ЛУЧШИЕ
МАТЕРИАЛЫ,
ОПУБЛИКОВАННЫЕ
В ЖУРНАЛЕ
"SPEAK OUT"
(Contents
© Издательство «ГЛОССА-ПРЕСС»
Главный редактор
И. Цветкова
Редакционная коллегия:
Н. Юрьппева
Т. Булановская
И. Ланге
Н. Мыльце ва
М. Топорова
М. Гарибян
Дж. Касл
Зав. редакцией
С. Асадчев
Редактор
Н. Уварова
Художники
И. Белов, Д. Дорохов, И. Савченко в
Корректор
Л. Кудрявцева
Подготовка макета
В. Ковалевский
Адрес редакции:
123557, Москва,
ул. Пресненский Вал, д. 19. офис 108
Тел. (095) 737-64-37/38
e-mail: book@glcssa.ru
e-mail: mag@speakout.ru
Представительство в С-Петербурге:
ул. Шпалерная, д. 24
тел./факс: (812) 303-91-11
Семенычева Елена
Представительство в Красноярске:
тел.: (3912) 23-18-08, e-mail: elk@pine.krs.ru
Лушков Александр
ISBN 5-7651-0102-Х
Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ
№013977 от 28.07.95 г.
Подписной индекс 34290
в каталоге Федеральной службы
почтовой связи Российской Федерации
Подписной индекс 79691
в каталоге «Газеты. Журналы»
Агентства « РОС П ЕЧАТЬ»
Отпечатано в типотрафии
ГУП “ИПК “Московская Правда”
101990 Москва, Потаповский пер., д. 3
Заказ ООО. Тираж 10 000 экз.
Цена — договорная
The future of English ....................................2
Global English quiz.......................................6
English is a crazy language...............................8
Crazy English puzzle.....................................10
Double trouble...........................................12
Terrible tongue twisters ................................14
Helpful hints from famous people.........................16
A bit of grammar.........................................18
Food for thought.........................................20
Can we stop the bullies? ................................36
Home, sweet home.........................................22
Looking cool ............................................24
What a lot of ‘ologies’..................................25
Crossword puzzle ........................................26
People who became words..................................27
The language of computers................................28
WAN 2 TLK? SO WOT R U W8TING 4? .........................30
Crazy English adjectives.................................34
Are you an experienced traveller? .......................36
Do you enjoy feeling scared? ............................38
Crazy antonyms ..........................................40
The language of love.....................................42
The world of sport.......................................44
The language of crime....................................46
Too many cooks spoil the broth...........................48
On punctuation...........................................49
Kidnappers’ letter.......................................49
American English VS British English......................50
American English quiz....................................53
Murder mystery ..........................................54
Rainy day games..........................................57
Going round the world ...................................58
Answers..................................................60
1
THE FUTURE
Have you ever wondered how many peo-
ple there are who speak English? It’s quite a
number! The exact figure is impossible to
tell, but it is around 400 million people.
Geographically, English is the most wide-
spread language on earth, and it is second
only to Chinese in the number of people
who speak it. It is spoken in the British
Isles, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and
much of Canada and South Africa.
English is also a second language of
another 300 million people living in more
than 60 countries.
If you add to this the enormous number
of people who learn to understand and
speak English (like yourself), you will realise
that English is indeed a ‘world language’.
Did you know?
•	About 5,000 languages and dialects are still
spoken in the world today. About 845 come
from India.
•	After English and Chinese, the next com-
monly spoken language is Spanish.
•	Sixty-five different alphabets are used in the
world today.
•	The language with most letters is
Cambodian. It has 72 letters!
•	The language with the most vowels is
Sedang, a Vietnamese language, with 55
vowel sounds.
•	The language with the least vowels is
Abkhazian. It has only 2 vowel sounds!
•	Chippewa, the North American Indian lan-
guage of Minnesota, has 6,000 verb forms!
•	No language is known without the vowel a.
exact figure [ig,zaekt 'figs] точная цифра
Chinese [tfai'ni:z] китайский язык
widespread ['waidspred] широко распространенный
enormous [i'no:mas] громадный, огромный
dialect ['daielekt] диалект, наречие
Cambodian [kasm'baudian] камбоджийский язык
Sedang [si'da:g] седанг
Vietnamese [,vjetna'mi:z] вьетнамский язык
vowel ["vaiiol] гласный звук
Abkhazian [ab'keizisn] абхазский язык
Chippewa [ tjipiwa:] чипевьян
Minnesota [,mmi'sauts] Миннесота
event [I'ventj событие
throughout [0ru:'aut] the world по всему миру
Eskimo [ eskimau] эскимос
aborigine [.aeba'ndgini] абориген, коренной житель
2
OF ENGLISH
How it all began
In Shakespeare’s time only a few million
people spoke English. All of them lived in
what is now Great Britain. Through the
centuries, as a result of various historical
events, English spread throughout the world.
Five hundred years ago they didn’t speak
English in North America: the American
Indians had their own languages. So did the
Eskimos in Canada, the aborigines in
Australia, and the Maoris in New Zealand.
The English arrived and set up their
colonies...
Today, English is represented in every
continent and in the three main oceans —
the Atlantic, the Indian and the Pacific.
Insatiable borrower
English is mixing with and marrying
other languages around the world. It is
probably the most insatiable borrower.
Words newly coined or in vogue in one lan-
guage are very often added to English as
well. There are words from 120 languages in
its vocabulary, including Arabic, French,
German, Greek, Italian, Russian, and
Spanish.
Russian words in English
balalaika
bistro
bliny
cosmonaut
dacha
intelligentsia
steppe
taiga
perestroyka
tsar
tundra
pogrom
rouble
samovar
sputnik
duma
troika
vodka
Maori ['maun] маори
to set up основать
to be represented [jepn'zentid] быть представленным
insatiable [in seijebl] жадный, ненасытный
to borrow j'boreu] заимствовать
to coin [koin] создавать (новые слова}
to be in vogue [veug] быть в моде
Arabic [ serebik] арабский язык
Some facts about English
•	There were only 30,000 words in Old
English. Modem English has the largest
vocabulary in the world — more than
600,000 words.
•	There are about 60,000 words in com-
mon use.
•	About 450-500 words are added to the
English vocabulary every year.
•	70 per cent of the English vocabulary
are loan words and only 30 per cent of
the words are native.
•	The most frequently used words in writ-
ten English are: the, of, and, to, a, in,
that, is, I, it, for and as.
•	The most frequently used word in con-
versation is I.
•	The longest word in the English lan-
guage is pneumonoultamicroscopicsilico-
volcanoconiosis (a lung disease), with 45
letters.
•	The longest words in common use are
disproportionableness and incomprehensi-
bilities (21 letters).
•	The commonest letter is ‘e’. More words
begin with the letter ‘s’ than any other.
•	The most overworked word in English is
the word set. It has 126 verbal uses and
58 noun uses.
•	The newest letters added to the English
alphabet are ‘j’ and V, which are of
post-Shakespearean use.
•	The largest English-language dictionary
is the 20-volume Oxford English
Dictionary, with 21,728 pages.
•	The commonest English name is Smith.
There are about 800,000 people called
Smith in England and Wales, and about
1,700,000 in the USA.
loan [Isun] заимствованный
frequently ['frkkwanth] часто
a lung disease [Jaij di'zi:z] заболевание легких
disproportionableness Ldispra'pccfanoblonis]
несоразмеримость
incomprehensibilities [inzkomprihensobihtiz] непонятности,
непостижимости
3
French influence
Have you ever wondered why the English
language has different words for animals and
meats?
When William the Conqueror invaded
England in 1066, French became the official
language of the court. The English would look
after the animals and cook the meat, still call-
ing the animals pig, sheep and cow. The
Normans, when they saw the cooked meat
arrive at their table, would use French words
— pork, mutton and beef.
An amazing 10,000 loan words entered
English during this period, including such
words as table, chair, carpet, country, state,
nation, law, army, battle, peace, design, beauty,
romance — and, of course, many words for
food.
How many is enough?
Scientists say that the average vocabulary of a
native speaker is 5,000 words. William
Shakespeare, however, used 30,000 words!
Other ‘Englishes’
Other languages absorb English words too,
often giving them new forms and new mean-
ings. So many Japanese, French, Spanish
and Germans mix English words with their
mother tongues that the resulting hybrids are
called Japlish, Franglais, Spanglish and
Denglish. In Japanese, for example, there is a
verb Makudonaru, to eat at McDonald’s.
William the Conqueror [zwiljam de 'korjkare] Вильгельм
Завоеватель
to invade [m'veid] завоевывать, захватывать
average [ aevnd3] средний, обычный, обыкновенный
native speaker носитель языка
to absorb [ob'so:b] поглощать, всасывать
mother tongue [tag] родной язык
hybrid ['haibnd] гибрид
origins [ orid^inz] истоки, происхождение
arena [o'ri:no] арена
European Community [juaro'pran kazmju:niti] Европейское
сообщество
to announce [o'nauns] объявлять, сообщать
to reach an agreement [e'gri:mont] достигнуть согласия,
прийти к соглашению
to adopt [odopt] принимать
preferred [prt'fs.d] зд. основной
negotiations [nizgeuji'eijnz] переговоры
Her Majesty ['msed^isti] её величество
has some room for improvement [im'pru^vment] еще можно
кое-что улучшить
civil servant [zsivl 'ss.vent] государственный служащий
to replace [n'pleis] заменять
typewriter [ taipraite] пишущая машинка
enthusiasm [in'Oju:ziaezm] энтузиазм, восторг
troublesome [IrAblsam] причиняющий беспокойство, трудный
Euro-English?
One of the many ‘Englishes’ spoken and
written today is Euro-English. Euro-English
has its origins in the political arena of the
European Community. Here is a humorous
article about the future of Euro-English
published in a Canadian newspaper.
The European Onion
has announced that
an agreement has
been reached to adopt
English as the pre-
ferred language for
European communi-
cation. As part of the
negotiations, Her
Majesty's Government
agreed that English
spelling had some
room for improve-
ment and has accept-
ed a five-year plan for
what will be known as
Euro-English (‘Euro’
for short).
In the first year, ‘s’
will be used instead of
the soft ‘c’. Sertainly
sivil servants will
reseive this news with
joy. Also, the hard ‘c’
will be replaced with
‘k’. Not only this
should klear up kon-
fusion, but typewriters
kan have one less let-
ter.
There will be growing
publik enthusiasm in
the sekond year, when
the troublesome ‘ph’
will be replaced with
‘f’. This will make
words like ‘fotograf’
20 per cent shorter.
In the third year,
publik akseptanse of
the new spelling kan
be expekted to reach
the state where more
komplikated changes
are possible.
Governments will
enkourage the
removal of double let-
ters, which have
always ben a deterent
to akurate speling.
Also, al wil agre that
the horible mes of the
silent ‘e’s in the lan-
guag is disgrasful.
In the fourth year,
peopl wil be replasing
‘th’ by ‘z’ and ‘w’
with ‘v’.
During ze fifz year, ze
unesesary ‘o’ kan be
dropd from vords
kontaining ‘o’, and
similar changes vud of
kors be aplid to ozer
kombinations of
leters.
After zis fifz yer, ve
vil hav a reli sensibl
riten styl. Zer vil be
no mor trubls or
difikultis and evrivun
vil find it ezi tu
understand ech ozer.
ZE DREM VIL
FINALI KUM TRU!
complicated ['komphkeitid] сложный, запутанный
to encourage [иТклгкЗз] одобрять, поощрять
removal [ri'muivol] удаление
deterrent [drterant] препятствие
disgraceful [dis'grersfol] позорный
similar [ simile] схожий, похожий
to apply [a plai] применять
sensible ['sensabl] разумный
to come true сбываться
4
Different languages?
A century ago, some linguists predicted
that one day England, America, Australia
and Canada would be speaking different lan-
guages. Noah Webster, for example, said that
American English would be ‘as different from
the future language of England, as Dutch and
Swedish are from German, or from one
another’. But with the advent of records, cin-
ema, radio, and television, the two brands of
English have begun to draw back together
again. Britons and Americans probably speak
more alike today than they did 50 or 60 years
ago. (In the 1930s and 1940s, for example,
American films were dubbed in England. It’s
no longer the practice today.)
Canadian English, Australian English,
South African English, and many other
‘Englishes’ scattered around the world are
coming increasingly to resemble one another.
A global language
People have long been interested in hav-
ing one language that could be spoken
throughout the world. Such a language
would help to increase cultural and econom-
ic ties and simplify communication between
people. Through the years, at least 600 uni-
versal languages have been proposed, includ-
ing Esperanto. About 10 million people have
learned Esperanto since its creation in 1887,
but English, according to specialists, has bet-
ter chances to become a global language. So
why not learn it?
to predict [pn'dikt] предсказывать
Noah Webster [дана 'webste] Ной Вебстер (1758-1843),
известный американский лексикограф
Dutch [блЦ] голландский язык
Swedish [ swi:clij] шведский язык
advent ['aedventj появление
brand [braend] ветвь
to draw back together сближаться
to dub [dAb] дублировать
Do you speak Cockney?
It’s strange that the differences in Britain
itself are greater than those between Britain
and other English-speaking countries. For a
Londoner, it’s easier to understand an
American than a Cockney.
Cockney has a pronunciation, accent and
vocabulary unlike any other dialect. Cockneys
pronounce ‘wait’, ‘late’, ‘tray’, etc. like
‘white’, ‘light’, ‘try’, etc. ‘Wait for me. Dave!’
becomes, ‘Wfte for me, Dive!’, and they drop
their aitches: ‘have’ becomes ‘ave’, etc.
Cockney speech is famous for its rhyming
slang. A word is replaced by a phrase or a per-
son’s name which rhymes with it. For exam-
ple, instead of saying T don’t believe it’ a
Cockney person might say ‘I don’t Adam and
Eve it’.
Here are some more examples of rhyming
slang:
wife — trouble and strife
stairs — apples and pears
head — loaf of bread
house — Mickey Mouse
mum — finger and thumb
bread — Uncle Ned
wine — rise and shine
water — fisherman’s daughter
Did you know?
•	80% of all information in the world’s
computers is in English.
•	75% of the world’s letters and faxes are
in English.
•	60% of all international telephone calls
are made in English.
•	More than 60% of all scientific journals
are written in English.
Amazing fact
According to a recent survey, 90% of British
teens aren’t going to learn any foreign lan-
guage. They don’t have to, do they?
scattered ['skseted] разбросанный, рассеянный
are coming increasingly [in'kri:sigh] to resemble one another
становятся все более и более похожими друг на друга
to increase [in'krrs] расти, увеличиваться
to simplify ['simplrfaij упрощать
to propose [pra'pauz] предлагать
Esperanto [,espaTaentaij] эсперанто
creation [krireijn] создание
Cockney ['kokni] кокни (лондонское просторечие)
they drop their ‘aitches1 [ eitjiz] они не произносят звук [h]
rhyming ['raimiij] рифмованный
5
GLOBAL El
1.	How many words did Shakespeare use?
a)	300
b)	3,000
c)	30,000
2.	How many native words are there in the
English language?
a)	70%
b)	50%
c)	30%
3.	Which English word has the most defini-
tions?
a)	set
b)	get
c)	have
4.	What language did William the Conqueror
speak?
a)	French
b)	English
c)	German
5.	Which is the most common letter in
English?
a)	‘e’
b)	£a’
c)	‘i’
6.	Which is the least common letter in
English?
a)	‘x’
b)	‘q’
c)	‘z’
7.	What is the capital of Canada?
a)	Montreal
b)	Ottawa
c)	Adelaide
8.	The British ask for the bill in a restaurant
at the end of the meal. What do Americans
ask for?
a)	the check
b)	the receipt
c)	the script
9.	In British English, it’s called a ‘mobile’,
what’s it called in the US?
a)a handy
b)	a cell phone
c)	a portable phone
10.	Which word is used more in American
English than British English?
a)	mom
b)	mum
c)	mummy
11.	What is the capital of Australia?
a)	Sydney
b)	Canberra
c)	Melbourne
12.	What is the capital city of New Zealand?
a)	Sydney
b)	Oakland
c)	Wellington
13.	In Cockney, ‘I don't Adam and Eve you’
means
a)	I don’t love you
b)	I don’t understand you
с)	I don’t believe you
14.	Which of these ‘drink’ words was bor-
rowed from Arabic?
a)	wine
b)	juice
c)	alcohol
15.	What language is the word ‘sauna’ from?
a)	Swedish
b)	Dutch
c)	Finnish
16.	Which famous fast food comes from
Germany?
a)	pizza
b)	hamburger
c)	sandwich
17.	What language is ‘robot’ from?
a)	Czech
b)	Polish
c)	Hungarian
18.	What country are ‘hara-kiri’, ‘kimono’
and ‘karate’ from?
a)	China
b)	Japan
c)	Spain
6
QUIZ
19.	Which of the following English words are
not French borrowings?
a)	table, wardrobe, chair
b)	army, battle, peace
c)	father, king, pig
20.	What country are ‘opera’, ‘soprano’,
‘concerto’ and ‘piano’ from?
a)	Italy
b)	Spain
c)	Portugal
21.	How many new words are added to the
English vocabulary each year?
a)	about 50
b)	about 300
c)	about 500
22.	Where do the majority of computer terms
come from?
a)	the UK
b)	the USA
c)	Australia
23.	Which word is most frequently used in
conversation?
a)	Yes
b)	No
c)I
24.	Which words are most frequently used in
written English?
a)	boy, girl, love
b)	money, business, bank
c)	a, the, and
25.	What do the British say before a meal?
a)	Bon appetite!
b)	Bless you!
c)	nothing
26.	What's the correct question tag in this
polite request?
Open the window,you?
a)	will
b)	do
c)	please
27.	If someone says 'Cheerio', what do they
mean?
a)	Goodbye.
b)	Hello.
c)	Thank you.
28.	What should you say in English if someone
sneezes?
a)	How’s it going?
b)	Bless you!
c)	Can I help you?
29.	What would you say if you wanted to sit
down in a busy place?
a)	Excuse me, is this seat busy?
b)	Let me take this seat, please.
c)	Excuse me, is this seat taken?
30.	What is a polite response to 'Thank you
very much’?
a)	Of course!
b)	The same to you!
c)	You’re welcome!
31.	What do you say in a shop if you only
want to look and not buy?
a)	I’m just browsing.
b)	I’m just viewing.
c)	I’m just shoplifting.
32.	To tell someone who you are on the
phone, which of the following is the most nat-
ural?
a)	It’s Tom.
b)	I’m Tom.
c)	Tom speaking.
33.	The sentence ‘Madam, I’m Adam’ is
spelled the same from left to right and from
right to left. It is...
a)	an anagram
b)	a palindrome
c)	a puzzle
(See answers on page 60)
ENGLISH IS A Cl
times seem too difficult or illogical? Read
what American linguist Richard Lederer writes
about his native language.
Let’s face it — English is a crazy language,
the most lunatic of all languages.
In the crazy English language, blackboards
can be green or blue, and blackberries are
green and then red before they are ripe.
There is no egg in eggplant, no grape in
grapefruit, neither mush nor room in mush-
room, neither pine nor apple in pineapple, and
no ham in hamburger.
In this unreliable English tongue, grey-
hounds aren’t always grey, panda bears and
koala bears aren’t bears, and a guinea pig is
neither a pig nor from Guinea.
Language is like the air we breathe — we
take it for granted. But when we take the time
to listen to what we say, we find that hot dogs
can be cold, homework can be done at school,
nightmares can take place in broad daylight
while daydreaming can take place at night,
hours — especially rush hours — often last
longer than sixty minutes, and most bath-
rooms don’t have any baths in them. In fact, a
dog can ‘go to the bathroom’ under a tree.
Why is it that a king rules a kingdom but a
queen doesn’t rule a queendom?
And why is it that writers write but fingers
don’t fing, grocers don’t grace and hammers
don’t ham?
If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the
plural of booth be beeth?
If you write a letter today and wrote a letter
yesterday, why don’t we say that you bite your
tongue today and bote it yesterday? If the
teacher taught, why isn’t it also true that the
preacher praught? Why is it that the sun shone
yesterday while I shined my shoes?
If olive oil is made from olives, what do
they make baby oil from?
If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly
not opposite of softy? If harmless actions are
the opposite of harmful actions, why are
shameful and shameless behavior the same and
pricey objects less expensive than priceless ones?
to face признать
lunatic [lumatik] сумасшедший, ненормальный
blackberry ['blsekban] ежевика
ripe спелый
eggplant ['eg p la: nt] амер, баклажан (Br.E= aubergine)
grape виноград
grapefruit pgreipfru:t] грейпфрут
mush [гпл|] пюре, кашица
pine сосна
pineapple ['pamaepl] ананас
hamburger [zhaemyb3:ga] гамбургер
unreliable [/nre'laiebl] непредсказуемый,
ненадежный
greyhound ['greihaund] борзая
panda bear ['paende zbeo] панда
koala bear [keu'ads ,Ьеэ] коала
guinea pig ['gmi pig] морская свинка
Guinea [gini] Гвинея
to take smth for granted [ graintid] принимать
как само собой разумеющееся
nightmare ['naitmee] кошмар
in broad daylight среди бела дня
daydreaming мечты, грезы
rush hour час «пик»
grocer ['grause] бакалейщик
hammer [ haems] молоток
booth [bu:G] будка, палатка
to bite (bit, bitten) кусать
to preach [pri:tj] проповедовать
to shine (shone) сиять, сверкать
8
It AZY LANGUAGE
Why is it that when the sun or the moon or
the stars are out, they are visible, but when
the lights are out, they are invisible?
English users are constantly standing mean-
ing on its head. Let’s look at a number of
familiar English words and phrases:
A non-stop flight. Never get on one of these.
You’ll never get down.
A hot cup of coffee. Who cares if the cup is
hot? Surely we mean a cup of hot coffee.
I want to have my cake and eat it too.
Shouldn’t it be ‘I want to eat my cake and
have it too’?
Watch your head! You can often see this
sign on low doorways, but how can you follow
the instructions? Trying to watch your head is
like trying to bite your teeth!
They’re head over heels in love. That’s nice,
but all of us do almost everything head over
heels. Why don’t we say, ‘They’re heels over
head in love’?
They do things behind my back. You want
they should do things in front of your back?
And in what other language can your nose
run?
If the truth be told, all languages are a lit-
tle crazy. That’s because language is created
by people, not computers. That’s why six,
seven, eight and nine change to sixty, seven-
ty, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four
and five do not become twoty, threety, fourty
and fivety. That’s why we wear a pair of
pants but, except on very cold days, not a
pair of shirts. That’s why when I wind up my
watch, I start it, but when 1 wind up this
essay, I end it.
TEST YOUR
TEACHER
• If vegetarians eat vegetables,
Some teachers
can't understand why
you find English diffi-
cult. But if you ask them
to explain something,
they don’t know how!
Here are some interesting
questions to ask your English teacher
to answer:
what do humanitarians eat?
•	If people from Poland are called Poles, why
aren't people from Holland called Holes!
•	Why is the time of day with the slowest traffic
called the rush hour?
•	Why do a slim chance and a fat chance mean
the same (‘no chance at all’)?
•	Why is it that a man with hair on his head has
more hair than a man with hairs on his head?
•	Do infants enjoy infancy as much as adults
enjoy adultery?
•	Why is the man who invests all your money
called a broke/!
•	Why is it called building when it is already
built?
•	Why is abbreviation (‘a short form of) such a
long word?
to shine (shined) чистить, полировать
olive oil оливковое масло
baby oil детское масло
opposite l/opezit] противоположный
hardly едва
softy мягко
harmless ['ha:mles] безвредный
harmful ['haimfel] вредный
shameful [Jeimfal] постыдный
shameless ['JeimlesJ бесстыдный
behavior [bi'hetvje] поведение
pricey [ praisi] дорогой
priceless [ praisles] бесценный
visible [ vizibi] видимый
invisible невидимый
to stand meaning on its head переворачивать
значение/смысл
non-stop flight прямой (беспосадочный) рейс
to have one’s cake and eat it too поймать двух зайцев
Watch your head! Осторожно: низкий проем!
doorway дверной проем
They’re head over heels in love. Они по уши влюблены друг
в друга.
to do things behind smb’s back делать что-то тайком
от кого-то, у кого-то за спиной
to run течь (о носе)
pants амер, брюки (Br.E. = trousers)
to wind up ['watnd лр] заводить (часы), «закругляться»
essay ['esei] очерк
adultery [s'dAltan] супружеская измена
9
CRAZY EN
How crazy is your English ? Do this puzzle and find out.
2	N
3	G
4	L
5	I
6	S
7	H
8	I
9	s
10	A
3. This vegetable has no
egg in it.
4. This Australian ani-
mal is not a bear.
21
22
14
15
c
R
13 A
Z
Y
5. The past form of ‘bite’.
6. There’s neither mush nor
room in it.
16 L
17 A
18 N
19 G
20 (J
A
G
7. This dog is not always
grey.
1. The plural of ‘boot’ is
‘boots’. What is the plural of
‘foot’?
2. There is neither pine nor
apple in this fruit.
10. The opposite of ‘soft’.
10
LISH PUZZLE
11. You can find it in every classroom,
though it isn’t always black.
Our Queer English Lnguage
12. hours often last longer than
60 minutes.
13.1 want to have my cake and it
too.
14.	A synonym of ‘lunatic’.
15.	A synonym of ‘expensive’.
16.	What is olive oil
made from?
17.	The opposite of
‘slowly’.
18.	A king rules a king-
dom. What does a queen
rule?
19.	A synonym of the
word ‘language’.
20.	The past
form of
‘teach’.
21.	The English for
«кошмар».
22.	This popular
fast food comes
from Germany.
23.	Leonardo’s paintings
are p.
(See answers on page 60)
We’ll begin with box; the plural is boxes,
But the plural of ox is oxen, not oxes.
One fowl is a goose, but two are called
geese,
But the plural of mouse in not ever meese.
You may find a lone mouse, or a whole
nest of mice,
But the plural of house is still never hice.
If the plural of man is always men
Why shouldn’t the plural of pan be pen?
If I speak of a foot and you show me two
feet,
And I give you a boot, would a pair be
called beet?
If one is a tooth, and a whole set are teeth
Why shouldn’t the plural of booth be
called beeth?
If the singular is this and the plural is
these
Should the plural of kiss ever be keese?
We speak of a brother and also call
brethren,
And though we say mother we never say
methren.
I
Then the masculine pronouns are he, his
and him,
But imagine the feminine she, shis and
shim.
Alice Hess Beveridge
ox бык
fowl [faul] птица
lone [leun] зд. отдельный
nest зд. шайка, банда
brethren ['bredrm] собратья, братия
masculine [ mseskjuhn] мужского рода
pronoun [ praunaun] местоимение
feminine [ feminin] женского рода
11
Sounds and letters
DOUBLE
Poets have a
very easy job
in most lan-
guages. Ail
they have to do
is get hold of two
words that end in
roughly the same
sequence of let-
ters. Not in
English, however.
Here is a short
poem to prove it.
TROUBLE
Amazing facts
• If you feel like writing a poem in English, you
should know that no word
guage rhymes with month,
purple.
• The English language has
while the Roman alphabet has just
This is one of the reasons why English spelling
is so problematic.
in this
orange,
around
crazy lan-
silver, and
41 sounds
26 letters.
When the English tongue we speak,
Why is break not rhymed with weak?
Will you tell me why it’s true
That we say sew, but also few?
When a poet writes a verse
Why is horse not rhymed with worse?
Beard is not the same as heard
Lord is different from word!
Cow is cow, but low is low
Shoe is never rhymed with toe.
Think of nose and dose and lose
Think of goose and then of choose.
Think of comb and tomb and bomb,
Doll and roll, or home and some.
We have blood and food and good.
Mould is not pronounced like could.
Think of pay, say, paid and said.
‘1 will read’ and T have read.’
Why say done, but gone and lone —
Is there any reason known?
To sum it up, it seems to me
That sounds and letters disagree.
• More than 60% of English words have silent
letters. Nearly every letter of the English
alphabet is silent in some word!
Did Chaucer speak English?
English spelling has changed over the years.
The spelling of Chaucer, the greatest English
poet before Shakespeare, is different from mod-
em spelling.
Here are a few lines from The Canterbury Tales
written in about
1387:
Here biginneth the
Millere his Tale
Whylom ther was
dwellinge at Oxenford
A riche gnof,
that gestes beeld
to bord,
And of his craft he
was a carpenter.
Even English speak-
ers cannot read and
understand Chaucer’s
writings well.
roughly [TAfh] приблизительно
sequence [shkwans]
поел едовательность
to rhyme [raim] рифмоваться
to sew [sau] шить
beard [biad] борода
toe [tau] палец ноги
dose [doos] доза
comb [kaum] расческа
tomb [tu:m] надгробье, гробница
bomb [bom] бомба
mould [meuld] лекало, образец,
форма
silent [ salient] немой
Chaucer ['t[o.se], Geoffrey [djefrt]
Чосер, Джефри (1340-1400)
The Canterbury Tales [.kaentaban 'teilz]
Кентерберийские рассказы
will завещание
lack of logic [Jaek ev lodsik] отсутствие
логики
playwright [ pleirait] драматург
exhausted [ig'zo:stid] измученный,
обессиленный
genius [ d3i:nias] гений
hint намек
tough [tAf] жесткий, трудный
12
There is a legend that George Bernard
Shaw wrote a will for the one who will be able
to reform and simplify English spelling. To
demonstrate the lack of logic so often found
in English pronunciation the famous play-
wright invented a new word — GH0T1. To
read this word correctly you should follow
Shaw’s rules:
1)	GH should be pronounced like ‘gh’ in
the word ‘enoug/f;
2)	О should sound like the ‘o’ in ‘women’;
3)	TI ought to be pronounced like the ‘ti’
in ‘na/zon’.
Here’s the solution: GHOTI is ‘fish’.
If you are not exhausted, here is another
poem illustrating the difficulties of English
spelling. If you can read it correctly — you are
a genius!
Hints on Pronunciation for Foreigners
You probably already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough.
Some may stumble, but not you
On hiccough, thorough, plough and through.
Beware of heard, an awkward word:
It looks like beard but sounds like bird1.
Watch out for meat and great and threat,
They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.
And here is not a match for there
Nor dear and fear for bear and pear.
And then there’s dose and rose and lose,
But watch that ‘s’ in goose and choose'.
It’s cork but work, and card but ward;
And font but front, and word but sword;
Come, come, I’ve hardly made a start.
A dreadful language, full of tricks?
I mastered it when I was six...
If you’ve made a few mistakes, don’t worry.
Even native speakers make them.
(See clues on page 60)
Did you know?
Nobody knows why, but
Shakespeare spelled his name in
11 different ways: Willm Shakp,
William Shakp, William Shakper,
William Shakspe, William
Shaksper, Wm Shaksper, William
Shakspere, Willim Shakspere,
William Shakspeare, William
Shakspear, William Shakespeare.
SHAK1 SEE ARI S
Mt. WILLIAM
SH A KI SPE A R1 S
Beware!
‘Ough’ can be pronounced in eight different
ways. The following sentence contains them all:
‘A rough-coated, dough-faced ploughman strode
through the streets of Scarborough, coughing and
hiccoughing thoughtfully.’ If you don’t believe us
— consult a dictionary!
Spelling reform
In 1806, Noah Webster wrote a dictionary with
new American spelling. In fact, he only changed
a few words. Here are some examples
British
colour
neighbour
centre
metre
programme
catalogue
American
color
neighbor
center
meter
program
catalog
How to spell ‘potato’
Just imagine — the word ‘potato’ could be spelt
as GH-OUGH-BT-EIGH-BT-EAU:
gh as in hiccough (pronounced like [p])
ough as in though ([эи])
bt as in debt ([t])
eigh as in neighbour ([ei])
bt as in debt ([t])
eau as in bureau ([au])
bough [bau] сук
cough [kof] кашель
dough [dou] тесто
to stumble ['stAmbl] запинаться,
ошибаться
hiccough [ hikAp] икота
thorough ['Олга] полный,
доскональный, тщательный
plough [plan] плуг
Beware [brwee] Остерегайтесь!
awkward ['o:kwed] неуклюжий
threat [Gret] угроза
suite [swi:t] номер «люкс»
в гостинице
debt [det] долг
match пара, ровня
pear [pea] груша
cork [ko:k] пробка
ward [wo:d] больничная палата
font [font] шрифт
sword [so:d] меч, шпага
to master ['ma:ste] овладевать,
усваивать
Noah Webster [zneue 'webste]
Ной Вебстер
13
TERRIBLE TOI
Here is a collection of tongue twisters that even native speakers of English find very difficult to
say. Try them yourself. How quickly can you read them?
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
1’11 have a proper cup of coffee in a proper
coffee cup.
Sammy thought that Sarah thought that six
and three made seven.
Grey geese graze in the green grass.
Tragedy strategy.
If Stu chews shoes, should Stu
choose the shoes he chews?
Two witches bought two wrist watches,
But which witch wore which wrist watch?
Don’t trouble trouble
Until trouble troubles you.
It only doubles trouble
And troubles others too.
Crisp crusts crackle cruncliily.
If a white chalk chalks on a black
blackboard,
Will a black chalk chalk on a white
blackboard?
He sighed, she sighed, they both
sighed, side by side, down beside the river
side.
Say this sharply, say this sweetly,
Say this shortly, say this softly.
Say this sixteen times in suc-
cession.
I thought a thought.
But the thought I thought
wasn’t the thought
I thought I
thought.
Little Lady Lilly lost her lovely locket.
Lovely little Lucy found the lovely locket.
Lovely little locket lay in Lucy’s pocket —
Lazy little Lucy lost the lovely locket!
A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, ‘Let us fly!’
Said the fly, ‘Let us flee!’
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.
We watched window washers wash
Washington’s windows with warm washing
water.
Once a fellow met a fellow
In a field of beans.
Said a fellow to a fellow,
‘If a fellow asks a fellow,
Can a fellow tell a fellow
What a fellow means?’
How much wood would a woodchuck
chuck
If a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as
much as he could,
And chuck as much wood as
a woodchuck would
If a woodchuck could chuck
wood.
Can you imagine an imaginary
menagerie manager imagining
managing an imaginary menagerie?
There was a young fisher
named Fischer
Who fished for a fish in a fissure.
The fish with a grin,
Pulled the fisherman in;
Now they’re fishing the fissure
for Fischer.
to pick a peck [рек] съесть небольшой
кусочек
pickled ['pikld] маринованный
pepper ['pepej перец
shell [Jel] раковина
proper ['props] настоящий, приличный
to graze пастись
wrist [rist] наручный
crisp хрустящий
crust корка (хлеба)
to crackle ['kraekl] хрустеть
crunchily [ krAnJih] с хрустом
to chalk [tjo:k] писать (мелом)
in succession [in seksejn] подряд
locket [Io kit] медальон
flea [fli:] блоха
flue [flu:] труба, дымоход
to flee (fled) убегать, спасаться
бегством
flaw [flo:] трещина, щель
woodchuck ['wudtjAk] сурок
14
4 GUE TWISTERS
Betty Botter had some butter,
‘But,’ she said, ‘this butter’s bitter.
If I bake this bitter butter,
It would make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter —
That would make my batter better.’
Mr See owned a saw.
And Mr Soar owned a seesaw.
Now See’s saw sawed Soar’s seesaw
Before Soar saw See,
Which made Soar sore.
Had Soar seen See’s saw
Before See sawed Soar’s seesaw,
See’s saw would not have sawed
Soar’s seesaw.
So See’s saw sawed Soar’s seesaw.
But it was sad to see Soar so sore
Just because See’s saw sawed
Soar’s seesaw!
Whether the weather be fine,
Or whether the weather be not,
Whether the weather be cold
Or whether the weather be hot,
We’ll weather the weather
Whatever the weather,
Whether we like it or not.
This one is a tongue twister and a brain-teaser.
First see how fast you can read it, then explain
the situation described — if you can.
General Fite stormed the fort of General Fort.
Fite was before Fort’s fort before Fort could
fight Fite but Fite’s unfortified fort enabled
Fort to fight Fite better than Fite fought Fort.
However, Fite fought Fort until Fort took
Fite’s unfortified fort and then how Fort
fought Fite! If Fite had fought Fort before
Fort’s fortified fort instead of Fort fighting
Fite before Fite’s fort, then Fort and Fite
might not have fought.
How to pronounce the [O] sound
Place the tip of
the tongue
behind your top
teeth.
Breathe out.
Retract the
tongue.
Vibrate the air
behind the
tongue and say:
‘The Smiths
wear thin
clothes
throughout the
winter months.’
Consult
a dentist.
Would you believe it?
More and more people in China have
tongue operations because they want to
improve their English!
Plastic surgeons say that the operation is
quite simple and patients can improve their
pronunciation very quickly.
to chuck [Цлк] зд. рубить
imaginary [I'maedjinon]
воображаемый
menagerie [mmaed^on] зверинец
fissure ['fija] расщелина
grin усмешка
bitter ['bite] горький
batter [ bgete] взбитое
жидкое тесто
to own [oun] владеть, иметь
saw [so:] пила
seesaw [si:so:] детские качели
to make smb sore [so:] рассердить
кого-либо
to weather ['weds] переносить,
выдерживать
fort [fo:t] крепость
unfortified [/n'fo:tifaid] неукрепленный
to enable [i neibl] давать возможность
plastic surgeon [ pla&stik S3:d3n]
пластический хирург
15
HELPFUL HINTS
FROM FAMOUS
PEOPLE
THE
LANGUAGE
By G. Mikes
When I arrived in
England I thought 1
knew English. After I'd been
here an hour I realised that 1 did not under-
stand one word. In the first week I picked up a
tolerable working knowledge of the language
and the next seven years convinced me gradual-
ly but thoroughly that I would never know it
really well, let alone perfectly. This is sad. My
only consolation being that nobody speaks
English perfectly.
Remember that those five hundred words an
average Englishman uses are far from being the
whole vocabulary of the language. You may
learn another five hundred and another five
thousand and yet another fifty thousand and
still you may come across a further fifty thou-
sand you have never heard of before, and
nobody else either.
If you live here long enough you will find
out to your greatest amazement that the adjec-
tive nice is not the only adjective the language
possesses, in spite of the fact that in the first
three years you do not need to learn or use any
other adjectives. You can say that the weather
is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr Soandso is
nice, Mrs Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a
nice time, and all this will be very nice.
Then you have to decide on your accent.
(...) The easiest way to give the impression of
having a good accent or no foreign accent at all
is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mut-
ter between your teeth and finish all your sen-
tences with the question: ‘isn’t it?’ People will
not understand much, but they are accustomed
to that and they will get a most excellent
impression.
SPOKEN ENGLISH
AND BROKEN ENGLISH
By G. B. Shaw
...If you are learning English because you
intend to travel in England and wish to be
understood there, do not try to speak English
perfectly because if you do, no one will under-
stand you.
...Though there is no such thing as perfectly
correct English, there is presentable English
which we call ‘Good English’, but in London
nine hundred and ninety nine out of every
thousand people not only speak bad English but
speak even that very badly. You may say that
even if they do not speak English well them-
selves they at least understand it when the
speaker is a foreigner, the better he speaks the
harder it is to understand him. Therefore the
first thing you have to do is to speak with a
strong foreign accent, and speak broken
English: that is English without any grammar.
Then every English person will at once know
that you are a foreigner, and try to understand
and be ready to help you.
He will not expect you to be polite and to
use elaborate grammatical phrases. He will be
interested in you because you are a foreigner. If
you say: “Will you have the goodness, sir, to
direct me to the railway terminus at “Charing
Cross,” pronouncing all the vowels and conso-
nants beautifully, he will suspect you of being a
beggar. But if you shout “Please! Charing
Cross! Which way?” you will have no difficulty.
Half a dozen people will give you directions at
once.
tolerable [lolsrebl] сносный,
приличный
working knowledge практическое
знание (языка)
to convince [kon'vms] убеждать
gradually ['grsedjuali] постепенно,
последовательно
thoroughly [ОлгаЬ] совершенно,
до конца
let alone... не говоря уже о...
consolation [ konseleijn] утешение
average ['аеупсЩ средний
vocabulary [va'kaebjulen] словарный
состав (языка)
to come across встретить
amazement [a'meizmont] удивление
adjective [ aedjektiv] имя прилагательное
to possess [pe'zes] иметь, обладать
unlit pipe незажженная трубка
to mutter [TnAta] бормотать
to be accustomed [e kAStemd] to
привыкнуть к
broken ['braukn] ломаный (о языке)
presentable [pn'zentobl] приличный,
хороший
He will not expect you to be polite
Он не ждет от вас вежливости
16
OXFORD ACCENT
By D. Baisden
The Oxford accent exists, but it defies defini-
tion. It is not, as the French think, the kind of
English which is spoken within a twenty mile
radius of the city. Indeed, it is not an accent at all,
but a manner of speaking. In particular it is a
manner of pausing in your speech, of pausing not
at the end of sentences, where you might be inter-
rupted but in the middle of sentences. Nobody, it
is to be hoped, will be so rude as to interrupt you
when you are in the middle of a sentence. So
TEST YOURSELF
1. Can you prove that nice is not the only adjec-
tive the English language possesses? Try to
use more exact words or expressions for each
nice.
“It’s nice to be home,” sighed Gloria. “But I
did have such a nice time at Ann’s. Friday was nice
and warm. I wore my nice blue suit and that nice
white blouse I got for my birthday. I had a nice
seat in the train, and the conductor was very nice
about warning me before we came to West Lake.
Ann and her mother met me in their nice new
BMW.”
“Wasn’t that nice of them?”
“What comes next is even nicer. We drove to
their place, a nice brick house, and had the nicest
supper. After supper Joe and Tommy, two nice
boys, took us to see a very nice movie, and after
that we all had nice big sundaes at the Sugar Bowl.
“On Saturday we had a nice game of tennis on
those nice new high school courts, and Saturday
night we went to a nice bam dance. Ann looked
very nice in her nice light-blue print dress. On
Sunday she and her mother drove me to the train,
and I thanked them for the nicest weekend I’ve
ever had.”
These words might help you:
attractive, pleasant, exciting, sunny, fashionable,
comfortable, kind, terrific, considerate, delicious,
interesting, modern, fine, lovely, grand, great,
pretty, splendid, wonderful
pause there, to decide what your next sentence is
going to be. Then, having decided, move quickly
forward to it without a moment’s pause at the full
stop. Yes, jumping your full stops — that is the
Oxford accent. Do it well, and you will be able to
talk forever. Nobody will have the chance of
breaking in and stealing the conversation from you.
2. George Mikes advises us to finish all our sen-
tences with the tag “isn’t it?” However, not all
disjunctive questions take this tag. Can you put
the right tag to each of the following sen-
tences?
1.	Let’s go to the park,
2.	Nobody phoned,
3.	I’m beautiful,____________________________
4.	They never quarrel,
5.	It’s no good,__________________
6.	He has to get up early,
7.	It’s hardly rained this summer,
elaborate [ilaebnt] сложный,
замысловатый
railway terminus [ t3:minos]
железнодорожный вокзал
vowel [vauol] гласный (звук)
consonant ['konsenont]
согласный (звук)
to suspect [sos'pekt] подозревать
beggar ['bego] нищий, попрошайка
to defy [di'fai] не поддаваться
(определению)
in particular [pe'tikjula] в частности
to pause [po:z] делать паузу
to interrupt [jnteTApt] перебивать
rude [ru:d] грубый, невежливый
full stop точка, конец предложения
sundae ['sAndei] пломбир с сиропом,
орехами, фруктами и т. п.
“Sugar Bowl” ['Jugo beul] “Сахарница”
(название кафе)
barn dance амер, сельский праздник
с танцами
print dress ситцевое платье
(See answers on page 60)
17
A BIT OF GRAMMAR
VERB PUZZLE
There is a story about a schoolboy who
was constantly writing 'I have went*
instead of '1 have gone.' At last the
teacher asked him to stay after school
and write 'I have gone' a hundred times
for him to remember it better. When the
teacher came back he found a letter
from the boy on his desk. It said, ’Dear
Sir, I have written "I have gone" a hun-
dred times, and now I have went. Jim
Stone.'
Do you know the forms of the English
verbs?
If you put the verbs in the puzzle below
into the correct form, you 'll be able to read
a proverb.
10
ТГ
1	shake — shook —
2	drink — drank — 
3	bring —— brought
4	fly — flew —
5	hold - held -
6	beat — — beaten
7	hide — hid —
8	dig — dug —
9	spend — spent —
10	drive — drove —
11	cost —— cost
12	speak —— spoken
13	become — became —
14	grow — grew —
15	feel -- felt
16	write —— written
WHO IS TO BLAME?
This is a story about four people named
Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and
Nobody. There was an important job to be
done and Everybody was sure that Somebody
would do it. Anybody could have done it, but
Nobody did it.
Continue the story, supplying Everybody,
Somebody, Anybody or Nobody.
got angry about that, because
it was’s job.
thought could do it, but
________________ realised that ______________
wouldn’t do it. In the end
blamed when did
what could have.
18
A ROBBER IN THE HOUSE?
Can you put the verbs in brackets into the cor-
rect form ? The first one has been done for you.
The moment Jane 1___turned(to turn)
the corner, she 2 (to notice) that
her front door 3(to be) open. She
definitely 4 (to shut) it when she
5 (to go) out, and her flatmate,
Ann, 6(not to say) that she
7(to come) this evening. Jane
8 (to slacken) her pace,
9(to think) what she
10(can) do. If she
11(to ask) her neighbours
12(to accompany) her and it
13(to turn out) that there
14(to be) no one there, then she
15 (to look) a fool. On the other
hand, if she 16(to enter) the flat
alone, and 17(to find) an intrud-
er there, it 18(can) end very
badly.
‘This 19 (never to happen) to
me before,’ Jane 20(to think),
‘and I 21 (to hope) it
22(never to happen) again.’
CRAZY PREPOSITIONS
Can you fill in the correct prepositions in this
funny story? The first one has been done for
you.
(1)___On ____Wednesday I had an impor-
tant interview (2)a job. I got up
(3)7 o’clock in the morning and
shaved carefully. I put (4)my best
jacket and trousers. I had to travel (5)
train, so I walked to the station.
(6) my way I saw a man who was
painting his fence (7)  red paint. The
man didn’t notice me: he was looking (8)
the fence. Then he turned suddenly
and splashed my beautiful trousers!
I was very angry (9) the man. He
apologised (10) me, but the damage
was done. There was a department store not
far (11) the station, so I decided to
buy a new pair.
I found a nice pair of trousers and since I
was short (12)time, I decided to
change (13) the train. The shop was
full, so I paid hurriedly (14)_______my
trousers, grabbed my shopping bag and left.
I arrived (15)_______the station just
(16)time to catch the train. I was very
proud (17) myself. ‘Now I won’t be
late (18)the interview,’ I thought and
smiled happily (19)an elderly lady
who was staring (20)my trousers.
I went (21)the toilet to change. I
threw away my stained trousers and opened
the bag to get my new ones, but all I found
was a pink woollen sweater!
19
FOODF R THOUGHT
FOOD RAP
Here’s our food rap. Can you write the
missing rhyming words?
1.	Hi, my name is Sam,
I like eating.
2.	My name is Louise,
I like to eat
3.	My big brother Jake
Is fond of.
4.	And my sister Bunny
Eats too much.
5.	This girl is Lola.
She likes drinking.
6.	And this boy is Fred.
He likes eating	.
7.	But do you want to know the food that is a
dream?
It’s chocolate cake, with lots of good.
SHOPPING LIST
Can you read this shopping list correctly?
4 cartons of yoghurt
a kilo of sausage
2 pizzas
a packet of margarine
a bottle of champagne
a bottle of chocolate liqueur
a bag of muesli
a bottle of ketchup
QUICK MEAT QUIZ
Choose the best answer.
1.	What word is used for the meat of a cow or
bull?
a) pork	b) veal	c) beef
2.	What word is used for the meat of a calf (a
young cow)?
a) pork	b) veal	c) beef
3.	What word is used for the meat of a pig?
a) pork	b) veal	c) mutton
4.	Young sheep’s meat is called
a) mutton	b) bacon	c) lamb
5.	The meat of a fully grown sheep is called
a) lamb b) mutton c) veal
6.	This meat is sliced and served fried with eggs,
mushrooms, tomatoes, sausages and bread for
breakfast in Britain. It is
a) bacon	b) venison	c) lamb
7.	The meat of a deer used for eating is known as
a) venison	b) deer	c) pork
ODD ONE OUT
Which word in the following groups is different?
1)	carrot, radish, leek, cucumber, pineapple
2)	pig, veal, mutton, beef, pork
3)	strawberry, orange, raspberry, gooseberry, cur-
rant
4)	chicken, turkey, goose, salmon, duck
5)	milk, cheese, juice, wine, tea
20
COUNTRY FOOD
Can you pair up each type of food with its country of
origin ?
1)	HAGGIS
2)	SPAGHETTI
3)	HOT DOGS
4)	GOULASH
5)	CURRY
6)	MOUSSAKA
a)	ITALY
b)	HUNGARY
c) SCOTLAND
d) INDIA
e) GREECE
f) AMERICA
CHEF’S PUZZLE
(a)	to become wild or angry; to go crazy
(b)	to be in a difficult or confused situation
(c)	a silly person
(d)	someone who spends lot of time watching TV
(e)	a promised reward for doing something
(f)	something very, very pleasant
(g)	very calm, not nervous or embarrassed
(h)	to be one’s favourite (person or thing)
(See answers on page 60)
This chef has some mixed-up labels in his kitchen.
Can you identify them ?
SATL
RASUG
HRPtPp
RMJtsUM
lfrou
YUM, YUM, HOT DOGS!
Even though they were bom in Europe, hot dogs
have become as American as apple pie.
But why on earth are they called hot dogs?
In one version, hot dogs were originally called
‘dachshund sausages’ because they looked like a
long thin German dog, a ‘dachshund’. A newspa-
per cartoonist drew a picture of barking dachs-
hunds between buns and labelled them ‘hot dogs’
because he couldn’t spell ‘dachshund.’ The trou-
ble is, no one has ever found that cartoon, so we
don’t know if it really happened!
Whatever they were called, they had become part
of American culture by the 1920s. People ate
them at baseball games, horse races, country fairs
and circuses. Today, America is hot dog head-
quarters, but not everyone can agree on the per-
fect way to eat one!
New Yorkers like it with onions and sauerkraut,
but folks from Chicago prefer it with tomatoes,
pickles and peppers.
yum-yum [ ,]лт']лт] ням-ням
as American as apple pie
типично американский
originally [o'ridganah]
первоначально
cartoonist [ku:'tu:nist]
карикатурист
barking [ bcukng] лающий
bun [Ьлп] булочка
to label [leibl] назвать,
приклеить ярлык
country fair ['kAntn fee]
сельская ярмарка
headquarters [Jied'kwo:toz]
штаб, центр
sauerkraut [ sauokraut] кислая
капуста
pickles [ piklz] пикули, соленья
Fruity Language
There are a lot of idiomatic expressions in English
which use the names of fruits and vegetables. Check
how many you know by matching the expressions
with their meanings.
1.	to be the apple of someone’s eye
2.	to go bananas
3.	as cool as a cucumber
4.	to be in a pickle
5.	a lemon
6.	a couch potato
7.	a bowl of cherries
8.	a carrot
21
HOME, SWEET HOME
1. Do this puzzle and read an English proverb.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
I. You have dinner at it.
2. It's made of glass, it lets in light and air.
3. You watch it when you are bored.
4.	It is said that Santa Claus
gets into the house through it.
5.	You keep food and drinks
in it.
6.	The woman in the picture
is sweeping the.
7.	A piece of glass that reflects
images.
8.	This comfortable seat is
wide enough for two or three
people.
9.	You wash yourself in this room.
10.	You use it to see at night.
11.	It usually covers the floor.
12.	Which floor do you live____?
13.	A large printed picture or photograph.
Teenagers like to decorate their rooms with
them.
22
14.	You do the cooking in this room.
15.	You sleep in this room.
16.	This clock usually wakes you up in the
morning.
17.	It gives you warmth.
18.	You can walk up and down with the help
of these.
19.	A very, very tall building.
20.	This dog is sitting in an
23.	A short form of 'video cassette recorder'.
24.	It separates rooms.
25.	These flowers will be put in a
26.	An American lives in
an apartment, a Briton
lives in a.
27.	You cover your bed
with it.
28.	You need them to get
into the house.
2.	Jane has dusted a lot of things around the
house. Find -what the articles were by putting
two word pieces together correctly for each
object.
21. You wash your
dirty clothes in a
washing
22. You move this lit-
tle object with your
hand to give com-
mands to your com-
puter.
23
LOOKING COOL
1. Guess the word.
ion.
1. These cut offs used to be blue
2. They are cheap, comfy
and will always be in fash-
3.	Look at the girl below. What beauty aids
did she use to make her look attractive?
a)	face powder
b)	lipstick
c) eyeliner
d) eye shadow
e) mascara
f) blusher
g) nail varnish
h) hairspray
3.	It goes from the waist down, is most often
worn by girls and can be mini, knee length or
maxi.
4.	They cover your feet and are worn inside a
shoe._______________
5.	We wear them to keep our hands warm.
6.	A pair of trousers or a skirt with a matching
jacket is called a.
7.	We wrap it around our necks in
winter._______________
8.	It has buttons up the front, a collar
sleeves and is often white.
9.	Men usually wear them around
their necks._______________
10.	Women wear this dress on
special occasions. It’s an evening
2.	Can you match the pictures with the
patterns?
a)	tartan	d) check
b)	pinstriped	e) striped
c)	floral	f) spotted
Did you know?
(See answers on page 61)
It has been scientifically proved that once men
wore as much makeup as women! They outlined
their eyes, dyed their hair and coloured their eye-
brows with grey, black, or green paint. No won-
der archaeologists stumble upon cosmetic jars
when they open up pharaohs’ tombs.
to outline [ autlain] обводить, рисовать контур
to dye [dai] красить
archaeologist [,a:krolad3ist] археолог
to stumble [ stAmbl] спотыкаться, натыкаться
jar [dja:] банка
pharaoh ['feerau] фараон
tomb [tu:m] гробница
24
WHAT A LOT OF "OLOGIES"!
Do you know what these sciences study? Match each one with its correct definition.
The study of
the earth’s
atmosphere
and the things
which happen
there.
The study of
the remains
of ancient
civilizations
from relics
found during
excavations.
The study
of fossils.
The study
of man and
his origins.
The study
of handwriting
to discover
aspects of some-
one’s
personality.
The study
of animals.
The study
of UFOs.
The study
of the use of
X-rays for
medical
purposes.
A Zoology
E Meteorology
В Palaeontology
F Archaeology
C Graphology
G Ufology
D Radiology
H Anthropology
(answers on page 61)
25
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Crossword puzzles are the most popular and widespread word game in the world.
Try this one. It isn't very difficult.
Across:
1,	A place where planes can Land and take off and
which is used by passengers travelling to other
countries and cities. Sheremetievo, Heathrow,
Orli, etc are such places.
6.	A large area of land covered with trees and
bushes.
7.	Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson lived at 22IB
Baker .
8.	East or, home is best.
9.	This large meat-eating animal of the cat family
is often called the king of the jungle.
11. A means of transport. It is usually long and
consists of several carriages.
13. What do you usually do at 4 o’clock in the
morning?
15. The third month of the year.
17. When the lesson was, we ran out
into the street.
18. If you aren’t bald, you use it every day — to
tidy, arrange or straighten your hair.
24.	It is sweet, yellow and sticky. It is made by
bees. Winnie-the-Pooh liked it very much.
25.	We usually put it in our tea to make it sweet.
26.	The hair growing below the mouth. Some men
(especially if they are old and wise) wear them.
Goats have them too.
29. Are you free tonight? — No, I’m
30. The opposite of‘false’.
32.	To say aloud from memory (for example, a
poem).
33.	Slowly, quickly, carefully (part of speech),
34.	You must use this word if you are going to
address a king or a queen.
Down:
1.	When the teacher asked me a question, I
couldn’t it.
2.	A person who writes poems.
3.	A picture (for example, a butterfly) or message
(for example T love Kate’) put on the skin with
the help of a needle and coloured dyes.
4.	A day when people usually don’t work and cel-
ebrate something, for example, Christmas or
New Year.
5.	This large meat-eating animal lives in Africa
and southern Asia and belongs to the family of
big cats. They say, it cannot change its spots.
10.	The opposite of ‘buy’.
11.	What’s your dad doing? — He’s looking
morning newspapers.
12.	Did you pass your exam? — I’m afraid.
13.	The English for ‘успех’.
14.	A person who paints pictures.
15.	April showers bring  flowers.
16.	My mother is my father’s wife. My father is my
mother’s_________________
19.	A synonym of ‘tell’.
20.	Zoo animals are kept in(s).
21.	The English for ‘грабить’.
22.	Would you like piece of cake? —
No, thank you.
23.	Girls usually put it on their eyelashes to make
them dark and thick.
27. So many countries, so many(s).
28. It is probably the best day of the week, because
we don’t have to go to school or work and can
have a good rest.
31.	The English for ‘слава’, ‘известность’.
(See answers on page 6])
Did you know?
The first crossword puzzle was created by an
Englishman, a journalist from Liverpool named
Arthur Wynne. It was first published in an
American newspaper, the New York World, in
1913.
26
zz
1.	The word ‘to boycott’ comes from the
name of Captain Boycott (1832—1897), who
was an Irish land agent. He collected high
rents from poor farmers. He was disliked by
his neighbours who refused to communicate
with him.
2.	‘To lynch’ means to attack and kill
someone for some alleged crime without a
lawful trial. Charles Lynch was a farmer in
Virginia in the 18th century. He is said to
have punished black men in this way.
3.	Jean Nicot (1530—1600), French
ambassador to Portugal, brought the tobacco
plant to France. The word ‘nicotine’ comes
from his name.
4.	The word ‘silhouette’ comes from the
name of Etienne de Silhouette, French
Minister of Finance (1709—1769), who
amused himself by making shadow pictures.
5.	Louis Braille (1809—1852), a French
teacher who was blinded in an accident at
the age of 3, invented a system of writing
which enables the blind to read by touch.
6.	Hooligan was the name of an Irish fam-
ily who were famous for their quarrels and
fights.
7.	Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) was a
German engineer who invented the type of
internal combustion engine named after him.
8.	Marquis de Sade (1740—1814), a mem-
ber of the French aristocracy was noted for
his crimes of cruelty. He spent years in
prison where he wrote novels and plays.
•jeoj щ aoiyo siq apisjno
Зортем sn daaq oj рэло|
aq psrpns e jo jiq в sbm
jajsEUipsaq jno 8
этцЗиэ
psaip в црм ppom
май e aonpoid oj Suio8
si Xjojoej sjqi • ‘ L
sue§
-qooq qeqjooj paqna эгв
satpjEur qEqjooj je juaj
-О1Л pUE XsiOU Э1Е oqM
ajdoad ‘uisjug uj ’9
animq
рвэд or tqSnEj ajE pugq aqj. g
•Xqs имвр aqj jsuieSe
I9moj aqj jo apanoqjis aqj mes j p
•saouEjsqns вподэЭивр oje auijoaiu pus
je) asnnaaq jnjuireq si Suiqouig •£
иэдэртш paiaadsns aqj paqaWq
рив snopnj joS рмодэ aqjL
qSnoua q§iq
jou аги sqSem Jiaqi asneaaq XuBduioo
aqj SuijjooXoq эдв sraqjOM aqj j
•sdiuou asdip
pui.j 'эшои st uosjad d шол[ вэиюэ imp рлом ю
putf 11ВЭ nod S92U3fUdS SuiMOflOf ЭЦ1 ft) ЦЭПЭ UJ
\saipiMpuBS, soqaiwpuBS
|]вэ эм лвро) jBip qaiupuBS jo ije j aqj jo
osuBoaq si ц 'SjaSuij siq Suipos jnoqjiM рив
Suiddojs jnoqjiM эшвЗ эц; Зиипр |вэ ppioo
□q jBq; os opisui ureq jo osooqa jo >вэш
qjiM pBajq jo saaqs омд ралэрю ац ’S|Eaui
siq joj эшвЗ aqi jdnuajni oj pajBq рив
<вр рив jqSiu spjBa <npl oj pasn эц *врлвэ
SuiXBfd jo puoj sbm ‘qaiMpuBS jo рвд aqj
‘jBjaojsiJB qsySuH Xmjuaa-qjuaajqgp uy
saaoM эшуэзя ohm iidoad
THE LANGUAGE
The next generation of computers will be
able to talk and even think for themselves.
They will contain electronic ‘neural networks’.
Of course, they’ll be still a lot simpler than
human brains, but it will be a great step for-
ward. Such computers will help to diagnose
illnesses, find minerals, understand and con-
trol the world’s money markets, identify crim-
inals and control space travel.
Computer revolution is changing our life
and our language, too. We are constantly
making up new words or giving new meanings
to old ones. Most of computer terms are bom
in Silicon Valley, the world’s top computer-
science centre.
Are you part of computer revolution ?
Do the following tasks and find out.
1. Choose an answer — a or b.
1.	A mouse is
50 YEARS AGO, people hadn’t even heard of
computers, and today we cannot imagine life
without them.
Computer technology is the fastest-growing
industry in the world. The first computer was
the size of a minibus and weighed a ton.
Today, its job can be done by a chip the size
of a pinhead. And the revolution is still going
on.
Very soon we’ll have computers that we’ll
wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and
earrings. Such wearable computers are being
developed in the USA.
Japan’s biggest mobile-phone company has
just released its cleverest product so far, the
i-mode, a mobile phone that allows you to
surf the Internet as well as make calls. People
are already using the phone to check the news
headlines, follow the stock market and down-
load the latest jokes. Soon they will be able to
buy cinema tickets and manage their bank
accounts.
a)	a small furry animal with a long tail
b)	a small box used to operate a computer
2.	To surf is
a)	to ride on board on the waves of the sea
b)	to move around the Internet
3.	A bug is
a)	a small insect
b)	an error in a computer program
4.	A flame is
a) a red or yellow burning gas seen when
something is on fire
b) an unfriendly or rude e-mail
5.	To boot is
a)	to kick
b)	to start a computer
6.	A geek [gi: k] is
a)	someone who bites the heads off
alive chickens as part of a show
b)	a person who knows everything
about computers
chip [tjip] чип, микросхема
wrist [nst] запястье
to develop [develop] разрабатывать
to release [n'lhs] выпускать (новую продукцию^
to surf the Internet
«бродить» по интернету
to follow the stock market [ stok ,ma:kit]
следить за уровнем цен на бирже
to download [ daunlaud] загружать,
«скачивать»
bank account ['baerjk o.kaunt] банковский
счет
neural network [ nju:rol 7netw3:k] нейронная
сеть
Silicon Valley Lsilikan vaeh] Силиконовая
долина (центр компьютерной индустрии,
расположенный в районе Сан-Франциско,
Калифорния)
28
OF COMPUTERS
7.	Spam is
a)	a type of tinned meat
b)	unwanted e-mails (from advertisers and
the like)
8.	A cookie is
a)	a biscuit
b)	a small text file that is sent to your com-
puter when you visit some websites. It's
used to store information about you for
the next time you visit that site — like
where you went on the site and what
you did.
2. Do this puzzle and you’ll read the name of
one of the most successful computer compa-
nies.
1.	This small box is used to operate
a computer.
2.	A document on your computer.
3.	A device which is used to transfer
photos and texts to your computer.
4.	To make a computer better or able to do
more things.
5.	This looks like a typewriter and
has the keys you need to press.
6.	It can be hard. It can be floppy.
7.	A device which allows your computer to
send messages along a telephone line.
8.	An unfriendly or rude e-mail.
9.	To start a computer.
3. Complete the sentences by using the words in
the box below.
INTERNET TV
Is it possible to have a TV set, a
(1) and the Internet all
in one?
With the advent of Internet TV it has
become a reality.
Imagine watching a film on TV and get-
ting (2)on the actors in
the film at the same time!
To enter (3) addresses
and write (4) you use a
remote control and an (5)
keyboard or an optional wireless keyboard.
By clicking a button, you can also read
adverts, (6)‘___________________’ with a
friend, plan your holiday and play your
favourite (7)games.
In the future you’ll be able to change
the plot of the film you’re watching and
meddle in the private lives of the charac-
ters.
The next (8)of Internet
TVs will also have a smart-card for shop-
ping, banking and other (9)
activities.
Web
information
interactive
e-mail
on-screen
chat
PC
generation
video
(See answers on page 61)
29
WAN 2 TLK? SO V
The joy of text
Text messaging is the smart way to com-
municate in the 21st century. Everyone
uses it — men and women, young and old.
Why? Because it's fun, it's simple... and
it's so addictive.
The biggest text maniacs are the young
— teenagers and twenty-somethings.
They send text messages to finalize
their infinitely flexible plans, to make a
date, to share a joke and... to flirt. And
they do it under the noses of their mums,
dads and even teachers.
Text f riends have created a whole new
language of their own.
Can you decipher this?
HOW R U?
OKNU?
OK CU2DAY?
NO 2MORO WER?
@ J'S. CUL8TR
LUVB
Here is the translation:
How are you?
OK and you?
OK. See you today?
No. Tomorrow. Where?
At John's. See you later.
Love, Bill.
Wd u... oops... would you like to learn this
language? Here's how to do it.
Basic rules:
The rules (if there are any) are:
1.	Make words as short as you can, e.g. wd
= would.
2.	Use a letter instead of a whole word
where possible, e.g. u = you.
3.	Use numbers instead of letters where
possible: gr8 - great, w8 - wait, 2 = to,
too, 4 = four, for...
4.	Use symbols — they look so beautiful
in the middle of a word! The percent-
age sign can be used for the "oo" sound
— sk%l - school, and c%l = cool. A dol-
lar sign ($) can be used instead of dou-
ble s.
5.	Use abbreviations for longer phrases,
for example,
LOL= Laughing
Out Loud,
ROFLMYHO =
Rolling on the
floor laughing
my head off.
6.	If in doubt,
write as you
please, ignoring
all the rules of
and
grammar
spelling.
text messaging [Tnesedjiri] отправка текстовых сообщений
smart [sma:t] ловкий, хитрый
to communicate [ke'mjirnikeit] общаться
addictive [e diktiv] вызывающий привычку, привыкание (часто
о наркотиках)
maniac [ memiaek] маньяк, любитель, фанат
to finalize ['fainalaiz] завершать, определяться
infinitely ['infinith] бесконечно, постоянно
flexible ['fleksabl] зд, меняющийся
to make a date назначить свидание
30
ОТ R U W8TING 4?
You can't do without them
Here are some basic words and phrases
that are essential for messages every-
where:
SMS
2
4
@
AON
В
B/C
c
CID
Esp
H2
ILBL8
OK
M8
M80
Mob
Msg
Nel/Neone
Neva
Nol
NMP
Ntl
OIC
Pls
Pobl
Ppi
R
RUF2T
Spk
Tho
Thnq
Thru
THX/TNX
Short message service
To/too/two
For
At
Any day now
Be
Because
See/sea
Consider it done
Especially
How to
I’ll be late
Okay
Mate
Matey
Mobile
Message
Anyone
Never
No one
Not my problem
Nevertheless
Oh, I see
Please
Possible
People
Are
Are you free to talk?
Speak
Though
Thank you
Through
Thanks
TNOTVS	There is nothing on TV so
и	You
un4gtebl	Unforgettable
UOK	You OK?
UR	Your/You’re
Usu	Usually
W/	With
WWW	World Wide Web/
	Why? Why? Why?
Wan2	Want to
Wknd	Weekend
W/O	Without
УМ	You mean
YR	Yeah, right!
Xlnt	Excellent
Cunning plans
Sot somewhere to go and someone to
tell? Here's how to text those important
details:
2day	Today
2moro	Tomorrow
ATM	At the moment
ASAP	As soon as possible
B4	Before
to share [Jea] a joke поделиться шуткой
to flirt флиртовать, кокетничать
to decipher [drsaifэ] расшифровывать
basic ['beisik] основной
symbol [ stmbl] символ
percentage [pa'sentid3] процент
abbreviation [a brirvreijr] сокращение
spelling орфография
essential [rsenjl] обязательный, необходимый
Consider it done Считай, что сделано
mate, matey [meit], [ rneiti] приятель
nevertheless [,nevede'les] тем не менее
cunning ['клппз] хитрый
to express opinion [e'pinjan] выражать мнение
as far as I know насколько мне известно
to be honest ['onist] честно говоря
to roll on the floor laughing кататься по полу от смеха
Just kidding Я просто шучу
to grin ухмыляться, широко улыбаться, скалить зубы
to yawn [p:n] зевать
31
CU	See you
CUL8R	See you later
b u wnt 2 go bo you want to go out
out 2nite	tonight?
L8	Late
L8r	Later
LMK	Let me know
Sec	Second
Wer r u	Where are you?
U@	(You at?)
W8	Wait
W8ing	Waiting
Expressing opinion
Want to express an opinion? Oh, go on.
It's easy when you are texting.
AFAIK	As far as I know
AFAIUI	As far as I understand it
ILBAT	I will be able to
IMO	In my opinion
IMS	I must Say
TBO	To be honest
E-motions	
Want to express your feelings? This is
how to do it.
BK	Big kiss
FbROTFL Falling down rolling on the
floor laughing
Gr8	Great
JK	Just kidding
LOL	Laugh out loud/ lots of love
TGIF	Thank God it's Friday
<G>	Grinning
<J>	Joking
<L>	Laughing
<O>	Shouting
<5>	Smiling
<Y>	Yawning
Virtual kisses
Like someone a lot? Tell them this way...
ILUVU	I love you
ILU	I love you
MAY	Mad about	you
X	Kiss
XOXOX	Hugs and kisses
Any questions?
An urgent need to ask, but don't want
everyone to hear? Just text.
F2T	Free to talk?
HUH	Have you heard
RUOK	Are you OK?
Wot	What?
Wadya	What do you...?
Answering back
Here is a list of swift and witty replies...
CB	Call back
IC	I see
IK	I know
PCM	Please call me
Sry	Sorry
SWbYT	So what do you think?
to be mad about smb быть страстно влюбленным в кого-
либо, сходить с ума
hugs and kisses крепко обнимаю, целую
urgent ['3:djant] need срочная необходимость
swift [swift] быстрый
witty ['witi] остроумный
reply [n'plai] ответ
to call back перезвонить
heated ['hi:tid] горячий, жаркий
to be impressed [imprest] быть под впечатлением
Leave me alone Оставь меня в покое
Mind your own business
He вмешивайся в чужие дела!
Pardon me for being rude [ru:d]
Извини за грубость
regards [n'ga:dz] привет
thanks in advance заранее благодарю
emoticon [rmeutikn] (emotion + icon) эмотикон
32
Heated exchanges
Not impressed with what you're hearing?
Tell the sender where to go.
LMA	Leave me alone
МУОВ	Mind your own business
OTL	Out to lunch
PMFBR	Pardon me for being rude
SWYP	So what's your problem?
:-l	Not talking
%-}-	Silly
:/)-	Not funny
:-0	Surprised/shocked
	Oops!
The last word
Here is how to have the last word.
АТВ	All the best
B4N	Bye for now
HAND	Have a nice day
Rgds	Regards
TIA	Thanks in advance
Ti2GO	Time to go
Emoticons As
Another way of expressing yourself is to
send an Emoticon with your message — a
little sideways face which shows how
you're feeling. Made from punctuation
marks on your keypad, they take up very
little space. The basic smiling face is just
a colon, a dash and a close bracket :-)
and yet when you rotate it, it becomes a
smile.
Some curious facts
• The Philippines has the world's highest
rate of text messaging, with about 74
million sent each day.
• At least 77% of British teenagers
have a mobile phone. Some schools fine
their pupils 5 pounds every time their
mobile phones ring during the lesson.
• 407o of 15 to 24 year olds use text
messaging to flirt, 40% use it to quietly
say "I love you". A heartless 13% of users
have used text messages to break off
relationships.
• A driver who sent up to 200 messages
a day has been admitted to a Danish med-
ical clinic to treat his addiction.
• Britons exchanged over fifty million
text messages on Valentine's Day, 2003.
E-valentines
Want to send a Valentine? Here are same
hints.
The examples below are the basic emoti-
cons in use:
WUBMV
Will you be my Valentine?
:-ll	Angry
:-(	Sad
:-)	Happy
:-))	Very happy
%-)	Confused
:'-(	Crying
:-D	Laughing/Grinning
:>	Devilish grin
{you}	Hug
Kiss
ILU
I love you
LUWAM<3
Love you with all my heart
Xoxoxoxo
Hugs and kisses
to express oneself выразить свои чувства
sideways ['saidweiz] косой, лежащий на боку
punctuation [,pAf]ktJu'eiJn] marks знаки препинания
keypad ['kkpsed] кнопочная панель на телефоне
to take up very little space занимать очень мало места
colon [ kouln] двоеточие
dash тире
close bracket ['brae kit] закрытая скобка
to rotate [reu'teit] вращать, поворачивать
confused [kanfju:zd] смущенный
devilish grin [,devhf 'grin] дьявольская усмешка
Philippines [ fihpi:nz] Филиппины
to fine штрафовать
heartless [turtles] бессердечный, жестокий
to break off a relationship разорвать отношения
to treat [trit] лечить
addiction [a'dikfn] привычка, зависимость
33
CRAZY ENGLISH ADJECTIVES
It is said that the adjective is the enemy of the noun. That may be true,
but adjectives are still very useful words. They add information to a sentence,
and tell us more about people and things.
1. What adjectives would you use to describe these people?
1.	Linda wants to become a top fashion
designer.
2.	Nick always makes everybody laugh.
3.	Bob often buys things for his brothers and
sisters.
4.	Sue learns quickly and understands new
things easily.
5.	Phil is never worried that he’s going to
do something wrong or say something
stupid.
6.	It’s so easy to upset Arm. If you say the
wrong thing you will hurt her feelings.
7.	Jane never does anything stupid.
8.	Paul only thinks of his own needs and
never thinks about other people.
9.	Dick often promises to do things but half
the time he forgets.
10.	Jessica never shows her feelings.
intelligent sensible self confident reserved generous
ambitious sensitive unreliable selfish funny
2. Can you do the chainword on the opposite page?
1.	красивый	18.	глухой	36.	честный
2.	низкий	19.	знаменитый	37.	вкусный
3.	деревянный	20.	глупый	38.	молодой
4.	новый	21.	немой	39.	щедрый
5.	теплый	22.	смелый	40.	тонкий, стройный
6.	современный	23.	европейский	41.	таинственный
7.	шумный	24.	голый	42.	сладкий
8.	желтый	25.	мертвый	43.	талантливый
9.	неправильный,	26.	дорогой	44.	скучный
	ошибочный	27.	правильный, верный	45.	длинный
10.	золотой	28.	худой, тонкий	46.	нежный
11.	опасный	29.	нервный	47.	дорогой,
12.	серьезный	30.	печальный		дорогостоящий
13.	сильный	31.	глубокий	48.	отличный
14.	большой, великий	32.	гордый	49.	ужасный
15.	высокий	33.	влажный, сырой	50.	пустой
16.	светлый; легкий	34.	бедный		
17.	уставший	35.	богатый		(See answers on page 61)
34
35
ARE YOU AN EXPEI
1.	A long journey by sea.
2.	This language is understood in nearly every
corner of the world.
3.	A place where tourists usually stay when trav-
elling.
4.	How does it take to get from
Moscow to New York?
5.	This book gives you information about a coun-
try you are going to visit.
6.	The English for “экзотический".
7.	You need it if you want to take a picture.
8.	Let's meet the railway station.
9.	A person who travels.
10.	When in Rome, do as the do.
11.	Tourists spend most of their time seeing the
12.	A large boat that is used for travelling by sea.
13.	You need this document if you travel abroad.
14.	What you need to get onto a train or a plane.
15.	The English for “туризм”.
16.	Madame Tussaud’s is a in London.
17.	It helps you not to get lost.
18.	You must be careful of this person in some
cities: a p-ck------1.
19.	This language is spoken in Turkey.
20.	American slang for “hello".
21.	The opposite of “boring”.
22.	You’ll see the Parthenon if you go to this
country.
23.	A large Australian bird which has a long neck
36
and long legs but cannot fly.
24.	The English for “метро".
25.	If you go to the USA, you'll have to change
roubles for.
26.	You carry clothes and other things in it when
travelling.
27.	If you go to this country, you’ll be able to see
the pyramids.
28.	They’ll go___________London for their holi-
days this year.
29.	What’s at the Bolshoi Theatre
tonight?
30.	Is there a cafe here?
31.	British drivers drive on the left side of the
road. Russian drivers drive on the
side of the road.
32.	The English for “чаевые”.
33.	The fastest way to get from Moscow to London
is by .
34.	Have you been to Australia?
35.	The English for “дорога”.
36.	This language is spoken in Holland.
37.	To travel by getting rides in other people’s
cars, usually by standing at the side of the
road and signalling to drivers: h—ch—-e.
38.or West, home is best.
39.	The English for “такси”.
40.	This language is spoken in Italy.
41.	You’ve n—r been to New Zealand, have you?
42.	The Mississippi is a.
(See answers on page 61)
IENCED TRAVELLER?
Countries and Cities Puzzle
Fill in the squares and read a proverb.
1.	The capital of Sweden.
□□□□□□□□□
2.	This city is often called the capital of the world.
□□□□□
3.	The capital of this country is Oslo.
□□□□□□
4.	This city, situated on the River Nile, is the home
of one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World.
□□□□□
5.	A person who comes from Australia is called an
□□□□□□□□□□
6.	This beautiful city was once the capital of Russia.
□□ □□□□□□□□□□
7.	The language spoken in China.
□□□□□□□
8.	The capital of the largest country in the world.
□□□□□□
9.	When in Rome, do as the.
□□□□□□
10.	The capital of Japan.
□□□□□
11.	The flag of this country is often called the Maple
Leaf.
□□□□□□
12.	Mozart was bom in this country.
□□□□□□□
13.	Great Britain consists of England,
and Wales.
□□□□□□□□
14,	London stands on the River.
□□□□□□
(See answers on page 61)
Did you know?
•	In English, the names of all the continents end
with the same letter that they start with:
Europe, Asia, Australia, etc.
•	Canada is a Native American word meaning
'Big Village’.
•	The world's longest place name is
Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagun-
gamaugg, the name of a lake in Webster, USA.
It's a Native American word.
37
DO YOU ENJOY FEELING
SCARED?
Do you enjoy feeling scared? Do the quiz and find out.
Read the story carefully. Then choose the explanation you like best. You will find out whether you
enjoy feeling scared, are crazy about mystery, or whether you are a logical person.
By the time Robbie got back to his uncle’s,
everyone else had already sat down to dinner.
Robbie took his place at the long table in the dark
old dining room. He real-
ly didn’t like staying at
his uncle’s house; he
found it a bit frightening,
and the constant rain and
wind added to the chilling
atmosphere.
It had been another
long, boring day. He had
spent the morning in
lessons, then he had
helped Aunt Margaret in
the garden before he met
the new friends he had
made. The best part of
the day had been the
football match with his
friends. His cousin Helen,
The Thing
who sat opposite him at the table was, as usual,
ignoring him.
'Have you heard?* asked Uncle Mark. 'There’s
been another victim of the "Thing”, as everyone’s
starting to call it?
'Oh, no! The sixth one already!’ said Aunt
Margaret. 'Who was it this time? Another child?’
'Arthur Grimsby,’ replied Helen excitedly.
'Apparently when they found him in his bed this
What has happened?
Choose the explanation you like best:
1.	The Thing has attacked Helen.
It is a ghost or a vampire.
2.	Robbie was so scared that he started
to imagine things. The scream Robbie
heard was his own.
3.	Robbie probably fell asleep and was having
a nightmare.
morning, the Thing had struck. He was as white as
a sheet and was staring into the distance, looking
terrified.’
‘Poor	Arthur!’
exclaimed Aunt
Margaret. ‘Are they sure
it’s the Thing?’
‘Well, his symptoms
are exactly the same as
the others’: he can’t
speak, he’s stiff as a
board and he’s got those
strange marks on his neck
and tongue. There’s no
doubt it’s the Thing,
whatever that is!’ said
Uncle Mark.
‘Selina says he looked
as if he’d seen something
really horrifying. Perhaps
he had,’ added Helen.
They finished their meal in silence.
After they had eaten, Robbie went slowly
upstairs to his room. He was still thinking about
the conversation at dinner and now he was really
frightened. He must forget about the Thing or he
wouldn’t sleep. He shut his eyes tightly and
thought of home. As he was falling asleep, the
wind blew his window open and a hair-raising,
blood-curdling scream filled his head.
What your answer says about you:
1.	You love mystery. You believe there are things which
don’t have a logical explanation and accept that some
things are beyond our comprehension.
2.	You love feeling scared. You like to imagine the worst
and you think feeling scared is exciting. You probably
enjoy horror films and dangerous rides at funfairs.
3.	You have your feet on the ground. For you, every prob-
lem has a logical solution and you don’t believe in the
supernatural. You are a logical person and are not easily
scared.
chilling [IJihg] страшный, жутковатый
victim pviktim] жертва
excitedly [ik'sartidh] взволнованно
apparently [a'pserenth] по-видимому,
очевидно
strike [straik] (struck) нанести удар
stiff as a board окаменевший
tightly f'taith] плотно
hair-raising ['hea/eizig] ужасный
blood-curdling ['blAd,k3:dlig] леденящий
кровь
nightmare pnaitmea] кошмар
beyond comprehension [brjond
kompri'henfn] за гранью понимания
solution [se'lujn] объяснение
supernatural hs(j)u:p0'naet]iol]
с верхъестествен н ы й
From Highflier by A. Acevedo
and M.S. Gower
© 2001 Pearson Education Company
38
SCARY STORY
The story below is mixed up. Can you unjumble it?
(a)
Soon James stopped asking questions and they
drove along without talking. Coming into London
there were more cars and James had to drive more
slowly. Suddenly the young woman started to open
the door so James stopped the car quickly. They
were in front of a house on a long street. The
woman opened the door and got out of the car,
then she slowly walked up to the front door of the
house. James watched her and thought angrily,
‘She didn’t say “Thank you”.’
(b)
He stopped, opened the window and asked the
young woman, ‘Where are you going? It’s danger-
ous to stand here at night ... perhaps I can take
you to London with me.’ The young woman didn’t
answer but she opened the door of the car and got
in.
(c)
One evening a man called James was on the road
from Oxford to London. There weren’t many cars
on the road because it was late. Suddenly in the
lights of his car he saw a woman by the road —
she was quite young and very pretty. "It’s danger-
ous to walk along the road when it’s dark and
late/ he thought.
(d)
Three days later he opened the back door of his
car and found a coat. ‘This isn’t my coat,’ he
thought. Then he remembered the young woman.
Perhaps it was her coat. He had to drive to
London again that evening so he thought, 4’11 take
her coat back ... I remember the street and the
house? He drove there, parked in front of the
house and walked up to the door. An older woman
answered.
(e)
‘Does a young woman live here?’ he asked. ‘I
think this is her coat — she left it in my car three
days ago.’
The woman looked at the coat and began to cry.
‘That was my daughter’s coat. She died five years
ago in a road accident. It happened on the road
between Oxford and London.’
(D
James asked here a lot of questions: ‘What’s your
name? Where do you live? Why are you on the
road at night? Is your family in London? Where
are your friends? Have you got any money? Are
you hungry?’ The young woman sat next to James
but she said nothing. Not one word. She only
looked at the road.
BOO!
Fill the gaps and enjoy a scary Halloween story. Use
the box below.
She didn’t like it (1)when her father
had to go down to London and, (2)the
first time, she (3)to sleep
(4)in the old house.
She went up to her bedroom early. She
(5)the key and (6)the
door. She (7)the windows and drew
the (8). She peered (9)her
wardrobe, and pulled open the bottom drawer
(10)her chest-of-drawers; she got
down on her (11)and
(12)under the bed.
She undressed; she put on her (13).
She pulled back the (14)linen cover
and climbed into (15). Not to read
(16)to try and sleep — she wanted to
sleep as soon (17)she could. She
reached out and turned off the (18).
‘That’s good,’ said a little voice. ‘Now we’re safely
locked in for the night.’
K. Crossley-Holland
but as of for inside at all
lamp nightdress bed curtains
looked locked closed turned had
alone knees heavy
to draw [dro:] (drew, drawn) задернуть
to peer [pie] заглядывать
drawer ['droe] ящик комода
chest-of-drawers комод
linen [limn] cover льняное покрывало
to reach out ['ri:tf ,aut] протянуть руку
(See answers on page 61)
39
CRAZY ANTO MYMS
Shrek is kind
Princess Fiona
is beautiful.
Princess Fiona is tall.
Lord Farquaad is short
Shrek is fat.
Princess Fiona is slim
Antonyms are words which
are opposite in meaning.
Here are some interesting
examples:
Princess Fiona
is ugly.
Shrek is dirty.
Princess Fiona is clean
Shrek is angry.
Can you complete the chainword on the opposite page?
1. expensive	14. friend
2. past	15. no
3. thick	16.happy
4. south	17. to attack
5. low	18. safe (безопасный)
6. goodbye	19. often
7. to close	20. maxi
8. always	21. out
9. to forget	22. old (about things)
10. to fall ill	23. man
11. left	24.far
12. short (about people) 25. poor	
13. to hate	26. wife
. wet
28.	old (about people)
29.	host
30.	that
31.	weak
32.	bad
33.	alive
34.	easy
35.	now
36.	day
37.	lie
38.	cold
39.	bottom
40.	to fail (an exam)
41.	to buy
42.	illegal
43.	to borrow
44.	advantage
45.	nothing
46.	boy
47.	to find
48.	west
49.	to give
50.	full
(See answers on page 61)
40
1
9f-
41
THE LANGUAGE
OF LOVE
Can you complete this chainword?
42
3.	Do you believe in love at first?
4.	One romantic summer evening when we were
walking in the park he proposed me.
5.	When Jim asked me to marry him I was
the moon.
6.	Love makes the world go.
7.	We met on a blind.
8.	On our fifth date he asked me to marry him and
we got. A month later we got married.
9.	Beauty is only skin.
10.	To the question means 'to ask someone
to marry you.’
11.	The English for	/
‘страсть’.
12.	The opposite of ‘yes’.	trLff
13.	When I was at school I
had a crush our
chemistry teacher.
14.	According to a popular s-
British superstition, the
bride should wear 'something old, something
, something borrowed, something blue.’
15.	A marriage ceremony is called a.
16.	My grandparents have been married for 50
years. They are celebrating their
anniversary on Saturday.
17.	She used to be in love with Tim, but she
is in love with his brother.
18.	you marry me?
19.	All you need is. (the Beatles)
20.	And they lived happily after.
21.
 are red,
Violets are blue,
Honey’s sweet
And so are you.
22.	The English for ‘возлюбленный’.
23.	I invited her home to meet my parents and my
mother took her immediately.
24.	Everybody knows the story _________Romeo and
Juliet.
25.	St Valentine’s Day is celebrated on the 14th of
26.	The opposite of ‘no’.
27.	The season of love.
28.	Green is sometimes called Britain’s wed-
ding capital.
29.	At first everything went well, but slowly they
grew . In the end they split up.
30.	'I love you.’ ‘I love you’.
31.	We’ve been going with one another for
three weeks.
32.
I dream about you
Every night.
Be my Valentine
And hold me 
33.	To tell you the, I don’t like Jane’s new
boyfriend. I don’t understand what she sees in
him.
34.	The English for ‘медовый месяц’.
(See answers on page 61)
43
THE WORLD Ol
HOW GOOD ARE YOU AT SPORTS VOCABULARY?
1. Match the picture
and the sport.
a.	horse-racing
b.	mountain biking
c.	karate
d.	surfing
e.	golf
f.	rafting
g.	bungee jumping
h.	snowboarding
i.	windsurfing
j.	skydiving
k.	skateboarding
1.	mountaineering
44
SPORT
2. Match the sport and the description.
1. tennis a. is done in water
2.jogging
3.	swimming
4.	fencing
5.	skiing
6.	skating
7.	rowing
8.	hockey
9.	sailing
10.	boxing
b.	a boat is needed for it
c.	is a team sport
d.	is played by two or four with
a ball
e.	can be done alone
f.	can only be done by two
g.	wind is necessary
h.	is done on ice
i.	swords are used for it
j.	snow is necessary for it
3.	What do you call a person who...
a.	plays golf
b.	rides a bicycle_____
c.	plays tennis
d.	rides horses in races
e.	drives cars in races
f.	does the high jump
g.	runs fast over short distances
h.	does gymnastics
i.	throws a discus
j.	does windsurfing
4.	Match the sport with the location.
a. golf	1. rink
b. boxing	2. pool
c. tennis	3. stadium
d. swimming	4. pitch
e. football	5. court
f. athletics	6. ring
g. ice-skating	7. course
(See answers on page 62)
Which of the two?
Both referee and umpire are judges. Referee is
used in connection with basketball, boxing, foot-
ball, hockey, rugby, lacrosse, and wrestling.
Umpire is used in connection with badminton,
baseball, cricket, swimming, tennis and volley-
ball.
Do You Speak Snowboard?
Snowboarding is not only a sport but also a way of
life, with its own style, music, clothing and lan-
guage. Here are some words for you to know if
you want to be a snowboarder:
freshie: fresh snow
going fat: flying high into the air
goofy-footed: people who stand on the board
with their left foot first (most people have their
right foot first)
a hit: a jump
pow pow: powder snow
to ride: to snowboard
sick: scary or excellent — or both
Surfer Slang
Surf’s up! It means that the waves are great for
surfing.
big wave: a wave more than 4.5 metres high, hav-
ing a 9-metre face
sick wave: a really good wave
pipeline: having the top of the wave curve over
you, making a tube
to get tubed: to surf inside the pipeline
to drop in: to “catch” a wave; to begin to ride a
wave
to slash: to ride down, then turn back into a
wave in a zigzag fashion
to do an aerial: to hit the top of a wave, go out
of it, then turn back into it
right of way (surfer etiquette): the person closest
to the peak of a wave has a right to ride it before
other surfers
to snake: to break the right-of-way rule, to drop
in on someone else’s wave
It’s not cricket
The game of cricket has given a useful phrase
to the English language. If a man says that
something is ‘not
cricket’, he means
it’s unfair, un-
sporting and un-
English. ‘It’s not
cricket’ to run off
with your best
friend’s girl. ‘It’s
not cricket’ to
kick a man when
he is already
down. Today, the
expression is used
mostly by older
generation or
jokingly.
45
THE LANGU/
1. Match the picture and the crime.
2. What do we call a person who...?
(a)	shoplifting
(b)	murder
(c)	terrorism
(d)	burglary
(e)	kidnapping
(f)	mugging
(g)	pickpocketing
(h)	vandalism
1.	steals things from people’s pockets in
crowded places
2.	betrays his or her country to another
state
3.	takes away people by force and
demands money for their return
4.	buys and sells drugs illegally
5.	breaks into houses and other buildings
to steal
46
GE OF CRIME
6.	takes control of a plane by force and
makes the pilot change the course
7.	makes false money or signatures
8.	gets secret information from another
country
9.	brings goods into a country illegally
without paying tax
10.	threatens to tell other people your
secrets if you don’t pay him money
(a)	forger
(b)	blackmailer
(c)	burglar
(d)	spy
(e)	kidnapper
(f)	smuggler
(g)	pickpocket
(h)	traitor
(i)	drug dealer
(j)	hijacker
3.	To steal or to rob?
The object of the verb ‘steal’ is the
thing which is taken away, for example:
Someone stole my bicycle while I was
in the shop.
The object of the verb ‘rob’ is the per-
son or place from which things are stolen:
I’ve been robbed!
Last night three masked men robbed
the National Bank.
Which verb would you use in the
following sentences?
1.	The gangsters planned to 
a bank.
2.	There’s a risk that rival companies will
_______________our ideas.
3.	I know who my watch.
4.	Last night a gang of masked men
 a shop. They
$2000.
4.	If you do this puzzle, you’ll read the name
of a notorious criminal, whose crimes have
never been solved and whose mysterious
personality has inspired thousands of books,
songs, movies and even a rock opera.
1.	The English for “судья”.
2.	The English for “шантажировать”.
3.	Sherlock Holmes’ profession.
4.	A synonym of “murderer”.
5.	The English for “свидетель”.
6.	The plural of “thief’.
7.	The criminal was(d) to three
years in prison.
8.	The English for “приговор”, “вердикт”.
9.	Criminals are sent to..
10.	The English for “шпион”.
11.	The English for “сообщник”,
“соучастник”.
12.	James Bond was a secret.
13.	Who said, “All twelve of us think that he
is guilty”?
(See answers on page 62)
47
TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH
There are proverbs and sayings in every language.
They are handed down from generation to generation and are supposed to have a universal value.
People use them to give a word of advice or of warning, or a wise general comment on a situa-
tion. In fact, our daily conversation would seem rather dull without them.
1. Some English and Russian proverbs are common and can be translated word by word from
one language into another. For example, ‘There’s no smoke without fire’ has the Russian equiv-
alent «Нет дыма без огня». With others, the meaning of the proverb can be expressed in differ-
ent ways. For example, ‘Once bitten, twice shy’ can be expressed in Russian by «Обжегшись
на молоке, будешь дуть и на воду» or «Пуганая ворона куста боится». Below are some
English proverbs. See if you can match them with their Russian equivalents.
1.	Still waters run deep.
2.	Birds of a feather flock together.
3.	The leopard cannot change his spots.
4.	Every cloud has a silver lining.
5.	Rome was not built in a day.
6.	Blood is thicker than water.
7.	Necessity is the mother of invention.
8.	Don’t carry coals to Newcastle.
9.	Haste makes waste.
10.	Too many cooks spoil the broth.
11.	Like father, like son.
12.	Every family has a black sheep.
13.	Make hay while the sun shines.
14.	There is no place like home.
15.	You can take a horse to the water,
but you cannot make him drink.
а.	Москва не сразу строилась.
b.	Своя рубашка ближе к телу.
с.	Поспешишь — людей насмешишь.
d.	В тихом омуте черти водятся.
е.	У семи нянек дитя без глазу.
f.	В семье не без урода.
g.	Горбатого могила исправит.
h.	Рыбак рыбака видит издалека.
i.	В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше.
j.	Яблоко от яблони недалеко падает.
к.	В Тулу со своим самоваром не ездят.
1.	Насильно мил не будешь.
т.	Нет худа без добра.
п. Куй железо, пока горячо.
о. Голь на выдумки хитра.
2. Can you complete the following proverbs?
1.	When the cat is away
2.	Where there’s a will
3.	Better late
4.	Look
5.	What’s done
6.	An apple a day
7.	One man’s meat
8.	Honesty
9.	A new broom
10.	All’s well
ll.	A friend in need
12.	A bird in the hand
13.	No news
14.	So many men,
15.	All that glitters
a)	that ends well.
b)	is not gold.
c)	is another man’s poison.
d)	sweeps clean.
e)	is a friend indeed.
f)	is worth two in the bush.
g)	is good news.
h)	keeps the doctor away.
i)	so many minds.
j)	the mice will play.
k)	can’t be undone.
1)	is the best policy.
m)	than never.
n) before you leap.
o) there’s a way.
(See answers on page 62)
48
ON PUNCTUATION
Punctuation can often say
quite a lot. One day, as a
teacher walked into her class-
room, she heard Tommy
Andrews whisper to the boy
next to him: ‘Here is the
teacher. I’ll bet the silly cow is
going to talk about putting in
commas.’ The teacher didn’t
say anything but she began to
talk about putting in commas,
and explained how important
they could be. To show what
she meant, she wrote the sen-
tence on the blackboard:
‘Tommy Andrews says the
teacher is a silly cow.’ The class
laughed and Tommy Andrews
looked very red. ‘Now,’ said the
teacher, ‘I’ll show how impor-
tant commas are.’ She put two
commas into the sentence, and
it now read: ‘Tommy Andrews,
says the teacher, is a silly cow.’
Can you punctuate the following sentences?
1. King Charles the First walked and talked half an hour after his head was cut off.
2. Caesar entered on his head his helmet on his feet his sandals in his hand his good sword in
his eye a fierce look.
KIDNAPPERS' LETTER
Two men have kidnapped the son of a millionaire. They are going to send him a letter, and they
have cut these words out of a newspaper. Can you put the words in the correct order?
1- / SON\\WE’VE\ YOUR? \ GOT
your SOOJ) f NEVER \ f §EE
(See answers on page 62)
AMERICAN ENGLISH
‘It was decided almost two hundred years ago
that English should be the language spoken in
the United States. It is not known, however,
why this decision has not been carried out.’
George Mikes
‘We are two countries separated by a com-
mon language."	a R Shaw
English in America
For 150 years America was a British colony.
At that time British and American English
were almost exactly the same. When America
won the War of Independence in 1776, it
became a free country. In 1782, its citizens
were proudly christened ‘Americans’, and in
1802, US leaders began to talk about ‘the
American language’.
The USA was quickly growing richer and
more powerful. Millions of Europeans came to
America to start a new life there. There were
settlers from Italy, Germany, Spain, Ireland,
France and other countries and all of them
brought new words and expressions to the lan-
guage. The USA became a ‘melting pot’ of
cultures. As a result, English in America began
to develop a character of its own and today,
there are certain differences in pronunciation,
grammar, vocabulary and spelling between
American and British English.
Different sounds
First of all, British and American English
sound differently. Often, Americans don’t say
each word separately. They say several words
together. Americans may say T dunno’ instead
of T don’t know.’ Or they may say ‘Whaddya
say?’ instead of ‘What did you say?’ The
British are more careful in their speech.
Also, some letters have different sounds.
For example, Americans pronounce the ‘a’ in
half, past and last as [ae].
How to speak New Yorkese
In New York City, many people have a way of
speaking English that is called New Yorkese.
Speakers of New Yorkese often speak very fast.
Unlike other Americans, they tend not to pro-
nounce the ‘r’ in words that end in ‘er.’ But they do
pronounce the ‘r’ in the wrong words. They add the
letter at the end of words such as ‘idear1 (idea) and
‘sofer’ (sofa).
If you are a movie fanatic, you may have heard
New Yorkese from Robert De Niro or Woody
Allen.
My English has gotten better
There are some grammatical differences between
British and American variants. In British English,
the past participle of get is ‘got’. In American
English, the past participle of get is ‘gotten.’
vs (сокр. от versus) против
to carry out выполнять, осуществлять
to christen ['knsn] давать имя, называть
settler ['setlo] поселенец
melting pot [jreltir) pot] «плавильный котел» (место
смешения рас и народов)
to develop [drvelap] проявлять, обнаруживать
verbal [ v3:bal] misunderstanding недоразумение, вызванное
неправильным пониманием слова
vice versa [,vaisi Л/з:зе] лат. наоборот
to cause trouble причинять беспокойство
to scrape скрести, царапать (ср.: skyscraper небоскреб)
50
VS BRITISH ENGLISH
American English accepts the use of the
Simple Past tense where British English
requires Present Perfect:
Did you see him yet?
He just went out.
Did you go there already?
Different prepositions
There are a number of interesting Anglo-
American differences in the use of certain prepo-
sitions.
The British talk to their friends, the
Americans talk with them.
The British look out of the window, throw
something out of the window, and even fall out
of the window. Americans simply look out the
window.
Americans check out the situation, while the
British check up on it.
If the British do not go out, they stay at
home. Americans stay home.
Citizens of the UK sit down to write to their
friends. Holders of the US passports simply write
their friends.
Verbal misunderstanding
Some American words are simply unknown on
the other side of the Atlantic, and vice versa.
But a lot of words exist in both variants, and
these can cause trouble.
In his book How to Scrape Skies George
Mikes gives several examples of this verbal
misunderstanding: 'You must be extremely
careful concerning the names of certain arti-
cles. If you ask for suspenders in a man's
shop, you receive a pair of braces, if you ask
for a pair of pants, you receive a pair of
trousers and should you ask for a pair of
braces, you receive a queer look.'
British visitors to America are often sur-
prised at the different meanings that familiar
words have acquired there. If an Englishman
asks in an American store for a vest, he will be
offered a waistcoat. If he wants to buy a hand-
bag for his wife, he should ask for a purse,
and if she wants to buy a pair of tights, she
should ask for pantyhose: tights in America
are what ballet dancers wear.
What shall we wear?
British			American
trousers	pants
pants	underwear
jumper	sweater
trainers	sneakers
dressing gown	bathrobe
tights	pantyhose
The opposites
The misunderstanding is worse when a word
means the opposite in the two variants. One
extremely [ik'strrmli] очень, чрезвычайно
concerning [ken's3:nig] относительно, касательно
article предмет, вещь, изделие
suspenders [ses'pendaz] брит, подвязки; амер, подтяжки
braces фигурные скобки; брит, подтяжки
pants брит, трусы; амер, брюки
queer [kwia] странный, подозрительный
to acquire [e'kwaio] приобретать
store = Br.E. shop
vest брит. майка; амер, жилет
waistcoat [ weistkeut] жилет
51
Harry Potter Dictionary
When the Harry Potter books were edited for
American readers some changes were made in
J.K. Rowling's original text. Here are some of them:
British edition
Philosopher's Stone
toilet
wardrobe
cooker
motorbike
cine-camera
football
sherbet lemon
ice lolly
jacket potato
sweets
sweet shop
tinned soup
puddings
biscuits
beetroot
packet of crisps
jumper
dressing gown
trainers
holiday
queue
post
mummy
cinema
changing room
mad
American edition
Sorcerer's Stone
bathroom
closet
stove
motorcycle
video camera
soccer
lemon drop
ice pop
baked potato
candy
candy shop
canned soup
desserts
cookies
beet
bag of chips
sweater
bathrobe
sneakers
vacation
line
mail
mommy
movies
locker room
crazy
American author was distressed when his
British publisher told him on the telephone
that his latest book was a bomb in Britain. In
America to ‘bomb’ — it is not normally used
as a noun — is to flop.
Be careful
If you travel in the USA, don't use the word
‘toilet’! The American word for a public toilet is
'restroom'. In Britain, however, it's OK to say,
‘Excuse me. Could you tell me where the
toilet is?’
Understatement and realism
Yet some of the most striking differences
between the two variants are not in vocabulary
but in usage. Britons in many areas of life still
tend towards understatement. Americans to
hyperbole.
English
understatement
I suppose this meat
could perhaps be a lit-
tle more tender.
Our hotel room was
not exactly the Ritz.
His speech could really
have been a little more
interesting.
American
realism
This meat is as tough
as old boots!
The room was awful.
It w as the dullest
speech I've ever heard.
It is said that this difference once had dan-
gerous consequences during the Korean War.
A British officer called on the Americans for
air support. The American major said that all
his aircraft were assigned to other missions
that day, and asked, 'How bad is your posi-
tion?'
'It's pretty sticky,' said the British officer.
Any Briton would understand immediately
that the situation was desperate.
But the American major decided that there
was some difficulty but the situation was far
from critical. There was no air support...
purse [ps:s] брит, кошелек; амер, дамская сумочка
tights [tarts] брит, колготки
pantyhose ['paentihauz] амер, колготки
ballet dancer ['baelei zda:nse] балерина
distressed [drstrest] огорченный, пораженный
bomb [bom] брит. разг, сенсация; амер. разг, неудача, провал
to flop амер. разг, потерпеть неудачу
understatement [/nde'steitmont] недоговоренность,
сдержанность высказывания
striking поразительный
to tend towards быть склонным к
hyperbole [hai'p3:beli] преувеличение, гипербола
consequences ['konsekwensiz] последствия
air support [,еа so'po:t] поддержка с воздуха
major l/meid^e] майор
his aircraft were assigned to other missions его самолеты
были отправлены на выполнение других заданий
sticky [ stiki] сложный, очень неприятный
desperate [ desprit] безнадежный
was far from critical была далеко не критической
52
AMERICAN ENGLISH QUIZ
1. How many Americanisms can you find in
this poem?
Sing a Song of People
Sing a song of people
Walking fast or slow;
People in the city,
Up and down they go,
People on the sidewalk;
People on the bus;
People passing, passing,
In back and front of us,
People on the subway
Underneath the ground;
People riding taxis
Round and round and round.
People with their hats on,
Going in the doors;
People with umbrellas
When it rains and pours.
People in tall buildings
And in stores below;
Riding elevators
Up and down they go.
People walking singly,
People in a crowd;
People saying nothing,
People talking loud.
People laughing, smiling.
Grumpy people too;
People who just hurry
And never look at you!
Sing a song of people
Who like to come and go;
Song of city people
You see but never know!
Lois Lenski
2. Look at these examples of communication.
Which of them were produced by American
speakers?
1.	The weather was real nice.
2.	Have you got a problem?
3.	I’m not hungry. 1 just had lunch.
4.	Could I have the bill please?
5.	I’ve never really gotten to know him.
6.	Please write me soon.
7.	The injured man was taken to the hospital.
8.	The weather’s terrible. I’d rather stay at
home.
9.	We’re leaving in the autumn.
10.	I looked out the window and saw a tall
dark man.
11.	I’ve run out of petrol.
12.	One-way or round trip?
3. Can you do this puzzle? Give American
equivalents for the following British words:
1.	lift	6.	holidays	11. petrol
2.	post	7.	autumn	12. queue
3.	timetable 8.	trousers	13. film
4.	flat	9.	dinner jacket 14. shop
5.	ill	10. sweets	15. maths
53
MURDER MYSTERY
Can you put the verbs in the correct form and solve this detective puzzle?
TREVOR STERN was not a popular man,
in spite of his wealth. He (1) lived (live) in a
large house about a mile outside the village of
Prent on. When he (2) was found (find) dead
in his study, no one (3) cried (cry), not even
his only daughter. It was soon clear that he
(4) ...............................(murder).
Detective Inspector Blackledge took state-
ments from his widow, Dorothy, his seven-
teen-year-old daughter, Lucy,
his business partner, Gerald
Brook, and his doctor.
1 (5) ........ (not/love) my husband, he
was a cold and selfish man. But 1 (6)
............. (not/murder)	him, either. After
dinner last night he said he (7) ............
(want) to check some business papers in his
study. He (8) ............. (have) a meeting
with Gerald, his business partner, the next
morning. He (9) ............. (ask) for some
tea. That was about 9 o'clock. I (10)
................ (watch)	a rather exciting film
on television, so I (11) ................ (tell)
Lucy to take it to him. At quarter past nine
Doctor Emerson (12) .................. (call).	I
(13) .............. (notice)	the time because
we (14) ........... (expect)	him to come ear-
lier. I (15) ...... (answer)	the front door
bell. Trevor (16)............... (still/shout) in
his study. He and Lucy (17).............(obvi-
ously/have) a serious row. So I (18)
	 (take)	the doctor into the sitting-
room for a moment. Then Trevor stopped
(19) ..... (shout).	I guessed Lucy (20)
......... (go) out by the back door. Doctor
Emerson went to the study. I think he wanted
to persuade Trevor (21).............(go) to the
hospital for some tests, but Trevor (22)
................ (not/want) to go. I (23)
................ (hear)	him shouting again several
times over the next twenty minutes. He called
him an ignorant country doctor, and later he
said something like ‘There's nothing you can
do!’ I think Lucy (24) ................ (come)
into the house while the doctor (25)
................. (still/talk) to Trevor. I (26)
.................(hear)	the front door bang dur-
ing a quiet few seconds when Trevor (27)
....................... (not/shout). I was tired and
fed up and went to my bedroom soon after
that. My sister (28) . (phone)	and
we (29) ............... (talk)	for ages. I (30)
............ (tell)	her I (31) ...............
(decide) to leave Trevor.
Mum (32) ................... (watch)	some
stupid film after dinner, so she made me (33)
54
............. (take) Dad’s tea into his study.
It was about nine o'clock. He was in a really
mean mood. He shouted at me because 1 (34)
............. (spill) a few drops of tea on
his desk while 1 (35) ................. (pour)
it. I (36) .............. (not/want)	to watch
the film so I (37)..............(creep)	out by
the back door. I (38) ............... (decide)
to go down to the village and use the public
phone to call Alan. He's my boyfriend. 1 (39)
	 (never/like)	Mum or Dad to
be around when I (40) ........
(talk) to him. Especially yesterday, because
Dad and I (41) ....................... (have) a
stupid argument about Alan the day before. It
(42) .................. (normally/take)	quarter
of an hour to walk to the village. Perhaps it
(43) ................... (take) less time last
night. I can’t prove I (44).............. (go)
to the village. No one (45) ...................
(see) me when I (46) .................. (walk)
into the village. I (47) ............... (see)
Gerald, that's Dad’s business partner. He (48)
................ (stand) near the window in
his sitting-room. He (49) .....................
(not/see) me, though, because it was dark
outside. He (50) ..................... (talk) on
the phone, I think. Alan (51)............
(not/answer) the phone. Then I
......................... (remember)	he
	 (tell)	me he
...................................... (play) in a concert
evening. So I (55) ..................
(walk) home again, I (56) ...............
(meet) Gerald just before I (57)
...................... (reach)	our house. He
(58) .................... (look)	for his dog. That
was about twenty to ten. 1 came in by the
back door as quietly as possible and went to
bed. I didn’t want to see my parents again that
evening.
(52)
(53)
(54)
that
I (59) .................... (call) at the
Sterns' house at nine-fifteen, I (60)
............... (be) rather later than I (61)
............... (plan) to be because I
(62) .......... (visit) another
patient. When Mrs Stern (63)
................ (let) me into the house she
(64) ...........(seem) rather embar-
rassed and (65) ........ (show)
me into the sitting-room, I could hear Trevor
Stem (66) ................(shout)	at someone
in his study. Mrs Stern said something about
teenage girls and that they (67)
...................... (have) problems with
Lucy. Well, the shouting (68)
	 (stop)	almost immediately,
so I (69) ............. (go)	to his study.
Lucy (70) ................. (already/leave) the
room before I (71) ..................... (get)
there. 1 tried (72) ................ (explain)
to Trevor why he needed (73)
	 (have)	these hospital tests,
but he (74) . (not/let) me.
He said I (75) .................. (be) an igno-
rant country doctor who (76)
............... (not/know)	what he (77)
	 (talk)	about. I (78)
........................ (realise).....it was no use (79)
	 (argue)	with him so I (80)
.................................. (leave) after only a few min-
utes. I was quite angry actually. I let myself
out of the house without (81) ...
(see) Lucy or Mrs Stem.
Yes, Trevor was my business partner. We
(82) ............................... (not/be)
really friends. Yes, my house (83)
......................... (be) just round the
corner from the Sterns. 1	(84)
55
................. (live) here for two years
now. I (85) ..... (have)	a little
cottage in the village. But I (86)
................. (buy) this house when I
started (87) .... (earn)	a lot
of money. I can’t really tell you very much
about the night Trevor died. 1 took my dog for
a long walk that evening, I (88)
................. (go) up on the hills, away
from the village. Then the stupid dog (89)
................. (go) after a rabbit or
something and I (90) ............... (lose)
him in the dark. I (91) ....................
(look) for him when I (92)
	 (meet)	Lucy, as a
matter of fact. She (93) ........
(walk) up the road towards their house. She
(94) ............... (seem) rather upset. I
asked her if she (95) ......................
(see) the dog, but she said she (96)
................. (not/had). She (97)
................. (go) into her house and I
(98) ............ (find)	him a few
minutes afterwards, I was back home by just
after quarter to ten.
Detective Inspector Blackledge showed
the statements to her colleague, Sergeant
Ross.
BLACKLEDGE: Well, Ross. What do
you think? Who killed Stern?
ROSS: I don't know. It (99)
	 (not/be)	his wife.
She (100) .... (not/even/go)
into the study.
BLACKLEDGE: But she admits she
didn’t love him. Do you think she’s in love
with the doctor?
ROSS: It’s possible. And perhaps Trevor
Stem (101) ............. (find out). But
we know the doctor was at the hospital by ten
o’clock that night. And that’s at least half an
hour from the Stems’ house.
BLACKLEDGE: But that (102)
.......... (mean) he (103)
.......... (leave) the Sterns’ house before
half past nine.
ROSS: Exactly.
BLACKLEDGE: Anyway, Dorothy Stern
told her sister she (104) ..........
(leave) her husband. She didn't need (105)
............(murder)	him.
ROSS: But what about Lucy?
BLACKLEDGE: Yes, there’s something
about Lucy's story which doesn't quite fit.
Let’s see, what did Gerald Brook say?
ROSS: That's it! Lucy (106)
......................... (not/walk) to the
village and back, if he (107)
......................... (meet) her at
twenty to ten. She (108).
(still/shout at) by her father at nine-fifteen.
BLACKLEDGE: But look at all the state-
ments. The times don't fit.
ROSS: Neither do the facts. Someone
(109)..............(tell)	lies.
BLACKLEDGE: I think it's time we
(110)................ (make) an arrest.
Who did they arrest?
From English Grammar in Use
Supplementary Exercises by L. Hashemi
and R. Murphy, CUP
© Cambridge University Press 1995
(See answers on page 62)
56
RAINY DAY GAMES
Word games are popular all over the world. They are not only great fun but they can help you
improve your vocabulary. Here are a few games you can try.
The Minister’s Cat
The first player thinks of an adjective
beginning with ‘A’ and says, ‘The Minister’s
cat is an Awful cat.’ The next player thinks of
an adjective beginning with ‘B’ and says, ‘The
minister’s cat is an Awful, Bold cat,’ and so
on, each player calling out all the adjectives
that have been used before, and then adding a
new one in alphabetic order.
Anyone who makes a mistake or takes too
long drops out until there is only one player
— the winner — left.
Going to Glasgow
One of the players calls out a place name,
and another player must say what he is going
to do there — all starting with the initial letter
of the place name.
So if someone calls ‘Glasgow’, you would
say, ‘I’m going to Glasgow to Gather
Grapefruit.’
Botticelli
One player — ‘Botticelli’ — thinks of a
character who may be alive or dead, fact or
fiction. The others have to guess who he or
she is by asking him such questions as, ‘Are
you a famous actor?’ or ‘Did you live in the
19th century?’ They must be questions to
which the answer will be either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
If the answer is ‘No’, the questioning pass-
es to the next player. If the answer is ‘Yes’,
whoever asked the question can either ask
another question, or try to guess Botticelli’s
identity.
If, after ten direct attempts at guessing who
Botticelli is, no one has solved the mystery,
Botticelli confesses — and gets another go. If
a player guesses correctly, he becomes
Botticelli for the next round.
Portmanteau
The first player starts, ‘I packed my bag
and in it J put a pair of jeans’ (or whatever).
The next player continues, ‘I packed my bag
and in it I put a pair of jeans and a magazine.’
Continue round the circle, everyone repeating
what has already been packed before adding a
new item... If a player makes a mistake or
hesitates for too long, he drops out.
Hangman
Somebody thinks of an English word (for
example, HANGMAN) and writes down a
space for each letter (_____________). The
person who is playing then says a letter of the
alphabet (for example, ‘A’). If this letter
appears in the answer, it is written down in
the correct position or positions within the
word (_A________A _ ). Ifa letter is chosen
which does not appear in the answer (e.g. ‘T’),
then an extra line is drawn in a simple picture
of a man being hanged (see below). The play-
er wins if he or she guesses the word correctly
before the picture has been completed.
One popular version of the game uses 11
lines and is drawn as follows:
to drop out выбывать
identity [ardentiti] личность
attempt [e'tempt] попытка
to confess [kan'fes] признаваться, открывать карты
another go вторая попытка, второй раунд
portmanteau [po:t maentau] чемодан
item ['aitem] предмет, вещь
to hesitate ['heziteit] колебаться
57
The modern world is becoming smaller
all the time. Every day distances between
different countries seem less.
For this reason it’s becoming more and
more important to know different lan-
guages, especially English.
But you can't learn languages only from
books. The best way to reinforce what we
have learnt from books is to put it into
practice.
At the end of their studies, many young
people decide to go and live for a while in
the country whose language they have
studied.
GOING ROUI
This is undoubtedly an interesting and
instructive experience. And it's a great
opportunity to learn and deal with a thou-
sand new practical problems.
So here's some advice to help you feel
at ease and make the best of this adven-
ture.
GOINS ALONE OR WITH A FRIEND?
Everybody would like to go with a nice
group of friends. But if you do, the opportu-
nities to practise the language are greatly
reduced. In groups, you always speak your
own language.
What you need is “total immersion".
For this you mustn't even take a book in
your own language. The only things permitted
in your language are letters.
It's certainly much more difficult. But one
day you'll realize you're thinking in English!
TRAINS
They're a great way to travel: practical
and economical.
Besides, you can make friends easily with
your fellow-travellers.
And, sitting comfortably, it’s like watching
a film to see the beautiful landscapes and
unknown towns passing in front of your eyes.
58
THE ORLD
BUYING LOCAL PAPERS
WORKING
It's a good way to practise the language
and it helps you to understand the life of the
country. In this way you can find many topics
of conversation too.
Working is perhaps the quickest way to
find out about the everyday life of the coun-
try and it's a way to save money so that you
can extend your trip.
You can often find offers of work in the
youth hostels. It's easy to find temporary
jobs there, even for a few days.
Among the news you can also find informa-
tion about local and cultural events: festivals,
shows, sports events, etc.
TELEVISION
It's very useful to watch TV programmes.
It's a very quick and effective way to learn
languages and understand local culture. When
we can understand well what people say on
television, it shows we have a very good com-
mand of the language.
FRIENDSHIP
On this type of trip it's possible that you
might be alone for days and days. However,
you can make friends in the hostels.
There you can meet other travellers of
different nationalities who also have the
need to communicate. They're living through
the same experience.
In this way sometimes friendships start
up that can last a whole lifetime.
to reinforce j\ri:in закреплять
instructive [in'strAktiv] поучительный, ценный
to reduce [rrdju:sj сокращать, уменьшать
total immersion [гтз:/п] полное погружение
to permit [рэШ] разрешать
fellow-traveller [,felou'traevla] попутчик
landscape [ Isendskeip] пейзаж, вид
to have a good command [ke'ma:nd] of the language хорошо владеть языком
to extend [ik stend] продлить
youth hostel [ hostl] молодежный лагерь, пансионат
59
Answers
GLOBAL ENGLISH QUIZ
1. c 2. c 3.	a 4. a	5. a 6. b 7. b 8. a 9.	b	10.	a
11. b	12. c	13. c	14. c 15. c 16. b 17.	a	18.	b
19. c	20. a	21. c	22. b 23. c 24. c 25.	a	26.	a
27. a	28. b 29.	c 30. c 31. a 32.	a	33.	b
CRAZY ENGLISH PUZZLE
1. feet 2. pineapple 3. eggplant 4. koala 5. bit
6. mushroom 7. greyhound 8. mice 9. heels
10. hard 11. blackboard 12. rush 13. eat
14. crazy 15. pricey 16. olives 17. fast 18. king-
dom 19. tongue 20. taught 21. nightmare
22. hamburger 23. priceless
DOUBLE TROUBLE
Sounds and letters
break [breik] weak [wi:k] sew [seu] few [fju:]
horse [ho:s] worse [w3:s] beard [bied] heard
[ha:d] lord [b:d] word [wa:d] cow [kau] low [leu]
shoe [fu:] toe [teu] nose [neuz] dose [deus] lose
[lu:z] goose [gms] choose [t[u:z] comb [keum]
tomb [tu:m] bomb [bom] doll [dol] roll [reul] home
[heum] some [злт] blood [blAd] food [fu:d] good
[gud] mould [meuld] could [kud] pay [pei] say
[sei] paid [peid] said [sed] I will read [ri:d] I have
read [red] done [dAn] gone [gon] lone [leun]
Hints on Pronunciation for Foreigners
tough [tAf] bough [bau] cough [kof] dough [deu]
hiccough ['hikAp] thorough ['Олгэ] plough [plau]
through [Qru:] heard [h3:d] beard [bied] meat
[mil] great [greit] threat [©ret] suite [swi:t] straight
[streit] debt [det] here [hie] there [dee] dear [die]
fear [fie] bear [bee] pear [pee] dose [deus]
rose [reuz] lose [lu:z] goose [gms] choose [t]u:z]
cork [ko:k] work [\л/з:к] card [kmd] ward [wo:d] font
[font] front [frAnt] word [w3:d] sword [so:d]
HELPFUL HINTS FROM FAMOUS PEOPLE
1.	Let’s go to the park, shall we?
2.	Nobody phoned, did they?
3.	I’m beautiful, aren’t I?
4.	They never quarrel, do they?
5.	It’s no good, is it?
6.	He has to get up early, doesn’t he?
7.	It’s hardly rained this summer, has it?
A BIT OF GRAMMAR
Verb puzzle
1. shaken 2. drunk 3. brought 4. flown 5. held
6. beat 7. hidden 8. dug 9. spent 10. driven 11. cost
12. spoke 13. become 14. grown 15. felt 16. wrote
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
Who is to blame?
Somebody got angry about that, because it was
Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could
do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t
do it. In the end Everybody blamed Somebody
when Nobody did what Anybody could have.
A robber in the house?
1. turned 2. noticed 3. was 4. had shut 5. went
6. hadn’t said 7. would come 8. slackened
9. thinking 10. could 11. asked 12. to accompany
13. turned out 14. was 15. would 16. entered
17. found 18. could 19. has never happened
20. thought 21. hope 22. will never happen
Crazy prepositions
(1)on (2) for (3) at (4) on (5) by (6) on (7) with
(8) at (9) with (10) to (11) from (12) in (13) on
(14) for (15) at (16) in (17) of (18) for (19) at
(20) at (21) to
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Food Rap
1. jam 2. cheese 3. cake 4. honey 5. Cola 6.
bread 7. cream
Shopping list
yoghurt [joget] sausage ['sosidj] ['so:sid3]
pizza ['pi:tse] margarine [,ma:d3e'ri:n]
champagne [JasnTpem] liqueur [h'kjue]
muesli ['mjmzh] ketchup ['ketjep]
Quick Meet Quiz
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. a
Odd One Out
1. pineapple 2. pig 3. orange 4. salmon
5. cheese
Country Food
1. c 2. a 3. f 4. b 5. d 6. e
Chef’s Puzzle
SALT SUGAR PEPPER MUSTARD FLOUR
Fruity Language
1. h 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. f 8. e
HOME, SWEET HOME
1. 1. table 2. window 3. television 4. chimney
5. fridge 6. floor 7. mirror 8. sofa 9. bathroom
10. lamp 11. carpet 12 on 13. poster 14. kitchen
15. bedroom 16. alarm 17. fireplace 18. stairs
19. skyscraper 20. armchair 21. machine
22. mouse 23. VCR 24. wall 25. flat 26. blanket
27. keys
Z
PICTURES BOOKCASE SETTEE WARDROBE
CHAIRS SIDEBOARD
60
Answers
LOOKING COOL
1.
1.	jeans 2. T-shirt 3. skirt 4. socks 5. gloves 6. suit
7. scarf 8. shirt 9. tie 10. gown
2.
1. d 2. b 3. c 4. f 5. e 6. a
3.
1. e 2. a 3. b 4. g 5. h 6. d 7. c 8. f
WHAT A LOT OF “OLOGIES”!
1. E 2. F 3. В 4. H 5. C 6. A 7. G 8. D
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Across:
1. airport 6. forest 7. street 8. west 9. lion 11. train
13. sleep 15. march 17. over 18. comb 24. honey
25. sugar 26. beard 29. busy 30. true 32. recite
33. adverb 34. majesty
Down:
1. answer 2. poet 3. tattoo 4. holiday 5. leopard
10. sell 11. through 12. not 13. success 14. painter
15. may 16. husband 19. say 20. cage 21. rob
22. another 23. mascara 27. custom 28. Sunday
31. fame
THE LANGUAGE OF COMPUTERS
1.
“B” answers are correct.
2.
1. mouse 2. file 3. scanner 4. upgrade
5. keyboard 6. disk 7. modem 8. flame 9. boot
3,
1. PC 2. information 3. Web 4. e-mail 5. on-screen
6. chat 7. video 8. generation 9. interactive
CRAZY ENGLISH ADJECTIVES
1. ambitious 2. funny 3. generous 4. intelligent
5. self-confident 6. sensitive 7. sensible 8. selfish
9. unreliable 10. reserved
Chainword
1. beautiful 2. low 3. wooden 4. new 5. warm
6. modern 7. noisy 8. yellow 9. wrong 10. gold
11. dangerous 12. serious 13. strong 14. great
15. tall 16. light 17. tired 18. deaf 19. famous
20. stupid 21. dumb 22. brave 23. European
24. naked 25. dead 26. dear 27. right 28. thin
29. nervous 30. sad 31. deep 32. proud 33. damp
34. poor 35. rich 36. honest 37. tasty 38. young
39. generous 40. slim 41. mysterious 42. sweet
43. talented 44. dull 45. long 46. gentle
47. expensive 48. excellent 49. terrible 50. empty
ARE YOU AN EXPERIENCED TRAVELLER?
Travelling Chainword
1. voyage 2. english 3. hotel 4. long 5. guide
6. exotic 7. camera 8. at 9. traveller 10. romans
11. sights 12. ship 13. passport 14. ticket
15. tourism 16. museum 17. map 18. pickpocket
19. turkish 20. hi 21. interesting 22. greece 23. emu
24. underground 25. dollars 26. suitcase 27. egypt
28. to 29. on 30. near 31. right 32. tip 33. plane
34. ever 35. road 36. dutch 37. hitchhike 38. east
39. taxi 40. italian 41. never 42. river
Countries and cities
1. Stockholm 2. Paris 3. Norway 4. Cairo
5. Australian 6. St Petersburg 7. Chinese 8. Moscow
9. Romans 10. Tokyo 11. Canada 12. Austria
13. Scotland 14. Thames
SO MANY COUNTRIES, SO MANY CUSTOMS
DO YOU ENJOY FEELING SCARED?
Scary Story
1. c 2. b 3. f 4. a 5. d 6. e
Boo!
1. at all 2. for 3. had 4, alone 5. turned 6. locked
7. closed 8. curtains 9. inside 10. of 11. knees
12. looked 13. nightdress 14. heavy 15. bed 16. but
17. as 18. lamp
CRAZY ANTONYMS
1. cheap 2. present 3. thin 4. north 5. high
6. hello 7. open 8. never 9. remember 10. recov-
er 11. right 12. tall 13. love 14. enemy 15. yes
16. sad 17. defend 18. dangerous 19. seldom
2O.vmini 21. in 22. new 23. woman 24. near
25. rich 26. husband 27. dry 28. young 29. guest
30. this 31. strong 32. good 33. dead 34. difficult
35. then 36. night 37. truth 38. hot 39. top
40. pass 41. sell 42. legal 43. lend 44. disadvan-
tage 45. everything 46. girl 47. lose 48. east
49. take 50. empty
THE LANGUAGE OF LOVE
1. with 2. heel 3. sight 4. to 5. over 6. round 7. date
8. engaged 9. deep 10. pop 11. passion 12. no
13. on 14. new 15. wedding 16. golden 17. now
18. will 19. love 20. ever 21. roses 22. sweetheart
23. to 24. of 25. February 26. yes 27. spring
28. Gretna 29. apart 30. too 31. out 32. tight
33. truth 34. honeymoon
61
Answers
THE WORLD OF SPORT
1.	1. g 2. e 3, I 4. j 5. f 6. a 7. d 8. b 9. h 10. к
11. i 12.c
2,	1. d 2. e 3. a 4. i 5. j 6. h 7. b 8. c 9. g 10. f
3.	a) golfer b) cyclist c) tennis player d) jockey
e) driver f) high jumper g) sprinter h) gymnast
I) discus thrower j) windsurfer
4.	a) 7 b) 6 c) 5 d) 2 e) 4 f) 3 g) 1
THE LANGUAGE OF CRIME
Г 1. h 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. d 6. f 7. c 8. e
2.	1. g 2. h 3. e 4. i 5. c 6. j 7. a 8. d 9. f
10. b
3.	1. rob 2. steal 3. has stolen/stole 4. robbed;
stole
4.	1. judge 2. blackmail 3. detective 4. killer
5.	witness 6. thieves 7. sentence(d) 8. verdict
9,	prison 10. spy 11. accomplice 12. agent
13. jury
JACK THE RIPPER
TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH
1 	1. d	2. h	3.	g 4.	m 5. a 6. b 7. о	8.	к	9. с
10.	e 11.	j	12. f	13. n	14. i	15.1
2.	1. j	2. о	3.	m 4.	n 5. к	6. h	7. c 8.	I	9.	d
10.	a 11.	e	12. f	13. g	14. i	15. b
ON PUNCTUATION
King Charles the First walked and talked; half an
hour after, his head was cut off.
Caesar entered, on his head his helmet, on his feet
his sandals, in his hand his good sword, in his eye a
fierce look.
KIDNAPPERS’ LETTER
1.	We've got your son.
2.	He is safe.
3.	We want $500,000 in cash.
4.	The money must be in $100 notes.
5.	Bring the money to the car park at 4 o'clock in
the morning.
6.	Don't show this to the police or you'll be sorry.
7.	If you don't bring the money you’ll never see your
son again.
BRITISH ENGLISH VS AMERICAN ENGLISH
Г
slow (BrE: slowly)
sidewalk (BrE: pavement)
in back of (BrE: at the back of)
subway (BrE: underground, metro)
store (BrE: shop)
elevator (BrE: lift)
loud (BrE: loudly)
2..
1. A Brit would say “really nice”.
3. A Brit would say “I’ve just had lunch”.
5.	A Brit would say “I’ve never really got to know
him”.
6.	A Brit would say “Please write to me soon”.
7.	A Brit would say “to hospital”.
10. A Brit would say “out of the window”.
12. A Brit would say “Single or return?”
3x
1. elevator 2. mail 3. schedule 4. apartment 5. sick
6. vacation 7. fall 8. pants 9. tuxedo 10. candy
11. gas 12. line 13. movie 14. store 15. math
MURDER MYSTERY
4. had been murdered 5. didn’t love 6. didn’t
murder 7. wanted 8. had I was having 9. asked
10. was watching 11. told 12. called 13. noticed
14. had expected / had been expecting
15. answered 16. was still shouting 17. were
obviously having 18. took 19. shouting 20. had
gone 21. to go 22. didn’t want 23. heard
24. came 25. was still talking 26. heard 27. wasn’t
shouting 28. phoned 29. talked 30. told 31. had
decided 32. was watching 33. take 34. spilt
35. was pouring 36. didn’t want 37. crept
38. decided 39. never like 40. talk / am talking
41. had had 42. normally takes 43. took 44. went
45. saw 46. was walking 47. saw 48. was standing
49. didn’t see / couldn’t see 50. was talking
51. didn’t answer 52. remembered 53. had
told/told 54. was playing / was going to play
55. walked 56. met 57. reached 58. was looking
59. called 60. was 61. had planned 62. had been
visiting 63. let 64. seemed 65. showed
66. shouting 67. were having / had been having
68. stopped 69. went 70. had already left 71. got
72. to explain 73. to have 74. didn’t let / wouldn’t
let 75. was 76. didn’t know 77. was talking
78. realised 79. arguing 80. left 81. seeing
82. weren’t 83. is 84. ’ve lived /’ve been living
85. used to have / had 86. bought 87. earning / to
earn 88. went 89. went 90. lost 91. was looking
92. met 93. was walking 94. seemed 95. had seen
96. hadn’t 97. went 98. found 99. can’t have been
/ wasn’t 100. didn’t even go 101. had found out
102. means 103. left / must have left 104. was
going to leave I was leaving 105, to murder
106. didn’t walk / can’t have walked / couldn’t have
walked 107. met 108. was still being shouted at
109. has been telling I is telling 110. made
Solution to the crime
9.05 Lucy left the study.
Trevor phoned Gerald.
9.15 Lucy saw Gerald on the phone.
Dorothy and Doctor Emerson heard Trevor
shouting at Gerald, on the phone. When he
was checking the accounts he discovered that
Gerald had been stealing from the business.
9.25 Doctor Emerson left, banging the front door.
9.30 Gerald entered the house and killed Trevor
after a short argument.
9.40 Gerald left the house and met Lucy on her way
home.
62