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'ITO CBIIneBaTa .n;peBenma C I1epeKpY'IeIlIIbIl\lII .n;pCBeCUbIl\lII
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6bIBaeT.
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(1I1IIe CTOJIa. B onpe.n;enenIloii: nOCJIelJ;OBaTeJIbIlOCTII lIall60JIee 'IaCTO
y"()rpe6JIeMbIii IlllcTpYl\1enT pacrronaraeTC 6nn)!(e K MacTepy.
Pa60Iee I\leCTO MaCTepa .n;OJI)I{no 6bITb XOpOIlIO OCBem:eIlO: ec-
Il'CTBellllbIH CBeT - CIIpaBa IIJIIl cneBa, UCKycTBellllblii - 113 Tpex
IO'leK, IICKJIlo'IaIom:nii pe3KIIe Tellll I1pll 06pa60TKe .n;eTanei-i:.
I3 YCJIoBlmx Tecnoii KBapTllpbl JIl06nTeJIb-pe3'IIIK BblIIY)!(.lJ:en pa-
()mClTb 3nl\1Olr I1a KYxne, IIo3Tol\1Y I1e06xo.n;lII\lbl I1e60nbIlloll BepCTaK
lIa I\rCTaJlJIlreCKOI\I KapKace (pIlC. 26) C pa60'IIII\1 CTOJIIIKOI\I II I1a60-
pOI\( npncnoc06nellull .n;JIH KperrJIemm 3JIeKTpo.n;penll, 60pl\1allIIIIIbl,
,I ralOKe IIIKacp lI;M IlllcTpyl\1ellTa. TaKoii BepcTaK pa3pa60TaJI II lI3-
IIJI'OIllIJI 3allIe'IaTeJlbnblii pe3'IlIK I10.n;epeBY j],. M. fycapqyK.
BI'j1CTClK rrpelI;CTaBAAeT C060H cBapnyIO KOIICTPYKQHIO, coe.n;n-
IIC'IIIIYIO co IllKacpoM II I1epellOCnbUI CTOJIOI\1, pa31\1epbl
70)( 100 x (60-85) Cl\I.
I I.. lIl'pe.n;lIell cToi-i:Ke BepCTaKa 3aKpenJIen ulKacp co CTonn-
I t II, 'llll')>IGli\1II II rIle3.n;al\1I1 .n;JI HIIcTpYl\1euToB. Pa31\1epbl IIIKCl-
III I .1, J x 70 x 55 Cl\1 (.n:JIllIIa, IllIlpnlla, BblcOTa). KapKac 113roTOB-

PUG. 23. Cmpy6lill1lbl
PUC. 24. 11. 61111111
...-.
. =<E"': 54  
---
...-.
-, 55 -  ,
 
----

JIeIl 1I3 craJIbIlbIX 'IPy6 .n;ua-
MeTpOl\I 4S 1\111I. B npaBOllI
3alJ;Uel\1 yr JIY IIIKa<pa Bpe3a-
UbI BepXUH51 II IIII)!(IIIDI rreT-
nn, lIa KOTOpble YCTanaBJIlI-
BaeTC KpoIlllITei1U 6opl\1a-
IIIUIlbI.
Pa6o'me IUICTpYl\1enTbl
XpaIm:TC B rUe3,[I,aX UIKacpa
BepcTaKa, a 'IaCTb I1X I1pll pa-
60Te - ua CTonllKe llIKacpa.
Ha nepe.n;neH CToii:Ke
BepCTaKa 3aKperrJIen rrepe-
1I0CIIOH CTOJIIIK, co6paUIILIii
I1a CTaJIbIlOI\1 cTe6JIe, C pa-
60'Ieii: .n;OCKOll (pIlC. 27).
Bc KoncTpYKQlm CPIlK-
cIIpyeTc ua oIlpe.n;eneIlIloH
BbICOTe II B ueo6xo.n;1II\101II
rrOJIO)l{eIlIIH.
K BepxIIeii ronoBKe cTe6-
n51 npllBapella T-06pa3I1a
nJIIITa, KOTOpM CB3aIIa C
BepxIIeii rroBopOTIIOii nmI-
TOH, I1l\1elOm:eii: .n;JI5I <pHKca-
QIIII npope3Il. K STOll I1JIIlTe
3aKpenneIla .n;epeBI1Ua
.n;OCKa CTOJIIIKa. Ha crOIDi-
Ke YCTaIIaBnHBaeTc pa6o-
'IM .n;OCKa. Ha pa60'Iell .n;OC-
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10 1111.111'111 UI.
IIt'pl"III('J[(,lIlIbIC IIIIJILI 1\1OryT 6bITb I1pOCTble, .n;BYPY"lIbIe, o.n;uo-
P\ 'IIII.[C', nY'IKoBble I1110)l{OBKH, a TaK)I{e I\leXaIIWleCKIIe: .n;BYPY"IILle,
Jl'IIIII'1II hlC, lUIPKY JIbIlble II 6eIl3I1UOI\10TOpUble (pIIC. 28 - 30).
II o.llllC Bcero IICIIOJIb3YIOT I1onepe'IUble I1UJIbI.
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PUC. 27. Pa60111111 ClIlOJlUK 1C
eepcmm(y
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PUG. 29. [JUJlbl: a - 06YUl1W6ble; 6 - Jly t lK06ble
Py t l1lble l1llllbl 6bIBaloT I1anmyTl>Ie (JIyqKOBbIe) II I1euanmy-
TbIe IIO)!(eBbIe (UO)!(OBKlI), I1arpa.n:KI1 II lIonepe'!I1bIe .n;Bypy'IlIble.
[JWlbl nonepe1l1lble 06YPY1lllble Hl\leIOT WUIIIY 1000, 1250, 1500
II 17501\11\1, IIIIIpHIIY 140 II 160 1\I1\1. 111\111 pa6OTaIOT .n;Ba IenOBe-
Ka (CM. pIlC. 28, d).
PUG. 30. Eell3017Wlbl
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----

HO)Ke6ble nUJlbl (I10)!(OBKII) nplll\leIIIOT .n;n I10Ilepe'I1Ioro pac-
KpO 3aroToBOK. LIJIlma IIIIJIbI C PY'IKoii 715 1\11\1, .n;JIlIIIa pe)!(y-
m:elI 'IaCTlI 615 1\11\1.
HO)K06'Ka Y3'KaR lIcIIonb3yeTc .n;JI KpIIBOlJlmeiiIloro IIIIJIe-
IIII II BbmOJIIIeIlII CKB03I1bIX npOIIIlnOB. TIuna IIl\1eeT .n;JIlmy
325 - 530 1\11\1, llIHPllllY I1a CB060.QIIOI\I KOIIQe 20 - 40 1\11\1, TOJIm:II-
lIa 1I0)!(OBO'IIIOrO nonOTIIa - 1,5 1\11\1.
HO)K06'Ka C 06yw.'K0;.t (CI\1. pIIC. 29, a) IICnOJIb3yeTc.n;AA I1erny-
60KHX I1pOIllInOB, I1o.n;rOIlKe coe.n;IIIIeIlIIll, paCIIIlnOBKe MeJIKIIX 3a-
rOTOBOK. LIJIlIIIa nIlJIbI 300-350 1\11\1, llIHpIIlla 70-100 1\11\1, Ton-
m:IIIIa I10JIOTIIa .n;o 0,5 MI\1.
H 0)K06'Ka-llOZpaa'Ka I1pnl\1eIlTC .n;AA I1eCKB03I10rO nponIInII-
BaIllm I1a30B no.n; IIInOIlKII. I1l\1eeT .n;JIlIIIY 100 -120 1\11\1, TOJIm:II-
I1Y - 0,4-0,7 MM (CM. pIIC. 29, a).
JIYIJ.'K06ble nUJlbl IIcnonb3YIoT J{JI I1pO.n;OJIbIlOrO II nonepe'I-
1I0ro paCnII.lIIIBaIlll 3arOTOBOK 1I I1pe.n;CTaBnIOT C060H .n;epeBI1-
I1bIit CTaIlOK (JIY'IOK) C IIaTI1YTbll\l lIa lIeM I10nOT1I01\1 IIIlJIbI.
JIY'IKOBble IIIlJIbI 6b1BaIOT pa3MallIIIbIe (paCIIYCKllble) I1one-
pe'IIIble, BbIKpY)!(I1ble, IIIIIIIOBble.
Pa31\IaIIIIIble IIIIJIbI lIMeIOT nOJIOTIIO IIInpllIlOII 45 - 55 I\1M, Ton-
m:IIIIOH 0,4 - 0,7 1\11\[, .n;nlllla nonOTIIa - 780 - 800 1\11\1. 3TlI rIlIJIbl
I1pllI\1eIlHIOT .n;n I1po.n;onblloro nnneIlII 3arOTOBOK.
IToIlepe'IIIble I11lnbI IIMeIOT IIIIIPIlIlY I10nOTlla 20 - 25 1\11\1, Ton-
IIIlmy 0,4-0,7 1\11\1, .n;JIlma I10nOTIIa 750-800 1\11\1.
BbIKPY)!(I1ble nllnbI npHl\leIlIOT .n;JI KpllBonllIleHIIoro cpllryp-
1I0ro nIl-1IeIIlIH. 01111 III\lelOT I10nOT1I0 .n;JII-IIloii .n;o 500 1\11\I, IIIIIpn-
1I0H 4 - 15 ;\11\1, TOJIm:Ima - .n;o 1 1\11\1.
LIn KonKII .n;peBecHllbI.IICIIOJIb3YIoTTonOpbl. B ycnommx ncea,
Kor.n;a I1pI1Xo.n;nTc Bblpy6aTb 3aroToBKH .n;JI}I CKYJILI1TYP, nonb3Y-
10TC nerKI11\1 noxo.n;lIbII\I TOIlOpUKOl\1, era 1I0CT B KO)!(aIl0l\1 4:>YT-
JIpe lIa nOCIlOM pel\1l1e (puc. 31, 32).
l-IHcTpYMeHT J{JIH CTporaHlIH: 1I0)!(1I, py6aIIKII, py6aIlKlI-lIIep-
xe6enH (pIIC. 33, a), py6aIlKII-rop6a'IH (.n;JI BornYTbIX I10BepXIIO-
cTeH) (pIIC. 33, 6:.1 - 1\1eTanJIlI'IeCKI1e, 2 - .n;epeBIIIIble, 3 -
TOPQeBoH, 4 II 5 - rop6a'III).
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nbIl\1 ne3BIIel\1, I1pl\IbIl\lII CTal\1eCKaI\III, KJIIOKap3aI\1II, CTal\1eCKa-
1\1II-yronKaI\UI.
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PUC. 31. TOIlOpbl-lIICC.W
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1II'IIHlIIIYIO PY'IKY CO CTanbIlblN KOnbQOl\l.
II pJ/N([J{ Cma,MeCKa C oKpyr JIbIl\1 JIe3BIIeM 06ner'IaeT pe3a-
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o
Ha pa60'IeM MeCTe pe3'IIIKa 110 .n;epeBY .n;On)!(lIbI 6blTb pe3aKII
II CTal\1eCKII (puc. 34, 35).
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Y pe3aKa CKOllIeIlIlOe; C o.n;I1oii: CTOpOIlbI 06pa3yeTc OCTpbIll yron,
I1a3blBaeMbIll I10CKOM, a C .n;pyroil - TYIIOll, lIa3bIBaeMbln I1mKOH.
JIe3Bue CKOllIeno ue TonbKO 110 Kpalo, 110 II 110 nnOCKOCT1\1 B IIa-
I1paBJleIIIHl K pe)l{ym:eii: KpOI\1Ke. IIpIlMepiiO B 2-2,5 I\1M .n;o pe-
)!(ym:eil KpOI\1KII I10nOTIIa pe3aK UMeeT nOJIoruii CKOC, rrepBYIo
cpacKY, a Y cal\1oro ne3BII BTOpOll KOpOTKIIll CKOC - BTOpyIO
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PUC. 35. CmaJ>tecKu: 0 -
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( '1/1(/ \I('Clal-YZOJlOK I1CnOJIb3yeTc .n:JI npope3amIH Tpeyronb-
IlIoIX 1,.lIlaBOK,
1\1 t'Tp II JIlllleiiKa cny)!(aT .n;n I13I\1epeIlll pa31\1epOB (.n;nIlIlbI,
1I11II'llIlhl, IIblCOTbI, fJIy6lIIIbl), a TaK)!(e .n;JI I1pOBe.n;emlH I1pl\1bIX
1IIIIIIii (pill". 36 a, 6).
TpeyroJIbHIIK (pIlC. 36, 6) CJIY)!(I1T .n;n 0603I1a'IeIIIIH JIpl\1bIX
VI.flnlI, lIallcceIlIl nepIlen.n;UKYJIpllbIX II napaJInenbIlbIX JIIumii,
1IIIIIIIii no.n; yrJIOI\1 30°,45° II 60°.
1{I1PKYJlb-pa3MeT'IIIK (puc. 37, 6)- Ul\1l1anOCT I1a 06pa6a-
11,,"aeMYIO I10BepXnOCTb Kpyru IInIl .n;yrlI, KOllrypIlbIe JIlIlIllU II
Jll'Ta /111 opnaMeIlTa.
ICpOIlQIIPKYJIb (puc. 37, 6) cnY)KIIT .n;JI II31\1epemIH pa3l\1e-
1'"11 II JlIal\1eTpOB u3.n;enui1. Eonee TO'IlIblii II y.n;0611bIH III1CTPy-
II'III, cny)!(am:IIii .n;n Tex )Ke Qeneii, - IIITallrellQupKY nb. .l{e-
II'IIIII, uaIleceImble I1a lIel\1 (B CaIlTIII\1eTpaX U I\1HJInHl\1eTpax),
YIII'a.IJ{llmOT o.n;I1Y 113 onepaQIIH II31\1epellIlJl H cpa3Y .n;aIOT QIIcp-
I'c II\Ol' Ublpa)KeIllIe pa31\1epOB 113.n;emIH IIJIII 3arOTOBKII.
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PalllllllJlIl II HallJlJIbHHKII (puc. 38) ne06xo.n;1Il\1bI .n;JI 06pa-
,11111111 JlpeBeCIIHbI TBep.n;bIX I10pO.n;. IIepBOlla'IanbllO rpy6YIO 06-
III" UIII<Y l:Ie.n;YT nOIlepeK BOJIOKOII pallIIIHnI\UI. 3aTel\1 .n;peBeclIIIY
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1'.I.IIIII'lilIOT nanlInblIIlKII .n;pa'ieBbIe C naCe'IKOll 14 x 14 H nlI'I-
111011 'f) x 20.
I 1I1IIOlllb10 lIanllJlblllIKOB 1\10)!(1I0 TO'IIIO no.n;rOIlTb cOIlpra-
j\( loll' JlI' I ,IJII J.
IIIIJIIIIIIJIII - I1aIlIlJIhIIIIKH ne60JIbllIOrO pa31\1epa C l\1enKOH na-
'Ihll/l
III 1I1I11II1I.1.llbllbIC IlIKypKIl IICnOJIb3YIOT ,J;JIH I1pll.n;amIH H3,J;e-
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11111 11.1 II\alleuyJO I1JIII 6Yl\la)KIIYIO ocnOBY.
I1a .n;n cpe3amIH BbIIlYKJIoii U r ny60KoII CTPY)KK1I, a .n;n 3a'III-
CTKH .n;na neo6xo.n;UI\IO IIl\1eTb Y3KYIO CTaMeCKY C OTorIlYTbIl\1
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QO. T OnIlllllla PY'IKY - OKono 3 CI\1, .n;mllla - 12 - 15 CI\1.
KJl101WP3b{, cny)!(aT .n;n BbIpe3amIH H3 .D,epeBa cnO)l{I1blX 1I3-
.n;enIIII onlI y.D,0611bI .n;n nOBepxllocTnoro II rny60Koro pe3amIH.
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PUC. 36. Pa3Ne7ll0 t /llbill l,tJtClIlpY"1 IC 1t7ll.
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a - I!UPKYJl11;
6 - 7lympOJ 1 1epbl;
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ha'I('("Tno IIIJIllcpoBaJIbllOH IIIKypKH na BbIcbIIlaIIne, OTKneI-IBa-
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11I'11t'11I(ia pa60 t Ieii: CTOpOIlbI BIIYTPb.
III lIu!JOBClnblible IIIKypKn BbI6HpaloT B 3aBlICIIMOCTH OT KJIaCCa
II" 11\ ('Noii mcpOX()BaTOCTII U3.n;eJIIm. qeplioBoe IIInIlcpoBalIIIe IB-
11111 1lIoIIIOJIllmOT IllKypKal\IH N! 32-40, 'IIICTOBOe - NQ 5-12.
« 111'1 1 .11:\ (pile. 39) .n;JI 06pa6oTKI-I .n;peBeCIIIlbI nCnOJIb3YIOT
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1,1 / 1'1(11), IlIIIPKOBbIe, IIITOnOpIlbIe. QIInIlII.n;pW--IecKHe, nepKH.
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C1Il0NecKu-ylOllKO :3 (cmpeJlKo"tU IIOK0301tO 1I0np06JlellUe a611ellwl
ClIWN eCKll)
--
_________ 80  
-----
BJI.lI:bI II TeXHOJIOflHI
xY.ll:O)KeCTBeHHOM o6pa6oTKII .lI:epeBa
1])151 pe3b6bI BbI6IIpaIoT '-IIICTYIO .n;peBeClIUY, 6e3 nopOKOB. K
1I0pOKal\1 .n;peBeCIIIIbI OTIIOOIT CY'-IKII, CBlIJIeBaTOCTb BOJIOKOU (3a
IICKnIO'-IeUHel\1 Kana II KapenbCKoii 6epe3bI) II l\1eXaIlII'IeCKHe no-
IIpC)!(.n;eIlII51, a TaK)!(e Tpem:HllbI, 'IepBOTO'IIIIIbl, I10pa)!(eIIlle rUlI-
('JIIICM II C OMepTBCJIbII\JII TKaIlMU.
TIpll BbI60pe npe.n;nO'ITeIlHe OT.n;aeTC npmlOcnOHuon .n;peBe-
C""C pa.n;lIaJIbIIOii paCIIIIJIOBKII Bna)!(I10CTbI0 lie 60nee 10 %.
lie peKOl\1ell.n;yeTc pe3aTb IIa nOBepXIIOCTlI, npe.n;BapnTenbllo
oTlIInlltP0Baulloll, TaK KaK a6pa3HBIIblii !\JaTepllan 3a6nBaeTc B
1I0pl>I .n;epeBa II IIlIcTpYl\1eIlT 6blCTpO TynIlTc.
reOMeTpHeCKaH pe3b6a
I ('Ol\JeTpH'IeCKOH olla lIa3bIBaeTC nOTOI\1Y, 'ITO B OCIlOBe ee
'1",lliI I' DceB03MO)!(lIble KON611IIaQIIII npocTellIllIlx, BlIellIlle lie
IIIIIJ.IX reOI\WTpll'IeCKIIX cpnryp. I1CKYCCTBO 3.n;eCb COCTonT B
,f'M, '1IOObI nYTel\1 Yl\1eJIoro KOM6I1IIUpOnaIlII51 3TIIX npocTellIllllx
"I"MI'III'OJI nOJIY'IaJIc CJIO)!(I1blii, 60raTbIlI lIa B3rJIH.n; Y30P, a
IlllI,11I OT.n;CJIbIlbIlI 3JIeMeIlT, Ka)l{.n:bIif IllTpHX BbmOJIIInC c
I II/lhlllOii ru'llIUCTbIO H aKKypaTllocTbIO.
II'IIII'I pII'JCCKa pe3b6a pa3I1006pa311a no CBOllM npneNal\1
.. I"I\' .JpIIl'CJlbIIOMY 3cpcpeKTY, KOTOpbIII olla B pa311bIx cnY'Ia-
1I1'"IIIIIII.lIl r. Bce pa311006pa3ne nope3KlI IIa TON linn lIIIOI\I
II II /loCTllraCTOJ OCCKOIlC'IUbIM K0l\161IIIIIpOBaIlIlel\! II Bapb-
11I11I'1 ,!lIIX OClIomrbIX npllel\10B. ['v[aCTcpa-pe3'IIIKlI npe-
11111 ,'lIlllolllilUH I<Pil("()TY II:JrOTOBnHeNoii: Bem:II, COBMeCTII-
1" IIIII,IX II II' 'II<IIX ::J.nCl\JeIITOB, OCTaBn Me)!(1.\Y IlIII\JII
, . 11.1 .111111.1, '1IO('hl 0111 I nY'lIlIe npOCl\IaTpUBaJIIICb. feo-
.-' .
 HI J 
--

Jl:l (IYJW r MCllbUIe CKOJIOB, pe3aK ne 6y.n;eT 4BIIJIT II JIHIUIH
IIfI.lIY'1II rC}I pOBllee. IIepBbIii npoxo.n; pe3aK0l\1 no I1aI\Ie'IeuIIoii
1111111111 lIa3hIB3JOT na.n;pe3KOlI. B KOIme mUIIIH .n;BH)!(eIlUe PYKII
1H'III{)ro 3a.n;ep)!(I1BaIOT, nTKY npHno.n;III1l\1aIOT. IIocJIe 3Toro
il fll ll C 'lI<y nOBopatUlBaIOT BJIeBO II npOBo.n;T pe3aK0l\1 no na-
I'.IJ1JIl'nhIlOii nlUUUI no.n; yrJIOI\1 C .n;pyroH CTOpOIlbI. 3TO I1a3bI-
II.\('TC no.n;pe3KOH (pIlC. 50.
B pe3ynbTaTe nOCJIe.n;oBaTeJIbIlO f,lpoBe.n;eIIIIblx I1a.n;pe3KH II
IIIIJlpC3KII nOCJIe OT.n;eJIelUlH COJIOI\IKII-CTPY)!(KII 1I0JIY'IaeTC pOB-
II.UI Oopo3.n;Ka, IInIl KaIlaBKa, npaBIIJIbIlOro TpeyrOJIbIIoro ce'Ie-
IIIIH. Ha pilC. 52 nOKa33IIO I1OJIO)!(eIII1e pe3aKa I1PII IIa.n;pe3Ke H
IIIIJlpc3Ke JIHIIHII.
I\IeTpIl'IeCKa pe3b6a I1l\1eJIa -pallee IIUlpoKoe pacnpocTpaIleIIlIe
npll H3rOTOBJIelUIII npJIOK, BaJIbKOB, npmlIl'lIlbIX .n;OCOK II T.n.,
a B Hae Bpel\1 olla npHI\IeIl5IeTC .n;JI YKpaIlleIIn IllKaTYJIOK,
KOBlIIeH, COJIOIIOK, I1a H3.n;emIHX TOKapnoii 1I CTOJIpIlOii OCIIO-
Bbl 06pa60TKII.
reOl\1eTpll'Iec'Ka pe3b6a - IIa1l60JIee pacnpoCTpaIleIlIla II
npocTa. Gna COCTOI1T 1I3 8JIel\1eIlTOB, Bpe3aIlIlblx B cpOII, B
TOI\1 'IHCJIe I13 npocTbIX reOl\leTpH'IeCKIIX cpllryp - nOJIOC, KBa.n;-
paToB, TpeyrOJIbIlIlKOB pa3IIoro BII,J:a, l\1I1oroyrOJIbIIlIKOB, KPy-
rOB 11 'IacTeit Kpyra (cenleIlTOB), npl\1oyronbIIbIX II KBa.n;paT-
HbIX lIIallIeK, 3Be3.n;0'IeK II T..n;. .D:JI BbmOJIIIeIlH reOl\1eTpH'IeC-
KOH pe3b6bI IIa o.n;I1OTIInIIbIX H3.n;eJIHX .n;OCTaTO'IIIO Hl\1eTb O,1IIII
pe3aK IIIHpllIIOH 2 1\11\1 H 5 -10 CTal\1eCOK, npellI\1YI1IeCTBeIIIIo
I\IeJIKHX.
nplleMbI pe3b6bl napaJIJIeJIbHbIX JIIIHnU B.n;OJIb BOJIOKOH.
IIpe)!(.n;e 'IeM npllCTynIITb K pe3b6e npl\lbIX napaJIJIeJIbIlbIX JIlI-
IIIIii, IIa .n;om:e'lKY I1aIlOCT pa31\1eTKY. Pa3I\Ie'IaIOT C nOi"IOI1IbIO
WIPKYJI-pa3I\1eT'IllKa, mmeiiKil 1I yroJIbIllIKa.
.D:Om:e'IKY C IIaIIeCeIIIIbIl\lII Ha I1ee no .n;mlIIe napaJIJIenbIIbI-
1\1I1 nIIIIIIl\lII 33KpennmoT TOPQOI\1 K onopc II .n;n YCToii'IIIBOC-
TII npIl.n;ep)!(UBaIOT JIeBOII pYKoii:. HO)l{pe3aK (KOCK) CTaBT
BepTlIK3JlbIIO K nnOCKOCTII .n;OCKII B I1a'Iane nepBoii nIlIlIlIl II
Bpe3aIoTc ero I1OCKOl\1l1a rny6uIIY 1,5-21\11\1 (puc. 49). Ho)!(
 Be.n;YT OT I1POTUBOIIOJIO)!(I10ro
 Kpa no lIanpaBJIeIlIIlO na
ce6. IIpllel\1 pC3KII - OT
ce6 II K cc6c (pIlC. 50).
PC3b6y BbmOJIIIIOT CII.n;5I.
CII.n;eTb I1a.n;o cB060.n;1I0, lie
I1aKJIOIl TY JIOBlIm:a II rOJIO-
BbI, cnerKa KacaCb rpy.n;bIO
CTOJIa. Pe3aK Be.n;YT  Ila
ce6 c naKJIOIlOI\1 BnpaBo
I10.n; ynlOl\1 npIIl\lepIlO 30-
40°, IITKY pC3aK3 cne,J:yeT
I1pn6JIII3I1Tb K ,J:OI1Ie'lKe, Tor-
\'
----

=-
"1/,. 50. flOJIO)/(elllle pe3Q1\G
./It1 1"f.611 /I Olll ce6J!$>
PUC, 49. flOJW;Kelllle pe3Q1W
npll pa.3,tWmKe
a
6
PUC. 51. fl ORO)/(eUlie pe3a1W 6
lla1lQRe (a) 1I 6 KOIll!e (6) pe3b6bl
J1WIWI
----
___ 82  
----
.-..
- 83d= 
--

Pe3b6a napaJIJIeJIbHbIX JIHmdi
nOnepeK BOJIOKOH. Pa31\1eTKa .n;0-
m:e'IKII no.n; pe3b6y napaJIJIeJIbHbIX
JIIIlIIlli nOnepeK BOJIOKOII npOIl3BO-
.n;UTC TO'IIIO TaK )!(e, KaK II no.n;
pe3b6y napaJInenbIlblX nIlmdi:
B.n;Onb BOJIOKOII. Pa3l\Ie'IellllbIe nIl-
1II111 pacnOnaralOT napaJInenbllO
TOPQeBOll 'IaCTII .n;Om:e'IKII. l{om:e'I-
KY I10BOpa'IUBaIOT .n;JIUIIIIOn CTOpO-
I1oii: K ce6e, 3aKpenAAIOT II npn.n:ep-
)l{IIBaIOT neBOH PYKOH. CIIa'IaJIa .n;e-
JIaIOT IIa.n;pe3KY pe3aK0l\1 C lIaKJIOIlOI\1 45° OT npoTIIBOnOno:lKIIoro
Kpa «lIa ce6, 3aTel\l .n;Om:e'IKY I10BOpa'IlIBaIOT II .n;enaIOT I10.n;pe3-
KY. BeCTlI pe3aK non,epeK BO.l0KOIl Tpy.n;lIee, 'Iel\l B.n;onb, n03TOI\1Y
nTKY pe3aKa peKOl\1ell.n;yeTc npIInOmIRTb.
Pe3b6a mameqeK. COBl\1eCTHB B 0.n;I10H I10BepXIIOCTII napaJI-
JIenbllble mUIlIlI B.n;OJIb BonOKOIl C nlllllml\lII, npope3allllbll\1H 110-
nepeK, nOJIY'IaIOT npOCTelillIIIH PIICYIIOK, TaK lIa3bIBael\1ble «lIIa-
I1Ie'IKII. IIocne pa3I\IeTKH, BO Bpel\15I KOTOPOllIlY:>KIIO oc06ellIlO
TO'IIIO c06mo.n;aTb o.n;I1l1aKOBble paCCTomnm Me)l{.n;y napaJIJlenb-
I1bII\UI mIIIIIl\m, KaK I1pO.n;O.'1bIlbll\!II, TaK II nonepe'IlIbll\lll, clla-
'Ian a npOIl3Bo.n;T lIape3KY B.n;OJIb BOJIOKOII, IIpIl 3T0l\1 pe3aK cne-
.n;yeT BeCTU 'IYTb npaBee npmlOli:, lIal\1e'IeIIIIOii KapaIl.n;aIllOI\1. 3a-
Tel\1 C nOBepIlYToii: .n;om:e'IKII - no.n;pe3KY- B.n;onb CJIO. IIocJIe
3Toro B TaKOI\1 )!(e nopKe pe3aK0l\1 «I1a ce6 I1pOIlJBO.n;UTC5I
nocne.n;OBaTeJIbllO I1a.n;pe3Ka 11 no.n;pe3Ka nonepeK BOJIOKOII. B pe-
3YJIbTaTe nonY'IaeTC Y30P U3 npaBIInbIlblX KBa.n;paTOB - rnaIlle-
'IeK, KOTOpbIii: I\IO)!(eT cnY)!(IITb YKparnellIlel\1 KaKOrO-JIII60 .n;epe-
BI1I10rO npe.n;l\IeTa, IIaIlpIlI\1ep KpblIllKII .n;epeBmIlIoii: Kop060'IKlJ
(pIlC. 53). .
Pe3b6a ceTKlI. BapHallTol\1 npl\1bIX napannenbIlbIX JIIlIlllii
I\lOrYT 6bITb nllIllUI, lI.n;ym:lle no .n;lIarOllaJIII, no.n; yrnoM K KpaN
.n;om:e'IKI1. YrJIbI I\lOryT 06pa30BbIBaTbOI 113 OTpe3KOB .n;lIarOIIaJIII
II OTpe3Ka npmlOii, napanneJIbIlOii non.Hl\1 .n;om:e'IKII, a l\IorYT 6bITb
paBII06e.n;peHIIbIMII II COCTaBJI5!Tb 60nee oCTpoyronbllYIO IImf 60-
'I
PUC. 52. I10Jlo)/(e1tue pe3mw
npu 1tape3Ke II nOape3Ke
.nce I10JIOryIO 3y6'IaTYIO
JlIUUIIO. TaKue BCTpe'IlIble
JlIlIIlIII COCTaBAAIOT Y30P
11,-1 1I0BTopmom:uxc KBa.n;-
paTOB HnH p01\160B, lIa3bI-
nael\1blll «ceTKoH. TIep-
na I1a.n;pe3Ka mUlIIll ceT-
1(11 npou3Bo.n;HTC cnpaBa PUC. 53. Y30p «waZUe'lKUi>
lIaJIeBO, nOCJIe 'Iero .n;o-
Il(e'IKa nOBOpa'IUBaeTC II .n;eJIaeTC BTOp I1a.n;pe3Ka - CJIeBa
lIallpaBO. 3aTeM B TOM )!(e nopMKe I1p01I3BO.n;UTC I10.n;pe3Ka
(pHC. 54). IIpaBUJIbIlOCTb mUlIlii 3TOH pe3b6bl oc06ellIlo 3aBlI-
nIT OT I1OJIO:>KemIR pe3aKa.
TpexrpaHHo-BbIeM'IaTaH pe3b6a. 3to lIau60JIee pacnpocTpa-
IICIlIIblH II nonyAApHbIH BU.n; pe3b6bI: cTepeol\1eTpU'IeCKlIe q,OpMbI,
IIpe)!(.n;e Bcero nupal\1n.n:Ku - TpexrpaIlllbIe, 'IeTbIpexrpaIlllbIe,
l<Ba.n;paTllble, pOI\l6II'IeCKue. Y30p pe3b6bl COCTOIIT rJIaBllbII\1 06pa-
.101\1 113 TaKlIX IIIIpaI\UI.lI:OK, 110 lie 06'beI\1IIbIX, BblcTynaIOm: ux lIa.n;
IIIIBepXIIOCTbIO, a Bpe3allIlbiX B nJIOCKOCTb, 3arJIy6JIellllbIX, pac-
IIlInO)!(eIlIlbIX OCTpHel\1 BIIII3, aOCIIOBallIlel\1 - TpeyronbllblM, KBa.n;-
P" rIIbll\1, p0I\16I1'IeCKIII\1 - K nOBepXIIOCTU .n;OCKII IL1H YKpaIllael\lO-
I (I IIpe.n;l\1eTa.
(}r TpexrpaUIIOH Bblel\1KII nOJIY'IlIn ua3BaIlue If 3TOT BII.n; pe3b-
"101 - TpexrpaIIIIO-BbleM'IaTa5I. Ho OmlI1l\1l1 TpexrpallUbIl\1II BbI-
I _ HaDpcJKa Z-R HaDptJKa 1-11 nOOpCJKO Z-, no1prJ/ro
PUC. 54. Pe3b6a Cel1l1W
=<:>8? ,
----
85 
---

el\1KaMII Y30P He orpaIIWIIIBaeTC, 06bIQIIO na nOBepXIIOCTII 113-
.n;eJIII, Oq,opl\1JIeIlIIoro TpexrpaIlIIO-BbIeMQaTOii pe3b601i:, I\IO:>KIIO
YBII.n;eTb pa3IIo06pa3IIbIe K0I\16I1IIaQIIU, CO'IeTamm Tpeyro.1IbIllI-
KOB, KBa.n;paTOB, pOM60B (pIIC. 55).
IIpll naQa.1Ie TpeXrpaIIlIO-BbIel\1'IaTOll pe3b6bI .n;OIUe'IKY IIJIH 6py-
COK (20 x 10 x 2- 01) pa3Me'IaIOT C nONom:bIO QIIpKYAA-pa31\IeT'III-
Ka, .1IlIIIeHKII II yrO.1IbIlIlKa I1a nO.1IOCbl C CIINMeTpll'IIIbII\1 3y6'Ia-
TbII\1 Y30PON, BIIIlcaHIIblM Me:>K.n;y .n;BYI\1 napa.1I.1Ie.1IbIIbIMlI JIIIIIII-
1\11I. IIocne pa31\1eTKlI lIa.n;pe3alOT OCIIOBalUm TpeyrO.1IbIlIlKOB.
IIpll 3T0l\1 pe3aK Be.n;YT I1a ce6 C lIaK.1IOIIOI\I BnpaBO no.n; yr.1Iol\1
45 0 . 3aTel\1 .n;om:e'IKY nOBOpa'IIIBaIOT .n;JIHlUlOli: CTOpOIlOH K ce6e,
I1a.n;pe3aIIIIble 1I0noCbI oCIIoBaIlIIH OKa3bIBaIOTC y npoTlIBOnO.1IO)!(-
1I0ro Kpa; .n;om:e'IKa .n;on)!(I1a ne:>KaTb C.1IerKa IIaIlCKOCb.
IIpaBYIO PYKY C pe3aK0l\1 .n;ep:>KaT lIa no.n;YlIIe'IKe, pe3aK OTK.1IO-
I1IOT BnpaBO I1a 45 - 50 0 , Bpe3alOT B .n;peBecIIIIY Y OCIlOBaIlIl Tpe-
yronblUma II npoBO,l1;T .n;BlI:>KeHllel\1 IIa ce6 B.1IeBO K BepUlllIle
nepBoro TpeyronbIIIIKa. Ha.n;pe3aIOT no.n;p.n; Bce TpeyrO.1IbIIIIKlI B
UanpaB.1IemIII 110 'IacoBoli: CTpe.1IKe pe3aIIIIel\1 cnpaBa lIa.1IeBO.
IIocne 3Toro .n;ome'IKY nOBOpa'IIIBaIOT lIa 90 0 , pe3aK CTaBT
HOCKOM I1a ce6 lIa .1IIIIIHIO I1a.n;pe3aIIIIblx oCIIoBalllIll, no.n;-
.n;ep:>KIIBa ero 60nbllIHI\1 ,nanbQel\1 JleBOH PYKII, ne)!(ameli: lIa
.n;om:e'IKe, II OIlTb .n;BlI:>KeIIHeM cnpaBa lIaneBO no.n;pe3aIOT Tpe-
yrO.1IbHHKII.
TpeyronblUlKII nOC.1Ie no.n;pe3KII .n;OJI)!(I1bI BbI.1IeTaTb caMII c0601i:,
B HY)!(lIbIX cJIY'Iax n0l\10'Ib IIX OT.n;enelIlIlO 1\10:>KIIO I1TKoli: pe3aKa.
AA AA
IAAiA e A '"f
.
PUC. 55, 9JleMell1nbt mpexzpoll1l0-6bleJ>FlOmoii pe3b6bt
----
- 86  
----
1I pllel\1bI pe3b6bI paBII06e;'l.pelUlbIx Tpeyro.1IbHIIKOB npIlBe.n;e-
IIbl na pIIC. 56.
TpexrpallIlble Bblel\1KII I\IO)!(IIO Bblpe3aTb KaK B.n;O.1Ib, TaK II
lIoncpeK BO.1IOKon. Ha.n;pe3K<J II no.n;pe3Ka TpeyrOJlbIlIIKa I1oIle-
peK BonOKOIl BelI;eTC B 06paTllol\1 lIanpaBnemIII - OT BepllIllIlbI
K OCIIOBalUno. TaK )!(e no.n;p.n; npoll3BO;'l.IITOI Clla'Iana I1a.n;pe3Ka,
a nOTOI\I no.n;pe3Ka Bcex TpeyronblUlKoB.
TpeyronbuHKlI II .n;pyrne 9.1Iel\lellTbl reOl\1eTpll'IeCKOii pe3b6bl
cne.n;yeT pe3aTb no B031\10)!(1I0CTII no cnOIO, T .e. B I1aIlpc'lB.1IeIlIIII
eCTecTBeIIlloro pOCTa II pa3BIITlm .n;peBeCIIbIX BonOKOIl. TIpIl pe3b6e
110 C]IOlO .1Ie3BIIe pe3aKa npnr.1Ia:>KIIBaeT BO.1IOKIIa B MeCTe cpe3a.
Pe:{b6a npOTIIB CJIO - 3TO KaK 6l:J1 pe3b6a «I1pOTlIB lIIepCTII,
U3'bepOllIIlBalllle KOIlQOB BO.1IOKOII.
Pe3b6a no cnOlO OCTpbII\I III1CTpYl\!ellTOI\1 C03.n;aeT nOBepXIIOCTb
rna.n;KYIO, 6.1Ie{;Tm:yIO. a npOTIIB C.1IO - MaTOBYIO, n.1IOxa no;'l.-
NUOm:yIOC OT.n;e.1IKe.
Hap.n;y C TpexrpallIlbIl\lII Tpeyro.1IbIIlIKal\1H B I1a'Ia.1IbIlOii CTalJ;HII
06Y'leIIlHI reOl\1eTpn'IeCKOH pe3we OCBallBaIOTC5I TpeyrO.1IblIIlKII TO)!(e
p<lBII06e.n;pelllIble, 110 lie B BlI.lI:e
I pexrpaIlllbIX nIlpal\1l1.l1:0K, a B
IIIIAC TpeyrO.1IbIIOll I1.1IOCKOCTH,
I{()TOpa OT OCIIOBaIIlI5I K Bep-
IIIlme I1eCKO.1IbKO nOIlII:>KaeTCR,
.lI,laBmlBaeTC B rJIY61111Y. Ta-
lilli' Tpeyro.JIblUOOI C 3arJIy6.1Ien-
Ilhll\1H BepUlIIUal\1l1 na3bIBaIOTC5I
I( Y JI II 'IIIKaI\1I1.
KOM611I1I1Py OCIlOBIIe
l'II'IIH'IITbl reOl\1eTpll'IeCKOH
1"-,II,(lhl - KOIITypbI, KailaBKII,
111.11111"11<11, CeTKH, TpeyrO.1IbIIU-
"II. ICYJIII'IIIKII, 1\!0)!(I10 nOCT-
1'"III'h HI'Jlhlii PM IIIITepeCIIblx
I tI1I11I 11I1l1l Ii.
11.1111'111111'11, 11.\ .n;nyx p5I,l1;OB
11'1, III 11.11111\011, 1<<11< 6bI B.n;BII-
1


- -.=::..- ---===..==-
- ' , - -'=-- -
--=-..::._----
, ,, d,  .2-
----==--=-- - ---
-- -
Puc. 56. flpUe./llbt pe3b6bt
pa61lo6eape1l1tbtX mpeyzOJlbllU1W6
-. 
e-;_

IIYTbIX O.n;IUI B .n;pyroti:, nOJIY'IaeTC pnCYIIOK <13MellKa. IIpn pe3b-
6e 31\!etiKII I1a.n;pe3aIOT OCIIOBaIlH 060IIX pH.n;OB TpeyrOJIbIIIIKOB,
CIIa'IaJIa nepBOro pH.n;a, 3aTeI\I C nOBOpOTOI\1 .n;Om:e'IKII Kpyrol\! no
3TIII\! )j(e JIlIIiII1\I - BToporo pa. IIocJIe 3TOro no.n;pe33IOT nep-
BbIllll CJIe.n;OM BTopoll p.n;.
113 .n;BYX p.n;OB TpeyroJIbHHKOB, pacnOJIO)l(elIIlblx .n;pyr npo-
THB .n;pyra, 110 I1a paCCTOHIIIIlI II co C.n;BUrol\I, 06pa3yeTc peJIb-
ecpIla 3y6'IaTaH I10JIOC3 - BIITeii:Ka.
enOll1(o U3 pOM606, Ka)j(.n;bIii II3 KOTOpbIX COCTOIIT II3
.n;BYX KY nU'IIIKOB OCIIOBaIlllj\fH O.n:HII K :\pyrOl\IY, I1a3bIBaeTC
6ycal\!H. Pe3aTb K3)!(.n;ylO 6YClIIIY na'IIIlI3IOT OT TO'IKII nepece'Ie-
111m .n;uaroIlaneH, nOCTaBlIB pe3aK IIOCKOM <IlIa ce6 B 3TY TO'I-
KY U IIpII.n;ep)l{IIBa ero 60JIbllIIII\! naJIbQeM JIeBoti: PYKII. EOKO-
BOH I1aKnOII pe3aKa I1pll nOM 25 - 30°. II paBoH pYKoii: Bpe3aIOT
pe3aK B .n;peBecllIIY, a JIeBOH CJIerKa npo.n;BurmoT ero Bnepe.n; _
3TO nepBa I1a.n;pe3Ka.
3aTeM .n;om:e'IKY I10BOpa'IIIBaIOT ua 90 0 npOTIIE 'IaCOBOll CTpeJI-
KII. Pe3aK CTaBHT KaK npH lIa.n;pe3e Tpe}TOJIbIIIIKOB, 110 C HaKno-
1I01\1 25 - 30 0 . IIpll Bpe3aIlIIlI B .n:peBecllIIY pe3aK CJIerKa OT)I{IIMa-
lOT npaBOH PYKOH lIa ce6 - 3TO BTopaH I1a.n;pe3Ka. IIocne 3TOro
pe3aK CTaBT I10CKOI\I K cepe.n;IIlIe 6YClIIlbI no.n; yr nOM 45 _ 500 H
I10.n;pe3aloT ee.
PUCYIIOK, cocTaBneuIIbIii: H3 .n;BYX POB TpeyronbHIIKOB _
60JIbUlIIX C OCTpbII\IlI H l\!aJIeIlbKllX C rynbII\IH BepllIllIIaMH, I1a-
npaBJIelIIlblx I1aBCTpeqy .n;pyr .n;pyry, 110 co C.n;BHrol\I, I1a3bIBaeTC
eJlOIl1COU. IIpu BblIlOJIIIeIlIIII eJIO'IKU CHa'IaJIa'peT l\IeJIKlle Tpe-
yrOJIbIlIIKII, 3aTeM KpYIlIlble. .
HeCKOJlbKO CJIO)l{I1ee KpeCTIIKII, CKOJIblUlKH, 'IellIyiiKlI. QT06bI
BbIIlOJIIIHTb Y30P 1Cpecmu1Cu, I1a .n;OII1e'IKe O'Iep'IUBaIOT nOJIH, B
QeIITpaJIbllOe nOJIe HaIICKOCb BnllCbIBaIOT pOl\l6n'IecKYIO CeTKy. B
Ka)l{.n;OllI pOl\!6e ceTKU pa3l\!em:aIOT KpecTIIK H3 qeTblpex Tpex-
rpaHIIbIX oCTpoyronbIlblx TpeyrOJIbIIIIKOB BepWIIIIal\}H K QelITpy
pOl\l6a. CIIa'IaJIa pe)l{YT ceTKY, 3aTeM TpeyroJIbIlUKII.
LJ:AA nOJIY'Iemm C1COJlbIUl1C06 B cpeAIIel\1 nOJIe .n;om:e'IKII pa3-
BOpa'IIIBaIOT :\I1arOIlanI\IlI CeTKY TaK, 'IT06bI ITO QeIlTpanblIoll
I1p O .n:OJlbIlOH OCH I10JIY'IIIJIOCb TPH nOJJHbIX KBalJ;paTa, nOCTaB-
---
'  88 :?= _
--
II'IIIIhlX lIa yroJI. Me)l{.n;y KBa.n;paTaIvIH no npo.n;OJIbIlbll\! II TOPQe-
/lhl1 1'1'0)101lal\1 06pa3YloTc paBl106e.n;pelIIlble TpeyrOJIbIIIIKII (110-
/111111111<11 KBa.n;paToB). IIo npo.n;OJIbIlbII\1 CTopoIlaM-TpeyronbIIlIKII
1'.II"II')1'II1BaloTc JIIIIIIII\1H, napanJIeJlbIlbIl\m HX 60KOBbII\1 CTO-
pllll.II, na KBa.n;paTbI. B nonOBIIIIKe Ka)l{.n;oro TaKoro 1\I1I1manop-
lillro KBa:\paTa n:enaeTC TpeyronbIIIIK - CKOJIbllIIeK.
IIhlpe3aIoT 3TOT Y30P TaK. Pe3aK0l\1 no.n; yrnol\I 45" I1a.n;pe3aIOT
I IOpCJIIY TpeyrOJIbIIIIKa OT BepllIuIIbl K OCIIOBaIlIIIO. 3aTeI\I .n;o-
11t("IKY nOBOpa'IIIBaIOT I1a 180 0 . Pe3aK 6epYT 3a 'IepeIloK nmKoii
c II ('C() U CTaBT I10CKOI\I B BepllIImy TpeyrOJlbIIIIKa npll 60KOBOI\I
IIoI/{JIOIle 45°. QeTblpe I1anbQa JIeBoi!: PYKU y.n;ep)l{HBaloT 3arOTOB-
I\.V, ()OJlbIlIOi"1 naneQ YIlllpaeTc B pe3aK. npaBa pYKa lIa)l{Ul\1aeT
11.1 pe.:!aK, a 60nbllIoH naJIeQ neBoii PYKII npo.n;BIIraeT ero BIIepe.n;.
l'aK 1I0.n;pe3aloT CTOPOUY TpeyronbIIIIKa. 3aTel\1 lIa.n;pe3aIoT JIlI-
"'"' BlryrpII TpeyronbIIIIKa. IIocJIe 9Toro .n;Om:e'IKY nOBOpa'IIIBa-
III J' lid 90° npOTIIB 'IaCOBOll cTpenKlI II no.n;pe3aIOT Ka)l{.n;bIii CKO-
IlhllllCK B OT.n;enbIIOCTH.
LJ:n BbIlIonlIeUlIH pllcYIlKa lleUlYU1Cu B QeIlTpaJIbIlOI\I I10JIe .n;o-
II(I"IKII Bbl'Iep'IIIBaIOT .n;Ba o.n;I1IIaKOBbIX p0l\16a, ne)l{am:IIX 0.n;1II1 3a
lp,VrIlI\1 IIa I1pO.n;OJIbIIOll OCII. 3aTel\1 BIIYTPII Ka)!(.lJ:oro pol\l6a npOBO-
tIll n o.n;uy II B .n;pyrylO CTOPOIlY no nTb napaJIJIeJIbIlbIX nHIIuii,
1.1/<111\1 06pa301\1 Ka)!(.lJ:bIll pOl\I6 .n;eJIIJTOI ua 36 l\1aJIeUbKIIX pOM60B.
I '1I,I'laJIa nalJ;pe3aIOT CTOpOUbI 60JIbillOro p0l\16a pe3aK0l\1 C 60KO-
111,11\1 lIaKJIOIlOI\1 BnpaBO I10.n; yrJIOI\1 30°. Bce BIIYTpeIlIIHe JIUIIIUI
IIpope3aJOTc 6e3 lIaKJIOIIa - BepTllKanblIo. QernyHKII no.n;pe3aloT-
I II ma'Ian3 C o.n;Holl, a TImOI\1 C .n:pyroH CTOpOIlbI C HaKJIOUOI\1 600.
Pa3JUI'IIIble BapuaQIIII 3Meti:KlI C 3y6'IIIKal\lII 'IaCTO BCTpe'IaIOT-
I II II rCOl\IeTpn'IeCKOH pe3b6e II HOCT Ha3BaIlIIe KaiillIbI.
llluUl1COMU lIa3blBaeTC Y30P II3 .n;BYX PR.ll:OB conpIlKacalom:ux-
I II IIC'pIIlIlIlaMIf paBIlO6e.n;peHIIbIX TpeyroJIbHIIKOB, le)!(.lJ:y KOTOpbI-
III lI()pa30BaIla QenO'IKa pOM60B. POM6bI <1YTonJIeHbI no.n; Tpe-
\ 1IIIhIIl/KII. Ka)!(.lJ:blll pm16 COCTOUT B CBOIO O'Iepe.n;b 113 .lI:Byx Tpe-
\ III IIoII/IKO/:!.
II ,I/Ilii IICCJIO:>KIIOii no CBOIlI\1 COCTaBJIIOIltIlI\1 KOl\l6IIIIaQIIlI no-
IV'I,u'11'J1 ('JlO)f(1I0e conOCTaBJIeIlUe I10BepxlIocTeii: II CJIO)!(I1a pac-
h 1,1 lh.1 C'III'"/OInm, .n;aIOII(M COOTBeTCTByIOII1I1I1 3<p<p eK T.
---
- =<::' 89 - _
--

Upn BbIIlOJIIIeIlIIlI IllIlllIeK oCnOBaIIIUl TpeyronbnIlKOB nMpe3a-
lOT. JlO}]; yr JIOM 30°, TpeyronbIlIIKII H pOl\I6b1 no.n;pe3aIOT OAIIOBpe-
Mellno npnel\10M Bblpe3Ku TpeyronbnuKoB, no C 60KOBbIl\1 lIaKJIO-
nOM pe3aKa. P0l\16bI cpe3aIOT IIa .n;Be CTOpOlIbI npUei\lOi\1 cpe3Kn 6yc.
JI eCellKa.MU lIa3bIBaIOTC JIeIlTbl unll p.n;bI npMbIX unu na-
KJIOIlIlbIX, BbITIlyTbIX no BepTIlKaJIn rnecTuyrOJIbIlIIKOB, Ka)!(-
.n;brii 113 KOTOpbIX pa3.n;eJIen BepTnKaJIbIlOii OCbIO nonOJIaM, a 06e
06pa3Ylom: Ile I10BepXIIoCTlI naKJIOIIeIlbI K I1JIOCKOCTn .n;OCKU; no-
JIY'IaeTOI Aeii:cTBlITenbIlo IIe'ITO CXOAlIoe C JIeceIlKoii. B 3TOii KOI\I-
n03UQIIH CIla'IaJIa BbIpe3aIOTc .n;Ba pMa TpeyrOJIbIlIIKOB oIla, a
3aTel\1 cal\1a qJIlrypa. IIpllel\lal\lll «I10CK0I\1 I1a ce6 II «I10CKOI\I OT
ce6 npope3aloT r JIy60Kue JIIIIlIIH nonepeK JIenTbI.
MO)!(110 06pe3aTb JIeCeIlKY BIIIl3Y, TorAa olla 6y.n;eT IIa3bIBaTb-
C 06pe3I1oii JIeCeIlKOiL
CJIO)!(IlbIii:, cpaBlIl1TeJIbIlO pe.n;Ko BCTpe'laIOm: uHCSl B reOl\IeT-
pU'lecKoii pe3b6e Y30p - combl. COTaMIl Ila3bIBaIOTC p0l\16bI,
pac'Iep'leIlIlbie BIIYTpeIlIIlII\IH I1apaJIJIeJIbIlbiMIl JIIlIlUl\lII I1a TO
IlJIIl IlIloe 'IlICJIO l\1aJIenbKlIX pOM60B, B Ka)l{.n;bIll U3 KOTOpbIX
onucalla 'leTblpexrpaIlHa nllpaMIl.n;Ka.
1l0m:e'IKY C paC'lep'lellIlbIl\1 PUCYIlKOI\I 3aKpeIlnIOT TOPQOI\I l{
YIlOPY. Pe3aKOI\1 C 60KOBbII\1 I1aKnOIIOI\1 45 - 50° npOpe3aIOT 110 CJIOIO
Bce napaJIneJIbIlbIe JIllIIlIlI cnpaBa naneBO. TaK )!(e I10.n;p.n;, cnpaBa
BaneBO, npope3aIoT npOTIIBOnOJIO)!(IIble napaJIJIeJIbIlbIe nIlIlUll, 3;:J.ech
y)l{e pe3b6a Il.n;eT I1pOTlIB CJIO. 3aTeM 6pYCOK nOBopa'IIlBaIOT na
1800 I1pHeMOl\1 «IlOCKOI\1 I1a ce6 II C Tel\! )!(e IlaKJIOIlOM nIlCTpy-
MelITa nMpe3aIOT Ka>K,1l,blii pOM6 B OTlI;eJIbIIOCTII. HaKOIleQ, npu-
eMOM «1IOCKOM OT ce6 3aKalI'IlIBaIOT BbIpe3KY Ka>K,1l,oro pOM6a.
CXOlI;I1bI C COTaMU Ky6uKU. IIpIlel\101\1 «IlOCKOM OT ce6 pe3a
KOI\1 C 60KOBbIM IlaKJIOIlOM 30° I1a.D:pe3aIOT no CJIOIO o.n;I1Y CTOPOIlY
pOl\I6a II, nOBepnYB .n;OllIe'IKY, BTOPYlO CTOPOIlY. 3aTeM .n;OllIe'IKY
nOBOpa'IIlBaIOT IIa 180. II pe JIlIHlIII C .n;pyroii: CTOpOIlbI. TIpll
el\10M «IlOCKOM OT ce6 nmKoii pe3aKa C IlaKJIOIlOM 50° pe)!(y
nIlIIIIlI nonepeK, CIIa'IaJIa Bce C OAIlOi\ CTOpOIlbI, nOTOI\I C .n;pyroil
PememKou IIa3bIBaeTOI pOl\I6, pa3.n;eJIenIIbIii I1a l\1eJIKIU'
pOl\16bI, B Ka)!(.n;ON U3 KOTOpbIX BbIpe3aIlo 'leTbIpe l\1aJIeIlbKIIX
paBII06e.n;peIlIlbIX TpeyronbIIYlKa, BCTpe'IaIOllIIlXC B QeI1Tpe \I('p

________ 90  ,--
---
I'IIl<aJIII, lIJIn, nIla'le rOBOp, 'IeTblpe TpexrpaIIllbIe BbleMKH. Ha
pilC. 57 I1pUBe.n;eIlbI 06pa3QbI TpexrpanIlO-BbIeI\1'IaTOH pe3b6bI,
11;\ pIlC. 58 - cppafl\oleIlTbl oplIaMeIITaJIbIIbIX nOJIOc.
CKo6'IaTaH, U1I1I HOfTeBlIAHaH, pe3b6a. 3TO pa31I0BII.n;IIOCTb
I !'oMeTpll'IeCKoii: pe3b6bI. OCIIOBIIOH 3neMelIT cK06'laToii: BbIeM-
1\11 llozomo'K». CK06'IaTa pe3b6a I1pUMeIUleTc B pa3nn'lnbIX
I«)M6uIIaQIlx II CO'IeTaIlIlX (pIle. 59). Upn 3TOM lIcnonb3YloT
IIlInYKpyrnble CTaMeCKII C IllnpuIIoii: JIe3BII OT 5 .n;o 12 1\11\1.
lIa .n;om:e'IKe lInII 6pycKe O'Iep'IUBaIOT nOJI, B QeIITpaJIbIlOI\1
lIone OT.n;enmOT I1apanneJIbIIbIMIl JIlIlIII51I\1U nonocy, KOTOPYIO .n;e-
'I)lT lIa paBIlble npl\lOyrOJIbIlIlKII. B Ka)l{.n;OI\1 npl\1oyronbIlIIKe
IIhlpe3aIOT «I10rOTOK, OpUeIlTlIpOBaIllIblii: no npocplIJIbllOH OCII.
IL1IH 3Toro B JIeBoii 'IaCTlI npJIl\1oyronbIlIIKa B 2 - 3 MN OT Ka)!(.n;o-
I II Kpa nOJIYKpYL'lOii: CTal\1eCKoii: .n;enaIOT Iler JIy60KYIO BepTU-
I<all hIlYIO naCe'IKY, 06pam:eIlllYIo BOTIIYTOH CTopOIlOii: BJIeBO. TOH
1(1' naNecKoH C I1aKJIOnOM BnpaBO no.n; yrJION 60° .n;eJIaIOT nOk
r
-

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,'//, ()lIfJ(/,II!hl mpeXlpallIl0-6t;le,t'Lamoii pe3b6bt
--
 91  ,
---

pe3KY, I1a'IIIII OT npaBOH
'IaCTII I1pl\lOyronbIIHKa.
IIplI 3TOM IIIICTpYl\1ellT Be-
.n;YT BnCBO .n;O nOnYKPyr JIOli:
3apy6KII. B pe3ynbTaTe OT
3arOTOBKII OTCKaKIIBaeT
«1I0rOTOK, a BIIYTPH 06-
: -, : ,
pa3yeTc BbleMKa C nOJIY-
Kpyrnbll\1II KpI\!H.
ECJIlI I1PII BbIIlonnenllII
«I10rOTKOB B.n;OJIb CJIO .n:pe-
BeCII1lbI na.n;pe3KY Be.lJ:YT CJIe-
Ba, a no.n;pe3KY CIIpaBa, TO
npII BbIIlonIleIIIIH IIX nOIle-
peK BonOKOIl na.n;pe3KY npo-
H3Bo.n;m npllel\101\1 «I10CKOM ," '
I1a ce6, a nOApe3KY - ...;;k.._ /"",,- ::""L" :><;-'\i"' ;;ii!
npllel\!OM «IIOCKOM OT ce6.
I13 «I10rOTKOB MO)l{IIO
COCTaBlITb Y30P «3y6'IIIKII.
.D:JIJI 3Toro CIIa'IaJIa CIIIll\1a-
lOT cpaCKII B lIanpaBneIllUI
OT ce6. 3aTCI\! C I1a)!(HI\!OI\!
I10.n; yr nOI\! 20 - 30° CTal\1ec-
KY BpC3aIOT B .n;pcBecIIIIY,
naKnOIlHB ec BJIeBO, TaK:>Ke ..... ,1 
lIa.n;pe3aIOT 1I Bce OCTanbIlbIe
I10rOTKII, no.n;pe IIX C I1a-
KnOIlOM BnpaBO.
HorTeBII.n;lIble Bblel\1KlI
JIe:>KaT II B OCIIOBe Y30pa «rna3KII.
r .1la31CaJltU» I1a3bIBaeTC QenO'IKa cpOpl\! B BII.n;C 'IeqeBIIQbl
C ropH30IlTaJIbIlbll\1II npOpe31\1II I10Cepe.n;IIIIC. .D:JI BbIIlonIlellWI
3Toro 3nel\1eIlTa ClIa'Iana lIa.n;pC3alOT CpC.n;II10IO JIHIlIIIO C 06enx
CTOpOIl pe3aKOM C lIaKJIOIlOM OKono 20°. 3aTcI\1 6epYT nonYKpyr-
JIYIO CTal\1ecKY IIIlIplllIOii 10-12 I\!I\1 cpacKoii lIa ce6 II CTaB}! r
.>.'::JiIc.'"
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PUC, 58, C!>pal,tellmbl
Oplla.l>tellmallbllblX nOJ1OC
, 92:?= ,
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---:---=--:::::-: --:.._-..::-:--=--------
PUC. 59. Bbl1lO11llellUe «1l0l0mlW6i> 6iJollb CllOR
'1I'1Ih1M yrOJIKOI\1 IIaIICKOCb K npope3aIllIOH nIlIlHII. JIa.n;olIbIO JIC-
1I0ii PYKII y.n;ep)l{lIBaIOT 6pYCOK, a 6onbllIoii: naJIeQ ynIlpaIOT B
)II'(jpa CTal\1eCKH. CTaMecKY naKJIOllmOT lIa ce6 I1a 30-40°.
II panoii PYKOH, CJIerKa lIa)l{III\Ia lIa CTal\lCcKY, Bpam:aIOT ee no
OhPY)!(I10CTH JIe3BH. Bpam:emIIo nOI\!OralOT 6onbllIIII\! naJIbQeM
1!'lIoii PYKII. TaK )l{C pe)!(YTc «rna.:!KII II (' .n;pyroii CTOpOllbl.
/';lImc )!(C B BII.n;e qe'IeBIIQbl cpOPMbl, .n:OIlOJIIIeIIIlbIe no KOpOTKOii
II II IGlK Ubi Bpe:-JaIllIbIl\lII C 06eIIX CTOpOIl paBllo6e.n;pCllIIbII\HI Tpe-
10 'I hI IIIKaNII, I1a3bIBaIOTCJI c/JOllapUKaMU. 3TII CPOpNbI pa3I\1cm:e-
111.1 II pO!\I6rl'IeClmx qei-iKax CeTKH, COCTmlm:eii: II3 'leThlpeX O.l{IlIIaKO-
111./\ pOM6oB, BnIIcaIlllbIX B QeIlTpaJIbIlOe nonc 6pYCKa IInlI .n;Om:C'IKII.
/'1 111 IIhIIlonlIemm cpoIlapnKoB CIIa'IaJIa pe)!(YT pOl\I6II'IecKYI0 CeTKY,
1111'1\1 B pON6IPfCCKIIX eiiKax BbIpe3aIOT «r na3KII B.n;OJIb II none-
I" h IIO]JOKOII, a nOTOI\1 pe)!(YT .n;onOJIIHIIOm:IIC TpeyronbIIIIKII.
'[ CWYU1CU IIonYKpyrJIbIe, lIrpaIOm:ue O'iellb 60JIbllIYIO pOJIb B
I. OMl'rplI'IeCKOii pe3b6e, pa31\1e'IaIOTC.H IIIIa'IC, qel\1 06bI'IIIble no-
'" II, II. BII<l'Ia.7It' pa3MC'IaIOT ropll30IITaJIbIlbie nonocbI, KOTopble
II 1111 .1.ITeN lIa paBIIbIc OTpe3KII TaK, '!To6bI cepe.n;HIla pacnoJIO-
1II'IIIIoro BbllIIe OTpc3Ka npllxo.n;I1n3Cb npoTIm Kpa IIII:>KIIero.
I' II" ITH IIClllyiiKH TaR )!(C, KaK II «lIorOTKn.
/.".".6a <fCUsmue. O,J:ua I13 nOCTOJUmo BCTpC'IaIom:HXC CPIl-
1\" II'OII'Tpll'[CCKOii pe3b6bI - «CHI1IIe» (pIlC. 60). 3TO cpIlrypa,
...-.
,  93 - ,
----

I
.
IIbIe I\IOTIIBbI TIllla 3J\I'
MeIlTOB <1CU5l11115l.
CTpO IIepeCeKaIO
m:I1ec OKPY)!(I10CTII IIa
.n;UarOIlanbIlOll CeTKe
BnHCbIBa lIX .n;pyr II
.n;pyra, a 3aTeM 3anon-
II nonyqIIBllIllec cer-
I\IeIlTbI pa3I1oo6pa3I1bl-
1\111 reOl\1eTpllQeCKIII\1H
NOTlIBal\1I1 TpexrpaIlIlO-BbleN'IaTOll II I10rTeBlI.lJ:I10ii: pe3b6bI, MO:>KIIO
nonY'IIITb QeJIbli p;'J; OpnflmaJIbHbIX KON6uIIaQUH (puc. 63).
,-  Cno)!(I1Ylo p03eTKY I\1bl BU-
.n;UI\1 I1a pUC. 64. IIpII paC'Iep-
'IflBaIlIIII p03eTKII o:\I1a OKPY)!(-
I10CTb 6bIna BmIcana B .n;pyryro
co 3I1a'IUTenbIlbIN oTcrynJI'eIlU-
eN K QeIlTPY. llIecTb KpynIlbIx
pa.n:uaJIbIlbIX neIleCTKOB COCTaB-
neIlbI 1I3 I\IOTIlBa «cpOIlapIlK.
Mc)!(.n;y «cpOIlapIlKal\1l1 pa3l\1e-
m:aIOTC, Beepo06pa3I10 pacxo-
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roo6pa3IIa p03eTKa.
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1H'.lb6bl. KOlle'IIIbIi-i: pe3YJIbTaT 3TOii: pa60TbI - 1I0JIY'IeUne IIa
IIlIlIepXIIOCTlI YKpamaeMoro 113.n;eJIII nJIOCKOrO peJIbecpa (pIle.
H J), T .e. H306pa)!(emIH IIJIII Opllal\1enTaJIbllbIX cpOpl\1 061>el\l-
IIblX (B OTJIII'IHe 01' BbIeI\W'IIIOrO XapaKTepa CPO pM B TpeX-
I paIlIIO-BbleM'IaTOH p3b6e), BbICTYlIaIOm:HX na.n; cpOIlOI\1, 110
IIIJII COXpallellll1l O.n;mraKOBOH BbICOTbI BCeX BblcTynalOm:nx
lIonepxnocTeii: II o.n;lIl1aKoBoii: fJIy6lIIIbI OCTaBJIeIlIlOro cpolla.
Il.nocKOpeJIbecpllble pe3b6bI 6bIBaIOT pa3I1bII\UI: C 3aOBaJIeIl-
IIhll\1 KOIlTypOI\1, C no.n;YllIe'IlIbII\1 cpOIlOl\I, C no.n;06paIlIlbIM cpO-
1I1I!\1 II .n;p.
n.lIOCKope.lIbecpIla pe3b6a .n;aeT B031\W)I{IIOCTb pe3IIIKY BbI-
1I(JjIllTb paCTIlTeJIbIlblH opnaMellT, II306pa)!(eIlIl}l nTIIQ, )l{1I-
11I1I'I1bIX, 'IeJIOBe'IeCKIIX <pllryp. 3TH )l{e B03MO)l{IIOCTII .n;aeT II
I\OIlTyplla pe3b6a, 110 TaM B pacnOp)!(elUlII pe3'IIlKa TOJIbKO
IIIIIII - 60JIee IIJIn Menee r JIy6oKa, B BIIL{e I1er.lIy60KOll 'Iep-
111'1 KII llJIII r ny60Koii npOpe311, 110 JIIIIIlm. ITJIOCKOpeJTbecpllaH
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t I<YJlhIITypllYIO cpOpl\1Y, raK KaK peJIbecp - 3TO pa3I10Bu.n:I10CTb
II<VJlhIITypbI. ECTeCTBeIlIlO, 'ITO 'Iel\1 CJIO)l{nee pnCYIlOK, BbI-
"pallllhlii .n;JI IIJIOCKOpeJIbecpIIOH pe3b6bI, Tel\-l pa311006pa3nee
111'1 il,(,11 6bITb If na60p IIIICTpYMenTOB. O.n;lIaKO Cal\lble I1e06xo-
IlIl\1hl(, I1I1CTpYl\leIlTbl - CTal\1eCKII IIpl\Ible, OTJIOrIIe, nony-
I pVlllhlC II KpYTbie nOJIYKpyrJIble pa31\1epOl\1 OT 3 .n;o 25 1\11\1,
. ""llap.lhl 2-15 1\11\I, Qepa3IIKH 3-5 1\11\1, pe3aKII 06bI'IlIble.
II pll IIhlOOJIIIeIlIIIl nJIOCKOpeJIbecpIloii pe3b6bl na KpynIlbIx
lilli' 11C'J'ax IIpIlj\feneTC l\IrKa .n;peBeCHIIa, npn BbIIlO.lIIIeIlIIII
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II III('p:J,a.
l'uCYIIOK, KaK n npIl KOIITYPlloii: pe3b6e. 1I0.n;roTaBJIIIBaeTC cIIa-
'1.1.'la II <JcKlt3e I1a 6Yl\1are, 3aTel\1 lIepeBo.n;I1TC lIa KanbKY II 'Iepe3
IIIIIIUPKY - lIa 1I0.n;roTOBJIeIIIIYlo nOBepxIIocTb .n;OCKlIIIJIn lIa IIp e .n:-
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Il'ii. I1I1CTPYMeIIT ,lJ,OJI)I{ell 6bITh XOpOllIO IIalIpaBJIelIIlbII\1.
Pe3b6o C 300aOJlellllbl.M KOllmypo.M. 3TO lIan60JIee IIpO-
I Tnii BM IIJIOCKOpeJIbecpIIoi.j- pe3b6bI. TIo TeXIIIIKe BbIIlOJIllemm
IIlIa noxo)l{a IIa KOIlTypIIYIO. TaK )!(e TO'IIIO .n;eJIaeTC CIIa'IaJIa 1I0.n;-
11I'.lKa no KOIITYPY pncYIIKa, BepIlee PIICYIIOK lIpOpIlcoBbIBaeTc
1<OllTYPOl\1 npll 1I01\1Om:H pe3aKa. IIpn pe3b6e (oc06elIIIo IIa nOBO-
pOTax) 1I0nepeK CJIO, CJIe.n;yeT cne.n;HTb 3a TeM, 'IT06bl pe3aK lie
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1I1I'IIIBaeTC Tel\1, 'ITO 3aOBaJIIIBaeT KOIITypbI Y30pa, T.e. IIpll.n;aeT
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IU'PXIIOCTII BrJIy6b KOllcpllrypaQHlO.
Pa3IIo06pa311ble npnCl\1bl 3aOBaJII1BaIllm, HJIII CIITII cpaCOK
110 JIIIIIIIM KOIlTypa, 1\1O)!(I10 BII.n;eTb lIa pIlC. 82, r,lJ,e JIHIIIIII II
(1)(111 'IIOKa3allbl B npocplIJIb.
cDacKII CIIIll\1aIOT 110 KOIITYPY plIcYIIKa paBIIOl\1epnO C 06ellx
l'Iopon. 3TO .n;enaeTC C IIOI\IOm:bIO pe3aKa, KOTOpblii: ,lJ,ep)l{aT C
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JIIIIIII, Tel\1 BblIIIe npllno.n;un-
l\1aIOT nHTKY pe3aKa. Ha np5I-
I\1bIX II nOJIOnlX KpIIBbIX nIl-
IUI5IX cpaCKY MO)!(I10 ClUmaTb
npnel\1al\111 «I1a ce65I1> II <lOT
ce61> (pIle. 83) II nTKoii: pe-
3aKa, npIl'Iel\1 pe3b6a n5ITKoii:
nOJIY'IaeTC 60JIee IlIcToii:.
ITpl\1ble II nOJIOrne KpHBble
JIIUIIIlI, oc06eIlIlo B KPynIloM
pe3b6e II lIa TBep.n;bIX I10po.n;ax,
3a.OBaJIIIBaIOTC I1p5II\IOii: CTa-
l\1eCKOH. JIe3BHe CTal\1eCKII npH
3TOfI lIanpaBJIeTC lie nepneII-
.n;IIKYJIpIlO K JIIUIlIH pIICYIIKa,
a CJIerKa I1aKJIOIIIIO. Pe3aTb
1\10)l{I10 C JIeBoi-i: II C npaBoii:
PYKII. Ha KPYTbIX II30rIlYTbIX
mIIUl5IX y.n;06IIO CIIIII\1aTb cpac-
KY nOJIYKpyr JIOli CTaMecKoii.
Puc. 83. BbLnOJl1leUue p03em7<:U KpYTble II BbwyKnble JIlIIIlI1I
1\10)1(110 3aOBaJIImaTb II OTJIO-
rllMH CTal\leCKal\1H, KaK C npaBoH, TaK II C JIeBOn PYKll.
ITJIOCKOpeJIbecpIIa pe3b6a C 3aOBaJIelIIIbiM cpOIlOI\! B Qe.lIOI\I
lIeTpy.n;oer-.1Ka, a PIICYIIOK nOJIY'IaeTC .n;OCTaTO'IUO KpaCIIBbII\1.
Pe3b6a c nooymellllblM cP0llOM. 3TO cBoe06pa311M pa3-
IIOBlI.ll:I10CTb pe3b6bI C 3aOBanellUbIl\1 KOIlTypOM, no JIlIIIIIH 3.n;eCb
3aOBamIBaIOTC n co CTOpOIIbI KOIlTypa, II co CTOpOUbI cpoIla, B
pe3YJIbTaTe 'Iero cpOII npII06peTaeT BII.n; no.n;YlIIe'IeK. Co CTOpOIlhl
cpolla KOIlTYP 3aOBanllBaeTC OTJIOrO, co CTOpOIlbI pIlcYIIKa -
60nee KPYTO.
II pIll\IepOI\1 pe3b6bI C nOlI;YllIe'IIIbII\1 <pOIlOI\1 I\IO)!(eT CJIY)!(I1Th
IIIKaTY nKa, BbmOJIIIenIIa B. II, BOpIIOCKOBbIl\1 (pnc. 84). 3.n;ech
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----
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1111, npIlrJI5I.n;eBIIIIIcb, 1\1O)!(I10 YBII.n;eTb, 'ITO l\1e)l(.n;y II3rn6al\1l1 BeT-
Iwii nOl\lem:ellbl MeJIKlle reOl\leTpll'IeCKIIe cpOpl\1bI, 'IaCTO nenpa-
IIIIJI, hIIoro npOII3BOJIbIIOrO CIuIY3Ta; 3TO II eCTb «nOL\YlIIe'IKII1>
IInanJIeIIIIOrO cpolla. B 3TOii KOl\m03IIQIIn, KaK II BO Bcex KOMno-
1I1I1I15I nJIOCKOpeJIbecpIloH pe3b6bI, I1pOCBeTbl cpolla IIMeIOT TY
hi' BbICOTY, 'ITO II peJIbecp caMoro pIlCYIIKa. Ho B OTJIII'IUe OT
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IIpIlJI<I!Ia CBO 3aKPyrJIeIIIIOCTb, CBO 3!lKOWlenIIOCTb, Ka)!(.n;bIH
III'ClCIICT npeBpam:eII B <lno.n;ylIIe'IKY1> II paBIIOl\1epllO <lBcnyxaeT1>
1111 '1llf>1 C BeTKoli nJIII I1TIIQell.
IJ pCJh6e C no.n;yme'IIIbII\1 cpOIlOI\l KOI\m03I1QII 60lIee lIaCbI-
1111'1111:1, I3 pe3b6e C 3aOBaJIelIIlbII\1 KOIITYPOI\I olla BblrAA.n;IIT rpa-
'1 1 11'11'1"1<11 II cyme.
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1111111('1'1 pC3h6bI C no.n;YllIe'IIIbll\1 cpOl101\! B}meTC pe3b6a C no.n;o-
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----
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B pe3b6e C 3aOBaJIeUllbIM KOIITypoM, cpopMbI OCTaIOTC IIJIOCKII-
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CmIl\1aeTC llJIII, KaK IIpIlIITO rOBOpnTb, BbI6HpaeTC5I (no.n;6I1pa-
eTC) IIa 60JIbllIYIO I1JIII MeIIbllIYIO rJIy6I1IIY (pIIC. 85).
IIpll 1I0.n;06paIIIIOJ'vl cpoIIe PIlCYHOK 1I0JIY'IaeTC peJIbecpIIbII\1,
IIrpa CBeTOTeIlII 60JIee BbIpa311TeJIbIloH. Ha l\1eJIKIIX 113.n;eJIIIX
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BII.n; pe3b6bI.
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KOHrypIIOii: pe3b6e. HaKJIOIl CTaMeCKII .n;oJ!)I{eIl 6bITb I1e3I1a'IIITeJIb-
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I pe6yeT 60JIbllIOrO l\1aCTepCTBa, TO'IIIOCTII PYKII II BKyca. B lien
r ;1l'.n;yeT 1136eraTb 60nbIIIoii: neperpY3KII, 113MeJIb'IeIlnOCTlI op-
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pe3KII OTBepcnIii: CIIa'-laJIa npOU3Bo.n;T 'IepIIOBYIO IIX 06pe3KY no
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penbecpIlbIl\1 Y30p0I\1. Ona no.n;pa3.n;eJIeTC$! IIa 6apeJIbeqmyro pe3b-
6y, C nU3KlIM peJIbecpOI\1, 1I rOpCJIbecpnyIO - C 60JIee BbICOKlIM.
PenbecpnM pe3wa OTJIlI'-IaeTC OT .n;pyrux BlI.n;OB 60JIbIlIeH BbIpa-
3IITeJIbIIOCTbIO, .n;eKopaTI1BnOCTbIO, 06I1JIIIel\1 CBeTOTenH, CB060.n;-
nOll KOMn03HQueH. IIplIl\1ep TaKOH pe3b6bI nOKa3aIl na pllC. 91.
r JIYXaH pe3b6a c nO,ll;06paHHbIM <l>OHOM. KaK II npOpe3I1a51
pe3b6a, olla nplll\1eIlReTC B OT.n;eJIKe Me6eJIII, npn BnellIneii: OT-
.n;enKe .n;epeBlInoH apxuTeKTypbI, npn xy.n;O)!(eCTBeIlIloM ocpopl\1-
neIlllII cpponTonoB .n;epeBHnblx .n;OMOB, .n;BepeH, CTaBell, BOpOT. n
npOIlIJIOM IlIlIpOKO npIIl\1ennaCb rJIYxM pe3b6a, B KOTOpOH CJIO)l{-
IIbIii pllcynoK 06bI'IIIO paCTIITeJIbIlbIX cpopl\1 (BeTBeH, JIlICTbeB,
nJIo.n;oB) C BKJIIO'IeIlllel\1 1I306pa)!(enIIii: )l(lIBOTlIbIX II nTlIQ COCTaB-
nn peJIbecp, T.e. CKYJIbnTypIlo B03BbllIIaJIC na.n; CnJIOIlInbIM, I1U-
KaK lIe npopa60TaIlHbII\1, lie npope3aIlnbIl\1 rJIYXllI\1 cpOIlOM.
PeJIbecpna5I pe3b6a C'-IlITaeTC Tpy.n;oel\1KOH, nOCKOJIbKY Tpe-
6yeT l\1aCTepCTBa II onbITa pe3'-1l1Ka no .n;epeBY, 60JIbllIOrO na60pa
lIIICTpYllIenTa (puc. 92).
IIpII BblIlOJIIIeIIIIII TaKoH pe3b6bl CIIa'-lana .n;eJIaeTC BepTIIKaJIb-
IIblii I1a.n;pe3. Ha.n;pe3 1\I0)l{eT 6bITb CTporo BepTllKaJIbIlbII\1 UJII1 r
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o6py6 no IWllInypy; 6 - nOape31w K OClI06G1lWO 1laape3a;
6 -- 6bl6opKa ,p01la lla'lep1l0; l - 3a06allU6G1me op1la"telllna II
/(/l{UC1IlKa ,p01la; a - pa3pa6omKa peJ1be,pa 6ble.fltKa,"ll, nope3Ka_'tU
(cmpeJllca_m nOKa3G11O 1lanpa6J1e1lUe a6WIl:e1lUR U1lcmpy_"elllna)
1I11I.1JIOI\I, T.e. co CKOCOI\I - naKnOIIOI\I OT JIIIInIIl pIICYIIKa B CTO-
pOllY cpOlIa, IIJIII )l{e C no.n;nYTpelIlIel\!, T.e. TO)l(e co' CKOCOI\1 _
1I.lIcnOIlOl\I B CTOPOIIY cpOIla, IIO TaK, '-ITO BbleMKa nOJIy'meTc B
II'IOCKOCTII cpolla IIIIIpe, Iel\1 na nOBepxnOCTII pllCVIIKa.
BCpTllKaJIbnbIii na.n;pe3, B oc06elInOCTlI C OTBa;OI\I, .n;eJIaeTC
11.1 IIc6JIbIlIYIO r JIy6IIIIY, 'ITO .n;aeT B03MO)l(II0CTb npll OKOn'Ia-
II' IhllOH OT.n;eJIKe'yrJIy6nTb cpOIl II HcnpaBIITb .n;onym:eIIIIbIe CpbI-
IIhl, .iilCe'IKU U npO'IIIe neTO'-lIlOCTII.
I [OCJIe BepTlIKaJIbIlOrO'I1a.n;pe3a .n;enaIOT no.n;pe3KY K OCIIOBa-
111110 lIaJI:pe3a na 3a.n;alIllYIO rJIy6uIIY, o.n;IIlIaKOBYIO BO Bcex '-Iac-
III \ IIpllaMeIlTa. 3aKOn'-lUB no.n;pe3KY, nplICTynaIOT K BbI60pKe
.1 111 11 a I/OIJ:06palIIIbII\1I1 no IIIlIpllIle OT JIOfIII\lII CTa;\leCKaMII.
[1.1'll/mUOT pe3aTb cpon na ne60nbllIYI0 rJIy6I1I1v. BbI6npalOT
· III IlII "Y)!(IIOI'.f rJIy6rIIlbI, nOKa ne CTaIleT BII.l{I10," B KaKOM na-
"I'.IIIIU'IIIUI pe)l(eTC .n;peBeCIIIIa. Cpe3ael\1bIii no CJIOIO cpOIl 6v.n;eT
1 101 IIII1M, 6JICCTm:UM II 6e3 3a;:J:IIpOB. "
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O.n;nOBpeMenno C npope3aIlUeM cpolla 3aQllm:aIOT II Kpa Op-
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pa311011 pa3pa6OTKlI pnCYIIKa OpIlal\1eIITa B penbecpe II llIIlpOKoro
lICnOJIb30BallIUI B opIlaMellTe cpOpl\1 paCnrreJIbIlOrO 1I )!(lIBOTIIOro
MI1pa (puc. 93, 94).
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pe3b6bl Bblpe3aJIIICb OT.n;e.'1bIIO, a 3aTeM KpenIlJIIICb B na.n;JIe)l{a-
m:IIX MeCTax, na cpp01ITOIle (BepXIIeii '-IaCTH OKOIIIIOro nanIIqlIU-
Ka IIJIII BXO.n;UOR .n;BeplI).
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B peJIbecpIlOll pe3b6e OqeIlb Ba)!(na pa3pa60TKa penbecpa na
.n;eTaJIlI. IIpll npopa60TKe pllCYIIKa nY)KIIO YMeTb opIIeIlTlIpOBaTbOI
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I 111111 l'U{aTeJIbIlO 1I IIlITepeCIIO 06pa60TaIlIlbie .n;eTaJIII. II03TOMV
I,UGUI pa60Ta Tpe6yeT 60JIbIlIOrO MaCTepCTBa H TananTa. "
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rl'1'1 nOCJIe OBna.n;enII BCel\1II nplleMal\IlI reOMeTpn'IeCKOH, KOIl-
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c 1\1111 bKY CKY nbnTyplla pe3b6a nal\1II0rO CJIO)l{I1ee BCeX IUlbIX
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("'11110 xopollIa .n;n 3TIlX QeJIeii JIIllIa, .n;peBCClIIIa KOTOpoii I1J1aCTII'I-
11,1, o.J:nopO.J:IIa no TeKCType n UBeTY II XOpOIlIO I10MaeTC CKYJIbI1-
I  plloii 06pa60TKe. OCIIIIY nepe.n; IIaqanOI\1 pa60TbI peKoMeII.n;yeTc
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IIII KOCTb. .n:JI npocYiliKII OCIIUOBbIii 6pyc nOl\1em:aIoT I1a CYTKII B
("VlllllnbIIYlo Kal\lepy, nocne 'Iero TOPQeBble Kp351 3arOTOBKU OTnIl-
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cTByeT oc060e npI1cnOC06JIeIlUe - TaK IIa3bIBaeMa KpeCTO-
Ollila" lIa TpeX KOIlQax KOTOpoii liar JIYXO 3aKpenJIellbI TPll CTanb-
IIble lIrJIbI. fllnCOBYIO I\IO.n;e.1b YCTallaBnllBaIOT OKono pa60qe-
ro MeCTa pe3qUKa TaK, qT06bI eMY 6bIJIO y.n;06I10 II 06MepTb
Mo.n;enb, H 06py6aTb 3arOTOBKY. 3aTeM Y Mo.n;eJIlI YCTallaBnII-
BaIOT KpeCTOBllIIY TaKI1M 06pa30M, qT06bI narJIYxo 3aKpenJIeIl-
I1ble lIrJ1bI KaCaJIIICb I\IO.n;eJIlI B Tpex MeCTax - Tpex «MepT-
BbIX TOqKax. TaKlIe )!(e «MepTBbIe TOqKlI .n;on)l{I1bI 6bITb OT-
MeqeIlbI I1l1a 3arOTOBKe. MepTBbII\IH OIllI na3bIBaIOTC nOTOMY,
qTO Y)I{e B npe.n;BapIlTeJIbIlOH qepIlOBOH 06pa60TKe oml COOT-
BeTcTBYIOT lIJIlI nO'ITU COOTBeTcTBYIOT peJIbecpy 1I 061>eMY 6y-
.n;ym:eii: cKYJIbnrypbI. qeTBepTa, pa60qa5! lIrJIa - no.n;BIDKIIaR.
Olla 3aKpenneTcR na KpecToBIIlle npll nOMom:II cTPy6QllIlbi
IInII BIUlTa C 6apallIKOI\1. nOcne Toro KaK KpeCTOBIIlIa YCTanou-
JIeila 1I I1eno.n;BII)I{IIble lIrJIbI KacaIOTC «l\lepTBbIX TO'IeK, npll
nOI\IOm:li nO.l\BII)I{I10H I1r JIbI 1\1O)I{II0 OTl\leTlITb, CKonbKO IIa,'].O
cpe3aTb (no TOJIm:lIIIe) .n;peBeCHIlbI B lI;aunOH TO'IKe, '1T06bl
nOJIY'IIITb nY)I{lIbIli: peJIbecp, BbI.n;BlIra no.n;BII)I{I1YIO IIrJIY BIll I-
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1\"fIlTb I1Y)I{I1bIH peJIbecp. TaK, nepeCTaBJI KpeCTOBlIIlY C lIr-
'lalII, lIaMeqa BCKlIH pa3 lIeno.n;BlI)I{lIble TOqKII H O.n;I1V nOlI;-
IIII)!(IIYIO, np01l3BO.n; 3al\1epbI rny6IIIIbI nOpe3Kl1 npII nI\IOm:H
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II I heM 3arOTOBKlI B TOqIlOI\1 COOTBeTCTBlIH C 3a,'J:aIlIloii: rllnco-
lIoii I\IO.n;eJIbIO. Pa60Ta 3Ta KpOnOTJIIlBa, Be.n;eTC nOCTenellIlO,
OT caMbIX BbICTynaIOm:IIX TOqeK K 60JIee r JIy60KHM no nOCTpo-
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MOTlIBbI CKYJIbIITYPIlOi-i pe3b6bI nOKa3allbI I1a pIlC. 97.
fioropo.n;cKaH pe3b6a. CneQHcpIlqeCKOH pa3IIOBH.n;I10CTblO
1'1 YJlbnrypIloll pe3b6bI BJIeTC 60ropo.n;cKa pe3b6a - H3ro-
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pc 1/l<,'KHe MaCTepa Bblpa60TaJIH nplleM pe3b6bI CKY JIbnrypbI H3
1.11. na3bIBael\1OH «rop6YIIIKlI - qeTBepTOii 'IaCTl1 Kpyr JIoro .n;e-
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'III}! BOJIOKOII lIa qeTbIpe qaCTH. IIonyqeIlIIaR 3arOTOBKa orpallll-
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III \ phi OU.n;lIbI lIa pIlC. 98.
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PUe. 98, Bblpe3allUe «l101OUI,eZO ]lvIUUl'KUJ>
/u'p>Ka 3aroToBKY Me)l{.n;y KOJIeIll\llI C ynopoM I1a CTOJI-BepCTaK.
B lIa60pe UllcTpYl\1ellTOB 60ropo.n;cKoro pe3'IHKa KpoMe 1I0JIYKpyr-
'lhlX CTal\1eCOK pa3JIII'IIIOH BeJIII'IIIIIbI eCTb CneQHaJIbHbIM 60ro-
PO/{CKlIi-'I» 110)1{ co CKOllIellIlbIl\f JIe3BUel\1.
[[ocne U3rOTOBJIemm CKYJIbllTypIIoro 06"beKTa pe3'IIIK npu-
nYIIaeT K pacnllcbIBaIllllO» nODepxllocTll cKYJIbnrypbl C nOl\1o-
1111110 pe3'II1QKorO UlIcTpYMelITa, IICnOJIb3Y Bce pa3II006pa3ue 1I
('01 aTCTBO TeXlIIlKH KOIIT}'pIIOii, 1I0fTeBIf.n;lIoii II BbIel\1'laTOH pe3b-
(1101. HanpIlI\1ep, lIIeilKII II rpy.n;KlI nTlIQ - KYP, neTyxoB, Qa-
IIl'JII>, naBJIlIlIOB - nOKpbIBaloT paBlloMepllbIl\lII nope3KaMII-nYII-
K.IMII, linn I10fTeBII.n;lIoll pe3b60H, XOpOIlIO Ul\lIITHPYIOm:eii: B op-
lIaMCIITe nTlI'-Ibe onepellue. BepxlI '-IaCTb KpblJIbeB C 60JIee
1'l'yrlllblMII nepbMII I1MeeT Y30P 1I3 nonYKpyrJIblX I1axo.n;m:HX
,I (lla na .n;pyrylO 'IellIyeK. IIepb KpbIJIbeB H XBOCTa 06pa60TaIlbi
lIapanneJIbllbIMII cnerKa I13rI16aIOm:I1MIIC 60p03.n;Ka1\1II «B eJIO'I-
1\\ . IliKYPY KOH 3arJIa)l{lIBalOT KYCKOM .n;epeBa, OT'-IerO lIe)!(lIbIe
III' 'IOlma JIHnbI IIJIII OJIbXlI 06pa3YloT 6apxaTncTYl0 nOBepxIIocTb,
II I p"na pa3.n;eJIeIla rny60KIII\111 napaJIneJIbIIbIl\lII 60p03.n;KaI\1lI.
IIII<YPY l\1e.n;Be.n;51 pa3.n;eJIbIBaIOT BonllHCTbII\1I1 H pa311006pa3-
1l1011I1 110 I1anpaBneIJIIIO lIa pa3I1bIX Y'IaCTKaX napannenbllbII\1H
!l0I'0,1 {Kal\1H, C03.n;mom:I1MH IInJIl03II10 TenJIOrO I\IOXllaTOro Mexo-
1111111 lIoKpoBa.
I )(jhJ11Il0 60ropo.n;cKa cKYJIbnTypa Dblpe3aeTC5I 113 rop6YIIIKll
"'/'11' (" no.n;CTaBKoii. ITo.n;CTaBKa, TaKlIl\I 06pa301\f, COCTaBneT
-----
.. =<::' 135 3= ,
 ____ <..-.::.J

I1eOT'bel\1J1YIO qaCTb 1I KaK 6bI npO.n;OmKeIIIIe CaMOH CKY JIbTITypbI.
3TO TIpI1.ll:aeT cKynbIlType QeJIbllOCTb II 3aBepruellllOCTb. ITO.n;CTaB-
KlI nOlI; CKYJIbnrypIlble cpllrYPKII KypO'IeK, ne'TYIIIKOB, KOIIeH, K03-
JII1KOB 06pa6aTbIBaIOT 06bIqll0 r JIy60KOi1 KOIlrypllOH nope3Koii:,
60p03.n;KaI\111-)I{en06KaMII, 1II\HlTIIPYIOm: lIMII B YCJIOBIIOii: cpOpl\1C
TpaBY, r.n;e «rYJI5IeT nTI1Qa lIJIlI «CKaqeT KOIIb.
I1I1TepecIIble cKynbnrypIIble lI3.n;eJIllli nOJIY'IaIOTC 1I3 pI1cYJI'Ia-
roH, TeKcrypIIOH .n;peBeClIIIbI: COCllbI, .n:y6a, celm, KJIella. IIpllp O I1.-
IIblH PIlCYIIOK ApeBeCHIIbI MO)l{nO COqeTaTb C CIIJIY3TOM II cpopl\1oii
CKYJIbnrypbl. CaM MaTepllaJI 3.n;eCb no.n;CKa3bIBaeT, KaK JIY'IlIIe lIC-
nOJIb30BaTb npnpo.n;lIblii pllCYIIOK .n;epeBa npn BbIHBJIeIlI111 06'beMa II
cpOpl\IbI CKYJIbnTypbl. IIpnpo.n;lIbriI PllCYlIOK n QBeT .n;peBecIIllbI 060-
ram:aIOT 06pa3, npn.n:aloT eMY OC06yIO BbIpa3I1TeJIbIlOcTb.
HeJIb, o.n;naKO, «pacnllcblBaTb nOBepxIIoCTIIOH pe3b60ii
CKYJIbnTYPY 113 TeKCTYPllOH .n;peBeCIIIIbI: PIlCYlIOK TeKCTypbI 6y-
.n;eT I1YTaTbC C pllCYIIKOM opnaMeIITa, olin 6y.n;YT MelllaTb 0.n;11II
.n;PyrOl\1Y. KOMII0311QI1 CKY JIbnTypbI 113 TeKCTYPHoii .n;peBeClIIIbl
,li,OJI)I{I1a 6blTb npOCTOH 1I JIaKOIIlI'IIIOH.
,l],oMOBaH (Kopa6eJIbHaH) pe3b6a.B CTapllllY Kopa6JIlI CTpOI1-
JIll 1I3 .n;epeBa. OCIIOBaHlIe perYJIplloro cp.'IOTa POCClIII OTIIOCIIT-
C K 6YPJlOH 3I10Xe IIeTpa 1. B JIereIl.n;apIIO KOpOTKlIH CpOK 6blJI
C03.n;alI 1\10pCKOH CPJIOT. 3a 2S JIeT QapCTBOBalln IIeTpa I 6blno
nOCTpOeJlO OKOJIO 150 JIlIIIeHIIblx Kopa6neii 1I cpperaToB, 60JIee
360 raJIep, OCIlOBaIlO 30 Bepcpeii:, BblpOCJIII Ka.n;pbl KBaJIlIcpllQlI-
pOBaIUlblx cy.n;oCTpOIITeJIelI. HY)I{.n;a B CneQlIaJIRCTaX 6bIJIa or
pOMIIOH. Cpe.n;1I ABYXCOT Y'IellllKOB, I1anpaBJIeIIJlbIX 3a rpaIII1QY,
6bIJIlI 11 CIIeQllaJIlICTbI no «y60py Kopa6J1.
CKY JIbnrypllble KOl\ffi0311QIIlI na Kopa6n AOJI)l(IIbI 6bIJIlI co-
.n;eHcTBoBaTb nOMep)I{alll1IO naTpI10Tll'IeCKOrO .n;yxa MOpKOB, BbI-
pa)!(aTh roPAOCTb PYCCKI1X JIIo.n;eH 3a CBOIO CTpaHY, pa.n;ocTb nep-
BbiX n06e.n;, clIMBOn1l311poBaTb MOIUb, ClIJIY, xpa6pocTb pOCCIIHCKlf,{
MOpenJIaBaTeJIeH. TaKYlo pe3wy no .n;epeBY CTaJIII I1a3bIBaTh Kopa-
6eJIbJlOn IIJIlI 6ap01fiIOH. CJIOJKIIO npI1.ll:YMaTb II pa3MeTI1Tb no.n;06-
IIbrii: pI1CyIIoK (pIIC. 99-102), 110 em:e CJlO)l{I1ee BbIIlonllllTb ero
TonopoM II AOJIOTOI\1 113 .n;OCTaTOqIlO TBeplI;OH, .n;onrOBe'IIIOH .n;pe
BeClIIIbI, KaKa 06blKIIOBellIlO IIIJIa I1a nOCTpoiiKY Kopa6JIeii.
------
_________ 136:?= 
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PUG. 99. TpuyN.£jJ Henmyuai?
110 C 3aMelloH .n;epeBIIIIbIX KopnycoB Kopa6JIeH MeTaJIJIlIqec-
IIIIIII, C pa3BlITlIeM TeXIII1KlI B XIX BeKe MacTepa-nJIOTIIHKI1 11
I"',I'IIIKII nepelleCJIlI CBoe I1CKYCCTBO lIa 6eper. HOllO I1aIlIJIO 11111-
IIII!Wl' nplIl\llII1elllle B .n;epeBHlmOM 30.n;'IeCTBe. CTaJIH YKpallIaTb
j 111111 II coce.n;CKlIe 1I36bI. Ha npuqeJlIlIIax II36 MO)l{II0 6bIJIO YBlI-
1"110 1I,106pa)l{eIl1l p"canOK ( p I1C 1 03) IIJIII
J ." KaK lIX em:e I1a3bI-
11,11111, «6epenmb (cpllrypa, 06eperaIom:a cy.n;I10 lIJIU .n;OM).
L()I\II3a (Kopa6enblla) pe3b6a 1I1\1eeT CB060.lUlblii: xapaKTep
11" 11('('11 .n;OCKe pacnonaraJIU cB060.n;1I0 pa3pa60TaIlIlblii pacTII
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.,., ,;\.\J... ',' :'!$';':.: ,.. ,, ' I
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:;',\: -.,.'.,-,.,:: '>",... 
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PUC. 101. reoplUii [Jo6edolloCel1i>
II' IhllbIii pllcynoK. JIenecTKII L\BeTKa, BII.n;III\lOrO KaK 6bI cBepxy,
1',II'IIOnaranII no Kpyry HJIn BnnCbIBaJIlI B Kpyr (l\IaCTepa III\leJIII
1\ 1111 (Y II cOJIIIQe). Cpe.n;1I JIIICTbeB II QBeTOB pacI10JIaraJIII 6epe-
111111., (tHIrYPbl nbBOB C 'IeJIOBeQeCKHI\IlI JIIIQaMII.
l(0pHeIIJIaCTIIKa. 3TO cKYJIbnTypa, C03lJ;allna5I cpaIITa3IIen I1PIl-
I'" (1.1. Oblpa)KellIlOH B nepenJIeTemUI KopneH, cY'IbeB, BeToK, B
p.'I'III'IIIbTX I1apOCTax (plic. 104).
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HeKOTopble o6II1,He npHeMbl pe3b6bl
npllCTynM K pe3b6e, I1a.n;o II3YQlITb CBOllCTBa .n;peBeCJlllbI, cno-
C06bI ee 06pa6oTKlI, a TaK)I(e pa3}IlIQll TeKcTypbI Tpex OCIIon-
IIbIX cpe30B - B;J:onb, nOIlepeK BonOKOIl II I1a TOpU. e . .npOIIIO
3aKpellIIB 3arOTOBKY IIa BepCTaKe, C yqeToM npaKTIIleCKoro onbI-
Ta BbI6npaIOT lIan60nee npaBnnbIlYIO TeXIIononno H3rOTOBnellIm
pe3I1bIX 1I3.n;enllii:. CIIaIana I1a.n;o OCBOllTb cpe3bI II pe3b6bI npo-
cplInbHbIX cpopl\1 na Tpex OCIIOBHbIX CTopOHaX 3arOTOBKH.
Cpe3 no HaK.lIOIllIOH (pllC, 105) BbllIoml5IeTC HCKJIIO'IHTenbIIO
no naKJIOlIIlOM JIlUllln K CJIOlO H B I1aIlpaBnemlll II,ZJ,ym: IIX BonOKon.
TaKoH cpe3 nOJIY'IaeTc IlICTbIM, rna.n;KUI\I, 6necT1lI1I1\1. Hec06JIIo-
.n;cnlle 3TOro npamma, IIanplllep cpe3 npOTlIB IIanpanneml5I Bono-
Kon, npllBo.n;IIT K 06pa30BaIlllIo 3a.n;npoB 1I CKOnOE.
Cpe3 norrepeK BOJIOKOH (pllC. 106) Bbmoml5IeTC nOnyKpy'rnoii
CTaI\leCKOH C ;J:BYX CTOpOIl (naBCTpeQy .n;pyr ;J:PYry) OT KpM 3aro-
a
Puc. 105. Cpe3 no lta'Kfl01l110ii: a - npa6uflbllO; 6 - llenpa6Uflb1l0
Pue. 106. Cpe3 nonepe'K 60/101<01t: a - npa611flb1t0; 6 - llenpa611fl"b1t/l
__________  142 '2=,--
--
I
IIIBKII K QellTpy. Pe3b6a OT
("('pc.n;lInbI K KpMM nell3-
()(')KIIO BbI3bIBaeT CKOJIbI.
Iia pOBIIOH TOPQeBOH nJIOC-
I<OCTII nanpaBJIeHlIe pe3a-
IIII - OT KpaeB K cepe.n:u-
lie (puc. 107).
Pe3b6a npMoH .n;BYX-
CTopoHHeH BbIeMKH none-
peK BOJIOKOH (pIIC. 108)
lI!JlnonneTC KOCIKOM
('lIa'Iana B BepTIIKanbllOM
1I0JIO)I(eIlIIll. 3aTeM nOCTe-
lIellIlO cpe3aIoT rpaIlIl C
IJ/UlOii: 1I .n;pyrOH CTOpOIIbI
}IIIIIIIII .n;o cepe.n;lIIIbI BbI-
('I\1KII, .n;ep)l(a KOC'IOK I1a-
J<.noIlIlo.
e3b6a .n;BYXCTOPOH-
IICII BbIeMKO, pacnoJIo-
)KeHHOH no HaKJIOHHOH
(pnc. 109), BbmommeTC
11.\ :-!<tKpenneIlIloll II pa3l\1e- Pue. 108. Pe3b6a none p eK 6 0
'I u flO'K01t
('II110II 3arOTOBKe B TPII npneMa CIIa'IaJI
!HI}} mlIllI npll BepTlIKanbIIOM' a pe)!(eTC npI\1M cpe.n:-
nOnO)!(elIIlII pe3aKa I1a 'nonIlYIO
a
Pue. 107. Cpe3 no mopu,e60ii
n06epX1tOemu
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...
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Pue. 109 P 
. e3boa no ltaKfl01l11Oii 'K 1tanpa6/1ell1l10 60flO1<01/
'=C" 143  :?= ..
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PUC. 110. Pe3b6a 6doJlb 60JlO'/WH
rny611I1Y BbleMKlI, 3aTeM o.n;I1a I1aKnOIlIIM cTopoIla BbleMKlI B.n;onb
BonOKOIl. BTopaH IIaKnonlIM CTopona pe)l{eTC B 06paTIIoM I1a-
npaBneuIIlI, TaK)!(e no cnOlo. Hec06mo;J:eIlHe 3Toro npaBlIna pe3b-
6bI npllBo.n;IIT K lIIepOXoBaTbIM cpe3aM, 3a.n;lIpaM 1I CKOJlal\1.
Pe3b6a npHMMX .lJ:BYXCTOPOHHHX BMeMOK B.n;OJIb BOJIOKOH
(pllC. 110) BbmonneTC 6e3 OC06bIX 3aTPy.n;I1enHii:, ecnII nlllUllI
TeKcrypbI ro.n;lI'IUbIX CJIOeB rrapannenbIlbI 60KOBbiM KpoMRaM 3a-
rOTOBKII II IIMelOT npMocnoHuoe cTpoelIlIe. CIIaIana npope3aeT-
C cpe.n;Im nllIlll I1a rny6Imy BbleMKlI, a 3aTel\1 60KoBbIe rpalIlI
no naKnOllIlbIM nIIIIlIM B m060M I1anpaBneIlIIII. Ecnll BonOKIIa
;J:peBeclIIIbI HMelOT OTKnouelIlle OT npMoH JIIIIIlIlI II CBlIneBa-
TOCTb, TO pe3b6a BbmonlIeTC lII1a'Ie: cIIa'Iana BepTIIKaJIbllO B
o.n;nOM nanpaBnenllll ripope3aeTC cpe;J:n nllIlll 1, 3aTeM 60-
KOBbIe rpanll B IBYX uanpaBneIlllx 2 H 3 (pllC. 111). fnaBllOe,
1 z
PUC. 111. Pe3b6a d6yxcmOpoll1leii 6bte,M'/W
,-,
144:?= 
-----
'110()bl pe3aK npoxo.n:nn B.n;OJIb BOJIOKOn, no cnOlo. Pe3b6a no
IlI'lIpHMOCnoHnoH .n;peBecllIIe Tpe6yeT aKKypaTnocTlI 1I lIaBblKa.
Pe3b6a BbleMKH, paCnJIO)KeHHOH no KpHBOH HJIII no OKpY)K-
IIUCTIf (pile. 112), BbmOmIReTC cJIe.n;YIOm:IIM 06pa301\1. Pa3l\1e-
'II'IIIIYIO 3aroToBKY npope3alOT nonYKpyrJIOH CTal\1eCKOllllnll KO-
1'I1I{()j\f crra'Iana no cpe.n;neH nllIlllII, 3aTeM pe)l{YT 60KoBble rpalIlI
IIhl('j\(KII B I1anpaBneIIIIRX, YKa3allIlbix na pllcyuKe cTpenKal\UI.
lIa>KIIo, 'IT06bl ne3Blle CIIlIMano cTpy)!(KY B.n;OJIb BOJIOKOII. Cne-
IIY('T 06pam:aTb oc060e BIIHMalIlle I1a yqaCTKII BCTpe'IlI rpalIeH
IIhH'I\1KlI. CnTlIe .n;peBecIIIlbI .n;OJI)!(I10 npoxo.n;IITb cTpY)!(Ka B
n PY)!(KY (T.e. rro o'Iepe.n;lI C Ka)l{.n;oH CTOpOlIbI). Pe3b6a no KPIl-
lIoii IInlf KpyrnM BbleMKa, pacnono)!(eIlna na nnOCKOCTH Bono-
"011 .n;peBeclllIbI, nonYlaeTc XOpOllIO, ecnII pe)l{eTC B 'IeTbIpex
11.111 paBnelIlIx.
Pe3b6a nOJIYKpyrJIOH BMeMKH, pacnOJIOeHHOH HaKJIOHHO
(pile. 113), BbmomHleTC c Y'IeTOI\1 I1anpaBneIl CJIoeB ro.ll:II'IlIbIX
I(oJleI, TaK KaK nonyKpyrnoH cTaMecKoH B O.n;IIOM I1arrpaBnemlll o.n;I1a
("l'OpolIa Bblel\1KII pe)!(eTC XOpollIO II lIMeeT r na.n;KyIO nOBepXIIOCTb, a
IlpyraH MeT npOTIIB IIanpaBnemm cno, II cpe3 nOJIyqaeTcH C 3a.l1.l1-
l'a1II .n;peBeclIIIbl. Y'IllTblBM 3TO, cne.n:yeT BbIIlOJIIITb pe3b6y B .n;BYX
III'0TIIBOnOnO)l{I1bIX I1anpaBnemillx 1 II 2 IIJIII no pacnOnO)l{eIlHlO
IIOJIOKOIl B .n;peBeCIllle, no CJIOIO. Cepe.n;IIIIa BbIel\1KII pe)l{eTc oc06eIl-
I A
!=
 -
II
II
A-A
6
",/I', 112. Pe3b6a no OKpY)/(1l0Cmu: I -IV - noc.lled06ameJlb'llOC'lnb
,'II" "/\('llllJl u1lcmpYJ1te1l11la I/O ceKl1/OpaJ1t; a - d6yxzpaltll{JJl 6btC,ltKa;
6 - nOJlYKpYZJlaJl
III
a
---
,  14S '
----

2
Puc. 113. Pe3b6a uaKR01t1taR
IIO aKKypaTIIO II oCTopmKlIo, TOIIKUI\UI cn05IMI1, cTpy%Ka o.n;I1oro I1a-
npaBJIelIa B CTpy%KY .n;pyroro. C06mo.n;M 3TII npaBlIJIa, 1\10%110 no-
JIY'IIITb Bblel\1KY C qUCTbll\1lI II rna.n;KlIl\fiI CTOpOlIaI\m.
Pe3b6a KpyrJIOH BorHYToH BbleMKU, pacnOnO)!(eIlIlOH na nnoc-
KOCTlI, BbmomHleTC .n;BYl\l cnoco6aMII.
1-il cnoco6. Pe)!(YT OT nllIlIIII pa31\1eTKlI, npoxo.n;m:eH napan-
nenbIlO pacnonO)!(elIlIIO BonOKOII, .n;o BepTIlKanbnoll mmUlI, I1ep-
nelI.n;IIKynpnoii II TaK)I{e npoxo.n;m:di 'Iepe3 QelITp (noKa3aIlo
CTpenKaI\llIlIa pIle. 114). MeCTa BCTpe'III cne.n;yeT pe3aTb OT Kpa
K QeIlTpy no BepTuKanblIoii nllIlllU.
2-ii cnoc06. Bblel\1Ka pe)l{eTC no BCTpelIIbII\1 napannenb-
I1b11\1 lIanpaBneIlU1\1 no
cnO1\1 cTpoelIII .n;peBecu-
UbI. B l\1eCTaX BCTpe'IlI
I1aIlpaBneIlllll pe3aIlIIH
cTpy%Ka cpe3aeTC none-
peK BOJIOKOII OT KpaeB K
QelITpy (pue. 115).
Pe3b6a Kpyr JIOH Bor-
HYTOH BbleMKlI, pacnoJIo-
»:eHHoH Ha TOPQeBoH CTO-
pOHe 3arOTOBKII, BbIIlOJl-
lIeTC TaK%e ;J:BYI\1 cno-
co6al\1I1.
a
I A
----
I A
A-A
PllC. 114. Pe3b6a 1\PyzRozl 6ble,'t1\ll
(t -it c1I0c06)
--
_________ - 146 3-= 
_<.....;::;J
f 1/ cnoco6 (pIlC. 116). Pe)l{YT 60KO-
1II,11\I ll,BII%eIIlUII\1II pe3Ia nonYKpyrnoi-i.
I 1,11\1('CKoii: B.n;onb cnoeB .n;peBeCIIIIbI. Ha-
III "lII.1lCIIUe pe3b6bI I1.n;eT OT QeIITpa BCKPy-
IIIIIYIO. napanJIenblIO rpaIlIIIal\l BbIeI\1KII.
2-il cnoco6 (pIlC. 117). Pe3b6a BbI-
1I"III1eTC no I1anpaBnemno OT IeIIT-
pa K Kpa1\1 no npl\1bII\1 lInll lIel\1I1oro
1I.lornYThII\1 mIIIIl1\1 OT IeIlTpa K Kpa-
III BLleMKII.
Kpyr JIa BbmyKJIa <l>0pMa Ha
II IIOCKOCfU pe)!(eTC B leTblpex nanpaB-
'II'IIIIX ;J:BYM cnoco6al\1I1.
.
-- ----+-----
,
PllC. 115. Pe3b6a
KpyzRoil 6ble}t1\ll
(2-ii cnoc06)
A-A
f
\
I
I A
Puc. 116. Pe3b6a KpyzRozl 6011lymoii 6bte It1\11 (t -11 cnoc06)
11.
A-A
/'/Ie. 117. Pe3b6a KPYV10il 6011lymoii 6btOtKll (2-il cnoco6)
--
. ________ 147 '
-

l-il cnoco6 (puc. 118). Pe3b6a BbmOJIIHleTC OT BepTIIKaJIb-
I10ii JIIIlIIIlI, n.n;ym:eii lepe3 QeIlTp BbmyKJIOCTII, K rop1l30llTaJIL-
1I0ii:, npoxo.n;m:eH lepe3 QeIlTp, B.n;OJIb IIanpaBJIeml BOJIOKOII
.n;peBeclIllbI (rroKa3allo lIa pIIcYIlKe CTpeJIKal\1I1).
2-ii cnoco6 (pIlC. 119). Pe3b6a KpyrJIOH cpOpMbI BbmOJIIIeT-
C no CJIOIO .n;peBecIIllbI B napaJIJIenbIlblx nanpaBJIeIUlHX OT Bep-
TIIKaJIbIlOH JIUIIIIII K KpaM BbmYKJIoit cP O pl\1bl.
Pe3b6a KPYrJIOH BbmYK.710H <l>OpMbI Ha TOPQeBoM cpe3e 3a-
TOTOBKU (pIIC. 120) BbmOJIII51eTC no lIanpaBJIemllO cTpoemrn .n;pe-
BeCHllbI OT KpM nJIom:a.n;KII cpOpl\!bI K ee BepllIlIlIe.
A-A
I A
Puc. 118, Pe3b6a 6bmYKJloii cpOp-'lbl
(1-u cnoco6)
Puc. t 19. Pe3b6a 6bmYKJlOU
cpOp.Mbl (2- ii cnoco6)
A-A

PUG. 120. Pe3b6a 6blnYKJloii CPOp"tbl na mopl(C6w/ cpe3e
---
____________  148  ,
c::.->____
Pl'3b6a JIUHIIU KpynHblx opHaMeHToB (pile. 121) Be.n;eTC C
1If'IIOJIb30BaIllleM pa3nI1'-lIlbIX IIHcTpYMeIIToB.
I\OIITYPIlM pe3b6a, HeCI\IOTp lIa npocToTY plIcYIlKa, Tpe6yeT
II.IIII>II<OB cBo6o.n;1I0ro BJIa.n:CHII pe3'IlIQKIII\1 1II1CTpyl\1eIlTOI\I, aKKy-
I'.IIIIOCTII II BIIIII\Iamm. )]:JI51 BbIlIOJIllellAA KOIlTyplloro pIIcyIlKa B
,1;lIIlIl"IIl\1OCTlI OT ero CJIO)!(I10CTII npIIMeII51IOT B .n;OI\IOBOH pe3b6e 60-
III t' <11\10m:llbIii:»- llIlcTpyMelIT II, B 'IaCTIIOCTIf, I10)!(1I-KOCKlI c pa3-
1III'IIIbII\1II yrJIaI\I1I 3aTO'IKlI, pe3aKII, CTaMeCKII-KOCKlI, CTal\1eCKIf-
YIOJIKII, nonyKpyrJIbIe CTaMeCKII, KJIIOKap3bl, OTJIOrIfe CTaMeCKII.
B OCBoeIIIIII cnoco6oB II npllel\10B 06pa60TKII .n;peBecHllbI lIa1.IlII1a-
111111111\1 pe3IlIKallI nOI\1O)l(eT KIIIITa B. f. EYPIlKoBa 1I B. H. BJIaCOBa
.JlOMOBM pe3b6a»-.
I
III
'"
--
....-::.
--
-:::::==---
=-
a
6
-------
Puc. 121. Pe3b6a .llul/uii: a - nOJlYKpYVlOil cmalteCKOii;
6 - Cl1la_'leCKoii-YZOJlKO.M
---
. =C' 149  r
c::.->___

B YKa3aUIIOH KHIIre nO.n;p06IIO 113nO)J(enbl npllel\1bI pa60TbI C
pa3nll'IlIbII\HI IIIICTpYl\1eIlTaMII, CnOC06bI nOJIY'Iemm pa3IIbIX pu-
cynKoB II Opnal\1eIlTOB.
Ha3HaqeHHe II BH,l);bI opHaMeHTOB
B .n;ooBoiI pe3b6e .n;n YKpallIeIlII )lU[}lIIm:a 1I npe.n;l\1eTOB .n;o-
l\1allIIIero 06uxo.n;a 113.n;aBlIa npllMeIInCjJ OpIlal\1eIIT. Ha naTIIII-
CKOI\! 3bIKe Opnal\1eIIT 03IIaIaeT YKpallIemle. 3TO Y30P, COCTO-
m:UH 113 pIlTl\lII'!eCKH paCIIOnO)!(eIUlbIX, qepe.n;YIom:IIXC pa3nlIQ-
IIblX H306pa3I1TenbIIbIX 3neMeIITOB. Cym:eCTByeT 1\11I0)!(eCTBO BII-
.n;OB opnaMeUTOB: cB060.n;I1ble paCTlITenbIlbIe 1\10TIIBbl, KOI\III03I1-
IHU C II306pa)!(emml\lII 3BepeH, nTIlQ, 'IeJIOBeKa, BCeB031\10)!(IIble
nneTeIlKlI II 1.11.
OpIIaMeIlT B YKpallIellllx .n;ol\1a CTpOIITC nO-pa3IIOMY - ("
c06mo.n;eHlIel\1 3aKOIlOB CI11\11\1eTpIlll II pIlTMa lInIl CO CB060.n;lIbII\Ill
BapllaIuml\1I1 B pa3I1006pa3I1bIX CO'IeTamIRX.
feOMeTpJl'lecrodi opHaMeHT (pIle. 122, 123) IallIe Bcero co-
CTOUT II3 pUTI\1WIeCKU 1I0CTpOeIlIIblx 3neMelITOB II COpa31\1eplIbIX
era 'IaCTen, COCTaBJlelIlIblX U3 KpyroB, CnllpaJIell II KpecToB, 3nr-
3aroB, yronKoB, BOJIII006pa3I1bIX II IIpl\1bIX JlIlIllIll n .n:pyrnx
cpuryp. OIlI\10)!(eT 3anonlIUTb m06yIO 110 BemI'IIllle nOBepxIIocTb.
feOMeTpIl'IeCKllii OpIlal\1eIlT B Bn.n;e mlIIlIlI, nOl\1aIlOH no.n: np-
I\1bll\1 yrnol\1, lIa nOJlOce, Kaiil\1e IInlI 60p.cuope na3blBaeTC Neall-
apWl. Ecnn )Ke Y30P 3anOJIlmeT BCIO 1I0BepXnocTb, Oil lIa3blBaeT-
C5I" CemllamblN.
feoMeTplIlcCKlIii OplIal\lenT nOBCel\1eCTIIO IIpUl\1eIleTC B pa3-
nU'IlIbIX BII,'1;aX .n;ol\1oBoii pe3b6bI, oc06eIllI0 B KOIlTyplIOii, reo-
l\1eTpUQeCKoi: II npOIIIInblIOll.
PaCTHTeJIbHblii, JlJIII JIIICTBeHHbIH, opnaMeHT (pne. 124) npe.n:-
CTaBneT c060ii OT.n;enbuoe CaI\10CTOTeJIbIlOe YKpallIeIIlIe B BII.n;e
.n;epeBbeB, BeTOK C nnCTbI\1I1, IBeTal\1lI. IIno.n;al\1H, TpaB II T.n.
unu opnal\leIlTaJIbllYIO 1I0nocy, COCTOm:YIO U3 nOBTopRIOm:IIXCfI
SJIel\1eIITOB. B ,'1;01\10BOII pe3b6e paCTIITeJIbIlbIll OpIlal\lelIT BbIlIon-
1151"10T npaKTU'ICCKn BO Bcex ee Bu.n;ax.
)KlmOTHblii, IVIII 300MOp<pHbrn, OpHaI\1eHT (pile. 125) npe.n;CTClB-
n5l"eT c060ii: II306pa)!(eUlle CTunll30BallIlbIX peanbIlbIX UJIlI cpallTac-
'=C'-150'
----
7
lSJlW-ln[[
2
 8
)l 
9

4
5
jgJ
11
6

PUC, 122. teO}ICmpUtLecKue oplla.Memllbl
----
'  151  ,
----

.
 .,,:I  '\,
.  '  ,-C......:rt!1
, .......... "f" '.,,;;jj, 1i
1"-.. ", :::-.o. ; 
:" "1
','' :
'. .' /""',,
'ih
,
'f
Ie O p ua ,/emnbl
PUC. 123. FeoMempzttLeCKl -
 " -1S2'-
 - 
--
 .,rf  ' ';"'-
\ %  -< -' \ j 'J/E. -- ",!\S\
,......,. .':;::.: . ,:'\.
\....r ..7f_ / "';'f' _
'J.:;:' _ ,..,,____;.-:--;-
.--- ........ '. - .
:::/
i'
II
I
P 124 PaC7nll1lleJlbUble OpuGJ 1 tem1lbi
UC, .
 =C"'-153':?=-
--

r . ... "0/
;  ",..
 :
.. 7;">
\ '4 <,
.t""',.__/'
PUG, 125, )f{u60m1tbte Op1tG,'telt11lbl
r::-,
_________ _ 154 -  
___<-.:::5
1
---.
PUG. 126. FepMbaUtteC'lWe opuGJ.te1l1nbl
III'ICCKJIX 3Bepeii: II nTIII. 3TOT Opllal\1ellT IaCTO BblllonwnOT, CO'Ie-
1 an o.n;ny TexIIlIKY C .n;pyroii, B pa3nll"'JIIblx BII.n;ax .n;OI\IOBOH pe3Wbi.
fepaJIb.n;H1JeCKHH opHaMeHT (pIlC. 126) - yKpallIeIlue, B KO-
I opoe BXO.n;T 1I306pa)l(ellll 0PY)l{II, 3I1aKOB, pa3nIllIIbIX CIII\1-
lIoJII!leCKllX npe.n;l\1eTOB, 31\16nel\1 II T.n.
JIeHT01JHbJe opHaMeHTbJ (puc. 127) - 3TO npMble IInll Kpll-
IIOJIIllleHIIbIe Opllal\1eIlTbI, oKai-iI\1AAlom:I1e IIoBepxIIocTb npe.n;MeTa
1t'lII pe3110ro 113.n;emm. Y3Ka51 nonoca 113m:IIoro II a)!(yplloro
pllcYIIKa neUTO'IIIOrO OpIlal\1ellTa, npoxo.n;51IIIa no KpaIO 113.n:e-
'11In, lIa3bIBaeTC lwiL1wii.
P03eTKa (pile. 12R) - CaI\IOCTOTenblla OpIlal\1ellTanblla
I I III I' 1\1 a , KOTOpM 3al\1KIIYTa B npe.n;enax OKpY)l{II0CTII IInIl npa-
11I1.llh1lOrO NIIoroyronbIIIIKa. Olla 1\10)l{eT 6blTb BblllOJIllella B pa3-
IIhlX BII.n;ax pe3b6bI - reONeTpIT'IeCKOii, penbecpnoii lUlU a)!(yp-
lIoii, npe.n;cTaBnena KaK OT.n;enbllbll\l YKpallIeIlUel\1, TaK II B 6ecKo-
111"1110 nOBTopIOm:eHc OpIlal\1ellTanbIIoii TIOJlOce.
fuKypHbn'i OpHaMelIT (pile. 129) BbIllOJIIHleTC B TexmlKe IIpO-
1"',lIloii pe3b6bI. 3TO YKpallIeIllIe CKOIICTpYIIPOBaIIO C n0l\101IIb10 JIII-
111'111(11 II QIIpKyJI5I 113 'IaCTeH Kpyra UJIII .n;pyrnx reOMeTplI'leCKIIX
'l'IilYp. 4am:e Bcem 011 npe.n;CTc\Bnell B BII.n;e a)!(ypllbIX npope311bIX
\I",II'IOK, KOTopble IICnOJIb3YIOTC B .n;OI\IOBOi-i pe3we KaK lIaKJIa,zJ:llble
I '1I'lI'lITbl ocpopl\1neIIII5I )!(IInIIm:a - B no.n;30pa..X, cpUJIellKaX II T.n.
I '-'I(' rCHKa (pile. 130) - Opnal\lellT B BII;:J:e nepenneTell1I5I no-
1111 . .11('IIT, cTe6neii, QBeTOB II .n;pyrlIx 3JIel\1eIlTOB.
\pa()ecKII (puc. 131) - I1acbIU(eIlIIblii U C}1O)!(lIbIll OpIlal\IeIIT,
.. III 111.1 II II hIii I1a npnxoTnIlBOI\lnepeIIJIeTeIlIlII reOl\leTpHIeCKIIX II CTU-
---
=C" 155 S-- r
----

"
'I
,
'1
J \
t'
)1 -
 
i,
I;f
PUC. 127. JI e1l1nOl/1lble OpllaM.e1l11lbl
PUG. 128. P03emKU
----
_________ 156 
c:-;____
----
157 ,
----

Pue, 129. A)/{ypllble Oplla}lell1l'lbl
----
,  158  
----
Pue. f 30. fl.aeme7l1w
---
' =C" 159 - ,
----
II
I:
,
II
II
11
I
j
I
I
I:
II
"
"
"
1"
I
I'
'I
/
I'll
I
!i'
1,1
I]
jl

I, I I I .
" "  h, J'j 1" I I 
i," ,,)' '. ,JI " >,t I I I " .!  /II ;;.
I' , " "( ,1\ f ,'" ;" .  ''
  .", I
,. I' 'f] t f1 ' , 1.' 
 " 1'1 ::,,:' ,il \\ I :"'"  /' . ,J" ' .
iI'" CY  .)\,: \. .1 \ i  , '  f' Q ':' \ J' I, ,
, 'Y, n '. 'J., 1 , " ,i m '
, ,- '. '. -, .. i I tl J.' ] 1 I
 .,t}Ii.,I' , :. ,,'tl:,:,  :' -d'1 'I
iP,' .!'I,,[;":' ,!  t ""t .)ijlJ".',1I ,' "\'" 'i'    ,,  , .;1;1
..I I) ,-,\ ,,_____.':'1 . \ i' d ' It Id ," "',
I '  'f,  IJI!' I t, I"  '
'1" ;'" \, " "J" j ,' 1 I, 'I " 
.,'Il ....., I '  'J i "
, ". . . I f, 'IT .
I 11 t \ &
;..,."''''' ,r' ,.-,::' '1'::,:,-/. ,. J \ ,.'
':,, . . ,,t'1 \.....DJ
". ...! I . .'I I I "".. ...;.'.1,... I
".{" --'f ."
PUc. 131. Apa6eC1w
---
-------=<2' 160 '
____<-;:;;.J
PUG. 132, flaJlb.ftIC7n7nbl
1I1.10IJaIIIIbIX paCTlITeJIbIlbIX I\IOTIIBOB. HaIl60JIee xapaKTepelI lI'Iam:e
11C"1I()JIb3yeTc na BocToKe .n;n YKparneIlAA pa3JIII'IIIbIX 113.n;eJIIIH.
lIaJIbMeTTa (pllC. 132) - Beepo06pa3I1bIii paCTlITeJIbUbIii op-
1I.1leIlT, 06bl1II0 BeIl'IaIOIlUIll pe3I10e YKpallIeIlHe.
BCTpe'IaeTC TaK)!(e B BH.n;e opnal\1eIlTaJIblIOii I10nOCbI IIa cppn-
.11' IIJIII .n;pyrOI\I 3JIel\1enTe 3.n;aIl1l5I.
BeHoK (pIIC. 133) - 60JIbllIeii laCTbIO llJIaCTI-I'IIIbIM opuaMeIlT
" paCTIITeJIbIlbIl\1 1\10TlIBOM, IllI0r.n;a I1epeXBa'IelIllbIii JIenTal\1H.
\
.

PUG. 133. Belllw
---
 161  r
----
"'"._ 
I . 711

PUG. 134. EYGbl
6YCbI (plIC. 134) - Opnal\1eIITaJIbIIM nOJIoca, COCTom:a 11.1
rnapoB II npo.n;OJIroBaTblx 3JIeI\1eIITOB.
6YKJrn (pIIC. 135) - YKparneIIlIe 113 p.n:a KOJIeQ, B QeIITpl'
KOTOpbIX IIaxo.n;lITC p03eTKa.
fn.n;pOH (pllC. 136) - OpIIal\1eIIT B Bu.n;e nOBTOpIOmIIxc I
nOJIyoBaJIbIIblX lIJIlI BbITI1YTbIX BbmYKJIbIX <JJIel\1eIITOB: Bbl-
KpY)I{eK IVIII KaIlIleJIIOp.
)Kryr (pllC. 137) - BlITOii noc (opnal\1eIlTaJIbIIM nOJIoca)
Hnll BbmYKJIOe YKparneIIlle.
PUG. 135. EYKJlU

------------- =C" 162 3= ,
----
PUG. 136. TuJpoll
PUG. 137. )/{zymbl
rlfpJlH.n;a (pIIC. 138) - BOJIl1006pa3IIoe YKparneIlIIe, COCTaB-
'1I'IIIIOe 1I3 JIIICTbeB, QBeTOB, cpPYKTOB 1I nelIT.
I
I
I"
1'1'
PUG. 138. TUP,Ml1lJbl

=C:' 163  
---

"
I
,I
II
I
1 1 
.1 I'
I
 '1 1 1 1: 1 ! !'
PUG. 139. BaJl10mbl
Ba.moTa (pllC. 139) - YKparnellIIe 1I3 ClinpaneBlI.lJ:IlbIX 3aBlITKOB.
3aBllToK (pllC. 140) - Opnal\1eIITaJIbIIbIH 1\1OTlIB, cocTom:l1ii
n3 1I3r1l60B B BII.lI:e CllllpaJIII, Kpa KOTOpoii: 3aKpY'IenbI .[{JI YCII-
JIeIIII llJIaCTlI'IIIOCTlI.
PUG. 140. 3aeumKu
KapTYIII (puc. 141) - Opnal\1eIlT (BIlIIbeTKa) C na.n;mlCblO
(QUcpPOH, 31\16JIe1\1OH, BeII3eJIel\1 II T .n.), paCIIOJIO)l{eHIIblH B Qell
Tpe llJIOCKOCTlI B BII.n;e CBUTKa C 3aBepuYTbII\1lI KpAAI\UI.
-----
. =-E" 164  ,
----
-,-- 
PUG. 141. Kapmywu
-----
. =-E" 165 - ,
----

naHHO (plIC. 142) - OT.n;eJIbIla 'IaCTb IInOCKOCTII, orpallil
'leIlIla pal\1Koii IIJIH JIeIlTOll opIIal\IeIITa, 3anOJIIIeIIIIaH I130Up.I
)l{eUHeM KaKOii-JI1I60 K0l\1II0311QIIIL
rjf-.... I "...*  
'ft-:..-:' 'P *.i;i8
,7  m-w-
 " "
" .' "
.... '. fI'"
{S ' V
AJJ 4, \ _ 12 ,,\1
  . 'I <=>0<:>
I..W 'I !:),
A' -'0
 \\i)" db
&" e ' ,'I::
'1 ,
" @
; I' 
PUG. 142. llallllo
---
___________ =C" 166  
c:.....;<.....::;;.;
I'
'I
I
"
JIICMeT (pile. 143) - 06bI'lIlO YKpaIIIelIIIa ITJIOCKOCTb nOJIY-
I. II' l'noii cpOpMbI lIa.n; .n;Bep1\1lI IlJIII OKHaI\1lI.
I"
px
A.C.Ah
PUG. 143. JhOILClnbl
----
167:?= r
----

Puc. 144. TopoihW6bte OpllaMe71mbl.
fOpO.ll.KOBbIH opnaMenT (pllC. 144), xapaKTepIlblH .n;JI5I I1apoJ.{-
noro IlCKYCCTBa, COCTOlIT 113 neCKOJIbKlIX 3y6'IaTbIX nOJIOC, nono-
)l{ennbIX o.n;I1a na .n:pyryIO B BlI.n;e CTyneIleK.
Ho 3TlII\1 lie IIC'IepnblBaeTc Bce l\1I1or006pa311e Opllal\1eIIToli.
<1>aIITa311, BKYC, I\1aCTepCTBo pe3'lIIKa Bcer.n;a no.n:cKmKYT ny)!(
nbIii .n;eKop 113.n;eJIII.

i....., .--
Xy.n;O)KeCTBeHHbIe H3.n;eJIJI.H Jl3 .n;epeBa
Bbl60p MaTepllaJIa .n;JI 3aroToBKlI npo1l3BolJ;lITC B 3aBlIClI1\1OC-
TII OT pa3Mepa 1I3.n;enll, cpOpl\1bI KOI\1ll0311QIIn II BIl.lI:a pe3b6bl.
3aroToBKlI .n;JI nJIocKopeJIbecpnoll pe3b6bI Bblpe3aIOT lI3 .n;o-
('01(, .n;epeBnnblx nJIIlT, .n;JI TOKapnblx pa60T no.n;6IlpaIOT 6pyc-
1< II nJIlI ne06pa60TaIlIlYl0 .n;peBeclIny.
3aroToBKlI .n;JI 06'beI\UlOH pe3b6bI BbIpe3aIOT 06bI'I1I0 113 Mac-
('IIBIIOn .n;peBeClIlIbl. B 3aBlIClII\1OCTIl OT pa31\1epOB 1I KOl\1ll0311QlIlI
1I.I.n;eJIII I\1aTepIlaJIOI\1 I\lOrYT CJIY)l{IlTb .n;epeBlIIlble 6pYCb, Kp-
>J<11, nUll, a TaK)I{e .n;pyrlle eCTeCTBeUIIbIe 06pa30BaII1I. )KeJIa-
rcnbIlo, 'IT06bl Bce .n;eTaJIII 1I3.n;enll YJIO)l{IlJIIICb5.> B 3aroToBKY.
B 3T0l\1 cJIY'lae lICKmO'laeTC no.n;ronKa II CKJIellBalIlIe .n;eTaJIeH.
Ba)!(HOe 3I1a'leUlle (meeT BbI60p .n;JI 3arOTOBKlI nopo.n;bl .n;pe-
IU'CIIUbI B 3aBlICIII\1OCTlI OT npIIIIHTbIX KOl\m03IIQIIH, cpaKTypbI 1I
I(BeTa II3.n;eJIII.
113roToBJIeHHe }KeHCKHX YKpameHHH
. )KeIlcKHe YKpallIenll peK0I\1eu.n;yeTc .n;eJIaTb 3aKOIl'IenIlbll\llI
ra, pmITypal\UI BKJIIO'lalom:lII\UI nOJIIIbIH I1a60p Il3.n;enIIH, 'lT06bI
1I.I.n;ep)l{aTb lIX B e.n;IIHOI\1 CTlIJIe, lJ;0611TbC 3aKOH'lenHOCTII KOI\1-
11I1.UlQIIIl B CO'leTalIlIIl C KOCTIOI\101\1.
fIo KonCTpYKQlIII, cpopl\1e, l\1aTepnaJIY" TeXIIIIKe 113roTOBJIemffi 1I
C IT/(t' nKe )l{eHCKlle YKparneHII OTJIlI'laIOTC 60JIbllIIlI\1 pa3IIoo6pa3Il-
I'M. 06m:lIe Tpe6oBall K 3TlII\1 1I3.n;eJIII1\1 CBOTC K pa3BlITI1IO
I pa,nUIIOIlIlbIX cpopl\1, OpllflmaJIbIlOCTlI, 1I3m:ecTBY OT.n;eJIKII.
()ClIOBHbII\1 I\1aTepIlaJIOI\1 .n;JI YKpallIeuIIH CJIY)I{IlT .n;penecIlIIa 6-
1111111, rpYllIIl, p6I1nbI, nJIo.n;OBbIe KOCTO'lKII. Pe3'lHK-JII0611TeJIb
(oJDKeIl I1CKaTb OpllfImaJIbIIYIO K0l\1n03IUHno II cpopl\1Y YKpallIeIlIIll
II ('OOTBeTCTBenno BbI611paTb I\IaTepUaJI.
.-..
=E' 169 '
, ----

)KeucKlle YKpallIeIIII B 60JIbllIllnCTBe CBOel\1 OTUOCTC K 1\111-
IIl1anOpIlbII\I II3.n;eJI.1I1\1. Ha lIX lIe60JIbllIoii: nOBepXIIOCTII TPy.n;1I0
nOKa3aTb TeKCTYPY TaIlreUQlIaJIbIlOrO Cpe3a .n;peBeCI1UbI. 3aTo C
ycnexoM MO)l{eT 6bITb IICnOJIb30BaIla TeKcTypa TOPQeBbIX Cpe30B
OT.n;eJIbUbIX nopo.n; aKaQIIII, CyqKOB COCllbl, 1\1O)I{)I{eBe.1bllllKa 11
.n;pyrllX .n;epeBbeB, IIl\IeIOm:IIX a)l{ypHblii PIICYIIOK rO.n;U'!lIbIX KO-
JIeQ C Cep.n;QeBlIlIllbll\lII JIY'Ial\1l1.
llpll JIl0601\1 cnoc06e OT.n;eJIKII .n;peBeClIlla lie .n;OJI)I{ua noxo-
.n;IITb lIa nJIaCTI\1aCcy, MeTaJIn lIJIlI .n;Pyrlle l\1aTepllaJIbl.
B rapIlIITYP )l{eIlCKIIX YKpallIeIluii: BXO.n;51T: 6paCJIeT, KOJIbe,
6POllIlI, noca, nyroBlIQbl 1I .n;Pyrlle npe.n;l\1eTbI.
B CB311 co CpaBIlIlTeJIbIlO 1\1aJIbII\1II pa31\1epal\111 npe.n;l\leTOB
IInII .n;eTaJIei-\: npIII\1eIlIOT oc06ble cnoc06bl II npIIcnoc06ne-
1I11 .n;JI IIX 06pa60TKlI. .n:eTaJIII nOBTopIOm:IIXC cpOpl\1 113-
rOTOBJIIOT 1I3 3arOTOBOK B Bu.n;e 6JIbKOB. TIoCJIe 06pa60TKII
6JIOKOB npOII3Bo.n;I1TC UX pa3pe3Ka. ITpu 3TOllI TeXIIOJIOnl
06pa60TKlI 3aBIIClIT OT lIaJIlI'IlI TeXlIIl'IeCKlIX cpe.n;CTB II IIII-
CTpYl\lellTa.
EpaCJIeTbl
060PY,ZJ;OBaHlIe, IIHCTpYMeHT, MaTepllaJIbI. He06xo.n;Ul\1bI:
1) TOKapIlbrii: CTaIlOK;
2) TOKapIlbIe pe3QbI no .n;epeBY: qeplloBoii, qUCTOBOll, paCTOq-
1I0i-\:, OTpe3I10ll;
3) 6apa6allbI IIIJIucpoBaJIbllble C lIaKneelllloH IIIKYPKOH pa3-
JIlI'IlIoii: 3epHI1cToCTU - 2 - 3 llIT.;
4) rpy6a 1I MrKa BeTOllIb;
5) JIIICTbI llIKYPKlI pa3JIllqIlOH 3epIlllcTOCTlI;
6) 1I11TpOJIaK.
B KaqeCTBe l\1aTepllana IICnOJIb3YlOTCH 6JIOIl, rpYlIIa, aKa-
Qlm, B3, p6IIIIa.
113TOTOBJIeHlle. .n:epeBmHIa 3arOTOBKa npo'Iuo 3aKpenJI-
eTC5I B naTpolle TOKapIloro CTaIlKa. llpll 3TOi\I 3arOTOBKa lie .n;0.7J-
mna IIl\1eTb 311aqllTeJlbllOrO 6l1eIlu 1I BIIellIIIuii KOIITYP 6pacJIe-
---
 170:?= 
----
1.1  nmlCbIBaeTC B 3aroToBKY. IIocne KOIlTpOJIbIlOrO Bpam: e -
IIIIH 3aroToBKII npuCTynaIOT K ee 06pa6oTKe.
IlepBOllaqanbIlO 3aroToBKY 06pa6aTbIBaIOT C TOPQa U no I1a-
PY)KIIOI\1Y .n;ual\1eTpy B pa3Mep, nJIIOC .n;onycK na IIInllcpoBKY.
f10CJIe 3TOH onepaQlIu npllCTynaIoT K BUYTpeIlIlell 06pa6OT-
KI' ()pacneTa. IIpll 3T0I\1 .n;onycK ua OKOIl'IaTenbIlYIo 06pa60TKY
III' raBJIIOT 3l1a'IIITenbUO 60JIbllIII1\1, 'IeM I1a BnellIHIOIO 06pa60T-
I(Y. 1l0cJIe BIIYTpellIIeii npe.n;BapllTeJIbIlOM 06pa60TKII npllCTyna-
lilT K .n;aJIbueiillIeii: 06pa60TKe 6paCJIeTa no llIupllIle. .n:JI 3TOro
C I rIC'IaIOT C nOI\IOm:bIO Kapall.n;allIa II JIlIIIeHKII llIlIPllllY 6pacne-
I a. IIocJIe pa31\1eTKII llIlIpllIlbI Y3KIII\1 pe3Q0l\1 npo1l3BoT 3aBaJI
II «3arJIa)l{UBaIlIIe TOPQOB. 3aTel\1 npIICTynaloT K llIJIucpoBKe
()pacneTa rpy60ii:, cpe.n;neii:, a 3aTel\1 l\1eJIKOH llIKYPKOH 1I 1\1rKOH
III 'TOllIbIO.
Ha 3T0I\1 npe.n;BapIlTeJIbna BuellIlm oT.n;eJIKa 6paCJIeTa 3a-
IG\lI'IlIBaeTC .
OCTaIOTC OnepaQlIII oTpe3KII 6paCJIeTa II BIIYTpellIleii oT.n;eJI-
101. OTpe3KY 6pacneTa npoII3BoAT Y3KIII\1 OCTpb11\1 pe3QOI\1.
BUYTpeUIIIOIo oT.n;eJIKY 6paCJIeTa BbHIonIlIOT C nOl\1om:bIO
(Japa6alloB II lIa60pa III}IIIcpoBanbIlblx IIIKypOK pa3JIII'IIIOii 3ep-
IIIICTOCTlI. llpII oT.n;eJIKe peKOllIeIl.n;yeTc I1CnOJIb30BaTb IIIJIH-
IllODaJIbIlYIo llIKYPKY lIa 6Yl\1a)l{1I0i'I IlJI1I .I\1aTep'IaTOH oClloBe,
C' 1I0i\1epol\1 3epllIIcToCTII 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25.
l)apa6all C 3aKpennelllloi-\: llIKYPKOH KpenllTc B naTpOlle CTall-
I<a. IToCJIe BKJIlOqeIlII CTallKa 1I Bpam:eHIm 6apa6ana 6pacneT
4I1a.n;eBaIOT» na 6apa6aIl II npoIl3Bo.n;T 06pa60TKY BIIYTpeIlIleii:
111\ PY)!(I10CTlI.
IlacJIe BueuIIIeii II BIIYTpeIluell OT.n;eJIKlI naIlOCT naKOBoe I1JIlI
Jlpyroe nOKpbITlle. BlI.n; 6paCJIeTOB nOKa3an na pllC. 145.
IlT06bI U3rOTOBIITb 6paCJIeT 1I3 lIa60pa nJIacnlll, ne06xo.n;III\lbI:
1. I10)l{OBKa C I\leJIKlIl\1 3y601\1 (1\10)!(I10 HCIIonb30BaTb pyqnyIO
110 I<ORKY no l\1eTanJIY);
2) TI-lCKII naCTOJIbIlble;
.n namlnbIlUK .1:pa'IeBbIii, nn'Inoii;
1) .n;penb pyqna;
"
,
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---
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PUC. 145. EpaCJlembt
5) CBepm 03, 5 MI\1;
6) JIlIlIeii:Ka, Kapall.n;allI;
7) pe3IIIIKa KpyrJIa;
8) IIIKypKlI pa3JIlI'I1I0ii: 3epllIIcToCTlI;
9) I\wpIIJIKa, lIIfTpOJIaK.
.n:JI IIa'IlIHaIOm:HX pe3'1l1KOB no .n;epeBY II3rOTOBJIeIII1e 6pacJIe-
Ta II3 na60pa nJIaCTlIII BJIeTCH 60JIee CJIO)l{lIbIl\1, 'Iel\1 6paCJIeTa
6e3 pa3pe3a.
ClIa'laJIa 06bI'IHO .n;eJIaIOT (BbIllllJIlIBaIOT) ua60p nJIaCTlIlI, 0.n;I1-
I1aKOBbIX no Tonm:lIne II cpopl\1e.
llJIaCTlIIIbI BbIKJIalJ;bIBaIOT Ha CTOll TbIJIOEOH CTopoIloii BBepx,
BbIpaBlIlIBaIOT lIX II KapalI.n;allI0I\1 C n0I\10m:bIO JIlIIIeii:KlI npoBo.n;T
.n;Be napaJIJIeJIbIlble JIlIlIIIlI lIa paCCTOIIIIII 8-10 1\11\1. B nJIaCTII-
He CBepJIT OTBepCTlI no pa3MeTKe lIa O.n;lIIIaKOBYIO r JIY611IIY ("
QeJIblO cB060.n;1I0ro npoxo.n;a pe3I1HKlI. .n:JI Y3JIa pe3IIIIKI1 B 0lJ;-
----
172:?= 
----
1I0il H3 ITJIaCTlIlI CBepnT OTBepCTIIe 60JIbIIIerO .n;I1al\1eTpa. IIocJIe
1'/01'0 no.n;rOHmOT (CTa'lllBaIOT) 60KOBble ITnOCKOCTII nJIaCTlIlI, II
hpaCJIeT npII c60pKe nplllIlII\1aeT 3JIJIlInTII'IeCKYIO cpOpl\1Y PYKII.
Ilpn I1a.n;eBamlI1 C lIeKOTOpbII\1 YClIJIllel\1 6pacneT .n;OJI)I{en CB060.n;-
110 06JIeraTb PYKY, 110 coe.n;lII1I1TeJIbIlble pe311I1KII ne .n;OJI)I{IIbI npo-
1'Ii.lTpllBaTbC B 3a30pax 1\1e)l{.n;y nJIaCTlIIIal\UI.
BnYTpeIlIlI1e nJIOCKOCTlI .n;eTaJIeii: 6paCJIeTa .n;OJI)I{HbI 6bITb rJIalJ;-
1<111\111, 6e3 3ayceIIQeB, II I1axo.n;lITbC IIa 0.n;I101\1 ypOBne, 'IT06bI
/'ihlno y.n;06IIO ero IIa.n:eBaTb II 1I0CIITb.
5pacJIeT C o.n;IIIIaKOBbIl\1l1 ITO pa31\1epy II cpopl\1e nJIaCTIIIIal\1lI
Dblr JI.n;IIT 1\101I0TOHHbIM. II03Tol\1Y .n;eTaJIII 6pacneTa .n;JI5I TbIJIb-
uoii: CTOpOlIbI PYKlI .n;eJIaIOT lIeCKOJIbKO Y)I{e.
l1I1or.n;a nnaCTIIIIaM npll.n;aIOT npOII3BonblIYIO cpOpl\1Y no BbI-
"YKJIbll\1 JIIIIIHl\lII II 60KOBbII\1 nnOCKOCTI\1, no TaK, 'IT06bI CO-
l"c.n;IIlIe mlaCTllllbl KaK 6bI BXO.n;IIJIII .n;pyr B .n;Pyra.
HaPY)I{IIbIe nJIOCKOCTII nnaCTlIlIbl 3aOBaJIlIBaIOT II .n;eJIaIOT IIe-
pOBllbI1\1lI, C l\1rKII1\1lI nepexo.n;allIlI BbIllYKnocTeii:, C BnalJ;IIIIaMII,
I<OTopble CJIerKa TOIIIIPYIOT. 3TO O)l{IIBJIeT 6paCJIeT. .n:eKOpaTlIB-
1I0CTb TaKoro 6pacJIeTa I\IO)I{IIO YBeJIII'IIITb B npoQecce OT.n;eJIKlI.
B KOI\1II03IIQIIIO nJIOCKOrO 6paCJIeTa 1\1O)I{I10 BKJIlO'lI1Tb Hapyq-
lIh1e 'IaCbI, KOl\lIIaC, Bpe3aIlIlbie B o.n;I1Y II3 nJIaCTIIII.
OnllcaIlIlble Tpe60Ba1lII II cnoc06bI II3rOTOBJIelI coxpaIrnIOT-
l' 1I .n;AA 6pacJIeTa 1I3 nno.n;OBbIX KOCTO'leK, KOTopbIe no.n;6I1paIOT
110 pa31\1epal\1: 60JIee KpYIIIlbIe B cepe.n:IIIIY, C nOCTenelIIIbl1\1 Yl\1elIb-
IIIClIlIel\1 K Kpal\1. HII)I{I1IOIO nJIOCKOCTb KOCTO'leK cpe3aIOT, BbIlIlI-
M,lIOT Cel\1e'IKO 1I 06pa30BaBllIYIOC nOJIOCTb 3aTIOJInIOT l\1acTIIKoii:
11.1 .l(peBeCIIOH I\1YKII IIa KJIeIO. ClIaPY>KII II C 60KOB KOCTO'lKII llInII-
(IJYIOT, 'IT06bI lIe 6bIJIO OCTpblX BblcTynOB. I131\1ellenIIel\1 TOJIm:lIl1bI
rlllfMael\1Oro CJIO 1\1O)!(1I0 BapbllpOBaTb cpOpl\1Y II cpaKTYPY 6pac-
I1C'Ta. IIOKpbITbIii: TOIlKlII\1 CJIOel\1 1\1aTOBOro JIaKa II OTnOJIlIpOBall-
II hilI 110 BbICrynal\1, TaKoii: 6paCJIeT BblrJI.n;lIT O'iellb OpI1rllllaJIbHo.
nODC
\iI3roTaBJIIIBaeTC no alIaJIOrllll C 6paCJIeTOM, no .n;eTaJIII .n;JI
l(I'm .n;on)l{lIbI 6blTb 60JIee MaCCIIBllbII\UI.
173
----
'I
II,
II
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III
1: 1
II
III
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Oc060e BIIIIMaIllle y.n;eJIeTC OT.n;enKC 6pOllIII 1I I1p)I{KII, no-
3T0l\1Y lIX eKOp .n;OJI)I{eIl 6blTh COrJIaCOBaIl C 06m:1I1\1 cnlJIel\I rap-
I1IITypa.
IIyrOBHQbI
06opy.n;OBaHHe, HHCTpYMeHT, MaTepnaJIbI. He06xo.n;I1l\1bl:
1) TOKapIlbJi.i CTaIIOK no .n;epeBY;
2) pa60'l1lii: CTon; .
3) BaJIlIK;
4) cppe3a C MenKlIl\1 3y60!\1;
5) nUIIelIKa-yrOJIbIlUK;
6) TOKapllbre pe3Qbl no .a:epeBY 'IepIIoBoii:, 'IlICTOBOii;
7) .n;peJIb, CBepJIO 03 1\1M;
8) llIJIHcpoBanbIlblii: 6apa6aIl C naKJIeeIlIlOii llIKYPKOii:;
9) IIIKypKII pa3JIlI'!I1oii: 3epIllIcTOCTlI;
10) BeTOllIb;
11) MaTepnaJIbI .n;JI nOKpbIT.
I1cnonb3YeTC TeKCTypa TOPQeBbIx cpe30B lIeKOTOpbIX nopo.l(
(1\10)l{)KeBeJIbIIIIK, CY'IKII COCllbl, aKaQlIII, B.H3a 1I .n;p.), III\IeIom:I1X
a)l{YPIlblii: PllCYIIOK ro.n;lI'IlIbIX KOJIeQ C Cep.l(QeBlI.n;I1bll\1H JIY'Ial\1l1.
OClloBHble 3JIel\1enTbI .n;eKopa B STIIX 1I311enllX - cpopl\1a, QBeT,
OT.n;eJIKa.
113TOTOBJIeHlIe. EpaTb NaTepUaJI 1\10)KIIO TOJIbKO C l\1epTBblx
.n;epeBbeB II cY'lbeB.
B .n;aIlIIOI\1 cJIY'Iae .n;JI 1I3rOTOBJIeIlll nllOC1WX nYt06ulI, (puc. 146)
B3TbI cY'lb.H COCIIbl. IIocJIe CIITlI KOpbI II pacnllnoBKII no.n;
pa31\1ep 3a)KlINaIOT O.n;IIII KOIleQ B naTpone TOKaplloro CTanKa.
BTOpOlI KOIIeQ nO.n;)I{lIl\1aIOT QenTpOl\1 3a.n;IIeH 6a6KII. IIpoBepIoT
Bp a m:eIlllel\1 npO'IIIOCTb KpenneHlI 3aroToBKlI, nOCJIe 'Iero npIl-
CTynaIoT K ee 06pa60TKe. 06pa60TKY BbmOJIIIIOT pe3Qal\1lI nep-
BOna'lanbllO C TOPQeBblX nJIOCKOCTeii, 3aTel\1 no nOBepxllocTII OK-
PY)KIIOCTH. .n:OBO.n;T 06pa6oTKY .n;o .n;lIaMeTpa 15 - 20 - 25 1\1M.
IlInllcpYIOT IIIKYPKOii: KPynnon, 3aTel\1 I\IeJIKoii: 3epIlIICTOCTII. ITOCJIC
3Toro nonIlpYIOT BeTOllibIO, .n:0611BaCb 3cpKanbIloi-i: '!lICTOTbI.
.n:Pyrlle 3arOTOBKlI 06pa6aTbIBaloTc aIlanOrll'IIIO.
----
'  174 :?= -
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DocJIe 06pa60TKII I1eCKOnbKlIX 3arOTOBOK np01l3Bo.n;T nepe-
1I;\JIa.n;KY CTallKa. CIIIIl\1aIOT CO CTaIlKa no.n;PY'IIIIIK (onoPY pe3-
na BO Bpel\1 TO'Iemm), naTpOIl 1I 3a.n:1II0I0 6a6KY. Y CTaIlaBJIlI-
lIarOT pa60'lllii: CTOJI, BaJIlIK 1I cppe3Y 0125 1\11\1 C l\1eJIKIII\1 3y601lI.
Ilocne YCTanOBKII H npO'lIIOrO 3aKpenJIemm pa60'Iero CTOJIa,
1I.1JIIlKa II cppe3bl (BbIXO cppe3bI 1I3 na3a pa60'lero CTOJIa .n;OJI-
)1\l'II 6blTb ne l\1enee 40 1\11\1) npOII3Bo.n;T KOIITpOJIbllOe BKJIIO'le-
1I1Il' CTanKa .n;JI npOBepKII CB060.n;IIOro Bpam:eIlII cppe3bI B na3Y
('TOJla. Ha CTanbIlOI\1 pa60'lel\1 CTOJIe I1Y)KIIO npO'lepnITb JIlImllO
IIn:l yrJIOI\1 45° no OTIIOllIemllO K cppe3e. .n:n nOJIY'IenI1 nyro-
111111 o.n;I1I1aKOBOn TOJIm:I1I1bI n3 pa60'lel\1 CTOJIe YCTaIlaBJIIIBaIOT
----
' =<::' 175  ,
----

JIIIIIeii:KY. BbIllOJIIIlIB BCe nO.n;rOTOBIITenbIIble pa60Tbl, nepexo-
.n;T K 1I3rOTOBnellllIO nyroBIIQ. BKJIIO'lHB CTaIlOK, 3arOTOBKY
nO.n;BO.n;T K pe)l{ym:eH Kpmme cppe3bl no.n; yrJI0!\1 45.. IIYTel\1
I1eo.n;HoKpaTIIOro no.n;Be.n;eIlIl 3arOTOBKII K cppe3e nonY'laIOT 3JI-
Jll1IICIIble nJIOCKlIe nyroBIIQbI.
B pe3YJIbTaTe TOro, 'ITO y CTaIma CKOpOCTb 2800 06/1\11111 II
1\1enKIIe 3y6b cppe3bI, cpe3 nyroBIIQbl nOJIY'IaeTC 'IlICTbII\1 1I no-
cne.n;YIOm:eii: MeXaIlIl'IeCKoii: 06pa60TKe He no.n;JIe)l{IIT. 3aTel\1 06-
pa6aTbIBaloTcH Kpa nyroBIIQbI C nOI\IOm:bIO 6apa6alla II nmypOK
C QeJIbIO y.n;aJIeHlm 3ayceIlQeB 1I npe.n;ynpe)l{.n;eIIlI pa3pe3a I1pO-
pe3I1blX neTeJIb B o.n;e:>K.n;e.
ITocJIe 3TOro B nyroBlIQe CBepJIT .n;Ba ne60JIbllIlIX bTBepcTlI
.n;JI KpenJIeIlIm K o.n;e)l{.n;e II npOIl3BOT ee TOIllIpOBaIllIe, JIaKII-
pOBaIllle, Bom:eIlIle. Ho nY'IlIIe Bcero CI\IOTpTC nyroBlIQbI QBeTa
lIaTypaJIbIloro .n;epeBa, nOKpbIToro JIbImIIoii: OJIlIcpoii:, pa3Be.n;eIl-
1I0ll CKlInn.n:apOI\1.
113zom06Jlell.ue KPYZJlblX, nOJlYKpYZJlblX U oPYzux cpOpJ>1 nyzo-
611l{, KaK 1I nnOCKIIX, lIa'IIIilaeTC aIlaJIOfll'IIIO: C 06pa60TKlI 3aro-
TOBKlI 1I nOJIyqemm KpyrJIOro II3.n;eJIII Tpe6yeMoro .n;lIal\1eTpa.
3aTel\1 BbIllOJIIHlIOT pa31\1eTKY nyroBIIQ no JIIIUe II BbI6I1paJOT
KaKOH-JI1I60 Y30P .l(n I1I1X: BbIeMKlI, yrJIy6JIeIlll II T.I1. IIo.n;pe-
3aJOT nyroBHQbI no TOPQal\1 II np01l3Bo.n;JlT IIX 06pa60TKY IIIKYP-
KaMlI pa3nll'IIIOii 3epIlllCTOCTII, a 3aTeM rpy60H BeTOllIbIO .n;o 3ep-
KanbIloro 6JIeCKa.
IIo.n;roToBneullYIO TaKIII\1 06pa30!\1 3aroToBKY BPY'IIryIO pa3pe-
3aJOT I1a nyroBlIQbI. CBepJIeUIIe OTBepCTlln .n;n KpenneIIIHI 1\10)1{-
110 BbmonIlTb B 3arOTOBKe HnlI B rOTOBbIX nyroBIIQax (pllC. 147).
IIoJIYKpyrnble nyroBIIQbI nOJIY'IaIOT 113 KpyrJIoii: 3arOTOBKlI.
II pOIl3BO.n;T ee pa31\1eTKY, CBepneIlIle OTBepCTlIii: .n;JI npllllIII-
BaHlI .
3aKOII'IIIB 3TOT npoQecc, nepeIlaJIa)l{lIBalOT CTaIlOK (CI\1. BbIllIe)
II paCnIIJIlIBaIOT 3arOTOBKY B.a:OJIb I1a .n;Be paBIIbIe nonYKpyr JIble
'IaCTlI. IIpll 3TOI\I npOQeCce oc060e BUlIMaIllle IIa.n:o 06pam:aTb I1a
OKOIl'laUIIe pacnunOBKII. .LI:JIJI Toro 'IT06bI lie TpaBl\lIIpOBaTi> PYKY,
3arOTOBKY I1e06xo.n;1I1\1O no.n;aBaTb na pe)l{ym:yIO 'laCTb cppe3bI
.n;epeBIIIIOll naJIo'lKoii:.
--
. =<E:'. 176  
----
(
:c., :',
'j.'  '"",
,,-;
,--
<,,. '.:'1' '"
:"Z':',:
. '
....f ¥
-,;4  .. :;
"
 r ,
, ...'"
.../
-';:-
<fl'
"......
.
"--..-. - - -
t -;,
1.#"
" "I
I
L" ...'
"'.,
:-'.  " ..!
-.. ",
.
:.(J.("  .",
".  .._..
.--
,,; , ----,.:,..)- , ' , ' , ': ,
J ,,,,,,,.,,,
, I.
.., tIN"'! : :
:
.;;,
,!- ';1 
'.':.;' 
, '" '"tf-- , ( ' " ( ,'r
,  " '
<t;., .. .
.

' '. ,""-, Iii..
..,-_.
PliC. 147. nYlO6111bl.
PliC. 148. nYlO6U1bl
Ilocne nOJIY'IeIlIl I10nYKpyrJIbIX 3arOTOBOK I1X pa3pe3aloT no.n;
III I)(iXO.n;I1l1IbII\III yrnal\111 I1a nyroBIIQbI U npo1l3Bo.n;T ux OKOIl'Ia-
"II hllYIO oT.n;eJIKY.
J/.()CKUe nyz06lltibl co cpe30"1 noo YZJlO.M (puc. 148) I13roTaB-
111\1I.1I0TC 'IaCTII'lUO, KaK U nJIOCKlle nyroBlIQbI. .LI:anee KpyrJIYIo
,1.11 I) roBKY OIlI1JIIIBcUOT C .n;BYX CTOpOIl cppe30ii II nOJIy'!aloT nJIOC-
,,\ II I :laroToBKY. 3aTel\1 npo1l3Bo.n;T pa31\1eTKY, CBepJIT oTBep-
I 11111, pacnIlnIlBaloT 3aroToBKY I1a nyroBIIQbl u OT.n;eJIbIBaIOT lIX.
KOJIbe (QenO'lKH)
( OopY,ZJ;oBaHlIe, lIHcTpYMeHT, MaTepnaJlbl, He06xo.n;IIl\1bl:
I) TOKapllbIll CTaIlOK no .n;epeBY;
:l) J{I1CKOBa cppe3a C l\1enKUM 3y601\1;
'I) pa60'IIIii CTon;
'=<::'. 177 ,
----


4) BaJIlIK;
5) JIlIIIeHKa, KapaII.n;allI;
6) CBepJIIInbIlblH BepTlIKanbIIbIH CTanOK, ynopbl;
7) cppe3a TOPQOBa .n;lIal\leTpOM 6 1\11\1;
8) .n;epeBI1I1ble KJIem:lI;
9) I1anllJIbIHIK .n;pa'ieBbIH;
10) cppe3a cpacoIlIla KpyrJIa;
11) TlICKII HaCTOJIbIIbIe;
12) npIIm:enKI1, KJIeii: IIBA;
13) CBepJIO .n;lIal\leTpOI\1 10 1\11\1 C .n;ep)l{aBKoii:;
14) CBepJIO .n;lIal\1eTpOl\I 0,8 1\11\1;
15) pY'lIIa .n;penb.
Jl3roTOBJIeHlle. IToJIyqeIlIle KOJIbe (QenO'IKlI) - I1aII60JIcc
Tpy.n;oeI\IKIIii: 11 CJIO)!(IIbIH npoQecc. all IIa'!IIIIaeTC C BbIllllJIHBa-
mm II3 .n;peBecHIlbI 6JIolln, .n;y6a, rpYllIlI 1I .n;pyrllx nopo.n; lInll
3arOTOBOK napKeTa 6PYCKOB pa31\1ep0l\1 400 x 60 x 16 1\11\1 (.n;JIIUIa
BbI611paeTC B COOTBeTCTBlIli C .n;JIIuroii: BaJlllKa, IIa KOTO.OI\1 KpC
mITC cppe3a). II pe.n;nO'ITeIllle OT .n;aeTC .n;y6y, KOTOpbl KpOl\H'
npO'IIIOCTI! 06na.n;aeT QeJIe6IIbII\1II 1I I\Iarll'leCKIIl\lII CBOlICTBal\1!I
(1. Weoom06.  BOJIllIe6I1bIU I\mp .n;epeBa>.». C'IlITaIOT, 'ITO .n;y6
nepe.n;aeT JIIOMM nOnO)l{lITeJIbIlbIU 3I1epreTlI'IeCKIIii: nOTeIlQlIaJI.
1I36aBneT OT I\lIIOfl1X 60JIe3neii:, CIIIIl\1aeT lIepBIIOe I1anp)I{eIll!(,
I1pe.n;ynpe)l{.n;aeT BC'IeCKlIe I1anaCTlI, Bpa)!(eCKOe 'Iapo.n;elICTBo./
06eCne'IHBaeT 6JIaronOJIY'IHe B nyn!. IIoKa3aIlIlble na pllC. 1-1.1
QenO'lKlI H3rOTOBJIeHbI 1I3 .n;peBecHlIbI .n;y6a.
I1Me 6pYCOK IIY)l{IIoro pa31\lepa, np0I13Bo.n;T era pa31\1eTKY C
.n;BYX npOTllBOnOJIO)l{I1bIX CTOpOIl, T.e. TaM, r.n;e llIHpIIIIa 16 1\11\1.
, " . -III  ,';,
b '...-.........,!;.' ' ,- . .;,: "' , """ ,. " '.," ", '
v4 ..-:,...:r;".".. """"'-_'. '" .
, .- ,-  ",
'-' -" - "'- ..'' ,
,:;....'-,..."'t- "..D .",
,.:..
 '"",
,£- ::;- ....
'
A. ,0'
 ._,j\,.
, '""""''" - "
Puc. 149. KOJ1be (lieno1I1w)
----
' =>78:?= '
----
()TMepIOT .n;JIIlIIY 3Bella QenO'IKII (35 1\11\1) II BIIYTpn ee pa3-
1I'fI 25 I\IM .n;JI OBaJIbIlOrO oTBepcTII
Pa.meTl1B 6pYCOK, npIlCTynaloT K ero CBepJIelIIIIO I1a BepTII-
.1.'11.1101\1 CBepJIIlnbIlOI\1 CTaIlKe (1200 06/1\11111). Ha CTone cBep-
IlIl/ll>lIOrO CTaIlKa 3aKpenJIIOT ynopbI. IIpocBepJIIIB B 6pycKe OBanb-
IIltlt' oTBepcTlI, IIe06xo.n;III\IO 06pa60TaTb BIIy"fpeIIIIIOlo 'IaCTb OT-
I II'fI('T/1ii nJIOCKIIl\1 .n;pa'ieBbII\1 I1annnbIllIKOI\1 (pe6pa UamIJIbIlIIKa
/1.1 /la)!(.n;a'IIIOllI Kpyre I1e06xo.n;1I11I0 3aKpyrJIIITb). TaKlIl\1 06pa301\1
1"'/lroTaBnuBaIOT OBanbIlble OTBepCT B 3BellbX QeIlO'IKII.
Ilocne 3Toii: onep a lI.I1I1 nOBOpa'llIBaIOT 6pYCOK I1a 90 0 II 180 0 11
11/lIIBI> .n;eJIalOT pa31\1eTKY C .n;BYX CTOpOII no.n; 06pa60TKY cpacoIIIIoii:
'IJI)(':loii. KpOMe Taro, I1eo6xo.n;I11\1O nepeIleCTII pa31\1ep 3,Bella (35 1\11\1),
Ilf pl'lIaJIa.z:{I1Th TOKapIIbIH CTaIlOK II YCTaIlOBIITh BaJIIIK C cpacoIlIloii
'I'PC,IOii 1I pa60'IlIH CTOnI!K. 063aTeJIbIlO npOBepllTb I1pO'IIIOCTh Kpen-
IlI'lIJur BaJIHKa II cpacoIlnoii: cppe3bl Bpam:eIlIlel\1 BaJIa CTanKa.
IlpoBepllB CTanOK, I1a'IlIIIaIOT cppe3epoBaTb 3BeIlb QenO'IKU.
I I ii/I BO.n;>IT OCTOpO)l{IIO 6pYCOK K pe)!(ym:eii: 'IaCTI! <ppe3bl, y.n;ep)l{I1-
/I.IIIIT ero I1a.n;e)l{I10 II BbIBO.n;T 6e3 pbIBKa 1I3 30IlbI pa60TbI cppe3bl.
,tlTel\1 I1epeCTaBJIIOT BTOPYIO cpacollIIYIO cppe3Y H BbIIIOJIII-
III' Bh!llIeYKa3aIlIlbIe .n;eiicTBII.
BI>1II0JIIIlIB cppe3epIlbie pa60Tbi C 'leTblpeX cTopon 6pycKa,
1'.l.Ifl C3aI OT ero IIa nJIaCTUIIbI.
Ilcpenana.n;lIB, YCTaIIaBJIIIBaIOT I1a CTaIlOK cppe3Y C MeJIKlIl\1
III I Ph!1\1 3y601\1.
IlpoBepIoT npO'IIIOCTb KpenneIIII cppe3bI (mlnbl) II npOll3-
Ilfl lilT pacmmOBKY 6pYCKa IIa TInaCTlIIIbI TOJIm:IIIIOi.j: 3 1\11\1. IIpIl
I f II lie 3a6bIBaloT YCTaIloBIITb I1a CTOJI ynopIIyIO JIlIIIeii:KY .n;n
III.' 1('p)!(lIBaIIII pa31\1epa nJIaCTHIIbI.
l'acnUJIOBKY 6pycKa npOIl3BO.l(T C nOI\IOm:bIO naJIO'lKI1, 'lTO-
11.1 11(' TpaBMupoBaTb PYKY.
.Ia reM I1pllCTynaIOT K nOCJIe.n;I1eH MeXamI'IeCKOH onepaQuu
1''',IIW.IKe nJIaCTlIn IIa 3BeIIb QenO'lKII.
('lIlJI\laIOT C pa60'Iero CTOJIa ynopIlYIO JIUIIeiiKY II pa3pe3aIOT
II 1....l'IlJ!y na 3BeIlb QenO'IKII C .n;aJIbIleHlIIeii 06pa60TKOH nOJIY-
"llIlhlX 113.n;eJIIlii I1anllJIbIlIKOI\1. I13 3BenbeB 3aTel\1 cpOPI\1I!PYIOT
III 1I<lIII(Y.
----
' =<::' 179 - ,
----
'I
'I
'I
:i l
I"

1
.D:AA C60PKI1 QenO'IKII ne06xo.ll:lIl\1o lIMeTb TIICKl1l1aCTOJIblIble Ma-
JIbIe, KJIeii: ITBA, KJIlIIIOBn.n:nYIO naJIO'IKY, IIpU.r.QenKlI II KJIIIIIb.
3aKpenJIIOT THCKU na CTOJIe 1I 3a)l{MMaIOT B HUX nOJIOBHny
3Bella. BBOT KJIIIIIOBH.n;nyIO naJIO'IKY B OBaJIblIOe OTBepCTlle II
nOBOpOTOI\I lIa 90° pa3JIaMbIBaIOT O.n;IIO coe.n;IIlIelIIle 3Bena. 3aTeM
BBO.n;T B OBaJIbIlOe OTBepCTIle KnIIII, BbIIIIIl\taIOT naJIO'lKY. B 06-
pa30BaBllIlIii:c pa3noM BBOAT .n;Ba 3BeHa 1I CMa3bIBalOT KJIee1\1
ilBA KOIIQbI pa3JIOI\ta. .D:aloT .n;Be-Tpu I\UIIIYTbI I1a BnllTblBalInc
KJIe B .n;peBeclIny, BbIlIlIMalOT KJIlIn, nJIOTHO C)I{lIl\laIOT KOIIQbl
pa3JI0l\1a 1I na.n:eBaIOT npllm:enKY. OCB060)l{.n;aIOT 3Beno QenO'IKH
U3 TlICKOB 1I OCTaBnIOT COXIIYTb B Te'leIlIIII 'Iaca. TaK c06upaIor
no Tpll 3Bella B QenO'lKY.
KOHQbI QenO'IKlI coe.n;IInaIOT C I\le.n;aJIbOnaMlI. OT.n;eJIbIBaIOT
QenO'lKY pacTBopoM HaTypaJIbIloii: OJIllcpbI (oKYIIaIlllel\l).
B cJIY'Iae, Kor.n;a 3BeHb coe.n;mIaIOT B QenO'IKY KOJIbQal\1l1, I1X
TO'laT OT.n;eJIbIIO.
IIepeIlaJIa.n:n B CTanOK, 3aKpenAAloT 3aroToBKY B naTpoIIe. 06Ta-
'IIlBaIOT .n;o naPY)l{I1oro .n;ual\leTpa 20 1\11\1, llIJIlIcpYIOT. yb 3alJ;neil
6a6Ku BbIBOpa'IIlBaIOT QenTp 1I BCTaBJIIOT B nero CBepJIO 10 MM C
.n;ep)l{aBKoii:.
BPY'IIIYIO no.n;aIOT CBepJIO C lJ;ep)l{aBKOll II cBepnT B 3arOTOn-
Ke rJIYxoe oTBepCTue.
I10cJIe 3Toro npou3BoAT pa3pe3KY 3arOTQBKlI na KonbQa.
lllnucpoBKY BIIYTpenIlero oTBepcTII KOJIeQ npo1l3Bo.n;T BaJIII-
KOM co llIKYPKOH. BaJIUK 3a)l{aT B naTpoII, 1I eMY npu.n;aeTc Bpa
m:aTenbIloe .n;BlI)I{eIlue.
IIocJIe U3roTOBJIenll KoneQ npoIl3BoT C60PKY QenO'IKlI. Ow
6enHocTb 3.n;eCb COCTOllT B TOM, 'ITO Bl\leCTO 3Bena B pa3JIOl\1 BCTillI
JIeTC KOJIbQO (puc. 150).
O'lenb KpacuBa QenO'IKa U3 CnIlJIOB 1\1O>K)I{eBeJIbnUKa, cy
'IbeB COCnbl. 3Benb QenO'IKlI coe.n;nlIIOTC nllTbIO .n;lIal\1('T
pOl\I 0,7 MM, 3aKpenJIeIlHOH B TOPQeBOll 'IaCTII Y3JIOI\1. lI.eno'l
Ka II1\1eeT nOCTenelIHoe YMeIIbllIelIlIe 3BelIbeB, 'ITO npu.n;aeT I'll
KpacIlBbIlI BnellIIIIIH BU.n; (puc. 151).
:?= r
----
. .,
'L .. ''::+ '..;\: ;,,,'8
.' ....
,
tI",
';+
.,,'s
. ..  : "
:."';:.. ', .,' '!:
"f,""" ,
",.
-
Puc. 150. KOJlbljO
,
"'",
, -iu
...
'--
 ',> 'o:: ... .'" '"
... . _ ".. j:;.  . .<...!7"'}'
.<......
..
.'
'.'- "IIro...,",
,.. }!'< ,,';'
,
\i
',
" ..
"\
. '.,.
'.
','
.'?f
. f::'
Puc. 151. KOJ1be (ljeno'l1w)
CepbrH
06opy.n;OBaHne, nHCTpYMeHT, MaTepnaJIhI. He06xo.n;1II\1bI:
I) TOKapIlbill CTaIlOK no .n;epeBY;
:n TOKapnble pe3QbI no .n;epeBY - 'leplIoBoii:, 'lIICTOBOH, pac-
11I'1I10ii, oTpe3noH;
:n 1I0)l{OBKa C I\IeJIKIIM 3y6ol\1;
4) CBepJIO .n;lIaI\IeTpOM 0,8 MM;
,I) ,1peJIb PY'lna;
Ii) MaTepllaJIbI .n;JI OT.n;enKU II nOKpbITlI.
1111 KOIICTPYKQlIH, cpopMe, l\1aTepUaJIY, TeXIIIfKe 1I3rOTOBne-
111111 II OT.n;eJIKe cepbfII OTJIII'laIOTC 60JIbllIUM pa3II006pa311eM.
--
=E' 181  
----
II
I

PaCCl\lOTpHM npOCTeHIIIUe H3 IIUX no TeXIIHKe I13rOTOBJIeIlIHI I
OT.n;enKe rOTOBoro I13.n;eJUHI.
CepbrH - TO'IeIlM ccpepa (pHC. 152). 3a)!(Ul\1aIOT 3arOTOBKY u
naTpolle CTaIlKa. IIo.n;pe3aIoT TOPQbl (TOT, KOTOpbIii 6JIH)!(e K naT
POllY CTaIlKa, TonbKO lIal\1e'IaIOT) no I1apY)I{1I01\1Y .n;I1al\1eTpy. IIOC,II('
06pa6oTKII .n;o umpnllbI 25 1\11\1 (OTaBIOT npIInYCK 5 1\11\1) .n;eJIaIOI
IIa H3.n;eJIIIII (lmrypllble yrny6JleIlIHI II 3aTeM IIIJlHcpYIOT OTlJ;eJIKY.
PaCTa'IIIBaIOT BIIYTpeIlIIIOIO nOBepxIIocTb .n;o TOJIm:llIIbl CepbJ II
B QeIlTpaJlbIlOii 'IaCTII (7 1\11\1). lIlnllcpYIOT BIIYTpeIlIIIOIo 'Iac I'll
no.n; oT.n;eJIKY, 06pe3aloT KOJlbQO Y3KIII\1 pe3QOM.
IIocJle BbmonIleIlII 3TIIX onepaQHii Y3KHI\1 OCTpbIl\1 pe3Q()1
oTpe3aloT KonbQO OT OCTaJIbllOH .n;peBeClIlIbI.
IIOJIY'IeIlIIOe KOJlbQO pa3pe3aIOT Y3KOii I10)!(OBKOii I1a 4 pan-
IIble cepbrll ('IaCTu). B Ka)!(.lJ:OH cepbre CBepJIT r JIyxoe OTB(')!
CHle .n;JIH coe.n;I1I1eIlIHI IIa KnelO E<1>-2 C npoBonoKoH .n;I1al\1eTp()1
0,6 - 0,7 1\11\1. MaTepllaJI npOBOJIOKII - I1ep)l{aBelom:a CTa.n h
cepe6po, l\1eJlbXHOp; 011 lie .n;OJI)I{eIl OKHcnmbC B I\IO'IKe yxa.
IIocJle 3TOro cepbfII no.n;Jle)!(aT TOIlIIpOBaIlIIIO (eCJIH IIe06},.o-
.n;HI\10) 1I nOKpbITIIIO JIaKOI\I IJJIH naTypaJIbIloii: OJlHcpOH.
Pue. 152 Cepblll (yzlI1lb1e nooBeeKu)
...-..
' =<::' 182 ,
----
F,(IlIIblll 1II0TIIB .n;eKopa .n;OJI)!(elI nOBTopTbC BO Bcex H3.n;eJIH-
, 1.lpIllITypa.
IllllIIIY 3arOTOBKH paCC'IlITbIBaIoT no KOJIII'IeCTBY .n;eTaJleH C
'lI'roM 3anaca lIa HX 06pa60TKY. IIo .n;JIHIIe 3arOTOBKe B none-
I" 'IIIOM Ce'IeIlllIl npu.n;aloT cpOpl\1Y JIHCTa. 3aTel\1 ee pa3pe3aloT
IIOI\IOm:bIO .n;lICKOBOH cppe3bl, 3a)!(an B OKIIe npIlcnoc06Jle-
11111 <bpe3a BO BpeM Bpam:eIIII BXO.n;HT B npope3b npllcno-
I 11(IJ1CIIII. Y.n;ep)!(I1BaIOT npo'IIIO 3aroToBKY, nepeBepIlYB ee lIa
1."11 II npll)!(aB K pa60'IellIY CTOJIY. TOJIm:HlIa JIHCTa OrpaIIII'IlI-
II,I("ITH ynopIIoH JIlmeiiKoll. TaKaH 06pa60TKa Tpe6yeT OT l\1ac-
II pa onpe.n;eJIeIIIIOro naBbIKa U OCTOPO)!(IIOCTlI, 110 H36aBJIeT
,I JlanblIeHrnel\1 OT IIIJIlIcpOBKU 60KOBbIX CTOpOIl .n;eKopa.
EpolIllI
060PY.lJ;OBaHHe, HHcTpYMeHT, MaTepHaJIbI. Heo6xo.n;Hl\1bI:
I) TOKapIlbIH CTaIIOK no .n;epeBY;
2) pe3QbI no .n;epeBY - ':IepIIOBOll, 'IIICTOBOii:, OTpe3110ii:;
.n .n;I1CKOBM cppe3a;
-1) 3aroToBKII 6YJIaBOK;
:i) KJleH 5<1>-2, IIBA;
Ii) MaTepIlaJI .n;JHI OT.n;eJIKH - III1TpOJIaK.
lipOllIb (puc. 153), KaK 1I OCTaJIbIlbIe 3Jlel\1eIlTbI rapIlIlTypa,
IllIDlma BbI.n;ep)!(lIBaTb e.n;lII1bIH I\IOTlIB .n;eKopa.
I broTOBJIeHUe npoCTeiillIeH no KOIlCTPYKQlIII 6pOIIIH. 3aKpen-
'''"111' D naTpOlle CTaIIKa 3aroToBKY 1I3 .n;peBeCIIIIbI 6noIlH, 1\10)!(-
I IIl'JI bllHKa , aKaQHH, CY'IKOB COCII!>I TaK, 'ITo6bl IIa cpe3e CIIO
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BblcTynana TeKcrypa .n;epeBa. IIo.n;pe3alOT TOpeQ if nO.n;Ta'IlIBaIo I
3aroToBKY .n;0 Tpe6yellIoro .n;lIal\1eTpa. IIocJIe 3TOro ITJIaCTlIIIbI
0.n;I10H CTOpOIlbl llInIlcpYIOT .n;0 06pa30BamUI BblTIYKJIOH CTOpOHhl
(CcpepbI) II 3epKanbIIOH ee 'IlICTOTbI. IIepeIlana)!(I1BaIOT CTaIlOK II
OTpe3alOT nnaCTllIIbI no npmIQlIny nOJIy'IeIlII nnOCKlIX nyroBIIlI.
C 06paTilOM CTOpOIlbI cppe30l1 .n;enaIOT B 6pOllIlI KpeCTo06pa.1
I1bIe na3bI .n;JI KpennelIlI 6YJlaBKlI. IIa3bI lie .n;on)!(IIbI BbIXO.n;IlI'h
3a npe.n;eJlbl 60KOBbIX CTOpOII.
5YJIaBKa .n:OJI)I(IIa JlerKO, IIO lie npOH3BOJlbIlO, 3aCTenlBaTbC" I
1I OTCTerllBaTbC, 6bITb no.n;06IIa alIrnllHCKOH 6YJIaBKe, 110 C r
pH30llTaJIbIlbIlII II3rH601\1 BO 1I36e)!(aIllle npOBopOTa. <1>OPMY 6y
JlaBKlI BbI6I1paIOT TaK, 'IT06bI 3anopHa neTJI pacnOJIaraJIact
CJleBa 3eBOllI B1I1I3.
I13roTaBJIHBaIOT 6y naBKY 1I3 IIep)l{aBeIOm:eH npOBOJIOKlI .n:na
lIIeTpOllI 1 1II1II. 5YJIaBKa lIe .n;on)l{I1a BbICTynaTb 3a npe.n;eJlbI 6po
UIlI. YTOnaIOm:ylO 'IaCTb 6YJlaBKlI H IJ1>0pe3aIIIIbIH na3 npoKneli
BalOT KJleellI 5<1>-2. IIocJle BbICYllIIIB11I1H 6YJlaBKY BCTaBJIIOI
lIa lIIeCTO H 3aKJlellBaIOT lIIaCTlIKOH, npllrOTOBJlelInoii: 1I3 .n;peBC(,
IIblX onllnOK 1I KJle.
KYJIOHbI (KOJIbl\O co CTpeJIKOH)
060PY,lJ;OBaHI1e, HHcTpYMeHT, MaTepHaJIbl. He06xo.n;1II\1bI:
1) TOKaplIbIII CTaIlOK no .n;epeBY;
2) TOKaplIble pe3QbI - qepIIoBoii:, 'IHCTOBOH; paCTO'IIIOH, or
pe3110H;
3) IIJIOCKlIllllIJllIcpoBaJlbIlbIii: Kpyr C lIaKJIeeIIIIOH IIIJIHcpoBa.TJh
1I0ii IIIKYPKOll;
4) nOJIYKpyrJIbIH lIa.n;cpllJlb;
5) KPYrJlbIll I1anllJIbIlllK .n;IIal\1eTp1\1 6 - 8 1\11\1;
6) .n;peJIb pyqIIa;
7) CBepJIO .n;HallIeTpoM 2 - 3 1II1\1;
8) MaTepllaJIbl .n;JIH OT.n;eJIKlI.
KynoIlbi no KOIICTPYKQIlIl, cpopMe, l\1aTepnaJIY, TeXIIIlKe lI.m
TOBJIemlR 1I OT.n;enKe OTJIH'IaIOTC 60JIbllIIII\I pa3I1006pa3Hel\l.
. :?= '
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PUG. f 54. KYJ101t
MaTepHaJI KYJIOlIa .n;OJI)!(elI no cpopl\1e, QBery, OT.n;eJIKe COOTBeT-
("'BOBaTb l\1aTepllaJIY QenO'IKH 1I B QenON 1I3.n;e.ruIRI\1 rapIlHrypa.
HCnOJIb3yeTc .n:peBecHIIa 6JIOIlI1, .n:y6a, rpYllIlI, aKaQHII II .n;p.
HaroTOBJIeHIIe. B nOK3aIIII0I\1 lIa pIlC. 1S4BapllalITe ClIa'Iana
1I:lroTaBnllBaIOT KOJlbQO. Ero TO'IaT I1a TOKapIlOllI CTaIIKe, BbI.n;ep-
"mna pa3MepbI no .n;lIallIeTpaM H TOJIm:lIlIe. 3aTellI nonllpYloT
"I II .n;o 3epKaJIbIIOli 'IlICTOTbI. OTpe3aloT KonbQa OCTpbIlII Y3-
IOII pe3Q0l\1 (OTpe3I1bIl\1) OT OCTaJIbnoii .n:peBeCllIIbI. IIonHpy-
III I' nOGle pe3KII 06paTuym nOBepxIIoCTb KonbQa. IIonHpoBKY
IIIH)1I3BO.n;T llIKYPKOii:, I1aKJleelIIIOH lIa llIJlHcpoBaJlblIbIH KPYr.
.1.1 reM nonYKpyr JlbI1\1 I1a.ZI:cpllJlel\l H KPYfJlbII\I lIanllJlblUlKOllI
III',nalOT lIa npOTIIBOnOnO}l(lIblX CTopOlIax KaIIaBKH (3TY pa60-
I 1O)!(IIO BbmonlITb II nocne 1I3rOTOBJlemIR CTpeJlbI). B
hOJI bQe no.n; yr nOM CBepnT .n:Ba fJlYXIIX OTBepCTlIR Manoro
IllJal\1eTpa, B KOTOpbIX 3aKpennIOT KJleel\1 C MeJIKIIlIIII onHn-
I\.IMII .n;Ba KOJlbQa H3 BIITOH npOBonOKIL 3nl KOJlbQa cnY)l{aT
IIIUI coe.n;HIIelIlI CO 3BeIlblIIH QenO'IKH.
"epexo.n:T K 113rOTOBJIeIIHIO CTpenbI.  CTpena rOTOBIITC
II' T.oro )!(e MaTepllaJIa, 'ITO II QenO'IKa II OCTaJlbIloii: rapmlTYp.
I O'JaT cTpeny 1I IIInHcpYIOT .n;o 3epKaJIbliOH nOBepXlIocnl C
oilloii YCTaIIOBKlI. OTpe3aIOT 1I KOIlTpOJIIIPYIOT, KaK olla YKJla-
IhlllaCTC B BbleMKe KonbQa, a eCJIU lIeo6xo.n;mIO, TO nJIOTIIOCTb
I IIIII'}I)I(emIR .n;onOJIIIIITenbIlO no.n;rmrnIOT.
IlplIKJlellBalOT cTpeny K KonbQy» II KYJIOII roTOB K OT.n;eJlKe.
-
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M3rOTOBJleHHe ApyrHx H3AemIii
IIITOpa
060PY,lJ,OBaHlIe, HHCTpYMem, MaTepllaJIbI. GIIlI Te )!(e, 'ITO II
npll 1I3rOTOBJIellll1l QenO'IKlI. .l1onOJlIIlITeJlbIIO I1e06XOm-ll\1bl .n;JIJI
pa60TbI cppe3a TOPQOBa .n;IfallIeTpOI\1 8 MI\1, 3aroToBKlI .n;y60BOro
napKeTa.
JlaToTOBJIeHHe. Bo l\1I1orOI\l TeXllonorn H3rOTOBJIellI1 IIITOpbI
IIanOllIHllaeT TeXIIOJIormo 1I3rOTOBJIeIl QenO'IKIf, 110 eCTb onpe.n;e-
nelIIIbIe OTnH'!If.
Bce 3aroToBKII, no.n;Jle)!(allIlIe 06pa60TKe, .n;enT I1a .n;Be paB-
IIble 'IaCTlI.
G.n;I1Y nOJIOBlIIIY 3arOTOBOK pa311Ie'IalOT TaK: .n;nllIla - 50 1\11\1;
OBaJIbIlOe oTBepCTlIe: .n;JIIUla - 35 1\11\1, 1II1IpHna - 6 1II1\1. Bo
BTOpOH nOJIOBllIIe 3arOTOBOK: 'Iepe3 30 1\11\1 (OT KOIlQOB 3aroToBKIl
no 10 1\11\1) I1al\1e'IaIOT QeIlTpbI oTBepcTHii: .n;lIal\IeTpOI\1 8 1\111I. (lI.e-
TanH IIITOpbI 3I1a'IlITeJIbIl0 l\1aCCIlBllee, 'Iel\l .n;eTaJIII QenO'IKII.)
B 50% 3arOTOBOK cBepnenHe oBepCTuH npOH3Bo.n;m cppe30ii
.n;Hal\leTpOI\1 8 1\11\1, B OCTanbllblX CTellKH OBanbIlblX OTBepCTlrii
06pa6aTbIBaIoT .n;pa'ieBbll\1 lIanunbllHKOI\I.
Pe)!(YT 3arOTOBKH lIa npo.n;OJIbIlble n}laCTUIIbl (KaK npIf 1I3roTOB-
JIemm QenO'IKlI), a nnaCTlIIIbI B CBOIO O'Iepe.n;b lIa 3BeIlMI.
B 3BeIlbX 3aKpyrnIDOT yrnbI na 6apa6alle C naKJIeellIlOii IIIKYP-
KoiL IIocne l\IeXaIlII'IeCKOH 06pa60TKu 3BellbeB npllcTynaloT K
c60pKe.
II P 1111 QIIII C60PKlI aIlanOrll'IeIl c60pKe QenO'IKlI, TOJlbKO
pa3JIal\1bIBalOT 3Bellb C OBanbIlbll\1 oTBepCTlIel\1, Ky.n;a BCTaB-
nIOT .n;Ba 3Bella C oTBepcTlIellI 8 1\11\1 (.n;n cB060.n;bl C60PKIf II
nOBopOTa) .
C06pamlble QenO'IKIl 06pa6aTbIBalOT (a HIIor.n;a II lie 06pa6a-
TbIBaIOT) lIaTypaJlbIlbIl\1 paCTBOpOl\I onlIcpbl.
fOToBbIe QenO'IKIl I1aBeIIIIIBaIOT IIa KpIO'IKH rap.n;HII lIa OKnax
(pue. 155) H B ,'J;BepllbIx npoel\1ax.
TaKIfe IIlTOpbI BblrJIMT BeCbl\1a I1apMIIO H C03.n;aIOT YIOT 1\
KBapTHpe.

'  ,186 :>= '
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KypHTeJIbHble TPYOKM
060PY,lJ,OBaHne, HHcTpYMeHT, MaTepna.llbI. He06xo;]JII\1bI:
I) TOKapIlbIi-i CTallOK no .n;epeBY;
) rOKapnble pe311bI - 'IepnoBoii, 'IIICTOBOU, paCTo'IIIoii, OT-
I'" IllOii;
:1) ,{CpeBIIIIoe pa3'bel\1II0e 3a)!(UMIIOe npIIcnoc06JIeIlUe;

-  ,187 '  ,
o.;:;.....;____

I" JIDYX .n;lIallIeTpOB - 10 1I 141\11\1, 'IT06bI Myn.n;llITYK npll coe.n:lI-
III'IIIIH lie <mpOBaJIlIBaJIC BIIYTPb TPy6KII (cBepno pa3pa6OTa-
1111 ,IDTOPOI\1).
B ropn'IIIo YCTanaBnIIBaIOT 3aroToBKY I1a TOKapnbIH CTaIlOK.
PaCTa'IlIBaIOT r JIYxoe oTBepCTlIe no BceM .n;JlIIIIe .n;o .n;lIallIeTpa
It -15 1\11\1, .n;JIIIIIOM 2S 1\11\1.
.JaTeI\1 06Ta'IIIBaIOT 3aroToBKY C IIapY)!(I10ll CTOpOllbI .n;o .n;lIal\1eT-
1':1 :m 1\11\1. IIpll 3TOM nepecTalloBKa 3aroToBKII B naTpoIle lIe .n;OIlYC-
J(.\I'TC, TaK KaK 1II0)l{eT 6bITb I1apYlIIeIIa COOCIIOCTb .n;lIaMeTpoB.
II0cJle 06TO'IKlI .n;o BbIllIeYKa3aIIIIoro .n;uaMeTpa npll.n;aIoT 3a-
10 I'OAKe )!(enael\1Ylo cpOPllIY.
BCJIe.n; 3a 3TlIM IIa TPy6Ke .n;eJIaIOT 'IepIIble pllCKlI. BbITIOJIII-
I"ITJI OIIlI 06paTlIOii: CTOpOIlOH PY'IIIOH I10)!(OBKII no lIIeTaJIny no.n;
Jl:t IIneIIlIellI.
rpy60M BeTOllibIO I1aBo.n;T no.n: .n:aBJleIlllellI 'Iepllory lIa TOp-
(II' 3aroToBKlI. lllJmcpYloT 3aroToBKY BIIYTPII 1I .n;o 3epKaJIbllOli
'lI'rTOTbI cIIapY)!(lI. OTpe3aIoT 3aroToBKY OT .n;peBeClIlIbI.
3aTeM npIICTynmoT K 1I3roToBnell1lI0 MYII.n;IIITYKa (CI\1. c. 190).
IIepe.n; coe.n;IIIIellllellI TPy6KlI C lIIYII.n;IlITYKOllI npOl\1a3blBaIOT ee
I IIl'CI\1 IIBA n .n;anee JIerKlIlII y.n;apol\1 .n;epeBlIl1bII\1 1\10JIOTKOllI, lIa
1111 ropOl\I npllKpenneIIa TOJICTa pe311IIa, I\IYII.n;IIITYK 3a6uBaloT B
1I11If'pCTUe Tpy6KII, I1pll 3T0l\1 BII.lI:HlIIbIX llIeJlelI lIIe)!(.n;y Tpy6KOH
II r.IYII.l(IlITYKOI\1 lie .n;OJI)!(I10 6blTb.
Ch.n;eJlKa Tpy6KII BbITIOJIIIeTC no )!(enallllIO l\1aCTepa.
Tpy6Ka n03BOJISIeT lie TOJIbKO KypUTb Ta6aK, 110 II nannpOCbI,
IlirapeTbl. JVm 3TOli QeJIII aBTOp pa3pa6OTaJI BCTaBKY (pllC. 157),
;- :-q'
."......>:""M": -
' ..J iJ 'f t' 6 If-'-'

4) ,lJ,epeBnnble KJIeIQU;
5) BepTlIKaJIbIlbIM cBepnunbIlbIH CTaIlOK;
6) cppe3bI,lJ,lIallIeTpOM 10 !\1M;
7) CBepJIO no .n;epeBY .n;ByxCTyneII'IaTOe .n;lIal\1eTpol\1 lOll 14 I\1M;
8) IIO)!(OBKa pY1.IIIa no l\1eTanny (lIJIU ee 'IaCTb);
9) rpy6a BeTOllIb;
10) IIIKypKlI pa3JIlI'lIIOH 3epIIllcToCTlI.
B Ka'IeCTBe lIIaTepllaJIa ,lJ,n 1I3rOTOBJIemIR KypllTeJlbllbIX TPy-
60K (pllC. 156) CJIY)!(lIT Ta )!(e .n;peBeclIna, 'ITO 1I ,lJ,JI.H II3roTOBJIe-
IIlI MYIl.n;IlITYKOB.
Jl3rOTOBJIeHHe. 06TO'IlIBaIOT 3arOToBKY,lJ,0 pa3l1IepoB: .n;JII1I1a -
62-63 lIIM, .n;nallIeTp - 38-40 1\111I.
CIIlIMaloT 3arOToBKY C TOKapIIoro CTaIlKa II nepeIIocT ee 11<\
BepTlIKaJIbIIbIH CBepJIlIJIbllbIll CTaIlOK ,lJ,JI .n;aJIbIIeMllieM 06pa60TKII.
C nOllIom:bIO pa3bel\1noro npllcnoc06JIemIR 1I 3a)!(IIl\lIIbIX .n:epe-
BlIIlbIX Knem:ell YCTaIIaBJIlIBaIOT 3aroToBKY na CBepJIHnbIIblii: CTa-
I10K II cBepnT OTBepCTI1: rJIyxoe .n;JI.H Ta6aKa, ,lJ,lIaMeTpOllI 10 I\1M,
rJIy611IIoii: 25 1\111I, 1I C60KY .n;JI coe.n;lII1eIIlI Tpy6KlI C lIIYII.n;IIITY-
KOllI. IIpll 3TOM CKB03IIoe .n;ByxcryneH'IaTOe oTBepCTlIe CBepJIIIT-
1:
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KOTopa BO Bpel\I ,KypeIlml CHrapeT BCTaBne'fC B TPy6KY. Eo
Bpe'M KypeuH Ta6aKa BCTaBKY H3 TPy6KH BbUII1MalOT.
BCTaBKa npe.n;CTaBnJleT c060ii KOIlYCIIYIO np06KY C oTBepcTII-
el\1 BUYTPH .n;n5! cHrapeTbI. BCTaBKa .n;OJII1a nnOTIIO npHJIeran,
K CTeIlKal\l TPy6KII n npH 3aKpbITHH nanbQeM oTBepcTH .n;JIIi
curapeTbI lie nponycKaTb B03.n;yX.
IIpUl\1eIleUIIe .n;BoHlloro cpIInbTpa npH nOJlb30BamlI1 Tpy6Kllii
n03BOJIReT CUU3IITb 3a60JIeBaellIOcTb OT Bpe.n;lIblx Bem:eCTB, Bbr.n:e
JIellIbIX Ta6a'IIIbII\1H U3.n;enIlMU.
yn.n:IIITYK (puc. 158) 1I3rOTaBnUBaeTC U3 TaKllX nopo,
KaK 1\I0)!()!(eBeJIbIlllK, 6nou, rpYllIa, 6epe3a, BnIlIII, aKaQ1H1 r
.n;y6 1I T .n.
TeXUOJIOfll5! U3rOTOBJIeIlIIR MYII,lJ,IIITYKa lie npe.n;cTaBJIeT cnmK
1I0CTU If na'Illllalom:ellIY pe3'IUKY no .n;epeBY cnY)!(lIT XOpOIlICIl
npaKTlIKOll.
3a)l{lI1\1aIOT 3arOTOBKY B I1aTpOlle TOKapuoro CTanKa II 06pa6a-
TbIBalOT no TOPQY II napY)!(I101lIY .n;naMeTpy ('IepnOBaH 06pa60r-
Ka). 3aTel\1 CBepnOI\1 C .n;ep)!(aBKoii: ('Iepe3 OTBepCTlIe C pe3b6oii n
3alJ;I1eH 6a6Ke) BPY'IIIYIO CBepJIRT B 3arOTOBKe CKB03I10e OTBPP-
CTlIe .n;lIa1\leTpOI\l 4 1II1\1. IIp1l3TOl\1 lie .n;onycKaeTc Bu6paQlI CBCp.
JIa C .n;ep)!(aBKOll.
06pa6aTbIBaIOT Myn.n;IIlTYK no KOIlTYPY 1I npoBoMT nO)l{oIJ
KOll no MeTaJIny (06paTIlOii: CTopoIlon) .n;Be-Tpn nonepe'IUbIX 'lep
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III,IX nOJIOCbI - yrJIy6neuII .n;n YKpallIellll. BCJIe.n; 3a 3TlIM
III/III(\)YIOT I\1YII.lI:llIryK .n;o 3epKanblIOH 'IlICTOTbI II oTpe3aloT ero
I I .larOTOBKlI. CBepAAT oTBepcTlIe (08 lIIM.
IIT06bI y.n;06no 6blJIO .n;ep)l{aTb lIIYII.n;IIITYK npII KypeIlIUI, CTa-
'IIIII,HOT .n;Be cpacKlI.
IloKpbIBaIoT MYII.n;IIITYK paCTBOpOI\l narypaJIbIlOH Onl1cpbI.
B l\1yu.n;llITYKe, no al\lepIlKancKIIlII uccne.n:OBaUUM, npll Kype-
111111 oce.n;aeT 3Ua'IIITenbna 'IaCTb Bpe.n:ubIx BellIeCTB (B TOM 'IIIC-
'It' IIJIKOTlIna).
. lln 'IUCTKlI l\1yn.n;IIITYKa I1e06xo.n;1I1\1O 1I1\1eTb lIIeTaJIJIH'IeCKlIit
, pIllIlK.
TpOCTIi
HHCTpYMeHT, o6opY.lI.OBa-
IIIll', MaTepUaJIbI. He06xo.n;ulIIbI:
1) py6aIIoK;
2) I1anllnbHlIK KPYrJlbIH, .n;pa-
'U'lIhlii:;
:1) I10)!(-KOCK;
-1) l\IaTepnanbl .n;JIH OT.n;enKH;
5) nO)l{OBKa no l\IeTaJIJIY.
B Ka'IecTBe lIIaTepuana.n;AA TpO-
III IICnOJIb3YIoT JIImy, onbxy, OCll-
I h, cocny 1I .n;pyryIO .n;perecHuy.
I ',lCTI\IOTpUlII nocne.n;OBaTeJIbIIOCTb
IIlIoTOBJIeIl TpOCTIf <1EenOBe)!(-
II\an nYIIIa (pllC. 159).
()(jpa6aTbIBaloT 3aroToBKY .n;o
1\ lIaJlJJaTa UY)l{UOH .n;nIlllbI IIIlIpll-
lIoil nopOIlbl 35-40 1II1\I.
J1CJlaIOT pa31\1eTKY 3aroToBKH
I IlIlIpOTa'IlIBaIlll nOnepe'IIIbIX
IIII.\IIOK.
Ilollepe'IIIble KalIaBKH (UHTb
1111 \'1() npope3aIOT BIIa'IaJIe 110-
I ""I\!Iii, a 3aTel\l KpyrJIbII\( ua-
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IIIlJIbIllIKOllI. Ll.n 3aKpyrneIllm» KpaeB KaIlaBOK I1X cne.n;ycl'
06TO'IUTb B.n;onb I1a)!(.n;a'IIIOH lllKYPKOH, naKPY'IeIlIloii: I1a I1aJIKY.
IIocne 3TOro l\1eJK.n;y .n;BYX KallaBOK 06pa6aTbIBaIOT 3aroToBKY
KpyroM 1I pa3Me'IaIOT «BUIlT». BbmonnIOT ero B TaKorr )!(e nor
ne.n;OBaTeJIbnOCTlI, KaK 1I KanaBKlI.
TaK KaK 06pa60TKa 3arOTOBKlI BeJIaCb C lICnOnb30BaIllleM TI1c
KOB 1I .n;pa'ieBbIX nanUJIbIlllKOB, TpOCTb nocne 3TOli onepaQll1l
ne06xo.l1,II1\10 IIInIlcpOBaTb.
3aKOIJ1-lIIB IIIJIUcpOBKY, npIIcrynaIoT K nepeBo.n;y» 1.J:epe3 KOnJl
pOBanbnYlo 6YI\1ary pllcYIIKa (3Bepll, nTlIQbI) I1a TpOCTb. Bcne.n; .1,\
npopllcoBKoii: TpOCTlI npllcrynaIoT K BbIpe3amlI0 pllcYIIKa 1I0)!(01'-l-
KOCKOllI, a 3aTeM K II3rOTOBnenmo PY'IKlI. Ha PY'IKe TaK)I{e Bbl-
nOJIIIeTC PUCYIIOK (CKa1.J:ym:lIii: KOllb, c06aKa II T.n.). Ll.o lIa t la
JIa Bblpe3amm PY'IKlI lIe06xo.n;1I1\10 B ee OCIIOBaIlIIlI npocBepnIITh
rJIyxoe oTBepCTIIe (.n;n coe.ll:l'I1IeIlll51 C TPOCTbIO).
C nOllIom:blO Kne IlBA coe.n:lInIOT PY'IKY C TpOCTbIO (MeCT!
coe.n;lIIIeIlIl TpOCTII lIe06xo.n;III\IO OCTOPO)!(I10 pacKonoTb II BCTa-
BIITb KJIlIH).
KOIleQ TpOCTII 06pa6aTbIBaIOT lIa KOIlYC no.n; pe3lIIloBblii: naKO-
lIe'IIIIIK II em:e pa3 OKOIl'IaTeJIbIlO IIInIlcpYIOT.
TpOCTb  5eJIOBe)!(CKa51 nym:a», 6e3ycnoBIIo, IIeperpY)l{eIla.
pucYIlKal\llI, II03TOMY QeneCo06pa31I0 OrpaIlIl'IlmaTb KOnII'IeCTRC
H306pa)!(ael\1bIX nepCOIla)!(eiL Ha pIlC. 1 S9 IIOKa3alIbI 1I3.n;eJIIUI
3al\1e'IaTenblIoro 6eJIOpyccKoro lIIaCTepa no .n;epeBY (I1bIlIe no
Koii:I1oro) BaneIITI1I1a BacHnbeBII'Ia OnbIIleBcKoro. 011 lie pa I
Y'IaCTBOBan co CBOUMII pa60Tal\1lI BO BceCOI0311bIX BbICTaBK<lJ.
(erne.n;o pacna.n;a COI03a), BbI3bIBa Y lIIIIOflIX noCeTlITeJIel1 BO('
XHm:eUIIe II 3aKoIlIIYIO rop.n;ocTb 3a 6enopyccKlIX l\1aCTepOB
pe3'IHKOB no AepeBY.
ITpIlMepbI .n;Pyrllx H3.n;enllH IIOKa3aIIbi I1a pIlC.., 160.
IIIKaTYJIKH
HHCTpYMeHTbI, MaTepnaJIbI. He06xo.n;Hl\lbI:
1) I10)!(-KOCK;
2) PelICI\lYC;
---
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4) JIY'IKOBM IIlIna;
5) CTallIeCKa;
G) 1II0JIOTOK;
7) nnocKory6l!bI;
H) CTal\1eCKa-yrOJIOK;
J) KJIIOKap3bI;
10) 3neKTpo.n;peJIb;
11) cBepna .n;HaI\teTpOtvJ 8 -10 MM;
12) lppe3bI II3 l\1HfKOii: CTann;
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Bn.n:bI IlIKaTYJIOK U3 AepeBa, lIX <popllIa 1I KOHCTPYKQlIII, CIIII
C06bI 113rOTOBneHlI, BIIeIlIU U BIIYTpemm OT.n;enKa BeCb1\1.I
pa3Ho06pa3Hbi. Hu)!(e I13nO>KeHbI cnoc06bI 1I3rOTOBJleUlI .n;OJI()
JIeIlbIX IlIKarynoK 1I JIapQOB 113 .n;peBeCllbIX UapOCTOB C BIIellIlIl'i1
OT.n;enKOll lIIeTO.n;OllI BCKpbITII TeKCTypbI U pBaHbIX BOJIOKOII
fO.n;lI'IUbIe KOJIbQa BHellIIIlIX CnOeB napOCTa KOJIbQeCocy.n;lICTblX
nopo.n; (.n:y6a, CeH, opexa 1I .n;p.) He06xo.n;1I11I0 nepepe3aTb TaJ<,
qT06bI Cpe3bI AaJIII HallnY'IIIIIIH PllCYIIOK TeKCTypbI. Cpe3 BbICTY
nalOm:lIX 6yrpoB 06pa3yeT TeKCTYPY B Bn.n:e KOnQeHTpllqeCKH X
KpllBbIX JIlIUlIH no <popllIe 3TIIX 6yrpOB.
Cpe3 60KOBOH nOBepXHOCTlI oKpyrJIoro 3JlellIeUTa uapOCTa .n;a( I
TeKcryPY B BlI.n;e KOHQeHTpIl'IeCKIIX 3JInllIITIIQeCKlIX JIIIIIlIH, IILJ;y"
m:IIX C O.n;HOll CTOpOHbI K OCUOBalllllO I1apOCTa, a C APyroH -
ero nOBepXHOCTII. BCKpbITYIO TeKcryPY YCIIJIIIBaIOT npOKpallI1I
BaHlIellI lIIOpllnKOH.
HapOCTbI .n;JI IIIKaTY JIOK BbI611palOT B 3aBIICIIlIIOCTlI OT lIX lIa
3UaQeHlI, palIIepOB 1I cnoc06a OT.n;enKlI. HanpllllIep, ny.n;pellil
Qa C KpblIIIKOII - 3TO l\1aJIeUbKM IIIKaTYJIKa, .n;JI KOTopon ueu()
xo.n;lIl1Ia rJIa.n;Ka OT.n;eJIKa. Ilpll peJIbcpUOH OT.n;eJIKe pBaIIbII\1JI.
BonOKIIallIlI oua BbIrJI.n;ena 6bI BeCbl\1a UepIIIJIlIBO, nOTOllIY 'ITII
y6paTb ny.n;py 113 Bna.n;lIH pllCYHKa OQeIlb TPY.n;UO.
llIKary JIKa .n;AA xpaHeUlI lIIeJIKlIX )!(eUCKIIX YKpallIeIIlIll (I<II
neQ, KY JIOIlOB 1I ceper) .n;OJI)!(na 1I11IeTb UeCKOJIbKO 60JIbIIIlle pa.l-
lIIepbl, a .n;JI 6pOllIeH, 6paCJIeTOB 1I 1<0neQ em:e 60JIbllilIe. J],JI
xpaueIl nllcellI lIJIII npe.n;lIIeTOB >KellcKoro ryaJIeTa JIyqIIIe l!.l'
Jlan JIapQbI 60JIbIIIlIX pa3l1IepOB C 3aIlOpHbII\1 YCTPOHCTBOllI. J],on
6JIeIlbIe IIIKaTY JIKII llJIH JIaPQbl C OT.n;enKOH lIIeTo.n;OM pBaIlbIX 110
JIOKOIl JIyqllIe .n;eJIaTb 1I3 HapOCTOB 6epe3bI II KJIena, ,IIMeIom:IIX
nnOTIIYIO CBeTJIYIO .n;peBeClIUY. llIKaT)'JIKa COCTOIIT 1I3 Kopnyra,
KpbIlliKII 1I <PYPHIITYPbI, B KOTOpYIO Bxo.n;m lIIapHlIp C npY>KlIIIOIl
aBTOl\1aTIIQeCKOrO OTKpbIBamIR KpbIIliKII II 3anopuoe YCTpoHCTDO
Jl3TOToBlleHHe. IIOJIY'IeIlIIe .n;OJI6JIeIlOH IIIKaTynKlI 1I3 HapOI'
Ta I1aQllnaIOT C pa3l\1eTKII, BbI6paB <POPllIY ee OCHOBamm, KOHl
pM 3aBlICIIT OT l\1aTepI1aJIa, <pOpllIbI 3aroToBKII II >KeJIaIlII pt'"
, :?= 
---
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I....HOBKY KJIa.n;YT OCHOBaIlIIellI na POBIIYIO pa60QYIO .n;OCKY UJIII
11,1"1,11< 1I C nOllIom:blO .n;epeBmlbIX KJIIIHbeB BblpaBHlIBaIOT TaK,
." Ihl BepXII 'IaCTb, 1I3 KOTOpOll 6y.n;eT Bblpe3alIa KpbIIIIKa,
il'1I0naraJlaCb na O.n;UOH BblCOTe OT pa60'IeH .n;OCKU. HlI)!(IIHH
IIrlp".1 6y.n;ym:eH KpbIIIIKlI .n;OJI)!(eH 6bITb napaJIJIeJIeIl ocnOBaHlIIO
1I1I,.l'rYJIKlI. C n0I\10m:bIO 'peHCMyca U Kapan.n:aIIIa naMe'IaIOT JIII-
111111 IICIIOBaHlI 1I BbICOTY Kopnyca IIIKaTynKII, a BblIIIe nocne-
Iwil Jla 3-4 1II1II - nllIllllO OCUOBallll KpbIIIIKlI.
1[0 JIUIIIIlII pa311IeTKII 3aroToBKY OnllJII1BaIOT JIY'IKOBOH nll-
1111, a OCIIOBauue BblpaBIIIIBaIOT, He- .n;onYCKa 3a.n;lIpOB BO Bpe-
111'1 poraHlI. KpbIIIIKY npope3aIOT (He OT.n;eJI) no JllInllll KOp-
11\1'01 na rJIY6uIIY 10-15 lIIM, a 110 nlluulI OCIIOBaIlU KpbIIII-
II - lIa rny611uy 3-4 I\1M. IIocJIe 3Toro 3aroToBKY KunTT B
IU'/lI' II 06pa6aTbIBaloT lIIeTo.n;OllI pBalIbIx BOJIOKOH.
. hy onepaQlIIo BbmOJlUIOT Ha 3arOTOBKe C HeOnllJIeIlIlOH
l'I't.llIIKOH, 'IT06bI 6bIno y.n;06HO 3a)l{aTb ee I1a pa60'IellI CTone U
Urll"l'IIC'IlITb COBna.n;elllle PllCYUKOB Ha KpblIIIKe 1I Kopnyce IIIKa-
JII{Il. IIepe.n; OT.n;eJlelIlIellI BonOKOII Ual\1e'IalOT lIa KpblIIIKe 1I
IIpllyce rpaIluQbI pBalIblx BOnOI<OIl, I\leCTa IIIapulIpuoH I1eTJIII
II 1<lIOIlKH 3anopHoro YCTpoHcTBa. CJle.n;yeT lie .n;onycKaTb BbIXO-
In «pBaIlblx BonOKOH I1a 06pe3 KpbIIIIKU II Kopnyca, n03TOMY
,1,IMI"laIOT KapalI.n;alIIollI HX rpaUlIQbI B 3-4 1\111I OT KPM.
JlAA lIIapUlIpUOlllIeTJIlI Bbl6HpaloT npr.lOnHIIeHIIbIH lInll 6J1U3-
IIliI 1< lIellIY Y'IaCTOK BepxHero 06pe3a Kopnyca 1I OCHOBanll
'l'hlIllKH; lIIapIlHpHM neTn .n;on)!(lIa 6bITb .n;OCTaTO'IUO .n;nllIlIloii:
1111' l<opO'Ie 30 1II1II). MeCTO KHonKH 3anopnoro 3allIKa - npoTHB
,II,q!lIHPUOH neTJIlI, npIlMepllo Ha ypoBIIe B .n;Be TpeTlI BbICOTbI
opllyca OT OCHOBanll. PBanble BOJIOKna ne .n;OJI)!(HbI .n;OXO-
II! I b .n;o KHonKII 3anopnoro YCTpoHcTBa na 3 - 4 lIIM.
IIhlllOJIIIlIB onepaQlIIo pBanblx BOJIOKOU, 3aroToBKY BbICY-
'!IIIII,IIIIT, TIuaTeJIbIlO 3a'IIIm:aIOT Bce Bna.n;HIIbI pIlcYIIKa lIIanoi-i:
11'II'l"Koll-yronKoM (IIIJIlIcpoBaTb BIIalJ;lIHbI .n;OBOJIbIlO Tpy.n;I10).
II .larOTOBKe KpbIIIIKU, OT.n;eJIbIlO OT Kopnyca, pa311Ie'IaIOT ua-
II I 101 I 1.11 Hlom:lle pe6pa TOJIm:UIIOH 2,0 - 2,5 MI\1. B I\leCTe YCTaIlOBKlI
1i!"I'"l1pa pe6po c.n;BHraIOT K cepe.n:lIue KpbIIIIKH lIa IIIlIPUIIY neT-
....-..
_________ 195  
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Jill. Bo BIIYTpeUHeH aCTH KpblllIKlI KJIIOKap30ii: BbIpe3alOT .n;peBt'
ClIHY TaK, IT06bI ee nOBepXIIOCTb nOBTOpSma napY)!(HYIO, a TOll
[QIIHa no Bna.n;IIHal\1 pllCYlIKa nOCJIe OT.n;eJIKII ne npeBbllIIaJIa 2,0
2,5 1II1II. 06pa6OTKY BIIYTpeHHeH 'IaCTII Kopnyca II nIKaTYJIKlI II:!
'IlIlIaIOT C pa3l1IeTKII. .n:JI 3TOro Ha 3arOTOBKY Kopnyca lIaKJIa,L(hl
BaIOT KPbIIIIKY II no ee HanpaBJIIOm:eMY pe6py pa3l\1e'IaIOT OCTpO
3aTO'IeHIIbIlII KapaIl.n;aIlIOllI BJIYTpeIIIIIOIo nonOCTb IlIKaTynKII
I1epByIo pa60'IY10 JIlIHllIO, lIIeCTa YCTaHoBKII lIIapHlIpnblx neTeJIb II
3anopiIoro YCTpoHcTBa. C Y'IeTOllI 3anaca na CYIIIKY 1I no.n;roIIK)
KpblIlIKII Ha Kopnyce npO'Iep'IllBaIOT OT PYKII BTOpyIO pa60'lYJII
JIlIHIIIO, OTcryIlllB BHYTpb lIa 1 ,S - 2,0 1II1II OT nepBoH. 3aKpenllil
Kopnyc Ha pa60'IeH .n:OCKe, BbICBepJIlIBaIOT BHYTpeHHIOIo nOJIOCrh
3JIeKTpo.n;peJIblO, 3aTellI BbI611palOT KJIIOKap3al\1ll. OKOIl'IaTeJIbnVIO
06pa6OTKY CJIe.n;yeT BeCTII nOCJIe npocyllIlIBanll.
OKOn'IaTeJlbIlYIO 06pa6oTKY BnYTpeHlUIx nonoCTeH BbICY
llIenHoH KpbIIIIKlI 1I Kopnyca IIIKaTYJIKlI y.n;06uo npo1l3Bo.n;HTh
«nbHoH nllJIOH, OCb KOTOpOH He COBna.n;aeT C OCbIO BaJIa 60p
lIIaIlIIIUbI. IIOCalJ;KY KpbIIIIKII Ha Kopnyc III KaTY JIKlI I1p01l3ll0
.n:T nOCJIe npOCYIlIKII 1I 06pa60TKlI. IIpll 3TOllI lIanpaBJIIOIlIIH'
pe6pa KpbIllIKlI Bpe3aIOT B Kopnyc IIIKaTynKlI. KpbIIlIKa .n;OJI)I(
Ha nJIOTHO npllJIeraTb K Kopnycy IlIKaTYJIKll. Bo BpellI IIInJl
<pOBKlI KopIlyca 1I KpblIlIKlI BblBJIIOT 3a.n;lIpbI .n;peBeClIHbI. Y c
TpanIOT lIX OCTpbIlII nO>KOllI 1I nOTOllI IIIJIlIcpYIOT. Bna.n;HUI>I
«pBaHbIX BOJIOKOH llIJllIcpYIOT cppe3allIII 113 l\1rKOH CTanll ...\11
allIeTpOllI 10 - 12 1II1II C pa60'I1I1II npocpllJlellI, COBna.n;alOIUlIlII ("(
Bna.n;IIHallIlI. Ha nOBepxHocTII cppe3 no l\1epe IIX 3aTynJIenll I
HaceKaIOT nepeKpecTHo 3y6b.
,n:JI 60JIee peJIbecpnoro BbmBJIeHII pllcYHKa KPbIlliKY II KOp
nyc npoKpallIlIBaIOT 1II0pllJIKOH, a BbICTYIlaIOm:lle !\lena COllI1111
cpoBbIBaIOT.
3aTellI Bpe3aloT IlIapnHpIlble neTJIlI 1I 3aIlopHoe YCTPOHCTJlO
CTaBT BpellIenlIo KPbIIlIKY na l\IeCTO H npoBepIOT ee pa60TY
Y6e.n;lIBllIlICb B lIOpllIaJIbHoi'r pa60Te KpbIllIKII, pa3l\1e'IaIOT 1I BPI'
3alOT 3anopnoe YCTPOlICTBO. Pa60TY 3anoplIoro YCTpOHCTBa npo
BepIOT npll np06lIOH c60pKe. KpblllIKa .n;on>KIIa OTKpbIBaTbl I
npll na>KaTIIlI lIa KHonKY. I1CnpaBJIbIH 3al\lOK .n;OJDKen 'IeTKO )1.\
---
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(II HaTb , a 3anepTa51 KpbIlliKa nnOTHO npHneraTb K Kopnycy. Bce
II(lOlJepeTC5I npH np06nOH c60pKe.
Ilocne no.n;roToBKlI 3anopIloro YCTpOHCTBa llIKary JIKY CJIe.n:yeT
1'.I.I06paTb, 'IT06bI OKOII'IaTenbno OT.n;eJIaTb ee .n;eTanll.
OKOn'IaTenblIYIO C60PKY IIIKaTy.'IKlI Ha'ilInalOT C 3aKpenJIenll
11.\ KpblllIKe IlIapIIlIpa. EOKOBbIe neT JIll IlIapIlllpa 1I rIle3.n;a .n;JI
IIIIX B Kopnyce IlIKaTYJIKlI nepe.n; OKOlI'IaTenblIOH C60pKOH npo-
IC.lIl'IIBaIOT KneellI E<1>-2 1I no.n;CYIlIHBaIOT. 3aTel\1 rHe3.n;a na o.n;ny
rpl'Tb 3anOJIHIOT nonymll.n;KOH l\1aCTlIKOH 1I3 3Toro )!(e KJIe 1I
JlpcneCIIOll I\1YKII llJ'IlI MenKlIX omlnOK, a neTnll nOKpblBaIOT BTO-
phll\l cnoel\1 KJ'I H BCTaBnIOT B rHe3.n;a. Y6e.n;lIBIlIlICb, 'ITO KpbIIlI-
I{.I H 3anoplIoe YCTPOHCTBO pa60TaIOT XOpOIlIO, roTOBYIO llIKaTYk
I\Y OCTaBJIIOT na npOCYlliKY C OTKpblTOH KpbIllIKOii:.
CYIlIeCTBYIOT pa3J'II1'IIIble cnoc06bI 1I3roTOBJ'IenH TaKlIX IlIKa-
I ynOK. Pa311IepbI IlIKaTYJIKlI Bbl611palOT B 3aBlIClIMOCTII OT ee ua-
.lIIa'Iemm, C06JIIO.n;M npll 3T0l\1 3aKon nponOPQlIonanbllOCTlI. IIpll-
MI'II5I nplllIQlIn KpanIOCTlI, IlIlIPlllIY IlIKaTYJIKII 1II0)!(I10 npllnTb
paJllloii .n;BYI\1, a .n;J'IlIHY  TpellI lIJIlI 'IeTbIpel\1 BbICOTal\1.
Pa60TY lIa.n; IIIKaTynKoH 3aBepllIaIOT nOKpbITlIellI ee J'IaKOllI,
III TIII<pOBalIlIeM 1I nOJ'JIlpOBaIlllellI. I1lI0r.n;a lIa naHeJIX IlIKaTYJIKlI
YI{penJIIOT MeTaJIJ'IlI'IeCKHe .n;eKopaTlIBIIble naKJIa.n;KlI.
IT pllBe.n;ellI em:e o.n;II1J npllllIep 1I3rOTOBJIemm .n;epeBnIIOH IIIKa-
rYJIKIL
BbI611paIOT XOpOIlIO BblCYIlIeHIIbIll lIIaTepllaJ'I.
CTenKlI IlIKaTY JIKII coe.n;lIIIIOT, KaK npaBlIno, C nOllIom:bIO
1I1H1l\1b1X npope3HbIX IlIHIIOB.
L[T06bI npe,l\OTBpaTHTb Kop06nenlle npll pe3K0l\1 1I311IeneHlIH
r('mepaTypbI lIJIlI BJ'Ia)!(nOCTlI, KPbIIIIKY 1I .n;onblIIIKO 1I3.n;eJIII .n;e-
lalOT U3 lIIIIOroCJIOHHOH (4-6 CJIOeB) <paIlepbI. Ona nJ'IOTHO npll-
1\ pl'lIneTC rB03.n;lIKaI\111.
BUYTpeHHIOIo 'IaCTb, KaK npaBlIJ'IO, OKJ'IeIlBaIOT TKanbIO, 6ap-
IIn IIJOM 6YMaroH. 3TOT npI1ellI Tpe6yeT J'IlIllib nemoro IIIJIlIcpoBa-
IIIUI, TaK KaK lIIepOXOBaTOCTlI 3aTellI nOJ'JIIOCTbIO CKpblBaIOTC.
I 1.11 I (jonee COBpe!\leIlIIble H III1TepeCHbIe pemeIl .n;aeT nOJIlIpo-
11.1 II Ill' BIIYTpemleii 'IaCTlIlliKaTY J'IKII. B 3TOM cnY'Iae .n;epeBHlIble
1.1111 I'OBKlI cIIa'!aJIa TlIIaTeJIblIO llInII<pYloT mKypKoH 1I I10nllPY-
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lOT, T.e. nOJIIIOCTbIO OT.n;enblBaIOT C BIIYTpeIllIeH CTOpOlIbl, a 3a-
TellI y)!(e c06IIpaIOT B llIKaTYJIKY. Ha pllC. 161 npllBe.n;elIbl nan60-
nee pacnpoCTpaIleIlIlble KOIICTPYKQIIlI IIIKaTY JIOK.
<l>ypHHTypa ,lI,JUI H3,l1,eJIHM
IIOTpe6IIocTb B cpypllllType B031111KaeT maBlIbIlII 06pa301\1 npll
1I3rOTOBneUlIlI npe.n;lIIeTOB npllKJIa.n;I10ro lICKYccTBa 1I .n;OllIallIlIero
06II0.n;a.
<DYPUlITYPOM I1a3blBaIOT l\1eTaJInll'IeCKIIe .n;eTaJIII 1I np1l60pbI,
lICnOnb3yel\lbIe .n;JI pa60TbI B 1I3.n;eJIlIX I13 llpeBeCllIIbI.
<DypllIlTypa BeCbllIa pa3I1006pa3I1a no na3I1a'IeIlIII0, KOIICTPYK-
QIIII II BIIeIlIHel\l)' BII.lI:Y. Ee YCJIOBIIO I\IO>KUO pa3.n;eJllITb lIa Tpll
rpynnbI: CKpbITa cpYPHIITypa, OTKpbITa}! II .n;eKopaTlIBlla.
K nepBoH rpynne OTIIOCTC no.n;BeCIIble neTJIII .n;n HaCTelIIIblX
113.n:enllii:, Bpe3I1bIe 3al\1KlI 1I T. n. alia .n;OJI)!(I1a 6bITb npo'IIIoii: II
I1a.n;e)!(IIOll B pa60Te, TaK KaK I1eCeT, KaK rrpaBIlno, I1arpY3KY.
,=-E'198'
-
Ko BTOpOM - lIIapllllpIlble neTnll H OTKpbIThle 3allIKlI ,lJ,JI IIIKa-
lynoK, JIapQoB, TIJIa<poHoB, )!(eHCKlIX YKparneIlIIH 1I T.n. 3Ta cpyp-
Ilinypa .n;OJI)!(I1a 6bITb npOnOPQlIOllaJIblla pa311IepallI 113.n;eJIII,
l'oOTBeTCTBOBaTb ero QBeTY, CTIIJIlO, OT.n;eJIKe.
K TpeTbeH - .n;eKopaTlIBIIble 06KJIa.n;KlI 60pTOB TOHKOCTeIlIlbIX
l'OCy.n;OB 113 .n;peBeClIIIbI II HaKJla.n;HbIX .n;eTanell. Tpe60BaHII K
I pl'TbeM rpynne Te )l{e, 'ITO 1I KO BTOpOH.
Hac 6y.n;eT 1IIITepeCOBaTb B OCHOBIIOllI cpypIInrypa .n;JI 113.n;e-
'Illii .n;eKopaTIIBIIO-npIlKJIa.n;lIoro lICKyccTBa, KOTOpOH B npo.n;a)l{e
III'T. II03TOllIY ee I1pIlXO.n;lITC H3rOTaBJIIIBaTb CBOllllIII ClIJIallIlI.
HaBecHbIe neTJllI (pllC. 162) 1II0)!(IIO npll06pecTlI B lIIara311-
lIax, 110 01111 rpy6bI 1I He 1I11IeIOT allTlIKOpp0311lIHOrO nOKpbITlI.
II03TOllIY .n;JI 1I3.n;eJIlIM .n;eKopaTlIBIIO-npllKJIa.n;I1oro lICKYCCTBa
I.y'uue c.n;eJIaTb neTJIII II3 JIIICTOBOro lIIeTaJIJIa, JIaTYIlII, lIIe.n;lI,
IIpOCToro )!(eJIe3a. )KeJIe3lIble neTnll 1II0)l(II0 HarpeTb B nJIaMellll
. a.IOBOM nJIIITbI 1I npOTepeTb B ropqellI COCTOHlIlI BeTOllIbIO,
JlpOnllTallllOll lIIarnllHHbIlII lIIaCJIOllI. 06pa3yeTc YCTOH'IIIBM OK-
'1I.n;lIa nJIelIKa.
illapHHpHble neTJIH .n;JI xy.n;o)!(eCTBeIlHbIX IIIKaTYJIOK 1I JIap-
'lOB IIY)!(lIbI I1e60JlbllIlle, C .n;eKopaTIIBIIOH OT.n;eJIKOH, COOTBeTCTBY-
IOlUeii OT.n;enKe 1I3.n;eJIlI. 3TlI neTJIlI 1II0)l(I10 113rOTOBIITb callIlIlII
11.1 npYTKa JIaTYIIII lIJIlI lIep)l{aBeIOm:eM CTaJIlI .n;lIallIeTpOllI 3 - 4
MM (pllC. 163), ,
MO)l{l{O c.n;eJlaTh neTJIlI 1I3 .n;BYX KYCKOB CTanbIlOH npOBOJIOKII.
()Jum KYCOK cr1l6aloT B BII.lI:e 6YKBbI II, a BTOpOM I1allIaThlBaIOT'
I
PUG. 162. II e7nJlU llaBeCllbte
,  ,
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IJI
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mrn
Puc. 163. lliapllUp'UlJl nemJlJl
aMI uu<:amy,J1'KU
Puc. 164. II emMl IWllCmpYKu,uu
p.M. Tycap"-Y'Ka
Ha Hero CnnpaJIbIO, KOHQbI npOBOJIOKII 3aTa'IIIBaIOT. llIapHlIp-
IIble neTJIII KOIlCTPYKQIIlI .n:.M. fycap'IYKa CTaBT ua IlIKaTYJI1<II,
Y KOTOpbIX KpbIlliKa .n;OJI>I<Ha OTKpbIBaTbC5I C n01\10m:b10 CKpbIToii
npY)!(lIHbI npll Ua)!(aTIIII Ha KHonKY 3anopHoro YCTPOlICTBa. Cxe-
lIIa TaKOH lIIapHllpIlOH neTnll co CKpbITOH npY)J(IIHOM 1I nOKa3aIla
I1a pllC. 164. Ona COCTOllT 1I3 Tpex neTeJlb (.n;BYX KpaHulIx If
oAnoM cpe.n;HeH), coe.n;lIl1eHIIbIX OCbIO - TOpCIIOHIIOM npY)J(lInOM,
pa6oTalom:eM I1a CKPY'IlIBaIllle.
IIeTJIII 1I3rOTaBnllBaIOT 113 naTYHIIOM )!(eCTII TOJIm:llIIOll n ,5-
0,7 1II1II. Pa311Iep lIIapIlllpIloH neT JIll onpe1(eJ1IOT no lIIecry Bpe3a-
1I1I B IIIKaTYJIKY, ne HapYlliaSI ee npO'IIIOcTlI.
TopclIoHnYlo OCb .n;eJIaIOT 113 nPY)!(lIHHOll npOBOJIOKII .n;lIal\1eT-
pOI\1 1,0-,1,5 lIIM.
IIpll IIaJIH'IlIl1 He06xo.n;1I11I0ro IIHcTpYl\1enTa 1I naBbIKa B cne-
CapIIOI\1 .n;eJIe 113rOTOBlITb TaKYlo nevlIo uecnO)!(IIO B .n;OllIallIIlllX
YCJIOBIIX.
3aMoK AJI IlIKaryJIKH .n;OJI)J(ell 6bITb rrpOCTbll\1, 'IT06bI HOlt
.n;eMCTBlIel\1 npY)I{lIHbl KpbIIIIKa nerKO OTKpblBaJIaCb.
3al\10K .n;OJI)!(en 6bITb lIeCnO)!(UbIlII B 1I3rOTOBneUllll, I1a.n;e)!(-
IIblM B pa60Te, I1e3aMeTIIO Bpe3aTbC B Kopnyc IIIKaTynKlI lIJIII
1I11IeTb .n;eKopaTIIBIIYIO naKJIa.n;I1YIO OT .n;enKY .
3allIOK J],. M. fycap'IYKa (pllC. 165) COCTOIIT 1I3 cK06bI 2, 3<1
KpenneIIIIOH I1a KneIO B KpbIIliKe 1, II 3anopnoll cK06bI 4, 3aKpell-
JlenIlOH IIa KJIeIO B KopIlyce 5 n nponym:eIlIloll 'Iepe3 KIIonKy 3. II pll
....-..
' <,200 
----
1.II<PbITlIII KpbIIlIKlI ee cK06a OT-
,lit-meT 3anopHylo cKo6y, BXO-
Itll r 13 3aQenJleHlle C Hell II y.n;ep-
1'lIuaeT KPblllIKY B 3aKpbITOllI
III)JIO)!(eHIIlI. .n:JI OTKpbITlI
II phlllIKlI n;OCTaTO'IIIO na)!(aTb
11.1 KlIonKY, BbICTynmom:yIO 1I3
11I)llIyca IIIKary JIKlI.
3anopIlYlo cK06y 4 nJIOC-
lillry6QallIlI .n;eJIaIOT 1I3 npOBO-
1101<11. IIpOBOJIOKY neper1l6a-
lOT nononallI C pa.n;lIycollI 1I3- Puc. 165. 3a.ftto'K aJ1Jl WKamYJ1KU
III{)a 1 - 2 1II1II TaK, 'ITo6bl o6a
I IIIIQa 6bInll O.n;HOM .n;nllHbl. 3aTellI nJIocKory6QallIlI oTr1l6aIoT
I OJIOBKY-KpIO'IOK .n;n cQenJIeUll co cK060H 2 IIa .n;JIlIny 2 1II1\1.
CK06y 2 nJIOcKory6QallIlI .n;enaIOT 1I3 TaKoH )l{e npOBOJIOKII.
11)111 c60pKe ona .n;OJI)!(I1a cB060.n;IIO BXO.n;lITb B cK06y 4.
TaKOM 3allIOK 1\10)!(eT 1I3rOT0I3HTb Ka)!(.n;bIH pe3'IlIK-m06l1TeJIb.
JlJI$I 3TOro HY)!(UO 1I11IeTb npOBOJIOKY .n;lIallIeTpOI\1 1-1,2 1II1II 1I
II !hI'HlbIH cJIeCapnbIll III1cTpYllIenT.
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,  201 :J}= r
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JlCKYCCTBa
K'IlICJIY 3al\1e'IaTeJIbllbIX xy.n;OmeCTBemlbIX npOH3Be.n;eIIlIll 11,\
.n;epeBa I\lOmIIO no npaBY OTneCTlI lI3.n;eJIlI COBpel\1enUbIX l\1acH'
pOB uapo.n;nbIX xy.n;omeCTBeHllbIX npOl\1bICJIOB, 3al\1e'IaTeJIbllbIl'
pa60TbI caI\10.n;eTeJIbllbIX xy.n;omHHKOB. 1lI1IpOK Kpyr TaKlIX npo,
1I3Be.n;eHlIH, C03.n;anIIbIX I1apo.n;UbIl\1l1 l\1aCTepal\1l1 B npOIlIJIOI\1 II
pa3l1bIX CTpauax.
Xy.n;omeCTBennoe H3.n;eJIHe 1I3 .n;epeBa OIlpe.n;eJIIOT npe)l{.n;('
I
Bcero TaKlIe 'IepTbI, KaK OpllfllllaJIbUOCTb aBTopCKoro 3al\1bIc.na,
BKYC II l\1aCTepCTBO lICnOJIHeHlI.
OT aaMbICJIa - K BOnJIOeHHlO
JIecoBHK. B JIecy 1\10muo uepe.n;KO YBIIlJ;eTb .n;epeBb C pa.J-
JIII'IlIbIl\1l1 .n;ecpeKTal\1l1. He Ka)l{.l!:bIH BIIlJ;lIT TaHUY, KOTopa CKpbl
BaeTC 3a HeKa3HcToH BHellInOCTbIO I1Im IIJIlI 'Iyp6aKa, lIe Ka)K-
.n;bIH 3l1aeT, 'ITO lI3 UllX 1II0)l{HO c.n;eJIaTb O'IeHb KpacIIBble Bem:lI.
ECJIlI B3mb cocuy C uapocTOI\1 OKOJIO KOllIJI II OT.n;eJIbHO nenh
(' KOpHl\1l1 TaK, 'IT06bI .n;lIaMeTpbI lIX 6bIJIlI o.n;lIHaKOBbI, TO noJIY"
'I1I1\1 Ue'ITO Bpo.n;e roJIOBbI C poral\1l1.
CO CTBOJIOB 6epe3bI nalJ;O cpe3aTb, cOBeTyeT B.H. EJIKlIH, 11('
CKOJIbKO rpll60B. Te, 'IT,O nOKpynHee, npllKpenlll\1 K KOMJIIO
nOJIY'IlIJIHCb 6pOBlI, H3 Tpex l\1eJIKlIX rpll60B coopy.n;lIl\1 IIOC.
fJIa3a c.n;eJIaeM II3 CTeKOJI O'IKOB. qepIIon l\1aCAAIIoif KpacKoii I
BHyrpelllleH crOPOUbI creKOJI Hapllcyel\1 3pa'IKIl, a KOma 'IepUM KpaCK,1
BbICOXlleT, C TOH me CTOpoHbI nOKpaClIl\1 CTeKJIa 6eJIOH KpaCKOH. n pi I
KpenIIM IIX no.n; 6pOBlI. Kor.n:a 3Ta OrpOI\1HM roJIOBa OCBemaeTnl
COJIHQel\1 II Ha rJIa3aX nOBAAIOTC 6JIIIKlI, JIecOBIIK O)!(J1BaeT.
Y CbI II 60po.n;y .n;eJIaeM H3 l\1eJIKlIX Kopneif KycTapHIIKoB II
TpaB. Ha roJIOBY na6pacbIBael\1 B 6ecnopMKe l\1eJIKHe KOpIUI II
no.nyqael\1 He'IeCanble BOJIOCbI, lI3 KOTOpbIX BblrJIMblBaIOT pora
KpymIble KOpUlI n.
Ha pllC: 166 nOKa3an «JIecoBlIK B.H. EJIKHlIa.
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P('3HOft lI.l(OJI (pllC. 167). Ou BbIIlOJIUen aBTOpOI\1 no pncYIl-
y 11.1 1. MlIKJIyxo-MaKJIa, c.n;eJIaunoro C naTypbI B HOBoii: fBlI-
III(' II 1871-1872 rr.
Ilml noif QeJIlI lICnOJIb30BaIla .n;OCKa TOJIm:lIIIOii: 40 I\IM, IIIH-
1..llIlIii 1301\11\1, .n;JIIUIoif 700 MI\1. ,lJ:epeBo - cocIIa (IO)I{no 6paTb
.1111". ocpe3Y II .n;p.).
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IToCJIe cTporall o.n;non CTOpOIlbI.n;OC-
KII IIIIIpllHOH 130 1\11\1 na I1ee 6blJI I1ane-
cell pllcynoK 'Iepe3 KonllpOBaJIbnYIo 6y-
l\1ary II C nOl\1om:bIO Koop.n;lIl1aTlIOH ceT-
KII. BeCb PllCYIIOK BbillOJIIIeII B npIlH-
TOl\1l\1aCIIITa6e. .LJ:aJIee 06pe3aJIlI 3aroTOB-
KY no KOlITYPY 1I3.n;eJI H na'IaJIH Bblpe-
3aTb Horn. C n01\10m:bIO HmKOBKII BbI6-
paJlIl .n;peBeclIny Me)l(.l!:Y I10r, Bbi'pe3aJlll
1I113 )I(I1BOTa II cpapTYK C TblJIbIlOH
CTOpOIlbI 1I3.n;emm. Cpe3aJlll c nepe.n;HeH
'IaCTlI I10r .n:peBeCIIUY Ha nOJIOBlIIIY .n;JIII-
I1bI CTymlll, BbllJe3aJIlI I1aJIbQbI CTymlll.
3aTel\1 npIlcTynllJIII K Bblpe3aIllli0
PYK. IIepBOIla'IaJIbHO C n0I\10m:bIO HO-
)l(OBKII BbI6paJlll .n;peBeCIIIIY .D:JI 06pa-
30BaHII 'IaCTII PYK. 3aTeM Cpe3aJIlI .n;pe-
BeCIIIIY cnepe.n;lI, Bblpe3aJIlI .n;JI no.n;-
60po.n;Ka yrJIy6JIeIllle, I1a nll)l(I1eH 'Iac-
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naJIbQbI PYK, .n;ep)l(am:lIx KIllIry.
3aTeM nepeIlIJIII K BbIpe3aHlIIO JIIIQa.
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nllllllIO ClIl\1l1IeTpHII, OT.n;eJIIOm:yIO npa-
BYIO ero qaCTb OT JIeBoii:. 3aTel\1 CHJIII
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CI\1OTpm:lIe BIIII3, YllIIIII roJIOBHOH y60p.
y13.n;eJIlIe IIIJIlIcpOBaJIlI, TOIlllpOBaJIII
II nOKpbIBaJIII JIaKOM.
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KYIO I1axo.n;KY, KOTopa .n;JI 60JlbllIeil
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B 'IaCTIIOCTII, JIeCHbIe I1axo.n;KII A.A. ITepclIHenKo II f.K.
1\I'IIPhI nOCJIe 06pa60TKlI npeBpaTlIJIIICb B JIeCIIbIe CKYJIbTITypbI
(pile. 168, 169).
lillor.n;a 3a.D:Yl\1allIlbIH .J:Jm JIeCIIOH CKYJIbIITypbI 06pa3 Tpe6YeT
1'"',llllIcmm JIeCnbIX lIaxo,n:OK HnH IIX cppanlenToB B e.wmyIO KOI\1-
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KOMn03UQlIlO M.O. Muxaii:JIOBOM «PacCTaJIIICM (puc. 170).
B napKax I\fO)I{HO BCTpeTuTb cKYJIbnTypbI, BbIpe3aHlIble lie
nocpe.n;cTBellllo I1a nx CTBonOB MepTBbIx .n;epeBbeB. 3TlI CKYJIb-
I1TypbI J\10)l{I10 TaK)I(e OTlIeCTH K JIeCllbII\L
JIecIIble lIaxo.n;KIIII cKYJIbnTypbI B uapo.n;e nOJIY'IaIOT Bce 60JIb-
lIIee npll311aIlIle. 01111 HanOMI1I1aIOT 0 nece II C03.n;aIOT onpe.n;e-
JIenHOe HaCTpoeUlIe, 1II1IpOKO nplll\1eHIOTC .n;JI.H xy.n;O)l(eCTBelI-
I1oro ocpopJ\1JIeHII nOMem:eHI1H, .n;BOpOB 11 napKOB.
B 3aBlIClIMOCTlI OT lIa3l1a'Iellll lIaxo.n;KI1 .n;OJI)I{IbI OTBe'IaTh
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nepBocTenelllloe 3Ua'IellUe BlleuIIIlIii: BlI.n;: C KOpOM lIJIII 6e3 KOpbI.
.n: JIeCIIOH cKynbnTypbI I1l\1elOT Ba)l(1I0e 3Ua'IeUlle BUYTpellucc
cTpoeIIlIe .n;peBecHHbl, ee TeKcTypa II QBeT.
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BIIJIO, 6e3 KOpbI.
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I1IIor.n;a lICnOJIb3YIOT B JIeCUblX uaxo.n;Kax. Kopy pa3I1006paJ-
...-.,
' 206::?= 
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111110 QBeTa 1\10)l(eT .n;aBaTb 6epe3a. EepeCTa ua cTapblx pauax
I IIIOJIa 6epe3bl I1JIII lIa lIapocTax npI1I1Ul\1aeT 'IeIlIYH'IaTYIO cpop-
MV C 'IepllbII\1U 3aBIITKaI\1U, lIanol\1I1uaIOm:Ylo l\1epJIYIIIKY IIJIU
IlapaKYJIb.
TaK Kopa .n;aCT BbIpa3I1TeJIbuyIO K0l\1n03I1QlIIO. KpacuBYIO U
1JIrKYIO KOPy .n;aeT al\1YPcKIIn 6apxaT U np06KoBbIn .n;y6. Xopo-
JIll) CMOTpIITC B KOMn03l1QlIlI rJI5U1QeBa Kopa BfiIlIUII, )l{eJITOH
UllaQlIlI II .n;pyrllx nopo.n;.
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PI)JlbI, 110 cJIe.n;YeT nOI\1I1IITb, 'ITO ueKoTopble I13 UIlX npll BbICbl-
xallI1l1 no.n;Bep)l(enbI paCTpecKIIBaulIlo II Kop06JIell1ll0 (ocuua, TO-
lIonb, OJIbXa II .n;p.). .n:JI pe3ublx pa60T l\1aCTepa npe.n:nO'IIITaIOT
!llIIY. Gua JIenw pe)l(eTc, nO'ITU ue TpeCKaeTC, lie Kop06I1Tc,
1IICCT pOBllbIH QBeT.
XOpollIO pe)l(eTC II OT.n;eJIbIBaeTC OJIbxa. Ee .n;peBeClIua 1I1\1e-
('f npIlTHble TenJIbIe TOHa.
I1I1TepecubIe 06pa30Ba1l1l .n;aeT KJIen, oc06eIluo KaBKa3cKIIH.
f.ll.e HCKaTb MaTepHaJI .lI.}UI .IIeCHbIX CKY.lIbIITYP? IIoCTaBIUII-
l<aMlIl\1aTepUaJIa .n;JI JIeCllbIX lIaxo.n;OK 1I cKYJIbnTYP 1\10ryT 6bITb
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II Il'KaIOT BHlIl\1anlle Ka)l{.n;oro JII06I1TeJI. 3TII OTKJIOUellll BbI-
,\II;lIIbI 60JIe3UI\1U, TpaBJ\IaMII, T)I(eJIbII\1I1 YCJIbBII1\111 I1pOIl3pac-
1,llIIf .n;epeBa.
.n:epeBb, CTom:ue ua onYIlIKe JIeca, B.n;OJIb .lI.opor 1I 60JIbllIlIX
IIpoceJ<, 'Iam:e Bcero TpaBMIIpYIOTC JIIO.n;bl\1I1, CKOTOI\1 1I JIeCllbI1\1lI
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IllIyr .n;ynJIa.
Y 6epe3bI, IIBbI, OJIbXII 'IaC'IO 06pa3YIOTc lIapocTbI lIa KOp-
!lUX. B 60Pb6e 3a cym:ecTBoBaulie B lIe6JIaronpllTubIX YCJIOBU5IX
JII'PCBb ycuJIeuuo pa3BIIBaIOT KoplleBYIO ClICTeI\1Y, 06pa3Y ec-
11'(' fFleullYlo K0l\1n0311QlIIO U3 KopueH .n;n JIeCllbIX I1axo.n;OK
(pilI. 171-173).
II peKpacllbln l\1aTepllaJI .n;JI JIecUblX naxo.n;OK .lI.aeT J\IO)I()I{e-
III' FJhIlHK.
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IIbIlII nplITllbII\I apOl\1aTOM npllBJIeKaeT BHIIJ\1alllle pe3'IlIKOB-JuO
611TeJIeii.
llOllCK l\1aTeplIaJIa .n;JI JIeCIIbIX lIaXO,D:OK lIa.n;o na'IlIlIaTb
onYIIIKII JIeca, CTapbIX neCHbIX .n;opor, npoceK, 3anecellIIbIX KPy
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UIII 'I 1\ I1e)l(1I3I1ecnoc06I1OfO no.n;pocTKa.
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rOJIOBbI, Ila MIlIOBeIllIe 3al\1epJIlI oneIIlI (pllC. 178), BTMlIBa BO.I"
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fJIY60KlIe nOJIOCTlI I1a nepBOI\1 3Tane 06pa60TKlI .n;on6m,
I1IfOr.n;a BbICBepnllBaIOT C .n;on6JIeulIel\1.
.n: pe3aIlll CTaMeCKOH C n0I\10m:bIO KlInKH 3aroToBKY 3.1
KpenmllOT B TlICKax lIJIlI lIa pa60'Ien .n;OCKe CTOpIIOro BepCTaR.1
B I10CJIe.n;mOIO O'Iepe.n;b BbIpe3aIOT pal\1KY 1I3.n;eJIlI II OT.l{eJI
BaIOT 1I3.n;eJIlIe.
K 'IlICJIY BbI.n;aIom:HXC 6eJIOPYCCKlIX MaCTepOB nplllla.n;JIe)l(1I J
1I1\1lUlCKlIH pe3'IlIK B. OJIbilleBCKlIH. IIpllBep)l(ellllOCTb ero K aIIlI
J\IaJIlICTlIKe 06ycnOBJIella r JIY60KOH JII060Bbi0 K )l(IIBOTIIOMY J\IlIPY
'IyBCTBY, lICnOKOII BeKOB npllcym:el\lY KpeCTbnCKOH <;pe.n;e, III
KOTOpOii: BbllIIeJI caM MaCTep.
Bm06JIeIlIlblH B J\llIp )l{lIBOTllbIX, 011 CTapanc lie HaPYIII3TJ.
npllpo.n;noro COBepillellCTBa lIX CPOPM, CTpel\1Cb nepeneCTlI ec "
cKynbllTYPY BO BceH nepB03.n;amIOCTII. Kpyr anlll\IaJInCTII'IeCKIl
06pa30B y l\1aCTepa 6bIJI .n;OBOJIbIIO illllpOK: 3y6p, JIOCb, Me.n;Be/(h.
BonK, c06aKa, JIOilla.n;b.
B CKYJIbmype «3a l\1e.n;OM» (pllC. 179) l\1e.n;Be.n;b 3anplll\1eTII I
lIa .n;epeBe n'IeJllUlblii: YJIeH II 1I30 Bcex CHJI cTapaeTc .n;06paThr I
.n;o lIero no I10'ITlI rna.n;Kol\1Y CTBOJIY, 'ITO OKa3aJIOCb lie TaKIlM
nerKlIM .n;JI lIero .n;eJIoJ\1.
ABTOp TOHKO no.n;MeTlIJI KOJ\1lI3M Me.n;Be)l(beH nOIlbITKlI 110)1.1
KOMIITbC l\1e.n;ol\1. Me.n;Be.n;b 3a6aBIIo OOXBaTlIJI I1epe.n;I1l1J\1lI JIall.. I
1\111 CTBOJI .n;epeBa H 6y.n;TO 3a.n;Yl\1aJIc: .n;0611paTbC .n;o YJIb 111111
I\lO)I(eT lie CTOIIT TpaTIITb ClInbI nOllanpacny? I
Bo06m:e 1I3 aIIlIl\!aJInCTlI'IeCKlIX 06pa30B B. OJIbllIeBCKoro 60 'II,
lIIe Bcero npllBJIeKaeT l\1e.n;Be.n;b. IIpllCTpaCTlle MaCTepa K 3TOM
)l{lIBOTIIOI\1Y 06DCIIeTC Tel\!, 'ITO J\1e.n;Be.n;b - O.l{IUl 113 caMhi
m ,
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IIlIlIymlpllbIX 06pa30B B CPOJIb-
I '101'1101\1 TBOp'IeCTBe, r.n;e 3TOT
IIlI'ph lIa.n;eJIell J\1II0rlll\llI npll-
II 'U'I(<lTeJIbnbII\IlI 'IepTaMlI, .n;a-
11I1I1I11\1II B03J\IO)I(1I0CTb xy.n;O)l(-
11111 y Il306pa)l(aTb ero KOJIO-
plllllO II Bne'IaTJIIom:e.
Bmll\1allIIe B. OJIbllIeBCKO-
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11111101 «ITYCThIIlIlHK 1I Me.n;Be.n;b».
[I hOl\1II03IIQlIH MaCTep nOlJ;'Iep-
llyn OCIIOBIlYIO I\1bICJIb 6aCIIlI:
., ('nY)l(JIIlBbIH .n:ypaK onacIIee
"p.lra». OIl 1I306pa311n Me.n;Be-
\II. KOTOpbIH no.n;IIJI YBeCIlC-
I hi i I Kal\1elIb lIa.n; cnm:lIM IT YC-
IhlllllIlKOI\1 (pIlC. 180), 'IT06bI
IIlIpaJIITb J\tyxy na ero JI6y.
XapaKTepIlo, 'ITO B KpbI-
IIIIIICKHH 06pa3 ITYCTbIIIIlIlKa
II O.TIbllIeBCKIIH IIpllBllec CBoe
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1111 6enopyccKoro MY)l(lIKa:
I \11111'1110 KpeCTbIICKoe nHQO,
1.llIrll, TOIIKa no.n;nOCKa na
Iqll'CTbI1CKOll COpO'IKe.
B TpaKTOBKe cpllryp B.
1 ) IlhllleBCKlIH npll.n;ep)l{lIBaJIC
IIpllllluma coxpallemIH nx eCTeCTBeIllloii: nJIaCTlIKlI, BbIBn ee
'I'.ICOTY I\IHrKoil Mo.n;enHpoBKoH rJIa.n;KOfO' .n;epeBa. HerJIy60Klle
\llIpl'.IKn, KOTOpbIl\1I1 l\1aCTep nOJIb30Banc o'!eIlb 3KOIlOl\IlI'InO,
1111 '\'lepKIIBaIOT nnaCTlIKY cKynbnTYPlloii l}:>Opl\IbI.
JII06l11\1bIl\1 MaTepnaJIOM B. OJIbilleBcKoro, KaK 1I 1\1II0rllX 6e.rr0-
1'\'C'I"I<IlX pe3'!I1KOB no .n;epeBY, BJIeTC JIlma. Ho lIapMY-C 3TIII\1
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JIOCb, Qapb 3Bepefj B JIecax POCCllll, np06IIpaeTc CKB03b lJaUl}
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'IllBO O)l{lI.n;a CBOllX Copo.n;Il'IeH (pllC. 182).
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IIIIR KOIITpOJIbHblX TO'IeK npe.n;nJIe'Ib, nJIe'IeBOrO, JIOKTeBoro U
lliCTeBoro cycTaBoB, a TaK)I{e nOJIO)l{eIIII KlIcTeH PYK. PyKaBa
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II I j\eJIKY.
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1I1(()II'IaTeJIbIlOe I1pOcpllJIlIpOBaIllle. '
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'la, 1\10)l{IIO OT.n;eJIbIIbII'1 cpparl\1eIlTal'1 npll.n;aTb IIY)KIIyIO cpopl'1Y, a
IIm'JIe IIX CKJIellBallllH 06pa60TaTb .n;eTaJIII onllCaIIIIbII'1 cnoc0601\1.
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XapaKTep. IIOIlCK KOMII03l1QlIlI II xYlJ;O)KeCTBeIlIIOH Bblpa3l1TeJIb-
1I1I1'Tli IIa'IlIIIaIOT C 3CK1I3I1pOBalIlI.
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pal\1 3aroToBKY, TluaTeJIbllO BbIpaBIIIIBaloT OCTpbII\1 py6:IIK0J\1 :e I
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lIee PllCYIIOK II 06pa6OTaTb KOIITypbI.
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IIhlpe3aIIlIe II T ..n;.
PaOOTbI oeJIOPYCCKHX pe3'IHKOB no ,ZJ;epeBY
CTapeiillIlIIIa 6eJIOpyccKlIX napo.n;lIblX pe3'IIIKOB, )l{lITeJIb I1Bell-
Ila A. ITynKo pa60TaJI nO'ITII BO Bcex :>Kanpax .n;epeBnlIoH I1JIac-
'1'111<11. HecJ\IOTp lIa Tpy.n;I10CTII, l\1aCTep BocneBaeT KpacoTY :>KeII-
1I1IIIIbl-J\1aTepll, 06pa3 KOTOpoii Bcer.n;a npllBJIeKaJI IIap O .ll:I1bIX
I'KY nbnTopOB. PeJIbecplloe 1I306pa)!(eIlIIe l\1aTepll C J\1JIa.n;eIlQeJ\1
A. ITynKo 06paJ\1neT nbllIIIIbIl\1 BenKOI\1 1I3 QBeTOB. IIpocToTa,
Ila)!(e IIeKoTopM nallBIIOCTb KOMn0311QIIH CO'IeTaeTC C n03TlI'I-
IIO('TbIO :>KeIICKOro 06pa3a (MaTepulIcTBO», pllC. 184).
fI pe.n;CTaBJIIOT 1I11TepeC pa60TbI BlITe6cKoro pe3'IUKa A. Mllxe-
1'111<0. B pa60Te JIBonllxa» (pIle. 185) I1pe.n;nO'ITeIllle OT.n;aeT-
I'll .n;CKopaTIIBIIbIM Ka'IecTBal\1 CKy.lIbIITypbI. IIO'ITII OTCYTCTBYIOT
1:II\pyrJIeII, I1JIaBnble nepexo.n;bI nllIIIIH. ITope3Ka, c.n;eJlaIIIIa
"IHIMbIJ\lII pe3QaJ\1l1, npll06peJIa cpOPMY reOMeTpll'IeCKIIX cpuryp.
/l('I(OpaTIIBna Bblpa311TeJIbIIOCTb CKYJIbIITypbI A. MlIxeeIlKo no.n;-
'lI'I)J(JJBaeTC CO'IeTaIIlIellI JIlIneHllbIX nJIOCKOCTeH .n;peBeClIIlbl, 'IeT-
III 1M II 'IJIeneIIIIJ\lII 06'be1\1OB,
()npOYllIIIOIi BbI.l(YJ\1KOii OTJIWlaeTC.H pa60Ta C. fYTKOBCKOro,
1II11I('('TBYIOm:a 0 pa3JIII'InIJIX npllKJIIO'IemlHX na OXOTe. IIona.n;o-
C)----
'  221  '
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IJhlX lIa6JIIo.n;eIlIIu, 'lT06bI TaK cBo6o.n;1I0, C IOl\fOpOI\1 BOIlJIOTHTb B
JlcpeBe CJIO)J(lIeUlIInH CIO)J(eT (pnc. 186).
Pa60Ta O'IeIIb Bblpa3I1TeJIblla, I1eCMOTp lIa npoCToTY Clo)l{e-
1.1. MrKnH, HCKpellllIlii IOl\lOp B 3T0l\1 npOI-I3Be.n;emUl lIe nepexo-
JllIT B naCl\1ellIKY. B K0l\1n03IIQIIn « TaK 6bIBaeT na OXOTe c06a-
l<il, YCTaB OT .n;OJIrnx OXOTIII1'IbIIX nepexo.n;oB, yceJIaCb na cIIImy
X03IIlIa II XHTpO KOCHT na lIero rJla301\1 He06bI'IHOCTb CIO)!(eT-
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PUG. 184. «MamepU1tG11160i>
PUG. 185. «.HJl.60llZlXai>
,=<E:" 223 ',
----
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Hom MOTIma npll.n;aJIa
CKY JIbnType I1CKJIIO'III-
TeJIbIlYro opllrIllIanb-
I10CTb H CBe)J(eCTb.
06pam:aeT Ha ce6H
BII1IMaIIHe pa60Ta !\IlIlI-
CKOro pe3'IIIKa <D. Ane-
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UbI!>, 1I306pa)!(aI0m: aH
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3a CTOIlKOii: 6JI1nIOB 11
Clln:m:YIO UanpOTlIB
nero Tem:y.
B pa60Te nOJIHOCTbIO
npOBlInc IOMOp -
neOT1>e!\lneI\10e, opranu-
'IeCKOe cBoii:cTBO I1ap o k
Horo TBOp'IeCTBa, KOTO-
poe oc06enIlo pKO I1pO-
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ro nJIana neT CapKa3l\1a,
naCMeIIIKU, H306JIu'Ie-
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naTeJIblIbIX BnelmH, a
eCTb .n;06PM, TenJIM Y.1bI6Ka, Bbl3BaUIIM )J(aIlpOBOH CQelIKOH 11.\
napo.n;lIoit )I{lI31I1I.
CQellKa - 3TO o.n;lIa 113 MIIOrO'IIICJIenlibIX BapllaQlIH na TeMY
B3allMOOTUOIIIenllH Tem:1I II 3T, 6bITYIOm:IIX B <pOJIbKJIOpIlOM
TBOp'IeCTBe. 3HTb II Tem:a Be.n;YT Bpo.n;e 6bI Cepbe3I1bIii: pa3rOBOp,
no cepbe3HOCTb B CO'IeTanllll C Bblpa)!(eUIIeM 060)J(aII1I 3nJ,
lIanHCaIlHbIM lIa JIIIQe Tem:lI, nenpOIl3BOJIbIlO BbI3bIBaeT YJIbl6KY
JIIIQO 3T, KaK II BC ero cpHrypa, TO)!(e 11306I1nyeT 'IepTaMIl
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___________ ={: 224 :?= r
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101 :ny CQenKY O'iellb Bbl-
pa.IIITCJIbIlOH (puc. 187).
OpUnmaJIbnM, I10JI-
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11.1 OblToBble TeMbI C03.n;a-
lIa pe3'IIIKOM 113 ,Morll-
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lJall.alom:eH oCTpoii: na-
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IIIICI\I I1axo.n;UTb B 6bITY
xapaKTeplIbIe IIITpUXH II
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fialle!> (pllC. 188) npll-
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lIoii: CTlIXHeH B TBOp'Ie-
(' me MaCTepa, nOJIY'IIIB
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IleKOTopble MaCTepa,
IIIITcpnpeTIIpy cpOpl\IY B .n;eKopaTIIBIIOM nJlaIle, nepelIOCT aK-
Ill'IIT na YCJIOBIIOCTb TpaKTOBKI-l cpIlryp )!(I1BOTIIbIX. TaK, B CKYJII1-
I!lype «3y6p!> MIIIICKoro pe3'Hma M. He6blIIIIUIQa 0603I1a'Iella
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I'I()M, 6e3 BII.n;I1MbIX 'IJIelleIlIlit (pIlC. 189).
B 3TOM nJIaCTII'IeCKOI\I Bblpa)J(eIlIIII em:e CHJIbllee om:ym:ae:rc
MOIlYMellTanbllocTb cpIlrYPbI )!(I1BOTIIOro, KOTopa no.n;'Iep'IIIBa-
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IImlll'lIIbIM BbI6opOl\1 xapaTepllblx nope30K.
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lIuii 06pa3110cTII, K CTIInIlCTIIKe uapo.n;uoro I1CKyccTBa B03pO.n;I1-
Jill 1\1II0fIIe npIlel\1bI lIapo.n;uoH nnaCTIIKII.
Tpa.n;I1QIIouIIa Tel\1aTlIKa B COqeTaIlIIH C pa3I1006pa3I1bII\1II
IIpl/CMaMII CTIInIl3aQIUI nplI.n;aIOT pa60Tal\1 6eJIOPyccKIIX pe3'I1I-
lIOn cBoe06pa3IIblii KonopllT II .n;eJIaIOT I1X )J(enaIlIlbll\1 YKpame-
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.1'laBa B lIel\1 TenJIbln 3CTeTIf'IeCKIIii MlIKpOKJIJll\1aT, CKY JIbIITY-
pa MaJIbIX cpopl\1 opraulI'Iuo BXO.n;lIT B 6bIT II .n;YXOBUbIii 1\mp
'lcnOBeKa.
n )J(lInOI\1 IIIITepbepe C nJIaCTlfKOH ManbIX cpopl\1 'IaCTO coce.n;-
C'TnyeT II 6bITOBa YTBapb - IICKYCUO c.n;eJIaUUbIe .n;epeBlIubIe
1'a, peJIKII JIO)J(KII, 60qOUKII, KOBIIIII II .n;p.
Oua lie IIOTepJIa CBOIlX 3CTeTlI'IeCKIIX KaqeCTB, npIlcym:I1x
("KY nbnTypubII\1 cpopl\1aM 6bITOBbIX I13.n;eJIlIll, II nOTOI\IY BJIeTC
lit' TOJIbKO IIpe.n;l\1eTOM YTIfJIIITapllOro lIa3I1a'IelIlm, 110 II YKpallIe-
III/CM )l{lIJIoro IfIITepbepa.
ITOCKOJIbKY 3CTeTlf'IeCKa cpYUKQlrn 3TIIX I13.n;eJIUH CTaJIa 60-
JU'C BcTBeuIloH, pe3'IIIKII CTapaIOTC c.n;eJIaTb IIX 6c)JIee lIapJI.n;-
111.11\111, npn.n;aTb 1I1\1 PKYIO n Bblpa3I1TeJIbllYIO cpopl\1Y, 'IaCTO IIC-
IIUJIb3Y npn 3TOI\1 60raTeiimlIe Tpa.n;I1QIIU cKynbnTypuoii II op-
lIal\1ellTanblloii pe3b6bl.
3JIel\1eIITbI TPa.n:IIQlIOIIIlOro .n;eKopa YKpallIaloT 1\1II0rIle 113.n;eJIIIR
\,I',IlJ.I1KOB A. P6QeBa, B. OJIbllIeBCKOro, C. EYHKoBIl'Ia, 11. fJIalJ;I1-
1,(1II0H, M. Peym, H. EOII.n;ap)'Ka, A. KopcaKa, M. I1BIlIICKOm n .n;p.
AlllfMaJIIICT B. OnbllIeBCKIIH c.n;eJIaJI KOBIII (pllC. 190,6), npu-
Ilan el\1Y cpOPMY YTKII: PY'IKII .n;PyrIlx em KOBlIIeii: 3aKalI'IIIBaIOT-
('U I1306pa)J(eIlIleM rOJIOBbI KOH II ryc (pIlC. 190, 6, t), a B
I\OBIlle M. I1BllllcKoro (pllC. 190, 0) - I1306pa)!(eIlIlel\1 pbI6bI.
CJIO)!(UO OpUaMelITIIpOBaHa pyqKa qepnaKa, c.n;eJIamIOro I1. EOIJ,n:a-
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1111 rneBaTbII\1 OpIlal\1eIlTOM C YCJIO)!(lIeHIIbIM nJIeTeUUe1\1 ero 3ne-
U'IITOB (pIlC. 190, a).
BbIpa3lITenbIlbi cKYJIbnrypnO-nJIaCTlI'IeCKlle cpOpMbI .n;OJI6JIeJIbIX
1I,1}Il'JIIIii - KOpbITQa II. fJIa.n;I1KOBoii:, cpPYKTOBIIIIQbl M. PeYTa,
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60'IOHKa .n;JI BllIla A. KopcaKa (pllC. 191).
IIpoQecc pa3BIITII lICKyccTBa 6enoPyccKliX I1apo.n;I1bIX l\1aCTe-
pOB - B .n;BIDKeIllIll, 011 paCTeT 1I3UYTPIl, 'ITO oc06eIIIIO y6e.n;n-
TeJIbUO no.n;TBep)l{.n;aIOT lITorll lIX TBOp'IeCKIIX nOIlCKOB 3a nOCJIe.n;-
lIee Bpel\1. 111\111 IIaKOIlnen 3I1a'IlITeJIbnbIH OllblT BO Bcex )J(anpax
BI11151 B .n;epeBe, TO'Inee onpe.n;eJIIIJIlICb nYTII II oc06eIlIlOCTII
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CKB0311Oii: pe3b60ii: YKpamaJIlI .n;OI\la (naJIII'IIIIIKlI KpbIJIbQa,
(j>poIlTonbI). YTBapb 113rOTOBnJIII .n;oJI6JIenylO, TO'IeIIYIO, KJIe-
IIO'IIIYIO, YKpam ee TpexrpanIlO-Bblel\1'IaTOH pe3b60ii: (1\1I1CKII,
IIpJIKlI, cpnrll, I10POXOBIIIIQbl). ,n:JI C03.n;aIllm 6bITOBOii YTBa-
I'll mupoKo IICnOJIb30BaJIHCb JI03a, JIy6, 6epecTa.
I13 JIy6a 113rOTOBMJII1 JIYKOIlIKII .n:M ceBa, 113 6epeCTbI - CO-
IIOIIKII, YKpallIeIlIlble OpIIal\1enTOI\1 1I3 pOl\I6I1KOB, 3y6'IIIKOB, Kpec-
lOB, 113 n03bI - Kop06a lJ;M xpaneIIIDl npo.n;YKTOB II o.n;e)l{)I;bI.
Yl\leJIoe CO'IeTaIIlle KpaCIIOH JI03bI C 30nOTlIcToii: COJIOI\1KOH, Kpa-
I'IIII0e nJIeTeIllle 113 HBOBblX npYTbeB 1I KOpIl .n;enaIOT 3TII npOCTbIe
(.!>nUBble npelJ;MeTBI I10MlIIIHbII\IlI npOIl3Be.n;ellI1MII nCKYCCTBa.
n BeK TeXIIlI'IeCKoro nporpecca II l\1eXan1l3IIpOBaIInoro npOll3-
IIO,KTBa 113.n;eJIIm pe3'IIIKOB 110 .n;epeBY CTanll 06'beKT0I\1 KOJIJIeKQlI-
fll/lipOBaHI1JI, CYBeIIHpaI\IlI, YKparneHnel\1 ropo.n:CKOro IIIITepbepa
...-.
' 229:?= ,
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ApxHTeKrypHbIii pe3HOii .n:eKOp B 6eJIapYCH
ApxlITeKrypIIblii: .n;eKOp - 0.n;1II1 II3 Hel\1110rIlX BII.n;OB COBpe-
l\1eIIlIOrO I1apo.n;I1oro lICKYCCTBa, npo.n;omKaIom:I1ii eCTeCTBelIlIOe
pa3BIITIIe 11 nOKa He BbI3bIBaIOm:lIH OIlaceIlIlH 3a CBOIO cy.n;b6y.
I1II.l1: IIB n.n:yaJIbIIOe .n;epeBIIIloe CTpOllTeJIbCTBO B CeJIbCKOH 1\1eCT-
1I0CTll 3aIIlI!\IaeT em:e 3IIa'UlTeJIbIlOe !\IeCTO, 1I TBOp'IeCKlIe YCTpe!\lJIe-
II ITJIOTIIIIKOB, CTOJIpOB, pe3'Il1KOB HaxoM'T 6JIaro.n;aTIIYIO I10'IBY
(pIle. 192).
O.n;naKo KpOMe Tpa.n;lIQIIOIIIIOrO .n;epeBIInoro Bce 60nbillYlo
.n;OJIIO B cenbcKoii: l\IeCTIIOCTII IIa'IlIlIaeT 3allIl!\laTb 1I Ka!\leIIIIOe
CTpOllTeJIbCTBO. KpaclIBble, .n;06poTIIbIe, y.n;06nbIe nocTpoHKll,
BblIlonllellIlble KBaJIlIcpIlQIIpoBaIIIIbII\1I1 cneQIIaJIlICTaI\1I1, 06pa-
IlIaIOT lIa ce6 BIUlMaIIlle cBoell IIn.n;IIBlI.n;yaJIbIIOcTbIO.

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PUG. 192. lI.e7<op iJO.ftta
, :?= '
----
B .n;epeBI1I101\1 cTpOllTeJIbCTBe O.n;I1U!\I 1I3 lIel\1JI0rllX .n;eKopa-
1IIIIIIbIX 3JIel\1eIlTOB 6enopyccKoro lIapo.n;IIOro )l{IIJIum:a 6bIJI KO-
111'1.. 011 nOJIY'IaJlc U3 .n;eKOpaTIIBIIO ocpop!\lJIelIIIbIX KOIlQOB cKpe-
II II 'I IlIbIX .n;OCOK npJt<IeJIlIII baKpbIJIIIII), c6eraIOm:IIx no Kpa!\I
II I'hllIIIL Ha1l60JIee pacnpocTpaIIeIlIIbIe I\IOTlIBbI KOlIbKOB - BbI-
IIII.rJellllble IIa Bepxllux KOIIQax I1pIl'IeJIlIII KOllTypbl KOpOBbIlX
!,oron, nOllIa.n;lIlIbIX ronOB, cpIlrypOK nTIIQ II 31\IeH, nOBepHYTblX
IIpOTlIBOnOJIO)!(lIble CTOpOIlbI. TaKIIe KOHbKII BblIlIlJIIIBaJIlICb
IIpOCTO KaK .n;eKopaTIIBllbIii: 3JIeMeIlT, 3aBepllIaI0m:uii: nOCTpOllKY
(pIIC. 193).
06JIIIK KpecTbIIcKIIX xaT nOCTeneIlIIO l\1eIlJIC. I10BJI-
IIIITH pal\1bI co CTeKJIOI\I' a TaK)I(e lIaJIlI'IlIlIKlI (pll. 194), 06-
!,.IIJIIOIIHle OKIIO 1I IIpe.n;oxpalIlom:lle na3bl Me)l(.n;y pal\10H Ii
I' 1!'1I0H OT I10Ila.n;aIIII Bnarn. Oc06eIIIIo IIIUpOKOH 6bIJIa Bepx-
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PUG. 193. lI.e7<op cppoll7nolla
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PUG. 194. HOJIU1J1tUKU
Ka BbInUJIUBaJIlI B BlI.n;e .n;BYX 3aBIITKOB, I1anOI\1I1I1aIOIl.{UX pa('
TlITeJIbnble n06erlI.
Oco6enIlo KpaclIBble 1I Bblpa3HTeJIblibIe KOI\In03UQlIH, B ocnolll
KOTOpbIX JIe)l(aT .n;Ba 3aBIITKa, I\lO)I{no BCTpeTuTb I1a BOCTOKe fo
l\1eJIbCKOH 06JIaCTI1. 3aBlITKu 3.n;eCb 'IaCTO nO'ITII pacTBopIOTCH II
CJIO)!(I101\1 nepenJIeTeIlIIII Y30pa 11 lIanOMunalOT nbIIIIIIYIO KOpOIlV
OpnrlInaJIbIlO BblrJIMT OKna, YKpallIeIlllble cIInY3TaMlI nTI1Q lUJII
)l(IIBOTllbIX. I-b.n;aBua B YKpallIeIlllu HaJIII'IlIlIKOB IlIlIpOKO 11('
nonb3YIOTc lIaKJIa.n:Ilble pee'IKlI, p01\16bI, KPY)!(OqKII, 3y6'IIIKII, npll
l\1eIleTC npOIlIlJIblla pe3b6a. COqeTaIllle n p OnllJIbIloH..pe3b6hl II
HaKnalJ;nbIX 3nel\1eIITOB C 06m:eii: XOpOIlIO npo.n;Yl\1aIlHOU cpOpMOIl
npll.n;aeT HaJIII'IHllKal\1 'Ipe3Bbl'Iaii:nyIO KpacOTY.
O.n:lloBpel\1eIlIlO C I1aJIU'IIIIIKaMII nOBJIeTC lleKop I1a cppOIl
TOIlax, KOTopble nOJIY'IUml pacnpoCTpaIleIlue Bl\1eCTO Tpa.n;1I1111
OIlIloro 6peBeIl'IaToro 3aKYTa. OCIIOBllOii, BII.n; .n;eKopa cppOlll1i
I10B - xy.n;O)l(eCTBeIllla YKJIalJ;Ka lIIeJIeBKII. ITpII CO'IeTaIllIIl BI'p
TUKaJIbIlOll II ropII30llTaJlbIlOH YKJIa.n;Ku nony'IaIOTC npOCThf(' II
' m:?= 
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J<paCIIBble Y30PbI B BlI.lI:e pa3JIH'IIIbIX reOl\leTpIlqeCKHX cpHryp _
1(fI,IJ(paToB, npl\1oyrOJIbIlUKOB. YKJIalJ;Ka lIIeJIeBKII I1allCKOCOK .n;aeT
l<pacnBblfl Y30P B eJIO'IKY.
HalI60JIee BbIpa3I1Te.'Ibllble II pa3no06pa3nble KOl\1II03lIQIlll C
nJJIIIQel\l-p03eTKoH 6bITYIOT na TYPoBm:lIl1e. P03eTKu naIlo.n;0611e
POj\lallIKlI CO'IeTaIOTC C 1I306pa)l(ellIm1\-1II nOJIy.n;lIcKa COJIIIQa. Bbl-
IH)JlIl panee ponb 06eperoB, cero.n;lI OIIlI CTaml npoCTo Tpa.n;II"
I[IIOIIIlbIM I\IOTlIBOI\1 B YKpallIemm cpPOHTOIlOB.
Cl>lIrypllO 06pa6aTbIBaJIlICb onopIIble CTOJI6lIKlI KpblJIeQ, al\16a-
pOU, BOpOT. CBoe06pa3no YKpallIaIOT BepaIl.n;bI B HeCBII)l(CKOI\I H
nJce.n;uux paiionax. CTOiiKlI nepenJIeTa 3.n;eCb cplIrypllO BbInllJIIlBa-
'liT, 11 01l1I nanOl\1lIIIaIOT 3K30TII'IeCKlIe n06ern C nllCTbl\lII If QBeTa-
1\111, BbIpaCTalom:lIl\lII 1I3 cpYII.n;aMeIlTa BepalI.ll:bI. Xy.n;O)l(eCTBeIllIbIH
.)(!>cpeKT YCIIJIlIBaeTC .n;eKopan1BIIOH I10JIlIXp0I\1I10H pacKpacKoH.
Bce 'IaH.\e CTeIlbI )l(UnbIX nOCTpoeK 0611I1IBaIOTcJ/ nOJIIIOCTbIO,
liT cpYIl.n;al\1ellTa .n;o KapIl1l3a. BepTIIKaJIbIlM YKJIa.n;Ka lIIaJIeBIU
'll'pe.n;yeTc C ropU30nTaJIbIIOH, p0I\16006pa3I1a - C YKJIa.n;KoH B
('nO'IKY 11 T..n;. IIpll CIIJIOllInoii: 06IlIlIBKe CTell rJIa.n;Kuii: yroJI CTa-
IIOBIlTC 063aTenbllbIM YKpallIenllel\1. CTblKII lIIaneBKII 110 yr-
11al\1 3aKpbIBaloTC .n;BYM BepTliKanbIIbll\lII .n;ocKaMlI, lIa KOTO-
phrx YKpenJIIOTC cpurypnbIe pe3I1ble naKJIa.n;KlI. ,ZJ:OCKII OCIIOBa-
IIIIJ! Il cpurypnblH Y30P oKpallIuBaloTc B KOIITpaCTnble QBeTa JIu60
OJIIIlIM QBeTOM pa3I1bIX OTTeIlKOB.
TaKul\1 o6pa301\1, Tpa.n;IIQlIOIIlIoe .n;epeBI1IlOe )!(IlJIum:e cOBpe-
I\ICllnOH .n;epeBIIII COCTaBneT QeJIbIH apxIlTeKTypno-xy.n;O)l(eCTBell-
IIhrii KOI\InneKC, r.n;e Bce, BKJIlO'Ia orpa.n;y, YKpallIeIIo pe3b60ii: U
pacKpacKoH B e.n;1II101\1 CTUJIe.
Oc06eIlIIOCTII 1I nplIlIQIlnbI napo.n;Horo apxuTeKrypIloro .n;eKopa
U() 1\1II0rlIX CBOllX 'IepTaX aHaJIOfII'IlIbI xapaKTepy YKpallIen BHYT-
pmllero 060py.n;OBaHIm )l(UJIIIIIIa, KaK lIeIl0.ll:BlI)!(IIbIX ero KOl\lIIOIlen-
lUll, TaK II Me6eJIII. 3TO BIIOJIIIe eCTecTBellno, TaK KaK pacnpocTpalIe-
11111' J(eKopa Il lIa I\Ie6eJIb, U lIa )l(uJIum:e I1pOIlCXOlJ;lIJIO o.n;noBpeMeu-
1111, npll'Iel\1 BbIlIonIlMII ero 3a'IacTYIO o,.'J;nu II Te )l(e MacTepa.
IIau60JIbllIUH unTepec .n;JI cero.n;I1IIIIIUX .n;1I3aiinepoB I1p e .n:-
I I aUJIeT, I1o)l(anyti, lIapo.n;naJ! l\Ie6eJIb, B YKpallieIllUl KOTOpOll
III pa;:nIJIOCb BJIlIRIIHe 3ana.n;lIoeBponeti:cKoro Pelleccallca.
---
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IG\X (E.M. CaXYTa. «Hapo.n;noe UCKYCCTBO II xy.n;O)1(eCTBenllbIe
IJpOl\lblCnbI EeJIOPYCCIIlI»).
f3 TaKOI\1 )1(e CTIme BbIIlOJIImJIIICb II cTynb. B TpaneQne06pa3-
!IIll' Cn.n:eIlbe, CY)J(eHllOe K CllInIKe, naKJIOIIIlO BCTaBnnIlCb 'IeTblpe
IIhICOKIIe I1pMbIe nO)I{KII, Ha Cn.n:eHbe YKpenJIII CnIlIlKY 113 1II1I-
!,OKOn .n;OCKII, cpllrypIlO BbllIIIneIlIlYIO naCKB03b I1nll .n;eKOpIlpOBan-
IIYIO Komypnoii: TpeXrpaHIIO-Bblel\1'IaTOH II .n;a)J(e peJIbecpnOH pe3b-
{ioi1 reOMeTpIl'IeCKoro n1l60 paCTlITeJIbnoro XapaKTepa (pIle. 196).
Pe3b60H YKpallIaJIlI CIlIIIIKII KpoBaTeH, C06paIlllbIe 113 1II1IpO-
I<lIX .n;OCOK II 6y.n;TO 'CneQ-flaJIbnO I1pe.n;I1a3I1a'IeIlllble .n;JI .n;eKOpa.
IlpaB.n;a, I1CIIOnb30BanaCb TOnbKO BbIIlIIJIOBKa 110 Kpal\1, O.n;IIaKO
II Olla 1I03BOJIJIa C03.n;aBaTb COOTBeTCTBYIOm:Uii: xy.n;O)1(eCTBeHIIbIH
.,<!)cpeKT. I13 06m:ero l\1aCCIlBa m:lITa-3aroToBKlI BbIIlIlJIIIBanIl .n;Be
IIO)l{KlI, 06bl'I1I0 1I30rnYTbIX KOIITYPOB, CnerKa 06pa6aTbIBaJIII 60-
IWBble CTOpOIlbl; 6apO'Inbll\1H 3aBHTKal\1I1 CIIIIIIKa I10.n;IIIIMaJIaCb
ullepx (pHe. 197).
.lVm BocIIpIlmIl TaKHX 1\10THBOB MaTepIlaJIbIlM KynbTypa
EenapycII I10.n;roToBlIna XOPOIlIYIO nO'IBY. H allpIll\1ep, xapaKTep-
I1a .n;M Peneccanca KOIlCTPYKQlI CTona na cKpernennblx 110)1(-
Kax 1I1\1eJIa B EenapycII CBOH ananor - CTOJI I1a K03JIaX, Tpa.n;I1-
QlIonIlbIH .n;n 6eJIOpyccKoro I1apo.n;Horo )1(I1.1I1Im:a, IInIl erne o.n:na
pa3HoBlI.n;nocTb CTOJIa (pIle. 195) - Ha .n;BYX n-06pa3nblx nO)J(-
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PUG. 196. CmYJ!
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PUG. 197. Kpoeamb
IllKacpbl 3aBepmanllcb xapaKTepllbII\1 cppOIlTOIl'IIIKOI\1 C BbIe!\l-
Koii: lIaBepxy II no Kpal\1. Hepe.n;Ko 3TlI BbIel\1KII 3anonllnllCb
.n;eKopaTlIBllbIMII TOKapIlbIl\1l1 BCTaBKal\1l1.
, «EOJIbIlIIIIICTBO BII.n;OB lIapo.n;I1oii: l\1e6eJIII YKpallIaJIOCh
06bI'I1I0 I1POIlIIJIOBKOH, xapaKTeplloH n .n;JI apXIlTeKTypIloro
.n;eKopa. ,ZJ:JI 6eJIOpyccKOH I1apo.n;lIoH l\1e6eJIII He xapaKTepna
IIlI cpallepOBKa, 1111 1II1KpYCTaQII, 1111 JIeBKaC, 1111 n030nOTa,
OTl\1e'IaJI E. M. CaXYTa. MaCTepa QemIJIlI eCTeCTBellHYIO Kpa
COTY .n;epeBa, ero QBeT II cpaKTYPY, l\1aCCIIBIIOCTb .n;OCKII.
EenOPYCCKM l\1e6eJIb npOCTa, l\1aCCIIBIIa, YCToii'IIIBa, COOTBC"
cTByeT TOI\1Y MaTepllany, KOTOpblJi IICnOJIb3yeTc .n;JI ee 113ro
TOBnemm.
.. =<::' 236 S- '
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PaOOTbI PYCCKHX pe3'1HKOB no lI:epeBY
Pe3b6a no .n;epeBY, O'ieBII.n;IIO, I1a'IaJIaCb KaK 1I Y 6eJIoPYc-
('ICTIX I\laCTepOB, C YKpallIeHlI .n;01\10B II npe.n;l\1eTOB 6bITa. BIIa-
'1.lJIe nOBlIJIIICb KOllbKlI I1a KpbllIIax, a 3aTel\1 I1pOCTeHlIIlle op-
II.IMeIlTbl I1a Kapll1l3ax, YKpallIemm lIanll'IIIIIKOB, BOpOT, KpbI-
'11"IKa. HeKoTopble 1I36bI npeBpam:aJIIICb B CnJIOIlIIIOH KpY)J(eB-
lIoii Y30P. 3.n;ecb 1I PycaJIKII, II nTIIQbI, 1I 3Bepll - Bce BbIIIOJI-
11('110 B CTlIJIe CBoero Bpel\1ellll, QeJIbIlO, C 60JIbllIIII\1 MacTep-
(' rnol\1 II BKYCOI\1.
B KIIlIre B. EnKIIlla «,ZJ:epeBo paCCKa3bIBaCT CKa3KIH> I10I\1em:e-
110 lIeCKonbKO cpoTOrpacpllH 3TOH III1TepeclloH OTpacnll TBOp'Ie-
I"IBa napo.n;lIblX pe3'IIIKOB, KOTOpYIO npHIITO na3bIBaTb «.n;OMO-
lIoii: pe3b60H».
KJIaCCII'IeCKlIe 06pa3QbI .n;ol\1oBoii: pe3b6bI OCTaBllnll BepXlle-
1I0JI)J(CKlIe pe3'IIIKlI1I3 .I:"OpbKOBCKOH 06JIaCTII. XapaKTepIIa oco-
(iPlllloCTb pa60T BepXlleBon)J(CKIIX l\1aCTepOB - e.n;III1CTBO apxII-
I'CKTypbI C YKpallIemml\1I1 .n;ol\1a. YKpallIemm .n;OIlOJIIIIOT 1I nOlJ;-
'1('pKlIBaIOT apxlITeKTypIIble cpOpMbI .n;Ol\1a, CJIO)l{IIBIIIIIeC em:e B
l!>CllIIIIe BpeMeIla J.I coxpallllBlIIlIec .n;o ClIX 1I0p.
Ka)!(.n;a 'IaCTb lJ;OMa IIMeeT CBoe na3BaIllle - JI060Bbie .n;OCKII,
IIO.n;30pbl, cpPU3bI, nplI'IanIIIIbI, cppOIITOllbI, CBeTJIH'IIIble oKlla,
1I.111H'IIIIIKII OKOH, KpbIJIe'IKII, BopoTa, KanllTKlI. Bce OIIII 60raTO
) KpallIaJIlICb pe3b60ii:.
0.n;1I0 1I3 'Iy.n;eCIIblx TBopeIIIIH c03.n;aIlo B KOIIQe XIX BeKa 110
IIpoeKry xy.n;O)!(IIlIKa C.B. MaJIIonma B ceJIe TaJIallIKIIIIO C1\10-
IH'IICKOH 06JIaCTlI (puc. 198). 0110 II B cal\lOl\1 .n;eJIe noxo)!(e ua
rIGI30'IIIbIH Tepel\lOK, a Tenepb CTaJIO MY3eel\1. 3TO npocTopIIa
Ily{)neHM u36a C KUpnll'IlIbIM OCIIOBaIlllel\1. OIIa 60raTo YKpamella
1'1'.11>6011, oco6eIlIlo .paca.n;, KpblJIe'IKO 1I OKlla. B pe3b6e yra,a,blBa-
IIII'CJ! paCTemm, cpurYPbl nTUQ, )J(IIBOTIIbIX; 3aBepllIaeT KOI\1II03H-
111110 Tpa.n;UQIIOIlIIbIH 3JIeMeIIT cpaIlTaCTII'IeCKoro Y30pa - conIlQe.
ranamKIIHo lIapaBlle C A6paMQeBoM 6blJIO O.ll:IIIII\1 U3 KPYIlIIeii-
IIIIIX xy.n;o)J(ccTBeIIIlbIx QeIlTpoB KOIIQa XIX BeKa, r.n;e U3BeCTIlbIe
PycCKue xy.n;O)!(HIIKlI M.A. Bpy6eJIb, C.B. MaJIIoTlIII, E.,ZJ:. I1oJIe-
II II lIa , H.K. PepI1x, 11.51. EIUm6nH II .n;pYfIIe C 60nbllIuI\1 ycnexoM
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no l\1eTaJIJIY. MIIorHe Y'IeIlIIKH 3THX l\1aCTepCKIIX CTaJIH BnOCJIC,(
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UIIK pHCOBaJI Y30P, 'IT06bI 1I0CTpOlITb ero Ha pa3JIlI'IUblX .n;eT:t
JIX rapIIluypa, 3aTel\1 B uaTypaJIbuYlo BenH'IIIIIY - Cal\1H .n;eT:t
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m:I1ll BIIJi rapIlllTypa nepe.n;aBaJIlI B l\1aCTepcKYIO H TaM Y)I{e plley
1I0K BbIIlOJIUJIII B .n;epeBe (pHC. 199-200.
B A6pal\1QeBe )!(HJI H3BecTIIbIH Xy.n;O)!(I1III< A.I1. BacueQoB. ()II
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upe.n;l\1eTOB 6bITa U3 .n;epeBa.
Pe3b6a IIIKacp'IIIKa (pIlC. 203) BblIlOJInena cnOC0601\1 nnOCKO-
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TlITb BO 1\1110nlX MY3ex POCCIIII.
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TOJIbKO BblCOKlIl\1 MaCTepcTBoM pe31.JIIKOB, 110 II y.n;IIBJ1IOT orpOl\I
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Tpy.n;a. B 'IaCTHOCTII, IIIBelIKa noxo)l{a I1a 1\1O.n;eJIb naMmlllIKa,
lIaCTOJIbKO I\IOIIyl\IeIlTaJIblla II KpaCllBa ee <popMa (puc. 204).
A p.n;OM co IIIBeiiKOn - CTapIIIlIIa npJIKa. KaKa TOIlKOt'1 h
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II pxa 3aKpenJIJIa Ky.n;eJIb)! Pe3b6a BbIIIOJIneIla 1I3 QeJIoro KYC-
I,a .n;epeBa II lIe I\IO)!(eT lIe Bbl3BaTb BOCXlIm:ellll 3pllTen
(pIIC. 205).
TOJIbKO B Cal\1ble nOCJIe.n;lIl1e ro.n;bl I\1bllla'IaJIlI nOIIIll\1aTb, KaK
lIa)!(1I0, 'lT06bl opymIR Tpy:.a 6bIJIII KpaClIBbI. 3TO no.n;IIlIl\laeT
11(' TOJIbKO I1aCTpOeIllle pa60TalOm:ero, 110 H npOH3Bo.n;UTeJIbIlOCTb
I'ro Tpy.n;a.
Jho.n;u ,Z:{peBlIeM pyclI npocTO ne I\lOrnIl 06XO.n;IITbC 6e3 KpaCII-
IIhlX Bem:eH. BOT Ba.lIeK (pue. 206), KOTOpbIl\I nOJIb30BanllCb npu
(" IlIpKe 6eJIb. TaKIII\1 BaJIbKOI\1 nplrnTIIO pa6OTaTb. C KaKIIM BKY-
I'OM BbIIIOJIUeIl PIlCYlIOK lIa Ba.lIbKe! 011 TaK TOIlKO 06pa60Tall pe3b-
('oii, KaK 6y.n;TO 3TO Kpy)!(eBa. lllBeHKa II BaneK - opy.n;lI ;:\OI\IaIlI-
l!I'm Tpy.n;a, npOCThIe npe.n;leTbI .n;Ol\1allIIIero o6I1xo.n;a. TOII'Iaii.IIIen
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C BbI.n;YI\1KOii c.n;eJIaIIbI pbI6KlI, KOIlII, YTO'-lKa!
I1 Tenepb, npo.n;oJI)I{a Tpa.n;lIQIIII cTaplllIbI, pa60TaIOT Pyc-
CKlIe l\1aCTepa pe3b6bI no .n;epeBY.
COJIOIIKY (cnpaBa lIa pHe. 207) xy.n;O)!(III1K 1O.r. 3y611JIIIII c.n;c-
JIaJI II3 UJIbl\Ia. I1JIbN - nopo.n;a .n;epeBa, 0lJ;1I0TllmIa C B301\1.
3aroToBKa .n;JI conOIIKII BblTO'-lella I1a TOKapnOl\1 CTaIlKe. K conull
Ke npllKpenJIeIl m:lITOK .n;JI5I nepellocKu II nO.ll:BeCKII ee I1a CTelle.
Xy.n;O)!(IIHK YKpaCIIJI COJIOIIKY O'-lellb npOCTbII\1, 1I0 y.n;IIBIITenh
1I0 KpaCIIBbII\1 OPHal\1eIlTOI\I' a 3aTel\1 I1eCKOJIbKO pa3 nOKpbIJI II:!
PY)l{HYIO nOBepxIIocTb l\1aCJIlIblM JIaKOI\1. (3an0I\1IIllTe: BIIYTPl'1I
IIl010 nOBepXIIOCTh COJIOIlKII lIeJIb3 nOKpbIBaTb IIII I\lOpHJIKOii.
lIlI JIaKoM.)
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TO:>Ke 06pa60TalIo lIa TOKapIlOI\1 CTalIKe, a 3aTel\1 YKpallIeIlo pl'.II.
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rro.n;CTaBKY «,Z:{eKopaTopbI (pIfC. 209). I13m:I1M, I1JIaCTII'IIIM, 011:1
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cTBennoiI Bblpa311'IeJIbnOCTII. IIocMoTpnTe, KaK KpaClIBbI KOIIII,
KaK rop.n; I1BaIlYIIIKa, KaK nOKopIIO ne)l{I1T Y ero nor npe.n;annblii
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B ;lte.l1hU KO;7bla 3G6U1I20ii,
X60crn cmpyurncR 30.l1omoii...
IIoMnIITe, KaK Qapb KynllJI Y I1Bana 3Tnx KpaCaBQeB-KOlleii, no
QapCKlle KOIIIOXII ne CMornu caMU YBeCTII nx B QapCKIIe KOIlIOIlUIII?
C Tex nop KaK EpllIOB IIanUCaJI CKa3KY «KoneK-fop6ynOK!>,
no ee CIO)!(eTY xy.n;O)!(I1I1KaMlI 6bIJIO napHCOBaIlO 1\1II0)!(eC'IBO un-
JIIOCTpaQHii, CnTbJ KIIIIOcpIIJIbl\lbI, I1anHCanbI pa.n;uocQenapnH II
.n;a)l{e 6aneT.
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PUG. 211. «if 6all lla 6a3ape»
----
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PUG. 212. «IIoa ayaKY Healla>.>
A na pHC. 212
M noo 71eClllO oypaKa
KOll11 nJlRwym mpenaKa;
A lWllCK ew Wp6G11IKO
T GK II ;70J<lUmCR 6npllcRoKY.
B CKa3Ke 0 «CIIBKe-6ypKe!> roBopnTc, KaK 3aapKaIIIIn I1Ba-
"YIlIKa-.n;ypa'iOK pa3IIOllIepCTIIOro KOirn (pIIC. 213), 'ITO Xo.n;UJI
"0 I10'IaM lIX I1l1IeIlIIQ)' TonTaTb. PBaIlY nc KOIlb I130 Bcex CIIJI _
110 ne TYT-TO 6bIJIO!
Ka)l{.n;oe IIOBoe rrOKOJIeIIlle pe3'IHKOB BIIOCIIT 'ITO-TO CBoe B
TpaKTOBKY 06pa3a. OlJ;naKo Bce 60ropo.n;CKlIe pe3'IllKII 6epe)l{IIO
("oxpaHIoT Tpa.n;uQIIOIIIIbIe YCJIOBIIOCTlI B 1I306pa)l{eIllIII JIIo.n;eii,
)KIIBOTllbIX II pacTeIllIiI. II03Tol\1Y IICKYCCTBO MaCTepoB pa3BIIBa-
CTC, KpeIllIeT II Bcer.n;a IIMeeT ycnex y lIapo.n;a.
<DlIrypKII I1a plIC. 214 - nepCOIla)!(I1 nYIlIKllllcKOH «CKa3KII
() pbI6aKe II pbI6Ke. BbIpe3aJI IIX MaCTep 60ropO.n;CKOH pe3b6bI
II.E. JIeBIIII. IIOCMoTpllTe, CKOJIbKO 3nOCTII B )!(eCTe )!(a.n;lIoii: CTa-
PYXII II CKOJIbKO y.n;IIBJIemm, P060CTII B cplIrype CTapllKa: Horn
lIo.n;orllY nlICb, rOJIOBa .n;P0)l{IIT...
---
' <'249' ,
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He YMe.11 rnbt e3Rmb 6btKyna c pbt6KU!
Xornb 6bt e3RJt C llee KOpbtrno,
H awe-rno coeceM pacKo./10./10Gb.
fOJIOBa cTapIIKa .n;ellcTBlITeJIbHO .n;PO)!(IIT, TaK KaK l\1aCTep
YKpemm ee IIa npY)!(IIIIKe, cnpTaIlIIo.ii B TYJIOBIIm:e cpnrYPbl.
TaKa, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, He3IIa1.JIITeJIbIIM .n;eTaJIb I10Ka3bIBaeT OTlIO-
mellne l\1aCTepa K CBOIII\1 no.n;eJIKaM - CTpel\1JIeIIIIe .n;OCTII'Ib npaB-
,1 I1B OCTlI, npo1l3BecTII IIalI60JIbllIee Bne1.JaTJIeIIUe IIa 3pIlTeJI.
Bblpa3IITeJIbIIa cKYJIbnTyplIa MIIIIlIaTIOpa no MOTIIBal\I «CKa3-
KII 0 none II pa60TIIIIKe ero EaJI.n;e!> (pIIC. 215). Xy.n;O)!(IIIIK H.E.
.1eBIIII 1I306pa3IIJI TOT 1II0l\IeIIT CKa3KII, Kor.n;a
...non, 3aeUOR Ea./1oy, eCKaKueaern,
3a nonaOb1O npRtLernCR,
Co cmpaxy KOpRtLUrnCR.
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Puc. 213. «Cu6'Ka-6ypKa»
.<". ...
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Puc. 214. «C'Ka3Ka 0 pbt6aKe U pbl6Ke»
Puc. 215. «[Jon U oaltaa»
.-....
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. =<:::, 251 - ,
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EaJ70a ezo mym ornblC1WJl,
OmoaJl 06POK, nJtarnbl rnpe60earnb crna.l1.
EeOllblU non
n oocrnaeu.11 J706...
3al\1eTIIO pa3JIII'IlIe .n;BYX cpnryp: MorY'Ia5l, YBepenna cpurypa
EaJI.n;bI C orpOMHbIMn pYKaMH 11 )!(aJIKa. YIIlI)l{ennM, TpYCJIU-
Ba cpllrypa Ilona, )I{.n:ym:ero rp03IIOH paCnnaTbI.
I1.K. CryJIOB II306pa3I1JI II cQeny 1I3 I1YIlIKIIIICKOH CKa3KH 0
30JIOTOM neTYIlIKe (pIlC. 216), B KOTOpoii 3Be3.n;0'IeT .n;apIIT Qaplo
.lJ:a.n:ony neryllIKa, B03Bem:alOm:ero 06 onaCIIOCTII, yrpo)l{alom:ell
rpanllQaM QapCTBa. C Tex nop .lJ:a.n:oIl cnan cnoKoiino, a I1ery-
IIIOK BpeM OT Bpel\lenll
ill eeeJlbllemCR, ecrnpenellernCR,
K mou CmOpOllKe o6epllemCR
H KpUtLUrn -«KUPU-KY-KY!
Il.apcmeyu, JleJKa lla 60KY!»
-....-.,..;
Ca.n;KO (pllC. 217) - pa60Ta
l"KYJIbIITOpa .lJ:.c. fopIlIKoBa, 11306pa-
)!(aeT repo 6bIJIHlIbI, nOBropo.n;CKoro
Iypa. MOpcKOH Qapb, BOCxum:eIlIlbIll
em urpoii na ryCJIHX, B03Bpam:aeT 1II0-
JIo.n;Qa .n;OI\IOH B HOBmpo.n; co BceMU ero
Kopa6JIHMU II .n;06PbIMII TOBapIlm:aMH.
TO'Ienble cplIrypKII O'Ienb nonYJIp-
I1bI II B EenapycII, II B POCCIIII, BJI-
10TC caMbIM JII06HMbIM cYBeIlHpollI
(pile. 218). 06pa6aTbIBaloTc 3aro-
TOBKU na TOKapnoM CTanKe. 06pa60T-
Ka .n;epeBa 3TIIlII cnoc060M .n;OCTlIrJIa
BbICOKOro cOBepllIencTBa II nOJIyqIIJIa
IIIlIpOKOe pacnpocTpanenlIe.
Pa60Ta l\1aCTepa I1.K. CTYJIOBa
(pIIC. 219) - IIJIJIIOCTpaQII K 6ac-
lIe I1.A. KpbIJIOBa Tpy.n;om06I1BbIii
l\1e.n;Be.n;b. B 6acIIe Me.n;Be.n;b lIlJ;eT K
I\IY)l{IIKY:
PUG. 217. CaaKO»
" '.-'
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f ;1... " " ,
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PUG. 216. <,:C,w3Ka 0 30JlOmO.ftt nemyzuKe»
PUG. 218. Tpu Mea6ea.JI u Maruellblca»
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PUC. 219. <<TpyaoJl106u6bIU Mea6eab>.>
H weopum: Cocea, 'lmo 3a npu'lulla 3ma?
!l.epeebR maK U R .110Mamb MOZY,
A lle COl1ly.11 llU Oa1l0W e ayzy.
CKa)f(U, e 'leJot ecmb mym Z.l1ae1l0e YMellbe? $>.
-(lB mOJot, - OTBe'-laJI coce.n;. - 'lClO e me6e, KYJot, eoece llem:
e mepnellbe$>.
BOT II B pe3b6e npe)l{.n;e Bcero ne06xoHl\10 Tepnemre. Ha-
Y'-lllTbC rrpocTo pe3aTb .n;epeBo lIe Tpy.n;1I0, a BOT 3aCTaBlITb .n;epe-
BO -(lrOBOpIITb$>, naY'IIITbC pe3aTb, BbmBnH 1I306pa)l{aeMOe, -
3TO Y:>Ke l\1aCTepCTBO!
KTO lIe 3I1aeT CTIIXOTBopellIle HeKpaCOBa -(lfellepaJI Ton-
Tblfllll$> ?
Cee'lepeJUJ. !l.P0)f(b e lWllRX,
CmY)f(a 3/lee lla lW'lb;
----.
______________ =C" 254  r
-.
3aeopO'laJtCR e CallRX
M uxaimo H eallbt'l.
KOllu aepllYJtu; cmpRcJtacb
Tym 6eoa 60JtbwaR -
PReKllYJ7 MuwKa! - IIollecJtacb
TpoiiKa KaK wa.l1bllaR!
H:I1. MaKcIIMoB BbIpe3an 3TY rpynny (pIle. 220) O'iellb Bbl-
pa3I1TeJIbIlo. T onTblrlIII pbl'IIIT, a TpolIKa lII'-IIITC 6blcTpee BeTpa.
KTO 6bI IIII YBII.n;eJI 3ry cKYJIbnTypKY, Y Bcex olla Bbl3bIBaeT y.n;IIB-
JIelllle: KaK 1II0)l{eT MepTBoe, I1eno.n;BII)!(1I0e .n;epeBo nepe.n;aTb Ta-
Koe cTpeMIITen:bIloe .n;BII)I{elllle? B TOM-TO 1I .n;eJIO, '-ITO .n;epeBo ne
MepTBoe. 0110 1II0)l{eT paccKa3bIBaTb CKa3KII na 3bIKe, nonT-
110M m0601\1Y 'IeJIOBeKY!
I1rpYIIIKa -(lKapyceJIb$> (pile. 221) BbIIlOJIIIeIla MaCTepOM LtC.
fOpIlIKOBbIM. I1rpYIlIKa YCTpoena TaK: lIa 6apa6aIl'IIIK naMaTbl-
BaeTC IIIIIYPOK: .n;epIlellIb 3a IIIlIypOK - KapyceJIb BepTIITC,
MHIIIKII KaTaIOTC, no II neMIIO)l{KO n06aIIBaIOTC.
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PUG. 220. «TeuepaJl TonmbllUlh>
----.
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PUG. 221. .KapYGeJlb
IIOCMoTpIITe na .n;06PO.n;YIlIIIbIX II CMelliUbIX MIIIlIeK-60KcepoB
(pllC. 222). OUII - XOpOllIlIH no.n;apOK .n;eTM, uo XOpOIlIII 1I .n;JI
B3pOCJIbIX KOJIJIeKQllonepOB - JII0611TeJIeii .n;epeBIIIIoii pe3b6bI.
B KOnJIeKQIIII OIIII 3aHMYT no.n;06alOm:ee 11M Mec'rO.
KOllIn0311QlI «KY3neQbI!> (PI1c. 223) Hl\1eeT MnO)!(eCTBO Bapn-
aIlTOB. To MlIlIIKa y.n;apllT 1\1OJIOTKOI\1 II CMOTplIT ua .n;e.n;a, TO .n;e.n;
{
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c:-,.---... 
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PUG. 223. .KY31leu,bll>
y.n;apIIT II CMOTpllT Ha 1\1I111IKY. KmK.n;bIH MacTep BnOClIT 'ITO-TO
CBoe B Tpa.n;nQnOIUlYIO TpaKTOBKY.
PaCCMOTpeB pa60TbI .n;pyrnx pe3'IIIKOB nrpYllIeK, na'IlInalOm:e-
MY pe3'IIIKY no .n;epeBY ny)!(no npe)l{.D:e Bcero YCBOI1Tb neCKOJIbKO
IIeCnO)l{nbIX npaBIIJI, C06JIIo.n;enlIe KOTOpbIX nOI\IO)!(eT B OBJIa.n;e-
/JIIII pe3b60H.
IIepBoe npaBIIJIO. .lIJI pe3b6bl no .n;epeBY na.n;o IIMeTb UIICT-
pYMenT OTnII'IIIoro Ka'IeCTBa. I1ncTpYl\1enT lIe .n:OJI)!(eIl 6bITb npe-
IITCTBnellI B pa60Te. Ou .n;OJI)I{en 6bITb 1I3 XOpOllieH CTaJIH, JIer-
,mM II y.n;06nbIlII. C caMbIX I1epBbIX IlIaroB na.n;o pa60TaTb C npo-
lpeCCIIOIla.'lbIlbIM IInCTpYMeIITOM.
BTopoe npaBIIJIo. I1nCTpYMeIIT .n;OJI)I{en 6bITb Bcer.n;a B pa60-
I 'CM COCTOHIIIIH. HO)l{ II CTal\1eCKY ne06xo.n;III\IO OT JIWIIIO naTO-
'JI[Tb (cB060.n;I10 6plITb na pYKe cyxoii BO:nOc) , 'IT06bI .n;epeBO
pe3anOCb KaK MaCJIo.
TpeTbe npaBIIJIo. qTO 6bI nIl BbIpe3aJIII, pe3aTb nO)!(OM ny)!(-
110 «OT ce6i, T.e. ne 110 UanpaBJIemno K pYKe, KOTOpoii .n;ep)l{II-
Tl' H3.n;enne.
--.
' =<E"" 257- ,
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qernepToe IIpaBlIJIO. He pa36paCbIBaiITe IIIIcTpYMeIlT 11 MaTe-
pllaJI IIO CTony, 3a KOTOpbII\1 pa60TaeTe. Ka)!(.n;a Bem:b .n;OJI)I{lIa 
IIMeTb CBoe 1I0CTOHIIIIoe MeCTO, 'IT06bI pYKa IIpIlBbI'IIIO, Mexallll-
'IecKII 6paJIa ee II y6I1paJIa 06paTIIO.
A Tenepb paCCKa)l{eM 0 TaKIIX MacTepax, KOTopbIe .n;OCTlIrJIII
BbICOKOro ypOBlIH B IICKyccTBe pe3b6bI, 0 I\laCTepax, OTOpbIMII
I1eJIb3 lie BOCXIIlI!aTbC.
CKY JIbnTypHble nOpTpeTbI
CKYJIbIIrypIlbIH nopTpeT (I1a pllC. 224) BbIIlonlleIl Bbr.n:aIOm:III\1-
C cKynbnTOpOl\I A.C. fOJIy6KIIIIOH. C 3aMe1.JaTenblIblM CXO.n;CTBOM
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'leCKa cocpe.n;OTO'IeIlIlOCTb. KOMII03HTOp BeCb BO BJIaCTII !\lOeit
I\1Y3bIKIL
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nO.'Ib30BaIlIle cpaKrypbI .n;epeBa, MaCTepcTBo IICnOJIIIeIlIl51 OTJIII'Ia-
lOT 3TY pa6OTY.
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)l{aTb 3TO .n;eJIO, BbI .n;OJI)I{HbI 6y.n;eTe nOCTO1II1O Y'IIITbC 3TOMY
I1CKYCCTBY. CTapaiiTecb 60JIbille pllCOBan, lIa6JIIo.n;aTb oKpy)!(a-
IOm:ee. ITocTynlITe B cneQI1aJIbUYIO IIIKOJIY I1JIH B KPY)I{OK CKYJIbn-
TypbI JIu60 .n;eKOpaTIIBIIoro lICKyccTBa. He TepnTe mITepeca K
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Ke II 6aJIeTY. 3m BII.n;bl IICKYCCTBa pa30BbIOT Bailly cpaUTa3I1IO,
nOMoryT Bal\1 npll BbI60pe 06pa3a, Tel\1bl c06CTBellIIoro npOll3Be-
.n;ellll, no.n;CKa)l{YT IIOBble TeXIIII'IeCKI1e cnoc06b1 pe3b6b1.
MeUbllIe no.n;pa)l{anTe .n;pyrIlM! Ha nepBbIX CTammx 06Y'Ie-
111m 3TO lIeooxo.n;1I1\1O .n;JI cOBepllIeHcTBoBaIlll TeXlIIlKII lIcnOJI-
IIeIlIHI, no II olla B KOIIQe KOIlQOB lJ;OJI)I{IIa 6bITb 1I1I.n;IIB11.n;yaJIb-
IIoii, onpe.n;eJITb BallI nO'IepK II CTIIJIb.
I1CKYCCTBO COCTOIIT lie B TO'IIIOM no.n;pa)l{aIllIll npnpo.n;e, a B
nOIlCKax 6JIaropOlJ;IIbIX CPOPM, nepe.n;aIom:IIX CMbICJI nplIpo.n;bI,
nOIlTllbIX BceM JIIo.n;I\1. I1l1IeIIIIO 3TH cpOpMbI, IIaii.n;eIlIlble Bal\I1I
B TBOp'IeCKIIX IICKamHlX, Bbl30BYT TpeneT B cep.n;Qax JIIo.n:eH, TOT
Cal\1blH 'TpneT, KOTOpblH IICnbITblBaeTe BbI npII C03epuaIlIIU Kpa-
COTbI npIlpo.n;bI.
Pa60TalITe, Y'IIlTeCb, He ycnoKalIBaHTeCb I1a .n;OCTllrnYTOM! Bac
)I{.n;YT OrpOl\lIIble pa.n;OCTII TBOp'IeCTBa II 6eCKOIle'IIIOe y.n;nBJIelllle
KpacOToii: 'IeJIOBeKa II npIlpo.n;bI.
A6poCWlOea .A.A., Kama1l H.M., MUnl.1l5l1lC7WR T. E. Xy.n;o)l{e-
CTBeIlIl pe36a no .n;epeBY, KOCTH II pory. - M.: BbICIll. IllK., 1978.
EaCaJlblZO B. C. EeJIOPYCCKIIll cYBeIlIlp. - MIl.: EeJIapycb, 1976.
uEYP'Koe B.F., BJlacoe B.B. .n:OI\IOB pe3b6a. - M.: EBpa-
3IUICKIIII perlIOIl.
Fycap'lY'K 1l..M. 300 OTBeTOB JII06I1TeJIIO xy.n;O)l{eCTBeIlIlblx
pa60T no .n;epeBY. - M.: JIecII. npOl\I-CTb, 1985.
EJl'Ku1l B. .n:epeBo paCCKa3bIBaeT CKa3KJI. -_ M.: IIpocBem:e-
IIlIe, 1978.
JIeo1loea A.K. Hapo.n;I1a .n;epeBI1I1a cKYJIbnrypa EeJIopyc-
cnn. - MIl.: HaYKa II TexnifKa, 1977.
JIY'Ka1lc'Kuu a.II. IIepBbIH Illar B TBOp'IeCTBe. - MIl.: IIOJIbI-
M, 1985.
Ma'Kapoe A.M. IIJIacnlKa npupo.n;I1bIX cpopl\1. - MIl.: EeJIa-
PYCb, 1988.
Mam6ee6a T.M. Y6paIlcTBo PYCCKIIX Kopa6JIeii. - JI.: Cy-
(OCTpOCIIIIe, 1979.
lloeOCeJl06 10.A. HIITCPbCp BaIllero lJ;Ol\la. - M.: EBpa3HH-
nmii penroll, 199'>.
(:(/(fi!m//f'1I1:o U. {If. IhopaJl )l{I1.Ulb l-lapeBa. - MIl.: IIOJIbIl\ffi, 1990.
((/')'Y1l/u I:.M. llapo;-lIloc IICKYCCTBO H xy.n;O)J(eCTBeIlIlble npo-
Mr.'CJIbI 5CJIOPYCCHIL - MIl.: IIoJIbIl\1, 1982.
C060Jle6 H.H. PYCCKHll OpIlal\leIIT. - M.: foc. apXlIT. I13.n;-
110, 1948.
cDeoornoe 1. BOJIIIIe6I1bIM: Mllp .n;epeBa. - M.: TIpoCBem:eIJlle, 1987.
f!'K06Jleea K. 1.Jy.n;o qy.n;noe, ,l(I1BO .lI:I1BIJoe. - M.: MOJIo.n;a
IlIap.n;lI, 1984.
 ,
----
,=C"'" 267-,
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Co.n;ep)KaHHe
BBe.n:eIIlIe ... . ... ............... ....... ... ... .......... .......... ..... . ... 3
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13
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15
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17
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e.::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
24
JIuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..
26
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E:.: :::::::: -::-:-:::::: :::::::::::- ::-:::::::::: ::::::::::::
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I1HcTpYMeHTbl M o6opy.n:oBauMe
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r JIyxa peJIbeqma pe3b6a ...................................... 126
CKY}IbIITYPIla pe3b6a............................................ 131
HeKoTopbIe 06m:I1e npueMbI pe3b6b1 .......................... 142
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