/
Автор: Паолуччи Ф.
Теги: древний и античный мир история история гладиаторов
ISBN: 978-5-366-0020
Год: 2007
Текст
T\
...
- r
,{!
:
.,
f
..'" .. ......
"-..:",:.'
,.
:
"'.a
. 'to,
'''I-.'' '"
... ..- ......
" . '.
.
.,,
.......;,
.. '
;
,,
.!.
:: ",
.
: "...... -;.. ..""
--:
...,..:.
.
..,'- -
11[ "'L.
. -.:,,- =.
.
': J
1'':_ . ..,-;.
JIll ..... .. ..&
-....
"":" ..:
t" , _"
,. -v
"
..
, .
J; .': .:
.,. ,
".
...-.,:"t'.....
-... -
f. '.'
.f:" ';'.jjl,:">-;
' 'j,!'"
ti1t
"1"
'>h ,._, _.
.. '.i" -
.,
....
,
-1.__l'
;
"'.......
'"
"
....
-.,.
. "'.,JI::
,
, : - ,....;,.....
." . T , :f....
{j..',""
..
_.........,.,. t
- .-
<-
or-- ."\.. ;"o':L
--:.:; ',J. '";''' "
" . :\- <
"',
:-t'". . ;;; 1," J ", r . 0
, . -- , \" ' .
' .. ' . ,- , " ," ,, - - ' , ,. - -
- . . "-'., \. :'
...- -.i , .......':1-... ""'_'_ _.:- _ ..
' '.,.... ..- . - - ... .:';-. " : . "' . ',
"- :,;, . ., ...... .. . . . '>c . ,>: . ' . .... .
. ....c..... ";.. -;...' - .... #: ." , '>' .'1
. -. . >. , '. v" . . . _.,; . ;: . <..
'5. - t" , ''''{;ii: ',,, _ . .
<'';:3;:' .. .-:. .:'>-.. .:>_.;
. .";. c....... "'';''''' -:f '. _ ,"< --: _.' ..
."' y -<'.,.. ... '" . - . . ''', ....'"., .-
- , Jf . '. -x "". .... . ..'. ..,
< :;/.... \- ( , '''? . - ::.: '-' .;;.:
- ... ....'
. ""
-
;;'.i';.:;, -: '$i.
..". . '
.". .-
.... ...-'
-
'-!L
'.:r;.
""'f,"
.i
.'
, 3t-
..... '
;: -- \i
"""felr
,
...
'"r"
"...
..:, "\' -Ai-
;'; .;: "4r
) -:. :;,"'t .
--:;'
.....
¥..
..-..
...
,-...
.:' ,
- ;
: ...h,
..
:', !
t.
.':
'..., ,.J;
' .
'oi;
-I' '-
, ....j,
--......
."
..
;."
....-
;;r
'-, ,
..,
, .
-
-
")1
'"
't
- - "
.... - -r ..
-" :'' .:<;...-
'ZO'}'
-1- 7:.:,_ ,
\or. .. ..
"':w:,
.
.... ....
,-
'-
...':
.
-.. ;
';:.
--
,......
{.....
........
-
?o- -:\.,
.....'
"
.,.-::
' .: -.. ", -
.$.. .;'"
"'\., .. ' '-, .
'" - ':', ;>
.'-'.-.... ';... -.: , "
.. --... , ...
...
--:
,.
--- -----
.1t
"
-\ .....'
ofJ"o---
t, \ ;
t "
4 ..
.--
.
......
.c- .:t
:
v
-4'
---
--;
-
.. :''--'I:
. ...
"... ....
..
'"'
: .
:..
"
'
..':.,._' , ''''
,. " ;"" ..;. .,. -. ">'., "
'; t.-: '-
'- :-...... '; -. .:-' :... ''--
.... - :.."'- ' -"t . \
. .. .:1
',.., '.. .,:. :
"<.. - '." 'W ,_
1 .... .'" :-"..
-'
1:..
- .:.
'.-,
:t
...
-$t
.
.;- ..
rJIal1aTOp hI
06pelJeHHbIe Ha CMepTb
IJBK 63.3(0)3 (41 ITa)
1112
""'''"'
-( ,'W 7'-. ,
I IaonyqqH <D.
1112 Il1ap;l1aTopbI: 06pe l lcHIILIe Ha CMepTb / flep. C 1,1'raJI. - Nt.: lI3;'J;aTeJIbCTBO
«I htoJla- fl PCCC»; 000 «11:V\<lTCJI bCKlIii ..10M "Bc1.lc"», 2007. - 12H c.:
H,n:. - (Tai1Hbl I1CTOpI1H).
ISBN 978-5-366-0020H-O (Pyc.) (11:-1,l-BO «I Il1oJTa-Ilpecc»)
ISBN 978-5-9533-2582-0 (pyc.) (000 «113aTeJlbcKHi1 ,l],OM "Belle"»)
ISBN 88-09-04039-2 (I1T..W.)
l1C'ropHH rJIal1aTOpCTBa - 0'1' 3apO)Kl\eHI1.H p,o 3aKaTa: nepBble rJlap,l1aTopLI,
HX nep60BIG1, 06YICIII1C H BoopY)l(eHHC; I'JIal\l1arOpCKHc IIIKOlILI, IIcpllhle
at\Hpl1TeaTpbI H nepnaH apeHa B PHMe, HCTOpHJI KOJIH:-1eJI - rpall,lHo:nIoro
3alIlUI J1.H 3peJII1LI\; l'JIal\HaTOpCKl1e pl1ryaJIbl, TpaBJl.H p,HKHX )KHnOTHbIX
H CMepTllble IIpHI'OIlOpbl; HCTOpl-H1 Cai\IOro 3Hal\ICIHITOrO l'J1ap,HaTOpa -
CnapTaKa; r.na,lJ,l1aTOpCKl1e I1rphT Honoro llpeMeHI1.
BEK 63.3(0)3 (411Ta)
06.lIOjKKa Corbis
<DOTO ,1pXllB Gillll!i
KapTa lIa c. 122-12J - il QII{/{/ri/oglio, (P./lOfJ('lIIfllJl
Bce allT()pCKl1e "paBa IIplllla;J.JIe:lKaT Giunti Editorc S.p.A. IIHK<.lK,HI
1.JaCTL H:3,lJ,aHH.H lIe MO)KeT 6LITh nOCIIpOH:-1Bc,n,eHa, HCnOJlh30B<.llla B Jllo6oii
l'vlHO)KHTeJlbHOH CHCTeMe I1JIH nepc,'],aHa B JII060H opMe 11 JII06bIl\111 cpe,TJ,C'rnaMI1:
JJ1CKTpOi III bll\HI, MCX<.lIIlPICCKIIMII, CPOTOKolillpOnaJlhHhIMH, 3alll1ChlnalOIl\HMII H
,lJ,pyrl1MII - 6e:-1 npC,.lBapllTeJlhHOrO I1HCbMeHHOJU pa:1peIIICIlIIJT H:1!\neJBI.
Fabrizio Paol ucci
Gladiatori
I dannati dello spcttacolo
ISBN 978-S-366-0020H-0 (pyc.)
(113,'\-BO «Hl1oJIa-1 Ipecc»)
ISBN 978-S-9S33-252-0 (pyc.)
(000 «11:-1/aTeJIbCKI1l1 ':'OM "BC1.Ie"»)
ISBN 88-09-04039-2 (I1Tan.)
@ 2006 C;iunti Editore S.p.,\., Firenze-
Iilano
All righ ts reserved
@ I IcpeBo; 11 H3/\<.lIlHe lIa PYCCKOM Jl3hlKe.
113,lJ,aTeJIhCTBO «HHOJIa-Opecc», 2007
C e p lt1 fI «T a c:1 H bl lt1 C TOp lt1 lt1 »
rJIal1aTOp hI
06peQeHHbIe Ha CMepTb
<Da6pMQMO naOJIyqlJM
@ MOCKBa
J..13.QATEn bCTBO
HI.10nA-nPECC
COfJ;ep)l{aHl1e
\ ""
i.p : · ,
i ..1
-
4
I1C'TOI{I I 1:T1A,lJ,IIA'T()PC'fBA
8TPYCKH 11 «HrpbI 11ep{JI»
3apO:/K[I;eHl1e l:Jlap,l1aTOpCTBa B Ka\illlaHI1I1
Ycuex I1rp y pl1MCKOi1 ny6JIl1KI1
TpaBJI.H XHJJJ;lIbIX :/KHBOTHbIX
IIy6JII1I.JHble 3peJII1wa B PI1\,e 8 · HeKpOnO.TIb necTYl\ta 13
· YIIafJ;OK TeaTpa 15 · PI1MCKI1H <DOPYM 16 · bO.TIbllIOii ql1pK 20
P A3BITIIE IIH1(YCTPI11 PA3RJIEQEHIltl
Bep60BKa IaAl1aTOpOB
06yqeHIIe Cpa:/KaTbCJI
KaTeropl111 60HIOB
,lI,pyrHe rpynnbI fJIal1;HaTopoB
BfHf1JnOpU H )J;HKHe )KHBOTHble
1\1 HCp 0 CIIapTaKe 24 · 3apa6uraTb lIa I:rIa:Hrropax 26
· Ill1w.,"lhi f.TI3 f lHaTopOB 30 · Bpa1.J DUICH 33
· Inar\l1aTOpbI Ha BOi:'IJIC 40
f{J)IITEATP - I lOBAR APXfITEKTYPA fliIR 3PEJIIn
B03HHKHOBeHI1e aI'\'1cpHTeaTpa
rJIalJ,l1aTOpCKI1C IIrpbI (nUtllflYl) 11 1I0JIHTHKa 13JIacrell
nepnaJI apcHa B PH:vle
CTpO HTeJI bCTBO KOJIl18eJl
fpaHlJ,H03HOe 3,n;aHHe lVIJI 3pc.rnIII
B IeHTpe KBapTaJIa IIponeleIlII.H Hrp
I1rpbl (1II/IIInll) IIpli Iloi\IIICC :\ilarll)'cc (BC)IHKOI'vl) 49
· \l\lcpllTcaTpbl peBIICplll\lCKOJ'O l\1Jlpa 52
· 06C.TIY)KI1BaIOIII1M lIepCOH3,rr apeHbI 55
· I I pHBeTCTBl1e, BOIIIelllee B I1CTOpHIO 57
· OnHcallHe aMcpl1TCaTpa HepoHa 58 · 3pcJl11LQa KOJII13eJI 62
6
8
11
14
18
22
27
30
33
37
39
42
-1-4
-1-7
51
57
61
65
1
\...
\,
rlpOIPAMMA Ilrp
I1MnepaTOpbl11 Hrpbl
OpraHH3aql1oHHbIe 3aTpaTbI na HrpbI (JllllJ1rra)
O,[l;I1H ,[I;eHb Ha apeHe
TpaBJI.H ,l1,I1KHX )lOIBOTHhIX II CMepTHbIe nplIrOBOphI
Cpa)KeHIUI rJIa/lHaTopoB
rJIa,JJ;I1aTOpbl H nOKJIOlIlIHKH
66
68
73
77
84
88
97
Clla6)((CIIHC Hrp XHIl.\IIHIGl\H1 69
· OPY)KHC JlOJ\1I1Ci'tcKJ1X IIIKOJI 74 · Ha/nllcH H 06hHllJ1CIIIIJI 77
· CYBeHlIpbI 11 naI'vlJITHble nO;:J;apKH 81 · lVl03al1Ka 1arepHyca 85
· «Pollice verso» 89 · CKa3Ka 06 AHflPoKTle 11 J1bBe 91
· Do.rle.rlbIl.\HKH rJ1af-l,HarOpOB 95
· CTpaaHHJI bJlaH,LI,HIlbI 100
3AKA'r IJINllA'rOPCKI/IX llrp
PecpopMbl Hrp
Ina,LI.llaTOpCKHe IIrpbl (JJlltnrra) ce6.H HCLJepnaJII1
01' OXOTHHKOI3 ,[1;0 aKp06aT013
104
109
114
117
l\-IHcp 0 rJ1a/HaTopax 106 · IQJ\10p aMcpHTeaTpa 111
· PHl 11 KOJIH3Cii B THCKax BapBapOB 112 · InaAHaTopbl cerO/l"Jl 117
· 11oKa3aTeJ1LlIble nI:\lIIC1CTHLfeCKHe BblcTynJleHIHI Ha apeHe 119
· t..lapYlolla,H CIIJla I:Jla;HaTopcKHX IIl'p 120
Kf-\P'l}\ IIPOBEtI,EIIIlH lI'P B PIIl\'lCl{oii 111l1EPll11 122
11M EI 1l1()i"1 YKA.3A'TEJI h 124
hI IGJIJ lorPA(j)( LH 126
-
5
11 CTO KI1
rJIal1aTOpCTBa
, <'',
-::..........
,I ,
" -, ,," , ., ,/" .... '..
" "'.. ,,-,, ,!
}f; .',' j
._.,. ,
"
, '''I
" ..
-, -
I ,:' t, " , \, ""'!1 "' . 'j I
t ': ',,>" ' , "I';, .-IIL
11 . -\ . ", 1oJ.1
:.;.- , ....} f,... J...,J:"'
. -.' ;: .'. ,":' . .
\J
'"
I
,;1 ')
1, ,
'3 , ,- ) ,
/" .I '",, ',I,'.
. 3TPyeK «rpbl nepcy»
. 3apO}t{AeHe rJlaAaTOpeTBa
B KaMnaH
. Yen ex rp
y pMeKO ny6JlK
'I .J. '."1'.1 .... :':-i1'". :._ .
, , "" ',r"",.,
j 'p
1'\ '", :'\ t -,\.
'
;I Itg,..,\
.J ' ,7:
'"
....
I
'. . '"
. TpaBJlfl AKX }t{BOTHbIX
COBpeMeHHbli1 4eflOBeK He B cocmORHUU nOHRmb U p03aeflumb 4YBcmBO KOflfleKmuBHoi1
JKO>Kabl KpOBU, cOaUcmcK020 yaOBOflbcmBUR nOY40cmBOBomb B 3peflULL(OX c y6ui1cmBoM
CpO>KOIOLL(UXCR 60UL{OB UflU OCY>KaeHHbIX, np04YBcmBOBomb Bce mo, 4mo cnoco6cmBOBOflO
cmOHOBfleHUIO U ycnexy 2f10aUOmOpcKUX U2p. MO>KHO flUWb nonblmombcR BoccmOHOBumb
MeXOHU3M cpeHOMeHO nOa20mOBKU U 3monbl BOBfle4eHUR MOCC fllOaei1, KOK UHmeflfleKmyo-
flOB, mOK U HU3WUX cfloeB HocefleHUR, B 4yaOBULL(Hble pumYOflbl, Bbl3blBOBwue Komopcuc,
04ULL(eHue om 02peccUBHblX UHcmUHKmOB. flucmOR cmpOHUL{bl ucmopuu, H04UHoeWb no-
HUMomb BO>KHOCmb 3peflULL(, 0 mOK>Ke KOK BnepBble B ucmopuu 30noao cmoflu npu6e20mb
K HUM KOK K MOLL(HOMY nOflumU4ecKOMY UHcmpYMeHmy ynpoBfleHUR.
-
6
V1CTOKV1 fJl AJ]V1 A TOPCTBA
""'\..
t\
<\ .
\. "
--\
:: t
::--
, ,
.1 '
J,
!'
.
,,.-
t#
...-
r JIaHaTOPCKHe Hrpbl (HJIH nO-lIaTbIIIH turli
glarlia/orii) TIOCTOJlHHO CTaBHlIH I1CTOpllKOB H HC-
CJIe,ZJ;OBaTeJIeH ,n;peBHepHMCKOrO MHpa B HeJIOBKOe
nOllO)KeHHe. Ha CaMOM ,ZJ;eJIe, KaK \10)KHO nOHJlTb, YTO
QI1BHJIH3aql1J1, OCHOBaHHaJl Ha npaBOnOpJl,ZJ;Ke, Morlla
Y)KI1BaTbCJI C CYlleCTBOBaHHeM nO,ZJ;,ZJ;ep)KHBaeMbIX ro-
CY,lJ.apCTBOM TIO,lJ.06HbIX Hrp-3peJIHIl-\ 11 npl1CTpaCTHeM
K HUM Bcero Hapoa. CYTb 3THX 3peJIHIl-\ 3aIUIIOYa-
JIaCb B TOM, YT06bI Ha6JI101J,aTb 3a TCM, KaK YMHpalOT
JII0111, Cpa:lIG15lCb Me)K,lJ.Y C060HI1JIH C CaMhlMI1 onac-
HblMI1 XI1IIHhIMH )KlIBOTlIbIMH, 111111 3a CMCpTblO Tex,
K1'O npl1rOBOpeH K caMblM )KeCTOKHM 11 1130IqpeH-
HbIM TeJIeCHbIM HaKa3aHI1J1M. JIIO,lJ.Bl1r <Dplf,n;JI3Hep
(1824 -1909), 60JIbJJ10H 3HaTOK ,ZJ;peBHepHMCKoro 06-
IlI,eCTBa, rOBOpl1T 0 rJIaf];l1aTOpCTBe KaK 0 nOKa3aTeJIe
CYIl-\eCTBOBaHI1J1 lie QHBI1JIH30BaHHoro, a
«coBepUtfHHO UII020 OmlfCCJIlBa, YJladHUlIC(J{ozo, C ZHJ'(HhLkl
lIapodo.kl».
VIHOM I10X01 K 3TOrI TeMe Y ,lI,)KepOMa KapKollIl-
110 (1881-1970), JllaMeHJ1TOrO I1CTOpI1Ka. DOXO)Ke,
t.JTO 11 caM HCTOpHK CMYllelI CBOI1MH BbIBo,n;aMH, Kora
nI1IIIeT:
;a
n
o
...
.
....
n
o
....
" '.
.
..
'..'
"
'"
...
"'
BBepxy, (/JP01l 1 If{'l{O Helll-
illY (1832-1894). I :T}a/llaTo-
phi B TpHKJIlIlIlHI (OI/O./W(ltlJ!
8 dpf{J1{{pll__Mrl{O.lff dO,Jte), 1872.
(l!eallo./lh, A)'3ni I{allooll-
,MOIl/liP)
BHl13Y. (/JOII/Olpa!JjllJl (/JpllrJ-
'7JIIOt'pfl, KOII. XIX -lIll'l. XX fl.
f)
.
" (
\t:,'
'""
-
7
"'\ ,
(/JpaZ,/}fl1i1ll _}!03{/l!Kl! r 11306-
Pa.}J{"rllltfJj/1 do)':x 1Il(/lIlfOp06.
IIr pll or) If JfllfJpllll, (Rfl1111l1,'flll,
JlY3ni flll.fl- K/7Pj/IPHlIlfl)
«113 )'8fl.J/rfllllJlh Pll.MJIJlllO.l;f _MhI :-:OJIlf.llll 6h111(}{JlIO'llIJJIlJ
Jill)' (ll/pallllll)' 1/3 ltX lttJJ10pllll».
I1TaK, KaK )Ke 3apOI1JIOCb r:JIa/l1aTopCTBO II rp;e
Cpa)l{aJll1Cb nepBble rJIal1aTopbl?
UI1TI1PYJI I1CTOpl1Ka HI1KOJIaJI ,TI,arvIacCKoro, pl1-
TOp ATeHeH (I B.) YTBep)Kf];aJI, 4TO HCKYCCTBO rJIap;l1-
a rOpCKI1X I1l'p p;peBHl1e pl1MJIJIHe n03al1MCTBOBaJII1 y
3TPYCKOB (ATcHei1, l 153). 11 3TI1M CBe,[I,eHI15IM HC-
TOplIKI1 6e301'oBOpOllHO p;OBepJIJII1 ,[I,OJll'oe BpeMJI.
OAHOBPEMEHHO C rOPOAOM PO>KAEHHbIE
ny6JH14Hbie 3peJH1Ll\a B PMe
n pOBeAeHLtte rllaALtt-
aTOpCKLttX Ltt rp,
BnllOTb AO 3nOXLtt
paC4BeTa n03-
AHe it1MnepLttLtt,
HOCLttllO 4aCTHbl
xapaKTep Ltt 6blllO
CBfl3aHO C noxopOH-
H bl M pLttTyaJlOM.
B OTll Ltt 4 Ltt e
OT H LttX APY-
r Ltt e Ltt rp bl,
HanpLttMep
6era B 4Ltt p-
Ke Ltt TeaTpallbHble
n peACTaBlleH Lttfl,
HOCLttllLtt ny611Ltt4Hbl LttllLtt
pellLttrLtt03Hbl xapaKTep,
BO BCflKOM CllY4ae cpop-
-
8
,
MallbHO. ny611Ltt4Hble
3pellLtta - npOB-
lleHLtte nOllLttTLtt4eC-
Koro eALttHeHLttfl
Ltt COrllaCLtt - pO-
ALttllLttCb OAHOBpe-
MeHHO C PO>K-
AeHLtteM ropOAa
Ltt nOCTOHHO
;..-..
4t
4ax BO BpeM npa3AHeCTBa
KOHcyaflu{J (21 aBrycTa)
B 4eCTb 60ra [onsus,
BnOClleACTBLttLtt OTO>KAeCT-
BlleMoro C HenTYHoM.
B nepBble CTOlleTLtt LttC-
TOpLttLtt PLttMa ycnexoM
nOll b30 Ball LttCb n pa3-
AHeCTBa (Equirria)
(27 cpeBpallfl
Ltt 14 MapTa)
C KO H H bl M Ltt
COCTfl3a H Ltt M Ltt
B 4eCTb Mapca
(15 OKT6p).
npLttMepHO C 509 r.
AO H. 3., KorAa 6blll
OTKpblT Bell Ltt 4eCT-
BeHHbl xpaM Ha
.'\.-...
...);', '.
:;::t' -
';-1 .
\. , '
"' :" \. '
...c, \
, .
_.- 'f4
" ' l.
YCTpaLtt-
BallLttCb
B 4eCTb
60roB.
Ha-
npLttMep,
Po MYll C4 LttTaeTC
Y4peALttTelleM nep-
BblX cOCT3aHLtt
Ha KOlleCHLtt-
),
<'y/
,J.
. .-
4-
':,-
, -,, r
,
'*
V1CTOKV1 fJlADV1A TOPCTBA
3TPYCKII II «lIrpbI Ilepcy»
PHMCKOe 06eCTBO 3nOXI1 npaBJIeHI1 qapei1
11 IIepnOp,a paIlHCrO pccIIy6JIHKaIlCKOrO
II p a Hil C I UHI (VI I - IV H H. ,ZJ; 0 II. 3.) II a -
XOl1iIOCb nOl orpOMIIblM IUIJ15IIIIICM
KYJIbTyphl 3TPYCKOH J1 JICrKO IIpllIUIJIO
I1CKYCCTBO rJIa;lJ1aTOpCKJ1X I1rp II nce,
LITO C 1-1I1MI1 6bIJIO CB.H3aI-lO, IIaIIpl1Mep
TepMI1HOlIOrl1lO. CorJIaCI-IO 3HQI1K-
lIOnep,J1CTY l1CJ1Opy CeBI1JIbCKOMY
(VII B.), lIaTI1HCKOe ClIOBO fallis/a
(IIaC'raBHJ1K WKOilbl rlIap,J1aTOpoB)
I3 :::rrpYCCKOM JI3bIKC 03Ha'--laJIO «IIa-
JIaI.I, TJ1paH» (3J111CrtO_l0211J1, 10, 247).
-«:\.:..:.. .." .
"." "'; ,. .
. '.:.-."'. '....\...... ..1.
. '' ", ,t: :{t '
j;.'. ," :'''- ,: .: '-ii),
\ \\ .... I j ..
.: ,:- ,\:f'. "
: \"
!>
t.,,:'. ',' \ ,c' <,...
) ., , 'I .
" ;
../..
},
ii. .
'- ,
, .
Cllcna. 1:7I1H.flH(1J! Ollfl-
JIl J':J JJlJ{{ll.1{l(}1I a 1JI0 pa,
/lfllirJnlllflJ! tlIIO,JtI/(JJ!.\'.
3IJ/o IIIfJ(1dlll{ltO/l/l uti
He60JI hlllOli J10dap01(,
lip nlO rJH 0 Otfml 1I1i(J!
110 O/J"IaIO ClTYP-
lIaJIHH, llfJ(l.1rJHlI1((1,
OIPfl(JJIJ/{UlIflOUI
(II/(/'Ifl.'l(, I/O(lOlO loda.
(He(111O_1h, Hrll{1I0H(1.:71r
Huit apxfo./lOllt 1 leOatli
"lJ'3ni)
BIII1:3Y. J)ajJf'.1h(Jq;
c lt30ffpaJ!((,Hltf.Al
60llllllt KIIOf'JIU
- ' I Ii:
.,' I
,-.:.,"
. ....
, "
!1
.:"
(J AO.l7('OI1l1{{', 3aJljJ.fI-
J!(eHlIOll.:7h8a.JfIl.
nallaTLttHCKOM XOllMe, 3TLtt
AaTbl CTallio1 nOBOAOM Allfl
OpraHLtt3aLttio1 TaKLttX Lttrp Ltt
ny611Ltt4Hb1X 3pellLttL4, KaK
PUMCKue U2pbl B 4eCTb 60ra
K)nLttTepa.
XOTfl Allfl npOCTOHapOAbfl
M Hor04 LttClleH H ble 3 pell Ltt L4a
Ha4LttHaJOT YCTpaio1BaTb,
nO-BLttALttMOMY, llLttWb
C III B. AO H. 3., nepBble
nfle6eiJcKue U2pbl 6blllio1
OpraHLtt30BaHbi B 216 r. AO
H. 3. 3TLtt Lttrpbl TO>Ke 6blllLtt
nOCBflL4eHbl 60ry K)nLtt-
Tepy, All Lttll Ltt Cb n 04TLtt ABe
HeAellLtt (c 4 no 17 HOfl6-
pfl) Ltt n peAYC M aTp Ltt Ball Ltt
n pOBeAeH Ltte TeaTpall bH blX
npeACTaBlleHLttH,COCTfl3a-
HLttfl Ha KOlleCHLttaX B Te4e-
Hio1e Tpex AHeH, LttpKOBble
npeACTaBlleHLttfl (npaBAa,
LttM OTBOALttllOCb CHa4alla
TOllbKO ABa AHfl no CllY4aJO
TOp>KeCTB B 4eCTb AnOllllO-
Ha - AnOflflOHOBbl U2pbl).
( 208 r. AO H. 3. Ltt pKOBbie
npeACTaBlleHLttfl CTallLtt
n POXOALttTb Y>Ke B Te4eH Ltte
HeAellLtt (LttJOllb). A B 4eCTb
KLtt6ellbl, «BellLttKOH MaTe-
pLtt 6oroB», n04LttTaeMOH
B MalloH A3LttLtt, 6blllLtt Y4-
pe>KAeH bl eL4e Ltt Me2ofleH-
CKue U2pbl,
KOTopble
npOBOALtt-
llLttCb C 4 no
10 anpell,
io1 OAio1H
Ltt3 AHeH
nOll HOCTbJO
6blll OTBe-
AeH 6eraM
B Ltt pKe.
\ t-f\ )-:.t " , ;, ' ., '
.. , ' ,'" { -:C' ,
\_ " ," :.-, J\. '\
, . ." d ' . ",,- " \; '\\"",
.J ''\ .' "U . '\ '- t..'"
. 1 1 < ;lj ll\\t \ t ' " 'i.-4 - \ ' . ::.: '\.
, . ,;' f r r ::.:z...., \,'
I,.... :. . '. "'- ;or,......' 1 \,
., " :1....' "" -- .)
:: - .. . - ' J / ./;)>'{
, - . 1..16 2_ -. ; '< \(: ;'<:t ,<
i ;:.L).. J.. '. _ " . ,
',; '.. - t...... ,- . ):: . \ .,. ,
lli....t -......,.,..'\,... ;.;'::--#..-" .,.', t,1 1
,',- c V O
-
9
"\ ,
', l J
CnpaBa. C/JpeO{O r lt306p0Jl{f-
HIIl),l1 «llZp I Icpcy». VI B. do
N.J. ('lapK6UNH»,3flXOpON-
1/ue AezyjJ()8)
RIIH3Y. {(If) /Ilf'flllljHI./IMIMf
,J!tlom. Pu, JfOia.f!, 'f()3{1lt1{tl.
(PlOt, KUllltf/LOJlUII(J{lte JI1J'3fU)
-
10
, .. ...:;'t . . I . ;;' !'n I, I '::' /.:,' "", , . :..."
<,' .. '\ \,00' - r".}J '
. { "\ . · .' (': ' ,r .iI, 1::;:; .. .,r
-', ... " "",-' t'
'" .."",. . '....." .'
", ""'\,..( I" ' :,)'
Q. ,:', · \ (i l . .I . r./ ' -', )+ '\...
"-, \ .. .[ ., ' . 1.
" if ..' \\ ;) '\'} , ",'
"-... r. \ i\ '- , ' ; 1," '. '. , ",-
/' -r---\ r' \ ,' z' I, ''. .
I " ,,\ ! "i ".".,.. .'
. '., \ \ \ I I / ......... . '
' .f' "t"\. " l " ..:\ '.....
'- '" " . _, ..'it... ....."--. .. . {';";T '-...
.:,.. I' , "........'\v., -4"': ,
"f .1.:'" (. I ;: .JJ. ;11..:
.J
'I.,
81'0, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, nOl1;1'Bep)Kp;aJIO 31'pYCCKoe npo-
HCXO)J{p;eHHe Hrp. Ho JIH1'epa1'ypHOMY HCTU4HHKY
Tpe6YIOTC.H ee H apXeOJIOrHlJeCKHe p;OKa3aTeJIbCTBa.
I leT HH op;Horo 3TpyccKoro naM.HTHHKa (HanpHMep,
pHcYHKa Ha na3e, <ppeCKH HJII1 6poH30noM cTaTY3TKH),
Ha KOTOpOM 6bIJII1 6bI 3aneyaTJICHbJ cqeIlbI, I1HTep-
npe1'HpycMble KaK Cpa)KCHH51 rJIap;HaTopoB. Iia MHO-
rOYHCJIeHHblX nap;rp06H5IX, B Ka1'aKOI\16ax, B cqeHax
H306pa)KeHI1.H I1rp MO)KHO YBHp;e1'h COC1'5I3aHIUI lIa
KOJIeCHI1IaX, KYJIaLIHbIe 6011, aKp06a1'oB-KaHaTaxol1;-
qeB H HHKorp;a - KpOBaBbIe Cpa)KeHH5I. I1CKJIlOlJeHHe
COCTaBJI.HeT TOJIbKO TaK Ha3bIBaeMa.H <ppecKa «I1rpbI
Ifep{J'», HaHp;eHHa.H B TapKBHHHH Ha P;BYX 3axopo-
I1eHH.HX (ABrYPoB, 540 -520 IT. p,o H. 3., H OJlHM-
II Ha(T1;o B, M e)KP;Y I ..... "" "'L _L -w;, J, J;\ ...l'n'....... .
525 -520 IT. ,LI,O ' 'I · ..,.
H.3.). 1la 3TOt't
<ppeCKe H306pa- .
-
)KCHO, KaK MY)KlfH- a .."Co .
.,
(C 1l0Kpbl1'OH ...
Ha . .
rOJIOBOn H BOOpy- ' \\ , \, '-,
.JKeHHbLH naJIKOH) ,\ '- ;j..
, ! ',.
Cpa)KaeTC5I C co-
6aKOti, a TpeTHM ; . ...
",F'
IICpCOIIa)K, JIHO , , '- ,
VlCTOKII1 fJlADVlA TOPCTBA
KOTOp0I'O 3aKpbITO XapaKTepHOH MaCKO:H C HalIII1-
CbID Phersu (0'1' 3'1'01'0 3TPYCCKOl'0 ClI'OBa IIpOH30WJIO
JIaTI1IICKOe «persona)) - «\1aCKa)) ), 3JIHT c06aKY. Boc-
IIPOM3BC/ClIlIa.H CqCIIK - IJaCTb <ppI13a, IIa KOTOpOM
IIcpeaHhI IIpe/CMcpTllhIe CTpa[l;aHll.H YMHpaIOIJCrO
60i1qa. 3JIall1fT, 3Ta <ppCCKa [l;OJI:tKJIa BOCIIPMHH\/laTbC.H
KaK H306pa:tKeIll1e I1rp, CB5I3aHHbIX C 1l0,106IJbIMII PII-
TyaJIaMI1. CJIell,OBaTeJIbHO, eCJIM B «Hrpax llfpry)) npo-
CJIe)J{I1BaeTC.H HeCOMHeHHa.H CB.H3b C norpe6aJIbHbIl\1
06P.Hp,01\1, TO, KaK YBI1p,I1l\1 p,aJIbllIe, 31'0
6blJIO xapaKTcpHO 11 f],JI.H IIepBbIX rJIap,l1-
arOpCKI1X I1rp. I fo paCCMaTpl1BaeMa5I
<ppecKa BP5I;\ JIH MOfKeT CJIY)KHTb IIJIJIIOC-
TpaqHeii llPCBlleplIMCKI1X I'Jlaf],HaTOpCKHX
Hl'p (HJII1/z/(Ii), TaK KaK 3p,eCb HeT IIPOTM-
BOCT05lIlH5I p,nyx BoopY)KeHHbIX JIIO,e:H.
hft pf.,'l MJ!p lJ7f/()!I(fllIOPtl. III 8.
'j'eplll)lJt.i711ftll, 0(1108(/-
IllOtb tI!pPI1l{(/1I0.'OIJ Ift'pK-
fill (II-III 8(1.), 0671flOIJ/t'1ll
1!OJ/8. 'Ifllllf ZJ'l(/(7tlfllllOPf'll16t1
I,'a/l Otffk1ll611f IlOXOPOIIIIOZO
P"l/l)'(/.!ltl-II('A}IL'tfJ/tliJ/ [' I{f 'IblO
J'- Jfll.i1OOllll811 m b rJ)'lIIlt )'1011-
lII11X, 603d(lIllh !I,ll llOWJOllil.
Ta A'O(' J!({, 1l0r)Il/(I(JpJ!(r)f'lIl/r
II pOll ('X O.J!(()f-
II 1I J/ Z.i7t/() 11-
{1I110PO{llv\
!lZp r){/f'lll
It dpJ'zoii
17flmlllloalll
. 'I, ,I,' ','-. ..., :: " ':' '-' .' ,::I' '; '
.. . .... .. :. ' r i
"
'J
, . t
' 'r,t " \.-\
''. ' '. I
i I
\ .' -
I,
t';
4f ', ,:',
l', I
':' : :, '
"\\
3apO)KAeHMe
rJIaAMaTOpcTBa B KaMnaHMM
KpoMe cnopHblX 3TPYCCKHX HCTOYHI1KOB,
cyecTBYIOT I1Hble f-I,aHHbIe, n03BOJI5IIO-
llI,He IlpH3HaTb cKopee Bcero Kal\lnalICKoe
npOI1CXO)Kp,l:HHe fJIa;J;MaTopC'fBa. B HCKpOIIOJle
r IeC'rYMa, ropola, OCHOBalIIIoro lpeBIIHMH rpCKaMH,
HO 3aXBa1-JeIIIIOrO JIYKaIIqaMI1 B KOIIqC V B. [1;0 II. 3.,
COXpaIII1JIOCb CHhIIlIe TpII1qaTI1 <ppeCOK na na[l;rpo-
6115IX, aTl1pyeMblx 370 -340 rr. p;o H. 3. Ha qTJ;HOH
113 HI1X, P 5111;0 lVI C 11306pa)KeHHervl Tpap,l1ql1oHHbIX
fTJ;peBHel'pelJeCKI1X aTJIeTl1lJeCKI1X I1rp B naM5ITb 06
YCOlIweM, nepep,aHa ceHa Cpa)f{eHI15I ,D,BYX BOOpy-
)f{eHlIblX JIlOp,eH. Me)f{l-1.Y HI1Ml1 CTOHT TpeTHH IICp-
COHa)J{, HeCOMHeHHO - 31'0 ap6l-'rrp. 3Ta cppCCKa Ha
Hal1;rp06l1M rOBOpl1T He 0 Tpa;\HqMollIlOM )KepTBOII-
pI1110IlICIIHM, a I10/rrBcp:tKtaeT, \.1'1'0 YfKe B TOT nepHO/
B KaMnaHI1H rJIa,L],HaTOpCKl1e nrpbI, ,110 JIOCJIep,Hef:l
- .
I .., t:,1" ( .
,r', '-)', ,
i I' . \.
"
\. (t
," ,.' ",.<.Jt:
.-..-. : t\-' .,-',-.
" \ **;
f. .'*
-.-"
"
,,-- .ii'"
-.......,
"'.J....:'(
. ...
{
, (
t 't ,;,:, ..i \.
' .
I.;
IlI(Jp.'" 1111,
ynompe6Jl.fl-
10 1I1111t (.fI (t 'l.fl
o 60311flr/(JlIlIJ/
nodo6HhlX
IIZp, -
nlunus.
flfp80f
3H{flflJlllle
\:1
'\
".
1.l106t1
nlunus
(<< /lOOH 011/ fN lit»,
«o(fJI3f1I1- IIOOllb») 1I0dpflJ)'.J[(J-
(lt7f J llIlIPOllfNlllt 0611rJ (()O '/1(/)
8 na3t.fllllb 06J'(01l11le.Jll.
-
11
o \'
"" f
.....
CnpaBa. J1103(/1I1l(/ r 1I.106pfl-
J/(tllllt./ll Z./I(/OltaIllOpr'MIX ltZp
113 B(JjJollu (!/('jJOIlO, LljJx{'o-
./IOZlt1flYlllIi, .MJ'3fl/ 8 PII,J10{O, J1
1ll ftll/lpf)
BII H3Y. 0'llIlI.flllflJ! J!JUIIIl(/
{' (/jllzypoli nplIZ080ptIlHOZO,
('/uh/lIllt.U lit! 6h1K(J. ///-1 r {lfl.
11r,,/of//a (I Clt!JlIlt (I/(/PII)/(,
JIJ'Bp)
..
"
.tot.,
,, "
.
v". . \
-
12
KalIJIl1 KpOHH, op-
fa H H 3 0 B hI B a JI 11 C b
no «CIIOpTHBIIhIM»
IIpanllJIaM. ,lI,a)Ke
CJIO)KHJH1Ch fJI3[J;H3-
TopCKHe Tpa,,1H-
£.\HH, noxopOIIHhIlI
p HTyaJI .
HeJIh3.H He COI:JIa-
CI1ThC.H C lepTYJIJIH-
al'IOM, OCHOBaTtJICM
acppl1KaIlCKOH IepKBl1 11 :lKI1BWI1M Me)Ky JIll III B.,
KOTOpbIii 06hHCII5ICT IIplIlJlIHhI BO:-JHI1KHOBeIII1.H I1Ia-
p,l1aTOpCTBa KaK CJlep,CTBl1e TIOXOpOIIIIoro plrryaJIa-I1C-
KYIIJIeHI1R C leJIblO BO:Jl-aTb nOlJCCTI1 H Y1'1l1JIOCTIIBHTb
P;YUll1 yconIUI1X (0 3pfJllllllflX, XII., 2). Ha 3TY BepC1110
YKa3hIBaeT TalOKe JIaTI1HCKI1M TepMI1H, lJaCTO I1CnOJIb-
3yeMhIM p,1I.H Ha3BaHI1.H rJIa,zl1aTOpCKI1X I1rp - JJlll1UIS
(130 MHO)KeeI'BeHH01'1 lJI1CJIe: JIll/llero). OepBoe 3Ha4e-
HlIe CJIOBa JJlllllUS (<<nO;I,HOlllCHl1e», «06.H3aHHocTb»)
IIO,Ll,pa3YMCBaeT IIpOIl\eHI1C 0611,lJ, (oJIra) 13 na\1.HTb 06
yco II illC 1\1.
EIl\C O;\I1I1M IIO;rrBcp:tKI\eHlIC1'1 KaMIIaHCKoro I1pO-
I1CXO)h)\CHI1.H rJIap,l1aTOpCKIIX Hrp CJIY)KHT H33113Hl1e
caMoro paCIIpoerpaHCJJIIOI'O noopy.)I{CIII15J rJIa/l1a-
Topon - calVI HilT (saJJlIlf/S). CalVIHI1ThI - IITaJII1['1CKHH
Hapo, )KI1BIUI1H n KaMnaH1111 jI,0 V B. ,lJ.0 H. 3. ECJII1 K
3T01'1Y p,06aBI1Tb, lJTO I1MeHHO B KaMnaHI111 6bIJIl1 I-IaH-
eHhI KaMeI-lHhIe KJIap;KI1 nepBbIX aMcpl1TeaTpOB (KOH.
II H. p;o H. 3.), TO CTaHeT OlJeBI1HbIM, 4'1'0 I1MeHHO
Ha 31'0[:1 3eMJIe, HaMHoro paHbllIe, 4eM 13 PI1Me,
l'Jla1-1HaTopCTBO lIe TOJlhKO PO:\I1JIOCb, HO 11 ccpop-
"vlHpOnaJIOCb 110 OlJpCleJICHllbIM npaUI1JIaM.
{..ITO KJCaeTCR CBel\CHI'IH ATeIlCR, TO 1\10)1{-
HO COrJIaCHThC5J C TeM, 4 fO 3TPYCKH IICIIOJI-
HI1JII1 pOJIh nocpeIIHKa, OpraH113Y.H B PI1Me
II1CTOKII1 fJlAD,II1A TOPCTBA
Kp013a13ble I1l'pbI, KOTOpble OHII B CBoe 13pervBI IIcpe-
BJIJIH y :iKHTCJIei1 KaMlIaIIlUI. OHaKO 01' 31'01'0
I'HllOTeTlflJl:CKOl'O nOCpC,lJ.HII'-ICCTBa HC OCTaJIOCb
11 Clle,lJ.a lIlt II 3 rpYCCKOM I1CKYCCTBC, lIB 13 OpraH113a-
QI1II 11 caMOrl CYTI1 ltrp (llllfllffY!), KO rophie BTlepBble
6bI.lII1 3aCBH,lJ.eTeJIhCTBOBalIhl HCTopIP'leCKHMI1I1CTO'-l-
(8AETEnbCTBAM 06 rPAX 60rATbiM
BI-III:JY. I L'll/Illa lIodlpo6ltJI 86
INdpuo_7tl: DOZl/Nfl BUKJ7l0pllfl
(flllh'O) Nfl, rf'ltllf{niol KO.HY-
IIltllf'. 325-300 Zl. do II. .J.
(lfe(lnyy,pxf7ozlterhu
_J1)'3ni)
HeKpOnOJlb neCTYMa
A peBHHH nOceAOHH
6blJla OCHOBaHa B KOH-
4e VII B. AO H. 3. rpe4eC-
KM KOJlOHCTaM 3
(6apca. B KOH4e V B.
AO H. 3. OHa 6blJla 3aBoe-
H3Ma. Ha 3TX cJ:>peCKax
HeKpOnOJlH,AaTPyeMwx
IV B. AO H. 3. BbInOJlHeH-
HblX B CTJle, xapaKTepHOM
np pocnc Ba3 B 3noxy
paC4BeTa rpe4eCKO
1) .
BaHa JlYKaH4aM (TaJl-
CK HapOA) nepeMe-
HOBaHa B neCTYM. nOCJle
06pa30BaHH pMCKO KO-
JlOH B 273 r. AO H. 3. 3TO
Ha3BaHe COXpaHJlOCb.
neCTYM, C ero pCYHKa-
M Ha HaArp06HbiX nJlTaX
HeKpOnOJlH, - caMoe HpKoe
CB AeTeJl bCTBO rpe4eCKoro
BJlHHfI Ha TaJlCKYIO
3HaTb B nepOA 3JlJl-
KYJlbTypbl, Mbl BAM
306pameHfI,CBfl3aHHwe
B OCHOBHOM C noxopOH-
HbIM pTyaJlaM B 4eCTb
ycon wero. (OCTfl3aHfI Ha
KOJleCH4ax, KYJla4Hbie
60, cpameHH BOHOB
coceACTBYIOT C cJ:>rypa-
M meHH, CKop6f1X
Jli--1 Hecyx KaKe-TO
npeAMeTW. CTop4eCKe
ClOmeTbl, KaK, HanpMep,
C4eHa cpameHH BOOpy-
meHHblX JlIOAe y nOAHO-
mfI ropbl, - peAKOCTb.
XOTH B 60JlbWHCTBe
cJ:>peCOK npOCMaTpBaeTCH
rpe4eCKoe BJlHHe, a Tex-
HKa pocnc HanOMHaeT
TeXHKY pocnc aTT4ec-
KX anYJlCKX COCYAOB,
3AeCb MomHO YBAeTb
HeMaJlO op r HaJl bH blX
ClOmeTOB. HanpMep,
Ha OAHO 3 KOMn03-
4 - TeJlO yconwero
B oKpymeH cJ:>JleTCTOB,
Ha APyro - B03BpaeHe
BoopymeHHoro BOHa. Ee
OAHa C4eHKa: meHHa 3a
npflAeHeM wepCT HaA-
nCb: «mater, univiro et
loniftco» (<<MaTb, eA Hom-
Abl 3aMymeM 3a BCIO CBOIO
m3Hb CKycH4a B npfl-
AeH wepcT») - BOT
TOT AeaJl, KOTOPOMY
AOJlmHa 6blJla CJleAOBaTb
meHHa ApeBHepMCKoro
06eCTBa.
-
13
.......
",,\
-\1\' V
BHH:lY. /{O,lJ.1lt ' lfO\'flJ! JJ1fflJll-
P{{./lbH{/J! t"lffHh'{{ lIa OflpfJ!be!fie
It.1/Jo,Jlllni. (l!r}f/lWJlh, //fllllt-
Olltl.1bllMli t1pX(OJIO?ltllf(lillli
,;Jf.Y 3 ni)
I Ia c 15 llllCPXY. Jfo.1allKfl r
lI.106pa.7IrfHltf,/J1 rX8flJ7lKlt ?Jlfl-
dllfIlIlOp()8. II 8. HfllidfHtI Hfl
{Ill. 'f.!f{} Ilnllllt/a 8 Ir1H{fIlIlI1l.
BHH:lY. AKlllfp 81llfalllpaJllr
llfHf IdJOIIIOJlf(}. E{{ jJf./l h(!fJ, OIi,
II-III 88. (PlOt, J.lf)'.1fii plt,Jlr-
liOillf1l8UJlU.1al{1I11)
HHKaMH 13 PHMe B 264 f. o H, 3. I1MeHHo B TOT 1'0/1.
llO CJlyqalO llOMI1HOBeHI1.H EpYTa Ilepa el'o CbIHOBb.H
1apK H EpYT jI,eC.HTbIM BblCTaBHJlH TPI1 napbI fJIa-
l1.l1aTOpOB Cpa)J(aTbCJT B <DOPYMC boapllo. 06 3'1'01\'1
C06hITHH CBII,Tl,eTeJIhCTBYIOT 1IHIH1M H BaJICpHM Mac-
CHMO. 0110 eIJJ.e pa3 nOl1;Tnep)K1J.aeT TOT cpaKT, liTO II B
PH Me rJIa/l,HaTOpCKHe HrphI nO.HBHJIHCh KaK lJaCTHOe
MepOIIpH.HTHe, CB.H3aHHOe C pHTyaJIO:\1 norpe6eHH.H
H 1I0MHHOBeHH.H, no aHaJIOrHl1 C TeM, KaK 31'0 npo-
XOp,HJIO B KaMoaHI1I1.
YClIex Mrp y pMMCKOM ny6JIMKM
IlecMoTp.H Ha CKYOCTh JnrrepaTypIlblX HCTOlJHIIK013
31'01'0 IICp110/J.a peBHepl1MCKOil HCTOpIlH, "fJ;a)({e <ppar-
MeIlTapIlhlC CHCCHI1.H YKa-
> . / .:- p..J,, );' 'V -:';;. : i" t :; 3 hlBalOT II a TO, <ITO 11 rp hI C
' ,,' '.' ,' ''7.y: ':i I1X nary6HhlM O<IapOBaHI1-
.. ' ..::.. ", ., .,.' <:
Ij,'j.t,: , . '" ....\ . , .;. .;1 eM O<I eH h 6 hI CTpO 3aBoeBa-
{.:; " . . '_. 1 "Q" JIH nonYJI.HpHOCTb Y pHMC-
". '" :;; ,..:; .:...-;, -!"j KOro Hapoa. B 216 r. p,o
! t !;, :\ '. :"- \
. " \,' I H. 3. 110 CJIYlJalO noxopOH
.1 · ,: '- \ l. MapKa 8Ml1JII1JI JIelll1,'1,a
1 ;"". ..
, . -, r
:t
-
14
cro Tpl1 CbIHa opraIH13013a-
JI J;J H I'P bl (JJllllllfJ), 13 KOTO-
phIX Opl11151JII1 )Tl-HIC1'IIC 22
IIapbl 600q013. B 200 r. lI,O
II. 3. no npeM.H IIOXOpOH BaJIepH.H 11 eBI1JT Cpa)KaJIOCb
Y)Ke 25 nap, a B 174 r. p,o H. 3. B Hrpax, opraHH30-
BaHHbIX THTOM <DJIaMHHHeM, - 74 napbI.
o B03pacTaI0ci1 Ba)KHOCTlI I'JIaHaTOpCKHX Hrp
B pl1MCKOM 06ecTBe rOBopllT He TOJlbKO 1I0CTO.HH-
HO paC'rYLIee lJHCJIO l'JIa,lJ.HaTOpOB - YI-laCTHI1K013, 110
11 McC'fO IIPOBC/CIIH.H IIrp. ,lJ,o 264 l'. p,0 H. 3. HrpbI
YCTpal1BaJll1Cb B <DOPYMC BoapHO - MeCTe, JH1IJICHHOM
MOHYMeHTaJIbHOrO BeJIlIlJl1.H 11 C IIJ]OIIJ.a;.HMH, npe;-
. I
II1CTOKII1 fJl AJJ,1I1 A TOPCTBA
Ha3Ha4eHHhPvlI1 fJJIJI
. } ; " }',," rOp'OBJIH. I fa411Ha.H
'. '" . / . .. . ,: .;;::t;:. c 216 I'. ,1\0 II. 3.
," ,,' . ' ... "..... "OX' '.;, " ",, \").j
,; ;";;''? ; .:...".<:, ), - . ' x: } ' , . , :: : , : , ' . '"t, ;(::-:"' " M e C TOM TI JI.H
.:(. , A:"-) , M
..
.1... 1 '" ... J'l-= . ,
r.. ..- ' · '''<'i!: :,' ,
, J' '" ;-' 1 '\ ;,1'" ,it::, :i
_'. J ,': .' ,\ ". ..t
"J :! ' .'. '!ji: ","" ',,;.' .'1
':::;: . . ' :.. . 1. · : .; ;B:t:\
. :..'>.. \. :..,:S/6: .
II pO B ep, ell II.B
'. ;,
.. . .
rJla:IH1TOpCKI1 X
60e 13 CTa HOB 111'-
C.H PI1MCKI1i1
cDoPYM, T. e.
eHTp KYJIh-
TYPHOill1 IIOJIHTH-
4eCKOH )K113HI1 PHMa,
I
"
. .,.,',
.. - -- ," .
; .... . :.:;.... )
\..'!"'....
.:.
KaK nOp;TBCp)f{p,eIll1e Toii
Ba)KHOCTI1, KOTOpaJl npHp;aBaJIaCb HrpaM. YTo6bl Bce
npHUlep,UIJle MOIJIH JI)T1..III1C BHp;eTb npOHCXOHBIIICC,
no CJIaIO npOBC1eHlul Hrp nJIOIlalh, Ba KOTOpYIO
BhJXOI1JIH 6a3HJIHKH H XpaMhJ: xpaM CaTYPHa, ,lI,H-
OCKYPHi1, xpa\1 KOIIKOpH.H, - 3aCTpal1BaJIaCh p;epe-
BJlHHblMI1 l\1HOrocTyneHQaTbIMl1 TpH6YHaMI1. Kpo-
Me TPH6YH npH npOBep;eHHH 3peJIH Heo6xop;I1MhI
6hIJII1 TaIOKe 11 60JIee cepbe3Hhie coopY)J{eHHJI. 113-
BeCTIlO, HaIIpHMep, l.JTO eH30p l'ai1lVlcHI1I':1 B 338 f.
f],0 H. 3. IIpHKa3aJI COOpyp,HTb Ila cpOPYMe 6aJIKOH,
KOTOpbliI I3II0CJICICTBI1I1 CTaJI IIpOTOTI1110\1 lIaWI1X
COBpel\leHI'IhIX 6aJIKOIIOB, JIOlPKI1i1. ECJIH CBC/I,eIIJI.H,
npHBep,eJlIIhIe 11 IIBIICM, /OCTOBepHhJ, TO -)TO nq1-
TBep)Kp,aeT He TOJIbKO CYIQccTBOBaHl1e B PHMe ap-
XHTeKTypHblX CTpOeHl1H p,JIJI npOBeellHJI 3peJIHI1,
rJlap,HaTopCKHX I1rp, HO H HX npOBep;eHl1e Bce B TOM
)Ke PHMCKOM <DoPYMe Y)f{e B KOHe IV B. p,o H. 3., T. e.
HaMHoro paHbwe, 4eM CBHJ].eTeJlbCTBYlOT P;PYI'He HC-
T04HHKH. I IO-lllIlI1:V10MY, Mbl HMCCM Cl3l1p,eTCJlbCTHa,
I10/THCp)K;J;alow,IIC O/J,HOBpCMCIIHOC rh npOBC1CIUI.H
rJIap;HcrropCKHX Hrp H 13 KaMllaIlHJI, II B PHMe. 3'1'0'1"
cpaKT ronopHT B JIOJIb3Y IIenocpep,CTBCI-IHO KaMllaHC-
Koro npOI1CXO)KP,CIIHJI HI'p.
YCnEX APEHbl
YnaAOK
TeaTpa
DJlarOCKJlOHHOCTb,
C KOTOpO ny6Jllt1 Ka
nplt1HflJla rnaAlt1aTOpCKlt1e
lt1rpbl, WJla B yep6
APyrlt1M Blt1AaM 3peJllt1,
lt1 npe>KAe Bcero TeaTpy.
Xopowo lt13BeCTeH CJlY-
4a, np0lt130WeAWlt1 B
160 r. AO H. 3., KorAa
ny6Jllt1Ka,nplt1WeAWafi
Ha KOMeAlt11O TepeH4lt1f1
CBeKpOBb, nOKlt1HYJla 3aJl
B CepeAlt1He cneKTaKJlfl
lt1 nOWJla CMOTpeTb lt1rpbl
(Ludi), YCTpoeHHbie Cbl-
HOM naBJlOM 3Mlt1Jllt1eM.
10.
. ....-
H
'.
I\.
\.
--.
-
15
"'\
'', "
.. . \1
EC1II1 pOJIb 3TPYCKOH B IIOIIY1I.HpI13aIIIl I'JIa,lJ;Ha-
TOpCKOrO I1CKYCCTlla B PHMC Ka)KCTc.H C0\1IH1TCJIbIIOii,
TO pOJIh PHIVlJUIII B ero pacnpOCTpaneHHH no BCCMY
Cpe,lJ;1l3el'\'IHOMOphIO 6eccnopHa. Y)Ke n 206 f. ,lJ;0 II. 3.
ny6JIHI1 KOpHCJIHH CqJInl10H AcppHKaHCKHH YCTPO-
HJl B KapcpareHe, B I1cnaHHH, HrpbI (n71lJJlts) n qeCTb
IIaM.HTI1 06 OTe 11 ,lJ;.H,le. 3TH I1rpbI HMeJlH 60JlblIIOH
ycnex Y MecTHoH ny6JlHKH. CIIYCT.H HeCKOJlbKO /-\e-
C.HTI1JlCTI1i1, B nO,1.TBep)l{;J.CHl1e paCTa I1HTepeCa K
rJla,lJ;l1aTOpCKI1l\l I1rpaM BO BCeM 8JlJll1Hl13H pOBaHHOM
BHH3Y. PII,JI('Klti, (]J0PY.Jl.
/ptl810ptl KOH. XIX 8.
nEPBblM «KOnM3E» PMMA
PllMCKllll <DOPYM
r,:' ,,,1'1>,
"k ft'. Jill/I"
'(. - ., I ' 11 fll
'r ._ '_W . . - f' .i'"
.; ?., ' [ ' ." I 1 " lt '"- :; (;: .
';0- :,! ' I 1 :.. ji''' ' i ,; . 1,' to .
'I,:r'i---, '.: .'1' i...1;." '::-:!<!,_.! ,',., <'.', .
_ ,'i "_, 'I ',"...
,ei. ',-, IJO 'jf : E.f
" . I; . .. t':, 1..t
t' .
iV'
,_fl1IC';(.
. ", I .."
). t." ......tI;.
", 'l h ):.'-'" II" 1H'
O lIeH b AOJl ro (B03MO>KHO,
C IV B. AO H. 3., a TOliHee,
C cepeAHbl III B. AO H. 3.)
PMCK $OPYM, 4eHTp
KYJlbTYPHO >K3H PMa, OC-
TaBaJlCfI JlI06MO nJlow.aAblO
np npOBeAeH rJlaAaTOp-
CKX rp. V1rpbl YCTpaBaJlCb
He TOJlbKO B BeliHOM rOpOAe,
-
16
. k "I w-
,.
.I'-io. 1
'1 .
,"-- " ' W;:-- .-
.........---.1. .. .1.
t ' , -- j - f ,. -
. ',' 'J,." II "'J'I I ('
i / : I,' :Ii t
,I ' 7' . 'I i '
,\.
.;
!'--
:;'itI,'h.,
.;,. , SIl......L , :i. 1 ..-
,III .._ '
HO , KaK CBAeTeJlbCTBYIOT
a pxeOJlOrlIeCKe AaH H ble,
B npOBHaJlbHbIX ropOAax:
Kocca, neCTYM, nOMne,
rAe Ha rJlaBHblX ropOACKX
nJlow.aAHX npOBOAJlCb
60 AO nOCJleAHe Kan-
Jl KpOB. CJlO>KHO npeA-
CTaBTb ce6e, KaKO BA
npHMaJl $OPYM BO
BpeMH npOBeAeHH
3TX rp. HeCOM-
HeHHO, liTO nJlow.aAb
orOpa>KBaJl CO Bcex
CTOpOH BpeMeHHbl-
M AepeBHHHbIM CTY-
neH4aTblM Tp6YHaM,
6aJlKOHaM, JlOA>KHM,
liTO cyw.eCTBeH HO
YMeHbWaJlO npOCTpaHC-
TBo,npeAHa3Ha4eHHoe
AJlH npOBeAeHH 60eB.
nOAClITaHO, liTO $0-
PYM pecny6JlKaHCKoro
nepOAa pacnOJla-
raJlCH Ha nJlow.aA
CBblwe 7000 KB. M
(5000 KB. M. 3aHMa-
Jl nocTpoK), MeJl
OBaJlbHYIO cfJOPMY
(150 M B AJlHY
50 M B WPHY).
V1CTOKV1 fJlAD,lIIA TOPCTBA
l ;j;I=. c " -.--..... .. ':"; ,.' ;;:-' - 'T' ..
I.. --', .' ... .t;,,---. , " .
. - '. r t '. J:ff;" - . ..:
>1 1 "1 11 Ioi(af- .... . ,j. I ... - ....
1\;' .-.:'" .. 01 i I.....,. .
. J I . t.._" .-.t'!"::..' , .
, , " J I ",' - 1" " '11 :l;::" I.
I ., ..J¥ . ._..... ... ..; jJ'. .
. I - J!. .::z.. ..,' . ·
. ....... oOit'.,.. "I" I. ,t ...
, .. -"I> .,J" ,' '''f._....-i:.- -..'
" " \ ,....
14-., ,f",J :" :!, \: _,
. ,, \ "';
,f1:;;.. ' '1 ....
i'W . , ,.. 'to>' .' I ' ',',
. :,! . 'jJI. '11. "-' \!' ': ,:':.'
'. I . J" !""
1,
':/
':-
. ,
-
J
(IIop,BeprIJJ eMyc,H
rpCyeCKOMY BJIIt.H-
111110) MHpe, B AI-I-
Tl10XHH (CHpHJI)
6bIJIa C03lalIa llIKO-
JIa rJIajl,HaTOpOB
(naJIeCTpa). TaM
MO,lJ;Y Ha 3TH I1rpbI
SBeJI KOpOJIb AHTH-
ox 311l1cpaHCKHti.
- :: "
"
, '"
nJlYTapx, onCbIBa
3T BpeMeHHble apx-
TeKTypH ble TeaTpaJl bH ble
coopyeH,rOBopT
o cTyneHlJaTblX Tp6YHax,
«OKpyaBWx» nJlOaAb.
Aae eCJl CKJllOlJ Tb 3
3Toro CBAeTeJlbCTBa cy-
eCTBOBaHe He60JlbWX
AepeBHHbIX MeCT AJl 3p-
TeJle no 06eM CTopOHaM,
MOHO npeAnOJlOTb, lJTO
no CJlYlJalO npOBeAeHH
rp nJlow.aAb npHMaJla
cJ:>OPMY «BbITHHYToro»
aMcJ:>TeaTpa. 80 BCHKOM
cJlYlJae, KorAa 4apb MaB-
pTaH K)6a II npKa3aJl
B cBoe CTOJl4e J{ecapH
nocTpoTb aMcJ:>TeaTp, OH
AaJl YKa3aHe npAaTb
eMY He06bllJHYIO cJ:>OPMY -
3JlJlnCa, B03MOHO nOMHH
/
'" I
4\ t, '\.
l
. , ( ,
! '
"
.
BAeHHble M B
AeTcTBe AepeBHHHbie
Tp6YHbl PMcKoro
Q>oPYMa (KOH. I B.
AO H. 3. - HalJ. I B.).
V1CnOJlb30BaHe
Q>OPYMa
npeMyw.eCTBeHHO
B KalJeCTBe apeHbl HalJHaH
C I B. AO H. 3. onpaBAblBaeT
Te CTpOTeJlbHble pa60Tbl,
KOTopble 6b1Jl npOBeAeHbl
nOA nJlow.aAblO l4e3apH
B cepeAHe I B. AO H. 3.
AJlH 06YCTpOCTBa
6YAyero OCHOBHoro
MeCTa npOBeAeH
3peJl 6blJla C03AaHa
CJlOHaH CCTeMa
nOA3eMHbiX coopyeH
nOA'beMHKOB,
He06xOAMbIX AJlH
BblXOAa B 4eHTp apeHbl
\
Cn C B a. P lI. }! nalli (jJo p J'-ll,
Blid ('(jepxy
BIII1Y. hlOonl(),71tJ//(f3tlpJ!,
(R{/lnIlKflH, JlY3ni I htJ/-/Dlf-
J[( IIII/a)
..
-{;' '
J
1
. J
'"\
rJlaAaTOpOB
AKX
BOTHbIX.
8 3TOM CJlY4ae
Q>OPYM
Cbl rpaJl pOJl b
«nOJl rOHa»,
rAe BnepBble
6b1Jl onp060BaHbi
CCTeMbl nOA3eMHbiX
KOPAOPOB nOMew.eH,
KOTopble B nOCJleAYIOeM
HenpeMeHHo 6YAYT
npeAycMoTpeHbl B KaAOM
60JlbWOM aMcJ:>TeaTpe.
1 \
\;
-
17
'.,1\ ,
CnpaBa. C11f'HO mp08Jlll.
Al030UK{J 1I3 Jllt8liitC1<OU 8UJtJtht
3JIlIII/('II. 1118. do H. J.
BHH3Y. 1i!ppOKOm08oJl
OIlOIll)'.71/l/{{J 60f78020 CJtOHO
(I rJorll£',xtlx 11 r 3)'6'1f11110ii 0(/-
lltf7HKOll HO CllUHe
-
18
TpaBJIH XUHbIX .lKUBOTHbIX
Op,HOBpeMeHHO C pa3BI1TI1eM rJIap;l1aTOpcKHX cpa-
)KeHHI1 pOlKp;aeTC.H ee OP;HH BI1f], KpoBaBbIx 3pe-
JII1Il - TpaBJI.H XI1I.l\HbIX )KHBOTHbIX (HJIH venationes).
B nOCJIep'YIOl1e BeKa TpaBJI.H CTaHeT 06.H3aTeJIbHOH
qaCTblO Hrp (nllilllis). A B nepI10p" npep,rneCTBOBaB-
1I1HH npaBJIeHHIO ABfycTa, 3Ta TpaBJUI npep,CTaBJI.HJIa
c06oI1 06bIlJHOe qHpKoBoe 3peJIHIIHOe npep,CTaB-
JIeHHe. 113JII06JIeHHbIM MeCTOM HX npOBep,eHI1.H
,lJ,OJIfOe BpeM.H 6bIJI EOJIblllOI1 IJ;I1PK, Of-
pOMHbII1 I1nnop,pOM, npocTHpaBllll1I1C.H
B ,l].OJII1He Me)K,lJ,Y XOJIMaMI1 IlaJIaTI1H
11 ABeHTI1H. IIJIHHHH CTaplllHI1, BCIlO-
Ml1HaJl HbIcTynJIeHH.H B EOJlblllOM
IJ;HpKe acppl1KaIlCKHx CJIOHOB,
3aXBalJeHHbIX Y Kapcpafe-
H.HH (251 f. p,o H.3.), He
YTOt.JH.HeT, lllJIa JIH pet.Jb 06
06bIlJHOM napap,e paHee He-
BHp,aHHbIX B PI1Me )KI1BOTHbIX
I1JI H )Ke 3'1'0 6bIJIa lJTO HH Ha eCTb
CaMa.H HaCTO.Ha.H TpaBJI.H (Er-
JJleCt1l6e1lHOJ! UCIIlOPUJ!, 8, 6, 17).
. . .
...J
l--t
:1 1 11 .,' . ),
'If" ,1 T r
, . .J ,,'
" " ..--. i " l ,"f,'" ---
'\ '. "'.
.... . . l ' \" "," \ \ I
. ' ".. . " . A \
, ',' ' . ',J ,,- ' /1 : ;,\. .' , ":
:: )a::"\\' 1 j , :I;'",
, .) if"" h, ,\
, ',. '.. " '', ,::t. "
'1' """--'i\,--'" "
f''
II1CTOKII1 fJl AD 111 A TOPCTBA
3K30TI11..JeCKHe )l{HBOTHhIe BbICTaBJLHJIHCh HanOKa3
11 B nOCJIeYlOIJJ.He p,eC.HTI1JIeTH5I. HanpI1Mep, B
197 r. p,o H. 3. Hapoy nOKa3aJIH CTpaYCOB.
A BOT 06 YCTpOeHHI1 HaCTO.Hei1 TpaB-
JIH HMCIOTC,H OCTOBepHbie CBep,eHH,H
JIHIUh C 186 f. 11,0 H. 3. B TOT 1'0,lJ. MapK
<DYJIhBHH H06HJIHOpe, Ba)l{HhIM nOJIH-
THK 11 H3BeCTHblH qeH30p C 179 f. p,o
H. 3., YCTpOHJI vfnatio (TpaBJIIO) C Y1..Jac-
THeM «3y6acThlX XI1IJHHKOB»: JIhBOB,
THrpOB H JIeOnapOB, CTaBlllHX C TOM
BOpbI «3Be3jJ;aMl1» nop,06HbIX 3peJII1IJ.
I1HTepec ny6JIHKH K TaKHM 3peJIl1ll\aM
B03paCTaJI H3 foa B ro,lJ.. CBH,[J.eTeJlb-
CT130 TOMY - nOCT05111Hoe YBeJIHy.eHHe
4l1CJIa )KHBOTIIbIX B TpaBJI51x. Y)Ke
B 169 r. ,l\O H. 3. CJHnI10H I IacHKa H KOpHeJIHM
JIeHTYJIO BhICTaBHJII1 63 acppHKaHCKI1X XI1llJ;HHKa,
cpeH KOTOpbIX CBbIIIIe 40 Mep,BeeH H CJIOHOB;
B HaqaJIe I B. /1,0 H. 3. CHJIJIa BbICTaBI1JI JI.H TpaB-
JII1 60JIee CTa JIhBOB. IloBbIllleHHIO HHTepeca K TpaB-
JIH p,HKHX :JKHBOTHbIX clloco6cTOBaJIO 11 npHH.HTl1e
3aKOHa 0 cMepTHbix lIp111'OBOpax K OTp,ay.e Ha pac-
Gmf. fa f/'IN'lIIh Itla/J1{{l C/JY/fh-
811E Ho61Ulllopr, (PUN, JlY3fli
pU./I1(KOli 1{lt8UJllt30lfUlt)
't::'' \\
fj/ V, ( L:J r?:$ lfi!-;;
'. S r-: R: N'I! r '\ l Q 'tQ,\, lo ry
',' . M- i ",. ,\ OIL...' .{).,.
C()S jj'v\8T?,,-AC 1k\.1
.. .. r-rT'\ I - T ' " ", '.; '\' ',:
.. \.t:.. J tI, 4- .. ..
. . :):;;, ":";:;
,: ." '.
... ,_..
... ".;.,
I' :.
-'
"\ ".}.' ::,
\" :' t
", (,i
. ,;/.',
, .7".I' J
. .. r I'.
. t';'1;;' ,
°r\ ; ' ' ' \ " " ';" '" ; ,, i:
...-.. 0"" , ' ,, ; ...
. _,'!f.. :
-
19
'
Tep3aHI1e I1KI1M 3Bep.H «(!afJlJlatio ad bestias). STOT
BHf-]; Ka3HH npHMeH.HJIC.H no OTHoweHHIO
K f-e3epTHpaM, BOeHHOnJIeHHbIM
1I 3ayp.HlHbIM npecTynHH-
" KaM 113 HH3IIIHX COCJIOBllii.
A "', I
.ft,; . '
....-.'\ nepBOC YIlOM H Hall He 0
-......
/ ' , " IIy6J1 H Y II 0 H Ka3 II H 0'1' Il 0-
r ' .
CI1TC.H K 167 r. fl,0 1[. 3.,
( " . KOrfl,a e e pTn p bI - H a eM -
. ,. . t
HHKH 6 hIJI 11 paCTonTaHhI
I . I 'L" I MPRO VM' ,-, CJIOHaMH (HO nOXO)l{e, YTO
ClIpana. rU/f)ltfllllOjJ-
ra31111t 11/ rjJ(l)!({ll'Il/O!
{' lJ/arJut/II/OpO_J/-
pnl/lIajJltf,J/.
(/J/HII. 'JI r J 1111/
peJlhfl!fta. (PIt.u,
j/alf 1I0llfl,1bHhlli
jJlt.JI('}llIli "J'3(l/t)
I .,\ '
BHII3Y. Ija(,}l/h
JlfaM'lI/rl rJj)(J8-
lIflZfJ PlI, J!a; !la
lll'perJllfJJf lI,llt/Hf
EO.'lhlliOli IlltjJK.
(PlI_J!. il'V3n'j
pU,J.!(I{Oli lfll8U-
o"I1I3all It II)
'I..
-c :
3'1'0 eLQe He caMa 3peJIYlLQ-
Ha.H OXOTa).
BpeM.H nOJIB.lIeHH.H 3Toro
BHp,a 3peJIHIll" CHHCKaBWel'O
113BeCTlIbIH ycnex B nOCJIeYIOLQl1e BeKa, -
146 r. IO II. 3., IIOCKOJIbKY HMellllO K 146 r. IO II. J.
OTHOCHTCJI p,OCTOBcpHoe C006IlCIIHe 0 TOM, YTO no
CJ1Y1.IalO TpI1YMcpaJIbHOHII06elbI Cql1nl1oHa 3MHJ1HJI
lIa KapcpareHO\1 Ha paCTep3aHHe «3y6acTbIM XI1II-
HI1KaM» 6bIJII1 6poweHbI e3epTl1pbI.
f....
010
CAMOE 60nbWOE 3AAHHE AnH 3PEnHIlt HA BCE BPEMEHA
60JlbWO 4pK
, ." "
. .
" ...,.....,'4
...
'\ .... , I
" ) '4' ,
)\",' , .' \, .J .
i' '-."....h
. . .... l ''\
.... -<,' +', <,...
.. ,. " ,-- ...." .
.. . -....:' . '!I\ II' ,.
> > . "", )......',.
,J..<" ,
r d \' ,", I''\.'' \, l'
.' ,,11\ \ I
' '
:\. I ,I ," .......".id... '
. ! ' t ' , ,', "
.. ,.J
-
20
I Il-1PK, 3aAYMaHHbl
l...\ee TapKBl-1Hl-1eM
n pl-1CKOM B VII B. AO H.3
Me>KAY XOnMaMl-1 na-
n a H T l-1 H l-1 A B e H T l-1 H 6 bl n
C aM bl M 6 on b W l-1 M 4l-1 p-
KOM, l-13BeCTHbIM B ApeB-
HOCTl-1. HecMoTpH Ha TO
4TO AO II B. 3AeCb 4aCTO
YCTpal-1BanaCb TpaBnH
Al-1 Kl-1X >Kl-1 BOTH blX, B OC-
HOBHOM ero l-1CnOnb30-
Banl-1 KaK l-1nnOAPOM.
KOMnneKC, npOTHHYB-
Wl-1CH Ha 600 M, n03BO-
nHn BMeCTl-1Tb 150 000
3pl-1Tene, a nocne npo-
SeAeHl-1H nepecTpo-
Kl-1 l-1 peMoHTH blX pa60T
n pl-1 HepoHe Kon l-14eC-
V1CTOKV1 fJlAJJ,V1A TOPCTBA
TaKI1M 06pa30M, KO BTOpOi1 nOJIOBHHC lIB. ,ZJ;o
H. 3. nO.HBI1JII1Cb 11 CcpOpMl1pOBaJ1I1Cb Tpl1 KJ1aCCI14eC-
KI1X BI1,ZJ;a JJlllllllS: TpaBJI51 XHllJ,HblX )l{HBOTlIbIX (VfJlat;O),
OT,ZJ;a4a npl1rOBOpeHHbIX K CMepTII Ha paCTep3aHHe
p,J1KJ1M 3Bep.HM (f/aJJIJlat;o atl bestias) 111'JIa,\l1aTopCKHe
60H. r Ipoi,ilJ,eT ec BeK, nOKa Bce Tpl1 BI1,ZJ;a I1rp COJIb-
IOTCJI 13 cf-HlIoe 3pCJIl1C, p,JI.HIIeeC51 qCJIbI:H eHb.
:- ,. r.':'''7.,-':- ':,. i;. J ' ..' ." · "','...0,,,....,.. ......,:. .!" -.;., ";,.' r.'
"t'-l'1.. '\.:-'" ," :'-:1_ ',"1" : F'...J.L
;;;', ','..,\E: ,'::r-' L\' c..-5!".r ",":...i..:,...,..,.., ";". It: 1-:; ._: _ .r
...."i I. 1 .'''1 . '-J,-"- .\ :'", "--, " I . 'I"I'f'h+r' c...._ """ ',,-
, ' .'; ';o'f; ' :J:! :'.,' ": .' , ,:IJm., -:-:',,',. . -: !.. ::".;.:
" , .--:: (t\ '.. ....t'r;'TT'IT.,.. "... '. ,,I..",,, .,. ,
't 1::t1r. .... ..._U........ ....,. PI' ", .....1)\
Of .'::=,t," __' I I ,{;.:U.;. W,\,_ :.,.. ..': , . '::. ,.
. . ,. '. , tti" , ,?:; I: ' .
.. ... H' " I \ ,:rt'J.: '. 4' \'..
'.... (1}., '- ¥' " ,"- . '\ ..."J, 10. i
"'" , '.', ' _ -.: It.
J ,- , ,\ \ 1 ': \ ' ... , ...' ' '"
".,.:' ; "'" ....-,
I - t . . \.. . ,,",,roA' " '}"
'I .. i ,: ,\: ." " ",,, "\"
ii- ,', --\,\.: c '\,
..
,...t ,
'"
,
, y", ,'. '.,
.
r
f' 1...
'''101.-, _
.. '.
.. '
'. .-'\ ." \,
'\. '\," 'I \';",
{I'.
" \, I \
"
., t"'"
.,. 'f ..I'
, .' . t J .,
-'' 'it' j,:J "'..J ..J
",_' f.' ....
BIII1:Y. b'(LlhlltOli l{lIph',
B 1/ d r r O.ff(),. U' III a.. x () jJ 0 III 0
IlfJO('.Jl/01J1 jJ II 60(' J}/('J1I{r'H1J1-
pt/.;7hHt!J{ O('h, Ht! h'OIllOPOli
6u lit B03(JrlltlltJ'lIIh1 06f'.711('-
KII .rpajJOOl!o.JI: Pt/.JI.1{'(J' II
II 'll'lIl.JtO()' III.
TBO MeCT YBenl-14l-1nOCb AO
250 000. nOcneAYJOl-1e
peCTa Bpa4l-10H H ble pa60Tbi
npl-1 AOMl-14l-1aHe l-1 TpaflHe
(KOH. I B. - Ha4. II B.)
n03BOnl-1nl-1 YBenl-14l-1Tb
p a 3 M e p bl l-1 n no A p 0 M a l-1,
KaK CBl-1AeTenbcTBYJOT l-1C-
T04Hl-1Kl-1 IV B., KOnl-14eCTBO
3pl-1TenbCKl-1X MeCT AOBec-
" .-.
\
, i
. I '
.. ,.'
,.,;
'. ,'..
" '
- ", , ,
,- I
' t...
. \:t '
Tl-1 AO 385 000. MecTa Anfl
3pl-1Tene - TpexypoBHeBafi
HaAcTpoKa C ap04Hbl-
Ml-1 npOneTaMl-1 C 3anaAHo
CTOpOHbl 3aKpblBanacb ABY-
Mfl 6aWHflMl-1 (oTnpaBHafi
T04Ka-cTapT BO BpeMfi co-
CTfl3aHl-1 Ha KOneCHl-14ax),
caMa AOpO>KKa Anfl 6eroB
6blna pa3AeneHa CTpO-
eHl-1eM,npOTflHYBWl-1MCfI
60nee 4eM Ha 300 M, BAonb
KOToporo 6bln l-1 pa3Mee-
Hbl cTaTYl-1 l-1 B03BeAeHbi
ABa 06enl-1CKa (B 1587 r.
o6en l-1CKl-1 nepeHecn l-1 Ha
nnoaAb HapoAa l-1 nno-
aAb CaH-A>KOBaHHl-1-l-1H-
JlaTepaHo ).
-
21
Pa3Bl1Tl1e I1HYCTpl1l1
u
pa3BJIeQeHl1l1
_ VMNVK4 . Bep60BKa
maAl-1aTOpOB
, "J' ,
,", ' . 06Y4eHl-1e
,,', Cpa>KaTbCH
}...-: -"....- . '.,
. r.i,f '" t , . KaTerOpl-1l-1 6040B
..L ,r:,.," _ '
" . {'. ,
"1.1. -- 1 '- . '
' T "\ l
. .....,/ l
",.....
... "'"' -.....
',\
}. '-2.. 1 , "V-
.: . .;..
"..( . .
;('f;: .1
'\ '-",\
=-... ,\ \:."11-
I ,;..... \". .
;- , ,
" -. t ,,_r.._ \'
,
\., .
" :
. ' ,\
.. .
, , .
, . , , "t,
.. ". . .. '" \Ii I
. Apyrl-1e rpynnbl
maAl-1aTOpOB
. BeHOmOpbl
l-1 Al-1Kl-1e >Kl-1BOTHble
rJ10aUOmOpcmBO, nORBUBWeeCR KOK CMepmeJ1bHOR U2pO U U3HOLJ0J1bHO CBR30HHOe C no-
2pe60J1bHblM 06pRaOM, C pOCmOM UHmepeCO ny6J1UKU K HeMY OLJeHb 6blcmpO npeBpOmU-
J10Cb B MOCCOBOe 3peJ1Ue. J1 XOmR ee OLJeHb a0J120 2J10aUOmOpCKUe CpOJKeHUR cjJOp-
MOJ1bHO COXPOHRJ1U CBR3b C nOMUHOJ1bHbIMU 20aOBUHOMU U nOXOpOHHblMU 4epeMOHURMU,
B nepUOa n03aHe20 pecny6J1UKOHCK020 nepUOaO OHU CmOHOBRmCR 3cjJcjJeKmUBHblM UHC-
mpYMeHmOM nOJ1UmULJeCKoiJ npOn020Habl. TeCHO CBR30HHble C UHmpU20MU BJ10CmU 2J10-
aUOmOpCKUe U2pbl n03B0J1RJ1U HoiJmu 20pOHmUpOBOHHYlO nOaaepJKKY y nJ1e6co BO BpeMR
BbI60pOB. npOKmUKO UX UCn0J1b30BOHUR KOK UHCmpYMeHmO BJ1URHUR HOCmOJ1bKO YKOpe-
HUJ10Cb, LJmO B 63 2. aO H. 3. l./U4ePOH, 6yaYLJU m02aO KOHCYJ10M, npUK030J1 U3aOmb 30KOH,
30npeoBwuiJ J11060MY KOHaUaomy ycmpouBOmb 2J10aUOmOpCKUe U2pbl B meLJeHUe aBYX
J1em nepea Bbl60pOMU (3aKOH TYJlJlfI npOTB 3J1oynoTpe6JleH).
-
22
. ,
'-
,..,
.'i {t.
''\. \t\
Vf '
1,
,' ", ,
... 't',' : '
..
.. .'
. \., Jr
..
, ,'" ,
,--\
.t ,j
, 'f
.1 '
, , , .' -'--::t:;- .
.. a .;. '-.-r-:"
, -
,-, .
.".
'1'"' ,
-.....
B OTJIIP'Il1e 01' OrpaHI11.Hl-Il1i1, BBe)J.eHHbIX )J.JIJI
lIpOlleleHI1.ff rJIa1l.l1aTOpCKI1X I1rp 110 IIOJIHTI1-
1.JeCKI1M MOTI1BaM, TpaBJIJI ;:I1KI1X 3BepeH, BX01l.I1B-
IIIa.ff B npOrpaMMbI ql1pKOBbIX I1rp, BKJII04aJIaCb
B npa3jJ.HeCTBa B 06.H3aTeJIbHOM nOpJI1l.Ke. 3)J.I1JIbI
11 KBeCTOpbI jJ.OJI)KHbI 6bIJIl1 YCTpal1BaTb I1X B qeCTb
CBoero BCTynJIeHl1.H B jJ.OJI)KHOCTb. BnOJIHe 1I0H.HTHO,
l.ITO CaKpaJIbllbIH ('1JZtlfflY( I'JIap.l1aTOpCKIIX I1I'P HC 1103-
BOJI.HJI BJIaCrJIM KOIITpOJIl1pOllaTb I1X, l.JTO 13 IICpI10p'
IIpaBJIClIlUI OKTaBHaHa ABrycra MOI:JIO 06CPllYTbC.H
IIClIpHJITIlOCTJIMI1 13 0611CCTBe, I1CTp33HHOM )J.e-
CJITI1JIeTIII1MH rpa)K)J.aHCKHMII nOHHaMH. 061Ie-
CTnO CTapaJIOCh o6'he1l.I1III1TbCJI, ,l),Onepl1Tb HJIaCTb
e1l.I1HCTBeHHOMY 4eJIOBeKY - OKTaBl1aHY, IIpl1eM-
HOMY CbIHY IOJII1.H I e3apJI. rJIa,ZJ;l1aTOpCKMe I1rpbI
KaK MOllHbIi1I1HCTpYMeHT ynpaBJIeHMJI MaCCaMI1,
OK3)KI1Cb OHI1 B IIJIOXI1X pYKax, IIeCJII1 6bI 60JIb-
UIYIO OIIaCllOCTb. OK'raBHaII IIOlIl1MaJI 3TY OIIac-
IIOCTh, II03TOMY Oll cpa3Y)Ke llOlIhIT3JICJI YJlalI1Th
PA3BV1TV1E V1HDYCTPV1V1 PA3BJlE'-IEHV1t11
" ..... I
\'1
'/'
",..-
, '.. i-' T
\:::='
, '
\. tlt
a
1'"'1
o
..,
0-
ut.
.....
r-r
o
::::J
r+
;,;
1/1
r+
o
BHepxy. ffJUlIOOflPfll{lIJl,
1I306p{/JI({1I0llj{/Jlllplt6eIllOIl611e
/lotfnhl//lOlf'li. BIIIOpflJlIlOJI.
XIX (I.
BUI1:JY. {;KjUlbllll(VpItUli 1I0p-
IllPem A62yaJlfl. llep{]flJl nO.Il.
1 {]. }!fllideH (I K,ote (KJ'llle),
(I 'l'YPlf!t!t. (CI/III.lI,t6y./I, IpX('OJIO-
lll'f('Oal if JJlj'3n'i)
...
'/"
"'::.
,....
',.
-
23
i!
. .1
CAMblM 3HAMEH&r1TbIW rnA.Q&r1ATOP
Mcp 0 (napraKe
l/ apn MapKC, KpOMe
r\BCerO np04erO, rny-
60K 3HaTOK ApeBHerO
Mpa, OnCblBaeT cprypy
caMoro 3BeCTHoro rna-
AaTopa Bcex BpeMeH TaK:
«CnapTaK - caMbl nOT-
pHcalOL4 06pa3e4 Bce
CTOp ApeBHero Mpa.
BenK nonKOBOAe4, 6na-
ropOAHbl npeACTaBTenb
ApeBHero nponeTapa-
Ta». TaK Ha4HanCH
Mcp 0 CnapTaKe.
HenpepblBHO K04YH
no KHraM cpnb-
MaM, 3TOT Mcp
o HeM mBeT
cerOAHH.
B pean b-
HO m3-
H Cnap-
TaK 6bln
..
. .
. :-
( ;r..
.
repoeM,
nonaBWM
B Mp cpaHTa-
3 CTaB-
W CBepx-
4enOBeKOM
eL4e AnH
CBOX COB-
peMeHH-
KOB. Ero
m 3 H b,
AO Toro
KaK OH
-
24
, ' I
"' , , f
, I' I . ( \J
'. "t .
" 'I
. , " 1
I I" I '"
"ll' hlf'ji., lll, . :1\1,/ i '\
I \
.. ".Il\..,
.\
CTan rna-
AaTopOM,
nOKpblTa
TaHo. no MHeH1O An-
naHa, CnapTaK, cppaKe4
no npoCXO}f{AeHIO, 6bln
pMCKM conAaToM 3a
Ae3epTpcTBO, cornaCHO
nproBopy, oTAaH B rna-
AaTopbl. no MHeH1O me
ctJnopa, CnapTaK 6bln HaeM-
HKOM,Ae3epTpOBan,pa3-
60H4an, a nOTOM BAPyr
HeomAaHHO pewn
36paTb «Kapbepy» rna-
AaTopa,nonaraHCb
CKnI04TenbHO
Ha CBOIO cp-
34eCKYIO
cny. }t{eHa
CnapTaKa,
HaAeneHHaH
npop04ec-
K M AapOM
CKnOHHaH
K 3K3anb-
6
t"'I
o
.."
s:
III
-
t"'I
o
::J
C.1
o
Ta4HM,
Tome BHecna
CBO BKnaA
B C03AaHe 06-
pa3a Myma KaK
CBepX4enOBe-
Ka. CTOpOH-
HK Cnap-
TaKa TaKme
BAe-
n B HeM
3araA04Hbie
CBepXb-
eCTeCTBeHHble cnoc06HOC-
T. CTOpK eAHOAYWHbl
B oncaH 3TanOB, npo-
AeHHblX CnapTaKOM ero
BOCKOM, COCTOHBWM 3
rnaAaTopOB oCB060m-
AeHHblX pa60B, B TOM,
4TO OH 6bln CMepTenbHO
onaCHOCTblO AnH caMoro
PMa. CnapTaK rpynna
rnaAaTopOB 3 rnaAa-
TOpCKO WKonbl HeKoero
JleHTyna E>aTaTyca B Kanye
BOCCTan B 73 r. AO H. 3.
Cpa3Y me nocne BOCCTaHfI
OH YKpblnCb Ha Be3YB,
rAe B Te4eHe HeCKonbKX
MeCH4eB K HM npcoeA-
HnCb TbICH4 6ernbiX
pa60B. L\cppbl, XOTb He-
T04Hble, HO pe4b AeT 0
60nee 4eM 40 000 4enOBeK,
a no nOAC4eTOM AnnaHa
BOCCTaBWX 6blno OKono
70 000. PMnHHe Aonro
HeAo04eHBan onaCHOCTb
3Toro BocKa, Ha6paHHoro
3 pa60B, HanpaBnH-
n cpamaTbcH C nOBcTaH4a-
M He06cTpenHHHbie BO-
CKa nOA KOMaHAoBaHeM
HeOnblTHblX nonKoBoA4eB,
cnoc06cTBYH TeM caMblM
PA3BV1TV1E V1HDYCTPV1V1 PA3BJlELJEHV1111
n pOABl-1>KeH l-1 JO
BOCK (nap-
TaKa B rny6b
nonYOCTpOBa.
rOpoAa: Hona,
H04epa, MeTa-
nOHTO - nona-
, "
n l-1 B PYKl-1 nOBC- I
TaHeB, l-1 CKOpO
l-1M OTKpblnaCb
Aopora Ha MOAeHY. Heo6b-
flCHl-1MO,n04eMy,nepeAH
AnneHl-1Hbl, (napTaK He
nowen Aanbwe, a nOBepHyn,
YCTpeMHCb Ha Pl-1M. 3TO MO>K-
HO 06bHCHl-1Tb Bpa>KAe6Hb1M
npOTl-1BOCTOHHl-1eM BHYT-
pl-1 BOCKa (napTaKa KenbTO-
repMaHCKO rpyn-
nbl, >KenaBWe
n pOABl-1 raTbCfl Ha
ceBep, l-1 cfJpaKl-1i1-
CKO-l-1Tan l-1 CKO,
HaMepeBaBwei1cH
n pOAOn>KaTb
BOHY Ha nonyoc-
TpOBe. B03MO>KHO,
4TO B MOAeHe 3Ta
BTopaH cfJpaKl-1-
CKO-l-1Tan l-1 i1 CKaH
rpynnl-1pOBKa,
n peBOCXOAl-1 Bwafl no 4l-1C-
neH HOCTl-1 nepBYJO, l-1 Bbl HY-
Al-1na (napTaKa nOBepHYTb
BOCKO B JO>KHOM HanpaBne-
Hl-1l-1. nOBCTaH4bl, COBepwaH
"
,
Ha6erl-1, rpa6e-
>Kl-1 l-1 rpOMfl pl-1 M-
nHH, npownl-1 OT
JlYKaHl-1l-1 AO nl-1-
4eHO. (napTaK, no
paCCKa3aM Pl-1M-
,-
I CKl-1X l-1CTOpl-1KOB,
, 3anHTHan ce6fl
1', 6eC4enOBe4HO
>KeCTOKOCTbJO, 3a-
CTaBnHfl, B Ka4eCTBe B03Me3-
Al-1H, pl-1 MCKl-1X nneH H blX cpa-
>KaTbCfl Ha rnaAl-1aTOpCKl-1X
3penl-1ax l-1nl-1 npl-1HOCfl l-1X
B >KepTBY (Hanpl-1Mep, cny-
4a l-1X >KepTBOn pl-1 HoweH l-1fl
Ha MOrl-1ne CBoero copaT-
Hl-1Ka l-1 APyra Kpl-1cca). Ha
npOTH>KeHl-1l-1 ABYX
neT (napTaK, KaK
BTOpOi1 raHHl-16an,
rpa6l-1n pl-1MnHH.
TonbKO B 71 r.
AO H. 3. Pl-1 MnH He
't nopY4l-1nl-1 onblT-
HOMY nonKOBOAY
Kpaccy pa3rpo-
Ml-1Tb (napTaKa.
3aKn J04l-1TenbHOe
Cpa>KeH l-1e COCTO-
HnOCb B OKpeCT-
HOCTHX ropOAa 6Pl-1HAl-13l-1.
B pe3ynbTaTe 6ecnoaAHoi1
6l-1TBbl BOCKO nOBcTaH4eB
6blno pa3rpoMneHo. Pen-
peccl-1l-1 co CTOpOHbl pl-1MnHH
'" '
.-:-' ,
''',
. ' '. , f
6>#1 . ..' '.
,-I
6blnl-1 04eHb CypOBbl:
60 000 cnapTaH4eB y6l-1Tbl,
6000 3a>Kl-1 BO pacnflTbl
Ha KpecTax BAonb AO-
porl-1 OT Pl-1 Ma AO KanYl-1.
(aM (napTaK norl-16 KaK
repo, HO M bl He 3HaeM,
HaWnl-1 nl-1 l-1 rAe 3axopo-
Hl-1nl-1 ero Teno. 3TOT cfJaKT
l-1 cnoc06CTBOBan C03Aa-
Hl-1JO Ml-1cfJa 04enOBeKe,
KOTOpbl i1 B Te4eH l-1e Tpex
neT Aep>Kan nOA yrp030
caMoe Cl-1nbHOe BOCKO
B Ml-1pe.
!{{/()jJU lI3 !pu. 'lIJit{{ CnapTal\
(1960) p(J/(lI(,(,fpa CmJII-
Jilt 1}'6pllJ{{[ (1928-1999).
/{ltjJlC /(J'z.lt/(' (I jJo. 'lit Z,'/(f()lI-
{/Ill 0 jJa - rft p{llaUt If a, '..:0 mop bllt
8 me'leHUf mpfX .lIe/II depJl('{ul
nod J'Zp030lt jJlI.iJI0W{J 80ltOW,
II Jlopnl(, OJIlI8hf (/907-1989),
('UZPflBlllltli POJlh IlOJlIC0600Zfll
!{jJa{'('{I.
-
25
CI1TyaQl1lO, B3J1B no rocyapcTBeHHbli1 KOI-lT-
pOJIb TalOKC CaMO llpOBC,LI,CHI1C rJIap,HaTOpC-
KHX Hrp. B 22 r. p,o H. 3., CllYCf,}J lI.HTb JIeT
nOCJIe npHCBOeHI1J1 OKTaBI1aHY nOLIeTHO-
fO HMeHH AnrYCT (ABrYCT - «nhICOKHH,
CB.HIICHIlbIH, BCJIHKHH», HMJI nepCIIIJIO
Ila Bcex nOCJIe/l,YIOIlI1X HMnepaTOpOB),
nOJlBIIJICJI 3aKOH, KOTOpbIH He TOJIbKO or-
paHHQHBaJI rJIa[l,l1aTOpCKHe BbIcTynJIeHHJI, HO
11 Tpe60BaJI 3anpaWI1BaTb pa3peilleHI1e Ha HX npOBe-
p,CHHe y CeHa'ra. C 31'01'0 BpeMCHl1 B PI1Me QaCTHbIC
JII1Qa 60JIbWe He f\,10fJII1 YCTpaI1BaTb rJIap;l1aTOpCKl1e
c _
, ;:;-- - \
.., 'J ,,,
f}lf.J.
«)\f(( I
Cnpana. 1'fppolio-
1/108aR Jla"MnaOKa
8 rJOjJ. 'IN) 2JI{U)1I-
OlllOpOW20
lIlJlfJJ1{1. III 8.
(PlUI, flallll-
':::;:;:'. ;"i "::,,
.:-\-. ,/,,'
: -'- .. . 'i
. , ',",'
, , 'f!
\, '; t -',1 "
'" tilt
OIl{UIMIMlI,JlJ'3(}1I
R1UlJ7a-I(.)/{J'J71lJl)
BIIH:JY. IllU}.AIII3l1tJWJIU
2.11001la/llOpOB 2. flo.,"tnnt.
(}{eafloAb,}{aijIlO/lflAbIlUU
ajJxfOJIOllt1ffYJClIli JJtJ'3t'ii)
','
'...
Hrpbl, H ep'HHCTBellHbIMH JIeraJlbHbIMH Opl'aHH3aTO-
paM H OCTaBaJIHCb HM llepaTOp H HOBbie K13eCTOpbI'I
BCTynHBIlIHe B p,OJDKHOCTb. Ila'--IIIHaJl C I B. K13eCTOpbl
6blJIH 06J13aHbi e)KerOlHo BnOCHTh orpOMIlbie CYMMbi
Ha HrpbI.
MHoronKH «63HE(»
3apa6oTaTb Ha rJlaAaTOpaX
Y CTPOTeI1 rJlaAaTOp- j "
CKX rp - MYHepa-
puu He pa3 CTaHOBIMH1Cb I.
>KepTBa- r.
M IA aI1 "- --..... '! i t ...":)
VI , .. ", I "..... ') "-I."
I
HblX . \- J.J.... . \...
6 f/ , ' .
Tpe 0- , ", ," t
If. . ' , 4{
BaH ,\f. . t '-""
,. . \,)0., ir:
\ !r.-" -!::
Tpe-
HepOB,
KOTopble 6e3
KOJle6aH
3aJlaMb1BaJl 6ac-
HOCJlOBHble CYMMbl
3a CBOX o6YLJeHHbiX aT-
JleTOB. BeAb B CJlYLJae
CMepn.1 604a
YCTpOTeJlb rp
AOI1>KeH 6blJl
3anJlaTTb He
TOJlbKO CYMMY
KOHTpaKTa
no HaMY, HO
OnJlaTTb
CTOMOCTb
>K3H no-
r6wero
rI1aAaTO-
pa, KOTopaH MOrI1a COCTaB-
JlHTb AeCHTK TblCHLJ
.\
'\
,
,.
.---,
-
26
....
ceCTep4.3apa60TOK
TpeHepOB, cpeA KOTOpblX
MOrJl cfJrYPpOBaTb >KeH-
Hbl, KaK HeKaH reKaTa,
YCTpOTeJlbH4a rp Ha O.
Tacoc B rpe4, 6blJl TaKOB,
4TO B KOH4e II B. rocYAapc-
TBO MOrI10 nOJlYLJaTb OT HX
B KaLJeCTBe OnJlaTbl HaJlOrOB
MJlJlOHbl cecTep4. no-
JlO>KTb KOHe4 nOCTOHHHO
pacTYM 4eHaM cnoc06c-
TBOBaJlO BMeWaTeJlbCTBO
MapKa ABpeJlH. OH YCTaHo-
BJl TBepAble 4eHbl, KOTOpblX
Bep60BKa rJIaf];HaTOpOB
OKTaBl1aH ABrYCT lIOJIO)KI1JI KOHeq 6eCKOHTpOJIbHOMY
IIp013ep,CHI1IO rJIal1aTOpCKIIX I1l'p, KOTOpbIe 13 [lCpHO
ero IlpaBJICHHJI IIpC13paTI1JIHCb B IICOTbCMJICMYIO lIaCTb
MaIlIHlIbI 3peJIHII KaK B PI1MC, TaK II B npOBHIILJ,HJlX.
npOBO/l,I1JII1Cb I1rpbI no onpe/l,CJICHHbIM npaBvlJIaM,
OCHOBHbIM I1X npe[l,IIa3Ha4eHI1eM CTaJ10 pa:1BJIeKaTb
TIJIe6c. (3n1130[l,114eCKI1 elle BnJIOTh p,o HaqaJIa lIB.
fJIap,l1aTOpCKl1e I1rpbI YCTpaI1BaJII1Cb KaK 4aCTb nOf-
pe6aJIbHOrO plrryaJIa, HO 3'1'0 6bIJII1 OqeHb pel--l.Kl1e
CJIY4avl.) «KJIaCCI14eCKOI» MOeJII1 npOBep,eHI1J1 IJIa-
l--I.l1arOpCKHX I1rp (nUll/US), CJIO)KI1BWeHCJI B uepl1op,
IIpaBJICHI1Jll\.BrycTa, npl1p,ep)KI111aJII1Cb H 06.H3aTeJlb-
HOM IIOpJlfJ.Ke p,o II03[1,IIerO lIepl10fa aHTI1{IIIOI'O Ml1pa:
Tpa13JIJI p,I1KIIX )KI1BOTl-IbIX - yrpoM, lIepCpblB B 1l0JI-
[l,eHh OTBO;HJICJJ Ha aKpo6aTII'-IeCKl1e I1JII1 3peJIHIIHble
ny6JIII4HbIe Ka3HI1, II, HaKoHeq, B nOCJIenOJIYl1;eHIIoe
BpeMJI YCTpal1BaJII1Cb rJIap,l1aTOpCKl1e 6011.
TpeHepbl 06BaHbl 6bl/l np-
Aep>KBaTbCH.
EC/l CTaTYC HaCTaBHKa rna-
AaTopOB, He C4TaBwi1cH
MYH4na/lbHO AO/l>K-
HOCTbK>, BcerAa
6bl/l OKpY>KeH
Bce06M
npe3peHeM,
TO ocfJ4-
all bH ble rocy-
AapCTBeHHble
/l4a ycnew-
HO 3aHMa-
63HeCOM Ha r/laAaTopCTBe.
HanpMep, KorAa YCTpaBa-
/lCb MnepaTopCKe rpbl,
TO YCTpOTe/l rp OT /l4a
MnepaTopa
MOr/l pac-
C4 Tbl-
BaTb Ha
CKa304Hbie
3apa60TK,
AO 200 000
cecTep4 B rOA.
TaKoB 6bl/l 3apa60-
TOK OTBeTCTBeH Horo
ynpaB/lHK>erO caMo
60/lbWO MnepaTopcKoi1
na/leCTpbl PMa - Magnus.
\.
J:
;
- '{, I
, , d I . ) .; r
,jj "
. #-'
, . /i:t'l "',
'fl ' r
"..:. 'j :"'" , rr
J ,
,\ t
\'
).
!I
. 1
/lCb, nO/lb-
3YHCb CBOe
AO/l>KHOCTbK>,
). .z. ,.,..
'"
PA3BV1TV1E V1HDYCTPV1V1 PA3BJlEYEHV1C1
BII H:JY. C/JpflZAU'/I!/l 'I10Jt/ll-
Kl1 { lt306pOJ/(fHUf./l-l rpa.JI(fHlIJl
zJladutl/llOp08. IV 8./(t !/l{Ulh
1I{IIIO,7h/{OIO /lOhjJbtl/lIlJI, 06-
lIapJ'.}I((H1!aJl 8 TfPP{IlIJ'08U
INl Y./tltllf 1'YOW./l{/1!{/ 8 PU,Jte.
(PlOt. l{lJt{'j){JJt h'OPlf3(J)
IIIDKc. PeJlbf!p C lt306paJ/(e-
ltl/{J./Jl {'P flJ /((J1tllJllJUU)lIalllOp08,
1I{lli(}('IIIIUii 1I{/ Y/11I11f' 1l,IIlIlJl.
III 6. (Pl1,Jl, lllj'3flf K{/lll1-
1Il0,UIJI)
At VMNVSVlS
tff -_. \ F" -,
. J .... '1 1,,=f'Jf
<' ",,,-, ':'.", -t..>
, . ,......p., ' I
._..--.:. '" I'
-- .;v " -;"1' ... \
',: -;,-. "f,' .t"A ..' ""..;: >,,. \
. ..i\. ,....,......... ...' .
. jij;:;:l j ': ,
.-".". , t ' , ., ) ,
::. ',,', '"" ;:>. " '\ "I"
v'") I '\.:: , ;P , < G-,r I .'J v,...'>
>- «"; "-, 'J I' Ci. I I \;'T',
:2: I :':""" . ' :', ',:;{ ' . ' , \1':' \ ,. ; . q:j:,
U :'!? ",\. ,, ,.. .' 1:: " I t A '
;J\I'''i1 ;'" - Of I/t
L.... \ \''f' ..-',....
-r ..... ,....
,,_i. ',:::::l-; ..
... - ;,,':3i"''''; t''''''-''.J''
-'.'., 1 :.:=- . .;." F; ..._... . -
, .,'. . ::';"s::.. nffl::i:lt .... .'" :.,\""",:'''-<';'ij1 ;t j
. ."lJ.".... ..... . . ."
. . .
.... . r'..'. J \ ,1\ , .. "'., ;,. .... I
nOAAaHHble, Ha4HaH OT
KOHK>WeHHbIX AO ApeK-
TOpOB rp, a TaK>Ke npo-
KypaTopw,3aBeAoBaBwe
AoxoAaM MnepaTopa B
npoBH4 C >Ka/lOBaHbeM
60 000 cecTep4 B rop"
nOAe/l/l MnepK> Ha
30Hbl, B KOTOpblX 3aH-
Ma/lCb nOCKOM HOBblX
peKpYToB A/lH nOnO/lHeHH
MnepaTopcKX BBapeB.
-
27
fiJ :
"If
CIIpana. JlpfUtopllhlii 6flpr-
.Jl hfrP r lI,106pfl.J/rfHlI f.M 3flX8fl-
JlUI 80('1111011. 'It II HOIO. llr'/>lIod
IIJ/lu'jJlIlt. (H{II/lll/l{l/l, If)'J(}li}
BIIII3Y. ClI!all!J'Jlll 8. /I,/l-ll1f-
/>all!o/)(/ IIrJjJlt(l/l(/ ('1l08f'jJ.J/(f'II-
HbLlf 8flP8{/PO.Jl Y {'IO HOI. II 8.
(Cm fUrt 6)'.//, A pxeo.ll OZl/'1 {' (l{U il
A/J'3ni)
PCcpOpMbI KOCHYJII1Cb
11 ocnexoB rJIal-l,l1aTopoB:
OHI1 TO)Ke 6bIJIH '1'04110 oro-
BOpCHbl. 110 I1pC)Kll,e, '"-IeM
I1CpCMTH I{ paCCMOTpCHHIO
{l,OCIICXOB, 06paTll BIH1Ma-
Hlte Ha TO, KaK I1POXO/l.I1JIa
Bep60RKa rJIa;l1aTOpOB,
KTO OHH 6bIJIH no npOHC-
XO)Kp;eHHIO H KaK lllJIO HX
06yqeHHe.
C Ha'--Ialla nO.HBJIeHHJI l'JIap;HaTOpCTBa COCTaB HO-
B06paHeB cpOpI\1I1pOBaJIC.H I1peI1MyecTBeHHO 113
BOCHlIOIJlleHHbIX, I1pl1l'OBOpeHHbIX K CMepTI1 11 pa-
60B. I1McHa IJla,rI,Il,-l'rOpOB, 11::JBeCTHble 110 Ha/rp06-
HblM Hai1I1Hc.HM, nOp;TBCp)Kll,aIOT 31'0: 6LIBIIIMe pa6bI
0003HaYCHbI cpaMHlIbIlbIM HMCIIeM - HX 60lIblIlHlIC-
THO; B noxopOHHhIX 3nHrpacpax MorYT 6hITb YKa3£.lllhI
«apeHHbIe» IIp03BHIu.a (I-IaIlpIlMep, 11lf..;,;rfUS (<<I Ieno-
6e)KfI,eHHbIH»), Ferox (<<OTBa)KHbIH»), HfrrulfS
(<<lepKYJIec») 11 T. )J,.), HO OHl1 lIe Bcerp;a
n03BOJI.HIOT onpep;eJIl1Tb COQI1aJIbHOe nOJIO-
)KCHl1e l'JI£.1p,l1aTopa. BIIpO'--ICl\l, B p.Hp;ax rJIa;J,l1-
aTopOB He 6bIJIO I1CKJIIO'"-leHl1eM 11 IIPHCYTC-
T13l1e CB060;I,IIbIX JIloj\ei1, OC06CHIIO 1I0ClIC
'1'01'0, KaK HMlIcpaTOp A'l,pl1£.UI (117-13)
..r l7 f,f... t
:J} I "'t'
'.; ''p f
r ' .
t "
:;1W \
. q.,
,;,) )..... \ 'v . I
\ < / '-"' 1 - 1 : /11 f t,
I(-I I .l : '. , .
1!1l r IIn i ..-
"1 I I ,
I )-J. ,.f 'j;, . '
, ,.; 1('''' '\'
I II \:\,.... ."
. I '.!}«. . f 1 \.
r i , : .#..
. \ ,I II"
J I ",.
"
"-
-
28
* \
1 . ",.
..,.,
I(( :(-' :-' , .....
' I" .
\\.
,I'" ", .... ..........
:,';;. . ,''"
"".
! .:,
\.. ,
'\' . Oi, ,
...,J:; 1,
,", .... ......."
'} " '!;,
, \>-1.':, . ...' '.
,,' j. ;
. .'
, .' I
'"1\
I It - "'¥,.j..
"
'",
v
)'
&,.. .
'
" f
CllOHM 3aKOHOM 3anpCTl1Jl npO;a)KY pa-
60n TpCIICpaM-JIalI HCTaM f'JIa1\H3TOp0I3.
n pe/l;CTaBHTCJI11 pl11CKOH 3HaTH TO)J(e
OTBa)KI1BaJII1Cb BbIXO/1;I1Tb lIa apeHY, IG1K
31'0 CJIyYI1JIOCb, HaIIpl1Mep, B 57 1., Korp;a
Cpa)KaTbC.H BbIlllJII1 400 ceHaTopoB 11 600
BC£.1tJ,HIIKOB. B03MO)KHO, 31'£.1 lIpaKTI1K£.1
TaK YKopCHl1JIaCb ec 13 IIpe[I,WeCTBO-
U'-l13WI1C ,LJ,C.HTl1l1eTl1.H, q fO 110 rp6o-
naJIOCh /\a)Ke 113/1,£.1'1'1, )J;Ba 11,cKpcTa
\"
(B 1111 19 rro), 4T06bI 3anpeTI1Tb ceHaTopaM, Bca(1.HII-
KaM 11 I1X pOlHbiM no c06cTBeHHoMY )KeJlaHI1IO I1lJ;Tl1 B
rJIa/l1aTOpbI l1JII1 yqacTBoBaTb B I'JIajJ,HarOpCKI1X cpa-
fKCHl1.HX. A B03MOiKHO, 31'0 6bIJIl1 JIl1111h OTAeJIhHhie
CJlY4al1, 110 OHII r0130pJIT 0 Toi1I1pI1T.HraTeJIbHOI,i Cl1JIe
I,}IalIaTopC'r13a, KOTOpbIM 6hIJIH YBJlelICHbi J[ IO":H BCCX
COCJI013I1H TOM )[[OXHo
I Ie 6YlI,eM I1X nYTaTb C orpOMllbiM 4HCJ[OM Jllo;J;ei1
CH06oll,IIbIX, KOTophie 106pOBo.lIhHO BhI611paJIl1 3TO
nOIlpUII\e: no He06xO/1.l1MOCTl1, n HajJ,e)Kp,e Ha JIerKl1H
3apa60ToK, n IlOI1CKaX CJ1aBbI. JhlllIb OTIIT lVIOI'}Il1 npejJ,-
JIO)KI1Th ce6J1 HaCTaBHI1KaM fJIaAl1aTOpOB, OTKa3aB-
111l1Cb Ila nepl1o nop;06HoH pa60Thi no Halh1Y 01' Bcex
PA3BlI1TlI1E II1HJJYCTPII1I11 PA3BJlEYEHV1t11
BIIH:Y. /{OI/(/./111 ,I!O'/(/II-
Nil (I{(}!I. III B.) 11.1 rut. VIM
l)ow,i'lO; JJ}1O HC llp00110
O()ItO 1/3 ('(IAlhlXjJO(1I01llIlblX
II rJ(' 11/(/. 711:m porl(/ 1111 blX /1,106-
pa,)J(cltllii Z./ZOOll([Il/Oprh'llx IIZp
(muncra), ([ 1I1cd(8p dpf8Hf-
P"AIOW10 /I('!{J'(,(,!llflfl 1l0.1rhlf'!O
llCpIlOO([ i1. Jlll(P1l1l. (PII,1/,
1 CIJlejJeJl Eopze3c)
:' u(m :psV,> , , :'. :¥,: ":, . ,S,,{:,,,_H ,>t" <t<.j...', '_ " ,.;,
, '1':':' . . \: )):'<., '.',' :':'}vi'pv [\fVSIiNs ,J,nfCIBV': '" ij-' A.. ' :: { "
{- ,",. :', -'.. '" 'It "..., ,- &.I ..:P-., i 'I: .. "'. ! .,. " " ''I r t: . " \ . ," 1,t' , 'F
: '...,: . '; , \ . '\.: . ' & -::,t' ..' , " : '\\ ' ' t ; ' ' , . 4J\J}:.. -, ., :: O .. D '
1.'\ ,, ,, r ,..1Mt:. ......' . f -, . N
:'ijlli _-3.:. .... \.1' ': "";:"'''''', ,. t.. ' ' \ . ,. ,,;} . ...', > ".,.'
". ','''' . '../" 'c'"" ',',; 1 -" . .":'-'" ',".' '.. .. > '1" ,'-' '.' <, ,'L' -: ," .',:, €.uA' 0, ,,:"-e-
, I,j , ' , ' , -) .'\ '''-'''' - -' '.' $'" '1 , ' "'?"I, "'>,. .
i. ',", '' .:' '"'_'" \ ::'o.,r....'-" ':,' \:. ',;, ' ;\\'\\ ' .:: ,' ";"""F,-',,'> " ....\','
""', -, .'''-M\!;;: ,t" ,'. :1/\, .' j 'i fi ,\\£b,." k5, " ':'1D"' J :'".' "', "
.t-' ...: . ." "(., ...tJ._: '\ . I-J" , ..- ....\ h: III \! ....-"r. t.1 II -&; " .... :
, ....:. "'"':' ' ..... ... j' .. ,t '!:'" :'!. \, \ \ \ \1!' ' \f: T; > "'. ,
'. It. I "',," r . .: '\ ." 1'1 ., .
" " . " j\ ." . .: ..,. ' ., .. .....
,'l , ..,. "1I;-..f. '. I.. , { '.... '[ '- ,P"
.,'. ., .:.:,->:\;:. -: <:,..,': '- - . ." \
rpa)l{p;aHCKI1X lIpaB (BnpOqeM, JII1BI11 He COrJIaCeH C
3TO1 MOTHBaql1eHI1, B 4aCTHOCTI1, 4'1'0 B r.n:ap;l1aTOphi
WJ1H 113-3a 60.n:bWI1X p,eHer). fl pl1 3aKJIIOlleHI1l1 Ilep-
Boro KOHTpaKTa HaHl1MaBUIHiic.H Mor npeTeH)J,oBaTb,
COl:JlaCHO 3aKoHY, lIa 3apa60ToK lIe MeHee llCM 2000
ccC'repHi1:, HO, eCJIH OH npOfJ,JIC13aJI KOIl'rpaKT p,o cpo-
Ka ero HCTeQCHHJl, OnJIaTa nO;HH1\laJ1aCh p;o 12 000
cecTepql1i1o no MHeHl110 HeKOTopblX l1CCJ1ep,OnaTe-
J1eti, CChIJIalOlII1XCJI Ha MHorot.IIICJIeIIHhiX aBTopOB,
cpetJ;11 KOTOphIX - CeHeKa, fopalJ;l1i1, OeTpOHI1M,
cB060p,Hbie rJIatJ;l1aTOphI, a I1X 6hIJIO 60JIhWI1HCTBO,
B HCpBOP; paClJ;BeTa I1MnepHI1, I3 MOMeHT HOp,nl1Ca-
HH.H KOHTpaKTa llp0l13HOCHJIH KJI.HTBY peKpYTa, llpH-
-
29
, .; <
.,J
, 1
,,;,..'
_-?-: --"<';'- i;,;,;., ')..-," .,'
,'" .
c' «
. _ . ,:,>., ;':\'''''.. i.'""
. ' 0-"., . f"" .
}t . ". 'fW;"
, ,, ,. f" ,.,.,: . : .:
" ',,\ ' 4 ';' ...)jt
,e; " Jt.:'\ , < '''-''?'''H..,
. ,,' .e, '. ;r' t,:Yi..
f'.' - .', Aj "', \ ,l 11"
\;{, \. .tt- " -J;' }N;"""
",, it)'(' A. (\:"
'Y : ij I J\'\'
, ,., .. 'I:: '>':1.. '; '_...., ,
.. .. .{ ', ,. I ,to I 1:'" l'
t '1\11 r\ltr
..iJ.. 4& :Vf' . '"
EHTPbI06Y"lEHMH
3HaBaJII1 3a TpeHepOM-JIaHI1CTOM npaBO KapaTb I1X
OI'HeM, 3aKOBbIBaTb II Qenl1, 611Tb 11 ,lJ,a)Ke y6l1BaTb.
I fa,LJ;rp06Hble Ha,LJ;III1CI1 113BeCTHblX fJIa,lJ,l1aTOpOB fO-
BOp.HT 0 TOM, 41'0 rlIall1aTOphI, KaK 11 HOB06paHQbJ B
perl10HaX, lIa411HalII1 CBOIO clIY)J{6y C 18 lIeI'. r 10XO)KC,
4'1'0 11 IIPO)J{I1Tb 601Iee l.(CM 1-1.0 30 lICT 01111 He IIa/1,e.H-
1II1Cb (XOT.H Cpe,lJ,H.H.H npOJOlI)J{I1TelIbHOCTb )J{I1III1 TOM
3nOXI1 6bIlIa npl1MepnO 30 lIeT).
06yqeHMe cpIDKaTbCH
3aBep60BaHHbIH peKpYT OTnpaBJI.HJIC.H B «OTp.H,lJ,
I'lIa,lJ,l1aTopoB», CTaHOBI1JIC.H 41IeHOM «ceMbl1 fJIa,lJ,l1-
aropoB», pa3MeaBll1eHC.H B nalIecTpe (nO-JIaTbIHI1:
WKOJlbl rJlaAaTOpOB
I ' .
"
1 '
, '1. 'II .,.'
.' ,
nepBble rllaAl-1a-
TOpCKl-1e naJleCTpbl.
. ( " 3BecTHo, 4TO BeKOM
n03}f{e (B I B. AO
H. 3. l-1 I B. H. 3.)
OH l-1 MOrJll-1 pa3Me-
UJ,aTbCfJ B nOpTl-1KaX
(KpblTblX raJlepefJx)
l-1Jll-1 ap04HbiX raJle-
pefJX nJlOlltaAe, KaK,
Hanpl-1Mep, nOpTl-1K
3a TeaTpOM B nOM-
nefJX, rAe Ha4l-1HafJ C 3no-
Xl-1 ABrYCTa pacnOJlaraJlaCb
OAHa l-13 rJlaAl-1aTOpCKl-1X
naJleCTp. CaMoe 60JlbWOe
KOJll-14eCTBO AOKYMeHTaJl b-
HblX MaTepl-1aJlOB c06paHO
no 4eTbipeM orpoMHblM
WKOJlaM, nocTpoeHHblM
, ,II , . . f
. IJ -.', .,1, _'. ,,' ,...,.... '--""''''''\:''':ti:. '.'.". ",. . l-:.
",(tuW \\\\\\ \. \. "'"I;'0 """ - '....
I - - - - " tJJ
,. . 1- . '--:".u ... ..
t 'I" :, - --:v
t".:, ',:, >-:_l :'. " ;"; i;'"',, ,.,;:
,'- -, 'f',:\\''\i:j: ':\fi\l:
.. i:.'- ; '::Y'\' .,<,.
.. " . .-.:' -. \ '"1
· , . ' l ' " -
- ",.. 'oi/ -......_;:.. ,::.,..
r JlaA l-1aTOPCKl-1e
« CeMbl-1» }f{l-1Jll-1 B cne-
4l-1aJlbHO nOCTpoeHHblX
3AaHl-1fJX - Ka3apMax (ludi).
nepBble Jll-1TepaTypH ble
CBl-1AeTeJlbCTBa 0 Hl-1X OTHO-
CfJTCfJ KO II B. AO H. 3., HO
CerOAHfJ TPYAHO CKa3aTb,
KaK BblrJlfJAeJll-1 Te caMble
-
30
no YKa3aHl-1fO AOMl-14l-1aHa
B6Jll-13l-1 OT aMepl-1TeaTpa
<l>JlaB l-1eB (I{OJll-13efJ)
B Pl-1Me. no CYTl-1, I{OJll-13e
6blJ1 Hl-1 4eM l-1HbIM, KaK
4eHTp cocpeAOT04eH l-1fJ
06Wl-1pHOrO KBapTaJla
3AaHl-1,l-1CnOJlb3yeMx
AJlfJ 4l-1pKOBbIX 3peJll-1UJ,.
Cpa3Y }f{e 3a aMepl-1TeaTpOM
HaXOAl-1J1l-1Cb Ka3a pMbl
MOpfJKOB epJlOTa l-13 Ml-13e-
Hbl, HaHfJTblX HaTfJ rl-1 BaTb
TeHT, OPY}f{eHbl CKJlaA,
rocn l-1TaJl b, Mopr, KYAa ne-
peHOCl-1Jll-1 TeJla y6l-1Tb1X rJla-
Al-1aTOpOB, a TaK}f{e CKJ1aA C
l-1HBeHTapeM. I{poMe 3Tl-1X
3AaHl-1, B OKpeCTHOCTfJX
COBpeMeHHO YJ1l-14bllla-
fur/us, KaK M MrpbI). lllKOJIbI 6bIJIM. pa3,l];eJIeHbI Ha
Ky6I1KYJIhI-CnaJIbHI1, TpeHl1pOBKI1 npOBO,l];MJII1Cb B
06WI1pHOM ,lJ.Bope, I1MeJII1Cb TaIOKe nOMelIeHI1J1 f];JUI
COBMCCTHoro 1I0JIh30BaHI1.H 11 CIUIaf];CKl1e IIOMeeHI1J1
JUI xpaHCI-II1J1 0pY)KI1J1. B COCTaB «OTpJla I'JIa,lJ.l1aTO-
pOll» llXOI1JII1 lIe TOJIbKO OIIblTIlbie 60i1U.hl-llcTcpaHbl
M peKpYTbI, HO 11 MaCTepa BJlaieIlI1,H opY)J{I1CM, LJac
Bcero 113 IIpe)KHI1X rJIap;l1aT OpOB, 60JIbllle lIe yqaCT-
BOBaBIIIl1e B copeBHOBa- ,\
t h:,\!, i'i! . 'I .
HI1J1X, TpeHep 11 JIeKapb. 10 ; ,". , r,
BHYTPI1 caMoro «OTpJlf];a _\ ,- . ,
.. \ .:::.
-;:r."
PA3BII1TII1E II1HJJ,YCTPII1I11 PA3BJlEYEHII1
r._..'. '. .rtt;.. _ -, . -
r oihi , , ..:...... ....." ,
'w:'" . f,J P! r. ,- '
., f . tl "', -"..J.J.;j
".1' .. 'I-' &.., tf),
, · ' "' - "'" -- ::[
, / ... , -it J - .,' " '
J .. _ , .'" . f-_
f -- ..\---:- 1"''1.
'.'(, '
,f \id,"
Ila c. 30, Imcpxy. )J(n/loll
1l03aHI'20 1ll'pllOaa IIMIlI'Pllll.
KOlllOp)'lO 81'laaJllllla l/JOO
pa6aJff. (/7Lw,//aqllollaJlbl/UU
pU.lrtf'lalll.ll1)13ni)
BIII13Y. BlIa {' {'f8fpHOli OIlO-
pOl/hi 1If1{OJlhi lJ/{/()IIf11110P08
81/o.ll1l11'JlX
Ha c. 31. lf0C111h pa38aJllJH
EOJILWoii WKOJIbI 8 PII.lIlf,
82.11)'611/11' fwdf'/I f{O.!11I3f'll
B1-I113Y. raJlfp)'r -l'aUHrm8ell-
lta.fl 3ail/lIl1la pel/lllapU.fl, Hali-
anll/flJl 8 1I(J(oJtl' 2J/fI,)U{/I//OPO{{
8 flO.lI111JlX. (PIIA1, TaJll'pl'Jl
Eople3e)
TOpbl. /1,OHCHOR WHono,
BeponHO, nOJlY4Jla CBoe
Ha3BaHe OT AaKCKX
nJleHHbIX, 3aXBa4eHHbiX BO
BpeMj1 BOt1H np AOM4-
aHe OTAaHHblX B
rJlaAaTopbl.
HaKOHe4,
DonbWOR
WHono: caMO
Ha3BaHe
nOACKa3bl-
BaeT, 4TO 3TO
6blJla CaMaj1
rJIaf];l1aTopOB», B 3aBI1CI1-
MOCTI1 01' LJI1CJIa I106e,
.
6KaHa, HaXOAJlCb ee
4eTbipe orpOMHble WKOJlbl,
3BeCTHble KaK YmpeH-
HRR, ronnbCHOR, DonbWOR,
/1,OHCHOR. B YmpeHHeu
WHone >KJl 4pKOBble
60t14bl (BeHomopbl 6ec-
muopuu), Cpa>KaBWeCj1 C
AKM >KBOTHbIM B YC-
TpaBaBWXCj1 no YTpaM
TpaBJlj1X 3Bepet1. B ronnb-
CHOU WHone,
B03MO>KHO,
npO>KBa-
Jl Mp-
MJlJlOHbl,
3BeCTHble
Ta K>Ke Ka K
raJlJl bCKe
rJlaAa-
"'\ -...,
'
.....
1
.".":f :: 60JlbWaj1 WKOJla, npeA-
"'.. -.- .
" Ha3Ha4eHHaj1 AJlj1 Bcex
. OCTaJlbHblX rJlaAaTOpCKX
KJlaCCOB. 3TO 3AaHe,
3BeCTHoe no apxeOJlor-
4eCKM paCKonKaM 3
<pparMeHTOB Formo Urbis
(nnOH ropoao - MpaMOpHaj1
KapTa BpeMeH MnepaTopa
(eBepa; Ha4. III B.), 6blJlO
pacnOJlO>KeHO BOKpyr
orpoMHot1 nJlOaA, OC-
HOBHYK) TeppTOpK) KOTO-
pot1 3aHMaJl He60JlbWoC1
aM<pTeaTp Ha 1200 MeCT,
B KOTOpOM rJlaAaTOpbl
npOBOAJl CBO TpeHe-
pOBK .
I >
.
yO;
" ':,*. r
I'" .1...1.
.,'..
:-,..
-
31
':t ..
-
BHH3Y. Cp{l.)f(fHlfe c.i7(U)U-
OIllOP08, OOf/11UX 81Jl.VHlIKJ'.
(JI{{()jJIU), IlrllfllOIl{l7Mlhlll
fljJXfO.7 Oc If 'lfJOalll .J1 J l 3flf)
Ha c. 33, BBepxY.i1n//a../b
"J! 03a If It'lf (' 1f.106jJfl.I/({) If If P.l!
17/jJa8JllI dUKIIX .J/O/BOJJlIlUX,
U3 8ltJ/.//bi KOIIOJlflll/JIl/HO, AH-
1JlIIOXI/JI. (f/aplu/(, JI)'(ljJ)
BHl13Y. WpaZ,J!I'III1l,M0311l/-
It'll (' lI.106pfl.)f(fJlI/tJAl 1 aJll'llfl
8 Xpfl)JI(J .llllalHUlI
-{
.-rr
,./t.,... '.
I"..; 1ft f! '\ 11
" -.4.D.....) ,
r!!c[J
''',' ;'1r.:-'1
yr.!';':
-t'- I;' .
.!:::.: ,2.
, ¥_ 5
."
: "';to
...
- s:lj;
\ .\!('f::. (
.., ;..A
".' ::G
,.- .)
,
. 't W:tIJ
-
t.....
, -\
.
.
-
32
cyec fBOBalIO HepapXHt.JeCKOe pa3/l,elIeHl1e. Ha Bep-
t> .
WHHC lICpapXH4eCK0l1 JICCTHI1l\hI CT05I1IH «I'JIa,J,l1- ';
aTOphi IlpCp,130;HTeJIH» (;\OClIOBIlO «IICp13hle ,!f::,'I:.
.. . ,;,,:.. ,,,<-'.fl3:
CTOJI I I hi» 0'1' prl/J/l pfllt, TaK Ha3bl BaJIaCh /J,C- -:r:' ;J{::tf}!::'1
...... ' . ,"'. tJ;.
pelHIIIIIaJI onopa [Jepc; KOTOpoii oTpa6a- '--'",": {: :-:.,,:;;':
TbI,BalII1Cb ynpa:tKIIeHl15I C 11,epen5JHHbIM .f";:,. :,
\tleQOM BO BpeMJI TpeHl1pOBKH), 113BCCT- -,'" '. ,j.'!I'
. .;...:",
_ '':'''" ,tf .
HbI TaK:tKe «BTOphIe CTOlITIbI» H «TpeTbH»,
OYeBI1/J,HO Hal1MeHee OnbiTHhIe. KpOMe
t.JaCTHbIX lllKOJI 6bIJ111 11 I1MnepaTOpCKl1e, IIpI1Hap,lIe-
)KaBWHe HellOCpep,CTneHHO I1MllepaTOpy, I'JIaBHOMY
YC'fpOI1TelIIO Hrp. B HI1X 06yyaJlaCb flIap,l1aTOpCKa.H
3JIHTa. CaMbIMI1 1l0TIYlI,HPllblMI1 3JIl1THbIMI1 flIa/J,l1a-
TOpaMH G4J1TalII1Cb 10JIHaHCKl1e,
TpeHHpOBaBIUlleC.H 13 nalIeC-
TpaX, nOCTpOeHHhlX eII\e
101IHeM le3apeM l'I npJ1 Ha-
p,JIe)KaBlIII1X eMY. OrpOMHa5I
(lOlIl1aHCKaJI) lllKOlIa cyec-
TBOBaJIa B Kanye. B 49 r.
,)
'f
\.
\ .
..\:: t
. r - ...
.. , _<.F _-(:.
, "'. .""1.1
"'f\"i.'...
."'. p
\
' '...
. '. . "f' '
, ,...,;:J.. . <
....\{i, )0'';, :...
.,.. . o;.' \\:1. ''\."
0" \ \ ' ..;. ,)r-"t'!, ..
--10 ., _.'
p,0 H. 3. B 3TOH lllKOJIe
npOllilIl1 nop,fOTOBKY
5000 la/J,l1aTOpOll.
IIc Mellee 11313CCTHbl
: 0'"
/:
"
I
..h 't' .'t';" "
-:: .,-.... h\!3
;w;'.: . .{ t >;'
, .AI. ,::t',
-=-
\
I1 III KOlIbI, 1l0CTpO-
eIIIIbie lJ,e3apeM
B PaBeHIIe. XOT.H
3TH qeIITpbI 06y-
t.JeHI1.H npOp,OJI)Ka-
1I11 cyw,eCTBOBaTb p,o II B., I1X CJIaBY 3aTMl1lIH ye-
TbIpe OrpOMHbIe IlIKOJIbI, nOCTpOeHIIbIe He/J,alIeKO
01' KOJIH:-Je.H B KOII qe I B.: YllZpfHH.ftJl p,lIJI BfHtlJ'JlOpOB,
Cpa:tl{a13 W I1XCJI C /J,11 KI1 M II )KI1BOTH bl M 11; I-(tlJ{('J{tlJI,
l1UL'IU'J{aJlll EOJIUlIflJl. n pH bOlIbUIOH WKOJle (Jlfafj,Jllts)
CYII\eCTBOBalI /\a)J{c C06CTBeHHhlH He60JIhIIIOii aM-
cpHTeaTp.
,
--:.\-
J:>: ..:
.",,;,
:J: '
',I'I ,
J
"I:=""."t.
PA3BII1TII1E II1HD,YCTPII1I11 PA3BJlELJEHII1t11
,c,:;..0.':
,'''$ ,-- L >.; .."';''i''f'" X ;
' .. : :'!< }= : , ,': ,: , ;?t /if [1 , ;;il :-'> '" ,;J . ,. ''-i: ,.
...:.;,.,..!.r- '." "' ''' I ",.r(:J . '"",' "'\" ",?"",,,.'\;--
"' ",. "' So 1- . r, ,. l1li - -- {vt'f
':. .J1' ',"', ,,;,,' " "r, ', f"iA :l4" ;.' J: " ,,;.-(?,: "
'-':-'' __';Lr;: \;,':"..;' ,:; . '. :\\
}(7..-":l:-=p.7[i1: ;;:-q '.,'e"P. -,,'',:, -""?O\
. ?rA_- _\{:r'1.:. ';, ::: :"I.-O '""t: .. t'.'J '.:;: ';9 '
';), ,,..ill!.:, '\,. >i\J;'(j :'r> :\ :', " ..".
i -O' '" ,.., I"' j. ., AAVx!J..o, <} it-j.{d J.....'.' .
'. -.. :... '_:.. "." .'/:-..t1 i .::J*.<t';t;....;! '-A . :"'. .: ,':yi' :; ''"r
,\ ' lY "2 ' "'i! '; t., ,.,..,',. ""i :'-":&.>.S'.:-....,:. ;:)}:
>.!,I:'I "; i,< '. ,",-. ,.<2:,-. < ·
W ,. ' , "-4 r',,. ,,
; ' .,.,,-' iJ:i' 't-'. t" ,'" _.' ."- .
rrw.aTCJIbHa.H nOlro-
TOBKa' cIIoco6crBOBa-
JIa YCIICIIIIIblM no-
6etJ,H bl M BbICTYIIJIe-
HM.HM rJIaflMaTOpOn
M nblCOKO qeHMJIaCb
ny6JII1KOL BCIIOM-
HI1M, 1.J:TO ::JpeJII1III;a
I'JI a" 11 aT 0 p C K M X
60eB He 11;0JIiI(l'Ibl 6blJIH npeBpaw.aTbC.H II 6eCCMbIC-
JleHllble ((POBOIlpOJIHTH.H, a npOBOp'IIJII1Cb no YCTa-
HOBJICHHbl:\t1 lIpaBI1JlaM, 3a crpOI'I1M C06JIIOp,CHI1CM
KOTOpblX CJlep,I1JI ap6l1Tp. Oc060c 13I1I1MalIl1e Yt\CJI.n-
JIOCb M 0pYiKI1IO rJ1af-J.l1aTopOB. COrJIaCIIO I10pMaTI1BaM,
YCTaHOBJIeHHblM B PC3YJIbTaTe pecpop1\l AnrYCTa, f];JI.H
KaiKl-I.OM 1I3 KaTeropllH rJIa{l,HaTOpOB, B 3aBI1CHMOC-
'I'll 0'1' THna cpaiKeHHM, B KOTOpblX OHH yqacTBOBaJII1,
npe"YCMaTpI1BaJIC.H COOTBeTCTBYIOIII;I1i1 THn BoopYjJ{e-
HI1.H. PecpopMa ABrYCTa 6YIleT CYI1TaThC.H HopMaTHBOM
tJ,JI.H naCJIefItYIOw.I1X BeKOB. 11 Bce iKe, HecrVIOTp.H Ha
orpOMHOC KOJIlIyeCTBO nl1ChMeHHbIX 3IIHrpacpllYeC-
KI1X HCTOI.JIIHKOB, ycraHOI3MTL KOIIKpeTIIO, IGIKHM opy-
iKl1eM I10JIL10BaJIHCb TC 11JIH HIILIe KaTcroplH1 I'Jla-
l\HaTopOB, OLICllb TPY1\1I0. n pH\1epHO HJ 20 1'1111013
0pY;'KM.H MlIeHII.H HCCJletJ,onaTeJIej,j COBna,TJ;aIOT TOJIhKO
no n.HTH-IIleCTI1 Tl1naM.
KaTeropuu 60MQOB
PecpopMa ABrycTa 6hIJIa HalIpaBJIeHa npe)KfJ,e Bcero Ha
fa, YT06bI yeTKO KJIaCCl1cpvll--\l1pOBaTb CYIQCCTBOl3al3WMe
WKOJIbI l:na/\lIaTOpOB H BlIp, 0PYiKH.H, KaKHM Ka)Kp,an U:3
K,rrCrapl10 I:Jla;\IUrrOpOB MOI:Jla II0JIhJ0I3rrbc,n. B 3110-
xy PcclIy6JH1KH rJIa/\l1aTapbI, TaK Ha3bIBaJIIJ 6oiiqOB,
cpcDKaOIIIHXC.H MeqaMH (OT g/flf/illIJ1), CBOllM BOOpy-
iKeHHeM MI\fl1THpOnaJIH HapObI, BpaiK/\e6HbIe PHMY.
nOJTOMY B 3TOT nepI10,1; 6bIJIH TaKl1e KaTerOpl1H IJIa-
nEKAPb rnAAMATOPOB
Spall
raIl e H
ralleH, OAH 3 caMblX
BbIAaK)L4XC npeA-
CTaBTellei1 MeA4Hbl
ApeBHep MCKoro
nepOAa, Ha4all CBOK)
Kapbepy KaK lleKapb B
rllaAaTopcKoi1 W KOlle
ropOAa nepraM, B Ma-
lloi1 A3, B KOTOpOi1 OH
pa60Tall C 157 no 161 r.
KOTOpYK) npocllaBll
CBOM CKYCCTBOM Bpa-
4eBaH. ralleH He 6e3
rOPAOCT BcnOMHall,
4TO, nOKa OH pa60Tall,
«H OAH maAaTOp He
YMep OT paH, XOTH paHb-
we cMepTei1 6blllO 04eHb
MHoro».
1
, \ '\"
" , I
-
33
,r .
... .I
CnpaBa. f(lf1lrpOH /10 Aflf-
Hlflllll/()Pl' 8 Olllf,'/f} Tllddeo
f{ p If 6 CJL'llf (II /J If 6..71 f.11 flJ! (' '/ bli ()
142.1-/479) 1f.1 Ko,)ni('{/ Xl 8.
napa,TIJICJI hHa.H :lKH3Hb I blJ'-
III II jJ.\'II. (I/rJ3f' /III, Elf WI If () 11/('''"11
ilIa. 1f1lJ!(YlIllftl/ltl)
B1I113Y. /I {'/fJAt 1I(}PIf()rJII J/ jJ(/8-
JlfllllJlllepOll1l If_llf C/J..'lIl(lIfJ!,
npllHadJIOf(a8/f1l1ii 2.17aOU-
(/IJlOjJy-!ftjJ(/Mlli 11)'. I !tllirJnl
8/, '/flrl!f{1I1l0pO"Oif /ffll'O,1(J
2. nO_JlIlell. (HnI1IOJIb. Hflllll-
011 {J Jl hllh/ it (/ pXfOJlO2U If{:[/{U/i,
JI)'3ni)
-
34
I
l....-
/HaTOpOI3, KaK CaMlll1TbI,
cppaKI-IHqbl, l'aJIJIbI. KJIaCC
! ' ' CaMJIIlTOll, TOLIIIbIM TUII
BoopY)KeIH1JI KOTOphIX MhI
)l,3)Ke IIe 3IIae1\1, HCl.Ie3
jJ,0 pe<POPJ\lhI 1\nrYCT3,
fJ,Ba fJ,PyrHx, <pp3KHil-
qel3 11 r3JIJ10H, XOTJI J1 B
113MeHCHHOM 1311p,C, IIpO-
jJ,OlDKaJIH cyw.cc rHOl3arb.
<DpaKHi1bI 6bIJIH JICrKO
Y3IIa13aeM hI IIO BhICO-
KO:\;IY rpc6IIIO IIIJICMa,
l.Ialle Bcero C 11306pa)I{CIIHeM rpllcpOIla (B 3I10XY I1M-
nepl1H Y I1IJIeM3 nOJIBHJIOCh 336paJIo). ,lI,JIJI Toro YT061>1
n03BOJII1Tb BeCTI1 M3HeBpeHJIhIH, 3peJII1II\HhIO 60H,
jJ,ocrreXJ1 y cpp3KHMQeB 3allI1II\aJIH TOJIbKO C3MbIe YR3-
BHMbIe MeCTa, He CKOBbIB3JIH jJ,BH)I{eHHM I1 n03BOJIJI-
JII1 JIerKO nepe:::\Bl1raTbCJI, a JIOBKOCTb 11 npOBopHOCTb
BhICOKO eHl1JIHCb IIy6JIHKOH. 80 HpeMJI 6051 CPP3KI1-
e IIOJIaraJICJI lIa 3aIl.\I1TY C IIOM0Il.\hIO CIIel1aJIhIIOI'O
TyrOI'O KO)KaHOI'O HapYLI3 lJ/lH O'rp3)Ke1I1UI y/\apOll Ha
IIpalloH PYKC, I1C60JIhllJOI'O lIpJIMoyrOJlb-
, ..
IIoro 11\111'3 - napMa I1 IIOIIO)KCII.
3aII\IITIIhIM opY)KHeM CJIY)KHlT
KOp01'KH il Mell. C cppaKH M-
q3MII Q3CTO nyr3JIII TJI)KelTO-
BoopY)KeHHhIX rJI3;J;l1aTopOB,
OnJlO)JlOKOB (hop/01Jzo{'hi)
13 HOlIHOlV! 1300pY.lKeHHH.
I 10 13 OTJUlllHe 0'1' <ppaKl1ii-
CI3 y OIIJIOMaKOB lIC 6bIJIO
rpH<pona I1a IIIJICM, IL\I1T
Y III IX 61>111 KpyrJIoi1,
3 He npJIMoyrOlThIIOH
cpOpMbI, B K31.JeCTBe
.
, '
,\.
..
. \r. t
'6:; t j
If
l
'-.,
..,-.
\. .
.
...
:3aWJ-I'I'I-IOI'O 0pY)KH51 IICIlOJIh3013aJIlICb KOIILC (1 KOpO'r-
KM ii MCl!. 3TH ;:l3a IUlaCCa, cppaKM ii i bl H 01 IJIOMaKI1,
130 I3pCM5I Mrp IIpOTI1I30CT05lJII1 11lIP,.Jt/L'l/IOIl{lJt (1JIirlJli//o)
(XOTH I1BeCTIIhl CJIY 1 1aII Cpa:iKeIIHiJ MCfK)Y qJpaKHi%qa-
Ml1 11 OflJIOMaKaJ\1H).
BOMO)KIIO, 41'0 HaBaHI1C .J111P. JIlI.llJlO1l (0'1' rpe4.
CJIOBa IJ7]'171l0rOS - «pbI6a») 0603I1a4aJIO raJIJIOB pec-
IIy6JII1KaHCKOro nepI10a, 0 yeM CI3H;J;CTeJIbCTByeT
<Pecl', JIeKCI1KOrpacp n03):J;Hei1 I1MIIepI1H, CCbIJla.HCb
Ha 60Jlcc paIIHl1e aHTI1YHble HCTOLIHI1KI1.
11 XOTH Y)KC Y lJ,11IcpoHa Mhl BCrpl:'1al:M ·
TCpMI1H JJlirIJli//OJlfS, 13 1l3MeHCHlIOM
BI1;e 0110 CTaJIO YlIOTpc6JIJIThC51
BO I3peMCHa npaHJIClI115I AB-
rYCTa. BOOPY)KeH Me MlIpMI [JI-
JIOHOB COCTO.HJIO 1'13 IUJlelVla C
WHpOKH1 3a6paJIOM, 60JIblllO-
ro I3bloYKJIOrO np.HMoyrOJIbHOrO
IlHTa - cKyrYMa, nOXOJKero Ha
TOT, 1.11'0 I1CflOJIb3013aJIl1 JIe1'110-
.. '
t... 0"
, ;
, ,:,
\\ J'I\ ,
! \' -..
" "
., ..
'/
i...., ..-.....I}.It,..
. .
,""
",", I'
..,
'"",,:.
-
,
HepbI, 11 lIapYLJa Ila IIpa130H PYKC.
3aIITHbIM 0pY)KHCM By1 CJIY)KIIJl
KOpOTKl1ii, 40 -call fHIVICTp013bIH,
KOJlIOII\H i1 \IICY-rJIa,ryc, HCnOJI b3ye-
MhlH T3K)KC R TJI)KeJIoit nCXOTe Toro
npeMCHH. KaK Y)Ke OTMC4eHO, Ha I1rpax
VIHp1\lIIJIJIOIlhl 6bIJUI OCHOBHbIMI1 npOTl1BHl1Kal\'HI cppa-
Kl1HqeB 11 OlIJIOlaKOB.
A BOT pflllllapU.fl, HOBblH 1'11£1 l:Jlall1aTOpOI3 IICpl1-
op,a 111nepilIl, HI) C KeM HeJlh3.H 6hlJIO cIIYTaTh. Ero
locIIexH 6bIJII1 OLJCHb IIpOCTbl: MCTaJIJIH l ICCKI1i1 Ha-
Il.IIC l IIIHK-I'aJIcpyc (ga/erlls), 113/J.cuaBWI1i1CJI 113 JICBOC
nJIct.Jo H 33KpbIBanlIIHi1 ralOKC IHeIO, II lIap)'T--I - TO:iKC
Ha JleBOH PYKe. 0pY)KHeM CMY CJlY)KHJI3 TpeX\ileTpO-
BaJI B ,l],MaMeTpe ceTb 11 Tpe:3y6eq. BHeIlIHe, ,r).a II H
TeXIIHKe Cpa:iKeHI1I1 rJIap,lIaTOpbI-peTl1apHI1 HanOMl1-
' '.
,. t
PA3BII1TII1E V1HDYCTPII1I11 PA3BJlEYEHII1111
BIIlI3Y. KO('JJlJlHflJ! pJ'/I'{)JllIlh
IIOJ/fa [' 1I306pa.JK'(lIl1e..J! (P{/-
.J/((J 11/01 1.1 {[(hi {/IJI () jJa _('(J II) III ()-
jJ{[ (' jJel/lllfl jJ/(f J 3!.
... 1;0< ..
"I
,
f' /,',
'l
I
I'
. ,
./
, I r ,.: ,.-
.,,>-
"
"
J, I / ..
" {'
,/ f.
,.
T
, .7..'.
"It-_ ,',Ib>_
.1 '0' ,
If I
J",1'
f. 'f. ,. ,
,J\....,.i.u f",
., "
-
35
' :i
.,
BUII:lY, h'POll.1o(luit 1f{IOJ/
II /lUle_At l'eliJ'1Il0pa lI3c.lUlOIl-
fllJ/Oj)("/iOli /{{IiO.i7bll. Ilo.Jll/tli.
(1INlNO.HI, llfll{lfOllfl, ?hIlMit
ap,X'()OJlOlUltNXlfli }!Y3fli)
..
HaJII1 phI6aK013. Bo BpeMJI CpalKeHI1M OHI1 Ha6paChl13a-
JlI1 CeTI1 IIa OClI013IIbIX C130HX IIpOTI113HI1K013-rtA)'JIlOP06'.
B CJIyqac lIeYCIIcxa peTHapHM Mor 1I0JIO)KI1ThCJl lIa
TpCJy6c 11, nOCK01lbKY CMY lIC MCIIlaJl11 TfDKe1lbIC
lOcncxJI 11 11\11'1', OH MOl" paCCLJI1TbI13aTb II IIa CBOIO
Mo6I1JIhHOCTh. Ro BpeMJI 3PC1I111I\Hh1X Hrp peTHapHi1
CTOJIJI IIa npHnOl\H5ITOM MOCTI'IKe-IIJIaTcpopMe
11 B Of];I1HOYKY OTpa)Ka1l Of];HOBpeMeHHO
aTaKI1 /1;BYX npOTI1BHI1KOB. KaK Y1Ke
6bl1l0 OTMeyeHO, 3'1'0'1' KJIaCC 11Iafll1-
aTopOB He nOJIb30BaJICJl 60Jlbllll11
YBa)KeHHeIVI y IIy6JIlIKH, n03TO-
MY HX cpa;'KCI-II1JI C ceKYTopa-
-;
,
'-
'G
". ..
'
'\. "
t-. ..I ' \ A'
f .i' ""\'"-') I l'V
. . .!.) 'd
", .
' 1'\
t I
l "
,\ . "
\-,-" j,
\ :»
\ oj
-
36
.
\',1
..'
\
""i
,\
.l, L, .) ,
:J
\\ 'I
,t . I
\"'.,1
''. t'
\ .
, ,..
"
MI1 H IHpMI1JIJIOIIaMH yc rpal1-
BaJll1Cb B I laY3ax Me)Kp,y Cpa)Ke-
HH5IMH /l;pyrlIx rJIa/l;llaTOp013,
fJIafJ,l1aTOpbl-a-'A)'lllOPU, H3Bec-
THbIe TalOKe KaK npeCJIe/loBaTe-
JIH peTHapHeB, BJIaf];eBlIll1e
JIOBKI1MH H 6bICTpbIl\UI npII-
J..\
,
:. ,
\l' .' "
\ :, ,
.........
r--..
eMaiVII1, - 3'1'0 npaKTI1YeC-
Kit Te )KC Ml1pI\1HJIJIOHbl,
110 YCOBeplIIellCT13011aU-
LIllIe CHOIO KJIaCCI1LJec-
.
KYIO TeXlIl1KY IIaIIa/\C-
I-I I HI. RooPY)Ke H H hi e
"-
III1TOM 11 Me40:\rl,
0'1' pyrl1x rJIa}J.H-
aTopOB BHeWHe
OHI1 OTJIl1yaJIlICb TOJIbKO TelVl, YTO IIOCI1JII1 lllJleM .Hi1qe-
06pa3Hoi-'1 cpOpMbl. Y lllJIeMa lIe 6bIJIO 3a6paJla (LIT06hI
HC qCI IJLHTbCJI 3a CCTH lIpOTI1BIII1Ka). OCH013Hoi:ll\eJlblO
r:lIal\l1aTOpa-ccKYTopa 6blJIO 1136c)l{aTb nOIIap,aIJlUI B
CCTh H IIpl/l)J(aTh pCTHapl1JI K JeMJIe CBOI1MJI TJDKeJIbI-
Mil fJ,OCIIeXaMII., II04TH IIOJIHOCThlO 06eperaBlIIHe ero
0'1' y;apoB Tpe3y6Qa.
'\ '
r'.n alJ.11 aTOp bl -8rad-
ItUKU CpaJKal111CL I1C-
KJllOLJHTelIbHO Me)KlY
C060H 11 OTKpbIBa-
111-1 rJIalMaTopCKlIC
cpa;-KCII I1JI.
BOT lITO I1I1IIleT
o HMX 3IIqI1KJIOne,.TJ,I1CT
n03;1.IJerO aIITI1'-1 Horo
nepl1ol1a I1CI1,lJ;Op Ce-
BI1JIbCKI1H: «,lI,Ba BCaf].HI1Ka, H 1I030JIO'-leHHbIX llIJIel\IaX
11 O'-leHh JIerKO BoopYJKeHHble, Bble3)KalOT Ha 6eJlhlX
KOHJIX, O,J;I1H C 130C1'04II0i1, ,lJ,pyroH C 3aIIaHOH CTO-
pOIILI» (:3111U./110JIOZUJl, 18, 53).
CHaLJaJIa Cpa)KCHl1e MC)K;Y BCa,'I1I1KaMlt IIpOXOI1-
JIO TOJILKO C I1CIIOJIb30BaIlMeM nl1K, nOTOM 01111 /OJI)K-
IIbJ 6bIJIl1 cnClllHTbCJI (KaK BO BpeMJI CPC1HCHeKOBhIX
Typlll1pOB) II npO;lOJI)KHTh 6011. 06hI'-IIIO I1JVleHHO 81'01'
MOMeHT 11 11306pa)KaeTCJI Ha Hal1;I'po6HbIX naMJlTHI1-
Kax. BIJeIIIHe BCal1;HI1KH 13bI,lJ,eJIJIJII1Cb TeM, '-11'0 HOCI1-
1.
.
:
')
\\
, ! \'.
, l "
. I
,
...
JII1 TYHI1KI1 C 111l1pOKo:i1 nOJIOCOM, lliJIeMbI, YKpaIIIeH-
HbIe nepbJIMI1, C 111l1pOKI1M 3a6paJIOM, KPYl'JlbIM I11'
CpC)J.HI1X pa3MepOB. 0pY)KHeIVl lIM CJIY)KI1JII1 KOHLC
/VIHHOVt 60JIec 13YX MCTp013 11 Me'--!.
pyrMe rpynnbI rJIaAHaTOpOB
no I3CeM BbIIIH':YKa3aITHhIM KJIaCCaM rJIa;1;HaTopOR
TOllKa 3peHI1JI Y'-IeIThIX CXOfKa, 110, no I1MelOII\I1M-
CJI I1C1'O'-lHJ1KaM, CYll\eCTBOBaJIJ1 H ll.pyrue KaTero-
pl1l1 fJIaf].l1aTopOB, Tpy,n;Ho nO;J,,lJ,alOHeCJI lUIaCCI1-
cpHKaI1J1.
Hanpl1MCp, fJIap'l1a1'opLI -.Jr({y)apulI, cpafKaBWHeCJI
C KOJIeCI-Il1qLI (fSSff/rlllll - rCpMI111 KCJIhTCKOI'O IIpO-
HCXO)K;CIIIIJI, 06o:u la4ClIOIl I/I i 6hICTPO/llH)KYIIJ,YIOCJI
lBYXKOJICCIIYIO KOJICClIl1qy). 110 lJ,a)KC MIIOI'Oll HC-
JI ell II hI e JI HTcpcrryp H hi e H CTO'--l II H KI1 I I J n I rracp M II II C
PA3BV1TV1E V1HDYCTPV1V1 PA3BJlEYEHV1t11
Cllcna. TflJf()/JJI{' /f3 2J/fI(htfl-
moprKOli l/t1l0JlhI 2. 110_Jlllf)1l.
JrJ/fHOIl(jeHH{/J/ 3(Ilf{lIlJl(J pe-
IJlltOj)/{J/, rjJO)!(Ofl!({{)/{){'JI 0('3
/{L1f,M(llt '}ll' t lfl
BII H3Y. /(('lJ/flJIb rJ{IJ'OIl{Wp-
'1(11"0/0 f'liJlo(JnIJl (rJ/t I1l111I.X)
{' 1I306pfl.J!({)IIIIl'J/l tpfl.J!rl'HlIli
IIfI fljJnl{. B (j{1JXIlf'/i 'I(/{'-
IIllt Ol/flOjJ/ill fjPfl/.JJU)JllIl,
U3UIIIlUp)'10/t{IlU OIll'HJ' (I,u!ftll-
}J/{)(/IJ/Pfl. C1lOJlO(jflJ{ A'OOllh,
lIt1'I. I fl. (l!tlj)/U!{, J/JI(jjJ)
';',"f'
.': }
tt
-- .
--"'-- .
'\
- ,....
l' " .of
'I h """, \
,I, \" . '.....J.lk..
, ::I ..:.:.:,
',.......... 1
-,...., I
,
1 '
"\\
, \
/-
,j\
--( ..' I'
'\l l ". :\"
\\ ""::"''';s!,
, \ -
, L
...... -r
4'\
.......
It
"
... ...:---.
"....
-
37
.
.
1t
i
t
RBcpxy. )J{all-.I'leoll {.J/({'jJo.JI
(1824-1904). Pnll/{fljJ/{ii, 1869
BIIII:JY. IIrIlW,'IMlfIJI,-J!()'/fl/'A'{/
r /{:W(fjJfI,J!t[>H/{(l,}1 r)rf}'x J'ApO-
1I/1I11lf.7fli IIl/{ZP08. I 8. (PIUt,
Ilfl/f/{(jlla. 7hll Mli p/{o JlOt/{ Ii
,-JlJ'3l'li)
-
38
IIOI30JIJlIOT B flOJIHoil Mepe I1pep,C'raIHITh BHe-
IIIIHIM 06JIHK 3THX f'JIa,rl1aTopoB. KaK 11 B CJIY-
L[ae co Bca,,1III1KaMI1, rJla,,1I1aTOPhl-.J{frdaplIlI Ha
KOJIeCHllqax TOJIbKO Bble3)KaJIII Ha apeHY, a
CpafKaJII1Ch Me)l{,lJ,Y c060i1 Ha 3eMJIe. I1MeIIHo
1-
3TOT cpaKT 06'bJlCHJleT OTCYTCTl3l1e Olll1CaHI1H
CqCH Cpa)l{eIHH1 Ha KOJIeCHHqax. Ilo3TOMY OT-
HOCHTeJIbHO 3Toro KJIaCca f'Jla:-I,l1aTOpoB MO)KIIO
r0130pHTL Jll1Wb KaK 0 l'JIa,lJ,l1aTOpax-6oHqax,
1300pY)I(CIIHLIX OBaJILHblM IIHTOM II 1I0CH13I1H1X
IJ[JICI\1 6C3 lIo.ncM. Cpellt t:Jlap,l1aTOpOI3-raJIJIOI3
6
n
o
c- 11I3eCTlIhI H T.H:lKeJI0I300pY)KCHlIble 11Ia,l1,l1a-
v;.
-;::; TOpbI-3a11lHlIKlI (crllpr!!arii - BOI1HbI B JIaTaX).
o
::s
@ WqITT paCCKa3bIBaeT, 4TO 130 BpeMJI BOCCTa-
1/1
-
o HI1J1 CaKpOBl1pa npl1 npaBJIeHI1H TH6epHJI
3TH f'JIap,HaTOpbl nOjl,jI,epJKaJII1 BOCCTaBWHX,
1-10 pl1MJIJlHe 6e3 Tpyp.a Cnpa1311JU1Ch C IlI1MI1, noc-
KOJIbKY lIpl1 na,...1eHl11I Ha 3CMJIlO OHH lie MOI'J1I1 Y)Ke
I10p'H.H fbCJI 11:-3-3a CJIl1ll1KOM TJDKeJlbIX IOClICX013
(Illllla./lhl, I I I, 40 -41).
BocCTallOBI1Th 13l1eUIfI H i1 061111 K r.TIalHaTopoB-
(1IIP{ll!{OB, opY)KHeM B Cpa)KeHIIII KOTOphlX 6hIJI 1IYK,
1103 BOJII1JI HaM Ol1,HH-e,l1,I1HCTBeHHO COXpaHI1BllIHHCJI
BO <DJIOpeHql1l1 peJlbecp. 0 rJIa,...1I1aTOpaX-.Ral{Oeapll-
.fiX \'IOfKHO CKa3aTh T01lbKO TO, 4TO 3'1'0 6blJII1 Te )Ke
['JIa;J,I1aTOpbI-peTl1apHI1, HO
I1CIIOJIb3013a131l111e ,lJ,JHl 06e3-
jl,I3I1JKll13aHltH II pOTI11311l1Ka
lIe CCl'H, a apKaHbl. 1aJIO
LITO 113BCCTHO 11 0 (/{'llflJJ1{/X,
JIe rKO BOOpY)J(C H II hlX I'JIa-
11HaTopax, Cpa)IG1B UIIIXCJI
H BOMCKax. M YJK COBceM
6eCKpOBHhIMJ1 6blJII1 TeaT-
paJII130BaHHble Cpa)KeHI1J1
rJIall1aTOpOB-lt'J'JJlOB, BOOpY)KeHHbIX 6YTacpop-
CKI1M 0pY)Kl1eM. B nCpepbIBaX Me)KflY HaCTO.H-
J1MI1 Cpa.iKeHI1.HMI1 T1rp IIpOXq,1J;I1JII1 BbIcTyn-
JIeHI15I oHoa6olJ10B, npl1l'OBOpeHHbIX K CMep-
I'll 6e30pY)KHLIX I'JIa,rl1arOpOB, Cpa.iKaBlllI1Xc.H
B I:JIYXOM IUJIeMC ('I'. C. 6e3 1'Jla3HJ1q).
Be1lamOpbl 11, p,I1Kl1e )KI1BOTHbIe
ny6JIJ;IKa lIe CJIHIIIKOM pa36J1paJIaCb B KaTe-
ropJ1JIX 60i1qOB, npI1CTpaCTJ15I CTOpOHHHKOB
onpe[J;eJI.HJIJ1Cb, HpaBHJIHCh JIH 11M Cpa)KeHI1.H
fJIaf];l1aTopOB, BoopY)KeHHblX 60JIbllll1M W.J1-
TOM (J1111P,J111JL'IOHU, rt:hJ"JlOPU 11]1 11 ((L'UHlI111ht)
I1JII1 MaJIeHbKI1l\U1, KBa;.a,paTHbIMH I1JIJ1 KPYI'JIbl-
MI1 (!fJptlh"1I1tlfbl 11 OIVlO.ktaKlt). II pOTI1 BOCTO.HII He
rpYlIIUIPOBOK 60JICJIbll-\I1K013 3aKJII01.IaJIOCb 13
IIepc6pallKax, CJIyyaJIOCb la)Ke, lITO H caMlI I1MncpaTO-
pLI B III1X llB.H3bIBaJIHCh. HallpHMep, 113BCCTIIO, 4TO Ka-
JIllrYJla II TI1T 6h1JIJ1 .HphIMII CTOpOHIIIIKaMI1 Cpa)Ke1H1H
C MaJIeHLKHMI1 IlIITa]Vll1, a !I,oMl1l\l1alI, y6e)Kp,eHHblj;'1
CTOpOIIHHK Cpa)KeHI1H C 60JIblllHl\H1 llHTaMH, lJ;a)Ke
npl1Ka3aJI KaK-TO 6pOCHTb Ha paC'rep3aHHe co6aKaM
JIlo611TeJIJI cpa)J{eHI1i1 C MaJIeHbKI1MI1 Il\lITaMI1 3a TO,
YTO OH IlJIOXO OT0313aJICJI 0 60JleJlbllI1Kax lIpOTI11101l0-
JIO.iKIIOM rpYlIIlHpOBKI1. B rOT )Ke caMbli IICpBOp" KOl]1;a
onpep,eJIIIJIc.n BHCWIIIIM 06JII1K l'JIa-
rJ1arOpa-llpocpeCCI10HaJIa, fl{I/{/IIlOph/
(60i1qhl C fJ,I1KHMI1 3BepJIMI'f), llT06bI
OTJIHyaTbC.H 0'1' 6erJJlltapltffl, 1.IbJI 3a[J;a-
1.Ia 3aKJII01.IaJIaCb JIHIllb B npoHoqJ1-
pOBaHJ1J1 f];I1KI1X )KJ1BOTHbIX, TO)Ke
nOJIY1.IHJIJ1 CBOI1 3HaKI1 OTJII11.II1JI 13
COOTBeTCTBl111 CO CBOI1MI1 eJI.H-
MH BO BpeMJI I1I'p. KaK 11 J1X KOJIJIe-
1 1 l-l:lIafllI aTOp hi Bel/alllOpU130CIII1TLI-
H1 t\-.qr if'; i Yki1it
'I! p,:--V *-r;'IEf
.L '-"''"'A.;-,..'l ,f!J1$,:, ,, t' 1\ ''I:
';, .. ft/;;f:iJ( ;1tr.'=:\ .:. "':x.. 'V:
L;,' j. I" £!..'b-j I ' . L ... ir _t1' '-; ' i
"'" ..R= L -,,-_tb-""l' -::- _ --"--,-,"
, ( ' . "i.;?-<t, , ---.. \i ......
, 1.<-,..<" 1, -- _'\.
, I . ,.r -r-tf"
..... -/ ' '),:.' It::]...1 ''. ,-'
!"'., ,._',. .. ,. f'
, okt. .', - , ,," J: r \.." f1
r ;tLr.- -'..:.:.. -t:,.
, ' 'i\,i' 'j.; f \ ", -t
'\l. . ,ft ;.x" ./ , ...'1\' ','
' 'fl' '.... - . ,'" -t.!'
" .,' ,:(' ,f-' ;(.,
- -;- . 1 , . t \ j' tJ;.""''J-r' '
. 't4 \ --...v,
, , "::%- -. ',' :t i)5I =,c l:,
":" ,'" {" f
.=-, , ' ...., _ J;Lr':;;"1' Q __
. ' "... .. ."",,,,,,
i'''' .."r:!rfd ' ,' . ';::
PA3BV1TV1E V1HDYCTPV1V1 PA3BJlEYEHV1111
, ,.
\
.
i
V;- I
....
n
o
::I
r+
....
111
VI
r+
o
BBepxy. }f{.-JI./(,)I(epOAl
(1869). 1\111 P \11 fJlJlOl I.
RO,1.UO.JI(}IO, J!t1.1fUIIIl{() «.JlltjJ-
.IJtlCL10H» llpOlt301lUlO Olll
Zp(JlleO\OIO {:fIOUrl myrnloroS
(phIOa) It 0603J!t1'ltl,1O la. 7JlOfl
prrll}'6.!llt 'ta HOWZO Ill'pltoda.
() 'leAl {'6ltr}{'llleJlb(lJ/6.ynl/
(/J{,OI/, .!/()I(('/llt(JlPtlrP IlfplforJa
1l030llni 11JII/()jJlfl/, ((b!,]tl.J/f'h
J!tl 60Jlre paHl/lIe (fHI/It/'llIh")
/If'll/O'III/l KII.
-
39
1,
, ...
1
BIIH3Y. KOllllaJl Ot)'JlhlllJlJ'Pa
JlfljJh'tI Ll(jpeJllIJI. P1Utf'h"llli
ll,J!llrpfl1ll0jJ IljJ1l38{fJl IIU 80-
niHYJO {' JlYJfr6y ZJlUdUUIllOPOB,
'11l106U YhjJNlIlIJlb (jolif'h"O.
HJDKe. T{l1{Uf MflfU It.lileJlO
1I{f 800p)')frrllllll pllfi!th-oe
(WlIr"h-O.
np04tECCMOHAnbl CPA>KEHMM
Balll1Cb 11 06YlJalII1CL B llIKOJIaX, IC IIO; PYK0I30;J,CTBOM
OnblTllblX HaCTaBHI1KOB nOllY-IalIII BCe IIC06Xq1,I1\.1LIC
HaI3bIKI1 lUI YLIaCTI1.H B 3peJII11I\HbIX I3hlcTynllcHI151X Ha
apeHe. ECJIH H3HaqaJIhHO 13 cepep;HIIe I B. ,TJ;O II. 3. Ha
apeHe OHI1 nOJlBJI.HJII1Cb 13 BOOp)')KeHl1n, MaJIO OTJIUQan-
LUeMCJI OT rJIl1aTOpOB (13 lllJIeMaX, nOHO)J(aX 11 C MeQa-
MI1), TO B 1I0CJIep'YlOl1e ,reCJlTI1JIeTI1.H 31'0 TDKeJIOe 130-
opY)KeHI1C, He rapaHTI1pOBaBWee O)KI1,laeMOro ny6Jll1-
KOH p,paMaTl13Ma lIpl1 BCTpCye YCJIOBeKa C )KI1BOTHbIM,
rJlaAaTOpbl Ha BOHe
I: O1L.tbl apeHbl c06-
D J1 JOAaJH1 CTpO-
>KawyJO
CaMOAL-1C-
4L-1nJ1L-1HY,
06J1aAa-
J1L-1 orpOMHblM
MY>KeCTBOM
L-1 MaCTepCKL-1 BJ1a-
AeJ1L-1 opY>KL-1-
eM. n03TOMY
HeYAL-1 BL-1-
TeJ1bHO, 4TO
pL-1MCKOe
BOCKO L-1HOr-
Aa L-1Cn0J1b30BaJ10
3TL-1X n pocpeCCL-10HaJ10B.
HanpL-1Mep, B 105 r. AO
H. 3. KOHCYJ1 ny6J1L-1 Py-
TL-1J1L-1 npL-13BaJ1 MaCTepOB
BJ1aAeH L-1 opY>KL-1eM L-13
WKOJ1bl KanYL-1, 4T06bl Te
06Y4L-1J1L-1 ero COJ1AaT L-1CKYC-
CTBY cpexTOBaHL-1 (MaCCL-1M
BaJ1epL-1.llocmonpUMe-
-
40
.". /'
40meJ7bHble aeRHuR U
BbICK03bIBOHUR, II, 3,
2). B 69 r. BL-1TeJ1-
J1 L-1 B bl CTa B L-1J1
BMeCTe co
CBOL-1M BOC-
4 L-1 rJ1aAL-1aTOpOB», a 4YTb
n03>Ke, B KOH4e II B., MapK
ABpeJ1 L-1 YCL-1J1 L-1J1 rJ1aAL-1aTO-
paML-1 PAbl CBoero BocKa,
nopeAeBWL-1e nOCJ1e BOH
npOTL-1B nJ1eMeH KBaAOB
L-1 MapKoMaHoB. (J1Y4aJ10Cb
L-1 TaK, 4TO COJ1AaTbl, nOJ1Y-
4L-1BWL-1e 60eBYJO 3aKaJ1KY,
OTnpaBJ1J1L-1Cb Ha apeHY
B nOL-1CKaX CJ1aBbl L-1 60raTc-
TBa. KorAa 3Ta npaKTL-1Ka
YKopeHL-1J1aCb,B03HL-1KJ1a
He06xOAL-1 MOCTb L-13AaTb
3aKOH, no KOTOPOMY
HaCTaBHL-1KY 3anpe-
aJ10Cb 3aKJ1J04aTb
KOHTpaKTbl C COJ1Aa-
TaML-1 L-1 TaKL-1M 06-
pa30M onYCTowaTb
PAbl J1erL-10Ha
(30KOH <UMnepo-
mopo> QJeoaocuR,
XV, 12, 2).
'\,
KOM npOTL-1B
BOCK
BecnacL-1a-
Ha L-1 OTPA
rJ1aAL-1aTOpOB
(CBemoHuii.
}t{L-13Hb
ABeHaA-
4aTL-1 L.\e-
3a pe : B L-1TeJ1J1 L-1,
XV). Bnp04eM, KaK
C AocaAo BCnOML-1Ha-
eT Tal..\L-1T (V1CTOpL-1, II,
11), ee DTOH, npeA-
weCTBeHHL-1K BL-1TeJ1-
J1L-1, L-1MeJ1 Ha cJ1Y>K6e
B «CBoeM npOCJ1aB-
J1eHHOM pL-1MCKOM
BocKe ABe TbIC-
, I
\
6blJIO 3aMCHell0 Ila 60JICC JlerKOC. ,lI,I1KHM JKHBOTHbIM
BCHalllOpu npOTHBOCT05lJII1, olCTbiC B JICI'Kl1e WIHllHble
TYIII1KI1, rOJICHh IlOrI1 06B5I:JblBaJII1 06\10TKaMH, B Ka-
yeCTBC 0pY)KI1H I1CnOJIhJOnaJII1 KOpOTKOC OXOTIH1I-lbC
Konhe. VI XOTH 0 MIIorOM HCTOl.-lHI1KI1 YMaJI(H1-
BalOT, BnOJIHe B03MO)I{HO peKOHCTpYl1pOnaTh
npOBep,eHlIe TpaBJII1 p,I1KI1X 3Bepei1, npl1-
cnOC06JIeHHOH K rJIap,l1aTOpCKI1M Hr-
paM. KaK 11 npl1 I'JIa,Ll,l1aTOpCKHX
Cpa)I(elIH.HX, OXOTHI1K, eCJII1 6bIJI
He B COCT05lHl1l1l1pO,Ll,OJI)KaTb
IlOC1I1HOK, MOl' 06paTI1TbC5I
K 3pI1TeJI5IM 3a nOMI1JIOBa-
Hl1eM 11 nOKIIHYTb apeIlY, 110
eCJII1 ny6JII1Ka He BbIKa3bI BaJIa
6JIarOCKJIOHHOCTI1, 011 6bIJI 0651-
3aH npOp,OJI)KI1Tb Cpa)KeHl1e.
l\1I1JIOCTb MOrJIO CHI1CKaTb
11 JKI1 BOTHoe, KaK B CJIyqae co
3HaMeHHTbIM JIbBOM C I1POIlI1YCCKI1M I1MCHeM I1H-
I-IOLIClll\l1a (1llllotcnzia - «llcBI1HOBHblii»), MHoro pa3
BbIXOP;I1BIlJIIM n06clI1TeJleM C apCHLI.
--,)'l:j -lr il>:"\),t .-l . - yft . . li
'10 . ' 'ill ..,,.. \"'. .J '.I '
, , JJ tA. '.! '...... I ,: ,"".)1.:i. ".' :" - ,- AJ ,,_ '. .
, ..
, .
.
'. 'r
[J ,.1,, JJ ,.:
t.:. - .;--- 'I' } .'
'...1'
I ' J ,t. ,
II :' \\" j I .;
, ,f I !' _ " ' ,i
..:....-..k,....,;;;... _. ...oJ.... II> I
II ":,:' pt, I: ' "
f
'.
'
, .
) .L
''\
,--
,,>
" " ,
, .
!)
:01
- II .
"", ' "
r ''7 _....,,-' '
1" ....
t ' / .'
f "
IJ , --,
,fl, . 'j
..I!
,;1 }
.:::/ .
\,' :-.!- \ \ '
\
' ,
. ,
-', '< i ,.
','
I
- ,
, .j 'Iff
,
-
. ....,
'
' l "
.,,
.... -- I
:rj
,
.- ,It. ' 1
/ '
' tt\\
-
-
_.
':',\ I
\ . ; / 1
, ,
. " '
-
\
4:
t i ,
" ;I..
6"
. 1\:
PA3BV1TV1E V1HD,YCTPV1V1 PA3BJlELJEHV1C1
..
BBepxy. TnlHJlHflJ! Ollfllll)'.7/J1-
At! OnJIO\laKa 1/3 P".J1{'11:010
1I('hjJOII03Jl 'f'flJ){II11110; fi jJJ'l{f'
011 r)f'P.J/(III1lI1'III1.J/((I.H {' l1'OPOIJ/-
KI1.t! KJllIHKO.J/. h'OIllOpuii
11310 mOfi,.l{(' If 0 mrJ('_ '1!J11O
II OOIl(/(fJIf'1I (I PY'\O}lIl1b.
(Tf/pflHJJlO. Hfll/lIO-
Hfl. 'lbllbfli fljJX{'(J,/Wlll'/('-
f'/\Illi . ffY,U 1 1i)
BHI13Y. J '7flr)lIfl-
mop, I3Clla-
TOp II, 'lbfiU.
J'tp pflKomfl.
ffa 1i0.'101/-
1!ad() 11306-
jJ{/)/(f'HbI rJoe
!Pll1J'/JU, aUtflOJtll-
311 P J' /0 It III () 11)' 6.J1l1 Ii)'.
(PilAf, Hfl111lOHflJfhHuii
jJIIAf{'Mlli _lfY3eti)
-
41
AMcPIITeaTp - ROBaR
apxIITeKTypa JIH 3peJIll
,
. B03HKHOBeHe
aMqnneaTpa
. rllaAaTopCKe rpbl (munera)
", "': nOllTKa BllaCTe
....
. nepBafl apeHa PMa
'\.
...... "
I.K' 9
\.--/ J'
,(
. ; .}\ 'vi. rw.
1fi. ,. «>
, '\ = 'i't:,,:.,, . J
/'1\..... I :, \, I
r:. Y-' ..'t
-/>:';" )
(,j/ i
Y '''1 1 J
A/:. t '
'
.... ::::_::::::::
I." ,..'
--'- -
1.
"''-''''''' . (TpOTellbCTBO KOllit13e
[ . ,':'- . rpaHA03Hoe 3AaHe
. '\ \ . ' All 51 3 pell Il.\
:_I
, ',," . .
. B 4eHTpe KBapTalla
...
",'.:..."", npOBeAeHf1 rp
rf70aUOmOpCKue U2pbl npeaCmOBf7RflU co6oiJ COBceM UHOiJ BUa 3pef7U, n03mOMY mpe-
60B0f7U apY2UX YCf70BUiJ af7R UX Op20HU30l.4UU. AMcpumeomp - 6ecnpel.4eaeHmHOR oPXU-
meKmypHOR cmpYKmypo, nOf7HOCmblO coomBemcmBOBOBWOR BceM mpe60BOHURM af7R
UX npOBeaeHUR, - cmOf7 CUMB0f70M U COMOiJ PUMCKOU l.4UBUf7U30l.4UU. OH nORBUf7CR B PUMe
npean0f70>KUmef7bHO K cepeaUHe I B. ao H. 3., a e20 OKOH40mef7bHbliJ 06f7UK Cf70>KUf7CR
HO npOmR>KeHUU Bce20 I B. B 3nu2pocpu4ecKux HOanucRx U f7umepomypHblx ucm04HU-
KOX npeawecmBYIOe2o nepuoao mepMuH «oMcpumeomp» ynompe6f7RemCR B 3H04e-
HUU spectacula, m. e. Mecmo aflR 3pUmef7eiJ.
-
42
AM<PV1TEA TP - HOBA$J APXV1TEKTYPA J]Jl$J 3PEJlV1Lll
-j
, I , ,, i
. ; .: .CA, '-. (;;. I):. ' '.
,r ' M'::" " -.-.,. '<, EO \! ' i
, J. -........ " "'d: , "
, . ''',,/:li'-}I . \; '" ,
-! - -:, 'j .t .1\ .' . ,".1. : ' I':' -
, ....' f/ i 'i: I
, . -,,'MJ .... 1-
I.t,..,
"
L," "' "
, I r
...... ....-.
..., ,..,.- .... "'r .::......
-! . ,;:,., V- -,-.,
1 .- ,
"s.::' \ ' ,. -, ,
, : \ 'g ",t, 1P. 'j. "
, ' \1 ,.Jfll' t' tot.,
. ' t.
", _.
f
"""1" I
) ....
\
, I.J...
\(
, ) \ '....
" ,
" ",
L
"
\ 1
\:..
\.-
-: '
, ' -
J -
J .... -
&,,'
.J '
"
I''I. -
\ :"1
-: ,.
t""
'i I l.- to:
. .
I,
'. ...
'...: '.
':'''''_' [.1..,
J l
'/
....
/I
I
i ":
\ '
.. y =,
.. .!
i
\.
).J- .,
;* j , , r- ,..
W" _-.. ! t' ,,' '_ ,
. . " '
, .' . \:
. "'... ,\- ,,,,,..
.'
, "
'l
\\
,I
'"
I '\
..
. ,I "
rI'_
. ,
-,
- ,;:..
.-
...--"
11 ClIOJTb30BaIIHe CJTOBa SPfY!({(lI!a (MCCTO lJT.H 3pl1-
Te"TJei1) C I B. )];0 H. 3. - BpeM5I, Kor/la CTaJTH no-
.HBJI.HTbC5I nepBhIe aMqH1'reaTpbI B Ka\lnaHHH, - lI)TtI-
we Bcero OTpa3HJIO 06"TJI1K HOBoro apXI1TeKTypHofO
11306peTCHI1J1. B OTJII1YHe OT coopy:tKeHI1H )];JIJI TeaT-
paJlbHbIX IIpef-l,CraBJlcHHH, f)J;e Kpole CeHI1YeCKOl'O
OrpOP\VICHI1J1 11 l\/lH!\1H4eCKoro lICKyccTBa aKTepoB
BnKlUl OLIJIII aKycTH(a, lJT06bl Cll LIlIlaTh aK'rep-
CKYIO pCltL, rlla/l1l'rOpCKHe Ilrphl 6hl.HH llHCTO
3pClIHIIlIb1M cnCKTaK]ICM; :JBYKoBoe conpo-
BO)K/l.eIIHe Hrp orpaHHlIl1Ba,TlOCb 3BYK01\1 cpaH-
cpap IJTlI 0PI'3H3 B Top:tKecTBeHHbIe '"OMeJlTbI
3peJTIILIa. 110 CYTII, HOBoe 3;1aHlle ll.0JI)I(HO
6bIJIO orBe4aTb IIepBOCTeneHHblM Tpe6o-
BaHH,HM 3peJIHllJ,HOrO f-\eHCTBa: p;aTb B03-
MO:>KHOCTb YBI1i-J,CTL IlpOlICXO;J,Jlrn.ec Ha apelle
llaH60JILweMY 1-IHCJIY 3pl1TCJICii. IIpl1 peluc-
IIHI1 JTOi'1 3val}H Ilper'-l,IIOlJTCHI'lC 6LI110 OTf-I,aHO
CTpOHTeJThCTBY 31aHH.H 3JTlIHilTHlIecKoiI cpop-
, 1
.'
11
r 1
?t' .' Jr
.)-; ,
4 ;r. -
',.! . ' ,
'\\
.,L
I'
;..
I:} It:. ; " ,, '
, '\ \' t\
,.- I)','
,.; ,
,;,( , , ':
') \,,'
, ,
" !f
1.\
! 1
BBep:\. y. 11t1plJl(JII (jtlll Xee.Jf{"-
I,'(,/)/{ (1./98-/57./). ,11I1II1I'lI/tI}1
apn/a. (JIll. 7.7b, Jf)'3eti /1306-
ptl3/1lJ1r.1hllhlx ItO{J'('('Jllfl)
BIIll::J)'. CIJI{/IJIJ ' JIJI/{{/2.7{U)"t/-
1JI0ptl-!Jjp{/Ja,ill{tI. Cf/Ol/O(j(/Jl
h'f)(}lIb. (!!{/P/()!{", Jf)'(lfJ)
".,-
-.
,.. "
, .. ,
. ..' '
'O"i ....
,.:-'I," . f
< . , ';-., ,i':'
i-, . ..
Lt". I,
.t, ;' .
of rJw:..: -...."_-:
, '.. ,1
... ..... j
...
, "
L
,.-,
I, '
-
43
R ,\, ::\1 . ,'\' ::1 . ,:,
..'
...
:-:
: ""l ':
.'" . .
.
. ....... -
.. .
BBCPXY. P)'ltlIU Opf/B1tfZo
Tn/l/f/; lopod (j()3l/lIh' 8 (10.)/(-
1/0,11 OlljJalll(}lIt ' If/O{().Jf l!fOIl(,
zde lfJ'1Jlh 1l03JI(e JlpOJIO,71(U-
Jill J/fIlJIlIl/O{YIO OOP(NJ' (17;(/
!,at;J/fI).
Cupana. C))/{IIJ1)'JJJII{{/IJ/{/-
oualJ/opfl (' 6010/f rlpltflllO,Jf.
Hatton/a 8 flo.:ttJlf/JlX.
BIIWJY. ill/rIIIl/llli (wd (/ It!plI-
llItflmpa 8 /lO,MllfJlX. flo-
OJ/pOfH B 80 I. do H. J.
-
44
'....
MbI, a He KBapaTHOH, YTO n03BOlII1JIO I1CKJIIOYI1Tb
JII06yIO «MepTBYIO 30HY». K TOMY )Ke, ;:I.alKe B OTJIHYHe
OT 06bIYHOH KPYI'JIOH apCHbI, 3JIJIHTITH1.JeCKaJI cpop-
Ma apeHhI TI03BO.lIJIJIa 60JIbWYIO MaHCBpeHHOCTb BO
BpeMJI 3peJII1II\.
.
B031111KIIOBelIHe aMclJHTeaTpa
.L\McplITcaTp. I1CKJIIOYI1TCJILHO 113 IIpaKTl1lJeCKHX
C006pa)KeHI1H 6hIJIO npl1IUITO peWeIIl1{.; 0 CTpOI1-
TeJIbCTBe I1MeIlHO raKoro TlIna 3,rl.aHI1J[ lI.JI.H HOBbIX
3pelII1III.HbIX I1rp. KaK I13BeCTHO, BIIepBhIe nO;:I.o6Hoe
coopY)KeHl1e nO.HBHJIOCb Ha POlJ1-
He rJIap;l1aTOpCTBa, B KaMnaHI1H.
B 3TOH 06JIaCTl1 6bIJIH cKoHeH-
-., .'
....:"I:',A
,,',
TpHpOBaHbI Bce caMbIC p;peBHl1e
aMcpl1TeaTpbI (KanYJI, JIlrrcpHa,
KYML(), I-1CIIbITaHbI Ha IIpaKTI,IKC
.
..
,
' .
, ...
'\t\
'"':.
, ....; . "
("",
caM LIC [l.ep3Klle I1l'DKeIIepH bIC
peIIICH HJI, YTO cIIoc06cTBOBaJI0
BbI60py ;:I.OCToi1HOH qJOpMbl MO-
HYMCHTalIbIIoro 3p;aHI1J1 ll.JIJI rJIa-
jl,113TOpCKHX 3peJn1TI. I JepBbI;:'
«npOTOTI1n aMcpl-rreaTpa» ({'oveo-
«MeCTa j:J.JIJI 3pl-rreJIeH»), flOCTpO-
eH H bI i,i B KaMIIaHI1I1, I1MCJI CBO,'J,4aToe lICpCKpblTl1e,
Onl1paBWeec.H Ba pap;113JlbHbIe JIHlIIIl1 CTCHbl, Bf--I,OJlb
KOTOPOj,1 YCTYlIaMH TJIIIYJII1CL MCCTa fJ,JIJI 3pllTCJICiL
CaMoc paHHec YlIOMI'll1alllle 0 1I0CTpOHKC C Ta-
KI1M KOIICTPYKTHBHblM peIllellllCM 6LI110 OTMellCIlO
\.
. \
\' "
"
. ',\..'
\ .
.. i
. 'II ;:
' ,
"
>.' 'i " \
,"-, .
-... (:-':.1
,,,. '..,, :;-' ."...
..'
....-,. ..
t. c"
$..
_...:: .
.:
..
"" .!.:
- -
I
---
..."!......
;=a :
-,:. .
AM<DV1TEATP - HOBA APXV1TEKTYPA DJl 3PEJlV1Uj
npl1 CTpOI1TeJIbCTBe TeaTpa B TeaHe (BTOpa51 IIOJI. II B.
o H. 3.). n pH CTpOHTCJIbCTBe MeC:r f];JI5I 3pl1TeJIeil B
TeaTpe 6bIJI YlrrCH eCTeC1'BeHHbIH IIOKaTbIH peJIbecp
MCCTHOC1'I1 11 lIe IIpl111IJIOCb CTaBHTb OHOpb!. 3,J,aHHe
f];JIJI 3pCJII11I IIMeJIO p,OCTOHHbIii apXHTeKTypHbIH BI1.
Ero 6JlarOpO,lJ,HYI0 MOIIYMCIITaJlbHOCTL ro IIo;lIepKH-
BaJII1 B03BLllIIaIOIlIICC.H apOLIlihIC IIpOJICThl.
EIIc 0l1I0 II:J caMhlX p,peBIII1X 1,1 1I0JI-
J-IOCTblO coxpaHHBIIII1XC5I CoopY)KeHI1M
TaKoro TI1Da - a!\1cpHTeaTp B nOMIIC-
fiX. Ho apXI1TeKTypHble B03MO)K-
HOCTH B HeM I1CnOJIb30BaHbl He B
DOJIHOM vlepe, IIOCKOJIbKY apeHa
H HH)KIIlle pJIf];bl 3pH1'eJIbCKHX
MeCT paCIIOJIO)KellbI J-IH1KC ypOBH5I
eCTCCTllCHHoro pCJlbccpa MeCTHOC-
I'll 13 CIlCIJ;naJIbIIO BbIpbI rOM ,rl,JIJI HlIX
KOTJIOBalle, HalCTpOllIlbIX 3JIel\1eIITOB
MaJIO, TOJIbKO O/lUII rJIyxoM apo'--lHblI'-j n05lc BOKpyr CO-
0pY)J{CHI151. TeM He MeHee 3'1'0 3p,aHI1C, nOCTpoelIHoe
Me1Kf-J,Y 70 H 65 r. p,o H. 3. MeCTHbIMI1 P,YYMBl1paMI1 (raM
KBI1HTI1M BaJIbI'I1i1, l\lapK OOPQHM), nOKa3bIBaeT, LITO
3JIJIl1n1'I1LIeCKa.H apXI1TeKTypHa51 cpopMa OpraHI13aIJ;l1-
OHIIO H npOHopHOHaJ1bHO Y)J{e CcpOpMllpOBaJIaCb. 110
aHaJIOl'llH, KaK 3'1'0 6bIJIO 3aBe/eHo 13 TcaTpax, IIJlolqa-
}J,H 3pI1TCJIbIlOI'O 3aJIa 6LIJII1 pa3;CJIClILI lIa KOllqCII1'-
pl11.JCCKI1C CCKTOpLI, corJ]aCHO coqIlaJlbIIoMY pa3,[e-
J]eIII1K) 3pI1Te.nei1 (qYTh n03)Ke 3'1'0 6hIJ]0 33Kpen.rIelI0
3aKOIIO\'I, 1,[3/I,aH H hl!\1 AHrYCTOM). J {al100JIee 61I113KIIe
:!- J - I', 'a,
.'-.: ," " ' ..
'\: \ I
i T
;: ","",,,,,,,",
.... .'
- -=-----
1311 H3Y. AI/II//I'II/(111 /{{Ulnl ('
1I.106pfl)!(f'H II( -l1 II. J/I/('/)(IIIIO jJfI
AB?yr!J1tl. ffJotJjJfI)!(flIlIe BIIO(lh
Ollfl.lI1110IOJlb306(/lJ/h B X/ B.
dJ1Jl J'hf)(II11('lIl1JI f{P('OJlf/'//o-
1llflPJl. (A/{BII("IPflHfl. COlipO-
611l1fHlllf(1 CotJoP{/)
-
45
ClIpaBa. LI.-Jtrft"lllf'flIllP (j
J 10. J/II fJl X 1I{/ !pOl/t B(3)I8I1Jl.
BIIII:1Y. 'J1/{/J1/Y,}lJIh-fl6011l-
1111 )'(U(lHhI, I-II 88. HfllldfHfl
(j )(J/(()({()J/()', 1).J/b/lIIlJl, (/!.('(j{/,
i1 J',/('li rJ({/iOi()/i II /JII. Jf('h-()/I
1{1I6lt3113fll{llll, PJlblHltJl)
-
46
..' I
, ,
I ..L.., .. , :..
,
. .... - --... .
J ,..:' J , , ' -'
,'
:l ,. '. 1Ao/i=,;:
:"'=. -""' .'""1"\....1 ,.\, 't,,;o..
;:--, '" ''':r:.'' 0.:.' :'I..-'- ..f
- . .. '. ',-'1 ..... ...\".
.tt-: i':' ' !... or'..,...." '.
, 'IIoii:" .- \. . .' .... ... ... ""
-', ' ,"' '1r )."",«'1 ... ...
',. ' ,
t \\ . \
l ), .'to
<'';''- -:j:-'
--
', J
,\:.
, ' .
\,.', ,. <, '-,
''--'" '
,\: -. S .,
,.-,.j.. - ", '
.... ",.--
':.-:... ,..' ..;. .. ; :. : ",
, '1, , '\.11...
.'
i ',... ---:.
,- . ","I
"" ;
:.' "
't '..I'.., ',",
K apeHe CeKTOpbI 6bIJUI npep,Ha3Ha4eHbI lVI.H 3HaTH,
IIJIeHOB peBHI1X apHCTOKpaTI1IIeCKI1X ceMci1, 3Ha\1e-
HHTbIX rocTei:1. CTyneHH 6JIIDKai1lllHX K apHC ceKTO-
pOB 6bIJII1 601IeC IlH1pOKIIe H 3aCTaI3JI.HJIl1Cb nepeHOC-
IIbIMlI CKaI\lbJll\U1. BbICOKl1li IIapaIleT, I3eJIlIKOJlelIHO
COXpaIIIII3Illl1iiC.H I3 [IoMIIc,HX, OT;eJBIJI 3'1'11 MCCTa
0'1' OCTaJIbIlbiX -JpIITCJIbCI(lIX :\1eCT, 17l,C TOJIIIlVIC.H lIa-
POl. B CROIO 04epe1l,L, 11 3Ta qaCTb, T.HIIYBIIIaJICJI 11BYMJI
nOJIOCaMI1 (Cpell,HHe 11 BepXHl1C .HpYCbI
3pI1TeJIbCKJ.-IX MeCT), ObIJIa no,n;eJIe-
'-'"
..,
Ha nonepeK Ha ceKTOpbI-KJII1HbR,
B Ka)Kbli1113 KOTOpbIX 6bIJI CBOit
OT;e.llbllbIii BXO;:I,. ,lI,JIJI Hal160JleC
Ba)l{IlblX llCpCOH H opralIH3aTO-
pOB nrp I3 aMcpl1TeaTpe 6blJIH yc-
TpOClIhl Jlq"PKIIII (6a]IKOlIbI-1l0/II-
YM hi), KOTophie paClIOJIanlJlllCb
TOJlhKO B1l,OJIb «Y3KI1X JIY-IeM» apc-
HbI. HanpI1l\1ep, B nOMIleJIX llO/HYM
6bTJI R IO)KHOH. t.laCTI1 H CMOTpeJI
B CTOPOHY ropOla. B aMcpl1TeaTpe
IIoMllei1 HCT rrOlJ,3eMHbIX KOpl1-
:,
. \
,
."
," ' \
I
(
". "h.
,..
'''-- ,-
______",...::!t..
1 ... ;t
......
AM<DV1TEATP - HOBA APXV1TEKTYPA DJl 3PEJlV1Lll
p,OpOB, HO eCTb 4aCOBCHbKa, nOJ1YTeMHa.H II y60raJl,
YCTpOCIlIIaJI 13 lIa,Ll,CTpoi1K 3,L1,aHI1.H. CIOa 06bIYIlO
IIPIIXO/IVnl I10MOJIlITbCJI Ilcpep; BbIXq'OM Ila apcny
r.na;-11-IaTOphl II BCllaTOphl, 1I0KpOlHITCJLHMII KOTOpblX
6hlJIII J 1CMCCII/a, 60rllllJI n031\Ie31I1JI, II )l,lIalla.
rJIa,a;HaTopCKHe HrpbI (1nUnera)
u
H IIOJIHTHKa BJIaCTeH
MO)Ke'f IlOKa3aTbCfl CTpaHHbIM, '--ITO )T)Ke BIB. "'0 II. 3.
B KaMnaH1111 CYllI,eCTBOnaJII1 COJIHlHbie KaMeHHbie
CTpOCHHJI aMcplITearpOB, a B PHMe, rp,e l:JIa,Ll,HaTOpCKoe
HCKYCCT130 TO:tKC lIpl113JleKlIO BHI1MaHl1e r'1eC.HTKOB TblCJIY
l.ICJIOBeK, I1pO,Ll,OJDKaJII1 yC'rpaHEaTb HI'pbl 13 PI1\1CKOM
I .
.; 11. ..... -
. . __-.'.... t.
. ,
l ?'"
, ,
'-'r J
'.
\.
l
"\W
'I \
, "'-.
9 , \-=>1
, "
.
'",,'
'"
, ,, , '
,
- 1
,I
\,
, {,',
-,J'-' , »
. <
,' II
( {
( I.
Th'
/" Ii' .
/jv\.
?'$f \ .
. I
\ '
r", '
,
J;:._ __. _
I"""
¥\J
,"'I
0\
... p
...,
<DOPYMC H H3 ;Pyrl1x nJlOllI,ap,JIX ropo/1.a. CllTyaIHJI,
Ha Cal\10M ;:I.eJIe, 06'bJICIIJIeTCJI llerKO 11 npOCTO - 8pa)l(-
,LI,e6HbiM IIpOTI1BOCTOJlHl1eM CeHaTa 11 neCOrJIaCHeM
apHcTOKpaTI1YeCKoti OJIHl'apXHH. llo npep;JIOrOM
HeCOOTBCTCTBI1J1 l1ip HpanCTneHHbiM npaBHJIaM 1\10pa-
JIH OHll CKpbl13aJII/1 CEOM erpax IlCPC/ MCCTal\IlI CKOII-
JICHlUI Macc JII01ci,i - B03MO)KllbiX OlJar013 llapO/llbiX
130JIIICIlI1l':i II BOCCTaHlli1. B TCl.JCIIHe BYX CTO}ICTI1H
'"
CTpOHreJIbCf130 JIlGooro THna 3,.raHHJI ,.[VIJI IIOCTOJIHHO
,n;ei1cTBYlolIcro a:vtqnrreaTpa B PI1Me nO/Bepra,nOCb
3anpery, no[l, KOTOphlH nonaJII1 I1 TeaTpbI. OepBaJi 1I0-
lIblTKa, npep,npI1H.HTaJI KOpHelll1eM Ha311eM 13 154 r. ;:1.0
H. 3., nOCTpOI1Tb 3p,aHl1e,.[VIR TeaTpa npOBaJIlIllaCb 113-3a
B III1 :lY. "I'I'rl({ !)(7" (/J({J'f'lJI()
l-Illla','O.,71111l{, H({ Jllta{/{ H{l.fl
(' !ftptO;lt, J'h-prllt/{{(jlltf'li 1l0dll-
)'.J/ fI,Jf!pIII//NIIJI!){/O!!O.Jlllf.flX,
{'{l.t/fl rPPf{,h"fl Hf ("OX/JflHII. 7({(,h.
(1InlllO.'1b, HtllfltOIt{{ 7bltblli
({p.\'('().'IOIIt'/('(,h"llIi, JfJ'3ni)
-
47
CIIpana. Iloplllpf11/ Il'llIl"IJI
ClllflPlllflO.
BII 11:IY. Rltll'f(lllIfO f{a. 'I)"{-
'{ltHiI (1771-1844). CeHaT
yroBaplIBaeT IIoMnen.
(Pit. II, f{o,'/. 'lfJlllfllll J/a(U/ I/lOI
Ta (11'/)// (/)
II a c. 49, RRCPXY. CJlf1lOfi
r I)(J, 1 MJ!fia I (I. do II. :J. Hit. 7. 7(1
1'Op.i70HlIfl (PlI.u). Ho CIf/lKe
1II/J1I Bellaropa, rpa.JI({/lOlIfilX-
(JI ('0 () III (lfJ III nil (IfJ 1111 0 ("{) , 7 hflO.lit.
ll(/lIlllepoii II '"Jdfif(Jr't. (PII.lt,
ill-}'3ni jJlLlt('fiOli IfllBll./lll30lfllll)
BH HY. Jf106p(/)!({JIIIII J fpa-
J!(f'HlIlIIllPfX 6fOllllajJlIeB
(' Jll J r)O('();Ulli. (Balllllh'{{II,
Rail/II fia HOllif . J/y.lfll)
-
48
pellH1TeJIbHbIX 11 nenoKoJIe6HMblX B03paJKeH11H CeHaTa,
KOTOpbIti IIOCLJ.lrraJI «CTpOHTeJIbCTBO TeaTpa HeYMeC'r-
I1bIM II npOTI1I30peLJ.aw,llM 06w,CCTBeHlIbI\'{ HHTCpCCaM»
(JII1BI1H. f{palJlKoe 1I3.JIO)laHlIf, 48). I 10 31'OT :3aIIpeT He
KaCaJlc.H CTpOIITCllbCTBa ;:1;CpCI3.HII-
IIblX IIOMCUCIHIi:i p,lUI Tc,rrpa.
IIaIIpl1Mcp, n 58 r. ;:1;0 II. J.
MapK 3!\1HlIl1i:i CKaypo noc-
:(
TpOI1JI qTl,I1H 113 TaKHX TeaTpOB,
CIII1CKaBWero orpO"IHYIO H3-
BeCTHOCTb. ,lI,JI.H CBoero Te-
arpa CKaypo I1CnOJlb30BaJI
301IOTO, CTeKJIO H p,aJKC
YKpaCHlI CQeHY P,BYMR
..' ,. \
" ,'.,
I" " ,,' . .
. I ".
..?: /r J'
.0 .
.' )
KOlIOllllaMI1 1-13 l\CHHOI'O
acppllK311CKoro MpaMopa.
Pe:YllbTaT 6hlJI OlIleJIOMlLH 1011 l1ii. nJII1H 11 if CTapIIII1H
Ha:3BaJI TOT tepCBRHHbIH TeaTp Ca\1bIM HClII1KI.IM TBope-
HI1eM, Kor.n;a-JI116o C03.L-I,aHHbIM LJ.elIOBeKOM. C 60JIblU11M
ono3.n;aHI1eM no cpaBHeH1110 co BceM 31IJIHH113I1pOBaH-
HblM Ml1pOM PI1M o6pell Tearp, nocTpoeHHbIH B KaMHe,
1I11111b 6JIam,Ll,apR r IOMnelO. I1cnOJIb3Y51 cBof,i orpoMHbIH
IIpeCTI1)K, 3aBoenaHHblti 6llaroapJl IIo6elaM, Op,ep)KaH-
Hbll\1 13 I30ellHblX KaMIIaHH,HX Ha BocToKe, CMY yp,allocb
IICpCJIOl\UITb Bce conpoTHBlICnl1}1 11 IlOerpOI1Th B caMOM
cep/qc ropo;3, Ha l\r1apcoBoM HOlIC, 0lHO 113 KpaCHBCH-
.
i"
_ f. ..
, )
"
I
t( -
(
.;;
" "
....!
" '
AM<DV1TEATP - HOBA APXV1TEKTYPA DJl 3PEJlV1Ll(
06 3TOM n(An nnHW (TAPWW
rpbl (munera) npt-1 nOMnee MarHyce (Bellt-1KOM)
n oMne no cllY4aK>
oTKpblnHI TeaTpa,
nocTpoeHHoro Ha ero >Ke
cpeAcTBa,ycTpoll All
HapoAa rpbl CTOllb 3-
BecTHble, 4TO Aa>Ke cnycT
CTO lleT 0 HX BcnOMHall
B AeTallx oncall nll-
H (Tapw B cBoe
3H Kll oneA Ecmecm-
BeHHaR ucmopuR (8, 7,
20 -21). OH ncall, 4TO
TOllbKO 3a nepBble 4eTbipe
AH rp (munera), YCTPO-
eHHblX B 4eCTb OTKpblT
TeaTpa, 6 bill 0 y6 TO 400
naHTep, nOKa3aHbi ny6ll-
Ke paHee HeBAaHHble B
V1Tall >K BOTH ble: p blCb,
06e3bHbl 3 3cpon,
HOCOpOr. KpOMe TpaB-
ll 3K30T4eCKX >KBOT-
HblX BeHaTopbl pa3HbiX
CTpaH nOKa3all pMllHaM
paHee He BAaHHble Tex-
HK Cpa>KeH C >KBOT-
HbIM. B OAHOM 3 cpa>Ke-
H paHeHoe >KBOTHOe
'. '1...01 .
, "
- -f ...-
'. ,
, -
v. "'1v.f"l/Jo":;71ftL.
: ' \.r
npon01l3ll0
C nepe6-
TbIM HO-
raM K Be-
, ,f <
,i .. I _ '
f' \, .
3 P e 11 H bl e
TpaBll, npe-
AYCMOTP-
TellbHO nOBe-
.. '--
HaTopaM
( OXOTHKaM)
3 K>>KHO
HYM-
A nOA-
6pOC1l0 BBepx Bbl6Tble
Y HX 3 PYK Tbl. Tbl
ynall Ha 3eMllK>, 0603Ha-
4B Kpyr n04T npaBllb-
HO cpOpMbl, 4TO Bbl3BallO
BocxeHe 3pTelle.
OXOTa Ha CllOHOB Tome He
060wllaCb 6e3 HeO>KAaH-
HOCTe. (Tpax CMTeHe
OXBaTll 3pTelle, KorAa
OAH 3 CllOHOB, paHeH-
Hbl CTpellO B rlla3, 3a-
MepTBO PYXHYll, a APyre
CllOH bl 6pOC1l Cb Bpac-
CbInHYK>, rp03 CHeCT or-
pa>KAeH BOKpyr apeHbl.
OnaCHOCTb 6bllla CTOllb Be-
llKa, 4TO Lte3apb, YCTpa-
Ba 4epe3 rOA nOA06Hbie
Uj.
,
. "
:0;.,
b;'
\ -,
"-.
t--',
'1 '
llell OKPY>KTb
apeHY pBOM
All 60llbwe
6e30naCHOC-
T 3pTelle.
Ee OAHa HenpeAB-
AeHHa cTya co
CllOHaM CllO>KllaCb
np 3pellHO OXOTe,
YCTpoeHHO nOMneeM,
KorAa CllOHbl, YBAeB,
4TO 6e>KaTb M HeKYAa,
3aTPy61l >Kall06HbIM,
n04T 4ellOBe4eCK-
M rOllocaM BCTall Ha
KOlleH, B3b1Ba K MllOC-
T ny6llK. 3pTelle
3TO TaK nOTpCllO - nweT
nllH - 4TO OH npo-
Kllll HeC4aCTHoro nOM-
ne, BMeCTO Toro 4T06bl
BOCXBallTb 3a ero eA-
pOT bl.
.: If[, !'.m .w..
..'1" d..l'..... I/...,
i --
.tI
1,'
\'
I
,{ \,
"
II
'"
. ''I
,.
-
"....: "
. L -J
-
49
WI1X 3,lJ,aHI1M
,lJ,JI.H 3 pe-
JII1I.leaTp,
OTKpbITbl H
B 55 r. II. 3.,
6bIJI 1I0J11l0-
CTbIO OKPY-
)Kell TpeXp.HlHOM
apKaOH, a Ha,lJ, 3pl1TCJIbHbIM
3aJIOM B03BbIWaJIC.H xpaM, OC-
B.HII\eHHbIH B '--IeCTb BeHepbI. ,lI,OMI1Hl1pYIOIJJ;ee nOJIO-
.JKeHl1e xpaMa KaK 6bI r'OBOpI1JIO, '--ITO caMO 3,lJ,aHl1e - He
'--ITO I1Hoe, KaK «llOI1YM» K Hal1BblCWeH CJIaBe 60)Kec-
TBa. B nOCJIepylOIJJ;l1e ,lJ,eC.HTl1JIeTl1.H, no 06pa3Qy STOI'O
Tecl'rpa IloMllcR, B PI1Me 6bIJIl1 IIOCTpOCHbI 11 ,lJ,pyrl1e
nOl06l1bIe TCarpaJIbllbIe 3alll1.H (12alllJ) EtUlbOa, Utllllp
l1fajJ1ffJL'lfl), 110 nocrpoeK, clllaJIOI'I1t.lIlbIX aMcpl1TCaTpy,
He 6bIJIO. no npl1Mepy CKaypo B 51 r.,lJ,0 II. 8., ,lJ,pYI'Orl
BeJIHKopyIIIHbIH 11 COCTORTeJIbHbIH t.leJIOBeK, CTpa)J(-
,lJ,YIlJ;I1M 3ano.nyql1Tb 6JIarOCKJIOHHOCTb I1JIe6ca,
L1LH CKpl160HI1H KYPl10H TO)J(e npelVIO)J(I1JI
nOCTpOI1Tb He06bI'--IHOe ,lJ,epeB.HHHOe 3,lJ,aHl1e
,lJ,JIR 3peJII1IJJ;. I {C06bP'-IHOCTb 3aKJIlOt.laJIaCb B
TOM, 1.11'0 B HeM 6bIJII1 llOCTpOeHbl,lJ,Be nepe-
MeIJJ;aHWl1eC.H Ha nO,lJ,CTaBKax TCaTpaJIbHbIe
IIJIOIJJ;a,lJ,KI1, npl1 BpaIJJ;CHIIH 01-111 COC,lJ,I1115I-
JIHCb, 06pa3YH aMcplITc,-rrp (B03MO)KHO, TaK
11 II05IBI1JIC.H TepM1111 «aMcpI1TCarp»). KaK
paCCKa3bIBaeT 06 3TOIl KOHCTPYKql111 (Ec-
TeCTBeHHaJl I1CTOpl1J1, 36, 117) BOCXI1U\eH-
HbIH IIJII1HI1M CTapIIlI1M, YTPOM 3,lJ,eCb
MO)KHO 6bIJIO n06blBaTb Ha TeaTpaJIbHbIX
llpe,lJ,cTaBJIeHI1.HX, a lHeM 1l0CMOTpeTb rJIa-
lHaTopCKI1C Cpa)KCHI15I, He 1I0KI1,lJ,a.H Mecra.
IIcCMOTp.H lIa 8TH XI1TPOYMllble, 110 lIe/\OJI-
I'OBCt.IHbIC peWeHI1.H, 1I:vIIo6JIeIIIIbIM MeCTOM
ClIpana. 1'e{/Jl/p (j 1IoAIlIf'JIX
Ha rJjptlc.MfHlIlOX I IJIaHa 1"0-
po;a (forma Urbis). (PU.M)
BIIH3Y. Clll{lIIlJIJI f"ltrJJUlffl{
.M)'3b1l13 1Jlf'tl1Jlptl flO.Mnfll.
(PII-"-I, !({II1111ll0Jlllliolllf Al)13f'U)
:'" f.
I";., \
,. '\
, -_ J\.
}' \ "'I-
\. . X :\ J, .' J . \ \
'-, , ','I
-- ..., (.;...
.... ' "
- '-"
- ............,
"':--- -
....
,.:. .
,.'-' '-
,,::t
-
50
"
l
AMCDII1TEATP - HOBA5J APXV1TEKTYPA J]Jl5J 3PEJlV1LLl
npOBet].eHI1.H TpaBJII1 "'I1KI1X )KI1BOTHbIX 11 rJIa}J,l1ampCKI1X
I1rp OCTaBaJIC.H PI1MCKI1H <DOPYM. ,lJ,a, np.HMoyrOJIbHOe
npOCTpaIICTBO OrpaH11411BaJIO B03MO)KHOCTl1, He BceM
6bIJII1 XOpOIlIO BI1,lJ,HbI 3pCJII1I,Qa, He XBaTaJIO MCCT (I1X
BCCl'O 6blJIO OKOJIO 8000). CaM I e3apb CBOI1MI1 paclIo-
p.H)KCHI1J1MII IIbITaJIC.H YJlY4WIITb YClIOIHUI p,lLH IIpOI3CC-
IUUII1I'p. bbIJII1 ,lJ,OerpOCllhl IIC06XOp,I1MbIC 1I0MCIICIIIUI
11 IIO/3eMHhIC KOpl1[J,OpbI, HaTJlHyr orpoMHbIM TCIIT lIa/
BceM aMrpl1TCaTpOM lVLH 3anl1TbI 3pl1TCJIeM OT COJIHqa.
Y)Ke caM TenT - neJII1KOJIenHeHInee -JpeJIl1n,e, ql1TI1PY.fl
--:1:7-
Ir'
=-.
-:--.
· ';;=- -fr . :i1i, " " r: j[ f ' " 'I'" 1Wi.
:'-(r l-:r' :: -:>d\'; mimi,'}' I . l :-:';- ,
r'" i}::.lm!"; !ff " _', .: Jr! ,I '_!J .Ji1;tt ,; . .l. _ ." -, 1
. '-, ',. . ....... Jtt '
· . \I " 1: h" ... - ,r, . . " 1
} ' I," _ ' ' . ,'( .' - ' ...-
, I . .. I,
' I ii ; (' I ":
.J .' ,JIf, , ' ,
.f _ li.
. /(,1. . '.. A, . ..... i.': 1 " , ,tE;PtII'J:' ,,
1t t ' :, ',': ", '. i' .' "". '-"f ' .
,', . "'I",t". '{Ii ,, ")'-..
.,J;- -. I .i
,
?
t,
,i '1
i. ' I'
- ,h i.
I ,:- :,
.- " - !j'
"-, ,; - - .--
I
'{'
.J',
. Ii
i
.JI .
f
... . '_ I
-,'--' - -- I
.,........- - 0" _ ..... °11
,....,J.... ;.. f'"'tl. I' "
OJII1HI1J1 - «BeJUIKOJleIIHee CaMl1X l1rp» (ECTeCTBeI-IHa.H
lICTOpHJl, 19, 6, 23). 110CJIC,lJ,YIOlll;I1M HMlIepaTOp AB-
ryeI', Ka3aJIOCb, lie 3aMct.laJI 113BpaCHHYIO KaK III1KOI:za
crpaCTb IIapo/a K I1rpaM (1IlltIUTa) II llapa/OKCaJlhIlO,
110, IICCMOTpJl I1a YIIaBIIlld1 IIIITepec IIy6JII1KI1 K Tcarpy,
npe,lJ,no'-leJI IIOCrpOI1Tb B ropo[J,e ene Oj1,HII TeaTp, TeaTp
tvlapqeJIJIa.
IIepBillI apeHa B PMMe
rfOJIbKO 6JIaro,u;ap.H I1HI1l1aTl1Be '-laCTHoro JII1a, CTa-
TlIJII1Jl rfaypo, np03BaHHoro CBeToHlIeM «60rareH-
IIIHM» (flllgltStllS, 29), PHM YI3I1eJI 13 IIpe)J,eJlaX CI3ocro
ropop,a IIcp13bIij (IIOero.nl [110 ci1erBYloHii) aMfpl1TC-
aTp. ,lI,HOH KaCCI1H (51,23,1), OIIlICblna5I :1TO /aIlHe,
B I HI:3 y. 'l'n/JJl p ..Jl fl P'I {-'Ul {/
(j P It. III [>
1
,.
;t . .
...;--,
,I
:, .".1
IJ i
'I I,
II' 1
.1 'I
I ,. t
',I '
. -,..
t. .
- ...
.
.. .....'
tlf/!f
-
51
CII paBa. 30.IOJIltlJl.JIOIIl'JIl{/
r II/Jofilt, 7f.-J! 'lit6l'jJlIJI. I 8.
e AIOHfJllHo20 dBopa
JIItOIl{/. (llf/f))'JI)
B03Bc,[];eHHoe B 29 r. ,lJ,O H. 3., 0603BaJI ero «TeaTpOI\'1
p,JI5I TICOBOM OXOTbI», HO TII111IeT, KaK 0 3,[];aHI1I1, TIOJIHO-
CTblO TIOCTpOeHHOM B Ka'1He, XOT5I TIOCJle TIO-
-:'-.::;..,
. - )Kapa 64 r. H. 3. 11 TIOJIHOI'O ero BblmpaHI151,
\0 - I : .;: \ BepO.HTHCC Bcem, OH llaCTII4HO 6blJI BOC-
i: .. . "".:.. CTaliOBlICIi 113/\e p eua. B JIlo60M CJIY4ac
' r' ,,., .
i?.'::- , .... \, ,.r'- -.;;;' · I pe4b, ,lJ,0JI)KHO 6blTb, 111CT 0 CKpOMHOM
"1,..J .,..r.. .... --? . ,,":,
_ . 'V', ...
...
(..i.:
-c' ; , .
\, ..- ., '" r
BHH::JY, CJleBa.
A. Jl !P'ltlll nllll /J
2. l/o,UI (IIMlIl'
I)'. 7a) B Xop-
Brill/lilt; cnpa-
Ba - fl, ufilt 1111'-
amp 2. .I7uolla
BO (/JP{II-t1{ lilt.
3p,aHI1I1, paCnOJIO;'KCIIIIOM, B03MO)KHO,
Ha NIapcoBoM TIOJIe, KOTOpOe HH ABryer,
HI1 ero TIpeeMHI1KII HI1KOI1a lIe I1CTIOJlb-
30BaJII1 ,lJ,lI5I OQ:>I1Ql1aJIbHbIX npe,lJ,CTaBJIeHI1M
113-3a MaJIOM BMeCTI1MOCTI1 3pl1TeJIei1 11 BeCbMa
CKpOMHoro apxl1TeKTypHoro 06JII1Ka. A BOT orpOMHYIO
TIJIOIJJ;ap,b Saeptt! Ill/it!, OrOpO)KeHHYIO TIOpTl1KaMl1, r,lJ,e
113Ha4aJIbHO co611paJIc5I HapO,lJ, no CJIYlJalO BbI6opOB,
-,
.
H08A APXMTEKTYPA AnH npOBEAEHi-1 Mrp (MUNERA)
AMcpTeaTpbl ApeBHepMCKOrO Mpa
':Jli,! '
_'-'-I , , f . , . .". . · · :.. .' .
.{:. ,Ii, tffff"f\:;.I':t,""fJII.,_! ,.
. ,.:!r,_,: !!,.((b4.,, !t-
, , f f..:-t=' ..-' - . . .
'.," . 'lit ...",. 'R, '
I '. ;,,'" ' I. ,-eft.
... ;..::.
( erOAH B peeCTpe
3Ha4aTC 186 aMcpt..ne-
aTpoB, pa36pocaHHbix no
BceL;1 Tepptt1Topt.H1 6blBweL;1
Mneptt1tt1. 3TO nOATBep>t<-
AeHtt1e KOHKpeTHoro
MacwTa6a tt1 CJleACTBtt1e
ycnexa maAtt1aTOpCKtt1X tt1 rp
(munera). eCJltt1 B BOC-
T04H0L;1 4aCTtt1 Mneptt1tt1 aM-
-
52
cptt1TeaTpOB, B npMoM 3Ha-
4eH tt1 tt1 3Toro CJlOBa, 6blJlO
MeHbwe, 4eM Ha 3anaAe,
TO COBceM He tt13-3a 60Jlee
npOXJlaAHOrO OTHOWeHtt1
K maAtt1aTOpCKtt1 M tt1 rpaM
rpeKorOBOp L4eL;1 ny6Jl tt1 Ktt1.
B AHTtt10Xtt1 tt1 y>t<e B 180 r.
AO H. 3. CYL4eCTBOBaJla na-
JleCTpa AJl maAtt1aTOpOB,
tt1 3TO AOKa3blBaeT paHHtt1L;1
tt1 HTe pec K tt1 rpa M y >t< tt1Te-
JleL;1 3Ttt1X MeCT, a Jl tt1Tepa-
TypH ble tt1 3n tt1 rpacptt14eCKtt1e
tt1CT04Htt1Ktt1 YKa3bIBaK)T
Ha eL4e 60JlbWee BHtt1Ma-
Htt1e K tt1rpaM C Te4eHtt1eM
BpeMeHtt1. B BOCT04H0L;1
4aCTtt1 Mneptt1tt1, B OTJltt14tt1e
OT TaJltt1tt1 tt1 3anaAHbix
npOBtt1H4tt1L;1 (no>t<aJlyL;1,
B 3TOM tt1 6blJlO pa3Jltt14tt1e),
npeAn04tt1TaJltt1 AJl npoBe-
AeHtt1 tt1rp nptt1cnoca6Jltt1-
BaTb y>t<e cYL4eCTBOBaBWtt1e
TeaTpbl tt1 CTaAtt10H bl, a He
CTpOtt1Tb HOBbie. Bnp04eM,
B raJlJltt1tt1 KaHOHtt14eCKtt1L;1
., ...
.... ,'- "
''\- " ,',
........_,.;.- "
.'-..... .
. ,, ' '
'-I. ..!.
....
, . .. . "' a .
f(" /t..: .,
"
, ,
'\ - ..
AM<DII1TEA TP - HOBA5J APXII1TEKTYPA ,IJJl5J 3PEJlIl1Ll(
B 7 r. p,o H. 3. AnrYCT I1CnOJIb30naJ1 /VI,H I1pOne{l;eIII15I
rpaII{I;1103I1blX I1rp (nUll/US) B lIaI\UITb 0 35ITe Arpl1nne,
a BO 2 r. ;o I-I. 3. 110 CJIyqaJO OTKpbITH5I <Do-
PYMa l1MnepaTOp ABrYCT npl1Ka3aJI noc-
TpOlITb Ha l-Iei:1 BOAOerv!, HallOJ1HI1Tb ero
BO,lJ,Oi1 113 CllellIaJIbHO nOCTpoeHHoro
aKBe/J,YKa 11 Opl'aH1130BaJI rpallf1103-
HOC MOpCKOC cpa:tKCHI1C - 1I({(JjJ;/t/xu/o
(01' rpct-I. Ilt/lllllt/lhltl - «Kopa6cJIbllOC
cpaiKClIl1e»). ,lI,Ba cpJIOTa 113 Tpll/qa-
TI1 Kopa6JICM BOCnp0I13BeJII1 cpaiKeIIl1e
npl1 r. CaJIaMI1He (,l],110II Kaccl1i1, 55, 7). B nepl1D,rJ;
npaBJIeHI1J1 Tl16epl15I (15-37 rr.), npeeMHI1Ka ABryc-
Ta, I1rpbI B PI1Me npaKTl1yeCKI1 He YCTpaI1BaJII1Cb.
BIIH3V. J/03tllfh'{/ {" 6t>IO-
fiU. Jflf . Wllffl(h. Jflf, //l'/JIfOrJ
Pu.}/o;Oli If, Jlnf1Jlfli. HaiirJfH(1
8 z. C)It'f. (.1/)'3ni z. C)'{",
'l)'11 1If)
I-fIDKC. A./ftrPlIlIlt>-
fillip I flllfl, 7/1 h-II,
Ifo/{I/IIIJI; I/od fljJf-
HOllllpor.Jl{/lIIp1l8a-
10 III 01 8 IIJ' IIlJ){' 111111 t>
JlO. Jtf'If{l'IIIfJI
Tt.1n aMcp1-1TeaTpa 4aCTO
3aMeHJlC CTpOeHt.1eM,
Ha3blBaeMbiM «TeaTp-
aMcpt.1TeaTp», nOCKOJlbKY
COCTOJlO t.13 3pt.1TeJlbCKt.1X
MeCT, pacnOJlO>t<eHHbiX
nOJlYKpyroM BOKpyr ape-
Hbl. CpeAt.1 nOAo6HbiX
CTpOeHt.1, a HaM t.13BeCTHbl
60Jlee 90 np1-1MepOB, Bbl-
AeJlIOTC HeKoTopble C
KpyrJlblMt.1 apeHaMt.1, 04eHb
noxo>t<t.1Mt.1 Ha apeHY TeaT-
pa, eCTb 1-1 apeHbl B cpopMe
3JlJl t.1 n ca, no a H aJl 0 rt.1 t.1 C
apeHaMt.1 aMcpt.1TeaTpoB.
OTCYTcTB1-1e y6eAt.1TeJlbHb1X
,.,: _ .,Jr_ _d>-
l,, -". v .."..i
to........ ....
. -... .
" ,,,," :-.,::-:: :t..:..:....
apxeOJlOrt.14eCKt.1X nOA-
TBep>t<AeHt.1 3aTpYAHeT
o6bCHeHt.1e cYLl\eCTBO-
BaHt.1 TaKt.1X Heo6bl4HbiX
a pXt.1TeKTYP H blX CTPYKTYP,
XOT MO>t<HO AYMaTb 0 no-
Jlt.1BaJleHTHOM t.1X t.1CnOJlb-
30BaHt.1t.1: AJl npOBeAeHt.1
t.1rp (munera) t.1 AJl TeaT-
paJlbHblX npeACTaBJleHt.1.
Ha Bce oCTaBwec 4ac-
Tt.1 Mnept.1t.1 aMcpt.1TeaTpbl,
B 60JlbWe 4aCTt.1 nocTpo-
eHHble B I t.1 II BB., no BHew-
HeMY Bt.1AY t.1 BHYTpeHHe
opraH t.13at.1 t.1 nOMeL4eH t.1
CJleAOBaJlt.1 KJlaCCt.14eCKt.1M
npaBt.1JlaM. B TeXHt.14eCKOM
peweH t.1 t.1 CTpOt.1TeJl bCTBa
MorYT 6bITb 3Ha4t.1TeJlbHble
pa3Jl t.14 t.1 (HaACTpo Kt.1,
TeXHOJlOrt.1 nOArOTOB-
Kt.1 cpYHAaMeHTa, pa3Mepbl),
HO B eJlOM aMcpt.1TeaTpbl
npeACTaBJlIOT co6o
caMble pKt.1e naMTHt.1-
Kt.1 np0t.130WeAWe pOMa-
Ht.13at.1t.1 t.1 CBt.1AeTeJlbCT-
BYIOT 0 JlOJl bHOCTt.1 K He
MeCTHblX HapOAOB.
-
53
CnpaBa. C1JlfllllJ'JI
'J'uOl>pUJI {f O(JrJI((){/X
11, JlIlf'jJ(/1Il0j){l. I 8. (P1LU,
Rfl1nllKflHOalf flJ I 3fU)
BlIlny. Ll/lM'.'U[() (!JruIMW/lf
(1600-1650). fna/1HaToPhl.
(Al(/rJpurJ, 11/Y3eu flpado)
--r
'\ J
"
'1
"
- - {, \.
-
54
( "
, -
:\
- '"'
"'.
-,
, f.
T116ep11M, B OTJII1Yl1e 0'1' PY-
I'I1X I1MIlepcrrOpOB, a6COJIIOTHO He
I1HTepCCOBaJIC.H H 11 rJIal1aTOp-
., CKI1MI/1 I1rpaMI1, 1111 ::JpeJII/III-
HbIMll OXOTaMI1. ]I HIIIenHhIC
rpaH/l,1103HbIX 3peJII1TI, YCT-
pal1BaelVlbIX rocyp,apcTBOM,
CTpa)K/l,yl1e pI1MJJ.HHe YCT-
peMI1JII1Cb B COCefJ;Hl1e ropo-
,lJ,a, r,lJ,e l1rpbI npOBO,lJ,l1JJl1Cb
3a C4eT MeCTHbIX ynpaBI1Te-
JIeL HeO)KH,lJ,aHHO orpOMHbIi'1
npl1TOK ny6JIHKH Ha 3pCJII1a
B MaJJeHbKHe rOpO,lJ,3 I1HO
pa3 BbI:3bIBaJI H TparIf4ec-
Kl1e nOCJJeJ];CTBI1.H. Taql1T
(AHHaJlht, 4, 62-64) He MHO-
--:-'"
l
1'0 OTXO,lJ,I1T 01' I1CTlIHbI, paCCKa3bIBa.H 0 Tpare,lJ,l1l1,
np0I130111e,lJ,lllei1 B 27 r. B <D11,lJ,eHe, pacnOJJO)KeHHOM
Ha OKpaIlHe CerOH5IlllHel'O PI1:\1a. B TOM MeCTe4-
KC O)J,I1II 3HaTHbIH yeJIOBeK 1I0CTp0l1JI lJ.epeB.HHHbIM
aMcpHTeaTp ,lJ,JI}! npOBC,lJ,CH115I IIe-
CKOJIbKIfX rJJafJ;l1aTOpCKHX 3pCJJHlI.
J 1 0 H anJJ hi B JJ IO,lJ,e j'l H 3 CTOJJ II q hi 6 bIll
TaK BeJJI1K, liTO CTpoeIIlle (Ot.IeBI1,l-
HO, lIa HeM C3KOHOMI1JIU) BHe3aOHO
06pYlllI1JIOCb, nOpaHl1B 11 YHeC.H )KH3-
HI1 50 000 4eJJOBeK. ,lI,a)Ke eCJJI1 (11;0-
nYCTI1Tb, 41'0 rlaql1T 3aBbIIuaeT [\l1cp-
pbI (y CBeTOHH.H, HaIlpllMep, 20 000
)KepTB), IlOCJIe)J,CTBI1,H KpoBaBoM Tpa-
rep,BI/1 OhIJJI1 CrOJIb KaTacTpocpHt.lllbl,
YTO BLII-IY1I1JJI1 CeHaT 113/aTh 3aKOII,
ir
...
-::
}
..
'\
B COOTBeTCTBl111 C KOTOpbIM nepep'
06'b.HBJIeHl1eM I1rp BMeH.HJlaCb OlIJJaTa
AMCDII1TEA TP - HOBA)j APXV1TEKTYPA DJl)j 3PEJlll1LU
llaJIOra B pa3MCpe MI1HI1MYM 400 000 CCCTCpql1i1,
a CTpUHTeJIbCTBO aMcpHrcaTpoB lla'-1I111aTb rOJlbKU
nOCJIC nponepKH npOYIIOCTI1 rpyn fa. MI1MOJIeTIIOC
IIpaBJIelIlIe KaJIlIrYJIbI (37-41), npCCMIII/IKa TI1-
6cpl15I, 6bIJIO OTMelfeHO B03BpaII\CHlIeM MaCCOBhIX
rJIal\l1aTOpCKIIX 3peJII1II\ B PHMe.
MHor04McnEHHbl M PA3HonMKM
BI-I H3Y. (/JpflZAlf'1llJ/ .lI03flll-
h"l/ 3JIUIIU'I/f1, I/30h"pl'OI/I/O{"-
mni JI{'I/I111/('-, tft/ll/t/, 8 JIl/6l/I/.
Ilfl.lJ103flllJ{f': Oplif'Ollp lIZp{lf'J1l
IlU {'-'7)"lflI0 npo8edntltJl 2,;7adu-
flIIIOp('h"IIX /lIp
06CJlY}f{BalO nepCOHaJl apeHbl
H aJH14111e CJlO>t<HO
CeT1I1 AOnOJlH1I1TeJlbHbiX
nOMeeH1I1,CB3aHHWX
C >t<1I13He06ecne4eH1I1eM
aMcp1l1TeaTpa ct>JlaB1I1eB
(KOJl1l13e),HanOM1I1HaeT
HaM 0 TO HeB1I1A1I1MO,
HO cyecTBeHHO pOJl1l1,
KOTopa OTBOA1I1JlaCb
MHOr04111CJleHHOMY Bcno-
MOraTeJlbHOMY nepCOHaJlY,
06ecne4111 Ba BweMY n pOBe-
AeH1I1e 3peJ1111. HaArp06-
Hble HaAn1l1C1I1 ynOM1I1HalOT
cpeA1I1 06CJly>t<1I1 Ba lOero
nepCOHaJla p1l1 MCK1I1X 111 rp
He TOJlbKO Bpa4e 111 Mac-
... .' . ........ ....... "... ., . ,,-" - - . . .. .'
TepOB opy>t<1I1. 3Aecb
111 apX1I1Bap1l1ycbl, nOCblJ1b-
HWe,np1l1BpaTH1I1K1I1,CMOT-
p 111 TeJl1l1 3 a A 111 K 111 M 111 >t< 111-
BOTH bl M 111. ECTeCTBeH HO,
6blJl 111 Cne4111aJ1bHbl nep-
COHaJl, nOMOraBW1l1
HaAeBaTb rJlaA1I1aTOpaM
AocneX1I1 111 opy>t<1I1e nepeA
Ha4aJlOM COCT3aH1I1, B
o 6 3 a H H 0 CT b Mac C a >t< 111 CTO B
BXOA1I1JlO nOAAep>t<1I1 BaTb
6040B B CnOpT1I1BHO
cpopMe, 6blJl1l1 OTBeTCTBeH-
H ble 3a COCTO H 1I1e opy>t<1I1
111 OAe>t<Abl. Bo BpeM
n pOBeAeH 111 111 rp Ba>t<HO
. ........., ... "....... .... ......... ... ....
.", ..
6blJlO TaK>t<e np1l1CYTC-
TB1I1e opKeCTpa. OpKeCTp
CB01l1M1I1 npOH3111TeJ1bHbl-
M1I1 3BYKaM1I1 B03BeaJl
o pa3Jl1l14HbiX MOMeHTax
COCT3aH1I1, KaK 111 BO Bpe-
M cerOAHwH1I1X KOPP1l1A.
KJlIO 4 e B bl M 111 cp 111 ry p a -
M1I1 opKeCTpa 6blJl1l1 rOpH1I1CT
111 Tpy6a4, 4YTb n03>t<e,
B nep1l10A npaBJleH1I1 He-
pOHa, nOB1I1JlC r1l1ApaBJl1l1-
4eCK1I1 opraH, Ha KOTOpOM
MOrJl1l1 1I1rpaTb 111 >t<eHLl\1I1Hbl
(06 3TOM CB1I1AeTeJ1 bCTBYIOT
pa3Hbie 06pa34bl 1I1306pa-
3111TeJlbHOrO 1I1CKyccTBa).
. .+ ..,.
...',.
. ..... . . .. - .
, , . '., "'-c.
. '......
", ........
, '
,., .
, , .
.... ' " 'i -go "\\.0' ...'r. " ':rj;'?Fsf<?" .; , ..-: ' ' , ' , . ,,, ,. ,.: -:W'" , ".'.. \ :" 1 . .
. :,:.'¥. 1-...... ii{.trr:' . '..Jtfr.1..., \! "
· :',. :.:< .t)'1trts""!';;:;,: ''I :..... \; . 1:/ ...,.,. :', ";"' t'.. .,;. . 1
'1 '. .f :to fJ-1,;\. JJ.... . ' r. ...' .p" '1. ;i
':, , .{' j: . ' , l:r' " ' f J. . '6,. - -.i.
. 'I ...,1).;\\:,,\,. ,....., '. ': ki. ' -.:
ot.'('/:':L ;-";'. \ l ';...., 1 .J, : ',,' , .., ",' ( _'t' . ....J
,9, \o7";"' ':-.l::. ., .Ji-::i . \ '.'\! '....., , '. , , ,
,.t"'1:':--u '''' ... ........,.. ': I l "," \... .} a<;
" .; \ " . :"r:.. ,<: >( ',' I I:.'. b' ' \ " ,! '" ,.. , '\ ., " ,... .-. ' .
''.\;iffi' J6...., , . -: ".I:-:';'.'''.;c. ".' , ',.....
'. , r)0f.' .'J'.' -.;' .i:" .; . ', ____"'. . ' . '," ':' .:;:t..""':':" .O: :,' ',..-: ).'
. r:">;:)', ' ,'\t1 '. , '...., '.\oJ ,'!i" " .. -.," ",-i;i1':"fl '"'' . ,.Jf .."t':
:y '\ -..._ "'iIt'-' 'l.= .... ...."..- . "'J-":1':.....,"t 1.1" '",' "-:4'"
..:' . o{\"' ,'! . I. '-.f'i.f t't '''' '" :'. '-' .:) " ...' ,f.W!Ej,' , r ,j...' .. -:s«.oi.":j
...' t ' - .. . ... "; l '1' ;"":'JL",'7' '.'!"t " .:' d. . ," '. ," '.: !4fJh,;. J. ti r :.1': ': ,- r
. \'-!''';::., ,.' '..., . --' --: . to. C ' .;.;.
-
55
I1Mnepa1'Op Ka1ll1rYJla Obl1l JIpblM nOKJIOHHI1KOM
rJla,lJJ1aTOpC1'Ba, 11 n03TOMY He C1IyqaHHo, '-11'0 l1MeH-
HO npl1 HeM Obl1la npe,ZJ;TIpl1H5ITa nOTIbITKa HOC rpOI1Tb
llepBblH 001lblllOH 1'0pO,ZJ;CKOH ClMcpl1TeaTp Hep,a1lCKO
OT OI'OpO)KeIIIlOH HJI0Ll-\a,n;lI ,Safpta Julia. 31'0 3,ZJ;aHl1e,
o KOTOpOM 1'0130pI1T CBCTOIIIIH (lVlIlU2)'Jla, 21) H IIO
C'rpOHTC1IbCT130 KOTOpOI'O OblJll1 «CHeCClIbI MIIOI'I'IC
11 0011 bill lIe 3/aIlIHI», TaK 11 IIC 6bl1l0 noC'rpoeIlO, H/e.H
ClIpaBa. /l.JI!ft/lJl/(,(IJl/fJ
fl KflIlJ'{}
C1'pOl1Te1lbC1'Ba OCTaJlaCb Bcero JH1LIIb CBI1p,eTelIbC-
TBOM CTpaCTI1 HMnepaTopa I( rJIa[1;l1aTOpCTBY, KOTOpbl1
pap;H pa3BJIe1-leHI1H lie KOJIe6JI5ICb OTnpaBJI.HJI cpalKaTb-
C.H Ha apeHY 3HaTHblX JIJO,ZJ;ei1, Bca,ZJ;HI1KOB, YBa)Kael\'lhIX
CeMb.HHI1HOB. CMeHI1BWI1H KalIl1rYJIY I1MnepaTOp
KlIaB,ZJ;l1M (41-
54 rl'.) TO)Ke pa3-
)Kl1ralI cTpacTb
K rJla,ll1aTopcTBY
B PI1MC, yC'rpaIlBa5I
OXOThl H Cpa)Ke-
111151. IIeKoTopble
3peJIH[[a npoxo-
11HJII1 B ql1pKe Ba-
TlIKaHa (C8flJlOHltit,
KlIaB,ZJ;I1M, 21).
110 caVlbiM 3Ha-
MeHHTbIM 3pCJII1Ll-\CM llepHO)J,a IIpaBJICHIUI KJla13/l1.H
CTalIa llaBMaXI1JI, ycrpoCIIIla.H B 52 1'. B lJCCTh IIpO-
BClellll5I f-J,pClIa)KllhIX pa601' 113 cI>yqHIICKOM ocpe.
B Cpa)KCHI'1H )'l-Ulc1'BoBalIo 19 000 IlPIIl'OBopellllhlx
K CMepTI1; I1X pa3[J,elIlIJIlI lIa ,ZJ;Be KOMall,lbl 11 pacca-
[1;111111 B Tpl1peMbl H KBap;pl1peMbI (raJIepbI C 1'pel\1JI
11 1-leTblpbM.H p.Hp,aMI1 BeCeJI f-J,JI.H rpe6QoB). CXBaTKa
BOCC03fJ,aBaJIa 611TBY Me)KfJ.Y poocQa"fl1 11 cllpaKY:Qa-
MH. 3a X01OM Cpa)KCHHJl Ha6JIlOfJ,aJla Ol'pOl\lHa,}l TOJIlla
JIlofJ,cii, npHOblBWI1X H3 PI1Ma. ]lIo;lI paCIIOJIO:lKHJUICb
lIa 6cpel'Y 03cpa TaK, 6ytrro )TO 6hlJl, I(aK BCIIOMlIllaCT
.. . .
.
\1, ,_j.,; : ' -'7f -;:,,
,i" J' :":-- i'. y:;:;
, . , ' , _ _ -' c.' ,'1, . tJ.' '
.... - r -- -""' -:: '. :i.rt.;;?<:"Wt), ,':. ,,. j
!' '.',," ':"' . ')\:'"
\ ..: ,.I \'' -, iI"- ,;<r
! 'wi" , it . .. '--'"
. :.\,\ " ,.' .. .':j r-<J;r'
.' -, 'p.:' ' ,. "" d-
".:,".. ;::{( : ': :-:; >., '.:-:& :':(;?t; .::.
j
-
56
AMCDV1TEATP - HOBA5I APXV1TEKTYPA JJ,Jl51 3PEJlV1LU
laQIIT (AHHrlllM, 12, 16-1 7), «orpOM-
HbIH TeaTp».
/'
" {
\. '\ ," '
"!;.
CTpOI1TeJIbCTBO KOJIM3eH
1l0'--lTI1 ,l];0 eCpe,l];I1HbI I B. H. 3.
PI1M OCTaBaJIC,H OC3 nO,l];XOp'51ll.\CI'O
II o6yC'rpocl-llloro \1cC'ra IVI5I IlpOBe-
,l];eIlI15I 1'jla/l1aTopCKI'1X I1rp (JJllttl{r{/),
XOT5I I1Ilorjl,3 11 IlpO,HBJIJlJlaCh I1IIl1ql1-
3THBHOCTb HeKOTophlX 11:\1 nepaTopoB.
To, '--ITO aMcpl1TeaTpa CKaypo 6bIJlO IIelo-
CTaTO'--lnO, nOK33blB3eT TOT cpaKT, '--ITO HepoH
(54-68) npe/VIoj[{I1JI nocrpOI1Tb BTopoe 3,l];aHl1e Bee
"
«AVE CAESAR, MORITURI TE SALUTANT»
.I
" 'f\ "
'. . r'I,
., ,'1
J
"-.
\ (
,. .J
t f.,'
}
" iof f.>
,
Iii
CJI<ua. Ch'J,1h-
1I111} 'P /I hili
1l0pmpfJ1l Hf-
pOlla. Ilaitdf'H
o /869 I.
00 8P{.M.H
parh'OIlOA" !la
II fI, '/(/111 If II ('II '(1.JI
YO.l7 Jlf. (PIt.JI)
\
B1I1I3Y. /'P{{OlOpll
r It,W6p(1)I({ lilt (-JI
II a fLJHIXlf 1I
npBeTCTBe, BOWeAwee B CTOp1O
( aMOe 60JlbWOe
HeAOpa3YMe-
Ht.1e, CB3aHHOe
C Mt.1pOM rnaAt.1a-
TOpOB, CJlY4t.1JlOCb
C pt.1-ryaJl bHO
cppa30 Ave
Caesar, morituri
te salutant
( «3apaBcmByiJ,
L/e3apb, uaYLL{ue
Ha cMepmb
npuBemcmBYlOm
me6R»). 3Ta cppa3a Henpe-
MeHHO BCTpe4aeTc B KHt.1raX
t.1Jlt.1 B cpl-1JlbMaX 0 rnaAt.1aTOp-
CKt.1X t.1rpax. B AeCTBt.1TeJlb-
HOCTt.1 >Ke OHa 6blJla np0t.13-
HeceHa Bcero OAHa>KAbl, no
CJlY4alO rpaHAt.103HOrO MOpC-
Koro Cpa>KeHt.1 - HaBMaXt.1t.1,
YCTpoeHHoro t.1MnepaTopOM
K11aBAt.1eM Ha ct>yt.1 HCKOM
03epe. KaK BCnOMt.1HaeT
CBeTOHt.1 «DO>KeCmBeH-
HbliJ> KflaBauiJ, 21, 13), Bce
19 000 npt.1rOBOpeHHblx K
CMepTt.1 06paTt.1Jl t.1Cb C 3Tt.1 M
t.13BeCTHbIM npt.1BeTCTBt.1eM
K t.1MnepaTopy, t.1 TOT B OTBeT
A06aBt.1Jl: «Aut
non!» (<<A MO-
>Kem, u Hem!»)
ABYCMbICJleH-
HOCTb OTBeTa ryr
>Ke 6blJla BOCnpt.1-
HTa KaK 06ea-
Ht.1e nOMt.1JlOBa-
Ht.1. OKpblJleHHble
HaAe>KAO
npt.1rOBOpeHHble
n06pocaJlt.1 opY-
>Kt.1e. Bbl Tt.1 t.13
3aTpYAHl-1TeJlbHOrO nOJlO>Ke-
Ht.1 t.13-3a HeOCTOpO>KHO
penJlt.1Kt.1 t.1MnepaTopa
t.1 3aCTaBt.1Tb npt.1rOBOpeHHbiX
B0306HOBt.1Tb t.1rpbl YAaJlOCb
TOJlbKO nOCJle BMewa-
TeJl bCTBa BOCKa t.1 yrp03
KnaBAt.1.
-
57
nOBECTBYET KAnbnYPHMH CMKyn
OncaHe aMcpTeaTpa HepOHa
n 03T KaJlbnYPHtt1L;1 (tt1KYJl
JlY4We BCeX nepeAaJl
CJlOSeCHbl L;1 06pa3 OCJle-
n tt1TeJl bHO-pOCKOW HOrO,
HO HeAOJlrO npOCYL4eCT-
BOBaBWerO aMcptt1TeaTpa
HepOHa. Btt1A aMcptt1TeaTpa
OH Ontt1CblBaeT YCTaMtt1 K>HO-
ro nacryw Ka Koptt1AOHa,
nptt1WeAWero B Ptt1M, 4T06bl
BnepBble nOCMOTpeTb
Ha maAtt1aTOpCKtt1e tt1rpbl:
«Mbl YBtt1AeJltt1 aMcptt1TeaTp,
B3MeTHYBW tt1 L;1c BbICOTOL;1
AO He6ec; nepeKpeL4tt1BaK>-
L4tt1e 6aJlKtt1 6b1Jltt1 BpOBeHb
C Kantt1TOJltt1L;1CKtt1M XOJlMOM,
-- - , ---
. "r.....
",<..'" "",::,.."", ._ ___e
, , I 0' ,..
,J A.....,.........
'1r t! I',
.. .
."" '
"" " -
,\'
' ,1. " ,
. . ........
J,
.. ',
1 l'
. ',,,"
, -
..... "\.. . '!"
",), '-','
'.,. ' 4 ' I i'>:
;\ - ''? ,
--'f . i
B pa3Hbie CTOpOHbl nJlaBHO
YCTynaMtt1 CnYCKaJltt1Cb JleCT-
Htt14bl. Mbl 3aHtt1MaeM MeCTa
PAOM C npOCTOJlK>Att1HaMtt1,
nptt1WeAWtt1Mtt1 Ha 3peJltt1L4e,
OHtt1 B TeMHblX 0Ae}t{AaX;
AJl }t{eHL4tt1H OTBeAeHbl
OTAeJlbHble, He 3aKpblTbie
nOpTtt1KOM, MeCTa. 3Ttt1 MeCTa
CB060AHbl, tt1 tt1X 3aHtt1MaK>T
BcaAH tt1 Ktt1 tt1 Tptt16YH bl B
6eJlbiX 0Ae}t{Aax. nOA06HO
TOMY KaK AOJltt1Ha, onocaH-
Ha apKoL;1 rop, cnYCKaeTC
B KOTJlOBtt1HY, a BOKpyr
WYMT Jleca, TaK tt1 3AeCb
BnaAtt1Ha nOBTopeT tt130r-
- , I '
-' ,.... i .4.
'----- '''''-- .. r:t'
. 'f'j . 1r'.,
· tr
{;t:.t ,', '',: t
I" ""-j
r;;__i:- ,i'-- ,'
t" k.
,
.....,;.-- , --
'=
, 'It I
. Y.t
,
' ,.,' r
.. \ ".'
,'"
_'1 ___Ita.
1" . 0 -, < /"
" , -- _ '...!-' J p'
u ... "\, __ '.
. \
\, ,.
. "
.... ,', -- ,
" '-=---- ,'.'- ''fI-
, .
..
'! \-",,-
, I- n
, '," , \ nl \. :"
::.1\:1.1' I I ':
.. k}' \
_ . ' ,,\""i
,\0
\) '\,"
j
.I..
..
-
58
\"
. "--\.
I ',-- ': 'I'
'1',
- .
,....\ '
,',
' )
.{'<. r
,,-
HYTble 04epTaHtt1 apeHbl...
BOT KOPtt1AOP, OTAeJlaHHblL;1
Apar04eHHblMtt1 KaMHM tt1,
nOOAaJlb Mep4aK>L4tt1L;1
n030JlOTO nOpTtt1K; TaM,
rAe MpaMopHoL;1 cTeHoL;1 3a-
KaH4tt1BaeTC apeHa, CTOT
CKaMbtt1, nOKpblTble SeJltt1KO-
Jlen H bl M tt1 nJl a CTtt1 HaM tt1 tt13
CJlOHOBOL;1 KOCTtt1... (KOJl bKO
pa3, OXBa4eHHblL;1 CTpaXOM,
Btt1AeJl, KaK tt13 pa3JlOMJleH-
Horo Ha ABe 4aCTtt1 4peBa
apeHbl, 6e3AHbi 3eMHoL;1,
BbIXOAT Att1Ktt1e Xtt1L4Htt1Ktt1»
(KanbnYPHuiJ [uKyn, 7, 23
tt1 AaJl ee ) .
, .
.'
-1,,-
, c
,.
"
l8
'
'/
. "
\
...
AMCDV1TEATP - HOBA5I APXV1TEKTYPA D,Jl51 3PEJlV1LU
..'..t?:., to" \
." ) \\II."" ,>, ,
''' J ' .., "r< I: '.} '.';'I
;3 ,, ..I' '\<rj .
\Y l -- \ fI ')' J'.,'-, l 'ft h ",.--:- P . ,"--;;'1
::::,' \ ...; \; .': l :' ::;--;. :' ·
"'k' . i'J! . /'r ...:J\
J 11 t\k::,:.'('1 .' 7; '1:'"
Ba TOM )KC MapC0130M 1I0JIe. OIlIaKO, KaK II B IIpetbl-
YlII1X CJIYlla,HX, pellb Hilla 0 C'rpOI1TeJIhCTBC lepe135III-
Horo aMqH1TeaTpa. Ero B03BeJIl1 Bcero JIl1lllb 3a I'OI
11 OTl(phTJII1 B 57 r. CBOCH CJIaBOH OH 6blJI 06.H3aH 60-
raTO ,ZJ;eKOpl1pOBaHHOMY I1IITephepy 11 I1CnOJIh30BaHI110
caMOH WII1HHOH, HI1KorfJ,a paHee He YCTaHaBJII1BaeMOH
npH CTpOI1TeJIbCTBe, OCIIOBIIOH 6aJIKH (60JIee 30 M).
06 06J;IJII1I1 30JIOTa H CJIOHOBOH KOCTI1 rOBOpl1T 11 KaJlb-
nypHHM C11KYJI B CHOUX nOXBaJlaX, Hoec raHaBJII111a.H
06JIl1K pOCKOIHIIOI'O H BIIYIIIHTeJIbHOI'O Bllla 31aHI15I.
I- J 0 II pOCJIY)I01JI 0 .......
--..".
0110, YTOJI5I5I )Ka)KlY
lIy6JI 11 KI1 I( 11 rpaM,
Bcero HeCKOJIbKO
JIeT. nO)Kap 64 r.
J, (.,1..,
-",
f'.
...,.. f
''if
r-
...
'
. I -
.-:-
:t
lJoi
"
,...
. . "".
---...:I;...
(,..
.
nOrJIOTI1JI 11 3'1'0'1', O,ZJ;I1H
113 MHOrOYJiICJIeHHbIX, HO
-
-
MI1MOJleTHbiX llpl1MepOB TeaTpaJlb-
HOH apXlITCK'rypbI. OplHLlJIOCb )KfJ,aTb
Ilpl1XOfJ,a upeMeH BCCII3Cl1aIla (69-79),
lfT06hl YBI11CTh lIaqaJlO erpOlrreJIhCTBLl B KaM-
lie rpalll1I031101'0 aMcpl1TeaTpa B qeIITpc I'OpO-
tJ,a. CTpOHTeJIbCTBO BHYIIll1TeJIbHOrO BHfJ,3 3fJ,aIII1.H
H3QaJIOCb B 70 r. 11 6hIJIO 3aKOHYCHO THTOM (79-81)
11 ,lI,oMHQl1aHOM (81-98), CblHOBb5IMl1 BeCnaC113Ha.
110 MHeHl110 CBeTOHII5I (Bff71{lf'UfIH, 9), BeCllaCI13H BOC-
IIOJIb30BaJICJl Y)KC CYW.CCTH013aBWI1M co BpeMeH Asryc-
Ta npoeKTOM 3aHI1.H. BbI60p MCCTa - B )J,OJIIIIIC MC)K)Y
XOJIMLlMH 3CK13I1JIHIl, Ll,cJIII..-i H r JaJIaTI1I1- 6bIJI lIe CJIY-
ClICBa. J//l({fI/){ 1h (/Jptl//{JI{!
Jltl3,'Vtl (1783-/826) r 1/.106-
pa)/(fllllf,Jll/fth'OJlhIlIlX Z.i7tlrJlI-
t 1111 0 !H)({
BIII1:Y. PfJ7hf!/i {' ZJlfldlltJIIlO-
jJ(/,JIlI. (PlI.J1, l/tl/fl/Ol/fUIMluli
pll.lfOal/i, Jf)'3ft')
Iia c. 58. 1 'nljJ1/x G:HlIpfld-
('/LIlli (/843-/902). IlaJI0il{-
I-B11\hl Hcpolla. J1.J1Jll J pflJllOP
{fo('((I()a('/IlllorJ 6t/J/f)aXlil/o.-lf
/J lIa6..lIorJtlf'lIl 3f1 JtJ'K{/Atl/ /llfJP-
3flfAlhiX t!ff)Off),JIAfll Xpll(l}ll/flll.
(KjJaKo6, IJapodl/h1u ,MJ'3{JU)
v "
_.\
:;j
r
I'
-
59
Cnpa na. f{(), '1111 h!mlU'pH{/ Jl
PPh'OIlOIlPYh-lflt.Jl b'lj,/7UltOZO
IfltPA'{1
BIII13)'. 'l'pp,Jlbl TpaJlH{l
(f Pit, Jff
-
60
,.
: ,. ......... '.
"
,-».. ';;::....
,
'(-"
"
"
,.:I "
" '
" . .1
""- . '-
"'- i" Ill! .,
. ' . , II
'. "',. . - . ,,"
, '.i"i-
YaCH. OpOC'rpaIICTBO 6YlYIIeru aMcpl1TeaTpa KOrjJ;a-TO
6bIJIO OTHJlTO Y )IUITeJleH 06UI1HbI HepOHOM n0l' C rpo-
J1TelIbCTBO C06CTneHHOrO «301I0TOrO )),OMa», a n03)Ke
3anOlIHeHO BOll,oii J1CKYCCTBeHHoro 03epa (nOXO)KerO
Ha Mope, no CBHjJ;eTelIhCTBY J1CTOYHHKOS). CTpOH-
TeJIbCTBO ny61IHYHOrO 3aHI1.H B 3TOM leCTe H B03spaT
3eMeJIh 1'0pOlJ;Y [IOC1Ie BpeMCH eCIIOT113Ma IIepoHa
6hIJlO nOJIl1Tl1yeCKl1M )KeC rOM BOCCTaHOBJleHI1JI nopJI-
Ka 11 3aKOIlHOCTJ1. To eCTh B 3TOM cJIyyac KOJIH3ci,j
crall KaK 6bI yaCThlO 601Iec paCllillpClllloro IIpOeKTa no
B03BpaTY HapOilY 3eMeJIb «30110Toro )),OMa». B 3TOM
)Ke MeCTe 6bIJIl1 I10CTpOeHbl J1jJ;pyrHe ny6-
:,, JII1YIIbIe 3taHI1.H, HanpJ1Mep TepMbI THTa
, Z' 11 TpaJIHa. OalIaTHHCKHH XOlIM, MeCTO,
... ': ::-i'" '.. re C06J1palIHCb npaBIITeJIJ1 l1M-
... ., .. ;.l, t=.,, "-
- '.,Y./7.1I.t.\ .
," .:':"'t, \k1i'' --:t." II e p II J1 Hay H H a.H
, '_ . ',S; '. , 'ti,j: \1f, . ,_,,' '
, ,-_, -" .,}.( . '2f'-'J;a"":\ . - '- J, '
. '-c.J"3"':'::;:':/:::'r::;';1: ;y: ,:. .."'.
, '.f' ,'I t\ ,t ,;" : ..!!t.!,.. 1:....., ',..' {" ,t. ,-ih' , ": .
:1tl:\"': -" ''-, ' :' '-',". ',J': ' ",' t'.
. ,I ..: ,_" . --" .0.) ---::£2 , " > \ .-r '.
.: 'i';i,< ,'" . ::;!" _ ..;, .:..
, ' ., - - - ' ., . '.... . ". ' {, .
<,' .' '" ii,-." " -'. ',
, 11':' '.. .j'i'!..,." I{ , I:' . -' - ,
- - . "'-",..:,:::,-,{:.. ,-::. :\,.", .,.
. \ \ '!. W. - r'\:) ?' ,. ..." 'C'.
.. ' ... ,- , , . -\'."
, " " .- .' .:.:, :. _'. ,_,i . "_ '< r:, ,"...
""j
...'!' \.
.,""-
, . ..
,
9 t:
.. ";J."fI
, w"
,:-:., '\
,,
-'
": j'\ ':
'J.
'p ..'
AMCDV1TEA TP - HOBA$I APXV1TEKTYPA J]Jl$l 3PEJlV1li.!
\' \ \'
. "\ \ ' I\.
,
..,..'...
,.....,.:o..
,,,,1
,un '
L
, ........
)., ".... "..II ..,,.
-.; .. '
iii .
\IIi"".-
/I"
-"
" .
"
t
I't! "II 'I j I I
i .t" . .
. ... '" to ' ,. r. ill .. It 1\ It ,,,, ft '. .
'.- .._ - . It"
'."'.' I\",u'".''''''''' It I.
.,. 1 .. -,-
1
,.
.
t "
,!
OT <DJIaBHeB, 6bIJI B HerrOCpe,D.CTBeHHOH 6JIH30CTH C
aMcpJ1TeaTpOM B CeBepHOM HanpaBlIeHHH H C bOlIb-
llIJ1M QHPKOM C IO)I(HOi1 CTOpOHbI. I1MeHHo B 3THX
,D.BYX MeCTaX npOBOp'J1JIHCb QJ1pKOBbIe J1 11lap'J1aTOpC-
KIIe I1rpbl, BO BpeM.H KOTOpblX HapOA Mor ep.I1HOAYIIIHO
llbIpa3J1Tb cuoe COI:TlaCI1C C J1MIIepaTopOM.
rpaHf];H03HOe 3f];aHHe ,[I,JIH 3peJIH
OpH CTpOHTeJlbCTBe caMoro 60lIbLIIoro 3laHH.H aMcpH-
TeaTpa 6bIlIH J1CnOlIb30BaI-IbI TeOpeTHlJeCKHe 3HaHH.H
11 npaKTHlJeCKl1e p'OCTH)I(eHH.H, HaKonlIeHHble 3a 60-
lIee lJeM BeKOBOH rrepJ10 J1 I1CIIbITaHHbIe B p'eC.HTKaX
aHaJIOrH4HbIX CTpOeHI1H, pa36pocaHHbIx rro BCe:vI upo-
BHHQI1.HM PHMCKOM HMrrepHH. HCpOHOBCKHH npyl'
6bIJI ocywell J1, 3aJIJ1B ero 6eToHoM, C03AaJII1 IIJIaT-
CPOPMY-CPYH/aMeIlT, Ha KOTOpOM J13 Tycpa, KI1plIl1lJa
II \1paMOpa B03UeJIJ1 3,1,aHJ1e. KpoMe CaIVIl1X UfIClJaTJI.H-
IOIl\J1X pa3MepOB: MaKCHMalIblIa.H ;J)IJ1Ha CoopY)KeHH5T
188 M C apeI-IOi1 nlIOIIalJ;bJO B nOJIreKTapa, nOpa)l(aeT
paqHoHalIbHocTb BI-IYTpeHHeH nlIaHl1pOBKH rrOMe-
w;eHHH: 6bllIH npeAycMoTpeHbl IIOTOKI1 JllO,lJ.eH Ha
BXO;:I, H BbIXO;:I, (BMeCTI1MOCTb aMcpl'rreaTpa CBbIwe 70
TbIC. lJeJIOBeK) J1 pa3Mew;eHHe 3pHTeJIbCKHX MeCT
COrJlaCIIO erporoM HepapXIIH, IIpe;J,III1CaHIIOH aB-
rycrei1WI1MI1 3aKOHaMI1. nOJTOMY B 6JIIDKaHWIIX
Li/a/lelll: 8l1d lIa j{O.,/1I3n(, O},"-
PY.J/({Jlllluli 3r)r,llllJl.llllllfPI/Or)fl
Plt,-Jl0wit It. J1nf/JlIlI. (PU.Jf, Jf)'-
3eli PIt.fIOWl( lfll(/U.'/lt3tllfltlt}
-
61
HEBEP01lTHbiE A1TPAKLU10Hbl B TElJEHME n1l1M BEKOB
3peJla KOJl3efl
,,. ..} " _ ,I ,', r'
" .:t", - "
'. :. ,, f; :'" t
, -.. JJ" L --= ,'"
( .. : t . ,Il' /,i < -'
,t .' ;t.' ,I
" - · IY
. L XLlf1-..J. 'I
. . :i:- !>-.
.J-4',;_ .: :w.
= ""7- _
" ...
, .......
"''O;.u.
." ........
.
t "
'lI'b' ',"
,' it..
...
, " ' , It
...JW
, ,.','
....-J. ., .I
.J -
-! ..'
.' .
B Te4eHe n04T nn Be-
KOB B KOll3ee,
ll aMcpTeaTpe ct>llaBeB,
npOWll Tb1Cfl4 KpOBaBblX
rllaAaTOpCKX rp, MHO-
rit1e 3 KOTOpblX 3anCaHbl
Ha CTpaH4ax CTOp 3-
3a He06bI4HOCT CpeACTB,
llK)Ae >KBOTHbIX, 3a-
AeCTBOBaHHbIX B HX. OT-
KpblTe aMcpTeaTpa B 80 r.
COBnallO C rllaAaTopcK-
M rpaM (munus), AllB-
WMCfI 100 AHe, C K>HfI
AO ceHTfl6pfl. 3T rpbl
BKllK)4all He TOllbKO
npBbl4 Hble Cpa>KeHfI
rnaAaTopOB TpaBllK) A-
KX 3Bepe, HO MopCKoe
Cpa>KeHe - HaBMaXK>,
HanOMHaBwee npO30-
weAwee BeKaM paHbwe
Cpa>KeHe Me>KAY KOpH-
cpfl HaM it1 KopKpcaM it1.
B KOll3ee YCTpaBa-
ll He TOllbKO KpOBaBbie
-
62
--
...".:..A..t"-"'"
npeACTaBlleHfI, HO ,
HanpMep BOAHble TaH4bl
C Y4aCTeM nJ10B4X.
B OAeflHflX MOpCKX HMcp
OH cnOllHflllit1 CllO>KHble
KOMn034,CBfl3aHHe
C MOpCKO TeMaTKO: Tpe-
3y6e4, flKopb,a TaK>Ke 6bllla
BOCC03AaHa McpOllor-
4eCKafi CTOpfI 0 JleaHApe
it1 rep, 3ancaHHafi Map-
4aJ10M nOCTaBlleHHafi
Ha C4eHe aMcpTeaTpa.
KaK 3BeCTHO (no MCPY),
K>HOWa, 4T06bl BCTpeTTb-
CfI C B0311K>6J1eHHO rep,
Ka>KAYK> H04b nepenllblBall
AapAaHellJ1bl, nOKa He
YTOHYll BO BpeMFI WTopMa.
B C4eH4eCKO Bepc,
nOKa3aHHO B aMcpTeaTpe,
YAaJ10Cb 306pa3it1Tb Aa>Ke
WTopMOBoe Mope, npaB-
Aa, B KOTOpOM repo He
nor6aeT, a B nOClleAH
MOMeHT cnacaeTCfI no M-
1
llOCT MnepaTopa TTa.
B CTOp aMcpTeaTpa
rpbl no CllY4aK> OTKpbITfI
KOll it13efl YCTynall pa3Be
4TO it1rpaM, ycrpoeHHblM
TpaflHOM B 107 r. B 4eCTb
TpYMcpaJ1bHO n06e-
Abl HaA AaKaMit1. TorAa,
B 107 r., rpbl (munus)
Wll 120 AHe 6blllO
y6TO 10 000 rllaAaTopoB
11 000 Xit1 l,4H blX 3Bepe.
BnoclleAcTB AAPaH,
AHTOHH n, MapK ABpe-
ll YCTpaBaJ1 onlla4-
Ball nblWHble rpbl, HO x
Hellb3f1 Aa>Ke cpaBHBaTb
C 3Tit1M ABYMfI H no npo-
AOll>KTeJ1bHOCT, H no
4CJ1Y Y4acTHKoB it1rp.
A KaK He BcnOMHTb KOM-
MOAa?! Toro MnepaTopa,
KOTOpbl nO>KellaJ1 caM
ll4HO npOTCb no neCKY
apeHbl. HapOAHafi MOllBa
YTBep>KAalla, 4TO OH 6blll
BHe6pa4HbiM pe6eHKOM
>KeHbl MapKa ABpellfI,
ct>aYCTit1Hbl, KaKorO-TO
rllaAaTopa. OAeTbl B
WKypbl llbBOB, KaK BTOpO
repKYllec, KOMMOA y6it1-
Ball llbBOB >KBOTHbIX
pew it1Tell bHblM it1 MeTK-
M YAapaMit1 Konbfl, a B
OAH 3 AHe OH y6J1
Aa>Ke 100 MeABeAe. KaK
AMct::>V1TEATP - HOBA$I APXV1TEKTYPA)JJl$l 3PEJlV1LD
ncall CTOpK, KOMMOA
HaCTOTellbHO Tpe60Ball OT-
MelJaTb CBO rllaAaTOpCKe
n06eAbi B ny6lllJHO ra3e-
Te, AHeBHKe e>KeAHeBHbIX
rOpOACKX npOCWeCTB.
Ha ero ClJeTY 6blllO CBblwe
1000 n06eA, OAep>KaHHbIX
npoTB peTapeB rlla-
AaTopoB APyrx WKOll,
TbIClJ y6Tblx XL4HbIX
3Bepe Aa>Ke CllOHbl.
All O>KBlleH rp c-
nOllb30Ball MHOrOlJClleH-
Hble TeaTpallbHble 3cpcpeKTbl,
KaK,HanpMep,npAY-
MaHHbl B 3noxy (enTM
(eBepa. nOAcKa3alla ee
CTOp C KTOM, Bbl6po-
CBWMC Ha TallbHCKoe
n06epe>Kbe: Ha apeHe 6blll
npeAcTaBlleH 6YTacpopcK
KT, 3 naCT KOToporo Bbl-
Wll nTbAecT MeABeAe.
(nycT HeCKOllbKO lleT 3TO
peweHe 6blllO YCOBep-
weHCTBOBaHO BMeCTO
KTa nOCTpoeH 6YTacpopc-
K Kopa6ll b. «T epn KPy-
weHe», Kopa6llb norpy-
>KallC, COTH MeABeAe,
>KBOTHbIX 3 ceMeCTBa
KOWalJbX 630Hbl 06pe-
Tall CB060AY. 3BeCTHa
TaK>Ke TpaBll AKX
>K BOTH blX, YCTpoeH Ha
B 281 r. no nOBelleHtO
MnepaTopa np06a: B He,
B 281 r., YlJaCTBOBall Bce
3pTell. WpoKa AO-
pO>KKa DOllbworo 4pKa
6bllla npe06pa30BaHa B
«llec», B KOTOpbl BbInYC-
Tll 1000 cTpaycoB, 1000
olleHe, 1000 Ka6aHoB
Aa>Ke llaHe ropHblx
K03ll0B, ny6llKa BblCbl-
nalla Ha apeHY OXOTTbC
rpbl nepewlla (eHaTY,
nocKollbKY BnllOTb AO Ha-
lJalla VI B. pMCK nlle6c
npOAOll>Kall Tpe60BaTb x
npoBeAeH.
Ha >KBOTHbIX. B 312 r.
KOHcTaHTH rllaAaTopcK-
M rpaM OTMeTll CBoe
BCTynlleHe B PM. 3TO
6blll OAH 3 noclleAHx
MnepaTopoB,BwAellBw
AeHbr Ha npoBeAeHe
rllaAaTopcKX rp B PMe.
nOclle nepee3Aa Mnepa-
TopcKoro ABopa B MllaH
KOHcTaHTHonollb 06-
3aHHOCTb opraH30BblBaTb
1 Ia c. 62, RlIHllfH/{O h"'ptH-
/lfl (1745-1820), CCKrop
31\1cpl1TeaTpa KOJI1I3e5I co
3plITeJUIMI1 11 «napofJ,H5I
oxo fbI» Ila )(hBa. 1769-1770.
(JIrJHdoH, J/J'3eij Rlth'1II0-
pllU U A./lb6epJJlo)
Bnepxy. Jl({J'po /(J/({II{()HO.
I1rpbI B KOJIH3ee. FpU010pU
XVII 8. (PIt,Jl, ff{{lflt()/{(/JIMlhlli
lI/101l1tIllJII11I/Ja!ftItMI)
-
63
"
Cnpala. PlI.J10..-UJI,7U.MIlUrh..-a
{' lt30{)PfI.H((JH IIf.'! 1l0('.i,/nhIIlX
J!21t0 {IfJIt llli 2,/,/flr)It(/lIlO/)('h'020
rpU.J/(f It It.fl
BIIII:JY. 3rJaltllf f((L'/1I301
(8 pU3pf3t') it JljJVt'ht 3jJll1JlfJlIr
O{l'/X JJIIYJJl
If
:ro
(
C,WUli11'
(jf'jJ.\'I/lII' 6fl7MJII
(dl'peBJIl/llh1li)
I. I
A ..
[' r"
. ?
cL
;ilk
o
f
L
-
64
K apelle p,H/ax CI1;J,CJUI TOJlbKO
CCllaTopbI H t.IJICHbI I1X cCMei1,
n pt:lCTaB I1TCJI.H M COCJIO B H.H
Rca,lHIIKOB 6hIJIH OTRe,leIIhl Mec-
Ta YCTYlIa;VH1 nORhlIne - nepBbIC
MeCTa 6aJIKOHOR ra.IIepel1, nJIe6c
3aHl1MaJI MeCTa 6aJIKOHOB BToporo
.Hpyca I1JIl1 eIJJ;e MeHee y;Jp6HbIe Mec-
/
/ ' ",..
/ ' -
,I j H
k
.\ .
.' .......
,\ .-...,
,,-- ,-/
. '
. ',4
Ta, BMecre C )KeHIJJ;I1HaMI1 .HpYCOM 110-
BbIllle, 3a Hl1MH CJIe,[J;OBaJIO 1I0CJIep,Hee
KOJIbIJ.O 3pl1TeJIbCKl1X MeCT, YCTpoeHHbIX Ha lepCB.HII-
HbIX nO,;MOCTKax. Cl1CTCMa paMCIJJ;elIl1.H 3pHTCJIh-
CKI1X MeCT YCTYllaMII BHYTPII CTpOCII115I n03BOJI,HJIa
6hICTphlH P,OCTYII B JIIo60HII3 3Tl1X ceKTopOB, 11 no-
TOKII 3pl1TeJIeii pa3HhIX CeKl\I1H He nepeCeKaJII1Ch.
COBceM Hep,aBHO 6hIJIl1 06HapY)KeHhI 11 P,Pyrl1e OCO-
6eHHOCTM, CB.H3aHHhIe C BHyrpeHHI1M 06YCTPOHCTBOM
3p,aHl1.H. Hanpl1Mep, I1PH OTCYTCTBHH 3cpcPeKTHBHOH
BOfJ,OnpOBOf-J;HOH CHCTeMbI TaKoe CKOIIJIeHl1e JIIOp,ei1,
KaK 3'1'0 OTMe4aJIOCh B KOJII13ee, 6bIJIO 6bI HeMbICJII1-
MO. npOBe;eHHhle HCCJlep,OBaHI1.H II03BOJIl1JIl1 BOC-
CTallOBIlTb BIlfJ, CI1CTeMbI KaIUlJII13al\110HHLIX KOMMY-
HllIGll\I1H. OHa TIJJ;aTeJIbHO npop,YMaHa, n03BOJI.HJla
L He TOJIhKO 06eCIIC4HnaTb pa60TY MIIOrO'--lHCJICIIIIbIX,
Bmopoll
(Jrp.\'I/lII' pa:J6pOCaHHbIX no BceMY 31'aIIHIO, 0611eCTBeHHbIX
d r y60pHhIX, HO 11 p,aBaJIa B03:v10)KIIOCTh IIop,aBaTh
-- =' 1 BO,!\Y B COTHI1 cpOHTaHon, paBHOMepHO pa:!-
1" MceHH"IX B KphIThlX raJlepe}Jx-aM6
f t --l . JIaKpaX nepBoro H BToporo 3Ta)KeH
-7 I j _
JaHl1.H.
!l))/()pOli I/IU/O/l/l' 6fl'lh'()/: 1
r .
..,
)
rr
If
I
r
r lI,po"'li 00.:"'0::
VH
-'L,
",,,,--L
L1. r
J
Ilrtpllll'jJ (.W'I11 (/
d.7Jl mOIOBllblJ.:
Bmdl/ll/{OB)
AMct::>V1TEATP - HOBA51 APXV1TEKTYPA DJl51 3PEJlV1Lll
B QeHTpe KBapTaJIa npOBep,eHllH Mrp
KOI:n,a MbI CMOTpl1M Ha K01H13eii 11 BI1I1M Il.HTl1feC.HTI1-
MeTpOBble CreIIbI, TO p,OJDIOlbI IIOMIII1Tb, l.fTO 3'1'0 JIHIIlb
yaCTb 60JIee MOUHOro COOpY)KeIUHI, COCTOJIBILlero clIe
11 H3 paBeTBJlellIIOIi CI1CTeMbI nO;3eMIIbIX IIOMelle-
I1I1i:-i II KaT3KOM6: :/l,eCh IIIJIa IIolrOTOBK3 K 3peJn1IJaM,
HaXOf],I1JTHCb JTe6e(TJ;KI1 H I1HbIe npl1cnOC06JTeHI1.H, KO-
TopbIe n03BOJT.HJTI1 YCTaHOBKY B pa3HbIX MeCTax apeHbI
1IIOKOB BpOBeHb C n01l0M 11 HeO)Kl1laHHOe nO.HB1IeHI1e
Ha Cl\eHe 1I1O;J,ei1 11 :lKI1BO fHbIX. YaCTblO 3TOH CI1CTe-
IbI 6bI1I11 YeTbIpe KpbITble nO;J;3eMHbIe ra1lcpel1, CO-
ellIH.HBWl1e aMcpHTeaTp C 6JII13CT05111lIMI1 3(TJ;aHI15IMI1.
OI-Ia 113 ra1lepei1 (00CT04I1a.H) l3eJI3 K EfJJllr
luoif UtKOJlfJ (IJUt!uS ilfagllu.\), a /Pyra5I,
noC'rpoeHHa.H B 3noxy ,lI,oMl1qlIa-
Ha 11 H3BeCTHa.H KaK «ra1lepe.H
KOM10(TJ;a», n03B01l5l1la 111\1-
nepaTOpy B 1I1060i1 MOMeHT
11 CB060p,HO fJ,OHTI1 01' 61111-
)KaHlllI1X 3jJ,aHI1H p,o IIOf],I1Y-
Ma-TpI16YIIbI, HaXOI1BUlero-
C5I BHYTpl1 K01l1l3e.H. TaKI1M
06pa30M, K01l113eH 6bI1I l\eIIT-
\.
\, \. . ...
'" .. !--
'" : \.
. f,
. .:,.
v
:J
/
...?
...1 1
. . e.
pOJ\l caJvloro HaCTOJIel'O KB3pTa-
1Ia, I105lBHBIIICrOCJI IVI5I 06ecnC4eHH.H
)la1:JHe/e.HTeJThHOCTH 31'01'0 rpaH(TJ;1103HOro
CTpOeHI1.H T\JI.H 3pe1l11. KpOMe EOJlhlltOlllttKo. '1h1 B 3TOM
KBapTa1le HaXOjJ,1111I1Cb eII-\e Tpy) 113BeCTHbIe lllKOJTbI
rJTarl1aTopOB (YnzpfJfllJlJl, j(aKlJ{aJl, /2UL'lh(J{aJl), a TaIOKe
Ka3apMbI ,[VI.H MOp5lKOB cpJIOTa 113 ,1113eHbI, HaHJITbIX
nepe,Ll,BI1!',XI'b TeHT, a TaIOKe 06CJIY)KI1BaTb opY)KeillbIj
CIUIa;.r" CIUIa,Ll, C TcaTp,UILIIbIM IIl-IBeIlTapeM, I'OCIIIITaJIh,
J\10pr. B V B., Kor/a CPOPTYI-Ia OTBCpHeTC.H 01' rJTalHa-
TOpCKI1X Yll'p (lJlltlltl(I), 3TOT KBapTaJI, IIO.HBHBIIIHj,,'ICJI
)l,JHI 06CJIY)KI1BaHI1.H nO;:I.06I-1bIX 3peJIHIIJ., TO)Ke HaYHeT
nOCTeneHHO pa3pYUlaTbC.H.
BHI13Y. 0603HffllfHlIe p{/OlO-
JlO)/cellltJl !JjO/lJJ/{//{O{l1t JljJo-
:XOd08 Nfl //{,PllO. Jt Jl P )/l .AU/Oil
8 KO,i7l13n.
l.i
1 ,..1 '
// .
. at"..
": ,, -.... ...il
'.;' , ,
e 1 '\ "-.
... '-..,,'{'
.1 ,.
. Cyltft'OI/(I)/IOltf/l(J
1ft 01/111 {/ II U
. flpfdno,;]{/ZtltAtbie
fP 0 II III {/ II bl
-. j{opudopu /.t .I1f J Olll/ll/fU
-
65
IlporpaMMa
Hrp
L': .l
\,
. MnepaTOpbl
rpbl
. OpraH3aOHHble 3aTpaTbi
Ha rpbl (munera)
. OAH AeHb Ha apeHe
.
,. "."""
. '
! .' '..-,.-"'."" j.
. i\ '.
)t- .. ','.' r, ,r.
-\' '.. c ".
,', ,:II IIr"
, t \',
I.. J "
\ f, '4 Ur <
. b II }',
'..,. .. '\ ," I.
, \' 1 .
"T ,:t'!t..", ''\1
,"" I J "
r . 1 -, '
_' .. -.. ...:!""4 -.. I
-\,
, ,
---..-
.
"t.' \,
iii' .
" '
:itw":r' "'I
-..
, ,,("t }I
. I, lJ e,..
; \.......A
:.
t f'"'"\a .
........ ,
t1,..."",
".J4I'",,
r
q't."I'" '-'\I
"lIrAtU(» ..
'J
. TpaBJl5J AKX }t{BOTHbIX
CMepTHbie nprOBopbl
. (pa}t{eH5J rJlaAaTOpOB
. rJlaAaTOpbl
nOKJlOHHK
.0\ . "
.." BVl J.:":': <
I ' . Isrl
«MOWUHO U2p» YCOBepweHCmBOB0f10Cb B nepUoa t1Mnepuu. l/Ucppbl 2pOHaU03HbiX
(u Y>KOCHbIX) 3pef1ULl.{ OWef10Mf1RlOm: HO opeHOX, p036poCOHHbiX no Bceii t1Mnepuu,
pO au YBeCef1eHUR ny6f1UKU CpO>KOlOmCR mblCR4U >KUBOmHbIX U 2f10aUOmopOB. KOMMOa,
UMnepOmOp-2f10aUOmop, CblH MOpKO ABpef1UR, uMnepomopo U cpUf10COcpO, BOCXBOf1RemCR
60f1bWe 30 no6eabl HO ope He, 4eM 30 aOCmU>KeHUR B ynpOBf1eHUU 20cyaopcmBOM. 3Homb
copeBHyemcR 30 04epeaHocmb Op20HU30'-'UU U2p, Bce 6of1ee aOp020CmORLl.{UX, HO Bocmpe-
60BOHHbIX. HeBepoRmHblM ycnexoM B Mupe f1106umef1eii 2f10aUOmOpcKux U2p n0f1b3YlOmCR
CYBeHupbl U 3060BHbie U2PYWKU. nORBf1RlOmCR KOMOHabl 60f1ef1bLl.{UKOB, 2omOBbiX 2opoii
cmORmb 30 CBOUX 2epoeB, cmOBWUX CUHOHUMOM MY>KeCmBO U CUf1bl.
. -
66
nporPAMMA V1rp
:..' \:t ', 0.-'0 ...;a:-\.r-n=t::4'' \ <'..._ t;',I_t "'. Y ' l.., ,. tj} . , )1:;" . f , .:_,(
t ,( .q,' f' ,J1; .."FIn",!,,: ..J!f::,.. 1 I.!;,. '1" ."t:5._ -1t: - ,:-t _ "'''''.. · \ \ '." --,,- -- ,:( , . . 1
1, 1" '1 .1'.,I( ...., -b:. '' ft\ ;;t:J..":\,. (")1, I-:,\' _' - I ".y,--.. ..; "v 1 .\. ,
,...r, 1':r.( . 1J /(: r-, "'" K:. '{J- "'.I(r!t'lF \. ' ,,,'I;...)'.oi{!t\}Pi?' .._ AI);: ':!
I . 'ti ,iJ I, '... 1. ;l1 rN, r .. ...,. " "', \'. '.., .:.. . "
'd. .. · Ie: ' .. -'" .....%{ -- 'f.' .f\ '1 Jo.C\D -J,. . .. :::::'ld - ; r- .., I
j -'''';' .S,'}-, , .,!/f . ....-r.:..-.,..ft.......C;-l""" i"'" "fnA . .:t t -.v----$"' ?l .--."..", .. \I --..
" 'j, ' :r ( ' 1 11' IIi ",....,. r I' «4<\_ I .' j" ",
. ; r:, ,/'I...... "_ ,..fJ- '&.. ,,.V' .2-.. ") . -.. ,;.-t... . ,). !' l' .d!
'Y.: : [j '-\'.' I ..t . ...... ,'j II', I L2t .L --- lJ ' -'
1iJ: 7d l II'' f I '\"..."':;f___.-<' - ---- "i= / ." ',,<-5 1 ''''' '. --- -, _...;.1
I: ;,r! , 1\ '1' >-T ,IJ -. -- i-"'\'1' t,,, 1 :, [r f ,!lll i . I I --... - . _:--=- - ;': ,::, . " ':"'' ,
II'''il/,\i.Ji Y\ / ! 'I J \ 'I';" ... J '\.1, .' r; {J r If: '_rl ' r\V! ._; iI-' =;',:.. : 1 J 1 '.!, . ,' t I
IJJ.'{,V"I ," !1 , I I .tll,1 L.... I. II\)' . ,,' .' ---. -"'-,.,.; "', 1 .D '
, i :il.l"\(iif., 1 1 9 1r;) ," ,_ - . \ '- - ......,..- ---... -oJ 1 I ---.. _ I
b 'r\tr{0i f\/, '.£.' : I - -, , --.. , _ ---.....
'" -- !'I', .)-.&- ' \\ :. '- I
.---'.., ,. ,
J
..",
I.- -
ii'
1 IF
'\. '", '''
.....
- --.. r
"" \- ......
,)
'. ' ---.....,.
.-- J: '\.
..----- '11 ,'
""- '-
. -----
..._-
,)
.
--
..-)
, \
I
-t:
.
-
B nepBbIe Ana CTOlIeTI1J1 cYlIecTROHaHJ1.H Ml'vJne-
pHil n PH Me 11 APyrl1x 601IhIIIHX ropo,lax npoeK-
TlIPYIOTCJI H CTpOJlTCJI 3jJ;aHHJI C yqeToM npOBe,ll,eHH.H B
HHX Ha caMOM BhICOKOM ypoBHe ny61IHYHhIX 3pelIH
(Inl/nero). AMcpHTeaTphI nepeIIolIHeHbl, 3pl1TelIhCKl1e
MeCTa B Hl1X yeTKO pa3,[J.elIeHbI Ha ceKTopbI ,[J.1I.H ce-
HaTopoB, Bcap'HHKoB, )J(CHaTbIX nJle6eeB, )KeHHH
11 MalIOlIeTHl1X. 3'1'0 - 3epKaJIO pI1MCKOrO 06eC'l'Ha,
llpCAallHoro II HaXO/HHIIIerOC,H B llOJIHOM COI,]Ia-
CI1H C BJIaCTHMH I1MllepHII.
I1CKlIlOt.}HTeJIbIlOe npano YCTpOHTelIJI
(e{litor) l1rp - Y l-IMnepaTopa. B HMnepa-
TOpCKl1X IIIKOlIax TpeHl1pYIOTC.H lI)T4IIIl1e
f'JIaAl1aTOphI, B ero 3Bepl1Hel\ (KaK, HanpH-
IVlep, B ropo,Tl,e JIaBpeHT B JIaql1o) CB03J1T ca-
MbIX CBl1penbIX Xl1IIJ.HI1KOB H 3K30THyeCKI1X
)KI1BOTHhIX. 11l'pbl Tpe6YIOT orpOMHoe 4IICJIO
.
.
l']IaHaTopOB l1 XHllJ,I1bIX )KHBOl'HbIX, yaCTHhiM
JIHqaM 3TH HIIIIl\l1aTHBbi lIe no KapMaIlY. lllI( no
npeM,H HIp, YCTpoeHII hIX no CJIyqaIo OTKpbITH.H ""-- - "
'-mt.....
--
BBCPXY. TpflBJlJ1 dUM!)" J/(lI-
(lOll/lib/X lia apnle (I flO..Jlll{JJlX.
P{'KOHO/lP)'h'l{lIJ1 (/J. HIIKKO-
./711H 1I
, , ""--'"
BH lf3Y. EpOH30-
B{/J! onOJ/l)''}11lK{/
ZJlflr)II{/IIIOPfl-
!ft/){lh'ldll{tI (,1l0{'-
II/flBJ7fHHbI,J-I H{/
3fAUlI(J lljlllllO,J!
" J '
.4f'
, -
'n
:\
- - .... 'J...
-
67
to,
'"r' I ' ' - ' :'. ,, KOJII13C.H B 80 r. 11 JIHBWI1XC.H 60JIee C'fa Hei1,
. t'( .- -tJ'1ft'It;" · "- . _ .
- ,..... .,1/.. i,t..t S>-- . .1r"" 6 6 5000
d:st:', '("' .tb( ,r;"''J.' '# '' bIllO Y I1TO CBbIwe p,I1KI1X )KI1BOTHbIX, 3a-
. < . l¥.t c : ...&li!-
;(,.;. .... ' ).t.!{ ,:.:;, ncp60BaHO pallee HeBI1AalJIIOe orpOMHoe 'mCJIO
'< jYd1!Nw" /,.' ,"¥y .:¥$. ':. rJIalHaTopoB. BnpOqeM, 3TH qHcppbI npeBO-
'.,{'::;i;.'-c . f "" r'-:':{'f'::\ Illell TpaflH (98-117). rllarHaTopcKHe Hrpbl
,?}y:" r " 1 .<.ID.'
. w ... . u
" 'f. v-,.: ,:' ';c.. t'[,..f;:?' '.' no CJIy-IalO ero TpHYMcpaJIbHOI1 lIo6ebl Hal
Ai:', , '", ", ,'.' . (J;:':-"":;'"
" ..,.t ..)I'e...,. fi /, . "'J.r\t;.r;:1C" ,
'"\gr .<;<. ,.:. .B';'" ,[\aKaMI1 B 107 r. WII1JII1Ch 60JIee Tpex MeCJI-
>;. :"">': J. . . L(eB. ECJII1 K 3TOMY A06aBI1Th, 'ITO B 109 r. 110
\>. /J:, :1. , '." '1;,,.("- AVa .4tJ, ,
., '7 ,,y ;;<. ',O. .. : ..-J -. CJIy-IalO OTKpbITI1.H TepM rrpaflHa rry6JII1Ke BbICTa-
BI1JII1 8000 rJIajJ;l1aTOpOB 11 60JIee 10 000 XI1ll\HbIX
)KI1BOTHbIX, a cnycT.H HeCKOllbKO JleT, B 113 r. YCTPO-
I1JIH eue OHl1l1rpbl (JJlltJlUS), B KOTOpblX cpa)[{aJIOCb
60JIee 2000 rJIajJ;l1aTOpOB, TO CTaHOBHTC.H flOHflTHO,
CKOllb MOIIHaJl OpraIll13aqlffl jJ;OJI)KlIa 6bIJIa CTOflTb
3a 3TI1M 11 KaKl1e Cpe{l;CTBa npejJ;nOJIaraJIH no06HbIe
MepOlIpl1f1TH.H. CpaBHHBa.H QHCPPbI, 20 000 rJIaHaTO-
pOB B nutJlera rrpaJlHa npOTI1B 10 000, BbICTaBJIeHHbIX
ABrycToM B nepHOjJ; ero npaB.neHH.H, MO)KHO OT;\;leTI1Tb
BeCbMa OllYTI1MbIil pacT qHcpp - CJIeCTBl1e nOCTO-
.HHHO B03paC'ralOll\ero HHTepeca ny6JII1KI1 K rJIalIa-
TOpCKHM I1l'paM.
R B C P X y. P It.-Jf{'h'({ Jl At03t1 It h'({
(' u306pfl.}f(PHlIPAl oXOmHltllhnt
('060KlI, 81fl'llUBlllnicJ/ 3)/60-
./Illt {I OJINIJI
BHI13Y. Jlp{/jJ'Wplthlli 6100/l
TpaJ/l/fI. (PU.l/, K{Il11tIllOJlllli-
f'h'ltP .U)/3flt)
-
. 68
HMIIepaTophI 11 I1rphI
VlTaK, Hepl10l}' I-lal1BhIClllcro
BcnlleCKa IlHTepeCa K Hrpa\1 -
nepHO/ npaBlleHI1J1 Tpa.HHa.
B TIOCJIeYIOIIl1e rO;:J;bl TO)Ke
,) (\!ll.. , \
V . - ,. \
YCTpaIIBaJIHCb NIHOrOQI1CJIeH-
HbIe Hl'pbl, HO MaClllTa6
HX 6blJI HalHOI'O
CKpOMHec.
IIa-
\\
, "',
\ \
npHMCp, H3uec-
TIlO, lITO A f TJ,pl1aH
(117-138) YCTpa-
I1BaJI TpaBJIIO ,J,11 KI1X
)K II BOT H bI X, r JI a P; 11 a -
"
nporPAMMA V1rp
TOpCKl1e I1I'pbI. B IIrpaX, Opra1lH3011aHHb1X Mpl1a-
HOM B lIaM,HTb 0 CBOeM llplleMIIOi1 )0l.Jepl'1 11 )KeHbl
Tpa.HHa nJIOTHHbI, )T1-IaCTBOBaJIO 300 rJlal1aTOpOB.
YfrphI, npOBO,--lI1MbIC npeeJHHKaMII pl1aHa, TalOKC
6hI.TII1 BeCbMa CKpOMHhIMI1: B 148 r., AUTOHI1H r 111M
(138 -160), OTMeqaJI ,D.eC.HTI1JIeTHJOJO rO;J;OBUJ;HHY
CBoero npaBJIeHI1.H, BblrrYCTI1JI Ha apeHY 100 JIbBOB.
MapK ABpeJII1M (160-181), 6yyql1 npOTI1BHI1KOM
)KeCTOKHX, 13petHhlx 11 HHK'-IeMHhIX 111'p B yrop,y IIpl1-
XOTJIM rOpOjJ;cKoro lIJIe6ca, qYBcTBHTeJlhHoMY K HMne-
paTopcKHM w;e;:I.pOCT.HM, TO)((C yC'rpal1BaJI rpalllH03-
I1hle HrpbI. 3'1'0 pelIICHHC JIBHO 6bIJIO 1I0JII1TI1'-1eCKHM,
(AMblE AOPOrME XMlltHMKM - A4>PMKAHCKME
f la c. 6, HHepxy. illo3{/-
II/la 8 .jlIJ-/(.)/((.JI(, (IJ'HII()
r 11306p(I.J/((I/II[1,JII/{('KO./7bA'lIX
XliII/lib/X )/(lIBOJJl1fb/X, B c./7Y-
611H{ BII(hlnIIl{:JIIIX h",:'/{'lIlh'{/.
(3./711-/(.)/(('.171, l1h'3f'li)
BIIH3Y. PII.llrKlJlt Pf)/I1l'!P
(' 1/306jJfI,)/(('I/IIl',,11 h"OjJfl6JIJI,
Ilfl)(B03Jlll/fcO B 1{..7('IJlKaX dll-
h'ltX .J/(UBOl1lllblX dJtJ/ 3Pl'Jlltllf-
I/oli JJl jJf/(l.ll1. (PII,lI, RII.ilJ!(/
. \Inh(llll)
CHa6>KeHttle ttlrp XttlHttlKaMttI
'L_.
. 'ct
i' r _ ,.'. .:..-:-"'
'.' ""''7 -, "
, I,
-=C-'>'_'""'""':
r. -''\. .l
1 ., j ......
,. ,.
l \ .
. , :." 1J;
I ; i :. I..
'f ::,:<:,' .{
',', , , . I': , :': I
. --
,,---.
_.. t... ," ,....
r apaHn1POBaTb 6ecne-
pe60HYK> nOCTaBKY
XL4HbIX >KBOTHbIX Allf1
COTH e>KerOAHO npOBO-
ABWXCf1 B V1Mnep rp
(munera) Morlla TOllbKO
XopOWO opraH30BaHHaf1
CllO>KHaf1 CTpYKTypa,
onpaBWaf1Cf1 Ha apMtO.
C nOMOL4bK> cneaJlbHbIX
BoeHHblX nOApa3Aelle-
H, cnOllb3Yf1 MOpCKO
TpaHcnopT, CBf13aHHbl
_:;, f...
C MnepaTopCKM CllY>K-
6aM no cHa6>KeHtO
npOAOBOllbCTBeM,TCf1-
4 XL4HbIX >KBOTHbIX AO-
CTaBllf1llCb 3 ceBepHO
AcppK 4aCT4HO 3
A3 B TalltO APyre
CTpaHbl EBponbl. MHoro-
4ClleHHble acppKaHCKe
M03aK 3 KapcpareHa,
3llb-A>KeMa, rnnOHa (Hy-
MAf1) AaK>T nOllHYtO Kap-
THY npMeHf1eMbIX OXOT-
H4bX npcnoc06lleH
Allf1 nOMK >KBOTHbIX:
KanKaHbl,
ceT, llac-
co, Bblpbl-
Tble f1Mbl
I: J
BOTHblX 6blll npeA-
CTaBTell eBponeCKO
cpaYHbl: MeABeA, OlleH,
OlleHf1Ta, Ka6aHbl...
Ha OAHO 3 CTell (3
KellbHa), nOCBf1L4eHHO
AaHe, 306pa>KeH nox-
Ballf1 K>L4 Cf1 4eHTYPOH,
y6BW 60llee nf1TAeCf1-
T MeABeAe MeHee 4eM 3a
nOllrOAa. KOll4eCTBO no-
MaHHblX >KBOTHbIX 6blllO
TaKOBO, 4TO 3TO npBellO
K cepbe3HbiM HapyweHf1M
3KOCCTeMbl. HanpMep,
B nepOA PMC-
KO Mnep 3
(eBepHO Acpp-
K C4e3ll rn-
.. ,--
1-' \ :'4' "' ,
, :t' -1::; _!, J. \. 'f
'" it\ ::., ' I.
\:- 1''':1' Ii:
.. 1-
T. A.
(peA >K-
I
' 2b: ' , ............ .,. ,
, ' ',.. ..........",,::- .... -"' '
I.......: _ .J -....; ,- ".,
nonOTaMbl, CllOHbl
lleonapAbl.
-
69
..
CnpaBa. h'100Jl HO,JI.J1oda.
A/pa.Jlop. (Pli.J/, Hall/lIllO-
,'lItiU'h'II (J JlI Y3f' II)
BIIH3Y. R. hpf'l/l/a. YacTb
nIlYTpc" IIC i't II}I all H POB-
Kif KOJII1:JCJI B pa3pe:-Je,
1769-1770. (J/Ol/rJOI/, JJJ'3fli
BllhlJlOpltll1J J./lb6{Jpll/(/)
-
70
4'1'0 IIOTBep)K,lJ,aeT 11 aBTOp
11:{ BCCT II blX cp 1111 OCocpc I{I1 X
paCCY)K/CI I 11 i1 ROfJIOJlUII/(/l/ltJl
(nanI1CaHIIbIX B qJOpMe
':.
\
j:8:. <
/ ............, :.
, "'" - :....'
-I"" '.
\ : ' I
-' J .....,.. , ' .
. .-, ''':-:
j }'.'?'-.. ,< I
1 'ttl I
-
.-:f , V
\-
"'",,- ..', . r;,
'\''';. :: ":
" , \
f],HCIHIlIKa I1 COCTO.HIII1X
lI3 IBeHHa[I,qaTI1 KHlIf),
KOf,lJ,a nlHIIeT, qTO BO
BpeMJI I1fp I1Mnepa-
TOp lVIapK ABpe1111i-i
n pl1H 11 M aJI IIOC110B
11 nOf];lIl1CbIBa11 eKpC-
fbI, ,lJ,eMOlICTpl1pYR CBOC
nOJIIIOe OTCYTCTBl1e 1111-
TepCCa I{ I1I'paM (lVlapK
ABpeJIHL IfrJJ10puJl AB-
2J'(J11{l, 15). MO)KeT nOKa-
3aTbCR HeMbIC11I1MbIM, qTO Y TaKoro oTqa pO,lJ,I1JICR
KOlVIl\10,n;, 1110611BIllI1M 6011bllle XBaCTaTbCR fJIa)J;l1a-
TOpCKI1MI1 cnoco6HOCTRMI1, a He )J,OCTl1fKeHl1RMI1 B
YIIpaB11eHl1l1 focyapcTBOM. Ol'pOMHoi1 6pOH30BOM
CTaTYC, YTO B03BblwaeTCR lIe;t;aJleKO 01' al\1cpHTeaTpa
<1>JlaBI1CB, KOMMOfJ, npIIKa:{aJI IIpl1,lJ,aTb 4epTbI CBoero
11I1a 11 C,lJ,C11arb lIaf],III1Cb: Ko.M.Jlod -llejJBhlll f"fK)'JllOp, 1/0-
),
--,
u:.- :. - .... -:: . A
tM" 'w ,::..J
\'',-
r--' .. l.;.r,
.ll-;; "-' ',''''
'...
,(' " "r'
1 '
i. ...
."[:;;
"/H!lilH"" ft. '1. 1 " f..Jl,t...L!L1.t.J!...ul.1i..Lf; !LLLL...a..i' 'oJ l..Jl.JU U
f1 -J. " <?'- . - ,- " -, " yr)Yrb.....-i -:\, - -
I I', '1:1" , ;- . .. _, ' .
' 'lTf ' '--' -.'-.-- ,..--
i. ____.'. IJ f'i' Ft Ii! Qi II fi_ f!: rf
,-; , 1, - If (0 ro .. If . :PI
"J " ( 'i"" ," 3:t \t
II - _ I ' '1 : , ' : _ f . ' _ .! { , -... _ I
..,)1..... ,-L __ ,__
'" "
I .s.....
-,
(.
npOfPAMMA !I1fP
I'
f f I fr/: "
J ':. # ',,'
oedUBlltltli (BU ute J 2 000
lleAoBfK, rpaJ/rtlJ/th JlfBOli
p)'Koli. Pa:HII1a MC)I(-
/-l,Y OTqOM I1 CblHOM
(l\-lapKoM A13peJIl1eM
11 K01VIIVIOp,OM) 6bIJIa
CTOJIb Ol.JeBJ1f];Ha, QTO
1\10.IKHO nOBepl1Tb
HapOf];HOH IVIOJIBe,
nO/-l,XBayeHHoi1 11 l1C-
TOpl1KaMl1, 6Y,lTO 6bl
KOMMO/-l, 6bIJI npH-
... .-' ---: I .
, ., \,,',7!i
,,:.?\ ; ,d , '", :}/,
,.., t 1(,.-l1/i'1 I
'ft:('(" , " r;",
.."....,',,:,¥ , '1 !'
" ,}.,, 1 ,I>.
, ': ;1'.I,.'d '". ">'
'. <:;,:,l.::.,.. j ,( ,.f{
.' . -' , -::.'..... -, -'-'- (,' ,{
:'. . ' :::
'.
eMllbIM CbIHOM, PO)I{-
f];elIlIbIM <DaYCTI1Hoi1
01' rJIaf];ltaTopa. KOM-
MO,o; Cpa)KaJIC.H B BO-
0pY)KeI-nnI reh)'IJlOpa 11 B JII060H MOMeHT 6bIJI rOTOB
Ha,o;eTb CBOJO JIJ0611MYJO nypnypHYJO MaHT11JO 11 BbIH-
1'11 Ha apeHY. I Ia ape He OH BbIcTyn11JI 60JIee 700 pa3,
MHorOKpaTHO 1l0JIBJI.H.HCb B KayeCTBe CTpeJIKa 113
JIYKa, C IICpBOl'O BbICTpCJIa pa311JI HallOBaJI CTpaYCOB,
Mef];Be,o;ei1, JIbBOB II/-l,a)l(e CJIOHOB (KOMMO;J.. JICIIIOpUJ/
4B2J'{IJl{l, 12). r IOIIJITHO, nOIeMY ero lIl:pl1qn; llpaBJIe-
, fI " !L'! q JU 0 U..3.! .11..LlLU " " B_I1 !Lt..!. U IlU_U,U...!U J f H 1\" 4\n'}1ij
.eoi' . '\ : "') . \ I " "\ I ) \ ' ': '. ',. '. ' \,' . _-!
: ' ; 'H I. I',. i'h ' "
tt 1 - t i] -i:::I:t:t/ , J
= , f[ fI ir-Rir ]i , n f 'tl ,
.1- 111 ,. 111.. J: -!!I- ,. 1_ .II I , fL, 1)-'-'"'; .
- = -= .'_-::="--= '_.JI - :: '.'_-_'" _:- 11 J I
;-.' -: ,'!..',it
. _ _",,= ' -=-==-- =/ -- '7 .7....'1...,. - - 'I 1 t
-=:- ...::'r'-:-' fo ..7 ,.:;,-(' , 0;',. " .... ,'.-1
. _____ __ I ! ;: I ,--L _I_:' t t, -l..
- ' tOlO '71 r"''', {J"'1t. J/ ril11JUfT/lllz ,tlj«;fft11//i,q'V JliiTr fiVe'
---:--- ... -] ];}.rl'n.- .11/lla'U../'#""'r-
raJIepcn KOI'\'fl\fOla - JlOd-
3e,J1HUJl ZtlJ7epeJl. yrlllpOeHH{fJl
{J !ft J'H d fliJl nil" {' f{ O./t1l3 Ot
-
71
-- H
\ J
Rnepxy. (/JP{/13f(HIIl ,Jl0-
3tlltKlt (' lI306pa.J/(fHltfAl
[If(}l/hi OXOIllb/. 310-3301z.
(117o/lf{uh Ip. J1fpIlH(/, fIlUl, '1(/
Ka3(/,7f)
RHII3Y. (/Jpal,JUJIIII/ .f103all-
h"lt EOJIhlUaJI OXOTa. IV 8.
(Blt,7,:ltl /(a3{1.7f HfI ILUJ/I/{/-
dll Ap,'J!f'pul/a, Clllf/l_'lllJl)
Hl15I 03Hal\leHOBalIC.H npOBep,eHl1eM MHOrOYI1CJICHHbIX
11Ial1aropCI{I1X I1fp. EOJIee 1000 pa3 Pl1MCI{I1H Hapo,n;
Mor n06bIBClTb Ha HIIX B rop,bl BJIaCTBOBaHIU-I KOMMop,a
(:L\rlapK ABpeJI 11 i1. tlrJllOpuJ! A8ZJ'(Jlltl, 19).
Bo II B. rJIap,ltaTOpCKlle I1rphI JIlIlIll1JIHCb CPH-
HaHCl1pOBaHH.H co CTOpOHbl HMnepaTopOB l1 pe3KO
nOIIlJIl1 Ha cna,.n;, Bce Yalle HX CTa1ll1 3aMeH.HTb H3
3peJIHHYIO TpaBJIIO C yyaCTl1eM pa3Ho06pa3HbIx
31{30Tl1yeCKlIX )KI1BOTHbIX.
31'0'1' HecorvlHeHHbIM cpaKT nOTBep)K,.n;aIOT l1cppbl
HeCKOJIbKI1X I1CTOYHI1KOB. TeM He Mellee He CTOHT
3a6b1BClTb, YTO «HH;yC'rpI1JI l'Jlap,l1aropCKHX 3pelll111p>
onl1paJIaCb lie T01lbKO JIa rocYlapC'rBeIlHoe cpl1l1all-
Cl1pOBCllll1e. CYIlCCTBOBaJI ee 11 ,lJ,OCTaTO1l10 LlIlIpO-
KI1H I1 pa3BeTBlleHHblH pblHOI{
yaCTHbIX YCTpOl1TeJIeM I1rp
(111unfrarii), Cpe,lJ,H KOTOpbIX
6bIJII1 rrpep,CTaBl1TeJIH BbICIllero
npOBI1HQl1aJIbHOrO 06IIeCTBa.
,lI,JI.H HI1X IIrpbl 6bIJIH He npOCTO
MepOllpH.HTl1eM,KOlf-l,a 1\10)KHO
n pop,eMOIICTpl1pOBaTb CBOIO
BllaCTb II 60raTCTBO, 110 II B3)1{-
-',' 't '...,,;,' \ \-",. ., ',.,
IJ """ .'. (\.
:: .: l ,,''\'::. Jll. ,. ( '" ;.'..: ',:,
.... " '" u . ',: }...:, " P\i' ,
, ' ., \ ,., .,," :.;t..\, \ ..' ,) .,.. ,'..
t! . "' ".- . ' -:,, \." ' , '.; i ., I': ;.. ' ," J
. ..'.' '', \' .,.' :':'-.':,.:\: \- ' .
""".... w \.' \ " ' :" " ' 1.',;,:t- f
7:>: ' . .)..:....::.. .:
...,: \'.: ",j ":":, .< ::.,.. ',':\;'
,... ,. .) '- ,-}"'V'"" ,', ", .\."\W\ '"
. \ '" !':" t.:. \ .... .".,,;
- .I , '.!' "\ "''
, .".. - 1/\.':-
-
72
HbIM nOJIIITl1yeCKI1M HIlCTPY-
MeHTOM lJ,1I.H KapbepHoro npo-
nporPAMMA !I1rp
p,Bl1)KeHHJI. YCTpOl1TeJIb 111'p 3a BpMJI IIpOBeeHHJI
COCTJl3aHl1M, BCerO 3a Tpl1-YeTblpe HJI, CTaHOBl1JIC.H
CTOJlb 3IIdMCHI1TbIl\1, 0 yeM l1Hoii pa3 II MeYTaTb HC-
JI b:1H 6 blJI o.
OpraII113aI 110HI IhIe 3aTpaTbI Ha I1rpbI
(1nunera)
OyeHb l.laCTO .H)unlop, )KeJIaJl yncKOneYlITb CBOI':" YC-
nex n OpraH113aQHI1 I1rp, 3aKa3blnaJI H306pa311Tb Ha
M03al1KaX p,JI.H CBoero p,OMa (a He TOJIbKO Ha Hap,rp06-
HbIX IIJII1Tax) Cpa)KeHl1J1 I'llap;l1aTOpOB, cQeHbI TpaB-
JIl1 f];l1KHX 3Bepei1, npocl1JI 3anl1CbIBaTb KOJIl1yeCTBO
YCTpoeHHblx HM lIrp, HX lICXO, npHBeTCTBI1J1 ny6-
IIHKII. Pa:36pocaIlHble 110 Bceii I1MIIepHH COTHl1 1;la-
p,HaTopcKIIX naJIec-rp CBOHM BbDKHBaHHeM 06J13aHbl
3;:t,1 [JIaM 11 p,YYMBl1paM, MYHHQllnaJIbHbIM fJ,OJI;'KHOC-
THblM JIl1qaM, 11 ynOJIIIOMnQeHHbII\1
rrpli l1lVlnepaTopcKoM ABope.
B03MO)KHOCTb nO'--IYBcTBoBaTb
ynoeH l1e 11M nepaTopcKoi1
BJIaCTbID XOTb Ha HeCKOJIb-
KO ,[J,Hei1 n pef];OCTaBJIJlJIaCb
OBOJIbHO YaCTO. 111'pbI lVIOI'-
JIl1 6bITb YCTpoeHbl 110 06h1K-
HOBCIII110 B YCCTb HMIIepaTop8
(pro S{I!ttff dOl/illS {Iugus/af - 3a
30paBuf (/82j'(1Jlt-'lilllf20, 8fJlllJ-.:020
zocj'()apJl), HO qaIIe Bcero yc-
TpOI1TeJI.HMJif lII'p, COI'JIaCHO
3aKOHY, 6bIJIl1 BHOBb 1136paH-
Hble Ha MYHI1QI1JlaJIbHble
OJI)KHOCTI1 3HaTI-IblC l'UcnoJ],a.
,lI,YYlVIBl1 paM nOJIaraJIOCb YCT-
pal [BaTb 3pCJI I1 a IG1K M III I H MYM
B TCl.lelIHC l.ICTblpCX Allell, 3/I1JlbI Mor.lIB OrpallJP,II1Tb-
CJI TpeMJI. 110 B JII060M CJIY'--Iac peYb IIIJIa 0 jJ,oporoc-
RI1l1:JY. P('7hf'!fi (' lI.106/J(I.JJ(f-
lI11e.iJf (pa.}J(fHlIJl rJjpah'IIjll{{l
r OJ!.70./lH1KO,Jf. (PILJ1, Ah'3fU
/JII,Jl('h'ojt I{II(III.7113(1l{1I11)
, -' .--
.. .
..
.. . .,':i
.
"
...
, v;<" ;t
-'/' :-
"""',-
t-"\;.
,, :I ,.I
.' i\
''\" ",,.. ,
....."'... .....
or
..... ..; J
'. ;, , "f'
,.:.
( '" / . r
,-.;::;.,: ,...,J
'. , oS '?-
-:.
- -.......
....-. .-".. ' J'
t. _
:--...' "j :'l'
'.L [?
X :'W.: M'
.<.:+
, ,
..
\.
-
73
\. .
BOOPY>KEHME rnAAMATOPOB
0pY>fU1e 3 nOMneCKX WKOJ7
B pe3ynb-
TaTe
YAa4HbiX
HaXOAOK,
CAenaHHblX
B 1766
t-1 1767 rr.,
YAanocb
c06 paTb YAt-1-
B t-1Ten bHYK>
KonneKu.t-1 K>
rnaAt-1aTOpC-
Koro BOOPY-
>KeH t-151, n pt-1 HaAne>KaBWerO
, 60u.aM, TpeHt-1pOBaBWt-1MC5I
B WK0J10X nOMne. B ap-
ceHane ApeBHe nanecTpbl
6blnt-1 06HapY>KeHbl 15 wne-
MOB, 13 n6HO>Ke, KPyrnbl
t-1T, Tpt-1 Hanne4 H t-1 Ka-
ranepyca, HaAeBaeMble Ha
neBoe nne40 peTt-1apt-151Mt-1,
t-1 APyrt-1e M Hor04 t-1CneH-
Hble t-1 pa3Ho06pa3Hbie
AeTan t-1 BoopY>KeH t-151. 3TO
Bne4aTn5lK>a51 KonneKu.t-151
BoopY>KeHt-151 rnaAt-1aTOpOB,
BbIXOAt-1BWt-1X Ha apeHY B
nept-10A npaBneHt-151 K)nt-151
e3ap51 t-1 KnaBAt-151: 60-
raTbl penbecpHbl AeKOp,
t-1306pa>KeH t-151 60>KeCTB
t-1 Mt-1cponOrt-14eCKt-1X cu.e-
HOK, Ct-1 M Bon t-1 Ka B B t-1Ae
Tpe3y6u.a t-1 nanbMbl.
< . j f '"
".# '
L ____
-
74
Y4eHbie Aon-
roe BpeM5I
C4 t-1Tan t-1 3TO
I
I BoopY>KeHt-1e
napaAHblM,
HaAeBaeMblM
Ton bKO no
;. l ':I.....
.;:!. , ,
cnY4aK> mpu-
YMcjJOJ1bHbIX
mOp>KeCmBeH-
HblX wecmBUU,
HO TaTenbHoe
t-13Y4eHt-1e
npeAMeTOB onpOBeprno
3TO npeAnOnO>KeHt-1e,
nOCKonbKY Ha opY-
>Kt-1 t-1 n pt-1 CYTCTBYK>T
cneAbl nOBpe>KAeHt-1
t-1 peMOHTa, nOBTOp5l-
K>TC5I t-1306pa>KeHt-151
cpa>Ka B W t-1XC5I
rnaAt-1aTOpOB
B POCKOWHblX
wneMax, T. e. 3TO
opY>Kt-1e - 06bl4Hoe
opY>Kt-1e rnaAt-1aTOpOB
I B. H. 3.
OTAenbHble HaXOA-
Kt-1 nOMneCKt-1X WKOJ1
He pa3 AaBant-1 Ma-
Tept-1an An51 nt-1Tepa-
TY pH bl X n po t-13 Be A e H t-1 .
B MeCTHblX nYTeBOAt-1Ten5lX
Aa>Ke ceroAH5I MO>KHO
HaTt-1 ynOMt-1HaHt-1e 0 Ha-
,y
AeHHOM Ha nnoaAKe
nanecTpbl Tene >KeHt-1Hbl
B AOpOrt-1X YKpaWeHt-151X
t-1,5IK06w,CB5I3aHHYK>
C 3Tt-1 M t-1 CTO P t-1 K> cTpa CTH 0
nK>6Bt-1. 6YATO 6bl oAHa
60raTa51 AaMa nO>Kenana
npO>Kt-1Tb nOCneAHt-1e Mt-1-
HYTbl cBoe >Kt-13Ht-1 C rna-
At-1aTOpOM, B TO BpeM5I KaK
ropoA nort-16an OT BynKa-
Ht-14eCKO naBbl.
3TO BbIAYMaHHa51 t-1CTOpt-151.
AeCTBt-1TenbHOcTb 6blna
ne4anbHee t-1 Y>Kac-
Hee. Bo BpeM5I t-13-
Bep>KeHt-151 Be3YBt-151
rnaAt-1aTOpCKt-1e WKOJ1bl
nOMne CTant-1 06e
MOrt-1nO An51 60nee
=-=- -----.. 4eM WeCTt-1AeC5I-
Tt-1 4enOBeK: OXBa-
4eHHbie naHt-14eCKt-1M
. .:\,
,
CTpaXOM nepeA
HaABt-1 ra BWeC5I
BynKaHt-14eCKO na-
BO, OHt-1 nblTant-1Cb
A06paTbc5I AO MOp5l,
Aopora npOXOAt-1na
p5lAOM CO WK0J10MU,
rAe 6erneu.bl t-1 YKPbl-
n t-1 Cb. ill KOJ1bl An51 H t-1 X
6blnt-1 nocneAHe, OT4a-
5IHHO t-1 6e3ycnewHo
non bITKO CnaCTt-1Cb.
npOfPAMMA Ii1fP
TO.H1Ll.I1X MepOIlpHJITH.HX, CnOC06HblX 06aHKpOTl1Tb
l\a)Ke COCTO.HTeJIbHYIO ceMblO. IIaIlpl1J\1ep, B 3IlOXY
I e3apJI OpraIll13aIJ;I1JI Hfp cpep,Hero MacwTa6a MOl'-
lla CTOI1Tb 8000 cecfcpql1ii, 13 JIlOXY
lapKa AspeJII1JI C Tpyp,OM MO)KIIO
61>1110 YlIO)KI1TbCJI B 40 000 cccTep-
{\HM. B KOHqC II B. H. 3. HaYI1HaIO-
- l J i\! ' ..
· 1,- , "
t,. ' ..
f.(/i fri{ 'l, ,
').,\' ':
'!t t . .
.& .1#
I .
llJ,1IM: fJIa,n;l1aTOp, yqacTBoBaBIIIl1M
B I1rpax, CTOHJI npHMepHO 1000
CeCTepIJ;I1M, HO eCJII1 f],JIJI rrpl1BJIe-
YCHI1J1 BHI1MaHI1.H TOJInbI Tpe60-
BallCJI 113BeCTH bIM: Y)Ke If],ap,HaTOp,
TO 3a Hero HYJKHO 6blJIO BbIJIO)KI1Tb
15 000 cecrepIJ;l1H. (3a Ka)Kf-l,OC ero
13blcTYIlJIeHlIe). IJ,cHa YBCJIl1lJl113aJIaCb,
eCJIIl rJIa,n;HaTOp IIOfl16aJI BO SpeMJI Cpa)KeHI1JI,
,; !
,\
-4t:
I'
nOCKo.lIbKY B 31'01\'1 CJIIae YCTpOI1TCJlb fJlap,l1aTOpCKHX
COCTJI3aHHM (nlllnrrtlrillS) JI,OJDKeH 6bIJI on.TIaTHTb Tpe-
HepY-JIOHllrnlY CTOHMOCTb JKl13HI1 I'JIap,l1aTOpa, 41'0 BO
MHoro pa3 6bIJIO 60JIblile CYMMbI KOHT-
paKra 06bl4HOM Bcp60BKH. K TOMY JKe
HeJIb3JI 3a6bIBaTb, QTO ,l];JIJI 3pe.rIl1llJ,-
HOM TpaBJIH Tpe60BalIHCb )KlI-
1l0THble, )J(CllaTeJIbHO «3y6ac-
--
, ':. :;:\ " '..
,
... '.,:11
.", .
J \ ,:
,ri ..
:; -'} .
. ... .
>"
"f',:,
).l ;\::
.... '!. II
, 'J' '..
&'{'
"":'i
TbIC» :JK30Ti'P-ICCKI IC XI1IIII1-
KH. EeCIIJIaTIIbIMH 6bIJIIJ TOJIbKO
. ,
:"
\
npl1fOBOpeHlIbIe K CMepTI1, HX
nOCTaBJIJIJIH MeCTHbIe npeJI,CTa-
SI1TeJII1 cy!e6HOH BJIaCTI1. Kpo-
Me 3Toro HYJKHO 6bIJIO 3arrJIa-
TI1Tb 3a nop,rOTOBKY «aKTepOB»,
yyaCTBOBaBlllHX B I1rpax, HaTJlHYTb
TCHT 01' cOlIHqa p,lIJI 3pHTCJICi,i, nOT-
paTIIThCJl Ha lIo:\apKH p,JIJI lIy6JII1KH.
IlarrpHMep, eCJII1 I1rpbl OIlJlal.II1Sa-
JIHCb 113 HMlIepaTopCKOH Ka31IbI, TO
'
:,' \
, l.i \' .
\
.\
"'" ,
B11113Y. Kr>jJ(/3//lh'(/ (' /I,W6pfl-
JI(fHlIf. J1 d6J'X ZJ7{uJ!{OIJlOP06
Ii ap611lJlplI. / (pt6HeplI.Jtl'h"llli
Ilf'IJI/od
- '" -
.. .,.. ' \t.t;' .\;\
" "c.,..
· 'lt i " '
" '.. . to, '.'
Ii ''', l' \, j
" \\ I . ,; :_),,-'
,,\- ,\ t.)
,\,.;
1 fH}KC,
Ep0/{Joo(/}!
(JJl (/ 1llJ',) III/{(/ ('
1130 6p(/.J/((, H 1I tAl
_ 1I h'III0 p(/. I 6.
11. .).
,.
r ,").
....
,
J", t,
lla c. 74,
nncpxy.
Jfolllpll-
lfa zpa6lopu
I/O ,Jfnll/ IllIh'O.1b1
ROHHlI (' 1I306pa.J/Ctlll/e,,,Jl
2Jladll{/1ll0pf'K020 lICteJJttl
(O/lr) 8 IlPO!pII,'lh II (J/{'pnJlI).
2-JlI/O,'7. XV1116. {Hr'fIJ1O.7h,
11 {j lill 0 Ha./t hHhlli (j pxeo./toZlI'Ie('-
K/lli J1J'3ni)
BHI1:jY. )J{eJlf3HMi, KlIH.J/(OJt
(' J{ool/JI/{oii PJ'J{O}/IIIb10.
/13 /lIIW 7M 2Jl(/dll(/IItOPOB
Z. 110.Mnfll. {Hfon , O./lh Hallll-
011 (/.In/{ hili a px{'o..,UJ2l1l1fYh'lIli
.J/Y3ni)
-
75
CIIpaBa. Topoo Ap.,n. Tpa-
610Pa J/i.-b'. J'1I6f J pa, Xrlll B.
XOpO!110 fIIuhlM 1I00Ilj)()/i-
1\'/1 {pfOHf6f1\OB010 IlfpllOOO HO
IIlfPPlllllOpllll rJp{JBHfpll,JltKOlO
(/ JI!Jjlllllealllpa
BHH3Y. AN1.l711Ii(/{Of Ilf l lOIllHoe
1I3d(/lIl1l' XIX B. {'II,W6P{lJJ(f'1I11-
e.J1 0112. 7lIli{"J{OIO )'hjJOllllllllfJU/
3BfPfii, rJ pf6Hf611l'pli. Jl(/{Uf
orJe,H(rJu (/lllJIlII/aIlIlN Nadol
rJ If! {"BOelO ['J/(Jlllllah'JIf!
" 45;'
-'
" I"
,J1 , .;,
f , 'I" ,\ -\.\..'
',iI!tI. " )2.::. ,\\ ,,
., ,I" '11.,'" .
, 'I
J ' .
r
- ,
I . y;. \
" t '" q-:. , .
.' '., ll, £ J:. ' "
. ',", or. } / j :', 1 " 1 \\
k+ " I;: : I, )1,
q/ . .
1&' ' r , ' ' ..
.: A f
!
'
,
'-
",;
-
76
'
... -;r-",,.- .
,,t:'t .
.,..
110 JIOTepee, YCTpal1Bael\lOH BO BpeM.H 3pCJIl1, 3pl1Te-
JIl1 MOI'JIH llbIHrpaTb !OpOrHe Of],e)Kp,bI, )Kl1BOTHbIX, ep,y
H A3)KC pa60B, KaK 31'0 6bV]0 IIpl1 OTKpbITIIl1 KOJII1:e.H.
YaCTllble YCTpOJ;rreJIl1 COCT513aHl1M B Mepy CBOIIX CPII-
HaHCOBbIX B03MO)KIIOcTei1 TO)Ke 060JIbIlaJIl1 ny6JIHKY
06elIaHI1.HMH ,n;apon. 31'0 MOr1l11 6bITb Jl.eHbrI1, npo-
,n,YKTbI nl1TaHH.H 11]111 KapTO'--IKII, na KOTopble '\10iKHO
6bI1I0 n01lyquTb KaKoi1:-HH6Y,D,b npH3. Hanpl1Mep,
H. IIoMnl1;J;l1M PycfJo 113 r IOMrrei1:, 6Y;J;Y411 KaH,D,H-
;O.aTOM B 3Al1JIbl 11 ,n,YYMBl1paTOM, npe,n,1I0jKl1JI BceM
IIPIICYTCTBOBaBWl1M 3pl1TeJI.HM Me,n, 113 KaMnaHHl1, a
ero KOJIllerH 6eCIIJIClTlIO paCllbI1I11JUI 6JIarOllOHl1,H C 3a-
IlaXOM wacpp3Ha Ha apelle, 4T06bI nCpC611Tb
061>141-10 CTO.HBWHM 3JIOBOllllbl0 3anax
\\, .
-
, " . ,;_ta;fJi:t'f'
'::;. .. \ t.;, . '.
<., ",' ,c,f'}."lr. ,t<, ,
l :i, l ' .-:., )r.;;..
.,..... , ., . ., ....., t "'
, .' :'. " 11 h .
, t/'J' '; '., ".,
/. ',i :."" ; '. .,
-
I,
. {,
,:'/1;,/
j, ,'
:
i
01' )J(H nOTII hIX.
3Tl1 OpraH113aqHoHHble 3aTpa-
TbI 4aCT114HO MOr1l11 6bITb nepe-
KpbITbI cpHHaHCHpOaBaHl1eM
co CTOpOHbI 4aCTHbIX 1IH
111111 HMnepaTopOM, HO jJ,JI.H
3TOl'O Tpe60BaJIaCb coo rneTC-
TBYloIqa51 pCK1IaMa. OHa)KjJ,bl
. 'I."
7' ,
". '
.t.
nporPAMMA Ii1rp
B floMne.Hx Op,Ha)K,l],bI pa31\1eCTI1JII1 80 pCKJIaM Ha
CTCHax ropop,a: 6bIJII1 YKa3aIIbI CKOJIbKO 11 KTO H3 l'.!Ia-
,l];I1aTOpOB 6YTJ;eT 13bIcrYIIaTb, ,l];aTbI IlpOllC/CHl-UI H llM.H
Oprall113aTOpa IIrp, nOBO,lJ, 11 p,a)I{C C006aJIOCb, lITO
6YlCT Hcrr51I1YT TeHT, npe,l];JIO)KCIIbI nOp,apKII 11 Ha
apene paCllhIJIeIIhI 6.naroBOHITJI. 3Tl1 IIHChMCJIJIbIe
coo6lqeHIIJI 11 naM5ITH HKI1 1I306pa311TeJIhHOrO I1C-
KYCCTBa nOMoraIOT HaM BOCCTaHOBI1Tb I1Iar 3a IIIarOM
06bIQHbIH ,lJ,eHb rJIa,l],l1aTOpCKI1X I1rp B nepBbIe BeKa
PI1MCKOH I1Mnepl1l1.
OAHH AeHb Ha apeHe
r Ipa3,lJ,HOBaIIUe Hay.I1HaJIOCb 3a CHb lO ca:Vll1X COCT.H-
3aHI1M. BCY.CPOM, HaIGIH)He jJ,H.H Cp,-DKCHII.H, yC'rpOI1-
TeJIb Hrp jJ,aBa.n Y)KHII, Ha KOTOphJii lOI'jII1 IIpl1MTl1l1C
TOJIbKO 60i1U;bI, HO 11 ny6JII1Ka, KOTOpaJI l\;fOl:lla 136JIH-
PEKnAMA 3PEnMLLt
HaAnc 06b}1BlleH}1
0 6'bflB-
lleH t.1fl,
Han t.1CaH H ble
Ha CTeHax
AOMOB nOM-
neH,o npeA-
CTOfl t.1X rlla-
At.1aTOpCKt.1X
Cpa>KeH t.1flX
COCTa Bllfl-
11 t.1Cb no on-
,6t-k.\::.r.. ."""'::-:=r .1 " - 't,.: .I' . J. t""-"T
J.,.P{;') i\ -J-.(itys1L
, JVTl Ll',ACG-QP{"
.' -'G YJ', 'fQI.! f.\ rJ<t;
': .1:../ [:..oLNN,OR£Dl L I' O}
, 1" iV'f; f'-"'ED,8 NT F',I B'"E : ;:.
jf.JlV Ll'l:'},t:E;,)(',Qf{J'lATO':::)
1..".';'" \.j"-{., l!.; n £ "1""\ of 1 "1'<.). \"..... } ',r I f f."
p.i'.I:',> 'f': ,r,', '{'\ ::-'l.I,'I[: '.:r;'(..;>' li \oi'l c,
! lr R S'N-:q'I,IY\R'SJ 'X\{J!l'
':I0'K.r f.5H ,(J i '.,I\f,G l:trUB, fR!l.f
, ',' ,7\::.J>!.r (6.-R BA,,}:ti'\.,: ',.,.f
H.., :!NL'\ M;A RC, l j LA MI\t'...
I r!, :,q--()-rARi $'Sll\oQ'' \'QV "i
1. t 1 i L:, f;n OSill , U,' , f(' ':f ;( , -A:f: S-=f:' '"
. C')'" ClY Q V' rl'1\ '4 N.r 5 :
t ,'.\(,,( ,,-',PO (.r0r,'S[(;'.,V1VM 1"
1 /'_>N,[M-lRGt\' .j.:',ftlv\", Pi
i;h\"A'ACVIXIT t"fNE'Mt:-r.'
j . 'R.!',I,rr:/:" F F C.i;.:' T :' !r.
.:,:, 'r>;bkJ:; :T,':
peAelleHHOH
cxeMe t.1 npe-
AYCMaTpt.1 Ball t.1 ynoM t.1 HaH t.1e
YCTpOt.1TelleH, 4t.1CllO BbICTY-
naBWt.1X rllaAt.1aTOpOB, Bt.1A
npeACTOflero
3pellt.1a, B03-
MO>KHble AO-
nOll H t.1Tell bH ble
YCllyrt.1 (HaBec
t.111 t.1 n OAa p-
Kt.1 Allfl ny611 t.1-
Kt.1) t.1 Aa>Ke t.1 Mfl
aBTopa 06b-
fl BlleH t.1fl. BOT
OAHO t.13 06bflB-
lleHt.1H C Yllt.14bl
A660HAaH4a
(nOMnet.1) CepeAt.1Hbl I B.
H. 3.: «.QBaA4aTb na P rnaAt.1-
aTopOB .Qe4t.1Ma nYKpe4t.1fl
RIIIIY, c.ncna. //(/II(f()?/JO-
61111 3tlXOPOHfHliJl 3H{{IllHOZO
?oolOrh.tHtl BbI?j)(/BltPO(/tlll(/
II(/(hll/('b 0 (/f'lll()/i I/(/,"}/-
1ll1l1ll0?O Bf.l71Il\O.i7fJlHO?O 3pf-
,illillfo, KOIllOjJoe OH )'OlljJOliJI,
6yrJ)"IIl.J/(/?1I01IpO,J/ h'OJIOIIIIII.
(EnIN/fIlIl/O. ApXfO,1/0ZII I IN'-
Killi "JtJlJcuj
BIII13Y. rpa!p!pIIIJlIl1l3 //o.Jl-
Ilni r 06ZJlBJ7fHlif.tt ollpnj-
01/ Of! IIf e.Jt Z.:l (/ rJ II (/ 11/ () P('h'(). Jt
3jJe./1 /I 11ft'
"..,.t4\ N£(, "f'J) (\JNJ VII) "1"\
, v
BalleHTe, nO>Kt.13HeHHOro
>Kpe4a HepOHa e3apfl,
CblHa ABrYCTa, t.1 AeCflTb
nap rnaAt.1aTOpOB ero
Cbl Ha .Qe4t.1 Ma nYKpe4t.1fl
BalleHTe 6YAYT Cpa>KaTbCfl
B nOMneflX C 4 anpellfl;
6YAeT TaK>Ke OXOTa Ha
Xt.1HbIX >Kt.1BOTHbIX t.1 Ha-
Bee. Hant.1Call 06bflBlleHt.1e
ny611t.1H» (CIL IV, 7992).
-
77
CnpaBa. PrJ/hrrft r 11.106jJa-
J!(PIIlIr.M 1Il0p.}f(rOIlBfllIl0Z0
111 (J('J1l8ltJl , 1/ pnhll(J('JIIBJ' IOI/It lO
lIZp(/,l!. I B. 11, ,J. (KhfJIIlII,
:>.jJfllfll.71111{f' rJlflBIIOZO apXf-
OJlOll/'/{J[h'OlO J'II/){{(jJlf J IIUJI
A6PJ'1{1{1/)
BIIH3Y. HaJ/OJlblfaJ! 3lO3al//{{f
8,ll,O.Jtf b'(/\J'('{I (I f{JIIIAJUIt'
(JLv!rl/p): {p{/)!(rIlU{J BCHaTO-
pan (' llUIIIlI'IHhI]lll1 arfJpllh"{IH--
rh'll.llll .J!(II{IOIllHhOII1. tfJ'3f'li
IfJ!({J.J! lI./1 bI)
,\J, 1,.:tf.r 1 ::'. "J! r \"\'" \ t 'fI" , '. ....
:J.4ffr'l:L J;,.f.r:)'l:.j.:;. ''.r."0-':! -.ti. WV. "'I}'i"4 ""."'t ..- -64i l.- to' 1'
.,1: ",: ... "f". ... ..,: l" "'..'.'"''''' ., -\... .- f;" :>. .... ..":t;". 'I'"-' ! lliir ,, ' _ !' f r ..
, '" \' ", "1 t' "., <, ' , 't' f
A!':)-,.:)' :' ',.'.. ,",i." '
' \"".1 ( L ' ; :...- .,-: .'
:., .. ", " v ,,'')-
. l. j , , I." , . I
-.... " ;J !.....: .\..t.. /; :,,_.... "t j
'c -'I" '.. ,.. 't/ , ,ill- '.,'
.:': t. '.> ". . J .' ;i , A ' I ') ;:'" ,:;.:' ;': " . t ',. . . tL .
17!J.1/1i ,c\' . ,,' \' . \' i', , ';.1: \ ' · " . I, "I ,;,; . ,;,;. ,'r : .',
.' f "' r. / .; . ';;" .':t !-" : ' P y ' ''1 ) ;'\ \) .' " ,., ' ',' 'I '.,J<' .{, ');'':: '....;'
..: , ", r". :.t. ' 1 '1 j' " ; \"" I' i" ,; :.' ,- ,':" ,,; -"4 i})';'/ .'
, ;' ,, 1, ,- "\. '. " J " , /', " , " ')l'.', '
I :'''' /1' J', I.!. '/ .'j I. ,- {, ,.." .),'I) , ' ., t
, " " I ,I "JI 'I 'iU .' ; '-!,)..,If"f\ ' 'i "'ii' : r.' ,, "
" ,fJ{ f' ': :,11 ';(;,) _ .'L:> i.J '"),>l.... '...
,I .r C'r' 'i l " . ,,\"" . ': .. ( '" -.;p ,k 'f.,',r.', .':i..
;ld .),.,? _:''.' < ':\\_'"
L,.r f . J. . II . . \.. ...... "," .. r.t1.,
i::.-:i;' fl f ...: I,,' ,:',"
I; :..1 ( l i. ' .' (,' f 1 ,
." J' . . ' } '! ' -' :t; JI ' I ..
11 . . . · .',. , >, . , "ft, ",i." ,
.; ./f'd' ;'. : ::- ,>. .,.': <: ' . ;; 2' , \ ' .'' '\ .. .'
, .; j
i, '.. :Jtt.J..,
.0,;;:::<./:: .
:'1. ,/r:
3H Y8H/leTb 113BeCTHbIX repoe8 apeHbI, oqeHHTb I1X
cpl13HyecKYlO cpOPMY HaKaHYHe COCT.H3aHI1i1, npe)l{/1J;e
yeM eJIaTb CTasKY B I1rpe. (Bo SpeM.H Hrp uy6JIl1Ka Ha
1'pl16YHax a\llcpl11'ea1'pa HCI136C)KHO 3aKJlIOIfaJIa napl1.)
} fa CJICP;YIOrn;ee yrpo B nepenOJIHCHHOM aMcpHTeaTpe
TOp)KeCTBCIIIIbIM WeC1'Bl1eM OTKpbIBaJIl1 I1rpbI. B 3'1'01'
MOMeH r 3/I1TOp 4YBCTBOBaJI CBoe IIOJIHOe 1\10pa.IlbIlOC
YOBJIeTBOpeHl1e B Harpap,y 3a CBUI1 TPy,n;hI no YCT-
pOeH111O IIpa3/IIHKa. KaK npOIICXO/l,I1JIO OTKpbITHe
I1rp, MO)KI-IO Y8111eTb Ha OlHOM 113BeCTHOM peJIbecpe
10pCKoro HeKpOnOJI.H IIoMneH.
Bo BpeM.H WeCTRI15I OpraHl13aTOp
Hrp 8 COnpOBO.iKtJ,eHI1I1 JIHK1'OpOB,
eCJIH 3'1'0 6bIJIO OJI)KHOCTHOC
'. --=-- 'i: ,,;t{v.... -
-I' ' I " ,.. ) 'n' "- ' 'i ... r
. . ,I I' ':.;Y-,;- -'., 15' I k
n! f ' yo , .,'n } : :', ,"",', f"
i '" \1' ' - ., j,., ' r.
ft' I:} ") ,'" _ :"--.(_ -1, :..
. I ,.." " '. ...\. . ,?' ',.i;\. \;! 1 '..t
iV'J.- ' .: '.'; <1 c.'i, l
'.{JP' h ," ",,,,,., r.t...
"t!r,>/- - ;-" - .'<!'" ; W f
fi !' . ".. 'it'lt, _'I ' (: "-
!1'>tJ '?/ .,. , ,'" 'J
-1i\SJ ,'" " ;'. ,,',' " ' I
;;\ ',' "'" ',. ,':? I""",; , ;,, ' .::_
"PJ . ( ' . ' :...-,?, g...\.. ' I' <,
;1 .", ; ", . -'';:::: t:' f', "
. _', ;>.. ,h"
i1 - - ' (, ' , t.',
\, j', *t,t; ";"" '\ _. I\ I "
,: '.;;;? I,' ,' .""1-' -"'lIt '_'-.,, , ,',f'
."1!<.' 1"..J- " """,' ,), t'. r",r.,
.r ':; c':"') , " 'i"Ir: "
:1P;c -:;N . 'do' .' .' '_ '\ ;:.; r
. ,)[-.:: J ' 'k ,)<t .... ."' "', ":::;s . ><:
.. "i <i$ 9 '....: ,;I,(I"'1\ !:
j.! A ' ,"\ r>-; h.1.'1
:.- . ' " ---, ... , ,/'" -.. l
' . f:i ' , ' D ' . P';"-Sol
t; ,' . I', '. f 'Ai
1 .. A ), ..Jj " L " ""'\' J '' \
, . ,,) V I v:- e ".
.'I Co, . '.fJ, {o, "
.s;:,(,':y-qK:. ...... - ,!-
-
78
JIHO, HJlIl B OKpY.iKeHI1H JIIOp,ci1
C lIaJIhMOBbIMI1 Bl;TKaMII B PYKe,
eCJII1 HrphI OnJIaLfIIRaJIHCb l.IaCT-
I-IhIM JIl1qOM, BbIX0f],I1JI lIa apeHY
113 TpnYMcpaJIbHbIX 80pOT. ,lI,a-
JIee rneCTBOBaJII1 MY3bIKaHThI.
I10ToM pa3HbIe CJIY}KIITeJII1 He-
CJIH nJIaKaTbI-IIporpaMMbl 3peJIH-
Il.\a C HaIIOMHHaHHeM ny6JIHKe,
nporPAMMA Ii1rp
CKOJIbKO nap 11 Tl1nOE l'JIalHaropOB 6y,o;eT BCCTI1 cpa-
)KCHI1JI, YllCJIO XHru;HbIX )f01BOTHbIX, llbICTaB.IlCIIIIbIX
lVIJ1 Tpa13JII1, 110 KaKOH npI1YHHe BO 13pCMJI 3pCJII111
6YlYT Ka3IICIIbI IIpl1l'0130pCHIlhIe K CMl;PTI1. Ila TOM
)I(C peJIbcqJC H3 I 10MIIei-% BH;TIIO, LITO ,ld/IIJlO!) H,.n,CT B
COIIPOBO)K/l;eJII1If IIICCTH CIIY)l(HTeJIcil, KOTophIe IICCyr
opY)I(He rJIa/l,l1aTOpOB, I1IJIeMhl I1 MeYH; B03MO)KHO,
3TO 11 eCTb Ta 113BeCTHaJI HCTOYHHKaM cqcHKa, KOTO-
paJI HaMeKaeT Ha p,OCMOTp opY)KI1JI, T. e. nOKa3 H [J;O-
Ka3aTeJIbCTBO 1'0TOBHOCTH 60eBoro 0pY)KHJI. 11 BOT,
HaKOHeu;, rJIaBHbIe yyaCTHlIKI1 Hrp - I'JIap,l1aTOpbI
H 3aTCM OCY)KAClIllbIC. IIpl1ro130peHIIbIe, CBJI3aHbIC
C' 111.-C-V-S-Ir-I:-'"A-M. \"'NI-V-S
£: Jh''''''''' __.."N' inl1lt c;;...:.
/(
,:.
. )\-,
"I''
f,4, 4- ;)
J... '
. eo;- . 1 "T
01/ ,,
":IJf:;..?,!-"
..unnu,.o n£.(..4U,
......". -.,..
r
'it I
,', . ti ' : I
;" :.'..' ,.'. J'..;.;t:..... . .: ,' "....: . .i.:.:..'.
'Iff" I tI -' r'""1r--'-... .--.--
, J '.w6-I'..J... ,. . '. -.- :iillP- i1t')\"W"t '::1...';tt:;-2" " , ' . . .
::;I' - ':. I ,'" ",ll I
L Jt _ '. ", IT '- __jJJJ.ft I
: ,"i '" --- :-:..-- .......-=..:. _..iEtt
i ... fi"r':', , lilmi111J, ' -,j:.:O]jlll .I'). =l
; .,; ,,;,Iftpl¥.(i -';;m .\I-.. r... J
.... I . I .... I
'I':..:":-': ::::.
JI.UYto, "....,.....'.'....111"
.t _.;-:-__'
'/.'IU'
f._ r
,) \coo
- .............1.. ..
Y'l'Y-'
p,pyr C P,PYl'OM OKOBaMH, BbICTaBJICHbI Ha lIOCMCWH-
uc lly6JII1Ke. YC'rpOI1TCllb Hl'p 3aIlI1Mal;1' \1ecro Ha
TpH6yuc aMcpl1rCaTpa 11 I-aef KOMaIllY HayaTL III'pLI:
corJIaCI-IO npcp,nHCaI'II1JI\tI, ,ll,aJlllbIM eIIC ABI'YCTOM,
YTPOM YCTpal1BalIaCL 3pCJIHIII1aJI TpaBJIJI 3BCpCi1.
TpaBJIJI lJ,UKIIX )Kl1BOTHbIX p,OJILIIIC llcex I1HbIX I1rp
nOJIh30BaJIaCb ycnexoM y pl1MCKOH ny6JII1KI1. B VI B.,
no npOIUeCTBl111 p,JII1TeJIbHOrO BpeMeHI1 HOCJIe npe-
Kparu;eHHJ1 npOBe,ll,eHHJI rJIap,l1aTOpCKI1X I1rp, B KOJIH-
3ee eLle MHoro pa3 yC'rpaHBalIHCb 3peJII1ru;Hble OXOTbI
B nOjJ,TBep)Kp,eIIHe orpOMIIoro l1l-rrcpCca K l-flIM CO
BIIH3Y, )f{fllI E JflY. PCKOIIC-
TPYKl\IUI l\HpKa <D:laM 11 H IHI
B PIIMC. XI'j 6. (RnlelfllJI,
E /I tJ.,711 0 J1l f A'f/ 11/(/ P'I fI 11 fI)
-
79
, +:1
. _I
'
, ,;r
, .
,-
'.'
J. - I
.". .
\'
'I
, .
BHlI3)'. Ha qJpfrh'f (11 B. H. :J.)
r Otl.'l./llOtllljJtlrJhlIIINIIII jJtI
(Jlf1jJllrJfl, Ifolal/lIJl) Il306pa-
}l(fHO rpflJl(fH1/{.J BenaTopa ['0
.1MJO.J1. (Jlr.JpllrJa, 11pxeoJ1011l-
lIf J ('h'lI il Il)I3l'lt)
BIlH3Y. Ha 1IIf1rJ.,'IIt'lh'f 3pll-
III( 1 hfX010 . J/(J('/IIt1 113 tI.lt.rPttlllf1-
tl!/ljJtl KO./1l13f1l J'h'a3fl1l0 1Ul11
If.JHtl1ll0jJtl, rJ7Jl h'01l1OP010 OHO
Ohl.1O .1f1 j)(J3rp(11l p06a I/O
Ha c. 81, BBepxy, cnpaBa.
HjJOH30fJhlli KOAOh'O.7h'lllh'
B Bltr)rJ z. ]arJlttl!/lojJa. /{tli/oot
(J 3pKO./ltlHO. (Hf{IJJ()7b, J/a-
1f 1l0HtI,1bH hili tI PX(.JOJlOlll'f(J{'-
JI'1I1i . J1J'3(Jli).
CJICsa. KOOll.JlI/{/.Jl P)'h'O.Jllllh'a
(h:'{(/f),IOZO I/OJ/({/ (' !p1ll,VjJJiOli
c7aiJll(lIllOpfl. (OOJlltJl, 'lHlJlll-
Ktl(ljJll)'.J1)
BUII:3Y. t'f:m6pfl.J/((JJII{(J pnllltfl-
PU.Jl. (30.70lIlOli !ftom) IV 6.)
-
80
, ,
C ropoHbI ny6JIHKH. C 3Tl1Ml1 3peJIHlla-
MH 6bIJIl1 CB.H3aHbI H l1Hble l1HTepeCbI:
IIOKa3aTh peKHx Xl1lIHbIX )l{l1BOT-
II bIX, Bocc03fI,aTh 3K30THLfCCKHe
IIcM3aflol, lIa OIlC KOTOpbIX npo-
TeKaJIa 3peJIHIIIIaH TpaBJIH Yl"'l1-
BHTb ny6JJHKY pOCKOIIIhIO 0pY)IOIH
\' .
...._ 1-\
."-
'I.". \.' "" _
So...
H BeJII1KOJIenHbIMl1 Op,e)Kp,aMH 8(-
JlOlJlOP08-0XOTHl1KOB, KOTOpble, nellll1e
I1JIH KOHHbIe, 6eCCTpal1lHO BCTynaJIl1 B CXBaTKY C Tl1f-
paMI1 11 JIbBaMl1. KpoMe 1'01"0, 3peJII111HaH TpaBJI.H p,0-
UYCKaJIa pa3JIHLIHble OTCTYUJleIlHH 0'1' TpatJ,11l\110IIIIbIX
KaIlOHOB: MO)KHO 6hIJIO yC'rpOHTb Cpafl<eHlIe H Me)K1J,Y
CaMHMII )l{l1BOTUhIMl1. }IalIpHMep, 3aC'raBHTb cpa-
)KaTbC.H CB.HJaHlibIX 'Vle)KP,Y co60i1 MetJ,Belei11I 6bIKOB
HJII1 IIOKa3aTh ynpa)KHeHI1.H JIOBKOC fI1 H CIIOpOBKI1,
KOfa aKp06aTbI 11 60HQbI nbITaIOTC.H OCeJJaTb 6hIKOB
H nOBaJIHTb I1X Ha 3eMJIIO. A ene npOBeCTI1 Ka3HI1,
3peJII1IHbIe 11 B036Y)l{p,aIOIHe. Ha M03aI1KaX BHJIJIbl
3JII1TeH (JIHBI1H) H ,lI,oMa I1CKYCCTB B 3Jlb-,lI,)I{eMe
(TYHHC) MbI BI1tJ,I1M )KYTKHe KapTI1HbI C 11306pa)l{e-
HI1CM CB.H3aHHblX JIIOp,ei1 C y.epTaMI1 JII1Q BapHapCKI1X
lIJIMeH. OHI1 6pOl1leHbI IIa paCTep3al-Hle KO JIbBaM
II IIaHTepaM, KOTopbIe BQCIII1JIlICb 13 IIpllrOBopeH-
I1bIX. Cpa)I(CIHUI C iI(HBOTllhIl\HI HJII1 MC)I{IY )KHBOT-
IIblMII I1HOH pa3 MOr,TII1 I1MeTb H IIenpe,rCKaJyeMbd1
IICXO,1., !ltOCTaBJI.HH HaCJIa:tK / 1.eIIHe ny6JII1Ke. Y '1ap-
qI1aJIa B KlIltze 3pe.lllI1l{, nOCB.HU",eHHbIX TOp)l{eCTBaM
.,\tr'JS 1'
1,
-...- L '..
" .
r-I- '. ., t ...
. Ir........ Il1o......
........ -
r . ·
--
..,
. .r..._
A
4-
-;--
... ...
.. .. "".
.. .. .. · \'. .,,r.
'''-t_ .. ..
"" ... ....... . . .. \...t . :: .. ... . r.; ow
npOfPAMMA IIIfP
nPEAMETbl AOMAWHEfO 06WXOAA W (YBEHWbl
(YBeHpbl naMflTHble nOAapK
O rpOMHafi nOnYllflpHOCTb
rllaAit1aTOpCfH1X it1rp 03-
HaMeHOBallaCbnOflBlleHit1eM
l4ellO OTpaCllit1 npOH3BOAC-
TBa 3a6aBHbiX «U2PY-
WeK», CBfl3aHHbiX
C TeMaTit1KO it1rp:
fllaAit1aTOpCKHe cpa-
>KeHit1f1, CMep-
THbie Ka3Hit1,
Cl4eHbl OXOTbl.
npeAMeTbl AO-
MaWHerO 06it1-
XOAa,TaKit1e
KaK CTonOBafi
CTaKaHbl,
pa311it14Hble
CTaTY3TKit1 it13
BCeB03MO>KHbIX
MaTepit1allOB
it1 pa3HbiX pa3MepOB, HanO-
Mit1HaKH 0 repoflx apeHbl.
04eHb 4aCTO 06-
pa3bl repoeB
conpo-
BO>KAa-
JOTCfI it1X
it1MeHaMit1,
it13BeCTHbl-
Mit1 H no
nocYAa,PYKO-
flTKit1 HO>Ke,
naM naAKit1,
CTeKllflHHbie
llit1Tepa-
TypHblM
-....,
i '
-
-
-...
r I
to
, ,
,""i-
i'
.'
... ,
'"
\ ". :
f .
. \
,
\f-
'\'1
-
.:....;---
it1CT04Hit1KaM. MeHa
ABYX rnaAit1aTOpOB 3no-
Xit1 HepoHa - neTpait1Ta
it1 npYAeHTa, ynOMit1-
HaJOTCfI B Camupu-
KOHe neTpoH it1f1, it1X
it1306pa>KeHit1f1 Mbl
Bit1Ait1M Ha nOMne-
CKO M03ait1Ke,
B rpaBit1pOBKe
Ha COTHflX,
CAellaHHblX
B rallllit1it1, CTeK-
llflHHblX CTaKaHOB.
De3 COMHeHit1f1, caMblM
llJ06it1MbIM CJO>KeTOM
6bllla Cl4eHa OTKa3a
OT npOAOn>KeH it1f1 cpa-
>KeHit1f1, nOCKOllbKY 3TO
He npOCTO MrHOBeHit1e,
KorAa pewaeTCfI it1CXOA
Cpa>KeHit1f1, HO it1 MO-
MeHT, KorAa ny611it1Ka
cjJaKTit14eCKit1 CTaHOBit1TCfI
BepXOBHblM CYAbe n06e>K-
AeHHoro, paCnOpfl>KaeTCfI
ero >Kit13HbJO it1 CMepTbJO.
3Ta TeMa 4aCTO nOB-
TopfleTCfI Ha Kepa-
Mit1Ke rallllbCKoro
n po it1 CXO>KAeH it1f1
KOHl4a I - Ha-
4alla II B. H. 3.
it1 Aa>Ke nOClle
IV B. H. 3. H a
KepaMit1Ke
" ..L' ,
" 0.
f' ...
-,
.'
, it
..
. ,
....
'i'
. \
.. '
.
,jl
.lIo- ,
. \.,..
,(
acjJpit1 KaH-
CKoro
npOit1C-
XO>KAe-
Hit1f1.0c060
',) .
o
TaTen bHO
3TOT CJO>KeT ne-
peAaH B it1306-
pa>KeHit1f1X
TeppaKOTOBblX
MeAallbOHOB,
it1CnOllb30BaB-
Wit1XCfI KaK AeKO-
paTit1 B H bl e a n nIl it1 Ka 4 it1 it1 (it1X
it13rOTaBllit1Ballit1 B AOllit1He
peKit1 POAaH BO II B. H. 3.).
Ha 3Tit1X npeAMeTax YKa3a-
HO He TOll bKO it1 Mfl 60 l4a,
HO it1 ero 3acnyrit1, 4it1CllO
OAep>KaHHbIX n06eA it1 KaK
3aKOH4 HllaCb ero >Kit13H b.
MO>KeT nOKa3aTbCfI CTpaH-
HbIM, HO Aa>Ke it1306pa>Ke-
Hit1f1 CMepTHit1KOB (MY>K4it1H
it1 >KeHit1H, paCTep3aHHbiX
llbBaMit1 it1 6bIKaMit1) it1Me-
llit1 CBOJO nonYllflpHOCTb
B CYBeHit1pHOM npOMblClle,
CTa HOBit111 it1Cb n pit1 Bbl4 H bl-
MH AeKOpaTit1BHbIMit1 MOTit1-
BaMit1 npeAMeTOB nOBceA-
HeBHoro 06it1XOAa: TapenOK
it1 llaMnaAOK.
.
.
-
81
.. . '. . 4 'fd' ',-: .:':; ,', '7 ,;\:" ." .. .... - " ,t. ,[ 1J}. ,....;, ' '<kJ' )f. fJ ' \';,P;'.' ' .', t'i 1;!f< " . , -. ' :r:iv'fJ ' ',.
- "ctf;;e;,' t '-::':-,"Ti! -:" .:...--..;".;;7J"r--.."'-" L .J;t., 'p.,,:? I "'f ,'!S;-.I:-;-"" , ; J ,,=::;::.-..., -'; J,-.._.....,-d:
· 1:' . <;.'- .-{;: f:t',.,. '* W ';' {i.i. .....: #,.y:..f -' . .-;'ifiJfjj:p.,,;t!f ., . .I; ;i:t' ''1'(.' ,='t '''::
,' , . - " t " ':'' ;,i/:'1 ,:.:;- i:1$r'' :J;]:,; 11r ij ":J.: '}"'',':if' fii- ::'J
'';f:),'-' l" . '"ii"& ',. ..t '.." ' 1 " '. ." t.,r:;.....,}I.;!t.-,-t.,. ,:-;'tf" ""i\ ,.) ' :\,:' . ."
'1.:'" " 'J;i'; ,1.-;::>'(' '-.,,' '"... :'-:'" ,,=I.'-'!:Ii;_'-t::J' ""Wr, "r/ _.......tgzfw.!; ,iI"'r., . ...!I
.)....r .S}J».-:>"') ,: !, .:" : ;:I,:\,;" ":=-: _ '-"I F" }-f"" .... '. : ,!!.f.?....r.?r .-'j,-:: :l:-' ii?, ;ht,. _i....:./,,r:..
" ., '. ": t ",;;9-7.-/f1 0: r'¥' -:,:1. . -'..!. f..,.tJ \,? "" I :\.: -;;'NA%;'T ll :':"
!;;lIJij : ", ?t':-I""IJ .';-\. ' ., -: '"l::.o{ ',:;;rl;'t _".: 1 1 .'. .";;;;'r':tthtJ ,'(I,""'l{; 0, :,.
v ,:Cfj;j,l!.ff 'y.:' f'';} . ,..; .. "-:.<i:. i' :':;'f;pfJ. ....t:..:-)j? ';..:: ,(:;--lf,:' ,.,,'t' ,: ¥i:1'1;/4 l,::.tl''
, ,,; t ; \ :s.: "..,. \ .:J',1':'$I... .f.t ":-?J.' .":---' ,:.?:tl. ',' . ' , ."ILf7 ,,:''. -+---... .
. 0(. ,r, -/. :'. ,\f.:;;., -, :I ,'' f. <'' -, '.' ....!'.t! ',Lrh ";l?' LOP' sr.H--;1.U, I' J. ..:. ¥ f 1,11. ..,,/ l '.-'--;r.
. ,. ,',. )=>->; ; " ) '-:----. ....,\. -::J<'>," . ";(...-:"'W-.1L-,-;'r :<--:' i--:':!:m;,:,' ::!1'--;'}-'r:'f., .;,:::::,
..., ",.r. . ,:', :'', . £:""trr: " 1::'. , };;,'ii ;r;.:..', '";..::' - :: ;.;: <z.;"--'"'- J"'L1''}'1:-
') ',,-:.i !:[ ,,1": 'if.".;!!:,?!t. .-::->':'?;' ,' , ";Jt, :25-t<-::' '1.:L:,j'::/,f :- '.i:'>r::,(. .-.;' ::. ';/ ::'i;( ?;.
, . ' " =!,. - () ''f. '.,' ..-" ".,.........' -'<. 'tf'< r;.!...;,.''(F.... ' '" ...\r_ ,'" ,..t:.: '., . to '.i" ,to; .. '., ','. t, '
'r ";. ..'.-.... :.....', :':::.?{Vi!]?=1::}: ;{% ::.:' '0' ;:<:f.' .: ':':.i', );¥i'f.y=', '' ;_, : '
BBepxy. j{nJla./7h .l1O.1all-
KU l" U.106pO.J!CfH ue.;}! .Jty.1 hl ""{{Ii-
mOB II cJl(/(hltIlIlOjJOB, 83Jlltll/(J-
Hf, (TpltllO.J711,11/)'.1f'lt)
BH(3)'. 1'eppOJ\'01JI08Uf (Ill{/-
111)',7111 "'II )!(fll Itf It 11-(/ "1)o6t1I110K.
(TajJoHJ710, HallUOHaJllr
HUli apxeo-
JlOllf'/ fOati/.
.Jt)'.1 fit)
,
:'
...
)
lit 1"
...
'4
.J.
-
82
no CJIY4alO OTKpbITI1.H KOJII13e,H, eCTb HeCKOJIbKO
111ITCpCCHbIX 3111130tI,OB. OIlI1CbIBa.H Op,I1H 113 HIIX, 011
paCCKa:3bIBaeT, KaK Op,l1lI 6bIK rOIl,HJIC.H 3a MapHOHeT-
KaMI1-nyraJIaMI1 110 Bcel'.;'t apeHe, nop;6paCbIBaJI HX p,o
He6cc, a nOToM, Kora, npl1H.HB IIaCTOJfllerO CJIOHa ::Ja
nyraJIo, IIOIIbITaJIC.H Hero C,[I,BHHyrh C MeCTa, HeO)KH-
aHHO paCnJIaCTaJICR Ha ape He (Mapql1aJI. KHUZO
3Pf.1lUllj, 19). B pyroi1l1cTOpl1l1 OnI1CbIBaeTC.H, KaK
,[I,Be ra3eJII1 nbITaJII1Cb y6e)l{aTb OT OXOTHI1KOB, HO
CTOJIKHYJII1Cb Me)l{,[I,Y c060i1, a TaK, lITO rYT )l{e
11 YMepJII1. I Iy6JII1Ka B30pHaJIaCb OT XOXOTa, BI1,[I,.H
HeIlO,[I,BJ.DKHO 3aCTbIBIJIerO 0 r 113YMJICHHR OXOT-
HJ.IKa p,ep)KaBIUero B pYKe HarOTOBe, IIC IIY)KHbIii
y)KC eMY KI1II)I{aJ1 (Mapql1aJ1. KlIlIZ(l3prJlUlIf, 4, 35).
Bo BpeM51 eIle 0ll,Hoi1 OXOTbI M0J10p,OH
OJIeHb, n peCJIe,[I,yeMbIH 60JIblllOH
CTOpO)l{eBOH c06aKoH, YCTpeMHJI-
C.H K HMnepaTopcKoMY nOfJ,I1YMY
11 npHCeJI Ha 3a,[I,HlIe HOrl1, KaK
6bI YMOJI.H.H 0 IIOllap,e (MapQl1aJI.
KHltZa 3pe.1lUlIl, 1 7). BO:3MO)f{HO, LITO B
3 fl1X CJIyqaJlx pel.J:h lllJla 0 ,[I,peCCH-
,. ',L " ,
:t
pOBalllIhIX )KI1BOTIIhIX, XOTH 11 IIC
BCeIl\a IIOKOpHbIX. lIIe IVIapql1aJ1
paCCKa3bIBaeT 06 OHOM JIbBe,
KOTOpbIH BO BpeM.H BbIcTynJIe-
HI1.H BOCnpOTI1BI1JIC.H CBoeMY
X03.HHHY H BqeIII1JIC.H B Hero
.. '.)
.J
, '.. i
'" 'J ,
. o{ '/" of- I
I. .. I I.a:
1.' ' t :-
8 .f f: A
npOfPAMMA IIIfP
(NlapQl1alI. KHlIZa 3Pe.lluuJ, 10), 13 TO BpeM5I KaK p,pyroH
lIeB, ClIaBI1BIllI1HC.H CBOI1M MI1pOlII06l1eM 11 nOKopHOC-
TblO, HCO)KI1p,aHHO Ha6poCl1lIC5I na BYX MalIblJyraJIOB-
y60plI1KOB apCHbl 11 paCTep:3aJ1 I1X (Mapu,l1aJ1. /{lIl1Ztl
3j){'lIU Ilj, 2).
3pelIl1Il-\Ha.H TpaOlIJI 3BCpcii lIa rpal'llI 6e3Y-
MI1J1, OXOTa Ha TbICJl111 I1KHX )KI1I30THbIX, )KYTKl1e
Ka3III1 6bIlIl1, nOXO)Ke, TeMI1 CaMbIMI1 He3p;opOBbI-
1\111 II KpOBaBblMI1 MOMeHTaMI1 Bcero 3pelIHlIa, BO
BpeM.H KOTOpbIX ny61II1Ka BblCTaBJIJllIa HanOKa3 ca-
MbIe Hl13MeHHbIe CBOH I1HCTI1HKTbI. BorOClIOB rpl1-
rOpl1H Ha311aH3l1H B KOHIJ,e IV 13. H. 3. Olll1Cbl13aeT
TaK TOT 3cpcpeKT, KOTOpbIii IIp0I13BOl1l111 3pelIl1Il-\a
Ha lly61I11 KY, 110 601IblllCM qaCTI1 Xpl1CTl1dIlCKOro
BpOI1ClIOBelaIlH5I :
«EClIH qelIOBCK cnaCaeTCJI 01' XHIlHbIX
)1(11 BOTllbIX, OH 11 )l(aJIYIOTC.H, 6Y,[I.TO 6bl 06-
l\'lallYTbI OKa3alIl1Cb OHI1, a lie .iKI1BOTHbIe,
11 qTO, 3HaQI1T, 3pJl OHI1 npl1111lIl1 Ha 3pe-
JII1Il-\e. Ho KOr,[l.a OHI1 BI1,[1.5IT, QTO 3Bepb
Bu;eTIHJICJI B lJeJIOBeKa, a TOT KPI1YI1T
II TIbIlIb CTOllT CT01I60M, CKOlIbKO I1CKOpOK
)KaJIOCTI1 Mbl 1311,D,HM B l'JIa3aX 3pl1TeJ1eiL
A C KaKoH 13eJIl1KOM paocTblO OHI1 aIlliO/\HPy-
101', CCll H BHJIT Mope KPOBI1».
I 10 He 6yeM 3a6bIBaTb, ITO CJlY-laH, KOI'f1a {I{Hfl-
lJlOP OKa3bIBaJIC.H B IlJIaQeBHOM COCTO.HHI1I1, 6blJll1 ,[1.0-
CTaTOIHO peKI1. Be,[l.b BfHflJnOp'hl, KCTaTI1 cpe11 HI1X
6bllII1 11 )KeHl1I1HbI (MapQl1aJI. KHlIza 3peJlUllj, 6),
6blJIl1 npocpeCCl10HaJIaMI1. Ka)l{bIH 113 OXOTHI1KOB
ClleIJ,HaJII13I1pOBaJIC.H B onpe,[l.eJleHHOM 1311p,e 3pClIl1-
HOM OXOTbI. rrpeHl1pOBaJII1Cb 01111 13 ClIeU;lIaJIbHbiX
WKOJlaX, KaK, Hallpl1Mep, Y/J/peIlIlJlJllltKOJltl 13 Pl1l'vle.
nlIoxoi1I1CXO no BpeM.H 3pCJlI1II1I0i1 TpaBJ1H Bcer;:J.a
6hlJI y Xl1lI\HOrO )IUIBOTHoro. MCIOIIOLJ:eHI1.H COCTaBJI5I-
BIII-13Y. Cfpe6pJlllOe 6ll/0-
do, l!fllidl'HO 8 EO{'}{(JpffL7l',
6.,'1113 IloAfllni (1 6. do II. J.);
!lf1}('fJIIU!liIIl{ lIpJ'nll J1 !liINt/()'
6 BlU)l' J/(l'HlllllHhf r ZOJI06HhI.M
),60PWl1l13l1fhJ'Phi (J/Ul!ll; O{,-
IIO{I/{{IJI lfflOllh XIIII{lIhlX 3{lfJpni
II JK307llll ' /f'(1{ltX .J/(l1807Ill/MX,
ltOIO./th3J'f'J/lb/X 8l'HaJJlOpfl.//llt 8
III jJa (ut l' .J/Olfl{) 1111/ hlX. 3(/{m.1lt-
./If/{'b U.Mf'IIHO 1I3 A.rftlJlf Kit.
-;;.--
-, ' . ..ti)/, ,.. l'
"- '.\
....
-
83
'.,
Cnpam1. nO.'llllfli{'l\{/J!. 'IflllI/(-
1If1 {' U306p{/J/{"PIIUe.Jf !JUrJHU({1
8 o6pr13e IU.J1l1flO/la, KOIIlOpUli
70KIllfAf OIlUpanll{'J!lI{/ 06pYlI
dllJ! 21UfH{/OIlIl1IfO{lIX ,Vllpa.JI(-
lIellllll.
BHH3Y. Bud It{/ 1l0d3f.MIIMf 2{/-
Jlepell {/j'llrPlIlIlealllpa (jJJI{/8Ue8
Ila c. 85. (/JP{/2Jl1fHIJl3103flll-
KlIl11{/2fpuy{'{/; :JIIlOlll11{{AIJlJII-
1I/1I{ rJa/J/upyelllolll f 8., (2()
P{/3.M{pM 5,30 x 6,80.M. (Cyr,
J/J l 3eii Cy{'{/)
-
84
JB1 OT,n;eJIbHbIe CJIyqaH,
KaK TOT CO JIbBOM I1H-
HOKeHTHeM (1IlIlOl-elltia
= He13l1HOBHbIi). LITO
KaCaJIOCb npHrOBupH-
HhIX K CMepTH, TO 3/eCb
BCe 11 Tal{ nOH.fITIIO.
t( , ,." ,. "'' "t..:. i ,'--(' '. I
I' r · .?'(.':-T' ' ,\.: ...:, ' '
,- ' M ,,:Gl'-':":"';"-" "" >:""..";,' t;\,
: .. I .. (;,._ 'l -.-' "" .., 400....'.!. .\". . f.t:.
· ", .' j\)\] . :1' .'.,' "'I' 'r., ,' 1: , J
' . J .{'I.., 1 " :"iJy' I J
" " l..',:V..}.(.', '.-.,.-5- .,i:,":.!-, I
'1\ , 1 "-'.f :t:it . \1:' ., :"'\ M j, .:: .I I
f r. , , ',..,....\,, . . {:';r:: !.: J
' I , 'J ..,!f{(: ,:,':1(.W' r "
11 1 ';J:" ; ':::gH ;;«,>; "
I ! i. r " ': -:;;; /;lJ ':" }::, ' ] . . 1 1
I ,.' 't 'J ",' '.;( 'f'u '. .. :1 (\'J' P. I
,I ' 'k' ','; ; .,. ,... ;"'"I !'- I
, : <.':, :1!. , \ , .,".t . ' . ' :.,! . :j J: _ : 'I
" " , '!iI., .".. t <' .. ": ,-\;,1. '
} , :'j --:",'.J. - .''f ' '; .' I ., :.' it'; : ' l,t -.J
'4 ' . " '." , " ' , '--"'J ......... I". . " I
- ':' ,::.,(l(\ I .., ' ' :;'--:l :-1T1}' 1 I
· ; ::',. I :,..,' "" 1 \' ,:."'1' ': :#:",";"" :.
t ' I ,1,,; ":' ,:\.,' .. {'" ... '1,J'f! ,:.. :
, .- :: ':::. :.I '' 'X-';; 'i ,:ii:f:Ji:br 'I '
, ;' '-.. ......,:.._;... \, ,... ".:.:" I'
' ;} /,\ :'' ,\ .;: \ : ':" ...:: (, '! '
r j ",::-'I". ;t."' '>:1 .,' '".. ':,"'-
; ,;;,,
TpaBJIH AIiIKIiIX
*IiIBOTHbIX
iii CMepTHbIe
npMrOBopbI
B Acppl1Ke, r,n;e TpaBJI.H
3nepe 6wJIa OyeHb
nOIIYJI.Hplla, Y)Ke no I [
11 ] II BB. cyecTBOBaJIH IIIKOJ1bl, clleqHaJIl13HpOnaB-
IIIl1eC.fI Ha 06YlIeHHI1 H nOCI]J;rra1U111 IIpocpeCCl10HaJIb-
HbIX OXOTHHKOH-6(1I(lIJlOPOB. OtI,Ha 113 caMbIX 113HeCT-
HbIX IIlKOJI 'Rlege1lii TIOCB.HeHa ,lI,IIOHI1CY. B Kal.IeCTBe
CBoero CI1rvlBOJIa OHa l1CTIOJIb30BaJIa 11306pa)KeHI1e
(MOJIOtJ,Oi1) paCTYllei1 JIYHbI. KOHKYPl1pOBaJII1 C 3T0i1
lllKOJIOi1 06lQeCTBO Pentasii (B KaqeCTBe CI1MBOJIa Y
Hero 6bIJIa TI.fITl1 KOHeYHa.H KopOHa), Tauriseii (ero
Cl1MBOJI - JII1CT IlJllOa), Leon!ii (IIOKJIOH.HJIHCb Be-
Hep, HX 3I1aK OTJIIlqII.fI: BeTKa Ml1pTa).
,.,*;I:11;;'' ;?-,?- "., > -
'\''''''-''''' l"'I""': ,'-
..... :,'-8 . 1 "t t "J J i I 1 '_ tJ. ." ,.."'.
. ,'I ",' , '.. ' , .', I i ' _
",,-1" ' I :. ",'
, ',. ,
'4. '1' '..i' " r;' " I ... '.' i:j;tI. , .,-
- ' ..'I. .'\ a+ I '-:'" '-,..,t" , ' , ,
t., ...!;C;i.;,_II;, \,"_, _ ,
t \ " f t,_, l" :..:."
. \, t ' I. .'11 ' -"h ,a. i", "-'
r ,I, r If.z "" , u.. -;'i '.. 'J .
. 1 1 6'; .' 1'l!. a.t i .Lf ' : 1(," . : ,
", \.;" \ ;.:: - 1J. J "t. .'..::. '-,', . ,"
,\: " K : ",;t'\,., 'i Al '1' ' ". \. ..
, .." \{ ,.-, . 'I \ "
":'::.*. . . ,,': '"",, "1 ,to r "'.
- '- "- ... r,.. , 'I:
. , ..,'" ":"" ,... ,
6- .. :_ ....
l
I.
I
npOfPAMMA IIIfP
CEHA TPABn AMKX >lU1BOTHbIX
M03aKa Marepyca
.....-
. ,l \"1 .. ..
.. ADCll.J.\/IIW.IJv. )'
iE,5,:.::< : } . ,: ,
MIQ.1Wp..\H" ' . NW-JJV!bo.........
't!tANNtl1ll , 1:- J.;J:1O<IU r I
.. FHJOr.ISIX\IoI'" 1IOo.:r;:,::: I
, 1tt\SDmf"IO) r_ilt'-\fIIO' " .
<Mt:lG!)oJm SKC1SMI\S '- _ '
r .' ,.' ''-.
It , 1,,;'r" !{...., :'Io ..
p \" s:;
n nfl 4aCT-
HHoro nl1u.a
nOnY4l1Tb
B03MO>KHOCTb
YCTpOl1Tb rna-
Al1aTOpCKl1e
l1rpbl (munus)
03Ha4ano
nonY4l1Tb no-
nynflpHocTb
l1 npl13HaHl1e
co CTOpOHbl
CBOl1X corpa>KAaH.
nOrl14HO, 4TO 38umop 6bln
3al1HTepeCOBaH YBeKO-
Be4l1Tb 3TO cnaBHoe Me-
pon pl1f1Tl1e B naMfiTH l1 Kax,
KOTopble CBl1AeTenbCTBO-
Banl1 6bl 0 ero Benl1KOAY-
W l1l1 l1 HanOM l1 Han l1 0 ero
.MAGERI
SPIT't AP-jt.'
APY3bflX l1 CTOpOHHl1Kax.
OAl1H l13 HeMHOrl1X TaKl1X
naMflTHl1KOB - M03al1Ka
Marepl1yca,38umopo
III B., KOTopafl HaXOAl1TCfI
B AOMe Marepl1yca B (Ml1-
paTe (u.eHTpan bHafi 4aCTb
TYHl1Ca), BOCXBanfieT ero
caMoro l1 l1rpbl, l1M YCT-
poeHHble. Ha M03al14HO
naHenl1 04eHb nOAP06HO
npeACTaBneHa cu.eHa
TpaBnl1 Al1Kl1X >Kl1BOTHbIX,
Bl1AHbl 4eTbipe BeHomopo
l13 WKonbl Telegenii, cpa-
.. ....... '
,S'/lN"YwO}1
'S ANIJ.\I3WVW
'"
SI\Ull\x!\i '-
, .. ""
t, . ,BL'Jt'IV,
Vl,ct<?R \. ,'1'
>KaJOl1XCfI C 4eTblpbMfI
neonapAaMl1. B u.eHTpe
KOMn03l1u.l1l1 - cnyra
(c Anl1HHbIMl1 BOnOCaMl1)
Aep>Kl1T 60nbWO nOAHOC
C 4eTblpbMfI MeW04KaMl1,
B Ka>KAOM l13 KOTOpblX no
1000 cecTepu.l1. Anl1HHafi
HaAnl1Cb, 4l1TaeMafi KaK
KOMl1KC, KOMMeHTl1pyeT
cu.eHY: «4epe3 rnawaTafi
3aflBnflJO 0 C06bITl1l1, roc-
nOAa MOl1, 4T06bl npeAcTa-
Bl1Tenl1 WKonbl Telegenii
nonY4l1nl1 B03Harpa>KAe-
Hl1e 3a Bawy 6narocKnoH-
HOCTb, AaTe l1M B3aMeH
3a oAHoro neonapAa 500
MOHeT». 3Ta cppa3a l13 Pl1-
TyanbHoro 06paeHl1f1, KaK
Mbl AOn>KHbl npeAcTaBnflTb,
6blna 3a4l1TaHa Ha apeHe
l1, B03MO>KHO, HaMeKaeT Ha
B03Harpa>KAe-
Hl1e OXOTHl1KaM
3a l1X BblcTyn-
neHl1e. Ho ee
l1HTepeCHee
npOAOn>KeHl1e
HaAnl1Cl1, KOTO-
pafl nepeHOCl1T
Hac B >Kl1 BYJO
aTMoccpepy ne-
RI5PINVS ,H'LAA1NV
penonHeHHoro
aMcpl1TeaTpa:
«npl1BeTCTBeHHble Kpl1Kl1:
TBO n pl1 Mep - 06pa3eu.
Anfl 6YAYl1X YCTpOl1Tene
rnaAl1aTOpCKl1X l1rp. (Tonb-
KO, CKonbKO Tbl 3annaTl1n
3a 3TO 3penl1e, TonbKO yc-
TpOl1Tenl1 AaBHo yweAWl1X
BpeMeH nnaTl1nl1. ( KaKl1-
Ml1 l1HbIMl1 rnaAl1aTOpCKl1-
Ml1 l1rpaMl1 MorYT cpaB-
Hl1TbCfI 3Tl1?! Aa l1 KorAa
3TO 6blno?! YCTpO l1rpbl,
KaK 3TO AenaJOT KBecTopbl,
YCTpO: 3TO 6YAeT TBO
AeHb - Marepl1 nna-
Tl1! - [cneAYJOT B03rnaCbl].
BOT 4TO 3Ha4l1T - 6blTb
60raTbi M! DblTb 60ra-
TblM - 3Ha4l1T 6blTb BceMO-
rYl1M. Y>Ke H04b: nycTb
TBOl1 BeHOmOpbll13 WKonbl
Telegenii yAYT C TBOl1X l1rp
C B03Harpa>KAeHl1eM».
ol '
"\
....,J1:I3!)YW
"" .
f.
l
W
"11'
-
85
.
I' ,
CnpaRa. r 7flllfl. n Jlfl.,Jlllfld-
l{1I C 1I.106pfl)/{fHlIf. Jt O/fIlM 2]1(/-
rJlI(/1II0p{,hOIO (P(/)/({'lIltJl; 60fl/
OlfflflIllO../lhKO 1111/() 6pOl'lCI_Jlf l l
Hfl 3eAUllO 83Hrl1{ O!nJ{{l3{{ om
lIPOrJOJI,H(fHltJl {p(f)/((Hlt.fl. (llf-
1I (/110, A pX('O.'lOllt II('('/I'/( Ii. JlJ'3n'j)
BHH3Y. .Ll.Jf!Jjltlllfll1/lp 8 KlI-
11)'(' - ('(I,MO(' 60./lh/{{()f OllpO-
fHue 1l0do6H020 'Illllllfl 1l0C./le
I{O'l1l3fJl
-
86
B H rpax,
.........""".. 10
YCTpaHBae-
" MbIX COrJIaCHO
CII paBCp,JII1 I30C-
" 'I'M M 3aKOIIY, 3a
t. '
\ YTpe II He i:1
. 4 3pC-
f. , '
\ JI 11 Il II 0 I TpaB-
\
f JIeM 3BepeM, BO
, ,
, . '"
, ,....
.
...
, .
. .,
t
. ,
,\ .
."
.J
.. I-
"'.
..
" . :..:' BpeM.H 1l0JIY-
p,eHHoro nepe-
pbIBa, CJIep,OBaJIH CMepTHbIe Ka3Hll; 3a1'eM BbIc1'yn-
JIeHI1.H-HMI11'aI1H Cpa./KeHI1H 11 aKp06aTHyeCKI1e
BblcTynJICHI15I lllYTOB-na5Il\eB. I Ipl1Bep,eHl1e B I1cnOJI-
Helll1e CMepTHLIX IIpl1l'OBOpOB B 3'1'01' lIepepLIB, Me)l{-
p,y P,UYM.H rJIaBHblMM 3peJIl1llaMI1, TO)Ke He 6bIJIO JII1-
rneHO OpHrl1l1aJlbHOCTI1 11 3peJII1HOCTI1 1-1 Ot.leHb
pa3BJIeKaJIO ny6JIHKY. Hanpl1Mep, IIplIfOBopeHHble
K CMepTII I1CnOJIb30BaJIHCb lI,JI5I RocnpOH3Be/l.eHH.fI
«no- HaCTO.fllleMY, R3aIIpaBp,y» H HTepeCII bIX, '-1ane
Bcero MHcpOJIOrHt.leCKHX 3nH30p,OB. 3anl1cI1 Map-
IJ,l1aJIa - IJ,eHHetIlIlHHI1C1'Ol.JHI1K 3THX CBI1/1e1'eJIbC1'B.
U,HIII1Y.HO-HPOHI1YHO OIIHCblBaeT OH 3TH cu.eHIJ'-1eC-
KHe nOC1'aHOBKI1, I1HOH pa3 Tpe60BaBIIlHe orpOMHbIX
pacxop,ou H npI1BJ1ey.eHI1.H MHorO l lI1CJIeHIlOrO llepco-
HaJUl. IIallpl1Mep, 130 upeM.H of-\Hoi1113 TaKHX «Cl\CI'I»
Bc.n apella KOJIlI3e.H IIpco6pa3HJlaCb 13 11/HJIJIHlICCKI11
,.
-
..
.
.
.
i .. .. .
, ".,' . '.'( :('-:; 'C -"t-' i ' :' , : , '; , ": , } , : , : , . : , :'- ,o, : , .:"
'\. 'I' .:"? ,"'. ,, - r -, - ,'a..
_ !t... _ _ 1..
'.. .- :}.... >':, :: '. . _ \ :s .- : :' l: '"/ ;;; ' "j.'
''!1'
-
'.
npOfPAMMA V1fP
JIec, MeCTO npe6bIBaHI1.H Ml1cpOJIOl'I1'-1eCKOrO Opcpe.H,
OnJIaKI1BalOllerO CMepTb 3BPI1jJ;I1KI1. 110, B OTJII1Ql1e
0'1' MlIcpa, npl1rOBOpCHHOMY HC YjJ;aJIOCb YCMl1pl1Tb
XI1HI1KOB CBOHM lICIIIteM 11 KO Bcc061IeMY BCCe-
JIblO OH ObIJI paC'rep3aH MCBe/CM (I\lapqllaJ1. KHlIZa
3peJlllIl/, 24). A lior 113BCCTlIbIM pa360ihu1K JIaYPCOJIO
OblJI BbIHY)Kp,eIl CbIrpaTL pOJIb OpOMCTC.H.
Ero "pJIR.H3aJIIf qen.HMI1 K KPCCTY, r1l,e OIl TaK-
)J{e ObIJI paCTep3aH MelBe/leM (I\lapql1aJI. KlIlt2f13pr-
Jlltlt!, 9). Oc060 6bIJIa BOCnpIlH.HTa 11 Cu;eHl1LJeCKa.H
nOCTaHOBKa Ml1cpa 0 Oacl1cpae (KoTOpa.H OT Kpl1TC-
....
-
I( .. I
41
..
1..1 "'.
l \
!\: '... - 1 . \ .
.
, ., ]
," '\' 0;, . 'j 1 ' 1
\ ... y
' c ,
,
\ .,
, .
t\' Ii - - -
. A'
I
--.j<'"
.", . """., -- -" .
.. .. < -4.' "),,,,':
." ,.I!"'" ":..;"-:-..-..............: '
,r' ,.. . . ":.. ...'-co _
...... """':.:.. * ." "I',)
Koro 6bIKa pOlHJla I\II1HoTaBpa). 3Ta cu;eHKa Me)KY
«BbIMbIWJICHHOth) OacHcpacii 11 6blKaM11 pa3blrpbI-
BaJIaCb TalOKC IIpl1 Tl1Te (MapIlIaJI. KlIlIza 3prJ/llllf, 6)
11 IIepoHe. bbIJIH II cqeHbI, BOCnp0I13B01l,I1BIIII1C pe-
aJIbHLIe HCTOpl1'-1eCKHe cpaKThI. J Ianpl1Mep, OCY)K-
p,eHHbIi1, BbIHY)K1l,eIlHhIiI nOBTOpl1Tb nOlBl1r lVIyql1.H
CqeBOJIbI., OUYCTI1JI B OI'OHb CBOIO PYKY (lVIapU;l1aJI.
KHlIza 3p{711Uf, 30). lcpTYJIJIl1aH, CB.HeHHOCJIY)KH-
TeJIb, )KI1BWI1H Ha Py6c)f(e 11 H II [ BB., COOOLIaeT
HaM 11 0 p.Pyrl1x 0plIl'I1HaJlbIlhIX Ka3ILHX, II pO Be-
l-CllIIbIX 110 MOTIIBaM Ml1cpOJIOl'I1QeCKI1X CKa3aIlIlI1.
IIallpH\1cp, OCKOIIJlelll1C ATTl1ca, MYKII VIKclioHa,
IIpHB.H3aIlHOro K Orl-leI-lHoMY KOJlecy, CO)lOKeIIHe Ha
KocTpe fepaKJIa Ha rope 3Ta. Boo611e-To CO)IOKeHl1e
3a)KI1BO 6bIJIO pacnpocTpaHelIHbIM BI1jJ;OM Ka3HH,
RII1I3y./(J/(.-JI. ,.'(J/((1Jo. u.
n nppIP'lecKIlii Tallcq (ma-
Ifnf (' Ollff.iY,t). ('-laollll{{JlIiOJI-
.:Ir'h'I{/lJ/). IloIOJ/I{(JIIIIr'djJNU/('lO
11 't jJ jJ II 'lfJ ('It" 0 I 0 111 (1I1l{ a 11 OOI! 0 -
JlllI{() 1I0{{{.J/Ut.i70('b eo ejJr.uJI
I!jJO(/(Jr)f'1/ IIJII.'lflr)lt(IIIlOjH'h'lt.\
ltlp (1IlIlI/I J lYt). 1l0('A'(Llb1(V
«1Il{{l/lfO jJa. JIll» 6b1,;1l1 If II Kill 0
ltl/Oli, h-rlh'lIjJIIIO(jopnlllb{(J
I{ r:JffJjJlIlIt, I/lI(,/t,lM'lIlr{{Jl/lIl1JI
Ollrplllb O()JJ{rJfHlfUX nprepo-
lIf(UI(/l'h (j JJ/(O{'HOf 3jJfJ71lllfr
-
"
"
-
87
"'
BHI13Y. J/o)'pnlr lJl.M{l '/'aOf-
JUI (1836-1912). [hlppPICC-
ludi TaHCI (/869)
'\ :#: '
\
-
88
ero I1blTa11MCh pa3Hoo6pa311Tb 11 ClelIarb llC 00-
lIee 3cpcpeKTIIh1M. KaK CBI1jJ;CTClIbCTBYIOT JII1TCpa-
TypIlhle IIaM.HTIII1KI1 11 :-JanI1CI1, fIpC,l].aIOIII1CC.H orHIO
CMepTIII1KI1 BCer/l,a 61>11111 O(l,eTbl B CT011b pOCKOlIlHhle
O,.TJ,eJlIII1.H, nOJIHOCThIO npOIlI1TaIIIIhlMI1 HeBocnlIaMe-
H.HIOIIeHC.H )K11,l].KOCTblO (qTOObI npo;J;JII1Tb rOpeHl1e),
qTO l\;1apU;l1alI C npl1cyeH eMY I1pOHI1ei1 Ha3BalI
I1X 0;,1e)l{p,bI «Ha30MlII1BbIMI1 TYHI1KaMI1». Ilec4acT-
HbIe, OXBa4eHHble 1I1IaMeHeM, no; 3BYKI1 MY3bIKI1 TaK
113BI1BaJII1Cb, 4:1'0 31'0 1I0XO,],111I0 Ha BecelIYIO napo-
,l].IIIO TaHu.a pJ'rri{ha CD,peUlIl1H TaHeu. BOMHbI), XOTJI
01111 HC ObI]] II I1CKYCIlLIMI1 HCIlOJIIlI1TCJI.HMII Tallu.eB
C Ol'HCM.
'J
; "jf . '\ il,:t.
. . .. "" ....
. '
.t"'
...,,;
frf ' \'!\ :f.' ; " , \
"""-"'-... 1;' \. f
. . -'. ' I ! r "':' '
", .,--' '1 '. ", . -....'"--; -.
.... ,.\ '!\ _..:;J ............if
. I " 'I ,\ .
. .'
j ..... -'"
... .' f
" ' t
.' , " l
.'
t S
, ...:
"
.
. ,"\ .
\r
'. \ I
" .....f' ,io. i .
! P:' . , 'I I''',
1.1 . !iI.
;ffl I , (
\,.
..1
..c....,,_
......'
"rf-"- 'jJ.. .' , '!!f
I,
"
...,
. .;.
CpIDKeHI1l1 rJIaAI1aTOpOB
}II HaKoHeu., Hacynallo noclIenolIY,l].eHHOe BpeM.H -
BpeM.H npOBe,l].eHI1.H 3aKJII0411TelIbHoM 4aCTI1 3pelIl111:
l'JIa,LJ,l1aTopcKlIe Cpa)f{elII1J1. napHbI Cpa)KelII1J1M,
01.IHb pep,Ko Cpa)l{CHI1JIM HCCKOlIbKI1X rpyn II, II PC,LJ,-
IUCCTB0133JI pJ;ITyaJI, COI:TlaCIIO 3aKoIIY 0 COCT.H31III1.HX,
4CTKO IIpOIIMC3IIIIOMY 11 IIpI1II.HTOMY eLIc 130 BpcMcHa
AHrycTa. OOKa 110 06bIKlloBeHI11O rOTOBl1lIl1 11IICTPY-
MeHThi HaKa3aHH.H /l,1I.H rlIa/l,l1aTOpOB Ha ClI)Tl.-IaM I1X
n POfPAM MA III fP
OTKa3a 0'1' Cpa)KCIIH,H: KHYTbl, p03rlI, pa3BO-
)I1JIH OI'OHb, 3pI1TCJI,HM IIOKa3bIBaJIl1 0pY-
)I(He 11 jOCIICXI1. B 3'1'0'1' IICpI10;:I, 3peJII1a,
na3blBaeMOrO nOlrOr013KOI':1 I1JII1 pa3MHII-
KOrl, rJI3/l.H3TOphl pa30rpeBaJIHCb, I1MI1TH-
PYJI aT3KI1 Me)J(Y COOOi1 H eMOHCTpHPYJI
npHeMbl 3aIII1ThI. I [OTOM .'Jdlt1JlOp nOaBaJI
CI1rHaJI HaLJaJIa cpa)J{eHI1i1. Cpa)J{eHI1e
MOrJIO I1peYCMaTpI1BaTb B03MO)J{HOCTb
I106e)KeHHOMY I1pOCI1Tb I10MI1JIOBaHl1e
JII160 Cpa)KaTbC.H O IlOCJIeHerO B3O-
xa. BIIpOLJeM, Cpa)KeIll1e O I10CJICjJ;HCH
KaUJl11 Kp013H :3a1(01l ABrYCTa 3allpCIIaJI.
f Ia IIpOTfDKeHHI1 Rcero Cpa)KeIlH.H 3a 601':1-
.
COMHMTEnbHblM CMblcn >KECTA
'
] ,
CJIeBa. Orlllplif lWIIMI1I3 c,7{{-
dllfl1/l0pOalX 1i03apAl lIo,/}fllfu.
(J f{,(IIIO.1 b, //tIlJ /fOIl{/J] MI M Ii
(/pxn).70?lflf((I{I(/i .rtJ'.1{'l'j)
BH H3Y. )()/{.-JI. /()J(epo.M.
Poll ice verso. .L\.O.101l, 3/(/('-
./10, 1872. ((]Jflllfl{(', illJ'3fli
U{'A)'{'OIl8)
«Pollice verso»
..
, I
-."
\-. '8.,
.. rl
0
...
. 2:.
'"
... ......
"i- n
0
r+
; ',':3: ...
AI
'"
I" t-l I r+
0
- -
'
)f '
'. .
!" , '. I
., - .
'- .....'
, .. \.. ..
\\
, ('
"/\ '
'. .
...:.......
.;;...--
( pe A it1 YKopeHit1BWit1XCH
COBpeMeHHblX npeACTaB-
neHit1 0 rnaAit1aTOpCKit1X it1r-
pax B ApeBHeM Pit1Me caMblM
4aCTO 4it1Tit1pyeMbIM OCTaeTCH
>KeCT «poLlice verso», >KeCT
C nOBepHYTblM nanb4eM
BHit13, KOTOpblM ny6nit1Ka
nOATBep>KAana CMepTHbl
npit1rOBOp no6e>KAeHHOMY
rnaAit1aTOpy. B AeCTBit1-
TenbHOCTit1 CnO>KHO CKa3aTb,
KorAa 3TOT >KeCT nOHBit1n-
CH, CTan o6enpit1HHTbIM
it1 KaKit1M OH 6bln Ha caMOM
Aene. EAit1HCTBeHHoe
CBit1AeTenbCTBO 0 HeM Mbl
HaXOAit1M y K)BeHana, KO-
TOpbl B OAHO it13 CBOit1X
CaTit1p (III, 36-37) Onit1Cbl-
BaeT, KaK 4epHb >KeCTOM
«poLlice verso» (AocnoBHo
«c nOBepHYTblM 60nbWit1M
nanb4eM») npit1rOBapit1BaeT
K CMepTit1 rnaAit1aTopa. na-
Tit1HCKit1 060POT pe4it1 He
KOHKpeTit13it1pyeT,noBep-
HYT nit1 6onbwo nane4
PYKit1 BHit13 it1nit1 BBepx,
HeKoTopble >Ke aBTopbl
YTBep>KAaJOT Aa>Ke, 4TO OH
AOn>KeH 6bITb nOBepHYT
BBepx.
-
89
r ?\
.:-.t ", I \ , .
I
, l
t' )
1}
. I '
..{
,
. }-
I
$'
1\
.........)..
i '
-'. .,
I "'P'"
" ,.Ch..
t ,
r
:t
1 i
!..
'\.
" .......
BBepxy. PeJll£!p {' cJ/{ldll{/-
III () P OAI-I/ 0 Of' rJ 11111 f'./f(J_U, ())Ir ll-
dfll()/{{flO 8{'prhtA'lll. n03rJHIIli
pn"ll),if.mth'flll{'h'/{li f/epllod.
(J)'f)" '1011 b1l, J }'II lIlt II /lfl./! hll hili
opx{'o.'I Ollt ' I[7('h'l1l1 . JfJ'3eii)
B1I1I3Y. Cllleh-Jl1Ilt/lb{{J {'O-
fJl,hl Pfl311h1X 067Jf J AIO{1 rJ..'lJl
Ofl_lb30.J100, 1I3 KOll(lf/{{HI{hl,
PYA! ht II IIJi.
( f{oll(lJl(lItlf{{.
Ilal{/(OHfl./lh-
HUit 31)'3ni /({'-
JIlOpllll II ajJ-
XfJO.701111t)
QaMI1 Ha611101-I.a1l11 }J;Ba ap-
61-'11'pa, 06bIYHO 113 6bIBWHX
r.JIaf-J.HaTOpOB, I Ie 13bIcTynaB-
WHX 60JlhlUe 13 COCTJI3aJIH,HX.
Ap6lrrpOB Ha3bJBaJJll «rJIaB-
HbIM )KeUI» H «BTOpOi:1 )Ke:UI»
(ll.OCJIOBHO: IIaJIKa), 01' Ha3Ba-
.I'
(-
\!i
J r""'"
I
(
. ). '
,
J .
..
,
.?)
. '::;.I.
HHJI lepeB5IHHOH na1lKH f-J.JI5I
rJIa}J;lIa1'opCKHX Yflpa)KHe-
HHH. B 065I3aHHOC1'b ap6l11'-
pa BXO}J;HJIO Ha6JIlOf].eHl1e 3a
Be1-l.ellHeM 60.H no I1paBI1JIaM,
06hHBJICHHe lIaY3. Cpa)KCHHe
flpCpbIBaJIOCb, eCJIH KTO-TO 113
coneplIHKOB CJIyqailIIO Tep5IJI
t.IaCTb }J;ocflexOB H1IH eCJII1 60lI 3aTHrHBa1lCJI H nY)KHO
6bIJ10 }J;a1'b nepe;\bIIuKY rJIa}J;Ha1'opaM BhIflH1'h BOlI.bJ
H1I11 06paTH1'bC5I K CBOlIM apeHHbIM MaCCa)KHCTaM.
no npaBH1Ia:\1, Ca\;10e KpOBOnp01lH1'HOe 1-11111 O)KHlI.ae-
Moe Cpa)KeHl1e 3aBepWa1l0 "eHb 3pe1lH (CBeTOHl1H.
)f{U3Hh oefHtlOljtlJJlll 1 (e3apeii: BUlllfJl..llUU, 8, 12).
JIlO60il 1I3 f-J.BYX Cpa)KaBWHXCJI Mor I10IlpOCHTb
I1pCpBaTb Cpa)KeI-lHe, eCJIlI 6blJI paHeH HJIH 06po-
III1JI opY)KHe. ECJII1 60eLJ. OCO3HaBaJI IIpCI1MYW.CCT130
....j
COIICpIl HIG1, 01-1 MOl' 3aIlpo-
CHTb nOJIaAbI. B 8THX C1IY-
ya,HX r1lal1,Ha1'Op }J;01l)KeH
6bl1l JI.eHC1'BOBa1'b COr1laCHO
CTaH1-I.apTHOMY flOBef-J. eHHIO ,
113BeCTHOMY no MHOrOQHC-
JIeHHblM H306pa.iKeHH.HM:
MOl' 1I0JJ.H.H1'b YKa3aTeJIbHbIi.i
UaJIcq JleBOll PYKH, 13CTaTb
Ha K01leHH, OT6pOCl1Tb llHT,
fIOBCPHYTb Meq OC1'pl1eM
BHH3. 3TH }J;eilcTBH5I 03Ha-
..-;-'-
-
90
npOfPAMMA V1fP
yalIH aBTO1aTI1YeCKI1 OCTaHOBI-ITb CXBaTKY, a ap6l1T-
PY HalIe)KaJlO OQeHI1Tb I1X IIpaBOMepHOCTb B COOT-
lle'TCTllHI1 C 3aKOHaMH apCHbI. I Ia OHoi11I3 \103a11K
31IHTCHa 11306pa)KCH 1-I.paMaTHYl:CKI1M MOMl:H f, KOl)J;a
ap6I1Tp CHJIoii Y1-I.Cp)KIIBaCT PYKY BCal\IIHKa, 3a6bIB-
lnero B IIhlJIY Cpl)KeIHUl 0 IIpaBH1Iax, 11 rOTOBOI'O Y)KC
l1,06I1Tb nOBep)KeHHOro IIa 3eMlIIO npOTIIBIIHKa. 00-
l1,06HOe 1-I.eICTBI1C 6bIJIO HenpI1eMJIeMO HI-I B KOCM
KorAA MUNUS nPEBPAIltAETCH B AHEKAOT
BIIII:Y. f{(/djJ II (/!fillltlfl
{/, Jlepll K(/ Homzo !fi11J1 h. Jt{l
. \1I:pOKJI II lIcn (1953) jJe-
.Jf(II('(fjJOfl rl(J(I}/fjJfl 3jJrh'lil/e
(/905-1986) II HllKo. 7(/((1 PeJi
(19/1-1979)
(Ka3Ka 06 AHAPOKJle JlbSe
"
\.
,
.....
i11t..\
ro Telepress - Roma (2)
r eJlJU1 (5, 14) 3JlaH
(Pa3Hble CTOp, VII,
48), nCaTeJl KOHLta II B.,
paCCKa3bIBaJOT OAHY 3a-
6aBHYJO CTOpJO, CTaBWYJO
CBAeTeJlbCTBOM HenpeA-
cKa3yeMoro nOBeAeHfl
>KBOTHbIX BO BpeMfl TpaB-
Jl CnOJlHeHfl nprOBO-
pa nYTeM OTAa4 Ha paCTep-
3aHe AKM 3BepflM. lI1CTO-
pfl TaKOBa. AHAPOKJl 6blJl
pa60M OAHOrO >KeCTOKOrO
acppKaHCKOrO npOKOHCYJla.
(naCaflCb OT HaKa3aHfl,
OH 6e>KaJl B nYCTbIHJO,
v -[]
, . t\;f
i'"
I:. '" ..
, "4'
\, '
I "J
;..
rAe BCTpeTJl
JlbBa, KOTOpbl
3aH03Jl Jlany
CTpaAaJl OT
CJl bH blX 60Jle.
AHAPOKJl Ha-
6paJlCfl MY>KeC-
TBa BbITaL4Jl
ry 3aH03Y, 3a 4TO
3aCJlY>KJl AOBe-
pe APY>K6y
XL4Horo >KBOT-
Horo. Ho cnYCTfl
HeKOTopoe BpeMfl
AHAPOKJla CXBaT-
Jl COJlAaTbl, 3a
ero npecrynJleHe,
n06er OT X03flHa,
OH 6blJl npro-
BopeH K CMep-
T OTAaH Ha paCTep3aHe
AKM 3BepflM. Ka3Hb
AOJl>KHa 6blJla COCTOflTbCfl BO
BpeMfl rnaAaTopCKX rp,
opraH30BaHHblX ABrYCTOM
B 60JlbWOM LtpKe B PMe.
"'
'\
1 ANDR
EILONE
no BeJleHJO CJlY4afl AHA-
pOKJl OKa3aJlCfl nepeA KorAa-
TO BblJle4eHHbiM M JlbBOM,
JleB He TOJlbKO nOL4aAJl
ero, HO 3aL4L4aJl OT Hana-
AeHfl APyrx >KBOTHbIX.
ny6JlKa, 3YMJleHHafl no-
A06HbiM nOBeAeHeM, nOA-
HflJla WYM, Ha4aJla ponTaTb
3aAaBaTbcfl Bon-
pOCOM KaK >Ke TaK
n04eMY. TorAa
caM MnepaTop
Bbl3BaJl oCY>KAeH-
Horo nOBeJleJl
"u
paCCKa3aTb eMY
ero CTOpJO. Tpo-
raTeJlbHafl CTOpfl
npMepa APY>K6bl
TaK B3BOJlHOBaJla
MnepaTopa, 4TO OH He TOJlb-
KO OCB060AJl nOMJlOBaJl
AHAPOKJla, HO OTAaJl eMY
B Aap JlbBa, oCB060AB 060-
x OT >KeCTOKO CMepT Ha
apeHe.
'...
-
91
CnpaBa. rO.:'/f?py(. rpafllOpa,
XVllf 8. (lfeoJloJ7b,IIO'lU-
olla.'/ hll blli a pXNJ,ll O/It'/(J(/{ltli
Jf)'.1{Jli)
BIIII:Y. b'/o('J1l1 (ltl{f'pOlltl, I 8.
do II. .J. (Pit. J/, .1}I.1ni Pit. J/n.'Oli
1/ II flll3 lI.1a111l1t)
,/
. ' ,,- ". . it. '. \ t , \.
I, \....- ... ,u. '-"
"\3.... _ _--==-_
, ,I
.
)
'-
\
-
92
CJIYI-IaC, nOCKOJIbKY 1I0C-
nCHCe CnOBO pCrnaTb
cyp,h6y 1I06e)KCIIIIOI'O
. .
I
ll
( \i' 1'1
, ,
'\
II pl1l1a/l,JIC)K3JIO yC'rpo-
I1TClIJO 11 rp, KOTOp hi f:I,
BnpOqeM, no 06bIKHOBe-
HHIO cnpalIIHBaJI MHeHI-'1e
ny6JIlIKI1. CalVlO )l{e cpa-
)!(eHl1e Bcerp,a I1pOXO,'J,I1- , i
no nOj]; MHorOTbICJlI-IHble
B03rJIaCbl 3pl1Teneii: «011
1l0Iltl./l, lIa JIIIOJJl pa3 1l0IlaJl»,
ecnl1 Yl\ap 6bln TOI-IHbIM; L
«Ef/I, H{/Iladaii, O'IHllf'h», -
I
1'i
..L.
.. . JtQ
\
Kpl1aJII1 Hepa,n;HBOMY I1JII1 paCCeJlHHOMY rJIal\HaTOpy;
«/(OOfli», - eCJIII Tpe6oBalB1 CMepTII nponrpaBIIle-
MY, HJIH «llpOll{fH, nOJJ1llJ/06flH, f'606odfH», Korp,a
Tpe60BaJIH ero CnaCeHI1JI. ECJIH CJIeOBan CMep-
THbIl1 npHrOBOp, TO n06e)Kp,eHHbIH p,On)KeH 6bIJI
BCTa fb Ha KOJIeHI1 11 1I0CTaBHTb lIlelO nop;
yp;ap Meqa npOTHBHlIKa. I1MeHHo B
3'1'11 ceKYHJJ.bI UPOJIBJUIJII1Cb nce MY-
)KeCT130 11 caMo;lIcqllIlJllllla lIPOcpe-
ClIOllaJlhllhlX 60iiq013, IIpllI'1I1Ma13-
IlH1X CMepTb KaK /\aH 1I0CTL CBoeH
npocpCCI1H. a)Ke caMOJ\1Y U,Hqe-
POIlY ,n;OBeJIOCb He pa3 BOCXI1THThCJI
IIop,06HbIMI1 npOJIBJIeHI1JIMI1 caMOOT-
Bep)l{eHHOCTH 11 MY)KeCTBa rJIal\HaTOpOB
(1YChYJltlH, 2, 17, 41):
«llolJ;YMa:i1 Hap; TeM, nOI-IC:VIY Te, XOPOIUO Ha-
Tpellllp013aIlHhle, OTp,aIOT IIpC1I0I-ITeIB1e 1I0JIY"-II1Tb
CMepTcnbllblll yt\ap, a lIe YKJIOlIHThC.H 0'1' IICI'O 1I0-
30p1l0. bbIJIO JIll TaK, "-IT06bl /l,a)KC caMhIM CKpOMHbIH
rJIa[J;HaTOp CTeHall? CKOJIhKO 6e3MOJIBHOi1 3Kcnpec-
CHH? bbIJI JII1 OH B HenOBKOl\1 nOJIO:>KeHI1H no BpeMJI
-.\i
i' ...
" ,
"
'"
(,
, ,
nporPAMMA Ii1rp
Cpa)KeHI1JI 11 B MOMeHT IlOpa)KeHI1JI? Kro 113 HI1X XOTb
pa3 n06e)K<:HHbli1, nOHI1MaJI l'OJIOUY, B3/\pOrHYJI,
eCll11 6 hIli II 0 II \cl)I(C H?»
CTaTlICTl-p-IeCKI-'Ie 1I0CYeThl, CeJIaIIIIble IIa oc-
IIOnaHHl1 cBejJ;eHH11 IIarp06HhlX Hai1nHceM Ha a-
xopOHeHHJIX 1,]laHaTopoB, YMeplIll1x BIB. H. 3.,
aJI 1-'1 nOpa3HTeJI bHhIe pe3YJIbTaTbI, nOKa3aB, 1-1'1'0
nOrl16WHX BO BpeMJI Cpa)l{eHI1J1 6bIJIO Bcero 19 H3
200 H3BeCTHbIX CJIY'-IaeB. 3KCTparrOJIHpYJI 1-I.aHHble
H 0606li\aJI I1X, MO)KHO 6hl1l0 6bI npep,nOllO)KI1Tb, YTO
waHC BhDKlITb B Cpa)KeHHI1 BIB. H. 3. 6bl1l paBeH 9 K
1, 11 1..1'1'0 fIOMlIllOBaHHe 1I0 CYTII 6LIlIO IIpaBl1ll0M, He
l.JY)KbIM 11 3KOIlOMl11..leCKI1M 111ITepecaM, lIOCKOllbKY 3a
CMepTb rJIaHaTopa YCTpOHTellb ;:J.OJI)Kel-l 6bIlI 3anJIa-
TI1Tb TpcHepy-rllaBe lllKOJIbI 601lee RblCOKYIO qeIIY.
CMepTHOCTh B03paCJIa, nOXO)l{e, B I10CJIeYIOIIHe
BeKa, KOrjl;a CTallO npaKTIIKoii OBepJITb pelueHHe 0
cYb6e n06e)KeHHOro I106elHTelllO. BepOJITHO, Torp;a
11 BOlliJIH OI1JITh B MOY Cpa)KeHHJI do 1l0C.IledHeU Kan-
.Ill! KP06l!. B lIIo60J\;1 CJI)T'-Iae CTaTI1CTI111eCKHe aHHbIe
lIOKa3bIBaIOT, {{TO B cpeHeJ\;f I'JlaHaTOpbl Y1..IaCTBOBa-
JIH B Cpa)KeHlIJIX HC 60JIee Tpex pa3 13 rOA. 3'1'0 MO)KHO
06bJICIll1Tb lIcpClIaChllIeHHOCTblO pblHKa, KOI'Aa I:Jla-
\. l..:'" :;/ 'I,rg'i':,) ': 'r; , ,@ ..'
" " ' .. "\ ":'\..., " , .' If -....:.,., ,.' "
, \ "', :-",'.\,;:-" '.'" .:.... ":"0- '\. '"=' . ,.-....",;" .' I. " "
.' r : ':. '\ .., ........ '- . -... ........ ---. ,..... '::' \ ' I ,". . I
" ." ", " '_,.......... ='\. ,I
I. ",I (I ,:,,' .. . ',. 'p..... -4..11';' , ',__ .. \1.... " 1\'" i
, ' :t . . - ...-JL. --.tll..Jt.... - ' .' I'
, .J '., V'!'...... ,....--' ...'"' ttU4.".".._. -.. ", _ \ <'\ ,\
L ..' !!,' .......; :"y ...........-u1I'TT'a..'\')- -0;. .<;: , .". ", ' ) 't, \
! (. - ' . "" ..' 4'' '.'J...1tl'" '," , : . 'I
..e .., ....'\. oIt,..l."1,..,.... '\I.(;}\..-t.. ;" ,( .".. . .. __ .
';) _ . . .-:, '.;t-\{\(.)."oh ("'" .=<.-, ""'-I''':' '. ..., =:,,+., I
-'" "," ",.::""t;>"-\,.-.1' ., .,...,:1'.,;;-.'.,:)-....,. ",. ".,
j' ..::+..;i)::.:::;.:..; .;. >:.:. i
" "".., I,: \,' ...' , 'Ik !\\.1, 4'" I
.. ....- . ..., :r".'. . . . "''i:.i1'. .(. .." . ..:. t '.,1. .
,c, ':: '.', . . ,," \\" , . :, 1,;.hiI;:'"'I'" . \.
r' .i;;:Jj;2i:"'{'i,' " 'i, '.,,-;-' " i'>'r.. '-', ' ,:1 hf.jH'P { tl\"<-'n ',-
":;IJ..;-t. . :1}-S: J .),.,: : '..' '-':...,' 'l\i-!';::>\.\.'" '\', i:i' i":: rrl:..il 1' ..
,':"':., ,'J ' " .. "',. ,;', :-.!).!f'}... ' .,,.jt!,I;1ll!lf>..!;} ' :
t' , ,.:f. ",' -. \;j.,' . . ,\i-1'\. , ,bh:1' ...-i." '. "?1>i!{'I;.l: ,\
.. , : :S:.::.:";;,';::..:7::i.::::. .:' ':
, I), ,,,"" r ,.' J" \,_
... , ' 1< .'. .' - <' !..;' '..., , . . ,' "
BIIJ-ny. JI03flllh'fl r 1I.106pfl-
.J/fPlIlle.Jl2,/ladu{IIJ1op0'-OZO
fjJa.J/((JJltlJl. 1// (I., (ltl. 'ula iJ'arJ-
Kpeill{J{{/r, / "pJfflIlIlJl
-
93
CnpaBa. PII.Jf('!t'ltli IOpflJlhr[/i
(J 8. do H. 3.): nVHOZJ10r)1I-
tllJ/OPOWIO {paJ/(eHUi/. (AA'-
6117(1, Ilfll{1I0l/(I.,'/bl/h/li JtY3ni
urKJ'rOJl806./10(lllI1116PJ'I{II/l)
B1I113Y. I.'"tl/J/I/(J}/ OJlflll/})lI/-
J{OZJlOdllfl1JlOP(/ /1.1 nO.J111ni.
(HranOJlb, f{tlijllOI/OJlhHMH
apXflOJlOl1l1leOatii AfJ'3ni)
Ha c. 95. C/JpIYJ{{/ r 1l.106po-
J/((HlIt.M iJp(llm -J-tO/((JjI J/(U-
mtJ/J/. 'rUt Ilo.l'rtllni II I Ylf(1)[1l'.
(J!rono. 'lh, Hfll{1I0llflJlhHUii
apxrOJtOZlIlflYKltli -'lJ'3eti)
-
94
I'; .,
(l , "t ," ,Pi' f
1\: a
l-
i! .>: h-\,.- \ :.;) ,>..' -" .:: ' I _ 1 ' . ;, , ; , :.
:;" . . .. .." 't.'.1 I' , \ " . . .. '"" . J ' -.> " " ,;'
.' ! - " \ " ,'-, . ,1/ ' , , '," -"-. , . \ .' , ..
", 1 " " ' '. \, 1'.:.. J' " ';: h,'\' '(
" \\, . l' " ," " .\ ' , "" ' !' 'r' -f\'\;\l'
: "r t'. "\ \ I ,,:;-:1 '\' \.''', ' '..wU:i.'- "
I ." Ax. \ ')¥ (,' ;; . . ",''.:: ' : "_'" -:::" " \:" ';" :-; ,'
; . '\:, . ' " , . " .\" '. \ \ "',
. ,\ \', ", 't:,: .' , ': / .,,:A ::,'" \
", 'J"' '\t."". l..A, _ ;''''... ' ;,' '\ .,.' , ..".
.. \".. .... ','. \"1, YI"",,,,,,,:_ l' -.... -.. \. ........ 0:--
,,'.. :r- , : -:1;""" " , , J " . . , : :' , t ,
. .j,tf ,',.' ,
,
p,1-'1aTOpOB 6blJIO 60JIhWe, 4eM B03MO)J{HOCTeH YCTpa-
I1BaTh 60JlbWCe KOJI114eCTBO l1fp. )Jor114HO 11 TO, 41'0
4CM OIIhlTHCC 6blJI l'JIap,l1aTOp, TeM MeHbwe waHCOB
y HerO 6blJIO nOfn6IIYTL BO npel\UI Cpa)KCHI1JI. )JOB-
KO BJI a/\c Bill 11M 0pYjI01eM, Hap,eJIeIIIIhIM CMeJIOC fblO
11 O/l,ep)I(aBIIIl1tl MHOr0411CJIeHHble n06e/l,hI rJIa;ll1aTOP
063aBO/l,I1JICJI CBOI1MI1 nOKJIOHHl1KaMH H B cJIyqae no-
pa)J{eHI1J.1 Mor pacct.H'ITbIBaTb Ha rpynny nqlJI,ep)KKI1,
nOCKOJIbKY Te HI1KOrp,a He nOTpe60BaJIl1 6bI era CMep-
1'11. Kpo.\1e Toro, npl1 1I0p,60pe nap cpa)J{aBIIlI1XCJ.I
yql1TbInaJII1 He TOJIbKO Tl1n BOOPYlliCHI1J.1 H p,ocneXOB,
HO l1 011 biT yqacTBoBaBWI1X. flpa-
BHJlaMI1 3allpellaJIOCb 13bl-
CTaBJIJlTb 13CTcpaIla npOTl113
HOBH4Ka, XOTJ) 6b)JI)I H I1C-
KJIIOt.leHI1J.1. ,lI,Ba IIaCTeIIHbIX
rpacpI1TlI B nOMIIeJ.lX pac-
: ;[ , ' '\
?' I
! '
"', "
, :
,, \ y""
, '
" :"....
.; ",
J
.
1,:. ,
',j/"
',- " '\
'/. _. -('.'. \'w,:
, "
.. , 'tj
'1 I
.t 9 .. 'It .... \ .....
. :.(
;'': .'
, :'
' , ,
. '
',\
I'.
. - ...
, .t
,r'J
CKa3bIBalOT HaM 0 nO,lBHrax
MapK3 ATTI1JIbI, KOTOphIM,
Cpa)Ka.HCb B l'aJIJIbCKOM BO-
opY)KeHHH JtllPJlltJlJlOHa, 6y-
P,Y4l1 ,LI,C6IOTaHTOM, Cpa3HJICJI
C IIpO<pCCCl10HaJIOM 110 l1Me-
liB XHJIapyc, lICTblpHa;qaTH-
KpaTlIblM n06ep;I1TeJICM
11-J OTpJI/l,a JIYJH'IaIIqeB.
ATTl1]]a BbIHrpaJI cpa)J{e-
"
npOfPAMMA V1fP
HA BCE rOTOBbl PAAM CBOMX nlO6MMlfMKOB
6011 ell bL4lt1 Klt1 maAlt1arOpOB
";"J"t""'I'' l i' ,- " -', " -, -f(\"('/":f ":.' -' ', nt ... , ......., . . , ,
I ,. ." '. '..vor. ,-.....__, ,- .,' . "'l'._' ,y I Ii' ]
: .,:.' ' :" :--. ,,-yJi i '--\ >:.s!:.: . '. J(' h:; 'i" ., " ' " \\::\.. '
,,'2,.' r.! ' . .', _,<,:S!'i,:1'Ii.. " f.:,..""'-:.\>" {"'. ,\ j'111 tfl/.," !,,,
,:"p ." , '; ": 0 ,:.wf"lJ!!r,':.. :,:- " I'r:: ".'" I t.) 1. ....
'. .I ii. I j ", ,.,;'fA. :..:!':':'" :,!....,_" "........ l. I,': \ #-."... " ,j . "t.,.:.
1 " 1.t,., ,..... l' ;'-..-::..',' .-,,,.., I' -\.\ ..' ," 'r. .1''J.t;,,, 'l.. I
,... 'J'tl!' ;i' ... .".,. " (...""< f':",. I .. \ .....,,}... . ";,:";;" =-". ..; .'"
. """'--> .rh. ;,'..," '..'-<"ti..,, '.:, ""':'Yi(,' ,;;}-' )"r-'\...'-l-.;;'i:;;':j' '-;. '.:
r' ,\ 1 :....' _''i,r!t ::.-{r:-.'ii;. f \'1';"\ io.\,!": 'X ''::r::=-":'..I,J'?"" . I;',,( ,
,L.. . n "l\ , :,'.r '... .':::ll' ,. ' ,\:tr)'tI..,.-,..,:-.LI.9.,-:'.:..; '':,'-
. '"1 'I -- !.i ', ,..;;.\ "CA, !J.1:,"'.:." t..--
... ..1.... . '.. "', ".- '. ':f': .A " .< t ''f.' '. ',r ',.\c' t"'_'''',:,'_''':'>i'' ':"1':",.", .. ...
,.lt.. '( '.. :', : ',..:.1f,$, :,. . \,.: .", f'''?(' I:' r 'j:ttf1'il1F':';i: .,'
<:. ;":, ' , \:,I ::" ':-:', ;.;; .. '. :'>t\t: l ;\..'J.:);':":.:::.:
',"...... L I ':;'1";- rt1\;' ,",;'t,"' ;.-' j,,'" "t\':'1>'f:-.: .,,.( ..' ,
''-'-A.:: t-+:j _' '. :'. w;.'"';'-r\'I"' t ;." .'" ?.-.ffr-,.:-/.:..;';:F;"'.v:tfI, --
I':> .. '.::J.H,' ',.! ,':. '.. ; "; ..", '':. ,l';:}>H.' ).< <; <.:f J.,
.':F' ,'/1, , .J' \.:.- _' ,.'".-:." ""':.r./,;,t:,I!{;;".':':""v.;',
'l,?!' fJJ f .:'. '.' -.,. 'f" !'1' ,. 'f.'."'i"{" ..,l.;..V"::i".:""'"
>\:1:: ,\: ' 1 -' ,: .f" ',' .' '. <,." "', ".;j;: fl'(t;;t:!ij:
'. ,') .' I '-'. ,.."I,\ J; I ".'",,' , ;.:]"...,-".
'1.' '. )., 0 " , ---_ !f. 1.1{!... "..r. ,V ,.....'t-r:!:;!'1 \t::
. ,. ..,I ..... . . . 'j<I".;" f, ,g;., ';fI..;'" ".. ..,
:;j,'.i< : .};'::':-;'fE'; . I; ."f;'.:L",""')' .
:I ". 1'.J1;;...,,. ' d r,,' ;' f. ';r,ry.!;:,;, ;;:ff, :t ' '.. ...),,-..
-. ,,: . l -.... , fi ". ". :... .: ., ! " 1. r;"i...;..-l; . .:"'1.;"' J" ,_
. ':: ,;-' r:-., , _ ,, ,;." -:'-:---'v./ . '. , ..".'....: :.;J::'\,.'!' ',.k-:-' .'
4 """'f."'">f.'-',H' ...:..-.:'. .....':y-;...." ,.,:....,. .-.:
.....1rto- :,...f ...' .........,:- ...';\1 .. rJ...f.-;....... "'I.':'i." ,.."r . ..: ;.),_ -.'
"i"" :'t ..ofr:.'.. t'.l.,,:f. -j-..:.,, \\C:I-;:." ".',.-k};i\' 'i.,, '.
,'. .f.', J" "'t- I <xl4>." ;'.'. ':, .. \, ..P" 7i!-.":,\ 1," ,....
?t... :jif\!.t!;" '\q\.rr,,'_, :i.. t-o ....\.;,.:.:. ,?:''': .', ..t'...
.,(\. :. f ( ; "1.t 1 ,\f t '} . J '-., ," """-I t..t,.' .,_..." . -r;'.. {..:tr,
[ \ ,:,,;:. !?:,li :-&),/;'\.4 _' ":1;J .:-l ./,. ;.:r., ".,:,': '; f-,,.
H a60Jlee BbIAaJO-
eCfl rJlaAaTOpbl
6b1Jl npeAMeTOM caMoro
4TO H Ha eCTb cpeHO-
MeHaJlbHOrO 060>KaHfl,
X MeHa CTaHOBJlCb
3BeCTHbl AaJleKO 3a
npeAeJlaM V1Mnep.
OH MOrJlL1 paCC4Tb1BaTb
Ha TOJl n bl 060>KaTeJle-
nOKJlOHHKOB,rOTOBWX
nOT Ha Bce paA CBOX
KYMPOB, rpynnpoBK,
K KOTOpO npHaAJle>KaJl.
bOJleJl bll.\ K AeJl L1Jl Cb Ha
CTOpOHH L1 KOB cppaK CKittX
60UOB,BOOPY>KeHHWX
60JlbWM TaMitt, itt CTO-
pOHHKOB MpMJlJlOHOB,
BoopY>KeHHbiX MaJleHbKitt-
M ll.\TaM. (peA Apa4-
JlBO ny6JlK cpaHaT3M
AOXOAJl AO KpOBaBblX
nOTaCOBOK. V13BeCTeH
CJlY4a ApaK Me>KAY
>KTeJlflM nOMne Hy-
uep B aMcpTeaTpe nOM-
ne B 59 r. 06 3TOM HU-
AeHTe 3BeCTHO He TOJlbKO
3 CTOp TaUTa, HO no
HaAeHHO B nOMneflx
cppeCKe. ApaKa cpeA 3p-
TeJle nOJlY4Jla pe30HaHC
Ha rOCYAapCTBeHHOM
YPOBHe,nOTpe60BaJlOCb
BMeWaTeJlbCTBO pMCKoro
(eHaTa. He3aMeAJlTeJlbHO
6blJlitt cMeeHbl co CBOX
AOJl>KHOCTe AYYMBPbl
B MYHUittn nOMne,
KaMnaHCK aMcpTeaTp
6blJl 3aKpbIT Ha AecflTb JleT.
B03MO>KHO, 4TO 3Ta ApaKa,
BcnblxHYBwafl Me>KAY ABY-
Mfl rpynnpoBKaM, - pe-
3YJlbTaT AaBHero conepH-
4eCTBa Me>KAY ABYMfl co-
ceAcTBoBaBwM B AOJlHe
(apHO co06eCTBaMitt.
(onepH4eCTBa, KaK 6blBa-
eT ceroAHfl, nepepocwero
B HeHaBCTb npHflBwero
TaKe ypOAJlBble cpOpMbl
npOTBOCTOflHfl. HeAaBHO
npOBeAeHHble CCJleAO-
BaHfl,HanpMep,nOKa-
3blBaJOT 6blCTpbl nOA'beM
Hyuep B 57 r. pac-
wpeHe ee ropoAcKX
TeppTop B Yll.\ep6 nOM-
ne. 3anpeT, BBeAeHHbl
(eHaToM, AJlJlCfl, npaBAa,
He CTOJlb AOJlro. V13BecTHo,
4TO Y>Ke B 68 r. B nOMne-
CKOM aMcpTeaTpe onflTb
Ha4aJl npoBoATb rpbl.
B03MO>KHO, 4TO CHflTe 3a-
npeTa 6blJlO CBfl3aHO C pa3-
Pyw TeJl bHbl M 3eMJleTpfl-
ceHeM 62 r. 4TO MeHHO
3TO c06blTe nOATOJlKHYJlO
ceHaTopoB nOT Ha Kpa-
HJOJO CHCXOATeJlbHOCTb K
KOMMYHe, Y>Ke TaK CTOJlb
nocTpaAaBwe OT CTX-
Horo 6eAcTBfl.
-
95
CIIpaBa. (/JPfll.-JlflllJl OdHOIO
113 {P{/)!CfHllit. JI03flllKO III 8.,
3{l./1 hI 8llJ/JI hi {' }1t'jJlIOJlll.'/{J31
nlopodf l)'lOJl, rJpNUlfpll. Jlr-
/{OJI JWJ70HlIJI A)'lJ'(IJl{I-PO)'Plt-
A"a, fl/8etillapllJl
BHH3Y. 17IJHO,)f(l11l3 lIIJWJlhl
1_'ltldUtlJJlOp08 I. J fOAl/If'lI.
(H('{lJf{).1h, llfll{1I0J/t1J/hIlUli
apXfo.,'lOllillfoalli Jt)'3fll)
'-- .",
, , -
i. ..,:' .
' [; , ", \'
,- ., "'1.-
,I \ ,\ . } , t /
\,. -
\\ "" 1 ii$....'
,.
) "..r,-",\
, ., ri
, " i.;))
ji
l No, \
" '.\
to,>:, '
a\'.
,! " {(
"
r
, ")b\,
,)
\ :
\"
... .. ..
-
96
I =!:ti.' r:!; J;:. I';' .:'.'. :.1: ' ., ' I
lII..II.II..,..-.,,' . ': '.'- \ : ';,tr.:!II" ' : f.,,:r:rJ
,I11 . .1!.:.r... . ,, ;'}. . ':'. ,;. ,: it.'. f ' _ ': \ L:- '
· . iC.r;l.....-.:' ;f v- . . ....":Jt.., w '1" '" .\" .', i::
1 - . 1: .:. ,1 ;"'.I111.."t, " :.' '." i '. I ,.' ':.,'I :;."f . r .' . .i ."",' " \,
, ',.t,...,... .'", " T.,! ,-'
'.. ,......:., l\,'..:n....',: -'t..\.. ....:,'. I ",:: l: : ,1\ . ' . t
d b! .'_""!"'..4'(!"'{'.' " '.,... " 'tIJIf " "
.. \7" .....:.\ .Jiq;f'.\ ..,. ., . .. ,.... Of.;:,:,?- . ...
.l fI ..t:...... " ,}r:;; .'....'., f..t ". , 1-(2!""' ,.: .' .", '
._, ,'t..... '>;.<\:<A.'... f/. $i:. 1.:':''?"! ?J::,.' , ': 1
''!I II , """, ", . . 'I" . 0 ," w '"r.cm' : '.4: ',,' 'l ';:r l: '
r. .. '# " .. .," "':" :;:',r" 1IV'\'.. ! , 0_.
..:: ' -', '-c..;)o" \L II .: .(;./1,' .....,, :1.,,', /..J ...', .
, , ' ;,: .....,'. 'f. ..., '\A-_ ;. ' ,1")04 . :....t'...)..'. ..":&'' "',,, '....' .' ·
" , ',' 'w,'-;,. ')- I '". .,','I\""! , f...,. .I..., ....'.f...-
";,. ",' 'ti' ."\' .:,.1,,:' " ", ' " ','" t) ',- ':':, >:'1 .:..... J
z;z .. ,...., " , .,,"''':..., if b . '4 . .. '-'1
,..".\'..' If :'')"" ,\I "\.. ,....." t., .Q-,..'\.,' ;
,4. .., .... , .. ?. - \. .. . . !- ,,', JJo, "'. ;ilt '. n I ..: .'.'.., ?E ',..-; ,
I ... " :;:'1:-0 1\1 . " " "". · ",' '(. ,-'", 'II,! ''':,' 'fJI I-,." .
.... 'f'- I',' '. ....., · , "" .. f" " '\!,'. J ' ,\...Jo. ',',:>,\ -
I 1 . . '01 \' r. '. ' . ,.... i: . ;" r,t ..', .' if:JZ '.... J ,.. "
, J" , 1. '" . ,If' lr '" -4 ,f "\' ,,, - t..,.
..J.,_.i: ":;'\'>:- Jp.: : e r ': \. ':.,..' :r 1 M . " I ; ': r,;"."';';': iJ ! ,.' .';. r '' '.:1.
-'r-....;....' ,. ......,11":,1<',,.. " .. . ',..... r.,,', ","',_.,
" ,"'" ., ,"" " . . -'4.. ,-'t ' ...- t
I , , 1'1 ,' (' 't\'" ,,',t', , ," ,0 j1o -' .\ 1.\. t '''''0\10\ U'
.,1"".1' t : "-!t,,' t.: ,,\ \ . "..._'-.j"7: ;t..\t\i:'l,, ',," ......
.. ' r . \.. I 't'. . J. 1....- 1. ..' .f I' . W I
....,.: : 1 '" 'JI', ',. ':.. . / -fh.. 1', . , . 'lfl ':1\ 1,.'rll,"-.": Q', .
C - . . 'h 'I 'J,., ;.. ., '.'.". t." iY "
_, ., " .'1"" 1.. . \ I ' , '', : j, ".l." .. ., . ':, ''''".:. I, .,;.'0 L ' r
r...-. -............" r J . . ,. .. 'I, .... . .,..... ,.
'IIIIIJ """ < -.' J . -", ,. ' " .",.
.; ',' " ,', I. .' C::' t' " : '.", '1' I .. . 'r' ',' · '. ),: '..'7 " ' "
'4 . -&....." '\. ,,' - ..'" ,'- l' I ."
. ,tf' A..", ,J. . ..' .: l i--", I ,' ", ' '. I' , ,
.f. . """ ..' '(' h"\, '.. I '. . -::, L ' " Wi! /.- '" .
"/(J'" "'!111 .r" .., ','- '.. . '".;?- '. i»-._ . "\"110'''
, "...1,' ' , .. ", .'... . ' - i '''', . \ ,'r, . .t.'f"
;"{:'" .'..'!t ., : ,\"' \;...:.> \.\i:..:f',;. " ,':':, :',,:
, .' -: 'of....." .. , t' :', . :t l " '" r . " . ' '..'. '1.;-"",: ,
" : ,." -";,.,, -' '¥r .,. ','..... ...... . I. ; V 'I. .
t". : ' "1..'.' - ., , ,S.. "', J.. , '.... \ j( , '4,' /, 0 '
"'" ' , , ,.......' .' t.. . A: ' , ,"- "'"
'. ',..:, \;'.. .,' " I,: L" '.. .:..' I ¥.:"..:.. ",',} . " . ':
,.. ',,_.--,-, I .!.-.L.- - __ It , --4 . \' ,:,tl
HHe 11 BbIHYHJI XHJIapyca npOCHTb nOabI. ATTHJIa,
TIOXO)Ke, 06JIa"n,aJI TIPHpOJ-l.HblM apOM, TIOCKOJIbKY, KaK
nOKa3bIBaeT ee O,lJ.Ha HaCTeHHaJ.l HanI1Cb, CIIYC-
TH HeKOTopoe BpeM,H OH cpa)KaJICJ.I 11 TI06eHJI JIyqo
PellO <DeJII1KCa, BeHaJ.l.qaTlIKpaTHoro n06eHTeJIJI,
II TOT npOCHJI IIoabl 1-'1 6blJI IIOMHJIOBaII.
BepIIeMCJI K OllHcaIIHIO THIll14110rO cpa-
)J(CHIHI. ECJIH n06e)J(1l.CIIHblii HC 1l0JIYlIaJI
nOMHJIOnaHI1J.1, TO I106eI1TeJIb !l;0611BaJI
i'...
::
, \', <..
, .,
--....."
'. . \ ' .
\,.\"
-
i ' ,
ero, H TeJIO YHOCHJIH Ha HOCHJIKaX C ape-
HbI B Mopr. CJI)T)KaU\I-H'1, oTBeTcTBeHHbIil
3a norpe6aJIbHbIti pHTyaJI, HaeBaJI, 110
cBeeHHJIM TepTYJIJIHaHa, MacKY XapOHa
I1JII1 IOIIHTepa. I 106ell1TeJIb )Ke 1I0,L],IlI1-
MaJICJ.I II JIO)KY (I1JIH Ha TpH6yny-no/\IIYM)
JrJttJllopa H IIOJIYllaJI ] laJIbMOBYIO BCTEL,
a B CJI)T1-lae npOBe;\eHI1JI 3aXBaTbIBaI0ll.\e-
" .
.... -... \.
OJ! ' .
, \
tf.'} .'J
, "3[
""<\,\-'.<)
: """',r
,j;.'
\
" .. '"
:;""(, -
, L___ _
nporPAMMA V1rp
1'0 3peJIHa - KOPOHY, p,eHe)KHOe B03Harpa)Kp,eHl1e
I1 eHHbIC IIpelMerbI. I fa Hap,rp06I15Ix rJIa1-l.I1aTopOB
MbI yaCTO YI1TaCM YIIOMI1HaHH5I a IIaJIbMOBbIX neT-
IHIX, llbIl1rpaIIIIbIX KopOHax. bbIUaJII-I CJIYl.laH, Korp,a
06a rJIalHaTopa Of1,IIOBpeMCIIHO 1I0JIY l laJIH nOIIa/y 01'
lIy6JIHKH, T. e. 06'b5IBJUJJII1Ch «ocB060)K;ClTlThI1\n1 ITa
BOJIIO». JII1IIIb HeMHOrl1e rJIap,HaTOphI MOrJII1 IIOX-
BaCTaTbC.H jl,eC.HTKaMH n06ejl" n03TOMY 3TH npl1Mepbl
MbI He4aCTO HaXO/T,HM B I1CTOYHHKax. Ho BOT Op,I1H H3
nop,06HbIX CJIyqaeB: MaCCI1MO, rJIap,l1aTOp, )KHBIlII1H
B nepBOM nOJIOBI1He I B. H. 3., npOIl1eJI 06yqeHI1e B
WKOJIe rJIap,l1aTOpOB ropop,a KarrY5I, op,ep)KaJI 40 no-
6ep, 11 36 pa3 I1arpa)Kp,aJICJI KOpOHOii (CIL VI, 33952).
I I pl1 HCO;HOKpaTIIOM KOpOIlO-
naHHH H IIpll yp,aYIIO1 Kapbepe
rJIaf1,Haropy BpYllaJICJI p,epeEJlII-
HbIH Mey (rlt(li), 41'0 03HayaJIO
ero OCBo6o)Kf1,eHHe 01' He06xof1,l1-
MOCTI1 BbIXOp,I1Tb Ha apeHY H 01'
BC5IyeCKI1X 06J13aTeJIbCTB nepep,
TpeHepOM - IJlaBOHlIlKOJIbl.
,) . ';; {
:/,'
j
.../'
, '
.'>;(, "\,'. i.
'"
. ..
"
.
'-...
-,'
I I ,
J ",
rJIaAlIaTOpbI
II nOKJIOHHI1KI1
'. "
1 !. '
f\."
jJ"'t1
-!t'.---
j
CorJIaCI-IO pa3JIJ:llIIlhiM HC rOllIIJ:I-
({aM H CBJ:lf1,eTeJIbCTBaM, IJla/\H-
aTOpCKI1i:1 MHp E03IIIIK 11 C(POP-
Ml1pOBaJIC5I B 3noxy J1Mnepl1l1,
COCTO.HJI H3 rrpocpeCC110HaJIOB,
B nOJIHO1 Mepe OC03HaBaBIIH1X TOT pI1CK, KOTOPOMY
OHI1 ce6H I10f].BepraJII1. Bep,b B rJIap,l1arOpbl Il1JII1 B OC-
HOBHOM JllOf].l1, Op,epiKl1Mble CTpaCTbIO K rJIap,l1aTOpc-
TEY, T. . IIO /06poi,i BOJIC H36paBWJlC OIIaCIIoe, 110
XopOWO OIlJIa l IJ:l13aCMOC J:I IIpHIIOC,HII\Ce 1I0IIYJI,HplIOCTb
peMeCJIO. CaMH Cpa)KeIlI1.H BCcrfJ,a IIpOXO/1,I1JIH nof1, 3IIa-
BIII-'I:JY. [J01Pf'OfUIMlflJl OIl(/lfl
r 1/306pa.J/(tHlIe.M zJ!{u},Ia-
1Il0pOW20 cpa.JK'{'HUJl. I 8., U3
1. '111('0(', 'l)p11IlJl. (1)1)Jo(nln.
l(eopPlf 11J1I11lIO('OIIllIl.,/P/1lIlJl)
J '
-t .
,'/1' ,
r
,. , )
, \'
t
.\ -j;,;.,
. ,
'\
. \
\ '
,
...,
oC.
e !... . I (:;( .J\ tip "'kr'T'0 lf J'j 1,1 JL\10AW-P
C'T J\t-1, fPj,\. ,.-H,.I' /\ I:! J r r, ,'\ t J P I,-IXA
, 1':;.1'1 HT r t Q J:.-l {J c\'( 1, r::',}" r 4'4!4J)'.J f?:-yeVe
.I.l\ ''\J\.''A .ql:r(V,J Ii'P '{SqYr!:1Mh
(') Ao'CAINo'C-J:; Y.:J/JAJ.>'{P,b
("f:>:.. ',¥,\... -1A.Y00I'lC' Cjl:8i'-lr-J-, ''<.'-.L
-
97
-
. l\ . 11
' l' ( :'f.l'ji,
. ...... - I ., J,I ....l:t,i.
...:,""'- - . "I) 11
- I'. r 1, " --1/"
« .. .
I (\ /-, 'C,'t
. ......\,
'-
\"
" 'J,
,I
I .......' ,
, , ".....
\\ "if'-
,,( 1j'
t .. . )I .
" ' . ". II.
i1\}' ,ti.. I ' . ,
'II, 'A, ,', ,.,: J .
',I ,.
.;.1: .
....,
, '
I
"
)\ \1
. /1
'.\
BBepxy. £lIlO!pIJ03 (j)aJ'OllllHU,
Ii/HI I. Jf{JIIIJ/ I/II.J/(I/r'lt 'lflOlllt !{o-
,/IOHl/bi /.11111101/111/0. (Bfl//lIlKflH,
lI1J'3l'1l Balln/lt:alltl)
BIIJ13Y. ..110.1flll1-.-fl r' 1I306pfl-
J/(CI/IIl J ./Il (l/eHKlIl/lIP1-.-0DOZO
llptrlt'lIlaDJf{J/IIIJI. f f! D., lI{lli-
del/a 6 PlIjl1C Hfl Hllfl /lUIlIlfl.
\lf/(}pllrJ. Hrtl{lIOHflJlbllhllt
fljJXl'OJIOIIII/{J(,}{lliI3t)13ni)
-
98
KOM ynopIIb[X CpaiKeI-HIM 11 yna)KeHI-UI K
CJIO)KHBWI1MCJ.I HpaBI1JIaM. CJIY4aH, KOlp,a
ap611Tpbl BbIHY)I{/e[lbl 6blJIH IIpl16el'llYTb
K KIlYTaM 11 paCKaJIClillblM I1pyraM, I-rr06bI
nCTp.HXIIYTh JIellIIBhlX J;J HCIIOKOlHlbIX rJIa-
HaTOpOB, 6b1JIJ;J peYaMIIII1MJ;J (31'0 He Ka-
CaJIOCb rrpl1rOBOpeHHblX K CMepTI1 I1JIH pa-
60B, rrOBepraBIUI1XCJ.I Cl\lepTeJIbHblM Ha-
Ka3aHI1.HM). CaMble JIyYUIl1e rJIal1arOpbl
CTaHOBI1JII1Cb rrOI1CTHHe «3Be31-1.aMI1» C
MeiKP,YHapoHoi1 113BeC1'HOCTblO, I1 a)l{e
JII1TeparrypHble I1C1'OYHI1KI1 p,OHOC.HT O Hac
I1MeHa, CraBlIII1C CI1I10IlI1MaMI1 MY)KCCTI3a
11 CI1JIbI. I Ianpl1Mep, I1CHa nOpHJ.I H Ko-
JIOM60 ynoMI1IIaIOTC5I lie TOJIbKO nCTpO-
Hl1eM, OHH YKa3aHhi H Ha KepaMI1I-IeCKl1X 11 CTCI015IH-
HbIX npeMeTax Toro nepHoa. (Oopl1i1- rJIal1aTOp,
cpaiKaBIllHilCJ.I C KOJIeCHI1QbI, 11 Ml1pMHJIJIOH KOJIOM60
1KI1JII1 B 3rroxy HpaBJIeHI1J.1 HepoHa.) Ml1p rJIaHaTO-
pOI3 npl1BJIeKaJI aHTI1YHbIX TIl1caTeJIei-L Ha1160Jlee
qaCTO B aHTI1YHOH JII1TepaType BCTpeqaIOTC.H CIO)Ke-
'I'bl no MOTI1BaM, CBJI3aHHblM C nel13rJIap,I1MblMH BIIe-
'J.
'1\
,. )/:
,.
, ;..
'\.
....
\ ",
"
,: . ..t
. /t f :'.
I "n Ii I
Ji' "__ '.
.' ..'. t<'(/,
. . ",r,
" i ': ;
'- "J
\\\, \ .' I i. 1-<
QaTlICHHJIMI1, KOTOpblC lIpOH3BOIIVIlI I:TIalHarropbl Ha
)I(CHIIlIH. IOI3eHaJI I3 0,lI10ii H3I3CCTIIOi:1 CI30CM CaTl1pC,
06paIlcIIIIoi1lIp01'HI3 )KeIlIlI1I1, paCCKa3hlBaCT 0 )I(CHC
OtHOro ceHaTopa,
no I1MeI-IH 3nHa,
KOTOpaJI C6eiKaJIa
01' MYiKa K H3Bec-
THOMY B TO BpeMJI
I :TI a,.1.11 aTOpy Cep-
)KOJIO, XOTH Bce
ero TellO 6bl1[0
113YP 0,11,0 B a II 0
IlIpaMaMI1, HOC
6blJI IIOI-ITJI cpe-
' ...'. '. I . .!WI --._.,.....
"I "A' I}j(,t!,.'J.IJr -'. ';tJt::IG'{(' ' ' rot
. , ,', ;\,:-' ,., . /1:." :/:-" ,'., . .'jo. .', i
, r .""}' .., f':;''' . ':I; , .
I " , ;,' > i:!..; ;," ," ;':" -J . , t ';:' ': II
. , t j' 'I..", ". ... "
.' i \' ,:,' ,r ", )!. .\ ': \,'
_. .'I \ ", 1 \' -.1., . .'a ,..::.. _I -, .'l_.... ,',
., ;'.. t ".. 1,;;... . '.'1' ]-,1"" f ,1,15
.'" . . 'd\M, b,
" . c.:...:..' ' j,i. ,I
'b1\tJ}: -- 'Lt<;;;Ji1; Q e 1."" ,J
'. ..' ."'... ,:..\:-- ''''',..I t/ p " ', ' :J
I . _ f" :, ,\ ',; ;J{.-.. ,1 : . - ' ,";'Q- , I. . "
t ,. 'X""#'.?- r lJ, . ,.-... L ttf1
1 , ::l7 ., '!"j , Ai:""":'C..,< ','i
-r- '49, "\ . t \.,' I' I'
I .. ?4fit;.. ; .:(:l' \ 1" , fJ
,. ' I ,,>t ' ".. ' i w
, " .' """'.. ".:\l. .n
) ,-;... p
i ; <, \. ' 'I
J'.. '. . .,..! .' " ' ,
...'.' ... TOi'II'fT'Ti ... ... '.
..,.. ,....._ ..............'tfto.....;..-n.. .-. ..--.
nporPAMMA V1rp
3all, a TIO/1, rlIa3al\H1 Beq-
HbIC ClIHHKH (VI, 82-114).
«Bce, 4'1'0 )KelIllI,l-'1HbI JIIO-
6.HT B I,)Ia/I1rropax, TaK
31'0 - MCtI», - 1111 IIIC r B
3aKlIIU'--Ielll1e JOBelIaJI,
BKpaTIe 3aMC'Ia.H ellC,
YTO ny6JII1KY B I'JIap;113TO-
pax npHBJIeKaeT I1X noc-
TOJlHHbIM BbI30B cYb6e
11 CMCpTI1. Ta )Ke Hapo-
HaJJ MOJIBa 0 B03MO)KHO
/' . ir' ''., ,'. ''': ..:.." .'"
:,". ' ',,;H;""' l :\ .\;b: t ',,L' l ) \ ' ( '
l\L: '11 t' if' t. '\:"'"1" f 1 I
i" i{ .t \.....::<.., ( '. ,',--; F'"' .i:-..:!L.., ,\,
.,.',' .\",:'1.. ,.<,.. \!,.:;\j' ",
} ,I, . . ..: ..".
,"\,"_;""",, -.' r.' '\.;:. '<,.,
'I
"';,:\> ;,:} ,',
.'" ' \ .
.. I"
.. '
c' r '" '\-., '::, ..: :'
":'
: ,
t" .
x ..
.:-
! 2'< .' ...
, ',,, : }';" '' ,. ,..:., '. 4 , <. .
'tl)tI,\*;.\St':' ;r:"".
' .'"{ .--...:,,.>.! .,4t)t,",h:' 'j
\'. ,' l . ;:2, . <;. ; ' i--; , - ...- ,
..f
t-
, .,
He 3 a K 0 II HOp O)K e I'I 110M
11 M IIcpaTope Ko rvlJ'vI01O,
P01HBll1I1IIC51 01' llI-Ic6pa4-
Hoi-j CB513H I1MIIcpaTpHqhl <1>aYCTHIlbI C rJIa/1,HaTopOM,
CBH/1,eTelIbcTByeT 0 TOtl CTpaCTI1, KOTOpYIO nHTaJII1 K
npo<peCCHOHaJIaM apeHbI a)Ke !l;aMbI BbICllIero PHM-
CKoro 06I.l\eCTBa. TaKoe rrp03BI1IIJ;e, KaK «B03Jt;blxaTClIb
eBqOHOK», aHHoe OHOlVlY rJIal1aTopy-clJpaKl1ilQY
H 113BeCTHoe IIO HaCTeHHbIM IIOMIIeHCKlIM I1anHCJ.lM,
IIO,LJ,TBep)Kf],aeT, 4TO 31'0 lie IlpOCTO 1II1TeparYPHbIM BbI-
MbICeJI. 3aMY)KHIIC MaTpOHbI 1'13 3IIaTHhiX pHMCKI1X
CCMCi1 IIC TOJlbKO lIa CJIOBaX oqcIIHBaJII1 ,l],OCTOHIlCTBa
rlIalI1aTOpOB, IIO II /J;CMOIICTpHpOBaJIII CBOIO JIIo60Bh
K caMOMY rJIalHaTopc-
KOMY IICKYCCTBY, 6y/1,Y-
YI1 nOCTOJ.lI-lHblMI1 33-
BCCI)J;aTaJ.lIvII1 3peJIHI
(XOTJI BO npeM.H rJIa-
1-I.l1aTOpCKIIX I1rp llIJ.I
I'
---...-
:...- L '_
" ..
'. t
'\, )KCIlIl\I1IJ OTBO/\l1lIHCb
'\
caMblC O1'aJleIlIlhIe 0'1'
apCIIhI MCCTa). B CBO-
eM IIpOH:BC/leHHH Ha-
)'AAa Jllo601l (1, 163-176)
.ii.
'f
...
.. .....'
I '
L
1
t.
. ..
, . 'f
. .
(k'.."<<" ,-.-...
," :, '...
.,i..... '.,\
). i:: : . .'\(,
;:<' I, \" ;'::..
a ,.. ,1r..!' 1 -:':.-1 .. .5
'j
\
. t
'.. .
.)!.7 _ .. .
, ,. 'i ,'--
.t.
,
\<f
\
,,'
.'
BBepxy. p{JJ7hefP 113 Fa./lll-
h:a P"{/('('{/ (.1ItU/(1J1 L 1 JIIJ/)
r 1I:w6pO)I(PHlIf.Af rpO)/(l'HIIJI
rJ{iJ'X Z./ladltflmOpOB. (JIo ltrJo II ,
Hplllll{/1I0\lIli JI J'Jni)
BHI13Y. 1i>ppa/(OIl108h/li pe-
"lbl'fP (' lI:w6p(/)/({JIIl{{J.M 0f(Jllbl
OXOJllbi 6 If IIjJKP. (P'Ut, J}'3ni
p". f1o\Oli IfllB/lJllt3(1l{1I11)
-
99
BIIH3Y. CTpaf1aHHfI h.laH/l,JIHhI.
f'paf310pa 8113dOHltlt «liiolllphe
tit'.\' J/I/l1)'r-s», 1766. (1IIIpIOl( HII-
If II () IIfUthll a JI 611U111 0 III ('lift)
BIIH3Y, en paBa. KJ'60h- (11306-
P{{)I(t'Hltt'31 t/ft'lIh1 P{{(JJl(PJIlIIltJI
\'ltllf II hi. Jilt .J1(lttlO/ll1l hI. 'JIlt. Ir 8.
(K{/p7rpJ'J, il/)'3eif 3e,lJf7lt SodeN)
OBHp,HH OTHOCHT K TCM MCCTaM, rjJ,e 4all.\e Bccro 10)l{-
HO 6bIlIO nCTpCTI1Tb KpaCHBbIX p;enyrneK, He TOlIbKO
TeaTp 11 l1pK, 110 11 clMcpl1Te3Tp. Eo BpeMcH3 I fepoHa
6bl1l11 TalOKC CJIY4aH, KOI:.ra H3 apelle B Ka1..feCTBC rJlap,H-
crropOB I3blCTYlla1lH H )KCIIIIHllhl; 06 3TOM I3CIIOMHII3CT
1aqHT (ANl/fL'lbI, 15, 32). f IanpHMcp, I {epoll yC'rpol111
IJIa,lH3TOpCKHC Hrpbl, B KOTOpblX Y1..laCTBOn3JIH T01lbKO
rJ1AAMATOPCKL1E MrPbl KAK cnOC06 M36ABJ1EHL111 OT nEPBblX XPL1CTL1AH
CTpaAaH51 6J1aHAHbl
%7
,. .--., \ r' (t'".
:::i .- 1".,1/ riJ\:J
".4 ,"\:K: A1D' ; ' '.t
-, } "', - 1t c-":- .,
-- '.'..-- ." ::,. . .'--
- . "";f '- 'Jt>.(i' ,: .;- ,
',.<' _ "".A":'/ . -_ :-- '1'
:: r:, <11:n] FtiT';,
'. (/':'1'';/, . -;t' ,I
'. ,i," 1(1i ' f'-:.'!. Y,,, , '" j
,..,t.-I'i' f f' I i "' ;, . I
. II!. I f.{ .."
- I . ,; ifJ'......., .,' ..
-:::-': c.-.'" " ":,':\'.t ,. 'i;..-'., ' \,
, . ,..,, " ,. ,", t
__ _.... \" '" .. (,.., I " .q."-
:it ci Rt\MMN 'r
',I
. . .. .....:r j ., .1..1 i.I' a II ... I,.., f .
C MePTHa Ka3Hb nYTeM
OTAa4 Ha paCTep3aHe
AKM 3BepM - Y4aCTb
MHOr04CJ1eHHbIX XpC-
TaH, KOTopble He >KeJ1a-
J1 nOA4MHTbC MMnepa-
TOpCKO 60>KeCTBeHHO
BOJ1e, a nOTOMY nOKpbl-
J1 ce6 n030pOM 3a T>K-
Ke npeCTYnJ1eHM M3MeHbi
M oCKop6J1eHM Ero BeJ1-
4eCTBa. B AeCTBTeJ1b-
-
100
HOCT, B nOCJ1eAYJOe BeKa
xpCTaHCKa nponaraHAa
TeHAeH 403HO n peYBeJ1-
4BaJ1a 4CJ10 MY4eHKOB
pa3Max rOHeH. TeM He
MeHee HeKOTopble 3n30Abl,
3aCBAeTeJ1bCTBOBaHHe
CT04HKaM Tex BpeMeH,
AOCTOHbl AOBep nOA-
TBep>KAaJOT, 4TO nOA06Hbie
cfJaKTbl MeJ1 MeCTO. TaKOB,
HanpMep, CJ1Y4a MY4eH-
4eCKO CMepT xpCTaH
B nOHe B 177 r. H.3., BO
BpeM npaBJ1eH MapKa
ABpeJ1. $aKTbl n04epn-
HYTbl 3 oAHoro nCbMa,
OTnpaBJ1eHHOrO xpcTaHa-
M noHa CBOM 3eMJ1KaM
3 $pr BcfJHM.
TeKcT, npMoe cBAeTeJ1b-
CTBO MY4eH4ecKo cMep-
TM xpMcTMaH, cOXpaHJ1C,
nOCKOJ1bKY BnOCJ1eACTBM,
B IV B., 6blJ1 nepeCKa3aH
EBceBeM (L(epKoBHoR uc-
mopuR, V, 1, 56).
H KTO
! J , r -.
.:. . f -.., t
;1
HO, KaK
nOCJ1e-
AOBaTe-
J1 KYJ1 bTa
K6eJ1bl,
KOTopble npOAOJ1>Ka-
J1 06paaTb B CBOJO
Bepy Bce HOBblX HOBblX
CTOpOHHKOB 3 rpeKo-
rOBopX MMrpaHToB
noHa, AOHeCJ1 BJ1aCTM
Ha xpcTaH. DblJ1 apec-
TOBaHbl enMCKon nOTH,
AbKOH CaHKTYc APyre
npeAcTaBTeJ1 06Hbl.
CpeA apecToBaHHblx 6blJ1a
M M0J10AeHbKa AeBywKa
no MMeHM DJ1aHAHa.
XpcTaHe 6blJ1 nproBo-
peHbl K cMepT, a no CJ1Y4aJO
rnaAMaTopcKMX Mrp, YCTPO-
eHHblX B 4eCTb MnepaTopa,
MX OTAaJ1 Ha pacTep3aHMe
AKM 3BepM B aMcfJTeaTpe
n MOHa «TPM raJ1J1». DJ1aH-
AMHY npMB3aJ1M K CT0J16y,
L-
npOfPAMMA V1fP
:I .... :1' i
" . ' ....
, ,. . .
.,i"
Ulll,Q' 1"
\
,'" .'
" 1\' '\.
I -, "'.
, \ '.t ::', ".,' ,\'
,I .\...' '" , '\.
,,- " ' ' A......... ',
. -:'I
, ''.....
, f.-
't . . .
: ' . ...... i
.
..... , ":1'1 .:0 -
'r .,
i '.
\ ...« .
':... -
\\. " ,
.. .. -
- /'. j'
J..". ..'.... '
.
l
. "
Bncpxy. JI03flllli{/ (' 1I306pfl)/{f'-
II/lf'.t! O/f'lIb1 OXOIllbl. liar/. I V B.,
C)'Jlllllhl Kfl3ltJ7/1Hfl, 'J'Oppf'HOBtl.
(PlI,"f, raJU1J{'JI b'opze3e)
of _.
',
..-:>" ( ' .
'. &iiI' '
-' -#' . t .....-'-'
\.' ':\ . \ \ \. I
\' ;\. ,- '< .:' V
..{
" ,
j-J-
BH113Y: C11f'Hfl mpa8./711 dltliltX
)1([1801llIlbl.\. J103(/ltIi(/ III-It T 88.,
1)[1 'fOi{/JI 8IU/.//fl (j T)'oWJIO. (PUll)
HO H OAHO >KBOTHOe He
nOAOWJlO K Hei1, B03MO>KHO,
OH 6b1Jl CblTbl. 6noHAHY
pa3B3an, OTBe3Jl B nopb-
MY nOTOM ee HeCKOJlbKO
pa3 BbICTaBnJl Ha apeHe,
nOKa 3 aBrycTa 177 r., B noc-
neAHi1 AeHb rnaAaTopc-
KX rp, nocne 36eH
KHYTOM nblTOK orHeM ee
He nOMeCTn B ceT He
6poCJl Ha paCTep3aHe
pa3bpeHHOMY 6bIKY, TOT
y6n 6naHAHy,noA6poCB
HeCKonbKO pa3 ee Teno B
B03Ayxe. MY>KeCTBO, C Ka K M
>KeHHa nepeHecna MYK,
B3BonHOBan caMX 3bI4-
HKOB, CnblTaBWX oTBpa-
eHe K 4pe3MepHo >KeCTO-
KOMY HaKa3aHtO, KOTOPOMY
nOABeprn MonoAeHbKYtO
xpcTaHKY. nOA06Hbli1 BA
HaKa3aH, K KOTOPOMY 6 bill a
nprOBopeHa 6naHAHa, T. e.
npeAaHe OCY>KAeHHbIX Ha
paCTep3aHe 6b1KaM, AOKY-
MeHTanbHO nOATBep>KAaeTC
orpOMHblM KOJl4eCTBOM
M03aK, peJlbecfJoB Teppa-
KOTOBblX npeAMeTOB.
Ha M03aKe B CnHe,
TpnonTaH,3aKa3aHHoi1
B Ha4ane III B. 3aumopoM
$nocepancoM AJl c06c-
TBeHHoro >Kna, 306pa-
>KeH 6b1K, aTaKYtOi1 Tpex
nproBopeHHblx K cMepT,
BAHO, 4TO ABoe 3 HX
Y>Ke pacnnacTaHbl Ha 3eMne
pa30pBaHbi B KJl04b.
He06bl4eH CtO>KeT M03a-
K Ha4ana IV B., Hai1AeHHoi1
B npownOM BeKe B OKpeCT-
HOCTX PMa. Ha M03aKe
3ane4aTneH APyroi1 BapaHT
rpbl: AB>KeH OCY>KAeH-
HblX H4eM He CKOBaHbl,
OH MetOT B03MO>KHOCTb
CB060AHO Cpa>KaTbC C 6bl-
KOM. nOXO>Ke, 4TO npe-
AaHHblM Ha paCTep3aHe
>KBOTHbIM, KaK nOKa3aHO
Ha M03aKe, AaBanaCb
cna6a HaAe>KAa B03MO>K-
HOCTb Ha cnaceHe. TeM
He MeHee Ha 3T0i1 M03aKe
Mbl BAM, 4TO weCTepo
CMepTHKOB 3 ceM Y>Ke
ne>KaT Ha 3eMJle, 3 X paH
nbeTC KpOBb, B TO BpeM
KaK ceAbMoi1 6e3HaAe>KHO
4enneTC 3a pora >KBOT-
Horo, nblTaCb nOBanTb ero
Ha 3eMntO.
,
t
.) ./ '-
/'St>r. ,
, ,..r; '.,
,l..
. ,,,', '"
?r:
, !
.
, I r . oaf :' .
l 0:.., ,
. . . , \."-
t . . ,..
, .. . J
,
'
.....
\" r: ': (\ ..
:,,,...' \"', f.,'
-' ,.,: ......... 'i' "
r ' . -, ''I.
, .. '01; ' .. ' ",' ,': '
, f' '" ,.,,--
>.. ',' .. :---::- -. '. -
,I< .' ' . A$) .
.'''' \.,
\,;
",-
/04 7:
, ...
. ,. ..
I ,,J"', .J f "
-' I -'
t ., ,; ,.
. f,t:. -, v
....,. . '
,
''tI,,"",
\ ".'
-
101
CnpaBa. PfJ7hf[/i, J/{/ KOIllO-
PO..M 3{1I1f"/tllllJ/tl/b1 pa31/hle
..JfOAlf'l/lIlhlll/p: {f ({f'pxl/ni
1/t1011Il-mp 1 lJ'. Jf !p fl 'lhI/0f'
"lfOI/Blll', B IfI'HlIlpaJlh-
IlOli - 2J/ar)lI{/II/Op('latt II/Phi,
fl H10!(l/fli -IIIP{/{f. 7J1 d,ll-.-ltx
}!(IIBOJJll/blX. 20-5022., J/{Ili-
rJ{,H B iio.MII('flX. (iinIlIOJlb,
11t1l{ltOl/fU/hl/hlli apXfOJW21l-
1ff(Kltli .JI}'3fli)
B1I1I3Y. EpOI/30{{hUi 11I..le_'1
llf'pltodfl JlP{/B.7fJ/ltJl IOllltJ!
l(f3apJ!- Ki7{lfff}UJI. J/fllideH B
""I'{Llf{' 2.,'{{/(h{(/IIWjJO{f B /10.Jlllf-
JlX. (HnlllO..'lh, 11t1l{1l0J/t1./7hllhlli
t1 pxeo.l7 02lt t telXlUi .J1J'3flt)
{i:" t' 'f<. ic. jf'(: ",/
J . /'J 1- I R '.
1 1 .....L} ')..
>i Q
-. ', ': r
:. t, ,r
\ i' \
. ( ,I
1 ,
Ii
".fj
,
.. L l, J
.J ',,'
1
i'r-,.
'\'
"1'
. ''l
.\ f'
tq.
!'< j \
?)\ )
'...
\ ... f \
"Ii", '_.
I'., "'I ....', \
'. . , Ii
": ,Y(
. \,
.; .'--
r.,
,
\' "'
. ""
\\ I
- jI':...
".. -
....
",
1
,.\ i,
f
't 1
1
'
----.
.--;,
'-( - -
I)' ) , , «},
': .! J_.!h_ -I.
.,..... },
, \'
'1\ ' ' . '1 (,- o.\.L...
r.-\
3cpl10nbI, epep,11 HI1X 6bIJII1 )KeHHHbI 11 ,[J,CTI1 (J{t/C-
ruit Auolt, 62, 3, 1). /I,oMI1IJ.l1aH TO)Ke IIpl1CYTcTBOBaJI
lIa 3peJ111ll\ax, B KOTOpbIX epa)KaJII1Cb (npqTJ;a)KI-ILIe)
)KCHll11 Hbl (CneToJ-nn1. )f{1I3Hh iJ6lIaiJl{OIJI1l I (f3apezI:
,l(O.Mlll{1I0H, 4, 1). STOT cpCHOMeH TIO!l.Tnel))KlaIOT
11 3TIl1rpacpbl (Hanl1el1 H3 TIaM.HTHI1Ke). HaTIpl1Mep,
Ha KpaeHOpeQI1BOM pellbee 113 AnI1KaMaeCO (Malla.H
A311.H) Mbl BI1!1.I1M rOBOp.Hll\l1e eaMI1 3a ee6.H I1MeHa
«AMa30HKa» 11 «AxI1JIlIl1.H», epa)l{aBIlll1eC.H B BOOpy-
)l{eHI1I1 OTIJIOMaXOB. 101lbKO 1I11111b B 200 r. CenTI1MlIH
Cenep 3anpCTI1JI )l{eIII1HaM BbIC'rYIIaTb 13 lIrpax, no-
JIO)KI1JI KOHeu, HpaBaM, KOTopble rpO'reCKHO 3aKJleHMl1JI
IOBCIIaJI (VI, 246-260).
fIe Bce rJIa,l],IIaTOpbl 6bIJIl1 C)UIOHIIbI
K 6ecnOpJI,lJ,OLIHOH 1/1 JIJo6ne061iJIbHOH
)KH3IIH. naM.HTHI1KH TIHChMeHIIOCTI1 1"0-
nOp.HT HaM, QTO 60JIbllla.H HX LJaCTb
6bIJIH )KeHaTbIMH MY)I{-
( ",\
/'l
, -,'
....
..
LJI1HaMI1, I1MeJII1 ,lJ,ereH \',
HJIl1 )l{HJIl1 C )f{eHaMI1. ,.,
'laK :I , . Vi
Ha3bl13aeMble I'll a - ,t( '... ' ", . A l
,I,.. ,-.
,l].llaTopCKl1e )KCI I bl pa3jJ,C-
a. .
JIJIJII1 CO CBOI1MH MY)KbJIMH- "...
rlla!l.J.IaTOpaMH Bee T.HrOTbI
Ka3apMeHHOl1 )10 I 3 H 11 , : -:--
-
102 ' ./""<
:!
J..'
'.--J',.
. " ;
," r.......
l' , .
7..
J t J,\, :3-
i" " \ ' --,{
, '1o.lJ.') 1,\'
_,.1)
\
npOfPAMMA V1fP
:
... ......
C' '\0 /.', I ,. ' -;.{ ... .
,( t ,: I"
" . \,): J
I. , (I
"ii!
, . ',> i; f-'lt J '
'... d..'f1
, ,,... .
_ b ,';: }
;{" "
V . '. . ' -- . .1-" I I
\. ", rl'l'
.v' ';',':' \}J} . '(;F'
.......... ... _. . ,.
,t
I , .
'1',
.'"
IIaJICCTpbl. I1MeHHo 01111 p,l1K-
rOBaJIl1 3IIl1Tacpl111 ,lV1H IIap,IIl1-
Cl1 Ha Ha[J,l'p0611JIX CllOHX 1303-
JIJ06JICHHbIX, CaMI1 IJlap,l1a'ropbI
pC[J;KO I1epC)Kl1naJII1 cnol1x )KCII.
ECJII1 norH6aJIH JIe)](CHaTble
rJIap,l1aTOpbI, TO l1X norpc6e-
Hl1eM 3aHl1MaJIIICb l1X P,PY3b.H
11 KOJIJIerl1, KOTopbIe npl1p,y-
MbIBaJII1 311l1Tacpl1l1 11 KpOMe
I1MCHl1 OIlCaJIl1 Ha Hap,rp06l1.Hx
KOJIl14CCTBO II06cjJ" I'O/bI )KI13-
1111 I101'116IIleIU, a TaIOKC, 110 CJIO)Kl1BIIII1MCJI BOCHHbIM
06bI4a.HM, MCCTO PO)K1\CHI1.H (CTpaHY). KaK 11 BOCH-
HbIC, rJIap,l1aTOpbI l\H-IOrO pa3'be3)KaJII1 - 113 naJIeCTpbI
B naJIeCTpy, l13 op,Horo aMcpl1TeaTpa B 1\Pyroi1, 11 t.laCTO
YMl1paJII1 B[J;aJIl1 0'1' pop,-
HbIX MeCT. 04eHb MHoro
Ha/l,rp06HbIX Hap,lII1Cei1
Ha 3aXOpOHCHI1.HX rJIa-
p,l1aTOpOB 113 BOCTOq-
HbIX CTpaH, IIOrH6IUl1X
13 aMcpHTerrpax 3aIIClla,
H 60i1qon, llbiCTYIIaBIIII1X
13 I1TaJlbJIHCKHX ropO/l,ax
11 6JIH3JIe)KaBUTl1X I1pO-
BI1HQl1.HX. Hanpl1MCp,
Hap,rp06Ha.H Hap,IlI1Cb
pCTHapl1.H no l1MCHl1 Pa-
nHp.yc (CIL IV: 4299) co06UJ,aeT, qTO IIorpe6cHHbIH
PO,u.oM 113 AKBHJIel1, BOCnl1TbInaJIC.H B 1IIKOJIC CBOCIU
I'opop,a, 6bIJI BJIIUITCJlbHbIM 4eJIOlleKOM, I10TOM Ha4aJI
BbICTYIIClTb I3 aMcpl1TCaTpax npOI3HIIQHH, B hCJlJlYHO
H KOMo. 3aTeM pellll1JI 1l0MeplITbC.H Cl1JIaMl1 C rJIa-
1\HaTOpaMI1 IIIKOJIhl l13 CnaJIaTO, rJ];e l1 nanleJI cnolO
CMepTb, YMepeB 0'1' pall (0'1' JIeqeHl1.H OH YIUIOHHJIC.H).
r
;"
.. . ,: I
. -{Iii . '
: .-,j.
.""
"
J- .'
----.. - ' ". \ . 't',
." ." ....f '
:..;''' ' .1
-"...< .' (_.... , J
,,_z ;... .
'" :::::)I'
?\. '
'f -,).
r
, .'..?',
..-. .
.
RIIH3Y. PtJ1MJrP (' 1I.106p(/)!(t-
IIl1fjJ1 rJ8W'<: {pa.Jf{{1I0lf{lIXO! 2.11{{-
dualllop08. 1/(/ POIUJ!P(' BIII13Y
cllpana (U!f),/(J!OIllOIIlOIIlIll/){'-
IIIM J 20 J'llaBlIIf2o 2.UH)1I0Illopa.
!/(,p8hle del'JIIIIlUIlJlIlllJlI 6.
(l/II({!lIllaB(J!il11lJI, //fl/{ltOllfl. 'lIr
lib/Ii flpXfO.l10211 1 lfOlllii NY3fli)
" . . r IJ'
'-. -'
\,
'-
-
103
3aKaT
rJIaHaTOpCKHX Hrp
F,-'-+
: J '\
( " - J '$ ..;;
, ) I+.. ..
_'.. ,"'G..","
, ':
>--' ....
, -.l .
"
- - .
..
: _1
, /
/'
t ""J
, "
-r
f
).
.....
. PectJOPMbl rp
. rJlaAaTOpcKe rpbl (munera)
ce6H C4epnaJl
. OT OXOTHKOB
AO aKpo6aTOB
.I
J
'...
. '
I , .
,
..
r'
;
!....
,d !' j
..4lJ'
J
v' IL ,I:..
..., " ";1 ,
. '
4 . .
}
:-rl
,I.J ,
\
'; (
. ,.
\ .
.,
."
fl '.
....
\,
nepBble aBO BeKO cyU(ecmBOBOHUR PUMCKOiJ UMnepuu, HeCOMHeHHO, 6blJ7U 30J70mb1M
nepUOaOM 2J70aUOmOpCKUX U2p. B meLJeHUe III B. U2pbl nepe>KUBOJ7U 2J7y6oKUiJ KpU3UC.
BoeHHoR OHOPXUR, 6ecnpel1eaeHmHbliJ 3KOHOMULJeCKuiJ KPU3UC - OCHOBHble npULJUHbl
ynoaKo U B mOKOM 3peJ7uU(HoM 6u3Hece, KOK 2J70aUOmopcmBo. Ho 6blJ7U U npULJUHbl,
Komopble mOUJ7UCb B 30J70>KeHHoiJ eU(e B nepuoa npOBJ7eHUR AB2ycmo COMOiJ cucmeMe
0P20HU30I1UU U2p. HonpuMep, LJOCmHble J7U110 J7UWb B peaKUX CJ7YLJORX M02J7U cjJUHOH-
cupoBomb U2pbl. 113 UMnepomopcKoiJ K03Hbl U2pbl OnJ70LJUB0J7UCb Bce pe>Ke U pe>Ke,
U eCJ7U 3mo CJ7YLJ0J70Cb, mo npeanOLJmeHUe OmaOB0J70Cb npOBeaeHUIO mpOBJ7U aUKUX
>KUBOmHbIX UJ7U 3peJ7UU(OM C YLJOCmUeM KOHOmOXOal1eB U mplOKOLJeiJ, Komopble HOLJUHOR
C III B. cmOJ7U o6R30meJ7bHoiJ LJOCmblO npo2poMMbl 2J70aUOmOpcKux U2p (munera).
-
104
3AKAT fJlADV1ATOPCKV1X V1fP
H aQI1Ha.H C III B. nporpaMMbI npOBef],eHI1.H 3pe-
JII1HbIX I1rp (munera) cyecTBeHHO 113Me-
HI1JII1Cb, IlOCK011bKY caMO r11ap,l1aTopCTBO \1ef],JIeHHO
11 HeOTBpaTI1MO KJIOIlI1110Cb K ynap,KY. B 202 f. CCII-
TI1MI111 CeBep, IIpa3HY.H dfCJlfllUllffllUf CBocro IIpaBJle-
HI1.H, YlI1BHJI lly6JII1KY llCpBblMH HOBOBBe;CI-II1.HMH B
nporpaMMe I'JIap,HaTOpCKI1X Hrp. TOI'a B qeHTpe
apCHbI bOJIblllOrO Jl1pKa 6bl1111 YCTaIIOBJIeIIhI p,epe-
B.HHHble KOHC1'PYKQI1I1 n BI1e Kopa6JI.H, 113 K01'oporo
Ka)Kf],bIH J];eHb Ha np01'.H)KeHI1I1 HeCKOJIbKI1X Hep,eJIb
BbIXOp,I1JIO He MeHblllC C01'HI1 ,lJ.I1KI1X )KI1B01'HbIX,
Y:T06bI cpa3l11'bC.H C ,lJ.eCJl1'KOM fifH01710poe. I1Mnepa- .4,\a '. '
?fa/&J '8w...
TOp Kopp,l1aH I, npaBH13WI1H Bcero HeCKOJlbKO frft-Cf!i/f.I;i, fJ1i!J/IJ' _ '\
MeC.HqeB, llpOCJlaBH1ICJI TeM, 'ITO ycrpoH1I 3pC- ''f'3i: '>
J B11f1 C B KOTO p OM C p a)KaJIOCb 60Jlce 500 IIa p .\.; 's u(i'f' " I
.., , , ". <"".'
rJla/\HaTopOB. K rJla/l,HaTOpCKHM Cpa)KeHH.HM It: ,.1 , t '!,.
6blJIa p,06aBJIeIIa TpaB11.H fl,HKI1X acppHKaHCKI1X F:v"-.),' J}. Jt/i.'J: ", " ,'i
,,' ,-4- k ,:;'" ¥.<\ , QJ{¥tlP;;i 'fi), ',' J
)J{I1BOTHbIX 113 ceMeHCTBa KOIUaYbl1X 11 MCf],Be- . 'L 1,:,.' ,:', .. JtU"' 'w,'
p,ei1 (1'011bKO B O)J,I1H 113 p,HeH 6blJIO y611TO 60JIee . ,J 1;." ." ;.r:(' '::f;i'.
: (..'!, I, \1it: :-:;. I' 't\.\. ,\
100 )KI1BOTHbIX) (Kopp,l1aH. J1rfllOpuJlAezyrmo, 3). (".; ,::-!s' ...{t::
\. jj' .,
fo,;i(» -
....
,\
J.
.
'...,L.
- tie,!
. ' ...
..
;r
.\ ,
J Jt ft'
{. . r -- I
.. ...,
. ... " ...
'\
....
'-
tr.
II,
II!
.
,.
\
\'\
".. ..
t. ..
'l
'"
"
. .....
:a.. 'I.........
... .
-'.-
BBepXY./{JI(.-J/. j.(J/(fpO./U.
bOJIbWOi1 I\H pK. (lluK(/IO,
HHOllUJ1l)/1Jl llO(W'{,f!lO l!llK(10)
B II H 3Y. P 11..l10....'{f.fl II {f 1/ OJ/hll (/ JI
If 030 lllltl {' It.WOP{{)/(t' lilt (.J. Iff
6'hIKU, }/(ltOOIllH'hI..J-t H{[1I00Jlee
'/{/{,J/IO oOllpelfae./uu./u 00
Opt'./UJllllp; RtUUWllfl (fflruJli-
lfapllJl)
105
\
OT nMTEPATYPbl AO KMHEMATOrPA(J)A
Mlt1cp 0 maAlt1aTOpaX
H e 6YAeM OTp4aTb, 4TO
rJ1aAaTOpCTBO, nOXO>Ke,
He TOllbKO npBOpa>KBa-
llO ApeBHe HapOAbl, HO
3apa3110 COBpeMeHHble.
Bo Bcex CTop4eCKX
pOMaHax BTOpO nOllOBHbl
XIX B., TaKX KaK f/Ja6uona,
HancaHHoro B 1854 r.
HKollacoM n. BacMa-
HOM (1802-1865), KaMo
2pRaewu? (1895) reHpxa
(eHKeB4a(1846-1916)
ll 5eH Yp (1880) 11. Be-
llllaca (1827-1905), TaM,
rAe BOCC03AaeTC CTOp-
4eCKa 06CTaHOBKa PMa,
063aTellbHO nOBllK)TC
C4eHbi rJlaAaTOpCKX rp
B aMcfJTeaTpe. MOllOAble
A06pOAeTellbHbie xpCTaHe
KOBapHbie 3bI4HK,
He36e>KHO npweAwe K
xpCTaHCKO Bepe C-
KaBwe B He cnaceHe, -
BOT Te repo CTOp, 4aCTO
Tpar4eCK nor6aBwe
BO BpeM 3pellL4HblX rp
B 4pKe ll YMpaBwe
MY4eH4eCKO cMepTbJO,
oTAaHHbie Ha pacTep3a-
He AKM >KBOTHbIM.
YnoMHaHe 0 HaCTOL4eM
rllaAaTopcTBe B 4 CTOM
BAe BCTpe4aeTC 04eHb
peAKO. Pa3Be 4TO YAa
6eH Yp, rllaBHbl repo
-
106
6blll caMblM llJO-
6MbIM CJO>KeTaM,
KOTopble OH, cKpyny-
lle3HO AOKYMeHT-
py, nepeAall B 3K-
. , ,.!; . I
. ,\,' \ ,,' paH3pOBaHHblx
06pa3ax,npBBa
.rl
";"" I - J BKYC K rpaHA03Hb1M
.1. CTop4eCKM C06bl-
\-;'i , TM 06CTaHOBKe
Toro nepOAa. 3T nOllOT-
Ha - npMble npeAweCTBeH-
HK 6YAYL4X KHeMaTor-
pacfJ4ecKX Bepc. Ha-
npMep, cpeA 3TX pa60T,
BnepBble BOCC03AaBwx
aTMoccfJepy npOBeAeH
rllaAaTopCKX Cpa>KeH
AaBwx TOll40K APyrM
cfJllbMaM Ha 3TY TeMY, ero
cfJllbM PoLLice verso (CM.
e. 89). 3Aecb A>KepoMY
YAallocb BOCC03AaTb Tpe-
neTHYJO oAHoBpeMeHHo
KowMapHYJO aTMoccfJepy
rllaAaTopcKX rp, YCT-
poeHHblx TTO no cllY4aK>
OTKpblT KOll3e. B CBOX
KHeMaTorpacfJ4ecKx pa-
60Tax A>KepOM o6paaeTc
K TeMe MY4eH4ecTBa
xpcTaH, 0 4eM rOBopT
Y>Ke caM Ha3BaH cfJllb-
MOB, TaKX KaK nOcneaHRR
MonumBa xpucmuaHcKux
MY4eHuKoB ll BblXOa XUU1-
HUKOB Ha apeHY. HTepeceH
-...
1
.
,r'
J.
I
,'j,
.:,>, 'f
'.,.,
':.':,;.,.t-tt:; ,
j, " t r ,q-- __-.t.
, ,?,-, ,,:1.. '. ... ( 1 :,:'. .=
" ]A t:. :f:-<.... \,' :,
,l ,,'" .....>...., 1
j ... '
,/if
\
"
"1
I 1 "
\) I
to"'''' .
'I
t
, t
1"\ , ......-'_"..,.
, ' . .' . ---<!'.
OAHOMeHHoro pOMaHa,
Mor nOXBaCTaTbC CBoe
rllaAaTopCKO Kapbepo B
PMe. OAHaKO 3TOT acneKT
6blll nporHoppOBaH B
nOClleAYJOL4X KHeMa-
TorpacfJ4ecKX Bepcx:
B 1926 r. £1>peAoM H6ll0
(1874-1948) B 1959 r.
pe>KCCepOM 3BecTHewx
cfJllbMOB YllbMOM Balle-
pOM (1902-1981).
}t{Boncb KHO KaK B3Y-
allbHoe CKYCCTBO, 6e3 COM-
HeH, nOAorpell HTepec
llTepaTypbl K TeMe 0 rJ1aA-
aTopcTBe. Y TaKoro XYAO>K-
HKa, KaK A>K.-11. A>KepOM,
OAHoro 3 BbIAaJOL4xC
npeAcTaBTelle Te4eH
nOMnbepcToB (AOCllOBHO:
«nO>KapHK», TaK B WYTKY
Ha3blBall «BllJ06lleHHblx
B rllaAaTopcKe WlleMbl»
no aHallor C KaCKa-
M nO>KapHKoB) KOH4a
XIX B., rJ1aAaTOpCKe rpbl
3AKAT iJlAD,V1ATOPCKV1X V1iP
CK)}KeT cpllbMa Kapa-
KaJ1J1a rema 3BeCTHOrO
XYAO>KH Ka-AeKaAeHTa All Ma
TaAeMa. OH BAOXHOBllC
peallbHo npo30weAwM
C06blTeM, paccKa3aHHbiM
B J1cmopuu npaBJ7eHUR AB-
zycma, corllaCHO KOTOPOMY
K)Hbl KapaKalllla pa3pbl-
AallC, BA pacTep3aHHoro
XL4HKaM nproBopeHHo-
ro K cMepT.
To eCTb Y>Ke 3Ha4allbHO
KHeMaTorpacp pa3rJlAell
B rJlaAaTOpcKX rpax
ny6ll4HblX Ka3HX Ha
apeHe C nOMOL4bK) AKX >K-
BOTHblX nTaTellbHYK) cpeAY
A11 C03AaH 3pellL4HbIX
Hanp>KeHHbIX CK)>KeTOB.
HanpMep, B cpllbMe KaMo
ZpRaewu? (1912) 3HpKO
a440H(1876-1949)M
BAM c4eHbi rJlaAaTOpcKX
Cpa>KeH,Bocnpo3BoA-
MblX no MOTBaM, 6ll3KM
xYAO>KeCTBeHHbIM MOTBaM
A>KepoMa. (napTaK - rJlaA-
aTop-noBcTaHe4 CTall repoeM
Tpex cpllbMOB: TallbHCKO-
ro, CHToro B 1952 r. PK-
KapAo $peAa (1909-1999),
aMepKaHcKoro - caMoro
3BeCTHoro, 0 KOTOpOM Mbl
Y>Ke ynoMHall (CM. C. 25),
CHToro B 1960 r. C. Ky6p-
KOM, COBeTCKoro cpll bMa
CnapmaK, CHToro B 1975 r.
pe>KCCepaM BaAMoM
Aep6eHeBM(poA.1934)
I{)peM rpropoB4eM
(POA. 1927). rllaAaTopbl
CTall 4aCTbIM repo-
M APyrx KHOlleHT Ha
Mcpollor4ecKe CK)>KeTbl,
TaKX KaK BapaBBa (1952)
pe>Kccepa AlleccaHAPo Dlla-
ceTT (1900 -1987), TOJ1 bKO
npomuB PUMa (1962) JlY4aHo
P44 (3BecTHoro KaK rep-
6epT Bac) TJ1aaUamOpbl
(1954) AellMepa A3Bca
(1904-1977). nOTOM Hacry-
n110 MOll4aHe. npOWllO He-
CKOllbKO AecTlleT. BOT
B 2000 r. CK)-
>KeTbl Ha rJla-
AaTopCKYK)
TeMY onTb
CTall MOA-
HbIM C Bbl-
XOAOM Ha
3KpaHbi
cpllbMa
TJ7aauamop
PA11 (KOT-
Ta (POA. 1937). $llbM ffla-
auamop n06ll peKoPAbl no
KaCCOBblM c60paM, nOllY4ll
nTb npeM «OcKap». Ycnex
cpllbMa 06beKTBHo 3acllY-
>Kll wpoKoe BHMaHe,
nocKollbKY BnepBble rJlaBHbl
repo - rJlaAaTOp He Bbl3bl-
1J'
,
.....
-
....
BaeT 4YBCTBO OTBpaL4eH
K rJl aA aTO PCTBY ll OT-
>KBWerO OCY>KAeH rJla-
AaTopCKX rp. MaCCMO
MepA AeCTbl, 6bIBW
nOllKOBOAe4 apM Mne-
paTopa MapKa ABpell,
npeclleAyeMbl KOMMO-
AOM, - XopOWO BblCTpoeH-
Hbl nepCOHa>K; B cpllbMe
HeT MY4eHKOB-xpCTaH,
rJlaBHbl repo MY>KeCT-
BeHHO C npocpeCCOHallb-
HblM 4YBCTBOM 4H3Ma
npHMaeT YAapbl CYAb6bl,
4TO 04eHb C6ll>KaeT ero C
repOM rJlaAaTOpCKX rp
(munera) ApeBHero Mpa.
(orb1 / . n ,
.
....,
\
it
CJIeBa. JI. AJUltl 1'adf1.. JUl.
l{apalGlJIJIa 11 I 'era, 1907.
( cIa ('J /lll a.fl IW./Ut flil! 1I.fl )
BBCPXY. Clifl/tlll3 fPlI./1h.Jltl
I JHl/ltaTOp fllI/Jllli10CO/O Pf-
:Jlatt(fpa PltrJJllJ G'liOflllllfl
-
107
It
ClIpaBa. (/JpfllAfII1JlllflpOIlP-
ma Y 6h1XOOa U3 a3tfjuIllfalllpa
r pf./lhffjllUAf U306p{[.J/(nlltr>JJl
.AIltrftOJIOZlI'IPO{lt,\ lU11l1l0-
MltH{UlhllhlX rlffH. (Callllla-
11/ a p ltJl- f{{/ II YJI- /Jelll ep,
Xpfll/lIJ7l1ltlP l{fl. JlI101/0{OIO
OAf fju 111 nIJIl pa)
BIIH3Y H lIa c. 109. i1/o3a[{-
Kit r 803111111a,MllllpOllllt606opr-
1Il6)'lOlIfU\ KO.IJ1{/HO, )"/{/(1ll0Y1O-
!llltX 0 Z01l1{{[X 1/{/ KOJteotltll{/x.
(Pll]/l, Hfll{lto1l0.mJlIhlII P10tC-
kUU JJq3eit)
-
108
r
, ,
.'\
II
',\ .
I:}
I,
" ',-, ,'.
, J " 1 '
, ,', I
\' , !",l '"
d l II
:
..t
/ ' f . I
j Y J 1 ' I " $-- .'
'
. 't- .,
t. (V.. I
i': .
IIe3a6hIB3CMbIMH OCTa-
\"
\\\
.\
":.
,}
(',
:
, ..
.fII1Cb 3pCJII1II\HbIe oxo-
TbI, YCTpoeHHbIe B 282 r.
I1MnepaTopOM OP060M (276-282 rr.) no CJIyqalO
npa3{J;HOBaHI1.H TpHYMcpaJIbHOH n06efJ,bI Hal]; repMaH-
l\aMI1. 110 sceM apeHe bOlIbuIoro l\l1pKa HeCKOJIbKO
fJ,Hei1 COJIp,aTbI BbICa)KI1BalII1 p,epeBb.H, a IIOTOM B I1C-
KyccTBeHHbIH «lICC» 6bIJIO BbIIIyuJ,eHo 1000 cepII,
1000 OlICH.HT 11 ew,e COTIIJI f],Pyrl1x TpaBOJlf],HbIX )1(11-
BOTHbIX. JIIo6oi1 H3 3pI1TCJIei1 Mor BbIHTI1 Ha apeHY
nOOXOTI1TbC.H 11 YHCCTI1 C C060H p,06bIYY (Op06. J!f'-
mopuJl AozYf'lna, 19).
n pep,JIO)KeHHbIe KapoM, Kapl1HOM (282-285)
11 HYMepl1aHoM (282-284 rr.) HOBbIe I1rpbI TO)Ke
nOJIb30BaJII1Cb 60JIbllll1M ycnexoM. 3TH HrpbI, BKJIIO-
. .....-,
LIaBwne 3Kp06aTHLIeCKI1e HOMepa 11 HOMepa JIOBKOC-
TH, BIIOCJIelCTllI1H CTaJII1 COcTaBHoi1l.JaCTblO Jl106bIX
3peJIHllJ,. HCTOl.IHI1KH YIIOMHHalOT 06 Op,HOM aKp06arc,
KoropbIH, 13hIIIOJIH,H.H IIa KaHaTe CBOII HOMcpa, IIa3bI-
BaCMblC toirhobates (no-rpel.JeCKI1 «TOT, KTO IIIaraCT no
CTeHaM» ), BOJIbTIDKl1pOBaJI, KPY)KI1JIC.H TaK, 6YTO 6bI
BeTep ero no,n;6paCbIBaJI, a YBep fbIBa.HCb 01' MeBe)KbI1X
JIan, npbIraJI Ha Orpa)Kf].eHI1.H 11 rvll1MI1KOH 11 )KeCTa-
MH fJ,pa3HI1JI p;peCCl1pOBaHHbIx Mep,Belei1.
PecbOPMbl Mrp
C OKOHl.laHl1eM IIpaBJICHH.H ,lJ,110KJIeTl1aHa
(281-303), npOCJlaBI1BIIII1MC.H TeM, LITO
YCTpaHBaJI rpal-lp;1103Hble rJIal1aTOpc-
Kl1e I1rpbl B p;yxe HMIIepCKIIX Tpa/l1qlli1,
3peJII1Iqa C I,]la/HaTopCKIIMH Cpa)KeIII1-
J1MH IlOXO)J{e pe3KO nOIllJII1 Ha cna, LIeMY
cnoco6CTBOBaJII1 11 nOCTaHOBJIeHI1.H, npl1H.HTbIe
KOHCTaHTI1HOM B 325 r. COrJIaCHO OepUlll(J{D-rlj' YKa3Y
(COBp. Eei1pyr), Ka3HI1 BO Bpe\1.H IIpOBep;eHI1J1 I1rp
3AKAT iJlAJJ,V1ATOPCKV1X V1iP
BHH3Y. ..lIollell/{/ {'ZI306-
pa.7I(eHlIeJJ1/(1I0IUtflJUlaH{/.
ILJlIlf'pflJJ/Op It dPJ'zll( JljHlfllI-
JJlfJlll flli: l{/(hlf{fUlll OIPO.lfJlhl(
OfHh2lt Na llpo8eoflille nUlltHUX
3PfJ7ltllJ rLul pZUU'li020 1/{/porJa.
( nfl p 11)/(, ffrllill 0 II fel Mia J1 611 fi-
Jill 0171 [>J{{/ )
,..
,::,..." :.. .' T . ':' ,
'.'.'\ '... .
1f-'
;- -:: \
....
't' 'I'
."','
10
, .
'\0 r
';!" ; .
.. "',
, , 'l'
.,'"
$'
:\
f 1
r
'"'I:f '
. . 101.... 1. . t .
.' 1.
I_T= ,
. i \
'. '
I. ' .
\t... "
\ ,
. .
:. .
, -
:'-:<-...,.- .. ,
./"::J:JI.:.' ... '
')'l.l-';:r.:.,>
,.. r ...
4...,..:...."
'1-...}"--
1 ..,"'!:..:,
, .
l:. ../L
,:':'
. 1r ':: l.':"l
;-fj_};1\; ,
- {\ \d _ f\:
.. tt . :1j. I;:\:.
.l - ";" '{7f ,:;: -:::
. '\:.. .'!:?£4 '.t:;f
. HI. - r ;'; it \ -' : !_!,1,.,
inr:--" f, ':T....ii.........;.. ,'>..
, 1-" " II I.- " ,'if'- I '\ 'r I , . . "
- ." · _ 1
,, ........- , ' :-,) -.,
I
. ,
"
.. \'.
. \'
. t,
.'
I' .
...
-
109
tifJ
--
,J.
1.
1
A!,: ...... -=.----
. ,
; ,
i .
,
-,.,.-- ---
ftv
< ._, ....'1
' 7
.Jr... - ....
' ;,."":--,-;...' -..
..;..,..-
RBCPXY. /(Hr.-Jl. /()!((lpo.!.
I IocJIelHJUI MOJIHTBa
xpIlCTHaHCI-HA \-tY 1 ICIIHKOB.
(f){/'1IJ/l{. }fOp, XY()O)!r(lOlu/{'II-
1NUI zO.lepeJl BOJlMllepa)
BIIII:JY. II.J!lU'jJtlllWp f{ollr-
1ll0Hllllf II, !ftpaz.Jf{'1I11111(/3tJllll-
IIlfK{/ I V 8. (PLOt, KallUlllO-
Jll{/ioau J N)lJf'lI)
-
110
,
-".-.. .
, .___ ___: - _..r:-. = "-: <:; :.; # -;!
..J' - - """,'. ""'. ;;:-a.-;';" ,.".----- ,.-,s.' ;:;r "I'J: r , . _ ,. T..". ..;'-
1. t1 l1' " ;-, 1" -=""" rz "T . '-- ' ' ,. - - .i!lSl!!:'''!!![.( 'F<o-:" ... r.;-...., - :""
- , . ,-:: -... - '___" ,'"''' : -. ' . -' .;7f t:;£ -';, .: ,. , I
. ..:,. 4_ ..,A-' "':-!f '
: !. ;:#-".... ,"""!'. '1.--
.......1':- _.'v._':!x
_." !-...:::.==- _ ;":!.- f" .
'- .
I. :
,{ .
'i?J. ..!:..,.o ,. - :-r - , -
, , \. ' ' \ .,.; - I' . ' \ " - ir \ . !
,":#, . $' . \
'''iii;. . . ...."J' - ",' _ __...
_.. .::.l.: _ -
.J
-"
-t'.
,;
OTMeH.HJII1Cb, p,a 11 CaMI1 CMepTHbIe Ka3HI1 3aMeH.H-
JIIICb Ha npl1Hyp,IITeJIbHbIe pa60TbI B KaMeHOJIOMH.HX.
rJIap,IIa'rOpCTBO JII1WaJIOCb TaIOKe Ba)KHOrO IICT04HI1Ka
HOIIOJIliCHIIH CBOI1X P.Hp,OB IIOB06paHaMI1 H3 COJIp,aT,
nOCKOJIbKY MIIOI'OtJI1CJICIIHble YKa3bI cepc)],I1HbI IV B,
ocpI1I1aJlhHO 3anpeIIaJII1 COJIaTaM I1CKaTh 3apa6oToK
Y JIalII1CTOB 11 Y/l,aqI1 Ha apeI-lc. K TOMY )Ke C 3Toro
nepI10/l,a XpI1CTI1aHCKa51 peJII1rI1J1 erarra rocyapCTBeH-
HOM, MOpaJIbHOe HaKa3aHl1e, HaJIaraeMOe CBJIeHHI1-
KaMI1 lJ,epKBI1, npeBpaTI1JIOCb B 60-
JIee cepbe3Hoe HaKa3aHI1C, qeM
HaKa3aHlIe Ha apeHe. rrep_
TYJIJIllaII, )KIIBUII1H Ha Py6e-
)KC II-TII BB., IIbITaJIC.H )],0- .
KaaTh, l.JTO aMcpI1Terrp TO)I{C
d .,ijritj"( '7
.. i' J. 3 f' \: t ,
-c 'J.;' ,'\'-'l ;Io " 'Ii "
If" 'Jy:j 'l) . ", 'S..
\ #;J- .:' l f 1", ,
... I
\ ,...tJ\
"'.
"
I .
peJII1I'I/IOHOC MeCTO II qTO
I1rphI 6bIJII1 He qTO I1HOe,
KaI{ 3aMaCKI1pOBaHIIoe nop,
BI1jJ,I1MOCTb 3peJII1U,a KpOBaBoe
)KepTBOnpI1HOWeHI1e 60raM. TeM
He MCHee C 3Toro nepl1op,a OCY)I{-
'"
. 'v
3AKAT ff1AD,V1ATOPCKV1X V1fP
p,eHl1e rJIa,[I,l1aTOpCKI1X I1rp CTaJIO eI1Hop,yW-
HbIM, B TO BpeM.H KaK K 3peJIl1lIJ;HbIM OXOTaM
OTHOllleHI1C OCTaBaJIOCb cyecTBeIIHO Tepnl1-
MCC. 110 lie 6yp,CM 3a6bIBaTb, 4'1'0 06bP.IHO B r'
IB1CbMCllllhiX IIOCJI3HI1.HX CB.HUeIlIlI1KOB IJ,cp- I"" . /';
ti ,
KBI1 YlIpeKI1 6blJIl1 I1anpaBJICllbl IIC TOJIhKO 11:1 ". ."
-i" .{--:-
npefl,aHHOe aHacpeMe rJI3,1,l1aTOpCTBO, 1-10 l1 lIa :::::.,
lpyrl'IC Bl1f1,hI 3peJII1, C HaUleH TOIKI1 3pe-
HI1J1, MeHee KpOB3BbIX, - TeaTp 11 CopCBHOnaHI1J1 Ha
KOJleCHI1aX B Ql1pKe. Y)Ke AIlOrmOJlU'J{Of 1l0Y ' lfHllf, npl1-
nl1CbIBaeMoe I1nnOJII1TY, pl1MCKOMY nane KOHu;a II B.
H. 3., OTJIy--IaJIO 01' Xpl1CTl1aHCKI1X 06I1H fJIap,l1arOpOB
.. ti
I1I1X HaCTaBHHKOB, a TalOKe aKTcpOB, MI1MOB H B03I-1HQ.
B BOCT04HOH 4aCTI1 I1MIICpl111 rJIap,HaTOpCKI1 nrpbI
WYTKM MMnEPATOPA rAnnMEHA
,
$
\
..
f1.. . ,-Y rr,
'-. ,'.
..
, .
''''
7'0
,
-'101(.
". . -,
..
'S\
BBCPXY. Clf('J{{/OXOJl/hi.
j1/03fI10((/ /(3 IlrHlllf'ii.
BIII13Y. I 'o,/108a IOtJltp(/Jl/Opa
I (I. 7. ll{(JII(/. EO/Mil,ftjJfI.1l0P,
260 c. (PU.J1, flflJlflJIIIIIIOilf/{
,,flJ'3eii)
K)MOP aMQJTeaTpa
I A MnepaTOp
V I rallJU1eH
(260 -268)
MHoro pa3
ynoM HaeTC
B Ucmo-
PUU npOBf7eHUR
ABzycmo 3a
CBO OCTPOYM-
Hble KOllKOC-
V'
-
, f J
,.' \
"
lleH peW1l Bce
paBHO HarpaATb
604a KOpOHO
n 06eATell,
a ny611 Ke,
nOAHBwe
WYM, 4epe3
rllawaTa 06b-
ii
.ji
, "
..
.\
t
\
"'\f-..
'{.
.-
.a-... .
It .
......
," , \. ,.. ..-
\'..(:' .' /'f. .
. , ." . r .-
....... , .
CHIl, 4TO
604a HarpaAIl 3a
TO, 4TO HeB03MO>KHO
6blllO He n06eATb
6blKa nOClle CTOllb-
KX nonblTOK.
B APyroM CllY4ae
CallOHHa, >KeHa
ralllleHa, HaCTa Balla,
4T06bl IOBellp, npOAaBW
e QJallbWBble YKpaweH,
T WYT-
K BO BpeM
rp. OAHa>KAbl
OA H BeHO-
mop He CMor
CBall Tb
6blKa Aa>Ke nOClle AeCTO
nonbITK. K Bce06eMY
3YMlleH1O ny611K, rall-
i'o'
. j,.
,..!i-..... .
' S " "':),."
"'... .,. .....
. ... \::. #t
..... :.....-
6blll HeMeAlleHHO HaKa3aH,
KaK OH Toro 3aCJlY>KBall.
TorAa ralllleH peWIl, 4TO
06MaHK AOll>KeH 6blll
6blTb 6poweH Ha CbeAeH e
llbBaM, OAHaKO 3 KlleTOK
6blll BbJnyeHbl He X-
HK, a Bcero IlWb KanllYH
(KaCTppOBaHHbl neTyx,
OTKapMllBaeMbl Ha MCO).
onTb, npe>KAe 4eM oTnyc-
TTb C apeHbl 06MaHKa
4ellbiM HeBpeAMbIM,
mawaTalO 6blllO nopY4eHO
06bCHTb CTya41O pac-
TepHHO ny611Ke. OH
C006Il, 4TO 3TOT 4ellOBeK
«XOTell 06MaHYTb n03TOMY
6blll caM 06MaHYT».
-
111
ft1
PA3PYWHTEnbHbiE HA6ErH 8 V 8.
PM KOJl3e B TCKaX BapBapOB
B Te4eHe V B. PM nOA-
Beprc HeCKOllbKM
pa3pywTeJlbHblM 3eM-
lleTpceHM,nepem1l
Tp ocaAbl BapBapoB.
nepBble 3aBoeBaTell,
BeCTrOTbl nOA KOMaHAoBa-
HeM Allapxa, BToprllcb
B PM B 410 r., nOTOM
B 455 r. npwJl BaHAa-
llbl reH3epxa, ,
B 472 r. BO Bpe-
M rpamAaHcKoi1
BOi1Hbl P4Mep,
BepxoBH bl i1
KOMaHAYIOL4 i1
BOi1CK, onTb
I .
J -" !
II
It
npBell BapBa-
pOB 3aXBaT1l
P M. Yme nepBoe
HaweCTBe Alla-
pxa 6blJlO CTOJlb ApaMa-
T4HO AJl mTeJlei1 PMa,
4TO OH CTaJl nOKAaTb
ropoA. ECll eL4e B IV B.
HacelleHe PMa COCTaB-
IlJlO n04T 1 000 000
4eJlOBeK, TO nOCJle 410 r.
OHO cYL4eCTBeHHo YMeHb-
w IlOCb, B KOH 4e V B.
B rpaH4ax ropoAa nep-
oAa Mnep OCTaBaJlOCb
Bcero OKOllO 100 000
mTellei1. nOclle 3TX Tpex
-
112
HawecTBi1 rpa6emei1
ropoA HaxOAIlC B ynaA-
Ke. B CB3 C MHorOlleT-
HM HecnOllb30BaHeM
KOll3ei1 TaKme 3MeH1l
CBOi1 06JlK. TaK, BOKpyr
aMcpTeaTpa, y nOAHom
XOllMa Onni1 Ha Tepp-
TOp DOf7bWOiJ WKOf7bl
maAaTopoB,noBIlCb
-
I .
- . - .
I ,
..
"'I'. )
.
.
----
..t ,.,
ill
I"............... -
,/'
-/
ABa KllaA6L4a C 3axo-
pOHeHM nor6wx
BO BpeM ocaA ropOAa.
XOT B P Me CYL4eCTBO-
Ball mecTKi1 3anpeT XO-
pOHTb YMepwx B 4epTe
ropOAa, BO BpeM ymac-
HOi1 ocaAbl AllapXOM, KaK
nweT rpe4ecKi1 CTOpK
30c M (VI B.) B cBoei1
HOBOiJ Ucmopuu, pMllHe
6blll npOCTO BblHymAeHbl
HapywTb 3TOT 3anpeT.
B nepOA COBMeCTHoro
npaBlleH rOHOp
4>eoAoc II, MemAY
417 423 r., B aMcp-
TeaTpe 6blll npoBeAe-
Hbl pecTaBpa4oHHble
peMoHTHble pa60Tbl.
nplleraBwa K KOJl3eK>
TeppTop,3aHTa
KJlaA6L4eM, Tome 6bllla
. J
, ,
r
.
. .
. I 1
...
.
.
\
III . '. ...., - r i - .
_ _"' ."1 -- _ _1 '!'".
I" . , -
.,,:, ' .::..:. -"
..
",
'\..
6JlarOYCTpoeHa 3a C4eT
CTpOTell bCTBa Aopor:
nOBepx 3axopOHeHi1 Ha
ABYXMeTpOBYIO BblCOTY
YllomJl orpOMH ble 6a-
3all bTOBbie 6110K. (3Ta
Aopora 3axopoHeH
nOA Hei1 npocYL4eCTBOBa-
ll BnllOTb AO apxeoJlor-
4eCKX pacKonoK 1895 r.)
AMcpTeaTp 6blJl BHOBb
OTKpblT All cnOllb30-
BaH.
"
"< .-
nepeCTaJII1 npOBO-
l1TbC.H Hal.JI1Ha.H co
BTOpOH nOJIOBI1HbI
IV B., no BC.HKOM
::_.... '
... . (3;: r V .
,,:' J :" '"
t ,.,., _.L;;. _ ., I
,,\'C-...; >
h..::'
f' 'h
\
I
'J , ' .
'I" '
"' )J . ,',
'" ,
. /"
'" "A
t \'.
i
. I
, J
'.
CJIYl.Jac I1MeHHO C
3Toro nepl1oa MhI
He pacnOJIaraeM Ka-
KI1MH 6bI TO HH 6bIJIO
CBeeHI1.HMl1 0 HI1X. Ha 3anae l1 B HTaJII1I1, pOI1He
rJIal1aTOpCKl1X l1rp, 3Tl1 3peJII1lQa npOCYlQeCTBOBa-
JII1 HaMHoro OJIblile. Ho Kpl1311C HapaCTaJI l1 3eCh,
nOCKOJIbKY, COrJIaCHO eHCTBOBaBIllI1M HeCKOJIbKO e-
C.HTI1JIerl1H3aKOHaM, B Cepep;l1He IV B. rJIap;l1aTOpCKl1e
l1rpbI MO)KHO 6bIJIO yC'rpal1BaTb B OIIpep;eJIeHHbIHlIe-
p110 ro;,a 11 I1X npOjOJI)Kl1 reJIbHOCTb He AOJI)KHa 6blJIa
npeBbIlllaTb jeC.HTl1 p;Hei1. ,lI,BYMJI BeKaMI1 paHblue
I1rpbI MOrJII1 ,lVII1ThC.H MeC.HqaMI1 11 B HI1X yqacTBoBa-
JIl1 TbIC.Hql1 rJIa,l];l1aTOpOB. ConOCTaBHB 3TH T\I1CPPbI, Mbl
BI1,l];I1M HeOTBpaTl1MOCTb l1 Heo6paTHMOCTb HacTynl1B-
lllero Kpl13l1Ca. XOT.H cpl1rypa rJIap,l1aTOpa elQe He l1C-
l.Je3JIa OKOHl.JaTeJIbHO. Pl1MCKl1H nana ,lI,aMaCI1H, CJIeffi'.H
P;OBOJIbHO pacnpOCTpaHeHHOMY 06bIQalO BbIClllero 06-
"'\ .
.\
1 I'
I
'" - .. '\
'O; o., o.
-
o<P,
-.
-
.'
: il I f " : j;J- \' I 'L ' !,"l . lrtT;' "..:f.\'..-; .' .
I ft. I;'!'!'" I 'i# J/ "- 'i:' 'L.rifftpl r.bz,j", ,'f' -.f 1f/- .i!: .
..; lift\j] , ,tlJ.' ../{.\:t '. '7;: . .' l . (!;- ". : :..1, ' . .;' c. \
' ,\l\ f1, dnlf !'. .L" it <-w,: . \\I.. J '. 1')-1,..t' } "
\<!t r'!f.k '!J!J/l,\;\ m.-( ,t ,II'" it .'o:1".c!: ... ,- ('1 ':i.." ,i-i' .'"
\;HP.ffl "",,;-- '.' .KI¥W:A 1i\M''- }!t!,Ti!\;-, >.' " - .
tij W 'f/;":< " . -, ,k}j& I) f' lP" _ c .- , ' .:' !
. r' I . ": f:!. m ' '.\ '<- n', 11' .(" ,. r:-_-'
11',.1 ,j' "I;. I !W 'J' ,...<
, ': ' (. r .' , . ,t'(: . )fi, 01 !I: , \<.' __ , -"
.\ ! ,,,. - =I1J:?1 '>-.,';! -::i-rl \ · . .
.illR. i) '}" . tt\" J ,' ,. ; . -", ''1
.1rl:\," \ , J;},,:r.,V .' , '. J
!':iilrll' . t. J I \ on}, 'Xr.b . ..... 'i 'if - ' '" .
. ';IJ-'' , .". :,' , .,'-' t.!t;j*: , ,.... '.' '-,
; ,.t ,. I' " I " I"" . --"::[' '
tt . ''N . . , ';'1f - " 'fri ' 1 ' ( '''r -, ..-' _: %-.:.--=- ,. -\1
-:: ',",; j . ', Q,', I ' . ',1 6)f)!hll.... ...J $1' .>: , .- c':' kS ""\' l
l/j;, . J ' . : " (--r . ..:wtI", ,S'!. . r-" --,"n t \:'
t", . .' r'* ' ".. .' ",,",' " ' l'' . t-';'= .t' -;<..... -< . _
;" ' , "fj[d/: _ J 't! \ \t;: i-;\ 'I: ':' --:;r, ,I c;.:a.,.. ri.;:.
.'h'.... ,';1.'IFz<') - t".\:' :\W' "'), r'.:4.!::.; --!--;--:C).
" ,.,.. __i*i7t.. I, , '0' , ft'! ,'- \ ','; rnJl r. Jf , ';;. T'[": ---C_.' -_;':'., .
IPJ', fj' ..,,;/ Wlt ("}.1 ,I........ -'f-i'" _. "
', . ! ' t{tirkf?? . ) _ Pl.:t.i' ii -",' - , ,\. ;!E-' --
..' 7;; J I ' r' ""C; 'toe \ \J:/ :' .r:, .
. (..' '" ..v 'f-" \l ,(/ I,}f .. ';',: . '\: e
.'..\W( , ",':i. ; A :'\ 15: .' , I " . :'= . - , ' _ . ' ; 'i . . . i' :. ," ., ,\ , .
, -:_<' +,,1'11 J.: I"rf."- M", "."!)-:-;;" '" ' _:_.
, ' ... .:! -...:.. ,.-/8 :k1tr, ',':::-- " !tI ", r
,., i .,
3AKAT fJlAJ]V1ATOPCKV1X V1fP
CJIcna. \IOHOZpa./ff.Jfa !{Oll-
(mallmUHO, Zdf U300pO.J/{f1llJ1
ZpfltfCKue 6YK8b1 Chi (K{J}{ JlO-
JIll/II(J{{/J! 6)'JifJfI X) II Rho (110-
XOJ/{O H{/ 7{/mltJ/('KY}O 6..'VK6)1 P)
U3 CJl060 XpUC1JlOC (Christos)
B dal!l/oM (Jl)"/af JJJlO IJOCOllf/-
1I(}(UlfHlI{/Jl !ppf('Ka P{/JlllfX-
PUOJlUOH(KOZO 6all1JlllOllepUJl
fJ l{(Hfl/e (1 V fJ.)
BHI13Y. (/JpazMfHm M03011-
KU [' 1I300paJl{f1tlleA1 )'OfZOIO-
lI{fZO pal/eHOZO zJloduafl/opfl.
(PUM, FOJlfpfJl EOpZf3f)
I fa c. 112. ,l(epf6Jlllllhlit
.JlaKe1Jl KOJlU3eJl fJ pa3pf3e,
KopJlo JIYKoHd.7/(eJlU U lloOJlo
j(aJI60l/o (PlIM, apxufJ Apxe-
OJlOZUllfO(OZO dfllaplll{/AlfH1Jlf/
PUMa). 31Jl0 CO.Mb/it U3fJfC1Jl-
Hhlli .Jftll{f1Jl aM!pulllfolllpO,
l/ad KOIlIOPhI.M Jl)I1{{/J/d.J/(f-
JlU paoomaJl OO.lIff rJfJodl{o-
Jllli rJfJ)IXJlem, c 1790 no 18122.
(zod fZO (MfplllU). J/O}{flll OUJl
301W1tlffH fJ 18152. fZO 3Jl1JlfM
l!aoJlO ,l(aJloolto COfJMfO/ll/O
c rJpYZII.MII AtaO/lfJH/Mlt
-
113
.
CnpaBa. JIJl1llh «)'rpl(fHHh/X»
J{OJl()ltll, cO:x.P{/1/1I8UIlIXrJlIl3
160, pflllPP lJ'll{fYIJI(J{)(I{l(J-
/Ill/X; J( Hli,lf l{pf1lllJlrJl 1llfl/m
KO.i71J3PJl
BIIH3Y, en paBa. OnopHhlP
KpOlIlIl1JlpiiHhI 8 {/1ll1llliKP
B1I113Y. Pl/lJIJIOK {/./UrPlIlJlf-
ampa (/)ll{/BlIPB B pa3pe3P.
1I Jl.i1l0l'JI! P lip)' 10 lI{1t it (li Oil f.Jt)'
lJIeJIJ}/{/, h'()/IlOPhlii OX(J{/IIIh/(J{UI
n.lloll/adh 24 000 KB..M. flJlu-
HliZi C006ll/{/eJJl tflaJ{}I(f, lfmo
o6h1 ' /l/tlJ! f/tlp)/oJl/a, 1I010Jlh30-
(J{/HlItlJl 8Hfl t tflJle, l103J1Ce 6uJl{/
3a.MPHfHa /fa 60JlPe JleZK)'1O
Ih/fJ/II)'IO JI!/{{/I/h
c:..)
':,>
",,)
,
(:"
-
114
. 'i".
. ,; t
'\ ; '" 'l I.
, .t:l
t, . :, , ' ,.,t
".. .
. l'<
.
.....11"
!",-If
'..1, ....... ' ,
---
...
-
.'
---1\ ..",
- \ :', 'I l - I} . --' .-,-'
... '.- --c' ,
.....:..-.:..
--
"'.
--
- -:--- --- -.-:...:;:,:<....-': -=::.:.., , -:
. --'..;.. -'. . ':: ....;:..-=:. ".:1:...:;.£._ '::..;-.::;:. ..
' :::'::_' -:-----
. ":""
llJ,eCTBa CBOeH 31IOXI1, B 367 r. B CBOIO JII14HYIO oxpaHY
HaHJIJI rJIap;l1aTOpOB. 0 npOBe,n;CHl1l1 rJIap;l1aTOpCKl1X
l1rp B MI1JIaHC B KOHQe IV B. CBI1[J;CTeJIbCTBYCT 11 CB.
AMBpocri1.
rJIa;:J;HaTopCKHe HrpbI (munera) ce6.H
HCqepnaJIH
AnpeJII1H Cl1MMaK, apl1CTOKpaT 11 JI3bI4HI1K, 113BeCT-
HbIi1 CBOl1Ml1 BhICTYUJIeHI1JIMl1, B KOTOpbIX paTOnaJI 3a
Tepnl1MOCTb K XpI1CTl1aHaM, paCCKa3bIBaeT B CBOI1X
nl1CbMaX 0 Tex TPYP;HOCTHX nop;rOTOBKI1 l1rp 11 orpOM-
HbIX pacxop;ax, C KOTOpbIMI1 OH CTOJIKHYJICJI, 4T06bI
OTnpa3[1.HOBaTb BCTynJIeIIl1e B OJDKHOCTb npeTopa
CBoero CbIHa (401 r.). KaK o6pa30BaHHbIH 4eJIOBeK,
ABpeJIl1H nO)KeJIaJI YCTpOl1Tb TaKl1e I1rphI, QTo6bI
OHl1 BceM l1 Hap;OJIrO 3anOMHI1JII1Cb. ,lI,cHbrl1 Ha pac-
; . "-:::;":-f.":-.;'1-,';-.. t".
I ... '1- , t\; '''' Jr'" ..::t', II, '-
,:, ?i ?f
q', !-
-:' . -,:\ ".
.......
-;, r-.,
" ,; ," ; . '', ; . :'f;.
(:. '..
d; /f- ,' r ' ,:
; ;r-: t, L }tt;",,.---:t;'"
+f,:.. :.. (ji
"0..-,. _
. _ ..':- ":f,;:: ..
'...:;'. t=.-':"'::_::1Jii!-:-.'<
.,"","k .-. it, i · >"
,:0; l:dr;,.: ..;:, ... \y
'.'
. \
.
\ ,-
.
-"",
II
tl
".
.,f;
..' ;:; '
-- :,..:,......
...
"-'
. ..,
-<..-
. :? ' '., ::.....,,'
. _ .. '4"rl. T":,." ... --:t-" J. 7
I ;;?. . - , 9J.&/'C ,
.,;' -:.",:W.l/".;,-
. '..
.
'
::-€
.,.
.::
,0"
-g
". -
, ... ': .
XObI OB He 3KOHOMI1JI 11 OTIIpaBI1JI CBOI1X areHTOB
no DceM I1MIIepI1l1 c06paTb Bce He06xop;I1MOe ,[J,JIJI
npOBep;CHI1JI I:nalIaTOpCKI1X IIrp. B I1CIIaHI111 arCII-
TbI npl106peJII1 JIOlllaleM, B Erl1nTC - KpOK01I1JIOB,
113 MpJIaH;J;1111 npl1Be3JII1 OXOTHI1Qbl1X c06aK, 113,lI,aJI-
l\1aQI1l1 - Mep;Bep;eM. bJlarO;:J.ap.H CBOI1M P;PY)I{eCKl1M
CBJI3JIM npl1 f],BOpe ABpeJII1M CMor a)Ke 3anOJIyql1Tb
01' I1MnepaTOpa,lVlJI I1CnOJIb30BaHI1JI B rJIaI1aTOpCKI1X
l1rpax BaQaTb eBJITb BOeHHOfIJIeHHbIX caKCOHQeB,
JaXBaqeHHbIX B faJIJII1I1. K CO)KaJIeHI1IO, BOeHHOnJIeH-
Hble IIOKOHql1JII1 )KI13Hb caMoy611HCTBOM B IvlaCCOllOM
rrOp.Hp;Ke ,n;o BbIxo,n;a IIa apeHY. ClIMMaKO 6bIJI CTOJIb
OrOpqeH, qTO B CBoe yreIIIeHHe He npeMIIHYJI BcnOM-
Hl1Tb COKpaTa, BbIep)KKe H caMOOTpeqeHI110 KOToporo
HY)KHO HenpeMeHHO CJIeppBaTb (JIUf"lJ.Jl!O X, 46).
r'
I . .
r)
...-
l . \' '."
/,
i
\- l '1
..... ' 'h
,. .. .:..
,".
...
,,n.., -=::
3AKAT rnAD,V1ATOPCKV1X V1rp
Cllcna. 1.Jl!ftIlJl/(J{/J1lp Cnl-
JJ/{l (dpe811l1ii 2. J/edllOJU1H,
(l11O.ZUlfO IlJle.Jf(-JHlI caHJJ/OH08)
80 (j}prllllfllil
13HH3Y. JltlOJ/eHHfl.JlII{lHeJlh
C 1I30Cpr/J/((JIIl/(J.Jt I/{/J/r/()rll()/qe-
20 1I{l 6bl/{{/ lJIlIzpa. IV (I., 6r/-
3l1A/I/{tl j/,.}/(J'HUO b(/('CO. (PU.M,
}{aJlIlJlIO.-7lllioale . JI)'3nt)
c...
-
115
Cnpana./(J/t03e!ft J1.R. Tip-
Hep. KOJll/3flU 8 PIUl1e. (JION(}OH,
EplllJ/allOillli ,"lY3ni)
BIH13Y. ClI,CHKa 6cron
B lI,l--l pKC. J/03tllfh'{/ r-vl 88.,
8 ra!/ir'(7, l)'J/llr
, .. ,.' , .J, ".
. 'It" ',P' . ". ;
. ,. . . '. '.. . ...', .,*,
''>'' ... .- 9'
.... .r ___
-
116
I '\
']I-' ...f,
.. .1....- .. ': -'
'" I. . -I .
'_ J -/0- " r, : , _ J " '_ . '}-
, " . ""t 1 '....r..... i.... ...- -,. ". ... 'i t . "l . ','It
. , . '.. . '" ':.. ", "if"'- Jt . f " . -; J, " '," ..,.
"f' '"",It'1 1 ; \ .' ,;" .......... :'. , . ",, ; _ ""- _, ,_ : . , " : ' . . . : . , . ' , _ " ,
' 1 . ' .;> .. : '- ., \ .... ) \: - " -; '.
.... l ...... - . ...: I r "-::C ,. .. ...... ... - ' . \I
,.:. . '"'..!"4.,. ., '" "'.: ,, \. ; ;;. "::-_k"'L "
I I \f } I . , 'i' . V ' ....: '{ " -';;- 1 -:- - '. ,I ,
, t " L'\' r \ . ' f i f ' . .' '. ,'J;\;' ".r{'\ ..... 1 ];')-",
I I . I) :.- r ;,';" ,\:, .. '-.3"' 'I'., ,\
I,' :,. h 1 r.;,:' ; /--: :1 '1 ; 1' r -" I
. . , '. . r'.... (;-". . 'I' '. ,. . ',. ,-j , I.
"',"-'- .'. I I " '01' r-.. t - "'I" - ..,: '4l:.
. ,N: .." . . . .. :" = . : . t,' .
;;,'- ;' ..
..,., ,
! ... J
, ,
'...1 ' t
MbI He 3HaCM TOl.JHYIO aTY OTMCHbI rJIaf,\l1aTOpC-
KI1X l1rp. B03MO)KHO, OHII COlllJII1 Ha HeT nOCTCIIeHHO,
IIOJIIIOCTblO I1Cl.IcpIIaB ce6.H. B JII060M CJIYl.Jac, cyp,.H no
OTCYTCTBI1IO I1CTO\.fHI1KOB, B IICpBbIC ,n;eC.HTI1JICTI1.H V B.
BbIcTynJIeHI1H fJIa,1I1aTOpOB HC 6bIJIO, I10CTO.HHHO YCT-
pal1BaJIaCb TOJIhKO TpaBJI.H ,[I,l1Kl1X )KI1BOTHhIX. B 523 f.
B KOJIH3CC, Y)KC MaJIonpl1cnoco6JICHHOM H HaqaBlllCM
pa3pYllIaTbC.H, npOHIJIa nOCJICH.H.H 3pCJII11IHa.H OXOTa,
o KOTOpOM B Pl1MC COXpaHl1JII1Cb CBI1p,CTCJIbCTBa. Ew;c
HeCKOJIbKO 3peJII1ll\HbIX OXOT 6bIJIO YCTPOCHO B
VII B. B KOHCTaHTI1HOIIOJIe. JII1TepaTypHble l1C-
T04Hl1KH H npcp,MCTbI H306pa:u1TeJIbHOrO l1C-
KYCCTBa (lIaIIpH-
, '\ "
'':tI t!" "'
: \,,' , j'
. ""'" ,t!i!
I
',. \ /
I." t'"
-:!':
. ,
po .
.1.":."':";a'" .t.'..' It s;... a II. ...6'';''"
dJF -. . 4l J ' .'' " . "II". :\ . I
:.:. ').""", 'J ,,' ,:1 1...
'ir " .:" . - :',i, .' .' _' (. 'fi.f,.
"" . ' ibK".' ,I \{, r. '. -; . .,.J!, '-J! \,.-
! ,''',11' / .', /, ' '. :"... . 'r " . ,
!' .;, !/ J'1, ' I . " \ gi ..\"i 1 01 ' ' 1'. . J \ I
. ,.",' ::m ...,,.. oj. '- ,i' ;p; < , jr'l .'
, .' '. I, ) iLl i 'J1' . <!> . 1 I .. . ,.J ..
r.I ."" . I,;;} /, , ,.d '.,." .'.t!--=
-.F J:' J. . :.J. r , '..
\" . f "'" 'f 1 '.t...,
.... HUT nU .!
{r' . ' .' ,
iI,. ..i( . I. rit.t.. '- ,. "kt >..
",;, - .\8
't \ . ' \. .
() , , I
'" -, .',,' -..... .' \
;:::r" -(' . . ....,. '
" " : '".::. ll',.' ' \:\ . - 'X I', t ',: ,:'
,!' '!,It ' '" .
. . , -:. " . -' . '"
:' .-= -. '
i,; -" )"
"I
"",;
J
1\1ep, CIUIaleHI1 113
CJIOHOBOO KOCTI1,
3aKa3bIBaCM hIC
KOIICYJIaMI1 no
CJIYl.JalO Ilpa3-
HOBaHI1.H CBOC-
fO BCTynJICHI1J:l
B p,OJDKHOCTb),
n03BOJI.HIOT I10f,\-
P06HO Y3HaTb,
KaK IIpOXOI1-
JIl1 3peJIl1IJHble
3AKAT fJlA,D,V1ATOPCKV1X V1fP
OXOTbI B V-VI BB., 11 YCTaHOBI1Tb, l.J fO OHI1 CYllI.eCT-
BeHHO OTJII1LlaJll-1Cb 0'1' 3peJII1ll1.HbIX OXOT IIpC,l1,bIP,Ylll.l1X
CTOJI eTl1 i1.
OT OXOTHIiIKOB AO aKpo6aToB
B nepl10{l; n03Hci1 MMIICpl1H Ha CMeHY 3peJn1I1I-IbIX
OXOT C I1X 6C3)KaJIOCTHhIM MaCCOBblM YHI1l.JTO)J(CHl1eM
)KI1BOTHbIX npI1XOp,.HT 3pCJII1IIa C yqacTl1eM KaHaTO-
XOp,IJ.CB 11 aKp06aToB. ,n;JI.H nop,p,ep)KaHI1.H 3Toro BI1,l1,a
3pCJIl1ll1., BeCbMa 1I0XO)Kl1X Ha HaIIIl1 COBpeMeHHbIC
IJ.l1pKoBhle npe,l1,CTaBJIeHI1J1, npl1,n;YMbIBaIOTCJI HO-
BblC I1rpbI 11 l1rpOBble 3JIeMeHTbI, C03fJ.aIOTC.H HOBbIe
060PYAouaIIl1e H IlpllCIIOC06JleHI1.H. IlaIIpl1Mcp,
(OBPEMEHHOE BO(npO3BEAEHME (06bITfI npoUJnoro
BIIHJY, ClICBa. Jf.JfllJ/l{/lIIlJl
ZJlfldllfl!llOPOWZO rpa.7f('PJllIJI,
80{,llpOIl36prJnIlIOJlII(jl1nll(lI-
1I111/0Il.lOlIlIlllltl.M1I c. /(uhltl-
/flopoalX lIZp (munera)
B.. .,13Y. Ilkol/(I//(J J/(J?1I01l('jU)(/
60 8pP,'J1J1 J/lN1JJlpfl.711306f111-
IIb!,X Ilped('1Il0(jJleIlIlU lItl UOI/O-
jJlIltfOlll(J OO)/((JJIlhl, ()jJ?f/1/l130-
6{IHHhIX (j ..lJlhOflllO-Jlfl11Ilfl.,,7P,
"P06UIIlfIlJl PliAlO
rJlaAaTOpbl CerOAHfl
,.
":, <
, ..' ..
\
H e TOJlbKO pOMaHbl
cpJlbMbl, nOJlb3YIO-
L4ec 60JlbWM ycnexoM y
ny6JlK, 06eCCMepTJl 4a-
PYIOL4 maAaTopCK
Mp. TeaTpaJl30BaHHble
npeACTaBJleH,BOCC03AalO-
L4e CTop4eCKe c06bln1
npOWJloro, B HaweM TpeTbeM
TbIC4eJleT TaK>Ke Haxo-
AT Bce 60JlbWe 60JlbWe
nOCJleAOBaTeJle, >KeJla-
1OL4X eL4e pa3 3a pa30M
"I
nepe>KTb 3MO peT-
ap Jl MpMJlJlOHa.
E>KerOAHO, 06bl4HO B
BeCeHHe-JleTH nepOA
4aL4e Bcero Ha Me>KAY-
HapOAHOM eBponeCKOM
ypOBHe, pa3Jl4Hble Ta-
JlbHCKe HOCTpaHHble
aCC04a4 YCTpaBaIOT
TeaTpaJl30BaHHble maAa-
TopCKe Cpa>KeH, Bocnpo-
3BOA AaBHO MHYBwe
C06bIT co cKPynYJle3HO
T04HOCTblO, 4TO BeCbMa
HTepeCHO C HaY4HO T04-
:c
K 3peH. (JleT JlI06TeJle
:::J
maAaTopCKX Cpa>KeH -
u
3TO BcerAa YAa4Hbl nOBOA .
C1I
eL4e my6>Ke n03HaKOMTbC
u
KaK C caMM cpeHOMeHOM e
munera (maAaTopCKX
rp), BKJlI04alOL4X 6era Ha
KBaAPrax, TaK C 6blTOM
HpaBaM ApeBHepMCKO
4BJl3a4,nonp060BaTb
6JllOAa ApeBHepMCKO
KYXH, nOJlI060BaTbC wec-
TBeM JlerOHepOB Jl >Ke
n06blBaTb Ha CTJl30BaH-
HOM pblHKe pa60B.
C1I
ni
eN .
ru, .
....
o
s:::
ru
..c
«
o
()
.
't .
-
117
.
...,
"
CnpaBa. OxolJ!a. JI03aIlK{{
IV 8. (BILTL70 Ka3aJlf NO llJlO-
l/fadll AP.lU'/Jllllfl, Cltll".,7"Jl)
BHH3Y. FONKlINa h:8aOpllZOX
8lfIlPI{f. Jf306pa)/tflllte lIa
011 (10 jJ I{(' ('Il:J/{{()nlJl .rft{II{('1 0 II 0('-
l{f8. (Epnlla, 1/J'lIlf11IlJ/{Ulh1lhlf>
JU)'3ell UO{)'{"O/l8a U lIClllOpllll)
Ha c. 119, BBepxy. Hnalll
11 epcoN OJ!(, Jl hi maIO U{ lIlicJl
)'hPUlIlhf'JI om AtfldflfdJl
8 YJlHTKe-KOKJlCC. C1UlaOf'Hh
113 Apf0611HOO. CJlOHO(jaJl
KOa/lh, OK. 509 c.; cnpaml,
11(1 /lrprOIlf>.M II. UlIlf - IljJh/.J/r-
Kli r 11If>01l0.+1, (j l..lly6uHf -
lIteOIl C KOP311H{f..JIII; BH H3Y,
(j03.;Jf().J/OIO, IIZPU r !to/OJllr
308aIl1lf>.M «f>}/(f>ii», rKJladnlh
U3 Apf06uHrJO
-
. n1p, ). I-VI
- -.,' -
.T _-. '7-'-i,
.. ..
,
'""
. ' ',1 Jt
_ - I
',4 ,r
-r .. T;
",
..i ..
--"
( ..
, .
-,
\-r
..........
'. it :n
l -II
'" .
.,
.... "J-
...
-
J
-.!.
--.::..........
,
,.,
/
-
118
:. . '- :\: ; --.
'1-'- l- . . fi:...
,- '. .,
-
! .
., .-' \ -: .,:..': .- -" :". ;;', i:" ,.: .\:')
,,1 . 1I,I:\.,; r ,
t;,.." '; "',- " ''' -:.1 .'. \'\-/ . ' ,
" '..... "
. ", . ::,....'
"; '.
..'....
. \..f , ....
..
«
- .
" ,
...... ......
.....
, _.. 4...,\.
.. .:;. ,j .,'l.":c-. io
.. :::
. . <.. .,. .
v.-v.......-" -
. '.' "'. " r:...../.'S - ':-;1i -, ;.
,: '- -<, '":' - ,;/ '::. .1
, .. .:If, { "l' I" ",'
'" :{ ::-:\ j;_ . ::i/_..
7 . I........ -\ If:'... ,.
, '" :.: ; ,. '; . ';' ,\ ' , \ , 8 . ' .. . ; , ..:,. \ ' 1
,--. ,,/... .,r. - ..
_ " . ._.-'-,.. . 4f '. :,"'f" _
........L". i. 1- . --'
..
r
r
l . ..I'
:.. /
.., .- .r!
..';" .
.'
.
, .
. -:.if. '
-?& '
'. ""''':.. .
- .
...;. "
. (
.. ......
-... : , ... .
"
"
... .
... ."' -"'-"",,"''' .'..
YJlllJJ1Ka-KOJ{Jl{/Jt lIpep;CTaBJIJlJIa C060H YCTPOMCTllO
1I1JII1Hpl1qeCKOH cpOpMhl C BpanalOIIMI1CJI BHYT-
pl1 TpCMJI-LICThIpbMJI p;BepHblMI1 cTBopKaMM, 3a
KOTOphlMI1 [IpJITaJICJI y6eraBIIII1H 01' /1,I1KMX 3BepeH
OXOTH11 K. HaXOI1BlllI1HCJI B YJlltlJlJ{f-KOJUlff t.IeJIOBeK
nellIKOM IlepeMellaJIC.H no apeHe, a 06MaHYTbIe
3Bepl1 KPY)KI1JII1 BOKpyr 3TOH KOHCTPYKQI1I1, KaK 31'0
iVIO)KHO YBI1eTb Ha HeKOTopbIX 11306pa)KeHI1.HX. C)'Tb
llphl)f(K08 {' UlfrnlO./14 3aKJIIOl.JaJIaCb B TOM, t.ITO aKp06aT,
I1CfIOJIHI1B HeCKOJIbKO npbI)KKOB, C IIOM0I.l\bIO weCTa
,l],OJDKeH 6bIJI nepenpblI'HYTb l.Jepe3 orOpO)KeHHYIO
IIJIOIIa[I,KY, HaIIOJIHeHIIYIO ,.Tl,I1KlIMI1 )KI1BOTllhIMII.
B I1rpax C I1CIIOJIb30naHI1eM e.J/(eli (3arpa)J(fJ.eIII1H)
aKp06aT npOBOI'HpOBaJI XI1I.l\HI1Ka, a I10TOM CTpeMI1-
TeJIbHO y6eraJI 3a KJIeTb OB3JII>HOH cpOpMbI 113 I1BOBbIX
npYTheB; pa3'bJIpeHHhIH XI1IIHHK I1peCJIell,OBaJI ero,
HaTbIKaJICb Ha nOCTOJIHHO nepep;Bl1raBllleeCJI no BceH
apeHe «e)K» (3arpa)K[I,eHl1e). 1la CKJIa,l],eHJIX 113 CllO-
HOBOH KOCTI1 MbI BI1,l],I1M 11306pa)KeHl1e ee OHOH
I1rpbI, 110, KaK OHa Ha3hI13aJIaCb, HeI13BCCTHO. CYTb
ce TaKOBa: YCTaHaBJII1BaJICJI weCT, l.Jepe3 cIIeql1aJI b-
Hoe IIpI1Clloc06JIeHI1C-WKI1B npOTJIrl1BallC.H KallaT,
K KOTOPOMY C o6cI1x CTOpOH npI1KpCnJI.HJII1Cb KOp311-
HbI; aKpo6aThI CaI1JII1Ch B KOp311HbI 11, nepeTJIrl1BaJI
Ha ce6JI KaHaT, nOHI1M3JIM I1 onYCKaJII1 TO O,l],HY, TO
)J,pyrylO KOP3I1HY, YXO[I,JI TaKI1M 06pa30M 01' aTaK )1(11-
3AKAT fJlAQV1ATOPCKV1X V1fP
HOBbiE MrPbl VI B.
nOKa3aTeJlbHbie rMHaCn14eCKe BblcrynJleHfI Ha apeHe
yn pa>K-
HeH,
KOTopble
6blJl B MO-
Ae Ha ape-
He B VI B.,
oncaJl
u.apb Te-
OAOPX,
no npo-
CXO>KAeHKJ 3 rOTOB,
npaBBW B lI1TaJl C
493 no 526 r. 8 523 r. OH
oTnpaBJl nCbMO AHCKJ
MaccMo, maBe
ropoAa p Ma, B
KOTOpOM ncaJl:
«[8 ynumKe-KoK-
nee] - YKPbIT,
neperOpO>KeHHOM
Ha 4eTbipe 4aCT,
np4eTc APyro
4eJlOBeK, no-
XO>Ke, 4TO, JlerKO
O CHOB-
Hble
rpbl
rMHac-
T4eCKe
BpaLltaH KOJleCa,
OH He y6eraeT OT
npeCJleAOBaTeJl,
a caM ero npeCJle-
AyeT. BHYTP 3TO
KOHCTPYKU. np-
4yLltC npca-
<; ..)!r .:f
\ { '," , . 11' . "& r
. \ !. \.., t
";- t. '.- '" f '
b :" i.. t;' Ii; I
';' \ > ':. \ V ' ,/')
,. ('. '.." ''' I,
. , .(I,
;;\
t ' . ' . > '
\ ' , \,
" (.. ,
\,' l'
. .
-
.. .
,'-'; \ 'j',-'
\ }'..
. '\
, .... . ." , "
. I
'J,'"
,-' I
,
>K BaeTC
Ha KOJleH,
KorAa
KorTC-
Tble Jlanbl
MeABeA
HaBCaKJT
HaA HM».
«E>K», APY-
roe np-
cnoc06Jle-
He, 4aCTO
CnOJlb-
3yeMoe BO
BpeM 3pe-
JlLltHbIX OXOT, oncaH TaK:
«Apyro Y4aCTHK 6blCTpO
np4eTC OT XLltHbIX >K-
BOTHblX 3a nepeHOCHO
TpOCTHKOBO
CTeHO. KaK e>K,
CBopa4BaKJ-
Llt Cfl KJly604-
KOM, TaK 3TOT
np4eTC 3a 3T-
M CTeHKaM...
1I1 T04HO TaK >Ke,
KaK e>K, CBepHYB-
w Cb KJly6KOM,
BblCTaBJlfleT
CBO rOJlK, TaK
3TOT, OKPY-
>KeHHbl JlerKO
peweT4aTO
KOHCTPYKu.e,
COCTOfl Llte 3
coeAHeHHbiX Me>KAY c060
TpOCTHKOBbIX npYTbeB,
CTaHOBTC HeY3BMbIM».
A BOT KaK TeoAopx on-
CblBaeT npbl)l{KU c wecmOM:
«nepBbl [aTJleT], onpacb
Ha r6K weCT, npblraeT
HaBcTpe4Y (B nacTb) >K-
BOTHbIM; Ka>KeTC, 4TO
MeHHO B naCTb >KBOTHbIM
OH X04eT nonaCTb, XOT
Ha caMOM AeJle MeHHO 3TO-
ro eMY He X04eTCfl. XHK
>KepTBa YCTpeMJl KJTC
APyr K APyry. nOAHB-
WCb BBblCb B npbl>KKe,
. ' ;:- _I I
f:; . . _I .,;:;c- " :;""; :¥" ..
::"'. .'.,:"'.," ::, "'h''."
. ;- ., -- . I . j... 'f;>. '.
- . J r './1;' ':'J
": . - . :... . .... .::Y
,'\it -.- -." .;: f'",,-...,.I- .
. .;< ,.. -. 'J ::- ;
.t, -' ,. {..q .
\ W f . . '. --,- .:', ,
":.J.. _ .. '" II . .l
aTJleT pa3BOpa4BaeT Bce
TellO nJlOWM naAaeT Ha
>KBOTHOe, HaKpblBa ero
CBOM TeJlOM, KaK apKa.
}f{ BOTHoe 3aMeAJleT 6er...
nOJlY4aeTCfl, 4TO MaHeB-
peHHOCTb aTJleTa Kypa>K
HaA >KBOTHbIM Bbl3blBaKJT
60JlbWee YABJleHe, 4eM
aTaK, npeAnpHflTble ca-
MM 3BepeM».
-
119
BII11:lY. JI. RnlJUlfl{', fI(/mop
ucmOpUtteC1{OZO POJJ10HO b'fH Yp
J Ill;'KC. I hrpo df.ll.Ila C/Jpall-
ttf{'1{{1 (1422-1492). CB.
ABrycTHH. (JluCfll6oH,
11t1l/1I0//(I.Ilhllhlli JIl)'3(Jli
{flllllllllllOZO 1I{'1{J'{'-
(mea)
'\
CBMAETEnbCTBA CB. ABrYCTMHA
BOTHbIX, aTe, ,lJ,e30pl1eHTl1pOBaHHble, HI1KaK He Mor-
JIll YXBaTI1Tb t06bIYY.
OOp,06HbIH BI1,lJ, 3peJII1 - IIOCJlep,HI1H Tl1n 3pe-
JII1 ,lJ,pCBHCpI1MCKOrO IIepI10p,a, npHWe,lJ,WI1H lIa
CMeHY rrepl10jl;Y rrpoBeleHI1JI l'JIa)J,l1aTOpCKI1X Hrp
(nzunus). 3a ceMb BeKOB I1CTOpl111 pl1MCKI1H Mllp
cynecTBeHHO 113MeHJ1JIC.H, CMeHI1JIJ1Cb o6ne-
CTBeHHhIe cpopMaQI1I1, KYJIbTypa, 3KOHOMI1-
Ka, 11 fJIa)J,l1aTOpCKl1e I1fpbI, pO)J{eHHbIe
npJ1 nOKpOBI1TeJIbCTBe I1MnepaTopOB PJ1M-
CKOi1 QI1BI1JII13aQI111 KaK pe3YJlbTaT nOJIJ1TI1-
yeCKOrO COnepHl1yeCTBa 11 KaK IIOp,p,ep)l{Ka
I1MnepaTopCKOH BJIaCTI1 co CTOpOHbI HapO,lJ,a
OKa3aJIHCb HeHY)l{HbIMI1 B Ml1pe, fp,e He CYll\CCT-
4apYIOafl cJla rJJaAaTopcKX rp
B bICKa3bIBaHlt1f1
CB. ABrYCTlt1Ha
(354 -430)
B VIII KH lt1 re
ero UcnoBe-
au OCTaK>TCfI
CaMbIMlt1 Tpe-
BO>KH bl M lt1 lt1 rJ1Y-
60Klt1M lt1 no no-
BOAY np04ecca
MOpaJ1bHOrO
0Aw.laHlt1f1 lt1 OTY-
neHlt1f1 BO BpeMfi
nplt1CYTcTBlt1f1 Ha
maAlt1aTOpCKlt1X
lt1rpax '-IeJ10BeKa, lt1HO pa3
nYCTb lt1 TaKoro BOCnlt1TaH-
Horo lt1 '-IYBcTBlt1TeJ1bHOrO,
KaK repo ero paCCKa3a
, ,-
, 'It
. I
. I
-
120
q
"
AJ1lt1nlt1,BTOpoe
R (alter ego)
ABrycTlt1Ha. On lt1-
CblBafi nplt1 Blt1Ae
Toro 3peJ1lt1a
Clt1J1bHOe B036Y>K-
,
I'j AeHlt1e AJ1lt1nlt1f1,
.L
\ HanOMlt1HaK>erO
HeyeMHYK> CTpaCTb
lt1 nJ1 OTC KYK>
'-IYBCTBeHHOCTb,
lt1cn blTaH H ble lt1 M
TOJ1bKO B K>HOWeC-
TBe, ABrycTlt1H KaK
6bl XO'-leT CKa3aTb,
'-ITO MarHeTlt13M lt1rp, nOXO>Ke,
06J1aAaJ1Cnoc06HOCTbK>
OKOJ1AOBaTb lt1 C6lt1Tb C TOJ1KY
Aa>Ke Xplt1CTlt1aHcKYK> AYWY:
...>
"'- \
I' .
:,:
"
«He lt1Mefi HaMepeHlt1f1 OTKa-
3aTbCfI OT Mlt1pCKO pOCKOW-
HO Kapbepbl, yroToBaHHo
eMY pOAlt1TeJ1f1Mlt1, AJ1lt1nlt1
paHbwe MeHfI OTnpaBlt1J1-
CfI B Plt1M, '-IT06bl lt13Y'-IaTb
npaBo, lt1 TaM, B Plt1Me, caM
Toro He O>Klt1Aafl, npOHlt1KCfI
HeyeMHo cTpaCTbK> K rJ1a-
Alt1aTOpCKlt1M lt1rpaM. CHa'-laJ1a
OH lt1CnblTbIBaJ1 K Hlt1M OT-
BpaeH lt1e lt1 HeHaBlt1CTb...
Ho OAHa>KAbl AJ1lt1nlt1
CJ1Y'-IaHO HaTOJ1KHYJ1CfI Ha
B03BpaaBWlt1XCfI C 06eAa
CBOlt1X APY3e lt1 TOBaplt1e
no Y'-Ie6e, lt1 Te nOTalt1-
J1lt1 ero, KaK OH He yn lt1paJ1CfI
APY>KeCKlt1M HaCTO'-Ilt1BbIM
3AKA T fJl AD, V1 A TOPCKV1X V1fP
BOBaJIO 60JIblIle HI1 rOpO,lJ;-
CKOrO nJIe6ca, HI1 3HaTH,
3al1HTCpeCOnaHHOli npl1-
6CI'aTb K 3peJII1IJJ,aM KaK K
\ Cpep,CTllY llOJII1TI1 L ICCKOI'O
KOIITpOJI.H. KaK IlI11I1eT
cn. AnrYCTI1H B /f(lloeedlt, OqeHh CKOpO CTpaCTb, TOJI-
KaBIUaJI JIIO/l;eH Ha6JIIO/l;aTb 3a Cpa)J{eIll1eM rJIa/l;113TO-
pOB, CTaHeT CQJ1TaTbCJI «3BepI1HbIM HaCJIaeHl1eM».
K 3TOMY CTOI1T ,lJ;06aBI1Tb I1 B03pOClIleeCJI HaKa3aHl1e
B BI1,[\e MOpaJIbHOrO OCY)l{,[\eHI1.H lJ,epKOBbfO. lJ,ep-
KOBb, HeKorp,a KpOBaBaJI )l{epTBa rJIa,[\l1aTOpCKI1X
I1rp, nOCTOp)KeCTBOBaJIa Hap, HI1MI1, CIIoco6cTBYJI I1X
3an pCIl\eHI1IO.
\ -,
Cllcna. 10. rpl/lOpOOlitl
COOA1fY1nIlO (' p,}f(lir(pOM
R. ,L(f'p6ellNJUAl rHJlJI !fIU/hM
o ZJ/arJlIfllIlopax CllapTaK
CIIpaBa. I: Cl'HKl'BlJlf, {/8JJlOP
POA1tIl/fl l{aMo rpJI;\ClIIlI?
BIIH3Y. If. Ol'JlJlU C/JpoHtlerKo.
Cu. AurycTHII, !fpazMf'IIJJl.
(Apf'IIIIO, 1(f'pKooh Co. C/Jpall-
'1(,KO)
..:.'!-,...., -,. ..,'. , . .,'
. "41" . t. -
"- - - . .' . -
,'; ":t\" ..>..Q, ,":
'
,J, \ .'
'1i ' '", \
,:1
'it\. ';.
. .' t
> .
',,:. \'
'to ...... -- t"
yroBopaM, B aMcplt1TeaTp. 3TO
6blJ1 OAlt1H lt13 AHe, KpOBa-
BblX lt1 3J10AeCKlt1X 3peJ1lt1.
OH nOCTOHHHO TBepAlt1J1
lt1M: «B03MO>KHO, '-ITO, nOA-
TaJ1Klt1BaH MeHH lt1ATlt1 TYAa
lt1 BbIHY>KAaH MOe TeJ10 nplt1-
CYTCTBOBaTb B TOM MeCTe,
Bbl AYMaeTe, '-ITO lt1 MOlt1 rJ1a3a,
MOH Aywa 6YAYT nplt1CYTC-
TBOBaTb TaM?» [...] KorAa
>Ke OHlt1 AOWJ1lt1lt1 Aa>Ke Ha-
WJ1lt1 MeCTa, '-IT06bl ceCTb, Bce
BOKpyr Y>Ke 6blJ10 npOnlt1TaHO
«cBepX'-IeJ10Be'-leCKO cTpac-
TbK>)). AJ1lt1n lt1 3aKpblJ1 rJ1a3a
lt1 3anpeTlt1J1 cBoe Aywe
Y'-IaCTBOBaTb B TOM Y>Kace.
3aTKHYTb 6bl ee nJ10THee
YWlt1! B KaKO-TO MOMeHT
Cpa>KeHlt1 HeBepOHTHbl
BOnJ1b TOJ1nbl 3aCTaBlt1J1 ero
COAPorHYTbCH: J1K>60nbITCTBO
B3HJ10 Bepx lt1, peWlt1B, '-ITO 6bl
Hlt1 np0lt130WllO, npOAOJ1>KaTb
npe3lt1paTb lt1 He 06paaTb
BHlt1MaHlt1e Ha YBlt1AeHHOe, OH
OTKpblJ1 rJ1a3a... AyweBHaH
paHa, nOJ1Y'-IeHHaH lt1 M B 3TOT
Mlt1r, OKa3aJ1aCb TH>KeJ1ee paH
maAlt1aTopa. [...] CMOTpeTb
Ha TY KpOBb, ynlt1BaTbCH >Kec-
TOKOCTbK> - 3TO 6blllO ee
He TO... OH He CMor OTBec-
Tlt1 CBO B30p, MaJ10 Toro, OH
nplt1CTaJ1bHO BCMaTplt1BaJ1CH
B TO, '-ITO np0lt1CXOAlt1J10;
caM Toro He 3aMe'-laH, onb-
''''.
.4', .
- -
--.
r
1.f... .
\:
{
,
: .J
,
..
, ,
,
HHeHHbl KpOBO>KaAHbIM
HaCJ1a>KAeHlt1eM, OH nplt1weJ1
B 6eweHCTBO lt1 BOWeJ1 BO
BKYC TO KpOBaBO 6lt1TBbl.
3TO 6blJ1 Y>Ke He TOT '-IeJ10-
BeK, KOTOpbl nplt1weJ1, HO
OAlt1H lt13 '-IepH lt1, nJ1e6ca,
6J1arOAapHbl C006Hlt1K
Tex, KTO ero nplt1BeJ1. 4TO
ee? OH nOCMOTpeJ1, no-
Kplt1'-1aJ1, nplt1weJ1 B BocTopr,
yweJ1. Ero J1lt1xOpaAlt1J10 TaK,
'-ITO OH onHTb nOweJ1 TYAa,
Y>Ke 6e3 Tex, KTO nplt1Talt111
ero, a C TeMlt1, Koro Y>Ke OH
caM nplt1BeJ1».
-
121
KAPTA npOBEDEHV151 V1fP B PV1MCKOC1 V1MnEPV1V1
.
Isurium
'\; Venta SiLurum
Isea SiL,um eCorinium j
.CaLleva Atrebatum
c::: EYrnoaria. '. \::"" Rutupiae
Regrium
G ...
eson cum
.Samarobriva
I
I
. Vetera
OCEANUS
GERMANIA
. ToLetum
Augustomagus .Durocortorum Mogontiacum
. ..
Suindinum. Augusta Treverorum
. Cenabum Agedincum -
IU110 agus. .. Divodurum Mediomatricorum
Caesarodunum. .Autessiodurum Carnutum
A ..
Limonum. vancum
Auqustodunum Vindonissa .
MedioLanum .. · S b t "
. Augustoritum VesontlO . Avent1cum car an 1a
Santonuf'.1 . ·
(\'\ Lugdunum Octodurus . Flavia SOLva y .
B d" L .Vesunna . · Augusta Praetona ·
ur 19 a Divona Vienna. "' Augusta Taurinorum Verona
. .Segodunum pOLLent1a .MedioLan---/.." ,
Aginnum. " Dea. Segusio. erceLlae _ Aql1Le1a Savana
. ToLosa ArauslO . . VeLleia .',PatavlUm'"
Lugdunum Convenarum. Nemausus. .Apa h Liba.rna. ) · Q1a SaLonae
. AreLate. Iul1a / Parma . ' ..
CaLagurris- Baeterrae '--- Forum IuL CemeneL m ALb . 1-..
(-----.....--- m 9 au n u m
Tarra:"';J Bagie% v S
c5?
Saguntum. ( I
C? Forum Traiam n . . tma TarentUi
?- Paestum. _.
MAR E U!:J aLes G,umentu V . L--
Thuburbo Minus f""U'1 Thermae
- - . _______ " l .---J
Caesarea Tipasa . Ru}]ca \ .Utica C rth " C t
· S . " tth -.--- a ago a ana
. 1m1 u .....-- .IC" . "-
C1rta. .. .. .arp1 ,Syracusae
Thuburbo Maius . Pupput
Lambaesis. Thugga Thibari... -.Hadrumetum. .
Theveste.' . -- Lept1s Mmor
GemeLlae. SufetuLa.\. AThapsus
Mactans r Thysdrus
S b t .'............ Leptis Magna
araa _
ATLANTIC US
.-1
· Emerita
AMTeaTpbl, CTaAOHbl
nnOAPOMbl PMCKO Mnep
. AMqH1TeaTp AJlfl rJlaA!.1aTOpCK!.1X Cpa}!{eH!.1
!.1 BbICTynJleH!.1 c }!{!.1BOTHbIM!.1.
. !.1pK AJlfl JlOWaA!.1HbIX 6eroB !.1 3peJl!.1L4HO
OXOTbl Ha }!{!.1BOTHbIX
o CTaA!.10Hbl AJlfl aTJleT!.14eCK!.1X COCTfl3aH!.1
Ho Kopme OmMe'-leHbl Mecmo, zae COXPOHU-
J/UCb UJ/U ocmOJ/UCb BUaUMble CJ/eabl
cmpoeHuiJ aJ/R npOBeaeHUR uzp.
GAETULIA
-
122
.,--- . Porolissum
Aquincum
Philipgopolis
\ :s:tinoPOliS
) . Cyzicus
upJae c:2 0 0 .Pessinus
C\ "' Aezani
0 0 Q A () Pergamum
oQQ AegaeO
Olympia DeLphi "\ Q, 0 E h l oSardes
\), . 0 ",,, .P esuso .
n SlCy.Qn "'::> AthtL nae Magneia Qaodlcea Sel g e
\) De C'O::" p'(lene<h 0 Heraclea 0
L c. ( OEPidaurufO Mileius . '0 . 0 () ()Aspendus
y a (a O 'Nemea 0 0 Dlos a 6 us c::: Cibyra t Perge "-
( CSorinthus (10 () (} ............... TermessOs
\; Aphrodisias d
Messene 0 V
"'Hierapytna
IJortyna
Brigetio
__ Epidaurus
,'
"
,
A '. .
nmmlJm -
--. Ancona
\
. RiClna
Urbs Salvia. \ .
Asisium . . · irmum
. Hispellum Fa le ri 0\
· Mevania . Ascu\um A D R I A TIC U M
Volsinii . . Spoletium \
Carsulae. . Interamnia
.Interamna Nahars
Ocriculum. . Reate . Amiternum
. Falerii
. Florentia
.Arretium
MARE
· Volterrae
Q D
.
Sutrium
. Trebula Mutuesca
. Alba Fucens
.
Marruvium
. Sarmizegetusa
ROMA . · Tibur
'. . Tusculum
Bovlllae 'Albanum
"\ :::;.. A . .. Casinum
qumum
Tarratina __ Suessa
v- Minturnae. · . c l . Telesia
" a es
pua. . Abella .Aeclanum .
. V .
Cumae Nola enUSla
Puteolt . Pompeii
J
.
, I
.
Canusium
PONTUS
EUXINUS
.Comana
,.Anazarbus
.Antiochia
. Bostra
.
Gerasa
Dura-Europos.
INTERNUM
Ptolemais
.---.
Cyrene
ARABIA
-
123
I1MeHHoH YKa3aTeJIb
A
ABrycT, EIHIOJlHH I c3apb
OKTanHaH 19, 23, 26, 33, 45,
51,52, 53,59, 6H, 77,0,H9,
91, 123
CB. AnrycTHH 120, 121
ArpHlllw, ,lapK BHIICalll1i't 53
A,'umall, Ily6J1Hii 3JIHii 28, 62,
68, 123
ArWpHX 112
AJIT\la 1l1/eMa, JIoypeHc 8H,
106, 107
AMa:JOII Ka 102
AIIpOKJI 91
AnHIIHH, alter ego ABryeTI1Ha,
Cn. AI\1npocl1iI114
AIITHOX 3nHcpallcKHH 18
AHTOHHH I1HH, TI1T 3]II1M pH-
all 62, 69
AIIIH-fall 24
Apeo6HHp' 118
Arclldi 8, 14
Arn1Jla, tvlapK 94
AxI1JIJlHJI 102
6
baJlOO, JIY40 KOPIlC]II1H 50
l;acco, )KYIIHO 115
BaTHaryc, JICHTYJI 24
bCH Yp, l1ya 106, 120
I>JlaIl:lI I1:l 100, 101, 123
hJIaCeTTH, Aneccallp'po 107
BJIay, )f{all 79
l>pcIIIIa, ThlllllCIII\O 63, 70
Epyr, ,!J,CC51Tblf,1 4
IJpYT, lapK 14
B
Baik, I CpOCpT 107
BaJlbrHM, faii J{BHIITHH 45
BaJIeHTe, eII1M JIYKpeL\I1M
(OTCL\) 77
-
124
BaJICIITC, ,lCII1M )IYKpclltM
(Cblll) 77
BCMJIJlaC, JlblO 106, 120
13alllll1, I h1 KOJW 75
BapaBna 107
BeCnaCl1aH, l11T <D]]aBI1M 40,
59, 123
Bai'tJlep, YI1J1b511\1 10£)
BaMcMaH,III1KoJlacII.I06
BI1'l'CJIJII1M, _\8JI 40, 90, 123
r
E11ICII 32, 33
raJIJlHCII, Oy6JII1i1 JII1L\HIIHM
3rHaL\I1M 110
ElIIIIH6aJI 25
rBaIIOIIH, 3Hpl1KO 107
reKaTa 26
nJlJI H ii 91
reH3epHx 112
I cTa, JlYL\I1M CenTI1MI1M 106, 107
XI1JWPYc 94
ropaqHM 29
Iop,J,HaIl I, l\lapK AHTOI-Il1M Cel'\l-
IIpOlIl1M 105
rpHropHrl Ha3HaH3HH 82
IpllropoBlIll, lOpHMI07, 121
nl6cp .lIt-I>. 76
A
/1,aJI601l0, llaOJIO 113
aMaco 113, 123
!aBcc, ,ll,CJIMep 107
/1,cp6cllcn, Ba/I1M 107,121
)KepOM, )f{aH-JIeoH 38, 39, 87,
H9, 105, lOb, 107, 110
/1,1I0KJICTl1an, Elj:1 ABpCJII1M Ba-
Jlepl1M 109
HOIl Kacclli,i 51, 53, 100
/1,oMI1I\Hall, THT cDJlaBliH 21, 39,
59,65,100,102,123
,lI,ynwc, Kl1pK 25
E
EBCCBI1CM 100
}f{
)-J{aKOIlo, JIaypo 63
3
30CHM:l 112
M
Jl[III10JllIT 111,123
Jl[CI1/WP CeBHJIbCKHH 8, 37
K
Ka.III1rYJla, rlIMIOJIHMlJ,e3apb
39,54,55,56
KaJIbnypllHH CUKYJ10 58, 59
KaMY44I1HH, BHH4eHL\O 48
Kap, t\lapK ABpcJIlIMI0H
KapaKaJI.na, l\1apK AnpeJIHH AH-
TOIlI1I1 106, 107
KapKoIIIIIIO, )KCPOl\t 7
KapHn, \lapK Anpe.rmj:( 108
KJlaBI1i156, 57,123
I{OJIOMOO 9
KOMT\1Ol, JIYL\HH AnpeJIlIH Bep
62,63,65,66,70,71,72,
99, 107
KOHcTaIiTHII, cDJ1aBlIi't BaJICpnH
63, 109, 110, 113
J{OPll/OIl 58
Kpacc, /lapK )hllIIHIIH 25
Kpl1neJIJIH, 'Ia/lJco, 34
J{PI1CC 25
Ky6p11K, CT3HJIH 25, 107
KYPHOH, laM CKpH60Hl10 50
n
)laMllaHj:1 11
JI anpeOJI 86
JIeHTYJI, KOpHeJlHM 20
JIcnH,J" lapK 3Ml1JII1H 15
V1MEHHO YKA3ATEJ1b
JICllI1Il, Ballepl1i.i 15
JIuBI1H 14, 16,29,47
JloTapb 45
JIYKall/_pKcnu, KaplIO 113
M
larcpl1Yc 84, 85
Ia3ya <DpaHcya 59
.tapK ABpenl1H AHTOHI1H 26, 40,
62,63,69,70,72,75,100,
107, 123
rvlapKc, Kapn 24
lapllclviO 50, 51
lapI\llall 62, 82, 83, 86, R7
.taCCI1MO, AHl1CHH 119
IacClnw, BaJICpl1H 14, 40
laCCI1\lO 97
leHI1H, laH15
;ICpH:\Hi'I, ,lI,cc.nTLIM rvlaccHMo
107
H
HepoH, TH6epHM KnaB/\I1H21, 57,
59,77,81,87,98,100,123
IleTTH, <DpalflIccKo 7
HI16J10, <1>pe,T.\ 106
III1KKOJII1HI1, <1>aycTo 47,67
I h-IKOJlaI1 ,lI,al\taccKI111 8
Ho6l1nl1ope, l'vlapK <1>YJlbBI1H 19
o
OBI1J,\I1H 99
OKTal3l1a1l ot. ABrycT
OJIl1l3be, JIopeHc 2S
OHOpl1i1, <1>JIaBHH 112
OTOll, ,IapK CaJIL13Hi'1 40
n
I la13C1I, JIYl\Hii 3]'vll1Jlltill 5
nepa, Gpyr 14
I leTpal1'1' 81
IIcTpOIluii, rai1 I IeTpOllHii .\p-
6l1Tp 29, 81, 98
OJll1IIl1rl CTapllll1i't 1 LJ, 4, 4LJ,
SO, 51, 114
n.:l0Tl1 Ha 69
I LTIYTapx 17, 34
lloJIH6l1M 77
Ilol\wci.i larIlYc, I hCM 48, 4'), 50
nopurl 98
I IOPl\I1H, l'vlapK 45
IIOTHII 100
n pI1CKO, 'TIlpKRHIll1H 20
I Ipo6, 1\lapK ARpeJIHH 63
II PY;I.CIIT 81
Ilbepo ;I.cnna <DpawIecKa 120,
121
p
PaM3ec II 21
Pall H/\YC 103
PeH, III1Ko.TIaC 91
PWI411, .HY4aHo 107
PI1I\HMCP, <DJIaIH1ii 112
Pyqm, H. nOnl1;I.I1M 76
PYl'H1IUH, lly611I1ii 40
(
CaKpoBHp 38
Call1{'l'Yc 100
CanOHI1Ha 111
CBeTOlll1i't 40, 51, 55, 56, 57, 59,
90, 102
CeHeKa 29
CCIIKCBU4, Iblpl1X 106, 121
CennlMI1H CeBep, llepTlIlIaKC,
JIYl\I1H 63, 102, 105
Cep/.pKOJIO 98
CHJIJla, JIYl\I1i'1 KopHenHrl 20
CHrVIlaKo, AspeJll1H 114, 115
CKaypo, t\lapK 3111Jlllrl 48,
57, 123
CKOTT, PHJ--VIH 107
CrVH1pa,J,cKlli1, lCllpHX 59
COKpaT 115
CnapTaK 24,25, 107, 121, 123
Cl\CROJla, IYI\I1i1 R7
CI\HIHIOH AQJPllKaHclulw, ny6-
nJ'lrl KOpHeJH1H 18, 122
Cl\I1I1HOII r IaCllKa, lly6.:11Iii Kop-
HeJIHH 20, 47, 122
Cl\l1nHOH, 3MH.'Il1rl, lly6Juti,j
KopllellHo 21, 123
T
TatuT 38, 40, 54, 56, 95, 100
'Ell3p, CTanl.lll1M 51
TeoloplIX 119
TepeHQI1M 15
Tepllep, ,lI,))(()3C(P rvLB. 116
TepTY.ll.l1l1an 11, 12, R7, 96, 110
TI10CpI1H, KJIaBj:{I1H HepoH 38,
52,53,54
THT, <DnaRI1H BecnacHaH 39, 59,
60,62,87,106
Tpa5111, t\lapK Y1ILIII1ij 21, 60, 62,
68,69,123
TYI'MOe III 21
(!)
<Da611 OJIa 1 06
<DaJIKOlle, _\HbCnJIO 54
<DaycTI1Ha 63, 71, 98, 99
<1>eJ1HKc, JIYlIO PClIO 96
<DcO,:.\OCI1H,<DJIaBHM 112
<1>ecT 35, 39
<DI1JIOCCpallHc 101
<DllaMl1l1l1ii, TUT 15
<DJIOp 24
<1>pcJ,\a, PI1KKapJ,\o 107
<Dpl1,lJI311ep, JhOr\BHr 7
X
XeeMcKepK BaB IapTeH 43
1-'
r e3apb, raH lOm1H 17, 23, 32,
49,51,75
I 11QCPOH, lapl{ ']YJl)IIIM 22, 34,
35,92
3
3m.lall 91
3IllIa 9
3pCKl1l1e, YeCTCp Y1
10
106a II 1 7
IOReHaJI 89, 98, 99, 102
-
125
66JH10rpacpfI
J.K. Anderson, Hunting in Ancient World, JMC
Toynbee, London 1985.
Anfiteatro Flavio. Immagine, testimonianze, spet-
tacoli, Edizioni Quasar, Roma 1988.
D. Augenti, Spettacoli del Colosseo nelle cronache
degli antichi, L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2001.
R. Auget, Cruelty and Civilisation. The Roman Ga-
mes, Gorge Allen and Unwin ltd. London 1972.
E. Cantarella, I supplizi capitali a Grecia e a Ro-
ma, SuperBur, Milano 1991.
J. Carcopino, La vita quaotidiana a Roma, Later-
za, Bari, 1986.
Il Colosseo, a cura di A. Gabucci, Electa, Milano
1999.
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin 1863 e
segg.
G. Cozzo, Il Colosseo. L'anfiteatro Flavio nella tec-
nica edilizia, nella storia delle strutture, nel con-
cetto esecutivo dei lavori, Palombi, Roma 1971.
M. Fora, I munera gladiatoria in Italia. Considera-
zioni sulla loro documentazione epigrafica, IASP.
A.D., 1, Milano-Napoli 1996.
J.C Golvin-C Landes, Amphiteathres et Gladia-
teurs, Press du CNRS, Paris 1990.
A. Guarino, Spartacus. Analisi di un mito, Liguori,
Napoli 1979.
Ch. Landes-D. Cazes, Les gladiateurs, catalogo
della mostra Tolosa-Lattes, Lattes, 1987.
-
126
E. K6hne-C Ewigleben, Gladiators and Caesars,
British Museum Press, London 2000.
R. Rea, I cristiani, vittime e spettatori nel tem-
plum demonum, in "Aurea Roma. Dalla citta
pagana alla citta cristiana", catalogo della mostra
a cura di S. Ensoli ed E. La Rocca, l'erma di Bret-
schneider, Roma 2000.
L. Robert, Les gladiateurs dans l'Orient grecque,
Champion Ed., Paris 1940.
P. Sabbatini Tumolesi, Gladiatorium Paria. Annun-
ci di spettacoli gladiatorii a Pompei, Edizioni di
Storia e Letteratura, Roma 1980.
P. Sabbatini Tumolesi, Epigrafia anfiteatrale
dell'Occidente romano, I, Roma, Edizioni Quasar,
Roma 1988.
Sangue e Arena, catalogo della mostra a cura di
A. La Regina, Electa, Roma 2001.
I Tantillo, I munera in eta tardo antica, in "Aurea
Roma. Dalla citta pagana alla citta cristiana",
catalogo della mostra a cura di S. Ensoli ed E. La
Rocca, l'erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2000, pp.
120-125.
G. Ville, La gladiature en Occident des origines a
la mort de Domitien, BEFRA 245, Roma 1981.
C Vismara, Il supplizio come spettacolo, Edizioni
Quasar, Roma 1990.
G. Vaccai, Le feste di Roma antica, edizioni Medi-
terranee, Roma 1986.
T. Wiedemann, Emperors and Gladiators, Paper-
back, London-New York, 1992.
B Cepl1lO «TaMHhI llCTOpl1l1»
TaI(}I<e llOllIJII1 CJlep;YIOIIJ.l1e KHllrl1:
«TallI-Ihl co6opo13, l1JIl1 C060PhI TaHIIhl»
«JIercIllJ,3 0 I paaJ1e»
«rraMI III l1ep hI»
«ATllal ITl1p,a»
« KeJ1hThl»
«XpIfCTl1aIlCKl1e epeCl1»
«M l1CTepl1.H nl1 paMl111,»
«P03eIlKpeHqepbI»
«MeCOnOTaMl1.H»
«IOJlI1H lJ,e3apb»
«An:eKCaHlJ;p MaKelJ;OHCKI1H»
« Ka pJl V»
«HanOJIeOH»
«EBpel1»
«BapBapbl»
J laYYHO-nOnYJIJlpHOe 113;aHl1e
CepUJl « Taitllbl UC1nOpIUl»
<l>a6pMQMO naOJIyqQM
DlaAMaTOphI :
06peQeHHhIe lIa CMepTb
nepeBOl C I1TaJlbJlHCKOrO F:11./(allllJl()(f(/
PelJ,aKTOp Jl.Jf .I.lfOJlO80
KOppeKTOp Jl.Ad. JltlJlo8{/
BbIlIYCKalOHi1 pep,aKTOp O.E. l(ennKoeo
KO:'\'lnbJOTepHaJl BepCTKa O.LlI. R8JlOH080
no BonpocaM on1'OOoro pacnpocrpaHeHlUl oopaw.aThCH 13 KOI'....IJ\.lepYeCKlIli OT/CJI,
no BonpocaM pa3MeUeHH.H peKJIaMhI B KHHrax 113p;aTeJlhCTBa «HHOJIa-npecc»
06paIlaThc}1 B OT/l:.'1 pl:K.'la:\lbl H MapKl:TI1Hra: (495) 626-46-55
110 BOIlpocaM po:mlJLlllblX IIpo;aJK o6pauaTbcJl B cpl1pJ\lellllbtii \-lara:HIH 110 t;-pccy:
r. \locKl3a, ll1apHKOnO,1II11IDHHKOBCKa.H YJI., 32.
TeJI.: (495) 675-49-79,675-59-29;
e-mail: taiskniga<[niola-press.ru
I hI 'IOI'OBa.H JlhlUra - o6I1cpoccllikKHii KJIaCcllqHlKaTop IIporYKIHI1
OK-005-93, 1'0'-'1 2; 953000 - KIUII'I1, 6pOllIlOpbI
$opMaT 84 x 108/32
EYMara MeJIOBaI-lHaH nyxn. rapHluypa Gaslon.
I ktlaTb ()(pcermul. YCJI. lIett. JI. 6,72
J;bf-l,<1110 IIPH Y"HH:nll1 000 «l1jareJIhCKOI'O OMa "Betle"»
v13p;aTeJIbCTBO «I h1OJIa-l1pecc»
115193, !\Ioclma, 7-H KmKyxoBcl«UI YJI., 18
TeJI.: (495) 626-45-55
e-mail: informcgniola-pre.ru
h (t p:/ /w\vw.niola- press. ru
OTneyaTaHO B CnOOaKl111
MCTOpUB rJlaUaTOpCTBa - OT
3apO)K,l(eHUB O 3aKaTa: nepBble
rJIMUaTOpbI, UX Bep6oBKa,
o6yqeHue U BOOp)'}KeHHe;
rJlaMaTOpCKHe IDKOJlbI, nepBbIe
aM4JuTeaTpbI U nepBaB
apeHa B PUMe, UCTOPUB
KOJIU3eB - rpaMu03HOrO
3aHHB MB 3peJlUlI.(;
rTU1UaTOpCKUe PUTYaJIbI,
TpaBJIB UKUX )KUBOTHbIX
U CMepTHbIe npUrOBOpbI;
UCTOPUSI CaMOrO
3HaMeHUTOrO rJlaL(UaTOpa -
CnapTaKa;rJIUaTOpCKHe
UrpbI HOBOrO
BpeMeHII.
_....-L
,...
""
-\.
......
.....
...
",\. -...,
-'"
'-'"
. '".
", .
.'
-y....
...... ;.":- >-'" ' .;;.,.,.
..:
,. : - \.
.. .(:
.
. t>_ ,,"t;;'"
.r. --;.. _..
-'\ '!t-:-r
,>t: :
.
\-
. .
..."!:'l....a.,
"
.- :
- .; -
,: '!-. '
!..,;:
:\..' ;;. . '>;
. .... -.
!of
.....
",'
".
,>", . . i&'l;,
........ _.
.:":..
..... 't'..
....$:
:-;.:.
!"
'ffii"'5} :... ..
:t .... ..
---..
"'.1{ .:;.: ".: :- .,'
'"- - .,....
.:"it '.... ''1. :...); ':
"'...._=,,".6 _ -....
.it. " -. ". .
Ii: u.; .:.l........ .
- .._ _ " '" : . , . . :" . . .1 . ., _ ' : t . . . - .. .r)"_
__ .-c :: :,: :
".';""' ,. - ' ..:..... - -
; ,...; '.,
=-' .
;
.' . v ...:.
c ",-...;-
.....
......
"'" ...
""-...-
"' - . --
-. .-...
...
.....'
.@;_ ,. r. "Q
t. -..- "\::
. '-'=' ,
,\:
'J<
.
.
.;-'<. ::
..... ....
...
, .
."" "'"
.
..."
....::
"':.
... -0$
.,..
\"
t:!.
... .
"' ,..
:\..
1
..:t'
.J
...
.. .
, --.,.
...."'\ \,
_. .-.
.... :
-Jo,.
"
-i, .
.to-
. . ,
.,
".
...i ...
..; ......
:a
.
-.
. "
"-.-,.
""" .
- . \
"\.. .t ...."\o..
i- ., ...., . } "-:' .,"-"
_ ...,,-,.. . 'f!.... A.C_t;..,__¥f
, . "'-, . ;'" "
... . ' -=-':!: ;. .... . "-
. .. : ."",
. .;:- ;£. . _." ... ' . 'J'
............. -.: .....
"':i;
.
... '-.:.- 'Iiit... ....
: ':',-$:"-
: . "
. "'t.:!
..... ...'..
..
,
-'"
_y.
..;
.......
...
p
,,,,"
.....:-<...
,A...
. ..
"
,
.
...,
-.
........ -"' ;... -
\i}.; ;;
. -I£i- _ .....
-"" . _ "5 '.
. - ''''; ;'
,'\ -. t:,.\.
..... -.
. .
,,0,
....... ..........-
..
- '.
, ......; ,-:., ISBN 978-5-9533-2582-0
.. ;-;--"'\:.! IIII II
.,"-" "'}:':-
, ...
i :;::...--
. : ,,; ""
..,. ..-
.;; ,:"; 9 7 8 5 9 5 3 3 2 5 8 2 0
i1l' .
.):1
.:.. .,.
"--
. " ;\;:.,
-;i.' :'" ....
-;. .
'7_$:. "
.._":..... -..; ::"'_<.1 "" >. -
'-':- 'wi . . ;t --;...... ....
.... ,: ... ... -
: }.:. , ' . 'I. . \).. .,\- ..,
::.. .......-;. ........' ;j:-.
° ": . :.' "I'
"'-_;0, .-. . . - - .," - ..
. . :":"'......:: It" ,
- -,. ':!"'" A..t..;, - -. " - ..
::. 0'1 .--' W )0.... - \-.'!'
". -:. " ..... :.. .--.,
.. ....... ...
;;.;: >: .
"""
""'.
. '"':..
--
.- -
Ct1
R££
....
r
,. ,-".
..
"
. ...,:....
". -'
.-..,
-'\.
,
--- \
-,
,;.
.. .
.
,,""-""\,.,
- .
....-"i"-
"": ........
.
'-":
.. :\.
....
",. - .
.:{
.
.
"-
'"
. .
, ..
,....-:t ....
_' ,,4
. _:::
....
1'-_
,-
.:.-
_" 0 ,-,"' . "
.-'"
.,
.st"
c..
--