ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǰǸDzǻǺǶǪ
ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘ ǪǭǸǭǪDzǰǵ
ǨǨǨǭ
ǸȖȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ ȋȋ ǺȖȔ XXIV-Ǩ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǰȘȒțȚȖȊ DzȈȘȘȐȒ
 Ǩ Ǭ ǪȍȘȍȊȒȐȕ Ǫ Ǫ
ǨǨǨǭ ǸȖȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ǺȖȔ I (ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕ-
ȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ ȋȋ Ǻ XXIV-Ǩ). – ǩȔ:
Salamandra P.V.V., 2018. – 152 ș – (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹǽXXVIII).
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȍȘȖȐ Ȑ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȖȊșȒȖ-
ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ Ȍțȝȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ǩ ǰȘȒțȚȖȊȈ Ȑ
Ǫ ǪȍȘȍȊȒȐȕȈ ©Ǩ Ǩ Ǩ ǭª ȔȍȟțȚșȧ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȔ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȚȖ Ȋ ȈȏȐȈȚșȒȐȍ
ȋȈȘȍȔȣ ȚȖ Ȋ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȌȎțȕȋȓȐ – Ȑ ȗȖȊșȦȌț țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ©ǸȖȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑª ©Ǩ Ǩ Ǩ ǭª ȉȣȓ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȕ Ȋ  ȋ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ
© Authors, estate, 2018
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȗȖȌȋ. ȚȍȒșȚȈ, ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2018

ǨǨǨǭ
ǸȖȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ
ǺȖȔ I

DZǹǮǰǮ ǽdzǾǰǮȍ
Ȑ ȘȜȠȜȞȜȗ ȕȎȐȭȕȩȐȎȓȠȟȭ ȝȓȞȐȩȗ ȡȕȓș
I
— ǻȘȈ
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ
— ǻȘȈ
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ
— ǻȘȈ
— DzȈȟȈȚȤ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ
— ǺȐȠȍ ȟȍȘȚȐ ǸȍȉȘȈ șȓȖȔȈȍȚȍ
— ǻȘȈ ǻȘȈ ǻȘȈ
ǻȝ ǿțȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ǸțȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ
ǷȖȌȉȘȖșȧȚ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȐșȤ ǯȕȈȓ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓ, ȒȖȋȖ ȌȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȜȓȖȚ
ǺȈȒȐȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȖȊ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖ ǶȌȐȕ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ǯȌȖȘȖ-
Ȋȣȍ DzȘȍȗȒȐȍ ǹȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ
ǪȏȓȍȚȈȍȚ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȒȊȍȘȝț ǹȔȍȍȚșȧ
— Ǩ ȕț ȗȖȊȣȠȍ
ǰ ȗȖȊȣȠȍ ȕȍȗȓȖȝȖ Ǽț Țȣ ǬȈȎȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ ǷȘȐ-
ȊȣȒȈȑ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚȍ ȌȈ Ȋ ȉțȘȦ"
DzȘȍȗȒȖ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǸțȒȐ ȒȈȟȈȊȠȐȝ țșȚȈȓȐ
Ǩ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍ țșȚȈȓȖ
— ǵț ȉțȌȍȚ ș Țȍȉȧ
ǶȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǺȍșȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȓȐ ǸȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȖ șȔȍȦȚșȧ țȓȣȉȈȦȚșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ"
— ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ:
— ǻȘȈ
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8
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȑ ǰȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȉ ȟȚȖ
Ȉ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȉ ȏȈȟȍȔ? ǪȖȚ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș. ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȐȚșȧ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț țȘȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ"
— Ǩ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȒȈȟȈȦȚ"
— Ǩ ȒȖȋȖ"
ǵȈȌȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ
ǻȘȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șțȌȕȖ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȖșȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ
DzȈȟȈȦȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȟȍȕȒȐ ȊȣȚȘȧșȚȐ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȥȚț ȕȖ-
ȊȖșȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ
DzȈȟȈȦȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȈ
ǻȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȣ" ǵț ȚȈȒ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
II
șȈȔȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȗȖ ǵȍȊȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚ
— ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȕȈȓ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ
ǹȘȈȏț țȌȐȊȐȚȍșȤ ǵȈ ǵȍȊȍ șțȌȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ǵȈ ǵȍȊȍ șțȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȊȓȍȏȚȤ Ȋ ǵȍȊț ȊȓȍȏȈȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȕȈȓ
ǫȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȒțȗȞȣ ȋȓȖȚȈȦȚ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȖȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȚȖȕȕ ȋȘțȏȈ ǿȐșȚȣȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ
ȔȣȚȤȧ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȓȈȌȖ-
ȕȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȝȖȌȕȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ǻȋȘȦ-
ȔȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȝȓȈȔȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șțȍȚȕȧ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȐ ǹȒȘȐȗ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȝ
DzȘȈȕȖȊ ǫȖȊȖȘ șȖȚȍȕ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȧȝ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȑ
ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖ ǹ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȤ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȣ ȚȦȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ȔȍȠȈȦȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǬȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖȍ
ȊȈȔ șțȌȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȈșșȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ȕȍ
ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ

9
ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȐȡȍȚȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖșȖȉȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ǫȣ Ȑȡȍ-
Țȍ șțȌȕȖ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȧȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȒȘțȋȖșȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ
ǭȋȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ șȘȈȏț ǪȖȕ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǫȌȍ
ȘȍȦȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ǫȌȍ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȔțȏȣȒȈ
ǪȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ ǰ
Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȍȚȍșȤ
DzȘȖȔȍ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȖȊ Ǫ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȝ șțȌȕȈ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ țȟȈșȚȐȍ
ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȘȈȑȖȕȣ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ
III
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȚȣ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ șȣȕ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șțȌȕȍ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ șȣȕȍ Ƕȕ Ȍț-
ȔȈȍȚ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ
— ǹȣȕȒȐ ȕȈȠȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȕȈȠȐ
ǴȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȊȖȓȕțȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȒȈȒ
ȗȚȐȞȣ ȉȤȦȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒȐȔȐ ȜțȜȈȑȒȈȔȐ
ȀțȚȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǵȈ șțȌȕȍ ȐȌțȡȍȔ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȜȓȈȋȖȔ
ȖȉȢȍȝȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ ǷȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ ȔȐȔȖ
ȚȊȍȘȌȣȕȤ ȏȓȍȑȠȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǯȈȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț Ȋ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ ǷȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȉȘȈȚșȒȖȍ ȗȖȎȈȚȐȍ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȍȊ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ǰ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǷȖȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȈȓȧȡȐȔ ȓțȟȈȔ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǷȍȘȍ-
ȒȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȠțȚȒȖȑ ș ȏțȉȈșȚȖȑ ȈȒțȓȖȑ ǹȖȘȊȈȚȤ șȗȍȓȣȍ ȉȈȕȈ-
ȕȣ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ǰȕȌȐȐ ǷȖȌȘȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ ǩȖȘȕȍȖ
ǻȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓț Ȋ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈȝ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǪȐȠ-
ȕț ǴȈȓȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ"
DzȈȒ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ"

10
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ǶȚȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠȐȑ ȟȈșȖ-
ȊțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȣȌȈȊȐȓ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȍȔ… Ȕȣ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ Ȕȣ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ
ǰ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȍȡȍ șȓȖȊ ȕȈȌȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ
ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȝ
— Ǵȣ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ
ǬȈȊȈȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ǶȚȟȈȓȐȊȈȑ, șțȌȕȖ ǻȗȓȣȊȈȑ,
ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ǵȣ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ȕȈȏȈȌ
— ǻȘȈ
IV
— ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ǵȐȒȈȒ ǼȖȒșȐȒ
—ǬȈȟȚȖȚȣ"
— ǭȑ-ȍȑ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȔȖȚȘȐ
— ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ǼȖȒșȐȒ
ǷȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ șȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȝ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȈȓșȧ ȗȍșȐȒ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȖ-ȉȍȓȣȑ ș ȖȉȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȝȊȖș-
ȚȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȠȈȔȐ ǷȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ǷȖ-
ȒȘțȚȐȓ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȖȑ ǷȖȚȧȕțȓ ȕȖșȖȔ ǰ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȣȋ-
ȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǭȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ șȖȉȈȟȤȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȕȍșȚȐ
ȥȚȖȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ ǭȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ
ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ
ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȓȈȗȈȝ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ
ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȗȕ șȊȖȍ șȖȉȈȟȤȍ
ȌȍȓȖ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȣȓȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȦȕȖșȚȐ"
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ
dzțȟȠȍ țȚȖȗȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ șȕȍșȚȐ ȚȈȒțȦ ȖȉȐȌț Ǩ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ!

11
V
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǵț"
— ǷȘȐȒȈȎȐȚȍ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȠȓȦȗȒț
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǺȈȔ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ"
— ǼȖȒșȐȒ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȀȓȦȗȒȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ǫȘȍȉȓȐ ȕȈ șȓȈȊț
ȝȊȈșȚȈȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȊȠȐȔȐ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȈȚȣȔȐ
ǸȈȏ-ȌȊȈ ǸȈȏ-ȌȊȈ
ǿȍȚȒȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȊȍșȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȐȝțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȕȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȟȈȑȒȈȔȐ ȊȏȔȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȊȍȘȝț
— Ǭȍ-ȍȘȎȐșȤ ǼȖȖ-ȖȒșȐȒ
ǼȖȒșȐȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ ȜȣȘȒȈȓ
ȒȘțȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȖ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȓȣȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǸȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț
ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȠȓȦȗȒȖȑ Ȋșȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȓȖșȤ
— ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ǬȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ"
— ǬȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ
— Ƕȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ țșȚȈȊȈȚȤ șȚȈȓ"
— ǰ ȚȖ, țșȚȈȍȚ
— ǵȈȊȈȓȐșȤ-ȒȈ ȌȘțȎȕȍȑ
ǰ Ȋ Țț șȈȔțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȍș ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ
șȐȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ
ȘțȒȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ Țȍȗȓȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȘȖȋȘȍȔȍȓȖ ©țȘȈª Ȋ
ȟȍșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ
Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ DzȘȖȕȠȚȈȌȚ ǷȘȖȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ ȖȚȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț șțȌȕț ȘȐȚțȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǼȐȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ — ȔȖȘȍ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȔȖȘȍ — ǩȈȓȚȐȑșȒȖȍ șȍȘȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ-șȊȐȕȞȖȊȖȍ
ȔȈȓȖ șțȓȧȡȍȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȑ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȚșȧ
ȍȋȖ ȝȔțȘȣȔ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȔȖȘȍ

12
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ
ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȉȖȘȚȈ ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȓ șȊȍȎțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ ǯȈȓȦȉȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȚȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ, ȒȈȒ ȉȍȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȍȔț
ȗȈȓțȉȍ ǼȖȒș ȊșȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȗȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ȅȚȖ Țȣ ǼȖȒșȐȒ? — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ.
ǼȖȒș ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȒțȞȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȏȕțȓ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ
ǭșȓȐ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȝȖȟȍȚ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȚȖ
șȍȑȟȈș șȈȔȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ șȚȖȐȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȧ Ǫ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȔ ȊȖȓȍȦ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ șțȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȓȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ
ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ Ȑ Ț Ȍ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋȣ
ȕȍ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ, ȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȘȖșȚȈ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚȍ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ
ȞȊȍȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ ǬȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ǸȖșȚ —  ȜțȚȖȊ  ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȌȦȑȔȈ
Ǫȍș —  ȗțȌȈ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ
ǪȖȓȖșȣ — ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȍ
ǫȓȈȏȈ—ȒȈȘȐȍ
ǿȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȍ
ǿțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ ȘȖȌȐȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȡȍȒȍ
ǰȔȧ — ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ǼȈȔȐȓȐȧ Ȉ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȔ DzȈȒȖȍ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ" ǷȘȖșȚȖ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ
_______
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ șȚȖȧȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ
ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȒȖȑ ȔȈȧȟȐȓȐ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ DzȘȖȕȠȚȈȌȚȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒțȦ ȉȍșȒȖȏȣȘȒț ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȌȖȝȕțȓ
șȖȓȍȕȣȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖșȒȈȝ ȊȗȐȓ-
șȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ
ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ ȔȖȘȍ

13
VI
— ǷȖȘȈ Ǯȍȕȧ
— Ǩȝ ǪȍȘȒȈ ȌȈ ȖȚșȚȈȕȤ Țȣ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȖȘȈ Ǫșȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȠȓȐ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȝȖȌ
— Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȍȏȤ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȒȍ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȣȉȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȌȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȖȚȔȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȑ
ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ
— ǽȖȚȤ ȒțȘȚȒț-ȚȖ ȏȈșȚȍȋȕȐ — ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ȚȈ — ǽȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǹ ȔȖȘȧ ȚȧȕțȓȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ șȣȘȖșȚȤȦ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ȏȈșȚȍȋȕțȓȈ țȎȍ
ǰ Ǯȍȕȧ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȕțȓȈ ȒȖȎȈȕțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț ǵȈ ȓȍȊȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȋȘțȌȐ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚ ǰȓȤȐȟȈ dzțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ
— ǰ ȟȚȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ? — ȕȍ țȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȌȘțȋȈȧ. — ǰ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ-
ȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȈ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȍª Ǩ Țȣ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ Țȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǪȍȘȒȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȔ ǰȓȤȐȟȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊșȚȈȓȈ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ǻȍȝȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ǻ-ȍ-ȝȈ-ȓȐ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ"— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ țȍȝȈȓȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ țȊȐȌȧȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȔȖȘȧ,
ȕȖȊȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȖȊȖȍ ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ țȊȐȌȧȚ ȅȝ șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦ ȧ ȐȔ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦ
— Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ǬȖȎȌȤ ȉțȌȍȚ
— ǵț ȐȌȍȔ ȐȌȍȔ dzȈȌȕȖ
ǰ ȌȊȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȔȍȎ ȋȘțȌȈȔȐ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȦ-
ȒȖȊ, ȗȖȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț
VII
Ǯȍȕȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ

14
ǭȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ" Ǫ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȐșȚȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ
ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȔ ǮȍȕȐ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ
ǬȍȚșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȝ ȚțȘȒȍșȚȈȕșȒȐȝ șȚȍȗȧȝ ȕȈ ȈȜȋȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǶȚȍȞ — ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȐșȚ ǰȏ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȋșȚ-
ȊȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȖȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȍ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȑ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ șȖ șȔțȋȓȣȔ
ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȓȈșȤ Ǯȍȕȧ
ǴȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ
ȉȣȚȈ ǶȚȍȞ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȑ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ
Ȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ
ǷȓȦș Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȈȔ
ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȎȐȘȕȣȔ ȉțȘȎțȈ — ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȍ ȖȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȧȉȘȤșȒȖȋȖ ȠȒȊȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȍȔ DzǰǴ
Ȉ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ Ǫǻǯ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȖȔ ȉȖȍȊ șȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ȚȐ-
ȠȐȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȒȐ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȒȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ, Ǯȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ ǵȖ
ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȈ
ǯȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ șȊȖȦ ȈȕȒȍȚț Ȑ ȊȗȐșȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȋȘȈȜț
«ǵȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȧȏȣȒȈȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"»
ȖȚȊȍȚ
«ǵȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȜȈȘșȐȌșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧȝ» —
Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȘȍȠȈȍȚ ȍȍ șțȌȤȉț
VIII
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ș
ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ  Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȔȍșȚț șȊȖȍȑ șȓțȎȉȣ
ǩȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȖȔ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ — ȥȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ șȐȕȍ-
ȒțȘȈ ǶȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕ — ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȖȏȖȓȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȖȘȌȖȊ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȈȋ ǹȖ-

15
ȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔȐ ȕȈ
țȟȍȚ
ǷȘȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȍȚșȧ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ ȠȚȈȚȍ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ
ȖȚȉȖȘȕȣȍ ǰ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȚȉȖȘȕȣȔ șȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȈȘȤ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȔȍȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ƕȕ ȗțȚȈȍȚșȧ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȌȊțȔȧ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȒȐ șȚȖȓȤ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌț ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ"
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ
ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȈȜȋȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȏȈȝȊȖȘȈȓ ǯȈȝȊȖȘȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
ǪȘȈȟȐ ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ȏȈ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȖȔ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȚ ȒȘȐȏȐșȈ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ǷȖȍȏȌ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ. ǯȈ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ
țȔȍȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț.
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ǵȍȘȊȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ șȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ șȚțȟȐȚ ȘȣȟȈȎȒȖȔ
— ǨȓȓȖ ǨȓȓȖ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ"
— 17-28, — ȚȧȕȍȚ ȋȖȓȖș ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ -75!
— ǷȖȏȊȖȕȐȓȈ
IX
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ
ȌȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ șȐȓȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ǹȌȊȐȕțȓ
ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ ǷȖȎȍȊȈȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ǷȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȚȤ
ȘțȒȖȑ

16
ǵȍȚ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ
ȗțșȚȖȚȈ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȖșȚȖȑȚȍ
— DzȈȒȖȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȟȐșȓȖ"
— ǷȧȚȖȍ ǪȈȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǷȧȚȖȍ ǷȧȚȖȍ ǩȘȖȊȐ șȎȐȔȈȦȚșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ ǶȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȗȖȚ DzȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ
șȒȈȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȈȔ
ǷȧȚȖȍ — șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȧ
— Ǫȣ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȌȍȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǪȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȊșȚȈ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ǫȣ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȌȍȚȍ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ țȌȐȊȓȍȕ ǭȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȒȖȔȔț-
ȕȐșȚ Ȑ ȍȔț ȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȘȧȌ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ©ȕȍȓȤȏȧª DzȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȊȔȍ-
ȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȚȐȑȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ"
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ șȍȑȟȈș ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȌȍȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǭȡȍ ȒȘțȗȕȍȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ ǭȡȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȍȍ ȐȏȓȖȔ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ǵȍȚ ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊșȚȈȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ƕȕ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ǩȍȏȌȖȕȕȈȧ ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȡțȗȈȍȚ ȗțȓȤș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
ǷȈȊȓȖȊȈ
— ǵț" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
— ǷȓȖȝȖ ǩȍȏ ȒȈȔȜȈȘȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ
Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ
— ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ
X
ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȈ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ
— șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ
— ǨȓȓȖ ǩȖȓȤȕȐȞȈ șȓțȠȈȍȚ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ DzȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ"

17
— ǩȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ"
— Ƕȕ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ"
— ǵȈȌȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȝțȌȠȍȍ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ"
— ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕțȎȍȕ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚ-
Ȍȣȝ ǰ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȌȈȓ ȖȚȉȖȑ ǨȘȈ-
ȝȈȕ șȕȖȊȈ șȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȘțȉȒț ǹȕȖȊȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ șȚțȟȐȚ Ȋ ȘȣȟȈȎȖȒ
— ǨȓȓȖ ǨȓȓȖ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ"
— 17-45.
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ǾDzǸDzǷ
— ǾDz ǷȈȘȚȐȐ"
— ǬȈ ȌȈ
ǹȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȉțȦȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ǵȍțȎȍ-
ȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș șȚȍȘȍȖȚȐȗȕȖȍ
— ǯȈȕȧȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ
— ǵȍȚ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȕȐȓȈ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȅȚȖ ȒȖȔȔțȚȈȚȖȘ ǾDz"
— ǬȈ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ǻȟȘȈșȗȘȍȌ ǻȟȘȈșȗȘȍȌ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡț ǨȘȈȝȈȕț ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ ȌȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ
ȟȈșȖȊ
— ǻȟȘȈșȗȘȍȌ șȓțȠȈȍȚ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ..
ǻȟȘȈșȗȘȍȌ ș ȗȖȓșȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ
XI
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ǻȟȘȈș-
ȗȘȍȌȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȠȒȈ-
Ȝț ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȣȝ ȧȡȐȒȈȝ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ țȟȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȐ ȟȓȍ-
ȕȖȊ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ

18
ǷȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓ ȕțȎȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ, ȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȍ
ǬȈ ȌȈ
«— ǹ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȋȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ"
— ǹ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȖȔ
— ǵȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȧȏȣȒȈȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"
— ǵȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȜȈȘșȐȌșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧȝ».
ǵȈ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ȊȣȗȐȠȍȚȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȒț ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ǷȈȊȓȖȊȈ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
— ǰ șȘȖȟȕȖ șȈȔȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ȕȈ ȌȖȔ
— ǬȈ
— ǭșȓȐ ȏȈșȚȈȕȍȚȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȊȍȏȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘț Ȓ ǨȘȈȝȈȕț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ
țȑȚȐ
— ǶȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚȒț ǵȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȍȔ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ ǭșȓȐ țșȗȍȍȚ ȗțșȚȤ ȍȌȍȚ ș
ǨȘȈȝȈȕȖȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ
ǰ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ:
— ǬȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȟȈș ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȑȚȍșȤ țșȗȍȚȤ
XII
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȏȈȟȍȚ
Ǯȍȕȧ șȐȌȐȚ ț șȚȖȓȈ ȗȖȌȎȈȊ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȍȘȍȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȏȈȟȍȚ
ǻȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȟȍȚȣ ǪȘȈȟȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ — ȉȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȊșȧȒȐȑ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ ǪȘȈȟȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ǵȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȖȌȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȝ țȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȔ Ȑ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȖȚȗțșȒ ǵȖ țȍȝȈȓȈ ȕȍ Ȋ DzȘȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ țȋȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȉ Ȋ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ

ǭȑ ȦȎȈȕȒȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȥȚț
șȚȖȓȐȞț ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȑ
ǰ șȍȑȟȈș șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȕȍȚ-ȕȍȚ ȌȈ ȊșȗȓȣȊțȚ ȥȚȐ
ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȍȑȒȍ ȊȣȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȓȖȡȈ-
ȌȐ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȥȚȈ ȘȍȒȈ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ
ȓȍȕȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȊȠȈȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǰ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȉȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȍ ȧȘȒȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ — ȗȘȖȊȖȌȣ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ».
Ǯȍȕȧ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȍȑȟȈș" ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ
ȥȚȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ș Ȑȝ șȔȍȠȕȣȔ ǼȖȒșȖȔ?
Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ…
©ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖª
XIII
ǻ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ Ǿ Dz șȚțȟȐȚ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ǰȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǻȟȘȈș-
ȗȘȍȌȈ ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ ǹȚȘȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȔȟȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǩȖȔȉȖȑ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
ȌȢȍȏȌȈ ǶȚȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȒȐȌȈȍȚ ȠȖȜȍȘț
— ǵȈ ǴȈȓțȦ ǩȘȖȕȕțȦ
ǪșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ țȎȍ ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȋȕȐ ȜȖȕȈ-
Șȍȑ ǵȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȘȍȏȊȖ ȓȈȍȚ ȘȖȎȖȒ DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ȋȣș-
ȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȝ ȒȖȓȍș Ȑ, ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ, ȊȖȘȟȐȚ
șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȖș
— ǵȖșȧȚșȧ, ȟȍȘȚȐ ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ
ǵȈȒȘȈȗȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȝȓȍșȚȒȐȑ
ȗȘȖȓȐȊȕȖȑ ǸȍȏȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȘȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȑ Ȓț-
ȘȚȒȐ ȍȎȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȚ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ"
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ț
ȊȖȘȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȕȈ ǴȈȓȖȑ ǩȘȖȕȕȖȑ
_______

20
XIV
Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǹȚȈȒȈȕ ȖșȚȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȟȈȧ Ȑ
ȓȖȔȖȚȤ ȝȓȍȉȈ ș ȔȈșȓȖȔ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȍȠȒȍ șȚȖȓȈ
ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ ǵǶǺ¶ț Ȑ ȕȐ Ȋ
ȒȖȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȏȈșȐȎȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȓȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ǻșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȌȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ǩțȒ-
Ȋȣ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈ
©ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȢȦȕȒȚțȘȈ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈª
ǹȚȖȗ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ șȚțȟȈȚ ǬȈ
— ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȊȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ șȖ șȚțȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȑ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ
ǵȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ ȉȓȈȕȒ ǾDz dzȐȞȖ ǮȍȕȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍ-
ȕȐȍ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȕȍ"
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȈȔ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȜȖȘȔț-
ȓȈ ȟȓȍȕț ǸDzǷ ȚȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȊȍȘȚȐȚ ȉțȔȈȎȒț Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ǫ
Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȝȈȖș
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȢȦȕȒȚțȘȈ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ǨȜ-
ȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǷȖȍȏȌ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș
ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǿȍȔȖȌȈȕ ǮȍȕȐ ȌȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȋȖ ȗțșȚ ǻȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ
șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȚȐȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȈȕȕțȦ ȦȉȒț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȥȚȖ
— ǵȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ Ǫșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ƕ ȚțȈ-
ȓȍȚȈȝ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȧȚșȧ

21
Ƕ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈȝ" Ǩȝ ȌȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȍȌȤ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ ǷȘȐȍ-
Ȕȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
Ǯȍȕȧ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ, țȕȣȓȖ șȚțȟȈ, ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒțșȖȒ ȔȣȓȈ ȏȈȒȘț-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȚȍȕȞȍ ȏțȉȕȈȧ ȡȍȚȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȟȍșȒȈ ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ȍȡȍ
ȗȈȘȖȟȒț ȒȕȐȋ Ȑ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȊȍȠȈȓȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȖȍ Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȍȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ șȖȊȍȚțȍȚ ȍȑ ȗȘȐȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȐȒ ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ
ǵȍȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȊȍȚȘȈ DzȖ-
șȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ș ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
dzȐȊȍȕȤ
— ǼȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȒȊȈȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ —
ǷȓȖȝȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ
ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ǯȍȕȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȓȈ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ șȔȍȠȕȖȋȖ ǼȖȒșȈ, ȉȈȘȈȝȚȈȊȠȍ-
ȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ șȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ țȍȏȎȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȖșȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ
DzȈȒȖȊȖ ȐȔ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț"
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ șȍȓȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȝ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȏȈȎȍȋ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ
ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǯȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȍȏȌȣ Ǯȍȕȧ țșȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ șȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȚȖ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȊȠțȦ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȔȈȠȐȕț
— ȅȚȖ ȟȍȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡț ǨȘȈȝȈȕț Ȓ ȗȖȍȏȌț
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǹȈȌȐȚȍșȤ ȚțȌȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ǯȍȕȧ ǻșȗȍ-
ȓȐ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȖȔ
— ǪȈȠ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȎȌȍȚ ȊȈș Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ

22
ȃV
©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ǯțȕȌ DzȈȚȚȍȋȈȚ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ
Ǫ ǬțȊȘȍ — ȔȐȚȐȕȋ Ȋ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ Ȓȓțȉȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȖȊȈȞȐȐ
Ǫ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ — ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ș șȐȕȐȔȐ ȉȖȉȉȐ Ȋ ǰșȚ-ȅȕȌȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȗȖ ǷȐȒȈȌȐȓȓȐ ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȍȘȍȏ dzȈȔȈȕȠ ©ǺȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȡª ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ǷȖ ȥȚȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȐȘ Ȑ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ
ȌȘțȎȍșȒțȦ ȗȖȚȈșȖȊȒț
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȉȖȋȕțȊ ǷȐȘȍȕȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓțȖșȚȘȖȊ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȒțȘș ȕȈ
ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǴȈȌȍȘț ș ǴȈȌȍȘȣ ȕȈ DzȈȕȈȘșȒȐȍ ș DzȈȕȈȘșȒȐȝ ȕȈ ǹȍȕ-
dzțȐ Ȓ ǯȍȓȍȕȖȔț Ǵȣșț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȌțȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ǫȊȐȕȍȑșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓȐȊ Ȓ Ȕȣșț ǬȖȉȘȖȑ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ" Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ
ȠȚȖȘȔȧȋȈ
DzȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȋȖȋȖȓȤ-ȔȖȋȖȓȤ Ȑȏ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȠȚȖȘȔȈ Ȑ șȖȓȐ" ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȊȈȝȚț ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ǬȎȖȕșȈ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ȘȍȊțȡȍȔț țȘȈȋȈȕț ǵȈ ȓȖȉ ș ȏȦȑȌȊȍșȚȒȐ ȏȈȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ
ȊȓȈȋȐ ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ
ȚȍȓȤȞȍ Ȓ ȔȖȒȘȣȔ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȔ șȈȗȖȋȈȔ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª
ȚȘȍȡȈȓ
ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ șȚȖȧȚȤ ț șȚȍȕȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȍȔȈȚȤ ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȚȤ Țȍ-
ȓȖ ș ȗȖȘțȟȕȍȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȘȊȈȚȤ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
ȖșȧȏȈȍȔȣȍ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǼȖȒșȐȒ ȍȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȓȈȧȓ ǬȈȎȍ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ
ȚȘȍȚșȧ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ
ǶȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡțª ȕȍ ȊȍȏȓȖ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ș ȐȋȘțȠȒȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ș ȚȘȍȝȚȣșȧȟȍȚȖȕȕȣȔ ȗȈȘțș-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ șțȌȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȉȣȚȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȦ ©dzȖȘȐ-
șȚȈȕȖȔª ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȘȧȋȍ
ǵȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȧȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ǺȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ șȉȖ-
ȘȖȊ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈȋȖȌȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȒȖ ȊșȍȊȖȏ-

23
ȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȘȧȋȈȔ
ǹ țȗȘțȋȖșȚȤȦ ȚȍȕȕȐșȕȣȝ Ȕȧȟȍȑ ȠȕȣȘȧȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ Șț-
Ȕȧȕȣȍ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȔȍȎȌț șȕȈșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȟȚȈȔȐ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȔȍȕȐȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȊȈȝȚț ț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȗȘȖȌȘȖȋ Ȑ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȌȈȓ
șȔȍȕȣ ǵȖ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ǭȋȖ șȔȍȕȐȓȐ ț Șțȉ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȓ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓț Ǫ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈȝ ȗțșȚȖ Ǫșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ
ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ DzȘȍȗȧȚ șȕȈșȚȐ ǴȍȕȧȦȚ ȋȈȓșȣ ǷȖȊȐȕțȦȚșȧ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȕȌȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǷȈȘțșȈ șȔȈȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ǹȖȓȍȕȣȍ șȍȌȣȍ ȎȈȉȘȣ ȊȖȓȕ ȓȈșȚȧȚșȧ Ȓ
șțȌȕț
Ǩ ȊȕȐȏț Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȈ ȚȍȗȓȖ țȦȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȒȈȟȈȍȚ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ dzȐȝȖ Ȑ ȉȍșșȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȊ-
șȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȚȐȊ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȎȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȏȋȖȊ Ȑ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȍȑ
ǷȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ǿȐșȚȣȑ ȗȖȓ dzȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȒȈȉȐȕȒȐ ȏȈȌȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȒȐ ǸȈȌȐȖ-ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ ȔȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȟȈșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȚȖȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȖȟȒȐ
ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȝȕȐȒȈ — șȓțȝȈȟȐ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȒȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȚȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȈȎȍȕȣ
Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȒȍ — șȈȔ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȝȕȐȒ
ǪȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȓ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔ
Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
Ƕȕ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȓțȝȈȟȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȓȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȓȕț ȏȊțȒȖȊ
— Ƕ-ȓȧ-ȓȧ
ǸȈȌȐȖȚȍȝȕȐȒ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȘțȗȖȘ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
— Ǩ—ȓ-ȓ-Ȗ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȉ—ȓ-ȓ-Ȗ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȧȌȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȝȕȐȒ, — ȗȧȚȤ ȘțȔȉȖȊ
ȕȈ ȕȖȘȌ-ȖșȚ ȀȝțȕȈ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ ȚȖȕȕ ǨȓȓȖ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȜȓȈȋ...
ǨȓȓȖ

24
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȋ ȘțȉȒț
— ǷȧȚȤ ȘțȔȉȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȖȘȌ-ȖșȚ
— ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȒȘȍȗȐȚ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț ȘțȗȖ-
ȘȈ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ǻ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȝȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȓȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȦȚ ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȧȚșȧ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȏȊțȒȖȔ
ǶȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȘȈȌȐȖȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȊȗȐ-
șȣȊȈȍȚ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȉ șȈȔ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȏȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȘțȗȖȘ Ȑ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ
ǪȈȓȤȒȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȧȒȖȊ — ȌȘțȋ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ț ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ.
ǪȈȓȤȒȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȘșȍ Ƕȕ ȗȓȦȍȚșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉțȘȍȑ
ǿȚȖ ȍȔț ȠȚȖȘȔ" ǪȈȓȤȒȈ ȖȘȍȚ șȈȔ Ȗȕ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȘ-
ȓȣȒȈȍȚ ȊȣȟȐȚȈȕȕțȦ ȐȔ Ȑȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ ȗȐȘȈȚșȒțȦ ȗȍ-
șȍȕȒț
ǵȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȚȘțșȖȊ
ǶȚȘȈȎȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ
ǵȖ ȗȍșȕȧ ȗȍșȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔȐ ǪȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȊȏȖȘ ǪȈȓȤȒȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȓȖȊȐȚ Ȋ ȋȈȕȋȘȍȕȐȘțȦȡȍȑ șȚȐȝȐȐ
ǸȈȒȍȚȣ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ǩȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȍ
Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
— ǹțȌȕȖ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ — șȓȣȠȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȉȒȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǷȐȘȈȚȣ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȚȣ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈșȚȐ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȋȐȉȕțȡȈȧ ȔȖȓȧȡȈȧ
Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȠȝțȕȈ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șțȘȖȊȖ șȎȈȓ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȉȒț ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȘțȔȉȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȖȘȌ-ȖșȚ
ǻ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȓȍȋȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍșȖ
— ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȁȍȒȐ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ȗȣȓȈȦȚ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ ȗȘȖ ȏȈȉȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȘțȉȒȐ ǼȖȒșȐȒȈ ǵȈ ȋȘȍȉȕȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȉȓȍșȒ
ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȕȈȒȘȍȕȐȓșȧ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ
ȗȘȖȊȈȓ

25
ȃVI
ǩȘȐȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȋȓȈȎȍ Ȑ ȖȉȚȧȕț-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȒțȓȈȝ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȐșȒȘȐȓȐșȤ țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȐșȟȍȘȗȈȍ-
ȔȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ Ƕȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒț Ȑ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ
ȗȘȐȒțșȣȊȈȓ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȋțȉț ǵȖ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ șȈȔȖȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȍ
ǰ ȟȍȔ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ ȠȚȖȘȔ ȚȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ț șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȉȒȐ
ǸțȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ Ȟȍȑș șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȍȕțȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȘȧȒțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȘȍȏȒȐȝ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȝ șȚțȒȈȓșȧ Ȗ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ
ǵȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȘȊȈȓ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ
Ȋșȍ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȠȒȊȈȓ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȌȖȑ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈª Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ Ȉ ȧȘȒȐȑ
șȕȖȗȖȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȖșȚȘȣȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȏțȉȣ ȈȒțȓȣ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȐȑ ȖȏȕȖȉ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȑ
ȚȍȓȖ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȓțȠȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȠȚȖȘȔ.
©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȐșȒȈȓ ǬȈ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ șȊȈȓȒț Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊȏȉȍșȐȊȠȍȑșȧ șȚȐȝȐȐ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȊȠȍȍ șțȌȕȖ.
ȀȝțȕȈ ©ǫțȌ-ȉȈȑª ȉȣȓȈ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǷȖȌ ȉȖȒȖȔ. ǬȍȎțȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȘșȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȒȍȚ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȠțȚȒȈ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌȒț ǶȟȍȕȤ
ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ǩ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ — ȔȖȘȧȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ǷȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ Ȍȓȧ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȋȐȉȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȚȈ
ǪȖȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȘȈȒȍ-
Țȣ ǹ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȏȈȟȍȘȕȍȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȠȓȦȗȖȒ Ȑ
ȓȦȌȍȑ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ȕȈ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ǴȖȘȍ
ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȚȘȐȧȔȐ ȘȐȜȖȊ ǷȈșȚȤ
ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȐȓȈ ȡȍȋȖȓȤșȒȐȔ ȖșȚȖȊȖȔ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈª
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȘȧȊȒȕțȓȈ ȓȖȔȈȦȡȐ-
ȔȐșȧ șȕȈșȚȧȔȐ ȠȝțȕȈ ©ǫțȌ-ȉȈȑª DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ
ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ

26
ǴȕȖȋȐȝ șȔȣȓȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ Ȑ țȕȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ǻȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
țȞȍȓȍȓȐ ȎȌȈȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ Ƕ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ǶȕȐ
ȎȌȈȓȐ ș ȏȈȔȐȘȈȕȐȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȘțȉȒȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ Ȗ ȘȐȜȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȗȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȊȕȐȏ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓțȉț
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǰȏ ȔȈȠȐȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȈșȤ ȉȘȈȚȊȈ ǪȖȌȈ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈª Ȑ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ șȕȐȏț
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒț Ȋȣȓȍȏ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȓțȉț ȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȊȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǶșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȦ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈª șȔȣȓȖ ș ȘȐȜȈ ǭȋȖ ȖșȚȖȊ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȘȈș-
ȗȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ Ȉ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȔ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȔ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ
Dz ȠȓȦȗȒȈȔ Ƞȝțȕȣ ©ǫțȌ-ȉȈȑª ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ
©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈª
XVII
12-ȧ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ǸȧȏȈȕșȒȖ-
DzȈȏȈȕșȒȖȑ Ȏȍȓ ȌȖȘ ȅȒșȗȘȍșș ǴȖșȒȊȈ-ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȓ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ
ǺțȔȈȕ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȖȒțȚȈȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȔȋȓȐșȚȣȑ
șȊȍȚ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ șțȍȚȖȑ șȊȐșȚȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȕȤȦ ȚțșȒȓȐȚșȧ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȔȈȘȒȐ Ƿ ǩțȘȍ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ .35.
Dz ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȊȗȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȘȖȕȍȕȣȑ ©ǴȍȘ-
șȍȌȍșª-ȓȖȌȖȟȒȈ ǵȍȘȊȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȟȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȒțȏȖȊȈ
ȎȍȓȚȣȍ Ȋ șȍȘȣȝ ȟȍȝȓȈȝ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔȣ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ Ȑ ȌȊȖȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ ȉȘȐȚȣȝ Ȋ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ
ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ ș ȔȈțȏȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȉțȘȈȝ ǩȍȘțȚ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
10. ǿȈșȣ ș ȔȈȘȒȖȑ Ƿ ǩțȘȍ ȕȈ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚȍ ȚȖȟȕȣ ȒȈȒ
ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȐ ȐȓȐ

27
ȟȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȝȘȖȕȖȔȍȚȘț ȖȉșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǫȘȐȕȊȐ-
ȟȈ ǷȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ǹ- ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ șȒȖȘȣȑ ǴȖș-
ȒȊȈ-ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȗȣȝȚȐȚ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȐȔ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȔ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȕȖ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ șȐ-
ȘȍȕȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ țȌȈȘȧȍȚșȧ Ȗ ȕȈȋȖȜȘȍȕȕțȦ ȒȘȣȠț ȗȓȈȚ-
ȜȖȘȔȣ Ȗ ȏțȉȣ Ȗȉ țȠȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ.
ǪȖȓȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȓȧȏȋȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈȔ Ȑ ȏȈȔȐ-
ȘȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȉțȜȍȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ
ǵȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗțȓȤȔȈȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȘȍȒȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȎȈȕȒȈȝ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȊȈ-
ȋȖȕ ǿȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ ș ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
ȊȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȎȈȕȒȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȈȏȕȖȠȍȘșȚȕȖȑ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȖȑ ȗȍȘȘȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȦȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȏȈȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȔȋȓȐșȚȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ șȊȍȚ ȉțȜȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ
ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȞȐȧȝ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ" dzțȡȈȚ șȍȔȍȟȒȐ ǷȐȠțȚ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȏȍȊȈȦȚ ǹȔȍȘȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ șȒțȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȏȍȊȈȦȚ ǵȈ ȏȈȌȊȖȘȒȈȝ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȌȐ-
ȒȖ ȊȏȢȍȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȌșȖȓȕțȝ Ȑ ȞȍȓȈȧ șȍȘȐȧ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȕȍțȌȖȉȖȊȈȘȐȔȣȝ ȘȍȗȍȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȐȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈȐȊȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȝ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȚțșȣ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ — ȉȘȦȏȎȈȡȐȑ ȖȌțȚȓȖ-
ȊȈȚȣȑ, ȐȓȐ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ șȗȘȖșȖȕȤȧ ȐȓȐ șȖȕȕȣȑ șȗȤȧȕț
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ
ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȗȕ ȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ țȉȖȘ ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȋ ȚȦȉȍȚȍȑȒȍ Ȓ ȗȖȍȏȌț ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȒȍ
ǹ ȚȦȘȒșȒȐȔȐ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȘțȎȉȍ ǹȚȖȘȖȕ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ
ǬȖȎȌȐȒ — ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȖȍ ǵȍȉȖ — șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȋȓțȗȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ǶȉȓȈȒȈ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȍ Ȗȗ-
ȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ ǵȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒ ȗȍȘȣȠȒȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ș șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ș ȗȈȘȖȑ ȊȈȋȖ-
ȕȖȊ ȚȖ ș ȦȋȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ȚȍȕȐ DzȈȘȈȊȈȕ
ǷȈȘȖȊȖȏ Ȑ ȊȈȋȖȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȖ-ȘȍȌȒȖ ȠȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ

28
dzȦȌȐ ȠȈȘȈȝȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ șȈȘȈȧȔ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȋ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȔ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ
ǷȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȗȚȍȓȣȑ ȊȣȎȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȍȔ, Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ: ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȊȈȘȕȣȑ ș ȗȖȟȚȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔȐ Ȗȝ-
ȘȈȕȧȍȔȣȑ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȚȦȘȒȖȔ ș ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȋȈȕȖȔ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȑ, ȉȍȓȣȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȗțșȚȖȑ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȘȐȋȈȌȖȑ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ — ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȖ-
ȏȐȚ ȊȖȌț
ǿȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȑ DzȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȑ — ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ
ȌȊȖȘ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȗȚȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ
ȐȠȈȒȐ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȔ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ
ǿȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ — ȊȒțșȕȣȑ ȕȈȠȗȐȋȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȧȔȐ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ țȋȖȓȖȒ
ǵȖ ș ȖȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țșȓȈȌȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȔ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ ș ȚȦȘȒșȒȐȔ ȖȘȒȍ-
șȚȘȖȔ
ǺȦȘȒșȒȐȑ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȋȖ șȍȉȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȟȈșȚȧȝ
șȊȍȚȈ ǰșȗȈȕșȒȐȍ ȋȘȈȕȌȣ ȒȖȓȟȈȒȖȊșȒȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ Ȑ ȌȍȕȐȒȐȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȈȘȔȍȑȞȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȣȌțȔȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȊȍȘȖȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȣȚȒȐ
ǵȍȘȊȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȍȘțȚ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȒȘȈș-
ȕȈ ȡȐȗȞȈȔȐ
ǷȖ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒȍ ȌțȦȚ Ȑȏ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȊ
©ǴȈȒșȐȔª ȗȖ ȔȖȏȎȍȟȒț ȗȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȞȐȔȉȈȓȣ Ȑ ȚțȘȍȞ-
ȒȐȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ
ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ǹȈȔȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȏȓȖȊȘȍȌȕȣȑ
ȏȔȐȑ — ȚȘțȉȖȟȒȈ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒțȦ ȔȐȓȦ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ǺȖȕȒȈȧ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȖȒȖȋȖ ȚȦȘȒȔȍȕȈ ȏȈȌțȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚț ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒțȦ ȔȐȓȦ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șțȌȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȚȣ-
ȒȈȚȤ ȊȈȚȖȑ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ țȠȐ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȚȤ țȠȕțȦ ȘȈ-
ȒȖȊȐȕț șȚȍȈȘȐȕȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȖșȒȖȔ ǵȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ Ȋ șȚȍȗȤ
ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ ȔȐȓȧ ȏȈșȚȐȋȕȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ș ȗȖȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǪȣȝȖȌ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋȣ-
ȘȣȚȤ ȧȔȒț Ȋ ȗȍșȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈșțȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȚȘȈț-
șȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗȣȚȈ ș
ȚȦȘȒȔȍȕșȒȐȔ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȖȔ

29
ǵȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ
ǵȖ Ȋȕȍ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȘȖȟȕțȦ Ȍȍȗȍ-
Ƞț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȚȐȘȈȓ ȍȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șțȝȐȔ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊțȔȧ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ
ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȋȖȕȞȈ Ȋ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȑ Ȑ ȚȈȔ
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ Ǫ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ǯȍȕȧ ș
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȈȓȍȕțȦ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȗțȝ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȖȘȌȐȕȈȘȕȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȈ ǴȍȎȌț
ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ, ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖșȚȤ
șȘȈȏț ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǮȍȕȦ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȍȕȐȍ ȚȧȋțȟȐȔ ȈȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȑșȒȐȔ ȧȔȉȖȔ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȊȣȗȐȓȈ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ ȟȈȠț țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȖȈȏȐșȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓȈ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ
Ȋșȍ șȖȘȚȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ șȓȈȌȖșȚȍȑ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ Ȋȍȓ șȍȉȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȊȓȈș-
ȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ
ȒȕȐȎȒț
DzȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȗȈȓȖ ȚȖ ȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ Ȓ ȌȖȓȋȖȔț
ȗțȚȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȈ
ǬȊȈ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍ-
ȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ȌȊȈ — ȗȖȌ ȋȘțȏ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ — ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȧȝ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȎȤȍȋȖ ȉȍȋȈ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȐ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ
ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒȚțșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ
ȘȍȗȍȑȕȐȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓțȦ ȗȍșȟȈȕțȦ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȈȓ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ
ȍȋȖ ©ǸȖȏȈ șȍȊȍȘȈª ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȈ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ș
ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȖȔ Ȋ ǸǹǼǹǸ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ǶȚȘȧȌ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈ Ǫ ȕȐȏȒȐȝ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȐ-
ȒȈȝ ȘȈșȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȒȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑȞȣ-ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȐȒȐ ǩȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȊȍȟȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȉȘȍȌț ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ Ȑ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȐ.
ǹ șȍȊȍȘȈ — ǨȔț-ǬȈȘȤȧ ș ȦȋȈ — șȚȍȗȤ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
șȖȓȖȕȟȈȒȐ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȈ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ǶșȕȈȏȈ ȌȈȓ ȒȖȕȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȣȝ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȧȝ ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ DzȖȕȊȖȑ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓ ȌȖ ȋȘȈȕȐ-
Ȟȣ Ȓ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȐȒȈȔ-ȈȜȋȈȕȞȈȔ ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ-

30
ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȉȈșȔȈȟȍȑ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ Ȗ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȍ ș ȉȈșȔȈȟȈȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȕȈȉȍȋȐ ȕȈ ȖșȍȌȓȖȍ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ǮȈȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȐȏȕțȘȧȦ-
ȡțȦ ȊȣȔȈȚȣȊȈȦȡțȦ șȐȓț ȔȈȓȧȘȐȦ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȈȜ-
ȋȈȕȞȈȝ
ǶȟȍȕȤ țȌȖȉȕȖ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȋȖȘȉȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕȍȠȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔț ȉȍȋț ȥȚȖȋȖ
șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȕȖșȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȚȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟ-
ȚȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȕȖȑ ȍȏȌȍ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
ǿȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ Ȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȈ
ǵȈ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȒȈȝ-ȐȕȖȝȖȌȞȈȝ, Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȜȘȍȕ-
ȟȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȟȈȓȔȍ ș ȒȘȐȊȖȑ ȠȈȠȒȖȑ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȊ ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ
ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȐȒȐ-ȈȜȋȈȕȞȣ
— ǹȍȓȧȔ ȈȓȍȑȒțȔ — ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ
— ǨȓȍȑȒțȔ Ȉ șȍȓȧȔ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȈȜȋȈȕȍȞ
DzȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑȞȣ șȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȈȜȋȈȕșȒȖȑ șȚȘȈ-
Ȏȍ Ȑ, ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȊȠȐșȤ țȍȝȈȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȈȜȋȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ Ƕȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȗ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȍ ȗȖȓȗȘȍ-
ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȐȒȈȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȝ-
ȠȐȍ ȕȖ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȣȔȐ ȧȚȈȋȈȕȈȔȐ
ȕȈȘȧȌț ș șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȈȉȐȕȈȔȐ ȈȜȋȈȕȞȣ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȐ
ǮȍȕȦ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȖȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȝ ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ǨȘȈ-
ȝȈȕȈ ȖȚȘȧȌȐȓ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕț ȗȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȘȈȎȐ Ȑ ȗȖȎȍ-
ȓȈȓ șȒȖȘȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ Ȋ DzȈȉțȓ
ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȖȗȈȔȐ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȖȓȖȕȟȈȒȐ
Ȑ ȊȣȎȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ
ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȈȧ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ Ȑ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȐȧȔȐ ǭȡȍ ȘȍȎȍ șȚțȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȖȒ
ǶșȚȘȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ șȗțșȒȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȣ ȒȘțȚȣȍ ȚȘȖȗȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȗțșȒȐ
ǵȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗțȚȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ǴȈȏȈȘ

31
Ǫ ǴȈȏȈȘȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ ț ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȍșȚȕȐȒȈ ȒȈ-
ȉțȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ǶșȔȖȚȘ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǶȚȌȣȝ
ǷȍșȚȘȣȑ ȉȈȏȈȘ ǴȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȘȣȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ șȈȌȣ ȋȖȘȌȣȍ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȈȜȋȈȕȞȣ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȍ ȌȖ-
ȔȐȒȐ țȏȒȐȍ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ țȓȖȟȒȐ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȐ Ƿȍ-
șȚȘȖȚȈ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȤ
ǴȈȏȈȘ — ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȑ ȖȈȏȐș
Ǫ ǴȈȏȈȘȍ șȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕț Ǫ
ǴȈȏȈȘȍ ȗȘȖȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ ǰȏ ǴȈȏȈȘȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȉȍȏ-
ȊȖȌȕțȦ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ ȀȍșȚȐȌȕȍȊȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȗȈȒȖȊȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȌț
ǵȖ ǴȈȏȈȘ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȈȏȐș ǴȈȏȈȘ — ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐ-
șȚȈȕȍ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȈȜȋȈȕȞȍȊ
Ǩ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȍȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǶȕȈ
ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȥȚț ȗȖȓțȌȐȒțȦ șȚȘȈȕț Ȓ
ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈȔ ǹǹǹǸ ǶȕȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚ ǰȕȌȐȦ
Ǫ ǴȈȏȈȘȍ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ dzȐȟȕȖșȚȐ șȕțȦȡȐȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȓțȗ-
ȞȖȊ ǯȈȗȈȌȈ dzȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȡȐȍ ȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȗȍȠȐ
ȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȦ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ DzȈȉțȓ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ǴȈȏȈȘ ȅȚȖ ȠȗȐȖȕȣ ǷȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ Ȋ ǴȈ-
ȏȈȘ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕ ȕȈȔȍșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ Ȑȏ DzȈȉțȓȈ Ȑ ȠȗȐȖȕȖȔ ǵȈȔȍșȚȕȐȒ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȖȔ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȈȔȍșȚȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ Ȑ
ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȎȈȓ ȘțȒȐ
ȀȗȐȖȕ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȈȓ ȘțȒ ȀȗȐȖȕ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ
ȖȝȘȈȕȣ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȊȠȍȑ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȈ
ȀȗȐȖȕ ȗȘȖȓȍȏ Ȓ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȔ Ȑ ȉȈȋȈȎț ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ ȀȗȐȖȕ
ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȚȉȣȚȐȧ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȖȊ Ȋ DzȈȉțȓ ȠȗȐȖȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ǵȈȌ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓșȧ ȜȓȈȋ
ȀȗȐȖȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓ ȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȗȍȠȐ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ǴȈȏȈȘ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ- ȈȔ-
ȜȐȉȐȧ ǪȐȒȒȍȘșȈ Ǫ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ

32
ȀȗȐȖȕ ȏȈȕȧȓ ȒȈȉȐȕȒț ȀȗȐȖȕ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȓ ȘțȒȐ.
ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ ȉȍȏȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ
XVIII
ǸȎȈȊȣȍ șȒȓȐȏȒȐȍ ȓțȎȐȞȣ Ȑ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȑ șȈȒșȈțȓ — ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ,
ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ǯȍȕȍ șȒȈȏȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȓțȎȐȞ ǹȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
ȔȖȎȕȖ Ǫ ȉțȘȌȦȒȈȝ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȜȓȧȎȒȈȝ — ȊȖȌȈ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȋȘȍȓȖ Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȎȈȘȣ ǿȚȖ
DzȘȣȔ" DzȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ șȖȘȖȒ ȋȘȈȌțșȖȊ ǷȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ
Ȑ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ — ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȜȓȧȋȈȔ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ
ǪȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȐȓȐ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ǵȖ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȐȓȐ ȚȍȔ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȐȚȤ
ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȠȐȉȈȓ șȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȗȖȚ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȊȓȈȋț Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǹ ȌȍșȧȚȐ țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȠȍșȚȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȍȟȍȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ
ȗȍșȖȒ șȕȐȏț ǬȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȠȍșȚȐ ȎȈȘȈ șȗȈȌȈȍȚ ǪȍȘȉ-
ȓȦȌȣ ȉȍȋțȚ Ȑ ȘȐȚȔ ȉȍȋȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ șȓȈȉțȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȒȈȟ-
Ȓț ǵȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȐȓ ǮȍȕȦ ș ȊȣȕȖșȓȐȊȖ-
șȚȤȦ
— ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȖȔ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ Ȋȣ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ, ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȈȐȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȈ-
ȘȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌȒȍ Ȑȏ ȗȍșȒȈ?
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖ ȇ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȉȣ
ǮȍȕȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȧȟȈȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȍ ȗțȚȕȐȒ ȘȈȊȕȧȓșȧ ș ȕȐ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖȑ ȗȍșȕȍȑ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȖȔ

33
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ-ȚȦȘȒșȒȐ Ȑ ȈȘȈȉ-
șȒȐ dzțȟȠȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ș ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ
DzȖ ȊșȍȔț Ȓ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ ț ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȕȍ-
ȐșȚȖȡȐȔȈȧ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȧ Ȑ ȌȘțȎȉȈ
ǷȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȝ ǶȕȐ Ȑȝ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ǩȘȐȚȈȕȞȍȔ ȗțȋȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȗȘȖȒ-
ȓȐȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȓȐ ǹ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȜȓȈȋȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȕȍȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȌȍșȗȖȚȐȧ țȎȈș ȋȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȐ
ǵȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȓ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȘȊȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ǸȈȏȉȐȓȐ ȠȈȚȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȐȓȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȓȍȋȓȐ șȗȈȚȤ
ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȚȐ ȌȍȎțȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖșȔȍȕȕȖ
ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǬȍȎțȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ șȗȈȓȐ
ǷȘȖȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȌț ȒȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȑ ț
ȥȚȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ȌȍȎțȘȐȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ
Ǫ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ Ȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍȘȉ-
ȓȦȌȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ Ȉ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈ-
ȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț Ȑȝ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȍȘȉ-
ȓȦȌȣ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ȐȔȍȓ Ȓ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȔ ȕȍ-
ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȕȖ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ
șȓțȝȖȔ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȍȘȊȕȐ-
ȟȈȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȎțȎȎȈȡȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȚȖȟȒț ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȕȐ-
ȎȈȊȠțȦșȧ Ȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡțȦșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ǷȘȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ
ǨȉȒȍȘ ȏȕȈȓ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ
ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȈȔȜȐȉȐȍȑ ǪȐȒȒȍȘșȈ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈ ȖȚ șȚȖȧȕȒȐ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȈ
ǷȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȒȘȍșȚȐȊ
ȕȖȋȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ
ǰȏ ȈȔȜȐȉȐȐ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ș ȗȓȖȚȕȖ
ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȈșȒȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡț ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȔ
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ"

34
— ǷȖȑȌȐ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐ ț ȕȐȝ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ
— DzțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȚȍ" — ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Țȍȉȧ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȏȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓ
— ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ț ȊȈș"
— ǸȖȊȕȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȠȍșȚȐ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȕȈ
ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ ȗțȚȐ.
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ — ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǰ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȚȘȖȐȝ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȖȓȤȚȣ — ǷȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȌȣ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ ȊȣȊȍȏȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȝ
ǶȕȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȚȒȕțȓȐ ȍȔț ȘȖȚ
ǰȏ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȊȏȧȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȖ-
ȓȍȚȍ
ȀțȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ țșȓȣȠȈȕ Ǯȍȕȍȑ
ǶȕȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȚȐȞț Ȋ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ Ȉ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ǨȉȒȍȘȈ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗțȚȈȊ ȍȔț ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȐȊ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȕȐ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ǯȍȕȧ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȉțȌȐȚȤ ǨȘȈȝȈȕȈ
ǷȖȌȕȧȚȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ǨȘȈ-
ȝȈȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǨȉȒȍȘȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȍȚȣ ȓȦȌȐ,
Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȚȓȐ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ ǨȉȒȍȘ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǶȕȐ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȚȖ Țȣ ȒțȌȈ ȍȌȍȠȤ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȌȣ
ț ȕȈș ǶȕȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍȓȣ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȝ
ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ǶȕȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȊ
ǸȍȠȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȔȖȕȣ Ȑ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȣ
ȅȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒțȦ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȊȗȘȍȌȤ
ȌȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȖȔ țȚȖȓȧȚȤ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȣ ȎȈȎȌȣ
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșȝȖȌțȧ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȚȖȓȐȒț ȓȐȔȖȕȈ Ȑ ȈȗȍȓȤ-
șȐȕȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ DzȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȋȓȖ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐ-
ȔȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
ǿȈș ȏȈ ȟȈșȖȔ ȔȐȓȧ ȏȈ ȔȐȓȍȑ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ
șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȈȓ ǷȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ

35
Dz țȚȘț ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȈȗȍȓȤ-
șȐȕȈ Ȑ ȓȐȔȖȕȈ dzțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȓȈȋț ǪȖ ȘȚț Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ șȋțșȚȒȐ șȓȦȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȐȗȓȈ Ȓ ȕȨȉț Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȊȖșȗȈȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȍȘȉ-
ȓȦȌȣ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȠȍȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȐ
Ǫșȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȊȖȌȣ ǬȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȘȎȈȊȣȝ șȒȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȓțȎȐȞ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔț
ȗțȚȐ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȍșȖȒ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȏȈȉȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȐ ȒțȌȘȍȊȈȚȣȍ ȊȈȓțȕȣ Ǫ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȊȣȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȏȌȈȝ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ
ǬțȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȔȐȘȈȎȈȝ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȓȈȋȐ ȖșȊȍȎȈȦȡȍȑ ȘȖȚ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍșȖȒ șȚȈȓ șȍȘȣȔ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȣȔ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈ-
ȕȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȊȣȍȔȒȐ
ǷȣȓȤ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȢȍ-
ȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȠȍȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ǬȣȝȈȕȐȍ țȟȈșȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȋ
ȎȐȓȈȝ ȕȈ ȊȐșȒȈȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖ șȚțȟȈȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ
Ǫ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȗȋ-
ȘȈȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǵț ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȐȓȍ
ǪȣșȐȓȐșȤ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȔȐȕȈȘȍȚȣ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȍșȚȘȍȓȐ
ȟȐșȚȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȖȔȐȒȐ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ șȈȌȖȊ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȈȎȌȍ Ȉ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ-
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșȚȈȧȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȐȘȈȎ
Ǫ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȈȓ Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȓȈȉȓȈ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȓȍȏȚȤ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȔȖ-
ȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȠȍșȚȐ ȎȈȘȈ șȗȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȐȓȐȓȈșȤ
ǭȝȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ǿȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȐșȤ țș-
ȒȖȘȐȓȐ ȉȍȋ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
— ǩȓȐȏȒȈ ȊȖȌȈ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȉȒȍȘ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȑș-
ȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȦȡȍ — DzȈȉțȓ
ǵȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȔ șțȔȍȘȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ

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ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȓ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ" ȀȚȖȘȔ ȘȈșșȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȔȐȘ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȠȓȦȗȒț ș ȒȓȍȑȔȖȔ ©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡª
Ǫ ȠȓȦȗȒȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȓȈȧȓȈ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ Ȉ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȖȑ
ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȕȍ, ȓȍȎȈȓ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ
ǿȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ș ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ — ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǵȍȐȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ ș ȠȝțȕȖȑ ©ǫțȌ-ȉȈȑª
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ Ȋ ȠȓȦȗȒț ȚȖ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȈȧ șȕȈșȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǰȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȠȚȖȘ-
ȔȖȔ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȓȖȌȒȐ
ǼȖȒșȐȒ ȓȐȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒȐ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȓȈȧȓ dzȈȧȓ ȕȍȎȕȖ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȏȈșȐȕȍȓȈ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȟȈ-
ȚȈȧ ȖȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȓȈȧȓ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ǵȖ ǪȐȒ-
ȚȖȘ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ǷȖȓȖșȒȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȚțȔȈȕ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȓșȧ

37
DZǹǮǰǮ ǰȀǼǾǮȍ
ȑȒȓ ȟȚȓȞȠȪ ȟȚȜȠȞȖȠ Ȑ ȑșȎȕȎ ȑȓȞȜȭȚ
I
ǵȍȐșȟȍȘȗȈȍȔȣȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Ȍȓȧ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȈ — ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȌȖșȚȖȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ
©ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ — ȕȍȋȘȣ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈ-
șȚȐ șȈȊȈȕȕ Ȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ ȧȏȣȒț ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȘȖȊ șțȌȈȕșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȉȈȕȚțª
ǰ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȚȘȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȕȐȎȍ
©ǰȏ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȘȈșȣ ș ȕȍȏȈȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȎȐȊțȚ
ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ȝȈȔȐȚȣª
ǭȡȍ ȕȐȎȍ
©ǭȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ șȚȈȓȐ șȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖª
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ǵȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ©ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌª
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȝȈȔȐȚȖȊ ș ȗȘȐȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȝȈȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȝȈȔȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ-ȝȈȔșȒȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ ș ©ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȕȈȘȖ-
ȌȖȔª
ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȍ ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȉȣ ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ
Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȚȖȘȖȊ
ǫȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȞȍȕȚȘȣ ȉȍȏȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖȑ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȚȐȒȐ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ
ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ǹȓȖȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǷȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȧȘȒȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȍȚ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȖșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȖȒȘȍșȚȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ șȚȖȓȤ ȏȊțȟ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȐȓȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȐȚȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȖȊ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȕȖȊȣ Ȑȝ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȖȋț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȏȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖ-

38
șȚȐ ȕȈȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ șȊȖȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ
șȊȖȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȉȖȋȈȡȈȊȠȐȝ șȈȔȐȝ șȍȉȧ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ ǴȈȘȒșȈ ȖȕȐ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȏȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ©ȟȚȖ
ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȘțȗȕȖȔ
ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ȉȍȏ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȈȞȐȐ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌ-
șȚȊȈ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ Ǫ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȐȡȍȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȍȓȧ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȐª
Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǴȈȘȒș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ©ȕȍȋȘ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȋȘ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ Ȗȕ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȔ ǽȓȖȗȟȈȚȖȉțȔȈȎȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȧȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȝȓȖȗȒȈ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȖȕȈ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȖȔª
ǰ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȏȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ
ȥȚȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǰ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ǶȕȐ ȥȒșȗȘȖ-
ȗȘȐȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȓȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ
ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Țȍ Ȑ ȗȐȒȕțȚȤ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȐșȤ
Ȗ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȍȔȕȣȝ Ȉ ȟȈȡȍ — ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȊ
ǰ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖșȚȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ǬȐȖȌȖȘȖȔ ǹȐȞȐȓȐȑ-
șȒȐȔ Ȑ ȞȐȚȐȘțȍȔȣȍ ǴȈȘȒșȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ©DzȈȗȐȚȈȓȈª
Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȍ Ȗ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȍ ©ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȍȏ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȓ Ȑȝ
țȎȈșȕȖȑ șțȌȤȉȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȗ ȟȐșȚȖȚȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȐȓȐ
Ȗ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȋȖȚȣ ǰȉȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ ȔȍșȚȈ șȕȐșȝȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȗȖȡȈȌȍ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȝȊȖȘȣȔ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒȈȔ Ȓ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ Ǫșȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȕțȎ-
ȌȈȍȔȣȍ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȉȐȟȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ Ȑȝ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȕțȎȌȍª
ǵȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǬȐȖȌȖȘ ǹȐȞȐȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȞȐ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ
ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ

39
II
— ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ, ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ ǩȐȓȤ"
— ǵȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ǩȖȉ ǬȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
— ǰ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ"
— ǵȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȒȈ
— ǹ țȔȈ ȖȕȐ șȖȠȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
— DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍșȚȣ ǩȖȉ ǵȖȊȈȧ ȏȈȚȍȧ ǵȐ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ Ȋ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȣȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧȝ
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ Ȉ ȌȍȓȖ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȝȖȘȖ-
Ƞȍȍ —ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ǩȖȉ
ǩȐȓȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— ǰȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȓȐ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ țȝȕțȓȐ ǩȖȉ
— DzȈȒ ȚȈȒ"
— ǺȈȒ ǵȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ǯȈȊȍȘȕțȓ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ
— ǵț ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǪȖȚ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓ
Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȕț Ȑ țȝȕțȓ
— ǬȍȊȖȟȒȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ"
— ǰ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȟȒȈ
— ǴȖȓȖȌȍȞ
ǪȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ șȈȝȈȘȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȑ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ǭȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕ ǩȐȓȤ ȍȏȌȐȊȠȐȑ ș ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ ǺȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȖȘȖ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȠțȚȒȈ.
ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ ȥȚȖ ȥȚȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ — ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǩȖȉ
ǬȍȕȤȋȐ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȐȠȕȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȗȍȑȒȐ ȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȔȍȘ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȒțȡȍ-
ȋȖ șȟȍȚȈ Ȋ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔ ȉȈȕȒȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǵȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ DzȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȈ
ǩȐȓȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǩȖȉ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȕȐ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȐȚȈȓ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ dzȦȌȐ
ȗȓȈȚȐȓȐ ǩȖȉț ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȋȕțȊȠȐȝ șȊȖȐ

40
ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȚȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȗȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧȝ Ȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȏȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ©ȒȘȐȊȖȔ ȟȍȘȚȍª
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȉȣȓ ȒȘȐȊȣȔ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓ-
șȚȖȔ ȓȖșȕȧȡȍȔșȧ ȖȚ ȎȐȘȈ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ
ȊȖȘȖȟȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ — ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ
Ȋ șȚȣȟȒȍ ș ȗȤȧȕȣȔ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȖȔ ȒțȗȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ șȚȣ-
ȟȒȍ — ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȠȐȓȓȐȕȋȖȊ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȕȕȣȝ
ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȖȔ ǩȖȉț ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔț
ȗȓȈȕȚȈȚȖȘț ȒȈȘȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ǩȖȉ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǾȍȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȖ șȊȖȐ ȚȘȐ ȠȐȓȓȐȕȋȈ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ǺȈȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ©ȒȘȐȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȚª ǯȈ ȐșȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒ ț ǩȖȉȈ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȌȍȜȍȒȚȖȊ ǪȣșȖȒȖȋȖ
ȘȖșȚȈ Ȋ ȔȍȘț ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ —
țȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ — Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȒțȓȈȒȈ șȊȈȓȐȚȤ ȉȣȒȈ ș ȕȖȋ Ȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧȝ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȗȐȕȈȝ ȕȍ
ȘȈȏ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ǪȘȖȊȍȕȤ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔ
ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ǩȖȉȈ Ǯȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȕțȡȐȑșȧ
— ǿȚȖ ǩȖȉ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȖșȍȌȐ Ȑ
ȒțȗȞȣ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȈ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȥȚȈ șȐȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ ȈȓȟȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔ Ȑ Ȑȝ
ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȦ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ǩȖȉ ȚȈȔ, Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ"
— ǵț"
— ǶȕȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ©ǪȈȠȐ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȔȐ-
șȚȍȘ ǩȐȓȤ ǸȈȏ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ Ȟȍȕȍ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȣȟț».
— ǿȚȖ" — ǩȖȉ ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ —
ǿȚȖ" ǶȕȐ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ? ǹȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
— ǶȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǩȖȉ ǶȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓȐ
ȕȈȔ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ — ǩȐȓȤ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȓ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȖ Ƞȍ-
ȗȖȚȈ, — ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȚ Ȗ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȐ
— Ƕ ȊȖșș — ǩȖȉ ȗȖȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȓ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȗȓȍȚȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȍ-
șȓȈ — ȅȑ Țȣ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȣ
ǵȈ ȏȖȊ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȕȍȋȘ

41
— dzȖȠȈȌȤ — ȗȘȖȘȍȊȍȓ ȍȔț ǩȖȉ — dzȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ șȖȘȊȈȓ șȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȉȐȟ
Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ
— DzțȌȈ ǩȖȉ" — ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȔț ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț ǩȐȓȤ
— ǵȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȧ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȍșȓȐ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ
ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍȚ ȊȌȊȖȍ
III
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȖȚȊȍșȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȚȘȖ-
ȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȘȖȌȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȘȖșȠȐȍ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ
șȚȍȉȓȐ șȈȝȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȈȌȈȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ǹ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖȑ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȊȖȐȝ
ȒȖȘȏȐȕ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȕȖȎȈ șȘȍȏȈȧ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒț șȚȍȉȓȍȑ șȘȈȏț
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ ȕȍ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȖȗȚȈȕȕțȦ ȔȍȎ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȍȎț ǹȚȖȐȚ ȍȔț ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȍȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȏȖȘȈ ȒȈȒ șȗȐȕȣ ȘȈȏȋȐȉȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȕȖȎȐ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȐ-
ȗȍȊȠȈȧ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ǵȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐ-
ȒȐ — ȕȈȘȖȌ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ Ȑ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț
ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȊȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȝ ȕȈȌȏȖȘț ȓȦȌȍȑ ǶȕȐ
șȟȐȚȈȦȚ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ ǵȍȋȘ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ǵȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ ©ȓȍȕȐȊȣȍ șȒȖ-
ȚȐȕȣª ǵȍȋȘȣ ȌțȔȈȦȚ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǶȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȖ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ
ȖȕȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȝȘȈȉȘȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȚ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ
Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȓȍșȈ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȊȐșȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȒȈ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ
ȚȘțȌ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ
ǵȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ ȕȍ șȚȈȕțȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǶȕȐ țșȔȍȝȕțȚșȧ ȊȣȘțȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȧȚ
— DzȚȖ Ȏ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ țȠȐ Țȧȕțȓ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȔȖȘȌȈ" Ǻȣ ȗȖȠȍȓ

42
șȦȌȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ǻȣ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓ
ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ" DzȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓ" ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȘ ȌȈȎȍ
ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȋ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕț Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȓ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚȤșȧ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ ȉțȕȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȔ Ȑ șțȕțȓȐ ȍȔț Ȋ
ȘțȒț ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉțȔȈȋț ǵȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ șȊȖȐ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ
ȎȐȏȕȤ" Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȐȓȐ ȊȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȏȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȓțȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȧ ǰȓȐ ȓȈșȒȈȔȐ țȋȘȖ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȔȈȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ț ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȍȡȍ
ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ ȟȈȠț ȘȈȉșȒȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǩȍȓȣȑ — țȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȕȈȑȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȉȖȟțȦ șȐȓț
Ǵȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓȐ Ȗ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȍ ǬȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈ-
ȞȐȧȝ ǩȖȉȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ Ȉ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋȣ ȔȖ-
ȋȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ ǬȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȋȕțȓȐ șȊȖȐ șȗȐȕȣ ț ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȗȓȍȚȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȏȐȕ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊȏȊȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȈȔȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȌȊȖȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȒȓȈȓȐ
ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ǶȉȢȍȝȈȚȤ ȘȧȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȌȖ-
ȉȣȟț ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȕț-
ȟȐȚȤ ȉțȑȊȖȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ șȚȖȧȚ" ǰ ȉțȑȊȖȓȣ
ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ ȔțȟȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȍȋȘȣ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȧȕȣȍ
ǵȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșȗȈȘȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ
ȗȖȓțȌȘȍȔȈȓ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȗȖȊȖȌȤȧ ȕȖ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȖ șȎȈȊ ȝȓȣșȚ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȋȘțȉȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ țȝȊȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȓțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȚȤ
Ȑȏ șȍȌȓȈ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ" ǿȍȋȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ǩȤȦȚȐ"
ǰ, șȚȘȧȝȕțȊ ȌȘȍȔȖȚț ǩȖȉ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋț șȚȖȐȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ
ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȊȠȐȑ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ Țȣ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ"
©ǵȍȋȖȌȧȑª ȔȖȓȟȈȓ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ ȕȈ ǩȖȉȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȐșȗțȋȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȠȤ ȔȍȘȏȈȊȍȞ"
©ǴȍȘȏȈȊȍȞª ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȓȈȟțȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ.

43
— ǷȖȌȐ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ǷȖȌȐ șȦȌȈ
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ©ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈª ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ȚȖ ǩȖȉ șȈȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȍ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȠȍȦ ȒȈȒ ȝȊȈȚȈȦȚ ȡȍȕȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ Ȋ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȔȍȚȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ ȝȓȈȌ-
ȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȖȑ ȝȓȣșȚȈ ǵȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ ȏȈȉȐȓșȧ
Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ DzȘȐȒ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȘȈȏȖȏȓȐȓ ǩȖȉȈ țȌȈȘȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȝȈȘȕȣȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȖȘȖȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȞȍȕȚȖȊ
IV
ǵȍȋȘ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧȝ
ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȖ
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȉȖȊȡȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗȤȧȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȐ ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȗȐșȐ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȖȒțȕțȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘ-
ȡȐȒ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȝ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȝȓȣșȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȌȖȘȖȋȍ
Ǫ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ,
ȟȚȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ DzȈȗȠȚȈȌȚȍ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ ȒȐȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ǩȐȕȋȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ țȏȕȈȓ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ,
ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȝ țȠȍȑ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȐȓ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȒȈ
Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ, șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȐ,
ȘȍȏȈȓ ȝȘțșȚȧȡȐȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ǩȐȕȋȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋ-
ȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț DzȘȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧȝ ȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ Dz
ȕȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ
ȈȒȒȖȔȗȈȕȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȓȣȠȈȓ

44
ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ șȔȐȘȧȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ ȊȖȓȕț ȋȕȍȊȈ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȒȘȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȎȈȓȒȐȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȌȍȚșȒȐ-
ȔȖȓȧȡȐȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖ-ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȓ
Ƕȕ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȊȣȍ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȓȖȔȈȧ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț
ș ǩȖȉȖȔ
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍȋȘȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ ș ȗȍȘȍȒȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȋȣȗțș-
ȚȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
ǵȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȖȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȧ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȉ ǩȖȉ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȍ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț
ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
©ǷȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȚ Ȗ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȐª — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȈ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȈ
V
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ țȍȏȎȈȊȠȍȔț ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȦ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȝȓȣșȚȈ ǭȋȖ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȕȖȔ ȗȓȍȟȍ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ" DzȖȎȈ ȌȈ ȒȖșȚȐ ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕțȦ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȕȕȦȦ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ǹ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȐțȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȗȖȉȖȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐ-
ȕȍȕȐȦ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈșȚȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȘȈȉșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȚșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ țȋȕȍȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȕȍ ȏȘȧ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȕȈȉȐ-
ȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǻ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ț Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ — Ȋ ȌȍȚȧȝ ǷȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȤ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȥȚȖ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ
ǷȖȒȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȌțȔȈȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ țșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȗȓȍȟȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈ-
ȡț ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȍȔț ȊȐȌȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕ-

45
ȕȈȧ ǩȐȕȋȐ ț ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȉ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȕ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐ-
ȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ Ȓ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔȍșȚț
ǵȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ ǸȐȉȉ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ
ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȗ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȒȓȧȓșȧ
ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȚȘȖȋț ǰ,
țȊȐȌȍȊ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȈ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ
ȚȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
ȍȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȦ ȋȘȖȏȧȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ
— ǩȐȕȋȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔȈșșȈ ǸȐȉȉ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȐ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȍ
ǸȐȉȉ ȍȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ ǷȘȍȌȊȒțȠȈȧ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊț Ȗȕ ȚȐȝȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ-
ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȘȈȓșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȊ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȝȓȣșȚ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ șȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘțȎȐȕȈ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ
ȏȈȌȈșȚ ȥȚȖȔț ȟȍȘȕȖȔț ȕȍȋȖȌȧȦ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ ǸȐȉȉ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ ǶȕȐ
ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȖșȚ-
Șȣȍ ȋȊȖȏȌȐ ȊȖȕȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȖȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ
ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȊ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ șȣȗȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ țȌȈȘȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȐȟȈ
VI
ǰȏȌȈȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȓ
ȗȟȍȓȐȕȣȍ țȓȤȧ ǵȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȍ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ — ȥȚȐ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȔȈ-
ȏȈȕȒȐ ș ȓȐșȚȊȧȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȓȍȑ Ȑ ȌȣȘȖȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓ-
ȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ — ȔȈȓȖ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ țȓȤȍȊ ǬȈȎȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȖșȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȖȋȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ șȊȖȦ șȗȐȕț ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȓȐȠȕȧȧ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤ ǹȖȋȉȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȏȒȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȝȐȎȐȕ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ

46
șȊȈȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȣ-
ȗȈȦȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ
ǹȖȕ — ȥȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
ȖȚȌȣȝȈ Ǫ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș
ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ țȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț
ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ǷȘȐȌȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȐȊ ȟȍȘșȚȊȖȑ ȔȈȐșȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȖȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȗȈȚȤ șȗȈȚȤ-
șȗȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ț ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚȖȘȖȗ-
ȓȐȊȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȋțȚ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȐȎȐȕȈȔ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȣȘȧȦȚ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȓȍșȈ ȚȧȕȍȚ
ȏȈȗȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ
ǷȖșȍȓȖȒ ǬȎțȉȉȈ, ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ǩȖ-
ȉȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȝ ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȊ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȔ Ƕȕ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚ-
ȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǵȈ ǩȖȉȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǬȎțȉȉȍ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ǩȖȉ ȐȔȍȓ șȊȖȐ
șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȈȒȚȐȒȖȊȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȘȔȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
ȋȈȓ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȓȐȠȕȐȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȏȈȘȔȈ —
ȔȍșȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȍșȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ǫ
ȒȈȏȈȘȔȍ — Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȖȉȡȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ șȉȓȐȎȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȓȍȔȍȕ Ǫ ȗȖșȍȓ-
Ȓȍ — ȌȍȓȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ ȌȖ ȚȖȕȒȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȈȧ
ǩȖȉȖȔ șȐșȚȍȔȈ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ șȊȖȐ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ Ȑȝ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȟȍȋȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȘȈȕȍȍ șȘȖȒȈ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈșȓț-
ȎȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțȚȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȓȍȗșȚȊȈ ǰ Ȋ ȗȖșȍȓ-
Ȓȍ ǬȎțȉȉȈ ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȉ-
ȓȈȏȕȧȓȈ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȈ ȐȔȍȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȊȏȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȘțȌ ȕȈȌȏȖȘȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǶȕȐ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȣ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȐȋȘȈ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ
ȌȍȓȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǩȖȉț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ Ȋ șțȡȐȑ ȈȌ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȑ șȖȋȓȧȌȈȚȈȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ
ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈ-

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ȏȖȔț ȟȍȘȚț
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ
ȍȋȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ǹȈȔȈ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȈ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȍ-
Ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘțȗȗ ǽȐȎȐȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ ȖȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ
ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȓȍșȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ șȓțȟȈȍȊ șȖșȍȌ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȖșȍȌț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȚ ȉțȌȍȚ
țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȎȈȎȌȣ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȚȈȒȖȊȣ Ƕ ȕȍȚ
ǻ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ Ȑ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǵȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȌȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȐȔȍȦȚ țȠȐ,
ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒțșȚȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ șȖȋȓȧȌȈȚȈȑ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȓȧ
ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȊȣȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȌȘțȎȉȈ ȊșȧȒȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ
ȖȗȈșȕȣ dzțȟȠȍ ȎȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ țȔȖȔ ȓțȟȠȍ șȈȔȖȔț Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȌȘțȎȈȚ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȘȧȌ ȝȐȎȐȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ, —
ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍțȦȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ
— ǩȐȕȋȐ — țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȌȖ
ȗȖȘȖȋȈ — ǩȐȕȋȐ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ț șȈȔȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȒȈ șȗȈșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȕȍȔ Ƕȕ
ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȒȈ ȏȖȊțȚ ǩȈȚț
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ǩȈȚț" — ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȈ-
ȌȐȓ șȔȍȠȕțȦ ȒțȘȟȈȊțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ" — ȏȈȝȕȣȒȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ —ǩȐȕ-
ȋȐ ȗțșȚȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ" ǩȈȚț ȚȈȒ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ țȉȤȦȚ
ǩȈȚț Ȗ ǩȐȕȋȐ
— ǪȖȑȌȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ — ǪȖȑȌȐ ǩȐȕ-
ȋȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ
ǷȘȖȑȌțȚ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț șȚȈȕȍȚ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȕȍȋȘȖȔ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ
șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȣȚȒȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț ȌȖȎȐȊȍȚ
ȌȖ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȑ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȕȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȒȈȔ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȎȈȓȒȖȋȖ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȐȏȔț-
ȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȖȧȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț
țȔȘȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ

48
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȌțȠȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȖ-
ȟȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȚ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȉȘȖȋȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȚȈȒțȦ
ȟțȌȕțȦ șȒȈȏȒț Ȗ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȍȔ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ǩȈȚț
ǫȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ Ȉ Ȋ
ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ ȓȈșȒȖȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȊȠȐȑ ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ǩȈȚț ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȊȖȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǭșȓȐ ț ǩȈȚț ȉțȌțȚ ȌȍȚȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ
ȚȐȝȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ ȐȔ
ȥȚȖ ȐȔȧ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚ Ȑȝ ȏȈțȟȐȚȤ ȕȈȐȏțșȚȤ șȒȈȏȒț Ȗ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȖȊțȚ — dzȍȕȐȕ
ǩȈȚț ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȏȒȈ Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏȓȣȍ Ȑ ț Ȋșȍȝ ț
ȕȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȗȈȓȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȤȦȚ Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȚ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȉȘȈȚȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȚ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȘȈȊȕȣȔȐ șȍȉȍ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȌ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ ǩȈȚț
ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ șȒȈȏȒȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ș ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȖȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȖȑ ȖȉȐȌȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȖȓȖȊȈ
ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ țȑȌțȚ țșȚțȗȐȊ ȔȍșȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ǩȈȚț ȊȖ șȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș ȕȐȔ
Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚ ȕȈ
ǩȈȚț șȊȖȑ ȝȓȣșȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ — dz ȍ-
ȕȐȕ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǩȈȚț Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ
ȗȖȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȓȤȍȚșȧ ȏȓȖșȚȤȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȓȒȈ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȈ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȍȕȖȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȕȐ
șȈȝȈȘȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȑ ȕȐ ȓȍșȈ, ȖȉșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȝ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖșȚȍȔ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȗȈȓ Ȑ
ȊȖ șȕȍ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȖȍ
ȚȍȓȤȞȍ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȚȘȧȗȒȈȔȐ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈȘțȎț
Ǻȍȗȓȣȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȈȘȖ-
ȔȈȚȈȔȐ ȓȍșȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȌțȠȕȖ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ

49
ȔȐȕțȚ ǩȐȕȋȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȧ țșȚȈȓȣȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȒȖ-
șȚȐ ȝȘțșȚȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ șȗȧȡȍȔț ȗȖșȍȓȒț ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ț ȒȖ-
ȓȖȌȞȈ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ǺȈȈȖ
VII
Ǫ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖ șȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȔȖȋ ȗȖȝȊȈ-
șȚȈȚȤșȧ ǵȍțȌȈȟȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǰ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ-
ȎȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȔ șȖȒȖȊ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȍȘȓȖȋȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȐȟȤȍȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț
Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ
ǵȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍȝ ș ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȑ ȧȘȖșȚȤȦ Dzȓȍȡȍȑ șțȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȗȐȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȎț ȚȍȘȔȐȚȖȊ ȠțȘȠȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ
ȋȕȍȏȌȈȝ ȔȖșȒȐȚȖȊ ȖȉȓȐȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ ȘȚț
șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ǵȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ
ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȓțȟȠȍȍ Ȑ — ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ-ȒȖȔț ȚȈȔ ț șȍȉȧ — ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǩȖȉȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ
ǷȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ǩȖȉ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȓȖȝȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȔț ȕȈȊȧȏȈȓȈ
ȒȈȘȤȍȘț ȊȐșȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ǹȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș
ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȒȖȕșțȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȔȐș-
șȐȖȕȍȘșȚȊȖȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȔȐ
ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
ȚȘțȌȕȖ Ǫ DzțȒț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ǨȉșȍȕȚ ȊȐșȒȐ ȉȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȐȕ ȏȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǫ DzțȒț ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȒțȗȞȣ ȜȘȈȕȞț-
ȏȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ șȓț-
ȟȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ș ȕȍȔȞȍȔ ǵȍȔȍȞ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȑ
ȐȋȘȍ ǼȐ ȀȖȒȐȕȋ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǩȖȉ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȧȕțȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȋ ȓȖȉ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ
ǴȍȚȈȓȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊȐȕȚȐȒȖȊ

50
ǵȍȔȍȞ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" ǺȖȚ
Ȏȍ ȕȍȋȘ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȐ-
ȓȖȑ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȞȣ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȦ ȌȊțȝ-
șȖȚȜțȕȚȖȊțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ș ȚȣȓȈ.
ǷȈȘȈ ȓȍȚ ȠȈȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ǵȐȋȍȘț ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ ț ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ǵȤȧȔ-ǵȤȧȔ ȌȘȈȒȈ ș ȒȈȘȓȐȒȈȔȐ
Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ — ȕȖȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ — ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȕȤ-
ȋȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȚȖȒȖȊ
ȌȍȓȤȚȣ ǵȐȋȍȘȈ ș șȖȚȕȍȑ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȑ ș Ȓțȟȍȑ șȒȖȚȈ
ǼȈȒȚȖȘȐȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ ǩȖȔȈȧșșȐ ǸȍȒȈ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȈȧ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ șȔȐȘȕȈȧ ǷȓȍȔȧ ǵ¶ȋȈȗț — ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȘȍȒȈ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ǵ¶ȋȈȗȈȔ șȔȐȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ țȔȍȓ ȉȣȚȤ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ș ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒȈȔȐ ș
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ǫȖȉȖ ȗȘȐȕȍș țȗȈȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȦȒȐ Ƕȕ șȖȏȊȈȓ șȖȊȍȚ
ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ǵ¶ȋȈȗț
ǵȈ șȖȊȍȚȍ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȌȍȓȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟțȌȍș Ƕȕ șȕȐȔȈȓ
ȒȖȎț șȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȑȏ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ DzȈȋȍ ȘȍȒȍ
 Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ǫȖȉȖ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ǵȋȈ¶DzțȘȈ* ǯȈ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȉțș Ȑ ȏȈ ȧȡȐȒ ȊȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȈȉșȍȕȚȈ ȔȖȒțȕ-
ȌȎȐ ǵ¶ȋȈȗț ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȗȖ ȍȋȖ țȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǩȖȔȈȧșșȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ
ǺțȚ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒȐ Ȓ ǫȖȉȖ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȧȡȐȒȈȔȐ ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȖȚȖșȓȈȓ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȗȓȈȕȈȝ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ șȖȏȊȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȊȍȚ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȖ-
ȊȍȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȓșȧ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ǵȋȈ¶DzțȘȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ǵȋȈ¶-
DzțȘȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȌȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȔ.
ǴȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ȗȈȓȐ ȕȐȞ
ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ǩȖȉț ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ
* Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).

51
ȌȖȔ ǵȋȈ¶DzțȘȈ Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȣ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ
ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ș Ȑȝ ȎȍȕȈȔȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ
DzȖȓȌțȕ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ șȈȔ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ
ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȌȕȧ ǬȊȖȘȍȞ ǵȋȈ¶DzțȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ǽȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ș ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȑ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ
ǵȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ Ȗȋȕȧ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȉșȉȍș-
ȚȖȔ ȒȘȣȠȈ — ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȒȈțȟțȒȈ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ȏȈșȚȍȒȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȈ ǻȦȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕȈ ȊȈȕȕȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȌȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ.
ǵȈȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȈȕȚȍȕȕț ȘȈȌȐȖȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒȈ Ȑ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȘȈȌȐȖȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ
Ǫ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ǩȖȉȍ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȍ-
ȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȍ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș țȍȝȈȓ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȐȘȖȋȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓ ǬȈ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȣ
ǷȐȘȖȋȈ ȍȝȈȓȈ șȈȔȈ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț
Ǫ ȔȖȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ǩȖȉ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ
ȐȕȋȖȘȖȋȖȔȉȍ Ȉ ȉȍȓȣȍ — ȊȐȕȟȍșȚȍȘȈȔȐ DzȘȖȔȍ ȊȐȕȟȍșȚȍȘȖȊ
ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ.
ǩȣȓȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȣ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȚ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ Ȑ șȒȖȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș șȖȏȌȈȓ ȖȚȘȧȌ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȖȌȍȓ Ȑȝ
Ȑ șȕȈȉȌȐȓ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ǷȖșȚȘȖȐȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ
ȗȘȐ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȘȔȓȐȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ǶȕȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ
șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȚțȘțȋț ȐșȗȘȈȊ-
ȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȉȘȖȒ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȔȖȚȖȘȒȐ ș ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ǫȖ-
ȉȖ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȘțȏ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ
ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȦ Ƕȕ șȈȔ Ȋ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȐȏȓȍȕȐȓșȧ ȗȖșȚȈ-
Șȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖȝțȌȍȓ Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓȐ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ.
ǵȍȋȘȣ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ șȐȓ ȗȖȌȋȖȕȧȍȔȣȍ șȍȘȎȈȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȚțȘțȋț ǶȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȝȐȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȈ-

52
ȌȈȓȈ ș Ȑȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȣȝ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȝ ȓȐȞ
ǬȈȎȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ — ȖȝȖȚț ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȚȖȘȋț Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȗȘȖș ȕȈ șȓȖȕȖ-
ȊțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ șȚȘȈțșȖȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȤȧ Ȑ ȠȒțȘȣ ǴȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǵȋȈ¶-
DzțȘȣ Ȑ ȡȍȌȘȖ țȋȖȡȈȓ ȈȉșȍȕȚȖȔ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ Ȑ
ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ǵ’ȋȈȗț ǪȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ȗȓȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȍȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȈȒ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș șȗȖȐȓ ȈȉșȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȐșȒȐ șȚȈȘȣȝ
ȒȖȓȌțȕȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȑȏ dzȈȋȖșȈ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍ ȌȊțȝ șȍȘȎȈȕȚȖȊ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȧȡȐȒ ș ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈȔȐ ȚȈȉȈȒ șȐȋȈȘȣ
șȍȘȐȦ ȗȐȓȦȓȤ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȐȓȖ ȝȐȕȣ
ǷȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȦ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȜȐȘȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ǫșȍ șȚȈȘȖ șȒțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ
ǮțȘȕȈȓȣ Ȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ǭȊȘȖ-
ȗȍ Ȗ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ — Ȗ ȊșȍȔ ȚȖȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȗȖȟȐ-
ȚȈȓ ȕȍ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ǷȣȚȒȈ
ǬțȔȈȧ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ șȓțȋȍ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț ȓȐȒȍȘ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȓȣȓȖ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚț Ȑ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȣ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȔ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ
ǩȖȉ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȉțȚȣȓȖ-
ȟȍȒ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ șȖȘȚȈȔȐ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȊȒțșȈȔȐ
ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȊ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒțȦ șȔȍșȤ Ȑȏ șȍȔȐ ȔȈȘȖȒ Ȑ ȖȗȘȖ-
ȒȐȕțȊ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȘȦȔȒț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡțȦ ȗȖșțȌȐȕț Ȍȓȧ
ȟȍȘȗȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȌȣ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȏȍȊȕțȓ DzȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȗȕ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȚȤ șȖȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȖȚ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ șȔȍșȤ ȕȍ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑȏ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ Ȑ ȖȒțȚȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ șȐȏȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ
ǵȖ ȏȍȊȖȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȠȊȣȘȕțȊ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȐȋȈȘț Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȒȐ
ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȔ ȒȥȗșȚȍȕȖȔ
ǶȚ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ǬțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȚȈȉȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓ ȓȐȒȍ-

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Șȣ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓȐ șȐȋȈȘȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣ ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȈȦȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ǺȘțȉȒȈ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȓ șȐȋȈȘȍ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș
ȗȖȕȧȓ
ǩȖȉț ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț șȒțȟȕȖ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ
țȎȈșȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȓ ș șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ
ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ"
ǹȒțȒȐ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȐ ǹ ȓȐȝȖ-
ȘȈȌȒȖȑ Ȗȕ șȎȐȓșȧ ȏȈȒȈȘȔȓȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȝȐȕȖȑ
ǷȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȣȚȒȐ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȣȍ șȒțȒȖȑ
ȐȓȐ ȚȈȔȉȖ Ȋ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖȑ ȏȍȊȖȚȍ ȓȖȔȈȦȡȍȑ ȘȖȚ DzȓȖ-
ȕȐȚ ȒȖ șȕț ȕȖ ȕȍ șȗȐȚșȧ ǶȌȖȓȍȊȈȍȚ șȖȕȕȈȧ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȈ
ǺȈȔȉȖ — ȘȖȌ șȖȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȊȠȍȑșȧ
șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ Ȋ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ
ǹȖȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȕȍ
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȦȚ ȚȈȔȉȖ ȕȖ ȖȚ șȖȕȕȖȑ — ȋȐȉȕțȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȚȈȔȉȖ ȅȚȖ
șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȘȍȒț
ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǷȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ ȘȍȒȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȈ ȗȐȘȖȋȈ Ǫ ȗȐȘȖȋȍ șȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ǺȈȈȖ ȌȖȟȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ǵ¶ȋȈȗț — ǺȈȔȈȕȈȌȣ ǺȈȈȖ
— șȈȔȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ǺȈȈȖ ȓȦȉȐȚ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȓȦȉȐȚ șȈȔțȦ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ, ǩȐȕ-
ȋȐ șȈȔȣȑ țȔȕȣȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ Ȑ șȈȔȣȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧȝ
Ǫșȍ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȍ ǩȈȕȌȣ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ǵ¶ȋȈȗț ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȉȍȘțȚ ǩȐȕȋȐ șȊȖȐ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ȕȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ǵ¶ȋȈȗț,
Ȉ ȖȚȞȣ ǵ¶ȋȈȗț Ȑ ǵ’ȋȈȒțȘț
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǺȈȈȖ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȍȑȠȈȧ ȧșcȐ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ș ȓȐȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ
ȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȧșșȐ Ȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȗțȝȓȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ǺȈȈȖ ȕȖșȐȓȈ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖș-
ȚȖȟȒț Ȋ ȔȖȟȒȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ țȠȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȣ ț ȏȈȗȧ-
șȚȤȍȊ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ ǸȈȌȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȖȕȈ ȗțȌȘȐȓȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȑ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǯȘȈȟȒȐ ǺȈȈȖ — ș șȐȕȐȔȐ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȉȍȓȒȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȥȔȈȓȤ ǺȈȈȖ ȕȍ ȊȣșȖȒȈ ǺȈȈȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓșȚȈ ǺȈȈȖ

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ȐȏȧȡȕȈ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȓȖȊȒȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȐ-
ȘȖȋȖȑ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǰȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȏȊț-
ȒȐ ȚȈȔȚȈȔȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȒȖȊȣȑ
ȠȓȍȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȝȓȣșȚ Ȑ șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ș ȊȍȘȈȕȌȣ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ ȒȈȑȔȈȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȚȣ
ǸȍȒȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȏȈșȚȍȒȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȓȈȒȖȔ DzȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȒȊȈȒȈȓȐ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ȎȈȉȣ-ȉțȑȊȖȓȣ ȎȈȉȣ-ȒȐȕȊȈȓȣ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȐȓȐ șȚȍȘȊȧȚȕȐȒȐ
ǷȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ț ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ, ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȏȣȉȓȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȏȒȖȋȘțȌȣȝ ȗȐȘȖȋ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ Șȍȟ-
Ȓț ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȗȖȓȧȕȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȉȈȕȈȕȖȊȣȝ Ȑ ȔȈșȓȍȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ.
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȍȍ ǹȓȈȌȖ-
șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓȈ ȘȧȌ
ȟȍȘȊȐȊȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǺȈȈȖ ȚȖȎȍ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȍȍ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ ȖȚȚȍȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȈȔȐ ȋțȉ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȏțȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȝțȎȍ ȏțȉȖȊ ǺȈȈȖ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȏțȉȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ ȕȐ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ǶȕȖ
ȘȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ ǭȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ǺȈȈȖ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ǺȈȈȖ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȎȌȍȚ Ȉ ǺȈȈȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ
— ǿȍȋȖ Țȣ ȓȖȔȈȍȠȤ șȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȘȈșȖȚȒȈ" — ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌ-
ȎȍȘș ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ǺȈȈȖ — ǰȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ȌȕȍȔ" ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘș șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǺȈȈȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȊȣȠȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ
ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
— Ǩȑ ȔȈșșȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǿȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȔȈșșȣ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ — ǰ ǺȈȈȖ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȔ ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ țȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ǷȘȐ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ
țȗȘțȋȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ ȕȖȋț ǩȖȉȈ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ

55
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȉȍȓȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ Țȍȉȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ
șȊȖȍȑ ȧșșȐ ǻ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȍșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ șȓȈȌ-
ȒȐȑ Ȓȍȕȥ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȉțșȣ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ
ț șȈȔȣȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȍȑ ǩȈȕȌȈ
ǵȖ ǺȈȈȖ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȖȏȊȍȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ǩȖȉȈ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ Ȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖ-
ȌȐȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȘȖșȚ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȔțșȒțȓȈȚțȘț ǭȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȎȍșȚȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ
ȘȖșȓȐ ǵȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȗȓȍȠȤ dzȖȉ ȉȣȓ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȐȑ ǫțșȚȣȍ șȘȖșȠȐȍșȧ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍȓ-
Țȣȑ ǩȍȓȒȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȣ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȎȐȓȒȈȔȐ
dzȐȞȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȔ ǷȖȘȐșȚȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ Ȑ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȍ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȏȓȖȉȣ șȊȐșȈȦȡȐȍ ȋțȉȣ
ǹȈȔȣȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ-ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ Șț-
ȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ țȏȓȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ș ȗȖȟȍȘ-
ȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ ȏȓȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȝțȎȍ dzȐȞȖ ȉȈȋȘȖ-
ȊȍȓȖ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ ȘȚȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍȕȈ Ǩ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȘȣȎȒȈȔȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ǺȈȈȖ ǵȖ ȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȏȓȖ Ƕ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ șȍȉȧ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕ-
ȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȕȖ ǺȈȈȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǶȕȈ șȗȖȚȒȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș, ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȧ, ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǺȈȈȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȣȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ
ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
— ǴȈșșȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȍȚ ǺȈȈȖ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȍȍ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȈ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ
ǺȈȈȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ
șȍȉȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ ǩȍȓȣȑ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ƕȕ
ȍȋȖ țȉȤȍȚ Ƕȝ ǵ¶ȋȈȒțȘț dzțȟȠȍ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
șȊȖȍȔț șȖȓȕȞț
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ǺȈȈȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȝ Ƕȕ
ȝȖȚȍȓ șȗȈșȚȐ șȊȖȦ ȧșșȐ

56
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȖȚȓțȗȐȚ
șȚȍȒȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȊȈȕȈ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ țȊȍȌȍȚ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ țșȚȘȖȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ǭșȓȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȉȍȎȐȚ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȠȓȍȚ ȏȈ ȊȖȎȌȍȔ Ȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ
ȊȐșȒȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ǺȈȈȖ
— ǰȌȐ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ȑ Țȣ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ǺȈȈȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊțȦ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ ș ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȚȣȔ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ ǩȐȕȋȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
șȎȐȔȈȧ ȒțȓȈȒȐ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ Ȋȣ-
ȗȈȌ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț ǺȖȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ǩȐȕȋȐ șȊȖȑ ȝȓȣșȚ ǵȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȗȐȕț ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǻȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȊȣȗȈȌ ȖȒȘȣȓȐȓ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ƕȕ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘ-
șț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȓȖȊȒȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȑ ȊȣȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȝȓȣșȚ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȉțȘȣ ȒȖȓȤȚ ȕȖ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȣȑ ȒțȓȈȒ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȒȖȒȖș ȊȣȉȐȓ Ȑȏ
ȍȋȖ ȘțȒ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕțȦ ȗțȠȒț șȒȘȖȔȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕțȦ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍ-
ȘȖȔǩȐȕȋȐ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȝȓȣșȚ Ȑ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ șȚȘȍȔȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȈȚȈȒȖȊȈȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȍ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȖȒșȍȘșȒȐȝ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȝ DzȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȉȖȒșȈ
Ȗȕ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȉȍȌț
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȒȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȐȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ șȒȘȐȗ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ǵȍ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȗȓȦȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ
ȗȈȘț șȊȖȐȝ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȟȐ ȉȖȒșȈ
ǵȖ Ȑ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș Ȋ ȔȍȚȘȖȗȖȓȐȐ ȗȖȌȊȐȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘȐȕȋȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȈȘț ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ, ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȕȖȔ ȉȖȦ țȌȈ-
ȘȖȊ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȉȖȑ ș ȕȍȋȘȖȔ — ȉȖȑ" ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȌȘȈȒȈ ǭȔț
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț Ƕȕ
șȈȔ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȟȍȘȕțȦ șȖȉȈȒț ǫȕȍȊ ȉȖȓȤ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȈȏȈȘȚ
ȏȈȓȐȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ Ǩ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȈȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȓ

57
ȍȋȖ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ Ȑ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ țȌȈȘȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȓȤ ǺȈȈȖ ȗȘȐȎȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȚȊȖȓț ȗȈȓȤȔȣ Ȑ șȖ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȧ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȍȘțȡȐȝșȧ ǭȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȚȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȚȍȘȧȓ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǪȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȣȗȈȌ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ǩȖȉȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȤȍ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȒțȓȈȒ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȈȕȖșȐȚ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț șȖȒȘțȠȈȦȡȐȑ
ȕȖȒȈțȚ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȖȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȓȍȚȐȚ
ǵȈȗȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ƕȕ
ȕȈșȚȐȋȈȍȚ șȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ
șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȈȧ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ ǺȈȈȖ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȓ ȍȋȖ Țȍȓț ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ șȘȣȊȈȍȚ
ș șȍȉȧ ȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ǺȈȈȖ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȍȍ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȝȓȣșȚ Ȑ,
ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȊ Ȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ Ȑ ȉȍșșȖȏ-
ȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǾȍȗȤ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ƕȕ
ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ țȗȐȊȈȓșȧ ȘȈșȖȊȖȑ ȔȍșȚȤȦ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔșȚȐȓ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔȖȋȐȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȖȉȐȌț Ȗȕ ȔșȚȐȓ ȏȈ
șȊȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȓȦ-
ȌȍȑǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȉȖȐȡȍ ǵȖ
ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ ȗȘȍȌȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȐȓ ȐșȝȖȌ ȌȍȓȈ
ǽȘȐȗ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠțȦ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǺȈȈȖ Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ǪșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǩȐȕȋȐ ǺȈȈȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȐșȓȈ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȕȖȍ
ȖȚ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȊ ǺȈȈȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȑ
Țȍȗȓȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ ǺȈȈȖ ȖȘȖșȐȊȠȐȍ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ

58
— ǩȍȎȐȔ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȉȍȎȐȔ ǩȍȎȐȔ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǺȈȈȖ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ Ȓ șȐȓȍ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȑ
țȎȈșȈ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉț ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ Ȉ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — Ȑ ȍȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ǩȍȓȣȍ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ǩȍȓȣȍ
Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ƕȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǺȈȈȖ Ȑ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȚțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǻȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȊȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
ǷȍȘȍȔȖȋȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȐȋȘțȠȒț dzȍȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȈȘȈȓȐ-
ȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ Ȉ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȑȏ
ȗȧȚȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȘȐ
ǰ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȕȈȎȈȓ șȖȉȈȟȒț
ǹțȝȖȑ ȏȊțȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȑ ǺȈȈȖ ȗȖȊȐșȓȈ ȕȈ ȘțȒȍ ǩȐȕȋȐ
Ƿțȓȧ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȗȐȕț Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț Ȑ ȌȖȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ǺȈȈȖ ȖȉȓȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȗȖȊȐșȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ
ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
VIII
ǴȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȗȖȚȈșȖȊȒȈ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȓțȕȕȣȝ ȐȌȐȓȓȐȑ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȉ-
ȘȖȔț șȍȘȎȈȕȚț ǸȐȉȉț ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ƕȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ș ȌȊțȔȧ șȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȊȍșȍȓȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȦ
ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȚ-
ȘȖȕȈ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ǸȐȉȉ ȗȍȘȍȚȈȡȐȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ Ȓ
ȗȐȘȖȋȍ Ȉ ȌȖȔȈ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȏȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȕȚȖȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍ-
Ȕȣȓ ȘȈȏȌȍȓ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȏȈșȕțȓ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ ǸȐȉȉ? — ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȌȍȓȈȧ
ȗȖȗȣȚȒț ȊșȚȈȚȤ — ǵȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȖșȕȈșȚȒț ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖȑ"

59
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȧșȤ ȉȍșȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȕȖ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȐȉȉț Ȗ ȌȘȈȒȍ ǸȍȠȐȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș
Ȏȍ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊț ȕȈȌ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȍȔ
ǸȐȉȉ ȗȖȔȖȋ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȏȈ ȕȖȟȤ
ȖȚȖșȗȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȘȍȗ ǷȘȐȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȓ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ ȚțȘțȋț șȚȖȧȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ȅȑ Ȋȣ ȡȍȕȧȚȈ ǵ¶ȋȈȒțȘț ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ǺțȘțȋț ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȕȖșȣ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȐ? ǰȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖȚ-
ȘȍȔȖȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȊȈȠȐ ȗȓȍȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ".
ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș Ȋȏȧȓ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȋȘȈ ǺȖȚ țȗȈȓ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȚȤșȧ
— ǹȚȖȑȚȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ ǩȖȉ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș — ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȚȘȖȕȍȚșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȚȖ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ǩ
ȕț-ȒȈ ǸȐȉȉ ȌȖșȚȈȊȤ șȦȌȈ ȊȖȕ Țț ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȊȖȉȓț ǷȘȐȊȍȌȐ ǩȐȕ-
ȋȐ ȟȍȘȚ
— ǴȈșșȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș — ȏȈȗȐȕȈȧșȤ, ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȍȋȘ — ǩȐȕȋȐ
ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ǴȍȕȍȌȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȔȈșșȈ șȈȔȈ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȏȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ —
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ șȊȈȘȐȠȤ ȒȈȠȐ
— dzȈȌȕȖ — ȔȈȝȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȘțȒȖȑ ǸȐȉȉț — țȊȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȚ șȒȖȚ
ǻ ǩȖȉȈ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ șȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȑ Ƕȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț dzȈȋȖș
— ǨȓȓȖ ȒȥȗȚȍȕ ǫȘȍȜȍ" ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ș ȔȖȍȑ
ȠȈȑȒȖȑ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȏȈȊȞȈ
— ǨȓȓȖ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǴȖȎȕȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ Ǵȣ
ȌȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȔ ȕȈȠ ȌȎȖȒȍȘ ǪȈȔ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ, ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȒȚȖ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓ
— ǿȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ, ȒȥȗȚȍȕ ǫȘȍȜȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȓȖ ȝțȌȖ Ȑ ȊȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȌȎȖȒȍȘȈ ǶȉȍșȗȍȟȤȚȍ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȗȈȘȚȕȍ-
ȘȈȔ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠ — ȎȈȘȍȕȣȝ ȠȐȠȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȒȍ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȕȈ ǩȖȉ ț ȊȈș ȝȔțȘȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ
— DzȥȗȚȍȕ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȕȖ ț ȊȈș șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȏȈșȍȓȐ
ȜțȘț ǷȓȦȕȤȚȍ ȕȈ ȌȎȖȒȍȘ ȗȖȠȓȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚȧȔ Ȑ ȎȈȘȤȚȍ

60
șȦȌȈ ȇ ȊȈȔ țșȚȘȖȦ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȌȍșȍȘȚ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȒ
— Ƕȓȓ-ȘȈȑȚ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș, Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȣȠȍ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȐ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșȈ
ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȍ ȌȕȖ ȉȘȖȌȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȘ ȒȖ-
ȗȣȚȀȍșȚȤ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ Ȋ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȒȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȠȓȍȔȈȝ șȍȘȣȝ ȉȘȐȌȎȈȝ șȍȘȣȝ ȘțȉȈȠȒȈȝ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ
ȒȘȈȋȈȝ ș ȒȖȓȤȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȧșȈȝ
Ǫșȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȒțȘȐȓȐ
ȚȘțȉȒȐ
ǷȍȘȍȉȐȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȑ ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǸȐȉ-
ȉȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ Ȑ ș ȋȘȍȝȖȔ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ țȔȖșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ
șȍȌȓȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȓȍȚ -
ȔȐ.
— ǷȓȖȝȖ ȒȥȗȚȍȕ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕ"
— ǭșȚȤ ȔȈȓȖșȚȤ, șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȈȝ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ Ǭȍ-
ȓȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȍȊȟȖȕȒȐ
— ǭșȚȤ ǶȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔșȧ Ǵȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȖțș Ȑȏ
ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋȖȊ Ȓ ȎȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈȔ Ȉ ȊȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȠȚȈȚ
ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȍșȍȘȚ
IX
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǸȈȕȈ ǺȈȈȖ
ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ǪȣșȚȘȍȓ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ. ǰȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ
ȠȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ǺȈȈȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȓȈ țȎȈșȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȌ-
Ƞȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ țȎȍ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȔȚȈȔȣ ȒțȌȈȝȚȈȓȐ Ȓț-
Șȣ ǸȈȏȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȘȍȉȧȚȐȠȍȒ
DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ țȎȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȖ
ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ ǺȘȐ ȕȍȋȘȈ
ȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȧȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ

61
ǪȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȝȐȎȐȕț Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓ ȌȊțȝ Ȑ ȌȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ Țȣ ȇȉȈȌȈ
— ǩȐȕȋȐ șȗȈșȈȑșȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȀȍșȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ
Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǵ’ȋȈȒțȘț ȒȈȒ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȍ ȕȍșțȚ-
șȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚțȘțȋț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȐȌțȚ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ
Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȔȖȏȋȖȊ șȖțș Ȓ ȎȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȋț-
șȍȕȐȞȈȔ
ǺȈȈȖ ȏȈȝȘȐȗȍȓȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ǵȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ș ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ
ǺȈȔȈȕȈȌȣ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ș ȓțȟȠȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ
ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ Ǫȣ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚȍ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȚȕȍșȍȚȍ Ȓ dzȥȚȚȍȘȍ Ȓ ǹȈȉȈȕȋȐ.
ǵȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȍ țȕȍșȓȐ ǺȈȈȖ ȎȐȊȖȑ ǶȕȈ, ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
ȀțȔ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȘȖș ǬȍȘȍȊȕȧ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȐȏȉȐȓ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ
— ȇ șȒȘȖȦșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȏȈ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤȦ ǺȈȔ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȉ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍșȚȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍȋȘȈȔ — ǰȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȉ ǺȈȈȖ ȖȚȕȍ-
șȐȚȍ Ȓ ǺȈȔȈȕȈȌȍ Ȑ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȍȔț ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȍȍ
șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȋȐȒȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ
— ǶȕȐ — ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ǪȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ Ȑȏ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ǵȍȋȘȣ ș ǺȈȈȖ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȊȍȘ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ Ȓ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȈȉȈȕȋȐ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ
ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȖ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȘȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȋȐȒȈȕȤȧ
șȚȈȘȖȍ ȗȍșȚȘȖȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ-
ȝȓȖȉțȟȍȕ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȓȗȈȒ ș ȊȖȚȒȕțȚȣȔ ȊȊȍȘȝț șȚȘȈțșȖȊȣȔ
ȗȍȘȖȔ ǵȖȏȌȘȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȈȕȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȖșȚȤȦ ǵȈ Ƞȍȍ
— ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȈȔțȓȍȚȖȊ Ǫ ȔȖȟȒȈȝ țȠȍȑ ȚȖȎȍ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ Ȑ șȐ-
ȕȐȔ șȍȘȣȍ ȖȚ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȉȘȦȒȐ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȝțȌȣȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ
ȕȖȋȈȝ

ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ — ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ǵ’ȋȈȗț
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ ȥȚț ȊȈȎȕțȦ ȊȍșȚȤ
ǭȋȖ ȝȐȎȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ ȖȚ ȔȖȒțȕȌȎȐ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȐ ȗȣȝȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ șȒȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȍȋȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ǫ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȝ ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȐ —
Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȗȕ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ — șȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȈȉșȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȊȐșȒȐ Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓșȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȔȖȒțȕ-
ȌȎȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȐșȗȘȈȊȐȔȖȋȖ șȔțȚȤȧȕȈ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏȈȍ-
ȌțȚ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȐȎȐ-
ȕȣǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǸȐȉȉ șȓȍȏ
ș ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ ȕȍȋȘȈ Ȓ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȗ ǩȐȕȋȐ" ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȚțȚ ȕȍȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǵ¶ȋȈȒțȘț ȓȦȉȐȚ ǺȈ-
ȘȈȚȖȋȈ ȕȖ ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ǸȖȌȎȍȘșț șȓȍȏȚȤ Ǫ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ țȌȘȈȓ Ȓ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ
ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȓȖȋȖȊȐȡȍ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȍȌțȚ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȖȡț ȔȈșȓȍȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȚȖ șȔȖȋțȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȚȤ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǭșȓȐ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ ȌȖș-
ȚȖȑȕȖȍ Țȍȉȧ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ — ȗȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț.
ǪȖșȍȔȤ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȋȈȓȖȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ
Ȑ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȓ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ȐȔ ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ǵȖ ǺȈȘȈȚȖȋȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȗțȚȤ ȐȌțȡȐȑ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȘȍȏ
ǷțȚȤ ȔȈșȓȍȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓ șȓȖȕȖȊțȦ ȚȘȖȗț Ȑ ȊȖȚ
Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȋȖ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ȑȝ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ — șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȝ șȐȓ
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63
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ǯȈȉȈȊȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ — șȚȈȌȖ ȌȐȒȐȝ șȓȖȕȖȊ ǯȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȖȕȖ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤ Ȉ șȚȈȌȖ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȒȐȕȖ
ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤȦ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ țȎȍ ȊȣȉȐȓșȧ Ȑȏ
șȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ
ȠȓȈ șȊȈȓȒȈ
ǬȊȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȕȖȊȣȝ șȈȔȞȈ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȚțȒȈȓȐșȤ ȒȓȣȒȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ șȊȐȘȍȗȖȍ
țȘȟȈȕȤȍ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȔȈșșȣ Ȑ
șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȣ ȉȘȣȏȋ
ǶȌȐȕ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȓȖȕ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȍȔȐ ȚȖȎȍ
ȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ƕȕ ȏȈȉȘȍȓ șȦȌȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓ
Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȖ șȓȖȕȐȝȈȔȐ ǷȓȍȔȧ ȕȍ șȕȍșȓȖ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȐȌȟȐȒȈ
ǷȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ș ȋȈȓȖȗȈ ȕȈ
ȘȣșȤ Ȑ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȔțȠȒț șȖȉȈȒț ǩȐȕȋȐ — ȕȖ ȕȍ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ Ȉ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȕȐȚȤ — ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ
ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ
ǸȖȌȎȍȘș ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȕȖ ȗțȓȧ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ ȕȍ Ȋ ǩȐȕȋȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ƿțȓȧ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ șȈȔȞȈ țȌȐ-
ȘȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȌȈ
ǹȈȔȍȞ ȖȚ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȖȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȓ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ǪȖșȍȔȤ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ ǶȕȐ ȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț
ȏȈȓȗ ǹȓȖȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȕȍ-
șțȡȍȍșȧ ȓȖȔȈȊȠȍȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ șȚȈȌȖ ǹȓȖȕ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȚȈȌȖ — ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȓȐ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȕȈ țȏȒȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ Ƕ ȗȘȍș-
ȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȈȌț ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǬȖȓȋȖ
ȍȡȍ ȖȕȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȘȍȊ șȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȒȖȚȕȦ ȓȖȔȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖșȧ ȓȍșȈ
ǫțȉȣ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȉȍȓȍȓȐ ǵȖ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ șȗȈșȍȕ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȔȧ ǹȈȉȈȕȋȐ ȐȓȐ

Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȔȍșȚȐ ǹȓȖ-
ȕȣ șȗȈșȓȐ ȍȋȖ
DzȘțȗȕȣȑ ȓȍș ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȉȈȔȉțȒ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȐșȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ ǷȖșȓȍ -ȚȐ ȔȐȓȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȋȈ ȗȖȌ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȣȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȈȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȍșȒȍ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ Ȋ ȏȍȕȐȚȍ Ȑ c ȔȖȘȧ Țȧȕțȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȉȘȐȏ ǵȍ-
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈȓȈȧȓȈ șȖȉȈȒȈ ǶȚȒțȌȈ șȖȉȈȒȈ" ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȓ
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȐȓȐȊ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ
ǹȖȉȈȟȐȑ ȓȈȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȈȔȉțȒ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ
ȚȐȝȖȔț ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț Ǫ ȗȍșȒȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕțȦ
ȗȘȐȓȐȊȖȔ ȠȓȦȗȒț ǵȈ ȠȓȦȗȒȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ǩȐȕȋȐ
țȔȍȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȕȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȒȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ Ƕȕ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ
ǰȏ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȝțȌȈȧ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȐȓȧȓȈ ȖȉȘțȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ǩȐȕ-
ȋȐ Ǫ ȠȓȦȗȒȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǵȍȚ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
șȊȧȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ǹ ȕȍȋȖ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ
ȝȖȚȍȓ țȑȚȐ ǹȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌ
ȕȖȋȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȖ ȗțșȒȈȓȈ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǩȐȕȋȐ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ
șȕȧȓ ș ȗȖȧșȈ Ȝȓȧȋț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓ Ȝȓȧȋț ȒȖ ȘȚț ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȘțȉȈȠȒȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȊȈ ȏȕȈȟȒȈ Ȑ ȜȓȧȎȒȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ǩȐȕȋȐ
ǩȐȕȋȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȐ
ȘȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȥȚț țȓȣȉȒț ȥȚȖȚ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ

65
DZǹǮǰǮ ȀǾdzȀȊȍ
ȖșȖ ȟȠȜ ȟȓȚțȎȒȤȎȠȎȭ ȔȓțȎ
I
— ǻȉȍȘȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ȓȍȕȐȊȈȧ șȒȖȚȐȕȈ ǰȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȉȖȐȚșȧ"
— Ǩ Țȣ ȉȣ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ȕȍ ȊȣȗȐșȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ǴȍșȚȕȈȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȜȖȘ-
ȌȣȉȈȟȐȚȤșȧ
ǪȍȘȉȓȦȌ ȕȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȉȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȔȖȑ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ
Ȋ ȞȐȘȒȍ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ, ȘȈȊȕȖ-
ȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖșȐȓșȧ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȜȖȘȚȍȓȧ Ȋ Ȗȋ-
ȓȖȉȓȧȝ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒțȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖ-
Șȧ — ȕȍ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǴȖșȒȊȣ Ȉ ȍȋȖ șȉȘțȦ,
ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ, ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖ-ȘȖșȒȖȠȕțȦ
șȉȘțȦ ǶȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȘȌț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȍ țȌȐȓȈ, Ȑ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȔ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȊȖȌȤȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȈȝ șȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȒȐșȚȐ șȊȐșȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȔȖȘȌț Ȑ ȠȍȦ ȖȌȕȖȋȖȘȉȖȋȖ țȘȖȌȈ ǷȓȖȡȈȌȖȟȒȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȍ
ȉȣȓȈ țȒȘȣȚȈ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȔ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ Ȉ ȘȍȔȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȘȍȗȓȧȊȠȐȍ ȍȍ Ȓ ȋȖȘȉț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ
ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ ș ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȈ.
DzȖșȚȦȔ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș ȟȈȓȔȣ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ
ȉȍȓȣȔ ȉțȘȕțșȖȔ ȉȣȓ șȠȐȚ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ǫșȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȊȣȍȏȌȈ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ
ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ
— ǿȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚȍ

66
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒțȟȍȘȈ
— DzȖȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖȘȉȣȑ țȘȖȌ" — ȖȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȒțȟȍȘ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒȈ
ǷȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȍ ȉȓȍȡțȡȐȑ ȕȖȊȐȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț ȟȤȍ ȐȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȏȈ ȊȍȘȉȓȦ-
ȌȈ
— ǵȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȏȖȊțȚ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ
ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ ȗȖȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ ǹ ǵȈȓȐ-
ȕȈȒȠȍȑ ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȒțȗȞȖȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȓȈ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȓ ȊȣȋȖȌȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ
ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚȈ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȓțȟȠȍ ȐȏȉȍȋȕțȚȤ șșȖȘȣ ș ȊȍȘȉȓȦ-
ȌȖȔ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȖȘȈ
— ǩȘȖșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ șȊȖȍȔț ȒțȟȍȘț ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ șȗȖȘ — ǩȘȖșȤ, ȧ ȗȖȑȌț ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
ǵȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒț
ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ țȓȐȞȣ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ șȘȈ-
ȏț ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȦ ǰ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȊȍȘȉ-
ȓȦȌ ȖȉȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ș Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȍȚȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț DzȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȟ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȦȝȖ ȊȍȘ-
ȉȓȦȌȈ Ȑ șȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ
II
ǹȢȍȏȌ ȕȈ ȘȈțȚ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ ǹǹǹǸ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȈȘȍ
ǻ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȣȝ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǵȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — șȈȔȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȥȚȖ — ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȟȍȒț șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ șȊȖȐȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȌȍȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ șȖ-
ȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ
Ȗȉ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȋȖȡȈȚȤ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȟȕȖ ș ȗțșȚȣȔȐ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȘțȌȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖ-

67
Ȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȡȍȗȍȚȐȓȤȕȣ Ȋ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȝ ȋȖșȚȍ-
ȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȈ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ Ƕȕ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȋȖșȚȍȑ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ — ȏȈȓȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ Ȋ șȈȌ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȚȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȠȐȊȈȓ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȣ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȧȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȎȈȓ ȘțȒȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
ȞȍȊ Ȑ ș ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ, șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȍȋȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ
ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȎȐȘȕȣȔ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȟȈȓȔȍ Ȑ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȕȈȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘțȌȕȈȧ ȏȈ-
ȌȈȟȈ ǵȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȦȎȐȕȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȚȖȓȐ-
ȒȖȊ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȓ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȏȈȒțșȒȍ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȖȑȚȐ Ȋșȍ
șȚȖȓȣ ȗȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ, ȒȈȒȖȔț
șȚȖȓȐȒț ȔȖȎȕȖ țȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȉ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȏȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȗȧȚȐ Ǫ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ș ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȒȈȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȍșȚȐ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȕȖȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȉ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȈȘȉțȏ Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȒȖșȚȖȟȍȒ — Ȋ ȈȘȉțȏȍ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ ȔȐȘȈ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ǯȍȕȧ
Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǻ ǮȍȕȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȏȈȉȖȚ ȟȍȔ ț ȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈțȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ
ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌȈ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖȓȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ
ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ǻ ȕȐȝ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȖȌȍȎ-
Ȍȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȈ ǰȌȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ
Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȜȘȈȒ — ȖȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȍȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ țșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȓȍȕȖ Ǫ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȍ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ ȗȖșȚț-
ȗȐȓȐ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ǶȕȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȉȔȖȓȊȐȓȐșȤ — Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ-
ȚȖ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȑ ȚțȈȓȍȚ
ǪȍȟȍȘȕȐȑ ȚțȈȓȍȚ ǽȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǫ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȕȐȑ ȚțȈȓȍȚ ǮȍȕȐ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȉȘȖșȐȊ ȎȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ ȖȌȍȊȈȓȈ șȚȈȘȣȍ șȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȚțȜȓȐ Ǻȍ-

68
ȗȍȘȤ — ȌȍȓȖ ȐȕȖȍ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȘțȚȐȠȤșȧ
ǵȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȗȖȓțȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȣȍ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ șȚȖȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȋȖ Ƞȍȓ-
ȒȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȈȚȐșȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȝȈȖșȈ ȊȍȓȈ șȍȉȧ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ ȐȔȐ șȊȖȍ
ȓȐȞȖ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȓȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȦȚ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑȏ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȐ ǪȍȘȉȐȞȒȖȑ Ȉ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȘțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗț-
ȚȈȧșȤ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȠȓȍȑȜȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ
ȒȘțȎȍȊ Ȑ ȈȚȓȈșȈ ǵȍȚ ȥȚț ȌȘȧȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȕȍȚ
ǪȖȚ ȥȚȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȣȘȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊțȦ ȓȖ-
ȊțȠȒț Ƕ ȟȍȘȚ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȉ ȖȌȕȖ Ȍȍ-
ȒȖȓȤȚȍ ǵȈ ȒȖȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȐ ȍȑ ȥȚț ȌȘȧȕȤ? ǿȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ? Dz ȟȍȘȚț Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ǷȓȈȚȤȍ
ȏȈ ȗȓȈȚȤȍȔ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȈȐ-
ȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȕȍ șȕȐșȒȈȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ǯȍȕȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȊȈȏȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȖȏ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȗȓȈȚȤȦ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒț Ȑ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ƕȉȣȟ-
ȕȖ Ǯȍȕȧ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ș ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȋ ȌȊȈ șȟȍȚȈ ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȍȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ
șȔȖȋȓȈ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ǭȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȖȒȖȕ ǭȡȍ
ȖȌȐȕ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ Ȋ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ ȕȍ șȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȋ
ǮȍȕȐȕț ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǭȔț ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȏȈȕȧȓ ȊȖȕ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȊȈȕȈ Ȋ ȟȈȓȔȍ Ǯȍȕȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ" ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȏȕȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǮȍȕȦ ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȟȕțȦ țȔȕțȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȒȖȊțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȐȓȖȊȐȌ-
ȕțȦ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ șȖ ȊȒțșȖȔ ȖȌȍȚțȦ ǵȖ ǨpaȝȈȕ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ǯȍȕȧ-ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȓȐȠ-
ȕȦȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚȤ ȥȚț
ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȟȈșȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȍȑ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ
ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ

69
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ — ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȦ ǴȖȑ
șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ — ȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȟȍȔ
țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
III
ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȘ ǭȔț ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȔȐ-
ȕțȓȖ șȖȘȖȒ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ Țț ȗȖȘț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ
ǻ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ — ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȗȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȐȕȐȔ ȖȚȚȍȕ-
ȒȖȔ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊ ȕȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȉ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ
șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȅȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓȈ Ȋ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ǯȍȕȧ
ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȔșȧ
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ȝȓȖȗȒȖȊȖȌȖȔ ȊȘȈȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧș-
ȕȧȦȡȐȔ ȍȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȖȘȚȈ ȝȓȖȗȒȈ Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ
ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚ-
ȊȖ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȋȖȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋșȍ — ȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț țȉȍȌȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ șȓȍ-
ȌȧȡȐȍ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȚ
ȗȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔ ȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȉȖȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȘȈș-
șȍȘȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȖ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ǵȈȓȐȕȈ-
ȒȠȈ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȍȍ ȎȍșȚȖȔ șȓȍȌȐȓ țȗȖȘȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑ-
ȟȐȊȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȐȔȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȕȈȘț-
ȠȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȈ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔȈȏȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȖȕ ȚȈȔ Ȋ
țȋȓț"

70
ǨȘȈȝȈȕ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ȉ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ƞȍȓ ȗȘȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȓ șȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȚȈȔ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȔ
ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ ȈȜȋȈȕȞȍȔ ȖȌȍȚȣȔ Ȋ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȖ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ
— Ǻȣ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴțșȚȈȜȈ" — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȓșȚȍȕȤȒȖȔț
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ǿȈȕȌȍȘ
— ǷȖȕȧȓ ǸȈȖ
— Ǫșȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ǵȐ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈȖ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ
— ǰȌȐ
_______
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȓȗȘȍȌșȚ-
ȊȈ ǭȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ȗȖȌȒȈȚȐȓ ȡȍ-
ȋȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȍȓ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
ȖȚȌȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȠȖȜȍȘț Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ
ǷȘȖȍȝȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȓȐȞ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǺȖȓ-
șȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ Ȉ
ȠȖȜȍȘ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ șȚȍȕț ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȉ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Dz ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȠȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȧȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ
ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȒȈȕȈȊȖȒ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȈȖșȈ șȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȠȍȦ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ Ƞȍȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȠȒȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȑ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȗȕ ȕȐ
ȘȈȏț ȕȍ șȗȖȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț ȌȖȔȐȒț ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȊ-
ȠȍȔțșȧ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ǻ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
șȚțȟȈȓ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȒ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȚȘȖȍȒȘȈȚȕȖȔ țȌȈȘȍ

71
ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ șȚțȟȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǪȖȑȌȐ ǴțșȚȈȜȈ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȚ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌ
ǴțșȚȈȜȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȋȓȈ-
ȠȍȕȐȦ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ țȎȈșȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȏȈȗȈȝȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȏȈȎȈȚȤ ȕȖș
ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ ș ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ-ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȏȈȕȈȊȍȠȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȘȊȈȕȣȔ
ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȗȖȌȓȖȎȐȊ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȚțȔȉȖȟȒȐ ȚȧȕțȚ Ȑȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȚȘțȉȖȒ
ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȍȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȘȐȚȖȘȕȖ
șȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍȊȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ȒȐȠȔȧ ȒȐȠȈȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣ-
ȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ șțȚȖȒ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ ȗȖ Ȑȝ ȚȍȓȈȔ șȚȘțȧȚșȧ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȖȕȦȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȒțȘȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȓȍȊȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȔ ȧȌȖȔ ȐșȗȈȘȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȓț ȟȚȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȌȣȔ ȟȈȌ
Ȑ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ȓȐȞȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ
ȖȌȕȈ-ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ-ȒȖȗȚȐȓȒȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȐȋț-
Șț ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ
ȒȈȒ șȍȔȤ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȋȘȍȝȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ
șȓȍȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒȈȔȐ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȑ
Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȦ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
ǿȚȖ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȌ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȚȖȕ" ǿȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ Ȑȝ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȘȖȝȐ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȘțȉȖȒ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ" ǿȚȖ"
Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȈȌȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȚȤ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ ȧȌȈ
ǵȈȌȖ ȊșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȖȡțȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȚȍȓȈȝ ȠȘȈȔȣ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ țȌȈȘȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȖȓȐ Ȑȝ ȏȈȋȘțȉȍ-
ȓȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
Ǫ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȖȕȐȚ ȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ
ȉȍșȗȘȖșȊȍȚȕȖȍ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖșȚȤ Ǫ șȓȈȌ-

72
ȒȖȔ șȕȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ șȕȈ, ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȍȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȕȤȧȒȖȊ ȉȍș-
șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȣȝ ȊȖșșȚȈȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑȞȣ ȚȈȒ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ
ȖȚȘȈȊȣ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȐ ȟȈșȚȧȝ ǨȏȐȐ
ǴțșȚȈȜȈ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚț șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȌȣȘț ǴțșȚȈ-
ȜȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȘȈțȓȧȡȍȔț ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕț Ȑ
ȚȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȕȣȝ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ. Ǫ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȧȝ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȚȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ
ȓȐȠȕȦȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ȒțȘȍȊȈ ǸȈȌȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȘȈȌȐ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ țșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȌȈșȚ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȌȈșȚ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ
ǺȈȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȐșȒȈȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ǴțșȚȈȜȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȐ-
Ȋȍȓ ȍȔț șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓțșȓȍȗȖȑ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ Ȓț-
ȘȐȓȤȕȐ
ǹȈȕȌȐ ǸȈȋȖȘ Ȑ ǴȐȕȌȘȈ.
ǺȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǵț Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ
ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȍ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ, ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȒȐ ǻ ǹȈȕȌȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȡȍȒȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
Țȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȓȐȓȖȊȣȔȐ ȕȈȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ
ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔȐ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȖ-șȐȕȐȍ ȧȏȊȣ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȘȖșȓȐ ȗțȟȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒ Ȋ șȚȍȗȐ
Ȉ ȕȖș ȘȈȏȌțȓșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȠȒȖȑ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȊȈ-
ȚȣȔȐ ȎȐȓȒȈȔȐ ǸȈȋȖȘ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȓȉȈ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȋȘȍȝȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȉ ǴȐȕ-
ȌȘȈ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȘȈȔȖȊ ȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȑ ȍșȚ
ǴțșȚȈȜȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȐ ȋȘȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǬȍȓȖ ȍșȚȤ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǹȈȕȌȐ ȗȘȖȔȣȟȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǸȈȋȖȘ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȖȔ ȕȖșȈ Ȉ ǴȐȕ-
ȌȘȈ ȐȏȌȈȓ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ

73
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ — ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȓ ǴțșȚȈȜȈ ȕȈ
ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȔȖȕȍȚ — Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȖ ȚȖ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ"
ǺȘȖȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍ-
ȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ
— Ǩ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ǷȖȑȌȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ,
Țȣ — ȞȣȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȕȍ Ȋ ȔȍȘț ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ —ǷȖ-
ȌȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ
ǺȖȓșȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǴțșȚȈȜȣ Ȑ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȖȎȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐș-
Țȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐ
IV
ǪȍȘȝȖȊțȦ ȍȏȌț Ǯȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ Țț ȗȘȖșȚțȦ ȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȠȒȖȓț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȗ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȣȝ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȊȊȍȘȕțȚȣȝ ȕȖș-
ȒȈȝ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȌȍȘȎȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȘȚ
Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ șȉȘȖșȐȓ
Ǫ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ țȔȍȓȈ ȔȟȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕȖȑ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȧȔ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ — ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ șȒȈȒțȕȈ Ȋșȍ Țȍ ȜȖȒțșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘțȦȚ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȔȣș-
ȓȧȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈ șȔȐȘȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȡȍȕȒȐ, ȔȈȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȧȝ ǰ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȉȍȏ șȍȌȓȈ.
Ǯȍȕȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ șȍȌȓȖ — ȊȍȡȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȤ
ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ — ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȍȏȌȍ ȉȍȏ șȍȌȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȣșȐ Ǩ ȟȚȖ
ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȋȈȓȖȗȈ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȈ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ©șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝª ș
ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȧ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȐȕ-
ȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ ȖȚ șȍ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
ǶȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ, șȚȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȕȍȊȍȎȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȖ șȚȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȍȍ DzȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȊȍȘȝȖȊțȦ ȍȏȌț ȚȖȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ, ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ

74
șȚȘȍȔȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȕȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȔț ȚȘțȌȕȣȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȍȏ-
Ȍȣ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ǯȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ șȍȌȓȈ
ȊȣȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȓȖ ȍȍ — ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ
ȕȈ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȦ ǬȎȍȒȈ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ, ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ǯȍȕȧ țȌȍ-
ȓȧȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ǰ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȧșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȍ ȖȕȈ ș țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȉȘȐȌȎȐ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȓȈ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒțȦ ȘțȉȈȠȒț ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ Ȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȒȘȣ-
Țȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȧ șȚȍȚșȖȕȈ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȧȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ
ȝȘȈȔȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖ ȍȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȓȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ
ȗȖȓțȒȘȖȊȒț ǶȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȋ șȍȌȓȖ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ
ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ ȉȖȒȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ dzȖȠȈȌȤ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȠȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖȑ ȘȣșȤȦ ȕȖ ȗȍșȖȒ țȓȐȞȣ țȚȖȔȓȧȓ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȑ Ǯȍȕȧ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ
ǷȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȧ Ȓ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍ ȝțȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ț ȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǻȓȐȞȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțșȚȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ȚȦȉȍȚȍȑȒȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȉȈȠȖȕȒȍ ȒȖȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍșȒȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠ-
ȒȐ — ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚ Ȍȓȧ ȓȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȧ-
ȚȖȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȔȈȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ, șțȕțȊ ȍȔț Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȔȍȓȒțȦ
ȔȖȕȍȚț ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȕȍȚȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȔțȎșȒȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȍȔț
ȧȏȣȒȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȌȈȓ ȚȘȍȉțȍȔȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȤ ǮȍȕȐ ȋȈȓȖȗȖȔ ȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȑ ȊșȓȍȌ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ-
șȧ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ț ȠȈȑȚȈȕȖȊ ǶȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȣ-

75
ȚȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ țȌȘȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒț ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȊȐșȚȍȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȝȘȐȗȍȊȠȐȔ Ȑ ȠȐȗȍȊȠȐȔ, ȒȈȒ șȖȚȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚțȎȍȕȕȣȝ
ȋȘȈȔȔȖȜȖȕȖȊ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— DzțȌȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ"
— Dz ȝȘȈȔț ǹȖȓȕȞȈ — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȓȍ-
ȏȣ ȐșȗțȋȈ
— Dz ȝȘȈȔț ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒț ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȍ-
ȘȍțȓȖȒ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ țȍȝȈȓȈ Ǯȍȕȧ
dzȐȞȈ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȊ Ȑȝ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ,
țȎȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ǩ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ,
țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȚȖ șȘȈȏț țȏ-
ȕȈȍȠȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ǹȈȕȌȐ ǸȈȋȖȘȈ Ȑ ǴȐȕȌȘț
V
ǸȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐ ȏȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȖȔ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-
șȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȔț ǨȓȓȈȝț ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȐȑ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑȝ
țȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȈȘȤ ȟȤȐ
ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȌ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȤȐȝ
ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȘȈȔ
ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǹȖȋȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȚȈșȒȈȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ ȏȈ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȈȔȐ
ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȖȒȘȈȐȕ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ Ȑ
ȔȈȓȈȝȐȚ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȧȠȔț ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȘȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȋȖȚȖȊ ȘȈȉȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȖȑ ȊȏȉțȕȚȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ
ǩțȕȚ ȉȣȓ țșȔȐȘȍȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȣ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȉȖȋț ǹȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȘȐ ȖșȊȧ-

76
ȡȍȕȐȐ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ șȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȓȍȋȍȕ-
ȌȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȕȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȉȘȖȌȧȚ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ
ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȗ ȔȍșȚȐ
Ǫ ȌȕȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȑȕ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȚȐȝȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȘȈ-
ȔȈ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ șȉȖȘȐȡ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȑ șȒȓȈȌȖȊ
ȖȘțȎȐȧ Ǫ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȝ ȉȖȧȝ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȒȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȔȐ Ȑ țș-
ȔȐȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȗțȓȐ ȧȌȘȈ Ȑ ȌȐ-
ȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȍ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ ǶȚ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ- ȚȈȒȐ ȝȘȈȔ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȋȓȈȏ
ǸȍȌȒȐȍ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȗțȋȈȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȣȠȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈș-
șȐȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȉȈȓȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ țȏȖȘȈȔȐ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȗȈȌȈ-
ȓȐșȤ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ șȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȝȖȌȖȊ Ȋ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ
ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȈȝ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑȏ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, Țȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȗȘȖȓȐȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȘȈȉȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ
DzȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȝ ȉȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȓȤȊȖȊ-
ȗȖȓțȚȐȋȘȖȊ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȕȐȏȍ ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȣ ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȖȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȘȖșȓȐ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ Ȑ ȒȐȠȔȧ ȒȐȠȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ-
ȔȐ ȋȈȌȈȔȐ ȊȖȌȧȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȧȝ ǨȏȐȐ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȖȉȢȍȝȈȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈȓȈ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȦ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ șȖșȒȖȟȐȊ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȈ ȍȍ Ȓ ȒțșȚȈȘ-
ȕȐȒț ȊȣȉȐȊȈȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȗȓȐȚ ǹȌȍȓȈȊ ȥȚȖ
ȖȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȉȓȖȒȕȖȚ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȘȐ-
șȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȐȌ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȤ
ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȍ-
ȓȤȍȜȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȈȘȖ-
ȔȈȚȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȈ ȏȈȗȈȝȈȔȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȑ ș țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈȕȖșȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȋșȍ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏ
ǴȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȖȕȈ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȋȓțȉȤ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȝ
ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ Ȑ ȕȣȘȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȌȈ

77
ǰ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ȌȖ ȍȍ șȓțȝȈ ȌȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȘȎȈȕȤȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȘȎȈȕȤȍ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȧ ȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ș ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕȈȔȐ
ȕȈȒȐȕțȚȣȝ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȓȈȡȍȑ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ǯȍȕȧ șȐȓȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈ ȓȦȌȐ ǹȈȕȌȐ ǸȈȋȖȘ Ȑ ǴȐȕȌȘȈ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȑ
ȟȖȘȚ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȈșȤ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȍ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȔțȎșȒȖȔ ȒȖ-
șȚȦȔȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ǯȍȕȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȠȐ ȘȈșșȚțȗȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȧ ȍȑ
ȌȖȘȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȍȝȈȚȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ ǺȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ.
ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ Ǯȍȕȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ, ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȉȖȘȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍȖȚșȚțȗȕȖ
ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ Ȑȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȕȧȓȈ, ȏȈȟȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ
Ǫ ȘțȒȍ ǮȍȕȐ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ
șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȍȏȖȘțȎȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȏȈȌȐ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȍȠȖȒ
ǶȕȈ ȉȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȒțșȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȏțȉȣ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ Ȑ ȋȘțȉțȦ ȚȒȈȕȤ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȍȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȔȍȠȒȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȐȞȍ Ȉ ȍȍ ȉȈȘȈȝȚȈȕȤȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȘțȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȠȐȝ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
DzțȌȈ" — ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ
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78
VI
dzȖȠȈȌȤ ǮȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȓ ȖȉȍȌț ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǨȘȈȝȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȉ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ
ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉȍ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȊȈȚțȦ ȕȖȠț ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȔȍȠȖȒ
VII
ǪȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȊ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȝȓȖȗȒȖȊȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ǸȈȖ
ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȐ DzțȌȈ ȕȐ ȒȐȕȍȠȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȧ
Ǫ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȈ Șȍ-
ȏȐȌȍȕȞȐȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȖȚȍȕ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ
ǷȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔț ȊȐȌț ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȞȐȐ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȎȐȊȍȚ șȈȔ ǸȈȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌ-
ȒȈ ȕȈȍȏȎȈȍȚ ȔȈȓȖ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȒțȗȞȖȊ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘȍ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȘțȒȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȕ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔ
șȚȐȓȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȐȚȖ șȚȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕ ǭȋȖ Șȍȏȕȣȍ ȊȝȖȌȣ
ȒțȗȖȓȈ Ȑ ȉȈȠȍȕȒȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȍșȚȘțȦ șȔȍșȤ Ȋșȍȝ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ Ȑ ȔȍȟȍȚȍȑ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȔȈȓȖ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȊȐȓ-
ȓȣ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔȐ
ȒȖȊȘȈȔȐ Ȑ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȓȍȕȤ Ȑ șȖȕ ȚȈȝ-
ȚȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ Ȋșȍ —
ȗȖ-ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖ-ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐ Ǫ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ
ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȐ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȍ ȉȦȘȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȥȚȈȎȍȘȒȐ
Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ǶȚ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȒȖȊȘȣ ȌȈ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȒțȘȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȓȤȧȕȈ Ǫ
șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ — ȔȍȉȍȓȤ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȖȉȖȘț-

79
ȌȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȈȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ ȊȈș Ȋ ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȊȒțșȈȝ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȋȣ șțȔȍȓȐ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȣȔ ǿȈȕȌȍȘț ǸȈȖ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȠȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ
Ȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȗȈȘț-ȌȘțȋțȦ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋȣ ȉț-
ȌȍȚȍ ȋȖșȚȍȔ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕțȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȔȈȘȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȏȐȈȚ-
șȒȐȑ ȒțȗȍȞ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȍȑ,
șȖșȚȖȧȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ
ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ Ȋȣ ȏȈȓȦȉțȍȚȍșȤ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȖ
ȊȒțșȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȘțȉȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȝȊȈ-
ȓȐȚȤ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ
ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȖȉȣȟȈȧȔ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ
ȊșțȕȍȚ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȔȖȒȐȕȋȈ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȔ Ȑ
Ȓ ȖȉȍȌț — ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ — ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȜȘȈ-
Ȓȍ ǷȘȖȋȖșȚȐȊ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ
ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋȣ țȍȌȍȚȍ Ȋ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ ȠȍșȚȐȔȍșȚȕȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȍșȗȖȚȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȖșȚȦ-
ȔȖȔ Ȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ
Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȌȍșȗȖȚ ȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȊȈș Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ șȒȐȕțȓ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ
șȠȐȚȖȍ ț ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȖș-
ȒȖȠȕȣȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑ ȟȈȓȔț ǷȖȚȖȔ șȔȈȏȈȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȐȧȔȐ șȊȖȦ
ȘȖșȒȖȠȕțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȋȖ șȓțȋț Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȧ
ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ȉȕ-
ȜȐȓȈȌȣ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȏȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ș ȗȖ-
ȚȖȓȒȈ ȚȒȈȕȧȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȈȧ ȟțȋțȕȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȓțȋț Ȑ ȊȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ șȊȖȐȝ ȠȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȘ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȓȦȟ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȔ-
Ȓȍ ǯȈȔȖȒ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȓȦȉțȧșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȖȑ

80
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȓȖȎȍ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋșȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ, ȒȈȒ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ șȚȖ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȗȓȍșȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȔ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȍ
DzȖȋȖ-ȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȑ ȊȐȏȎȈȡȍȑ ȉȈ-
ȘȈȝȚȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖȏȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ș ȉȍșșȚȣȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȈȍȚ țȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ǼȘȈȕȞț-
ȎȍȕȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȒȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȒȐ Ȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǰȘȓȈȕȌȐȐ ȉȓȍșȚȍȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȈȟȐȡȍȕȕȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ, ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕȒȐ ȐȚȈ-
ȓȤȧȕȒȐ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȐȕȌȐȈȕȒȐ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȒȐ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǷȍȘșȐȐ Ȑ DzȈȊȒȈȏȈ șȊȍȚȓȖȊȖȓȖșȣȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ
ȕȖȘȊȍȎȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȔȈȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ
ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȍȓȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȍȔȈȧ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ
ȝȖȝȖȟțȡȈȧ ȊȖȏȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ ȉȘȣȏȋȈȝ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȕȐȧ ȊȖȌȣ ȅȚț ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ
Ǫȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȍȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȋȣ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȖȔ șȗȈșȠȐȔ ȍȔț ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȖșȚțȗȈ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȋȌȍ șȚȖ
ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȝȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȗ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȊȐșȚ-
ȓȐȊȣȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ, ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȖȓȕȖȑ Ȑ țȌȈȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȌȖș-
ȚȖȐȕșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȈȘȠȍȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ Ȏȍȕ
ǸȈȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ȌȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖ
ȓȦȌȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȥȚȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧ ǻ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ — ȕȍ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȤ ǺȖȊȈȘ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣȚȤ țȒȘȈȌȍȕ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȊȖȘȈȔ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ șțȔȔȣ ǰ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȉȣȚȤ șȚȈȘȠȍ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ ǮȍȘȚȊȣ ȍȋȖ șȓȈșȚȖȓȦȉȐȧ ȊȣȘȈȡȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȕȍțșȣȗȕȣȔ ȕȈȌȏȖȘȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖ ȌȖșȚȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ șȕȈȉȎȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ șțȔȔȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȕȍȋ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȋȈȘȈȕ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣ-

81
ȓȖ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȏȐȑ Ȓ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȦ Ǫ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȓȐȉȖ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȊȠȈȧ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞȈ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȕțȊ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖ-ȕȈȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȈ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ Ȋ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȊȍȎȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ȔțȟȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ǹȘȍȌȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ©Ȋȣȉȣȓ Ȑȏ
șȚȘȖȧª ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ
ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
Ȏȍȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔțȎȤȧȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȋ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ DzȚȖ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȍȌȣ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȕȈȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȟȒȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ
DzȈȒ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȊ ǮȍȕȦ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ
ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
DzȘȈșȖȚȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȊȖȓȖșȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠțȦ ȘȈȏțȔ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ
ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ
— ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ
Ǩ ȘȈȏ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
DzȖȘȖȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǮȍȕȦ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȖȒțȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ
ȍȍ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ șȚȈ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȈȘ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒțȦ
VIII
ǶȌȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȏțȟȈȓȈ ǮȍȕȦ Ǯȍ-
ȕȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȑȔȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȌȊțȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȊȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȗȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȖșȈȔȐ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȌȖ șȈ-
Ȕȣȝ ȐȒȘ șȔțȋȓȣȝ ȕȖȋ
ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȍȑȠȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ
ǸȈȖ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕ-

82
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐ ȕȍț-
ȔȖȓȐȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȏȘȍȓȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈ ǼȈȚȤȔȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ȇ ȕȍ șȔȍȦșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȘȖȕȐȏȐȘțȦ Ȗ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ǵȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ț
ȕȈș ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȊȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ǵȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȘȈȏț Ȑȏ
ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ-ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ
șȐȓ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ șȘȈ-
ȏț ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǩțȌțȡȍȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ șȐȓ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ǸȈȕȖ ȊșȚț-
ȗȈȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘț ȏȘȍȓȖșȚȐ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȘțȋ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȘȈȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȓȍȚ ǬȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ Ȑ țȊȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ǭȌ-
ȊȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȕȈȉțȝȈȕȐȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȍȍ ȖȌȍȎ-
Ȍȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȒȘȈșȧȚșȧ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȈȓȣȔȐ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȏȘȍȓȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȣȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȋȈȘȍȔ
șȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȍȍ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț.
ǫȈȘȍȔȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȖȚ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȧȘȟȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȐșțȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȌ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȧ ȊȘȍȌ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǬȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȦȚ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȐ Ȋ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȕȐȐ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȊȧȏȒȐȝ Ȑ
ȗȘȧȕȣȝ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ șȓȈȌȖșȚȍȑ Ȋ șșȖȘȈȝ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȎȕȐȟȈȕȐȧȝ ș
ȗȖȌȘțȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ șȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȖȕ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ǴȣȠȞȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȖȉȘȈșȚȈȚȤ șȓȖȍȔ ȎȐȘȈ ȒȖȎȈ
ȌȘȧȉȓȍȍȚ Ȑ șȔȖȘȡȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȈșȚȧȔȐ ȏțȉȣ ȒȘȖȠȈȚ-
șȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȚ ȔȖȏȋ ȚțȗȍȍȚ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ țȔșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌȊȈ-ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȦȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȋ șȚȈȘțȝț ǰ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȍȍ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ
ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȖȚȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǻȉȘȈȚȤ
ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȓȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȌ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȈșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ
ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȍ șȈȔȖȌțȘȈ ȟȍȘȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȠ-
ȕȧȔȐ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ Ȑ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȝ șȓȈ-
șȚȍȑ ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȕȈșȒțȟȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȘțȟȒȈȔ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
ȍȡȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȚȤ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȍ

83
Ȋ ȓȈȘȤȒȍ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǿțȊșȚȊȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ țȔȍȕȤȍ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȍȍ
ǰ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȖȌȕȈ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȍȑ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȌȖȊȓȍ-
ȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ șȊȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȖȡțȗȈȊ ǮȍȕȐȕȣ ȉȘȐȌȎȐ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȊ ȔȧȋȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȚȍȚșȖȕȈ ȊȖȓȖș Ȑ
ȖȚȖȠȓȐ șȖ șȒțȟȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȒȚȖ — ȊȈȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȝ ȒȖȊ-
ȘȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȝ ȒȚȖ — ȗȓȍșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȍ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȖȑ Ȋ ȔțȎșȒȖȔ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔȍ
ǶȕȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ șȈȗȖ-
ȋȐ, șȕȧȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȍȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ƞȓȧȗț ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ șȚȍȒ ȗȖȋȓȈ-
ȌȐȓȈ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ ȘțȒȐ Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒ ȋȈȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ țȌȖ-
ȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȔțȟȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȒȖȍ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ ȗȖȘȈșșȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȊȖȓȖșțȦ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒț Ȑ țȎȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȒȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȍȍ ȧȏȣȒȈ ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ǼȈȚȤȔȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ
ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ǯȍȕȍ ȟȚȖ
ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ — șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȑ ȓȍȚ
Ǯȍȕȧ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
ǵȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ș ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȖȚ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ǮȍȕȦ ȏȈ
ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈ Ȓ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȦ țșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑȏ șȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ Ȓțȟț ȗȖȌțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȒȖȊȘȖȊ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȕȈ țȓȖȎȐȓȈ ǮȍȕȦ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȣȗȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ
ǶȚȊȍȚȣ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȐȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȍ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȊ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍ-
Ȕȍ ǭȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ǯȍȕȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȐȔ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȈ-
ȌȖȔ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȗ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȝ Ȑ
Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȈȝ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ǯȍȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ

84
ȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȗȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǹȓțȠȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȘȈ-
Ȏȍȕȣ ǶȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȕȖ Ǯȍȕȧ
ș ȍȍ ȔțȎșȒȐȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ.
Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȍ ǩȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȊȟȖȕȒȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȝȊȈșȚȈȍȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ
șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ș ȋȈȘȍȔȕȣȔ ȘȍȎȐȔȖȔ Ȋșȧ ȍȍ ȝȊȈȓȍȕȈȧ ȕȍȏȈ-
ȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȚȐȚ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȉȈȉȖȑ
ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȌȈ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ȍȡȍ ȉȈȉȖȑ ȝȊȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȊȕțȝ, ȓȐȞȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑș-
ȒȘȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȖ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
Ȏȍȕ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȧ Ȑ ǼȈȚȤȔȣ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ ȉțȌȍȚ țșȔȐ-
ȘȍȕȈ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ ȕȈȘȧȌȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȑ-ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȍȊȕțȝȈ, ȗȘȍȊȏȖ-
ȠȓȖ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ǬȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȈȧ Ȓ ȘȖșȒȖȠȐ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ǺȈȒȐȝ ȚȒȈȕȍȑ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȖȕȈ
ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȖȊ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ ȗȍȕȧȡȈȧșȧ ȋȖȘȧȡȈȧ ȊșȍȔȐ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȘȈ-
ȌțȋȐ ǰ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ șȊȍȘȝț ȗȣȠȕȖȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȋȘțȌȣ ȗȈȌȈȧ
ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȏȔȍȐȓȐșȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ Ȑ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ ȔȍȎ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȘțȉȐȕȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ Ȉȓ-
ȔȈȏȣ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȋȘȍȞȒȐȑ ȖȘȍȝ DzȈȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țșȚȖȐȚ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ
IX
ǸȈȏ țȎ Ȕȣ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȈȔ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȟȐȚȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ, ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ —
ȍȊȕțȝȈ ǭȊȕțȝ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȚȘȈȎ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕțȦ ȚȍȔȕȐȞț ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
șȓțȋȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȈȘȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ƕ ȕȍȚ — ȍȊȕțȝ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȠȗȐȖȕ șȖȋȓȧȌȈȚȈȑ
ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ țȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȈȑȕȈ, ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȕȐ

85
ȖȌȕȖ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȖȔȣșȓȣ
Ȋșȍȝ Ȏȍȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȐȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȈ-
ȘȍȔȕȣȝ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȐȕȚȘȐȋ ǶȌȕȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ ȓȦȉțȦ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔțȦ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ
ȏȈȚȊȖȘȕȐȞț ǷȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȌȍșȗȖȚȐȟȕȣȑ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖȓȍȑ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȍȊȕțȝț ȒȈȒ șȊȖȐȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ Ȑ țȠȈȔ
ǰ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȐ șȓțȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȊȐȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ ȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖ ȓȖȎȕȖȔț ȌȖȕȖșț ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ șȒȖȗȞȈ ȖȉȐ-
ȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȔ ș ȍȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȍȊȕțȝ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ ȕȍ-
ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȈȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ ȗȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ țȚȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȐȍ ǭȊȕțȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț Ȑ ȋȈȘȍȔț șȊȖȑ ȗȖȓ, ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȑ
șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȉȍȏȓȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ șȍȘȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȖȐȔȍȕȐȍ ©Ȗȕª ȌȖȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ
ȖȎȐȘȍȊȠȐȔ ȒȈȒ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ, ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈșȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ƕȕ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȐȏȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȉȍșȗȖȓȖȍ
ȗȖȓțȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȍ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȖȎȍș-
ȚȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȘȈȌȐ ȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍȏȓȐȟȐȓșȧ ǫȈȘȍȔ Ȑ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕ — ȊȖȚ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȐȚ ȊșȍȔȐ ȜȐȉȘȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȌțȠȐ șȒȖȗȞȈ-șȓȈșȚȖȓȦȉȞȈ ǹȓțȎȈ ȐȔ ȖȉȖȐȔ Ȗȕ
ȐȔ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȔșȚȐȚ ȔșȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ȗȐȕȒȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ
ȖȚ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȓȖȑ
ȠțȚȒȐ ȖȌțȘȍȊȠȍȑ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȎȐȚ Ȋ
ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȧȡȐȒ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ ȏȈȊȈȘȐȚ ȚȈȒțȦ ȒȈȠț ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȉțȌțȚ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȍ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȋȘȣȏ-
ȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȉȖȍȊ
Ƕȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȐȓȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȏȓȖ-
ȉȖȑ ǹȓȈȉȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȉȐȚȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȐșȗȖȌȊȖȓȤ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȕȖșȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ

86
țȌȈȘȣ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȖ-ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȖȘȕȖ-ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȕȍȠȕȍ ȕȍȏȓȖȉȐȊȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ǰȏ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȍȊȕțȝȈ Ȓ ȍȊȕțȝț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȚșȧ ȊȍȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȘȔȣ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȍ-
ȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȒȈșȚȣ ǪȍȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȐȗ ȍȊȕțȝȈ
ǵȍșȓȣȠȕȣȍ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș,
ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊșȧȒȐȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ șțȌȤȉȣ ȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȕȖșȚȤ țșȓțȎȐȚȤ ȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȕȐȍ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȗȓȈȕ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ o șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȉ ȏȈ
ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ — ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȈȧ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȗȈȒȖșȚȍȑ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȑ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȍȊȕțȝȈ ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȖȚȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȖȒ Ƕȕ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȍȚ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȓȎȐȊȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖ-
ȘȈȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȔ ȠȖȘȖȝȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ
șȓȖȊȍ Ȗȕ șȢȍȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȗȐȕț Ȍȓȧ țȌȈ-
ȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȦȚ ȋȖȓȖș Ǩ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ Ȑ
ȞȍȓȖȔ, Ȗȕ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȍȕ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȒțȦ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȏȔȍȦ
X
Ǯȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȍȊȕțȝȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȑ-
Ȍȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǴȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ șȣȕ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȈ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ
ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ ȠȓȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ Ȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȚȤ Ȑȝ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȊșȒȐȕțȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ǯȍȕȧ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȔȖȘȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍȔ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — DzȈȒȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ

87
ǰ ȕȍ țȌȖșȚȖȐȊ ȍȊȕțȝȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȗȐȕȖȑ
ǭȊȕțȝ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȖȉȖȑȌȧ ȚȈȝȚț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȐȌȍȓȈ Ǯȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
— ǴȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȣȕ ǷȘȖ-
ȘȖȒȈ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ
Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțșȓȖȊȍ
— ǵȍ ȚȘȍȗȐșȤ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȊȕțȝț ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș
ȓȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȈ șȊȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȧȏȣȒ — ǷȖȑȌȐ Ȓ
ȠȈȑȚȈȕț ș ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȚȊȖȐȔ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȖȔ ǬȈ ȒșȚȈ-
ȚȐ ȗȘȐȝȊȈȚȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȕȦȟȐȍ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ
ǭȊȕțȝ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȚȐȘȈȌț Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓ
— ǴȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ ǴȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ Ȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȓ Țȍȉȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ
ȎȌȍȚ ȖȚ Țȍȉȧ
— ǿȚȖ" — Ǯȍȕȧ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȈȝȚȍ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ
șȎȐȔȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ șȚȍȒ. — ǿȚȖ" Țȣ țȟȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȠȤșȧ
ȉȍșȗȖȓȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ"
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ǭȊȕțȝ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȔț
ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȚȖ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȏȍȕ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ ǸȈȖ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒ-
ȠȐ șȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ șȚȖȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈ ȕȈ
șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȍȊȕțȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ
— ǴȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ Ȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ — ȊȘȈȏțȔȓȧȓ ȍȊȕțȝ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕțȦ — Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȖȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȍȔț ȌȖȓȎȕȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȒȈȘȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ
— Ǩ? — Ǯȍȕȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȠȈȋ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǭȊȕțȝ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȖ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ
ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈ
— Ǩ" DzȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǿȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ" ǹȓțȠȈȑ, Țȣ
ȉȍȏțșȈȧ ȉȈȉȈ ȇ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȌȖ ȚȘȍȝ ǰ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ țȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ ȊȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȖ ǸȈȏ
ǭȊȕțȝ șȢȍȎȐȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒț ȕȖ,
ȉȖȧșȤ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȍșȚȐȎ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȓȍȌȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ

88
— ǬȊȈ
ǭȊȕțȝ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȘȋȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ǺȘȐ
ǶȉȚȧȕțȚȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ șȈȗȖȋȈ ȕȖȋȈ ǮȍȕȐ
ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȣȉȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȍȊȕțȝȈ ȊȖȘȖȝ ȚȒȈȕȍȑ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȗȖȘȝȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ țȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖ-
Ȍț ȏȈȌȍȓȈ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȍȊȕțȝȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈȎ ȋȈȘȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ
ǺȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ Ǯȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ,
ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȚ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȍȊ-
ȕțȝ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȓțȋȈȔȐ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ț șȓțȋ
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȉȐȟȐ ǶȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȏȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȝ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȣ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖȍ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȦȚ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȈȓȈȟȍȑ ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȕȖȍ
ǭȌȊȈ ȍȊȕțȝ Ȑ șȓțȋȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȐȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȓțȟț Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ Ǯȍȕȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȞȍȕȐȓȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȑ șȗȘȣȋȕțȊ ș
ȗȖȌțȠȍȒ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ ǼȈȚȤȔț Ȑ ș ȍȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȕȈȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ȒȖșȚȦȔ ǪȚȖȘȖȗȧȝ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȣȑ Ȓ Șț-
ȉȈȠȒȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ǼȈȚȤȔȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȓȖȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȟȈȌȘț
ǻȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ǼȈȚȤȔț, Ǯȍȕȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȈȓȈȟȈȔ ǹȚȖ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȒȈȒ ȖȌ-
ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ǹȓțȋȐ Ȑ ȍȊȕțȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȔȧȚȣ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤșȧ ǫȕȍȊ ȗȘȐȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ șȐȓț ǬȊȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȍȊȕțȝȈ șȌȍȘȕțȓȐ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ șȚȖȓȉȖȊ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǺȈȔ ȖȕȐ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȠȍȓȒȈ
ȗȘȐȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȔȖȋ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ǹȓțȋ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȐȓȐ
ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȝ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ
țȌȈȘȣ Ǫ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȕȣȘȕțȓȈ
ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȖȉȘȍȒȈȧ
ȌȖȔ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȗ

89
ǹȌȍȓȈȊ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ șȈȌț Ȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ ȌȖȔȈ Ȉ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ șȗțșȚȧ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ
ȚȘȖȍȒȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȘȍȊ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ
ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ǸȈȖ ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȧ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ
XI
ǷȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ șȚȈ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ Ȏȍȕ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȋȈȘȍ-
ȔȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ șȓțȋȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐ ȉȍȋȓȧȕȖȒ ǩȣȓȐ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȕȣ Ȋșȍ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȠȓȐ, ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȕȍ șȔȍȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȔȍȚȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ țȌȈȘȣ ȗȈ ȚȍȓȈȝ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȝ ǵȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȕȍșȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȊ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȒȈȒ
ȔȍȠȒȐ ș ȝȓȖȗȒȖȔ
ǿȈșȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ ȋȓțȗțȦ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȒț țșȚ-
ȘȖȐȊȠțȦ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȒȈȠț ȟȈșȚȤ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȓțȋ ǹȈȔ ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ȊȕȍȠȕȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ Ȋȕț-
ȚȘȍȕȕȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓțȋȐ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȊȧȚ ȍȔț ȥȚț ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȟȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș
ȕȍȑǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȐ ǮȍȕȐ ȕȐ ǼȈȚȤȔȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȚȖ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȍȕȣ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȔȍșȚȈ șȚȖ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ țȌȈȘȖȊ
ȕȈȕȍșȓȈ ȘțȒȈ ǿȈȕȌȍȘȈ Ȉ Ȗ ȌȊțȝ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȏȈȟȐȕȡȐȞȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȐ șȓțȝț ȕȐ Ȍțȝț ǿȈȕȌȍȘ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȣȓȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȝ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ șȓțȋ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
țșȚȈȓȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȋȓȧȕȒȐ șȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȌȎțȕȋȓȧȝ
ǵȈȓȐȕȈȒȠȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȈȔȣȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȒȖȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋȣ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȐ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ
ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǰȕȌȐȐ

90
DZǹǮǰǮ ȅdzȀǰdzǾȀǮȍ
Ȑ ȘȜȠȜȞȜȗ ȞȓȝȜȞȠȓȞ ȟȣȜȒȖȠ ȟ ȞȓșȪȟ
I
ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ
ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ Ǫ dzȖțȊ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȉȐȏȕȍșȍ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ —
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ DzȈȕȏȈș-ǹȐȚȐ ǵȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȠȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑȏ ǺȍȒșȈșȈ
Ǵ-Ș dzȖț Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȍ șȐȋȈȘȍȚ ©ȇȕȒȐ ǬțȌȓȤª Ȋ ǨȚȓȍȚȐȒ-Dzȓțȉȍ ǬȐȒ-
ȒȐ ǸȍȌ
ǷȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ ǨȚȓȍȚȐȒ-DzȓțȉȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǨȊȋțșȚ  28.
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ
ǵȍȌȍȓȧ ȕȍțȌȈȟ
ǩȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ.
Ǵ-Șț ǿȈȘȓȤȏț dzȖțȊț.
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȒȖȓȌțȕț
ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǿȈȘȓȐ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ
ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȖȝȖȚȈ
ǹ ȕȈȐȓțȟȠȐȔȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȖșȚȈȦșȤ Ȋ șȊȧȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȘțȠȐȔȖȔ șȖȦȏȍ
ǫȈȘȘȐ ǩ ǺȍȘȘȍȓȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȒȓȈȕȈ 86.

91
Ǫ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘ-DzȖȔȗȈȕȐ ǻȖȓȓ șȚȘȐȚ
 ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȑ Ȗ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȝ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ș șțȝȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȜȐȋțȘȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȜȍȘȔȍȘ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ
ǻȐȓȤȧȔ ǸȐȟȊțȌ Ȑȏ ǺȍȒșȈșȈ, Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ
ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ǿȈȘȓȤȏȈ dzȖțȊȈ.
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǻȐȓȤȧȔȈ ǸȐȟȊțȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȊȐȞȍ-ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ
ȚȘȍșȚȈ, ș ȉȘȦȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȊȠȐȔ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȣ
Ȋ ©ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ǫȍȘȈȓȤȌª Ȗȉ ȖȒȖȘȖȒȈȝ ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘ
— ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ Ȕ-Ș ǸȐȟȊțȌ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǺȍȒșȈșȍ Ȑ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȋȖȓȖȊ Ȋȣ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ"
— Ǫ ǺȍȒșȈșȍ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖ ȗțșȚȧȟȒȐ ǵȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ
ȋȘȈȌțșȖȊ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ǹȒȖȚ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȍȕ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȉȣȒȐ șȔȍȦ ȊȈș
țȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȚȖȧȚ ȉȣȒȖȊ ǩȓȖȒȈ ș ǸȐȖ-ǫȘȈȕȌȍ
ǵȖ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ Ȕ-Ș ǻȖȚȟ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȊȈȔȐ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ Ȑ ȉȣȒȈȝ ȇ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚ ǿȈȘȓȐ ȕȈȒȈȏ ȏȈȑȚȐ
Ȓ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȤșȧ, ȕȍ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ǺȍȒșȈș"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ȕ-Ș ǸȐȟȊțȌ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȟȍșȚȤ
ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȗ șȒȖȚȍ ȐȓȐ Ȗ ȎȈȘȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȚȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤ
Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ
ǻȐȓȤȧȔ ǸȐȟȊțȌ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ǻȖȚȟȈ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȚȖ-
Șȣ ȚȘȍșȚȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ǩȘȖȌȊȍȦ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ
ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ».
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ǻȖȚȟ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ Ȍț-
ȝȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȍȔȕțȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȘȈșȝȓȧȉȈȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȕ-Ș ǩȘȖȒȔȍȕ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈȊȈȓȐȓ-
șȧ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ"
ǩȘȖȒȔȍȕ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ǻȖȚȟț ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ șȚȈȒȈȕ
ȊȐșȒȐ ș șȖȌȖȑ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȈȦ șȓȖȊȖ — Ȑ ȌȈȓ ǻȖȚȟț ȒȖȗȐȦ ș
ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȚȖȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ
ǵȖ ț Ȕ-ȘȈ ǻȖȚȟȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȖȔ ȕȈ ǷȧȚȖȑ ȈȊȍȕȦ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȔț ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȓ ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȔȍșȚȖ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȔȈȊȏȖȓȍȍ ȊȘȍȌȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ

92
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǵȖ ȍȓ Ȕ-Ș ǻȖȚȟ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǿȚȖ ȗȖȌȍ-
ȓȈȍȠȤ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȚȍȍȚ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț
II
ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȖȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ DzȈȕȏȈșȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȗȐș-
Ȓț ȕȈ ȕȈȠț ȋȈȏȍȚț" ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘ
ȝȖȚȧȚ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚȤ șȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ  ǬȐȊȐȌȍȕȌȣ dzȐȉȉȐ ǴȈȒ-
ǵȍȑȓȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ ȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȒțȗȐȓȐ șȈȕȐȚȈȘȕțȦ Ȑȕș-
ȗȍȒȞȐȦ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȋȕȐȓȖȑ șȒȖȚ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ
Ȋ DzȈȕȏȈșȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȣȉȖȘȣ
ǺȈȔ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȐ" ȀȚȈȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
Dzț-DzȓțȒș-DzȓȈȕȈ ȕȖ Ȋ DzȈȕȏȈșȍ șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ș ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȚȖ
ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȐ ȕȍ șȖșȟȐȚȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ȇ ȍȌț Ȋ DzȈȕȏȈș Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȚ ǨȘ-
ȔȈțȘșȒȐȑ ȚȘȍșȚ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȈȕȐȚȈȘȕțȦ ȐȕșȗȍȒȞȐȦ
ǮȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȉțȌț
Ǫ DzȈȕȏȈș ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ șȍȔȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ
ȌțȝȖȚȈ Ȑ șȊȐȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȣȓȤ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ǬȐȒȒȐ
ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǽȖȓȓȐȊțȌ șȓȖȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȗțȚȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ
ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȕȧ ș ȏȈȧ-
ȟȤȐȔ țȝȖȔ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȍȏ
șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȞȐȐ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȕȈ ǬȐȒȒ — ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȕȍȔț —
Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ
ȊȟȍȘȈ ȘȈșȗȐȊȈȓ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȐȊȖ — ȗȖȒȈ ȟȍȘȚ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȗȈȓ ȚȊȖȦ
ȠȒțȘț ț ȕȈș ȌțȘȈȞȒȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȐȓȧȋ ǴȈȒ-DzȥȕȈ Ƕ¶ǵȍȑȓȧ Ȑ DzȘȍȕȈ" ǵț
ȚȈȒ ȊȖȚ, ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȓȐ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǵȍȒȖȔț ȉȈȓȓȖȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣȉȖȘȈȝ Ȑ

93
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȐ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȎȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ƕ¶ǵȍȑȓȧ ǺȖȔ ǷȈ-
Ȓȓȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ș ȕȐȔ ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȋȕȈȓ ȠȖȜȍȘ
— ǨȓȓȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǵȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ"
— ǬȈ — ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍȚȘ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚșȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ș ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȖȑ
ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȑ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ șȍȓȐ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ
ȌȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȈȓ Ƕ¶ǵȍȑȓȤ
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȉ ǬȐȒ-
ȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȖȒțȘȖȒ șȐȋȈȘȍȚȣ ȔȈȘȒȐ ©ȇȕȒȐ ǬțȌȓȤª
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȗȖ-
ȊȍșȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌț ȊȈȠȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȕȈ ȘȈȕȟȖ ǫȈȘȘȐ
ǺȍȘȘȍȓȧ
— ǩȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ Țȣ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȍȠȤ
— Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ ț ȊȈș ȋȖȘȐșȚȈȧ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ"
— ǿȚȖ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ț ȊȈș ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȋȖȘȐșȚȈȧ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖ ȘȈȕȟȖ
ǺȍȘȘȍȓȧ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ"—ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ
DzȈȒ Ȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ, ț ǺȖȔȈ ǷȈȒȓȐ ȕȈȠȓȐșȤ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȍ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ǩȐȓȓȤ ǸȍȏȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚ Ȑȝ
ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ ȐȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ȍȌȐȕȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ
ǸȈȕȟȖ ǺȍȘȘȍȓȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ  ȔȐȓȧȝ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌ ȖȚ DzȈȕ-
ȏȈșȈ Ȉ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ǩȐȓȓȤ șȖșȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȖȊȉȖȧȔȐ
ȗȘȐ ȘȈȕȟȖ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ǺȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ
ȝȖȟț șȗȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ  țȚȘȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ
III
ǵȈțȚȘȖ țȚȘȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȓ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȦ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
— ȅȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȚȘȖȠȐȚȍ ȟțȎȐȍ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ" — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ Ȗȕ

94
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȗȐȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ
ȔȈȓȣȑ ș ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȌȈ Ȑ ȝȓȍșȚȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȍȋȖ ȒȖșȣȕȒȐ ȏȈ-
ȌȖȘȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȐȘȈȓ ȊȐȝȘȣ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ
ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ, ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ
țȌȈȘȐȓ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈ ȠȈȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȟțȎȐȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ ȗȖ
ȠȍȍǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȣȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
— ǩȘȖșȤ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȊȈȓȧȚȤ ȌțȘȈȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȗȖȍȏȌ
țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ . Ȑ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ǪȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ DzȖȘȖȊȐȑ ǩȘȖȌ Ǩ ț ȘȈȕȟȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ
ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ǬȎȍȒȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȧ ǶȕȐ ȒțȘȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ
ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȜȘțȒȚȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȣ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǩȖȌȘȖțșȈ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȍ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ ȟȍȘȕȖȔț ǩȐȓȓȐ, — Țȣ
ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ"
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ǩȐȓȓȤ — ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ
ǬȐȒȒȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
ȗȈȘȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȋ ȘȈȕȟȖ ȕȖ
Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǬȎȍȒ — ȊȐȌ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȕȣȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏ
Ȗȕ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȕȟȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȏȖȊȍȔ ȍȋȖ ǬȐȒȒ ǷȈȒȓȐȕ
ǬȐȒȒ ǷȈȒȓȐȕ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȓ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȍȔț ȘȈȕȟȖ
— ǬȊȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȒȖȊȉȖȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ, Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈ-
ȓȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȏȈȋȖȕȧȓ șȒȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȘȈȊșȒȐȑ
ȗȈșȚțȝ Ȉ Ȋ șȈȓțȕȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǹȥȔȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ
ȔȖȘȋȈȧ ȌțȚȤ ȊȐșȒȐ ș ȗȍȘȞȍȔ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȏȈȓț Ȋ ȠȐȔȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ
ȚȈȗȍȘȈ Ȗȕ Ȑ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ Ȑ șȍȊ ȕȈ
șȊȖȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȖȒ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȕȟȖ
Ǫ ȗȧȚȐșȚȈȝ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ șȒȈȓȈȝ Ȑ ȝȖȓȔȈȝ ȚȍȘȧȓȖșȤ
țȡȍȓȤȍ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȔȐșȚȣȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȏȈȋȖȕȖȔ

95
Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȖȋȖ șȒȖȚȈ
ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȐșȚțȒȈȕȖȊ ǬȐȒȒ ǷȈ-
ȒȓȐȕ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȉ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ — ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓȐ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ș ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘț șȍȒțȕȌ
ǬȐȒȒ ǷȈȒȓȐȕ șȚȈȓ ǬȎȍȉșȖȔ ǴȈȒ-ǬțȋȓȈșȖȔ ȒȓȐȋȘțȗșȖȔ Ȑ
ȘȈȕȟȍȘȖȔ ș ȏȈȗȈȌȈ Ȉ ȗȈȗȈȠȈ ǺȖȔ ȖȉȘȍȓ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋ ȐȔȍȕȐ
ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ ǹȚȐȊȍȕșȖȕȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȗșȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ
ȔȖȋțȚ țȑȚȐ ș ȗȖșȚȈ
ǬȐȒȒ ǷȈȒȓȐȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǵȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ
Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ
ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȍȒ ǶȉȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ țȡȍȓȤȧ.
ǷȖȌ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȜȈȒȍȓȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȖȒȖȓȗȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȌȊțȝ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȌțȕȖȊ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȘț-
ȌȐ ȊȈȓȧȓȐ ȌțȘȈȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ — ȊȍȓȐ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȓȖȎȐ ȒȓȈ-
ȕȈ 
ǬȐȒȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȖȍ ș ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ǫ ǹ — ȥȚȖ
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ Ȑȏ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ Ȑ ǫȈȘȘȐ ǺȍȘȘȍȓȤ — ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ
ȘȈȕȟȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ț șȚȍȕȣ — ȥȚȖ ǴȈȒ-Dzȥȕ ǸȐȟȈȘȌ Ƕ¶ǵȍȑȓȤ Ȑ ǿȈȘȓȐ DzȘȍȕ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȊȈȚȖ șȊȍȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚțșȒȓ ȕȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊ ȒȈȒ ț ǬȐȒȒȐ, ȔȖȋ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Țț ǵȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȊ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȚȍȓ ȞȍȓțȦ ȒȈȚțȠȒț șȕȐȔȒȖȊ Ȑ țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȘȧȌȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋțȦ
ǵȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȒȓȈȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȘȈȕȟȍȘȖȊ șȈȓțȕ-
ȡȐȒȖȊ ȖȚșȚȈȊȕȣȝ ȔȈȑȖȘȖȊ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ șȖȘȚȈ ȊȣȕȍșȓȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ǪȊȐȌț ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȊȣȉȖȘȖȊ șȚȈȟȍȒ Ȑ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȘȧȋ Ȋ Ȟȍ-
ȓȧȝ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȓȐȕ-
ȟȍȊȈȚȤ ȚȘȍȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐșȚșȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ
— ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ ǷȈȒȓȧ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ǵȈȌȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ
ǹȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȊȍȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȧ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȔȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
— ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ȔȟȐșȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȓ ȘȈȕ-
ȟȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȐ ȗȈȘț ȓȖȠȈȌȖȒ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȚȗțșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȐȔ

96
ȗȖȌ ȝȊȖșȚ șȒȐȗȐȌȈȘȈ.
ǶȚ țȡȍȓȤȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȌȍȘȍȊț ș șț-
ȟȤȧȔȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȉȈȖȉȈȉȣ ǬȊȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖș-
ȚȈ ȒțȏȕȍȞȈ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȓȍȠȐȑ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȈȓȈȟȍȑ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ
ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȈ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ
dzțȕȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȌȖȓȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȉȈȓȈȝȖ-
ȕȈȝ ȒȓȈȕȞȍȊ ǿȈșȚȖ ȓȍȚțȟȐȍ ȔȣȠȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȝȈȓȈ-
Țȣ Ȉ ț ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȒȘțȚȐȓșȧ ȘȖȑ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
— dzȖȠȈȌȐ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȖȔ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȚȖȗȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȈȘț șȍ-
ȒțȕȌ Ȉ ȧ ȉțȌț ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ș ȏȈȗȈȌȈ — Ȑ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȍȘȍȊț
ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
— ǰȚȈȒ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ — ȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȒȖȓȗȈȒ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓ-
ȌțȕȈ — ȖșȚȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ șȊȧȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȘțȠȐȔȖȔ șȖȦȏȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌȈ-
ȌȐȔ ȉȖȋț ȝȊȈȓț ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȍ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ
— dzȍȌȐ Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȍȕȣ — ȕȍȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȐ ȏȈȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐșȤ ǬȊȈ ©ȗțȠȍȟȕȣȝª ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȌȣȘȒȐ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȘțȎȕȣ ȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǪȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȓȈȕȈ ȗȖȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ț ȚȘȍȝ
ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȍ ȚțȈȓȍȚȣ ȕȈ Ȑȝ Ƞȍȧȝ Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȈDzțȏȕȍȞȣ Ȑ ȓȍȠȐȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— dzȍȌȐ Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠț șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ
ǶȚȊȍȘȕȐȚȍșȤ ǴȈȒ-Dzȥȕ Ƕ¶ǵȍȑȓȤ DzȘȍȕ ȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ǨȓȓȖ
ǺȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȑ
— dzȍȌȐ Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȚȍ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ǷȖȓȤȏțȑ-
ȚȍșȤ ȔȖȐȔȐ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȣ șȋȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ǬȐȒȒȐ
ȖȚșȚțȗȈȓ Ȓ Ȧȋț ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ — ȗțȚȈȧșȤ
Ȋ ȜȈȓȌȈȝ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ.
ǪșȒȖȟȐȊ Ȋ șȍȌȓȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȌȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȈȘț ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ
ȒȈȊȈȓȤȒȈȌȈ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȕȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȑ ǺȖȔ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȐ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȚȖȚ,

97
ȒȚȖ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ ȋȖȘȣ ȗȖ ȔȈȓȖȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǹ ȏȈȗȈ-
ȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȗȖȍȏȌ ǿȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț ȕȈ ȠȖșșȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȗțȚȧȝ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȈȘț șȍȒțȕȌ ǺȖȔ
ǷȈȒȓȧ Ȑ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ Ƕ¶ǵȍȑȓȤ ǴȈȒ-Dzȥȕ Ȑ DzȘȍȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ Ȉ ȗȖ șȔȍȎȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ȉȍȠȍȕȣȔ ȋȈȓȖȗȖȔ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ
ȟțȊșȚȊȈȝ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȓȈȕȈ
— ǭșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ țȞȍȗȐȚȤșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ
—ȉțȌȍȔ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ǴȍȕȤȠȈȧ ș țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈ-
ȊȈȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȍȚȘ ǬȐȒȒȐ șȗȘȖȊȈȌȐȓ șȗȈșȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ Ȋ
ȊȈȋȖȕ Ȉ șȈȔ ș ǺȖȔȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ
— ȅȋȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ șȊȍȘȝț — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǺȖȔț ǷȈȒȓȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȒțșȖȒ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ǺȈȒ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǹȊȍȘȝț ȓȍȏȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȣ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȑ ǺȖȔ
ǷȈȒȓȧ șȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȊȕȐȏ
ǫȐȒȈȊȠȐȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȖȚșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȉȍȓȍȓȐ ȕȍ Ȗȟț-
ȝȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȚȍȓȈ
— ǬȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȖȔ ǷȈȒȓȧ —
ȇ ȚȈȒ ȠȐȒȈȘȕȖ ȊșȗȖȚȍȓ
IV
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȜȐȒșȈȎ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ
Ǫ ȜȖȚȖȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ, ȗȖȌ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȕȈȔȐ șȊȍȚȈ ȘțȒȐ
ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȖȟȒț Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȈȚțȠȒț
ȗȓȍȕȖȒ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ǭșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ — ǸȐȟȈȘȌ ǸȍȌ ǵȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍ ǺȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ șȈȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȏȖȊțȚ
ǬȐȒȒȐ
ǬȐȒȒȐ — ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ
ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ȕȈȓȈȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ

98
Ǩ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȈȝ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ
șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȔ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ»" ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ǫȣ ȖȠȐ-
ȉȈȍȚȍșȤ ǸȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ ©ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» — ȗȈȘȐȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ ǸȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ Ȑȏ ©ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȐȏȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȐȋȕȖ-
ȘȐȘțȦȚ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ — ȕȍ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȧȚ-
șȧ Ǭȓȧ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎȈ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ǬȖȔȈ țșȚȘȈȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȘȐȍȔȣ ǵȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȣ ț ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ — ȥȚȖ
ȍȡȍ ȟȍȗțȝȈ ǵȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗțșȒȈȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȣȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȐȝ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȈȘȚȈȝ ȔȐȘȈ ǷțșȒȈȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ț ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȣ ȏțȉȣ
ȖȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȖȚȋȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ ǰȓȐ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖ, ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț, ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘț ȕȈ șȚȈȟȒț" ǷȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȔ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȟȒȐ ȓȐȕȐȧ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ șȚȈȟȒȖȓȖȔȣ Ȑ
Ȑȝ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ ȖȚ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ ȘȍȔȖȕȚȈ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚ ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȍșșȣ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ȖȚ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚșȧ ȘȖȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ ȜȖȚȖȋ-
ȘȈȜȖȊ Ȑ ȒȐȕȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ǪȍșȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȑ ȐȔȐ,
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȜȐȓȤȚȘ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ
ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȧȝ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȉȓȟȕȣȍ
ȏȊȍȘȐ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȟȍșȚȕȣȝ ȚȘțȎȍȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȈȑ ȌȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ
ȊȏȈȔȍȕ Ȑȝ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
Ǭȓȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȈȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ
ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎ ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ țȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȚȖȟȒț Ȋ ȚȖȟ-
Ȓț Ȓ ȕțȎȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȒȍ șȊȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍȓȤ-
ȏȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕțȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ
ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘ
ǻ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚȘțȒ-
ȞȐȐ Ȗ ȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȝ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ș ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȈȓȟȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ

99
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȔ ȈȜȐȠȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȘ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȑ Ȗȉ
ȖȉȖȓȤȡȍȕȕȣȝ ǵțȎȕȖ ȘȈșȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈȝ
ȕȍȜȚȧȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȧ ǰ Ȋ ȖșȖȉțȦ ȋȘȈȜț ȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȖȊȖșȚȍȑ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȣ
șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȐșȓȖ ȉȈșȚțȦȡȐȝ ȊȣȠȍ
ȌȊțȝșȖȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ
ȕȈȌ șȚȈȟȒȖȓȖȔȈȔȐ
ǻ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȐșȒȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ
ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȑ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȈȔ
Ǭȓȧ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȈȔȖȒ Ȑ
ȋȘȈȕȐȞ Ƕȕ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍ-
ȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ Ȋȍ-
ȌțȡȐȍ Ȓ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȑșȒ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ șȖȚȕȐ ȖȚȚȐșȒȖȊ ș ȓȐȞ ȘȍȗȖȘ-
ȚȍȘȖȊ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» Ȉ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ — ș ȓȐȞȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ Ǹȍ-
ȌȈ Ǩ ȓȐȞȖ ț ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȧȘȒȐȔ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȊȘȍȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȓȖȉ DzȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȚȒȐ-
ȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȝ ȡȍȒȈȝ ǺȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ — șȍȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǬȖȉȈȊȤȚȍ Ȓ
ȥȚȖȔț ȠȍșȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ș ȕțȓȍȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȞȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ȎȐȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔțșȒțȓȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ
șȖȉȖȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ».
ǬȈ Dzț-DzȓțȒș-DzȓȈȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ-ǷȈȘȚȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ș
ȕȍȑ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ȕȖ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» Ȗȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȖ
Ȉ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» — ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ — ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȒȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȔ șȊȧȚȖȔț Ȑ ȕȍȕȈ-
ȘțȠȐȔȖȔț șȖȦȏț ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ
Ƕ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȌȣ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȊȏȕȖșȖȊ ȞȍȕȚ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚț ȌȖȓȓȈȘ Ȓ
ȌȖȓȓȈȘț ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȒȖȗȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒțȗȐȓȐ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍ-
Ȕț șȓȖȊț ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȔȖȡȕȖȍ ȖȘțȌȐȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ

100
ǸȍȌȈȒȞȐȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șȍȔȐȥȚȈȎȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ Ǫ ȕȐȎ-
ȕȐȝ ȥȚȈȎȈȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȋȈȘȈȎȐ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ șȒȓȈȌȣ ȕȈȉȖȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȞȐȕȒȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ǫ
ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ — ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ȖȚȌȍȓ ȕȖȊȖșȚȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȊ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍ-
ȘȖȊ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚȖȒ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ
ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȍȘȝț ȉȣȓȈ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȈ ȈȕȚȍȕȕȈ ȘȈȌȐȖȗȘȐȍȔ-
ȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȈȕȋȈȘȈ șȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȈȔȐ ǺțȚ
Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȚȉȣȊȈȓȐ ș
ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈȔȐ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȣ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ©ǸȈȑȚª
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȚȍȝȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȔț ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘ-
ȒȈ ǹȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȠȚȈȚȈȔȐ ȍȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ șȍȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȒȖȘ-
ȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȖȊ
ǬȊȍȘȐ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒțȚȈȕȣ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȑ șȍȚȤȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖ-
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȈ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ
ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȈ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Dzț-DzȓțȒș-DzȓȈȕȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ
ǷȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑȏ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȊȍȓȐ ȝȖȌȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȖȚ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȚȤ
Ȑ Ȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȔȍȘȈȔ ǪȘȈȋȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ ȕȍ ȌȘȍȔȈȓȐ
Ȑ ȗȈȒȖșȚȐȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ
V
Ǫșȍ ȒȈȌȘȣ ȕȈ ȒȈȚțȠȒȍ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ǬȊȈ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȋșȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȗȘȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȖȘț
ǽȐȘȈȔ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ǸȍȌȖȔ
ȅȚȐ șȕȐȔȒȐ ȌȈȌțȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȚȐȘȈȎ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȔț ȊȣȗțșȒț
ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȞȐȕȒȖȋȘȈȜȐȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț

101
șȕȐȔȒȐ
— ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǸȍȌȈ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȊșȦ șȍȘȍȌȐ-
ȕț ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț
«ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȘȈșȝȊȈȚ ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
ȉțȒȊȣ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȠȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȕț ȚȘȍșȚȈ ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘȚ DzȖȔȗȈȕȐ Ȑ
ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ șȕȐȔȒȐ ș ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȓȖȎȐ ȒȓȈȕȈ Ȑ ș ȚȘȍȝ
șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȐșȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ
ǷȖ ȊșȍȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȠȕȣȘȧȧ ȔȍȎȌț
ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȈȊȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ǰȝ
ȒȘȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ
ȏȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ
©ǶȟȍȘȍȌȕȖȑ șȒȈȕȌȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘȍșȚȍ ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘȚ-DzȖȔȗȈȕȐª
©ǨȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈȞȐȧ ȗȖȌȒțȗȈȍȚ șȈȕȐȚȈȘȕȣȑ ȕȈȌȏȖȘª
©ǬȐȊȐȌȍȕȌȣ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ȊȖȕȧȦȚ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȤȦª
©ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍª
©ǩȍȓȣȍ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȐ ǺȍȒșȈșȈ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȓȐȕȟ ȟȍșȚȕȣȔ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȔª
©ǷȖȉȍȌȈ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ-ǷȈȘȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȣȉȖȘȈȝ Ȋ DzȈȕȏȈș-ǹȐȚȐª
ǷȖȓȐșȔȍȕȣ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ǫșȍ
ȌȖ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȓȐ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ǷȧȚȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȚȐȘȈȎȈ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȏȓȖșȤ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȝȊȈȚȒȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȋȣȗțș-
ȚȐȚȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ șȕȐȔȒȐ ș ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ Ȗȉ-
ȓȐȟȈȍȔȣȔȐ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȚȈȘȐȈȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǵȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȖȚ ǩȘțȒȓȐȕ-șȚȘȐȚ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȕȣȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȗȐșȈȓȐ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ».
ǹȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ
Ǫ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘȚ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ,
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈȓȍȏȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȏȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ ȠȘȐȜȚ,
ȌȣȔ ȗȓȖȚȕȍȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȣșȐȕț ǫȈȏȍȚȈ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȍȎȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒțȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ
șȐȋȈȘț ȗȍȘȍȒȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ
ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒ-
ȓȧȓșȧ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ-ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȐȚȍȓȧ Ƕȕ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊȐȚȤ ȐșȒ Ȑ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȍ Ȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ «Ǭȍȑ-
ȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ».

102
Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ, ȍȔț ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ
ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ Ȑ țȎȐȕ ș ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ǴȥȘȐ ǴȈȋȌȍȕ
Ȑȏ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȦȏȐȒ-ȝȖȓȓȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȔ ȊȣȗțșȒȍ Ȑ Ȗ Șȍ-
ȗȖȘȚȍȘȍ ǸȍȌȍ.
ǸȍȌȈȒȞȐȧ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȓȈșȤ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȖșȈ-
Ȍȍ ǨȘȔȐȧ ȒȖȌȈȒȖȊ ȒȐȕȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȚȍșȕȐȓȈșȤ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȌȢȍȏ-
ȌȖȊ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȖȊ ǬȈȎȍ ț ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘ șȖ-
ȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ
Ǫșȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ ǬȐȒ-
ȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȈȓȖ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ©ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐª ȗȖ
ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȦ
Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȣ Ȑ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȐ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖ Ȑȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȉȐȏȕȍș
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȖȊ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ șȖ șȍȝ
șȚȖȘȖȕ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ ȏȈșȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȐȕȖȗȓȍȕȒț Ȉ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȐ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȐȓȐ Ȋ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ǸȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȣ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȐȒȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȌțȠ ȎȈȓȍȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȚȈȒ ȝȓȍșȚȒȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȍȕșȈȞȐȦ Ȉ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȐȞȈȝ ȗȘȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ©ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊª
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ
ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȕȍ Ȓțȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ǨȘȔȈțȘ-ǹȚȈȘȚ, ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȖȚȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ
ȖȚ șȍȕșȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȘȧȌ ȔȍȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȌȍȓȈȝ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ
ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȋȈȏȍȚ ǸȈȕȌȖȓȤȜȈ ǽȍȘșȚȈ
VI
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ǩ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȖȋȖ
ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕȈ ȚȖ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȖȉȣȓ ȚȈȔ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ ȖȉȓȈȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȝȈȓȈȚȣ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ ǺȈȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ
ȓ0ȎȈ ȒȓȈȕȈ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ 

103
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȎȍȕȈ ǿȈȘȓȤȏȈ dzȖțȊȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋȕțȟ-
ȒȖȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔț ǵȈȚț ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕț — ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȦ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚ-
ȊȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȍȔț ȟȓȍȕț ȖȘȌȍȕȈ Dzț-DzȓțȒș-DzȓȈȕ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȊȈȎȕȖ
ǸȈȏȕȐȞȈ Ȋ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȐ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȓȖȎȐ Ȑ ȚȍȒșȈșșȒȖȑ ȏȈȒ-
ȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȚȍ Ǫ ǺȍȒșȈșȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȜȈȒȍ-
ȓȖȔ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȌȣȔȐȓ Ȑ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȌȖȊȍȘȝț ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈȔȐ
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚțȚ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȓȖ-
ȎȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȐțȔȈ
ǷȘȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ Ǫ dzȖțȊ ȕȈȎȈȓ
ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȍȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȟȍȚȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ǬȐȒȒȐ
ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖ- ȒȘȈ-
șȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȐȧ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖș ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ
ǹǴǭǸǺȄ
Ǩ Ȑȏ țȋȓȖȊ ȓȖȎ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ,
Ȋșȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȖȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ǷȐȕ-
ȒȍȘȚȖȕȈ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȌțȝȖȚȈ ǯȈȎȋȓȐșȤ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ
ȘȍȒȓȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȣ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌ
Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȋțȓȒȐȑ ȏțȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ-ȒȖȓȖș-
șȈ
VII
ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȈ — ǻȕȌȍȘȊțȌ-ǷȖȘȚȥȉȓ
ǺȈȒ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȠȘȐȜȚ dzȍȕ-
ȚȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȖȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ —
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȊȕȐȏ ȖȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ Ȉ ȗȘȐ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ț
ȉțȒȊ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȐ

104
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ ȓȦȉȐȚ ǻȕȌȍȘȊțȌ-ǷȖȘȚȥȉȓ DzȈȎȌȣȑ Șȍ-
ȗȖȘȚȍȘ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ ș ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȘȈș-
șȚȈȍȚșȧ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȈ ȥȚȖ — ȐșȚȐȕȈ
Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȈ ȕȖȊȖșȚȍȑ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȍȚ  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȅȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǻȕȌȍȘȊțȌȖȊ ǷȘȍșș-ǩȦȘȖ ǬțȉȓȤ-dzȍȚȚȍȘȋȘȈȓȓ ǫȓȖȉ-ǪȍȘȕȐȒ
DzȖȔȗȈȕȐ șȍȘȐȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȈȔȗ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ —
șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȈȧ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ș ȗȈȘȖȑ Țȣșȧȟ ȚȖȔȖȊ
ǶȒȕȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ țȋȓț ȠȍșȚȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ ǹȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȦȚ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȠȚȈȚȖȊ DzȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȘȧȌ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕ-
ȞȐȑ Ȑ șȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘț ȖȚȌȍȓȈ
ǸȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȖȚȌȍȓȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȚ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Ȗș-
ȊȍȡȈȚȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȚȈ ȗȘȖȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȐȘțȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȌȈșȚ ȍȔț ȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘȈ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ ǭȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ ȚȣșȧȟȕțȦ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕ-
ȌȍȕȞȐȦ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȣ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȊ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ
ȓȐȟȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǶȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ șțȚȖȒ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȗȘȈȊȒȖȑ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ
ǵȍ ȠțȚȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȀȚȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ  ȗȖȓȖș -ȝ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖșȖȉȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ Șȍș-
ȗțȉȓȐȒ Ȑ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȈ ǺȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȐ, ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
Ǫ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ Ȑ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȕȈȧ
ǸȍȕȕȐ ǴȖȘȐȕș șȍșȚȘȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ Ȑ
Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
ǻ ǸȍȕȕȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ǸȍȕȕȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈ-
șȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ șȚȐȓȍȔ ǸȍȕȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȐȚ ǬȐȒȒȐ
ǶȕȐ ȖȉȈ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ șȘȖȟȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ǻ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȊȈȎȕȣȍ Ȑ șȘȖȟȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȟȈșȣ ȉȤȦȚ șȍȔȤ Ȉ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș
ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ
ǸȍȕȕȐ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȐ
ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋțșȚțȦ ȠȍȊȍȓȦȘț
— ǨȓȓȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȐȌȍȔ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ

105
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȕțȎȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ șȗȖȘȚȖȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȕȐȋ Ȑ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ
ǶȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȌȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌ ǬȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌ — ȥȚȖ ȒȖȕȋȓȖȔȍȘȈȚ ȏȊț-
ȒȖȊ — ȔȖȕȖȓȐȚ ȚȖȕȕȈ ȘȈȌȐȖ-șȐȓȣ ȔțȏȣȒȈ șȈȚȈȕȣ ǬȎȈȏ-
ȉȈȕȌ ȖșȊȍȎȈȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȕȍȘȊȣ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȚ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȌȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌ Ǩ ȌȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈ-
ȕȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȘȈȊȕȣȝ
ǰ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ Ȑ
ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȍȔ ȘȍșȚȖ-
ȘȈȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ Ǫ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȓȣ ș ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȥșȚȘȈȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ
ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȟțȌȍșȈ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȥȒșȗȈȕșȐȊȕȖșȚȐ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ
Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȣ
ǹ ȠȍșȚȐ — ȔȍȎȌț șȚȖȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȕȞȣ Ǫșȍ ȚȈȕ-
ȞȍȊȈȓȐ ȠȐȔȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ ȜȖȒșȚȘȖȚ Ȑ țȈȕșȚȍȗ.
ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȑ ǸȍȕȕȐ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ
ǵȖ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȓȈȒȍȑ ǬȍȎțȘȕȣȔ ȗȖ șȚȖȓȐ-
Ȓț ǬȐȒȒȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ǿȈȘȓȐ ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ
ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘțȒț șȈȓȜȍȚȒț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑ ȚȘȍȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǹțȝȖȑ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȓȈȒȍȑ
ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ
— ǹȚȖȑȚȍ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ȥȚȖȔț ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕț ȉțȌț ȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȧ
ǰ Ȗȕ, ȝȓȍșȚȒȖ ȚȘȧȝȕțȊ șȈȓȜȍȚȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋțȦ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȒȈȘȚț
ǷȖȒȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȑ ǸȍȕȕȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȍȕȦ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ
Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈș-
șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȕȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȍȔț Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȓ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ
țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȝȖȌșȚȊȍ Ȗȕ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ ǼȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȚțȦ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȉțȒ-
ȊȈȔȐ—șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ǵȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ Ȋȣ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȕȈȔ ȒȖȕșȖȔȍ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ — șȊȐȕțȦ
ȒȖȘȍȑȒț Ȑ ȒȘȍȔ Ȑȏ ȌȐȟȐ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ șȥȘ

106
dzȈȒȍȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȒȘȣȓ șȚȖȓ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȧ, ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȟȈȠȒȐ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȉțȓȤȖȕȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝ ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧȉȓȖȟȕȣȑ șȐȌȘ
dzȈȒȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȎȌȈȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ț ȓȈȒȍȧ,
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȥȚț țȓȣȉȒț ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȓȈȒȍȑ ȕȍ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȝȐȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ? ǷȖȟȍȔț" Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȅȚȖ
ȝȐȚȘȖȍ, șțȝȖȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȓȈȒȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȧ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȖ ȖȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚ ȗȐȚȤ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȈȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤ ȒȍȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȐȕț-
Țȣ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȊȈȦȚ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖ ȚȖȕȒȖȔț ȒȈȕȈȚț
ǵȐȈȋȈȘț Ȑ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȅȚț țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȔȗȖȔ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ
ǻȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȈȒȍȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
șȚȖȓȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȖș Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȉȖȒȈȓȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒțȗȖȘȐȓ
ȉțȚȣȓȒț
ǯȈȕȧȚȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ǸȍȕȕȐ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȈșșȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș-
ȕȣȝ ȚȍȔ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȉȖȋȈȚȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ǹ ȕȍȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ șȒțȟȕȣȔ ǰ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȕȣȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ, ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȉȍȌȕȣȔȐ șȖȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ǵȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ. ǶȕȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȒȘȈșȧȚ ȡȍȒȐ ȋțȉȣ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȧȚ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ Ȑ ȗțȌȘȧȚșȧ
ǻ ǸȍȕȕȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ Ȉȓȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȒȖȎȐ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȉ ȡȍȒȐ
ȚȈȒȐȍ șȊȍȎȐȍ Ȑ țȗȘțȋȐȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȓȓȈȌȖȕȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ; ț ǸȍȕȕȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȒțȌȈ ȓțȟȠȍ

107
ǶȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ
ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȠȒț ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȓȍȏȧȚșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǻ
ǸȍȕȕȐ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ
ǶȕȐ ȗțȌȘȧȚ ȗȖșȚȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐ ȗțȌȘȍȕȐȞȈ ț
ǸȍȕȕȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȍȍ
ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȋȏȧȓ ș ȒȘȈȧ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ șțȔȖȟȒț ǸȍȕȕȐ ǹțȔȖȟȒț Ȍȍ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ șțȔȖȟȒț ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕțȦ Ǹȍȕ-
ȕȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ — șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ȗȘȖȜșȖȦȏȈ ǺȘȈȕș-
ȗȖȘȚȕȣȝ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȝ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ǺȈȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ
ȗȓȈȚȖȒ șȚȐȓȖ, ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȒȍ ȉȓȖȒȕȖȚ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȟȍȒȖȊȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ ǵȖ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȗțȌȘȍȕȐ-
ȞȈ"ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ ȗȘȖ ȗțȌȘȍȕȐȞț Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȊȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȒȘȣȠȒț șțȔȖȟȒȐ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȣȍ țȏȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȊșȣȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȒȈȓȣ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȐ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ
HeȚ, Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȐ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȊȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȖȗȘȈȊț ȒȖȓȍȞ
ǬȐȒȒȐ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ Ƕȕ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȈ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ
Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ șțȔȖȟȒț ǸȍȕȕȐ Ȑ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ǭȋȖ
ȘțȒȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȍȚ ȚȊȍȘȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈȌȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȉȘȦȒ
ǸȍȕȕȐ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȊȏȧȚȣȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȑȏ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ Șțș-
șȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ
ǷȖ Țȍȓț ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
Ǫ ©ǷȘȈȊȌȍª ǸȍȕȕȐ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ Ȗ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȗ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǺȈȒȐȍ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǶȕȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
țȠȓȈ Ȋ șȍȘȣȍ șȒțȟȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ǹȊȖȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȦȚ
ǶȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȟȚȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȘȍȏȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȈ ȉȤȦȡȐȝșȧ ȉȖȒȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȗȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ
ȗȖȓț ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȖșȈ
ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ ȏȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȚȖȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȀțȔ ȌȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌȈ Ȑ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȝ ȗȈȘ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-

108
ȕȖȍ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȓȈȒȍȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ
— Ǩȝ ǬȐȒȒȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǸȍȕȕȐ — ȒȈȒȖȑ Țȣ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȐȑ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȓȈȒȍȑ ȗȖȓȏȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȐ-
ȒȖȔ, ȉȣȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȐ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǯȈȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȉȘȦȟȕȣȑ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ǸȍȌȈ ȖȗțșȚȍȓ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ
ȍȋȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ
dzȈȒȍȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȈ ǹ ȕȈȌțȊȠȐ-
ȔȐșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȎȐȓȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȏȈȓ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȖșȒȖȓ-
ȒȐ șȚȍȒȖȓ Dz ȍȋȖ ȓȉț ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ ȌțȓȖ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ
șȚȘȍȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȚȈ Ǩ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȖȗȐȘȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȗ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ
Ȋ șȍȘȣȝ ȉȘȦȒȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȓȈȒȍȧ Ȑ șȕȧȓȈ ș
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȖȉȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȓȈȒȍȑ Ȋȣȓȍȏ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȑ șȗț-
ȚȈȕȕțȦ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒț DzȖȓȍȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȦȒ ȐșȗȈȟȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȣȓȐ
ȕȈ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȖșȍ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȖȚ ȉȖȒȈȓȖȊ
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǸȍȕȕȐ
— Ƕ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȖȊȖȒ ȔȐșș
— ǭȡȍ șȐȌȘȈ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț
ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȉȖȒȈȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȤșȧ
VIII
ǶȗȧȚȤ ǿȈȘȓȤȏț dzȖțȊț ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ șȗȖșȖȉȈ ȔȍșȚȐ «Ǭȍȑ-
ȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» Ǩ țȎ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȍȍȔȕȐȒ ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕȈ ȐȡȍȚ ȚȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ — Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ
ǻȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȔ Ȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ
ȕȖ ȌțȘȈȒ-ȗȖșȣȓȤȕȣȑ țȗȈȓ Ȑ ȈȌșȒȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȈ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ
ȗȈȒȍȚȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖșȓȐȕțȦ ȉȈȠȒț șȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠțȦ șțȔȈȚȖȝț Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȊ Ȓțȟț ȏȍȊȈȒ
ǬȕȍȔ Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȚȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ «ǬȍȑȓȐ
ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ǷȖșȓȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȧȌȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȗțșȚȐȓ
ȖȚȘȈȊț Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȕȟ ǵȖ ȥȚȈ ȔȍșȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȈșȤ
ǪȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȚȐȗȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȍȓȒȍ

109
ǰ ȊȖȚ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȎȌȈȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǮȌȈȓ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ
ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȟȚȖ țȎ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȑ Ƕȕ
ȎȌȈȓ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ
Ǫ ȊȖșȤȔȖȔ ȟȈșț dzȖțȊ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȖșȚȖȧȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖ-
ȏȖȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ
— ǰȌȐȚȍ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ȖȓțȝȐ — ȕȈȗțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍȓȖȊ-
ȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍțȔȍȓȣȝ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǿȈȘȓȤȏț dzȖțȊț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ
Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȧȍȚ
șȊȖȑ ȚȍȔȗ" ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȚȖ Ȋȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȚȍșȤ ǵȖȟȕȈȧ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȉ Ȋ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» Ȋ
ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟțȚȖȟȒț ȕȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȍȚșȧ
ǩȍȋȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȥȚȈȎȈȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȖȊ ȘțȒȈȊȈ
Ȑȝ ȘțȉȈȠȍȒ ȐȓȐ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȣ ȗȖ-
șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȘȍȏȐȕȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȏȈșțȟȍȕȣ ǶȕȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚ Ȓ șȌȈȟȍ șȈ-
Ȕȣȍ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ — ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȘȈȌȐȖȋȘȈȔȔ
Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȟȈșȣ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȍȘȝț ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȖȉȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȍȗȍȟȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ șȕȈȉȎȈȦȚ Ȑȓ-
ȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȕȍȊȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȚȘțȉȈȔ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȐȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȉȖȘȈ ȒȓȐȠȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȊȍȘșȚȒȐ
Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȐȧ ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȦȚ șȘȖȟȕȣȍ ȊȣȏȖȊȣ
ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȈ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȌȍȎțȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȍȔț țȎȍ ȗȖȌȈȕ ©ǼȖȘȌª ș ȕȐȔ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȐȑ ȒȖȌȈȒ ȗȓȍȕȒȐ ȔȈȋȕȐȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦǨ ȍșȓȐ ȕțȎȕȖ ȋȕȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ
ȔȐȓȤ ȚȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȥȚȈȎȈ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȜȚȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ Ȓ ȍȋȖ țșȓțȋȈȔ șȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ǽȐȘȈȔ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ
— ǸȍȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ «dzȦȒș», ǩȘȖȌȊȍȑ 
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ ȒȍȗȐ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȥȚȈȎ
Ǫ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ǰ ȘȍȗȖȘ-
ȚȍȘ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȈȔ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȍȦ ȀȖȜȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ǵȈ
ȓȍȋȒȖȊȣȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ ȀȖȜȍȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-

ȒȖ Ȋ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȈȝ
ǷȘȖȍȝȈȊ ȌȊȍ țȓȐȞȣ, ǬȐȒȒȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ DzȈȒȈȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈșșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȚȖȗȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȝ șȊȍȚȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ.
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ǼȖȘȌȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ȠȓȈ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ — ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ — ȔȈȘȒȐ ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȍȌȧȚ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚȣ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȤ șȍȕșȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȗțȚȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ƕȕ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȍȒ ǩȘȖȌȊȍȑ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓ  ȈȊȍȕȦ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗțș-
Țȣȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȣ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓȈ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ
ȠȓȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ ȊȏȧȚȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȈȓ
ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȍȍ ǰȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
ȓȍȚȍȓ șȍȘȣȑ DzȈȌȐȓȓȈȒ Ȑ ȓțȟȐ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ șȒȘȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ Ƞȍȓ ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌ Ȑ Ȋ ȒțȏȖȊȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȘȐ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȍȗȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȔ ȉȣȓ ȠȖȜȍȘ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ țȓȐȞȣ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȠȖșșȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚ
ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ȚȈȒȚȐȒț Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȗȕ
ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȈȓ Ȑ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑȏ ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌȈ
Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȝȖȌ ȕȖ ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȒțȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ șȊȍȚȈ Ȉ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȏ-
Ȏȍ șȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȤ ș ǼȖȘȌȖȔ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȍșȕȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȓ ȓȍȊȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǺȘȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋ ǼȖȘȌ ȖȋȓțȠȐ-
ȓȐ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ Ȗȉȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȐȏȉȐȚ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȕ ȀȖȜȍȘ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓ ș ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌȈ Ȋ
ǼȖȘȌ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǺȘȖȍ șȊȈȓȐȓȐ ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȋ ȒțȏȖȊ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ
șȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ Ȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔț ȗțȚȐ
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111
IX
ǵȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȐ DzȘțȋȖȔ — ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȈȧ
ȚȤȔȈ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȑ
Ȑ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ Ǫ ȚȈȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ
ȒȈȒ șȚȖȓȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȗȖȍȏȌț ș ȒȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ǵȈ ȓȉț ǬȐȒȒȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȠȐȠȒȈ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȘȍȓȤș ȏȈȗȍȓȍȕȈȚȣȔ Ȋ ȘȍȎțȡȐȍ
ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȍ
ǺȍȓȖȔ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȋȘȈȊȐȑ Ȑ ȠȗȈȓȣ dzȐ-
ȞȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ șȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ǫȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȉșȚțȒȈȓ ȘȍȓȤșț
Ȑ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȓȤșȈ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ șȚțȒȈȍȚ Ȗȉ țȋȖȓ-
ȒȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȘȍȓȤș ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȚțȚ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȍȟȍȕȐȍ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǵȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȥȚȖ Ƕȕ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȗțȚȧȔ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ
ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȗțȚȐ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈ
Dz ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȦ ȊșȍȋȖ, șȓțȝ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȓȤșȍ ȏțȌ
ǯțȌ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȉ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȒȖȔ ǹȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ
ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȗȖȍȏȌ
ǵȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ǪȖ ȘȚț
ȚȈȔȗȖȕ Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȍȚ ȘȖȚ Ȑ, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ țșȐȓȐȧ,
ȧȏȣȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ
ǷȓȍȟȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȣ Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ
ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȊȖȎȌȍȕ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȓȖȎț
ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț
;,
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȓ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȘțȒȐ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȕȏȈșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȣȔ

112
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ ǰȝ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǩȘȈȊȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ǶȕȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȌȖ
ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠ-
Ȓț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȏțȚ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓ ȕȍ ȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ șȗȈȚȤ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚț șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȘȈȏ-
ȓțȟȕȖȑ șȐȋȈȘȍȚȖȑ ©ȇȕȒȐ ǬțȌȓȤª Ǫșȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ Ȑ ȊȒțș-
ȕȖȍ ǰ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ dzȖȒȒ ȚȈȒ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȍȚ
ȕȍȘȊȣ Ƕȕ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȟȈșȣ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȤȔț ȕȍȚ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ
ǷȍȟȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȊ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȘȚȊ!
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠțȔȈ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚ ȉȈȕ-
ȌȐȚȣ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȗțșȒȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ ȖȚȒȖș ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȘțȠȈȚșȧ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ©ǴȖȓȕȐȧª ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǬȎȍȘșȍȑ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ ǷȖȍȏȌ ©ǴȖȓȕȐȧª ȓȍȚȍȓ
Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȍȓȖȟ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȚ Ȋ ȕțȎȕțȦ șȍȒțȕȌț ȗțȚȤ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ©ǴȖȓȕȐȐª ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟȐșȚȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț
ǵȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ț ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ
©ǴȖȓȕȐȧª ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚ ȕȍȜȚȐ Ǫșȍ șȔȍȠȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȒȈȠț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖȎȈȘ
ǷȖȎȈȘ ȉȣȓ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȕ ǵȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ
ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȈȕȐȚȈȘȕȣȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ǸȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȉȈȓȒȐ,
șȗȈșȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ țȉȣȚȒȐ șȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȐ ȌȍȗȍȠȐ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ
ǬȍșȧȚȒȐ ȈȗȈȚȐȟȕȣȝ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȖȊ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȊȣșȚțȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȍȗȍȠț ǮȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖ
Ȋ șȔȧȚȍȕȐȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ DzȈȒțȦ șțȔȧȚȐȞț Ȋȕȍș-
ȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǰ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ
ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ

113
ǻ șȔȧȚȣȝ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ șȔȧȚȣȍ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǶȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȘȈȏȔȖȏȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍ-
ȗȈ șȈȕȐȚȈȘȣ ȊȘȈȟȐ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ȖșȊȍȡȈȦȡȐȍ ȘțȟȕȣȔȐ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȧȔȐ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȈșșȣ Țȍȓ ȏȈșȣȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈ-
ȔȐǷȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȊȘȍȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȞȐșȚȍȘȕț șȋȖȘȍȓ ȊȔȍș-
Țȍ ș ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚȈȔȐ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ǻ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ș ȗȖȟ-
ȚȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȋȘȈȉȍȎȈ
ǰȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ Ȑ ȒȐȕȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȣ ȏȈȉȍ-
ȋȈȓȐ ș ȦȗȐȚȍȘȈȔȐ
DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȈȒ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȓȍȚ -ȚȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ
ȟȐșȓȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȈȒȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ©ǨȔȍȘȐȒȥȕª Ȉ ȥȚȖȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȘȍȔȐȦ ȚȖȔț ț ȒȖȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȘț-
ȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ
Ǫșȍ ȌȖȔȣșȓȣ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ, ȉȖȌȘșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ, șȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ — ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ DzȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ Ȉ ȒȚȖ ȘȈ-
ȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȊ ©ǴȖȓȕȐȐª ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ — ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ —
ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ
ǭȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȗȖȗȖȚȍȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȐȓ-
șȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȘȠȘțȚȈ Ȑ, ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ, ț ȕȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȖ șȓțȎȍȉȕȖȔț ȗȘȖȊȖȌț ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȗțȚȍȑ:
— ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗțȚȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț țȟȈșȚȒȈ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ 
— ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ țȟȈșȚȒȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ — ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț țȟȈșȚȒȈ ȗț-
ȚȐ
— ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ țȟȈșȚȒȈ ȗțȚȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț șȚȘȍȓ-
ȒȐ
— ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ

114
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ
șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ șȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȋșȍ ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȌȍȗȍȠȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ Șȣ-
ȟȈȎȕȣȔ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȘȣȟȈȋ
XII
ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǬȐȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ǬȐȒȈȧ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȏțȌ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ șȖȚȘȧșȈȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȏțȉȣ
ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȊȗȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȔȗȖȕ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ȏȈȋțȌȍȓ ȋțȌȖȒ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȍȏȒȐȍ
Ȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȋțȌȒȐ ǬȐȒȒȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȈșȚțȡȐȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȏȈȦȡȐȑ-
șȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ǪȐȌȍȓ ȐșȒȘȣ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑȏ
ȚȖȗȒȐ ȀțȔ ȘȖș ȥȒșȗȘȍșș ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȋ ȊșȦ șȐȓț ȊȖȓȐ ǭȋȖ ȊȏȖȘ ȏȈșȚȓȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȑ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ Ƕȕ ȔȍȚȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȕȍȘȊȣ șȊȖȐ ȔțșȒț-
ȓȣ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ǫșȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȍȏȌ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȖș
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ ȖȉȌȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȓȈȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖșȚȘȐȧ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȍș ȊȘȍȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ
șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȖȔ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȌ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȓ
ȍȋȖǺȖȗȒȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȈ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǬȐȒȒȐ
ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȐȊ
ȐșȒȘȣ ȊȣȗȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȗȒȐ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȐșȚ-
ȓȍȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ
șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ ǺȈȔȗȖȕ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ
ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǪȌȈȓȐ ș ȠȖșșȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȕȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȕȐ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȕȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ
ȔȍȘȍ ȕȍ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǬȐȒȒȐ șȉȍȎȈȓ ș ȕȈșȣȗȐ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓ ȠȖșșȍ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ
ȗȖ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȏȈ Ȓțȟȍȑ ȉțȓȣȎȕȐȒȖȊ

115
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ǷȈȒȒȈȘȌȖȔ Ȑ ȚȘȖȍ
ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȊ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔț ȗțȚȐ
ǬȐȒȒȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ șȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ ȚȘȍȔ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǷȖȌ țȚȘȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ
— Ǫȣ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȓȐ ǬȐȒȒȐ" — ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǽȐȘȈȔ ǬȎȖȕ-
șȖȕ
— ǵȍȚ ș ȘȍȓȤș — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ǵȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȠȓȐȚȍ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ Ȓ ȚȖȘȋȗȘȍȌț ǹǹǹǸ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȊȐȚȍ șȕȐȔȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȚȍ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȜȐșȚȒț Ȑ ȊȐșȒȐ ș șȖȌȖȑ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȉ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ,
— ȐȓȐ ȧ Ȗșȍȓ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈ țȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȊȖȍȑ
ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȗȖȚțȝȠȍȑ șȐȋȈȘȍȚȖȑ Ȋ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋȣ-
ȗțșȒ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ». ǵȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ
«ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ Ȗ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ Ȗ Dzț-DzȓțȒș-DzȓȈ-
ȕȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ»
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ ȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȈȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ ȒȓȍȘȒȖȊ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌ Ȑ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț
ȘȈșȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚț
XIII
ǭȋȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȌȖ țȉȘȈȚȤ
ǶȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ ȀȚȈȚȈ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ
DZȖȘȒ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȡȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȐȍ Ȗ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȉȈȓȈȝȖ-
ȕȖȊ Ȋ ȠȚȈȚșȒȖȔ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȓȗț ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȖȡȍȟȐȕț ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȈ

116
ǵȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȈȝ Ȋ țȓȐȞȈȝ, ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖ
ȒȘȈȍȊ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧȔȐ Ȋ ȔȍȚȘȖȗȖȓȐȚȍȕȍ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧȝ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȔ ȚȍȔȗȍ ȉȐȘȎȐ ȕȈ ǻȖȓȓ-
ǹȚȘȐȚȍ
dzȦȌȐ șȎȐȋȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ-
ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȈȔ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕțȦ ȗȍȠ-
Ȓț ǴȧșȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ Dzț-DzȓțȒș-DzȓȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȚȈȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȖȎ
ǴȧșȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȖȡȍȟȐȕț ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȒȖșȖșȈ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȉȐȓȍȚȖȔ ȔȧșȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȎȈȎȌȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǴȧșȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ țȉȐȚȤ
ǪȍȟȍȘ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ — ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȒȈ ǹȒȈȏȒȈ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȍȚȘ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǹȒȈȏȒȈ — șȐȓȣ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǴȖȡȕȣȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ
Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȚȖ Ȋșȍ
șȗȓȖȠȤ ǰ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ șȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞț ȕȈȉȐȚțȦ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȐȔȐ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȈ-
ȔȐǰ ȍșȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȊșȒȘȣȊȠȐȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖ-ȕȈ-
ȘȣȊ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ-ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȈșȒț ș ȖȚȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȓȖșȒȈ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ — ǻȗȚȖȕ ǹȐȕȒȓȍȘ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ
ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȗȉ ȐșȚȐȕȖȑ ȋțȔȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ
ȔȧșȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȉȖȑȕȍ Ȗȉ ǻȖȓȓ-ǹȚȘȐȚ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ș șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȓȈȒȍȑ Ȑȏ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ
ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
ș ȞȐȈȕȐșȚȣȔ ȒȈȓȐȍȔ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȓȈȒȍȧ
ȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ șȚȍȒȖȓ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȧ
Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕȈ ȕȈ
 ǨȊȍȕȦ, ȠȓȖ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ «ǬȍȑȓȐ ǪȖȘȒȍȘ» ȉȣȓ ȘȧȌ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ Ȍȓȧ
Ȍȍȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȓȐșȤ ȌȍȓȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ
ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȉȦȘȖ ǾDz ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ
ǾDz șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ

117
ǵȈȘȧȌț ș ȥȚȐȔ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȌȈȚȤ ȘȧȌ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȟȐȒȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ DzȖȋȌȈ
ȌȖȠȓȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȌȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍșȚȒȍ Ȍȕȧ șȍ-
ȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǭșȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ DzȚȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȍȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚ ȍȋȖ"
ǿȓȍȕ ȉȦȘȖ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ǽȐȘȈȔ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ
— ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ
ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ ȏȕȈȦȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȕȍ ȒȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǩȦȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔ ǶȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȐȔȍȓȈ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȋȓȈȔȍȕȚț ȗȖ-
ȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǰȏ ȘȈȔȖȒ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȐȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ
ǹțȌȤȉȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȈ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ ǪȖȓȍȑ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȘȖȠȍȕ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ȟțȌȍș-
ȕțȦ șȚȘȈȕț
— ǰȚȈȒ ǬȐȒȒȐ Ȋȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ Ȑȏ ǼȘȐșȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ, Ȋ ȚȘȐ
ȟȈșȈ"
— ǰȏ ǼȘȐșȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ, Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȕȈ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȍ
ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚȍª!
ȃǥV
— ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦșȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȕȈ 
ȚȖȕȕ
DzoȋȌȈ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ȌȍȓȖ ș țȓȐȞȍȑ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȍȕ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȕȍȚ
ǭȡȍ ȝțȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕȐȧ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑ țȔȈ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ — ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȍȠȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ
ǰ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȝțȌȠȍȍ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȏȈșȚȖȗȖȘȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ
ȝȖȌ ȧȏȣȒț

118
Ǫ ȗȈȘț ȔȐȕțȚ Ȗȕ ȊȣȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȍȌȍȚ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ǷȘȐȧ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȖȞȍȕȐȓ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȌȈȓ ȗȈȘț șȖȊȍȚȖȊ
ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȗȖȠțȚȐȓ ȕȈșȟȍȚ
ǼțȏȐ-ȇȔȣ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ, ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ șȊȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȎȈȓ Șț-
Ȓț Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ
Ǫ ȠțȔȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȖ ȠțȔ țȓȐȞȣ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȐȝ ǻ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȝ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȚȖȧȓ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ș șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȏȈ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȊȠȐȝ
ǷȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȋțȉ Ȗȕ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȍȌȍȚ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ©ǷȘȍ-
ȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚª ǹȈȔ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚª
— ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȚȘȈȕș-ȗȈșȐȜȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȕȈ ǫȈȘȘȐȔȈȕȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȚȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ș șȐȕȍ-
ȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
XV
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ — ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ — ȐȔȍȓ șȊȖȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ƕȕ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȖȚ Ȏȍ-
ȕȣ șȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ǺȈȔ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐ-
ȓȈ ȖșȍȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ǿȈȘȓȤȏț dzȖțȊț ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ
ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ȍȍ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔȐ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ
XVI
ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȚȢȍȏȌț
Ƕȕ ȐșȒȈȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȕȤȦ-

119
ȑȖȘȒȍȞ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȑ ț ǴȈȒ-ǬțȋȓȈșȈ Ȑ DzȖȔȗȈȕȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȈȦȚșȧ ǹțȗȍȘ-ǫȓȖȉ-ǺȘȖȋȚȍȘȐ ȅȟ 
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȈȒ-ǬțȋȓȈșț
— ǶȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ — ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋț ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȝȈȝ ȒȖȎȐ ǷȈȝȓȖ ȏȈȔȠȍȑ Ȑ ȠȍȊȘȖ
ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈȔȐ ȕȍșȍșșȍȘȈȔȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȍȌȓȈȔȐ ȒȖȎȈ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȗȖ-ȒȖȎȈȕȖȔț
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȘȍȔȕȍȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ șȍȌȍȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȖȒ
ȥȚȈȎ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȌȊȈ ȥȚȈȎȈ ȉȖȚȐȕȖȒ ǬțȋȓȈș ȀȐȔȔȐ
ǴȥȘȐ ǿȈȘȓȐ ǷȘȖȔȍȕȈȌ Ȍȓȧ ȚȍȕȕȐșȈ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖȓȤȜȈ Ȍȓȧ ȜțȚ-
ȉȖȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȕȞȍȊ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȍȘȣ Ȍȓȧ
ȕț Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ
ǶȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ Ƞȓȧȗ
ȥȚȈȎ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȌȊȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ Ȑ
ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȟȐȒȖȊ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ — ȗȘȖșȐȚ
ǬȐȒȒȐ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȐȚ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȍ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ șȥȘ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȑȚȍ ȊȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȒȕȐȋ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ȉȍȓȤȧ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ș ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȐȧ — ǬȐȒȒȐ ȌȖȚȘȖ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȈ— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ǿȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȊȏȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȕȈ ǼȖȘȌ ǬȐȒȒȐ țȍȝȈȓ
ǯȈ ȕȐȔ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ
ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ Ȋȏȧȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ DzȥȚȚȐ
Ƕȕ ș ȕȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȦȏȐȒ-ȝȖȓȓȍ
ȕȖ ǬȎȍȒ ȉȣȓ ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȓ
ȊȐȌț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ©DzȈȌȐȓȓȈȒȍª
ȅȚȐȔ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ǯȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȈȓȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ
țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ țȝȖȌț Ȑȏ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ Ȓ ǴȈȒ-ǬțȋȓȈșț
ȊȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ țȏȕȈȍȔ ȋȓȈȊ-

120
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȡȐȑ Ȗ DzȥȚȚȐ Ȑ ȔȦȏȐȒ-
ȝȖȓȓȍ
— ǹȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ — ș ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȖȌȣȠȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ dzȖțȊ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ-ș, șȥȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒ — ȊȖȚ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ
— Ƕȓȓ-ȘȈȑȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ dzȖțȊ
— ǩțȌȍȚ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș DzȥȚȚȐ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ-
ȟȐȒǺȖȘȋȖȊȓȧ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈȔȐ ǹțȗȍȘ-ǫȓȖȉ-ǺȘȖȚȚȍȘ ȅȟ  Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ
ȌȍȕȤ ȠȓȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
XVII
ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ — ȋȖȘȖȌ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǩțȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȔȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ
șȕȈȉȎȍȕ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȦȋȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȖȔ Ǫ
ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȐȝ ǹȈȕ-
ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ — ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒ ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ǹȍȊȍȘȖ-ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ǹȖȍ-
ȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȋȖȊ
ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȒȓȈșșȕȣȔ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȔ
ȗȖȘȚȖȔ ǹȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȚȖȕȕ ȋȘțȏȈ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ
șȋȘțȎȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȒȋȈțȏȈȝ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ǨȏȐȍȑ ǸȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ
ȒțȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ DzțȘȐȓȤȕȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ
ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȣȍ ǮȍȓȚȣȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈ-
ȓȖȊ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Ǫ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȘȐ-
șȓțȋȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȣ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȖȒșȍȘȣ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȠȊȍȑ-
ȞȈȘȣ
ǵȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȥșȚȘȈȌȣ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȕȍ ȐȌțȚ.
Ǩ Ȋ ǼȘȐșȒȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚ ȘȈșȖȊȣȑ ȈȕȚȈȋȖȕȐȏȔ
DzȖȕșȍȘȊȣ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȔȣȍ ȔȧșȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȍșȚȈȔȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȐȔȍȦȚ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȥȚȐȒȍȚȍ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ
©ǻȗȈȒȖȊȈȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈª

121
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐ-
șȐ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȐȒȍȚȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȈ
Ǫ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȐȕȖ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ
dzȖș-ǨȕȎȍȓȖș — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȥȒȘȈȕȈ
ǺțȚ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȍ ȚȖȓȟȍȕȐȍ Țȣșȧȟ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ
ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȡȐȝ Ȗ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȍ ȒȐȕȖȏȊȍȏȌ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ ȌȍȓȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ǵȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȈȝ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ dzȖș-Ǩȕ-
ȎȍȓȖșȈ dzțȟȠȐȍ ȉȖȍȊȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȥȒȘȈȕȖȔ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȐȕȖ ǼȘȐșȒȖ
XVIII
Dz ȌȊțȔ ȟȈșȈȔ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȈșȤ țșȐ-
ȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȞȐȘȒțȓȧȞȐȧ ȓȍȋȒȖȊȣȝ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȖȊȣȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈ-
ȕȐ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȕȈ ǫȈȘȘȐȔȈȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȐȚȐȊȕțȦ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȒț ȟțȌȍșȈȔ ȔȐȘȈ ȅȚȐȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ǵȈȠȐ ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ ȕȍȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȘșȚȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȟțȌȍș
ǺȈȒ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȒ ȕȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȟțȌȍș Ȗȉ
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ
©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚª ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ©ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȖȊª ǫȈȘȘȐȔȈȕȈ ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȚȖȕȕ
ǵȍȌțȘȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȟȈș.
©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚª ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȓȐȕȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔ țșȚț-
ȗȈȓ Țȣșȧȟȍ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȉ ȊȣșȖȚȖȑ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȟȈȓ ș șȘȍȌȕȐȔ ȕȍȉȖ-
șȒȘȍȉȖȔ
ǵȈ ȕȍȔ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȘȈȌȐȖȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȐȋȘȣ Ȋ ȚȍȕȕȐș Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ Șțș-
șȒȐȔȐ ȉȈȕȧȔȐ
DzȈȎȌȈȧ ȒȈȦȚȈ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖȚȍȓȤ ș ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȖȔ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȍȑ

122
ǯȈȓȣ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȔȍȡȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ
ȗȍȘșȖȕ ȕȖ Ȑ șȍȘȐȦ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȉȓȦȌ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȍȔȣȝ Ȋ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ Ȓțȝȕȍ
Ǫ ȟȐȚȈȓȤȕȧȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ țȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȍ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȧȏȣȒȈȝ Ȑ ȓȦȉȣȍ șȗȘȈȊȖȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ Dz ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ
ȗȖȟȚȈ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ț ȊȈș ȕȈȚțȘȈ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȈ ȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȍ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȐ
Ǫ ȒȐȕȖ ȕȈ ©ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚȍª Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȉȖȍȊȐȒȐ
șȍȏȖȕȈ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȐȒ ȊȈș
ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚ Ȋ ȔȦȏȐȒ-ȝȖȓȓ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤȦ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȓȈȊțȟȍȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȏȈȉȖȓȍȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȌțȠȖȑ ȐȓȐ ș
ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ǭȓȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ
ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ șȈȌȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒ ȚȖ ȊȈș ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚ
ȗȖ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓȐ ȗȖ
ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȒȓȈșșț ȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȊșȍȔȐ ȉȓȈȋȈȔȐ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ǭșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȣ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȌȍȗȍȠȐ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȓțȠȈȚȤ
ǪȈȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȈș ȉțȌțȚ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ,
ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȈȎȖȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȐȕȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȕȈ ȖȚ ȗȐȈȕȐșȚȈ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ
ǪȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȧȚ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȧȚșȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȖȔ Ȓ ȚȈȉȓȤȌȖȚț Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȔ ȚțȈȓȍȚȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȧȚ Ȓ
ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȚțȜȓȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌțȚ Ȗ ȏțȉȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȍ Ȑ ȏțȉȖ-
ȟȐșȚȒȍ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȍ Ȍȓȧ ȟȐșȚȒȐ ȕȖȋȚȍȑ Ǩ țȚȘȖȔ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȑ
ȌȖ ȟȍȘȚȐȒȖȊ ȗȈȘȐȒȔȈȝȍȘ ȊȣȉȘȍȍȚ ȊȈȠț ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ
Ǫșȍ ȥȋȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȍșȓȐ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȏȈ Șȍȑș ȖȚ ǼȘȐșȒȖ
ȌȖ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȊȕȍșȍȚȍ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ǵț Ȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ
ȐȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ" ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȒȓȈșșȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȈȍȚȍ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ ȕȖ
ȊȈș țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȐȕȐȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈșȞȍȕȒȍ ȊȈș ȏȈ-
șȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȕȐȏ Ȑ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ
ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȣȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧȝ

123
Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȘȝȈ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚȍ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȉȖȍȊȐȒȐ
șȍȏȖȕȈ
Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȒȐȗȧȚȖȒ Ȑ ȊȈș ȉțȌțȚ ȚȘȍȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȒȓȈșșȈ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎțȚ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȎțȚ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍțȟȚȐȊȖ
XIX
ǯȈ ȟȈș ȌȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ©ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚȈª ț ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ
Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȈȋȈȎȖȔ ȕȍțȔȖȓȐȔȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ Țȍȓȍ-
ȜȖȕ
— ǨȓȓȖ ȧ ȊȈș șȓțȠȈȦ
DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ
— ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ — ǩȈȋȈȎ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȹ  ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȉȈ-
ȋȈȎȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț
ǵȖ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȏȈȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ
— ǯȈȗȐȠȐȚȍ — ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȖȓȖș — ȉȈ-
ȋȈȎ ȒȈȦȚȣ  ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț ȒȈȒ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȏȊȍȕȍȓ
— ǨȓȓȖ
— ǯȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȉȈȋȈȎȖȔ"
— ǬȈ
— ǩȈȋȈȎ ȒȈȦȚȣ  ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ
— ǯȕȈȦ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȉȖȧșȤ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȣȗȧȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȐ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȊțȝșȖȚ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ș

124
ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȏȈȗȘȖșȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈª ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȈȋȈȎ
ǹ ȚȘȍȝ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȌȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȝ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȌ ȔȈȘȒȖȑ ǹțȗȍȘ-ǫȓȖȉ-
ǺȘȖȚȚȍȘ ȅȟ  DzȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ ȊȘț-
ȟȐȓ ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȔț ȖȜȐȞȍȘț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȒȈȦȚ ȹȹ    ǿȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ
ȘȧȌȖȔ
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȦ ǪȕȐȏț Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȒȈ ǸȈȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȈȘȣ
ǿȍȘȍȏ șȖȘȖȒ ȔȐȕțȚ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚª ȖȚȌȈșȚ ȒȖȕȞȣ.
ǵȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȉȍȚȖȕȕȣȔȐ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȓ
ȚȘȈȗț ȕȈ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚª, ȌȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠțȦ ȗțȉȓȐȒț
— ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ǬȐȒȒȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǶȉȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǬȐȒȒȐ ȐȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȖ ȏȈȘȍȏț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ
— ǵȖ Țȣ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȤ" — ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ
— ǯȊȖȕȐȓ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ
— ǵț"
— ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ țȍȝȈȓ
— ǿȍȘȚ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ  ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȋȖȕȋȈ ȕȈ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȖȗȖȊȍȡȈȓ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȦȡȐȝ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ
ȚȖȓȗț ȏȍȊȈȒ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔț ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ Ǫ
șȈȔȣȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȗ ȚȖȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȉȈȓȔȖȠȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ.
ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȘȍȠȐȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȏȍȕȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ Ƕȕ șȗȍ-
ȠȐȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊȍȡȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȍȌț șȥȘ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘț — ǫȌȍ ȔȖȐ
ȊȍȡȐ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ"
— ǪȖȚ șȥȘ — ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ, Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ —
ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȧ dzȖțȊȈ Ȓ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈȔ

125
dzȖțȊ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȖșȐȓȤ-
ȡȐȒ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȦ
ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ǬȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ
ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ ȖȕȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȚȝȖȌȕțȦ ȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȒț ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǺȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȍȎțȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ș ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒȖȑ
Ǫ ȌȊțȝ ȒȈȦȚȈȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȝ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȍȝȈȊ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȌȖ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȉ ț ȌȊțȝ
ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ.
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ
ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ
ǺȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȈșșȈȎȐ-
ȘȖȊ ș ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠ" ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠ"
ǰ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȒȘțȋț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈȔ Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— ǵȍȚ
ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ț șȈȔȣȝ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȏȈȌȈȓ
șȍȌȖȑ ȔȐșșȐș Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔ ȔȈȕȚȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠ"
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ țșȓȣȠȈȓ țȚȊȍȘȌȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ șȍȌȖȑ ȔȐșșȐș țȗȈȊȠȍȑ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ
— ǴȖȑ
ǶȚȊȍȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȥȓȍȋȈȕȚȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȔ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔ-
ȍȕȖȔ ǬȐȒȒȐ ǸȍȌȖȔ, ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈ
ǹțȗȍȘ-ǫȓȖȉ-ǺȘȖȋȋȍȘ ȅȟ  ǴȈȒ ǬțȋȓȈș Ȑ Dz0.
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȋțȌȕțȓȈ șȐ-
ȘȍȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ-
ȕțȦ Ȑ șȈȓȤȕțȦ ȊȖȌț ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ȒȈȟȈȧșȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ Țȍ-
ȓȖȔ ©ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸțȏȊȍȓȤȚª ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ
ǬȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȓȦȕțȓȐ Ȑ țȠȓȐ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȍȡȍ
ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ Ȕ-ȘȈ ǿȈȘȓȤȏȈ Ǫ dzȖțȊȈ
— ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȈ ǿȈȘȓȤȏ dzȖțȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ©ǫȘȈȕȌ-ǶȚȍȓȍ» ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȓȈȒȍȍȔ ȗȖȚȍȊ-

ȠȐȔ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȣȕțȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȔțȦ șȐȋȈȘȍȚț ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ Ȑ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȓȍȏȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ
ǵȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ Ȏȍȕȣ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȈ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ — ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ
ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȉ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ dzȖțȊ ȝȖȚȍȓ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
ȊȣȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȕȣȑ
Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȋȘ Ȋ șȔȍȚȈȕȍ Ȋȣȓȍȏ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șțȝȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȗȖ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕț ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȓȐ
Ƕȕ ȒȐȗȍȓ ȖȚ ȋȕȍȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ dzȖțȊț, ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
— DzȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ" ǪȖȚ Ȑ
țȉȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȏȈȊȞȈ ǸȍȌȈ

127
DZǹǮǰǮ ǽȍȀǮȍ
ȖșȖ ȐȜȟȟȠȎțȖȓ țȓȑȞȜȐ
I
ȇ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ, ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȠȤ Ȓ ȟȐșȓț Țȍȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȍ ȊȣȚȘȈȊȐȓ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȓțȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ Țȣ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȍ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȉțȓȤȊȈ-
ȘȈȔ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ǪȖȘȖȉȤȍȊȣȝ ȋȖȘ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȚȤ șȊȖȦ țșȚȈȊȠțȦ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȋȘțȌȤ șȓȈȌȒȖȔț ȌȣȝȈȕȐȦ ȦȎ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ȆȎȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȍȑ ȓȍ-
ȚȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ șȓȣȠȈȚșȧ ȏȈȗȈȝȐ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȍșȖȊ ȘȣȒȈȕȤȍ ȓȤȊȈ Ȑ
ȏȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȓȈȑ ȋȐȍȕȣ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȚȈȔȚȈȔȖȊ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȝ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȖȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȓȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȕȈ ȘȍȏȒȖȔ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȖȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȊȗȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȠȖȘȖȝȐ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕțȦ Ȕȍ-
ȓȖȌȐȦ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȖȑ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȕȐȧ
ȒȖȓȌțȕȖȊ
DzȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ, ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ Țȣ ȏȈȟȐȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȈȔȐ ǩțșșȍȕȈȘȈ Ȑ dzțȐ ǮȈȒȖȓȐȖ — Ȉ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
Țȣ ȍȡȍ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȟȐșȓȧȚșȧ Ȋ șȗȐș-
Ȓȍ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȝ ǺȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȖ ȗȖ Ȑȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȔ Țȣ
ȏȕȈȍȠȤ — ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ǨȜȘȐȒț
Ǻȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȠȤ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȉȘȐ șȚȘȈȕȣ
Ȑ ȚȈȔ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȍȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ș ȍȌȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈșȈȌȐȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ Ȋ șȘȍȌȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ Ȑȝ
— țȗȖȘȕȣȝ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȘȈșȟȐȡȈȦȡȐȝ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋț șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȌ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ ȕȈȗȈ-

128
ȌȍȕȐȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ Ǻȣ ȊȖȓȕțȍȠȤșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ, ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȣȍ, ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȓ
ȞȍȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȖȔț
ȗȖșȍȓȒț ȏȈȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȔț Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ Țȣ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȖȚ
ȖȉȐȌȣ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚ Ȑȝ șȈȋȈȧȔȐ Ȑ ȓȐȒȖȕȋȈȔȐ ǵȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȐȒȈ-
ȘȐ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Țȣ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȒȖȕȋȘȍșșȍ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ǩțșșȍȕȈȘ Ȑ ȕȍ ǮȈȒȖȓȐȖ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȦȎȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ȠȍȗȟțȡȐȑ Țȍȉȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ȕȈ ǪȖȘȖȉȤȍȊȣ ȋȖȘȣ ȅȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȕȍȋȘ
ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ǸȖșșȐȦ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȘȍȒ ǵȍȚ —
ȚȈȔ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ǵȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȌȐȒțȦ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȟȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ǨȜȘȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǭȊȘȖȗț ǩ ȥȚȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ȊȗȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȣșȈșȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȓȦȌȖȍȌșȚȊȖȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ
ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ șȘȍȌȐ țȓȐȞ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȌȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ
Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȧșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ ȖșȚȘȐȧȔȐ ȠȈȠȍȒ Ȑ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȔ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȖșȐȊȠȐȝ ȒțșȒȈ ȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ
ǰ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȗȈșȐȉȖ ȊȈȔ
ȏȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ǬȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȔ șȊȖȉȖȌț Ȑ Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ șȖȏȌȈȌȐȔ
șȊȖȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ȑ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ ǷȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȘȈ Ƕȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ
ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȗȉ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧȝ Ȗȕ șȖȘȊȍȚ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ș ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ǩțșșȍȕȈȘȈ Ȑ ǮȈȒȖȓȐȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ
Ȑȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȖȊ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ — ȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ" Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȝ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȊȈȔȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ǨȜȘȐȒȈ — ǨȜȘȐȒȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑșșȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖȊȤȐȔȐ ȉȐȟȈȔȐ ǨȜȘȐȒȈ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȚȖȗȚȈȕ-

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ȕȈȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȤ șȈȗȖȋȖȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈ-
ȓȐȏȔȈ ǨȜȘȐȒȈ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐȝ ȕȈșȐȓȐȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȋȍȘȖȐ ǩțșșȍȕȈȘȈ Ȑ ǮȈȒȖȓȐȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍ-
ȋȘȖȊ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȖȚ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȕȍșȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȧȘȔȖ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ țȌȈȘȣ ȉȐȟȈ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȌțȦȡȐȑ ș ȦȋȈ Ȋ ȓțȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȅȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ
ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȣȒȈȕȤȍ ȓȤȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȑ ȋȐȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȌț-
ȕȈ ȅȚȖ șȚȖȕȣ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ
II
ǵȍȋȘȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȌȖ
ȞȍȕȚȘȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȚȘȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȊȍȘșȚ
ǵȍȋȘȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ șȈȝȈȘȕȣȝ
ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȑ Ȑ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȏȈ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȝȖȚȧȚ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȏ
ǵȍȋȘȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȍ-
ȒțȓȐȘțȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȧȝ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǰ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȠȗȈȓȣ Ȑ ȘȍȓȤșȣ
ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȗȖȍȏȌ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ"
ǵȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Țȣ-
șȧȟȈ ȒȊȈȓȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ șțȔȍȓȈ ȉȣ
Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ șȘȖȒ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȌȊțȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȕȍȋ-
ȘȖȊ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȍ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȉȍȏȘȈȉȖȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ
ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȈȌșȒȐȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȈ ǵȖ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ-ȕȍȋ-
ȘȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȊȣȋȖȌȕȍȍ șȖȋȕȈȚȤ ș ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤ ȌȍșȧȚ-
ȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ țȋȘȖȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȒțȗȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ȏȈȊȍȘȉȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȞȐȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȟȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȑșȒ

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Ǩ ȊȣȋȖȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — Ȋșȍ ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ ȚȈȔ
Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ȜȘȈȕȒ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȝȖȌ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȘȦȒ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȉȖȑȚȐ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ǵȖ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ șȚȘȖȑȒț ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȓȐ, șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȗȖȗȈ-
ȌȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ȗȘȐ ȏȈșȣȗȒȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȣ Ȉ ȔȖșȤȍ
ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȉ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȑșȧ șȗȍȒțȓȧȞȐȧȔȐ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ
ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒțȗȐȓ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȈȒȘȖȊ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȟȚȖ
ȕȐ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉȝȖȌȈȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ǬȖȘȖȋț ȊȍȓȐ
ȗȘȧȔȐȒȖȔ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ Țȣ-
șȧȟȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ ȕȐȏȐȕȣ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ — ȗțșȚȧȒ Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖ ȏțȉȖȊ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȑ șȘȖȒ ȖșțȠȐȚȤ ȓȦ-
ȉțȦ ȓțȎț ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ ȚȍȘȘȐ-
ȚȖȘȐȦ șȈȔȖȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ" Ǫșȍ, ȟȚȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȓȦȌșȒțȦ
ȘȈȉȖȟțȦ șȐȓț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȚȤ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ȌȈ ȒȕȖȗȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȒȖȊȠȈȔ ȏȍȔȓȍȟȍȘȗȈȓȖȒ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ
ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǵȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȕȍȋȘȈȔ ǵȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒțȦ
ȉȍȌț ȖȕȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȠȍȊȓȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȚȘțȌȈ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȦ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ȐȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȉ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ
ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȗțȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȑ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȕȍȋȘ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȐȒȈ ș ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȈȔȐ Ƕȕ
ȏȈȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȒȖȊȠȐ ȏȍȔȓȍȟȍȘȗȈȓȖȒ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ șȗȐȕȍ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐ-
ȊȈȧ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ ș ȉȖȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȚȐȕȖȑ Ȗȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȤ ȊȗȘȧȋȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ șȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȘȍȓȤșț Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȉȐȟȖȔ
ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȈ ȊȖȓȖȟȈ ȍȍ ȗȖ ȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȍ Ȗȕ ȒȈȚȐȚ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȒȈȚȖȒ țȚȘȈȔȉȖȊȣȊȈȧ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȠȖșșȍȑ-

131
ȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȑ, ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȖȉșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȐȔ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ
ǺȈȔ, ȋȌȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȚȘȖȧȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȔȕȖȦ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȕȍșȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȈȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȊȖȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ǩ ȋȌȍ ȍșȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȖȧȚ-
șȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȦȚ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȣ ȒȈȜȍ-ȠȈȕȚȈȕȣ ȐȋȖȘȕȣȍ
ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȐȔȍ-
ȕțȍȔȖȍ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ǫ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ — ȥȚȖ
ȉȍșșȐșȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȘȈșȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȒțȟȒȈ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȕȈ-
șȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȉȖȘȕȍȑȠȐȔȐ ȔȍȘȏȈȊȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȈȜȍȘȐșȚȈȔȐ ȖȉȔȈ-
ȕȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȉșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ
ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȈȜȍȘȐșȚȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȝ
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ-șȚȈȘȖȎȐȓȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȈșȍȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑ șțȌȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȣșȠȍȍ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ǴȥȘ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ș ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
șȚȈȕȍȚ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȉȐȓȍȚȈȔȐ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȋ ȔȍșȚ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖȔ ȚȍȘȗȐȔȖșȚȐ ǫȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șțȌȤȧ ȗȘȐșțȌȐȚ Ȓ ȒȈȚȖȘȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȒȘȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȈșșț ȦȊȍȓȐȘȕȖȋȖ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ Ȑ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒț
 țȒȖ-
ȒȖȠȐȓ ȗȖȟȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȦ ȗȖȟȚț șȖȌȍȘȎȈȊ-
ȠțȦ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ
ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȋȓȖ ȝȊȈșȚȈȍȚșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȈȜȍȘȈȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ Ȋ
ȘțȓȍȚȒț Ȑ ȉȈȒȒȈȘȈ ȒțȚȐȚ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȟȈȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȒȖȐȚșȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȕȖșȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȐȔ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȔȐȓȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȏț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȚ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ DzȈȒ ȐșȚȣȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ ȌȈ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȍȡȍ
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ-ȒȖȓȖȕȐȏȈȚȖȘȣ ȖȕȐ șȓȍȌțȦȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȔȖȑ ȗȖșȓȖȊȐȞȍ — ©ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȈș — ȝȖȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȗ»
ǰ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ șȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȑ șȢȍȏȎȈȦȚșȧ ȖȕȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖ-
Ȕț ȠȐȒȈȘȕȖȔț Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔț ȏȌȈȕȐȦ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ Ȓ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕț ȕȖ-
șȧȡȍȔț ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ǻȚȍȝȐ ȓȦȉȊȐª ǵȈ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈȝ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧȝ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȊȖȐȝ ȖȉțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȊȣșȖ-

132
ȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȕȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȒȈȝ Ȑ șȔȖȒȐȕȋȈȝ Ȋ ȋȘțȉȣȝ
ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȚȣȝ ȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ
ȘțȉȈȠȒȈȝ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȓȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȦȚ ȚȈȔ șȖȘȍȊȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȘȈȚȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȖȉȎȖȘ-
șȚȊȍ
Ǫ ©ǻȚȍȝȈȝ ȓȦȉȊȐª ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ dzțȟ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖȊȈȘ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ǴȈȒșȐȔȈ, ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈȠȍȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ Ǭȓȧ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȌțȒȚȖȊ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȖ-
ȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȉȍȌ
Ȋ ©ǻȚȍȝȈȝ ȓȦȉȊȐª șȚȖȐȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȔ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ — Ȉ Ȗȉ țȎȐȕȈȝ ȊȐȕȈȝ Ȑ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȊȒțșț ȏȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȒțȠȈ-
ȕȤȧȝ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ — ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȍȚ
ǰ Ȋ ©ǻȚȍȝȈȝ ȓȦȉȊȐª ȏȈȌȖȘȕȖ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȓȤȦȚșȧ Ȋ
ȉȖȒȈȓȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȊȐȕȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚșȧ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȒțȠȈȕȤȧ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȈȊȒȈȦȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȚȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȚ ȖȉȎȖȘșȚȊȈ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ șȗȓȍȚȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȜȖȒș-
ȚȘȖȚȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȣ
III
ǵȍȋȘȣ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ǫ ȌȊȈ
ȟȈșȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȚȘȐ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ
șȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȓ șȒȓȈȌȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȚȈȔ șȊȖȦ ȌȕȍȊȕțȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ
Ȕȧșȕȣȝ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȊȧȓȍȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȖȗȟȍ-
ȕȖȑ Șȣȉȣ ǸȈȏȌȈȚȟȐȒȐ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȉȈȕȒȐ Ȑ Șȣ-
ȉț ȊȣȌȈȊȈȧ șȘȈȏț ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȧșȤ ș ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔȐ ȈȘȐȜȔȍȚȐȒȐ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȕȍ șȔȍȦȚ ȊȖȏȘȈ-
ȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊșȚțȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȘȍȒȈȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ șȚȖȧȚ
ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȕȧȦȚ ȉȐȟȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȠȒȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȖȘȞȐȧ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ
ȌȈȟȐ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȣ
ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȐ-
ȡț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ țȚȘȈ — țȚȘȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȕȖȟȐ.

133
ǰ Ȋ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ Țȍ ȌȊȍ ȉȈȕȒȐ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȐȝ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȝ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ
ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ șȓțȟȈȍȊ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȣ Ȋ ȗȐȡț ǸȈȏȌțȚȣȍ ȉȖȒȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȈȕȖȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ
ș ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȠȐȗȍȕȤȍȔ Ȑ ȊȖȕȦȟȐȍ ȋȈȏȣ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ
ȋȕȐȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǵȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Țȍ ȒȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǹȖȚȕȐ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ, ȕȈȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȒȍ ȕȍȌȖ-
ȉȘȖȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȊ ȗȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȞȍȕȈȔ ǰ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȋȕȐȦȡțȦ ȌȘȧȕȤ
ȗțȝȕțȚȤ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȢȍȌȈȦȚ ȗțȌȣ ȗȍȘȊȖșȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ
ǫȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȣ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȌȖ șȔȍȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȏȒȐ ǫȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ
ȘȈȏȘȧȌț ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ǵȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȚȟȐȒȐ ȗȐȡȐ ȕȐ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ
ȕȐ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ©ǻȚȍȝ ȓȦȉȊȐª ȕȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȡȐȒȐ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ ȒȖȕ-
șȍȘȊȖȊ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈșȚȈȚȤ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȕȈȧ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗțȟȒȖȔ Șȣȉȣ ȗȖȓȍȚȐȚ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ȘȈȏȌȈȚȟȐȒȈ Ȉ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐȑ ȉȐȟȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ șȔȧȚ
ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ǺȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐ ȕȍȋ-
Șȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖȑșȒȈ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȎȤȧȝ Ȉ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȗ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖ-
ȗȍǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȚȟȐȒ ǼȘȈȕșțȈ ȊȣȗȓȦȕțȓ ȗȈȘț ȏțȉȖȊ Ȑ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȒȈ ȌȊȈ ȖȚȉȖȘȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǹȊȍȘȒȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈȗȐȘȈȊȠȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȍ Ȗȕ șȟȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǵȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȞȍȓȤ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȕȖȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȝȓȣȕțȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȍ
ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȖȕȐ ȘȐ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȚȟȐȒȈ șȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ș ȕȖȋ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȖ-
șȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȕȖȔ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔȣȑ ȐȔ șȒȓȈȌ

134
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓȐ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ șȒȓȈȌȈȔ, ȋȌȍ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ
ǴȍșȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȋȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȋȖ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȉ
ȊȖȑșȒȈ — șȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ
ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋșȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȝ
DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ ȋȍȘȖȑ ǹȖȔȔȣ Ȑ ǴȈȘȕȣ ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑ
ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒț ǷȖȟȍȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȚȖȓ-
ȗț ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡțȦșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔț Ƕȕ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ
ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ, ȊșȈȌȐȊ ȍȑ Ȋ ȉȖȒȈ ȠȗȖȘȣ, ȉȍȠȍȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț
ǵȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȊȏȔȣȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȧ ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȗțȚȤ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ Țț țȓȐȞț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȌțȋȖȊȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ©ǻȚȍȝȐ
ȓȦȉȊȐª
IV
ǴȖșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȍȓȖ ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȊȣȠȍ
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ ȏȈ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ țȟȈșȚȒȐ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȓȖșț ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȒțȚȐȓ ȒțȚȐȓ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȐȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȐȌȣ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȖȚ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȘȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎȍȓȈȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ, ȕȍ
șȗȐȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ǪȍșȤ ȏȈȓ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȊȘȖȌȍ ǬȈȕȚȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȟȐșȚȐȓȐȡȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȗȖșȍȚȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȚȈȕȞțȦ-
ȡȐȝ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȓțȗȤȧȕȣȝ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȣȝ ȗȈȘ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȔ ȚȈȕȞȍ
ǹȈȔ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ, țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȉțȚȣȓ-
ȒȈȔȐ, Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȔ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖȔ Ƕȕ ȊȣȒțȗȈȓ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȍ ș ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȐȔ ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȣ ȚȈȕ-
ȞȖȊȡȐȞ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈȏȉȈȊȐȊ ȥȚț ȊȈȕȕț ȈȉșȍȕȚȖȔ ȒȖȒȚȍȑȓȍȔ
ȊȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȘȖȔȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ

135
ȕȣȘȕțȊ Ȋ ȥȚț șȔȍșȤ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚ ȌȦȎȐȕț țșȚȘȐȞ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȓȍȉ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȊ ǵȈȠȓȖșȤ ȌȊȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȝ șȒȐȌȣ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȝ ș șȍȉȧ șȔȖȒȐȕȋȐ, Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȖȗȣȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ șȚȖȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖȗȘȖȒȐ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȒțȚȧȡȍȔț șȗȍȒț-
ȓȧȕȚț
— ǴșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȒȈȓȣ ȊȏȌȘȖȋ-
ȕțȓȐ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȐ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ
ȗȖȊȖȌț șȚȖȓȤ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ — ǴșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ
— Ǩ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ —
ǹȚȈȒȈȕ șȔȍșȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
— ǴșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȧ
— ǹȚȈȒȈȕ șȔȍșȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț Ȑ — ȗȍȑȚȍ, ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǴșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ...
— ǹȖȘȖȒ ȓȍȚ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ǿȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚȍșȤ?
— ǵȍȋȘȣ ȔșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ǵȍȋȘȣ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ? ǹȌȖȝȓȐ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ?
— ǽțȎȍ ǪȖșșȚȈȓȐ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȓȐ
ǹȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȏȊȍș-
ȚȐȐ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȕȕȍ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ
ȕȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȝ ȗȈȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ-
șȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȍȔț ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ
— ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȊȣȗȍȑȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ǵȖ ȔșȤȍ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ǶȕȐ țȉȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȚȟȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȖȘțȎȐȓȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȦ
ȖȕȐ ȐȌțȚ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȖȕȐ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ Ǩ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȧ — ȗȓȍȊȈȚȤ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ
9
ǷȓȦȕțȚȤ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ǸȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ Ȑ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ

136
ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕț ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ ȒȈȒ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȊȈȓ Ȋ ȊȐȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȕȕȍ ș ȘȈȏȔȖȏȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȗȖȑȒȐ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȕȤȦ ȗȣȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȒȕȖ Ȑ ȒȘȣȠț ȗȣȓȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǪȖș-
șȚȈȕȐȍ ȘȖșȓȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȘȈȑȖȕȣ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȖȑȒȐ Ȉ Ȓ țȚȘț ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ
ǸȈȏȉȐȚȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǬȦȗȖȕȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ
ȋȖȓȣȍ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȣ țȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȖȊ
șȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȖȍ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ ȉȐȘȎȍ: ȚȘȈȕșȈȜȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ș Șȍȏ-
ȊȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȕȒȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ șȚȖȐȊȠȐȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȐȒȈȔ ǷȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȓȖȊȐȓȐ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ Ȑ șȓțȝȐ Ȑ ȉȍ-
ȠȍȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȚȘȈȕșȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȈȒȞȐȐ
ǬȖ ȌȊțȝ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȍȕȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ dzȦȌȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȒ țȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧ ȔȈȒȓȍȘȖȊ ȔȈȒȓȍȘȣ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȉȐȘȎȍȊȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚ ȚȘȈȕșȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ
ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȏȈ ȖȌȕț ȚȘȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȖȔȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȐ ǷȖ-
ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȓȐ
ȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȞȈ ȏȈȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȌȖș-
ȒȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȞȐȜȘȣ ȊȖȏȊȍȡȈȊȠȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȈȒȞȐȐ
șȚȖȧȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȕȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕ-
șȒȖȔ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȐ ȐȋȘȈȓ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǺȈȑȕț ȥȚȖȑ ȐȋȘȣ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȖȑ ȗȈȕȐȒȐ
ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȈșȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȉȍșȍȌțȍȚ ș Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȍȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ǫ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȍ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȊȐȌȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ ȉȓȖȒȕȖȚȣ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȕȌȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȐșȧȔȐ, ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȠȍșȚȐȏȕȈȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȞȐȜȘ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ? — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȍȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȐȕȐ-
șȚȘț — ȇ șȒțȗȈȦ șȒțȗȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȈȒȞȐȐ ȗȖ ȚȖȑ Ȟȍȕȍ ȒȈȒțȦ ȌȈȦ
ȧ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȚșȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǭȌȊȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȞȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚ Ȟȍȕț ȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡț șȒțȗȒț Ȑ ȈȒȞȐȐ

137
șȕȖȊȈ șȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ ȊȕȐȏ ǶȚ ȊȈș ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǯȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȈ-
ȔȣȔ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ǴȐȕȐșȚȘ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȖȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ ȇ ȐȔȍȦ
ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ȊȣșȓȈȚȤ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
— ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ ȘȈșȚȧȎȐȔȖȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǷȖșȓȈȚȤ
ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȦ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȠțȚȖȟȕȖȍ ǷȘȐ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȋțȚ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ șțȚȖȒ Ǩ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǨȒȞȐȐ ȉțȌțȚ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
— ǷȖ ȕȈș ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȖșȧȚ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȉț-
ȠțȦȚ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȋȐȉȕțȚ șȖȚȕȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ
— DzȈȒȐȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ" — Ǫșȧ ȥȚȈ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ
ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȟȍȔ Țȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȌțȊȈȓȐ ǭșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȉȤȦȚ ȚȖ ȕȍ-
țȎȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ țȔȕȣȝ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȍȊ ȕȈ șȔȍȕț" ǷȖȓȕȖȚȍ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ǰ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ — Ȋȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ, ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȓȈȚȕȖ ǩțȌȍȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȇ ȊȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦ ȈȒȞȐȐ ȕȈ șȚȖ Țȣ-
șȧȟ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȗȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȑ Ȟȍȕȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȐ
ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔțȚșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȈ ǷȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ
ǹȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȡȐȚț șȖșȍȌȍȑ-Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȔȍȌȓȐȚ ȔȍȚȘȖȗȖȓȐȧ"
ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ" ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȗȈșȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ" ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ
ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ, ȊȍȌțȚ ȒȘțȗȕțȦ
ȐȋȘț Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȟȈȚ ȘȖȊȕȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ șȈȔȐȝ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȋȘȣ
-
9,
dzȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȣ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ ©ȉȐȘȎȈª țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ

138
ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒțȗȒȈ ȚȘȈȕșȈȜ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȈȒȞȐȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȚȖȧȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕț
ȗȧȚțȦ ȕȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǵȈ ȉȐȘ-
Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȧ ȥȚȖȔț Ȍȍȓț ȐȋȘț Ȋ Ȓȓțȉȍ, Ȑ
ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ, ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕțȦ ȓȈȒȍȍȔ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ƕȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȐ ȅȚțȈȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȗȖ
ȈȓȓȍȧȔ ǩțȓȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȈȘț-ȌȘțȋțȦ ȌȕȍȊȕȣȝ ȊȐȏȐ-
ȚȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȠȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȍ ș ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ Ȋ ȉȈȒȒȈȘȈ Ǫ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȈȘȍ ȐȋȘȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȉȈȕȒț Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȓȈȒȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȗȖȌȕȖș, ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ
ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ș ȉȓȈȕȒȖȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ǵȍ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȧ
ȐȋȘȣ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ
ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘȈȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓ Ȗȕ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȓ ȊșȒȘȣȓ
ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ
ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȚȘȖȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȚȤ
ș ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȍȑ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȐȔ Ȋ
țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ
— ȇ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȚȤ ȐȋȘț ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘȈȔ — Ǵȍȕȧ șȘȖȟȕȖ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȗȖ ȔȍșȚț
șȓțȎȉȣ ȇ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ, — Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ, ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ, — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȉțȌț ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȑ Ȕȣ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȑȚȐ ȍȔț ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ ȊșȓȍȌ
— ǬȈ ȏȈȉȍȘȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ, Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ — Ȋȣ șȕȧ-
ȓȐ ȉȈȕȒ
Ƕȕ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȠȍȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȉȈȕȒȖȊȣȍ ȉȐȓȍȚȣ
ȌțȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȧȚșȧ, ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐ-
Ȓȍ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȖȚ ȒȓțȉȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȗȖȔȟȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ, ȚțȌȈ
ȋȌȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȖȔ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ȗȖȓțȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȑ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔ ǶȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț șȓȖȊț ȓȍȚȕȖȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȒȘȈșȐȊ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȊ
ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȘȖȊȕțȦ ș

139
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȐ ȊȣȊȍȘȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȢȧ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȗțșȒ ȖȝȘȈȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȔȐȕțȧ Ȗș-
Ȋȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȝ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȍ Șȍȑșȣ ȕȈȌ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ǹȓțȠȈȧ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ
Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȈ ȠȖȜȍȘ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȘȧȌȈ ȈȕȋȈȘȖȊ
ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȐ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȘȧȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
Ǫ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ Ȋșȍȝ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȚȐȗȖȊ Ǭȍ dzȖȘȔ ȓȍȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȐșȚ-
ȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȍ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ șȚȣȟȒȍ ș ȌȐȒȈȘȧȔȐ
ȍȋȖ ȐȋȘțȠȒȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȍȊ ș ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ
— ǵe ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ — ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȐȔ ȕȈȌ
ǫȐȉȘȈȓȚȈȘȖȔ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧȔȐ ǵȈȠȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ǷțșȚȤ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ
Ȕȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȔ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ȅȚȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ șȟȍȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍșȒȐȔ Ȑ ș
ȖșȖȉȣȔ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȕȍȑ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȕȈȌ șȖȕ-
ȕȣȔ ǷȈȘȐȎȍȔ ȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ Ȧȋț
VII
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȍȑ
Ǭȓȧ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȈ ȌȈ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȥȚȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐ-
ȞȐȐ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ țȊȍșȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȍȚ Ȋ țȟȍȉȕȖ-ȔȈȕȍȊȘȖȊțȦ ȊȣȓȈȏȒț Ǩȥ-
ȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȗȖșȓțȠȕȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșț, ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȈȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȗȉțȟȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȓ-

140
ȌȈȚȣ Ȋ ȘȖȚȍ ǷȖȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
Ȍțȓ ș șȍȊȍȘȈ țȔȕȖȎȈȧ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ ȕȐȟȚȖ
ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ
ǷȘȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ
ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ șȕȐȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗțȋȕțȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȓ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ș ǨȓȎȐȘȖȔ ȖȉȓȈșȚȍȑ
ȅșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȕȖ Ȑ
ȜȐȋțȘȣ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ
ǹȊȍȘȝț ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ
șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȋȘțȏ Ȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ
Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȓȤȊȈ ȊȣȓȍȏȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȣ-
ȓȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȍȋȖȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȍȊ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȍȓȧȔ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ țȋȖșȚȐȓ ȞȈȘȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȌȖȎ-
ȌȍȔ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȕȣȝ ȗțȓȤ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȣȘȣȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ dzȍȊ șȚȖȧȓ
ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ Ȑ ȘȣȟȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȝ
ȓȈȗ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȕȐȏț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȌȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȚțȈȘȍ-
ȋȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȝ ȅȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȎȐȊțȡȐȍ Ȋ
șȈȔȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ, ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǺȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȕȍ
ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ dzȦ-
ȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗțȋȕțȚȤ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȈȝȈȘȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐ-
ȓȖ Ȑȝ șȕȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȚțȟȐ ȗȍșȒȈ Ȑ ȖșȣȗȈȧ ȐȔ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ǹȈȔțȔ Ƕȕ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȚȈȔ, ȊȕȐȏț ȋȌȍ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ
ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȗȍșȒȈ ȋȌȍ
ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȉțȘȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ Ƕȕ
șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȖȈȏȐșȖȊ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ ȊȝȖȌȣ Ȑ ȖȒȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȐȓȐȡ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȍȓȧ șȚȘȈțșȖȊ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ Ȑ ȓȤȊȖȊ

141
ǵȖ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ, ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȒțȌȈ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȊȏȔȍ-
Țȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȔ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȍ șȚȘțȐ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȝȘțȗȒȐȝ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ȍȓȧ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘȖȊ ȚȍȘȧȦȡȐȝ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ
ȖȉȖȘȖȚȖȊ Ȍȓȧ Ȑȝ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȐ Ȑ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ
ȊȊȍȘȝ — ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȉȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȗȍșȒȈ ȕȍȚ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȝ
ȗȖȘȣȊȖȊ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ ǪȏȧȚȤ ȊȣșȖȚț!
ǺȈȒȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȌȈȕȖ ș ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ
Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ǭȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ Ȑ ȝȘțȗȒȐȑ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȔȈȠȐȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȖȔȓȍȕ Ȑ șȉȐȚ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ Ƕȕ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȏȈșȚȘȍȊȈȓ Ȋ ȚțȟȈȝ ȗȍșȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȑ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȓȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȔ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȘțȒȍ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȈ ǵȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ
Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȚțȌȈ, Ȋ ȗțș-
ȚȣȕȦ Ȋ ȎȍȘȓȖ șȈȔțȔȈ Ȋ ȚțȟȐ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍșȒȈ.
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȊȠȐȑșȧ
șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ
ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ǩ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ ǶȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖȓȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȓȈ
Ȋ ȠȚȖȗȖȘ ǭȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȘȖșȓȐ Ȓ ȘȣȟȈȋȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȊȖȓȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȟȒț Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǵȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ, ȉȖȘȖȊȠȐȑșȧ ș ȉțȘȍȑ
ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ Ȋȏȧȓ ȊȣșȖȚț Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ Ȍȍ
dzȖȘȔȈ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȍșȒȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȣȠȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ
ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓșȧ
ȘțȓȦ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȘțȓȤ, ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȖȔȈȕ ǹȗȍȘ-
ȊȈ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȍ ȚțȟȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȠȈȦȚ ȗȖȌȢȍȔț
ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȕȐȎȈȦȚ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ǫȐȉȍȓȤ
ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖȑ Ǫșȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȠȍȕțȦ șȒȖ-
ȘȖșȚȤ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȊȓȍȒȈȍȔȣȑ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ
ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǺȖȟȕȖ țȟȍșȚȤ ȥȚț șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ
ȚȖȔț ș ȒȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȊȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ ȘȈȏȖȘ-

142
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ, ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ
șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ, ȎȌȈȓ Ȗȕ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖ-
ȓțȟȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȓȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ, șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȗȍșȒȈ Ȑ țȘȈ-
ȋȈȕȈ dzȍȚȟȐȒȐ ș țȎȈșȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȚțȌȈ
ȋȌȍ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȕȈȓȍ-
ȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȊȐȝȘȧ șȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝȈȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȚȈȕȞȍ ǹ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȟȒț ǵȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȣ
ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȧ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȈ DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ ȕȖ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȈȔ, ȊȕȐȏț, Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȌȖ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȖ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ǨȊȐȈȚȖȘȣ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ Ȋ ȟțȌȖ, Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ȗȈȓ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ șȈȔțȔȈ
VȆ
ǴȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț șȈȔțȔ șȚȈȓ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȘȍȌȍȊȠȐȍ ȚțȟȐ ȗȍșȒȈ
ǭȔț ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȘȧȌȖȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȋ
ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ
șȚȘțȑ Ȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȟȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȊȕȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ ȊȕȐȏț ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȖȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓȍȚȐȚ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȌ ȗțșȚȣȕȍȑ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȓȍșȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȋȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȍ țȕȣȕȐȍ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖ-
ȚȖȘ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȊȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ
ȗȍȘȍȉȖȐ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ
ǵȖ ȊșȍȔ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ǵȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȉȈȔȐ Ȗȕ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ
ȗȖȓȖȔȖȒ Ȋ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȍ-ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȉȐȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȗȍșȖȒ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȗȖȓȍȚț ǯȈȗȈș ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ
ȐȔȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ șȗțșȒȈ ȚȖ Ȗȕ șțȔȍȓ ȉȣ ȕȈȋȕȈȚȤ ȥș-
ȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȦ ǷȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȕ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ șȗțșȒȈ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȑȏȉȍȋ-

143
ȕțȚȤ Țȍȝ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȌ
ȓȍșȐșȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ȅȚȖ ȍȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȏȧȊ ȗȈȘț
șȖȚȍȕ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȗȖȓȧȕȒț, ȌȖ-
șȚȈȚȖȟȕțȦ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȗțșȒȈ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȈ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ,
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȈ ș ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȖȑ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ș ȕȍȍ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ
ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȝȊȖșȚȈȚȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșȒȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȊȐșȕțȊ ȊȕȐȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȈ ǭe ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ ȍȑ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȝ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝț ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ ǷȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ
țȌȈȟȕȖȔ ȉȘȖșȒȍ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȓȐȓȈ ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȍșȚȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ǫ ȍȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈșȚȣȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ Ȉ ȍȍ țȠȒȐ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈ-
ȕȐȦ DzȈȒȖȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȒȈȟȍ-
ȓȧȔ ȌȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȈȖȚ-
ȞȍȊ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȍ ȒȈȟȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ
ȝȊȖșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȈȝ
ǰȚȈȒ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ Ȋ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȓȍșț țșȚȘȖȐȓȈ ȈȚȚȘȈȒ-
ȞȐȖȕ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǰ țșȚ-
ȘȖȐȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ
Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ȘȍȠȐȓ șȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȚȘȖ-
ȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ
Ǭȍ dzȖȘȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕț ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȍȘȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȓȐșȚ-
Ȋȍ ǵȖ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ șȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ Ȑ Ȍȍ
dzȖȘȔȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ, ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȍȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȓȧȕț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
Ǫ ȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȍȒȓȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ǪȖȚ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ș ȕȍȉȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȊȍȘȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȗȈȍȚ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȖ
ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ țȌȘȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȕȖȦ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȊȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ǰ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț țȑȌț ȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȊȍȘȤ Ȕȍȕȧ

144
ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȖȗȈȓ ȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȑ
ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ
ǹȓȍȌțȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖȑ ȌȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȍ, ȖȕȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ
ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȓȐșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȚȐȞț ș
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȍȘȚȧȡȐȔșȧ ȒȓȦȊȖȔ Ƕȕ
ȓȍȋȒȖ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȒț Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȌȍȘȍȊț, ȖȉȓȦȉȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȖȑ
— ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȒȖȚȐȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȗȈȚȤ
— ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȋșȚȊț ǵȖ Ȋ Țț șȈȔțȦ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȗȚȐȞȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ ȒȘțȚȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȓȦȊȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȖșȔȍȓȍȓȈ Ȑ
ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȗȚȐȞȈ ș Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȊȣȔ ȒȓȦȊȖȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ǵȖ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒȍ ǵȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȚȐ-
Ȟȣ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ș ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǩțȌȤ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȌȖ-
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ, șȐȌȍȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ, șȖșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ș ȕȍȍ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȊȖȍ, ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ… ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț, ț ȗȚȐȞȣ șȕȧȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ƕȉȍ-
ȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȉ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ Ȑȝ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ, țȊȐȌȍȓȈ, ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ țșȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț, țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ
ȕȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȦ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȌȖș-
ȚȖȑȕȈȧ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȘț-
ȒȖȍ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȎȈȓȒȐȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ǶȕȖ ȊȏȧȓȖ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
ȘțȒ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȖ șȕȧȚȤ ȍȍ ș ȠȍȐ ǻȊȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖ ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȍȑ ȌȖ ȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖșȔȖȚȘ
șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘț ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ȝȖȌ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȘȖȕȐȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȊȠȍȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȓȍșȈ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȉȍȌț

145
IX
ǪȖȏȕȧ ș ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ ȖȚȕȧȓȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȟȍȔ
ȘȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍșȕțȦ ȗȖȓȧȕț,
ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ șȊȍȚȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈȡȈ ȓȍșȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ, ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ, ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚțȗȈȓȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȗțȋȈȓȈ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȖȔ
Ǭȍ dzȖȘȔ ȕȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȓȍșȈ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ
șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ șȐȓ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ǶȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȈȏ
ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȟȐȡȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȈȉȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȍșȟȐȕȖȒ Ȑ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț,
ȉȍȏ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȈ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ ǺȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ ȓȍșȈ șȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȍȍ, șȈȔȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȝșȧ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȖȔ ȊșȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȟȍȊȒȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ
ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȍȔț ȌȈ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȓȍșȐșȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȑ, ȌȍȘȎȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ șȖș-
ȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǻȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈ-
ȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȊȓȍȏȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȖ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȍȔȕțȚȤ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȖȘȖȝ Ȋ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǷȘȧ-
ȔȖȑ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȓțȟ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȝȊȖ-
șȚțȦ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȕȣȘȕțȊȠțȦ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍ Țȧ-
Ȏȍȓȣȝ, șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ
ǪȐȌ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȈ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȔȣșȓȐ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ Ƕȕ ș ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȓȍșȈ ȉȘȖȌȧȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȍȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȉȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȍȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚ-
ȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈ ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ
țȠȍȑ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȠȖȘȖȝȖȊ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȌȖ șȐȝ
ȗȖȘ ȔȈȓȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ
Ǭȍ dzȖȘȔ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȔ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǭȍ ȧȏȣȒ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȟțȎȌȣȔ Ȑ

146
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȖșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ș ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȓșȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊț șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋț ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȐȓȐȓșȧ
ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Țȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ țȘȖȒȐ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚ-
ȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋț DzȈȒȐȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ" DzȈȒȈȧ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȍȔț ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȔț Ȋ ȟȈȡț ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖ-ȈȜ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȖȊ" ǪȖȌȧȚșȧ ȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȓȤȊȣ șȓȖȕȣ ȗȈȕ-
ȚȍȘȣ" ǶȗȈșȍȕ ȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȓȖȕ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȐ șȓȖȕ Ȋȣ-
ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȖȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȓȧȕț? ǵȐ ȕȈ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ȚȈȧȚșȧ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȐ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȗȖ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ
ǵȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȖșȚȘȧȧ șȓțȝ, Ȗȕ ȊȗȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ
șȚȍȕț ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȌȣȠȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȧȕȣȔȐ
ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȈȔȐ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȕȍ-
ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ șȚȊȖȓȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ ǪȖȚ
ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȈȌȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȝȘțșȚȧȡȐȑ șțȝȖșȚȖȑ ǪȖȚ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȧȚ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȍ ǪȖȚ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȊȧȔ
ȉȓȐȎȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȕȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȧȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȒțȏȖȊț ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ țȑȚȐ
ȗȖȌ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋț ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
ȊȐȌȧȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȋȖ ȎȈȓ-
ȒȖȋȖ Ȑ șȓȍȗȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ƕȕ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ ǭȔț ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȓȐȞȖ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȧ șȗȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ș ȌȐȒȐȔ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ Ƕȕ ȉȖȘȍȚșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȕȖ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȊȖȓȐ ȒȘȐȒ șȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȍȋȖ ȋțȉ Ȉ ȘțȒȈ Țȧ-
ȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘț ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ șȊȖȐ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈ-
ȏțȔȕȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȕȖ ȔȣșȓȐ șȉȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ Ȓțȟț ȒȈȒ șȚȈȌȖ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȊȍȞ Ȑ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȗțȓȦ

147
ȏȈ ȗțȓȍȑ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȚȤȔȍ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȒțșȚȈȝ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȚ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȗȈȊȠȐȑ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȧȋțȈȘ ȉȤȍȚ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ, ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȍȎȈșȤ ȘȖȍȚ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ, ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȖȔ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȊȍȚȒț ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
șȊȖȐȔ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍ-
ȓȍ ǷțȓȐ ȊȘȍȏȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȥȝȖ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȖȊ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȈȝ ȓȍșȈ
ǰ ȊșȓȍȌ ȥȚȖȔț ȥȝȖ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȌțȠț ȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȋȖ șȖȑȚȐ ș țȔȈ ȖȚ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ
ȃ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ǼȖȒș ǭȋȖ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ șȖȉȈȟȐȑ șȓțȝ țȓȖ-
ȊȐȓ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȏȊțȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔ șțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȎȕȣȔ ȓȈȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ țȠȍȑ ȠțȔȣ
ǩȐȕȋȐ ȘȈȏȉțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȈȍȔ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ șȖȉȈ-
Ȓț ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ Ȗȉ-
șȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȕȖ, țȓȖȊȐȊ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ țșȍȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȒȘȍ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ ȘȈșȚȖȓȒȈȓ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ǺȖȚ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȍȊȕțȓ
— ǹȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ ǹȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ
ǬȊȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȕȈ
ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ
șȚȘȍȓȤȉȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ, ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘț-
ȋț, ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ
— ȅȚȖ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ
— ȅȚȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ǭȔț ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ Ƕȕ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȐȟȈȍȚ Ƕȕ șȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȟțȚȒȐȑ
șȓțȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț

148
— ȅȚȖ, ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ, ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ" — ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȘȈș-
șȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ
— ǵȍȚ — ǩȐȕȋȐ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ. — ȅȚȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȚțȌȈ? Ǩ ǩȐȕ-
ȋȐ? — ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ! ǵȖȟȤȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȓȍșȖȔ
— ǵȈș ȌȊȖȍ Ȑ ǼȖȒș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǺȈȔ
ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȍȔț, ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȗȖȑȚȐ ǩȐȕȋȐ
ǶȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ țșȚȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ǪȐȒ-
ȚȖȘ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ, Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȖ-
ȔȐȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ șȒȖ-
ȊȣȊȈȓȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ
șȈȔȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘșȚ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȐȓȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕțȚ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȈ ǵȈ ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȓȍșȈ ȕȍȋȘ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȋ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȗȈșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȧșȤ ș ǪȐȒȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȔț
șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ȖȉȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȣ ȌȘțȋ
Ȗ ȌȘțȋȍ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍșȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȏȊțȒȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ
ȗțȚȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȒȈȘȚȣ ǿȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȥȚȈ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ? ǪȘȈȋȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȧȚ ȖȕȐ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț? ǷȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȔ ȥȚȈ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ" Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐ țșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ — ȚȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȖȘȍȚșȧ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑ, șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț, șȚȘȍȓȤȉȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕ ǵȈȌȖ
ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ. ǬȊȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ, ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏȉȍȋ-
ȕțȊȠȐȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ǿțȊșȚȊȖ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȐȔ ȖȉȖȐȔ ǵȈ șȍȉȍ ȖȕȐ Ȑș-
ȗȣȚȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ Țȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ
ǰ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȓȖ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ, Ȑ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȤ
ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȓȍșț

149
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ǼȖȒș ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ ȍȘȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ, ȕȍ
ȘȐșȒțȧ ȗȘȣȋȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȤȔț ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȊȠțȦșȧ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ ǪȐȒȚȖȘț
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ƿȍș ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ ȕȖșȖȔ ȚȧȊ-
Ȓȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊȠȍȍ Ȑȏ- ȗȖȌ
ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȑ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȍ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȕȐ
ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖșȚȤȦ
Ȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖșȚȤȦ
— Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȖȉȖȑȔț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ Ȉ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊșȓțȠȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȥȝȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ șȚȖ, șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ǭe ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ ȚȘȍ-
șȒȖȚȕȦ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȘȖȊȕȣȑ Ȑ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȕȣȑ ȏȈșȚȈ-
ȊȐȊȠȐȑ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȚȤ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǩȐȕȋȐ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȐȓȐ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
ȐȓȐ… ȉȍȎȐȔ ǩȍȎȐȔ șȒȖȘȍȍ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȈȡț țȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȋȘȈ
;,
Ǭȍ dzȖȘȔ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȚȤȔȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ
ȖȉȖȑȔț ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠțȦșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ. ǭȡȍ ȌȊȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȕȣ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ
Ȋ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȍ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȉȣȓ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ƕ ȗțȓȍȔȍ-
Țȍ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ, Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ șȍȓȈ
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȚ ȕȈȉȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ ȗȍșȒȈ
Ƕȕ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȋȚȧȝ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȖȒȘț-
ȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȓȧȕț șȖȚȕȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍȌȧȚ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ Ǫ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ Ȗȕ ȔȍȚȕțȓ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȓțȟȖȔ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȧȘȟȍ ȖȡțȚȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ

150
ȉȍșșȐȓȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
ȚȤȔȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȊ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȒțșȚ țșȍȧȕȕȣȑ
ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔȖșȚȤ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȍȋȖ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ
Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȐȡȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ DzȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȑșȧ ȓțȟ ȌȘȖȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȒ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘȈ ǹ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȚȖȘț ȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȝȖȌ Ȑ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȐȕȚȈ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈ-
ȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȊțȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȘȍȊȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǵȍ ȘȈȏ, ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȊȧȔ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ, ȒȈȒ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ,
ȓȖȔȈȊȠȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȞȈ șȓȖȕȣ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȓȖȊȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȐȉȒȐȔȐ ȧȋțȈȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȚțȗȈȓȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȉȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȌȘȖȎȈ-
ȓȈ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȥȚȐ ȌȐȒȐȍ șȝȊȈȚȒȐ Ǫ ȍȍ țȠȈȝ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȤȦ ȋȘȖȔȖȊ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȘȍȊ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍș-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȠȒȐ ȉȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȉȖȚȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓșȚȖȒȖȎȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȧ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȕȖȑ
ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȖȕȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȟȈȚ ȓȤȊȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȖȝȖ-
Țț Ȉ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȍșȤ ȓȍș șȚȖȕȈȓ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔȐ
ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧȔȐ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȖ ȌȐȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ ǶȕȈ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȊțȒȈȔ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ, ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȤȍ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖȍ,
ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖȍ ȔțȘȓȣȒȈȕȤȍ
ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȕȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȏȊțȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȓ
Ȋșȍ, ȌȖșȍȓȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȍ țȠȐ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ șȚȖȧȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȏȒȖ, ȕȍȖ-
ȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ șȖ șȚȘȈȝț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȖ ȘȈȊȕȖ-
ȊȍșȐȍ Ȑ țȗȈȓȖ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȖȊȕțȚȘȤ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ Ǫ Ȑșȗțȋȍ
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȈȓȒȐ
Ȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘȖȎȈȊȠȐȔ ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
șȚȘȈȝȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȍ

151
Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȧȋțȈȘ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȖȋȕțȚȈȧ
ȗȘțȎȐȕȈ, ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ șțȒȈ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȓȟ-
ȒȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȌȔȧȓ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȈ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓȖ șȊȖȐ ȒȖȋȚȐ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ Ȑ
ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȒțșȐȓȖ ȍȔț ȋȖȘȓȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊșȒȐȕțȓȖ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț
Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȓȍșț
ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȓȧȕȣ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȉȍȋțȡȍȔț ȗȖ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕț ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈ-
ȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȓȈȍȔ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǼȖȒș
— ǬȍȘȎȐ ȍȋȖ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȉȍȏ ȗȐȓȖȚȈ Ȋ ȋȓț-
ȉȐȕȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ǺȈȒȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ
ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖ ǪȐȒȚȖȘț ȕȍȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȚȈȓȧȝ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚ ș ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȔȟȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧȔ Ȑ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȍ
— ǩȐȕȋȐ ǽȊȖșȚ ǽȊȖșȚ ǩȐȕȋȐ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȧ
șȉȖȒț Ȑ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȧ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ
ǵȍȋȘ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ, țȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ,
șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȝȊȖșȚ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓ
ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ș țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ șȗțȋȕțȚȈȧ ȐȔ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ș ȎȈ-
ȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔ Ƕȕ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȡțȗȈȊ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ,
țȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ Ȑ ǼȖȒșȈ ȊȞȍȗȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȖșȓȈȉȍ-
ȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ țșȐȓȐȧȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ǩȐȕȋȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȐ — Ȋ ȟȍȔ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧ, ȌȍȓȖ ǹȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȐ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȣ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕț șȐȌȍȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȍ ȓțȎț ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ Ȓț-
șȖȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍ ȖșȚȣȊȠȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȔȧșȖȔ, ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ǼȖȒșȖȔ ț ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȗȘȐȔȧȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȖȚȢȍȝȈȓ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȔȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ

ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈșȕȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȐȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊț ȗȘȍȍȔșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǹ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑȝ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ș ȗȘȐșȒȖȘȉȐȍȔ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ Ȗ
ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȈ Ȍȍ dzȖȘȔȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȓȍȚȈ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ǹȖ ȊȚȖȘȣȔ — ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȈ Ȑȏ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȍȋȘ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ǼȖȒș ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȉȥ-
ȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ
ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȧ ȕȈȐȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȔȈȓȖȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ
ȕȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȌțȔȈȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ ȓȐ
Ȗȕ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ