JrrpHHTHH, ROr,l],a-JI:a6o 3aHeceHHhIX - B JieTon11,cn Mem,11.yHatpo.n;Hoii ncro
piurn 33• Ho H nocJre Toro 1'aR AurJIH-H H CIDA OT03Ba1IH CBOH BoiicRa, npaBH
T0JibCTBO BT01poii: H.MJiepIIH .rrpoµ;oJimaJio BOOTH. B MeKcn1rn aaBoeBaTeJn,Hyro
BOHHY , To ,6hUia O)];Ha H3 «BeJUI•�nx HanoJie'OHOB<',kHX H,n;eii», aa K<n:opoiî CKphl
BaJHICb 8l10RCTHlI0CRIIe ,I(HHaCTH1Iec1nrn HHTepecbI H KOpiiICTHhle paC1IeThl 6aH
IWBCKHX BOpûTHJI. K TOMY RŒ, KaR cnpaB0AJIHBO rrn:caJI BHKTOp r1oro, «rroc.a:
raTeJihCTBO na MeKCHimHcRyro pecrryfürHKY - rrpoµ;oJimenne rrocHraTeJib1CTBa
Ha ,pecrry6mIKY (l)paHn;y3cRyro>> 34 . 8Ta onycrornnTeJihHaH, in-oaopnaH Boiîaa
npOP,OJiiRaJiach 'IIHTh JieT. B 1867 I'O,I(y reiponqecRoe oonpOT-HBJ19HH0 M0KCH·:mtH
CKOro Hapo,ll,a O,I(OJI0JIO HaCHJIHH HHTepB0HTOB Il «BeJinqaHmee npeAilPHHTHe
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B 5O-6O-x l'0.L{ax roJIJiaH,u;c1nrn KOJIOHII3aTOphI, JI0Ilo pa6om,eHBe
MMI oTqaHHH'Oe corrpOTB.BJieH'He BB,D;OH83H:H<:rnoro HU
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aMapnI<aHCKoro I�OHTHHeH'l'a, a 3aTeM li 3a ero DlJH�,l],eJiaMH, arpeocHBBYIO 3aBO
eBaT0JlbHYIO noJIJITHKy. RaR cnpaBe,I(JIHBO 11ireaJI YHJIMFM <l>ocTe,p, <<o6 aRC'IIaH
CHOHHCTCKHx 38:'M.bIC.'lax rrpaBHID;HX KJiaCCOB ÛOle]UIH0HHhlX illTa'I'OB OBH)];eTeJI.b
CTByeT 1MHoroaHa1IHTeJihHoe Ha3BaHHe, rrp.11cB-0eHHoe HOBoii pecuy6nn•Ke RoH
crnT�HOHHhlM KO'HBf?HTOM: Coep;IrHe-HHhle illTaThl AMepHKH. Hu1mKa.J1 Jq>yraH
cTpana 3ana,n;aoro no:rymapnH 1rn:nor,n:a 'He ŒI.b1TaJiac1> npncBOHTI:» HCKJIIO'rt lf
TeJI1>Ho ce6e o6rn,ee IIMJI AIMepn:IüI>> 36•
Ho pe111, m.'lla He o cnMBo.:1ax. Co B!peMeHH o6paaoBaHHH saoReaHcRoü 1pec
rry6JIHRH H A0 RoHu,a XIX CT0:IeTHH HHRII BeJIH 6ecno�a;a;uyro ncTpe6HTeJIHRYIO
BOiHy IllPOTIIB RDipeHHhIX .mrrreJieü CeB�paoii AMepHRB - IIHp;eim;eB. CTapa
HHH'MH 6eJibIX aMepH:Emm:i;eB HeRorp;a MHOI'01I.HCJieH'Hhle IlJl0M0Ha cny, reieH,
neBaxo B. ;a;pyr.He Ohl:IH npeBpam;eHbI B My.aeHHyIO pe,D;KOC'l'b. ÛAJIOBp�eHHO
mJia aKc-rraHcRH ·Ha IOr rr IOro-3arra,n;. 3axBaT Texaca y MeKCHRH ;a;aJI HCKO
MbIH Il0BOJ]; AITH BOHHhI nponrn coce,l],'Hero JO.lli'HOrO rocy.u;apcTBa. Boooa
1846-1847 I'O.IJ;OB 3aBepmII.1aC.b onpa6JienaeM MeKCHKH, HJIH, T01IHee I'OHO
,PH, ee paa,n;e;ro�, 11ro, Brrpo1IeM, ,np1rnHaBaJ1a H aMepuRam:rna11 rre1IaT1> Toro
EpeMeHH, OT'nlPhITO 3aJifüUIBIDaH, 1IT-O <<MeKCHKa - 3TO a'MepHKancRaH
IloJII>ma>> 37•
K. M .a ·P R c. IlHTepBeH[{füI B MeKCHKe. K Ma p K c H <t>. 3 H r e ,;r r, c. CotJ..
T. 16, CTIJ. 3715.
s• B. r 10 r o. Boana B M�KcRKe. Co1I., T. 15, cTp. 389; cM. Tia.Kme H. Park e s. Histu
ry of Mexico, New York, 1940; Qqep:n.11 HOBOii li HOBeiinr-eii ncropHH MeK<�H-KH. Hacn1TYT :acrop:an: AH CCCP. M., WôO.
35 P. Go n nau d. Lacolonisation hollandaise à Java. Paris, 190-5; E. S. de KI e r c k.
History of the Netherlands East lndia, v. 1-2. Rotterdam. 1'938; 1. Bru ha t. Histoire de
l' Indonesie, Paris, 1958.
36 YHJihHM 3. <I> o c T e p. QqepK no:rnrnqecKoii ucrop 1n1 AMepBKH, nep. c aHrJI.
2-e H3J(. M., 1955, crp. 275.
a7 J. B. Mc Mast e r. A History of the People of the United Stat es, vol. VII. New
York, 1'885. p. 400.
31
22
B cepe,rre:ae npomJioro cToJieTHH Tepp1nop1uc Coe,IVIHeHHhlX lIITaToB pac
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24
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paTHOe corJiameHIIe c a.Bcrpniî:u;aMH B BIIJIJia!ppa'.llRe. Ho yme IDI Eoaa
rrapT, H'H Kany1p, 'll!II BHnTOp-8Ml:laHYJIJI He Mormr OCTfrHOBlfTb TIO.D;HHBme
rocH no Bcen crpa-He na,p-0,11.Horo penoJIIOD;HOHHoro ll ua-Tp.Ho-v1rqecRoro ,ri;BH
ïIWHHH.
B Mae 1860 r. Ha rJia3ax ll3YMJI0HHOr-O MHpa ThlCHlla xpacaopy6ame1IHBKOB
JiereH::i,apHoro fapII6aJib;::I.ll, OTIIJihlB Ha �BYX 'KOpaoJIHX B'3 feHyH, BbICa)J.HJiaCh
Ha RaMeHHCTOM 6epery Cnu;HJIHH II, IIOM'9pmaHHaJI BOCCTaBIDHMH R!PeCTb
HHaMH OCTpOBa, B 6HTB0 rrpH RaJiaTa<fmi.m: paarpOMHJia peryJI.HpHhle BO:Ü:CIŒ
Hea'IlOJIUTaHCKOI'O ROtpoJIH. 27 MaH, IIpH.BeTCTByeMLIH JIHKyIOII\'HM HapOl(OM, fa
pn6aJib,D;H BCTyIDIJI B IlaJiep�10.
Ho aro 61>rno JIHm1> aa11aJio. BcKope no,:( y,n;apaMH peBoJîlo�oHHoii apMIUI
rapII6aJib)];H ipyxHyJia MOHa;px1rn: HearroJIHTanc1rn:x BypooHOB, OhlJIH CH0C0H
' bl
rrorpaIDPIHhie cToJI6hl Ropo.rreBcTBa. ooenx C�mùi. B npaa;rv«rnaBmeM no6eAy
peBOJIIOD;IlH HearroJie fapH6aJib,D;ll 6h!JI e�Ho,r:i;ynmo Ha',ZJ;eJieH Hapü,11.0M WJKfa
TOPCK-OH BJiaCTbIO. Ilp116hlBm11.ii B Heanorrh .r(myaenne Ma;u,3HHII - HCTB.HHhlii
BOil<.ll,b pocny6.TIIIiaHCRü-Hao;uoHaJibHOH rrap'l'Jl1H - ,:(0Hb OTO ,1,HH rrpHo6peTaJI BCe BOOpacTaIOIIl.ee BJHIHHHe.
H OKTH6pro-HOH•6pro Toro me 1860 ro.u,a IOr H CeBep HraJIHH BOCCOeAlfBII
JillCb. Ho e,U,IIHCTBO CTpaHhI ycTaHaBJIHBaJH>Cb no,a; !pJiaroM MOHapxHH, BOarJiaB
JIH0MO.H CaBoË:cK-oii: ,1,nnacnrnii. 6 ORTH6pH rro,u, aByKH q>ampap ROpüJIL BHKT-Op3MMaHyHJI ropmecTBenao m'bexaJI B' Hearro.11h, a fap:ai6aJih)];H 'B0J)HYJICH na ctsO' ii
MaJieHbRHH o,cTpOB narrpepa. JiereHµ,apHhlH repoii, nopa-3KBIDHH Boo6pameHHe
B-Cero MIIpa .C'B'OlIMII oecmpII)JepHhDUI TIQ,J;Bll.fa'M11I. OH ÔhlJI rerrepb He HY'iIŒH n,
6oJiee roro, orraceH. Ero OTIIYCTHJIII, .II-0 CJIOBaM repn;eHa, «KaK OTrrycRaIOT HM
m;Hna, 1-wr,u:a OH ;::I.OBe3 �o craH:qIIII>>. B Mapre 1861 r. BCeHTaJibJIHCRHH napJrn
M0HT [lpüB03r.;ra-cII:r o6pa30BaHlle uraJibHHCKOI'O ROpOJI0BC'TBa B-0 T'JialBe ,C BJIK
TüpOM-8MMaey1IJIOM.
Il BCe me, HecMoTpH Ha ro, l!TO ;:I,eMonpanrqec1we
OCBOOOl(HTeJI1>HOe JJ;BHJKe�
�
�
HIIe Cµ,aJio CBOH II03IIII;IIH oyparya3HblM JIHOepanaM, aaBepmeHJie ,vu'be,IJ;HHeHIUI
HraJinn:: 6IJ:ro rrcropH1IecK11. 6eaycJioBHo nporpeccBBHLIM.
Ho 3HaqeHIIe HallaTOil rrra:rhHHCKIIM HapOµ,OM OOpWhl 3a HaD;HOHaJILH00
e.ri;IIHCTBO crpaHbI 6bI.JIO em;e II B HHOM. <<1860 rop; JIBJI.H0'TCH npo,r:i;OJimeHHeM
1849>>,- r-oRop.II.a Bnnrop froro B peqn, rroceHm;eHHon: rapn6aJI1>µ;n. ÜH XO'TeJI
oT.HM cirn3aTb, lfTO BHOBI, rrpnm.TO BpeMH peBOJIIO�llH. «IIycTh op;Hl:I .ri;eiicTBYIOT.
26
A. JIHHROJlbH
(f>omoa-pa�u.c,
;u,pyr.He roBOPHT, HO- rrycTh TPYMT'CH Bce! )];a, Bce aa pa6oTy! Berep no
,n;yJI!» 43,- BOCRJIHD;aJI B T-Oll me pe1I.H BeJI.HR.H:Ü cl>paHn;y3CR.H:.Èi 'IIOOT-,n;e.MoKpaT.
PeBOJIIOu;HOHHhle icoÔhlTIJUI 1859-1860 rOAOB B 11:Tamm: oT:KJPhIJm noJiocy
OOJihilllIX HaIJ;IIOHaJihH0-0CB000Al!T0JlbHhlX II peBOJIIO�OHHO-,Il;0.MO•KpaTH1I8CK.HX
;r:i;BHmeamir, rro11paüaBmux EBpony .II MHP na npoTHmen'BJH BCex 60-x ro,n;o'B.
3;r:i;ecb AOCTa'T0
, 1IHO XOTJI 6LI HaIIOMH.HTl, Bamneimnce Ha aTHX ,ll;BHmeHII:.Èi B
roi xpoHOJlûflI"tJe,c1mii 'IlOCJie;u,œaT0JlbHOC'I!.H, KaK 'O'H!H paaBHBaiJHICb.
rpamA8HCR8JI BOiiHa B ,rr,tmaope 1861 r., IIOCJie 11a6pa.HHH ABpaaMa JlIIHB CillA
KOJibHa 11peaH,n;eHTOM Coe,n;HHeHHhlX illTaTOB, BblillJIH
Ha Coro3a ceMh paooBJia;r:i;eJI1>1IeCKHX mTa-TOB. M.a:T·em, no,n;H.HTLIH pa60B.11a;r:i;eJI1>1IecKHM IOroM, IIOJIOiRHJI HatiaJio HeIIpHMHpHMoi, mRecT011enuo:i rpam,n;ancKon
BOBHe Ha npO'THmeH.HH IlHTH JieT, C 1861 110 1865 ro,n;, paa,n;IIpaBmei Coe;u,HHeH
Hhie fil TaTh! H ;r:i;epmaBme:ë: Hecb Mlip B HaIIpHiReHH0M BHIIMaHHR 44•
B 1859 rop;y B 10ro-BooT01.J:Hoi EBpo11e aaRepDJWic.JI
Ha�OH8JlbHO•
npo,n;oJima-BmHicH ,n;oJirHe ro;u,hl npoo;ecc coa,n;aHHa
OCB060AJITeJILH8JI
eW{HO.ro PyMLIHCKOro rocy)l.apcTBa. lia,u;aBHa CB.Sl3aH
6opb6a H8POAOB
Hhle KpOBHhlM po;r:i;cTBOM, ·HO lfCKYCCTBeHH-0 pa3'b0]];H
Bam<aucxoro
H0HHhle MoJI,n;a:1mH H BaJiaxHH o6'Le�HHJI11c1> B e.n;n
DOJl'YOC1'p0B8
noe cyBepeHHoe rocy,n;apcTBo - PyMhl'HHIO. Coa;r:i;aHHe
neaaBHCHMOro PyMhlHCRoro roc_y,:i;apCTBa CTaJIO B,lI,OXHOBJIHIOIIVIM npHMepo.M )1,JIH
Hapo,rr,oB EaJIKaHCKoro noeyocrpoBa - 60Jirap, cep6oB, 11epnoropn;eB, repn;ero
BHHD;eB H ;u,pyrHX, TOMIIBIDHX·CH no� Typeo;KlIM rHeroM. B 60-x ro;u,ax OCBOOO;rJ;H
TeJibHaH 6opwa CJla' BHHCKHX Hapo,J;OB IlpüT1fB Typen;Koro rOCTIO�CTBa ·pe3RO
yc11JIHJiac1>. BMp;arom;:e:iicH 6oJirapcnII:.Èi peBOJIIOD;.HOHep feopr11ii PaxoBCRHii
,IJ;Bamp;hl IlhlTaJICH IIO)];HHTb BOOCTaH.He Illl)OT:W.S Typen;Roro .BJia)];hl1IOOTBa. 11:x ifre
y,n;aqa He CJIOMHJia BOJIH 6oJirapcRoro napoAa '.K ocB06o�eH'.HIO. IlaTp.HOThl, p;,e
{Ml():KpaTLI-pocnyoJIHRaHI\hI BacHJI JleBCKHii H JII06en Rap.a:BeJIOB CTaJIH C03)l;a
BaTb B CTpa'He TaHHhie peBOJIIO�OH'Hhle KOMHT-eThl, npll'-3BaHHhle 'BOl3'fJiaB.HTb oc
BO'Ôü,lI,.HTeJil>HYIO 6op1>6y 6mirap,ciroro Hapo.zi;a.
B nOJiyBaoca.JI1>Hoir OepoHH B 1862 r. B BeJirp�e npo11aornn•o BoopymeH'Hüe
CTOJIIQBlOBBHH•e -Me.m.AY cep6aMH II TypKaMH. En:w panee, B 1861 r., Hal!aJIOCb
BOOCTmrne repn;eroBHHIJ;eB IlfPOTHB Tyipen;Roro meTa. B 1862 r. repn;eroBHHo;en
no.n;.n;epmHBaJI.H l.lepHoropu;bl. BaHBmIIecH aa opymHe -CJiaBHHCKHe napo;u,hl ne
CMOfJIH ,IJ;OCTII1Ib Tor,n;a IIOJIHOro OCBOÔom,n;eHHH 0T TYJ)en;Koro meTa, 'HO BJiaCTb
fiopThl Ha,IJ; CJiaBH'HCRH'M:ll Hapo,n;aMH CTa'HOBIIJiaCb BC0 CJiaOee 45•
B HHBape 1863 I'OAa Ha1IaJIOC1> Booc-TaHHe B Ilo.111:,
IloncRoe BOCCTaHBe me 46• Ero noW()TOBKa naxo�Jiaci:J B 11p.a:Mo:ë: CBH3H c
1863 r.
HapacTaH.HeM peBOJIIOD;IIOHHO.ii CHTya:n;.HII B PœcIIH H
IloJI1>me. Bom� noJibCfü)rO Hao;110Ha.1HHo-peBOJIIOIJ;HOHHoro rom,«eWJill croRa
PHBaJIHCb C pyccKHMH peBO.J:IOIJ;HOHHhlMH rpynIIaMH - ·«3eMJieii H BOJie:Ü»' H3.u;a·TeJI HMH <<ROJIOROJia>> B JloH;rJ;OHe; BOCCTaHIIH OiRII)l,aJIH, .H BCe me, ROI'M B
R01Ih Ha 23 HHBaipH Ha.u; IIOJibCKHMH ropo,n;aMH II ceJiaMII rrpo3ByqaJI Ha6aT BOC
CTa'lI'IUI,- 'BCH EBpona 61,ma noT11rnceHa.
MapRc II 8HTeJihC BhicTynHJIH B 3am;IITY BOCCTaBme:ë: IloJihmH. Anrm1ircR11e·
H <l>Pa1I11.y3CRHe pa601IHe 3aHBHJIH O CBoeir coIDI.u;apHOCTH C IJIOJlbC'K.HM Hapo,D.OIM,
43 B. f IO rO. fapiroa.�h,J;lI. Coll., T. 15, CT'p. 3415, '5'51.
44 A. B. E q> HM o B. Ü1Iep1m JicTOpne: CIDA. M., 1955; ,[(. 3 ac JI ,a Bc K n ü:. fpam
]laHcKaH BoiîHa » CIDA. JI., 1926; Y. Cl> oc Te p. O1IepK no;i:nrn"IecKoii H C'Iopn.e: AMepHKB,
rJI. 17; e r o me. HerpHTI:IHCRHii napo,n; B e:cTopH H AMepmm, nep. c aHrJI. M., 1955.
45 IB. H .a T ,a H. Bo.wapcKoe Boapom;:i;ene:e, nep. c 6oJir. M 1940; ,n. Roc e B. Hoî!eH
.,
HcropHH BoMape:H, nep. c 6o:IT. M., 1952; IIcropHH BoJirnp1111, T. 1. M., 1954; CneToaap·
M a pK o B n ll. lfa6p. OO'l. M., 1956; A. A. II o r o ,n; H H. Hcropm1 Cep6HH. CII6., 1004.
-46 C. M. Jl p a H JI Il, II H. IlO;JbCKOe BOCCToaHHe 1m3 r. H ero IDiaCCOIWUI cylll,HOCTh.
Jl. , 1937; II. M. Be .lI H Bc K a I:I. A. II. feMeH H noJibCK0e HaI�HORaJILHO-OCBo6o,n;ure.JI1>Hoe
Boccrn•mie 60-x rr. XIX B. M., 19.54; IO. Ko Ba JI 1,c IR H ü:. Pycerui.a peoo.rrro�oHHa.H ,n;e
M.Ol(IJ)aTHH e: HRBap-cRoe BOCCTaHne 1863 r., ne-p. c U0JILCK. M., 1953; IIcropBH Ilo;u.mR ,..
T. 2, rn. 13, 14. M., 1955.
28
6op:nm;HMCJI aa CBOe OCB000'1<,I\0HHe. Jlyqmue JIIOp;H PocmrH B �H iH0CTOKOB
.KpoBa•BOH 6opi.6LI npoTH'HYJIH PYHY 6paTCKo:ë: p;pym6hl rroJibCKOMY aapo]];y. «Mhl
c Iloin,me:ë:, noroMY qro Mhl aa Poccruo. MbI co cTopoH.hl IIOJIHKOB nOToMy, 1ITO
M.LI ·pycc,RHe. MLI XOTHM •aeaaB:u:e:u:MOCTH IloJI1>me, uoroMy 1ITO Mhl XOTH·M cBo6o
� Pocc:n:u•,- aaHBJIJIJia npOKJiaMaqBH py-ccKoro TaHHOI'O peBOJIIOqHOHHOro o6�8CTBa «3eMJIJI 'H BOJIJlt 47•
Il<>JIHKH
no6e>IQ:teHhl, ao BOCCTamrn, ·BonhlxHyBrnee B ceipAD;eBHHe
E�, oRaaâJio OIJPOM'Hoe Bmumne Ha p;eM0Kparn1Iec100e n paooqee p;BH
m0'Hlle Bcero ROHTHHeHTa.
B 1864 u 1866 ro�ax B qeHTpe EBpoilhI paapa•3HJIHCL
DpyccKBe aolaw
AJi0
BOÜHhl: ABCTplIH lI IlpyCCHH IIpOTIIB J);aHKH, H
1864 B 1866 l'OAOB
aaTeM, qepea I'OA, Ilpyccnrr H liTaJIHlI t1IpoTHB ABCTpHH. 3TB! ·HeIIpoAOJiiHHT0JILHLie, HO KpüBO.IIpüJilI'THhle BOHHhI, IIO,IU'()TOBJieHHhle
TaÎÎHhIMH illpoHCKaMH 611cMapKOBCKOii JJ)LIIJIOMaTHH, IIO CBOeMy xapaKTepy H IIO
CBOlflM u;eJIJJM 6LIJIH TJiy(iOiro 'lfY'K,Wil ,n;eMOKpaTII1!0CKOMy ,ll;'BJDReIIHIO. H BCe me,
HOOMOTJ)H Ha TO, 1ITO 3TH BOHHhl HMeJill CBOHM peayJibTaTOM yc.HJieHHe rorean;oJI
JiepHOBCKO:ii IlpyccHH, 1ITO OHH 6hIJIII JIIDIIb 3BeHbHMH 6ncMapKOBCKOË: Il()JIHTH
KH «meJieaa H Iqp<>BH»' 00".be:KTIIBHO, 'ITO CBOe�1y llCTOpHqecKOMY co,n;epma·HHIO
OHK OLIJIH ôypmyaaao-HaqHOHaJibHhIM ABHmeHHeM; 3TO 6LIJIH, KaK IIHCaJI
B. .H. Jl01ma, «cy,Aoponn ocBo6om,n;arom;eroca OT pa3HhIX B'llJJ;OB q>e,o,n;aJIH3'Ma
6ypmya:anoro o6m;e'cTBa 48.
Ha ]l;pyroM KOHn;e 3eMHoro m31Pa, n HoBoM cBeTe, 11
0cBo6o�au
MeKOH·Ke, aa npoTamemrn: IIH•rn mrr Me:KC11KaHcK1H:ë:
BO.BIia
H
MeRCBRaucxoro aapo11;a • apo,n; no,n; pyRIC>Bo,n;cTBOM Benwro Xyapeea BeJI repo.H1100Kyro OC'B060JJ;H·Te.'IhHYIO BOËmy Ilpü'illlB q>paHqya
CKHX HHTepBeHTOB, ORRYITHpOBaBIIlHX CTpaHy.
Ilo6eM M0KCll.KaHCKOI'O aaporoi Ha,ll; <J>paaqyaCKIIMII aa,BOeBaTeJIHMH, BOCCTa
HOBJieIDie pe-cny6J111Ka:HCKOii BJiaern: B CTpaae 6WI11 BOCIIPIIHH-TLI nep ep;OBHMH
JIIOÀDMH EBpOnLI KaR TOPiKOOTBO crrpa.Be,IJ;JIHBOCTH, KOTOpoe B03Bem;aJI em;e B
TPYAHYIO ,IJ;JUI CBOOOW,I MeRCHKH nopy, B 1863 ro,n;y, BHKTOp rroro 49•
B HIOJie 1866 roAa HaqaJIOCb BOCCTaHHe rraTpHOTOB
BocCTae:ae
œTpoBa KpHT npoTIIB Typen;KHX yrHeTaTeJie:ë:. Bce
aa OCTP()Be KpaT
_ �Y 3a CBOIO
HaCeJieHHe OCTpOBa IIOA.HHJIOCb Ha 00P.l>U
-CBOOOAY· B ceaT.aope Ha�oHaJioHoe co6paa:e:e Cq>aKHH rrpoBo3rJiac11Jio aeaaB11CR.MOCT1> KpHTa H aepaapLIBHOCTI> ya ero coro3a c fpen;11eii. ÜcBooowrTeJibHaH
6opli6a HapOM Kp11Ta BCTl)eTHJia ,ropHTiee C01IJBCTBHe eBporreiicKoii ,n;eMOKpa
THK. rIOCTaB Cl>JIYPaHC, copaTHlIK BJiaHRlI, «phln;ap b 6ea CTpaxa JI ynpeKat
q> paHIJJ78CROro peB0JIIO�OHH0ro ,Il,B.HiKeHHH, 01inpaBH�CJI Ha Rpll!T cpamarrLCH
aa npaœoe ,ll;eJI'O noBCTa'HqeiIJ. IIepe,::i;oBbI1e paooqne E-Bporrhr II A1Me.pH!RH ropaqo
no,zmepmanu repoHTiecRyro 6op1>6y aapo�a Rpnra 50.
B 1867 ro,n;y B IIpJiaH,IOIH '6orJI pacKpbIT aaroBop q>e3ar.OBOP ·4JeBBeB.
a11eB - Taimoü peBOJI:IOII;11IOHHOÜ opraHHsan;:e:u uaT
BopL6a
pIIOTOB, CTpeM1nnnnxca rryTeM ooopymeHHOÜ 6op1>6LI
apaaB,?J;cKoro aapo�a
,D;OOIIThCH OCBOOO?RneHHH CBOeÜ tpü-,ll;Il'HLI OT 6pHTaH
sa CBOOOAY
CROro BJiap;.hlqecTBa. AnrJIILÜ:CKHe BJiaCTH oôpymHJIH
B Be3a.BBCBIIOCTL
1111POTHB
mp:1aH ,n;cRoro Hapo,[(a rpa]]; pel11Pecc'Hii. Ho
!p0H'H)H upo,n;oJI.maJJH 6opooy. Hx MymeCTBeHHhie YCHJIHH BCTp011aJill lICRpeHHee
CO-qy'BCTB'll0 MapKca H 9ureJioCa, JiyqIITHX JIIOp;eü eBporreüc1mü ,n;eMOKpaTHH.
olilJIB:
•rA. Tr
.n. f e p � 8 H. Coq,, T. 8, CTp. 30.
48 B. If. JI en -:e: n. IIo,zc qy.min.t: qmarolf. Coq., T. 21, CTp. 127.
49 B. r IO r o. Co11., T. 15, crp. 389. CM. o6 3THX COOLITIUIX r. II a p R C. If.CTOpHH MeK
CHIŒ, nep. c aBrJI. M., 1949; E. Gru e n i n g. Mexico and its heritage. New Yo rk -
London, 1930.
50
1. B a 1 I o t. Hi-stoire de l'insurrection crétoise. Paris, 1868. E. D r i a u 1t et
M. L h e rit i e r. Histoire dip lomatique de la Grèce , t. 3. Paris, 1925.
29
Ma/l)Kc •ITOAtJepRHBa.rr, tJTo ,J/IH aHr.;:miic1wro 1pa6o'l!ero 1-macca <<HalfUOH,a,.11,bHoe
oceo60:JJCiJe11,ue Jlp.11,a11,8uu RB.llRerc.R... nepebl.M yc.11,oeue.M ezo co6cree11,11,ozo
COZfua.11,b11,oz.'J oceo60;}!(:é)e11,uR... >> s1•
B 1868 ro,n;y Ha11aJiac1, ocBOOO,lUITeJn,Ha.H BOHHa Ky
0CB060�TeJibH811
oIIHCRoro Hapo,n;a IlpüTHB H<maHCKOro BJia,ll,blqecTBa.
6opb6a
8ra BOHHa paCTHHyJiaCb aa �eJioe A0CHTHneTHe H se
Hapo�a Ry6bI
npHHecJia Hapo;i;y Ry6hI .meJiaHHoü coo60AL1: Mcna
HHH IlO,r(aBJUIJia orpOMH:bL\f npeBOCXO�CTBOM C.BOHX CllJI. Ho My,RecTB-O H OTBara
Hapo,21;a Ry6hl, rro,n;mrnrn·e:r-ocH na 6op1:>6y aa CBOIO cBooo;zy, BhI3BaJIH 'Bocmm;e
me /II C<OlfYBCTB,ue ,B,CBX IC'TOlpOHHllIWB rrporpeoca il ,I(eM10Rp8.'TlIIH BO BCJe'M Mnpe.
B o6pam;eHIDI «I{ iIŒHiqHHaM R'.y6bI>) BlIKTOp froro B 1870 ro;i.y IlHCaJI:
«.H 6y,n;y IX)BûpHrh B 3am;IITy Ry6L1... Barna repo:o:qec.K.:ur PDA'IIJia .6yp;eT BOa:Har
pam,n;ena 3a -CBOIO Ch'X>I)'Ob, Ol"OJib.RO RpoBH H-0 6y,Il,eT Upü.J1IHTO H.aUipaicHo,- H8,CTa
H0T Jl0'Hb, ROrAa rnpe.KpacHaH Hyôa, CJB�8JI H HeaaiBHC-HMaH, ·3a:ii·MeT MOCT0
cpe,IUI CBOHX 611aropo�HhIX cecTep, pecny6JIB'.K AMepHKH» 52•
B ceHTHÔpe 1868 ro,n;a BCilhIXHy-Jia peB0JII9�llH B Rc
PeBoJ1I01�1u1
rraHHH. ÜHa HaqaJiaiCb C BOCCTaBHR Mop.8KOB B Ha,n.H
B HcnaRHB
ce, B Teq-eHHe H0CKOJibKHX W{ei pa3J1Hnac1, no B-CeË:
cTpaae., cBeprJia c rrpecTona xopoJieBy .Haa6enJiy II H aacTaBBna ee 6emaTb H3
crpaau.
Me;v.reHHbie Te.Mrrbl BnOHOMH1Iec1rnro pa3BHTHH crpaHli[, OTHOCHTeJihHM cJia6ocn, H'.CilallCKOro IIp-OJierapHaTa o6yCJIOBIIJIII 6ypmyaaHLIH xapaKTep H 8TOR,
nHToii no c11eTy, ncnaHc.Koii peB0.1IIOU1llI. Oaa ipacTHHyJiac1, ua ipa;o; neT 11 He
pa8'pemn:Jia cToHm;nx rrepe.n; Hero aap;atr. TeM. ae Mmiee aTa peBOJIIOD;HH; conep
lilHBma.JI.c.a R �OH H3 CTapeiimHX MOHa-p-Xlfii- �' e 'llepB'LIX CBOHX ,IJ;Be:Ü
OiliJ)01n1,ayBma.g KopoJieBCI<Hii tpoH, nipo11aBena 6oJI1,moe BIIe1IaTJiem1e na co
BfPeMeH'HHKOB. OcoôeHHO cn:II>HO ÔhIJIO ee B03�e:Ü:CTBHe Ra YMhI K cep�n;a no TY
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Co11., T. XXVI, crp. 51.
52 B. r ro ro. CCYtI., T. 15, cTp. 447; c.M. TaKme B. M. M K po 1lI e Rex n ü. OcBooo,n;u
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30
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31
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BhlABHraBIIIHe Ha rrepBhIÎÎ IlJlaJI yairo 3ROJIOMil:l1IecKHe .aa�aqJJ. Ho caMB Tpe6o
BaHJIH 2RH3HH, JIOrIIRa RJiaCC-OBOH OOpWhl 3a.CT8.BBJIB aHrJIHÎÎCRHe Tpe)I;-IOHHOHhl
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pa6ot1ux opraHn:aan;u:ü 56. PHÂ paooqHx rrpocpeccnoHaJILHhIX co10aoB BOSHB.R B
60-x r-o}J.ax B BeJihrHH.
5• R. M a p R c. }'qpe,n;:e:Te.'IbHLlll MamupecT MeamyHapO,z:{BOrO ro:eapmn;ecTBa paooq11x.
K M a p K c H <D. 9 H r e .i: b c. Coq., T. 16, CTJ). 7.
55 S. and B. W e b b. History of trade-unionism. London, 1920; M. B e p. Hcrop11H
coqRaJ1H8111rn B AHrJIH:e:, T. 1-2, M., 1923; JI. M o p T o H, ,l{m. T e i T. :HCTOpa:H aH,l'JIKi
cKoro pa6oqero �BnmeHWI. M., 1959.
56 3. A. iR e JI y 6 o B c Ra a. Y·Kaa. coll.; <l>. B. II o Te M K H H. YKaa. coll., Du ve au.
Op. cit.; II. JI y D. Hcrop1rn c:e:�11-Ka;u,Horo �IDReHHH BO <l>�H, T. 1. M., 19'.?l>;
P. L oui s. Le sort de l'ouvrier français sous le Seco nd Empire. «Revue politique et
parlementaire>>, décembre, 1946.
Iloaomeuue
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s11ca. Hart;110HaJihHLl:Ü: ipaootfllii COI03 û6'I>eW!'HilIJI 'ORO:IO 60 rrpo<peoc110HaJibHI,IX
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,D;IIJIII H nerphl. Han;11ona.JihHhl.ÏI pa6011·11ii coroa B CIIIA ycTaHOBHJI ,n;pymecrBeH
Hhle OTHOmeHHJI c I HHTepnau;110HaJIOM II B ero p.H;:I_ax 61,1JI0 HeMaJio JIIO,n;eii, cy
MeBm11x on;eHHTL BeJ111KOe 3HaqeHHe Tpy;r,oB MapKca H 8HreJibCa 59.
06pa13oaaa11e II paaBHTHe ·rrpoqJeccnoHaJihHhIX opraHIIPocT
3an;11ii paooqero RJiac.ca noBceMecrao conpoBom;z:i;a
sa6aCTOBO'IIIOB 6opb0111
JJ.OCh YCHJI0Hlle:M ero aa6aCTOBOqHOH 6op1,61u.
npOJie-rapHaTa
B AHrJIIIH B HallaJie 50-x ro,rr,oB, oco6eHHO B 1853,
3a T- eM Bo B!P8MJI aKOHOM.HqecKoro �p11snca 1857 ro)];a II B noc.rre�yrom;ne roIU>I
pa6,oq11e npoBeJI11 ipH,n; 6oeB1>1x BhicryrrJienH:n. BacToBamr yrJieJWIIhl,
TKalflf, IllpH,l:(HJibm;.HRlH, CTpOH'f0JIII Il T. II. Oco6eHHO 6oJlbIDOe 3HRlfe'Hlle nMeJI-a
cTaq1m JIOH,IJ;oHcK11x paooq11x-cTpo11reJieiî B 1859 roll;y, Ha Koropyro rrpe�rrp111
57 A. E e 6 e JI I.. }fa Moeii iKH3HB. M., 1�; <D. Me p rr H r. IfoTOpmi: rep.MaHcKoii
con;irn;:r-.n; eMoKpanrn, T. 2. 3. M.• 1923 r.; K. H. Lei digk e i t. \V. Liebkne cht und A. Be
bel in der deutschen Arbeiter bewegung. Ber lin, 1957; K. Fu gger. Geschichte der deu t
schen Gewerkschaftsbewegung. Berlin, 1949.
58 L.
Br ü g el. Geschichte der osterreichischen Sozialdemokratie, Bd. I. Wien, 1922;
Jforopmi: t:Jexoc:ioBaKHB, T. 2. M., 19'59.
5" <D. A. 3 op r e. P.a6o11-ee ;,;Bnmemrn B CoeJJ;rrmmm,1x illTarox, rrep. c HeM. CIIô.,
1907; 3. B n: M 6 a. HcTopmI aMep111rnHcKoro pa6011ero R.1acca, rrep. c aHrJI. M., 1930;
<D. <Do H e p. Mcrop11s paoo11ero JJ;BIImemur B CIDA, rrep. c aHr:I. M., 1949.
3 IIapnmcHaff HOMMyea, T. 1
33
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cppaau;ys-cRHX paOOllIIX npIIHHJia oco6eHHO mn:po1rn:ii pa.3Max, 'ÜXB3.'TlIB BamBe:ë:
rrnrn 1IIpüMhIIIIJI0HHhle paiiOHhl crpaHLI. ]1,JI,H no�asrremu1 .aa6éllCTOBKII r,opBHRO:B
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6hlJIO np.H:Me,HeHO li IlpüTIIB 6aicroBaBIUHX B Ha'tJaJie 1870 l'OM pa601111x BOeHHhlX
aaBOJ:J;OB Kpeioo; cTaqRa B Rpeao ,IIIMeJia aHTBOOHanapTn:cre1u1ii xapaKTep 61•
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HaK -IIOJIHTHTieCRHe �eMOHCTpan;HH, HapOAHLie MHTHHTH, oo6paHIDI, MaœOBLie
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60 A. JI. Mo p Ton, .[(m. T e i T. 'Y1ta3. CO'IJ.., CTp. 159.
61 OM. r,'I. II nacrom:�ero ll3,IJ;aHlUI.
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B Poœirn, 1001-1894-. M., 1957.
63 B. Il. . e H H H. A.a:r.rniîcKHe crropbl O :.nrôepa;J:bBO:ÏI pa6o11eii llOJIHUIKe. Coq.,
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CTp. 42.0-426; <I>. A. p O Tm T e li H. QqepKH no Hcrop:e.:e: pa6o11ero )J;BH>R0HHJl B AHr.1HH.
M., 1925.
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opraHHaan;HH; q>paan;yacK:e:e ceKI(lilI I liHTepH�HOHaJia CTaJIH OAHHM Ha Ha
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36
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B 1868 r. npaB:e:TeJibcTBO paspemnJio rrpoBe,n;enne ny6JI1:1qnhlx co6paHn:ü ne ua
IIOJIHTllqec�He TBMhl ( Ha npaKTHRe oro orpaHH4eHHe 6hlJIO TYT .me or6porneHO
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peftxeT.ara BB0,ll;81HIH:0 BCeo6III;ero H3ŒI'paTeJibHOfO upa.Ba 6hUIO npe,n;IlpmHl'TO
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HH TeM 6oJiee pa6otIIIX .113,IJ,aTeJibCTB, KOTOpLie MOrJIII Ôhl HecTH B pa60"'IYJO cpe
'll.Y icJiœo IIX BeJI1H.KiHX yrrHTe:re:ü. MaipRcy !H 3HreJII>CY IFJlHXO)];llJIOCh neqaTaTh
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Jiac1> Ka:K cep11H cTaTeft B aMepuKaHCI{oii ra3eTe «New York Daily Tribune».
HMeBmaH TaKoe orpOMHOe 3H3l!0HHe AJIH TeOpHH HayqHoro CO�HaJIH3Ma pa6oTa Mapm:�a <<18 6proMepa JlyH BoHarrapTa» ÔhlJia HarreqaTa.Ha B CillA B «He
nepHOAJ140CKOM mypHane>> MocH<pa Be:üp;eMeiiepa «Die Revolution,, npneM
H3--'.3a He;J;OOTaTKa cpe,u,crB Be:ii,u;eMeiiep He CMOr BhIKYTIHTh THpam y BJiap;eJ11,u;a
T!HIIorpa<f>mr. B EBporry norraJio Jfillill.b 'RecKOJILKO 9K3eMIIJH1ipOB. &ropoe H3,n;a
HHe y'lI,aJIOC.b BhIIIYCTHTh TOJihRO B 1869 r(),Ily, a Repe.BOOTH pa6ocy Ha q>paH
u;y.acKHH H3.hIK - Jlllillb B 1891 ro,n;y.
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6hIJIH O)l;HOH H3 q>OpM 6opi.6LI, KOTopyro BeJia 6 ypmya3HH npOTHB MapKca
11 ero peBOJIIOD;HOHHoro yqeHJIH. BypmyasHaH Hayxa, He 6y,D;Y"IJH B CHJiax
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38
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H KpoB11». JlaccaJII,HHcTBO �eaopneHTHpOBaJio r01pMaHcKoe pa6o'llee �:e:meHHO,
IIhlTaJIOCL CORTL ero C peBOJI.IOIJ;ROHHhlX rrpoJieTa-pCRRX II03HIJ,1I:Ü: 70•
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pe.BOJIIO�HOHHbIX Tpa;u,:nn;Kë: 11apTK8Ma. Ero OTKa3 OT peBOJIIOn;HOHHhlX CP0ACTB
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M. A. BaKy1u1Ha, •rJiyooKo Bpam,n;OOHhIÜ MapKüoBy yq1eHnro o KJiacooJJoü 6op1,6e
H AHKT8Type rrpoJieTapB:aTa, 6bIJI HAeo,rrorn,e:iî (<B'308CHBmeroc.H MMKOro 6yp
mya )) , paaopeHHOro KOHKypeun;neü KpynHoro npOH3BOACTBa H C OTlJa.HHBJI
H aJ1061,1 npocJiaBJIHBmero CTHXHHHhlH 6yHT. He cJiyqa:ë:no BaKyHHH HameJI
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69 B. II. Bo JI ru H. lloJI:e.TB'IIOOK:e.e u coqHa.1:ië>HJ,Ie u,ri;eH B.rr,anR'H. Bccyn. CTe.'ILH
npo11aBe.n;emrn:. M., 1952; R. Gar au d y. Les sources fran
çaises du socialisme scientifique. Paris, 1948.
70 A. R. BO pO 6 b e B a. Ha HCTOp1m pa6o11ero )J;BHIB0HHJI B repMaBHB B 6opL6LI
M.apKca H, 3HreJI.bOO IIIJ)OTB.B JiacœJUI u .rracc.aJib.Sl'HqeB B 1862-1�4 rr. B KB.: «Ha HCTO
pmr 6opbfü,1 MapKca H 3nre.'!Jhca aa rrpoJieTapcKyIO napTHIO». M., 1956, CTp. 246-360.
K KB. JI. O. B JI a BK H. Ra6p.
39
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pOJih MeJnwro npüH3BO,lWTBa 71.
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BJia')];10HJ!le UC,IT'.HJHO.H lI o6JiaAaH:ae IIOj],JllfHirO cnae1neJib'HhIMlll pen,errTaMH COil,H
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HOiCTH nerrpOJŒTapCKOH MeJIKo6ypmyaanoii a 6ypmya'3HOH .H,n;eoJIOrJUI, em:e OlŒ3hlBaBmeÏI BJIUHHIIe Ha pa6otIIIH KJiacc, na pa6011ee ,D;BHmeHHe. Map:KcnaM AOJI
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n;HoHHoro ABIIIB0HHH. MapKC H 8nre�hC ûTP,a.BaJIII MHOro aaeprHR co6HpaHHIO
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IQifTY BüOCTaBme:ii IIom,mH.
Ca.Ma ïIDL3Hh Terrepb Tpe6oBa.Jrn, lfTOOhl npoJ.CeTapHH Bcex crpan o6'heAHHH
JIIlCb. 28 COOITH6p.H 1864 ro;:i,a B JlOHAOHe IlOCJ.Ce npe,n;:sapHT0JILHLIX eorJ.CaooBaH
HhlX ,n;eiÎCTBHii pyROBO,IJ;HTeJieii aHrJIRHCKOfO H cppan:n,yacKoro pa6oqero ABRiKe
HHH cocToHJICH 60JI1,mo.n Memp;yHapo,u;n1,1ii: pa6oq}{H MHTHHr. B HeM npHHHJIH
y1JaCTHe aHrJIHlJaHe, <ppann;yahI, H0Mil,hl, TIOJIHIŒ, HTanLHBD;bI, mBeiin;apn;hl.
8TOT HCTOpH'IeCRHil MHTHHr B CeHT-MaipTHHC-XOJIJie B JloH,l(OH0 IIOJIOinHJI Ha1Ia
JIO I MHTepnan;IIoHaJiy.
Co3,n;a.HHe MemAyaapoµ.Hor-o TOBap11mecTBa pa601IHx oTBe4aJio TpeooBaHHHM
iRlI3HH, aa)J.a1IaM, BCTa"BillllM rrepe,TI; pa001IllM RJJaCCOM na ll,OCTHrHyTOM HMB
ypoB'He pa3B'HTHH.
K. MapRc. Mmnn,ie pacKo.i:1,1 B l1HTepm1u;noHa.i:e. R. Me.p.Kc H <I>. Bn,re.111,c.
Coq., T. XIII, -ci. 2; <1>. 3nrem,c - T. Hyno, 24 JIHBapn 1872 r. R. Ma pK c H <I>. 8 II r e JI 1> c.
C01:1., T. X..XVl; K Ma pK c H <1>. 3 H r e JI b c. A..i:Mrnc COI(Ha.rrucTe:11ecROH .n;eMORpa
nm H Memp;yHapo,:i;Hoe roBapiun;ecTBO pa6o�nx; K Ma p K c H (])_ 3 H r e ;i h {'.. Co11.,
T. XIII, 11. 2.
12 B. M. JI e H H H. Tpn Hcroqem<a II TPH <:ocr.aBHhlX qacTH M.a.pKCB3lrn. Coq., T. 19,
CTJ). 3.
71
40
</J. 3HI'EJlbC
MnTHHr B CeaT-Mapu1uc-xo.m1e rrpoxo;:i,nJI no,J, npe;1,ceAareJn,crBoM npoq>ec
copa Jlœ,n;ouc«oro yHHBepcnrera 8):lyap�a Bn3JIH. Ilpe,m1omeHHe o 003MHBII
Mem,nyaapo)l;iroro o6'Le)l;•Hil:IeHHH BHOCJIH OT aJif;JHHCKHX paooq.Hx O,n;mep :'.H OT
cppaHIJ;Y3CKIIX ipaooqux ToJieH. ):(JI.JI pyROBO)];CTBa 6y.n;yrqeii opraHII3aJ�He:ii, BhI
paÔOTKH rrporpaMMHhIX u ycTaBHhlx �oKylrnHTOB OhlJI irn6paH CoBeT, B KOTO
phli BOIDJlll npeACTaB'.HTeJIH aar.TIHHCKHX, cppaHn;yacKHX, HeMeD;KHX, aMepH
KaHCKHX, HTaJILH-HCRHX, IIOJibCK'HX, mBe:iî:n;apcRIIX pa6oqHx. IIpe.n;cTaBHTeJl'eM OT
HeMen;RHX peBOJIIOrt;BOHepoB BomeJI RapJI MapKc.
BhlpameuueM 11puaaaHHH aBropHrera MapRca ÔhIJIO ,ïJ.aHHoe eMy nopyqe
HHe COCTaBIITI> OCHOBHhle IIporpaMMHhie ,J,ORY)feHTbl Mem.n;yHapo.n;Horo TOBapn
rqecTBa 1pa6ol111Ix - Ytipe";IHTe.:IhH1>1ii ltaHncpecr II ycra'B. Map:nc 'nocretneHHO
CTaJI lpaKT'H"l!0CRHM pyK-OIBO;cHTeJieM Mem�yHapo,:J;HOH npOJierapc,KOH opraHima
rvm. «Hu ,II;JUI Koro yme He 6bl.JI•O -r,aÜHOH, RTO HB.îHeTC-H peiRH·COepoM>>, - BCilO
Mll'HaJI noa,IVIee IloJI1, Jlaq,apr o 1poJ1II Map:nca B MHTepRaI(HoHaJrn, ,n;o6aBJIJUI
rrp:a 8TOM, --ITO «caM MapRC ,n;ep.ilrnJICH B TeHII, Bbl.Il;BIIra.H Brrepe)]; ,n;pyrHX>) 73•
IlporpaMMHhIÜ ,n;o.KyMenr I lIHrepHa:r:i;HOHa.Jia - Yqpe.:i;HTeJibHbIH MaHH
q>�T - aa1rnwurnaJICH TeM me JIO3yHrOM, 'ITO li <<ROMMYIUICTIPIOOKHH MaHlI
cpecT»: <<IlpoJieTap11:e: Be-ex crpaH, coe,,J,IIHHiiTech! >> 8ritM 110.:i;qepRHBaJiac1, ïRH3HeHHaH CHJia aToro JIO3yHra H HCTOpHqecKaH npeeMCTBeHHOCTb Mem.a.y rrepBO:Ü
Memµ;yuapO,ll.HO:Ü: npoJieTapcRO:Ü: opraHH3an;:aeii - CoI030M ROMMYHHCTOB Il
Mem)U7HapO,ll.HhIM TOBapH:c:qecTBOM pa6otIHX.
O.:i;aaKo B oT;c:aqHe OT Co103a RO.MMYHIICTOB I llaTep
Bop1t6a 11apKCB3Ma
na�ona:i He 61,m 06'be;:i;nne1rn:,m.1 ROIMl\fYIDICTOB.
38 �eii:eyio rereMOBBIO
B ero COCTaB BOlli;JH paooqHe pa3JIH'IHhIX IIOJIBTlPie
B lleZAYB8poAOOM
CRlIX B3fJIH�OB - H rrpH;a;epmHBaIOin;HeC.R: rrpy,ll.OHHCT
pa6oqe11 �eBBB
CRHX ooaapeanii, H 3apameHHbrn rrpe·;a;paccy,ll;IŒMH Jiac
caJibHHcrna, H y6em;:,.eHHble CTüpOHHIIIRH orpaHlPieHHbIX n;eJieH rpe,:::J;-IOHHOHH8Ma.
PaôoTaH aa;:,. rrporpaMMO:iî Harepaan;H-oaaJia - Y11pe,ri;HreJihHhIM Ma.a:e:q,ec
roM, MapR-C ClIIITaJI,CH c peaJibHhIM COCTDHHIIeM .Mem.a.yaapo,µ,HOJ\O pa6o,qero ,IJ;BH
meHHH. ÛTKaaaTbCH OT COTpy,rvmqecTBa C TeMH lIJIH IIHbIMII pa6o'IHMH IIOTOMY,
qro OllH erqe He OCBOOO)J,IIJIHCI, OT nepemHTROB )leJIRooypmyasaoii n,u,e-OJIOfD.1! II
He ,ll.OpOCJIH ,ll.O nayqHoro ROMMYHH3Ma - 6hIJIO 6hl }];OKTpHHepcTBOM II CeR,
raHTCTBOM. :U TO u ;a;pyroe rJiy6oKo 11ym.:(o MapK<�y. Ho BM·ecre -c reM HeJI1>3H
6hlJIO MlIPRThCH B. c TeM, 'ITOObI MetïR.AYHapo,J.HaH rrpo:reTapc1rnH opraimrnaq:e:.H
CTaJia necTphlM ROHrJIOMepaTOM pa3HhIX H.n;en: II npIIHrt;HIIOB. Ilo3me, R
1871 rüAY, MapRC B IIlICbMe K O;vIOMy H3 pyROBO;J;HTeJieiî aMepIIIŒHCKHX celr
n;:e::ü: llaTepaaquoHaJia <l>pH,ll.pHxy BoJI1,re, IIHCaJI: «Hnrep1-1,alfuo1-1,a.1t, 6hIJI yqp�
mµ;eu ,ll.JIH Toro, 1IT06hl 3aMeHHTb con;naJIIICTJPieCRIIe II IIOJiycoqHaJIIICTHll0CKJl•l
ceKThl µ;eiicTBHTeJI1>Ho:Ü: opraHH3an;IIeii pa6o-crero R.TJacca )];JUI 6op1,61,1. IlepBoaa11aJinHLIH ycTaB u Y--ipe,ll.HTeJI1,Hhlii Maan:cpecr cpa3y me y1rn3hIBaIOT aa ôTo» 74.
Ha):lo 6LIJio Bblpaoora-Th TaRyro H)];eiiHyIO rr;rarcpopMy, RoropaH H3JraraJia 6hl
BeJI'IIKHe HOTOpH-crecrurn ai�a11:e: pa6oqero KJiacca B .n;yx•e nayqHoro co1.1;1rnJina:\rn
n BM0CTe c TeM 6hlJia Obi COCTaBJieHa B pe;i,aRn;HH, rrpHBMJieMOH H ;::J;JIH pa6oqnx
H8'MapRCHCTOB. 8Ty aa,n;a11y MapKC 6JieCTHiq·e paapemHJI.
<<ÛAHH H3 aJieMeHTOB ycrrexa - lIHeJieHHOCTb - y pa6otIHX yme ecn,; HO
-crncJieHHOCTb TOJibKO Tor.n;a pemaeT ;a;eJio, Ror;a;a Macca oxBaqeaa opraHH3an;1rnn:
H e10 pyKOBOAHT aHaHHe>> 75. B ar:ax cJioBax Ytipe;a;HTe.:11,noro Maancpecra 6hIJIH
OlJ0HI> TO"IHO onpe;1.eJieHhl a-errocpe�crœeHHbie 3a·,1a'II:I, CTOHBIDH·e rrepe.ri; T'ÜJII,RO
-crTo coa,-;auaoi Mem,n;yaapo,-;noü rrpoJieTapc1wii opraHHaan;irnn:.
1
1
73 «BocnoMHHaHHH o Map-Kce H 3Hre::n,ce>>. M., 1956, cTp. 76.
74 K MapRc - <I>. Bo;rbre, 2,3 Ho.a6p.a 1871. K Ma p 1K c li <I>. 3 H r e ;i h c. Coll.,
T. XXVI, CTJ). 174.
75 K. M a pK c. Y11pe'AHTeJihHhlH MaHHq>ecT MeaqyHapo;moro TOBapull(ecrna pa6o11e:x.
K Ma pKc :e: <I>. 8 are;i1,c. Co11., T. '16, crp.10.
1
41
ADDRESS
AND
PROVISIONAL
RU LES
OF THE
WOR.KING
INTERNATIONAL
MEN'S
ASSOCIATION,
E�TAELISHCD SEPTE:!ŒER. 28, 1864,
AT A PUBLIC �EETING HBLD AT ST. M.ARI1N'S
HALL, LONG ACRb, LO�DON.
PRICE ONE PENNY.
PRJNT:ED AT THE "BEE-Hl VE., NEWSPAPER OFFICE,
10. BOLT COURT. FLEET STREET.
: cL4.
THTYJlbHhlll �HCT IlEPBOrO ll.3.IJ;AHHH �PE,ZlHTEJl.bHOro MAHHfl)ECTA
H BPEMEHHOro YCTABA MEiR.IJ;YHAPOAHOro TOBAPHmECTBA PABOtUIX
B nporpaMMBJ.iIX .n;oKyMeHTax I l1HTepHa:a;1mHaJia 6:&IJIH cq>opMyJillpoBaHLI Te
rrpBH�HaJILHHe K.IJ;0:Ü:.HLie OCHOBhl, Ha 6a3e IW'l'OPLIX J:(OJUKHO OLIJIO pa3BHBaTL
CJI Mem.n;ynapoAJfoe pa601Iee .IJ;Bll.iR0Hlle. yqpe�HTBJlhHhlH MaHllq>ec·T onpeAeJIJIJI
qeJIL 6op1>6LI Mem,IcyHapo.IJ;Horo TOBapHm;ecTBa paooqnx: «3aBoeBa.IDie nOJHITH11eexo:ü: BJiacTH cTaJio..• BeJIHKOIO 06.JiaaHHOCThIO paooqero KJiacca» 76 •
YCTaB HHT0pHaD;llOHaJia li IIOCJieAYJO�ee rrpnMeHeHlle ero Ha IIpaKTllIŒ sa
Wia].(LlBaJill OCHOBY .IJ;IDI Tex opraH1rna:a;llOHHhlX 1IpllHD;lllIOB, Ha KOTOpLIX no·
HLIHe CTpOJITCJI KOMMyBHCTllqecKlle napTnll, npIIHD;IIIIOB p;eMOKpaTllqec1mro
n;eHTpaJill3Ma.
C coa.n;aHBeM I HHTepHan;HoHa.rra MapRc n 8Hre.rr1>c rroJiyqllJill HOBhle, nyq
mlle B03MOmHOCT.H .IJ;JIJI IIOJlllTlJlieCKOfO IlpOCBerr:t;eHHH nepe,u;oBhlX pa601Il1X, AJ}JI
yuopuo:ü: li TepnemIBoii 6opL6hl IIpOTllB pa3Jill1IHhlX MeJIK06ypmya3HhlX sa; 6.rrym,u;eHHÏI, npe.n;paccyW(OB li .n;orM. 3;a;ecL He MeCTO paccRa3LIBaTL llCTOpHIO
6opL6LI MapKca li ero CTOpOHHHKOB IIpOTBB rrpy.n;oHH3Ma, JiaccaJihHHCTBa,
6JiaHIOl3Ma, Tpe)l;-IOHlIOHll8Ma, 6aKynll8Ma Ha rrpOT.RJReHllll BCe:ë: llCTOpllll I MH
TepHaD;HOHaJia. 8Ta 6opL6a mna Ha KOHrpeccax MHTepHau;110HaJia - iKeHeB
CKOM ( 1866 r.)' Jlo3aHHCKOM (1867 r.)' EprocceJILCROM ( 1868 r.)' Ba3eJILCKOM
( 1869 r.), - Ha aace.n;aHllJIX eHepaJihHOfO COBeTa, BHYTPll HaD;llOHaJihHhIX
q,e,u;epaqn:ë:, B M0CTHhlX ceKD;llHX.
J:{eiicTBllT0JILHblM co.n;epmaHlleM aTO.Ü: 6opb6hI 6hIJIO paao6JiaqeHne MapK
COM omn6oqnocTll li IIOJillTll'tJBCKOH H0COCT0.HTe.1IbHOCTll nporpaMMHhlX li TaKTll11ecKHx B3rJ.UI.IJ;OB CBOllX ll)J;BHHhlX rrpOTllBHHKOB. Ha nepBhlX Tpex KOHrpeccax
lfHTepHaD;llOHaJia, .n;o Jlo3aHHCKOro BK.!IJf fC{BTeJibHO, rJiaBHhle YAaphl MapKCll
CTCKOii KpllTHKH HaIIpaBJIHJIHCb npoTllB npyp;OHll3Ma 7 7• Co BpeMeHll BaaeJib
CKOro KOHrpecca f869 ro.n;a rJiaBHOH onacHOCTLIO B MnTepHaD;llOHaJie CTaJI 6a
KYHll8M li npOTllB Hero Teneph cocpe;:t:OT01IIIBa.JIOCh OCHOBHOe HaIIpaBJieHlle
OfHJI.
Py1mBO.IJ;llMLI:Ü: MapKCOM feHepaJILHhlH coBeT lIHTepHa:a;lloHaJia CTaBHJI Ha
o6cym.n;enlle KOHrpeccoB 11 KoH<f>epenqH.ü, a qepea HHX Ha o6cymgeHHe Bcero
MemJl:YHapo,u;Horo pa6oqero ABIImeHllH npo6JieMLI, BLIABllraeMLie ca110.ü:
iRll3Hl,I(). To 6bIJIH HaCym;Hhle, BOJIHOBaBmlle TOr;:t:a C03HaT9Jil>HhlX pa6011l1X
BonpocLI: o npo4>co10aax li llX 3ap;aqax, o CTa'tJKax, o meHcKoM Tpyge, o KOone
pan;llll, 0 3eMeJILHO:Ü: co6CTBeHH0CTll li <flop.Max co6cTBBHHOCTll Boo6m;e, 0 IIOJIL
CKOM li llpJiaH,l(CKOM Han;IIOHaJILHOM )J;BlliR0Hllll H T. Il.
TepneJI:e:Bo li '.Hacro:iiqllBO ;pa3'bHCHHH omn6oqHOCTL H HOCOCTOHTi0JibHOCTL
rpaKTOBKH 3THX BOIIpOCOB iM0JIKo6ypmya3HLfiM yr<)IIl11Iec1nrM oou;HaJIH3MOM,
feHepMLHLiii COBB'r, HanpaIBJIHe-MLin: Map:nooM, p;o6nBaJicH :npaB'HJTh�oDo B oe
HOBHOM TIOOIJD{aHIJH paoO'tJ!HMH '3�a 11 KJiaCCOBOH 6oipLÔhl. TaK, HanpwMep, Ca!M
MapKC, BLICTynaJI c ,l(OKJia.IJ;OM Ha eHepaJibHOM COBeTe IIO BOIIpocy «3apa6oT
HaH IIJiaTa, �eHa li npll6:hlJlh», pa3'I,.JICHHJI OCHOBhI Hayqnoii IlOJillTll'tJBCKOH 3KO
HOMHH H B03MO.iRHOCTll 3KOHOMHqecKO.Ü: 6opL6hl pa6oqero KJiacca. TeM caMLIM
OH IfO,r:(BOAffJI CJiymaTeJie:Ü: K IIOHllMaHHIO HeCOCTO.JITeJILHOCTH II rrpygOHBCTCKHX,
H JiaccaJILHBCKllX B033peHll:Ü Ha pOJib npoq>eccHOHaJihHhlX COI030B li CTa'tJeK.
OnpoBepraH BYJILrapHhle IIpeACTaBJI0HHH rrpy,u;oHH3Ma 06 YBllBepcaJILHO
cnaCJHTeJihHO:Ü po.71lll 3KOHOMMqec�o:ë: 1B3a:IOIOIIOMOID;H TPY.AHII\llXOH, AORa13LIBaJI
TIIJ;eTHOCTh Hagem,n;hl JiaccaJIL.HHD;eB Ha IIOMOID;I. CO CTüpOHhl 6llcMapKOBCKOro
IIUMB�lf1ILe-6ypmyaaHoro rocy.n;apcTBa, MapKC IIO,ABO)J;HJI pa601Il1X K IlOHHMa
HHIO neo6xo,n;llMOCTll caMOCTOHTBJibBOH IIOJillTH'tJ8CKOH 6opb6hl nponeTapllaTa.
BMeCTe C Tell CJie;:t:YeT npllHHTb BO BHBMaHHe, 1ITO B Te fO.IJ;hl Hll B TeopeTH'tJe
CKHX rpy.n;ax MapKca 11 3HreJILCa, HH B pemeHHHX HHTepHaD;HOHaJia IlOHHTHe
]J;HKTaTyphl npoJieTapnaTa He IIOp;BepraJIOCb KOHKpeTHOMY aHaJIH3Y, Hll .n;ame
r
r
76
77
TaM me.
0,1ao:&p8.M0HHO MapKC BLicryina;i e: llpOTJIB J.WYTHX ReaepHLIX B 3r.:rn,ll_-OB B , p.a.6oqe'Ptf
,LJ,BHiKORHH: nanpm,ep, nporaB 'II03"HqHH 1pe,n;-IOHHOHOB B Borrpooax IIOJIHTHKH AHrJI'HB,
il03H�HU ;iacoo."IL.RHD;0B B CB.8311 C aacrpo-rrpycc:KOÜ BOÏIHOÜ Il T. II.
1
1
43
o6cym,n;eHHIO. ÎRM3Ilh :Ilflllb CTaBMJia ôTOT (<B0JIH1laiimu::ü JJ03yHr MapRca»,
Ra:R CRa3aJI O HeM JlettnH, B nopH,D;OR ,D;HH.
M;a;eË:Hfül 6opb6a IIaY1lHOro co:u;HaJIH3Ma IIpOTHB ero IIpOTHBHHROB - pa3,.,
HOro po,n;a ,D;ORTpHH M8JIROOypmya3HOf0 YTO IUPieCROfO COIJ;HaJIH3Ma - npoxo,IJ;MJia B p.a.n;ax Mem,n;yHapo,n;Horo TOBapHm:ecTBa pa601IHX ycnemao. Ha CBonx
ROHrpecca.x H IWmpepeHIJ,HHX I I1HTepHaJJ;HOHaJI IlpHHHMaJI pemeHHH, ocy
m.n;arom:1rn HenpaBII.TihHhie, aHTHHay1IHhle B3fJIH,ll;hl M8JIK06ypmya3HhlX ceRT H
,n;aBaJI pa601IHM B8pHyro OpHeHTaD,IHO, npaBU:JlhHOe IIOHHMaHne CTOHBIDHX rre
pe;a; HHMH aa;a;aq,
B paccMaTpHBaeMoe npeMH n,n;en MapKCH3Ma o,n;epmnBaJin no6e,n;hl rroRa
JIHmh B 06.I:Qnx rrpnHn,nrrHaJihHhlX pemeannx I IIaTepHan;noHaJia. Ho aTo
HMeJIO rpoMa,U:HOe 3Ha1IeHne - TeM caMhlM aaKJiap;hIBaJIHCL OCHOBhl rrpoJieTap
CIW:Ü CTpaT0fHH li TaRT:HIŒ, <<q>yH,n;aMeHT rrpoJieTapcRO:Ü Mem,n;yuapo,n;ao:ü
6op1,61,r aa c.oi:niamrnM>> 78• B. II. Jl01-1HJH rro.i:rrnpKHBaJI 1JjpeeMcTne-H1Hy10 CBH3h,.
cym;eCTBoBaBmyro MeIB,n;y I I1HTepHar:i;HoHaJIOM, II IIaTepHa:u;nottaJioM ero
Jiyqme:ü rrophl n III RoMMYHHCTH1IeCRHM lIHTepaau;HoHaJIOM.
Bo B'Topoiî IIO.::IOBHHe 60-X TO,D;OB Han;HoH'aJII:.H-00 pa6oqee p;BIDKeHHe, TO
ecTh pa6oqee ,n;nHmeune 3KOHOMH1leCKH pa3BHThlX cTpaH EBpoIILI H CeBepHoH
AMepnKH, B n,eJioM em;e He rrpHo6m:HJIOCh K MapKcnaMy. Pa601111x, 3HaBmnx
yqeHHe MapKca H yMeBmHX ero IIpHMeHHTb Ha rrpaRTHRe, HacqHTLIBaJIOCb
B TO BpeM.H ern;e ,n;eCHTRH HJUI COTHH. C11JI1>Hee Bcero OHH 6hlJIH B repMaUBH,
OJ{Hairn MHOnre COD,HaJIHCThl - HHT0JIJIHf0HThl HJIH pa6oq11e, ern;e He rrpnme.n.
mne R MapKcHaMy, BOCIIpIIHHMaJIH ero Hp;eII 6Jiaro,n;apH ,n;e.HTeJII:.HOCTH I liuTep
Han;noHaJia. M qeM p;aJu,rne m:10 BpeMH, 11eM 6oJiee 06orarn;aJioc1, con;naJIHCTF11rn
cRoe H pa6oqee )J,BHIReHHe OilhlTOM 1waccoBO:Ü 6opb6hl, TeM MOfYID,0CTB0HHee
CTaHOBHJIOCh BJIHHHHe Ha uero MapRCH3Ma.
ÜT nepBblX CJieIIhIX <J>opM KJiaCCOBOÜ 6op.b6bI - IIO
JIOMRH Mamn:H JIY,ll;,ll;HTaMH - K BOOpymeHHOH 6op1,6e
PasBHTHe 6opb6L1
aa OAHO Jlllilll, rrpano Tpy,D;HThCJI H OhlTb ::mcnJiyanI
pa6011ero m1acca
00 BOCXO�m:a,eü JIHBBB
pyeMhIMH - <<iKHTb pa6oTa.H, HJIII YM-epeTb cpa
ma.HCb!>), KaK m:i-caJIH 'Ha 3HaMeHax JDIOHCR-He Iro
!BCTanu;1,1 1831 .ro,n;a; 3aTe)I - R HMIBHO:Ü Bepe B cnpaBewnrnocTb :H BCOCHJIUe
rrapJiaMeHTa, BOop;ymeBJIHBmeii aHfJIHHCRHX pa6o"4HX, ,n;o6uBaBIDHXCH H36Hpa
TeJihHOÜ pe<J>opMhI 1832 ro,11;a; IIOCJie TOfO IŒK BHfCRaH 6ypmyaaHH HCIIOJII:.30BaJia rrapJiaMeHT rrpOTHB pa6oqnx - K rrepBOMY IDHpOKOMY MaCCOBOMY caMo
CTOHT0JlhHOMY II0.1UITH1l8CROMY ,D;BlliR0HHIO rrpoJieTapnaTa - qapTH3MY - Ta
KOBhl nepBhle rJiaBHhle 3Tanhl paaBIITHH Mem;a;yHapo,D;Horo pa6oqero ,ll;BHiR0HHH.
3a HHMH ITOCJI�OBaJia IIOJIOCa y.sJielJ0.HlIIH ·pa6o1FHX pa3JIH111ILIMll M8JIK06y1p
mya3HhIMH co:u;naJIHCTH1l8CRHMH ,n;orMa:MH. McRpeHHHH HaAem,n;a ua:iiTH cnaCH
TeJibHOe cpe,n;cTBO y Jlyn: BJiaHa HJIH Ra6a, KOTopoe cpaay npeo6pa3HJIO 61,1
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pneii.
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78
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CTp. 281.
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B YCJIOBHJIX peBOJIB)D;HOHHO:Ü CHTyau.:u::u: Il 6Jinme Bcero IIO)];OllTH R 8TOH B0JIH
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B cTpaHe, 11pome;u;me:ii qepea Tp:u: 6ypmya3Hhle penoJIIOD;HII, r,u;e pa6011:u::ü
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B ]J;BepH peBOJIIOD;HH He MOrJia orpaHHlJHThCH TOJlhRO CBepmeHHeM COBepmeHHO
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79 K. Ma pK c. Knacc-0BaH 6opbÔa Bo <I>pam.1,HH. H'.. Ma p R c H <I>. 8 H r e .;i 1, c. Coq.,
T. 7, CTp. 30.
80
TaM me, c-rp. 31.
I 1 .llaea emopa.H,
KPH3MC BTOPOll HMilEPHH
(1867-1870)
*
1. KAIIDTAJJIICTJJllECKOE PA3BHTllE 4>PARllJ{D
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p;Be CJiaBHbie peBOJIIOD;BB <ppann;y3cKoro napop;a, II04TH n;eJilfKOM
�!!!!Ill.. COBIIaJIH C cyin;ecTBOBaHHeM BTopoii HMnepHB. 3a 8TO BpeMH BO
(l>paHD;HH 3aBepmHJICH B OCHOBHhlX qepTax npoMhlIIlJieHHhlli nepeBopoT.
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CTH, B TOM qucJie MamnHOCTpoenne, 6h!JIH OXBaqenhl q,a6p1rqHhlM npOI1I3BO)];
CTBOM. THmeJiaH npOMhlillJI8HHOCTb, Kan«TaJibHhle BJIOIB0HBH B KOTopyro
B 50-60-x ro,n;ax Bce 6onee BoapacTaJIH, no TeMnaM cnoero pocTa onepe
maJia pH,n; BamHbIX OTpacJieR JŒfKOR IIpOMhIIBJieHHOCTH, B tJaCTHOCTH XJIOiltJa
T06yMamayro. Pa3BllTHe THiIWJIOH J/lH;n;ycTpHll B 6oJu,moi Hepe o6ycJIO
BJIHB8JIOCb mHpOKHM pa3MaxoM CTp01iT8JihCTBa meJI03HhlX ,n;opor II cy,n;o
CTpoeHHH. IlpaB;a;a, no cBoeMy y;n;eJibHOMY Becy B o6m;eM oo'beMe npoMhlmJieH
noro IIpOH3BO,Il;CTBa T.ameJia.a HH;n;yCTpHH - Ka.R, Bilp01IeM, li B nocne,r.r.yro
m;110 ;a;ecHTHJieTHH - ycTynaJia JierKoiî.
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3asepmeHBe
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uepeBopoTa.
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PocT Kpynuoro
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B DpOM:bllIIJleHHOCTB
CTBYIOID;He .nec.HTRJieTHH, HO H B pH,n;e Be,rcym;Hx OT
B Ce.JlbCROM X03HHCTBe
pacJieH THme.n:oii IIHAYCTpHH (,n;o61iIBarorqeii, MeTaJI
nyprnqecKoi, XHMHlJeCKOH H JJ;pyrHx). tJaCTI, Rpynn:hIX IIpOMhIIDJI0HHhlX npe,n;
npHHTHH RaR B npOBHHIJ;HH, TaR H B Ilapnme, HaC'IJHTh!Ba.Jia COTHH H nepe,n;Ko
ThlCH'qH pa6nqRx.
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B 1857 r. II01ITB BCe meJie3HO)J;OpüiRHI,Ie JIHHlUI <l>panu;nn: 6MJUI cocpe]];OTOqeHbI
B pyxax 6 KPYIIHbIX ain�ROHepHbIX KOMIIannn, Bh!TeCHHBIDHX OKOJIO 40 meJie3HO,ZJ;OpOiRHLIX o6�eCTB.
B C0JihCKOM X03HHCTBe COBepma.JICH npou;ecc ,n;aJibHeimei KOH�eHTpan;HH
3eMeJII,HOH co6cTBeIIHOCTB Il apeH]];hl 3eMJIH. PocJio Kpynnoe 30MJI8BJia,n;eHBe,
OCHOBaHHOe Ha IlHTeHCH(pHRUIJ;Hll H cneu;naJIH3a�HH ceJihCKOX03HHCTB8HHOro
npOH3B0,ZJ;CTBa, Ha npnMeHeHHH B HeM MamnH H HaeMHoro Tpy.na. YBeJIJI1IHBa-
46
BHPiRA
Jiumo2parpu.,1 O. J(o.m,e
JIHC1, noceBhl 3epH0BhlX KYJihTYP aa ClleT nycTyrom;nx 3eMeJib; BHe,npHJICH
noceB
:
nyroB:hlX TpaB H caxapHOH CBeKJII>I; pacm11pHJiaCb m1om;a,ri;o, 0TB0,Il;HMaH IIOA
BHHorpaAJIHKH; B CBH3H C pa3BHTlleM M0.:JOqHoro JI MHCH0fO lliHB0TH0B0)WTBa
yBeJIHlIHBaJI0Ch II0T0JIOBbe Kpynnoro pora T0f0 CIWTa II CBHHeii:.
Ilpon;ecc R0Hn;eHTpan;nn ropa3,Il,0 llHTeHCHBHee, qeM
j(am,ueiinœi pocT
npem,n;e, oxaa·n1a H 06,;rncTh ToproBJIH. Kpynae:ftmHe
JCO�ell'l'pa�
yn1rnepcaJibHhie Mara3HHhI IIapHma <<Eon Mapme,,
B OOJl8CTII TOpl'OBJDI
«JlyBp>>, <<IlpeHTaH>>, <<BeJih lliap,n;:nHbep>>, <<CaMa
B �Ta
pHTaH» H neR0T0pl>Ie APYrIŒ D0HBHJHICI:, HMeHH0 B
50-60-x ro.n:ax. To me cJie.n:yeT cRa3aT.h H o pa,rr,e :npynahlx ToprOBhIX rrpe,n;
np:e:HTHH «ppaney3CKOÜ npOBHHD,HlI. HOBhle rrp0Ml>IIIIJieHHbie JI ToproBI>Ie npe,n;
IIpHHTHH B Ilapume, KaK :e: BO Bceü <l>paHIJ,HH. BCe 6oJiee TeCHHJIH Me-TJRIŒ n
cpe,lQIHe.
AnaJiorH'IHfüI KapT:e:Ha na6J110,ri;aJrnc1, H B o6JiaCTII Kpe,11;J1•1·a. B orpoMHhIX
paaMepax BL]])OCJIH OIIepa�H He TOJibR0 <Dpaan;y3CKOI'O ÔaRiIŒ, no li pn.n;a Kpe
�THHX yqpem,n;e:mri, coa,n;aHHhlx HJIH peopraHH30BaHHhlX B 50-60-x ro.n:ax:
Crédit foncier (06�ecrno noaeMeJII>>Horo Rpe;:i;11Ta - 1852), Société générale
<le Crédit mobilier (feaepaJii,noe o6i:n;ecrBo .n;mnKIIMoro Kpe,n:nTa - 1852),
<<Crédit lyonnais)) ( «JI:e: oncRnii Rpe11;11T>> - 1863), Société marseillaise de
Crédit industriel et de dépôt (MapceJ1hc:noe o6m;ecTBO rrpoMbIIII.'IeHHoro Kpe
�11Ta H ooeipeme-HHil. - 1864) H mpyrnx. H,pyrrHhie Rpe;:UITHhie yqpem.n;eHHH
BO MHOrHX cnyqaHX Henocpep;CTBeHH0 y�aCTB0B8Jili B coap;aHHH li ynpoqeHHH
npoMLimJieHHhIX H Tp8HCIIOpTHLIX npe.n;npHHTHH. HoJioccaJibHbie paaMephl npH
HHJI 6:e:pmeBo:ë: amuoTam. Orrepall,HH na pHiHCKoiî 6HpiHH yTpOHJIHCo aa row,1
BTopoii HMIIep:e:H.
47
PocT npoMblillJI8HHOCT.If Il Tüpfüfü"'III, paaryJI 6J1pmeno:ü CIIeKYJIHD;HH npII�
BeJIH R cocpep;OTOlI8HIUO B py1rnx RpyrrHeiimHX qmHaHCHCTOB H rrpoMLIIlIJieH
HHROB Harr6oJiee 3HR1IHT8JibHbIX npOMhlIDJieHHhlX, TpaacrropTHhlX II 6aHKOB
CKHX npe.n;npHHTHH <DpaHIJ,IIII. <<EaHKH, Kpe,n;HTHlde o6m;ecTBa, rrapoxop;hl,
iE8JI03Hhie ,u;oporII, KpynHbie MeTam1ypnPieCKIIe H ra30Bhle 3aBO,I(hl, BC8 CROJib
RO-HH6yp;1, 3HRlIIIT8Jibffhie o6�eCTBa cocpeJWTOToqeald B pyKax 183 JIIIIJ,,
iIŒJIOBaJICH B 1869 r. BH,D;Hhlli npy,u;oHHCT iKopm J];romen.- 3TH 183 JIIIn;a
IIOJIHOCTbIO BJiap;eIOT orpoMHblMII RaIIHTaJiaMH, KOTOPLIMH OHH yrrpaB
JIJUOT. RarrIITaJihI arH rrpe,u;cTaBJIHIOT B aKIJ,HHX :e: o6JIHran;1uu: ooJiee
20 MHJIJII:Iapp;oB <ppaHROB>> 1•
O.n;naKo npH Bcex ycrrexax Kpyrraoi rrpoM.hIIIIJienao
IlpeooJia�aHBe MeJIRBX cTH Bo <Dpaan;nn aan6onee pacrrpocTpaaeHHldM TH
B cpe,1:t;1DIX npeAfipHHTBH IIO'M llp<)MhIIIIJreHH-Oro npep;up»HTHH H 'B KOHI\0 60-X
B BpOMMUUICBHOCTH
fO)l.OB BCe em;e OCTaBaJiaCI, M0JIKaH H cpe,n;HHH MaCTep
B ToproBae,
CRaH c O,Il;HHM HJIH HeCROJibKHMH pa6oqJIMII JIH6o BO
MeJIKBX
KpeCTbHHC.KBX nap�eJin BCe 6ea npHM0H8HHH HaeMHoro Tpy,u;a. B TOproBJie
B eeJibCKOM X03JIÜCTBC
TaRme rrpeo6nap;aJIH MenRHe II cpe,n;aHe rrpe.n;rrpHH
THH. B Ilapnme, BBHAY oco6enaocTeÜ: ero HCTopHqe
cKoro pa3BHTHH, M8JIKOe peMeCJieHHOe IIpüH3BO,I(CTBO, M0JIKaR ToproBJIH coxpanH
JIH .name OÔJibillYIO ycroiqHBOCTh, qeM BO MHOfHX �yrHX paiiOHax CTpaHhl, xo
TJI II 3J(8CI, neyRJIOHHO pa3BHBaJIHCb h.1)YIIHaJI IIIPOMhlIIIJie.HHOCTb H TOprOBJIH.
B ceJinCKOM xoaHiiCTBe RpyrrnoKaIDITaJIHCTHqecim:e H Rynan;1-rn:e xoaRiiCTBa.
nepemeAIDH0 R HHTeHCHBHOMY, cneu;naJI:0:311pOBaHHOMY Il MexaHB3:o:poBaH
HOMY npOlI3BO,il;CTBY, B COBORYilHOCTH 3aHHM8JIH, no ,u;aHHldM ceJIJ,CI(OX03HB
CTBeHHOH nepeirn:cH
r., He 6onee
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KpynHbie 30MJieB;ia,n;eHlUI c,n;aBamICb B apeH)zy MeJIRHMH yqacTR8MlI. Ilo,n;aB
JIJIIOID;aH qacTb 38M0JibHOH IlJIOm;a�l,lI AP06HJI8Cb Ha RpOXOTHbie napn;eJIJII,I Tpy
J(Hru;eroCH
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Macchl KpecTI,HH He pacnoJiara.rrn Heo6xo,n;HMbIMH MaTepHaJibHhIMH pecyp
caMH p;JJH rrepecTpOHnlI X03H.HCTBa Ha OCHOB0 HOBe:iimei T0XHHRH CBoero
BpeMeHH. ff TOMY me, H.FflITOlliHO M8Jlhl0 pa3M0pb1 napu;eJIJI HCRJIIOqaJIH
B03MOiKHOCTh npHMeHeHIUl MaIDHH.
Pa3BIITHe IiaIIHTamrnMa BO <I>paHI\HH, pocT Rpynnoro
O6ocTpeHBe HJ13CC0B&IX q,a6pH4Horo 1IpOH3BO,n;CTBa BHBCJIH H3M0HeHHR B co
npoTBBope'lflrii
CTaB q,paun;yacRoro pa6oqero RJiacca. HapHp;y c pe
B 50-60•x rol(ax
MecaeHHhIM II MaHyq>aKTYPHhlM npoJierapHaTOM, em;e
COCTaBJIHBIDIIM II0)];8BJI.HIOrr,;ee 60JibillHHCTBO pa6oqHx <I>paHIJ,HH, B npOMhIID
JieHHhlX 'Q0HTpax poc.rrn Imp;pbl na,n;ycTpHaJibHOfO rrponeTapHaTa. Ero pH,I(bI
IlOIIOJIHHJUICb rJiaBHhIM o6pa30'M paaopHBillHMHCJI RpeCTbHHaMH H ceJibCROX03.HHCTBeHHbIMH pa60'C!H�HI, BhIHym,n;eHHbIMH 6emaTI, B ropo,u;a B IIOHCRaX pa6oThl, a TaRme 6hlBillHMII peArnCJieHHHRaMH, yTpaTHBIDlIMH cnoco6HOCTb caMO
CTOHTeJil>HOro cym;ecTBOBaH.FIH' H pa6oqHMH peMeCJI0HHhlX MacTepCRHX. B Ila
pume B ROHu;e 60- X fOJ(OB HaC4HThIBaJIOCb JIHIDL OROJIO 50 TldC. <f>a6pIIqno3ano;r(CRHX pa6otIHX, T. e.
ncero rrapnmc1wro rrponeTapn:aTa, CBhlme
ThlC.
CTpOHTB:JhHbIX pa6oqnx, BblXO,Il;D;0B H3 KpecTbHH, H OROJIO
10 ThIC. meJie3HO;a;opoJRHbIX paOOlIHX 3•
CorJiaCHO Oq)H"[J;Ha,,:n,HhIM ;:i;aHHbIM, orry6JIHROB8HHblM B 1860 r. rrap11mCKOH
ToproBon: na.i:aToir, pa6otJ.n:ii p;enh B IIapHilΠaa rrpe,n;npHHTHHX npoMIJmJieH-
1862
24,52%
10%
80
(19%)
1 G. Duchêne. L'Empirr industriel. Histoire critique des concessions financières
et industrielles. Paris, 18ô9, p. 52.
2 Statistique agricole de la France. Résultats généraux de l'enquête décénale de
1882. Nancy1 1887. Tableaux, p. 170-173; A de F o v i Il e. Le morcellement. Etudes
économiques et statistiques sur la propriété foncière. Paris, 18'851 p. 78.
3
L. Che v al i e r. La forrr,ation de la population parisienne au XIX siècle. Paris,
1950, p. 111; <<Paris-Guide>>. Il partie, Paris, 1867, p. 1666-1667.
HOro THTia COCTaBJIHJI, KaR npa!BHJIO, He 6o.Jie.e 10 qacoB. Ha ]);eJie OH 6hlJI '3Ha11HT0Jl.bHO 6onee npoµ;OJI)KHT0Jl.bHbIM. CHH)K0HH0M pacu;eHOK rrpH C]];0Jl.bHOÜ
OIIJiaTe Tpyµ;a, nm:poKO 11paRTHKOBaBme:iicH B ro;r::t;hl BTopoü: HMnepHH, 11pep;
'npHHHMaTeJIH BhIHY>KAaJIH pa601111x TPYAHT.bCH ropa3JW 6oJI.bme 10 11acoB m1a
coxpaueHHH 11pemuero aapa6oTKa n 06ec11e:qennH cBoero 11poiRHT011u0ro MH
HHMyMa. 06 3TOM CBHA0T0Jl.bCTBYIOT MHOf01IHCJieHHhle nmmaaHHH pa6011ux µ;e
neraTOB Ilapu:ma na BceMHpa1,1x BhlCTaBI..:ax 1862 n: 1867 ro;r::t;oB. IIap11:mcR11e
KapeTHHKH, mopHHKH TPYAHJIHCb 12-13 11acoB B ;r::t;eHb, iR0CTHHHKH 14-16
tiaCOB, pa601111e, aaHHThle B IIJ)Oif3BOACTBe porOBbIX II3]I:e.11:11:i,i,- 15 11acoB li T. Ji:•
.l];a:me p;eTH H 110,Iq)OCTKH Tpy_p;HJIHCh 3HaqHT0JlbHO 60JihIDe 10 11acoB B A0Ho;
MHOrHe 113 HHX - no 15-17 11acoB 4• B rrpoBHHD;Hil YCJIOBHH Tpy;r1;a 6bmH em;e
6onee THmeJihIMH, 11eM B IIapHme. Pa601IHÜ )];€Hl>, )l;ame no oqm:a;naJibHLIM
;ll;aHHldM, COCTaBJULT[ 3));0Cb He MeHee 11 11acoB. Ha npa:hTHKe OH ROJie6aJICH Me
>KJJ;y 13 H 17 11acaMJ1.
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,.,
,.,
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B 50-60-e ro;ll;LI, peaJibH3H aapa60THaH IIJiaTa, 3a H€MHOfHMH HCRJII01l0HHJIMH,
CHH3HJ1ac1,. PocT n,:eH Ha npoµ;yRThl IIHTaHHH H rrpo1IH€ npe)l;M0Thl rrepBOH Heo6XO,IJ;HMOCTH,
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KO
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:meHHJI,
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pa3Hoo6pa3Hhle AeHe.iKHLie mTpaq>LI, HaJ.IaraBIDII0CH Ha pa6011n:x ( 1IHCJIO HX paa
HOBH,IJ;HOCTeii ;ll;OXO,IJ;HJIO )l;O 29), npHHYAHT€JlbHaH OII.:IaTa TPYAa (noJI
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TOpbie mJia B KapMaH BJia)l;eJ11>:a;eB 11pe)l;IIpHHTHii, OTlJHCJieHIIJI OT aapa60THOH
IIJiaThl (BIIJIOTb AO 4 % ) B II0HCHOHHhle i-.acchl, HaXOJ];HBillH8CH BO MHOrIIX CJIY
qaHx B pacnopHmeHHII 8;ll;MHHHCTpan,»H. CJie;r1;yeT TaKme ytJeCTb, 1ITO Hepa6o1IHH nepHOA B Te1leHIIe ro;r1;a 6h!JI B KOHil,e 60-x ro;r::t;OB, KaK npaBIIJIO, 6onee
npOJl.OJiiKHTeJILHLIM, 1IBM B KOH:a;e 40-x. IIo:noMy ro,ri;oBOM 3apa60TOK pa6oqero
}J;ame B CJiy"l!ae II0Bhlill0HHH ero HOMHHaJibHOH 3apa60THOH IIJiaThl 6hl�
MeHhme, 'leM B 11pe;r1;mecTBYIOID;l-Ie p;ecHTIIJieTHH. 8TO npnaHaBaJIJI II H0ROTO
phle 6ypmya3Hhle Ha6JIIOAaTeJIII 5•
06m;aH T0HAeH:[�HH R CHHineHHIO peaJibHOH sapa60THOM IlJiaThl He HCKJII01ra.na, paayMeeTCH, Toro, TITO B OT�e.1:LHhlX paiioHax, B ne.pno�bI 6.narOIIIPHHTHOH
3ROHOMH1J0CROH KOH'bIOHKTYPhl, HMeJio MeCTO BpeMeHHOe IIOBhlill€HH0 peaJibHO:Ü:
aapa60THO:Ü: IIJl3Thl )l;JIJI H3BeCTHhIX :naTeropnii pa601IHX. Ho 3TH HBJI0HIIJI 6hlJIH
npeXO;tVIID;HMB .a 1IaCTH1IHhIMH .
.l);aHHLie O ,rt;HeBHO:Ü: H cpe,n;Heroµ;OBOH 3apa6oTHOH nJiaTe napHiRCKHX pa6o
qHx, co6paHHhle rrap:e:iKCKHM o6m;ecTBOM «Tpy;ll;OBOrO KP8Jl.HT8>> B 1864 r. II aa
CJIYiKHBarom;ne 60J11>Mero AOBep:e:H, H8in8JIH oq>nn,na.1hH8H CT8TIICTHKa 1860 r.,
IIORa3bIBaIOT, TITO 60JI1>IDHHCTBO 11apIIin:CKllX pa6ol.JIIX-Mylli1IHH IIOJiyqaJio B TO
BpeMH B cpe;r1;HeM 3 q>panxa B ;r1;enb na pacqeTa 300 pa601IIIX )l;Heii B ro,r,;y. iRen
m;n:HbI me, aa H0MHOrHMH HCKJII01leHHHMII, IIOJiytJa.1n OT 240 ,r,;o 360 q>paHKOB
B ro,r,;. Memµ;y TeM rOAOBO:Ü: pacxo;r1; pa6011eii ceMbH II3 qeTblpex qeJioBeK TOJlbKO
Ha IIJITaHne, RBapTHPY, OTOIIJieHIIe H OCBem;eHII€, He ClJHTaH aaTpaT na 0));0inJl.Y
li ,r,;pyrne nacym;HLie II0Tpe6HOCTH, ;ll;OCTHr B 1870 r. 1385 q>paHKOB 6, no Oq>II
Il,H8JlbHhIM ;a;aHHLIM (110 APYfHM ;a;aHHhIM - 1700 cppaHKOB).
4
<I>. B. II o Te M 'K :e: 11. R oonpocy o no:iomemrn: pa6o1I•ero R;racca oo <I>pamv,1:e: B
aocJie,IJ;HHli nep:e:o,rr. IIJ)OM1iBIIJieHHOI'O ne-peBOpoT.a. B c6. <<lfa HCTOpHH co-qnaJibllO-IIOJUl'l"H
eCKIIX H,aeih>. M., 1955, CTJ>. 5'57-581.
5
CM., na-npHMep , L. L a z a r e. Les quartiers pauvres de Paris. Paris, 1'869, p. 90.
6
Ministère de travail et de la prévo yance sociale. Statistique générale de la France.
Salaires et coût de l'existence à diverses ép oques jus qu'en 1910. Paris , 19H, p. 105.
(J
4
TiapBH<Cf<ali HOMIIJ'Ba. T. 1
49
Hey,n;11BMTeJihHO, l:ITO n Ilapm-1,e n 1862 r., no np1rnaaHHJO npeq>eKTa p;errap
TaMeHTa CeHa 6apoHa ÜcMairn, Haxo,n;HJIHCb Ha rpaHH HHIIJ;eTbI 1 073 061 qeJio
BeR 7, 113 HIIX 121 330 lJ8JIOB8K 6bIJill B 1866 r. üq>ll�llaJihHO 3aperllCTpHpOBaBLI
Ra:K HHm;ne 8• BID;r:i;meT 6JrnroTBop1neJihHl.IX T{peaqi;enHii CTOJIHD;hI ,c 13 345 620
tj)paHWOB ' B 18.52 r. BhIP,OC B 1869 ·r. ;n;o 22 385 518 q,paHKO'B 9. Ilo IIpH3HaHHIO
6ypmya3Horo pecny6Jrn:1rnHu;a lliro.JHI CH:MOilla, OOJI•ee 50% pa6o'11HX ceM
, eiicTB
BO <t>paHD;IIH npu6craJIH n 60-x ro,n;ax :n o6m;eCTBeHHO:Ü 6JiarOTBüpHTeJihHOCTH.
TITO Raca18'TCH 3aRJia,n;a Hell\eli B JIO)i'Ôa1p;w, TO yme B 1860 r. HG 416 TbIC. rra
pI1JRCKHX pa601IUX 200-250 ThIC., a B lWH�e 60-x ro;r:i;oB em;e 60Jihille, He MOTJIH
o6xo;r:i;HThCH 083 3'fl0if'O pOCTOBiqlPieClmro yqpe·�eHJUI 10, �OXO)];hl KOToporo
c 1852 r. no 1869 r. 6oJiee 118M YTPOHJIHCh ( c 209 325 ,n;o 665 127 q>paHROB) 11.
E�e 6mrne HpRIIii npHMep 06HHIQaH1u1 HBJUIJio co6oii rro.rromen1rn pa6oqnx
B npüBllHIJ;HH 12• T»meJibre ycJIOBHH Tpy,n;a H HH3Ra.JI ero OIIJiaTa, qaCTJiqHaH li
TIOJIHfüI 6e3pa60TIUJ;a, 6peMH ROCBeHHbIX H npHMLIX HaJioroB xapaKTepH:bl ,rt;JIH
noJiomeHMH Bcero q>paH:u;y3cRoro npoJieTapnaTa B ro,rt;hl BTopoii liIMnepnn.
B pa3JinqH:bix paüoHax <l>panu;1nr OhIBaJio aeMaJio C.JIT{aeB rH6em1: Juo,n;en OT
roJIO,Ll;a H xoJio,n;a.
8KO!HOMH1I8:CIWe ,pa3B11THe <t>paHIJ.,"ffH � 50-60-x ro)];aX conpooom,n;aJ.IüCb iH
rrporpeccnpyIOill;HM pa3opeHJieM Me:n-w.ii 6ypmya31UI. 3ROHOMHqecRaH TIOJIJI
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Jea3Hbl XOA KOHD;eHTpan;nn B npo�IbIITIJI8HHOCTH H ToproBJie. MeJIRoii: 6ypmya3HH CTaHOBHJIOCb BCe Tpy,n;Hee ROIIRypnpoBaTh C KpyIIHhlMH npOMhlIDJ10HHH
RaMH H ROMMepcaHTRMl L B IIIOJie '1868 r. rrpetj)eRT .zi;enapTaMeHTa PoHa B ]1;0HeceHHH MHHHCTPY BHyTpeHHHX ,n;eJI coo6m;aJI: «MeJIRaH ToproÊJIH c Tpy,rt;oM
MOIBeT Bhl)l;epaŒTb pa3opHTe.1hHYIO IWHRypeau;nro RpynHhlX TOprOBbIX npe,n;
npHHTJ:IH II orpoMHhie o6m;ue pacxo,n;hl, B "'I8CTHOCTH na 1rnapTHPHYIO IIJiaTy.
IloJio.meHne ee ell\e 60.1Jee yxy,n;maeTCH c nacTyn.rreHReM cpm-wB rrJiaTemeii,
1ITO Haxop;l:IT CBOe HarJIH,Il;HOe BbipameHHe B 60JihillOM ROJIHlI:8CTBe rrepee3J];OB
C RBapTHp B pe3yJII.TaTe npenparr:i;eHHH TOproBJIH... Me.JIRIIe TOprOBD;hl CTpa
;r:i;aroT OT OTCYTCTBIIH J];OCTaTO"lJ:HOfO I.OJIH1IeCTBa TOproBhlX c;n;eJIOK. ÜHH HYIBAa
IOTCH B cpe}lCTBaX, BCJiel];CTBIIe qero HM npHXO):J;HTCH rrp116eraT:& li )J;OJirocpoq
H.bIM Hpep;nTaM>) 13. 8Ta xapa:nTepHCTIINa IlOJIO.iK0HHH M8JIROÜ 6ypmya3HH .zi;e
napTaMeHTa PoHa MOIBeT 6bITb OTHeceHa K TIOJIOmeHHIO MeJIROÜ 6yp.mya3HI'
Bceii <l>ip ann;HH. Be.::m:Hn:t'r 61,norrnca re.1:h Brotpo:ü J:l){II€ij)l:IH 3MHJih 3o-.'IH B pH;x,e
Bl>I)];arom;HXCH xyJ];oIBeCTBeHHhIX rrpOH3Be,n;eHHÜ MacTepCRH H3ü6pa3HJI 6e3hlC
XOJ];BOe IlOJIOIBBHHe MeJIROfO co6CTBeHHHKa, 6e3Ha,n;emao IIhITaBmerocH :a;eHOÜ
TH»WJihlX mepTB coxpaHJITI, caMOCTOHTe.ITI,HOCTh, HO o6pe"'IeHHOro Ha nopame
HHe B HepaBHoii 6op1,6e c RpynHhlM Rarr1ITaJ10M. B Ilapnme, rJJ;e npeofüiaJJ;aJIP
M€JIRHe npOMIJITIJieHHhie II ToprOBhie npe;i;npHHTHH H rJ);e peMecJieHHHRH, MeJI
RIIe TOprOBD;bI H JiaBO"'IHHRH no-npemHeMy COCTaBJIH,JHI B0ChMa 3HaqnTeJihHylfl•
qacTh HaCeJieHHH, pa3opeHHe MeJIKOH H QTqacT:u: cpe,rt;Heii 6ypmya3HH 6bIJIO·
oco6eHHO om;yTHMO.
Heirn6emHhIM CJiegCTBIIeM 3nOHOMIPleCKO:Ü IIOJIHTHRH BTopoii HMnepHH
6hIJia TaKme pac:ryru;aH nJiaCCOBaH ,LUiq)qJepeHn;Han;HH RpeCTI,.fIHCTBa, YCHJieHHe n
Bce 60JI1,mee o6oraru;eHHe ero RyJJa r1;iwï1 nepxymRH, pa3opeHne n o6eaaeMeJie
RI•rn 3HaqnTeJibHO:Ü qacTH TPYRHID;HXCH :npeCThHH. «CeJI1>c1we xoaH:ÜCTBO, ROT07 C. de Pa e p e. Situation économi que du prolétariat en France. «La Rive gauche»
·
'
20 août 1865.
8 E. F r i bo ur g. Le pauperisme parisien. Ses p rogrès depuis 25 ans. Paris 1872 ,
,
(J. 58.
9 Mémoires du baron Haussmann, t. IL Paris, 1890 p. 442.
,
10 A C
. o ch i n. Paris. Sa population, son industrie. Paris, 1864, p. 53.
11 Mémoires du baron Haussmann, t. II, p. 416.
12 ÛM. T. Il RaCTOHIIl,ero li3,J;amuI.
13 l.J;HT. rro craTI>e Lyon, cité républicaine. Etude collective «1848. Revue des révolu-
,
tions contemp oraines>>, 1.951, N 189, p. 123.
50
poe 'BO <l>paHQlfll HlIKOf,!l;a H0 ;1;ocrnra.i:o BhICOKOl'O pa3BllTHH,- 1rn:caJ1 Mao;>ltC
B ro� Bropoi HMnepm-1:, Jnlfül B Bli)J:Y X03HHCTBa �eJIKIIX napQemrn:pHhIX
KpecThHH,- npH cy11:J_eCTBYIOIIJ_e:L\1 pemHMe npm,rn perpeccnpyen> 14• IlpoQecc
3TOT, KUR H aaxa6aJienne TPYAHIIJ;HXCH KpecTMIII Il 60-x ro.n;ax, BCe HapacTaJI.
06ain:u;anne pa6oqero mrncca n TPYlVIm.erocH r:pecTMIHCTBa e�e peaqe Bhl
cTynaJio na cpone KOJioccaJihHOro 06oraIII,eH1rn uMyrn,nx KJiaccon: cpnHaIICOBoë
OJrn:rapxHH, KpynHOH npOMhlmJie:W:HO:Ü: II TOpronoü 6ypmya3HlI, RPYIIHhIX 3eM
JleBJI8A0Jih0.0B H KyJia�1w:ü BepxymRH RpecThHHc Tna. IloJiunma HanoneoHa III
OblJia IIOJIHOCThIO 110,ri;qlIHeHa HIITepecaM :KaIIIIT8:IIICTlPieCIWÏI H8iRHBhI H 6np
meBoro manTama. IJ;eno:ü yBeJin1rnH1u1 60.rree G:eM Bp;noe rocy.n;apcTnenHoro
JJ;OJira <l>paH�HH B o6peMeHeHHH 60JihillllX ropo;J;OB THïneJihIMH MYHIHI,IHiaJih
HhIMll ]J;OJiraMH, JIOiRHBIDH.MHCH B OCHOBHOM Ha IIJI0"CIH Tpy,U.HIII,lIXCH, npaBH
TeJlhCTBO BTopoii HMIIepnH o6ecneqHBa.TIO 1n1ym;uM IWaccaM rocyll,apcTBeHHhie
-0a:ÜMhl, KOHQeCCHH, cy6CHP,IIH JI npoqne rrp1rnu.11erHH. B IIX ROphICTHhIX HHTe
pecax npeAIIPlIHHMaJIHCh rpa6HT0.'1hCRne BOHHbI n ROJIOHH8Jlbllbie 3KCIIel},IUI,HH
B H11Taü, CHp:uro, AJimnp, RoxnHxIIny (!Omn1,1ft BheTHaM), MeRCHKY H p;py
t·He CTpaHhl.
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-06ocTpllJIHCh. «Bo Bcex CTpaHax EBpOIIbl Tenepb CT3JIO OtJ.eBHAHO:Ü IICTH
HO:Ü )J;JIH Kam;n;oro Henpe,ri;y6emp,eHHOf0 yl\rn - IIO;r::I;llepKHBaJI MapRC oceHhIO
1864 r. - .,.qTo Hll ycoBepmeHCTBOBanue MaIDIIH, Hll nplU.IeH9HHe nayRH
R IIPOH3BOACTBY, HH yJiyqmeHHe cpe;r::i;cTB coo6III,eHHH, HU BOBbie ROJIOHHH, HH
aM11rpan,HH, HH HOBl,Ie PLIHI-Œ, Hll CB06o;r::i;HaH TOpfOBJIH, IIH nce 3TO BMeCTe B3H
TOe iie ycTpaHHT HlUJJ,0Thl Tpyp;HIIJ,HXCH Macc; qTo Ha COBpeMeHHOM nopoquoë
OCHOBe BCHKOe p;aJJbHeftmee pa3BHTlle npOH3BOll,HT0JILHOH CilJihI Tpyp;a H9H36emHO yrny6JIHeT 06III,eCTB8HHhle ROHTpaCTbI lI o6ocTpHeT o6m;ecTBeHHhie aH
T3fOHII3MhU lS.
2. HAPACTABHE RPII3HCA BTOP0:0 HMTIEPIUI
( 1867-1869)
XoTH 50-60-e ro;r::i;hr XIX B. 6hIJIH BO <DpaHQHH, KaK
H B .n;pyrnx pa3BHThIX IŒIIlIT3JIHCTH1I0CRllX CTpaHaX,
DOJIBTB'lecROü
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IIOAoeM:a, ninrnpHH Hano:.reoHa III yme B KOHJJ,e 50-x
BTopoii
B11UiepHB
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UOJIHTH'l0CROH HeycTOlilJ.HBOCTH. 8ROHOMlJqecKHM :KpH3HC 1857-1858 rop;OB,
nepBLI'Ü 113 nepnop;nqec1mx RpH3HCOB nepenpOll3BO;r:I.CTB3, IIOTpHCIDHX 8KOHO
MHRY <l>paHQHH H B 3TH aan6oJiee QBeTyIII,He p;eC.HTHJieTHH IŒIIHT3JIH3Ma, no
Ra3aJI HMYIII,HM KJiaccaM, 'ITO MaTepnaJihHa.H OCHOBa IlMnepnH OTHIO;r:t.h He TaK
npoqHa, RaK 3TO npe,ri;cTaBJUIJIOCb HM B nepBhle fO)];bI ee cyIII,eCTBOBaHHH, COB
naBmHe c naqanoM npOMhIIDJieHHoro IIOAoeMa. Tpenory B036ym,ri;aJIH n cepb
e3Hhie npocqeThl no BHemneft noJIHTnRe, ;a;onyIII,eHHhie HanOJieOHOM III
B ROHIJ,e 50-x rop;on. BnepBh:re co npeMeHH rocy;a;apcTBeI-IHoro nepenopoTa
1851 r. He,IJ;OBOJlhCTBO 6oHarrapTHCTCKEIM pearnl\IOM OXBUTHJIO 3Ha"CIJITeJlhHYIO
qacT.h 6ypmyaaIIH. Ha Bhl6opax 1857 r. B 3a:n.oHo,n;aTeJihHhlii Kopnyc 6ypmya
-3HH, npH IIOAJ);epmKe pa6oq11x, np0Be.1a B COCTaB 6oHarrapTIICTCRO:Ü:
rraJiaThl IlHTh yMepeHHblX pecny6JIIIIiaHuen: 8.MUJIH ÜJIHBhe, 8pHeCTa II1nrnpa,
AJihq>peJJ;a ,Il;ap1u,10Ha 1 lliro:rn (!)anpa, llia1rn-Jlyn 8HoHa, cocTaBHBIIIHX nnep
Bhle Jiesyro q,pa:KJJ,HIO 3a:KOHO;r:I.8T8.'IhHOfO ROpnyca. cDpam:i;yacirnH 6ypmya3MH
Ilepewe upaaBaKB
14 R. Ma pK c. 3ROHOMnqecimiî Rpn3llC BO <Dpamurn. K. M ,a p R C l'i <D. 3 H r e :r b C.
Coq,, T. 12, crp. 80.
15 R. Ma 'PK c. Ytrpe,::i:nTeJihHhiii :\IaHHq>ecT MeaqyHapo,::i:Horo ToBapn�ecTH.a paoo•
q11x.
K MapKc II <D. 'BHre:11,c. Coq., T. 16. cTp. 7.
4*
51
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nepxyrn1rn, npnnep;rnaa JlyH EoHaIIapTa K BJiaCT:H, 110-11pem:HeMy cocTaBJiaJia
onopy TpoHa.
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p;on Bhl3BaJI pocr CTR'IeK, OiRHBJI8HIIe ;::i;eMOKpaTIPieCKHX, pecny6JIHKaHCKHX Ha
CTpüeIUiH B ropop;ax, o6ocTpeHHe KJiaCCOBOro aHTarOHH3Ma B ,n;epeBHe. Ü,n;HaKO
8TO ,ll;BHiR8HIIe ne HOCHJIO Tor;::i;a MaccoBoro xapaKTepa: IIOJIHII,8HCKo-6ropoKpa
TIJlieCI-Œ.H rHeT, B08HHhlH p;ecnOTH3M, aaCHJJbe KaT0JIH1!8CROfO p;yxoBeHCTB8,
p;anaBmHe O ce6e 3HaTh C oco6o:ü ClIJIOH B 50-x ro,n;ax, CJIYiRHJilI TOMY rJiaBHOÜ
np1111uHoii.
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KOHO)];aTeJibHOro Kopnyca H CeHaTa, H CJiep;oBaBmHMH aa HHMH HeKOTOphlMH
.n,pyrnMH RYII,hIMH npeo6paaoBaHIIHMH HaIIoJieOH III cTapaJicH yM11poTBopnT1>6yp,nyaan10 II op;HoBpeMeHHO coap;aTb y Tpyp;H�HXCH Macc BH,IUIMOCTb HacTy
llJieH1UI HOBOH JIH6epaJihHOH aphl. Üp;HaI-W 8TH He3Ha1IHT8JlbHhI0 II0JlllTH1le
CRHe YCTYIIKH ne yp;Ofü'IOTBOpHJIH lIMY�He KJiaCChI, IIOKOJie6aBmHeCH B CBOeM
p;oBepHII R lIMnepaTopy II Tpe6oBaBmHe 6oJiee paAHI{aJlhHhIX HOBOBBep;eHHB�
«Heo6xop;HMhlX cBo6o,n;>>- CBo6o,n;hl CJIOBa, neqanI, co6paHB.ii, pacm11peHHH
upaB MYHHII,HII8JIHT0TOB. TeM 6oJiee He yp;oBJieTBOpeHHhlMH peq>opMaMH 1860 r.
OCTaBaJIHCh Hapü,D;Hhle MaCChl, cpep;H IWTOphlX H8YRJIOHHO HapacTaJio Be,n;o
BOJihCTBO CBOHM IIOJilITlI1l0CRlIM 6ecnpaBHeM H YCHJI0HH0M HX 8RCITJiyaTaII,HH.
Bhl6ophl 1863 r. B 3aKOHO)];aTeJlhHhlll Kopnyc, BO BpeMH KOTOphlX OIIII03HIJ,HOH
HaH 6ypmya3HH npH nop;p;epm1rn HapOAHhlX Macc IIOJiyqHJia 35 p;enyTaTCRHX
M0CT' HarJIHJ(HO IlOKa3aJIH, RaK MaJio y,n;oBJJeTBOPHJIH y6JIIO,D;01IHhie pecpopMbl
HanoJieoHa III m11poRHe CJIOH HaceJieHHH <I>paan;1111.
B 1867 r. HMnep1u1 HanoJieoHa III BCTynHJia B rJiy
1867 roA -uaqaJio
fioRRH JIOJIHTH1!8CRHH KpH3HC, KOTOphlii HeyKJIOHilO
aan6oJiee rJJy60iwro
Ha npOTHiR8HHH IIOCJiep;yIO�lIX JI0T II B KO
IlOJIBTBqecRoro RpB3HCa HapacTaJI
f
Hf qHQM cqeTe npHBeJI K ee KpymeHHIO.
BTopoii BMDe pBB
<DpaH�HH naxo,InIJI8Ch Tor,:�a B THCKax meCTOKoro
BKOHOMHqec1rnro RplI3HCa, nepeôpoCHBmerocH crop;a H3 Coep;HH0HlHhlX IllTaTOB
AMepuRH II AHrJIHH. IlpoH3Bo,n;cTBO II rroTpe6neH11e coKpaTHJIH�h, TOproBJIH 11
6n:pma OKa3aJUICh B KpHTHqecKOM IlOJiomeHHH, rrpep;npHHHMaTeJihCKaH np116bTJJh II aapa6oTI Ia.H IIJiaTa IIOHH3llJUICh 16 • RpH3HC OCJIOiRHRJICH HeypomaeM
1867 r.
Pea11e, 1l0M Kor;::i;a-JIJI6o CO BpeMenn 6oHanapTHCTCKOro rocyp;apCTB8HHOfO
uepeBopoTa, Bbipa,irnJia CBOe 03JI06JreHHe cpep;HHH H B oco6eHHOCTH MeJIKaH
6ypmyaa1uI. 1867 fO)]; 6bIJI J(JIH Hee 1Ip83Bhlqa:ÜHO THiR8JlhlM. IloCTOHHHhie KO
ne6attHH Ha 6:u:pme paaopHJIII MHOf01IHCJI8HHhlX M0JIKHX paHTbe. He)];OBOJIJ,
CTBO OXBaTIIJIO H RpyIIHYIO rrpoMhIIDJieHHO-ToproByIO 6ypmya3HIO.
Ha 3TOT pa3 B OITTI03IIII,IIIO nepemJia TaK»rn 3Ha1IJITeJibH8H qacTb Tex ee
«pyron, Ha ROTop1,rn Ha110JieoH III rrpem;:i;e onHpaJicH. IlpIIqHHO:Ü aToro 6hlna
BHemneTopronaH noJIHTIIRa 11paBnTeJihCTBa n npem,ri:e Bcero ToprOBhl:Ü ,ri:oronop,
38KJJroqeHHhIH HM B HHBape 1860 r. c AHrmieii cpoRoM Ha 10 JieT. CorJiacno
ycJIOBHHM aToro ,n;oronopa <ppaHII,Y3CKOe npannTeJihCTBO OTM8HHJIO 3anpeT na
BB03 pH,ri:a aHfJTHHCRlIX TOBapoB Il CHR3HJIO IIOIDJllIHhI Ha npe,n;MeThl aHrJIRHCRO
ro BB03a J(O 30 % HX CTOHMOCTJL BJia,n;eJibIJ,hI MHOflIX RpynHhlX TeKCTRJlbHhlX
q,a6pMK, MeTaJIJJypr:0:qeCKlIX 38BO)];OB, yroJibHhIX ROne:ü: 6hlJIH IlOCTaBJI8HhI ne16 J. L e scure. Des crises générales et périodiques de surproduction. 3-e éd.
Paris , Ml23, p. 69.
52
pe;n; Heo6xoJ(11MOCTLIO o6HOBHTL ycTapeBmee o6opy;n;oBaHHe CBOHX npe;n;rrp1u1THB, 1:JT06LI IlpOTHBOCTOHTh aHrJJHBCKOH ROHKYJ)0HD;HH Ha q>pann;yacROM phIHRe,
a 9TO Tpe6oBaJio Kpymn.IX RamITaJIOBJIOïKeHHH. Hn npe,u;ocTaBJieHHa,:r npaBH
T0JILCTBOM 40-MHJIJIHOHHaJI cy6CHAlUI npe,u;npmnrMaTeJI.HM, HH CHH»t0HH0 BB03Hhl.X IlOIDJIIIH Ha TeKCTHJII,HOe CLip:&e, HH y,u;emeBJI0HHe rrepeB03Iœ rpy3oB no
so,u;e He ocna6HJIH HeAOBOJILCTBa IIpOTHBHHKOB TOproBoro ,u;oroBopa 1860 ro�a.
ÜHH ynopuo npHIIBCLIBaJIH TPYAHOCTH, HCIIhlThlBaeMhle (J>pann;yacxon npo
MhlmJieHHOCTLIO, rJiaBHhlM o6pa30M nary6HoMy B.'IHHHIIIO TOproBoro ;Il;OfOBOpa,
cJiymunmero, IIO HX MH0HHIO, HCRJIIOlfHTeJihHO 6pn:TaHCKHM HHTepecaM B ym;ep6
OTe'leCTB0HHLIM.
<l>pauizyacxHe npOT0KD;HOHHCThl Tpe60B8.'IH H3MeBeHHH ycJIOBHH ;n;oroBopa
( cpoR ,n;eiicTBHH ROToporo HCTelmJI B q>eBpaJie 1870 r.). BBn,ny Toro, 1:JTO 9TOT
.D;OrOBOp Mor 6h1Tb )];0HOHCHpoBaH He U03,rI;Hee q>eBpaJIH 1869 r., OBII yme
C 1867 r. (H B 3aKOBOJ{aTeJihHOM Kopnyce, r;n;e OBH 6hl..'IlI rrpe)J;CTaBJI0Hhl BJiJJ(
HLIMH .n;enyTaTa:M'H� II BHe ero) YCHJIHJIH KaMIIaHHIO TipüTHB ero B0300HOBJJe
HHH B npe,iœeM BH.1];0. TOJihRO H060JihIDaH qacTh KpynBOH 6ypmya3Jirn:, aa:HH
TepecoBaHHaH B CHHffiCBHII BB03HhIX nom.'IHH Ha rrpe;n;MeThl (J>paHizy3CKOro 9K
cnop-ra (BHHa, meJIK, npe�MeThl TyaJieTa H pOCKOIIIH - (<IIèijpllïnCKHe II3�e.JIIUI»
H ,u;p.), BhlCKa3hlBaJIBCh aa B0300BOBJieHHe ;n;oroBOpa na npemHHX YCJIOBHHX 17•
Kpa:.ë:Hee He)l;OBOJihCTBO BLipamaJia TaKme qrnnaHCOBaH OJIHrapXHH. Ona
maJioBaJlaCI> Ha KaTaCTpO(plf'10CKOe rra,u;eHHe Kypca n;eHHhIX 6yMar, Ha pocT
q}ICJia 6aHKPOTCTB, coRpam;eHne onepan;irlÏ <DpaBn;y3CROro 6aHKa, 30JIOTaH Ha
JIHlffiOCTh KOToporo (CBhlme MHJIJIHap)l;a q>paH.KOB) He HaXOAHJia npHMeHeHHH
B IIpOMLIIIIJ10HHOCTH H ToproBJie, Ha o6ecn;eueHlI0 aKD;lIH ilŒJie3HO,D;OpOiRHhlX II
APyrHX KOMIIaH:o::ü. «1867 ro,u;,-. no,nqepR»BaJI opraH q>paHn;yac.Koii KpynHoH
6ypl!(Y88HH «Journal des économistes» - ...oKaaaJICH ro,u,:oM MHoroqHcJieHHhlX
(j>HHaHCOBhlX KaTacTpoq,, ro,u;oM npocqeTOB H 06.MaByTMX Ha,nem.D;>> 18• Ilo CJIO
BaiM ,n;pyroro 6ypmyaaHoro 3KOHOMnqecooro opraHa, norepn <Dpauwr11 •B pe
ayJILTaTe lIOC'I'HrrrieTO ee q>HHaŒIOOBOI'O llOTJJHICeHHH HcqHCJIH,'IHCh '.\-IJIJIJIHap
,u;aMH 19 •
HaHÔoJiee CKaH.l);aJihHOH q,nHaHCOBOli KaTaCTpOq>oii 1867 r. 6bIJ1 Kpax
«Crédit mobilier» ( «J:(BHIBHMoro Rpe,u;HTa>>), Kpynneftmero Kpe)J;HTHoro yqpe
m,u;e1qur <l> paHD;HH, MHOrOMlIJIJIHOHHhie cnexyJIHTHBHhle onepan;HH KOTOporo
noJIMoBaJIBCh oco61i1M noKpoBHTeJI.bCTBOM HMneparopa. Rypc aKn;Hiî <<Crédit
mobilier», COCTaBJIHBllllÙÎ B 1863 r. 1482½ q>paHNOB, B C0HTH6pe 1867 r. ynaJI
));O 134 fj}paHROB; B OKTH6pe aTO am:i;noHepHoe o6�eCTBO H ero (pHJIIIa.JihI npe
R:paTHJIH IlJiaTeiIGI, Bhll3BaB H0BepûHTHYJO naHnRy Ha rrapJI.inCKOH 6upme.
Co6LJTHH 3TH paapa8BJIHCh B paarap IIhlillHhIX nplI;Il;BOpHhlX npa3)J;HeCTB
B qecTL BCeMHpHoii BhlCTaBKH, KOTopyro rrpaBnTeJihCTBO BTopo:ü HMnepHH OT
KphlJIO B anpeJie 1867 r. B 3HaqllT0JibBOH Mepe C n;eJihIO Bhl3BaTh XOTH 6hl Bpe
M0HH00 omHBJI0HHe aKOHOMHqecKoii: iRH3HH CTpaHbl II OCJia6HTh 3THM He,u;o
BOJlhCT�O 6ypmyaaHH. BhlCTaBKa, Ha ycTpO:ÜCTBO ROTOpoii 6hlJIO 3aTpaqeno
OKOJIO 24 MHJIJIHOHOB q>paHKOB, He onpanp;aJia, O)J;HaIW, B03JiaraBmnxca Ha Hee
Ha.D;em)l;. IlocJrn ee aaKphlTHH, B OKTH6pe 1867 r., pecny6JIHKaHcKaH neqaTL
rro,u;qepRHBaJia, qTo oua «ocTaBHJia npOMhlIDJieHHOCTh H roproBJIIO B COCTOHHHH
IIOJIHoro HCTOIIl;BHHH Il onJiaTHJia 3aTpaqeBHMe Ha Hee cpe]J;CTBa MHOil{eCTBOM
6aHKpOTCTB» 20•
IIpoBaJI J(11IlJIOMaTH1:J0CKHX ManeBpOB Il ROJIOHna.'!JhHhIX aBaHTIOp Hano
.:I00Ha III, oKoWJ:aTeJILHo onpe,u;eJI:nBmHiicH B 1867 r., ycyry6JIHJI H0.D;OBOJihCTBO
17 A. L. Du n h a m. The anglo-french treaty of commerce of 1860 and the progress
of the industrial revolution in France. University of Michigan Press, HX30; C. F o h I e n.
L'industrie textile au temps du second empire. Paris, 1956; M. L é v y. Histoire écono
mique et Sùdale de la France depuis IB,4B. Université de Paris, 1951-1952.
18 «J
ournal des écon9mistes», 1868, janvier, p. 117.
19 Annuaire de l'économie politique et de la statistique. Paris, 1868, p. 500.
20
Le bilan de l'année 1868. Paris, 1868, p. 4.
53
6yp.mya3HM. Bypmya3HfüI OIIll03.flIJ;MOHHaH rreqaTb B KOHIJ,e 1867 r. OTKphlTO
rrepel!HCJUIJia rropameHHH H Hey,n;aqu rrpaBIIT0JlhCTBa BTopon IIMII0pllll Ha Me
m,n;ynapo,n;Hoii: apeHe: ero IIOJilITIIKY BO BpeMH aBCTpo-npyccKoii BOHHhl 1866 r.,
-crroco6cTBoBaBinyro yc1wem2uo IIpyccnII B yrri;ep6 <DpaHIJ,HH; KOJie6Juorri;y10cn:,
npoTJrnope-q1rnyro Il03HIJ;HIO BO Bpe1.-rn: IIOJibCKOro BOCCTaHHH 1863 r., o6ocTplIB
myro OTHOmeHHH <l>paHIJ,JIH C Poccneiî II ne 3aBOeBaBmyIO CIIMIIaTHH IlOJIHKOB;
npe,n;rrpHHHTbie HM 6e3ycneIDHhle IIOIIhlTKH rrpHCOe)J;HHJITb JlIOKCeM6ypr
R <Dpanu;1u1, ero p;BoiîcTBeHHYIO rroJIHTHKY B MTaJIHH. CaM1>1M pe3KHM narra,n;
IŒM B netiaTH n B 3aKOHO,n;aTe:IbHOM Koprryce IIO,JJ;BepraJIOCb rrpaBHTeJihCTBO
B CBH3M C KpaxoM :\Ie:nCIIRaHCKOH ROJIOHIIaJihHOH 8KCII0,JJ;IIIJ,HH, OKOHl!aTeJibHO
BhIHCHHBIDHMCH B 1867 r. 8xcnep;nIJ,HH aTa, rrpe,n;npIIHHTaH HarroneoHOM III
B 1862 r. B HHTepecax cppaHIJ,Y3CRIIX 6aHKIIpOB 11 B yro,n;y KJiepHKaJiaM, IIOTpe6oBaJia OT <DpaHu;n11 orpo�IHhIX pacxO,I(OB na co,n;epmaHHe B TeqenIIe l!CThlpex
.rreT noqTn 40-ThlCJPIHOli 01-tKynaIJ,IIOHHOH apMHH B MeKCIIKe. <<<l>paHD;llH COBep
rneHHO 6ecIIOJI03HO rromepTBOBa.Jia CBOIIMil COJI,IJ;aTaMH H CBOHMII MHJIJIHO
HaMH>>,- rrnca.rr n ROHIJ,e 1867 r. <<Journal des économistes>> 21 • B 3aKoHo,I(a
TeJibHOM KOpnyce r:raBap:u OllII03MIJ,IIH IIO,IJ;BepraJIH cyponoi KpHTHKe BOopy
meHHYIO HHTepBeHIJ,HIO B MeKCHKe, CTOJih 6eccJiaBHO npoBaJIHBIDYIOC.H ... 22.
f
B TecHoii CBH3H c uo.111Tf 'Iec:n1nn1 HaCTpoeHHHMH «ppaHqyacxo:ü 6ypmya3HH, pocToM ee He,r:i;oBepna II ox.'!am,n;eHnH R rrpaBHTeJihCTBY HanoJieoHa III
CJie,n;yeT paccMaTpHBaTb OROHllaTeJibHOe O(pOpMJI0HIIe B 1867 r. TaK Ha31>1Bae
MOJ°I TpeTbCM rrapnrn:, a;::cpo ROTopo:ü, no,n; Ha3BaHH0M {(JIH6epaJihHOro COI03a>>,
IIaMBTHJIOCb yme B 1863 r., BO Bpe)UI B:bI6opoB n 3aKOHO,n;aTeJihHhlH KOpnyc.
BHOBh C03,I(aHHaH OilII03HIJ;HOHHaH napnaMeHTCKaH rpynnIIpOBRa BhlCTYilHJia
c ,n;eMaronPrnc1wii rr.;1aT<püpMoH: <<Ilporpecc nyTeM cB06o;a;1>1 6e3 peBoJIIOIJ,HF1'>,
l!TO B ,n;eiîcTBHT0JibHOCTH 03Ha4aJIO Tpe60B8HHe IlOJIHTHl!0CRIIX CBOOO,IJ; ,JJ;JIH 6yp
mya3HH nyTeM ROHCTHTYll,HOIIHOfO rrpeo6pa30BaHHH HMIIepnH.
B ROHn;e cenn16pH 1867 r. rrpecpeKT napHmcROH IIOJIHIJ;HH B )];OHecen1u1 Ha
noJieoHy III ROHcTan1poBaJI pocT <<OnacHhIX HacTpoeHH:Ü:>> cpe,n;H nap1uRcKoii
6ypmya3HH. KOTopaH, no ero, CJIOBaM, <<60Jiee ll0-M ROfA3--JIH6o noÂqepKHBa€-T
CBOIO pa,n;:uRaJibHYIO II CIICTeMaTnqecKyIO OilII03lIIJ;lIIOt. Bypmya3H.H, YTBep
ïR)];a.JI npe«pe:KT, (<C yp;oBOJibCTBIIeM BOCIIp::UHHMaeT Hana,n;KH rreqaTH, HeycTaHHO
TBep)];HT, 4TO HaHeceH y,r:i;ap BHeIDHeMy rrpeCTHm'.Y HMIIep»H, MaTepHaJil>HOMY
npon;BeTaHHIO CTpaHhl, .na H caMoii rapaHTHH coxpaneHHH o6rri;ecTB0HHoro rro
PHARa u 1w·aoepnaTHDHhIX IIHTepecoB» 23• H.a.R BH�·HM, npmpeB."T nap::umcxo:ü: no
JIHIJ;IIH o6paru;aJI BHHMaH:rre HarroJieoHa III Taxme na Kpa:ü:Hee He)J;OBOJibCTBO
6ypmya3HH ero BHyTpeHHeii IIOJIIITHIWË:, He o6ecneqHBIDeii HMYIIJ;HM KJiaccaM
CilOROHHoe IIOJib30BaH:ue :rrx npHBHJierHHMH, IlOCTaBIIBIDeii: no;a; y,n;ap coxpaHe
HHe HX <ŒOHCepBaTHBHbIX HHTepeCOB».
Becrr.TJO,JJ;HOCTb ,n;eM:aroruqecxoro 3anrpb1BaHHH C pa6oqHMII, Ha IIYTh KOTO
poro CTaJI HarroJieOH I 1 I co BpeMeHH cBoero npHxo;a;a K BJiacTH, Hn«or;a;a
paHhme He 61>ma Tan JICHa cppaHu;y3cKoii 6ypm:ya3HH, KaR B 1867" ro,n;y. R aToMy
npeMeHH oaa mwHqaTeJihHO y6e,n;1mac1> B TOM, qTo HanoJieoHy III He y,n;aJiocb
«IIpRpytIHTh>) pa6otiee ABIHlieHHe, JIHIDIITb ero caMOCTOHTBJihHOCTH. ):lame
OTCTaJible CJIOH pa6oqHX, o6MaHyThle Ha nepBhlX rropax JIHIJ,eMepnoii IIOJIHTH
KO:Ü HMIIepaTopa, HR06hI rrpecJie,n;oBaBmeii 33Ill;HTY IIX HHTepecoB, IIOCTCII8HHO
,.,
œBo6om,ri;a.TJ'HCh OT oneRH OOHanaPTHCTCRHX BJiaCT0ll. 0 aro:u CBH,IJ;0'00JlhCTBOBaJIH ,IJ;OHeceHHH reHepaJibHbIX npoKypopoB II npe«peRTOB lIMIIepHH.
u
o�
<<Journal des économistes>>, 1868, janvier, p. 117.
F. E. La 11 y. French opposition to the Mexican policy of the Second empire.
Béiltimore, 1931; L. M. Ca se. French opinion on war and diplomacy during the Second
empire. Philadelphia, 1954.
23 Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale, t. II. Paris, 1871, p. 275. Cabi
net du préfet de police. Note pour l'empereur, 30 septembre 1M7
21
22
54
3KOHOMlllOOCKHH RPH'3HC 1866-1867 fOAOB crroco6cTBOBa.'I ,,IJ;a.,1:bHe:Ürne--My
pocTy aHTB6oHarrapTBCTCROro ABHifŒHIUI cpe,n;n pa6oqnx Macc n em;e 6oJIL
meMy o6ocTpeHDIO KJiaCCOBOH 6oph6hI B CTpaHe. 1867 ro;::i;, oco'6eHHO BTopaH
ero IlOJlOBDHa, Kor,u;a 3ROHOMDqecKHH KpH3llC J];OCTHf BO CDpaHD;HH HaH60JihIIIeH
OCTPOThl, Jler THiKe,JihIM 6peMeHeM Ha IIJie11H pa6oqHx, CTpap;aBIDHX OT COKpa
m;eHHH npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa, CHHiKeHHH 3apa6oTHOll rr:rnThl, o6IIJ,ero yBeJIHqeHH.H ROC
BeHHhIX HaJioroB, ;u;oporOBH3Hhl X.lle6a H ;r::i:pyrnx npo,n;yRTOB IIHTaHHH, B3,n;opo
maHHH RBapn1pHoii IIJiaTbl. YcDJieHHeM CTaqeqno:ü 6oph6hl BCTpeTDJIH q>paH
u;yacRHe pa601IHe HOBOe HaCTYIIJieHne 6ypmyaan:u Ha HX lliU3HeHHbIH ypoBeHb.
B q>eBpaJie - MapTe -1867 r. B IIapHme 6acTOB3.'IO HeCNO:IhRO ThICHq pa6oqnx6pOH30BIIJ;DROB, .o;o61rnaBIBDXCH IIOBblilleHHH 3apa6oTHOH ITJia Thl; B Ma pTe 6hlJia
o6'bHB.'IeHa CTa"IJKa Tpex C JUIIDHBM ThlCHq 11apHIBCRHX IIOpTHhIX; B TOM me Me
CHIJ,e 6aCTOBaJID pa6011ne RaHaTHOfO rrpOII3BO,:J;CTBa B IIapIIme, TKa1IH II rrpH
�JlhIIJ;IŒ'.H Py6a. B a11peJie 6acToBaJIH 400 yr:ieno110B cDIOBO (p;e11. YcThH Po
.1:U,r), B HIOHe - KpoBeJihIIJ;HK:H ÜHq>Jiepa (;a;e11. naJihBa;a;oc), B HIOJie - na6oii:
m;HnH TIŒHH B TypRyaHe, RpacH::ChIIJ,IIRn Be:nopa H pa6o-cine ;a;pyrwx cneu;n
aJihHOCTeiî Ha T8RCTH.71bHblX npep;rrpHHTHHX A:\IbeHa, maxTepbl RaMeHHOyrOJih
lfOfO 6accen.Ha Ila-.o;e-Ka;re, pa6o-ciHe paa:11I"IIHhlx npo<f>eccwii B HHhIX 11poMhim
JieHHhIX o6JiacTHX <DpaHU.HH 24•
<<PacTeT 'IBCJIO MHTeiHHhlX aq>Hm II Hal);rrnceii>> 25,- coo6IIJ,aJI 15 ceHTH6pH
1867 r. Ha110JieoHy Ill o HacTpoeHnH pa6o-ciux cTo:n1u,b1 npeq>eRT nap1I.IBCROH
IIOJIBU.IIIL 22 ceHTH6pH OH BHOBh npe;r:r;y11pem;::i;a.ri:: <<B npe.ri;:�rnCTbHX o6Hapy11ŒHhl IIHCbMa, co.n;epmaIIJ,IIe yrp03bI no a,a;pecy x:ie6oToprOBD;0B, MHTeïHHhle
aq>DIDH C Bhlnaµ;aMH n ponrn ca�rnro HMIIep aTopa, npOII3HOCHTCH p;ep 3RHe pe-ciH,
B HIIX JI)f.elOTCH HaIIO)IIJ.HaH,HH O Heypomae 1847 r. 8-n1 HaCTp00HHH CJl'HIIl!KO.M
pacnpocTpaHeHhI H Tpe6yIOT R ce6e cyry6oro BHHMaHIIH>>. IIpeq>eRT p;aJrne yT
eepm.n;a.rr, qTo «pa6oqBe BCTpeqaJOTCH n co6upaIOTCH -cia1I1,e o6bPIHOrO» n qTo
«B 'IIX cpe,rzy npoHBRaIOT arJITaTOpbI, ROTOpbie CTapaIOl'CH Boa6y,n;HTh ·B HlIX 03JI06JieHBe >> 26•
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IlapBma BHOBh BBeCTH B ;a;eftcTBHe CT. 5 npaBHTeJII,CTBeHHOro p;eKpeTa OT 31
aBrycTa 1863 r. 0 TaR Ha3hIBaeMO:H ROMIIeHcauun li accnrHoBaTb CBhlIIIe 3 MDJI
JIDOHOB (j>paHKOB ;D;JIH BbIITJia Thl BJia.l];e.TibU.aM 1200 nap1Illi.CKHX XJie6one1mpeH
pa8HHIJ;hl Mem,zy cym;ecTBYIOIIJ,eii, B3BHHqeHHOÏI u;eao:ü Ha XJie6 li IJ,eHOH, 110 RO
TOpoii: 11apHïRCRH:Ü: MYHHIJ,HIIamneT npe;n;naraJI HM npo,z::i:aBaTb XJie6 HaCeJieHHIO.
« BepxoBHaH a,n;MHHHCTpan;H.H OT)J,aeT ce6e OT"CJeT B TOM,-yRa3blB8JIOCb 16
HOH6pH 1867 r. B nepep;OBOH CTaThe Oq>HD;HaJibHOro cy,r:i;e6Horo opraHa HMIIe
pHH <<La Gazette des Tribunaux>>,- -ciTo B Harneü CTpaHe, oco6eHHO B IlapHme,
BJI8CTh He 'MO>HeT OC'TaBaTbCH 003pa3JJH"IIHO:Ü n p,ocTy I(eH Ha XJIOO B lfTO Heo6xop;DMO, qTo6hl B fO)J;hl ,r:i;oporOBH3Hbl OHa BMemuBaJiaCb II rrpeIIHTCTBOBaJia IIO
Bhl'meHHIO ll.8'.H cnepx 'H3B0CTHOro ypoBH.ff>) 27.
AHTHIIpaenTeJibCTBeHHhle aq>HIDH 6bIJIII B nOHD,C 1867 r. o6HapymeHbl IIO
JIHD;Heft H B pa6o"IJeM 11pep;MeCThe .ITuoHa I{pya-Pycc. B HHX cop;epm:aJIHCh npH
Mhle Ha11a,z::i:RH na HanoJieoHa III. <<3ToT rHycHhIH THpaH,- roBopDJIOCh B on;
Hon ll3 HDX,- OCM0JIHJICH npOJIHBaTI, npOBh q>paHU.Y30B II 6e3iH8JIOCTHO
HCTpe6JIHTh HamDX 6paTh0B B lfTaJIHlI B HHTepecax HeHaBHCTHbIX He3yHTOB B
)zyXOBeHCTBa. ÛH paaopHeT CTpaHy, "CJT06h1 noc:i:aTh 30JIOTO narre, B TO Bp0MH
<<LE' Courrier français>>, 1867, juin - décembre; F. L' Hu i 11 i e r. La lutte ouvrière
à la fin du Second empire. Paris, 1957, p. 15-20; P. L é o n. La naissance de la grande in
dustrie en Dauphiné, t. 2. Paris, 1954, p. 769; P. Léo n. Les grèves de 1867-1870 dans le
département de l'Isère. <<Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine>>, octobre - dé
cembre 1954, p. 287.
25 Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale, t. II, p. 264. Rapport du préfet
de police. Paris, le 15 septembre 1867.
26 Ibid., p. 267-268. Rapport du préfet de police. Paris, le 22 septembre 1867.
27 <1La Gazette des Tribunaux», 16 novembre 1867.
24
55
Ka:K ,H'aIDH ,u:eTIJI YMHparor OT XûJIOA'a 'H ro.,110,u:a. l1opa601.QeHHblÎi 1Hapo,u:, Ha 'ITO
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B ,u:aJieIUIX l1 6ecnJIO,U:HhIX BOHH8X>> 28•
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2 n 4 HOH6pn 1867 r.
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rapn6aJIL)];HHqeB, rrpep;upHHHBIDHX HOBYID nonbITKY ocBo6o]J;HTb PnM. B Ila
pH»rn COCTOHJH:ICL ,n;Be RpyrrHhle MaHHcpecra�HII, B KOTOphIX, HapH,n;y c pa6o
qnMH, yqaCTBOBaJIH ,U:eMORpaTH40CKH0 CJIOII 6ypmya3JUI: 2 HOHOpH - Ha MoH
MapTpCKOM RJia;a;6:m.n;e ·y �rnnr.,'Ihl 6opn;a aa na:qa:0HaJI1>Hoe oo'he)JJIHeHue MraJIBH
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OHH, CJIOMHB corrpOTHBJ18HHe rrarrcKHX BOHCK, np116JIH.IB8JIHCI> K PnMy.
M:aocoBhie MaH.Hq>eeTaIJ;HH HaqaJia ROH6p.H 1867 r. 'HOCHJIH, O�HaKo, CT'H
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npaBHTeJILCTBeHHblMH npec.1e;a;oBaHHHMH H npeo6Jia)];aHHeM B ee pyKOBOACTBe
npaBhIX npy;a;onncroB, 6blna necnoco6Ba HX B08rJiaBHTL. Bypmyaaahle pecny6JIHKaHn;1,1, )];eIIyTaTbl JieBOH q>paKqllH 3aKOHO)];aTeJibHOro KOprryca, KJieHMHB
mne nepoJIOMHYID noJIHTHRY Hano.rreoHa III B MTaJIHH, B pema10m;nii MoMeHT
ycrpaHHJIHCb OT yqaCTH.H B TOH H Apyron M8HBq>ecran;HH, onacaHCh peBOJIID�H
OHHoro B3phIBa B IIapHme. Bce OHH - H Te, RTO npnHa)];JiearnJI K yMepeHHO
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THBHHRaMII CBepmeHH.H HMnepnu nyreM napO.l{HOH peBOJIIDTI;HJ:I. JlH6epaJihHhle
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I'OTOBl>I 6.bIJIH ]J;OBOJILCTBOBa TbC.H ycTaHOBJieHHeM napJiaMeHTCI.œ:M nyreM ROB
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TIICTCJWfO pmK0'Ma, 3arOBOpH.1H O B03MOIBHOCTl:I ycTaHOBJl8HIUI pecny6JIHKJI
nyTe:l\f nceo6:m;ero rOJIOCOBaHHH, ocym;eCTB.TJ:eHHOro B yCJIOBR.HX HMnep:n:H. 3TOT
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THB no6opHI1ROB peBOJJIOIJ;HOHHblX cpep;CTB 6opb6hl aa pecny6JIHKY, npn:3b.IBRH
npe,n;aBaT.b T8KHX pecny6JIHRam:i;eB B PYKH rrpanocyp;HH napaBHe C yroJIOBHhIMH
npeCTYIIHHRaMH.
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con,naJIHCTHTJecKoro PYROBO,U:CTBa pa601IHM ABHilŒHHeM H Kpa:iîHeii Bpam,ne6HOCTH K peBOJIIDD;HOHHOMY rrpoJieTapHaTy JI:o:6epaJibHO:H 6ypmyaa1n1, y1paTHB
meü: OhlJIYID cnoco6HOCTh B03fJI3BIITI:, peBOJlIO�HOHHOe J];BH»ŒHHe B crpaHe,
BhlC,TYIIJI0HIIH 2 JI 4 HOH6pa He MOfJIH naHeCTH HMIIepHH pema10m;ero y.n;apa.
MemJJ;y TeM noJIHTHqecRaH 06craHoB1m B IlapHme 6hIJia .n;o TaRoË: c-renenn
HanpH.IB8HHOii, lfTO MapRc H 3HreJI&C, BHl:IMaTeJil>HO c.ne�BmHe 3a pa3BHTH0M
RJiaCCOBOH 6op1>obl BO <I>paHD;HH, ClfRTaJin ee 1IpeBaroii peBOJIIO�ei. 2 HO.H6p11
MapKC, coo6:m;a.H 8nreJILCY O maTROM no:.mmeHHH HMIIepHH, He HCKJIID1IaJI B03MO.IBHOCTH TOro, qTo <<BO <l>paHD;HH, rrpH TerrepemHHX �eHax Ha XJie6, RPII3Hce
L yon, cité républicaine, Etude collecth·e. <<18-48. Revue des révoJutions contempo
raines», 1951, N 189, p. 123.
28
56
B ;r:r;enax H He,II;OBOJlbCTBe- :B03MO.lliHa one fine morning 29 peBOJIIOIJ;HH>> 30•
3areJibC IlOJIHOCTLIO paa,:1;eJI.HJI T01Iny apeHHH Map1œa 31•
1 HOH'OpSI, tHaKaHyHe II3fPH.lliCKlIX 1Ma.IDiq>€CTan;nii, 1I.1eH renepaJihHOro ûOB•eTa.
HHTepHaI�BOHaJia, ceKpeTapL-KOppecrroH,r::i;eHT ;r:r;.rr.a <Dpam:i;1nr 8.meH ,[.(IOIIOH IIJI
caJI na Jl-cm,n;OHa 11nmry IIapHHreKOI'O 6ropo MaTepnan;uoHaJia IIiPY)J;'OOIIICTY Ille- :u:aJie: « qTo BLI npe;a;npHHHMaeTe TaM, B IIapnme? EcTh JIII y l1HTepHan;HoHaJia
maHCLI 6hlTb ycJILIID8HHLIM cpe;r:r;n Bceii ::no:ü: cppaHKO-UTaJih.HHCKOH qexap,n;hl?
qTO KacaeTCH MeHH, TO H B Te'leHne p.a,n;a p;He:Ü: Haxomych B COCTOHHHH Rpaü:
uero Boa6ym;r:r;eHHH; Kam;a;LIÜ: ;r:r;eHh o:am,n;aro ycJihlIJ.IaTh H3B8CTHe O BOCCTaHHH
B Ilapnme •.. >> 32• Ilo�o6uo .z:(10n0Hy, .u;pyrHe cppaHqy3c:nHe con;naJinCTLI, TOMHB
mHec.a B 8MHrpa1µ1n, 6LIJIH Rpa:ii:He 06ecno1meHhI OTCYTCTBHeM ,Il;OJiiRHOrO pyKO
BO,II;CTBa napnmcKHM npoJieTapnaTO�I B :\10:�ŒHT :npaiiHero Hanp.HmeHIIH IIOJIII
TIPleCKOii o6cTaHOBKH B CTpaHe.
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TOJlbKO B IIapHme, HO n BO BCeii <DpaHD;IU:I rrrn:pHJIOCh He,IJ;OBOJihCTBO pa6oqnx
Il IMemmü: 6ypmya'3HH. TaR, Ha(IlpH1Mep, B ;:J;OH0Ce'HHH na JlHoHa B ,11;eKa6pe
1867 r. coo6m;a.rroc1>: << Y1Ka3hlBaIOT Ha Henmrnpaoe B3ÀopomanHe KBapT'JfpHOii
IIJ18Thl Il naTeHTOB, Ha pOCT H8J10rOB, Ha ;r:r;oporOBH3HY XJie6a .n MHCa... HaceJie
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HOBJI0HH.H MyHnn;nnaJibHOrO coneTa>> 34.
B 1868 r. <DpaHIJ;HH npoµ;oJima;ra OCTaBaThCH B THlli81868 ro�.
JIOM a:KOHOMH1IeCROM IIOJIOïReHHH, BHyrnaBIIIeM nce
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ceHnn OT 8 MapTa 1868 r. coo6m;aJI B IleTep6ypr: <<B p;aHHhIÜ MOM0HT 60JI1>me
Bcero 6ecnOKOHT npaBHTeJILCTBO Tpyp;Hoe IIO:IOlli0HHe, B ROTOpOM HaXO)];HTCH
3KOHOMH1IeCKaH IBH3Hh CTp8Hhl. Co BCex CTOpüH il\aJiylOTCH Ha TO, 'IJTO p;eJia
H,D;YT rrJioxo, maJiyIOTCH Ha 6eapa6oTnn;y, Ha p;oporoBnaHy, em;e 6oJiee ycyry6JIHIO�yro nce 6e,n;CTBHH. IIocJie)J;HHH ,il;HBH)];eH,a; <DpaHn;yac1wro 6aHRa 6hIJI Ha
30 % HHme ;ZJ;llBH;ZJ;8Hp;a npomJIOfO ro,n;a, li TaR KaK 3TO y11pem,r::i;eHHe .HBJIHeTCH
peryJIHTOpOM IIOJIOIBeHHH ,n;eJI, TO OTCIO)];a crrpaBe,11;.1nrno ,r::i;eJiaIOT BbIBO;ZJ; 06
yna,n;1rn IIpOH3BO;IJ;CTBa H IIOTpe6JI�HHH>) 35..
Tpn KpyIIHhlX M10pOIIpHHTHH, ocy�OCTBJieHHhIX <ppaHu;yacJGI'M rrpa1B'IITeJih
CTBOM B rrepBoii IIOJIOBHH0 1868 r., rrpn BCeM IIX pa3.1H1IHII 6hlJIH, B cym;HOCTH,
uanpaBJI0Hhl K O,IJ;HOH n;eJIH: R yKperr.rieHHIO l\Œlli)];yHapo;r:i;Horo Il BHyTpeHHero
noJiomeHHH HMnepHH. lb,cenHo TaRnx peay.'IhTaToB omn,n;aJI OT HHX Harro
Jieou III. 8THMH MeponpnHTHHMH 6hlJIH: BOeHHaH peq,opMa, rrpHHHTaH 3aKO
HOJJ;aTeJibHhlM KopnycoM B HHBape 1868 r., Talt Ha3bIBaeMhle JIH6epaJihHhle aa
KOHLI O ne118TH H O IIYQJIIIlJHhlX Cû6paHHHX, I-I3;:J;aHHhie B Mae,-.n10He Toro me
ro.n;a, u )];Ba cyµ;e6uLix npon;ecca rrapnmc1wü opraHnaan;nn lfHTepHan;noHaJia,
IIO)];fOTOBRa Il npoBe)];eHHe ROTOPhIX npon:cxo,n;n:nr OJJ;HOBpeMeHHO C rro,n;roTOB
ROH H naµ;aHH0M (<JIH6epaJibHLIX 3aKOHOB>>.
B OllHB npeicpacm.r:ë: �eHL.
R. Mapire � <I>. 8u,re.11:,cy, 2 noJJ6pa 186ï r. K. Ma p R c n: <I>. 3 H r e .1 L c. Coq.,
XXIII, CTp. 464.
29
30
T.
31
32
Ta� me, erg. 465-466; T. XXV, CTJ). 502.
Procès de 1 Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris. Première et deu
xième Commissions du Bureau de Paris. Paris, 1870, p. 43.
33 ropo,l(CKO:ii llB03Blil'H ·HaJior.
Lyon, cité républicaine. Etude collective. <ii848. Revue des révolutions contempo
123.
IIOJIHTH,KH Pocc1rn (,a;a.1ee ABITP). naHu., A· 113, JI. 88. BapoB
GyAoepr fop11aK0By. Ilapam, 25 q>eBpa.1H (8 }rapra) 1868 r.
34
raines•, 1951, N •189, p.
35 ApxHB BHemue:ë:
57
BoeH IIfüI peq,opMa IIO,l1;fOTOB.1UI:IaCh BO <l>paHD;HH C KOHu;a 1866 r. ÛHa 61:,1Jia
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qaJibHbIM rrpoeRT peq>op:Mbl, ony6JnIKOBaHHblÜ B ,n;eKa6pe 1866 r., rrpe,n;ycMaT
p1rna:r, B lIHCJie npOlIMX rrpeo6pa30BaHJIH, yseJIH1I0HIIe B,D;BOe "tJIICJieHHOCTH Ka,n;
pOBOÎi apMHH, HaC"t!HThIBaBmeii s TO BpeMH no.ri; pymheM OKOJIO 400 ThICH1I "t!e
JIOBeK 36, M C03,n;aHne, B AO IIO.J:HeHirn K Heii, 400-ThlC.HlIHOÜ M06HJihHOÜ rsap,D;IIM.
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n;RH B'O'eHHOro 3aKOHa 1855 ro;:i;a, rrpe):l;OCTHBJIHBIDero ·HM B03MOIBHOCTh IIOJII,30BaThCH npHBHJierMe:ii: 3aMeCTIITeJihCTBa (l'éxonération) II q>aKTlI1I8CKH OCB060m,n;anmero MX OT BOeHHOH c:IyIB6hI. IlpoeRT BOeHHOH peq)OpMbl npe,n;ycMaTpH
BaJI OTMetty aToii rrpirn:m1ernn. MMy�IIe 1macc1:,1 nyraJio TaKme co3,n;aHHe BHe
Ka,n;poBoir CIIJ.IhHOH, o6y"l!eHHoi'r Mo611JihHOii rnap,n;H:u. Hapo,n;Hhle Macc1>1 ropo,n;a
H ,n;epeBHlI, Ha IWTOphIX JIOIBU.1aCh BCH THIBeCTh BOHHCKOÜ IIOBHHHOCTII, ycMaT
pHBaJin B yBeJIHl!8HMII lIHc.rreHHOCTH cppam::i;yacKoii apMHII yrpoay HOBhlX arpec
CMBHhIX BOHH MMIIepnn, KOTOphie IlOB:IeKyT 3a co6oii ,n;aJibHeiiIIIIIe THHŒJihle
mepTBhI. He MeHee Bpam,ri;e6HyIO peaRIJ;lIIO BhI3BaJI y mMpOKIIX Macc HaCeJieH1rn:
H ony6JIMROBaHHhIH B 1\tapTe 1867 r. ,n;pyroü Bap:uaHT npoeKTa, npe,n;ycMaTpH
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HHH>> aToro paHOHa 38• Ana.:IOrll1IHhie p;oHeceHHH IlOCTyIIaJIII noqTM OT BCeX
nmepaJihHhIX np01ry1popoB Bropoii H:.\l1IIeipHH 39.
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Jlllillh CJia6o HaIIOMMHaJI nepBOHal!aJihHhIH 3aKOHOIIpOeKT 1866 r. Ilo MH8HIIIO
Tanoro 3HaTORa BOeHHhIX BonpocoB, RaK 3areJihC, HOBaH CHCTeMa, npMHHTRfl
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peHHIOIO opraHH3aD;MIO q>paHu;y3CROH apMHII 40 • BoHanapTIICTCKOe 6oJib
illMHCTBO 3aKOHO,U:aTeJihHOrO KOpnyca He pemaJIOCb 11,D;Tll Ha pa,n;HKaJ[bHYIO
BOeHHyIO pecpopMy, onaca.HCh IIOTep.HTh roJioca CBOIIX H36HpaTeJiei-Kpe
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B 1869 r.
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MeHM C 3 JieT, HaMe1IaBIDHXCH B 1866 r., ,n;o 15 ,n;ae:iî. )];a H Ha 3TOT KOpOTKHB
cpoK OHa HM pasy, ,n;o nOHn;a cyIIJ;eCTBOBaHHH MMIIepHH, He 6hlJia C03BaHa. He3a,D;OJITO ,n;o OÔ'b.HBJieHMH q>paHKO-npyccKOH BOHHhl, B KOHIJ;e lIIOHH 1870 r., TO
r,D;aIIIHHH BOeHHhIH MMHMCTP <DpaHII;MII Jle6eq> rrp.HMO 3a.HBIIJI B 3aKOHO,D;aTeJib�
HOM Roprryce, l!TO �fOOIIJibHaJI rnap,A1I'H, B cy�OC"ffil, He opraHH30BaŒla, OBa
Ha 6y11are no <ppaHI..Q'3CHOÜ apMBH tIHCJIBJIOCI:. CBLlme 600 TLIC. 11eJIOBeK.
Gordon \V ri g h t. Public opinion and conscription in France 1866-1870. dour
nal of Modern history►>, 1942, march, vol. XIV, N 1, p. 33.
38 Ibid., p. 36.
39 C:M. ,Il;OHeCeHHH reHepa:IbHblX npoKypopoB H IIJ)eq>eKTOB Bropoii HXUepBH aa 18661867 rr. B «Journal of Modern history». 1942 vol. XIV, N 1.
40 <ll. 8nrem,c - R. Ma•pm:y, 22 mo::r.H 1870 r. R. M a p R c H <1>. 3 H r e JI Le. Co,q_,
36
37
r. XXTV; crp. 361.
58
-«C�eCTByeT TOJihKO Ha 6yMare» 41 • Ha 6yMare OCTaJIHCh H HeROTOpLie p;pyrne
Bamnhle Meponp:U:HTHH, npep;ycMaTpHBaBmHeCH 3aKOHOM 1868 r.
Pa,wi:KaJILHO nepecTpOHTh q>paH:ayacKyIO BOeHHYIO CJICTeMy II npH 8TOM
YABOHTh 'lHCJieuuocTh Ka)];pOBoii apMHH rrpanHTeJihCTBY. HarrmreoHa III, .BcJie)];
CTBHe HeIIpO'lHOCTH ero II03HD;HH B CTpaHe, Tal{ 11 He y)];aJIOCh. BoeHHaH pe
q>opMa B TOM Bll}le, B KaKOM OHa 6nIJia yaaimneHa B HHBape 1868 r., He MorJia
CJIYlRHTh na11;emHoi OCHOBOH BOeHHblX IIJiaHOB HMIIepaTopa, CBH3aHHhIX, B qa.
CTHOCTH, C o6ocTpeHIIeM q>paHKO-IIpyccKHX OTHOIII0HHH IIOCJie aBCTpo-IIpyccKOÜ.
BOHHbI 1866 r. IIpaBHTeJihCTBo BTopoft HMnepnn, no cnpaBe;IJ;JIHBOMY aaMeqa
HHIO q>paHo;yac1mro ucTopu1m A. Cope.rrH, <<He nMeJio nn ,n;ocTaToqHoii CHJihl,
qT061i1 aacTaBHTh 3aKoHo,n;aTeJihHhlH KOprryc npHHHTh B00HHhl8 peq>opMhl, CTaB
mHe neo6XOlJ;HMhlMH, HH AOCT3TO'lHOfO MYïlŒCTBa, qT06h1 OTKphITO IIPHHHTh
061:teAHHeHHe fepMaHHH. Ono 6hlJIO, TaKIIM o6pa30M, Bl�Hym,n;eHo H36paTb HaH
XYAilIYIO no31HTII.KY: JIA'TH HaBc-rpe-qy Boftne, ,He o6ecneqHB ce6H cpe,n;cTBat.i\n1,
neo6xoWIMbIMH ,n;JIH ee ycnemHoro Be,n;eHIIH>> 42 •
*
*
*
H3p;3HHe TaK Ha3bIBaeMhlX JI116epa:JhHhIX 3aROHOB - 0 netiaTH OT 11 MaH
1868 rop;a, 0 rry6JIHqHhIX co6paH:rrnx OT 6 IIIOHH - TaKllie He npHB0JIO npamI
T0JlhCTBO BTopoii 11Mrrep1I11 K yrrpoqeHHIO ero rroJim-EeHHH BHYTPH cTpaHhl. II0c.1rn IIO'ITH 110.JIYTOpaJieTHeii 6oph6I,I B npaBHTeJibCTBeHHhlX C<pepax Hano
JI00H Ill pem11JICH, HaimHeu;, BhIIIO.JIHHTh .n;aHHOe HM B <peBpaJie 1867 r., B TpOH
HOH peq11 rrpH OTRPhITHH oqepep;Hoii cecCIHI 3anOHO,z::t;aTeJibHOrO Kopnyca, o6e
m.aa:e:e JIH6epaJihHhlX peqmpM. 8TllM OH paccl!HThIBaJI YMHpOTBOPilTh OIIIl03H
qHOHHhle KpyrH 6ypmya3HH, BCe HacToiiqHBee Tpe6oBaBIIIHe (<Heo6xo,z::t;HMhlX
CBo6o;i;». 3aROHOM OT 11 MaH OTMeHHJiaCb o6H3aTeJihHOCTb rrpep;Bap11TeJibHOfO
rrpaBHT8JlhCTBeHHOfO pa3pemeHHH ,z::t;JIH HOBhIX opraHOB neqaTH, ycTaHOBJieH
Haa q>eBpaJibCKIIM ,u;eRpeTOM 1852 r. Ü)];Ha1rn B HOBOl\rI 3aROHe no-rrpemaeMy
coxpaHHJICH BbICOKHli rep60BbIH c6op, ROTOpbIM OHM o6JiaraJIHCh (B IIapHilΠOH
,IJ;OCTHfaJI 50 ThIC. q>paHKOB), a 3TO npaiiHe aarpyp;HHJIO BhIXO)]; B CBeT ,n;eMO
KpaT1I1IeCKBX II3)];3HHH.
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Tep. 8 8TOM CJiyqae TpeooBa.JIOCh crren_HaJibHOe paapeIIIeHHe, KOTOpoe Bhl,n;aBa
JIOCh TOJihKO B nepHO,IJ;hl H36:e:paTeJihHhlX KaMrraHHH ITO 3aHBJieHHIO, rro,n;nncaH
HOMY ceMhIO >RHTeJIHMH KOMMYHhl, Ha reppHTOPIIH KOTOpoii npe.n;nonaraJIOCb
YCTpOBCTBO co6paHHH. HpoMe Toro, HH O,z::t;HO rry6JIHqHoe co6paHne He MOfJIO
COCTOHThCH 6e3 npncyTCTBHH Ha HeM IIOJIHqeÜCROro KOMHccapa Il ceRpeTapH
CTeHorpaq>a, BeAm-ero '3anHCh npmmli'OCHBillilXCH Ha oo6paHHII petI•eii. IlpaBH
T8JlhCTB0-HHhI0 KOMHccap1,1 OhIJIH Ha}J/eJI0HbI rrpaBOM paCIIIyCKaTb co6paHBH
B Tex cJiyqagx, Kor.n;a OHH OTKJIOHH�lJMCh OT ,z::t;03BO.ï0HHOH aaROHOM IIOIB0CTRH
,!(HH, a opraHH3aTo.poB TaKHX co6tpa1nrü II opaTopoB - HapyIIIHTeJieii <<IIOjpHA
KB >> - npHBJieKaTb li cy,n;eôHOH OTB('TCTBeHHOCTH.
MaiiCKIIM 3aKOHOM O neqaTH, ecT8CTB0HHO, BOCIIOJlb30BaJIHCh OIIII03Hn.HoH
Hhle Rpyrn 6ypmya3HH. Yme B nepBhle ;:i;Ba Mec,u:i;a nocJie ero Hap;aHHH B IIa
pnm,e l[ B IIpüBHHQHR IIOHBHJIOCh OROJIO 70 'HOBhIX opraHOB 1rnqanr. B HX "tJIHCJie
6hIJIH RPYIIHbJe :m:6eipaJih'HO-pecny6�"11HŒHCHJie ra3eTbl 'li emeHe,IlieJihHHRH, •Bhl
XO,IJ;HBIIIHe B cTon11n_e: «La Tribune» ( c 14 IIIOHH), <<L'Electeur>> ( c 25 HIOHH),
Enquête parlementaire sur les actes du Gouvernement de la Défense nationale,
t. 1-7. Paris, 1872-1876. (JJ;a;iee - Actes), t. I, p. 451. Pièces justificatives, N. 4. Dis
cours de M. le maréchal Leboeuf.
42
A. S o r e l. Histoire diplomatique de la guerre franco-allemande, t. I. Paris, 1875.
p. 37.
41
59
«La Revue Politique>> II ,ri;pynie. 2 uro;:rH rroaBII.,'ICH nepBhlH 'HoMep e·meinei�eJih
Ho.ü ra3eThI <<Le Réveil>>, .Jr3,n;anaBme:ü-cH MeJI1m6ypmyamŒlM �eMOKparoM neoHKo6HH:a;eM IllapJieM ,D;eJie:KJII030M. Eme paHee, 1 HIDHH, B IlapHme naqaJI
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q>opoM. B KOpOTKOe BpeMH emene)]/eJ.IhHJIK aanoeBaJI IIIBipüKYJO nonyJIHpHOCTb
:eo <l>paHIJ;llIIH 6Jiaro,n;a1pH OC'Tpoft, y,fflPITomarom;ei Kp.wrmrn 60Harrapnre-rcKoro
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u;aHIIH npeBhlmaJI 100 ThlCH4 3K3eMIIJIHpoB. 0,n;HaKo yme B aBrycTe «La Lan
terne>> ÔhlJI oompIIC:IWBalH, a Pomcpop IIplITOBQPetH: K 13 MecH:u;aM TIDpeMHoro
3aKJII04eHHH. EMy yp;aJIOCb CnphIThCH B BeJihrHIO, r.n;e OH npo,n;oJI>RaJI H3p;a
BaTh CBOH opraH, II Ta:ÜHO nepenpaBJIHTb ero BO <l>paHIJ;HIO.
IloJIHTH4eCKa.H o6cTaHOBKa B CTpaHe IIOCJie 113,lJ;aHHH aaKOHa O II8118TH, BO
npeKH OiRII,D;aHIIHM npaBIITeJihCTBa, em;e 6oJiee o6oCTpHJI8Ch. << qeM 6oJihIDO
«Lanterne>> OChlnaeT 6oHanapTH3M OCKop6JieHHHMII H npe3p8HHeM, T8M 6oJib
mHii OH HMeeT ycnex. Ran HH3KO )];OJlïRHO naCTh npaBHT0JlhCTBO, 4T06hl CTaJI
B03MomeH TaKO:Ü ycnex>> - IlHCaJI B IIIOJie 1868 r. 6ypmyaaHhlH pap;HIŒJI
AJIJI8H-Tapme 43. 3TH me CJIOBa MOry T 6hlTh OTHeCeHhl B K BLime,n;mei B aB
rycTe 1868 r. KHHro 6ypmyaaHoro pecrry6mnrnm:r;a 3meHa TeHo «Ilap:0:m B )J;e
Kaope 1851 r.>>, ·KpyIIHhlii ycnex ROTopoii o6oHCH:HJICH rJI-aBHhlM: 1()6paaoM TeM,
t{"l'O B Heii paao6JiaTiaJIIICb :rrpeCTYillI8HHH 6onauapTllCTCKOH RJfflRH, oc�eCTBHB
meii rocy,n;apCTBeHHhlH nepeBopoT. HHHra B KOpOTiœii cpoK BLI;n;epmaJia 10
ua;n;aan:ii, B3 HHX 6 JI3,D;aHHlÏ B 1868 r. B TOM me ro;n;y noHBHJioch 7 :0:a,nanuii
;n;pyroii RHHrH TeHo <<IlpoBHHIJ;HH B 1851r.», Bhllllel];me:ü B 1865 r. II ocTaBaBmeiicH AO 1868 r. II01ITH He3aMe1IeHHOH.
Bypmya3B0-0IIII03In::i;n:oHHOe l];BHmeHHe BCe paapacTaJIOCb. 2 IlOH6pJI 1868 r.,
B p;eHh noM:0:HaH1u1 ycorrmn:x, Ha MoHMapTpc1wM KJiap;6:0:m;e B Ilap:0:me, y Mo
fHJihI .n;erryTaTa-pecny6JinKaa:u;a Bo,n;eHa, rror:0:6mero 3 ;u;eRa6pJI 1851 r. Ha 6ap
p11Ka,n;ax CeHT-AHTyaHCKoro npe.n;MeCTbH, COCTOHJiaCb MaCCOBaH aHTIIIIpaBII
TeJibCTBeHHaJI MaHmpecTaIJ;B.H IIOA JI03yHraMll CB060.n;1>1 II pecny6JIHRH. Ha
.n;pyroii ,AeHI. pe.n;aKTOp «Le Réveil» IDapJII. ,[(e.TJeKJIID3 BhlCTynHJI HHH:a;HaTo
poM o6m;ecTBeHHoii 11o;n;rrHCRH Ha coopymemrn naMHTHHKa Bo,n;euy. IIHH:a;Ha
TJrna 6hl.rra IIO,D;XBaTieHa MHOrHMH OIIII03HIJ;HOHHhlMH raaeTaMH B Ilapume H B
KpynHMX npoBIIH:a;naJinH1>1x :u;eHTpax - JI:0:oHe, MapceJie, TyJiyae, JI:aJIJie,
Bop,n;o, KaHe, HaHTe, ABHHhOHe H p;pyrHx. HapH,n;y c pecny611:e:KaH:a;aMn: B aTo
IDHpOKOe aHTH60HanapTllCTCKOe )];BHilŒHHe BRJIIOTIBJfHCI, TaKiRe BH,ll;Hhle opJiea
HJloCT.bI H JI•erJITH'MHCThI; aa rrpe.n;eJia'MH <l>tpairn;HH R He'M'Y np:ŒM•ImIYJIH 1mOTHe
aM:0:rpaHThl-pecny6m1RaH:a;hl, B TiacTHOCTH BHK'l'op froro H Jlyn BJiaH.
IlpOTHB pH;o;a yqaCTHllKOB MaHn:q>ecTa:a;HH li IlO;ll;IlHCKH npaBHTeJibCTBO BO36y;n;HJIO cy,n;e6Hoe rrpecJie,n;oBann:e. Ha npou;ecce, KOTophlii COCTOHJICH 13-14
HOH6pH 1868 r. B IlapHme, c Hp1wn o6JIH4HTeJII.Hoii: peTILIO npoTHB noJin:a;eii
c:Koro pemn:Ma BTopoii: llMIIepnu BhlCTYIIIIJI aam;HTHHK o6BHHHeMoro ,l(eJI0KJII03a
TPHAJl.aTn:JieTHHii a;n;BoKaT - pap;HKaJI JieoH faM6eTTa. C aTHX nop faM6eTTa
CHHCKaJI ce6e 6oJII.IDYIO IIOIIYJIHpHOCTb BO <l>paH:a;HB 11 aa ee npe;n;eJiaMH. 4eJie
KJII03 li ;n;pyrne o6BHHHeMhle 6hIJIH rrpHroBopeHhl K paaJIHTIHhlM MepaM Haita3a
HBH, HO IIO;ll;IIHCRa B Ilapnme H B npOBIIHIJ;BH ,n;eMOHCTpaTHBHO npo,n;oJimaJiaCh.
Ilyiqe upé?RHero ipa3·ropaJiaCh Bpam;u:a H HeHaBHCTI, R HMIIepHH cpe,n;H rrnrpo
KllX Macc q,paH:a;yac1wro Hapo.n;a.
* * *
<I>paH:a;yaCKHe pa6oTIHe HMe.m T8M 6oJihille OCHOB8HHJI HeHaBH;ll;8Tb IIOJIII
:a;eiic'RO--OIOpooqpa-TIITIOORHH rHeT 60Ha1IIapTHCTCKOro pemn:Ma, 1ITO 0)'.1:BOBpe'MeHHü
C 1rn;n;aHHeM Jrn:6epaJihHbIX aaROHOB B yro,n;y 6ypmya3HH npaBHT0JlhCTBO BTOH. AI J ai n-T a r g é. La République sous l'Empire. Lettres (1864-1870). Paris,
1939, p. 179.
43
60
poi HMnepHH nocTapaJiocb JIHIDHTh Jiyqm1:1x npe.u;cTaBHTeJie:ü pa6oqero miacca
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npon;eccoB aaRJIIOqaJiaCb B TOM, lJ:T06hl penpeccJHIMH ycTpaH:UTh C IIOJHIT:Uqe
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TeJihCTBe 6oHanapTlICTCKIIX BJiaCTeii. C»H,U,IIKa.:IhHhle naJiaThl He 6hlJIH JieraJIH30BaHhl 3aROIIO):l;aTeJibHhlM IIYT0M, O)J;H8RO npII3HaHhI <<TepnHMhlMH>). 8Ta Mepa
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CTBo. Yme 22 MaH qJieHhI napn:mciwro 6ropo 6bIJIII nprrnJielleHhl K cy.u;y no 06B:unenn10 B rro,n;phlBHOH, HeJieraJILHOil ,D:8HT€.l:bHOCTII. Ha 3TOM, BTOPOM, npo
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-1 4 Procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs. à Paris. Première et
deuxième Commissions du Bureau de Paris, pp. 164, 165.
◄ 5 Troisième proci.'s de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris. Paris,
18i0, p. 16.
46 <<L'Egalité>>, 20 mars 1869.
47 G. de Mo l i n a ri. Le réYeil du socialisme en 1868. «Journal des économistes»,
1869, juin.
62
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,.,
V
«La Rev ue socialiste>>, 1896, t. 3.3, p. 654. Iln:ch�ro B. Ma::rona A. P1m:napy OT 28 �rnp
Ta 1869 r.
(9 <<L'Egalité», 13 février 1869.
50 Les réunions publiq ues à Paris. Paris , 1869 ; G. Molin a ri. Le mouvement socia
liste et les réunions publiques avant le 4 septembre. Paris, 1872; M. Dommang e t.
Blan qui et l'opposition révolutionnaire à la fin du Second empire. Paris, 1960.
48
63
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«MI>I
<<Journal des écon omistes>>. 1869, juin.
<<Journal des Débats>), 5 février 1009.
53
G. Le f rança i s. Etude sur le mouvemen t communaliste à Paris en 1871. Neu
;•hâtel, 1871, p. 46.
•• Annales du Sénat et du Corps Législatif. Séance du 1 fé vrier 1869, p. 87.
55 <<L'Egalité >>, 13 février 1869.
51
52
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56
6
<<La Gazette des Tribunaux}>, 1870, janvier - mai.
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:11IpoBa Th pBenHe CBOHX 1136rrpareJieH>> noqpep;cTBOM npe,II.BLI6opnoft nponaraH
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JIOCH1I8;r:I;OB II T. II.) 59.
r; 7 Compte-rendu moral et matériel de la grève de SotteviIIe-li�s-Rouen. B rrp .HJJome
mn1 K Publication du Cercle d'études économiques de l'arrondissement de Rouen. Rap
port sur les travaux et la marche du Cercle depuis le 23 août 1008 lu dans la dernière
Assemblée générale du 7 février 1'86-9, Paris (1869] .
58 ABIJP, KaHn,., A· 125, :i. 141. ÜKy,HeB - rop qa1wny. 15 (27) MfüI 1869 r.
59 ABITP, Haau ;x. 12. \ :i. 8'2. IIIrane.:1b6epr - ropqa1wBy. 26 anpe;m ( 8 MaH) 1869 r.
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pHOp; faM6eTTe 60JII>my10 nOI1yJI.apHocT1, cpe;r,n pa6ol!nx Ha:p :m1rn, cop;epma.TJ
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JJ;OB IlipHCHilUII.IX ;:i;eJI O IIO.'I:B'TIPI0CI-..:HX npecTyrr:ieiHHHX, npHMaH ,OTB8'1'CTBICH
HOCTb -H BhIOOJ>'HOC.Th ooex ;a;oJiiRHOC'THhlX ;rn:n;, ynpa3�HeHne BhlCOKHX OKJiap;oB
II CO!BMt0CTHT0JlhCTB, HOOrpaHB"'I0HHaH CBo6o}];a COI030B, neqaTlI H COOpaHHH
c npaooM o6cyIBAeHH.H ,peJI11raooa1,1x, cfn1J1oc0<pcn11x, noJIHT'HllecK11x n cou;ttaJih60 Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale, t. 1, p. 17. Note sur l'organi
sation de la presse en vue des élections. 5 avril 1.869.
61 Ibid., p. J 9.
62
Lettres de Léon Gambetta ( 1862-1880). Paris, I 1938].
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BaJIII 10 arrpe.rIH ROHTPJJ;eI{Jiapan;Hro, aBTOpcTBO RO'TQPOH, a:rn HeRO'TOpbL\f
65
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• TCH ÜrIOC-ry BJiaJIRH • PeinHTeJin1Bo OTMeme
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paJihHOii OIIII08HD;IIII, <<B O(pllQ.II8JlbHOM rrpe,D;CTél.BHTe.JibCTBe ROTOphlX con;naJIH
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<<Ilo6em,D;eHHbie HIOHIT HB Be,D;yT .L(lICKYCClIH C lIX y6uiht;aMH: OlI'H BhDKH]J.aIOT» 66•
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libéral. T. 1-17. Paris, 1907-1915. T. XI. p. 497---498, a ra1rnrn B rrpH;romemrn K KH.Rro
J. P. T. Bu ry. Gambetta and the national defence. Paris, 1936, p. 285-287; OTBe'l faM
oeTTLI e,ro na6.0pa1e;rn:.:\-1 nt. L. Ga mb et t a. Discours et plaidoyers politiques, t. I,
p. 422-423
64 Troisième procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris, p. 1'9.
65 M. D o mma nget. Op. cit., p. 178.
66 A Z é v a
.
ès. Les candidatures ouvrières et révolutionnaires sous le Second empi
re. <<La Révolution de 1848>>, t. 2'9. sept.- nov. 1932, p. 142.
67 <<L'Internationale)>,
15 mai 1869. Ro-ppecrrOH}J;eHI:i;KH napum-c1wro con;.aa.11ncTa
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illJIOCb OTKaaaTbCH OT caMOCTOHT8JlhHbIX RaH,U:H,U:aTyp BBIIAY HeB03MOIBHOCTH
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r.
«Le Réveil>>, 4 mai 18-69 ; <<L'Internationale>>, 9 mai 1869.
Compte-rendu officiel du Congrès de Bruxelles de l'Association Internationale
des travailleurs, 6-13 septembre 1868. Bruxelles, 1868.
70 Apurn MMJI, <p. 21, eµ;. xp II/30.
.
68
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CuMoHa, IleJIJieTarra H pa,n; p;pyrHx JIH6epaJihHhlx pecrry6JIHRaHn,eB 72•
Y6RHCTBeHHhle 1rno6JIII11eHHJI rJiaBapeii JIII6epaJihHo-pecrry6JIHRaHcKoii 011II03IID,HII co,n;epmaJIHCb B KHIIrax, 6pomIOpax, rraMq>JieTax COIJ,IIaJIHCTa OrIOCTa
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rraHirn: 1869 r. Xa pa1nepII3YH 0<pun,11a:IhHYIO pecrry6JI111rnHcRyIO 011rroa11n,1no
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peBû.lIIOIJ,IIOHHbIM CTpaCTHM Hapop;a, qT061,1 HCIIOJih30BaTh HX B CBOHX HHTepe
cax; HO y HIIX H0T HII rreo6xO,r(IIMOH 3Heprnn, Hll cnoco6HOCTeH, qTofü)I B3HTh
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RaM, 11T06hl IIO.r(aBHTb peBOJIIOD,IIOHHhlli illRBaJI, KaK OHH 3TO cp;eJiaJIH B 1848
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0 TOM ï:Ke cM. «L'Egalité>> 2-9 mai 1869 r. Ro ppecrr0Hp:enn::1rn RoM6o H3 IIapHHrn.
72 J . Ad a m. Mes sentiments et nos idées v
a a nt ·1870. Paris,1678,p. 373.
73 A. Ver more l. M. Jules i
S mon . Paris, [1869], p. 5.
74 A. Ver more 1. Les ho mmes de 1848. Paris, 1869,p. 42ll.
75 A. Ver mo r e 1. M. Jules Simon,p. 1.
16 A. Ver more 1. Le peuple a ux élections. Paris, 1868, rp. 60-61.
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B CBOHX IIOKa3aHHHX CJiei];CTBeHHOH KOMHCCHH lliIOJih <I>eppH,- Mhl B aHaqlJ
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paHIIHX npoTHB Hac AOIycKaJIHCh BhIIIa)l;hl, He rrpe.u.Be�aBmHe HII1Iero xopo
mero>> 86• ,r:(a H caM <'.DaBp 3aCBHlJ,eTeJihCTBoBaJI, 1ITO BO BpeMH Bhl6opOB OH 12
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63 ABIIP, Ram:t;., /'.I:, 125,
84
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JI. 169. 0:KyHeB - rop"llaRoBy. 24 Ma» (5 u:ron») 1869 r.
<<L'Internationale)>. 4 juillet 1869.
CM., nall'pnrep, L. Halévy. Carnets, Paris, 1935, t. 1, p. 217.
Actes. t. V, p. 174. Déposition Ferry.
6hlJIO HaMepeHHe onpORHHYTb MOIO RapeTy, XOT0JUI c6HTh C nor H M0HH ca
MOfO>) 87 .
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qacTH q,paH.a;yacRoro pa6oqero KJiacca. Ü;i:i;nH H3 pyccRnx ,u;nnJioMaToB, xapaR
Tepnaya B 1870 r. lliroJia <Da131Pa, Becb1rn MeTI,o rrnca.ï. o He:M:: <<Ero 60JI1>moe
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cnoco6cTBoBaTb HX ,D;HCRpe�nTan;nn: B rJiasax pa6oqnx.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars. t. II, Versailles, 1872, p. 39,
40. Dép osition Favre.
88 ABIIP, Raan;., 1870, �- 117, ,;i, 380. H. Op:roB - fopqaRouy . Bprocce;n,, 24 aBry cro
(5 ceHTH.opr:1) 1870 r.
8
� «L'Eg alité>> , 19 j uin 1800.
90 A. Ver more 1. M. Jules Simon p. 6.
,
91
A. Thomas. Le Second empire ( 1852-1870). Histoire socialiste, t. X. Paris,
(s. a.,] p. 34.1.
92 8To npHaHaIOT TaKiRe HeR0T0phle 6y pmya3Hble ncropmm l! ny6mn:r.HCTLI. CM. J.P. T,
Bury. Op. cit., p. 16-19; E. G. Gr en v i 11 e. Les hommes de la Ill République, t. I.
Paris, 1873, p. 17-9.
87
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cRaH, JIHOHCRaH, pyaHC.Ka.H, :\Iapce:rhCKaH, npHJIOiRHJil:I 60JihillH0 YCHJIH.H )];JIH
ORa3aHHH MaTepIIaJihHOÏI Il :\IOpa::rbHOB IIOl].AepmKH CTaqel!HHKaM, B qacTHOCTH,
napHiUCRHM CblpOMHTHIII-.:au B .i-.o.:nPieCTBe o.i-.0:10 ThlCH1:IH pa6oqnx, ynopHo 6a
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Haro COBeTa 11HTepnau;noHa:Ia ):.(rorroHy.- Yerrex CT31:IKH cyqHJibID;IID; , ROTO
pbIM OHH o6H3aHbl IIHTepnan;noHaJiy, rrpon3Be.JI CHJihHOe BIIel!aTJI0HH0>) 95. Jin
OHCRHe cyqH.TibIIJ;HIJ;hl OTBeTH:III na O.Ka3aHHYIO IIM IIOMOITJ;b BCTYIIJI0HII0M B HH
Tepnan;nonaJI Il yrnrnToi'r 1IJI0HCKIIX B3HOCOB, necMOTPH Ha IIOIIhITRII aanyraTh
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rr:i;n:nu. CoTHH 6aCTOBaBIDIIX pa601IHX Jlrrona, H838BHCHMO OT ncxo.r:i;a CTaqeR.,
rrpHCO0,D;HHHJIIICb K MnTepHau;noHaJiy B HHJ];IIBHp;yaJibHOM 1I ROJIJI0RTHBHO1\I no1PH Ali'.8. 3a RopoT1mïr cpo.n:. i-.ar� cooorr:i;a:ioch B -oReTe feHeipaJiblmro coBeTa
K MapKc - �1. h'.)Te.1LiraHy, 15 B.I0.1H 1869 r. n. M a pK c R <D. 8 H r e ;i 1> c. Coq,,
XXVI, CTp. 27.
94
F. L'H u i 11 i e r. Op. cit., pp. 21-36.
95 Apurn llMJI, cp. 21, eÀ, xp. 111/1966. A. Pmnap - 8. ,l])orrony. JinoH, 9 (lBryCTa
t869 r.
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pn.ma IloJih Jlaq,apr, cocr0Hnm11:iî c HIIM B pery.-:-.urpHoiî nepe1urnRe 98.
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97
<<L'Egalité>>, 1 f d6cembre 1869.
98
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Ma pKcy. Manqecrep, 22 HoH6 psr
Troisième Procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris, p. 35..
M. Dom m an g et. Op. cit. , p. 165.
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cnpaBe,D;JIHBO xapa1nepH30BaJIH RaR aHTRHapOAHYIO ROa:.IHIJ.HIO pa3JIH1IHhlX
<f>paKn;Hii 6ypmya3HH, rJiaBHhIM o6pa3m.r 6oHanapTHCTOB Il opJieaHHC'l'OB. ÛHH
pacRpI>IBaJIH aa-MhlCJihl H iMaHeBpl>I O!l).,ieaHIICTOB, CTp8}1J:IBillllXCH 38BJiap;e·TI, CO
npeMeHeM BCeii IIOJIHOTotî BJiaCTU H npop;JIHTb TaIŒM o6pa30M pemnM ROHCTH
TY�HOHHOR MOHapxnn.
102 <<Journal des Débats>>, 8 novembre, 1869.
10 3 < <L'Egalité>>, 4 décembre 1869.
164 ApxnB MMJI, qJ. 1 e,'l. xp. 6118, 011. 5. 8. )l10IIOH - MapRcy, 22 HOH'6p.a 1869 r
.
1
105 T roisième procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris, p. 34.
3. BapJieH - 8. 06pa. 2·5 �eR-a6p11 1869 r.
77
Con;HaJI11cT:01 noµ:Bepra;m YHli lITomaroru,eiI RpHTHI-rn noBe,u;eH.ae JI.a6epaJI:o
HbIX pe,cnyfüLHRaHn;eB, He TOJibHO T•ex, HTO BO rJiaBe C IlnKapoM OTKphlTO I1jpH
C08)];.HHIIJICH R rrpaBHT8JibCTBy ÜJIHBI:,8, HO H ,IlJpyrnx, B03fJiaBJIHeMhlX <DaBpO�f,.
ROTOpbI8 3aH.HJIH YRJIOH1IIIBYIO, ;'l;BYC1IhlCJI8HHYIO Il03HIJ;HIO, a 11jpaKTH•1IeCKH rro
'
Mora.mr npnme)];unn1 I{ BJiaCTU :1u6epaJiaM T8illHT.b
H3ipo.ri; HJIJII03HHMH O HOBûM
Rypce. <<ÜIIH tiyHCTBYIOT,- 3a.HBJUI.:I
' a (<l\fapc8Jih83a>>,- lfTO BJiaCT.b Ha,u; Hapo
,IJ;üM, ROTOpbIH OIIH XOTe.7IlI npeBpaTHTb B opy.n;ne CBOHX lJ8CTOJII06HBhlX 3aMhl
CJIOB, ycirn.T.Ih3a•eT II3 HX �p.Hü:IbIX pyK... Ilo3TOMY, CTpamac.b peB'OJIIOIJ;HlI, OHH
HM0CT8 C T8M ne CM0IOT 01\KpbITO npncoe,u;nHHT.bCH K lllMII'8PHH» 106 •
BorcTyrra.H rro6opHn:naMn <<,:i;e1rnn1paTn1I�RoÏI n can;na�ïbH-Oii pecrryoJIHRH>> ,.
cou;n:amrCTbI CTapaJIHCb pa3'bHCHHTh, B 1I8M COCTOJIT ee 'IIPIIHTI;HIIHaJibHOe OTJIH
lJH8 üT J1ro6oï1 6ypmya3Hoii pecrryi6JIIIRH, B TOM "CJHcJie oT aM•epirRaHcK-0i "
mBeÏin;apcRoii. <<MbI XOTHM pecnyÔJIIIKH He pa.ri;n rocrrop;CTBa 'TOR HJIH HHOH
IŒCTbI. •. a pecrryOJIHRII, ROTQpa.H u,pe;:i;cTaB.i'IH8T co6o:ii ,n;e:ÜCTBH1'8JibHOe ocym;ecT
H�eRHe BCeo6m;ero na6npaTeJibHOro npaBa H 8AffHCTB8HHOH OCHOBOH KOTopoH
cJiyIBHT 1iPY A>> 107• PasBnBa.H 3ro rro.10.meHHe, BapJieH HeeKOJibIW rroap;Hee rrH
ca.rr: 1«fpH.n;ym;a.H ipeBOJIIOIJ,IUI, 1IT00hl 6bITb OIWH1IaT8JlbHOR, He �OJDRHa orpa
HlllJ·llT
' bCJI ,npocroii nepeMeHoii npaBHT8.1:bCTB8HHO:Ü: 8THIŒTKH li :KO:Ü:-KaKllMll •1Ia
CTHl!HbIMlI peq,opM:a�Ill. ÛHa µ;o:IiRHa pa,D;llRaJibHO OCBo6o,n;HTb pa6oqero OT
BC.H'ROfO po,n;a 3RCIIJiyaTaIJ;IIII, 1mrnna:I.IICTHlJ8CKOD II IIOJIIITH1IecRO:Ü:, li ycTaHO
BHTh cupaB8,D;JIIIBOCTb B o5m;eCTB€HHhIX OTHOmeHH.HX> ) 108•
Û)UTaRo <ppaHIJ,Y3CRlI8 CO IJ,llaJIHCThl JI-MeJIH IQPaime 1HeJICHOO npel};ICTa'BJien»e.
0 <<,IJ;8'M'ORi)aTHlJOC.IOOll H ûOII;IfaJ.ChHOH pecny6JIHRe» 6y)];ym;ero, 'R ROTOpoii OHH
CTJ)eMHJIHCh. <<Ynpa3�HeHHe ncex CT8CHHIOIIJ;HX Bac lllHCTHTy-'I'OB 6y,u;eT JI0rRJIM
;J,8JIOM, 'U01ITH 1BC8 'MbI CXOJJ;IDfCH B 3TOM mo:nipoce,- IDICaJI BapJI8H JIHû'HCKOMY
con;HaJincTy A. P.amapy,- tITo :nacae-rc.H IIOCTJ)OOHllH 'HOBoro, ·ro S'TO 6yll,er
Tpy,n;Hee, Ta.K JŒ,K y Tpy,n;Hin;HXCJI HeT em;e o6m;ero :MIHeHH.H Ha 8'TOT ClJ0T, 01I0Hh
HHMJIOTHe H1M•e10T Boo6m;e 6oJiee HJIH MeHee onpe.n;eJieHHoe .rnpe�cTaBJI8HHe 06
OTOM>> 109.
8To 'IlOJIOiR9HlI8 IIOJIHOCTbIO IIO,D;TBepm,n;aJIH cTaTbH MHJihepa, CHCTe�faTl'PI8CKH rretJaTaBIIIHeCH ·B <<MaipceJibe3e» II BhlpamaBmHe, no Oilpe,:i;enemno BapJie
Ha, ee (<COI::çHaJI1ICTHll•8CRYIO JIHHHIO>). ,[(e:Ü:CTBHT8JibHO, MHJib8p nponoornamaJI
COOH CTO'pûB.HHROM p;eMüR,PaTH"lleCROll ipecrry5mnrn:, «e,D;HHCTBeHHOH ŒIOJIHTH1Ie
'
CKO:Ü: cpüpMbI, 008Cll81IHBaIOm;en: IIO,D;.'rn)HHhlH C}"B0peHHTeT Hapo,n;a», pecnyfü.rn
RH, B ROTûpOH ,r:i;omReH ocym;ecTBJIJITbC.H HOMl\fY'H1ICTIIll8C:IGIH IrpHRIJ;lFII II[JOH3BO,IJ,CTBa II
' 1pacnpe,n;eJieHJUI ( (<OT Ram,n;oro uo ero CUOCOOHOCTHM, Ra'IB.]J;O'MY no
ero II-0Tpe6HOCTJI:M>)). BMecTe C TeM OH ,pa3BHBaJI YTOIIHlJ0CKYIO H,n;ero O TOM ,
l:fTO TaIŒ.H pecny6JillRa �10lli8T ObITh ycTaH-OBJieHa (<He IIHa1Ie, RaK nyTeM rrocre
Il8HHOI'O BB8,IJ;8HH.H CO.'IH)WPHOCTII JIHTepecoB B CHCTeMy o6�x 38ROHOB, a
BTO, B CBOIO Ol!epe,Il;b, MOlli8T 6hITb i'.];OCTHI1HYTO 1ICR:.11oqllT8JI.bHO nyTeM oom;ero
corJiameiHHH>) 110• Y6em,n;e'HHhI:Ü B T01I, 'CJTO JI RaIIHTaJIHCThl TaKme CTpeMHTCH
K ycTpaH8'HHIO HIIIIJ;8Thl H ycTa'HO'B.TieHHIO crrpaB8AJIHBOCTH, OH IBCJl1I0CIŒ ;ri;oirn3hlBaJI HM, -crTo con;na.i:ncTbI 3a'OOTH'TC.H H o6 nx HHTepecax. «H He aTaRYIO oo6c1me.H1HocTL,- aaH'BJIHJI MnJibep,- H TOJibRO aacTa1BJIHIO ee 11rpaTb r y pü.ïh ,.
ROTopaH eii IIJPHHap;JieIBifT npH 1pan;norra:ih'HOM ycTpo:ü:crne o6m;ecrna>> 111•
C APYI'oii cT�OHhI, MLI BCTJ)etJaeM � cTaTMIX M».rrhepa n;u.ero ·peBOJIIOIJ;HH
ll <<HapOMO:Ü AJIRTaTypnI>). <<PeBOJIIOD;HH,- IIH'CaJI OH.- eCTh no cyra,eCTBY
,Il;llr.KTaTypa Hapo;u.a, AHRTa Typa ).IaCC, Il OHa ;:J;OJIIBHa 6hlTb opraHH'30BRHa» 112•
<<L a Marseillaise>>, 23 décembre 1869.
Ibid., 6 janvier 1870.
Ibid., 11 mars 1870.
109 International review for social history, t. II. Amsterdam-Leiden, 1937, p. 182-183.
BapJieH - A. PHmapy. 20 HOJI6p11 1869 r.
11° <<La Marseillaise>>, 2S décembre 1869.
11 1 Ibid., 4 janvier 1870.
112 Ibid., 9 janvier 1870.
105
1o7
10s
a.
78
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H'Oro IroJmTHqecKoro nepeBOpoTa 13 Ilapnme, npo,::i;oJimaeT cym,ecTBOBaTh TOJih
Ro ;:{-O Tex nop, no«a npll'.Mepy Ilaipnarn He noc:re,J;yeT nposH�HH. IlocJie aToro
Borrpoc o �aJn,Heümeii ()pra-HII3an;R'H •n:racTu noA,.TJeIBHT pemeH1110 Haipo;n;a.
qTO tKacaeTCH yCTaHOB.1I0'HHH noc:ce pe'BO.ï!OIVUI IWJIJieRTH'BŒIOH COOCTBeH
HOCTII na apy;n;HH H cpe;:{CTBa •IIpOH3BO,!lCTBa, TO Mll.lJheJ) BhICKa3hIBaJICH 3a
�.Kcrrponpnau;HIO TOJII:.KO Tex npe�np1IHTlliÎ, BJia;r:i;eJihD;bl ROTOpbIX 6yeyT 3JIOCTHO
ca6on1ip0Ban. MetJ>OIIIPHHTHH ipeBOJIIOD;HOHHOH BJiaCTII, Bcex mie npoqHx npe)l;
IIpIIHHMaTeJie:H CJie;n;yeT TOJiblOO o6JioiR1ITh ,nporpecc1rnHo-no;n;oxoPJHhl'M iHaJIOPOIM�
On ocymlI,aJI HaCHJihCTB8HHhie �Œpbl B 3TOH 06,1aCTH.
B rrporpa•MMe peq,opM n�exo�noro nepno;:i.:a, npe,:paranrrrn:xcH MHJibepo:M r
'lIO'MHMO rrporpeccHBHo--110A()xop;aoro HaJiora II nepeµ;atrn pa001IHM acco.u;na
n;aH'M IllpOMIJIIIJieHHhlX H TQPI'OB.MX npe;:i;npHH'THH, IIO.nll'HYTlJX JIX BJiaµ;eJI�a'MlI ,.
co.u,epmaJIJICL IlYHRThl 00 ynpa3,ro:IeHJU[ nOCBeII'HhIX Ha:IOroB, opra·me:aau;11n o6MeH11:I1,IX Ily,HRTO'B H H3J)OAHhlX 6alflROB, 0 BBe,JNIIIIl ·Bceo6in;ero CIBeTCRoro o6y
qeHHH, OBOOOAIJ eJIOBa, ueqaTH, co6paHHH, COI030B, 00 OT)IeHe ITOCTOHH'HOÜ ap
MHH. Arpa-pHhliÎ •Borrpoc, 'RaR n •BOIIJpoc 06 ornomeHnn i-. nipecTh.HHCTBY, MHJŒep
OÔXOlJ.HJI. On;eHHBa.H B n;eJI0M: con;HaJihHO-IIO:IHTIPieCFme B3r:rH;:thl MHJibepa, Mol
AOJii:RHbl ROHCTaTlipOBaTb Ha..'IHtfHe B II.FIX 3I-..ïe:KTIJlf0CnOrO coeµ;lIHeJJHH peBOJIJO
n;HOHHhIX H pecpopMHCTCRHX aµ;eii, B E'Ch)Ia 3Ha1IJIT0.;JbH0•2 BJUUIHHe rrpy)];OHHCT
CKHX Teopn:ii.
B BTOM OTHomeHHJI B3rJI.H:;IJ;hI Bap.neHa, Tanme c0Tpyµ;H1.Prnnmer,o B <<Maip
çeJII>eae>>, 6hIJIH ropaaµ;o 6oJiee rrporpeccnBHhnn1. Ba1p:ieH oTipn:n;aJI <<ra1pMoHHIO
HDTepecoBt 6ypmya3llll n II!pOJietap11aTa; OH He sai.p1,rna:r r:.ra3a Ha I11POTHBope
q11H, pa3]I,0JI.HIOID;He 8TH .DtBa RJiacca, Il 61,1.1 IIiP0THBHll1'0)I co:xipaHeHHH 3a co-6�
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CTBe'HHHKa:MH oipy;:i;n:u: rr-poH3BO;lJ.CTBa npaBa ,pacno,p.Harn ThC H HMM IIOCJie II000l1.,0HO-CHOH ipeBOJIIOil;HH. ÛHII lJ.OJiïRH:r.I Ô:r.ITh npeBparu,eHbI B I-.OJIJieKTHBHYIO coocT
B8HHOCTh. Ho H B éllf)JieH ll,a.TJ.eKo e�e ne ocHooo;:rn::ccH OT npy;J;OHHCTCRHX aa6Jiym;n;eHJIH. ÛH OTpHI:�aTeJihHO OTHOCII:ICH :n H.TI;ee ;1,ll.KTaTypbI Iljl){)JieTapnaTa t
naR n R np;,e,e qeaTpaJIH3oBaHao:a opraa1rnarvnr TJPYAa, I1Jpe)J.rro;qIITaJI O!J)IaHH3a�
�RIO «cnpaBeJJ.,JIHBOro OOMeJia>> npo;::t;yKTOB T;py;i;a )IeJinIIX ca:�rnCTOHTeJihHhIX
rrpOH3BO,Il,HT0Jie:Ü:. ÛH Ha3:hIBaJI ce6H OJI.HO Btpe1rn:, no;::i; BJllUIHHeM BaRyHHHa, C
K6TOphIM IIOOHaROMHJICH B ceHTH'ôipe 1869 r. Ha Ea3e.1I.bCIWM ROHnpecce I1HTep
Han;HoHaJia, <<aHTIIaBTOfpHratpHhIM IWMMYHHcTmI». Ha Ba3eJibCROM ROHnpecoo
OH BLICl(a3aJICH sa OTMeny npaBa aacJieÀoBaHHH H He nop;,n;epmaJI B ôTOM BO
�poce crop0HHHROB feHepaJihHOf{} C·OBeTa. ÜÀHa:no CB.H3b BéllpJieHa C BaRyHII
HhIM 6hIJia KpaTKOBpeMeHnoft; u;::t;e11 Ba:nyHIIHa He yB:Ien.1n BatpJieaa.
AKTHBHhlM lJ.-0HTeJN�:M cppaan;y3c1wro con;11a:rn:cTuqecnoro ,II,Bnm.ea11H KoHn;a
60-x ro)l;OB 6bIJI H IloJih Jlaq>aipr. Boph6y, :n-c>"Topyro on 'Be.JI 3a o6'he�Hneiane
CHJI <J>paan;yac:noro ·npo.rreTapHaTa, 3a co3;:i;a·ttue, B -cracTHOCTll, napnaocKoii if>e
;r:i;epall,'HH lfmepHaD;ncmaJia, qeyy oaœcT01IeHHo mpoTirBoAeiicrBoBaJIH 1npyp;oBH
CThl, OH coqeTaJI C YCHJIHHMH no pacrrpocrpaHeHHIO pe•BOJilOD;llOHHOii Teop'HH
Mapm�a BO (f)paHD,HH. Jiaq,apT 6bl.:I O�HJ:DI H3 H0UHOfllX q,paau;y30KHX CO�Ha
.,1HCTOB, HCJJhITaBllHX Ha ce6e :mtrHoe B.iIII.HHIIe Map:nca. Ûn.OJIO Tpex Jl8T OH
npoBe:i B JloHp;oHe, r,n;e yqaeTBoBaJI B 3ace;:i;aa1Hrx feHepa:u,Horo coBeTa lIHTep
Ha11;HoHaJia, qJieHOM KOTOporo ÔbI:I n36paH B }Ia1pre 1866 r. B 1868 r. Jlaq,apr
B�HyJica B Ilaipnm.
BJiaroAapH y�HJIHHM Jlaq,apra BecHon: 1870 r. OhIJio no;a;roTOBJieHo HOBOe
cppann;yacKoe H3]J;aHHe YcTana MrrTepHan;uonaJia, B noropo11 6h!JIH ycTpaHeHhl
lIPYAOHHCTCKHe HCRaiK0HHR, ;:,,onym,errrr1,rn B 1864 T. npn nepeBo;:i;e IIOJIOIBeHHII
YéTaBa O MeCTe IIOJIHTM·lleCnOH OüpWhl B OC.BOOO,JJ;HT€.JhHOM ;:J;BHIBeHHH IIpOJieTa
pnaTa. Jlaq>r.pr n�pe-neJI TaKme Ha cppaml,y3cRnii .HGhlR <<llHcTpyRn;nro AJIH
�eJieraTOB BtpeMe'HH
' OI'O IJ;eHTpaJibHOfO COBeTa Ha iReueBCROM KOHr,pecc.e>)
79
MHrepnau.HonaJia ( 1866 r.); 1IaCTb npe,u;ncJioB1u1 MapRca R nepBoMy TOMy «Ka
mITaJia>> ( 1867 r.); <<Ma1-nnpecr HoMMYHHCTH1IecRoii napTrun> (Ha1IaJio 1869 r.).
RpoMe ro,ro, OH pacrrpocTpaliH.1 c;pe;n;n cppaHn;yac1n1x con;1rnJIHCTOB OTJJ;e.rrhHble
rnponsBep;eH11.H Ma1pKca, nanp1nrnp. <<Hnm,ery <f>1111ococp1nn>, c Koropoii noaHa
JtOMHJUICh, B i:racr.HOCTH, BJialHKH, Tpn;n;oH H µ;pynrn 6JiaBRHCTLI, a TaKme Jleo
IDpaHKeJib - 60:rhrno11 110i:r1nare:rh MapKca, c yBJielleHHBM mTy;::i;:rrpoBaBmnü:
d-{an:aram> H « 18 6p10Meipa Jly:a BoHanaipra».
Jlaipapr, caM B npOill::IO)I rrpyµ,OHllCT' aRT.HBHO 6opo.rrc11 'B KOHD;8 60-x ro.n;oB
rrpOTHB npy,u;oHHCTCIWTO BJIHHHIUI Ha <ppaHn;yacK08 pa601Iee Ainrmeane BJIIUIHHH, ÜT ROTOporo JUPIHO ê:My y)];aJIOCb OCB060JJ;HThC11 B 6oJILme:ii M�e, qeM
MHOrIIM ;n;pyrHM <f>pam::i;ysoRI11M COD;I:IaJilICTa:M. B 1869 r. OH Ha.rrn:caJI cnerre:aJib
HYIO CTaTbIO, HaIOpaBJI8HHYIO npOTHB IIpy,u;oHa, .II ,n;pyryro, B KOTopoii, B IlPOTH
BOB0C Ilpy,n;oHy, H3JIOIBHJI B rronym:rpno:ü: <p�M1e ll,rl;8H <<Î\.OMMYHHCTHtiecKoro
MaHHq>0CTa>> 113• ÜH B8.1I TaKIBe aKTIIBHyIO 6opo6y npOTIIB npoHII.RHOB0HH11
np;e:ü: Ea.RyHHHa BO <DpaHTI;IUO H B 3TO)I OTHomeHHH npeBOCXO,IJ;HJI Baqmmrn.
Bap.rreH CBOHM BJIHJfHHe:M: na rrapHIBCRIIX ipa001IHX B TO BpeMH 6bIJI OO.H3aH
rJIa- BHblM o6pa30M CBOe�1y oipraHII3aTopCKO)IY TaJiaHTy.
TeoipernqecKne B3r;rn,r:r;hI B::raHKH 6bl::rn n3:.ro.meHhl HM B 1869-1870 ro,a;ax
B pa6oT-e <<RannTa::r n Tpy;:i;>>, yBnp;eBmeii, OA1Ia1m, cBeT JIHmh B 1885 r. , nocJie
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' TH ee aBTopa, n ne -oKa3aBmeii B:IH.HHIIH Ha <f>pa'H�Y3CROe pa6o1Iee W3Hme1n1.e .ROHn;a 60-x ro_;qoB. E:r:nma.amn�r copaTIDIImM BJian.R.'H OCHOBHLie noJioarnHM.fi 8T,OH 1paOOThl Obl.ïII, IIO-BTI;:J;II}IO)IY, H3B�THLI y.me B TO BpeMH. 06 8TOM,
B tiaCTHOCTH, CBH�ere.1IbCTByer IIO.HBHBillaHCJI B 1869 r. 6pomropa 6JiaHKHCTa
TpH)];OHa <<lliHpOHp;a H if'1-IP,OHll;IICThI», B KOTOIJ)Oll IlOBTOpHJiaCb H,TI;eH BnaHRH
o peBOJIIOD;llOHHOH i"'.J;IŒ'.Taryrpe. BJrnHRH Ohl:I IIpoTIIBHHR0M Bceo6in;n:x BhloopoB
H C03hlBa Yqpe;:r,nTeJibHOrO co6paHII.H IIOCJI0 II000)'J:bl peBDJIIOD;IIH, TaK KaK OH
:C1IHTaJI Heo6xop;1nŒDI JIHillJITI, IIO.ITIITlll{eCRIIX Il!PaB BparoB fP0BOJIIOIJ,IIH. <<B TOT
A0Hh, R<>r;::i:a 6yÂeT BhIHY T R."1Hil H30 pTa pa6o1Illx, OH ·6yp;,er B..'1,0IB0H B P,OT :«a
;ruITaJŒCTOB>) t- rrnca.11 OH 114. ÜH Bl,lCRa3hlBaJIC11 sa ycraH<OBJI0'1I'He peBOJIIOU.H
,OHHoir �KTaTyphI. 0;:i;HaKo ;:i:a:rbHeiiIIIne ero paccymp;eHHH o6Hai)ym1rnaror, qro
_OH BOB-Ce He HMeJI B BH;::LY ycTaHOBJieHne LÇHRTaTypLI peBOJIIOD;HOH'HDro RJiacca, a
nop;pa 31 yMeBa:J <<,rt:rr1naT�lPY IlapH.am>> na;::i; Bceii ocTaJibHoii <l>pam:i;:aeü, jpaœMa
-'I'pHnae�ryro HM KaR <<IIO,J;:IHHHOe Ha�oHa:IbHOO npe]J;CTaBJITeJII.CT'BO». 8cy-TO
_np;ero cnoero yqnre.1.a n no�xna Tn.::r Tpn;::i;oH, cp;eJiaB ee rrpeJJ;MeToM rnnpoRoii
l:I3BeCTHOCTII. 8Hre.::r1,c, Illp01IHTaBmIIÏI 6pommpy, pe3RO pacRpllTilR0BaJI R;r:J;€10
.<<AHRTaTY1IH,r IIapHma>>. <<B.pom10pa Tpnp;oHa,- IIIIca.TJ OH 6 HIDJIH 1869 r.
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JŒR H He 3HaE.-OM c HoBeH.meii .1Hreparypoii o nepooii: peoo."Irou;nn. B ne-pnoii me
,-qacrn ÔOJihmaH rryTaHHIJ;a, oco6eHno no Borrpocy o Ue1I1ipan:o.aau;1ur H JJ;eu;eH11Pa
_JIHaau;nH ... CMemHa MhIC:rb, llro AIIRTaTypa IlapHma Ha;ri; <l>paHi:i;ne-ü:, nory6HBma.a nepByIO ipeBO.'IIOIJJIIO, :\IOr;ria fü,I Tenepb 6oITh nonpocTy IIOBT0peHa, H' Û c
JfHl,BI pesyJihTaT-o�rn 116.
Tpn�OH n ;a;pyrne 6::rarnmcTI,I HaXO;:J;IlJIIICh B KOHD;e 60 ro)];OB no;:i: CHJibHbIM
RJIIHIIUieM JI03ynroB II TJpa;:i.nunii cppam::i;y3CROH 6y,pmya3ROÜ: peBOJIIOI:t;lflI KOHn;a
-XVIII B. 8ro MemaJio IIM rrpaBH."IhHO ouen1rnarb couHaJI1>Hhie OTHomeHHH HoBoiî
- ee 3q>q)8KTHB
·arrox:a, B YCJIOBII.HX IWTopofr 0HII mn::m Il 6opoJIIICh, ;n;eJiaJio MeH
HOH :ux ÔOph6y rrpornB RarrnTa:rns:\rn. Te me cJia6ocTH 61>1.JIH npnc� H IIIP0qn.M con;HamrcTair, B TO�r qrrc:ie ::reBI:.DI npy,r:r;oHHCTaM. J1;ri;eirno-TeopeTH1IeCRa11
He3peJIOCTb <f>paHIJj"3CRIIX COIJ,IIaanCTOB T!peBOiKHJia 'Ma1pi<ca Il �ue:ibc.a. (( qTO
0
�
�
m ApxHB HM.J, (p. 1, e;:r. xp. 8226, on. 5. Il. Jîaqrnpr - MapKcy. RoHen MaH 1:869 r.
A. B 1 a n q u i. La critique sociale, t. I. Paris, 1885, p. 208.
115 BTopaa 11:aCTb 6pomIOpbl TpH.J:OHa Ha3bIBa:IaCJ. <<iKBpoH,n:a B 1793 r.>>, nepBaJI
qacn - <<llinpoH;::i;a B 1869 r.>>.
116 <D Snre.'Ibc-I-t MapKcy, 6 1uo;in 1869 r. R. MapKc D <I>. 3HreJibC. Co11..
. T. XXIV, CTp. 211.
114
�BO
lit:0HH nyraeT y cf>pamzyaoB, TaK 8TO "tJepTOBCKaH rryTaHHII,a B TOJIOBax»,- UBCaJI
MapKc B xom::i;e 1869 r. 8nreJILCy. «HecoMHeHHo, nyTaHHII,a BeJI11Ka»,- OTBeqan.
-eMy 8Hre.JILC 117•
3a.Menroe BJHUIHHe Ha H)l;einyro mH3HL <l>pam::i;HH KOHl::i;a 60-x l'O,Il;OB oxa
-3IdB8.JHI Memrn6yipmyaa.HLie )'.1;0MORpaTiaI, TaR Ha3hIBaeMhie HeOHK06HHIJ;hl. em;e
6onee, 'tJeM co�aJDICTLI, upexJrOHHBmHecH nepe)l; TJ)a)l;Hn;1uIMH neq>Bo:ë 6yip
myaano.ii peBoJIIOD;HH, B ocooeHnocTII 11epe.r:,; HROOHHCKoii pecrry6mlKOH
1793 ro)l;a. Hoomto6Hlln;IaI, OTpamaBimrn pocT pecrryûmIKaHcKIIx nacTpoeimi
�pe)l;H paaopHBmeiies MeJIKoii oypmyaaIIH, BII)];SJIII cBoii H,u;eaJI B 6ypmyaaao
,AeMOKpaTH11ec1mii pecny6Jn1Ke. C TQPOHHHKH K8IIHTaJIIICTHlJ8CKO:Ü CHCTeMhI rrpo11800,IJ;CTBa H 1IaCTHOii COOCTB8HHOCTII, neOHK06HHIJ;Id OIIOJ!liaJIHCh TOJlhKO npoTUB
'KpynHoi 6ypmyaau:u:. MeJIKyro 6ypmyaaHro onn ClJHTaJIH Heo6xo.!(HMiaIM coxpa
HllTI,, H6o oua cyqaCTBye-r B npoHaBo)l;cTBe H )l;OCTaT01IHo TPY.ITTITCH» 118• He
KOTopLie '.H3 111:HX Ha cJioBax OT)l;aBaJIH Aa:III> npe1ncym;ecrnaM con;:e:an:mwa, no
l:QPJI aTOM o6napy,RHB8JIH Kpaiine TyMaHHOe O HeM rrpe,u;cTaBJI0HH0.
60-e l'O)l;'LI 6LIJIH 01'MelJ8Hiil BO <l>pann;HH TIOJIBJieHlieM HOBOH, o6mIIpno:ë: Jill
Tal)aTypiil O nepBOii 6ypmya3HOH peBO.TIIOIJ;HH, 0 BhIJJ;aIOm;HXCJI 00 ,u;eHTSJIHX H
opaTopax. CJieJzyeT OTMeTHTh KHBTY pa)l;lfKaJihHOro pecrry6JIHKaHn;a AJI1>cppeJ(a
Eymapa «iKaB-IlOJIL MapaT, )l;pyr na,po.r:,;a>>, BhICORo on;eHeHHYIO 8nreJILcoM;
RH•Hry ,u;eMoKpaTa iKopma ABeHeJIJI «Anaxaipcnc RJiooTc - opaTop po.u;a 1IeJio
B0"lecKoro,, TaIOKe IIOJIY'IHBmyIO IIOJIOIBHT8JihHYJO on;eHKY Ma,pKca lI 8meJib
ca; TpexroMHhIH TPYA 8pnooTa AMeJIH <<licTop1u1 Po6ec111>epa>>, e:ro me «McTo1rn.H Cen-iKrocTa» H M.HorHe PJ)ynre, B TOM "lfl!CJie RHHry TpnJ�ona «86epra
�Thl». B 8TH me ro� 6hlJn1 nepe11a,n;anhl Tpy,u;hl MapaTa, Po6ecn1,epa, ,[(aHTOHa,
Bepnw, pe11u: Mupa6o H )l;pyrHx 111m6ynoB 6ypmyaanoi peBoJIIOI:i;BH XVIII B.
Ilpo1rnBe,u;0H:n:H Po6ec.nhepa, .r(aBToBa, BepH1,o c au:n0Tan;11HMH con;naJIHcTa
1:JepMopeJIH Biil)l;epmaJIH B 1866-1867 ro,n;ax ,u;Ba B3AaHHH. B IIHCLMe R ,[{I06ya
OT 28 a:srycTa 1868 r. Ha TIOphMhl CeHT-IleJiaïRH BeplrnpeJI1> nacTOHlIHBo pe
ROMeB)l;OBaJI eMy 3aHH�hCH llOAfOTOBRO:Ü TJ)eThero na,n;aHHH 8THX IIpOH3Be,n;e
HHH, «ROTOplile ipa30IDJIHCh H na ROTOpble HMOOTCJI 6oJihIDOH cnpoc>> 119•
B 1869 r. 6blJIIl Ha,n;anhl c annoTaIJ;HHMH Beip:,,ropeJIH HpommeJJ;eHHH MapaTa.
HaBapcinie co6hlTHH 1870 r. B Ilapnme c HOBOii cH
PeBoJDOqaollJllile
Jio:ü no�1I01J)RHYJIH n:ry6nny KpHan-ca, rrepemnBaeMoro
BIIICTfllEIIIUI
BTopo:ü HMIIepHeii. Y6HiiCTBO npmm;eM IlhepoM Bo
•- llapBlKe
narrapToM 10 HHBapH HBHBilleTOCH R HeMy mypnaJIH
' B DepBYe M8C&qlil
�
CTa
- ipecny6JIBRann;a BH1RTopa Hyapa, COTPYJJ;HBKa
1870 ro a.
«·MapceJih03hl», BCROJibIXHyJio Bech pa6ol{B:Ü ITapH>B.
0RoJio 200 TLienq TPYMID;HXCH rneBHO npo.r:,;eMOHCTPHJPOBaJin cBoe B03Mym,eHne
npoH3BOJIOM, n;apIIBIIIHM B CTpaHe, HBHBill.HCb 12 HHBapJI B 11pe]];MeCThe IlapH
H<a HeiiH, Ry.n;a 6hIJI JJ;OcTaBJieH rpo6 c TeJioM Hyapa. Pa6ot1He 61>1JIB noJIHhl
rOTOBHOCTH BhlCTyrrHTb npOTIIB HMIIepHH. ,[(JIH 3TOro ObIJIO J];OCTaTOlJHO 1pacrro
.1mmeHHH rrpHcyTeTBOBaBmero B HeiiH Pomq>0pa, ROTophli, B cn.Jiy o6cTOH
T8JihCTB, «)l;epmaJI n pyRax Bce ,u;nH»ŒHBe>> 120• Ha1rnnyne Pom<pop B <<Map
ceJiheae» rrp11aBaJI q,pann;yoc.KHH napo,n; IIOROf f({HTh c ,n;nnacTJrnft BonanapToB.
«BOT ym.e 18 JICT,- IIHCaJI OH,- Ka,R <l>pam::i;HH HaXO�HTC:H B OKpO,BaBJFB'HHhlX
pyKax 3JIO)'.1;'80B, KOTOpble, ne ,D;OBOJihCTBYHCh paccTpeJIOM :pecIIY1()�JIHKaHn.eB na
YJil'ln;ax, 38BJieRaIOT HX B rHyCHble aana,n;HH, lJTOOhl y6n:BaTh y ce6H Ha ,u; oMy.
<l>pamzy3CKHH napo)l;, 'Hey>ReJl'H Tbl -ocë em,e ŒH> H8XO,ITT!llh, 1ITO C 3TH'M notpa
UOKOH'tJH·Th?& 121•
1 17
118
T&r me, e1p. 247, 248.
F. P y a t. Les inassermentés. Paris, 18{¼}, p. 60.
IISJ ApxBB HM.JI, 4>. 240, e�. xp. 44 III/XXIII. Vermorel A. à Dubois G. Sainte-Pé
lagie, 22 août t868.
120 Troisième procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris, p. 39.
9. BapJieB - 3. 06p:e:, 19 HHBapH 1870 r.
12 1 «La Marseillaise», 12 janvier 1870.
6
IlapmRCl<Ul l<OMMYBa,
T.
I
Bt
IJorqTH nce 6JrnH1..:ucThI HBHJII1:c1, n Heiî.H. Ilo cJioBaM IllapJrn: AaRocTa, HX
6bIJIO OROJIO 2 ThlC}PI l.IeJIOBeR, (<XOlporno BOopymemŒIX II cep1>e-3HhlM o6pa80M
opraHII3()1BaJIIIhlX>) 122• He6oJibllIHMH rpyrrnaMII OHll 6e3MOJJIBHO 1IlpüillJI'H B00H
HhIM cTpoeM rrepeA rr,pucyrcnwnaBmHM 3AOCI> BnaHim. Ho HX BOïKAh, l'OTOBhli
IlOBe•CTH B 6oiî CBûH OTp.HJJ.hl , H•e o6MaHbl1Ba.JI ce6.a: OH BHJ];0JI, 11.'TO IH0 OH HBJIHM'CH
X03HHHO:M IIOITOi-l..OHMH. P01mpop me I<aTeropaqecKll OTBepr uacTO.R!HllH COIJ,Ha
f
cDJiypa·nca, qT061,1 rrox01p OH Ha.s1 rrpon.eccn.a qepea IJ,0H1W IlapHma Ha
JHCTa
rrpaBHJiach R KJia,IJ;6:a�y IIep-Jiamea. <l>JiypaHc paOC"tJ.KTLIBaJI, qro B 9TOM CJiy
qae ona rrpenpaTUTCH B IIOJHITIPieCKYIO MaHn<f>ecTaIJ,IUO, li , 100:lM0mHO, 'IlpHBe]J;eT
K cBepmeHHIO HMneprrn:. MaHmpecTa:r�HH He cocTOHJiacb. BnKTop Hyaip 61>m no
xopoHe-H B Heiîn:. PemeHne Poruq>0pa, He3aBRCH'MO oT ,pyKOBOA'ft1Bm11x HM Mo�
THBO·B, 6bIJIO rrpaBHJihHOe. BhlcTyII.TJ.0HHe 61:>IJIO o6peqeuo Ha ·rr�ameHn:e, Ta•K
RaR paoo"t!He, 3a H0MHOfHMH HCiiJIIOtJeHHHMH, ne 6hI JIH BOopymeHhl, a ll<M upo
TRBOCTOHJl1I B Ilapume ne Menee 60 Thl,CH1I noopymeHHhlX 'COJIART, ROTOfPl>UC
npa.BRTeJibCTBO .u;epmaJio HarO'l'O"Be. IloM1BMO BOHCK napHiKCKOl'O rap,HlI80Ha, B
ero pac,nopHmeHHH 6bIJia KaBaJietpBÜCI<aH Jl.B'BH3HH, c-poqHo Bbl3BalHHaH 1I3
BeipcaJIH H saHHBIDaJI, no npnna3y BOeHHOro MlIIIHCTpa, EnnceikR'He IIOJIH,
,ABoPen. HHAYCTpnu: T10n;r1,p11. BoeHHaH mKoJia o@Jia TaKme aaHHTa Bo:ÜcKa
MH 123.
<<I1cTH11'HOe cqacn,e,- rrncaJI 3Hre.111>c MapKcy, KOrJJ.a yanaJI o OOOhITHHX
Cl>Jiyipanca, Ha noxopoHax Hya12 BïHBap.a B Ilapm-Ke,- t:Jro, HecMOTpH Ha
1pa ne BCilhlXHyJio BOccTaH:0:e. BemeHcTBo «Pays, -c.rryIBHT AOKa3aTeJ11>cTBoM·
.mecTOIWrO paaoqa,poBaHHH 6oHanrupTIICTOB. Be;,,1> .r(JIH 'HHX H0T u11qero 6oJiee .me
JiaTeJihHOro, Ra.K aaxBaTHTb en flagrant délit 124 BCIO peB0JilOD;B0BHYIO rraplliK
c.KyIO Macey ene Ilapnma B µ,ame ene 1'.penocrnbix cren, 11Me10m;11x JIHWL JJ,Ba..:
TPH rrpoxo�a, a B OTKphITOM IIOJie... A TaK KaR H'M0JIOC1, 60 Thl,Cjl'q COJI,n:aT, T O
MOiRHO 6bIJIO .u;ame BffYCTUTh 'l'OJIIIY BHYTPh RpenoCTHOro BaJia , a IIOTOM '3aHHTI>
ero ·B. tpaCCTpeJIHTb Macey ImpT0'C{blO H paaµ,aBHTb ee KOHHHu;eü Ha CB060;LJ.HOM
11pocTipaHCTBe Enue:ü:cRnx rronefr H Aoon10 Ae Heiin. rocno.u;n! 200 000 6ea
opyIB'HhIX pa6otIBX l];OJiiKHhl fü,IJm C OTRphITOro IIOJIH aaBOeBaTh Ilap11m, 3aHH
Thl:Ü 60 000 COJIJI.aT ! >> 125•
IlncaT0Jlb-p;eMOKpaT lliIOJih BaJIJiec, 1BCIIOMHHaH BIIOCJiep;CTBHH O HHBap
CIOIX co6I>ITHHX 1870 ro,n;a, rrm�aJI, "tfTO B 3TOT JtOHb B'l'OfPa.H H'MIIepBH «rronyqlf
Jia, nwi;o6Ho BBKTopy Hyapy, nynro B cep;:i;n;e» 126• IlyJu1, OAJiaKo, ue OblJia
CMepTeJibHûB, H o,gHO:Ü H3 HeMaJioBaiRHhIX Ilp.HlfHH 9TOI'O 6LIJia HeIIOJJ;"l'OTOB
JIOHHOCTh peBOJIIOIJ,llOHHhIX ClIJI K OBE?IIHK0HHIO HMIIepll•H. PyKOBOJlH� e � eHTe
JIB cpe)l€Q)aJI1>Ho:Ü rraJiaThI npo cpieccB0HaJI1,HblX oo'Le�11HeH11ii Ilapnma, KaK 'H
,u.eH'fleJIH napHIBCKOli opraHB3aIJ,BlI lIHTepnan;HOHaJia, CBOeBfpe.MeHHO He noarna.J
HBJill HapacTaBmee )];BllIB0HHe. IlocJie y611iiCTBa H yapa OHll, 110 llJlH3HaBJIIO
Bapm.:ma, <<He co611paJI11c1, 11 aapaHee ue Ji;OrOB8&)HBaJI1H.c.h» H AO 12 HHBa•pH ne
IlhITaJIHCl> ,u;ame ycTaROBHTb CBH3b C paOOqlfMH. ÛHH BIIepBHe IIOOJI& y6H:iî:CTBa
BCTpeTIIJlll,Ch C pa6CJIIHMH TOJibKO B Heft11 127•
Cyroi no rrocJie;a;yrom;eii n�errmme Bapm�na, uapit:,KCKHe co:n.11aJIJICThI 113...
BJI0RJIH H0'I\'OTCYphI:Ü YiPOK H3 co6bITIIH. 10-12 HHB-apH. «MM pemHJIM,- coo6m;an BapJietH 19 HHBa·pH pyaHCKOMY co:n.11aJl'llCTy 3MHJIIO 06pB,- B'HHMaTeJibBO
CJie�HTh OTHbl'He aa IIOJIHTIPieCnHM ,IllBMiR6Hll0M B BO Bcex •CJiyqaHX upe.rtBapK-
r.
122 Ch. Da Costa. Les blanqu istes. Paris, 1912, p. 31.
123 :QeHTpaJILHLIH rocy ;:i;apcTBeHHLIH noeRHO-HCTOpH"l!eCKHÜ: apxHB (�fBHA), (J>. BYJ\., ...
440, ;:i;. 187, JI. 7. feHepan-Maiiop IŒH3b BHTfeHmTeiiH - BOOHHOMy MHHBCTpy. Ilapum..
8 q,enpa;r.R 1870 r.; CM. TaKme M. Domman ge t. Op. cil, p. 183.
124 <<Ha MeCTe npocTynJieHHHl (B ,H·poHH'leOKOM CMLICJie).
125 <I>. 3aren1>c - :K. MapKcy, 1 q>eBpaJu1 1870 r. K. Ma pK c a cl>. a Br e JI 1>- c. Coq,,
T. XXIV, CTI), 285.
120 J. Va 11 ès. L'insurgé. Paris . 1923, p. 159.
127 Troisè
i me_procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris, p. 132 ·
p
Ba mrn - 06pn. Ilap0m, 19 HHnap.a 1870 r.
82
BOllCHA PA3rOHHIOT AEMOHCTPAIUUO, COCTOHBlllYIOCH B CBH3H
C TIOXOPOHAMR B. HYAPA
I<cUJ102pa�Wl K. CMumo><a
TeJibHO OÔC YJKAaTb 'lleo6xo�hle marli. HacTpOOHHe ce:iiqac OOBhlille'HHOe, ;pe
BOJitoll;lUI naW3n:raeTCH, JI MLI He ,IJ;OJDhÏil>I .n;orryCTI1Th, 1IT06hl Hac 3aX.'IeCTHyJia
eTHXBH,. 128• B necK0Jih'KO 6o-.nee II03,nHeM: IIBCb}Ie, OT 26 mJIBapH, K JIHOHC'KOMY
CO�HaJIBCTY A. PHmapy BaipneH -rrn:caJI O HOBI,IX: ·rrpa'K'I':HtIOOKHX marax COD;Ba
."IHCTOB B Il;0JIHX Jiyqmeiî llO)J;I'<Yf'OBKH .K peB0JIIOIJ;IlH, 00 O!J)f3'H'R30'B8H1HhIX B fla
pHme ŒIOBhIX ceK'I{HHX MnTepHa'IJ;JloHaJia. «B c.1yqae, ecJIH B IlapH?l(e na'tfnere,i
6opL6a,- 0anpa1HHBaJI Ba,pJieH Pn
, mapa,- cMomeM JIH MhI pacclfllTLîBaTI, Ha
TO, 1JTO Bhl OTBJielJeTe 0T Bac BHHMaJIHe; IlOJih3yeTeCb JIH Bhl ,t(OCTaTOllJl[bUd
BJI•HHH1H�M B JluOHe, 'ITOOhl Bhl•3Ba1'b ,D;Bumenne B cnyqae, ecJlH 'MLI IIOCT3BHM
Bac B H3B0CTHOCTL, 111'0 HatI·BHae-'M a,u;ecb 6oï1? H AQr0BOpHJICH aa 8TOT ClJeT
c BacTeJIBKa. MLI paœqn:'ThlBaIDI Ha Mapoonh. Heo6xo,n;ùMo, tJ:TOOhl Bce rrpo
MLimnen.nLie ·n;eiITphl 6hlJIH owma-1roBO RaCTJ}OeHhI>) 129•
Iln:chMO 3To IIHcaJIOCh n ycJiomurx .r,;aJihHeiimei'O o6ocTpeHHH II0JIHTRtie
cxoii o6cTaHOBKII BO <l>paH�ll'li, Bhl3B3'HHOf'O BOopymeHHhlM uop;a1iJ1e-imeM
21 HH'BapH 1870 rop;a npa�HTeJILCTBe1IHhI1\Ill BOHCIŒMH Rpyrrmoii: CTa'lfIŒ pa6o
l-Jl,IX npe�HHTB:ë: ill1JieË:;[(epa B Kipeao. E�e He 3a1tOH1IHJn1tL MaCiCOBL'ie y'BôJIL
neHHH pa6oirn:x, yqacTBoBatBmHx B noxopoHax BHR1'otpa Hyapa, RaR na-qànHCh
HOBhle yiBOJlh-Heil'HH -H apecThI pa001IRX 3a yqacTIIe B mrnapctroii c·TàTJKe.
10 c. JI:µ:mHRM l"hlCH'tJ paôoTJ:e:x npeJVJlPHHTJJÜ IIIReiîAepa Tpe6onaJIH nep-e,u3:11n B
HX ne.n;eHHe ll0HCHORHO:Ü: KaCChl, cponp;a•:\fll KOTopoii pacnopHmaJiaey; aJO{HH.H
CTpan;HH. B Kpeao OhlJIH Bhl3BaH1>1 soiicKa, cTàq1-rn: IDpHH1IJià ·. noJIBT.H'Ieciœii
Ibid.
International review for
IlapHm, 26 HBB-apH 1870 r.
128.
129•
social
history,
v.
II.
P: 1�. 3. B_apnea
-:-
A. Pnma.py.'
6*
83
xapaRTep. Hy.m,n;a H perrpeCCHli 3aCTaBHJIH 6acTyIOm;Hx !IlpHCTYIIHTb K p_a6oTe,
1-1e rroJiyqHB yp;oBweTBopeHnH cBoHx 'npe6oBaBH:ii 130•
27 H'HIBa·p.a napHIBCŒUie •Ce1rn;n1H lliHTepHa�llOHaJia orry6JIHKOBaJIH Ma!H.HcpecT:
3a IlOA'IIHChIO BapJieHa, MaJiaHa Il )]J)yrnx CO�HaJIHCTOB, B KOTOpOM 3aHBJIHJIH
0 C'Boeii COJI:up;apHOCTH C ipa601:rn:MH Hpeso, BhICTYIIHBIDHMH IIIPOTHB <<p8>K'HMa
llüJI1ITlflI0-CROPO rHeTa II :rrpOMbiillJie-HHOH aHapXHH, o6peKarom;ero Ha HIUit;eTy
HM0H'HO Tex, RTO crrooo6cTBOBaJI OllPOMHOMy HaKOilJI0HHIO Ra'lm.TaJia>>. Con;iJia
JJIICThl Bhlpa.arnJIH pemHT8JlhHhIË: npOTecT IIpOTHB naCHJIHH, yqIDieH'IlhlX lta!IIH
TaJIHiCTaMH H HX npncJiyïKHlII\'OM, 6onanapTHCTCRH-M mpa1B1ITeJILCTBOM, nap; ipa6oqHMH. (<He ,D;OBOJihCTBYHCb T8M, 4TO OHH He3a•R'OHHO AepmaT •B CBOHX pyxax
BCe 8ROHOMIPieCR08 Morym;ec-TBO,- rOBOpHJIOCh p;aJrne B Ma!HHcpecre,- OHH xo
THT em;,e pac110JiaTaTb, ,IJ;JIH OOXJPaHeHHH CBOHX a=reoopa'Bep;JIIIBhIX upHBHJiemii,
B 'CeMH o6m;eCTB8-H-HhIMH CHJiaMII rrpIIHym;a;eHHH ( apMIIei, IlOJIHlVIei, cyµ;aMR
lI 1np.), II OHH p;eÜCTB'IIT0JlbHO paorrOJiaraIOT BC0M 9TIH'M)) 131•
7-8 cpetB!PaJIH 1B Ilapnme oHoBa nMeJIH ·MecTo BOJIHeHHH. IloBo,rr;oM ,IJ;JIH HHX
nocJiymuJI apecr Pomqmpa, npr-u'OBOpooHoro 'K 6 MecHqaM TIOpeMHoro saRJIIO
qeHHH 3a cTaThIO, na11eqaTaI-IHy10 B «MaipceJ.11,eae» •BC;.IeA •sa y6nü:cTBOM BnK
ropa Hyapa. MŒiorne pa6o"tJ1rn He HBHJHICh B MacTe.pch""lle. B pa3Hhlx ITYHKTax
CTOJIH�hl fü,IJIH coopymeHI,I oappHRaJl_hl, OOJihillBHCTBO ROTOfPhIX BCKope aaxBa
THJIH rnpaB1IT0JibCTBOHIHhl0 BOÏICRa. ca�rnH RiJ)YIIHaH 6app1nmµ;a, COOtpyme-,11HaH
E BeJihBHJie rro np1I3hTBY CD.rrypam?,a, uaJia B Hoq1, c 7 Ha 8 q>eB·paJIH, no na �py
ro:ii .n;enh, 'H8CMOTpH Ha -rrpoT ifBO,IJ;8�CTBH8 BOÜC'K, 61,ma BHOBh B03µ;BHmyTa 'H
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Ilapn.me rpaq> illra,IŒJu.6�pr 133•
Ilapn:mcRHe Ce:In:t;HH llHTe,pHaJIIIOHa.ria B BbIIIym;eHHOM HMII o6pam;eanH H
Ha 9TOT pa3, KaK II B HHBape, TIOC�"Je y6II:iîCTBa Hyapa 1 IIlPll"3hTBa.rrH ipa60"!HX
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TllpüBaTh CTOJih 6JiarorrpHHTHOe IlOJI'O.iR0HHe» 134.
13 <peBpa.rrn 6hrn a;pecrosan Bap.TJen. no noc.rre 14-ll:]IeBHoro 3aRJIJ0qeH1u1
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130 Ilop;poouo cM. P. Pon s o t. Les grèves de 1870 et la Commune de 1871 au Creu
Paris, (1957].
131 «La Marseillaise>>, 27 janvier 1870.
132 <<La Gazette des Tribunaux>>, 7, 8, 9. 17, 2.0 février, 2 avril 1870; «La Marseil
laise>>, 4, avril i,870.
133 ABIIP, RaHn,., �- 116, :r. 118. ]:{oHeceHue ffiTa1reJI1,6epra fop11aKony. 8(20) èf>es
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8
tLa Gazette des Tribunaux», 25 mars 1870; Ilo.n;po6uo cM. P. Po n s o t. Op. cit.
Association Internationale des travailleurs. Conseil fédéral parisien. Souscrip
tion ouverte en faveur des familles des détenus du Creuzot et
. de Fourchambault. <I>o187
13 8
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111
Association Internationale des travailleurs. Section de Rouen. Grève de Greuzot. Rouen, le 6 avril 1870. Jle:cTOBKa. <l>OToKone:a (:HMJI) .
140 «L Marseillaise» 18 avril 1870.
a
1
141 L' Huillier. Op. cit., pp. 64-70.
142 J. D
au t r-y. Le problème national devant l'opinion ouvrière à la veille de la
Commune de Paris. fCahiers Internationaux)), rnro, � 44, p. 55.
87
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Me-Homeii Mepe, 3a M€CHD; 11,0 COQI)alHHH 143•
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RaK c-qacTJIII'BhI 6MJIH fü,1 Bi.1, phluatpn 1waocoBoii 6op1>6hl, upHcyTCTB0BaT1, np11
IIpOHBJ1€H'HH 3THX qyBCTB>> 144.
Proj et de fédération entre les sections parisiennes de l'Internationale. IIMJI.
Py,rcorrncI>. <l>oT0Komu1.
143
144 Apx1m HM.TI, q>. 1,
:rn: 1870 r.
88
011.
5, e�. xip. 8209. II. Jia<fJapr - MapKcy. Ilap1tm, 20 .arrpe-
IIp·nMe.py 'Ila"pHJRCKHX CeKD;H:Ü: 'IlOCJl0)l;OBaJIH .lHOHORHe, MapceJibC�ne, ipyaH
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,r:r;epan;HH MHTepnan;:mmaJia. Emrma:ü:maH Hacyrq1raH 3ap;a-qa 3aKJiroqaJia-Ch B
TOM, '({'IOOLI OO'LeA1lfflHTI, BCe <ppaHizy3CKH0 cem:�lIH, IIO npn:ÔJm3.HTeJihiHhlM no.u;
C"IeTa'M OKOJIO 250 TLICH'({ '({JIOOOB, 1B e.n;HHyro, o6IQ0H3IJ;HOHaJihHYIO <I>e,I.(epau;1no
HuT�an;nouaJia. «HHTepuaIIBOHaJI ,r:r;eJiaeT a.u;ecb qyp;oca. Pa6oqne H'B'Ho 'IIJI
TaIOT HOOPpaHlf11e.Hi110e ,tr;OBep:e:e K ToBR(YHIIJ;t'-CTBy; C0Kfl;IBI o6pa3yIOTCH e,me.u;
HC"BHOt ,- IIBcaJia Jlaypa Jlaq>apr II3 Ilapn:ma MapKcy 145• 0 B1>1.n;aIOIQ1IXCH yc
nexax HŒrrepira�uaJia c·ooom;aJI O.:\'H OBpeMeHHo n: ITo..ïb Jlaqmpr: «Ceillac pa601IHii KJiacc 6Jiaro,I.(3'pH HHTepuan;:nnHa;ry, KOTOphlii CO BpeMeHn: IIOCJTe,I.(H'lIX B.bl
OOpoB ;I(OOHJICJI orpoM1Hhlx ycuexoB, KaK n: oJiaro;::i;apH (l)e;::i;epaJihHOii naJiaTe pa0011nx o6m;ecTB, C03HaeT OBOIO e'HJIY n XO'ICT }];eHCTBOBaTb BO 1ITO fü:d TO HH CTa
JIOt 146_
3a'MeTHhlii Il0,I.('1>0M paooqero )Y:BH11ŒHHH Il ymieXJI MnTepHaIJ;HOHaJia no6y
W!Jnl 6yipmya'3HhlX pecny6JIH'KatHn;eB 0IQ8 60.rree ycn:JIHTh 6opn6y npOTHB CTO
poH'HBKOB fP0BOJIIOD;HOHHOro CBepmeHHH 'HMTiepnn. IlpOTIΠHlIX OIIOJPIHJIIHCb H0'
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HH npeaJipaeM uacn:Jin:e, coBepmaeMoe yaypnaTopaMn:» 147. B Mae OH 1BblCTY
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HX ua,n;o rrpega'B3Th npaBOCY,n;HIO... >> - 33.JIBHJI OH 148• 3ToÜ JIHHIIH IlOBe
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Jia opraHn:3al\HOHŒIO oq>opMJITbCH, R8R
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JIU6epaJILIIO:Ü: ROHCTHTYIJ;HH, KOTQPYIO OHO «.n;apoBaJio» CTipaHe. ,UeRpeTOM OT
23 anpeJIJI <l>pancy3CKOMY Hapo.n.y ·IIIJ)€,1l.JiaraJIOCb nyTeM TIJieon:c�n:Ta OTB0THTb
Ha BOIIpoc: «0;1;06pJroT JIH OH Jin:6epaJILHhle ipecpopMhl, BB'O)J;HBIIIlIOOH IJIMnepa
TOpOM B KOHCTIITYIJ;HIO c 1860 r. upn cop;eiÎCT'BHlI BhICIIIHX rocy.u;apcTBeHHl>IX
opraHoB, 11 paT,mf>IID;ll·PYeT Jin: on 00Ha'l'Y,C-RoHcyJI1,T OT 20 arrpeJI.H 1870 r.?»
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nceii IIOJIHTII'({CCKO:Ü: cn:cTeMhl BTopoii n:MrrepHH II rrpHBepmeHHOCTI, npaBH
T8nbCTBY HanoJieoHa III. <<):(aiiTe MHe HoBoe .n.oRasaTeJihCTBo Bame:ü: rrpn
oopmenHOCTH,- 06paIQanc11 HanoJIOOH III K Ha-ceJienn:10 <DipaHn;n:n:.- ÜT
BeTBB yTBep,n;HTCJILIIO Ha IIOCTaBJI0HHhlH BaM BOilpOC, Bbl ornpaTn:T e yrpo3y
peBOJIIO�n:n:, nocTaBHTe H a npo11HhlH <l>YH,IJ;aMeHT nopHAOK H CBo6op;y II o6Jrer
lJHTe rrepexo.n RopOHIJ tK MOeMy C'E>IHY� 149• Il.. 'Ie•6n:cIOIT fü,IJI naaHRtJeH
Ha 8 MaH.
1
Apx1rn HMJI, <f>. 1, orr. 5, �À- xp. 8190. Jiaypa JI.acfrnpr - Map.Kcy. Ila·pe:m, 18 a:rrpem:i: 1870 r.
146 TaM me e�. xp. 8209. Il. Jiaq>apr - Ma p•Kcy. Ilapnm, 20 aupe;rn 1870 r.
,
147 L. Gambetta. Discours et plaido yers politiq ues , t. I, p. 247.
148 L.
G a m b e t t a. 1800-1879. Paris, 1879, p. 45.
149 A. Thomas. Op. cit. p. 385.
,
145
89-
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Manifeste antiplébiscitaire des sections parisiennes fédérées de l'Internationale
et de la Chambre Fédérale des sociétés ouvrières. IIM.TI. <DoTOKOinrn.
151 O. T e s t u l L'Internationale et le jacobinisme au ban de l'Europe, v. I, Paris,
1872, p. 3.39-MO.
152 ABTIP, Raun;., �- 116, n. 255, 256. OKyneB - roptJaK0BY, 16(28) ,anpen.a: t870 r.
153 TaM me, JIJI. 3H-312. ,D;one-cemrn OKyHeBa Ha 1nu1 AneRcaH;:i;pa Il.
154 Papiers et correspondance de la famille im ériale, t. l, p. 325.
p
155 Ibid., p. 316. Justice à tous les procureurs genéraux. 30 avril 1870, 5 h. 30 m. soir.
150
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<I>. 3 H r e JI h c. Co11., T. 16, crp. 446.
158 ABIIP, RaHu ., J:l. 116, JI. 314 , 315. ,lJ;OHeceHHe 0Kynesa Ha urn AJieKcaR,Ilpa. Il
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92
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qJIM YAaJIOCh BblpBaTh y IIipep:,rrpHHHMaTeJie:Ü qacraqgyro ycTynRy - f f-qae-0•
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. Mem.n;y Te:M npaBHTBJibCTBO IlOCJie 6narorrpH.RTIIOro )1.JIH Hero nexo,n;a IIJ'I0'-6HC�Ta ,aa;::i;aJIOCb 1.1;eJibIO OR,OHqaTeJIIMO pa3rpoMHTb HBTepBan;1:1on:aJ1 '.BO
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mero nce 6oJiee yrpomarorrviïI }J;.JIH 60Ha11apTHeTCRoro 1pemnMa xapaRTep.
22 'HIOHH 1870 r. B Ilap1:1me li' a'tJaJicH npe>r1:1ii rrpon,eoo 11HT0_PBan;.HoHana..
B ocaony OOBHHHTeJibHoro 3a1mroqeHHH no JJ;eJiy 38 OOBHHHeMlilX nerJIH MHOI'Ol
"'IIHCJieHBhle ,Il;O'KyMeBTaJihHbie MaTepH'aJihl, KOHq)HOROBaBHlil-8 IlOJIHIJ;lICH JllPK
166 ABIIP, Raeu., .zl. 117, .i:JI. 21, 22. .D:onecenHe 0Kyueua aa HlUI AneKcaa;.i;pa II. IIa
pHm, f( 13) lfJOHH 1·870 r.
167 J� B a r,b ère t. Les grèves et la loi sur les coalitions. Paris, 187t, p. 57.
168 ApxHB YlMJI, cf>. 21, e::.. xp. II/30. Minutes of the General Council of the I In'ter.i..
national. 1870. Council meeting, July 19; «La Gazette des Tribunaux,, t4 juillet 1870.
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ro -rpy�a• 112.
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ey, OO'l>HBJIHJI IlajpH)KCKYIO opraHH3RII;HIO 11HT01pHan;'.1IOHaJia Hecym;ecTByIOm;e:ü,
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A0MOKpaTH"1IOCRYI0 H C-OJtllaJioHyIO poonyfünn�y.
Troisième· procès de l'Association Internationale des travailleurs à Paris.
p. 230-231.
170 L. Mi che l. L a Commune. Paris, 1&98, p. 23.
171 T roisième prooès de l'Association Internationale des. travailleurs à Paris, p. 221.
172 Ibid., p. 218
169
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174 S. de Sac y. Lettres à ma fille. 1862-tSiS-. <1ReYue des deux mondes►>, 1 novem
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1870 r.
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6y,n;To oHo BcrynaeT B BOiîHy, Bhrrro.'IHHH BOJIIO crpaHhI. TaR, B «IlpoKJiaMa
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E
Annales du Sénat et du Corps Législatif (,:i;a:i:ee - Annales ... ). Corps Législatif.
Séance du 18 janvier 1869, p. 3.
4 Enquête parlementaire sur les actes du gouvernement de la Défense nationale.
(�a.rree - Actes). T. I, p. 463-470. Pièce M 7. Correspondance préfectorale au sujet de
la declaration de la guerre.
5 TaKue npoTeCTLI 6LIJIH ony6nu:noBaHhI B <<Le Réveil», <<La Marseillaise>>, a Ta.lŒŒ
Il crren,HaJILHLIX JIHCTOBKaX.
6
«Journal officiel de l'Empire Française>>, 22 juillet 1870.
3
7*
99
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aaM He IIJpeAYCMOTpeuHyIO TeMH 3aTHiRHYIO, pery;i:JI,pHyIO KaMnaHHIO, rrpH KOTO
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H:U:H .aa C1IeT Ka3Hhl, HeJih3H OlliH;::t;aTb, 11TO ara CHCTeMa He OXBaTHT BHTeH�ll'HT�
CTBO BJPMHH..• H BOT HMeHHO B 3TOH o6.,1aCTH B03HHKaer TaKoii xaoc, ROTo.pLIH
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BoeBa.R no�roroBim KoMaa;:,;aoro H ,p.anoaoro cocraBa <f>paHqyacKoii aipMHH
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A. Chuqu et. La guerre. 1870-1871. Paris, 1895, p. 15.
Cf>. 3 H r e JI L c. 3alt:eTKH o ooiiHe. K. Ma p R c H Cf>. 3 are JI L c. Coq,1
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Actes, t. 1 p. 292. Rapport Chaper.
15
A. De 8 cham ps. Histoire de la chute du Second empire. Paris, 1871, p. 232.
16 J . P. T. Bury . Gambetta and the national defence: a republican dictatorship in
France. London - New York-Toronto, (1936], p. 4�
17 A. Deschamps. Op. cit., p. 233.
18 ABIIP. Ham�. ,a . 117, ;:i_ 210. ÜKyHeB - Becnrnuy. 28 mo:u1 (9 aBrycTa) 1870 r.
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Ce.ua JI MapBa, Yaaa, Jlyape, 06, 9p 11 Jlyap, Hop, IIa-�e-RaJie, Co»»a, MapApxBB llMJI, q,. 21 , ep;. xp. IlmD. Minutes of the general Council of the l Inter
national. 1870. Council meetings, July 19, 26; August 2.
20 K. MapKc - 11.-<I>. Be·«Kepy, 2 anryCTa 1870 r. K. M t(I. p R c H 4D. 3 H r e JI 1, c. Co11. .,
T. XXVI� CTp. 65.
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22 J. Favre. Le Gouvernement de la défense nationale, t. I. Paris t871 p. 32.
,
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24 A. R a n c. Sous l'Empire, p. 156.
19
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..
25
26
«Le Temps&, 10 août 1870.
Ibid., 9, 10 août 1870.
27 C:M. T. II nacrom1�ero .na,a.amrn:.
A. A r me n g a u d. Sur l'opinion publique toulousaine en août 1870. «Annales.
Economies-Sociétés-Civilisations», Paris, 1954, N 1, 'P- 106.
29 G. Sa nd. Correspondance, t. VI, Paris, 1884, p. 10-11.
30 Actes, t. V, p. 202. Déposition Garnier-Pagès.
::i <eDer Volksstaah, 13. August 1870.
32
<ePall Mali Gazette», 9 A ugust 1870.
33 J. Si mo n. Origine et chute du Second empire. Paris, 1874, p. 238.
28
105
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34
35
36
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37
P. de L a G o r ce. Histoire du Second empire, t. VII. Paris, 1905, p. 18.
J. Simo n. Op. cit., p. W6.
<<Le Temps>>, 9 août 1870.
rro AaHHblM Jle-cppaHca - 30 TLIC. 11e.rroBeK; corJiaCHO Il. JIBcearapa - OK0JI0
TbIC.
E. L o u d u n. Journal de Fidus. La Révolution de Septembre; t. 1. Paris, 1889
-p. 50-51; L. Ha lév y. Carnets. t. Il. Paris, 1935, p. 219.
39 J. Si mo n. Op. cit., p. 247.
40 «Journal de Genève>>, 12 août 1870; <<Pall Mail Gazette)), H August 1870,
41 Actes, t. V, p. 171-1:72. Déposition Ferry.
106
38
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42
43
J. Simon. Op. cit., p. 243.
Annales... Corps Législatif. Séanrn du 9 août 1870, p. 11.
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«Le Rappeb, 11 août 1870; «Le Gaulois>>, 11 août 1870.
J. Simo n. Op. cit.• p. 249.
48
L. R a 1 évy. Op. cit., t. II, p. 222.
49 «J:(eJrot, 1870, N!! 8� ctp. 59.
50
L. Hal évy. Op. cit., t. Il, p. 2'22.
51 M. Domma nge t. Blanqui, la Guerre, la Commune. Paris, 1947, p. 10.
s2 Actes, t. V, p. 113. Déposition Piétri.
53 Ibid., p. 396. Déposition Jacob.
:s4 A. De s ch amp s. Op. cit., p. 239.
45
47
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55
J. Jaurès. La guerre franco-allemande ('1870-1871). Paris, [s. a.J. tHistoire so
cialiste (1789-roü0) )>, t . XI, p. 247.
56 QHT. no RH.: O. Te stut. L'Internationale. Son rôle depuis le 4 septembre. Lyon,.
1871, p. 8.
57 <<HeJJ;e.JI.JI>> 2 ( 1�) .irnrycra 1870 r., crp. 1020.
58 <<Pall Mali Gazette>>, 11 August 1870.
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MHHBCTpaM ae :o:36emaTh KpymeHHR>> 62• HeMeURIIiî << Volksstaat>> BH)].eJI B co3;:i:aHHll MIIHH-CTepcTBa MaXJ)OBhIX 6oaarraprHeTOB BepHhIH rrpH3HaK TOI'O, 1IT0
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r,9 L{HT. no J. C 1 are t i e. Histoire de la Révolution de 1870-18'71, t. I. Paris,
1875, p. 202.
60 ABITP, naRI(., ;::i:. 1'17, p. 329. ÜKyHeB - fop11aK0By. J1R1IHO. IIapRiR 4(16) aBrycrn 1870 r.
61
62
63
Ta:\1 me,
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22·5.
<<L'Internationalet, 14 août 1870.
<<Der Volksstaat>>, 14. August 1870. Politische Uebersicbt.
111
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CM., Hanp1rMep,, Annales... Corps Législatif. Séance du 12 août 1870, p. 65.
ABIIP, Ranu., A- 117, JI. 225. OKyHe-B - fopqaKoBy. Ilapum, 4(16) aBrycTa 1870 r.
66
«J:(eJio», 1870, .M 38 cTp. 87.
67 CM. raaen,1 <<He;:i;emrn, <<Times ►>, «Pall Mali Gazette•, doumal du Genève ►>,
<<Gazette de Lausanne ►>, <<L'indépendance belge ►> aa 13-18 anrycra 1870 r.
68 G. L er r a n ça i s . Souvenirs d'un révolutionnaire. Bruxelles, [t90'l], p. 385.
69 G. G eff r oy. L'enfermé. Paris, 1897, p. 282.
64
65
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)];BH.tReHHJI Ire IlOCJie,II.OBaJio B OTBeT .•. » 72
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70
71
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8
Ilo .1-(pyrHM CBeJJ;eHBJIM H0 60.rree 60 tJ0JIOB0R.
<<La Patrie en danger>>. 16 septembre 1870.
Ibid., 17 septembre 1870.
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BJI8-CTH B03rJI8BHJIH IIOBCIO,IJ;Y BO <DpaHD;HII Hacro.am;yro 6ouarraipTHCTCKYIO ma
Kei.PHIO; KOMHCC8Jphl, H0,TI;8BHO IlOCJiaHHhle no yKaaaHHIO JlleBPo B IQPOBHHD;HIO T
H-0 •HJMeIOT HHKaRoü HHOH MJICC!HH, KpoMe .aro:ë:,,- IIHCaJI n aBrycre 1870 r. op
JieaHHCT A'ÜcOHBllJib 79.
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«La Patrie en danger», 17 septembre 1870.
«La vie ourière», 1914, 1p. 505. Deux lettres de Varlin.
75 J a cqu e s V i n g t r a s. L'insurgé. (Oeuvres de J. Vallès). Paris, f950, p. 157_
76 Mémoires de Louise Michel, écrites par elle-même, t. I. Paris, f886, p. f63.
77 A. D e s c h a m p s. Op. cit., P.· 261.
78 «Le Temps», «Journal des Debats», «Journal de Genève• aa aBry-CT f87O r.; Anna�
les... Corps Législatif. Séance du 2'5 août 1870, p. 212.
79 Comte d'H a u s s o n v i 11 e.
Mon journal pendant la guerre. Paris, [1905], p. 50..
73
74
114
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1ITO OTKPLIBaIOTCH 'HOBLie rreporreKTHBhl ►> 86
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° CM., Harrp., Jacques Vingtras. Op. cit., p. 160-161; G. Lefrançais. Op.
387.
8 «BOCTHIIl( EnporrLI», 1870, KH. IX. lIHOC-rp3.HHOe oooapemi:e, CTp. 392-39"3.
82 «He�eJIJI)), 16(2.8) anrycTa 1870, CTp. 1086.
83 E. Daudet. Le duc d'Aumale. 1822-1897. Paris, 1898, p. 148.
84 D' H aus son v i 11 e. Op. cit., p. 20, 25.
85
Ibid., p. 43.
86 Ibid., p. 29-30.
8
cit.,
Y,
8*
115
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87 cD. 9are;rbc - rocIIoatë MapKc, 15 aBrycTa 1870 r. K Ma pK c H <I>. 3 H r e JI 1, c.
Coq., T. XXIV, c-rp. 384.
88 Papiers secrets et correspondance du Second empire, p. 253-261.
89 Comte M. d'H e ris s o n. Journal d'un officier d'ordonnance (Juillet 1870 - Fév
Tier 1871). Paris, 1885. p. 52.
90 ABTIP, Rami;., A- 117, ."1. 367, 368. H. Opnoe - ropq.a.Kony. BpIOCcem,, 17 (29) anryCTa 1870 r.
9t J. Simon. Op. cit., p. 265.
92 Annales ... Corps Législatif. Séance du 10 août 1870, p. 30.
93 Actes, t. V, p. 66. Déposition David; Annales... Corps Législatif. Séance du
10 août 1870, p. 29.
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94
95
96
97
98
99
Actes, t. V, p. 475, 476. Déposition Chaper.
Ibid., p. 476.
Actes, t. VI, p. 440. Déposition Corbon.
Ibid.
<<Pall Mall Gazette», 11 August 1870.
CM. , narrpHMep, <<Der Volksstaab, 13. August 1870.
117
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1°2 (1He�t.ilH))' 9(21) anry<:Ta 1870, .M 32, CTp. 1053.
103 Actes, t. V, p. 85. DépositionBrame.
104 G. Re nard. Mes souv enirs (1870-1871). tLa Révolution de
1931, f· 15.
,0 G. Floure ns. Paris livré. Pars
i ,1871, p. 56.
1œ J. Simo n. Op. cit., p. 267.
107 J. Favre. Op. cit., t. I, p. 37.
us
1848». t. 28,
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109 Actes, t. I, p. 32. Rapport Saint-Marc Girardin.
110 Actes, t. V. IloKaaannH CB"B)\ereJie:ü.; 1. Favre. Op. cit., t. I.
1
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111 T r o chu. Une page d'histoire contemporaine devant l'Assemblée Nationale.
Paris, 1871, p. 31-32; Actes, t. V, p. 434. Déposition Schmitz.
112 Papiers secrets du Second empire, J\J� 13. Bruxelles, 1871, p. 46; Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale, livraison XIV. Paris, 1870, p. 426.
113 Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale, p. 426.
114 Actes, t. I, p. 29. Rapport Saint-Marc Girardin.
115 Annales... Corps Législatif. Séance du 18 août 1870, ip. 149.
120
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BhICTyll,i"IetH'HH mBein;apcKHH oq>un:no3 <<Journal de Genève>> 118•
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r
«Le Temps», 18 août 1870; «Journal de Genève>>, 20 août 1870.
«Le Temps», 19 août 1870.
Supplement au «Journal de Genève», 22 août 1870.
119 « Journal de Genève» 23 août 1870 .
,
120 «Le Temps» 25 août 1870; Actes t. I p. 293. Rapport Cbaper.
,
,
,
121 T r o ch u. Op. cit. p. 39-40.
,
116
117
118
121
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MaToaa 126.
«Le Temps'>, 20 août 1870.
Actes, t. V, p. 67. Déposition David; cM. Ta10Ke. Actes, t. I, p. 27. Rapport Saint'Marc Girardin.
124 Actes, t, V, p. 15. Déposition Mac-Mahon.
125 Ibid., p. 16.
129 Ibid., p. 16.
122
123
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127
Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale. Livr. XIV, p. 430.
Actes, t. V, p. 76. Déposition Palikao.
129 D' H au s s o nvi 11 e. Op. cit., p. 38_,39_
180 Ibid., p. 55.
181 J. Favr e. Op. cit., t. I, p. 49-50; J. S i m o n. Op. cit., p. 340, 421.3; Actes, t. V,
p. 151. Déposition Favre; p. 'l!J7. Déposition Kératry; p. 99. Déposition Duvernois; p. 399.
Déposition Guyot-Montpayroux; p. 74. Lettre d'ancien commandant militaire du palais
du Louvre au général Palikao. Orléans, 7 juillet 1872; L'Empire et la défence de Paris
devant le jury de la Seine. Paris, 1872, p. 144-145. Déposition Schmitz.
128
123
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rn;eHHH R ,napHmaHaM Ha rro IIMH IIOChIIIaJUICh npHB81'CTBHH ,ga COTH.11.MH nop;
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ll3 HHX, OT HaI�HOJia:n,uoii rBap;:urn:, HaCTOHT8JibHO npOCBJia ero t!IpOBecTH ltaK
lfOH(HO �Kopee BOeHHhIÜ CMOTP, a 38T8.M (<B3HTh 6pa3;J;hl Hpa'BJieHHH B CBOlt
,pyKH» 133• <<ÜH :mu;er nony.JIHipHOCTlI JI npeycnenaeT B 3TOM, qTO, na MO:Ü B3fJIH� ,..
conceM He nJioxo npn co3p;aBIIIHXCH o6cro.HT0JihCTBax»,- -OTMeTBJI T1,,ep n JJ;Baµ,
n;aThIX qncJiax aBrycTa 134.
Ilo,n;aBJI.HIOIIJ;ee 60:n,nnIHCTBO rrpHBeTCTBeHHhlX a,J,pecOB, .nocryIIHBillllX Ha
HMH Tpornro, HCXO,'(.IIJIO OT 6ypmya3HhIX CJI08B, rrpe;v1aranmHX eMy B pa�e CJIY11aen Hap.11.n;y C MOpaJibHOM no;çi;epmIWH TaKme MarepHaJibHMe cpe:µ,CTBa WIH op
raHII3a.a;:m1 ooopoHhI. Ho ·II pa,6011He MaccM Ilapu:ma, a TeM 6onee npoBHHn;1u1.
BBe;:J;eHHhie :B aa6nym;reHue �eMarorIITJeCRHM 3aHrphlBaHHeM C HIIMH noeHHOfO
ry,ôepHaTopa, ·IIPOHHKa.rrIICh ;l,OBeJHie�I R HeMy. ÜHH He rrop;oapenaJIII O 6eaµ;e.ü
CTBHII reHepana, y6ern�eHHOro B H0Il03:\fOiRIIOCTH OTCTOHTh IlapHiR. MnepTHOCTI:,..
Tpomro, noarJianJIHBIIIero Ho:MnreT o6opoHhI IIapHma, Boa6ym;1.aJia HapeRa
HHH qJieHOB 3Toro HoMIITeTa, O,],JIH H3 ROTüpbIX aap;aJI eMy ,n;ame HpOHHqeoRH:Ü
Borrpoc, RaK ,CJiep;yer H�IBHOBaTb B03rJiaBJIH€'.MhlÜ -HM ROMHTOT - RoMB�
-060,poHhI ( de défense) IIJIH 6e3,n;eiicTBHH ( de défaillance) 135• T�p TaRme, 1rnK
Mhl 8HaeM, OTMfflJaJI 6e3p;0HT€JlbHOCTb Tpomro.
MapRc cnpaBeAJ1HBo paaooJia11a.rr yme B :no BpeMa <f>paHn;yacKyIO oypmya
aHro, KoropaH 'CTparnHJiaci, cnoero Hapo,;:i;a ropaaÀo 6oJihme, 11eM rrpyœRHX oK
KyrraHTOB, H ue rnyma.rra,Cb C03;:I.U.Ba Tb y nap0,1HhlX Mœve JIOmH100 y6emAeHHe,
6y,l];ro ITapHiR rrpeBpaiu;aerc.a B MOID;HhIÜ u;eHTp o5opoHhl. ÛH 11Hcan o npecTyn
HMX aaMMCJiax 6oRanapTIICTOB: «Ilo MOeMy MHeHHIO, BC.11 aa�HTa IlapHma illiillb IlOJIHD;eÜCKHÜ <pape, lJTOObl YCIIOJWIITh napIImaH, IIORa rrpycca.RK He 6y
]:(YT CTOHTh y BOpOT II IIOirn J-18 crracy'T nop.flâo-,,.,, a lIM€:HHO wmaeTIIIO 11 ee Ma
M8JIIO.ROB >> 136• CroJib me HCHhI -6hlJIH Map1rny npOIICKH opJieaHHCTOB, -crpe,MIIB
llilIXCH R BJiaCTH. <<B Ilaipnme, IIO-BH�HMO:\-IY, aaHHThl lICRJIIOqnreJihHO TeM, qro
OhI y,ll;eipmaTb na,ceireirne or •BhICTyrr.-:renn.iî ,:(o rex rrop, noRa 6y,n,yT IlPHHHThl ne
oox-o,a;IIMbie MetphI ,ll;JIH nepe;r:i;a-qn Bpe)IeHHoro rripanneHHH trustees 137 ÜpJiean
CROH WIHaCTlIH>>,- IIHca.1 OH 3Hre;n,cy 22 aBrycTa 1870 r. 138
1
L'Empire et la défense de Paris devant le jury de la Seine, p. 96. Déposition
Rouher.
133 Actes, t. V, p. 43'6. Déposition Schmitz.
134 D' Ha u s s o n v i 11 e. Op. cit., p. 39.
135 Actes, t. V, p. 70. Déposition David.
136 K MapKc - <D. 8Hre.i:bcy, 2 ceHTH6pH 1870 r. K Ma p K c H cl>. :3 H r e JI b c. GoCI ..
132
T.
T.
XXIV, CTp. 3'90.
137 << YIIOJI'llOM01IeHHLIM» ( aHr:I.)
138 K. MapKc - <I>. 8are.:ihcy, 22 aBrycT.a 1870 r. R. Ma p R c H cl>. 3 H r e JI 1> c.
XXIV, CTp. 389.
124
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MTb B OÔMaH Hapü;l.Hhie Ma'CChl. faM6e'TTa y.me 11epea .rtBa ,IJ,HH nocJie Ha3Ha11e
BHH Tpornro noeHHhlM ryôepHaTopoM IlapHma YTBepm,u.an B 3aKQ.Ho.,U.aTeJibHOM
1wprryce, 6y,tr;TO .rteJio noopymeHHH uan;HoHaJI&Ho:ë: rBap,u;KH 611aro.rtapJI reaepany
TpomIO 3Hall:HT0JibHO ynyqmHJIOCb 139• HeCKOJibKHMH J{HJIMH Il03Aaee raM6eTTa
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HaqHOHaJibHOH rnap,rvm 6hlJlO ,D;OIBepeHO l'OJibRO OJtHOMy TpomIO, XOTH JI8'BbJe
;:tenyTaThl 6hlJIH O·CB0,D;OMJ10HhI O TOM, 1ITO HHKa'KHX C�€1CTB0HHLIX C_l\BKrOB B
aroii o6JiaCTH He npoH30illJIO. Tpom10 He TOJILRO He BOOpymaJI paôoqee Ha
C0JI0HHe Ilap:�u«a, Ho H 11a;1,aJI 24 aBrycTa .npHRaa o cpo11Hoü BHCiaIJIRe ua Ila
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npnKaiaa cne.rtonano npe.rtaBaTb c Y'/1.Y BOeHHoro TpHoyHana. Tponno cc1a1JiaJICH •Ha
eT. 75 .n;eRpera OT 24 'fJ.0KaopH 1811 r. H Ha aaKOH OT 9 aBryCTa 1849 r. o6 oca]{
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OHHhIMH iKpyraMH KaK 'B caMO.H <I>paHIJ;HH, TaK B aa ee .npe,u.eJiaMB 141•
cBeCTHHK EBponhl>> npaBHJILHO y:Kaablna.n, KOro HMeHHo HMeJI B mt)cy Tpo
m10 B c·B -oeM npHKa3e: <<Ilpo.-::reTaputi H pa6otrai B006in;e -ne TOJILKO ne npHHH
MaeTCH B COCT_aB HaIJ;HOHaJibHOH rnap;iHH, HO no iIIOCJI8,u;HeMy npBKaiay Tpom10
Aame ;!1.0JI>IrnH 6yÀeT c- oBepmeRHo noKHHYTI> Ila.pam, iroo OH He B COOTOJIB'llH aa
rOTOBHT.L ]J,JHI ce6H JRH3HeHHhI0 rrpnnachl Ha BCe BpeMJI ocaAiaI>> 14�.
Mn-0roq11cJreHHbie o6i.rcRH 'Il apecrhl, rna•BHiaIM oopa•30M opeAH pa001Iero Ha
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MoHMapTpe B Ho111, Ha 25 anrycra 6RJIO apecroBaHo OKOJIO 800 11eJio,BeR. Ilo
�o6m;e.HHIO «He,u;e.rrH ►)' 26 aBrycra IIOJIHD;'HH apOOTOBaJia Âo 1500 1I0JIOBeK, cpe
AK KOTOpLIX 6bJJIO «MIIOro pec.nyoJIHKaHr,;eB, con;aaJIHCTOB H HeHa'BHCTHhIX AJI»
Bropo:ë H'MIIepnn mypHaJl'HCTOB ►> 143• MaCCOB1a1e OOLICKK K apecTLI npo.n;onma
JIHCb H B nOCJie;zy10nµIe ]WH. CpeAH ipa6o11Hx yc:e:JI:e:Banoc1, peooJIIOJ.\HOHHoe6pome,u11e, Bnyma.Bmee 60.rri,moe 6ecnoKoiic-rBo 6onarrapTHCTaM. B ,11ocne.n;RHX
1IHCJiaX aBrycTa O�HH Hia rrpaB.blX µ;enyraTOB 3aKOHOf{.aT8JlhHOrO ROpnyca nu
caJI: «HMrrepHH norHOJia H, no Bcei BHAHMOCTH, BM0CTe C Heii BC"lle&HeT H .na
JlaTa, 11·60 !HaIDH KOJI.rrern H3 JieBOH <f>paKn;HH He 'CKphlBaIOT OT HaiC, 1ITO OHH C
6oJILmHM rpy.n;oM c�epmR1BaIOT aaBcer.i:i;araeB KJiy6oB, JIIO,u;eii 113 rrpe'fJ.MOOTBii.
HacTyllHT MoMeHr, Kor.a,a OHH ne cMoryT 60J11>me HX YAepmaTb, u· ror;l{a noTOK
XJILIHeT 11epe3 KpaË:>> 144•
,[(s:ameHKe IlpOTHB KMIIepHK ycHJIHBaJIOCb li B npOB·llHD;HH, 0 1I8M C'B�eTeJIL
CTBOBaJIO BB0.r{0HH0 ocaAHOro IIOJIOIB0-HHH 1B HOBLIX pa:ë:ouax: 17 aBrycTa-- B:
rropTO'BhlX ropo;1ax illepoype, . Jiop11aHe, Pomq,ope, Tynone, 20 aBry-cTa - BO
BC'6M �rraPTaMeHTe Boc'T01IHLie IlupeaeH, 22 airrycTa - :a µ;enap-raMeHTax
Illep H HLOOJp 145• B KOMMy-He Ap.KHa.H-HeBH AenapTaMeHTa HLeBp 6una 23.an
rycTa npommeµ,eHa (<Il:OIIblTiKa rrpH3BaTb HapOA K BOCCTaHJIIO», ITOAaBJI.eHHam
m�apMepneii: 146•
Annales... Corps Lé�islatif. Séance du a> août 1870, p. 164.
«Le Temps,,, 27 aout 1870; «Journal de Genève», 'n août 1870.
Cw. ABITP, K8111(., � 117, JI. 351. H. OpJion - ropqa.KOJJY. Bp10ccen, 14(26) .aBryen 1870 r.
H2 «BeCTHHK EBpoIILI&, 1870, RH. IX, CTJ). 393.
141 «He�eAA», 2G aB<rycrn (4 ceHTHOpa) 1870, c-rp. 1111.
144 Actes, t. V, p. 12.5. Déposition Trochu.
145 •Le Temps» , 19, 22, 25 août 1870; «Journal de Genève,, 24 août 1870.
148 Ibid., 215 août 1870.
189
140
141
12e
HAPllf-.ATYPA HA HAIIOJIEOHA III
Mem.rr,y TeM MaK-Ma.rcm BeJI cBoro apMHIO - rroCJieA
HIOIO apMHIO Bropoii H'MrrepHH - R KaTacTpoq>e. Ero
ABHmeHHe na BOC'l'OK, IŒK YKa3LIBaJI B TO BpeMH 8.HreJihC, MOrJIO HMe 'TL ycnex
TOJ'IbKO B 0]1,HOM cnyqae: eCJ'IH 61,1, BLICTYIIHB H3 Peiî.Mca, OH pemH;ICH CTpe
MHT0Jil,HO a TaKOBaTb rrperpamAaBmyro eMy rryTI, 3-ro H0M0IJ;KYIO apMHIO, H, aa
CT8JBH1B ee orcrynHTh, pac4HCTHJI ce6e AOpory Ha Meu;. Ho MaK-MaroH He pe
munc.a Ha HaCTynJI0H'He, a TOJlhKO yKphIBaJICH 0T rrpecJie,J,OBall'HH HeMeIJ;KHX
BOHCR. «3To - xy,n.mee, 4TO MOlKHO 6hlJ'IO rrpe)J.IlpHHHTh>>,- IIHcan no 8TOMY
IIOBOJlY 3HreJ'IhC em;e 26 aBrycra, IJlPeABH,IVI «rroqTH HeCOMHeHHoe IIO!J)aiReHHe>>
Ma·K-Marona, B peayn1,rare qero ocraTKH ero ,pa36HToii apMHH «Moryr 6h1Th
OTT0CH0Hhl Ha H0H'l1PaJibHYJO TeppHTOtPHIO HJHI rnpHHYiRA0HLI K KaIIHTYJIHIJ;HH>).
Y6emA0HHI,IH B TOM, qro 8TOT 6eaipaccy1J;HhIH IIJ'IaH BLI3BaH He BOOHHhlMH, a IIO
JIHTHqecKHMH coo6pameHllHMH, 3HreJibC IIHCaJI: «Bor Bropa.H HMII€Œ)HH BO BC0H
CBOeÜ Kpace. C!(eJiaTI, 'BHA, 1ITO H1H1Iero He rrpOH30IBJIO, CKphlTI, rropameHHe 8TO caMoe fJia.BHOe. HarroJieOH BCe IIOCTRBHJI Ha OÀHY KapTy H upourpan;
a rerrep1, MaK-MaroH, KOrAa ero maHCLI Ha BLIHrphlm COCTRBJIHIOT O;J;HH npOTHB
'A0CHTH, CHOBa co6.apaeTCH HrpaTI, va banque. qml CKopoo <Dpa.H�H na6aBHTCH
127
Tam-rx .rrro;:i;eü, TeM Jiyqnrn p;;ia Hee. B aToM ee eAHHCTBeHHaa 'Ha;:i;e;«;::i;a>> 147•
Ilpy.ccmrn Boiicirn, ucrroJiu3ya 'BOCHHhle rrpm1Mym.ec1Ba, 1wrophre IJIM �a:1 caM
MaR-MaroH, rrpo;:i;omt<aJIH ;:i;n1uaThCH aa1rnpepea eMy H cenepo....BocroRy. 3ax
B3'THB neperrpaBhI l.!epea peKy Mea (Maac), npyc-caRH 30 aBrycTa HaHecJin:
MaR-MaroHy TameJ.Ioe nopamenHe 6n:aa BoMoHa, oropocnB cppaHqyacRHe Boiî
cRa R oRpecTHOCTRM Ce,zi;aHa.
1 ceHra6pH .na paccBeTe neMen;mrn no:ÜcRa B cocTaBe 4-:ü H Tpex :noprrycou
3-:ü apM1n1 ncrynn;:rn: B 5oii no.:i; Ce;:i;aH011 c no:üc.1rnMn MaR-MaroHa, aama ThBIII
B ya1m�1 ,npocTpaHcrne Mem,1.y pe1wii Me3 H oe:ihrHiîcRoii rpaHHu;e:ii. Pa.cno
.rrara.n 'l!lICJICHHhUI rrpeBOCXO.!];C'I'BOM, n:p ynHLIMH II03'II.Q1IOHHhIMl1l npe:ITTty�eCT
BaMH, OTJl.H'l!HOii apTHJIJiepirnii, HeMqhI HaHeCJIH cpp am:i;y3CKOH ap MHH, cpamaau
III0HCH H Ha ;)TOT pa3 C �OOJihillHM MyaŒCTBOM, CORpyunneJibHOe rropame.HHe.
ÛKOJIO 3 qacoB ,rr,HH Ha qeHTpa:rhHOii RpenoCTHoii ôamHe Ce;:i;aHa no pacrropame
HHIO HaxoÀHBmerocH a;:i;ech HarroJieoHa III ÔhlJI Bb16pomeH 6eJibl:iî q)Jlar. <l>paH
u;y3CRHii HMrreparop BCJie,;:( 33 TeM OTIIpaBH:C npyccROMy ROpOJIIO II030p Hoe lIO
CJI3HHe: <<)];oporoii MOH opa T, TaR RaR H He cyMeJI yMepeTh cpep;H CBOIIX BOHCK,
MHe ocTaeTCH 1BpyqHTh CB,OIO mnary Bame-My B0.Jl'H'l!eCTBy. ÜcTaIOch Bamero Be
JIRqecTBa goopbIM ôparo.M. HanoJieoH>> 148•
Ain o Raninymrn;IIH cppaHu;yacRoii apMHll oLIJI no,:vrn:caH 2 ceuu16pa J:eHe
f{laJIOM BHMII<peH0�1 11 cpeJih;:(MaprnaJio�I MoJihTKe. 3 ThIC. yoHThIX, 14 ThIC. 1pa
H0HhIX, 3 TblC. pa3opymeHHblX Ha 6eJibfllHCROH rpaHHn;e, 83 TblC. B38 rhlx B
rrJieH coJIAaT, oq>m::i;epoB, reuepa.rroB no rJiaBe c Ha110JieoHOM III - TaROBLI paa
Mephr BoeHHOH RaTac·Tpücphl, nocTHrmeir BTopyro :e:Mrrepnro y CeAaJia. «<l>paH
.QY3CŒ{füI RaTacrpocpa 1870 r. He 'U:MeeT napaJI.rreJieii B HCTOpim HOBOro, Bpe
M0HH! - n11caJI B aToii CBH13H MapRc. - Ona noRaaaJia, 1ITO ocpHqHaJILHaH
·<l>p a,an;11H, (J)p aHIJ;HH Jly11 EoHarrap Ta, (J)p aHD;U:H IIpaBHIIJ.}IX RJiaCCOB H HX
l'OCy):(a p CTBeHHhIX na,p a3HTOB - rHHIOIIJ.IIH 'DpYII>> 149.
-O'T
1
$. 3HreJihC. 3aMeTRII o BOHHe. R. MapKc H <D. 3ure..ILC. Co11., T. 17,
(,Tj) 67. 68, 69.
1
48 J. J au r ès. Op. cit., p. 10.
149 H. M ap R c. IlepBhln: Ha6pocoK «fpaa<J(aHcKoi BOÜHbt BO <DpaHil,BH>>. R. Ma p R c
lfl $. 8 H r e ,"I b c. Coq., T. 17, CTJ). 521.
14 7
I'.,riaea 111,em6epmaJL
PEBOJIIO�DH 4 CEHTHBPH 1870 ro�A
*
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HYJO TpeBory, B R'OTOpo:ü: m11Jia cTpaHa. HaceJrnH11e Ilapnma ,IJ;ame
3 C0HTHQPH Be 6LIJIO em;e OllOBem;eHO O B08HHOH RaTacTpüq>e, ·IIO
CTHrmeii <fltpaHn;yacKyIO ap:M:1110 y Ce�aHa. IlaJI11Rao, HHq>OpM11pyH
33.KOHO,IJ;aTeJibHLIH .Koprryc O B08HHOM rro.;1omeHHH, HH CJIOBOM He o6MOJIBHJICH
Il B 3TOT ,IJ;eHb O COOhITHH 1 CeHTH6pH. ÜH, HaIIlpüTIIB, YTBepm,n;aJI, ,q'f'o He IICRJIIO
'-IeHa B03MomHOCTb HOBOii rroIILITIOI Ba-aeHa BbICTYIIHT1> H3 M•en;a.
JieBLie ;a;erry-TaTLI, rrop;o6Ho ;a;pyrHM , Œfllqe:M ,He ooHapymHBaJIH cBoeü: OC'Be
IlilMJieHHoc·Tn O KallHTYJIHD;BH q>paHn;yacKOH apMHH; OHII ycep ,u;Ho IIOMOraJIH
6onanaprnCTCKO:Ü: rraJiaTe BBO,IµITh c-TpaHy B aaoeym,u;eHHe, CTapa.HCb BLIHrpaTb
BIP0MH, qro6hl IIpBHHTb ,Mephl K npe�oT�parn,eHHIO peBOJIIOII;llII. He.u.apoM Bhl
CTYII.,'I0Hlle iRIOJIH <l>a:spa Bbl3Ba:rn y 6ona.napTIICTCirnro 00:IhffiRHCTBa O,!l;06p11T0JibHhle Boar:iaeLI «BpaB-0! BpaBo!>>
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MaHBlf,ecTa�JI
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3 ceBT.a6pJ1 1870 r.
Cg)OpMllpOBaHJUI KOaJIHII;IlOHHOI'O 6ypmyaaHoro npa
B IIapBZe.
BHTeJihCTB8. ,Il;o aace,n;aHH.H 3aROHOJ:I;aT0JU,HOro KO.p
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ROTotporo y6em;i;a:nr B03rJiaBHTb HOBoe npamrTe.'U,CTBO C yqa·CTlieM reHepa.1:a T1pomro B natieCTBe BOeHHOro MlfHHCTpa. 0,u;HaHO
TLep OTKaaaJICH, He meJiaH Oq>HII;H8.'IbHO CBH3bIB8TI, COOH C rrpaBHTeJihCTBOM,
RoropoMy noc..,'Ie Ge,n;aHa npeJJ;'C'TO.H:10, no ero y6em,u;mrn:10, aaKJIIOlfHTh Ka6aJih
Hhlii )l;JIH <l>paHil,Hll Mllp c rro6e,u;.nTe:I.H::\IlL
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Annales du Sénat et du Corps Législatif (�a.1ee - Annales ... ). Corps Lé gislatif.
Séance du 3 septembre 1870, ·p. 357.
1
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1
2
8Hre.TJ.bC - MapKcy 4 ceHTHopH 1870 r. R. Ma pK c H <I>. 8 Br e JI L c. Coq,,
']'. XXIV. CTIJ. 391.
3 G. Da Co s t a. La Commune vécue, t. III. Paris, 1905, p. 316.
4 T. Tc h e r n off. Le parti républicain au coup d'Etat et sous le Second empire.
Paris, 1900, p. 003-604.
5 Papiers et correspondance de la famille impériale. Paris,
1870. Livr. XIV�
p. 422-423.
6
J. S i m o n. Origine et chute du Second empire. Paris, 1874, p. 357-358.
130
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J. Sim o 11. Op. cit., p 37,2.
Ibid., p. 375.
9 Annales... Corps Législatif. Séance du 3 septembre 1�70, p. 367.
10 E. D r é o 11 e. La journée du 4 septembre au Corps Législatif. Paris, 1871, p. 33;
.,. Simo n. Op. cit., p. 362.
11 Enquête parlementaire sur loo actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale
(,1,a.1oe - Actes), t. V, p. 389. Déposition Bescherelle; t. I, p. 178. Rapport Daru.
7
8
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12
1s
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15
132
Actes, t. V, p. 381. Déposition Lehreton; E. Dr é o 11 e. Op. cit., p. 33.
J. S i mon. Op. cit., p. 367.
Ibid., p.. 369.
Annales.•. Corps Législatif. Séance de jour du 4 septembre 1870, p. 367.
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16
17
18
P. Bo n d o i s. Histoire de la Révolution de 1870-1871. Paris, 1888, p. 128.
Actes, t. V, p. 101. Déposition Duvernois.
Ibid., p. 225. Déposition Simon.
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19
20
21
22
Annales... Corps Législatif, p. 366; Actes, t. V, p. 125. Déposition Trochu.
J. S i•m o n. Op. cit., p. 371.
·v
s·
lpid., p. 371-372.
A•
.n.ctes,
t. · · , p. _->2-::i. D'epos1·t·10n 1mon.
23 Cl>. 8 H r e JI 1, C. 3aMeTKil O BOÏme. R. Ma µ R C H Cl>. 8 H r e JI 1, C. Co'!., T, 17, CTp. 121.
24
1:¾
Annales... Corps Législatif. Séance de jour du 4 septembre 1870, p. 369.
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3,1yapA Ba:ibrn. HMeHHO no ero HHHD;BaTHBe m. Jlonre BMecTe c HHM B TOT me ;i;em,
"TeJierpacl>HponaJI MapKcy o peBOJiron;:e:e: B Ilapnine. (M. Domma ng e t. Edouard Vail
Jant, un grand socialiste. Paris, 1956, p. 22).
26 A
nnales... Corps Lègislatif. Séance de jour du 4 septembre 1870, p. 368.
27 Ibid.,
p. 369-370.
28 G
. Da Cos t a. Op. cit., t. III, p. 319.
25
135
rryTeM Bce-o6m;eii n CBooop;Hoi:i: rro,u;alJM rD.1ocoB, MhI aaHB.'Uie}I, lJT0 Jl yn-H:a.no
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rn:qecRIIft M0MeHT. IlpoB03rJiaClITh B T8ROH o6cTaHOBRe pecny6JIIIRY, 3HalJlIJIO
paa,n;eJIHTh BJiaCTh C 6JiaHRHcTaMH. raM6eTTa 6poCIIJICH R II0HBIIBIIIeMyCH B 3T0T
M0MeHT B aaJie <l>aBpy. MrHOB8HHO ;J;0f0BOpllBillllCh, o6a OH:O: IIO]l;HHJillCh Ha
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<DaBp,- aa1wnna10 Bac, ne ycrpairnaftre RpoBaBoro ,IJ;HH ••• , He BhlHymgaii:Te
xpa6pbIX q>panu;yacKHx co:i;:i;ar... nanpaBHTh npornB Bac opymn:e... BygeM am
e,n;HIIOJJ.YIIIHhl; IIYCTb nac o6'b8,D;HH.HeT H,IJ;eH narpllOTH3Ma H ,u;eM0RpaTHU>>. O,n;
HaR0 Tpe6oBaHIIH pecny6;nnur ne npeRpam;a..rrnch. Tor,u;a <l>aBp BhIRpHRHy.rr:
<<Pecuy6JI1nm? Ho Be,n;h He ap;ech ee c::re,u;yer npoBoarJiacHTh, a B paTyIIIel>>.
«fpam,u;aHe, aa Mnoii, B paTyrnyl>> - Bropivr eMy I'aM6eTTa. Coii,n;H c TpH6yHhI,
o6a OHII npo,u;oJima.rrH npn:ablBaTI,: <<B paTymy! B parynry!» O;a;Ha1m 6JiaHKH
CTbl HaC'TanBa.rrn: «HeT! 3;i;ech ,n;o.;r�Ha 0hfTh rrpoBoarJiamena Pecnyfünnrn! MM
ee npoBoarJiaIIIaeM! Pecny6JIH:na nponoarJiameHa!» MelliJzy TeM faM6eTTa n
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HaqepTaHHblMH Ha HHX cJioBaMH: <<B parymy!>> 30• C6nThle c TOJIKY JIIO]J;H,
He cnoco6n1,ie na-aa cTOHBmero B aa:re myMa, pa3o6paThCH B npoucxo,n;m:r�e.M,
no.KIIHYJIH BcJie,n; aa JieBhIMH p;enyrara�nr aa:i aace,u;aHnfr.
llcTHHHl>Ie no6ym,u;eHHH ,n;erryraroB, YBJie:KIDHX 3a co6oii Hapo,IJ;Hhle MaCChl
na 3aKOHO,n;areJihHOfO ROprryca B paTyIIIy, o6hl1IHO 3aMaJI1IHBaIOTC.8 6ypmyaa
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aoBaHhl BpeMeHHl>Ie npamne.1hCTBa B 1830 u -1848 rr. B rJia3aX <l>aBpa, KOT0p.bIH caM 6blJI ,u;eHTeJieM 1848 r. II 06.1ap;a.'1 ceHTIIM8HT8JlhHhlM CRJia,n;oM xapaR
Tepa, napaJIJieJib c 1830 II 1848 rr. 6:blJ.ra CTOJ.Ih me aaMaHlJllBa, CK0Jib 011e
B.II,rt;.Ha, n aro no6y,n;n.rro ero c:re;::i;oBaTb no cronaM JlailrnpTHHa» 31• TaRoro 1pop;a
06'1,HCH8HH0 onpoBepraeTCH npemJ];e Bcero npH8HaHIIHMH caMHX 6ypmya3HhIX
,pecny6JIHRaHn;eB. TaK, .iHIOJih <DaB,p 0TI.;:poBeHHO 3aHBHJI BIIOCJie,n;cTBIIII, 1ITO
rwr,n;a 4 ceHTH6pH OH yBn,n;eJI na 'l'IJ)HOyHe 3aRO.e:op;aTe.'IhHoro Ropnyca 6.naHKH
cTOn, B •HeM 0ïKHJIIl <<BOCIIO:\IHH8HlIH 06 ymacax» MaHCh'"iJIX �e:ë: 1848 r. 32
IloaroMy on H 6pocIIJI B ro:rny RJIHlJ: <<B parymyl» «8To BHeaanHo npIIme,n;mee
Ha YM pemeHn:e,- npnaHaBa:r OH,- HMeJio TO npe:e:Mym;ecTB0, 1ITO OCBo6o
m,n;aJio naJiary oT napo,n;a, npe,a;orBpam;a.rro npoBa.ooe CTOJIKHoBeHne, K0Topoe
MOrJio rrpOH30HTH B ee CTeHaX, cphIB8JI0 ,n;epaKoe npe,n;npHHTHe, B peayJILTaTe
K0T0poro pyR0BO,IJ;CTB0 ,JJ;BHlli8HHeM o:naaa:rocb 6hl B pyKax H0IICTOBOÜ, Rpa
MOJihHOH napTHH>) 33•
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HCTopIIKH OTBO,rµIT B co6hl1'1ll.HX 4 ceHTH6pH f.aM6e-rre. ÜT;J;aBaH �&Hh ero YCH
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Bepm,n;aIOT, "'ITO faM6erTa OTHIO,D;b ne 6hIJI 3-4 ceHTH6pH TaKIIM np0THBHHK0l\f
Actes, t. I, p. 183. Rapport Daru; J. Si mo n. Op. cit., p. 397-398.
J. Si mo n. Op. cit., p. 401-403; J. Favre. Op. cit., p. 75-77.
31 J. P. T. Bury. Gambetta and the national defence. London, [1936], p 61;
.
me E. Lavisse. Histoire de France contemporaine, t. VII, p. 247.
32 Actes, t. V, p. 150. Déposition Favre.
a3 J. Favre. Op. cit., p. 77.
29
30
136
CM. raK
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OH HanpaBHJICH B,lJ;OJib Jl0Boro 6epera Cetthl BO rJiaBe MHOrOYJ:HCJI0HHhlX Macc
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34
35
36
�
7
38
1.' P. T. B ur y. Op. cit., p. 62.
P. Rob iquet. Souvenirs d u 4 septembre. <<RE>vue bleue►>, 1889, t. 44, N 10, p. 312.
Actes, t. V, p. 390. Déposition Be scherelle.
Actes, t. V, p. 390. Déposition Favre.
Ibid., p. 299. Déposition Kératry.
137
TOBap1nri;eii BM0CTe C uaxo,11;irnIIIHMCH B TIOphMe PomcpopoM, C IIOMO�hJO ROTO
poro OHH paccqlIThIBaJIH npOB03rJiaCHTh peBOJIIOIJ;llOHHOe npaBIITeJihCTBO.
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IIOMHMO CBOero COfJIUCHH. <<B OI:i;erreHeHIIll, C 6Jrnp;HhIMH, COMRHYTbIMR ry6aMH>} CTOHJI PoIIIcpop na CT0,1e y ORIIa paTymH, BhIXO,D;HBIDero Ha IlJIOID;a,IJ,b.
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39
p. 263.
40
41
138
A. Au I a r d. SouYenirs du 4 septembre. <<La Révolution française>>, t. 73, 1920,
J. Simon. Op. cit., p. 414.
J. Fa v r P.. Op. cit., p. 93; Actes, t. V, p. 9. Déposition Thiers.
TIPOB03I'JIAillEHJIE PECilYBJIHHJI B IIAPUIBE 4 CEHTfIBPfl 1870 r.
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Aparo, pecrry6JIHRaHCRHH cppaaep, K 1870 r. .n;aBHO,,.�oIIIe)WIRÜ C IIOJIHTlftH3CKOi1
11
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JiaTI, BhlHym,n;eHHhle ycTyIIRII napHIBCJUIM pa60lfi1M B HHTepecax coxpaHeHH.H
rronyJI.HpHOCTlI.
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na.ïKHbIM YCROpHTh oqnrn;ImJihHOe BRJII01I8HHe Tpomro BO B-HOBI:, 003MHRoe
rrpaB·HT�JlbCTBO. EMy 6hI.;:r IJlP8,ILHa3R8"!8H 11'°1J)T(p8Jlh B00HHOro MHHHCTpa C co
xpaHeHH0M IIOCTa B00HHoro ry6epHaTopa Ilapuma. ,IJ;Ba p;e11yTaTa HanpaBIIJIHCh
K renepaey CO CIIIICROM lIJieHOB HOBOTO npaB:e:TeJihCTBa, Ha ROTOporo BO 11a6e
ifŒH1Ie ocJIOiRHeHH.ft 6bIJI npeAna�rnpenno H3'bHT · Pomq>0p. Y6eJl;IITh Tponuo
BOHTJif B COCTaB npaBIIT8JibCTBa 6hJJIO H0TPYJI;HO. Û,n;HaRO OH 6bIJI TBep)J.o HaMe
peH aanpOCHTb aa CBOe COTpy,n;HJrqecTBO c 6ypmyaaHhlMH pecny6JIHRann;aMH
ropa3):J;O 6oJihme Toro, 'l!TO eMy rrpeJJ;JiaraJin. «H HAY B3HTh na ce6.H poJ11, Jia
MapTHHa»,- aaaBH� OH nepe,n; yxo,n;oM n paTymy Ha1IaJihHBKY cnoero mTa6a
reHepany IIlMHTn;y. Jia�rapTHH, B03rJiaBHBIDHH B 1848 r. 6ypmya3HOe BpeMeH
HOe npaBHTeJihCTBO, pa3'b.HCHHJI eMy Tpomro, «06ecne1IHJI no6e,n;y BO <Dpaau_uu
Tpexn;BeToHOI'O a..i:raMeHII Ha,;J; Rpac.BhTM>) 42•
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Tpe6oBaHHe YAOBJieTBOpIIJHI. {f)anp IIOJI�IIJI )J.OJl)KHOCTh 3aMeCTIIT0JIJI Tpomro.
feHepaJI, .n;anee, BI,ICTaBHJ.I HOBOe yc.110BHe CBOero yqacTIIJI B npaBHTeJibCTBe,
a IIMeHHO, 1ITO ero 6y.n;ym;1rn Ro.rr.i:erII ne CTaHyT IlOC.HraTh Ha ceMeHHhie YCTOH,
co6cTBeHHOCTh, peJilffHIO. Te 3aBepIIJIH ero, -qTO «HCRpeHHO pa3)J.eJIHIOT 3TH
ROHce,pBa·rHBHhie IIIJHHII;HIIhI» 43•
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RoToporo cHatiaJia HenpHHTHO nopaa11JI0 Heomn,n;aHHoe ):(JIH nero npncyTcTBHe
Pornq>opa B COCTaBe npaBHT8JibCTBa, 01I0HI, CKopo, 110 co6CTB0HHOMY ,Ilpli3H8HIIJO, y6e,n;BJICH B TOM, HaCROJihRO TOT ORa3aJICJI IIOJl030H Ra 3TOM IlOCTY 44•
HH Tro:e:JII.pHÜCRBii ,n;Bope:a;, MecTorrpe6hlnan11e pereHTIIIII, HH JlroxceM6ypr
CRJiii )l;Bope:a;, r,n;e 3aCeAaJI CenaT, He 61,JJIH aTaKOBaHhl napHmcKÏIMH pa6o4HMH.
B 3TOM ne 6hlJIO Heo6xo;a;IIMOCTH. B1,rnmaa IIMIIepaTpH�a, npH cop;eÜCTBHH aB
CTpH:ÜCRoro II aMep1UmHCROfO IIOCJIOB, 6ecrrperr.HTCTB0HHO IlOKHHyJia npe�eJihl
Cl>paHD;HH TOTllaC IIOCJie 38XBaTa a,n;aHHJI 3aROHO,n;aTeJII.HOro Rop11yca HaP,,O�OM.
,no ROHil,a )l;HH 4 C8HT.H6pH na <PPOHTOHe napn:mc�oii paTym:e: pa8BeBaJJ?Ch
Rpacnoe 3HaM.sI pa6oqeii peBOJIIOil,HH. ÛHO 6hlJIO copBaHO OROJI0_;.-6 qac01i Beqepa
� L'Empire et la défense de Paris devant le jury de la Seine, p. 146. Déposition
Schmitz.
43 J. Si m o n. Op. cit., p. 423.
44 Actes, t. V, p. 125. Deposition Trochu; t. I, p. 186. Rapport Daru.
140
TJ npncyTC'TBH'H q.,:ena 0000:ro npaBnTe:u,cTBa p�cny6JI.mm.n�a fJie-Birnyana
OJ],HHM H3 6onanapTHCTOB, npo.,n;OJiffiaBIDHX CTOHTI, B KapayJie, oxpaH.srnmeM pa
�ryn1y 45. Rpacnoe 3HaMH - CHMBOJI pecrry6:iHKH Tpyµ;a - 6hlJIO 3aMeHeHO
Tpexn;BeTHLIM 3HaMeHeM.
Ha nepBOM aace,n;aHHH npaBHTeJibCTBeHHOfO CoBeTa BellepoM TOfO me ,AHH
6bIJI o(}>Hn;HaJlbHO c(}>opM.11poBaH E.a6HHeT MHHHCTPOB BO rJiaBe c Tpomro,
OCTaBIDHMCH TaIOKe BOeHHLIM ry6epHaTOpOM IlapHma. Ero aaMeCTHTeJib iRIOJib
<DaBp IIOJiyqHJI nopT(}>en1, MHHIICTpa HHOCTpaHHhlX ,n;eJI; MHHHCTpOM BHyTpeH
HHX ,I\0Jl 6hIJI naana1IeH faM6eTTa, MHHHCTpOM cpIIHaHCOB - IlnKap, MHHH
CTpOM IDCTHD;HII � RpeMbe, BOeHHhl�I MHHIICTpOM - reHepa.rr Jleqmo, MOp
CKHM - a,,n;MHpaJI <DypHIDOH, MHHHCTpOM rrpocBem;eHHH - CnMOH, MHHHCTpOM
o6m;ecTB0HHhIX pa6oT - �opnan, MR�HCTpOM 3eMJie)];e.JIHH II TOprOBJIH MaHLeH.
IlpaBHTeJILCTBO HOBO:Ü 6ypmyaanoii pecny6.rr1n-a1 IIpHCBOIIJIO ce6e H8HMeHO
B3HHe «npaBHTeJibCTBa nan;noHaJibHOH o6opOHbI».
*
*
*
IlpuBe.,n;eHHLie (}>aKTLI IIOJIHOCThID IIO;:t;TBepm,n;aroT TO"CJKY apeHHH MapKca n
3nreJII»Ca o pema10m;eii püJrH napnmc,h-oro napo,n;a B peBOJiro:u;:wn 4 cenT®PH 4ô_
PeBOJIIO�H 4 C0HTH6pH 1870 r., E.aK naMH IIOKa3aHO, 6hlJia COBepmeaa 1pa6otIHMH H BceM TPYAOBhIM JIIO,AOM Ilapnma, cBeprun1MH HMIIep1110 Hano
__-rreona III BOnpeK:e: aKTHBBOMY npOTHBO,n;eiicTBHIO He TOJihKO MonapxHCTOB, HO
II 6ypmya8HhIX pecny6JIHKann;eB, ,,n;enyTaTOB JieBoii (}>paK�H 3aKOBO,AaTeJIL
HOro Kopnyca. Jlumennhle na,,n;Jiemam;ero peBOJIIOIJ;HOHnoro pyKOBOJJ;CTBa ( co6hl
THH 4 C0HTH6pH 011{0 paa IIOKa3a.iIH HBIIO]J;fOTOBJieHHOCTb coo;uaJIHCTOB) ' pa6o
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B pHJJ;e npoMhlmJieHHLIX n;enTpOB - JI11one, MapceJie, TyJiyae H JJ;pyrnx,
r.,n;e npOT:e:Bo,n;e:iiCTBHe 6ypmyaaHH 6LIJIO Menee CHJlbHbIM, l!eM B Ilapnme, 6hlJIH
coa.,n;aBhl peBOJIIDD;HOHHhle RoMMYHhI. 3a ROpOTKOe BpeMH CBOero cyin;ecTBOBa
HHH OHH, KaK YBH]J;HM, ycneJIH ocy�eCTBHTh, oco6eHHO B JlHoHe, PHA paJJ;HRaJib
HhlX IIOJIHTHqecKHX H coo;naJILHblX MeporrpHHTHH H IIpllHHTb IlOCTaHOBJieHHH,
HeROTOphle H3 ROTOpbIX npe]J;BOCXlIIIJ;a.TIII ,n;eRpeTbl IlapHiHCROH. RoMMYHhl
1871 r.
, □JIO]J;hl, .,n;o6bIThle
4
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myaauoro npaBHT8JlhCTBa (}>paH:u;yacKOÜ pecny6JIHIŒ 1870 r. KpaTKO, HO Bhlpa3HT0JlhHO oxapaKTepH30BaJI BCIIOCJie,n;cTBHH B. II. JleHHH: <<Jln6epaJihHhle rrpoii:
.n;oxn' aaxBaThlBaroT BJiaCTh>> 47 .
MaBeCTHe O RpymeRHH HMilePHIi H O npOB03f.1Iaill8Hfl:[[ pecny6JIIUΠ6hlJIO
BCTpe'IeHO C 3HTY3Ha8MOM HapOJJ;HhIMH MaccaMH ©pano;nn, B TOM lIHCJie 3HalJH
f
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nepHH ee noaopHoe nopameHne B BO:ii.He. XapaRTepHo, 'ITO }];ame KOHcepBaTHB
na,i IIpecca Ba JJ;pyroi ,n;eHb IIOCJie peBOJIIOD;HOHHblX co6bITHH 4 ceHTH6pH IIH
caJra O TOM, KaR maTOK 6blJI 6oHanapTHCTCRHM peiHIIM BO <Dpano;HH. <<3a 15
-qacoB,- nO]J;llepKHBaJia «Figarm>,- pyxHyJI Tpon, npo;::i;epmaBmniicH 19 JieT.
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cTyIO BHyTpeHHOCTI,» 48 •
45 Actes, t. V, p. 390. Dépo sition Bescherelle.
46 K. Ma pKc. IIepBLIÜ Ha6pocoK ((fpam,naHcKoii BOHHLI BO <DpaHQIUU>. K. Ma pKc
u: <!>. 3Hre.rr1,c_ Coq,, T. 17, CTp. '513; <D. 8Hre:ILC. EBporreH-CKHe pa6oqHe B 1877 r.,
K. Ma pKc u <D. 3H r e ;:r 1, c . Coq., T. XV, cTp. 402.
47 B. li. JI e H H Il. IfaaB qTeHIUI O RoMMyHe-. Coq__ T. 8, CTp. 180.
48 qHT. no P. Robiquet. Op. cit. p. 313.
,
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n;ttaJutcTLI e�e 6o.'Ibme ycu:!'U.lII üonponrn:ienn:e aaooeBa TeJibHhIM nJrnirnM IOH
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,.,
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,n;ana, .D;BHraJIHCb K IlapHIBY.
Apxe:B MMJI, <p. 21, e;r. xp. II/30. Minutes of the General Council of the I Interna
tional. 1870. Council meeting. August 2. Coo6�enne MapKca.
2 <<Le Rappel», 25 juillet 1870.
1
142
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B npaBHTeJILCTBO HaIVJOHaJihHOH II3M0Hbl 4•
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B 6op1,6e C BH0IDHBM BparoM.
Cl>paHqyacKHe pa6oqne B nx Torp;amH.Re py1wno,r::i;1ITe:n1 Haxop;HJIIICb BO BJia
CTH HJIJII03llH, 6y}];TO HOBOO 6ypmya3HOe npaBIJTe.'ILCTBO cnooo6Ho, KaI{
3TO 6wm B 1792-1794 rr., B03r.11:aBHTh BCe ifŒBbie CHJihl cDpaHD;HH ,l];Jl.H npe
)];10TBpam;eHHJI Hanucmeiî Ha;::i; Heii orraCHOCTH. ÜHH ne y,,IHTblBRJill, RaK C'IIJlhH<O
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KanB'l'YJIJIIITCRBe
s41UJICD1
Enquête parlementaire sur les actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale
(,u;aJiee -Actes), t. V, p. 249. Déposition Gambetta; H. Moltke. Op. cit., s. 135.
4 R. Ma p K C. fpamp;aHCKaa BOiiHa BO {f)pamvm. K. Ma pK C JI et>. 3 H r e JI L C.
3
C:011., T. 17, CTp. 321-322.
143
CBOilX KJiaCCOBl,JX ,opraHU3aI�HH U H3'bHBH.'IH P.OTOBHOCTh orpaHUqHThCH oopwofi
npoTHB npycc1rn:x OIŒynaHTOB, u;e.'IHROM ,n;oBepHBIDHCb PYKOBO,ZJ;CTBY 6ypmya3Horo npaBHTeJihCTBa. B 8TOM 3aI,:noqa;rncb HX rJiy6oKaH om.0:6Ka, npHB0,D;IIIa.fl
H OCJia6JieHHIO CHJI pa60 11ero Ii:Iacca H, B ROHff'IHOM cqeTe, R OcJia6JieHHID o6opoHOCIIOC06HoCTII cDpaHTI;HH.
BJiaHKlI II 19 6JIHmaiimnx ero copaTHHROB BhlCTYIIHJIH 7 ceHTH6pH B nepBOM
1l0Mepe cnoeiî ra3eThl, Ha3BaHHO:Ü: HMII <<ÜTe'IeCTBO B onaCHOCTB.», C ]);eKJ1apa
u;neii, B ROTopoft 06':b.HBH:.CH HOBOe 6ypmyaanoe rrpaBnTeJibCTBO Bhlpa3HTe
:rnM <<HapO,ZJ;HOH MhICJIH H Han;noHaJihHOH o6opOHhl>>, o6em;aJIH OIŒ3hIBaTI:, eMy
<ŒHeprHlIHYIO>> H <<a6coJIIDTHYIO>> nop;p;epamy H rrpH 3TOM 3aH.BHJIH, l!TO niepep,
JlHIJ;OM Bpara>> He ,D;OJiarno 6h!Th (<HHRRI-aIX napnrii, HHRaKHX OTT0HKOB», ·11To
�BO HM.H o6�eCTBeHHOf0 cnaceHlUI... ,D;O.TI.iRHl,J HC"tJe3HYTb BCHRfül OIIII03HD;HH,
BC.HKoe HecorJiacne>>. ,[I;eRJiapa:u;1u1 3a:1rnHtIIIBaJiach, npaBµ;a, npeµ;ynpem�eaueM,
'tJ:TO, npncoe,ZJ;HHH.HCb R npaBIITeJibCTBY, 6JiaHRUCThl OT HM0HH cppaHn;yac1wro
napo,n;a noaJiararoT na Hero 06.HaaTeJihCTBO <<CKopee noxopoHHTh ce6a BMecTe
c RaMn no;a; pa3Ba:rn.Ha�1n Ilapnma, 'IeM no,n;rrIIcaTI:. rroaop n pacqJJeHeHHe
(l)paHiîJfII» 5• Ho 31'0 3a1IB.ïeRirn JIHlllb no,:z:qepRHBaJW 11.X Rammyro Bepy ·B ,HO
' BhIX
npaBIITeJieii.
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B nepnoM HoMepe Bü300HOBHBlllei-îcH <<Le Réveil,. IIllOOJI: «MM xomM o�oro,
LfTOOhl o-Teqe,cTEû 6Lrno cnaceno, cnaceno .·no6oii neHoiî. MH ne ocTaHOBHMCH
ilH rre:pe.n; qeM, 1f'TOOhI A'06HTLcn: 3Toro. · Mhl ·3a6yA"eM -sce, ·aacTaB:HM y;MOJilfilYTh
HamH 1IYBCTBa II 3a�IBHM TeM, B lJbUX pyRax �axo,n;IITCH cy,n;1,6a crpaHhl, KeM 61,1
OHH HH 6hlJIII: <<BnipBHTe <l>paIIIJ,HIO II3 pyR HH03eM�a Il Mb! oy,n;eM 6JiarOCJIOB
:JHTf> Bac>>>> 6•
IlapnmCKHH <l>e,u;epaJibHLIÏI COBeT JfHTeprran;HoHaJia B OTBeT na aanpOChl H3
npoBHHD;HH O TOM, NaRyIO noa:m::,;nro CJie,n;yeT 3aHHTh no OTHOUieHHIO K HOBOMY
npaBHTeJibCTBY, paaocJia:r BCNOpe IlOCJie 4 ceHT.H6p.H aa IIO,D;IIHCbIO Bap:reHa,
MaJioHa, Baxpyxa n;upRy.'I.Hp, B RoTopo:M aaaBJIH;i: << lJ:ac ne,n;0Bep1u1 n pac«oJia
ne nacraJI. Ha Hac B03JiaraIOTC.H TOJiblW µ;Be o6H3aHHOCTH, KOTOphle HaM na;1.
:rnmHT BMilOJIHlITb: o6opoHa Ilapnma n npHHHTHe Mep npe,n;ocTopomHOCTH npo
nrn pacTepHBme:ftc.H, omeJioM.ïeHŒroir, Ho He rro6e�8HlHOH peaxn;mu 7.
feHepaJibHbl:Ü: COBeT MrrTepnau;noHa:rn BO BTOpOM, COCTaBJI0HHOM MapKCOM,
R033B3HHII O <f>paHRü-IIpycc1rnii BOR.He OT 9 C0HTH6pH 1870 r. rrpep;ocTeperaJI
cppaHn;yacKHX pa601IIIX OT yB.'Ie"ll€HHH :.ro3yHraMH COBepmeHHO HHOH HCTOpll'Ie
CNOH 3IIOXH. B B033BaHIIII IIO;r:I.1ièpraIBaJIOCb, qTo «HM HYiRHO ne IlOBTOPHTI, npo
IIIJioe, a IIOCTpülITb 6y,r::i;ym;ee>>. Op;noBpe)IeHHO c y-qaCTHeM B o6opOHe cnoe:ü
crpaHbI pa601IHe ,D;OJIIBH.hl <<OCHOBaTeJILHO yNpenHTh opraHH33D;HIO CBoero co6CTBeHHOro KJiacca>>. H�rnHHO B oTO:.\I BHAeJI renepaJII.Hhlii coBeT saJior ycnexa
pa6o-qero RJiacca B ero 6op1>6e 3a yrrpo11eHHe pecrry6]1IIKH, 3a Boapomp;eHHe
<DpaH:a;HH, 38 co6cTB8HHOe OCBo6om,r:,;eHHe.
B B033BaHHH cop;epma:.rnc1, n ;:,;pyrne BamHeümne npeµ;ocrepemen1rn:. IIpn
BeTCTBYH yqpemp;eHne pecrry6.'III RII BO <l>paHD;HH, reHepaJibHl>IH COBeT BhICKa
:-3hIBaJI BM0CTe C Te�I cepbe3IIble orraceHIIH no nooop;y TOI'O, lJTO 3Ta !I)OCrry6JIJIRa
«npoBosrJiameHa He 1rn:n cou;na:n.noe 3asoenanne, a RaR nan.uonaJihHaH Mepa
o6opOHhl)) II HaXOlJ.lITCH B pyn:ax 6ypmya3HOro npaBHTeJibCTBa, yuacJie}J;oBaB
mero or HMnepnn <<ee cTpax rrepe,r:,; pa601IHM R.raccoM>>. fenepaJI1>Hhl:Ü coBeT
o6pam;aJI BHHMaHHe q>paHil,Y3CE'.IIX pa601IHX na orraCHOCTb opJieaHHCTCROH pe
CTaBpau;nH, o6JiefqHTL ROTopyio, corJiaCHO 3a:MhIC.IlaM opJieaHHCTOB, npH8BaHa
BHOBI:. yqpemp;eHHaH pecrry6::rnna. Bo33B8HHe BMecTe c reM rrpe,u;ocTeperaJio
cppan:a;y8CKHH npoJierapnaT rrpOTIIB rrocrremHhIX ,u;en:CTBHH, yKa3LIBaH Ha TO,
'ITO <<BCHRaH IlOII.hlTRa HHCnpoBeprHyTI. HOBOe npaBHT.eJII.CTBO, Torµ;a RaR ne1
1
1
5
6
7
«La Patrie en danger>>, 7 septembre 1870.
«Le Réveil», 7 septembre 1870.
Dans l'impossibilité où nous sommes. [Paris, 18ï0].
Jl:HCTOBI-rn.
MMJI. cDoTORonnK.
S E C O N D A D DR E S S.
Ilf out fim i:nanifesto of the 23rd of July we s.aid :" Tbe_ d.a th-kneil of the Second Empire ha& already sounded a.t Pana. Jt will
_
by a parody. But !et us not for�t ,bat it is the Government5
end, as 1t �n.
and th• ruhng claUM of Europe who enabled Louis Napoleon t-0 play during
eighte-en ,...,. t.be feroeious fa.r� of the Rutt>red Erttpir:."
T�u•, even before wu operations ha.d actua.Jly aet in, we treat.ed the Bona•
part1st bubble H a tbing of the put.
If w! wen not. mist.a.�en as to the vitality of the Sèeond Et11pin, •e were- no,
wrong 1n <Mlr apprehermon lest. the German war sbould" lou its strictly de fenaive
charaoter aod d� into a war against the Fnmch people.,. The wa.r of
def�nce �ded, in point of fact, with the sun-ender of Louis Bonaparte, the Sedan
e&p1tulation, and the proclamatfon of the Republia at Paria. But lo� belote
these H'fllt_a, tbe nsry nioment that the utter rottenness of the Imperiah,t arms
bec&tne e 'rident., � Pruasian uiilitarr camuilla h&d nsolnd upon conquen.
There lay m ugly obstacle in t.heir way-Ki"'9 Willimn.'• .,..,,. proda.mat.ü;,u at
tAe co.-acca.t of tM wcr. In bis apeech from the throne to the North German
Die� be bad solemnly deel&red to inake wu upon the Emperor of the
Fren�, and not 12pon the French people. On the 11th of August be had ùsued
a. ma.n1festo t.ot.he French n•tion, whe-re he said: "The Eroperor Napoleoo baving
made, by land and sea, an attack on the German na.tion which de.sired and :.till
desira to li•e in _puce wi\h �• Fren� people I have usu med the comm.and o(
_the German arm.1• to �l .lu aggrunon,, a.n<1t I have been led by milito.ry effffr.
to t:rou tMf1'aW.ti4r• of Fra.-ac,. ,, Not content t.o u1ert the defensive ehaT&Cter of
the war by the atatement that be onl1 a.uurned the comm&nd of the G erznan
armiee "to r�l �11.," be addod that he wat only ")ed b:, 1nilitary eYenta"
toc� the frontiers ot P'ranoe. A ·deten&ive wu doos, of course, not exclude
offenaive operaUooa, dictat.ad by " milit.ary e•ents."
}IAqAJIO BTOPoro
.B033BAHIUI I'EHEPAJibHOI'O COBETA. UHTEPHAUHOHAJIA
no IlOBO)];Y <I>PAHH�YCCROll B0.0:Hhl
npHHTeJII. yme noqTH CTY':IHTCH B BopoTa IlapHma, 6hl:ra 6i.1 OTtJ:aHHHhlM 6eay
MHeM». feHepaJILHhIH COBeT paao6JrnqaJI aaxBaTHHqec1nrn nnaHhl roc
IIOACTBYIOID;HX .ItITaccoB IlpyccHH 11 y1mai.rnan, 'ITO no6ep;a IlpyccHH np1rne,1:,;eT
� IJary6HLIM IIOCJieACTBHHM _AJIH _AeJia pa6oqero KJiacca BCeX CTpaH. ÛH npH3hl
BaJI pa6011ux K 6op1,6e npOTHB 3RXBaTa :3Jib3aca H JloTapnHrHII, 3a 1IpH3HaHHe
q,paH�3CKOii pecny6JIHKH 8•
Bce 8TH yKa3aHHH, »MeBmHe orpOMHoe 3HalleHHe ,IJ;JUI q>paHn;yaCKHX pa6o
qIJX, OCTaJIHCb AJIH HHX B TO BpeMH HeH3BeCTHbIMH. Bo33BaHHe He 6bIJIO ony6JIHKOBaHo HH B JieBopecny6JI:e:KaHcKHX raaeTax <<Le Rappel» II <<Le Réveil», HII
R 6JrntnœeTcKo:ü: «La Patrie en danger». E.AHHCTBeHHblÜ 6y1pmya3HhI:ii oprau,
Hane"'laTaBIDHH B083BaHHe, ycTpaIUl.1'I ll3 Hero BCe OTHOCHBmeec.a K «npaBH
TeJILCTBY uan;HoHaJibHOH o6opoHbI» 9. Jlnmb B ROH:a;e ceHT.H6pH 1870 r. Jla<papr
coo6m;un MapKcy H8 BopAO 06 ony6JIHKOBaHnu HM B MeCTHo:ii ra3eTe «La Tri
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ŒBMH oneqaTKaMHt. On C rope"llbIO ROHCTaTHpoBaJI, qTo B033BaHHe He nplIBJie
"l'iJIO K ce6e BHKMatlUUI <ppaJI�yaoB, <<a OHll MOf.'IlI 61,1 MHOfOMY nayqIITI,iCH 113
"CJTeHH.H 8Toro .AOKyMeHTat l O.
8 K. M a p K c. BTopoe B033BaHHe feuepa.ïLHoro CoBeTa MeiK,IJ:yBapo,a;Horo TOBapH
rn;ecTBa pa6o'IIHX O q>paHKO-IIpyccKoii BOB.He. K. Ma p K C l'i Cf>. 3 H r e JI b c. Co11., T. 17,
crp. 274-281.
9 <I>paan;yac-ruùi C0�HaJIHCT OrIOCT Ceppaiie, COOOIIl.'1Bllnt:H 06 ,HOM BII0CJie�CTBKH
na aace;i;aHHH feHepa:ILHoro conera HHTepHaq11oaa.ïa or 28 q>eBpa;u:1 1871 r., He Ha'3BaJI
;noiî raaerhl (Apxus HMJI, cp. 21, e�. xp., Il/30. Minutes ... 1871. Council meeting, Februa
ry 28).
10 Apxnn HMJI, cJ,. 1, e,J.. xp. 8223, orr. 5. TI. Jfacpapr - l\fapncy, 1870, oKo;xo 25 ceH
Taopa.
10
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fho 110Kaaano coa,n;aeHoe 4 ceuTH6pH rrpaBHTeJihCTBo.
Hau6oJibWBe OCHOBaHlI.H 6h1Th ,IJ;OBOJlhHhIMH COCTaBOM BpeMeHHoro 11paBII4
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R opneaHHaMy; opJieaHBCTaMH 6LIJIH BOeHHhIH MMHHCTp Jie4'Jio, MOpCROH MH
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HOBhIX upaBHTeJieii CCHJihl �TJ.H OTIIOpa Bce:u ,;::i;ypIIbUl c17paCTJL\I, HaXOi1];HIIJ;HMCH
B 6pomeHHlI H 6ypJ1H�HM 38 HX CIIB.noih> 13 •
Yme na ,n;pyroi )J;eHL 11ocJie IIpoBoarJiamemu1 pecrry6.11HnH opJieanHCThl Ha11aJu1 roTOBHTbC.H K Bhl6opaM B Han;HoHaJibHOe co6paHHe, ROTOphle AOJiiKHhl
6b1Jl'H 110CJieitoBaTh aa 11peKpa�e1raeM noeHHhlX p;eftcTBHiî. 5 ceHTHOPH B caJione
Tbepa o6cym,n;aJicJI no11poc o q>opl\-rnx opJieaHHCTCRoiî npep;BbI6opnoü arHTan;11 t1
B pa3JJH"'IHLIX ,n;enapTaMeHTax <l>paH:U:HH 14•
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HOCTh lJHCTO B 00HHhlMH MepoIIpHHTHHMH. Ha c:iep;yIO�HÜ .n;eHh, B npoKJial\m
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n;eJib, OAHO CTpeMJI0Hlle: crraceHHe OTe11eCTBa>). B p;eiîCTBHT8JlbHOCTH me :3TO
n paBE;TeJILCTB·o, npaapea CO CBOHMH .n;emiapan;HHMH, Bhlill:IO 3a rrpe.n;eJihl 11HC'l'O
P.OeHHOH �eHTe.;JLHOCTH JI CTaJio Ha TIYTh no:nrrn11ec1rnï1 6opb6hl nponrn Ha
pO;.{HhlX Macc c nepBoro )];HH cBoero cymecrn0Ba1nu1. <<Eophoa Bpe:MeHHoro
rrpaBlITeJibCTBa II!POTHB ,u;eMaronm, - 38HBII."I BIIOC:1€;:J;CTBlIM ero rJiaBa,
Ha11aJiaCb c Be"lepa 4 ceHT.JIDpH>> 15•
.[(na 1wpenHhlX BOIIpoca, BOrrpoc O BOHHe H MHpe li
CaiorallC npaBBTe.llLCTBOH BOIItpOC o6 ynpotieHIIH pecny6.ïIIJ-iaHC}WfO CTPOH rrpe
ooopOHhl IlaptDKa
iRAe ncero 1pa3,ae:1H.·m <mpamneJihCTBo Ha:u:IIona.rrh
noii o6opoHbI» B q>paHU:Y3CKHÜ H8pü:l.
Yme Ha nepBO'll aace,;::i;aŒIHH npaBitTe:rhCTBa, Bel!epo�r 4 ceHTHûpH, Tpmuro
Ha3
On HeII3'�IerHito
' BaJI 003)'MHeM ·ÀaJihHeiimee BoeHHoe corrpormweH1Te.
B03Bpam;aJIC.H K 8TOMY BOIIpocy Ha noc:1e;r:i;yrorn;:ux 3acep;aHIIHX. <<ÛH cqn:Ta:I
nca;i:y 6eana;r:i;erKHo rrponnpaHHOÏI... ÜH uc ocraB.TIHJI Ha�1 HM MaJie:ü:meii
<D. 3 H r e ;i b c - K MapRcy. 7 ceHTHOpH 1870 r. K \I ,a p R c H <I>. 8 n r e :1 :n c.
Co,11. , T. XiXIV, CTp. 3'96.
12 J. d'H au s s o n v i 1 I e. Mon journal pendant la guerre ( 1870-18f7·1). Paris, [190,=j],
p. 110.
13 Ibid,. 1p . 111.
14 Ibid., p. 112.
15
Actes, t. V, p. 125. Déposition Trochu.
11
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16
8
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Actes, t. V, p. 218. Déposition Picard.
ABIIP, Kami;., )];. 119, ;i. 100. IlpoeKT nHCLMa OnyHeBy B IlapHili oT 2(14) cenn16p11 1870 r., yTBepm,u,eHHLiii A;ieKcaH)];poM II.
18
Actes, t. I, p. 38. Rapport Rainneville. Pièces justificatives.
19 ABITP, Kam�., 1870, ,n. 119, JI. 200.
20
Procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil du Gouvernement de la défense natio
nale, 1870-1871. Publ. d'après les manuscrits originaux de A. Dréo. Paris, Séance du
9 septembre 1870, p. 95.
21 J. D e s m a r e s t. La défense nationale. Paris, 1949. p. 116.
22 Actes, t. V,
p. 10. Déposition Thiers.
16
17
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J. S i m o n. Le Gouvernement de la défense nationale. Paris, 1874, p. 56; Actes,
t. V, p. 249. Déposition Gambetta.
4
�
Procès- verbaux des séances du Conseil... Séance du 8 septembre 1870, p. 89-90.
25 E. Gir a r d i n. Hors Paris. Bordeaux, 1871. Introduction, p. VII.
26
J. Sim o n. Op. cit., p. 37.
27 Actes, t. V, p. 24-9. Déposition Gambetta.
28 Procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil... Séances du 7, 9, 10, 11, 15 septembre;
1870.
23
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II npecJie,n;oBaHHH 3a y11aCTHe B Hapop;HhIX ABHiK0HHHX B ro,a;LI BTopo:ü: DMIIe
pHH 32 . Co6paHHe BhIHeCJIO TaKme pemeHHe O IlOChlJIIΠ.amTaTopoB B npoBHH
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liHTepna:a;ttoHaJia 33,- rrpep;1>HBHBmaH Tpe6oBaHHH co6paHHH B paTyme. J:{eJie29 Recueil officiel des actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale pendant le
siège de Paris (�arre-e - Récueil officiel...). Paris, 1871, p. 372.
30 Actes, t. V, p. 126. Déposition Trochu.
31 G. Le f r a nça i s. Etude sur le mouvement communaliste à Paris en 1871.
Neuchâtel, 18i1, p. 63; CM. TaIOKe J.-B. C 1 é m e n t. La Revanche des communeux, t. I. Pa
ris, 1886-1887.
32
Actes, t. I, p. 287. Pièce <<K>> . Séance du Comité des vingt arrondissements.
-� septembre [1870].
33 J. D a u t r y et L. S c h e 1e r. Le Comité Central Républicain des vingt arrondis
sements de Paris, Paris, 1960, p. 14.
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34
G. Le français. Op. cit., p. 65.
151
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35 <<Le Patriote», 9 septembre 1870. �eT. no J. Dau t r y et L. Scheler. Op. cit.,
p. 17-18.
36 J. Da u t r y et L. S ch e 1 e r. Op. cit. p. 30.
,
37 Ibid., p. 29.
38 Dans l'impossibilité où nous sommes ... JlHCTOBRa. MMJI. <l>oroKoIIHH.
39 Ibi<l.
40
J. S i m on. Op. cit., p. 31.
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u
<<Le Réveil», 13 septembre 1870.
<<La Patrie en danger>>, 10, 17 septembre 1870; «Le Réveil>>, 13 septembre; <<Le
Combat», 16, 17, �-1 septembre 1870.
43 <<Le Réveil>>, 13 septembre 1870.
41
42
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11
((La Patrie en danger», H septembre 1870.
H. Mo 1 t k e. Geschichte des deutsch-franzosischen Krieges von 1870-1871
2. Aufl. Berlin, 1891, S. ·100.
46 (l). 8 H r e JI 1, c. Bop1,6a BO cDpam:�HH. K. Ma pK c H <l>. 3 H r e JI 1, c. Co"I., T. 1î,
crp. 170.
47 Procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil... Séances du 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 septembre
1870.
48
Recueil officiel..., p. 429.
44
45•
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49 Enquête partementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars. Versailles, 1872, p 260.
.
Déposition Montaigu.
50 Actes, t. V, p. 129. Déposition Trochu.
51 Ibid., p. 130.
52 Actes, t. I, p. 187.
Pièce d{». Séance du Comité des vingt arrondissements,
11 septembre {1870i
5
! «La Patrie en danger», 22 septembre 1870.
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1
r-4 <<La Patrie rn dangeri>, 10 septembre 1870.
«Le Combat», 23 septembre 1870.
56
<<La Patrie en danger>>, 17 septembre 1870.
57 <<Le Combat», 23 septembre 18,0.
$S Ibid., 17 septembre 1870.
59
<<La Patrie en danger>>, 14 septembre 1870.
60
Ibid., i20 septembre 18,0.
61 Ibid., 18 septembre 1870.
62 Ibid., 14 septembre 1870.
55
156
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1
63
64
65
«La Patrie en dangen, 16 septembre 1870.
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CM., aanpuMep, •Le Rappel», 8 septembre 1870; «La Patrie en danger>>, 14 sep
tembre; «Le Combat», t6 septembre 1870.
68 «Le Combab, 16 septembre 1870.
66
6
7
157
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«La Patrie en danger>>, 18 septembre 1870.
CM., HarrpttMep, <<Le Rappel», 15 septembre 1870. RoppecnoBJJ;em:l;BH raaen,r
«L'Ordre du Pa,s-de-Calai-s>>.
71 H.ecueil officiel des acte� du gouvernement de la défense nationale, p. 388.
72 Procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil..., p. 115.
73 «La Patrie en danger», 15 septembre 1870.
74 «Le Rappeh, 15 septembre 18ï0.
69
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75
«La Patrie en danger», 18 septembre 1870.
Recueil officiel... , p. 3'94-396.
77 ABIIP, Ham�., À· 119, ..i:. 201 06. Ilpoewr 11Hc1,Ma OKyHeBy B Ilapnm OT 2(14) teH
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78
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79
Count Granville to lord Lyons 16 september 1870; I.J;e:T. no KH. J. V a I fr e y.
Histoire de la diplomatie du Gouvernement de la défence nationale, p. 266.
8° CM. J. Da u t r y et L. S c h e 1 e r. Op. cit..
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pa.MH H ,u;eMoH-c-rpaTHDHO cmRraJIH"Ch. EonanapnicrcirnH raaeTa <<Le Français>>,
II[JO�o.rrmaBmaH Bhlxo;tlfTb B Il aip:ame n rrocJie 4 cenur6pH, paapa3HJiach KJieBe'f
HnqecK:e:MH Bhlna;i;aMH IlpüTHB (<B03tp-O,IlHBmeiicH CTapoÏI rraipnm 15 MaH R HIOHb
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illHXCH MOH8.JpXHCTOB neoHKOOHHCKaH <<Le Combat» rrnca.'la 18 ceHTHÔpH: <<IIpa1mreJihCTBO IIOJiyqHJIO npep;ylljpe-m;::i:eHne. BoT OHII, II:.IO;J;bl ero Kpaiin,e.ü Hep,e
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IJJt
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rreperre'!aTana B paao6Jia'IHTeJILIIhlX :u:e.1:11x B rneTe «Le Combat>> 18 ceHT116p11 1870 r.
11
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ne H
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82
<<Le Combat», 18 septembre 1870.
I'.,1 a a a ut e c ni a .C/,
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(19 CEHTHBPH 1870 r. - 28 HHBAPH 1871 r.)
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-
u
Récueil officiel des actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale pendant le
siège de Paris (AaJiee - Récueil». Paris, 1871, p. 408.
2 Procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil du Gouvernement de ;a défense nationale.
1870-1871 (AaJiee - Procès-verbaux). Paris, 1908, p. 146-147.
3 Récueil, p. 413.
1
11*
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yqacTHH :B o6�oHe Ilap.rrma.
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CI(aJih3hIBaJIII rro.n;11ac IIIOBII.HIIC11I1Ie<'.KlI8 HOTh'JI. ):(ame y BJia'HRB BCT:petJaIOT
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C:.IH BhlB8CTH OTTyp;a BOJ".ICRa. XOTH OIIII ObIJIII Hy,nHbl AJIH o6opoithl <I>paH
UIIIl 8• Bo�i:ee Toro, Hno6nHcnaH raaeTa «Le Combat>> npe,n;Jiara.'Ia p;ame Hanpa
iRJJ;aTb <ppa·H I:J.y3Cn1IX BOIIHOB IIOC.î(? BOÏIHbl YlJ8CTRaMH 38.M:CH B A:.r,Rnpe
Il B ;rIJpyr11x q>pann;y3CRHX IW:IOHHHX 9.
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H ux Tpeôosaum1
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1
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Ilpe;a:npHHH:\raTe:rn rro:i:L3ona.1nc1, 3nn1, qToo:61 cnna-.arh 3apa5ornyro n::raTy
pa6oTaIOiqH:\1 11 . Bypmya, IDieH ;:(CIIbDI H 3arra,cbl IIJpo;::i;ynTOB, MeHhille - o .u:i;yIIJ;am1
4 <l>. 8Hre.1bC. 3a�rnnm O BOHHe. h. MapRc II et>. 3nreJILC. Co11., T. 17,
CTp. 241.
5
«La Guerre il lus trée>>, 21 septembre 1870.
6 G . Flou r en s . Paris
livré. Paris, 18ï1, p. 85-91.
7
<<La Patrie en danger», 18 octobre 1870.
8
ProcPs-verbaux. p. 121.
9
<<Le Combat>>, ï octobre 1870.
10 <,Le Rappel », 3û octobre '1870: «Le Combat», 28 octobre, 1 novembrè 1870.
11 Enquête parlementaire sur lïnsurrection du 18 mars, t. II. Versailles, 1872, p. 551,
612; <<Le Combat>>, 15, 27 octobre 1870.
16-1.
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r
<<Le Rappel», 11 octobre 1870; «Le Réveil», 27 septembre 1870.
<<Le Combat», 1î septembre, 11 octobre 1870.
14 <<Le Réveil>>, 27 septembre 1870.
15 <<Le Combat>>, 1 octobre 1870.
16 <<La Patrie en danger>>, 8 septembre 18ï0.
17 <<La Patrie en danger», 18 novembre 1870.
1 s Ibid., 4 octobre 1870.
19 Ibid., 6 octobre 1870.
12
1
166
3
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)J.y«Thl CTaHyr em;e 6onee fP0]l;K'II Ha pbIHIŒX>>,- II,HHl!lIHO aa.HBJIHna opJiea
HHCTCKaH «Journal des Débats» 26•
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20 «Le Combab, 29 septembre, 6 octobre 1870; «La Patrie en danger», 4, 10 octobre
1870.
21 •Le Combat», 7 octobre 1870; «La Patrie en danger>>, 8, 11, 14, 22 octobre 1870.
22 •La Patrie en danger», 16 octobre 1870; «Le Combat>>, 17 octobre
1870.
23 «Le Combat», 28, 29 octobre 1870.
24 «Le Rappel», 15, Q.7 sept_embre, 12 octobre 1870.
25 <<Le Siècle», D;HT. rro �<La Guerre illustrée>>, 5 octobre 1870, p. 161-162; <<La
î,ibertét, 2·5 octobre 1870.
26 lJ;u1·. no G. Lefrançais. Souvenirs d'un révolutionnaire. Bruxelles, 1900, p. 404.
27 IJ;nT. no «La Patrie en danger>>, 23 octobre 1870.
28
«Le Rappeb, 12 octobre 1870.
29 Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 390-391 .
167
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o
V
Les Murailles politiques françaises (;i;a.1ee - Murailles), t. I. Pari�, 1873, p. 145.
Ibid., p. 208, 209, 251, 261, 264.
32 JI e o H T 1, e B. 06opona Ilape:a<a. CII6., 1871, cTp 5-t.
33 Murailles, t. I, p. 230; «Le Combat», 1 octobre 1870.
34 «ÛTf f'l0·CTB8HHhle- aaTIHCRH», IIIOHh, 1871, CTJ). 13'1.
3s «Le Rappel», 24 octobre 1870.
36 «La Patrie en danger�, 27 octobre 1870.
37 Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mar5, t. T. p. 424.
38 «Le Combat», 6 octobre 1870.
30
31
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6y.ti;TO 'B apxHBax llOJIH:u;HII naiiAeHhl ,!J;OKyMeHThl, KOMIIpOM8THpyroi:u;n:e ·BlI�bIX
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- B
JIIOD;HcmHLie KpyrH CKOpo HatJaJIH IlO;J;03p0BRTb ero B TOM, qro ÜIHÜ He Bep H"I'
no6eJJ;y. «EcJIH BLI 111e qyBCTB-ye're COOH cnoco6HbIMH pyIWBO,!J;HTb BOOOHhl'MH .n;e:ii
CTBHHMH - YXOJJ;HTet,- o6paTHJICH K 1IJieHaM npaBHTeJihCTBa 6Jia'}ffiHCT PeHhHp
em;e tB ca.MOM ua11ane oca,)l.hl 43. qepea Tpn: ae;,;eJiu c TaKHM me npn:abl'BOM K npa
BKTeJihCTBY 06paTHJiac1> «Le Rappel». <<E-c.Jin: Tp-omro coMHeBaeTCH B B03Mom
aoc·TH crraeTH Ilap.e:m..• nycTI, ycTyn.e:T MecTO T8M, KTO BepHT B nooe;uy», - ro
BQPHJIOCb li IIHCbMe qnTaTeJIH, orry6JIHKOBaH'HOM B aroii raaeTe 44. Ilpe.D;aTeJih
CKaH IlOJIHTHKa rrpaBHTeJibCTBa orrpe.n;eJJ.HJiaCb, O;:I.HaRO, He CTOJihRO JTHqHbI,MII
B3rJI�aM1H Tpom10, CKOJihKO TeM, lfTO pemHTe,;n�aoe Be;::t;eHlle BOH'Hhl He cOOT
BeTCTBOBaJio KJiaceOBhIM JLHTepecaM 6oHBIDeiicH yr.rry6JieHHH peBOJIIOD;IIH Rpyn
HOH 6ypmya3HH.
llaTpHOTH4eCKHe aJieMeHTLI cppaHn;yacKoro Bapo;1.a HR'IHHaJIH rrepexo,]J;HTh
Ha cropoHy 11poJieTapnaTa, Bhlcryrranmero KaK noc;ie,n;oBaTeJJ.hHO naTIJ)'MOTHqe
CKaH CHJia. «IIa-aa a.HTHilaTpHOTH3Ma oypmyaaHH,- npM3HaJI B ;:I.HH OCa,rJ.hl Ila
pn:ma nporpeccHBHLiii 6ypmyaaHhlii mypHaJIHCT 8. RIIH3,- pyKoBo.n;crno aa
qHeii nepexo.,t(IIT K pa6o11eMy KJiac-cy» 45.
2. MACCOBLIE OPfAHH3AIJ;IHI PABoqErO KJIACCA.
HAI{HOHAJibHA11 fBAP�JUI
PeBOJIIOIJ;IIOHJiaH a.KTRBUOCTh HapOAHhIX Macc npoµ,OJI
n
Jleaa.a eqaTL,
Kayfiw maJia pacTH. Bce 6 0:rne ôoeBoii c-ranoBHJiaCh JieBaH
B nywœ'IIUil
e co6paBB.a netJaTb: 6Jia•HKHCTCirnH <<La Patrie en danger>>, raaeThl
�teJIK06yrpmyaaHhlX H00HKOOHHneB <<Le Comdat>> n «Le Réveil» , raaeT- a
rroro «Le RBJpipeb. PeBoJIIOD;HOHHaH rreqaTh ynopHo 6opoJiaCh 1rnK rrp-0THB
Procès-verbaux, p. 178.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 128.
41
«Le Combab, 18 septembre 1870; «Le Rappeb, 23 septembre 1870; Procès-verbaux, p. 163.
4
2 Recueil, p. 417-420.
43
«La Patrie en danger», 20 septembre 1870.
44 «Le Rappel», 24 septembre 1870.
45
E. Quin e t. Le siege de Paris et la défense nationale. Paris, 1871, p. 87.
39
40
169
BOOP�-nŒHHhl:0. IlAPHlli
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nyoJIHKH 48•
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<<CeM:eÎÎBHe COBeTY>)
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6oeBoii BhlyqNe. BBH,IJ;y noueceHr.::hIX panee cppaHilY3CIWÜ ap11neii THiR8JibIX
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IlpaBHTe.IbCT"BO II B ,RHH oca;:i:hl coxpaHH:10 HerpoHyTI,DI y:u;eJieBIIIIIÏI o<pn:u;ep
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u
\.1
,.,
,.,
�Le Rappéh>, 14 octobre 1870.
«Le Combat», 19 septembre 1870.
8
-'
Ibid., 21 septembre 1870.
49 r:ibt.Jll .apecroBnHU Maprna.-1 Daiürn n rencpiî.l .-\.\16cp
18 septembre 1870: «LA Rappel», 18 septembre 1870).
u
u
-'6
-'7
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<,Le Combat»,
171
6pomeHJie M
' . B nap.IURC.RHX raaeTax Il)POAOJDRaJI.H fiOHBJIHTbCH ifl'HChMa coJinaT, a
TaRilte MOpHIWB. B 3THX IlHCh•Ma.x oqmu;ephl ' H renepaJihl paaooJiatJ:aJIH'Ch Ral'..
CKpbIThie �rnnapXHCTbI, o6pe1rnrom;ne apMIIIO Ha nopameHHe, li BLI;::{•B:U:ra.rroch
Tpei6onaHHe ci,r:i;eJiaTb apMllIO ;r.e.ÜCTB:0:T0JlbHO narµrnuaJihHOH H pecrry6JIHRaH
CIWH 50. ÜAHaKo peBoJirou;uoHHhie A0.HTeJlll Ilapnma ne BemI nponaraHALI 1B pe
ryJIHPHhIX lfaCTHX, n ROMaHAilpaM y,a;aBaJIOCI, rJiymHTL aaqaTRH na6JII01);aBIDIIX
CH TaM peB0JIIOIJ;l!I.0HHhlX HacrpoeHHH.
Pea1m;IIH C
' yMeJia, :na:n yme ·6LIJIO c1rnaa.H'o, IIpeBpaTHTb B C'BOIO OIIOpy H
MO0H'JibHYIO rBapp;uro, B cocrane ROTOpoi 6.hlJIO M.Horo IIOJI11TH1IOCKH OTCTaJI.hlX
Où10JPieHIJ;€B II3 0T,J;a:reHHLIX ,rl;0'IIapTa:àfeHTOB. ÜCOOeHHO ROHCepBaTKBHhlMH
6blJUl 6pe-ron11,h1. cJierrn rro,J;tIHHHnm.e:ecH renepa.Jiy TpomIO. Peain�nonnhle �o
MaHAiflPhI naTpas:nrna:n1 Moon;ieii ,na pa6olJIIx H Han;::aonaJIL'HhIX rBa,pAeïn�eB,
IIOC.bIJiaJIH 'HX ripOMHTh IIOMe�eHHH .1e'BhIX RJiyo<>B II ra3eT Il apecroBhlBaTh pe
BOJIIOIJ,HOHepoB. BnyTpH MOOIIJihHon rnap,n;HH 6hIJIH, BnpotieM, n JIIO,qll, THl'OTH·B
IIIHecH HaBHSaHHOÜ HM rnycHOH püJU,IO. Hor�a Ha Hapo}QIOM coopaHHH O�H H3
MOOKJieii npmrnnec peam:i;HoHHYIO pellh, BCJieA :aa HlftM BLICTytl'IIJI ,mpyroü, aa
nepnnmuii co6pa1aue, "tJTo npep;hIJJ;YIIO!« opaTop H-e OTJ)amaeT naeTJ)Oeirn.H Mac
chl 'MOO.HJieü H "tJTo B ôoJihillRHCTBe CBDeM on.u: pecnrïJI:aRa-nn;LI. Rmrl'M:eHTHPYH
3TOT q>aKT, «Le Combat» IIHica;i:a, tfTo peaR�HH IlhlTaeTCH naBJI3hlBaTL Mo6:a;i:b
soü :rnap.Ji;RH TaKyIO a.e r.By-cnyIO 1pOJih, Koropyro OHa :arpaJia B HIOHLC.KD:e �RH
1848 r. 51•
Bhloophl R0MaH;UipO'B naqH0Ha;i1>noi rBap,ïJ..HH npoxo�JI.H :e: nOCJie HaqaJia
OCa')];hl, no Mep-e apraHH3aIJ;lfH 1HOBhIX 6a-raJibOHOB B aT.Moccpepe OCT{)OH 6opwLI H
npHMOI'O BMemareJibCTBa rrpaBHT0JlhCTBa. TaK, 1B 159-M 6aram.oae BJiaCTH .IILI
TaJI]ICL upoBeCTH B KOMa·np;zq>hl 6aTaJihOHa CBoero lJ0JIOBeKa. ÜH� )];Bam� -OO'b
HBJIJIJIH H0i,IJ;0Ü·CTBIIT0.T.II,HhlM II36paHHe 6JiaHKHCTa rpaHiRe, R JHIIlih IIOCJl0 TOrO
RaR 6araJihOH B TpeTHli pa3 H3ÔpaJI I'panme CBOHM K0MaHAHpüM, 6LIJIH BLLHYiK
�0Hhl Yl'BepJV{Tb 3TO II36paHHe.
He cyMeB IIOMernaTh Bhl6opa:M JieBhlX nOMaH;tHJ)OB, npaBHT0JILCTBO npHHSl
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146-ro 6aTaJihOHa CarrJia, apecTOBa'HHOftO peaK�HOHHhlMll rBap;z:i;e:ë:�aMB 3TOI'O
6aTaJibOHa 52, KOMaHÂÜpa 163-ro 6aTaJil>OHa CHpHJIJIO, apeCTOBaHHOro •110 npB
l{a•3Y reHepaJia ToMa. O;:I,HaRo C:apn:rno 6hl.rr ocBo6omµ,eH u BBOBh .o:aopaH RO
Ma.HAHPOM ÔaTaJibOHa. IlpaBHTe."TJhCTBY YP.aJIOCb OTCTpaHHTb OT KOMa.H;J;OBaHaH
6aTaJihOHOM BJiaHKII. BLrny.aqen 6hl.rr Bhl:ÜTII B oTcTaBKY BapJieB. HeyAa1IHhlMH
OKaaaJIIICh, O�HaRO, npOHCRll rrpOTHB TaKHX ,ROMaHB.I\POB 6aTaJibOHOB Ha�HO
HaJII:.HOH rB3.IPJJ.HH, KaR 3�, JleBpo, JlaRaM6p, iKaRJiap, fpaHme, <l>Jiypanc.
M:aJibep 'II HeR'◊Totpbrn µ1pyn1e.
B OKTH6pe Ha1IaJio CIŒ3brBaThCH IIOJienenHe OCHOBHOÎÎ MaCChl nan;ROHaJIL�
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aaJibHO:Ü rBap,IJ.Hll, TaR lia3hIBaeM:hIX «ce-MeimhIX OOBeTOB», IIOMOraBIIl'HX ROMa'H
JJ.ElpaM nannoHaJIWIOÜ rBap;:i;nu II BMecTe C TeM KOHTpoJIHpOBaBm:HX 'HX A0HT0Jib
HOCTb 53. Bo MHOrIIX oara.lJhOHax OHH CTaHOBHJIHCb opraHa·HH 6oiph6LI UpûTHB
pea.KD;HOHHl>IX oqmu;epOB H orropoii nepe�OBLIX ROMaH,z\HPOB.
Ilo CB.HJ,IJ;eTeJibCTBY û,J;HOro oqmu;epa, B fül)K}:(OM 6aTaJILOHe n noqrn n KaiK
ir,oi poTe 6bUIU ,UBC BJiaCTII - B:IaCTb «cel\'leHHhIX COBeTOB», COC'l'OHBillHX 3aqa
CTYIO R3 npocThI.X COJI,ll.ar, Il B.1aCTb 1rn6pa'HI1hIX o<j}nn;epoB. qJieHhl «ceM:eË.HhlX
COBeTOB», II0 ero C.T(OBaM, IItpeTeH;:J;OBa�ïII Ha ynpa'BJIO-HHe rro�pa3AeJieH'B.eM H 3a
CTaBJIHJIH oq>.o:u;epon orqHThlBaThCH rrepe;:{ HRMH 54.
•La Patrie en dangen, 23 octobre 1870; «Le Combat», te octobre 1870.
«Le Combab, 2 octobre i8ï0.
52 Ibid., 11, 1'2, 19, 24, 2ï, 31 octobre 1.870; «La Liberté», 2'2 octobre i.870; Procès
verbaux, p. 1.07.
53 Il. Re p iH e H ne B. JlcTOpHH Ilapnmc1rn:ü: RoMMYHLI. M., 1959, CTp. 65.
54
<<La Patrie en danger>>, 3 décembre 1870.
50
si
172
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BHTC.H» 55• B Ha.u;:e:oHaJihHOÜ l'BapA.HH HOBhle ,u;eRpeThl, ecTeeTBeHHO, Bhl3BamI
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6eJilllBIUibCKHe CTpeJIKH, B03rJiatBJI.HeMhle cDnypaHC'OM, 6hIJill BOOpymeHhI xopo
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.I{HpOM 57.
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arnHHHx <ppaHizy3CKHX BOH'CK B APyrHx pairoaax crpaHbl YCHJIHJIH CTp0MJI0BHe
1'J)YJVIID;HXC.H CTOJl�hl aKTHBHO YlJaCTBO'BaTb B OOeBbIX l];0HCTBR.HX. ToJih.KO B
cepe;:\HHe OKTH6pa npaBllTem,crBo no;:i; ,TI.aBJJeHlieM pacrym;ero •B03Mym;eHH.H na
p·nmcxoro naceJieHH.H naocHBHhfM xapaRTeipo�1 o6opon1>1 IIap'HiRa H3l);aJio-p;eK1peT
o6 o6paaoBaHHH OTpH�OB �o6poBOJlhD;eB Il3 COC'TaBa Ha�HOHaJibHO:Ü rBap;a;HII
,J;JIH yqac'TH.H B 60.ax 58. Ho H aTy BhIHym,::i;ennyro ycrynRy rpy;vim;n:Mc.H Tpomro
llbrTaJICH H'CIIO;J'I,30BaTb B CBOllX JfHTepecax. B�1ecro Toro, lJT06l:il opra'HH30Ba'fh
MapmeBhle oTpH�hI Ha 6aae cym;ecrByrom;nx no�pa3,rr.e;iemr:ü, ImK upe;1,JiaraJia
.'IeBa.SI IIff'laTh, npa1u1reJibCTBO HaMepeBaJIOCb BbI,:J;e.J.IHTh lIX H3 COCTaBa Hau;no
HaJibHO:Ü rBap,u.HH, CJilITh e peryJI.HpHbL\III "TlaCTHMII II CMeHRTb 0.a6paHHhIX B
HHX oqrna;epoB Ha3HalJeHHhlMII 59.
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M:0HThl»,- nn,caJia <<Le Combat>> 60• ,I:(e.rreK.JI03 o6BIIHHJI rrpamueJihcTBo B ToM,
qTo OHO xo11eT JIHIIIlITh nan;n:oHaJihHyro rBap;::r.nro ee Hapop;uoro xapaKTepa 61•
B ROH{\e OKT.H6p.a no Eonpocy O ;::i;oopOBO.;l:bIJ;ax COCTOH..10Cb COBem;anne oqm:n.e
pOB HaI\KOHaJihHO:Ü rBap;QIH no;:i; npe;:::r.ce;::i;are::mcrBO)I
cDaapa. CoBem;aBHe
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OTKa3aJic.a o6cymµ;a-rh co;i;epmaHJie ;n:enpera II noc:ie ocTphrx cnopoB npe1pBa.. "J
C'OBe:m;aaHe 62• Cone:m;aH1rn .HCHO noKa3a."IO, HaCKOJlhKO OOOCTipHJUICb QITHOIII01UUI
:�rnm,ri;y '00.J.IhlIIlIHCTBOM oaraJibOHOB HaIJ,IIOHa:IbHOH rBap;::i;.1n1 II npaBIITe.JihCT130M.
3To CKa3aJIOCh na 3aIUICH µ;o6poBO:IbJJ;el3, rrpoBC,J,f'HHOM B IWHJJ;e OKT.HOip.H.
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,.,
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58
59
60
61
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,-
V
«Le Rappel», 7 octobre 1870.
«La Patrie en danger>>, 14 octobre 1870.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. î3, 178-179.
«La Liberté,., 16 octobre 1870.
Procès-verbaux, p. 254.
<<Le Combat», 24 octobre 1870.
<<Le Réveil», 20 octobre 1870.
G. F 1 o u r e n s. Op. cit., p. 124-1:zg; <<La Patrie en danger>>, 1 novembre 1870.
173
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He1wTopLrn ÔaTaJihOJIM Har.:i;nona.1:1>Hoiî rnap;i;nn: 3aHBHJIH, 11ro xorHT npn
HHTh yqacTlle B 6oeBhIX ,:i;eiiCTBllHX n IlO.l:HO):[ cocraBe, coxpaHJIH CBOIO opraHlI3aD;HIO. IlpannreJihCT Bo sroro He paapemn:rn 64. B "Borrpoce o6 IIcnoJih30BaHHH
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rnap;i;e:ü:u;,eB •rrpe,r:i;:vrecnrii ::\l·oryr cTa'rh peBo.:1101:v1orrnoii apl-meii. Bor rro-qelty ne
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3. HA qA"lO 60PhEhl 3A nO�HIYHY
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a rropoi-î: H BhIT€-CHHH C03,J;aHIIhlE'- 6yrpïf-.ya3neii oipraHhI yrnpaBJieHIIH, TaH.'IH B
ce6e 8a11aTRu nonoii nap-o;:uroü n.1acnr. Jlooyaro)I, Bhrpa3HBillHM cTpeM:renne
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rrpaBHTeJibCTBa, ,n1>1cRa3aJIHCh rrponrn ' BLroopoB B RolIMyny. TaKHe BhIDOphl, ro
BopHJI O,i'.J;IlH II3 HHX, (<OC.ïa6HT peBOJIIOD;IIOHHbie RO:MHTeTLI>>. Ilp.u-cyTCTBOBaBmIIe
na -coopaHIIII -q;reHhI IJJ, 20 Oh'.pyroB, HaIIpOTBB, BhlCTY'IIHJJil aa Bl>IOOpbI, Tan RaR
UR 20 o,KpyroB ctJ1naJI H0'B03:\IOif-.HhBI <<IIpIIHHTh nacn;r1,crneHm.Ie :uephl npo
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co.xipaHHTb craryc-RBO>>. T. e. ne na-6rrpaTb RoMMyay. Brrpo1Ie:u, no ,nro1y BO
rrpocy ÔhI.ïII paanor.-1a-cnH II rpe;i;n caMIIX 6.rraiffiIICTOB 67•
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R B��
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crBo - i.[Hllih rr.rroxaH IIO�,J,e.î:h'.a IBIIIepHH,- rrnca., E.1aHiilI 19 ceHT.H6pH,- ORO
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3aHB.HJI, 1ITO, <<ycROpIIB BbI60pbI B "Ytipe,:::i;nren:bHOe co5paHJle, rrpa'BHTe:n,CTBO
<I>aKTil.1IeCRH 'IIO,:I_ a;ro B OTCTélBf.Y)). I10-;no::it1y OH npe,::i;::rara;r aaMeHHTL npa1nneJJb03
Murailles, t. I, p. 222; <<L'Iilustration», 29 octobre 18ï0; «La Guerre illustrée>>,
-N 29. p. 226.
64 <<Le Réveil>>, 1 novembre 1870.
65
«La Patrie en danger», 4 octobre 18ï0.
66
Ibid., 24 septembre 1870.
67 Ibid., 23 septembre 18ïO.
· 68 O. E .i: a H n B. Ua6paHHhle rrpon3Be�emrn. �I., 1952, crp. 291.
Cl'BO Tpomro BOBHHOH ,lJ;HKTaTypo:ë: - npaBHTe;IbCTBOM 113 JI.8B.HTH JIHIJ;, H36paH
HhIX BOopymeHHhlMH CHJiaMR IlapHarn 69 •
Ho ec.rrH BLroophl B Han;HoHaJ11>Hoe caopaH:ae ;:i;el10RpaT1rcrncRHÜ Jiall'ep1, eJI,H
Ho,ri;ymHo OTRJIOHHJI, TO uo 0TH0ll8HHIO 'h IWMMyHaJihHblM BhroOpaM eJI,HHCTBa
BHaG:aJie, KaR !Mhl BH;J;0JIH, He 6hlJIO. Pa3HOf.!.l.aCHH IIOM0IIIaJIIl pe'BOJIIOD;HOHHhlM
:npyraM BhlCTaBHTb 0,I\ll.Hl>Ie TJ)e6oBaHHH BO BpeMH MaHII<pecrau;Hii 20-22 CBH
TH6p.a. Ho 3TH MaHH<pecTaD;Bll BhIHY,;:I,lIJill rrpaBHT8JlbCTBO Bp8M0HHO OTRa3aTbCJI
or BhlOopoB B Han;HonaJ11>Hoe coopaHne H or aa1-mroqeHna M:apa Ha npe;.vrnmeH
Hhlx B«cMapRoM ycJioBHax. IloJih3yach TeM, lfTO ne Bce py:noBüJOITeJIII )J;B'Ilme
Hna 3aHHJIH lJ:eTKYIO II03HIJ;HIO no OTHOIDeHHIO K BbI6opaM B HoMMYHY, ûHO OT
M0HHJIO TaKme H CBOH ,u;eKpeT 06 oTHX Bhf6opax, C'TaBIDHX p;.JI.H Hero Tenepb
:aeHyïKHLIMH. Or.Kas npaBHTeJihCTBa OT �ryHHIJ;RIIaJibHhlX Bhr601p0B B03MYTRJI ,u;e
MOKpaTH"t{OCKylO o6m;ecTB0HlIOCTb. Ha ŒiapOµ;HhIX coopaIDUIX, B IŒy6ax, B JieBOH
ne-qaTH Bbl.r(BBTaJIH.Ch rrpe,I\JIOHŒHIIH rrpoBeCTJI BhlOOpbl B Ko:MMYHY .HBOqHI,IM
rryToM. Terrepb TpeOOBaJIHe RoMMYHhl e,J.IIHO,:J,ymHo orcraHBaJIOCh BceM pe.so
JIIO:a;HOHHhlM JiarepeM, .B 25-26 C8HTH6pa B IIapnïEe COCTOHJIIICh HOBhle Ma
HHq>ecTa:o;B'H IIOJI. noayHroM 'BLIDOp<>B B KoMMYHY 70.
Ma11a♦ecTan;HH 25-26 eeHT.HOpH o6ocTpHJIH HaMeTIIBmHeca H paHI>me B
npaBHT0JlbCTBe paCXOiRJI.0H.BH IIO BOIIpocy O rrapHIBCKHX MYHHIJ;IIiJiaJihHhIX Bhl6opax. raM6e-TTa orry6JFHROBaJI B «Journal officiel» u,poTecT rnponrn nx or:MeHhl.
IlpaBHTeJibCTBO ohlJIO BhIHJffi)J.eHo 3aHBHTh, -qro peqh n,:i;eT .TIIIDh o BpeMeHHOH
OTCpOlfKB BLI6opcm, li lllpe)J,JIOiRHJIO upHCTYflHTh K ,cocTaB.TieHHIO CilHCKOB lI'OOH
paTeJieii 71•
3Toii «yeTyUKOH� rrpaBHTBJibCTBO rrpe,u;ynpeAH.110 HBOqHOe npoBeµ;eHHe
BhIOOJ)OB caMHM naceJieHHBM IlapwJKa IIO)J; ,pyROBO,II;C'I'B01I peBO.;JIOIJ,IIOHHbIX op
raHHaa:o;nii.
IlpaBLie :npyrn Ilapnma ôoH.rrnch hOM•MYHhl. PaamH
IlapBZcKa.a ne11aT1, raH CTpaxn o6hlBare.rreii, MOHapxHCThl H300pamaJIH
o xapairrepe
KoMMYHY :o;apcrBoM reppopa. JleBhle, nm�aJia op;Ha
6-m�ei KoJOIYBLI
MOHapXHCI'CKaJI ra-3eTa, XOTHT (<3aMeHHTb :o;eaapH3M
Teppop.B3MOM H HaBH3aTh IIapHmy THpaHIIIO peBOJIIOIJ,HOHROH R'.OMIMYHhl>) 72.
Ho, KaK yme 6hlJIO OTMeqeHO, THiR0CTb BOBHHOro H npo;a;oBOJihCTB8HHOro
IIOJIO)KBHIUI TOJIKaJia ]];Bl\lOKpaTHqec1rne H narpIIOTHqecKHe 3JI0M0HThl M0JIKOH
H ;a;ame cpeAJieii 6ypmya3HH Ha CTOpOHY pa6olIHX. I1MeHHO C JI03yHra HoM
MYHhl H HaqaJIOCb HX CIIJioqe'HIIe BO.Kpyr IIJPOJieTap:aaTa. B oTOM OTHOmeHHH.
noiaaaTe:IhHa noa«n;na << Le Reip,pel», BhlCTyrruBmeii 3a "'IYHHIJ;HIIaJibHhle Bhl�
6ophl.
3-ra ra3eTa CIJ::e:Ta.rra, lJ:TO hOMMyHa 6yp;eT :\IYHHII;HIIaJibHbIM COB0TOM, KOTO
phl:i 8aHM0TCH BOIIpocaM.B o6opOHhI H B KOTOpOM npaBIITeJihCTBO (<JI,OJiiEHO BII
JI.0TL He correpH:mm, a orropy>>. hO:MMyHa orpap;rrT npaBHT0.;lbCTBO OT H0AOBOJII,
CTBa CJieBa. C ee C03JI,aHHe:�I Harra,n;RH Ha rrpamneJibCTBO CTaHyT H8B03MOiRHhI,
H6o ycTaHOBHTCH 0,mIHCTBO Bcex rpyrrIIHpOBOR pecny6JIHKaHCK0H napTHH. IIon
HOTa BJiaCTH JI,OJim:Ha OCTaTbCH B pyKax rrpamITeJibCTBa, a ]];JIH :noro npaB:e:
TeJibCTBO )J;OJimHO B03r,JiaBHTb ,D;BHiRe'HI:10 3a HO:\HIYHY, IIO)];"t!HHTIB ce6e 31'0 �:e:
meHHe. «BLI 6onTeCh Bhl6opaoro coBeTa,- 06paIII;aJiac1, <<Le Rappel» K rrpa
B1ITeJ11,cTBY,- IIOTOMy qTo OH MOiE0T 3aXBaTHTb BJJaCTb? Xopomo, rrpeJI,O
CTaBhTe eMy 3TY BJiaCTI,, caMH YlfaCTBYH B neii».
C aro:ë: I\eJibIO raaeTa npeJI,.naraJia rrpoBOCTII Bo16opb1 B l'to�1MyHy no e.I{ll]HOMY
CIIHCRy. IlepBhlMH B HeM JI,OJiiRHhI 6hlJIH CTOHTb IIMeHa lIJieHOB npaBJIT0JlhCTBa.
3a HHMH IIOCJieJI,OBaJIH 6hl HMeHa (<IIpe)];CTaBnTe;reiî Hapo)];a, cpOK IIOJIHOMo-qHi
KOTOPLIX e�e He HCTeR>>, JI,erryTaTOB 1848 r.: Jlyn E.'IaHa, B. f10ro, JleJI,pIO1
69
70
71
72
«La
«Le
«Le
«Le
Patrie en danger», 20 septembre 1870.
Rappel», «Le Combab, «Le Réveil>>, 28 septembre 18ï0.
Rappeb, 1 octobre 1870.
Combat», 6 octobre 1870.
175
Pomreaa, <l>. lIHa, 8. I-ù.1:Ha, B. Illenhruepa 73• Pa.n;nKaJihHo-6ypmyaanLie aJie
�reHThl CTpeMHJIHCb, TalHIM o6pa3>0M, 003,D;a'l'I:, RoMMyHY 11'3 JIIO,n;e:ü: 1848 r. 'll
4 ceHTH6pH H C ee IIOMOIIJ;hIO IIpHMHpHTh HapO;IJ;HI:de MaCCI:d C 6ypmya8HI:dM IIpa
BHT8.TJI,CTBOM. BMeCTe C TeM HX nporpaMMa Tpe6oBaJia OT npaBHTeJihCTBa npo
Be,IJ;eHHH naTpHOTlPieCROM H ,IJ;8MORpaTBqec1wii IlOJIIITHKH.
Ilo31n:�HH 1-rn<0HRo6n·HCKOË: ra3eTbI <<Le Réveil» 61,1Jia 6Jra3Ra R 11001UI,IIH
«Le Rappel>>. <<Le Réveil>> no,r:,;tJ:ep1rn:BaJia, tJ:To «RoMMyHa 6y,n;eT ecTeCTBeHHhIM
nocpep;HHKOM Mem;:i;y IlapnmeM II npaBHTeJihCTBOM». Ho B OTJnJq11e OT
<<Le Rappel>> BTa ra3eTa IIepBoe BpeMH IIOMepiK«BaJia 11,n;e10 npoBe,n;eHBH Bhl6opoB B RoMMYHY HB011HhlM IIyreM 74• ,[.(pyra.JI H80HK06HHCKa.JI ra3eTa,
«Le Combat>>, ne ycTaBaJia noBTOpHTh, 11ro npoTHBopeqnii Mem,r:,;y rrpaBIIT0Jih
CTBOM H HoMMYHOH ne cym;ecTByeT, HO qTo OTHOfileHHH MemJzy HHMH 6yJJ;YT
aaBHCeTI:, OT IlOJIRTHKH IllPaBIITeJibCTBa. ECJIH ORO corJiaCHTC.R: Ha C0-8,IJ;aHHe
RoMMYHLI, Mem,ns HB:Mn BOOHHRHeT eJOIHCTBO. EcJIH ner, RoM•Myna 6y�eT oo
s.n;ana HaIIepeRop npaBHT0JII:,CTBY, H, BO3MOiKHO, 38M8HHT ero 75•
B 11ocJie,r:,;n10ro ,[(eRa;:i;y OKTH6pa raaeTa neo,n;noxparno noBropaJia cnoii npH3hlB npaBHTeJihCTBy. <<C BaMH, npOTHB Bac HJIH nanepeKop BaM, IIOAYMRHT0 00
3TOM>>,- rnrnaJia oHa 76• Ilpn ::JTOM B co10ae npaBnre111>cTBa H KoMMYHbI raaera
«Le Combat» BH)leJia rapaHTHIO He TOJILKO npoTHB peaK�H, HO H npor11B...
«aHapxH-B>> ! <<Ünwa,n;hIBaH BhlOOphI B HoMMyny,- rrncaJI <l>. flua,- ...meJiaIO'I'
Ha6emaTb aHapXBH, HO Ha ca:MOM ,n;eJJe Be,IJ;yT K Heii.•. ToJibKO H'OMMYHa MomeT
,n;aTb IIpasn:TeJlbC'l'BY TY CII:ry, HOTOpaH HymHa, 1ITOOI:d IIOROH1111Tb K31( C HHO
CTpaHHhlM HameCTBHeM, T8H Il C rpam,IJ;aHCKOii BOHHOH>) 77•
<<Le Combat>> He orpaHH1IHBaJia ,n;eHTeJILHOCTb HoMMYHLI My1u1n;1111aJinHhIMH
paMHa!MB. RoMMyHa, no )1H0HHIO rasen,1, lf;OJI)KHa BhlIIOJIHJITL H o6�erocy;a;iap
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IIHCaJI, l!TO (<OHa npH30BeT K ce6e, Ha BpeMH BOBHhl, 11pep;cTaBHTeJieii 12 HRH6oJiee RpynHhIX ropo,n;on <l>paIIu;:mI» 78•
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nyraHHhI :a HerrocJieµ;oBaTeJibHhI, B ce me rpe6oBaune KoMMYRbI OO'be.:lll�
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73
74
75
76
77
78
79
176
<<Le Rappel». 26 septembre, 1,5,9 octobre 1870.
<<Le Réveil>>, 2.3, 2ï. 28, 29 �eptembre, 7 octobre 1870.
<<Le Combat>>, 23, 25 septembre 1870.
Ibid., 24 octobre 18ï0.
Ibid., 14 octobre 1870.
Ibid., 8, 21 octobre 18ï0.
<<La Patrie en danger>>, 9 octobre 1870.
6.•rnHRHCT Bpeiie,- aTo Ilapu.m, 3am;mIJ;a10m;1I:ü caM ce6H li 11arOHHIOIQ1I:Ü HeM
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JIIOQIIOHepaMII H co�aJUICTaMH» 81•
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B3.f1JI CBOIO OTCTaBKY o6paTHO) 84•
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cnopoB OHII pemHJIB no,u;,u;epmaTb Tpe6oBaHHe HeM0,IJ;JI8HHbIX Bhl6opoB B HoM
MYHY 85• HHHIµIaTBBY <l>Jiypanca nom:i;epmaJIII H He:Koropble yMepeHHLie 6yp
myaaHLie raaeThI 86• 3aTo p;pyrne aa6HJIH TpeBory no noBo,ri;y <<Koaaeii
JieBhlXt 87.
«La Patrie en danger» 10 octobre 1870.
1. Dau t r y et L. Sc h e 1e r. Le Comité Central Républicain des vingt arron
dissements de Paris. Paris, 1960, p. 62.
82 ccLa Patrie en danger», 10 octobre 1870.
83 Murailles, t. I, p. 222; «L'illustration>> 29 octobre 1870; <<La Guerre, illustrée»,
,
i874, p. 195.
84 G. FI o u r e n s. Op. cit., p. 109.
85 « Le Rappel», 9 octobre 1870.
86 «
La Guerre illustrée», p. 177-178.
87 <<L'illustration», 8 octobre 1870, p. 278.
80
81
12 IIapnmcHafl HOMMYHa, T. I
177
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OTRJIOH0Hhl.
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8 OKTH pH
92
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iKyipHaJI <<La Guerre illustrée>>, aeaa;a;o:rro 'lJ.O Toro ,np11BeTCTBOBaBmHii BhlcTy
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88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
178
«Le Combat>>, 5 octobre 1870.
E. Ar a g o. Op. cit., p. 205.
«La Patrie en danger>>, 12, zg octobre 1870.
Procès-verbaux>>, p. 192.
<<Le Siège de Paris>> , � 1.
«Le Moniteur de la guerre>>, 10 octobre 1870.
ll,11T. rro <<La Patrie en danger>>, 24 octobre 1870.
«La Guerre illustrée>>, 15 octobre 1870, p. 186.
«Le Rappel», 10, 11, 13, 14 octobre 1870.
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HOCTI, CHJI peBOJIIOD;IIOHHOro JiarepH.
«La Patrie en danger», Q1 octobre 1870.
«Le Combab, 20 octobre 1870.
99 «La Patrie en danger», 11, 12 octobre 1870.
100 «La Patrie en danger», 12, 16 octobre 1871.
101 Ibid., 12, 16 octobre 1871.
102 Ibid., 11, 12, 13, 14 octobre 1870.
97
98
12*
179
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103
«La Patrie en danger», 16 octobre 1870.
Ibid., 20 octobre 1870.
1o5 3ace�anne feHepaJILHoro coBeTa JinTepHa�HonaJia oT 28 <l>eBpaJIH 1871 r. «Ilep
BLI:Ü: MHTepnan:uonan B MH l1apnmc1<0:ü KoMMym.:n. M., 1941, CTp. 5.
106 J. La m b e r. Le siège de Paris. Journal d'une Parisienne. Paris, 187,3, p. 166.
1o7 F. W e y. Chronique du siège de Paris 1870-1871. Paris, 1871, p. 95.
104
180
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tos J. L amb e r. Op. cit., p. 163.
to9 «La Patrie en danger», 23 octobre 1870.
110 J. L amb e r. Op. cit.. p. 192.
11 t G én. Du c r o t. La défense de Paris, t. 2. Paris, 1876, p. 26
.
112 E. Ma y. La journée de 31 octobre 1870. «L'Humanité», 31 octobre 1913.
181
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G. D a C o s ta. La Commune vécue, t. 3. Paris, 1904, p. 333.
Enquête parlementaire sur les actes du Gouvern ement de la défense nationale
(�a:ree - Actes), t . 1-Vll. Paris, 1872-1876. T. V, p . 186.
115 Actes t. V, p. 442 ; t. VI, p. 444.
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118
Actes, t. V, p. 457-458.
1. Arsac. Mémorial du siège de Paris. Paris, 1871, p. 233-239.
A. Du c qu e t. Gu e rre de 1870-1871. Paris, la Malmaison, le Bo urget et le Trente-et-un Octo b re . Paris, 1893, p. 218; «Le Combat», 2 novembre 1870.
119 G. L e f ra n ça i s. So uveni rs d'un révoluti onnaire . Bruxe lles, 1902, p. 416.
120 1. Arsac. Op. cit., p. 242-243.
121 P rocès-verbaux, p. 261-265.
184
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II
20
Jlyn
122 Actes, t. 1, p. 287-1288; G. L e fr a nça i s. Btude sur le mouvement communa
liste à Paris en 1871. Neuchâtel, 1871, p. 00.
t.23 Actes, t. V, p. 132; «Le Combat», 2 novembre 1870; Journal des Goncourt, ser. 2,
t. 1. 186-1-1870. Paris, 1890, p. 104.
124 A ctes, t. 1, p. 214; A. Du c qu e t. Op. cit., p. 224-225; «L'Humanité», 31 octobre
1913.
125 Actes, t. 1, p. i219.
126 «La Guerre illustrée»,
p. 526.
185
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Actes, t. 1, p. 319.
H. d' A 1 m e r a s. La vie parisienne pendant le siège et sous la Commune. Paris, 1925, p. 316.
130 E. G o nc o u r t. Op. cit., p. 104-105.
131 <<Le Gaulois>>. Réimpression, p. 181.
132 <<La Guerre illustrée>>, 11 janvier 1871 p. ..526.
,
133 << L Combat>>. 2, 3, 5 novembre 1870.
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pOJib.
G. L e Ir a n ç a i s. Etude... p. 97-98 . G. L e fr an ça i s. Souvenirs d'un revo
Jutionnaire, p. 421-429.
135 G. F 1 ou r en s. Op. cit., p. f 40.
136 tLa Patrie en danger», 2 novembre 1870; <<La Guerre illustrée>>, 18 mars, 1871
,
43.
.
p 5 137
«La Guerre illustrée», 8 mars 1871.
132
P. Mont g a i 11 a rd. La nuit du 31 octobre 1870. Paris, 1870, p. 18.
139 G. D a Co s ta. Op. cit. p. 336.
,
1 3-4
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6opb6y.
uo <<La Patrie en danger>>, 4 novembre 1870.
Actes, t. I, P· 217-218.
142 «L'
Humanite>>, 31 octobre 1913.
143 G. Da Costa. Op. cit., p. 340-341; 1. Lamber. Op. cit., p. 218-220
141
188
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«La Patrie en dangen, 9 novembre 1870.
G. Da Co s t a. Op. cit., p. 337.
146 Actes, t. V, p. 318.
147 C. de Wit t. Six mois de guerre, 1870-1871. Paris, 1894, p. 47-48.
148 Actes, t. V, p. 219.
.
149 G. L e f :ra n ça .1 s. S ouvem.rs
... , p. 422.
150 «Le Combat,,
3 novembre 1870.
151 m. Ba JI JI e C. llncypreBT. M., 193'9 CTp. 160.
,
152 Actes, t. VI, p. 445.
153 «La Guerre ilJustrée», 8 mars 1871, p. 518-519; 11 mars 1871, p. 528.
144
145
189
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MHorlle peryJIHpHhie qacT11 n oTpH,n;LI M06llJihHOÜ: rBapwr11 6LIJIB CHHThl
C yRperrJieHllH li )];BHHYThl npOTHB paTymH, qTQ coa,n;aJIO ceph08HYIO yrpoay
aaxBaTa IIapnma HeM:o;aMn. B 12 qacoB H01IH 6peTOHQhl, HaXOJCHBmlleCH B Ka�
aapMax rrponrn paTymn, IIOJIYlJ:HJIH rrp11Kaa BhlCTynHTb. fJiaBHYJO pOJib )];OJI-
«La Patrie en danger>>, 3 novembre f870.
Actes, t. VII, p. 131. ÜTqeT M:mn,epa: «La Patrie en dangen, 3 novembre 1870;
G. Flour e ns. Op. cit., p. 149.
156 G. F 1 ou r e n s. Op. cit., p. 149.
157 Ibid., p. 136.
158 Ducquet. Op. cit., p. 272-273.
154
155
190
iRHhl 6hlJUI CLirpaTI, 6ypmyaaaLie 6aTaJibOHhl aau.110HaJibHOH rBap,n;HH, npH
me,n;IIIHe aa n0Mo�1, Tpomio.
IlepeJIOM B aacTpoeHHH "llaCTH aan,HoaaJibHOH rBap,n;HH, Il03BOJIHBIIIHlf
IWHTppeBOJIIO:qHOHHLIM CHJiaM nepeHTH B aacTynJieHHe, no o6pa3HOMY Bhlpame..
H1uo Jl e<f>pa·aca, HaCTYIIHJI ror,n;a, <<Ror,n;a TeHb BnaHRH nana Ha uone 6om> 159 3To 6:LIJIO pe3yJII,TaTOM CTpaxa nepe,n; con,HaJihHOH peBOJIIOIQieH, Bhl3BaHaoro
B 6oraTLIX paüoaax IlapHma H3BeCTHeM O npHxo,n;e RpaiiHHX peBOJIIOIJ;HOHepoB
R 1BJiaCTll. Bypmya-aHH, ocTa�aBmaHC.H ;a;o aToro 6e3yqa<�THO:Ü: K COOLITHHM,
Tell0l{)b BCUOJIOfilllJiaCb, H Kor,n;a B 8-9 qaC{)B Beqepa Hal!aJIH BHOBb 611Tb
o6m;Hii ooop 'Han,11oaaJibHOH rnap,D;HH, MHorae 6aTaJihOHhI O'TRJIHRIHYJIHCh Ha
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IItpaBHTeJibCTBa, T0Ile()b IIpHXO;ll;HJIH eMy Ha IIOMOID,h. TaR upmrnomJio, aan;pH
Mep, C 116-·M 6aTaJibOHOM 160• <<Han.HOHaJihHaH rnap,vrn:,- OTMeTHJI B'IlO
CJie,D;CTBllll iKIOJib ÜHMOH,-BhlCTYIIH:Ia He 3a Hac. ÜHa IIO}J;H.HJiaCb npoTlrn:
Bna1uœ, $nypaHca, J];eneKJII03a» 16\.•
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lllepa OOH HatiaJIH pacnpocTpa:HHTh B ropo,n;e B033BaHHe, COCTaBJie·H1Hœ 8TheHOM'
Aparo, l{opBaHOM Il illen1:,mepoM. B HeM roBOPIIJIOCh, qTO Ha OCHOBaHIUI pe
meHIIH COBem;aHIIH M3POB Il BBH)zy co6LITHH 9TOtO ,D;H.H, Bhl3BaBIIIHX «cpoqHyIO
aeo6xo,n;HMOCTb B o6pa3oBaHHH MYHHIJ;IIIIaJibHOro COBeTa, BOl{pyr KoToporo MO
ryT o6'be,D;HHHTI,CH BC0 pecny6JIHKaHn;hl>), Ha 1 HOH6p,i aa3HaqaIOTCH MYHHn,H
naJII,HLie BLI6opLI. IIpoBe,n;eHIIe BLI6opoB nopyqaeTCH ORpyîRHhlM MapaM ,..
oxpaua CBo6o,n;LI BLI6opoB - aaIJ;IIoliaJibHO:Ü: rBap,D;HH 162•
BoaaBaHHe BCTpeTHJIO coqyBCTBeHHhlH OTRJIHR y ROJie6aBIDHXCH qacTeÜ Ha-
D;HOHaJibHOH rBap�H H OTBJieKJio IIX OT no,n;,n;epiKRH BOCCTaHHH.
BnyTplI paTYfflH 1IlICJIO BOopymeHHhlX HaD;IIOHaJibHbIX rBap,n;enu;eB pe3RO co-
KpaTBJioc1:,: MHOrHe ynIJHI. Ho ocTaBmHCCH 6hlJilI roTOBhl C opymaeM B py1mx
3am;Hm;aTb HOBYIO BJiaCTb. 3A0Cb npOHCXO,D;HJIO COBetqaane 1IJieHOB HOBOro npa
BHT0JILCTBa, HJIH, KaR OHH ce6H aaa1>rnaJIH, BpeMeHHOH ROMHCCHH. HH O.U.HH na:
yqaCTHJIKOB aToro COBem;aaHH, ony6JIHROBaBDIHX II03,n;Hee oTqeThl O CBOeii ,n;eH
TeJIL'HOCTH B AeHL 31 OKT®PH - BJrnHRH, <l>Jiypaac, Mm11,ep, JJ:eJieRJII03, HH
llero !fi()'l{TH ae roBopHT, 0 qeM IIIJia y HHX peqh B am IJ)emaIOID,lI0 M'HHYTbI. <<Ha-
,n;o 6L1JI0,- CKYIIO coo6m;aJI M:aJI1:,ep,- npR'HHTh ipemeHHe no noBo,n;y noJin:Tnqe
cxoii eHTyan;HH» 163• E�ac'.r:Ba ne 61>1JI0. <<MeHiee, 11eM «or]J.a-JIH6o,- TI'HCaJI JJ:a
RocTa,- PYKOBOAUTCJIH ABHmeanH 6hlJIH corJiacHLI Mem;::r;y co6oii B Bonpoce 06:
ocy iqecTBJI0HHB cBoeii nporpaMMhl>> 164•
)I;eJieKJII03 ,D;0JI0iRHJI, 1IT0 .I(opHaH, C ROTOphIM OH IIMeJI pa3rOBOp, rapaHTH
pyeT 11poBe}J;eHHe Bhl6opoB B RoMMYHY 1 HOH6ps: 1I BhI6opoB npaBHT0JibCTBa
2 HOH6pH. IlyuKT O Bhl6opax npaBHTeJibCTBa 6LIJI ycTyIIROÜ CO CTOpOHhI JJ:o1PH8Ha H 3TMma Aparo. 8Ta y.cTynRa uoRa3hIBaeT, qTo M'HHHCTp n Map IIa-
pnma, C o�oii cropoHbI, li lJJI€HhI HOBOro npaB1IT€JlbCTBa - C ;::r;pyroii ..
oo ù1IHTaJin eiqe AeJio BOCCTaHHH nponnpaHHbJiM. ÜHaqaJia TOJihRO J];enerunoa H
MHJibep 6hlJI11 3a corJiameHIIe, npe,r:i;Jiomenaoe )];opHa•HoM. M:m11,ep c1I11TaJI, qTo,
«u;eJIL 6opL6Id ,D;OCTHrHyTa» 11 1ITO BOCCTaBmHe IlOJIYlilIJIH 6oJihIIle, 1IeM OîRH
,n;aJilI, TaK RaK oHH «npocHJIH MYHHD,HnaJibHhlii coBeT, a HM ,n;aJIH RoMMYHY>> 165•
BsrJIH,D;LI .[(eneKJII03a n M11J11:,epa 6hIJIH H3JiomeHhI n npoeRTe ,n;e«Jiapau;nII ,.
:rnpe,n;JIOilŒ'HHOH L(eJieRJII030M COB0ID,8HHIO. 8 npoe:nTe rOBOplIJIOCh: « ...Hnmeuo,n;159
160
161
162
163
164
165
G . Le français. Etude..., p. 100.
G. Le français. Souven i s
r ..., p. 416, 423.
J. S imo n. Le Gouvernement de la défense nationale. Paris, 1874, p. 180 .
«Le Combat», 6 novemb r e 1870.
Actes, t. VH, p. 131.
G . D a C os ta. Op. cit., p. 338.
Actes, t. VII, p. 132.
19t
nncaBWIIOOH••. 'B llHTetpe,cax OTe1IeCTBa, HaXO�Hm;erocH B onacHOCTII, H ilŒJla.H
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BJiaHRH npeA.TJOIBH.1:1 61,mo CBO:Ü rrpoe:KT pe30JIIOD;HH, 3ByqaBmHii: 3HR'!II
T0Jih'HO ·OOiepnPIHCe. IlpoeKT E:rnHKH yna3bIBaJI, qTo RMeHHO Bp0M8'HHaH
Ro:MHCC'HH npone.ri;er BhI'OOpbI B hOMMYHY H ue,pe.n;acT ei 3aTeM CBOH 'IIOJI
HOM01IHH. Ho npoeRT BJiaHKH He Harne:i IIOMepmKH, H a-BTOp ero corJia
CHJICH C npoeKTOM ,ll;eJH�KJII03a. 8roT npoeKT H 61,1.rr C He3naqHTeJib'HhIMH
IIOrIIpanKaMH '1}1pHHHT conem;aHIŒ�f 167•
Iloc:re 3TOfO "tJJI0HhI HOBoro npaBHT0JlhCTBa OTnpa
C�a11a BJiacTu
BIIJIIICb K jlopnaHy Il 3aKJIIOqHJIH C HHM cornamepeBOJIIOI\BOHepaMH
HHe, COCTom.n;ee na Tpex nyHRTOB:
1. BM6op1,1 HoMMYHhl npo1rno:ü,n;yT 1 HOH6pa.
2. Bhl60phl 'lJieHOB npamITe.;IbCTBa COCTOHTCH 2 HOH6pH.
3. 06a rrpaBHT8.1hCTBa, Haxo,n;Hm;HeCH B paTyme, 6y,n;yT MHpHO pacny�eHhl.
H1UiaRHX penpeccn:ii il npec.rrep;onanH:Ü: aa ,n;e:ÜCTBHH, COBepmennhle 31 OKTH6pH,
He 6y,n;eT 168•
8To corJiarnenne 6hIJIO npe,n;.'IOmeno qnenaM npaBHTeJILCTBa, co,u;epmau
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li'HKIDH:Ü B :no 11:peMH 'B paryrny BO f.'IaBe rrpaBHTeJibCTB0.B'HhlX BoopymeHHblX
CHJI. IlœJie 31 ORTHQPH npaBIIT0.1IhCTBO 6ypmya3HH napym:eJIO 3TO corname
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meHHH C BOCCT3BlliHMll. Ho TO, lJTO BTO corJiameHHe 6h1Jlo npHHHTO 'IJI0HaMH
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B1peMH cy.n;a Hap, 6:.raH:nncraMH ,ll;opHaHoM, fa:pH1>e-IlamecoM, CHMOHOM, rene
paJioM TaMH3be 169• <l>eppH B TIIICbMe, noc.rraHHOM H'M 2 HOHQJ)H B peAa�HIO
<<Journal officiel», TaKme KOCBe'HHO BTO ,npH3RaJI .
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poro HOlJH B paTymy rrpOHHRJIH OTPHAhl 6peTOHD,0B. Mnor:e:e HCTOpHKII noa,n;uee
YTBepm,n;aJiu, 'ITO BOCCTaBrnne noc.rre 3T0f0 Olm3aJIHCI:, B pyKax peaRo;U:OHHhlX
CHJI Il qTo 38KJIIOlJ0nHe corJiameHHH 6n1no aKTOM MHJiocep,n;HH CO CTOpOHld npa
BHT0JibCTBa 170• MHJibep H <l>Jiypanc CO CBOe:ë: CTOpOHhl IlHCaJI:e: BilOCJI0AC-TBllH,
qro BOCCTaBmHe IIOIIIJIH Ha cor.:1ameHHe, TaN RaK HX nonomenHe 6blJIO 6e3Bbl
xo,n;nhlM 171•
C.JJe,n;yeT, o,n;HaKo, yqecT1>, qTo <l>nypanc n: MHJILep IIblTan11c1, BTHM yTBepm
AeHneM onpaB,n;aTbCH nepe;r:i; Tpy,n;am;HMHCH Ilapuma B cBoei H3JIHIDHeii ,n;oBep1IHBOCTH no OTHOIIIeHHIO K 'lJieHa-M npaBHTeJibCTBa. B OTJIH'!He OT HHX PH;rJ;OBhle
H3D,HOHaJihHhl0 rBapp;eiî:u;hl, HaXOAHBIIIH0CH B paTyme, ne )J;OBepHH o6era;aHlU:ll\'J.
<l>aBpa H <l>eippn, ):\OJII'O OT.Ra3hIBaJIHCh BbIIlOJinHTh pacnopameHirn <Dnypauca,
J:{eJieRJII03a, MnJibepa 06 OCB06om,n;enn:11 apecTOBaBHhlX 1IJieHOB npaBHTeJILCTBa.
BJJaHKH Tpe6oBaJI OCTaBHTh HX 33JIOiHHIIKaMH H HacranBaJI Ha TOM, 'IT06hl
<l>aBp B IlHCbM0HHOH q>OpMe IIO,!J;TBep,n;H.'!J YCJIOBHH aaKJIIOqeHHOro nepeMHpHH;
o;r:i;HaKo TOT 3aHBHJI, 'ITO OTKa3blBa8TCH 3TO .n;eJiaTb, IlORa naxo�TCH B IlJI0HY 172•
McT11na aaK.T(IOqaeTC.f.l B TOM, qTo C nponHIŒOB0HH0M 6peTOH:ll;0B li OTpHJJ;OB
<l>eppn B paTymy, TaM MOr.rro B .'!JI06oii MOMenT naqaThCH RpOBOilpOJIBTHe, HCXO.rt
KOTOporo 6:w:JI 6hl AaJI0KO He Hcen. IloJIOiK0HH0 B Jiarepe llOBCTaH�eB OTHIO.l\h
ne 6hIJIO 6eaHa,n;emHhIM, a y o<f>nn;epoB npaBHT0JibCTBeHHOro Jiarep.a OTnIOni,
«L'Humanité», 1 fevrier 1913.
«La Patrie en danger►>, 4 novembre 1870.
Ibid.; «L'Humanité», 1 novembre 1913.
«La Guerre illustrée», 15 mars 1871.
17° CM., nanpm-rnp, M. Domma n g e t. Blanqui, la guerre de 1870-1871 et la
Commune. Paris, 1947, p. 80.
171 G. F 1 o u r e n s. Op. cit., p. 151-152; Actes, t. VII, p. 132.
172 «La Patrie en danger», 7 n:lvembre 1870; Actes, t. V, p. 458.
166
167
168
169
192
He 6hIJIO yBepeHHOCTK B lllPeAaHHOCTH 'laCTe-ii, KOTO:phUfH OHM IW�taHAOBaJIH 173•
<l>eppH, no ero COOCTBeHHOMY npH3HaHHIO, 60H:.ICH OTRPhlTh orOH:b no BOCCTaB
IDHM 174 • Ou CTpaDDIJJCH Be OTpH)];OB BOCCTaBIDHX, Baxo;a;irnmHXCH B paTyme,
a MHOroqHCJJeBHLIX 6aTaJJbOHOB npe;a;MeCTJliÎ, nOTOPhie paaom.JIHCb no ,lJ;OMaM,
BO MOrJJH B JJI06oi MOMeBT BepHyThCH.
BOT noqeMy neperOBOphl npo;a;oJDIŒ.JIHCb. Peqb mJia He O RanHTYJIHIJ;HH
BOCCTaBDIHX, a O 3aKJII01I0HHH corJiameHHH. 06e CTOpOHbl no pa3HhlM MOTHBa:M
He XOTeJlll rpamAaHCKOH BO:ÜHhl. ÜHH B KOHn;e ROHIJ;OB COIDJIHCh Ha IIPHBe,n;eH
HhIX Bhlme Tpex IIyHKTax� H B 4 qaca H01IH BCe BMeC Te MHpHO nOKHHYJIH pa
Tymy. BJiaHKH, <l>nypanc II TaMH3Le BLimJIH, .n;epma ;a;pyr p;pyra no .ii; PYRY,
qepea rJiaBHyIO JieCTHIIIzy. 3TOT COBMeCTHhlH BhIXO;r:J; lI3 parymH ObIJI aapaHee
npep;ycMOTpeH KaR 3HaK npHMHpeHHH 175 .
M.aorae peBOJIIOIJ;HOHephl 3Tll'M paRHH'M yrpoM 1 HoHopH 1870 r. 6hlJIH yBe
p·eHhl B TOM, qTo o,n;ep>RaJIH no6e.ri;y. <<Mhl 6bI,1H rop;u;hl ll CtJaCTJillBhl.- nHCaJI
3.1.n, Maii,- qTo 6ea rpam;,;aHcRo:ü noiiHhI, 6e3 npo.TIHTHH <ppaHn;yacKoiî KpoBH
eyMeJilI ,I\OOHTbCH BhIÔOpoB B HoMMyny !>> 176 B ;:r.eiicTBJneJibHOCrH napo;::i;nhle
MaOCbl 6hIJill o6MaHyThl. 'Yme Ha CJie;a;y10:m;11ÏI ;::i;eHb npaBHT0:JhCTBO OTRaaa.TJOCI:.
oT npoBe�eHHH BLIDopoB B RoMMYHY II TeM 6oJiee Ol'" npoBe,n;enHH HOBhlX BhIOO
po:e llJieHOB npaBHTeJThCTRa. Hal:faR.HCh upecJie;a;oBaHIHI y1IaCTHHROB BOCCTaHB.JI.
31 OKTH6p.s:r 1870 r. peBO:IIOII;HOHHhlH Jiarepb TiapHma
BTOl'II BOCCT8BBJI
IlhITaJICH aaxBaTHTb B:IaCTb. 8To ne 6hrnO aBaHTIOpoii.
ffiIOJIL <DeippH, o�HH Ha Haaoo.aee yMHhIX 11:rnnoB rrpaBIITû.J:hCTBa 4 ceHTHOPH,
npR3HaJI, tITO BOCCTaHHe MOrJio o;i;epaŒTh no6e,:::i;y, <<ec:in 6bl :IIO;J;ll 31 OnTHOp.a
IIM0JIH 1aapauee eorJiaCOBaHHl>IÎi n:iaH, eC:.I.H 6hl OHH ,:::i;en-cTBOBaJIII COOTB8TCTBeH
HO 9TOyY mnmy••• ecJIH Ohl OHH BhIDOJI.HH.ITII CBOR yrpo3hl H aac-rpe.JIHJlll Hac•••
IlapHm iIIpocHyJicH 61,1 Ha CJie�yiom;ee yTJ)o uo,:::i; BJJaCThIO HoMMyHhl>> 177•
3To noxaaaHHe Bpara nOJllHOCTbIO no)];TBepiRP;aeT aa:Me-qaaHe MapRca O 'l'OM,
qTo t)J;BH'1<0HHe 31 OKTHOPH ne IIpRBeJIO K ycTaHOBJieHHIO ROMMYHhl TOJihKO
HOTOMY, 1lTO BnaHKH, <l>JiypaHc JI ]JJpy,nrn ·ror;::i;amHRe BOiR)J;Il ;J;BHiR0HllH noBe
pHJIH gens de ·paroles .•• 178 ,Il;BHiRe'HHe 31 ORTH6p H 3aROH1IHJIOCb Hey.ri:a11eiî no
TOMY, 1ITO ero BOiR)];R cna-c.JIR >RH3Hb 3T.ll.X :no�C'ÏI, iRaa:�aBmHX y6JI·Tb CBOHX
cnacRTeJieib 179•
BoccTaHoHe 31 ORTH6p» OhIJio ·peay:i.hTaTOM Bcero 1rnyTpeHaero paaBHTIUI B
o6oc·TJ)eHHH RJiaccoBOH 6opWhI 3a nepBhle mecr1, 'He,n;e.11, oca,n;hl. HaRaHYHe
31 OKTHOp.H OT Ilpa,BRTeJibCTBa OTBepnyJIHCb ne TO,'IhIW ·Tpy,n;»m;11ecH H MeJIKaH
6ypmya3IDI, 'HO H OCHOBHble .CJIOH 6ypmya3HII. Ilpamue:11,cTBO 6IJJIO H30JIH
poBaHo. EcJI:e: �Ta B03MŒRHOCTI, ne CTaJia ;a;eÜCTBHTeJihHOCThIO II BOCCTaHRe
31 OKTH6pn 'IHYrepneJIO nopameHHe, TO BHHOÏI 31'0�:IY 6hIJia c:m6ocTI, ipeBOJIIO
D;IIOHHOrO. Jiar�H, ero pa3ip03H8'HHOCTh, ero pa3HOrJiaCIIH Il om116.R•Jil. BoccTaB
mne �epmaJmcb no cyIQecrBy o6opoHHTeJihHOIÏ Ta:E..TIŒII. Mx cROBblBaJia 6o
fl3Hb rpamM,ncxoii BOHHhI nepe,r:,; JIHIJ;OM Bpara. <<Pecny6JUIRaHU.aMH BJia.,rr.eJia
HaBH3qBBaJI MhI.eJJb O TOM, "IJTO Ha,rt;o ::r106oii u.enoii lf36emaTh RpOBOUpOJill
TlI.H»,-- nHCaJia raaeTa 6Jrn'HKHCTOB 180.
B Rom::i;e OKTH6pH 1870 r. 6oph6a aa l"lOM.MSHY Be:iach He roJihRO B IlapHme,
HO H B HeKOTOpIJx �pyrnx KpynHhIX ropo;a;ax {!)paH�HlI. Ilo6e;a;a BOCCTaHHJI
B CTOJIHIJ;e IMOrJia IIpHBeCTH K ycTaHOBJieHHIO peBOJIIO�HOHHOii BJiaC.Tll BO BCe:Ü:
cTpane. Boima npoT1:1B Il·pyecun npnoôipe:rn Ohl 'B BTOM cJiyqae no,n;JinHBo
173 .Actes, t. V, p. 410, 4�4.
174 Ibid., p. f38.
175 <<La Patrie en danger», 7 novembre 1870.
,15 «I...'Humanité)>, 1 novembre 1913.
177
Actes, t. V, p. 197.
m «JIIOJJ;.flM nyCTLIX CJIOBl).
179 K. Ma pK c. IIepBhI:îi Haopocon <<fpam�ancKoii BOÎfHl>I no Cl>paHil,HB>>. K. M a pK c
11 et>. 3 H r e JI 1, c. Co11., T. 17, cTp. 540.
1�0 <<La Patrie en danger>>, 7 noyc-mbre 1870.
13 I1ap1rn,c1rnR RoMMYHa, T, I
193
peBOJIIOu;H-oHHo:ii xapaRTep. Otta rrpeBpan1:iacb 6hI, IiaJ{ nHca.11 Ma1pKc, <ΠBOH
HY pecny6mnmHCKO.ÏI ©1panu;n11, IIO;J;HI1MaIOm;eii 3'Ha:.\IH cou;:e:aJibHOH peBOJIIOI.J;llB
XIX BeKa, rrpoT11n Ilpyc,cHu, aroro 3Ha:.\rnnoc:u;a 3aBoeBan11ii H KOHTppeBOJIIO
�,HH>> 181 .
BamHeMIIUD'l nToro11 aroÏI 6opb6br Dhrno Haqa.rro cn.11oqeHnH BoKpyr rrpoJie
Tap1rnra rrarpHOTI'PieCKIIX II }];8:.\1:0KpaTI-PieCIŒ.X a.TJeMBHTOB 6ypmya311H.
R.'o BpeM0HII BOCCTffHlIH 3-1 OKTH6pH pa6olfllli KJiacc <l>pa·nu;.an He H3IBBJI
ero;e MIIOI'MX CBOHX J1.'I.7.II03HÏI II He • :.\fOr crarh IIO,IJ;:.IHHHO PYKOBo,rvun;e:ü CHJIO:Ü
nau;r-nr. Hey.n;a1:1:a BOCCTaHIIH 31 OnTHQpH IIOMOrJia 8:.\IY H3.lliHTI:. BTII lVI.'II03BH.
n craJrn Bexoft Ha nyTir K R.'o�nryHe.
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Y TPO:\f 1 HO HOpH B neKoTophIX oKpyrax Ilap«a-rn 11pa
cryrrHJIH :R ITO,Z:\TOTOBKe BbF6opoB B :H'.-illfMyny. BLI6o
npaeuTeJibCTBa.
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ro npe,u;JIOiIŒ.JI M3paM IlOBpeMeHHTh C fOJIOCOBaHIŒM 183• C1wpo IIOHBHJICH qmp
KYJIHlP cDaBpa, a rroroM rr rrpaB11TeJihCTBeHHhlii �e1qpeT. RoMMYHaJILBhle BLIOOPI:alt
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B q,e.rBepThID'. 1pa3 noc:ie 4 ceHTHÔp1.1 T0tpaœcrB0'HHO o6e�aJio Ila.pIImy Bhloop
HbIÜ MYI IBD;HIIa;nITeT II B -i:reTBepThIÜ pa3 BE'lpOJIOMHO OTKa3aJIOCh OT -C-Boero
�aHHH 184.
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3aOblJI•H CBOH pa3HOr:IaCMH. OnpaBII.BIDHCh OT 11erryra, IICilhlTa'HJIOro HMH B ,IJ;eBh
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B0,J;eHI-Ill IIJI00HCII;UTa,
npn:H.H.îll ,pemenne 00 apecTB yqaCTHJil-WB BOCeTaHHH.
8To 6.hIJIO HOBOe Bepo:IO'.MCTBO, raK I-..aK 31 OKT1.16p1.1 H01Ihl0 rrpaBHTeJibCTBO o6.a:8aJIOCh He npOBO,IJ;llTb perrpeccnii:. ,[(e:rn He o6om.. 1IOCbôea 6opbÔhI BHYTPH rrpa
BHT8JihC'TBa. HeKOTOpbie ero -i:r:ieHhl naqaJIH OhIJIO ·npoTeCTOB3Th IIPO'r-JIB TIOilhl
TOK <<o6pa30BaTb IIipaBHTeJibCTBO BHyrpn rrpaBJITeJihCTBa» H .n;ame yrpomaJIH
OTCTaBKOH, HO yme 2 HO.HÔpn cor.îaCJI.ITilCb II -c apecT�Ill li C OT1Œ30M OT KOM
MyHaJibHhIX Bhr6opoB.
Bce 1:IJI8HhI rrpaBiue;u,crna - u ornphnhle peaKQHOHepLI Bpo.n;e Tpomro 11
IlnKapa, II Te, KTO rn;ero.îH.ï 1pccuyÔ.'IHKaHH3MOM, KaK 8MManya.;i1> Apa-ro HJIH
iKIOJih CirMOH,- O�HHaROBO XOT8JIH HCIIQ.J.[h30Ba·Th oqeBH,rJ;HYIO rro6e� na.n; BOC
CTaBillRMll, qTo6bI IIORORl:!IlTh C ,:i;eMoRpa THqecKIB{ .ZJ;BHi-ReHHe:M. ,[(ame )];opnaH,
llO.ZJ;IIHCb IWToporo CTOHJia no� �eRpüTOM O BhI6opax B RoMMyHy, MOJI"tJaJIHB-0
IljJHFMllpH.. 'ICHC OTKa30M OT HHX. J,fa BCero COCTaBa rrpaBHTeJibCTBa IJIO)J;aJI B OT
CTaBKY O,J;HH Pomcpop. Ho OH-TO KaK pa3 6.hl.;i ·CTOpOHHHKOM ei:u;e ·6onee .ilŒCTO
Rlf.X perrpeCCHH rrpor11B peBOJIIOQHO'HepoB, �Hnf Te, aa KOTOphle IlOlliJIH Tpom.IO
H <l>aBp 185. Pormpop :IIIIUb B .ri;eMaroruqecRHX n;M.ax •IIYOJIIIqno OO'.h.HCHHJI CBOIO
orcTaBKY Heconracne:u c onrnnoii �1yH11n;nna.J:hHhIX Bh16opoB 186 • HpoMe Toro,
ae meJiaH «napymnrh ,::i;aHHOe IDI qecTHOe C.,'IOBO», CJIOllillJI C
- ce6.a 3BaH:ae rJiaB
HOKOMan.n;yror:n;ero HaIJ;HOH3::CbHOH rBap,n;HH renepan TaMH8be. ÛTKa3aJICH OT
CBOero IIOCTa ll 111jpecpeKT IIOJIHD;IlII A,::i;aH. Ilep-Bblii 6hlJI 3aM8'HeH naJia1IOM HIOHb
C:1.KOro BOCCTaHHH 1848 r. n.'Ie:.\raHo::-.1 ToMa, a BTopoft - .mphlM peaKn;:a:oaepOM,
cropOHHJiIKOM 6enoro Tep1popa .h'.peccOHOM. Ilo):(aJIH B OTCTaBRY TaKme HeKOTO
phle ,u;-pyr11e 1IHHOBHIIKU H c:iyr1rnr:n;He anrrapaTa ropO)J;CKOH H oKpymHhlX l-.rnp:e:ii.
BepoJJOMCTBO
oo�·
181 K. M a p N c. TiepBblli Ha6pocoK <<fpam;:i;aHCRO.Ü
11 <I>. 8 H r e JI 1, c. Co1I., r. 17, CTp. 541.
182 Murailles, t. I, p. 312, 314.
183 Ibid., p. 312.
184 <(Le Rappel», 4 novembre 1870.
185 Ibid., p. 268
186 «Le Rappel», 3 novembre 18ï0.
194
BOHHl,l BO <l>pann;uut.
K. M a p K C
B
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paHHhIX p;eJI H <f>1:1Ha'HCOB. Tpomro OCTaBaJICH r.'IaBoii l]paBHTe:IhCTBa II BOeH
HblM ry6epHaTopoM Ilapnma. 3acep;aHIIH rrpaBHTe:IbCTBa 6hIJ.III rre,peHe-CeHhl II3
pa rymH B pe3H,r,;em:çaro T1pomro, B JlYBP, r�e rrpaBHTe.ïhCTBo ClJHTaJio ce6H B
00;111,me:ë: 6e30IIaCHOCTH.
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CIIJIOTD.JIH-Cb renepb CHJI:bl RpaÜ'Hen ·pea1-a:i;nu, nanyraHHbie H8.,pü;r:nihlM JJ;Bnllie..;
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HHM. «Hama u;eJIL - jl;aTh BaM Clf.lIY CORIPYIDHTb BOCCTaHne>> ,- IIHCaJI re -
tteipaJiy T,pomro r,pyrrrra oqnu:i;eipoB-apHCT<JKparoB 187• Crpax nepe,r,; rrpHxop;oM
R BJiaCTH EJiaHKH H cI>JJy,paHca TOJIRa.JI Ha CTOpDHY npaBJITeJILCTBà II ÔCHOBHYIO
Maœy c1peAH€H 6ypmya-311H, qacTHlIHO p;ame Te Kpynr, Roro,phle OhlJIII ne�
,n;oBO..'lhHhl ero ltOHC0pBaTHBHOH '}l Ra'IIllryJUIHT,CIWH IIOJIHTHIW:H.
3ro CRa3aJIOCh Ha pe3yJILTaTax n�e6ncn;HTa 3 HOH6pH. ÜH IIpOlICXOAHJI B
o6cTaHOBRe no,r,;H1:1MaIOm;eii:cH BOJIHl,J pea:nn;mI H ·pacrepHHHOCTH JI8BhlX CHJI
IIOCJie 'Il0fü}C0HHOro HMH rropameH.HH. HaKaHyne II.'Ie6ncu;rna npaBJITeJihCTBO
OIIYi6JIHROBaJIO Bhl'Mhlill,;J8HHhle coo6n:i;emrH O :npyIIHOÜ no6ep;e q>pann;y3CRHX
apMHH B npoB1:1Ho;H1:1, a TaKme o ro�r, qro Il;p yc.cmr roToBa npe;:i;ocTaBHTh Ilapn: ...
my Il01I0THhle YCJIOBIUI )[Hpa 188. BLI.;rn n:nrnHeHa q>op1:1yJHipüBl-Œ 'IIOCTaBJI0H
HOro na roJIOCOBaH:e:e BOillpoCa. IlepBOHat:IaJihHO npe,r:i;rro.rraraJIOCh, lfTO yrqacT-
IIHR'II IL,,'1001:ICIT;HTa OTB0THT «JJ;a>> fü1H <<HeT» Ha BOIIpOC <<O TOM , });OJiilülbl :rli
B CKOpOM 6yµ;ym;eM COCTOHTbCH Bbl6üpbl iryHHl�HIIaJIHTera II rrpaBHT8JlhCT'Ba>> 189•
Ho 3aTe.M BOIIpoc 6hl:I IIOC'l'aBJI0H Tan: <<IlO;:J;TBepmp:aeT :.u1 •aaceJieHHe IIOJI'HO➔
M01IHH npaBJ:ITeJihCTBa?» 190• PacqeT füil:i ua TO, 1:fTO 1rn6rrpaT8JIH OTB8THT «JJ;a>).
li3 60H3HH , 'IJTO OTpHo;aTeJihHbIH OTBeT 6y,;:i;er HCl'O.:IKOBaH Ra·n or,pm::i;anne pec�
rryi6JI,IfKII, •RaK meJiaHJ:le BepnyTLCH R pemH�IY BTopon FL\:IIIepHH.
Q enTpaJII,HhlH KOMD.TeT 20 OKpyroB BbICTYIIII.;l C B033BaHII8�I, B KOTO!I)OM
pa3'hHCHHJI, 'llTO OTBeTIITh 3 HOH6pn «HeT», 3Hal!IIT fOJIOCOBaTh 3a (<IIoqeTHhlH
Mnip, 3a RoMMYHY , rrpo'fHB 1rnu11ry.ia:u;iu1 u pactJ:rnHeHHH cI>pam�n:n>> 191 • Bce
me IlOCTaBJieHHhlH rrpann:reJibCTBO)I Bürrpoc J;C'30prreHTII,pOBaJI MHorn:x.
B 110,i]J\epmKy rrpaBIIT8JlbCTBa BI.ICTYIIIVIII ûO crre11;HaJihHhlMH npORJia'MaIJ;HH
)UI oRpymHhie lŒphl II OT)J;8.1IhHbie rpynIThl haIIHTaJIIICTOB, IlOlJTII BCH rrapnm-.
cKan npecea. ToJihKO ra3en,1 <<Le Patrie en danger►> , <<Le Combat», <<Le Ré.;.
veih, «La Tribune>> rrp:a31,rnam,r oTBeTHTh <<HeT», 23 ra3eThI coBeTOBaJIH orBe�
THTh <<.IJ;a ►>. ro.rroconaHHe 6bIJIO opraHII30BaHO cor.1:aCHO T[)a)];IITI;HHM Ha·IIOJI00HOB-CKHX IIJieÔHC:o;IITOB. ÜTMe1IeHo M'HOfO c:i:yqaeB HCRaIBeHBH TITOrOB roJioco-
BaHHH 1:1 ,r,;anJieHHH na llOOHp aTe.,11eii. B IlOIIHC:KHX tiaCTHX li OTpH]:(aX MOOHJih...
HOH J'B3tp,r,;1:1n C·IlJIOillb H pHJ::t;OM 1rn6npaTe.1u rro.ïytiam1 6ro:r.:H.'TeHH C O,I:t;HHM JlHillb
yrnepµ;1:1TeJihHblM OTBeroM.
IlpH Ta•KHX OOCTOHT0JlbCTBax pe3y.11,TaThI rO:IOCOBaHHH He Mor:m, KOHeqHo,
IlOJIHOCTbIO OTpa3HTh BO.'IIO HaCeJieHHH. 0;:i;Ha II3 6ypmya3HhlX ra3eT, KOMM0H
TH:PYH '3TH pe3yJILTa Thl, He 6ea OCHOBallIIH 3a;\IeTIIJia , l!TO rrooeµ;a rrpaBHT0Jlh -'
CTBa -13TO <<ycrrex, ROTOpbIÏI BCer,::i;a IlO.,ïy tJaJOT Tf' , y ROfO B p y:r-mx BJiaCTb>) 192•
Ho BnemHe :na no6eJJ;a BhlrJin;:i;e:rn BHym.nre.1hHOH. B IIO.:Ih3Y npaBHTeJihCTBa
BhlC'na3aJIHCI, UOlITH 560 TblC. H36HpaTeJieiî, IIpOTTIB - 63 ThIC. TaR n;paBHT0Jih...
CTBO IIO�YllHJIO «q:>HKT-HBHYIO caHKIJ;HIO nocpe )];CTBO:\[ rr:rn6HCU:RTa "lJHCTO 6oHa
napTUCTCRoro o6ipa'3n,a ... >> 193.
187
188
139
190
191
192
193
Actes, t. I, p. 397.
«Le Rappel», 4 .novembre 1870.
Ibid., 3 novembre 1870.
Ibid., 4 novembre 1870.
«La Patrie en danger», 4 novembre 1870.
<<La Guerre illustrée>>, 9 novembre 1870, p. 241.
K. Ma pK c. IIepnLI.ë: Ha6pocoK «fpam,ri;aHcKoii no:ÜHhl no <DpaH�n:n>>. K Ma pK c
n <D. 8 H r e 11 h C. Co'!., T. 17, CTp. 541.
13*
195
Tbep nepeceR JIHHHIO <f>poHTa 31 oRr»6p.a JJ,HeM, 1rnr;a;a
soccTaH1rn B IlapHiRe TOJihR0 Haq:e:HaJioch. Ileper0Bo
p1,1 c Enr,MapR011 naqaJIHCh na cJieJJ,yIO�Hii ,n;eHh H
�o�oJima.1Hch µ;o 6 110.rr6p». Petih B OCHDB-H0M m�a o Bhl6opax B Han;HoHaJih
Hoe oo6paHHe H ,o cna6menHH Ilapnam Bo BpeMH nepe:\t-npHH.
BncMap·:n HCKycHo IIrpa;r na crpaxe T1>epa rrepe� cppan�3c1-rn:•Y Hapo;i;OIM.
ÜH rryraJI ero B03�IOffiH0CTLIO HOBI:.IX Hapo�HhlX BhICTyrr.1IeHHH H rp03HJI, qro
3aJ,JII01IlfT Mnp ,c q:JeH0M R8ROli-JJH6o npem;!);e n;apCTBOBaBme:ü BO <l>paHI::r;n:a
,Il;HHaCTHH, ecJnr rrpaBiHTe.JihCTB0 Tpomro He rroii;n;er Ha ycryn1rn. 194• On He Mor,
0,I(Ha:1'0, CI..pb.ITh, "IITO Hapo;:J;Hhie BbICTYIIJienJHI nyra::m: ero ca�rnro. «RopOJih
ÔOHTCH, 1ITO IliPIDIHpeHIIe ,craner rerrepb IIeB03M0iRHbIM>>,- C TpeBoroii roBOpHJI
OH T1>epy 195• Ho Ror.n;a BLUICHH.'!0cb, cuo Boccramrn rro;:i;aBJieHo, EncMap'R no
TpeooBaJI ,:a;aJihHeiimnx ycryrroR. ÜH corJiama.1cH ;i;orrycTHTh BB03 npo,u;oBOJih
crBHH B OJIORIIposaHHMii IlapHm ."IHillh B c:.1y1Iae rrepe;::t;a'tJH npycc1ntM .BoücKa'M
o;a;aoro H3 yKperrJieHHH CT0JIIID;I:.I. ,[(o6HBaHCb XOTH 61>1 ROCBe'HHOflO corJiaCHH
rrpaBIITeJlbCTBa T1pOIIlIO Ha 0TT0piIŒHlle 0T <llp aHD;IBI 3,,.n,3aca li JloTapuHrHH,
Bmmapn Tpe6oBa.ï, 1IT06bI B 0TJIH"t!He 0T ,n;py:rnx ofürncTeii <l>paHD;HH 0Tll ;J;Be
OOJiacTII nocJia.nn B Co61paHIW He- ;:i;enyTaT0B. a Ha3nRlfeIIHhlX cppaHn;y3cRn-M
,., �
npaBIITeJibCTBOM HüTa01en.
..
Tbep 6hI.IT r0T0B rrpnHHTL JII06hl€ Y�10BIIH'. 3an."II011Hîh �fH·p, He ,l:r;OHqàB
IDHCh C0.3hIBa Hau;IIOHa.TibHOfO co6paHJI.H, HJIH ;::t;0f0B0pHThC.H C BHcMapKOlf 0
Bhl6opax B Hau;HoHaJihHoe co6paHHe, He 3aKJII011HB nepeMHpH.H II He yperyJIH
poBa.B Borrpoc o cHa6meHHII Ilapuma 196• Ho aro 03Ha1IaJio 6LI HeMHHyeMoe
na�ea:o:e ,npaBnre:r&CTBa. Ilo c.10Ba:u caMoro T1,epa, «H;::t;e.a: conpornB
JieHHH IIOJIHOCThIO 0BJia�e:rn Ô0.7.IhIDIIHCTBO�I naceaeHHH Ilapuma, H '6hlJIO
HCH0, TITO MHP M0iRH0 6y,1.er 3afü"IIO"t!HTb :nimh ropaa;:i;o II03;J,Hee►> 197• 5 HOHOpH
rrpaBHTeJI.bCTB0 pemli.TI0 0T.K.T.IOH'IITb rrpe;::t;.ï0ïReHHe EncMap1rn H HarrpaBHJfO
Toetpa B rrpoBHHD;HIO <<.rr::ur c.r0Bo1pa c châteaux 198 H n.;:1» TaiiHoi,i rro;n;roroBITTI
nceo6rr:r;11x BhlôopoB... >> 199.
CJie,zzyeT OTMeTIITh. lJT0 II3BeCTHYIO pO.lb Il 01'Ra3e npaBHTeJibCTBa OT npe�
JIOmeJ:IH.hIX Birc"MapRO�I yc.::IOBIIM rrepe�rn:pHH Chlnpa.'I n,pOTOC,T I'aM6eTThl.
BbIJieTeB 9 OKTH6pH Ha B03;:::t:ymno11 mape n T yp, ra-M6eTTa B03rJiaBHJI Typ
CRYIO ,:a;eJieran;HIO upamneJihCTBa ( B COCTaB ee BOID.1H e�e Rp eMhe, ,u;e f.1.rn
BnayaH lI <DypHillOH). 06'he,JJ!HHB B CBOHX py1-.ax B0S-HHoe MHHHCTe-pcTBO H
MHHH-CTepCTBO BHYTPl'HHHX Ae.1:, faM6erTa n: ero r."!J"aBJn.IÜ IlOl-.lOmHHR ropnhlÜ
Il'Hmeaep, a 3arc11 rrpe<f>r1-.T ,;::i:errapraMeHTa Tapa H l'apoHHa illapJih ,u;e <l>pe:ë:
C.HH3 !p.88BIIJIH 6.0.:IhillYIO anTHBH0CTb B opraHII33IJ;HH 6opb6hl rrpornB He'Men;
«oro name-cTBHH. B :nopon"lnii cpoR 61,1.10 cq)OpMHpOBauo 11 H0BhIX apMe:ÜCKHX
lWPIIYC0B o6�e:a l:JHC.:IeHH0CThIO B 600 ThICH"t! "t!C'.l'0BeR H 238 H0BMX apTHJIJie
pl:IÜCRHX 6aTapeii. Ho :3Tl:I H0Bhie ap1:IIIII C0CT0H:rn: IT3 Ma:rno6y-qeHHbIX H llJI0X0
BO-opymeHHbIX -co.rr;.i,ar: K
' T0:.\iY mC' HM He XBRTaJI0 •0 IIhlTHhlX •K(Ht:aHÀIIPOB. Bce
me ,n;eÎÎCTBH.HlM ra1r6eTThI nepnoHa1Ia.lhH0 C0IIYTCTB0Ra:I yc.rrex. 9 HOH6p11 Jlyap
CK3H apMHH no.ri; Ro:uan;:i:oBaHne:.\I reHepa.1a Ope.ïh ;:rr Jla.rra;i;1urn o,u;epmaJia
no6eÀy IJŒJH RyJihlihe.
C 6oJihillHM ,MyiIŒCTB0:.\I cpama.lHCb orpH;J;hI B0.1hHhlX c.rpe::rnoB (<f>paHTHpë
püB), K0T0phle Ha.H0CJI:III cepoe3Hhlll yin;ep6 HeMen;1,1n1 BOHCK8lf Ha 0RRYilllpo
BaHHhlX RMII -r.eppHT0pHHX <l>paHII;nn:. 18 OKn16p.H B0:IhHhle CTpe.rrKH Ilapuma
Ilpoeax ueperonopoB
o nepeMHpllH
194 «Le Combat>>, 10 novembre 18ï0; «La Guerre illustrée», 7 decembre 1870, p. 300;
<<Le Rappel», 8 novembre 18ï0.
195 Actes, t. V, p. 7.
196 J. Des mares t. La défence nationale 1870-1871. Paris, 1949, p. 236-245.
197 Actes, t. V, p. 7.
19s <<3aMfü3.MH>> (r. e. c npyrrm,nrn 3e�1.1eB.1a�e;n,a;mn;i:).
199 R. Ma pK e. IIepB1>1iî: Ha6pocoR «fpam;:taHcKoii BOHHhI BO (l)pam.urn>>. R. Ma p K c
n (l)_ 8HreJI1,c. Co11., T. 1i, crp. 503.
196
Hau;u-oHaJILHhie rBap;::i;e.ÜII .hl lllaTo;::t;eHa B Te1IeHRe 1101.J:Tll :u;e.rroro AHH repolI'Ie
CnII 3arn;Hrn.amr ropo;:r, OT Ha'IHC}Π5-ThlCH1IHOI'O OTpH;i;a rrpycc1rn:x BOHCK, KOTO
poMy AOC'TaJIHCb O,Il;HH JIHIDb pa3B8JllIHbl.
BamHyro po.1Ih B 6opb6e IllJ)OTHB HeMe1vwro HamecTBHH nrpa.ria 8.'PMHH Bo
re3on, KO''l'Opo:ë: KOM8H)J;OBaJI 11poc:iaH:IeHHhlll repoii Han;n:oHaJihHO-jleB0JilOD;H0B
HOro �BHiK0HHH MTa.IDIH - ,I{myaerrne rapH6aJih)];ll. 3ra apl\UUI 'HaO'tfHThlBaJia
16 Thlc,rq qeJioBeK n cocroaJia n:a AOOPOBOJih-riecKEIX oTpap;oB, ctpopMHpoBaHHhlX
'd pa3JIH"'IHblX qaeTHX <l>pa'HI(HH. li Il3 01:p.a,rr;oB UHOCTpaHHhlX J:lOUpO'BOJihIIeB upeH1Mym;ecTB0HHO
HTRJlhH'Hll.eB, yqacTHH.nOB rapn6a:Ih;J;TIHC'KHX
noxo,n;oB
200
...
60-x rO,Il;OB
BepcaJihCh'.He IIeperosopI:.I eff\e paa 11onfüJaJIH, "tfTo 11paBHT0JihCTBo T,pom10 <l>aBpa, OTKa"3aBmeeca OT 8'RTHBHhlX BOeHHhlX ;:i;encTBH.Ü II OT no,rr;,n;epmKH Ha
POAJIO:Ü: BOHHhl, 11e MOrJIO ,n;o6HThCH CKO:Ib IW-HR6yp;h U01I0THoro MHpa. Bonpoc
CTOHJI TaK: Hapo,n;Ha.a BOÜHa H.JIII Ra IUITYJUITI;füI. TpeTI>eI'O lffYTH He 6hlJIO, HO
rrpaBHTeJihCTBO He merra.1:0 BoeBaTh II He pemaJIOCh IŒIIHTy.1ni,poBaTh.
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CTBOM, HO OHO He tJYBCTBOBa:IO COOH )];OCTaTO"IJHO Cll.JlhHhlM ,iJ;JIH a-Toro 202• MHo
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CTBO, HCT()"l{HHKOM B:IaCTH ROToporo cra:ra Hapo;:i;HaH peBOJIIOIVrn:, npecJie;u:yeT
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l'I
1
200
201
202
203
p. 11.
20•
205
r. Jl e .,: L 6 p IO K
McropHH BOeHHOfO HCKyccrna .. . , T. VI, M., 1939, CTp. 266, 32.8.
«Le Rappeb, 5, 6 novembre 1870.
Procès-verbaux.. , p. 270; «La Patrie en danger>>, 7 novembre 1870.
E. Cross on. Cent jours du siège à la préfecture de police. Paris, 19<H.
CM. BLI,1l;ep,1m11 :e:a ra3eT B «La Guerre illustrée>>. 12 novembre 1870.
<<Le Rappeh, 6 noYembre 1870.
l97
OTMeTHJia rasera <<Le Rappel», Bo BpeMH Bhl6opoB «orrrroaHD;liH B3HJia cBoft
rrepBhiii peBaHIII>> 206.
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MyHy; H'Jiel'viaHCO, rro,r:i;aBIIIH:Ü: IIOCJie 31 OKn16pH B OTCTaBRY C IIOCTa Ya-pa Toro
me XVIII oRpyra, r)];e OH 6hw Teneph H36paH; MoTTIO, CHHThlH B OKTH6pe
lJIPaBI1T8JibCT1BOl\l C IIOCTa M:s,pa IJ OI�pyra 3a TO, 'C!TO 3a.nphl.·:I'u;eipROBHhle IIIROJihl
u BBeJI cBeTc1rne o6pa3oBaHne B cBoeM paiioHe. B ipa6011nx KBapTaJiax JlaBliJIJieT
u BeJibB.IIJih M3ipaM.II 6bmII II36paHhl peBOJIIOIJ;liOBephl ,[(eJieRJiroa li PaHBhe,
apeCTOBaHffhie 3a y"tiaCTIIe B BOCCTUHlie 31 ORn.16tp.a; HX 'IlOMOID;HlilŒMli MMJ'Ih8jp,
Bamrnc li CK!phIBaBmIIHCH OT apecTa <l>JiyipaHC.
Ilo no;ri;cqeTaM ra3eThI <<Le Combat>>, 5-8 HoH6pH OROJio 150 ThlC. 11e.rro
BeR rOJIOCOBaJIH sa RaH;');H,[(aTOB O'IIIIOOHIJ;lili li ORO.'JO 100 ThlC.- 3a RaB,IJ;H,D;aTOB
npa;sIIT8JlhCTBa 207. Cpe,r:i;n �rnpoB lI HX IIOMOIIJ;HIIROB o6pa30BaJiac1, Terrep1, rpyrr
na -con;HaJ'IIICTOB 6oJiee qeM B ,!l;8CHTh qeJIOB8R.
IIepBa» )];e:n.a;ri;a HoH6pH 1870 r. 61,vrn Hachl:rn;eaa B
,.,
BoccTaHBe n mieouco;u!
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TIIH II03BOJIH8T rJiyome on;eHHTb H0IIOC,,p0,i1CTBeHHhle
IlOCJI0,IJ;C'TBHH BOOCTaHIIH 31 OKTH6pH.
B TOM, qTo BOCCTaHR8 31 OKTH6pH CIIJ'IOTHJIO BOKpyr npaBHTeJII,CTBa OCHOB
HYIO Macey II'MYID;RX KJiaCCOB, OT,n;anamI ce6e OReT B o60HX Bpam,icy-rom;ax Jia
r0tl)HX. B 881D;HTY rrpaBHT0JibCTBa (<BCTaJIH ·Bce rrapnm, RlpOMe H0Ill()HMHpHMhlX
anapXliCTOB>>, aarrncaJI B CBOeM J];HeBHHRe peaRD;IIOHH.hIH rry6JIHIJ;IICT Ben: 208•
IlpaBIITeJibCTBO IIOIDJJO Ha c6.'IHIB 8Hlie C pOH;JHCTaMli, KOHCTaTnpoBaJ'Ia HROÔHH
ORaH <<Le Combat>>, a 6JiaHKHCTOKaH «La Patrie en danger>> rr:e:caJia o TOM, qTo
'lJI0Hhl npaBHTeJibCTBa (<6pocmUICh B OO'hHTlIH peaRIJ;IIH, ,qTo6hl OCBOÔO)];liTl,CH
oT o6em;aHHhIX HBJpo;1;y B.hl6opoB B HoMMYHY» 209• PacRphl:BaH noJIIITH1I·ecKHH,
a OTqa,CTII Il RJiaCCOBhlH CMhlC.lJ n.püHCXO,il;Hm;ero, E:rnHKH yKa3bIBaJI, lfTO 60JI1,
me Bcero OT 'IIO,ZJ;aBJieHHH BOCCTaHHH BhlHrpa�a IlpyccIIH. 3To ee apMHH rro6e
)];HJia 31 ORTH6pH. Ha rrpycCKIIX illThlnax R BJiaCTl:I npo6HpaeTCH peaKn;HH.
IIpeo6Jia)];aHne rrepexo.n;HT K apHCTORpaT:e:11ecKHM a�e:MeHTa:M Ilaplima, «6Hpma
JI p.II3HHD;a CTaHOBHTCH X03HeBaMII>> 210•
Pe3yJibTa Thl IIJie6ncn;HTa 6ypmya3l:IH BCTpeTHJia JIHROBaHlieM. «ÔTO J'IY11
CBeTa B OKpyma10m;eM Mpa:ne>>,- aaHBu.11a <<Illustration». MoaapxlicTCKaH rre
.qaTb He CRphIBaJia, 1ITO paccMaTpHBaeT peayJII,TaThl IIJie6:e:cu;:n:Ta KaR «OTpnn;a
HHe pecny6JIJIRII>>, a RaTOJIIPI8CRaH <<La France>> npe,ncKa8MBaJia Ha pa)];OCTHX
�ame H CKOpyro rn:6eJib pecrry6JIHKH. HeKOTOpbie rrpaBhle raaeThl He TOJII,RO
o,n;o6pliJili apeCThl peBOJIIOD;HOHepoB, HO JI IlûTpOOOBaJIH YCHJI0HHH peiljpeccn:ë:.
«Le Liberté>> coma.Jie.11a, -ciTo npaBHTeJihCTBO «aarraaµ;hlBaeT>> c apecraMli. A op
raH 6paT1,eB IlIIRap <<L'Electeur libre>> TpoooBaJI <<YIIH'lITOïKliTI, RHyrp·eaaero
npara».
JleBo6ypmya3HaH <<Le Rappel» aa6IIJia TpeBory o cy,n;we pecrry6J'I,HRH 211•
HeIWTOphie 6ypmya3Hh.18 ra3eTbl 3aHBH:rn:, l!TO 1pe3yJinTaThl rOJIOCOBaHHH OOH81dBaIOT �aBHTeJinCTBO He TOJibKO (<OXpaHHTI, rropH/J;OR», HO Il aKTRBli3HpOBaTI,
o6opoHy.
JleaaH neqaTh, aHaJ'IH3HpyH peayJibTaThl IIJie6HCIJ;HTa, y-Ra3hIBaJia, 1ITO rrpa
BH'T0Jl1,CTBO o;:i;epma:rn B8px C IIOMOID;bIO «Belffioro KpaCHOTO npHapaRa» H 6J'Ia
ro,n;apH (<06em;aHIIIO nepeMHpIIH, KOTOpOI'O ono He cyMeJio )];OOHTbCH». Ho OTH-0-
m.
<�Le Rappeh, 7 novembre 1870.
«Le Combat», 11 novembre 1870..
20s F. W e y. Op. cit., p. 100.
2 09 <<Le Combat», 9 novembre 1870. «La Patrie en danger», 30 novembre 1870.
210 «La Patrie en danger>>, 5 novembre 1870; M. Do mma nge t. Op. cit., p. 82.
211 «Le Rappel», 5 novembre 1870.
206
207
cnreJibHO Toro, KaKOBhl 6biJI,H n;11<l>,pOBhle HTOf.H IIJie6ncn;1ITa, «IIOCJie,u;Hee CJIOBO
ern;e He CKa3aHot, ·IIHcaJia .aeo.aRo6uncRaH <<Le Réveil» 212• Ycnex na MYHHD;H
rraJibHhIX Bhl6opax. aapo�HJI B JI0BnIX Rpyrax, B qacTHOC"TH y HeOHRo6nnn;eB,
na,u;em,rzy Ha B03'.MO»tHOCTI, npOTHBOIIOCTaBHTb :\rnpoB rrpaBHTeJihCTBy. Y M3pOB
Tenep1, ne Men1,me aBTOPIITe'ia, l!eM y npaBHTeJILCTBa; KomJmHRT Mem,u;y BTH
MH �ByMH·cHJiaMH HeHs6emeH, n:aca.11a <<Le Combat>> 213•
Co6b1THH nepBoi HO.sIDJ)bCROH He,u;eJIU He CJIOMIIJUI Bepy peBOJIIOD;HOHHOrû
Ila-pB'iRa B· CBOH CHJihl. ToJI1>Ro y oT,u;e;n,HhlX Jirrn; 3TH co6LITHH n, B 1rnc·TaocTH,
I1Jie6Hcù;wr BLI3BaJIH 'IH�CCH'MHCTH1!0CKHe HacTpoeHHH. Pa6oqrrn: KJiacc a CBOeM
t(o}];aBn:H.IOID;0M 60JlbllIHHCTB9 coxpaHHJI Bepy B Km1Myny H ynepeHHOCTL B TOM,
qTo KoHMYHa 6y):'(eT coa�aaa. «ECJin naM ee [ItoMMyny.- H. J(.] - He ,u;ap;Y'f,
MLI B03I>MeM -ee CaMH))�- roB�In1.rr nenaBecTHhlR opaTop B KJIW6e MOHTaHhH
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Ami:HRC B KJiy6e <DaBbe 215. TaKRM o6pa30M,
ll000]1;a peaK�HH 'IIOOJie TIO]l;aB)leHHH BOCCTaHHH 31 ORTHOPH He CIMOrJia ocraiio
BllTh -�aJILHeiimIIii nop;'heM peBOJIIOD;HOHHoii 6opb61>1 n Ilapame.
m.
6. KJIACCOBAH BOPhBA B IIAPBiKE B KOHU:E 1870 ro,L(A
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)J;yMaTI, 216 •
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TalORe ÇeBepna.a -� 3ana�aH apMHH. Bl>ICOKHli ypoBeHh IlpûMhllIIJl0HHOfO 1pa3�HTIDI cTpaHhl 11 CBooop;e:1,1:ü p;ocryn K MopHM OOJiefl!HJIH nx cuaipHmeH'He.
XoTH arn HOBLie apMH•H 6hlJIH em;e cJia6o o6ylleH1>1, OHH yme B Ho.a6pe 1870 r.
cTaJIH, 6JiaroJJ;aipH CBoeMy 6oeBoMy -naTp110T1PrncRo:My JJ.YXY, cep1,eaHoi BOOH
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JIO pacc'l!HTLIBaTb 1Ha ocBo6om,u;eHne CTOJIHD;hl oT oea,i:v,1 217•
1IpaBHT0JlbCTBO TpomIO KaK 6yJJ;TO IlhITa:JOCh aRTHBH3HpoBaTL BOeHHhle
�eiCTBIDI. BoopymeHHhle CHJibI Tiapm1rn 6LI.IIH -peopra.Hll30BaHLI B TPH ap:Mll.H:
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0 BOOBBNX AeàCTBIIJIX
212 «Le Réveib, 4, 7 novembre 1870.
21a «Le Combab, 8 novembre 1870.
214 ll;HT. no G. Molin a ri. Les clubs rouges pendant le siège de Paris. Paris, 1871,
p.
60.
re
JI L c.
217
21 s
216
G. M o lin a ri. Op. cit., p. 68.
(l). 9 H r e JI 1, C. BoeHHa11 o6cTaHOBKa BO <l>pam:i;nn:. H. M a p K C
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218
219
220
221
222
200
Procès-verbaux, p. 311.
Ibid., p. 310.
Ibid., p. 309, 316.
«La Patrie en danger». 18 novembre 1870.
<<La Gu<'n"e illus,trée)>, 3 décembre 1870. p. ��-
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1
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223
224
1895.
225
Procès-verbaux, p. 355-359.
A. Duc que t. Guerre de 1870-18ï1. Paris. Les batall es de la Marne. Paris,
<<Le Rév�ib, � décembre 1870.
201
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& Procès-verbaux, p. 425.
M. D e s m a r e s t. Op. cit., p. 330.
228 C. de B. Letters from Paris. 1870-1875. London, 1942, p. 111.
229 Murailles, t. I, p. 548, 555, 666, 671, 672.
2ao Ibid., p. 682, 696.
231 «Le Réveil>>, 6 janvier 1959.
232
<<La Patrie en danger», 8 novembre 1870.
233 <<Le Combat>>, 25 décembre 1870.
234
Actes, t. VII, p. 141-144.
235 «
La Patrie en danger>>, 14 novembre 1870.
22
227
202
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236
«Le Combat,, fO, 20 décembre 1870; «La Patrie en danger», 25 novembre 1870.
237
1870.
«La Guerre illustrée», 17 décembre 1870, p. 320; <<Le Combat>>, 10, 13 décembre
Enquête parlemenitaire sur l'insurl'OCltion du •18 mars, t. II, p. B00--391. <l>. Cap
ca. Oca� IlapBma. M., 1915, cTp. 252.
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,.-
u
u
Procès-verbaux, p. 328.
Ibid., p. 299; Murailles, t. I, p. 494.
241 C. de B. Op. cit., p. 117: «Le Réveil>>, 8 janvier 1871.
242 Ibid., p. 95.
243 «L'illustration», 31 décembre 18i0. p. 415.
244 A. A r n o u 1 d. Histoire p opulaire et parlementaire de la Commune de. Paris,
t. I. Bruxelles, 18718, p. 51.
245 «Le Combat», 25 décembre 1870.
246 «Le Réveil>>, 9 novembre 1870.
247 «L'illustration►>, s1 décembre 1870. p. 4t.5; H. d 'Al m e ras. Op. cit.,
p. 2::1-2V..
248 <<La Patrie en danger». 8, 25 novembre 1870.
239
246
204
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11-ocnenoenuoro rrepHoµ;a, o6ocnoBI,IBaJio npaBo Ilapnma BL16npaT1, cBoii MYHH-
«La Patrie en danger», 27 novembre 1870. <<Le Combat>>, 10 décembre 1870.
«La Patrie en danger», 121 novembre 18ï0.
251 «Le Réveil», 5 janvier 1871.
252 Pr ocès-verbaux, p. 378.
253 :QuT. no G. Mo lina r i. Op. cit., p. 71-72.
254 «La Patrie en danger», 19 novembre 1870; CM. Tai.me <<La Patrie en danger», 20,
23 novembre 1870.
255 «La Patrie en danger» 21 novembre 1870.
,
249
250
205
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257
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noreipe:ü �JIH Hapop;HhlX Macc 6hlJIO rrpeKpam;eHHe Bhl
xo,u;a B cBeT 6.n:anK:ucrc1wii raaerhl <<La Patrie en danger». IlocJie,n;HH:Ü: ee uo
M� B.blmeJI 8 ,n;eKaÔpH. )::(o :)Toro ra3era neqaraJiacb B O'IeHh THIBeJibIX yc
JIOBHHX. Ee rJiaBHhIÜ pe;::i;a:nrop, B:iaHKH, cKiphlBaJICH or noJil:lllJIH. i(,pyroï1
pe,n;aKrop, TpnAoH, 61,1JI apecroBaH. R 3TOMY upHoaBHJIHCh MarepHaJihHhie rpy,u;
HOCTH. raaery TIHTa�'II:I ca)II,Ie 6e;J;Hhie C:IOH HaceJieHHH, II, no cJIOBaM ee OO'r
rpy.u;n:e:1rn Peuapa, «ona rrol!TII Hen36eïnHo p;oJiïKHa OhIJia npeRparnTh cBoe
cyIQOCTBOBaHH8 C II)OCTO.M nyaUV>I» 258• IloqTJjJ O;J;HOBpeMeHHO mpeKpaTHJia
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ui6ipe 1870 r.
3aro n HOHÔpe-p;eRa6pe n Ilapnme IIOHBIIJIHCb BeKOTOphle HOBhie peBOJJIO
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«L'Oeil du Marat>> Bhlxo,u;nmr He;:::i;o:i:ro. Ho )];Be HOBhle raaeThl - 4<La Résistan
ce>> •H «Le lutte à outrance>> coxpan11JIHCh n n 1871 roAY· 4<La Résistance» 1JI0�
HBHJiach B Hon6pe no,;1; pyKoB'O)];CTBO)I 6.;iaBRHCTa TeoAopa Can:e:a; cHaTiaJia oHa
BhlXO�HJia ,n;Ba p.a3a B Hep;e;iro, a aareM cra.1a eaŒ):(HeBHOii. B Hei corpy,u;Hn-qa
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2s5 <<'La Patrj(> en danger». 26 novembre 1870.
251 Ibid., 2 décembre 18i0.
2ss «Le Combat>>, 12 octobre 1870.
59
2
Actes, t. VII, p. 142.
206
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lIHTepHa:a;noHaJia 262•
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cTaphle, o6'be,ll;IIHHJIIICh n yRpynHHJIIICh MeJIKHe ceRn;in1. B.;i:HHHIIe ceKn;H:ii poc
JIO. MHorne rrapnmcRae K.rry6@ - lù1y6 '1CTHTeJieft, Hny6 peBOJIIOIJ;HH, l\Jiy6
RaneJIJihl, KJiy6 MoHMap1.'pa II lù1y6 XIII oRpyra - rrpIIcoe;::i;HHJIIOTCH K B033BaHllIO <De.n;epaJibHOro COBeTa, ROTOp,oe yrroMHHaJIOCb BI.Ille 267•
Ilo.n; BJIHHHHeM ceKn;nü llHTepHan;aoHaJia naxop;nJicH n Iù1y,6 Mep;nn;nH
CKOH IDKOJibI, IIpIIHHMaBIDHH HHor,r:i;a pa3BepHyThie pemeHHH no COIJ;HaJILHhlM
BOlJlPOCaM. TaK, Ha O,ll;HO'M II3 CBOHX 3ace;::i;amrii R.;i:y6 rrpIIHHJI p030JIIOIJ;HIO B aa
IqHTY Mynm:::i;HllaJILHhlX Mara3HROB V ORpyra OT Barra,r:i:OI{ C-0 cropOHhl qacTHhlX
roprOBIJ;eB. B pe80JIIOIJ;IIH 06ocHOBhlBaJiaCh neo6xo,n;HMOCTh C03,IJ;aHHH TaRHX
Mara3HHOB H ,ll;OKa3hIBaJIOCh, ·1ITO BCe 1IaCTHb18 �rara3IIHbl CJieJ);yeT 3a)IeHlITb
MYHRIJ;HIIaJibHhIMH 268•
M BCe me BJIHHHHe npy;:,;ioHII.C-TCRIIX n;::i;e:ü TOp:1I03l:I:IO 60.rree 3HeprII1IHOe yqa
CTIIe ceKn;nii lIHrepnan;HOHaJia B 1.IIOJIIITH1IeCKOÜ 6opb6e.
2so Ibid., p. 143.
261 F. Ma i 11 a r d. Histoire
des journaux, publiés à Paris pendant le siège et
sous la Commune. Paris, 1871 p. 101-103; «La Guerre illustrée», 18 janvier 1871, p. 431.
'62 Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 211.
263 Ibid., t. II, p. 108.
264 «Le Réveil», 8, 9, 18 janvier 1871.
265
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 218.
266 «La Patrie en danger», 28 novembre 1870.
257 Ibid., 28 novembre, 2, 3, 4 décembre 1870.
268 «Le
Combat», 2 décembre 1870.
207
fopa3)];0 66JihIIIYIO IIOJIHT}[lieCRYIO aKTHBHOCTh npo.H.B
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20 OKpyroB
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R Ha1IaJiy HOHÔp.H OTHOCHTCH opraHn:3aD;H.H fapH6a:ihrot:iicKoro Jiern:oHa 269•
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271
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• XapaKTep1rnyH Pecny6JI11,Kam�1eyro JIHry,
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HH3aD;HH, Ilapnm JJ;O..'IïIŒH rrpnHa;::t;nemarh 11jpomrrapHHM>> 272• Bn;:i;KMo, Pecnyo
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o6paaoBaJIH AHTHMOHapxnl!ecKyIO JIHry 273•
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.Kax OO'b8)];HHeRHH BCex CHJI peBOJIIOil;llOHHOl'O narepH. 3acJiyJKHBaIOT BHHMaHBH
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IIpHHa)];JieiRa�ria ORpymHOMY IWMHTSTY 6;::i;Hre�"IbHOCTH, KOT�hlii ROOp.JJ;B.HHponaJI
}:J;eHTeJihHOC'Tb KJiy6oB B CB08M OKpyre.
B KoHn;e Ho.H6pH l(eHTpaJihHhlË: KOMHTST 20 oKpyroB C03Aa:I 1,enrpaJihHLIÜ
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JJ;OJiiRHa fü,IJia Il pema'Th Borrpoc O npne�ie HOBbIX 1IJieHOB, HH)];HBHJJ;Y8Jil>HhIX
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)];e11TeJlbHOCTb
D;eu-rpaID>BOro ROMHTeTa
269
p. 13$.
«La Patrie en danger>>, 3 novembre 1870; J. Dau t r y et L. Scheler. Op. cit.,
270 Actes, t. VII, p. 143.
Ibid.r p. 142-144.
Procès-ve1 baux, p. 35ï.
2n Actes, t. VII,
p. 142.
274 <<Le Oombat>>, 28 novembre 1870.
27 s <<Le Réveil», 8, 9, 18 janvier 1871; �La Patrie en danger», 7, 28 novembre, 7 dé�
cembre 1870.
276 <<Le Combat>>, 12 décembre, 1870.
271
272
208
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XVIII
6
11
J..... oMMyHy,,
,
li T. J];. 277
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ua�uoaan1>Hoi rBa.pWt:H, B TOM 111Ic.rre <l>.rrypaHca :a PaHBh·e 279 • B o6rri;eM, Memp;y
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B ROTOpblx �eicTBHH H-60 o.rr;o6pnJIHCh 282• CTpacTir em;e 60JI1,rne paaropem2rc.b
218-M H
6araJiboHax
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B CBH3H c IIJIOOHCD;HTOM.
cepbe3Hhle CTh11I·KU: IMeiK,D;y CTOpOHBHKaMII H npOTHBHIJRaMn rrpaBH'T8JihCTBa 283•
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,n;aIBe ecJIII Te ne 6hIJIH CM8IQ:0Hbl ·IllPaBHTe.;'lhCTBO'M. TaR, B 66-'M 6aTaJihOHe,
r.ue OOJihIIUfillCTBO oqmn;epoB 6hIJIO ToprOBIJ.aMH II 11pe.ri;J1JpIIHIIMaTem1MII, a KO
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20
M6
1870
27
18
1871
495
31
31
106-ro
Tax,
31
B
185-lI
3
Ibid., 12 décembre 1870.
J. V a 11 è s. Articles et pamphlets. Moscou, 1958, p. 307.
«La Patrie en danger», 5 novembre, 4 décembre 1870.
E. M a s o n. The Paris Commune, New Jork, 1930, p. 88.
281 Procès-verbaux, p. 200, 391.
282 <<La Patrie en danger>>, 3, 6 novembre 1870.
283 Ibid., 8 11 10 novembre 1870.
277
278
279
280
14 Ilapnmci-rna HOMMYHa, T. I
209
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·«
«La Patrie en danger>>, 9 novembre 1870.
«Le Combah, 10 novembre 1870.
286 «La Patrie en danger», 8, 13, 20 novembre 1870.
287 Ibid., 30 novembre 1870.
288 Ibid., 8 novembre 1870.
289 Actes, t. VII, p. 141.
290 «L a Patrie en danger>>, 15, 18, 21 novembre 1870.
291 «Le Rappel», 13 décembre 1870.
284
285
210
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292
((La Guerre illustrée•,
p.
324-325, 342-343.
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H <l>. :3 H r e JI. 1:, c. Co11 ., T. 17, cTp. 508.
294 J. La m b er. Op. cit., p. 382; Col. Ro usset. L'Armistice de 1871. Paris, 1927,
p. 39-40.
29s <<!L'Univers>>, 23 décembre li870. IJ;nT. no H. Gui 11 e min. Ferrière-en-Ta,pinois.
cTemps modernes•, 1956, N 124, p. 1591.
296 Procès-verbaux, p. 472.
297 Ibidem.
14 *
211
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298
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299
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8
29
99
2
Ibid., p. 452.
Murailles, t. I, p. 680.
. � «Le Combab, 22 janvier 1871.
801 Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. 260.
®2 Ibid., 273.
303 Ibid., p. 265-277; M. De s s a 1. Un révolutionnaire jacobin Charles Delescluze.
1.800-1871. Paris, 1952, p. 310; A. A r no u 1 d. Op. cit., p. 60-70.
304
Enquête parlementaire sur l'i nsurrection du 18 mars, t. Ill, p. 268-:2.69.
:212
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5
Ibid., t. II, p. 612--613.
«Le Réveil», 2, 3 janvier 1871.
381 Ibid., 7 janvier 1871.
303 Procès-verbaux, p. 495.
309 M. Dessa 1. 0�. cit., p. 310.
310 «Le Réveib 8 Janvier 1871; «La Guerre illustrée», 11 janvier 1871.
311 M. Dessa l. Op. cit., p. 31:5---316.
a12 «'L'illustration», ,1 janvier 11871.
311 Ibid., 5 janvier t87 t ..
314 Ibid., 12, 3 janvier 1871.
315 Ibid., i4 janvier 1871.
,10
306
213
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1
316
317
318
319
320
321
214
Ibid., 7 janvier 1871.
tLe Combat», 7 janvier 1871.
QHT. no G. Molin a ri. Op. cit., p. 21!).-220.
M. Vu i 11au me. Mes cahiers rouges, v . IX. Paris, 1913, p. 49.
QuT. no G. Mo 1ina ri. Op. cit., p. 211.
M. Vui 11 au m e. Op. cit., p. 4fl, 52.
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m. Ba JI·JI e c. HncypreBT. M., 1939, cTp. 179-181. J. V a 11 é s. Op. cit. p. 3li-8.
323 TI. Re p me u u; e B. 'YKaa. co11., CTp. 131-132.
213
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216
E. C r e s s o n. Op. cit., p. 196.
Procès-verbaux, p. 495.
«Le Réveil>>, 8 janvier 1871.
«Le Combat», 7 janvier 1871.
.Q:e:T. no G.. Molin a ri. Op. cit., p. 209, 210.
J. D e s m a r e s t. Op. cit., p. 383.
«Le Réveil>>, 11 janvier 1871.
A. Ducquet; Op. cit., p. 284-285.
JI u cc ara p a. YKaa. co'11., cTp. 42; Gui 11 e mi ·n. Op. dt., p. t26, note 393.
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n <I>. 8 n r e JI 1> c. Co-q., T. 17, CTp . 499.
3 4
3 Procès-verbaux, p. 531.
335 Ibidem.
386 Ibidem.
7
Ibid., p. 532.
33
338
Ibid., p. 534.
33
9 J. Des mare s t. Op. cit., p. 419-420.
-3tO Murailles, t.. I, p. 773, 774..
341 cLe Combat, , 19 janvier 1871.
211
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1
342
343
344
345
6
�
347
348
349
"218
fLe Réveil», 15 janvier 1871.
Ibid., 15, 16 j anvier 1871.
Den fer t- Ro che reau. Histoire de la d fé ense de Belfort. Paris, 1873.
«Le Réveil», 5 janvier 1871.
Procès-verbaux, p. 454-546.
A. A rn o u I d. Op. cit., p. 68.
«Le Réveil», 15 janvier 1871.
Ibidem.
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351 ll;BT.
3s.2
35
Ibid., 11 janvier 1871.
no G. Mo 1 in a ri. Op. cit., p.
«Le Comhab, :20 janvier 1871.
3 I.J;uT. no G. Mo 1 in ari. Op. cit., p.
354 <I>. 9 ure JI i. c. 3a:ueTKB o nobe. K
2· 47, 249, Q..50.
355 CM., ua.npH11ep, A. Arn oul d. Op.
56
J. De s mare s t. Op. cit., p. 69, 73.
3
357 F. Maillard. Op. cit., p. 104-105.
222.
258.
MapK c n <I>. 8 Hre JI 1> c. Co11., T. 17, cTp.
cit., p. 71.
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lqRH coupoBom,n;aTb HaD;'IIOHa:InHhlX rBap;:i;e:ë:n;eB K paTyme - npoTeCTOBaTL.
IIpOTHB XJI06HOH HOpMhl 365•
B.1ran:nrr n L(eJieRJIIOa OhlJIII npaBhl, CIJHTaH, "tJTO DjpaIlos�IIJI
BlITeJihCTBO
He Upo1IL YHTII OT OTBeTCTBCHHOCTH aa
nn
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He RoMMyHe. C1JHTa11 MOMeHT rro,n;x-0,n;m:qH:M ,IJ;JIH 0Kon11a1ru BOHHLI, Tpom10
CTJ)0MHJICH IIOC0.HTI, B Ilap11me naHllKY li npHMHpHTb ero C BenaoemHOCTJ,IO
RaIIHTYJIHq,HH. Be11ep
1 oM 19-ro, rr,pnRa3aB BoiicKaM OTCTYIIHT.b Ha HCXOAJII.Ie
.Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 ,mars, t. III, ,p. WB.
L. Mi ch e l. Op. cit., p. 98.
360 M. Vu i 11 au me. Op. cit., t. IX, p. 52, 54,
64, 00.
361 G. Gill. Op. cit., p. 236 ; G. F 1 o u r e n s. Op. cit., p. 203.
362 M. D e s s a 1.
Op. cit., p. 316.
363 M. V u i 11 a u m e. Op. cit., p. 50.
364 Ibid., p. 52.
365
L. Miche 1. Op. cit., p. 97.
358
359
220
Il03Hll;.IDI, OH Tyr me HanpaBHJI npaBHTeJihCTBy ,JJ;enerny O TOM, qTO BOHCKa
nor,epneJnI IIOJIHoe nopameHae. ihy ,n;enemy OH npe;::t;Jiom:n:JI npaBHT0JILC- TBY
HeM-eµ;JieHHO orry6JIHlKOBaTh. YTpoM 20"""'1'0 T1pom10 aaHBIIJI, qTo TpeoyeTcH nepe
:.vnipne Ha )];Ba JJ;ll'H, qTOfüi,I y6paTL yi6HThIX II BhIBe3·TH paReHhIX 366• Ha caMOM
;i;eJie JJ;JIH :noro rrouap;o6Wioc1> He 60Jrne µ;Byx qacoB.
Ho ocraJibHLle qJJeHhl rr,paBHT0JlhCTBa He ÔbIJIH yBepeHhl, qro 610seunaJU,
CI\QrO KpOBOIIYCKaHJUI 6y,n;eT ,IJ;OCTaToqao, qro6bl CJIOMHTL ynopcTBO nap1umIB.
)l:erremy Tpom10 fü�Jio pemeao He ny6;iHKOBaTh BIIJIOTL .n;o KanHTYJIHil.'HII. H.e
KoropLie qJieHhl IIjpaBH'TeJihCTBa aaxo,n;H.JHI, �ro npIIp;ercH em;e ·paa nocJiaTh
B ôo:ii Hal{HOHallLHYIO rBap,n;H.IO. M !IIpo-THBHIIKH H cropoHHHK!I BTOfO MHBHHH
CXOAHJIIICh Ha TOM, qro rrpaBH'TeJILCTBO He i'l,OJDRHO caMO n,e,CTH neperOBOpLI
0 c,n;a11e. CJieJzyeT np:n:o6m;BTh R ;::i;-eiiCTBHHM npaBIITeJibCTBa npe,n;cTaBBTeJie.Ü:
Ilap1uRa, ronopHJI BoapamaBm11ii npornB HOBoii BhIJia3KII <l>anp. <<HaAO )];aTI,
IIOCJ10,Il;Hee cpameHHe li IIOCJie aero YIIOJIHOM()qHTh TiapI-DR KaUIITYJIIIpGBaTh►>,3aHBIDIJI cTopoHHHK «tIIocJie.n;Hero ycnJIHH>> Aparo 367•
B Ha:tian:e oca,n;hl npaBHTeJILCTBO ne xone6anocL 6hl npep;ocraBHTh RoMMyHe
RRllHTYJIH·poBaTI,. qeThlpe MeCHn;a OCa,r:J;hl y6e.a;HJI'H Kpynnyro 6ypmya3RIO B TOM,
1ITo peBOJIR>IJ,lHOHepLI Ha KanHTyJIHD;HIO He non,n;yr. Bor rroqe}ry Tpomro, <l>aBp
JI AP· pemHJI'H BTHHYTL n CBOH 11epHhle ,IJ;eJia MapoB. Ilpe,ri;nonaraJIOCL, rq·ro MaphI
3aMel[JIT upaDHT0JlbCTBO B neperonQPaX C EIIc:wapROM li np:a IIO,!l;IIHCaHHH ycJIO
BH:Ü: nepeMBlJ)HH.
20 BJIBapH Maphl 6LIJIH npnrnameHhl na 3ace,n;aaHe npan11TeJihCTna. Tpom10
nyraJI HX I'OJIOJJ;OM II npe,IJ;cTO.m:u;eii HK06hI UOIIhlTKOÏI HeMu;en CIIJIOH B3HTb
Ilap11m H cp;eJiaJI 'll!M e,Boe IIe'llaJihBO 3IIaMeHIITOe npnaHaH'.IIe B TOM, qTO OH
Bc:er�a cqnTaJI o6opony Ilapn.m,a <<repOlfCIOORHM 6eayMIIeM>> 368• Ho M3phl ne
110,u.n;aBaJIHCh ua yroBOpLI li Il01ITH e,IJ;HHO)];ymHo OTRJIOHlIJilI caMyI- O ·MhlCJIL 0
Ra'ImTYJIHD;HH. ÜHH llOTpOOoBaJI:e: opraHH3aIJ;lHI !laCCOB'OH BLI.;Ja3K'H II, no CJIO
B aM BaJ(aTeJIH npaBHT0JlhCTBeHHhlX ·npoTOKO:IOB, «yMO;I.HJIH Tpomro yc-ryIIHTh
KOMaHJJ;OBaHHe qeJIOBeKy, ROTop1:,1ii BCpHT J3 ycnex» 369•
R aroMy BpeMeHH necocTOHTeJihHOCTh Tpomro cra;i,a HaCTOJihKO HBHOÜ, qTo
BCe "IJieHLI npaBHT0JILCTBa, RpOMe ero caMoro, IIpHID;IH K BhIBO)J;Y O Heo6XO,Il;H
.MOCTH ero OTCTpaHe.HHH. IIo,n; nne�aTJI·eH'HeM ncTpeqn c ,M1apaM11 Tpomro corJia
ClIJIC..S 6hIJIO yihH c UOCTa rJiaBIJOROMaHp;yIOm;ero, coxpaBRB B CBOHX pyxax
IIOCT:Fd rnaBhl npaBHTeJihCTBa 11 ryoepHaropa Ilapnma. Ho Kor,ri;a ,n;eJio ,n;omno
.,n;o npHHHTIIH KOHKp0THOro ipe.meHHH, OH BJJWyr OTKa3aJICH OT CBOHX CJIOB. MHHl:I
C'D,pLI He pemHJilICL CM0CTHTL ero, II BOnpoc OCTaJICH HepemeHHLtM.
B Te me AHH 6LIJIH npIIHHThl Mepbl Ha cJiyqa.ii Hapo,iw:oro nocc'l'aHHH B IIa
pWKe. 19 HHBapH B paTymy 6blJIH BB0,ll;0Hhl BepHhle npaBHTeJILCTBY OTp.Hi.l];hl
M06HJILHO:Ü: rnap,IJ;HH, peryIDipHbIX BOHCK H maH,n;apMepHH 370• B H()l1Ib Ha 21-e
_11peq,eKT nonan;lf.H Rpeceou paccTaBHJI CBOHX JIIO;ri;eii n cTparerHqecxax nyHRTax
ropo,IJ;a H Ha IIOJJ;CTylfax K Ba>RHhlM 3,IJ;aHHHM 371•
BeqeipoM 21 HHBapH '1lJI0Hhl npaBIITe.T!LCTBa BJIOBh co6paJIHCb BM0.C-Te C ?trnpa
MH. HM COOOID;HJIH, "ITO reHepaJihl, C KOTOphIMH p;He:M KOHCYJihT-HpOBaJIHCb,
e�11uo,n;ymHo BLIC'KaOO.JJHCb IIpoTIIB rrpop;OJiiK0H'HH B00HHbIX .n;e:ifoTBH.Ü:. .¼>MBH
<wqenh ycTaJia. Hau;HoHaJILHaa rBap.n;nH c1pa.maJiaCh xopomo, Ho eii ne xna
TaeT OOThITa>> 372• CchIJIKa Ha MHeHHe reHepa.JIOB He y6eAHJia M31}}0B 'B Heo6xo
,il;HMOCTH RaIIHTYJIHD;BH. ÛHB Bh]lpa3HJIH COMHeHHe B o6'heRTHBHOCTR reHe-paJIOB
366
367
Procès-verbaux, p. 544, 547.
Ibid., p. 545, 548.
368 ApxHB MapKca n 3Hrem,ca, T. III (VIII), cTp. 101. BhlnHCKlI Ha raaeT.
369 Procès-verbaux, p. 553.
370 •Le Combat», 22 janvier 1871; Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18
•mars, t II, p. 469.
371 E. C r e s s on. Op. cit., p. 219-220.
372 Procès-verbaux, p. 558-559.
221
IIO '()THOme11uno R Hau;noHaJil>HOH rBap;:i;HH. l.IJieHaM IJJpaBHTeJihCT'Ba IIpllillJIOCn.
rroo6em;aTI, C03BaTh Ha CJI-e-):l;yrom;Hiî ,n;eHI, HOBOe COBem;aHHe C yqaCTlI0M oq>lffl;e
lPOB 6onee Hrrmnrx 1paHroB. lIToohl yoJiaiRHT:b M3fPOB, Tpomro saHBHJI, qTo oTirn8hIBaer, c.a OT )];0JIIBHOCTH rJiaBHOROMa:H,n;yro!I(ero, lI rrpe)VIO.IB:lIJI Ha CBOe M0CTO·
reHepaJia BHHya, Tecrro CBH3aHHoro, RaK H oH caM, c <f>pam:l;yac1w:ii ajp-'IICToRpa
Trreiî 373• Ho 1rnn;a;up;aTypa 6onanaprncTa Bnnya, aanHTHiaBmero ce6,i mecToRoii
paciljpaBOH ·C pecrry6.1:m:RaHu;aMn B ,n;eRa6pe 1851 r., 6IdJia CJIHillROM 0Alf03HOH,.
If ee ûTRJIOHHJUI OOJil,illlf.HCTBO:\I roJIOCOB.
RaK pas B 0TOT MOMe.HT rrpaBn:Te.1n,c·TBO noJiyqHJio coo61Il;eH1He o6 ocBo6om-
p;eH1H1 <l>Jiypanca lI3 TIOphMhI. Ilop; BII01IaTJieHHeM ::noii B0CTH qJi eHLI npaBH
T0JlbCTBa He,Mep;JieHHO 3aOhlJUI O C,BOHX pa3HOrJiaC'B:HX. PeayJILTaTl>I rOJIOCOBa
HlI.H 6:hIJilI aHHYJUIP,OBaHhI, n:, KaR CRa3aHo B npOTOKOJie, «Bce npaBHTeJihCTBO·
CIIJIIOTIIJIOCI, BOKpyr CBOero reHepaJia>> 374• BHaya ÔhIJI Ha3HR'IeH rJiaBHOKOMaH
,!zyIOID;lIM. Ilpa.BlI'T0JihCTBO co6HpaJIOCh BOopy.meHHOii CJHJIOH BCTpeTlITI, Tex, RTO,
XOT0JI 1IpO)];OJiiR8TI, 6opooy C BparoM.
Yme 20 HHBapH B neROTOphIX pa:iioHax IlapHiKa CTH
BoccTaBBe 22 JIHBaps.r XHHHO B-03HlIIŒJllI aHTIH!IIpaBHT0JibCTB0HHhle MaH'lI"'e'il
B ero DOA8BJJeBBe
crau; 1:1H. Cnhlma.1111c1> noarnacl>I «,[(oJio:o:� Tpom10!» 375_
Ha cnep;yrom;ee yTpo B BeJI:bBJIJie II MonMap-rpe ITO.Il; 3ByKH 6 aipa6aHHoro 60.a
c-o6paJIHCI, rpyIIDhl qaCTI1IO BOopy.meHHLIX, lllaCTMO HeooopymeHHhlX HaD;rJIOHaJib
HLIX rBapp;eful;eB 376• Be11epoM B RJIYO rrp11mJia Macca Haipo,Il;a. 3JJ;ech 1rr:powaHo-
CHJIHC:b CTpacTHhle p0'11H B IIOJIL3Y RoMMyHl>I, npomB rrpaBH'l'0JII,CTBa H ero
UOJillTHim. B IIOJIHO"'I:b OTpHp; Har:t;HOHaJILHbIX rBapp;eiîn;eB rrpoH:O:K B Maaac
H OCBOOO)];lIJI <l>Jiy1PaHca II µ;pyrHX peBOJIIOD;'HOHepoB.
ÜCBo6om,p;eHHhlii II3 TIOp:bMI,l <I>nypaHC He upe,Il;IIplIHHJI B'IIRaRlIX ,Il;SHCTBHii ..
lJacT:b Har:t;lIOHaJihHI,lX rBapp;eiiu; eB XOTeJia OCBOOOll;HTh apec·ToBaHHI,lX H3 TIOp:b
Ml>I Roncoep.mepn, Ho ct>..zypaHc ·rrpeA'[loqeJI OTrrpaBIIT:bCJI B ,Mapnro XX oKpyra.
He BCTpeTJIB 3p;ec1:, coorpoTHBJieHHH H aaH.HB 1trnp1uo 6ea 6opL61>I, <I>JJypaHc ocTaJI
c·11 B He:ii p;o yr.pa. 20-ro YTPOM OH iIIOIIhITaJICH COOBaTI, crop;a KOMa.Hll;HpOB
6aTaJI:bOHOB, HO Ha ero 30B 'He OIIR:.rn:RHYJIC..H 'Il1()qTlI HHKTO. Tor):(a OH JIORHHYJJ
M1ap1no H p;aJI:bHe:iimero yqacTHJI B co6hlmHX 22 HHBapH He DpHHHJI.
To me Momno cKa3aT:b o B;rra1nrn. He BepH B ycnex noccTaH:o:H, Ho :o: H&
meJiaH MemaTb p;eiicTBlUIM CBOllX p;py.aeiî, OH BCe YTPO rrpocup;eJI B Ka(j>e rrepe.zt
pa-rymeiî 'li C TpeBoro:ft B AYJIIe BhURlI;J;a..'I, 1KaR pa3BepHyrcH co6LITHH 377• Hep;a
JieRO OT Kaq>e, 1I3 RBapTliphI, ORHa ROTotpOH BhlXOWJJIH Ha IIJIOIQap;h PaTymH,
CJiep;HJI 3a pa3B8pTbIBaHIIel:1 co6hITllH ,il;eJT81ŒI03 378• IlacCRBHaH ll03HD;HH Tpex
BHp;HeHIIIHX npe::i;cTaBIIT8;[8Il 1peBOJIIOD;lIOHHhlX Macc IIapHma CBlI�0T0JILCTBO
BaJia O TOM, qTO HaqaBmeecH Hapop;Hoe ;rJ;BIIIBeH:o:e 61>IJI0 Jlliill0HO e,ll;IIHOro pyRo
BO,D;CTBa, oorJiaCOBaHHOCTII ;i;eiiCTBIIH, oôm;eii nporpaMMhl.
RBapTHpa, B ROTopoiî Haxo;::i;mrn.a .D;eJieR.JII03, cTaJia na BpSMH III"M.6oM Pec
eyôJI:aKaHcKoro a.JIMIHca. YTpo.M 22 HHBap,i 6Mna pacRJieeHa no ropo,rcy II ony6JilIIWBaHa B HBKO'I'Op:bIX ra3eTax npooma:&rn.qJI.H 9TOH opraHnaan;:o:H, IIOJJ; KOTOpOÜ1
CTOHJIO 6onee 50 rro;i;rrIIce.ii. Cpe;::i;II iIIop;rrHcaBmHxcH OMJIJI HeoHK06li'.Hn;M JJ;ene
RJII03, Paaya 11 rrpy.D;OHHCT ApHy, HO npeo6Jiap;aJI•H 6ypmya3Hae pap;HKaJIId Jiep;pro-PoJIJieH, TonJI PeB11fton n nx p;pya1>H. Y1rnahlBaH, qTO -.u;e:iiCTBIDI nnacTeii
RaR 61:,1 paOO"III"D3Hhl aa TO, •qT06n1 BhlBeCTII IlapHm 'H3 TeprrenJIH, aBTopLI npo
KJiaMan;:o::o: 8aHBJI.HJI11: <<Hapo;a; xol!eT 6opoThCH :o: no6e]l;HTI,. ConpoT:o:BJIHThCH
BTOMY - aHaqli'T rrpoBon;HpoBaTh rpam,n;aHcRyro Boiîny, Koropoii pecnyonmcan373
'374
375
376
377
iH. Gui 11 e min. Op. ci,t. <<Te-mps modernes», .M ft24, p. ,11585, 158'9.
Procès-verbaux, p. 561.
Ibid., p. 553.
E. Cresson. Op. cit., p. 219-220.
M. Vu i 11 a u me. Op. cit., IX, p. 52; N. S te w art. Blanqui. Lond on, 193l}:-
p. 279-280.
378 A. Arn o u 1 d. Op. cit. , p. ï2.
222
l�bl XOT0JIH 6hl H36e:maTb)). IlpoRJiaMaD;lUI IljpHabIBaJia B T81I0HHe 48 1IaC-OB H36pa-Th «CYB�enny10 accaMOJieIO na ,n;Byxcor qJieHoB>> 379• He rrpuahlBaH K Boopy-
meHHOMY BOCC'.M.HBIO 11 K HaCHJibCTB0HHOMY CBepmeHRIO upaBHT8JlbCTBa, Pec
rry6JIHKaHCKBH aJIMIHC BLICRa3bIBaJICH q>aKTHqeCKH B IIOJib3 y aaM0Hhl npaBH-
TeJihCTBa ROMMyno:ë:.
Ily6JIKKYH wry upoKJiaMan;H10 H B033BaHHe PecrryÔJIHKaHcK-oro coroaa, TaK
me I1fPB3LIBaBmee R coa,n:aimro napHmcKoiî aiocaMoJieH, raaeTa <<Le Combat>>·
cnpaB8)VUIBO yKa3MBaJia, 1I"TO o6a ,n:oKyMeHTa BhI,n:BHraJIJf Tp,e6ouaRHe RoM
MYHlal 380,
22 HHBapH 6LIJio uocKpOCeJihe. YTpo Bhl,n:aJiocb Mopoanoe -H o6Jia1IHoe. .I(o,
IIOJIYJ:UIH B ropop;e OLIJIO T.u:xo, nJJom;a,n:h rrepe,r,; paTyrneii 6hIJla no1ITH nycTa 381•
Ho r11paBJITeJJ1,cTBO yme naqaJio CBOH rrpuroTOBJieHJUI. B 9 qacoB yTpa Boii:cxa.
H manp;apMepHH 6LIJIH cocpe,n:OT01I0HLI Ha Em:1ceii:CKHX IIOJIHX H Ha IIO,lJ;CTYIIax
K Be-JibBHJIIO. BaTaJJbOHLI MOOHJI1>Hoiî rBapAHH rroJiyqHJIH npnKaa :aaHHTh MO
CThl. Boi-c-Ka reH�aJia ):(IOKpo 6LIJ1H rIIOCJiaH:hl Ha IIJIOIQ,8,Il;b CorJJa.CHH n K n;epR
BH Cen-OrIOCTeH 382• BLIJI yc.HJien H rapHH30H paTYm·n.
IlJiaH Bn-Hya 38.KJIIO'IaJICH B TOM, qToo:hI OTPH;J;bl Han;nonaJibHOH rBap)J;HH ,
co6paBmHecH na nJiom;ap;n y parymn, ORaaaJIHcb Me.H-c,n:y ;J;Byx orHei - Mem,n:y
rapHH�OHOM paTymH H BO'JIHCKHMH qacTHMll:I, rorn:raBilllL.'1HCH C yKpeIIJI0HlIH H
oxpalffl. J:(JIH aToii n;eJIH K paTyme 6hIJla HanpaBJiena apn1miep1rn:. OrrpaB,n:brnaa
Iro,rtfOTOOJIHBmyIOOH pacrrpauy, KoMaH)J,yrom;ni Han;uoHaJibHoii: rBap.ri,ueft RJIe· 11an ToMa yTpou 22 HHBaJPH orry6nirKoBaJI 1IIpoB0Kan;rroHHoe B033Baane. 3aHBIŒ,.
1ITO «KY1IIŒ CMyTLHHOB» BQJ>BaJiaCL B TIOtpbMY Ma3ac H IILITaJIRCb aaxBaTHTL
M3pl1IO :XX OKpyra, ToMa l(Jl0B0THH1IecKH aaHBJIH.1, lfTO B TO BpeMH KaK H0MD;hl.
6oMOHT Ilapnm, «MHTemHRRe: rrp.Hcoe,n:HHHIOTCH R HIIM, 1ITOOhI c·opBaTb 060poHy» 383.
ÛKoJio 1Iaca �HH na IJIJIOID;a,n:n uepe,n; paTymeii 6b1Jia yme 6oJihmaH TOJirra,
BO Han;.HOHaJILHhIX rsap,n:eih:J;eB 6LIJIO em;e MaJio. CJibIID8JIHCh B03rJiaCLI npOTHB·.
npaBHT:0JILCTBa, aa RoMMyny. B parymy HBHJiacb gem:}ran;nH Peciny6JI»Kanc1wro
aJILJIHca. YBH,IJ;0B IIpOB0�0HHhle 3,IJ;OCI:, B08HHI:,Ie Ilf)l:ITOTOBJieHIIH, p;eJieraTbl 8a
OHJIH oT6o:ë:. Mx pyxoBO,IJ;HTeJII:. PeBHHOH aaHBHJI, 1IT0 neT -nu1mKHX Ha}:(em,rt.
B3HTb Bepx na,rt npaBHTeJibCTBOM 384•
Ra aTOM q>aKTlfll0CKH 3aRoHqHJJOCb yqaCTHe 1IJieHOB Pec.ny6JIHKaHCROr()..
8JIJ>JIHCa B COOhITHHX 22 HHBél;pH. <<8TH JIIOJ);H IIO;'];CTpeKaIOT nac, HO Kor,n:a Ha
CTytnaer Bp0MJI HBHTbCH Ha MeCTO o6opa, OHlI OCTaIOTCH ;J;OMa>>,- 3aHB'IIJI B TOT
me Be"llep rro 11x 8Apecy OAHH pa601IHH B· RJJy6e <DaBbe 385. EYipmyaaai.rn pa�R
KaJILI C 00.MOfO naqaJia He ,n:yMaJIH O BOopyme.HHOH 6oph6e. MnorHe H3 HHX
6LIJIH BCTp0BO}R0Hhl ocB06om;:y;eHHeM <DJiypaHca H 60.R:JIHCb «KpacHoro 1rrp1rnipa
Ka», m,yrHe TPYCHJI.H rrepe-,n: JIHD;OM B00HHbIX irnp rrpruŒT0JibCTBa.
Orxo,n; 6yp mya3HLIX IIOilYTtIHKOB He OTIIyrey:i TPY,J;HITJ;HXCH. .D:BnmeHHe·
napacTaJIO. 8 TpeTh0M qa.cy ;J;HH TOJTIIa y paTymu HaCtIHThIBaJJa OKOJIO meCTH
TI:.IC.H·q 1IeJI0BeK 386• Cro;:i;a cTeIOO.JIIICh 6araJihOH:hI RaIJ,1:10HaJihROH rBap,n;nu. Ha,
y�e PHBOJIH BhICTpOHJICH OTpH,n: 6aTR.Hb01IhIWB BO r.JiaBe C MaJIOHOM. 101 6a
TaJILOH npH.OLIJI ,no_;i; PY'ROBOJJ;CTBOM .D:roBaJIH H OCBo6om;:i;eHHOro H-01IbIO lI3 TJOII)b
Mbl Maaac Jieo MeJII:.e . .IlpllIIIJIH oTpH,n:hl, B03rJiauJieHRLie Ca11ua, AJIJIHRCOM
H _n;p. HOKoTopLie 6a-raJihOHfil nan;ruoHaJihHoÎÎ rBapp;HH, AO aToro BhIIBII,n;aRrnne··
1
«Le Réveib, 22 janvier 1871; Murailles, t.
«Le Co mbab, 22 janvier 1.871.
381
M. Vu i 11 au m e. Mes cahiers rouges aux
1909, p. 233.
382
Gén. V i n o y. L'Armistice et la Commune,
383 Murailles, t. I, p. 788.
384 M. Vuillaume. Mes cahiers rouges, v. VIII,
385 A. Arnould. Op. cit., t. I, p. 71.
386
Gen.
' V 1. n o y. 0p. c1·t., p. 1·;,:,,
379
380
I, p. 791.
temps de la Commune,
.J
ed. Paris,.
Paris, 1872, p. 10-13.
p. 46.
223
HJUI ROJie6aBIIIIŒCH, nepem.,111 Ha cropoHy BOCCTaBIIIHX. TaK rrpH.MKHyJia K BOC
CTaHHIO poTa 207-ro 6araJibOHa, IIO�OIII0)J,IIIaH K paTyme C B03rJiacaMH «.na
a,n;paBCTByer KoMMyHa ! >> 387.
B aTo Bpe111a lllo;::i;a, uoMOID;HH.K <l>eppn:, nplIHHMaJI B paTyme )J,eJieran;1110
Ha:a;Ho.HaJib'HbIX rBap;:i;eiin;eB BO rJiaBe C Ra1rn:TaHO:M MoHTe.JJ:eM, 'I'pe60BaBrny10
1 .
OTCTaBKH q.1J8HOB npaBHTeJibCTBa H 3aMeHhl HX 60Jrne crroco6HhIMH JIIO)J,bM H
illo,u;a OTIW3aJI-C.H BeCTH o6 3TOM neperoBOphl. Me:m)J;y TeM B030y:m�eHHe Ha
IlJIO I:a;a;r:i,11 BCe YCIIJIIIBaJIOCb. HeKOTOphle OTpH,n;LI Ha:a;HOHaJibHOH rBapµ;Hll IlblTa
JIHCb npoHIIJ{HYTb B paTyrny qepes IO'.mHbie BOpOTa 388• 8 a· roT MOMeHT pa3)J,aJie.a
cJiy,11aiiHhIH n.Jn1 npoBOIŒIJ;IIOHHhl:Ü Bbicrpe.11. B OTBeT Ha nero ·MOOHJibHLie rBap
;i;eiiu;1,1 li COJI,AaThl OTKpI:.IJIH 00fJlhIH OfOJib IH3 OR-OH paTyIIIH IIO 3a'IIOJIHHBIII0H
'IlJiom;ap;b TOJI11e. Ha:a;110HaJI1>Ha.a rBap,u;:aH orBeTR.,'la oocrpeJioM iPaTyma:. Ilepe
erpe.JIKa npo,n;oJI.maJiacb oKoJio qeraepnr qaca. ITJioIQa)];b onycrena, H na neË:
OCTaJIOCb OKOJIO IIHTH)�0CHTH qeJIOOOK YOHThlX H fPaHeHLIX, 6oJihIIIHHCTBO KOTO
phlx C-OCTaBJIHJIH iR0HI:a;HHhI H HeBOOpyme.HHhle Ha:I�llOHa.JlhHLI8 rBap.n;e:ün;LI.
T.ŒmeJio 61,1JI paHeH II Bc:nope c1wnqaJics: Can:e:a. Ha raipn:u:aona paTym»
o;:<HH co�aT 61,1JI y6nr II o,rµrn ipaHeH 389• IlOCJie aroro Boii:c1m BHnya BauaJIH
rpeBCKYIO IIJIOJ:a;ap;h H IIpHMhlK3IOIIJ;He K Hei YJilU.\LI. Ha11aJIHCb MaCCOBbie
a,pe<:TLI.
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BhICTyIIJiemm: Ha1Me-11aJICH C0I0 3 M -em;i:cy pa6o'IB!M KJiaCCOM H nepe)J;OBLD('H, naT
pHOTH11eC.KHMll 3JN�MeHTaMH 6yp »rya3RH. IlpaBµ;a, 6ypmya3HLie 6araJibOHhl,
o6em;aBmHe BhIC'TYIIHTb, He IIpHIIIJIH Ha UOMOI:a;L, HO Bce me noroi;epm.Ka �ana
oo6a 3HaTb: B OTJinq:ae OT 31 OKTH6pa, ·Korp;a 6ypmya3HL10 6aTaJILORLI nan;B.o
Ha.JH,HOH rBapJ);HH uocnemn;m Ha IIOMOI:a;h ·JJŒ)aBHT0JlbCTBY, .Ha 3TOT paa ru,> He
no,rv:i;epmaJI IIOtITH HlI O,IJ;lIH 6aTaJI1>on.
Ho n: pa601111e 6aTaJI1:.0uhl ne Bce OT.KJIH.KHYJlllCb Ha aon. Be11epoM 22 HHBapa
B RJiy6e <l>aB1>e He.Korophle oparop1,1 OÔBWH.H.JIB opraHH3aTopoB BhICTY')1JI8HHH
00JibBHJlhD;·0B B rraCCHBHOCTH. ITpHqHH naccHBHOH II03HI:{1IH 'tlaCTH pa60'IHX 6LIJio
H0C.KOJibRO. MnorHX ,n;eaopraHH30BaJIO coo6m;eHHe 06 OTCT3BK0 Tpomro, HO HaH
OOJiee nepe)];o.BLIX Jiro,n;eii Bec-r1> o naaHaqeHHH Bu:nya, Hao6opoT, TOJJIKaJia Ha
BOCCTaH:e:•e 390 • r;1,aBHOe 6hIJIO B OOJiblliOH ycTaJIOCTH M:aec R B H0B0pHH B B03MOïRHOCTb ll3M0HlITb lIO.,ïOïReme:e 391• Ho OTPHJJ;hl, KOTOpLie HBB.JUICb na IlJIO
·i:a;a,u;1,, o6Hajpy,RHJIH 6oJJLmoe MY>ROCTBO. ÛHH .B.e ;i;porByJIH, KOr�a !110 HUM flLIJI
-OT.Kpnl'l' Ol'OHb. CoxpanHJia<�b rraMHTh o repoII3Me craporo pa6011ero lliaua Ma
.Jieabe, MOJioµ;oro 6apa6aHm;H.Ka c-ryJJ;eHTa BycKe, 6JiaHRJICTa Ca1JIHa H APYrHx
peBüJIIO:a;HoRepoB, cpamaBill'llXCH H norHOIIIlIX B :}TOT �eHL 392•
BoJibllIOH RHTepec HCTOpHKO'B npHBJI0KJIH BOIIpOChl O TOM, KTO nepBhlii: or
.KphIJI Ol'OHh 22 HHBa PH H OT :noro HCXO)J;WI 11p:aKa8 CTpeJUITh B 'HajpO)J;, PeBO
JIIOIJ;HOHHhle Kpyrn o6BMHillIII B 3TOM illol);3. H 3TO CTaJio rJiaBHOH 11IpH411HOH
-ero pacc'I1PeJia B ,n;HH RoMMYHhl. IIpaBhl:Ü IItPY'AOHHCT, o.a aaMe�aJI <l>eppu: B
3'T01' ,u;eHb B paryme. <DpaH:a;yaCRHH peaRI�HOHHLIH ·HCTOpHK Jlapoira c.,AeJiaJI
IIOIIhlTKY )];OKaaaTb IIOJIHYIO neBH.HOBHOCTb illo,iç3 393 • IlpHBeJJ;0HHLI0 HM p;CYKy
MeHThl ocraBJIHIOT owphIThlM BOOljpüC, OT,n;aJI JIH HM0HHO mo�a np1nma CTpe
JHITb. Ho OHH He ocTaBJHIIOT CO}lneHJIH B TOM, 'ITO 3TOT IlfPHKa3 6LIJI ]{aH B paTy
me, a ne na nJioi:a;a;:nI, qro HaqaJin cTpe:iHTb H3 paTymn.
Ibid., p. 16.
M . Vu i 11 au me. Mes cahiers rouges, t. V.JII, 'HU3, p. 46.
389 Gén . V in o y. Op. cit., p. 18.
390 G. Da Costa. Op. cit., t. 3, p. 190; A. A r n ould. Op. dt., p. 9.4; E. Lepelle
tier. Histoi re de la Com mune de 1871. Par is , 1911, t. I, p. 105.
391 G. L e fr a n ça i s. Op. cit., p. 113.
392 J. Va 11 ès . Jean Malezieux. tLe Cr i du peuple,. Paris, 1953, p. .236-237;
M. Vu,i 11 au me. Op. cit., t. VIII, p. 67-72.
393 G . L a r o nze. Histoire de la Commune de 1871. Paris, 1928, p. 415-426.
387
388
:224
CTpeJI1>60:ü y paTymH c-o61>1uu1 22 JIHBapH ne orpaH1P1u.n:11c1,. ll�rnIOTCJI ;:i;att
Hhie o IIO:IIhlTKe rpy1111J.I penoJI10n;noHH1:.1x paôo11:rrx 3aHJITh :!1.ŒpHIO XVIII oRpy
ra 394• Ha yJI:n:n;e B]ï[KTop:n:n 6h!Jia rrocTpoeHa 6app:mrn;::i;a 395• B TffqeHHe Bcero
Be1:Iepa Mymq1u1LI, lli0Hlll;HHhl H .ri;ame .ri;eni IlnITa."TJIJCb ôpaTaTbCH C coJIµ;aTaMH:
yroBapnBaJTn IIX He CTpeJIHTh B CBOHX 6paTl:.€B 396•
BhlC'TYIIJieHHH 22 HHBapH, l{aK n 31 ORTH6prr, npn:na,:i;:remaJIH K Te:M pa6o
�IIM BOCCTaHHHM rrepno;a;a oca;a;1,1, ROTOp.bie, RaI-. yI-ta3hIBa;J MapRc, <m:peJJ,cTaB
JUIJIH co6o:ü IlOIIhlTKII 3a:�reHJITL npaBRT€.lhCTBO y3yprraTopOB KoM:MyHOH)) 397•
11pan;a;a, <l>aBp IThITaJICH IIOTOM ,IJ;O'na3aTh, lJTO pa6oqne BhlcryrraJIH 22 HHHap.A
.1IIID.I, np<)TIIB qJieHOB npaBHTeJihCI'Ba, HO (<He rrpoTIIB oo m;ecTBa» 398.
XoTH BhlcTynJieHne 22 HHBapH 11."IaH11poBa.1oc1> eme c Hatia:ra Mec�a, nop;
roTOBKa K He.My 6MJrn BCe me H0,D;OCTaTffl.IHOÎÎ. OpraHrrJaJ�lHl HnrepHaIJ;JIOIIaJIU
B IIapnme n Ha 3TOT paa ocTaJIHCb B cTopoHe. Py1-.ono,::vnu:aH poJih Ko1111TeTa
fUITH H BOOOill;0 1(1{ 20 ORpyrOB qyBCTBOBa.1ach C.1.a60. fio�IOIIJ;b, Oil�H)];8Bllla.JICJI
oT apTHJL'IepHiieKoro rrap1-m Ha�nona.i:nnoü rnap;::i;nn: rai� n He rrpHm:rn. E;i::i;n
Horo pyKOBO;:J;CTBa He 6bl:IO.
Or IIO;(BJHa Tex, KIO BOCCTa.:I 22 HHMlpH, BC'eT TI)aI'IJ3)lO}I. 0;1,ymeB.::reHHbie
:vre1IT0:Ü o JiylffileM Mnpe, -c .Tio3yHro�r h'.o:\ntyHLI na ycrax, oHII B rroc:rep;HHH
!\1Ifr IlbITaJIHCb IIOBepHyTh XOl]; cppaHnü-IIpyccIWfI BOÜHhl JI II3:\1eHHTh cy;i::t;WY
cBoeii po]];HHhI. IloTepneB nopa.meIDie, rro6eaqenHhie pacqucTU.:nr rryT1> R ,HoBo:ü
peBo.r110.q1n1. «18 MapTa,- crrpaB€;J;.:IHBO rrnca.i- Mi:lKCin1 BmïoM,- 61>mo BO MHO
roM IIJIOA"O)f TOfO me OfüeCTOlleHH.H, ROTOpoe nopo;u1:rn 31 ORTH.6p.H II 22 HH
B8pH)) 399.
9. C.J;A qA IIAPIIiRA
Cpaay rroc:rn RpoBaBoü pacrrpaB1>1 Ha,:i; Hapo,:i;H1,n111
IIpaBBTeJIJ,CTBCHHhle
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penpeccBB
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IJ()CJie COÔYTBÜ
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22 HHB3p11
BHemHe)1y npary. <<IlpaBIITC.'lbCTBO C-llvnaer cnoeii
3a,::1;aqeii oxpaHy Ilüp.H,J;IŒ,- fOBOpII:IOCb B npon.'1R�IaUJTII,- H OHO IICUO.:'IHHT
CBOÏI ,IJ;OJII� 4oo.
Iior,r,;a npoR:raMan;n:10 pac1we1rna:rn Ha y.111nax na pnr1-.a, n ropo�e yme III.Ta
apeéThl. Boiic1-mM B»Hya, 0Rpy.mnnm1nr rrJI01.qa;:i;h y paTyIIIH cpaay rroc.rre
OKOH'qaHHH CTpeJn,6hl, y�a:IOCb 3a,::i;epRŒTh .:J1HIIIh 12 Hau;rrnHa.'1bHbIX rBap}];eH
u;en 401. ÛHII apOOTOB3.JlII RO)faH,J:11tpa 101-ro 6anl:ThOHa, KOTOpnIH 1IIpIImeJI B
paTyrny B 1-.atieCTB-e nap:ra:\ŒHTepa, 1IT06hI rrpnocTaHOBIITh y6n:iiCTBeHHblli
orOHb 402• B TOT m-e .n;eHh 6hlJI OT,J;aH npIIna3 06 apeere :.\IHOHIX COT8H .TfIO,J;eii 403.
3ap;epmaTb nx BCex He yp;a:roc1>, HO OR0.'10 cTa TieJioBen, cpep;H HHx )'.Le:reRJII03,
6bIJIO apecTOBaHO. 24 HHBapH n IIIeCTJ{ TIO."IJII,eÜCRIIX napeTax, IIO;:l: ycHJieHHOJi
oxpaHoÏI .n::Byx acKa,n::poHOB KaBa.ï•epan, nx nepene3an n BeHceHHCNnii <f>opT 404.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 381; {<Le Combat>>,
23 janvier 1871.
395
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 133.
396
Gén. Vi n o y. Op. cit., p. 19.
397 K. Ma pK c. Brnpo:ii na6pocoK {<fpaa;:,1aHc1wn: so:Ü:Hbl so <Dpamvrn>>. K Ma p R c
rr <D. 3Hre.'lbC. Co"tI., T. 17, cp. 596.
398
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 44.
399
M. Vui,Uaume. Mes cahiers rouges, t. VII, p. 143.
400 Murailles, t. I, p. 787.
401
Gén. Vi n o y. Op. cit., p. 18.
402 Procès-verbaux, p. 564�565.
403 G. Le f r a nça i s. Op. cit., p. 114.
404
<<La Guerre illustrée>>, 1 fevrier 1871, p. 432.
3 4
1:i
15
fiapllffiCl·(afl HOMMYHa. T.
I
225
TaM HX B ymacHo:ii cR:rrrnnIWCTII npo,w;ep:HŒJUI BOCe�u, .J;Heii B xo�"'IO,riH0)1, HC
TOIIJIHHH0:\:1 'IIOMern;enJnI 405•
BJIHYa II Hpecc-oH .n;ofürnaJIHCh ooa,DJa:HJJJI noJieBhIX CYAOB )VIH 6hICTpOii pae
npaBhl c apeCTOBaHHbIMI1. IlpaBIITe.TfbCTBO He pemHJIOCh Ha :no. 3aro KOJUPie
CTBO BOeHIII,IX cy�on OhI.ïO Y,J;BOeHo 11 cy;:i;e6HaH rrpou;e;zypa yc.Kopeaa 406•
raseT1,1 <<Le Réveil>> n <<Le Combat>> 6hIJIH aaKphITJ.I. BhIJI na�aH p;eRpeT
0 3a1"lphITHII pH.n;a 1rnpO,J;HhIX R:Iy6on. B:raCTH onacaJIHCI,, qTo 3aKphITHe 3TllX
1rnyiooB BbI3oneT conponrn:i:eHHe. Ho p;eJio o6ornJIOCb 6ea HHu;Hp;eHTOB. Bos
l\i.l•OïRHO, "lJTO orrpep;e::reHHOe B:IIlHIIlle ONasa,;in 3aHBJieHIUI ,rrpaBHTe,m,CTBa II reHe
paJia h'..ae�·rnHa To�rn, nocae NOTOphl:x JIHonrn rroBepn:in, 1ITO 1IipaB11TeJI1,cTBC>
rOTOBll'T ,em;e op;no BOeHHOe ycH:uie, li 6oH.'IIICh IIOMemaTI, 3TOMY 407• ,IJ;yx Ilapn
ma BO BCJIROJI CJiyqae ne 61,1.-1 C.;I01l.i":IeH. B HOqh C 23 na 24 JIHBapH B n-eKoTOphIX
paiioHax ropo�a 6u::m B na6aT, Il!pon:iexoAJŒH BOJIHeIIllUI. IlonomeHHe 6hIJIO
HaCTOJihNO ceph83IlhDI, "l!TO npamue.:n,,cTBY rrpIIIII."'IOCh Tihl3Ba·TI, BOÜ<ma 408•
<<BoeHHaH ;:i;1nnarypa>> - rai, xapaNTepnaoBa.'Ja no."IHTHKY npaBIIT' eJibCTBa
ra3eTa <<Le Rappel>>. Oua rrpe;.i:cna3hIBa:rn, 4TO aa cBepmeHIIeM Tpomro nacTy
ITHT Teppop l(aBeIIh.Hirn 409. I-foinieHTnpyH 3aMeHy reHepana Tpomro renepa
JIOM BnHya na nocTy r.--rnnn01,01iaH1.u·10m;ero, He.KoTophle 6yp.mya3Hhle raaeTJ,r
yRa3I»IBa;Iu, "l!T'O C yxo;:1;011 Tpomro ;:J;:OCTIIrHy•Ta <<'CKOpee <fmpMaJI:&HaH, 1I8M no;i;
.mnIHaH rrepcMeHa no::m TIINII >> 4 10•
IIo6e.ri;a Ha;::i; napo,::i;Hhl:\ill .lrnccaslrn: pac11Hcr1:1J1a npaBJJ
3am1101:JeHBc
re.·n,,cTBY
nyTh K :narrHry:un:vnr. Ho oao Bce eiu;e pac-
nepeMBpun
c 1mrum1.-10 coBepillllrh ee qyoo:nm rpYKa'MilI. ,L.(HeM
22 JIHBapn B no1reru;PHIIII �1n11ncrepcrna npocnem;en1u1 no� rrpe�cep;aTeJihCTB0�1
lliIOJHI CK.\iOHa ,COCTOJI:IOCI, coneru;anue ROMaHAHoro COCTaBa. renepa;ibl' C-HOBa
BhICRa3aJIIICI, rrpoTIJil upouo.-1aœH1I.ll noeIIIIhlX ;i;eiiCTBHii. HenOTOpI,Ie Oq>IIn;ephI
33HBIIJIH, "IJ:TO no C 1mra10T o6opony oeaHa)];eiliHOii. 0;:i;HH IIO.-:IROBHHR [IO}I;Bepr
RoMaH,ri;onamrn peanoü r.:punme 3a onepar(mI rrpn BroaeHnaJJe. On noA"{epKHy:r,
1ITO rrpe�e 1!0:.\1 ;:i;y�rnTh O NaIIIIT)\1HU,IIll. ua;i:o IIOIIbITa ThCH npopBaTb 6JioRaAy
Ilapnarn, a ,:::i;.Trr :noro. npo.aqe nccro. n1eHHTh noennoe NOMaHp;oBanne 411•
B 3THX ycJIOilIIHX HOJH:,Ie IIOTihlTI�II npamneJII,C,TBa npHB:J.·ff'Ih MapoB R Bep;e
RHIO :rreperoBopon C Il('::\IeIV�lL\III B:IaCTHJIH He fD.le."IU ycnexa. •«Ilpaim:TeJIJ,CTBO
c ca110ro nall3�la 0-qi11uua.1F,1w Jamm.10,- ID1ca;r lrnp XVIII oRpyria Rm�MaH
co,- 1ITO OHO BH;J;IIT B HaC TO:Ihl-.0 areHTOB HCIIOJHIITe;[hHOH B:IaCTH... Cero,n;HH
HM y)];OOHO ,:::i;e:rnTI� BU;{, "l!TO OHIT C ,Ha�IH COBeTyIOTCH, qroÔhI Ha.MIi IIpHKpI,J
BaThCH... Brn: rocrro;a;a B3}L111 na ce6H OTBeTCTBCHHOCTb 3a Be;:t;eHIIe ,J;e.JI, rrycTh
OIIH HecyT ee .n,o JiOHD;a>> 412.
Iloc.rrn on,a3a .�rnpon B3HTb na ce6H neperoBopbI o rrepe�\Inpm-1 npaBHTC:Ib
CTBO IIOBe:rn HX ne TO:TT,l,O OT IDieHn Ilapnarn, HO JI OT HM0HJI <l>paHu;HII B n;e30M. )];,o 3Toro 00.lbIIIIIHCTBO 1I.leHOB npamITe:IbCTBa ClJIITa:rn, 1JTO peqb '.MOilieT
H)];TR TOJibRO O cy;i;n6o CTO.lIIUhI. «Ilpamne:JhCTBO,- 3aHBJIHJI, nanpincep, Jleq>
JIO,- 1rnmer ne-cTn ne,prrosopbl .iumL o c,n;aqe Ilapttma. a He o :\IRJ)e» 413. Ta1w
Ba me 6bl:rn II03IID;IlH r a,r6eTThI. 1-.oropyro OH BhICRa3hIBaJI B CBOHX IlIIChMax
H ;i;euemax q:iena�r npamne:n,crBa B Ilap11ine. Terrepb <f>aBp, K0Top:&1i 11 paBh
me CilOH.'I sa TO, 1IT'Oûhl ;coronopnTbCil O NailRTY.:IHUilil BCeii 'CTpaHhl, cy.)Œ:r
;n;o6HThCH CBoero.
G. L e fr a n ç ai s. Op. rit., p. 1 H.
Proûs-Yerbaux, p. 466.
407 G. Da Costa. Op. cit., p. 355.
408 GPn Vin o y. Op. cit. p. 22, 2 'i: En quête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18
,
mars, t. I, p. 139-140
409 «Le Rappel>> 25 janvier 18ï1.
,
410 IJ)1r. no <<La Guerre illustrée>>. '.28 j anYier 1871 p. 423.
,
411 Actes,
t. VII, p. 139.
412 I J;nr. no «La Guerre illustrée» 1 fen-ier 1871. p. 438-439.
,
413 Procès-verbaux, p. 446.
405
406
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V
Actes, t. V, p. 56.
<I>. 8 H r e JI L C. Po:n, HaCil.'IIlH B ncrop1rn. n. Ma pK C B <l>. 8 H r e JI L C. Co'tJ.,
T. XVI, 11. I, �rp . 487 .
416 II . Re p a. e Hu; e B. Vfi.aa. co1I., cTp. 138.
417 H. Guil l e mi n. La capitulation de Paris. <<Temps modernes», .M 1166, 1959.
p. 996-1003.
414
415
228
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BOH 6op1:,6LI BO <l>paa11;11II.
418 Procés-verbaux, p. 619-621.
419
Ibid.• p. 587.
420 F. W e y. Op. cit., 390, 392; <<L'Illustration>>, 11 fevrier 1817'1, p. 70.
421 P rocès-verbaux, p. 616; Enquête, t. I, p. 8'9.
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1
2
3
230
Annales de L'Assemblée Xationale, t. 1. Paris, 1871, p. 37 (annexes).
Ibid., p. 39.
Ibid., p. 41 (annexes)
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,
.
.
,
11 Dépêohes, ciroolaires, decrets, proclamations et d1oc.ours de Leon Gambetta,
publ. par J. Reinach. v I. Paris, 1, 886, p. 2J35 et s,uiv.
12 J. Favre. Gouvernement de la défense nationale, v. III. Paris, 1875, p. 501-:502.
232
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13 M. Dommang
e t. Blanqui. La guerre de 18ï0-1871. La Commune. Paris, 1947,
p. 64. IlHChMO PaHKY oT 20 OKT.a6pH 1870 r.
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Hb1 pa6o1IHM 'AaJieim aa II!pe;i;eJial1n Ilapnarn. lL"\leHa E;rnHRH H .MHorux ,r(pyrux
ero copaTHHKOB ( 3;::i;a. Tpn,::i:ona. c:D:rnrra. BaiiHHa, PaHBLe), a TaKme Hec.RoJibM. Dommange t. Op. cit., p. 89.
Ibidem.
18
Murai'lle-s poliitiques françaises depuis le 4 septembre 1870, (t,1.aJtee - Murailles)
t. I, Paris, 1873, p. 866.
_ _
16
17
19 Oô. «'IIepBLrii: Mi11T€pHa1ITIOHa.·1 n ,:mn Ilapn:;ncr�oii nOOi'M-JHLI>>. M., 19411, crp . .J- 1
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Cx. Ta6� B «Journal des Débats», 3 mars 1871.
Gén. Vi n o y. Campagne de 1870-1871. L'Armistice et la Commune. Paris, 1872,
' · 11' '5, 1�, 100.
PP
26 J
. M a rtet. Le silence de M. Clémenceau, Paris, 1929, p. 183.
27 «Temps», 27 février 1871. Semaine financiere.
24
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Anna:le,s des l'Ass,emblée Nationale, t. XXI, Paris, 11874, p. 554. Enquête sur le5
actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale. Rapports et dépositions.
29 Ibid., p. 555.
28
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rrpe)];IIpHHHTOH 6yipm:ya3HhlMl:I ra3eTaMH no Borrpocy 06 YIIl:llJTOïKeHHH MOpa
TO,PlUI. «Heo6xo,n;KMo .rrpem:,n;e Bcero yperyJIHpOBRTh pa3 H HaHcer,n;a BOilpOCbl
0 epoKax nJI,aTem:e:ü,,- yKa-3hlBaJJa B Bhl3bIBaIOm;eM: TOHe 24 q>eBpaJIH BJIHH
TeJIJJfaH «Temps»,- Mhl TOl'O MHeHHJI, qTo BCe Bpe:\rnHHOO ,Il;OJiiRHO rrepeC1'3TI>
cym;eCTBOBaTI,>) 33• qepe3 TPH )l;HH Ta me ra3eTa 'Il'O)];qepnHBaJia, q,fQ 9IWHOMB
lJeCK11e MeponpHHTHH «npaBHTeJibCTBa HaIJ;HOHa:rhHOH o6opoHhl» TOJihKO aaTH
rnnaIOT IQJ)H3HC, ,n;eJiaH Bro e�e 6oJiee THi-HO,ïbBL. Heo6xo,rt;l:IMO rrpOTl:IBOIIO
CTaBHTh nopH,IJ;OK 11 6epem:JIHBOCTI, Te'M YTOIIIUDI, ROTOphie BOT yme 20 JieT c6H
BaIOT Hac C ,n;opor11» 34• 7 Mapta «Temps» Hacro:ÜqlIBO Tpe6yeT <<BOCCTaHOBJie
HHH cr:mpH�a B q>HH8HIC-OBhlX }J;eJiaX>> , li B TOT a.e ca:\-IhlH ,u;eHb BJIHHT0JihH0:Ü:
mHii opraa opJieaHHcToB «Journal des Débats>> ne roBopuT, a RpHqlfT o TOM,
q•rr,o rrpe,n;cTO.Hm_ l:le IlJiaremu ,IJpyccHH Tpe6 yroT CROpeiîmero BOCC'TaHOBJieRBH
Rpe�na: « ,il.eJio 11 ;1];0T O TOM, qTo6hl IlJiaTHTh, C.ïhlillHTe Bhl? 3aaiî-Te, lJTO 8TO
H3hl,R n.1:1 <f>p. J];JIH Toro, tJTOOhl rIJiaTl:ITh, Heo6xo;:t, 1n1h1 ;:t,eH1,rn, neo6xo)"(HM Kpe;:J;HT ... » 35
3o Procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil du Gouvernement de la défense nationale,
1870-1871. Publ. d'apres les manuscrits originaux de A. Dréo. Paris, p. 515-516.
31
Annales de l'Assemblée Nationale, t. I, p. 74 (annexes).
52 ,L. A. Thi e r s. Notes et souvenirs. 1870-1'87'3. Paris, ·1004, p. '1'3fi.
33 <<Temps>>, 04 février .f�t.
34
Ibid., 27 fevrier 1871.
35
((Journal des Débats», 7 mars 1871.
16*
243
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36
37
38
39
�0
244
«Le Venguer», 7 mars 1871.
Ibidem.
E. R e c I us. E. Picard. 1 11821-1877. Paris, 1912, p. 218.
<<Revue des deux monde�n>, 1916, t. XXXIV, ..i\2 1.
Annales de J'Ass<>mblée Xatiom1le, t. I, p. 205.
.R.rracCOBhle OOH B IIOCJie;J;HHe ro,zi;hl HM11epHi, Macco-
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41
J. Dau t r y et L. S ch e 1e r. Op. cit ., p. 166.
Enquête parlem entaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mar s , t. 1-III. Vers ailles, 1872,
t. III, p. 253 et suiv.; G. Bou rgin. La Com mune de Paris et l e Comité Central. «J\evue
hist,orique>>, 1925, t. OL, p. ,15 et suiv.
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IJJt
1
,..,
J. Dau t r y et L. S ch e 1 e r. Op. cit., p. 118.
« Ibid., p. 197.
45
Ibid., p. 197-198.
"'3
246
u
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II KOMHTeThl 6,I(HTeJILHOCTl:I em;e )l;aJieKO He HBJIHJillCh opraHaMII HOBOH paoo"CJeii
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'IHX, OHH Bce me, no conepmeano rrpaBHJihHOMy 3aK;IIOqeHHIO II. M. Kepmeu
n;eBa, «Bhlpa6aTblBaJIH CBOeo6paaHyIO cf,opMy o6m;ecTB8HHOfO KOHTPOJIH ll He
pe)l;KO HBOqHhl.M nopH;:J;KOM BhlIIOJIHHJIH cf,yHKIJ,HH BJiaCTH •••» 47 8 TO me npeMH
OHIH TeCHe:HIIIBlM o6paaoM 6bIJIH CBH'3aHhl C MHOrO"CJ:HC.TI8HHhIMH rrapH.tKCKHMlI Ha-
po.a;HhIMH KJiy6aMH, BeJIH 11ponaran.rzy con;HaJIHCTH'lJ8CRHX Hp;e:ii H p;o coap;aHHH
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CTBO Maoc,aMH. HM, o;a;naKo, TaK H He yp;aJIOCh B03r.laBHTb 6op1,,6y Macc HH npo
THB npaBHTeJILCTBa TpomIO - <l>aBtPa, HH rr,pornB npaBHTeJILCTBa T1>epa. He
y,n;aJIOCb TaKme )l;OOHTbCH H opraHH3aIJ;HM HOBOH peBOJIIOIJ,HOHHO-Con;HaJIHCTlI
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IIO�TOBIOI H )];OJiroii BhlyqKH pa6oqero m1acca, KOTOphlH B Maoce p;ame He
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J);OHHCTCKHX aa6Jiym)];eHHH. A B EeJihBHJie JI MeHHJihMOHTaHe cpe.n;n 6oJiee co3HaTeJihHhlX pa6o"CJHX MO.tKHO 61>1110 ror.n;a em;e HaHTlI )];OCTaTO'lJHOe 'CJHCJIO
rrocJieJ);oBaTeJieH «cTapHKa» O. BJiaHRH, om:ap;aBmHx Ha6anJieH11H oT HaeMnoro
pa6cTBa ne nyTeM KJiaccoBoii 6op1>6hl rrpoJierapnara, a rryTeM aaroBopm;11"CJe
cKoi J);0HT0JlbHOCTII KY'CJKH peBOJIIOII;lIOHepoB-rrpocf,eccnoHaJIOB.
MMeHHO B CBH3H C a-roii: DOJIHTH'CJ8CKOH He3pe;rocThlO napnIBCKHX pa6oqHx,
p;aJieKo He ycneBmHX ein;e OCB06o,u;n:TbCH OT pa3JIHqHbIX cpopM HenpoJieTapcRo
ro, J);OMapKCOBCKoro con;naJIH3Ma, opraHH3aII)IOHHhle YOHJIRH I(R
OR;pyroB
20
20
23
20
1
20
46 CM. Iluc1,ua Jle6Jiana H iKupapa
(J. Dau t r y et L. Sc h e 1er. Op. cit.,
p. 204-1209).
47 II. M. K e p me H n; e B. HcTop1rn IIapHinCROÜ RoMMYHLI 1871 r., M., 1959,
CTp. 149-150.
'8 B. H. JI e H B H. IlaMHTH KoMMYHLI. Co11:., T. 17, cTp. 113.
247
TaK H H-e ynea11aJIHCb ycrrexoM. Ho n IIOMHMO aToro «5oeBLie aa,n;a"ln, cTOHBmHe
II0!J)e,:i; rrapHiRCKHM IIpOJI0'TapnaTOM B TO BpeMH, Tpe6oBaJIH IIpem,n;e Bcero BOeH
HOH opraanaa:o;i1m> 49, a TaKyro opraHH3aI�HIO cnoco6Ha 6LIJia Tor,n;a coa,n;aTh
TOJibKO o.,n;Ha HaIJ;'IIOHaJibHaH rnap,n;nH, BTHHYBIIIaH B CBOH PH� TLICSPIH pa6011nx
u peM-ecJieHHHKûB Ilapnma.
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1871 r.
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49 Il. M. K e p me H :a; e B. "YKa3. co1J., crp. 150.
50
51
52
248
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 212.
Ibid., p. 215.
Ibidem.
Cehac BCe 11:eaopm'llHaoBano, 11 TeM He lienee MHr�nan.noaaJI p;oJimeH no
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53
54
55
Ibid., p. 218.
Ibid., p. 2œ.
Ibid., p. 224.
249
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250
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1IŒ
56
57
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 3.
Ibid., p. 13.
251
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142-143.
59
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 14.
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° Ch. Y r i a rt e. Les prussiens à Paris et le 18 mars. Paris, 1871, p. 15.
Ibid., p. 16.
62 E
nquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. I, p. 33.
6
61
253
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CMemeHHH peryJUipHhIX BOHCR C B036ym,;::,;eHHbIM aaceJieHHeM Ilapnma 65, a Ta:K
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63
64
65
66
�
u
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. I, p. 36.
Ch. Y ri a r te. Op. cit., p. 42.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 9-1.
Gén. Vin o y. Op. cit., p. 146.
B"hE3]{ HEMED;:EGIX "'tJACTEfi B IIAPHm 1 �IAPTA 1871 r.
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BoopymeHHoro napo.n;a» 67•
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m.
67
J. Favre. Op. cit., v. III, p. 124.
Ch. Yri art e. Op. cit., p. 31.
69 IlHCbMO T1,epy or 28 q>eBpaJI.JI 1871 r. «Revue des deux mondes» 1916 t. XXXIV.
,
,
M 1, ,pp. 54-·56.
68
255
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70
71
72
:256
«'Le Cri du peuple>>, 1 mars. 18ï1.
I. Dau t r y et L. Sc h e le r. Op. cit., p. 202, 203.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. '2.27.
.
-
LIBERTE, EGALITE. FRATERNITE
Comité Central
GARDE NATIONALE
DE LA
- __..-- -�-..)()C�-- ..
as�rmhlèP g�nrr:,lt" de
délegu,·, rrpr,•sl'nl!lnl plu, de 'l00
b�ta,11011, a pour mi,sion ,ir con�liluer 14 f.Sdiration repul,li
c:1inr ,lr la Garde nalionale, afin qu'elle wit or,;3ni,i,p de
mani,'.re :i proll'grr k I'"}� mirux que n'onl pu le 1.,irr ju,
'1'' ':, lor, 1�, ;,1rm,,-·, prrmanenlé� el � ..t�renJ1·t' p3r lou• 1..�
m<>yt•ns po<sihlc• la R••puhlique mena,·,·;_
L,· (omi!P. central n'e�t pa, un l-<)lf1ilc anonymP: il �,;t la
r f"t1nion dP nl.1:nd::1tairr� c)'homnu•s libre'i qui connaissµnt h•llf''
,l,·voirs. atlirnwnt l,•ur, droits. et veul�nt f.Jnder la ,olîdarite
entre tous les mcmbrPs d,• I;; Gard,. n31iofl:>I�.
-\U'l""i I.'! li• •rr p,drtJf1•1ue qtn� t-n ua, .. �, t , '" <'"' � 1 ,ntl
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lluc!H'1· <! u111' 1 ·::il!llll'-·HHt pr-, \.'J�• il� J!l,P")q,cr, p11tlf' 1 {"I ·�•1r,tt1Vq
"il "'il dtl.. �
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t;.11 i ,·tjH't''),loo re�l=(· !r l'c n11t n 11 P"'
dtltt•
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nn·nt ( onn1H· i,! Cotnd� 1'.N1tr;1!. pni: tin;;, d,·,•br:1ttnn afli !.. ht:r
danc.. Pa:is rn;� •�c·\ l,•� cl:n. :,-,.,., a .,� .....P ,-i- p ,r kuf ,·:;n('F,Uf>
1
li prot�\l<! donc contre Ioule, li-, î,upntalion, qui tf>n~
draiPnl a d,;,,:;furer l'expression d• son programme P*"' fn
rntra,er l'r..i,rulion. Ses actes onl louj<1u1·s t'1è sign(',: ils n•ont
eu qu ·uo mobile. la d<'fensc de. P:irî, U l't>pousse :lYl'l'. mepris
lt·"' calomni�" tendant a f'�ccu�fl'r d·ewc.it�lion au piHngr• ( armc-.,
�I de munition5 , e.l a I;; guerre chile
Vetpir31Îon ile 1'.lrmi,1ice, ,ur 13 p1•olongatio1J duq uel le \
f
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1'\1·n111, ►11
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,ponla!lt'mt>nl. �lie wuh·. p:-ir ,on altiluJ-•. � "' fai, ,. ,lt' (".,,.,..,.
p:ition pn,�,ienue 11n� humilialioo pour !<- v:,in,iuc,ar .
VIVE. LA RÉPUBLIQUE
Arnold.
,Julos Bergeret.
Bouit.
Castioni.
Chauviere.
Chouteau
Courty.
Dutil.
Fleury.
F'ron:.1er.
Gastaud
Henry
Fof'tun"
T .a,,:or•i.
Lagarde.
La.vale!.te.
1-1 :1,]y., u c t1 ,-d.
1'vfo "'.'
1\,1utt1n
ÜS'..\' fi.
P1c;1nel
P, r:J \
Pru.i�omine.
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13
74
75
258
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 22i.
<<Journal des Débats>>, 8 mars 1871.
<<Temps>>, 13 mars 1871. Semaine financière.
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caMoro BOeHHOro MHHIICTpa reHep-aJia Jieqmo II03BOJHIIOT r.rry6me IIpOHllRHy.Tb
B CRplil'TLie :e:aMepeHHH npaB:e:TeJibCTBa u, B�IeCTe C Te:.\I, ;:i;aIOT B03MOIBHOCTb
6oJiee l(eTaJILHO B:hIHOHHTb xapaRTep Toro rrpe;::i;aTeJibciwro y,zi;apa u:a-aa yrJia,
KOTOpbIÎI C nepBLIX ,IJ;Heii Map-ra roTOBilJIIICh HaHeCTH Tpy,zi;H�lIMCH Il'ap:ama
T1,e1p II ero 6JI:n:maiim.e:e copaTHHRH.
Bo:ü,c:Ka, npe]J;Ba'3Ha'1IeHHLie BoeHHI:iIM MlIHHCTpOM ,IJ;JIH y11aCTlIH B RapaTeJih
noii: BRCIŒ�rt;:U:H, BLI�eJI.HDIICb lI 3 COCTaBa Jlya,pCRO.H H CeBeipHOË: 81)MHH.
IlpaBJITe·JibCTBO H B00HHoe ROMaH)J;OBRHile C IICRJIIOl!HTe-JlbHhIM BHHMaBHeM
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 11.
J. Fa vre. Op. cit., t. III, p. 207-208.
78
1
•<<Hevue des deux mondes>>, 1916,
t. XXXIV, J\1 1, ,p. 612-00.
79
G. Bo u niols. Thiers au �ouvoir (1871-1873). Paris, 1921, p. 21-22.
so Enquêrte padementaire sur 1 insurrection du 18 ma.rs, t. Il, p. 9.
81 Tbidem.
76
77
17 *
259
OTHeeJIHCb R {pOfPMlilpOBaHIUO fOAJlhIX .I(JIH no,n;aBJieHHH IIapH:ma 6p11ra;:t H AH
BII8HH ·H8 OTo6panaoro à la fourchette - aTo CJioBa caMoro T1,epa - JIIOp;CKoro
l\:iaTeip:n:aJia, 82• B IIapHm 6hIJia naDlPaBJiena ror;n;a <<élite», T. e. Jiyqmaa 11acTL
·HaX•O;rJ;HBIDHXCH B II!POBHHQlrn: <ppann;yaCKHX apMHH 83•
ÛCHOBHhle ipacrrop.HmeHHH IIO apMHHM O J);BH'.meHHH 0T06paHHhlX BOÜCR K
Hapnmy 6LIJin: oT,n;aHhl renepa.rroM .fleqmo e� 3 MaipTa, KaK aro cJie,nyeT H3
HllCLMa Tbepa
<DaB!I)y, H YT011H0Hbl 4 M8()Ta 84•
qaCTH, npe,n;naanatieHHhie AJIH yqaCTHH B KapaTeJILHOH 3KCIIegm:J;HH, 6b1JIH
Bhl,D;eJieHhl B OCHOBHOM I:I3 BOHCKOBbIX coe)];HHeHHH, pacnoJiomeH'HhlX B caMhlX
paaJII:I1IHhlX ropo;n;ax ceBepo-aana,.u;noft <l>pann;HI:I: H3 raBpa, illep6ypa, JlaBa
JIH., llyaTLe, illaTopy, JiapomeJIH I:I CenT-AMana. ÛHH p;oJimHhl 6hlJIH cocTaBHTL
B �eJIOM 'q)H neXOTHhle AHBI:I3HI:I, o,n;ny AHBH3I:IIO KaBaJiepHH H ,n;eBHTL apTHJI
JiepHÜCKHX 6aTape:ü: u6m;e:ü: 1IHC:I0HHOCTbIO B 29 700 qeJioBeK. HocKOJibKO noa,n;
nee, KpoMe Toro, )];OJiiHHbI Ohl:II:I 6hITb )];BifHYTLI R IlapHmy II TIOJI·KH 6peTOHCKHX
.u;o6poBOJILD;eB, HaXO,IJ;llBIBHecH 'IlO;D; :ROMaH)];OBaHHeM peaKD;HOHHOfO reHepaJia
IIIaperTa. Ma 1111c1,Ma Tbe,pa 9TOMY renepaJiy BH,n;no, 11ro npaBHTeJILCTBo pac
C1IKThlBaJio K 10 Mapra cocpeµ;0To111::1TL 9TI:IX operonn;en B PaM6y111,e, ne,n;aJieRo
OT BepcaJIJI 85• <<BoicRa, ROTOpbie ,n;o;rmHhl 6y�T np116LITL R BaM, oy;JzyT co
CTOH.Tb H8 .u;nyx KOJIOHH: o,n;na H3 3THX ROJIOHH p;oJimHa 6y,n;eT 'II!PHOhlTb H8 illep6ypa I:I ranpa B ManT, µ;pyDaH 11a IlyaTLe H ManTa B illapTp»,- coo6m;aJI T1,ep
lli. ·<l>aBpy 5 MapTa, YIŒ3hIBaH Ha Heo6xogHMOCTb BCJillecKH IIpHrüTOBHTLCH K
rrpHeMy 11 1paaMem;en1uo B Ilap11are ar11x BO:Ü:CK 86•
�eÜC'TBHTeJibHO, MaHT H illapTp - ,I(Be Kpyrrnhle CTaHn;HH, nemam;He na
Cenepnoii H 3ana,n;ao:ü: meJieanhlx ,n;oporax cpaBHHT0JILHO nep;aJieKo oT 1Iap11ma,- 0LIJIH H3Ô.paHLI B0eHHhIM: K0Man,n;oBaHHeM B Ka11eCTBe rry'HKT0B cocpeAO
TO"'l'eHHJI p;BHiKYID;I:IXCH K CTOJIHn:e apMHH; AJIH rrp:aeMa H ,n;aJILHeümero RX aa
npaBJieHHJI Ha IlapI:IiR B o6a 3TH rryHKTa 6hlJIH KOMaap;npoBaHhl, O,Il;HOBpeMeHHO
C 0T,rt;a11e:ü: pacrropHmeHHH O Ha1IaJie ]J;BHIBeHHH, ,D;Ba BLICmHX mTaOHhlX ocp�e
pa - KaIIHTaH )];ro-Jio (B ManT) H BeTMOH (B illapTp) 87•
IlüJIHTH11eCKOMy COCTOHHHIO IIOCLIJiaeMhIX B Ilaip:e:m BO:Ü:CK YA0JIHJIOCI,, IIO
HHTHO, HCKJII01IRTeJI1,n-oe BHHMan:ae. B 'IlI:ICLMax T1,epa reuepaJIY C10aanny MLI
nax-o,n;I:IM pH,n; HHTepecneiim:ax yirnaaHHH OrHOCHr0JihHO MeTO;J;OB 'lIO,IUJ;ep:maHHH
B BOHCKax BOHHCKOro ,n;yxa H p;11cn:IDIJII:IHhl. <<KOJIH."qecTBO BOHCK ,IJ;OCTaT0"IH0e,
IIHmeT 7 MapTa Thep,- �TaeTCH 11x nac1'poen11e. BoT 11To oco6enno MeHH
aaHI:IMaeT. BepHOCTb BOÜCK - rJiàBHaH. Hama aap;a,qa, 11 OHa p;oJI:mHa 6hITb
uoaTo:My rrpe.zµ1eroM ncex Haiiiux 3a60T» 88•
McnoJI1,ayn orrhlT IIOAI'OTOBKH MOOHJIIiHOH rB-ap,n;u:e: B 1848 ro.,izy RaK naJia11a
rrapIDReKHX pa6011Hx, T1,ep Tipem,u:e ncero npep;JiaraeT CBOHM reHepanaM oco6eHno BHHMaTeJibHO CJI0,IJ;l:ITb aa cna6:men:e:eM .Ka;paTeJILHhlX BOHCK rrp-o,rt;OBOJII,
CTBHeM, 3a caHHTapHbIM COCTOHHH0M Jiarepeii H Ka3apM H YA06CTBOM paCKBap
THpOBa.HRH.. «qT06hI COJI]J;aThl 6:bIJIH B xopomeM HaCTpoeHHH, Hap;o, 'tJTOOhl OHH
6hIJIH ,IJ;OBOJILHhI»,- yKa3hIBaeT OH. «06cJiy>RHBa:Ü:Te BOHCRa caMLIM 1IY1JffiHM
o6pasoM, CKOJihKO 6hl 'aTO HH CTOHJIO,- nacTa.HBaeT OH B .zu>yrOM IlHCLMe.
EcJIR BOHCKaM 1101'0-JIH6o He 6y.u;eT XBaTaTb, He OCTaBJIIDÎTe 8TOro 008 BHHMa
HHJI. ,Il;eJia:ÜTe Heo6xo,n;HMhie pacxo,n;LI, XOTH 6hl OHH H BhIXO,n;HJIH HecROJILKO
aa rrpep;eJihI o6hl11HhIX MepoK>> 89•
m.
...
u
'
IlHcLM.O T1,epa <l>aBpy OT 5 MapTa 1871 r. (G. Bou ni ol s. Op. cit., p. 25).
Gén. V i n oy. Op. cit., p. 183.
8" Il:e:cLMO T1,epa <l>aBpy or 5 MapTa 1871 r. (G. Bou ni ol s. Op. cit., p. 25).
85 B ou n io1 s. Op. cit., p. 4.8-49.
86 Ibid., p. 25.
87 V i Il O y. Op. cit., p. 185.
88 BO u Ili O 1 S. Op. cit., p. 41.
M Jhrewo T1,epa reuepe.JJy CI03ii'B:iHY or 6 1MapTa 11871 r. ;(F. Damé. La r�stance,
le-s maiirres, les députés de Paris et le Conüté Central du 1.8 au 126 mars 9t.e• .Parl!S, 187:1
p. 259); n11c1>Mo T1,epa CroaaHHY oT 7 MapTa 1871 r. (G. Bou ni oI s. Op. cit., p. 42).
82
83
260
TI.ep, O):(HaRo, xopomo aHaeT, "'ITO o;i;noro xopomero, y."Jyqruennoro �oBOJib
CTBHH BOHCI( e�e ]l,aneRo Hep;ocTaTOqHo: rreo6xop;HMO BCeMM CHJiaMH CTapaThCH
y6epe1IL HX B nyTH H no rrpH6hlTHH Ha MeCTO, B CTOJIHD;Y, OT peB-OJIIO�OHHOH
8apa3hl, a ]f,JIH aToro npBHHTh Mepbl K H30JIHII;HH COJI)];aT OT HaceJieHBH. Yme B
1111c1,11,e or 3 MapTa OH 11pep;naraeT reHeipany CroaaHBY cnemHo 11p11ecyrr11T1,
K IIOW'OTOBKe TOJILRO "'ITO llOKHHYTl>IX HeMn;aMH q,opToB :IeBoro 6epera CeHnl,
H ocoi6eHHO MoH-BanepI.eHa, ;r:t;JIH npHeMa omn,r:,;a10in;HxcH B Ila1p11me BOHCR.
<<ffHqero H-8 uomeT 6hlTI, 8CTCCTBeH'Hee, "IeM HX aaHHTHe,- xinpo IIHilleT OH,1'8'H 6onee, "'l'TO MLI reM caMhlM 6yµ;eM HM€Tb rrpe11Mym;ecTBO He OCTaBJUITI,
COJI):(aT B CJIBillKOM HHTHMHOM KOHTa:KTe C B03Ôymp;eHHbIM HaceneHBeM Ilap11ma». RpoMe roro, H Ca.MaH pa6ma no :ri;p1rnep;eHHIO OCT3B.;'IeHHhlX HeM:a;aMa
cpopTOB B Ha]f,nema�Hii IIOpH)];OK, no MHeHHIO T1,epa, 6yp;eT l:lM0Th O'IIpep;eJieH
Hoe •Jf.Boimoe npen�eCTBO»: «ona 3a:HM0T JIIOp;e:ü li p;acT B03MOiRHOCTb HC
IIOJII,30BaTI, HX �aoo-qne pyKB» 90. B n1:1c1,Me OT 5 MapTa OH cHoBa HarroMnHaeT
renepany CIOaaany o Heo6xop;nMocTH <<He ,6pocaTh Boiic1rn n caMyro rym.y Hace
neuHJn H pacKBap'THpûBI>IBaTI:. BX 11aCTH"'IHO B Cen-.iRepMeHe, qacTH"'IHO B MeHee
HaceJlell'HhlX KBapTaJrnx ca�mro IIapHarn HJIH Mecrax, ;:i;onyc1rn10m.Hx oTp;eJiemie
Boiic.K oT ocTaJI1>Horo HaceneH1111: B BoenHoii mRo:ie, Ha MapcoBOM rroJie, Bo
,[(Bop:a;e HHBaJIHp;oB, B xopomo oxpaHHe:'.\-IO�r Trou.;ibpH. <<H rro-npemneMy pe1rn
MeH)l;YJO,- IlOBTO!pHeT TbCjp lli. (l}aBpy,- He H;:J;TH Ha pa3MeID;eHHe BHOBh
npHO:hIBaIOIIJ;HX B ryin;e HaceneHHH; paCKBapTIIJPOBaHHe HaJ,to IlJPOH8BO)];B.Th
TUKHM o6paaoM, qTOOhl raipaHTJIPOBaTb BHOBh IIJpH6bIBIDHX OT IIJIOXHX
BJIIUIHHH» 91•
IlipH 3TOM OT)];aBaJIOCh ,pacnopHiIŒHHe: OT,Il,e.ïhHbie l!a-CTH H3 qHCJla npeAH33Ha"'leIIHhlX JJ;JlH YCMHpeHFJH IJ.apHma BOHCR, BHymarom,1rn XOTH 6bl TOJH,KO TeHb
nop;oapeHHH, HeMep;JieHHO OT,!J;0JIHTh OT ocra::ŒHhIX 92.
Ocoi6eHHhle aa6oThl co cTopoHhI T1>epa H re.nepa.,ia Jleq)Jlo Bhl3bIBaeT nonpoc
o KOMaHJJ;HOM cocTaBe KapaTeJI1>Hoiî ·3:ncneAHD;HII. <<H yMoJIHIO Bac H renepana
BHHya,- nHmeT T1,ep Cro3aHny,- co6cTBeHH1>n1H nrn3aMH ocMoTpeTh II1PH61>1BaIO�He BO:Ü:CKa, o6paTHB oco6oe B'HHMaHHe Ha o<fn1n;epoB, y6e,n;HThCH B HaC'Tpoe
HMH .BTD.X iJIOCJ18JJ;HHX H, ecJIH 6yp;eT H000XO,il;HMOCTL, rrpOH3B-0CTH II3MeHeHHH
B KOMaIIJJ;BOM COCTaBe>> 93. renepa.'I Jlccp.;io, CO C'B08M cropOHhI, coo6i:a;aJI reHe
pany B:e:uya o npe;:(Ilo.,iara-eM-oM cocTaBe sRcne,r:i;:m.�HH, y1rn3hlBaeT, "'ITO eMy
CTO
, WIO OOJinmoro Tpyp;a no,r,;o6parh ROMaH,IJ;HhIM cocraB rr "l!TO OH IlOTOMY OCTa
HOBHJI cnoiî BhlÔOp Ha renepaJiax Mo;:LIOH, Croc6HeJ1e, Ba1p1pH II Peccapa:üipe,
lfTO IIOCJIC)J;HHe «BeJIHROJICilBO :31HaIOT llapHIB H BO B:peMH oca,n;hl KOMaH�OBaJIH
OTJJ;0JII,HI,JMH -qacTHMH 'IIapnmcKoro rapHH30Ha>> 94.
He-Tpy.r{BO p;or�aTLCH, IŒKoe <<3HaHne>> Ilapnma :u;eunrcH renepanoM Jl,e
q>JIO: pe-q1, ap;-ec1, H)];eT O npe,n;CTOHIIJ;·eM CTOJIRHOB8HHH C (OUITeïRHM.lmMH>>, H 3a6oTJIHBhlii reHepaJI crpeMHTCH IIOCT8BIITb BO r:rnBe OTp;eJibHbIX OTpH)];OB KOMaH
p;HpOB, xopomo 3HaIOI:a;HX npeJJ;CTOHI:a;ee TIOJie 6nTBhl H xo:pomo 3BaROMhlX
c caMHM <<BparoM» l
,[(JIH 'Toro lfTOOhl nporonRBYTh B llapmR CTO,"Jb 6oJihmoe RO.rrHqecTBO BoiicR,
neo6xo,::i;HMO OhIJIO, KOH01IHO, )];OOIIThCH cor:IaCHH He:\IeD;IWrO BepxoBHOfO ROMaH
,Il;OBaHHH. B CBH3H c 3THM
<l>aBip yme 4 Mapra no nopyt1eHHIO T1,epa o6pa
TU.:ICH H'. BHcMapRy c rrpoc1>6oii anatnne.1I>Ho yneJIHTIHTb IWHTHHreHT napn:m
c1wro rapHH30Ha II paapemHTI, )J;OIIOJIHHT0JlbHO BBeCTH B CTOJHID;Y )];JIH npncoe
)];HHeHHH R OCT8BJieHHOH B Ilaip11me J);HBH3HH reHepaJJa <l>apona em.e 20 ThlC.
oon.I(aT. <<Ilap11m HaXOJJ;HTCH nop; yrpoaoii cep1,eaHoro CTOJIR:BoBeBHH ... Becrro
PHAKH... npop;om-1rnroTCH H ycHJIHBaIOTCJI ... feHepaJI B11Hya ôecrroMom;eH, HMe.R
m.
B ou nio l s. Op. cit., p. 15 et suiv.
Ibid., p. 26, 42.
92 IlHCbMO T1,epa reHepaJiy Cro3aHHY OT 6 Mapta 1871 r. (Damé. Op. cit., p. 259).
93 To me oT 7 MapTa 1871 r. (Bou nio 1 s. Op. cit., p. 42).
s4 Gén. Vin o y. Op. ci-t., p. 386 '(nHCb:\10 ,renepa.i1:a Jleq>.'lo ,re·ne-pa;iy BH11Iya}.
90
91
261
TOJH,RO 0,IJ;Hy ,D;HBH3IUO B CB08M pacrro,p.RJIŒHHH,- IlHll8T JR. (Paap EBCM3fI>Ry.
- H npom:y Barue npeBocxop;HTe.'JhCTBo OTAaTL IpacnopHi1ŒHBe o TOM, qToôhI
ne 6.hIJIO OTRa3aHo B ]]jporrycirn Il0JJ;B03HIIVIM BOHCRa rroea�aM)) 95•
PaayMOOTCH, HH <Danp, HH, TeM 60:iee, T1>eip ne oJKHJ(aJI:o: onrnaa oT «me
JieaHoro KaH:r.vrnpa>>, ROTOphIH y;.Re ,paHee OTnphlTO npe,D;JiaraJI HM CBOIO IIOM0Il1,L
.AJIH no,n;aBJieHHH IlOCCTaH}UI B IlapHme. EHCMapK ,Ae:ÜCTBHT0JlhHO He aacTaBlIJI
,Il;OJil'O IB,Il;aTh COOTBeTCTByIOm;ero paaperneHHH.
B TOT me ,D;eHb, 4 Méi,pTa, B Bepca.:i:e 6bIJia IIO,Il;IlHCaHa B00HHaH KOHBeHIJ;HH
06 s:saRyau.HH <püpTOB .:rnnoro 6epera CeHhI; § 9 3TOH IWHBeBD;HH npe,AycMaTpH
BaJI yneJIHqeHHe ra1pHH30Ha Ilap11ma ;J,ù 40 ThIC. qeJIOBeK H BBe)J;e'HHe B CT0.1:11U:Y HOBhIX qacTeiî, -cne,J;y10ru;Hx na fanpa, Illep6y1pa, Jlana;u1 11 T. .A· B npHRaae
HeMen;Roro Bepxormoro i-.oitraHµ;onaHHH oT 12 Mapra, T. e. aa rueCTh ,AHe:Ü ,u;o
peBOJIK>U.HH n IIapmKe, rrpHMO roBopHJIOCb, qro (Π6JIHmaim:e:-e ,AHH npe;Q;CTOHT
orrepan;HH q,rpaHu;y3CIUIX BOHCK nponrn MJITeIBHhlX Ha.a;:o:oHaJibHhlX rBap,Ae:ë:
l�eB Ilapama. Xo;i;araücrno co CTO!POHhl reue,pa.rra B:u:aya - ipaapemHTh rrpo
xom;:,;eH11e ero lfacreii 1Iepea HeihpaJihHYK> aoay - no;:i;nemHT y�OBJieTBO
pennK>>> 96•
E,AHHhlH <ppoHT rocno,n;cTByroru;:ax i-.:rnccoB <DpaHn;:e:11 :u: fepMaHHH rrponrn
peBO.JlK>D;HH li pa6oq-ero RJiaCCa, 0 I-.OTOPOM roBop:e:.:i: II03A1JI80 aa aacep;aHJUI
I'eaepaJI1>aoro COBera I1HTepHauuoHaaa I�. Ma;p:nc, HR11aJI, TanliM o5paao�1.
CKJiaAhIBaThCH q>aRTIJlieCRH eru;e, .J:O 18 MapTa. II,pH 8TOM HeMeIJ;KOe ROMaH,IJ;OBa
Hll0 roTOB{} 6hIJIO He TOJihRO nponycnITb B Ilapnm RaipaT8JlhHLie BOHCKa, BO li
no B03MO>KHOCTH 16blC'.QPO B03B(paTHTb BO <DpaHD;HK> BOeHHOilJieHHhlX li ne,pe,IJ;aTh
B pacnopameHHe <ppaH:n;yac:Koro npannre:IhCTBa 12 Thlc. pymeii Illacrro, JJ;OCTaB
mnxca f.epMaBHH 'IIOCJie RaIIHTYJIHQliH Ilap:ama. 0 m:m6xo;Q;HMOCTH cpo'lIHO
,z:i;oroBop:aT- hCJI C UeMn;aMH HactJeT IIOnyn:r-ar 3THX pymen 3800TJIHBhl:Ü Tb� IIH
CaJI em,e 6 Mapra reaepa;ry CK>aanay: <<Ilo3a6orhrech o 1rn11ecTBe :e: n;eae 8THX
pymeiî» 97•
H-ecMoTpJI aa .a.ocrarO"qHo BhICOEHii 11:0:c.1:enHhliî cocTaB ):03HHYThIX K Ilap:a
my oroopHblX BOMCI-., rrpaB1ne:IhCTBO CTpeMHJIOCb o6ecneqHTh c.e6e HeOOXOAH
Mhle peaepBhl H II03TOMy C HereprreHHeM Om'.H,AaJio IUpH6hITHH nepBhlX .:;meJio
HOB 6hIBillHX B00HHO'ILTieHHhlX. Ilo CBP;J;0HIDIM, me;:,;m:e:M H3 fepMaHHH, 6hlBillHe
HMuepaTOpCKHe COJI;J;aThl n CBOeM orpoMHO:\I 6oJihIICHHCTBe HaCT,pOeHlil 6hl.JIH
p;aJI-eRO He peBOJIIO:n;HOHHO. I1 HMeHHO BCJI0,ACTBB:e aroro T1,ep, oaa60"4eHHhl:Ü.
coxpaHeHHeM cpep;:a 6hlBIDHX BOeHHOII.10HHhIX peaKD;HOHHblX Hac.TpOea:e::ë:, CTpe
l\IHJICJI npece1Ih eaMyIO B-03MO.ifŒOC,Th COlJlpHKOCHOBeHHJI HX C MHTeïRHHIŒMH
Ilap:ama: npn5hlna10ru;1te, -cor:iacHo pacrropJimeHHK>, o KOTopoM T1>ep coo6m,aeT
11 MapTa reHeipaJiy CroaaHHY, ;:i;o:.rn-rnhl c norpaHH1IHhlX uyHKTOB HarrpaBJIHThCH
....
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,,,
B COOTBeTCTBYIOID;He tJacnr, OO.H3are:IhHO :MHHYJI aapameHHhlH peBOJIIOD;HeH
ropo,u;l 98•
B 0TH nepnhle ,J;IIH rrpaRTHqec1wro ocym;ecTBJieBHJI nJiaHa noRopeHH.JI Ila
ll)Hma Toep n ero OJIHiirn:iimue ITŒ\fOIIJ;HHRH rrpoHBJIHJin coBepmeinHo nc.RJIIO
tJH·T-eJihHYIO 3HepDHIO. 06 aroM CBn:;:�eTeJibCTBYK>T XOTH 61>1 O;:,;HH TOJlhRO MHOro
qHCJI0HHhle ero IllICbMa; IlpH 3TOM CJI·e;r:i;yeT lBt:eTb B BRAY, qTo ,z:i;o nac )l;-OillJia
.Jillillh caMaH MaJiaJI qa,cr:E, ero 'IlepenHCKH, lITO 0T)J;0JlbHhle, HaH6oJiee BaiR.Hhle
H ceKpeTHhie TeJierpaMMhI Il IlIIChMa rrpocTO YHH1ITOlliaJIHCb H qTo MHOroe H
ceha,c em;-e cJIHmKOM xopomo yrrpHTaHo B apx1rnax 6ypmyaaHoiî pecuy6JIHRH.
BeccJie,AHo nporraJIH TaKme H Te cHJihHO ROMnpoMeT:o:pyioIQ11e T1>epa ;::i;enemn,
KOTOphle OhlJlH Han,r:i;eHhl B ,J];Hil hO�I.MYHhI B 1rn6uHeTe M]IH-HCTpa BüyTpeHHHX
[J,·eJI 8. 11:e:Kapa. Ha OCHOBaHIUI arrrx ;:i;errem MOm'.HO 6hl.JIO JierRo «ycTaHOBHTb,
95 Archives dt ploma,tique-s 1873, v. 1 p. 4ô.
,
,
96 A. If. MO ;:r OK repMafü'.,KMI mrrepBeHJJ;lIH npOTllB Tiap mnCROH 'RœtMytHhl 18'7'1 ro.n;a.
M., 1939, CTp. 13.
97 I1Hch:MO The pa CroaaHHY oT 6 :-.rnpra 1871 r. (Damé. Op. cit., p. 259).
98 G. Bou ni o 1 s. Op. cit., p. 49.
26'2
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no'AqHHemr.i MITTemHoro IlapH.ma. feaeipaJiy Bn:Hya TOJihRo R 15 MapTa y,n;a
JWCh cnpaBHTbCJI C -BTO.H aa;a;aqeii Il BhIOOCTlI H3 IlapHïRa B IlOXû)J,HOM nopH.p;Ke
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<<HeMe;r,i;JIe- auo oTnpaBI.Te n IlapIIm nop; 1rnMaH;::i;oii reaepaJia BepTa 78, 88 II
89-ft MapmeBble IlOJIKH; na'.QpOHOB 90 n npo,u;oBO.':IbCTB'IN:� Ha TPH ,n;m:i; npe.n;y
II:pe,n;1ue reHepaJia BHHya o6 0TnpaBJiean1rn 100•
IlpaBlIT8JlbCTBO, IIOH.HTHO, ,n;epma:io B CTporoft Taiiue xo,n; Il xapaKTep 38;i;yMaHHOH BOBHHOH -0nepan;n11 li npHl:IlfMa;ro BCe .Mep1>1, qTofü,I CBe,n;eHIUI O RO�llPieCTBe BOHCR li HCTH.HBOll n;e:in HX ·nepeopOCfül B cro:i:nu:y He npOHHIŒJIII
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U
99
100
p. 189.
�
Gén. Vin o y. Op. cit., p. 187 et suiv.
L. Brin d e a u. Les événements de 1870-71 au Havre. v. II. Havre, 1912,
Ilnc1,Mo (l)aBpa Tr,epy
1916, M .1, p. 70).
101
U
OT
6 Mapra 1871 r. ( <<Revue des deux mondes», t. XXXIV,
263
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1848
lli.
«C 48
iK.
102 Il11c1>Mo iit <I>aBpa · T1,epy oT 4 lrnpTa 1871 r. ( «Revue des deux mondes>>,
t. XXXIV, ·HM6, .M 1, p. 00-65).
10s G. B o un i o 1 s. Op. cit., p. 25--26.
10.t Ibid. , p. 41-42.
264
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ero mpe]:UloqTeHHH aToro ropo�a>> 105 •
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tos
106
L. A. Th i ers. Op. cit., p. 136.
«Journal officiel», 19 avril, 1871.
265
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�Heii KpyIIHhIX CK.i:ap;OB rraTpOHOB I1 Boopy:meHHH, pacnoJiomeHHLIX B
XIII oRjpyre Heno,n;a:ieKy or 3Ha:ueHHToft :\IaHyq>aKTYPM fo6eJieHoB.
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108
266
Ch. Y ri art e. Op. cit., p. 116.
Ibidem.
I{hI Jl,i;-Ropj((l)Jil, RBHO OTTeCHHBmee B nrnaax H3tpOµ,HhlX Macc «3aKOHHOe»,
TL-ep u ero copaTHHKH c nepBhlX me ;a;neir YapTa He nepecTaBaJu1 rJiy-601m BOJI
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Oa nœopHO npoHrpaJI cpameBHe IIO,IJ; ÜpJieaHO�I Il, roBOpH CJIOBaMH ra3eThl
«Le Mot d'Ordre», «6LIJI Ha11paBJie:H B Ilapnm coB'.'.fe-crHo JieI'HTHl\fifCTCROH n
opJieaHRCTCKoii peam:i;:e:eii» 109• CToJI»u;a BC'T1peT11.Jia HaanaqeHHe aToro reaepaJia
«KaIIHTyJis:HTa» B3phIBOM Hero,n;oBaHHH. IlonyJIHpHhI:Ü: HK06BHCKH:Ü: <<Le Ven
geur» o6'I>HCHHJI ero Haanaqen»e TeM, 'lfT-O OH «He yMee'T cpamaTbCH, Ho aaTo
YMOOT paœTpeJurnaTb COJI,n;a-r» l 10• J:l;e:Ü:CTBHT0JibHO, B nepBOM me CBOOM rrpH
Kaae OpeJn, ;a;e Ila.rra.u;HH no.u;-qepKHYJI cnoe TBep;a;oe HaYepenHe n-o.n;.u;epmaT1>
B p.a;i;ax nan;u:onaJil>HOll rBap;a;HH <<IlOpH,IJ;OK>>, <<yBameHn:e K 3aROHY lI co6cTBeH
HOCTH»' a TamR-e «'BH-eprnqHo no,n;aBHTb BCe, lJTO MOIBeT HaHeCTII yID;epo CTIO
KOHCTBHIO rqpo'Aat.
9 Map-Ta BOOHHLIH cy11. npuroBopHJI aaoqHo R cMepTHOH Ra3HH J:lBYX JIIOOH
lihlX oom.n;e:ë: Hapo,n;a BnaHKH H Cl>JiypaHca, a Ha �.rr-e;'.);yIOID;ll.:Ü .u;eHb no np11Kaay
reaepaJia B11eya 6LIJIH aaKpLIThl mecT.b na:e:ôo.rrne rrorryJia:pHhIX B Bap-oµ;·e peBo
JIIOD;HOHBhIX na1J>:HiKCKIIX raaeT «Le Vengeur>> ( <<McTHTeJih>>), <<Le Mot d'Ordre>>
( «Ilap0JI1,»), «Le Cri du peuple» ( «Rpu:R Hapo;:i;a»), <<Bouche de fer» ( <<llie
Jie3Jihle ycTa»), «Père Duchêne» ( <<ÜTeu; 4romeH>>), <<La Carricature>> ( «I{apH
KaTypat). Ilo'IT:e: o,n;HoBpe!.t:{rnHo <'.. aTH:M Hau;uonaJihHoe co6ipaHHe BhlHecJio
pemeHHe O q>aKTffq€CKOM J1Hill0HHB Ilapama 3BaHHH CTOJUID;bl Il IIOC'TaHOBHJIO
C 20 MapTa nepeHOCTH -CBOH aacep;aHHH ll3 Bop;:i;o B pe3H;cJ;eHD;lIIO <ppann;y3CK11X
1wpo»eii - BepcaJIL. Bume y.me roBopHJIOCb o MOTHBax, Bhl3BaBilIHX 3To, nop;
c1-maaHHoe· Co6paunro TbepoM, 1pemeHHe-. Em;e- tieipe3 HecKoJibKo ,vre:ii:, 16 MaJpTa,
HOBhlM npe.4>eKToM noJIHD;HH B IlapHme 6:bl:I Ha3Haqen 3aBe,I\oMhlÜ 6oHaJl8jp
THCT, OhlBIDHË: mau-�apMcKH:ii: reaepaJI BaJiaHT3H. B cTo:nu:1;e no 11pnKaay l'eHe
paJrn B11Hya B.Bep;euo oM.1:0 oca;i;Hoe no.ïm-ReH:uc.
Bce 0TH MeponpHHTHH H Ha3HalJ:eHHH, -CbIIIaBmHeCH B nepByIO IIOJIOBRHY
)IapTa KaR na pora :e:ao611JIHH Ha roJIOBhI Tpyp;Hm;11xcH IlapHma, cnoco6H1>1 OhlJIJI,
1-.:onetIHO, JIHIDI> em;e 6oJiee yBeJIH"lfHTh peBo.;110u;nonHy10 aKTHBHOCTb Macc. Ilpo
nmrnn;irnHHaH noJIHTB:Ka Toepa HllCKOJihRO He nyraJia rrap11arnH. ÜHa crroco6rTBoBaJia JIHillb 3HaqHTNILHOMy IlOBblilleHIIIO KJiaccOBOH C03HaT0JlbHOCTll
rraipnmcnHX npoJieTap11eB, a Tam1rn yc1ureH1110 c1pewi HHX BJIHHHHH cou;na
.1.ncTOB.
Yme n cocTaB BpeMenHoro QK Hau;Hona.rrLHoiî: rBapAHH, n:a6paHHoro
10 M-apra, BOIHeJI, Rait lI3BecTHO, pHµ; BH,Il;HbIX ;:i;eHTeJieiî napHiRCROTO 610po
MrrTepaau;HoHaJia, n cpep;11 HKX BapJieH H Ilen,u;n. Ha nocJieJI;HeM o6�·e;a;-eJI.e
ra TcxoM co6paHHH, COCTOHBID0MCH 15 Mapra, 6bIJI ·O.IWH1IaT8JI.bHO YTBepmJ];eH
llOCTOHHHhlH cocraB IJJ{ Hau;110HaJibHO:Ü: rBap.u;HH, H36paHHO:Ü, corJiac;e:o yCTaBy,
.I(eJl'eraTai,n1 6araJihOHOB rrnm,n;oro oKpyra IlapHiIŒ. B 11;:R He BXO)];HJIH Telle(Pb
CJiyqaHHhie JIIO}];II, 11 lJH IlOTIOJIHHJICH P.H.AOM XOipûIDO l13B8CTHhlX paooq11M
109
110
«Le Mot d'Ordre>>, H mars 1871.
«Le Vengeur». 3 mars 1871.
267
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upnKa3aHHJI 1rnR noJIHLI.Ü xoaJIHH>> ( commanda en maître) 112. 0 TOM me caMoM
paccKa31,rnaroT n ,ri;aBaBmHe cBo:rr norrn3aHHH reH�aJihl B11Hya, OpeJih ;a;e IlaJia
AHH, Jleqmo H MHorne ,n;pyr:rre, He ronopH y.me o KOppecrroH,n;eHTax 60JI1>m:ax
6ypmya3HhlX raaeT, Bpo;:,;e <<Journal des Débats» HJIR «Le Temps)). ,«B Haeroa
m;ee BpeMH B Ilapnme HMeeTcH ;:,;pyroe npaB:e:TeJibcTBO - rrpaBHTeJIF.CTBO MoH
MafPTpa,- c Hero'AoBaaneM rrHcaJI <<Journal des Débats» 9 MapTa,- 11 a'ro npa
BHTeJILCTBO 0,Zl;HHCTBeHHO nacroam;ee.
Momer IIORa3aThCJI, qTo 3TO MLI caMH HBJIH0MCH .MHT0ffiHRKaMH H tJTO aru
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HaooopoT, HBJIHIOTCH MJIT0.IBHHKaMH >> 113•
)J;efü�TBHT0JlhHO, B o6cTaHOBRe OXBaThIBarom;ero IDHpoqa:ü:mne Maœhl Tpy
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qYTL 61>IJIO He IIOB0CHJIH CBoero IrnIIHTaHa Ha cponape. ÜHK IIOBeJIH. ero B ?tmplHO
II oRpyra, no no ,n;opore, Kan coo6m;aeT 6ypmyaanhl:ë: «Le Temps•, H3MeHHJIH
CBoe HaMepeHne H, IIOBepHyB, nanpaBHJIHCI, B IJJ{ nan;aoHaJibHOB l'Bapp;:e:H, na
y.TI�Y JlJI-:.RopAeiJm 114• AHa;rorHlIHhlH me cJiyqa:ë: :e:MeJI Mecro II B 7-M 6aTaJibo
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rrpe,n;cTaBHTeJIH K-OTOphIX 15 MapTa npHHHMaJIH. Y1JaCTHe B ero H3ÔpaBHH. ÛJJ;llH
aa nanooJI·ee IliP8BMx 1IJieHoB napIImcrrnro 6ropo liRTepaan;:e:onaJia npyp;OHHCT
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,n;e:ë:cTB0BaT1> pacT�eMy BJIHHHHIO IJ;R nan;aoHaJILHOH rnapAHH, TOJihRO 'ITO
HanpaBHBmero B 6aTaJibOHhl ORpyra peBOJIIO�OHHO HaCTpOeHHhIX oqmn;epoB,
m R. Ma pK c . IlepBLiii na6pocoK •fpam;:i;ancKoii BOBBLI BO <l>paun;u::a,. R. Ma p 1\ c
u (t). :3 H r e ;n, c., Co'tJ., 'î. ,17, cTp. 543.
112 Enquête parlement.aire sur l'insurrection du ·18 mars, t. II, p. 11.
113 «Journal des Débats», 9 mars 1971.
11� <<Le Temps>>, 9 mars 1871.
268
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115 Enquête pa,rlemBntaiJre srur l'insurrootion du ,18 mars t. II, p. 546.
,
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117 Enquête par]ementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars. t. III, p. 30.
118 Ib'd
l ., p. 34.
269
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2
3
4
Enquête parlementaire sur l'hlIBurrec,tion du 18 mars, t. II, p. H6.
Ibidem.
«Journal des Débart'S>>, 18 mars 1871.
Ibidem.
18 Ilap1nRc«aR ROMMYHa, T. I
273
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r
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. 117.
G é n. Vi n o y. Armistice et la Oornmune, Paris, 1872, ,p. 411-4117; ·Enquête par
lementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. 98.
7 Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du t8 mars, t. II, p. 98. (rroKaaamrn
Bunya).
5
6
274
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8
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 116-117.
18*
275
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9
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276
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 433-435.
Ibidem.
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13
14
15
16
282
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. 221.
Ibidem.
Ibid., p. 3.56.
Ibid., p. 200.
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18
✓
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I
18 K. Ma pK c. rpam,ri;aHcKaH BoiiHa BO <l>pam::i;n:n. K. Ma pK c H <I>. 3 H r e JI 1, c.
Coq., l'. 17, 'CTp. 334.
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283
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;r:(eHT0JihHOCTI> ROMHTeTOB 6)],nTe:tbHOCTH, paCCK33bIBaIOT HaM MHOrHe yqacT19 G. D a Co s ta. Lél Commune yécue, Paris, 1900. •l). 148.
20 <<La Commune>>, 29 mars 1871; <<Le Cri du peuple>>, 30 mars 1871.
21 Enquête parlemen-taire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. 66-67 ,(1101rnaamrn
ct>eppn ).
284
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22
G. Da C os ta. Op. cit., t. I, p. 148 et suiv.
C 6app1rnap; Ha Karopry. JI., 1933, crp. 20-21.
B. H. JI e H n B. IlaMHTH KoMMyn1,1. Co�., T. 17, crp. 111.
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24
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26 CM. Hanpm,1ep, G. La r onze. L'histoire de la Commune. Paris, 1.928, p. 9-10.
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27 O. JI. B a ii Hm re ii H. Mcrop1rn: IIapBmcKo:ë: KoMMYHLI. M., 1932, cTp. 82-83;
II. M. Ke p me H n;e B. HcropBH IIapamc1wii ROMMYHLI, 2-e B3;JI . M .• 1959, CTp. 189 H c.11.
28 II. JI B cc a r a p a Hcropmi IlapB>KCROH KoYMyBI,Z. CII6., 1906, CTp. 81-82.
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naT1, 6aTaJihOHl>I Hau;noHaJibHOH rBap,r(HH B IIX o6hlqffhlX MecTax c6opa n no OT
HomeHHIO R OTCTynarorn;HM npaBHTeJibCTB0HHhIM BOHCIŒM npu,:,;epm11BaTLCH
Jlliffih CTporo o6opOHHT0JlbHOH TaRTIIRH: <<He nepexo,:t;B:Tb B ataRy; Ha CJIY1IaÜ
Hanap;eHHH rrpoTHBHHRa 6appn:naJ],npoBaTh He60JihIDHe YJIHD;hl, Haxo;n;m:u;HeC.H
IIO coce,n;CTBY C 6oJihillllM:H apTepHHMll, C TeM, qT06hI 0Tpe3aTh 9TH IIOCJI0J],11He;
R c.rryqac BOopymeHHOro CTOJINHOBeHJUI ne OCTaBaTbCH B COMRHyTOM cTpOIO,
a pacrrOJrnraTbCH CTpeJINOBhlMH u;err.HMH BAOJih CTeH» 33.
C1wip-o, Ol{Hairn, r-eiponqecinrii rro.phrn <<mTypMyrom;Hx He6o rraipHIBaH» yBJieN
IJ,H HaI.�HOH3JihHOH rBapp;HH •3a co6oü n 3aCT3BHJI ero 1IJl0HOB H3M0HHTh TaK
TH:Ky. Bo BTOpoiî IIOJIOBHHe )];HH, rroc:rn 3RCTpeHHOfO 3aCe,:t;aHHH, OHH nepeIIIJIB
R rrpoBe;a;eHHIO H0ROTOpbix 'tJHCTO nacTyrraTeJihHhlX MeponpHHTHH H B 2 -qaca
30 MJJHYT J],HJI na11paBHJIH NOMaII;a;HpaM OT)];eJihHhlX, pac110JiomeHHhIX Ha ORpan
Hax Ilapnma 6aTaJII>OHOB np11Ra3aHnH rrpOJl.BHraThCH R u,eHTPY ropo,n;a c n;eJihIO
aaxBaTa BOeHHOrO :MHHHCTepcTBa, pacnonomeHHOfO Ha BaH;ZJ;OMCRO:Ü: IIJIOID,ap;H,
a TaR.me mTa6a HaD;HOH8JJbHOÜ rBap;::i;11rr Il ;n;pyrHX, pacnOJromeHHhlX B ueHTpe
ropo,n;a 11paBHTeJihCTBeHHhlX 3p;aHHÏI. ):(Ba coxpaHHBillilXCJI B apxnBax H aHa
JIOflll!HhIX no co,n;epmaHHIO rrp1nrn3a ROMaH,n;HpaM JierHOHOB, pacnoJiomeHHhlX
B XVII H XVIII oKpyrax. roBOpHT 06 3TOll. BoT noJIHhl:Ü TeKcT o;a;Horo ns HHX,
HanpaBJieHHhIH BapJieHy n nop;rrncaHHhiii <l>a6poM JI Pycco: « 18 MapTa. ]J;Ba
c IIOJIOBHHOH l:faca J],HH. HacToHm;H�I rrpe;a;IIHChlBaeTCH 6aTaJihOHaM, pacrroJIO
n<eHHhIM B XVII onpyre, neMep;:reHHO cnycTHThCH B IIapnm u aaHHTh Ban
;a;oMCRYID nJiom;a,r:c1,, com,œcTHo c 6aTa:IhOHaMn, pacnoJio.meHHhlMH B XVIII
ORpyre>> 34.
AHaJiorHqHoe npnRa3aHrre rrm1y-qn:i n RoMaHp;Hp JierHoHa XVIII oRpyra
Eepmepe.
ÛKOJIO 3 qacoB AHH :QH. HarrpaBnJI n R J];roBaJIIO B XIII mcpyr npnKaaanne
He orpaHH'tJHB3ThCH O)];HHMH o6opoHnTeJihHhIMH MeponpHHTHJIMH, a «co6path
HM0IOIIJ;H0CH CHJihl J],JIH 3aHHTHH rrpeq>eRTYPhl IIOJIHIJ,HH li O�OBpeMeHHO Bhl
,n;eJIHTh oco6hlH OTp.Hp; Ha 1\IOCT HoTp-J];aM C TeM, lIT06hl OH 6hJJI roTOB OKa3aTh
no.n;,n;epmRy ,n;BnmeHHIO Ha r:raBHOM narrpaBJieHHll B CTopoHy paTymH» 35•
32
33
34
35
288
Enquête parlementaire ·sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 180.
Ibidem.
nlIT. no G. La r O Il z e. Op. rit.. p. 10.
Ibid., p. 17.
HecMOTpH, o,n;HaKO, Ha aTB npHKa3aHHH, 6e3yCJIOBHO CBH,r:t;eTeJibCTBOBaB
urn:e o nepeMene TaKTBKB u nepexo,n;e K HacTynaTeJibHhlM onepan;uHM, 60JI1>
mHHCTBO 1IJieHOB IJJ{ BIIJIOTb JJ;O caMoro ROHn;a AHH He OCTaBJIHJIO MhlCJib H0
TOJibKO O B03MO>KHOCTB, HO ;a;ame O HeH36emHOCTH HOBoro, BTOpHll:HOro HacTy
nJieHBH npaBBTenhCTBeHHOH apMHH, Il 8TO B 3HaqBT0JII,HOii CTeneHB CKOBhl
BaJio HX peBOJIIO�BOHHYIO aKTBBBOCTb. HecMOTpH Ha IlOIIhlTKH ycTaHOBHTb 6ow
Jiee TOOHhle CBHBK C oT,n;eJibHhlMB ORpyraMH, Ha ynun;e Bacf>cf>pya, R com:aJie
HHIO, 6hlJIB BeCLMa IIJIOXO OCBe,n;OMJieHhl O pa3B1ITHH co6h!THH Il BCJie.l(CTBH8
aToro ne OT.l(aBaJIH ce6e ,n;ocTaTO'lHoro oTqeTa B cTenenu noaecenaoro reue
paJIOM BHHya nopaHC:eHBH: IIOJIHeiimaH ;a;eMopaJIB3an;uH HaqaBWBX nOBCeMe
CTHO 6paTaTbCH C Hapo,n;oM COJI,t(8T TaK H OCTaJiaCb HM He:II3B0CTHOH. JIMeHHO
BCJ10JJ;CTBHe 8TOro BIIJIOTL ,n;o caMoro KOHn;a AHH HeMHOrBe OCTaBmBeCH Ha
ynun;e Baq,q>pya �eHLI 1(R 11 ,n;yMaJIH He CTOJil>RO o HaHeceHHH HeHaBBCTHOMY
npaBBTeJibCTBY T1,epa IIOCJie,D;Hero B pemaIOID;ero yp;apa, CKOJII,KO O CTpOBTSJil,
CTBe 6appHRa;a; H O .n:pyrnx �CTO o6opOHBT0JibHhlX MeponpBHTHHX.
JJ.omeAIIIee .n:o nac Han11caHnoe K KoHn;y AHH nuc1>Mo BapJieHa qJieHy 1(R
ApHOJib;lzy II08BOJIHeT cy,t(HTb O TOH 60JibillO:Ü HepemBT0JII,HOCTH, C KOTopoiî
npHcTynanu �eBhl 1(K R BamHeiime:ay .l(JIH peBOJIIOD;BB .n:eny 3aKpeIIJI0HBH
Heom11,n;aHHo JierRo ;a;ocTaemeiicH napumaHaM no6e,n;1,1. HepemuTSJibHOCTb aTa
Bhl8LIBaJiaCb y1maaHHhIM onaceHBeM nepexo,n;a npaBBTeJibCTB0HHhIX BOHCR
B HOBoe HacTyrrJien11e. 06paID;aHcb R Apnon1,,n;y, BapneH Hanncan B 11 qacoB
seqepa:
«H :roJibRO 1:1To .n:o6paJicH p;o 1(R. 06ID;ee .l(BHmenHe npo,n;onmaeT pa3BH
BaTl>CH B Hamy llOJib3Y, HO Mhl eID;e ,n;aJieKO He noBceMeCTHO op;epmaJIH Bepx.
<I>aJI.bTO C JIIO.l(hHH H3 15-ro 6aTaJibOHa 38HBMaeT JlIOKCeM6yprcKH:Ü ,n;Bope�.
fonopaT (Ho aTo em;e He,n;ocTaToqHo npoBepeHo), qTo a.n:anne cy;a;a TaKme B ua
m11x pyxax. Pa-ryma e�e He aaHHTa, TaK me RaK II RaaapMa EBre!JHH. 06a 3TH
a,n;aHHH 6BTKOM Ha611Thl BOHCRaMH H oxpaHHIOTCH maH,n;apMaMH H noJIHn;eü
CKHMH. Ilpu c6nu:meHHH c,n;eJiaHO HeCKOJihKO BhICTpeJIOB li y Hac y6HTO H0CKOJihRO 'leJIOB0K. Ty.n:a, O.l(Ha1w, HanpaBJI.HIOTCH B HaCTOHID;H:Ü MOMeHT 3Ha1IR
T0JihHhle CHJihl non: KOMaH,n;OBaHBeM JlIOJibe. HaM coo6ru,HJIH, tITO TOJihKO qTO
3aHHTa paTyma H qTo man.n:apMhl JlyBpa Ta:Kme O'IHil],aIOT ap;aHHe. Üp;HaRO,
B TO me BpeMH HaM CIITH8JIH8HPYIOT O RpyrnlhIX rrepe,r:t;BHIB0HHHX BOHCK
B pa:iione MapcoBa non» H ,I(nopn;a HHBannp;oB. Byp;hTe Ha 11eRy! Byp;1,Te Ha
qeRy ! Bce BJ);eT xopomo, HO Ha,r:t;o onacaThCH B03MOIBHOCTH HOBOro HacTynne
HHH.
Bap.11,eH>> 36•
B 8TOM IlHCLlle npea<Ae ncero 6pocaeTcH B rnaaa HeocBe,n;oMJieHHOCTI. 1(K H
ero OT,IJ;eJihHhIX qJieHOB O TOM, qTo ,n;enaeTCH B ;a;pyrHX qacTHX ropo.n:a- Ka
aapMa np11Hn;a EBr0HHH 6LIJia 6eaycJIOBHO aaHHTa MHOfO paHee, p;a H <<nepe
,D;BHIBeHBe» npaBHTeJibCTB0HHhlX BOÎÎCR HaqaJIOCb 3a.l(OJII'O p;o 11 traCOB Beqepa
Il ne B BOCToqaoM, a B aana,n;HOM HanpaBJieffHH, B CTOpOHY He BeJihBBJIH,
a BepcaJIH. TaKIIM o6pa30M, XOTH 1(R BO BTOpoft IIOJIOBHHe p;HH H OTRa3aJICH OT
TOH, 'lIHCTO o6opOHBTeJibHOH, TaRTHKH, KOTopoi rrpn.n:epmnB8JICH B nepahle
tI3CI,I BOCCTaHIIH, OH BCe me ÔbIJI He B CHJiax Küüp,D;HHHpOBaTI. p;B11a<eHHe H npH
,n;aTh eMy n;eJieycTpeHJieHHbiii H e,n;BHMi xapaRTep. Bcnep;cTBHe :noro II caMIJii
rrepexo,n; BJiaCTH H3 pyK «aaxoanoro» npaBnTeJI1>CTBa B pyKH HOBoro npaBH
1 I1!J)OJI0Tap•
TeJihCTBa, C03,n;aHHOro pa60"t!HMB H npncoe,n;RHHBIBHMBCH R HHM He:
CRBMH CJIOHMH rpy,n;Hru,HXCH, coeepmaJICH B Ilapnme He CTOJihKO no p;npe:K
THBe c ynm::i:1,1 Bacpcppya, r,n;e R ROHD;Y ,IJ;H.H RpoMe Accn He ocTaBanocb noqTH
HH o.u;noro 'IJieHa IJJt, CKOJibRO no HHIID;HaTHBe caMI:IX <<IDTYPMYIOID;HX ae6o»
naipnman. Bo rnaBe nx, npaB,n;a, rroBce:MeCTHO aaxop;nJn1c1, qJieH1>1 1(R,
36
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 40-41.
19 IIap1.nRCMaR
ROMMYBa,
T.
I .
npeR.'1:ym;e-cTBeHHO 6JiaHKHCTLI, HO ,11.e:âcTBOBaJin rroc;ie,11.HHe He CTOJihlW IIOBJI
HYHCI, ,11.HpeRTHBR:VC UJ'\'., CKO.TJLRO pyROB0,11.CTBYHCb COÔCTB0HHhl·M paayMOM li
peBOJIIOD;HOHHLIM HHCTHHRTO:M.
06 8TOM orrpep;eJieHHO roBOpHT BOCIIOMHHaHHH rroqTJ1 BC0X peBOJIIOD;HOHe
pon-yqaeTHHROB co6MTHH 18 MapTa. Ü ,IJ;HH H3 caMLIX IIJiaMeHHhIX 6opn;oB 3a
RoMMYHY, 6Jran1<HCT MaKCIIl\I J1IIc6oHH, uarrpHMep, rro,n;qepK:nBaeT, qTo peme
HHe Ha'tJaTb nacTyII:IeHHe II ,IJ;BIIHYTLCH Ha 3axBaT paTymH 6LIJIO rrpHHHTO 6a
TaJII:iOHaMH nan;Hona:r1,Hoir rBap.n;nu JIHIDL K Be"tJepy 18 MapTa ue rro.n; ,11.aBJie
HlieM II;R, CBH3II C nOTOphnI 6M::rn BeCI»Ma He,n;ocTa TO'tJHhIMH, a rro,n; BJllIHHHeM
6JiaH1<HCTOB 8,11.a, �IOBaJIH, BpIOHeJIH, <l>a.u>TO H ,11.pyrHx. B TeqeH:ne Bcero ,11.HH
Bce c TpeBoroï1 omn,n;a:.rn HOBoro nacrymrnn:nH Boïrc:n :n ,11.ame He rro,11.oapena.JIH
0 6erCTBe T1,epa H3 CTO.îll:[J;hl. 0 TOU me caMOM paccKa3bIBaeT HaM
II
,[(a RocTa, n;e:nmoM oTBepraIOIIl;H:â MhlCJIL o pyRoBo,II.H�eii ,11.eHTeJILHOCTH
QR B ,11.eH1> noccran1u1 37•
TaK:nM o6paaoM, poJib, curpaHHaH QR HaI1;noHaJI1,Ho:â rBap,11.:nu, 6bl.Jia
B p;eÜ:CTBHTe.'II»HOCTII BCe me ,n;a:1e:no He CTO�'Ib 3HaqIIT0JlhHOH, KaK aTO MOilŒO
6hlJIO omII,n;aTh ITO nepBbIM OT,II.aHHhIM HM pacrrop.HmeHIIHM O ,11.BHmeHIIH
K n;eHTPY IlapHma. M ec::rn coBepmeHno HeB03MOïRHO ronopHTL BCJie,11. aa Jle
neJIJier1,e II JlyI-ŒHhll\I O IIO.ïHe:âmeiî CTilXIIHHOCTII HaqanmerOCH Ha 3ape
18 MapTa Hapo,n;Horo ,II;BHïneHIIH, TO rOBüpIITI, 0 BHeceHHH B 8TO ,ll;BllilŒHII0 aJie
MeHTOB C03HaTe:ILHOCTII II opraHII30BaHHOCTII CO CTüpOHhl QK Han;HOHaJibHOH
rBap.n;IIH MOïnHO ra:nme .l]Illh C BeCh�la 60:i:1,m1n[H II cym;eCTBeHHhlMII oro
BüpKaMII.
CJie):];yeT :0.Mer1, B Bn,n;y, qTo HII 0,11.Ha, HH ,n;pyraH 1Ia nMeBmlIXCH B Ilap1Ime
peBOJIIOD;llOHHblX opran113an;HÏI - HH UJ{ 20 OKpyroB, HII <De,11.epaJU.HhIH COBeT
HHrepHan;1Iona:.ra - ram1rn He rrpe,1I.B1I,n;e:.r1I na,n;BnraIOm;nxc.H 6ypHhIX co6hl
TIIH n HaKaHyHe 18 Mapra ne rrpOHBIIJIIl Heo6X0,1I.IIMOH 6,n;nTeJII,HOCTII. Ha CBOeM
UOCJie,1I.HeM 3ace,n;aHIIII nepe,o; BOCCTaH1IeIH, rrpOHCXO,IJ;HBmeM 15 MapTa, <l>e,11.e
paJihHLIH COBeT, HarrpnMep, 6bI.TI 3aHHT IIO"'ITII HCR::CJOqnTeJII,HO 0,11.HIIMII opraHH
nan;llOHHhIM.11 p;e.aaMII, rrpI111e:u pacrepHHHOCTh ero qJieHOB 6hlJia HaCTOJII,KO Be
JIHRa, 'llTO A. I'y:1JI1e, ceRperapb <l>e;u;epaJILHOro COBera, B IDICbMe HK061IHIJ;Y
faM6oHy or 17 Ma pra rro,n;11ep1-rnBa::r HeHcHOCTL ,11.JIH Hero caMoro coa,n;aBmeroca
IlOJiomeHHH li roBOpII.ï B CBH3II C 8TIUI O Heo6xo.J];IIMOCTII BhlHCHIITh, «o "l!eM
p;yMaeT napo,n; B nry6:uHe cBoero coanaH1un> 38. Em;e 22 MapTa, T. e. qepe3 11e
Thlpe ,11.HH IIOCJie BOCCT8HllH, rrpOTOROJI 011epep;Horo 3ace.n;aHHH COBeTa CBHp;e
TeJILCTBOBaJI O TOM, 1ITO 60."IhillIIHCTBO nap:e:mc:nnx HHTepHaIUIOHaJIHCTOB li
cpep;II HIIX ,11.ame 8. Bap.:IeH em;e ,n;a.:1e:no He YHCHilJIII ce6e IICTIIHHOro CMhlc:rn
rrpollcxo,n;Hm;Hx co61,1TllH 11 ,n;aarn He pemaJI11c1, 6paTL Ha ce6H noJIIITJPiec1wii
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTII aa ,11.eiiCTBIIH QR HaD;IIOHaJILHOH rBap)J)IH 39•
BoccTaHHe pa601IllX li rrplICOe,D;IIHIIBIDllXCH K HllM pe
EerCTBO
MeCJI€HHHnOB, BCilhIXHyBmee B OTB0T Ha IIOilhlTKY OTnpaBBTeJibCTBa Tbepa
HHTh
Y HaIJ;IIOHaJibHOH rBap,n;HII ee rrymKH, B:hl3B8JIO
B ero apMBB
B rrpaBHTeJII,CTBeHHhlX Kpyrax CTpaIDHYIO pacTepHHB3 llapBma
HOCTb, ,n;ame naHHKy. Yme OKOJIO 10 'IaCOB yrpa re
HepaJI Bnnya BhIHym,n;eH 61,1:1 OT,II;8Th rrp.n:Ka3 06 OTxo,n;e BOHCR reHepaJIOB Jle
KOHTa H Ilar10pe.1H c Mon�rnpTpc1wro xo:rMa II paiioHa rrJiom;a,1I.H IlHraJIL,
a OKOJIO 11 11800B II rem�paJI <DapoH, co.ï,n;aTLI ROTOpo ro HBHO rrepe-cTaBaJIH
CJiymaTbCH rrpHIŒ38HII:Ü CBOIIX oqm:u;epoB, TaKme IIplIHym,n;eH 6hlJI rrocrremHO
OTCTYIIIITI, Haaa.n; :n :u;eHrpy ropo,n;a. 3a ero BOHCRaMII IIOTHHYJIIICL K MapcoBy
IIOJIIO li j(Bopn;y HHBa."IU,0:0B Il IIO.':Œ.11 ;u;pyrHX reHepaJIOB -- y-qaCTHIIROB CTO.;'lb
r.
37
G. Da Costa. Op. cit., t. I, p. 111-114. TaM me npuBe�em.1 uocrr0Munanm1 Jine
38
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. III, p. 241.
Ibid., p. 235.
fioHHa.
39
290
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,!I.llC.QHilJIIIHbI B B0HHCRHX pH,ri;ax.
C paHfü='f10 yTpa l!JieHbl Il)paBine::n,eTna OlliJI;rJ,aJin pa3BHTIIH co61>rrnii: B a,r::r.a
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H C II!peq>eKTypoii IIOJIHUIUI, H C ropO.::{CROH ,paTyrneft, Ry:1,a B Hfü)HHeT Mapa l'0po,ri;a
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BJu1me K rroJiy,ri;nro RaR p;JIH caMoro Toepa, T8R H ;::i;mI MH0rHx ,ri;pyrHx ero
copaTHHK0B, CT8JIH C0BeprrreHH0 HCHbIMH pa3Meph1 IlOCTlfflli8H (<3aR0HH0e>>
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BOCCT3Billero •Hapo.rta
J:(8JI3:I H8B03MOIBHhlM HeMeJJ;JieHH-Oe BOOlpymeHHOe
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JieTapDKHii: xapaKTep KOTOpüH BbIJpHCOBl>IBaJICH c KaiKJ];.LIM qaOOM BCe 6oJiee u
6oJioe orqeTJ.C1IBo. IIocJie 10 -qacoB yrpa coJJ,epm:aHne nocTynaBmHx K T1>epy
H3 paTymn TeJierpaMM
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crpa.H8HHe IIO IlapIImy peBOJIIOII;ROHHOro IIO.ifül1pa: «ÜqeHh IIIJIOXHe H8BOCTHH
c MoHMapTpa ... BoHcKa orRa3hlBaIOTCH .nencTBOBaTI:>... » ( 10 qacoB 30 MHHYT
yTpa)' <<6appnRa,n:1:,1 H31IHHaIOT ITOAHHM3ThCH H B MeHHJII>iMOHTaHe» (10 11ac.
45 IMIIH.). Ma Jiro1œeM6yprCROro A_Bop.qa TamRe IIOCTYIIaIOT <<IlJIOXHe :OOCTH»
(10 lJRC. 50 MHH.): <<COJI,n:arn1 3,il,8Cb ipaaopymeHhl H 6paTaIOTCH (c BO�TaBmH
MR]>>; Ha 6yJihBape Ma.n,ïIŒHTa na6JIIOAaeTCH TO me caMoe: «HeBOJlhHO cnpa
mrrBaemb ce6H, qTo J.(eJiaroT oqrnn;erp.LI, HX HHf,lJ,e He BHW{O» ( 10 1IaC. 55 MHH.).
<<B cTo,poHy paTymn no CTpac6yprc1wMy 6yJI1,napy ,lJ,BHraieTCH ROJIOHHa [Ha
qn,oaaJlbHhlX rnap;rr;eün;eB], n�eMemaHHaa C COJIJJ;aTaMH JIHHeiÎHhlX IIOJIKOB»
(11 qac. 20 Mll'H.) ; <<B XI oRpyre nce noTepHHO. BoccTaBmne xooH��nqaror
TaM ... CocTûHHHe B03Bparn;aIO�HXCH C IIJIOiqaJU{ BacTHJIHH COJIJJ,aT IIJiaqeBHOe,
OHH ]);eipm:aT pymhH IIiPHRJia)l.aMn BBepx n T. n.» (13 -qac.) 40• A K 2 11aca.M.
ÀHH Ha IIJiom;aµ;n BacTH.1HH BM0CTO OJJ,HOro copBa.HHOfO Rpacnoro aHaMeHH
pa3BeBaJIOCb yme n;eJihlX TPH, IIIO,Il;HHThIX BOCC.TaBmRMH 41•
Coo6rqeHHH no,u;oôHoro po,n;a c:Kopo y6e,n;nJin Ti,epa n ero reHepaJIOB B neo6xo;n;HMOCTH JII06oii n;eHOH H B03MOiRHO CKOpee BhlB0CTH H3 Ilapnma erqe H e yc
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1103]);Hee, peopraHH30BaB HX H IIOIIOJIHHB HOBhIMH Ka,n;paMH, ne npHXO,ZJ;HBIDHMH
B conpHKOCHOB8HHe C HapO)J;HhlMH MaccaMH IlapHma, Ha1JaTb IIJiaHoMepnoe
HacTynJienne npoTHB BoccTaBmero ropo.n;a. Bo 1ITO 6LI TO HH CTaJio coxpa.1;1BTb
B py1rnx «aaKOHHOfO>> npaBHTeJihCTBa H Han;noHaJILHOfO co6paHUH peryJUIPBYIO
apMnro, ecrecTBeHHO, npep;cTaBJIHJIOCb T1,epy iKHBHeHHo BamHoi aaJJ,a1Ieii. R ee
pemeHIIIO TOJI:KaJI Tbepa H OTKa3 Ha:QHOHaJILHhlX rBapJ.(eiin;eB Ta:K Ha3.LIBae
MblX xopomn:x OKpyroB Il!P'HHTH na IIOMOID;b 110:naBmei:My B 6e)l.y 11paBBTeJIL
CTBy. Heaa)l.OJifO ,ll;O 18 MapTa OH IIpHMO rOBOpHJI
CnMOHY, 1ITO oco6eHHO
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pnme, na aKTHBHYIO no,n;;::i;epm:Ky CO CTOpOHhl HaD;HOHaJihHOH rBap)J;HH aana,n;
HhlX OHpyroB: «Ecmr OHa BhICTYIIHT B 6oJihfilOM "lllCJie, OAJIO ee IIOHBJI8HH8
rapaHT.IIpyeT HaM IIJPe]);aHHOCTb aJPMHH»; <<eC1IH m:e ona Jie BLICTYIIBT, HaM
OCTaHeTCH JIIIIDh O,IJ;Ha CJia6aH Ha)l.0.IB,lla Ha TO, qTO QK He IIOCMeeT rpa3BH3a Th 6oph6y»; <<eCJIIl me ... aipMHH ne nl)OHBHT ,ll;OCTaT01IHO:ii TB8tl),IJ;OCTH,
y na-c OCTaHeTCH JIHIIIh e,n;uHCTBeJIHOe cipe,lJ,CTBO, 11T06L1 OCTaHOBHTh
pe
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n BepcaJih>> 42•
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HHIO 11e1peHeCTH aace�aHJUI H3 Eop;:i;o B BepcaJib, OH HMeJI B BBAY B03MOiRHOCTL
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noJiomeHne B IlapIIme>>,- y1<a3hIBaJI OH Tor,n;a 43 • IloJIY1llfB H3BeCTH.H o noR
HOM rrpoBaJie RapaTeJihHOH aKcne,n;H�HH H Ha1IaJie pa8JIO)KeHIDI peryJUipHOH
apMIIII, T1,ep, IIO ero co6CTBeHHhlM CJIOBall{, ceftqac m:e BCUOMHHJI O co6.LITHHX
m.
m.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 65----07.
E. L ,ou du n. Journal d'un ,parisien pendant la ré.volution de septembre et la
Commune, t. I J, Paris, 1872, p. 376.
42 J. Simon. Le gouvernement de M. Thiers, t. I, Paris, 1818, p. M2.
43 Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 9 (noKaaamuJ
î1,epa).
40
41
:292
24
tf,œpanH 1-848 r. H COBeTe, p;aHHOM HM Torp;a ROpOJIIO Jlyn-<1>:e:JIBIIIIY, B08MOfflHO cxopee BHB0CTH HS BOCCTanme:ë: CTOJHIIJ;hl HMeBmHeCH TaM BOHHCRHe
qac!.Œ, a aaTeM B08BpaTHTbCH Typ;a o6paTHO BO rJiaBe 50-ThlCJI1IHO:Ü apMHH.
B npaBHJlhHOCTH aToro COBeTa ero o;eJIHKOM y6ep;:e:JI :e: OUbIT aBCTpn:ÜCKoro
jeJ1LA1MapmaJia BHHAHmrpen;a, ROTqpLI:ii, ŒrnK R3BeCTHo, IIOKHHYB Beay
B 184-8 r., BCKope BO3BpaTHJICH TYJJ;a IIOJIHldM no6ep;HTeJieM 44•
Coo6pameHHH nop;o6noro pop;a :e: aacTaBHJIH Tnepa npep;JIOïRHTL renepaJiy
Bnnya yme OKOJIO 1 11aca p;HH CKopee OTTHHYTb CBOII p;eMopaJIH30BannLie
Boioxa Haaa]J; B sauaAH:Liie oxpyra Ilap:e:ma, a B CJiyl!ae Heo6XOMMOCTH oTcTy
DHTL c ,Hll'Mll AWII,me aa 11� ropop;a, B cTopony Cenpa n BepcaJIH.
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uee m>Yr:HX paccKa8aJI O TOH CTpamHOH pacTepHnHOCTH, KOTOpaH OXBaT:e:Jia
Bcex ·BLICOKOllOCTaBJienHldX opraH:e:3aTOpOB npecTyIIHOH rrpOBORan;:e::e:. BoeH
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BHJIHCh «(pH3HOHOMHH>> HaXOp;BBillHXCH TaM con,n;aT. ÛHH CJIOHHJIHCb C MeCTa Ha
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JieKY pa6011ne H 11pncoep;HHHBillll8CH K HHM peMeCJieHHHKH CIIOKOHHO B03BO
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panLe3aMH. If He COJIJ];8Thl, a IIOJIHD;8HCKHe nocnemHJIH Ha lIOMO�b Heaa,n;a11JIH
BOMY BOeHHOMY MHHHCTpy, xor,n;a OH cropHqa cp;eJiaJI IIOIIhlTKy y6ep;HTb TOJI
IIHBIDHHC.H Ha IIJIOin;a]J;H aapop; B TOM, 11TO He xpacnoe, a Tpexo;BeTnoe 3HaM.H
.HBJIHeTC.H nan;:e:oH8JlhHhlM 3HaMeneM <l>pann;:e:11! 45•
K noJiyp;n10 nonomeIDie ein;e 6oJiee 06ocTp:e:Jioc1>, nocKOJihKY K 3TOMY Bpe
MeHll «MHorne 6aTaJibOHhl 6LIJIH yme o6eaopymenhl [aapo;a;oM], a oTp;eJibHhle
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T0JILCTB0HHhlX BOHCK 113 BOCTOqHblX OKpyroB IlapHïIŒ. B p;aJibHeiimeM, OJJ;HREW,
BOnpoc O TOM, xaK cnpaBHTbCH C pa3roparorn;HMCH Hapop;HhlM BOCCTaHHSM, Bhl8BaJI 6oJil>IDHe paauorJiaCHH B npaBJIT8JlbCTBeHHhlX Kpyrax: 1IaCTb MHHHCTpOB,
B 11aeTnocTH
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HHCTepcTB0 HHOCTPallHldX ,Il;M 3:KCTp8HHO.M COBeru;aHHH ne corJiaCHJIHCb
C M:LICJII,IO T1>epa O aeo6xop;HMOCTH BpeMeHHOro OCTaBJieHHH Ilap:e:ma B pyKax
BOCCTaBllfflX H RaTerop:KtieCKH HaCTaHBaJin JIHillb Ha OTCTyTIJl8HHH BOHCK ;ri;o
JIHHIDI Mapcono nOJie - ,l1;oopen; HHBaJIHAOB - nJiorn;a,n;i, CorJiac�:e:H, B caiMoM
KpaüueM CJiyt1ae - µ;o Tpoxa;a;epo, JIHllb 61>1 He p;onycTHTb p;ame KpaTKOBpe
MeHHoro nepexoi(a BJ18CTH B pyKH HeHaBHCTHOfO 6ypmya3HH u;Rt
HecMOTpH, OAHaKO, Ha ynopHoe conpOTllBJieHHe 6hlBillllX 1IJI0HOB «npaBH
Te;JbCTBa nao;:e:OHaJILHOH o601pOHhl>>, nxo,n;:e:BmHx B Ka6nHeT, Twpy Bce me îAa
Jioch B ROHn;e KOU:�OB OTCTOHTb npHHHTOe HM pemeHHe. Ha IIOMOID;b eMy IIpH
mJIH ... caMJI BOCCTaBmHe Han;110HaJibH:Lie rBapp;eih:i;hl. RaR pas BO BpeMH npo:e:c
XO,D;HBmero Ha Ha6epemHoii ;a;'Opca COBe�aHHH MHMO 3):(aHH.H MHHIICTepcTBa
HHOCTpaHHblX p;eJI C 6apa6aHHhlM 6oeM H paaBeBaIOIIJ;HMHCH KpacHldMH 3HaMe
HaMH, c RpHKaMH <<CMepTb T1,epyh> n <<CMepTb <DaBpyl>> npomJio HSCROJILKO
m.
Ibid., p. 12.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. Il, p. 79 (noKaaamrn
Re�no).
48 Ibidem.
47 Ibid., p. 81.
44
45
6aTaJihOHOB Ha�MOHaJibHOH rBap,D;HB H3 caMhIX pa8HhlX OKpyroB JieBo6epem
HOfO Ilap11ma. ÛHH HarrpaB,;rn:.JJnCh B CTOpOHy ropo,D;CKOÜ paTym11 li CKqJ>O,
TaK li He 3aHHB ee em;e TOr,IW, B03BpaTHJIHCb o6paTHO. IlocROJihKy 3,Il;a.HHe
MHHHCTepCTBa HHOCTpaHHhIX p;eJI oxpaHHJIOCh .TJ:Hllih IIOJiy6aTaJlhOHO.M er�peiî,
](a H TO He CJIHIDROM Haj:{_elliHhIX, Ha�HOHaJibHhIM rnaip,u;eü�aM <<)1;€:ÜCTBBTeJihHO
Hlfqero He CTOHJIO c,n;e.,aTh 110.'I-OOOpora Ha'IIpaBO>>, IIpoHHRHYTh BO ,IOJOpen; H
aaxBaTHTh Bcex HaJIIPIHhlX l\UiHHCTpOB )];O e,D;BHOro 48 •
eHepaJI Jieqmo 6hIJI rrpaB, ROr,n;a 1103,D;Hee yKa3hIBaJI CJie,D;CTBeHHOiî KO
MHCCHH, 't!TO TIOJIOIB0HBe TOr_p;a 6bIJIO CTOJlh KpHTl:111eCRl:IM, 11TO OH TYT me men
HYJI Tbepy: <<MHe irnmercH, Mhl nporra.rrn! Hac Bcex apecry10rh 49• ;D;eno, o,u;
HaRo, orpaHH11H.TJOCh ,D;.1.H l\IHHHCTpOB 0,D;HBM HC11yroM, IIOCROJihKY 6aTaJib0Hhl
Ha�HOHa.IThHOH rBap.n,Hll, He IIOJIY1IBB OT CBOero I(R HHRaRoro pacnopHme
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IIOHHTHO, He IIpHIIIJIOCh ]I;OJifO yroBapn:BaTb: BOCIIOJih30BaBmHCh 60KOBhlM Bhl
XO)J,OM Jl3 ]I;BOp�a Il aapaHee IIO)];fOTOB.ITeHHhlMl:I reHepaJIOM BHHya JIOIIIa]I;hMH,
Thep yme oKoJio 4 qacoB p;HH CJIOMH roJioBy M11anc.H B cropoHy CeBpa H Bep
caJIH. ÜH TO B ]I;eJIO npn ::>TOM BhICOBhIBaJIC.H H3 OKHa KapeThl H IlO]I;fOHHJI CBOHX
KyqepoB. Crreru;naJihHO BhI,:J;eJieHHhliî RaBaJiepBHCKHiî OOKOpT COIIPOBOîK�JI
rJiaBy HCIIOJIHBTeJibHOÜ B.TJ:aCTII )];O CeBpCROro MOCTa, nocJie IWToporo Tbep Mor
yme C'1:HTaTh ce6.H B 6eaorracHocTH.
PaccraBa.HCh c :no)rnH,:::v1poM 3CRQpTa, Thep rreipe,D;a.JI eM y aa1111cKy ]I;JIH
ocTaBrneroc.H rroRa B Ilapnme reHepaJia BllHya. Bropll'1:HO, 11 Ha aToT paa
B IIllChMeHHOÎÎ q>opMe, IIO;J;TBepmp;a.;1 OH panee C,D;eJiaHHOe IIpHI<a3aHHe 6eaoT
JiaraTeJihHO BhlB8CTll Il3 IIapnma BCe 6e3 llCKJIIOqeHllJl BOHHCKlle 11acn1, B TOM
tIHCJie 113-ü li 114-ir rro.:n-ar 6pnra]I;hl reHepaJia ,[(o.n;en.H, 3aH:aMaBmlle AO aToro
OT]J;eJihHhle, ocTaBJieHHhie HeM�aMJI B pyRax cppan�y3oB cpoprhI Ilapllma. T1,ep
1rnTeropl111eCKII npBKa3bIBaJI He TOJlhRO oq11CTHTh IlHTh cpopTOB Ha JieBOM 6e
pery CeHLI (Mcc11, BaH, MoHpym, BHcrep II MBpll), HO II ITORHHYTh Bamneiî
mHft orropHhliî rryHRT sarrap;aee Ilap:0:ma - q>opT MoH-BaJiepbeH, nymRn ROTo
poro Ha�eJieHbl 6hIJIU Ha BepcaJibCRYIO .n;opory. M, ecJIH, npHHllMaH Bo BHHMa
HHe OTCYTCTBll0 B nepBhlX IIHTll IO)RHhlX <f>oprax ]J;OCTaT01IHOf0 KOJIHqeCTBa 6oe
np11rracoB li npo,n;oBO.;JhCTBII.H, oq11m;eHHe nx C BOeHHOH TOllKH 3penmI npe]I;
CTaBJI.HJIOCh BllOJIHe u,e.riecoo6pa3HhlM, TO ocraBllTh 6ea 3aI�IIThl H IIORHHYTI> na
npo1:I3BOJI cy,IJ;WhI MoH-BanepheH MOiRHO 6hI.JIO, KOHetUio, coBepmeHHo noTcpaB
fOJIOBy.
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Ilapnma npaBIIT8JihCTBeHHhIX BOHCK, reHepaJI BHnya oKoJio 5 qacoB )];HH pa3o
cJiaJI ROMaHp;npaM BCex paa6pocaHHhIX no ropo,u;y BOHCROBhlX 11acreiî COOTBeT
CTBy10m;11e pacnopHmeHJUI li :n 9-10 11acaM Beqepa cyMeJI co6paTh B pa:ë:one
MapcoBa IIOJIH II ,[(Bop�a HHBa.TJJI;J;OB IlOl!TII BCe BhlBe,D;eHHhle yrpoM 113 RaaapM
BOHHCKHe qacTH. JJ:mu-ReHHe OTCTyTiaBIIIHX npaBllTeJI:&CTB8HHhlX BOHCK B CTO
pony BepcaJIH Hal!aJIOCh c HO"l!H li npop;OJI.ilŒJIOCh p;o caMoro yTpa 19 MapTa.
B apheprap_p;e KOJIOHHhl HaXO,D;HJIHCh 35 Il 42-ii IlOJIRll H3 6pHra]I;hl reaepaJia
MapIIy3a, coxipaHHBIIIIIe BCe me H3B0CTHhl•2 OCTaTKB ]J;IIC�HIIJIHHhl. IloJIKB 9TB
C H0'1:ll aaRpeIIHJIHCh y TpoKap;epo H, IIpllRphlBa.H OTCTynaBIDHX, ]I;BHHYJJHCh
.n;an1>rne B BcpcaJih Jin:mh 19-ro B 9 11acoB yTpa.
0 TOM, B K3ROM IIJia118BHOM COCTO.HHHll H3XO,D;llJIHCh Tor,u;a IIOKH]);aBmHe
IIapHm BOBHCRHe l!3CT1I, Jiyqrne p;pyr:ax paccKa3aJI C;J9]I;CTB0HHOH KOMHCCHH
He RTO llHoiî, I<aK caM reHepaJI BHHya: <<Ha aape npeKpacHoro BecenHero ,D;HH
r
48
49
294
Enquête parh:imentaire sur l'insurrect.ion d11 18 mars, t. II, p. 80.
Ibidem.
19 MapTa na µ;opore, Be�eii n3 Ilapn.ma B BepcaJib,- noKa3blBaJI oH,
MO.ïRHo 6MJIO YBHJJ;8Tb ;D;JIHHHYIO KOJIOHHy; BCJie,n; 3a COJip;aT3MH Tall\HJIHCb ap•
THJIJiepHH, IIOB03Kll H npo-qee CHap.ameHI:Ie>). ÜH no,n;qepKHBaJI, lJTO KOJIOHHa
:3Ta npoµ;BHraJiaC& Birepe,ri; «Me,l);JI8HHO H neqaJibHO>) H qTo (<CTpax OTile"tlaTbIBaJI
(' H Ha Jilfl(aX BCex OOJllI,aT. KOHe'lffi-O, ne rrp-e,D;B'H:;'1;€BIIIHX e�e 6yp;ym;Hx KpoBaBhlX
H CTpamH:LIX co6LITHH, HO yme pa3MhlillJIHBIBIIX O B03MOlliHhlX IIOCJie.L(CTBlUIX
TOJihKO "t!TO paapa3HBmeiicH peBOJIIOD;HH>) 50• 0 TOM IBe paccKa3bIBaJI H ,u;pyroii
y11acTHHK C-06LITHÜ, BHAHhlii q11HOBHHR Il(pe<f>eRTy 1phI IIOJ.IlIIl;IIJI Mapce:ü.. Mo
pan1,noe COCTOHHHe COJI,I\aTCKOH Macc1,1, ,D;BHramne:iica HOlfbIO IIO ,ri;opore H8 Ila
puma, OH pHCOBaJI caMblMH MpaqHhlMll RpacI-ŒMH: <<B HQqI, Ha 19-e COJI,l);aThl
6hIJIH HaCTpoeBLI CTOJib Bpamµ;e6no no OTH0ill€HHIO R maH,n;apMaM li IIOJilU:�eü
CKHM, 6pe,I\yn\HM 6oK O 6oR C HHMH no ;a,opore, tITO OTKp.bITO OCRop6.11.HJl0 nx.
MM neB03MOiRHo 6:hIJIO OT,rt;3Th HH o,n;aoro npnEa3aBIUI>> 51• A ll3BeCTRhlH csoe:ii
6emenoiî pea�OHHOCThIO Map IV oRpyra Ila·pnma BoTpea, B cHoe spe-MH
npep;JiaraBIDHÜ T1,epy, Ran H3BeCTHO, B03MOïnHO CROpee <<B3HTh 61>1Ra 3a pora>>
JI npn6hlBilIHH B Be_pca.111> II3 BOCCTaBmeiî CTOJIIIII;hl Jlllillh B HOqb Ha 23 MapTa,
roBOpHJI Il03AHee, qTo H Tor,n;a em;e H8.TŒ3H 6:F,I.'IO IlO:IOïnHThCH Ha apMHIO. «Ax,
MeCbe, JIHHeHHhie no:nrn: poBHO HIIqero He �TOHT,- fOBOpII:I eMy COIIipOBOIB)J;aB
mHii ero manp;apM.- BhI :MOmer,e. 6bITh ysepeHhI, qTo COJip;aTI>I CHOBa rrogHHMYT
pyïnhH IIpRKJiap;aMII BBepx» 52•
TaRHM o6pa3oM, IIOJIHhlli paasa.rr, OXBaTHBillllll B p;eHh 18 MapTa BOHCRa
napa.mc1wro rapHn3oHa, Bce IBe He noMema.rr reHepa.'Iy BHnya K YTPY
19 MapTa co6paTb B BepcaJie IIO"'ITH BCe yqacTBOBaBmne B RapaTeJihHOH 8KCIIe
,Il;HD,HH 11acTn. ToJibKO JIHIDh ,n;sa noJIKa - 88-ii, paHhIIIe l(pyr:a:x nepeme,n;muii
Ha CTOpony HapOAa, Il 120-ii, C.lIOiRllBIIIIIÜ HeCEO.ïhIW II03JJ;Hee CBOe opymIIe
B «aaapMe illaTO JI,'0,- OCTa:IHCh B peBOJIIOIJ;IlOHHOM Ilapm-Re n B p;aJILHeii
rueM npHHHJIH yqaC'l'He B 6opb6e na CTopoHe nOMMyHapoB. TpeTHii JIHHeii
HhlB IIOJIK - 69-ii ( Ha 6pHra,n;hl reHepaJia Mop;ron) - npHfü.iIJI B BepcaJih JIHIDb
23 MapTa, XOTH » AaJieRo He B IIO:J.ROM COCTaBe. B CMHTeHHH, OXBaTIIBIDeM
BOeHHoe KoMaHµ;OBaHIIe, OCTaB.îfeHhl 6hlJIH B IIapm-ne He TOJihRO 6 apn1mrepnii
CRHX 6aTapeiî, HO H nce cToHBIDHe na CeHe 1-.anonepc1-rne :rn,n;:mr. HeT HHRaRoro
COMHeHHH n TOM, 'ITO, ecJIII 6bl llJ{ HR[I;lIOHaJihHOH rBap,;:t;IIII rrpoHBMJI B JI,eHb
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Ha CTopoHy BOCCTaBmero Hapo.ri;a lIJIH, BO BCHROM CJiytJ.ae, nepecTaJia 6bl cy
�eCTBOBaTb B RaqecTBe Bpam.ri;e6Hoii KoMMyne ClI.TbI.
*
* *
TaRnM o6pa3oM, 6JIHmaiimeii, Henocpe;a,cTBeBHoiî rrpn-crnHoâ npoJieTapcRoro
BOCCTaHIIH 18 MapTa 6IJJia IlOilhITRa npamITe:IhCTBa o6e3opyïRHTb pa6o"tJHH
n.:rncc ll p;eMORpaTnqec:KyIO MeJIRYIO 6ypmya3IIIO <f>paHn;y3CROH CTOJIHD;l>I.
<<CJiaBiiaJI pa6oqaa peBoJiron;n.a 18 MapTa» ( MapKc) aBHJiach CTHXHMHMM oT
neToM BoopymeHHoro Hapo,n;a Ilapnma Ha IWHTppeBo:IIOIJ;HOHHhliî aarosop
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fOTOBJIHJI. Hey;a;aqHaH BO RHa c epManneü:, My"'!eHIHI BO BpeMH oca,[(hl, 6eapa6oTHn;a cpe,n;H npoJieTapHa Ta H paaopeHHe cpe,n;H ue.11Koii: 6ypmya3Hn;
r
50
51
52
Gén. Vin o y. Op. cit., p ..230-1231.
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, t. II, p. 200.
Ibid., p. 374.
295
HerO):l; OBaHHe MaCChl rrpOTllB BhICIDHX KJiaCCOB 1I npOTBB Ha1IaJibCTBa, npOHBHB
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He,D;OBOJibHoro CBOMM IIOJIO,IŒHIIeM H CTpeMHBmeroCH R HHOM Y con;nanbHOMy
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53
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opa, <I>eppa, Ba6IIK, 8,n;yap11; Mopo, K. ,[(ronoH, BapJieH, Bypc1,e, MopT1,e, fyii:e,
JlaBaJieTT, <!>p. lliyp,n;, Pycco, III. JlIOJihe, BJiaHme,
rponap, Bappy, i-He
2
peM, <Da6p, <l>ymeipe .
m.
1
2
'298
<<Journal officiel», 20 mars 1871. BoaananHe ,n;atHpoBano 19 :u:apta.
Ibidem.
r
REPt:BLI(}lIE FRiL'VÇi\lSE.
-----·-•-----
LIBERT[, ECALITE. FRATERNlTt.
Al) P ElJ P 1-4 E.
CitO)CDS,
Lt> Peuple de Paris a sf•eouè le joug (jU ·on essa)ait de
lui imposer.
Calme, impassible dans sa force, il a attendu sans
crainte comme sans provocation tes fous éhontés qui
"·ou!aient toucher à la R�pubfique
Cette fè.,is, nos frère� de rarm�f' n'ont pa� � oufu porter
la main sur fardw saint(• de nos Hherté-'. :Merci à tous;
et que Paris et la France Jettent ensemble ies bases
d'une Répul>Hque acclamée avec toutes Sf>S consé
quences. le seut Gouvernernent qui ff'rmc-ra pour tou�
jours l'èrf' dt•s invasions et dP'i ?;uetTP� ch·iles.
L'état de siége c...t ft·i t�
Le Peuple qe Paris est convoqué (Ians ses sedions
pour fair.., ses }JJpctfons commu1taJ(•s.
La sÙr('té de tJms lPs citoy,ius t•st a..ss1irt'e par h.1
eoncours de fa. Garde nationale.
/,f' Comilti central 1Ji:, {a (,;ordP 1mtiortalP.
ASSL .lHI,I,!OR.\ Y, 'FEU.RAT, BAlUCK. tt,fouanl MOREAU, _ ,
('. D{ PO�T. Y4.RU'.', UOLHSU'.H, )!OH I ŒR, Got:nmn,.
U. YALETTE, Fr JOURDE. Hot ,,.1,1:u.:, ('.h, L[U.rn:R,
RLA \CUET. J. (�fHH,LA.lU.i, H\lHWt•D. H GER:E'i'.\lE,
F:\81U:. POU,EllET,
---· --
·--- .
-
--
-·· --·-------- ---
--·- -·-·--·---
AcllHIIlA I(EHTPAJil>HOro ROMHTETA HAilliOHAJibH0.0: I'BAP)lHH
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Kaaax lI npottHX }l;OKyMeHTax l(eHTpaJibHOro ROMIITeTa. HapHAY C Ha3BaH
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3
«Journal officiel», 20, 21, 22, 23, 2q mars 1871.
299
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caKII? l1JIII OHH npeµ;cTaBJIHIOT BCIO BTY TpOHCTBeHHYIO KOaJDl�IO?» 4•
«Journal des Débats>> c Herop;oBaH1rnM nocm1nn;aJI: «qTO aTo aa l.J;eHTpaJI1>
Hhlli KOMHTeT, KOTOphl:Ü IlOCMeJI, caMOBOJibHO ,n;eiiCTBYH OT HMeHH Hapo,n;a, 3a
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CBH3b C M0CTHhlMH ROMIITeTal\UI [sous-comité] 3TOii accon;nan;HH» 8.
B oTOM ,il;OH8C8HIIH B o6m;eM xopomo OCBe)];OMJieHHOfO cexpeTapH pyccKoro
IlOCO.JibCTBa BepHnIMH 6hlJBI !CRillh HeKOTOphre q>aRThl 6:e:orpaqnm Acc:e:. Ho
Accn OTHIO,il;h He 6bIJI r.11aBOIO Il.i!Il PYROBO;D;HTeJieM u;enTpaJII:,HOro KOMHTeTa
aan;HoHaJU,Hoii: rnapAJIH 9 . Iliponrnopellm'IO q')a.«Ta:�1 n yTBepm.n;enHe ÜKYReBa,
6yATO HHrepnar,;noHaJI pyROBOAHJI �eHTpaJihHhlM ROMHTeToM Han;1rnHaJII,HOÜ
rBapAIIH.
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pO,il;CTBO Mem,o;y Mem,u;yHapOJ.(HhlM TOBap:0:1::qeCTBOM pa6oqJJX H repoH1IeCROH
r.
«Journal des journaux de la Commune», v. I. Paris, 1872.
«Journal des Débats>>, 19 mars 1871.
6
«Standard», 21 march 18ï1.
7 ÜKyHeB - fopqaKOBY 9(21) Mapra 1871 r. IJ;apcKaH 11:HilJIOMaTHH B 1Iap:e:mcKa8
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11
Arthur Arn ou 1 d. Histoire populaire et parlementaire de la Commune de Pa
ris, v. II. Bruxelles, 1878, p. 29-30.
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IlapHïRCKoii RoMMym.1», nepenop; c qipanuyacKoro. Cn6.. 1872, cTp. 96-97. 8TH rrpoToKo
.;n,1, orry:6:rn:R(:!Bal'I-IIJibI.e B 'leH,aOOIJ;H03HOM, !Kpamie B pam,neÔ'1IOM KOM.MyHap.a 1M l!3µ61JIHH,
Tpeoyror K ceoe cyry6o KpHT.HtleCKOfO OTHOIIIeHlUI. IlpoTOKOJlbl aacegaH.HH IJ;ff HaD;l'IO
HaJibHOH rsap,II,Rll 3T0f0 nepno,ri;a rry6.JîIKOBa:mch .JIHllib B BbI)leparnax l'i B pa3HbIX Bep
CHHX, D03TOMY Haxo;u:Jim;Heca: B o6para;eHHJI pa3Hhle Bap:HaHTbl He BOCC03JI:8IOT aay1:rno
)J;OCTOBepHOÏI KapTHHhl aace,rrnHHH nepBoro BPeMeHHOro peBO.TIIOUHOHHOfO npaBHTeJII,CTBa.
14 Paul Del i o n. Les membres de la Commune et du Comitté cenrtraJ. Paris, ;!8711.
15 HcrotJmIKaMH cne.rr.en:a:n: o )leaTemix IJ;K naunoHaJihHOH rsap,llHH cnyarnr npecca,
nporoROJibI penomou;1rnHHLIX oprami:aaa;m'i, MeMyap1,r. CM. TaKme Ch. P r o l è s. Les hom
mes de la Révolution de 1871, v. I-IV. Paris, 1898; I. Clére. Les hommes de la Commu
ne. Paris, 1871; G. V a p e r e a u. Dictionnaire universel des contemporains. Paris, 1873.
1
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16 «J
ournal offi ciel», i20 mars 1871.
17 E. F a i 11 e t. Biographie de Varlin. Paris, 1885; M. Fo u 1 on. Eugène Varlin.
Clermont-Ferrand, 1934; M. ,Il o MM a Hm e. RoMMyHap Bapnen (1839-1871), nep. c
q>pam:i:. JI., ·1927, Adolphe Clé man ce. Eugène Varlin.- <<La Revue socialiste», M 5,
1885, A. H. JI y p 1, e. IlopTpeThl )J;eareJie:Ü: Ifapm-KcRoi RoMyYHhl. M., 1.956, cTp. 55-109.
Jiyn-9meH BapJrnH.
304
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Bhl3hlBaJia y H:U:X JIHIDb npeap:e:TeJibHhle H8CMeillRH.
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19
A. Th i er s. Notes et souveniers. Pari:s, i903.
20 IIap11mcHaR RoMMYHa,
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B R0IIH C mepcTHHhlM raJiyHoM, B RypTirnx H COJip;aTCKHX illllH0JIHX 6ea ano
JieT H aKC0Jlb6aHTOB - rrpaBHTeJILCTBO>} 24 .
8To npaBHTeJI'bCTBO B MyH.n;npax H8IJ;HOHaJihHhlX rBap.rr;eün;eB, CTOJIKBYB20 ÜM. B. H. JI e- H n H. Jl p<?',HHC."IOfüie R p ycc,Km,cy Il eip€BO;ty IIli[ce-y
M.aptK-Ca K
JI. ny re.rr1,MaHy . Coll., T. 1'2, crp. 88.
2! (<qepŒiaH KHBra...>> , ,CT·p. 91.
22 TaM me.
2 s TaM ,i�e, crp. 94.
24
Ba ;r .:i e c. J1HCyp re·HT. TiepeBo,4 c <pp. H. C. Heiucan. M., 1960, cTp. 1'70-171.
pa
20
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IDHC:b C COBepmeHHO HOBhIMH H He06bl1IHhIMII 3al);aqaMII, KOTOpbie IlOCTaBIIJia
nepe.n; HUM HCTOPHH, He pacTepHBIDIICh, COBeTyHCb CO CBOHMll TOBapum;aMII H3
1rnapTaJJOB nap:e:mCROÜ 6e.n;HOThl, B3HJI0Cb aa pemeHJJe TaKHX npo6JieM, ROTO
phle OTKpLIBaJIH HOBYIO rJiaBy B pa3BHTHII q>paHu;yacKoro o6m;eCTBa.
B nepBOM me B033BaHHH QeHTpaJlbHOro KOMHTeTa Ha:a;noHaJibHOÜ rnap.n;HH,
paCKJI00HHOM Ha CTeHax napumCKHX YJIHD; ll aaTeM orry6JIHKOBaHHOM B O(pH
n;:n:aJibHOÜ qacTn <<Journal officiel» 1rnK npaB:n:TeJihCTBeHHoe 8RHBJieH111e,
YTBepmp;aJI, qTo <<OH He ,n;eÜCTBOBaJI TaiiHo: HMeHa ero 'IJI0HOB aaaqaTCH Ha
Bcex ero npoKJJaMail,HHX. EcJill HMeHa 3TH II He rpOMKH, 8aTo HOClIT0JIII HX He
-yRJIOHHJilICb OT OTB0TCTB0HHOCTH, a OHa 6h!Jia B0JIHI-1'.a. ROMHT0T He OO>IJI rpyn,:.
noü H0ll8B0CTHhlX, Bo 6hlJI coap;aH CB060,JJ;HhIM BOJieH8'bHBJI0HlleM - rOJIOCaMn
215 6aTaJihOHOB HaD;BOHaJihHO:Ü rBap,n;:n:H>) 25•
3m IIOCJI0.D;HHe CJIOBa noKa3hlBaIOT, qTo qJieHhl I(eHTpaJibHOro KOMHTeTa
BilOJIHe CO3HaBaJIH H )J;OJIIB'.HhlM o6pa30M ou;eHHBaJUI 3Ha'l:J:eHHe IIOJiyqeHH:bIX
HMH IlOJIHOMoqB:Ü. ÛHH IIOHHMaJIH, 'ITO Bhlc1yrraIOT KaK p;oBepeHHhle Jrn:u;a 215
6aTaJii»oHoB Han;:n:0HaJI1>Ho:ü rBap;ri;Hn, T. e. BoopymeaHoro Hapo;:::i;a Ilapnma.
B 6oJiee paHHnx ;pa6orax coBeTCKHX HCTOpHKOB M. Il. C1rnopn,0Ba-CTerra�
mrna, H. M. JlyKnHa (AHTOHoBa), II. M. Re,pmeHr:i;eBa, BHecmHx B u;eJioM BeCb
Ma 6oJibmoiiII neHHhliî BI-ma;u B 1rny1IeHne rrpo6JieM I1ap1DRCK0:ii RoMMYHhl, B1>1�
CRa3hIBaJJOCh MH8HHe, 6y;:::i;To 6hl I(eHTpaJibHhIH JW:\UITeT He paccMaTpnBaJI ce6n
IŒK upaBHTüJibCTBO li ne co611paJICH HM 6I.ITb 26.
C 3THl\1 MHeHneM HCJib3H corJiaCilTJ.CH.
,UeHCTBI1T0JlbHO, B rrepB.bIX me p;oKyMeHTax, IIO)];IIIICaHHhlX QeHTpaJibHhlM
KOMIIT0TOM Han;noHaJibRO:Ü rBap)];HII 19 MapTa,- B B033BaHHH K Hapo,r:r;y, B
parn;eHHll K rpam.n;anaM Ilapnma, B IIOCTaHOBJI0HIIH O npoBe;:::i;eHHII BhI6opoB
B ROMMYHY 22 MapTa 27 ,- rOBOpHJIOCh, qTo I(eHTpaJihHhIH KOMHTeT ClJHTaeT
Heo6xo.n;HMhlM npoBe.n;eH:n:e �TIIX Bn16opoB II, KaK TOJibKO RoMMyHa 6y.n;eT o&
pa30BaHa, OH nepe.n;acT eü: BJiaCTh.
3rn aaJIBJieHHJI BilOJIHe noHHTHLI. Tpe6onaHIIe npoBo3rJiamenn.n RoMMyn1,1,
TeCHO CBH3aHHOe C peBOJIIOD;HOHHhlMH BOCIIOMHHaHHHMII O RoMMyHe 1792-1793
ro,n;oB, 6hIJIO O)];HllM H3 caMhlX nonyJIHpHblX cpe;o;H Tpy;:::i;Hm;i1xcH IIapHarn ll no
pa3HhlM MOTHBaM rro.n;;:::i;epmnBaJIOCh Tp01\UI rJiaBHbIMII IIOJIHTIIqecKHMH rpyrrITliI
pomrnMH - 6JiaHKHCTaMH, H00HK06JIHIJ;aMII, npy,n;oHHCTaMH. PeBOJIIOIJ;IlH 18
MapTa no6e;a;una no.n; JI03YHrOM RoMMYHhI.
06'bHBHB Bhl6opbl B Rm.IMYHY CBOeiî: rsramroii: 3a;:::i;a-rreiî Il TopmeCTB0RHO
3aHBRB, 'ITO OH nepe;:::i;acT eft BCIO IIOJIHOTy BJiaCTII, I(eHTpaJibHbIÜ: KOMHTeT,
B TO me BpeMH, H CBOHMH ,r:r;eiiCTBHHMH Il CBOHMH 3RHBJI8HHHMH p;aJI JICHO rro
HHTb, qTo paccMaTpBBaeT ce6H RaR Bpe�rnHHYIO BJiaCTh, KaR BpeMeHHOe npa-
lrnTeJibCTBO.
IlpaB;:::i;a, KaK BTO HBCTByeT 1-13 npOTOKOJIOB aace)l;aHHR IJ;eaTpaJIJ.HO:r.o RO"�
MHT0Ta HaIJ;HOHaJibHOÜ rBap;:::i;HH, HeKOTOpbie q[I0Hbl ero YIŒ8hlB8JIH, qTo Qff
He MomeT pemaTb norrpochl, rro.n;Jiemam;ne HOMneTe�HH npaBHTeJI1>CTBa. ·Ta:ic:,
Ha aace.n;aHHII 20 MapTa, np:u: o6cym;:::i;enHn BHecenHoro BapneHOM rrpe;rv1ome!..
HHH 06 OTCPOTIR8 yilllaThl no BeKCeJIHM, Enii:opa 3aHBIIJI, <<TITO TaR IŒR KOMff'..
TeT He rrpaBIITeJihCTBO, TO eMy Il He CJie,n:yeT 1-rncaTJ,CH OTCpoqeK, HMeIOm;n
OTHOUJ8HJI8 l{ TOprOBJI0>>. RaK Cirn3aHO ;o;aJiee B rrpoTOKOJihHOIÎ 3armcn; ,«,rpa
m;:::i;a1u1n MopTbe no)I,;:::i;eparnJI aTy 'MhlCJih)> 28 • Ta1..oro me po)];a MHeHRfI BMCKKf
31,rnaJinc1> Il B peBOJIIOD;HOHHOÜ IIf 'laTH 29•
25 «Journal officiel», 20 mars 1871.
26 II. M. C Te na Ho, B. IlapnmcKan RoM:MyHa 18i1 ro.n,a. l13p;. 3. M., 1924, cTp. -98..;...99,;
H. M. JI y 'K II H ( A H T o no n). Ila,païRc·mrn Ko�nry.oo 1871. Ms;:i;. 2. M., 11912)4, CT!p, 1,59, JI
CJI.; Il. M. Re p me H � e B. McTopm:r IlapnmcKoii noMMYHl>I 1871 r. lfall_. 2. M., 1_959,
ctp. 194 II cJI. HanôoJiee OT"leT:IlIBO na TO"IKa 3pemrn n1,1paa--eHa y M. M. CTerranona il
H. M. JlyK.HHapHO C HeK0T0p!,IMH 0T0B0pKaMII Ta:K)-Re Il y II. M. Kepmem:i;eBa;
27 «Journal. officiel», 20 mars 1871. Partie officielle.
28 «l:lepna1t mmra>>, cTp. 93.
29 C:�1. narrp. «Le Cri du peuple>>, 21 mars 1871; <<L'Ordrel>, 23 mars 1871.
UK
o6fo
20*
'•301
Bce BTO CBHp;eTeJihCTBOBaJIO JUUilb O TOM, qTo B pHp;ax 11,eHTpaJihHOro KO
MHT0Ta uau;noHaJihHOH rBapp;IIH, paBHO l{aK H B <l>e,n;epaJihHOM COBeTe napIIm
CKHX cem:i;niî MHTepHaD;IIOHaJia, 3aHHBID0M nepBOHalJ:aJihHO BhDKH,D;aTeJihHYIO
no3H�HIO, ne 6h!JIO e,n;nHCTBa MHeHIIH no nonpocy o pOJIH H npaBax IJ;R. H TeM
He MeHee, l(H Han;HoHaJihHOll rBapp;Hll B u;e.rroM <paKTIPI0CKH p;eÜCTBOBaJI JI
BhICTynaJI KaK BpeMeHHOe peBOJIIOD;IIOHHOe npaBHTeJihCTBO. Bonee Toro, oqm
IJ;HaJihHhle 3aHB.JI8HHH H, rJiaBHOe, )];eHCTBIIH l(eHTpaJihHOro KOMHTeTa y6e
mp;aIOT B TOM, qTo OH paccMaTpHBa.JI cefüI He KaK MeCTHYIO TOJihKO napHîKCKYIO
BJiaCTh, a KaK o6m;e<ppaHn;yacKoe H8D;HOHaJihHOe peBOJIIOD;IIOHHOe npaBH
T0JlbCTBO.
B qacTHOCTH, l(eHTpaJihHhiiî KoMJtTeT yme 19 MapTa, ,D;eiicTBYH KaK o6m;e
q>pauu;yacKHH opran BJiaCTH, npHHH:I nocTaHOBJieHHe no nonpocaM B3aHMOOT
HOmennii c repMaHcKnM npaBHT0JihCTBOM. B aTOT p;eHh ynOJIHOMoqeHHhlH :QR
no MHHHCTepcTBY BHyTpeHHHX ,r,;eJI ony6JIHKOBaJI H3BeI:D;0HHe, B KOTOpOM roBO
PHJIOCh: <<Mhl Teneph me aaHBJIHeM, 11To TBep,r,;o pemnJin co6J110p;aTh npe,r,;napn
-reJihHhle ycJIOBHH MHpa, 1IT06hl 06ecne1IIITh 3TIIM nyTeM cnaceHHe pecny6JIH
l(aHCKOll <l>paHD;IIH H ;r:i;eJIO o6rn;ero MHpa» 30•
CaMo HaaBaHne «Pecny6JIHKaHcKaH <pe;r:i;epau;na Hau;noHaJihHOH rBapp;un»,
OT HMeHH KOTOpOH BhlCTyna.JI QeHTpa�îlhHhlH KOMHTeT, .HBJUieTC.H B 9TOM CMhlCJie
UOl\'.a3aTeJihHhlM. He Meaee 8HaMeirnTeJihHhlM HBJUl0TC.H H TO, 11TO :QeHTPaJih
HhIH KOMIIT0T 19 MapTa COCTaBJIHJI OT)];0JlhHhle npOKJiaMaIJ;HH He TOJlbKO K Ha
pop;y n K rpam,n;aHaM Ilapnma, ao H K ,n;enapTaMeHTaM. B paaaoü q,opMe B nnx
BhICK83hIBaJiaCh Ta me MhlCJih O TOM, 11TO ropo,n;a H ceJia <l>paHD;IIU ,ll;OJiffiHhl
o,r,;o6pHTb p;encTBH.a Ilapnma n nocJiep;oBaTb ero npm.1epy.
[(eHTpaJihHhlÜ KOMHTeT H8D;HOHaJihHO:Ü rBap,D;HH 6LIJI caMhlM aBTOPHTapHhlM
peBOJIIOD;HOHHhIM npaBHTeJihCTBOM. ÜH onHpaJICH He Ha JieraJihHhle «06hl1IHhl0»
napJiaMeHTCKHe nOJIHOM01IIUI, a Ha BOOpymeHHOe BOCCT8HHe napo,zi;a. ÜH caM
upe;r:i;cTaBJIHJI co6oft BoopymeHHhlll Haipo,a; IIapHïKa, II IlOCTOH.HHaH MOlllH8.H
llOMepmKa Bcero napHIBCKOro Hapo,n;a 6J.IJia HCTOlfHHKOM ero CHJihI II npn,n;a
BaJia eMy TaIWÜ aBTOpHTeT.
B ,ll;Hli BJiaCTII 1(eHTp8JihHOro KOMHTeTa BO <l>paH�H BhIXOAHJIO O,ll;HOBpe
MeHHO AB8 O<pHn;HaJihHhlX opraHa pecny6JIHKH - ABa «Journal officiel»: OAlfH
B Ilapnme, p;pyroii B BepcaJie 31• 3a aToü p;eTaJihIO, HMeIOm;e:ü Ha nepBhl:Ü
B3rJIHA lJ:HCT·O BHeIDHHH H BTO!pOCTeIIeHHhIH xapaKTep , B p;eiiCTBHT0JlhHOCTH
eKphIBaJJOCh HeqTo cym;ecTBeHHOe.
CBoeo6pa3HOe JJ;BOeBJiaCTRe, <paKTH110CKH ycTaHOBHBmeec.H BO (l)paH�HH
B nepnoA <peBpaJI.a-MapTa 1871 ro,zi;a, noc.11e co6hlTHii 18 MapTa 6I>IJIO paapy
meHo. BoopymeaHaH ,r,;nBepcn.a, npe,u;npHHHTa.H npaBnTeJihCTBOM TLepa npo
THB peBOJIIOD;HOHHOro IIapHma 18 �rnpTa, HMeJia CBOeIO n;eJihlO noJIOiRHTh KO
ueu; BTOMY <paKTH110CKOMy ,II;BOeBJI8CTIIIO, paaopyiRHTh napHîKCKHH npoJieTa
pnaT H no,n;qnHHTh ero 0,IJ;HOH BJiaCTH - ,IJ;HKT8TYPe KOHTppeBOJIIOll;HOHHOH 6yp
mya8HH. Ho nonhlTKa :na, Ka:K 6hlJIO paccKa3aHO B npep;hlp;Yll(eÜ rJiaBe, no
TepneJia nOJIHOe <pHaCHO H np1rneJia K np.HMO npOTHBOIIOJIOIBHLIM peayJihTaTaM.
Hapo,n; Ilapn.ma BOCCTaJI, CBeprHyJI BJiaCTh KOHTppeBOJilOI\BOHHOfO npaBH
TeJihCTBa Tbepa H caM YTBep;r:i;nJI CBOIO BJI8CTh B CTOJIHn;e.
,[(o CIIX nop - T8KOBa 6hma H03hl6JieMaH HCTOpH11ecKaH TpaAlf�H <l>paH
n;nn - paannTHe co6hITHii B Ilapnme onpe,r,;eJUIJIO cyp;1,6y Bceü cTpauu. TaK
6hlJIO BO BpeMH B0JIHKOH peBOJIIOD;Hll. 1789-1794 ro,D;OB, s HIOJibCKOÜ peBOJIIO
ll;HH 1830 ro,zi;a, B 1848 ro,u;y, 4 ceHTH6p.H 1870 ro,zi;a. Topm:ecTBO peBOJIIOll;HH
B _Ilap11me Bcer,zi;a 03HaqaJIO no6e,n;y ee BO Bce:ü cTpaae. AJIH napumcKHx pa6o
'IHX, IIOMHHBIDIIX no paccKa3aM CBOIIX OTD;OB H ,r,;ep;OB, KaK cnacaJIHCI, 6ercTBOM
na,n;MeHHhIÜ HapJI X H TY11Hhl:Ü JlyH-<l>HJIHnII, npep;cTawnmoci, caMo co6o:ü pa30 «Journal officiel», 20 mars 1871. Il o,upo6Hee cM. T. II.
31 IImrnMo 0T.n;e:1behrx n:a,J,e.HRÜ:, oHK o6a BOC.llJ>OH300;teB1i1 B douma} des Journaux
de la Commune», t. I-II. Paris, 1872.
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PEUPLES NOl .R_E EXEJ'-'\PLE�
HAPO,llnl IIOCJIEJJ;YIDT HAIDEMY IIPRMEP'Yf
I'paB10pa Hi. Ropco
3yMeIO�l:IMCH, qTo II0CJie Toro, IŒK Ilap.e:m BhlfHaJI Tbepa H ero MHHHCTp0B,
BCH <Dpanu.1rn:, Ka:K aTo 6hlBaJio H paHbme, nocJie,o;yeT ero rrp.e:Mepy. II;enTpfü'II,
Hhlii K0MHTeT, pa3,l1;8JUIBillHH ll.YBCTBa nap.e:maH, a TaKme no ,o;pyrnM MOTIIBaM,
K K0T0pbIM Mhl BepHeMCH noame, IIHTaJI BO MHOfOM Te me HJIJII03HH.
B lWliCTBHT8JlbHOCTH IIOJiytIHJIOCb llHall'.e. <DpaHII;lUI Ha 8T0T pa3 B 60JI1:.meii
CBOeÜ: 'laCTII no n,eJioMy pH�Y npIPHIH He IIOCJI8,I(OBaJia cpaay aa Ilap:eJReM.
ToJil>KO B H8K0T0pbix ropo�ax HM8Jlll M8CT0 IlOilblTIUI np0B08fJiaill8HHH RoM
HYH- RoeTppeBOJIIOU.Honnoe npaB11TeJU,CTB0 T1,epa He 6emaJio n:3 cTpaaM, KaK
a1·0 oLIJio B 1830 H 1848 rop;ax, a 3an;errnBmHCh •3a BepcaJih, YAepmaJio BJiaCTb.
309
B BepcaJie o6ocHOBaJiach B."'IaCTh HOHTppeBOJIIOTI;HOHHOH 6ypmyaann, B IIa
pnme - BJiaCTh pa6oqero :n.'Iacca. 8TH )];Be BJiaCTH upoTHBOCTOHJIH p;pyr ,n;pyry.
4Be rrpOTHBOCTO.HID;IIX BJiaCTil, ,lJ; B a II p O T H B O C T O .H m; H X K JI a C C a - 8TO
R 03HaqaJio HaqaJio rpam,r,;aHCIW.Ü BOHHhI.
Ho B IIapIIme, no KpaftHe:ü: Mepe B nepB.Lie ,n;HH rrocJie rro6e,n;hl 18 Map1a.
3TOH HeH36emHOCTI1 rpamp;aHCKOH BOHHhl, He OCTaBJI.HBIDeii oMOOTa ]tJIH corJrn
meH.IUI, ,D;JIH HOl\HipOMlICCa, He IIOH.HJUI li He OC03HaJill.
B Ilapnme n;aprr.i:o JUIKOBaHne, yrroeHne rro6e}..{oi, pa,n;ocTHaH onTHMIICTHqe
CHfüI yBepeHHOCTh, l!'l'O HaCTyrr1rnm11e HpKHe COJIHeqHhle )J;HH B0CHhl OTOrHaJill
HaBcer)];a BCe TO T.HiR8JIOe, T8�fHOe, 'ITO yrHeTaJlo iRHTeJieii CTOJIHTI;hl Ha npo
THiReHHII 6eCKOH8qHoii l\fyqIIT8.1IhHOH 3HMhl.
IlapniRCKHii Koppecno;a)];eHT Jionµ;oHcRoft raaeTI,1 «Standart» TaK xapaKTe
pH3oBaJI HacTpoeHHe Ilapn:ma Be-crepoM 19 MapTa: «qTo Bcero y,n;HBHTeJI1>nee,
TaK aro noJIHe:ü:mee cnoROË:cTBHe Ilapnma• .[(eHh 6hlJI qy,n;ecH.Liii, H EJinceii
CRHe IlOJI.H, yJinn;a PnBoJirr, 11 IlaJie--PoHJII> 6.LIJIH aai10JIHeHhl 061:,flinoir BOCKpec
Hoii TOJinoii, npe,n;arom;eikH npaap;HH'IHOMY OT)J;hl.Xy. ,[{ame B irnapTaJiax, om;e
TMHRBIDHXCH illTMKa:MII, He 3a:MeTHO HHKaKoro B036y.mp;eHHH... >) 32•
IBroJu, Bamrnc B cTaTbe, ony6JIHKOBaHHoii B p;Bap;n;aT.LIX qncJiax MapTa
B Ha,n;aBanrneiicH HM ra3eTe <<Cri du peuple>> oqeHI:i HpKo nepe,n;aJI HacTpoeHHH
orpoMHOro o6�eCTBeHHOro IIOA'b0Ma, )TBepeHHOCTH B 6yp;ym;eM, 1'aplIBml:fe B re
,ll;HH B Ilapnme. B cnoeft cTan,e, 06pam;aac1, K MaJn.Jmy, :u:rpaBmeMy Ha ymiJ:n;e
3a 6appnKa11;oii, BaJIJiec BOCKJIIIII;aJI:
«,UeHI:i 18 MapTa pacRphlJI nepe)]; To6oro npeKpacnoe 6y�ee, Moii MaJib
qIIR. Thl Mor 6hl, rrop;o6Ho HaM, paCTII BO MpaKe, TOII.TaTI.CH B rpH8H, 6apax
TRT.hCH B KpOBII, cropaTI, OT CThI)];a, nepeHOCHTh H0CRa3aHHLie MyRH 6ecqecTbH.
C 8THM IIOROH1I8HO!
Mhl npoJIHJill aa Te6H H KpOBb n CJI83hl. T.LI BocnoJII:i3yem1,c.H Ham:uM Ha
cJie)];IIeM.
CbIH OTqaHBilllIXCH, Thl 6y)];eillb CBo6o;a;HhlM qeJIOB0KOMb 33•
8Ta Bepa B rroJIHoe TopmecTBo cBooo,u;.LI, B noJIHhlii
.!(ne rJiaBHLie omu6RB ycnex peBoJiron;im: 6LIJia xapaxTepHa ,n;JIH Tex ,n;Heii.
�eHTJ)am,uoro ROMHTeTa
HaJ\BOHam,uoi ruap� RopHH BTHX HJIJIIOa:u::ë:, aToro ynoeHHH no6e,n;oii, B
)];8HCTBIIT0JI1,HOCTH e�e ;a;aJieKo He 8a:Kp0IIJI0HHOH,
CJie)];yeT IICRaTI:, B IlOJIHTlPieCROH 'He3pB.JIOCTH PYK0130,IJ;HT0Jieii nepBOl'O ·B HCTO
pHH npaBHTeJibCTBa paooqero RJiacca. 8Ta me IIOJIHT]lq0CKaH He3peJIOCTb npe
p;onpe)];eJIHJia p.H;a; omn6oR, p;orryIIJ;eHHhIX I(eHTpaJibHhlM ROMIIT0TOM.
CaMoii rJiaBHO::Ü: H3 HHX, lH,teBmeft He:e:cqnCJIHM:ble nary6BJ.Je IlOCJI0,IJ;CTBHH
li ORa3aBmeiicH B KO'H-ffCJHO'.'.\I cqeTe pernaIOIIJ;eii, 6IJJIO TO, qro I(eHTpaJILHhlH
ROMHTeT 1ne )];'OB0,JI ,ll;O ROHI:J;a O)];epm-aHHYIO Hapo)];O.M no6e,izy, He 3aAYJilHJI
K.TiaccoBoro Bpara B ero OCHHOM rHeap;e - BepcaJie H He YHlPITOiRHJI, CJI0,lJ;O
BaTeJibHO, 01Iara KOHTppeBOJIIOD;IlII.
BIJJia JIII B03MOiRHOCTh 3TO cp;eJiaTb?
Bce II3BeCTHbJe .IICropHKai:u HCTOllHHRH C HeOIItpOB0pllil:EMOCThIO CBH}IeTe.JIIr
CTBYIOT O TOM, 1ITO B rrepBhle )];HII IIOCJie Hapo,IJ;HOH no6e,n;hl 18 Mapra B pH,n;ax
ROHTppeBOJIIOD;HOHHO:n: 6ypmya3HII Il ee npaBIIT0JibCTBa 1'apHJIH CMHT0HHe,
TpeBora, CTpax. B011ipeRII ycnoKOH'OOJihH:hlM ocpnn;11aJI1>HhlM 3aHBJI0HIIHM
nepcaJihCRoro rnpaBHT0JlbCTBa 34 oHO 61>IJIO KpaË:He o6ecno1coeHO 003JJ;aB
IIJI!MCH nonomemrnM. l{aR \II03AHee OTRpo:seHflo np1rnnaBaJieH TMlfP. nep-Bnie
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lliH31fH>) 35.
32 «Standardi>, 2·1 march 1871.
«Le Cri du peuple», 28 mars 1871.
34
«Journal officiel» Bepcam,cnoro npaB1ITen1,cr:sa, Bocnpo11aBe,n;eRH.Lii B «Journal des
Journaux de la Commune►>, v. I.
ss UIIT. ŒIO Arthur Ada mov. La Commune de Paris. Anthologie. Paris, 11959, p. �'1133
310
Bema.BIDBe 113 IIapuma, HanyraHHnie HacMepTb "IllHOBHHRH H 6ypmya npH
HecIDI B BepcaJIL HaCTJ)00HHH IIaHJIRH. C ymacoM O'iRB}];aJIH C qaca Ha "lac BTOp
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"HHCTpOB, caHOBHBROB, ,n;enyTaTOB Han;n:oHaJibHOl'O co6paHHH, 6emaBIDHX H3
CTOJIJID;bl apHCTOKpaTOB H 6ypmya, renepaJIOB H RH.H3eiî n;epIŒH, HX meH H
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B ::nn 'I:aCLI BARR H 6blJia coBepmena peBOJI IOTI;HOHHbIM Ilapn:meM pemaro
IIJ,aH, HenonpaBnMaJI omll6Ka.
O;n;epmaB 18 MapTa IIOJIHyIO, CORpyma10in;yro Bpara no6e;n;y, )];OCTHrHyB
-orpOMHoro, no;n;ann:HIOID;ero BO0HHOro npeBOCXO)J;CTBa Ha.r:,; rrpOTHBHHROM, l{0MO
paJIH30BaB ero BO0HHI.Ie CHJihl, QeHTpaJibHhlH ROMHT0T Ha�HOHaJihHOH rBap,IJ;HlI,
B03rJiaBIIBIDH:iî Hapo,n;noe BOCCTaHlrn H CTaBIDHH XO,:J;OM Bem;eii BbICmeii peBO
-1IIOIJ;IIOHHOM BJiaCTI:.IO, CTpaHHhlM o6pa80M OCTaHOBHJI T3R ycnemHO Ha'IaB
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BaH ypoRH peBOJIIOIJ;lIH 1848 ro;o;a, <lltpn;a;pnx 8nreJibC B CBoei;: 3HaMeHHTOH
36
C. Théophile G a u t i e r. Les tableaux du Siège. Paris; Journal des Goncourt, 2-e
:Série, 1 v ol. 1870-1871. Paris, ŒOO.
117 IDn,quête parlementair,e . Delposi,t:ions, t. II. CM. -r&11rn<e J. F a v r e. Gouvernment de
la defense nationale. Paris, 1879, p. 244.
18 P. D e:l es sa l�. Paris sous la Commune. Documents et souvenirs inédits. Paris,
i937, p. 34-43.
311
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3 H r e JI 1, C.
� Jean Dau t r y et Lucien Scheler. Le Comité Central Républicain des vingts
arrondissements de Paris. Paris, 1960, p. �15.
312
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43 Ibid., p. 215-Q16.
« Jean ,A 11 e m a n e.- Mémoires d'un communard. Des barricades a,u bag ne.
PyccK. nepeBo�: iKaH A JI JI e Ma R. C 6apPHK8JJ; Ha IŒTOpry, JI., 1933, CTp. 31.
45
A JI JI e Ma H. YKa3. coq., n1. III, IV. CM. Ta:Rme pacRa3 Jly:u31,1 MmueJJb o&
ee arnTaII,BH cpeµ;n coJIµ;aT nepcam,CKRx Bo:iicK. L. Michel. La Commune. Paris, 1898.
48 Jean Dau t r y et Lucien Scheler. Op. cit., p. Q.18.
47 Ibid., p. 217.
41 Ibid., p. 217-220.
m.
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rBap,n;HH HeT HHKaRHX ynoMHHaHHH 06 o6cyïRJ];eHIDI nepBLIM peBOJlIO�HOHHhlM
C. A. Dauba n. Le fond de la Société sous la Commune. Paris, 1873, p. 48-50;
F. Da m é. La résistance, les maires, les deputés de Paris et le Comit é Central du 18 au
26 mars. Paris, 1871. B 9TOH RHHre npHBe,n;eHa no ,l];HSIH BCH BCTOpHH neperonopoB Me:IRJJY
�rnpa,MH a Ue11upa:rnHbI'M RoY•TeTOM.
50 Enquête parlementaire... Dépositions, v. IJ, p. 342. HanoKHIIK, no T.apap noap;nee,
B nepHOÂ 1'pe1'WB . pecny6;:rnKJI HOOJJ;HORpaTRO aaHBMM llOCTlil MllBICTpa Il llp0MLep
49
MHHHCTp8.
51
52
53
54
314
Murailles politiques françaises (�aneo:- Murailles), v. JI. Paris, 1874, p. 52-53.
«Journal officiel», 21 mars 1871, p. 14-15.
Ibidem.
HanpnMep, Paris est dans le Droit, «Journal officiel», 22 mars 1871, p. 24.
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20
dournal officiel», 20 mars 1871.
Ibidem.
57
«La Commune», 20 mars 1871.
58 «L'Ordre», N 1, 20 mars 1871.
59 BeHya MaJIOH, RaK ll3BeCTHO, TI03J];Hee B 80-x roJ);ax CTaJI O;J;HlIM Ha n:e..u;epoB pe
<}>opMIICTCKOË: rpymrnpOBKll IIOCCJI6JIJIHCTOB.
60 Il. JI. JI an p on. Ilapnmc1rn.a KoMMyHa 18 MapTa 1871 r. HaJJ;. 4. JI., 1.925, CTp. 84.
C11. Ta10Ke Li ssa gara y. Histoire de la Commune de 1871. Paris , i929, p. 114-115,
55
56
315
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62 «La Commune, 20 mars 1871-29 ventôse an 79,. «Le Réveil du peuple,, 18 avriî
i8ï1-28 germi nal, an 79.
Arthur Arno u l d. Histoire populaire et parleme ntaire de la Commune de Pa
ris, v. Il. Bruxelles, 1878, p. 48-49.
63
316
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64 K. Ma pK c - B. JIH6Knexzy, 6 anpem1 1871 r. R. Ma pK c n <l>. 3 n r e JI 1> c. Co'II.,
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es B. II. JI e H n n. IIpe.n:e:cJioBHe K pyccKoMy nepeBo;:i;y naceM K. MapKca K JI. Ky
,reJI1>Many. Coq., T. 12, cTp. 88.
66 K Ma p R c - JI. Kyrem,MaHy, 12 anpem1 1871 r. R. Ma p 1{ c H <l>. 3 H r e JI i. c .
-Co11., T. XXVI, cTp. 105-106.
51 J. A. Faucher. l,a crosse en l'air. La véritable histoire de la Oommune, t. l.
Paris, 1960, p. 207.
68 CM. cnervrn.rrhlIO O peBOJJIOIIHOHHblX ABHiKefüU!X B IIpOBHHII;HH, T. II, r;;r. 14 HaCTOJI·
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69
Il)IT. no Jean Dau t r y et Lucien Sc h e 1er. Op. cit. (septembre 1870 - mai
1871). Paris, 1960, p. 251.
70
«Journal officiel>>, 20, 21, 22 mars 18ï1.
318
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CTB0HHoro cnaceHHH>> Il B 3TOM CJiyqae BKJII01IIITI:, B ero COCTaB 11JI0HOB ;r::i;eJiera
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11
1871
[(K
21
ll,I{
B. I1. JI e ŒI R H. 0 �oem:mcnur. Cnl., T. 24, :crp. Hl-20.
TeM me-, cTp. ,1'9.
7a J. D a ut r y et L. S c h e 1 e r. Op. cit., p. 218.
74 Ibid., p. 228.
.
75 «Journal officiel», 20, 21, 212 mars 1871.
76 Ibid., 7 avril 1871.
71
72
319·
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HaJibHO:Ü rnapp;H:o:, C ROTOphlMH OH BhlCTynaJI Ha CTpaaIIn;ax <rnoero ocp:e:n;HaJih
Horo opraHa <<Journal officiel».
TaRaH rrpoT:e:BopeqJIBOCTb cy:mµ;eHHÜ He rrpe;::i;cTaBJIHeT co6oü qero-JIH6o
YAHBIITeJibHOro; oHa ;LJ;OJIIBHa 6b1Tb IIPIIHHTa BO BHIIMaHHe HCCJie,zi;onaTeJJeM n
IlOHHTa HM: B ROH0'IHOM cqeTe OHa OTpama.rra Rpaiine H00)];HOpO)];HhIH con;HaJib
HhIH COCTaB Tpy,zi;Hm;eroc.H HaCeJieHII.H IlapHIBa n n;eJIOM n caMoro pa6o'Iero
RJiacca. B 3TOH npOTHBOpeliHBOCTH OTpa3IIJiaCb TaRme HeHCHOCTb IIOJIBTII'Ie
..cRHX B3fJIHJJ;OB H IIOJIHTHqecKHX Hp;eaJIOB, CBH3aHHaH C TeM, 1ITO PYKOBO)];CTHO
77 K. Ma p R c - JI. Ryre.ilhMaHy, f2 anpem1 1871 r. K. Ma pK c n <I>.
-Coq., T. XXVI, cTp. 106.
. 320
an r e JI h c.
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pa6011e:ë: napTHH, ne 6bIJIO IlO,D;TOTOBKH H ,D;o:.rroii Bhl_yq1rn: pa601Iero KJiacca... }} 78 •
B caMOM llCTOJIKOBaHHll peBOJIIOD;HH, Ha1IaBmeiica BOCCTaHH0M 18 MapTa,
6hIJio MHoro nyTaHHD;hl, n ee ruiaCCOBhlii xapaRTep 61>w p;aJieKo He HC(Π,D;JIH
p.ap;a ee yqacTIDIKOB.
IIp:o:MepoM Heonpep;eJieHHOH MeJIKo6ypmya3HO:Ü: Tpa:KTOBRH CYIIJ;HOCTll lI a;e
Jie:Ü: peBOJIIOQHH 18 MapTa MO.ilŒT CJiyiKHTb npe}];BhI6opHoe B033BaHHe O,D;HOro
H3 BO»taKOB Heo.a1w61IHJJ;eB, <DeJI:eKca Ilna, ony6JIII:KOBaHHoe 26 MapTa. B 3TOM
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18 MapTa,
OTJIH1IHH oT peBOJIIOD;HII KOHa;a XVIII BeKa 79 .
A J:(eJieRJII03Y, uanpIIMep, 6opb6a, KOTopyro IIapmR neJI rrponrn BepcaJIH,
npep;cTaBJIHJiac1, 6op1,60:ü npoT:u.B q,eop;aJibHOro Haa;noHaJibHoro co6pau1:1.a,
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f
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8ro HeIIOHHMaHHe Toro, qTo rJiaBHbIM cogepmanJieM KJiaCCOBOH 6opb6hl
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qTo, ecTeCTBeHHO, no,n;paayMeBaJIO o6IIJ;HOCTb MX HHTepecoB, II npII3hIBaJI
K TOMy, qTo6hl Ilapnm (<B3HJI CBOIO cyp;1,6y B co6CTBeHHbie pyKH, C03,D;aB CBOe
npaBH TCJihCTBO, KOTOpoe He 6yp;eT HH npaBnTeJihCTBOM Be;II,BHJIH, HlI npaBH
TeJihCTBOM BepcaJIH... » 82• HeTpyp;Ho nOHHTh, lITO peaJihHbIM cop;epmaHH0M
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AHTyaHa ApHo II 3p;yapp;a BaiiHHa OT
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O,D;HH il3 HHX B IIOJib3Y ,D;pyrIIX>> 83 •
B B033BaHHII Cl>ep;epaJibHoro coBeTa napMiKCRMX ceKJ.J;Mii HHTepHa:o;HoHa.rra
OOBM0CTHO c Cl>ep;epaJih'.HOÏI naJiaToii ,pa6oqnx o6m;eCTB OT
MapTa, IIO;r::t;IIH
caHHOM TaKIIMll BH,D;HbIMH p;e.aTeJIHMH peBOJIIOIJ;HOHHOro ;r:t;BHiKeHHH, Ra:R
<DpaHKeJih, Te:ë:c, RaMeJinHa, Ilen;zi;n, Ilotbe II p;pyrnMH, TaKme HII CJIOBa He
l'OBOplIJIOCb O 6op1,6e Memp;y npoJieTapHaTOM II 6ypmya3IIeii:, a BMeCTO 3Toro
paa;zi;anaJIHCb npH3hlBhl K «CB06o)];e, paBeHCTBY II COJIH)];apHOCTH>> II «peopraHII3aa;HJI Tpyp;a, KaK nepBOMY YCJIOBHIO>} nopH;r:t;Irn Ha HOBOH OCHOBe 84.
8TH Heonpep;eJieHHO-Ty:MaHHhle q>opMy.rr1:1poBKH, BhI}];epmaHHhie B p;yxe
Tpa;r:t;HII_HOHHO:Ü: npy,n;oHHCTCKOH q,paseoJIOTHH, IIOHHTHO, He ;o;aBaJII:I Tpy;r:t;H
m;nMCH d>paHIJ;llll HHRaROll HCHO:Ü IIOJIHTHtieCROiî: opneHTaa;nn.
H BCe me Hap.aJ:Çy C :3THMH necTphlMll, HO B rJiaBHOM CXOIBlIMH no CBOHM
lŒJIR06ypmya3HhIM HJIJIID3HHM 3aHBJI0Hl:IHMH, coce;r:t;CTBYH C HHMI:I, BCTyna,t
78 B. M. JI e H II H. IlaMHTH KoMMy-HhI. Coll., T. 17, cTp. 113.
79 Mu r ai 11 e s, v. II, p. 9.
80 <<L e Réveil du peuple>>, 18 avril 18ï1.
81 <<L 'Ordre>>, 20 mars 1871.
82 <<L 'Ordre>>, 22 mars 1871. B ne"1Jan1 H IIOJIHTHllec1rn:x BI,ICTYIIJieHHJIX Toro BpeMeHB
Bem,B'HJib OOhf.IŒOBt:HHO YJIOMJi'HaJICH KRK CHHOHHM li.1JI IŒK c1nrno.rr Ilp-OJIOTapcKoro p,0BO
JIIOit;ROHHOfO BOCCTaHlUI.
83 «Journal officiel», 25 mars 1871. 9To B033Bamrn, no,n:m1canaoe JI.BYMH BH,D;HI»IMB
):\8HT0Jl.ff.MH 6JiaHKHCTCKOii: rrapTlrn, Boo6ru,e BbI3hlBaeT YP:HBJienn:e CBOHMH yTBep.m,n:emt.H
MH. 3]{0Cb, B lJRCTHOCTH, 6hlJIO n: CTOJlb CTpannoe ,D:JIH 6JiaHKRCTOB YTBepm,n;em1e, 1ITO Q'R
aawm M0CTO B paryme <<He imK npaBn:TeJibCTBo, a KaK qaconoii Hapo.n:a>>.
84
�Les Murailles politiques françaises>>, v. II, p. 52-53.
nx
25
23
21 1Iapumc1<af1 KOMMYRa,
T.
I
321
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KoMMYHI.I npeBhlme Bcero 90•
«Journal o fficieb, 21 mars 1871, p. 16.
Ibidem.
87 Ibidem.
88 K. Ma pK c.- JI. KyreJI1>MaHy, 12 anpeJrn 1871 r. K. Ma p Re a cD. !3 ure JI 1, c.
Co11., T. XXVI, CTp. 105.
89 B. H. JI e a 11 a. ,L(oKJia� na VII C'bea,ue PKII (6) o nepec110Tpe nporpa10Œ,1 B Ba
aaeueHHH H33B3HH1I napTHH. CotJ:., T. 27, CTp. 109.
io CM. B. H. Jl e H H H. II pe:rmCJion11e 1K ipyooiroKy n:eipœoJrY u11C0M K. Mapiroa. R
JI. K-yTeJlLMaHy. Coli., T. 12, CTp. 88.
85
86
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91 «qepHaH KH.nra... », crp. 91.
«Journal officiel», 20 mars 1871.
93 rpeJI1,e yme 1.9 MapTa cocrasn.ï cBon npnKa3hl (cM. «Journal officiel», 20 mars
1871).
94 lli. Ba JI JI e c. YKa3. cotJ., crp. 177.
95
«Journal officieh>, 20 mars 1871.
96 «lJepHaH KHHra ... >>, crp. 91-92.
97
«Journal officiel», 23 mars 1871.
92
324
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98 «Journal officiel», 30 mars 1871; CM. ra1-.me «IlpornKo.1br 3ace�aHHH Tiap:e:mcKoi f
RoMMYHLI 187b, T. I. M., 1959, crp. 40-43.
99 «Journal officiel», 20 mars 1871. I10;::i:qep1rnyTO MHOH.- A. M.
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« ...
100 mrom, B a 11 JI e c. YKa3. co11., cTp. 179-182.
«Daily News», 30 march 1871. I.l;HT. no Apxirny MapKca H 8ureJIJ,Ca, T. IIl(VIII),
CTp. 135.
102 L a u r e n t. La Commune de 1871. Paris , 1934, p. 5; o6 9TOK me BO 11aorHx Me11yapax.
103 «J ournal officiel», 23, 24 mars 1871; MeMyapLI JlHccarapa, Banxeca H ,l'.q).
101
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HCRaJI C HHMH ROHTaRTa 108•
U:R'.
«Journal officiel», 23 mars 1871.
Ibidem.
106 Lissa gara y. Op. cit., ed. 1929, appendice, p. 488-480.
107 dournal officiel», 25 mars 1871.
108 8To uarJIH,l(HO MOlliHO IlO,D;TBep;uBTI, Ha npHMepe aan6oJiee B3B0CTHhIX MeMyapoB
Jluccarapa. Ha 'IP.Thlpex rJiaB, IlOCBSIII�eHHhIX ,neHT0JlbHOCTll 11;1{ Ha�HOHaJibHOH rBap,n1rn:,
OKOJIO �BYX TpeTe.è: T0KCT8 IlOCBHID;eHo neperoBopaM C MapaMB. (Li SS aga fa y. Op. cit.,
p. 107-138).
104
105
327
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nparn;a10Tca He TOJihRO B BbI6opHI:.IX, HO II B CMeHJleMbiX IIO nepBOMY TPe6oBa
HIIIO Hapo,r:i;a, CBO,IVITCH Ha IIOJIOIB9Hlle npoCTLIX ynoJIHOM01r0HH LIX ••• , 109 •
Il
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cy,n;apcTBa>> 110•
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RpaTH3an;nn o6rn;ecTBeHHoro crpoH 111• Hapo,u; Ilapnma, coa,u;aBaH rocy,u;apCTBO
HOBOfO THIIa - nepBhlH OIIhIT l];HRTaTyphl npoJieTapHaTa, TeM caMhlM coa;::,;a
lJaJI JI Han6oJiee ITOJIHYIO H IIOC.?10,lJ;OBaTeJihHYIO q>opMy ,u;eMoRpaTHlI - p;eMORpa
THII npoJieTapCROH.
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Ilap11mcKoii KoMMYHhl pa3BIIBaJin H coBepmeHcTBOBaJIH 3TOT HOBhlH rnn ro
cy,n;apcTBa. Üp;Hano naqa.rro 3TOMY Be."'lJIROMY HCTOpH1IeCROMY TBopqecTBY Ha
pO,IJ;HhlX Macc II pemeHne B rJaBHOM, B OCHOBHOM 3TOÜ: B0JIHROÜ: HCTOplilleCKOH
3ap;a1IH na,r:i;aeT Ha Ha"I!a.'.IhHbIR rrepHO)J; peBO.TIIOD;HlI 1871 ro;::,;a II CBH3aHo C ,u;eH
T0JihHOCThIO nepnoro peBOJIIOIJ;IIOHHOfO npBHT0JihCTCBa - QeHTpaJihHOro ROMH
T0Ta HaIJ,HOHa.:IhHO:Ü: rBapp:rin.
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Con;oaJILHoe
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saKOHOAaTeabCTBO
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ncero 10 ,u;neii; R TOMY me IJJ\ BCer,u;a paccMaTpnnaJI
ce6H :na:n npeMeHHOe npanHT€.1bCTBO, npH3BUHHOe IlOWOTOBIITI, C03hlB RoM
MYHhl, H IIOTOMY He C1-IHTaJI ce6H BnpaBe, RpoMe cJiyqaeB RpaiiHe:Ü Heo6xop;n
MOCTlI, Bropra TbCH B cqiepy 3aROHo;::t;a T0JlhCTBa, OTHOCHBmeroca, no MH0HHIO
QR, :n ROMnerenn;1ur IIapHIBCRoiî I�oMMyHhI 112•
TeM .aa�reqare:IbHee, "CJTO, H8'CMOTJ)H Ha BIIOJIJile 003IIaT0Jil>B.Oe orpaHH1I0H1.He
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109 B. M. JI e H RH. 0 ,J;BoeB.1acnm. Co11., T. �t CTp. 20.
110 TaM me.
l 11 C M. B. J1. JI e H H H. 1·poiKH nO.MM)"Hbl. ColJ .. T. 13, CTp. 438; roc�apcTBO H 1p€BO
.TUOIJ;HH. Coq., T. 25, CT'p. 391-393 R �p.
112 OM., HarrpHMep. 3i"IHB.i:emie IJ;I{ HaU. rnap,11nf or 7 arrpe-.1.H 1871, «Journal officiel ►>,
7 aYril 18ï-1.
328
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H rrpHKa3 HaqaJibHHKaM TIOpeM 06 HX OCB06om;a;eHHH 113• Bce 3aTOlJ:eHHhle npa
BHTeJII,CTBOM Hau;HoHaJihHOH B3MeHhl H npaBHTeJibCTBOM Tbepa, a IIX 61>1JIO
HeMaJio, o6peJIII CBo6o.u;y. PeBOJIIOD;llOHHOe rrpaBHTeJihCTBO He CMOfJIO, OJI.Hairn,
OCB060p;HTb BJiaHKH, KOTOphlË: 6hLIT apecTOBaH II coµ;ep.maJICH B 38KJIIO"tleHHH
BHe IIapHma. MnoroKpaTBhle rrorrhITKH nyTeM o6MeHa ;rn160 ;a;pyrHM rryTeM
,n;o6IITbCH 0CBo6om,u;eHHJI aBTOpHT0THeiirnero <ppaHD;Y3CRoro peBOJIIOIJ;lIOHepa,
H8II3MeHHO OTBepraJIHCb BepcaJibCIHIM npaBBT0JlbCTBOM 114,
Ha nepBhlX me aace,u;aHBHX IJJ{ 19 MapTa IIOCJie o6cym;a;eHIUI 6hlJUI rrpH
HHThl ll 20 MapTa orry6JIHKOB8Hhl BaIBHhle con;naJihHhle 3a:IWHhl. IIpaBRT0Jib
CTBO aarrpeTBJIO Bnpe,u;L AO oco6oro pacrropHIBeHBH npon3BO;i:t;BTh rrpo;i:i;amy 3a
JIO)IŒBHhlX B JIOM6ap;i:i;e Bern;eü, a 3aTeM IIOCTaHOBBJIO B03BpaTBTb BJiaµ;eJib"IJ;aM
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TeJihHOCTh C aarrpern;eHHJI npo.o;amH Bern;eii B JIOM6app;ax Il 3anpe:m;eHHH BhlCe
JIJITb 6e,IJ;HHKOB, 3a,IJ;oJU-KaBIIIHX CBOHM KBapTHPOX03HeBaM.
B nHTl8'l}ecax me aeHMyin;HX TPYAHIJJ;IIXCH cTo:rHn;hr l(eHTpaJihHhlii ,JmMnTeT
ycTaHOBBJI 1peryJIHPHYID BhlIIJiaTy m:aJioBaHb.H Hau;i1,0HaJihHbU:I. rBa pp;eIÏUaM li
IIOCTaHOBBJI BhI,IJ;eJIHTb 1 MJIH. cppaHKOB Ha BhI)];aqy noco6n:ii Han6oJiee Hy
m.o;aIOID;HMCH.
Ilpo.JIBJIHJI aa6oTy He TOJlhRO 06 yp;oBJI8TBOpeHHH Ma TCpMaJihHhIX, HO H ,u;y
XOBHhlX 3anpocoB Hapo)];a, rrepBoe rrpamITe:.rbCTBo pa6oqero KJiacca nocTaHo
BH_Jio OTKphlTb ,IJ;JIH cno6o;i:i;aoro nocem;eHmI JlyBp, Tron.rrhpttfrc1rnii ;i:t;Bopen;, My3eH R napKH CTOJIHD;hl 116•
TaKoe IIOCTaHOBJieHne, KaR OTCPOIIRa yrrJiaThI IIO BeRCeJIHM, CBB,IJ;eTeJib
CTBOBaJIO, llTO ll;eHTpaJihHhlH ROMHTeT CTpeMH."JJCH He TOJihRO YAOBJieTBOpBTh
caMhle HeOTJIOmHhle HYiR,IJ;hl Hapop;a, HO II o6ecrre'IHTh ce6e IIOJJ;;a;epIBKY MeJI
KOH H .n;ame ll8,CTH"q]Jl() cipeAJHeii 6ypmyaa,nn, YAOBJie-TBOpBB nx meJLaHHH B ca
MOM OCTpO.:M A,JIH IDIX BOIIpoce - Kpe,IUITe.
l(enTpaJU,HhlH ROMHTeT cyMeJI 06ecne1IBT.b 6eaorracHOCTb BC0M rpamp;aHaM
CTOJIHD,hl. BonpeKH -qy,n;OBBIIJ,HhlM H06hIJIBD,aM, C04HHHCMhIM npop;aIBHhIMH
nephHMB 6ypmya3Hoii ne"tlaTH o <<paa6oax►>, o «xaoce>>, .HIW6hl n;apHBIIIHX
n IIapnme, CTOJIRD;a B AHH npaBHTeJihCTBa pa6oti:ero mrncca IBHJia CIIOROHHee,
lleM 1rnr,ua-Jin60.
1
B tJ:0:cJie
pa3JIHtJ:HhIX wrnepc:i1ii, rrpe.n;rrpHHHThIX IIjpaBirTeJII,JC'T'BOM Bepcam1
npoTHB peBOJIIOD;:UOHHOro IlapHma, 6hIJia H HaMepeHHa.H aachIJIKa B CTOJIHD;Y
yroJIOBHbIX rrpecTyIIHBROB, rrpep;ycMOTPBTe.JihHO Bhlnym;eHHhIX H3 TIOpeM npn
crreIIIHHKUMH T1>epa. Ho l(enTpaJibHhIÜ IWMHTeT cyMeJI napnponaTh sTy npa
»rncH,yro rrpOBOKan;nro npoCTblMH BHeprH1IHhIMH MepaMH - OH ony6JIHROBaJI
KOpOTKOe yBep;OMJICHIIe: «I{am;i:t;bIJ[. l'\TO 6y;a;eT 3ac-rurHyT BO BpeMH aKTa
113
11•
115
116
<<Journal officiel», .20 mars 1871.
CM. G. Geffroy. L'Enfermé. Paris, 1897.
«J our nal officiel», 21 mars 1871.
Ibid., 23 mars 1871.
329
1<pamn, 6y,n;eT HeMe,r(JienHo paccTpeJIHH>> 117• Ehoro 6hIJIO BIIOJIHe µ.ocTaT01IHO,
1JT06hl IIOJIOiRHTh ROHen; BCHROMY BOpOBCTBY H HapymeHHIO IIOpH,n;I<a.
Ilapm« pa6oqeft peuoJI10n;iu1, IlapHm RoMMyHapoB, MOïIŒT 6h1Tb, BIIepBhle
IIOCJie 1793 ro.n:a, sam:m1 CIIO.EWllHO, He aanHpaH µ.nepeii Ha THlli0Jible 3aCOBhI,
ne onacaHCb rpa6HTeJieii; MaJio RTO pemaJICH napymnTb peBOJIIOIJ;HOHHhl:Ü II0pH,n;OR, oxpam1eMhI:ii CaMMM BOOpymeHHhIM Hapo,n;oM.
l(eHTpaJibHhIM .KOMHTeT C nepBblX me marOB CTOJU{HYJICH C OTCyTCTBHeM
,n;eHeiKHhlX cpe,n;CTB. lliyp,n: II BapJieH, ;:i:eJieraThl MIIHHCTepCTBa q>nHaHCOB,
19-ro 11an1paBHJIIICb BO <DpaHn;y3CRllii 6aHR. PyJJaH, B TO Bp0MH ynipaBJIHIOID;IIH
6aH1WM, fü,rJI qeJIOBeROM coo6pa3HTeJJhHhIM: «ct>paHD,Y3ClHl:Ü 6aHK He 33HH
MaeTCH IIOJIMTHIWH. <Da1{THqec1we npaBnTeJibCTBO - Bhl>>,- sa.HBIIJI OH, H Bhl
;naJI BapJieHy H lliyp,n;y 1 MJIH. <ppaHROB 118• B TOT me Beqep no Bcex OKpyrax
HaIJ;HOHaJibHhIM rBap,a;e:iiu;aM 6hIJIO BhIIIJiaqeao maJIOBaHhO.
Ho Kor,n;a 22-ro BapJieII n IBypn noTpe6oBann oT <l>paa:a;yacRoro 6aHRa
em;e O,D;.0.H MHJIJIHOH Ha TeRym;ne HyïR,n;bI, pacxpa6pHBIDBHCJI ynpaBJIHIOID;HH
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(pllHaHCOBOH, a IlOJIHTH'IJeCROil rrpo6JieMOH.
11HTepeChl peBOJIIOIJ;HH Tpe6oBaJIH H€M€,lVIeHHOrO 3aHHT1IH 6aHKa li KOHq>H
CRaI�HH Bcex xpaHHBIIIH.XC.H B ero KJia,D;OBhlX n,eHHOCTe:ii, IIO npaBy IIPHHa,n;Jie
maBmnx Hapo,n;y. (ha Mepa HaHecna 6hl CHJihHe:ü:m:a:ü y,n;ap no noa:un;HHM Kpyn
Hoiî 6yp,Ryaam1, B 113B9CTHOH Mepe aROHOl\UPieCKH pa3opy:mHJia 6h! ee H npe
KpaTI-IJia 6bI Bhl)':C81IY BepcaJibCROMY rrpaBHTeJibCTBY ,n;eHer 113 <l>paan;yacKoro
6aHirn, KO'l'OpaH rr,pon3B0,D;HJiaCI:, Ha IIpüTIUIŒHHR m;ero cym;ecTBOBaHBH npaBB
TeJihCTBa pa6oqero RJiacca B Ilapnme 119•
II MapKc, n JleHllH, a1HaJIII3Hpyn: 01n,1T RoMMyHhl, ClJHTaJIH npoHBJI8Jl!HyIO
eIO HepemnTeJlhHOCTb Il po6ocTh no OTHOIII9HHIO K <l>pann;yacKOMY 6aHKY o,n;
HOH .ua RPYIIHhlX ee omH6oR 120•
HoaeqHo, )J;JI.H IJ;eHTpaJibHOfO KOMHTeTa Han;noHaJILHO:Ü rnapAHH HepemH
TeJihHOCTh B OTHomeHIIII R ct>ip am::i;yacirnMy 6anRy ÔhlJia 6onee 00".bHCHBMOH,
lJeM Jl,JIH. H'.OMMYHhI: paccMaTplIBaH ce6H. }ŒK BpeMeHHOe npaBHTeJILCTBO, OB
c1InTaJI ce6a ne BrrpaBe peman, Borrpochl, no,n;Jiemai:n;ue KoMneTeHD,HH HoM
MYHhl. Ho KaR 61,1 TaM HII 6hlJio, ocTaeTc.H 6eccrropHMM, 1JTO QK nan;11onaJI1>Ho:Ü
rBap)J;HlI COBepIIIHJI 60JihIIIYIO IIOJIHniqecKyro omu6Ky B BTOM BOIIpoce.
Ycrrex Hapo;r;Ho:Ü peBOJIIOD;ID'[, uaqaTo:Ü Jio6e,n;oHoc
�eBT})8JlbBhIH ROHBTeT HhlM BoccTaHHeM npoJieTapnaTa B Ilapnme, aam1ceJI
Ha�BOH8HbHOÜ rBapAHH
BO MHOrOM OT Toro, y,n;aCTCJI JIii pa6oqeMy KJiaccy
D KpeCTb.RHCTBO
ycTanoBHTh COI03 C KpecTLHHCTBOM. 9To 6LIJio pe
ma10m;HM ycJIOBHeM rro6e�hI npo.rreTaipcROH peBOJIIO:qHH B TaKOH CTpaae, KaK
<l>pan:q11H BTopoii IIOJIOBRHhl XIX B., c ee npeo6Jiap;a10m;nM KpecTMIHCKHM Ha
ceJreHHeM. Yme orrhIT peBoJI10�1n1 1848 ro;o;a 110Ka8aJI nc-e nary6Hhle noeJI:en
CTBll.H paso6i:n;eHHH CHJI RpeCTbHHCTBa Il pa6oqero 1macca. B 1871 fOJl.Y aa,n;aqa
npllBJieqeHHH Rp0CTbHnCTBa na CBOIO CTOpony CTOHJia nepe)']; (J>paan;yacKHM
npoJJeTapnaToM ne Meaee ocTpo.
«Journal officiel>>, 24 mars 1871.
Lissagaray. Op. cit., p. 122.
119 Gabriel Ramon. Histoire de la Banque de France d'après les sources originales.
Paris, 1929, p. 362.
120 CM. R. Ma pK c. rpamp;aHcKaH Boi'ma BO <I>pa�u. Co"'I., T. f7; B. H. JI en n H.
YpoKH HoMMym,1. Coq., T. 13, cTp. 438.
117
118
330
B
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T0JILHO K nepuo.u;y .o;eHTeJILHOCTH Ilapnmc1wü KoMMYHhl 121• l].nH aToro ecTL,
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no6e.n;hl HapO,IJ,HO.Ü peBOJIIOD;HH.
CTaBHJIO JIH nepep; co6oü aTy 3a.u;a11y nepnoe npaBnTeJihCTBo pa6011ero
KJiacca - QeHTpaJihHLIH ROMHT0T Han;HoHaJihHOH rBap,IJ,HH aa :KOpOTRHH, 'Jl,0CHTH,IJ,HeBHhÙÎ cpOK CBOero npe6hIBaHHH y BJiaCTH?
B AOCTYIIHhlX HCTOpHKY HCT01IHHKax Mhl He Haxop;HM TaKHX )];ORyMeHTOB
IJ;K uan;uouaJihHOH rnap;::i;:an, KOTophrn 6MJIH 6hl rroxom:a Ha cnen;n:aJihHhle
npOKJiaMaD;HH K KpeCThHHaM, Bhlnyru;eHHhle II03,IJ,Hee B 100 ThlCH'Iax 8K30MilJUI
poB KoMMyHoü 3a BhlpaanTeJihHOn: nop;i1nch10 «napnmcK1rn pa6oque>> 122•
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CTBeHHOÜ My)];pOCTH npaBHT8JlhCTB3 paéfoqnx. Oqmn;uaJihHO 38HBHB O TOM, 'CfTO
OHO npuanaeT YCJIOBHH npeJIHMHHapHoro MHpa, IlOJJ;IIHC3HHhle ero 6ypmyaa
HhIM:0 npenmeCTB0HHHKaMH, npaBHT0JlhCTBO pa6oqero KJiacca ycTpaHHJIO no
BO;r::( µ',JIH rrpoBOKao;HOHHbIX HJIH HH:h!X Bpam;1,e6HbIX p;eÎηCTBH:Ü repMaHCIWro npa
BHT-0JibCTBa H ,e-ro BOOpymeHHI.IX CHJI H OCJia6JUIJIO BOOMOiRHYIO Oll'aCHOCTh
Ilap.Mmy CO CTOP,OHhl HeMn;eB.
8ro saHBJieane 6hlJIO BamHo B B HHOM OTHomeu11n. Bhr6ophI B HaIJ;HoHaJin
noe co6paHne 8 cpenpaJur c oqenn,n;HOCThIO noRaaaJin, 1ITO no.n;aBJIHIDm;ee 6oJIL
mHHCTBo 1rnfürpaTeJieH H, npemJI,e ncero KpecThHHe, He XOTHT rrpop;OJiïR9HJUI
BOHHhl. OfornareJibCTBo QK Han;11oaaJibHO:Ü rnapp;nn: co6Jirop;aTh ycJionna Mupa,
npHHHThle npe;n:mecTBOBaBillllM eMy rrpaBHTeJU,CTBOM, p;om«HO 6bIJIO, Heco
MHeHHO, yc1101WHTh KpeCThHHCTBO.
121 A. l1. Mo JI o K. IlapnïKcKa.H KoMMyHa n RpecTb.HHCTBo. JI., 1925.
122 ::ho B038Ban:ae 6LIJIO TamRe HanncaHO AH,n_pe Jleo. 11o,n_po6Hee CM.
II(ero aanaBHJI.
123 «Journal officiel», 20 mars 1871.
12• dournal officiel», 21 mars 1871.
T.
II HaCTOH
331
Ho rJiaBHOe 6hIJIO He B 8TOM. B TOM me aaHBJI0HllH ll;eHTpaJibHOro ROMH
TeTa 20 MapTa )];OIIOJIHHT0:IbHO YI-Œ3hlB8JIOCh, qTo OH, QeHTpaJII.HhlH IWMHTeT,
CllHTaeT C·I1lpaBe;1:v1nBbIM, "ITO (<60Jihill8H 1I8CTh BOeHHOR ROHTpH6yqnH ,U:OIDl(Ha
6bITh ynJia'tJeHa BHHOBHIIIWMH B-OHHbl>)' T. e. 6ypmyaa11eii 125•
8r,o pem,eHue He oc-ra;:roch He3a:ue'l!'eRHhlM, oao cpa3y -me noJiy1IHJ1c rrop;
n;epmRy TPY.Il.H�MXCH CTpaHhI. 06 oTOM MOIRRO cy,Il;HTh XOTH 6bl no .r(Ome,u:meMy
JJ;O Hac peme1-uno Har:i;noHaJihHOH rBap.u:n:n ropo.n;a TyJiy3hl, r.u:e B 1IHCJie npo
qn:x Tpe60BaH1nÏ yirn3bJBaJIOCb Ha Heo6xo,n;HMOCTh {<1Ip11BHTIIJI aneprnqRhlX
Mep, qTo6hI 3acTaBIITb 6e30TJiaraTe.TibHO yrmaTHTb H3.U:0P iRRII BOHHbl Tex, RTO
EiaBJieR Ha CTpaHy 9TO 6ep;CTBIIe, a 3aTe:t\f 3aKJII01IlIJI THiRRHH Il YHH311T0JibHhIH
\'1.'lip>> 126.
3aHBJieHHe �0HTpa"îhHOrO ROMHTeTa OT 20 !\ŒpTa IIp11BJI0RJIO cpaay me
�HnMaHHe lt MapRca 11 61,1_.,.ro HM BhICORO oi:i;eneno. B nepBOM na6pocRe <<rpa
ï-R.D;aBc1wn BOÎÎRhI BO Cl>paHo;1nv>, B rJiaBe <<KpecThJIHCTBO>>, MapRc, rrpnne.u:a
qJITaTy 113 <<Journal efficieh, rrHc.a.TI, tJ:TO 3To HaMepenirn OOJI:hme Bcero na
nyraJio JI10,n;eft TIO!pHp; Ha 127•
AnaJIJ:I3upyH 3HatJ:eHne 3Toro perneHHH, MapRc y:naaLIBaJI, qTo oHo cJJ;e
JiaJio npe)];!\ŒTOM 6opb6bI BOIIpoc O TOM, RT O Ofü'JaTIIT :u:a,r,;epmRH BOHHhl. MapRC
n,op;11eipRHBaJI, lJT() B 8'VOM ((il\lI3HeHHO BamHOOI BOnpoce» upaBnTeJihCTBO pa6011ero mrn-cca 3aru;nru;a:w He TOJII.Ro HHTepechl npoJieTapnaTa II MeJIRO:Ü: 6ypmya3HR, HO lIHTeipechl ca�lhIX mnpOKHX c..i:oeB, IIC.RJII01Ian: Rpynny10 6ypmya,nuo,
6oraTblX aeM:ieB,11a;r::i;e.TJho;1eB n BepxoB oôru;ocTBa. Map:nc oco6o nol(llei!)KHBaJI.
'ITO OHO (<Ilrpe.u,cTaBJIJieT npelli)];e ncero HHTepocbI flipall1.fY3C1'080 KpeCTbR,HCTBa»
n Tipe,n;ocTe,peran, 1:no <<e-c.1u1 no6eJJ;nT Ti.eip H ero «ruraux, ( «,u:e1peBeHm;H
,Ha>> .- Ilp1n1. pe.u,a.m:1;un c.oqHHeHHH K. MaipRca H cD. 8mreJihca), na nne11.n
K})eCThHBCTBa 6yµ;eT nepe.nomeHa 66JihmaH tJ:aCTh BOeHBbIX HaJioroB» 128•
TaKHM o6pa30M l(n Han;HoHaJib HOH rBap.u:nn no-peBOJIIOI:i;HOHHOMY rrop;o
meJI R perneHHIO aap;a qn o6ecrreqeHnH coro3a pa6oqero RJiacca II RpecTI,HHCTBa
H narneJI )];eiicTHeHHhie phlqant, lfT06bI rrpHB.1"IelJ:b :KpeCThHHCTBO Ha CTOpoHy pe
BOJIIOD;HOHHOro Ilapnma.
Tpare.n;:u:H KoMMyHLI 6IiI.Jia B TO:\f, t:JTO 3TO IlO,D;CRa3aHHOe reH:u:aJILHLIM
11IYTI>eM rrpocHyBIDIIXCH MaCc pemenn:e Ba7nHe:Ümeii CTpaTel'lflleCRO:Ü: npo6Jielihl
l'8R H OCTaJIOCb Hepea.'JJJ30BaHH.hlM.
<<Vive la Commune!» <<):(a a,r,;paBcTnyeT Ro11OpraHBaan,ua
uyna ! >) - ITO)]; 3THM .1J03yHrOM no6ep;HJIO HapO]];BOe
e,rt;BHCTBa Ha�HB
80CCT8BlIO 18 MapTa, 110.u: 9THM JioaynroM paaBep
ThIBaJiaCb B-CH H8,D;O�îf8H ;J;eHT8.'IhHüCTI, JietpBOfO npaBHTSJILCTBa paooqero
miacca - U:R nau;n:ona:rbHOÜ rnapµ;HH.
KaRoe COJJ;epmanne BR.1Ia)J;bIBa.7IOCb B 3TOT JI03yHr?
IloJLHhlH OTBeT Ha 8 1'0T BOI!pOC :){OiIŒT 6bl1'l'L �atH JUIIDh ll'OCJie Toro, RatR 6y
p;eT pacCMOTpeHa BCH µ;eHT0JihHOCTh caMOli HoMMYH.hl, ee nporpaMMHhle 3aHB
;J0HHH, ee peBOJIIOIJ,llOHHaH I11P8I\TURa.
3,n;eco me, paccMaTpl:IBaH )];eHT0JihHOCTh QeHTpaJibHOro ROMHTeTa HaIJ;HO
HaJILHOH rBapµ;nn, c:rei'.);yeT OCTaHOBilThCH .1IIJIIlb Ha O}J;HOM 113 acneRTOB 3Toro
Bonpoca.
B rrepB.hle me ;:J;HH IIOC.'Ie 18 :wapTa B oqmo;HaJibHhlX 3aHBJieHHHX I.lenTpaJIL
HOro ROMHTeTa, a 88TeM II Ha CTpaHIIn;ax net:JaTH IIOHBIIJICJI HOBhUÏ IIO.'IHTll1Ie
CRHH TepMHH «cBooop;HLiii ropo,n;>>.
«IlapHiR CTaJI CB060J:J;HhH1 r,opo,n;oM»,- raime aaH&1:em1e BIIepBI>Ie, BaCROJib
RO HaM y,n;aJIOCh rrpoC:IC:';J)ITb, npo3B y•ra.:rn B OJ;HO)I H3 Oq>HIJ,HaJihHhIX o6pam;e«Journal officiel», 21 mars 1871.
Ibid., 28 mars 1871.
K M a p :K c. IlepBI,IÎf na6pocoi.; <<fpaa.,.'.laHCKOH
R <D. 3 H r e ;i 1, c. CoYJ .. T. 17, cTp. 554.
125
126
127
128
332
T,n1 me.
BOHHLI Bo
<l>paHIJ;BB». K. M a p 1� c
HHÜ: Pecny6J111Ka.HcRoii <f>e,u:epau;HH Har�HoHaJihHoii rnap,:,,nn 20 :uarpra, ony6JJH
nOBa'RHOM Ha CTJHUUIII;aX <<Journal officiel» 129.
C nepllLIX me p;Hen B TOJIKOBaHHH :noro TepMUHa B03HHKJIH pa3HOrJJaCHJI.
Jl..'IH npy�oHHCToB, p;JHI JIIOp;en rnna IBro:ui Ba:1.1:eca <<cBooop;Hhift ropop;» o3Ha
�ra.;1 IllP0iR1);e BC0TO li rJiaBHhLM o6pa30M :ropo,u: 1KO:\IMyHa::ChHhIX CB06op;, CBOero
p-o;aa mH pORYIO MYH'HD;HIIaJlhffYIO aBTOHO)IlIIO 130•
B ,n;pyr:ax me ;::t;oRyMeHTax, B TOM lJJICJie H ,B rrpoirna.Mau;nax 1(e:e:TpaJihHoro
KOM'JITeTa, BbICKa31>IB.aJia1Ch HHaH M:bllCJib: <<IlapmR OCB-060,r:i;HJI,C.H O"T rHeTa, KO'TIO
pblii Ilh!TaJIHCb eMy HaBH3aTL» . .HCJio OIIJ;YTHMbI:Ü: Il'O)l;TBKCT aToro 3MIBJl8HHH
38-RJIIOtJaJI-C.H B MhICJill O TOM, q-ro d5pomeBo Bpam�e5noe Bapo,II;y npaBHT•eJibCTBO
II l.J'DO ocBn6omp;eRHhIH Ilapnm cTaJI icep;];u;eM peBOJIIOU:H'OHHoü <Dpanu:nn.
3a 9THMJI ne.pBLlMH pacxom;ri;eHHJlMH BO B3r.-::rn,II;ax BtCHOpe BbIHBHJUI-Cb p;py
rne, 6oJiee m:apoR:11e: OHH CBO;D;lIJIHCh R 1rnpoorr0My BOrrpocy - IŒK ,D;OJilliHa
ÔbITb opraHll30BaHa ll o6'be,D;JIHeHa ipeBOJIIOD;HOHHfüI cDpaHI{UJÛ
Boupoc 9TOT IIJI)!HOOpeJI oc11py10 noJiwr:a-qecKyro ainyaJI.bHoc·Tb, iwrp;a, ua
qHHaa ,c 22 Ma:i)Ta, peBOJIIOD;'liH CTaJia rro6emp;aTb B RpyIIHbIX npoBmru;naJILHhlX
ro,poJJ,ax - JlnoHe, MapceJie, TyJryae, H1pe3o, n nor.n;a MorJio Rasa ThC.H,- TaR
ua,L{eHJillCh B Ilap:ame,- qro oHa 6blcTpo BocropmecTByer BO Bceü eT·pane.
RoMMy1rn B Mapc;eJ11e, 1B J1,1Io.He1 B C0HT-8TMliHHe, KoMM)71Ha no Bcex l'opo;:i;ax
<l>p a�HH... 3Haqnr peBOJIIOIÇilH, HallaBma.HCH '18 MapTa, 6hIJia He TOJibKO <<KOM
MyHaJihHOH peBOJJIOD;Hü:Ü:>>, I{aK 9TO 1rno6pamaJJOCh Ha CTpaHm:i;ax HeKOTOphIX
opraHoB neqarn 131•
Ho KaK me 6y,n;eT 06-1..ep;IDieHa c"TpaHa? Coros KoM�IyH? Ho B KaRoft cp-0pirn?
Calta ïRH3Hb CTaBHJia 3TB BOIDpOChl B nopH,n;OK �BJI.
MeMYapncThl RoMMYHhl npy,n;oHHCTCKoro JiarepH - fIOcTaB Jlecppanca,
ApTrop Ap.ay, a TaRme qacTII'IHO cMhI-RaBmHnc.H c u1111n iHIOJih BaJIJIOO ooa,n;a
JIH BIIOCJI0,D;CTBHH BC1'0-p.HqecKyIO Bepc:aro, corJiaCHO KOTOpoü o6'he;J;HH0HHe CTpa
Hbl MLICJIHJIOCJ, B BH;:J;e cf>eAepari;n:e: KOMMyn.
3Ta -Be:pcHH npOHHR:Jia H B HCTOpHlie-CKYIO JIHTeparyipy. B O,IJ;HOH H3 nepBblX
H Ha:U:QOJIOO OOp be3HhIX COB0TCKHX pai6oT no HCTOpHH RoMMYHhl - B RHHT0
H. M. Jly:s:nua (An-ronoBa) roBOpHTC.H: <<HoBa.H cDpaau;nH pHcoBaJiaCI. llenT
paJII.HOMY ROMH."OOTY B BHA0 <f>e,n;epan;HH CBOOO,UHhIX ropo;rr;oB, a He B BH,II;e «e;u,«
uoii Il nie-pa3A0'JILHOH pecrry6JnIRH» HK06HHCROro TH' Il'.:1. ..}) 132.
C 8T.IIM yrBepmp;eHlŒM H0Jlh3H COrJiaCHTbC.H.
B IIOJIHTH1IOCKO:Ü JlHTepaType TOfO BpeMeHH 6bIJill �eii:,CTBllT0JlbHO OTBeT
c·TBeHHble IIOJIHTll''IOC.Klle -3a.HBJISHHH, KOTOtphle �romno 61,mo C II8B8CTHOH )];OJieii
OCHOBaHHH TOJIROBaTL l{aK rrpH3hlB 1K cpep;epau:a11 KOM:MyH.
TaKoB 61,1J1, HanpHMey, TpeTH:ft MaHmpecT IJJ{ 20 oKpyvoB, Bn1rrym;eHR1>1ii
B CBH3H C Bhl6opaMH B RoMMYHY, B ROTOpOM pa3BlIBaJiaCh rrpûrpaMMa 6yp;ym_ero
IIOJlHTBtI0CKOro YCTpûHCTBa, npu:6JI:amaBmaHC.H K THIIY <j}ep;epaunu: KOMMYH 133 •
He1IeTKHe ipopMyJUipOBKH, p;arom_He B03MOIBHOCTb ):VIH pa3JIH1IHOI'O HX HC
TOJIROBaHHH, cop;epmaJIHCI, H B B033BaHH.HX ll;eHrpaJibHOro ROMll'TeTa nan1rn
Ha.T.IbHO:Ü: rBap;z:i;H:u: OT 23 MapTa B CBH31I C npe;:i;cTOHID;HMH Bhl6opaMII B RoM
:uyny.
Üp;HaKo Hap.H,n;y C WfllM ll;eJrT1paJihHbIH K·OM1I'T8T HaUHOHaJibHOH rna p;:I.HH
,naBaJI coBepmeHHO rrpHMble li .HCHhle 3aHB.i'18HlUI IIHoro co71;,epmaHH.H, ll, tfTO
RMl·Œee CJIOB, Ca'Ma peBOJIIOUHOHHaH IllpaKTIIRa nepBül'O Bpe-MeHHOOO DJpaBll'T'8Jih
C'TBa paoo-crero KJiacca He OCTaBJIHJia COMHeHHH B ee HarrpaBJieHHOCTH.
<<Journal officiel», 21 mars 1871.
Ibid., 20 mars 1871.
<<Le Cri du peuple>>, 2 mars 1871. «La Commune» n ,n;p.
H. M. JI y K H H (AH T o Ho B). Y1rna. coq., crp. 171.
«Le Cri du peuple>>, 27 mars 1871; J. Dau t r y et L. Scheler. Op. cit.,
p. 235-239.
129
13o
131
132
133
333
Yme B rrepsoM uocJie 18 MapTa o6pa�e.HHH IJ;eHTpaJibHOro KoMnTeTa ((K )J;e
aapTaMe.HTaM>> rOBOpHJIO.Ch: « ... TOT me ,u;yx CO'I'pY,D;HH1IOOTBa, coroaa, poorry6JIH1rn.nc1rnii JlI05BH Hac Bcex B)];OXHOBJUI·8T. y Ha-c ,D;OJimHa 6LITb TOJlbKO O,D;Ba Ha
��a, ü�a n;e.rrb: ,cna-cenne Po�mHhl H OKOH1IaTeJihHOO rop.mecTBO Pecny6JIH
KH - p;eM0KpaT121:1recKo:ii, e,n;RHOH n He�,eJI:aMo:ii» 134 •
MblCJib B.hrpameHa 3p;ecb ,c rrpe;i;eJILHO:Ü HCHOCThIO. HH o KaROii q>eµ;epan,RH
petfll a,n;ech HeT. Harrp'O'rnB, rrpH3hIBaH rrpoBmIIÇHIO ooe,n;osaT1, rrpnMepy IlapH
:ma, T. e. c.03,,n;aBaTh HoMMYHLI, IJ;H c'TaBIIT cpaay .me nepe,n; ooro o6m;yro �Jih TopmecTRO ,ep;HH-OH R ne,n;eJIHMOH pecrry6JIRKH. 3Ta qiopMyJIHipOBKa 3,ll;0Cb, KO
H81IHO, OTBIOlJ;b ne CJiy1Ia:ÜHa. ÜHa pacKpbIBaeT, B KaKoii <papMe MblCJHIJIOCI, ocy
m;ec·TBJieHHe eM-ffCTBa aan;wr.
Tp,e6oBaHne e,D;JIHOH u Hep;eJIHMOH pecrry,6JIHKH. TaK OT1IeTJIHBO cq>0pMyJIH
poBaHHoe ll;eHTJ)aJihHhlM ROMHT8TO.lf HaD;HOHaJibHOH rBap,lOIH, BCT-peqaJio
IIO,DJJ;epiKRY H y peBOJIIOIJ;HO'HHOro }];BlliReHH}l B IlpüBDHI(DB. B ,u;eRJiapan;HH
RoMMYH.hI Ty;ryaM, orHocHm;e:fü�H, BH,J;HMO, K 25 MapTa, roBopHJiœb: «KoM
MYHa [Tyny'3hl] aaHBJIHeT, 1ITO OHa Tpe6y0T eJ'.{HHOÜ •B HeJJ;eJIJfMOÜ PecnyôJIHRH... )) 135 .
IIp:aBeA0HHh10 np:aMepbI IIOR83b1BaIOT, ClWJII, H00600HOBaHLI YTBeipm,u;eHBH
H0ROTOphlX MeMyapHCTOB H HCTOpHKOB, yBepKBlllKX, qTo U;It uan;HoHaJibHOB
rBap;o;BH C1'p8MHJICH K <f>e;o;epan;Hn. Y1IHTLIBaH, qro H B ·3TOM BOIIpoce 6LIJIH
H8BOOTHhle rpacxom,n;eRHH B MHeHHHX, CJie):(yeT npH3HaTL, qTo B I(R Ha:n;:e:o
Ra!IbHOH rnap)];HH rOOIIOlf;CTBOBaJIO .CTpeMJieHHe K ewrHoi H HeAeJim.10:Ü
,pecrry6nnKe.
IlpaKTH1IOCRHe ,n;e:Ü-CTBHH QeHTpaJihHOro KOMll'TeTa TaKme HOOIIlpOB�ffiRMO
]J;OKa3LIBaIOT, 1ITO ·ero rJiaBHhle YCHJlllH 6L1JIH HanpaBJieHLt Ha OO'I>e,u;HHeH}le II
CIIJI01I8HHe IIP,OBIIHD;HaJihHLIX HOMMYH C peBOJIIOD;HOHHhIM'II opraHaMH BJiaCTH
B CTOJIKn;e, qTO OH IlbITaJICH ocyi:n;eCTBJIHTh PYHOBO)J;CTBO peBOJIIOD;HOHBLIM, lIJIR,
KaR ero Tor;i;a Ha3MBaJIH, ROMMyHaJihllblM ,IJ;B:!UK0RHCM B Ilp<lBHHD;RH.
He Bp;aBaHCh B rro,n;po6HOCTH u He HaIIOMHHaH CKaaaHHOro paHLme, npDBe
�eM 8)];0Ch JIHffib HeCROJihIW cpaKTOB. Y.me 19 Map-ra B rrpOBHHD;HIO B K811ecTBV
ASJieraTa QR Han;noaaJihHOÏI rnap,n;HH 6bIJI Ha,IJlPaBJieH 1Ilapn1> AMypy ,IJ;JHI py
KOBO)J;CTBa peBOJIIOTI;RORHblM �BH>K0HH-eM, J:IapacTaBIDlIM B JIBOHe. HaK O<pH
:n;naJlblHI() aaHBHJI 23 Ma;pTa QoorrpaJibHLI:Ü KOMl11TeT, «IIHM, JI.HOH, MaipcieJIL,
JlHJIJlh 'H Bop,n;o 'HarrpaBHJilI ;o;eJieMTOB ,ll;JIH IIOJiy11·0'HHH JIHCT'pYRD;BÜ: OT I(eRT
paJibHOro I«)M.HTeTa HaD;HOHaJibHOH rBap;o;HlI» 136• PeBOJIIOD;ROHHOe rrpaBHTeJIL
C'TBO B rrapHme .He )];emmo ceRpeTa H3 TOI'O, 1ITO OHO pyROBOµ;BT peBOJIIOD;HOR
HbIMH -opraHHaan,HHMH Ha MeCTax. RaK o TOM OOOOIQ"HJI qe,pea ;l{eRI> «Journal
officieb, IJ;eHTpaJih'HI:.I:iî KOMHTeT B Te1IeHHe 22 n 23 MapTa cnpna11Man MHoro
lfHCJI-eHHhle ,n,eneran;Hll OT ropo,n;oB JTuioH, Bop�o, MapceJI1>, Pya.JI u j:tpyTllx» 137•
B Pya·m� JI. Bop,rr,o, RaR H3BecrHO, RoMMYHLI He 6LIJIH npoBoarname-na, Bo TeM
3HaMeaaT0JihRee rJiaCHOO yrroMHJiaHHe O CBH3H ll;eHTpan1,Horo KOMHTeTa C p-eBo
JIIOD;HOHHLIM ,ll;BH>K8Hll0M aTHX ropo,:i;oB. ÜHO JIHilIHB.H paa IIOA1{epIOIBaJIO, lfTO
QeHTpaJihllhlH KOMHTeT paccMaTpHBaJI ce6n KaK OOII\8Han;uonaJIJ.Hoe peBOJIIO
D;HOHHoe npaBHT0JibCTBO. B CBOIO oq�e;o;n H B03HHKIDH-e B rrpoBHHD;HB opra.Hhl
peBOJIIO�HOHHOH BJiaCTH, RoMMYHhl, Bn,n,eJIH B JIBn;e QH Ha:n;»oHan:i.aoii rB31P
;:r.:e:u n;eHTpaJibHOe tpeBOJIIOD;BOHHOe npaBHT0JibCTBO. TaK, B M:an1uf>ec-re, IrpHH}l
TOM 25 MapTa KoMMyHoii B Tyrryae, iHapHAY c TaKHMH MepaMH, KaK pocnycK
Han;HOfülJihHOI'O coopaHHH, coo6rn;aJIOCb H O Ha3H81I0HHH .l(10nopTaJIJI «AéJiera
TOM npn n;eBTpaJIL.Hoii BJiaCTH B Ilap.Hme, 138•
134
135
1
38
13 7
1811
«Journal officieb, 28 mars i.871.
«Journal officieb, 24 mars 1871.
Ibidem.
Ibid., e5 mars 187 t
«Messager de Toulouse», 26 mars f871; douma) officieb, 28 mars 1871.
MapKe cpaay me noa.a:JI H on;eHIIJI orpoimoe IllH1nn:1nrn.aJI1>Hoe aaaqeaHe
a-roi HOBOB cpopMbl opraairna�HH e,rr;HHCTBa aan;HH, pom.n;eHHOB HCTOpHqecROH
·HHBD;HaTHBOB Macc 139•
B11ocne,rr;CTBiiH BepamTeiia, npe,n;npBHHB peBH3HIO MapKCH3Ma, B CBoeii no
aopao 3HaM0Hlf'I'O.H KHHre «Ilpe,n;noChlJIKH CO�HaJIH3Ma H 3aJJ;aqH CO�HaJI-,rJ;eM-o
RpaTHlU llbITaJlc.fl, H3Bpam;a.a: MapKca, YTBepm.n;aTb, 6y�TO B 3TOM BOIIpoce
M8fPRC qyr1> JlH ae npnrueJI K (J>e,n;epa;urnMy Ilpy,n;oaa. B. 11. JleHHH B csoeM
,l(Jl8,CCHqecKOM Tpy.rr;e «rocy�apc,TBO H peBOJIIOD;ŒJI>) paao6.1aqHJ1 9TH JI3Bpa�e
HWI BepHruTeiî:Ha R ,rr;oKaaaJI HecocTo.a:TeJihHoc·T1, ero yTBepm,rr;eHnii no cym;e
CTBy. B norrhlTKe <J>paau;yacKHX ,pa6oqnx qeipes KoMMYHY, HJIH Bepaee RoM
MYHhI, opraHH30BaTh e,n;nacTBO aa.qe:n B. M. JleHHH, BcJiep; 3.a MapKc.oM, yBR,P;eJI
He cpe.rr;epaJIH3M, a, .uanpOTBB, IIOCJl0)J;OBaTe;JhHhlH ,rr;eMOKpaTHqecKHH n;eHTp,a
J1H3M, npoJieTapcIOtii no CBoeMy KJiaccoBOMY xapaKTepy. « BepHmTeftHy npocTo
H•e 'M0iReT npuim B r0JIOBY, 'ITO B08MOiR0H ,n;o6poBO.'IbHhIB QSH'TpaJIH3M, p;o6po
BOJILH00 o6�e�BHeHlI0 KOMMYH B aa�HIO, .rr;o6pOBOJibHOe CRHHHHe npone-rap
C'KllX KOMMYH B ,rr;eJie paapymeHHH 6ypmyaaaoro rocno,n;CTBa Il 6ypmya3HOH
rocy�apC'l'B0HHOÜ M8IDHHLI...• 140.
RpymreiimaH .HCTOpHTieCRa.a: 3acJiyra IlOilhlTKH opraHH38'IJ;HH e,rr;HHCTBa
Hal(BB 'IlyTeM npoJieTapCKOI'O JJ,0MOKp8TH1IOCKOI'O ueHTp8JII13Ma qeq,ea
RoM·MYHhI npnHa�nemaJia nepBoMy IJ4>8BHTeJihCTBY ipa6011ero KJiacca, coa,n;aa
·HoMy peBOJIIOIJ;Heii 18 MaipTa.
�R aan;11oaaJ11>Ho:Ü: rnapµ;:n:n ocy�ecTBJIHJI noJJHOTY
Ileperouopw
B
D;eH'fl)aJILHoro KOMBTeTa JiacTn B Ilapnme H noJib30BaJicH noAJ];epmKoH Ha
e 113paMB B DOJ-18BJleBBe po.rr;a. Owia1m BOCMOTpH Ha TO, qTO 18-19 Map-ra na
KOHTPJi80.11ao�
IIapuma 6emaJin aaaTb, Kpynna.a: 6ypmyaa.H.a:, qHHOB8
ap.B>Ke
•HHR.H n:ipaBHTeJibCTBa Tbepa, B CTOJIH�e em;e OCTRBallOCb HeMaJio 6ypmya3HLIX KOHTppeBOJIIOIJ;HOHHhIX B.lJeMeHTOB.
RaR yme roBOpHJIOC1>, M3phl n .rr;eny TaThl IlaipHma, ei::n;e 18 MaipTa OO'hep;u
KHBJDIB'9C.JI 'B K81l'eCTB0 npeT&HJJ;eHTOB ua BJiaCTb, •He OCTaBJIHJIH CBOHX IIOilhlTOK
BYeTylIBTL JIH6o B KaqecTBe Bhlcmeü MYHH�HIIaJJbHOH BJIRCTH CTOJIHD;l>I, JIH6o
B poJIB nocpe�HBKOB Mem;zy QR aan;HoHaJŒBoii rBa,pp;HH n Han;noHaJrbHhlM
ooopaHH0M 141•
B COCTaBe MapoB, HX IIOMOID;HiiKOB H p;enyTaTOB fü,IJIH, ROHeqHo, pa3Hhie
J110p;a. 3.rr;ech 6hIJIH H 11ecTHhle JIIO;r:oI, Bpo.rr;e MHJILepa HJIH Mn:o, BcRope me 110pBirnnme e BparaMH KoMMYHbI, n <<IIIIHIMn:penn;hI>> - JieBI>Ie 6ypmyaan1,ze I(e11oopaTLI THna iRopma ltne.Ma1mo, 6yµ;y�ero <<ITIIrpa» q>paB.n;yamtoro HMne
pxaJIH3Ma, H DJPHMLie are-HTLI The,pa, BpOJJ.e yme ynoMHHasme:rocH Tupaipa HJIH
1R10n.a: MeJiu,aa, 9'roro «Mep;oToqnBoro RJIHY3RHI<a>>, KaK Ha3hlBaJI ero uos:xnee
Aaa-roJI1> <I>pane, CTaBmero B 90-x ro.rr;ax rJiaBOIO o,n;Horo lI3 caMhlX peam:raoa
an1x npaBwreJILCTB TpeT1>eii: pecrry6JIHKB. Ho «aRoBLI 6I>I HH 6:hlJIH pa3Jiaq1u1
Hem,rzy 8THMH JIIOW>MH, HX IlOJIHl'.HqecKaH cy�HOCTh B Q0JIOM OhlJia O.t(Ha. Maphl
BhICTynaJilI KaK JieraJihHa.JI opraHH38D;HH, IlhlTaBmaHCH BHYTPH IIapuma JIHJ{BH
,l;HpOBaTb pe8yJ11>TaTL1 Hapo.rr;noro B>OCCTaHHH 18 Mapra. ÛH.H ocnapHB8JIR «3a
JtOHHOC'Tb>) BJiaCTH U:R aan;m:maJibHOlÏ rBapJl;IIH, rpe6oBaJIH OT aero «corJrnme
HH.JI» C BeipcaJI&eIGIM ·ooopaŒl'KeM pealKIQI-OHHOH «�epeBeHIIJ;IIHhl>>, CTpeMHBIDHM·
tH R pacnpaBe C Ila,pumœr, T. e. «paKTHlJOCRH, npmRphIBa.Hcb llblillHLIM
CJIOB0CHbIM onepeHHeM, Tpe6oBaJI.H CfüMOJIHRBHA8,ll.HH peBOJIIOIJ;HOHHOÜ BJiaCTH
• CTOJIHil,8,
I.J;R aan.noHaJILHoii rBapp;1n1, Ha3naq:e:B Bhl6opn1 B KoMMYHY cnaqa.rra 11a
22--e, IIOTOM Ha 23 MapTa, B HHTepecax ycnemaoro HX nposep;eHHH BCTYilHJI
139 CH. R. Ma pK c. fpaIB)J;aHcKaJI BO:ë:Ha BO <I>pamvrn:. R. Ma pR C
Ce•., T. 17, CTp. 343-344.
1• B. H. J1 en H H. rocy,n:apcTBo
B:
<1>. 8 Br e JI 1, c.
R peBOJIIOD,HH. Co"!., T. 25, ctp. 401.
141 A. Damé. Op. cit., pp. 80-&2..
335
B neperonophl c Mapa1nr. Ha rreper-onopax c MapalnI nacTa1rnaJia B ocooeHHo
cT:a IliPYAOHHCT·CIŒH tiacn, 1VIeHOB UR. AJIH ne;i;eH1u1 rreperoBop,oB 61,1:cH BhlAe
JieHhI Ap.Ho, BapJieH, lliyp;i;, M�po, R0Top1,rn y6eAHJIH.Ch B TOM, qTo MaphI Tpe6y10r caMopocnycrta IJ.l{ M nepe;::r;alJIM B HX pacnopHme.HMe paTymu. IJ.eurpaJib
Hhliî KOMHTeT OT,Bepr 3TIH Tpe6oBa.HHH, !HO, 'ITO OhlOO HBHOH OIDH6.KOH, rrpo�oJI
maJJ -C HHMH neperoBOpbI, rrpaB,:i;a, CTaHOBH�b A8Hh OTO �HH BCe M8He-e ycryn
'IJHBhlM 142.
BeJI'HR!O,D;ynnrn, npmrn:reHHOe pa601FHM K.TI:'a'CC'OM (H OKa3aBme-ecH CTOJII,
rrary,oHhl:M) no orHoIIIe.H!HIO :n CBoe:.,1:y RJiaocoBoMy Bpary - 6ypmyaa11H, CTJ)a\i
JieHHe 1rn6e,a-rnTh n!})OBOllpo:n1TIIH II rpamAaHCKOH BOHIIhI, repneHHe, npOHB
JI8HH08 B neiperonopax C :.\Iapa.:.\IH, - Bce 3TO 6LIJIO BOCIIipHHHTO .KOHT'J)peBOJIIO
n;HoHHl>IMH 6ypmya B Beipca.rre H B Ilapume, conem;aBIIIHMRCH MeïRAY coôoiî,
Ra.K npH3HaR c.1rn6ocn1 IIJIH ;::r;ame OCCCJIJIIIH IJ;earpaJI.bHOfO KOMHT8Ta.
Yme 20 H 21 Mapra COCTOH.1HCh IIüpBhle H no.Ka em;e JIOKaJil>RO orpaHIJl!eH
HhJe, B Illpep;eJiax I H -qacrHtrHO II oRJJ)y,roB IlapHma, BhlcrynJieHHH npOTHB I(eH
TpaJihHoro IWMHTeTa.
B ro me npeMH 28 napna.c:rurx 6ypmyaan1>1x raaeT, 1Iatr1nmH c <<Journal
des Débats>>, <<Le Constitutionel», <<Le Moniteur» H ,Jl;p., BhlCTynHJJH c o6m;HM
8aHBJI•em1eM, 06'.bRBJIHBill.rBf <<RoM.a-TeT, BO,D;BOpHBIDHRCH B paryme», He3a.KOH
l.IhlM li IIpH3bIBaBmHM H36npaTeneii He yqacTBOBaTh B Bhl6opax.
I(R rrpoHBHJI em;e CTO:.IhnO HaHBHOii Befl)hl B OTBJieqeH'Hhle npHH�HULI
CBo6o,ii;hI 1neqa TH, trTo, nE11Jerre 1rnTaB Ha cTpanHn;ax <<Journal officiel» 3TOT
M.HTe.iKHhlii: 'ROHTppeBOJIIOUHOHHbIH npH3bIB, orpaHII1IHJICH npe.l(ynpem,n;eHll
eM, ll'TO IlOBTOpeHne Ta:nHX BhlCTYIIJieHH:Ü: llOBJiel!eT .aa co6o:ü «cypoooe
na.KaaaaHe» 143•
HoHTppeno.,1101J,11ouHJH 6ypa.ya3HH o6Har:teJia. 22 MapTa OKOJIO �yx TLiéH 1I
!lJieranTHO 0,lJ;8ThlX I'OCUO;J; H3 cpemeHe6eJihHhlX KBapTaJIOB CTOJillll,hl, npe,n;Bo
,ll;HTeJI:&CTByeMhlX 6apoHO�I A8 fBR.KepeHOM (,[(aHTOCOM - y6nHn;eft IIymRHHa)'
BHKOHTOM p;e MoJIHHe II �pyrHMH «BhlKOPMhlmaMH HMnepHH>>, .KaR Ba8hlBaJI
ax Map.Kc, ;:J;BHHy.Jurch K Baa,:i;oMc:noiî nJiorqaAH. 3TH JiorqeHhle «q>paHK-q>HJie
phl» (TaK npe3pHT·8JihIIO If.MeHOBaJIH 6earnBIIIHX BO BpeMH oca� 113 IIapHma)'
cnpHTaB B .KapMaHax IIHCTOJieTbI, a B rpoCTOtIKax CTHJ18Thl, paccqHThlBaJIH IlO.)];
BH.)];OM 6ea-opymHOH ,r:{e:MüHCT1pan;nH, naxpa'IlOM, C B08rJiacaMH <C,ll;OJIOH y6Hiî'.a;!•
._,
cpaay 8axBaTHT.b nnao,.., aan;nona;:r.1>HOH rBap):(BH.
IIepB.biiî: me aaJirr, Rorop1>1:H 6hlJI p;aH no upmrnay reR(llaJia Eepmepe, oopa
THJI 0THX <<xpa6peIJ,OB>> B naHH"IJ0CROe 6ercTBO 144.
ÛAHaKo KOHrppeBOJIIOD;HH B Ilap:rrme OTHIO;l;I, He CKJIOHHa 6LIJia C.RJla.)];LIBaTb
opymn:-e. 23-:ro npaBHTeJihCTBO Tbepa HaaaaqnJio a;::,;MHpaJia Cecce KOMan.n;yro
m;HM HaIJ;HOHa.TJbHOii rnapll,ueii, H TOT pa3MOCTH;I CBOIO mra6-KBapT:RPY B
<<fpau;:,;-ÜTeJie>>, B n;enrpe Ilapnma. Mophl B oco6oii acpHIIIe, pacm:reHHOH no
;ropo,n;y, aaHB.JI.H.1:11 o cnoeii no.JIHoii no.n;;:i;epmxe Cecce. B TO me BpeMH 23-ro,
no npHRaay Cecce, na nJiorqa,;::(H E:rrpmH H np:mrnra10m;Hx y;urn;ax cTaJnI cocpe
AOTotr1rnarhcH nepHl>Ie Tbepy 6ypmya3Hhle 6araJihOHhl Han;noHaJ11,noii rBapAHH
H pa3Hhlli ROHrppeBO."IIOI.1;.HOHHhlll côpo,;::i;.
JiorIIRa füiaCCOBOH 6op.b6.hl II3JietIHBaJia I(eHT:paJihHhlii: .KOMlfTeT OT HJIJII08HH H aacraBJIHJia ero ,u;eiiCTBOBaTh, HaaRatJeHHhlÜ O,IJ;HHM JI3 ROMaHAYIOID;HX,
reHe;paJI EpIOH8.Jih, no npHRa3y IJJ{ ,!l;BHHy.1c.a C 600 HaD;HOHaJlhHhlX rnap
p;eiin;eB Il ail)TH.JIJiepHHCR.JDil-1 opy�HH�IU R �I2fPHH JlyBpa, r.n;e cocpeAOTOqHJIHCh
CHJihl KOHTppeBOJIIOII;IIH. Ma:TemHHRH He IlOCMeJUI ORa3aTh conpoTHBJieHHe.
142 Ile per0Bop1,1 c Mspairn, Kan yme roBopHJJOCI>, naJie:mHe no,npo6no ocBem;enhl BO
ncei-i: Te-Kyra;eii npecce iJI B o-co6eHHOCTH B Me-Mya-p,ax (uerrpuyep, Lissagaray, A. Amoud,
Lefrançais n ,np.).
143 <<Journal officiel», 24 mars 1871.
144 Ilo)J;po6HocTn co6hlrHü 22 Mapra CM. B «La Commune», tLe Cri du peuple» •
J];pyrnx ra3erax Tex ;:i;ueii.
336
lix PH.1\hl cTaJIH 6blcTpo pep;eTh. RoHTppeBo.:IIOII.IUI rroTeiIJne:rn rropameHRe.
Ha cJl:e)];yrom;ni ,n;eHh a)(MmpaJI Cecce, rrepeo;:i;eBmncL B qymoe mrnT1,e,
6pOCRB Ha IIIPOR3BOJI cyp;h6bl CBOio yme HHRO:iiy H8 HymHYIO illTa6-RBapTR
py B <<f.paHA-ÜTeJie», 6emaJI B BepcaJih.
Bw6opw u KoMMYHY lI;eHTpaJihHhlÏI KOMHT8T uo;::i;aBII.iI ROHTppeBOJIIOII.I:IIO B
apnme. BaTaJlhOHhl nau;:noHaJibHOil rBap,J.HH OBJiap;ejlH BCeMR MôpHHMH B CTOJIHn;e, JIHKBilJJ;HpoBaJII{ BCe HBHhie oqarH MHTema.
BJiac·TI, :peBOJIIOD;HOHHOro npaBRTeJlhCTBa Terreph pacrrpocTpanH:Iach na BCIO
CTOJIHII.Y•
25-ro no ropOJ];y 6hTJUI paC-RJieeHhl aqmmn, o6nHBJIHBilllie, lITO BhlOOpbI co
CTOHTCH B BOCRpeceHhe 26 MapTa. HeoOJihma.a rpynna 1-rnpoB H lIX IIOMOIIJ,HH
l'WB - Iù1eMaHCO, <PJioR-e H AP-, rrponrpaB cpamem:rn C °'eHTpaJibHhIM ROMHTe
TOM, C04Jia Jiy4IDHM rrpncoeµ;BHlIThCH K pemerrPJO IJJ{ 0 rrpoBeJ);eHHH BhIOO
poB 145.
BhloopaM rrperonecTBOBaJia RoponrnH annan.rrnnnaH KaMnanmi, B xop;e RO
Topo:ü. rrpeJI;CTaBHTeJIH pa3JililIH:hlX )];0MOKpaTHlI0CKHX lI con;HaJIHCTlPieCKHX op
raHH3aD;HH BhlJ];BRraJIH CBOHX IŒHjl;HJ);aTOB H rry6.1:HKOBaJI11 B033BaHHH, rJ);e lI3Jia
raJIH CBOH BarJIHJJ;hI na aap;al!H 6yp;ym,eii: Ho:\n-1yHhI.
l(enrpaJ.IhBbIH KOMHTeT Ha IJ.IIOHaJ.IbI-IOM rnap;::i;HII npII3hlBaJI 1rn6npaTeJiei:
BLroHpaTb B RoMMyny npep;cTaBHTeJieiî: Tpy;::i;Hm,rrxcH. <<He TepHiiTe H3 na,n;y,
rJiacHJia ero ,rrpoI-t7:raMa:u,n.a or 25 MapTa,- -crro .;iy-crme ncero rrocJiymaT Ba:M
JlIO;ll;H, ROTOpbIX Bhl H36epeTe II3 Bameii me cpe;r.J;hI, iRHByrn;He Bameii me iRH3HhIO, CTpa;a;a10rn;ne oT Tex me aoJI, lITo H Bhl. He ,n;oBepHlÏTe 11ecroJI10on;aM u
BhlCROlIKaM... He ,n;oBep.aiiT-e TaRm-e Rpacno6aHM, He CIIOCOOHhlM OT CJIOB rre
peÎ1'TH K )];eJiy... PaBHhlM o6paaoM, H30eraiTe 'I'aRHX, ROTO;phIX CJllIIIIKOM 6aJiyeT
cy,u;bÔa, HÔO He 1I3CTO BcrpeqaeTCH, lIT06hl COCTOHTeJibHhIH qeJioBeK ClIHTaJI
pa6o-qero CBOIIM 6paTOM .•. >> 146•
P.eicny6JIHKaHCKHH 'CO�aJI1IC"I'H'tJ0-CRII:Ü. KOMH'TeT V OKpyra BbipamaJI na;:i;em
'll.Y, 1IT() B3Ô:e:paTea:e: npOHBHT <<nepy B B03pomµ;emrn Tpy;::i;a H3ÔpamrnM B HoM
Myny JIIO,n;eii, B3HThIX n.peuMyrn;ecTBeHHO R3 cpe;;:i:.1,1 K.7Iacca, ;.:i:.o CHX rrop CHCTe
HaTH1I0CRK y;ri;aJIHeMoro OT p;eJI... >> 147, T. e. H3 cpe,:i;hl rrpoJierapn:ara.
Qpe�H RaH,n;Hp;aTOB B lIJl0Hbl RoMMyHhl rrpeo6.aa;.i;am1 peBOJIIOIJ.HOHHhie p;CMO
RpaTI.I H 11JieHI.I HHrepna�HOHaJia. Ho:MIITCT ;u;eJicraroB XII JJcrnona aa�no
naJihHO:ii rBap;ri;HH lI <<KOMHT8T 6p;HT8.TibIIOCTII>> 8Toro ORpyra Ilhl,J;BIIHYJIH ceHpe
Tap,i napHmcKo:ii opraHR3ai::i;un MnTepHa:lJ.IIOI-Ia.;ra Bap:rnna n p;Byx ji;pyrnx qJie
HOB 11:nTep.Han;·HOHaJia 148• E.JIII3-Ka5I , R 6JiaHRIICTî:L\I r:::1.3cra << Père Duchêne>
orry6JIHROBaJia CTIHCOR RaH;rJ;H)];aTOB OT Bce, x 20 OKpyrOB Ila,p:nma, noc·raBIIB BO
rJiaBe KaH;a;H,n;aTOB OT Ram,u;oro o:npyra EJiaHHII 119•
I(eHTpaJihHhIH 'ROMHTeT Han;nonaJihHOH rBapp;n:II rrocTaHOBHJI, lITO RoMMy
ua ,I{OJiiRHa COCTOHTh H3 90 lIJieHOB. Bo II3:\teH0HHe rrpemm1x nop.H;l1;ROB OH ycTa
HOBHJl raRme nporropn;HOHaJihH0e .apep;cTaBIIT0.TibCTBO B COOTBeTC·T'BHH C lIH<C
;reHI-IOCTbIO HaceJieHRH ORpyron 150• fo:rocoBaHIIe rrpOII3BO,J;H:IOCh Ha OCHOBe
1rnfücpaTeJibHOro 8aROHa 1849 rop;a, B CIIJIY IrnToporo RaH,LÇII,J;aT ClIIrTaJICH
H36paHHhIM rrpll YCJIOBRH, eCJIH 3a Hero ÔbIJIO no.ri;ano He Menee 1/8 1rn6upaTe
Jieiî:, 3aHeceHHhlX B CIIHCKH.
26 Mapra B Ilapn_me COCTOHJUICb BbI60phI.
Rorn1Jemr rrp.H'3brna11 BepcaJihCKoro co6pamrn II ero KOHTppeBOJIIO�HOHHOH
areHTYPhI B Ilapume 6oiîRor:aponaTI:. 3TH <<rrponrnoaaROHHhie>> Bb16ophl, OHH
□
14 5
146
147
148
149
150
Murailles, t. II, p. 114.
<<Journal officiel», 26 mars 1871.
Murailles, t. II, p. 117.
Ibid., p. 73.
<<Père Duchêne>>, 26 mars 1871.
Ibid., 27 mars 1871.
22 Ilape:mcHaH HOMMYoa, T.
l
337
npomJIH C 60JihillHM IIO,D;"b8MOM H B HHX ILpHH.HJIO yqaCTHe BCe pa6011ee HaceJie
ime CTüJIHI:J;hI II no,n;aBJIHIOm;ee 6oJihilllIHCTBO TPY�HII:i;HXC.H pa3HbIX COI:J;HaJihHhIX
RaT•eropnii. <<B XVII oRpyre Hapo,n;y Th�rn,- paccKa3hIBaeT op;HH 01IeBHp;eIJ;,
Ha MoHMap-Tpe [B XVIII] Bce ;:i;o nocJie,n;Hero qeJioBeKa onycTRJIH cBoi oroJIJI,e
T-eHh B y1pHy... B XIX oRpyre TBüpHTCH TO me, qro H Ha MoaMaprpe; nomaJiyit
3,n;e-cb p;am,e 6oJiee rnyMHo... B XX oKpyre TeMnepaTypa Bbl6opHoi ropH1iRH
em;e Bhlme... » 151• <<B 1rnapTa:.re CeHT-AHryan,- BCIIOMHHaror p;Ba p;pyrnx oq•e
BH)J;Qa,- II36I1paT8JIH HBHJUlCh Ha rOJIOCOBaHHe rpynnaMH DT 600 p;o 700 1I8JIO
B8K C KpaCHhIMH 3HaMeHa�IH BIIepe;i;m> 152•
« q ro aa ,n;eHhl
JlacKoBoe Hp1rne coJIHQe so.10THT mepna nymeK, 6JiaroyxaIOT IJ;B0Thl, m-eJie
CTHT 3HaMeHa ... aTOT rpeneT, 3TOT CBeT, 3ByKH M0)J;HhlX Tpyo, OJieCK opOH3LI,
OfHH Hap;em,n;, apoMaT CJiaBhl - BCe 3TO Ilh.HH'HT li nepeIIOJIHH0T rop�OCTLIO H
pa,n;oCThlO no6e�OHOCHYIO apMHIO pecny6JIRIŒHIJ;0B>>,- TaK pHCOBaJI ]1;0Hh
26 MapTa lliIOJih Ba.11Jiec 153•
B Bhl6opax B KoMMyny npHHHJIH y-qacTHe 228 Thlc. qeJI-oBeK.
B 6yp:mya3HhIX H apncT0KpaTH"llecR11x :irnapTaJiax cTOJIHIJ;hl - IlaccH,
IlaJie-Byp6oH, EJirrc-eftc1nrn no:i.a n ,n;pyrnx npoIJ;eHT roJiocoBaBmHX 6LIJI HeBhl
COK - OT op;Hoii 1I0TBepTH ,n;o o;:,;Hoft 'I'peTH. BypmyaaHaH ROHTppeBDJIIOIJ;BH
ca6ornpoBaJia H 60:Ü:KOTHpoBa.;ia BhI6ophl. Ho ·STO 6LIJIO TOJil>KO K Jiyq:meMy. lfa6npaTeJihHLIH Kopnyc, Bhl6npaBmnft KoMMYHY, BCJie,a;cTBHe ca6oTama 6ypmyaa
Hhlx 9JieMeffTOB CTaJI B KJJ:accoBOM 0TH0ill8Hllll ropaa.a;o 6oJiee o.a;aopop;HH)I.
Ilapa:mcRyIO RoMMYHY B ocHDBHOM B1>16npaJia Tpy]J;.Hn:i;Hec.a CTOJIHIJ;H, ona 6LIJia
11x ]J;ernm:eM.
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E. Mori ac. Paris sous la Commune. Paris, 1871, p. 55-57.
P. La n j a 11 e y et P. C orri e z. Histoire de la Révolution du 18 mars. Paris,
p
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1 JI. ,I( ro 6 p e ii JI L. RoMMyna 1871 r. IIr., 1920, cTp. 72.
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3 A. A p 'H y. Ha'PO)l.Ha.a R
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i E. Re c I us. La Commune au jour le jour. Paris, 1008, p. 44.
6
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Co"tJ., T. 17, cTp. 348.
11 «Le Siècle►>, 26 mars 1871.
12 G. L e français. Souvenirs d'un revolutionnaire. Bruxelles, 1902, p, 311.
13 B. Laure nt. La Commune de 1871. Les postes, les ballons, le telegraphe. Paris,
1934, p. 63.
344
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1
14
15
16
Ibidem.
Ibidem.
B. Ma 1 on.
La
troi.S1ièmo
p. 533-534.
11 E. Re C 1 u S. O p. cit. , p.
9n.
défaite
du
prolétariat
français.
Genève,
187'�,
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19
20
G. de Molin a ri. Les clubs rouges pendant le siège de Paris. Paris, 1871, p. 117.
M. Dessa J. Un révolutionnaire jacobin Charles Delescluze. Paris, 1952, p. 74.
347
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<<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 28 mars
III (VIII). M., IIaJ}'l':e:a�aT, 1934, C'JIP. 13.5.
1871.
23 G. Le français. Etude sur le mouvement communalist&. Neuchatel, 1871, p.
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29 TaM me, cTp. 21-22, 27.
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29 MapTa RoMMyHa 06paT.1IJia•c1, K Hace. JmHHIO Ilav:nIlepawe AeKpeTY
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caJIH 1IJien1,1 RoM.'\fy'Hhl 31•
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.J1'8HJiIH na BepcaJI:b RJIH no KpaiiHeii: Mepe aarr:t;Ji!Thl Ilapnma OT Bo3MomHoro
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CTBIIH CO CTOjpOHhl npaBRTeJibCTBa Toepa, ClJHTaJI HX .neB03MOIBHhlMH: Bhl6 0phl
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CTHe 230 ThIC. lJeJioBeK, np:nµ;aJIII peBOJIIOII;H.H 18 MapTa, C TOlJKH apeH'HH napll
maa, 3aKOIIHhlM xapaKTep H ycTpa·HHJIH BCHKJi!H IIOBO� K rpam,n;aHCKOH BOHH0.
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ÛHH He IIOCMeroT! ÛHH He naqHyT!
[ho saoJiym,n;eHlle 6:E,mo nacroJII>Ko Bceoom;FM, tJTO B raseTe <<La Vérité>>,
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, HHKOB,
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30
31
G. Le français. Souvenirs d'un révolutionnaire, p. 484-485.
«IIpOTOKOJU,I», T. I, CTp. 44.
351
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aap;JietKHT eMy no npaBy>> 32•
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Jie, ne rroJiyqn.JJH rroiui;epiRKH. Pom cpop, pe;:t,aKrop ra30Thl «Le Mot d'Ordre»,
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Hx CBOlfM )J;oBepaeM, l.J.To6hr o6ecne"l!ffTb ToparnCTBO PecIIy6JIHKH. Co CBoe:ii
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KoMMYHhI.
ÜMHM H3 nepBI:,IX marOB Ro�niyHhl 6hIJIO IIpH-HHTBe p;eKpeTa, o6'bHBJIHB
mero H-8].l:0HC-TBHT0JlbHhIMH npnKa3bl H pacnopHiR8BHH BepcaJihCROTO 11paBH
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CBH�0T0JII,C'TBOBaJio -coxpaHeHIIe aa npaBHT€.1:hCTB8HHO:ii raaeToi, BbIXOARBilleÏI
B Ilap11me c 20 :'\rnpra, ee HaaBaHnH <<Journal officiel de la République Fran
çaise». HoMep raaer1,1 3a 30 Ma1:;Jra Bhrme::r no� Ha3BaHHeM «Journal officiel de
la Cammune de Paris>>. A sare:\1 cTaJio Hcno, tJTO Ha3hIBaH ee TaKHM o6paooM,
omn:6011HO ((t)fYHB�HIIaJIH3.HpOBa:rH>) peBOJlIOD;HIO, a IIOTOMy BepHyJIHCh K rnpem
He:My aaroJIOBRY 35.
B TOT me ;n;eHh, 29 MapTa, Roin.iyna npIIHHJia "Tpn ÂeRpera, 06eccM-epT1rn
nu1e ee HMH KaK nepsoro B MHpOBOH BCTO.prru IIponeTapcRoro 11paBHT8JII,CTBa.
Cpe;1;i1 HIIX 'Ae:Kper 06 aHHyJiapoBaHHH npocpoqenHon:
,I(e,q>eT 00 OTMeHe
KBapnipHOË: IIJiaTbl, Ha1IHH8H C Oh"'TH6pH 1870 r., 6nm
sa,ll,OJimeHHOCTH
Ca:MhIM
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nJiaremII 3a Rnapn1py BIIceJirr �fü,rnK.;:roBbIM MetJ:oM Ha)]; 9/10 napnmcxoro Hace
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1
<<La Vérité>>, 31 mars 1871.
<<Le Mot d'Ordre)>, 2g mars 1871.
34 <<Journal officiel», 30 mars 1871.
35 CJl,L ,IJ;OKJia,IJ; j-I{, ,[(IOIŒO Ha aace_laHJBI rpyIIIII>I no n3yqenHI0
<,Cl>panu;yac1mii: emero,'l;HIIK. 1958>>. M., 1959, CTp . 25.
32
33
352
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Pewno 38•
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8TOT 3aMe1IaTeJlbHhIH ,n;eKpeT, KOTOpbIH 3acTaBHT n:rncaT1, OT BOCTOpra npoJie
TapneB H MeJIRBX ROMMepcaHTOB?». <<Co l03 )Ie:IKOH roproB.ïll li npoJI-eTapnara
6y.n;eT yRpenneH cJiaBHhlMH ,n;e:Kpe-raMn Ilapnmc1w:ii Ko:\IMYHhI»,- ,u;o6aBJIHJia
ra3eTa 39.
Hcropn1IecKoe 3Ha1IeHne ,u;eRpeTa 06 OTMeHe RBapTnpHoro AOJira aaKJiroqaeT
CH He TOJihRO B TOM, 1ITO KoMMyHa paapemn:ra BOIIpoc, CTOJIL BOJIHOBaBm.llH
na:pHiRCRH'e M8CChl CO BpeMeHH BOHHhJ. 8TO'f ,u;eRpeT npoB03rJiaCHJI HOBbIH npn:H
:a;nrr, nopbIB8Bill.ll:ii C ·CllMBOJIOM Bepbl K8IIHT8JIIICTHl!eCRoro o6m;ecTBa, ,JJ;J1H ROTO
poro lf:aCTHa.H co6cTBeHHOCTb CBHm;e-ana II HeIIpIII{OCHOBeHHa.
36 B Kam,rr:oM OT)];eJII,HO}I c:1yqae cne1vrnJil,HO C03;laHHhie ap6HTpaIBHLie KOMIICCHII
no,n; npe,n;ce,n;aTeJihCTBOM llHHOBHHKa H B COCTaBe ;lBYX ;lOMOB.:Ja�eJib�eB II ABYX KBapTH
poHaHHMaTeJieii (IIJiaTHBilIHX aa KBapr11py - O,JlIH :!tleHee ThICWUI cppaHKOB, ,n;pyroii CBLI
me TbICJillR <ppaHKOB) ,Il;OJiiKHhl 61,IJIH pemaTh, c.:ie;.ryeT JIH npe;:i;ocraBHTL orcpo11Ky (H na
KaKoii cpoK) JJ;JIJI noramemrn: KBapr11pHoii 3a,n;ona.eHHOCTII.
37 «IJpOTOKOJihl>>, T. 1, CTp. 43.
38
39
23
E. Re c 1 us. Op. cit., p. 52.
«Le Père Duchêne», 11 germinal an 7'9 (31 mars 1871).
Tlapmt<CHaR HOMMyHa, T
1
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Tlp00:0T Ha CBOD.X corpamAaII. YHlflI'IXnKHB peK,pyrcKHii na6op u 00.8'3aB
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IIpHCTyJ.DIJia K BC006IT(eMy BoopymeB!HIO Haq)O,n;a, npoo6paooBa'B CTa·pyio
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CT&poÎÎ IlO�BB
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JIH]�HIO !H maH,n;apMepHIO - arn opy,n;HH noµ;aB.IIeHHH nporpeccHBm..IX CHJI HaD;HH,
B nepByIO oqepe,n;b pa6oqero RJiacca, RoropLie JIBJIHJI.HCL B rnaaax HapO,r:i;HLix
Maoc CaMYM HeHaBH'CTHhlM CHMBOJIOM K.TJaccoBoro rocno,;:J;CTBa 6ypmya3HB.
«Paa6urb BTY MamnHy, c.n,oMarb ee - TaKoB J,J;eicTBHTeJILHY:ë: RHTepec «Ha
po,r:i;a», OOJil>ilHHCTBa ero, pa6oqnx Il 60JibillHHCTBa KpOOT.LHtHt,- IlHCaJI B
1917 r. B. M. JleHHH, ccbIJiaHcb Ha onhlr Ilap11mcKoii RoMMYHY 42• Ynpaa,r:i;HHB
CTapyIO apMHIO JI IljpHCTynHB K ynpas.n;neHHlO IlOJill:a;HH, KoMMyHa YHH"'ItOlRHJia
O,!l;HH 11a caMLix rJiaBHLIX aTpu6yroB 6ypmyaaHoro rocy,,n;apcrBa - «opy�11e ero
MaTepHaJILHOH BJiaCTH» 43• rocy,n;apcrBeHiHYH nopH,!J;OK CTaJIH oxpaBHTL caMH
BOopymeHJHLJe paooqHe, caM Hapoµ;.
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qT(} .IIlpe,n;craBJUIJia crapa.s1 aplfHH... Rro y Hac aaiqH�aJI OT8'110CTBO? Con,n;aTld.
HymHo, q'I'OOhl ero 3ai:a;:m:a;aJI Hapo,n;>>,- Il'HCaJI COT-py](Hll'K ra38TLI «Le
Rappel» 44•
40 dlpoToKom,1>>, T. I, crp. 43.
41 Ta1i1 me.
42 B. H. JI e H 11 B. focy.u;apcrBo II peBOJIIO.QBH. Co11:., T. 2.5, CTp. 388.
43 CM.
K. M a p K c. fpam.;:t;aHc:Kax Boii:ua no <l>pa�HH. K. M a p K c u et>. a u r e JI c.
Co11:., T. 17, crp. 343.
44 «Le Rappeb, 3 avril 1871.
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HO:Ü MamHHOH lI IIY,CTHTb ee B xo,n; AJIJI CBOHX co6cTB8HHbIX u;eJieÜ:... » 45• IIpe,u;
BapHT0JlbHLIM YCJIOBHeM, rapaaT:e:pyIOID;HM ycrrex <<BC.HKOÜ: ;o;eiiCTBHTeJII,HO Ha
pO)lHOH peBOJIIO.QHB», JIBJIH0T.CH JIOMKa, paapymeHHe 6ypmyaaHoro rocy,II,apCTB0'HHOl'O aJirrapaTa,- 1mcan MapKc 46•
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113,n;aHHH aToro ,n;eKpeTa. TaKHM o6paaoM, BhlCIBBe rocy;o;apcTBeHHLie )];OJIIBHO
CTH nOTepHJIB npHBJieKaTeJILHOCtI, )];JIH BCHI\/OfO po;o;a KapL·epRCTOB, H rocy;o;ap
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Mep îfŒJIOBaHbH paooTH'.Iffi'OB RoMMYJihl «He rrpeBhlman o,IVIoii 'IIHTOH qaCTH
maJI·OBaHbH, COCTaBJIHIOII\0fO.•• M'HHHMYM ;::t;JIH ceKpeTapH JIOH)];OHCKoro illtl\'OJII,noro coBeTa ...» 48
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u;�aJIHe-rLI, 11JieHLI HaTepaau;uouana. <<RoMMyHa rrpuanaHa BCeM'H Ka.K cnep
n'IHBmHiic11: 4]a-RT,- nu:caJI 30 MapTa B JloH)J.OH cnoeü ï-ReHe Ceppaiie.- BoJiee
TOro, ei c.rrymaT � H3B0CTHhlM ycep,u;HeM... CaMoe lI3YMIIT0JlbHOe - TO, t{TO �ce
HCIIOJIBHIO'l' CBOH o6H3allHOCTH TaK, 6y)];TO aro caMa.H ecreCTBeHHaH BeID;b B
MJlpet. H, nepe1IB:eJIHH rrocThl, aa•HH'Tbre co1vraJincTaMH, Ceppaiie A06aBJIJIJI:
«Booom;e, B Ka>KAOM YT.Jp01K,D;0HBH eCTb IIO n:paiineii Mepe O)J.HH H3 H8illHXt 49•
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50
To MO'KHO TOJlbKO y,n;HBJIHTbCH TOMY, KaK 3TO BCe HaJiaï-ReHO»
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JIH B OT1IeTe u:a6upaTeJ1HM coTpy;::t;HBKH MapuH III oKpyra,- MapHH 6LIJia nycTa.
Bce ee 1IHHOBHHRH, nocJiymHLie rrpuKaay R3 BepcanH, no.RHHYJIH 1mpu10 H 6e
maJIR 11a Il apu:ma. HymHo 6Lino crremao opra1nua0Bar1, pa6ory II He croJihKO
B RHTepecax IlOJllI'TH1IecKHX, CKOJII,KO )];Jl.H Toro, 1IT06hl y,n;oBJieTBOPHTL Hacym
Biile HYiRJJ;LI HaceneîlHH. MLI 6hlJI1I y6em;o;eHM, l.JTO cyMeeM 6LICT{l0 Hana;o;HTb
pa6oTy. 3HaKOMCTBO C ,n;eJiaMH y6e)];1IJIO nac B TOM, tITO BC0 COTpy,n;HHKlI Mapn:11,
H0CMOTpJI Ha peBOJIIOD;lUO 4 ceHTH6pa, 6IiIJ.11I CTapLIMH T.JlIHOBHBKaMB HMnepHH.
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11'7, CTp. 339; 342.
46 K. Ma pK c - JI. Kyrem,Many, 12 anpeJI11 1870 r. K. Ma pK c H <I>. 3 H r e JI 1, c.
Co11., T. XXVI, cTp. 1-05.
'a •IIpOTOKOJII,I>>, T. I , CTp. "9
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Co11., T. 17, CTp. 345, 342, 34'7.
-49 cIIepB1,1ii HnTepHan;uo naJI B �HH ITapumcKoii Ko MMYRLI>>. �oKyMeHT.bl u: MaTe
p•u1Lr. M., 1942, cTp. 176.
50 TaM me, cTp. 186.
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HOro o6ecrreqeHIH L ,IJ,o hOMMYHhl maJ.FOBaHhe 40 'IJB.HOBHHKOB aroro yqpem
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MYHOH; OH IIM0.ï oqeHh ;::r;aBHIOIO HCTOpHIO, YXOJ);H CBOHMB KOPHH:MH B peBOJIIO
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,ne.1n::rn :a;epROBb oT rocy,::i;apcrBa.
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OTRphlTO Bpa.m;::i;e6HyIO II03IU.J;HIO IIO OTHOlli8HHIO R peBOJIIOD;HII 18 Mapra. IIa
pnmcirn.H j];e}IORpaTIUI Cllfffa:I.a OT,;::i;e:.IeHHe n;epRBH OT rocy,u.apcrBa O;J;BOH H3
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BaJia Ha HeMe;::i;.1e-HHO:M OT;:J;e.i:reHIIll n;epRBH OT rocyµ;apcTBa.
n.i.l.
51
<<Journal officiel», 12 aYril 18ï1.
52 CM. 06 aro:\1 n T.
33ü
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THJUI aTo-T ,n;eKpeT RoMMYHhl, Han6oJiee T01IHO OT1pa3HBIIIHii .n;yx PeBOJIIOIJ;IHI>> 57 •
B ;a;eii:-c·TBH'TeJibHOCTR <<T:pycocTh M:hlCJIH>> cppaHn;yacRnx JIHoepaJioB 1871 r. 06'1>
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53 <<IlpOTOKOJihI>>, T. 1, CTp. 83-84.
54 <<Journal officiel», 3 avril 1871.
. 55 K. Ma pK C. rpam,rr,aHCKaH BOHHa BO <Dpam:1;1rn. K. Ma pK C H <D. 8 H r e JI h c.
Coq,, T. 17, cTp. 343.
66 E. R e c 1 u s. Op. cit., p. 79.
57 G. Le français. Etude sur le mouvement communaHste à PariJS en 1871,
p: 233.
357
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Ha 3TH i3JIOCTHMe aarra.n;KH �aJI «Journal officieb Roi.n,ryHLI. «H0IroTOpLie ra3eThI,- 1m:caJ1a oHa,- ycMOTpeJIH B nep:shlx �eKpeTax RoMMYHhl naM�eHH•e
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MHCCHH>).
58 «Le Rappel», 2 avril 1871.
59 «La Montagne», 31 mars 1871.
60 dourn,a1 offüciel», 1 aV'l'IÎl 11871.
61 A. Arn o u 1 d. Histoire populaire et parlementaire de la Commune de Paris.
t. II. Bruxelles, 1878 , p. 2'17.
62
358
<<Journal officiel», 310 mars ,1•87'1; <<iJipOT01w;11.n,
T.
I, crp. 34-36.
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63 cilpoTOKOJILI», T. 1, CTp. 59.
359
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H COJI,n;aTC.KHX ,n;enyTaTOB HBJIHIOTCH BJiaC.TbIO TOfO me THIIa, 'ITO lI Ilap»mcKaH
RoMMyHa 1871 r. <<ÛcHoBHbre rrpH3Ha1n1 :noro TlHia,- IIBCaJ'.l B. H. JleHHH,1) ncroqHnK BJia.cT.n - He aa1wa, npe,n;Bap.11Te1.u,no oocymp;enaa:i II npoBe]);eH
Hbliî: .rrapJiaMeHTOM, a IllPHMOH IIOlfflH HR[)O]QlhlX Maœ CHB.l3Y H na M0CTax... ;
2) aaMeHa IlOJIHD;HH H apMHH, KaK OT)J;'eJieRHLIX -OT Hapo�a H npOT11Bonoc-.raB
JI·8HHhlX Hapo,n;y y-qpe.m�eHnii, rrpHMhlM Boopy.mea11eM ncero Hapo�a; rocyµ;ap
CTBeim1>1:ü nopa;:i;o:n IIpM Ta.KO.li BJiacrn: OXlpaHHIOT CaJ,f,U BOOpy,K0IlHLie pa6o1I11e
H Kp0CThHHe, CaM BoopymeHHhl:Ü Hapo,n;; 3) 'l!lIHOBHHllOCTB'O, 610poRpa-NIH JIBOO
aaM-eJUIIOTCH OllHTh-Ta1rn: nenocpe,n;cTB0HHOH BJI8CTLIO caM:oro Hapo�a, Jœ:6o no
M0Hhmen Mepe CTaB.HTCH noµ; OCOOhHI ,JWHTpOJib, rrpeBpa�aIOTCH Be TOJIL}(O B
BLI6opHhlX, HO H B CMeHHeMhIX no nepBOMY Tpe6oBaHHIO rHapo�a, CBONJTCH Ha
UOJiomenne npOCThIX YIIOJIHOMOqeHHhlX; H3 JIPRBBJierapoBaHnoro CJIOH C BLICO
KOH, 6ypmyaanoi, onJiaro:ü: «MecTe1IeK» IJiPeBpam;a10roJI B pa601D1X oco6oro
<1,po�a opyïKHH>>, orr:1RlfJ1BaeMhIX ue ebufte OOhflIHoi ru:caThl xopomero pa6o-irero.
B .aroM 11 ro.rtbno B 3T'OM cyrb Ilapnmcxoii RoMMynLt, Ka'K oco6oro "mma rocy
,n;apcTBa» 65•
RaK IIOJl'IepKHBaJI MHoro paa B. Il. JleHHH, c�HOCTL aToii �eMoKpaTHH,
B OTJIHq•11e oT 6y,p.myaaHolÏ, oocronT B TOM, 1ITO IlapuB<CKa.a: ROMtMyRa, «c�eJia
Jia IIOTibITI{Y pa36MTh, ipa.apyIDH"fJ:, p;ro OCHOBaH'HH 6ypmyaam.tii :rocy}{apcT.Be'HHbIH
annapaT... 3aMenHB ero cai),rny.rrpaB-'IHIO�eiica iMaOOOBoii: opranH3aJJ.Beii: pa6o
qn:x... ». Ho ::lTa HOBaH )];eMOnpaTHH MOrJia 6bITb TOJibKO ,WIKTaTypoii IlJ)OJieTa
p11aTa, TaK KaK Ila p1r;.RcRa.H RolnryHa nae11J1LcTBeHHHM rryTeM AOJI»œa 61,1Jia
rro,n;aBJI.HTh eonpoTHBJieHHe KpyrrHoii 6ypîh-yaaBH H IlOMCIIl;RHOB, BOOHHLIM mTa
OOM Korop1,1x e,Ae.rraJICH BepcaJI1>. <<IlOCM01'pllTe Ha Ilapu.mc.KYJO Ro»HyHy. 3ro
nncaJI 3.HreJihC.
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&ro ÔLIJI uepBhliÎ orrhlT upo�'IeTaipcKoii ABKTaTypn1. BMecTe c TeM OIILIT IIa
pnmcKo:ë: RoMMYHhl 1871 r. rroKa3a.11, <<qro JJ;RKTaTypa npoJieTapuaTa neJra6emao
,n;oJimHa npBH0C'Tll C coooii He TOJiblW 113MeHeHHe q>OpM K yqpemÀeHd AeMo
KpaTHH ... , HO IIM0HHO Ta1rne IIX H3MeHeH:e:e, KOTOpoe µ;ae-r HeBKAaBJioe em;e :B
Mllpe pacmnpeHHe <paRTnqecHoro HCilOJih30BaHHH �eMOKpaTH3Ma 00 c-ropoHhl
yrHeTeHHblX KaIIIITaJIH3MOM, CO -CTOpOHhl Tpy,rvn:qRXC.JI KJiaCCOB» 66•
ÔTO rocy,AapcTBO HOBOl'O 'l'HIIa, II8jpBoe B M:Dipe rrpoJieTapcKoe rocyl(a,PCTBO,
npeJJ;CTano )];JI.H )];·ec.HTROB ThlCJiq pa6oqJix B BB;::t;e noMMYHLI. «IloCJie CTOJihKBX
)];H'eii Bn�eTbI Il MyqnTenhHhIX CT_pa;::t;aHH:Ü, IIOCJie CTOJib TH1RKIIX ypoROB, ,n;an
HMX HaM HaIIIIIll Hecqacn,eM, IlOCJie CTOJibKBX B3MeH li o6BA MLt TOBOpHM,
qT-0 BO <Dpano;HH .ne MOiR0T OhITh HHKaROH ;];pyro:ë: BJiaCTB, Kpoirn pecny6JIBKH,
IlJI,CaJia raae-ra <<La Commune>>.- 06'1.e,I\IUmMca BORIPYr pecrry6JliR1œ••., 6y�eM
V
,.,
V
1-
64 B. Il ..II en 'H H. focy;i:aipierno H .pe-B0.;�1u1. Co11., T. w,, cTp. 300.
65 B. U. JI e 1H 1H H. 0 �oeB.'1.a.cnrn:. Coq., T. 24, c:1,p. 20.
66 B. M. JI e H III H. Te3Hc1,1 II ;,;oR.i:a,n; o 6yp,nya3Hoi ;r;eMOKpaTmi 11 ;J\B'KTa-rype npoJie
Tapwa-ro H.a IlepooM ROHrpecce lfoMyYHHCTHtJeCKOI'U lfHTepHa�OHa;Ja. Co11., T. 28, CTp. 442.
360
eii TaK IIpe)];aHhl, qTo6bI H3M0HHHKH II �UITeffiHHRU He C:MeJIH. IIOlŒ3hlBaTI,CH H
He CM0JIH C'fpOHTb npoTHB nee aarOBOpbI. Hym.HO BO qTo 61,1 TO HH cTaJio BOC
CT3HOBHTb ToproBJHO, llèllIOJU:UITh Mara3HHhI, OTnpblTh MaCTe.pCKHe. Ha)];O aa
.meqb ropHhl, TIY,CTb CTYq;JiT MOJiùT; ,paooqn:iî A10:IffieH -cnemHTb Ha ipaoory,
TaH HaK y Hac 6onnm»e n:oJin1 a f ena,part;HII. TTycTI> aHaror IIOBCIOi(Y - H
aa rpaum:�eft n B IèpüBHHIJ,HH,- qro BeJIHKaJI peBOJilOIJ,BH CBepmHJia.Ch, qTO
IlapHiR crraceH If qT() I lJITh)];OCHT TbICWI 6opII,üB :\-IOfYT OIIHTh C'TaTb IIHTblO
):\OCRT'hlO ThICJflŒMH paOOlfllXJt 67•
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CaMhle pa3JIHqffble HX Ha3BaHHH. Hn IIOJIHIJ;lUI, RH ilŒHAapMOB. (( tJeJIOBeK ,C
py.m1>e:M» IH0 nyraJI TPY)];�BXCH, TaK KaR HM ÔhIJI HaIJ,HOHaJihllhIH raap)];een;,.
Boopy.meHHhlii rpam)];aHHH Ilapnma, oxpaHHBIIIHii peBOJIIOII;HOHHl>IH nopH)];OR�
Ilo nocrauonneHHIO KoMMYHhI 1-we-rAe Hal!aJiach paaoop:na 6appHKa):I;.
MnoroqHcJieHHhle o6'hHBJœBHH, JiecTpeBmHe B raaeTaX n Ha CTeHax ,!J;OMOB,.
CBH)l;eTeJibCTBOBaJIH o6 HHTeucnBHOH yMcTBBHHoft mnann B Ilapnme. B JieK
�HHX H )];ORJiap;ax, Ha rry6JIH'l!HblX c·o6paBHHX H aace;:i;aHiUIX Q,eHT1paJihHOro•
liOMHTeTa ABa,nu;aTH OKpyroB, ceI·UJ;RH lIHTepHau;nona;ia, . IIipOtp,e,CCHOHa.:IhHbIX
COID3-0B II ROüIIepaTHBHbIX accou;HaU:HH o6cym,a;aJIHCh IBHBOT1penern;yni;11e n,po6JieMhl. IlapHIBCKHH Hapop; ynnBaJicH 3aBoeBaHHoii cBo6oAoii:, rBep)];o yHepeHHhIK
B TOM, 'l!TO 6y)];ym;ee rrpnHa)];JieIBKT eMy, lfTO OHO o6ecnel!HT r-opmecTBO co
a;1rnJihHOH peBOJilOIJ;HH.
Coo6IQeHHH H3 npOBlIHIJ;HH, HHor;:i;a 3aII03;:I;aJihie 'H He BCer)];a npaBHJibHhie·,.
IIO)l;H.HMaJIH nacTpOeHHe H TOiR-e IIHTaJIH pacTym;yro yBepeHHOCTh B TOM, qro:
prracHOCTh r,pam)l;aHCKOH BOHHhl MHHOBaJia, qro B'epcaJib"IJ,bI He IIOCM0IOT BhlC'fy�
ÙRTb npoTHB Ilapu.ma. Ilap11.JRaHe aaaJIH, l!TO KoMMy1HhI yme co3)];aHhl B Tyny
ae, JI:uone, Mapcene, AB1iHhoHe, Ha1p60HHe, CeHT-3n,eHHe, JlHMome. faaeTbr
coo6m;aJI1I, 1ITO peBOJilOll;HOHHOe �BHIBeHHe OXBaTHJIO H H8ROTOpbie ,a;pyrne ro
J)()Àa. «H aa.ann.aro,- nncaJI anTop IIHChMa, rrarreqaraaHoro B ra3eTe <<Le Cri
du peuple»,- 11-ro npoBHHD;HH - ropo,a;a H noqTI-1 Bce ROYIMYHhl - m;::i;yr TOJib,...
KO CHDHaJia, qTOOhl IIOCJIB)];OBaTI, IIpHMepy CTO.J:1UJ;bI» 68•
lJ:aCTh 6ypmya8HOii npeochl 3aH.HJia rorp;a BbIIBJip;aT8JlhHYIO 1I03HII;rIIO. ra8-eTa «Temps», Ilpll8I,JBaBmaH napn:maH He rrp:VlHIHŒTh ytJaCTHH B Bbl60ipax
26 MapTa, Tenep:b OOJiee lIJIH MeHee o6'b8RTHBHO OCBeni;aJra iKH3Hb peBOJIIOIJ;HOH
HOro Ilaipnma H �eHTe:IhHOCTh Ho1n1yn1,1 69. <<La Vérité» H L'Avooitr natio
nab BhlCTYIIaJIH B Kaq-ecTBe y6em,a;eHHbIX CTOpOHHRKOB npOB08rJiarneHHhIX
HoMMyao:.ë: )];eMoKpaTnqecRnx npIIHU:HIIOB. A B <<Le Siècle>> .JJeBo6ypmyaanhie
pecrry6JIHRaau;1,1
Illo�a H llepHycRH c aHTyanaa�rnM npoc:iaBJIHJI'H 6yp;yni;ee.
<Dipam:�HH, ROTOIPOMJ «IlpHHIJ,HIIbl KOIM1MyHa:IH3)1a>>' Ran rrnca.::m OHII, <<OTI,pbl
JJH caMLie 6nec.THID;Be ne,pcneRTHBhl>> rn.
Hp KHM ;i;oRa3aTeJih<ITBOM TOpmecrna rrpo.rreTaipcROH peBOJilOIJ,HH B IIOCJie�
HHe .n;HH Mapra 6bIJIH Ko;re6airn.a B pH,n;ax rpynn1>1 ;r:i;erryraroB oT ,.Ilap:a:ma B Ha
l(HOHaJibHOM co6paHB.B. - JI·eBbIX pecrry6JI:e:KaHn;eB ( pa,:vrRaJIOB) , BhipamaBIIIKX
UHTepeCbI rJiaBHhlM o6pa30M cpe;:i;HeH 6ypmya3HII H HHT8JIJIHf0HIJ,HH. ,B :KOHIJ;e
)ŒpTa .li'3 Co6paHHH ymJI:e:: RneMaHco, <D:rone, illeJihmep, JloR,pya. ffaBieCTHB'
Go61paHne O CJIOiKeHHH C ce6a .n;enyTaTCRHX IIOJIHO)lOlJHH, JloKpya B OTKphITOM
IUIChMe, a.n;peicoBaHHOM BepcaJihCKOMy co6paHHIO, Il3JIOiKH:I TaKme MOTIIBI:,I
cBoer,a yxo.n;a. MoTHBHpOBKa Jlo:npya no:n.a3aTe.:rhHa ,a;.rra KOJIOOJIHIOm;eftca
r.
«La Commune>>, 30 mars 1871.
<<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 29 mars 1871.
69 G. Le français-. Etude S1ur le m0t.1Yement communarliiste ... , p. 20.2.
70 ((Le Siècle», 30, 31 mars 1871.
67
68
361
Il03Hll;HH «c1pe,lJ;HHX CJIOe.B » rra pnma B CBH3H C no6e,n;HhlM mecTBHeM peBOJIIO
D;HH 18 MapTa 1871 r.
BepcaJIL c,n;enancH cpe,n;aTOqJrnM Be-ex CHJI pea.Kn;HH, JIKean Jloxpya. i«TaM
.aaa.MH RoôJieHn;a H aHaMH Ceµ;aaa». TopmecTBO .BepcaJIJI 6LIJIO 6LI T�8CT-BOH
MOHapXHH. BepcaJihCROe II\PaBHTeJihC'TBO HeHaBHC.THO napojzy. Ho }I.JIH Tor-0,
'IT06hl ;:i;o6HTbCH •CB-OHX rrpaB H OTCTOHTb pecny6JIBKY, rpam)l;aHcKaH BO:Ü:Ha IJl8
HymHa. Bceo6m;•e.e 11rn6npaTeJibHOe npano, yBepHJI Jloxpya,- 9T0 c11J11,neimee
•opymHe 1Hapoµ;a, oHo .n;aeT eMy B0'3M
- omaocr1:, BhlpaaHTL cBOJO BOJIIO. «B Ilap11.me
n01.1111we Hapo,n;noe ,n;Bnmemrn coa,n;ano npaBaTeJILC'l'BO, Hap;aBmee p;eKtpeTH Jj
UOJI1.,3Y Hapo.n;a, :CTpeMH�·eecH il( coa;:i;aHHIO CB06o,n;HLIX HyH�BIIaJIBTeTOB.
Ilo-aTOMY BepcaJI1,c,1we co6panHe JJ;OJI>KHo y:ü:TH, pacnyeTHTL ce6JI. Cpox ero
IIOJIHOMO'IJH.H KOHl{HJICH. 1IlycTb yxo�T, TaK KaK eo6i..1THH noxaaaJIH, 'ITO OHO
necnoco6Ho B-epeyTh c-rpaae HH Mnpa, HH 6Jiarococro11mm. Ono JI.Onmno yi:TB,
Tal\ 'KaK HHKOr,n;a He Y-TBep,n;H·T pecrry6mrxy, BOCTOpiKeCTBOBaBIDYIO npoTHB ero
IBOJIH no $panu;1un> 71•
4. HA lJAJIO rPAiK){AHCKOB BOAHLI.
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�LI! ÛHH IlOOMeJIH! ÛHH Ha'tfaJIH rpam�aHCKYIO BO:Ü:Hyf ·BapLlB 111ero�OBamtH H
apocTH oxnaTHJI oOJlhIDRHCTBo naceJieH11H: «B Bepcan1,! B Bepcan1,ft IlapBm
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J{BHHYJIHCI, Ha BepcaJib. 'OJIH PeRJIIO B CB08M �eBHRKe TaK OJIBCLlBaJI Ba11aJIQ
.aroro IlOXO'Aa: «BI,IOT 6apa6a,Hhl. BaTaJihOH aa 6aTaJILOHOM BLlCTynaIOT Ha�o
HaJibHble rBap�eiil(LI c MoHMap-rpa, Ba BeJibBHJIH, H3 CenT-AtrryaneROro npeA
MeCTMI. ÛHH 11,lJ;YT O paaBepnyTbIM'H IqpaCHLIMH 3HaMeBalOI. fpoano, RaR JIO
.synr, neceTcH MapceJI1,eaa, KaK Jroaynr OHH noBTopa:roT: «B BepcaJILl Ms RA0M
a Be-pcaJiy,f .1) BaTaJI1,0HhI IDJIH BCIO no111,. H ua yTpo 3 anpeJIJI .npo;n;onmaxa
-em;e ,lJ;BHraT:WH OTAeJIJ;Hble Ball03'AaBmHe rpymn.y B 3-5 11eJIOBeK. «EcTt, JIB
y Bac naTpOHLI?» - «Mbl a:ra:ë:,n;eM llX Tau! ltpoMe Toro, paaBe -B mu: ôy.I{eT
11a;:i;o6H�T1,? ApMIIH aa pecny6nHKy! Ror�a coJip;aTLt BCTpeTJl"l'CR c Ba:HH, na11ne-TCH �paTaJIJJe» 72•
Xo,n; co6LITHi He orrpaBµ;aJI aToro onTKMBCTH1IOOKoro npornoaa. B TO't me
,A0HI, ,Ilaip :e:m yaHaJI O MaCCOBhIX paccTpenax '.B3HThlX B IIJieH Ha�BOHaJIL,n,IX
rBap,n;e�eB 'H o 8Bepcxnx rJiyMJienuax na� HHMH. dl npHexaJI Ha BepeaJIJI
'B8BOJIBOBaJIHLii, B03Mym;enHI.iI:ë: ymacaMH, KOTOpiiiI-e H yBH.I{eJI cOÔCTB0HHliDDI
rJiaaaMB: ... C nJI-eHHblMH B BepcaJie o6parqa10Tc11 mecToRo••• H BHAeJI HOOKOJILRO
tieJI0Be:K - ORpoBaBJieHHhIX, C OTOpBaHHLIMH ymaMH, C JIBI\OM H mooi, uen;a
panaHHLIMH, TOlJHO ROrTHMH X�HLIX 8Bepe:ë:. HM IL'I0BaJIH B JIBD;O, cp:LIBaJIH
,c HHX K0IlH, OCLIIIaJIH .rpy6eiimeii 6paHhIO, ,KpH1laJIH IIPOKJIHT]JJU. 3ro JIHCLHO
·oqrn,u;eipa na�HOHaJihHOH rBapp;nn K. Bappepa K tIJiffilMI' RoMxyHJaI 6uno
o:rryôJIBKOBaHO 6 a1D1PeJJH B ee OlpHil;HaJibHO:ir ra3eTe 73.
Hanap;eBBe
Bepcam,cKBX BoiicR
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CM. «'Le Rappel», 2 avril 1.671. Bepooai.œoe co6paBlle
JloKpya o6 OTCTaB-Re H llOCMHJIO ero 'B TIOpLlcy'.
72 E. Re c 1 us. Op. cit., p. 62-63.
3
' «Journal officieb, 6 avril 1871.
71
362
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CTynHllKOB, npe�aMepeHHO nop;rOTOBllBlliHX 1l pa3BH3aBIDHX rpam;::i;aHCKYIO
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li Ka.K 'HH cnpaBeJJ,JIHBLI 6LL1I11 lfYBCTBa I'llena li M8CTII, npop;HKTOBaBIIIHe 3TOT
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npanhl c ocTaBnmMIICH B IlapBme croponH.RKaMH Be.pcaJion;
· eB. ;r:(·eJieraT o6in;e
CTB0HHOi 6esonacuocrH P11ro nOTpe6oBaJI aeMep;Jiemrnro paccrpeJia apecToBaH
HLIX .uaxauyHe napHmciroro apxHeIIHCKOila II CBHID;0HHHKOB, H3BeCTHhIX KaK
BjparoB RoMMY,HLI. ;r:(pyrHe npe)];JIOlKHJIH JJ,BHHYTbCH n pa6olJHe npe)J;MOOTI:,H,
Ol'Kp:LlTL TIOpLMhl 'Il npe)];OCTaBHTI, aapo.JJ;y CYA H pacILpany Hap; areHTaMH II
CTOpoHWIKaMB BepcaJI:brt;eB.
,r:(eJieraT IOCTHn;'B.H 6JiaHRllCT Ilporo aaHBHJI: <<PeaHeii: He orBe11a10T Ha pe3BIO. Mu He MomeM HapymaT1> 11paBOBhle HopMhI. Hap;o �eii:crB0Ba·T1> saKoHHO>>.
«lfTaK, OOJIH Hac 6yp;yT npoµ;oJimaTb y6HBaTb, Mbl 6y)];eM rrpop;onmaTI, 'TOJibKO
urpat1, B saKoHHOCTb» - npepBaJI iero PaC'TYJib. 1<<MomHo fü,1T1> rp03HLIM no
OTHomeHHIO K BjparaM, OCTaBa.HCI, cnpaBe)J;JIHBI:,IMH H ryMaHHhlMH>>,- noapa3HJI
llpoTO 17•
B TaKoi o6cTaHOBKe po,n;IIJICH ):J;eKper RoMMYHbI o aaJIOlKHIIKax, p;aBmB.ii
T1,epy H BCeMy tBepcaJIIO nono,n; )J;JIH opraHH3an;RH 11y,n;oBHD:(Hoi no cBoeMy
pa3Maxy KJieBeT:LI IIpOTIIB peBOJIIOD;HOHHOro I· lapnma, KJI8B0Tl>I, KOTopyro peaK
IJ;HOHHLie HCTOp11KB IIOBTOpHIOT em.e li B Hamn JJ,HH.
Ilo npe;::i;JiomeHHIO IlpoTo, nop;)];epmaHHOMY ,IJ;eJieKJII03oM, ÔhlJI 0JJ;HHOrJiacno
11pHHHT -cJie;zymin;IIii: p;eiqpeT: «Ilap1ImcKaa R01,n1yüa, rrplIHHMaH Bo BHJIMaHHe,
qTo BepcaJibCKOe npaBB'TeJlbCTBO OT•KphlTO IlOilIIpaeT npaBa qeJIOB81IH'OCTII Il
HapymaeT 3aKOHLI BOHHLI, 11TO OHO OKa3aJIOCI, IlOBHHHhlM B ymacax, KOTOpLIMH
He OCKBepHHJIH COOH )];ame aaxBaT1IH.KH q>pann;yacKOH 30MJIH..., IIOC'TaHOBJIHeT:
GT. 1. BcJ.LKoe JI11n;o, yJI1I11enaoe B coo6m.nu11ecTBe c BepcaJII.CKHM npaBH
TenI>CTBüM, 6y)];eT iHeMe,JJ;Jienao apecTOBano II npep;aHo cy)];y;
CT. 2. B Te1IeHHe ;::i;Bap;n;aTB 11e-rLipex qacoB 6yp;er coa)];aHo 06nHHHTeJI1,Hoe
m10pu }];JI.JI paa6opa npecTynJieHB.:a;
CT. 3. ÎRIDJHI 6yp;eT BhIHOCIITI, II,pBI'OBOphl B T'840HHe 48 qacoB;
1
n O no.n;poÔHOCTJIX y6niiCTBa Cl>JiypaHCa KoMMyHa yaaaJia T0JILKO 10 anpem1.
75 dlpOTOROJILI», T, I, CTp. 107.
711
77
Tax me,
Tax me,
T.
T.
1, ctp. 106.
I, cTp. 106�107.
363
CT. 4. Bce
o6BHHHeMhrn, aap;epmaHHhfe no np:aroBopy o6B.HBHTeJihiIOro
>RIOPH, 6y,n;yT ,CqHTaTI,CH 38JIO.iHHHRaMH napH.iHCKOro napo,n;a;
CT. 5. HaaHb Ramp;oro BOeHHOIIJI0HHOro HJIH CT0p0HHllRa aaR0HH0ro npaBH
'f0JihCTBa Ila pn:mc1rnii HoMMYHhI neMep;JieaHo n:oBJieqeT aa co6oi xaan1, Tpo:ü
noro qJicJia saJIOiRH'IIKOB, aa,n;.epmaHHhIX corJiaCHO CTaTLe 4; OHII OYJQTT Bhlp;e
JieBbl no mpefüno>> 78•
3TOT l);eRper Bhl3BaJI omecTO-CJeHHhfe HaIIa]lKH Ha HoMMYHY 00 Bcex CTOpoH.
BepcaJihIJ,hl cTa;,:in •Ripnqan, o «BapBapcTB-e», o «Teppope», o «paa6oiiHB1Rax» ,.
aaxBaTHBmHx BJiac-rh B Ilapnme.
)];ame BHR'TOp rroro iHe IlOHHJI, IlOlieMy RoMMyHe IIPHDIJIOOL BCTaT.L Ha IIYTf>.
Teppopa, He IIOHHJI Toro, 'ITO :3TO 6blJI aKT -ca1rno6opOHhl n:pOTRB .3JI0;:(0HHRH Bep
caJihCKOH peaKI(HOHHOIÏ BOeHmKHhI, 'H3;:t;eBaBmeiicH Ha):t .IlJ1'8HHhlMR KOMMyHa
paMH. «MM rome xoTnM, "l!Tofü,1 yBamaJIH CBOOO.AY, n:paBa...,- OTBellaJIH B»KTo
py f roro CTOPOHHHKH KoMMYHhI.- Bhl HBJUI0TOCb aa�.u:THBR0M HeIIp'BROCBO
f
B0HiHOCTH qeJIOBf qecKO:Ü .iHH3HH, :Uhl Tome. Ho 0CJIH Ha Bac HananeT paa6o:iiHHl< ,.
y6H:ün;a, RaRoii-HH6y,n;1> BonanapT n:in T,ponnMaH, paaBe Bhl II0ACTaB'RTe eMy
IIO-XpHC'TliiaHCKH mero H µ;a.I(HTe e.e6a aap;ymHTL? EcJIH 6hl y Bac 6blJia apMHH ,.
ne ie-raJJJH 61i1 BM 3a:1�:am;aThC.a? qTo me �eJia-eT Ro.MMyaa? Ham:a �eicTRHH ,.
K KOTOphlM Mhl BhIHYiK;:(0HbI npn.6erHy'Tn, He HBJUUOTCH IlpHM0BeH.He.M Ha npaK
THRe nponoarJiameHHhIX HaMH np:aiHD;HIIOB, ROTOpble .Mhl aam;um;aJIH H npona
raH�HpoBaJFH B Hapop;Hl>IX Maccax, paW{ ROTOphIX Mhl TepneJIH TIOpLMY H CCLIJI
Ky. Her, TO, lfTO Bhl BHJO{Te lI C q,eM Bl>I HecorJia�Hhl l{ R lleMY y Hae TaKoe me
orHiomeKHe 1 .KaŒt y Bac,- aro ;Roba, 6ecnom;�H Boiaa, 'Ha'laTaH rrpoTKB ro
po;i;a B ']];Ba ·MHJIJIHOHa mJITe.;mft, npornB Ilapltma, ooropLI:ii sam;»m,aeT npano,.
crrpaBe.I(.1:HBOCTL, oxpany CBOHX O'laroB, "40CTb, mlf3HL, 6naronoJiyqR.e tBOHX
e,eM-eiî; 3"00 ,BOB\Ha B'O HMH icnaœHHH ropo.n:a, po;rt;ffHhI, Pecuy6JJ'BRJU 79•
ÔJI·H PeKJIIO, ·ae
· o.n;oopirn: ;::i;eKpera, np11,anaieT B clroeM 'Affeamme, 1l'T-O yrpoaa,.
8ByqaBmaH B ,n;expeTe, npoH3BeJJa ,ll;OJI.iHHOe BJieqaTJI0H}Ie Ha BepeaJILI(eB: 0BD
nepecTami y61rnaTh rr:1eHHhIX. <<B HIOHe 1848 r. ôypmyaia.u:a B ee apMiliH,- ITH
e,a.rr :MapKC,- BOCCTa'HOB:lUI'H p;aB'HO yme HCqeaicyBIIIH:Ü: BOeHHhlH 00hl1l'Ri pac
c·'.flpeJia ·oe33aID;HTHbIX IIJieHHhIX. 3ro:My 3Be,J)Cffl)MY o6M1IaIO aaTe:M 60Jree UJm Me
H€.e c".llporo -cJie,I(oBaJl'n: npn noex !PacnpaBax c uapoAHM•M �CHB:eM B EBpOne
M lIHJlfIII ... IlpyceaKH Bo <I>parrrzyrn: CHOBa BB0J111 OOhI1Ia:Ü 6pa'TL 33.JIO>IUŒHOB HH B 'l{eM He llOBHHHbIX JIIOp;e:ü, KOTOpble CBoei >RB3H.bl0 AOJI>KHhl OI,IJlll OTBeqaTh
aa AeiîcTBHH Apyrnx. Hor�a T1,e p... em;e B HatJaJie BO:Ü:HLI e IlapWKeM BBeJI
ryMaBHhIÜ o6hlqan paccTpe:.ia 1rn:•eHHhlX ROMMynapoB, Ro1nt:yna OhIJia BhIHym
p;ooa AJIH cn:aceHRH .iHH3HH 3THX IIJieHHhIX npa6erHyTh ·K npyccKoMy o6bl'l8IO
6pa-Tb 3aJI0.ïKIFHK0B>> BO.
BupoqeM, HecMOTpH Ha H3,r(aHHhrii l];enpeT, npaBHreJILCTBO RoM.MYHLI npo
HBlIJio CJIHillKOM MHOro BeJIHKOAYIDHH no OTBOID0HHIO K an.eiim:u:M BparaM na
Œ)HiRCKOro napoAa. ÔTO HeyMeCTH0e B0JI1IKO,I(ymu,e CRa3aJJ.OCL B TOM, "11'0, ape
CTOBaB H0CKOJihRO COT0H q,eJioBeR ( rJiaBHbIM o6pa'30M nepeo�eTblX areBTOB
BepcaJIH H HeCKOJII,KHX Bil)�HbIX npe.rwraBHreJiei CTaporo 1IHHOBHll'l0CTBa li
KaTOJIH1IOC,KOro µ;yxoBeHCTBa)' RoMMyHa He paecTpeJIHJia µ;ame llOJIBD;eiicKHX�
CXBalleHHl>IX C samnraTeJibHhlMII CHapHJJ;3Mll. B peayJILTaTe TaKOH IlOJIOBB.Hqa
TOH IIOJilITHRH RoMMYBhl BeipcaJU,D;hl BC.Kope CHOBa CTa.JIH. MaceaM'JI pace"TpeJIR
BaTI, IIJWHHIJX.
BhlcTpaH :a pemnTeJ.IhHaH no6ep;a aap; BepcaJieM, B KOTopy10 TaK r11y6oKo
BepHJI Il·ap·nm, He 6Ii1Jia f\OCTifflfYTa. Ho ohlJia JIH oHa Boo6m;e BoaMomHa? Yme
nocJie nqpameHHH HoM�1ya1>1 BepcaJ.IhD;hl ;:::r;oJimHhl ÔhIJIH npaauaTI., 'ITO Ta.Kas,
B03MOHŒOC'l'I:, 6b1Jia BIIOJIHe peaJibBO:Ü Il 'tJTO OHH O'tJ0HL 6oHJIIICL nopameHHH.
78 ((IlpOTOKOJILI>), T.
79
I, CTp. 103-104.
«Paris libre», 16 avril 1871.
BO R. M
a
pK C. fpa:mµ,aHCRaH
Co11., T. 17, cTp. 363-364.
364
BOÜ:Ha BO
(l)paHqHH.
K. M 3 pK C B <I>. 3 Br e JI h c.
J(=
ApM1U1 6LIJia Kpa:üne Hena�emHoii, IllPe,u;rroJiaraJin, qTo oHa He yc:TOHT npornB
peBOJIIO:qHOHiHOro HaTUCKa 100 'fLIC. HaIJ,HOHaJihHhlX rBapp;eüu;eB. &JIH 6LI KoM
MyHa cyMeJia xopomo opraHH30Ba'I'h 1peBo.rno:o;n:oHHbl.H IIOTOR, ycrpeMHBIDHH
CH, KaK JiaBHHa, B BepcaJI.b, BC·e MOfJIO 6LI 6bITb 'HHa •rn.
IlepBLie arrpeJI1>cR0:e ooH crou:JIH KOMMynapaM 6oJib0 eHcuHX
m:e:x aceprn. 11 anpem1 Ilap:e:m xopoHHJI cnoHX aam1: y6BT:blX
�HTHIRKOB, naBDIHX B 00.HX C BepcaJieM B nepBLie �HH
anpeJIH. OrpOMHaH npou;ecc.BH B p;eCHTRH ThlC.Hq 11eJI0BeK co6paJiaCh, lfT06hl
npoBO;r:J;HTh yfuirhlx. CKop6no H ropmecTBenno aByqa;r rroxoponHLI:Ü Mapm.
Ilpon;ecc:e:.a ;a;Bu:ra�TJaeL Me.n;neHHo. IIipe.n;craBHre::rn HoMMYHhI IIIJUI B pH;a;ax npo
BomaBm11x; cpe�11 n-Ù:x 6LIJI craphlii ôopel\ aa pecrry6JIHRY ,D;eneKJII03. Or HMeHH
IloMMYHhI OH npoHaHec KopoTKYIO peqi,: <<Bhl HX JII06.Hre ne cnJihHOO, qeM a
llX JII06JIIO. ÛHH CTcm:JIH HaM CJlllillKOM p;oporo. I',pamp;aHe, rpaïRA'8Hlrn:l To, lfTO
11 xoqy B8M CRa'3aTL, MO»iHO pe3IOMHpOB8'Th raR: )!hl Tpe6yeM crrpaBe,TI;JIHBOCTll
�JIH 6oJI1,moro ropo.n;a, KoTopLI:ë: uocJie rr.aTH :�rncm::i;eB oca;:i;LI, npe,u;a IIHhIH CBOHM
npaBBTeJILCTBoM, ;a;eipmnT eru;e B cBonx py1rnx 6y;::i,ym;ee qeJioneqecrBa. He 6yµ;eM
llJiaKaTL •Ha,D; HaIDIIMH 6paTI,HMII, repo1I'lf0-C.H'H rrorn:6IIIJIMH. H-0 ,n;a,n;nM KJIHTBY,
'ITo npo.n;oJimHM Hx ,n;eJio H crraceM Cao6o,n;y, noMMyny, Pecny6JIHKY>> 81.
10 arrpeJIH KoMMyHa npHHHJia A8RpeT O rreHCHHX )];JI.II qJieHOB ceMeii IIOrH6mHX «IIPH aam;ll'Te· rrpaB Ha.po.n;a>>: meRaM rrpe,n;ocTaBJIHJiaCL Il8HCJ1:H B 600 cppan
ROB; Ea.m,n;oMy pe6eHKY ;:i;o 18-JieTHero Boapacra AOJiiRHa 6bIJia 6hlTh o6ecrre
-ieHa emero,ri;HaH nemrn:n B 365 .cppaHROB, BhIIIJia1IHBaeMaH eme�rnca11Ho. Kpyr
JibIX CHPOT KoMMyHa 6paJia Ha CBOe HiRJÇHB0HHe, o6H3aB IIIllCh µ;aTI, HM BCe
,CTOpOHHee oqpa30BaHHe, HeC>OXO,D;HMOe ]J;JIH Toro, lfT06hI OHH iRHJfH CBO:UM Tpy
,AOM. PoACTBeIIHHKH nor116mHX llOJiyqaJlll npaBO na neHCHIO OT 100 ,n;o 800 cppaH
l\OB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT crerreHH HX Hym,n;aeM:OCTH.
Ü;(HO llOJIOH<eHH(} 3Toro ,ri;e-KpeTa nopJ.JB3J.IO C ,n;orMaMH R8TOJIH1leCKO.ÎÎ n;epK
l3H, 6ypmyaanoii McipaJibIO ·II 6ypmyaaHhlM npaoolir - rrpaBoM Beex ;i:i;ereii Ha neH
CHIO neaaBHCHMO OT roro, 6bIJI 6paK HX po.n;nTe;rn:ii aaperncTpHpoBan HJIH neT.
Ro;a;ettc HauOJieoHa ocoo6om.n;aJI oTn;a oT 'BCHRux 3a60T ,o BHe6pa1IHOM pe6eH1rn.
IlapHm-eKaH l�oM-MYHa 1871 r. cTaBHJia mem:n;n:Hy B ,paBHorrpaBnoe noJiomenne
C Mf'K'IŒHOH, np1mHaB aa ee ipe6eHI{OM HerrpeMeHHOe rrpaBo HM0Th O'Tn;a.
EcJin rrepBbie .n;er'\perhI noMM �HbI rroBJieKJIH 3a co6oü
BIIIIXoA ôypacyaaHWX
p8JIIIRa.DOB B3 COCTaBa yx-011. <<napTlrH MSiPOB>), T'O H8COhIBIII'TI.8,CJI Me'1IThI O CKOKOJOIYIIW
poü rro6e;a;e na;;:i; BepcaJII.U,aMH, nepBhle B-OeHHhie aey)l;a-qu: n ,n;eKpeT o 3aJIOIBHHKax TOJ.IRHyJin: K ôercrBy na RoMMYHhI rpynny
raM6èTTH-CToB: PaHKa, Jiecp-eBpa, YJrn:cca IlapaHa, fynHJIH. 0 CBoeM yxoµ;e H3
RoMMyHbI PanK H JiecpeBp IIIHPOKO orroBeCTttJUI qepea rrelfa-Tb, 'H aToT YA8JP
B CIIHHY 6LIJI e�e 6oJiee rrpe.n;areJibCKHM, 1l8M yxo,u; M8p-OB. 8To 6bIJIO HaCTO.fI
�ee ]1;030,PTHpcTBO. «yxo� CTOpOHHHROB 6ypmya3HH Mhl npe.r(BH.r(eJ.IH,- rr:u-caJI
BrrocJI·e,n;cTB11H MaJioH.- ÛII-H Re upnaHaBaJIH RoMMYHY, TeM 6oJiee con;11aJIH
cTn11ecJŒ:e T0HACHil,HH ·ee npeAM0CTHH. Ho OTCTaBRa IlOCJie)l;HHX mecTH 1IJ10HOB
KoMMYHhl Ka3'aJm-cb aeo6'I>HCHHMOH>> 82.
CoBceM nenoHHTHbIM KaaaJ1cn yxo,n; PaHKa. Bhrnmnii 6JiaHKHCT, y1Iac· THHK
Jlo3aHIHCKOro K0Hrpecca HHTepHaIJ,HOHaJia, OH rrpHHHJI aKTHBHOe y11acTHe B
rrpe�BM6opnolÏ 6op1,6e II BhlllYC'TIIJI 8a CBOeJÏ IIO)l;IIHCLJO n:a6npaTeJibHYIO aqm:
my, rJiac1rnmy10, l!TO TO:IbRO HoMMyHa crracer <:DipaHu;nro O'T ymacoB rpam;i;aH
�Roiî: BOÏIHbl H yKperrHr pecrryOJIHRY 83• ApHy, Jlecppanca n, Bepo.HTHO, ,n;pyrae
-IJI'0HhI KoMMYHhI rr1>1raJinc1, YAepmaTb PaHRa: OHM noHR}IaJIH, rrro ero yxo�
-0-rpa3HTC.ff Ha nacrpoeHHHX 'll3B0C'THI.IX C.'TJOeB 6y1pmya8HH H qTo BepcaJibD;hl
llCTOJIKyror e:ro KaR ,n;o:rrnaare:rbcTBO uecor:rncn:ii 11: oopbühI BHyrpn Ro:\n1y
.HhI. Ho BCe yroBophI Jleq>paHca 11 ApHy HH K lfeMy ne rrp11.ne:rn. <<MoH orcTaBRa
81 M. Des sa 1. Op. cit., 3319
.
82 B. Ma on. Op. cit., p. 110.
1
83 F. Ma i11 a r d. Op. cit., p. 90.
365
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KOMilpOMeTHpOBaTb ce6H y11aCTHeM B .n;�me, B TopmecTBO KOTOporo OH, Ka.K H
I'aM6eTTa, He nepnJI. Ha caMoM me �eJie, 6yJ(Ylm npe.n;CTaBHTeJIHMll epeAHHX
CJIOeB 6ypmyaaH11, ra.MOOTT'H.CTl>I ne MOrJIR OOTaTLe.sl B R'.OMMyHe 110 TO:H me
ILJ)HtJHHe, 110 RaI(OH ymJIH H3 Hee KOHCepBaTOpLI: OHH ,ne MOrJUI o.n;o6p1fl'eJI.LHO
OTH0CTHCb R -con;na.l.lHCTHlJeCKOH TeH.n;eHqHH nepBLIX llOJIHTHll0CKHX H co�aJIL
HblX .n;eRpeToB RoMMYHhl. PaHo :mm noa.n;Ho yxo,A pa�KaJILHLIX poonyoJIHKRH
n;eB 6hlJI npe�pemea. IlepBhl'e BOeHHLie n- eyAa"IH .nmn.1, yCKopHJIB ero.
B ne,p'Bhl•e me � rpam.n;aarcKoii ·BOiHLI aK'm&DBpOAeJ1Tem»BocT1t
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CKOii BOHHLI. �-BRilŒHBe rrpllM'H'p'IITeJieii 'B aupene OXBa.THJIO AOBOJllJIO IIIBipO
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84 Ranc. Souvenirs - correspondance (1831-1008). Paris, 1013, p. 211.
85 «Le Rappel», 7 avril 1871.
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«Jom·nal officiel», 12 avril 1871; P. La n j a l le y et P. Cor riez. Histoire de la
révolution du 18 mars. Paris, 1871, p. 208-200.
89 «L'Affranchi», 10 avril 1871.
90 Ibidem.
88
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91
92
93
E. Lep e 11 et i e r. Histoire de la Commune de 1871, t. II. Paris, 1913, p. 146.
«Journal officiel», 2 avril 1871.
Ibid., 3 avril 1871.
24 IlapumcHafl HOMM}'Ha, T, 1
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BMecTe c JIIO,IJ;l>M!H, ecJIH oHH ,n;eHCTBYJOT oT :HMmm Rolf'MYHLI. •Ho .a )tlOJm(eH o6paT.HTb Bame BmtMaHHe, r-H MllHH-CTp H ]:(Oporo:ë: KOJIJiera, Ha TO, lJTO BOO H8IIl1f
YiCIHJlllH 6y,n;yT cooopm,eHRo iJiaupacm:LI l,I(O TeX nqp, llOKa a-,n;MB!H!B'eTpan;IDI IIO"tJTbl
ae .uepecTaH-eT pacc1,1JiaT1, IIHc1,11,rn H3 IlapH.ma, p;eiicTBYH .KaK areBT RoM1i1:yu1,u 96.
29 arrpeJI.a ,IJ;io<J>o,p nncaJI yme Herrocpe,n;cTBeHBo PaMnony: «MmmeTp BJJYT
pHHH1IX )J;eJI C11:rHaJIH3HpyeT O HOBLIX q>ainax HapymeHIDI Il011TOBOH aÀHHIHI
CTJ)an:11eii CBOHX OÔH3aHHOCTeH... BLI ,IJ;OJiiKHI,J -npllHHTI, BOO MepLI npoTllB pac
npoCTpaH'eRBH Koppecrronµ;e.HU:lIH RoMMYJIM. H Hacra11Ba10 Ha HOOTJIOiKHOM
npHHHTKH KpaiBIIX Mep. IloJIOiK0HHe TaROBO, lITO MLI Be MOiKeM Il03BOJIHT&
II01IT0 6IJTL noco6HHKOM Hm�ypreHTOB» 97.
B Te11enne arrpeJI.a: rro11roBaH cJiym6a HoMMyllLI c KaJRWi,IM J{HeM paemRp.a
Jia CBOIO J.(i8HT8JibH-OCTb.
94
95
96
97
370
B. Laurent. Op. cit., p. 51.
Ibid., p. 38.
Ibid., p. 39.
Ibid.. p. 40-41.
5. �OIIOJIHBTEJll>HblE BhIEOPhl B KOMMYHY
B
nepBo:Ü IIOJJOBJIHe anpeJUI B coc·TaBe RoMMYHhl ocTa
JIOCh 64 lJJieHa, Ha l!bH IIJielfH JI0fJIO TllTaHH1!0CROe
0 Jl;ODOJOIBTeJlhHhlX
6peMH IPeBOJIIOD;llll, c RaïR;::J;blM )J;•He:M c:raHOBHBmeecH
Bwfiopax B KOMHYBY
BCe 6on·ee li 6œ1ee HeIIOCHJihHblM. 3aHHThie B ROMIIC
CHHX HJIII B M3pliHX {RaK ee p;eJiera·r@)' 1JJJ8HbI RoMMYHbI 6hlJlll rreperpymeHhl
OOH33,HHOCTHMH, H y.me B naqaJJe anpeJUI 'qCTBepTb YIJieHOB RoMMyHhl OTCYT
CTBOBaJia Ha ee 3acep;aHIUIX. 1 anpeJI.a ,UroBaJib, Pnro ll ,Ilpo-TO npe,II;JIOiRHJUI
HCRJII01IHTb H3 ,cocTaBa RoMMYHhl Tex, KTO He CM0'1ŒT o6'JJHCH11Tb nplll{HH
CBOero O''l'CYTCTBHH Ha ee aac-e,u;aHHHX. Jleq>eBp IIOTpeooBaJI, tITOOhl OTCYTCTBHe
na Tpex aace,u;aaIDIX noBJieKJIO aa co-60:ü JIHmerrne maJioBaHLH aa 15 JJ.He:ii 98•
B CJie�IOIIl;ll-0 )J;HH 6LJJIO Ilp€]J;JIOiR0HO 3aBeCTH perncTpa:Il,HOilHbIH JIHCT, a no
TOM JIHÎllaTI, ]J;H0BHOI'O maJIOBaHbH 3a oreyTCTBHe Ha OJ];HOM aace]);aHHH. Ho BCe
aTn 1rrnp1:,1 6hIJIH otieHh Ma:10 0q><peKTHBHhI. Ilo Mepe Toro, •KaK ,o6c·TaHoBKa ycJio
a<HHJiach 'II BOB.Ha OTBJie.KaJia BCe 60.rrbme H 6oJibIDe CHJI, Ha aace]);aHIUI RoM
MyHM npHXO)J;HJIO BCe MeHhme JIIO,II;eiî.
Heo6xOl];HMOCTb IIOIIOJIHIITh COCTaB Tia,pHIBCKOÎÎ HoMMYHhl CTaJia OlJeBI:l,IJ;
HOH yxrn B Ha1IaJie anpeJI.a. II;eiHTjpaJibHblll HOMlIT'eT )lBa,u..n;aTH oRpyroB , CCbl
JiaHCh Ha orri.rT IIap·mRcRoii R,oM'MYHhI 1793 r., IllpeAJ}araJI yBeIDPfHTh "l!HCJIO
1IJieHOB :KoMMYHhl ,u;o 240 "lleJIOBeR. IIacRaJib fpycce Ha3hJBaJ.I ll,mp.py B 180 "lle
JlOBeR. Ho 1-rnmn.1 rryTeM cJiep;oBaJio )];eiicTnoBaTh, 11T1o6h1 yBeJIH1I1ITh oocTaB
HoMMYHbl - rryT1eM Jill rrpocron: R'OOile<pa I�HH UJIH opraH'H30BaB HOJBhle, ,1l.OIIOJI
HHT0JU,H:hie BhlÔOpM? E,n;11BCTBa MHeJIIIii B RoMMyne ne 6hlJIO. TpHJJ;OH :11 Baii
HH, aanpHMep, Boo6m;e JIOJiaraJ.CH, qTo 6hlJ.CO 61.1 i(<HeIIO:IH'THlJHO B aaCTOHID;HB
MOM0HT yBeJill1IHTI, qllCJIO qJieHOB RoMMYBhl>) 99• J(e:.reRJII03 ClJHTaJI, l:fTO Hll 0
Ra•RHX .BLIOopax ne MomeT 6LITL pew, Kor,u;a rpoxoqyT uymRH II H3611paTeJIH
ronocy10T na aBaHIIOCTax Ilap:e:ma, cpama.ach H YMHJpa.a aa HoMMy,ny. IIocJJe
HaqaJia rpamJJ;aHcRo:ü BO:ÜHhl cy,u;1,6a peBOJIIOll,HH pemaJiach yme He 1rn6npa
TeJILHUMH 6IOJIJieTeHHMH. ÔTO IIOHHMaJHI BCe. TeM Be MeHee, 6oHCh o6BIIH8HIIH
B y3yprran;HH BJiacra, Ro1n1yHa IIOCTaHOBHJia Ha3Ha'l!HTb ,U.OIIOJIHH 'TeJihHbre BLI6opu. ,I(eRp-eT 06 î}'TIIX BbIOopax 6bI.:'I 'H3,D;aH eru;e ,n;o yx-o,:i;a TaM'6eT'THC'TOB, H rro3TOMY 6hlJI-O pem-eHO H36paTb 16 HOBbIX p;erryTaTOB B3a:.\IeH yrrrn,a;rneii H3 H'.oM
MyHbI napTHH KOHcepB'aTopoB H eru;e 6 ,n;enyTaTüB, TaK 1-rnR ApHy, BJiaHRJI,
l{eneRJII03 H Teiic 6hlJl'H op;HüBip,e:.weuno H36ipaHbI B .L(,Byx ORpyrax IlapH.ma,
a Bap.JreH 1B Tpex. Boero Ilapnm ;a;o.rrmeH 161.1JI BhIOpaTh 22 ŒI'◊BhIX p;enyraTa.
ITocJie ro.rio R3R Bl>IDOpLI Hec1roJibIW pa3 rre1peHOCHJIIlCh, O!HH 6hIJilf OROHrqa-TeJihHO
Ha\3Ha1!'3Hhl Ha 16 arrpeJIH lI ,IJ;O'H36ipaTb HYIBHO ObIJIO yme 31 qeJIOBeim.
26 MapTa n 16 aIIIPeJIH! CROJihRO üOOhTTlIH OT�e:rnJIH 3TH ,u;B-e MThI! R cepe
.UHHe anp�JJH yme 6bllH pa-30HThl HaAeIB,ll,hl Ha M'.HpHoe, 6ecnp8IIHTCTB
' eHHOe
Il10CTBHe peBOJIIOD;Hll. 0:JIJII030pHoii ORa3aJiaCb 'Ta!ORe YBetpeHHOCTb B TOM, qro
CTap1,1ft MRP, mm:a;eTBOpeHHhlii BepcaJibll,aMH, IIO,IJ;1IHHHTCH Hapo,r:,;Hoii BOJie, TaK
OT1I8TJIHBO BhlpameHHOH 26 MapTa.
I{ BbI6opaM 16 anpeJIH IlapHiR rrpHmeJI, 3Ha.a O TOM, lJTO rro6e,u;a KOHTppeBO
JIIOll,.HH rrpHHHCeT IIOB'TOpeiIHe HIOffbCROll 6oiîHH 1848 r. B ern;e ÔÔJibIDHX paa
Mepax. Ilall)HIB 3HaJI, llTO 16 anpeJI.a •eMy ona-Th npH,ri;eTCH BhIÔHpaTb MeIBAY
MoHapxaeii H pecrry6JIHROB. «RTo rro6ep;uT? IloTOMKII roma HJIH BHYRH RaTe
·
JIHHo?>> - c T1peBoroii cnpamHBaJI BaJIJiec H, npep;ocTeperaH rrapamaH, npe,u;
CRa3hIBaJI, tITO B ,CJiyqae no6e;:i;hl BepcaJibIJ;8B IIapHiR 6y,u;er aaJIIIT RpOBbIO.
«YHlilJTOiRHB 10 TblC. caMhIX rrpeïl,aHBhlX aaru;HTHHROB pecny6JIHKH, BepcaJiblJ;bl
comJIIOT B Haii,eiaHy HaceJieHHe ll,eJihIX oRpyroB Ila pHarn H rrpeBaOii,ll,yT 110 cBo
eii mec•TûKOCTlI naJia�eii IUOHbCRHX )J;Heii H aaroBopru;HROB 2 ;::c,e1m6p.a 1851 r.>> lOO
PemeBBe
98 dlpOTOIWJlhl> >, T. I, CTp. 77.
99 TaM nrn, T. I, CTp. 127-128.
100
«Le Cri du Peuple).}, 15 avril 1-871.
24*
371'
Ilapnm pa6oqHx oqeHb xopomo 3ro IIOHHMaJI; rroaroMy OH aam;Hm;a.1 CBOIO
Ho:.VBIYHY He Ha IBifBOT, a Ha C:.\IepTb n fOTOBH:ICH K TO:\-JY, qTo6hl B .n;eHL 16 an
peJIH cpaaHTbCH •C BepcaJieM 11 Ha 6appII1rn.ri;ax BORpyr ,Ilapnma c opymneM
B pyirnx, II IIPH IIOMOIIV,I 1rn6HpaTe.IhHOfO 6iœ1JieTeHH y ypHLI B -CBOeM ORpyre.
. per o ,n;ono:nrnre;n,HLIX BI,IDQpax nopo.n;HJI 60J11,
,Il,eK
my10 II0.. 1IITHTf8CRY10.iIHTep aTypy. Cp e;i;:H IIOHBHBIDHX
CH rrpe,n;BhI6opHbIX aqmrn, :IU'CI'OBOR, mrce.11 o6pam;a10T Ha ce6H .BHH,Mamrn
<<HHCI>Ma �OMMyHe OT IIO;:J;.1HHHO Npa<lliOflO>). AB'I'Op airnx IIHOOM - my:pHaJI.HCT
I'poMLe, corpyp;HaR opraHoB Me.aR06ypmya3noi ;:t.eM.0RpaT1u1 «Le Vengeur» .il
<<Le Rappel» 101• ÜH aa3I>rnaJI ce6H npn:Bep.arnHu;e11 H aam;HTHRKOM IlapJDRcKo:Ü:
H'.o�n1yHhl. C roqRH 3p8HHH f,pOMhe, peBOJilOIJ;HH 1871 T. R KORD;Y nepBOR IIO;IO
BHIU,I arrpeJIH BC'TYIIII�1•a B nep.110,n; 1HaH60JihIIIero HaIIpHïR0HHH ooex CBOBX CHJI.
Cooh!THH, no e-ro MHeHHlO, pa3BOpalUIBaIOTCH ,ll;JIH RoMMyHLI OtJBHJ, 6JiaronpHJJT
HO. Be,p,caJI1,cRIIe BoiîcRa Haxo,u;HrcH B orqaHHHO Tpy.n;HoM noJiomeHHH. HeMu;hl
BCe en:i;e BhDRI:I)];alOT J,[ He MOryT pemHTh, qh}O CTOpüHY npHHHTb - Bepc1aJIH HJIH
Ho:\-nt:yHIJ. EBponeiîc1-arn ,J;HIIJOMaTI,I HB.îJH:IIICh CTopoHHIIRaMH neMie,n;Jiennoro
H pemII·TeJI1,noro cor.'1arneHnH Memp;y IlapIImeM H BepcaJieM c -re:M, oµ;Halmt
ycJCoBJrnlr, qTo6hl EBporra :MOr.1a en:i;e <<HeCKOJihKO JieT l]jpeM1a'Tb no.n; 0rH;:t;o:ü
MOHapXIIH>). Ho <Dpam::i;m:r, ROTopyro ,CT0.1hHO paa H TaK ;:t;oJiro o6MaHLIBaJIH,
Müpa.1JI.Ho orrycrorna.1ur, naqnHaeT rrpHXO,r:J;IITh B COOH Il IIOHHMaTJ,t OTKy,n;a IIOA
HU:MaeTCH aapH cBo6on;Ii1; <<Beipca.'IhUhI rocrro;:i;cTBYIOT B Mapcene, TyJiyae, Ile
:prrre, JIHM'OiRe TOJihJ-.0 no BlI,IVD.fOCTH>). <<11pH3HBhl IIHIŒpa R �oqpüBOJihD;aM
B sam;HTY BepcaJIH npornB Ilap11ma He BC'TpeTHJIH noq'l'.ll HHKaKoro oTKJlHKat•
B pH;I.hI BetpcaJI1>n;eB BcTaJIH 'TO:IhRO e,11;n:iHHII,hl. 1IIpecTHm MaK-M;arona, BRnya t
faJiucpa lICIIapHJICH ... fopll30HT npo.HCHHCTCH ... Coa.n;aeTCH rroqBa ,l);JIH q>e;:i;e·paTHBHOH pecrryoJIHKII... qepThl IlapIImcNoii IioMMYHhI B11epne Tome o6p�ooBaHhlt �
II <DpaHIJ;HH 60.Jibme yme ne crropn·r o TO)r, HyIBHa JI:O: pecuy6JIIIRa. Pecrry61U1RaHc:nnii npHHD;HII no6e�nJI; OH BHe BCHRIIX )];HCKYCCH:Ü:. Crrophl II.IJ:YT TOJILKO
o Tol-r, cyMeror JI.Il 11�1eHhI nO:MlIYHhI coxpaHI:ITh, cnacTI:I Pecrry6JIB·RYt. «Bec1,
Ilapum,- ynepHJI fpOlihO,- He xoqe-r C03;:t;a1IHH iHOBOfO UyHHD;HIIaJiljHQfO
coneTa; Ilaip1uR - cTopoHHHR Ko11MyHhl. On coa;:i;ae-r II 6yµ;e-r coa.n;anaTL yxpen-.
nenn:H, OH cpamaercH, y�n1paeT II 6y;::i;er cpamaThCH aa CBOIO RoMMy-Hyt. «Bce
3aBRCIIT OT Bac,- IIO,I.J;ll'epRHBa.1 fpOMhe, o6pan:i;aHCh R "l.1eHaM HoMMyHLit � He
noryfüne ee. Ona n onacnocrn! >> 102
l{ :n1::>Hn;y rrepnoii no:ioBH'HhI anpe;ur II'3 Bepca:ur .BepnyJiac1> ,n;eJieraIOfa Jl11rH
pecnyoJI11Ranc1wro coroa,a npaB Ilapnma. Ürqer o ee rreperoBopax c TwpoM t
�
v
orryo:.cUKOBaH1ffbIH B napHffiCRiiX ra3-e--rax, C�IOr y6e)\HTb nap»maB, KaR HJIJII030pHhl 61>um: na.n;em,J;hl Ha TO, 'ITO T1,1eip noiip;eT Ha C-OfJiamenHe C peBOJIIO�HOH
HhlM Ilap11meM. C roqKn apenm1 fipoMhe, paaoqaponan:ae napKmaH MOrJio c1raTh
CHJihHhIM opy.mHeM IlapIImcRoiî KoMMYHbI B npe,nBM6opHO.:Ü: arnTa�HR. ÜH na
croii11nso coBeToBaJI RoM11yHe nocraBI:ITh rrepep; napnmaaaMII Ha µ;ono:i:tHHTeJih
HbIX Bbl6opax c..11e;1;y10n:i;ne BOIIpOChI: <<Ü.n;o6pHeTe JIII Bhl T.O, qro RoMMyHa ycne
Jia CAeJiar1,? XorHTe JIH BhI coxpannrh CBo6o;:i;y MyIDin;11rraJIHTeToB? RaKoe npa
BHTeJihCTBo BM npe,-::i;nO'IIJTaeTe? <De.n;eipaTHBHYIO JIii pecrryOJIHRY BJI.H npaBH
T8:IhCTBO noMeIIJ;HKOB Bo r.ïaBe c Tnepo1-1 n B
- epcaJII>-CRHM oo6paHHeM? Xon1re
JUI Bhl IIOCJie YTBepm;:i;eHIIH MYHHIJ;HIIa:IhHhIX npaB ropo.I{OB D KOMMYH <l>paH
D;III:I IlepeI:Is6paTh 'IJieHOB Ilaprrmc.Roii RoM1IyHhl? ..>> 103•
IlHChMa fpo:Mhe - orqeT.1HBOe nol];TBepm;::i;enHe roro, lfTO Kmtt:MyHa o61>e):QI
HHJia BORpyr ceoH ,ne TOJihRO pa6olfHH K::racc, HO m:HpORHe Tpy.n;arqBOCH MaccLI
MeJIKoii 6ypmyaann, e,qnTaBmeii B nepBoii IIOJIOBHHe aIJjpeJIH no6e,ny na;:i; Bep
caJihn;aMn BII0..,1He B03:M:OiKHOH.
101
102
103
372
G. Gr o mie r. Lettres d'un bon rouge à la Commune de Paris, Paris, 1871.
Ibid., p. 42-45.
Ibid., p. 72-73.
BM6oph1 cocTOHJIHCb 16 anp-e;rn. RoYHCCIUJ no Bhloo
]lonoa:Bll'l'eBbe111e B1116op111 paM K-OHCTan1poRa.·rn, lJ.TO orpoMHoe ll.H-CJIO 1rn6npaTe1,!> anpemr
Jie:ü: .K ypHaM He HBJIJIOCb. IloaToMy RoMHœHH rrpe��_
• ,uvçyacAeHBe
JIOiKHJia C"IHTaTb BhIÔpaHHhIMH T8Kme Tex, KTO ae
BX BTOroo
JIOJiyqllJI BOCbllOH qacnc fOJIOCOB H36:u:paTeJie:Ü: ,n;aa
HOro OKpy'ra. Ho 3TO npe,n;JiomeH:u:e He-OiRH)J,aHHO B-CTpeTHJIO ClIJibHhle B03pame
HHJI H Bhl3BaJio ome-cToqeHHhl'0 rrpeIDIH Ha 3ace;:i;aHHH H.OMMYBhl 19 arrpeJIH.
IlpeHHJI oTK:PhIJI ApHy, KoTophl:Ü Bcerµ;a, Kor,n;a IIIJia petJ.b o 1paapeIIIeHRH cepI:.
eaHhIX BOIIpOCOB, IIO�XO,JJ;HJI K HoHM ,n;ontaT:U:lJ.eCKH, ;ri;·o1np:u:HepcKH, He IIOHH:MaH
HH oco6hlx ycJIOBHH, HH nacyUWhIX HHTepecoB peBOJIIOIJ;Jfl,[. C ero TOlJ.KH apeHHH,
npe;ri;JiomeH:u:e :u:36:u:paTeJibBOH KOMHCCHH «6hIJIO .KOBapHeMillHM y;ri;apoM>) no
np:u:nu;:u:rry :U:36HpaTeJibHOro npana. «Ha lJ.0M OOHOBaHa Bailla BJiaCTb - Ha TOlf,
1ITO Mhl H36paHLI npe,n;cTaBHTeJIHMH>>,- YTBepm;ri;aJI ApHy, 3a6blBaH, 1I'TO TO.TibKO
peBiO.JIIOI.J;HH 18 Map-ra c;::i;eJiaJia Bo3M•O.lliHbIMH Bbr6oph1 26 �rnpTa. <<IlpnauaTb H36pa1rebnu1 Tex, RTO He .IIOJI�'HJI BOCh)fOH 1Iacnr rOJI'OCOB, 3HalJ.HJIO 6bI Yl\10HI,
rn.HTb' n;eHHOCTh namero oo6cTBeHHoro )IaH;:J;aTa>>, HaHOCTH ce:pbe"3'HhIM YAélJP no
iwpa.;lhHOMY aBropnTery Ro)tMyHhl, TBepp;HJI oH 104. Ho ne;::{b H 26 Ma.pTa n-oce)'Ib
qJif;HOB RoMMYHbl T'ÜîIŒ He Il'OJiyq'lfJIH BOCh":\iOH 11acnr f,0:IOCOB HaceJieHIIH n36H
pareJibHhIX OKpyroB, rp;e OHH 6aJIJIOnrpoBaJUICb. 0;:i;HaKo Maia;ri;aTHaH KoMHCCIUI
29 Map-m YTB1C'p)];HJI.a 33RûHHOCTb rex Bbl6opoB. ApHy 6hl:I .IIOiJ:;J;•epmaH M
' HOfH,MH.
'
'L'leHaMH HoMMyH1>1.
Ho, Ka.R rrpaBIIJihHO yKaa1>rna;rn Bap:1e1-1, Pemep H g;pyrae, RüMMyHa He H3�aBaJia 'H3'6I1paT·eJI1>Horo aa1wna, a pyKoBo,n;C'TBoBaJiach 3aK0Ho)1 1849 r. <<Mhl
He HM00M H36HpaTe.Jil:ilHOfO 3aKOHa, Mbl He rrpHHHMaJIH ero. MbI rrpH3bIB8eM
BCex K rr,o,;::i;a11e rO,.i"'IOCOB, Te:M xyme ;ri;.J:SI Tex, KTO He IIOJlh3Y0'T'CH HM.
C'tJHTaIO .
Tpe6oBaHll'e o BOCbMO:ë: 11acn1 c:MemHhIM>>,- ,;::i;o:na3hrna:r Pe.lliep. <<H OTBepraIO
coo6pameHHJI, BLICKa3aHHhle rpam,n;aHIIHOM ApHy. HeB03MOlliHO ,n;orrycrHTh
11p1IHHTHe saKOHa, Koroporo Mhl ne �IOilŒM I1iPH3HaTb>),- TaROBO 6hl.JIO MH0Hlf9
Bapneaa 105•
«Rorp;a nop;aqa ro;ioca cBooo,u.rHa, Boa;:i;epmaHHe or ro:iocoBaHHH HBJIHeTcH
�ea�pTHJ)CTBOM» 106 ,- cKaaaJI IlacKaJih fpycce. <<E.n:nncrBeHHhnr cnpaBe;:i;mt
BLIM B cepLe3HhlM peIIIBHlrnM 6bIJiû IIOJIOrRHTLCH Ha My,n;poCTh napo;::i;a, KOTOpblll
l'O.i'IOCOBaJI, KaK XOTeJI, H nplI3HaTb q.,"JeJ-IaMH Bcex, KTO IlOJIYlJH.-;J a6
, COJIIOTH09
6oJibWHHCTBO rro,n;aHHhIX fOJIO.COB>> 107•
-E-cJHI KO BCe·M apryMeHraM, BbI)J;BHHYTblM rrpûTU'B ApHy, rrpu6aBHT.b en,e,
'11 '0 IIO)];JlHHHhIX ceep;0HIIÜ O KOJIHqecrBe HaceJieHHH B Irnm,;::i;o:.\,i OKpyre y RoM
MYHLI He 6blJIO, lJ.'TO K ROHIJ;y rrepBoii IIOJIOBHHbI arrpemI 6ypmya3HH CTaJia IIOKII
p;aTh IlapHiK, TO MOiKHO :a;e.i'IHKOM COfJiaCHTbCH C 'T0MH II3 q.JieHOB RoMMyHM,
RTO TaK yMBO li Tait IlO-AeJIOBOMY pa86HJI .n;orMhI ApHy li ero e,n;HHOMhlillJleHHH
ROB. Bo:ü:Ha C BepcaJibIJ;aMH 6bIJia B IIOJIHOM pa3raipe. ilHrepechl peBOJIIOIJ;IUI
rpe6oBaJIH yrnep.mp;e-HIHH 'BCex 1J186paH1Ih'U.X a6cO.IIOTHbIM 6oJihIIIlI1H,c'rBOM roJIOCOB.
B pe3yJibTaTe IIOHMeHHOro rOJIOCOB8HMJI rrpe;:t;.-;iomeHIIe ROMHCCIDI 6bIJIO rrpH
HHTO 6oJih illHHCTBOM B 25 fOJIOCOB rrpoTIIB 13 rrpu 38 fO."'IOCOBaBIIIHX 108•
BepcaJihIJ;bl BOCIIOJlh30BaJIHCh pe3yJih Ta TaMH Bh160,poB 16 arrpeJIH, 'tJT06bI
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'ITO �OJiïKHlU-Ut He CMOT'YT a:KRypaTHO KaîR,IJ;hie TPII Mecau;a rrorarnaTb CBOII
,n;onrII 120• IlpoeiRT Tpn:p;oaa B,c'TpeTIIJI nop;,n;epmRy y MHornx 11neHOB Ro::.wMyHn1,
OTBeprHyBIIIIIX MhlCJih i0 BMema TeJihCTBe ,BJiacrei - cy,n;e.6HhlX npncTaBOB H IIX
<<no,n;py1IHhIX>> - BO B3aHMOOTHOIII0HlIH Mem,n; y ,IJ;OJIIBHHRaMH lI Rpe,n;HTopaMn.
BoJihIIUIHC'TBO, O)l;HaKO, BhlCKa3aJIOCb aa npoeRT lliyp,n;a, BCTpe·rnBIIIHH o,n;o6pe
HH1e B ,n;eJioBhlX iqpy.rax Ilape:ma. B peayJILTaTe ero o6cymp;eHHH cpoK rrepBoro
B3HOCa •6bJJI HaaaaqeH Ha 15 llIOJIH 1871 r., yrrJiaTa ,Il;OJirüB, paap;eJieHHbIX Ha
12 Ryn10p, 6LJJia pacnpe.r(eJieHa na TPH rop;a noRBapraJI1>Ho 121•
B xo;,;e rrpen-HÜ 6hlJIH BLI;rJ;BUHyn,I HOBhie npoeKThI. Jleo <t>paHKeJih, SMeCTe
c IlapuaeJieM, PemepoM II Anp11 C4IITaBmIIiî, 'ITO ,;::i;o OROH'IaHHH BOHHbI HeJŒ3H
Tpe6onaTb ynJiaThl AOJirOB, npep;JIOIBHJI, "t!TOfü,I nepBhIH B3HOC no HeKceJUL\I 6bl.:ï
c,n;e:iaH ne -15 HIOJUI 1871 r., RaK HaCTaIIBaJI lliyp;(, a 15 MIOJI}I 1872 r. <<Hym
HO,- rOBOPHJI OH,- npe,n;ocTaBIITb -OTCPO"'IRY npem.n;e Bcero Me.JIKHM ToproB
o;aM, "ITOObI npe)J;OTBpaTHTb 6aHRpOTCTBa>>.
· KoMMyHa MYJ:U>O pa3pem1urn «Borrpoc, 6hIBIIIHÏI Bcerµ;a .rrpn4IIHOH pa3;i;opa
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cpe,n;uero KJiacca y11acTBOBaJia B 1848 r. B IIOl);aBJI0Hlill HIOHbCirnro BOCC'TaHHH
pa6o11:nx, u ceifqac me aa reM }Tqpe,:::i;nTeJihH-oe co6paHue 6oc�epeMOHHo oT,n;aJio
ee B >K0pl'By ee .Kp0)1.1ITOpaM. Hn OHa rrpHMKHyJia Terrepb K pa6oqHM He T' O' JibKO
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nopyi-raa nocnnTaHne ee µ;eTei <<frères ignorantins» ... Bn1,n;epmIIr JI'll npn3Ha
Te.JLHO-CTh :non :MaCChl cpe,n;Hero KJiacca TenepeIIIHlie T'HIB8Jlhie Ii'CIIbI'TaHIIH 122
élTIO mrna:rner 6y.n;yruee>>
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118 TaM me, CTp. 171.
119 TaM me, cTp. 165.
120 TaM me, crp. 163.
121 TaM me, crp. 203.
122 R. Ma p R C. fpam,n,aHCKaR BOiiHa BO <DpanU,lllI.
Co11., T. 17, crp. 348.
K. Ma pK C
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377
Hapo,n; npaKTIPIOC-KHH H KoMMeplfeCKIIii, nocJie BOiiHLI Mem,rcy GeBepoM II IOroM
ol'cpolfilfJUI yn;rnTy ,n;oJiroB Ha IIH'Th JieT. PacIJjpe,n;eJIHB ynJiaTY ,n;oJirOB no qac
THM, KoMMyHa ooJierqIIJia 'lIX y:mrnzy; TH.iRKH·e nocJreµ;CTRHH 1871 r. OLIJIH OTo
Jl:BIIHYThl; HX MO.iRHO 6LIJIO pacrrpe.I(eJIIITb Ha TpH roµ;a, 11 BTO BCex ycrroKOHJJO.
PemeHIIe Meuee 1pa�IIKaJI1>Hoe, lleM B BamHarroae, Ho He Meaee npaKTHqHoe.
RoMM•epcaHTLI OLIJIH y,n;oBJieTBopeHM. Ha Bcex yr;rax MOmHo 6hlJIO cJI1,1maT1,
pa8roBophl o TOM, tJ:TO Ko;\nryaa c,n;eJiaJia MHoro, c,n;eJiaJia TO, lfTO oMJIO
HY.iRHO )) 123.
,D;ame npamp;e6HfüI KoMMyHe rrpecca BcrpernJia ee noooe nOCTaHOBJieHne
C o,n;o6peHII-8M. IlapH.iR em;e pa3 IIOJiyqirn: B03MOiRHOCTI, cpaBIDITI, OTHOmen.o:e
BPIpraJILCI\OPO IIJPaBnTe�IbCTBa II hOMMYHhI li illllp<)KH1M eJIOHM HaceJieHHH.
16 arrpeJIH ABpII3Jlb H HeKOTOphle ero TOBapHIIJ;H BH8C
�eKpeT o nepe�aqe
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rrpe�rrpHHTHii
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acco�ua�uii
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n;IIan;nii. ,D;eKpeT 6hlJI IIpRHHT 083 BCHliRX rrpeHHH H rrpOH3BeJI oqen1, Cl:IJILH08
n11e11aTJieHne He TOJihRO Ha pa6011IIx. <<BpaBo, KoMMyaa,- aarrncaJI B �TOT µ;eu1,
Peiwro,- BOT ,n;eKpeT, liOToporo MbI in)];aJIII! TnoH aacJiyra, llTO Thl ero cq>0p
My.aHponana. Ra1we aTo ctiaCTI>e ;:J;JIH pa601IHx! » 124•
BOT Te'.KCT 8TOI'O 3Ha:\IeHIIT'Orü .u.eR!PeTa:
<<IlapmncKaH h'.o:\rnyHa, rrpumnraH BO BHIIMaHire, 1ITO MHOrlle MaCTepcKHe 6poméHbI
HX PYKOBO,!(JITe:rn�m, y�.lOHIIRillIDfIICH 0T ncrro.·rnemrn C-BOHX rpam;::i;aHCKHX o6JI3aBfü)CTeii
'Herrome:rnBIIBnrn: cq-wrarbCJI C UHTepeca�H[ Tpy;:un:q.e:XCH, 'ITO BC.TI0}J;CTBIIe 3TOI'O 110.:v10ro ,n:e3epTH'pCTBa 0CTaB0B.H:racb pa6oTa MHOmX cy�ecTOOHHLI.X ,II;.TIH ,RK3HH l'OpüAa rrpe.n;11pHHTHli lI IIpli1IHHeH ym;epo rro:ro:+:emno Tpy,;:vun;HSCH, IIOCTalIODJHieT:
pa6o1111e CllH:J:J;IUia.lbHI,re na.1an1 C03hIBaIOTCH ,u;;u1 yqpe�emIH KOMHCCHH IIO ooc.ie
.,.iOB.aH.HIO, lI'Mero�eü n;e:n,IO:
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1•py�a;
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3TlIX M.acTepORHX, BO yrne. He cJI;ur:\HI ,::i;eaepTHpOB, RO'OOphle HX 6pocmrn, a ROOIIep,aTKB
BOli aCC-Oira·a:a;HH pa001IlIX, R0TOphle ObI:llI aamIThl B mIX;
3) paapa6oHlTh npoeRT ycrana ::>rnx paooqHx •Kooneiparunu1,1x o6m;ecm;
4) y,qpe�TI:, 'I'p8T0liCIŒH cy�, KOiopblii rrpH B03Bpam;eHHH ynOOUIIIYThIX X03H8D AO:.I
;mm 6y;::i;eT onpe,u;e.:IHTb yc.lOBlŒ OROH1I.aTe,--rhHOÜ rrepe�a1IH MaCTepc1rn:x paOO'IHM o6m;ecT-
B.aM JI paa'}{ep B03M0�0HHR, KOTOpo,e, arrr oom;ecTBa OOH3a'III,I '6y,rzy-r yŒLTia'l'l!Tb XOOHeBeJM.
::ha KO:\IH'CC'füf HO o5c.1e,'.lOBë'lHH10 ,.lO.lmfül &yp;er ilpel�Ttl.B-BTI, jœc.1:e.:n; KOMxytHaJThHOH HOMHCCHH TPYJJ:a 11 o6MeHa, KOropoii 6y,::i;er rrop�eHO n KpaT'IRHillHH cpoK rrpe;i;cm
!BliTb KoMYyHe rrpoeRT �eKpeTa, orne11a10m;ero lIHTepecaM KOMMyHhl H TPY�HXCJI.
H.apIDK. 16 arrpe;œ 1871 r.)> 125•
J1
Ocyin;ecTBJI-eHHe 3ap;aq, IlOCTaBJI8HHblX :3THM ,r:(eRpeTOM, 'l'. e. rrepep;a11a 6po1110HHhIX rrpe,r:(IIpHHTHH pa001IIIM KOOIIe.panrnaM, O'îRJia,IJ;LIBaJIOCb µ;o pemeBIIH
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rJiaCHO ,n;·eRpeTy, npemp;e Bcero ny.iRHO 6bI.J.IO n;pOH3B0CTH CTaTHCTl[q8CRHH yqeT
arHx ,rrpep;rrpmrn1ii. 3a6oTJIHBOe Ol'HOmeH.He KoMMYHhl K MHTepeca:M: rrpeµ;rrpH
HIIMaTeJieii rrpOHBIIJIOCI, TaKme B TO�I, l!TO p;eRpeT o6H3HBaJI pa6011ne Roone
paTHBhl B ;::i;aJibHeiimeM BhIIIJiaTHTb B03MeID;eH.O:e BJia,r:(eJILD;aM npeµ;rrpHHTHH.
TaRHM oopaaoM, n p;eae nop;xo,n;a K pemeHHIO r;:rannoro co�HaJI1>Horo nonpoca,
123
124
125
:378
E. Re c 1 u s. Op. cit., p. 156.
Ibid., p. 144.
<<Journal officiel», 17 avril 1871 r.; «Ilponn-.o:i:1,1»,
T.
I,
cTp.
190-191.
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nepBbIM HaC"IOHIItHM maroM ·K con;naJihHOH peBOJIIOqHH>> ,- BCilOMHHaJI Bll0iC.lf0}J;CTBBll Jie«N)aHca 126•
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pa6o-qHx, KOTOpa.a: ,JJ;OJimHa rrpenpaTRTb Hac H3 HaeMHbIX pa6oTHHROB B 1IJI8HOB
rrpoB3BO;:I;llT0JlbHOro 'TOB3.iPIIII\eCTBa>> 127•
126
G. Le fr an ça i s. Etude sur le mouvement communaliste ... , p. 272.
I, CTp. H}9.
127 d ipoTOKOJILI>>, T.
379
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Murailles, t. II, Paris, 1874, p. 320.
tilpOTOKOJihl», T. I, crp. 406.
TaM me, crp. 408.
TaM me.
TaM me, crp. 406-·408.
l33 TaM me, CTp. 408.
la-4 TaM me.
135 TaM am, CTp. 4.10.
380
RtP[BLJ()lJE FRAX(AISE
LIBEIHE - EG.\l ITL - !·HU Fl�\l1f.
ffllNISTERE DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS
A prés avoir consulté it";s bou1ange1 s. p.itrons t'l uuvriers,
Le dd,:i{ ué au J,5parto-:ment du Tfov(J.Î[ o:t ,iè 11::t:hai.�e
ARRÊTE:
A1HICLr. 1.;�1Qt'E. Le tra•.,ail •lans les boulan{j"eries ne pourra
C'Ommencer avant 5 heures du matin.
P;jris. le 2i awd llf71.
le Dr/P//ti,t'. 1nr.1mt/·';� ,lt- l,.1,, t_',,ln,, rnu,, ·,
Ltü F H. A N h L L.
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381
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147 TaM me, cTp. 363.
148 TaM me, CTp. 365.
149 TaM me, cTp. 366-367.
150 TaM me, CTp. 362.
151 TaM me, CTp. 416.
:384
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38 MJIH. 152; Ba rpam,n;aireK»e eym� ymJIO Bœro 3,5 :MJIH. TaRHM oopaaoM,
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Hllfl - «Crédit mobilier», <<Crédit Lyonnais>>, «Crédit Foncier», qacTHLie 6aH
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:JtfYHe, iCT})aHe, Kpep;HTy <Dpauu;:e::u: 'Il BOOM:y }1;0JlüBOMy MHpy>> 153• BeJia 6bIJI yBe
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nye, TaK KaK KoMMyHa Hie II03BOJIHJia 6hl HaM BhlHTH, a y Hac He 6bIJIO Hll
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nepe)'.,( napJ.IaMeBTC'l«)H c.,11e}J;CTBeHHOH KOMRCCHeii no p;eJiy O BOC-CTaH.RlI 18 Map
Ta 154 • ÜCTaB:e:B Ba11K B IlapIDRe, BepcaJn.�hl H am:{aonepI>I BanKa BcK-ope MorJIH
y6e�LCH B TOM, -qro HoMMyaa npeKpacHo coxpaHHJia Bce ero 6orareTBa. Mom
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pom,I{"3HHoro aapo,AHoii ipeBOJIIO�:e:eii:, •He OH npoAIIKTo·BaJI p;e IlJieKy ycnoB1u1
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Tex Y,CJIOBHHX, .KOTOphle JI eMy aaipaHee IIOCTaBHJI, a HMeHHO - C, npaBOM KOHT
poJIH Ha)]; MOHM.H 0TH'ÜID8HJIHMH C uepcaJihCKHM npaBHTeJihCTBOM H C KoMMy
lloii, n HH11ero 6onee 155••• H ycTponJI Be�m B 1rn6IIHeTe, cocewre:M c MOHM,
q'l'o6hl lIM0Th ero, HRCKOJII.KO aro B03MOIBHO, ORO,JI,0 ce6H. Ha 1nrHaH C 9Toro ;r,;HH,
L, Fiaux. Histoire de '.la guerre civile de 1871. Paris, 1· 879, p. 327-328.
Ch. B e s 1 a y. La vérité sur la Commune. Paris, 1892, p. 109.
154 Enquête parlementaire sur· l'insurrection du 18 mars 1871, t. II. Versail l es, 1872,
p. 490.
1ss Ibid., t. II, p. 491.
152
153
25
llapumc1<aR HOMt,ryea, T. I
38S
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ynJiaTLI iR'aJIOBaJIMI H3:QHOH3JihHhIM rBap,u;eiin;aM, ll,JIH 6oJILHIIll,, ]VIH BCHKIIX
ll,pyrnx TeRyru;11x pacxo,u;o.B. TaK, !HanpHMep, BMecTo Tpe6yeirnro MHJIJillOHa
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npoBe,r:i;eHIUI con;aaJibHbIX pecpopM 156•
lJJieHbI ffoMHCCHH qm:HaHCOB lliyp,A II BapJieH BOIDJIH B BCTo,pBIO l}>paH�y3...
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B03Bpam;a.s:Cb ·H3 3)];3HHJI MHHHCTepcTBa cpH.Ha•HCOB, OTnpaBJUIJIHC:b nemKOM ,.
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25-cy» 157_
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ifiHqero TaKoro, B 118M OHII yc:uaTpHB3JIH aaxBaT CO cropoHLI BJiaCTH, C"IB:Ta.a
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JHl 6LI aa,n;yMaThCH caMhIX nerro,n;aTJilIBLIX>) 158•
7. IlPOr PAMMA IIAPIUKCKO:e KOMMYHI,I
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BOllpûCbI 600 OTB8Ta.
IlpaB.I(a, B npoeRTe o6pam;eHHH K naceneHmo IlapHma, œia11.e:caHH0M
29 MapTa npyll,OHHCTOM JiecppaHca (npH yqacTHH JK. Banneea B PanRa), HaMe11eHLI HeROTOpbie KOHTYPbI IIOJU:ITIIqecKoro 3,I(aHHH 6y.n;�e:ë: cppaH�Y3Cl(OH
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sa11.BJieHB11 Ko.nœym.i
156
157
158
386
Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars 1871., t. II, p. 49-2.
M. F Ou 10 Il. Op. cit., p. 216.
JI. J.{ ro 6 p e i JI b. Y1rna. coq,, cTp. 144.
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cpe;n;epan;HH K0MKYB <I>pa�,. 159.
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Bep,caJibD;aM 3a6Jiiaropaccy;1;HTCH )];aTh»,- rrHcaJia 6ypmya8Ho-pa;1;nRaJibBfüI ra3eTa <<La Vèrité». «To.1JhRO JIIBHBI.rn II3Mhrrn.;1eHHH H KJieBeTa BepcaJI1>CRHX
raaeT JJ;OCTHraIOT Ae:MIIapTaMeHTOB H rocno-p;cTBYIOT TaM>> 163•
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lliH3HI:.>> 164•
159
160
161
162
163
164
<,HporoKo.11,rn, T. I, cTp. 45.
TaM a-rn.
TaM me, cTp. 145-46.
G. Le fra nçai s. Etude sur l e mouvemen t communaliste..., p. 199.
<<La Vérité>>, 19 avril 1871.
«L'Actiom>, 9 avril 1871.
25*
387
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116 «Journal officiel>>,
390
20 avril !871.
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ÔJrnCT.Hiqe Bhl,Pa3HJia «ROMMyHaJIHCTH'I0'CRHe rrpHHIJ)Illhl» 180•
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111 «Jo urnal officiel» 20 avril 1871; «TipoTOKOJihl», T.
11s E. Re c 1 us. Op. cit., p. 165-166.
119 B. M a 1 o n. Op. cit., p. 170.
J.80 A. A p H y. Y:iœ.3. WlJ., CTp. 127.
I, cTp. 2'19-221.
391
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peBOJIIOIJ,HI:1 18 M8ff)1'a 1871 r.?
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181
182
183
392
dlpOTOKOJILU), T. I, CTp. 109.
F. M a i Il a rd. Op. cit., p. H2.
Ibidem.
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BeTcKoii: BJiacrm>. Co""I., T. 27, CTp. 181.
185 K. M a p K C. rpamAaHCKaSI BOË:Ha BO <l>pau�mI, R. M a p K C H <l>. 3 H r e JI I, C.
Coll., T. 17, cTp. 346.
1" F. Ma il lard. Op . cit p. 125.
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-CO"'I., T. 17, CTp. 343-344.
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189 TaM me.
19o TaM me, cTp. 325.
191 H. JlyKHH {A:aTOBOB). IlapHmCKBJI RoMMyJiia i871 r. M., f9.S2, eTp. 209.
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194 G. La r onze. Histoire de la Commune de 1871. Paris, 1928. p. 187.
!95 'lµpoTOROJIIJ�, T. 1, CTp. 35.
196 dourn:al officiel», 31 mars 1871.
t97 «Le Rappel», 11 avril 1871.
396.
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213
214
215
216
26
G. La r on z e. Op. cit., p. 35-36.
Ibid., p. 39.
Ibid., p. 35'4.
Ibid, p. 352.
Ilap:omcitall Ro:MMyHa, T, I
401
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'ITOObI npHK33hI BhlIIO::CHfUillCb 3HeprHll.HO )} 222.
Richardet. Quatre jours de prison sous la Commune. Paris, 1871.
218 <ŒlpoTORO.lbI», T. I, CTp. 211. 3aJIB.Jemle Pe:iro o6 OreTBBKe OM:.
209-210.
219 TaM me, cTp. 21 L
22 0 TaM me, CTp. 212.
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222 TaM me, cTp. 22-4.
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22a TaM me, cTp. 356.
224 TaM ïlŒ, CTp. 329.
225 TaM me, CTp. 336.
226 roc. ny6JI. 6-Ka l'IM. M. E. Cà.JITLIROBa-m;e.n;p1rna. m. X. PH JI .
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ce6.H, iJIOCKOJlhKY oipraHH3yeM KOHT\POJlb ... >) 232•
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TaM me, cTp. 251.
241-242,
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2 9
5 Lissa ga ra y. Histoire de la Commune de 1871. Paris , 19219, p. 189.
260 «Journal officiel», 17 avril 1871.
261 E. Re c 1 us. Op. cit., p. 77-78.
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RpoMe ·m1y60B, p•eBoJIIO.IJ;ROHBl>IH Ilap.0'.}R 1871 r. coa;ri;aJI ro>Ynie Mac.coBhle
opraHH3a�n:: ROMHTeThl 6AIIT0JlhHOCTH, COBeThl JierHO.HOB HailHOH8JII,,H,OH rBap-
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M-Hl'' epHa.n;nonaJIa.
I(n:T. no: Apxirn R MapKca n cD. 8nrem,ca, T. III (VIII), CTp. 173.
«Le Mot d'Ordre>>, 20 avril 1871.
264 «Daily News» 19 avril 1871. Qnr. no: Apxn:B R. MapKca H Cl>. 3mem,ca.
T. III (VIII), crp. 217.
265 0 ,n;e.HreJU,HOCTB peBOJIIOIJ,IIOHHLIX R:1y60B Ilapn:ma B ,ltHH KoMKyHLI CH. rJI. XII.
262
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OT :o;epKBH n rromJin c RoMMyao:ü. BecHo:ii 1871 r. meHII:i;HHhl Ilapnma BhlCTY
na.TtM B rrepBbIX PMaX 6op�OB 1n,a HOBbIH rrop.a.IJ;OK, IIJPOB03B0CTHH'.KOM RO'I'Oporo
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MH. <<BeJioe 3HaMH IIJ)OTlIB RpacHorio! Crap1,1:ii MHiP IFJ)OTHB noooro !» 268•
PeBo.1110:o;HoHH1>1ii Ilap,Hm B,n;oxaoBJIHJICH JIMeHaMH JlyII3hl MnmeJih, meHhl
'VIeHa KoMMYHR renepaJia 8J:i;a, pyccKo:ii peBo.ruor:i;11onepRH EJin3aBeT1>1 )];MHT
pneBofr (Ty.MaHOBCKoii) . BoJihIDHHCTBO 8
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n:r;nH 6eccJie,I]iHO .ncqe3JIO! CROJibKO IJOJI;BHrOB rrpomJio He3aMe11eHHhIMH!
H'.\IH JlyII3bI MnmeJih xopomo 3Ha•eT LH'e T0.1_bKO q>panu;yacKaH J:I:eMORpaTHH.
H 3TOMY nMeHu c 60JI1>m'IIM yBameHHeM OTHOCHTCH Bech MHp. Y11IIreJI1>HHn;a
Ha1IaJihHOH illROJibJ, opraHII'3aTop <<06I:o;ecTBa 3aID;lITbl npaB ïR0'HllJ;llH>>, OHa
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11 yxoAa sa paaeJlliDIB
266 8. JI 11 ccara p 3. llcropm1 n.a:pumcKoii KoMMYHhI 1871 r. CII6, 1'906, cTp. 231.
267 <<J ournal officiel» 11 avril 1871.
268 <<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 4 avril 1871; üL w.Kme: C. Ra H. il,eam;1rnn1 IlapumcKoii
'
KoMMYHLI. M., 1933.
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CHT JIHillh O TOM, 'tJT06hl ero IIO:IHOMOqllH 6nIJIH TO'IHO orrpeAeJieHbI» 271•
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269
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272
414
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6MTb 00.Tlbme upep;M0TO:M o6cym;i;eRHÎÎ, TaR RaK <l>paa�JI XO'leT TO.TILl<O rpec
rry6JIH.KH. BJiaro,n;apH ,n;eH'fen1,11ocr11 KoMMYHLI H,n;eH pecnyoJIHKH raR r.rryooKo
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290 A:e_xHB R. MapRca 11 <I>. 9nre11Lca, T. III (VIII), �Tp. 221, 223.
291 Aq>ume. roc. rry6n:. 6-Iœ H:M. M. E. CamLmooo-m;e�ma. III. �- Px.,
292
420
cL9 Cri du Peuple», 24 avril 1871.
JI •
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Ta oô�ecTBennoro cnacemrn em,e 6 anpe::rn ( «Le Père Duchêne,, 1.7 germinal an 79, p. 4).
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CTaBKy. Mx 8aJIBJI8HHH 6hlJIH TYT me 3a4J1T8Hhl, HO HIIRaROro pemeHHH
no 9TOMY BOIIIPOCY ne 6I,1no npnBHTO.
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o6m_ecTBeRBOCTB IlapBa(a officiel», B KOTOpOM OHll 6FJ:JIH ony6JIHKOBaHLI. TeKCT
ua coa�aHBe KoHBreTa ,n;eRp,era o e-0a.n;aH11H RoMRTeTa o6m;eeTneHHoro cna06m.ecT:aemoro
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cnaceHBR
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CT. 2. On 6y;:{,er cocroJITb 113 IIHTH 1ui:eH0B, naopaHHhlX RoMMynoii no11M:eH
EihlM rOJIOCOBaJIHeM.
12 TaM me, cTp. 28.
1a TaM me, CTp. 30-31.
426
CT. 3. CaMhle mnpo1rn:·e IIOJIHOMO'IIUI Hap; BCeMll p;eJiera:I�llHMII li KOMllCCllJI•
Mll rrpe,n;ocTaBJIHIOTCH 9TOMY R-oMHTeTy, ROTOpbIH 6y,n;eT OTBeTCTBeH-HhlM TOJII,
KO nep'e;(. KoMMyHo:ii>> 14.
- B TOM me HOMepe «Joumal officiel» 6MJI ony6JIHROBaH crrncoK 1IJieHoB Ro
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llHq>OpMaD,'HOHHOH CJiym6hl B OTqeTe OT 2 Ma.fi, i«HT8JIJI <<HapO,D;HhlX RBaJ)TaJIOB»
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Ha BeJnrqaiimaH BHeprnH B Be,D;eIIHH B08HHhlX orrepau;nib>, 1ITO <<'HH O]];HH rpam
.,n;aHIIH He CMOm:8T YKJIOHHTbCH OT yqacTlfH B aau;noHaJihHOH OOODOHe»'
l{TO «BCe, OOeBble opy,D;HH, K' OTOll)Lie BaJI HIOTCH B]];aJIH OT 'M0CTa 6oph6I,J, 6y
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6HTB0 17�·
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RoMMyHa!». Ha TOM me co6pan1rn: 6hl.Jlo pemeHo o6paTHTbCH K KoMMyHe c
rrpoc1,60:ë: orry6JI:a·KOBaTb B «Journal officiel» pe3yJihTaThl IIOHM0HHOl'O roJIOCO
:éaHHJI, COCTOHBrnerocH na ee 3ace;i;aHHH 30 aIJJpe.11.H no :s,onpocy 06 opraanaa
I(H'II RoMBTeTa o6m;ecTBeHHoro crracenruI 18•
3Ta peaoJirou;IDI &.:ma orJiarnena Ha 3ace,n;a'H:nn RoMMYHhI 3 Ma.fi op;HHM ua
ee qJieHOB, oou;naJIH-C-TOM Be3H.Hhe, ROTOphl:ii yqacTBOBaJI B ,co6paHRH, rrponc
xo,n;uBmeM B KoMMyHaJILHOM RJiy6e. EcJIII yqecTh, 1ITO Ha aTOM co6paHHH,
r,n;e np»CYTCTBOBaJio OKOJIO 5 ThlC. qeJIOBeR, pe30JIIOD;H.H '6hIJia rrpIIHHTa e.n;nHo
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Hapo,u:HHX KJIYOOB 1871 r.)' TO CJie,n;ye'T CKa3a Th, tITO o.n;o6p.HT0JJhH00 <YT:Home
H'Hé peBOJirou;noHHoË: o6�ec'TBeHHt0cT.n IIapHma R aTO�Iy ,n;eRpe'TY RoMMyHfil
He Bhl3LmaeT HHKaRHX COMHeHHH.
llpeAJiomeHue KoMMynaJihHoro 1wy6a rrpe,n;aTh rJJaCHOCTH peayJI1,TaTLI
IIOHM0H'HOro I'OJIOCOBaHHH no uorrpocy O C03.D;3HHII HoMHT0Ta o6m;ecTBeHHOro
crraOOH'HH 6hl.ll0 'llpllHHTO KoMMyHoii 'Ha aace,n;aHIIH 2 Maa, XOTH H8ROTOphle
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IIpH1I'HHH'Tb 6oJILIIIO:Ü upe,n; KoMMYH•e. 4 Ma.fi 1pe8yJihT8'Thl IIOllM-0HHOro roJIOCO
BaHHH 6MJIH orry6JIHKOBaHhl 19.
IIaaG:•e OTHecJI.HCL 1JJieHLI RoM:vryHhI R rrpe,rvrnmeHHIO Toro me RJiyoa o rrpo
Be;:i;e'HHH )];OUOJIHHT8JILHhlX BhlOOpOB .D;JIH 3aMem;eRHH BaIŒHTHhIX M8CT. Ron:i;a
IIpep;cep;aTeJihûTBOBaBIDHH Ha 3ace,n;aHHH RoMMYHhl 3 �1:aH PacTyJih aaµ;aJI uo
II1poc, <<MOIBeT JIH Co6paHHe HeMe,U,JI0H'HO IllPHCTYllHTh R oôcym,n;eHHIO 3TOTO co
o6rn;eHHH>>, pa8,n;aJIHCh roJioca: <<HeT! ». Torp;a Be8IrHhe 8aHBIIJI: <<H Œie npe,n;Jia
ra10 He�re,n;JieHHOro ,o6cymp;eHBH; H TOJibKO rrporny YIIOMHHYTh B rrpOTOROJie 06
:)TOM coo6rn;eHHn, IroTopoe 6y,JWT IIOOTaBJieHO Ha OtI•ejpe,rt;h n pacc:MoTpeHo
14
15
16
17
11
19
TaM me, cTp. 31-32.
«Journal officiel», 2 mai 1871.
C. A. D a u b a n. Le fond de la société sous la Commune. Paris, 1873, p. ·204.
Ibid., p. 199.
,Bulletin communal. Organe des clubs>>, 6 mai 1871.
«Journal officiel», 4 mai 187'1.
427
noame. R He xoqy HapymaTn Barn nopa:,n;oK AHH» 20• 3TBlcl 11.eJio H orpaHH
'lHJIOCh.
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CTaM ra3eTa <<Père Duchêne>> yKaa1,rnaJia B HOMepe oT 3 ·itaH, 1ITO ona IJ1ll)e,n;Jia
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ra3eTa rrpe.n;oc-TeperaJia qJieHoB I-foMMYHhI or cJienoro rro,n;pamaHHH RoMRTeTy
o6m;ecTBeHH-Of>O cnaceHHH 1793 r. II ,n;o6aBJIHJia, lJTO lCIO,ll;H, B36pa.HBLie 1 MaJl
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Tenep1, «Bce ,n;o�"I..arno noiiT:e: uo-,n;pyroMy», 11ro nopa npHHHTh Mephl ,n;IDI y,rryq
meH.HH «IIOJIOmeHIJH na·TpHOTOB, KOTOphle aam;Hm;aIOT ropo,n;». «rpammliHe lJJie
Hbl HoMMYHhl,- nHca,rra ,n;aJiee raaera,- m:e.Tenn IlapHma AeJIHTCH na JJ;Ba
KJiacca: Ha rex, KO'lO' phle cpamaIOTCH, :e: Tex, KOTOpLie ne opamaIOTCH, na Tex,
KTO 3all(Hm;aeT fO!POlJ:, li Tex, NTO IIJIIOeT Ha Hero, Ha Tex, HTO C Ba'.MH, B Tex.
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BO BpeMH BOHHLI c IlpyecHe:ü, raR n BO BpeMH BOH'HLI c BepcaJieiu, :e: rrycT1,.
aro H
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KBapTHlpHO:Ü IIJiaThI. «JIHmb -re, KTO Tpy.,n;KTCH, Te, KTO Haxo�H B 6oro, HMeIOT
npaBo ·Ha 6Jial'OIIOJiyqne». KoH01IHO, ROMMyHapLI H 6e3 Toro cpamaIOTCH xopo..
mo «-pa]J.H rrp.HHIµIIIa>>, HO 6y,n;eT HeIL.iï- OXO, eCJJH OHH y3HaIOT, 11'1'0 IlOCJie no6e,n;LI
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poe ,n;o CHX uop B.J'IalJHJllI rrponeTapRH. qTO KacaeTCH Tex, RTO YKJIOHHeTCH or
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Hll. rpa�aHaMH, HH na6npaTeJIHMlI, HH oo6cTB0-B'HHKaMH 21•
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CBlI]J.0TeJibC'TBY0'T O TOM, qTo aror opraH peBOJIIOD;HOHHOH npoc.chl, B3,ll;aBaBmH:ë:
CH T,HpamoM B 70 'ThIC. 9K38::Mil.llHpOB, BepHO on;e.HHBaJI KJiaccoBOe paccJioeHHe
HaceJI0HHH IIap.HiKa li xopomo IIOHHMaJI, IŒKHe COD;H8JibHhle CJIOH HBJIHJIHCb
rnaB-H<O:Ü: orropo:ü npaB:e:Te;i1>cTBa RoMMYHhl.
XapaKTepna noa:e:n;11H, Roropy10 8a.JIHJia B aroM BODJpOCe raae-ra «La Révo
lution politique et sociale», HBJIHBmaHcH e.n;H:HCTBeHH11Ul ne11aTBhlM opraHoM
11HTepHan;l:fOHfü1a B Ilap11me B nepRo,n; RoMMyHhI (H8,I1;aBaJiae1, oo'Le.n;HneHHoü
ceKn;He.:ü meneaHo,n;opomHMx c,TaHn;HiI lIBp.a 'H BepcH) . raaeTa BLIXOMJia ron1,
Ro pa3 B H'8)1;€JIIO H IIOTOMY ,oT.KJIHRHyJiac1, ,Ha ,n;eRpeT RoMMy.Hld 0T 1 M:aH JIHillb
B 'HQ
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pHmcIIBx ceRn;n:ü, AHpH fy.rr;rn, rroA aar:rnB.HeM «RoMHTeT o6m;ecTBeHHoro
crrac8'HHH». B OTJIHqae or MHornx ;:i;pyrnx ·qJieHOB linTepHan;uonaJia, KOTOphle
DiO]J. BJilIHHJl'eM npy;:,;oHRCTCIŒX B033peHH:Ü BbIC-TynanH JI B RoMMyne, li BHe
ee npoTHB ooa,n;a,HHH TaRoro opraHa, Ha.I{eJieHHoro cHJihH-Oii BnacTnIO, fyJIJie
IIplmeTCTBOBa.rr opraHH8aIJ;HIO noMJITeTa o6m;ecTB0HHOfO cnaOOBHH R HaIIolflI
HaJI o, TOM, C KaROH 3Heprne:ü: .H C n:aRHM ycuexoM ,n;eHCTBOBaJI O.I{HOHM:eHHbI:Ü
opra:H, 003,IJ;aRHhlÜ B 1793 r. nOHBeHTOM. «IIapniKCKaH HoMMyHa,- llllCaJI ,n;a
nee fyJIJie,- npa6er:i:a R aToü Mepe, npo,::t;m:noBaHnoü o6cToHTeJibCTBaM:Ht.
HaahIBaH 'H,M0Ha -qJieHOB nüMHTe"fa o6rn;ecTBeHHOfO cnaceH.HH, H36paHHLIX B ero
C'OCTaB 1 Ma.a:, aBTOp CTaTbll aaHBJIHJl: <<Bce OHH H3&eCTHh1 pa6o111IM H, HecOM20 «IlpoT0Ro.11LI», T. II, crp. 71.
21 «Le Père Duchêne>>, 14 floréal an 79 (3 mai 1871), p. 2-4.
428
HeHBO, BHymaIOT caM,Oe IlOJIHOO .n;oaepae HameMy KJiaccy... IIocKOJibKY aTH
rpaacµ;aae 003JI-araIOT Ha ce6.a THilŒJIYIO ·OTB0TCTB8HHOCTb, MbI 6y.n;eM HX nop;
µ;epiRHBaTL c 6e3DpaH1111H9ii rrpep;aHHOCTbIO. 3To - )];üJir pafioqero KJiacca. IIpo
mJio BpeMJI 3aHHMaTbCH q>HJI'OCOq>CK
' HMJI ,JJ;HCKYCCHHMH B HamHX CeKn;Hax. Hap;o
22
cnacaTb liapHIB>> •
Opraa npaaoro KphIJia npy;1;0Hne-roa, BnipamaBIITHx M'HeHHe MHJIKo6ypmyaa
HLIX u noJiy·rrpoJieTapcKHx r.pynn HaceJieHHH, raaeTa <<La Commune>> (B HOM•epe
OT 3 Ma.a) Ol'IŒ3bIBaJiaCb BR.n;eTb B ,n;eKpe'Te O C,03,ll;aHHH ROMHTeTa o6m;eCTBeH
HOro cnaceuna 1JTO-JI116o H11oe, KPOM·e nap.o,n;HH Ha 1793 ro,n;, 11 yTaepm,n;aJia,
23 • B JJipyroii cTaT1>e, ony6"l"OO iaTa Mepa RoMMyHhl Mome-r JIHmL noap.eAHTh eir
.JIH:WOBaJI.HOH 7 MaH !3a IlO;J;IlHCbIO H3a.ocTHoro ny6:nn:t;H-CTa npy;J;OB'HC'TCKOl'O Ha
rrpaBJieRHH iHopaca ,IJ;10mena, raooTa aJio a1,1cMeHaaJia Mno, 1rnK HHHn;HaTopa
'3TODO ,n;eKpeTa; OHa Ha3bIBaJia ero ILpe;::vrnm:eHHe Bhlp;yMKOH CTap11Ka, He IlOHH
MaIOII(ero HOBOH o6e-raHOBKH, H3,l1;0BaJ:IaCb II Ha.ri; MOJIO,D;bIMH 1IJieHaMR RoMMy
�LI, llOro:(epmaBmHMH Muo, cpaBHHBaH HX CO illKOJibHHl{aMH, Hrparom;HMH na
nepeMeae B BpyTa, HaToHa, ,lJ;.eMoc<peHa 24• 3TH HacMemREI, KOTOphIMH ,ll;romeH
.:paœqin,LI.BaJI, BlI;J;HMO, ,D;HCKpe,n;HTH.poaaTb nocra·HOBJieHHe KoMMYHhl, He IIO
.naµ;anu B I\eJI1,: Be,n;1, npHHH'THe Ae-:Kp,e·Ta 161,mo p;eJIOM, rrpo,n;yMaHBbIM JI ;n;aBHO
BhlHannrnaBmHMCH, a üTHIO)J;b He TOJihKO peayJII>l'aTOM 1I:pe'3MepHoro Y,BJJeq,e
.Hll11 Tp�HHMH penoJiron;n:a 1rnun;a XVIII B.
Ho 6ypmyaaHLie opraHhI netJ:aTu BH)];eJIH B HeM JIHmI. cJierroe no)J;pamanHe
npomJioMy. TaK pac.cym)J;aJia, HaIIpllMep, ra3eTa <<Le Rappel», 1rn,n;aBaamanc.a
rpynrroiî ,pa,r:,;HKaJLoa, norryTtilIRoB RoMMYHLI ll3 cpe,n;HHx 'CJIOeB 6ypmyaa11H n
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R•epII, B CTaTLoe «Ilo.n;pamaH:ae» aaHBJIHJI, 1:J:'l'O peBO.ITIOIJ;'HOHepbI ,I:(OJliKHbl He HMH
THJ)OBaTL rrpomJioe, a coa;o;aBaTb HoBOe, qro c HM€meM HoMHTeTa o6n:i;ocTBe'H
Horo ,cnaceHHH CB113aHhl BOOIIOMHHaJIHH O MaOCOBhlX ïlŒCTOK0CTHX, OOBeipmeH
HLIX Bo BpeMH ,peBOJIIOD;HH KOIIIJ;a XVIII B., qTo c-03,n;aHHe TaKoro opraHa naeT
HOBYIO nmn.y l{JIH KJieBeTHHqecRHX BbIIIaAOB BepcaJII.D;€B nporHB HoMMyHhl.
«MLI .xopomo 3HaeM, 1rro HO'Bhlii KoMHTeT o6�ecr-B,eHHoro crrace-HHH He 6y;n:.eT
"TaKHM, KaK npemHnii,- ,n;o6aaJIHJI BaKepn. Ho Tor,r::i;a aaqeM me rreipeHn
MaTb ero Ha3BaHue? •.» 25 TaK 3aKaH111rnaJiaCh ôTa CTaTbH, B ROTOpoiî HBHO tryB
<-OTBOBaJIOCb onaeeHH'0, ll:TO RoMMyHa BCTYIIHT Ha IlyTh p,emuTeJibHbIX ,n;eiîc·TBllH
Il � YPOBLIX Mep, KOTOpble ocyn:i;ecTBJIHJia B 1793-1794 rr. HK06JIHCKaH J];lIKTa
Typa.
CBOe06paaHy10 uoa111:i;1I10 aaHHJia ra-aeTa <<Le Cri du peuple>>, B ROT�oii co
Tpy;:,:m11IaJ111 KaK npy;o;oHHCTM, TaK ,H oJiaHKHCTbI. B eTaT1>,e, aanelfaTaHHoii
·5 u:an II� aal'OJIOBKOM «ROM-HTeT .o6in;ecTB8HHOro cna-ceHHH>>, ra3eTa He BI,ICKa3aJiac1, lllI aa, HH npOTHB nero. Oua orparr11:1nrnaJiac1, y«aaaHReM aa TO, 1ITO
;r(RCKYCClUI, ipaaBepayBmaHCH IIO aToMy nonpocy, BrrepBhle o6aapymHJia HaJIH
qne B RoM�He «,n;Byx H.Ae:imLix Teqea.Hiî>>, .,n;ayx naprn:ë: - <<napTHH yrurTap
HOH H I\0'HT})aJI'HCTCKoii» (parti unitaire et centralisateur) 11 <<rrapTHII q,.e,n;epa
TUBHoii» (parti fédératif). i:{e:ë:cTBRTeJII>Ho, pa-aMeme.aaHHe qJieHoa KoMMYHbI
Ha )J;Be1 pa3JIH4Hhl0 rpynIIHJ)OBKH - «60JihillH·HCTBO>> H (<,MeHLillRHCTBO>> - npo
HBHJIOCb C IIOJLHOH OTlf0TJillB-OCTLIO HMeHHO B C.BH3H C ,o6cym)J;eHReM Borrpoca oô
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JI•eJihHO ll;J;'TH K II000 .IJ;e>> 26•
22
23
24
25
26
<<La
«La
•La
«Le
«Le
Révolution politique et sociale>>, 8 mai 1871.
Commune>>, 3 mai 1871.
Commune>>, 7 mai 1871.
Rappel», 3 mai 1871.
Cri du Peuple>>, 5 mai 1871.
429
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27
28
29
30
�La Commune», 3 mai 1871.
C. A. D a u b a n. Op. cit., p. 203-204.
Ibid., p. 191.
Général B o u r e l l y. Le Ministère de la guerre sous la Commune. Paris, {s. a.]..
p. 110-111.
2
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32
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31 IIo cJioBaM MaJioBa, PocceJI1, na noM aace.n.amrn oo'I.HCHIIJI cBo:ë: nepexo.n. na cTo
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crporo,- aaHBIIJI PocceJI1,,- .fi cTaJI no.ri; o6HoBJIHIOm;ee anaMH pa60111Ix Ilapuma ... >>
(B. Ma 1 on. La troi•sième défaite du prolétariat français. Neuchâtel. 1871, p. 304).
32 PocceJII, orrpoBepr 8TB CJIYXD IllICJ,MOM B JIOH,ll;OBCKYIO raaeTy <<Times>>, KOTOpoe
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33 «IIpoTOKOJihl», T. II, CTp. 46.
34 dlpOTOKOJihl», T. II, CTp. 46.
431
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35
Mémoires et correspondance de L. Rossel. Paris, 1908, p. 317-318.
36 tflpOTOROJILI», T. II, CTp. 121-123.
37 Tau me, cTp. 130.
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H�ouam.uoë rnapABH
38 TaM me, cTp. 130, 132, 133, 136, 140.
39 TaM me, CTp. 141-1�4.
-co Général Boure 11 y. Op. cit., p. 116.
28 IlapumcHaR KoMMYHa, T. I
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"'1 M. Vu i 11 au me. l\fos cahiers rouges, t. VIII. Deux drames. Paris, 1912,
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tfT06 B08HHOMY }J;eJieraTy 6LIJia rrpep;cTaBJieHa CB06op;a ,n;e:iicTBHH, Il o6BHHJIJia
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p;oBepHe PocceJIIO n Tpe6yH paccTpeIIa Tex, KTO ,n;o6IrnaeTcH orpaa111IeHHH ero
npaB 46 •
PemeHB11,
IZpBBRTJ.re KOMMYHOÜ
DO BOnpocy
«Journal officiel», 6 mai 1871.
«Journal officiel», 5 mai 1871.
« «Le Vengeur>>, 6 mai 1871.
45
«Le Réveil du Peuple>>, 6 mai 1871.
46 <<Le Pêre Duchêne►>, 20 floréal an 79 (9 mai 1871), p. 2-4.
42
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O6cymAeHBe
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47 «La Commune>>, 11 mai 1871 (nrrci,�10 ;:i:arnpoBaHo 9 it:aH).
48 <<La Commune>>, 5 mai 1871.
49 «IlpoTOKOJihl>>, T. II, crp. 98-99.
436
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cnii: 11 .n;eJierau;nii 50•
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o6rn;ecTBeHHoro crraceHHH 51•
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H npep;JIOiRlIJI rrpeKpaTIITb rrpeHHH 52•
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BbICTyrrJieHHe lliypAa Ilna He ,n;an HHRaiwro OTBeTa.
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50 TaM .me, cTp. 107.
Tau me, cTp. 107-108.
52 Tau me, cTp. 109-111.
53 <<Le Vengeur», 2 mai 1871.
51
437
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HYJICJI B peJJ;ainHpyeMoii HM raaeTe «Le Siècle>> na npHMnpeHtiecKoe aa.aBJie
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«Le Siècle», 4 mai 1871.
«Le Père Duchêne>>, 16 floréal an 79 (5 mai 1871), p. 6-7.
56 ,IJ;ecan, .n;neii cnycTH Ta me ra3eTa 06panvrnc1, H RoMHTecy o6�ecTBeBHOro cna
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neü:, H n:pe,narI, ero cy11.y no 06B11Hemno B R3}!eRe.- <<Le Père Duchêne», 26 floréal an 79
(15 mai 1871), p. 5.
64
55
438
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Jinra 59•
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IJ;IIaJIJICTOR (HaTaJIII JleMeJib II Tpex p;pyr:e:x) II OJJ;HOÜ pyccRoiî con,:e:aJIHCTRH,
CBH3aHHo:ü: c MapRCO),I :e: ero ceMheii (EJI:e:saneThl �MHTp:e:eno:ü:).
7 Maa Tnep o6paTHJCR R nace.nernrro Ilapnm:a c rrpH3hlBOM BoccTaTo npo
TIIB KoiIJV[YHbI :e: 06.rrer--crHTb 3aH.ar:e:e ropo;:i;a npaBilT0JlbCTB0HHbIMII BOilCRaM:e:.
PeBoJI101:i;1rnnHfüI o6m,ecTBeHHOCTb Ilapmirn He II03BOJI:e:Jia ce6H aarryraTb :e:
,n;aJia pemnTeJILHyro oTIIOBep;h T1>epy. B .:1:e:cTon:i..e <<ÜTneT OAHOro rrap:e:maH:e:Ha
TOCIIOAIIHY Tbepy>> paao6Jiaqa.rIHCb Il3MblllJI€HIIH, cop;epmaBruJieca B ero 06pa�eHH:H, II fOBüpMJIOCh, 4TO ROMMyHap1:,1 IIOJIHbl pemIIMOCTH 6opOTl>CH AO
.noHn;a. JI:0:CTOBRa ,3aimH4HBaJiaCb c:re,r(yIOIIJ;IDHI C:IOBa)1H: <<TaR BOT, roCIIOAa,
«La Commune>>, 4 mai 1871.
Ibid., 5 mai 1871.
59
<<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 6 mai 1871.
-Go «Journal officieh>, 8 mai 1871.
57
58
439
Mhl Bac .m,r:i;eM, fOTOBhie R ynopHO�fY conpOTlIBJieHHIO B.IIJIOT.b ll,O caMOR CMepTH,
1IT06I,I 3am;n�aTb Hamn npaBa lI CB060AY e:11paHhI, a Bame 6ecqOOTb0 HCTO
pnJI ocy,r:i;HT. ÜHa cRameT: ,.Ilapnm 6:hIJI ôeccTipanœhlM Bo HMH cBOOoJ\bl
n mrn3aJicH uo6e.r.r;rrTeJie11". A o Bac: 1 /ho fü,rJin npe,r:i;aTeJin n IDO.IJ;
Jie�:bI" » 61.
IlpamneJihCTBO Ho:\nryH.bI orBeTn:ro 1rn o6paIQeHHe T1>epa TeM, 1ITO
IlOCTa'H0BHJI0 cphITh ero ,n;o�i B IlapHme n KOH(Ïm:CKOBaTb npHHa,r:i;Jiema�ee
eMy HM�ecTBO. Ta1rne nocTaIIoB:reHne 6hr,10 •IlfpIIHHTO 10 �ra.a KoMHTeTOM
06�ecTBe1-rnoro cnaceHn:n 62•
7 Man B 3aJie A:rn:n.a3ap cocTOHJIOCb co6pan1rn npe,r:i;
Co6paHBe JleJieraTOB
cTaBIITe.1:eü l!0Tblpex l\ŒCC0BhIX o6rn;eCTB0HHhIX opra
OT qeTbipeX MaCCOBhlX
HII3a:o;nü, C03BaHHOe JJ,JIH orrpeAeJieHlUI n:x Il03H!l;HH
AeMo.KpaTll'leCRBX
no OTHOllieHHIO iR ROMMYHe H K IIB()HiKCKHiM p;e.ilyTa
opraHBaau;uii
Ta:
M Han;noHaJihHoro co6paHIDI. Ilp11cyTCTBOBaJio 400
Ilapnma 7 Ma11
lie.:IOBe.K - OT qpra'HH3aD;Hll 3arn;HTHHKOB pecnyo
JIHRlI (Défenseurs
de la République),
Pecny6J111KaHcRoro aJI.bHHca
( Alliance républicaine) , IJ;eHTpaJibHoro peony6JinimHcKoro co10aa n ,[(e
Jieran;HH p;Ba�n;aTH onpyroB ( Délégation des vingt arrondissements).
Ilpe,r:i;ce;a;aTeJieM fü,1.71 1rn6paH Eaiie-)]:roMeHHJih, 6bIBIDIIii: py:noBo�TeJIL aAMH
HIICTpaTnBnoro arrnapaTa �rnpun IX OKpyra; O,r:t;HHM H3 8aMOOTHTeJie:Ü: - 6LIB
mnii "IIJieH R'o:uMyHhI OT IX on1pyra YJI.JIHC IlapaR ( OH BhimeJI II3 ee co
CTaBa 5 anpeJI.H). BhlcryrmBIIIHR Ha STOM co6paHHH 11.JieH HaTepaan;noHaJia
ny6JIH�IICT ApMaH JleBn ocy,r:t;HJI noneJ];eHHe )];enyTaTOB oT Ilap11ma sa To, 1ITO
OHH ocTaroTc.H B BepcaJie c TeMH, RTo 6oM6apAHpyeT Ilap11m, 11 npeAJio�H.11
061>.HBIITb HM IIOCJieJ];Hee npeJ];ynpe.iRJJ,0HHe. ÛJJ,IIH H8 npHeyTCTByID�HX B03pa3HJI, 1ITO H8331I0M IIOChIJiaTh npe�ynpem,n;eHHH H3M0HHHKaM. IlocJrn HeKOT0poro o6cym):J;eHn.n 6h!JIO pemeno BhIBeCTH pe31we nop11n;aane ,r:i;enyTaTaM H
061>11B1.JTh o rrp:Hcoep;n:HeHIIH Bcex tJeThlpex opraunaan;nii K RoMMYHe 63•
3HalieHHe 8TOH pe30JllO�llII BeCbMa BeJIIIRO: OHa CBH'AeTeJlLCTBOBana O TOM,
qTo nepe,n;oBaa 11acT1, «cpe,r:i;HHX c�oeB» napnmcxoro HaceHeHHH B JI»�e Tpex
p;eMoKpaTH1I0CRIIX opraHH3aD;Hll, npe,D;CTaBJJ.HBillHX co6oii 6JIOK 6ypmya3HhlX
pa�IŒJIOB H MeJIKo6yipmya3HhIX p;eirn¼-paTOB, OO'b0JJ,lIHHJiaCL C peB01.IIOD;HOH
HO-IlpOJ10T3.fPCKOH ITTO CBOeMy COCTaBy opraHH3a�HeH (.r:{�nera:qIIei �ap;n;arn
OH[)yrOB) II CIIJIRlIIIBaJiaCb BüRpyr npaBHTe.ITbCTBa RoMMyHbI lI,Jl.H 6 op1,61,1
npornB BepcaJibCROH KOHTppeBo;non;n:n.
PemIITeJihHa.H no3HU,HH, aaHHTan B Bonpoce o <<OOrJiamennn» e BepcaJieM
pa3JIH1IHhlMII rpynnaMn illepep;OBOll o6m;ecTBeHHOCTH Ilapn.ma, sacTaBBJia KO
Jl00JIIO�HOCH H a,eycTOHtJllBhle B:Ie,MeHTl>I H3lieHHTb CBOe IlOBe�ea11e. 8 Ma.fi
<DeJIHKC Ilna BhICTYIIIIJI B CBOe:Ü ra3eTe CO éTaT1>e:ii, B KOTOpoi OTBepraJI npo
eRThl nepeMHpHH, npeJJ,JIOIB8HHbie cor:rnmaTeJibCRHMH rpynrraMH, A0K33LIBaH,
lJT0 0H0 Be npi;rne;n;eT :n. npe.n:pam,eHHIO rpaIB;n;aHCIW:Ü BOHHhl n 6yJJ,eT BLirOll,HO
JllIIDb BepcaJibD;aM. Te HCilOJih3YIOT BpeMeHHYIO npHOCTaHOBKY BOeHH.hIX l1,0H
CTBHH, "IIT06hl yBeJIIPUITb lIIICJieHH0CTh CBOHX BoopymeHHhIX CH.JI 3a C1IeT HMeIO
ID;HXCH BO <I>paHD;HlI peaepBOB, Tor.n;a IŒR Ilap:u:m, OTpeaaHH.LIH OT npOBJIH
u;1111, He CMOïlŒT IlOIIOJIHHTb CBOil qe.::roBeqecKne li Ma Tep11aJII,HI,Ie pecypcbI.
B pe3yJILTaTe, IIOCJie IICTelieHHfI cpo:na nepeMHpHH 6op1,6a B0306HOBHTCH Ha
YCJIOBHHX, 6oJiee 6JiaronpHHTHhIX AJIH BepcaJibCI{OfO npaBHT0JlbCTBa, -qeM ]J,JIH
RoMMyHhI. <<Ilo6ep;a 6yp;eT 3a Hfü\l'll,- 3aHBJIH:I B cBoe:ü: craT»e Il»a.- Ilpo
BHHD;HH yme na cTopoHe Ila pm•Ra. Ey_n;eM IBe conpoTHBJHIT1,cH! Oaa B:blcTyn:u:T
rrpoTHB BepcaJIH - cerop;nn nyTeM roJiocoBaHHH, aanTpa c opy,ruieM. Tepne61 L ev a I t i e r. Réponse à monsieur Thiers par un parisien. {Paris, 1871]. (filB
I!M. CaJITLIROBa-�e,upnHa).
62 <<Journal officiel», 11 mai 1871.
63 «Le Rappel», 8 mai 18ï1.
440
H:0:e! 3ro - HaqaJio RoHn;a>> 64• CTaTbH 3a1mHq1rna:racb rrpe):(oCTe,pemeHHSM B a;:{.
pec l);06pocoBeCTHhlX corJiamaTeJie:ii, ROTOphle He XOTHT IIOHJITh, 1ITO <<nepeMII
pHe - 3TO o6MaH, xyme - JIOBymRa>> 65 •
RaTeropHqecKHii: 3arrpeT, HaJiomeHHhlll TnepoM Ha C03hlB c1:,ea.n;a ;z:t;eJiera
TOB MYHHD;IIIlaJihHhlX COBeTOB npOBHHn;naJibHhlX ropo,n;oB, OTpe3BJIHIOrn;e IIO
,i;e:ÜCTBOBaJ'I Ha ,u;o6pocoBeCTHhlX corJiamaTeJieH, y6e,n;HJI MHOflIX H3 HHX
B Tlq8THOCT11 HX yCHJ'IHH. (ho IIOHHJIH H MeJIRo6ypmya3HbI0 p;eMoRpaThl, no.n;
,I(epaotBaBm:rre RoMMYHY, Ho no.rnia,n;aBmHe HHor,n;a noA BJHIHHHe HeycTo:iiqn
BhlX BJieMeHTOB, CiKJIOHHbIX R neper-oBopa�I O {<COr.J:ameHHH>) C BepcaJie'M.
BMeCTe C TeM CJ'Ie.zzyeT OTMSTIITb, 1ITO, BhlCRa3hlBa.HCb 3a no,n;.n;epamy RoM
MYHhI IIpOTHB BepcaJibCKOH KOHTppeBOJIIOD;HH, npe,n;CTaBHTeJIH 3TOH IIOJIHTH1Ie
CKOH rpynnhl CKJIOHHhl 6hlJIH HfHOpHpOBaTh rrpoJieTapcRyro cyrn;HOCT.b peBOJIIO
D;HH 1871 ro;u;a II ee con;HaJIHCTH1IeCKHe T0H,D;0HIJ,HH. IIoRa3aTeJihHa B 8TOM OT
HOmeHHH CTaToH H3BeCTHOfO pa,n;nRaJibHO-,n;eMOKpaTHqecRoro rry6JIHD;HCTa
Orroc1·a Pomapa, COTpyp;HHKa raaeThl <<Le Vengeur>>, ony6JJHKOBaHHa.H B Heii
9 MaH. AHanuanpyH aaMeTKY, Harre11aTaHHyro B oqnrn;naJihHOH raaeTe BepcaJib
cxoro npaBHTeJibCTBa no rroBo,n;y 3arrpern;eH11H c1:,ea,n;a ,n;eJiera TOB npoBIIHD;H aJibHhlX MyHHD;HIIaJIHTeTOB, Pomap ,)J;OIŒ3bIBaJI, 1ITO Tbep o6MaHhlBaeT JI aany
fHBaeT o6m;ecTBeHHOe MH8HIIe CTpaHhI, Ha3bIBaR HaM01I8HHblH c1:,e3,n; <<C06pa
HlieM C'I'OpOHHHKOB KOMMYHH3Ma 1I MHTema>>. <<PasBe OH,- IIHCaJI Pomap,
He 3HaeT, 1ITO CJIOBO HOMMYHII3M 03Ha1IaeT He IIOJIIITHqecKyIO, a con;naJIHCTIJ1I0CKyIO CHCTeMy, KOTOpaH BO BCe BpeMeHa llMeJia 60Jibmee HJIH MeHnmee 1IH
CJIO rrpHBepmeHn;eB OT IJJiaTOHa ,n;o Ra6a, HO KOTOpaa IIMeeT HX cen-qa,c M0Hb
me, 1I0M B 1848 r., He HMeeT HH O,D;HOfO '3HaMeHilTOro IIpHBepmeuu;a 1I He HMe
eT HHKaiwro OTHOIDeHHH K KOMMyHaJihHO:ÎI n,n;ee,' BOcroipmeCTBOBaBmeii
18 MapTa?>> 66•
Pomap 6hIJI, pa3yMeeTCH, HenpaB, yTBepm,n;aa, 1ITO cpe,i;n ROMMyHapoB
1871 r. 6MJIO MeH1>me CTOpOH'HHKOB KOl\fl\:IYHH•CTil1I0CKIIX II,IJ;8H, 1I8M c;pep;H pe
BOJIIOD;HOHepoB 1848 r. n qTo n;eJihIO fiOMMYHbl 6hIJia TOJihKO ROMMYHaJihHa.H
aBTOHOMHH. Ho CBenéHne aa;u;aq peBOJIIOD;HH 18 MapTa K {ŒOMMyHaJIH3MY>> lI
OTp11n;an11e ee con;HaJIHCTH1IeCRHX sa.n;aq 6bIJIO BeCbMa xapaRTepHO ,D;JIH pe,n;aK
:n;HH BTOro opraHa HeOHR06HHTI;eB, KOT0phl8 ,n;eiiCTBHTeJihHO He 3aMe1IaJII1 npo
JieTapcKOH cym;HOCTH peBOJIIOTI;HH H ee con;n:aJIIICTII1I8CKOÎÎ uanpaBJI0HHOCTH.
5. .t{AJlhHElIIDEE OBOCTPEHIIE BOPbBhl
MEiK)];Y «J,OJihIDIIHCTBOM>> H <iMEHhfilIIHCTBOM>> :KOMMYHhl
Ha aacenaHnu Ro:MMYHhI 6 MaH 1IJI8Hhl «MeHh
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B3•3a KOIIII�
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Ha aaceAamm KoHMYJILI BHJI BOIIpoc, He CJie,n;yeT JIII orpaHH1IHTh IIOJIHOMO
6 Ma11
'1IHH, npe,A:OCTanJieHHhle RoMMyHoii aToMy opraHy
BJiaCTH. Apny 3aRBHJI, 1ITO OH He MOIB8T IlIITaTb IIOJIHO8 p;oBepHe R JIHn;aM, H3
KOTOphix COCTOIIT KOMHTeT. <DeJIHKC Iln:a onpaB)];nIBaJI CBO0 IIOBe,n;en11e CChlJI
KOH Ha YCTaJIOCTh, Ha TO, 1ITO «COBepmeHHO H0BO3MOIBHO rrpO1IIIThlBaTI> BCe
,n;oxyMeHThl, KOTOphle npnxo,n;HTCH IIO,IJ;IIHChlBaTb>) 67•
C 6oJn,moiî pe1IhIO n aarn;HTY RoMnTeTa o6mecTBeHHoro cnaceHnH BhlCTy
IIHJI Pemep. ÜH ,u;oKa3hIBaJI, 1IT0 BBHAY cepne3Horo rroJiomemur 3TOT RüMIITer
Cnopw
64
65
«Le Vengeur>>, 8 mai 1871.
Ibidem.
66 «Le Vengeur>>, 9 mai 1871.
67 «IIpoToKom,rn, T. II, CTp. 162-163.
441
�·OJiiReH IlOJih30BaTbCf.I HeonpannqeRRhlMll npanaMll, Il YTBepJKAaJI, qT-o Ha
rra,n;aTb Ha HoMHTeT o6r:qeCTBeHHOro cuaceHIUI «8HaqHT 6nITI, IlJIOXHM rpam,l(a
HHHOM>). <âho 8HallliIT,- yBepaJI Pemep,- cTaBHTh no� nonpoc BeJmKoe AeJio,
3a ROTOpoe MLI 6ope)ICH, Pecny6nnKy' KOTOPYIO Mbl XOTeJUI cnaCTH, con;HaJih
Hl>Ie peq>opMhl, ROTOpLie Mbl rrpOBO,Al:IM>> 68•
12 qJieHOB RoMMYHLI, npliIHa,n;JiemanmHx li ee <<60JihillHHCTBY>> (IIapHseJII.,
]laM, E:o:iîopa, Yp6eH, <t>ep,pe, Be3HHhe, <Dopnone Anpn, 3. RJie�aH, Jle;q>ya.
IDaMITliI, 8�, ,[(10paH), BHec;m IllPe;:pomenne npeRpan1T1> IItpeHHJI no nonpocy
0 IlOJIHOM01IIUIX hOMIITeTa 06ru;ecTB8HHoro cnaceHHH, nepeiiTII :K oqepe](HOMY
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MeCTO <D. Ilna, ymep;mero B OTCTaBRY). 7KoaHHap BhlCKa8aJICH npOT}lB 3TOfO
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IIOJIHH:JI cBoero ,n;oJira>>.
B KOHn;e ROHIJ;OB 6LI.l:O IIpIIHHTO pemeHne OTJIOaiHTL npeHBH no Bonpocy
o RoMHTeTe o6ru;ecTBeHHoro cnaceHHH 69•
Pa3p;Ophl Mem,n;y «60JibillH1ICTBOlD> II «MeHl>IDlIH
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7 Man:
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na aTo 3ace;ri;anne. IIpoTo:Ko;i rnacnJI: «Cerowia, ce,r,;1,Moro MaH 1871 ro11;a, B qe
Thlpe qaca AHH HIIlli8 IlO,D;IlHCaBmn::ec.a:, ROHCTaTupoBaB, "lJ.TO tIKCJIO npucyT
CTBYIOiqBX HegocTaTOlIHO JJ;JIH TOTO, qT06hl 3ace�aTb, OTnyCTHJllI ceKpeTape:ü JI
CTenorpaipon lI nepeHeCJill IIOB€CTRY ,D;IUI Ha 3aBTpa, noHeJ:{eJI.hRHR, Ha
2 qaca>> 70•
l18 26 lfJieHOB Ko::\D.fYHhl, coopaBillHXCH li :nOOly UOM0HTy R pacyme II
no.u;nncanmnx aTy peao.rrron;:mo, 16 npHHa.n;nemann R «6oJILmnHCTBY», a 10R (<MeHl>illHHCTBy>>. 3p;ech 601.::rn MHOr:Re BllJJ,HLie -qJieHhl «60JibIDHHCTBat (MHo,
IIacRaJih fpycce, BaiiHH, Bnap, Pemep) B «MeHI>illlIHCTBa» (ApHy, ABpHaJib,
B. ManoH, Jlecppanc8), TYT 6:E,mn n n10,n;11, erqe He onpe,n;eJIHBIDHe Tor11;a oKon
'llaTeJILHO CBoe:ü: Il03ll�IIII ( Jieo <DpaHK0Jib).
B TOT me ,n;eHh, RaR coo6m.aroT B cnoeii KHHre « lfcToCoôpaHBe 1J.JieHOB
pllH peBOJIIOD;IUI 18 MapTa>: xopomo OCB0,I(OMJieHHhl8
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B neu H RTO IIMeHHO BhICTyna.1 C pellaMII. Ho M01KHO C ynepeHHOCThlO npe11;rro
.,T{OllilITb, qTO rrpoJieTapcKRe con;11aJUICThl (6J1aHRHCThl, Heo6a6ynHCThl H 6JIH8Rne K HIIM 3.JieMOHTbI) RPIITilROBa.11n M0JIRo6ypmya3HhlX �eMOKpaTOB (ueoHK06JIH�eB) 3a cepbe3Hhie OIJIII6EII ll npo�rnxn, ,n;onyrqeHHhle RoMHTeTOPd o6m;e
-CTB0HHOro crraceHHH B ero ;::i;eare:IbHOCTll 71•
u
68 <<IlporoRo.m,1>}, r. II, cTp. 164.
69
TaM me, cTp. 16-5-166.
70 TaM me, crp. 188.
71 P. Lan j a 11e y et P. Cor r iez. Histoire de la révolution du 18 mars. Paris,
1871, p. 415-416.
�42
Ha cJie,n;yrom;IIÏI ,n;eHh cocTOHJioch oqepe,n;noe aace,n;a
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JlOM..• ÛHO IIpH3HaBaJio, lJTO <<y-cracTHe IJ;eHTpa;II,HOI'O ROMHTeTa Ha1:i;:mmaJILHOÎi'
rnapJlHH B ynpaBJieHHH B00HHhlM MHHHCTepCTBOM, YCTaHOBJieHHOe KoMHT8TOM
o6rr:i;ecTBeHHoro crraceHHH, ecTh Heo6xo;::i;nMa.fl Mepa, rroneaHaH AJIH o6m;ero
;::i;ena>>, HO BMecTe c TeM OTMelJaJIO, "'ITO «Heo6XO]J;HMO T01IHO on;pep;eJIHTL
aaHHOCT.H 1(eHTpaJI1>Horo KOMIITeTa>>. Hcxop;n H3 aToro, RoMHfHa nocTaHoB
JIHJia, qTo <<BoeHHaH KOMHCCHH no corJiacoBaHHIO C B00HHhIM p;eneraTOM orrpe
AeJIHT B3aHMOOTHOmeHHH [(eHTpaJibHOrO ROMHTeTa HaIÇHOHaJibHOH rBapp;HH H
BOeHHOrO MIIHHCTepcTBa>> 84•
B TOT me AeHb lL'l0Hhl BoeHHOH KOMHCCHH npHHHJIH IIOCTaHOBJI0HBe, qTo•
<<ll;eHTpaJibHhliî ROMHT0T He IIMeeT IIJpaBa Ha3Ha11aTL Ha RaRyIO-JIH6o l(OJia<
HOCTb: OH npe;::i;JiaraeT RaH):(ll,D;aTOB BoeHHOH KOMHCCHH, KOTopaa H pemaeT».
B TOM me IIOCTaHOBJieHHH fOBOplIJIOCb, 1ITO «BoeHHOii ROMHCCHH 6y107T eme
JlHeBHO 11pe;::i;cTaBJIHTbCH OTlleThl 06 yrrpaBJI8HHH xamALIM: OTJJ;eJIOM) 85•
Ha 't!TO oHa cornac:e:nach.
TaK RoMMYHa 11n1Ta.:iac1, oTRaaaThCH OT
3a 1I0Thlpe JlHH p;o 3TOf0. H Bce me JlB00BJiacrne B BOOH'HOM Be.AOMCTBe ooxpa
HBJIOCb. XapaKTepHo, 1ITO B To11 me BoMepe «Journal officieb, B KOTOIPO:\I
6LIJ IO 011yoJIHnOBaHO nocTaHOfüieHne BoeHHO:Ü: ROM.HCCHH, orpaHH1IHBaBmec
ap;,,\.IHHHCTpaTIIBffbl0 111PaBa IJ;eHTpaJihHOro ROMllTeTa, 6LIJI HaneqaTaH npn
Ra3 R-oMHTeTa -o6rr:i;ecTBeHHoro crraceHHH o naaHalJeHHH 11nena QeHTpan1,
Horo ROMHTeTa Mo.po <<rpaml);anc1m�1 :no1.1necapoM KoMMyHhl nipH BOeHH011
,n;eJiera re>>.
1Ipo1IHO YI{peIIJIBIDHCb B BOeHIIOM MHHHCT0pcTBe, IJ;eHTpaJILHiillÎ KOMHTeT
IIOBeJI pemrrTeJihHYIO 6op1,6y C sa;::i;yMaIIHOH BOeHHhl:M p;eJieraTOM opr3.HH3a�eïr
rroJIKoB. Be11epo:\1 8 :MaH rpynrra Ha-cra.,11,HHROB JiernoHoB HBHJiac1, R Poccenro
c naMepeHneM aacTaBHTh ero OTRaaaT1,cn or cnoero npoeKTa. BoeHHLtii ;::i;ene
raT BCTpeTHJI IIX RpaiîHe He,n;pyme�uo6Ho. ÛH np:n:aHaJICH, 1ITO B3BOA Ha:[J;HO-
.H
.H
1
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roro,
82 «IlpoTOKO�U.I>>, T. II, CTp.
83 TaM me, CTp. 219-220.
84 TaM me, CTp. 223-224.
85
446
218-219.
«Journal officiel», 9 mai 1871.
HaJibHO.Ü: rBapAHH, Ha ROTOphl.Ü: OHH HaTKHYJIHCb BO ABOpe MHHHCTepCTBa, BhI3BaH AJIJI Toro, qto6hl pacctpeJIHTb HX. HaqaJibHHRH JierHOHOB OTBeqaJIH, qTo
OHH IIpHlllJIH npOCTO noroBOpHTb 06 opraHH3aD;HH HaD;HOHaJibHOH rBap.n;:an. IIo
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KOHTIJIJ.laCb corJiameHHeM. HaqaJII,HlIKH JierHOHOB ofürnaJIHCb co6paTb Ha CJie
JzylOIQOO y11po na IIJIO�a.n;n CorJiaCHH 12½ ThlCH1I rOTOBhIX R rroxo.n;y Hau;HoHaJib
HLIX rBap.n;eüu;eB (25 6aTaJibOHOB no 500 qeJioBeK B Kam.n;oM); B00HHhlH .n;eJie
raT aaHBHJI, "l!TO OH npo:e:3Be)];eT Hl\l C:!tfOTP, a 3aTeM ,D;BHH0T HX B HacTynJieHHe
Ha BepcaJib.
6. CO6LITBH 9-10 MAH.
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B Hoqi, ua 9 MaH q>opT llccn, npeBpaTHBmniicn: B
peayJibTaTe ;a;eCHTil;rJ;HeBHOft HenpephlBHOH 6oM6ap
;a;npOBKH B rpyµ;y pa3BaJIHH, 6hlJI 3BaKynpoBaH q>e
;:i;ep aTaMH. YT pOM CJiep;yro�ero ]];HH, y6eµ;IIBIDHCb, 'qTO q>OpT OCTaBJieH ero 3a
IQHTHHKaMH, BepcaJibD;hl 3aHHJHI ero 86•
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cJie CMOTpa 6aTaJibOHOB HaD;HOHaJibHO:Ü: rBap;a;HII Ha n.rro:rn;a;a;H CorJiaCHH, KOTO
pLiii COCTOHJICH OKOJIO IIOJiy,;a;HH. B HeM npHHHJIH yqaCTIIe 19 6aTaJibOHOB 87•
qHCJieHHOCTb HX B TOqHOCTH He ycTaHOBJieHa: HatI:aJibHHJUI .rrerIIOHOB YTBepm
.n;aJIH, "l!TO HX 6bIJIO 10 ThlCH'q 88, PocceJib rrncaJI, qTo IIX fü,rJio He TO 5, He TO
7 ThlcHq 89• BoeHHhlii p;eJieraT npn6MJI Ha rrJioru;ap;1> BepxoM, 6hlcTpo o6'hexaJI
B)];OJib q>pOHTa H, y6ep;:e:nmHCI, B TOM, qTo rrepeµ; HHM H0T 12 ThlCJiq H qTo co
CTOHHHe co6paBUIHXCJI 6aTaJibOHOB p;aJieKO He y,;a;oBJieTBOp1IT8JlhHO, IlOBepHyJI
o6paTHO B B00HHOe MHHHCTepCTBO.
HeROTOpfile yqaCTH1UOI KoMMyHhl BhlCKa3hlBami npe.u;rroJIOIBeHHe, 'IITO 8TOT
cMoTp 6LIJI opraH:aaoBaH PocceJieM He ]l;JIH HacTyrrJieHnH Ha BepcaJib, a )];JIH
rroxo.r.ta na ipaTymy c u;eJILIO ipaaorHaTb RoMMYHY n .1axBaTHTh B cBoH py1nr
)µIKTaropcKyIO BJiaCTb. faCTOH ,r:J;a-HocTa, 3füUIMRBIIll:IH J];OJD:IaJ:OCTb 3aMecnr
T0JIJI rrpoeypopa RoMMYHhl, paccKa3hlBaeT B CBoeii Kinue o RoMMyHe, qTo eru;e
B KOHD;0 anpeJIJI rpynna 6JiaHKHCTOB rrpn rro,r:i;p;ep,Ime II8IWTOpbIX B08HHI>IX crre
n;11aJIHCTOB (PocceJIH, LJ:oM16poBcKoro, Bpy6Jie-BcRoro), nep;oBO.i'IhHaH p;eHTeJib
H0CTLIO ROM:MyHhl, KOT0pyro 0HII c·1n1TaJin HC,l'.l;OCTaT'Oll:HO pe IIIHT8JibHOll, co
CT8BHJ18 aaroBop c �eJibIO aaMeHHTb HoMMYHY <<TPHYMBnpaToM>>, Ha.n;eneHHhIM
;{llRTaTQPCKoii BJiaCTbIO. B ciocTaB aToro TPHYMBnpaTa npe�noJiaraJIOCb BIKJIIO
quTI» PoccemI (B KaqecTBe BOeHHoro MIIHHctpa), "qJieHa RoMMYHbl III. lliepap
.n;ena (B KaqecTBe MHHHCTpa BHemHHX cHomeHIIn) :a trJieHa RoMMYHhl A. .D:ro
rroaa (B KaqecTBe MHHllCTpa BHyTpeHHIIX p;eJI). ,[(oM6poBCKHH HaMetI:aJICH Ha
IIOCT r.rraBHOKOMaHJ.tYIOrn;ero.
Ilo CJI-OBaM roro me ,r:J;a-RocTa, BeqepoM 1 MaH y Puro cocroHJIOCb coBeru;a
HJ:18, n KOrofP-0:M uplIIHHJilI yqacTirn -qJieHhI KoMMYHbI A. LJ:rorron, III. llieip ap,n;eH,
Pnro H 3.n;, a TaKme J];a-RocTa, PeHb.HJP (reH,epaJibHhlii ceKperapb IIlPeq>eKTypu
IIOJIHD;HH), PocceJib, J];oM6poBcRH:Ü n Bpy6JieBCKnii. Pocceni, nanomnJI rrJian
nepeBopoTa. Pnro npep;JiaraJI no.n;omp;aTb µ;o B03Bparu;eHIIH B Ilapnm EJiaHKII
( «6ea CTapnKa Hnqero He IIOJIJ"qHTCH>>,- rOBOpHJI OH), a IIOKa rrop;roTOBHTb 06rn;ecTBeHHOe MHeHne qepea ra3eTy <<Père Duchêne>>, aapyqHTbCH rrop;p;epmRoÏI
Guerre des communeux de Paris, par un officier supérieur de l'armée de Ver
sailles. Paris, 187:2, p. 176.
87 «L'Estafette>>, 11 mai 1871 (raaeTa IIpllBO]l;HT HOMepa 6aTaJII>0HOB, co6paBIDHXCfl
Ila IlJIOJI{QJ(H C.OrmlCl!H).
88 8 . JI u cc ara p a. lfoTopBJI IIapmKcKoii RoMMyH1,1 1871 r. CII6., 1906, cTp. 299.
89 Mémoires et correspondance de L. Rossel, p. 327, 331-333.
86
447
pa3JIH1IHhIX peBOJIIOll;IIOHHhIX rpyrrrr lI .n;o6HThCH orpaHIIlieHHH pOJUI [(eHTpaJib
Horo KOMHTeTa uau;JioHaJII:,HOM TBapp;HII. Cor.rrama.HCh na yqacTHe B paarOHC
RoMMYHhl, Pnro BhlpamaJI, op;naRo, orracenrrn, KaK 6:E.I rroxo.n; rrpoTHB paTymn
He rrpnneJI R CTOJIRHOBeHlUIM BHYTPH HaD;HOHaJihHOH rnap):(Hll. Mo»ŒT 6bITb.
HM0HHO p;JIH Toro, qTo6hr na6emaTh 3Toro, OH C'IHTaJI, qTO CJie.n;yeT OTJIOiRHTh
BhlCTy IIJI0HHe lI He rrpe.n;rrpn:HHl\IaTh ero 6e3 B.îJaRrur, IlOJih30BaBmeroc.H orpoM
HbIM aBTOpHTeTOM: B peBOJIIOII;IIOHHhlX KpjTax Ilap:nma 90 •
HacKOJihRü p;OCTOBepen paccIŒ3 JJ:a-RocTa, CRa3aTb Tpyp;no, XOTH OH no,n;
TBepmp;aeTC.H HeKOTOphlMH p;pyrHMll yqacTHHRaMH RoMMYflhl. To, 'ITO MHOrHe
6JiaHRHCThl 6hlJIH Hep;OBOJibHhl p;e.ücTBll.HMll KoMMYHhl, C'IHTa.H HX Hep;ocTa
T01IHO pemnTeJihHMMH, lI CTpeMHJIHCh c.n;eJiaTh ee JIOJIHTHKy 6oJiee orrepaTHB
HOH, o6rn;e-If3Becrno. Ho lIIJiaHhI Hacn.:11>crBeHuoro y-cTpaHeHHH RoMMYBhl rry
Te:M 6JrnHRHCTC.KOI'O BOOpymeHHOrO BhICTyrrJieHH.H 1mmyTC.H RaM lllaJIOIIpaB.n;o
IlO,D;06Hhil{H. Bo31MOïRHo, qro pa3roBophl Ha 3TY Te.:.ey neJIHCb, no e.n;Ba JIH OHn
IIJPHHHMa�..u1 Taiwii orrpege:IeHHhlÜ xapaRTtelJ}. HecMoTpH Ha H3Be-CTHYJO CKJIOH
HOCTh peBOJIIOD;UOHepoB-6::raHRHCTOB K 3aronopn:,;1Piec1wü TaRTIII<e, 'l)J)Y.D;BO
:i;orrycTHTb, qTOObI OHil ne IIOHU�ŒJIH 1 IiOJ)8HHoro pa3;1IPmH Mem,n;y npaB-HTeJih
f
CTBOM Hf il;HOHaJibHOÜ o6o:pOHhI, IIpOTIIB ROToporo OHH He paa BOCCTaBaJIH B
rrepno.n; oca,Jl;hI IIapHina He)IeD;RIDIH BOÜCfia:UH, H peBOJIIOrt;HO.RHLDI npaBHT0Jib
CTBOM Km.rMyHbI. Tpyp;Ho IIOBepHTb, TI.T06bI 6JraHKHCTbl MOrJIR paCC-CI.RThlBaTI.,
Ha IIOMel()lliRY 3ap;yMaHHOfO IE\III rrepenopoTa 6aTaJihO'HaMH HaI{HOH3.Jil,BOÏI
rBaJPWIH, T. e. noopyaœHHI>D.III paifoqJI)III 'lI peMecJieHHJfKaM11 Ilapnma, n 'lJ.O
nepnTh IPY'K-ono,n;cTBo aTIDI rrepenopoTOM PocceJIIO - o<frmi;epy cTaipoii ap:MHJI,
ReChMa Ma.îJO CBH3aHHOMy C peBO.iIIOII;llOHHhl)IH Rpyra"Mll. «B001poc 8TOT )l;O CHX
noip ern;e ne .Hcen,- rrnca.J B Haqane XX B. HcTopnn--con;nanncT Jly11 �I06peÜJib.- I1 rpy,n;Ho c.1rniaaT1>, BhlHCHHTCH .TII OH noooiu;,e Kor.n;a-HH6YAI>» 91• He
BilOJIHe .HCeH STOT Borrpoc H Terrepb.
Manecnre o na,n;eHnn cpopTa MccH 6hlJIO noJiyqeHo PocceJieM rrocne ero
B03Bpan:,;eHHH C IIJIOID;a,n;n Cor.:IaCH.H B B08HHOe MIIHHCTepcTBO. TenerpaMMa,
ornpaBJieHHfüI B no.rr,n;eHb Ha6:no.n;aTeJihHhil\l IIYflRTOM Jl.H-MIOeTT, rJiaCHJia:
<<Tpexn;neTHOe 3HaMH pa3BeBaCTCH Ha cpopTe Mccn, 3aH.HTOM JIHHe:Ü:HhlMH
noücKaMn. IlpHÔhlBaeT Macca nofrcR>> 92. Pocce.m, B3.HJI nepo n, cnerKa rrepe
cppaaHponaB Te:KcT :noii TeJicrpal\Hihl, cocTaBnJI cJieJzyroin;ee coo6n:i;eHHe:
<<Tpexn;BeTHoe 3Ha:M.a pa3BeBaercH Ha,n; cpopTOM Mccn, ocTaBJieHHOM nqepa ne
q_epoM ero rapnnaoHoM. BoeHHhlii p;e:rnraT PocceJIL>> 93 • He npeJzyrrpe� RH
RoMMYHY, HH RoMIITeT o6rn;ecrBeHHoro crracenna, ROTOpLie MOrJI11 oLI ,i;ooa
BHTh HeCROJihRO C.;JOB )J;.TI:H IIO.D;HHTHH ,n;yxa Hace;reHJI.H, OH OTIIpaBHJI BeCTOBOro
B THrrorpacplIIO C npnKa30M He�Ie)J;JieHHO OTIIeqaTaTh 3TH 14 CJIOB B KOJIH'IeCTBe
10 TbIC. 8R38MIVI.HpOB ( o6LilfllhIÎÎ TIIpaIB aqrnm RoMMyHhl COCTaBJIHJI 6 TLIC.
3 IŒeMilJI.HpOB) 94• Ilo11rn1IeHIIaH 12 qac. 30 l\lHH., 3Ta acpHma BCKope IlO.HBHJiaCh
Ha CTeHax ,IJ;OMOB 95. HecRO.TILIW II03ifΠ6hlJia paCKJieeHa ,n;pyra.H aq>Hma, IIOMe
qeHHfül 13 qacaMH H co,n;epmaBmaH npim.aa PocceJIH IIOJIROBHHRY Bp10HeJIIO,
ROMaH,D;OBaBme11y <pe,u;epaTa:\III B p;epeBHe Hccn, (<3aHHTh IIO8H�HIO JIHD;e.H, CBJI3aB ee c cpopTol\l BaHB>> 96 •
G. Da Co sta. La Commune Yécue, t. II. Paris, 1905, p. 191, 194-197.
JI. JJ. ro 6 p e ii JI 1,. Ko1.n1yna 18i 1 r. Ilrp., 1920, cTp. 204.
92 <<Le M ot d'Ordre>>, 13 mai 1871.
93 Les Murailles politiques françaises (,n:a.1ee - Murailles), t. II. Paris, 1874, p. 459.
94 <<Le Vengeur>>, 1i mai 1871. Ilo c;ioBaM 1:rnena IJ;enTpam>Horo KOM.BTeTa Hao;n:ona,;n,noii rni0.p�1m B. Jla1wpa, Pocce;I1, ca,11 rrpH3Ha.ï.IcH noro�1, 1I'l'0 «�eiicTBOBaJI co
cJIHIIIR0M 60JII.mo:ë: nocrremnocr1,ro>> ( <<Le Vengeur>>, 16 mai 1871, Dossier Rossel).
95 RoMHTeT o6�ecrBerrnoro cnacerrmi: oT,:raJI pacnopm«eune npuocTaH0BHTL pacmrnii
RY aTIIX aqrn:m («La Justice>>, 12 roai 18ï1), a U:enTpaJI1>HLI:Ü KoM:e:TeT np:e:KaaaJI cphl
nan> yme pacmieennhle aRaeMn:urphl (C. A. Dauba n. Op. cit., p. 256).
96 Général Bou r e II y. Op. cit., p. 140-142.
90
91
448
Bc.neA aa TeM PocceJih o6pIIcoBaJI co3p;aBmeecH Ha cppoHTe rroJiomeHHe ne
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raT COBepmHJI H01IpOCTHTeJihHYIO ITOJIHTlflieCRYIO omH6Ry, TRK KaK pacKphl.i'1
3THIM rreipe)J. BparaMH RoMMYHhI ee cJia6i,rn CTO·pOHhI H o6pHCOBaJI HX K TOMy
me B caMoM :w:paqHO:M BH,l];e. 3THM CBOlitM JIOCTYITKOM, rrpe;r:i;cTaBJIHBIDHM coooii
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0 CBOeM JilPlHOM aBTop:aTeTe.
fl
97 Ch. P r o 1 è
s. Le colonel Rossel. Paris, 1898, p. 90.
98 ÜHo 6hlJIO orry6mrnosaHo B 6om,mHHCTBe ra3eT, HO «Journal officiel» KoMMYHLI
BOa�epmaJICH oT ero orry6mrnosaHHH.
99 Mémoires et correspondance de L. Rossel, p. 331-333.
29
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100 dlpoTOKOJIIJ.», T. Il, crp. 228-230.
101 8. JI n cc ara p a. YKaa. co11., crp. 302.
102 B. Ma 1 on. Op. cit., p. 305-314.
10a P. Lan j a I 1 e y et P. C -0 r riez. Op. dt., p. 431-435
104 8 . JI H CC ara p 3. Yiia3. C011., CTp. 302-303 .
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COMMUNE DE PAR·IS
Oan:; sa seanci:> du 9 rnai l 8ï i
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De rédanwr la d�;mis�ion de.., n1cmhre, ,H:1uel� du (�o,niti
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ment-�
2· Oe nomnwr un dél,:gul; rivil à !;, (�uerrr, qui �p1•a a,.-.i.;;te
ttc la C'>mmission milit:.iire aduelh·., hu,iu<> lh· sf' mettra immt;dia
lemen1 en p(>rmam�nct> �
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hléc délibérante, sauf les rruninn'.'- oui
auront lieu dan<:> h•-. cas
•
d·urgence sur la proposition d<- cÎ11<1 m•·rnhn•s
Comih� d1! Salut p nblic;
01.!
sur cellf• tlu
t," De se metlrt• en p(•rm..uw1H.'t' dans lt·"- mairit•s de se� arron
di�scmt>nl� respt>difs pour pourvoir smn·•·rainentf'nl au'\ besoin"'
Je la situation;
6· Dt• créer une cour martial,• rlmH IPs mf'mbres �wronl nom
mé� immédiatement p ar la Commi��ioo militair{';
7' D"îr.stiluer la perman�nee du f..":omité dt• Salut publi•· a
rHôccl de Ville.
Pans, le 9 mat UfH.
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nocoBaBHe no aToMy Bonpocy p;aJio cJie;a;yrom;ne pesyJII>TaT1>1: 19 - aa, 9 IllPOTIIB. B. JlaKcrp OTMeTHJI, llTO PocceJib crroco6Hhiii: BoeHaqaJihHHK, H no
BHA]IMOMY, xopomnii pecny6JIHKaHen;; OH IIO)J;llepRHYJI, "t!TO PocceJI:h <<O)];HH:
opraHR80BaJI TO HeMHOroe, qTo MOJRHO ClIJITaTb opraHH30BaHHhlM>). 0;:i;yaHo yT
Bepm.u;aJI, lfTO «PocceJib HHlfero He opraHM30BaJI>> M "tJTO <<3a IlOCJiel];HMe meCTh
p;Heii: noJiomeHne BHOBb o6ocTpHJIOCh>>. Mopo Boapaa:rrJI, "tJTO <<RJII03epe H peaR
ll;HH MemaJIH PocceJIIO AeiicTBOBaTh>>; OH ;a;o6aBHJI, qTo ,JJ;MRTaTypa PocceJIH 6y
;:i;eT HOC�Tb BpeMeHHblH xapaRTep H ocym,ecTBJIHTbCH «no� ROHTpOJieM RoMll
TeTa o6mecTBeHHoro cnaceHMH>>. BLIJI HasBaH H ,n;pyro:ü: RaHp;H,n;aT Ha aTy
_poJih - .lloM6pOBCKHii. Bonpoc 61>1JI IIOCT8BJI8H Ha fOJIOCOBaHHe. ÜHO ,n;aJio CJie
a;yron:i;ne peayJihTaTbl: 3a BpyqeHHe ;ll,MKTaTopCROÎÎ BJI8CTH .L(oM6poBCKOMY ro'JioCüBaJio l);Ba 'llJieHa, 3a ll,HKTaTypy PoccemI - 22 (npH Tpex rrpOT'IŒ II OA'HOM
B03;a;epmaBmeMcH) 110•
Pemenne 1rn6paTo Poccen.H Ha nocT BOeHHoro AIIKTaTopa noRaaaJio, KRK
HeyCTOH1IMBhl 6LIJIH B3fJI.HJlhl llJI0HOB IJ;eHTpaJihHOro ROMHTeTa H8D;IIOHaJII,HOH
<<Le Vengeur>>, 10 mai 1871.
Murailles, t. II, p. 463.
109 Ibid., p. 455.
11° C. A. D au ban. Op. cit., p. 254-258 (npoToKOJI aace;ri;amu1 IJ;eHTpam,Horo Ko-
MHTeTa Han;BoHaJlbHOÜ rnap;ri;1rn: 9 MaH).
107
108
4.53;
rBap,u;HH OTHOCHT8JlbHO Mep 6opb6hl sa YKP0IIJI0HHe o6opoaocrroco6aocTH
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furnaJICH (n ;a;o6HJICH) orpaHIPieHHH BJiaCTH B00HHOfO µ;eJieraTa. Bo3MO»(HO,
'ITO H3M0H0HH0 II03IUJ;HH IJ;eHTpaJibHOro KOMHTeTa B 8TOM Bonpoce o6'LHCHH
JIOCI, meJiaaneM nocTyIIHTb aanepeiwp Rm.ncyHe, 6y,icy,m cBoeo6pa8HhlM npo
HBJieaneM correpHn:qecTBa Memµ;y o6onMH opraaaMH.
Pocce.111, OTKa3aJICH npIIHHTh rrpe,n;nomeHHLI.Ü: eMy ,I(HKTaTOpCKHH IIOCT.
Ilo8Aff0 BeqepoM, BepHyBIDHCh B MHBHCTepCTBO, OH aacTaJI B CBOeM Ka6nHeTe
qJieHoB BoeHHo:Ü IWMIICCHH. ,[(eJieKJII08 H8JIO>KWI �eJI1> HX npnxoAa. ÜAHaKo
BM0CTO Toro, qTofüd H0M0,JJ;JI0HHO BhlIIOJIHHTb rrpHKa3 RoMMYH:bI, ]l;eJieKJII08
BCTYIIIIJI B paaroBop C 6hlBillHM B00HHhlM p;eJieraTOM. .l(oBOALI PocceJIH, BII
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JIHJIHCh, ynpoCHB PocceJIH IICIIOJIHHTI, o6H3aHHOCTH p;eneraTa /1,0 CJl9/J,YIO�ero
yTpa; OH corJiaCHJICH Ha BTO npH YCJIOBHH, lJ:TO /J,B00 H3 ee lJ:JI0HOB OCTaHYTCH
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JIH B paTYIIIY, TaM OHII yaHaJIIH, qro ·aace,u;a.BJ1e ROMMYJILI 11epeHeceao c
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11 1
11 2
,454
Ch. Pro lès. Op. cit., p. 102.
«IIpoToKoJILI>>, T. II, CTp. 239-240.
JlEWppaHœ, npH3h1BaBIIIII:Ü CB01IX ep;IIHOMhlmJie-HHHIWB fOJIOOOBaTb aa Bap11eua, Jipucoep;JrHHJ:fCH K MHeHHIO BaJIJieca. B ipeayJILTaTe roJiocoBamui
J];eJieK.J.1!03 6hlJI H3QI)aH Ha IlOCT rpamp;aHCKoro p;eJieraTa rrpn: BOOHHOM MJIB'lI
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npep;JIO.iR0BHH roJioCoBaJio 33 lJJI0Ha RoMMYHhl ( H3 43)' IIpOTIIB - 2, B03p;ep
maJIOCL - 8 114.
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RoMMYHY BhICJiymaTn ero. Co6panHe rrocTanoBHJio 1186paTI:, cJiep;CTBeHnyro Ko
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11a TaM me, CTp. 241-242.
TaM me, ctp. 243-245.
TaM me, cTp. 247-2'50.
114
115
455
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B3 paTylllH
II, crp. 249.
117 TaM me, cTp. 251.
118 3. J I Il CC ara p a. Y1rna. COtJ .. CTp. 305.
119 C h. Pro lès. Op. cit., p. 103-104.
120 M émoires et correspondan ce de L. Rossel, p. 328.
121 «IIpoTOKOJILr>>, T, II, cTp. 252.
116 <<flpOTOKO.:Jhl>), T.
456
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122
123
124
«Le Vengeur>>, 12 mai 1871.
<<Journal officiel», 12 mai 1871.
C. Me ndès. Les 73 journées de la Commune. Paris, 1871, p. 259.
457
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J1•8HHbIM "Ha poahlCKff Pocce.'IH H llieipap;:i;eHa, Ohl.rra OTKpLITa CTpeJiwa. Ta �me
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cTaeT no1rn )J;ORyMeHTaJI.bHhIX p;aHBhIX.
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JIIO,n;ei H 11ro Pocc-eJI.a iHenerRo 6yp;er aa:M-eRHTb 133• raae-ra «Le Réveil du Peup
le», •ocy»<AaH .r(-e:iicTBIIH 11JieH0B IJ;eHTpaJI:&Horo KoMHTeTa 11 naqaJII>B11RoB Jie125 «L'Etoile», 11 mai 1871; <<L'Anonyme», 11 mai 1871; cLe Spectateun, te mai
1871; <<Le Siècle>>, 12 mai 1'871; <<Le Corsaire>>, 13 mai 1871; «Le Républicain>>, 115 mai
1871.
126 «Journal officiel de la Républiq ue Française» (BepcaJILCKHii:), 11 mai 1871.
127 D. Ha 1 é v y. Le courrier de M. Thiers. Paris, 1921, p. 438.
12s «Le Cri du Peuple>>, 11 mai 1871; «Le Père Duchêne�, 22 floréal an 79 (11 mai
1871), p. 8.
129 C. A. D a u b a n. Op. cit., p. 265.
130 Ibid., p. 276.
131 B. Ma 1 o n. Op. cit., p. 311.
1 32 «L'Etoile», 12 mai 1871.
133 «Le Père Duchêne» 21 floréal an 79 ( 10 mai 1871 ), p
. 4.
,
458
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6eaON>BOp011HO llO;rJ;lllIHHThCH cero�HH! >> 135•
Oooopm,mruo HHoii Ôhl.rra 11oauu;nH ra'3eThI «Le Vengeur>>. B ·cTa-The «Poc
ce.rr1,,, onyOJIHK-OBaiHHOH 11 MaH, <l>eJIHRC Ilna, Kpll'THKYH T0KOT aqm.mH 06
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BaaeHoM, npep;aTeJI1ra1rnH CAaqa KOTop1,1;M Kpe11ocTn Meu; 11 ee rapHH30Ha 6MJ1a
paeKphITa <DeJIHKCOM Ilna B ero raaeTe <<Combat» 27 OKTHotpH 1870 r. 136• 8Ta
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ecTh rrpo,u.o.rrmeun:e «nJiaHa Bal3eHa» 'H •«nJiaHa Tpomro>> 137• 16 Ma.H, nop;Taoo
BhlBa.H cpaKThl A0HTeJihHOCTH PocceJIH, Ilna o6BHHHJI PocceJI.H B n0Jmamau1n1
HarroJieoHy, B .r,;HRTaTopcK:u:x aaMhlcJiax 138. faaeTa aaseJia .r,;a.me oco6M:ë: or.r,;en
no)]; HaaBaHBeM «JJ:001,e Pocce.rrH>>.
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Y1l80TB0 'H H-eKOTopLie µ;pyrHe opraHLI peBOJIIOD;HOHHOH npeccI.I. ILpyAOHHCT
CKaJI ra3eTa «La Justice>> CTaJia B 3TOM BOrrpoce Ha cTopoHy raae·ThI <<Le Ven
geur&. «La Justice» peaKO ocy.mp;aJia noBe,;::i;emie PocceJIH, aaahrna.rra ero aaHB
JieHHe 00 OTCTaBKe <<B03MyrJITeJihHblM H riHY,CIII,IM>> H IIOJI8MI13HpOBaJia 110 BTOMY
Bonpocy e rai8eToii «Le Réveil du Peuple>> 139• faaeTa, ocym.u,a.H Ilna aa
ero peaK1Ie Hana�11 na Pocce.J.UH, Ba:ru;Hru;aJia noc.;:re,u:Hero oT o6n:rraeHniî B 'H3Me
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aa.uetiaTaHHaH B «La Justic,e>>, 'IIOJIHa JiiKIIBhIX Ir31MhimJieHH iî 140•
14 MaH .[(eJieKJII03, Hei)];OBOJihHhlH U03HI.J;II8H, I-WTopyro 3aoH.HJia B aroM )];eJie
raa6Ta «Réveil du Peuple>>, aa11paBHJI B ra3'eTy <DeJirrKca IlIIa OTKphIToe nHch
MO, 'B l}(OTOpoM aaJl'BJIHJI, 1ITO ·OH OCTaeTC.H (< ,C,OBepmeHHO qymp;hIM>> IIOJIHTH1I0CKOH
JIHHHll pep;alOJ;H·H «Réveil du Peuple>> 141• ::ho 11rrc1,M-0 no6y]J;HJIO «La Justice»
3aHBHTh, 1ITO e aToro MOMeHTa oHa rrpeRipam;aeT noJieMHKY c «Réveil du
Peuple» 142•
faaeTa «Père Duchêne» rrpop;oJimaJia ropwrn aam;mn;aTL PocceJIH. IlpH
:3TOM pep;aKIJ;11H HBHO 11epern6a.rra IIaJIKy. 13 MaH OHa o6tpymHJiaiCb C HlPOCTHhl
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o6BnHHBmyro PocceJIH B npeAaTeJihCTBe. faaeTa 3aHBJIHJia, lITO ecJI11 ,rJ;Oirnaa1
1
134
135
136
187
138
139
140
141
142
«Le Réveil du Peuple», 11 mai 1871.
<<Le Père Duchêne», 24 fioreal an 79 (13 mà.i 1871), p. 7.
<<Le Vengeur>>, 11 mai 1871.
Ibid., 13 mai 1871.
<<Le Vengeur», 16 mai 1871.
«La Justice», 13, 15, 16 mai 1871.
<<Le Réveil du Peuple», 12, 14 mai 1871.
<<Le V,emge.ur», '15 m.a.i 118711.
<<La Justice», 16 mai 1871.
459
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npomJio 6e:3HiaKa3MIHO ;::i;mi JieBorrpy,n;OHHCTCRoi raaeThl «La Sociale». B 'l'eqe
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npoBepKH. Bcex "l!JleHOB ll;e -HTpaJihHOro KOMllTeTa H aaHBJIHJia, 11TO cpe�H HHX
HMeeTCH MHOro rro;::i;o3p1ne;rbHhIX 3JieMeHTOB , KOTOphie ;I.OJDRHH 6bITI, HCRJII011eHhl na ero c.ocTaBa 146 .
16 MaH B ra3ere IIOJJBIIJiaCb CTaThH (6e.a IIO)];Il.HC.11), oaarJiaBJieunaH «IlO}:\Jie
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«OOB.HHen11e JIOJRHO>>. B 1rn1IeCTBe rJiaBhl B-Oe'HHoro BeAOMC'l"Ba PocceJIL AOJiiKeB
6h1JI 6hl, aaHBJurna « La Sociale>>, <<B3HTb B CBOB. pyiœ BCIO IIOJIHOTY BJiaCTH» ,.
apeC'TOBa Tb H paüC'TpeJUITb l!JI0HOB RoMHTeTa o6m;ecTBe1IHOTO CIIaCeHJUI B. 'IJle
HOB [(eHTpaJibHOro KOMH'TeTa, IIÔO OHH <<CTOC,HHJIH ero J);BHIB:6HHH, MeIDaJUI BO0R
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H ;u;omRHhI 6yll;yT rrpH3HaThCH B CBOeH JDRH 147•
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oc·TaJiaci, 6eanaKa3aHHOH: t.iepe3 ,r::,.:na ,1,HH <<La Sociale» ne.pecTa.na BhIXO.JJ;HTb 148.
J(ncRyCCHH, KoropaH Beaacb n rrepHO.IJ; Mem;zy ,10 H 16 MruI B napHiKCKO:Ü
peBOJIIO�HOHHOH rrpecce 110 BOnpocy O Jill1fHOCTH 11 p;eHTeJII,HOCTH PocceJIH,
BCRpbIJia cym;•ecTBOB3HHe B o6m;ocrBeHHOM MH0HHH lp0BOJIIO�HOHHOro Ilap11ma
;IJ;BYX upoTHB0II0JI0IBHhIX TOl!eR 3peHIIH OTHOCHT0Jih'HO TOro, lŒR ,lJ;OJIIB:eH 6MTI,.
IIOCTpoeH HOOHHhI:ii anrrapar hOMMYHhl n KaRoe Mec:ro ;ll;OJl>RHO 6b1Tb OTBe,n;eHO
B HeM ,crapbIM BOeHHhIM c11euirnJIIICTaM. HeoHKOOHHD;hI C11HTaJl'H, q-ro BOeBBaH
IlOJIHT.HRa )J;OJDRHa 6a3HP,OBa·ThC-H 'Ha C.,'10,ZJ;YIOIQHX IIpHH�Hnax: Hep;oBepue K npo
<p00C.llûHaJibHbIM B00HHhIM, pa3rpaHHl!eHHe BOeHHOro KOMaH�OBaHHH H a�MHHH143 <-0Le Père Duchêne>>, &l floréal an 79 ( 13 mai 1:871), p. 5.
144
p. 188.
M. Vu i 11 a u me. Mes cahiers rouges au temps de la Commune, Paris, (s. a.),
145 «La Sociale>>, 13 mai 1871.
146 I bid., 15 mai 1871.
147 Ibid., 16 mai 1871.
148 IlocJie,11;1m:.ü: HoMep raaerhl ( .i\'l! 48) Bhlme:r 17 Han:. BLIJia JIK oua aaKp1ua no pac
nopmIŒHHIO 1IIpaBliT€.îhCTBa nmnry'Hhl H:r:B a.aRpLL1ac1, no H'IIIIIQl,aTBBe ca11oi p�611G.:(HH,
npe,II,ynpem,11;eHBOn o rpoaHm;eM apecre, He.eaaecTB0. Bepo.RTRee BTOpoe: no Kpaime:ë: Me
pe HB B O,D;HOM B3 p:ome11;m:e:x ;:i;o nac IlOCTaHOBJieHllÙ KOM)fjTHLI O 3aRpLITHH Tex HJIID
BHLIX raaer «La Sociale>> Be ynoMBHaercH.
460
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peBOJIIOD;HB JI, B qa,C,THOCTH, HKOOHHCROH )J;HKTaTypbI, HeOHK·OOHHD;hl ·1871 r. ro
TOBLI O.LIJLII B Kam.n;oM Ka·,n;poBOM oqnn�epe, IIpH:MKHYBlleM K peBOJIIOI(HH, BH,IJ;0Tb
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no B00'IIBblM .n;eJiaM OCTb IIJIOT.HHa IIpoTH'B lleCTOJII06:trnbIX rrpoRCKOB BOeBII(H
HLI,- ,IIHcaJI B cBoeiî: ra3ere <I>eJIHKc Ilna.- f,eaepaJihl npOTHB cBoeii BOJIB
THHJTCH K .AH�TaTYJ)e, KaK qeperraxH THHYTCH K MOpIO>) 149• <<RTO npeBpaTBJI
rrepByro pec· ny,6Jumy B nMrtepHro? Co.rr.n;ar. Rro coBepmHJI 18 6proMepa? CoJI
,n;aT. KTo .n;aJI paaoHTh uac npH BaTep.noo? CoJIAaT. Hro coBepmnJI 2 ,n;eKa6pH?
ÜôJI.n;a·r. RTo ,I:\"OBeJI Hac ,n;o nopameruur np.H Cep;aHe? CoJI;i;aT. Rro c,)];aJI IIapHm
1 Map·Ta? RTo XOTeJI ero o6eaopyarn.'Th 18-ro? n.To ocam,n;a,er ero ceiî:tJac? COJI
p;a:T, em;e paa OOJI,n;aT n CHOBa COJI,IJ;aT ..• Co Bpe.MeHII 13 BaR.n;eM1>epa Kam,r,;hlÜ:
COJIJJ,aT M0l!"raeT O MapmaJibCKOM mea.rre, IrnIB,IJ;J:>IH apTHmiepHHCKHH oqm:n;ep 0 TpoHie ...» 150
Tax paœym,n;aJI <l>eJIIIKC Ilna, o.n;HOC'TOJ)OHHe o6o6m;an orr1>rr ncropan H ne
IIpOBO,lJ;,H pa3JIH'I'H:Ü Me�y nep110,n;a:MH pieBOJIIOll;IIM II nepHo�aMH KOB.TppeBOJIIO
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Ilpy,n;oa.HCThI cMhIIŒJIH'Ch B aToM Borrpoce c He.onKooHHn;aMH. TaK, BepMo
peJIL B cTaT1>e, orryfünnwBaHHOM 13 ,.:.\Hur B ra.3e-Te <<La Commune>>, nn:caJI o
<<IIpeBOCXO):(C'TBe Ill'Ta'TCKHX Ha;::i; B01e'HHbIMH B BOÏlHe ,peBOJJIOD;HOHHOH, T. e. o6o
pOHIIT•0JihHOH>> 151. BJIH30CThIO cou;1:1aJibllblX rpynrr, CTOHBIIIHX 3a CII'lIHOH Heo
HR06HHD;'0B If npyp;o'HHCTOB, o6'bHCHHe·T,CH M •CXO.L];·CTBO lIX B3rJIH)];OB no BOrrpo
caM BOeHrHOH opraHH3aD;H.H, HBB.O M0JIK06Y'P .mya3HbIX no CBOeMy cym;ecTBy.
I1HOH •ÔbIJia BOOH.HaH IIJia'Tq>OpMa 6JiaHK1IC'TOB II JieBbIX npy,n;OHHC'TOB, a TaK
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3a c-rporo ,n;eHTpaJIH30B3HHOe ·pyIOOBO,D;C'TBO BOOHBbIM Be,IJ;OMCTBOM, Cq-JITaJUI ae
o6:xop;HMbIM HCIIOJib30Bamrn B08BHbIX cnen;ua;IH,C'TOB Ha OTBe'reTBeBHbIX IlOC'TaX,
ne onacaHcL ll0Cl'OJIIOÔHH Ka,n;poBhIX oqn1u;epoB. <<.Uame no6e,n;oHOCHblii: reue
PaJI, HMeH no� CBO.HM HatJaJihCTBOM o,n;Hy JIHIDb Bau;HOHaJihlIYIO rBa ,p,n;IIIO, He
MomeT IllponaBeCTII rocy,n;apcTBeHHoro rrepeBopoTa>>,- 3aHBJIHJia ra3e•Ta <<La
Commune» 152• «C ap.MJieii, cocTonm;e:iî: H3 rpam,n;aH, Ber M• ecra HH ,n;JIH BoeH
HhlX n�Boporon, HB ;rt;JIH ,n;uK1ra·ropoB>>,- saMe-qaJra raaeTa <<Le Réveil du
Peuple» 153. «EcTL JIH ocHoBaHne orra-caTbCH,- nucaJI B ra3ere <<Le Tribun du
Peuple>> J111ccarapa,- 1Iro6h1 rpam;:i;aHcRaa l\II1:Jnn..:i;11n, cocTaBJI0HHaH 113 'OTD;OB
H Mymeii, cpamaIOIQ:HXCH B ABYX marax OT •CBoero ,oqara 3a ,CBOH IlOJlll'TBlleCK.lfe
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HblM B 3a,n;yMaHHOM HM npeAIIPlIHTIUI? )) 154•
TaK paccym�aJIH - 11 rrpaBHJibHO paccym,n;aJJ11 - Te opraHhI nap.:e:mcKoi
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149
150
151
152
1 &a
154
15
5
«Le Vengeur», 13 mai 1871.
<<Le Vengeur», 16 mai 1871.
<<La Commune», 1'3 mai 18'71.
Ibidem.
<<Le Réveil du Peuple>>, 12 mai 1871.
<<Le Tribun du Peuple», 18 mai 1871.
JI. A 10 6 p e ii JI 1:.. 'YKa3. col!., CTp. 201.
461
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B HeIIO,I:(l'OTOBJIHHHOCTH na pIIiRCRoro npoJI-e-rapn:aTa, KOTopaH 'HaJiomHJia OTne
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oprarurnan;nro 157•
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G. Bourgin. Histoire de la Commune. Paris, s. a., p. 145.
H. JI y Ku H. Ha :ucTop1u1 peBo.rnonuoHHhlX apMu:ë:. M., 1923, crp. 303, 313, 314.
158 TI. M. K e p me H n; e B. lfcTop:e:.R Ilap:e:mc1..o:ë:: RoMMYHLI 1871 r. Ha�. 2-e. M.,
1959, CTp. 352.
159 dipoToKoJILI», T. II, cTp. 10-11.
160 AHaJIH3 ero ,IIaH B rJI. X HaCTOJI�ero H3,IlaHHH.
161 «IlpoTOKOJILI>>, T. Il, C TJ). 50.
156
157
462
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165 «J
ourn al officiel» 4 mai 1871.
166 Mur ailles. t. II, p. 489.
167 Miche 1 an t.
Un souvenir de la Commune. doumal des économistes>>,
t. XXIII. p. 264.-[(nt. no KH.: O. JI. Ba ii Hm Te :ü: H. .Hctop:e:11 Ilap:e:mcxoi KolDlyHLI.
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Enquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars. Versailles, 1872, p. 547-548.
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1 1s Ta.M me crp 164
,
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Ha3a.ri; -cBoe npe,n;JiomeHIIe 179•
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a-ro
Ta.M me, CTp. 168-171.
TaM nrn, CTp. 171-177.
1so G. Le français. Op. cit., p. 299-300,
178
179
30*
4t37
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. D;Hll p;OJiiRHa 6:hITL ne 1rnTh OI,pya-.HOÏI )I3ip.nn, IIOJflln;eü:cRoro NOMHCCapna·ra HJIH
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Bem;II He rrorraJin B PYh'lI C IIC'I,y.îHHTOB. CNynaBmIIX RBHT3HQHJI.
10 Maa coqpaHIIe "IJ:.1eHOB H.-:iy6a peBo.110n;rrJI, 3ace;:i;aBmero B ill;epNBII Cen
BepHap, Ha Teppinopnn XVIII o.npyra (MoHMapTpa), npHHHJIO pe30JIIOIJ,HIO,
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TapcKHM no cB-oeMy xapai-acpy: pe30:1rorurn: R:1y6a npe;:i;ycMaTpnBaJia ;i;enem
HbIH IDTpaq> U,'IH p;aarn apecr .îIIrl3, It01'üpoe npe;:.rhHBIIT qymyro NBHTaB:u;HJO 188•
«IIpoTOKonhI>>, T. II, np. 176.
clJ. 11. A px n no B. EopbÔa Te'lennii B Ilapmi.ci.:oii fü.n1Myne npH npoBeµ;emm
HeIWT0pLIX co:u;HaJibH0-8R0HO�mqechnX Meporrp1unnii. <<}'q_ 3aII. ropLKOBCKoro ne�. IIH-Ta
HHOCTp. 113.», Bhlll. Il, f-9.37, CTp. 82.-83.
isa «Journal officiel», 8 mai ·18ï 1.
1'14 II . M. K e p me n � e B. Yi.:n. cotJ., CTp. 308.
185 «J ournal officiel», 10 mai 1871.
186 Ibid., 12 mai 1871.
1s1 Ibid., 21 mai 1871.
188 «Le Cri du Peuple», 15 mai 18ï1.
181
182
468
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paapymaTh. l-tpnrH:nyn ary no3Hll,HIO <<Siècle>>, rasera napHIBCRHx ceR:u;»iî llB
TepHa:u;uomwa <<Révolution politique et sociale>> paso6.rra'l!aJia crreRyJUITHBHbie
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189 •
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1
189
190
<<La Révolution politique et sociale 1>,
<<Journal officiel», 1 mai 1871.
1.)
1
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191
470
<<Journal officiel>>, '.21 mai 1Sïl.
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-CTYIIJIJI iRyp.n;, SaHBHBillHH, 1ITO c;u;eJihHa.a pa6ora noom;pHeT O,IJ;HHX B ym;ep6
,IJ;pyrKM, 1MeHee JIOBKJIM. l\JIOBHC ,rt;IOIIOH, yr<a3aBmnii, lITO OH (<Ca:�1 paOOlfHÎÎ>>
li llMeeT rrpaBo BhICKa3aTbCH <<ITO pa60lI0}IY BOIIpocy>>' Bhipa3IIJI rromeJiaHue,
"IT06'hl Ha rOJIOCOBa'HlΠ6MJia IIOCTaBJieHa cpopMyJI.IlpOBKa <<C,;J;0JihHaH II no;u;eH
naH pa6oTa>). <DpaHKeJih Ilp0)J;JIO)RHJI yKa3aTh, 1ITO paoo-qn:ii ,n;eHh 6y}];•0T paBeH
BOChMH qacaM. IlocJie 8'TOI'O 61>1Jia IIOCTaBJICHa Ha roJIOCOBaHne II II'pHHH'Ta
4-H ·CTaTnH. 3a-TeM 6bIJI IIOC'TaBJieH ua I'OJIOCOBaHHe Il npII.IIHT AORper B n;•eJIOM 199•
)J:eRpeT IlpB)J;OCTaBJIHJI RoMHCCHH Tpy,IJ;a II 06:'.\ŒHa npano nepecM:OTpa BCex
3aKJIIOl!0HHhlX RoMMYHO:Ü: IIO)];pH;J;OB, BhlCRa3bIBaJIC
, H aa TO, lIT06bl B 6yl];ym;e:w
HO)WHWJ cp;aBaJIHCh Henocpe]];CTBeHHO pa6ol!lfM accor::i;IIar::i;nH'M Il l!T06hI HM HCe
rp;a ORaSLIBaJI-OCh npell;1IOqTeH1Ie, BBO/J;II:I HOBhIH nopH,ll;OK Bhlpa60TKH ycJIOBH:Ü
TIOCTaBOK H u;eH ( OHH ,D;OJiiEHhl fü,IJIH orrpep;eJIHTbCH IIHTeH,u;aHTCTBOM, CJIH,D;H
RaJihHOH naJiaToH �oprropar�HH, ,u;eJieran;ueiî TPYAa n -ooMeaa II ,;:i;e:rnrar::i;Heiî cpH
HaHCrOB), ycTaHaBJnrnaJI, "'ITO BO BC.êX p;oroBoipax Ha IIOCTaBRH )];JIH RoMMyHhl
JJ;OJiiEeH yRa3blBaTbCH o6H3aTeJIHHLiii �IIIHHl\Iy�I aapa6oTHOÏI IIJiaThI (no;-i;enuoiî
.HJIH C)J;eJihHOll) paool!HX Il pa6oTHHI�, 3aHHThIX BbIIIOJincrnue�I 8THX IIOC'TaBOR .
.[(eKpeT fü,IJI -orry6.,'JHR-OBaH B «Journal officiel» ;t;BaJI(L�bI: 13 :\IaH 6e3 BCJI
:KHX no;ri;rrnceii (RaK ny6mIKO
, BaJIH-Ch Büo6:w;c rrnc·TaHOB�JeHIIH, HCXO)];HBlliII0 OT
Rm1MyHhI B u;eJioM)' a 15 MaH 3a IIO,ll;IIHChIO renepaJibIIOro ceI{peTapH H.oMHC
<'.,IUI 'Tpy,u;a n -o6MeHa Bepreaa, 1IJI.eHa <De.n;epaJihHOfO COBera rrapHIBCJ{IIX COI{
n;nü MRT1epHau;uoHaJia 200•
Ilpe)];JIO'Re'R.He Cl>paHKeJI.H O BBe)];eHHH 8-tiaCOBOfO pa6oG:ero )J;HH He IIOJiy
�nIJlO 11o)U{epmK11. Mem;u;y 'l'eM rro,u;o6Hoe pemeau,e OhlJIO npHHHTO er:qe B 1866 r.
Ha iKe.HeBCROM ROHnpecce 11HreipHaIJ,IIOHaJia, T. e. IlOll"Tll 3a IIHTb JieT )"{:O RoM
MYHhI. IlpH BCeM 'HOCO»epmencTBe ,n;eNpeTa 13 MfüI on nMe.iI 60.;.1bmoe npttHIJ;H
IIHa.JI�Hoe 3Hal!eH:a.e. 8-ro 6LIJIO Bamaoe MeporrpH.HTHQ rrpaBHTeJihCTBa rrepBOH
npon·011apcKon �H�TaTyp1>1 no ,oxpaHe rpy,n;a paooqIIx.
Tpy.o;.a�ec.a Ilapnma aacToii1:1nBo p;o6ttnamrcr, Mcp, JWTOpLre orpap;HJIH 6hI
HX 0T 3KCilJiyaTaD;llll CO C·TOpOHhl npe,n;npHHIBiaT0JieH. Tal{, Hanpn:Mep, 10 MaH,
T. e. aa A,Ba AHH ll,O o6cy.mp;-eHIIH BToro Borrp,oca B I{o11rMyue, Itrry6 peBo.mo
u;n-a na coopaHllll, B KOTOpOM yqaCTBOBa.ïo :3 T:bIC. qe:ioBeR, BhT-,D;BllHYJI 'I1l)e6o
BaHH0 rrepe)];aBaTb ace 3aIŒ3hl, BblII'OJIIUI0MbIO ;:t;JIH Ro?.DIYHhI, paOO't!HM rrpoH3BO]l;CTBeB'HLIM accon;nar::i;IUIM 201•
14 MaH, T. ,e. yme IIOCJie rrpIIHHTllH II orry6JIHKOBaIIHH ;a;e1�peTa RoM:MyHhl
IIO BTOMY Bonpocy, B IIel!a'Tll UOHBHJIOCh saHBJieHne npyIIIIhl illB-eH, 3aHHThI.X:
narOToBJiffiUieM o6MyH;r:µIpoBaHHH JJ;JIH nan,HoHaJihHhIX rnap;u,eiin;en X oRpyra.
IllBeH 11poTecTOBa.rr:e: rrpOTHB CUHIB0HUH pacn;eHoR, npo1rnnep;eHHOl'O He3ap;oJiro
,;:i;o BTOro, II ·rpe6oBaJIH, ll'TOOhl HM ipa3pemHJIU coa;:i;aTh npOII3BO;J;CTBeHHyIO acco
I�Mau;rrro ,D;JIH BhIIIOJrHeHHH 3aKa30B Ho�niyHLI. <<Ilopa , HairnHeu;,- rOBOpIIJJOCh
B 3TOM ,UOI{YMOHTe,- CBeprHyTh H rrpHTOM HaBcerp;a HeHaBHCTHOe Hro THpaHIIH
II IIOJIYIJM'Th sa 'ÜTBail\HI,le YCHJIIIH crrpane,;l/UIBOe B03Harpamp;CHlle H CB06o;::i;y
rpy;i;a>> 202_
)::(eKpe·T, rrpHHHThlii Ro�L..'\fyHoii 13 :\WH, üTBeqaJI, TaRII?I.I o6paao:M, ,n;annIIm
HIIM CTp0M.TI8IIHHM paDO'lJilX Il pa6oTHIIIJ;, B3HTh rrpOH3B-O)];CTBO Herrocpep;C'TBCHIIO
B CBOll py.Ku 203•
0
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199 TaM me, CTp. 270-,271.
200 <<Journal officiel», 13, 15 mai 1871.
201 <<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 15 mai 1871.
202 <<Le Vengeur>>, 14 avril 1871.
203 CJJe�yeT OT'MeTiiTb, lJTO O,IJ;HO Il3 IIO.lOil,eHn:Ü 3TOro ,;J,e-Rp€'r.a - 06 ofürnan�."IbHOM
füiIIRMyMe 3apa6ornoii 1maThl - 't)bIJIO BK.;uoqeao BHOC:.re�CTDllll B raBpCRYJO Ilp-OI'pr3.:\nty
<l>pflHicy3CKOli paoolleii rrapT1UI (18&) r.), npIITŒi C npHMOli CChI.1IWii Ha ;:i;cncpeT nO;,\ŒYHLI.
475
CvmecTBOBaHJie
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;:J;HIQIIXCH CIIOC,OOCTBOBaJIH pa3BRTHIO H yRpeIIJIBHHI(}
ROOnepaTBBhl B Ha'lane
B cepeJ:t;aHe MaH
rrpotpeC•ClfOH8JlhHl,IX
C0I03-0B II IIJ)OH3BOAC'TOORHLIX
r-worre1paTHB0B B l1apnr1,e. Bce HOBl,18 II HOBhie C0I03hl IJ)aooqnx B1mroqaJIHCh B
�BHme1nrn, TOJPIDn :noT0ipo� ry fü,IJI 'AaH ;len1peToM RoMMYHhl oT 16 arrrpeJIH o rre
pe,u;aqe npe;r:i;rrpIUITIIÏI, 6.poIIICHHbIX XO3H0BaMII, B PYRH pa601IHX n:!)OH3BO�
CTBeHHhlX acco:u;nan;HÜ. 4 �IaH COOpaHIIe paooqnx, Up 01I3BO�HID;HX fBOO�H, rry
l'OBHIJ,bl H gpyrn:,e. II3;i:e.1nH H3 rneJie3a, IlOCTaHOBHJIO BLIµ;e.JIHTb 'I1.P€X ,u.e.rreraTOB
ll,JIH O3Hal{0M:I8HIUI C COCTOHHHe�I MacTeipCKIIX, 6tpomeHHblX X03H8B8Mll JIH6o BO
nipe-MH O-Ca,[(hI Ila1p1I.ma H8:\-IeIJ;IODIIl BOÏICna:MH, .r:ur6o II0CJI0 pe-BoJIIOIJ..llH 18 MapTa.
PeIIIeHo ,fü,IJio, tJTO :nu MacTe:pc:rrne 6y;:i:yT BhIIIO.JIHHTh 3aRa3J.I RoMMYHhl 204 .
llpoq>eccHoHaJihHhte
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no
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RO,IJ;,CTBa Y.EW3hIBHJiüCb, lJT•O OH C03p;aJI )];Be nOMHvClflI: h"OMHOCJIIO
rrponaraH]I;-û'
Il rryôJIHRan;1rn: II KOMHCCHIO II0 <<OpraHH3aD;IIll Tpy�a>>. IlocJie�JIH ,IJ;OJimlla 6hlJI3'
BCTYIIH"fb B nOHTaw-r c Ro�DIYHOË: no nonpocy o cRope:iimeM ocym;ecTBJieHHn
geRpeTa 16 anpeJur. Ha 7 :'lrnH aaarra11aJioc1, o6m;ee oo6paHHe pa6011Rx :3Toif
cue�HaJihHOCTH, Ha IiOTopoc npnrJiamaJIIICh II pa6o'IHe CMeïRHhlX cnen;u:aJILH0CTeii 205•
Ilo-BH�Hl\JOMY, Ha co6paHIIII 6bI.TIO rrpHHHT0 pemeHHe 06 yKperrneHHH c1rn
AHRaJibHOll naJiaTI.I pa6o'IJUX IOBeJIHpHoro rrpOH3BO,[{CTBa. Bo BCHROM CJiyqae·
Maa 6bIJIO ◊03BaHO 3acep;aa:rre, Ha ROTOpoe, KRK 3HR'IHJIOCL B H3BeID;elIHH,
rrpHrJiamaJJHCb (<BCe lfJI0HhI, rrpnMhlnaIOITVIe K CHHAHRaJibHOÜ naJiaTe». IloB€CT
Ra ,UHH aToro 3acep;aHHH r.1:acmm: <<Ilo,uTBepm,n;eHHe cym;ecTBOBaH1u1 CHHAH
Ran1,aon rraJia'ThI. O6cym�f.\HIIe cpe,u:CTB, CIIOCODHI,IX IlpH,IJ;aTL eü HOBhlÜ HM
IIyllbC>). To m,e U3BemeaIIe npur.rramano Bcex ,pa6011ax H pa60TH� IOBeJinp
aoiio Ill}OII3BO,IJ;CTBél na o6rn;ee co6paHHe } IWTopoe ]];OJllliHO ObIJFO -coc:roHThCa
21 MaH 206.
17
7 Mfül ce:nperapb a,n;inIHIICTpaT:HBHOfO COBeTa HoorrepaTUBHOro o6m:ecTBa
pa6oqnx-JIHTe:Üm;HKOB, o6pa3oBanrneroca B KoHn;e anpeJIH (B. JianmeJIL),
naIIJpaBHJI B pe,[(a1m;rrro ra3eT1,1 <<La Sociale» nncLMo, B mnopoM Ranern;aJI qJie11-0B 3TOH accou;nan;inI, lfTO OHa rrpHC·TyrraeT K 1I1pOH3BO)J;CTBY CHapH.J;OB, B ROTO
p.blx TaR OCTpo Hymp;aeTCH Ro11M:yHa: (< MbI 'HaqH,Hae�{ JIIITW œro,n;HH, H, nep
BhlH me CHapH;:1;, ROTOphlH BhIIÏ)leT ll3 HallHX :\IaCTepeRHX, IIOHOCeT BepcaJILD;a!-r
Ham OTB€T rrpOTHBIDIKa�I OCB060i-R,UeHHH Tpy;.vrm;HXCH». m'OT npOHllRHyrJ.Iii TI.Y
XOM peBOJIIO�IlOHHOrO naTpIIOHI31Ia ;J;OI"lY1IeHT UhlJI ony6JIHROBaH B rreqaTJI na
CJI,e,n;yrom;HH .n;éHh 207•
TaIWH am ropHlfeii rrpep;aHHOCTbIO h'.fl\lMytHe rrpOHilKHYTO IIHCbMO ,n;eJiera
TOB co103a pa6o"IHX-CJiecapeii, a]JJpecoBaHHoe B pep;a.R�nro ra3eTh1 <<Le Cri du
Peuple>> n: orry6.mnrnnarrHoe 15 MaH. Ilporec'TyH npoTHB oorJiamaTeJ11:,c1u1x
MaHeBpOB o6ne,[{IrHeHHH ,Cim.J,HRaTOB rrpe;:1;rrp1IHHMaTe.'!Je:Ü:, anrop1,1 IlHCb}Ia 3aHB
JIHJUI, lfTO COI03 paoo-qnx c:rncapHüfO npoH3BO)J;CTBa (<IlO:IHOCTLIO np:e:COOTI,HHHeT
CH R rrporpaMMe noMMYHhl►> 208.
14
MaH coroa paooqrrx e.:ieca,pHoro rrpoH3Bo,n;c-rBa opraHJI30BaJI oo6paHrre,
r;i:�,e ;J;OJii-RHI.I 01,IJIH 6hlTb 3acJiymaHh1 coo6rn;eHHH �eJieraTOB, BM;:J;-eJieHHhlX B'
I{oMHCCHIO TpyJJ;a II o6�ŒHa ( BUAflM-0, IIO BOIIpocy O npoBe,u;eHHll B .>KH3Hh
]];eRpe·Ta 16 arrpeJ1.a). B:\1ecTe c ·TeM Ha 3T0lf coopann:e: .u;oJimRa 6M.rra rrpo:e:aBo
,JJ;HThCH BhI,I(aqa -qn:enCRIIX 6n.1eTOB C,'IeeapH:\f. BCTYIIaTO�IBI B 1morrepaTHBHYIO
aocon;na�1no 209.
204 << Paris libre>>, 8 mai -1871.
2os <<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 3 mai 1871.
2oa Ibid, 17 mai 1871.
2o1 <<La Sociale>>, 8 mai 1871.
208 <<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 15 mai 1871.
2o9 <<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 14 mai 1871.
476
Ha 21 Ma.a: na3Ha-cxeuo 601:ro ,o6�ee co6panne pa6otJnx 1,omeBe.Hnorio npollJ
:no,n;cTBa ,u;m1 o6cym;:i;eHHH Bonpoca o co3;i;arrurr rrpon3no;:i;crBennoii aœo1vrn1�1u1 210•
23 MaH ;ri;om«-no 6IiIJio coc-Towr�H o6m;ee ,co6paHIIe paooqIIx 6ocn c n;eJI1>IO
·OpraH:U:8an;1n1 CHH;IJ;HRaJihHOH rraJiaThl Il Bhipa6onrn: ee ycTaBa. B H3B8In;8HHH
r01mpHJIOCh: <<ToBapIIm;H, )];BU:IBeHHe, ROTOpoe rrpoHCXO;:I,llT cpe,:i;n Tpy,;i;HID;HXCH
1-maccoB, rro6ym,n;aeT HaC roBOpHTh II p;eii:CTBOBaTh: BOT TI01I8MY, rpamp;aHe
II rpam,n;aHRH Roorrepan;n:H, Mhl rrpoCHM Bac ofürnaTeJihHO HBIIThCH Ha Hamc
eo6paH1rn, ROTopoe COCTOHTCH 23 liaH 1871 r. B 7 ½ 11:acoB Be11:epa Ha yJinqe
BHBheH, B 3aJie BHparn:, ua rrepB0�1 3rame>>. B noBecTI'lY p;rra 3Toro co6pa
nna, RpoMe opraHH3aD;HOHBhlX BünpocoB, BXOJ];HJIO o6cymJI;eBHe BonpocoB
-0 JilIRBH,II;an;1u1 3RCIIJJyaTan;n11 pa601:nix X03.fieBa:un H 06 ycJIOBJUIX rpyp;a
na 6oiîHHX 211•
Bropme.Hne Bepca,;i:i,,cRHX Boiic1'l B Ila,pn;-n c,::i;e.i:a:rn HCB03:\Win'Hhl:\I npoBe)];e
nue 3Toro co6paHIUI. Ilo TOÏI me IIplll!IIHe He COCTOllJIOCb, BepoHTHO, H co6pa
nne KOHChepmeii, na3gaqem1oe rra 22 Man, rp;e p;o::rmna 6hIJia ocpo,p1u1ThCH Rx
co6cTBeHHfüI 11jpocf>eccnoHaJihHaa opramrnan,na 212.
20 Maa B rreqaTll IIOllBHJIOCI, H3Bem;eHHe cen:perapa CJIHAHnaJibHOH rraJia
'ThI pa6oq11x-nopTHhIX Ilap11arn cD. PycceJia o coshlBe 21 :\IaH o6m;ero co6paHnH
pa6oqnx 3'TOH rrpocpeüCJIJI ,!l;JIH •,l1;0IIOJIHIIT0JibHhIX BhIOüpüB q.;IC,HOB naJiaTbl JI )];Jlll
.sacJiyrIIJIBaHJIH (<1pa3JililqH:bIX ooo6m;eHHM>> 213. BechMa BepOHTHO, 11:TO C03hlB
3Türo co6paHHll fü,IJI 'CBH3a·H C IlOCTaHOBJI8Hli•e:.\I Ro:.\UICCIHI 'Tpy;i;a II OÔMeHa 'OT
13 Maa 'Ü HOBOM nop.rrp;Re BhIIIOJIIIC'HIIll 3aI'la30B I�mnIY,HbI HU ITOillflBHY BOCH
Horo i06MyHJJ;IIpOBaHHH.
Ilop;BO,II;H HTOrn, CJie):(yeT ClŒ3aT1>, 'ITO B JIHD;G npocJ>ecc110HaJibHhIX COIO
aoB II rrpoH3BO,lJ;CTB8HHhIX accou,nan;n:ü Ilapnma rrpaBnreJihCTBO KoMMYHbI
UM0JIO ,n;eHTeJibHblX IIOMOID;HHIWB, on:a3.LIBaBIIIHX eii: anTIIBIIYIO TIO,!JJ{,epiRRy
1J npaKTHqecIWM ocym;eCTBJICHIUI ec H8lJHHanrrf1 II TIOCTaHOBJie1rn:ft B o6Jia
-CTU con.naJibHhlX pecJ>opM.
AKTIIBnoc n nepe;i:l-lo pemarom;ec y-qacnrn n pa3pa-«H�BaTBBHaJI KOMBCCB
6o1'RC n npoBep,:e,nnu ::\ceponp1nrnrii Ho:\DIYHhI no
«PeAepaJILuoro eoBeTa
OXipaHc rpyp;a pa6oTiux H -cJiymam;nx, no yJiycrmeHHIO
D&repo�oaaJia
D ee pom. B IIOIDITHRe IIOJI-OiRCHIUI rnnpoRnx C;IOCB HaceJICIIHH, no co:a;JiaJIJI
CTHqe- CIW:.\IY rrpeo6pa30BaHIIIO o6m;eCTBa rrpHHIIMaJIH
Komryuw
qJI,eHbl rrapumcRux -cem.:r;Hii Hnrepna:o;nonawa, oco
-6enHo qJrn'Hhl ero CDep;epaJI1>nor,o coBera, cpc;:i;n 1rnrop1>1x 6r.1.:1n ·rairn:e Bh1p;aro
Il\H8CH ;ri;eHTeJIH, RaR BapJieH, Teüc 1 Cl)pan1..:e.rn,, CeppaiiP, ABpIIaJI1> H pH,n:
;ri;pyrIIX. OpraHnsan;IIH B n;eJIO:\l 6u:rn TCCIIO CBJI3ar-rn C npaBHTüJihCTBOM
KoMMYJlhI.
Bamuoe pemeHn-e npumno fü,1.rro cDe,::i:epa:ihHLBI coBeTo:-..1 na aacep;aHHn
3 liaH. Ha Hff}I 6hlJIO nocTaHOBJieHO Bhll,lC:IIITh (<IIHIU�RaTIIBHYIO RO)IHCCliIO>) l'I.3
.,
lIHTII 11:JieH-OB, n-OTOpaH ;:J;OJifüHa OhL1a
naxo;:i;rIThCIT 3 paTymc, «·c:ryïRHTh rrocpe;:tHnn;·e:Ii: M0iH;:t;y Cl>ep;epaJih'HhDI COB0TO)l II l\o:.\01,YHOÜ>> II <<rrpe,::t;cTaB:rHTh eii Ha
pacc)IOr:peuue H oAo6p,eHHe pe3y.rn,TaThI pa6or naipumŒu1x ce-Kr,;-H:a». B nocra
HOBJieHIIII YIŒ3:blBaJlOCb, "CJTO lJJI8HhI 8TOM nO�IIICCIIU ;:i;o:rsRHbI 6yp;yT OTlill'T:bI
Ba-ThCH B ·CBOIIX ;i;eiîCTBHHX Ha Ram,ri;o:11 3acc,n-aHIIJI <Deµ;epaJILHOfO COBeTa, ROTO
phIH Mo;.1r- nT B .:no6oe Bpe11a OT03BaTh HX. B rocTaB 1nrn:urraTIIBHOÏI R011HCCHII
2
-ÔMJIII Bn16pain.1 AHpII fyJ.I;ie, A.Me, HocTar, MapTen H I-loMrra 14•
10 l\.IaH I, Hvn1 rrpncoe)],IlHII:IU:Ch ell.(e ,;i:Ba q:Jena - Ap:MaH JioBH M Bomap.
Ra TOM me 3ace;i;mnu,i 6hIJIO pemeHo, 11ro Bpe)1eHno, ;u:o nepexo;:i;a B pa·rymy,
SJ))
210
211
212
213
214
Ibid., 20 mai 1871.
<<Le Tribun du Peuple>>, 22 mai 1871.
<<L'Estafette», 20 mai 1871.
<<Le Cri du Peuple», 20 mai 1871 .
<<La Révolution politique et sociale>>, 8 mai 1871.
477
,.,
,.,
,.,
ROMJ:ICCJUI OYA8'T 3ace,J,aT!i B M
l RHHCTe� TBe oom;ecTBeBHbIX paoOT, T. e. Ta!\'f t
r.r�e rroMem;aJiac1, RoMHCCIIH Tîpyp;a II o6�rnHa RoMMYHLI .H rAe c 26 a.np,eJrn
06ocH0BaJiac1, <<HoMnccHH no oocJieAoBaHHIO Il opraHnaan;:uH 'l'IPYAa>>. ooa):(au11:raH CHHJI;HKaJlhHbl.M,H na.JiaTa·�nI paé>OtfHX COI03OB JI;JUI IL,POBe;a;eHHJI B mn3Hb
�eKpeTa o nepe.n;a1Ie opomenHhIX X03HeBaMJI MacTepcRnx B ,pyKII pa6oqHx
rr,poH3BOJI;CTBeHH!.IX accou;Ha:D,IIH. Ta1un1 o5paaoM, <<HHHll;Il8THBHaJI KOJ.UICCIIH>}
©e,n;epaJihHOro coBeTa p;o:n«Ha 6hIJia BCTYIHITh B TeCHblÜ ;KOHT8I(T C opnrn:oaa
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;iIOJlHOHHhIM IIapHm01I II BCpCa.:I!.CROli ROHTppeBOJIIOll;H0H 210•
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nepe,AOBhIX aro;::,;eü pa6011ero RJiacca Ilapnma, ,ri;o calthIX uocJieAHHX AHeii CYJD,e
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<<Le Cri du P,eu,ple>>
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m.
21 s <<Journal officiel», 10 mai 1871.
216 Ibid., 15 mai 1871.
4ï8
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219
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p;JIH ôectJ:HC:IBHHhlX BepcaJibCirn:x arenTOB, ROTOpLnrn. nllIIIHT Hap1-1m >> 220 .
1
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CIIJiaMH :KoM:.\IYHbl 61,IJI BbI6paH yp;aqno. ,[(e:rn n TO:.\I, 'llTO ;1;e.1:era T Ho11MyHhl
npH 6aHKe rrpy�OHHCT BeJI3, q>aRTHlJ0CIŒ 38.IIJ;IUUaRillUfl IIHTe1pecbI rrpaB.'IOHHH,,
<< Le Cri du Peuple>>, 22 mai 187-1.
M. D u Cam p. Les convulsions de Paris, t. III. Paris, 1876, p. 267.
P. Fo nt ou li e u. Les églises de Paris sous la Commune. Paris, 1873, p. 287.
'l2o M. Du Cam p. Op. cit., t. III, p. 315-316.
217
218
219
479·
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MapRcIIcn, 1926, .M 1, crp. 43-44.
222 E nquête parlementaire sur l'insurrection du 18 mars, p. 390-395.
480
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Ch. B e s I a y. La vérité sur la Commune. Bruxelles, t877, p. 80-81.
224 I1bid., 1p. ,109.
225 n. M. Re p iR e Hu; e B. 'Yi.Kia-3. CO"I., .CT·P· 313.
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onyoJIHR-OBaHHJI l);aHHoro noc.TaHOBJleHH.fl. 19 Ma.H ra3e'l'a «Le Rappel» coo6rqaJia: <<Bc.ne.n; 3a BaTHHLOJieM .aa111IBa.IOT rrepeeamaTI, H mHTeJI'H MoHMapTpa.
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228 B. li. JI e H :e: n. Pycc:KaH penomoa;n.a II rpam�aHCKaJI BOBHa. Co"I., T. 26, cTp. 22.
229 CM. rJI. X nacT011m;ero H3,;t.amrn.
230 Murailles, t. II, p. 533.
231 «Le Rappel», i9 mai 1871.
232 <<Journal officiel», 5 mai 1871.
227
482
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'
République Française
LIBERTE. EGALITÉ, FRATF.RNJTÉ
COÎIOIB DB -PA·HlS
18
E
ARRONDISSEMENT
\' u la gue-rr,� o,Ji(,u,e que it·s ·'t er�aiHais font au peuple- c)e Paris.
\'u qu'ils n1:é�ikut o;,c.; a tit•e;· !SlH' iles ,•nfonts, tles femmes et
dt'� YieHlards.
(,l11e le peu ple cli:j:1 si pauvre., si t-�prouvé par tant de mois de
:i.1tlt'-s. -f'St hornb,n·d/i d1e1: lui par f•tux ,qui ron affamé et ,·endu.
Que flçir · (�es fatt"i monstrueu'.. des ÜLnille� enlii·res se trouve
raient sur le 11avé.
Que fts {Jl'üi�rh,;taires. et les ct_incierfp's ne se sont pas rendus , ·_
à rappel fralei•n�d qu� IHms h_·i1r aV{Fl!- adr�:--s(·.
Que tou:o-. ecux 'i ni t•�1t foi ont désf!rté l:i <':.t"-lse du p rup1c,. ·
.:· 1�"
.
uu ,,.' . ..; ::l"ïm,emi!"J.
que se sont .!ut>s •rn:..11terenl�
Les membr�s de la Commune dé!-? 8·ut:s an i H" arrondissemt!nt,
arrêtent:
1 ° Les logeme11ts, Gppartements el. ch:-i,:,kt.'> g:m1b de meubles. ahandormt'.is, ap
partenant aux fuyard!'ï sont réquis;itionnés rt niis à l,t dispo:-iUon des citoyens dont
· ·
le mohîlier aura été atteint i;:ir un obus Vtr·,·-iilhis, et cela après enquê-te-.
2L' Les propriétaîr<-'s l't h.'S coneier�e� •iu: :ii1 viendront pas nujourd·hui- m�me à la
Mairie faire la déclaration des !ocau:,.,· vac:,nts et inoccupés 11uïh ont dans leur maison
�seront poursui\ îs.
J' Aue� propriétaire ni cqncîergl} ne pnurr., si� refo:.er dr log<>r les Citoyens munis
d un hon de rëquisllion t>m:rnant de b Mairit•.sans enrnûrir !t·� pt'ηoes les })tus sévl!res.,
La g:11de nationale. le-s Commi1-s:.1re� ile police. toutf•s les autorilég..communales
sont chargi1 t•t se chnrgent de la �Irieu� n,'e-1.,tiun du pr{..;ent arrêté.
P:iri•,, li: 19 mat !871.
S. DER El, I\E, J.-H. CLÉMENT�
CTOCTAHOBJIEHHE M3PI1I1 XVIII ORPYrA O PEIŒH3HUI1H IlYCTYIOIIl,HX RBAPTHP
H I{OMHAT H O 3ACEJIEHI1l1 HX iHilTEJIHMH BOMEAP,UHPYEMbIX IŒAPTAJIOB.
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MfHaJibBOro rury6a III 0
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nparuI-reJih-CTBY RoMMy,a1,1 Haµ;aTh ;:t;eKpeT, KOTOphlii ofürnaJI 6hl BC-ex ,n;oMOBJia
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JJ;YIOID;He cpmrn: - HIOJibCKHH II OKTH6phCKHii»; corJia-CHO TOMy me ,n;eKpeTy, Te
>RHJihTI;hl, KBapTIIPHRH IIJiaTa ROTOphlX He JI.OCTHTaJia 500 <P})aHKOB, conepmea
.HO rOCBOOOiK,D;aJIJioCh OT ynJiaThI; IIJiaTnBIDRM CBhlme 3'TOH CyMMhl KBapTllpH-aH
IIJiaTa COKpam;aJia<'.,1, Ha O,AHY rperb 233.
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Hbl OT 29 Mapra o6 a'HHYJIRPOBaHH'R IrnapTHlJ)HOH 3a.IJ;OJ.DIŒHHOCTll 3a ;:J;HBHTI,
MeCHD;eB (c 1 OKTHQPH 1870 r. no 1 HIOJIH 1871 r.) Hepe1);IW aapymanca na
npaKTHirn, qTo B IPHJI:8 c.1yqaeB )];OMOB.lap;eJihD;LI npo,n;oJiil<aJIH Ttpe6oBa-r:o OT CBO
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pHBaJI OTMeHy IŒapTIIpHOH UJia ThI II aa µ;:sa CJie;tcyIOII\lIX cpoRa H BBOJµIJI aHa
tJHTeJihHOe CORpam,eHHe, a TO II IIOJIHYIO OTMeIJY 1rnapTHjpHOH nJiaTLI na 6yµ;y
J:Qee B!peMn.
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aace'AaH.Hil RoMMYHhI 8 Mfül. rrpocH npIIcyTCTBYIOID;BX aBHThCH na e-0BemaHue,
233
2'S4
235
236
237
238
484
tLa Révolution politique et sociale», 16 mai 1871 (numéro spécimen).
dipoToRoJILI», T. I, crp. 35.
CM. 06 ()TOM r.1. X HacToRm.ero H3,n;amrn:.
dlpoToKoJILI», T. I, cTp. 353.
Murailles, t. II, p. 42:7.
«Journal officiel», 9 mai 18ï 1.
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1
239
240
241
dlpOTOKOJihI>>, T. Il, CTp. 196.
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CM. E. Re c 1 us. La Commune au jour le jour 187'1. P.ii.ris, W09, p. 283-284.
485
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nue, KaK menm;RŒII,I RJiaCClfll0CROH p;peBHOCTH» 245•
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Coro3a 'H3BeCTH.JI 06 3TOM pa6oTHRn; Bcex npocpeccHi; .HaBem;en11e 61,1no orry6.rr:e:E. Re c I u s. Op. cit., p. 303.
dournal officiel», 15 mai 1871.
<<Le Cri du Peuple>>, f:5 mai 1871.
245 R. M a p K c. I'pam,n:aHCI{aH BOHHa
Co11., T. 17, cTp. 352-353.
246 Murailles, t. II, p. 522.
242
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244
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247
248
<<Journal officiel», 17 mai 18ï1.
<<La Sociale», 11 mai 1871.
487
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'-no IIpOCTOMY aaJIB.rreHHIO po.rnrreJI·e:Ü» 252•
Bceii cBoeii rro:rIITIIRoii: RoMMyHa 3aooeBaJia ynameHHe :e: JIIOOOBI> Tpy.ztn:
Ill;HXCH m·eHIIJ;HH. ÛHH npHHHJIH Hefü'IIO'IHTeJibIIO aKTHBHOe y1IaCTH'8 B ee repou
qecKOH ôop1,6e. ÛHH IIOHHJIH, 'ITO, RaK IIB.CaJI 13 CB00'M B03'3BaH'HH 0T 28 a11peJI11
KoMH'TeT rpam,n;aHoK XVII oiq>yra, «caMI>re aacy:rn;aLie HHrepecLI meHm;HB (KaK
H MYiE'IHH) CBH3aHhl C ycrreXOM peBOJIIOD;RH», «lJTO B 3TOÜ OOpWe IIpOIDJIOfO
IIpo'l'HB 6y,n;y:rn;ero, 1rnrrpaB,rr;b1 rrpoTHB rrpaBa 6eaYMeH TOT, KTO ClIHTae-r ceoH
H03aHHTepec.oBaHHhlM, npeczyrreH TOT, KTO OCTaeTCH HeiiTpaJieH» 253•
B. M. Jie.HIIR, uo,u;11epKIIBaH aKTHBHOCTb KOMMynapox, yxa3hIBaJI: «O,u;11u
6ypmya3'HLI:Ü Ha6Jiro,a;aTeJib Ro11MyHLI IIHca:r B Maie 1871 ro)];a B o�noi aHrJinii�
rn
249 dournal officiel»,
mai 1871.
250 P. F o nt o u li eu. Op. cit., p. 185.
251 «J ournal officiel», 13 mai 1871.
252 «IlpOTOKOJILI», T. II, CTp. 308.
253 «Le Cri du Peuple>>, 2 mai 1871 ( cpeµ;n .n;eBHTH qJieHOB RoMnTeTa, rro,urr11caBmRX
aro Boa,aBaHHe, fü,rna n11caTeJihHII�a-co111rnJIHCTKa An,1I,pe Jieo).
CKOH raaere: «ECJIH 6bl <f-paHn;yacirn.H HaIJ;'II.H COCTOH.'Ia T0.1:I>RO na meHm;lIH, Ka
Ka.H 8TO 6hlJia ,61,1 ymacHa.H Han;HJI! )) . llieHm;HHhl II p;eTH C 13 JieT ÔOpüJIII'Cb BO
B·peu-KoMMYHhl aap.H,D;y -c Myml:IHHaMH. Haatie ne Momer 6hlTh H npH 11J)H;a;y
Il{llX f>BTBa.X 3a H.lI3Bepme.ane 6ypmya-3HH. Ilpo.rre-TapcKHe iR8'Hill;l:lJHhl He 6yJzy·T
cHO!jpeTL IIaCClIBHO, KaK xopomo BoopymeHHaH 6ypmya3HH 6y.n;e-r paccTp·eJIH
Ba-n, ffJIOXO BOopyme1IHhIX 'HJl1I ll'eBOopymeHHbIX pa6oCUix. ÛIHI ·B03LMYTCH aa
opyaœe, KaK H B 1871 roJzy!•• » 2s4•
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,r:,;o.u:oRoiî IIJrom;a)l.H 255• IIporpeocUBHbI1e JIIO,:J;M cDpaH:IJ;'HH .n;aBHO p;oo1rnaJI-1ICb C'Bep
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Top<)i BLTJpa311JI nomenaH'K,e, 11'TOOhl eMy 6I11Jm rropyqeHo CHeCTH BaH.n;oMcRyIO
KOJiknlHY BJIH lffOOM npaBRTeJibCTBO eaMo BLIIIO:IHHJIO -aTo p;eJio. Ilpe.n;Jiomea1rn
6hIJib OO'KJIOHeHO.
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HOBJimœe o .cpLITHll Ba�oMcKoii KOJioHHI>I. Ilpe.n;JioarnHHe 3To 61,1JI0 npHHHTO
no1l'TH 6ea npeuHii 256 l'i orry6JIJIRoBaHo :Ha eJie.n;yrom;nft ,n;eH1> 257• B MOTHBnpo
B011Boii lJ.8.CTB p;,eRpeTa yRa3LfüaJIOCb, tITO (<IIMIIepat,op,e,1-caH KOJIOH'Ha Ha BaH
AQHCKOH IIJiom;a,u;H npe�cTaBJI.He-T co:6oii: rraMH'THHR BapBapcTBa, ClIMBOJI r.py6oii
CWlLI' 'H JIO>KHOii CJlaBLI, anoJIOflIIO MlIJJIITapH3Ma, O'TlpHD;aH'IIe Memp;yHapo,n;Horo
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raTeJII.CTBO Ha OABH H8 Tpex BeJIJ.IRHX rrpIIHD;lI-IIOB <l>paHn;yaicKoii pecrry6JIH
KH - 6paTCTB0)).
t 'Ma.H 11em,lcy' HenOJIHBTeJI.bHoii -IWMHccneÏI HoMMY,HhI .n IIHmeH-epoM Mp116o-M, qJie-HoM Rnyoa nooBTHBHCTOB B IIa,pHme·, 6hlJio aaRJiroqeao corJiameaue,
no .KoTopoMy Hpiro 06.sraaJICH no.n;roToBJI·T1> n: ocym:ecTBHTh paapymeHHe wroro
naMHTHHRa B.M0CTe c YBBifllHBaBmieii ero CTaTyeii HanoJieOHa 5 MaH 1871 r.,
B 50-ro rOAOBIIJ;HHY CO ,l];BH ero CM-ep-rII. 3a 8TO rrpaBHT0JlbCTBO RoMMyHLI
�OJiiRHo OLIJio ynJiaTH'Th 11ame.Hepy 28 TbIC. cppaHKOB. PemeHB:e mI3BetprHyTb
BaH)];OM'CKYIO ROJIOHHY MOTHBHpüBaJIOCL B 8TOM �RyMeHTe yKa3aHHeM ·Ha TO,
trTo HanoJieaoa B011anap-r, o.n;epmHMoIH <<qy,ri;oBIIIll;HhTM qooTOJiro-6HeM>>, aa,n;y
rum1 <ppaHn;yaceyro- peBOJIIO�IO, ,y�TffIID'.BJIJI 'B cTpane •pe:m,HM <<ymacaro�ero
.n;ecnoTJI3Ma>>, MHJIHTaplI8Ma Il IIOJIHD;0HCKOI'O IlpOH8BOJia, tITO OH <<,paaopJIJI
H nqpaôorn:JI <ptpa'HII.Y3CKYJO Han;HIO>>' qro OH npu·aa;rvreiKHT R <<"l!IICJIY caMhlX
254 B. M. JI e H 1I H. BoeHBaJI nporpaMMa npoJierapCKOii peBOJIIOD,HH. Co�.• T. 23-, CTp. 70.
255 R. Ma pK c. BoceMHap;a;aToe 6proMepa Jiyu Bi>Hanapra. R. M a pK c :e: <l>. 3 n
r e JI b c. Co11., T. 8, CTp. 217.
256 dlpOTOKOJILU>, T. I, CTp. 152.
57
2
<<Journal officiel>>, 13 avril 1871.
Paapymeue
BaRAOlleBOA 1LU01DDi1
(16 JIU)
1
489
mecToiœx nparoB q0J10Beqec1wro ipo,a;a>> H ae 1nrneT npana BO <DpaHn;Hn «HH Ha
KYJihT, HH Ha o6m;ecTB8HHOe yBeKoBeqeHHe>> 258•
«IlPHroBop, BbIHece.HHhlH HanoJieoHy I HCTop:aeiî II rrpo,a;nRTOBaHH1,1ii Ila
p:e:mcxoii KoMMyuo:ii>> (TaK HMeHoBaJioch nooTaHOBJieH:ae RoMMyHhl B J];oroBo
pe, aaKJI10qeaHOM C HHiIŒHe·p.oM HpHÔOM)' 01,IJI rrp1rne,a;ea B HCIIOJIH8Hil8 C H8KO
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PeBOJIIOU.HOHHa.H o6m;ec-rBeHHOCTh IIapnma rop11qo rrpnBeTCTBOBaJia 3ToT
�eiqpeT RoMMYHhl. raaeTa «Père Duchêne» orry6JIIIKOBaJia 60JI1,myro cTaThIO,
B KOTO!poii:, rop11qo o,n:o6pHH pemeHHe RoMMYHhl, HaIIOMHHaJia, 1ITO B Bo:iiaax
HarroJieoHa rrorn6Jio 4 MJIH. -qeJioBeR JI 6IJ.rro 11apacxoµ;oBaH10 17 MJip�. <f>paHRoB,
qTo npII HarroJieoHe 6hIJI paapa60Taa rpam.ri;aHCKHÎÎ RO;:I;eKc, 3aKa6aJl'HBIDHH Tpy
AH�HXCH II 06ecne1nrnmIIi rocIIOA(',TBO Kall.II'Ta:CHC'TOB, l:fTO HanoJIOOH C03AaJI
CllûTeMy 6ropoKpaTH"tJeCKOH n;eHTpamrnan;HH, KüTOpaH rro,n:aBJIH'eT HHTe·pecbl
aapo,a;a, ero CTpeMJieHBJI K cBo6o;::i;e. AeR!PeT Ro�n1y,a1,1 o cuepmeHIUI Baa,n:oM
cooü KOJIOHHhl, AOKa3hIBaJia ra3eTa, crrpa.Be,[(JIHB He TOJibRO (<C naU,IIOHaJihHOH
T01IIGI 3p8HllH»' H-0 II
' (<C TOqKH aipeHHH HHT' epaau,uoHaJibHOM>). 3Ty KOJIORHY
aaaLIBaJIH naMHTHlIKOM CJiaBhI. Ho pa3Be HC'Tll)IfHaH C�"IaBa 3aKJIIO"lleHa B <<,rzyxe
aaBoenaHHH»' B arpeccHBHblX BOH'Hax, a He BO BCeo6IIJ,eM 'MHpe Il IIOJIHOM C01'Jia
CHH JIIOl];ffH, r;i;e 6bI OHH HH )HH.1IM - (<110,IJ; ro:ryÔhIM He6oir AcppIIRH iHJIH IIOA
HeOoM rroKpbIToii: caeraMH PocienH>>? <<Hapo;::r,br ;::t)IH Hac 6paTbH,- 3.aJIBJIHJia
raaeTa.- Co3p;ap;HM ,cBHID;8HHMii c,oroa, HCTH'HHbIM coro3 Hail)IM, o.cyIQecTBHM -co
rJia.cn-e, a He CJI'lUIHHe pac (qTQ H0B03MOïRHO), cpep;epa:u;1no. YHHlITOïRHM Bce
BOCIIOMHHaHHH O npemHIIX BOHHax, KOTOpnrn IIO.r(l-(8pmirnaIOT 03JIOOJJ0HJI8 M1 em.n:y
HaD;H.HMH H IIOC·TOHHHO IIO,U:CTpeKaIOT O]];HH Hapo;'.];hl K 6opn6e 3a peBaam rrpornB
,n;pyr.IIX Hatpo.n;oB, q'T,O H.]];€T aa ]I0Jlb3Y TOJib}W THpaHa�u 259•
raae-Ta «La Commune>> npeµ;JiaraJia B03;rI;BHrHyTh Ha �: rnc:re BaH,n:oM.cKoii
KOJIOKHhl rraMHTHHK 'B -qec·Th rpam;:t;aH, rraBIDHX B 6oph6e 3a CBooo ,n;y 260• Tio,n;
pOOHhIH rrpoeKT na:IDITHHKa B qec'Tb KO�MyHa
- poB, norII6IDIIX B 6011x C sepcaJII,
n;aMH, K·OTOphIH ,IJ;OJiïR0H 6bIJI 3aMe.H:WI'b Ban;a;oMCKYIO ROJIOHHY, H3JiaraJI.CH
B JUICT0BRe IIO.L{ Ha3BaH.a·e:M <<Ha,n;rpo5aoe ·CJIOBO naMHTH HaD;H-OHaJibHblX rBap
.n:eiin;ea, rraBilI.IIX 3a pecnyoJIHKY>> 261• ):J;pyroii: rrpoeRT npe,r:i;
, yc}t:aTpHBaJI ycTa
HOBKY qrn:rypI>I «Tnepa l>> B 'OJ];HI1X IIO;:J;!II'TaHHIIR3X, C 3-0,HTHKOM B O,IJ;HOM pyKe
H c 9M6JieMoü MaHaipx.II"llocKoft pec-TaBpa:u;nn B ;::i;pyroii:, BepxoM Ha map,e, yBeH
q110010m;eM K0JIOHHY.
raaeTa <<Mot d'Ordre», Ha,n:aBaBIIIaHcH rpynnoii: rrorryT 1111KOB RoMMYHhI no
rJiaBa C ll3B0CTHhIM rry6JII:U�HCTOM 6yp mya3HO-pa,n:HRaJihH-OfO HarrpaBJI0HHIT
AHjn1 Pomq>opoM, Bbl�HyJia rrpe,a;JiomeHHe cme-qb Ha MeCTe KOJIOHHbl KHH
ry Tnepa «HcTopHH KoH1CyJihC'TBa H HMnepHm>, rrpe,n;c·TaBJIHBmyro co6oii: rraae
rnp1n( Hanoneoay 262. IIp<YTHB aToro ipem:rrTe:IhHO Bh1'CT y11HJia ra3eTa <<La Com
mune», yKaaaBma.a: ua ro, 'lfTO B cBoe BpeMH npoH3Bep;ea1u1 BoJihTe,pa, Pycoo
n p;pyrnx nepe�oBnIX MbICJTII'l'eJJ'eii: nop;BeprJIHCh comm·eirn:ro pyRoü naJiaqa liI
qTo cmellb KHHry T1,epa 3Ha1!HJIO 6nI ,OIŒ3aTb eii CJIHIDKOM 60JI1>myro qeCTh,
rrpH3IIa'Tn, 1:ITO 3TOMY ·-rpy,gy IIp.HHap;.11emIIT 6y,n;yr.qee 263• B 'ro:ii me ra3e-Te 6hIJIO
Hane11a-TaH-o IlllCbMO O,IJ;HOI'O H3 qHTaTeJieii:, KOTOpblM BhlCKa3hIBaJI nomeJiaHHe,
"tJTOObl <<3'TOT rraMHTHHK Me.m,n;yHapo}];HOÎÎ p,e3Hll», ÔbIJI RaK MO.ïKBO cxope'e nepe
JIH·T Il (<1:JTû6hI Il3 ner,o 6hlJIH O
· TJI'llTbl IIOCJ18;:J;HIIe nyIIIKH, KOTüphle JIIOCJiyïRaT
B IIOCJ1'8}];Hen. BOHHC HarpO)l;üB npoTHB llX rroc.rre,D;HHX TIIpaHOB>) 264.
<<Procès de la Commune. Paris, {1871], p. 58-59.
<<Le Père Duchêne>>, 25 germinal an 79 (14 avril 1871), p. 1-5.
260 <<La Commune>>, 19 avril 1871.
261 F . D e s cha mp s. Oraison funèbre à la mémoire des gardes nationaux morts
pour la République. Monument commémoratif élevé à leur gloire place Vendôme, en
remplacement de la Colonne. Paris, {1871, mai].
262 <<L
e Mot d'Ordre>>, 17 mai 11871
263 <<La Commune>>, 17 mai 1871.
254 Ibid., 1 mai 1871.
258
259
491
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p;·eKpeTa, IIOJiyqaJI aHO.HHMHbie IIHCbMa, B KOTQPLIX JIIO,IJ;B, Ha3bIBaBmHe C00.1:l
(<'B·eTepaH.aMH U0.;'IHROÜ apMHH>), yrpoma.. TIIeMy pacnpaBOH.
,IlpoBe,lJ;leHHe B iKH3Hh )l;eRpeTa 3aTHHYJIOCb no Tex.Hll1I0CKHM Il!pHq,HHaM 265•
16 Ma.H ,JJ;eRpeT RoMMYHhI 6hl;r rrpBBep;eH B HCIIOJIHeHire B IF(}H-CY'fCTBllH M'Horo
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Bepmepe, Mno II PaHBhe. <<;r:(o eux nop,- 3aHBHJI M'llo nop; anno)J;HCMetHThl npH
cyroTBYIOID;HX,- npe,IJ;YieTOM Hamero rae:sa 6LIJIH BeJIJ;ll, HO 6.inI31l"re.1:l cpoR
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ID;YJOC.H paa}];aBIITh Hac>>. To me cima.aJI B cBoeii peqn PaHBLe 266•
Ha cJie)l;yrorn;nft ;J;eHh B «Journal offi.ciel» ffoMMYHLI noHBHJia<�b Œa-PLH,
pa3'b.HC:HHBilla.H IIpHHIJ;JiilliaJibHOe 3Ha1IeHHe 3TOro aKT-3.. 8 .cTa'Tbe ocym)J;a.JJaCL
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m.r p;eTeË: uapo,n;a>>. <<IlycTb Ra.m;:i;Mii TBepp;o 3HaeT,- roBOp.HJIOCh B aroii:
CTaTLe,- KOJ.IOHHhl, ROTOphie B03;::t;BlITH0T RoMMyBa, HHKOrp;a He n;pocJiaB.HT
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HOBaHa B Mem,n;ynaipo)l;nyro.
8To 6hlJI CM€JlhlH paap1,rn C MHJIB'Tapll8M'OM H illOB'lIHH3MOM 268•
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BC0M, q'J'Q HaTIOMHHaJIO O 6oHanapTH.CTC1WH peaKn;HH, HeRor,n;a ;n;ymu:pmeii:
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ocTaHR'lI HarroJieoHa B ,il;oMe IIHBa.JIH,n;oB, a Tam«e nepe.HMeHoB-aTI» y.rrar:i;y Bona
napTa H yJI:o:·n;y MopHH ( CBO�HhIH opaT HanoJieOHa III) 269• CJie;zye-r p;ooaBHTL,
qTo npeAJ}omeHne nepeHMeHoBaTL yJinn;y Bo.HanaJ)Ta 6LIJIO BHeceao e�e Ba
aaoe)J;aJHlllI RoM,MyHLI 20 arrpe.Jia O)J;HHM H3 ee qneuoB (EJumme) ; wro npe�o
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ROB HairroJieoaa TpeooBaJia n raaeTa «Père Du.chêne», yxa3hlBaBma.a aa To,
1ITO rpOÔHHI:i;a Hano:.ceoHa B ;r:(oMe JI'HBaJIHJJ,OB HCIIOJib3yero..H pea�n;HoHepaMH
B uponaraHAJICTCRHX n;e:rn:x - ;l;JIH B03B0JI»qeHH.1:l JIH1IHOCTII 6LJBmero
1umeipaTOpa.
8To npe,1+,"IOiIŒ'HI1e He 6hl:IO npoBe)l;eHo B mH3Hb.
dlpOTOKOJILI», T. II, CTp. 72-73.
266 L. D e s c av e s. La Colonne. Paris, s. a., p. 4�--430.
267 «Journal officiel», 17 mai 1871.
268 B
1875 r. peaKIJ,HOHHOe npaBHTeJILCTBO Mapmana MaK-MaroHa, 6Lrnmero B TOT
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269 «Le Vengeur>>, 212 mai 1871.
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270 tilpOTOKOJILI», T. 1, CTp. 237.
265
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271 <<iilpOTOKOJILI», T. J, CTp, 391.
<<Journal officiel», 6 mai 1871.
tLa Sociale», 25 avril 1871.
274 «Le Vengeur», 28 avril 1871.
2 75 «Le Père Duchêne>>, 30 floréal an 79 ( 18 mai 1871), p. 1--4.
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I, CTp. 201.
«L'Estafette», 9 mai 1871.
«Le Vengeur», 12 mai 1871.
«Journal officiel», 9 mai 1871.
M. V u i 11 au m e. Op. cit., p. 256.
<<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 19 mai 1871.
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Ha :K,OM JI·e.ïRB.T no;rnaH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh, HYiRHa a6cOJIIOTHaH BJiaCTL». lJJieHhl
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Te�e oo�eCTBeHHoro cnaceHBH ffo101yna nepiep_aJJa eMy BcIO BJiaeTb HaA p;eJie
ra�HHiMH H KOMHCCH.HMH 283•
Ha CJie,n;yronwii: ,n;eHb nypae, OJIH3KO CTOHBIDHH R rpynne HOO.SII<06HHD;-0B,
6hlJI 3aMeBen na IIOCTY ,n;e:ieraTa o6m;ecTB0HHOÏI 6eaorracn:OCTH 6JiaHKHCT-OM
<I>eppe, KOTO-phlH IIOJIL30BaZICH perryTa�eii: TBep.n;oro K penmTeJibHOro 11eJIOBe
Ka 284. B ro .me BipeMH rrpy.D;üHHCT BepMopeJib 6Mn BLIBe.n;en na COOTaBa RoM.11c
cnn o6m;ecTBeHHOiî 6e3ona CH{>CTH, a npy,n;onncT Jlonre aaMeHeH Ha nocTy rnaB
Horo pep;aRTopa <<Journal officiel» 6JIH3KHM R 6.rraHKHCTaM BeaHHM� 285• 15 MaH
Ko:M1f'l'eT ,o6m;iecTBeHHor-o crraceHHH cMeRHJI oocn cocraB Boe.1m:oi ROMHCCHB,
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1
2a2 «IIpoTOKOJILI>>, T. II, cTp. 2ï5.
283 TaM me, cTp. 276-278.
28" «J ournal officiel», 14 mai 1871.
285 Ibidem.
496
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Co:u;:aa.rr:r:.HaH peicrry6Jnnm!
ap;paBCTByeT KoMMyua!» 287•
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na
28 6
287
«Journal officiel», 16 mai 1871.
G. Le fr a n ç ai s. Op. cit. Appendice, p. 58-00 (Pièces justificatives, .N2 XXIV).
32 IIapIDRCl<aR HoMMyea. T. 1
497
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MyHa J » 288.
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18 MapTa» 290•
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288 «Le Cri du Peuple>>, 1ï mai 18ï 1.
2s9 B. Ma 1 on. Op. cit., p. 318.
290 «Le Cri du Peuple)), 1 ï mai 1871.
498
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OCTaJIHCh B
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<l>.
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291
P rocès de la Commune. Compte-rendu des débats du Conseil de guerre. Paris,
rt871], p. 86.
32*
499
n;e:ÜCTBHH, KOTOfPhle COBefIHIIH.ITa RoMMyHa, H peBOJIIOrt;HH 1871 r. 38KOIJllllJiaCb
Obi 'lie KtpoBaooii ;peaHen, a corJiameH1IeM c BepcaJieM, ye-TynKaMH c ero cTo
po.H.hl 292.
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pe,n;alM'OpOM ROTOporo 6hIJI rrocTaB MaipoTO,- OT;:(0.iîHThCH 01' ltOMMYBhl, yRJIO
HH'TbCH OT OTB0'T•CTB0HHOC'l'H aa ee ;r,;eiicTBHH, He Il0�1IB.HHTI.CH BOJie 6oJibIDHH
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MHe.ru1.10, OHH ,D;-OJiiKHhI 6hIJIH 6bl BepifYTbCH TyJ);a B Ka"tJeCTBe o6BHBHeMLIX,. 293.
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raaeTa <<Père Duchêne». B -crari,;e, orry6.mIKoBaRHoii 17 MaH, aTa raae-ra o6py
mHBaJia-cb na rrpe;:i;cTaBHTeJieii OIIII03HIJ;HOHHOH rpy.nIIL1 C KpaiiHe pe3KHMII Ha
rra,n;RaMH, Ha3hIBaJia IIX <<TpycaMH>), «Hero;u;HH:mn>, «Metpaam:i;aMHl), OOBHBHJia
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H pacc- TpeJia 294.
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CHJ:IhI H no;u;pMBaIOT ycrremHOCTI, 6opb6hlt 295. B ,n;pyro:M HOMepe Ta me raaeTa
o6BHHHJla U'J)O'THBHHI\OB <<60JibilllLHCTBa» B «RHAJ:IBH,AyaJIH3M:et, «ar.craaMel),
�eHTpOOOiRHbIX CTJ)8MJI,eHHHX 1I rrpep;JiaraJia 11pe;i;'LHBHTb CM0BbIDHBCTBY) Tpe60BaHHe «B03BpaTHTbCH Ha CBOH Cli8Mbll HJIH no�aTb B OTCTRBKy, B'3.8Tb Ha8a)J;
-CBOH MaiHH<pecT IIJI..H 3aII!pOC1ITI, MHeIDIH CBOIIX H36npaTeJieii• 200•
raaeTLi, lia,ri;aBaBmH·ecH cwpoH!HIIKa'MH «MeHblIIlIRCTB�u, no-paanoMy 0Tnec
n1ie.1, :n -ero ,n;eKJiapan;HiI. <<Le Cri du Peuple• B cTaTbe IlLepa ,l(eHH o;:,;06p11..,:
11;eicT,BH.fl «MeHbillHHCTBa>> aa 'l'O, "ITO OHO He IlOIIlJIO Ha paCKOH, •Ha ROTOphli
pacc"tJMTLIBaJIH BepcaJThIJ;hl, He IlOpBaJIO C c6onJdlllfflC'fflOMt, -HO penmno rreipe
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HhlM, oHo c "tJOCThIO uocJiyïKHT IIapHmy H Pecny6JIH:ne»,- 8aHB.nm1a raae-ra
BaJIJieca 297.
raae-ra <<La Commune>>, r,n;e rJiamiyro ·poJu, unpaJI K3BeCTIDili npyµ;œ11cT
c1œ:ii ny6JIH�HCT lliopm ,D;rome.n, ocym,n;aJia IlOCTYilOK «MeHbWHHCTBat, HO !Be
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B napJiaMeHTapH3M? lJro -3TO Ta:noe? HHTeJIJIHf0HTHOO MeJlbillHHOTBO yJJ;aJIHeTCH
G. L e fr ança is. Op. cit. Appendice, p. 40-41; (Calcul sur le déplacement possible de la majorité de la Commune).
293 «Le Salut public», 16 mai 1871.
294 «Le Père Duchêne», 28 floréal, an 79 (17 mai 1871).
295 «Le Vengeur>>, 17 mai 1871.
29G «Le Vengeur», 20 mai 1871.
297 «Le Cri du Peuple>>, 17 mai 18ï 1.
292
500
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l'"toM.Myne MaJioH, 1·aKme npHHa,n:JieiRaBm11ü K <<M1eHhIDHHCTBy>>. ApHy, RpoMe
Toro, BLIHym�eH :rrp.H3Ha Tb, 'CJ:TO OC,J.[JI (< KpHTHKa ueHbill.HHC TB a 6:r:,rJia orrpa,ne-,rr;
JI.HBa», 4ro. Hep;ocTaTOR y Hero (<IIO.:-IOïKHTeJibHO:Ü HHHD;HaTIIBhl>} npon3BO-;:J;H;I
BOCl>'Ma OTpH�aTeJihHOe BiletJ:aTJieHHe B �raccax 300•
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Omoa:peBBe
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301
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6ypmya3.Haa upe,coa or�aBa.;ia rrpeµ;notJ:reane <<MeHbDIHHCTBy>>. <<fipynrra, nrpe,a;
CTa'BJIHIOru;a.a û03Ha'I"eJlh'HOCTb, pa3yMee'I"CH, OTHOC!HT8JihBYIO CQ3HaTeJihHOC1'h,
3Ta rpynrra oqa�aeT MeiC'TO ,!I;JIH .q>aHaTHROB, ):l;JUI 6e3yM�eB»,- UHCaJia ra3eTa
«Avenir national» 302• Ta me raaera rrpnxo,n;HJia R BhIBo,n;y, qro «It-oMMyHa
uepooTaJia cym;•eC1TBOBa<Tb, IIOCRO.J:hKY ee q:acneHHhIH COCTaB Teneph .He):J;OCTa
T040H, 'llTOOhI oHa Mor.rra 3aceAaTh>> 303. ra3eTa <<La Vérité>>, n,pnBeTcTBy1l
<<La Commune>>, 18 mai 1871.
«Le Salut public>>, 18 mai 1871.
A. Ar n o u 1 d. Histoire populaire et parlementaire de ]a Commune de Paris.
Bruxelles, 1878, t. II, p. 108-109.
301 C. Mendès. Op. cit., p. 281-282.
302 <<L'Avenir national», 16 mai 1871.
3 03 «L'Avenir national», 17 mai 1871.
2
98
299
300
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HhI0 cnophl Ha aace',ll;aHHII RoMMYHhl. ToH aa.a;aJI 6J1u:sxHii K neoHKOOHH�aM I1ac
RaJI1> fpyoce. ÜH BhlCTYIIHJI ,c 60JI1>mo:ü peq1>10, B KOTOpo:ü: pe3RO KpHTHROBa.J.I
ll031[[l;l:IIO qJIOOOB <<MeHhillHHCTBa>> H BhlpamaJI YAHBJ1-0HHe no IlOBop;y JIBKH
MHor11x na HBX Ha aace,n:aHn:,e. <<H xore:i 6hl npem,I(e nœro aHaTL,- CRaaaJI
fpycce,- HBJIHeTCH JIH IIX npncyTCTBHe cpe;:i;H Hac OTKa30M 0T npHCKOpôHoro
aR'Ta, B KOTOpoM OHH IlOBHHHhl; H6o H He ,n;orryeKaIO, qTOOhl :U:0KOTOpLie H3 lJJ.Ie304 «La Verité>>, 18 mai 1871.
aos «Le Républicain>>, 19 mai 1871.
306 «La Constitution politique et sociale», 20 mai 1871.
307 Ibid., 21 mai 1871.
sœ M. Vu i 11 a u me. Op. cit., t IX, p. 105-107 (Lettres et témoignages).
502
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313 dlpOTOKOJILI)), T, II, CTp. 303-304.
505·
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ma.rro ]I,0:Ü:CTBHT0JlhHOCTh. B IIHCh�ie, a�pecoBaHHOM 9 MaH B 'Pe;IJ,aKJ\H.10 «Jour
nal officiel», <l>panReJih 3aHBJIH.;r, qro ne CJlhlilla.JI .aTHX CJIOB, «orophle npoTo
ROJI BJlaraeT B ycTa Ilpe,a;ce}:J;aTe.i:IH, Il lJTO eCJI:H 61,1 OHH 6hlJIH CRa8aHhl, OH
HeMe;a;JieHHO onpoTeCTOBaJI fü.i HX. «H IIIPHHHMaIO Ha ce6JI,- II:HCaJI on,
BCIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb aa CBOH ,a;e:Ü:CTBHH H CJIOBa, HO TJpe6yro IIOJIHeimero
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B3fJIHJJ;aX Ha nyT:11 H cpe,a;CTBa, no HeJih3H ,a;onycRaT:E, paCHOJia B MOM0HT OTia
CHOCTH» 316•
Ilon,oo.rvi IITOrH ocrphBf cnopaM, Rorophle pa.aBepayJIHCL na aace,u;aBHH RoM
MYHhl 17 MaH, •IIPHXO;:I;HTCH npll3HaTh, lI TO IIOllhlTKH 'IlplIMHpeHHH BpaiR;J,yIOID;lIX
npynn�oBoR He yneH11a.auc1, ycnexoM. Peam::,;HOHHaH raaeTa «Le Pirate» e
Y�OBJieTBopenHeM OTM81Ia:.ra, 'IJTO pe30.TIIOD;HH nopm::,;aHHH «MeHI,IWI.HCTBat, np.a,,.,
HHTaH Ha 3TOM 3a,ce,n;aHHH, ne Ta:noBa, lJTO'Ohl
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CHe B n-e;a;pax RoM...'1YHhl>> •
PeaoJIIOIJ,'HOHHaH rrpeoca rotpJPiü IIpH3hIBaJia K eAHJICTBY B pH,u;ax HoMMyHLI,
R CilJloq,eH],JIO ucex C.HJI )J;.71.H 6oph6hl IlpoTHB YCHJIHBarom;erocJI tHaTHCKa nepca.ab
C�IIX noncK YRaa1,rnaH na TO, qTo <rnepca.rrbCK41e ;paa6oimmœ .naxowiros B
500 MeTpax>> oT BHeIIIHHx yRpen::reHH:Ü: Ilapm1m, pe,I(aRD;HJI raaeTI:J «Le Cri du
Peuple» aaKJIJIBaJia 11Jie:noB I{oMMYHhl npeKparnTo ace cnophl » «06".beAffll:HTh
B-Ce ycn:JIH.fl B 0;:I;HOlf OOIQBM ycH.1]l1D)' C TeM qTo6hl 6oiîn;hl MOfJIB 11,IJ;TH B 6oii
«no;a; o�HHM a.naMeJieM, pyRa 06 pyRy>>. «Bo •RMH o6m;ecTBeHHoro cnaceHHH 6y
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n;eHoi, a ary no6eµ;y IlapHmc1-mH noMMyaa 06.aaaHa o6eeneqHrh repo1111ecK0My
napo.r:,;y, HOTOphlÜ ,IJ;OBe<pHJI eii: cnae-eHJŒ peBO:IIOD;l:JlU 318.
3l4 dlpoToxom,u, T. II, cTp. 306-307.
3l5 TaM me, T. II, cTp. 309.
st6 «Journal officiel», 20 mai 1871.
a1 1 ,Le Pirate>>, 20 mai 1871.
818 ,Le Cri du Peuple>>, 19 mai 1871.
506
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nanne 6yp.myaano:ü: rrpecc1,1 o nepeBhl6opax RoMMYHhI. fJiaBnhlii pe,n;aKTOp
npy,n;OHHCTCKOH raaeTbl «La Commune» Û,Il;HJIOH ,UeJIHMaJib ony6JIHROBaJI 17
Ma.11 CTaTLIO, r,n;e yTBepm,n;aJI, 'l!TO CTOHT TOJihKO HoMMyHe 3a.HBHTh O CBOeM co
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1
<<Père Duchêne», 219 floréal, an 7i9 ( 18 mai 1871).
«Le Prolétaire. Organe des revendications sociales
19 mai 1871.
821 tLa Commune», 17 mai 1871.
322 «La Commune,. 19 mai 1871.
319
326
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323
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aa '(opn<eCTBO BeJIHRoro µ,eJia, aam;am,aeMoro KOMMYHapaMB Ilapuma, H no
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MYHW» 325.
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IIIeHllll K 6oph6e TeqenHii B noM1ryne em;e µ;o peme1111H <l>ep;epaJILHoro coBeTa.
«Journal officiel», 20 mai 1871.
325 «1ournal officiel», 24 mai 1871. HeKoropI.Ie napumcrurn raaeTLI nane1:i:aTaJIB OT'leT
06 ;:)TOM aace�amrn: <l>e)];epaJibHOfO COBeTa H T0KCT npBHJJTOB HK peaoJIIO:ql!H yme 21 Ka.R.
32•
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a,rl;M11HlICTpa TûpbI, MbI )J;OJIIBHbI npep;cTaBHTb BaM OT1I0T O HameM ynpaBJI8HII1H.
C aroro Mhl 11 Ha11HeM. H sa11rrraro naM ITHChM8HHbIH AOKJiaA, RûTOp1>1iî BBe)I.eT
Bac B Kypc rroJiomeH1u1 p;eJI B IV oRpyre» 327.
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qaTeJibHOro yKpermeHHH Pecrry6JIHRH, ôROHOMHqecRoro rrpeo6pa3oBaHHH, rrpn
KOTOPOM Tpy,n; CTaHeT BCeM, lI OROH11aTeJibHOf0 HH3BepmeHHH Tex, RTO rrpo
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B crroco6e orrpegeJieHHH cpe,D;CTB, KOTOphle i'];OJiiKHhI 61,1Tb rrpHMeHOHbI ,IJ;JI.H p;o
CTHHWHIIH o6m;eii n;eJIH» 328• 06':bHCHH.H BhlCTyrr:reHHe <<M0HhIIIHHCTBa>> rrpOTHB
C03AaH:e:H I\OMHTeTa o6mecTBellltoro cnaCOHMH, JiecppaHca CCbIJiaJIC.H Ha TO,
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npHHal];Jiemarqyro nceü: c-oBoRyrrHOCTH 1rn6HpaTeJie:ii, irn1rnMy-JI1r60 ApyroMy
opraHy. RpHTHKYH l];eiicTBH.H RoMnTeTa o6m;ecTB0HHoro crraceHHH 11 yTnep
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lliHH>). <<11TaR,- 3aKoHqJIJI OH,- eCJIII MhI IIOAIIHCaJIH 3TOT MaHn<peCT, TO·
TOJibIW ,U,JIH Toro, qTo6hl OTHbIHe 1rn6emaTb BCHROH 6eCIIJIOJ];HOH II, 6hlTh MOïR0T'
nary6HOH 6opb6hl B RoMMyHe, rr6o, rrprr;:i;ep.mHBaJICI, COBepmeHHO HHhlX
B3fJIHJJ;OB na crrocoohl p;eiicTBHH, MLI ne MomeM He B036yp;HTb PHA 6ecrronea
HhIX crropon; CJI8JJ;OBaTeJihHO, HaM Jiy11me yl];aJIHThC.H •.. Ho MbI He OTCTyrraei..r
C IIOJUI 6oH, KaR 8TO ronopHJI:O:... MbI He Ha,..rnpeHbI ymIOHJITbCH OT IIOCJiep;
CTBHH nopameHHH, ecmr, no HeC'CJacThIO, HoMMyHa ua,u;eT B 6op1,,6e>> 329 •
3TH CJIOBa 6hlJIH BCTpe1I8HhI arrJIO;::J;HCMeHTaMH npHCYTCTByrom;rrx. AIIJIO
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1
1
1
G. Le français. Etude su r le mouvement communaliste à Paris en 1871,
p. 305-306.
326
327 (<IlpOTOKOJI&I», T. II, CTp. 371 (Ilpn.rromemrn h np0T0K0JIY 3acep;aHfüI
328 TaM .me, T. II, CTp. 372-373.
3 29 TaM me, T. II, CTp. 373-375.
21 MaH).
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1mcaeTCH M8HH, TO C Toro ,D;HH, KaK H BCTYIIHJI B 6op1>6y, H MhICJlllJI CJie,n;yro
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ID;HXCH OT HHID;eTbl II rrp»HeceT B03po.m;a;en»e CTpaHe. «MLl B0pHeMCH Ha CBOH
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qTo MeHhIDHHCTBO ,Jl;OJl7KHO BCer)];a IlOp;'IHHHTl>CH 60JihillHHCTBy. CJiep;oBaT8JlhHO,
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MaroMeT II» 33 2•
18
ruryo,
330 «IIpoTOKOJILn, T. II, cTp. 375.
sa1 «IIporoKOJILI>>, T. II, cTp. 376-377.
332 TaH .me, T. II, CTp. 378 .
.512
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nOJIJierH no MopMH IV oKpyra BhIIIOJIHH.'IH Bce pacrropHmeHHH RoMJITeTa o6�eCTB0HHoro cnaceHHH, Ha:KOHeo;, 1ITO BhICTYII.!IeHHe <<M8HhllIHHCTBa» He npH
qHHHJIO HlŒa1wro ym;ep6a ,r,;eJiy o6oponhI IIapHma. CHoBa BhICTyllHBIDHH
AMypy aaJIBM.11, 1ITO B OCHOBHOM Bonpoce cpe,rv1 "IJ.'IeHOB I-,oMMYHhI cym;eCTByeT
IIO.JIHoe ep;UHCTBO. <<Mhl npe;ri;JiaraeM,- Cna3àJI OH,- OTJIOil{IITh npeHHJI, a KO
r,;::i;a IIOHa,U:1()0.H'l'CH, MLI BMOCTe IIOH,.eM B 6ott Oa:\H>L\1 HCKp0HHlL\1 o6pa3'0M, py:Ka
06 pyRy - Bo HMH cnaceH1u1 Pecny6.'lnnn>> 333 . 8TH c,ïoBa 6bl.'IH nctpe11eJihl
ropH'IHMH anJIO�HCMeHTaMn.
<<Bce, MLI ;D;OJilliHhl BhlCTyIIaTb, :nan O,Il;HH 11e:IOBl'n, O,iJ;HH 3a BCex, BCe aa
owioro,- l'OBOpHJI 1IJieH KOMMyHaJ1hHOli IWMMCCIIH lY o:npyra .r(roBaJib.
IIo::noMy H npep:�'Iomy co6paHllIO Bh1Cn338Tb IIYT-211 roaocoBaHUH IIOil<eJiaHHe
"L[JieHaM MeHbIDHHCTBa, 11T06hI OHJI ofr1>eAIIHJI.ïHCh C 60."IhillliHCTBOM>) 334•
BHOBb B3HB C!IOBO, AMypy pa3'bHCHH.1, l!TO, C03j];UBfül E.o:\llITeT o6m;eCTBeH
HOfO crraceHHH, <<60JII::.illHHCTB0>) RoMMyHhI <<XOT('.ïO o6pa3oBaTh o;eHTpa.11hHOe
rrpaBHTeJibCTBO, COCTOHIIJ;eü II3 pemnTe.!IbHhIX .1mp;eiL nOTOp1>1e �fOfJIH 61>1 TBep
;:i;oft pyKoü rrp11H1nrnT1, ca:vr1>1e 3Heipn1 1Inh!e 1œpbI». ,UoF.a:n,rnaH rre-o6xo;un,rocTh
perrpecc1n1 npOTHB nOHTppeBOJIIOIJ;HOHepoB, AMypy B03pama:.r npoTMB 3aHBJie
HlfH op:Horo 113 npttcyTCTBYIOIIl;HX { lllaMoHa) , 'ITO He C.ïe�yer Ra3HHT.b 3aJiom
HHnOB. <<l"tor)];a Ha nac Hanap;aeT Jien, nhl u;epe�rn1-1nrech c HHM? EcJIH B Bac
BUHBaeTCH rap;IOKa, Bhl npOTHrJIBaeTe eii IIHTny? Pa3Be BbI He aam;m1,aeTech?
Ha BepcaJibCKHe 8JIO;D;eHHHH Bhl ,D;O.:rllliHhI OTfleTIITh C8:\IhnI peIIIHTe.JlhRhIM 06paaoMt. .r(an :npaTKHH o6aop HCTOpnH ct>paHIUIH, Ha'IUHaH c penOJIIOIJ;HH
·J 789-1794 rr. 11 nOHlfa.a BTopoiî HM11ep11t-' Ü, AMypy IIO;:l,liepnHy,1, l!TO Ha npo
THifŒHHH Bcero 3TOro nepHop;a HapO,UHfdC MaCChI Hec:nr orpO'.\IHhie mepTBhl
B peayJIE.TaTe ROHTppeBOJIIOU:HOHHhlX rrepenopOTOB H aaxBaTITJl'IeCRHX BOHH.
<<A Tenep1,,- noc1urn:KHy.rr on,- cocq1naihe nŒpTBht! B ceHTH6phcR11e p;nn.
B TIOpbMax 11axo;ri;HJIOCh ll.HTI, ThICHlf mepTB. a C}{û:Ih.h'.0 .n�epTB norrec napOA
c 93 rop;a? Eœiee IIHTH MH:IJJHOHOB! Momtto :111 noc.ïe :3Toro ynpenaTh Hapop;
B TOM, .'ITO OH pacnpaBHJICH B CBoe BpCMH C :ny11Koii MOHapXIICTOB, H MOlliHO :IH
3anpeTJITI, eMy KapaTb BparoB!?» Coo6m;1rn, lfTO OH npucyTCTBOBaJI npH pac
CTpene O]];Horo npeAaTeJI.H na q>ponTe. Aliypy npn3Ha.TJCH, lITo on co.maJieeT
TOJl.bRO 06 OgHOM - l!TO TRM He 6hI.'IO Tr,epa H nO�IIIaIIUII JI 11TO OHJI ne nop;
noprJIHCh TOH me yqacTH 335 •
3TH C:IOBa Bb13B3JIH npop;OJiiKHTe.'lhHhie aII.TJO;J;IIC11€JIThl. ApHy 3füIBH.'l, lfTO
«MeHbllIHH,CT'BO)), TaR me Ra1R II «60.!lhIDHiHCTBO>)' X01I'eT «Topmœrna cnp.aoo,r,;JIH
BOCTH, TOpmecTBa p;eMOKp3TH1I9CIWH TT con:n:a.;rhHOÏI peBO.'IIOI.J;HH>>, 11TO Heaa-qeM
rrpH3hlB3Th "L[JieHOB «MeHhIDHHCTB8>) n 06oe,::J;IIH€HHIO C 'I.ïeHaMII <<60JihillHH
CTBa>>, HOO nepBhie H He AYM8.TIH OTp;eJIHThCH OT BTOpbIX. 'ITO <OŒHbllIHHCTBO>)
OCT8HeTCH nepHhIM RoMMyHe «AO caMoii CMepTH>).
qJieH D;eHTpaJihHoro KOMHTeTa Hao;HoHaJihHoft rnap;i;un Ilo.111, Ilna noTpe6onaJI, tJ:TOOhl <<MeHhillHHCTBO)} aaHBH.10 B raaeTax O T01I, tITO -OHO 6epeT Ha3a;i;
CBOIO p;eKJiapan;IIIO. <<IlpH püHJIHCTCROM npaBHTe.1IhCTBe, .n;ame rrpH npocTO pec
rry6JIHnaHCKOM npaBHTeJibCTBe,- CRa3aJI OH,- MoIBeT cy�eCTBOBaT.b 6oJih
mHHCTBO li MeHhllil-IHCTBO, IIOTOMY 1ITO BCe rrapTHH <''mepHH1IaIOT MeïRAY co6010...>>. Ho IlapHmcnaH noMMyHa p;oJim1-rn fü,ITh eAHHOiî. Cnoro peqh IIoJJh
Ilna aaIWHlfllJI coo6ro;en1rnM O HeIIOJiap;Rax B BOeHHOM BeAOMCTBe, IIOCTaBHB
333 TaM me, T. II, CTp. 379.
33-4 TaM me, T. II, CTp. 380.
335 TaM me, T. II, cTp. 381-382.
33 UapnmcHafl HoMMyRa. T. I
513
HX B BHHY fü,rnrneü BoenHOÜ nOMIICCIIII, B IWTOpon: npeofü:raJi;a.uu qJieHbJ
<<MeHhIJHIHCTBa>>; ou p;ofürnn.1, l!TO noc:re Toro, Kan l"\OMHT0T o6m;eCTBeHHOH),
cnaceHHH o6nomr:r COCTaB 3TO{r nOMlICClIH H QeHTpa.lhHhlH ROMHTeT IlOJ1yq11:r
neo6xop;nMhie no:IH0::\10"9:IUI A.lH PYEOBO;J;CTBa BOeHHhDIII p;eJiaMH, IlO:IOifieHUC
B BüeHH·Q).1 )UfHIICTe;pCTBe y:IylllllII::IOCh .
.L(roBaJII, noµ; OAo6pnTC:IbHhie B03r:raChI npncyTCTBYIOrrt;llX npep;JIOinlI::I,
YIT061,1 H36HpaT•2:n1 IY or-.pyra rryTC::\I ro:rncoBaHHH orrpe)J;eJIJIJill cnoe OTHome
HHe K IIOB0JI.8IJJIIO CBOIIX rrpe,:::i;cTaBUTe:reii B hO)n.IyHe Il np113Ba;rn: 4JHrnOB
«�ŒHhIUHHCTBa>> B03Hpa 111r1>cn B l �01nryny. Ha 3TO ltJiel-IaHc aaHBHJI, "IITO
;:J;-OJir <<.�teIIhllilfHCTBa>> - Cn."10HUThCH nepe,:::i; BOJ!eii <<ÔOJihill'lIHCTBa>>, HO ;:\OOa
BlIJI, lITO (OICHhllUIHCTBO ►) ;:::i;o.1amo coxpaHIITh aa co6oü <<npaBO aam;nm;aTh TO,
lfl'O 'OHO ,c"lnuaeT npaBJI,TbHhDI, -crrpane,:J;:LHBhDI». 8TH CJlOBa OhIJIH OCTJ}e"l!eHl>l
o,u;o6pnTe:IhHIL\III B03r.1aca::\1n n anao;-i;nornHTa:Mn. lliepap)J;eH cor.Tiacn:rcH
c l\Jie:Ma'HcO::\r. ApHy saHnu.-1, qTo OH oxor.no nepHe'l'CH B no::\I.MYHY, n.o npn yc:io-
BJUI, trTo rrponcxo,rvrru;ne Ha 3ace,:::i;anru1x no:-in.1yHhI npemur ( aa n:c:n.rrIO"lfeHHe::\I
npeHH:Ü no BOl'HHbIM BOnpoca:\I) 6y;:i;yT llO:.IHOCTbIO IWl!aTaTbCH n ee ocfm:u;u
aJibHO:Ü ra3eTe.
IIpeJI,:IOilWHIIü ;::{IOBa::rn: C ;:i;ooan.1eHHe:..\I ApHy 6hl:IO IIOCTaBJieHO Ha ro.i:oco
BaHIIe II rrprrHHTO BCe)III ro.-ioca�III, 3a nc:n:r10qeHHe:.\I O)J;HOrO. ÛHO rJiacn.10:
<<Co6paI-Ine :ns6upaTe.--reü IY 01-�pyra, ne p;e:rau HH �rn.i:e:ürnero ynpeEa cnonlI
upeACTaBIITC'.i:H::\l, IIi}HI3hIBaeT ux BilOBh 3aHHTb CBOII ::\IeCTa B h'.01tnt:yHe II BhI
CI{a3hIBaeT lIOIBe:1a1-nre, 1ITOOhI 3ace:i:amw Ohl.:UI r.1aCHhDHI, C Telr, 4T00bI l{a
IBAhIÏ1 HeC 0TB8TCTBeHIIOCTh 3a CBOII c.-10Ba>>.
Co61pauue 3a:n:phi.-roc1, B rro.-rno-1.Ib upn :npu:nax: «.l(a 3p;paBCTByeT no11MyHal>> 336• O :u;eHIIBaH IITOfll 3TOrO co6paHnH 1rn6npaTe.i:e:ü: O)J;HOro lI3 napnlli
CI-ŒX o:npyroB, c::rep:.yeT cEa3aTb, 1ITO nplIHHThle HM pemeHHH COBIIa.JUI C, pe
IlleHIIHMH, npnHHTbIMII B TOT m:e ;.i;eHh <De;:i;epa:IbHhL\I COBeTOM lfHTepaa:u;no
HaJia. Coxpanenne e;.i;nucrna I�o::\DIYHLI u r::raCHOCTh ee aacep;aHIIÏI - TanOBhI
6hlJIII Tpe6oBaHHH, Bhl,J;BUI-IYThIC II Ta:.\I, u TyT.
IIo:rHoro npuM11pen1rn 11ea..;::i;y 06e:m,1u rpynn11pon:na11rr B I�oA-n1yHe Bce me
ne npoII301II.:IO. Paa1rnr.1acnH )Iem;:i;y HIDIII OOHapyïnH::I.HCh Il Ha ee IIOCJie)J;HeM
oqHUJ)Ha.rrhlHO)I 3ac,e;:i;aHIIII, IWropoe COCTOH:IOCI, 21 ::\IUJL Btt-emHe nOHq>JIJIKT :na3aJICJ{ y:rnmeHnbIM. IIpe,:::i;ce;-i;are.ïhCI-We )IeCTO 3aHIIMa:I npe;a;cTaBHT0Jib <<MeHb
IIIIIHCTBa>> Ba:i:iec, 1recro sa11ecnne.1H npep;ce;:i;aTeJIH - Ryp6e, Ta:Kme npn
Ha;a;JieamBIIIIIÏI n (OieHblIIIIIICTBY>>. ÜT)ieqaH 8TO OOCTOJITe.1:U:,CTBO, ra3eTa «Le
Vengeur>> rruca.Trn 22 ::\IaH: << 11eHh IIIHHcrno l-to)uiyHhI, BHHB Myp;phnI ,c0Bera�1 ,.
a Ta:nme Ha:1rnsy cBonx ns611pare.1eii, oco6eHHO 1rn6upare.rrei IV oRpyra, BHOBh
3aHH:.r,o •CBOe )IeCTO Ha BlfepaIIIHe,)I 3ace,:::i;aHHII. Bo.ïhilllIHCTBO, qT06hl noorn;.pHTb
B03Bpa�enne 3TIIX 6.-1y;J;HbIX CbIHOB, ycrponao lIM paµ;ymHyIO BCTpeqy, H36pa:s
caMhlX Bhip;amru;uxcH 113 ttnx, rpam;:i;aHnHa llimJIH Ba.rr.ïeca li rpam)J;aHnna
Hyp6e, npeJI,cep;a re.1e::\I n sa11ecr11.re.-1e11 rrpe,r:i;ce)J;are::rn Co6paHHH>> 337.
0,n;Har-w, :norl].a Apny umpop:\Inpona.1 11aeHOB no:\n1y1n,1 o peso.rr10:u;IIn, npH
HHTOH Ha co6paHIIII us6npare::re:ü IY OI-{pyra, li no;:i;llep1rny:i npn arol1, 4TO co6paH11e Oll,o6pn:ro :nnrnm rrone;::i;ennH <OieHhillHHCTBa>>, XOTH II npe)J;JIOi-KB:Jo ero
lI.'leHaM B03BpaTIIThCH B I-�o:\nryHy na oupeµ;e::reHHhIX ycJIOBIIHX, AMypy 3aH
l:sHJI, "l!TO 3Ta nH<püp:\Iall,IIH nenepHa. <<H nporecTyIO ca:Mhl:M Rarerop11qecKH:\I
o6pa3oir,- cr.asa.1 A�1ypy.- 110TO:\IY qro ec.rru o)J;o6pu:rn ero, To, aHaqIIT, He
o,ri:o6ptt::rn �IeHH, n11c:nasanmerocH npornBono;iomHo TO:MY, o qeM ronopnJI OH».
nor,r:i;a Bap.rreH npe,;:i;.1oinn:1 aaHHThCH o6cymp;eHIIeM l].e.'Ia n:110aepe II no,n;qep1..HYJi t l.!TO HBil."ICH Ha sace;::i;aHne IDieHHO pa;.i;H 8TOfO )J;eJia, Jieo Me:ihe nocne
illll.Jl o;:i:epHyTh ero. 3aHBIIB: <<Te11 II3 Hamnx :no.;:i::rer, nOTOphle 3aHBIIJlll, 4TO
He meJiaIOT 60:Ihllie y-ciaCTBOBaTb I3 3aCC';I,aHIIHX, He c.i:e;a;oBaJio 61,r Taii HaBH3hI336 «IlpOTOl\0.'1bl1) T.
,
337
514
II, Cîp. 3S2--3S-t
<<Le Venguer>>, 22 mai 18ï1.
BaTb c.soID Ho.THO. EcJur h'.011MyHa ê'11naeT î-Iym1u,n1 o6cyIB,n;aTb ,n;pynrn npe,n;
JiomeHH:H, a He TO, KOTOpoe KacaeTC.H rpan<p;aHIIHa Iünosepe, TO OHa lIM00T
Ha 3TO IIOJIHoe IIjpano. Bo.1:bllilIHCTBO He ,r:t;O.TiffiHO or,n;aBaTI,CH BO BJia-CTb MeHh
IIIBHCTBy». PenJIHKa BapJieHa o npaBax <oreHbllIIIHCTBi't >> 61,1:rn 3arJiyrnena nog
HHBIDHMCH rnyMol\:I 338.
B TOT me ,r:i;eHh nepcaJihCKIIe Boiicna BroprJIUCh B Ilapnm. 'IJieHbI <<60JI1,
mHHCTBa>> II "l!.ï8Hbl (C\-18HhllIHHCTBa» - 3a e;:i;:rnu1qHI,DIJI IICRJIIOqeHHH1UI - C
wv1Ha.nOBhIM �1ymecrBo.M 3aru;nru;a.'In p;-e•.'IO I{mn.1yn1,1 n omecr-oqeHHhIX 6onx Ha
yJinu;ax Ilap11n-.:a, c OJlHHaRoBoii croii1wcr1,10 y�n�:pa:nr sa nero. Ho 6op1,6a re-cre
HHii B hOMMyHe, o6ycJIOB.;IeHHaH 'H80;r:J;HOpü:J:HOCTblO ee COCTaBa, II OTCYTCTBHe
peBO.;IIOIJ;H·ŒII-Iüii pa6oqe,Ü: '1Iaipnn1 no.n;opnamI npo-crHDCTh 1-;o�DI)'HhI II ycRopH:'IJI
ee rn6eJih.
11. MEPLI KOMMYHI,J no DEPECTP00:KE CYL(EBHOro AililAPATA
B HAqA,JIE II CEPEL(IIHE MA.H.
BOPLBA C DO,[J;PLIBHOR L(EHTE.JlhHOCThlO ROHTPPEBO�llOIJ;HOHEPOB
B IIAPHîKE
B
Mae npaBIITe."IbCTBO no:�.n.IyHhl 11 ee ,n;eJiera:u;i1H
IOCTHIJ;IIM npnHHJUI PHA Mep no ,n;aJibHeiîme:ü: nepe
crpo:Ü:Re cy,n;e6noro annapara.
4 MaH H'.oMMyHa 113,IJ;aJia ;a;enper 06 OTMeHe IlOJIH
TlflieCKOH H npoqrncCHOHa.11,noü: rrpncHrH 339• 8To 61,Ul
M8H:
HOBb1iî: mar Ha nyr:u pernnTe:r1,iioiî )J;eMoKpaT:n3a
a;HH rocy,n;apcTBeHHOfO CTpOH <DpaHD;HII. BoJibllIOe rrpnnu;nnHaJihHOe 3Ha-cre
H:Ue IIM8JIO IIpHHHTOe RoMMYHOH 17 l\IaH IIOCTaHOBJieHHe O TOM, ·1ITO HOTapnychl,
cyp;e6Hhle npRCTaBhl :u BCe Boo6rn;e cy,n;e6Hbie qllHOBHMKM ,n;oJIIBHbl, IIO npeJIJIO
meHHIO ;a;eJieraTa IOCTIID;llII, 6ecrr.rraTIIO conepruaTh TanIIe anTbl, IŒR 3aCBH,n;e• T0Jil,CTBOBaHHe ,n;apCTBeHHhlX 3arrn:ceîi: l\,Ie)R)l;Y JEIIBhDIII, oqiopMJI0H:Ue 3aBeru;a
lUIH, perMCTpau;HH YChlHOBJ10HHH, 6paqH:bIX )];OfOBOpOB II T. II. 340•
TaK KaK MHpOBhie cy,n;1,1-1 Ilapnma ne or:nJin1-rny.'Iuc1, Ha npH3hIB RoMnccnH
IOCTI'l:IJ;HH B0306HOBHTI, pa6ory II (<IIpHM€IUITb HOBhie npHHIJ;HIIbl, BHeceHHbie
B aaKOHOp;areJ:[bCTBO peBOJIIOIJ;Heiî 18 Mapra>>, a opraHnaar:vrn BbI6opOB HOBMX
cy,n;eiî B C03,[1;3BIIIeiicH TJ.ŒŒJIOH o6cTaHOBRe ORa3a:racb HBHO Heocyru;ecTBHMOH,
R'.OMHTeT o6m;ecTB0HHoro crraceH:UH (Ran paHhIIIe HcnO.'IHHT8JihHaH KOMIICCHH}
craJI Ba3HaqaTh Mnponnix cy,n;e:ü:. B l\Iae cy,n;1,n 61>IJ.In na3HatJ:eHM B I, II, III, IV.
X, XVII n XVIII oKpyrax. Cpe,n;n arux HOBbIX cyp;eiî 6hL:n1 JIIOAH pa3HhlX npo
<peccIIiî - cJiymam;ne, peMeCJI0HHHRH, HOTapnychI, aµ;BOKaTbl,- OTo6paHHnie no
npe,n;cTaB.JieHHIO KoMIICCIIH IOCTIIIJ;IUI II xoporno H3BCCTHhie B mHpOirn:x Kpyrax
naplURCROro naceJieHHH RaR y6em,n;eHHhie pecny6JIJIR3HIJ;hl H CTOHKHe .i:i;eMO
RpaThl. TaK, B IlOCTaHOBJieHHH O Ha3HalJ0HIBI MHpOBblM cy)].beii IV ORpyra ap;
BOJ(aTa BameJie yRa3hlBaJIOCh, qTo OH 6hIJI H3fH3H 113 <DpaHn;Hn B peayJibTan�
6ottarrapTHCTcRoro nepeBopoTa 2 ,n;eRa6pH 1851 r. 341 •
12 MaH KoMHTeT o6m;ecrneHHOfO cnaceHHH IIOCTaHOBII.TI nopyqHTI, ,n;eJieracy
10cTH1vur opraHH30BaT1, IlaJiary rpamp;aHc1wro cyp;a IIapnmcRoii RoMMYHhl,
ROTOpa.H )];OJIIB IIa 6hIJia 3aHHMaThCJI pacc:.\mTpeHHeM H€0T.;IOIBHI,IX rpamp;aHCKHX
,n;eJI. tleiiCTBYIOIIJ;ee cy,n;orrpOH3BO,)];CTBO OTM0HH.;J0Cb. Bce )].eJia ,IJ;OJiifŒbl 61,IJIH
B0CTIICb B ynporu,eHHOM nopH,n;Re; 3a OTCyTCTBIIeM IIOBepeHH.hlX lIX q>yHRIJ;HlI
MOfJIH :UCIIOJIHHTbCH cy,n;e6HI>IMH npHCTaBa:MH. Oco6a.H CTaThH YIŒ3hIBaJia, 'IJTO
(<CTOpOHaM pa3pernaeTCH caMHM BbICTyrraTb B 3ailI,HTY CBOHX HHTepecoB>) 342 .
Il,peµ;ce�are:1-e-11 IlaJiarbl 61>1:r HaaHalJeH a,=i;Bo:naT BoHEeH, HBJIHBIIIMiica Bo
Mepw KoMMyHw
no uepecrpo:ihm
cy�eottoro annapaTa
B oaqa�e H cepe�ette
338
339
•
«II pOTOKOJIJ,I»' T. II' CTp. 345-348.
<(Journal officiel», 5 mai 1871.
3 4o Ibid., 18 mai 1871.
341 <<Journal officiel» 3, 10, 12 mai 18ï 1.
4
:, .2 Ihid., 13 mai 187L
33*
51!5
, o,pa B Anpaume. Ila.1:ara p;oJIIB
npeMH p,enoJiron;HM 1848 r. 3a:\-recrMre:rn.M npoRyp
Ha ÔLIJia aace�an, ;(Ba paaa B He;:i;e.'IIO Bo }];nopn;e npaBocy.I{l:IH 343• Ila,n;e-HHe
H.O}L\1yHI,I noMernaJIO 81'01:IY opraay p
, aaBeipuyTL CBOIO J{6HTeJil,HOCT.b.
JloMaH cTapyro cyp;e6Hyro l\IalllHHY n: coa.n;aBaH HOBhle cy.n;e6uLie yqpem.n;e
HHH Ha RJiacc0B0-npo:rnTapc1wû ocHoBe, RoMMyHa pyRoBop;cTBOBaJiach CJI0AYIO
Ill;HMH IIO,IJ;JIIIHHO ,u;eMORpaTIPieCRIIMII npHHIJ;HllaMH: cy,u;, paBHhIH ,ll;JIH Bcex; Bhf6opHOCTh, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb If c:.\feHHe�IOCTh cy,u;e:ü; npep;e.11.bHhm MaRCHMYM aa
pa60THOH IlJiaTbI cy,u;e6HhIX qnHOBHHROB ( Ta1w:ü me, RaR H AJIH Bcex APYrlIX);
rrpenpam;eHHe Horapnycon, cy,u;e6HhIX npncranoB R ,11;pyr11x cy.n;eÔHhlX pa6oTHH
h'.OB H3 JIIH( cBo6oJJ,rroii npo<peccun. B rocyp;apcTBeHHhlX cnyma�nx; o6ecne-qe
HHe nrn:poh'.HX rapaHTIIii ,u;.1.H rrop;cy�IIMblX (B TO:M 'IllCJie CB06o,n;hl aa�HTLI);
rJiaCIIOCTb cyJJ,a; BHyrpeHHHH -y6ea,p;eIIHOCTb cyJI,e:Ü RaR RpHTep1rii npn on;eHRe
,11;01rnaaTeJihCTB; yrrpom;eHne n yp;eIIIeB.1eH1rn cyp;e6Horo npoa;ecca 344•
CJIJ,HaJIHCT Aro6peii.ïb B o'lepne ncropHn hOMMYHhl rrHmeT o «noJIHo:Ü pe
cpopMe IOpH�l!eCIWÜ: 1CI1•CTe:\Ibl <l>pam:v1H, 1-mropy10, IlO-BH,IJ;HMO'MY, 06�yMMBaJ1
IlpoTO>> 345• Pea:nu;110HHhlH HCTopIIn JlapoHa, Hao6opoT, cTapaeTCR ,11;01rnaaTh,
l!TO cyp;e6Hhl€ peq)OpMhI l-{ol\n.IyHhl uocn:rn BeChMa yMepeHHI.I:Ü: xapa:nTep, 11
rrponrnonocraB.ïReT ,n;e1ÏCTB1UI Ilporo ;::i;eiicTBHHM PHro 346• noneqHo, IlpoTo,
npHMhIRaBUIHÜ Ji npaBOlIY npbI:IY 6::raHKHCTOB, .n;e.ÜCTBOBaJI He BcerAa 1);OCTa
TO"qHO JIOCJie)IoBare:H,HO II peIIIHTe.'JbHO. Ho HaMe''IeHHhle H -qacT»lJHO ocym;e
CTBJieHHhle HM: npeo6pa30BaHIUI R cyp;e6Hoiî ofürncni BCe me BhlXOA.DJIH 38
paMKH 6ypmya3HOii IOIJII�J1qec1-.oii CHCTe:MhI, rrpHHD;HIIllaJibHO OTJIHqa�l:IC.b OT
Hee. <<ROMlICCJHI IOCTill{llll.- IlIIllleT COBeTCIŒ:Ü HCC�ep;oBaTeJI.b BamaHOB,
CTpe:MnJiaC.b, H HG 6ea ycrrexa. ycTaIIOBIITh pemHM CTporo.ü peB0.1IIOIJ;IIOHHO:Ü: 3a
nOHlHOCTH, rrpnnHTb irncca:\r yBaîReHne :n na)J;aBaeMMM Ila.pu>tt-icKo:ii RoMMYJIOH
�·eRperaM II{ UOCTa:HOB:IeHILJDI, Tpe6yH II
' X oo6JIIO�eIDIH .B'COOf•H :u: npemAe DC-ero
�OJiiHHOCTrHbL..\i1I :I.HD;alf.JI I�o:-.niyHhI � 'Hau;uoHaJihHhIMH PBap�e:iiu;aMn» 347•
Û)I HanO B ,D;CJITC.ïJ,JIOCTII h'.m,IIICCJUI IOCTHD;HH nOMMYHbI II p;e.rieraTa IOCTH
IJ;IUI IlpoTO Ifl\'[('JIIICb li JI('HOTüphlü cym;eCTBeHHhie He�OCTaTNH npBHD;HIHWJIJ,
Horo n: npaRTntrec1wro xapa:nTepa. Bo-nepBhIX, RoMMYHa nepeou;ea1rnaJia ana
-qeHHe ga:noHop;are.ïbHbIX a:nTOB u neµ,oou;em,rnaJia pemaro�ero 8Ha11eHBH aHo
noM111recR1HX l\Iep ,rt;.lJI IIOJ;aB.ïeJnu:r corrpOTJIB.1:ffRHH RORTppeBOJIIOQHOBepoB.
Bo-BTop1,1x, oHa rrpn,;:i;aBa::ra c::r11IIIRO)I 60.11:,moe 3Ha11eH.0.e . q>aKTopy y6em�e
HHH, MOpaJihHOMY B03p;eiiCTBilIO. B TpeThJIX, OHa He DOHHMaJia Toro, "CJTO B 06CTaHOBHe rpam,n;aHCROM BOiiHhl c Bpara)IJI peBOJIIOD;Hll, ROTOphle rpy6o 'nonu
paJIII BCe HOpMhl �1em,n;yHapo;i;Horo UQaBa 11 11e.10Bff'I0C:KO.Ü MOpaJIH, HeJib3H p;eii
CTBOBaTh TOJibRO cpopl\:la.îbHO 3ai-:OHBhUIH �leTO,D;aMH. B-11eTBepTbIX, npHHHTble
JIOCTaHOBJieHHH npOBOµ,U.'IUCb B .mll3Hh Q lf€Hh Mep;JieHHO, HenocJie,z:t;oBaTeJ1hHO H
IlOJ.fO BHH11aTO 348•
· Tiepe�onhie c.'ron paooqero r-.:racca Ilapnarn m.1u B HeROTop1,1x OTHomeHHHX
p;aJ.rI:.IIIe, lJ·eM l!.leHbI npalrnTe.TbCTBa hO)DIYHhl. 3-To BH�HO, HarrpBM·ep, na Toro,
tJTO 10 MaH Ha MaCCOBO)I co0;paHIIJI -q:reHOB H:iy6a peBOJIIOIQHI 6h!Jia rr,pHH.H
Ta peaOJIIO�HH, rrpe.:i;:rnraBmaJI I1.o.:-.n1yne ,OTY0H11Th cyrn;OCTByIOIJtIŒ i1w,n-eKChl
H rrepecMOTpeT1> ;i;e:ü:1cnryrom;ne JanOHbI 349• JlepBoe Tpe6oBaHne He ÔhVIO BhI
noJI,HeHo, Rropoe ocyru;e,crBa:11J1oc1> r-o:IhnO 11acrH"11HO.
1
1
Ibid., 13, 15 mai 18i 1.
3-44 A. Ba :ma Ho B. Ko:\rnccn.H 10crnIIllII ITapm-J..c1-.oi RoMMYHW 1871 ro.n;a. «Y-ri. aan.
Ra3aHCRoro roc. yu-rn 1n1. B. 11. Jlemrna». T. 114, J..H. 10, 1054, r
c p. 148.
345
L. Du br e u i J h. La Commune ( 1871). Paris {1908], «Histoire Socialiste•, t. XI,
p. 398.
La r onze. Histoire di: la Commune de 1871. La Justice. Paris, 1925,
346 G
M3
p. 240, 296.
347
348
349
516
A. E a .iK a Ho B. YRa3. co'CJ., crp. 160.
TaM me, crp. 161.
«Le Cri du Peuple», 15 mai 1871.
Ilo Mepe Toro. 1rnK o6cTaHOBKa tta q>pOHTe Bce 6oJiee
yxy,n;maJiaCh p;;rn NOlL\Iyna,poB, II BeipcaJibCRHe B-OË:
CIŒ, pa3BHBaJI HUCTYIIJI8Hlle, BCe 6J1nme no,n;xo,n;HJUI
K Ilapnmy, KOHTppeBo.;11ou;1rnHHbie ::meMeHThl, npH
TaHBIIlHeCH B ropo,n;e, CT8HOBHJIHCh CMeJiee, ycuJIHBaH spam,n;e6nnrn KoMMyHe
rrpOIICKH. PeaI{IJ;HOHHhle opraHl,I ne11aTH 06JI11BaJIH rpH3hID rep01i1IeCKHX aa
�HTHHKOB peBOJIIDIJ;lIOHHoro Ilapnma, K.1rnneTaJn1 Ha "l!JICIIOB HoMMYHhl n H3npa11VlJIH HX ,n;eiiCTBHH, paarJiamaJIH CBep:eHHH BOeHHOfO xapaKTepa ll ceHJill
IIaHnKy cpe,n;n HaceJiennH, T. e. ,n;eJiaJIH nce, qTofü,1 r10,n;opnaT1, 06opoHocnoco6HocTh ocamgeHHOH CTOJIMIJ;hl, 06:ier"tJllTb II ycKcIpHTh ce 3axBar apMHeü:
T1,epa.
l-JT06hl 06ya,n;aT1, KOHTppeBOJIIOIJ;HOHHYID arnTan;nro B netJ.aTH, rrpaBHTeJUr
CTBO KoMMYHLI oc�ecTBIIJIO B Ha"lla•.,rn n cepe,n;11He MaH pH.ri; Mep B ,n;onoJIHe
HHe K TeM, KOTOpble 6hlJill IIpHHHThI B NOHIJ;e MapTa n B anpene. 5 MaH ,n;eJie
raT o6m;ecTBeHHOH 6e30IIUCHOCTU KypHe IIOCTaHOBIJ.;I 3aRpbITI, ceMh npam,n;e6HhlX KoMMyue raaeT - <<Le Petit Moniteur>>, <<Le Petit �ationab, «Le Bon
Sens,, «La Petite Presse>>, <<Le Petit Journal», <<La France>>, <<Le Temps>>.
IlocTaHOBJieHne 3T0 MOTHBIIpOBaJIOCb TCM, "l!TO yrroMHHYThie opraHhl neqa TH
«B Kam,n;oM CBOeM HOMepe rro.n;ctpeRaIDT l'l rpam,n;aHCROH BOHHe H HBJIHIOTCH
)];0HT0JihHhlMH coo6�HHIŒMH BparoB Ilapuma H Pecrry6JIIINH» 350•
11 Ma.JI Kypne H3;D;aJI IIOCTaHOBJieHne O 3anphlTHII em;e meCTH peaKD;HOH
HhIX raaeT - <<Lo Moniteur Universel», <<L'Observateure», «L'Univers>>,
«Le Spectateur>>, «L'Etoile>>, «L'Anonyme>> 351•
O;n;HaKo H rrocJie :noro s IIapHme npo,u;o.imaJI erue DhIXO,Il;IfTh pa,;:i; spa.ame6HhIX h.OMMYI·Ie opraHOB npeccnI. HeKOTOphre 3arrpe�eHHbie raseThl o6xop;HJIH
aa11peT, aaJiomeHHI:aIH Ha HIIX BJiaCTHMH KoM�IYHhI, II ::\IeHHJIH CBOe Ha3BaHHe,
HO He nanpaBJienne. qJieH Km,IMYHhl MopThe rrpe,u;JmraJI 3arrpeTHTh nceM ra3eTaM, 3a IlCR:II048HIIelI «Journal officiel» , rre11aTaTh cTaTbH OiTH0CllTeJihlI0
BOeIH!hlX p;eiicTBHH. «BCHKaH raaeTa, n0T0paH napyrnnT 8T0,- rosopHJI 0H,6y)];eT 8aRph1Ta H npe,n;ana cyp;y» 352• 8To rrpep;Jiomenne He rroJiy11HJIO rro;n;
)];epmRH n ne 6.hIJIO ocym;ecTBJieno.
PeBOJIIOD;HOHHaH o6m;ecTB'8HHOC'l'h Ilapuma ·Tpe6oBa..:ra penuneJihHhlX l\Ie(J
rrpOTHB KOIITppeBOJIIDD;HOHHOH npecchl. 14 l\ŒH 8TOT BOIIpoc o6cym;n;aJICH na
3ace-,ri;aHHH Ho:v1MyHaJibHoro RJiy6a B u,epRBH H:aiw:rn-;:{.e-lllan. .I(HcRycc1u1
6hlJia Bhl3BaHa 4TeHHe:M O,Ll;HOH CTaThU, naneti:aTaIIHOH B ROHTppeBOJIIDIJ;HOH
HOii raaete «Le Républicain>>. Û;rJ;HH opaTophI BhICRa3brna:rHcb 3a aaRphITHe
ncex ra3eT Boo6�e, ;n;pyrHe, npep;Jrnra:.m coxpaHHTh o,u;nu <<Journal officiel»
RoMMYHhI. IIpe,ri;ce;n;aTeJih KJiy6a EepHap BhICRa3a.'IcJI rrponrn oryJioHoro a� rrpem;eH.HH raaeT, yRa3aB, 1ITO peBOJJIDD;IIOHHaJ{ rrpecca rrpHHOC.HT IIOJih3Y, Tai.
KaK nmf>opMHpyeT 11IITaTeJieii o rrponcxo,rvi�nx co61,nnHx n: rro,n;HHMaeT )];YX
y Tex, RTO rOTOB BIIaCTh B YHhIHHe. lJJieH rrpe3H;rJ;Hy�ra h:.Cy6a Jlron;, B03pa
ïIŒH Eep1rnpy, r0Bop1rn:: <<:\ihl rreipe1mn:Bafü1 ropJrciee npe::\ra; ra3•8ThI, 3arrpe
IT(eHHhie YTPOM, BeqepoM BhlXO;rJ;HT rro;:i: ,n;pynn1 Ha3BaHHe:\I. Eyp;bTe peBoJIIO
n;HoHHbIMH ,n;o ROHn;a HJIH Bbl rrorII6.rrn. BoT IŒNOBO 110.'IOllieIUte>) 353•
H:0.Ra1-wro orrpe;ri;eJieHHoro pernennJJ rro aToMy Borrpocy ue 6hlJIO BhlHeceHo.
ToJihRO 18 MaH - aa Tpn ,IJ;HH ,ri;o BTopmenna nepca.JihCRHX Bon:cR B Ila
pIIm - rrpamneJibCTBO RoMMYHhI npe;r:r:.rrpHHHJIO pennneJihHYID l\rnpy, ocy�e
CTBJieHIIe ROTopoir )];OJilliHO 61,mo IIO:.COIBHTb ROHeu; ROHTppeBOJIIOD;HOHHOH rrpo
rraraHp;e B rreqaTH. B sToT )];enb Ko1n1TeT o6 m,ectneHnoro cnaceHHH II3p;a:r
IIOCTaHOBJieHHe O aarrpern,eHHII ,n;ecHTH opraHOB rrpecchI, BIIHOBIIhlX B Harra;ri;
Rax Ha H.oMMyHy: cpep;H HHX 61,mu 6ypmya3Hhie ra3eThI II iRypna.ITbI pa3HhIX
3aicp�e psma raaeT
B arypeaJIOB'
Bp3llCAe6B LIX KOMMyHe
350
351
352
35:i.
<<Journal officiel», 7 mai 1871.
<<Journal officiel>>, 12 mai 1871.
Ibid., 8 mai 1871.
<<T.a Révolution politique et sociale)>, '16 mai 18ï 1 (numéro spécimen).
HanpaBJHmHiî: - <<L'Echo de Paris>>, <(L'lndépendance française>>, <<L'Avenir
national», <<La Patrie>>, <<Le Pirate>>. <<Le Républicain>>, <<La Revue des Deux
Mondes>>, <<L'Echo de l]traman> n ,n;Be raaeThI .IIpaBOIIPYAOHHCTCRoro xa
paRTepa - «La Commune>> n «La Justice>>. To me 11ocTaHoBJieHHe aaupem,aJio
ua.n;anne I-ŒRHX-.1:m60 HOlll,TX ra3CT Il ;i..ypHaJIOB «B11peµ;1> AO OROH1IaHHH
BOHHhl>>, o6H3bIB8JIO aBTopoB llO,rJ;IlHChIBaTI, CBOH CT3ThH, rp03HJIO npeµ;aHU:e:M
B08HHOMY Tp11.6yHa.rry mypHa::mcTOB, BIIHOBHhlX <<B Hana,rvrnx na Pecny6JIHRY
11 RoMMYHY>>, 060HB:u1.10, lITO «B.1a�e.'IhD,bI THIIOrpaqrn:ii, napymJIBrn:o:e Ha
CTOH�ee Il0CTaHOB:I8Hlie, 6y;:i;yT npec.'Ie,n;oBaThCH RaR COY'{aCTHJIRH, a JIX
CTaHRII 6yp;yT Oil81I8ThlB8TbC}[)> 364•
Ec.TTu 6hI Ta:noe IlOCTaIIOB.'IeHIIe 6h1.10 npIIHHTO paH1>me, OHO MOfJIO fü,1
B ROpHe rrpeceTih Bpa.lli;::t;e6Hhrn l-lm.IM)THe npoIICRII 6ypmyaanoii neII:aTH. Ho otto
HBHO 38II03)];a.rro II B,J;06aBOn Bhl3Ba:IO pe3Rlle noapameHHH CO CTOpOBhl H0RO
Tüphlx II:JI8HOB hOMMYHhl, IlhITaBillIIXC.H Ha aace)],aHIUI 19 Ma.H )];ORaaaTh, 1ITO
aToT )1;8KpeT He3aRoHeH. necnpaBeg.ïnB n orraceH. Oco6eHHO nacTa11naJI Ha
3TOM npHMhIRaBmIIÏI r..: <<�IeHbIIIIIIICTBy>> PacTyJih. <<J(eKpeT 3TOT,- 3a.HBHJI
OH,- HJ.\.feeT TeHp;eHn,IIeÜ ycTaIIOBIITb nerrorpernHMOCTh RoMMYHhl, IlOCROJihRY
OH npeTeHp;yeT na TO, "':IT06bl paapeIIIHTb BhICRa3hlB3TI:,CfI TOJ!I:,RO T0M raaeTaM,
KaKne eii: yrop;HhI». Bce Bhlcryrr.iettne Pacry.'IH rroKaa1>rnaeT, 'l!TO OH. ne npo
BO.L(IIJI )J;OJilliHoro pa3.ïIITIIIH Men:'\p;y peBO:IIO�HOHHhlMII raaeTRMH H ra3eTaMH
peam::i;nOHHhlMII U He IIOHIDf8.1 Toro. 1ITO aanperr:i;eHHhle raaeThl H0 npoCTO
RpllTHROBaJin OT)J;e:IhHhie i'.J;(lllCTBIUI 1-{o)n.IyHhl, a .HBHO Bpep;HJIH ei CBOHMH
KJl0B8THH1I8Cnll.\UI Bhlna;::i;a::uu.
'Yp6eH B cBoe)f Bbrcryrr:iemnr ;:i;a:i pernnreJihHhlÜ oTrrop PacTyJno. « qro
KacaeTCH cno6op;bl IIetraTn.- CNa3a::I OH,- TO H 60JI.bIDOH ee CTOpOHHHR. ·Ho
Mhl HaXO)];llMC.H B IICIWI01IlIT('JlhHbIX yc;rOBUHX, C 1IeM Hap;o C1IJITaThCH. ÛCO·
6eHHO CJie,i:i;yeT ne ;J;OIIyc:narh TOfO, 1IT06hl 3anperr:i;eHnaH ra3eTa IIOHBHJiach
H8M8l);JI8HHO IIO)]; ,1J;pyrIDI Ha3BaHJŒ�I. 8TO cp;e.'Ia.JIO 6hl �enpeT O 3arrpem,eHlHI
6ecno.:ie3HblM ... MbI o6H3HHbI ITJJl1HH.'.laTb CTporne pap;.a.Ka.-:JhHhle ::Mephl 'Ill)OTHB
JIIO):(eii, HBJIHIO�HXCH He l{('�I IIHbDI, I->'.aR IIIIIIlOHR�lll BepcaJIH. l(eRpeT ne )J;OJl
meH 6hIJI 61>1 OCT8BI1Tb HIIr�a:nnx raaer, npo:ue Tex, IWTüphle BLI3.bIBalOT naTpHO
Tl:III:eCKJiH nopbIB>>. 3n1 c:roBa Ôbl..1II BCTpelfeHhl op;o6pnTeJibHhlMH B03fJI8caMH 355•
MTaR, 60::rhIIIIIHCTBO "tf:renon I{o�n1ynhI Oi'J;o6pn:rn pemnTeJihHhle Mephl, npH
HHThie ero nponrn npaJR,:::i;e6HhIX opranoB nel!aTn. Ho npoTeCThI nponrn aToro
p;eRpeTa R'oMnTeTa o6rqecTneHHoro cnaceHnH He orpaHHlfHJIHCh aa.'IOM Bacep;a
HIIM paTyrn11. Bypa�ya3uo-pecny6.1n:naHc1-.aa raaera <<Le Rappel» paapaa:u:nach
no 3TOMY IIOBO)];y THellI-fOII CT8Tbefr. B ROTopoi CT3BHJia aaKphlTHe peaK�lIOH
HhlX ra3eT npaBMTeJihCTBO�I ftO�DIYHbl Ha o;:i;ny �oc:ny C npecJie):(OBaHJIHM:O: pe
BOJIIO.QHOHHhlX opraHOB IIC "'Ia TIi Bepca.îbCKll::\I npaBHTeJibCTBOM. raaeTa YTBep
mp;aJia, lITO BCHROe Hapyrnernre cBo6o;:i;br rret:JaTn nponrnopelfHT ,n;yxy pecrry6JIH1rnncRoro CTpo.H 356.
Hipy,r:i;omIJcr.cr,aJI ra3era <<La Jus lice>>, B pe�aRn1poBa.HHH R01'opoii II;pim.n
MaJI p;eHTe.111,Hoe yqacn1e Bep1rnpe.1h. yrBepa.p;aJia, lITO peam:�HOHHaH npecca
onacna JIHIIIh Tor.n;a, Ror;:i;a ee npec:ie;::i;yroT. 11 coBeTOBaJia npaBHTeJILCTBY RoM
MYHhl He o6paID,aTb IIIII'8JWf0 BHIU.IaHIIH Ha «Myx mypHaJIH3:Ma>> II Ha HX
<OKymarn.H1,e, ÔhITb ::\!Omer, tta,:::i;oe;:i;.111Boe, Ho 6eao6np;noe>> 357•
8rn rny6oRO omu6o"tlHhie cya,;.;::{eHIUI IIORa3blBaIOT' 1ITO MHOr:e:e ;neHTeJIH
R'oMMYH.bI HBHO H0,1J;OOD,8HITBa:nr orpOMHOro Bpep;a, lWTOphlii npH'tJDHHJia npo
;qeTapcnOH )];JIRTaType J-.OHTppeBO,'IIOUIIOHHaa rrpecca.
«Journal officiel», 19 mai 18ï 1.
355 «IlpoTOROJihD>, T. II, crp. 334�-335.
355 <<Le Rappel», 20 mai 18ï 1.
s57 <<La Justice>>, 19 mai 1871.
354
518
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pa6oTa) oco6enno B TetJeHHe Mam> 358. B Bepca:rc cym;ecTBOBano crreu;MaJihHOe
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pHma B, BepcaJih B cpaaToHe, KOTOphIM caM npann:1, B conpoBOlli,rJ;eHMli 1I€JIO
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nue ne ygaJIOCb 366.
½
ai:t G. La r on z e. Op. cit., p. 390-393.
3(2 Ibid., p. 385-386.
363 Ch. Lulli e r. :\if es cachol.s. Pi:1ris, 1S81, p. 99 et suiv.- Iloc.-ie no�aB."IeHHH no:u
MYJILI JhOJihe 6hrn npnroBopeH I� CCbI:rne HO co:teparnJICH TaM R npHBH."'IerHp0B8HHhlX
yc.rroB1rnx (J. A 11 e man e. Des barricades au bagne. Memoires d'un communard. Pari�.
[s. a.]. p. 364-365).
314 Le Procès de la Commune. Com pte-re11du des débats du Conseil de guerre. Paris
[1871], p. 7-8.
3t 5 Ibid. p. 43-44.
,
365 A. H. JI y p 1, e. Ilopr perhI ;:i:eHre:ie11 Ilapnif-.cnoii KoMMYHLI. M., 19.�, ctp. 3fl1-35'�
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Bo;n,me sc.ero HH'Te-pecona:rn: nepca;1hCRHX areH'DOB, paayMeercn, BoeJIHLie
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qTo H s,n;ec1, ,n;eJio He o6omJioc:o 6e3 yqacnrH Bepca.'IhCKflX areHTOB 374•
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n;
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( carte d'identité), ROTOpLrn J.(OJilliHhI 6hl.JII 3aBepHTbCR o:npyïnnoiî Mapneü.
II HacToHm;ero H3µ;emu1.
G. L e f r a nça i s. Souvenirs d'un révolutionnaire. Bruxelles, [HlZl2], p. 521-::i'.23.
369 Il. M. Re p JR e Hu, e B. -YRa3. CO'!., CTp. 36ï.
370 «ITpoTOKOJihli>, T. Il, cTp. 113, 121, 127, 130-140.
371 J. A. Fa u c h e r. La véritable histoire de la Commune, t. II. Paris, 1960, p. 260.
3
72 <<Le Rappel», 1'9 mai 1871; A. Ha rd y. Tous les horribles et douloureux détails
concernant la terrible explosion de la cartoucherie du Champ de Murs [20 mai 1871}.
373
«Journal officiel», 18 mai 18i1.
374 HeMaJio no,umoroB n: ,upyru:x µ;nBepcnii 6u.10 coseprnem1 1nm B ;J;Hli nocJfe,lHHX
ûoèB Ha ymrn;ax IIapHma.
:m <<Journal officiel», 15 mai 187 J.
337
366
CM. T.
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IHl,"'IhHhie BOJihHOCTII. Bbl 3aCTamne ee CRa3aTh: ,.Ax, KOHeu;! Jlyqme :naRoii
yro,:i;no pea.11:\1, 'tlelI pea.1n1 h'.o:\DIYHhI! ">> 381•
8Ta CTaTbJI nor.:a3hIBaeT. 1.J:TO, 6opHCb npOTHB MeTo,n;oB peBOJIIOIJ.HOHHOfO
Teppopa, npy,n;OHHCTLI npanoro :np1>1.1a BhICTynaJin <J>a:nTIIqec1n1 B poJIH pynopa
;\,feJIROM li cpep;HeÜ 6ypmya3m1, ROTOpaH K 3TOMY BpeMeHH yme OTOllJia
B CBOeii: OCHOBHOH l\IaCCC OT hü..'.BIYHhI.
.D:pyraa ra3eTa rrpy)J;onncTc:noro Hanpan:remI.a <<Le Cri du Peuple>>, rrpH3hl
na:rn qJJeHOB Km,fM)ïihl Hü TpaTJITb Bpe..'.IeHll Il CllJI <<Ha IIOHCKII BHYTP8HHero
npara, KOToporo He cyru;ecTBYc.'T>>' a IIOJ];fOTOBlIThC.H K OTpameHHIO BHemHero
Bpara 382• 8ToT oIIIn6oqnbIÏI Teanc - o TOM, qTo BHYTPII Ilapnma y RoMMYHhl
neT EiparoB,- BhI,I.J,Birra.1 n opraH Heo�u.:ofünnien , «Le Réveil du Peuple», yT
nepin)J;aBIIIHM, qTo (<BCe Ha.'IIP:lHhie inIIT0.'.III IlapHma, 3a IICnJIOqeHHeM illIIHO
HOB H areHTOB Bepca.ï.H, e,;:i;nHop;ymHhI B Borrpoce O aanvITe KOMMyHaJihHO:Ü: pe
IlOJIIOQIIII rryTeM corrpOTIIB.'IeHIIH �o noc:ie,n;Heft KpaiiHOCTH>) 383•
I1Hyro rro3HUHIO 3aHH.'Ia n 8T0:\1 Borrpoce raaeTa <<La Révolution politique et
sociale>>, na�aBaBma.ar a c e1,unJI..'.III lIHTepHau;IIoHaaa B Ilapnme. Xapa:nTepHa
C.TaTbH <<Teppop, cnpaBe;:t;::rIIBOCTb, Mil:IOCepp;ne>>, ony6::rnROBaHHaH B 3TOH ra37
6
377
37 8
379
380
381
382
383
Fi22
«Jou rnal of ficiel». 15 mai 18ï 1.
P. Font o u li e u. Op. cit.. p. 185.
<<Le Pèr e Duchêne>>, 26 floréal an 79 ( 15 mai 1871 ), p. 2-3.
Ibid., 27 floréal an ï·9 (16 mai 18ï1). p. 4-7.
E. Re c 1 us. Op. rit., p .. 312.
<<La Commune>>, 16 mai 18ï 1.
< e Cri du Peuple>>, 15 mai 18ï1.
<L
<<Le RéYeil du Pcnple>>. '.W mai 18ï1.
3eTe 15 M:aH sa nop;nHCbIO rJiaBHoro pe,n;a:nTopa lliIO:rn Hocrara (ucew�oHnM
mypHamccTa facToHa BID<p<pe) . Bhlc:na3hIBaHCb npoTHB npinieHeHIIH Teppopa
li YTBep.mAaH, 1ITO OH J[K06bI OTpHn;aTeJibHO TIOBJilIH:I Ha pa3BlITII€ peBOJIIOJJ;HH
RoHn;a XVIII B., HocTar ynpeRaJI BMecre c TeM q.:rreHoB noMMyIIhl B cJia6ocrn
H ,JJ;OKa3:bIBaJI, 1ITO MlIJIOCepp;lie no OTHOIIIeIUIIO R Bpara:\I peBO.TIIOJJ;.IIOHHOfO Ila
pHma 61,mo 6hr npecTynJieHHeM, qTo Heo6xop;1n10 <<COHpyrnnTh BCe npoHCRH
peaRIJ;HH>). <<,I(OBOJibHO CJIOB, ;n,eiicTBYHTe!- BOCRJIH�a:ra ra3eTa.- JloMa:iiTe,
:IOMaftTe BCe npeIIHTCTBHH, y Bac Tenepb TOJibRO O;t.J,Ha sa;n,aqa -;n,eRpeTHpo
BaTb no6ep;y ... ,l..(eftCTByiiTe 6e3 npoMe;t.J,JieHlUI. Ey;n,hTe peBO:IIOJJ;HOHHblMH, lIOO
O;t.J,Ha JIHIIIb 3HeprlIH MOiReT 06ecrre1IHTI, HaM TOpiReCTBO... )) CTaTbH saIŒffllH
BaJiaCb ,!1;8BH30M: <<HH Teppopa, HH CJrn6ocTH - cnpaBep:.:UIBOCTb>) 384•
R'. peIIIHT8JŒHhlM Ae:ÜCTBHHM, R 6ecnom;ap;HOMY no;n,aB:reHHIO conpoTHBJie
J-UIH BHyTpeHHHX BparoB peBOJIIOII;HII H 8HeprlI1IHOMY Be;n,eHHIO BOHIIhl npOTHB
€e BHeIIIHHX BparoB npH3bIBaJI 1IJieHOB hOMMYHhl Il ceKpeTaph-ROppecrroHp;enT
PyancRo:Ü: cpe,n;epao;nn llHTeprrnn,IIonaJia 06plI ( OH Haxo,n;u."'ICH B sTo BpeMH
B Ilapnme) B OTKphlTOM TIHCbMe OT 12 MaH, Harre1IaTaHHO:\I B TOÜ me ra3eTe.
B TOM me ,n;oKyMeHTe 06pH RPHTlIKOBa:I cou;na."'JhH0-8ROHOMifTieCRYIO IIOJIHTHRY
RoMMYHhI. <<XoTa MhI 3HaeM,- rrHca,"'I OH,- 1ITO sa60ThI o MaTepnaJibHOiî
6op1>6e MemaIOT cp;eJiaTh Bce, lITO neo6xo,11;in10, 6n1:ro 6hr Bce ,ne xopomo,
qTo6M co�naJihHhre p;eRpeThI rrnRaaa:m Hapo;1;y, l!TO ,n;e:ro Bospoi!-.p;eHIIH TPYAa
OTCTa1rnaeTCH I 1'.a
- R BHYTPH ropop;a, TaK U Ha ero yKperr:reHrrHX>}.
YCHJieHHH Mep no 6opb6e c ROHTppeBO."'IIOU,IlOIIIILDIII s:ieMeHTa:t\IH Tpe6o
EaJIH H KJiy6hr. TaR, HoM:wyHaJihHbIÏI K::ryô III 01,pyra ern;e
arrpe:ra o6pa
T.IIJICH K RoMMyHe C npe,D;JIOiIWHHeM BOCCTaUOBIITI, <<33ROH O rrop:o3pIIT8JibHbIX>>,
rrpHHHThlH HR06HHCRHM HoHBeHTOM 17 C8HTa6pH 1793 r., II3;J;8Tb ;u;e:npeT
o paccTpeJie «Kam,n;oro, KTO OTRameTCH aam;nm;aTh Pecrry6.ïn:ny c opymHeM
B pyKax», H o6nHBHTh, 1ITO (<BCHRIIH ToproBeu, ROTQphlÜ: n1pc:npaTIIT CBOIO ' TOp
rOBJIIO 113-3a H8AOCTaTKa )];OBepnH I,'. hOM�fyHe, 6y.:reT ."'IlllllCH rpamp;aHCRHX
npaB II npaBa 3aHHMaTbCH CB08H npo<peccneiÎ>> 385• Hn 0)1,HO U3 8Tl1X 11pe,1.1;JIO
"IBeHHH He 6hlJIO ocym;ecTB»eHo npaBHTeJihCTBOM I-to1rMyHhI.
3aTo 14 Maa co6ipaH:ae 1IJieHOB Ko1n1yHaJibHOro Jl'.:IyÔa C 60.ïh illfl).l y�OB
�TieTBOpenneM BCTpeTHJIO coo6:rn;eHHe ce:npeTapH fto1nryHhI A11ypy o paccTpeJio
lllIIHOHa,, TIO�rOTOBJUIBIIIero q::i;a-qy pep;yTa ÜT-B1p10iie,:1. <<H CIIe.T CBŒIM p;oJI
fOM npIICyTCTBOBaTh rrpH COBepmeHnn Ra3HH,- ;:i;o6aBIJ:I AMypy.-11To6hJ
HoMMyHa MOrJia no6e;uHTb, 1ITOfJhI RpacHoe 3Ha1rn. 3Ha:.\IR CBo6o.:rhI, BOCTopme
CTBOBaJio, Heo6xop;JIMO yBamaTb Il 3aCTaBHTb yBarna TL rrpaBocyp;ne>). OpaTop
BhlpaanJI yBepennocTh, 1ITO npHp;eT p;eHb, irnrAa c aMoMy Tu�py npnp;eTca Aep
maTh OTBeT nepep; cy,r:i;oM no6e;n,1rnmero ttapop;a 386•
Iia3Hh, 0 KOTOpoii rOBOpHJI B CBOe�1 RhlCTyn:reHJUI Al\rypy. 6bIJia COBep
IIl€Ha 12 MaH Ha cpopTe E»ceTrp no n,_prrrcrnopy, BblHCCeHHO:\IY BOeHHhIM cyµ;oM
rro,z:i; npe,n;ce,n;aTeJihCTBOM ROMeHp;aHTa 8TOfO <püpTa lJ.ïena hO:\IMYHbI Jleo
MeJihe. 06BIIHHeMhln: Tn6o (3MH.:rih fta;a:e), na-ri;n0Ha;·n1Hh1ii: rBapµ;eeu, 184-ro
6aTa.rrnoHa, 6nm irno6JIHqeH B ;u;e3epn1pcTBe, rro:ry1:IeHnrr ;a:eHer or BepcaJib�eB,
m1nroaa·me !Il pa3ne1,n;Re B li.X noJinsy. ,Ilp11r0Bop ÔhIJ np1rne;::i;e'H B ucnoJIHem1e
B npHCYTCTHlfH T,pex 1IJieHOB KoMMyHbl H npe,n;cTaBiue:reft OT ,n;eBHT'H 6aTaJlb'Ü
HOB. IlpoTOIWJI 8TOH Kas-RH, nop;rrHca-HHhin Jle-o Menbe, 6bL1 satJ1uaH HM na
3a,cep;aH'HH RoMMYHhI 12 :\IaH ,H BCTpeqeH 0;1;06pnre.1bHhHIII B03r:iaca:'.\HI rrpn
CYTCTBYIOID,11X 387•
ao
<<La Révolution politique et sociale>>, 15 mai 18i 1.
<<Bulletin communal. Organe c.des clubs>>, 6 mai 1871.
386 Ibidem.
387 «IlpoTOKOJILI», T. II, CTp. 261-262. 19 MaH no np1I1rn3y q.:i:ena Ro:m,1yHLI i-Roamia
pa, rpam,n;aHCKoro KOMHCCapa IIpH KoMaH)]:YIOIU,eM o;::rnoÏI U3 Tpex ;ieücrnyrolll,HX apMHii
H'.mntyHLI reHepa;:re Jlia Cecm:nm, 6bl.i: ,paccTJ)e.:IHH eiqe o�HH mrrnon (G. La r o nze. Op.
cit., p. 518).
384
385
B cJie,n;yrorrvrn 3a STHM .II,HH rrpaBuTe:rhCTBO KoMMYHhl npHBH.JIO PRA HOBhIX
Mep, HanpaBJieHHhlX Ha YCH.:IBHIΠ6opL6.hl npOTHB npoHCKOB KOHTppeBOJIIOIJ,IIO
HepoB B Ilapume. Ta:n, 16 Ma.a HoMHTeT o6m;ecTBeHnoro cnaceHHH B3.z\M no
cTaHonJieHHe O Ha.II,3ope 3a lli0Jie3HhU.IH .r:r.oporaMH. Ilo)];IllICaBHOe renepaJILHhlM
eeR1pera1peM AHipn Bpncca:1wM:, {)HO rnacnJio, lJTO Bce noeaAa, nanpaBJIHIOID;HecH
B Ilapn.m, ,lJ;O.TIIBHhl OCTaHaBJIJIHaThCH y ropo,n;CKOH CTCBhl B IIO�BepraTLC.8
OCMOTPY CO CTOpOHbI IIOJIIIII,eiicnoro nOMHCcapa H B03rJiaBJIHeMoro HM naTpyJIH
H8D;HOH8JlhHhlX rBap,n;eiiu;eB 388.
17 Man hOMUTCT o6m;ecTBeHHOfO cnaceHIUI o6paTIIJ'1CH c npe,n;ynpemµ;eHHCM
R oqrnu;epaM :H RO BCel\l rpamp;aHa:\1 BOo6ru;e, 11:TO «OTn83 BhlllOJJHHTh HCXO.II,.H
IQHH OT nero rrpnRa3 noB.r1eqeT aa co6oü HeMe.II,JieBHoe rrpe}J;anne BHHOBnoro
CYlf.Y 1BOüIJ1li'OPO -rpHoyŒia:ra no 06m11HeHHIO B rocy,n;apcrneHHo:Ü H3MeJie» 389•
19 MaH hOMMyna rrpHHH.Tia p;en:per O rrpep;aHHH cy,n;y BOeHHOro Tp:m5ynrurn BCCX
,r:r;oJiï:KHOCTHhlX .'lHU: II IIOCT8BID;UI-WB, o6BlIHHeMhIX B pacTpaTe o6�eCTBeHHhIX
cpe,n;CTB II XHIIJ;eHH.HX, Il O CMepTHOIÏ h'.33HU .A-'UI TBX H3 HIIX, RTO 6y,ri;eT npH3HaH IlllHOBHhlM B ôTIIX npecryn:reHJUfX. B ,ri;e:npere roBOpHJIOCb T81GIŒ, qTo
rrocne no6e11;0Hocaoro OnOHY:aHm! Boii11u c BepcaJibIJ;aMn «6yAeT npo1rnne,neHo
paccJiep;onaHHe n OTHomeH111r Bcex Tex, nTO Henocpe,ACTBCHHO Be,naJI o6m,e
CTBeHHMMH cpe,ACTBaMII JI.ïH IIMe.ï R HIU.I :na:noe-Jin6o OTHOmeHHe» 390•
Eypnhie upeHlUl 1paaropeJ1IICh Ha aace.I(aHBH h.OMMy
Hbl 17 �ra.a rrpn o6cymjleHHH Bonpoca O TOM, KaK OT
06cym,a;eHBe Bonpoca
BeTIITh Ha mecTOnOCTH nepcaJihIJ;0B no OTHOID0HHIO n
0 K33HB aaJIO}KBHKOB
na aace,a;aHHB KoMMyHLI II.îeHHhnI RO�ntyHapaM. Ilono,noM K o6cym,:,;eHHIO
17 Ma.JI
sToro norrpoca HBHJIOCb ,noHeceHB.e ne»TeHanTa
105-ro 6aTa.îhOHa Brorena OT 16 MaH 06 1:13HaCHJIOBaHHH II y6niICTBe IIHThIO nepca.'IhCnHMII COJ,l];8T8MII C8HHTapKH IIOJICBOfO roc
IIHT8JIH, OJŒ3hIBaBmeii: IlO)IOI.LJ;h paHeHO)lY <pep;epaTy; B TOM me ;n;oHeceHIUl
coo6ru;aJIOCh, lITO BroTeH, OTrrpaB.�JeHIIhI:Ü: B n81ICCTBe rrap.rraMeHTepa Ha cpopT
BaHB lf.JIH ana1,yau;1:nr paHen1,1x n yôurhlx, 6hl.'1 ncTpeqen pymeii:no:ü: nan:1,6oii,
KOTOpa.H BJ,lHYAH:rn ero B€pRyThCH n OCTaBHTh B pyKax BepcaJihl.J,CB 19 y6HTbIX
H 70 paHeHhlX KOMMyHapoB 391•
3a11:H'raB µ;oHeceHHe, q;ren 1-{o)nryHhI Yp6ea. py1-toBo;::i;1ITe.a1> :MapB'H Vif
ORpyra, n nOTOpoiry npIIHaµ;.ïema:r 105-ii 6aTaJihOH, IlOTpe6oBaJI, qTo6bI B OT
BeT Ha 8TH 3JIOAeHHIIH nepC8.îLU:eB ;:i:eCHTh 33.'IOiRHHKOB 6hlJIH paccrpeJIJIHJ,I He
noa,n;Hee, qeM -qepea 24 lfaca,- IIHrepo B Ilapnme rrepeP, ,AeJieran;HeIÏ OT Bcex
6aTaJihOHOB n T IHTepo ua aBarnwcrax nepe;::i; Han;noHaJihHhlMH rnap,ne:fü:�aMn �
CBH,AeTe.:r:IHMU aToro y61tiicTBa. lli.-B. l{:w!lmH no,n;;a;eparnJI npe,n;JiomeHHe Vp6eHa; OH y1-tasaJI, lfTO, IIO IOIE'IOUJ;IDIC.H y Hero CBC,D;CHBHM, IIJICHHhlX KOMMyHa
poB B Bepca.ne MOpHT roJO,[t;OM, ocn:op6.-rnIOT TI y6HB8IOT, H 3a.HBHJI, lJTO ((3TOMY
nalf,o noJiomnTh :noHeu>>. A:-.1ypy narrm,tHII::I, qro 5 anpeJIH KoM:M:yHa npnH.a;ra
aaROH O 3aJIO.lliHlIIŒX, nOTOphIÜ Ha HeI-WTOpoe Bpe:M:.H rrpHOCT8HOBHJI pacrrpany
BepcaJibD;eB C II.'J(.'HHhIMH nO)DiyHapa�nr; HO Tan :naR 3TOT 38ROH, B cym;HOCTH,
He BblITOJIHH:IC.H, paccrpe:ri.r n:ICHHhIX q>e;:i;epaTOB B03o6noBll.:IHCb. B 38R!II01Ie
HHe AMypy rrpelf,JOïf.H.'I Ha :nm1-t;:i;oe youÜCTBO mJeBHOfO H8D;HOHaJibHOl'O rBap·
p;eiiu;a OTBelfaTh paccTpe:IO)l IIO.îllIJ,CÏICnIIX, a-.anÀapMOB H CBHIIJ,0HHIIKOB, Haxo
)l;HID;HXCH B pyKax no�nryHhI. << B .n;aHHhlH �10MeHT rJiaBHhIH Bonpoc - aTo ynn:
qTo>HttTh H8Il11IX BparOB,-3a.HBI1.1 rrpe;i.ce.ri:aTCJibCTBYIOIII,lIH Ha aace,:,;aHHH
ilt-JH'.. IlHïrn.- Mhl coneprnae:u peno:no11,rr10, n Hap;o lf.CHCTBOBaTI, no-peBOJIIO
n;i;rnHHo)1y; na;n;o yqpegllTh rpn6yna.~r. t;OTODhIH CYlf.llT Il pemeH.IUI ROToporo
np1rno;..vrTc.H n ncno:rneHne».
388
389
390
391
524
<<Journal officiel», 17 mai 18i 1.
Ibid., 19 mai 1871.
Ibid., 20 mai 1871.
«IIpoTOnO:IbI>>, T. IJ, CTp. 290 ..
0
Heo6xop;Hl\IOCTH pemHTe.JihHhIX �rnp p;:uI TOpïlŒCTBa peBO.TIJOIJ;HH ronopH.JIH
n ;i;pyrHe 11JieHhl RoMMYHhl. Pnro 3RHBHJI, l!TO 06nHH1neJibHoe m10pH p;onmno
CTaTb «HaCTOHiu;HM peBOJIIOI1;HOHHhIM Tpn6yHa.TIOM>> . IIacKaJih fpycce npep;JIO
arn:JI, 11TOOhl 3TOT TpH6yHaJI rrpnronapHBaJI uop;cyp;HMhlX TOJlhRO I{ CMepTHOH
K83BH. IIpeHHH 3aIWH11HJIHCh rrpHHHTHCM pe30JIIOIJ;IBI, rJiaCHBmeii, 11TO HoM
MyHa llO)];TBepmp;aeT CBOH p;eKpeT O aaJIOiKHHI-mx, 1rnp;aIIHhlH 5 arrpeJIH, H Tpe6yeT, 11T06hl OH 6hIJI H0Me;r::l;JieHHO npnBe)],eH B HCIIO.'.rnenne 392•
19 MaH BO ,I(Bopu;e npanocyp;HH OTnphlJIIICh 3ace;u,a
�e11TeJI&HocT&
HHH 06BJIIIIITCJihHOfO Îl'\IOpH. B 3TOT ,IWHb aacep;aJin
06BBHHTeJibHOro »nope
nepBaH n BTOpaH ceKI J;HH. B rrepBOH o6m;ecTBeHHhlM
,o6BHHUTeJieM BhICTynaJI PHro, no BTopoii: - O)];UH H3 ero 3aM€CTHTeJie:H Epeüe. l:IJieHaMH aToro cyp;a 6hIJIII 80 p;e.:rnraTOB H3IJ;HOHa.'IhHOH rBapp;nn, JJ.36paHHhIX no mpe6B10 Ha aacep;aHnH RoMMYHhl 6 �ma 393 • Cpep;H HHX npeo6Jia
.n;a.JIH npep;cTaBuTeJiu 6aTaJihOHOB pa6oqux 1rnapTa.1:0B (III, V, X, XI, XIII,
XVIII, XIX H XX oKpyroB); HeKOTOphle 6ypmya3Hhle oRpyra (VII, VIII) He
6bIJIH npiep;cTaB:ICHhl BOBCe. TaRo:ii nopH.IJ;OR H36paIUIH 1IJieHOB 06nHHHTeJib
HOro m10pH 61>1:1 npep;ycMoTpeu ,IJ;eKpeTOM 22 aupe:rn: 06 opraHH3aIJ,HH aToro
cy.n;a• .[(e.JieraT IOCTHIJ;IUI IlpüTO Tal{ MOTHBHpOBa.i: TOrp;a u;eJiecoo6pa3HOCTb IIO
�o6Ho:.Ü CHCTeMbl BhI6opoB cy,JJ;eii: <<HecOMHeHHO, npnnu;Hrr 1rn6paHHH cyAeÜ
nyTeM BCeo6m,ero rOJIOCOBaHHH p;oJJmeH B 6y.n;yru;eM CTaTh 3anOHO:\L.. B Ha
CTOH�ee BpeMH Mhl o6pa�aeMCH R HaIJ;IIOI-Ia.JlhHOH rnap,:v,rn:; rrpeHMym,eCTBO
f
COCTOHT B TOM, lJ:TO µ;eJieraThl HaJ],UOHa:JhHOÏI rnap,n;HII f BJIHIOTCH HaI160Jrne HH
TC:IJIHreHTHbIMl1 M HaH60Jrne rrpep;aHUhl:\lll Hame:\IY p;e:1y JIIO;rJ;hl\IH; ::\lbl yc�IaT
pHBaeM B 3TOM )];BOHHOH ma He ycrrexa AJIH uamero 06BUHHTe.JlhHOfO mropn>> 394•
3To 6blJIO HBHblM HapyrueHHeM npHHIJ;HilOB q>op�Œ.JihI-IOÜ l);eMORpaTHH H rrpaR
TIP{18'CRIIM ocym;ec·TBJleHIHe-M rrp.HHIJ;HHOB 1;::i;e,)fORjparm1 npon:eTal)CnOÜ 395•
Ha rrepBOM aacep;aHIIH 06BHHJITe::IhHOro ffilOPII pas611pa.'IRCh ;n;e.Tia rpyrrnhI
'MYHHI],HllaJihHhIX rBapp;eii11,eB n maH.n;apMOB, apecTOBaHHhIX Ha MoHMapTpe
.3 ;u;eHh 18 :>.tapTa, II rpyIIIIhI IIOJHllJ;E.'11.CI-aIX areHTOB. B nepBOH ce:nu;1u1 12 06BHHHeMhlX H3 14 6hlJIII npnronopeHhl I� TIOpe:\IJ-JO)IY 3anJII01IeHHIO B Ka11eCTBe
3a:rmnHHKOB, ABOe 6blJIII orrpaB,IJ,aHhl H OCB06omgeHhI. Bo BTOpoü CCRQIUI 13
06mn1HeMhlX H3 14 6hIJIII rrpIIronopeHbl R TIOpeMHO)IY 3an:IIOlJ:8IUIIO B RalJ:eCTBe
3èl.1IOIBHHROB II TOJihKO O)];IIH 6hIJI orrpanp;aH.
Ha aace)];aHHHX 06BJIHHTeAbHOro iKIOpII upncyTCTBOBaJia rry6:rHRa. ÛTlICThl
0 3aCeAaHHHX ny6JnnwnaJIHCb B opra11ax penOJJIOll,HOIIHOÜ rrpeCChI 396. Roppec
IIOHpjBHT ra3'erhI «Le Réveil du Peuple>> 3anaIPIHBa."I CBOIÏ oTqeT cppaaoii: <<Ha1-�oHen;-To Ilap:rrm o6peJI CBOHX cyp;eii>> 397, faaeTa <<Père Duchêne>> ropHqo
o,n;o6pHJia BCTYIIIITCJihHYIO pwn, Pnro n o6mnnne.'IbIŒie npnrOBOphl, BhIHeCeH
Hhle IIOACYiIJ;H'MhlM 398•
20 1\-IaH npoHCXOAHJIO aace,IJ,aHHe lJ:eTBepTOli: ceh:QIUI 06BIIIHJTeJihHOrO m10pn.
Ha 3TOM aace,n;aHHH paa6HpaJIHCb .n;eJia 19 Mynnu;nrraJihHhIX rBap,I1;e-ii11,eB II II0.:111:u;eiicRHX areHTOB. 13 H3 HHX 6hIJIII o6'hHB:IeHhI 3aJioarnn:naMH, a OCTaJihHhle
npuroBopeHbI N TIOpeMHOMY 3aRJIIOlJeHHIO na Bpe�UI BOMHhI. B ;r:i;aJihHeiimeM
npe,IJ,IIOJCaraJiocb cyp;nTh napHIBCKoro a pxuenuc1-mna 4ap6ya, KOTüphlii 6hlJI
apeCTOBaH eru;e B Ha11aJie anpeJIH, a TaRme HünOTOphlX .n;pyrnx BH)];HhIX aa
.JIOIBHHROB. BcTyrrJieHHe BepcaJihCIŒ:x BOMCl'l no:rnanIJIO HOirnu; .n;eHTeJihHOCTll
06nnHH'l'eJibHOr•o lliIOpH ( 3a<'.e,IJ;aHIUl, Ha3HatieHHbIE' Ha 24 II 26 �IaH He ·COCTOH
.JI:HCb). 1
a92 «llpotoKoJI1>1», T. II, cTp. 291-296.
393 TaM me, cTp. 150-151.
394
TaM me, cTp. 288.
� 95 A. T. E am a Hon. Cy;:i;e6H1>1e opram,1 IlapmKcKo ü: no�rnym,1. <<�7 lJ. 3an. Ke.aan<'.Koro roc. yH-Ta HM. B. IL Jiemrna>>, ·r. 11,7, 1-rn. 7, 195ï, cTp. B7.
396 <<Le Tribun du Peuple>>, 21 mai 1871.
397
«Le Réveil du Peuple>>, 21 mai 18ï1.
398 «Le Père Duchêne>>, 2 prairial an 79 (20 mai 1871), p. 6-7.
PeBO."TJIOD;IIOHHaJl o6m,ecTBeHHOCTh IIapna-.a nacTOÎlllHBO JJ;ofürnaJiacb OT
HoMMyHbI npIIHHTHH peII1UTe.'1bHhIX �lep rrpOTHB ROHTppeBOJIIOIJ;HOHHhIX a�'Ie11eHTOB. Harnpinre,p, E.rry6 peno.,nou;nn, co6npaBIIIHÎÎC-H B n;ep1rnn CeH-Bep1
ttap ( Ha Mm-IMapTpe), rroTpe6oBa:r na 3aceµ;aHHJI 10 l\Ifül aanpew;eHHJI peirn
r1103HhIX RYJibTOB, apecTa CBHII�eI-IHllh'.OB (t.:.a-K «coo6 m,HHKOB MOHapxBCTOB n
BHHOBHHIWB rpam,n;aHCIWÜ BOilHhI>>), upol-(aa-.n IIMYIQ0CTBa )'.(YXOBeHCTBa JI
npe,n;aTeJieii, IŒ3HII <<O.J,Horo cep1>ea1-rnro aa.1.oIBHIUŒ>> qepea «am)];hle 24 11aca BIIJIOTh ,n;o ocB06mt.,n;e1nrn u B03Bpam;e1nu1 n IlapHm BJiaHRH. 8nr rpe6oBa
HHH, rrpHHHThle co6paHne11� na ROTüpü�I npucyTCTBOBaJIO Tpll ThlC.H'IH 'I0JIO
B€K, cBn,n;eTe.'1hCTBoBaJin o peBo.Tnou;nonHoii pemHMOcrn rrpoJieTapneB Mou
M:iapTipa 'H 06 'MX ôoeBmI aHTIIB.1:ep1n�a.'1H3:\.W 399.
13 Man ;:i;pyroiî npo:ierapo1mii: n:1.y5, 3ace-µ;aBurn:H B n;epRBH CBH-GeBepeH
(B IŒapra.:.Ie IIaHTeOH)' Ha co6paHIIII C yqacTHeU )J;BYX TblCH1l "1J0JIOBeii upeA
JIO.IBHJI ftO)L\IyHe apecTOBaTb Bcex a-.eHII1,HH, CBH3aHHhIX CO CTapoft IIOJill�Heii,
rrpoBeCTII o6JiaBbl na ;:i;e3epTIIpOB O;:I;HOBpe:\IeHIIO BO BCex o:npyrax H OTrrpamITh
3ap;epï1ŒHHhIX Ha cpponT, paccTpe:IHTb apxnennc:norra ,[(ap6ya, ec:n1 Bepca.:.1b
cKoe npaBJneJihCTBO HC ocBo6o,JJIT B.naui-.n II ne oTnyCTHT ero B Ilap11m 400 _
H'a3HH apxHennc.1-wrra - B OTBeT Ha :\IaCCOBble paccrpeJihI IIJieHHhIX (pep;epa
TOB - IIOTpe6oBa:I 15 l\IaH n R.i:y6 nepRBII Cenr-8JUI3a6eT, pacrroJimneHHOH
B pa6o"tJeM no cocTaBy cBoero nace:1eHnH oRpyre TaMrrJIL 401• Penpecc11:ü npo
THB ROHTppeBo:nou,noHepoB ;;::i;o6Irna."'JIICh JI rrpeÀaHHbie HoMMYH0 opraHbT
npecchi. 20 1rnH ra3era <<Père Duchêne>>, ,ontell.aH -c.:iyx:a ,o naMepeRHH &pca:ih
n;eB B3opB3Tb Bce CK.1:ag1,1 opya-.n.a n ôoerrpnrracoB B Ilapume, 06pa�a.:.1aci..
R ):leJieRJII03Y, .HB:urnmeM:yc.a B 3TOT :\IOMeHT rpamAaHCRHM )];eJieraTOM no BOeH
HhlM AHJia�1, c npe;:i;:iomeHlie:\I aaneperL aa.-:ioïnHHnOB H qJI,eJIOB ceMe:Ü mru,
IW'PMOB H no.;:mu;eücKHX B 3'11Rx cK:ia;:i;ax. Tor;:i,a , ;:i;oRa3hIBaJia raaeTa , BepcaJihIJ;hI
He pemarcH B3üpBaTI:, 3TH CK.'JU,J;hl 402•
M Bce .me �o BTopmettu.H nepca."'IhCRnx noücR B Ilapuïn un OAHH II3 3a:rom
HHROB He 6bIJI paccTpe.:rn.H.
PyKOBOJJ;IITe:JRM nepBOÏI B UCTOPIIII ,D;IIRTaTyphl npoJieTapHaTa JIBHO He,rw
CTaBaJio IIOHIIMaHnH He06XOµ;IBIOCTII cypoBblX penpecCHH rrpoTHB BparoB peBo
JlIOil;HH. <<KoMMyHa 6br.:rn ,Il;IInTarypoï1 npo:reTapHaTa,- IlllCaJI JleHHH,- H
MapRc c 3Hre:rhcou cTanrr.i:n B ynpen hOMMyHe, cqnTa:rn O)];HOIO 11a npn1111H
ee rH6e:nr TO o6cToaTe.JhCTBO, 11To l{o1n.ryHa 1-1,e8ocraro11,11,o anepru11Ho noJI1,ao
naJiac1> cBoeii BoopymenHoÏI cn:ro:ü: ;::I;:IH no,u;aB.:IeHIUI conpoTHBJieHDH ::mcn.;riya
Taropon>> 403•
To HeMHoroe, "CJTO 601:10 c;::i;e.i:aHo 1-{0;\BIYHOÜ B 6opb6e C JIOJ(pLIBHO:Ü fI,_eJf
TeJihHOCThlO ROHTppeBO:IIOD;IIOHHhIX a.1.e1IeHTOB, noco6HH:KOB Bepca-'IH, <<H3)10
IIOCT8BIITh B aac:ryry IDieHHO I"\.0).1IICCIIII o6rn,eCTBeHHOH 6eaonacnocTH H npo
RypaType KoMMYHhI, a He h'.o)urccun IOCTIIU.IUI» 404• MMeHHo 6naro,n;ap.a ycn
JIHHM PIIro RaR rrpoRypopa n cDeppe IrnR p;e."'Ierara o6m;ecTBeHHo:Ü 6e3onacHo
cTH ( a )];O <Deppe - RypHe) 61>1.'I apecronan pH,n; BII,D;HLIX p;eJITeJie:rr peaRn;Hn,
3aRphIThI :M.HOfIIC Bpaa�ge6Hble 1-{o:\-nryHe ra3eThI, paaofüra-creHhI H aam11011eHhI
B TIOpbMY HeCK0.1:blW 6hIBII1IIX upoBonaropoB, npOHRKIDHX B cpe,n;y ROMMyna
poB, pacRpbITO HeCIW."lbIW rpyrrrr nOHTppeno:rron;DOHHhlX aaroBopm;:e:ROB.
Oco6o c.rreAyeT onreTnTh, llTO IDieHno no IIH11u;uaT11Be PHro II Cl>eppe 5 Man
fü,IJI HCn.1.IIO'IeH n3 cocTaBa I�o)DIYHhI n 3aR.rrJO"lleH B TIOphMY Maaac BJrnnme,
r:nphIBIIIIIÎÎ: CBOJO HaCTOHill.YIO cpa:\III:!IIIO (Ilypn:ih) H CBOe aannTnannoo npo1
<<Le Cri du Peuple>>, 15 mai 18ï 1.
<<Paris libre», 16 mai 18ï1.
A. J1. Mo JI o K. PeBo.,rouuoHHbie h'..,yuM B :mn Ilapn;ncKoiï RoMMYHhl 18ï1 r.
«Y'I. aarr. MocKOBc:noro roc. rre .:r. IIH-Ta 1nr. B. IL �Iemma», T. CIX. BLIIl. 6, 1957, cTp. -H.
402 <<Le Père Duchên{'>>, 2 prairial an ï9 (20 mai 1871 ) p . 4- 5.
.
403 B. Il . .TI e H n H. 3arr yramŒie npaxo:u craporo 11 6opro�neca a.a Honoe. Coq., T. 26
,
CTp. 362.
4 04 A. Ba a, an o B. �-h'.aa. cotJ., CTp. 159.
399
400
401
526
rrmoe ( on c.rrymm1 o,n;Ho Bpe:\rn: cenpeTapeu rro.·mu;eftc1rnro ROMJ:Iccapa, BcTy
IlHJI B }IOHarneciaIM op,n;eH 1rnrryn;IIHOB, 6hm rrpurcrnopeH K TIOpeMHOMY 3aRJno
qeHIUO B CBH3II C 6aHnp0TCTBOM) 405. B cepeJ:VIHe )IaJI 6hm pa3o6Jif f[Ieff, Hc
RJIIOlleH na cocTaBa HoMMYHhI n apecroBan 8:\n1:1b h'.:i:e:.\taH, KoTophIH, IŒR no
KaaaJio cJie,n;cTBIIe, 6hIJI CBH3aH c 110.r.ŒTIJTrnc1wii rro.rrrr.o;Reir B rrepno,n; BTopoiî
IIM:II-epRH. Bypyqn 13 :.\i.Ia.H Ha3HalleH lJ:IeHO:.\-[ I-tO:.\l1ICNIH o6�e·CT-BeHIBOli 6e3o'
IIaCHOCTH, OH c,n;e.rraJI IIOIIbITRY rrpOHHRHYTh B apxlIB rrpecpeRTYPhI, "IJTOfü,1
ll3'bHTI-, H YHlllJTOlliIITb KOMIIpOMeTHpyIOin;He ero J:J;OKY�ŒHTbl. 8To Boa6y,AIIJIO
11poTHB Hero no,n;o3peHHJI, n OH 6M:i apecTonaH 406• ,Il;�rrH paccJie,n;oBaHHH ,11;eJia
6hlJia coa,n;aHa KOMHCCIUI B COCTaBe ,IJ;BYX lJ:.IeHOB h.Œ,UICCIIII o6�eCTBeHHOH 6e30IIaCIIOCTH - A. ,[(10rr0Ha H IIIa.rreHa. B cBoe)I ;::i;o:n.rra,n;e, ,ri;an1poBaHHOM 20
lla.H li 011y6JIHROBaHHOM Ha CJ1e,n;y10in;I1n: ;n;eHb, OHII o6oCHOBbIBa:JII CBOH BhIBO)];
o BMJHOBHOCTII 8. Rm�MaHa JJ;BYMH IlIICh1rn1rH, a;Iip,ec-oBaHHbnrn HM npeq>eKTY
IIOJIHn;BH B 1862 r. B 8THX IUICb�IaX 8. l\JJe)IaH paCCbIIIaJIC.H B ynepeHH.HX npe
,n;aHHOCTH HarroJieoHy III, ,n;o6nnaJICH ay::i;neHn;nu y 1n1nepaTopa H aa;rnJIH.1,
'ITO 3HaeT cpe,n;cTBO, ROTopoe HaBcer.n;a ynpo1InT no:romeHrre u;apcTBy10i.u;eii ,n;n
uacTHH 407 . Ha1Iaroe B nocJiep;nMe lJ:Hil no)n1yHh1 ;ie.10 8:\1n:i.H B.:1e)Ia1Ia He ÔhI:Jo
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Aa:nr ROHTppeBOJIIOIJ;HOHHOli npecce IIOBO,IJ; ;r:pH pe3KHX Harra;::i;o:n Ha RoMMyHy.
K. MapKc, BCRpbrnaJI Jnn:i;eMepnh1ii xapa:nTep 3TIIX Harra;a;m,, IIIICaJI: <<PaaBe
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BCe e�e ,OCTaBa.HCb MHHHCTpüM lIHOCTpaHHhIX ,::i;e:r <Dpam::i;un, rr,po.u;aBaJI ee B11c
)IapRy H ;::t;lJRTOBa..:I rrpIIRa3bl o6pa3l.J;OBO:.\IY 6e.1hflIMCK011Y rrpaBHT8.TlhCTBY, ec.111:
Hol\DfyHa H3rHaJia H3 CBOeH cpe,n;hl JI apeCTOBaJrn OAHOfO H3 CBOIIX qJieHOB, RO
TOphIH npoopaJIC.H B Hee IIOJJ; BhIMhIIII::IeHHhDI H:\IeHe:.\I IIOCJie mecTII ÀHe-H a1pe-cTa
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llIHMOCTb, RaK 3TO ;i,eJiaJ.IH nce ·CTaph!e npaBHTe:.tbCTBa 6e3 HCK:r10qeHIUI>) 408•
B cocTaBe KoMMYHLI HMeJiac:& co3p;aHHaJI 18 arrpe:i.H crre:a.11.aJihHaH 1mM11c
CHJI no nponepRe rrpomJioft ,AfüITeJihHOCTII Bcex l!.1eHOB KoMMYHhl 409• Ho :no
MHCCHH aTa, n cocTaB RoTopoiî BXO.D;HJIH IlpoTo, Pnro, M1rn, ,I(e1rn H JlaHmenen,
He ycrreJia pa3B0PHYTb CBOIO p;eHTe:IhHOCTb.
Ma ncex rromITuqecRHx rpyrrnupoBoK, ROTOpbrn 6MIlpoe:«T peoprauuaaa;uu JIII rrpe,n;cTaBJI0Hb I B n.oMMyHe, :.ryqrne Bcex coaHaeoeuRoro Tpu6yuam� Ba.:IH Heo6xop;IDIOCTI, ycn:i:eHHH peHO:J.IOUHOHHOro
u o6m;enoJIBTBqeciœ:u
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llT06bl Ha CRaMhlO rrop;cyp;nMhIX 6hI:.IH rrocameHbI TaI,me II Te 6ecCTbI,[l;IIhie
4os «IIpoToROJihI», T. II, cTp. 145-147.
406 «L e Tribun du Peuple)>, 19 mai 1871.
407 «Journal officiel», 21 mai 1871.
408 R. Ma p R C. fpaïHÀt<lH'CR.aH BOÜHa BO
Coll., T. 17, CTp. 352.
-409 «TipOTOKO:rihI>>, T. [, CTp. 219.
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HHTbCH o:npy,irnoii l\rnpnn II COBepmaIOT pa3.1:HqHhle 3JIOYIIOTpe6JieHHH. <cM1.,1
aaJJ;epmann p;eBHTh qe.ïoBeI-.,-- coo6:rn;a.ï Ma.::roH,- OAIIH yKpLIJI 10 ThlC. <pp.,
;i;pyroii ceH:r .n;eaoprarruaau;mo B aau;noHaJI1.,aoiî rBap;i;aH. 3rn AOBHTI, qe;.Io1
41 ° C. A. Dauba n. Op. cit., p. 219.
411 Murailles, t. II, p. 458.
412 «IlpOTOROJihl>>, T. II, CTp. 293.
TaM me, crp. :l05.
TaM me, crp. 317.
•1 s TaM ïKe, CTp. 33:5.
413
414
528
neK Bhlttyill(eHhI... >>. B 38.RJIIotJ:ea:ue MaJIOH rrorpeôoBa.rr aipocTa qJieHOB CoBeTa
3T0f0 'JlerllOHa, IIOA'lepKHyB, 'ITO .nonomeHHe, C03AaBmeecH B OKpyre, MOiKe.T
rraryôno OTpa8HTI.CJI Ha o6opoae Ilap:uma H coa,n;aTh yrpoay BOpOTaM RnHmH,
Au:&epa ll RypcMH. H1urn«oro orrpeµ;eneaaoro pemeHHH no aTOMY Borrpocy
HOMMYHa ne rrpHHSIJia 416• •
28 a�penH 6hIJIO onyonHKOBaHo IlOCTaHOBJieHHe aa IlO,tr;IlHChIO iRaKJiapa,
p;eyx <>4>:u:u;epOB ero ll1Ta6a, KOMaHp;HpOB AeBHTH 6aTaJibOHOB, 1IJl0HOB RoM
MyHLl A. Jl:ronoHa :a MaJio:ea H tIJ:IeHOB oKpymnoiî KOMMyHaJihHOiî KOMHCCHH.
IlocTaHOBJieHMe ::no pacrryCK3-JIO COBeT 17-ro 'JlerHOHa , OÔ'MIBJIJlJIO aep;eiÎCTBH
TeJILRh'IMH Bce ero pemeHHH, '.flPe6oBaJio ero rrepena6tpaHHH II rupe,u;yI11pem,u;aJio,
tJTO JIHu;a, BHHOBHhle B H088KOHHOM BMemaTeJII.CTBe B ,u;ena BOeHHOro KOMaH
,u;oeaHHH, 6y,u;yT npe,u;aBaTbCJl BOeHHOMy TpH6ynany 417•
8To nocTaHoBJ1eB11e ue 6:w10 npoBeµ;eno B iKH3Hh. Ha aace,rr;aHHH RoMMYHLI
1 MaH o,u;HH H8 ee 1JJieHOB (BH,Il;HMO MaJIOH) C TpeBorOiî yRa8hlB8JI Ha 6ecnopH
,u;oR, u;ap�i B XV'II OKpyre, na TO, 'ITO TaM cyiqecTByeT <<TaHHhIH KOMHTeT»,
KOTOphli pacx1n�aeT ]l;euLrH, np:uaa,u;JieiKaiu;He OKpymaoü MapHH, n coBepmaeT
npOH3BOJil,Hlile apecThl. OpaTop o6paTHJICH K 'lJieHaM HcnoJIHHTeJihHOii RO
MHCCBH C npocn6oi B3HTh Ha ce6JI BOCCTaHOBJ10HH0 nOpH,n;Ka B OKpyre llJIH iKe
npeA<)CTaBHTb ORPYiRHOÜ M8PHH «Heorpan:uqeHHl>Ie IlOJIHOMO-qHH ,tr;JIH npe«pa
ll{0HHH 6ecnopH,u;ROB». 06cyiK,n;eu:ue aToro BOIIpoca 8aKOH'lHJIOCL aa.aBJieH:neM
npe,u;ce,u;aTeJIJI, 'ITO OKpyiRHhle MapHH <<pacrronaraIOT AOCTaTO'lHhIMH IIOJIHOM01IHHMH)) AJIH rrpecetieHHH II0)(06HhIX 6ecnopJIAKOB 418•
O,u;naKo yme Ha cJieAYIO�eM 8ace�aHHH (2 :&.rnH) KoMMyHe cnoBa rrp:u
mnoco aaHHMaTbCH paccMOTpeHHeM «ompJIHKTa B XVII o«pyre. ManoH pac
cKa3aJI o B:h13hlBaro�eM noBe,u;eHHH Mrona, KOTOpLii aaHBHJI eMy, qTo np:aaaaeT
TOJihKO CQBe'l' Jiel'BOHa H qTO eCJIH 6LI 3TOT COBeT rrpnxaaaJI eMy apeCTOBaTh
'lJI0HO:S Ro:u:Myu:Lt OT AaHHOrO OKpyra, OH BhIIIOJIHHJI 6hl 8TOT np:u:Ka8. Jie
q>paHC8 noTpe60BaJI ,. qT06LI Bec1, coBeT ner:uoua 6hIJI apecTOBaH, H OCYA:UJI Ma
Jiona aa TO, 'ITO on ne ·apecToeaJI Mrona. MaJIOH onpaeAhIBaJicH, rOBOps, 1ITO
ou He CAeJiaJI aToro rro npocwe iKaRJiapa, KOTOpLiii, 6y,n;yq:u oc«op6neH Mrona,
BLI3BaJI ero Ba AY8Jlb H He XOTeJI, 'lT06hl C03AUJI0Ch BrreqaTJI0HHe, 6yATO OB
IIhITaeTcn: :ua6ema-rh AyBJIH nyreM apeeTa cBOOro IIpoTHBHHKa. ,l1;oeOAhl, npB
B8AeH1I:hie ManoHOM B onpaBAan:ee CBOero uepemHTeJihHOro rrOBeAeHHH, 8BY
ti:an:u CTOJlh Hey6eAUTeJihHO, 11TO eMy npHmJIOCh o6e�aTb apecToBaTb MroJI9�
1rn R 'l'OJihKO àTo oRameTCJI ooaMomHLIM. ManoH AOOaBHJI, 1ITO ua AeCJITH ROMaB
.rvrpoB 6aTaJibOHOB XVII ORjpyra AeBHTh rroMeipmHearoT rrpeAcTaBHTeJieii
RoMMYffLI H OTKa8hI"BaIOTCH np:uaHaBa'fh M10Jia. B 8aKJI10qeHHe OR- coo6tqHJI, 1ITO y,Ré OTAaJI np1nma o rrpHBJielleHHH MroJJa R cy,ri;e6aoiî OTBeTCTBeH
.Hoc-r:u: 419.
HecMOTp.a Ha saBepeaù Manona, apeCTOBaTL Mrona He YAaJioc&. IIonoiKe
·n11e B XVII· oxpyre npo,u;onmano 06ocTpJIT1>cJ1. B HOqh na 6 MaH rpynrra Boopy
arnHHhlx JIIOAei sanana Ha noMel[\eH11e mTa6a nernoHa; Hana,n;eHneM PYKOBO
AHJI, IIO-BH)(HMOMY, M10na 420. 10 MaH lliaRnaip oqrnu;:uaJI1>Ho aaRBHJI, 'ITO yxo
ABT C IlOCTa aaqaJibHHKa JierHOHa, qTOOhl IlOJIOiRHTb ROHe:a; BHyTpeHHHM ,pa3ÂOfPaM; oH Jl.OOaBHJI, qTo ero JllPeeMHHR �OJiiKeH 6hITb :ua6paH oo�HM co6pa
HBeM 6aTaJihOHHhIX KOMall;n;:upoB OKpyra 421• IlocT, KOTOphli 8aHHMaJI npe,u;aH
HhlH peBOJIIOil;HOHep H eo�aJIUCT ma1map, ;n;ocTaJICJl aeaHTIOpHCTY MIOJI8 422.
ÜH ÔYJI, BKAHMO, Ta-iHhIM areHTOM BepcaJih�eB: rrocne rro;n;aBJieBWI RoMMYHbl'
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
cllpoTOKOJILI», T. I, cTp. 355-3.58.
dournal officiel», 28 avril 187f.
«IlpOTOKOJII,I)), T. Il, CTp. 14-15.
TaM me; T. II, cTp. 41.
B. M a 1 o n. Op. cit., p. 298.
dournal officiel», 11 mai 1871.
«IlpOTOKOJILil:t, T. II, CTp. 66.
31, IIapèmcHaR Rovvyua, T. I
529
OH Il'OMOOTHJI B raaeTax IlHChMO, B }WTOpoM 83HBJIHJI, qTo CTpeM.l:IJICH aaHHTh
.n;o.liiRHocTb HaqaJihHHRa XVII JienrnHa c eJ:{HHCTBeHHoii qeJI.LIO cp;aT.L BepcaJib
n;aM BopoTa KJIHIDH n Maüo.
TpeBomHoe noJiomeHne cJiomnJioc1, H B VIII oRpyre. Ha aace,u;amrn: 2 Ma.H
MaJIOH roBopHJI: << BaM H3BeCTHO, qTo B BaTHHhOJie Mhl naxop;HMCH no.n; 60JI1>
mo.:ë: yrpoao.:ë: H Y{TO B CJiyqae Harra,n;eHJUI Mhl MomeM OKa3aT.LCH aaxBaqeHJH:iIMII
c TLIJia. B VIII oRpyre HMeeTc.H 5 HJIH 6 ThlC. qeJioBeK, ROTOpLie MO.ryT HaM
IlpRY{mHD.'Th 6-oJihl]]Jie 3a1'py�e.HHH». TpBl,Il;oH OOJfl'Bep.n;H.1I, 1ITO «B Map:p:u VIH
OKpyra HMeeTCH cmrnp; opyanrn: ,n;JIH peaKIJ,HoHepoBi 423•
He6JiarorroJiyqno o6cTo.HJio JWJIO H B V oKpyre. 3AeCb, KaK H B HeKoTo
phlx ,n;pyrnx ORpyrax Ilap.Hma, ROHTppeBOJIIOD;HOHHhle aJieMeHTbl pa3iKHl'aJIH
B CBOIIX Bpe,n;HT0JihCRI1X n;e.'IHX ROH<pmIRThl Me,iqzy oxpyaœoü Mapn:eii, BO
rJiaBe ROTopoii CTOHJI qJieH n.oM.MYHhl Pem:ep, H coBeToM JierHoHa, npeµ;ceµ;a
TeJieM IWTOporo HBJIH.1:ICH Jff. AJr.rreMaH 424•
IlpaBHTeJihCTBo HoMMYHhI ne rrpHHHJio - oTqacTH He ycrreJio rrpHHHTh Heo6xo,n;HMhlX Mep ,D;JIH JIHRBH,'l;an;m1. rrpoHCROB KOHTppeBOJIIOII;HOHHhlX 3JieMeH
TOB, OICOilaBmHXCH B pa3JIIPIHhIX qaCTHX ropo,n;a.
IloJiomen11e peBOJIIOII,HOHHoro Ilapnma 6hUlo B 3TOT MOMeHT qpe3Bhl"llaiiHo
THiReJihlM: 300 apT:IiJIJ1epnii:cRHX opy,n;nii BeJIH HpocTHhlii OOCTpeJI ropo]J;a, Bep
caJihCRne BOHCRa HaXO)];H.11.II.Cb B HeCROJihKHX COTHHX, a MeCTaMH H ne.CKOJil>KHX
;a;ecHTRax MeTpOB OT JIHHHII. ero BH0IDHHX yxpeWieHHB. PeBOJIIOD;HOHHLie ra
aeThl Tpe6oBaJIH aHeprHY{HhlX Mep ,n;n.a yKpenJieBHH ymm; u IIJiom;a,u;eii Ilapnma
Ha cJiyqa:ii -BTopmef fBJI Bepca.1hIJ.e-B. I'a3eTa «Père Duchêne» KpK'I.HKOBaJia
PHro 11 <l>eppe, o6BHHHH 3THX ,n;eHTeJieü HoMMYBhl B TOM, 1ITO OBH He Bep;yT
-cepb03HOH 6opb6hl C aaroBopr.u;HRRrtUI, OTIIYCKaIOT Ha CB06o� IIOJ(08Jl)HTeJib
RhIX JIIO,D;eli, He y,n;eJIHIOT )];OJiiRHOfO BHHMaHIDJ oxpaHe BOpOT ropo1-(a, H npep;
..JiaraJia o6bIC.KHBaTb Bcex BhIXO,rI;RIII;HX H3 Hero MymqnH H meBID;HH. Ta me ra
aeTa )];ORa3hlBaJia, Y{TO Heo6xo,n;HMO peRBH3HpoBaT.b BCe opym:ne li 6oeBwe IIpH
rrachl, HM0l0m;HeCH Ha CE:.raµ;ax opy.meiiHHKOB, TJT06hl OHB ne MOrJIH HH BLI1B03TH opymue aa npe,n;eJihI Ilapnma, RH cna6WJTL HM BparoB RoMMYJIH 425•
fhu npe;a;JiomeHHH He 6bIJIR ocym;ecTBJieBhI. He 6hIJio oc�eCTBJleHo H
npe,u;Jiom:eHHe ROMHTeTa 6,n;HT8JlbHOCTII XX ORpyra ( npoJieTapcKoro no co
·CTaBy cnoero HaCeJIBHIIH) o6'bRBHTb Han;HoHaJILHOe coopaHHe pacnym;eHHLIM,
.a ero tIJieHoB - BHe aaRoHa. ÔTo npe;a;.iom:enue 6MJio saqnTaHo Ha aace,n;aHBH
RoMMYfihl 19 Ma.fi, HO o6cym,n;eHHe ero 6hlJIO OTJiom:eHo BBBJ{Y 3a.JIBJieHBH
-qJiena H.oMHTeTa o6rn;ecTBeHHoro crraceHHH faM6oHa, 11ro KoMHTeT aan:a
.MaeTCH Bhlpa6oTROH pemeHHH no 3TOMY nonpocy 426•
21 .MfüI B o<pHq-HaJILHO.H raaeTe RoMMyHLI DOHBHJIOCL
IlocTauouJJeHBe
lleuTpam,eoro ROMBTeTa IlOCTaHOBJieHHe U:eHTpaJILHOI'O KOMHTeTa Ha�HOHaJIL
HOÜ rBap;a;nn, npe}:J;JiaraBmee >IDITeIDIM Ilapllm:a
0 C02R)KeBBB
ofü1aaTe.JlbCTB
<< npn6hITh na M0CTO CBoero »(HTeJI.LCTBa B Te11enue
rocy�apcTBeBHoii peHThl 48 qacOB>); IIOCTaHOBJieHHe npeAynpem,n;ano Tex, RTO
B RHBrB
rocy11;apcTBCBHOrO ));OJil'a He B03BpaT.HTCH B Ilapnm R YRa3aHHoMy cpol(y, qTo
np11Rap;JieïI-rnll\He HM ofüruran;im rocyAapcTBeHHO:ë:
peHThl H :KHHra rocy;a;apcTBeHHOro AOJira 6yJcyT com:m.eHLI 427• To o6CTOKTeJib
CTBO, tITO 3TO IIOCTaHOBJieHHe 6hIJIO orry6JIBKOBaHO B npaBHTeJILCTB0HHOM op
rane KoMMyHhl, npHAaBaJio eMy AO H3BeCTHo:ü CTeneHH oq>HI{HaJILHLiii xapaK
Tep, XOTH IIO}:J;IIHCaHO ORO 6hl.:IO O}J;HHM JIHillh "IJJI0HOM: neHTpaJILHOro ROMHTeTa
BHRTüpOM rpeJibe.
42 3
424
425
-426
t27
530
«IlporoKOJII>I>>, T. II, crp. 41, 45.
J. Allem ane. Op. cit., p. 67-73.
•Le Père Duchêne>), 3 prairial an 79 (22 mai 1871), p. 2-4.
dlpoToKOJII>I», T. II, crp. 335.
dournal officiel», 21 mai 1871.
Ony6n11KOBaH11e aToro ,n;OK-yMeHTa Bhl3BaJio OOJILmoe BOJIHeH11e cpe,n;11 qJie-.
HOB RoMMYHhI, oco6eHHO Tex, RTO rrp11Ha,ll;JlemaJI R <<MeHhillDHCTBY>>. Ha aace
;u;aa1111, rrpOHCXO,ll;HBIDeM B TOT me )'.(eHh, JlaHmeBeH aaaBHJI, 1ITO ll;eHTpaJibHhlH
KOM.HTeT, H3,D;aB TaRoe IIOCTaHOBJieHlie, npeBhICIIJI CBOII IIOJIHOM01IIIH, Il 'l!TO OHO
IIpBHeCeT KoMMyHe TOJibKO Bpe,n;, B036y,n;HT npOTIIB Hee He,D;OBOJihCTBO I( HeHa
BHCTL. Ilpep;ce,n;aTeJILCTBy10m;11:ü (BaJIJiec) corJiaCHJICH c aT11M. <<8To - o,n;Ho
118 onacHeÎÎmHX cpo6m;eHH:Ü:, OHO B3BOJIHOBaJIO o6m;ecTB8HHOe MHeHDe>>,- aa
M6THJI IBypp;. ÜH npe,n;JIOiRHJI llOMeCTHTb B oqnu.:i;naJibHO:Ü: raaeTe onpoBepme--
HHe :noro coo6m;eH1u1 H yKaaaTL, qTo OHO HaIIe1IaTaHo no om116ue. Jle<f>paHca
IIOTpe6oBaJI apecTa I'peJibe. lliyp,n; BhICKa3aJICH 3a TO, 1IT06hl eMy 6blJIO BhIHe
ceHO rropnIWHHe. RypHe npe.n;Jiom11JI noTpe6oBaTL o6'bHCHeHHii y 'l!JieHoB Ro
MHTeTa o6m;ecTB8BBOro cnaceHDJI.
HecKOJihKo l'lHyIO noa11u;1110 aaHHJI IIacRaJih fpycce. «Ocym,n;an: na11e1IaTa
HHe :noro coo6m;eHIDI,- CKa3aJI OH,- H, O)];HaKO, npomy npHHHTb MepbI
K YHH1IT07ReHDIO Bcex n;eHHhIX 6yMar' np11Ha,n;Jiemam;11x BepcaJibII;aM, B TOT
,n;eHL, xor,n;a OHH, B03MOiRHO, BCTYIIHT B IIapHiR>}. 8TH CJIOBa Bhl3BaJID myM
B 3aJie. B11:üopa 3a.HBHJI, 1ITO aaMeTRa aa IIO,ll;IIHCbIO rpe.rihe IIOHBHJiaCb B rre1IaTH B peayJILTaTe RaJWrO-TO He,n;opaayMeHHH. Ü,D;HH H3 rrpHCYTCTBYIOrrt;HX Bhl
pa3HJI rrpe,n;no.rromeH11e, 1ITO pe,n;aKTOp ocf,11u;11aJI.hHoii raaeThl Bea11HLe, «Be
poHTHO, He BHp;eJI BepeTI-m». CHoBa B3HBm:o::ü CJIOBO B:u:iioipa -rnpHcOeJOIHHJICH
R npy,n;oHHCTaM. <<H IIOJiararo,- CRa3aJI OH,- "l!TO s,n;e-cb HMeeTCH HaCTO�HlÏ
aarOBOp C u;eJihIO HaHeCTH Bpe,n; HaIIIHM cf,nHaHCOBhIM HHTepecaM. T01I.HO TaR
>Ke HeCROJlhRO p;Heii Ha3ap; IIhITaJIHCb aaRphITb BHpmy, He HMeH Ha TO pacrropH
meHHH HH oT RoMMYHhl, HH oT RoMHTeTa o6m;ecTBeHHOro crraceHHH. HaM Ha,n;o
Y3HaTL, OTRy,n;a HCXO,ll;HT 8TH y,n;aphl, HaHOCHMhie BTHXOMOJIKy>>.
06çym,n;eHHe ,n;ena 3aKOH1IBJIOCb rrpHHHTDeM pe30JIIO:rt;HD, npe,n;JiomeHHOH
Jleff>pauca 428• ÛT1I8T 00 8TOM aace,n;aHHH, HaI1e1IaTaHHhlH B O<pHII;HaJibHOH ra
aere RoMMyahl, -6hIJI �noJI·HeH c.rre,n;yrom;JIM ooo6m;eHTHeM: «I'pamAa-Him Be3HHhe, ,n;e.rreraT rrpH «Officiel», KOTopoMy ;z:i;pynrn 3aHHTHH 110Mema.rr11 rrp11cyT
CTBOBaTh B Ha1IaJie sace,n;aHHH, 8aHBHJI B KOHn;e aace,n;aHHH, 1ITO TOJibKO BCJiep;
CTBHe ,n;oca,n;He:Ü:me:ü: oum6KH, 1IHCTO JIH1IHOe rrpe,n;JiomeHHe, IIO;IJ;HHCaHHOe
I'peJI.he, KOTOpoe IIOCTYIIHJIO B ero OTCYTCTBHe H He npe,n;Ha3Ha1IaJIOCb ,rt;JIH rre
qaTH, OKa3aJIOCh cpe,n;H ny6JIHRY0MhIX ,rt;ORyMeHTOB H 6blJIO IIOMem;eHO B oqm
rt;HaJU,HOH qacTl:I>) 429•
Ta« aaKOH1IHJICH aTOT JI106onMTHhlii anHao,n;. He,n;ocTaToK ,n;oKyMeHTOB He
II03BOJIHeT HCTOpHKaM BhIHCHHTb BCe o6cTOHTeJibCTBa aToro ,n;eJia,. B KOTOpOM
MHOr-O HeHCHOCTe:H. 06'bHCHeH11e , ROTOpoe ;-:(aJI eMy <<Journal officiel», BhI
rJI,HAHT He 01IeHh y6e,n;HTeJihHO. EcJIH yqeCTb, 1ITO Be3HHbe, 6y;a;yq11 6JIH30K
JC 6JiaHKHCTaM, HBJIHJICJI CTOpOHHHROM pemHTeJihHhIX Mep no OTHOilleHHIO
n• COOCTB8HHOCTH oypmya3HH, a rpeJihe HaXO,ll;IIJICH B ,rt;pymeCKHX OTHOIIIeHDHX
C Bll,rt;HLIM 1M:8HOM RoMHTeTa o6m;ecTBeHHOro crraceHDH 6JiaHKHCTOM AHTyaHOM
ApHO, TO MO)RHO npe,n;rroJIOmHTh, 1ITO Harre1IaTaH11e 3aMeTRH 3a IIO,rt;IIHCbIO
I'peJn,e BOBCe He 6hIJIO K8KOH-TO CJiyqa:Ü:HOCTbIO. B03MOiRHO, 1ITO 8TO 6LIJI
npo6HhIÎI map, nym;eHHhl:Ü: B xo,n;, 1IT06hl aanyraTL 6ypmyaaHhlx ,n;eJihII;OB, 6e
maBIIIHX B BepcaJI.h, no6yA}I:Th iµ: 0KaaaT1> ,n;aBJieHHe Ha rrpaBHTeJILCTBO T1,epa
11 aacTaBH'T.h ero OTKa8aTbCH OT m-rypMa IIa,pn:ma.
Ko11e1IHO, rrpaKTH1I0CKH ,n;expeT 6h!JI BpJI,n; JIH ocy�eCTBHM B TOT MOM0HT.
Ha .a'i'o crrpaue,rt;JIDBO YRaaaJia o.n;Ha napn:mcKaH raaeTa peBOJIIOII;HOHHo-,n;eMo
KpaT.w1ecxoro nanpaBJieHHJI, IIHCaBmaH, 1ITO B BepcaJie HaBepHJIRa HMeeT-cJI
ROIIH.H :mmr:o: rocy,n;apcrBeHHoro ,n;oJira H 1ITO Te, KTO yexaJI 11a IIapHma II c,n;an
CBOH o6Jin:ra�HH B MHHHCTepcTBO cp11HaHCOB HJIH BO <DipaHu;yaCKHH 6aHR,
�8 dlpoTOKOJILI», T. II, CTp.
TaK u He 6LIJIB npBBJITLI.
•
29
346-348.
Bnpoq:eM, <<Mephl rrpece1IeHHH» npoTBB fpeJILe
«Journal officiel», 22 mai 1871.
34*
5�1
,., .. ,n;o1-ty)1eHThl, IlO,IJ;TB€1Pm.rlaIOm;.u:e HX npaBa Ha 3TH
BepOHTHO, yne3JIU: C COOOlf
o6nuran;Hn 430•
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na,n; peBOJIIOIJ;llOHHhlM 1Iap11llieM, ycH.TIIIBaJia NOJie6aHHH cpe]{H HeycTOBi'IHBO:ii
11acTu 1IJieHoB rrpannTeJihCTBa HoMMYHM. EcTh cBe,n;eHHH, "ITO 20 Ma.a B:uiiopa
B KaqecTBe qJieHa noM11reTa o6ID,eCTBeHuoro crraceHu.a BccynHJI B neperoBopu
c 'TaKoii KpyrrHoii 6y,pmyaaHoü opraHnaau;ne.ü, Kai, Han;:e:oHaJILHLiii co10a cuH
,Il;HKaTOB TOffH'OB.TIH, IllpO�fhlIII.1IeHHOCTH n Tpyp;a ( OH 00'.be]{HHJIJI 56 opraiœaa
Il;HH B HacqHThlBaJI 7-8 ThIC. "tl.îeHoB), IIO Bonpocy O npexpam;eHIDI orHH H
BhIJpaoonrn cor.narneH1rn Memp;y IIaipH»ŒM II BepcaJieM. 3ni neperoBopLI 6unu
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431
432
532
<<Le Tribune du Peuple>>, 22 mai 18i1.
P. Lan j a 11 e y et P. Cor riez. Op. cit., p. 516.
ProcPs de la Commune, p. 4.i-4& 156-157.
itrèum;HJ;Jhl, BC.e 6oJiee MHOroqHc:reH1Ihie, COIIfp<)BOîK,Il;aIO-T HX, qTOÔhl yxamH8'8TL 3a paHeHhlMH, yro.rrHTh mamJcy yMllpaIOiqHX, BhlCJiynmBaTh llOCJie.zonrn
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.ua E. R e c l u s. · Op. cit., p. 303-304.
434 3. JI H CC a ra p a. YKa3. OOtJ:., C'I'p. 313.
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qecRn He nccJieÀoBaHHhUin .n;o:ny�ieHTa:\IH BoeHHoro cyp;a (Conseil de Guerre)
Il apxn:Bax cl>pano;y3CKOfO BoeHHOfO MlIHHCTepcTBa 1•
HH'I'epec npep;cTaB.'IHI01' Tal.me OT'leThI B KH.'Hrax, HaUH.CaHHhIX IlpoTIIBH'H
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o6-
<lloBAI.I Clubs, Comités, Associations diverses, C-22 (Àa:rne: Conseil de Guerre).
B Archives nationales,
Archives de la Seine, Archives de la Bi bliothèque historique de la ville de Paris,
lstituto Feltrinelli B l\hrnane, B IIncTnTyTe 1rrnpKCB3Ma-JieHHH.Hi3Ma B MocRee.
2 HanpHMep, JI. d' A 1 m é r a s. La vie parisienne pendant le siège et la Commune.
Paris, 192ï; Ph. A ud e b r a n d. Histoire intime de la Révolution du 18 mars. Paris.
1872; Edm. et Jules de Go nco urt. Journal, t. IV 1870-1871. Paris, 1935.
1
J:{orroJIIIBTeJILHbie CB€,1;emu.1 ,qa10T ,noKy�rnH'TbI, xpaH�HecH
534
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Comité Central des 20 Arrondissements
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ocafV>]: ·3lIMOH 1870-1871 rr., 11,u;eonorn:qecKHii xapaKT€-p BTOiî: 6Qpb6hl 6hIJl
BO MHOI'OM c,po;.{HH gBHïIŒHJIIO CTOpOHHH.KOB RoMMYRLI B ,n;pyrHx roipoAaX.
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ves départementales, série M, Police générale (oco6eHHo M 6, Police administrative);
série R 4, Garde nationale, a TaKme no� cne[(BeJI1>HI,nn1 py6p1maMn.; npoTOKOJI1,1 aace.u;a
HHii Mj'HBD;HIIaJibHblX COBeTOB B KpynHLIX ropo.n:ax; KOMIIJI0KTbl IIpOBlIHIJ;liaJlbHhlX ra30T
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<<Upa'BHTeJlbCTBa Han;HOH8JlbHOH o6opoHLI», IIO,r:(I'OTOBJ.I.SI'BIIIYIO ceMHTO:MH0e ll3,n:amrn En�uête parlementaire sur les actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale, 7 v. (Paris
1872-1875) ; ,D;OKyMeHThl, upe.u;cmBJieHHhle 0Kpym1p,IM
cy;a;e-6HLIM naJJ.a.'00.'M ,II.,TUI
Enquête parlementaire sur l'isurrection du 18 mars 1871, 3 v. (Versailles, 1872); Co
mité International des sciences historiques. La Première Internationale. Pé.riodiques,
1"864-1877. Tome I, Répertoire international des sources pol,lr l'étude des mouvements
sociaux aux XIX et .XX siècles. Paris, 1958.
535
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B cl,eBpaJie 1871 r.
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IIOJlY1llIJlH IIporpai\Bfa R CilllCOR haHJ];H;IJ;aTOB, npe�JIOïReHHhle B CB.R3H C BI,160paMH B Han;IIoHa:IhIIOO co6paune ABYMH OCHOBHhIMII opraHll38D;BHM.H napum
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(pe{)ÂaJIH3lfa>); ycTaHOB.""IeHIIe pecrryo:nn-aI, nOTOpa.JI rrepe-�aCT l)J)Y.lJIII(RllCK
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paBeHCTBa 5•
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5
536
Les Murailles politiques fran<;>aises (,1a..,ee Murailles), t. I, Paris, 187'4, p. 866.
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7
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8
538
Murailles, t. nt p. 420.
a:0:60 :o:cnpam1rnaJUI y RoMMYHhl HJIH y MeCTHblX OKpyïRHblX M8p0B IIOJIHOMO
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li B peaoJIIOI\IUIX AJIH raaeT.
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BomHpap 13.
4). Mo6HJinaoBaTo 6,a;HTeJILHOCTI, Hapo)J.a rrpoTHB p;eiîcTBHH rrpoBepcaJib
CKHX aJieMeHTOB B CTOJIHI.J,0. HanpHMep, H.Jiy6 rrpoJieTapHeB ( He HMeBmHii
CBOero llOCTOHHHOfO MeCTa) 14 Maa npH3BaJI rpam,a;aH HCilOJIHHTh IIOJIHn;ei9 HecKOJIJ,KO CJiy11aeB aamITlUI m1y6aMB: �epKOBHhlX IIOMem;eun:ü: 3aKOHHLIM nopn:,n;
KOM npnoo,r,;e1110 B• rontre: P. Font ou 1 i eu. Les églises de Paris sous la C.Ommun-e (J>a
ri,s, 187'3, pp·. ii3, 50, 181, 270). B KallOOTBe Irp'K•Mepa o6pam;eB11I.11 KJIYOOB 'K B Jl6.CTHM RolM
My-Hhl sa paapemeB:BeK eM. peOOJIIOQHIO R:ryoo OO[tllaJII,!10.Ü: peBOJIIO[tll'K, UpHHHTy-10 2 Ma.R
n 0!6p.em;enicy10 •R 1œpn..11 XVII œpyira c rrpocwoir rrp�ocTaB.lfih B ero pa·cnop.mmeune !llO
Mem;enue n;epRBll CeH-MBilleJ11> (Conseil de Guerre, C-22).
10
Murailles, t. II, p. 145.
11 CM., mmp1n.rnp,: Union des femmes ( <<Journal officiel», 14 avril 1871); Comité
républicain socialiste du V arr. (Murailles, t. II, p. 11-7) ; Les divers Comités fusionnés
du XI arr. (Murailles, t. Il, p. 84-85); Le club Éloi (P. Fo n t ou 1 i eu. Op. cit.,
p. 61-62).
12 CM., HanpuMep, IIHCLMO RJiy6y �epKBH CeHT-8CTam, IIOJJy-qeHHOe 16 Ma.fi JI Tpe
OOBaBmee µpHBeCTH a,Jl;Mll.HlICTpaTHBBhIH nepcoHaJI B 6oeBy10 rOTOBHOCTI,; IlBCLMO B RoM
MYRY oT RoMllTeTa Bm1mpap XIV oKpyra oT 13 MaH, B KOTopoM co�epmaJiac1, maJ106a
H,a IIIROJILHOI'O HHCIIe:KTOpa (Conseil de Guerre, G-22); 'IllICI,:MO, œen;RaJILHO am>ecoB18.HHôe
,[(eJieKJI�Y 14 Ma11 TeM me KJIYOOM, coo6m;aBmee 06 OCTaBJieHHH B00HHOro IIOCTa 008
paa,pemeffHH (T.aM me); ImCLMO <I>panReJIIO OT KO'Mll'reTa Coroaia paÔOTHll� XIII OKpyra
� maJio6oii Ha Bep;oCTaT01IHOe DpHBJle"!eHHe iR0HID;HH K o6m;eCTB0HHO IIOJI03HOMY Tpy,JI.Y
(Archives de la Seine :e B KHlITe La Commune de Paris, Exposition d'Art et d'histoire.
SaintrDenis, i935).
13
Conseil de Guerre, C-22.
539-
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opraBBaa[(RB
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CyMeJIH HaJia,ItHTb :aa,n;aHIŒ raseT 'H nelJ:aTaHHe nJiaiiaTOB, HM0JI-H eoo:a pyROBO,Z:V1IIî1I'0. n;euTphl. B ROJIJieRD;HHx raaeT nepnoAa RoMMYHhl coxpa.KH.1n1c1> T!JHI :e:a
im:x: <<Bulletin Communal» - opraH H.rry6a Cen-H:e:xoJia-Ae-Jllan III oKpyra;
«Le Prolétaire» - opraH HJiy6a npoJieTap11eB •B n;epKBH CeHT-A.M6pyaa XI
oRp�a 'lI «L'Ouvrier de l'avenir» - OfPran c.aHAHRaJILHhIX naJiaT 11 paf>oq:e:x
aooon;Han;:e:i. HaH60Jrne ,n;emeRhIM cpe;:i;cTBOM �rncco:so:ë: ar.uTa.1'HH 6hIJIH aq,umH,
·11 ·«Murailles politiques françaises>> co,n;epmaT HX B 113o6amm 17.
TeM ne Menee otcyTCTBHe cpe,rr.cTB B n;eJioM cBeJio nponara.HAHCTCKYIO pa6oTy KJiy6oB R YCTHhlM AHCRYCCHHM II H npHHHTHIO peaOJIIO�, ROTOpLie ne
pe):(aBaJIRCI, B APYrHe RJiy6hl n B netiaTh KOMMynapoB 18•
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uI:aI
14 Conseil
15
Ibidem.
de
Guerre, C-22.
16 E. S h u J k in d. Le rôle des femmes dans la Commune de 1871, d848. Revue des
révolutions conrtemporaines», t. XLII, fév. 1950.
_ 17
CM. ,D;HCKyccnro o c6ope cpe.u,cTB
,II,JUI
4<Le Prolétaire»
AM6 yaa 17 H 18 Ma.II (Conseil de Guerre, C-22).
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dournal officiel», «Le Vengeur>>, <<Le Réveil du peuple», «La Commune,, cParis libre,,
tLe Cri du peuple>> H «La Sociale».
19 dou-mal officieb, 1.4 avril 1871 ro.u,a. Ilo 3TOMY 11ouo]ly Ro10CYBa 11eicTBHTeJILHO
opraHB30BaJia c6opHhle IIYBKTLI B pa3.:IH'IHhlX OKpyrax C T.eM, 11T06hl COAeiCTBOB81'.L. �o
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�-rpa.n;ia.Bmnx OT 6oM6ap,;:i;HpoBRH, TO M3p II Onpyrn. o6ecne'IHJI .HX mlL·t:LeM B mnaaaeM
(«Le Réveil du peuple», 2 mai f871).
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20 «Journal ofiicieb, 14 avril 1871; CM. TaIORe peaomoa;:mo Rox11TeTa Bo.mupap OT
8 MaH, B KOTOpo:ii: KOHB.T8T npoCBJI AeBemHOH IlOHO�H y Koxxym>I C TeH, 'IIT06LI UM;eTL
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22 HanpHMep, Coroa me�, RaK 6LI110 BLIIlle yKaaano; CH. TaIOKe nBCLKO KOHeH
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35 IlapumcKalt KoMMYH3, T. I
541
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23
«Bulletin Communal», K:i:y6 CeH-lhn,o.-ra-,::i;e-lllaH, 6 mai 1871.
u CM. , HanpnMep, Iù1y6 npo.-iernpn:eB (CeHr-AM6pyaa) OT 9 :\ma; Peno;noIQlOHH:E.Iii
1my6 V oKpyra (6ea �aTLI ) - Conseil de Guerre, C-22.
25 PeBOJIIO�HOHHLiii KJiy6 V onpyra (6ea ;:r.an,1 ) - Conseil de Guerre C-22.
,
26 KJiy6 CeH-HHKoJia-;!l,e-IllaH - Conseil de Guerre, C-22-.
27 CTpeMJieHHe 1-.oop,i;1rn11poBaTb .Je.RTe.lbHOCTh li.J:YOOB 06napy1NHJIOCL e�e 38 1mo.ro
Mec11qen ;i.o npoBoar:i:iameHHH :h'.oM:uyHhI. �Io.,nHapn o cnoeii KHHre «Les clubs rouges pen
dant le siège de Paris» (Paris, 18ï1 ) roaopuT o co6pamrn 14 ;x_eK�6p11 1870 r., na KoTo
poM BLIJi;BHraJioCL Ta1'oe npe;:vwa-emie.
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29 <<Le Vengeur», 7 mai 1Sï1.
30 «Paris libre>> 4 mai 1871 (co6pam1e B aa:rn Mo.11,ep a).
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31 Co6 paHHe H36HpaTeJieii: IV oKpyra B JJnpaqecKoM TeaTpe: Archives de la Bibli
q
Gthè ue historique de la ville de Paris , serie 27. AHaaorH'IHoe 3alie11attue 61,mo cµ;eJiano
.\..icypy H6. ;i;py ro:M aace,u..aHHH, 19 MaJI. «Procrs-verbaux des séances de la Commune
de Paris de 1871», t. II. Paris, 19415.
32 Hanpmrnp, Il oopyr: Murailles, t. Il, p. 107, 110: UI onp yr - Jhid., t. 11, p. 1161
;
104 IV oKpyr � ibid., t. Il, p. 105, V 01,.pyr - ibid., t. TT, p. 80. 117; XVII oi.pyr- Murailles, t. II, p. 105, 116.
. .
33 HanpHMep, I oKpyr - ibid., t. Il, p. 232; Ill oi.pyr - 1b1d., t. IT, p. 232; VI oRpyr ibid., t. II, p . 113; VIII oKpy r - ibid., t. II, p. 220; XL oI-.:pyr - ibid., t. II, p. 84-83.
34 Murailles, t. II, p. 279.
35
Ibid., t. II, p . 521.
m..
3�*
543
R.bipamaJIOCb 'B 1pa3JIHlIHhIX TpOOoBaHHHX OT 33M0HLI MOHaXHHb B rOCilBTSJUIX
MaTepHMH ce1.t:eiiCTB p;o 60.rree anaqHT0JibHLIX, a HM0HHO - ImHcf>HcKan;HH n;ep
ROBHoro HMym;ecTBa 36• IloMHMO BOiltpOCOB
orpaHHlJ:8HHH AeHTeJILHOCTH ;i:orxo
BeHCTBa H O KoncfJHcKa:a;HH n;epKOBHoro HMym;ecTBa, 6oJibill00 BHHMaHHe me
JIHJIOCL 6opb6e C peJIHrHeii KaK n,a;eoJiorHeii. «O 8JIOBpe,n;HOM: BJIHHHHH peJIH
rHH; 0 cpe,a;CTBax ero ynHqTomeHHH» - 3HaqHJIOCb B IlOB0CTKe AHff aace,n;aHHH
o,a;Horo H3 KJiyooB. AeiicTBHTeJihIIO, MHorHe KJiyoLI npHCTYJIHJIH K npoBe)l;emno
taoo:ë: RaMrra.H.l:Ill 37• Han6oJiee 'CHJIL'HLIM opymHeM B aToM xarrpaBJie.H'B.ll oLIJio
ynpa8)l;H0HH0 IlpHXO,D;CKHX illKOJI H ycTaHOBJl8HHe CHCT0Mhl BC0001Il;8rO, 00C
rr.rraTHOro, CB0TCKOfO oopaaoBaHHH 38• IlpH)J;aBa.f.l OOJibIDOe 3HalJ:eHHe oopaaoBa
HHIO Ka:R ûHJie, Hecy:rn;eii OCBOOOiK)];eHne -qe.rrOBeKy, OHH XOTBJIH, '110 Bhlpa
meHHIO o�oro opaTQPa, << ••• nceo6m;ero , o6aaaTeJILHoro,
6ecruiaTnoro ooy
qeuna, IIpüBOJ(HMoro cBeTCRHMH YlJHTeJIHMH, IIOCKOJILKY peJIIfrH03Hhle Ka
CTbl AO Hac-roa:rn;ero npeMeirn Mema.rrH !_Pa3BB.THIO o&paaoBaHHH B -paoo
t.Jeii: ca>eAe, T0),I caMhlM JIHIIIaa jpa6oqlU B03MO>RHOCTH CTaTL CBOOO,ll;HhIMH •••
ToJILKO o6paaoBaHHe crraceT Hac, rroaHaKoMHB Kam,n;oro rpam�aHH.'Ha c ero
AOJII'OM H ero •rrpaBaMH» 39 •
EypHoe pa3BHTH0 TaKHX MaCCOBhIX opraHHaa:o;Hii,
TeflAe� .. naI'I'. Ro�aneThl , m1y6LI '
coroaLI, ce�HH
HHT�B .,.eBBO-DOJJBTJlllecKOH
Han;HoHa:Ia li 6aTaJihOHHhl0 1(OMHT8Tbl nan;HOH8.1IL>KH3HB KJlyOOB
JltOH rBap)'(HH, BhljpamaJio R�HLI:i nop;'LeM, KOTO
phlii
MapTa npHBeJI R BJiaCTH l(eHTpaJihHhIH KOMHTeT Han;1rnHaJILHO:Ü: rBap
)J;HH. ÛHH npe,D;CTaBJIHJIH coooii rJiaBHyIO onopy IIOJIHTIIKH KoMMyll1al H ee 060poHLI. Ilo:noMy oco6eHHO BaiKHO paccMOTp0Tb, KaK OHH ce6e npe,n;cTaBJ.UlJlil
o6m;He �eJIH peBO�'IIOIJ;HIJ.
CoI03hI H C0KD;HH 11HTepHan;HoHaJia H HX PYKOBOAJIT0JIH IIpOHBJIHJIH HaH6MbillYIO aKTHBHOCTh B .n;eaTeJihHOCTH RoMMyaLI H Booo�e B ropaa,n;o 6oJILmeii
CT0U0HH, lleM M0CTHhle opraHH3aIJ;HH OKpyroB, BOCnpHHHMaJIH RoMMYHY KaK
cpel(CTBO lIOCTHilŒHIUI orrpe,rceJieHHOH <f>opMLI COD;HaJIHCTH118CKOro oo�ecT:ea.
RpoMe Toro, OHH 6oJiee KOHKpeTHO BhlpamaJIH. CBOB) TO1ffiY 3peHHH •0• ÜAU�KO
B HaCTOH�eii rJiaBe COI03LI H C0KD;HH 11HTepHaD;HOHaJia He paccMaTpHBaIOTCH.
H IIOCJI0AfIO�He aaKJIIOlJ:0HHH OCHOBaHhl JIHIDL Ha MaTepHaJiax OKpy»œLIX
KlIYOOB.
XoTH BOIIpOChl ooopoHI.I H ,l1;pyrne cpOllHble npo6JieMLI IlOJIL3OBaJIHCL npeH
M�0CTB0HHblM BHHMaHHeM yqaCTHHROijOJILillHHCTBa KJiyOHiiU: COOpaHHH,
B rrpOTOKOJiax lJ:aCTO BCTpeqaroTCH ynoMHHaHHJI O ROHefflo:Ü: n;eJIII - JIH6o
B CBH8H C IIOBC0)J;H0BHI:,IMH aym)J;aMH B BH,D;e caMOCTOJIT0JlbHOro npe�MeTa 06�
cym,n;eHHH, JIHOO KaK COCTaBHaH -cracTL Tex HJIH llHhIX ,n;eKJiapaD;Hii npHHD;H-
00
A�
18
811 CM. MaTepnan, OTHOCHiqHBCH K HCIIOJib3�3HHIO :Qep1rneii m1y6aMH. HanpBKep,
Pecny6JIHRaHCKHM comrnJIHCTHqecKHM 1my60M VII oKpyra (6ea .I{aTLI, Conseil de Guerre,
G-22); lûiyooH CBOOO,IJ;OMLICJIHiqHX (F O Il t OU 1 i eU. Op. cit., p. 181-185); 06ro;eCTBOM
dloq:yna:ë:, KaK ,n:yMaem1,>> (6ea )IaTLI, Conseil de Guerre, C-22); füly6011 pesoxro� a
qepKB'H Ceu-Bepaap (H. d' A 1 m é ra s. Op. cit., p. 486).
37 TaKoeo co6paHHe e n;epKBH CeH-JlaM6ep (Fo n t o u I i e u. Op. cit., p. i.63) );
CM. Ta.K.me Key6 no6e.I{hl (ibid., p. 254); K.Jiy6 oceo6o.mAeHBJI (ibid., p. 272); Pec11y
fü11ucaHcKaJ1 accon;Han;HH mKo.JI - Do3sier Ecole de Médecine (Conseil de Guerre,
G-22).
88 CM., nanpHMep, «npHHD;IUILI» cf>e,IJ;epan;HH )lenapTaM:eHTCKIIX aCCOI(BRn;Hii (Murail
les, t. Il, p. 214-215); dfaJiomeHue npHHn;Hnoe» I(eHTpam,soro us6çaTem,uoro. pec
rry6mmancKoro, �eMOKpaTuqecKoro II ooqu.aJIHe1'H11ecROl'O 'KOMHTeTa XI OK:pyre 88 UOA
lIBCHMH 120 'IIJI0HOB (ibid., t. II, p. 84-85); co6paHHH Key6a npoJieTapnee e CeBT-AM6pyaa 9, 14, 17 H 18 M'a.H (Conseil de Guerre, C-22); KOMe:TeTa 6;:uneJI&HOCTB XIV oRpyra
OT 2:'/ Mepra (ibid.).
89 K.ny6 npoJie'OO.pHeB, CeHT-AM6pyas, 14 MM 1871 r. (Conseil de Guerre, �2.2).
40 CM., uanpuMep, pe30JIIOD;HIO, npHHHTYIO CHH,Il;BKaTOM KexaBHKOB 23 anpem1
( dournal officiel», 25 avril 1871 ). Ilo aToMy eonpocy CM.: A. Mo JI o K. Pa6o11ue IlapHma
B AHB KoMMYBLI ( tBonpocLI Hcropuu», 1951, M 3).
544
DOB •1• IlpH 3TOM B )l;eHT0JlhHOCTH KJiy60B MO:mHO pa3JIIPIHTb )];Be T0H)l;0BD;HB:
Bee lleHee p;aBaBmyIO O ceôe 8HaT1> yMepeHHYIO Te:e:p;eH�IO H BCe B03p&CT3B
mym paJl;Hl(aJJJ,HYIO, C co:quaJIHCTHqecKHMH YCTp0-MJ18HHHMH.
8 TO BpeMH KaK yMepeHHaH Il08H�H orpaH:o:qHB3JI3Cb HCKJIIO'IHTeJILHO
peeny6JIHK3HCKHMH H naTpHOTH'l0CKHMH aap;aqaMH, pa�KaJI1>HaJI OCBOBLIBa
Jiaeb Ha CMYTHOH Ha)l;ea<;JJ;e C08,TJ;3TI, o6m;eCTBO, B ROTOPOM pa6oqHe 83HHM3JIH
OLI nepBeHCTByiom;ee noJiomeuHe. KpaTKOBpeMeHBOCTI> cym;ecTBOBaHBH RoM
vyHLI He Il08BOJIHJia MHOrHM ROMMYHapaM npHC00,TJ;HHHTl>CJI R K3ROB-JIH6o H3
cym;ecTBOBaBm:e:x TOrp;a H,IJ;eOJIOrHH. !:ho 6:hIJIO CKOpee BpeMJI paCIIJihIBqaTLIX'
IIOHHTHH H T0pMHHOB, TftRHX, KaR «ROMMyHH3M)), «KOJIJI0KTHBH8Mt, «(f>êµ;epa
.'IH8M», «COD;H3JILHaH pecnyOJIHRa», ·«BC0MBjpHa.JI pecnyoJIHRff», ·«3M3HCHil3�H»,
cop;epmaHHe KOTOplalX 6LIJIO B8CJ.,M3 HCOnpep;eJieHHO.
YMepeH.B:LIII rpynmq>oBKaM RoMMYHa npep;cTaBJIW1ac1, OTBeTOM «npasH.:.
T8JILC'l'BY ua�OH8JlbBOÜ o6opOBhn> no T3RHM ROpeHHhIM BOilpOCaM, KaR:
1) upe,n;aTeJI:bCKruI KaIIHTYJIH�H nepe;JJ; IlpyccHeii; 2) yrpoaa pecny6JIHKau..:
CKOMY CTpOIO CO CTOPOHLI MOHapxHqecRoro Han;HOH3JII,HOro co6paHHH, H3opauuoro 8 q>eBpaJIH; 3) neMe)l;JieHHaH ynJiaTa ,n;oJirOB, c,n;e.rrannhlx BO BpeMH
ocap;ld; 4) M0�0CTBO n;epRBH, oco6eHHO B o6JiaCTH npocBern;eHHH; 5) OTCYT
CTBH8 caMoynpaBJieHHH B IlapHme.
KaK 38HBJIHJia B CBOe:ë: nporpaMMe O,n;Ha TaRaH opraHH33D;HH, n;eJibIO
6op1>0J!il c BepcaJieM 6MJJO npHaHaHHe pecrry6JIHRH :u BMecTe c TeM «npHaua
IJRe IIIPirn Ilap11ma Ha caMoynpaBJieHHe, Ha :peryJIBI_POBaHHe noc.ipe-ACTBOM cBo
OO,IJ;HO Ha6paHHoro CoBeTa, c ueorpaHHqeHHhlMH noJIHOMOqH.JIMH B npep;eJiax
ero ROMII0·T0HD;HH, CBoero 3]\MHHHCTtpaTHBHOrO ycTpoii:CTBa, CBOHX (f,HH8BCOB,
COD;lfaJibHOro o6eene'leHHH, IflPOCB8IIW-HHH H CBOOOAhl BetpOHCilOBeµ;aHHJU 42•
Co�am,HLie Bonpocbl pe,n;Ro IIO,il;HHM3JIHCb 3THMH yMepeHHhlMH rpynn:e:
POBRaMH. Byp;yqH npep;cTaBHT8J.IHMH M0JIKOii: H OTqacTH cpe,n;He:Ü: 6ypmyaaHH,
OHH B XO)l;e rpamp;aHCROÜ BOHHhl BCe 60JI1>me YKJIOHHJIHCb 0T IIO,IJ;J(epmKH RoM
HYHhl. IlOA'beM paAHKaJIH3Ma B anpeJrn n Mae 11 Bce BoapacTaBmee coseruœe
uena6emHOCTH BOeHHoro nopameHHH, necoMH eHHO, ycKOpHJIH pa3oqapoBaHHe
Il HX cpe,n;e. HeKOTOphle H8 HHX, B qacTHOCTH pH)]; MaCOHCKHX JIO:m, yqacTBO
BaJUf B 6ecnJIOJJ;HOH nonhlTRe npHMHpHTL Bepcan1, H RoMMYHY 43•
Ho orpoMHOe 60JI1>mHHCTBO RJIYOOB BCe me II!PH)];epiRHBanoc1, pap;HRaJILHoi
JIHHR'H. 8 HX TyM8HHhlX cpü!pMYJIHpoRRax H cnopax MO,RHO ,pa3JIH'qHTI, ROBTypl»I
con;naJIJroTHflleCROI'O oom;OOTBa, nepeXO)]; K ROTOpOMY 61>1JI Hal!aT l\OMMYHOH. IlpH
aTo:M noµJ>a.ayMeBaJioc1>, tJTO RoM-My-na o,rr;�m11T rro6e,rcy B Boopymeuuo:ë: 6opL6e.
MyHBD;HII3JlbHOe caMoyrrpaBJieH11e paccMaTpHB3JIOCI,
CTpeimeuue xay6oa
B ,IJ;HH RoMMYHhl RaR cpe,n;CTBO ,D;OCTHmeHHH HeMe�
R co�anBWK
n:eHHOro ocym;eCTBJieHHH COIJ,1I3JlbHhlX peq,opM B IIa
n:peo6paaoaaBBaH
pH»re. «qTO MHe ,rr;o Toro, 1ITO Mhl no6eA,H1M B�
can1,, ecJIH MLI He Ha-iµ;eM pemeBHH con;HaJibHOÜ npo6JieMLI, ecJIH pa6011Hii
OCTaHeTCH B T0X me YCJIOBHHX!» 44 ,- 83.JIBHJI 0,D;HH H3 RJiy6HI>Ix opaTopoB. Pè
meHHH, KOTOpbie paµ;HR8JlbHhl� m1y6hl npe,n;JiaraJIH no COIJ,H3JibHOMy BOlipocy,
•1 Hanpii:Mep, Kny6 oceo6om�eu1rn (Fo n t o u l i e u. Op. cit., p. 272); RJiy6 HBOHp�
Tenuoro pecny6JIHK8HCKOrO KOHHTeTa H cf>eAepau;HH Ha�HOHaJibHhIX reap�ei�eB I OKpy
ra (Murailles, t. Il, p. 152); HHTBHr e aaJie MapceJibeaLI ( «La Commune», 30 mars 1871);
HBTHHI' B •aaJie yJIHIV,l Appac (ibidem); l(eaTpaJibHhl:Ü: :e:a6HpaTeJibHhIH, pecny6JIHKan
CKB:è:, �MOKpaTH"tlecKB:ë: B COl{BaJIHCTH11ecKH:ë: KOMHTeT XI oKpyra (Murailles, t. Il,
p. 84-8.5); R;ry6 npo,JieTapHeB, u;epKOBb CeHT-A:Mopyaa (e CBoeii raae1Te <<Le Prolétaire,,
10 mai 1871).
42 Ligue d'Union républicaine des Droits de Paris, 6 avril (Murailles, t. II, p. 201).
43 KaK npBMepLI T3Klll nonLITOK npHMBp0HHJI CM. aHOHHMHbIH IIJiaKaT B Murailles,
t. II, p. 117; «<I>paHKMaCORLI, ooo.e�HeHHble B feuepa;rbHyro accaM6;re-10» (Murailles,
t. II, p. 229-331); «Jiura pecny6JIBKancKoro co10aa npae Ilapm1rn» ( ûournal officieb,
Paris, t4 avril 1871).
44 Edm. et Jules de Go nco u rt. Op. cit.. t.
1870-1871, p. 232.
rv,
0.bIJIH pa3.11H1IH.bl. HeI-.'.OTOphW ll3 lUIX IlPHA€PiliHBaJIHCh COIJ,HaJlHCTll'IeCKBX
B3I'JIHAOB B 60JihID.eii Mepe, ,;:i;pynie B M€Hhlll€H, HO BCe OHH paccMaTpHBaJIH
6opL6y HoM}IYHhl c Bepca.ïe-11 na:n 6op1>6y T1py,IUIII\HXCH 11;poTHB 6oraqeii (ue
aaBHCH:Mo OT TOfO, HBJUIIOTCH ,'Ill ORU HOM€1.QHn3lIH HJlH. R3IIHTaJIIICTa:MB).
Ilo CJiycraro Bhl6opoB 26 MapTa IW�iHTeT, o6'he,II;HHHBIIUIH HeCKOJibKO l\JJY6oB, II Bce 6aTaJŒOHhl Hau;uoHa.rrhuoli rBap,ri;HH XI oHpyra npe}Vlom:e:JIH mm
coK H3 CeMH IŒH,II;H,II;8TOB (113 1UIC."Ia nOTOpbIX IUITepo 6blJIR H36paHbI) JI n:po
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«AOJiîIŒH ÔhITh rwraHll30HaH nO.J:.'1€1-.'.THBH:blH 'IlPY�; IIOCHOJibKY �0�:l»IO
iKH3HH HBJIH0TCH 6e3rpaHlPlIIOe pa3BI1THe Harnero q>HaH"'10CKOro, HHT0JIJieK
TyaJihHOro li MOpa.7ihHOfO cyru,ecTB0BaHHH, COOCTB0HHOCT1, ecTb H ,n;oJimHa
6hlTb JlHII.lh npaBOM IiMt.p;oro HO.lh30BaThCH (B Mepy ero .JUPIHOro yqacTHH)
n;10p;aMH IWJIJie-KTHBHOfO Tpy;i:a Bcex. qTo Ji COCTaB;raeT OOI.QeCTB0HHOe 6orar
CTilO••• TaKOBO h'.paTnOe H3.'I0.1neH11e Tex npHH�HIIOB, B IWTOpble Mhl BepHM H
�JHI IIplIMeHeUHH IiOTOpbIX .Mhl Tpe6ye.M peq}Op.M H llOJI.HTHqecJiHx Mep... qTOOH
1{06.HThCH HX ocym;ecTB;JeHHH li AOCTHTHYTb T0f0 npen.-pacHoro 6y)U'lll;ero, upn
lWTopoM 1-m�lH �e.:10Be1, C03peeT ..Jw.,"'1.R IIOJIHOf'O HCilOJI.b30B8.HHJI CBOHX
np"aB II C03HaHHH CHOUX OOH3aHHOCTeH 'H inOfJW He 6y�eT 60Jihme H
- H yrHeTa
TeJie.Ü, HH yrHeTeHHhIX, He 6yp;eT 60.n.me n.1:accoBhlX paa.rr1rq.u.i MemAy rpa
mµ;ana:Ma, He 6yAeT 60.ïbllit' 6apb€JJOB }IeJn.:(y H31PO,II;aMH••• » 45•
Û,II;HH H3 1my60B B.li.1IQqJia Tan.me B CBOIO nporpaMMY nyHKT, Tpe6oBaB�Bii
<<YHH'ITOIH0HHH BCHh'.HX npHBlf.J:er11ii. BCHiiHX MOHOIIOJIHH Il 33M0H.bl HX aaKO
IIOM JIHqHbIX cnoco6HOCTeii C TeM, "llT06bI TPYAHII\IIHCH lfOr ,l(eiicTBBTeJIJi,BO
UOJlh30BaThCH npoµ;ynT0).I CBoero TPYAa» 46.
B Ha.H60Jiee xapal-.'.TepIIblX Ilif)OIOn0:1ax :u QTqeTax, B lWTOphlX roBO
})Ht-C}l o n,e.TJHX n'01n1yn1>1, �IOa..Ho HaiiTn c.1e;i;y10II1,H-e aa}1eqattmi: <<,r(JIH 11ac
-CŒ�Hfü'IbHaa H3Ba, l-.'.OTopy10 c:1e,:i;yeT ycrpaHKTh npem,u;e Bcero,- :no xoan:eBa,
�n�c11J1ya.n1pyrom;11e paôo"llero u 6orare10m;ne aa cqer ero rpy,wr. JJ.oJioü xo311eB,
-NOT-Ophle CMO1'pHT na pa6011ero :fHillh h'.an Ha IIpOH3BO,IJ;SUU;yro MalI.IHHy! IlycTL
TPYAH�JI!OCH -06'1>e;J.:HHHIOTCH Mea..,J,y co6oü. nycT1> OHH TPYAJITCH coo6i&a H QHH
6y�yT C'laCTJIHBhl ... MM 6y,a;e�I cqaCT:IHBhl :IHIIlb T0r]J,a, Hor.n,a y Bac He 6y�e-T
60.Hbme HH Xû3.»eH, HH ôoral.feÜ. HH CBHill;eHHHliOB!» 47•
,l.(ame h'.Or)\a HeT liOHnpC'THOro YliOMJiHaHHH O con;»a.·u,HhlX u.e.:'IHX, nJiy6hl
qaCTo I IO-ÔOeBoMy Bhl)paarn.111 YBE'JWHHOCTh B ro:-.1, "l!TO TO�1hh'.O _pa6o4HH R'.JI�CC
cnoco6en ocyll(eCTBHTh peq:>opMhl. BhlÀB.HfaH ImH,n;H,II;3TOB Ha BL16opax 26
MapTa, OA:HH lI3 n0�llITt"T0B, npep;CTê'lB.TJHBllIHX Hapo.n;a1,1e oprannaan,11u, c,n;eJia.TI
cJiep;yroIII,ee 3aHBJieHne: <<Ho;i.o6no naII.InM npe,J,1-.'.a:M B 89 rony, Bhl YTBepJ(IITe
BalllHM OTKphITO peHO.ïIOil,lfOHJibL\I ro:I0C0B8Hlle).I HOBhlll npHÏl}\llll, KOTOphl:Ü:
AOJI�e}! HaBcerµ;a IIOh'.OHl.fHTh C ;)pOÜ rpaiti,rJ;8IICh'.HX paa�opoB. OcoôeBHO me
Bhl yr�eiPAHTe CBOIO Bepy B BOJl)Om'..lt'HJI(' T,py�a. IIOChJ:IaH B l{oM:MyHy .n:ro�e:ü,
B3HTl>IX 60JibII1eÜ lf8CTLIO 113 cpe;J;hi :n:.-rncca i lWTOph1ii .n;o eux nop CHCTeMaTH
qecKH OTCTpaIIHJlll OT ,IJ,ea ... >) 48.
Û'-1:eBR,:(HO, 1IIO oupe;:re:Il'HHbl(' COUIHL.lHCTffqecr:ne- l.le,-nl HBJUI.1FICb ;{Bll-
mym;eiî cn.'lOÜ B.rmHre:lbHoro CoI03a ï+.<.>nrn;nH ,l:IH 3a�IITbI Ilapnma n yxoAa
3a ;paHeH1>nu1. Ero aqmrnu. p(':,o.1mum1 u n1por0Ro:rbl co6panni ;naxn npe]l
cTaB:reane O CII:IbHOÎi IIO;:ç:[{1 pf1--a,e .\faCC. () crroco6nocTH Coro3a B0B:Ien8Tb IBII1
.f5 Qearpa:ihHbJÜ I{301fpHTC'::JbHhTii. p(•enyô:rni..,\HCKJIIT. ,:ceMORparnqec1mii n COQHa.·rn
CTRqeCKHH KOMHTeT XI oKpyra (Mnraillt:1s. t. II, P. 84-85).
·46 Hnyô 11po.1eraptten, CC'HT-.\:1ropra.� (n cnorii rn3eTe «Le Prolétaire», 10 mai 1871) .
.{,t Font ou I i eu. Op. cit., p. 272. Ta1rne a-;e oTqen,1 Moa-.no HaÜTH y Ph. Aude
h rand. Histoire intime de la RéYolution du 18 mars (Paris, 1671. p. 21, 211), a 1a.1rn�e
B npoToKonax 60:11,mHHCTBa K.TiyÛ01:1 (Conseil de Guerre, C-22).
•8 Pecrry6JrnKaHCKHH co�naJU1CTHqec1-:uü .1wMnreT V oKpyra (MuraiUes, t. II, p. 117).
546
pomrn ,CJIOH il\8H�HH B I1)ponaraH,D;HCTCRyIO H 060ipoHHYIO ,n;eHT8JlhHOCTh. IloRa3aTeJIO� IT03HII,HH .ÎIŒHCIWfO Cmoaa HBJIHeTCH aq)IIma, 113;.(aHHa.H HM B OTBeT Ha
npH3hlB o rrpnMnpeHHH Mem,n;y KoMMyHoH n BepcaJieM:
« ...8To 03HaqaJio 6hl OTK83 OT BCex crpeMJI8HHÜ pa6oqnx, rrpHB0TCTBYIO
IqHX llOJIHOe COII,IIaJihHOe o6HOBJieHHe, YHHqTO.ÎIWHHe Bcex HhIHe CYII\0CTByIO
II\HX IOpII,ri;IIqecKHX H COII,HaJibHhlX OTHOIII8HHH, lICKopeHeHJie Bcex IIpHBHJie
fHH, BCex BH,[J;OB 8KCIIJiyaTan;nH, 3a':.\ŒHY u;apCTBa naITHTa;ra II,apcTBOM Tpy,n;a,
CJlOBQ,M, ocno6omÂeHHe TPY.IVIIIJ;HXC.H, npoBe�eHHoe co6crBe-HHoii 1py:noü! .. » 49 •
O,n;na ·n3 pyKoBOAHII\HX ,n;e.HTeJihHHII, QeHrpaJihHOro KOMHTera Coroaa meHIIJ;HlI
pycc1rnH 1peBOJIIOII,HOHep1rn E. TyMaHOBCIŒ.H BeJia rnporraraH,n;y •3a npe-Bpa:rqe
HHe opra111rnau;niî Coroaa B cem::i;H11 MHrepuan;HoHaJia nocJie no6e,n;1,1 RoMMYHhI.
<<3Ta H,n;eR HMoe·eT y-cne-x»,- rrHcaJia oHa 24 a11;peJ1.H q.rreHy feHepa.1:hHoro, co
BeTa MttTepuan;HoBaJia fepMaHy IOHry 50•
M B caMoM ,n;eJie, Bo BpeMH CYII\CCTBOBaH1u1 RoMMyBumœe
Hhl
11HTf'IPHaIJ;HOHaJI COBMeCTHO c ero 30 ceK�HMH
uap..-eDX ce�I
E Ilaipnme Il0Jlh30BaJICH 3H3lJHT8JlhHhIM aBTOfpHT8TOM
, Bw,epaa�ROHa�a
B . R�yôa x
cpe,n;H ):(ipymx MaCCOBhIX otpraHn3an;11:ü. Rny6LI Jf
HpO(p0CCHOHaJU,HI,l0 COI03hl, TRK me Kan 'H BJJ]ïIJITe.TihHOe o6II1,ee coopaHHe «KOM.li1'eTOB 6AHT0JlhHOCTH>>, op;o6pH.JIH ero ROHe1IHhle n;eJIH 51 .
Mnonre KaHp;H;a;aThI, Bhl,lJ;BHfaBmHeCH MaCCOBhlMII opraHH3ail,H.HMH Ha BI,J6opax
MapTa, 6I.IJIII H3B0CTHhl Ran aKTJIBHbie q.lJeHhl MHTepHail,HOBaJia 52•
XoTJI OH B006II1,e paccMaTpHBaJICH RRK pyROBO,IJ;HIIl,aH CHJia COil,HaJihHOii peBo
J IIOI:i;HH, O,n;.HaRo I IOJIHOe H TOTJHOe 8Ha"CJeH11e nporpaMMhl
lfHT81PHan;HoHa
Jia OCTaBa.TIOCb, B8püHTHO, He BilOJIHe IIOHHTH:hl�f. YBame-HHe MaCCOBhlX opra
Hl13a.IJ;HH n llHTepHau;HoHaJiy MOlliHO c1paBHHTh TOJlbnO C ynameHHeM K
B.!.IaHI(lf 53 .
M�JI ce�HJI MoHpym HanpaB11.1ia "l!JrnHaM hOMMYHhl, cTO.HBllilIM Bo rJiaBe
M3pHu· XIV ORpyra, peaoJIIO"QHIO, B ROTopo:ü :na ceKII,H.H IIHTepHail,HOHaJia
yxaa1>rnaJia na cephe3Hyro orracHoCTh, HaBncmy10 Ha;::t; HoMMyHoi, H Tpe6oBaJia
npHHHT0JI pemHTeJILHhl.X Mep Jl;JIH cnaceHH.H peBOJIIOil,HOHHoro Ilap:uma.
aroii
peaoJIJO�HH roBOpllJIOCL: (( Y1IffTI,JB3H Kpaii:BIOIO orraCHOCTh, yrpoma10II1,y10 Ha
IUHM cô�aJihHI,f.\( yqpem}l;eH'HHM, H OTMeTJa.H, lJI'O "IJJieHbl HOMMYffhl Me�HT
c npHHHTHe!I ne IlpùCTO Jl;eKpeTOB, a pe00.1:IOil,HOHHhIX 1t,Iep, KOTOjfH>Ie O,IJ;HH
•'J'OJihI<:o Moryr cnaCTH pe'BOJIIOI:i;'HIO, Ta:n ycnemHO Ha'l!aTYIO 18 Ma,p-ra, -qJieHbl
yrro:iuncyToii C0Kil,HH o6pam;aIOTCH R BaM, CBOHM 11a6paHHHKaM, C TeM, 1JT06hl
Bbl rrpHHHJIH MepLI K ncnpaBJICHHIO 3TOf0 IIOJIOIBCHH.H, ROTopoe HeH86emHo
npHBe;rt;eT Hac n rn6eJIH, eCJIH Bhl 6y;a;eTe HJl;TH no TOMY nyTH, Ha lWTOphlii
BCTYIIHJIH••• » PeaoJIIOil,HH IIOA1IepKHBaJia, TJTO KOMMyHapbI 1871 ro,n;a ,n;aJieKo
ymJIH BneipeA no cipaBHeHHIO c HIOHbClilfMH IIOBCTaHn;aMH 1848 ro){a, HO
BMecTe C TeM cypoBO KJPHTHROBaJia c.ïa6oCTb BOeHHOH opraHH33QHH RoM
MyHLI 54 ..
i6
12
B
49
Murailles, t. Il, p. �40.
50 diepBLiii llnTepHau;u:ouaJJ B ,:uiu IlapHmcKOJÏ RoMMYHLI>>. AoKyMeHTLI B MaTe
puaJILI. M., 1941, cTp. 193.
si CM., B 1:1acTHoCTB, Y11pe,n;BT8JibHLiii yctaB Pecny6J1HKaHcKoü: accou;:e:au;nu VI oKpy
ra, D 1<0TOpoM oH-a MJml.IJJ:I,a o CBoeM u-pncoe;:i;unennH K HnrepHa.a;HoHiaJIY (Conseil de
Guerre, C-2:2) .
52 Ha Il.JITH 1:rneHOB Hutepnau;BOH8Jla, Bbl,D;BHHyTLIX
,UCMOKpataMH-COll;HaJIHCTaMH
XVII oxpyra, 'tleT.oopo 6hl'JI"H ua6pam.r (Murailles, t. Il, p. 116).
5.1 IIporoliOJJLI H OT1JeTI,1 CBBµ;eTeJibCTBYJOT O 1I8CT.bIX IIOilblTKax KJiy6oB y6e,D;HTL KoM
MYHY D BOOÔXO,tl;HMOOTH IlOJIBT.ll'K'J[ pe-npecc:e:ii, 11-ro6bl �OOHTbCH oc.no6omµ;eHH.JI BnaHKH.
Hanpo11ep, lùly6 npoJierapneB, Cea-Hu1wna-µ;e-IDan, 30 anpe.rrn: 1871 _r. (Fon t ou Ji eu.
Op. cit., p. 158); PeBOJIIOQHOHHhrii KJIY6 XVII œ<:pyr,a, M M8JI (Conseil de Guerre, G-22);
Rny6 npoJieTapHeB Cear-Ax6pyaa, 20 Ma.JI (ibidem).
54
Conseil de Guerre, C-22.
547
IloMHMO yIIOMHHYTO:Ü Bhlill0 TOllRB apeHHH My6oB
Ha peJinnuo, napo):(uoe o6paaoBau»e H Ko&equ.Lie
:a;eJIH t\OMMYHhl, ):(HCKYCCHH BeJIHCL TaKHΠno TaRHM
BOIIpocaM, KaK JIH.KBHAan;HH IlOCTOHHHOH apMIUI 55,
UOJIHOe paBHOnpaBne iJteHm;HH BO Bcex o6JiaCT.JIX 56 H OTMeHa CMeprnoi
J(a3HH 57•
Cq1:1ran RoMMYHY rrpamneJJbCTBOM, rrpe�cTaBJUIIO�HM npemJ(e BCero pa6o
cmi KJiacc, uapo):(HLie opraa1rnan;HII OiKI:l)J;aJI:u or nee npmIHTIDI aaKoHo�aTeJIL
.Hli[X Mep AJIH HeMeAnenHoro yJiyqmenHH MarepHaJI.&Horo rronomeHHH Mace
B Tex orpaau:qeHRhIX paMKaX, RaKHe ,u;onycKaJia BOHHa C BepcaJibD;aMH. B ne
KOTOfPhlX c�a.ax nx npe)J;JIOllieHHH 6eocrropHO COAe:ÜCTBOBaJIH IJJ.PIIHHTHIO
RoMMyli'OH OO0TBeTCTByrom;nx Mep. Cpe,wi: oocym)J;aBIDHXCH HMH MepoIIpHH
TIIH 6hIJIH: npO,ll;Jl(}HHe OTC1p0"tIIUI 1rnapT11pHOH rrJiaTLI 58, CHl:UReHHe n;eu Ha
-yroJib, ,cyÔcHJUilPyeMoe HoMMyHo:ii 59, HaJioroBan fPe<potpMa 60, aaMeHa 11aCTHhIX
Ô:ro,p o IlO HaHMY paooqeji CHJlhl o6m;ecTBeHHhlMH, He l:13BJieRaIOID;HMH H3 3TOfO
IllPH6hlJIH 61' paccJieAOBaHHe IlipHqlIH BhlllJiaThl H0K0'.1'0Phl?4H rrpeMpHHHMaTe
JUIMH Hll3KRX CTaBOR aapa6oTHOH IIJiaThl 62, p;enemnan IIOMOID;b pane.HhlM 6oiI
n;aM RoMMYHhl ·H ceMhHM rrorn6mnx 63•
C�ecrnona-10 m0p0Ro pacnpocrpaneaHoe yoem,l(eHae, 11To œp1>eaHhlY
npeIIHTCTBHeM jJ.JIH np,oBe;:r,eHHH y1-.a3aHHblX M�, 'r3K me KaK H· ,lVIH 60.1.me aq>
q,eKTHBHblX BoeHBhlx ycn:JJ.1Iiî, HB.iïJIJIOCb orcyrcTB'He ,l(eHer .H cHapIDHemur. B1,1xol{ Ha IlOJIOlK0HHH HeROTQJ)hle BH�eJIH B ROHq>HCKaI(Hl:I cpe�TB, rrpmHl,1V[e
-mam;nx 6ora11aM, �(WKBH H <DpaHizyi3CKOM:y 6aRicy 64• Ha eo6paRHH B OAHO_'\I
IUiy6e ;KaJIOBaJDICh: «Y nac HeT HH 6en:r:,H, nn MaT1Pa:a;eB ]J;JIH nanmx roenaTa
Jie:ü:, B TO BpeMH, RaK BCe 3TO HM00TCH B ,n;oMax 6oraqeÜ. HaDIH MymLS H
6paTI,H, aam;Hm;arom;He Ilapnm, tiaCTO Hyml{aIOTCH B caMOM ueo6xoAHMOlf;
TOr,u;a RaK y ,lljpyrHx HMeIOTCH H3JIUillRI:1>) 65•
RoMMyHy RPHTHROBaJIH H aa TO, qTo OHa aa6LIBaeT 06 o6H3aHHOCTH «crra
CTH OT0110CTBO H, CJI0,IJ;OBaT0JlhBO, Ae:ÜCTBOBaTb anepr.H1IH0, OTJIO.)J(}IB ceüqac
B cr-opony H3JIHllHee ynameune R aaROHHOCTH, BLlfO,IµIOO JIHIDL peaKI�HlU 66•
3Ta Toqxa apeHHH CTaJ'Ia BCe 60Jibill0 pacnpocTpaHHTbCH no Mepe IIOCTyn
' :!eHHH cBe�eHHH O mecTOROCTHX Beipca;n,:a;eB B OTHOmeHHH IlJI0HHH.X l(OOfMy
HapoB H no Mepe yxyAmeHHH BoeaHoro rroJiomeHHH RoMMyin,I. Ilpe,l(cep;aTeJih
RJiyoa Cen-Ceneipen BhICRaaaJI nan6oJiee paonpocTJ)aH0H1fYIO KpHTH1IeeKyio
'TOqRy 3peHHH B IIHC.hMe, a,u;peooBaHHOM 1!:IeHy RoMM:YHhl, B KOTOpoM DJPOCHJI
Ilpo1111e aonpocw:,
oôcyacp;aBD1Bec11
B K.11f6U
Harrpu11ep, 11;eiITpaJU,HhIH ua6HpaTeJII,Hhlii, pecny(µurnaHCKH:ë:, ,!(8MOKpaT8eCKHii
COD;KamICTlPieCRHR K0MHTeT XI 0Kpyra (Murailles, t. II, p. 84--85); tl>e,l(epa� ,!(e
napTaM-eHTCKHX accon;uan:nii (ibid., t. II, p. 212-213); K.ny6 npoJieTapHeB, Ceur-A.Mopyaa.
17 MaH (Conseil de Guerre, C-22).
56 HarrpuMep Kny6 cB06op;oMhICJrnIQHX, CeH-lliepMeH JI'OKceppya (F o n \ou lieu.
Op. cit., p. 183-184); Coroa meHIQHH ( «Journal officiel», 14 avril 1871).
57
HarrpHMep, (f)e;:i;epan;mr ;i:i;enapTaMeHTCKHX accm:�Kan;K:i (Murailles, t. II, p. 21255
B.
213).
r.s Hanp1n,ep, R.rry-6 Me:n;R�H-cKoiî IIIKOJibI (<<Le Cri du peuple>>, 5 avril 1871); KJiy6
npoJieTape:eu, CeuT-AM6pyaa, 16 MaH (Conseil de Guerre, C-22).
59 HanpK:Mep, lby6 npo.:rnTaplleB, CeIIT-AM6pya3, 17 .Maa (ibidein).
60 HanpHM'.ep,
(f)e,n;epan;e:H ,n;errapTaMeHTCRHX accoIJ;HaIJ;Hii (Murailles, t. II,
p. 212-213); QeHTpaJU,Hhlll Ba6upaTeJII,Hhlii, pecrry611mcaHCKBii, �eMOKpaTnecKHi R co
n;uaJIBCTlflleCKBÙ KOMHTeT XI oi<pyra (ibid., t. II, p. 84-85).
61 Ha,npu11ep, «I<OM'IITeT 6,n;HTe.·n,uocTm> XIV oKpyoo, 27 Ma,pTa (Conseil de Guerre,
C-22).
HanpJ1Mep, KJiy6 npoJieTapHeB, CeHT-AM6pya3, 13 MaH (ibidem).
HanpRMep, KJiy6 con;naJILHoii peBoJiron;uu ( «Le Cri du peuple,, 15 mai 1871);
PeeoJIIOIJ;IIOHH1a1:ë: xny6 XVII oKpyra, 14 mai (Conseil de Guerre, C-22).
64 Hanp:e:Mep, KJiy6 ocBo6om,n;eHHH, TpHHHTe (Fo n t o u l ie u. Op. cit., p. 272);
KJiy6 npoi.IeTapuen, CeHT-AM6pyaa, 9 MaH (Conseil de Guerre, c..22); PeBon10�110BBHii
1myo XVII 0Rpyra, 14 :P,{aH (ibidem).
62
63
65
66
548
Font ou I i eu. Op. cit., p. 274.
KoMMy-HaJibHhlii m1y6 Hmw.:i:a-,n;e-IUan (Murailles, t. Il, p. 145).
KoMIM:YJIY IIOKoHqHTL C 6ypmyaaHeii O,D;HHM y,a;apOM. «J:(JUI 0TOI'O,- IIHcaJI OH,
a BHB<y JIBWL O,I{HO cpe,IJ;CTBo: aaBJiaJteTL <l>rpaHJ:�yacKHM oaHKOM ••• )) 67•
Rooe6aBHH RoMMYHhl no Bonpoey o npHMeHeHIIH pemuTeJILHliIX H TBep
AlilX Mep, KOTOjpliIX ,IJ;OOHBaJIHCI, MaceoBLie QpraHH3a,n;1111, I1!PHB0JIH .K IlOMepmKe
MHonoœ H3 aTHX opraHHaa�i coa;a;auH.H RoMHTeta o6m;eCTB0HHoro cnace. HH11. B To Bpe:M.H KaK MHOrHe npe,AeTaBH·TeJIH MnTeopnan;Honana B HoMMyHe
ÔLIJIH Jil)OTHBHHIŒMH 003,I{aHH.H RoMHTeTa, .KJiy{>lil, naxo,a;HBillHOOJl IlOJ( ,BJIHH
HH0M lfHT0pHan;HoHaJia, B n;eJIOM IQJ)HBeTCTBOBaJIH 3TY Mepy. 8To IljpOTllBQPe11118 H0YAlfBHT0JILHO, taK KaK IlfPH OTCYTCTBHH BC0CTOpOHHe IllPOJ:tYMaH
HLIX OOlll;HX Jlll)HH�DHaJILHliIX yctaHOBOK JIHillL HeMHOrHe l'pynnlil KOMMy·
uapoB .HCHO npe,a;cTaBJIJIJIH ce6e nyTL K «CO�HaJILHOÜ pecny6JIHKe», IlOMSMO
uenocpe,a;ctuenuoi anepr111Dioii: aa�HThl RoMMYJil>I. Co3.n;an11e RoMHTeTa o6II(0CTB0HHOiiO ooaeeHH.H, B,IJ;OXHOBJieHHOe OAHOHM0HHhJ3,I TBop0H'lI0M 1793 ro,a;a,
xaaaJIOCL Kll0HHO TaRJUI 3Hepn11IHhIM maroM. Û,IJ;HH H3· KJiy6oB IIIPHBeTCTBO·
BaJI ero B ua,a;em;a;e, qTo «RoMMyua 6y,a;eT TBep,a;o CTOHTL Ha 8TOM peBOJIIO�H
OHHOM nym, KOTOphlii TOJILKO H MomeT cnaCTH Pecny6JIHKy» 68•
HayqeHHLie HaMH HCT011HHKH CBH,I(0T0JibCTBYIOT O 6YJPHO:ii aKTH'BHOCTH
KOMVYHapoB, IIJ)(HlBJUIBmeic.H B A8.HT0JILHOCTH KJiy60B H µ;pyrnx MaCCOBl,IX
opraH.H'3a�i. XoT.H aroT •Ma�Hrui ,n;oJimea oliITh .n;001onne11 nyteM H3yqen1u1
,11;'0HT0JILHOOTH npocf)eceHOHaJILBHX 001080B H ceK�Hi HHTepua�oBaJia, a Ta.K me ,l\pyU.'HX BLip818HT8JI8:i 06m;ecTBelluoro MHeHHH, OH H caM '110 ce6e pacKpl.I
BaeT ueKoToplile xapaJ(TepHwe ,q�Thl RoMMyHLI. B ocaoBHOM aKTHBHOCTL
ar:u:x oprauima:a;nii HOCHJia .fflPKO BLipameHHLI:ii lIIpoJieTapc:K'HË: X8lJHlKTetp. Pa
�n:KaJILHaH TOTIRa 3P0HBJ1, .KOTopa.H B KOJPOTKHH nepHo.n; BpeMeHH <paKTHqec1rn:
CTaJia 8J];HHCTB0HHO:Ü: TO'Ut9:Ü: apeHH.H H3[PO'�HliIX opraHB:aa:a;uii, pacCtMaTpH'BaJia
6opwy uemJ07 BepcaJI911 H Kmncyuo:ë: Œ<aŒC 6uTBY Mem;a;y aK<mnyaTaTopa�rn:
11 aKcnJiyaTHpyeMLI,MH; KOneqno:ü: D;MLIO cTaJio .n;ocTHmeH»e rocno;a;cTBa ,pa6oTiel'o Knacca B Toii HJIH HHoii <popMe.
XoTH TPYAHO To�o onpeAeJIHTb pa3Max coQHaJIHCTHTiecRux uacTpoeHHi,
o6blTIRhlH n.OPHAOK on;emœ .HBJieHmÏ, OCHOBaHHhIH TOJihKO Ha Kpyn11LJX raBe
Tax, MeMya,ax H cxf>Hn;HaJILHLIX ,IJ;OKyM0HTax Ro.MMyHhl, aep;ocTa-roqeH, B oco6eHHOCTH 111px uarzenHH MaOOOBLix opraml'Ba�H:ë:. ToqHo TaK me caMo no ce6e
Be noKa3aTeJILHO KOJiftq8CTBO qffCTO con;HaJIHCTHqecKHX .n;eKJiapa:a;Hii, H0CMOTPJI
Ha TO, TITO H B HHX 6eayCJIOBBO He 6LIJio H8,I{OCTaTKa. Be;a;1, o6�HO KJIY6hl H
COJ03LI IIOHJU(aJIH, qTo HHKaKHe KopeHHlile 8KOHOMH110CKHe pecpopMlil H0BO3MOmHLI . Ôeà OÔecne11emm BOèHJtOÜ: 6eaonaCHOCTH. CoOTB0TCTB8HHO ,I{HCKYCCHH
6oJILmei q3:CTLIO B8JIHCb BOKpyt· ,yJiyqmeHHH ,u;eJia o6oipOHlil, a ne BOKpyr co
n;Ha.rr1,a:o-axonoM1111ecKHx· nJiaHo�� �a 6y.u;ym;ee. Ho oco3uauHe RoaeqHLIX co
n;n:aJIHCTn:qecKHx �eJie:ii ,a;B:u:memI.H u o6cym,a;eHHe Henocpe.n;cTBeHHliIX aa;a;atI
oôopoHhl Ilapuma ue HCKJ110qaJIH µ;pyr µ;pyra. RaK yme yKa3LIBaJIOCL paaee,
pHµ; KJiy60B H ,a;pymx o6m;ecTB0HHliIX opraHH3a�ii DpOB03rJiaCHJI CBOH CO
.�HaJIHCTHTieCKHe :a;eJIH e�e Tor,a;a, KOr,a;a OHH TOJILKO DpH3LJBaJIH R COB,u;aHHIO
HoMMYHIJ, B nepHo,a; uaapeaan1111 peaoJIIOD;HH. BnHJIHHe co:a;HaJIHCTH1IecKH
HaCTpO8HHhlX ,I{0HT€JI0:Ü: ffoMMyllhl npo,a;oJI>RaJIO YCHJIHBaTLCH IlOCJie 18 MapTa.
B To me BpeM.H yMepeHHLie cTopoHHHRH RoMMYHlil noKH,u;aJIH noJie ;a;ea:TeJih
HOCTH� Bnpo11eM rJiy6oKaH paapa6oTKa con;HaJIHCTHqeCKHX DJiaHOB He MOrJia
llOJiyqHTL .u;ocTaTOTIHOro pa8BHTH.H BBH;a;y KpaTKOBpeMeHHOCTH cym;eCTBOBaHHH
ROMMYHhl, yrpomarom;ero B00HHOro IIOJIOiR0HHH H OTCYTCTBHH TaKOH rpynDLI,
ROTOtpaH CTpeMHJia-Cb 6LJ IlOCKopee aaHHTLCH HX paap,a60TROH.
67
68
F o n t o u l i e u. Op. cit., p. 287.
R.i:y6 CeH-H:e:KoJia-�e-IllaH ( «Paris libre», 4 mai 1871).
or.:1 AB.]EH HE
5
I'.lU6Q nep6aa
KAillfTAJJIICTHqEcKHil MIIP B mECTll.l(ECJITLIX rol(AX XIX BEKA.
llO}l;"bEM ,UEMOKPATlfqEcKoro II PABO'IJEI'O )lBB>KEBDff
(A. 3. ,lfa,ufipeo).
PeaKIJ;ml 50-x ro;i.on.- Hctq.a:10 peBOJIIO�0HH0ro �B'liilŒBHH.
L PA3BHTHE HAIIHTAJIH3MA B 50-60-x ro,J;AX XIX BERA
• . . . . . • •
12
.2. HO:IOHHAJihHAH 3RCIIAHCHH HAIIHTA.;JIICTI.P-IECIŒX Jl:EPlliAB B 50-60-e ro.IJ.IJ
Orpa6.ïemie n 3aKa6a:1eHne HH;J;HH.- Yc11.-ieRHe Ko;iou11a;u.-11oii aKcnalie1u1
AHrJIHH.- Jlopa6om;emrn Mp:rnn�.1u1.- Boiina AHrmrn nporirn RHTaJI.- Ha
cH:n.crBennoe 0TKpbITHe HOHbIX PHHKOB j'J;.l:H aurnHÜ.CKIIX rouap0B.- Koio
HHaJibH.We Bo:ü:111,1 <l>pamurn.- flopa6ow;eHHe Hu,ri;oHe3HH.- 3xcnanc1u1 ClllA.
18
Oopa30nan:ee ·1rnponoro phIHKa.- Aur.i:m1.- <l>pamvrn.- CfilA.- reim�rn
CKJfe rocy7xapcrna.-- PocettR.- Ge.l'1,rm1, fo:1.;iau;vrn.- l1Ta.1'.füL- Eypih."Y�
il3HaH peno.1101.vu1 n HrroHHH.
3. HAUHOHAJlhHO-BYPiKYA3HhIE BO:0:Hhl :H ,!l;Bl1ilŒHHH B EBPOIIE li AMEPHRE
ROHUA 50-x H 60-x ro,UOB XIX BEHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
,1J;BIIIBEHIUI. YEin,JYHAPO,;]HOE TOBAPIIIUECTBO PAEO1IHX
flo.i"IOlliemrn pa6011ero K.l'acca.- llpocpeccnoHa:.thHhle co10a1,1.- PoCT Ja6acro
so•rnoü: oopbÔhl npo:i:eTapBara.- Ilo.l'HT111ieC'Irne BHCTfII."le.HHH npo:IeTapna
Ta.- HeHOTOphle ycoexH M'E'ilQYHapo;lH0I'O npo.1:f''MpcRoro ,IlBJlineHHJI.- P.aa
Blf:Tlle peso;nomtoBHOiî: Teop111H npo;ieTapHara - }IapKCBaMa.- Me:nm6ypa..y
aaHLIK cou;Han:H3M.- ÛCHOBRHHC I HHT-epHaIUIOHa.ia.- Eop1>6a liapKCH3.Ma aa
H;:i:eii.HyIO rereYOHHIO n :M:em,:i:ynapo,1Hm1 paooY:e:\1 ,1.Bm1-.emrn.- PaJBinne
6op1,01,1 pa6oY:ero K;rncca no ·Bocxo;:{HII(eii: .11:mm.
30
Aue Te11;1-em�n Kamua:m;nrn B Hau;HoHa;n,noM BOIIpoce.- Eopbôa napoÂBiiilX
Macc aa Bocco�,:urneHee Hra.'IHH.- fpaaQaHcKa.a BOÜHa B CIDA.- Hao,uo
HaJI1>Ro-ocB060,:oue.1LHaH 6opL6a Hapo;:i:oB Ea;rnanc1rnro rro;iyocTpona.
IloJJLCKoe BOCcram,:e 1863 r.- IlpyccKHe BOHHI,I 1864 H 1866 ro;:i:oB.- ÜCB05oÂHTe:ILHaH BOitHa :MeKCIŒ6H-CKOfO uapo)];a.- BoceTaHHe n,a OCTpoBe
npHT.·- 3aronop cpemieB. Eopbôa Hp.1aH,1:cKoro napo�a aa cno6oÂy H nea.a
nHc1nrn-c'TL.- Ocno5o;:i;1ne.1:LHaH ôop1,6a Hapo�a Ry61,1.- Peno:1101vrn n
Mcnamrn.
�.flO,.[J;'l>EMPABO1IEro
I'.W6ll 611WpaH
KPH3HC BTOPOit HMIIEPHB ( 186ï-t870)
(3. A. iKe.1y6oech·aa,)
1. HAIIHTA.ITHCTHl.JECHOE PA3BIITHE <I>PAHUHH B 50-60-x ro)lAX. OEOCTPEHHE
HJIACCOBhIX IIPOTIIBOPEG.11:0: . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3aaepmeH11.e 11poMLIIIL'H�tteoro 11epesopoTa. PocT Kpynuoro npoHaBO;::{CTBa n
upmu.im:IeHHOCTH H ce:IbCJ..0}1 X03.IIHCTBe.- ):laJll,HeiimHÜ pocr 'KOHI�eHTpa-
:550
46
U.BH B 0G.1acn1 T0pron:m li Kpû�HT-a.- IIpeoo.-..a�amrn )Hè'.TKHX li cpe;..(HHX
npe,qIIplHIT.IIÜ B HpüMhllliJleHH0CTH H -ropron.ïe, Me.TlŒX KpeCT1?HIICRHX uap
�-e..'IJI B CCJlhCI,;)'.\1 X03HÎ1Cl'He.- ÛOOCTpeHHe I,:HlCCOBhJX uponrnopeq11Ü H 5060--.x ro;i;ax.
2. HAPACTAHJIE nPII3IICA BTOPOll MMilEPIIIf (186ï-t869)
. . . . . . . .
Bropoü HMuepMH.IlepBI:,Je Hp11JH,ŒH non11-rnqecRoÜ neycroii
1867 roµ - uaqa.;10 Hanoo;iee r.1y60Koro rroJIHTHqernoro KpH3Mca DTopoi-i:
HMIIepHR.- MaccOB.bl•e ;:i;eM0HCTpau,1uI 2 H 4 HOH6pH 1867 r. n IlapmIŒ.1868 ro�. TI.QeTHhie 'IIOIIblTKH yKpen;IeHHH pe;1rn.M-a.- flep1n.rii H HTOpoii upo
J�ecchI 11HTepna�nom�na.-Ily6mtTrnhle coupaHHH B Ilapnme.- PcicT cTa
qeqHoro Jl.BHifŒHHH no BTopoii IlO.lOHHJJC 1-868 r.- M.aîicirne m,r6opu 1869 r.
n, 3aKOIIO'AaTe.11.HhfH Kopnyc R HX 3naqem1e.
51
1urnocrH
3 )lA,TlbHE:0:IIIEE Yr.T.H'EJIEHHE HPH3HCA BTOPOH IBHIEPIIII (1869--1870)
HoBuii no].fbe11 cTa11eqnoro ;rJ;BBmeHHH n ycnexn J'hnepHa1re:011a:ia BO
<Dpamnm Bo rnopoü. rro:1osnue 1869 r. Borrpoc o <:0�1rn.·1acn1qec1-.:oii uaµ
T.JiUL- ,l{ouo.1HHTe;JI,Hhle Bhlüüphl 1869 r. H TaI,nn.a co1urn:rncTOB JI TIO,'llfTH
•1ecKOH 6op1,6e. H,100:1orHH peBO.ïIO�H()HHOro :1-arep».-- PeBO:IIOIJ;HOHHble llhl
CTYII-1ellHH n IfapmIŒ B nepB.bIC MeCHT\bI 18ïü r.- Cra<nrn uepnoii lIO.lOHHHU
1870 r. Coa.,uamrn napfüKCKO:Ü q>e;i;ep-arum H1nepua1�110Ha.1-a.- �faücimii
rrne6HC�-HT 1870 r.-TpeTHÎi npon;ecc MHrepHat�llOIIa:ia.- ÜÔ1,HB.1(.'HHe qipau
RO-rrpyccirnii noiiHhT. Tiepsoe no:J:-rnanne feHepa:ihHnro <:crnera If Hrepna
U,Ho11a:1u.
r..iaBa
74
m peni bR
BOEHUbIH PA3rPOM «l>P.\HQIHI
(9. A. }I(eJ1,y6oec1,aR)
·1. IlEPBhIE TIOPAIBEHI-UI HMIIEPHlI.COBhITHH 7-9 ABn·cTA 1870 r.B IlAPllJIŒ
IIJiaHLI (f,panu;yacKOro KOlfaH;J;ORaee.H H HX upoBa.i:.- IlepBble nopmtrnHDH
cJ>pam:i;yacRoa apMHH.- CooLl'fHH 7--9 a1Hrycra n Ilapu;.1{e. ÜTcrmma npa1rn:
rB.n:hC'l IHt O:nrnt.e.
2. IIOCJIEAHEE IlPABlITEJI.bCTBO 11.MIIEPHU. CE,;J.AHCKUI K.\.TACTP0<11A
CocTan H rrepm.1e :Meponp1rnnrn \IHHHCTepcrna Ila. m:irno.-- PeBo:uo1�HOHHUe
ncrrhl'IIIRH n npOBU:Rll,HH. BblcTyll.ïeHlie 6->rnHnHCTOB B Ilap.e:aw 1/4 aBrycrn
1870 r.- YcH:teRHe 00HanapTHcTc1wro reppopa. IT011e;ieHHe ôypmya3m,1x
pecuyo:rnirnnueB H op.i:e::rnHcron.� IIpairnre:n,crno Ila:nmao H noopymeHHe
nace.'IeHHH.- BocHHble nopaïKemrn 1 'i-18 anrycra. HapacTamr� KpH3HCa
«Bepx0n>>.- Tlox<J;:i: MaK-MaroHa K 1\l<>u,y. If apm1, 1rnl:iaHyHC> CPJ;aH<'KOÜ Ka
rncrp,ocfn,1.- Ù'rlaH.
98
110
I'.AaBa "teffltlepmaH
PEBOJIIOI(IIJI 4 CEHTJIBPJI 1870 ro;:t;A
(9. A. }I(e.,z,y6oecr.aa)
MaHH.(f,ecTaJ.(1rn 3 ceHTH6pa 1870 r. n Ilap.HH..e. Cronop 6ypa,ya3HMX uapTHH.- Üt,RpbITIIe 3ace,.1aHHH. 3aKOHO;J;aTe.:n,Horo Kopnyoa 4 CCHTH6pH. nowrp
peBOJIIOl�HOJITll,J(' IIpHTOTODJleHHJI JieBhfX )J,erryTaTOB COB.\,f-CCTHO C, TpornIO.Hapo� n �1aKûHo�are:n,Holl Kopuyce.- Jlpomi3r:rnmeHRe pecnyo.:nnm n
p.aryIIIe.
I'.JJa6a,
129
1l 1111ias1,
<<IIPABJfTEJlhCTBO HAI�HOllA.;'IhHOfi 060POHhfo 11 TL\POJ.HhIE
MACChl HEPE.IJ: OCAJ(Oll II_\PHiK\
(9. A. }I(e.t1y6oecKaa)
H3}ŒHenHe xapc11-.repa Bonm.1. Iloiitta n He}te1u.11iè pauo•rni"r 1-..1acr.- H'.amiT'YJUIHTCKJrn 3-aMhlCJlbl npamt:re.JhCTBa H H.i:;noa-JUI !H1po,vrr.rx }Ja('(' J [pe:i;ocTe
pemeHBH renepaJlbHOfO COBeTa MHrepHaJ�HOHaJrn.- CaooTaiK npaBHT0JibCTBOM o6opOHbl Ilapama.- CoaAanae
<<ROMHTCTOB OAl'ITeJihHOCTH» H U:K
20 oK'pyroB.- Or«aa upaBH-reJibCTOO or upo™\r\emrn. ,'l,C'MOKp,aTI.PiecKHX npe0'6paoooo11:Hii:.- Bopwa H'3.J)O,IWhlX Macc rrpOTHB< pea'Kl�TIOJTHLIX CH:r.- Ilpo
�paMM'3. IJ;eHrpa;n,noro KOMHTera 20 <mpyron.
142
551
r�aBa mecmaa
KJIACCOBAH BOPbBA B llAPIDIΠBO BPEMJI Ero OCA)lLI
HEME[lIŒMH BO:OCKAMH (19 CEHTHBPH 1870 r.-?.8 JIBBAPJI 1871 r.)
(H. H. l(paanuuac)
L ,UAJil>HE3illAH BOPbBA CHJI ,UEMORPATHH H CHJI PEARUHH-llO BOIIPOCAM
BHYTPEHHE3 Hj BHEIDHElt_IIOJIHTHKR IIOCJIE HAllAJIA OC�bl •••••
lia"klJIO OC�LI. Ileper-OBOpLI B <l)e.pi,epe O nepmœpBB. - flo311� peooJIJO�H
oHHLIX rpynrr !B Bonpoce O BOHBe H MHpe.- IloJIO.iKeBHe BapOJ{BLIX 11ace: ,JI
llX TJ)OOOOOH11JI.- BuyrpeHHHH llOJIHTHKa npaBBT0JU,CTOO.
2. MACCOBbIE OPrAHH3Ait;:HH PABQqErO RJIACCA. HAilHOHAJII,HAJI rBAP,mlJI.
Jienaa rreqa n,, K.i1:y6w H rryoim1IHL1e c-06pamœ.- HaeTJ)OeH.He apYRB. BopL
ôa OOKpyr Ha3.I�HOH-8JILHOH rnap�KB. «Ce'MeiHliile OOBeThl».- ,lleRpeTLI llp8BH
T8JILCTBa O na�HOH3dbHOÜ rBapAHH.
3. HAqAJIQ BOPl>Bhl 3A ROMM.YHY . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . • . • • . • .
PaanorJiac.un n BOIIpoce o BbIOOpax Ko:�.ncyBLI.- MaHHq>ecTan;u.JI npoT11B
coaLIOO Ha.n;:e.oHa.llbHoro co6J)6.HH.a H B noJILay KOMMyHaJJJ,HLlX BLIOOp<m. Ko
J1e6auu11 npaBHTeJILCTBa.- IIapumcKan neqaTi. o xapaRTepe 6y�ei RoH
Mynw.- M�HBtpecTaI�lUI' 5 H 8 ORTHUpH. TpeooBaHHe HeMe,t{;J0BHLIX BLI'OO
pOB B RoMMyJiy.- Iloc.rre MaHHq>ecTaI(RR '8 ORTH6pH.
4. BOCCTAHHE 31 ORTJIBP.fI . . . . . . . • . . . • . • . . . • • • • • • • • • .
RaByH BOCCT8HlUI.- Xo� BOCCTaHHJI.- HeIIO,Il;I'OTOBJieHHOCTL BOCCTaHBJI.
PacTCPHHHOCTh II KOJie6amrn pe-BOJIIOI(,HOHHYX �-0JIT8Jieii.- IloJiomeH.He B ro
po,n:e BetJepoM 31 OKTH6pH. HoBoe npaB-HTeJJi.crno B paTyme.- RoH-rpy�ap
Tpomro.- Ilom,ITh'B (<IlpHMHpeHRJI>).- C�aqa BJiaCTH pe.BOJIIOD;HOH0pallll.
Mroru BoccraHHH.
• . • • • • • • _ . • • ·•
5. HEIIOCPE,UCTBEHHbIE IIOCJIE.D;CTBH.fI 31 ORTHBPH
BepoJIOM,CTBO .npaBHl'eID,CT.Ba. Il.rreoBCI{HT 3 HOJI6pH.- Upooo.,,: ne-perooopoB
0 nepeMHpBH.- Hil'laJio penpeccHii. BIJ6opw WJ>OB H HX 'IIOMO�HHKOB.
BoccTaHBe .e: n:ie6HCl{HT B on;eHKe n-apH'KCKOH' o6�ecTBeHHOCTB.
o. HJIACCOBAH BOPhBA B IIAPHiRE B ROHUE 1870 I'O)lA •••••••••••
PaaHor.:iacH.JI cpe;m q;reaoB npaBHTeJihCTBa no oonpocy o ooeHHliilX �eë:
CTBHJIX.- ,Il;a;u,Be:ü:mee yxy.n.IIIeHHe no;iomeHHH xacc. 06ocrpenne TOIIJIHBHO
ro ·H npO,ll;OBOJlhCTBeHHOro KpH3Hca.- Ilporpa1nrn Hapo;(HLIX TJ)e60B8HBH.
,l\MLHeiimee JJ;BHmeH.e:e aa Rmoryay.- PeBOJIIO�OHHa.a npecca H wacooBYe
opraHR38I(HH TPYWl�HX-CH B KOHI�e 1870 r.- ,l{eJITeJILHOCTL !leHTpa..ThBOrO
KOMllTera 20 OKpyroe.- Bop1,6a npasHreJihCTBa IIJ)OTHB peBOJIIO.[\HOHRliU
aJieMeHTOB B li8I(HOHa:rbHOÜ rnap�HB.
7. no .uroTOBRA HOBOlt IIOIIhlTRH CBEPrHYTb ITPABHTEJII,CTBO .
• . . •
06cTaHOBKa B- IIepume K rr,aq,a.;cy 1871 r.- IIonLlTKH IIJ)OTHBOIIOCT3B11TL npa
BHT0ID,C'I'BY JieraJibHYIO KoMMyay B �"I.Hqe M3})0B OKpyroB.- Kypc ·Ha BOCCTa
HHe. «RpacHa.a aifmma>>.- Kypc Ha Kanucym1.u;uro. CpaïKeaue npa BIOaeB
BaJJe.
8 BOCCTAHHE 22 HHBAP.fI 18ï1 ro.z:i;A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • •
,l:{iaJILHeiimee yxy,amenne no:iomeHH.H na <ppoHTe. HacTpOeHH.H D Ilap.H.ïKe
llOCJI0 nop,aiIŒHH.JI npa EI030HBa.lle.- Tio�roTOBKa HOBOrO BOCCTaHJUI.- IIosH
D;HJl npaBHTe.ilhCTBa.- Boccram1.e 22 HHBapa li ero no�aBJI&u.Be.
9. C.D;AqA TIAPllIBA . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • •
Ilpa.BBT0JlhCTB0HHhle penpecCHH noc.Je co6.&1rHii 22 JIHBapH.- 3aK.JII011e1Ule
nepeMHpH.H.- IIocJie�HHe Hapo,rl;HLie BhlCTyIIJI0HHH B ocamp;eHBOM: IlapmKe.
163
169
174
180
194
199
211
217
225
r.;iaaa ceifbMaa
HA�HOHAJILHOE COEPAHBE H Ero AHTBHAPO,l(HAJI ,llEHTEJILHOCTI,.
HA3PEBAHHE HOBO:O PEBOJIIOQHH B IIAP.IDKE
1 C. B. Ran. 1
1.C03hIB HAUllOHAJihHOro COBPAHHH.IIPABHTEJlbCTBO TI»EPA H 3ARJIJJqEHHE
IlPEJIHMHHAPHOro MHPHOI'O .uoroBOPA . . • • . . . . . • • . . . • .
(l)paH.o;HH 'KO BpeMeHH aaK;rroqenu.a nepeMe:pHH.- B1,16opa R Ha�osam.aoe
co6pa;:rne e: ero cocTaB.- OrKpLirHe Han;HOHaJILHoro co6paHHH B Bop;:i:o.
552
230
A. T1>ep - rJiaBa H.CIIOJIHHT0JILllOH BJJaCTH.- 3aKJIIOqeHH0 npeJIHMHHapHoro
MBpRoro ,IJ;OroBopa.
2.HOBOE OBOCTPEHHE BOP.LBbl ME»QJ;Y CHJIAMli )];EMOKPATIIH II CHJIAMII PEAR
IJ;HH B IlAPHlRE. C03J];AHHE UEHTPAJlbHoro HOMHTETA HAUHOHAJibHOll
I'BAP;llHH . . . • • • • . • . . · . . · · · · · • • · · · · · • · · • · • · ·
AHTRHapo�B.Ll0 UJ1'8Blil B MeporrpllRT1UI npaBHTeJILCTBa TLepa. Onuma MO
parop1rn.- POCT noJIJITlf'lecxoii a·KTJIBHOCTH TI>Y.tv1m;Hxc.a IlapIDHa. IJ;R 20 OK
pyroB B {J>eBpaJie�MapTe 1871 r.- <I>e�paJibHLIH COBeT IIHT�pHaq.e:oHaJia B
(J>enpaJie-MapTe 1871 r.- ll;eHTpaJI.LHLIH KOM:Il'T0T Ha�HOH•a;U,HOH rnapAJIH. Ero
B03RH1ŒOB·eHHe H crpyKTypa.
3. HEDOCPE)];CTBEHHO-PEBOJIIOUHOHHAH CIITYAUIIH B IlAPII>RE . . . · · · · •
Ilo;:i,'.be:H Maccoooro peBOJIIO�HOHBOro W3HilŒHHJl B ROHD;8 cpenpa.lUI - Ha1IaJie
MapTa 1871 r.- KonrppeB03.IO:QHOHBHii aaronop IlpüTHB TPYAHID;KXCH IIapH
ma.- Ilpanr,�,:�o Ti.epa .B QK Ha�HoHa:IbHOÜ: rnapAKR-
r..taBa BOC'bMaa,
PEBOJIIOIUIH 18 MAPTA 1871 r.
1c.
B. Kan[
252
B IlAPIDKE
IlJiaH KOHTppeBOlliO�BOllHOro YCMHpeHHH Ilap1rnrn.- Hey�aqHaH IIOIILITKa
npan.e:-rem,cTna Ti,epa aa:n.;iap;eTL nynrnaMH na�u:oHa.11,Hoii rnap;r,m.- YcnemHLle )];8ÎÎCTBJIIJI 11:ae-rei Han,HOHaJI.LHOÜ: rna.p�HH.- Po;ib l(K Ha$IOHaJILHOH
rBap�.ilB B oo61i1THJIX f8 Kap-1'.a 1871 r.- BercTBO rrpaBHTe;JhCTBa T1,epa ,H ero
apMB:1I na IlapHma.
r.MJ.Ba
240
,273
ilet1amaa
PEBOJIIOll;BOHHOE IlPABBTEJThCTBO ll;EBTPAJihHOfO KOMIITETA
�HOHAJD,B08 rBAP,IJ;BH
(A. 3. Mau<fipea)
I�eHTpa.::r:bHLIH KOMJITeT Ha�O]IaJII,HOÜ: rnap;:i;BH y B.1aCTH.- COCTaB
1('3HTpaJibHOI'O KOHBTe'I'a Hal{HOHaJibBOH rBap)J.llll.-1.(eHTpaJIMiblÎÎ KOMHTeT
Hao;HOBaJII,HOB rBap,AHB KaK npeMeHHOC peoo;noo;HOH'H08 11paBHT0JILCTBO.J.(BO rillaBHLl8 OIDHÔKJI IJ;eHTpan1,noro KOYHTeTa Hao;HOHa.lII.HOi rBap�H.
IlOJUITJJ118CK.aJI nporpaMMa nepB-Oro peBOJIIOD;·HOHHOl'O rrpaBJITe..'IbCTBa.- Ha1IaJIO c;i:o.Ma 6ypmyasaoii rocy11;apcTBeHHoii MaIIIBHhl H ooa;:i;aHHH rocy'Aapcr'Ba
HOBOro THIIa.- Coo;HaJ.II,HOe 3aKOBO�aTeJlbCTBO l(K Hao;lIOHaJILHOH rnapl\HH.
l(eHTpaJThHLI:ë: KOKHffT na�oHaJILHOH rBap}.\H.H H KpeCTbHHCTBO.- OpraHH3al(HH e�HHCTBa B-&IQ[•H.- IIeperoBOpLI U:enrpa.a:LHOrO KOMHTeTa C MapaMH .H
no�aBJI8HH8 KOBTppeBOJIIOI(IDI B Ilapume.� BLI60pLl B H'.OMYYHY .
r.AaBa aecsimaa
IlAPHiKCKAH KOMMYBA B IlEPHO,IJ; C 28 MAPTA
(<l>. A. Xeü<fielf)
IIO 30
2 97
AIIPEJIR 1871 r.
1. rrPOB03I'JIAlliEHHE IlAP.H:>RCRon ROMMYHbl
IlpoBoar.rrameHHe IIap.H>KCKOÎÎ HoK.11yHLI.- Po.111, KoMMYHLI B yrnep�eHHH
pe-cny6;nmaBcKoro crpoH. Jloayar ,IJ;eMoKpaTu:qecKoü: H con;HaJILHoi pecrry6JI.KKH.
2. IlOJIIITlftIECRIIE I'PYIIJIHPOBIW ROMMYHhl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . ,
qJieB.1,1 HnTepHan;xomUI.a n HOMMyHe.- Ilpy;:i;o1mcTLI H .:ICBbie npyp;onu:
CTLI.- BJiaH>KHCTLI.- HeoHKo6�.- KoHcepooropLI H yMepeHH1>10 mroepa�
JIU.- EypmyaanLie pawr.KJaJILI.- Hm-ep.n.an;noHaJraaM TiapaïKcKoii RoMMYHhl3. IlEPBhIE J);HH ,UEHTEJibHOCTH IIAPHlRCK0:0: ROMMYHhI.IIEPBhIE EE }lERPEThl
IIepBLie 3ace�aHHH RoMMYHLI.- IlepBLie )leKpeTbl RoMMYHLI.- .[(eKper 06
OTMeHe 3a)(OJnROHHOCTH no KBapmpooë: IIJiaTe.- .[(ei<peT O npHOCTaHOBKe
pacrrpo;i;amH Be�e:ë: 1!3 JIOM6ap,Aa.- ]];eKpeT 06 OTMeHe IIOCTOHHHOH apMHH .H
0 3aMeHe ee HallJIOHaJILHO:ë: rnap�e:ë:.- YHH1ITOmeHH0 crapoii UO.iTIU])IH.
l(eRper 06 YIIpaa){HeHHH BlilCOKOOilJia�HBaeMoH 6ropoKpaTHli li peopraHH3a�HJI a,n;M.HHRCrparHBJioro armapaTa n oKpyrax.- .[(eKp-eT 06 orp;e.rrewUI
�epKBH oT rocy�apeTBa.- OpraRBaaqrui KOMHCCHH RoMMYHbI.- IIap,H>K B
nepBLie )lHH RoMMYHhl.
339
342
349
553
4. HA,._IAJIO I'PAiR,UAHCROll BOllHhl. IIOZlHTUqECRAH OBCTAHOBK-\ B IIEPBOli
IIOJIOBMHE AilPE.TIH . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • •
Haua;:i,emrn nepca.:ihC1rn.x ttoiicK Ha aBa1-u10CTbl KOlDt:y.Hapon II HaqaJio uoopy
memwii 6op1,61,1 Me.a-.,1y Ilap11a.e:M H Bepca;reH.- ,[J:eKpe-r o npe;1,amU1 CYAY
11;:I0HOH
Bcpca;IbCK0ro npanHre;u>CTBa. ;:J;eKpeT O aa.."IOlliHHIŒX.- )'.(eKpeT 0
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362'
noiî CHR3H MNK1Y llapHiK('}f Jf BHCIITHHM :m1poM.
5 . .n;ono.,'IHHTEJihHbIE BhlBOPLI B HOMMYHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PeIIH'HHe O ;:i:ono:IHHTe.1bHblX BhI6opax B JiOMMyHy.- IlHCb)Ia fpmu,e.
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. TO.'U,HhTC BblOOpbl 16 anpe.1u1 1-f o6cyJK�emrn IIX HTOron .
f
371
6.COUHAJlhH0-8ROHOMf lJECHA.FI 110."llITHHA IIAPJURCR0:.0: ROM.MYHbl B AIIPEJIE
374
7. DPOI'PAMMA IIAPIIfüCHOfl EOlIMYHhl
'.38fi
8. CYJlEEHblE IlPEO};pA:lOBAHJHI EO)Bf-YHJ>l B ATTPE."'"IE ROfIPOC O PEBO:nounouHOM TEP.l-'OPE
. . . . . . .
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395
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pe;l;a4e ôpomem-1b1x xo;-rnena:\nt: u-pe�npHR.THë: B pyKH paooqnx npoHJBOk
CTOOHHblX ,3.CCOI.(Jiao;lffr.- �npell.(eHHe l[Ql{HQR p,aoon,I IH!fülpcii.� l�e-KpeT 00
OTMeHe np0H3B0:U,HbIX rnrpa(j)OB H neaaIWHHblX BJ.lqeTOB H3 3apaOOTHOU: n.-ra
Tbl.- �eRpeT o peKnJiamvrn 1maprHp, 6porneH-Hl>lx ôypmy.aaHeii.- O6cym.n;e
HJIC norrpoca o ;ro:Môap,;:i:e Ha 3ace,;:i:amo1 Kmn1ym.i 25 anpe:rn.- RoMH-cc1u1
cpHHaHCOR li <l>pa1HQ"3CJ.aYÜ 6aHK
ITepnhle uporµa,.\L\lHhH' aasrn.1eH.HH h'.(H{:\lYHhl.- Pa.3HOr.-iaClUl B n0'.\lllCCB:{ 110
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cpp-aHI�Y3CKm.{y
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qecKC.l'l :nnepaType.
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BoeHHhnt: TpH6yna:1oy no ;:1,e.1y 105-ro 6araJH,oHa.- J(ncKycc1u.1 110 norrpocy
oô o;nmoqHoM 3i\K.::uoqemrn. Ha :iace;taHBH .hO}ncynbI 25 aupe.-1H.- Pay.llh
P1ffO r:. ,1e11n:fhHOCTh .hOMHCCli.H o6mecTReRHOii 0('30Jlé\CHOCTll.
9. PEOPrAHM3AlllIH ITPABHTE.:"lhCTBEHHOfO
AilPEJfI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AilDAPATA HO�DIYHhl R ROHUE
Oocy�em1e noupoca o pcopnrn-uaaiwu 1-.cnrnccnii.- PcopraHH3an,R.H Hcno.:r
unre:i.Luoi-i J..OMHCClIH 20 anpe."IH.- n.1Kl3CJ}€ H ,leJlTC,iJJ,H0CTT:, 8-0eunoii KO
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�3 aupe:rn.- Bonpoc o coa;i,amrn h'.oMHT{'Ta o6u�eCTnenttoro cnacemrn n,a 3a
ce;cmnrnx l�OMMYHJ,I 28 JI ·30 aupe:rn..
JO. nO)DU'HA II �fACCOBblE OEIII.ECTBEJIHhlE orrAHil3AUHR IIAPHffiA B AIIPEJJE
«;ho -- nc,iiua cBHr.u;enmurn.- Hapo;J.Hhle K.1yi>hl no npe:\lrr nmurym>1.Coma a,emn;1m ,::i;;rn 3HIT{HThI Tfi:1p1rn..:.a H y.xo;i;a aa paHCHbL\nJ.- Qe1-1Tp,aJ11,n1,Iii KO:';IH.TeT HaLtHOHa�n,HoÜ rBap;um n lfoYMyH.a. lfx nepBbJe CTo:urnone
HHH.- nOMMyHa H 00:MOlJRHHhlC :rniicrmrn COBeTOB ;iemOHOB.- Pecrry(bH
NaHCIŒ.Ü C01(13 ;i;enapTa.MeJIT0B.-- Ilapn.inCnRH lio&1Myna R lla(OHl,I.- ÛTKphlToe n11 c1,Mo Be:rn N Tr,epy.
I'.,1,a.6a oi>u,uuai>,famaa,
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(A. JI. Jlo.w-,,;,)
no
404
410.
21 M.-\ff t87f r.
L C03,UAHHE HOMl1TETA OBlllECTBEHHOro CIIAC}:HIHI . . . . . . . . . . . .
�Ja-ce;i;amre RoltMYHI>I 1 :MaH.-- Orn.1m..:n peno:iIOI�HOHHOH o6�eCTBeHHOCTH
Tiapm:r1 n Ha coa;i;amrn RmtHTeTa ofü.[(ecTnennoro -crracenm1.
422
2. OBOCTPEHJIE BOPI.Sbl B RO�DIYHE no BOIIPOCY o BOEHHOM PYROBOACTBE
430
CMeHa BOOHHOfO .a;e.rrerara.- Tpemrn llei:nÂY ROMHTCTOM o6m;ecTBCHHOro cnaceHJIH II BOeliIJI,l)f ;{C.1er.JTO�I.
554
3.
PEOPl'AHH3AIJ,IUI BOEHHOro AIITIAPATA l{QM?tf-"YHhl ..•........•
Tpe6oBau-'Ha Qe-nTpaJll>Hom KOMlrl'eTa na1�.11œrnm-.Hoif rnap;vm.- PemeHHH,
I IJ)BJUITLie Ifo11HyHoii. no nonpocy o ooeuHOM anrrapaTc.
4.PA3HOrJIACHH
B ROMMYHE
no BOilPOCY OB OTHOIIIEHIIII H
cor:IAillATEJlb-
· · · · · · - · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
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uHHan o6Iu,ec-rneHHOCTb Ilapuma IIp0THB cor.:rnrnemrn c Bepca;:re)f.- Coopa
IIH·C �e:c-eraron 0T qeTbipex M3CCOBJ.IX ;l,C'M-OH:par.RqecJ,HX opraHH3aI\H 'ÏI ITapH
ma 7 MaH.
5.,::(A,';IbHE:0:IllEE OBOCTPEHHE EOPhl,bl :MElli)].Y <<BO.:ILIIIIUICTBO:\L, Il «MEH:hIII HHCTBOM,> ROMMYHhl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .
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norrpocy o r;rncuocrn aacc;i;aHBH fünu1ynbl.- O6cym;:t;eHHe nonpoca 06 yno
pn,n;oqemn1 paÔOTbI noMMynu H ee Ko:MJ1ccnii.- Borrpoc o pa3rpa1u1qenHH
cpyHK_qnit -'1en-.;i.y noennoü ;i.e:10ra1Tneii: H'mrnym,1 II I�I{ mu,rrona.1bHOi-i rnap;.J;HB.
6. COEhlTHH 9-10 MAH.HOBAH PEOPrAHH3AIJ,HH TIPABHTE:IbCTBA nO:\DIYHbI
Ilai\emrn q>opTa lfocH. ÜTcTa»1rn Pocce;rn.- :3ace;.i,airn:e l{oirnya1,1 9 MaH.
BI,16c;pb1 nonoro Ro:inneTa o6ru;ecrneHHoro cuacemrn.- Pememrn QeuTpa.:Ib1:1oro !KOllHTeTa o6 u36paIDIB Poœe."UI na UOCT lVIKTaTOpa.- 3a-ce,1,.amrn H'.OM
M YIILI 10 }laH.- lfa6panue ,ll;e.'lCK..'II03a rp.am,1,aHCnll:M: ,1,e.1ernTŒI upn BOCi-J
HOM MHHHCTCpcTne.- PemeHIΠllO ;i;e:ry Pocce:rn.- fiercrno Pocce:rn H3
p.a.Tym.H.CoBem;.a.nHe q:ienon. <<6o.;n.m.n:ncTB-a>> l{m,nryHbI 11 irnH.
43�
43ti
441
417
7. EOPhEA MHEHH:0: n IlAPlUHCROil PEBOJIIOIJ,HOHIIOfl: IlPECCE no BOIIPOCY
0 BOEHHOll ,UURTATYPE H O ;z:{EilCTBHHX J>OCCE:Ifl ... . .......
IlpanBTeJlliCTBO Ro.MMYHhI o6BBHHeT Pocce:rn n 1-u..-.wne.- ÜTHomem1e paa
.JJ.H'IHLIX KpyroB nap:e:mcKoro uace;rnmrn K oTcTaBKe II OC'rcT11�· Pocce.;rn_ Or
R.'IHKll B' B�pca.a:e.- Piaauor.,i.acllH cpe;i;tt peno.JJOl.VtO!moii: upeccb1.- Ou,em-«1
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8. COUHAJibHO-3ROHOHHqECHHE MEPOIIPIIHTIUI nO�no·HhI B IL\qA.îE II CEPE
. ...._ ...
;(llHE HAH ... .. ... .. .. . .......
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poca o 6ec.J1:ffiTHOÜ. BhT;J.011e uemei-i R3 :ioMoop;i.a na :rnce;i;.amrn.x Koirnym.1
3 n 6 Man:.- lipoeKT H'.mrnccHH rpy;:i;a H ofot.erra o .1Hnnu,:i.a1�HH :ro:Moap;:i;on.
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crepcKKX.- IIpoeKT ,i;eKpeTa 0 pCKBH3lHUUI DCCX npynm,IX npC'�Up1rnnüi.06cym:.rl;eIDie 11ep no oxpane Tpy.J:a H Gopb6e c 6eapaûonu�eü: na 3ace;:i;a
mn1 no:MMYHM 4 Ma».- O6cym.,1,e1rne no11poca o uepe;i:aqe noeHHbIX 3a1rnaorr
paooqHM acco_qnoa_qHflM ua 3ace;:i;anHH noMMYHhI 12 MaH.- Ilpoc.(,eccttoHa.lb
HhIC COI03bl .H IlpOH3B0,lCTBCHHble IWOIIepaTHBhl B mPrn.-w lJ cepe;ornc :Ma.JI. <<l1IIHI�HaTIIBHfü'l K0llHC<:lŒ>> c:D€�cpa.lbHOro <'.Ottera J11nepnau,tto1Ia.1a JI ee
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crpaAannmM 01' 6oM6ap.:ie.poeKR.� ITpo�OBO::IbCTBeHHbie .\tepu Koirnym,1 Il
Mac.-- MepbI Ro.\f.\fyHLI no y.n:yqmeHHJ0 no.-r omeRH.H TIJY;l;HI_qHXCH ,1.;eHI_qHH li
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9.MEPhl ROHM:YHbl no PA3PYIDEHHIO DAM.R.THllHOB )U1.TIIITAPII3)L\ 11 PEAH1{0H
H no YBEROBEqEHHR) PEBOJIR)UHOHHhlX COBbITI:IfI TIPOIH:IOro
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HlieHonaHHe YJIHI:( IIapH.ma.
10.OTRPhlThl.0: ROHCl>JllIRT MEHC;z:{Y<,BOJlblIIHHCTBO:M,, JI «MEHhIIIHHCTBO)fa ROM
MYHI,I.;z:{EHJIAPAIJ:HH«MEHblOHHCTBA,> (15 MAH) II O'fHOIUEHllE H HE.il
PA3JIHqHhlX HPYrOB OBmECTBEHHOCTH ITAPHlliA . . ........ .
Crropb1 rro nonpocy o npanax nOMHTeTa o6m;ecTneHHoro cuacemrn Ha 3ace
;.i;aBHH
KOMMYBLI
12 lffi.H.- ,L(eR:rnp.au;1uc <OICHLlJJHHCTBa>) I{.;nrn:ym,r
/289
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(15 Man).- ÛTKJIBKll peBOJIIOD,BOHHOB npeooLI Ba �eKJiapa�IO «K8BLfflBB·
craa».- OraomeHHe 6ypmyiaa-111.ix KpyroB .u,aceJiellllJI iJlapJDKa K ){8KJiepa
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Ha sace,laHHB RoMMyBhl 17 MaJI.- CTOJl'IŒ0B8BIUI Ke� «OOJILIDJIHCTBOK» 11
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napHmCKHX CeKn;Hii IiBTepHaD,HOHaJia no DOBOAJ �euap� CK8HI,IIIEI
CTB8» KOMM}'Hhl.- O6cym.I(eHHe B0npoca O pa3BOrJHlCIIJIX B RoMKyBe Ba
coôpaHHH u:a6apa'l'-eJie:ii IV oKpyra.
11. MEPhl ROMMYHhl no IlEPECTPOltKE CY,UEBHoro AIIIIAPATA B HA'tlAJIE H CEPE,UHHE MAH. BOPLBA C IlO,UPbJBHOli .t{ERTEJibHOCTbJO ROHTPPEBOJIIOIJ;HOHEPOB B IIAPHlliE . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • . • •
515
Mep1>1 RoMMym,I no nepecT_poirne cy,n;e6Horo emiapaTa :a B'811ia.Jle H eepe,n1rne MaJI.- 3aKphlTHe pa,I{a raaeT H mypHa.;ioB, Bpa,KJJ;eolllllx Koan,1yue.
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pa:me.- MephI Ro:\tMyHhl npOTlIB no�pLIBHLIX ,n;eicTBBi ROHTppeBOJIIOJU1Cl1[HLIX :me.MeHTOB B Ha'l!Me H cepeJJ;HHe MaH.- O6cym�eRHe Bonpooa 0 J<a3Blll
3aJIOlliHHKOB Ha aace,I{aHlUI RoMMYH.hl 17 Ma.11.- l{eJJTeJll,HOCTL ÜOBBHHre.n1r
Horo mropn.- IlpoeKT peopramrna�IDI noe1moro Tpll6YHaJia B o6�enomrr:e.
qecKHii peBOJIIOil;HOHlILIH Tp'HOYHo0.Jl.- AKTHBH�BJ:I !KOm'p1>8BOJIIOI(ROHHLl:t
8.'le.MeHTOB, D nap:e:me nepe� BropmeHRm.l B uero B0pooJIWKBX BOHCK.- Ilo
CTaHOBJiemrn ll;eHTpam.HOI'O R.OmITeTa O COïK>R.0HlIK OOHOO.T0JThC'l'& rocy��-p
CTBeHBOH p8HTLI H KHBTB rocyp.apcTOOHHOro A0.:Ira.
r.,1,aea
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HAPOt);HbIE RJIYBW IlAPIDKA B � KOMMYIILI
(JO. mJI.1t-n.aünô ' qu"'azo)
Hcroque:KH.- RJiy6LI B nep11op; oca� Ilapuma.- Ilporpa1D18. c.KOIOITe'l'oB
6Ae:Te111,uocT11» B qieBpaJJe 1871 r.- HaMeHeHBe po11B KJiyooB nocJle BoccraHIDI 18 MaI)Ta H nponoJT.tameHBH RoMM}'HLI.- 06m;ecTOOHRLle opramr:a.aJ:(J[ll
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B �e.Ü:Ho-TIO.'Il{THqeoxoii '1Œ3Bll mry6oB.- CTpeMJJ.eBBe
K OOIJ,HMLHLIM npeoopaooB aHHHM.- B;mmrne m1pHIBCKHX ce� HJ1Tepim�BOH.a.JI,a B
KJiy6ax.- IJpoqRe BOIIpOCLI, o5cy�aBm:e:ecH D KJ1y6a:x.
534
K.'fYOOD
IlapH�cKa11 RoxMyua 1871 r.
Tox I.
Ymeep31el}etto 1. ne'«lmu Httcmumi,moM ucmopuu AxaOeMUII ?UIJIX
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2. BKJieitKa. Yq. BB,laT. n:. 46,8. T■paac .M)()O &Ha.
tl>0pMaT 70X1081/11 • IIeq, n. M,75. YCJJ.Oe'I. n. 47,60
T-03422. Mait. Nt 5027. THo. saie. ,. 1506.
I{etta 3 p116. oo ,con.
+
lls�aTeJibCTBO AHa;telllUIH BaYJ{ CUCP. MOCHBa, B-62., IIOJlcoceBCRd nep .. 21
2-R nmorpacpua HanaTeJILCTBa AH CCCP. MOCHBa, r-99, Wy6■BCK:a:I: bep., 10.
OITE llA TKH
C-rp.
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119
11 CH.
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337
474
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2 CH.
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