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1967


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に >KeCKII# are|HT, Ue〃HKOM 3aBII'cIIMblii oT KHFI3FIHⅡO cBOeMy noIJIo>KeHPIIo 6JIII3KH# K KopMJIeHIIIIIKy 5. CxonHbli, xoTfl II He TO>KZIGCTBeHIIblii Te311C BblnBHraeT P. ByTPIOm.OI-IBI皿HT OTJIII'1me PyCCKoro HMMyHIITeTa OT 3analHOrO B HaJIIIIIIM KoHTpoJIFI HaJ IIMMyHHTeTHbIMH BJIaneHIIHMII 'co 'cTopOHbI K">KecKoii BJIacTII II B oTcyTcTBIHII 3necb cKoJIbKo-HII6ynb Pa 3BHTOrO巾eOntaJ1H3Ma 6. X. mblol1, FIBJIRIo皿嘘CH cTOPoHHII|KOM KOHUe'皿戒C. B. BeCeJI OBICKOrOHn>K. BJIIoMa, He nPoBo皿TnPHHUlmmaJ1bHorO Pa3JIH[IIIH Me>Kmy PyoCIKIIM II 3ananHblM IIMMyHIIITeTaMH, CIIII- TaH, qTo Cy皿HOCTb lJMMyHHTeTa lCO'CTOHT B H3EHTHII巾eOXaJTbHblx BJIaneIHHi H3 KOMneTeI-IHIIII oPraHoB rOcynaP|CTBeHHOii BJIa'cTH, a ca'M IIMMyHHTeT HBJIHeT,CH 'HCToIIHI'IKOM !叩HBIIJIerHi 7. Be3ycJIoBHo, Heo6xo皿MO yIIIITblBaTb CneUII'。IIKy Pa3- BIITHH I,IMMyHHTeTa |B |cTpaHax 3analHoii EBponbI II 'B Poc­ c'HII. OJHaKo, ecJIH paccMaTplIBaTb KopHPI H cymHocTb 9Toro = HBJIeHIffI, MO>KHO, KaK HaM Ka>KeTcH, y|cTa|HOBIITb OO皿yIo n P l I P O n y 3 a n a n H b l x I I P y c c K H x I I M M y H I I Te To B 、 C Hanleii ToIIKI1 3peHHH, HMMyHIITeT ecTb peaJIH3aUHFI 3KOHOMHIIeCKOii BJIaCTIi巾eOJaJIa MeTOnaMII BHe3KOIIOMHIIe- CKOrO nPlI'IIy>KIeH'IIHⅢ旧oJIHTwIecKOe rOcnoIcTBo *eO"JIa B nPeneJIax CBOero BJIaleHH月KaK 'HaII60JIee O6皿ee npOHB、IIeHIIe BIIe9Ko|HoMIILIe'cKoro nPIIHy>KneHIIH. noJ1HDIit wIH IIacTH[IHbli oTKa3 ny6JIHIIHoi BJIalcTH oT cBoHx rOcynaP'CTBellHblx nPaB 'B oTHomeHIIII巾eoXaJIbHO3a〃 BHcHMOrO HaCeJIe'HH兜(T. e. <<'HMMyHPI|TeT> B y3KOM 'CMblCJIe cJIOBa) , paBHo KaK H KoHcTIITymPOBaHHe nplIBIIJYerlIPOBaHHOrO CTaTyca caMOrO I'IMMyHHCTa, eCTb Hell|36e>KHOe CJIenCTBMie j)eoXaJIbHOih 3KoHoMIIKH. Maplcc HoKa3aJI, qTo <<Bo Bcex 。opMax, npH KoTopbIx He- nOCPenCTBeHHbliiPa60THHKOCTaeTCH,,BJIaneJIbUeM$&CpeXCTB ⑪ 〆 nPoH3BOn'cTBa 'II y'cJIOBHHTPyna, HeOOxoIHMblx IJIFI nPOII3- BOJcTBa cPeXcTB ero CO6cTBeHHoro |cymeCTBoBalIHfl)>, |npH6aBoqHbIii npoXyKT EJIFI HOMIIHaJIbHoro 3eMeJIbHorO co6cTBeHHIIKa MO>KHo Bbl>KaTb H3 H e r o く To J I b Ko BHe9KoHOMIIIIe­ 一 5 W. S c h u l z. Die lmmunit5t im Nord6stlichen Russland des l4. und 15. Jahrhunderts.­《Forschungen zur Bd. 8. Berlin, 1962, S. 265-269 . Osteuropdischen Geschichte>, 6 R. B o u t r u c h e. Seigneurie et feodalit6. Paris, 1959, p. 1 18, 120, 258,259. 7 Horace W. D e w e y. Immunities vol・XXIII, 1964, p、644, 651. 5 in Old Russia.­《Slavic 、 Review",
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BOJIbmaH 3aCJIyra B H3yqeHH}I >KaJIOBaHHblx rPaMoT XIV-XVI BB. npHHaXJIe>KIIT C. B. BeceJIoBcKoMy, nonbl- TaBmeMycH, xoTH !I He BnoJIHe ycnemHO, nPeOIoJIeT. 2WU HII[IeHHdCTb IIJIJIIOCTPaTHBHOrO MeToXa lI yFIcHIITb Ba>KHell5 mHe Te|HneHIIIm Pa3BIITHH IIMMyHI1TeTa B |CBR31I C II'CTOPlIelI U TFITJIa l0. U CoBePmeHHo HoBbli lI BecbMa nJIoXoTBopHblII nonxoX K aHaJIH3V aHaJIIi3V HHC|HHTe3y CIHHTe3yMaTePHaJIa MaTe”aJIa>KaJIOBaHHblX >KaJIOBaHHblX "rPaMOT rPaMOT XIV-XV BB. HaxoⅡHMy几B. qepenHIIHa, KoTopblII BnepBble liCCJIe,IoBaJI HMMyHIITeTHyIo nOJIIITIIKy KHH>KeCKmx nPar BIITeJIbcTB II yCTaHOBIIJI IIOJIIITIIIIeCKIIe nPli[IIIIHbl Bbma1IH 凹 U PmarPaMOT11. U U B 60BpeMeH|Hoi coBeTcKoi JIHTepaType >KaJIoBaHHblM rPaMOTaMnPOHOJI>KaeT rDaMoTaMⅡPO且OJI》KaeT yXeJIFITbCR yユeJIHTbc兜60JIb皿oe 60JIb BHIIMaHHe: OHII 』 ITPlIBJIeKalOTCFI nJIH II3yrleHIIfl HCTOPlIⅢ巾eOnaJIbHOTO 3eMJIeBJIameHIIHHmMMyHiiTeTa, KPe'CTEFIHcTBa, rOPOnpB, "HaH'COB, MeCTHOTOH ueHTPaJIbHoro ynPaBJIeH", ̲pHXTIlgH- Heii nOJIHTHKII (几 B qePenHKH, A jLTOPCKmit, E E l<9U mrM̅6aiaijoE,H "E Ho6oB, A A ̅3mMIIH II mP) 12 >Kya3HblX KOHUe皿11ii lICTOP" POCClⅧⅡePIIOna 。eOmaJI"Ma》M., 1962,cTp.56-74,78­80,89mⅡP.;C.M.KamTaHoB.K[IcTo"9rpa'巾""KPenOCTHOrO nPaBa a20Cg叩.一《HCTOPIIH mCTOPmKI12. m C. cTafen.M.,1965,cTp、270-312;WSchulZ.Op.cit,S.57-861 HW・Dewey. Op・cit.,p、643-659 . X cKme "px"Bb[ *eO"e C.B'! XIV-XV Io ʼʼJI B,IIepenHHH・PyccKIie巾eo“JIblルIeapxʻHBbl BeKoB,B eceJIo,BcKHii・yKa3、coLI. XIV-XVBeKoB, 【1. 2, cTp. 112-225̲ 12 jl 'B :[l e p e n H II H O6pa30Ba¥me. RMpcKoro neHTWaJI"WWIR.I:]: u cyJapcTBabXIV-XVBeKax.M・,1960;o>K He.AiKToBbliiMaTepHaJI "̅ff5"Km m6ToPIIH pyccKoro KpecTbHHcTBa XV q、H3 MFTqp皿【 ,ii56"""EHLIX CI!j! ""399nCT"H"̲OWgnWi)­<np o6JIe- MbllICTOIIHHKOBeneHII月》,̅TJIVM,1955,cTp307-342;Ant、roP cK|H iM.UIMSkmMAlleCIforqlll"cI>KeH"KPecTbHH、 Cepe"BggM: 」 HoM PycH XIV-XV ̲ ".M,1960(cM.pengH31IIPA.A31IM"aB U 《"T6" CCCP", 1962, Jvb 4) ; IJ、 E K o "1̲C""g̲WfiWp Ha PycHBnemoⅡo6pa30BaHIiH PyccKoroneHTpaJm30ʻBaHHoro rocy- naPCTBa・KoHdIXIIIIIaqaJIoXVIB.M、一J1.,-1965;10.r.AneK- 6̅a̅6B. BojlocTE B nepeHcJIaBcKoM ye3Xe XV B.­《Bonpocbl aKoHo- MIWII "EtmII oTH6meHMii B PycbKoM rocy"pcTBe XII-XVII Be- 60;oH〉Ke.①eoユaJYbHo3aBH“Mble Hatlala XVKOB>. lIHHenepeHcJIaBcKoro AIVI M.一JT・"5 nepe,TcjiaBcKdro ye3na ye3且aXV­HaKIaJIa XVIB.­《HccJIe且oBaHHH KpecTbHHe BoTB i6.̅m""̅4)EOnaJIbHb"enOCTHHqecKOiP"C"¥nM:一J1.,1964; 61! ,"'WfPamM̅I CoUiiaJ,bHam lIFTOPILH gWPp9-ERcTR"9i P" XV-XVI BBg. nep]IaBcKIiii yeaA̲M一几, 1966; A M・CaxapoB. rdpo"CeBepo-BocToqHoii pycII XIV-XV BeKo2.M., 1959; H. E. H ou 66K'Oqe,)KII:nOHcTopm,iMe6TH」qrOylLPaW"IIH。PXCCKOm̲IPCy"pRW A mom ̅iBMiIBrXVl. Be""-̅m, 19574̲4:̲A2" WW!;.p"92 p MEI I'IBaHa rPO3HOrO.M.,1960;o H>K e.OnpHIIHMHaliBallarpo37
I 3"IITC"BHOe BHIIMaHIieynCmeTcm BCOBeTCKO#HCTOU PIIOrPad)IIII MeTO皿KeI旧y[IeHI'IH >KaJIOBaHHblx rpaMOT 13. n9W,、¥3na¥"<:rnaMoTBcJIIII(6RMM6pM"#n6KoBa>(1949),<<AKToB巾eO"JIbHOrO 3eMJIGBJIaneHHH xoII 3”CTB”(ILI-III,1951-1961),くAKToBco皿aJIbHo-3Ko"QTBa> (FJ-III, 1951-1961), "AKT6g̅E5RRMH6Laf5¥WwgWWT9plim CeBePo-B9"qHoih Pycli> (TJ-m, ④ 1952W= (9" J"'' Bce ̲ akTbi XiV aiMaHWi nr6 l506!M.UWWipo ony6JIIIKOBa"EIMIIWMc626M ;bXW rpa巾函"9M"YEQEHe BJ<OMnaKT¥9M H BIme, WTo KPaiiHe o6JIertIaeT pa60Ty HIIMH c rpaMoTbiXVi g.g皿e PaCnblJIeHbl ⑥ noMHOroIIHCJIeHHblM aPXIIBa狐ⅢⅡy6JIMIKamIHM. HocJIeXB Hee BPeMFI H34aH xPOHOJIOrHIIeCK城ⅡePerleHb BblJTBJIeHHblx HMMyIMTeTHblx rPaMoT 3a l504­Ⅱa[laJTo l584 rr. 14 EWWWIETe"bWoKXII-XV"M56Hbi6Bonpocb{ ⑥ licTOPIiII IIMyyIIITeTHOih noJIHTIIKII HamJIH OCBemeHIIe i M5= HorPa巾ⅡⅡ几 B. LIepenHI,IHa 15、To CII」cTeMaTHIIeCKOi Da3Da⑥ 〆 OOTKH HCTOP皿mMMyHHTeTa B KoHne XV-nePBo# nojIoBHHe XVI B. HeT. U HMelo皿皿CH IIETOPMorPa巾HH B OnblIH3yIIeH" IIMMyHIITeTHblx aKToB XVI B (Tpynb[ B A MIIJIIoTIIHA, A aHoBa,̅irErmEMBeceJIoBcKoro, M HpHoBa, MM.Cn aKoBa, Ell B"nOBoJIbHO 皿11.CMHpHoBa,B PoMaHoBa,H A HocoBaHⅡp) E 2a3HOcTOPOHeH, O"aKO HeXoCTaTOqHOcT5 6r6 ouIe.BHⅡHa.、Pe>K瓜e Bcero〉KanoBaHHbIeII yKa3HblerPaMOTbl KoHnaXV-nePBOAnoJIoBHHblXVIB.HeIIccJIemogaHbIBo Horo.M.,1964;C.O.mMⅢ且T. npeJIn()CblJTKI,IルI nePBblGrOntbl <Ka3aHcKoi gPiiIIbl" ( 1545-1549) . 3aHcKoH Bo師b”(1545-1549).­《Tpynbl ̅Mbo"bf6M6Hi EMa̅ *r9"MgnpW̲II" MrlIAII", WI Pbccm! mITJIIITePaTyPe・­<gOBeTcI<al !ICTOPmqeCKam HayKa bTXX̅KX""" H〉Ke・BoⅢpocblHcTopHHPoccmT o HoBoHHcTopmIIecKoH BeKa XVI B u ⑪ KnCC茅.M., 1962. HEHocoB.《HoBoG)D 13 HanpaBJIellHe aKToBoM B HcToIIIIHKoBeノ〔eHHH.一 《n29"""cToIIHlIKoBe4eHiI", m X M,1@"̅ 6.fi. X.E:6.MMIMF 【IecKOM MWQJe̲ aKTPBOM P HcTOIIHIIKOBGIGHIm.­《BonpocblaIDxHBoBelleHm",1962,M4;AA3HMmHOM5f6ⅡHKeaKToBoroH,cToqHⅢ"e¥"̲2̲P26gW nO HCrPPIIM MecTIIOrO ynPaB""̅p6c2"i6;叩 BoIIHoJIoBIIHbIXVIB.­《Bonpocb!apxIIB6BMeHm",196Z̅̅Nri; g̲ji̲Ka m T a H o B K Bonpo6y ̅6̅ Kji58"""&1 66"BJIM "r9JIoBKOB)Ka'IIQBaHHhIxrPaMOT­《HcTopHqecKIIfiapxllB>,1956, U W;"" '"̲̲p9ETaq 'Mi'y¥IifETIImf̅MM5f:、、ifMHn(》、noBHʻHbl XVI BeKa.­《ApXeorpa(I)IIIIecKIIii eンKeroIIHIIK 3a l962 ToJ)D. M., 1963; 9"9fMWi" "aniie !! !13yqC"5.M(illiRO"6 M";":¥;1 plm PoccIIH XVI B.(B ̲ngPJIeBOeHHble rOmJ1)一<E>KeI、"HIIK arPaPII(! IX" mpT"" BocToIIHoii EBponb! HoHHcTo”H BocTouHoAEBpoⅡH・1962 r.> MHH|cK, 1964. U b い '4 Xn, 1, 1I. 15几 W :J e" " Pyccwe *e̅jHb,。 。Px,iBb! XIV-XV ,eKoB, [1. 2, cTp. 97-225. 8
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「 皿ⅡJIOMaTHIKH》¥aJIoBaHHbIx rpaMoT (HcTopIIII !Ix dispositio, narratiO HTユ)aBToPHaMePeBaeTcimOd""TMmmE HOe HCCJIenOBaHHe ¥lWJg"̲ KaqecrBe B caMOpTofITeJIbHoronPenMeTa H3yqeHKH IIMMyHIITeTHblx rpaMoT 1 492-1 548 rr. IIM6efcBoM 92"aH" B 3Tmx xpoHojQrHqecKIIx paM"̅ b6imAM 〆 r2aMOTbl TPex nePlIO,瓜oB: 1492-1505, 1505-1537 H1538- 548 1 rr・nepBblHⅡePHoユーsTo BPeIMH PemHTeJIbHoii JIoMKII "M WM."JaJIPJIOro IIMMymITCTABo BT6"̅i6FM U ⑪ ⑥ cy,Ⅱb6b] myMyHIITeTa 6blJTII B 3IfaqIITeJIEM IIEKM;M U U & M9TQp"̲nocJIe"" Kpyn"x yneJIoB O6pa@oBaHHble B l1594nnonyxoBHoiHBa"III̅yiamgiomj1mHxcblHoBeiHBJIHJIHcbo6'beKTaMI!BecEMa-aifTTIMHnOJIHTHKH WWWW npaBwTembcTBaBcecJIo)KHbleBHyTplmoJMT""e co6blTIIH H B TQM %Ie BblmaIly !IMMMMiEb< ジ WMW"̲lIoHHTb 6e3 yqeTa aToiMcTpoii 60pb6b! c ⑪ 。 yneJIbHoKHHiKeCKHM cenaPaTII3MoM, B KoToPbii Ha6TVnmJIo ⑪ lI2EecTIIoe3aTlUlbeTOJIbKoBpe3yJIbTareJI11KB皿an血MH- Te)Ka AH4peH CTapmUKoro B i537̅E1M=iMH­Ⅱe!WWWWm9JOcTa "li91jaCrbIPcKMx TaPxaHHbIx nPmBHJIerIIH,ⅡpepBaʻBmHHcH BI549r.,Koma KBJIacTHⅡ”mJIo U U nPaBHTeJIbCTBO H36PaHHOii Panbl. ABTopBbIpa)KaeT6JIaromaPiIocTbAA3HMIIHv3anoご cToJIHHoe nPy)KecKoe BHIIMaHIIe. U ABTOP BCerma omymaJI nO瓜瓦eP>KKy cTOPOHbl 'co TOBaPH- meHⅡQ CeKTopy mfT9p" gPCP nepHo" 。ednaJIII3Ma lIH- cTHFXT"cTopIIH AII CCCP II BceX cBOiix 」J;pjM ⑪ pH瓦HcToIIHHKoB6bIJIJIo6e3HoyKa3aHaBTopyC、HBaJIKoMLA. A. 3HMIIHblM,几 ZHBIi,Hoi,BA: . KyIIKHHblM, B UHa3apoBblM)BHqj"opeXX 几XopomKeBHIIII mPyrHMH cnenHaJIHCTa MII yKa3aTeJIbKKHIIrecocTaBJIellH.g.KpaAHeBoii. ⑪ BLIn. 24.M., 1961, cTl). 221-258; o H >K e.OTI)a>KcHIIG B >Ka.ⅣoBaHHblx MnMKWW WWaX ""f9"̲C'icTeMbl Py6CKoro̲rOby"6"": Bo力TBo#TpeTIIXVIB.­《PIcTppmqecKIIe 3amicI(Ii,x 70;̅"j̅25r-W; 叩
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1.CocToHHIIecy4e6Horo M TaMoJXeHHoro MMMyHMTeTa BHepBojilIoJIoBMHe90-xro40B nJIH TorO, LITO6bl llPenCTaBIITb Ce6e co皿aノIbHylOPOJIb !Wa""̲liMMyHIIT<Ta B HaqajrerXWrMMTM2 U :"vWWWjWK9j̲BJIaCTH nO oTHOmenIIIO k̅ ̅feM7, HeO6HeO6XO瓜HMO 6POCIITb B3rJI兄及Ha 3BOJIIO瓜HHHMMyHHlITorII TeT4 K KoHny nPenmecTByIoulerO cTOJIeTIIH. D E̲"mo4 K">KcH" iiBaHa mW6Mh nomiaTHofo liMWWeTAWWJIaJ"3y BecbMa 3IIailiTeJIbilbix OrPami- [IeIIeHH#. rPaMOTbl,巾I,IKcIIpylo皿IIe ocBo60>Kn(eHHe HMMyIIIIIEWX BJIaneHIm TeTHblx BJIa且eHHH OT OT QEHOBHblx OCHOBHblxnO3eMeJIbHblX nO3eMeJIbilbIXHaJIOrOB Ha"ME̅̅h H WWWx̲UW#; m¥H,、III BblnaBaJI rJIaBHbIM JM 3032MTW"ronoB XV B 3a 60-e romEMMMTTi;;= " III m3BecTHO OqeHb Ma。mO 2 a 3aT49Fi505̅fr"HeW xP"IIJWcbrUWiQWo xPaHHJIocb HHo且HoH rPaMoTblⅡOユO6HorO erorPaMoTblnOnO6HorO cO瓜eP>KaHHH. cOUeP>KfIH" CQB BeceJIoBcK" yka3bIB", q75 ̅ Ma"EMMi U 巾fWJIqWFM"plr9"2THbIMII ocBo6Q>KneH"MII npekm THJIacboKoJIo1506r、2̲SToHcTowHQABTOp"I"ifiy E"̲ l<QMnJIeKc rpaMoT, KaK BeJIIIKoKHH>kecKIIx, Tari MBWIbHoKHH>KecKmx ̲OIHaKo B 90-x ronax XV B: ""JIE M AWMQTbI, "cmpyIOm6 ̅nbMM5 ' iMM;M BblnaBaJIHCbCBeTcKHM巾eOnaJIaMTOJIbKoBPJI3aHcKOMKHH- lkeCTBe4IIByneJIax5nOPacnOPH>KeHmlO̅IMMiirjifM- "H rpaM9Ta cBeTcKQMyPeonaJIy 6bIJIa BbInaHa B XV B. ̅B ⑥ MIe4H1W pa3、、p 1489/90 n5 Mo)KHo Cka3aTb, tIT5 5 l491̲rJIBaIJIIInpeKPaT""nPe,ⅡOCTaBJIeHHe nOnaTHbIX 9fBo60)KneHIiii, npHtIGM cBeTcKHM,Ⅲ且yxOBIIblM Ii 。eO"JIaM. Ⅱ"ECTaTbHoHeHano6HocTIITHHyTbbTHrJIbIMiIJImbMIi 。 BOBcHKHenPOTOPbIIIPa3MeTbI-3TaMIIHIIMaJIbHaHⅡeKJIa- WWWaTHpR、HMMyHHTeTa-BcrpeqaeTcHBrpaMomX HHBaHalllBl492EBnocnemHmi̅6557: 。 2HCTOI)IIH Bblna[IHHMMyHIITeTHblx叩aMoT c XII no KoHeU XV B. "WW 9."QM ", 80-x rom"""Te7'6" !EMM @y 'l:WWMM A:P)WWe qjeOmaJTbHble aP)。 XiV=jXVi"""M 1951l951,cTp.113-201). BeCeJIOgCKI[曲. 3C B.BQgr9LIHoii̲Pycli. M, 1947, ①e942JIbHoe 3eMJIeBJIanleHIIe CeBepoB crp 1" 4 ACSH, T、1!!, " 359=361, 369; xn, I, JYb 8. 5 A"HX, w・I!,̲JW21, 34; ACSH, T. 1I1," 64. 6 ACSH, T・I, Nb 541. 7TaM>Ke,JYb567,568;rnB,noro且.1905,J1J1.8006.-8106,,Nh71. 12
STo 3HaIIIIT, tlTo nPaBIITeJIbcTBO IIBaHa lll nPeKPaTIIJ1o OCBo60)KnaTb lIMMyHIITeTHble BJIaneHMH He TOJIbKO OT naIIH, HMa,BeJIHKoKHH>KecKoiicJIy)K6bl,TaMrHH MblTa7HOIIOT 60JIee MeJIKIIx nJIaTe>Keii­瓜BOPUoBO-KHfl>KeCKOrO II, Mo>KeT 6blTb, BoJIocTHoro I1PoIIcxo>KneHHH. KoHeqHo, B KaKoi-To Mepe coxpaHHJlli ̲ Iop"IIIlecKyIo U cIIJIyrpaMoTbI, BblnaHHble no 90-x ronoB XV B" QJWKg" 4eiicTBIIe OrPaHHII}IBaJIocb pa3BePHyBmHMIIcH B KoHUe BeKa nmcnoBblMlronlicaHIIHMH. BKJIIoIIeHIIe liMWIy"TeTHoro BJIaU XeHIiH B onlicb d)aKTliqecKIIBJI"JIo 3a co60ii oTMeHy o9HopHblxnOlaTHblxOcBO60)K1eHIIi.nO,ITBeP>K,naHBOBToPoinoJIoBHHe 80-x ronoB oEHy m3 cBoHx npe)KHIIx ̲¥aJIoBaHHblx fPaMoTTpollUeECeprlleByMoWWLRIo,IIBaHIILIIIIe瓜ⅡIIcaJ1 co6JIIonaTbee《八ooDIIc"aBl487r.conpaBHTeJIbIIBaHa ⑪ III, erO cbIH BeJIIIKllih KHH3b HBaH HBaHOBLiq yKa3bIB2Jl 一 cBOHM Ka山HI-ICKIIM IIaMeCTHIIKaMⅡ no皿JIIiHHHKaM, IITOObl OHH《HePymHJIIIHHIIeMPPOnHCMI>cTaPble)KaJIOBaHHblerPa- MoTbI TpbilUe-CeprlieBy MQIIacTbIpIo 9. HoJIIITIIKv爵 90・x roIoB XV B. Mo>KHo cIIHTaTb nepBblM aTanoM cルIcTeMaTH[IecKoi 60pbl6bl 3a pe3Koe orpaHHIIeHIie llo- "THoro IIMMyHHTeTa Ha PyCm. Ha oTHoIIieHIIe lIBaHa lll K qJeonaJIbHoMy IIMMyHHTeTy, HecoMHellHo, noBJIIIHJIH TaKIie co6blTIIH KQ"a 70-x -Z̲IIaLIaJIa 90-x ronpB, KaK nplicoe且HHeHI,Ie HoBropo,ma, TBepli, IIam60IJIee 3HaxlHTeJIbHblx y,瓜eJIoB, OKOHIIaTeJIbHOe naneHme O"blHcKOro Hra・roc皿apb <<BceH PycII)', MeHee KIeM IIPe)K八e 3alIHTePecOBaHHblII B HO皿eP>KKe KPynHeimHx 。eomaJIoB, U U nPeKPaTmJI nPejmPcTaBJIeHme !IM IIonaTHhIx nPmBIIJIer" Ef fP3MoT3JMeJIbHbIx KIIII3eii BTopoih nqJIoBmubI xY"= U u U Haq5JIAFXVi̅E., "aK)Ke B rPaMOTax geJI"Oii KHHrm" Ma- PHHHPocJIaBHbl,TaTaPcKoro UaPeBHIIa MyxaMMe且­3MI1Ha, CblHOBem-COnP aBHTeJIe曲 HBaHallI­HBaHaHBaHOBHLIa U MoJIoHoro II ̅BacHJIHFI I'IBal-IoBH[Ia - He Ha6JIIonaeTcH cToJIb >Ke nocJIeXoBaTeJIbHoih 60pb6bl 3a orpa"IIelIIIe llonaTHoro iiMMVHIITeTa, KaK B rpaMOTax HBaHa lll. 3To roBopHT o TOM,IITOOHII ToM,̅IITO OHH6bmKrOPa3且o60JIb皿e 6blJIII rOPa3np 60JIb 3alIHTePeCOBallblBHo4ntep>KKe MecTHblx (beo八aJIOB, 'IeM BeJIIIKIIII KHFI3b. リ OIHaKo, KaK noKa3blBaeT naJIbHelimafl HcTopIIH HMMyHIIO瓜HaKo,KaKHoKa3blBaeT瓜aJIbHeHmaHHcTo”HHMMyHHTeTa, 6blJIO6b[ HeOcHOBaTeJIbHo CBH3blBaTb OrPalWIIHTeJIb- HVIOHOJII1THKVJIHmbcycnexaMIIneHTPaJIMI3a皿Ⅲ.uJ'Hnpoゴ ロ 8 AC3H, T・I, Nb 349. 9 rnB, nOrO上1. 1905, @m. 64 06.,Nb47. 13
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npB npeo6JIanaeT HcKJIIoqeWe̲li3 BoT[ImHHoii lopHc"liIIKM o"or6J,mmb4ymery6cTBa 1110pIIc皿KUHfl CBeTcKMx *eOnaJIoB B KoHUe 80-x rOnPB orPaHMIqIIBaeTcH, B cooTBeTcTBHⅢ c 60JIee paHI・IIIMH TPa瓜HullHMI1, 3Ha【mTeJIbHo Pe3[le: nyllle- ry6cTBo, pa360ii H TaTb6a c n""HblM IIacTo BblnaノlaIOT II3 c1)epb[ CgHbopmaJIbHoro cy4a CIIMnToMaTI11IHb!AiKa》KeT12 cfI HaJIIIIIIIe KOMnPoMIIccHoFI HoPMbl orPaHHqeHIIH (""THe jlyll」ery6cTBa H Pa360H C noJIIIIIHbIM) BJpaMoTe 、 14" r. IIbnaM.13 M B rpaMoTel497 r. cBeTcKI,1M *eoJIaJI,a'M 14 Pa3BHTHC皿eT, OIIeB皿HO, B CTOPOHy yHH巾HKamIII cynle6Horo IIMMyHKTeTa"eTcKmxIIJyxo9HbIx3eMJIeBJIaneJIbne9.n" MeHEHIIe 3TOii KoMnPOMHcCHoII, HO IJIH MOHacTblPem HBHO o叩aHmqHTeJIbHoih HOPMbl B IByx rPaMoTax l500 r. KIIPIIJIJIOZIjeJIo3ePCKoMyMoHacTblPlO'5HBJIHeTCH HaIIaJIbHblM MOMeHTOM nocJIe八oBaTeJIbHO nPOBO瓜HBmeroCH 3aTeM B TelIe- HIIePHnaJIeTcy)KeHHHCBeTcKOiiIOPHC且HKUHIIMOHaCTblPeit ll uepKBII. CoKp a皿eHHe MoHacTblpcKoii loPHcJHKUHII npl'I HeKoTopoM pacmHPeHIIH Cyne6HblX nPaB cBeTcKHx 。eQmaJIoB xaPaKTe- Pm3)'eTHoBbIiiaTanPa3BHTIIH。eOnaJIIi3Ma,Komac9eTcKOe 3eMJIeBJIaneHIIe yKPenJIHeTcH H Pac皿ⅢPHeTcH, cyneOHo-nO- J1皿eihcKHe。yHKn皿cBeTcK3xm,nyxOpHbIx。eOnaJIQpBn" neL7IaX Hx BJIaneHKHⅡpHO6PeTaIOT 60JIee e"IHoO6Pa3HbIii XaPaKTeP.nPOrPeCCmPyIo山Ⅱ曲ⅡPOUeCc3aKPenO皿eHHHKPecTbRHCTBa 3acTaBJIHeT nPaBIITeJIbCTBO Ha niaHHoM 3Tane Pa3- IMTIIH rOCynaPCTBellHoji UeHTPaJIMI3aUHH-ⅡPII OTCyTCTBHH xoPOmoHaJIa)KeHHO曲MeCTHOitHOJIIiUeiiCKOihCHCTeMbl-ⅡePe"BaTb B PyKII CBeTcKHx 。eO"JIOB H OcTaBJIHTb B PyKax nyxOBHblx 3eMJIeBJIaXeJIbUeB nPaBo cyna B OTHomeHHH TaTb6bl, 3Toii HaH60JIee pacnpocTpaHeHHo曲巾OPMbl HaPy- ILIeHI呪巾eo八aJIblloro nPaBonOP皿Ka・BMecTe c TeM ycHJIIIB皿eeCHneHTPaJIH30BaHHOerOCynaPCTBO6ePeTBCBOHPyKH cyⅡno又ymery6cTBy H pa360Io, T. e. TeM HPecTynJIeHIIHM, KOTOPble nPenCTaBJIHIOT KPaiiHIOIO OnaCHOCTb 4JIFI BCerO ● KJIacca PeOnaJIoB B neJIoM. '' ACSH, T. I, Nh 534, 561, 567, 568; T. II, Nb 278; rnB,n0ron. 1905, .JIn. 80 06.-81 06., Nb 71. 12 ACSH, T: 111, Nh 109, 243 (cP AC31I, T・II, M 274, T- I11, JVb llO, r且e ll3 10pHc皿皿HH IICKJIIOIIaeTCH JIHmb nymery6CTBO) '3 TaM jKe, T. 111, JYb 28,2. '4 TaM IKe, T. I, Nb 611. 15 TaM >Ke, T. l1, ,Nb 300, 301; J̅1. B. IJepenHIIH. yKa3. coII., L1. 2, CTP. 200. 15
nPHrJIMJIMCH BHHMaTeJIbHee, K IIeMy cBO,mHJIaCb B 90-x ronax XV B.­HaIIaJIe XVI B. HMMyHHTeTHafI HoJIHTIIKa BeJIIIKoKHH>KeCKOrO nPaBIITedJIbCTBa l6. J1. B. IlepenHHH cIIHTaeT 80-e rombl XV B. IIePeJIoMHblM sTanoM B aTanoM B HcTopHH HcTopHH BHyTpeHHeii BHyTpeHHeHⅡoJIIITHKHHBaHa noJIIITHKII HBalla lllllll7.Col7. Co- 6blTHFII491r. KaK 6bl HontBeJIII IIepTyno4 UeJIoii cepHeil 迦 凹 neHTPaJII13aTOPCKIIX HBJIHB neHTPam13aTOPCKmX MePOnPHHTHil, MePOnPHHTHH,HBJIHBmHxcfl co,mep)Ka- HIIeM STOro 'nePIIOna JIOMKH CTaPoii nOJ1HTHIIeCKOA CHCTeMbl. B1491r・HBaHIIIJIHKBH且HPOBaJInOcJIenHHiiCePbe3Hbli oIIar oIIno3HⅡHH­yrJIHUKoe KHH)KecTBo. B KoHUe̅ ceHTH6- p2 1491 r. oH BeJIeJI apecToBaTb AHJpeH Bac"beBIIIla <<BOJIbJlIOrO> yrJIMUKOrO H ero八eTeH H HOCJIaJI cBoIIx HaU MecTIiHKOp̲ B rJIaBHIJIe rOPO,ma nPlIcOeXIIHeHHOro yXeJIa yr・皿哩HMoJKaiicK l8. U OT rpHo" c 1492 no oKTH6pb l505 r. ("Ta cMePTM HBaHa lII)HaM M3BecTHbI 42 HMMylIIITeTHble rpaMoTbl, bbl"HHbleZ"HoM III m ero cbIHoM BacmJImeM:̅ 29 rpaMoT II"Ha !9 (23>KajHoBaIIHbIx, !13 KoTopbIx 3 He coxpaHiIJImcb, II 6 yKa311blx) ; 9 06皿Ix )KaJIoBaHHblx rpaMOT HBaHa lll }IBacHJIIIH;4)KaJIoBaHHblerPaMoTblBa6H川順20,H3KOTOム Pblx IBe He cOxPaHIIJIHCb 2' . B WoJIe l492 r. IIBaH III BblJIaJI TpHンKaJIOBaHHble rpaMoTbl・I,poHne-CeprHeBy poHne-CeprmeBy MoHacTblpIo MoHacTblpIoHa Iia ero ero BoTIIHHbl,HaBoTIIHHbl, ilaXO411 B]mIecH B nPeneJIax @JIIIKBII且HPoBaHHOro KHfI>KecTBa AHnPeHBoJIbmol、o:ByrJIHUKoM22,Be>KelLKoM23IIMo>Kaii(、KOM 24 ye3,maX. UeJIb Bblna[IM 3TIIx rPaMOT cOcTO"a B ⑭ 16yKa3a}IHoM B (hyH,maMeHTaJIbHoM MCcJIeAoBaHIM几B.IIepellHHHa aToT3TalnHMMyHIITeTHoiinoJIHTMKIIHemameJInocraToIIHono"o6Horo OCBe皿eHHH, l7 JI. B. qepeTIHHH. yKa3.c“.,11.1. M.­几, 1948, cTp. 182; I1. 2, cTp. 183, 185, 237-238, 392-393. '8 HCIMIA TJM Cn6" 1848, cTP l60; LVI@ CTP 39, 240; T. V111, crp "; Tk20, ne22aH nojIQEIIHa, pTp 356-357;. T23; cTp. 195; T: 24, crp. 208-"9; T. 27L, ̲ cTp.̲362; T. 28; cTp. 1 56, 32 1 -322; WcTId>KcI@m& JIeTOinHcHblii cBOn>. M.­几, 19'50, cTp. 9|8-99 . 19 E aTO MC"O me BxO"T "e "brOTHLIe rPaMOTbI, Bbl"HHbIe OT HMeHII ZBaHalllMecTHbIMIIBJIaCTHMHqePHbIMkPeCTbfniaM. 20 BaTo ̲LIHcJ10HeBxomTueTblp6"mbroTfIbIerpaMoTbI,BbUaHHbleoT jpleHIIBacl%IMecTHblMIIBJIacTHMHqepHbIMK#ecrbHHdM roBopH 2! oHecoxpaHIIBmHxcHrpaMoTax,MbIHMeeMBEH且yTOJIbKOIO- 'KyMeHTbl, H3BecTHble no ynoMIIHaHHRM B 4pyrlIx IIcTo[IHIMKax. 06皿ee >f EOmlilleCTBo HeCOjiPaHHBmmXcg rPaMOT, BKJIIOqaH H Te, O KOTOpblx Ⅱ IET ">Ke ynOMIIHaHHii, HaM, Pa3yMeeTCg, HeH3BeCTHO. 22 r,nB, norontl905,JJ1. 80 06.-81 06., JYb 71. 23 ACSH, T・I, Nb 568. 24 TaM測《e, Nb 567. 16
VKIJellJIeHIIH BeJIHKoKHH>KecKIIX no31皿HiM Ha npHcOenll,IHeHソ 且 llbIXTepPliToPmHx m, BePoHTHo, P OrPaHH[leHmm m"y"IWj COneP>KaHIIe HMMyHHTeTIIOII IIaCTH BCeX TPex rPaMoT OAliHaKOBO: nPaBO He THHyTb B nPOTOPbl H Pa3MeTbl; HeIIM- CynHOcTb HaIMecTHHIIbeMy Cy八y, KOnPHIIb OnfHOrO ny皿ery6cTBa>; 3anPemeHHe e310KaM CTaB'IITbgI, a He3BaHblM rOCTHM npHxoユHTbHaⅡ叩blII6PaTIIIIHbl・nO-BImHMOMy,rPaMOTbl 3aMeHIIJIH CO60iⅡpe只皿eCTBylO皿HerpaMoTblAHnpeHyrJII皿Koro. ETo rpaMoT c TIonaTHblMHnPHBIIJIerlIHMH Ha 3TII CeJIalleCOxPaHIMocb.Bo3Mo)KHo,oHH6blJIII6JIII3KHKTeK- CTyrl)aMOT,̅BblnaHHblX̅e皿e八onepexoJayrJIIIIIalIBe>KeXKa|BymeJI.Hayr皿皿KHeceJIaHMeJ1acbrpaMoTa l455r.25, a lla 6e>KeUKHe - 1462 1,. 26, KOTOpl]le OCBO60)KnaJI'II OT |H1Ma, IIOABO4, MblTa, TaMI、M II IIp. ECJII1 3TII IIpliBWIerml He 6blJIH oTMeHeHbl AH八PeeM, TO MO>KHO nPe,皿OJIaraTb, IITO rPaMOTbl l492r.。aKTHIIecKHoTMeHHJIⅢⅡonaTHoii|cTaTyccepenJIHbI XV B. 3anoBenHblii pa3XeJI rpaMoT xapaKTepH3yeT cJIoKHB- Ⅱ111eCFIBnePllOXkHH)KeHIinHBaHalllHOPMbl"nPaBa.yCIIJIeHI-lble CallK皿HnPOTHB He3BaHLIx rOCTeii (Pa3PemeHIIe 6paTb c HIIx 3a y6biTKM B R B o e 6e3 cyna H 6e3 1icnpaBbl) BnePBble6blJIHCqJOPMy皿ll9BUIbl。BBeJIHK9KHH>KeCW̲W: MoTax 60-x ro,npB XV B. 27 3Toit cTaTbeii MoHacTblPcKHM BJIaCTFIM naBaJIIIcbmHPOKme nOJIHOMOIIHH IJIfl nPecJIe八OBa- llllF! IIaPymllTeJIeii 。eOnaJIbHOrO nPaBOnOP"Ka, qTQ OTBe- IIaJIO MHTePeCaM rOCnOnICTBylO皿erO KJIaCCa B neJIoM・B MecTe c TeM B rpaMoTax 1492 r. He npHMeHHJIHcb aHaJIorlIIIHible yC"eHHble caHKmiH nPOTIIB e310KOB, KOTOPble Mbl BCTPe- 、IaeM IIIIorna B rPaMOTax CePe皿Hbl XV B. 28 eTo oTpa>KaeT poc1. 06fI3aHHocTeiI TJIrJIoro HaceJIeHHH Ho oTHomeHIIIo K KI・IfnKeCKHM nOCJIaHHHKaM、 TaKIIM O6Pa30M, nPHH3BecTHOii KoMnPOMHccHOCTH He- cy八mMoIoIi33noBeniHciropa3nleJIoB,rpaMoTbl。1492r.Pb" cyry6() crPaHIIIIHTeJIbHblMII B IIacTH, KacalO皿eHcH nonaTHorO M M M V H I n e Ta , Oco60e 3HaqeHHe HMeJIa cTaTbH, ycTaHaBJIIIBaBmaH nOncyJJIoCTb HryMeHa BeJIHKOMy KHFI310 B IICKOBblx ,meJIax29. 5TaM >Ke, Nb 254. 2 6TaM )Ke, M 304. 2 2 7TaM >Ke, Nb 312, 315, 322, 323ⅢⅡp、 8 2 9TaM Me, T. 11, JVb l70; A3MX, q. 1, M 247. 2 'r. e. B cJIyLIaJIx, Koma KTo-IJIII60 nPeⅡ'EJIBJIHJI HryMeHy IIcK, IIcKaJI Ha IIerO CyAa H ynpaBbl. 2 C 、 M ・ K a 皿 Ta H o B 17
3TIIM HBaH III HO Cyme:CTBy OTMeHHJI IOPHC1mKu'IIIO MIITPOIIOJIIITa B OTHOmeHHII MryMeHa TPOI皿e-CepmeBa MoHacTbl・ " 30. Kypc Ha oTpblB MoHacTblpeii oT UepKoBHoAHePaPxHM B o6JIacTH cyna m ycHJIeHIIe Hx叩aBOBOii 3aBH|CHMOCTH OT BeJIIIKoro KHH3H nplIo6peTaJI nporpaMIMHblii xapaKTep, II|60 TpoHuIKHii MoHacTblpb 6blJI KpynHeiimIIM. npoBenleHHe aToro KyPca O3HaIIaJIO PacKOJI e4IIHOi UePKOBHOii OPraHII3aUHH H u npoTHBo|nocTaBJIeHIie onHIIx ee [Ia,cTeH npyrHM. BecbMa cnep>KaHIIoh 6blJIa mMMyHMTeTHaH noJIHTIIKa l'lBaHa lll B 1493 r. OT 3Toro rona Mbl llMeeM ABe ero yKa3Hble rPaMOTbl, Pa3PemalOUHe 6e3MblTHblhⅡPOBO3くMOHacTblpcKoro)D xJIe6a B KIIpHJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKHii 31 H TpoHne- CeFrHeB 32 MoHacTapH. OqeBHJHo, B o60Hx cJIy(IaHx peIIb 山皿I O xJIe6e, HBJIHBmeMCfl nPOlyKTOBoii PeHToii, KoToPaH I10cTynaJIa B MoHacTblplI H3 Mx ceJIbcKHx BoTIIHH. B rpaMoTe, KacaIomeiicH TpoIme-CeprIIeBa MoHacTblpH, 3To yKa3aHo COBePmeHHo HcHO:《Hx xJIe6 H3 Hx ceJIa H3 MOHaCTblPcKOrO H3 myxo6aJIa)> (Cy34aJIbcKoro ye3") . O KHpHJIJIoBcKoM xJIe6e cKa3aHO HOIITII B TeX >Ke BblPa)KeHIIHx, HO He Ha3BaHbl Ce(JIa, H3 KOToPblX OH PPCTaBIHJIcH: <<Hx xJIe6 MOHacTblPbCKOH皿eT II3 PocToBa B KmplIJIoB MoHacTblpb>> (Bo3Mo)KHo, 3TO 6blJI IIacTH【IHo H HoKvnHoih xJIe6) 33. ­ ■ nblTaHcb 'o6'bHcHHTb coJKep>KaHIIe paccMaTpHBaeMblx rl)aMOT, HeJIb3H He O6PaTHTb BHHMaHIIH Ha TO o6CToHTeJIbCTBo, IITo eme B ceHTH6pe l491 r・HBaH III <<TOPr nePeBeJI oT 30 HacToHTeJIb BenajIcH rJIa'Boii Toii enapxIIH, r八e HaXOmHJICH MOHa'CTblPb. no3ToMy He llMeeT 3HaIIeIIHH To, 'ITo 3eMJIH, Ha KoTopble MoHacTbl,pb noJryIIIIJI B 1492 r. rpaMoTbl, 6blJIH pacnoJIo>KeHbl IIa'cTIIIIHo B PocToBcKoit enapxHH (o npHHa,mJIejKHocTII K Heil yrJIHIIa cM.: AC3H, T、111, JMh 84; H. n o K p o B c K MI ii. PyccKHe enapxHH B XVI-XIX BB., T. 1. Ka3aHb, 1897, cTp. 66, 105) , IIacTIIIIHo B HoB|ropo,mcKoii, Ky,ma Bxo"JI Be]KenK" Bepx (H. n o K P o B ,c'KⅢ曲. yKa3. cou, cTp. 66, 99, 100) . BpH八enoITBep>KJleHIIii 15151 r、K )KaJIOBaHHblM rpaMOTaM, BblnaHHLIM TI)oHIIe-CeprHeBy MoHacTblpIo B 1492 r.Hno3八Hee,BoccTaHaBJIHBaJIOcbnPaBO CB兄THTeJIbCKOrO Cy且a Ha瓜HryMeHOM, n、pm aTOM BO BCex 叩aMOTax, B TOM IIHCdme l・I B OTHOCH皿HXCfI K Be)KenKOMy II POCTOBCKoMy ye3,naM, PeIIb皿eT o cy,Ue MIITpoIIoJ1IITa (AC31'i, T. I,Nb 568; Xn, I, Nb 174, 181 1I ".). B coxpaHI1B皿eMcFI cmlcKe rpaMoTbl l 492 r. Ha yrJIImKI,Ie ce0ma nontTBep>KneHIIH l551 r. IIeT, nocKoJIbKy caM cHH,coK naTHpyeTcJI 30-MII ronaMII XVI B. 31 ACSII.T. 11. M 292. 32 TaM )Ke, T. 1, Nb 573. 、 33J1.B. IIepenHHH cIIHTaeT, xITo B aToii rpaMoTe <IiMeIoTcH yKa3aHHH Ha MoHacTblpcKylo ToproBJIIo xJIe60M> (Ⅱ.B. qepenHIIH. yKa3. ʻCO'1., q. 2, cTp. 224) . HcToIlHHK He "eT ocHoBaH砿八皿cToJIbKaTeropH1IeCKorO BblBorma. 18
TpOIIM Ha rOpO,nOK B PanpHe)Kb> 34. yn0MHHaHIIe o6 3TOM B JIeTOnHCHⅡOKa3blBaeT, IITO mar HBaHa lll llMeJI Ba)KIIOe U 311aIIeHMe, OIHaKO JIeTOⅡHCeU He PaCKPblBaeT HaM PeaJIbHbllI cMbICJI OTMeIIeHHoro HM 。aKTa. H3 4Byx nO3皿ehmHx rpaMOT O JIHKBH且auHH Topra non KHpIIJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKHM (1533 r.) 35 II BJIaroBemeHcKIIM KHp)KaUKIIM (1537 r.) 36 MOHaCTblPHMH MO>KeT CJIo)KHTbcH BIIeqaT4meHHe, IITO HOIMO⑤ 。 一 H a c T b l p H b l H To p r - H B J I e H H e , K P a H H e n a r y O H o o Tp a ) K a B m e e 。 C兜HanOJIO]KeHHHMOHaCTblPCKOrO xO3HIICTBa M MOHaCTblP- cKIIx KpecTbHH H3-3a <<HacIIJIbcTBa)> ToproBblx JIIonleit. OIHa一 KO BCe neJIO CocToHJIO B nPaBe COOPa TaMo)KeHIIblx nomJIIIH c ToProBblx JIIonteii: ecJIH MoHacTblPb o6JIanaJI sTIIM npaBoM, nOJMoHaCTblPHblii TOPr 6blJI n(JIH Hero KPaihHe BblrO"IOii CT aTbe曲八OXO八oB. Mo>KHo XyMaTb, IITo TpoH1e-CeprmeB MoHacTblPb PaCnoJIaraJI IIPaBOM KoHTPoJIH 3a TOPrOB"e曲Ⅱ C60Pa nOmJIHH IIa lToJMOHacTblPHOM TOPre, KaK, O[IeBIi皿10, HMeJI OH eme B 1539 r. 3To npaBo B FBoeM ceJIe Me八He 37. HHblMH cJIoBaMH, neiMcTBIie l/IBaHa lll B l491 r. 6blJIo, cKopee Bcero, He B HHTepecax MoHacTblpH. BⅢⅡHMo, OT nePellOca TOpra BblHrPblBaJI PeMeCJIeHHO-TOProBblii UeHTp PaXOHe>K, HaxOユHB皿城cH B lO BepcTax oT MoHacTblpH. 3To HOKa3blBaeT, C OnHOii CTOPOHbl, HOBblii nO且乃eM rO- po4cKoii )KII3HH B KoHUe XV B., c "yroiI cTopoHbl, cTpeM,JIeHHe BeJIHKOKHH)KeCKOrO nPaBHTeJIbCTBa OCBO60nHTb BHyTPeHHIOIo TOPrOBJIIO OT MOHacTblPCKOrO KOHTPOJIH H JIHKBH- JHPOBaTb TaMoJKeHHble nPaBa MOHaCTbIPeil. B sToM >Ke pycJIe noJIHTHKH HaxoXHTcH Bb皿aIIa rPaMoT 0 6ecno皿JIHHHoM npoBo3e MoHacTblpcKoro xJIe6a KIIpHJIJIoBeJIo3epcKIIM H TpoIIUe-CepmeBbIM MoHacTblpHMm. Ho 3neCb Mbl HMeeM八eJIo C JPyrOit CTOPOHo曲orP aHIIIIHTeJIbHoii noJIHTIIKII - 6opb60曲ⅡPOTIIB nPHBHJIerHPOBaHIIorO nOJIO)KeHIIH MoHacTblpeii Ha BHyTpeHHeM pbIHKe He KaK c60pmHKoB TaMoJKeHHblx nomJIHH, a KaK yrlacTHHKoB TOProBJIH, Kyn- UoB. rPaMoTe l493 r., KacaIo皿eiicH TpoHUe-CeprHeBa MoHaCTblPH 38, npe1meCTBoBaJIa rPaMoTa HBaHa lll, IIOcJIaHHaH B q)eBpaJIe l490 r. B ToT )Ke IOpbeB HoJIbcKo曲l・l aMeCTHHKy nalllIJly MHxaiiJIoBHLIy: 4<BHJI MH [IeJIoM TPoHUKoil ... HryMeH AdJoHacei..,, a cKaBblBaeT, [ITo八eH Bo3fITHx】KHTo 34 nPCJI, T. V111, cTp. 223; T・XII, cTP. 232; T. 27, cl、p.362; T. 28, cTp・156. 35 pHB, T. 32, M 128. 36 AH, T. I, M 138. 37 AA3, T. I, M 188. 38 0 Heii CM・Ta!K)Ke; J1. B. q e p e n H II 'H. yKa3. coI1., u 2, cTp. 2|24. 1 9 2 *
MaHacTblpcKoe B MOHacTbiPb li3 Hx ceJIa lI3 myxo6a", Il TI,I neI,I ,Ha HIIx eMJIemb MblTHⅡomJIIJHb" 39. B rpaMoTe 3a- IIpemaJIocb 6paTb nomJIIIHbl c MoHacTblpc,Koro xJIe6a, Ho eJBa JIII Mbl Omli6eMCH, nPe瓜ⅡOJIO)KHB, IITO nleiiCTBIIfl HaMecTHFIKa 6blJilI . Bbl3BaHbl nPOBOpHBmeii,CH BeJIHKHIM KHH3eM nOJIIITHKOji OTMeHbl TaMO)KeHHblx nPlIBWIernit MOHaCTblPeik. OXHaKo npaBIITeJIbcTBo, cToH Ha cTpa)Ke KopeHHblx HIHTepe○ cOB rOcHOI'CTByloUerO KJIacCa, BblCTynaJIO C Ho3HnHHKJIaC- CCBO曲《CIIPaBenJIIIBOCTI1>: OIIO He MOI、JIO,npiiTII,瓜o o6JIo>Ke1冊呪TaMO>KellIIbl MH ⅡO皿JIIIHaMH BOTIIIIHIIblx nePeBO30K HeToProBoro xaPaKTePa.ⅢTeM He MeHee 60Pb6a 6blJIa cT|OJIbo,CTPOit,aKPIITePmⅡ八J1HOTJIH[IeHIIHBOTIIMIHblXO6030B OT TOPrOBblX 3KCne皿皿油一CToJIb He'IeTKHMII, IITO, KaK flBcTByeT H3 rpaMoTbl l493 r., HoBblii lopbeBcKIM HaMecTIIIIK CeMeH KapmoBHII B3jlJI c BoTIIIIHHoro o603a MblT B pa3Mepe l 1/2 py6"月Ⅱ9 4eHer. y]Ke B rpaMoTe l490 r. co八eP>Ka!jlaCb cIIeUmaJIbHaH CTaTbH, 3anPemaBmaH MOHaCTblPCKHM KPeCTbHHaMHHOCTO- PoHHIIM JIIOMM 6eCnOmJIIIHHO nPOBO31ITb (Pa3yMeeTCH,皿H nPopa>KH) cBoe班HTO HOIB皿OM MOHaCTblPcKOro,ⅢⅡp eXy- CMaTPMBaJIHCbCOOTBeTCTBylO皿HecaHKUHH:《AxTonoenleT C HIIMHHX KPeCTbflH, HJIH HHOih XTO CBOHM >KIITOM, a yIIHyT nPoBOIHTII 3a MOHaCTIJIPbcKOih xJIe6, II TbI IIa Tex HomJI MHy eMJII1, na TOrlbI H Cb lix C MaHaCTblPbCKblX CaHehnOmJIIIHy BO3MH BcIO, II OHH II Bnepen He nPoJIblraIoTCFI>. STa CTaTbH HoBTopeHa B rpaMoTe l493 r. 3anpemeHIie npoBo3HTb IIy- x〈oii ToBap BcTpeIIaeTcH y]Ke B e4HHIIIIHblx rpaMoTax 6080-x ro八oB XV B. 40, caHKm、IIII >Ke 3a nPOBO3 HeMOHacTblPcKoro ToBapa nteKJIapIIpyloTcH B rpaMoTe l490 r.BnePBLIe. TaKIIM o6pa30M, rpaMoTbl l493 r. noHBIIJIIIcb B pe3yJIbTaTe m3BeCTHOrO KOMnPOMIICCa Me>Kny BeJIIIKOKIIH>KeCKMM nPaBIITeJIbcTBOM H KpynHehmHMII MOHaCTbIPHMH: B3aMeH 3anPemeHHHMOHaCTblPCKoi6ecnomJIIIHHOiiTOPrOBJIIIMOHacTbl"M raPaHTmPOBaJICH 6eCnOmJIHHHblknPOBO3 1IX BOTLIHHHblx xJIe6HbIx nPxOnPB・nPoBeneHHe aTOrO KyPCa TaMO)KeHHoii noJIIITIIKII IIaIIaJIocb c l489/90 r., oT KoToporo, KpoMe ynOMHIIyTOii TPoHHKoii l、PaMOTbl, JPmJIa rPaMOTa, Pa3Pe- maIomaH KIIpmJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTblplo 6ecnQmJII1HHblii nPOBO3 PyJKHOro XJIe6a 4! (T. e. xJIe6HOrO )KaJIOBaHIffl, noJIVIIdeMoro̅ jIoHacTblDeM V鐘 BeJIHKoKHH>KecKHx HoceJIbcKIIx) . ご ▲ 39 rnB, noro'n. 1905, n. 66 06., Nh 51. 40 ACal'I, T. I, Nb 453; T 11, M 256, 460 41 TaM >Ke, T. 11, M 279. 20
2.Bonpoc o no八mTImeCKOM CTaTyCe HaCJkeNHIIKOB IIBaHa lII KoHKpeTHbIe noJIHTHqecKIIe MoTIIBl21 BblnaLIII rpaMoT 1493 r. 06'乃兄CHIITb八oBoJIbHo TpyXHo. Bo BcHKoM cJIy[lae, HII B CaMHX rPaMOTaX, HH B JIeTonHCHbIx TeKcTax Mbl He HaimeMnPHMOrOOTBeTaHa3TOTBOnPoG・OcTaeycH conocTaBIITb xPOHOJIOrmlO rPaMOT C Mx reOrPabnqeCKOimPmypoIIeHHOCTblO・ O6erpaMoTbIB311aIIHTeJIbHoiiMepeoTHQcHTcHKpaiioIIy PocToBo-Cy3"JIbcKoii 3eMJIII: rpaMOTa o KHpIIJILoBe MoHaCTblPe6blJIanOCJIaHaBroPo,ⅡaoTPOCTOBanPBeJIOO3ePa, rpaMoTa o TpomUe-CepmeBe MoHacTbIpe - B IOpbeB noJIbcKOik. MO)KHo CKa3aTb H HHaIIe: rPaMOTbl OTHOcIIJIHCb.K TeP- pHTOpHHpocToBo-mpocJIaBcKo-6eJIo3epcIf9iiKcy3"JIbcKoii 6IIapiKIIii. ̅JIeTonHcHble TeKcThl KoHnla XV B. noKa3blBaloT oco6yIo poJIb, KoTopaH npHHanJIe>KaJIa B sTo BpeMH apxII- elllIcKony pocToBcKoMy. OH 。IIrypHpyeT E Ka[IecTBe BTopor9 HO 3HalleHIIIo JIHna noCJIe MIITPonoJIIITa. ToJIbKo pocToBcK" IIHOBrOPOXCKIIiliePaPXHHOC"HaPxIIenHCKOHcKIIitTHTyJI, ocTaJIbHLIe 6bImi enHcKonaMH. EcJIH】Ke y'IeCTb, IITO B nePBoiⅡoJIoBHHe 90-x ronoB XV B. o>KecToIIeHHaH IIneIIHo-noJIH- THIIecKafl 60pb6a Me>Kny MIITponoJIHToM 30cHMoii II HQBro- po八cKmMa"IIenmcKonoMreHHa"eMoTIlacTI]ocJIa6JIMVIa nOJIIITHIIeCKHii aBTOPHTeT TOrOH瓜PyrOTO, 3HaIIeHIIeくHeHT- PaJIbHorO)>POCTOBCKOrOaPxIIenHcKonaTIixoHa6ynleTTpyn4 110 nPeyBeJIHIIHTb. U nO3HUIIH UePKBH HO oTHOmeHmo K UeHTPaJII13aToPCKOII nOJIIITMKe BeJIHKIIx KHH3eii BCerna OTJIHIIaJIaCb HenOcJIenPBa- TGJIbHocTbIQ UepKoBb poneiicTBqpaJIa o6pe皿HeHIIIO,。 HO lle pP KoHna, C HocToHHHOii OrJIflJIKOii Ha CBOH《BCeP OccH HcKIIH》 npecTH)K,HacBoIoPoJIb<<BcepoccIIMcKoro>ap6HTpa.OKoHIIaTeJ1bHaFI JIIIKBH瓜anHH yneJIbHblx KHfDKecTB He OTBeIIaJIa no3ToMy noJIHTIIIIecKIIM HHTepecaM UepKBII. TIInorpa*cKaH JIeTOⅡHCbn皿7006 (1497/98) r. paccKa3blBaeT o ToM2 KaK I'IBaH III no>KeJIaJI (a 。aKTHIIeCKH, BePOHTHo, 6blJI BblHy>KneH) ny6JIIIIIHo noKaHTbcH nepeni MHTponoJIHToM, apxH- elIHCKoNoM (pocToBcKHM) H enHcKonaMH 3a nory6JIeHHe AHIIpeH ymHⅡKoro 42. B 1497 r. cMepTb AHnPeH 6blJIa JIIImb 42 HCPJI, T. 24, cTp. 2 1 3 ­ 2 1 4 . B T. H . 《CBO八e l497 r.> 3To co6blTIIe onHcaHo nonl 7005 r (HCPJI, T. 28, CTp 160) . 21 a
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TaKoe cTporo BbInep>KaHHoe pa'cnpemeJIeHHe Bo BpeMeHII MaTePHaJIOB, OTHOCHmIIxC3 K Pa3JIIIIIHblM TePPHTOPWIM, 3acTaBJIHeTHo-HOBOMynOnOiiTHK cTaBJIHeTⅡo-HOBOMyI10ⅡOHTH K瓜aTHPOBKe naTHPOBKe HeⅡaTHPOBa'H'Hblx HenaTHPOBa'H'Hblx mcroqHIIKoB, B KoTopblx "ryplipyeT HBaH HBaHoBiIq. npeZEaPmTeJIbHO OTMeTHM, qTO HII B rPaMoTax TBePcKOTO nePliOna, HH B HepexoTcKIIx cynHblx 'cmicKax l488-1490 rr.̅ HeT HHKaKIIx 'cBeneHHH O nbHKax, yIIaCTBOBaBmHx B co,CTaBJIeHIIH u IoKyMeHTo'B. HanpoTHB, BonHo向Ⅱ3|rPaMOTcy3naJIbCKorO nePHOJa ynoMm'HaeTCH1bHK BacH皿I曲且OJIMaTOB 57. y>Ke H・A.roJIy6UoBnpaBMJIbHo,cHameiiTotlIkII3peHIIH,nOmE TaJIcH cy3HTb naTIIpoBKy !nonnHcHoro IoKJIanHoro 'cVIHoro cⅡⅢ'cKa Ha cⅡopHble3eMJIH'Cy3ⅡaJIb'cKoro ye3瓜a,B KoTopoM U gynibeII U nocJIeXHeH IIHcTaHUlIII HBJIHeTcH BeJIHKHii U KIm3b HBaHIIBaHOBHII,anoKyMeHT,no皿HcaHBa'c"HeMUoJIMaToBpLM5ayqIITbIB",JITonomBepmIITeJIbHylonomm65H"la MBaHoBIIqa l483/84 r. Ha >KdJIoBaHHof rpaM6Te Cn"- EBql"iLeBy̲MoHacTblplocKpenIMXbHKBadnoJIMaToB59, I'1.A・roJIy6UoBBblnBIIHyJIBKaIIecTBeHaqaJIbilOitBo3Mo>KA HoII naTbl noKyMeHTa l483-1484 rl、., <KOrna K neJIy Mor U ⑪ U HMeTh、 oIIIomeHHe ynoMHHaeMblii 3necb XbHK Bac. UoJIMa- TOB》60.nPaBⅡa,O且HOBPeMeHHO aBToP HcxoユHJI H306皿Hx 一 ⑪ cOOOPa >KeHHHo BeJIHKOM KHH>KeHHH HBaHa IIBaHOBHIIa nO MWa l420 r" no3ToMy naTMpoBan noKyMeHT 1484= 1490 rr. O"aKo noKa3aHHoe BbIme cTpOro "oHoJIoriiIIe⑪ "9e Pa'cnPen(eJIeHIie mCToqHHKOB Pa3JIIIqHOii TePPHToPIIaJIbU HoHⅡpllypoIIeHHocTH H oTcyTcTBHe ynoMHHaH" mbHKa BaU PWIH .MIMaTOBaBrPaMOTaXHBAHaHBaHOBiitlaKOm l485-1490rr・TPe6yIoTeUe60JIbmerocy>KeH""TliPOBKH H 9rP3"IIe"H ee BPeMeHeM Me>Kny oceHbIo 1483 r・H Bec- Hoii l485r. TaKaH JKe "TIipoBKa HiII60JIee o60cHoBaHa m U npaBoIi rpaMoTbl cyna K HayMoBa, 'HaqaToro <<no BeJIIIKOro "IBaIoTcH ,Tep2HTopHaJILHble aTpH6yU": <BeJIIIKoro KHH3H HBaHa llBa"*.(A;、9、p eJII K"o BPyc6Kme MoHeTU m i547fr6Tj̅51= ",̲ MW3="l:̲2 g JJyl)be 6qHTaeT, qTO II|" "aliliBiitrn5hy[IWI TIITyJI BeJJHKOI、9̅KIUI32 TBel)CKQrO HaP"y C THTyJIOM Be:ⅢHKOro KH,13flMOCKOBCKOrO(H・9、IIypbeJMe9"rll[iecKajI66pb6aBpyccKOi ""IWFT"e̲ KoHUa XV =ilauaIIa XVI BeKa M=̅jif' MO; cTp 3901 HcToqHHKoB, Ha3bIBaloUmx ero BeJIMKIIM KH"eM̅rtilodf6E」 ー〆C K H M > , M b l 、 ノ He3HaeM、 "91i,̲jl,J1,r、Nb 44fP "c noJIMaToBe cM: JI B II e P en H II M yKa3. coII., II. 2, cTp. 309-310. 58 ACSH, T. 11, Nb 481. 59 TaM >Ke, M 44|4. 60 TaM )Ke, cTp. 521. 26
KHFI3FI rPaMOTe lIBaHa l'IBaHoBIIIIa》mPacCM aTPHBaBme|rO TH)K6V63eMJIeBpaiioHeropoxoBUa61. nfITb nPaBblx rPaMOT, HOMemeH'Hblx B nePBoM TOMe ACaZ, Z A. roJIy6noB XaTIIpoBaJI 1485-1490 rr. Ha qgHo- mmirCEOeronPeiCTaBJIeH"qj<BeJIHKOMKHHIKeHm"HBaHa lIBaHoBHIIa 'B 3To ,nflTIIJIeTHe62. Bo BTopoM ToMe H3naTeJIb OTKa3aJI」cH OT 3TOit HCXOEHOii nOcblJIKII H yKa3aJI B KaIIeCTBe BPeMeHIIBeJIIIKOrOKHH>KeHlimm"HamBaHOBIIII4"nPJIge nJIHTeJIbllblHHepHoユーcHatlaJIa70-xroXoBnol490r., U 3aMeTHB nPH 3TOM, IITO《Ⅱo 80-x roXoB THTyJI He cBH3bI BaJIC凡Ⅱo-BH瓜mMoMy,cynpaBJ1eHHeMonpeXeJIeHHoHTePPIITOPHeih>> 63. U me m3 nHTm PacCMaTP|mBaeMbIXrPaMOT oTHggHTcH KHK HeJIB6KoMy 64H Bepxmy6eHcKoMy 65cTaHaMnepeciI¥JIb- 3aJ,eccKofoye3na,o6eTIo皿Hca'HblXbflKoMBacH皿eMHoル MaTOBbIM. BeJIHKHii KIIH3b IIBaH IiBaHOBHII BblCTynaeT B ひ U 3THXIOKyMeHTaXKaK'CynbH,HenOCPenJCTPeHHOBe瓜皿1IHneJIO, oH H"BjiHeTcH <<rocy"peM> 'nonloneqHoii TeppIITop" Cy" noⅡo皿HcH B. noJIMaTOBa, rpaMoTbl Mo>KHo |6blJIo 6bl oTHe- cTH K IIepBoii noJIoBIIHe 80-x ronoB. CKopee Bcero gjlHⅡo⑪ HBHJIIf'Cb .B CaMoM HaIIaJIe IIx, eme nP nOJIyIIeHHH I'IBaHOM U HBaHOBIIIIeM |cy3XaJIbcKO-'raJIHnKO-KOCTPOMcKOPI TePPlITOPHH, II60 B IoKyMeHTax o'ceHH 1483 r.­BecHbl l485 r. HeT naHHblx o n"BeXoMcTBeHHocTH eMy nepecJIaBcKoro ye3na. 。 3a HaIIaJIo 80-x roIoB roBoPHT II |To, II|To B KIIHeJIbcKoli rpa- MOTe IICTUbl-BOT[IIIHHIIKII ynOMIIHaIOT KaK HenaBHee 'Co6blTIie cBoeoTcyTcTBHenonpmqiiHeHoBroponIcKoronoxo":<<AMbI, rOCHO且mHe, 6blJIH c OTUOM |C TBOHM, c BeJIIIKHM 'KHH3eM, Ha cJIv)K6eBHoBeroponeBBeJIHKoM》、BKapbepeHBa'Hal/IBaHOBHuaoTnpaBJIe"e XoJDKHocTH cynbH BnepecJIaBJIe-3aゴ JIe'ccKoM 6blJIo, Mo>KeT '6blTb, nepexoXHbIM sTanoM oT neH- TeJIbHocTHB且MHTPOBeKBblⅡOJTHeHⅥIo60JIeeOTBeTcTBeHHoH TeJIbHocTH B nMIITPOBe K BblHOJTHeHHIo 60JIee OTBeTcTBeHHoii MIIccIIH B o6JIacTII CV3naJIH H KocTpoMbl. UBe npyrlIe rpaMoTbl, 6JIH3KHe Mexmy co'60imo ,opMyr JIHPyHcoCTaBy XeHICTBylO皿IIxmm,KacaloTcFI3aJIeccKoih U U U BoJIocTM KocTPoMcKoro ye3ma H He HMeloT 4bflLlbeH IIo皿H- cpI 66. B o60HX XoKyMeHTax HBaH IIBaHoBwI 。H'rypHpyeT B 61 TaM >Ke, JVb 483 (3necb naTHpyeTcH 1485-1490 rr.) . 62 TaM )Ke, T. I, JVb 521|-525. 63 TaM >Ke, T. II, cTp. 521. 64 TaM )Ke, T. I, Nb 521. 65 TaM >Ke, Nb 522. 66 TaM )Ke, Nb 524, 525. 1 2 7
KaqeCTBe <<rOCynaPH>> II CynbⅢⅡOcJIenHei IIHcTaHuHII. Ha ocHoBa'HHH TePplITOP]IaJIbHo曲ⅡPHHaXJIe)KHOCTII rPaMOT H CyBePeHHOii POJIIIHBaHa HBaHaHBaHoBHIIa lIBaHOBHIIa oT'HocHM3TH1oKVMeHOTHOcIIM 3T cyBepeHHoKpoJIH TblKoceHH1483-BecHel485r.,B'cooTBeTcTBHIIcTEppHToplJaJIbHo-xPOHOJIOrHIIecKHM PacnPen<eJIeHIieM AaTIIPoBaHHOrO MaTePHaJIa, Oco6eliHbliHHTepecnpe4cTaBJIHeTnpaBaHrpaMoTaHa U U nyQIo" KammHo B 3aJIeccKoit BoJIocTH KocTpoMcKoro ye3Xa 67. HaM Ka)KeTcH, qTo noKyMeHT 3ToT cobTaBJIHJIcjf 'Iie enIIHOBPeMeHHO. nePBaH erO qacTb-ⅡPoToKoJI cy" Ky3bMbl KノIIIMeHTbeBa, nPOII3BO瓜HBmerO Pa&C'CJIenPBaHIie KnO rOヅ cynaPH cBOerO rPaMOTe BeJIHKOro KHFI3兄 H'BaHa IIBaHO- BHIIa》­MO>KeT6blTbOTHeceHa,O[IeBHJHO, K cy3,maJIbCKOEJIHIIKo-KOcTPoMcKOMy nePHOJy n<eHTeJIbHOcTII HBaHa HBaHoBHIIa.3arMBJ(oKyMeHTEnoHBJIHIoT,cFIHeKoToPble <<frPaHHOCT". nOcJIe nOCJIeXHeii bPa3bl TIePBoi qaCTil U 《HO ceMCyn<bfI HJrbCH nOJIO>KMTII oChbnaPH cBberO Be皿KOrO KH FI3H》­BMeCTO O)KHIaeMOrO cOO6meHIIH O XOKJIane HBa- HyHBaHOBIiqyliOerOPemeHHHIIneT3aHBJIeHmeOmOrOII3 U cBIIneTeJIeR coBceM npyroMy JIHUy - HIIK. Bac. BeKJIeMH- meBy, 1nPen'CTaBIITeJIIO HBalla lll, nPH[IeM 3aHBJIeHHe, HBHo KOMnPOMeTHPyIO皿ee U CyJIHblH cIIIICoK, nonaIHHbIit U Ha Pac久 U CMOTPeHHe:くAMpeiiKogKa3aJI,qTocyn6blJIHeTaKoB;KaK nH'caIHoB'ceM|cHIIcKy>>.TaKoe3aHBJIeHmeMoJKHo6blJIocmeJIaTbTOJIbKoIIOHCTelleHHHKaKorO-TOnPOMe>KyTKaBPeMeHH nOcJIe oKOHrlaHIIFI CynPmPOH3BoXCTBa. nJIH Hac Ba)KHO nO- cTaHoBJIeHHeH・B. BeKJIeMHmeBa, KOToPblH <<Be@JIeJI cyntbe Ky3MeKIIHMeHTligByo601ijwHcUeMcp6KyqmHIITmn6" BeJIIIKHMKHH3eMIIBaHoMHBaHoBIIqeM,̅KaKY6y,meT ycB6efd 章 U 9JIa y geJIHKoro KHH3fI co TBepm, noToMy (ITo ,KiIfl3b EeJIIIK" 四 HBaHBacnJIbeBHIIbBceHPyciIBeJIeJIc"b!3eMJ1HHbleoTJi5: >KHTH IO CBOerO CbI|Ha, 40 BeJIHKOrO KHH3H>. meJIO He nPe,mnolaraJIoIcb pemHTb B caMoe 6JIm>Kaiimee BPeMH: He tJIV④ u J u IIamHO BeJIHKOKHH>KecKKii nbHK JIeoHTHii no IIaHHO BeJIHKOKHH>KecKHHⅡbHKJIeoHTHHⅡo旦ⅡH|CaJI pe30JIIO- UHIo BeKJIeMI1meBa <naMflTIi neJI" (IITo6bl lle 3a6blTb) . JIH皿.,noCJIeaTorOqliTaeMTPeTblO̲linocJIeXHIoIOqacTbrP3 MOTbl, rne OHIICblBaeTCH nPKJIa瓜 HBaHy HBaHOBHLIy, PaC- CMOTPeHIIe IIM H Peme'HIIe 3ToTO neJIa. JyM"TcH,qToTH>KPaBo3HIIKJIaHe3amoJIromonepee3ma HBaHaHBaHoBII[IaBTBepb,Bo306HoBJIelia>Ke6bl"ノIaBⅡe67 ACSII, T. 11, M 523 一 一 28 戸
pIIo且1eflTeJ1bH OCTHHBaHa l/IBaHoBIItla TBepll, B 11, cKopee, 6JII1>Ke K KOHUy, HeM K HaqaJIy aTorO nePmOna, nOCKO"Ky MBaHIII.OIIeBⅡ1ilO,y>KenPliHFIJIPemeHIIeoIIgPeBOJIeHBaHa HBaHoBIIIIa II3 TBepH・BblcKa3blBaHIIe BeKJIeMH'meB8 《KaK 6yneT CBOerO y OUa..・co TBepII》瓜OcTaTOKIHO o'cTOPO)K- ii67̅TI6'56piTliM BHIIMaHme, ̲'iro nogle MapTa l4Q@ r"eI MM6EaKimBHoiinoJIllTIIKIIIIBaHaHBaHoBMqaBTBepcKoii U U 3eMJIe.BⅡ瓜HMO,HaMe[IaJICFIHenPIMe31cblHaarOCTIIKOTUy, i(3KMo>KH6noiyMaTb,qIITafInocTaHQBJIeHIie̲BeKJIeMHmeBa, 3MMiian6JiiITwIe6KOrOcTaTyCaHBaHaliBaliQ"214U KOH6U, 3aBePmeHme neJIa nPJI>KHO, " BC" BePOfITHoCTII, oTHocIHTb!cH K 1488-1490 rr., KornaルIBaH MBa|HoBHII 3aHI1" MaJIcHpa360poMKocTpoMcKIIx3eMeJIbllbIxT"K6BnocJI" Heii [IaCTH M3yIIaeMorO八OKyMeHTa, |KaK II B cynHblx 'cnlI|cKax U 1488-1490 rr., 'He HaxoLIIM !npll31・IaKoB <<rocynapeBblx》ⅡpaB imHa n"HoEIIqa B oTIIomeiIIIII KocTpoMcKoro ye3na. HH、- TePeCHO,IITOHOMo皿HIIKOM (aMo)KeT6blTb, COBeTII"PM) II U "5"̅iIBaHOBHIIa B aTO BPeMH HBJIfIJICH 6JIII3KIlii K HBa- Hylll"flK・enPpKyP皿bIH(OHno皿HCaJIPaCCMaTPlIBaeMylOnPaBylOrPaMOTyHany'cTOmbKa皿IHO68). ご y Ha|C eCTb e皿e nBa HenaTIIPOBaHHblx II3BecTIifI, cBH3aH- IIblx c IIMeHeM HBaHa mBaHoBIIIIa. OIHo - 3To erq no八一 TBep>K,neHIieK)KaJIoBaHHoirpaMoTeIIBaHallloT18M" 1481 r・TpoHue-CeprHeBy MoHacTblplo HaraJII皿KIIe BO|TIIHHbl (JBeCOJIfIHbleBaPH皿bIH皿OPBraJIIIIIe,IeP.r|He3皿KOB- CKylOK".)69,XpyrOe-Pa3be3)KaHrPaMOTaCyAbHIIBaHa BecTy>KeBa, naHHaH <<|no rocylapeBe rpaMoTe BWIHKoro "3- 3H IiBa'Ha nBaHoBIiua>' Ha cnopHble 3eMJIH KQcTpoMcKq7 U f6Mmla,cTbIpHIIBaHanpe,ITeqmmKpecTbfIHKope>KcKoil 一 68 Cp. A A 3 H M m H OClioBHble n29"e",pePopM3""FJy"Wr ʻcTHIIecKoro皿Ⅲ>KeHHH B PoccIIII B ̅XIV-XVI BB.­<HCTOPml, *OJIbU KJIOP, llCKyCCTBO cjIaMHCKIIX HaPOnP". noW4pLSO2"". ,mW:1"'f V Me>K八y""Hblii c'be34. cJIaBMcTOB (Co*", ceHTH6pb l96al 唖 M., 1963, cTp・104; o H >K e. O noJIMTH[lecKHx nPe""bmKax 29M¥K- IIOBeHHFIPyCcKOroa6COJIIoTII3Ma.­くA6coJIIoTII3PIIBPoccIIII(XVII­ U XVIII BB.)". C6. cTaTeii K ceM皿ec別TIIJIeT1Iloco皿H 1)O)KneHHH H COU POKamTImeTIIIQ"yqHOii M、IIggal、orlluIecKoM且e兄TeJIbHOcTII B.B.I<a"""M, 1964 cTI1 3& OKomo l482-1486rIA.Q̲KXR皿blH6bLJI EBelirpHII,oTKy"oH ̲pepHyJIcHHen"八Hee 23 MapTal486 r. .(几E.qbpeiiHMH" yK33.- c0q, q. 2, =CU. 311; no MHeHIW H.C・JIypbd,<<KypmubIHMornpligx2Tb̲HB1485、r.He皿epaHee,BO BToDoii liOJIoBHHe l484 r.沙一cM: H. C. JI y p l> e. yKa3. coII., cTp、401) . 69 rnB, nOrO八. 1905, n血.76 06.- 77 06., M 65. U 4 29
BoJIOcTII KocTPoMcKoro ye3na 70 (TeKcT npnleJI B CoCTaBe nPaliOii rpaMoTbl ()T 24 Mafl l 521 r. 71) . Ⅱ04TB epユHTeJI bHa月3anHc.Ha TpoliUKoII rPaMOTe anPe・ 叩 coBaJIacb IIrIMeH)LMaKapHIo (1484-1488 rr.) II HMeJIa n6,m- nHcb nbfIKa Bac. noJIMaToBano nbHKy II TePpIITopliaJIbHOit U ⅡPmyPOILeUHOcTH TPaMOTbl 3TO HOITBeP>"eHIIe MO)KHO XaTMpoBaTb l484 - HaIIaJIoM l485 rr. U B pa3be3>Kei HaM He ynaJIocb oTblcKaTb lMKaKIIx naTIIPyloIIl}I¥̲nPlI3"KOB, KPoMe CBeneHMii o CyBePeHHOM HOJIO- >KeHIM HBaHa HBaHOBIIIIa TePPHToPIiaJIEHOA ll npHHalJIe>KU HOCTH且oKyMGHTa. 3aTo B npaBoii rpaMoTel521- I、., coxpaU U HHB山eH TeKCT̲Pa3'be3)Kem, ecTb nPHMoe yKa3aHIIe, IITo IIBaH BaHOB}円く<C II KocTpoMbl HocblJIaJmo30p皿ⅢKa>p 72.Mbl 3HaeM BPeMFI I1Pe6blBalll呪 HBaHa HBaHoBIIIla B KocTDoMe - 3To 』 1483/84 r. 73 (Bo3Mo)KHo, Ii llaIlaJIo l485 r.) . EcJIHoT。aKToB,ycTaHoBJIeHHDIx34ec6nyTeMaHaJI'I13a aKTOBOro MaTePliaJIa, 'nePeiiTH K II3y'leHIIIO JIeTonHCHblx TeKCTOB, |To B3aIIMOCBH3b 'CBemeHIM MO>KeT 'noIcJIy>KIITb oCHOBOii XqIIFI PeKo'I1'cTpyKHI皿nOmイTHIIGCKOM POJIII IIBaHa MOJIOIOrO. u U U Ha"JIeHIie mBaHa HBaHoBIiqa |HEKoTopblMm ynpaB"bil'[leg CKIIMII q)yHKUI1flMH OTHOmeHHH且MMTPOBa B CePe皿He B 70-x ronpB XV B 6blJIo o6ycJIoBJIeHo HaETyⅡⅢB皿ⅡM .CoBep- meHH94eTIieM=ijacJIenHIIKa npecToJIa ( 17 JIeT) M cTpcMJIG- H!ieMMBaHalll""ronoMo"IOHe#TI)aJIH30Baib!IPefeH311II U WIeJIbHblXKH23eiyIIaCTIieHBaHaHBaHOBMIIaBynPaB"eHHH nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKIIMKpaeMBHaqaJIe80-xrbmbBMOM6 OnpWleJIHTIJW onHTb-TaKII OⅡPe旦eJIHTbIcH onHTb-TaKH HeHTPaJIH3aTopcKHMH HeiiTPaJIH3aToPcKHMH TeH瓜eʻHuHH­ TeHIeHUIIH- MHHBaHalll,nblTaB皿eTOCHnPoTIIBoITOCTaBHTbcBoerOCblHa yCHJIHB皿eiMcH IIoc"e cMepTI1 AHnpeH MeHb皿oro (1481 r.) KoaJIIInIIII y皿皿KorqII BoJIOUKOro KHH3eii (e皿e 3a MeC皿 nocMepTMAH,mpeil. MeHbmorq HBaH III6bIJi BblHy)K" yCTynHTbAHIpeloyrJIIiUKoMyMo>Ka#cK,aBopmcyBoJiOUg U KoMy P" ceJI) . HoBoe Bo3BblmeHIie HBaHa HBaHoBHIIa, oTHocH皿eeCH, cyJJI no rpaMoTaM, K KoHUy l483-HaIIaJIy l484 r., 6blJIo cBH3aHO, BO3MO>KHo, ycJIo>KHeHHeM C J(IIHa6TIILIGcKOi 60Pb70JIJ1. UrA8r.MocKBbl,巾.421 (40HcKoroMoHacTblpH),on.1,cB.l,JVb30, 06.- 9 ,06. 71 .I"",JJL7-15.CnHcoKKoHUaXVIIB"nonopueHHbliinoHII)KHeMy KpaIo JIHcTOB. ○ 72 TaM zKe, J1.8 06.; cp. J1. 12 06. 73A"IIX,w.1,M248,cTp213(o"BHoiiomli6oqHocTMAaTbl<<7000BTo○ ParO> CM BI,Ime) . 30
I 6b!nocJ1ePo>KneHIIHyWBaHaZBaHoBWacbIHanMIITp" B oKTH6pe l483 r. 74 B BeneHHe mBaHa mBa¥oBIIIIa oT"Ba- JIHcb (Iio cymecTBy Ha npaBax yneJIa) 'cTaPllliHble rHe3" KHJDKetKoii bⅡHO3皿皿一Cy34aJIb|c|KHit ye3n |c ropoxoBIloM, 、 rmeOrPOMHbIMBJIIIHHmeMnoJIb30BaJIIIcbKH"bHLIIyiiCKze, Iie,naBlilie cyBepeHbI 9TOit TePPmToPH1i, U̲PaiiOH raJIHqa KocTpoMbl -= HacJIencTBoHenoKopHoromeMHKII,HaKoToU U Poe M|orJIIi nPe瓜もfIBJIHTb nPeTeH3HH'yneJIbHble KHH3bH Mo6KoBcKoro npMa Bo rJIaBe c MfITe)KHblM AMpeeM BoJ1bmIIM npHcoe"HeHIIe mBaHoM III TBepcKoro KHH>KecTBa, oT- 【I alCTHnorpaHHII|Horo c y'mIInKHM II BoJIoUKfIM yneJIaMII, Hem36e)KHd XoJI>KHo 6blJIo npIIBecTH K naJIbHeimeMy o60U CTPeHHIO OTHO皿el・l'1噛'c AHXpeeM BoJIbmHM H npymMH yneJIbHblMII KI-IH3bHMJI. B sTFIx y|cJIoBIIHx HacTynaeT KyJIbMIIIIaUH- OHHblii MoMeHT nOJIMTIMIIGCKOih KaPbePbl lIBa!Ha l/IBaHOBI1IIa U eMy'OTnaeTCH (BCTaTyCe<<Be皿KoToKHH>KeHH") TBepcKaH 3emJIH, npli'leM cpa3y no 3aBoeBalUill TBepII II, oRIeB"Hq,, cOnPe"JIeHHblM。oPMaJIbHbIMO6p.皿OM!Ⅲ瓜eKJIapaUIIelI U (He"pOM'qJaKToTMeneHBJIeTonlicII75)BaBoeBaHlleTBepH MOrJIO Bbl3BaTb 6IOJIbmIIe 3aTPynHeHHH He TOJIbKO B"HyTPeH- HerO, HO H BHemHenOJIIITHIIecKOro noP皿Ka(JIHTBa, O"a) . nepenaIIa TBep'cKoii 3eMJIH BHyKy TBepcKoro BeJIHKoro KHH- 3fl̅BopHcaAJIeKca皿POBHIIaH<<ceCTPHqHIIy)' (nJIeMJIHHHKy noceGTpe) cBeprHyTOroBeJMKoroKHH3HMmxalIJIaBopHcoBIITIa, CO3naBaH II3BeCTHylo BH41IMOcTb <<JIer}ITHMHocTH)", nPeCJIeXOBaJIO naJIeKo Hny皿He BHyTPH- II BHemHenOJIIITIIIIecKIIe UeJIII・BeJIHKHii KHH3b HBaH HBaHoBHII HeMe4JIeHHo U TIpHcTynHJIKyKPenJIeHHIOcBoHxno3Hu砿BTBepcKoji3eM入 ご JIe, Bb皿aB B ceHTH6pe l485 r. TplI )KaJIoBaHHble rpaMoTbl Ha BoTIIH'Hbl B TBepcKoM, Ka皿HHcKoM II HoBoTopンKcKoM ye3nax ye3瓜ax TpoHue-CeprHeBy TpomUe-CePrlieBy MoʻHacTblplo76,BJIHHTeJIbHeHmeMy MoHacTblpIo76,BJIHHTeJIbHeiimeMy nyXOBHOMy巾eOnaJIy, TeCHO CBH3aHHoMy 'c MocKOBcKIIM BeJIIIKOKHH>KeCKIIM nPaBHTeJIb|CTBoM. He no3)Ke aB#rycTa l486 r., a cKopee B'cero paHbme aToro BPeMeHHzBaH III HecKOJIbKO OrPaHHIIHJI ,nPeXeJIbl TePPlITO- ”Ⅱ,ⅡOJBJIa!CTHOii l'IBa'Hy HBaHOBIHqy・cy且I nO 'COCTaBy BblhaHilblx B ceHTH6pe l485 r. rpaMoT, HBaH MoJIonpHⅡoJIy- IIHJI nepBoHaIIaJIbHo npaBo Be"Tb He ToJlQKo TBepcKIIM HKa皿iiHcKIIM ye3naMH, Ho II coCe"HM HoBoTop>KcKIIM 74 nCPJI, T. 25, cTp. 330. 75 TaM )Ke, cTp. 331. ̲ 1 76 ACSH, 'T. .I, Nb 517-519; JI B. |q e p e n H H H. yKa3・coII.,II. 2, cTp. 180. 31
ye3XoM 77. O"aKo y>Ke 27 aBrycTa l486 r. >KaJIoBaHHyIo rpaMoTy Ha ceJIa HoBoTop>KcKoro ye3Ja Bbl4aJI caM HBaH III 78. He npHxo且HTcH coMHeBaTbcH B ToM, IITo, noJIyIIHB TBepCKyIo 3eMJIIO, IIBaH KBaHOBII[I HOTePHJ1 nPaBO Ha Cy3n<aJIbcKo-raJIHKKo-KocTpoMcKIIe 3eMJIII. 3a sTo roBopHT He ToJIbKo oTcvTcTBMe KaKIIx-JIH'60 vHoMIIHaHHii o ero VIIpaBJIeHIM sTIIM paiioHoM B KoHIle l485 - HarlaJIe l488 r., Ho ll HaJIIitme, c oIHOii CTOPOIIbl, rPaMOT HBaHa lll BTOPOh ⅡOJIOBHHbl 80-x ronpB, Kacalo皿HxcFI Cy3naJIbcKoro }I KocTpoMcKoro ye3ZIOB, C nPyrOit CTOPOHbl,­ⅡPIIBenleHHOrO Bblme nOXTBeP>KXeHI畑《BeJIHKoro KHH3H> BacHJII,uI IIBaHoBIIqa Ha I、PaMOTe, HOCBFI皿eHHoii KocTPoMe. rpaMoTI,I HBalla lll no3BOJIHIOT yTOIIHIITb XPOHoIJIOmlO HOXTBePLHTeJIbHOhⅡonnl'I cII BacImmFI HBaHoBIIIIa: GcJIII B KoHUe l483 - HaIlaJIe l485 r. KocTp'oMa |H raJIIIII e皿e nPHHanlJIe>KaJIH IIBaHy HBaHOBHIIy, To, Mo>KeT 6blTb, y>Ke JIeToM l485 r. KocTpoMa nepemJIa B BeXeHHe HBaHa lll (cOxPaHHJICH CⅡH'cOK c yKa3HOM rpaMOTbl く93> r., HocJIaHHoii皿yxomaMcKHM BoJIocTeJIHM KocTPoMcKOrO ye3na: B intitulatiO Ha3BaH 。eXoP HBaHoBHLI, nOCKOJIbKy rpaMoTa 6blJIa oTHeceHa nepemlcIIHKoM K XVI B、, OIHaKO B. n. Ha3apoB II II. A. roJIy6UoB BoccTaHaBJIIIBaloT 3necb IIMH IIBaHa BaCIIJIbeBIIIIa 79; y Hac HeT HoJIHoii yBepeHHocTH U B nPaBHJIbHOCTI'I STOII KOH'beKTyPbl - B OPHrHHaJIe MOrJIo VKa3blBaTbcH JImuO, HMeBmee OTIIecTBOくHBaHOBHII>: HBaH I'IBaHoBHII HJIII Ba,cHJI嘘 mBaHOBHII; TaKoe nPennOJIO)KeHHe ー JIyIIme o6EHcHfleT omH6Ky |nepeⅡⅡc['HKa) . B 1486/87 1,. HBaH III BblmaBaJI rPaMOTbI |Ha 3eMJIII B Hep exoT℃Koii BoJIocTII H B BoHocTH CoTII KocTpoMcKoro ye3@ma 80; B MapTe l488 r. oH )Ke BblXaJI 'rpaMoTy Ha 3eMJI|H raJIHnKoro ye3na 81; B l488-1490 rr. Ho ero pacnopmKeHIIIo 3eMeJIbHblMII TH>K6aMII B KocTpoMcKoM ye3nle Be"JI BeJIIIKHii KHFI3b HBaH HBaHOBIIKI.OTcIoZIa 3aKJIIoIIaeM, qTo HoI- TBep>KneHIie BeJIHKIIM KHH3eM BacIIJIHeM IIBaHoBII[IeM rpa­ MoTbI l454 r. Ha KocTpoMcKoh,mBOP MOrJIO COCTOHTbCH B neplIo瓜HryMeHcTBa MaKapllFI ( 1484-1488 rr.) He paHbme BTOPO曲noJIoBIIHbl l485 1、. II He nO3>Ke llePBohnoJIoBH・Hbl 1486 r. nbHK Ba」CIIJIHh,Ⅱo皿Ⅲ|caBIHI1ii ,no,mTBep>KneHIIe BacIIJIHH HBaHoBHIIa,- 3To, Bo3Mo>KHo, BacI1JI砿 瓜OJI MaToB, 77 78 79 80 81 ACSH, T. I, M 517. TaM )Ke, M 531. TaM )Ke, T、111, cTp. 483, rp. 8. TaM x(e, M 241, 502 (cTP 481, rp. 3) TaM )Ke, M 243. 32
OTKOM aIUIWIPOBaHHb耐nocJIe npHcoeXIIHeHwI TBepH oT HBaHa HBaHOBII[laHⅡpIIc'raBJIeHHbIit K Ba'cIIJIHIo HBaHoBHIIy. LITo Ka'caeTcfl ToPoxOBeUKOii BoJIoCTII, To 'cyユ〈<nO BeJIH- KOrO KHH3H rPaMOTe HBaHa liBaHOBIIqa)', npOIj329皿B皿嘘c3 3necb K. HayMoBbIM, MbI IaTmpoBaJIH oceHbIo 1483 - BecHoii 1485 r. 82 BJIII)Ka曲皿aFI no BpeMeHII K 3ToMy ・co6blTIIIo rpaMoTa HBaHa lll, 'nOcBFI皿eHHaH roPOxOBeUKoii BoJIoCTH, 6blJIa Bbl|naHa 22 XeKa6pH 1485 r. 83 3To |cBx且eTeJI b」cTByeT O noTePe I'IBaHOM I'IBaHoBIIIIeM nPaB Ha roPOxOBeU lle n03>Ke BToPoih noJIoIBHHbl l485 r. O[IeBH且Ho, BacHm戒I'IBaHOBIIII 6blJT 'CneJIaH <<BeJIHKIIM KHFI3eM>ウHI-IaneJIeHHeKOTOPbIMHTePPlITOPHHMII,6bIBmHMH PaHee 3a l/IBaHOM I/IBaHCBIfIIeM, cPa3y nOc、ノIe nePeBOna nOcqJIeIHero B TBepb. 3Ta nonblTKa 3aHBJIellIIH BeJIIIKoKHH)Ke- cKIIxHTeppIITopmaJIbHblxnpaBMaJIoJIeTHeroBa'cHJIHHo、6ycU U JIOBJIHBaJIacb, BePOHTHo, He 'cTOJIbKo 3anaIIeH HeHTPaJIH3a- uHII yleJIbHbix KHfl3eii, CKoJIbKO naBJIeHIIeM Ha HBakla lll cHJI,rpynmPOBaB皿1xcH̲poKpyrBeJIMKoih KHHFIIHH Co,bIi, e皿e nPH >KII3HHHBaHa lIBaHOBHKIa MellTaB皿ell, KOHelIHO, O DoJIII HacJIenHIIKa nPeCTOJIa nIJIH cBOero 'CTaP皿erO CblHa・ naBJIeHIie eTO 6bMo TeM 60J1ee 3HaqIITeJIbHbIM, IITo HBaH III, Bo3Mo>KHO, nPH3HaJI nMHTP"-BHyKa <<BeJIHKIIM KHH3eM)> CPa3ynOCJIeerOPO>K八e:H1iH84HTeMCaMblM pemlmⅡIII-Ia- CTII'IecK" BonPOc B noJIb3y nOTOM'CTBa HBaHa HBaHOBIIIIa. no)KaJ1oBaHHe Ba'cHJIIIIo BeJIHKoKHFDKecKoro THTyJIa IOJI>KHO 6bIJIO H3Be'CTHblM O6Pa30M yPaBHOBeCHTb CIIJIbl CO- nep HHIIIaB皿Hx cTOpO|1-1 85. HBaH III He naJI, 01HaKO, PaCHBe82 TaM )Ke, '1.. 11, Nh 483. 83 TaM )Ke, Nb 482. 84 B T. H. TBepcKoM c60pHHKe coo6皿aeTcH:く...Po八ⅢCH CbIH y BeJIHKOii KIIFIMHbl y OJ1eIIIJI KHFI3b BenJI|IIK噸 ⅡMIITPeii liBallOBIIqb, IIa MOICKBe)" (nCPJI, ̅T. XV, cTp. 499) . CaM HBaH IIBaHoBH'I IIMeJI TIITyJ1 BeJIIIKQrp ukHH3H C l471 E (rBI-II1ロ, Nb 25-27; HCP几T. VI, cTP. 9; T. VIII, cTp. 163, 168; J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 333) , no3ToMy H3BecTIie o nO>KaJIOBal皿Hero cIJIHa TIITyJIoM BeJI|IIKoI,O KHFI3fl y)Ke |nPm PO那八eHノHH HeJ1Iィ山eHo HoJIHocTblo BepoHTJ,IH. OnHa,Ko, HocKoJIbKy TBepcKoii c60pHHKcocTaBJI兄ncfl oKo,mo 1498 r., Koirna nMHTp" 6b皿旦eiiCTBHTeJIbH o IBGHIIaII Ha BeJMKOe KHmKeHHe, eCTb Bce ocHoBaHHFI nOnP3PeBaTb 3TOT HcTOIIImK B Te皿eH叩o3HOknpHmcKe nMHFrP'lIIO BeJIH1KOKHH>Ke|cKOTO TIITyJIa n" 1483 r. ('cp. A. H H a c.QH Q E"̲lleTQUcHbIe naMHTHHKIi TIBepcKoro KHH>KecTBa.­くIM3BecT,HH AH CCCP>, VII cepHH, OTJleJIeHlle・ryMaHIITapHblx HayK J1., 1930, cTp. 741; J1. B. q e p e n H II H. yKa3. coIL, [1、 2, CTp. 300) . 85 4>K. (DeHHeJI cIIIITaeT, qTo conepHH:IGcTBo Me>K,my E,ノ1GHOii M CC*beii HaLIaJIocb c 1483 r., 11IocJIe po)K八eHI1H nMIITpluI (J F e n l] e l l. Op. cit, p. 324). 3 C. M. KalllTaHoB 33
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ー 唾 HTaK, HaJIIIIIHe B IIOLTBeP"TeJIbliOH cTaTbe nO旦nHCHHe OJIemmBe306pa30Ba,cBH3aHHqrocBacmJIllejiBnepBble:Q- I6i̅55 ""H", amemopaPTpoMwIoBa, 6JIII3Koro K Ba・ CIIJIIIIOBOBTOPOHnoJIoBHHe90-xroIoB,no3BoJIHeTnaTmpoU BaTb 3To no"Bep>KmeHHe l496-'1497 rr., KoMa, ,gY,Ⅱ、H nO U JiZf6THbIMrPaMofaMIBoPcKIIx,BacIIJImiiynpaBJIHJIKamIIHC K H M -V e 3 X 0 M . M6>KIio BbIcKa3aTb eme XBa coo6pa>KeHIifI, KoTopble ⑪ MyT HanPaBJIeHmm B Cy>KeHIIHnPe"WKeHHOⅢ且aTIIPOBKH nePBOe:I-lecBH3aHO皿InoHBJIeHHenpmBacIIJIHⅢHBaHoBHIIe ①ehopa CTpoMwIoBa c nepexPmPM B BeneHMe MoJIWIp KH"'irOPOj<OBeIlKOiiBoJIOCTM(oqeMMbI3HaeMm3ynPM21 U M5;jIEMMMM6T6!roPoj(oBeUKorQ̲BoJIoqIe"1497/ U U ざ 98r.)?BeⅡbHMellHoHanpaBohrpaMoT emBaHamBaHoBHIIa, 〃 oTHocHUeiicH K ropoxoBUy, cToIIT Ho瓜nIIcb nbfIKa enoPa U CTpoMmJIoBa !28Hg IIMeeM JIII Mbl 3Aecb neJIo c."WWlI5 HoHTPa皿'皿me齢EcJIHTaK,To且aTHpoBaHHblHMaTepレIaJI U U (Bcefa>KeJIbroTHaFI1497/98r)"eTocHoBaHILeWIIIWL, IITOnOnTBeP>KnelllIe6blJIOCjKeJIaHoIlepaHIJ皿eBTOPOiinOJIO- BIIHbl l497r. OTcIona HecKoJIbKo 66JIb皿aFI BePOHTHOCTb BeJIIIKOKHH)KeCKOrO TIiTyJIa 3neCb, IIeIvl B JIbrOTHblx rPaMOTax l̅496­nepBoiinoJIoBIIHbll497rr"li60mMeHHocnoc、me"Ⅲ… U MII MecmaMII KHfDKeH1wI BacIIJIIIH, Ka>KeTcH, cBfl3aHbl ero nPeTeH3IIH, KoTOpble MorJIm 6blTb OnlHoi l'13 nPH可HH OnaJIbl 1497 r. BToDoe: B cBeTe cKa3ailHoro JIoBoJIbHo MHoro3HaIIMTeJIb典 U HO 3BV[IaT HOcJIenHHe cJIoBa HccJIeXyeMOHⅡOITBePLIITeJIbHOi n6皿ⅢCII:く…且OKynb1 fl3 IIX, KHH36 BeJI2KII, PIOンKaJIylo 655ei5fPaMoTOlOnP6[IHolo>KaJIOBaJIHoIo)P. 3Ta巾OPMyJMPOBKa,,<bTOPyIoBUeJIOMHeJIb3H3anOmP3P"bUWWH- fi66TII'(coMA6HmHKacaIoTcHToJIbKoTHTyJIq)cB皿eTeJIbCT, ByeT, C OIHO向cTOPoHbl, Heno.JTHOmPaBmHBacIJJII,IH, o C npyrbiCTOPOHbl-OKaKIIX-TOerOnPeTPMQyfI)lⅢ皿HpoKIIxnJIa○ U iI5Ma6"ymeeno-BMAIIMoMy,B 1496-1497 rr:̲MlW HeHMeJInPaBanO4TBeP>KmaTI二、HMMyHIITeTHble rpaMoTbl,II U caMOHOHTBeP班旦eHileliMKamfI3PIHcKoi rpaMoTb! 6blJIo He BHoJIHeJIOHJIbHblM BnoJIHe JIOHJfbHblM且eHcTBIIeM meicTBIIeM !no OTHomeHHfO OTHomeHIHOK BeJIHKoMy U KHH3IO・ KopoIIe,Mblllpe瓜nOJIaraeM,IIToPaccMaTPlIBaeMoellOnTBep>KieHIieoTHoEIITcHKoceHII1497n 二一 ­­ 128 ACSレI, T. II, cTp. 521 43
IITO IiaCaeTcH KoPMノlelioi rpaMoTb! noKpoBcKylo !la 29:19"..3Y"BcKoro̅ye34a,To,oLiEMHd,̅Hef.MMMM U :WW"WWkee "TmpOBKyBCn6NMIIFMW PHaJIbHo-FWMO-xPOHOJIorliqecKOe PaCiPe"JIe!冊Ie naTIIPOBaHHblx PaKTePm3yIO皿Hx ¥KcTOB, TBepcKoH3eMJIH:B6999r.,T,e、Me》K凡y ̲ BacH皿JWWW% npaBa f」rmc"""MM|YIW .""ET ceHTH6peM l490r, I1a¥4::rycTpll !i49r" 1cocToHJIgcb no"eP"6M叩aMoTbl U l486J.,I""rypliPoBaJIaくTBepcKafI3bM""BU6"Om,̅E WW"'̲r"" MecTP. ""k6FMM MMM u HaⅡoM9̲I9J19EMHyr3y6UoBa;B1492/93IIBI+496=i"W"W ” :IW、,nWW"aLcTaPble rPaMOTb! !i calIKMmiil)b" Bbl八9HM9W。H33eMJIm,H4xoRIIBuimecmTOJIhKOB6m5i IIacTMTBepcKoi3eMJIH-BKamIIHcKoMve34e. R P U He cBH且pWRCTB" 3To JIII CymecTBeHHOM o cOKPaUe- HMHBKoIIIlel49I 1、.Tepl)IITQpIIM,no4BeJoMcTBeHHojiBacH"2 2 1)aiiOHe 6h!BmerO TBePhKOfO ̅Ri"""" fMe !9KWWWe"ITol)lil! MorJIOHaxo4MTbcH B nPHMoi &# 3H nPe且nPHHHTblM, c nO-BIIユHMOMy,BOBTOPOiⅡOJIoBHHe ⑥ M̲r;"JIIICUOBbIMbnllCaniiCM̅TMkOr""ノIH,Ko|rna U IWJL BnePBble "nOC"aLT1]c""3MrWaT;W MWW ¥9", 4nmcaJI T"EKHH3b "omop OJIMIdiE, CTap皿y a PppMc KyTy3QB, 3y6UoB fi ma OMHnMIITP HH U nelWB,aKIMH neTp̲ JI96al! .3a60JioTUKof̅rXahif..M MoBoii ropo49KA"" KopoMbTm6E;̅d̅kh」mHH BacHJIeii U U KopoMblmOB), 129 nPHBeneHHOe J1eTomlcHoe II3BeCTHe He HMeeT ToIIHOii 99TMMW=I19Me"HOBcJ1em3a(bP330iiQnePeROmeTOP: ⑪ 。 r¥""129W "P"oHe>K B @eHTh6P.̅ 149rrHo" npe瓜meCTPyeT. .:TaTbfL OnOlIMaHHMAHJPemyrJI!皿Koro 20 geHTH6pH 1491 OIIGBIIIHo,nHcUoBoe E omlcaHIIe TBepCKOII3eMJII16bmOnPe 一 四 cKoH3eMJIII6bmo'ⅡPeユnPHHHToBcKopeIIJIIIcPa3V>Ke:nocJIe JIHKBH且aummyr、珊皿KOrPKHH>KeCTBa.3TOHaBO"THa MbIcJIb, qTo np apecTa AHnpefI HBaH III noqeMv-T6、He " ー maJIcH HayaTb omicaHHe TBepcKoii 3eMJIH <Ⅱo­MocKoBcKH U 4 g glWJg liMeJI JIH A"peii onp"c"eHHblX̅ i"EMM U U B OTIIOmeHIm TBePCKOro HacJencTBa MIIxaルIJIa BOPHʻcOBmIIa9 上 cy皿Ⅱ940roBop2MHBaHallll486r'(aBr#cTaline- %a6") BopILoMBacwIbeBHIIeM c BMoiKIim̅rA、皿peeM BacH@JIbeBHLIeM yrJIMHKI,IM, TIocノIe4HIIe o6fl3aJIMIcb He <<BEcTvnarlic" .Bo T。epb [i B KamblH II Bo BcH T(PeP6K"̅rB ジ I29nCPJ1,T、V111,c'I、,P223;T.XII,C|TP.232;Tʼ27, cTP,362;T.28, cTI).156;C.O.皿M1皿'1,.yKa3・coII.,cTP.264(UIIT.no'r.27): 44
KanlllH'bcKaH MecTa, Bo Bce BeJmKoe KHFI>KeHbe T。epcKoe)D l30. 0,IHaKo He IIcK皿OIIellO, ulTO HaKaHyHe nPHcOe且ⅡHeHIIfl TBepH I'IBaH IⅡⅡPelJIO>KIIJI IIa PacCMOTPeHI1e KHfI3e曲MOcKoBcKOrO IoMa ceKPeTHblAnPoeKT Pa34eJIa TBepcKoro KHmKecTBa H, Bo3Mo>KHo, AI-Inpelo II BopH,cy, KoTopble yIlacTBoBaJIH B TBepcKoM B3HTIM 1485 r., 6bIJIII o6ema,HbI KaKHe-To IoHoJIHeHHH K IIx ynheJIaM 3a cIIeT TBepcKOii 3eMJIII. JoBO"bHO 'BePOFITHO yIIacTHe B sTIIx nJIaHax H npecTapeJIoTo KHH3H MHxaIIJIa AIInpeeBHIIa BeJIo3epcKoro, yMepmero nl)IIMepHo IIePe3 110JIrO4a n'ocJIe nPHcOe且HHeHIl別 TBepcKoro KIIH>KecTBa (BecHoii l486 E 131) . CaMa IIJefl pa3naIIII TBepcKHx yJIeJIoB He 6blJIa 3KcTpaBaraHTIIoii, nocKocJIbKy, Bo-IIepBblx, B TBepcKoM BeLIIIKOM KHfl>KeCTBeH且O npPICOeⅡH1・IeHwI cyUeCTBOBa.JIII y八eJ1bl, H3 KoTopblx nel)BGHcTByloUee 3HaIIGHIie HMeJI KamHH- CKIM, BO-BTOI)blX, B 4yxOBHOih l'IBaHa lll nO[ITH BCe 6blBmHe U TBepCKHe y4eJIbl OTUaBaJIIIcb B PyKH y八eJIbHblX KHFI3em, MJIa且mHx cblHo'Beii BeJIHKoro KHH3H. TeKcT IVxoBHoii BocxOJHT, nO-BH典HMOMy, He K OIHoMy, a K HeCKOJIbKHM nPenmeCTBylO皿HM BaPHaHTaM↓。", B OCHOBe KOTOPblX MOrJII,I JIe1 句 n >KaTb Pa3Hble 40KyMeHTbl, B TOM qHCJIe li CeKPeTHblii nPOeKT l) a3ne唾ma TBepcKoro KHH>KecTBa. CoI、na CHO八yXOBHOi I'IBaHa lll, KHH310 4MIITpHIo, noJIyqaBmeMy B MocKoBcKoji 3eMJIe y r JI H KI, B TBepcKoih 3eMJIe oTXaBaJIHcb 3y6UoB II OHoKII; KHFI310 AHXpelo, KoTopoMy llpeXHa3HaIIaJIacb B yneJI B e p e H, B TBepcKoii 3eMJIe >KaJIoBaJIHcb CTaPllUa, XoJIM I1 HoBblji ro'po4oK l33. He 6blJIa JIH 3Ta KoM6HHaUHH cKaJIbKlipoBaHa c ceKpeTHoro npoeKTa cepenMHbl 80-x ToIoB, npem'noJIaraBmerO, BO3Mo>KHo, nepemaIly yrJIIIUKoMy KHFI310 AⅢ瓜PeIO BOJIbmOMy 3y6UoBcKoro y八eJIa, a BepeiicKoMy KIIH3Io MHxaliJIy AHUpeeBHIIy-CTaI〕ImKor,〔)?l34He o6T。HcHfTeTcflJ1Hl)ea〃bʻ1-11〕1曲 130 nMnr, JVb 81, 82. 131 HCPJI, T. V111, cTp. 217; T. XII, cTp. 218; A. A、3ⅢM H H. KpaTKIIe JIeToHHcUbl XV-XVI BB.­《HcTopHIlecKIIii apxIIB>j, T. V. M.- JI, 1950, cTp. 35; no no4cIIeTaM H. A. ToJIy6HoBa, KHH3b MHxaHJI AH- npeeBHII yMep 9 anpeJIR l486 r. (ACSH, T. 11, cTp, 449, 695) . 132 C. M. KamT a H O B. nlm.JIOMaTHKa KaK cneUHaJIbHaFI HCTOPlI(IeOKaH 皿CuHnJIIIH a.­《Bollpocl)1 McTdp":', 1965, Nb l, cTp. 43. 133 nmnr, cTp. 360-3611. 134 HHTepecHo, qTo o6eulaHHble B 1480 r. AHnpeIo B ymleJI KaJIyra H AJIeKcHH (nCPJI, T. VI, cTp 20, 2'23; T. V111, cTp. 204; T. XII, cTp. 198) 6bInHB 4yxoBHoii liBaHa lll 3aBe皿aHbl ynteJIbHblM KHH3b- HM: KaJIyra - CeMeHy Be)KeUKoMy (HacJIe八HJIKy IIaICTK KHH>KecTBa A"peH BoJIbmoro) , AJIeKclIH - A"pelo CTap皿KOMy (HacJIeUHHKy 45
oTKa3MHxaIIJIaAH八PeeBHIIaOTBeJIOO3ePal35,nplICOXpaHellHH 3a HIIM <BoTIIIl」IHbIx)> nPaB Ha Bepelo, nepcneKTIIBoih IIoJIy[IelIHH yAeJIa B TBel)cKoi3eMJIe II He naTIipyeTcH JIH, cJIenpBaTeJIbHo, eTo myxoBHafl '36 1485, a He l486 roloM, KaKnPenJIa|raeTcI皿TaTbJI.B・IIepeⅡHHH?137Ⅱo、cJIe瓜HH月 4aTHpoBallHaH rpaMoTa MHxallJIa AHIpeeBHrla Ha 3eMJIH BeJIo3ePCKoro ye3nta 6bl。Ta Bbl八aHa 26 MaH l485 r. 138. Mo̲ "WE 6bIM,cOCTaBJIeHMe eroAyxOBHoii'OTHoCIITCHKJIeTy 1482 r. !39, T: eK nepllQUy nOlroToBKII TBepcKoro B3fIT" BoJIoUKIIi K,HfI3b Bopllc BacwIbeBPIII, tKopee B|cero, npeTeHIoBaJI Ha noJIyIIeHHe 6JIIi3Kor|o K BoJIoKoIJIaMcKv KJ'IIHa・OIIeBWIHo, He cJIyLIaiilIo HBaH III BHocJIenIcTBIiii IJel)emcKoII !JacTII KH"KecTBa MIIxall,ma A皿l)eeBIIY'a) (且咽r, cTI1 360) . 3ToT (1)aKT Io II3BecTHoii cTelleHI! oIIliaMIJIBabr n6IibiTkIi I)eTI]oCIIeKTHBHOrO aHaJIII3a八yXOBHOii IIBaHa lll八Jm Bbl;ICHeHII別ⅢC- ()!c)「山ecr3JIellllblx ymeJII>llblx lIpoe|K'I、oB KOMIIa XV B. nl)oeKT l480 r. oTpa3II・JIcH B cnMIcKax ,moroBopa l473 r., penaKTIIpoBa|Bm'HxcH B 1481 r. W)I!、n9#rOToBKe HoB9Io ,moroBopac AHnpeeM (nHnr, cTp. 242, 248; 几B. q e p e n̲IM H. yKaa coq., il. 1, cTp. .170). 135HoMIIHaJIMpMII"WLjHApeWiL! dTK33aJIcffoT BeJIoo3epaemeBploro9ope 」483 E (nMⅡr, Nh 78), IIo TaM peIIbm順o IIePexOne Be- peHC'KO-6eJIo3ePCKOii BOTIIIIHbl B PyKI1 BeQ)I凪ぐOrO KHH3H TOJIbKOⅡOCJYe cMepTII 6eJIo3epcKoro KIlfl3H (cP A A 3 II M H H. O xpoHoJIor岫且yxoBHbIx H noroBopHblx rpaMoT BeJIIIKIIx II VneJIbI・Iblx KHH3eii XIV- XV BB.­《Ⅱpo6JYeMbI IIcToIIHIIKoBenleHM",f VIM,1958, cTl)318, n1ル1M 254). 136瓜Ⅲ瓜r, Nb 80. I37 TaM >Ke, cTP、301, 305; cp. J1. B. IIepenHHH. yKa3. co[1., '1. 1, 9TL .175(34eCh 3"ppoTHQcl" 3ToT4bKyMeHTK1485-1486rr.). 138ACSH,T.II,Nh397;cp.M269,272."TmpoBKam℃JIe,uIHeii rPa- MOTblHO ,,町yMeHyBeHe"KTyl486roJLoMHe npeAcTa|BJTfleTcJIy6e"""HoII, TaK KaK HeJIb3H oTHocIITb Ha[IaIIo HryMeHcTBa BeHelHKTa K l486 r. JIHmb l・Ia TOM OCHOBaHIIII, qTO erO nPe旦皿IecTBeHHHK rVDIlii *mrypmpYpTnpA6993rollow.("!>KeJVQ267);KOTopbliinplixo血jIcH HaCeHTH6pbl484-aBI、y〈、T1485rr.THTyn《BcejlPyCIM)DBrPaMOTe ,6993r・HeroBopHTo6H3aTeJ12Ho 34̲1485 r.,nocKoJIbkyoHylioTpe6J1兄JIC兄e皿e B rpaMoTe CeHTH6" l484 r., oTHocHBmeii6H K foMV. ]Ke (BoJIor"cKoMy) yeamy (TaM )ke, JNb 266) ; '33Bo Bc3KoM cJIy[lae, B 3TO BI)eM兄Ⅱ"H IIIBIIOBb cTaJI OCVUeCTBnHTb cBoルi IIaTPol・laT HaX Bepe曲cKIw ye3.nDM. B IIIoHe l485 rr oH BbmaJI >KaJIoBaHHylorpaMoTyTpoI皿e-Cel)rlle,ByMoHacT1.II1ICHaC.I'iJIGMHy 《Bo KH"Ke MIIxa伽IoBe PilJII)c"Ij[la BoTIImHe>(ACEルI, T. 1, N. 516). nl)e,nbLmymme rpaMoTb! IIBaHa lll, KacalommeciI BepeiicKIIx' M MaノIO)11)ocJIai)eUKIIx 3eMeJIb, IIe B()cxOユチIT K IIel)IIoJly nocJIe l482 r. (TaM >Ke, M 462,46;, 497, 498) . 3To 3HaLIIrr, fITo Mel"y KoI皿oM l483 II cel)"IIHoii l485 n coxpaH>IJ] cil:my 40roBop oT l2 heKa6pH l483 r.、 a HaqimaH c JIeTa l485 m ero mleiicTBIle nePeKI)blJIocb XeiibTBHeM Ka: KOrO-TO mPyrOI̅O COrJIaⅡlerlIIH, oyPBI11Ho> nyxoBHoit MIIxaH.JIa AHJLI)ee- BIII'a (cp.几B. 'I e p e n l.I II II. yKa3. coII.,̅ q. 2, cTp. 178-180)〃 . 46
BbIMeHIm cbIHoBbHM Bopmca BacII'mbeBMqa ̲BoJIouKoro K皿冊IcKO-TBePCKHeBOJIOCTIIByiroPO八IIKoJInbl40. IIoCa>KeHHellaTBePCKOeKH"KeHルIeHBaHamBaHOBHIIa, U 3Toro nOIITH <<JIermTIIMHOI、o>p HacJIe4HIIKa TBepCKHx KHfl3eli, 6blJ10,6e3ycJIoBHo,JIoBKHMMaHeBPoMIIBaHalll.Hoo6ecneIIHJIO J1II OHO eMy《3aKoI-IHble> oCHoBaHHH 4JIH OTKa3a oT BCeXO6H3aTeJIbCTB,,naHHblXy瓜eJIbHblMKHH3bHM?MblTOIIU Ho3HaeM,qToHBaHMBaHoBIiqynpaBJIHJIpaitoHaMHTB&pII, KamHHa ll, oIIeB皿Ho, KJIIIHa. O 1GTaTyce 3y6UoBa M CTapIIUb」 maM HIl'lero He ll3BecTHo. KaTeropli[lecK43 cTa" 6THbclITeJIbHo TBepcKoih 3eMJIH B nproBopax HBaHa ll! U ○ l486 r. c yrJIMUKIIM H BoJIoUKMM KI-呪3bfIMII Ha nePBbIM B31、J1皿He ocTaBJIFleT cOMHeH皿B 。aKTe oTKJIoHeHM BeJII1U KOK!|"<eCKI1M nPaBIITeJIbCTBOM KaKIIX 6b! TO Hm 6bIJlO -Vノ1eJIbHblX nPHT}13alll1#I IIa 3Ty TePPHT()'PIII() B LIeJIOM. TeM IIe Mellee 4JIH l490/91 r. MojKIIo KoHcTaTl叩oBaTI, U nPllCTa川JHoeBIIIIMallIIellOCMTeJIemBJIa'cTMKPahoHaM3y6UbBa m CTapmUbL B oKTfI6pe l490 r. KHH3b BacIIJI畝 mBalioBMq Bblna)I KopMJIeHylo fpaMoTy Ha noJIoB"y n 3y6Uor 呼 Ba・KTo pacnoI)fDKaJ1cR ユ B 3To BpeMH BTopQI[ noJIpBIIHo¥ U U 。 3v6uOBa# ToT ">Ke BacIIJIMi mJIIi, Mo>KeT 6blTb, A"pek yMI皿K城?EcJIHⅡOCJIenHee 'nPe瓜ⅡOJIO)KeHHe npnycTHMo, U JIerKo noHflTb oco6eHHyIo HanPFI>KeHHocTb oTHo皿eHI畑 B 3TOMPaiiOHe・HoecJIIIHMeJ1HcbJIH皿bnpeTeH3HIIAH4|pefl 4 Ha3y6UoB,BcepaBHonoJIo)KGHIieBacIIJIHH6blJIO3neCb nPCTaTOIIHO CJIO>KHblM. B 1490/91 r. HeKIIi KHFI3b lIBaH IOpbeBII[I pa'ccMaTPレIBaJI, B KaqecTBe KallecTBe Cy旦bH CynbH BblcmeHmHCTaHmIH,MHPoBylo BbIcmem mHCTa"mmL MljPOgyIo c且eJIKy c4eJIKY U BoTIIHHHI'IKoB CTapl皿K,oro ye34a 141. C. B. BeceJIoBcK" oTo>"ecTBJIHeT 3ToTo MBaHa lOpbeBIILIa c 60HpHHoM HB. IOp. naTI)HKeeBblM 142. 3a TaKoe oTo>MeCTBJIeHHe r9- BOl)IITiIO皿mCbBe皿KOKHmKeCKOrOnbfIKaMaiKaHCyne6- Hah, a He BJIaneTeJIbHaH poJIb mBaHa lOpbeBIIqa OmHaKo, eCJIII cJIenOBaTb Ha皿eMy nPe且nOJIo)KeHIIIo O nPoeKTe Hane- JIeHIIH BepeiicKoro KHfl3FT CTapIIIJKMM ynfeJIoM, B KHH3e U HBaHe lOPbeBHIIe Mo>KHOBImeTb6p.aTa IMepmeroBepeiicKoro KHfi3H MIIxaIIJIa AHnpeeBII[Ia !43・CynJI Ho BceMy, OH He 6bm cneJIaH yneJIbHblM CTapI皿KIIM KHFI3eM, HO MOr 140瓜間瓜r, NIJ 85; cp. Nb 89, cTI). 357. 141 AC31'I, T・I, Nb 549. '42 TaM >Ke, cTp. 629, npmM K Nb 549. 143 B 'nlvxoBHoii MMxaIIJIa HBaH IOpbeBIIII BblcTynaeT KaK o皿IHH3ero llaCieAHIIKoB (H11nr, cTp. 307, 309) . 47 、
ⅡWWTbOTBe"IIKOro ̲、KHII3HKaKI1e-TOynPaBJIeHqecKIIe 巾yHKUMM OTHOⅡlelllIH B CTap皿bl. Ha .npe4JIojkeHHoH皿eHTH"KaU"《HBaHa lOpbeBHLla)' HeJIb3H HacTalIBaTb,"IIou CKOJIbKy l9PMaJEJble n(aHIIble nO3BOJIHIoT OTO)KnlecTBIIT6 5fO c|Kopee c II.' 10.naTPII'KeeBbIM 3TaaKTHBHOcTb̅JI皿,BenaB皿HxB1490/91r.3y6no­ B'oM H CTapmUeii, 'no-BH瓜HMoMy, onpeneJIHJIacb HacTVnau 割 TeJIbHO曲Ⅱo〃HTmKoi"AH4pem yrJIIInKoro nocJIe cM6pTH Li"11aH"IIoBm[la MoJlo46roApecT AMI)en5meIMW TyaUmlO. OnHcaHHe TBel)cKo曲3eMJIH ycIfJIMJIO BeJIHKoKHH。 U >KeCKHH KOHT20JII' Ham BCeii TePPHTOPlieHⅡPHcoe且Ⅲ'HeHHOrO U KHmKecTBa. Co3mam'Icb pea.ノ1bI-lble lIoJIIITH[lecKMe VcJIoBIIH ノIJIHnpeBpa山eHIIHBacIIJUjHII3KHH3HTBepcKoro [f y八eJIb- Horo KamlIHcKoro KHH3FI. TBel)b, HaKoIIeU, Eo皿JIa B BeJIHKO­ KHH>KecKIIH 40MeH,HnocblJIKa Tyna BacIiJIIIH c BoeBonaMH U Bl492/93nllenpllBeJIaKBojjO)K4eHIm̅ErO66皿eTBep- "" KHfI>KecKmx noJIHoMqg" no3ToMy HaM Ka>KeTcH, qfo WMJeHyp rpaMpTy Ha noKpoBcKyIo BoJIocTb 3y6uoBcKoU 凸 MW" Bacli"" BbimaJI, "OPee BterO, 4O cMePlII AM" yrJIルIuK'OrOnp Ii OHIICal冊IfITBepcKoii3eMJIII,mdnpliMei)Ho U ム I9r" )K2, jfOrna OH BblUajI KOI)MJIeHylO rPaMOTy !ia n6JIOBHHy r. 3y6UoBa. 雪 4aWPoB""ocJIaBcKIixrPaMoTnPaBw1bIIoHaMe'leHa Li. A roJIy6UoBbIM, KoTopblil bTHec m;< K 1495-=1497̅iE U 四 Pyg, OTPaWeHHbi#、E nPa" rPaMOTe, H̅1cH nOmci6: ">KeHHIo HBaHa lll, Ho 6blJI ̅ 40JIo>KeH KHH3Io Bablinlim HBaHoBHqy, . .WyPliPylOUeMy 31eCb B POJII! <<[Ie"M WpMmerIoJ:144no[lbeMynpiIKa3yBO3HIIKnPoUecc,3a[b" U pHpOBaHHblM B cymHOM CnMCKe, Mbl ToLIHO He 3HaeM「TaK KaK IHa[IaJIO nPKyMeHTa He COXI)aHHJIOCb, OjIHaKO H B 3TOM cJIyIIae JloKJIaX cJI'ymaJI BacIIJII1i KaK "eJIoBeK cTa- pIImmib!45。 CJIyma|Hlie QCoIIxneJI oTHocMTcH, 6e3yEJIoBiIo, ー K nepHo4y QrcyTcTB" HBaHa lll B MocKBe (B̅cBH3M C oTbe340M B HoBropqll) , Korna ero B KaKoih-To M6pe, no-BII皿WMy, 32WIema" B"IlJIIIi "BaHoBIiq (c 20 . OKT'I|6pH ○ l495 rJIo 24 MapTa l496 r.) 146 OT904Hafl-pa3'be3)Kafl-60JIee no34Hmii JIoKyMeHT, [JeM u t ■ Cy4Hblli CnHCOK Ha Te >Ke 3eMJIH・K Pa3'be3Ay THyH nplIcTymiJI 4 4 1 1 5 4 1 4 6 <<no rocy"peBe rpaMoTe BeJIIIKoro KHH3H I'IBaHa AC3II, T. 111, JVb 208, cTp 219. IaM >Ke, Nb 209, cTp222. nCPJIJ Lyl, crll. 40; T. V111, cTP. 230-231; T XII, cTP. 241-242 HnP; AC3H, T. 111, cTp. 499-500, hpIIM K JYb 215 イ ム 0 0 向 一
BacHJIbeBMIIa BceH PycII H IIo I、ocy八a" cBoero KHfl3H Ba。 cHJIbfI HBallOBHIIa |c,ノIoBy>P 147. CJIe八oBaTeJIb}IO, B aTO BPeMH l/iBaH III V)Ke HaxoJMJIcH B MocKBe, T. e・OTBO八HylO-P a3be3>KylO rPaMOTy HylKHO JaTHPOBaTb BPeMeHeM HOCJIe 24 MapTa l496 r. Bo Bcex sTIIx八OKyMeHTaX巾HryPHPyeT HPOCJIaBcK" TliyH AqJ. 4ypoB. B npaBoii rpaMoTe li cy"oM 。cnHcKe nyPOB Ha3BaH TIiyHOM BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, B OTBOIHQH-Pa3b- e3ンKen oH nPII3HaeT cBOIIM <<TOCynaPeM)P KH別3fl BacllJIIIH MBaHoBHIIa. BcnoMHHM, [ITo B rpaMoTe anpeJIH l496 r. Ba- ;cMJIHiiO6pa皿aeTCHKHeMyKaKKくTHyHyHameMy>148.3'HaIIIIT7《r'ocy八apeBbl》nOJIHOMOIIMHBoTHomeHHHHPocJIaBJIH Bac"" TIoJiyqmJI He paHbme Bo3BI)auleHMH HBaHa lll H3 HoBrol)o,ma. OLIeBWIHo, Ha八eJlellHe BacliJIIifl (Ha KaKoe-To KopoTKoe BpeM,I) IIpaBaMII cJIy)Ke6Ho-yneJIbHoro HpocJIaB- CKOrO KHFI3H八OJDKHO 6blJIO KOMneIICHPOBaTb eMy nOTePlO HeO申皿HaJIbHOih POJIH COn'PaBIITeJIH BeJIIIKorO KHH3H Ha UeHfPaJIblloM HocTy, Ky" oH nonaJI B KoHIle l495- HaIIaJIe l496 r. OTBo八Hafl-Pa3'be3)KaH rPaMOTa nOKa3blBaeT, IITo Bac皿噸He npHo6peJI B HpocJIaBJIe caMocToHTeJIbHor9 3HaIIeHIIH, ,meikCTByfl B PaMKaX oTnOBcKHX PacnOPH>KeHHII (Ha nePBOM MeCTe B皿HM qJOPMyJIy; <<nO…rPaMOTe Be皿一 、 KOrO KHH3H…》ノ. Ha 3aBep皿aIo山eM aTane H3AaHHH AC3H H. A・rony6= nPB nPIImeJI K BblBOny, 'IITo HeO6XO,瓜HMO yllllTblBaTb Cy皿ecTBoBaHHe KIHH3H BacIIJIIIH mBaHoBHIIa, cblHa HBaHa lll, 《ⅡPIIyCTaHOBJIeHHHJIIiqllocTHKHH3eiic!HMeHeMBacHJIIIH IigaHOBHIIa (rOJIeHIIHa, naTPHKeeBa li nP.) , nleiiCTBOBaBmHx B 3TII ronbl (1495-1498) B KaIIecTBe 60Hp BBe八eHblx H, Me>KXy n&POKIHM, nPHHHMa|B皿Ⅱx IOKJIanIJI nO cy4HblM ne- JIaM o 3eMJIe), 149. K co)KaJIeHHIo, npli ny6JIHKaUHH nepBoro ToMa A3IIXHⅡByx nepBblx ToMoB AC31'I poJIb KHFI3H B aclIJII畑HBaHoBHIIa (6yny皿ero BaclIJIHH 111) B Ho皿THIIeCKoji邪H3HH 90-x rOnPB XV B・BOBce 'He 6blJIa nPHHHTa B PaCLIeTHⅡO3TOMy B 60JIbmHHcTBe cJIyIIaeB <<KHFI3b BaJIeii l'IBaHoBI,III> yBePeHHO OTOXmecTBJIHJIcJI JIH60 c B.Ⅲ、roJIeHHHblM, JIH60 c B.H. naTpIIKeeBblM. B ocHoBe 皿eHTHq)IIKaUlM BacIIJIIIH HBaHoBHIIa c B. H. naTpHKeeBblM JIe>KaJI Te3Hc JI. B. IIepenHHHa o ToM, IITo B l495147 AC3H, T. 111, Nb 210. 148 TaM x(e, JMb 215. 149 TaM >Ke, cTp、500. 4 C 、 M , I 〈 a m Ta H o B 49
l 499 rr・ル1.10. H B. II. naTpHKeeBbl Bo3r、JIaBJ1fIJIM B MOcKBe f<|Cy4e611ylO KoJIJIerHIO> 150. Bo BTopoM ToMe AC31'i HeK唖《KHII3b BacMJIeA I/iBaHo- BIILIb> ynoMHHaeTcH B Nh 285, 289, 290, KoTopble naTHPoBaHb% <(oK[oJIo] 1492 r.》B o"oM MecTe B Nb 290 "ryplIpyeT <KHH3b BeJII1KM BacHJIe曲mBaHOBHIIb> 151, nPHIIeM n|OCJIeniU Hee IITeHIie Bbl3BaJIO y H3naTeJIH HeJIoyMel-IHblII BOnPOC II nono31)eHHe B HaJIIIIIPIH 3neCb onHCKII 152. B IIMGHHoM yKa3aTeJIe <<BacIIJIei mBal-IOBH'Ib> 3THx八oKVMellToB oTHeceH oIHoBpeMellHo II K B. II. ToJIeHIIHy, II K BacHJIHIo I/IBaHoBIIIIy, cblHy mBal-Ia lll l53. HII B oJHoM I13 aHa@ノI H3HDVeMblx TeKCTOB 。aMHJ叩くroJIeHHH>> He BCTPe[IaeM, xOTH yKa3aHHe baMHJIMII - 06blIIHoe HBJIeHIIeノIJIH八oKyMeHTOB, r4e 瓜eiICTBHTeJIbHO PeIIbH1eT o B. li. ToJIeHHHe l54. npocJIe>KIIBaH cJIyKIali ynoMIIHa'HHH BacIIJIMH MBaHoBHIIa B paccMaTpHBaeMbIx IIcToqHHKax, Mo)KHo y6e"ITbcH, IITo oII npHHHMaJI yqacTHe B pa360pe 6eJIo3epcKIIx 3eMeJIIJHblx ,UeJI nBa>K4bl: BO-nePBblx, 3a HeCKOJIbKO JIeT JP TOrO BPeMellII, Korna 6blJIII cOCTaBJIeHbl LOKyMeHTbl,-̲BH"IMo, nPm npmeMe HacJIeUcTBa MIIxaIIJIa AHnpeeBHIla BeJIo3epCKoro 155, BO-BTOpblx B nePIIo4 0。OPMJIeHm Ⅱ0m enmIIx moKVMe,HToB 156. Ha nepBoM II3 3TIIx sTanoB npII BacIIJIHHI'IBaHoBHIIe H aXO皿JIcH AbFIK Bac皿砿 ⅡOJIMaTOB, KOTOPblii CO6IiPaJI OTH OCH皿yIocH K Tfl>K6aM ZoKyMeHTaUIIIo 157. KaK IoKa:blBaJIocb Bblme, BacIIJI噸noJIMaToB 6blJI npHcTaBJIeH K Ba- cIIJIHIOHBaHoBHqyBCKOPenocJIenPll|coe八Hl.Iel-IHHTBepH, T. e. B KoHne l485 -HaIIaJIe l486 r., Korna BaclIJI砿noJIy- 1IIIJI BeJIHKoKHH>KecKIIik TRTyJI II KocTpoMy. npaKTHIIecKafI peaJIII3aU" XyxoBHoM MIIxaIIJIa AHIpe"IIIIa, HaIIaTaH, nO-BHXHMOMy,CI)a3ynOnPHCCe八HHeHHHTBepcKoroKHH>KecTBa, noTPe60BaJIa oT HBalHa lll 60JIbmoro yMeHIIH MaHeBpmpoBaTb. OT4aB omHoMy cBoeMy cblHy,《BeJIIIKoMy KHH3Io>, TBepb, oH nocJIaJI npyroro #cBoero cblHa, To>Ke 150 JIBqePenHIIH.yKa3:"q.,I1.2, CTP、238, 308. l51 ACSI'1, T、11, M 290, cTp. 225, ". 14. 152 TaM >Ke lI cTp. 591. 153 TaM >Ke, cTp. 591, 593. 154 '"3iX: I&1,Wi ", 39; AC3m, T- l,̲"624, 628, ,643,"9; TJ. M 336-338,̅418, 419, 421; T III} " 25L 26, 46, 4" (rP: p 49Il.)," 155 AC91'i, T. 11, Nb 285, cTp、191; Nb 290, cTp. 212, 215, 216, 221, 222,225Ke,' cTp204, 289, 290,̲cTp.̲244.226. Nb Nh 206; l56TaMンKe,Nb289,cTp、204,206;Nb290,CTP、244. 157 TaM >Ke, M 285, 286, 290, cTp、2111, 215, 216m且p. 50
《BeJTHKoroKHH3",JIJYHo(i)oI)MJIeHIIHnl)MeMa6eJIo3epCKOrO HacJIe八CTBa, Bbl3blBaBmel、o peBHIIBble IIyBcTBa y AHnpeFI yrJI皿Koro. npll ccblJIKe Ha pe山eHlif! cel)"liHbl 80-x rOioB, me旦皿He oT HMeHH BacIM", aBTopbl loKyMeHToB HaIIaJIa 90-x ronoB cTapaTeJIbHo 3aMeHHJIIi ero B6JIHKoK1ImKecKHii TIITy,JI KIIFI)KecKHM, OJHaKo B OmHOM ,MeCTe CTaPblM THTVJI ユ ” ジ cJIyJIaIIHo BbInJIbIJI, nPeAOCTaBHB TeM caMblM JParOUeHHeii- Ⅱ1HH MaTepmaJI八J1月皿eHT叫)HKaUⅡⅡJ1I'IIIHocTM KI-IFI3JI Bacli- JIlmMBaHoBHIIa B oTJIMqlie oT HBaHa MBaHoBII[Ia, BacmJ1砿mBaHoBMIIHenOJIyIIHn《rOCynaPeBblX》nPaB HaB|HOBb n」pHcoe41IHeHHylo TeppHTopHIo. CynH no ToMy, '[ITo HBaH III OTMeHHJI MIIOrHe )13 erO peme|H" 158, OH 3八eCb He 6blJI na>Ke Cymbeii BblCmeii IIHCTaHUlM. BTol)IIIIHoe npe6blBallMe BacHJIIIH liBaHoBHLIa |Ha Be- JIoo3ePe oTHogiTcH, nO Bceii BePOHTHoCTI1, K nePliOAy nOcJIe JIIIKB"aUlM yrJIIJUKorO KHH>KecTBa, T. e・K KoHLIv 1491- l492rr.CaMoynopflnoIIeHIIe3eMeJIbHblx八emBBeJIO3ePcKOM KPae HaxO""CH B HecOMHeHHoii CBfl3II c nPHcoe"HeHHeM COCe4Hero yl、J1 I'IuKOI、O VIeJTa. PaHee Mbl nOKa3aJIII, IITO nPHCOe八HHe l冊Ie yr・JII皿Ko-Mo- )KaicKoroK">KecTBam3MeHIiJTopoJIbBaclIJIIIRBTBep・ CKoii 3eMJIe. Tenepb Mo>KHo yToIIHIITb 3ToT Bonpoc. OT 7000 (ceHTH6pH l491 - aBrycTa l492 E) He coxpaHiiJIocb KaKIIx- 皿6PcB皿eTeJIbcTBonpaBaxBacIIJIHHBoTHomeHIMTBepCKoH 3eMJIH, 3aTO HMeIoTcH IaHHDIe, xa'paKTepH3ylo皿He erO npHLIacTHocTb K pa360py 3eMeJIbHblx TmK6 B̅ KOtTpoMcKoM ILPMe(ynoMJJHyTaHyKa3HaflrpaMoTaCBMHbHHy 159)II Ha BeJIoo3epe(paccMaTpHBaeMbleHcTo[IHHKII) .HAnpamHBaeTcH BblBo4, IITo HocJIe npHcoe"IHeHHH yrJIHqa BacIIJIHii 6bIJI JIIImeH TBepcKoro KHfDKeHIIH !60 H noJIyIIIIJI B BeneHHe 戸8 ⑰Q 一︾ ︒ ︵︵ LU TaM >Ke, JYb 290, cTp. 222, 225, 226. TaM zKe, T. 111, Nb 244. Bo3Mo>KI!9no3TQMy,IITo̲ MoHeTblTBepcKoronl)oIIcxo>KneH:"c HaA・ nHcbIo《KHfl3b BacHJIe HBaHoBHII”(A・OpeⅡIHHKoB・PyccKHe MoHeTbLmo l547 r., cTp. 55, Nb 331-Z@32, cTp. 80, Nh 447; cp. ofl >K e. "BenpeBHePYgEKIIeXeHbrII,̲cTpL.384)PTiIocIITcIIKndpiI6八vMe氷一 Jly oceHbio l490 r. !! ""oii l491 r̲ A B. OpemHmlfoB hampoa抑mx BpeMeHeM np l502 r., Kor", corJIacHo JIeTomIcII) Bac皿ルllo OblJI nO#<aJIOBaH THTyJI BeJIHKOrO KHH3H Bcefl PyCレ1 (A. OpemHH- K o B. nBe npeBHepypcKlie XeHbrII, cTI). 384) . H6 no6JIe l 497 r・Mo HeTbl c Ha旦皿cblo "KHH3b Bac"e HBaHoBHill," HE Mor狐イⅡoHBHTIンcH1 TaK KaK B l498 r. BacHJIHii 6blJI B onaJIe lI MoHcTbl IIeリeKaHmJI,B ll499 r. oH cTaJI BeJIHKIIM KIIH3eM, B 1500 r. 6e>KaJY B BH3L,My, B T'oM JKe ro4y BHoBb nOJIyllH、m BeJIHKoKHH>KecKIIii TIITVJI H 60JIbme ero y)Ke He TepHJI TaKIIM o6pa30M, mHpoKMMII paMKaillI nlJIH "TIIpoBKH 5 1 4 *
Te TeppHTop", KoTopble oll HMeJI B 1485/86 r.: KocTpoMy (erO nPaBa 3八eCb, BI皿MMo, npll6JIH>KaJIIMcb K <<rocyノ1ape↑ BblM>, o ueM |rOBoPHT U (1)aKT 1BblnaIIH MM yKa3HoH rl)aMo- Tbl 161) H BeJIOO3epO (r,Ue nOJIHOMOIIIIH MOJIOnPTO KHH3fI HOCHJIH, CKOPee BCero, LIIICTO Cy八eitcK" xapaKTep) . OIIeBⅢ瓜HO, !HO瓜且aBJIeHHeM CHJI, rPynlnlIPOBaB皿HxCH BOKPyr Be- JIIIKoii KHHrHHH Co(PbH, a Bo3Mo)KHo, H "H HeiITpaJIM3a皿H BoJIoUKoro KIIH3H BopHca BacHJIbeBI,IIla l62 1IBaH III BecHoii 1493 r. oTnpaBwI BacIIJIMFI B TBepb, Ho 。aKTIIIIecKH JIHml, B POJIII KHH3H KamHHcKoro. TaKIIM o6pa30M, 3aXep>KaTbcH Ha BeJIoo3epe Bacmmiit Mor MaKcHMyM 'Io HaIIaJIa l493 r. !63 B nePBoM ToMe ACali nloKyMeHTb! Nb 582-595 (JBe nPaBble rPaMOTbl, XBa CyJHblx CIIHCKa m l l nOK、ノIaJHblx CymHblX C皿CKOB )八aTHPoBaIIbl l495-1499 rr., nocKoJIbKy B 60JI bmH'HCTBe l,I3 HHx IIMelOTCH IcIBe八eHIIJI o 八OKJI a八e八eJI KHH3Io BacIIJIHIo I/IBaHoBHqy, KoToporo H3八aTeJIII OTOIKnecTBJIflIoT c B. I'I. naTpHKeeBblM, IIMeBmIIM 60FIpcKoe 3BaHHe ByKa3aHHbl向nPoMeIKyToKBpeMeHII164. B JpKyMellTax JYb 583-594 B KaIIecTBe cylbll bliryPII・ PyeT O八Ho H To )Ke JIImo - AHnpeih nepeJIemHH, a o6'beK- TaMH TH)K6bl HBJIHIoTcH cnopHble 3eMJIH 3aJIeccKoii H Bepe30BcKoA BoJIocTeii KocTpoMcKoro ye3,Ⅱ{a. CJIe40BaTeJIbHo, BCe aTH且OKyMel-ITbl OTHOCHTCH K OnHOMy CPaBHHTeJIbHO y3- KoMy xpoHoJIorHIIecKoMy oTpe3Ky. Bce neJIa 6bmHHaIIaTbI nOw<rPaMOTe>HJIHくCJIOBy>>BeJIHKorOKHH3H(HBaHalll), BO BCex CJIy[IaHx CynLH <<PeKcH nPJIO)KHTH rOCynaPH cBOero ④ BeJIMKOrO KHH3兜》, BblcJIymHBaJI )Ke nleJIO Ka班且blH Pa3 KHH3b BacH"城HBal-IOBHII, KOTOPblhHBblHOCIIJI nPHrOBOP (IICKJIIoIleHHe - JVb 593, rme cBeneHHii o ppKJIa4e HeT) . B nPKyMeHTax JVb 585, 587, 588, 590, 591, 592, 594 Haxo瓜ⅡMⅡo4nIIcb XbHKa OJIemKH Be306pa30Ba. B IIeTblpex IoKyMeHTax (Nb 585, 587, 590, 59 1 ) cKa3a,Ho, IITo KHfl3b BacHJI戒mBaHoSTHx MoHeT Ha八o npH3HaTb oceHb l490 - oceHh l497 rr.,̲ 60JIee y3KHMH H HaH60JIee BepoHTHblMH - ocGHb l490 - Qce旧I」 1491 rr. 16! AHaJIorliqHylo yKa3Hyio rpaMoT)' BbUaJI HBaH III B 149al94 r、,Kor- na BacIIJIIrit, kax<eTM, y)Ke HE BenaJI KOcTpoMoii (ACSH, T. 111. IM 245). 162 0 HoJIiITHIIecKllx nJIaHax 3Toro KHFI3R BeCHoii l493 m cB"eTe、mbcT- ByeTnpBoJIbHoHeo6blqHaH八ⅡH npaKTHKH BoJIoUKHxKHH3eiinonbITK3 yCTaHOBIITb TeCHbIiiKOHTaKT CEJIIIHTeJIbHeUl!IMnyj<onlitlMJbeO・ naJI6M - TpomUe-CeprlleBbIM MoHacTbIpeM (ACeli, T. I, M 572) . 163 nocJIe八Hme̅ no BpeMEHII maHHble o pa60Te Ha BeJIoo3el)e jTHcL(lai̲l<g" TopblMnaBaJlyKh3aHIIHBaclIJ1,llii,dTHocflTcfIKBecHel493r.(ACSI4, T. II, cTp. 246, npHM K Nb 290) . 164 ACSH, T. I, cTp. 494, npHM. K JVb 595. 52
BIIII <<BeJIeJI nlbHKy cBoeM'y OJIemKe Be306pa3QBY2̲cnleJIgTb BbImICKHH3KOCTPOMCKHXⅡHcUoBblxKHIIrl464/65r.3To ▲ onpenteJIeHIIeAJI.̅Be306p330Ba KaK"HKaKHFI3fI BacIIJIHfI HEaHoBHIIa cJIy)KHT HaII60JIee npoIJHblM ocHQ"HII・M IIJIH oTo>KnecTBJTeHIIFI nocJIenHero c cblHoM HBaHa lll,1160 60H- plIH naTpHKeeB He mqr HMeTb <<cBoero渉及bflKa. HCTOIIHIIKII ilaqaJIa 90-x ronpB XV B. noITBep>KXaIoT, qTo AJI. Be306pa30B neiicTBIITeJIbHo coIcToHJI nbHKoM npH KHH3e BacHJIIM U HBaHoBH[Ie・HaKoHeU,paHoH,K IIBaHoBIIIIe. HaKoHell, paMoH, K KoTopoMy KoTopoMy oTHocFITcFI oTHocHTcfI cyユー cyFIHble cnlIcKII,- KocTpoMcKoii ye3 - HaXOnHJIcH B KOMneHblec皿cKH,­KocTpoMcKoHye3,nI TeHuHⅡBacwIIIFI I/IBaHoBMIIJa HMellHo B ToT nel)IIonl, KorIIa y Hero 6blJI IbFIK AJI. Be306pa30B. nOCKoJIbKy Bce HcCJIeXyeMble nOKyMeHTbI HaulIIHalOTcH CO ccblJIKII Ha <rPaMOTy> IIJIII <<CJIOBO> HBaHa BacHJIbeBIIIIa, nepBaH cTanwI BeJIHKorO nPoneccoB KHFI3FI MorJIa IIMeTb MecTo eme JIo nepexona KocTpoMbl B BeneHHe KHFI3FI BacHJIIIH IiBaHoBIIIIa, T. e. np oceHH 1491 r.yxIaCTHe >Ke KHR3FI B pemeHHII 3THx nieJI cJIemyeT, oIIeBHnHO, OTHeCTII KO U BPeMeHM BblnaIIII OT erO HMeHm yKa"OII rPaM9TbI, 、WaB- llieiicII 3eMeJIb KocTpoMcKoro ye34a 165 (ceHTLH6pb l491 aBrycT 1492 rn) -̲ noKyMeHTbI Nb 582 H 595 - 3To npaBUe叩aMOTbl, nOCBHIJleHHble. cnopIiblM neJIaM: nepBafl - B nepecJIaBJIb=3aJIec- cKoM ye3Xe, BTopafI - B BoJIocTII Bope-KQpaglleBe MocKoBCKoro̅ye3Xa.OCTaHoBIIMcHcHaqaJIaHaNb595,nocKoJIbKy 3meCbynOMHHaeTCHnbHKくOJIeme"(oH>KeくAJIeKca皿p>>) Be306Pa30B BrpaMoTe rpaMoTeroBopHTcH,〔ITo roBopmTcH, qTo KHH3b BafIIJI" Be306pa30B・B KHH3b BacHJIHH U 四 u PIBaHOBIIII, CJIymaBmHH旦eJIO, BeJIeJI IIOnnIICaTb Cynl・lblH CⅡH­ coKくB e JI H K 6 r o K H H 3 H "HKy AJIeKcaHnpy Be306pa30- By)'. nPHBeneHHafI (bOPMyJIHPOBKa g皿e He naeT HaM npaBa BimeTB B BacHJIHH HBaHoBHIIe B.Ⅲ. naTpHKeeBa. CKopee BCerO, rPaMOTa OTHOCIITcH K HOCJIeTBePcKOMy nePHOPy nefITeJIbHocTH KHH3H BacIIJIHFI IIBalloBIIIIa, Koma oH ne-Iope y>Ke 6blJI JIHmeH 4<cBoero>> IIbflKa, Ho JIe-巾aKTO TOT HPOmOJI>KaJI HCHoJIHHTb nPH HeM CBOH o6fl3aHHOCTH nO noPyIIeHIIIO BeJIHKoTo KHFI3fI. CpenK naTHpoBaHHbIx TeKcToB 3ToT IoKy- MeHT Ha BopbcKo-Kop3eHeBcKHe 3eMJIH MocKoBcKoro ye3na (He 。IIryPmPylOIIIHe a XPyrHX HCTOq"KaX, CBH3aHHbIx C HMeHeM KHH3H BacIIJIIIfl) JIyIIme Bcero rloMemaeTcH B <npou Me>KyToIIHbl" nepIIoI (KoHeII 1493-nePBaFI nOJ1OBIIHa = E一一一 ----I65 TaM )Ke, T. 111, Nb 244 、 53
!49Ml̲9I K970Poro He momJIo HIIKaKIIx cBemeHIIii O KaPbepeBacIIJIHH HBaHoBIIqa. U K3ToMy>KeBpeMeHH,KaKHaMKa>KeTcfl,HV)KIIooTHe- cTHH IoKyMeHTNb635­瓜OKJTa4HOHCynHblH CIIHCOKHa no)KHIooKoJIonBopaTpoHⅡe-CeprHeBaMoHacTblpFIBPocToBe. Cyn 6blJI HaIIaT《Ⅱo rpaMoTe KIIH>Ke BacHJIbeBe HBaU U HoBHII", neJIO gOKJIanblBaJIocb KIIFI3Io, H cITHCOK HO瓜ⅡmCaJI UbfIKQ"emKaBe306pa30B B m34aHmi!qoKyMERT̅6&̅M: l<IIxo60gHoBaHmiinpHnlicaHBKroJIeHmHinnoBPeMem! ero nPe6blBaHHH B 40JI>KHOCTHⅡBOPeUKOrO naTIIPOBaH 1 500/01r.CHa皿eHTOxlKII3PeHIIH,HaJIHIIHenOnnHCII AJL Beap6pa30Ba HaJoKyMeHTe,"cocTABJIeHHoMMMuHH KHH3FIBacIIJIIIHHBaHoBIIqa,­ⅡoWTI16e30mH|60[IHbliinpHʻ U ⑥ ⑪ 3HaK TOrO, IITO B HOcJIen<HeM HanO BMeTb CbIHa HBaHa lll. KaKoe nqjIHTHrIecKoe 3HatleHHe MOr IIMeTb ̅aKT haie" E" KHH3HBacmJI"HBaHoBIIqaonpeXeJIeHHblMmyiIPaBJIeHqeCKHMHⅡoJIHOMOwIIFIMH B OTHOmeHIIII POcTOBa H BOJIo- cTII Boplf-Kop3eHeBa B 1493-1494 rl、.?npe瓜cTaBJIHeTcH, qrp mWWo B 9ToT rppmon, Qgo6eHHo nocJIe !cMepTH 6 Ho- H6pH1493r・KHFI3HAII,npeflyrJIHⅡKoro,ycIIJIIIJIIIcbVneJIb- Hble npIITH3aHHH KHH3H BopIIca BacIIJIbeBIIqa BoJIOilKoro, 89MOraBmerOCHTHTVJIa<KHH3HMOCKOBCKOrO)',CKoTOPbIM 6bLIIo cBfl3aHo BJTa4eHHe HecKoJIbKIIMH yneJiaMII K"eii MocKoBcKoronoMa!"BoJIocTbBoI]H-KoP3eHeBonpmHanU ʻⅢeiKaJIa K3IIcJIy <<3aMocKoB'bcKIIx> BoJIOcTeii, oTiaHHblx BacmJ1HeMTeMHbIMcF""y"IIIylOpHIo167,BtlbeM,yneJIE oHH HaxoIHJIHcb no l472 r.168 PocToB o巾皿HaJIbHoTaK>Ke Bxo凡HJI B pocTaB . BblMopoIIHoro Ha:cJIemcTBa lOp" nMHT- PoBcKorO (xoTH巾aKTHIIecKMI B 60-x - Ha'IaJIe 80-x roIoB PIM genama BeJIII"H KHRrHHH MapPIfI HpocJIaBHa) . B HoroBollax HBaHa lll 1486r. c BbpHcoM BoJIoIIKIIM II A"peeM yrJImUKHM MMeJIacb cneUmaJIEHaH cTaT",3a- npe皿aBmaHBopHcyHAHnpeIoくnoⅡEHcKHBaTH>TePPHTOpII¥, Ha KoJppbIe npe)Igle npocTIIpamcH cyBepeHHTeT IOp" II AHmpefI MeHbmorQ Cpe"[ 3TIiX 3eMeJIE HA3BaHb! PodTo'E I1 <<BoJIocTI" 169. CTaTbH HoKa3blBaeT HanpaBJIeHHocTb V瓜eJIbllblX nPHTH3aH". nPH HaPymeHI畑nOJI IITHIIeCKOrO 166 u C. M. KamTaHoB. O BHyTpeHHeMnO"ITm<e HBaHa rPO3HOro B IIepI'Io瓜《Be,1I"o[Q KIiJI>KeHIIFI)' CIIMeoHa BeK6yJ1aToRIi'la-《Tpymb1 MrllAII>, T. 16.M., 1961, cTp. 432-4341. 67 nHnr, cTp. 194. 68 AC3PI, T・I, Nb 401. 69 ⅡIInr, cTp. 316,320, 323, 326. 54
paBHoBeCHHBeJIHKIIMKHH3eM (aTaKIIMlIaPymeHHeM6blJIO nPHCOe"HeHHe yrJI皿Koroy瓜eJIaB1491E,o3HaII BnIee p33pblB JIoroBopa l486 r. c A皿PeeM) IO H3BecTHoih cTeheHil @<3aKOHHO> TePFIJIH cIIJIy H o6H3aTeJIbcTBa yneJIbHblx KHFI3ei no oTHome'HIIIo K BeJIHKoMy KHH310 '70. XapaKTep noJIHTHKII BopHca BoJIoUKoro B 1493-1494 rr. noBoJIbHo HceH - cTaBKa Ha TpoHⅡe-CeprHeB MoHacTblpb, no poJII1 paBHbIii (oco6eHHo npH HeycTo加HBoM noJIoIKeHIIH 30cHMbl) MIITPOHOJIHqbeii Ka巾eXPe, II cTPeMJIeHHe pacnPOcTPaHIIfbCBOEBJIIIHHmeHaBbCTOIIHOe3aMOCKOBbe'71. npenocTaBJIeHIie BacIIJIIIIo B 1493-1494 rr. KaKIix-To noJIHOMoIIIIii 'B o6JIacTII PocToBa H BopH-Kop3eHeBa, nO-B}I- ⅡHMoMy, nPeCJIen<OBaJIO UeJIb HeiTPaJIH3aUI'III c IIOMOmblO onHOrO <HaCJIeXHI1Ka》ⅡPlITH3aH嘘ⅡP|yrOro <<HaCJIenHIMKa>. HalI60JIee BepoHTHoe BpeMH BblnaIIm paccMaTpIIBaeMblX̲rpa- MOT­ⅡepIIoX Me)Kny cMepTbIo AHIpeH yrJ]皿KoTo (6 Ho汀6pfl l493 rj II Bo"ca BoJIoIIKQTo̲ (29 MaH 1494 r) . BepHeMcfl K HoKyMeHTy Nb 582. Cyn; 6blJI Ha'IaT Ho rpa- MOTe l/IBaHa lll, CynlbFI <<PeK!CFI HOJIO>KIITII ocnonlapH BeJIII- KoTo KI-IFI3FI>, Ho cJIymaJI II pemaJI neJIo KHH3b BacllJIHi I'IBaHOBH可. CVmecTBeHHoe oTJIIIIIHe 3Toro IoKyMeHTa oT Nb 583-594 cocToHT B HHoii reorpa巾HIIeCKO仇Ⅱp HypoIIellH O C Tm (BepxJIy6eHcKIIii cTaH nepecJIaBJIL-3aJIeccKoro ye3ma) H B oTCVTCTBHHnO皿IMCH且bHKa AJI. Be306pa30Ba. kak iib1 noMHIIM, yKa3HaH rpaMoTa KHfI3H BacmJIIIf[ HBaHoBHqaoPaCcJIemOBaHHH3eMeJIbHoiiTfl)K6blBKHHeJIbcKoM cTaHe nepecJIaBJIb-33JIeccKoro ye3" "TmpoBaHa 7005 ( 1 496/97) roloM 172. Mo>KHo HoJIaraTb, [ITo nePecJIaBcKIIe 170 B mvMIIJIoBcKoM cⅡHcKe H}IKoHo:BcKoi J1GTonIIcI,I B WIHJIJIII'IecKoM cBeTe・npencTaBJIeHbIoTHomeHIImMe>KLXIJBaHoMIILIIBopHcoMBoJIouKIIM B MoMeHT HoIIMaHwI AHmpefl yrJIYmKoro: <<BpaTa )Ke cBoero KHH3fI BoD|I"IcfI BacmmeBIM[Ig Bo'YoTUcKaro 11 zIeTcii ero HeyxI]1u1peH” IHarO HX ph皿HPaBa He BPe"I HII可HM >Ke" (nCPJI, T. X'11, cTp231232).rdpa3no5JTII>KeK̅nleicTBHTeJIbHocTI[JIaKoHHIIEogcoo6UeHMe OJHOTo JIeTOnl,IcUa, nOKa3IJIBalo皿ee HanPH>KGHHoCTI、 o5cTal{oBKⅡしI CTPeMJIeHmeBeJJIIKoroKHg3HlleliTPaJIII30BaTb̲BoPlica:"NT9rO̲>KeZIHI! nobnan no 6i)aTa cBoero Ha BonoK no K"3H Bopmc" (fI C JI y p b e; KpaTKIMii JIeToHHcenⅡorOmIHcKoTO cO6Pamm.­《Apxeorpa"IIecKI(ji ekeroFIHIIK 3a l962 ro". M., 1963, cTP. 442) ' l7I BopMc Bblna.II TI)oI皿e-CeprHeBy MoHacTblplo TpH TIlgMoTI,I Ha, "2"- liimbnkmli6Kylo iI nyCTomb IIejHbUoBcKyIO Ha p KIIfI3bMe (AG9H, T. I, M 572, 575, 576) . neP. nonKliHcKaa ilaXQ11!JIaCb Me"y c. IJePK1I36B1,1M(1ia KJifl3bMe)!1 6 3"rHII1>1M(ACSH, T. I, cTI). 631、「I I)IIM. K Nb 572) - ceBepo-BocTotIIIee MocKBbl. 172 rnB, noToZl. 1905, n. 83-83 06. 55
且eJIaBacHJIHiiIIBaHoBH印cTaJIPacCMaTPIIBaTbHePaHbme 3ToTo BpeMeHH, nocKoJIbKy eme B anpeJIe l496 r. oll 6bm HPOcJIaBcKHM <rOCynaPeM>. OTHeceHIIe noKyMeHTa Nb 582 K I496/97 r. BnoJIHe co- rJIaCyeTCH'coTCyTCTBIIeMHaHeMHO瓜ⅡIIcIIAJI・Be306Pa30- BaOlIHaKo,CKOPeeBCerO,nPOUeCC,OTPa>KeHHbliiB̅nPaBoi rpaMoTe, HaIIaJIcFI np noJIyIIeHHH BacHJTHeM cyne6Iiblx DOJIHOMOIIHii B OTHOmeHIm nepecJIaBJIfl-3aJIeccKoro. HHHⅡHaTHBHI>IM nOKyMeHToM nOCJIy>KHJIa 3neCb rPaMOTa l'IBaHa ll1, a, cy皿no yKa3Hoih rpaMoTe BacIIJI" 1496/97 r" 〆 OH CaM Obm HaneJIeH nPaBoM nlaBaTb yKa3bl O nPOH3BOIICT- Be Cyna (<<a O qeM CH COnPyT, H BbI 6 IIX H Cy"J1II, a cym cBoii cKa>KIITe MHe, KHH310 BacHJIblo HBaHoBIIIIIo)>) . Mbl 3HaeM nPaBylO rPaMOTy Ha nePeCJIaBCKIIe 3eMJTII, B KOTO- poi o6も月BJIeHo, IITo cyn HaIIaJIcH <<no rpaMoTe KHH>K BacIIJIbeBe HBaHOBRIIH》; KHFI3b BacIIJIHi cJIymaJI ,moKJIan, II cyJII1,Ii cmIcoK TJonmlcaJI nbHK Ko6flK; onHaKo, nocKoJIE- Ky BacHJIII# He BblHec oKoHIIaTeJTbHoro npHroBopa, a npHcy皿JI cToPoIIaM《ⅡOJIe)> (Cyne6Hbli nOe皿HOK), nPOneCc 3aTFIHyJICH, H O erO naJIbHeimeM XOne 6bmO nOJIo>KeHO y>Ke BeJIHKOMy KHH310 nMHTPMIIO HBaHOBH[Iy, 3aKOHqIIBI[IeMy PaccMoTpeHHe neJJa B MapTe l498 r. B nepBoM ToMe A31IX, me HanetlaTaH 9ToT IoKy- MeHT (Nb l l 7) , non KHH3eM Bac"IIeM HBaHoBIIqeM HoXpa3yMeBaeTcFI B. I/I. roJTeHI,IH I73. HIIKaKHx naHHblx XJIH TaKorO OTO派瓜eCTBJIeHHFI I・IeT. nePenl HaMH TeKCT, PHCylO皿城 n O C J I e n O B a Te J I b H b l e 3 Ta n b l n P O U e C C a : e r O H a I J a J I O M XO 瓜 旦 O onaJIbl KHH3fl BacHJIHH HBaHoBH[Ia, 3aBepmeHIIe llocJIe onaJIbl BacHJIHH H KopoHanHPI nMHTp"-BHyKa. To, qTo HMeIIHO nMIITPlIi ,mOBeJT nP KoIIna neJIO, HaIIaTOe nO IIII皿IイaTHBeHnoI KoHTpoJIGM BacIIJIHR,yKa3blBaeT IIa ni)eeMCTBGHHOCTb KaK TePPIiTOPHaJIbHblx, TaK H dJyHKUHOHaJIbHbIx nPaB 3THX COnePl-IHLIaBmHx nPeTeH,melITOB Ha npecToJI 174 1I TeM caMI,IM nQIITBeP>KnaeT Bo3Mo)KHOcTb OTOxmeCTBJIeHIIfl j)HrypHpylo皿ero 3necb BacIIJIIIFI HBaHoBIIIIa c cblHoM HBaHa ll1. TaKPIM o6pa30M, '1・1a[IaJIbHaHⅡaTa 3TorO XoKyMeHTa - 1 4 9 7 r. 173 Ad)311X, [1. 1, MMGHHoM yKa3aTeJTb, cTp. 339. I74 06 3TOii npeeMCTBeHHOCTI,I CBImeTeJILCTByeT列1pyraH TIpaEafI rpaMoTa l498 r., rne, BnpotleM, BacImllii l'IBaIIoBIIII He ynoMII11acTcFI: 06'I,eKT cy" HaxommcH B KocTpoMcKoM ye3JIe, IBa脈Ⅱmno61,manIIIGM B Be,IGHIIII Bacmmfl; neJ1o XoKJIanLIBaJIocI> BeJI. IfⅡ. nM11"I、111110 I/IBalIoBIIIIy; ero nl)MroRoI) no皿ⅢCa,11皿HK A.IT. Ec3061]a30B (A(p311X, q. 1, Nb 259). 56
B nepBoM ToMe AC3H npHBJIeKaeT BHIIMaHIMe 40Kyʻ MeHTNb427:KynIIafl6e3naTbl,HaKoToPoHmMeeTCH60JIee U IIO34HFIfl 3aⅡHcb o cyne6HoM npHroBope, BblHeceHHoM Ha 6&Mi" 3Toik Kyitleii' KynqaH KacaeTcH 3eMeJIb̲BePxU n""bro cTaHa nepecJIagnb-3alrecgforo ye3": 34"b 6ieJIaHa oT MMeHI[KHH3RBacmJI"IIBaHoBIWa m mo瓜ⅡH65"̅JIbHKoM <<BeJIHKoro KHH3" "IopoM KypmUblHbIM. B npHMeqaHHH B3"TeJ1H cKa3aHo, gro B 3anHCHくp a3yMe- eTcFIKH.Bac.HB.roJIeHHⅡ,ⅡHceUnepeHcJIaBJIfl-3aJIeccKoro l504 r., KoTopblii cyZIIIJI ynoJIoBHHKoBblI c TpoHIIWIM ⑪ bTaPi6M BApJIaai{oMno.yKa3aHIilo cTap" BapJI""̲k Pakoda, no jioMeHTa T"<66I MoHacTBI"c yrIWIQW"WW oT IIoKvHKII IIVcTomHMeJIbHIIIIm皿e npomJIo 30 JIeT; oTcIona ご nPHMePHafl八ATa KynIIei: oK 1474-1475 rr.》 HCXOIHafl nOCblJ1Ka nPIIBeneHHOrO PaCCy>K,meHHFI nPOII3- BoJIbHa: nouleMy KHH3b BacIIJI砿HBaHOBHII - HMeHHO B.Ⅲ、roJIeHHIH?OTKyⅡaH3BecTHo,IIToⅡHceⅡB、H. roJIeHHH cymiJI B l504 r.ynoJIOBHIIKOBblx c TI)OIiUKHM CTaPUeM BapJIaaMoM BapaKoBblM?ʼ'I3BecTHoJIHmbTo,【ITonHceU ⑪ E !mroJIeHIIH 9aHIIMaJ1cH MeJKeBaHIieM B IIIePeHCKOi BoJIocTII B 1504 r.175, IIo IIIIKaKIJx naHHblx o ero cyXe no TaX- 65̅MGMf ynoJIoBHIIKoBbIMH H cTapUeM BapJIaaMoM Ba- paKoBbIMbnpKyMeHTax1504r:̲HeT.HaJIIIqHeBnpllrgB2p= HOH 3aⅡHcII KIIH3fl BacIIJIIIH I'IBaHoBH[Ia noⅡⅡHCH旦bHKa U ①e且opa enopa KyplinbIHa, Ky”ⅡbIHa,KoTopblH KoTopbIii He HeBcTpeLIaeTcH BHcToIIHHB HcToW- Kax io3)Ke l500 r. !76, 3acTaBJIHeT e皿e PemHTeJIbHee OTKJIO- IiHTbnPentJIo)KeHHyloBAC3I1八aTmPOBKy3aⅡHCHHeeaTp H6yuHio. CKopee Bcero, nePeJL HaMI! 3anllcb, f4eJIa"" H5̅im6boPyk"3flBac""HBanoBHIIa,cbInamBaUam: u nPII naTIIPoBKe 3TOII 3anHCII HanO IIMeTb B BH且y, wITO KHH31J BacIIJMii l/IBaHoBII11巾mryPllPyeT 3JIecb B poJIHnpo- cTocV"H(oIIIIe《BeJIeJICyntbe>>くOnpaBHTII)"H<<o6BHHII“ TH>,aCaM《onpaBIIJI)'II<<o6BHHIIJI>>).CoxpaHIMacbnpaBafl rpaMoTacynakHH3HBacIIJIIIHHBaloBIIqa,3aJTq且nHcblo 旦団Ka Ka AJI・Be306pa30Ba,Ha3eMJIH Am̅ Be306pa30Ba, Ha 3eMJIIIPoMaHoBcKoHBoJIocTH PQMaHoBcKoir goJIocTW ifM""I,-3anebcKoro yc3" B sToii rpaMoTe Ba"" IIB2HoBIiLI HcHOJIHHeT Ty >Ke (I)yHKmIIO HenOCPe"TBeHHOrO ⑫ CymbH, [ITO MI B TPOImKgHⅡPlITOBOPHoit 3aⅡHcH. B nepBoM T6Me A3IIX <K"3b BacliJIeii l'IBaHoBJIq> paccMaTplIBa- EMoro noKyMeHTa (JVb l 29) pacIHII(jpoBblBaeTcH KaK 175』ヘC311, T. I11, M 46. 176 H・A.Ka3aKoBa '!n.C・JI y p b e. yKa3. co(I., cTp. 204, わ 57
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IIWTHblM rPaMoTaM IBopcKHx >Ka6eHcKoii BoJIocTH I496U 1497 rr" o xapaIgepe BJTacTII BaC"1 B Kaim6koiM3U jle B 3To BPeMfI. He cJIy[laiiHo caM oH He BbmaBaJI IIMMf"ヅ TeTHbIx rPaMoT巾eOnaJIaM (nO皿IIcaI.IHe BacIIJIHeM rpaMoKa。ノ1H31IHy TbI MOHaCTblPlo, nPe皿OJIO>KIITeJIbHO OTHeCeHHOe ""」497 r" ""JIccb, KaK 6bIJIo noKa3aHo BbIm6,̅YW BblmeHIIeM erO <3aKOHHblx》ⅡoJIHoMoIIHii) BepoHTHo, Ba- W"̲"BaHOBII33anHMa"nOJIo)KeHme/CPeimeemb"' 9TaTycoMcJIy>Ke6HorOKHH3HHcynbHBToboi mHcTaHuHH q D !II9̲gg"""IM TH'K6aM) 9 oTHoliieiIMIIKahiliMMrm U cJTaBcIgro ye3npB B nepBoII IIoJIoBHHe l496 r" KamIIHcko" romnepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKoroye3noB - B1496-glZI"̅if., K KoTQpbIM oceHbIo 1497 r. 6bIJI npII6aBJIeH Cv3naJIbcKmif ⑱ ye3J;(coxpaHIIJIJIHBaclIJImii3ac660iiKamlli6fHHye34 切 U IIocJIe HIoJIH l497 r., HeH3BecTHo) . O noJIo>KeHIM nMIITp"-BHyka B I490-1497 rr. HcToIIHHKII nO IIcTOPHII= BHyTPeHHerO ynPaBJIeHHH He cOneP>KaT ④ HIIKaKIIX △ CBemeHIm. B WoTe l948 r. H. C. JIypbe nIIca'ノI: <...nMIITP" ME"I!!mmPm3HanCBOmMHa6jlemHmKOMiIOCjiFM" IJBaHa HBaHoBmwa, oTnaBafI, TaKHMo6pa30M,̅iPennOIITeII"̲ BHyKy nepeJI BTopblM cblHoM Bac"HeM)> 180.B KHHre 1955 aBTop̲ n BbIcKaaFIBaeTcHocTopo)KHee,noJIaranrqf5fi6: CJIe cMePTH HBaHa l'IBallOBHIIa《nMHTPHH MOr CrlHTaTbCH aaKQHHLIMHa'cJIeXHIIKoMIIpeCTOJIa)> !81. ⅡpeⅡⅡOJIO>KeHHe ⑪ H C JIyPbe O Ha3HamleHHIi.nMHTP"-BHyKa. "cJmm6M npecToJIa npHMeHHMo ToJIbKo K MapTy - ceHTH6pIo 1490 r., oIHaKo H TaKoe nqPymeHIIe BecbMa coMHHTeJIbHo, II60 jlBe TBePCKHe MOHeTbl nMIITP", eCJIHHx nPIIyPOIIHTb TO>Ke K 2TOMy BPeMeWLIIOKa3bIBaIOT ero JIIImb B PO"H <<KHFI3". g oKTH6" 1 490 r" Korna TBepcKoe HacJIMcfBo ̅MM HBaHoBII[Ia noJIyqIm BacmJTIIii, nMIITpIIi enBa" M6ir̅MiZ TaTbCH HaCJIenHHKOM nPecToJIa. HeKoTopbleHa6JIIonteHIIFI,Kacalo皿HecHnOJIHTHIIeCKoH I T r poJIH cblHQBen ll BHyKa HBaHa lll B 90-x ro"x XV B, cneJIaHb[n>Kd)eHHeJIoMnPIIaHaJIM3enOCOJI66KIIXKHIIF; nocBHmeHHblx cHomeHIIHM c JIHTBoii. B npIIBeTcTBeHHoii や IIacTH P"a nOKyMeHToB ynOMHHaIOTCH HOKJIOHLI II qeJIO- 61ITbHoTIIJIeHoBnPaBH皿eroBeJIIIKoKHfDKecKoroIoMaJIII- C・J1 PeP>KaBII"y9WI¥aWCl<!A oro y 180g. 《y〔JeHbTe3anHcKIIJ1rnI'111M rePUella", AⅡ.rePⅡeIIa》,T,781<31)“mHcTo.JJrnH HA 」IM T"81<""̅iiffO-­ l)III! CCCP. J1., 1948, CTP. 81. 4 I81 H. A. Ka3aKoBaⅢ月. C. JIypbe・yKa3. coII., cTp. 164­1 65. 60
U ToBcKoMVBenlIKoKIIfI>KecKoMyceMeAcTByIIHao60poT.3'IOT U ひ UellIIIJIii MaTePHaJI nO3BOJIHeT八O K3BecTHOII cTenellH CynJTb o MeCTe TOrO IIJIH MHoro IIJIeHa BeJIIIKOKHH>KecKOH印a唖 ⑥ ʻ U MHJIHII Ha CTyneHHX CeMeIIHOHHepapxHII. OAHaKo HoJIyIIeHHe TaKOrO l)04a naHHbIx COnPmKeHO C I13BeCTHblMH TpynHocTHMIi・B HeKoTopbIx cJ1yqaHx nepeqeHb noKJIoHoB He nnHBo・ 且HTcH,a yKa3blBaeTCFIJIEmb, IITOHOCJIenOKJIOHOB6blJIa BpyqeHa rPaMoTa lI T、n. HenpcTaToIIHafl IIcToIIHHKoBe,mIIeCKa兄Ⅲ3yqellHOcTb (bOl)Mbl nOcoJIbCKHx KHHr II B [IacTHo凸 U cTII Pa3JIH[I" B TImax 3anHcIi Pa3Hblx BHユOB JIOKyMeHToB He ntaeT BO3MO>KHOcTH I'IcHOJIb30BaTb HX MaTePIIaJI c yBe- peHHOcTblo,IITo PeHHOcTblo, [ITo BCe BCe瓜aHHble naHHble ⅡeHCTBHTeJIbHO neiICTBHTeJIbHO COnOCTaBHMbl COnOCTaBHMbl H IITo II3BJIeqeHHble cBemeHIIFI nPe八CTaBJIHIOT CO60ii CHCTeMy, nPlirOJHylo JJIH HCTOPHIIeCKoro nOCTPOeHIIH. Ⅱ】K、 eHHeJI, CCblJIaHCb Ha nePeqeHb noKJIOHQB B TPeX 』 八OKyMeHTaX (O皿oM1494r.182HⅡByxl495r.183),nHmeT: 《O6blIIHblii nop皿oK 6blJI TaKoii: IIBaH III, Co巾bH, EJIeHa u CTe。aHoBHa, iIepBble Tpll̲cblHa (go巾bH-BacHJI", I0pHii Ⅲ瓜iIIITpliii, bblli EJIeHIji nMHTp" npaKTHKa 6blJIa, oIHa⑪ U KO,cJIe八ylo皿eH:cHaYIaJIa ylomek: cHawlaJIa cTaPm" cTaPmHH〔IJIeH qJIeH MoCKoBcKoro MoCKoBcKorononoCoJIbCTBa nePenaBaJI HOKJIOH QT BeJIHKOrO KHH3fI; 3aTeM BTOPO力nOCTaPmlIHCTBylnOCOJI]nePe""JInPHBeTCTBHHOT u Tpex cblHoBeit Co巾bH; HaKOHeU, cTaPm皿 IIJIeH nOCOJIbCT- B3 nepe"Ban npiIBeTcTBHe oT cbIHa EJIeHb] JIMIITp"." Cod)bffIIEJleHaCTedJaHQBHa ynoMMHanlicb .jlIPo.BTopblM nocTaP皿HHcTBy[nodnoM]nep"cblHoBbFIMIICo。bHHJIM cTapmliMqJIeHoM{nocoJIbcTBalcpa3ynocJIeBeJIIIKoroKIIIIZ 3H. ̅OTMeTIIM, [ITo EJIeHa CTe巾aHOBHa He ynOMHHaeTCH nP l495 r. B cHIIcKe noKJIoHoB> 184. U BMecTe c TeM BblBo,瓜 aBTOPa MaJIo U yTemHTeJIbHblH: ⑥ くB xone八ⅢⅡJIOMaTHqecKIIX CHOmeHIiii C JIHTBOH瓜eJIaJIocb Bce nlJIH Toro, qTo6bl cKPblTb oT JIHToBcKoro BQJoMcTBa IIHo- cTpaiIHbIxXejl,KoMyomaeTcHnepBeHcTBo-BacmJIIIlo"U 瓜MHTpmlo.HeJIb3HBbIBecTIIHHKaKoro3aKJIIomleHIIH、MI3TQrP 56pHnka,BKoTopOMnepenaBaJIIIcbnpmBeTcTB"AJle"lt o3EMif6TE' HeMIIJIocTIi 90-xnHee aerO》KeHe 6bIJIa B npy, ceMeHcTBa,EcJIH ECJIH B Cod)bH HII ">Ke OTIIJIeHOB BeJIHKOKHH>KecKOrO Co巾bH“》KeH6bmaBHeMHJIocTHB90­x u ronax,enBaJIHEBaHIIInleMOHcTPliPOBaJI6bIJaTO,OnyCKafI eeiIMiI Bneneulax, nocblJIaeMbIx B BIIJIbHy, H60 B aTo Bpe- MH OH HMeJI Bce OCHOBaHIIH nPeJICTaBJIHTb rJIa3aM 3anaPHO182 <C6. PHO>, T, 35, cTp. 138. 183TaM>Ke,cTP"164-165,204=205. 184 J・Fen nell・Op・cit.,P, 335, note 2. 61 .了、.- . -一
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IjBBHoBjlBoI]lOpbeBII[laB!IoBoi,I!cBeJIHKOIoKHjirmHeiO Co巾belo I(C neTMH,H c HeBecTKOIoc Be川IKOIOKHflTHIIGIO c EJIelloIo, Ii co KHH3eM JMlITPlieM C BIlyKOM), 19a yllOMIi- HaHHenMllTPHH-BHyKaB3ToM HaHHeユMHT”H-BHyKaB3T oMH3BeCTHHOnepee3旦eBeJIHK II3BeCTIIIIO̅nePee3neBeJIHKOOU KHH)KGcKOH U CeMblI B八pyroH且Bop caMo no ce6e Ka>KeTcfY MaJIo noKa3aTeJIbHblM. OnHaKo, eCJIII conocTaBHTb erO c naHHblMHノ]、Im@"OMaTHIIeCKIIX nPKyMeHTOB II ylleCTb, uTO HMH<BHVK”BJIeTomlcHoI1cTaTbeHa3BaHO,a“eTIや〔bⅡMIMH <<BHyKPl> B JIeTOmiCHOH CTaTbe Ha3BaHO, a <<neTI" (bHryPllPylOT 6e3 1IMeII, noJlyIIIITcfl KoMnJIeKc KocBeHIIblx IIa6Jilo八eHIIii, cJIy2Ka皿ルIx HaMeKoM IIa yBeJIH[IellIIe B l492 r. noJIHTII'IeCKOTO 3HaIleHHH nOCeJIe MaJIO 3aMeTHOrO H I-Ie OTMe- qaeMOrO HCTOIIHIIKaMH HacJIe4HHKa KHR3FI I/IBaHa HBaHOBII【Ia MoJIonpro. Bo3BblmeHIIemMHTI)IIFIB 14921、.JIBIIJIOCbl)e3y."I」TaTOM II3MeHeHHH nO"HTmⅢecKoi o6cTaHOBK}I nOCJIe aPecTa AHnPeFIyr、mUKoroBceHTH6pel491r.OIIeBH八HO7KOma 。 oTnaJIa HeO6XO且HMoCTb B HeHTPaJIII3aUlM yrJIHUKOro KHH- 33, HBaH III nPe>Kne BCerO JIHmHJI BacIIJIwI TBepcKoro KHH>KeHIIH, a 3aTeM Ha[laJI nOcTeneHHO BblJBHraTb nMHT- PHH-BHyKaB JaKIeCTBenOJIHTHKIecKOrOnPOTHBOBeca'CTaP- meMy cblHy. BepoHTHQ& 3Ta noJIHTIIKa Bbl3blBaJIa conp6- THBJIeHHe co cTopoHbl Co巾bH H nO3TOMy nPoBO皿JIacbnoKa G皿e BecbMa OCTOPO>KHO. r,me HaxO皿皿cb o6a mMIITpHfl B Mae l492 r (Hx <<B Ty nopy y BeJIIIKoro KHR3fl He 6biJIo>) , 。 HaM I・leH3BeCTHO, OIHaKO HeT HHKaKHX OCHOBalIHHC【IルITaTb> U LLTo B sTo Bp"H nMHTp"-BHyK Mor noJIymlMTb TBeph B ceHTH6pe l493 r. npII IBopebTcyTcTBoB3" Bacル、恥I. ⑪ O ero nocblJIKe B TBepE B l492/93 r. 6006maeTcH, KaK y>Ke ynoMIIIIaJIOCb, B Pa3PfmaX. B HHBape l494 - Mae l495 r. JIHToBcKIie nocoJIbcTBa nePeniaBaJIH nOKJTOHbl B CJIe4ylOmeルI OIIePenHOcTH: nePBblM HOCOJI - I'IBaHy lll, BToPOii nOcOJI-《瓜eTeM BeJII1KOrO U 心 U KHH3H, KHH310 BacHJIblo, KHH310 10pblo, KHH310 EMHTpelo, II BHyKy BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, KHfl310 nMIITpeIO)" 196. B MapTe l494 r. pyccKoe nocoJIbcTBo JIoJDKHo 6blJIo nePe,maBaTb nPIIBeTCTBwI B TaKOM nOP皿Ke: l ) nePBblii nOcoJI noKJIoH oT HBaHa lll; 2) BTopoii nocoJI - HoKJIoH oT U ” Co。bH II IIeJIo6HTbH oT ee neTei - BacIIJI", IOpHH II U 195nCPJI,T.1V.Cn6"1848,cTp.160-161;T、VI,cTp.39,240;T.V111, cTp. 224; T. XII, cTp、233̲; T. 20, nepBa別ⅡoJIoBHHa, cTp. 357; T. 27, 0 cTp. 291; T. 28, cTp. 157, 322. 196fC6.PHQ',T35,cTp.112,157(nocoJ16bIJIo八IIH)、160,188(nocon 6bIJ' O"H). 64
nMIITp"; 3) nepBblii nocoJ1 - [IeJIo611Tbe oT IMIITpIIFIBHyKa l97. B jlHBape l495 r. Bo BTopoM nyHKTe 6blJI np6aBU J I e H I o K J I O H O T < C H OX I I > B e J I I I KO r o K H H 3 F I - B e 、 ノ I H KO H K H H r H ­ HH EJIeHb[ (HocJIe noKJIoHa oT Co。bH) 198. B aBrycTe 1495 r. B 3Toii mePeMoHIIII Ha'6JIIo4aeT'cH e皿e OXHO H3M'eHeHHe: noKJIoHbl oT BeJIHKHx KHHrIIHb (Co。blI HEJIeHbl) ne- pe"IoTcH nePBbIM nOCJIOM (cPa3y nOCJIe nOKJIoHa OT BeJIHKOrO KHH3fl) '99 TaKIIM o6pa30M, ecJIH JIHToBcKHe nocoJIbcTBa B l4941495 rr. npocTo cTaBHJIH瓜MHTPHH-BHyKa Ha nocJIenHee MeCTo B PFIJy nOToMKOB IIBal-Ia lll, TO PyccKIIii UePeMOHH○ aJI IOKa3blBaeT, CKOPee, naJIbllemmee yKPenCJIeHHe erO nO- 3IIUHii npLI BeJIHKoKH"KeCKoM HBOPe. ByAyIHI nOCJIeAIIMM B nePeLIHe, "MMTPmiTeM He MeHee BO3BblmaJI|CH IO BeJIIIKOKHH)KeCKoro yPOBHH, H60 erO nPHBeTcTBIIe nePenaBaJIOCb “ nePBblM HocJIoM - TeM )Ke caMblM, KOTOPblH ⅡePenaB aJI nokJIoH oT IIBaHa lll. y)Ke onHo sTo cTaBHJIo ero KaK 6bl H a 旦 及 e T b M H B e J I H KO r O K H H 3 H ・ B oTJIIIIIHe oT ,meTeii, Ha3BaHHblx ToJIbKo Ho IIMeHH, mMHTpHii-BHyK B PacCMaTPHBaeMblX HaKa3aX PyccKIIM HocJIaM l494--l495 rr. HMeHoBaJIcH c oTIIecTBoM, IITo TaK>Ke ⅡO,nHePKHBaeTKaIIeCTBeHHOHHohyPOBeHPeroHQJIO>KelIHH Ho cpaBHeHIiIo co cTaTycoM BaCllJI", IOpIIfIH瓜MHTP IIH- cblHa. HaKoHeni, o Bo3BblmeH皿旦MIITPwI B aTO BPeMfl cBH- AeTeJIbcTByeT H BKJIIoIIeHIie EJIeHbl BoJIomaHKII B cnIIcoK JIIm, nePenaloUHx nPHBeTcTBHfl JIHToBCKoMy BeJIHKoMy KHH310. Co。" noRBJIJIeTcFI B 3ToM cnHcKe BIJepBble B Map- Te l494 r., BepoHTHo, KaK 6yly皿aH Te皿a AJIeKcaHmpa, B cBfl3H c HatlaEmHMHcH B HHBaPe - MapTe l494 r. TIepero. BopaMII o >KeHHTb6e BeJIHKoro ̲KHFI3FI JIHToBcKoTo Ha,n、oIIe- pH HBaHa lll EJIeHe. EJIeHa BoJIIomaHKa BKJIIoIIaeTcH B 6mIcoK B HHBape l495 r., o[leBMHo, nJIH HeiiTpaJIH3aUHII VCHJIHBalO皿ehc兄noJIIITH[IecKoii poJIII Co。bll ll "H yKpen- JIeHIIH nO3皿噸ⅡMHTPHfl-BHyKa. B HHBape l495 r2 06e Be- JIHKHe KHflrHI-IH cToflT B H3BeCTHoM CMblcJIe IIⅡ承e瓜MHTpHHBHyKa, II60 Hx HoKJIoHbl nepe,nalOTCfl BTOPblM IIOCJIOM. POcTV - HoJIIITIIIIecKoro aBToPlITeTa nMIITI)Iifl-BHyKa B 1494 - HaIIaJIe l495 1、r. cooTBeTcTByeT HoIITHⅡoJIHoe Hc- 【Ie3HoBeHIIe B sTo BpeMfl c HoJIHTHqecKoii apellbl KHH3H BacHJIIIH HBaHoBHIIa, KoToPOe nPOcJIe>KIIBaeTcfl no aKTaM. 197 TaM JKe, cTp. 138. l96 TaM >Ke, cTP、164­1 65. 199 TaM ]Ke, cTp. 204-205. 5 - C. M. KamTaHoB 65
IIO- BII八HMoMy, co cMel)TI)Io AHnpefI yrJIIIUKoTo B I493 r. II Bol)Hca BoJIoIIKorqB Mae l494 r. oTnaJIa HJIH pe3Ko yMeHbmIIJIafb noTI]e6IIocTb B IIcnoJIb30BaHI,III BaC"" nJIHnpoTHBoneihcTBHH yXeJIbHblM KHH3bHM. Bo3HHKJIa HoBaH 3ana[Ia - OrPaHHIIHTb TeppHTOPHaJIbHble nPIITfl3aH" H BJIacTb caMoro BacHJIHH. Ocy皿ecTBJIeHHe 3TOA 3a,ma[III H BblJIBIIHyJIO Ha nePenHI戒 皿aH UMIITPIIH-BHyKa. C l495 rb0pb6a Me2"y mapTIIHM" BadiJI[硯Ⅲ且MHT/ PHflnpHO6PeTaeTocTPbl曲xapaKTep.Bblxo只只oIIepHHBaHa lll H Co巾bH, BeJIHKoii KHH>KHbl EJIeHbl HBaHoBHbl, 3aMy)K 3a "TPBcKQro BeJIHKoro KHFI3H AJIeKcaHnpa ycHJIHJI HO3皿HIJ Co。blI. CBa"6a cocToflJIacb B BImbHe . 1 5巾eBpa- JIR 1495 r.200, Ho y)Ke c 3 。eBpaJIH 1495 E 3aMeTHo̅MeIIHeTcH IIepeMoIIIIaJI npllBeTcTBHiI AJIeKcaHDPy: noKJIoHbl TenePb, KaK nPaBHJIo, HayT ToJIbKO OT CaMOro BeJIHKOrO KHH3H Ii nOCTaBJIeHHOi c HHM Ha OXHH yPOBeHb BeJMKoi KHHrHHII Co。blI 20L npaB", IIBaH III CTpeMIIJIcH He nPmycTIITb giulecIBeHHoro noJIIITMLIgcKoro npeliMXUecTBa Co。bn nepem EJIeHoii: m3 nl)IIBeTcTBIiii aBrycTa l495 E Mb[ B"mM, 1JTo EJIeHa To>Ke 6blJIa no4HHTa np ypoBHFI BeJIHKoro KHH3H (nOKJIOH OT Hee nePe"Ba皿epBbli nocoJI) . OJHaKo ycHJIe- HHe no3HU" Co巾bH OTPa3IIJIOCb Ha nOJIO>KeH皿ⅡMIITpIm. Cp""M 3anllcII o nepenaIIe noMIIHKoB B HIIBape H aBTycTe l 4 9 5 r. >IHBap1, << . . .nOMIIHKB KO r O KHH3H mOT HBIITII ABrycT OT BI・IVKa BenllKI好I3IO CGMel'v 202 nd 3anMcH・A oT BeJTwKIIX KI・IFITHHb lI OT neTei nOMMHKII HBHTII MI1Xaii@JIy 203 110 3amlCII>> 20j 《... nOMIIHKH HBIITM OT BeJIHKOrO KIIH- 3fI H OT BeJIIIKRX I<IIJIrHHL BOPHCy 205 A noCJ1e BGJIHKIIX KIIHrHHb BIIVKa Be.mHKOrO K1.1列3月》207 の ハ ハ 星 . リ り 八 ロ ↑ U ー ● ITCPJI, T. 27, cTp. 366. 《C6 PI10", T. 35, cTIL 172, 173, i78 (MapT), 196 (Mai), 201-202 (''Io川.) I̅IepBblii nOCO.m. BTopoii noco.w. "C5. PI'IO>, '1,. 35, cTI). 165. nepBbIHⅡoCoJ、 ︒ 0 2 6 BTopoii nocoJI. 20 7 2 か0 手︽ 20 し 20 4 ○ 0 二牌 llOMHHKOB MaiiKy 206 jlBMTH ITOMRHKH OT 1eTeii BeJIRKOrO KIIH3FI. A OnOCJIe JIeTI,IHLIX noMIIIIKoB JIBHTMI IIoMHHKII BoPllcy oT む U U 唖P <C6. PHO>, T、35, cTp. 205; cl). cTp. 207. 66
Mo>KHo 3aMeTHTb, IITo ecJIFI B 'HHBape l495 r. oIIepeX・ iIoCTb nepenaqm nOMIIHKOB OTcTynaeT OT Oqepe"OCTmⅡe- penaqH noKJIoHoB, [leM̲JaeTc兜npeHMy皿ecTBO nMMTI)IIIO- EHyKy、o B aBrycTe l495 E o。e nepeMoHmm BnoJIHg "JIgg cyibTBI m UMIITpIIik-BHyK B o60IIx cJIyqaHx omeMeT)cH ̲qT EaflikOrOklifI3ffBeJ1HKiiMIIKHHrHHHMmmXeTbMH208 (Bne。 U peqHe qeJIo6IITIIii EneHe HBaHoBHe nMIITp""yM、"M Ki56f̅n66jienHeeMeCTO,noc"e BeJImKmxKIIfDKoH・enocbm IIA皿OTbli) 209 IWE"4or6,。"BrycTe !495「Bo皿KIIeKHHrHHII6blJII1 nPen6TaBJIeHb[nePBbIBLnOCJIOM,qTOHaPymaJIO̲IIWW1i- T6JIbiIocTb noJIo>K6HIIH nMIITPllfI nPII oco6e BeJIIIKoro KIjfl3>L ○ CTaB My)KeM AoLIePII IIBaHa lll PI Co(I)bII, JIHT9BcKIjII Bpr JIIIKHHKIIfl3b AJIeKcaHXP, oLIeBH瓜Ho, ycMJIwl 60pb6y 3a VMeHb皿6HlleaBToPMTeTa ̅nMIITPmfL B1492-l493 rr" KaK Mbl noMHIIM, Ha6JfIoXaJIocbcKopee MblnoMHIiM,Ha6JIIo瓜aJIocb cKopee o6paTHoe・HoTomaⅡo o6pa"oe. H9 TorJLa no cv皿ecTBV - e皿eBeJIaC6BoiiHaC2BaHOMIIImHe6blJIO6PaqU U R6f5coI63a y>Ke c caMoro HaqaJIa l494 E, Koma AJIeKgaH4p 3amyMaJI >KeHIITbcfl Ha EJIeHe lIPaHoBIIe, oTHo皿eHHe JIHTBbl K IMHTpIIIo lI3MeHIIJIocb, qTO 6bIJIo noKa3"9,、 ¥b皿eⅡ” CP aB IIeHHHJIHTOBcKIIx PyCCKHx II nPIIBeTCTBHh1494-1495 rr. 6656"5hPHMetlaTeJIbilbnPIIBefPTWie,nePpnaHHOemBaHylllJIHToEcKHMroHUoMBHIoJIel495r.:くBe.JIHKoMyKHH3IOH1eTeMnPaBIIJInoKJIOH;naOTlBeIIIIKIIGK"rlIH"TPJIeユ HEIM"JIofuyqeJIo6MTEe,a6paTbenoKJIoH"21qBmyK I/IBaHa lll 3neCb na)Ke He ynoMHHyT. CooTHoIIJeHIie cIIJI Me>Kly BacwIHeM H nMIITpHeM B KoHue l495 r. BblpIIcoBblBaeTcH H3 "BecT" p"a JIeTonHcHblx cBOIoB O noxMe liBaHa lll B HQBroPoA, OTK)Ina pyccKIIe BOeBO4bl COBeP山ルIJIII B HaqaJIe l496 r. noxoI B HHnHI-IZIHIO : <<OKTFI6"20,BBToPHH'K,noⅡユeKI-IFI3bBemIKbl曲mBaHBacliJIbeBIiqb c MocKBbi B BoTqzHy cBoIo B BeJIliKbliI HoBjppo,1I, U 3̅6̅ iImM BHyK ero KHH3b nMIITPeii, na cbIH K"3b IOpbll; a Ha MocKBe ocTaBIIJ1 y Be川1Kble KH}ITIIIIII Co(jbII cbllla 一 208 CI)・peIlbHBaHa lllJIIITQBcKoMynocJIyB Mae l495r.:f3M9MWjK!! oT Hac.r noKJIoMwIcH̲ A neTi BeJIHKoro KH,13", KHfi3L Bacw1eii !! KHH3b lOl)blI MmKH”bⅡMHTpeH,HBHyKBeʻmIKoroI旧泥兄npHKa3a,IH・・. KHH3blOl〕bH KHH3b nMHTpeii, ]I BHyK BeJI1IKoro F,HFI3 3a nOMIIHKH IIeJIo6IITbe>; 3aTeM c・menyloT nOKJIOHIJI OT BeJIIIKMx KIIH⑪ fiiHE̅C"iJH !l EJIeHb! il "IeJIo6mTbe bT BeJIMKo# KHf"I," "mocbm ("C6. PI'IO>, T. 35, cTp. 194). 209 くC6. PIIO>, T. 35, cTP. 207. 210 TaM JKe, cTp. 199. 67 5*
WW.MalBacHJibfIcMcHmelo6paTbcio'211、IIIITepccmo, [:WJWW"IyKyma3aH",3TOM-IMTEPamigmⅡ凡 BBo3Mo>KHOcTb nPiiHFITHH3TOII BePCIIH且O KoHUa FIcHa, H60 He U B,WQTP"x JIeJ;OnIIcHx"lLBR<poHOrPadJeCHaIIaJIayka3aH IOIQ"、anPToMHMmrpmji212T6MMEb,̅8y皿Ⅱo " TeKcTV 耳 IIocoJIbcKoiiKIIPIrmII6oJIb皿HHcTBaJIeTOHIIcHblxcBO40B, Y ."c ecTLBCe ocHOBaHIIH nPe且noJIo)KHTb, IITo ecJIII B 1 492- I W rrJMMTP"-BmyK cT6miBblmC̅XiMTMM3, ¥5 B 1495r.oHcToIIT,Bep6JITHo,y)KeHBL!皿elOpHH.Eroe瓜ⅡHU cTBglHbIM ConePHHKOM HBJIHJICfI B aTo BPeMHBacHJImi KapTMHarloJIy[IIIJIacbnpMMepHoTaKM:̅nm̅m.5mpa- l班jW B noxog c JIIo6IIMbIM BHyKoM, a Co(I)bIo ocTaBHji B M9Wg"c」"IMbn! @bIHoM CMilaM6ri5[IKMMI15 U 轡 瓜lWPmll-BHyK oKa3aJIcII 60JIee BnpHBIMermpoBaHHoM,noJIoWWL(nMBeJIMKoMKHfI3e),weMBacIIJImi̅imMiIMi R 2 KHHrIIHe) Ho . nocy皿ecTBy,pcTaBJImlCoq)bIo(I)aKTHIIGcKoM に 。 nPaBIITeJIbl-I皿eii B MocKBe, HBaH III Bo36blmaji ,I Bac"" 49̲29JIcOWBHTeJ1HMaTePm (HenaPOMBrPaMOTeHaflPOcJIaBcKHe 3eMJIル! oH (I]IiryPliPyeT KaK [le)IOBeK <cTabm- m"l̲" npm pacnpeneJiEIImif poJIc#E MMe i4Wf 人 U II3BecTHoe 3HaqeHHe HMeJIII, Mo>KeT 6blTb, H BHeliHenoJIHTII- LIecKIie coo6pazI(eHIIfI. OTnpaBJI"cb B ndxo瓜ⅡPOTHB ceBePI-Iorococena­mBeUHH,BeJIHKIMKHFI3b ocTaBJIHJI MocKBv 4 U " JIHU, nOJIb30BaBmHxcH cHMnarlleii 3ananHoro Cocema一二 B e J I H KO r O K I I H 3 H J I H T O B c KO r O . 〆 E」"-1497rrBeJIHK"lyK"3IoAJIeKcaHUpynoKJIoHb! WW̲UeRe4aBa¥" oT HBaHq Ul H Cobbm214, Pe]Ke-ToJIbKooTM¥Halll(BHaIIaJIel496r"KorhamBAH"6皿eHe "PWJIc""MocKBym3HoBroponcKorohoxbna)2I5rimJf6= HbIEJIeHeHBaHOBIIeB3TOBPeMH皿川I,KaKnPaBIIJIo,oTHIIx " BMaC l496 rEIIeHa noJIyLIHJIa, nAPMy̅6 mifeiMi: MH HOKIJIOHaMII, nOKJIOH OT CBOeii くCHOxI" - BeJIHKOji KHRU ⑪ rmHII EJIeHbI Bo"omaHKI1 2'6, Ho B HIoJle l497 rmfji6H6f̅H6- 211HCPJI,T、yj,gP"T.Y!11,cT2230;]:XII,cTp241;T、20,nep- 212《."a BaHnOJIOBIIHa, HHM c KHH3blOpbH,cblH CTP、363; ero,“BHyK T、24, cTP2'' 28, cTp. 213; ero KHHsb且MHTpe” T. fif;nHI'{ nM"rpeii" WA W",̲" MW,k"s、 ",̅'" (口CPJIPPJI,2.26Lc[p.̲290;bPT、28,cTp.160;T.30,cTp、138;T.22, 。 [1.1,CTp.512;C.O.mM1皿myKaaC",gTp270=271). no34Hem"ZHTepnperaTOP̅c65ZiT[戒一CTelleHHaH 213 K"ra-npHMO V"N¥eT: ,、fHa MocKBe >Ke ocTaBH cbIHa cBO"̅KA"̅Ba"" (nCPJI, T、21, "opaH IQJoEWa, cTp. 571) . :li fC6PHO", T. 35, bTP 220, 235,'" W IaM )Ke, cTp213: cp: crp 218 216 TaM >Ke, cTb. 223: 68
cTyⅡHJIHTOJIbKOOTPO瓜ⅡTeJIeh2'7.AJIeKcaHXpBI497r.orpaHHLIHBaJICH IIOKJIOHOM OIHOMy I'IBaHy lll 218. Bce 3To cBHneTeJIbcTByeT, no-BH且HMOMy, O TOM, IITO Co。be B 1496 - HaIIaJIe l497 rr. y"JIocb no61ITbcH onPeneJIeHHoro noJIIITII[IecKoro npeo6JIaUaI-IIIH. AKTbl noKa3blBaIoT I I H O B O e B O 3 B b l 皿 e H H e B a c l I J I I I H B I 4 9 6 - 1 4 9 7 r r. ( n o J I v I I e H l i e , ゾ 〆 IIM yneJIbHbIx II cyneOHblx nPaB B OTI-IOmeHIIII "na TePPIITO- pHil) . BepoflTHo, cKpblTaFI 60pb6a Me班旦yくnaPTPIFIMII>> Co巾bH - BaclIJIIIH II EJIeHbl-nMIITpIIH HocIIJIa B l4961497 rr. Kpaiille Hanpfl)KeHHblit xapaKTep, Ho MBaH III cHoco6cTBoBaJI (bopMaJIbHoM HeiiTPaJ1II3alUlli 9Tofl 60pb6bl, B EIaCTHOCTII OH IIePeCTaJI ynOMIIHaTI.B瓜I"Il.IJIoMaTIILIecKIIx 4()L Q KyMeHTaX IIMeHa CBOIIX CblHOBeH II BHyKa. nePeMeHa HacTynaeT B HoH6pe l497 r. CnenHaJIbHblii nocblJIbHblih HBaHa lll, oTnpaBJTeHHblii ToJIbKo K EJIeHe liBaIIOBHe, nOJIIKeH 6blJI HePe八aTb nPHIleTCTBIIH B CJIenyIO皿e曲 oqePe皿ocTI1: noKJIoIIbl oT HBaHa lll, Cod)blI, E:meHbl BoJJomaHKII; noKJIoHbl oT neTeik l'IBaHa lll, 6paTbeB EJIeHbl,BacIIJIIIH, IOpHHm且MIITPHH; noKJIOH OT BHyKa BeJIH'Koro KHH3H - KHH3兄且MIITplIR IIBaHoBIIwa; [IeJIoI61ITbH oT Io[Iepe曲HBalHa ll l, cecTep EJIeHbl,- |BeJIHKIIx KHH>KoⅡ①eX|o cb}I H ABppTbpI 219. B UeJIoM TyT 3aMeTeH Bo3BpaT K IlepeMoHHaJIy l495 r., I-Io cblHoBbR I1 BHyK HocTaBJIeHbl Ha 60JTee Bbl,coKyIo cTyneHb II|ePaPxHH, IIeM PaHbme (OT HIIx "yT He [IeJIO6HTbH, a noKJIoHbl) , BHyK )Ke ynoMIIHaeTcH, B oTJIIIqHe oT aBryCTOBCKOrO PaCnHCaHmHl495 r., Xo BeJIPIKHx KH"KoH. CJIeXoBaTeJIbHo, aHaJIH3 "InJIoMaTI1|IIecKoii npKVMeHTaUHII nO3BoJIHeT rOBOPHTb O HaJIIIIIHHKOcBeHHblx nPlI3HaKOB BO3- BbI皿ellHFI nMIITPlIFI-BHyKa BO BTOPOhnoJIoBIIHe l497 r. no J1eToHIIcHM Bo3BblmeHIie nMIITPlM-BHyKa flcHo Ha6JIIozIaeTcFI y>Ke B aBrycTe l497 r. OHPIcblBafl BcTpeqy B 3Ti) BI)eMFI B MocKBe pFI3al-IcKo曲BeJIIIKoi KHFImHII AHHbl, pfLI cBoIoB yKa3bIBaeT: <<KHFI3b >Ke BeJIIIKblii cTpeTHJI ee LiecTH() BeJI MH…CO BHyKOM H 3 meTMII II 3 60JIHPbl, TaKO>K,me H BeJIHKafl KHFIMHFI Co*IIH II c HeBecTKoIo c BeJIHKoIo KHHrHHelo EJIeHoIo II c 60JIHpbIHHMII> 220. nocKoJIbKy BHyK ynoMFIHyT U paHbme neTGH II BeJIIIKIIX KHflrIIHb, MO>KHO myMaTb, rlTO OH B aBrycTe l497 r. cToHJI 6JIIDKe BcEx K BeJIHKoMy KIIH310. 217 TaM IKe, cTP. 236. 21s TaM >Ke, CTp. 227, 232. 2'9 TaM >{<e, cTp. 239. 220 ncP几T、1V, q. 1, Bbln. 2, cTp. 535; T. VI, cTp. 42-43, 241; T. V111, cTp. 234; T. XII, cTp. 245; T、20, nel)BaFI noJIoBIIIIa, cTl). 366; T. 28! cTp. 329-330 . 69
3.no入ⅢT皿酊eCKIIe nPlIKIIIHHB矼月aH皿丞a入oBaHHHx II yKa3HBIx rPaMOT nOcMOTPHMcTOIIKPI3PeHHHBblFICHeHHblx。aKTOBHaO6cTaHoBKy, B KoTopoih 6blJIH BblnaHDI rpaMoTbI 1493 r. o npoBo3e xJIe6a KHp"JIo-BeJIo3epcKoTo II TpoIIUe-CeprlIeBa MoHacTblpeit. rpaMoTa KHpHJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTLIpIo noHBIIJTacb B MapTe l493 r., Kornta 6JIII3HJIacb K KoHUy 60JIbmaH Pa60Ta no 3aKPem1eHHIO BeJIOO3ePa B cOcTaBe BeJIIIKoKHH)KecKoro noMeHa. B 3To BpeMH BacIIJI" 6blJI oTTyna, noBm瓜HMoMy, y>Ke oTo3BaH H roToBwIcFI K Hoe3ntKe B TBepb. HaMepeHHe nocJIaTb BacIIJIIIH B TBepb - 3eMJIIo, cMe>KHylo c ymeJIOM KHFI3H BoJIOHKorO, -- nP lI3BeCTHOii CTeneHII BcKPbl- BaeT xapaKTep onaceHIIii l'IBaHa lll. npeTeH3HH BoplIca BoJoHKOrO MorJIII KacaTIJcH H PocToBa - I-IacJIemm兜旦MHTPOBcKOTOKHH3H.BOPHcnoJIb30BaJICHImeiiHo曲 ⅡOユユe p>KKO曲 HocH1)aBoJIoUKoro22!I1,Bo3Mo)KHo,KaKHocJIenHmiryn<eJ1bHblii KHH3b - pocToBcKoro apxIIemIcKona TIIxoHa. B cBoIo oIIepemb TPIxoH Haxo,nmJIc兄B KoHTaKTe c KIIpIMJIo-BeJIo3epCKHM MOHaCTb叩eM. B FIHBape l493 r. oH ocBo60LIIJI KHpHJIJIOBcKIIx cBHmeHHHKoB OT IHaTyPaJIbHblXHⅡeHe>KHblxⅡOcTa- BOK 6eJIo3ePcKOMy necHTIIHHIIKyH瓜aH皿HKy 222. 3ana'Ia HBa'Ha lll cocToHJIa B ToM, IITo6bl nPHBJIeIIb KHpHJIJIoB MoHacTblpb Ha cBoIo cTopoHy lI TeM yKpenHTb l皿eiiH0-HoJIHTIILIecKHe IIO31Iu班I BeJIIIKO'KI-IH)KeCKOii BJIaCTII B PocToBcKoi enapxHH. 3necb vMecTHo BblcKa3aTI] e皿eHcJIe- nylo皿ee coo6pa]KGHHe: JIHmeHHe BacHJIIIH B KoHUe l491 r. IIPaB KHH3fI TBePcKOrO nOcTaBHJIO noU COMHeHHe meihcTBH- TeJIbHOCTb erO nOHTBeP皿TeJIbHO面Ⅱo皿HcH l490/91 r. Ha rpaMoTe l486 r. 0 6ecnomJIHHHoM npoe3nle ToproBLIx 3KcHe皿Ⅱ砿KHPmJIJIO-BeJIo3epcKOro MoIiacTblPH. 9TO HaHOCHJIO cepbe3Hbli ylUep6 MaTepHaJIbHblM IIHTepecaM MoHacTbl" II HacTpaIIBaJIo ero He B IIoJIb3y BeJIHKoro KHFI3H. TaKIIM O6Pa30M, KaK Pa3PemeHI1e6eCnOmJIIIHHOrO nPOBO3a XJIe6a B rPaMoTe MapTa l493 r., TaK II oTnpaBKa BacHJIwI B TBepb B anpeme l493 r. BxoIHJIII B IIIIcJIo neiicTBHih, KoTopble 〆 JLOJI>KHbl Obl川I yCnOKOHTb KIIPHJIJIOBCKIIX CTaPUeB. HonpenpcTABJIGHIIGBacIiJTMIIoByneJIKamlIHaTpe60Ba- JIo OT BeJIHKorO KHH3FI H H3BecTHoii nePecTPaxOBKH: cocenH" PocTOB CJIenoBaJIo KPenKo neP>KaTb B CBoIIx PyKax, 22' fl.C・JI y P b e. nOCJI3H}Ie Bem,Mo>Ke l'IOamy C cMePTI.Y KWfI3fI.一 くSIavia>, XXVII/2, 1958, cTI). 222-223. 222 AC311, T. 11, M 291. 70
oco6elIHo npII HeycTonIIIIBocTH ye3IHblx rl)aHIIU B To BI)GMH (HeUapoM BHocJIencTBHH, npH IIepeXa'Ie KamIIHa B ynem IOpHIo HBaHoBHIIy, KanIHHcKIIii ye3m 6blJI cnenHaJIIJHcLoTMe>KeBaH oT PocToBa 223I HaKoHeU, Bo皿blii nyTb H3 FIpocJIaBJIFJ B KIIpHJTJIoB MoHacTbIpb npoxo皿JI MHMo yrJI皿Koro ye3na. TaKIIM o6pa30M, rJTaBI-IflFI JIeJIb BblUaIIH rPaMoTbl 3a○ KJIIOIIaJIacb B yKPenJIeHIM BeJIIIKoKH)DKecKIIx nO3HUlIII Ha He4aBHO nPHCOemIHeHHblX II CHOPHblX 3eMJIFIX. rpaMoTa HBaHa lll TpoHue-CeprlieBy MoHacTblpIo HoHBHJI3cb B nteKa6pe l493 r., IIepe3 MecHU nocJIe cMepTII AIImpefl yr.mHIIKoro. K 3ToMy BI)eMeHI'I y>KG co Bcei'I onpeUeJIeIIHocTblo BblFIBwIacb TaKTIIKa BoPmca BoJIoUKoI、o­叩e )K Je Bcero ero cTpeMJIGHHG HaiiTII oITopy B TI)oI皿KOM MOHaCTblPe. BeJIIIKHii KHH3b cIIeJI ueJTecoo6pa311bIM IIpllHFITb KoHTpMepbl BHanpaBJIeHIIMc6JIH)KeHH兄C3TI,IMKPynHeiimHMnyXOBHblM (beonaJIoM Heo6xo皿Mo o6PaTIITb BHIIMaHHe Ha oHIIO IOIioJIHIITeJIblloe o6cToHTeJIbcTBo. B KoHne l493 r. HBaH III, no-BI{"IMoMy, oTo3BaJI cBoero cbIHa H3 TBepH II JIIImHJI ero = IIPaB KHH3fl KamIIHCKorO, IITo Obmo nPaKTIIIIecKIL PaBHO- 3HallHo oTMeHe noHTBe皿HTeJIbHBIx nOnnHcei BacHJIHFI 1492/93 r. K rpaMoTaM HBaHa mBaHoBIwa, KacaBmIIMcH KamHHcKIIx BJIameHIIii TpoHUe-CeprHeBa MoHacTblpFI, Bbmaqa rPaMoTbl O HeB31JMaHHII nomnmH C TPOImKOrO BOTIIHHHorO xJIe6a noJI>KHa 6blJIa B KaKok-TO MePe o|rPaHI'ILIIITb HenoU BOJIbCTBO MOHaCTblPCKHX BJIaCTeII aKUHFIMH BeJIHKOrO KHH3H B l492/93 r. IIBaH III yZIeJIFIJI BI{IIMaHIIe TaK)Ke MocKoB- cKOMy qynPBy MOHaCTblPlo, XOTH KOHKPeTHble巾OPMbl ero ⑪ nOJI HTIIKmⅡO OTHOmeHHIo K 3TOH KOPmOPanIIII II3-3a OTCyr- cTBMFI coxpaHIIBmllxcFI HcToqHHKoB I,I3y[IIIT6 TpynHo. B oHI1cH Ka3Hbl llynoBa MoHacTblpfl l755 r. ynoMIIHaeTcR《pO3be3>KafI CeMeHa... ToBapKoBa c. JIymKoB 3 nep. npynH皿eM B. KII. HB BacHJIbeBHIIa, 7001 ToJly>p 224. MecToHoJIo)KeHI,le CeJIa JIy>KKOB He yCTaHOBJIeHO 225HHTePeCHo, IITO maHIIaFI (LIynPBy MOHaCTbIPIO?) Ha C. JIy>KKH OTHOCIiTCH TQJIbKO K 7015 (1506/07) r. 226 JIy>KKm, npmo6peTellHble B 7015 r" HaxQmIJMcb B cT"e Cypo>KIIKMocKoBcKoro ye3" 227. He BHoJI̲ 223 n11mr, Nb 93. 224 AC31I, T、111, JVb 48a, cTp. 73, rp. 367. 225 TaM )Ke, cTp. 604. 226 TaM >Ke, Nb 48a, cTp. 73, rp. 515. 227 B 6. K o 6 p li H. .nBe >kaJIoBaHHble rpaMoTbI IIyXoBy MoHacTHpIo (XVI B).­く3amlcKII oTneJTa pyKomIceii rocyllapc'IBeHl・Ioii 6H6JIII0TeKII IIM' B H JIelIIIHa", BbII1. 25. M., 1962, cTp. 295, 71
Ue HcHo, HA""X nP"ax BJIan<eJI IIynOB MOHaCTbIPb aTIIM WOMmo1M/07EyCaBBo-CTQpoxieBcKoroMoHabTbIpHB 70-xroJaxXVB.6bmo ceJIII皿eJIy皿KHB3BeHHrOPoncKoM ye3ne228(HapmCTpe229?)nPHMBIXmaHHblXm"bT5ME PJBJIeH" J[Iy>KKoB (JaBBo-CTopo)KeBcKoro MOHacTbI" c JIy>¥KaMHJIynoBaMOHacTbIPHfIeT,HOcJIegyeTOfMMTE KpamHIo!96JIII30cTbLcTaHa Cypo)KIiK 3BeiimroponcKOMy K ye"y Cypo]KKK 6bIJ] pacndro]KeH no cpenHeMy ー Tetle"b P・HCTPblHeenPWPKgpHr2aHHIIHJICO3BeHHrOPOncKIIMII U 3eMJIHMji c ceBep a 230.EcJIII JIy)KKII,ynoMHHyTbI6 8 bnHcII Ka3HbI IIynoBa MoHaCTbI", Ha)fomIIJmcL B 1492/93 rB3Be- "oponcKoM̲ye3nle(a3ToBnoJIHeBo3Mo>KHo,iI60rpaH皿bl Me)K9y nopy6ey<HblMII cTaHaMH oTJIHqaJIIIcb" Kpaiilfeii HeU 妙 U ycTOHIIHBocTbIO) B aKTe , Pa3be31a Mo)KHO B皿eTb nPOHBJIeHHeHoJImTHKH,HanPaBJIeHHoH HHe HoJIIITHKH, HanPaBJIeHHoi Ha Ha3aKPeⅡJIeHHe 3aKPenJIeHHe BBCOcTaBe COcTaBe BeJIIIKQ[o KHH>KeH" TePPHToPHi, BXOZIIB JIHKoro KHH>KeHHH Tep”TopHH,Bxo瓜HBmHx B yn<eJI AHn- peH ym皿Koro (3BeHIiropo瓜ⅡpHHa皿e>KaJI K IIx IIHcJIv) . rllaM912'、6bmaBbImaHa MejKIy.ceHTHqpeM 1492 IT̅̅M: f ゾ ノ cToM1493r.,T.e・瓜ocMePTHAHnpeHyrJIHnKoro231. nonblTKa BeJIHKorO KIIH3H 3aPyIJHTbcH nO瓜及ep>KKoi qy- JIOBaMOHac2blPH,TeCHOCBH3aHHorOcHoBrOPOn6KHMaPXiI- eⅡHcKoIIOM reHHamfeM, HBJ1FIBmlIMC卯Ⅱ0 1484 r・IIynPBCKII M apXIIMaHIlpmTOM232, OTLIaCTI! OnPem-IaCb, nO-BMIIMOMy; 228 AC31M, T. 111, Nb 59a. 229 TaM>Ke,cT2604.Hapy6e>Ke XV-XVIBB.HMeJIocbemeBeJIHKo- WIH"cK" JIy)KcKoeb l)adloJIo)Keihoro-Po6MFI65 paiioHe ceJIo B 6bm peKII roperoBcKMii roi]eToBKm (ACOm7Tf̅mJVb cTaH50) 6v" Nb50)・ropeToBcKlmcTaH6bml〕acⅡoJIo>KeHIoro-PocTo咄ee Cvpo旦 一 u 〉 K H K a 230 B.H.n e 6 0 F E c K II ii.nyxoBHblelinioroBopHblerpaM,oTbIMoc- I"cKMx KIJ23eji、 KaK 」IcTol)IIKo-reorpa。IIqecKMIji ̅HcTo[IHiiK, [11 Cn6" 1901, cTp.̲ 15, 19 11 96mafi !<apTa B. K6"e KHnrli; 10.roTbe. 3aMocKcIpIIWi Kpaii PB̲ ▽XVII BeKe M., 1906, cTp 578; E L C T a m e EU CKIIii̲MocKoBCKIfiiye3ユⅡoHHcUoBblMKHIIraMXVI B.KHeB, 1907, K a l ) Ta B K O H U e K H H r I I . 23! gWria,JIyiKKI13B9WPPOnc¥IIM cbJIOM,M1'!OTHOCI1Mrl)aMOTyKOCeHI! 1492 - Ha[laJIy l493 r" !16o nocJle ll mIBapH 1493 f 3BeiIIIfob67I figq "Mi! nUUllW" "JUPM<a"Q"IJ TaTal)CkPMy niaPeBIIqy A6- "IJI-JIeTImy (HCP几TJV. Cnq:L l848, crp. 162; ̅T. VI, cTi. 39, 240; T、24, cTp. 211 ; T. 28, cTp. 158, 323; B p"e JIETonHcefi ll B& xpo4 HOrPa*e cOO6皿aeTcH ToJIbKo o JTpIIe3nte A64bm-JIeT"a, Ho yMaJIMgaeTc3,、9 no>Kaj"aHIIILeMy 3BeMmropona: nCPJI, ̅T. V111; cTp. 225; T. XII, cTp. 235; T、20,JIePBa" noJIoBHHa, cTp. 358-359; T. 22, cTp. 509; T. 27, cTp. 293, 363;《ncKoBcKHeJIeTomIcl,【》, BLIn. 11. no" pe瓜.A. H. HaCQJIOBa. M., 1955, cTp、252-253; C. 0. m M H Z T. u △ yKaa co"., cTp. 266) . 232 !" 6bm B Wy"Be MOHaCrblPe al]xIIMaHmPlIToM MeンKnv 〃l484 ]1 1501 rr., B nllTepaType lle ycTaWoBJIdHo. n. M.CT.poGB, a 3a llHM II 72
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FWIWMIU96e3noU"HHo)>2"̲y9mTbIBa206uUiiKypcTaU Mo)KeHHoHHoJIHTHKH90-xronpBXVB.,H3BeCTHOIIHOCOXDaHHBHIIIMcH rPaMOTaM, Mb[ BnPaBe ycOMHHTbCfI B ToIIHO6Tm U 』 ZepenaVl conep>KaH" rpaMoTbI nepenIIcHoih KHIIroh. OIHaU I9""aKTBbInaqmrPaMoTbI(nPOb3)KemOTHfi3MMM【 9 ケ RPII̲JIyqTbIHII yKa3aHLIIO-B"IIMOMy, nPaBIIJIbHO.nO iaHHbIM MWWiHbKoro, KopH"mcB MUIE"MEiJfMSM̅; L"r249M"4yTeMBiKmTHHKopH皿HFIcKa3aHo:<<BJIeTo Zq09r90495"-Q K) npm"6 6"<EMM<6MM MK""" "ec, 6e 66 T6r"Henpoxomn! M8M XPaMHHyPa360池H哩eCKyHBCeJIHCHBHIO,HHaLIFITOTPe6JIRTH MeCTO TO> 241.EcmイoCUOBaH"KoPHIIJIIleBa MoHacTbiPfI nPOH30mJIoMe)Kny̲SgXrH6peMl496maBrycToMl497r""Toibl- 瓜aIJyrpaMoTbl7005r,BepoHTHee oTHecTH Kl497r.,IIeM K KoHUyl496 r. II9qeliyBHaqaJIel497rmMMyHMTeTHaHnoJIHTHKaHBa" Ul o6paWach B cTopoHy Po6ToBa, yr""̅IMMM- Ho,BoJIor且blP nPe>Kne BCero Heo6xo八IIMO OTMeTI1.rb yCTOIMLIIIBblii nJ1fI U T J U WWWKeg<oH noJIMTHKm l496-1497 m IIHTepec K paii『 J OHy 6blB皿ero yWJImUKOrO KHHxiecTBa: cTPeMineHme&o"ef" ¥"̲"、caMbIH BJIIIHTe/IbHblii MecTHblii MoHacTbIP6 (nO⑪ KPOBCK") Ha II KPynHeHmIIXJ{yxOBHblx (1)eonaJIOB UelITPa, gWaHHbl)Lc aTHM KpaeM JIII60 TpaH3mToM (MHTponoJII14mii noM) , JIH60 3eMJIeBJIanleHHeM (Tpo皿e-CeprlIeB MoHaL 、 gblpb242)yqMTbIBaH,qTOBcqJePy、BimmuiiHKIMIEa6皿皿 HBaHoBIIqaB1496-1497rr.bxb皿nHKallmHcK"nepe,I U U cJIaBJIb-3aJJeg""ye3Xbl,oKpy>KaBmルIeyrJII皿KIIHye34C q4,rmqToIWr=3ToBpeMHHapacTaHIiflKoHdJMMKTAM6>K: mylIBaHoMIIIHBacHJIII6M,Mo)KiIonpeユnOJIO)KHTbHaJIIIIIHe U 。 np eTeH3HHⅡOcJIeAHero Ha BblMOPOIIHoe yrJIImKOe HacJIemU CTBO-nPeTeH3WI, OIIeBHJHO, nOユユeP>Kal-IHblx B BblCIHHx UePKoBHbIX KPyraX. gpHTH3aH" Bac-I Kacamicb, no-BMHMoMy, He ToJII,- KO yrJIHIIa, HO H cOcemHerO P()cTdBa, r" MdJI6Xoi̅ IMSb HeKoTOPOeBPeMFIBenaJI3eMeJII,HblMH瓜eJIaMM.KToMy>Ke, U 239 r,HB, Q. 1V, Nb 395, n. 85. 349 3BepmHcKIit, T. 11, cTp. 187, JYb 884. ⑭ 241rEJI,Tpo皿K.CO6p. (中.304),JVb676,J1.513;H.y.ByXoBHmU. MOHacrbiPmHaPyC"̅OPph"cmIMIiKpe6TE;IIi̅EXIV­二XVIBeKax (noく]KHTHHMCBHTLIX>).M・,1966,cTp.281-282. 242 IIIoJIe B l497 r・nO rPaMOTe HBaHa oCy皿eCTBJIf!,IICJI lll !3a3'be3n TpO・ MllWmffM | ReJIIIKoKHH>KecKIIx 3eMellb B Be>KellKoM Belixe (AC9H, .1,. 1, M 613). 〃 76
cMe>KIIblM c PocToBoM KamIIIIcK" ye31 Bxo皿JT B cQ)epy B"HfIHIIfl BacIIJIwI・BecbMa rloKa3aTeJIbHo To, Ha KoM H3 pocToBcKIIx *eonaJIoB ocraHoBIIJI cEpii Bbl60p ligaH III npm Eblna[Ie mMMyHIITeTHoii rPaMOTbL 3TO 6bIJ]H nHJIbeMoBbl- Ca6ypoBbl, BETBb Tex caMblx Ca6ypoBblx, KoTopblM HBaHIII U HOBePflJI HacTOJIbKo, IITo 3a nOJIToPa MecHna no cBoeH CMepTH )KellHJI Ha nPencTaBHTeJIbHIIUe IiX Pona cBOerO y>Ke Ha- 3Ha[lelll-Ioro BeJIIIKHM KIIfl3eM cblHa BacHⅡHf1. O Bo3Mo)KHblx nPeTeH3Hflx BacHJIHH Ha BblMopoIIHble ymeJIbHble TePPlIToPHMI ToBoPIIT nePena[Ia I/IBal-IOM III B yne1I MyXaMMen-3MHIIy (CBePrHyTOMy Ka3aHCKOMy xaHy, KOTOPblji nOJIyIIIIJI nPHIOT B POCC皿) CepnyxoBa !1 XoTyHP[ (B Mae l497 r) 24a B八oroBopax I'IBaIIa lll l486 r. c BopIIcoM BoJIoUKHM II A皿PeeM yrJIIiUKIIM.<瓜MIITPoB, PocToB, MenLIHb, CepnoxoB, XoTyHb)> (I)lirypHpyloT B KaIIecTBe paiioHoB, HBJIHBmHxcfl HacJIencTBoM IOpmfl II npeAcTaBJIflBmHX,BH且HMO, o6beKT ymeJIbHblx npHTH3aHHi. BHHMaHHe K yrJIHIIy II PoCTOBy, BXO瓜HBmlIM B o"Iy enaPxHIo, xaPaKTePH3yeT cTPeM- JIeHHe l'IBaHa lⅡⅡOMe皿aTb coIo3y Me)Kny BacHJIIIeM H apXI1enHCKOHOM POCTOBCKIIM. C l497/98 r. liBaH III cTan 60Hb皿e cqHTaTbcH II C 。aK- TOM Cy皿eCTBOB aHmチI BoJIoUKoro H Py3cKoro yXeJIbHblx 242 nCP几T、VI, cTI). 41, 240; T. XII, cTp、244; T. 20, 1]epBaH noJIoBHHa, cTp. 364; T. 28, cTp 328. B BocKpeceHCKoii, TIInorpa*cKoji "̲2QJIoroXcKo-nepMcKoiI JIeTomlcHx 3To co6blTIIe yKa3aHo uo4 7004 r. (nCP几T1 V111, cTp. 232; T. 24, cTp' 213; 7. 26, cTp 290). B aTIIx JieTonilcHx, TaK 'Ke KaK B ncKoBcKoii 3-ii II B xpoHorpa。e ("ncKoBcKIIeJIeTomlcm》, Bbln. II, cTp. 253i nCPJI, T. 22, I1. 1, cTp. 512; C.0.皿M1皿T. yKa3. coq., cTp. 271), caMo cBep)KeHHe MyxaMMenSMIIHa c Ka3alIcKoro lII)ecToJIa )I noca>KelMe A6nbIJI-JIeTHd)a oTHeceHo K 7004 r. OⅡ皿60KIHOCTb aTOh且a'rbl BblHCHFIeTCH I13 Pa3PHIHOii KHIfrll》 me cKa3aHo:《7005-ro CellTH6Pfl..、corHaJI c Ka38HII MarMemeMHHH Ual)H MaMyK, napb Hara曲cKoil...>,nOcJIG IIerO MyXaMMe,瓜-SMI畑Ⅱ”・ exaJI K IIBaHy lll, KOTOPblh《H3 cBShcKOro mOxo4y BOeBOX y6aBIIJI. a nPlirOBOPimma B e c H y nocJIaTH ]!a Ka3aHb BoeBo" (<Pa3p皿HaH KHIIT、a '1475-1598 rr.>, cTp. 27. Pa3P皿Ka MoH). BecHa 7005 r.- aTo If ecTb anpcJII> - Maii l497 E, yKa3aHHbIe B Cod)"cKIIx, HHKoHoB- cKoii il ,npyrHx JTeTon'IIcHx. 1497 r. Ha3blBalII! B cEcIIx pa60Tax B. B BeJI"MIIHoB-3epHoB ("MccJIe,moBaHIie o KacHMoBcKHx UapHx II Ual)eBINax>, 'I. 1.CH6., 1863, cTP. 190) H H. li・CMHpHOB ("UpcToII- Ha汀nOJIMITHKa HBaHa lll>.­《HcTopIItIecKMe 3anIIcKH>, ・ T. 27, cTp. 20) , B To BI)eMH KaK K. B. Ba31{JIeBIIII, ocHoBblEaB皿嘘cRHaTeKcTe BdCKpeceHcKoii ,JIeToHIIcII, HenpaBH.mhHo mIcaJI, IITo A6Jpl妬JI eT" 6blJI ilocJIaH B Ka3aHb IIa UaPcTBo (BMecTo cBeprH)'Toro MyxaMMenlSMMHa)くB anpeJIe l496 r." (K. B. B a 3 H JI e B II IL BHemHHfl noJIHTHKa pyccKoro UeHTpaJIM30BaHIIoro rocy"pcTBa. B'ropaRnoJIoBHHa XV BeKa. M., 1952, CTp. 399) . 77
KHfI>KeCTB, me llaIIa'mnl)fIBRTb cI)lHoBbH BoI)McH BacHJIbe- BH[la e八Ol) H MBaH (JP llX COBeP皿eHHoJIeTliH KHFDKecTBoM, e皿e IIe pa3,meJIHB山HMcH, ynPaBJ1HJIa BJpBa BOPIICa KHHrl,IHFI yJIbFIHa) 244B HIoJIe l497 r. MBaH III BblMGHIIJI̅V cBoIIx nJIeWIHHIIKOB nPHHa"e)KaBmme JIM BOTIIIIHbl B Pa3HblX ye3"x MQ"9Bq<oi3eMJIII(3aMeHyoHIInoJTyqmJIIIB̅TBepcKOii3eMJIe)245.BeJIHKIIMKHFI3b,BepoHTHo,6TpeMHJIcHdrpaHHIIMTI' EJIMHHe BoJIOUKHx KHH3eii B nPenteJIax BeJIHKOro KII"Kel・IHF1. Bo3MozKHo TaK>Ke, IITo c HoMOUblo 3Toro no>KaJIoBaHHfl oH xoTeJI HehTpaJIH30BaTb npeTeH3HII BacHJIHFI Ha 3eMJIH 6blBmero TBePcKorO KHmKeCTBa. U OTHocIITeJIIJHoBoJIorontcKoroHanpaBJIGHIIHIIMMyHI'ITeT- HOIi nOJIHTHKH, He IIMeFI nPCTOBePllblX nlaHHblx, CKa3aTb IITO- JIII60 TPyAHO・Hy>KHo yIIHTblBaTb llpHHanJIe>KIIocTb BoJIornbl K BblMoPo[IHoMy y4eJIbHoMy HacJ1eAcTBy. CJIe4yeT IIMeTb B BIUy TaK>Ke H onPenleJIeHHylO aKTIIBHOCTb B 3To BPeMH Meル Koro yneJIbHoro KHH3H naHIIJIa AJIeKca皿POBIIIIa, BblnaBmero B aBrycTe l497 r.>KaJIoBaHHylo rpaMoTy BoJIoToIcKoMy Cnaco-KaMeHHoMyMoHacTblpIo246.HeJIHmeHoBePOflTHH,IITO erO BblcTynJIeHIie 6blJIo KaKIIM-TO O6Pa30M cBH3aHO c nOnblT- KaMHBacIIJIIIHHaiMTHoHopyBcp"eBoJIoroJ<cKIIx。eo"JIoB Ho IIblI HHTepecbl Bblpa>KaJI naHHJI AJIeKca皿POBII (1­mBaHa lll HJIII BacHJIHH, PemaTb He 6ePeMcH. CoUHaJIbHaHno40nJIeKaHMMyHHTeTHo向ⅡoJIHTHKH1497r. pacKpbIBaeTcH, K co)KaJIeHIIIo, naJIeKo He noJIHocTblo. XapaK- TeP HO)KaJIOBaHIIH HOKPoBcKOMy yrJIImKOMy MOHaCTblPIo HaBOIHT Ha MblcJIb o KaKIIx-TO nePeMeHax B CHCTeMe TaMO- >Kelllloro ynPaBJIeHIm yrqJIHIIeM B 1497 r. OIIeBHJHo, 3TmⅡepeMeHbl H 3acTaBJIHJIII MoHacTblpb np6HBaTbcfl rapaHTIIII B oTHomeHIIII cTapblx Ioxo,npB. Bo3Mo>KHo, IIopFmoK c60pa TaMo)KeHHblx HOmJIHH B ymH'Ie nePeKPaHBaJICH B,n<yxe nPlIHⅡⅡⅡOB, oTPa)KeHIHIJIX B 6eJIO3ePCKOM TaMO>KeHIIOih rPaMO're Mafl l497 r. 247 244 (I)aKTbl BI)ILaIIH II IIoXITBel))KJIGIIⅡI elO IIMMyHI1'「C・1.11bIX I I)aMOT OTHO・ cHTcH K l494-1495 rr. (AC311, T I, JVb 575; A(b311X, II. 11, Nb l8, 21) . 245 且ⅢⅡr, M 85. 246 AC3I'I, T. I11, Nh 247 TaM >KG,Nb 23. 272; Cp.M 271.
I、刀α8α 〃 “ルIHACTLI'IECKIIH KPII3LIC" 1 4 9 7 - 1 5 0 0 r r. * 1. 3aroBop l497 1、. M KopoHa皿虹烈MIITPmH-BHyKa B3HTbIe B Ue9JIoM, rpaMoTbl l497 r. npo川IBaloT cBeT Ha npeⅡnocblJIKII 3aroBopa l497 r., B KoTopoM npHHHJIII yIIacTHe B. ryCeB,のrCTpoMHJIoB H npyrIIe cTopoIIHIIKII KHH3H BaCHJIIIH IIBaHOBHrla. H. M. KapaM31IH, C. M・CoqJIoBbeB, B. O・KJIIoIIeBcKH曲, I/i. m. CMIIpHoB H B HaIIaJIe 50-x ToIoB XX B. A. A. 3HMHH cIIHTaJIH, 'ITo 3aroBop l497 r. RBJIHJIcH nporpeccIIBHblM JBH>KeHHeM XeTeii 60JIPcKIIxH且bHKoB, HanPaBJIeHHblM nPOTIIB cl,IJI 6oflpcKoik peaKUMIII, rpymmPOBaBmHXCfl BOKPyr jlMHTplIH-BHyKa '. B JIeTonHcHx yIIacTHIIKIL3alOBopa nleiMcTBIITeJIbilo Ha3BaHbI neTbMH 60HpcKIIMII, a B ryceB npJIroe BpeMH PaccMaTPlIBaJIcHB皿ITepaTypeBKaIIGcTBecocTaBHTeJIHCyne6HIIKa l497 r., me BonJIoTIIJIIIcb neHTpaJIII3aTopcKHe TeH- neHUmH BeJIIIKoKHfl)KeCKohⅡOJI HTH KH.OJHaKo o6a apryMeHTa 6blJIH nOXBePrHyTbl CePbe3110ii KPIITHKe B TPynax H.C. JIypbe, J1. B. qepenlIMHaHⅡPyrlIx IICcJIenOBaTeJIeh. H. C. JIypbe nepBbl曲ⅡoKa3a@II, tlTo MHellHe o ryceBe KaK cocTaBIITeJIe Cynte6HIIKa ocHoBaHo Ha HenpaBHJIbHoM HoHIi- MaHIIII oIHoro HeFIcHoro MGcTa B TImOrpa巾CKOit J'GTOll',ICl,I 2. IⅡ,し1.C M M I) H o B. KJIaccoBaFI 60Pl)6fI B MocKoBcK|oM I,OCyJIap|CTBe B I,IeI),BohnoJIoBIme XVI B.­くIIpo6.71eMbI IIcTo1)m1,1o'Kal咽TaJIHc'rllL,ecK,ix o5皿ccTB>, 1935, JWb 9-10, cTp. 81; oⅡ》K e. PeUeH3IIH Ha KHwʻI、yK.B. Ba3PI@neBWqa《BHemlMH IIoJIHT14Ka pycc,Koro UeHTpaJII130|BaHHorO rOlCynlaPCT旧鋤,一《BoInpocbl l{cTopl州》, 1952, Nb ll, cTp、142­ 143; A. A. 3 II M II H. PeUeH3HH Ha KHIfry JI. B. 'IePerIH]旧a 4<PyccKI,Ie (ieo"JIbHble apxIIBbl XIV-XV BeKoBJ>, q. 2.­《CoBeT℃KaH Kl畑r”, 1952, Nb 4, cTp. 66-67. 2H.C・JI y P f; e H3 mcTOPmm nOJIII1IIqecKOii 601)I'6b: nPm HBaHe lll= くy(IeHble ̅33mlcKH [J1ry],, Nb 80 CePIIFI nc'ro1)MIIGcIMx HayK, Bbln. 10. J1., 1941, cTp. 90-91. 79
ToIIKy3peHIIFIJIypbeno旦及ep>KaJI几B.I-lepenHIIH3.I,yceB, cOrJIaCHO HcCJIenlOBaHHHM JIyPbe H I-IePenHIIHa, HHKaKOl.0 oTHomeHHH K cocTaB"eHIIIo Cyne6HHKa He HMeJI. C. B. BeceJIoBcKIIii ( 1 939 r.) HoKa3aJI, IITo ryceBbl npoHCxo,IHJIH H3 3HaTHOrO POna 60叩瓜o6pblHcKIIx, oTeU B. ryceBa EJIII3ap cJIy班HJI yneJIbHblM KHH3bHM, a HeKOToPble nPyme BImHble yIIaCTHHKII 3arOBoPa HBJIHJIHCb noTOMKaMH H3MeJIbIIaBmmx yneJIbHblx KHH3eii 4. PaccMaTpHBaH 3aroBop l497 r. KaK oJKHo H3 cJIenlcTB" H3MeHeHIIH B3alIMOoTHomeHHii Me)KJy BeJIHKOKIIfDKecKOii BJIacTblo H 60HpcTBoM, C. 6. BeceJIoBcKIIii c[IHTaJI, IITo ry- ceqcToBapIImaMI]<rloHeocTopo)KHQcTIIIIJIHH3no6y)K八e- HHH KaPbePbl BMe皿aJIIICEL B ceMeiHoe neJIo BeJIHKoro KHH3H> 5. TaKHM o6pa30M, aBTop Ho cymecTBy oTKa3aJIcJI oT BblJICHeHHH CoUHaJIbHblx nPHIIHH H IOJIIITHIIecKIIx UeJIeh3a- roBopa l497 r., xoTH H BImeJI B HeM npoflBJIeHHe HenPBoJIbCTBa <CJIy)KHJIOrO KJIacca)' (60HPCTBa) POCTOM caMOnleP》KaBHH. H. C. JIypbe, nonp6Ho C. B・BeceJIoBcKoMy, 06paTHJI BHIIMaHHe Ha pon<oBHTocTb ryceBa ( 1 941 r.) 6. no MHeHHIo aBTOPa, B nePBOhⅡoJIoBIIe 80-x ronPB XV B. ryceBく6blJI nPeXCTaBHTemeM 。eO"JIbHOrO 6JIOKa, nblTaBmerOCH nPIIBJIeIIb TBepb Ha cBoIo cTopoHy>> 7;《…巾a KTHIIecKI'Ie naHHble o BJIa瓜HMHPe ryCeBe COBePmeHHo onPOBePralOT B3rJIHI Ha HerO KaK CToPoHHHKa caMonlepJKaBIIH> 8.B cTaTbe, Bblme八一 mek B l948 r., H. C・JIyPbe yKa3aJI Ha nOJIHTHIIeCKHe CBH31I Co。bH cくKHH>KHqeM-3MIIrpaHToM> Bac. MHx. BepeiicKHM H Ha oTcyTcTBIIe XocToBepHblx H3BecTIIiM o cBH3H EJIeHbl c 6oHpaMH 9. B pa6oTax l941 II 1948 rr. H. C・JIyPbe pa3BIIJI aHTIITe3y TPanllIUIIOHHo曲 KOHneⅡnHH 3aroBopa l497 r. B JIIITepaType, nHcaJI oH, Mo)KHo IIacTo BcTpeTHTb yKa3aHHe, IITo Co。bH H BacHJIHii 6blJIH oKpy>KeHbI ,mBopHHaMH, a 3几B. II e p e n ll lI II. PyccKIIe *eo"JIbHble apxHBbl XIV-XV BeKoB, 411. 2. M., 1951, cTp. 294. 戸C. B. BeceJIoBcKH曲. BJIa"IMHp ryceB - 'cocTaBHTeJIb Cynle6HIIKa ︒l497 rona.­KHcTQPIitlecKHe 3amlcK", T. 5, cTp 31-47; cl). 6H. H. C M H p H o B. yKa3. pen., cTp. 143, IIpHM. 2. 7C. B. BeceJIoBcKIIit.yKa3. coIl.,cTp.47. 8月.C・JI y p b e. yKa3. co'l., cTp. 91. ︒raM )Ke, cTp. 92; cp. J1. B. II e p e n H ![ H. yKa3. coI1,,W.2, cTp. 301. ︶H. C. JI y p b e. yKa3. coII., CTp、91. f1. C. JI y p b e. nepBble H八eOJIOrlI MOcKOBcKOro C8MoneP)Ka|BIIH.《yqeHble 3aml,ICKII JIrnII HM.A、Ⅲ. repUeHa>, T. 78 Ka*e,mpa HcTo"H CCCP. JI., 1948, cTp. 96-97. 80
EJIGHa ll nMIITpIIii - 60HpaMII:《①aKTbI HoKa3blBaloT o6pal・Hoe> '0. K. B. Ba3IIJIeBHLI co皿acIIJIcH c H. C. JIypbe B ToM, IITo <<3arOBOPmIIKMI... nPlIHa皿e]KaJIII K 。eOnaJIbHO-OnnO3皿HOHHblM KPyraM> ''. Ha 6a3e CpaBHⅡ'1,eJIbHOrO . II3yKIeHHH JIeTOmlcHblx, aKTo- Bblx IIcToIIHHKOB H Cyne6HHKa l497 r・几B. IIepenHHH Bbl⑪ 且BIIHVJI - II 6JIecTH皿e o60cHoBaJI rIIHoTe3y o npoyrJIHUKoH HanPABJIeHHocTH3aroBopa l497Kap八MHaJIbHble r. BblBO八bl aBT6pac。opMyJIMpoBaHb[cJIelyPIIlliMo6pa30M:3aE@Bop rvceBa-<nonblTKa Bo3Po皿Tb巾eOnaIIbHylo Pa3nPo6qJIeHH6cTb:' !2; <<ryCeB ー !1 erO TOBaP1皿II 6blJIII Bblpa3H。TeJIHMII U onⅡO3HuHOHIIblx 60flPcKIIx IIaCTPOeHHH, KOTOPbIe 皿JIHH3 6blBmHxVneJIoBMocKoBcKoroKIIH>KecTBa、3THHaCTPOeHIIH IIcHoJIb30baJIII B cBoHx UeJIHx Co。bJI naJIeoJIor m ee cblH Bacli!ノI油ⅢBa|HoBIIzl>P '3; <Ka3Hb BJIa瓜HMHPa ryCeBa H PPy- rHx 3arOBOP皿HKoB B nleKa6pe l497 r. 6blJIa HenocpeXcTBeH- HbIMnPOn6JDKeHHeMy"Pa,HallegeHHOrPmBaHOMIIInO VrJIIIUlfOiicaMocToHTejibHocTHBl491r"14 U B nocJIelHee BpeMH H A. A. 3IIMHH, roBopH o cHJIax, CToHBmIIX 3a CⅡHIIoik <<KHH)KIIIIa BacHJIHH>, noXIIepKHyJI り くIIpoymH1KIIe cHMnaTIIII> BJIa八HMHparyCeBal5・KpoMe u ToTo,bl{ oTMeTIIJI, IITo Co巾blo noJJteP>KIIBaJI HOBrOPO八CKmH aPXHenlICKOnreHIJa1砿16.CTopoHHPIKMTBepcKIIxBoJIbllo- cTeii, no MHeHHIo A A. 3HMIIHa, HanpoTIIB> Bo3JIara。illI cBoII Han<e>KXblHa mMIITpHH-BHyKa '7. TaKHM o6pa30M, cTep>KeHb 1HHacTIIqecKoro Boilpoca A. A. 31IMIIH ycMaTpHBaeT B 601)b6e ⑪ U CIIJI 4eUeHTPaJIM3aUMH 3a BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe nPe>KHel'I He3aBH- 10 H. C. JI y p b e.H3 11cTopHH HoJIIITIIIIecKo曲60pb6bl..., cTp、91. l l K. B. 6 3 3 1I JI e B M [I. BHelllII" noJIIITIIKa Pyc|cKoro neHTPaJIM30BaH- lioro rocyZIal)cTBa. BTol)am noJIoBIIIIa XV BeKa. M" 1952, crl). 364. 12 @Il. B I-I G I) ell H Ii l{. yKa3. coLI., IL 2, cTp. 318. 1,』TaM )Ke, cTp. 303. l4 TaM >Ke, cTp、294. 15 A A. 3 11̅M II II. OcHoBIIblG III)o6J1GMb! pe*opMalAIIoHHo-ryMaHIIcTII【IecKoro 4B|II2Kel・11M B PoccIIH B XIV-XVI BB.­くl'ic1oPIIH, qJoJIbKJIop. McKVccTBo cJIaB>IH|cKIIx HaponpB>,. 10K.Ⅲa4bI COBGTCKOH八GJIera皿】1. Vルle>KnlyHaPO八Hblil c'be3m cJIaBHcToB (Co"fl, ceHTH6pb l963) . M, 1963, cTp. 106; oH >Ke・O HoJIHTH【lecKIIx npe瓜ⅡocbmKax Bo3HI1KHoBeⅢllH ▲ pI)VccKoro a6coJIIoTIM3Ma.­《A6coJIIoTIi3M B PcccIIII (XVIIXVIII BB.)》M., 1964, cTp. 36. lJ A. A. 3 IIM Ii H. OcHoBHble npo6.JIeMbl..., cTp. 106­1071oH >Ke.Ono.Ⅲ、。}iLIec剛Ixnl〕e且ⅡocI>lJIKax..., cTI). 37. l' A A 3 M M IiH. OcHo:BIIIJIe llpo6JIeMbI…, cTp. 105 0H )Ke.Ono皿TmLIecKMx npeユnocbIJIKax.,., cTp. 34. 6 C.M.Ka皿TaHoB 81
叩 glIMocTH Pa3Jm[IHIJIx HeJIaBHo nPHcoeⅡPIHeHHblX o6JIaCTe#. B3rJIFIn A. A. 3mIHHa Ha co6blTHFI I497 r. 6&IIH3oK K n PeXCTaBJIeHHIo几B. qepenHIIHa o 3aroBope ryceBa KaK pe皿皿Be d)eonaJIbHoli BoAHbl cepe"Hbl XVB OTJIIIIIlle lix KoHUe皿mHcocToHT H cocToHT BBToM,IITo ToM, IITo A A A、3HMHH A. 31IMHH H且MHTp”Ii nMHTp"BHyKa CIIHTaeT He CTOJIbKO HOC,JIen<OBaTeJIbHblM CTOPOHHIIKOM QaMOnePWBHH, cKOJIbKo nP"CTaBIITeJIeM onPeneJIeHHoii 。 (TBePcKOii) JIHHHII MecTHord cenaPaTH3Ma. BecbMa OcTopo>KeII B cBoIIx BbiBo"x LK. eHHeJI, KomPhJM B UeJIOM 6ml>Ke K ToLIKe 3Pe剛呪 兜. C. JIypbe H 几 B. qepenHIIHa, qem m m CMIiPHoBa. OHnMmeT:くHo Ja>Ke eCJIH STH HCcJIelOBaHIIFI reHeaJIorlIH 3arOBOP皿HKoB He nOKa3blBalOT OKoHLIaTeJIblIO, LITO ryCeB H ero IIaPTIIH fIBJIHJIPICb aKTIIBHblMH IIO60PIIHKaMII CenapaTII3Ma lr IIPoTIIBひ HIIKaMH BeJIIIKOKHH>KeCKom noJIIITIIKIi UeHTPaJIE3a山皿7 01-IM, 即 唖 no KPaHHeH MePe, nOKa3blBaIoT, [ITO sTPI JIIOJJI IIMKoIIM O6- Pa30M He 6bIJIII TI1'ⅡHIIHbn'IH nPenCTaBMTeJIFIMH TOrO, IITO I/1.m.CMIIpHoBHa3blBaeT,,HeTIITyJIoBaHHbIMcPeJJ皿McnoeM KHaCCa q)eO"JIOB<<, KOTOPblii no皿eP>KIIBaJI UeHTPaJ1)I30BaH《《 U HOe rOCynaPCTBo, m e TImHIIHbIMII J<eTbMH 60HPoK}IMI1, Pe3- Ko 'BPa班瓜e6HblMII ,,y,IeJ1bHoKHFI>KecKMM KI)VraM4l>p l8. Oco6eHHo cJIa60H3yqeHblKoHKpeTHbier npIIIIIIHbl!IHeIIocpeAcTBeHHble nBH>KymMe npy>KIIHbl co6blT" 1497n no MHeHHIoC.B.BeceJIoBcKoro,baMIIBaHIII《HeMorPa306paTbcHBcIJIoIKHoMKJIy6KeHHTplIr,Bo3HIIKmmXBOKPyr BOnPOCa O nPecToJIoIIacJIe1剛i>> '9. H、C. JIypbe cLIIITaeT, IITo B epeTIIIiax, 6JIII3KHx K EJIeHe, IIBaH III IiameJI 60JIee Bep一 "Ix HoOoPHIIKoB caMo4eP>KaBIIH, [IeM BくⅡaPTIHI)> Co。blI naJIeoJIor, noaToMy oH m Ha3Haq" nMIITpIIH:BHyKa cB6I1M HaCJIenHHKOM 20.O4HaKo aBTop He o6LHcHFIeT, nciIIeMy《旦Ⅲu HacTHIIecKHH KpH3Hc> pa3pa3HJIcH HMeHHo B 1497 r. HHTepecHbIe coo6pa>KeHIIH oTHocIfTeJIbHo pa3BHTHH <<KpH3Hca>> B 1497 r. BbIcKa3aJI JI. B. qepenHHH. C̅ ero ToII" 3peH", B ceHTH6pe l497 r. (naTa, yKa3aHIIaH B TeKcTe Cyne6HIIKa) 6blJIa paccMoTpeHa JIHmb nePBaH qacTb nonrQTaBJIIIBaeMoro KoXeKca, Becb )Ke Cynie6HHK B neJIoM 6blJI o6Hapo且oBaH B巾eBpaJIel498r.,o八HoBpeMeHHo cKopoHa皿e曲且MmTpmH-BHyKa、Haqana UeHTpaJIll3allIWI,I1poBo皿B皿HecHBCyne6HHKe,HBbl3BaJIH,corJIacHoLlepen}iHHy,Bbl7K 1L 0F 1却 ○句 エソ J C R Ee,9 n ell lvan theQreat oI MoscowLondon, 1961, p 346-347 Q UeCejIOlicKHil yKaa Coq" CTP 4Z C. JI y p b e. neDBble ll八eoJIor;1..., cTp. 97-98, 106. 82
cTVnJIeHIie《nPenCTaBIITeJIeii 60HPCTBa>>, Bo rJIaBe KOTOPblx cT6HJI B. rycbB 21 TaKIIM o6Pa30M, 3Xecb 3aroBop pacUeHIIBaeTcR KaK 。opMa 60pb6bl npoTIIB KoHKpeTHoro HoJIIITIIIIeCKOrO MePOnPmHTMI BeJIHKorO KHH3H: nPHcTyII K I旧凡aHHIO Cyne6HmKaBceHTfI6pel49ZI・Bbl3blBaeT3arOBOP,3aroBoPmiikm rm6HyT B neKa6pe l497 r., a B (beBpaJIe l498 rnpoHCXO皿T IfopoHaUII" nMHTPIIH-BHyKa lI o6HaponpBaHIIe Cyn<e6HIIKa.ⅡPm3TOM几B.IIepenHIIHnpoBoIHTBoIopa3"JI Me>KXy lIHTepecaMII Co*bli 1eJIMe>K瓜yHHTepecaMH Co巾bll-BacHJIHH,CO皿oHcTopo- BacHJIMH, c o"oH cTopoHKOB - C nPyrOm, CIIIITaH, IITo >KeHa HlI CblH CblH Hbl,3arOBOP皿HKOB­C叩yrOⅡ,CIIHTaH,uTo〉KeHa BeJIHKOrO KHH3H TOJIbKO IIcnOJIb30BaJIH B CBOHx UeJIHX 3arO- BOp皿IIKoB,HHao60poT22. Eme XaJIbme nO nyTII nPOTIIBOnOcTaBJIel-IHFI IIHTePecoB II MOTHBOB neHcTBHR OⅡⅡO3HIIHOHHorO <<60HPCTBa>> II u CombH - BacHJIIIH nomeJI K. B. 6a3HJIeBHII, corJIacHo KoH- Ⅱe血皿KoToporopacxo)K,meHHeMe)KnyCo。be曲ⅢHBaHoM III drpaHllqliBaJIoCb npo6JIeMoii oTHomeHIIH K JIKTBe, B T9 ○ U BPeMH KaK noBeXeHIie 3aroBoP皿HKOB HBJIHJIOCb peaKuHeH Ha JIOMKyく巾eonaJIbHO-y八eJIbHOrO CTPOH>23 H aHTIIJIHTOBCKyIo nOjiIITIiky BeJIHKOTOKHH3H 24(B HocJIe皿eMnyHKTe aBTOP,OIIeBH且HO,nPI13HaBaJIBO3Mo)KHOcTLCOBIJaneHI呪ⅡOJIIITHIIecKHx B3m皿oB 3aroBopmHKoB II Co巾bⅢ) U BblBonl K B. Ba3HJIeBH[Ia cBo且HTcH K TOMy, [ITO rJIaBHOH U rlpHuHHoh3aroBopal497r.6blJIくIIe凡HHaCTI'ILIecKHHBonU pOC>; He八OBOJIbCTBO, nPl1BeⅡmee K 3arOBOPy, 4<Bo3IIIIKJIo IIegaBHcHMo oT "HacTII'lecKoro neJIa, Ho 60pb6a, nonHHBmaHCH BOKPyr BOnPOca o nPeCTOJIOHacJIe瓜ⅡH, 3axBaTIIJIa I1 OⅡⅡo3mililoHHO1IacTPOeHIiyIoqaCTb60HpcTBa)>25.3TOT BblBO瓜OCHOBaH BblBOA OCHOBall BB3HaIlllTeJIbHOH 3HaulllTeJIbHOII MePe MePe HaⅡPe瓜CTaBJIeH皿i Ha nPe4CTaBJIeHHIi o He3bl6JleMocTH BJIac|TII I/i'BaHa lll: f<BpHA JIII 3TII JIHⅡa ( 3arOBOPmHKⅢ. - C. K.) MOrJIH CBH3blBaTb C nPHXOIOIMI K iJIacTm botbbm!!ee cbIHaBacmJImfIHaZIe>KXb!HaocJIa6JIeHIIe UeHTPa皿3au皿HyKPenJIeHMe 。eOXaJIbHo・ynleJIbHorO 21 JI. B. LIepenIIIIH. yKa3. coI1.,可.2, cTp. 308. Cp. Bo3pa>Kel・Iwl A. A. 3mMIIIla (<<CoBeTcKaH KHIIIra)', 1952, J1. 4, c'『p、67) 22 JI. B. LI e p e n H ;I H. yKa3. coII., [1. 2, cTI).294. 23 n0'm aTOii JIoMKOii aBTOP nOnPa3yMeBaeT <<ylIIIIITo>KeHHe MeJIKIIx y,meJIoB, orPamlIIeHIIe lIMMyHIITGToB I{ cHcTelIbl KoPMJIeHHII, nOIITPI〜、O舟 HOe lll)eKpallLGIMe l)a3JaIIH 3eMGJIb lla ROTLlmlHOM EPaBe, nl)GKpa皿el-II,Ie ⑪ BOQJIbH̅Oii -cJIy>K6bl 60HP II JleTei 6071PcKIIX, KO皿(pIIK8皿IonpaBa B ,,,Cynle6HMKe@! l497 r. c fIcllo ”,Cy瓜e6H,ⅢʻKe“l497r.cチIcllo BIj[l〕a》Kel・IʻHoii BLIPa>KeHHoii TeHユGHUlleH Te"gllUlleiI BILeHTl〕aJIlⅡ3a­ B ILeHTI)a"2¥- UHH cynaⅡnpo[Iee> (K、B B.a 3 11 II e B II II. yKaa co[I., cTI). 369). 24 K.B.Ba3H・JIeBIIII・yKa3. COII., cTp. 365-370. 26 TaM )Ke, cTP. 369-370. 83 6*
nopfllKa. 3To cTaHoBHTcH TeM 60JIee HcHblM, IITo HH EJIeIIa BoJIomaHKa, He llrPaBmaチI CKO&mbKO-HM6y,mb 3Ha[IMTGJIbHOii nOJIIITIIIIeCKOii POJIII, HH ee CblH "MIITPII曲, KOTOPOMy K MOMeHTy ,皿HaCTHIleCKOrO 3arOBOPa HCIIOJIHIIJIOcb TOJIbKO 14 JIeT, He MoI、JIII Bbl3blBaTb cepbe3Hoe onaceHHe B cMblcJIe yCImeHIIH caMOneP>KaBHO曲 nOJIHTHKH, H60 BCH nOJIHOTa BJIaCTH HaxO皿JIaCb B PyKax BeJIIIKorO KHH3H, 06JIaXaBmero He3"HCIIMblM H BJIacTHblM xapaKTepoM), 26. H.H・CMHpHoB B cBoeii peUeH3HHHa KHHry K. B. Ba3HJIeBIIIIa BbIcKa3aJI nPOTHBOnoJIO)KHylO ToIIKy 3PeHIIH, cIIM- T4H, IITO BJIacTH IIBaHa lll rPO3HJIa cePbe3HafI bnaCHOCTb: くB xoAe nHHacTHIIecKoro KpII3Hca l497 1 502 rr.VXeJIbHOご KIIJDKecKHe KPym, oIIeBII八HO, PaCC[IIITblBaJIHHcnoJIb30BaTb MaJIOJIeTCTBO BHyKa HBaHa lll, 41IMIITP",皿fl3aXBaTa BJIacTH B cBoH."" (B (jopMe pereHTcTBa lI T. ,nl.) . HanpoTHB, 3aroBop l497 1、.ⅡpencTaBJIJIJI cO6010 1IoIIblTKV neTeii 60HpcKIIx H IbHKoB H3MeHIITb xo4 co6bITIM B cBoIo. noJIb3v 響 nyTeM HacIIJIbcTBeHHOrO yCTPaHeH" ,,BHyKa BeJIIIKOrO KHH- 3H" mHMIITpIIfl II nepenaqH BJIacTII Bac皿HIO> 27. no-BH且HMoMy,BocHoBe3ToroMHeHIIHm.I'I.CMIIpHoBa JIe>KHT BnOJIHe nPaBMJIbHoe nPenlcTaBJIeHHe O He,IOcTaTOII- HOii nPOIIHOcTII e,nIIHO八ep>KaBHoM BJIacTII B KoHUe XV B., 24HaKo nPOTHBOPelMH Me)K4y rPyⅡⅡHpOBKaMIイ且MIITpHH H BacIIJIIIH aBTop paccMaTpHBaeT BHE cBH3H c Ho3ilUlieii caMoro IIBaHa lll. no[IeMy 6blJIo pe皿eHO HCHOJIb30BaTb MaJIoJIeTcTBoⅡMHTpmBl497r.,aHepaHbmeP3HaJIJIH HBaH III O63THXnJIaHaX?nOIIeMyHBaH III BO3BblcHJI nMHTp", ecJIH 3HajI, IITo IIMeHHo oT̅ Hero Hcxo,IIIT yrpo3a ero BJIa,瓜blIIecTBy?Ha3TH BoⅡpocbI[IHTaTeJIb He HaxoⅡHT O T B e Ta 、 CJIe,ⅡyeT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha MblcJIb K. B. Ba3HJIegliqa, nOJIyIIIIEmylO 3aTeM Pa3BIITHe B TPyne 4)K・のeHHeJIa・ Ho MHeHIIIo K B. Ba3"eBHqa, KopoHa"JI mMKTpliH-BHyKa nPoBoIHJIaCb KaK cPenCTBo yKpenJIeHHH aHTI1JIIIToBcKorO PyccIKO-MOJILa|BCKOro cOIO3a:《... BblcTVHJIeHHe HBaHa lll B 3a皿HTyCTe.aHacoBnaJIocMoMeHToM.pa3pblBacCo。beiili C nPOBO3皿ameHHeM UMHTPHH HBaHOBH'Ia HacJIe皿ⅢKOM BeJIHKOKHH )KeCKo曲BJIaCTH)p 28. 26 K.B.Ba3HJIeBIIri・yKa3. coq、, cTP、364. 27 1/1.しI. C M M p H o B. PeueH3HH Ha Kimrv K B. Ba311JIeBIIIIa <BHe皿H”I HoJIMTIIKa PyCcKOrO UeHTPaJII130BaHH(JrO rOCynaPCTBa>p.­《Bonpocbl IICTOPIIⅢ沙, 1952, ,Nb ll, cTp. 143. 23 K. B. B a 3 II Jie B ll u: ylta3. co'I., cTp. 36Q 84
n>K. eHHeJI K"TRIIeCKII 'OTHeccH K Te31ICy几B. qepenHIIHa o6 HcHOJIb30BaHHmCo巾be力HBacIIJIIMeM 3aroBopmII- KoB B cBoIIx neJIHx et vice versa. OH nyMaeT, IITo 3To cJIIimKoM 60JIbmaH HaTJI>KKa 29. ApryMeHT K. B. Ba31IJIeBIIIIa, IJp H3B aHHblH瓜oKa3aTb pacxo)KneHHe Me>K,my Co。be仇HHBaU HbM III B 1497 n no Bonpocy o JIIITBe, - oTcyTcTBHe B nlicbMax Co。blI K npIIepH noJIHT"eCKlIx HacTaBJIeH皿一 U U ①eHHeJI cIIHfaeT KpaitHe cJIa6blM 30. CaM aBTop nblTaeTcH paccMoTpeTbco6bITIIH1497r.BEIIHaMHKe・nePBOHaIIaJIblIblii TOJIqOK OH BH瓜ⅢT, B COOTBeTCTBHH C JIeTOⅡHcHblMH H3U BeCTHHMH,BPemeH皿mBaHalllHa3HaIIIITbnMIITpHHBe皿一 KIIM KHH3eM. OTcIona m 3aroBop - KaK peaKIIHH Ha 3To pemeHIIe 31. HaMepeHMemBaHalllKopoHoBaTbnMIITpHH-BHyKaOelIF U HeJI BcJIe,nl 3a K. B. Ba3HJIeBIIIIeM cBH3blBaeT c HoJIIITHKoPI ITO OTHOmeHHIO K MO皿aBcKoMy BoeBone CTe巾aHy (OTUy EJIeHbl H neXy nMIITpHH co cTopoHbl MaTepll) . HBaH ̲III xoTeJI HMeTb B CTe巾aHe Han<e>KHOrO cOIo3HIIKa nPOTIIB JIHTBbl. B aBrycTe l497 r. B MocKBy BePHyJIHjqll QTnp"JIeliHble K CTe巾aH7 B IIIoHe l496 E IIocJIb1 IIBaHa lllルIB. I/IB. O山迄pHH H JIyKa BoJIoIJleHIIH, BMegre c HIIMHnPH6blJI MOJInaB軍 CK" nOcoJI HBaHⅡHTapb 32. KaK HoJIaraeT eHHeJI, BeJIH⑪ KHHKHH3b Mor noJIyKIHTb oT HIIx coo6111eHIIe o ToM, 11.ro U CTe巾aHBcJIyIIaeBcTynJIeHHHBMO皿aBHIonoJIbcKo-JIHToBcKII)I BohcK PemmJI o6bfIBIITb ce6H BaccaJIoM cyJITaHa m U conpoTIIBJIHTEcHHreJIJIoHaM.OTBeTHblMycJIoBIIeM (KoTopoe BbIIBHHy" CTe。aH mJIH KoTopoe eMy PbLIIo npenlJIo)KeHo IIBaHOM III? 33)ylBJIHJIOCb Ha3HaqeHHe nMHTPHH-BHyKa HaCJIenHHKOMnpeCTOJIa34.3TyKOHneⅡnHIOeHHeJIanO旦且ep>KaJI H. C. JIypbe35, 。 C Hameii To'IKII 3peHIIH, B HoJIb3y MHeHHH①eHHeJIa cBHneJIbCTByeT P皿巾aKTOB: l) B JIeTOⅡHCHOH cTaTbe O BcTPeIIe 。 U pH3aHcKbiigeJIHKoiiKHHTIIHIMAHHblBaBrycTel497r.BHyK 2J J.Fennell・Op. cit., p. 348. 30 1bid., I). 356. 3i lbid., p. 343. 32 nCP,ノ1,T、VI, cTp. 41, 241; T. VIII, cTp. 232-233; T・XII, cTp. 244; T. 20, nePBam no@m()BIllla, cTI). 364-365; T、24, cTI) 243; T. 26, cTp 290-291i T. 28, cTp. 328-329. KpaTKoe ynoMMHa1I11e o6 9ToM: <C6, PMO", T. 41, cTP. 240. 33 ABTop npocTo roBopHTくa conditi,on> (J・Fennell. Op cit., p. 345> 34 J.Fennell.Op・cit., l). 345. 35 peUeII3''F' H. C・JIyl)1,C Ha K'II'ry mj・K. d)GHHCJIa <<I,an the Ol℃at oi Moscow" ("McTol)MH CCCP", 1962, JVh 4, cTp. 206) . 85
ynOMHHyT CPa3y nOCJIe BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, PaHbme nieTeii H BeJIHKIIx KHHMHb; 2) coo6meHIIIo o BcTpeqe AHHbl HenoCPencTBeHHO nPe只皿eCTByeT PaCcKa3, 0ⅡHCblBalO皿嘘cTOJIK- HoBeHIIe HreJIJIoHoB co CTe。aHoM II BMemaTeJIbcTBo BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H B STOT KOH巾JIHKT 36; 3) ynoMHHyTafl B JIeTonHcHx HocbIJIKa K AJIeKcaHIpy neTpa JIo6aHa 3a60JIoTcKoro H瓜bHKa HBaHa BoJIKa KypImblHa, KOTOPble nOJI>KHbl 6blJIH oTroBopHTb JIMToBcKoro BeJIHKoro KHJI3H oT BoiiHbl co CTe- 巾aHoM, HMeJIa MecTo B aBrycTe l497 r. 37; 4) B BoJIoroncKo- UePMCKOit JIeTOnHCMB!IgBeCTHIIoKoPoHaUmmJMHTP" HBaHOBHIIarOBoPIITcH:くCTe。aHoBaBIIyKaBoJIoIKcKoro>38. rlmOTe3y Ba3IIJIeBIIIIa-①eHHeJIa HeO6XO皿fMo V'lecTb 管 nPH yCTallOBJIeHHHBCero KOMnJIeKca nPHIIIIH, 06ycJIOBHB- mllx KopoHaUmlo IMI1Tp"-BHyKa Ho BHemHenoJIHTIIIIecKaH nPHIIHHa He 6blJIa, Ha Ham B3rJI升八, enHHCTBeHHO曲. B cxeMe のeHHeJIa ecTb OJIHO CJIa60e MecTO: ecJIII oHa xoPOmo O6'LHCHFIeT Bo3BblmellHe nMIITplIH B aBrycTe l497 r., To M3 Hee Tpy皿o BblBecTH MOTIIBbl KoPOHa皿H且MHTPIIH-BHyKa B *eBpaJIe l498 E CorJIacHo Ha6JIIoneHIIHM aB'ropa, noCjIe oKTH6- pH l497 r. HBaHy lllくIIeLIerO 6blJIO 6ecnoKOHTbcH> o cynb6eMo皿aBHH,nocKoJIbKy26oKTH6pFIl497r.CTe巾aHpa3一 OMJI BTOPrHyBmHecH B ero CTPaHy noJIbCKo-'ノIHTOBCKIIe BOii- "fi̲j9. O6emaHlie 'CTebaHy, ecJIII OHo Il 6bIJIo naHo B aBrycTc 1497 r., MorJIo 6blTb Bblno"HeHo B c:JIy[Iae ocTpoii BIIyTpimoJIIITHIIecKoii Heo6xo皿MOC|TII B KOPOHa皿Ⅱ且MMTplIH-BHyKa. BMecTe c TeM BHyTPHnoJIIITHII'ecKIIG MOTHBbl Ha3HalIeHIIFI JMIITpwI BeJIHKIIM KHH3eM eHHeJI npeIcTaBJIgeT TaKIIM o6Pa30M, IITO TPy,nHo npHypoLIIITb IIx IIMeHHo K l497 r.: <<C BHyTPHHoJIIITIIIIe,cKOii TOIIKH 3PeHIIH 3To MOMO 6blTb 3anly- MaHo KaK八eMOHCTP a皿H erO (HBaHa llL - C K) HeOn06peH" 60fIPcKHx cHMmaTHii lI cBH3eiM Co。bl" 4q CoxpaHHBmH曲CHIOKyMeHTaqJIbHbliiMaTePliaqJIno3BOJIHeT naTb CJIeXylOmee o6EHcHeHIIe co6blTIIHM HIIHacTHIIecKoji " nCP几T、1V,Ⅲ.l,Bb1,.2,cTp、534-535;T,VI,cTp、42,241;T,V111, CTP、233-234; T: XII, crp. 245; T. 20, nepBam moJToBIIHa, cTP、 365366; T、28, cTp. 329. 3/ <<C6.PHO>, T. 35, Nb 48, cTp. 236-238. 3d nCPJI, T. 26, cTp. 291. 3ミ'J. Fennel1. 01)・cit., p、344. 06 Ej1・oM c()'iblTIM IIonpo6Hee cM.: L・KQ l an kO w s」fi. Dzieje Wielkiego ksiCstwa LiteWskiego za JagiellorlOw, t l . WWa, 1930, str. 4377 J. S Z u j s k i. History7 polski6j treSCiwie ol)owiedziall6j ksiflg dwanaSCie・W-wa, 1880, str. 150. 40 J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 345. 86
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PeaJIbHafIonacHocTbcocTopoHblBacHJIIIHIIo6ycJIoBMJIa HoBoe Bo3BblmeHHe nMHTpIIfl-BHyKa B aBrycTe l497 r., nPH 3TOM BHemHenOJIHTHIIeCKHe CO6blTIIH MOrJIH 6blTb JIHmb nOBoIoM HJIIf 6JIarOBHユHblM nPeXJIOrOM J;JIH nPOBeneHHfl B >KII3Hb co3peBmero pelueHIIH. CorJIacHo TeKcTy CTenellHIoi KHHrlI, HaIIaJIo <<rHeBa)D HBaHa lll Ha Co*bIo H BacMIJ1Hfl 'Hy)KHO OTHecTII K neP.BOhnoJIoBIIHe l497 r. Coo'6皿aH oⅡo- lK"oBaH" BacIIJIIIIo THTyJIa BeJIHKoro KHH3H 21 MapTa 1499 r., CTeneHHaH KHIIra yKa3blBaeT, IITo HBaH III IIMeJ] rHeB Ha >KeHy l'I CbIHa <<MaJIblM 60 nPen cHM, HKO 3a nBa JIeTa> 43. BOPb6a C cenaPaTIIcTcKIIMII Tel・皿eHuHHMH BaCHJIIIH Be- JIacb HBaHOM III B PacrleTe Ha nO旦旦eP>KKy CPelHI1x cJIOeB KJIaCCa*eO"JIOB HnOCanlcKIIX JIIOnie曲,COOTBeTCTBylOmIIX ye3,IoB (rpaMoTa nIIJIbeMoBbIM, rpaMoTa noKpoEcKoMy ylIJIIULKOMy MOHaCTblPlO, 6eJIo3ePCKaFI TaMO>KeHHafl rPaM6Ta) . He cJIyIIaiiHo HMeHHo B ceHT26pe l497 E nPaBIIT6"bcTBonpHcTynHJIoKBblpa60TKeCyne6HIIKa,BKoTopoMHenpenyCMaTPIIBaJICH Cyn ymeJIbHblX KHH3eii 44. Bce aTII MePbl B coIIeTaHHH c pemeHHeM o6'bHBIITb nMIITPIIH-BHyKa BeJIHKHM KHR3eM BLI3Baml B3PbIB He40BoJIbCTBa rpynnIIpoBaBmIIxcH BoKpyr BacIIJIHH cTopoHHHKoB npe>KHeih aBToHoMHH pa3JIIIIIHblx o6JIacTeii. CTeneHb arpeccHBHocTH 3 arOBOP皿IIKoB HaM HeH3BecTHa. HacKoJIbKo pemllTeJIbHo co6HpaJIIIcb oHH npeTBopHTb cJIoBa B XeJIo, HeHCHo. O"aKo JIer"̲noHHTb, [ITo pa306JIaIIeHIIe 3aroBopa 6blJIo XJIH HBa- Ha lll y406HblM cHoco60M o巾皿HaJIbHo OnPaBnaTb lI y3aF KOHIITbBO3Bb皿eHHenMIITPHFI-BHyKa,cO3naTbHoBylOnOJIH- TIIIIecKylo cPIcTeMy. KopoHanHH I498 r・ToJIbKoBHemHe”ⅢIacb pe3yJIbTaToM pa3rpoMa 3aroBopa B neKal6pe l497 r. ①aKTIIIIeCKH>Ke,CymlnOCOUmaJIbHOiiHanPaBJIeHHOCTH BHyTPHnOJIHTHqecKOro KyPca BTopoh ⅡoJIoBHHbl l497 r., H|BaHIIIcBFI3blBaJICB,O3Bblm|eHPIeMnMIITP}IH-B'HyKanP'OBeg meHHe onPenleJIeHHOii cOUma、mbHo-no&JIHTHIIecKo曲ⅡpOrp aM Mbl. HOcMOTPliMX<e, KaKOii xaPaKTeP HOCmJIa BilyTPeHH" LIQJIHTIIKa B I498 r. OKa3bIBaeTcH, BeJIHKIIih KHfI3b nMIITp" HBaHoBHEI He BblnaBaJI Ii He noITBep>KnaJI >KaJIoBaHiibIx rpaMoT.OHBbmaBaJITo.mbKorpaMoTbl̅onpoI13Bo4cTBecyna no 3eMeJIbHblM TH>K6aM H o pa3'be3ne cnopHblx 3eMeJIb, cV- W UCPJI, T2 1 , 81'ol]afI no。IIoBIIHa, cTI). 57 1 -572. 4'! C. B B e c e JI o B c K II ii. BJIa"IMIII) ryccB.・・, CTl). 42 68
皿JI B HOCJIe皿eii IIHCTaH皿H3eMeJIbHble XeJIa 45. nMIITpMikBHVK, nO-BH瓜mMoMy, He HMeJI KaKHx-JIH60 TeppHToplIii Ha ご 46.IIB3TOMc9PTOHJI0erOKaUeCTBPHH9e̲9T= npaBaXyneJIa jiiiIllie df KHH3H BaclIJIM MBaHoBIIIla, KoTopbIih o6bILIHo coIIeTam cyne6Hble byHK皿mB OTHOmeHHHo皿IIX ye3八oB c yXeJIbHblMH nPaBaMH Ha Te )Ke皿Ⅲ叩yme ye3nbI. HHblMII U 6JIoBaMm,Hoo6LeMynoJIHoMo叩岱瓜MIITPlin-BHyK,HeCMOTPH Ha cBOii BeJIHKOKHH>KecKIIi THTyJI, 6blJI MeHee nOJIHOnPaBU U HblM,qeMBacHJIMIii.OHHBJIHJIcFIJIHmbCOnPaBIITeJIeM,。aKTII'IeCKHnOMOmHIIKOM BeJIIIKoro KHFI3H, a He caMocToRTeJlbHblM VAeJIbHblM cyBePeHOM. 3TOTxaPaKTePBJIaCTHⅡMHTPHfI6blJIOTJIMI[IHOIIOIIHT Ha 3anane. KeHHrc6eprcKIIM KoMa皿op JIIonBIIr巾oH 3aHcreiiM, nOCJIaHeU xoxMeiicTepa, nllca" !IMnepaTopy MaKcIIU ⑪ 。 U MHJImaHy, 'ITO CO cBOHM BIIyKoMくCTaPblPi rOCynaPb O且HH U ,neP>KIIT B CBOIIX PyKax ynPaBJIeHlie。, 3eMJIem m He xoW u 瓜onycTI1Tb co6cTBeHHblx IByx cblHo"PI K ynpaBJIeHIIIoH川I Pa3neJ1y 3eMJIH・3To nJIH MarIICTPa JIHBOHl皿Ⅲ瓜JIFI Ho'ITellHor,o OpneHa ユ Bo MHIorl'Ix oTHo皿eHIIFIx TfDKeJIO H !HeBblTO4Ho: U OpFIelfHeMo>KeTnpoTHBocToHTbcToJIb60JIbmoiicHJIe,coCjelOTOqeHHOii B O"mX PyKax, B O T JI II [l m e O T T o 「 9 nO!JIo)KeHIIFI, Korna 3eMJIFI noneJIeHa Me>K八y 45 Aq)3IIX, qJ, Nb 1 17, 259, 308, 309 (CrP 362) ;̲ACSILI ,I, Nb 619; TJI, ,M.116; J1. B. Ll e l) c n n !In. ylia3. coq…【L 2, cTp 238 (o llI)aBblx rI)aMOTaX Cy" ZIM!ITPlifL HBallO911qa) 4(' B oLHoih !13 cBoIIx pa60T A.A. 311MH1.I BbIcKa3aJI npem110.「Io>KeHIle, qTo 4kopoHauIIfI B 1498 n ZIMIITpliII IjpaHoBMqa 23Haqa"na noJIIjoe nllli- "H,lig"ero nl)aB Ha TBepb:' (A A 3 !:! M II H OcHoBHI,le npo6JIeMbl"" cTp・105); o,nlla]<o B c'raTbe, B1'1山e皿Ieii nO31IIee, 3TO nPeJ、nOJIO)KellHe cIIhTo(A.A.3IIMHH・OnoJ1MITIIIIGcKMxnpeJInocblJIKax…,cTp34) neiicTBilreJ1bHo, UaHHblx o nel)enajie mMmpMIo TBepli」 }IcT(IWIliax 11eT.nPaBRa,BくqIIHe>,BeHLIaHI畑ⅡMIITPH知nocmTcKynoroX.280ro56i)iITch, ilT6 0H 6bm nO)l、BaH̲<、KeCTB9W Eo"2皿IMepCKblM II MCCKoBcKblM II HOBropomKHMHT*epcI<MM' (fl. C <rI y p b e. Iイユeo← JIo!rIwecKaH 60pb6a…., 6Tp. 385) OmaKo H C J1ypb(' He oTHocIII 3ToT CnIIcOKKLIIIcJIyOTI)a>KawOIIlJⅨ nepBoHaqa。nbHylop"2KU1.11o.KI)oMe Toro, 3.mecb nPIIBenel( TwITyJI, a He nePe:leHb l)eaJIWo nepemell山しIx K nMITl)ilio o6"iacTeiO6bl4Ho, 「oBopmoBeHqaHIIM qMIITp"lJig9IWki! VI<a3blBaIOT TO&mbKO ,mBe TGpPIIToPmambHble aTI]HqynI堀,巾IIrypHpyIolllIieBBeJIH'KOKHmKeCKOMTMTyJIe: fBQJIO皿M eP'CKHⅢHMOCKOBCKHH》 J u 11ʻⅢⅢ《MOCKOBCKmiIIHOBrOPOIICKHわ. norol. B>KG2803811McT|IIoBaHIMe U H3 BeJIIIKoKHfI)KecKOro TIITyJla n()皿JIo naJIbme. B 及師IJIoMaTHLIecKHx 4oKyMeHrax l498 E HBaH III BblcTynaeT, KaK M IIpe"21̲̲gllIIMI Ee.miKOrO KH,13m <<BOIIO"MePCKOrO l! MOCKoBCKOrO [I HoBoroPOJIcKOrO [1 ncKoBcKorol1T巾c I) c K o r o !1 ̲̲IoToI)cKoTo H 、6oJIral)cKoro 1i lillJJIx" 、 ("C6 PllO", 'L 35, cTI)250, 254. Pa3P皿Ka MOf'). 89
r o c y n a p JI M H> 47. He cJIenyeT, KoHeIIIIo, a6coJIIoTH3IIPoBaTb 3TO BbICKa3blBaHI1e, nOcKOJIbKy OHO COXeP>KHTCH B He- naTHPOBaHHOM HCTOIIHHKe, I-IO TaK HJIHHHaIIe, KOPOHalIIIH 旦MIITPHH-BHyKa IIMeJIa, no-BH皿MOMy, HCHO BblPa)KeHHylO aHTHyneJIbHyIO HanPaBJIGHHOCTb H O3Ha[IaJIa ToP>KecTBO CaVOnleP)KaBHH 4a lLMIITPmii-BHyK 6bIJI nOJIIITmrlecKOii 。Iiry- POII HOBOrO THⅡa. Ero nocJIeloBaTeJIbHoe Bo3BblmeHHe Ha BceM nPoTH>KeHHm90-x roloB (no KpaihHeii Mepe, c l492 r.) H|e COnPOBo>KnaJIIO|cb nPenPCTaBJIeHIIeM GMy KaKHX-JIII60 3eMeJ1b B yneJI 49. BHoJIHe ecTecTBGHHo, IITo IIMeHHo oH oIKa- 3aJICH y TPOHa PHnPM c HBaHOM III nocJIe Pa3rPoMa nPoyneJIbHOrO 3arOBOPa. OnHaKo HeJIb3FI nyTaTb nepBoHaulanbHblii 3aMblceJI, npHBenmlIit K KOPOHalII'III, C ee o6BeKTHBHblMIi nOCJIe4CTBIIFIMI1. nOHBJIeHIfe BToPOrO 60JIee IIJIH MGHee HaneJIeHHOrO PeaJIbU HoII BJIacTblo BeJIHKOrO KHH3H eXBa JIII MorJIo B Te'IellIIe CKOJIbKO-HII6y八b nPonpJI>KHTeJIbHOro BPeMeHII cHOCo6CTBoIBaTb ,pocTy caMoLep>KaBIIFI. BblJIo 6bl MoXepHH3aUme曲Ⅱpen- noJIaraTb nJIH KoHUa XV - HaIIana XVI B cyry60 *yHK皿o"JIbHbIii xaPaKTeP BJIaCTII nMHTP" KaK COnPaBHTeJI兄 HBaHa lll. B ycJIoBIIflx e皿e >KHBOih ymeJIbHOh瓜eiiCTB HTeJIbHIOcTII POJIb BT,oPorO BeJIIIKOro KHFI3H MOrJIa 6blTb ToJIbKO 。yHK皿oHaJIbHo-TeppIITopIIaJIbHoih, T. e. caMo npllo6meHIIe ,LIMHTPHH K rOcynaPCTBeHHOMy yrlpaBJIeHHIo yンKe IIpe40npe47 Pa3pHIKa MoFI.《Supplementum ad Historica RLIssiae Monumenta>D. Pei[opoli, 1848, M 121, S 312 ("TIIpyeTcH npeano.molKIITeJIbHo l498 romoM); H. C・JIypbe・nepBble皿GoHorm..,, cTp. 97; LEKUB, 2-,te Abt, B(l. 1,,JMb 1023, S 772 ("TIIpyeTcH BI)eMeReM Me no3皿ee aBrycra l500 r.). Ha nocIIGMIee li3zIaHMG KaK Ha iIcToIIHIIK cBe4eHI1ii o JHIHa'cTHIJecKoii 60pb6e B PoccIIII KoI[Ua XV ・- IIa[IaJIa XVI B. MoG BHHMaHHe川O6e3HO O5I)aTIMa A.几Xopol''KeBIi[1. 49月.C. JIy l) 1] e. nel)BI)IG IIJGoJIoF、I,I..., cTp. 97-98; o l, >K G・I/heoJIor}1 . 'lecKaFI 6ol)b6a..., cTl)、384-385; HA. Ka3aKoBa I1 H. C.JIVDL,e. AHTIイ巾eonaJIpHble epeTHIIecKHe nB}I>KeHIIfl Ha P)'cM XIV - Haula&ma XVI BeKa. M.­几, 1955, cTp・194:Cp. JT. B. LlepenHIII-i. yK23・colI.' 'J. 2, cTp. 304-305 1I c&meX.: A. A. 3 i,I M II I-I. O.cHom化「e npo6JIeMbl.̲, Q、p. 105; o H )K e. O Do@JIIIT'II1ecKMIx npeノmocbmKax…, cTP. 34-35. 49 TaKoe oTHo山eHIIe l/IBaHa llI K nMIITPIIIO MOr、!IO 6MTb CnelCTBHeM PI,meiiHoji 6JIII30cTM Me>Kny rpynnoii EJieHbI Bo,mo皿aHKH H BeJmKHM KH兄3eM・BocnIITaHHblii llaHユeHx KepeTIIKOB>, HMI'ITI)", BO3MO>KHo, 6brJI MeHee npoHHKHyT ynteJIDHoii ncIIxOJIorl,Ieii, uleM BdcIIJIIIii, II no3To4 My 60JTbme rOmlJIcFI Ha pOJIb cO11paBIITe@JIFI BeLIIIKOI、o KIiH3FI. HaM Ka. >KeTcH nPaBIIJIbHblM Te31IC H.C.̲JIypbe O KPynHoM BMane ePeTIIKOB B MeQJOirHIO caMOJIeP>KaBⅢ兄(H C.!JI y p b e. nepBble皿eoJIor,11"、 c'Ip. 1O6; cp. I1poTIIBoHoJIo>KHyIo ToIIKy jPGIIⅡ列 Ⅲ. II. CMIIpHoBa 《BoIIPoclJI McToPHIi>, 1952, Nb l l , cTp. 143, ilpHM 3) . 卯
AeJIHJIO Pa3MeJKeBaHIIe nOJIHoMo'IHii ne,Ⅱa H BHyKa B TePPHToPHaJIbHOM oTHOmeHHII. CoxpaHIIBmmecHrpaMoTb] noKa3bIBaIoT,qTon<MMTpmIo 6blJIHnonBeXOMcTBeHHDI CJIenylO皿He ye31bI: Mo)KeT OblTb (xoTH oTmoXb He HaBepHHKa) , BoJIoroXcKIMii 50; KpoMe̲Toro, BeJIO3ePCK" (B巾eBpaJIe l498 r.Z m nos皿ee 52), nepe- cJIaBJIb:3aJIecckIIX(B̅MapTel498r.53),KocTpoMcKoii(naTbl HeT 54) , Be)KenlKIIi (B 7007 r") . B3TO >Ke BPeMH IIBaH III nPOBO瓜HJI aKTIIBHylo 3eMeJIb- HyIO HOJIIITIIKy B ye3"x C)gaJIbCKOM , (H3BeCTIIH MaH 1498 r. 56 II 7006 r. 57) , IOpbeB-noJIbcKoM ("Tbl HeT, npen- noJIo>KIITeJIbHo B 1497/98 r. 58) , KoJIoMeHcKoM (naTbl HeT, npe皿oJIo>KIITeJIbHoB1497/98E59),HInKeropoXcKoM(BoKTiI6pe l498 f 60) , MocKoBcKoM (B IeKa6pe l498 E 61 H B 7007 m). OIIeB皿ⅡO, PaHbme npynIx TePplITOp砿瓜MIITPl戒ⅡoJIy- IIIIJIB ynPaBJIeHHeBeJIO3ePcK城 Ⅲ(npe皿OJIO>KIITeJIbHO ) BoJIoroIcKHik ye3Xbl・Bo3Mo)KIIo, nepeXamJa Hx eMy cocToFIJIaCb He3anOJIrO nP o。II皿aJIbHoii onaJIbl BacIIJII1H 62 H B ○ KaKOi-TO MePe, no-BI皿HMOMy, B CHJIy nPeTeH3HHHOCJI enHerO Ha 3TH o6JIacTH 63. HenapoM IbflK enpp CTpoMwIoB B 50 AC31'i, TJ11, Nb 279 0LHaKo y Ha|c Her yBePeFIIo(TI{ ̲B ToM, IITo ソ ⅡO皿MCaBm'IIirPaMOTy@<KHfl31)IMIIT1)CilllBalIOBIJIIb》ユeiicTBIITembllo 且MIITI)mii-BHyK. Mo)KeT 6bl'rb, rPaM、OTa OTMOCMTCH I< 。 aBrl!cTy-Cell- Tfl61)lO l499 r. II (bIIryplipyeT B He曲且PyrOii nMIITI)IIii - TPeTHii CbIH HBaHa lll oT 6paKa c Cod)be曲ⅡaʻⅡeo,Ⅲo正 1 5I AC311, T. II, Nb 416。 52 A3MX, [1. 1, JYb 308; cAI. TaK>Ke JYb 309, cTp. 262. 5; TaM )Ke, Nb 117. 5{ TaM )Ke, 259. 55 ACam, T. 1, JYb 619. 56 TaM >Ke, T・II, Nb 494 (yn.: AC3II, T. 111, cTp. 479, rp. 53). 57 TaM )Ke, T. l1, Nb 491, 493. 58 TaM >Ke, T. I, Nb 615. 59 TaM )Ke, T. 11, Nb 414 60 TaM )Ke, T. 111, JYb 305. 6' Am3IIX, L1. 1, Nb 32. 62 rpaMOTa,KacaIoIllafIcH BoJIocTH qaBIIb[ B 3aKy6eHbe BoJIoroggKoro 』 V63", H6xo"JIa oT IIBaHa lll, Ho 6blJTa no皿HcaHa《KH”eM妙且MHTbmeM HBaHoBI'1[IeM.Ⅲ.A・roJIy6UoB pHeM HBaHoBHtleM. H. A roJIy6UoB oTHocIIT oTHocI{Tee eeKE Kc BI〕eMeHH,HenoBpeMeHm, ̲Heno- cpeacTBeHH|O nPe且mecTBoBaBmEMy nO>Ka@JIoBaHIIIQ HMFTPlIH BeJIKKoKMAfecKIIM THfyJIoM (AC3I'I, T.I11, Nb 279) . 31 0 npenno.IIo>KeHIIe HeJIb3fl PaCCMaTPllBaTb !IHaqe, KaK IOra"L 630Eo3Mo>KHblx.npeleH3IMHx]1Hane>""̲Bac]m順HCo*blfHaBeJIoo3epo cM.: J. F e n n ell.̲ OP・cit., p. 345; cp. A. A、3 H M II H. OcHoB-J Hble nl)o6J1eMIJ1..., cTp. 106; o H )K e. O noJIIITHLIecKIIx IIPe,lnocI>IJIKax...; cTp. 36 91
"oIIx npe"0>KeHIIHx Bac}IJIIIIo cBH3bIBaJI HJIaH Ha6era Ha BoJIormy H BeJIoo3epo Kli3panoiiil c HaJ KHfI3eM JMmfPmeME U BHy'KOM . KoppHaUIIHIJMWpHfIcocToHJIacb4。eBpa"H1498r"Ho e皿eB巾eBpaJIe l498 E (J(o IMH nocJIe 4 qiitJIa, MbI He dHa") nepeqIaBJIb-3aJIeccKMM ye3ZoM Bena" "<HH3b IODIiii ⑥ HBaHOBH可64,BTop"cblHHBaHallloT6paKacCo*beiilhale9Jor,KoTopgjiynepeCjaBJIb6bLimopyileH,B"mlio,cpa3y nocJIeonaJIblBac皿Ⅲ兄BeJIo3epcKHih,nepecJIaBcKHMH̅Kdt u U gTPOMcK'0IIye3nbIHBJIHJIHCb6bIBmeiicq)ePOjiBm呪'H1畑KHH3H B a'cHJIHFI. 轡 瓜MIITPHHMOrnPenLHBMTbnPaBalIHaXPyrHeye3JLI, BxoJJIBmHe paHee B [IIIcJIo HoJBenoMcTBeHHblx BaCHJIHIo 3eMeJIb. He 3TIjM JIII o6'bflcHHeTcH cTPeMJIe!HHe IIBaHa lII yTBep"T. fBoii cyBepeHIITeT B HpoCJIaBJIe, me BacIIJI" HMeJI 1496 B r.ⅡOJII-IOMOIII旧くrocy且a”>ウ?B MapTe l498r. CnaccKmiFIpocJIaBcKlijiMoHacTbiP6IioJIy[lliJIoTLnMIi5̅Iii u >KaJIOBa"ylO rPaMoTy, cTaBIIBmylO Bce HaceJIeHMe MOHaU CT・IPCKoH BOTqIIHbI, a TaK>Ke aPxmMa"pIITa m 6PaTHIo no八 oneKy ,H KoHTpoJIb BeJIIIKoKHH>KecKoro npHcTaBa C・OXHH- WBa (noJIIIHmlicy,ne6HbIxUeJIcnocTojoHHIIM"皿aM'I). mHbIe nPmCTaBbI He mMeJIII nPaBa <<HaMeTLIBaTBM"MM BC皿" "9aTb Ha nopyKIi apxIIMaHnpIITa, cTapUeB II Kpe- grbHH"HMeHHOBIeJIfIx̅HeiiTPaJIif3auHⅢnPHTH3aHIIII 且MIITPIIH BeJIHKIIH KHH3b nOCTaBHJI HoIKOHTPOJIb cBOerO U 。 U nPlETaBaBcIoBOTIIIIHyHamqoJIeeBJIIIHTeJIbIIoro̅BHPoCJIaB- JIe CnaccKoro MoHacTbIpfl. rpaMoTa l498 r. orpalilitlII"", nO-BH且HMOMy,IOPHC且HKⅡHIOPocToBcKOroaPxmenlICKOna:nP 1498r.HeBcTpegaeTcHrpaMoT,3aKpenJfHIo皿ⅢxⅡoncynU ⑪ HOcTb HaCTOHTeJIeH H MoHaxoB HpocJIaBcKIIx MoHaCTblpeii PFJIHKoW̲K"3IO(BePOHTHO,HxCy皿JIapxHenHcKon) Mepa . "aH31116bIJIaCir"ymiPoBaHa̅OcTPoioiiBHyrPHnOJIHTII。 IIeCKOH CHTyaUmHl498 r" Kor" npOTHBoHocT3B)IeHIie HHTePeCOB aPxHenHcKOna H MOHaCTblPH MorJIO ycIIJIIITb nO3HU I I H B e J I H KO r O K H H 3 H . BTOM,qTOoTHOmeHIIHMe>KmyliBaHoMIIIIInMIITPmeM Pa3"BaJIIIcb OTHIOnb He rJIa"O, CoMHeBaTbcH He nPIIx6"T- gL TaK, nepexQI B cbepy BJI"H" nMHTpliH B"EMfo Bepxa, KoTopblii npe""EJIHJI co60ii ilacTL EbiMjmi6f5 U 64 AC3I/1, T. 1, Nb 617. 051、nMンKe, T. 111, M216 92
yrJIH且Koro yXeJIa, eIBa JIH Bxo"IJI B nePBOHaulaJIbIII)Ie PacIIeTbl IIBaHa lll. POCT nPeTeH3池瓜MHTPHH OTPa>KaeT SBOJIIo皿H ero 一 T H Ty J I a . B 6oJIb皿HHCTBe JIeToHIICHblx cBonPB rOBOPHTcFI, IITO ⅡMHTPHii 6blJI Ho>KaJIOBaH《BeJIHKIIM KHfl)KeHIIeM BoJIoAHMepcKIIM H MocKoBcKKM Bcea PycH》; B meTOHHcHoM PaCCKa3e O nePeMoIIHII BeHIIamiH OH HecKoJIbKO Pa3 Ha3blBaeT- cHBeJIHKHMKHH3eMくBCefIPyCH》66.JIHmbBKPaTKHXcOo6meHHHx EpMoJIHHcKoi, TImorpa。cKoit, BoJIoroXcKo-nepMCKOii JIeTOnliceii H xPOHOrPaba OTCyTcTBylOT CJIOBa <BceH PyCII), 67.B <<LIHHe)> HocTaBJIeHHH nMHTI)HA TpIDK"I IIMeHyeTCHBeJIHKHMKHH3eM<<BceJIPycH方68. B JIHTepaType mHpoKo I)acnpocTPaHIIJIocb MHeⅡme o npHcBoeHIM UMIITpHIo B 1498 r. THTyJIa BeJIHKorqKHH3fl <<BceH Pycli>". Cy旦月ⅡO JIeTOIIIIcHblM Ii3BecTHFIM Ii <<qlIHy>> BeHIIaHHH, OH II B caMOM neJIe 6blJI Ha3BaH nPH KOPoHa皿珊I BeJIIIKHM KHH3eM <<BceH PyCH》.OJHaKo HoKyMeHTaJIbHbl ih MaTePHaJI HoKa3blBaeT, IITO nMIITPlm CPa3y nocJIe noCTaB、neHHH Ha BeJIHKOe KHH>KeHHe noJIb30BaJIcH ToJIbKO TIITyJIOM BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, HO He BeJIHKOrO KHH3H <<BCeH PycH>. B rpaMoTax nepBblx MecflUeB 1498 r. B TIITyle BeJIIIKPro KHH3H nMIITPHH IIBaHOBwIa HeT CJIOB《BCefl PyCH>D. 3TO ⅡOnOJIHeHIIe nOHBJIHeTCH B 6e>KeUKOii rPaMOTe, BblnaHHoii H'e paHbme ceHTH6pH 1498 r. 69, II B HeXaTMpoBa・HHoM 6eJIo3ePCKOM cynJHOM cHIIcKe, KOTOPblii Ha[IIIlIaeTcH cJOBaMH 《ⅡOrocynaPeBerPaMOTeBeJIIIKOI10KHH3HmMHTPeaIIBaHOBHII" H KOHIIaeTcH 。Pa30的《<H O ceM cyntba PeKcH AOJIo- >KIITH rOCynaPH BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H (KaKoTO? - C K) BCea PycH, a CTaPUy HrHaTblO rPaMOTy BeUeJI IIPJIO>KZTH nePenl B6JIIIKHM KHFI3eM)' 70. EcJIH BecHoii l498 r. IIBaH III ynleJIHJI 60JIbmoe BHIIMaHHe TeppHTopHHM, 6blB皿mM HeKOrna B BenoMcTBe HBaHa H BacIIJIHFI HBaHoBmqeii (Cy3naJIbcKm曲, 66 nCPJI, T. 1V, u. 1 , Bblll. 2, cTp. 531 ; nCP几T、VI, cTp. 241-242; T. V111, cTp、234-235; T. XII, cTp. 234-235; T. 20, nePBam noJIoBIIHa, cTp. 366-368; T. 28, cTp. 330-331. 67nCPJI,T、22,cTl〕、513;T,23,CTP、1961T,24,CTI).213;T.26,cTI).291; C. 0.皿MH且T. npo八o凡>KeHIie xPoHorpa(!a l)"aKumI] 1 51 2 rona.くしIcTopmIlec,KMii apxIIB>, 'r. V11. M., 1951, pTp. 273. 68 JI3AK, 1864 r.,BbIⅡ.III­CH6.,1865.,”no?KmHH,cTp、10,12,15; <qTeHI1H OI'IJP)', 1883, KH. 1, [oT4.] 1, rTp. 36, 38. 0 <<LIIIHe> cM no4- po6Hee:H.C・JI yl)be.Ⅲ,瓜eOJ1OrwIecKaH60Pb6a".,cTI)、384-387. 6リAC31'I, T. I, Nb 619. 70 A3HX, u. I, JMb 308, cTp. 257, 261. 93
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fHII!9IICJIenPBaTeJ1bliO,八aTa<<7005),BT.H.cBojIel497r. omH60[IHaHIcaMoM " 4eJIenoJI)KHo 6LiTE-《7006>.OxHaKo cBon l497 r., eCJIH 3aMelllITb,B HeM f<7005)p Ha <<7006>>, WM4Wll" !1HTePeCHOe yToq"HIie:OKa3blBaeTcm,̅qT6 :・WIWWMMa KOrOjOM "ir liiMMr;K" HcbH CblHa 6bI。ノI II BblHy]K八eH HoKaHZbcH .B "ry6JIeHHII AHnpeFI ym皿WPl̲,MMFJIQMecToBHoH6pe l497 (BcKope f ndtJIe 39n9W6W')e m , moKa3Hli gafJE6j皿HKoB (27̅neKa6" l497 r) BHarIMT, onaJIa Ha Co""̅IIrRMM5LI"MW ¥WZ LIQ-BImmMoMy, Mexmy ceHTH6peM l497 r., Korna Fa⑥ cH"IIMOrPaCnoPHIIITbCHOBb皿aIIeJIbrOTHOnrpaMOTbllo7, U MWWPa̲M E 3" ""bBKa̅i6m""Men」 IW9WWp,JITRll"I III co6IjPaJIp"o3"ciTmMM- BHyKa e皿"̲"rXpTe- ceIITH6pe l497 rraKHM o6pa60M, IPW"lB¥TcfI=60JIeeTeCHa"CBH3b Me)K,myHaLI3JT6M̅66」 WWI2H"r、Cyme6H'IKa (ceHTfI6pb l497 rj̅ H̅6IMMia Co。blo - BaCIIJIHH. 。 ¥p9"Or"ISPKa" qPHyPOtleIIHOcTb co6Pan", COCTOHB- WQgfI̲UgCJIe26oKTH6pH,mxapaKTepmp@Hmm)f6Mf529pWWWVIWTyll emICKOnaM y"JIOCL BbIPhaTb #II"U "̲IIIO6emaHme̅IicnPaBHTbcmB'My皿eM,HaBoJHTHa WW,LITQcMepTbAHnpeH-co6bITIi"eTLIp6xliETigH瓜aBHOCTIf-nOgWWl9 JIImb nPe"OroM J(JIH Pa3roBOPa b6 U OnaJIbHoM BacIIJIKII, qbR y[iacTb BHymaノIa MIITPOIIOJIHTy ご ggP.e3Hhle OnaW"2 m, BO3Mo>KHO, 6EIJIa na)Ke 6JIII3K3K WpTZAHApeH !08pIIeBMIIo, UepKoBn" EMIIFMM pIITbnJIHBacmJIIizonpcneJIeHHbfrapaHT"'ii̅iiPaE5"755106几B.IIepenHIIH.yKa3.co11.J」&cTP302-303j̲"KHCepご 6MIja.H3"grop!IIipyccKoroJieTornic"fIm皿aXVB.(JIeToHIIbHbInl497 "" r.)­《nRP・JleWmCTOqHIIKoBemlel"TXIM,̅1", "・MF" 3 c"" b eJ"'e na"Mi.W66I(6f;"6fI*」 HIIHKoHUaXVB.­くHcTopmmCCCP>,1964,Nb5""[ Io7 ACSI/I, T・II, JVb 489. !08WW".E"3bnn9"'IHH" IIBaH, m o pacKpb'TMeM 3a!、OBOpa かモ W|"#"4,I:̲ W""" ""i n i,,""MXMWf し yM}IIJIX apl、Y"!". BJ"""oW, [ITo qIMoH 11 mpyrme "Uel)KoBIime |IIel)al)XI1 BI」ICTylIIIJIII C 3a山}IToii ryceBa,CTpoMwJIcEalInpoLIHx vIIa・・ "m": ::ROB" 。IW: 2 q̅e P e n H Ii1L yK"- ","'、' j、 "f99-Z299,̲aO2-303LaJo̲MHblmEri6i4e":Ⅲ兄C. JIypbe 4:Ka3aKoBj] (H I・IeJI,IIcI10J1b3y兄Ha6JIIo且eHHH C:̲JIy"5・yKa3. H !I M"HIA̲g]1)pF neb"II6MN-のeⅢ6oK1., LIepenlIHHa,roBopHT b c'rp. 201)"I, roBPpHT LIepqi"Ha, MEWW3 ouepKoBHoM ."""HI!" co660pe, cnac山eW m BacIIJIIIIo (J.Fenne'll̅6P:̅c7f, p.337,Jote2,350-351).H4MTo>Kenpe"TaB"eTc",urdiMM」 ¥YT"PmMoHOM allaJIOr" c A"peeM y"nMI・"igKa6; bMME Ha 3aUHTy nepKoBbIo K"3flBac"II兜HBaHoBI,IIIa,IIeMPmPBblx3ar O B O D 皿 H KO B . 100
>KI皿a (B mepHe-ropoAKe mJII! nPyroM MecTe) . rlOrocT nPy>KKII HBJIHJICH, BePOFITHO, MIITPOHOJIルI1IbIIM BJIaleHHeM. B rpaMoTe l504 r. MIITponoJIHTy CIIMoHy ynoMI'IHaeTc只瓜epeBHH f<B npy>KKy)D B MocKoBcKoM ye3ne l09. CynH no apxI1BHoii cyjlb6e rpaMoTbl l498 r., nepKoBb HIIKoJIbl B npy>KKax 6blJIa MIITDoHoJIHIIbeit. 農 HTaK, nOna'B B IIeMHJIOCTb, OTCTyⅡHBHa 3a八H1戒 ⅡJIaH, BacIIJIHii Bce >Ke npoIoJDKaJI coxpallHTb llGKoTopoe noJIHTHIIecKoe 3Ha[IeHI1e. OqeBI皿Ho, oHo IoJDKHo 6blJI0 VBe@mlIIIHB aTbCH、no MePe yMeHbmeHIIH BJIIIHHIIH JMHTP". KaKoBbI >Ke npH[IHHbl naneHHH peaJIbHoii BJIacTII nMIITp'硯? : y>Ke nOcJIe OKoHLIaTeJIbHOro IIII3JIO>KeHI畑ⅡM HTP I1fl - BHyKa B 1502 r. HBaH III B HaKa3ax cBoIIM nocJIaM npenJIaraJI naBaTb cJIenyIo皿He O6'MIcIIeHIIH OTcTaBKHnMIITpHH:<…KoTOPOi CbIH OTny CJIy>KHT II HOPOBHT, HHO OTeU TOrO 60JIe H U >KaJIyeT; a KOTOPOH CbIH PO皿ITeJIeM He cJIy>KIIT Ii He HOPo- BHT, IIHo Toro 3a IITo >KaJIoBaTH" (1503 r.) ]10; <<BHyKa 6blJI CBOero rOcynaPb Ha皿 no)KaJIoBaJI, H OH yIIFIJI rocyXaPlO HameMy rPy61ITII: IIHo Benb BCHIKOii >KaJIyeT JJTH, KO|TOPOe PoIIITeJIeM HOPOBIJT II cJIy>KIIT; a KoToPO前He HOPOBHT, Xa emerpy6HT,HHo Toro3aIITo〉KaJIoBaTH”(l504r)!Ⅲ B o6elIx HHCTpyKUHHx HMeIoTcH B BHIy KaKIIe-To pa3MoJIBKPI BeJIHKOrO KHH3fl c BHyKOM, HenOBHHOBeHIfe nOCJIenHerO. CKoPee Bcero, 3TII npoTHBoPeIIIIH Bo311IIKJIII yJKe B 1498 r., Korma nMHTpIIik yIIacTBoBaJI Bo BHyTpeHHeM ynpaBJIeHHm. Ero nonblTKa npHcBoIITb ce6e TIITyJI BeJIIIKoro KHH- 3HくBceH PycI" nPoJIIIBaeT cBeT Ha xaPaKTeP KoH*JIIIKTa Me>Kmy nen(oM II BHyKoM. Bo3Mo>KHo, nonycK K BJIacTH aHTIIyneJIbHo HacTPoeHHoro nMHTPlIFI B yCJIoBHHx 。aKTHIIe。 ⑪ C KO H H e H 3 > K I I T O C T I I y n e J I b H O I I C I 1 C T G M b l C 「 I O C O O C T B O B a J I B O 3 - HIIKHOBeHIIIO nJIaHOB Kyna 60JIee OnaCHbIX JJIH HBaHa lll, IIGM yneJIb'Hble nplITH3aHIIH BacHJIIIH. CTopoHIHII'KH且MHTPHFI ­ MorJIH3aMbl皿JIHTb JIHOo nPHMoe oTCTPaHeHHe oT BJIacTH CaMOrO IIBaHa lll, @JIII60 rPaH且mo3Hbl# Pa3neJI I、oCynaPcTBa Ha XBa caMocToFITeJIbHblx BeJIIIKIIx KHH)KecTBa. TeppHTopllaJIbHaH npHyporleHHocTb rpaMoT nMIITpHH H HBaHa lll 1498 r. no3BoJIFIeT JyMaTb, TITo nMHTPHii xoTeJI BKJIIoIIHTb B C(I)ePy cBOerO BJIIIHH" 3eMJIII, 6blB皿IIe B yneJIe IIJIH B Be40McTBe BacHJTIIH, a TaK>Ke HacJIenIcTBo HocJIGIHHx VnleJIbHblx 09 A3HX, 1. I, Nb 70, cTp. 75 10 <C6. PIJO>, T. 35, cTp. 430. 11 TaM >Ke, T. 41, cTp、535. 101
KHFI3eii - BOJIOrOJIcKOrO,6eJIO3ePcKOrOHyrJI皿KOrO(HeT Jmmb nPH3HaKoB nPI'ITH3aH醜 及MHTplIfl Ha TBepcKyIo 3eMJIIo) . TaKII" o6pa3'oM, Ha npaKTIIke <aHTIIyneJibHAH)> neHTeJIbHOcTb nMIITP" CO[IeTa。ノIaCb c y,meJIbHblM (nPH HaJIHⅧHcTaPlnerO BeJIHKOrO KHH3H) cTPeMJIeHIIeM nPlI6PaTb K CBOHM PyKaM nPe)KHHe yneJIbl. U no nPoIIcxo>KneHHIO H xaPaKTePy cBOeii BJIacTH IMHT- plM-BHyK Mo)KeT paccMaTplIBaTbcH KaK npe瓜mecTBeHHHK CIIMeoI-Ia BeK6yJIaToBHIIa, noca>KeHHoro Ha npecToJI IIBaHoM IV B KoHne l575 r. Ho ecJIH且a>Ke B HocJIenHeiI IIeTBePTH XVI B. nofIBJIeHHe BToporo BeJIHKoro KHH3H c o6mepybCKHMHnpeTeH31IHMHTaIIJIoBce6eH3BecTHyloyrpo3yBJIacTH rJI aBeHCTByIO皿erO MOHaPxa, TO He nPHxOnHTCH COMHeBaTb- cH, IITo TaKaH yrpo3a 6blJIa H B KoHUe XV B. 2. Bo3BBImeHIIe KHJIBH BacH入1IH HBaHOBIma II HoBroPogcKaH no入ⅢTIIKa B 1499 r. MLIHeMo>KeMToIIHoXaTHpoBaTbycTpaHeHHenMIITpHH OT neJI BHyTPeHHerO ynPaBJIGHI畑.OHo PIMeJIo MecTo, Bo BcHKoM cJIyIIae, nocJIe ceHTH6pH 1498 r. '12 naneHIIe BmIHHHH JMHTPHH, nO-B皿HMOMy, nPe且皿eCTBOBaJIo OⅡaJIe HeCKoJIb- KIIx Kpymlblx rocylapcTBeHHblx neHTGJIeik. 31 flHBa" 1499 r. 6bl血cxBa[IeHbl lIBaH IOpbeBH【I naTPHKeeB, erO CbIHOBbH BacIIJIIIii HBaHoBII[I (Kocoii), HBaH MaHblHa II 3HTb HBaHa lOpbeBHIIa - CeMeH HBaHoBIIII PFmoJIoBcKH曲, H3 KOTOpblX HOCJIe皿I1ii 6bIJI Ka3HeH 5 .eBpaJIH 113mIO.IJ B. H. naTpIIKeeBblx cnacJIo oT Ka3HH JIHmb 3aCTynHII[ieu CTBO MHTPOHOJIHTa: BeJIHKIIH KHFJ3b BeJIeJI HXくⅡOCTPHIIH B >KeJIe3ex> I,I cocJIaJI B 3aToLIGHHe - oTma B TpoHUe-CeprHeB MoHacTblpb, cblHa B KHpMIJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKHii !'4 (IIBaH MaHblHa 6blJI noca>KeH <3a npHcTaBbl> !15) . BOJIbmHHCTBOJIeTOmlCHbIXCBO40BCOO6皿aeTopacnpaBe c PHnoJIoBcKHM H naTpIIKeeBI]IMII 6e3 yKa3aHI1fl KaKIIx''2 rl)aMoTy o pa3TJe34e 3eMeJIb B Be>KGILKoM BepxG oH BbInaJI B 7007 r., T. e. B nel)IIoX Me)KXy ceHTH6peM 1498 II aBrycToM 1499 r. (AC3H, T. I, Nb 619). 113 nCPJI, T. 24, cTp. 214; T. 30, cTp. 139. 114 TaM >Ke, T. 26, cTp. 291; cp. T. 1V, [1. 1, Bbm. 2, cTp. 531; T. VI, cTp. 43, 243; T. VIII, cTp. 236; T. XII, cTp. 248; T. 20, nepBa別ⅡoJIoB冊 Ha, cTp. 368; T. 23, cTp. 196; T. 28, cTp. 331. 115 TaM )Ke, T. 1V, II. 1, Bbln. 2, cTp. 531. BepoflTHo, nonaJT B ona,FIy II A申. naTpIIKeeB (K,B. Ba3HJIeBH[I. yKa3.coII., cTp 370) . 102
q JIII60 11pHIIHH 3Toi oIIaJIbl. B ycTIo>KcKoM JIeToIIHcIIoM cBome (T. 11. ApxaHreJIorop皿cKoM JIeTOIIIIcne) rJIyXO 3aMeIIeHo, [ITO BeJIHKIIii KI-IH3b《noHMaJI B bl3MeHe>> IIBaHa IOpbeBIIIIa, cbIHa ero Bac"" Kocoro II C. I/1.PfmoJIoBcKoro 116. KoH- ueⅡnHflH3MeHblnonpo6Heepa3BHBaeTcHBCTeneHHoiiKHIIre. roBopH, IITo c 21 MapTa l499 r. HBaH III <<HaIIaT JKaJIoBaTH H JIIo61ITH>> BacHJIIIFI II Co巾bIo, CTeneHHafl KHIIra yKa3blU BaeT: B TeqeHHe nPPIMePHo XByx JIeT nP 3TOrO BeJIIIKIM KHH3b HMeJI rHeB Ha >KeHy lI cblHa <HeKOHx Pa瓜HJIIOIbcKblX KPa- MOJI>>; 6ynyqlI B rHeBe Ha HHx, OH HO)KaJIOBaJI BeJIHKIIM KHH- >KeIIHeM nM1ITPlIH-BHyKa, HO HOToM <<IIcnblTa nO叩o6Hy BcFI nPe)Ke6blBmaHKPaMOJIbI,Hx>KePaユHnoBe@meKHH3FICI1- MiIoHa PHnoJToBcKaro Ka3HI1TM cMepTHHM IIoce[IGHHeM. KIIfl3H )Ke I'IBaHa lOpbeBIIIIa lI cblHa ero KHFI3FI BacHJIbH KocoBo nJIH MoqIIeHKFI MI1TPOnoJIIIIIa ll BJIanbIK MIIJI0CTb Han HIIMH cOTBoPII: cMePTII He nPenaCT IIx… Ta >Ke Be@mHKHii KIIH3b o BHyKe cBOeM, BeJImKoM KHfI3e mbMMTPiIH, HePa八eTH I-IalIa...> 117 TaKIIM o6pa30M, 3necb naTpHKeeBbl lI P別nOJIOBCKHit npencTaBJIeHbiBHHoBHIIKaMII6blBmeii̲onaJIIJI"BacIIⅡⅢflH Cb。bIo;Ka3HbPfInoJIoBcKoro!13aToqeHllenaTpmKeeB" COOTBeTCTBeHHO CBH3aHbl C Pea61IJIIITamleii >KGHDI II CblHa IIBaHa lll lI C OnaJIOi Ha nMIITPHH-BHyKa" IH. .M. KapaM3HH, C M. CoJIoBbeB,B. O. KJIIo[IeBcK", I'I. H. CMIIDHoB II B HaqaJ1e 50-x rOnpB A. A. 3HMHH, nplI- HIIMaHBepcIIIoCTeneHHoiiKI-IMrlLc[11ITa&ⅢⅡ且MIITPlWI-BHyKa II rpyⅡnHPOBKy naTPlIKeeBblX - PHnOJIOBCKoTO nPenCTaBIITeJIHMHPeaK|皿IOHHOrO60HPCTBa,nPOTHIBIIBmeroCFIyKPenU JIGHI冊O caMOmeP>KaBHOMI BJIaCTII. HI-ITepecIIbl II y6e"ITeJILIIbl npBo,nLI I'I. Ii. CMHpHoBa B noJIb3y JocToBepHocTII cBI'IneTeJIbcTBa CTeneHHoii KHIIrPI o cBJI3" naTPlIKeeBBIX II PFITIoJToBCKOro c nMHTplIeM-BHyKoM 118. 0皿IaKO Bbl3blBaeT COMHeHIIe yTBeP>KneHレle aBTOpa, IITO PaCnPaBa C naTPPIKeeBblMm II PHnOJIOBCKI1M <<nPenlllecTBOBaJTa OnaJIe...ⅡHMHTpHH>> ''9. EcJIH IIMeTb B B皿yo巾ⅡuHaJ1bnylo onaJIy l 502r., TO 3TO TaK, HO B JIIITePaTyPe He 6blJIo VcTaHoBJIeIIo, IITo K 1499 r. IYpoH3o1llJIo巾aKTH可ecKoe ''6《y,CTIO>KCKIIi JTeTo|IIwI,CHIJIii CBO且》.M・­JI., 1950, cTp. 100; K. B. B a. 3 HJIGB IIKI. yKa3. cotI., cTp. 371; J. Fennel l. Op. cit., p. 338. ll7 nCP几T. 21, BTopaH no。JIoBHHa, cTp. 57|1-572. 118 H.I4. C M H p II o B. KJIaccoBaFI 60pb6a…, CTP、79-80; <<Bonpocb1 11(、・ Topml>, 1952, JYb ll, cTI). 142 1'9くBonpocbl PIcToplI", 1952, Nb l l, cTp、142. 103
ycTPaHeHIie mMHTPHH oT yIIaCTHH B J(eJIax BHyTPeHHerO ynPaBJIeHIIH, II 3To yCTPaHeHIIe, nO Cy皿eCTBy 6JIH3KOe K opaJIe, BepoFITHo, npe瓜mecTBOBaJIIO aPecTy 60HP. Ⅲ.Ⅱ、CMmpHoB BbIcKa3blBaeT MHTePeclioe nPe且ⅡoJIo>Ke- HIIe: <<B xone "HacTHqecKoro KpPI3IIca l497-1502 rr. yne,JIbHoKHFDKGCKIIe KPyrH, OIIGBⅢ且HO, PaccIIHTblBa,JIH Hc- HOJIb30BaTb MaJIoJIeTCTBO BHyKa mBaHa lll, nlIMHTPHH, nJIH 3axBara gJIacTII B cBOH PyKH (B巾OPMe pereHTCTBa H T. ,m.)> 120.BIIoJIHe Bo3Mo>KHo, IITo onpeneJIeHHIme noJIHTHIIeCKIIe KPyrII xOTeJIH IICHoJIb30BaTb UMHTPIIH-BHyKa B CBOIIX neⅡ月x, Ho yneJIbHoKHH>KecKafl HanpaBJIeHHocTb Hx 60pb6bl a B To P O M He nOKa3aHa. HeJIb3fI npH3HaTb apryMeHTmpoBaHHbIM ocHoBHoii Te3Iic H. H. CMIIllHoBa: <<CyTb cTpeMjieHHi rpyⅡⅡIiPoBKH PHnoJIOB CKHXH naTQ"eeBgx:BoCCTaHOBJIeHIIenPe>KHeiiPOJIII ymeJYbHblx KHH3e" l2'. XapaKTepHcTHKa C, H.̅ PHnoJIoEcKoro KalK 6JIH)KHero IIeJIoBeKa AHIpeH yrJIHuIKoro 122 He co3XaeT npaBIIJIbHoro npencTaBJIeHIIH o HeM: HMeHHo C. I'I. PH- nOJIOBCKoMy Be@ノIHKmi KHFI3b nOPyIIIIJI <<nOHMaTH》AHnpeH B 1491 r.123 Be3apryMeHTaUlIHocTaeTcHTaK>KeMHeHHem.II.CMHP- HPPa o "IIqHHax Ho>KaJIoBaHHH BacIIJIHH B MapTe l499 r.: くHBaHIIIHeMOr,"mHeXOTeJI,KOHeqHo,nPoimBOnOcTaBJIHTb ce6R neTHM 60HpcKHM II HbHKaM, "JIHEmHMcH co"u aJIbHOH U onOPoII H aKTIIBHblMH nPoBoXHIIKaMH IoJIIITHKH cTPQmeJILcTBq UeHTPaJIH30BaHIIOro rOCy"PcTBa> 124 B1952r.A.A、3HMHH,BImHBnaTPHKeeBblxIIP兜ⅡoJIoB- CKHX nPOTHBHIIKOB《ueHTPaJIH3'oBaHHoh HoJIHTHKIM H!BaHa III>, 06'bHcHHJI IIx na,meHHe <<He cJIyIIaiiIHblMH BHemHenoJIH- TIIIIecKHMHO6cTOHTeJIbcTBaMH…2̲a60Pb60iiHBaHalllnPoTHB PeakUHOHHorO 60HpCTBa> 125. 3aqIIHaTeJIeM n20TIIBgnOJIIO)KHOii TeHneHUHH B HCTOPHO- rpa"H BbIcTymwI FI C. JIypbe. OH BbIIBIIHyJI Te3Hc o H"ocToBepHocTH noKa3aHIIH CTeneHHo曲KHIIrH KaK IICTOIIHHKa nO3皿ero (Ho CpaBHeHHIo C JIeTOnHcHbIMH cBo"MII, me l29 gBQIpqcbI HcTopli", 1952, M ll, crp l43. W Z I'I C M " H o BKilaccoBaH 60pI;6a"" cTp 81 122 TaM. >Ke(QpMKaHaliH.i ̲ q M.C o JI o bb e B.HcTcpIIHPoccmm, KH3 1, crp l400 - cm!:P M g o U qg b e̲BMcTopIIH Potcmm c npeB」 ""XEpeyeH, KH. 111, JoMa 5-6. MJ96QA cT"3). 123 "yCTIO]KCKHii JIeTOHHCHblii CBO且》, cTp. 98-99; J・Fennell. Op. cit, p. 350, note l. 124<Bonpocbl HcTopmm', 1952, Nb ll, cTp. l43. 125 "CoBeTcKaH KHmra>, 1952, Nb 4, CTp..67. 104
nPHIImHbIOIIaJIbInaTPmKeeBbIx-PfInOJIoBcI<QIWefWKW BalOTCH) HTe皿eH皿03HOro (>KeJIaBmerOyrO皿TbBac皿HIo III)126:w<B6oJIeepaHHIIxJIeToⅡHcFIx(Hanp,nCPJI,T.VI, cTp、43,243)roBopmTcfIToJIbKoo60ⅡaJIeHa PmoJIoBCKof6riInATpIIIteeBbI)fB1499r.-Me>Knym3BecTKeMo69IIalle MCOMHBacIIJIHHIIm3BecTHeMon9MmJIoBaHIMB"Z U JIIIH.-7raK qTO HCcJIenPBaTeJIb, CKJIOHHblII K PaCcy)KnteHIIIO noinpIIHUmmyposthoc-ergopropterhoc,Mo>KeTcBH3bI△ BaTbbnaJIynaTpIIKeeBHxCJIIo6bIMII33TIIxnpoTIIBoHoJIo)KU Hblx co6blTIIii> 127. B sTo曲巾oPMaJIbHO-JIormulecKoH BHKJIgn- KeVnV皿eHo,omaKo,qToMe"yli3BecTmeMo60naJIeBa- CⅢ血ff II Ka3HbIO PHHOJIoBCKoro HMeeTCFI cTaTbH O KOPOHa皿ⅢⅡMIITpHFI-BHyKal28-co6blTHII,BKopHeH3Me▲ HIIBmeM nOJIIITIIIIeCKyIO cIITyaUHIO. ノ CJIeXoBaTeJIbHo,coo6meHHe O60naJIe naTPHKeeBblX - PHnOJIOB|cKoro Hy)KHo PaccMaTPlIBaTb He Me>KXy cTaTbJIMII ④ o6 onaJIeHⅡo)KaJIoBaHIIH BacHJIHH, a Me)Kny cTaTbeH o KopoHaUHH BHVKaHcTaTbeHoⅡo>KaJIoBaHHII BacHJIHH,KaK U 3T6HXeJIaeTH.C.JIyPheBMoHorpa申HH1955r.jHeMeHFIH, o皿aKo, cBOero BblBona l29. KpoMe Toro, B ocHoBe 9Toro CyXmeHIIH H.C. JIypbe JIe)KIIT TeopeTIiIIecKII HenplIeMJIeMaH U nOCblJIKa o 60JIbmei nocTOBePHocTH PaHIIHx IIcToIIHHKOB nO EP3BHeHIIlOcn03nHMMm,xOTHHePenKO"BaeTHHao" P6T-Bce3aBHcIITOTKOHKPeTHOrOcJIyqaH.yMoJIqaHIleBe" TOIKePa3HOBHⅡHOcThTeHXeHUlIo3HocTIIIIHeXoCTOBePHOcTM, U a HMeHHO OHO H cBOiCTBeHHO B naHHOM BOnPOce JIeTOHIIc- HblM cBoXaM, KoTopblM H. C. JIypbe omaeT npg皿oIITeHHe no npliqIIHe IIx 60Jiee paHHero npomcxo>K4eH""Ma", apf6PMie KOcHyncH IICTOIiHIIKOBenqecKIIX gOBOnOB H.CMIIpZ HoBa B HoJIb3V Te3IIca o,瓜OCToBePHOCTII l)aCcMaTPHBaeMor() I I 3 B e c T I I F I CTeneHHoHKHHrH・ H3BecTHH C Te n e H H o i i K H I I r H . PacnpaBa c PRnOJIOBCKIIM II naTPPIKeeBblMH, nOJIaraeT H.C.JIypbe,<<6bmaBbl3BaHa…(nOyTBeP>KneHmlOCaMOro HBaHa lll B IIHCTPyK皿H nOCJIaM) TeM, [ITO naTPHKeeB II PHnOJIOBOKHi, 6ynyIIHⅡocJIaMII B HoJIbme, ,,Bbl'COIKoyMIHIIIIaJIH -瓦eiiCTBoBaJIII BonPeKH yKa3aHHHM BeJIHKorO 6 ʻ ⑮ 126 H. C. JI y p b e. PI3 HcTop" noJIIITHqecKoii 60pE6bI…, cTp. 91, nDHM. 1. 127 Fr. C. JI y p b e. nepBb,e皿eoJIorm…, cTp. 97, npIIM. 2. '28 nCPJI, T. V1, CTP、43. 129HAKa3aKOBa HH.C・JIypbe. yKa3・cou., cTp. 166-167. 105
KHFI3FI...》130. IIHcTpyKUl畑ⅡOcJIaM 0"HaKo B <<BblCoKOyMIIe>> B HnaTPIIKeeBa n C HPFIhOJiOBCKOrO BbBEER̅M5Ef BaeTcFI onaJIoII HaHHx HHxB1499r、131 B 1499 r BaeTcH cconaJIoHHa KPOMe TOrO, HeHC'HO, 3a [ITo HocTpanlaJIH Ii. 10. naTpHKeeB II bro cblH IIBaH Ma」 XblW,MfnPmqaCTHbleK"jlJIgMaTIIqecKOMy<<BblOOKOyMIIIO》 B H naTpliKeeBa li C m PHno"oRcKOr6, aFEEMMi onaJI"bIx HBJIHJIcH cKopee Bcero cTapbli H . 10. naTDH曇 KeeB I32. 。 CoI、JIacHoH.CJIypbe,naTplIKeeBblHeToJIbKoHeITMeJIII HHKaKoji HmeiHO-noJIHTIIIIeCKOii o6 HHKaKoHH瓜e伽O-noJIHTm[IeCKOho6皿HoCTII cTOPOHHHKa・ CO MHEJIeHbl-ⅡMIITPMIH、(HanpHMep,・Kyp皿blHblM)133,HO cKOPeena>Ke6bIJIH6JIIi3KIiKrPynn!叩oBKeCo。bH-BacIIJmH: aBTOP CIIIITaeT, qTO《nepBblM 4eJIoM BacHJIIIH PIBaHoBHIIa no BcTylIJeHIM ero IIa npecToJI 6blJIo ocBo60丞旦eHHe H Bo3BbluleHIie BacmJI" (BacCIiaHa) naTpHKeeBa)> 1"noU cJIemHIIH gpryMeHT enBa JIII y6e"TeJIeH. no MHeHHIo IIccJIe⑪ noBaTeJIeir, OCBO60>KneHIIeHⅡpl,I6JIIDKeHHe BacIIJIHeM III BImaTPmKeCBanPOm30UjOliePambme6MEMRIMbi IIeIHHH ,6bl'Bmero conep'HHKa Ba,cHJIHfl lll-且MIITPHH-BHyKa , Te nocJIe l4 .eBpaJIFI 1509 rl35 E̲UgJIQM "IIIrn" FI C JIypbe naeT KaK 6bl "Ba pe- "IHHBonpoca:l)̲ naTpHKee"= cTopoHHHKmpeakUm6H⑪ I-IoH rpynnHpOgKII BacI1JI"; 2) naTplikeeBbl HojIHT"ecKII KenTpaJIbHbl. B o6QMx IIeHTpaJIbHbl・B o60Hx cJIyqaHX cJIy【IaHxoTpiiUaeTcH oT”ⅡaeTcR Hx Kx cBH3b c uMIITpHeM-BHyKoM. HII o皿o II33THxpemeHHii Hey6enlIU reJIbHO・ BoTJIIIIIHeoTg.C.J1ypbe,几B.qepenHIIHnpHHHMaeT o6bHCHeH" CIPneHHOik KIMrIIB TOi uac+m, rmMTMM: BaeWI cBfI3b naTPliKeeBblx rPynnHPOBKOhⅡMIITPIIH-BHyc naTpHKeeBbl Ka: <<no旦瓜eP>KI1BaJIH KaH瓜ⅢユaTyPy Be,JIIIKoHa KHH>KecKIIM CTOJI BHyKa l/IBaHa lll-ⅡMHTPHH HBaHOBHIla, npOTIIBoHocTaBJ1HFI nOCJIe皿erO BgCIIJ1HIO HBaHOBIiqy (6y,my= 皿EM)<¥¥acmJIIIIO IP naUeHIle nMIITP" Ii nePenafla、 IHHoM III cHaqaJIa HOBroponcKorb iI nck6BEK6f5""<M凡 !3。3̲C"JI>'Rb9;H3!IcTOI)IIMJoU"IIlecKoh6Opb6b!…,cTp.91, nplJM.l;H、AXa3aKQBa l!HCJIyPbe・yKa3. COq., cTP. 168. W fC6.PHO>, T. 35, crp. 428. W gp̲JfennellOjcit, p359 133H.A・Ka3aKoBa HH.C、・JIypbe・yKa3.coKI.,cTp.168. 叩ⅡOmIT;IIIGCKOii WʻnoBIIHa.M., '35E・roJTV6H HcKHii、HcTopⅢRl〕yccKoH 60Pb6bl'3・ "op''。 pymi̅M"fi m,M、K !m6 EI.9" iiUepKBH,T・ʼ1,nepBaHnoM rMX,”M、1. 1900, cTP. 654, .nPIINi.1 ; H、A. I< a 3 aKo B a. ̅BaccIIal.I U naTpmKeeBHeroco[mileH"M:-J1""1960,W53r56: 106
a3aTeM BeJIHKoKHH)KecKorocToJIa cBoeMycbIHyBacHJIHIo Bbl3BaJIa B l499 r. onaJIy Ha naTpHKeeBblxHHX POHCTBeH- MMEM5H̅CEMeHaHBiHoBli[lap"OJIOBcKOro'!3QJPIIBO- 皿巾aKTbl cJIy>Ke6Hoi 6Horpa巾皿naTPHKeeBblx PflnoJIOBII CKOrO,几B̅qepenHKHBnoJIHeo60cHoBaHHoroBopHT,JIT9 3THⅡeHTeJIH, nPIIHanJIe)KaBmIIeくK CTaPOMy MOCKOBCKOMy 60HPcTBy, TecHo CBFI3aHIIOMy BeJIIIKOKHR】KeCKHM c IBOPOM>>, nochenp"TeJIbHo |60po皿Cb <Ha CToPOHe BeJIHKOKHH>KeCIKOII U U BJIacTHⅡPOTHB OⅡnO3皿ⅡⅢ,皿emmeii 0meJIbHblX lI3 。eOnaJIb- Hblx UeHfpoB)> 137. ABTop BblcKa3hlBaen̲ITpe瓜ⅡOJIo>KeHIIe o6 V""̅TiarpIIKeeBbIxEcocTaBJIeHHIICyme6HHKa l497。n.Ⅲ C可HMMMMiMbfHia 3TOM̲3IanehPOrPeCCMBHOii !3a 学 B"Ma "ITepecHa nonbrTKaJm B. qepemimHa yc"HoB" 6JIH30cTbnaTpliKeeBblxK・KypHublHy:《のenoPKyplIUblH ⅡpHHIIMaJI yqacTIie o。oPMJIeHI1I1̲Fe¥̲loP皿HIIecKKx B aKTOB, KoToPbIecOBePmamIcbbbeXoMam.10.IIB.H・naTPHKeeBblx. TaK, oHnHCaJI MeHOBHylO II OTBOnHylO rPaMOTy Ha 6blBIⅡHeTBePcKmeBoJIocmbyiirOpg瓜HKoJInb, npoMe]flellHble IIBaHOM III enPPyHmBaHy BOPHCOBHqaM BOJIQnKliM, OTBoI coBePmaJIcFI nplIcyTcTBIImⅡaTPIIKeeBblx>, B 139.3a- MeTIIM,[ITO̅nPOMeHTBePCKKX MeTHM,[ITOⅡPOMeH TBePCKHX BOJIocTeiI BOJIocTeHcOcToHJIcH cOcTpHJIcF BHIQJIe HIoJIe B U ⑪ l497 r.m, BePoHTHo, 6bIJI cBH3aH c nOWITKoII HemTpaJIji39r ○ BaTb TepPmTbpmaJIbHbIe npmTH3aHIIH BacliJIIIH B paIIoHC TBepcKoii3eM、ⅡⅢ.3TanOJIHTIIqeCKaHaKUHHMOrJIaHCXOIHTb ム ユ u oT6TopoHHIIKoBJMIITpliH-BIIyKano3ToMyTpy皿ocomacP'Tb|cFI c H. C. JIypbeHn>K. ・eIIHeJIoM, KOToPble, Bo3Pa>Kafl )rg.[Teijen"H7,'paccMaTpHBal9120TpynHwIecTBonaTpIKeeBbIXH①.KypHnblHaBIIIoJIel497r.KaKnpocToeBblHoJI- HeHI1e cJIy*e61iI;Ix o6HaaHHocTeih !4q iMMhameHHH mMHTPmfI-BHyKa, naTPmKeeBblx IEa- noJIoBcKoro JI. B. IJepenHHII H皿eT B Ii3MeHeHHH BHemHeⅡo- JIIITHKIecKoiho6cTaHoBKII.OHmimeT:《…OnaJIaHanMIITPHfI II EJIeHy CTe。aHoBHy 6blJIa Bbl3BaHa He>KeJIaHI1eM oTLla EJIeHbI -Z CTejaHa pa3pblBaTb Mo皿aBCKO-JIHTOBCKHe OTHO- meHI1H H BCTyflaTb BBOimy nPQTHB JIHrQBCKOrO rOCyXaPCTBa Ha cTOPOHe IノIBaHa lll>> 141. Ha 3To I-lepenHIIIIy Bo3pa3IIJI 13t JI.B.LIepenHHH・yKa3. coII., '1. 2, cTp. 306. 137 TaM ]Ke, cTp. 307-308, 314-315. 138 TaM >Ke, cTp. 318. 139TaM>I<e,CTP、313-314;且ⅢⅡr,NI)85. '40rrAI<ajaKoRa mH.C.JIyl)be・yKa3. COII., CTP・168; J. Fenne11. 0p・cit., p. 349, note 2. l4l几EII6p ei# IIH. yKa3. coq., [L 2, cTF. 316. 107
①eHHeJI: HHBape B l499 r.eme He 6blJIo HIIKaKIIx nPll31IaKOB ¥WWaMH̲̲PT"alla BCTynmTb B "iriip6MjiMf WWlIL BIM.le Y"uMW"・"5'CM#; c"X" U caHaPqji g aBrycTe l499 r.) 142 qepgjHIIH B JI cBH3bIBdeT Mexmy co60ii TaKme巾a KTbl, W"MIW.hP"eeBbIx II E"n。Jf6MM iriMM;」 JIe:WWW"̲u"opoma g nE""MIM MM;: 3)9)̲9m2aBKa 99COJIbCTfa JTIIWEM皿Q)KeHHeM E f<He Hy- nHTb>E、ノ",W"9W"4T94'iwecTM4)"5M5̅pytFW :JIWW3 JIHTB6! PM BeJIbCKOfd, 6XM'MM u M MueMHIIIIJIa !"" AHTK"T6EMMiMMM U U eW JWWli"2"BIM He BbI3bIBaeT COMHbH", ̅"65 HceHce¥、xaPaKTePXByxnePBbIx ge4""aJIoEaHIIH、BacmJIII" HoBropomoM ncKoBoM !! :WWonFoWmapcT"-I&CMMMMM皿eIIBOHHblC JIIITBO"'" yIIa6THe naTPIMeFMWHnOJIOBCKOrO B ne- 几 B・IMFPWMWU" "yKpe'I"iir mIMI f "FMi P J ⑪ 。 2"29"M"QBUaMH B nepBoii noJIoBmHe 90EXm5BMT WW̲̲9gHoBaHmen(JIH̲FbIBona,qTo3TI'BeJIEMMMM U 。 :IWWWIWa c JImTBoih: <OHm, KaK Mo>kmiyIM: 66blJIIinpoT" nPHeMaTJJa MocKoBGKyfo cJIy>K6y KHHgeii-3MM: U rp aHTOB­Ⅱ""QB meMHKII II PIBAHa Mo>KAMM=1M U >KeJIaJIH,uTo6bl H3-3a3TIIx K”3e曲Bo3HHKaJI KoH巾JIHKT c JIHTJIHTBo#B1499r.>>145 U epemmiHy, B "ohoIWWW"ejia=cBH3b IWM̲""" naTpliKeeBblx cormacHo JIHMeJIa cBH3b HaMGIIaB皿eHcH c!iaiIEIiaiiMMMW" 6pyccKo-JIHToBcKOM BOIIHOII>: oHaく6blJIa Bbl3BaHa lIx OnⅡO3IiUlfeII MOCKOB。 ⑪ ⑪ U 句 j "My nPapmTeJI¥TBy nO BonPOcy Heo6xo且HMQCTH O BCTyn" 4gWI B Bo"y c JIHToBCKIIM rOcyjaPcTBOM<<naTPHKeeBbl JIeHHHB'BoHHyʻcJIHToBCKHMrOcy皿aPcTBOM...>. nPIIHan"e)KaJIII K napTHII EJIellb! CTfe巾aHOBI-Ibl, BblcKa3blBaBU U meHc月nPoTHB BoIMHbl c JIHTBo" 146 O6もRWWe̲""̲nMMTp"-BHyKa naTpIIKeeBblx !I HCKJIIOIIIITeJIbHO nePeMeHaMH BO̅BHemlfeHnOJIHTI'IKG nPentHe U WiWWUige9nblBalomliM !{ BnoJIHe y6e1HTeJIbHblM. IPyAHO npKa3aTb baKT no皿ep>KKIf rpynⅡHpoBKoh Co。bH -BacmJIIifI nJIaHoB EoihHb! cnfTE5ルI, CTOPOHHHKaMⅡ且MHTa b U 142J.Fennel1.9"iX,p,""qPmO",f35,crp28LnpaBUa, XH:K:2WW AJe I Kca皿poMHCTe中aAMM"ewWJWaIMWMM:" HoM(<C6p . HO》T ,3 , 5c , Tp、276)・ B.qebenHIIH・yKa3. J."144 TaM >Ke. COW., 11.2, cTp、315. 145TaM氷e,cTp.318-319. '46 TaM )Ke, cTP. 315-31a 108
I)11;i-BHyKa-TGImeHHIIGiIMIIPIIOrOyPCryJIHPOBaHHfI147.CoMHIITeJIbHbI II HeKOTOPble (IaCTHble aPryMellTbl, nPe>Kne BCerO IIPegnOJIOJKeHIIe O cOIIPOTIIBJIeHI畑 naTPlIKeeBblx nePexOmy IIIPMH[IHqa H叩.y>Ke eHHeJI HoJ'IepKHyJI,ITo meMHIIHII II Mo>KaiicK嘘nepemJIII Ha cTopoHy MocKBbl ToJIbKo IIepe3 l 5 MecImeB nocJIe apecTa 6oHp l48. Bo B3rJIHnax K. B. Ba3HJIeBHIIa Ha onaJIy l499 r. Mbl Ha- XO皿1M, c OJHOA CToPoHbl, BblcKa3aHHoe.几B. IIepenHHHblM npen<cTaBJIeHme o naTplIKeeBblx KaK BepHblx cHoJBII>KHHKax MOCKOBCKIIx BeJIIIKIIx KHH3ei, HO nPOTHBHIIKax BOiiHbl c JIHTBoii 149, c npyroi cTopoHEI,- BblJBI1HyToe B Pa60Tax H. C. JIypbe MHellHe o TIelocToBepHocTII BepcHII CTeneHHoih KHIIrM oTIIocHTeJIbHo 60pb6bl Me>K4y naTpHKeeBblMH II rpyn- ⅡHpoBKoM Co*bH-BacRJIIIH 150. nepeHocH BcIo nPo6JIeMy Bo BHemHenoJIIITHIIecKyIo nJIocKocTb, K. B・Ba3HJIeBHII ycMaTpHBaeT B pacnpaBe l499 r. nponpJI>KeHHe Ka3Heii l497 r., HMeB皿ee UeiJIblO cJIoMHTb nO KOHna《cymeCTBOBaBmylOB o6JIacTH BHemHeii noJIHTIIKII oⅡnO3I皿HIo> 151. nocKoJIbKV K. B. Ba3HJIeBIIII coeⅡmHHeT co6blTHH l497 H 1499 rr. B onHV JIIIHIMIo, oH 。aKTII[IeCKH cJIenyeT皿ee H. C. JIypbe o ToM, IITO II 3arOBOP皿HKII 1497 r. II naTPHKeeBbl HrPaJIII Ha PyKy くIIapTIM> Co巾bⅢ­B acHJIHH. K. B. Ba3wIeBHII o6paTIIJI BHIIMaHI'Ie Ha cJIenylo皿eeH3BecTIie. BoJIoro,mcKo-nepMcKaH JIeTonHCb nOcJIe PaccKa3a o6 onaJIe naTpHKeeBblx H Ka3HH C. H. PFIHoJIoBcKoro coo6皿a­ eT:くToro )Ke JIeTa '52, anpeJIH, noIIMaJI KHH3b BeJIHK" HBaH BacHJIbeBMIII KHH3H BacIIJIbH PoMoAaHoBcKoro ma OHnPeH Kopo60Ba T。epHTHHa>> 153. Ba3IIJIeBII[[ o6be"IHHeT onaJIy naTpIIKeeBbIx, Ka3Hb PFIHOJIoBcKOro, aPecT POMonaHoBcKOrO II Kopo60Ba B onHo neJIo, cIIPITafI cBH3ylomHM 3BeHoM o6elIx PacnPaB nPHqacTHOcTb Bcex 3THx JIHⅡK cHOmeHHHM C JIHTBOii・Ho aBTop Ho cy皿ecTBy onpoBepraeT ce6H cBoHM Ha6JIIOXeHIIeM O TOM, IITO PHnOJIOBcK噸 H naTPHKeeBbl B l・47 J・Fennell. Op. cit., p、360 . 148 1bidem. l49 '50 l51 l52 KB・B a 3 II .II e B H q. yKa3. coII., cTp. 372-373. TaM )Ke, cTp. 371, 375. TaM >Ke, cTp. 370. Bce aTM巾aKTbl B BoJIoroIcKo-nepMcKoii JIeToHIIcII II3JIojKeHbI HoJI 7006 ( 1498) |r., BcJIeX 3a KpaTKHM coo6皿eHHeM O KCPOHa"II JMIITP}IH-BHy'<a. 153 nCPJI, T. 26, cTp. 291; I<、B・B a 3 H JI e B II q. yK33. coII., cTp. 370­ 371. 109
l496-1498 rr. <<HIIKaKoro yIIacTHH B neper()Bopax c JIIIToB- UaMI1 60JIbme y)Ke He npIIHHMaJIII> 154. no cnpaBeIJIHBoMy 3aMe[IaHHIoH.Ⅲ、CMIIpHoBa, pacnpaBa l499 E (rlepe3 5 JIeT HocJIe neperoBopoB) He MOrJIa FIBHTbcH Kapoi 3a Hx <<BblcoKoyMIIHIIaHbe), 155. KaK yKa3blBaeT eHHeJI, MHeHIIe O nPIIMIIpeHIIecKIIx TeHn<eHUmflx H. I0. naTpHKeeBa B oTHo皿eHIHI JTHTBbl HeJIb3FI BblBecTHm3 TOrO巾aKTa, 'ITo 3a6epe3HHcKI1ii H Pan31IBIIJI Bbl6paJIII ero JIJI別ⅡeperoBopoB B 1492 r.: npocTo oH HBJIflJIcH cTapmmM 60HpIIHoM II no3ToMy 6bm HalI60JIee cnoco6eHnOBJIHHTb Ha cBoero rocynapH; KoJIJIera H. 10. naTpIIKeeBa HKoB 3axapbIIH, K KoTopoMy 3a6epe3IIHcKHi II PanBIIBIIJI To)Ke o6pamaJIHcb, He To"bKo nepe>KIIJI qPIcTKy l499 r., HoHⅡpoloJI>KaJI BGcTH aHaJIorHIIHylo KOPPecnoH八eHnHIo B 1501 r.­HcHoBa c 3a6epe3HHcKHM; ccblJIKa HBaHa lll Ha <<BblcoKoVMHe)P C. m. PHnoJIoBcKoro H B. H. naTpHKeeBa, oIIeB皿'iO, He IIMeeT IIII[IerO O6皿erO C IIX <II3MeHOi> HJIHⅡpHIII,IHoii HaKa3allHH B 1499 r・II OTHOCI1TCjl, CKOPee BCerO, K KaKOMy-JIH60 IIaCTHOMy cJIy[lalo: 1 ) oHa "eTcfl B KOHTeKcTe, rne nocJIaM 3anpemaeTCH nHTb CJIIimKOM MHOrO H 6eCIIecTIITb CBOero ro- cynapH; 2) B Heii He ynoMHHyT naTpHKeeB-cTapmllit,可囲 BHHa B 1499 r. 6blJIa, no-BH八HMOMy, Ta >Ke, IITO H CblHa; 3) B cJIyIIae, ecJIH 6bl B H. naTpIIKEeB II C HPfmoJIoBcKIIii coBepmHJIH 60JIbmyIo noJIHTIIIIecKylo omH6Ky B l494 r., oHII enBa JIH 6blJIII 6bl Ha3HaIIeHbl BoeBOnaMII -­ⅡePBblM B HHJIFIII皿Io 3HMoji 1495/96 r., BTopoカーB Ka3allb B 1496 r.156 O KoHKPeTHohⅡpHIII1He apecTa PoMo"HoBcKoro II Kopo60Ba K. B Ba3HJfeBIIII BbIcka3bIBaeTcFIEecbMa rIInoTefli'IeCKH :くI/i3pecTHo, IITo B KoIIUe XV B. TBepcKIie KynublIIacTo nocemaJIHBWIbHonoTOproBblMXeJIaM.Bo3Mo)Kilo,LITonpH nocpenlcTBe AHppeH Kopo60Ba Bac"" PoMoXaHoBcK" JIHqHo IIJIIj no nopyqeHIIIo BEJIHKo* "HrnHm Co。bli no"ep- >KHBaJI TaihHble cHoIneHIIH c EJIeHo曲HBaHOBHOii, IITO II MOI、JIO IIOCJIy)KHTb HenOCPe4CTBGHHblM HOBO,nPM K apecTy KHH3H Bacル皿HHPoMonaHoBcKoroHA皿peHKopo60Bfi),157:BcTaeT Bonpoc, no'IeMy B. PoMoIaHoBcK" 6blJI apecToBaH <<IIepe3 HeCKoJIbKO MeCHUe」B noCJIe erO BO3BpameHWI B MOCKBV>>. 154 I<. B Ba3IIJleBIIq. yKa3・̲CoII,, cTp. 373. 3To npoTIIBopeIII1e B cxellp aBTopa OTMeTHJI y>KG H. H. CMwpHoB (<<Bonpo"I 1{cTOpw:', 1952, Nb ll, cTp. 142) 55 1 《BgnpocbI HCTopm", 1952, Nb ll, cTp 56 1 J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 358-359. 57 1 l42-143. K. B. Ba31IJIeBIIu・yKa3. coII., cTp. 373-374. 110
TaKHM o6pa30M, K、B・6a3IWIeBHIIy He y4aJIOCb JIOKa3aTb, IITo onaJIa naTpHKeeBblx H Ka3Hb PHnoJIoBcKoro, c oIHo# cToPoHbl, II noHMKa PoMo,naHoBcKoro II Kopo60Ba,̲ c npyroit; 6bIJIH pacnpaBaMIi no onHoMy H ToMy >Ke XeJIy OcTaJIcH p HenPKa3aHHblM H erO rJIaBHblII Te3IIc - o cBfl31I HaKa3aHIifl rpynⅡbl naTpHKeeBblx - PJInoJIoBcKoro HcKJIIoHIITeJIbHo c BHemHenOJIIITIIIIecKIIMII nPo6JIeMaMH H o6 0TCyTCTBIM cBH3H Me>K4y aTOii PacnPaBOiH瓜HHaCTHIIGCKIIM KPH3HCOM: ユンK. eHHeJI HoIomeJI K H3y[IGHIIIo npo6JIeMbl c 60JIbmoii IIcTOIIHIIKOBenlxlecKOil CTPOrOcTblO. no erO MHellHIO, B HcTOII一 HIJKaX HeT naHHblX, CBH瓜eTeJILCTBylo皿Ⅲx, IITo aPecT DOHP 6bm npHMo cBH3aH c瓜HHaCTH[IeCKI'1M KPm3HCOM; e皿e MeHbme OCHOBaH砿及yMaTb, IITO K 3ToMy MMeJIH OTHOmeHMIe BOnPoCbl BHe皿HehⅡoJIIITIIKH, a HMeHHo, IITo naTpHKeeBbl IIJIII PHHOJIOBCK" BO3Pa>KaJIH nPOTHB HJIaHOB BOiiHbl C JIIITBOi IMH nPoTHB HaMePeHIIH HBaHa lll nPIIHfITb BO3MO>KHblx nePe6e>KIIHKoB (meMHIIHIIa li np) 158 ①ellHeJI oTBepraeT HoKa3aTeJIbcTBa H. Ii. CM叩HoBaH 几B. LIepenHIIHa B HoJIb3y MHeHI1fl o naTpHKeeBblx II PHHoノIoBCKoM KaK CTOPOHHHKax nMIITPwI-BIIyKa, nplIBO皿Tpll apryMeHTa, KoTopble Mbl y>Ke BcTPeLIaJIII y fI. C. JIypbe MI KO|TOPble HeJIb3H nPII3HaTb 6e3ynPeIIHblMH HII C TOIIKII 3,PeI - I H F I T G KC T O J I O r H I I e C KO r O a H a J I H 3 a J I e T O I I I I C H b l X C B O I O B , l ・ I H C 。 。 一 ToIIKI1 3PeHHH aHa,JIPI3a KoHKPeTHOH HcTOPIIqecKoH ODcTaHOB- Km l497-1499 rm: l) IM3 HocJIenPBaTeJ1bHocTH co6blTllii onacHo XeJIaTb KaKHe-JIH60 BblBoXbl; 2) CTeneHHaFI KHHra U HenPCTOBePHa KaK,no3nHIM ⑥ H TeHneHuHO3HblII HCTO'IHIIK; 3) KoJ'J'erHno npo。eccHH(naTpHKeeBb[ m emop KypmUblH) - He o6H3aTeJIbHo IIoJIHTII[IecKIJe napTHepbl 159. nO3HTIIBHaH CTOPOHa KOHUeⅡ皿IⅢ ①eHHeJIa cOCTOHT B p a3BIITHHMeJIbKOM 6pOmel皿Oii B Pa60Tax JIyPbe H IIeBblCKa3aIIHOih Ba3IIJIGBIILIeM (xOTH H BblTeKaIO皿eII II3 erO nOCTPOeHmH) l14eH o 6JII130cTII IIHTepecoB rpynnbl naTpIIKeeBblx P flnOJIOBCKOTOH《IIapTHII)> CoqJbH-BacIIJIIffI. CIIHTaH y6eJJITeJIbllblM MHeHHe几B. LIepenHIIHa oTHocHTeJIbllo MHoroJleTHero coTpynHHIIecTBa naTPHKeeBblx H PHnoJIoBcKoTo c ○ 一 BeJIIIKo"H)KecKOII BJIacTblo B ee OOPbOe c yneJIbHblMII KHH3bflMH, aBToP TeM He MeHee noJIaraeT, IITo II3 3TOro Ha- 6JIIoneHHH BoBce He o6H3aTeJIbHo HoJDKeH cJIenpBaTb Bbl- 〆 Bo", OymTO 'Ha3BaHHble BeJIbMo]KH HBJIHJIHCb cToPoHHPIKaMH 'FE J.Fennel1.0p. ci,t., p. 351 159 1bid., l). 349. 111
caMOnep>KaBIIoro nPaBJIellHH II nPoTIIBHHKaMH <(beo"JIBHOrO CenaPaTH3Ma>, 160. n"6JIII>KeHIIe BaccmaHa naTpHKeeBa Ko "opy Bacm- nHH III B XVI B・II 3acTynHHIIecTBo 3a naTpHKeeBblx MIITpoHoJIHTa CIIMoHa B 1499 r.- BoT 。aKTbl, KoTopblMH aBTop cTPeMHTCH IOKa3aTb Ha皿IIIHe cIIMnaTHit Co。bH II BacHJIHH K rpyⅡne naTpl'IKeeBblx - PHHoJIoBcKoro 161. O6a 3TH apryMeHTa MaJIo y6emiTeJIbHbl. CoMHIITeJIbHocTb nepBoro 6blJIa ⅡoKa3aHa Bbl皿e, nPII PaCCMOTPeHHH TOIIKH 3PeHH免 H. C. JIypbe. Hano yIIHTblBaTb KoMnpoMIIccHocTb no3ImHH MHTpoHoJIHTa CHMoHa・OH He ToJIblmo 3amHmaJI oⅡaJIbHblx B l499 H, Bo3Mo>KHo, B l497 rr., Ho II caIHKUHoHIIpoBaJI KopoHa皿Io HMHTpHfl-BHyKa B l498 r. II ceKyJIHpH3aUIIIo llepKoBHblx '3eMeJIb B HoBropo,me B 1499-1500 rr. 3To H|e Ta巾HryPa, HoBeXeHHe KOToPoii MoMo 6bl 6blTb IIeTKIIM KpHTePHeM ,UJIH oIIo3HaHHH BHoJI|He on,PeXeJIeH|Hoii nOJIHTIIIIec|Koit JIHHHH 162. naJIee eHHeJI BcJI" 3a Ba3IIJIeBHIIeM O6beXHHfleT B o瓜Ⅱo XeJIo onaJIy naTpHKeeBblx - PHHoJIoBcKoro Ii apecT PoMOnaHoBCKOro:<<JonyCKaH,[ITOPoMOXaHOBcKIIi6blJIaPeCToBaH no Toii >Ke nPHIIIIHe, IITOH旦Pyrme 60HPe, MbI MO>KeM yKa3aTb Ha eme '60JIee TecHble cBH3H Me班只y ,,60Hpc|Koii U ( d rpyⅡⅡOH.. B UeJIOM II naPTHeh…, Bo3rJIa'BJIHeMIoii BacIIJIHeM II Co。be", H6o B. B. PoMo"|HoBcK嘘,n(o CBOeh皿皿oMaTHIIe- "oh cJIy>K6bI 6blJI cTapmHM 60HpHHoM ynleJIbHoro KHH3fI MHxaIIJIaA皿PeeBIIIIaBepe曲cKoro,cKoTopblMCo。bFIHMeJIa TecHblji nOJIIITHIIecKIIit KOHTaKT.《ⅡOJIHTH[IeCKHe CKJIOH- HOCTH 60Hp coBnanaJIII c noJIHTIIIIecKIIMH cKJIoHHoCTHMII Co。bII H BacHJIIifI> 163. OTcyTcTBHe cBFI3H Me>Kly AByMH onaJIaMII eHHeJI cqHTaeT MaJIO BePOHTHblM, TaK KaK, BO-nePBblx, HO cBoe曲只ImJIo- MaTHIIeCKOA CJIy)K6e POMOnaHOBCKIIii 6blJI 6JIH3KHM KOJIJIe- roii naTpHKeeBbIx H PHIIoJIoBcKoro, Bo-BTopblx, PoMoJIaHoB- CKHiiH。PflnOIIOBCKImHaIQ1H皿ICbBPO4CTBe, nPHHa"JIe>Ka KO皿oii H Toii >Ke BeTBII PIoPHKOBPIIIeit. noBoIbl aBToPa Ka>KyTCH I・IaM JIIImeHHblMH IOKa3aTeJIbHOih CHJII]I. POMO八aHoB- cKliiinpo八OJI>KaJIBblCTynaTbHa瓜ⅢⅡJIOMaTH[leCKoiaPeHeB nepHon (1498 r), Koma naTpHKeeBbl ll P兄nO,JIOBCKHit 6bMH l@Q J. F e n n e l l. Op. c・it., p. 350. '61 1bidem. 162 A. H. K JI II 6 a H o B. Pe4)opMauIIoHHble ,nB11>Kell" B XIV-nepBoM ̲noJIoBHHe XVI B. M., 1960, cTp. 219-220. 163 J.Fennell.OP.cit., p. 351. 112 POCclIH B
y>Ke maBHo OTcTpgHeHbl 3TOro oT B皿a neIITeJ1bHoCTII (nocJie i495̅r) , T ePOMOna,,OBCKoIP m PHnOJIPEWm..WW CIIHTaTb JI皿aMI1, 06T,e皿HeHHblMII Bo BTopoii noJIoBIIHe 90-x U rO八6:56MMMcJIyiKe6Hblx3aHHTHi̅PqgcWomx6bllP oTXaJIeHHbIM (TPoIOPO皿ble 6PaTbfI): nleX C. PHnQJIo2cK:II. roH.A.HaraBI皿d-PHIoJIOBOK"6blJI6PaToM八enaB.B. POMOXaHOBCKOrO-①.A.CTapo,my6cKoro. U HeOcHoBaTeJIbHocTb o6be"HeH" "yx onaJI Ka)Ky皿eHcH u o6皿HocTbIOIIxHePa3ranaHHOihnPHqIIIiblnO3BoJIHeToTBCpIHVTE MHeHlle o cBfi3m naTpmKeeBbIx m P"oJIoBcKoro c《nap- Tiie" Co。bH­BacHJIIIHfHanpoTIIB,6皿30cTbKCo。be B.B.PoWIonaHoBcKoro,6blBm6rocnonBII)KHHKaMIIxaMJIa A皿peeBHIa,Ⅱpe瓜cTaBmeTc且BepoHTHoh.①eHHeJI巾aKTH〔Ie- CKHnpm3HaJI cJIa60cTb "oero Bbigona o cB"̲E"JW: M ̅"P c <<napTIIe" Co*bm - BaclIJIIIHBb""WW{ rIInOTe3a7 nO erO )Ke cJIoBaM)《He nOKa3blBaeT, IIT0 ,,60flP- CKaH rPynna: HMeJIa nPOynleJIbHble, nPQCglaW"":W; &4 neHIlIIH-LIePenHIIHnPHBellcBH瓜eTeJIbcTBanPaBIIJIbHOc'rm ⑪ jPO"rliBOnOJIOiKHOro ITe31ica])' - l#O aTa r"OI",JMWHM MePe, 4<noKa3hlBaeT {Ha"皿me] KaKOrO-TO KoHTaKTa Me>Kmy Cojbeii, KoToPaH, KaK Nibl 3HaCMj̲。""9cIlp EW" ⑪ 6'gW"'fn"M̅m3 60"p, Bo"eqeHHbIx , co6EITHR U 1499 r.> 164 fl6iaraH,ITOynaJIeHmeCnOJIIITIIuleCKOii aPeHb[PfInO・ JIoBcKoro, naTpIIKeeBbIx, PoMonaHoBcKoIp ¥, qg3Mo"92 iPyfIix 6bfIp MbrJIQ paccMaTpHBaTbcm Co巾bei H BacIIJIIIeM KaK HOTePH neHHoH Ho皿eP>KKII B BblcmHX C.epaX l65, eHU HeJIBm皿;̅b66emxonfiJia)f(HHBapHmanpeJIfI1499r.)ynap ⑪ U no《ⅡapTHII)" Co。bH-BacHJIHH, y皿P, KOTopblII BeJIIIKHH KHH3b nDITaJIcH cMFIrllHTb《ⅡpomeHHeM)>Bac"" H no>Ka49- BaHHeM eMy HoBropoXaH nbKOBa B BeJIIIKOe KHfl)KeHHe l66. 516̅66MifeHHe ioPa>KaeTcBOeiimcKycCTBeHHOcTbIoBOnePBbix,apecTPoMonaHoBcKoro6blJInpom3"g"9c12m 。 XMMHil;I BacmJIIII6 BeJIMKoKHfIIKecKoro TIITyJIa 21 MapTa 1499 r. Bo-BTopblx, 3aIIeM Hanp 6blJo cMHr[IaTb y,nap llo̲"・ TepecaMCo"Ⅲ一BaclIJI四mⅡPlI6eraTbXJIfl3TOroKBO3- BblmeHHIo BacmJIHfI? ①eHHeJI c[IHTaeT,ulToⅡo>KaJIoBaHHe 21MapTao3Ha[IaJIo<<PJImmKOMMaJIOCTOLIKM3PeHI1HBJ1acTI1 H HIIIIerO B CMHCJIe 6yny皿erO> 167. 3Ta MblCJIb COBnanaeT C 164 1bidem・Pa3pH八Ka MoH・ 165 1bid., p. 340. 16c lbid., p. 352. 167 1bid., P、340. 8 C. M. KamTalIoB 113
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BoM,[IToEmeHaCTe巾aHOBIIaHaxO皿JIaCbBPOnCTBeHHbIX 5MmflIIIIXcKHH3bffM1IJIHToBcKOrOnPMaZ OmKOnPoJIIIToBcKafIHacTPoeHHOcTbnajIPHKeeBbl" PHnoJIoBcKoroHy>KnaeTcfl B且oKa3aTeJIbcTBax.C[IHTaHapecT 1499n(BcooTBeTcTB皿c BoJIoroncKo-nepMcKojiJIeTonHcblo-nM1498r)nponpJDKeHI1eMonaJIbl̲npoTIIBnaTU HKeeBbⅨHPHnOJIOB6KOTO P KaK cTOPoHHIIKOB UMIITP"-BHyKa,aBTOPnP皿aeT3Ha'IeHHeJIH皿b。aKTynOHMKIITBepHTHHaA.Kopo60Ba,nocKoJ1bKyBM皿TB3TOM。aKTeHaMeKHa i6""6'̅ TBePci<IIx cIIJI g noJIb3y nMIITpmHl7a Ho o"QBPeMeHHblii aPecT BBPoMonaHoBcKoro, "232WI9WU ⑥ PbeBcerocCo巾bei,3aCTaBJIHeTyCOMHHTbcZBnPHHanlJIe)K△ iIocTIIA.Kopo60BaK<napTllli)>EJIeHbl一旦MHTPHH. HAgiiaqblimeBacmJImHBeJIHKHMKHH3eMHQBrqponam ncf6E3̅6bmo nonroToBJIeHo, no MHeHmIo A A. 3IIMIIHa, 《Ⅱpe且meCTByIO皿IイMH KOHTaKTaMPI KHFDKHIIa cHOBroPo瓜Ⅱa- M" (IIMeeTCHBB皿yno3m皿HHoBroponcKoroapxHemiCKo-' nareHHa皿月,nOnneP>KIIBaBmero Co(bblo)174.aTo coo6pa]KeHIIenPencTaBJIHeT3HaqlITeJIbHblimHTePeR,XOTHHHe o6'bflcHHeT IO KoHUa nPHIIHHbl Bo3BblmeHIIfl BacIIJIH月. qTo6bI JIvqme noHHTb cMblcJI co6blTIIit l499 n, npocJIe- 皿MXO瓜noJIIITH[IGCKoii 60Pb6bl B l499-1500 rn npoBo3rJIameHme BacmJIHH BeJIIIK" KHH3eM K "e" cTaBJfeHIieeMyBBeJIIIKoeKHH>KeHIIeHoBroponaHncKoBa 60JIbmIMHCTBo JIeTOⅡHcHblx cBonPB oTHOCIIT, KaK y)Ke roBO- "JIocb, K 21 MapTa̲1499 rj75 3a Hen、 np gToro, 14 M4p: fa l499 r" HBaH III BbmaJI rpaMoTy O 6ecnomJIHHHoM U npoBo3e BMocKByMIITponollllqbeiipbI6bI m3"yxceBep- HLIX IOMoBHblX MOHacfblPei MIITPOnoJIIITa - BgCIfPeCeHbKord qepenoBeuKoro m HIIKoJIbcKoro c KoB>Kml76 B rpaMOTe巾HKcHPoBaJIIJcb Te )Ke nP"a nPOe3na, [ITO H B nP"- mecTBVIomei rpaMoTe l496 r.177, ToJIbKo cQcTaB TepplITopHⅡ,dePe3KoTOPblePa3PemaJIcHnPoe34,6bmpacmlIpeH. - 。 ー 172 A.A、3HM PI H. OcHoBHble npo6JIGMbl…, cTp. 106; o H )K e. O noJIPITHIIeCK}IX nPe且nocbIJIKax.,., cTp. 35. 173A.A、3IIMHII・OcHoBHblenpo6JIeMI〕1...,cTP.106,npHM.69;oH>Ke. O rio"T"ecKmx npemocbmKax", eTp 35, npmM " 174A. A 3IIMHH・OcIIoBHble nl)o6JIeMbl..., cTp' 106-107; o H >K e O HoJT,!,ITH[IecKHx IIpeⅡnocI,IJIKax..., cTp. 37. 175 HCPJI, T. 1V, w.,1, Bbln. 2, cTp. 531j T、VI,cTp、43, 243;T. V111, "1 236-237;T. XII, cTp. 249; m ", nep¥HnoJIoBIIHa, cTp. 368; T、21,BTopaHnoJIoBHHa,cTp、571;T、28,cTp、332. 176 Am3IIX,:q. 1, Nh 293; JI B II e p e ll II Il H. yKa3・COII., '1. 2, CTP. 224. 177 A3IIX, 11. 1, Nb 292. 115 8: !
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Bo3Mo>KHo, cymeCTBOBaJI nPOeKT BOCCTaHOBJIeHIIFI erO B POJIII yneJ1EHOiO nPaBIITeJIR KammHa,HPOCJIaBJI2mnp・ Bbl,naqa MIITponoJIHIIbeMy nPMy l4 MapTa l499 r., 3a HeneJIIo no o6'bHBJIeHHH BacIIJIHH BeJIHKHM KIJH3eM, rpaMo- Tbl, 、yTBeP>KnaBmeii CyBePeHHble nPaBa HBaHa lll B OTHoIneH" BeJIoo3epa, KamHHa, yrnHqa H XpyrHx o6'beKToB yneJIbHblX nPlITH3aHHii lI 6blBmHx c*ep BJIIIHHIIH BacHJT", nOKa3blBaeT, IITo I'IBaH III He xoTeJI BO3BPamaTb CblHy eTO yneJIbHble noJIHoMoIIHH B CeBepo-BocToIJHoii pycII H cTpeMIIJICH IO6HTbCFI HOn瓜ep]KKII MIITPOnOJIIITa B 3ToM BOnPOCe. CBoeii neJIH BeJIHK" KHFI3b XIocTHr. 21 MapTa oH Ha3BaJI B KaIIecTBe o6JIacTII, npeno'cTaBJIHeMoii BacHJIHIo B KHmKeHHe, I-Ie erO nPe7KHHe yneJIbI, a cOBePmeHIIO nPyryJO TePPH- TopHIo - HoBropo,m H UcKoB. CToPoHHHKII MoJIoIoro KHH。 3H IIe TOJIbKO noHIIMaJIH HOMIIHaJIbHblH XaPaKTeP 3TOrO nO)KaJIoBaHHH, Ho H 6bmH Pa30IIaPoBaHbl KPaxoM Hane]K" Ha pecTaBpanIIIo BeJIo3epcKoro H KamHHcKo-TBepcKoro KHH)KeH噸.TaKoBbl BepoflTHble npHIIIMHEI JBII)KeHHR HJIII 3aroBopa, B KoTopoM npIIHHJIH yIIacTHe B.B. PoMonaHoBcKHii H A.H・Kopo60B, apecToBaHHble B anpeJIe l499 r. Mbl npHcoe及HHgeMCFI K nPe,nnoJIO>KeHIIIO eHHeJIa, qTO aPeCT POMOnaHOBcKOrO -CO6LITHe, menmee BPa3Pe3 C wHTepecaMII Co巾bII H BacHJIHH. EcJIH paccMaTpllBaTb B.B・POMOn<aHOBCKOrO KaK BBIPa3IITeJIH HaCTPOeHII# BePeiicKo-6eJIo3epcKoii 3HaTH, a <<T*eplITHHa)> A. H. Kopo60Ba KaK nPenCTaBHTeJIFI oⅡⅡO3PInIIOHHblx HBaHy lll TBePCKHx KPyrOB, TO Hx nPe瓜nOJIaraeMaH <<BHHa> cTaHeT OqeBImHOi: OHII OJTIIIIeTBOPHJIII CIIJIbl, 60POBmHeCH 3a PeaJTbHOe nPenocTaBJIeHIIe BacIIJIIMIo npaB Ha TBepcKoe lI BeJIo3epcKoe KH月X《eHHH. OnHoBpeMeHHocTb apecTa PoMoXaHoBcKoro II Kopo60Ba HeJIb3FI CqHTaTb CJIyTIaiiHOCTblO. IIX CBFI3blBaJIII KaK o6mHOcTb noJIIITHIIeCKHx yCTPeMJIeHHii, TaK H CJIy>Ke6Hble y3bl. B ceHTH6pe l498 r・oHH 6blJIII BoeBonaMII oJHoro Boi- cKa : PoMonaHoBcKHi Bo3rJIaBJIHJI nepenpBoii noJIK, a Kopo60B-noJIK JIeBoi pyKII178. A. H. Kopo60B, KoHeqHo, -He 6bIJI KyⅡuoM, KaK npemloJIaraJI K.B. Ba3IIJIeBII'I. C KoHHa 80-x roXoB oH npHHIIMaJI yqacTHe B BeJIIIKoKHH>KecKHx noxo"X:B 1488/89 r. - Ha BHTKy (B nepenoBoM noJIKy) 179, B 1495/96 :r.- BのⅢH,JTFIH皿Io (B JIeBoii pyKe) 180, B I498 r.'Z8 <<Pa3P"HaH KHIIra l475-'1598 rr.:>. M., 1966, cTp. 28, ".27 179 TaM >Ke, cTp. 21, JT. 17. 180TaM>Ke,cTp.27,@J1.25 117
B Ka3aHb (B JIeBoii pyKe) 181. Ha HeKoTopoe BpeMH nocJIe apecTa l499 r. A I/1. Kopo60B IIcIIe3aeT I13 pa3pHIoB H noFIBJIHeTcH BHoBb B oceHHeM pa3pHIe l505 r., nepBoM noc- JYe CMepTH I/IBaHa lll '82. 3TO nOKa3blBaeT, IITO A. II. KOPO60B 6blJI cBH3aH c Ba|cHJIIIeM183, KoTopblii cpa3y )Ke no 3aHFITHH nPecToJIa no3a60THJIcR o ero Kapbepe. C BacHmIeM 6blJI cBH3aH I,I B. B. PoMoZIaHoBcKH曲. y>Ke B ceHTH6Pe 1501 r. oH 6blJI Ha3HaIIGH B cTopoJKeBoii noJIK184.C npHxonoM BacHJIHH K BJIacTII B. B. PoMonaHoBcK城 noJIyIIIIJI noBblmeHIIe, cTaB BoeBonoii noJIKa npaBoii pyKII (ceHTfI6pb 1507 r.) 185. HTaK, 3aroBop PoMonaHoB|cKoro H Kopo60Ba o6EHcHHeTCFI, no-BHn(HMoMy, oTKa30M IIBalla lll OCy皿eCTBHTb TOT BaPHaHT HO)KaJIOBaHI'IH, KOTOPblii 6blJI Ha'I160JIee >KeJIaTeJIeH <<napTIIII> Co巾bH - BacPIJIIIH. no IIHblM npH'IHIIaM o6'EHBJIeHHe BacIIJIH兜BeJIHKHM KHH3eM HoBropona H UcKoBa BcTpeTIIJIo oTplmaTeJIbHylo 181 <Pa3pfmHaH KH}Ira...>, cTp. 28, J1. 27. 182 TaM )Ke, cTp. 37,几39. 183 HIITepecHo, qTo H BDIIBIIHyJIcH oH c 1488/89 r., T、e. IICcJIe ynaJIeHIIFI IIBaHa HBaHoBHIIa II3 TBepH. 184 <Pa3P皿HaHKHHra…》, cTp 33, J1. 33 (B cTopo>KeFoM ucJ1Ky oH 6blJI H B ceHTH6pe l502 r.- TaM )Ke, cTp. 35, JT、 36; J. F e n n e ll Op. cit, p 256, note 3). Bo3Mo)KHo, B. B. PoMo"HoBcKⅢ曲瓜06HJIcFI nl)o皿eHF胴 e皿e paHbllle. PH瓜ⅡeTOmICHblx CBO,UOB yKaSblBaeT nOn 7008 ( 1499/|1500) r., 6ymo HBaH ill, noJIyIIIIB cEenleH" o npHHy]KneHMH ero npqepH EJIeHIJI K pHMcKoMy 3aKoHy>, (KaToJIHIJecTBy) , HocJIaJI K JIIIToBcKoMy BeJIIIKoMy KHH310 AJTeKcalmpy B. B. PoMoJIaHoBcKoro H XbHKa B. KyJIe皿1Ha (nCPJI, T、VI, cTP. 45, 243; T. V111, cTp. 238; T. XII, cTp. 251; T. 20, nepBaH DoJIoBI冊la, cTp. 370; T. 21 J BTOPa別noHoBIIHa, cTp. 572; T. 26, cTp. 292; T. 28, cTp. 333; cp. T. 1V, II. 1, Bbln. 2 JI., 1925, cTI). 531 ) . CoTJIacHo IIocoJIIJcIくoii KHIIre, B. B. PoMonaHoBcK" II B・KyJIe皿IIH e3ユI皿II B JIIITBy B MaPTe 11498 r., Ho B Hx巾yHKⅡHH He Bxo,miqm pa3roBopつくpHMcKoM3aKoHe〉 (<C6.PIIO", T 35, Nb 53) . nocKoJIIJKy TeMIJI IIocoJIbcTB 1498 1I 1499/1500 rr.- pa3HEIe, Mo)KHo 6blJIo 6bl npennoJJo)KHTb, 、ITo nepen 、 I・IaMH H3BecTIIH o XBVx pa3HI>Ix IIocoJIbcTBax. OHHaKo 3TcMV MemaIoT XBa O6CTOFITeJIbCTBa: 1) OTcyTCTBIfe B JIeTOUIICHX COO6meHHH O nocoJILcTBe PoMQmaHoBcKoro II I<yJTemHHa l498 r., 2) coBm"eIIMe .mulHoro cocTaBa o60Hx HocoJIb'cTB. He HBI)THeTcH JIH H3BecTHe @JIeTonHceii oIII|II60IIHblM, T. e. He llMelOT JIII oHII B BHnV nocoJIIJcTBo 1498 r.、 KOrna rOBOPHT O HOCOJIBcTBe non 7008 r. m npllImcI]IBaloT eMy BepoʼHcnoBe皿・IyIo TeMaTHKy?EcJIII B7008r.且eAcTBHTeJII〕Ho cocToHJIocb nocoJIbcTBo B B. PoMonaHoBcKoTo H B. KVJIellIHEa, To 3To MorJIo npOll30%TH JIII皿b nocJIe neKa6" ll99 r., a l,JMGHHo B rlepBcii noJIoBIIHe l500 I、., H60 elne B neKa5pe l499 r. B. KyJIelnwH HaxoⅡHJIcH B MocKBe (ACSH, TJ, Nb 624; cp. ACSII, T. 111, Nb 276) . 185<<Pa3pfmHaHKHIIra…》,cTp.38,J1.4206. 118
peaKHIIIoBncKoBe.OxleB皿HP,Ha3HaqeHmeaTOPaCUeHmBaJIOCb nCKOBCKOi BePXymKOii KaK nOnblTKa nPHcOenHHe- H血ncKoBa K HoBropony, T. e.巾aKTII[IecKH K MocKBe, HocKoJIbKy HoBropon y>Ke BxoJHJI B cocTaB UeHTpaJIII30BaH- Horo rocynapcTBa. Z3 HcKoBaB MocKBy 6blJIo 'HanpaBJIeHo nocoJIbcTBo. OHo HacTaHBaJIo Ha coxpaHeHIIHくCTaPlIHbl>, npe皿OJIaraBmeii l ) HOMIIHaJIbHoe nPH3HaHHe nCKOBIIqaMII BePxOBHblM cIO3ePeHoM-くrocynaPeM》ⅡcKOBa TorO BeJIHKoTo KHH3H, KoToPblii HBJIHJIcH BemiKIIM KHfI3eM <<Ha MocKBe> 186; 2) ero HeBMemaTeJIbcTBo Bo BHyTpeHHIieH B 3Haqll- TeJIbHoit Mepe Bo BHemHHe neJIa ncKoBa; 3) HaJIHIIHe CO6CTBeHHOrO <KHFI3FI HCKOBcKOrO>. naJIbHeimee pa3BIITIie co6blT戒nCKoBCKaH I JIeTOIIHCb II306Pa]KaeT B cJIenylO皿eMBm瓜e: HBaH III <<OnaJIIIJIcH> 'Ha HCKOBIIIIehHaPecTOBaJI IByx IIJTeHOB IIOcOJIbCTBa; B HoJIb3y BacHJIHH cTaJI aKTIIBHo IeiicTBoBaTb HoBropon<cKHii apxH- enHcKon reHHaⅡ城, KOTOPbl曲ⅡpHexaJI B HcKoB 30 Mafl, nCKoBHrlII He naJIH eMy f<cO60POBaTH>, 3HaFI, IITO OH XOIIeT <<MoJIHTII 60ra 3a KHfl3H BeJIHKoro BacHJIbfl>, H xmaJIII npHe3na cBoHx nocJIoB II3 MocKBbl C pe皿eHIIeM HBaHa lll; reHHa皿蝋yexaJI II3 ncKoBa qepe3 4 HeneⅡHnocJIe cBoero nPlK6blTIIH, T. e. B KOHUe HIOHH, nePen STIIM OH C Pa3PemeHHfI HOcanHIIKOB II 60HP <<360POBaJI nPlI KHFI3e nCKOBCKOM AJIeKcaHXpe BoJIoIHMepoBII'III>;《ⅡO TOM》ncKOBHIIH HanPa- BIIJIH B MocKBy BTopoe nocoJILcTBo <<61ITH IIeJIoM BeJIIIKoMy KHR3Io HBaHy BacIIJIbeBIIIIIo HoBropoⅡuKOMy H HCKOBCKOMy, qTo6bl rocynlapH HamH且OP>KaJIII OTIIIIHy cBOIO ,B CTaPHHe...>; HBaH III oTnycTHJI 3To HOcOJIbCTBo, naB HeOnPenleJIeHHblii oTBeT: <<A 3a MoHM 60HpHIHoM Bce 6yneT yKa3aHo>; 3aTeM B HCKOB nPHexaJI o6emaHHblit 60HpH:H (HBaH IJe60- TOB) H O6EHBIIJI, [ITO HBaH III <<OTIIHHy CBOIO (nCKOB.C. K) neP]KHTb B cTaPHHe》nocJIe aToro, B 7008 r., B MocKBy oTInpaBIIJIocb TpeTbe ncKoBcKoe nocoJIbcTBo c 186 CJIoB a "HoBroponlcKI噸 HnCKOBCKI'III> BXOXIIJTH B nOJIHblH TIITy,ⅢBe- JIHKoro KIIH3H ̅ MocKoBcKoro (cM. TBHIIn, M 347) . nMIITpIIIo-BHyKy JIeTonilICII II <<III'IH> nOCTaBJIeHIIH nPIImlcblBaloT THTyJI BeJIHKOro KHH3H BJIaユHMIIPCKOrO II MOcKOBCKorO, B HeKOTOPl'IX CJIyqa3x Ii HOBTo- POncKOrO, a̅ B OJHOM cJIyrlae TaIPKe ̲TBePcKOrO (H.C. JI U) b e. I"eoJIorIIIIscKafl 6opb6a…, cTp. 38。1-386).TaKwM o6pa30M, XMIIT・ PHii, B OTJIIIxIIIG OT HBaHa lII, enBa JIII CqIITaJ1cH CIo3ePelIOM nCKOBa, j<oTH nocJTe nocTaBJIeHIIH BacIwIIIH BeJII1KIIM KHH3eM HoBropona lI ncKoBa B30pbl HcKoBIIIIeii o6paTIIJIIIcb KaK pa3 K HeMy KaK coIIpaB・IITeJIIo IIBaHa lll. OH 6blJI ntJIH HHx xopoIH HMeHHo TeM, IITo Jie HMeJI B CBOeii cnemlaJIbHOii KOMneTeHnM'HnCKOB, 119
IIeJIO61ITbeM <K BeJIHKIIM KHH3eM》 HBaHy lll lI BaclMJIIIIo I'IBaHoBHIIy o6 0cBo60>KneHIIII IByx nOcamHHKoB - qJIeHoB U nePBOrO nOCOJIbCTBa, aPecTOBaHHblX B HatlaJIe 3TOH anOneH. BeJIHKIIe KHH3bFI IIx npocTIIJIH, m ncKoBcKIIe nocanHIIKPI Bep- IHyJIHcb B ncKoB 24 ceHTH6pH 1499 r・B HcKoBe ocTaJIcH CBO力くKHH3b ncKoBcKo#>. II3BecTIIH o co6blTHJIx 31IMbl 1500 r., BecHbl H oceHH 1501 r. noKa3blBaloT xapaKTep oTHomeH" Me)KIy ncKoBoM H MocKBoil. BepxoBHbIMH cIo3ePeHaMHnCKoBa HBJIHJIHcb B 3TH OTPe3KII BPeMeHII HBaH III H BacIIJIIm, c KoTopblMH HcKoBHIIH HMeJIH瓜eJIO Ho BOnPOcaM BOiiHbI c JIHTBOi lI JIPIBOHCKHM O皿eHOM 187. HeKoTopble noBopoTHble MoMeHTbl 60pb6bl l499 r. ocTaIoTcH He BHoJIHe Hc:HblMH. Coo6皿eHHe JIeTOHIICH, yKa3blBaIO皿ee, IITO reHHaⅡ砿《360PoBaJI npH KHfI3e ncKoBcKOM AJIeKcaHmPeBoJIo瓜HMePOBHIIII>,HanO,OKIeBH4H0,PaCneHH= BaTb KaK enIIcKona CBImeTeJIbcTBo oT cBoero OO OTKa3e HOBroPOJIcKOrO nepBoHaqaJIbHoro nJIaHa aPxH- npIIBecTH nCKOB K《nplIcHre Ha BepHocTb> BacHJIIIIo,nOI BJIWIHHeM KaKHX 。aKTOPOB yCTynlIJI reHHa瓜嘘HCKOB函aM?Ⅱo HJIH HOCJIe BO3BPa皿eHIIFI B ncKOB yIIacTHHKa nePBOrO nOcOJILcTB a-ⅡOCa皿HKa CTe巾aHa - 6blJIa CneJIaHa 3Ta yCTynKa?HMeJIJIHreHHa且嘘ceKPeTHylO HH巾OPManlIIO II3 MocKBbIP npyroii Bonpoc: Koma npH6blJIo H Korna oT6blJIo H3 MocKBbl BTopoenocoJIbcTBo?Kor“Ⅱ”exaJI B ncKoB HBaHIIe60ToB?nocKoJIbKy oT'Ee3n BTOPblX nOCJIOB CoCTORJIcFI HocJIe oT'Le3nla reHHamIFI, IIx npH6LITIIe B MocKBy Hy>KHo oTHecTII, Ho-BHJHMoMy, K IIIoJIIo 1499 r. B HIIcbMe - H3 PIoreHa oT 28 IIIoJIH 1499 n JIIIBoHcKIIi MarHcTp (opmeHMeitcTep) coo611LaJI xoxMeiicTepy, 、ITo Bac"城Ⅱo℃a>KeH BeJIIIKIIM KHH3eM HoBropo,niaH nCKOBa, HCKOBIIIIHⅡP OTIIB 3TOTO H CHaPH,ⅡJIJIH B MocKBy nocoJIbcTBo, nByx IIJIeHoB Ko- ToPoro I'IBaH III aPecTOBaJI, noCJIe IIero HcKoBHIIH HanPa- - ユ BHJIH K BeJIHKoMV KHH310 BToDoe nocoJIbcTBo c 60JIbmlIMH naPaMII; onHH cqIITalOT, rITO OHO BePHeTCFI B HCKOB |Ha CB. Bap巾oJIoMe兄(24 aBrycTa) , npyrlIe nyMaIoT, [ITo He PaHbme 皿月cB. A皿peFI (30 HoH6pH) 18a Me>Kny ncKoBoM H PIoreHoM paccToHHIIe 60JIbme, IIeM Me>Kny ncKoBoM H MocKBoh. no9TOMy ecJIH TaM cTaJIO H3BeCTHOOBToPOMHOCOJILCTBe 187 <nCKOBCKIJe ,JIeTOnHCI"", Bbln. 1, Cm.83-86. 188 LEKUB, 2-te Abt., Bd.l, JYb 848, S. 647 (yKa3aJIa H Iiel)eBGJIa cO CTapoHeMemKoro A. JI. XopomKGBIIII) . 、120
ncKoBIIweii oKoJIo 28 IIIoJIH, Mo]KHo HoJIaraTb, qTo caMo HoU coJIbcTBonpII6blJIoBMocKByno28HIoJIH­nO-BH皿IMOMy, BCePe皿HeMeC皿a.Tor@maemeHe6blJIoo巾皿HaJIbHoroPemeHiiH, Bo BcfIKoM cJIyqae, IIBaH IILHe o6'bHBIIJI ero noCJIaM・HBaH qe60ToB npHexaJI B ncKoB, BepoHTHo, He 響 m60TPeTbenocoJIhgTgo,oTnpaBHBuleeCH paHbmeaBrycTa, b MocKBy ー BbKope nocJIe npHe3" qe60ToBa, BepHyJIocb ToJIbKo 24 ceHTFI6". nJIHyTOIIHeH"KaPTIIHbI,'HaPHcOBaHHQjiBHCKOBCKOiil U JI eTOnHcli, 60JIbmoe 3HaqeHIIe HMeloT coo6HIgHⅢ月旦ByX npyrlIX JIeTOⅡHcIHblx HcToIIHHKoB: BoJIoroncKo-nepMcKoi JIeToU ⅡHcHHKpaT1KoroJIeTomlcUa,oIIy6JIHKoBaHHoToH.C.JIypbe. I'I3BeCTIIH STII 6JIH3KII Me丞旦y co60ii, Ho pacxomlTcH B HeKOTOPblX CymecTBeHHbIX JIeTaJIFIx, nOaToMy nPHBeneM HX na P aJIJIeJIbHo. BoJIoroncKo-nepMcKafI JIc.roIIHcb KpaTKI1i# JIGTomIcelX 《Toro ]Ke JIeTa (7007. - C. K.), 《Toro >Ke J1eTa (7007.-C. K、), MeCf'- IIIoHH B 29, KwI3b BeJIHKIMii HBaH na HIoJIH 29八eH・KHH3B BeJTHKIIii HBaH BacHJIbeBIIII no)KaJIoBaJI cBoero cEIHa KHFI3fl BacRJIbfl BeJIIMKIIM KHH- BacIIJIbeBwx KHII3H BacIIJIbH HoBblM roponpM Ha >KeHHeM , Ho BI,IM ropoXoM II nbcKo- BeJIHKoe KHH)KeHHe H HaPeqe ero BeJIH- BoM , H HaPeIIe ero BeJIHKHM KHH3eM , II 6JIarOCJIOBIJma eTO MHTPOnoJIHT CHMaH H enHcKonm Ha BeJIHKoe KIMM KHH3eM , H 6JIarocJ1OBIIma ero MIITDoIIoJIHT KHH)KeHIIe HoBoropo1ⅡKOe>189. KHH3H IOpbJI Ha nMHTpoB, a KHH3H nMHTPefl yrJIIiqeM"190 . noXaJIoBaJI cBoero cblHa CHMoH , II nocTVn H Ha BeJIII- 、 Koe KHfl)KeHIIe Ha HayropoZcKoe , a O6a HcToulHIIKa corJIacHbl B ToM,'IITo BacHJIHii peaJIbHo noJ1yIIHGII ToJIbKo<<KHH>KeHIIe HoBoropo皿Koe)'.Pacxo>K¥HIie cOcTOHT B OnPemeJIeHHH TePPlIToPlIH, <<Ho>KaJIoBaHHOIIp BacHJIHIo. BoIJIoro4cKo-nepMcKafI JIeTonHcb B cooTBeTcTBHH C MaPToBcKHM II3BeCTlieM APymX JIGIOnmcHbIJfBoXoP roBo- PHT o HO>KaJIoBaHⅢHHoBrop onaHncKoBa. KpaTK" JIeTo- nHceU B COOTBeTCTBIIH c 。aKTHIIeCKHM Pe3yJIbTaTOM《ⅡO>KaJIoBallHH> VHoMHHaeT H 3Xecb JII'Imb HoBropo,n<. KPoMe Toro, JIeTo皿CII yKa"IBaIOT Pa3ILIe MecHIlb[ no- 》KaJIoBaHH別. Bo Bcex cⅡHcKax BoJIoroncKo-nepMcKoit JIeTo- mlcH - HIoHb, B KpaTKoM JIeTonHcUe-HIOJIb・HMelO皿aHcH 189 nCPJ1, T. 26, cTp、291. 190 H. C. JI y l) b e. IKpaTKllii JIeTonMceU noro,n.IIIICKOTo CO6PaHWI.一 くApxeorp a巾函ecKHii e]Kel、oEHHK 3a l962 I,o瓜》. M., 1963, cTp. 443. 121
II peKoHcTpylIpyeMaH xpoHoJIorllFI co6blTHii, omIcaHHblx B nCKOBCKOii l JIeTOHIICH, XaeT OCHOBaHIIFI n<yMaTb, TITO B HIOHe pemeHIIfl o HocTaBJIeHIIH BacIIJIHH Ha HoBropoIcKoe KIHH>KeHHe He 6blJIo. ToJIbKo HocJIe Bo3Bpa皿eHHH BTOPOrO nO- coJIbCTBa(aOHOHaXO皿JIocBBMocKBeoKoJIocepenHHbl I'IoJ'H )ⅢnpHe3na B HcKoB HBaHa qe60ToBa ncKoBHIIH o6- paTHJIHe. K BeJIHKHM KHH3bHM HBaHy Bac"beBHIIy lI Bac"HIo IIBaHoBHqy. 14 IIIoJIFI 1499 r. B KaIIecTBe BeJIIIKoro KHFI3H "ryPHPoBaJI e皿e nMHTpHi-BHyK 191. >KaJIoBaHHble rPaMoTbl Ha HoBrOPOIcKHe 3eMJIII, 'CocTaBJIeHHble OT IIMeHH IIBaHa lll H BacHJIHH, HoHBIIJIIIcb JIIImb B aBrvcTe l499 r.192 BceaTono3BoJIHeTcrlHTaTbHIoJIb,aHeHiOHbMec皿eM, Korma HBaH III o6'bFIBIIJI o Ho)KaJIoBaHHH BacHJIIIIo HoBro- PoIcKoro KHFDKe|HHH 193.nPH̲ nePenHcKe IIcToIIHIIKoB Hepen(Ko nyTaJIH HIo|Hb H HIoJIb. OnHaKo KPaTKHii JIeTonHceU B IIacTH, Ka,caIo皿eiicH co6blTHii KoHna XV - Ha'IaJIa XVI B., He 6blJI cmlcaH c BoJIoroncKo-nepMcKoii JIeToHHcH. Cy" Ⅱo瓜OnOJIHHTeJIbHblM II3BeCTWIM, KoTOPble B HeM COnePJKaT- cm (B paccMaTpHBaeMoii cTaTbe - o no>KaJIoBaHHII VneJIoB lOpHIoHⅡMIITpHIo) , oH HMeJI oco6blii HcToqHHK. npHMeIIaTeJIbHo, IITo nocJIenHee co6blTHe, ynoMHHyToe B JIeTonHc- Ir,- ncKoBcKoe B3HTHe l510 n (omlI60IIHb nOn 7017 r.) . CBFI3b Me>Kny aToit KoHnoBKoii II 60JIee ToIIHblM, IIeM B B6- JIOronCKO-nePMcKo# JIeTOHIICII, H3JIO)KeHHeM O6cToHTeJIbcTB no)KaJIoBaHHHBacPIJIHHB 1499r.,no-BHJIHMoMy,3acJIy>KHBaeT CnemIaJIbHOTO II3yqeHHH. HMMyHHTeTHblerpaMoTblaBrycTal499r.HoBropon<cKHM MoHacTlJpHM IIoMoraloT HoHHTb xapaKTep Ho)KaJIoBaHIIH BacHJ1IIH HoBI10pon;oM H nomITI1IIecKHe nemi 3Toro mara. B cMblcJIe TIITyJIa BacHJIIIm, 6e3ycJIoBHo, BblHrpaJI. OH BnePBble CTaJI 'Ha 91 1 92 nCP几T. 1 3aKoHHblx OC:HOBaHHHX BeJIIIKIIM KHH3eM 23, cTp、196; ̲cp. Tq V111, cTp; 237; T. XII, cTp. 249. ZIAH, T. 1, Nh 48, cTp、67-68; r. r o im y K o B. KPaTKOe omicaHzle 193 K"oncKoro TpoEIIKoro MoHacTHpH. M., 1815, cTp. l7-18. CcblJIaFIcb lla BoJIoroXcKo-nepMcKylo JIGTonHCb, A. A、311MHH BBIcKa3aJI npennoJIo>KeHHe, IITo <<Bo3Mo)KHo, ToJIbKo 29 II}oHH BacIIJ1Hii IJBaHOBIIII 6blJI OqJI皿IIaJIbHo nPOBO3rJIameH BeJIIIKIIM KHH3eM> {A. A. 3 II M II H. OcHoBHble npo6JISMbl."., cTp. 107, IIpmM. 76; o H jK e. OnoJI|1,IIHLIGcKHx npennocblJYKa'<..., cTp. 37, IIpllM、79). OHHaKo naHHblMII Bo@JIoroDIcKo-nepMcKo面、ⅡeToIIIIcH M Kp8TKoro JIeTomlcna JIyl)be He nel)erlePKHBaeTcH I13BecTIIe XPylMX JIeTCIMCeii O nO>KaJIOBal・IPIII 21 Mal)Ta l499 r., H60 HcKoBcKafl l JIe'romlcb noKa3blBaeT, KaKOe conPOTHBJIeHHe Bbl3BaJIO MaPTOBCKOe nO)KaJIOBaHHe. n01)KaJIOBaHI,Ie BacIIJIIIFI 29 HIoJIH 1499 r、6bIJIO BTOPmuIHLIM. 122
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3'ro IIoBJIwIJIo Ha cyne6Hble npaBa apXHenMcKona no l499 r., Mo)KHo To,JIbKo moranlblBaTbcH. CyUecTBeHHylo poJIb cblrl)an, HO-BH瓜HMoMy, C皿e611HK 1497 r., KoTopbl曲BBO八IiJI B UeHTPaJIH30BaHHOM nOPHJIKe nOnCynHoCTb nO mCKOBblM八e- JIaM JIH60 MOcKoBCKoMy nPaBIITeJIbCTBy, JIH60 MecTHoii cBeTcKoii anMHHHcTpaUHII. B cT. 37 Cynie6HHKa roBopHJIocb, IITo GcJIH o6a TH)Ky皿HxCH (HO HCKOBblM ,meJIaM) HBJIHIOTCH )KHTeJIHMII O,mHOrO II TOro >Ke rOPOna HJIII BOJIOCTH, To !HeneJIb皿ⅢKmPJIJKeH CTaBHTb HX nePen HaMecTHHKOM IIJIII BoJIocTeJIeM. B CT. 30 HoBropon BeJIIiKIIii 6bIJI BKJIIoIIeH B nepeIIeHb ropoIoB, Kyna nocblJIaJIIIcb II3 MocKBbl He一 二 JIeJIb皿IIKH c cyneOHblM Bbl30BOM. Ho MHeHIIIo B. H. ABToKpaToBa, T. H.《nPaBocynHe MHTPOnOJIIiqbe> Bo3HIIKJIO B KPyraX HoBrOPonCKOrO八yXOBeH- cTBa B nepHoX Me)KXy l497 r. H HaqaJIoM XVI B. II HMeJIo neJIDIo <<3aMeHIITb ocHoBHble noJIo>KeHIIH CVnle6HIIKa l497 rona HOPMaMH ycTaPeBmerO HOBrOPOnlCKOrO npaBa>, 210. B sToM naMHTHIIKe ecTb cTaTbH, rJIacHmaH:<IITO CH JleeTb B |MoHaCTblPex JIH B MOHaCTblPCKLIx JIIOXex,八a He BCTyna- eTbcH KHH3b JIH BJIaCTeJIIIH: TO Be4aeT HX enHCKon>> 211.CTaTbFI ocHoBaHa Ha TeKcTe ycTaBa HpocJIaBa BocToIIHopyccKoih penaKⅡHHnPOCTPaHHOii rPyⅡⅡbl 212, npHIIeM HHTePe'CHO, IITO oHa He 6ePeT II3 cBOer'O HCTOIIHHIKa nOHFITIIeくⅡePKOBHble JIIOXH)", cOCPenPTO[IHBaFI BCe BHIIMaHIJe MoHacTblPcKHX JIIo,瓜Hx H TeM Ca|MbIM Ha MOHaCTbl,PHX II npIIXaIBaH nOHHTHIO くMoHacTblPcKHe JIIoIH> TO coXeP>KaHHe, KOToPOe OHO HMeeT B >KaJIOBaHHblx rPaMOTax MOHaCTbIPHM, rX'e TePMHHOM <JIIO- 瓜H)P o603HaIIaeTcfl KpecTbHHcKoe HaceJIeHIIe. TaKaH penlaKU LIIH cTaTbH o enIIcKOIIcKoII IoPIICXIIKHIIH BnOJIHe COOTBeTCTByeT nPHTH3a'HHHM B Jyxe rPaMOT O nOnCylHOCTHHryMeHa , cTapUeB, JIIo,mekHKpecTbHH CnaccKoro BepeHJIoBcKor,o MoHaCTLIPH HOBrOPOnCKOMy aPxIIenH|CKOny. B KaKoi Mepe 6blJIa orpaHIIIIeHa loplIcnlHKIIIIfl apxHepeeB B叩yrHxpa加Hax Py“K90­Mro旦aM XVB.? CBeTcKIIe o6HTaTeJII[ MoHacTblpcKHx BoTIIHH (KpecTbHHe, nPHKa3IIHKII 213H叩.) B HcKOBblx meJIax HO皿e>KaJIHBe2'0 nPn, Bbln. 111, cTp. 438-439. 2'' TaM )Ke, cTP. 428, cT. 38; ACSII, T. 111, Nb 8, cT. 38. 2'2 nPn, Bbln. 1, cTp. 271, cT. 54, 9. 218 CouHa,JIbHOe nPOHcxO"KneHHe nPHKa3[皿KoB H IIx IOPIInlmecKoe nOJIO>KGHHe nO noQJIyKIeHI畑 八O,mKI・IOCTII I13yIIGHbl He,mocTaToKIHoI B XVI B. cPeXH nPHKa3IIIIKoB IIMeJIHcb ll <<cTaPUbl)"; >KaJIOBaHI・Ible rPaMoTbl XV-XVI BB. npoBo,DHT, oJHaKo, 1IeTKyIo rl)aHb Me>Kny <<6paTI,eIo》 II TeMM, <KOMy nl)IIKazKyT", IIJIwI《nPIIKa3UIIKaMII". 126
XeHHIo BeJIIIKOKHH>KecKoro ("II yXeJIbHoKHHzKecKoro) cyna (OIIeB皿HO, KPOMe meJI, OTHeceHHblx K KOMneTe皿皿UepK- BH ycTaBaMH BJIanIIMIIpa H HpocJIaBa). Ha cBfl皿eHHHKoBI1 。 。 nPHIITbl MoHaCTblPcKIIx ceJIbcKKx UePKBeH, T. e. <<JIIonteli U'ePKOBHblx)D B y3KOM cMblcJIe cJIOBa, PacnPocTPaHHJIOCb 及eiiCTBIie MOHacTblPCKOii IIJIH enHcKOHCKOii 10PHC且HKIIHH (Hx cTaTyC OnPe4eJIflJIcH BO BJIanblIIHblx IKaJIOBaHHblx rPaMOTaX-HcTOTIHliKe, nOKa e皿e MaJIo H3yIIeHHoM) . B oco6eHHo cHopHoM noJIo>KeHHH HaxomIJIHcb HacToHTeJIH MoHa- cTblpeiiliMoHaxII(<6paTHH)F),KoTopbIe,co皿OihCTOPOHPI, qjoPMaJIbHO nPHIIHCJIHJIHCb K Pa3P皿y f<n<ePKOBHblx :mlonle" (Ho ycTaBy BJIa皿MHPa) , HO, C JPyrOii CTOPOHbl,-KaK *eojmaJIbl-3eMJIeBJIaneJIbnbl - HBJIHJIIICb BaCCaJIaMII KHH3H-CIo­ 3ePeHa. 且 Kopnop a皿Ⅲ7 Bo3!HIIKmHe B KalleCTBe KHH]KeCKIIX MOHa- cTblpeih, HMeJIII oco6blii cTaTyc. Ha cyne y MHTpoHoJIHTa repoHTHH, Korna pa36IIpaJIcH cnop Me)Kny KHH3eM MHxaliJIoM AHnpeeBIIIIeM BeJIo3epcKIIM H pocToBcKHM apxHeⅡⅢ- cKoHoM BacbHHoM (oKoJIo l478/79 r.) 2'4, npemlcTaBIITeJIb KHH3H CneJIaJI cJIenylO皿ee 3aHBJIeHIIe:く..、HCTaPHHbl nPeIK- HIIe apxHenHcKonbl pocToBcKHe Bo rocy"pH Moero B KIIpHJIOB MOHaCTblPb He BCTynaJIHcH, nPHCTaBOB CBOHX He CJIaJIII, a HryMeHa H 6PaTbH He cynHJIII, II neCHTHJIHHKOB CBOHx K HMIM He B'bCblJIaJIH,ⅢⅡomJIII|H He IIMaJIH-ⅡpH KHpHJIe II nocJIe KHpHJIa-npll TocynapH Moero KHH)Ke MIIxaiJIoBe ome, npK KHH3e AHIpee nMIITplIeBHIIe, H pp cex MecT, a cy八HJI…Toro KHpHJIoBa MoHacTblpH HryMeHa rocy"" Moero KHfDK MHxaiJIoB oTeU - KHH3b A皿pe曲旦M PITP HeBHKIb, a 6paTblo cBoIo - cTapneB KHpHJIoBa MoHacTblpH - cyⅡHJI IIryMeH; a |HocJIe oma cBoero Toro KIIplIJIoBa MoHacTblpFI IfryMeHa Cy瓜HJI rocynapb Moii KHH3b MIIxaiiJIo AHXpeeBIItIb H j P c I I x M e C T, o n P O I I b HblX... neJIex 4yxOBHblx HryMeHa XeJI, aB,myxOB割 BenaeT aPxIienliCKOn, 3aHe>K... ToT KHpHJIoB MoHacTLIpb y r o c y n a p H M o e r o, KaK yrOCynaPH y B e J I I I KO r O KHH3H erOMOHa- cTblpH-Cnac Ha MocKBe,nia npeIIHcTafI CHMoHoBe, JIa HIIKo!JIa Ha yrpeme>215. 214 Ha 06 3TOii TH)K6e CM.: J1. B. LIepenHIIH. yKa3. ccq., L1. 2, cTp. 191­ 194 (cp. cTp. 183-184) ; H. C. JI y p b e. HPleoJIormLIecKaH 60pb6a.,,: cTp. 54-58. 215 AC31i, T. 11, M 315, cTP. 280. 127
neiicTBHTeJIbHo, B >Ka&IIoBaliIIblx rpaMoTax KIIp"JIo-Be" @)Io3epcKoMy 216IICIIMoHoBy 217MoHa|cTblpHMBcTpeIIaeTcH CTaTbflOnOnlCyIHOCTIIHacTOHTeJIHKHH310-CIO3epeHy218.ApxIIenIIcKoncKIIe rpaMoTbl noKa3blBaloT, IITo ecJIH enle B 50-x ro,max XV B. IIryMeHbl H nonlJI ceJII>cKIIx Uel)KBeil KIII)IIJIJIoBa MOHaCTblPfl 6blJIII ne-IOPe nOKcynHbl BJIa八blKe, OIIeBImHO, no BceM BonpocaM 2'9, To yJKe B 60-x ro,瓜aX cyn HaX HIIMH OKa3aJICH B PyKax KHPHJIJIOBcKorO HryMeHa, a Ha nPJIIO BJIa- 八blIIHerOcynaOCTaJIOCbOnHO《,n<yxoBHoe,meJIo)P220.Be,poHTHo, II CyJI Ham cTaPUaMH He 6blJI c MOMeHTa OcHOBaHHH MoHa- CTblPH 6ecCnOPHOii nPHBHJIerKeii HryMeHa, XOTH nePemeJI K HeMy PaHbme, IIeM Cy4 Ha瓜ⅡPHIITaMH ceJIbcKHx UePKBeit. rpaMoTbl nepBoii noJIoBHHbl XV B., npoBo3rJIamaIomHe nPaBO KHmKeCKOrO Cyna B OTHOmeHHH HaCTOHTeJIeii, KPaiiHe HeMHOrOIIHcJIeHHbl (II3BeCTHbl BCerO "Be) H KacalOTCfl JIIImb KIIplIJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoro MoHacTblpH 221. Bo BToPoii no!JIoBIIHe XV B・Kpyr Kopnopan砿, HaCTOHTeJIH KOTOPblx CymIJIHCb KHH3eM, He OrPaHH[IHBaJICH TO$ノIb- Ko<<KHfDKecKHMH)DMoHacTbIpHMH222.OIIeHb3HeprIIIIHopac216 BnepBble B rpaMoTe KHH3FI MI.IxaHJIa AHJPeeBI{qa l435-1447 rI、. (ACSIi, T・II, JVb 79), 3aTeM B ero )Ke rpaMoTax 1473 r. (TaM )Ke, M 223) , 1476-1482 rr. (TaM )Ke, M 239, 243 - 3necb petlbIueT y>Ke H O HOnCy"oCTH cTaPUeB KHH3IO) , B rPaMOTe BeJIHKOii KHHrHHH Co*bII 1448-1451 rr. (TaM )Ke, Nb 98) II B rpaMoTax HBaHa lll 1488 r. (TaM ]Ke, JYb 278), 1500 r. (TaM )Ke, M 300.301). 211. B rpaMdTe BeJIIIKoro Kim3fl BaclimIH BacI1、IIbeBHIIa l460 r., noIITBep)K"HHoA HBaHoM III (ACSH, T. II, JVb 360) . 218 B )KaJIoBaHHoii rpaMoTe nMIITpMH HoHcKoTo (lepFenty CaBBe Ha MoHacTblpeK Cnaca-npeo6pa]KeHHH (oK・1380-1382 rr.- BKJIIoIIBH Hblii aKT B cocTaBe nloKyMeIITa XVI I B.) HacToFITeJIb cTaBHTcH nom COBMeCTHyIO IOPHC皿KⅡHIo BeJIIIKoro KHH3H I! MIITpcnoJIMTa (ACSI'I, T. I, JYb 340) . O cMecHoM cyne MIITponoJIIITa lI Be皿Koro KHH3ダ q D B IICKOBbIX neJIaX CBeTCKHX JIIm nPOTHB nPencTaBIITeJIeli nyXOBeH cTBa CM. B ,nPrOBOPHoii rPaMOTe BeJIHKorO KHH3FI B8cMJmfl nMHTPHe BIIIIa II MIITpoHoJIHTa KImpIIaHa (HPn, Bbln. I11, cTp. 422, cT. 7) . 219 ACSH, T. II, Nb 161. 220 TaM >Ke, JYb l71-176, 183. 22I T. H・rpaMoTa BacIIJIIIH BacliJIbeBIILla Ha c.皿)・xo62JYCBo, HMelO皿醐 CTaTbIO O HOJICy,nHOCTH MIryMeHa, 6paTHII II CJIyr BemIKOMy KHFI310 (AC3H, T. I, JVb l76), HBIHeTC兄no"eJIKoii Kcllua XVI B. (cM A. A. 3 H M H H. AKToBI,Ie no瓜旦eJIKII Tpol皿e-CeprmeBa MoHacTbl" 80-x ronoB XVI B.­《Bonpocbl couHaJIbHo-3KoHoMI(IIGcKoAHCTOPmi II HCTOKIHIIKOBeAeIIIIH nePlIO" qJeo".ⅢII3Ma B POc(、IIII>p. C6. cTaTeii K 70-JIeTHIo A. A. HoBoceJIbcKoro. M., 1961, cTp. 250-251, oco6eHHo npIIM. 25) . "2TaKHM6blJI,KpoMe v>Ke Ha3BaHlIblx,TpoHUK戒Ha Bepe3HʻmKe B Bo- 、JIocTIIBope;n̅aTpoHoMHc皿beiierOHiyMeHaHBJ1HJIcfiKHH3blOpHii B acHJIbeB HリユMm;rpoBcKmit (ACSH, T. I, Nb 401; cp. TaM x<e, Nb 416). 128
1 nPOcTPaHHJIH cBoIO IOPHc瓜HKUHIO yneJIbHble KHH3bH・H a'cToHTeJIH CJIeXyIO皿Ⅲx ・ MOHacTblPeii 6blJIII nOJBenOMCTBeHHbl yneJIbHOKHH>KecKOMy cy八y:TpoHUe-CepmeBa223, MHTpOnOJIIIIIbero HoBHHcKoro224 (no rpaMoTaM IOpHH BacIIJIbeBH- IIa mMIITI)oBcKoro 60-x -HaIIaJIa 70→x ronoB), CaBBo-CTopo)KGBcKoro 225, noKpoBcKoro yrJI皿KOrO 226 (no rpaMOTaM A皿pefl BoJ1bmoro 70-x ro40B) , CnaCO-KaMeHHoro 227 (Ho rpaMoTe AHIpeH MeHbmoro l479 r. 228) . TaTapcKHii cJIy>Ke6 11bl曲uapb MyxaMMen-3MHII, HoJIyIIHBmlM B yneJI KamHpy, ycTaHoBwI noncy4HocTb ce6e lIryMeHa TpoImKoro BeJYoneCOU.KOTO MOHaCTblpH 229.CTaTbH o noncynHocTH HacToJITeJIFI BeJIHKOMy KHH310 HeOIHoKPaTHO BKJIIOIIaJIacb B rpaMoTbI HBaHa lll. Ee lHaxoJIHM B rpaMoTax MHTp'on|()J11MIIbIIM MoHa'cTblpHM - CHoBIIIcKoMy II JIIo6euxOMy (1465 r.230), a TaK>Ke B rPaMoTax MoHacTbl"M Cnaco- EBq)HMbeBy (1472 231, 1473 232, 1479 rr. 233), HHKoJIbcKoMy MoKI)oMy (1482 r.234),Tpo皿e-CeprlieBy ( 1492 r.235) , Cnac̲ cKoMy HpocJIaBcKoMy (1498 r236) H ycTIo)KcKoMy ycneHCKOMy BOrOPO皿UKoMy co60py (1490 r237) Cy" no ToMy, ご rne llaxOHIIJII,I|cb 'ITo cBeTcKaJI BJIacTb aKTHBHO orPaHHIIHBaJIa lOpHc且HKⅡⅡIO MIITPOllOJIHTa, yKa3aHHble POCTOBCKOrO MOHacTblPll, MO)KHo aPXHenHCKOna H CKa3aTb, Cy34aJIbCKOrO eⅡHcKona 238. rpaMoTbl l479 II l482 1T・BOJIOrO,ⅡcKHM 223 AC31I, T. 1, Nb 291, 305. 224 A3MX, 1. 1, Nh 86. 225 AC31M, T. 111, JYb 58. 226 TaM >Ke, JYb 77. 227 TaM >Ke, JWh 269. 228 1<IIH3b Cy瓜HJITaK)Ke H 6PaTHIO. 229 AC3m, T. I, Nb 618. 2co Ad)311X, L1.1, Nb 193. 231 AC3II, T. I I, Nb 466 (BeJIIIKHii KHH3b cy"、II TaK)KG II 6I)aTIMIo) . 232 TaM )Ke, Nb 473. 233 TaM >Ke, JYb 475. 234 TaM )Ke, T・I11, Nb 278. 235 TaIw >Ke, T. 1, Nh 567, 568; rnB, noro瓜.1905, "J1. 80 06.­81 06., M 71. 236 ACSH, T. 111, M 216 (Be皿KHiI KIIfI3b Cy"JI TaK>Ke m 6PaTIIIO) . 237 TaM >Ke, Nb 282 (BeJIHKIlii KHH3b cy"JI npoTo!10na, c"皿eHHllKoB II nPlIIIT UepKoBHblii) . E皿e B TpaMoTe l467-148|l rr. 3ToMy co60py IIoc1allOBJ]eHIie 6bl.JIo I1Hoe: !f<A KOMy Ha rmx 6yneT Llero IIcKaTm, HHO IIx Cy>KIo H3 caM, KHfI3b Be,mKII, MH CaM aPxIIenmCKoII> (TaM IKe, JVh 281). 238 rl)aMoTa KammPcKOMy BeJIOneCOILKOMy MOHacTbrPlO OrPaIMIIIIBaJIa, OLIeBm八H0, 10PlICHHKuMIO M}ITPOIIOJIIIITa, a He KOJIoMGHCKOTO enHcKona. I/1. noKI)oBcKHii cLIHTaeT, IITo Ka皿Hpa Bxo4HJIa B KoJIoMGHcI<yI() enaPxIIIO c XIV B (H. n o K I) o B c K I! it yI<a3. ccIl., 'r. 1, cTp. 214) 9 C. M. KalllTaHoB 129
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neJIaM-HaII60JIeeJ1brOTHOenPaBIMO250,6JIarOnaPH KOTOpOMy H KPecTbHHe He OTPblBaJ1HCb oT CeJIbCKOxO3HiCTBeHU HblXpa60T251,IIMOHaXH6blJIHII36aBJIeHblOTIIaCTblXHnOP OrOcTOH皿Ix noe3noK B MocKBy; 2) 3anpe皿eHHe JIOBUaM H e3nPKaM CTaBIITbCH B MOHaCTblPCKOii BoTIIH|He, a He3BaU HblM rocTHM H nonpomaTaHM BxonHTb H B'Le3>KaTb B Hee. KpoMe Toro, B UeJIHx nolrbeMa MoHacTbIpcKoro̅ xd3Hiiユ cTBaMOHacTblPloO6ecneKIHBaJIoCbnpaBOHa- MOHOHOJIbHoe HcHOJIb30BaHIIG OcTPoBHOrO JIeCa (JIoBnaM 6blJIo 3anPe皿eU U HO Cerl. ero IIoI yrPO30ih 3anOBenlI)HnPeJoCTa BJIHJIOcb U npaBo6e306poIIHoiiJIQBJIIiPbl6b!BJIano)K6KoMo3epe<<Ha MaIIaCTIJIPcKylo HoTPe6y>>. KaKoBb' 6b'JTM TIomイTHIIecKHe M()THBbT BblJlaIIIJ rPaMOT KOHeBcKoMy II KnoncKoily MOllaCTbll],1M B aBrjcTe l"" CynfIHoco八el)>KaHIIIQ3TIIXfIKTOB,IIPaBHTeJIIJCTBOMMeJIOB "4y pe3Ko orpalIIIIIIITb cyne6Hble noJIHoMo[IIIH u no"opBaTIJ BJIIIHH11e l・I()BI、opOIcKoro aPXHemlcKOna. 3To IIaMePe"e noHFITHo B cBeTe MepoIIpPIFITHi HBaHa II1 1499- 1500rr.,。Korma6bIJIanPoB"el:IaIIacTHIIHaHceKyJIHPII3auHH ⑥ apxIIepeHcKHx II MoIIacTblpcKIIx 3eMeJIb B HoBropone. npo- THBOIIQCTaBJIeHIIeOJIHOiiIIaCTHlyXOBHblX巾eOnaJIOBXPyrOII "3p6"erLIeHIIH aHTIIUepKoBHoii ̅601)b6bI B6JIIDKa#IlieM 6y⑪ 且y皿eM - TaKoBa rJIaBHaH BHyTPHnOJIHTHIIeCKaHueJIb Bblu natlII paccMaTpIIBaeMblx rpaMoT. BeJIIIK" KHFI3b, KoHeIIHo, 3HaJI, KqMy oH BblnaeUpaMQTbl. KJIoncKIM MoHacTblpb e皿e B nepBOHnOJIOBI冊leXVB、6bIJI npoBoIHHKoM MocKOBcKoro U U B川IHII"BHoBroponcKoii3eMJIe.gf<BOpHcbcHoBroPoIcKHM 一 ooHpcTBoM H paTyH 3a BeJIMKoro KHH3H MocKoBuKoro, KJIonWIIH M9HWbl" noMor leJIy o6T,e"HeHmH HoBropoXa c ⑪ Moc"o"252 Bq<ope noc"e̅HoBropo八cKHx KOHq)IICKa皿H U ZO-80-x ronoB XV B HBaH III no>KaJIoBaJI HoBGIe geMJIIi KJIoncKoMyMoHacTbIpIQ"BnepemlcHoihKHHremejioMk6M mlTIIHbl7006(1497/98)EoTMeIIGIIo,[IToUepeBlIMBJIy6poU UeHCKOM nOrOCTe, IIPIIHanJle>KaBullie l)aHee O八I-IOMy @JIHIly, 6bIJIm p"meJIeHb! MejK4y BeJIHKIIM KHji3eM, IByMfI !foMe[J皿一 KamW H KJIopcKIIM MoHacTbIpeM 25a TaKHM O6ja30M, cTaBka U Ha KJIoncK" MoHacTbIpb B 1499 r. HBJIHJIacb &ecTecfBeH"M 250HHor1a ycTaIIaBJIHBaJIocbⅡBa HJIHT”cPOKa、 22EIcyェ【兄HoKJIoHcKojirpaMoTe、CI)OKOMFIBKII6風Ⅱo KI)enlGIIIIe, 6 1H- Bap月. 252 JT. A. m M II T P II G H nOBGCTII O )KII'1,111I MIIxalMa I<JIoI1cI<oro,M.- JI., 1958, cTI). 35. 253 HnK, T. 1V, CT5. 182;几 A. nMHTI)HeB yKaa l36 co[1., cTp. 34--35.
四 BblBOJIOM II3 MHorOJIeTHerO COTPymHIMqeCTBa Me>Kmy 3TOH KOPnOPalIIIeii H MOC.KOBCKHM BeJIHKOKHH>KecKIIM nPaBIITeJIbCTBOM・ KoHeBcK" MoHacTblpb no nl)Hcoe4HHeH" HoBropo" BxOLPIJI, 0[IeBHIHo, B IIHcJTO MaJIO nPIIBHJIermPOBaHHblX KOP- nopaU", no"mHeHIIblx HenocPencTBeHHo apxIIenHcKOⅡcKOii Ka.enpe 254 MoHacTblpb, no-BII皿MoMy, >KeJI 〃pa- 30pBaTbj3bI̅npe)KHeii3aBlicmMocTIIIIo6pecTHxo3HiicTBeHHylo II anMIIHIIcTPaTHBHyIO caMoCTOHTeJIbHoCTb, BCJIencTBIIe IIerO oH 6blJI 3aHHTePeCOBaH B TecHoM CoIo3e c BeJIHKOKHFI>Ke'CKO# BJIacTblo・Bo3Mo)KHo TaK>Ke, IITo MocKoBcKoe npaBIITeJIbCTBo maBIIo ycTaHoBWTO KOHTaKTbl c 3THM MOHaCTbl- 1)eM, npllilHMaH BO BHIIMaHHe ero IIOrPaHIIIIHoe nOJLO>KeHHe (B 1496 r" Bo BPeMRnOxOna PyccKI1x BOeBO八B HHJIHII- "IIo,MaPmpyTBoiiCKnl)Oxo皿JInococeacTBycKoHeBcKm》1 MOII(1CTI,1PeM)" BbUla[Ia rpaMoT IIMeJIa, KaK ITaM Ka>KeTcFI, He ToJIbKo BIIyTPMIIOJIHTHIIecKOe, Ho H BHemHeIJQ"TII¥2"oe 3HarIeHHe. B illicUoBbIx Ii nepenIIcHbIx KHIIrax 1498-1500 m yKa3aHb! IBa KoMnJIeKca BOTIIHH TpoHUKoro KJIoHcKoro MoHacTUpH』 o皿H - pacnoJIo>KeHHMii HenaJIeKo QTHoBIpponla(B ̲EpH- rOPbeBcIfoM KpeqHeEcKoILnorocTe Bo42Koii nHTHIE2E¥B Koc皿KoMnorbcTe256,BnoBepfl>KbeII3aBepflJKbe257me̲ JIOHCKO曲mTIIIIbl) , XPyrOh-no6JIII30cTH oT IcKoBcKoii rPa- H皿bI, ceBepo-BOCTotmee ncKoBa (B KypeUKoM 258HⅡy- 6poBeHcKoM norocTaxm 259 OHCKOh皿TIIHbl) JI . TaKIIM o61)a30M, m c aToi ToqKII 3peHHfI KJIoncKmi̲MoHacTblpb6blJIBbl6paHHecJIyIlaiiHo.BbmaIIaoTIMMeHHHBa- Ha lll H BacIIJIIIH rpaMoTbl 'Ha Bce BOTIIIIHbl MoHacTEIpH, BJIan'eBmero 3eMJIHMH B HorPaHIIIIHblx co HcKQBoM paio- Hax,neMoHCTPmPoBaJIancKOBCKO#BePxymKe,UmBOHIImm mBeUI11,IpeaJIbIIocTb no)KaJIoBaHH別HoBropoJlaBacHJIHIoII I1OJII、OTaBJIHBaJIaO61UeCTBeHHOeMHeHlieKnePCneKTルIBe6()JIee TeCHOro no八LIIIHeHIm ncKoBa cblHy BeJIHKoro KHH3H Moc- KoBcKoro. CJIenpBaTeJIbHo, oTKa3 1'IBaHa lll oT cBoero nep- BoHaIIaJIbHOTo HJIaHa nPHcoeXHIIeHIIH HcKoBa He o3|HaqaJI 25" BnpoweM, onpemeJIGHHbix "HHblx o6,ycTorIIIBbIx ""̲K"B"oIP MoilacTbl" 6 apxmemIcKoncKoii Kad)enPoii HeT (3EepmHcKmi, T・I, 雌255) 255 Hnl<, T. 111, CT6. 11. 250 TaM >Ke, T. V, cT6. 153. 257 TaM >Ke, T. 1V, cT6. 14-16; T. V, cT6. 292. 258 TaM >Ke, T. 1V, cT6. 14-16. 259 TaM ]Ke, cT6. 186. 137
nOJIHO# II yCTO#IIIIBOHno6enbl HocJIemero. BeJIHKIIii KHFI3b U ひ IICKaJI HOBbIe cnocO6bl BO3neicTBIIH IIa HenOKOPHylO HCKOB〆 0 Ky I o r o c n o n y . cy且只no nePenlIcHo# oKJTanHoii KHHre BoXcKoHⅡHTHHbl U u U 7008 ( 1 499/1 500) r, KoHeBcK" MoHacTblpb lIMeJI 3eMJIH B roponleHcKoM, KmpbFI>KcKoM, CaKyJIbcKoM, PoBmy>KcKoM, Ky#BomcKoM, Kop60ceJIbcKoM H KeJITymcKoM norOcTax 260、 pacnoJ1o)KeHHblx BnpJIb 3anaJHoro no6epe>KbH JIanp>KcKoTo o3ePa lI HenocPenCTBeHHo rPaHHIIHBmHx C BJIaneHHHMIi mBeuIIH. U 一 MecToHaxo)KneHHe BoTIIHH o60Hx MoHacTblpei IIMeeT OOJIbmOe 3HaIIeHlie nJIFI yTOIIHeHIIH BOnPOCa O BHemHenOJIHTIIuleCKIIX nPlILIPIHaX BblnaIIII rPaMOT. Eme B cepenHHe 90-x ronoB, qepe3 JIRa rona nocJIe 3aK川O(IGHIM PyCCKO-几aTcKoro coIo3a l493 1、., npaBPITeJIb IUBellHH CTeH CType noJIyIIIIJI H3 HapBbI II3Be6THe, [ITo naTcKI1ii KopoJIb XaHc o6e皿aJI I'IBalIy lll O6mlIPHylO IIacTb 4 U mBe4cKoII TepplITopIM B HarPany 3a BoilHy co mBeuHeH, a U U HMeHHo̲Bclo (bllHcKylo KaPeJIHIo: norocTb[ 3iipem (Ayrfipdi), HcKHc (Jiskis) H CaBoJTaKc (Savolaks) 261 3THMJI 260 <<BI)eMeHHHK OImP>, KH. X1. M., 1851, cTP l l、142, 193-195, 234235, 251-252; KH. XII. M., 1852, cTI). 32, 69-73, ll4-117, 141. 261 r.B. (D o I) c T e ll. BoI)b6a I13-3a rocnoJcTBa lIa BaJITIliicKoM MoPe B XV H XVI cTOmeTHHx. Cn6., 1884, cTp. 159-160, npHM. 3; K. B. B a3 II JI e B H II. yKa3. CO(1.、cTp. 380-381. 3To o6emaHMe MorJIo 6blrb naHo JIeToM I495 1、., noCne c'be3Zla B I<aJIbMal)e, IIe onPaBnaBmel、o H aJIe氷旦bI XaHca Ha nPII3IIaHIIe ero mBencKIIM KoI)oJIeM. y>Ke 6 aBrycTa l495 r. HBaH III npHKa3aJI cBoHM BoeBoJaM ImTH f<Ha cBeiicKoro KoPoJIH HeMeTUKoro" (nCPJT, T. 26, CTp. 289; cp. T. 1V, [L l, Bbln. 2, cTp、534; cp. TaK>Ke <Pa3pFLIHafI KIIMIra...>>, cTp. 24, J1.21; B 60JIbmmHCTBe JIeTOmICHbIx CBOHoB nOノ1 7004 r., 6e3 MecFIUa - ncP几T. 1V. Cn6., 1848, cTP・165; npyrlIe ToMa yKa3aHbl HM>Ke) ・ B ceHTH6Pe l495 r. l)ycCKMe BoiIcKa O6,JIo>KII.ノII,I Bbl6oI)I、, IIO He CMoI、. JIH B3FITI] ero II npmIIJIII B HoBroI)oノ1 25 neKa6I)FI '1495 r. (<<Pa3pyI/〔}laFI KHIira".>,, cTP 26; r. B. o P c T e H. yK83. CoIL, cTp. 157) B IIepBoHⅡoJIoBIIHe l496 I、. 6bIJI0 cOBep皿ellO TPlI noxoma, IIaIIa.ノio KOTOPblX OTHOCIITCFI K flHBaPIO (Ha l<aflHCKyIO 3eMJI1O) , amPeJ1Io (nOノl Bbl60pr) , MIoHIo (Ha l<aflIIcKyIo 3eMJIIo) (nCP几T. 26, cTp. 290; cp.T. VI, cTp. 39-40, 240; T V111, cTp. 230-231; T. XII, cm. 210. 242; T.. 20, nepB" no、noBHHa, cTp. 362-363; T、24, cTp. 241-242; T. 28, cTp. 160, 326; r. B. o I) c T e H. yKa3. co[I.、cTp. 157-158; K. B. B a 3 H .m e B II LI. yKa3. coII., cTp 387-392) . l-Ianl)aBJIe[1|I,IH pyccKIIx noxoAOB nonTBel)>KnalOT xapaKTeP o6emallIIfl, 4a}IHoro I1BaIIy lll KopoJIeM XaHcoM @「IeToM 1495 r.E皿e B KoHne l494- Ha'laJIe 1495 r. peLIb m.rla o pyccKIIx IIPeTeH3mfIx I-la 3eMJII,I B III)yl,oM I)aiioIIe llIBeJIcKoro q)1111""M'') KoPoJIGBcTBa - enMcKoncTBe A60ccKoM (co6cTBeHll o (10. H 皿e l) 6 a II e B. KOnellrareHcKHe aKTbl, OTHO138
3eMJIHMII II3naBHa BJIaAeJI HoBropo,m, Ho Ho OpexoBeUKo- MymoroBopyl323r.oIIH6blJIli̲XcTynJIeHblmBeUHH262. ECJIII BeplITb IIcToLIHIIKy HaIIaJIa XVI B,̲TeppHT"", KoTo- pble KoPoJIb XaHc corJIamaJIcH QmaTbHBaHXm,̲ np9cTm- baJIIIcb Ha 200 MMJlb B IJIHHy ll 20 B皿IIpHHy 263. Ham60JIee io>KHbli H3 ynOMFIHyTblx PaiiOHoB - 3ipenfl - 3aHIIMaJI nPoCTPaHcTBoMe>KIIy①}IHCKHM3aJIPIBOMHa3anane,PeKa- MiI C6cTpoii H Caeii Ha BocToKe li rPaHliqliJI c KeJIT)L山CKHM, Kop60ceJIbcKIIM,̲KyhBoglcKIIM,P"Uy>KcKIIMI[CaKyJIhF cKHM norocTaMH BoHcKo曲nHTHHbl. HCKHC, PaCnOJIO>KeHHblii ceBepHee Bbl60pra, rpaHIIKIHJI c ropo4eHcKHM̲JIorocToM Ha BocTbKe H KHp6fl>KcKIIM norocToM Ha ceBepe. naJIbme K ceBePo-3anamyJ1G>KaJ1a o61Ⅱ川)HaH o6JIacTb CaBoJIaKc, nPxo八HBm”且oくKafll!a MoPfI)" (BoTHm[lecKoro 3aJ1IIBa) 264 TaKIIM o61)a30M, 3iipenfl II HcKHc Henocpe4cTBe"o nPHMblKaJIHKTeMIIorocTaM,rmeHaxO且IIJIHCbBOTIIHI化IKo- H6BcKoro MoHacTblpH; HHa[le roBopH, rpaMoTa K'oIHeBcKoMy MoHac'Tblplo'y'KpenJIHJIanpaBamBaHalllHBacHJIHRHa3eMJIII, pacHoJIoJKeHHble pflLoM co mBe4cKIIMH BJIaneHH兄MH・ BOT[IIIHbl KJIoncKoro MoHacTbIpH B KypeuKoMHny6poBeHCKOM nOrOCTaxmeJIOHCKOii nFITHHbl 6bmⅡcocPenPToqe- liblB PaiiOHe, J1e>KaBmeMIIa6JIII3KIMX nOLCTynaXK JIHBOH1IH Iイ①HHcKoMy 3aJIHBy, Bo3JIe KOToPOrO HaXOⅡHJIacb pyc- cKaH KPenoCTb - HBaIIrOPo,m, noCTPOeHHaJI HBaHOM III B 1492 r. ̅HanpoTHB JIHBoHcKoii KpenocTH HapBbl H nperpa>K- n,aB山aH nyTbmイBOHcKHM HeMUaM H mBenaM B PyCCKlie BJIa- neHHfl Ha IO>KI-IOⅥⅡo6epe>Kbe HHcKoro 3aJIHBa 265. B aBry̲ cTe l496 r. I/IBaHToPo且ⅡomBePrCH HananteHIIIo mBeXOB M 6blJIpa3pymeHHMmⅡOIITHⅡoocHoBaHHfl266.TeMcaMblM c月皿IIeCFI K pyccKoiM MCTOPMI, BbIⅡ、1. M., 1915, M 3). no3ToMy MHelIIIe、6vJITo XalIc o6e皿aJT IJBaIW III Kal)emIIo B 1493 r., nl)M 3aKJIIo- [leH岨colo3ⅢoI、o 」,oroBopa (r. B o Pc T e H. yKaa CoIL;̲cTp. 160, nPllM.; K. B. 6 a 3 H J1 e b lI (I. yKa3. coq.! cTp. 380-381, 395, cp・CTp 387), HeJ11,3fl cLIHTaT1, 13noJIHe JIQKa3aHIjblM 262 rBHIIn, Nb 38 (<<CeBHJIaKmlo, HcKbl, O叩e6y") . 263 r. B. o I) c T G ll. yKa3. coII., cTp. 160, nplIM.; cp.I.EKUB, 2-te Abt., Bd. 2, Nb l51a, S. 99, 264C. ran3月ⅡK '' ii, KapeJ'b' 'I Kapem硯 B HoBroPomcKOe BPeMH. neTPo3aBoJIcK、1941,npllmo>KeHIIe[JYb2]­くCxeMaTIIIIecKaHKapTa K ]16Tol)IIII Kal)eJIIII{ XIV-XV BB,>>; cp・TaK>Ke K. A. HeBo,IIHH' O nnTIIHax I1TIorocTax HoBrol)oncKIIx B XVI BeKe. Cn6" 118531, KapTa B KoHUe KIII'rl1; rBHp1n, Nb 38 ((」「mcaH''e py6e)Keii) . 265 ndnpo6Hee cM.: K B B a 3 !! 、n e B II 、Lyl24̲p9[L, cm 383-384 . 266くncKoBcKHe @JIeToI1IIcH>、Bbln. 1, cTp. 82; nCP几T. 1V, L1.1, BbIn. 2, cTI). 534; T. VI,cTp. 42; T. V111, cTP、233; T. XII, cTI)、244; T. 24, 139
Tepl)HToI)111,I KypeuKoroHⅡy6poBeHcKoro norocToB meJ1 OIICKOHnHTIIIIbl KaK 6bl nPH6JIII3IIJIHCb K C巾ePe BO3Mo>K・ U Hblx JIIIBOIIcKo-mBenCKHx HblxJIHBOHcKo-mBe且CKHx BTOI〕》KeHHH・ BTOI)>KeHHIi̅ KaKoBa 6bIJIa Me>KmyHaponHaH o6cTaHoBKa K MoMeHTV Bbl且a[IHPacCMaTPmBaeMblx rPaMOT? B MapTe l497 r・皿BeUl'IFI 3aKJIIo[IIIJIEI c POCCHeii nePeu MHPHe, nPH'IIeM rPaHIIUbl nPe瓜ⅡOJIaraJIOcb OnPeXeJIIITb Ha HOBoM c.be3八e ynOJIHOMOIIeHHblx, KOTOpbli, no CJIoBaM r" B. opcTeHa, <<Ka>KeTcH, He cocToHJIC別》267. 26 HoH6DH L497rJ<opOlLXaHc6bIJIKopoHoBaHmBeJIcKoiMKopoHoifB CToKroJIbMe 268 }1 o6'beIIIIHI1&m B cBoIIx pyKax BJIa6Tb Ham UaHIIei, HopBerHeHII IIIBeⅡHeii. HecMoT" I{a nepeMHpHe U U I,I nepexo八山BenCKOH KOPOHbl K COIO3HルIKy HBaHa lll­且aTCKOMy KOI)OJII0, n()rPaHHIIIII,Ie KOH(bJIHKTbl Me)Kny l)yCCKIIMII H mBe八aMII nl)OノIoJT)Ka"「IHcI> H oco6ellllo o60cTI)IIJIIIcb B 1 499- 1 50()rr269XaHcHecneuIII"nepemaTbieJIIIKoMy KHFI3Ioo6elllaIIIIble3eMJIli,BMJIHMo,HGToJII]KoHoToMy,IITt) OHくOnaCaJICfl Bbl3BaTb l)a3八l]a>KeHIIe co cTOI)OIIIJI mBeJIcKoro p3Ta H yBeJIIIIIHTb IMcJIo cTopoHHHKoB CTeH CType, KoTOPblII nPonoJI>KaJI JeIICTBOBaTb npOTIIB KOpoJIH>> TopblHnpo1oJI>KaJI1eHcTBoBaTbⅡpoTHB KopoJIH〉270.CTaB 270 mBencKIIM KopoJIeM, Xal-Ic enBa JIII 6blJI 3aルIHTePeCoBaH B u HoTepe aTIIx TeppHTopHi BecHoii l498 E CToKro)IbM Hoce○ THJIO PyccKOe nOcoJIbCTBo, IWeBmee 3a"IIeii yPeryJIIIPOBa・ u HHg no[paHIIIll1bIx cnopoB 27'. B cKII6cKoi XPomIKe̅ no4 1499 r. paccKa3aHo o npH6bITIIH B UaHHIo HocJIoB II3 PocCHHHo6 0TIIPaBKe nocJIe 3Toro naTcKIIx nocJIoB B Moc- KBy272・nocKoJIbKye皿e.6HpHH 1499r.opneHMeicTepJ1IIU BoHpKoro opmeHamIcaJI II3 BeH4eHa xoxMeiicTepy, tITO naTcKHii KopoJIb co6HpaeTcH cHapH"Tb nocoJIbcfgO K BeJIII- IfOMy KH2310 273, MO)KHO HOJIaraTb, IITO PyCCKOe nOCOJIDCTBO 6bl!ノIO B nallIIルI Lo HIoHH 1499 r. naTcKoe >Ke IIoco.汀MTBoBo cTp、244 (B Co巾IIjiCKOii l l, JII)BOBCK()曲ⅡT肌CBoノle l518 1、­u迄)JL 7005 r.; 11CP几T. VI,CTI).241; T. 20, IIepBaFI noJIoBI[lla, cTI). 365; T28, cTp. 329) ; r. B o p c T e ll. yKaa boLl., cTp l58; K B.̅B a& 311JI e BIILI・yKa3. coLI., cTI). 392. 2W [. B. <P O P c T e H" yKa3. cbLI" cTI). 159 268 C. F・Allel]・De tre nordiske Rigers Histol・ie, B(1. 1. Kbh., 1864, s. 154. 269 1、.B. opcTGII. yKa3・co[1., cT、p. 159. 270 K. B・Ea3 m m e B !! q. yKa3. colI" cTp. 395. 27' C. F. A・l l e n. OI). cit., Bd. 1, s. 198. 272 KMpnL!n)ePtq ljiStoriae Dania", 1, 1873, s22, 409; LEKUB,2-te Abt., Bd、1, S. 623,Anm. 2. 273 LEKUB, 2-te Abl., Bd. l, Nb 823, S. 623. 140
ぞ rJIaBe eⅡMcKoIIoM C QIeHceiicKIIM EHcoM AUepceHoM274 ⑪ Ⅱ”6blJIoB MocKByToJIbKoB巾eBpaJIel500r、275 PvCcK5e noco"1JcTBol499nnpjDKHo ̅6blJIo Bblno"WiTb 4Ba̅idWn" ̅I'IBaHa lll: ! l 496mTbCa nl)Ii3HaH" "29gご cHei o6も山aHIIbIx TeppllToplIii; 2) nocBaTaTb cblHa BeJIIIKoro KHH3fl - BacH川,IH - K nPIIePH且aTCKOrO KOPOJIH-npIIH- Ie"̅Eim3aBeTenonepBoMyBonpocyKopoJIbo6paTWlCg K mBe八CKoMy CoBeTy 3a Pa3'bFIcIIeHHHMHH瓜OKyMeHTaJIbHblMH ⅡOLTBep]KノIeHHFIMII TePPl'ITOPHaJIbHblx nPaB mBe4⑪ cKoii KopoHbl. Ha BTo"ii gonPoc oH oTBSTIIJI, no-BH瓜HMOU My,TaKjkeyKJIoHLIIIBo276.CKopeeBcel、o,XaHc3afIBIIJI,!ITo OmPaBMT B MOCKBy CI1eUllaJIbHOe nOCOハbCTBO, KOTOPOe nepe"cTBeJIliKoMyKHfi310erOOKoHIIaTeJLQHOeMWMp mTcKilii Kop6Jlb Be"n cJIo>KIIylo Iirl)yB HIoHe l429 rpjl 哩 4pfRE"e,,Hohpm"JIBCToKfoJIbMpnocoJI9"9̲Q'八eHa, nPemJIaraB皿erobMycoIo3npoTIIBPoccIIILKopoJIbBblpa- 3AJI roToBHocTb npmHfITb B KoneHrarelie HQE92̲noJIHoMoIl- II65 nocoJIbcTBo JIiiBoHIIII B ToM>Ke l499 r. 277 XaHc xoTeJI, LITo6bl OpneH npII3HaJI npaBa nal冊IH Ha HeKorna nPlIHantJIeIKaBmli6 eii 66JIacTM XapmeH K BI1pJIa" B 3cTJI"U 八mi"rEMeCTe6TeMOHHeXeJ1amyCTYjaTbPOCCIII|ofie- lilaHHbie HBaHy lll 3eMJIH B K4PeⅢⅢⅢ. no3ToMy, 3Hafl 3a- MMOEaHndbTbJIIIBOHIlumpbCcml!BCOlO3CmaU": KOPOJIbcTPeMIIJIcHcToJIKHyTbMxIIHTePefb[HⅡyTeM.JIaBI4U POBaHwI八O6HTbC月瓜JIH Ce6H Hal'IBblrO八Hei皿HX yCJIOBIIIi. B cBeTe nplIBeneHHblx 4aHHbIx Bblflc"gIcFI BHeU」HenoJ1IITTiqecKoe 3IfaqeHme Bbinaqm B aBrycTe l499 rpT o6be八m'HeHHoro JIHUa HBaHa lll H BacwIIIfl rpaMoT HoBropo4cKII:w U MoIHacTblpFIMHa3ewII'I,coCe皿HecKapeJmeiill6、IM3KIIe K HBaHrOPomy. 274B、ntlTIIIIcKoiiTpaHcKI)IITIIIIIH<<Joanl1GsA11(11.eeU ̲deplltatusepiscopus Ottoniensis>, B li3JIozKeHIm llyc(pKIIX JIeTqqlI"H 《KamJIaH,ルIMel1pM ii63"̅̅̅5 IIEM cM: C P Fa l u d a n "l U l l e rJens AnderseV 55IMak̅BiSkop i Fyen Odense, 1827,44 (2HaKoWicTBoMc 31oi'! u KI-IHI-ofl FI o6H3aI1川o6e311()cTli nl)o(P p. a (D. CMII'1、a} 275 ir", T VI, cTp 44, 243; T VUl, c'rp"8;J XII, cTI)250; 1,.20、 nepBa団リ10JIOBIIl・la, CTP、369; T.28,cTp.332. CBenfeIII,ifl cHoInGHI,IFIx o P;&m c na,,,,eii B koHUe XV - Hauai'eXVI̲E. cMJJ Qmlcl! 49xli- MW66oJI"5rO npllKa3al614 r" 」JL 266-267 od (i(OIIIIp!1 Ual)- Ekoi.6 apxmBa XVrBeKa ll aPlfU" nocojnhgKoFo nl)IjKa3a l614 rojla>'、 n()JI I)e且.C. O. mMmユTa.M., 1960, cTp. 1 16) 276 C,F.̅A l l e n. Ol). cit., Bd. 1, s、198. . 277 W・En z Die huswirtige Politik des livlanflischen Ordensmeisters Waltel・ voll PIcilellberg bi|s 1510.Riga, 1928, S. 81 278 1bid<g,111; C. F. A l l e ll. OI). Cit., Bd. 1, s. 200. 141
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noCOJIbCTBO nPeCJIenOBaJIO, nO-BMIIMQMy, IIeJIb OnPen<e- 。meHI-IO曲 ⅡoJIIITHIIEcKoii,meMoHcTpaUlIH.BeHeⅡHFIHaXO瓜ⅢJIacb Bo Bpa]Kne6Hblx oTHoIIIeHmRx c nPyrlIMH IITaJIbHI-ICKHO MmrocynaPcTBaMII.BMapTel499rpHa3aKJIIoqIIfmaMmpc ひ TypUIIeii 282. HHTepecIIo,-ITo Hap"y c oTnpaBKoHnocoJIb- cTfa B BeHeUHIo HBaH III HanpaBIIJ[ cBoero nocJIa K cyJI- TaHy283・nOKa3blBafl KoPOJIflM noJIb皿HmBeHrpIIH, KoToPbI5 6bIJIIipomHblMH6PaTbHMIL AJIeKc3H4paJIlIJpBcKoro, △ bBoe HaMep5HIie c6JIM31iTbcH c BeHeuliei, MBaH III neM"ユ 6TDHDOBaJI" "elO CO3"HIIR MOrymeCTBeHHOh KoaJIIIUmll384. B63Jfo)KeHme nocoJIbcKoM MMccHII Ha npll6JIII)KeHHoro CoU 上 』 凹 d)blInaJ1eoJIor,weiicblHHa3HaIlaJIcflBeJIHKlLMKHfI3eMHoBU ,bPOJIa P, nCKOBa, 4OJI>KIIO 6blJTOノIoKa3aTb HreJIJIOHaM BHyA TpbHHee yKpenJIeHHe npoTIIBHKKa, oTcyTcTBHp̲ B MoWe n9U ʻmmTII[leclfli)<cIIJI,MorylUMxConPOTIIBJIfITbcfIIIBaHylII,八eIfcTBVfl B noJIb3V ー BeJIIiKoro KHH3H JIIIToBcKoro, T. e. 6ecnepジ cnekTIIBHocTb ̅cTaBKII cneKTHBHocTb cTaBKm Ha Ha BacHJIIIH BacHJImHKaK KaK6paTa 6paTa JIHToBcKoH BeJIIIKo# KHHrHHH, I-IenPBOJIbHoTo HOBeneHHeM cBOerO oTUa. U IIonblTKa 3aBoeBaHHFI o6皿HPHOii TePPHTOPHII K BOCTOKy oT HoBropo且cKoH3eMJIHo3HaIIaJIa HoBropoHcKoi seMJIII o3HaIIaJIa TeH4eH TeH且eHuHIo K pacmmpe。 HHIO BJ1anleHIIm HoBroPOXCKOro BeJIPIKOrO KHfl3fl, n,eJIana erO 3allHTepecoBaHHbIMB̅BoeHIHbIxycnexaxHBaHallLocJIa6- lJ1FIJIa B KaKoih-To Mepe BO3Mo>KHOcTb npeTeH3Hh BacIMHFI Ha BIIyTPeHHIIe PaiioHbI POCCIm, a TaK)Ke nPlイユaBaJIa eMy U U <<pa31)fl/lllafl KIIIIra".>, cTp 29)IIoJII)oOljee Q6 3Toii 3Kcne,111111|l! cM: K. B.̅ B a 3 II @II G B II !l. yKa3. coII., cTI). 403-407. 282 I<.B.Ba31I・ノI e B H II. yKa3. CoII., cTP、426. 283 B J1eToIIIIcfIx cKa3aHo,[ITo mocoJ1 yexaJI B MapTe l499 r. (IICP几 'I. V1, cTp. 43m且p.). B()JIee ToIIHyIo uaTy - 16 MapTal499 1、­[{axo八HM BnocoJI1コcKIIx l<HIII、ax (<<C6. PHO>', T. 41, JYb 60、CTI). 280- 282; I<. B. B a 3 II JI e B !! il. yKaa coI1., cTP. 429-4301 284 KaKyIo noJIHTwqecKyIo MIIccHIo IiamJ1e>Ka-「Io BblnoJIHI'ITb noc.maM B ca- Moil ̅ I/ITamm, cKa3aTI) TI)ynHo. OHII IIMeJIII BepIITeJIbHyIo I、I)aMoTy OT I/iBaHa lll K nane AJIeKcaHIIpy VI (P P i e l、l i n g. La RL1ssie et le Saint Sidge, v. 1. Pal・is, 1896, p・197-198i rJIyxoe ynoMIIHaH'He o6 aToM nioKyMeHTe: n. 0. n l:I P JI JI H̲r, PoccImⅢⅡanCK}Iii npeCTOJI, KI{. l . M.、 1912, CTp、235) 、 l l MapTa l500 r. npIIcyTcTBoBaJIII Ha 3aceノlalIⅡI1 KoIICIIcTopH11, me nana nPoII3IIOcHJI nl)onoBeIIb nPoTMB TyP()K (P.P i e r li n 9. 01). cit., v. I, p、208; n.0. n,M p JIH II r. y、Ka3. co[I, 6Tp.. 247; E. rm M v p JI o. PIIM II MocKBa. Ha[laJIO cHomellIA Moc- KoBcKoro rocyllapcTBa c nancKIIM npecToJIoM.­《3amlcKII PycCKoro H|CTOPHTIeCKOrO O6皿ecTBa B nPare", KH' 11I npara 'IemcKa只一HapBa, 1937, cTp. 93, cH. 2). O collep>KaHIIII I,Ix nepe]、OBOPoB c BelleUIIaHl-IaMmHaM HIIIIerOIlem3BeCTHO,HO, BePOFITHO, nOCJIbI I/IBaHa lll He Pa3PylllaJII"I IIJIJIIO3IIi'1 0TIIOCMTeJIIJHO BO3MOIKIIOrO yIIaCTⅢfI Poccllll B allTIifypenKoM coIo3e (n 0. n II 1) JT II H r. yKa3. corl., cTp. 247) . 143
60'mbuIIIii Bec B rJIa3aXHHOCTPaHHblX OOnbⅡIIIABeC rJIa3ax HHocTpaHHblx MOHaPXOBH叩e>K且e MoHapxoB H npe>Kne Bcero naTcKoro KopoJIH, KoTopblii, no)KepTBoBaB KapeJIHeii H cTaB TecTeM BacHJIHH, AIor 6bl paccIIHTblBaTb Ha yKpenJIeHIIe几aTcKOrO BJIIIHHMIH Ha orPOMHoM nPOCTPaHCTBe Ce- BepHoii PoccHII H noXqlIHeHHblx eii o6JIacTeih BnJIoTb Jo yPaJIa m 3ana皿oii CH6HpH. HeymiBHTeJIbHoHo3ToMy,IITonpoTHBoneiicTBHepeme"Io o Ha3HaIIeHIIII Bac"" BeJIHKHM KHH3eM HoBroponia lI ncKOBa mBaH III BocnPlIHFIJI c 60JIblHHM Pa3nPa>KemieM H IocTal)aJIcFI KaK MozKHo 6blcTpee rlI)eceqb. OTcIona - aPecT POMOノIaHoBcKoro H Kopo60Ba,八ByX LIJIellOB nePBOrO nCKOBcKOrO IIOcOJ1bCTBa H nocJIe八ylo皿aH 60Pl>6a CO HCKOBOM. Kpma, HaKoIIeU, HBaHy lll yAaJIocb no6HTbcfl npli3HaHⅡHBacMIJ1HFIBenHKIIMKHFI3eMH巾OPMaJIbHOrO3aKPenJIeHHFI 3a llHM HoBropo" (29 HIoJIH 1 499 r.) , BeJIHK" kHH3b, OqeBII4HO, y)Ke 3HaJI o 60J1ee HJIII MeHee O6Hane>KHBalOmeM oTBeTe KoPoJIFI XaHca oTHocHTeJIbHo 6paKa BacHJTHfl H EJIH3aBeTblHco3HaBaJIe皿eHCHeeHeBO3Mo)KHoCTbnPl'Io6peTellIIH KapeJIIIII 4pyrHM nyTeM. 3HaJI oH, cKopee Bc6ro, KO且HDJIOMaTII'IeCKIIx CHOmeHHHX MeH〈八y naHI'e曲HJIH- BoIIcWM opLeHoM 285.BoT HoIIeMyBaBrycToBcKIIx rpaMoTaxl4991、. HOBroPonCKHMI MOHacTblI)flM nOnTBeP>KnaJIHCb BeJIHKoKHH>KecKPIe npaBa BacIIJIIIfl Ha 3eMJIII, cMe)KHble c PaioHaMIi̲fIcKmCa m SiiPem, M Ha 6JIII3KHe K JImBoHIIII TePI]IJToI)IM meJIoHcKoii nHTHHbI. npaB八a, HBaH III He noBe"JI BacHJIHIo II He oTJaJI eMy B巾aKTI1IIecKoe o6JIama'HHe HoBropon|cKylo 3eMJIIo. BaC1M噸6blJI JIHmb 。opMaJIbHblM conpaBHTeJIeM HBaHa lll nO IIaCTH且eJI, KaCaBmHxcH HoBropo4cKoii 3eMJIH. 3Ta TaK- THKa l/IBaHa, nPenycMoTPHTe,JIbHaH c BHyTPImOJIHTHIIecKO# TOIIKH 3PeHIIH, BePOHTHO, CHII3HJIa BHemHenOJIIITIIIIecKHih 3艸eKT no>KaJIoBaHHH BacHJIIIIo HoBT、oponta B BeJIIIKoe KIIFDKeHIIe, TaK KaK nPonteMoHCTPliPoBaJIa nOIcTaBHoit xaPaKTeP pOJIH BToPorO BeJIHKOro KHH3H. nl)HBJIeKafl BacHm畑 B KaIIecTBe BeJIHKorO KHH3H BceH PyCH K yIIaCTIIIO B HMMyHIITeTHOiⅡOJIHTHKe nO oTHOmeHHIo K HoBrol)ony, I/IBaH III npec,IIenpBaJI UeJIb, Bo-nepBblx, cBH3aTb c ero IIMeHeM 60pb6y npoTHB npeporaTIIB HoBroPoXcKorO aPxIienHCKona, Bo-BTOPblX, cO3naTb BHnIIMOCTb CorJIacHFI Me>KIy BeJIHKHM KHH3eM H erO cTaPmHM cblHoM, 285,"nOllcKoeJocoJbcTBqBepHynocbHapoJJIHyBKoHHeMIojIH 1499E (W Lellz.Op cit., S. 81). 144
3."MHTe丞沙KHH3H Bac皿入HH 1500 r. Bo3Mo)KHo, nJIaH yperyJIIIpoBaHIIH KoH。JIHKToB BHyTpm BeJIIIKOKHH)KeCKOrO ceMeitcTBa 6blJI mmPe II' BKJIIOIIaJI B Ce- 6fI, ecJIII BeplITb coo6皿eHIIIo KpaTKoro JIeToHHcnia, npoeKT pa3八a"IIII yAeJIoB 4ByM MJIammHM cblHOBbHM BeJIHKOro KHH- 3H - IOplIIo H nMIITpIIIo (cJI"ylo皿HM IIO CTaPmH'HCTBy nocJIe BacHJIHH) 286. KpaTKIIji JIeToHIIceU coo6UaeT, IITo IOpIIIo npe皿a3HaqaJIcH nMIITPoB, a UMHTPHIO - yrJIIIII. Ho>KaJIOBaHHe cOcTOflJIOcb He PaHb皿e 29 HIoJIH 1499 r. ocy皿ecTBOBaHHH npoeKTa nyxOBHOhHBaHa lll, BblPa60TaHHoro np l500/01 r., Mbl y)Ke roBopHJIH Ha ocHoBaHHII U CPaBHHTeJIbHOrO a|HaJIH3a TPex HCTOxlHKKOB: nyXOBHOH H naHHO曲HBaHa lll l504 r・HnPHHHcHoii rPaMoTbl K XyxoBHoit BacHqJIHH TeMHoro 287・TenePb o6paTIIMcH K nPyrHM MaTepllaJIaM. B meKa6pe l499 r. IIBaH III npoMeHflJI cBeTcKHM 。eo"JIaM (Ko30naBJIHM) HeKoTopble pMIITpoBcKIie 3eMJII1, npHo6peTH B3aMeH 3eMJIII B MocKoBcKoM ye3,me 288.1 7 。eBpaJIH 1500 r. oH BblnaJ1 zKaJIoBaHHylo rpaMoTy KIIpIIJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTblplo Ha JBa ceJIa B HMIITpoBcKoM ye3nte 289. 3To cBIImeTeJIbCTByeT, C oJHOii CTOPOHbl, o ToM, IITo B KoHUe l499 - IIaIIaJIe l500 r. IOpHit IIe HMeJI nMIITpoBU cKorO yneJIa, OAHaKo, C ,mPyroH CToPOHbl, TaKoe 'BHIIMaHHe HBaHa lll K nMHTPOBy, Bo3MO)KHo, HBJIFIeTcH HOKa3aTeJIeM IKaKHx-To nPHTH3aHHIIi Ha Hero. MaJIoBepoHTHo, xoTH HcTOIIHHKaMII nPHMo H He OnPOBePraeTCH (HO H He nOnTBeP>K"eTcH) , JIonymeHHe, 、ITo IOpHii noJIyIIIIJI yXeJI B aBrycTe II BJIaneJI IIM np HoH6pH 1499 r. HHTePeCHa JIOKaJIH3aⅡⅡH3eMeJIbHO-IIMMyHHTeTHOji nOJIHTIIKH HBaHa lll B OTHOmeHHH nMIITPOBCKOro ye34a B KoHUe l499 -HaIIaJIe l500 r・HBaH III oTnaJI CBeTCKHM BOTIIHHHIIKaM 3eMJIH B BocTO[IHoih qacTH且M HTP OBCKOrO ye3na (c. CympBo, no cocentcTBy c nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKHM ye3nPM) , a B3aMeH B3flJI 3eMJIH B ceBePo-3ananHoii uacTII MocKoBcKoro ye3" (B BblKoBe cTaHe) . rpaMoTa KIIp"JIoBeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTblplo KacaJIacb ceJI B 3ananHoM, KaMeHcKoM cTaHe mMHTpoBcKoro ye3na. BbIKoB cTaH MocKoBcKoro ye34a H KaMeHcK" cTaH IMIITpoBcKoro ye34a 286 H. C, JI y p lJ e. I<paTKIIA JIeToHIIcen n〔)ro瓜HHcKoI,o co6paHHH.<<Apxeorpa。IIIIecKmii e>Kero皿HK 3a l962 1、o,心. M., 1963, cTI). 443. 287 C.M. Ka皿T a H O B. nmmloMaTIIKa KaK Cne皿aJILHaH IICToPlItIecKaFI 八HcUl,Imll,IHa.­《Bonpocbl lIcTopml)>, 1965, Nb l, cTp. 42-43. 288 ACSI'I, T. I, Nb 624. 289 TaM >Ke,T, II、Nb 301. l O C . M 、 K a m Ta H o B 145
6blJIH o6pa皿eHbl B cTopoHy ynleJIa enopa BopHcoBII[Ia BoJIOUKOrO, aKTHBHO yKPenJIHBmerO CBoII IIoJIHTII'IecKHe nO- 3ImHII B 3To BpeMH: B MapTe l500 r.①enpl) BblnaJI ]KaJIOBaHHyIO rPaMOTy lIOcII巾o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoMy MoHacTblplo Ha IBOP B r・BoJIoKoJIaMcKe 290. Mepbl npeppcTopo)KHocTHⅡpoTIIB BoJIoUKoro KHH3H, nPHHHTble B KoHne l499- Ha'IaJIe 1 500 r., 40 H3BecTHoA cTeneHH Ho4TBep>KXaIoT BepcIIIo o nPOeKTe lIJIH巾aKTe KpaTKoBpeMeHHoii oT,maIIH IOpIIIo nMIITPOBcKOro ye3八a・ nepexoX y'皿池a lI yrJIHn;KOrO ye3" B PyKII UMHTP" B l499 HJIIi l500 r・He nonKpenJIHeTcH JIa>Ke HaMeKaMII. Mo>KeT 6blTb, naMFITb o .MHTe>KHoM AH4pee yrJIIiUKoM ynep>KIIBaJIa HBaHa lll oT nepenaIIH yrJIHIIa B yneJI. BMecTe c TeM BblnaIIa KIIpHJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTblpIo oX'HoBpe④ MeHHo c rPaMOToH Ha JMIITPOBCKHe ceJIa rPaMOTbI Ha BJIa- 1eHIIH B BoJIoroXcKoM ye3,me 291 HaBo瓜HT Ha Mbl.CJIb7 He nPenHa3HarlaJIacb JIII IMIITpIIIo BoJIoma BMecTo ymHIIa 292. BnpouleM, yKpenJIeHIIe BeJIHKoKHH)KecKIIx npaB B BoJIorne U MorJIo onPenleJIHTbCFI OnaceHHeM nPeTeH31IH |Ha Hee co cTo- poHbl BacHJIHH. nPOBeZeHIIe Cy,瓜a no cnopHoMy 3eMeJIbHoMy nleJIy B Mo瓶aiicKoM ye3ne, HeKorna nPHHaAJIe]KaBmeM AHnpelo BoJIbI H O M y , " B J I H e Tc H K o c B e H H b l M n O K a 3 a Te J I e M T O r O , I I T O e r o H a 、 CJIe4cTBo nPlIBJIeKaJIO K ce6e BHHMaHHe |BeJIIIKoKHH)KecKOro npaBHTeJIbcTBa (nPaBaH rpaMoTa 6bIJIa no皿mCaHa 27 HoH6" l500 r. 293, HaIIaJIcHンKe nPoILeCc, Bo3MO)KHO, 3a , H e C Ko J I b KO M e C H n ' e B I o 3 T O r o ノ . npoeKT pa3naIIII yneJIoB MJIa瓜mHM cbIHOBbflM BO BTOpoii noJIoBIIHe l499 r. npecJIeXoBaJI, BepoRTHo, neJIb HeitTp aJII13auHHnpHTH3aHIIi BacIIJIHH Ha yneJIbHble TeppHToplllI CeBepo-BocToIIHoii PycII. 0 A(p3IIX, w. 11, Nb 26. 29 1 29 ACali, T. 11, JYb 300. 2 29 nOKa HwIeM OmPe"eJIeHIIblM IIeJIb3FI noKa3aTb, [ITo K 3TOMy BPeMeHII oTHOCHTcH II KoPMJIeHaH rPaMOTa Ha BOJIorOnCKylo BoJIOCTb qaBUy B 3aKy6eHbe, BblAallHaH I'IBalloM IIIHnOIIIHCaHHaH KHFI3eM HMルITpHeM IMBaHoBHIIeM (ACSH, TJ1 1, MJ 279; cM. TaK>Ke B npIIMeIIaH皿1 li. A. roJIv6uoBa M B HacToH皿eii Pa60Te O BO3MO>KHOCTII OTO)K4eCTBJIeH" ynOMI'IHaeMOrO 34eCb KHH3fl HMIITPHFI IIBaHOBII[Ia C nMIIT- ● 、 PLIeM -BHyKoM). 293 ACSH, T. 11, Nb 422. CBH3aHa JIMI aKTIIBII3amlH BeJIルIKOKHfDKecKO ii noJIHTⅢKmB oTHo皿eHlllI MoンI<aiicKa c nepexonpM I・Ia cJIy>K6y K I'IBaHy lll BecHoii l500 r. KHH3fl CeMeHa HBaHoBMLIa MoンKaiIcKoro, cblHa 八aBIIIIInHero BJIalleTeJIFI Mo>KaiicKa HBama AHApeeBII'la, cKa3arl) Tp y n H O . 146
no cBoeMy coXep>KaHHIo IIMMyHHTeTHaFI noJIHTIIKa B 。eBpaJIel500r.6bl"acTporoorpaHmlllITeJIbHoii:!13MoH?- CTbIPCKOji lOPlIC4IIKImHH3blMaJIHcb JIBe KaTerOPlIIi neJI (O 八ymery6cTBe PI pa360e c noJIIIIIHblM) . O皿oBPeMeHHo B rPaMOTax 。liKc叩oBaJIocb nPaBO BeJIHKOro KHH3H cynHTb IirVMeHa no HcKoBbIM neJIaM. 3To HocTaHoBJIeHHe HocHJIo aHTIIBJIanblIIHblii XaPaKTep, nonTBeP那且aH 3aBHcIIMocTb KHPIIJIJIoBCKOrO IIryMeHa OT BeJIHKoro KHFI3H II He3aBIICHMOCTb oT POcTOBcKoro aPxIiemlCKona. OT MapTa - aBrycTa l500 r. He coxpaHHJIocb HMMyHHTeTHblx rPaMOT MOcKoBCKOrO BeJIIIKoKIIH)KecKOrO nPaBHTeJIb- CTB a、30 ceHTH6pH l500 r. 6bma BblnalHa y)Ke ymoMHHaB- 皿aflcH HaMH paHee B npyroik cBFI31i rpaMoTa BoJIoToBy MOHaCTblplO 294・B intitulatio sToii rpaMoTbl cToHT IIMeHa Be,JIHKMX KHfl3ehHBaHa BacIIJIbeBHqa H ero cblHa BacHJIIIH HBaHoBHIIa <<Bcea PycHH>'. O neHTeJIbHocTH BacHJIH月ⅡocJIe aBrvcTa l 499 r. M np ceHTH6pH 1 500 r. HH'KaKHx cBeleHHit B H3BecTHblx HaM rpaMoTax He coxpaHIIJIocb. B KpaTKoM JIeTonlicUe non 700g r. (celITH6Pb l499 -- aBrycT 1 500rr.) coo6maeTcH: <<KHH3b BacHJIeii, cblH BeJIIIKoro KHH3H IIBaHa, xOTH BeJIHKoDO ImHH>KeHIIH, H x|OTeB erO HcTPaBIITH Ha HoJIe Ha CBHHcKoM y CaMbcoBa 60py, II caM Io6eJKa Bb BH3bMy cBoIIMH 295 II coBeTHIIKH. A KHH3b BeJIHKIIii HaIIa nyMaTH co KHHrHHelo Co巾HelO, H BO3BPaTm皿a ero, II 4ama eMV BeJIIIKoe KH"KeHIie nonl co6010, a KHH3H nMI1TpeH no- HMamalIcMaTepHeloKHHrHHeIoEJIeHolo>296. H. C. JIypbe, BnepBble BBe及皿嘘B HayIIHbIii o60poT H3BecTIIe o 6ercTBe BacHJIIIH B BH3bMy, cnpaBenlJIHBo 3aMeTHJ1, IITO <XaJIeKO ・He BC|e B aTOM H3BeCTIIH nPelcTaBJIHeTcH JIcHblM>, 297. HeHcHo HecKoJIbKo MoMeHToB: 1 ) MecToHaxo]K- UelIHe CBHHcKoro noJIFI H CaMbcoBa 60pa; 2) cooTHo皿eHHe rJIaroJI aくIICTPaBHTH)P c MeCToHMeHHeMくero>; 3) ToqHafl "Ta no6era (Mec皿) ; 4) BpeMeHH6e cooTHomeHHe Me源ユy HaMepeHHeM <<ero IIcTpaBHTIII)" MI 6ercTBoM BacHJIIIH B Bfl3bMy, a TaK>Ke cTeneHb (HaJIIIIIIIe KaKIIx-To neitcTBHii) H BPeMH (nIo IIJIH nocJIe no6era) ocy皿eCTBJIeHIifl 3aMblCJIa, Bblpa>KeHHOro cJIoBaMHくXOTeB erO HCTPaBIITH》. 294 AIi, T・I,Nb 111. 295 He@IIb3FT corJIacI,ITbcFI c IIoBbIM cJIoBoPa3meJIelMeM, n1)eエ1.rlo>KeHHblM H. C. JIypbe: 4<c BoIIMII ". PaHee H. C・JIypbe ullTaJI <<cBOIIMIIII>D (H、C. JI y p b e. nepBble ImeoJIorlI…, cTp. 99). 296 H. C・JI y p b e. I<PaTKIIii @JIeTOmHCeu..・, cTp、443. 297 H.C. JI y p b e. nepBLIe m,nteoJIorII..., cTp. 99. 1 4 7 1 0 * 舍
no MHeHHIo H. C. JIyPbe、<CBHHb mJIM CBeHb - PeKa B paiiOHeBpHHCKa> 298.MHOeOTO|>KXeCTBJIeHHeHaXO八HMy ①eHHeJIa, KoToPbl曲Ⅱpe旦ⅡoJIaraeT, IITo <<CaMbcoB 60p>,- sTo CaMcoHoB JIyr no4 MocKBoit, Heo"oKpaTHo ynoMiIHaeMblii B nyXOB'HblX rl)aMOTaX BeJIMIKHX KHJI3eii 299. CoBpeMeHHoecocToHHHeHcTopHIIecKoiireorpa(PHHHe HO3BOJIHeT,瓜aTb yBePeHHOI、O OTBeTa Ha BOnPoC O MeCToHo- JIoxfeHIIII CBHHcKoro noJIH II CaMbcoBa 60Pa. CBIIHb (CBHHa, CBHHaH) , ynoMHHaIoUaHcH B JIeToⅡⅢcHbIx CTaTbHX CePe且HHbl XII B.300,- peIIKa, BnanaBmaH B necHy no,U lIepHIIToBoM, 3ananHee p. CHoBH 301. KpoMe Toro, B JIeToHIiCaX "rypHpyeT r. CBHHecK (B [IHcJIe ropo40B pH3aHcKHx 302 1I BoJIbIHcKHx 303) , c. CBIIHyxII B BoJIEIHCKOM KHfDKeCTBe304,r・CBHHorpamBHo八O。ノIHH305,CBHHTopor (皿BHHTopor) - MecTo npli BnanleHHII p. BKJIbHbl B BeJIlo306,CBHHopTBHoBroponcKoii3eMJIe,yPmeJIoHII307. reOrPa。HIIeCKHxnOHHT", HanOMHHaIOmIIXBbIPa)KeHHe <<CaMbcoB60p>,BJIeToⅡHCHXHeT(ynOMHHalOTcHroPO』 CaM60p II CaIM60pcKaH enapxIIH B BOJIblHcKoit 3eMJIe 308) . B aKTax CeBepo-BocToIIHohPycH XV-XVI BB. BCTpeIIaeTcH Ha3BaHHe <<CaMcoHoBo)" (Ho He <<CaMbcoBo)') 11 ,npoH3BoXHLIe oT Hero B Py3cKoM, HoBoTop]KcKoM, KamHHcKoM, BoJIoro八cKoM H BeJIo3epcKoM ye34ax 309. CaMcoHoB 298 H. C・JI y p b e. nepBbIe Imieo,JIorH..., cTp. 100. 299 J.Fennell.OP・cit・, p. 341, note 1. 300 nCPJI, T. I1, cTp. 70, 81, 1 18; T、VII, cTp. 58, 59, 66; T. IX, cTp. 208; T、20, nepBaH HoJIoBHHa, cTp. 1 19; T、23, cTp. 41; T. 25, cTp、56, 57, 63; T. 28, cTp. 33, 189. 301 TaM ]Ke, T. 25, cTp. 444; A、H. HacoHoB.《PyCCKaH 3eMJIH> II o6paaQBa"e reppllTopHH npeBHepyccKoro rocy"pcTBa. M., 1951, cTp、221, 225, 230. 302 nCPJI, T、VII, cTp. 241; T、23, cTp・1 64. 303 TaM )Ke, T. 23, cTp. 163. 304 TaM )Ke, T・I I, CTp、80; T. V11, cTp. 65; T. 25, cTp. 62. 305 TaM >Ke, T・XVII, CT6.452. 306 TaM )Ke, cT6. 235, 251, 261, 305, 314, 367, 374-375, 440, 493-494. 307くHoBropo八cKaH nePBafI JIeTOmICb CTaPmero M MJIa八meroⅢ3Bo且o”・ nonl pepi. II c npenmcJIoBIIeM A.H. HacoHoBa.M.̲J1., 1950, cTp,239; HCPJI, T, 1VI. 1, Bbln. 1, cTp、179; cp. A. H. H a c o H o B. <<PyccKaH 3eMn”…, cTp. 118, nplIM. 6. 308 nCPJI, T. II, cTP、361i T. V, BbIn. 1, cTp. 16j T. VII, cTp. 240; T・IX, CTP.̲XIII, XY; T. XVU, CT6. 112i r. XVIII, crp. 22; T.̅23, CTp. 163. 309Aの3HX,Ⅵ.II,cTp、265,317;AC3H,T、II,cTp、663(cp・cTp. 642) ; T. 111, cTp. 618. 148
JIyr310THHy"KCCeMq"cKoMy"3M:IfQTnpoeBnocJIeXcT- BHH,Ka>KefcH,cJMJIocbcMocKBoii312.BMo"oBcKoMye3ne dTMeqeHbI nep. CBHHKIIHo, THHyBmaH K c. IieBJIIo (B go- jiocTHBope-KOP3eHeBe)313,HCBIIHKHHoo3epKoB6JIII3HTe- mHJIOBcKHX nePeBeHb (B PaHOHe 、皿OBcKHXⅡePeBeHb(B PaiTOHeMocKOBcKO-且MHTpOBCKOrO MocKOBcKO-nMHTPqgCKOrO py6e]Ka)314. CBIIHyxoBcKIM oBparynoMIIHaeTcFI B P兄3aHu tkOM K">KeCTBe 315. BnHcUoBbIx KI-IIIrax XVI B. 'HeonHoKpaTHo nonanaloTcH <<CBHHKI" H <<CaMcoHoBbl)> (He <<CaMbcoBbl)>) B pa3Hblx ye3naX PyccKOrOroCynapCTBa316. O6pa皿aFIcb K HCTormHKy BTopoi noJIoBHHbl XIX - HaIIaJIa XX B.­《CmlcKaM HaceJIeHHblx MecT>, Mbl HaxoXHM nyHKTbI cHa3BaHIIeM<(CaMcQJIoBo)',<<CaMfo"xa)PHT.Ⅱ. h. BoJIoTomoKoii, .BoJIoTo瓜oKoH, B̅ry6epHIIHx ApxaHFeJIbcKOi, BJIanIIMmpcKqi, BgicK6it, KaJIy》KcKoH, BmcKoH, KaJIy)KcKoii, KocTpoMcKoH,HⅢ]KeropoユcKoH, KocTpoMcKoi, HIIxferqponlcKo*, ジ 人 。 ⑥ U p UcKoBcKoii, P"aHcKoii, CMoJIeHcKoit, TBepcKoM, TyJI.cKoh, IIepHIIroBcKoi,HpocJIaBcKoii317,T.e.BoBcexTexry6epHHflX, TePPIITOPHH KOTOPblx neJIHKOM IIJIII H"THIIEQ "O"JIa B co6Taifpyc6Koro ro6yXapcTBa KoHILa XV B.̲B IIep"roBcKoii ry6epHHH "rypHpylOT e皿e CaM6yp, CaM60p Be皿一 KIIii m baM60p MaJI" E CMoJIeHcKoii ry6epHIM -PaMUoBo, CaMUoBar. Ha3BaH" TIma CBIIHb, CBeHb, CBHHaH, ⑪ U ⑪ 。 CBIIHIKa, CBIIHKHHo, CBImyxII, CBIIHeHKH, CBIIHaH ny6poBa, CBIIHaH roPa, CBIIHaH Hora II nP. IIMelOTcfLBo BceXyKa3aHU ⑤ HbIx ry6epiI"x, KpoMe Apx3HreJIbcKoi JI TyJIbcK9#, 4TaK>Ke B iy66pHKHx KypcKoii, MIIHcKo#, MocKoBcKoii, OpJIoBCKOji 318. OTcvTcTBHe Ha3BaHIIH <CaMbcoB>" B npocMoTpeHHblx ソ HaMII IibTopHKo-reorpa。HqecKIIx MaTepHaJIax XVI-XX BB. 31 0 ⅡHnr, cTp. 554. 31 1 TaM >Ke, cTp. 58mⅡp. 31 2 B. H. ne6oJIbcKIIii.nyXOBHble lI nOroBOPHble rPaMQJPImgg- KoBcK" KHfI3eii KaK !1cTopliKo-reorpa"qecKIIii ̅ IIcToIMHIIK, [I]. Cn6., 1901, cTp. 16. 3ACSIJ, T. I|, cTp、568. 3 1 4ⅡHnr, cTp. 394. 3 1 5ACSH, T. 111, cTp、618. 3 1 6 3 1 《nIIcUOBble KH:HrFI MOCKOBCKorO rocyntaPCTBa, 113"BaeMble IMMm. pyccKIIM reOrpa*IIIIecKHM o6皿ecTBOM>, I1.1 . yKa3aTeJIb・Cn6., 1895; 曲]K, yKa3aTeJib K nepBbIM mecTH ToMaM (I-VI) . nr" l915. 317 《CnHCKII HaceJIeHHEIx MecT PoccIMcKoih HMneplIII>, I, VI$ VII, X, XV, x v I I I , x x v , X x x I v , X x x V, x L , x L I I I , x L I V, x Lv I I I , L . C n 6 . 1861-1885. 318 《CIIHcKPI Hace,meHHbIx MecT...", XX, XXIV, XXIX. Cn6., 1862-1871 ; くCHIIcoK HaceJIeHHblx MecT MHHcKoii ry6epHMII". M、HHcK, 11909. 149
nOKa3blBaeT, IITO 3TO HanlIGaHIie OKIeHb Pen<Koe H MO)KGT 6blTb nia]Ke nPIIHfITo 3a lIcKa>KeHHoe <<CaMbcoHoB>. B &JIIo60M cJIyIIae enBa JIH npaBIIJIbHo IIcKaTb <<CBIIHcKoe noJIe>i', oTBJIeKmHCb OT《CaMbcoBa 60pa>', 'H Hao60poT. Koma H.C・JIypbe npenJIaraeT oTo>KnecTBJIHTb CBHHcKoe noJIe c KaKHM-To MeCTOM Ha BPHH皿I'IHe, OH He yqIITblBaeT OTcyTcTBHH TaM Ha3BaH" <<CaMbcoBo)D, <CaMcoHoBo> II T.Ⅱ. Ⅱ》K.OeHHeJI,BH皿皿嘘B<<CaMbcoBe60py>CaMcoHoBJIyr IToI MocKBoii, He npIIHIIMaeT Bo BHHMaHIIe, IITo "nPM - c 3TIJM JIyrOM He ynaeTCH Ha耐ⅢⅡplI3HaKoB <<CBHI-IcKoro nOJIH》、 HeHMeH3necbBo3IMo>KHocTH BblFIcHHTbcJIyIIaI'II、eO叩a- 巾HIIecKoii 6JIH30cTH O6もeKToB c Ha3BaHI1eM TIma <<CaMco- IIOBO》Ho6'beKToB c IIa3BaHIIeM TIfna <<CBIII-Ia月》,《CBelIb>p, <CBHHKa>IITJI,Mh!IIcxo皿MH3npnymeHIIH(Hy>KnalOlllerOcFI B maJIbHeH皿ei npoBepKe), [ITo B <<CaMbcoBo> - He omlcKa , a npaB"bHoe HanHcaHIIe. Toraa Mo]KHo yKa3aTh o皿Oe皿HcTBeHHoe (H3BecTHOe HaM) CorleTaHIie litKoMbIx Ha3BaHII曲一B CaMHoBcKoii BoJIocTIi noporo6y>KcKoro ye3- na CIMoJIeHcKoi ry6epHIIII, B paiioHe Me"y Bi3bMoi m no- poro6y>KeM, K ceBepy oT EJIbHH. TyT Ha CpaBHHTeJIbHo He- 60JIbmoMpaccToFIHHH且PyroT,nPyraHaXOJHTCHnyHKTbl くCaMUoBo>('f<CaMUoBa)')Ⅲ《CBMIHHaH)> (CeHHa"npmp[l CBIIHKe(CeHHoii) 319.<CaMHoB)>MJIII K<CaMbcoB)>6dPMor npocTIIpaTbcH c ceBepa Ha lor np p11. CBHHKH・KoHeqHo, nPenJIO>KeHHOe OTO>KXeCTBJIeHHe He nPeTeHnyeT Ha OKOHIIaTeJIbHOe PemeHIie BonPOCa lI HocIIT rmnOTeTHIIeCKIJii XaP aKTep . O6paTIIMcH K cooTHomeHHIo rJTaroJIa《HCTP aBIITH》c MecToIIMeHHeM |<<ero>p. H. C. JIypbe He naeT nepeBona巾pa3bl lI He oCTaHaBJIIIBaeTCH Ha 3HaqeHHHrJIarOJ1a <<HCTPaBHTII》. n>K. eHHeJI nePeBO皿T {<HCTPaBHTII>> KaKくOnyCTOmHT” H OTHOCIIT 3TO CJIOBO K <<BeJIIIKOMy KHH)KeHIIIO>>: <<tO lay it waste>. noIIIIMaH a6cypnHocTb TaKoii HHTepnpeTau皿I, OH nHmeT: <<Me>K,my cJIoBaMII ,,BeJIHKoro KHFI>KeHIIFI.… Ⅱ,!…caM f G no6e>Ka" ecTb HenoHHTHaH巾Pa3a: ,,x<eJIaH ero oITycTomI'ITb (PHcTpaBHTH)Ha 6opyfG>320. 319 <<C60pHIIK CBIIHcKoM cTaTI'IcTI,IIIecKIIx noJIe Bo3Me cBeneH城 Ⅱo CMoJIeHcKoii CaMcoBa rV6epHI'II"# TL V. nol)oI、o6y>KcKHii ye3II. CMoJIeHcK, 1889, KapTa B KoHile kflllrm; 4<CMoJIeHcKafl ry6epHI,m. CnIIcoK IIace、meIII化Ix MecTno cBe且eHⅡHM 1859 rOma>. Cn6., 1868, Nb 4963, 4964. 320 J. Fennel l. Op. cit., p. 341, note l. 150
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HaM Ka)KeTcH, ulTo BpeMFI 6ercTBa BacIIJIIIFI Mo>KHo e皿e 60JIbme yToIIHHTb. nocoJIbcTBo EHca A皿ePceHa (<Kamla- Ha HBaHa)') npm6bIJIo B MocKBy B *eBpaJIe, a oT6hlno 2 3IIpeJIHl500r.,̅BMecTecpyccKIIMHocoJILcTBoMBnaHIIIo331. CorJIacHo cKH6cKoii xpoHHKe, naTcKHe nocJIbl oT HMeHH Ko- poJIFI XaHca cneJIaJIII I/IBaHy lll BecbMa o6Hanle>KIIBaIo皿ee 3aflBneHIIe oTHocIITeJIbHo IKeHHTb6bl BacIIJIIIFI Ha nPHHUec- ce EJIII3aBeTe m 6blJIII oTny皿eHbl C BeJIIIKOii IIeCTblO 332. EcTecTBeHHo nPe,ⅡnoJIo>K1,1Tb, [ITo Bo BpeMH npe6blBaHHfl naTcKoTo HocoJIbcTBa B MocKBe, T. e. c巾eBPaJIFI nO 2 anPeJIH 1500 E, BacIIJII耐nPHcyTcTBOBaJI Ha UePeMOHIIHx Hx nPHeMa lI B KaKoii-To MePe yqacTBoBaJI B nePerOBoPax c HIIMII KaK 3aHHTepecoBaHHoe JIImo. CJIenoBaTeJIbHo, ero 6ercTBo MorJIo cocToFITbcFI, cKopee Bcero, Me>Kny 2 anpeJIfI H IIaIIaJIoM MaH 1500 r. BercTBo BacIIJIIIFI IIMGHHo B BFI3bMy o6'bFIcHFIeTcH, no- BH且HMOMy, TeM, IITO 3TO 6blJI nOrPaHIIIIHblii rOPOn, HenaBHIM JIIIToBcK" yneJI 333, H, KpoMe Toro, Ha Bfl3bMy BacHJIPIi HMeJI, BO3MO)KHo, KaKHe-To BJIaneTeJIbHble nPaBa. B >KaJIoBaHHoi rpaMoTe lIBaHa lll l504 r.くOKOJIbHHIIeMy> H n. CaTHHv (o cTeneHHnoIJ1IIHHoCTII ee TeKcTa cM. HII)Ke)06Pa皿aeTHace6FIBHIIMaHHeBblpa)KeHHe:<<BBH3Me, CBoeiO B e JI H K II x K H H 3 e i CJIHHKoBoIo cJIo60JoIo)p 334. 34ecb npocTynaeT HaMeK Ha coBMecTHoe ynpaBJIeHIIe BH3bMoih <<BeJIIIKIIx KHFI3eii)' (IIBaHa lll H BacIIJIIIH HBaHOBHqa ).B HocoJIbcKHx KHHrax cHomeHHii c JIHTBoit e瓜mHCTBeHHoM IICTOIIHIIKe qacTo vnoMHHaeTcFI 咳 PyCCKOrO nPOHcxO)KneHIIH, BFI3bMa 90-x ronpB XV B., |HeT rne HIIKa- KHx |HaMeKOB Ha cy皿eCTBOBaHIIe瓜BoiiHOro ynPaBJIeHHFI 3TIIM roponoM II ye3npM B 1494­HIoHe l499 rr. 335 CBene­ HI1i o BH3bMe 3a HIoJIb l499- HHBapb l501 rr. B HocoJIE- CKHx KHIIraX BOO6皿e He IIMeeTcH 336. MoIKHo BblcKa3aTb no- ra4Ky, qTo BacIiJIH曲6blJI npHo6皿eH K ynpaBJIeHIIIo Bfl3b331 nCPJI, T. VI, cTP. 44,243; T. VIII, cTp、238; T. XII, cTp. 250; T. 20、 nepBaHⅡoHoBI,IHa, cTp. 369; T. 28, cTp. 332-333. 332 <Monumenta HistoriaG Daniae>, 1, s、22, 409; LEKUB, 2-te Abt.、 Bd. l, S. 623, Anm. 2. 333 H. C、.Ⅱypbe、nePBb'e ll,meOJIOrll…, cTp. lOOI J. Fennell・Op. cit., p. 341. 334 ACSII, T. II1, JVb 186. 335 <<C6.PHO>, T. 35, cTp・152, 153, '155, 194, 199, 229, 231, 257, 259, 260,263,264,276,278. 336 0HH HOHBn列IOTCFI C *eBPanHl501 1,. ("C6.PHO>, T. 35, cTp. 325 1' mp.) . 1 “
Moih B KoHUe lIIoJIH - aBrycTe l499 r. B cBH31I c HoJIyqeHIIU U eMnPaBHaHoBropo瓜HBUeJIHXHarJI只只HOH且eMOHcTPan,HIM BeJIIIKoMV .KHfl310 JIIIToBcKoMy noJIHoro HoJIIITHqecKoro e且Ⅲ- HO,nymIIH BHyTPH MOCKOBCKOrO BeJIHKOKHmKecKOrO Ceu MeHCTBa・ K BH3bMe oTHocHTcFI eUe nBa H3BecTIIH JIeTonIIcIIblx HcTo[IIIIMKoB: 1 ) HBaH III nocJIaJI K AJIeKca皿Py c Pa3MeTHoii rpaMoTo#<<A1。aHaca meeHLKa B H 3 M e T " a)'(>I〈ⅢTeJIHBR3bMbl)337;2)corJIacHocB皿eTeJIbcTByyCTIO]KcKorO ⑪ 哩 JIeTOHIIcHOrO cBOna,くKHFI3b BeJIIIKⅢHJIHToBcK" AJIeKcaH" nocJIaJIpaTbKBH3Me>>338. nePBOeH3BeCTIIenaeTKaK6ynlTO OCgOBaHI畑及yMaTb, IITo HbaH III 3HaJI o 6ercTBe BacHJIIIH B BH3bMy: nocJIaB c Pa3MeTHOII KJIHTOBCKOMyBeJIHKoMyKHH310<BH3MeTHHa》,oH, U bo3Mo]KHo,xoTeJInoKagaTb,qToBH3bMaBepHaeMy,̲ZBa- Hy,HIIToJIHTBeHeKIeropaccIIIITEIBaTbHaoTnameHHeBH3bMbl oT MocKBbl. BTopoe H3BecTIIe eme 60JIee mHTepecHo, Ho Hy)KnaeTcH B ⑥ U TmaTeJIbHOHHcToqHIIKoBen[IecKoHⅡP OBePKe. eii JIIITePaTyPeHeT HeTy瓜oBJIeTBopHTeJIbHoro ynoBJIeTBoPllTe,JIbHoro Bcy皿ecTByIo皿eHJIHTepaType aHaJIH3a BOeHHblx aHaJIH3a BOeHHblx瓜ehCTBHH XeMCTBIm PyCCKOii PyCCKOHHJIKTOBCKOHapMHHB II JIIITOBCKOII apM U U U 1 5 0 0 r. n o K a 3 a l l l 畑 》 Ke H c To I I H I I Ko B I o B O J I b H O n P O T I I B O P e I I H - Bbl. O6mylo KaPTIIHy PacCTaHOBKII PyCcKHX cIIJI naJI reP6epmTeili. CorJiacHO ero pmlcaHIII9, nepBbIii oTpflg. 6bLII HanpaBJIeH Ha Ior npoTIIB C&BepcKQi 3eMIIII, BToppii Ha 3aIIa1-npoTIIB Topo皿a H BeJIbl (BeJIOrO), TPeTIii HaXO皿J1ひ U 轡 cHHocpe皿HeII6blJIo6Pa皿eHnpoTIIBnopoTo6y>KaHCMoJIeHCKa 339. 一 BOJIbmIIHCTBo JIeTOnHCIIblX CBOIOB u IlaqHHaeT C CoOO皿e- ・ U HHH O XeHcTBHHx Io>KHoH rpyⅡnbl BoII'cK nOn KOMaHIOBaHIieM U BoeBoXbl HKoBa 3axapbHIIa, KoTopblH瓜BIIHyJIcH H3 MocKBIDI 。 3 MaH, B3flJI BpHHcK, 3aTeM Ho xoXy "JIbHeZUleJp pPo"W◎ >KeH"npmBeJfK nplicHre ceB|epcKIIx IQHH3ei lC. K Mox"- cKoro II B H. meMHIIHqa) II 6 aBrycTa l500 r. 3aHHJI nyTHBJIb、3aTeM roBopHTcH o XeiicTBwIx BoiicK UeHTpaJIbHoro u HanpaBJIeHHH HoI KoMaHIoBaHHeM IOp" 3axapb"aLJoc- JIaHiloro HBaHoM III J<ToFI >Ke BecHBI)P K noporo6y>Ky. nocJIe nCP几T、1V, I1. 1, Bbln、2, cTp、532; T. VI, cTp. 45, 243; T. V1II, 句 qu T, 哩 cTp. 239; T. XII, cTp. 252; T. 20, nePBaFI HoJIoBHHa,cTp 370; T. 26, cTp. 293; T. 28, cTp. 333. 33 8 9 33 《ycTIo>KcKIIii JIeTOITIIcHIJIii cBo", cTI)101. C. reP6ep皿T̅e ii H. 3anIMcKII o MocKoBMTcKIIx neJIax. BBenelIife. nePeBO且HnpMMeilaHI,IFI A.H. Ma,Ⅲ“Ha.Cn6., 1908, cTp. 13-14. ­ 叩 155 三
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BepoHTHo, roToBflcb K BcTpeIIe c JIHToBUaMH, pyccKHe BoeBoⅡbl BoeBo"I BbIcJIaJIH BbIcJIaJIH[IacTb IIaCTb BojicK BoHcK3a 3a p・Be八POmy, p. Be B HanPaBJIeHⅢHK 3anaXy oT BenpomH, oCHOBHble )Ke CIIJIbl 6blJIH ▲ gKQHMFH'rplipoBaHbl,no-BMIIMoMy,BocToqHeepeKIIBenpo- mm: QJcTyn""lie nepenpBoro ofP"a pyccK" " Bo&6qE" 6eper Bempomm "npIIBeJId K 6ibmHoii [lepen"Be U Ty,瓜A >Ke JIIIToBcKoro BoIIcKa, II 60it 6blJI npojPmKeH 362. CpaBHIIM "JIee TeKcTbI xpoHHKm BbIxoB" ilycTIo>KcKo- ro JIeTOHIIcHOro cBOAa. ʼ XpoHHKa BbIxoBUa y c T l o J Kc K H i i c B o x KMOCKBH[MH XyMaJIH, IITO JIHTOBUm 。 HXyT Ha HHX H3 ,JIeCa C 60JIbmOii CHJIOHHUTo OHH TaK CMeJIOI1八yT, Ha瓜eHcb Ha cBOIo cHQJIy, H oTToro He ⑪ pHCKOBaJIH c HIIMII 6HTbCH CMeJIO, H e八Ba He no6eJKaJII1 Bce, Ho 3aTeM 《ILcpeTomacHo6olino"KmopeUe yBHneJIH, IITO y>Ke BCe BblmJIH B IIOJIe, [ITO JIHTOBUeB HeMHOrO. JI HTOB- o TpocH e, H cToHma MHOrO 4HII, CKOrO BOHCKa6bIJIO BOjiCKa 6bIJIOHe He60JIbme,唖eM 60JIbme, IIeM TPH C nOJIOBHHOH TbICHKIH KOHHblX, MQcTy 3a TpocHy. H cTynHmacJI o6oII HoJIUbl Ha 6oIo, H 6HilIacH 'Io U KpoMe nemHX, a MoCKBHIIeii 6blJIo copoK TblcHq XoPomo BooPy)KeHHbIx KoH- HblX, KPOMe ne皿ⅡX, H, BHIH My]KeCTBeHHoe II CMeJIOe HaCTynqJIeHHe TaKOrO U He60JIbmoro.JIHToBcKoroBoiicKa,y八HBJIHJIHCb 7 a nOTOMD KOr八ayB皿eJIH BCeX, MOCKBHqH BCe e'MHOJIymHo H KPenKO nOmJIH HaBCTPeIIy IIM. JIHTOBUH】Ke 6HJIHcb, Ho yBII'meB, IITo MocKBIIIIeii U MHoro, a IIx Ma,JIo, He cToHTb nePeX HMMII Mor,JIII 60JIee H no6e]KaJIH. MOCKBH唖IlKenorHa,J]IIcb3aHHMH, ⅢⅡocJIeXH JIHTBa nePeJIe3,JIH no mTH [IacoB o60HnOJInbl; HMaIOmecH 3a pyKII, ceilaxycH. H no yloIJIIIJIM HKO PeKa, B TPyny KOHh He CKoqHT.HnOMO>Ke60rBe@ノIHKOMy KHH3Io IIBaHy BacIIJILeBHIIy H BoEBo八e ero K"310 maHIMy BacHJIbq J eBHIIy H BceH CIIJIe MocKoBCKo面. AJIIITBa̲JIo6e)Ke,HMa,JIoHxyTeIIe 3a TpocTH y 3a peKy, 3aHe 班e BeJIHKarO KHH3H CHJIanGm月河 3amJllj Xa MocT noceK" Ha TpocTIIe. H MIIorO B PeUe HCTone. MHorHxno6H,JIII,a八PymX.]KHBEIMI13a6paJIH。 Toma 6blJI B3JIT B HJIeH reTMaH KHJI3b KqWIcTaHIMHHBaHoBHIJOcTpo>KcU KH1.1》...363 A BoeBoJly ,60mnaro JIHTOBCKarO7 KHH3H&KoHbcTJIHTHHa OcTpo)KcKo- l,OフnOHManH》..・3“ nell"V ocbMII ToMaM nCPJI', oT瓜.II: CU6., 1907, cTpWA "p::npW"a, W "3'IX,Ih" 6fWa ""9; "' JVb347lf̲"Z,̲ cTp. 380; ACSH, ̲I11, T. JW 54, cTP、82).旦pyraH TPocHa noJIoBⅢIIa,cTp,260;Aの3mX,Ⅱ.11,1JYb78,cTp、76, T、XIV,BTopafl 9TMege"IIgToWMK3MHBropo八cKoMCTaHel<o3eJIbCKOrOye3ma LMqjIX, q:̲LM 400, CTp. 448) . 362nCP几IffYI,̲",559、";fXpoHIiK4ELIXoBUa)',cTp.12. :W "g"Ka qbIxOBna>, cTP ll2-L-li3! ̅6PrTI"JrrXVff.c+3 560 364くyCTIO>KCKMir ,neToHIICIIblii CBO八沙, CTp. 101. 。 162
MoIKHo ,myMaTb, [ITo, IIepenpaBIIBmHcb [Iepe3Benpomy, JIHTOBUbl BeJIH 60ii He C OCI-IOBHblMII CIIJIaMII PyCCKPIX, a C OC○ TaTKaMII nePengPOrO oTP"a, He yCneBmIIMH oToMTli K ocIIOqr HblM HOJIKaM・nOCJIenHHe cTO兄JIH, CKoPee BCerO, 3a PeKOH TpocHoi. He cJIyIIaiiHo, roBoPH o 6HTBe npH TpocHe, ycTIO)KCK" CBOnt OnePIIPyeT HMeHeM TOJIbKO OXHOrO BOeBOnlbl - naH'"bl BacIIJIbeBIIIIa: HMeHHo oH HBJIJIJIcJI B sTo BpeMH Ko- MaH,ⅡyIo皿HM BO3rJIaBJIHJIく60JIbmO肱nOJIK>> II 365. 、 CpaBHeHIIe xpoHIIK c ycTIoIKcKIIM JIeToHIIcHblM cBonpM nO3BOJIHeT CnleJIaTb BblBO4, IITO HOCJIe OTxO八a IIaCTH PyCCKHX BoiicK oT BeJpomHHaCTynHJI KaKoii-TO 3HaIIIITeJIbHblknel)ePblB B BOeHHbIx 4eiicTBIIFIX (<<CTOHma MHOrO nHII)>, no cJIoBaM yCTIo)KCKOrO CBO"). HO-B皿HMoMy, Pa3rPOM JIHTOBcKoro BoiicKa cocToHJIcH Ha BocToIIHoM 6epery p. TpocHbl, KynaくJIIITBa nepeJIe3JIH Ho MocTy>. OcTaTKH JIIIToBcKoro BoiicKa no6e)KaJIII <<sa TpocTHy》一BePoHTHo, Ha loro-3ana", Ho 6blJIH mp6HTbl Ha p. noJIMe, mle, Hano noJIaraTb, II yXaJ I O C b B 3 H T b B n J I e H J I H T O B C K I I X B O e B OX . nPenJIO)KeHHOe o6も月CHeHme XO" 90eWlbIX ,meiPTBIIii 1500 i、. FIBJIHeTcH He 60JIee, qeM rImoTe30ih. Ha naHHoii cTa- XIIII HCCJIenPBaHIIH 3Ta rHHOTe3a y"OBJIeTBOPHeT Hac, HO- CKOJIbKy OHa nPHMIIPHeT nPoTIIBOPetlHH Pa3JIHIIHblx HCTOxIHHKOBⅡⅡOKa3LIBaeT, HO'IeMy, ynOMIIHaH IIJIHⅡOBecTByH O cpa)KeHHHxHaBe,mpome,TpocHeHnoJIMe,Ka)K4bliiHcToIIHIIK CIIHTaeT KOHeIIHhlM Pe3yJIbTaTOM nJIeHeHHe JIHTOBCKHX BOeBOX: BCe aTH TPH CPa)KeHHH 6blJIH STanaMII O,n{HOii 60JIbmoit 6HTBbl. noHHTHLIM cTaHoBIITcH TaK)Ke BblHeceHHe Ha nePe"" nJIaII Ii3BeCTIE OCPa]KelI皿ⅡpII HoJIMp B EpMqF J1IIHCKoii JIeTOnHcm m nPOCTPaHHoit Pe"KHIIII Pa3P"HOih KHHrll: noJIMeHcKafl onePaⅡHH 3aBePmaJIa Pa3rpOM JIHToBU c KO r o BOHCKa・ MHeHme, KITo Benpoma - peKa, Bna"IomaH B UHenp 3aⅡa皿ee nOPOrO6y>Ka, oCHOBaHo, HO-B皿IIMOMy, IIa nOMHCJIe. CorJIacHo 60JIbmHHcTBy JIeToHIIcHblx cBoppB, K. H. OcTpo>KCKHii meJI H3 JIIITBbl K JoPOro6y>Ky, H CPa>KeHHe nPOII30mJIO HOユュoporo6y>KeM. OTcIona, KaK Mo>KHo AyMaTb, H Bo3- HIIKJIOnPe且noJIo)KeHHeoMecToHaxoIKneHHIIBempomH3aⅡanHee noporo6y]Ka. B J<eiicTBIITeJIbHocTH IKe, no cB皿e- TeJIbcTBy xpoHHK, KocBeHHo n"TEep>KnaIo皿eMyCH pa3pfma- MH,OCTp(j>KcKmi nome4 Ha ̲noporo6y)KHenpHMqH3 CMoJIeHcKa, a H3 EJIbHH. EcJIH 6bl npH sToM pyccKIie BoIIcKa 365 <<Pa3pmlHaII KImra...>, cTp. 30i l<. B. B a 3 H JI e BHII. yKa3. cOII., cTp. 453-454. 163 11*
cocpe"Toq}Imlcb rne-To 3ananHee ,moporo6y)Ka, Becb ropo八 OKa3aJICH 6bl nOしml-IOCTblo He3amH皿eHIIbIMc Iora, oTKymanBII- raJIocb JIIIToBcKoe BoiicKo. CT. Xep6cT IIoMe皿aeT I). Be4pomy Me>Kny 6e3blMHHHblM PyqbeM Ha BOCToKe lI p. y)KekHa3aⅡane, o血aKo B aTJIacax XVIII - HaIIaJIa XIX B. B 3ToM paiioHe yKa3aHblJIHmb'cJIenyIo皿HeJIeBblenPmToKH瓜Henpa(CBOCTo- Ka l-la 3ana八) : Cepe6peHKa, McKo>Ka, IIepHorpH3bH, XaTblLIKa, y>Ka・Cpe且ⅡⅡpIIToKoB HcKo)KII, XaTblIIKH M y)KH­B e4- pomH To]Ke HeT. HeT 3ntecb ll npII3HaKoB TpocHbl, noJIMbl, JIOnaTHHa 366. BCBH3しIcBenpomcKoji6IITBoitBo6eHxpenaKUHHxPa3P"HblxKHHrrOBOPHTCHonoxOIa]LpycCKHXBOeEMKPOCJ1aBJIIo H EJIbHe:《HOHH XO皿JIH K PocJIoBJIIo (B npocTpaH- HOir Pe皿K皿H - ,,PocTHcJIaBJIIo{@) II K EJIbHe, II 60M IIM 6blJI HaBeXpomKe>>367.、 Ho且くPOcJIOBJIeM)PHaJIOHOHIIMaTb,cKOPeeBCerO,POCJIaBJIb, pacnoJIo)KeHIIblii K Iory oT EJIbHH, TeM 60JIee, IITo B nPOCTPaHHOii PenaK皿HOH巾ⅢryPIIPyeT B CTaPlIHIIOM HanHCaHHH <POcTHCJIaBJIb>・3To oTo)KnlecTBJIeHHe HalI60JIee Be- POHTHOe, HO He enHHCTBeHHOe, H60 e皿e O"IH <POCJIoBJIb)D ynaeTcHHaimiBnoporo6y>KcKoMye3neHapeIIKePRcJIoBK9 npoTeKalomeii HecKo"bKo Ioro-BocToIIHee peIIKII CBHHHoii (CeHHoi) 368,皿e, nO HameMy nPe皿oJIO)KeHIIIO, HaxomIJIOcb CBIIHcKoe HoJIe. TaK IIJIII HHaIIe, Ho Mo)KHo nyMaTb, [ITo Ha CBIIHcKoM noJIe cocToHJIocb KaKoe-To cToJIKHoBeHHe BoiicK, Ⅱo只只eP>KIIB aBmHx BacIIJIHfl, c 'IacTbIo ・ BoiicK HBaHa lll. BacIIJIHii Mor onHPaTbcH TOJIbKo Ha JIHTOBCKHe BOitCKa; erO 6ercTBo H3 MocKBbI <<c BoIIMH>, KaK y)Ke roBopHJIocb, MaJIo BePOHTHo (H C rPaMMaT"ecKOit TOIIKII 3PeHIIH BblPa>KeHHe <<c BOHMH> TPy,mo nOnyCTIIMO: cKOPee 6blJIO 6bl <<c BO") . npaBXa, He HcKJIIoLIeHo, IITo B Bfl3bMe K HeMy npIIMKHyJIa KaKaH-TO IIacTb MeCTHOrO raPHII30Ha H MeCTHblx巾eonaJI OB C IIx BOOPy>KeHHblMH CJIyraMH. B cJIoBax ycTIo)KcKoro JIeTonHCHoro cBOna o6 0TnPaBKe JIHToBcKHM BeJIHKIIM KHH3eM paTH (K. H. OcTpo>KcKoro) 366 S. H e r b s t. Op. cit., str. 280; UrAnA, (P. 1356, CMoneHcKaH ry6., JVb 34, 35. 367 4<P a3p皿HafI KImra...", cTp. 30; rnB, SpMIIT. 390, JI.22 (nO MamHHOmlcII, npenocTaBJ1eIIHoii MHe B.H. ByraHOBbIM) . 3684<CMoJIeHcKaFT ry6epIIHJI. CmIcoK IIaceJIeHHbIx MecT Ho cBeXeH'HFIM 1859 r.>Cn6., 1863, Nb 4700; cp. Nb 4699; <Cnel皿a。JIbHaH KapTa EBponejicKoii PoccHII>, J1. 44. Cn6., 1912. nepeBHH PocJIoBJIb 6bIJIa II B XVIII B. (UrAnA,巾.1356, CMonemCKag ry6., M 33-37a). 164
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CPOIIHOcTb nOMOJIBKII OnPeXeJ1FIJIacb cTPeMJIeHHeM 3aKPblTb mbporynaJIbHeimmMpyccKmMnpeXJIo)KeHIIHM,m60)KeHIITb6a BacIIJIIIH Ha EJIII3aBeTe MorJIa Bbl3BaTb y mBenoB, naT- CKOronyxoBeHcTBaHnanblHeloBoJIbcTBonoJIIITIIKoiiXa1・1ca 374. KaK npemoJIaraeT Ha3BaHHbli aBToP, nocoJIbcTBo EHca AHnepceHa B MocKBe XoJI>KHo 6blJIo II3BIIHHTbcH 3a 3an<eP>KKy 6PaKa, CCEIJIaflCb Ha OIIeHE IOHbli Bo3PaCT nPHHneCcbl 375. TeM BpeMeHeM XaHc nblTaJIcR Ha Xene nocTaBIITb や KPeCT Ha 9TOM CBaTOBCTBe. B cKII6cKoi xpoHHKe roBopIITcH, IITo naTcKIIM 'nocJIaM rPO3HJIO nOnJIaTIITbCH CBO60nOi, eCJIII He >KII3HblO, B gnyqae, eCJIII 6bl cJIyxH o6 06py[IGHIIII EJIH3aBeTbI nomJIHⅡo PoccmH BnePlIon,komano66jlbcTBOHaxO皿JIocbemeTaM376. He 3HaeM, noJIyrmJI JTII Bac"Hii cooTBeTcTByIomylo IIH。opMamIIo Xo cBoero 6er|cTBa B BH3bMy, T. e. B anpeJIe l500 r. noJIyIIeHIIe ee, KOHeIIHO, MOI、JIo HoBJIIIHTb Ha pe皿eHHe KH”月. C noTepeii Hane>KXbl Ha HoBropoXcKoe BeJMKoe KHH)KeHIIe BacHJIHii oKa3EIBaJIcH 3aIIHTepecoBaHHbIM B c6JIII>KeHHHc BeJIIIKHM KHR3eM JIIIToBcKHM, KoTopbIii 6bm coIo3HIIKoM CTeHa CType II ero《Ⅱa PTI畑》, cJIeXOBaTeJIbHO,- BParoM naTCKOTO KOpOJIH. HO HOBeXeHIIe BaCIIJIHH O6yCJIOBJIIIBaJIOCb B nePBylO OIIe- peXb Cnen<"IIKOii BHyTPeHHerO nOJIO>KeHIIH POCCHHB 1499ユ 1500 rr. KaK y>Ke oTMewaJIocb Bblme, oTneJIbHble HccJIenoBa- TeJI"(H. C JIyPbe, n>K. 。eHHeJIHⅡP.) CIIIITalOT, IITO B l499r.npom30nlJIoJImmbHeKoTopoe yMeiIbmeHIIe BgacTH nMHTPHH,CBOeO6Pa3HOePa3neJIeHIIGBJTaci;IYMe>KnymMIITpHeM II BacHJIIIeM, HeIITo Bpone ycTy,nKII BacHJTIIIo TIITyJIa KHH3H HOBrOPOnCKOrO II nCKOBCKOrO II COxPaHeHHe 3a nMHTPHeM TIITyJIa KHFI3H BJIaⅡⅢMHPCKOTO H MOCKOBCKOTO 377. 9TO nOCTPOeHIIe BbY3blBaeT y HaC BO3PaJKGHIIFI・Bo-nePBbTx, Mbl 9HaeM o 。aKTHIIecKoM oTcTpaHeHHII nMHTp" K 1499 r. oT VTIaCTHHB XeJTaX BHyTPelJHerO ynPaBJYelIIIH.B o-BTop blx, - <<Dansk biografisk Leksikon, grundlagt af C.F・Bricka>, VI・Kbh., 1935, s、291; cP. G・L i e b u s c h. Elisabeth von Dinemark, Kurftirstin von Brandenburg, 1873. 374 C.F・Alle n. Elisab、..., s. 3­.4. 375 1bid., s、4. 376 《Monllmenta HisfOriae Daniae", 1, s. 22, 409; LEKUB, 2-te Abt, Bd. 1, S. 623, Anm. 2; C. F̲ A11 e n. E1isabet…,s.4;oH >Ke. Detre 11ordiske Rigers Historie, Bd, 1. Kbh., 1864, s、1 99. CM. TaKylo >Ke TpaKToBKy B KH.: <OqepKII IIcTopIM CCCP>. nepHoI 、 守 寺 。 { 『 *eonaJIII3Ma. KoHen XV B.- HaqaJTo XVII B M., 1955, cTp. 106. 167
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pOJIb, nPaBHTeJIbCTBo CTPeMHJIOCb JIHKBI'IXHPOBaTb ,uPyrlie nPePOraTIIBbl KHFDKeCKOrO THna, BOcnPHHFITble HaMecTHHKaMH OT anOXH HOBrOPOn|CKOH He3aBHcIIMOCTH・B BoJIoToBcKoii rpaMOTe OTMeHHJIo|cb HaMeCTHHIIbe nPaBO 'CTaBIITb KoHeiM Ha npoKopM B MoHa'cTblpcKoi BoTKIHHe. EcJIII B BeJIHKoKHFDKecKIIx >KaJIoBa:HHblx rpaMoTax 90-x ToIoB Ha 3eMJIH B ye3nax CeBepo-BocToIIHoii PycI'I, a TaK>Ke B KoHeBcKoii rPaMoTe .HeT CTaTbPI, 3a'nPemaIOmeii HaMe'CTHIIKaM B3HMaTb 'CBOi KOPM c I,IMMyHIITeTHblx BJIanleHHii, To B rpaMoTe BoJIoToBy MoHacTbIplo HoIo16}IaH 'cTaTbFI HMeeTcR: <<A IITo nomJIII'Hbl mJIo c BoJIoToBcKoroMoIIacTblpFIHaMecTHHKoMHoBTopontcKHMHHx THyHoM H IIx JIIOneM, II HM Tex nOmJIIIH HaMecTHIIKOM HamHM HOBroPojlcKIIM II IIx TIIyHOM H Hx JIIOneM He naBaTH HH[Iero>. KaK II B |KoHeBcKoii rpaMoTe, B II3yIIaeMoM IIcToIIHIIKe yKpemlHeTIcH aXMHHHCTPaTHBHblit HMMyHIITeT MOHacTblPHf BoTIIIIHHHKa (O及班I CPOK BbI30Ba B CyユnO H・cKOBbIM XeJIaM cTaTbII nPOTIIB e310KoB II He3BaHblx rOCTeii, yCImeHIIble no cpaBHeHIIIo c KOHeBCKoii rPaMOToii yrPo30h《onaJIbl>,《Ka3HII)> H neHe>KHblx mTPad)oB) . K co>KaJIeHHIo, Mbl He lIMeeM naHHblx o xapaKTepe B3aIIMooTHomeHIIii Me>Kny BoJIoToBblM MoHaCTblpeM II apxH­ epeiicKHM npMoM B KoHnie XV B. MoHacTblpb 6bIJI ocHoBaH B cepeⅡⅡ'He XIV B. II, 0tleBHJHo, Hax・onmJIcH B TecHoii 3aB|II- CHMOCTH OT KabeXPbl 2. Cy皿Ⅱo qJaKTy BbI"IIII eMy >KaJIo⑪ U BaHHOH rPaMOTbl, Pe3KO OrPaHII[IIIBalOmeH aPxHenHcIKOHcKylO IoPHcXHKUHIO, MO)KHO 3aKJIIOUHTb, IITO MOHaCTblPb c6JIH3HJICH c MOCKoBCKHM nPaBHTeJIbcTBOM H cTPeMHJICfl 」nOPBaTb y3bl Ba'CcaJIbHOrO nOnIIHHeHHH aPxHenH'cKOny. nPH Bblnatle >KaJIOBaHHOi rPaMOTbl HBaH III, OIIeBImHO, yIIIITblBaJI H MecToHoJIo>KeHHe BoTIIHH BoJIoToBa MoHacThI", ⅡPHMblKaBmHX K O3eP|y HJIbMeHb rJIaBHblM o6Pa30M c IOra ʼ ' 1 B o c To K a 、 STH paii,oHbl ;6blJIH o6pameHbl, ,c oIHoi lcTopoHbl, K ToponeUKoMy ye31y (Pycca, HaJIIoHKIIimorocT nepeBcKohm- TIIHbl) , |c Xpyroii - K o3epy CeJIHrep H KJIII[IeHcKoii BoJIocTH P>KeBcKoro ye3na (TyxoJIbcK", PyIIbeBcK嘘nOrOCTbI 3I 2 nCPJI, T. 1V, II. 1, Bhm. l , cTp. 285; <<HoBroponcKafl nepBaH JJeTomicb CTaPmero H MJIa,ロ皿erO II3BOHOB>.Ⅱon Pen. H c nPenHcJIOBHeM A. H. HacoHoBa. M.- JI̲, 1950, cTp. 368; cp. nCPJI, T. 1V, q. 1 , Bbln. 2, cTp. 346; 3BepHHcKIIii, T. II, Nb l312. 3 K ceBepo-BocToKy oT o3epa lイnbMeHb Haxo皿1JICFI ynOMFIIIyTblji B rPaMoTe l500 r・BO)KeHCKIIii nOrOCT. 172
Col、JIaCHO nPoCTPaHHOii Pe,maKIIIIH Pa3pH八HblX KHIIr, TOPonEi̅ ̅6"B31iTP7ccKliMII" BoiicKaMM9 IIBrycTal 50Qr" で U npaB,Ua, ncKoBcKaH JleToⅡHcb I ,coo6皿aeT, IITO KwI3b AmeK- CaHXP, HOcanHHKHHBoiiCKO BePHyJIHcb B HcKOB II3 TOPQIIUa HanoKpoB60ropo且Ⅲ皿bl7009r.,T、e.10KTH6pHl500r., <<a 6blJIIi TaM l l iieneJIb)> 5. Ho B cIIeT l l HenleJIb, oIIeBH瓜HO, BxoJMTHeonHoJIIimbBpeMFInpe6bIBaHH兜HxBToponUe,a u BeCb nePliOnI OT|CyTCTBH兜ⅡIcKoBIcKoro BoilicKa B ncKoBe r. B cBH3H c TOPonenKIIM IIoxOnpM. MocKoBcKoe npaBIITeJIbcTBo, no-BH4HMoMy, onacaJIocb nPeTeH3Hii n&CKOBa Ha 3aBOGBaHHble TOPOnenKHe TePPIITOPlIH △ Im03TOMy yKPenJIHJIO cBOli nPaBa Ha CMe)KHbl" HIIMIi gOB- roPOnlcKIIe3eM皿(rpaMoTa̅ 6bIJIaBbInaHa30ceHTH6", BckopenocJIeyxo,manCKoBIJIIeiiH3Topo皿a). U IIToKacaefcflpaiioHa,6JIH3KoroKo3epy̲CeJIHre&ToTyT U Ona|CHOcTL IICxOユHJIa OT BoJIOmKOrO |KIIH3H eXOPa BOPHcO- BH'Ia,KOTOPblHe皿eBMapTel500r.BbUaJIンKaJIOBaHHylO ⑪ rpaMoTy HocIIbo-BoJIoKoJI4McKoMy MoHa'cWlpIo Ha noJI9BHご HV cJIo604KK TiiMo。eeBcKoii - B 6yPymeM OcTamKoBcKoit H̅Hapbl6HbleJI|oBJIH HHapbl6HbleJIʻoBJIH B CeJIHrepe,、pH[IeMrpaMoTaʻco3ユaBaJIa BCeJIIIrepe,npHIIeMrpaMoTa|co3ntaBaJIa JIbroTHble ycJIOBIIH IJIHnePexOna B 3TH MecTa KPeCTbHH <H3 U 3apy6e)KbH>6;dmlDKaiimHM<<3apy6e>KbeM)PHBJIFIJIacbKaK Pa3XePeBcKaHⅡHTHHaHoBropo,IcKorOye3na7.BcHoMHHM eme, IITO enOPHHBaH BOPH'COBHIIII, TaK >Ke KaK II ncKoBcK" KHH3b, yIiacTBoBaJIH Bo B3flTHII ToponⅡla ll B BoU U eHHblX XeiICTBHJIX B3TOM eHHblX只eH'CTBHRX B STOMPaHOHe・ PaIIOHe. no]KaJIoBaHIIe rpaMoTbl BoJIoToBy MoHacTblpIo npeBpaU maJIO 3Ty KOPnOPalMIO B 'nPOBOIHHKa BeJIHKOKHmKeCKOK nOJIHTHKH, MaTePHaJIbHO 3allHTePeCoBaHHOrO B COXPaHeHHH npOqHOrO CyBePeHHTera MOCKOBCKOrO nPa"TeJI¥TBa .Ha U U U rPaHHUax C HeXaBHIIM TeaTPOM BOeHHblX neHCTBIIH H C¥eu POit BJIIIHH" ncKOBa, a TaK)Ke C y,meJIOM BOJIOmiKOrq KHfI3fij u cTPeMHBmerOCH, oIIeB"Ho, K PaqllIiPeHHIO "oH¥ ̲M"eHIIH HajceBepo-3anane,[IeMyBceHTH6pe̲-oKTH6pel500r.Mo⑪ ⑫ rJIa6JIAronPHHTcTBOBaTbBOiiHacJIHTBOii. 4 rnB, SpMIIT. 390, J1. 21 (no皿'3ylOCb Ma皿佃oHIIcHoii Komleil, JIIo6e3Honl)enPcTaBJIeHHoiiMHeB.H.6yraHOBb'M). 5《nckoBCKHe JIeToHIIcM>, BbIn. I. npHroToBIIJI K neIIaTII A. HacoHoB M,一J1., 1941, cTp. 84. 6 Am3HX, [1. 11, JWh 25; cp. ero >Ke rpaMoTy l498/" j,. CIIMoHoBy Mo- HacTbIplb Ha 3eMIm mBombI B P>KeBckoM ye3Ue (ACSH, T. II, JW̲417) . 7 Ha KjpTe K. A. HeBoJIHHa caMo o3epo CeJIHrep HoKa3aHo B nepeBcKoh血THHe (K. A. H e B o JI H H. O nHTHIIax II nQrocTax HoBropo八一 cKIIx B XVI' Beke. Cn6., [1853], KapTa B KoIIUe KIIHrlI). 173
npHBJIerleHHe BacIIJIHH K ynpaBJIeilIIIo HoBropo,瓜oM HMeさ JIO, TaKHM O6Pa30M, 60。ノIbmOe BHyTPH- H |BHemHenO,JIIiTIIIIecKoe 3HaLIeHIie. OHo cHoco6cTBoBaJIo yKpenJIeHIIIo 3a IIBaHOM III 3a|nanHblX O6JIacTeii rOCy八aPCTBa, 6JIH3KIIx K JIIITBe, cMe)KHblx c BJIaneHIIHMII BoJIoUKoro KHH3H II n,cKoBa. CaMo npo皿eHHe BacH加呪 HeJIb3H O6'HICHIITb TOJIbKO BHemHenOJIHTHIIeCKHMII MOTIIBaMII (60H3HbIO erO COIO3a C JIHTOBCKHM BeJIHKIIM KHH3eM IFIJIH >KeJIaHHeM HOKa3aTb nPa- BOCJIaBHblM HO只及aHHblMAJIeKcaHnpacoJIHnapHocTbopTonpKcaJIbHoro BacIMHH c HoJIHTMKoi HBaHa lll) 8. 4eJIo 3aKJIIoIIaJIOCb eme B HOTPe6HOCTHⅡOCTaBIITb nO,K KOHTPOJIb II PerJIaMeHTHpoBaTb 」pa3BHTIie o6beKTHBHo npoJIaraBmIIx ce6e nppory neHTpo6e]KHblx Te皿eHUlIih BHyTP.II POCCHH、瓜MHTPHii-BHyK, KaK, BII且HMo, noKa3aJIo ero npaBJIeHHe B 1498 r., JJIH 3TOii UeJIII 'He rO型mcFI. no)KaJIoBaHIIe Ba'cHJIHHHnpoTHBOHOcTaBJIeHHe erO BOJIOUKIIM KHH3bHM H ncKOBy OCTaBac J I O C b e m I H c T B e H H b l M B b l XO I 0 M . BHCTOPHIIeCKoii JIHTePaTyPe nOcTaBJIeH BonPOC O naTe IIpHo6peTeHHH BacHemIIeM THTyJIa BeJIHKoro KHH3H <<'BceH PyCH>.IirHOPHPOBaHHeKJIOHcKoiiHKOHeBICKOiirPaMOTHOMemaJIo HccJIeXoBaTeJIHM y|cTaHoBHTb, IITo 3ToT TIITyJI BacIi- JIHii HMeJI eme B aBrycTe l499 r. C Hameii ToIIKII 3peHHH, npaBHJIbHee roBopHTb He o npIIo6peTeHHH Ba'cIIJIHeM THTyJIa EeJIHKOrOKHH3HBCeHPyCHHOCJIeBO3BPameHKFIH3PaiiOHa BH3bMIJI,aoBTopHIIHoM(nocJIel499r)nO>KaJIoBaH"eMy 3 To r o T H T VJ I a . B cooTBeTcTBHII 'c Ha6JIIonteHHHMH H, A. roJIy6HoBa 9 H. C. JIypbe cIIIITaJI, [ITo BacHJI砿 Ⅲ'BaHOBHII HMeHoIBaJIcH BeJIIIKHM KHH3eM <<BceH PyCH》c aBrycTa l501 r. lo n>K. eH̲ HeJI oTMeTIIJI ynoMHHaHIie BacHJIHH c THTyJIoM BeqJIHKoro KHH3H BceH PycH B rpaMoTe MapTa l501 r・l 1 H BLIcKa3aJI 8 H. C. JI y p b e. Hnieo.JIorI円ecKafI ̲6opb6a B pyccKoii ny6JIH山IcTHKe KoHUa XV - HaIJaJIa XVI BeKa. M.­几, 1960, cTp. 408-409. 9 ACSH, T. I, Nh 637, cTp. 550. Io H.A. Ka3aKoBa II H. C・JI y p b e. AHT"eo"JIbIIble epeTHIIecKHe IBIilKelllIH Ha pyCII XIV - Hamana XVI BeKa. M.-J1., 1955, cTp. 205; 月.C・JIypbe.IMeoJIorlI'IecKam 6opb6a…, CTp、408. 'l AC31I, T. II, M 305; J F e n n e l l. Ivan thE Great of Moscow・Lon- don, 1961, p. 341-342; cp.A、A. 3 H M H H. OcHoBHble npo6JIeMbl pe*opManHoHHo-ryMaIIHcTHIIecKoro nBH)KeH" B PoccHII E XIV- XVI BB.­くHCTOP", *OJIbKJIOP, PICKyCCTBO CJIaBFIHCKHX HaPOAOB:'. JoKJI皿瓦coBeTcKo曲且eJIeramlH. V Me>KnlyHapoXHblii c.be3A cJIaBHcToB ICo*", ceHTH6pb l963 r.) . M., 1963, cTp. 107, npIIM,77; oH ]K e. O IIoJIHTH'IecKIIx npe且HO"IJIKaX BO3HIIKHOBeHIIJI PyCCKOro a6CO- 皿oTH3Ma.­噸AOCoJIIoTM3M B Poccmm (XVII-XVIII ")". M., 1964, cTp. 37, nPHM、80. 174
I llPenJIOJIO)KeHIIe, qTO, nO!CKOJIbKy JIHTOBCK城nOCOJI Ha3biBaJi B aclmHfl BeJIIIKIIM KHJI3eM 'B 。eBpaJIe l501 r」2, a BepllTemb HbIe rpaMoTbl HocoJIb:cTBy 6blJIII BblnaHbl B BIiJIbHe B JleKa6・ pe l500 r., BacIIJI" Mor B JleKa6pe l500 r・HOCHTb THTyJI BeJIHKOrO KHH3H 13. OXHaKo, |corJIa|cHo BoJIoToBcKoii rpaMoTe, BacIIJI" HMeJI THTyJI BeJIIIKOTo KHH3H !BceH PycII e皿e ,B CeHTfI6pe l500 r. THTyJI BacHJIHFI B BoJIoToBcKoii rpaMoTe 'ce|HTFI6pH 1 500 r. II B rlpaMoTax MapTa II aBrycTa l501 'r. ,coBepmeHHo oJKHHaKOB: <<BeJIHKIIii 'KHH3b Bcefl Py'CH)D B TeK'CTe Ⅲ《KHH3b BeJIHKH> (6e3 cJIo'B <BceH PV&cⅢ》) Ha neIIaTHX. 、 ご ʼ II3 KpaTKoro JIeToⅡHCna H3BecTHO, IITO BO3IBPa皿eHIIe Ba̲ cIIJIIIH conpoBo>KXaJIocb <<onaJIoi)> UMIITp"-BHyKa. B (PeBpaJIe l501 r. JIIIToBcK嘘nocOJI nePeXaJI IIOKJIOH <BeJIIIKOMy KHH310 BacHJIblo, H KHH310 10pblo, II KHH310 JMHTpelo, H KHH- 3Io CeMeHy, II BHyKy BeJIHKo'ro KHH3H, BeJIHIKoMy KHH3Io UMHTpelo> 14. CJIeloBaTeJIbHo, ">Ke nocoJIhcKHii UepeMoHHaJI oTpa3HJI BO3Bbl皿eHIIe Ba'cIIJIHfl H noHH>KeHHe nMIITp"⑥ BHyKa, KOTOPblH xoTH |H COxPaHHJI TIITyJI BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, IIO BIIOBb OKa3aJICH Ha nOCJIenHeM MeCTe B nePeIIHe noKJIO- HoB, KaK Io 1498 r. OnaJIa nMHTPHFI Hoc"a no-B皿HMOMy, nOJIyO,"liaJIbHblit XaPaKTeP" OIIeBH且HO, nOCJIe BO3'BPa皿eHwI BacIIJIHH, co BTopoii no- JIoBHHbl l500 r., 4MHTpHi lnepecTaJI IonycKaTbcH K 'KaKoMy 6bI To HH 6blJIo,八a)Ke (bOPMaJIbHOMy yIIaCTIIIO B rOCyXaPCTBeHHblx neJIax. C Mafl l500 no anpeJIb l502 rr. (Koma ,nMHTPHimOIIaJI B o。"IIaJIbHylo OnaJIy) oH He ynOMHHaerCfl B JIeTO.IIHCHx・HHKaKKx cBenleHHiI o HeM 3a 3To BPeMH △ HeT H B aKToBblx HcToqHHKax. B IIocoJIbcKHx 3anHcHx 1501- 1502 rr. (KpoMe ynoMHHyTo曲巾eBpaJIbcKO-MaPToBcKOii 3anIIcH 1501 r.) He巾HryPHPylOT HOKJIOHbl八eTHM H BHyKy. B *eBpaJIe - MapTe l501 r. Ha6JIIo"eTcH RaJIbHe曲mee yKpe'mleHIie no31iUmii Bac'HJIIm. B sTo BpeMH IBo3po>KIaeT℃fl npoeKT JKeHHTb6bl ero Ha npIIHne'c'ce EJIH3aBeTe, pp[IepII naTcKoTo KopoJIH. HaMeKIeHHaH Ha BecHy l501 r. cBa1Xb6a EJIH3aBeTbl H IIOaxHMa l, KyP。IOPCTa BPa皿eH6yprcKorO, B yKa⑫ 3a|HHblH 'c'pOK He COcToHJIaCb 'nO nPHIIHHe He'cOBeP皿eHHOJIe- THH JKeHHxa (eMy HcHoJIH"ocb l8 JIeT ToJIbKo 21 。eBpaJIH 12 "C6.PIIO", T. 35, cTp. 310; cp.A. A. 3 M M II H. OcHoBHLIe npo6JIe・ Mb1.・・, cTp・107, npHM. 77; o H IK e. O noJIHTIIIIecKHx npemocDIJIKax…, cTp. 37, npHM. 80. 13 J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 342. 14 <C6. PIIO>, T、35, cTp. 310。 175
1502H r.)ocJIo]KHeHIIMCOmBeuHe曲15.HBaHIIICHOBaBblcTVnHJI c叩eTeH3Heii Ha KaPeJIb、cKHe BoJIOCTH aipe", HcKHC U ジ H CaBOJIaKC !6 II O八HOBPeMeHHO nOmBeP4HJI IIP"JIO]KeHHe O >KeHIITb'6e BacIMJIIIH Ha E皿3aBeTe !7. naTcK" KOPOJIb 'CTPeMHJIcH OTKJIOHIITb nonl 6JIaroBIIXHblM nPenJIOrOM TePPHTOPH- aJIbHble'8II,OIIeBII,nHO,MaTPHMOHHaJIbHblen@JIaHblBeJIHKOrO KHH3H(BecHoiil502r.E皿3aBeTaBb皿JIa,Ha'KOHeU,3aMyIK 3a lioaXHMa 」9). HBaHIII HeorPaHIIIIHJI」cHnpe八ocTaBJIeHIIeMBac'HJIHIo U mpamjiipaBliTeJIII'jorH9meHIilIHoBTopoXcKoii3eM"̲": U U U B̅MapTe l501 r. BacIIJImit, co)ppaHIIBm" BHoBb noJIygWW B1500r・TIITVJI'Be,JIKKoroKHH3H<<BceHPycH>P,pacnopmKaル cH 3eMeJIbHblMH旦eJIaMH B BeJIOO3ePe, KOTOPOe oII Ha3bl"J1 耐輌翫̅万堀iO" 20. B o皿cHoii KiiHre PoMaHoBcKoro Bo⑪ u roHBJIeHcKoro MoHacTblpH 1743 r. ynoMHHaeTcH《rocy,naPeBa rpaMoTaKHH3HBeJIHKoIlqBaclIJIb3̲MoaH9Wa3alWW" Be|CJIOIOnellaTblO…》oT18MapTal501r.2[TaKHMo62a30V, u BMapTel501r.BacHJIHiiBJIa八eJIIIa'cTblo'6blBmeroBepeii6K5-EeJIo3ep'cKoro KHmKecTBa BeJIoo3epoM He60JIbmmM II U '5 C. F. A l l e n Elisabet, Prindsesse af Pannl3r!<, .Kllriyrstinde 、 " Efafld6i66fg̅KGKI855, s. 5; <Dansk biografisk Leksik%', VI Kbh., 1935, s. 291-292. 16 10.uH.皿ep6aIIeB. Konelll、areHCK}le aKTbl) OTHOCHml1eCH K PyC- CKOiM IICTOPHH, Bbln、1.1326-1569rr.M.,1915,Nb4,cTp、5-8; LEKUB, 2:te Abt., Bd. 2, S. 99, Nb l51a (yKa3ana H nepeBena co cTapoHeMeUKoroA.几XopomKeBIIEI). 1710.H.皿e p 6 a q e B. maTcK" ̲apxMB. MaTep"JIbl、,、Io !lcT9R皿 噂 ,DPeBHeit Pocc",̲ xPaHg皿HecH B KOneHrareHe. 1326-1690 rr2­《qTe- IIIIH OⅢ且P>, 1893, kH. 1, IoT,Ⅲ.] 1, cTP. 2-3, JVh 3 (yKaSa" 5. H・JIp- PH)O ; H]Ke.KOneHrareHCKHeaKTbl…,Nb4,cTp.658.Bo6elIxpa60u Tax皿eP6aIleBa COO6皿aeTcjl o AaTcKOM nepeBonle HaKa3HoIi PeIIII PycCKMx .nocJIoB "TCKoMy KOPOJIIO; B aTOM neIleB・4e ly""" Ig" PIITCH O八OIIePII BeJIKKOro KHfl3JI CbIMg II IfqP9", j<OTH瓜OJDKHO 6blTb Hao60poT,KaK Unpe皿oJIaraJIy)KeIIIO.H・皿ep6aIIeB.BHocJIaHIIH mBeptCkoro PeiixcPaTa UaH皿fy oT l aBrycT4 1501 r・yKa3blBaeTCH, ""m6"" i,JIa dXe""e Ba"JIIm . (Eaqlli,llI Magllu") k6"656kb"6Mepm (LEKUB, 2.te Abt., Bd.2, s. !9, " !214. Ha u u 1810.H・皿ep6aqeB.I<oneHrareHCKHeaKTbl...,Nb4.mae八cKHH PeiixcPal, nmcam, nPaB",」T2JfOP"b n9WI"W。 BWImfphW, KIWFI9gW・ ” "6 6nopHble deM)IH (LEKUB2 ̅2-te Abt., Bd. 2, S、99, M 151a), OiHaKO aia mHTePnPeTaUlifl CO6LIT" enBa JIm pIIOJIH2 JOPTOBPPH4: 19 5̅F:̅Ane n dp." cit, S 6; F. W a g ne r. DeX Schaiz 、 deI KIW ftjrstin Elisabeth - von Brandenbur9.-<〈Hohenzollern-Jahrbuch", V1. "M-rijEEE ig62r S. 71; <bansk biografisk Leksikon...", V1, s. 291. 20 ACSH, T. 11, JW 305. 2' rnB, THToB 4638, @J1. 90. 176
KycKOM 6blBmero yrJIIInKOrO ymeJIa - POMaHOBcKHM ye30 0 JIOM色色. ̅ Jo 1501 r. BeJIoo3epo Haxo"JIo'cb B ynpaBJIeHHH BacIIJIHH, OIIBBH1Ho, IBa>KnLI - B 1485 1I l492 rr., 'Ho B o60Hx cJIVIIaHx He KaK ,<<oIIHHa>>. B l498 r. BeJIoo3epoM BenaJ1 瓜MHTP "-BH'yK・qTO KaCaeTICH yrJI皿Koro yneJIa, To BacHJ1Hii lPaHee He BJIaneJI HHKaKIIMII erO rlacTHMII, a nMHTpHihBHyK HMeJI B 1498 r. |npaBa !Ha Be)KeUKHii Bepx, BxoJHBm砿 B cocTaB KWI>KecTBa AHnpeJI BoJIb皿oro. B l501 r. BnepBble B acHJIH曲 noJIy[IHJI o,mHoIBPeMeHHO IIacTb 6eJIo3ePcKoro,H yr皿mKOr|OHaCJIe"CTBaBHOJIHOeyneJIb'HOeO6JIanlaHHe.3TO 6blJIo HaIIaJIOM yXOBJIeTBOPelIHH naBHMmHIIX nPHTFI3aHIIih BaclIJIIIH Ii ero <<naPTHII>'. IIHTePecHa TePPHToPliaJIbHaFI Han'PaBJIeHHoIcTb BHyTPeHHei noJII1TIIKII I'IBaHa lll B H3y'laeMbIit oTPe30K BPeMeHH B neKa,6|pe l500­月HBape l501 r. IM'Ba'H npoHBJIHJI BHHMaIIIIe K ropoxo皿y 23 H HpOCJIaBJIIO 24, OqeBHIHO, CTPeMHCb HeiiTpaJIH30BaTb Bo3Mo)KHble npeTeH3HH BacIIJIml Ha aTH ye3XbI, ymeJIbHo nomBeXoMcTBeHHble eMy B l496 Ii l497 rr. B 7009 r. (Me邪ユy ceHTH6PeM l500 PI aBrycToM 1501 r.) ZBaH III BblnaJI )KaJIoBaHHylo rpaMoTy TpoIIne-CeprIIeBy MoHacTblPIo Ha ceJIa MaJIoHpocJIaBenKoI、O ye3,ma 25. nOHBJIeHIIe 3Toh rPaMOTbl cJIenyeT PaccMaTPHBaTb B cBeTe naHIIblx O HoJIy'IeHIIH BacwIIIeM BeJIoo3epa, noIcKoJIbKy MaJIbli HpocJYaBeU 6blJI cocTaBHoii [IacTblo yneJIa MIIxalIJIa AHnipeeBIitla BeJIO3ePCKOrO・m」BaHIII,」He>KeJIaHoTnaBaTbBaIcHJIMIIoBce TePPIIToPmH BblMopoIIHOro 6eJIo3ePcKorO y八eJIa, yKpenJIRJI CB O「ⅢⅡPaBa Ha Te H3 HIIx, KoTOPble B y,cJIOBIIHx PyICcKO-JIII- TOBCKOit BO伽・lbI IIMeJIH BajKHOe CTPaTerlIqeCKOe 3HaIIeHKe (MaJIbli gpocJIaBen) . CKopee Bcero, Bbl"qa rPaMoTbl cocToHJIacb oKoJIo MapTa l501 r・, II60 np aToro BacIIJIHii, HoBH且HMoMy, He HMeJI 6eJIO3ePCKOro HacJIeXcTBa, a B nePlIOX Me>K,n{y anPeJIeM H IIIoHeM oH oT6blJI B TBepb 26. BepoFITHo, B 1500 r. BJIaneHPIH B ye34e MaJIoro HpocJIaBUa noJIy'IHJI Iiepe皿e,Ⅱ皿嘘H|a cJIy>K6y K HBaHy lll KHH3b BacMJIIIih HBa- 22 0 nplIHanl、me>KHocTH PoMaHoBa AHnpelo BoJIb皿oMy cM.: mlnr, Nb 82. 23 AC31I, T. 111, JYb 114. 24 TaM >Ke, M 221. 25 TaMンKe, T. 1, JV@ 631. 26 <<Pa3pfuHaH KImra l475-1598 rr.>. M., 1966, cTp. 3 1 ; rnB, 3pMI・IT. 390, .m. 25-25 06. (noJIb3yIocb MalnⅢHOmlCHOFI KOⅡⅡe曲, nPe40CTaBJ1ellIIoih MHe B. H. ByraHoBblM). 12 C. M. KamTaHoB 177
HOBHII皿eMflIIHII 27. B KaKoji Mepe 6LIJIa BbI3BaHa BbInaqa rPaMOTbl CTPeMJIeHIieM OrPaHHIIIITb erO nOJIIITHLIeCKOe B皿畑一 R J HHe B STOM PaHOHe, CKa3aTb TpyIHO. rpaMoTa BBoXmJIa HoByIo, npHMeHFIBmylocH c l500 r, HOPMy OrPaHH[IeHIiH MOIIa'CTblPCKOrO Cynte6HOro IIMMyHIITeTa, H3blMaH H3 11ero pymery6cTBo II |pa360ii 'c noJIIIII|HblM. ①HKcaUHH no八CyXHOCTH MOHaCTblPcKOro npHKa3IIHKa H KPecTbHH IB HCKOBblx EleJIax BeJI'HKOKHH)KeCKOMy nPaBIITeJIb|cTBy cOnPOBo)KnaJIacb ycTa|HOBJIeHHeM JByx |CPOKoB Bbl30Ba KPe- cTbHH B |cynl. 3HaIIMT, TPoIIUKme MaJIOHPocJIaBeUKIIe ceqJTa CTaBHIJIHICb nOA 60JIee 'cTpOrH曲KOH叩OJIb UeHTPaJIbHOji BJIaU CTH) LIeM BJIa,八eHIIH HOBrOPonicKIIx MOHaCTblPelI, o KoTOpblx mJIa PeIIb Bblme. B Mae - HIoHe l501 r. liIBa|HoM III npoBo瓜HJI a'Cb lOBOJIb- HoaKTH.BHaHHOJI'HTHKaBraJIIIUKoM281IMocKoBcKoM29ye3nax. BHHMaHHe K raJIHIIy Mo>KHo o6bfIcHIITb XBoHKo: c "HO的cTOPOHbl, OH HaXO八皿cH, O'IeB皿Ho, B C。epe IIHTePeCOB Ba,cIIJIHH, ynpaBJIHBmero B l485 II 1491/92 rr. coce"eii KocTPOMOih; c JPyrOii cTOPOHbl, nPaBa Ha raJIIIII M|Or nPe瓜もHBIITb nepemeユ皿mhB l500 r. 'nonl |cIo3epeHHTeT Iri」BaHa lll KHH3b BaIcHJIIIii l'IBaHoBIIII皿eMHII|IIII, |nPane4y KOTo」POrO HeKoma nPHHantJIe)KaJI 3ToT cTaPHHHblii yneJIbHblii UeHTP. B MocIKoBcKoM ye3八e nOJIHTIIKa JIOKaJIH30BaJIa'cb !B PaiiO|He nexoPcKorO cTaHa, oKPy>KeHHoTO c BOcTOKa BOJIOCTHMH, npe班瓜e BXO皿BmHMH B ynteJI IOpHH Ba'cIIJIbeBH'Ia mMIITpoBcKoro H BHocJIe"cTBHH nepemeXIIIHMH K AHnpeIo CTaplInKoMy cOrJIacHO nyxOBHO曲HBaHa lll (DKeJIb, BoxHa li ".). Bo3Mo>KHo, B l501 r. 3TH BoJIocTH cTaJIII o6'beKToM npeTeII3Hii BaCliJIHFI WII,I MJIa及山HX y4eJIbllblX KHFI3ei, B CBH31i C IIeM H HaBo4HJIcH nOPH八oK B 3eMeJIbllblX八eJIax 6JIH3KOrO K CnOPHblM TePPHTOPIIHM CTaHa. K HHBaplo l501 r. oTHocmTcH BbmaLla npaBoji rpaMoTb」 Ha 3eMJIH FIpocJIaBcKoro ToJIrcKoro MoHacTblpH 30. B poJIM cy,Ⅱb'H Bbl'Cme曲 ⅢH|CTaHUliH B 3TOM 叩aMOTe BbICTynaeT HBaH III. B 1500/01 r. HBaH, |BMIIMo, orlacaJIcFI 3a cynlb6y HpocJIaBJIFI, KoTopblii B 1496 r. ,6bIJI o皿a:H B yneJI BacHJIHIo. 27 B 1505 r. npoBo且mJICH Pa3'be3,m erO 3eMeJIb B MaJIOFIPoC,JIaBenKOM ye3"e c 3eMJIFIMII TpoI皿e-CeprlleBa MoIIacTbl" (ACSH, T. I, JYb 659) . 28 TaM ]Ke, T. 111, Nh250, 251. 29 TaM >Ke, T. 11, JYU 424. 30 TaM )Ke, T. 111, JVb 221. 178
HecMoT" - Ha oTnpaBKy BeJIIIKoro KHH3H BacIIJIHfl B TBepb B l501 r., TBePoKOro KHa>KeHHH oH, o[IeBH且HO, He nO- "yIIiiJL KalUi B l492/" r" c。epa Ul)oHBJIe¥"yXeJIbHbIx nOJIHoMoIIIIit BacIIJIHH IIBaIIoBHLIa B TBepcKo# 3eMJIe orpaHⅡ噸BaJ'a,cb Ka皿PIHcKIIM ye3npM. OJJHaKo caMH sTII HoJI!Ho- MoIIIIH 6blJIH Bbl'Pa>Kellbl 60JIee OnPeXeJI,eHHo, IIeM B 1492/93 r., Korna BacHJIHi ToJIbKo 'noITBep>KmaJI HMMyHH- TeTHble rpaMoTbl. B l501 r. oH BblmaJI )KaJIoBaHHylo rpaMo- Ty Tpomme-CeprlieBy MoHacTbI'pIo Ha lBop c noJIJIHoii B Ka- 皿1He Ha nOcane 31' 3To 6blJIa BToPafl nO CLIeTy (HOCJIe rPaMOTbl PoMaHOBcKOMy MoHa'CTbIPIO) caMocToHTeJIbHO BblnaHHaH BalcHJIHeM )KaJIoBall'I-laH rpaMOTa・OHa KacaJIacb Tex >Ke o6beKToB, qTo 'H rpaMoTa li|Ba|Ha HBaHoBIIIIa l487 r., noXnIICaHHaH HaHMFI BaCIIJI" B 1492/93 r.32 HopMbl HMMyHIITeTa, 3a(PMKcIiPoBaHHble B rpaMoTe 1501 r., HaxomflTcFI B flBIHoM npoTIIBo'pe[IIIII 'c npIIHIlHnaMH H MMyllIITeTHO曲noJIIITHKII IIBaHa lll 90-x roIo'B XV-HaIIaJIa XVI B. XoTH Ho cPaBIIeHHIo 'c npe且mecTByIOmeit rpaMOTOiM Ha KamHHCKmiⅡBoP (1461-1466 rr. 33) no"THoii IIMMyHHTeT npenoIcTaBJIHJIcH MoHacTblplo B rpaMoTe l501 r. B orpaHH[IeHHoM o6beMe (BⅢHcJIeoTMeHeHHblxHaJIoroBH nO皿JIHIH He ynOMHHalOTIcH FIM,く瓜eJIO>", MblT, TaMra, nHTeH- Hoe lI JP.), o皿aKo OH Oc,TaBaJI'CH Bce e皿e3HaIIHTeJIbflblM (ocBo60)KnleHHe oT "HH, noco皿HOii CJIy>K6bl H《ⅡomJIH") , a cyne6Hblii IIMMyHHTeT pe3Ko palcmmpHJIcH (B rpaMoTe 60-x rOnOB H3 BOTIIHHHOii lO'PHc瓜HKnHII HICKJIIoIIaJIHCb Pa360ii, 且ymery6cTBo II TaTb'6a c |noJIIIIIHblM, B rpaMoTe l501 r.TOJI bKO Iy皿ery6cTBo, npHqeM K 3ToMy 'nplIcoemIHHJIocb ocBo60)KnleHHe oT HaMec'IYHIIIIbHx KopMoB H no60poB npaBeni、 IIHKOBH瓜OBOAqlIKOB) . BacIIJIHit yKpenJIflJI cBoIo BJIacTb BBemellHeM B rpaMoTy cTaTbH o HOJIC|ynHO!cTH eMy HryMGHa 'Ii erO npllKa3[IHKa. 3Ta cTaTbH nOCHraJIa Ha nPePOraTHBbI He MIITpo'IIoJIHTa, a BeJIHU KOrO KHH'3H, 'KOTOPbllI HBJIHJICH且JIH TpOHuKOrO HryMeHa lcy4b- eii Bblc皿eii IIHcTaHUHH |cor@macHo rpaMoTaM 1492 1、、 Coxp aHHBm城cH MaTePHaJI HO3BoJIFIeT IyMaTb, IITO, |nOJIyIIIIB KamHHcK" yneJI, BacHJI" BpeMeHHo ,noTepHJI BeJIoo3epo H, Bo3Mo2KHo, PoMalloB. B npaBoi rpaMoTe ,Ha 6eJIO3ePcKIie 3eMJIH anPe@ノIH 1502 r. B poJIH cynlblI Bblcmek 3 1 TaM >Ke, T. I, Nb 637. 3 2 rnB, noro瓜.1905, J1. 64 06., Nb 47 3 3 ACSH, T. 1, JVb 298. 179 12*
HHCTaHnHpI BblCTynaeT IIBa'H III 34; II3 npaBOii rPaMOTbl aBrycTa l502 r. cJIenyeT, IITo cy4 6blJI HaqaT npH BacHJIHII, Ho 3aKoHIIeH npli llBaHe lll 35. CoeJJIHeHHe Bcex aKToBblx II JI eTOⅡHcHbIx naHHblx o BacIMHII 3a l501-1502 rr. B exIIHvIo xPOHOJIOrHIIecKyIO Uenb XaeT CJIenylo皿ylo KaPTHHy: B MaPTe 1501 r. BacIIJImii HMeJI B yneJIbHoM BJIaneHIM BeJIoo3epo II PoMaHoB; 24 MapTa B MoIcKBy BblexaJI n,cKoBIc:KIiji KHR3b AJIeKcaHIp BJIaJIHMHpoB1III, a TeM BpeMeHeM B MapTe - anPeJIe lI, oIIeBHIHO, n03)Ke ncKOBII1IH HeoXHOKPaTHO O6Pallla- JTHcb K HBaHy lll II BacIMHIo I/I'BaHoBwIy lc 'nPocb6aMII o BoeHHoii noMomH B 60pb6e c JIHBoHcKHM o"eHoM 36; B KaKoe-To BpeMH Me>Kny anpeJIeM H HIoI-IeM BacPIJI" yexaJI B TBepb ,c BoeBoXaMH H JIBopeUKHM B. I'I.roJIeHIIHbIM; B aBrycTe l501 r. oH BblnaJI rpaMoTy TpomUe-CeprmeBy MoHaICTblPIO !Ha KamlIHcK砿且BoP; B oKTH6'pe l501 r・くBeJIHKHe KHH3H HBall Ba:cMJIbeBIIIIb II BacHJIehHBalHOB'H'Ib> nPII'cJIaJIH HICKOBH[laM HOBoe no4KPenJIeHme 4J1側nPOnPJI>KeHIIH BOii- Hbl c JIHBoHUaMII 37; l l anpeJIH l502 r. ,co'cToHJIacb o。H皿一 aJIbHaH (H OKoHIIaTeJIbHaFI) OnaJIa nMHTpHH-BHyKa, |KoTOpblii 6blJI JIHmeH BeJIHKoKHFI>KecKoro TIITy,IIa 38, 13 anpeJIH HIBaH III H BacIIJIHih coBMecTHo BbInaJTH IBe )KaJIoBaliHble rPaMOrrbl 'noMe皿H'KaM皿eJI OH'CKOhnflTHHbl HoBropoIcKoro ye34a 39, 3TH rpaMOTbl KaCaJIH,Cb 3eMeJIb B nerO)KCKOM nOrocTe, p6paUeHIIoM K JIIIToBcKoMy TeaTpy BoeHHblx neii- CTB" 40,IIHMeJIHHe TOJIbKOBHyTPHnOJilITHqeCKylO,HOII BHe皿HenoJIHTHIIeicKylo HanpaBJIeHHoIcTb; 14 anpeJIfl HBaH III 《Ⅱo)KaJIoBaJI cblIHa cBoero BacmJIIIa, 6JIaTocJIo|BIM ,H no,caJIHJI gaBeJIIwKoeKHH>KeH'MeBoJIoJMMepcKoeHMocKoBcKoeHBcea PycHH caMoJpL>KneM,no6JIarObJIoBellHIoCHMoHaMHTponOJIIITa Bcea PyCHH》41; 12 MaH I502 r・nOBeJIe'HIIeM IIBa- HalllHBalcIIJIHHHa[IaJIoIcbKpyinHoeo60poiHHoecTpoIITeJIb34 AC3H, T・I1, Nb 336. 35 TaM >Ke, Nb 337. 36《ncKoBcKme JIeToHIIcII>, Bbln. I, cTp. 84-85. 37 TaM )Ke, cTp. 86. 38 nCPJI, T. VI, cTp. 48, 243; T. V111, cTp. 242; T. XII, cTp. 255; T. 20 nepBa兜noJIoBIIHa, cTp. 373; T. 23, cTp・197; T. 26。 cTp. 295; T. 28, cTp. 336. 39 g. H C a M o K B a c o B. ApxIIBHblii MaTepliaJI, [T・II M., 1905, oTn. II, cTp. 7, 8. 40 ner)KO­norocT Ha p. meJIoHII, He八aJIeKo OT ee lICToKOB, K IOro-BOCToKy oT 3Tgro. nOrocTa Haxo".mcFI XoJIM, K ceBepo-3anany - nopxoB (cM. KaPTy K. A. HeBoJIIIHa). 41 CM. cH. 38, a TaK>Ke T. 30, cTp. 139. 180
1 cTBo B HoBroPone 42; 16 HIoHH 1502 r. BacwIIIii BbUaJI )Ka- JIoBaHHyIo rpaMoTy noKpoBcKoMy ymlmKoM'y MoHacTblplo Ha BoTIIIIHbI B Be)KeUKoM Bepxe 43; JIeToM l502 r. (Io aBrycTa) Ba'cHJT" BJIaleJI BeJIoo3epoM. TaKoe pa!cnpenleJIeHIIe cBeneHIIii roBopHT He ,cToJIbKo o coBMellIeHHII Ba'cIIJIHeM pa3JTHII|Hblx 。yHKⅡ砿 H TeppIITOpHaJIDHblx nPaB, cKOJIbKO O 'Ia:cTBIX 」nePeMeHax B erO .n'OJIO>KeHIIH, KoToPOe OcTaeTcH cTaOIIJIb」HblM JIIImb B OIHOM OTHO一 meHIIII: c 1500 r. BacHJIHii HeII3MeHHo HoJIb3veTcfl THTvJIoM ヅ ジ BeJIHKOrO IぐHFI3JI B|ceFI PycH. MapToB'cKHi 3IItcneplIMeHT l501 r.-'nepenaLIa Ba'cwIIIIo HeKoToPblx qacTeit BepeiicKoBeJIO3ePCKOrO 'm yrJIHHKOrO KHH>KeCTB,- OIIeBImHO, y>Ke B anpeJIe ユ VcTVnaeT ゴ ジ M e c To H ! c I To J I b 3 0 B a H I ' I I o ero B DoJIH 人 IconOa入 BHTeJIH OTUa, HBJIHBmerOCH <<KHH3eM HOBrOPOICKI'IM II nCKOB- CKIIM>> (BO3MO>KHO, B CBH、3II C HOBbIMHⅡpeTeH3HHMH HBaHa Ha KapeJIbcKIIe BoJIocTIM H npeXJ1'o>Ke:HIIeM >KGHHTb BacHJI|HH Ha EJIH3aBeTe), 3aTeM BaCH皿歯oTnpaBJIHeTcH B TBepb, Ha Ka'Koii-To |cpoK nonyIIaeT KamlIHcKH曲yneJI, cHOBa Bo3BPa 皿aeTcH K IICHOJIHeHIIIo '(byHKU" cOnPaBHTeJIH KHH3FI 'HoBroPOXcKoro H |nCKOBcKoTo II ToJIbKO IIePe3 1Ba MeCHUa noCJIe nOCTaBJIeHHHHa BeJIHKoe K|HH>Ke'HH|e <BJIalIIMepcKoe H Moc- KoB'cKoe)> ( 14 anpeJIFI l 502 r.) oIIHTb nplIo6peTaeT [IacTb yrJI皿Koro yneJIa (Be)KeUKH曲Bepx) , a BcIKope H BeJIoo3ePo XapaKTep 'BI-IyTpHnoJIHTHIIecKo曲60Pb6bl HaKaHyHe ona'mbI IMHTpllFI-BHyKa IIe BnoJIHe HceH. Bo3Mo>KHo, oTbe31 BacHJIHH B TBepb H Ha3HaIIeHHe ero KHH3eM KamHHcKHM BeCHOカーJIeToM l501 r.- Mepbl, BI)13BaHHble lYpIITH3aHIIFIMH IIa TBepcKoe KHFI>KeHIIe UMIITPIIH-BHyKa, oTeU KoToporo IIPaBHJI TBepbIo !B l485-1488 rr. BoJIbme MO>KiHO cKa3aTb O nOJIHTHIIeCKoii 60Pb6e nOCJIe OnaJ'b'nMIITpH兄.OIIeHbH;HTePecHoHaJI池meXByXMeCHIIHOrO IIPOMe>KyTIKa Me>KXy 'cO6blTIIHMH cePeⅡⅢHbl a:npeJIH 1502 r. m peaJIbl-IblM npoFIBJIeHHeM npalB Ba:cHJIHFI Ha Be>Kem〈1曲 Bepx B HIoHe. HecJIy[IaiiHbli xaPaKTep 3Toro pa3PblBa noXTBep>KIaeTcH conocTaBJIeHIIeM npaBblx rpaMoT 1502 r., H3 KoToPoro cJIeXyeT, LITo B an:peJIe l502 r. BacIMHii e皿e He PaCnOPH>KaJICH BeJIOO3ePOM, HO nP aBryCTa y>Ke IIMeJI nPaBa Ha 'Hero. Oco6eHHo cHMnToMaTHIIHa 'BblnaIIa rpaMoT oT o6be皿IHeHHoro JIPIUa HBaHa lll lI BacHJIHH Ha l-IoBropOnCKHe 3eMJIH 6yKBaJIbHO rlePe3 neHb nOcJIe OnaJIbl JMHTP". 42 nCPJ1, T. 1V, q. 1 , Bbln. 3, cTP. 61 1 43 AC3II, T. 111, Nb 82. 181
npIIBJIeIIeHHe BacHJIwI K paccMoTpeHHIo .BonpocoB, cBfl3aHHblx c HoBropoHoM, 3aciBMIeTe@mbcTBoBaHo II B JIeTo|nHIcHoM TeKcTe non l 2 MaH l 502 r. Co3naeTcH BneIIaTJIeHHe, tlTo, nocanlIB BacIMHFI Ha BeJIIIKoe KHFI>KeHHe B"ノIa凡IIMIIpCKOe lI Mo'cKoB,cKoe, IIBaH III cTpeMH"cFI xoTFI 6bl lleKoToPoe BpeU MH yneP)KaTb CblHa B OrPaHH'IGIIHOH POJIH CBOerO COnPa|BII- TeJIH no HoBroPOXCKIIM XeJIaM 44 B cepe旦HHe alnpeJIH - cepe"IHe llIoHFI 1502 r・npo6JIeM a pa31eJIeHIIH c。ep BJIIIHH" npIIo6peJIa 60JII,nlylo ocTpoTy. Bo3Mo]KHo, IIMeHHo K sToMy BpeMeHII oTHocHTcH BTopo曲 。 nPO|eKT 'Pa34aIIII yneJIOB MJIa且mIIM Icbl'HOBbf1M, OTMe'IeHHblH B JIeTomlcUe JIyPbe OnflTb-Ta'KH KaK 'coBepmHB山油CH 。aKT: <<Bb JIeTo 7010 0TnvIcTHJI KHFI3b BeJIHK砿瓜eTe'cBomx KHH3H IOpbH na K.HfI3月瓜MHTPefl Ha yneJI Bb mMII叩OB II Ha yr̲ JIe'I> 45. npoEKT, no Bcei BepofITHocTH, He 6bmⅡPOBeneH B >KII3Hb, p U IIO BO3HIIK OH, BM瓜HMO, 4JIH IHellTPaJI'H3auHHTep P liTOP liaJIb- Hblx npeTeH3Hii BacHJIIIH, rpaWIoTa KoTo'poro no」KpoBIcKoMy yrJIIIUKOMy MOHacTblPlO HOKa3blBaeT, qTo BeJIHKOMy KHH310 BacIIJIIIIo HBaHoBIIIIy nocTaJIcH B yXeJI Be>KeUKHii Bepx. Ha|BepHoe, HBall lll npe八noJIaraJI nPenPCTaBHTb yrJIHIY nMIITPHIO nBa *aKTa nO3BOJIFIIOT CIIHTaTb nPOeKT Pa3naIIm yneJIoB B 1502 r. HeocymecTBJIeHHblM: 21 IIIoHfl l502 r. I'IBaH III BblnaJI >KaJIoBaHHylo rpaMoTy TpoIIUe-CepmeBy U MoHacTblPIo Ha nPoe3X MOHacTblPcKHx sKcne瓜HUHH Ⅱo nMIITpoBcKoMy ye3ny46; 14 11IoJIH 1502 r" HBaH III oTnpaBIIJI B CMOJIeHCK砿ⅡOXOⅡ且MHTpHfI 47, npeTe皿eHTa Ha 44 B HaIIaJIe l503 r. o"eHMeiicTePy AoHocIIJm H3 noJIoUKa, IITo o瓜HH IIJlel・IHIJIii,・6e)KaBmllil l43 MOCKBbl,cKa3aʻ可、6ymTo BacM。mllii 3aKJIIoIIIM cOIo3 C HeKOToPbIMI'I BJIHFITem)IbHeiimIIMII BeJIIJMo)KaMM H xOTeJI H3BeCTH BeJIIIIKOTOKHFI3FI;y3HaBo63ToM,I]oCJYe皿砿aPeCTOBaJICbIWa,anP)t TMX 6e3>KaJIoCTHO II Pa3I・IblMII CHOCo6aMII Ka3HIIⅡ;CTaPbli BeJIHKHii KHFI3b HIIKOMy He Pa3PemaeT HH B'IJe3>KaTI> B cTpaHy, HII Bble3>KaTb II3 Hee; OH cTaJI nOn03PHTeJIeH I1 60HTCFI, IITO B cTPaHe nPOII30imeT 60JTbmaH pacnl)FI. OIHaKo npeZcTaBIITeJIH o"eHa Bblpa31IJIII ̲KpaiiHee He40Beplie K 3ToMy II3BGcT}IIo (LEKUB, 2-te AI)t., Bd. 2, Nb 441 , S 333; yKa3aJIa lI nepeBeJIa co cTapoHeMenKoro A.几XopomKeBHq). UeicTBIITeJIbHo, H1Iqero noXo6Horo no pyccKIIM HcToIIHIIKaM IIe Ha6JIIomaeTcFI, a co6bITIIFI, omlcaHHble mlGHIIblM, HanoMIIHaloT 3aro'Bop l497 r. 45,H.C・J1 ypbe・KpaTKI'Iii JIeTonHceu norozIIIHcKoTo co6paH順.­《Apxeorpa"qecKIIji e)KGI,o皿HK 3a l962 roユ沙M.、1963, cTp. 443. 46 rnB, norom. 1905, &T. 57-57 06., Nb 33. 47 nCPJI, T、VI, cTI). 48; T̲ VIII, cTp. 242-243; T. XII, cTp. 256; T. 20, nepBaHno&noBIIIIa, c1・p. 373; 'r. 23, cTp. 197; T、24, cTp. 214; T、26, cTp、295-296; T. 28, cTp. 336; <<Pa3pmlHafI KHIira...>, cTp. 34. 182 /
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1 u U pHeTnoCTaHOBJIeHHRPaCCMOTPeHHOHBblmeoTXeJIbHOHrPa- MoTbl l502 E Ha noMecTbe MoceeBblx・BblXaqa rpaMoTbI OrapeBV cocToflJIacb 'B ycJIoBHHx 3aTyxaHIIMH pyccKo-JIIIToB- cKoii BOiHbl (B MapTe l 503 r. B MocKBy npli6blJIo JIIIToBcKoe nOcoJIbcTBo C nPe皿o)KeHIIeM HepeMHp") . OIIeB皿HO, B KOHIle HHBapfl l503 r. Tpe60BaJIocb yKpenIITb cyBepeHIITeT Beu JiliKoK">KecKoro npaBHTeJIbcTiBa Ha 6JIII3Koii K py6e)Ky u TePPHTOPHH皿eJIOHCKOHIHTIIHbl. iITali, nepHonl c ceHTfl6" l502 no aBrycT ̲1503 r- Bpe: MH 60JIbmOiiCneP)KaHHOCTHBHMMyHHTeTHOMH3eMeJIbHOii nOJIHTII'Ke. nO3muHH, 3aHfITafl BeJI|IIKoKHJI>KeCKIIM nPaBHTeJIb- CTBOM, OTKPO|BeHHO neMOHcTPliPOBaJIa erO ceKyJIHpH3alllIoHHo-orPaHIIKMTeJIbHble HaMePeHI畑. Bo BTopoHnOJIoBHHe l503 r. HaMeIIaloTcH cyme|cTBeHH bl e U 。 nepeMeHbI̅BnoJIwTHIIecKoiio6cTaHoBKe Ue"9BHbl"9.92 OThePrbeKyJIHPm3aIMCHHylonpOrpaMMy IIBaHalll 75. u nPOBaJI nJIaHOB CeKyJIHPH3aUlM nePKOBHO-MOHaCTblPCKHx 3eMeJIb B PoccHII XVI B. PI, B IlacTHocTII, npoBaJI nJIaHa, npenJIo)KeIIHoroB1503r.,IIcTopHqecKPI3aKoHoMepeH.yKa3blBaH, IITo UePKoBHble HMyIIleCTBa cOcTaBJIHJIII PeJIIIIrHO3- HylOTBeP皿HIOKTPa皿皿OHHblx)>(beo,naJIbHbIx)OTHome- H" 3eMeJIbHoii co6cTBeHHocTII, MapKc nIIcaJI:《CⅡaneHIIeM 3ToiTBeP,mblHIHHeMOrJIIIyCTOHTbH3TII|OTHO皿eHHH),76.Ho U U Ⅱ"eHHe 。eoXaJIbHoi co6cTBeHHocTII Bo3Mo>KHo ToJIbKo jlPH HaノI池班I 60JIee HJIII MeHee rOTOBbIx *oPM HOBOrO - 6yP- >Kya3Horo - yKJIana B HenPax巾eonaJIH3Ma 77. B pyccKoM rocynapcTBe XVI B. e皿e He cO3PeJIH 3KOHOMIIIIecKIie nPen- nOCblJIKH皿H -VHIHIITo)KeHIIH 。eo"JIbHoii co6cTBeHIIocTII Ha U U 3eMJIIo HePKoBHO-MOHaCTbIPcKHX KOPnOPaUmI, xOTH CaMa IIocTaHoBKa 3Toro Bonpoca cBIMeTeJIbcTByeT o 3HaqHTeJIb- 。 IIoM Pa3BHTHH ToBaPHO-,meHe>KHblx OTHOmeHIM H yKpenJIe⑥ H H H B e J I H Ko K H H > Ke C KO H B J I a c Tm . ○ Kpa師eⅡʼHTepecHo,IITomcⅡOJIʻHTHIIecKoHToIIKH3peH皿 cy皿eCTBOBaHHeMOHaCTblPcKOrO3eMJIeBJIanleH|HHBnePBOII U TjeTIIXVIB6bIJIoBKaKoii-TocTeneHmHeo6xo且HMblMyCJIO75 nO叩o611ee CM.: A. n a B JI o B. yKa3. cotl., cTp. 39-52; A. A. 3 1.1- M II H. O6 yIIacTmHHocII" BoJIoUKoro B co6ope l503.r、一《nocJIa・ HmH HocII巾h BonoUKoro".̅M.-J1., 1959, cTp. 370-374、 76 K.MapKcMの. S H reJI b c. Coq., T. 23, cTp. 734. 77 B AHrJTIm, HanpHMep, ceKyJmpm3anIIFI 6blJIa npoH3BemeHa, KaK II3BecTHo, B XVI B. (1534 r.), T. e. B nePHoA cTaHo"eHHH KanmTa順3Ma, B o6cTaHoBKe o6cTaHoBKe pa3BIITIIfl pa3BHTHH6ypxya3HbIx 6yp)KyaaHbIx oTHOmeHKii oTHomeHKH naJIQ̲jLepKQBHo-MonaJIo瓜epKoBHo­Mo- HacTblpcKoe 3eMJIeBJI"eHHe̅H B PoccIIH (60-e ro"I XVIII B.) . 1ʻ91
B}IeM 60pb6bI 3a naJTbHeimylO UeHTpaJIH3auHIO rOCynaPCTBa. npaBHTeJIbcT,Bo HcnblTbIBaJIo 3aIIHTepecoBaHHocTb B PacnPoCTPaHeHHmBOTqHH BOHHCTBylO皿HX HOC"JIHH B C巾epax yneJIbHOKHH>KeCKOro 3eMJIeBJIanleHII凡TaK KaK 3THM, BO-neP- BblX, yMeHIJmaJIOCb IIIICJIO CO6CTBeHHO yneJIbHOKHR>KeCKI,IX 3eMeJIb ll 3eMeJIb cBeTcKHx巾eOnaJIOB, HBJIHBmlIXCH BOeHHblMII BaccaJIaMH y,meJIbHbIx !KHH3eit, a BO-BTOPblx, yKPenJIFIJIocb (IIePe3 MOHacTblPH) BJIHHHHe MoCKoBCKOrO nPaBIITeJIbcTBa lla TeppHTopHH ymeJIoB. TaKHM o6pa30M, pac皿HPeHMe MoHacTblPcKoTo 3eMJIeBJIanieHHfl nPen(cTaBJIHJIO co60h巾OPMy pa3BHTHfl 3KOHOMHIIecKHx II nOJIIITHIIeCKIIx nPe瓜nOCblJIOKJIHKBH瓜 a n 加 I H O C J I e n H I I x y, m e J I b H b l x K H F D Ke C T B . KacaHch Bonpoca o reorpa。|H[IecKoM pa3Me>KeBaHIIII IIOcI1。JIfIH H HeCTH>KaTeJIeih,Ⅲ瓜eHHcOB nblTa.Icfl JIHmb B H'CTOP'II H皿eii HaiiTH q)aKTbl, 06bflCHHIOmHe PacnPOCTPaHeHHe HocII。JIHHCKIIx KoPnOPalIIIii B 3ana皿blx ye34ax. B coOTBeTCTBHII cO cBoeil o6111eii KoHUen皿e曲及eHHCOB CII|HTaJI 皿eihHylO cy皿HocTb lIOCIId)JIHHcTBa nPoHBJIeHPIeM PyC"II- UlIPoBaHHoroPeHeccaHca.no3ToMyBo3HIIK|HoBeHHelIocH巾一 :JIHHcKIIx MoHacTblpeiM B paMKax IIMeHHo HoBropoXcKoi enapxHH, B KOTOPylO BXO且皿Hoc"o-BoJIoKoJIaMcK" MoHaCTblPb, PaCCMaTPlIBaJIOCb IIM KaK Pe3yJ1bTaT JIaTHHH3aUHII HoBropoIcKoii o6JIacTII1, TecHee Bcero conpliKaca:BmeiicH c 3ana皿oii KyJIbTypoih 78. B Hameit IIcTopHorpa*HII, K co)KaJIeHIIIo, HeXocTaToIIHo IIccJIeiyeTcH npo6JIeMa reorPa巾皿 IIOcI11JIHHCKHX H HeCTH>KaTeJIbc'KIIx KOPnOPaU"Ⅱ皿eii 79. BOPb6a nPoTHB MOHaCTblPcKOrO 3eMJIeBJIaneHWI MOrJIa HaIIaTbcFI TOJIbKO B yCJIOBHHx UeHTPaJIII30BaHIIorO rOCyXaP- CTBa,rXe6blJIIHJIHKBII皿poBaHbIHall60"eexpynHbleyneJ1¥ II CaMOcTOHTeJIbHble KHH>KeCTBa, Ho3TOMy JIHmb BO BTOPOM HoJIoBIIHe XV B. HecTH>KaTeJIbcKoe y(IeHIIe 'cTaJIo cMblKaTbcH B KaKo曲-TO MePe C nPaBIITeJIbCrBeHHOii KOHUeⅡuHeit. OntHaKo coxpaHeHIIe ynteJIoB Me>Kny MocKBoii m HoBropoノIOM neJIaJIO "JIH nPaBIITeJIbCTBa oIIeHb 'Ba>KHblM yKPenJYeHIIe H na>Ke Pac- mlipeHIIe BoTqHH HocH。o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro MoHacTbIpH KaK UeHTPa, HaxOIIIBmerOcH B ry皿e ynieJIbHoKHH>KecKIIx TePPH- 73 E. D e n i s s o f f. Aux origines de l'6glise rLIsse aLltoc印hale・一 《Revue des etudes slaves",t. 23, fasc. 1-4. paris, 1947, p. 86--88. 79 Cp. A. n. Ka八。JIy6OBCKHiI. OqepKI'I no Jll)eBHepyccKoH J1HTepaType >KPITHii cBFITblx. BapmaBa, 1902, cTp. 328-329 (o cxeMaTIM3Me KoHnenUMIII Ka1ny60BcKoro cM.: H. C. JI y p b e. I'IAeQJIoI、HIJecKMI 6opb6a…, cTP 289-291 ) . 192
TopHii 80. 3a6erafI Ha 60 JIeT Bnepen<, Mo)KHo oTMeTHTb, IITo JIIIKBM八aUliH CTapMUKoro yXeJIa Bo BpeMH onpHKIHHHbl cpa3y >Ke cHli3HJIa poJIb Moc"o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro MoHacTblpH B rJIa3aX nPaBMTeJIbCTIBa.A. A. 31IMHH B HccJIenpBaHHH, Ho= ⑪ CBFI皿eHHoM 9ToMy MoHaCTblPlo, nPOcJIe>KHBaeT OO皿HH yna- IOK BJI"HIIFI HOc"JIHH Bo BPeMH OmpHIIHHHbl 81. HaJIHIIHe B XVI B. ynleJIoB Mexmy MocKBoii H HoBropoJpM HBJIFIJIOCb nOJIHTIIqecKHM ,aKTOPoM, Me皿aBmHM BblPa60TKe o6皿ePyCCKOii nPorPaMMbl ceKyJIHplI3aⅡⅢH. CHMHToMaTHIIHa nPOTHBOPeIIIIBOCTb CHTyauHH B caMoM HoBropoXe. C oIHoii cTopoHbI, ZBaH III B l499 JIJIm l500 r. npom3BeJI 'laCTHIIHylo CeKyJIHPH3anIIIO 3eMeJIb aPxHenHCKOna ll, ヲ oIIe- BHユH0, 6,JIH3KIIx K HeMy MOHaCTblPeii, Ho, C nPyrOii CTOPOHbl, B Te )Ke rOnlbl yKPenJIHJIHCb nO3HUHII HOBrOPOICKIIx MOHa- cTbIPeii, cBH3aHHblx c BeJIHKOKHH)KecKIIM nPaBHTeJIbcTBOM. ApxIIenmcKon mrpaJI B HoBropoJle poJIb aHaJIorH【畑ylo 皿eJIbHoKHFDKecKoi, no3ToMy npoTHB Hero II 6blJIO HallPaBJIeHo ocTplle 60pb6bl. npoMocKoBcKII HacTpoeHHble MoHaL 9 cTblpm, HanPOTIIB, co,meHCTBoBaJIII HcKoPelieHHIo HoBrOPomcKorO CenaPaTH3Ma lI B HarPaly noJIyllHJII1 3eMe,IIbHble llo.>KaJIOBaHI,IH II HMMyHKTeTHble nPHBHJIerlM. noJIIITHIIecKaH PoJIb MoHacTblpe曲 B Pa3JIIIIIHOii MePe coxpaHHJIacb H B XpyrHx paiioHax cTpaHbl. BoT HoIIeMy HaM Ka)KeTcH, IITO OTHOcHTeJIbHO皿HPOKHe nJIaHbl CeKyJIHPH3a- UHII, KOTOPble BblHamHBaJI HBaH III, 6blJIII pe3yJIbTaTOM 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOhⅡePeOnleHKH CTeneHM UeHTPaJIII3anHH rOCynlaPCTBellHOii BJIaCTH,,n<ocTHrHyToit K HaIIaJIy XVI B. npo6@IIeMaceKyJIHpH3aUHHHnpo6。JIeMayXeJIoBHaxo,Ⅱ11iJIHCb B TecHOik B3aHMoCBH3H・HaIIaJIo TH)KeJIo曲60JIe3HII MBa- Ha lll HHKoHoBcKaH 、JIeTonHcb oTHocHT K 28 HIoJIJI 1503 r、82 0JHaKo ToJIbKo 21 ceHTH6pH 1503 r. IIBaH III oTnpaBHJIcH C CblHOBbHMH B HOe3nXy nO CeBePHblM ye3naM 83, KOTOpaH npo皿HJIacb nP 9 HoH6pH l503 r・UeJIb nOe3XKH COCTOHJIa, OIIeBH4Ho, B TOM, [ITO6bl Ha MeCTe,ⅡPrOBOPHTbcH HaCIIeT 80 SToMy He npoTMBopeqHT To o6cToHTeJIbcTBo, IITo nepBoHaIIaJIbHo I'Ioc" BoJIonK" B皿eJI OHoPy B y,meJII'1・lblX KHFI3bFIx, a He B MOcKOBcKoM npaBHTeJIbcTBe (H. C. JI y p b e. I'MeoJIorHIIecKaH 60pb6a…, cTp. 260-261 ) . 81 A. A. 3 M M H H. OIIGpKH IIo HcTopHH qJeontaJIbHoro 3eMJIeBJIaneHIIH M xo3HiicTBa B MocKoBcKoM rocynapcTBe XVI B.M., 1947 (rBJI, MamliHonlicb) , cTp. 618-623. 82 nCPJI, T. XII, cTp. 257. 83 TaM >Ke, T. VIIl, cTp. 243; T. XII, cTp. 257-258. 1 3 C 、 M . K a m Ta H O B 193
Pa3MePOB II rPaHI皿6yny皿IIx ynleJIoB 84. BepoHTHo, B aBryフ cTe - ceHTH6pe BeJIHK" KHH3b >KnaJI cO60pHoro nPHroBoPa Ⅱo HoBOJy nePKOBHO-MOHaCTblPcKOrO 3eMJIeBJIaneHHH Ⅱ 〆 OTKJIa八blBaJI B CBH3}I C 3THM pemeHHe BOnPOCa oo yAeJIax. MbI 3HaeM, IITo 'co60pHble onpeneJIeHIIH, npIIHHTble 6 aBrycTa 85 H B CeHTH6pe86 1503 r., KacaJIHcb ,npyrllx BonpocoB (o HeB3IIMalIIM M3,mbl 3a XHPoToHIIIO, O皿OBbIXnoⅡaxll COBMeCTHbIX My>KCKHx m >KeHCKHX MOHaCTblPHX) , nPHIIeM IBa nOcJIe皿Hxpe皿eHIIFI 6bIJIII IIOC"JIHHCKHMII nO CBOeil HanPaBJIeHHocTII 87. no MHeHIIIo IO. K. BeryHoBa, y氷e 60JIE3Hb HBaHa lll B nocJIenHIIx IIIIcJIax HIoJ1H l503 r.ⅡOJIO>KHJIa KOHeU CeKVJIH- PH3aUllOHHblM n@ノIaHaM |Be,IIHKOro KHH3H IH O6cy>KnleHIIIo 3TOro Bonpoca Ha co60pe 88. Ho, oIIeB皿IIo (KaK npe皿oJIaraeT II caM IO. K. 6eryHoB1, cyn no noBomy mJIeMeHcKIIx 3eMeJIb H KoH。JIHKT HBaHa III c TpoIiUKIIM HryMelloM CepamloHoM, u U nOJIyIIIIBmHH nPaMaTwIeCKyIo Pa3'BH3Ky B BHne BHe3anHOH 一 O O J I e 3 H H B e J I I I Ko r o K H H 3 H , n P e Ⅱ m e c T B O B a J I H 3 a c e n a H H H M c O - 60pa. PaccKa3 06 3ToM KoH(PJIHKTe B <CJI0Be }IHoM> HB.JIHeTCH IICTopHIIeCKoii CnPaBKOii, nOHCHHIomei np HIIIIHbl BPa>K4bI Me班Ⅱy HBaHoM III H CepanIIoHoM, co6blTHH >Ke, 。 113JIO)KeHHble B nePBOH IIaCTH naMHTHHKa, cJIelyeT naTHPOツ BaTb lia OCHOBaHHH叩yrlIx cBHneTeJIbcTB o co60pe. B T. H. 《nHcbMe o Hemo6Kax》HB )KIITIIHルIoc,H巾a, cOCTaBJIeHHOM JIb|BoM HdIIOJI'OrOM, yKa3blBaIOTcH JBa 3Tana 3aceXaHHii UePKOBHOTO 'cO60Pa !HJIH旦,Ba cO60pa-ⅡePBb血nOCBH皿eHu u HblH BOnPOcy O !BIOBblx nOnax, H BTOPOH - O MOHacTblPCKIIx II nePKoBHblx 3eMJIHx 89. 40KyMeHTaJIbHble HCToIIHHKH HcHo rOBOPHT, IITo nePBblii co60p 6bl@m B aBrycTe - ceHTH6pe. no nPe且noJIo>KeHHIo A. A. 3HMHHa, HocII. BoJIoUK" yexaJI H3 MocKBbl cpa3y nOCJIe 3TOrO CO60Pa B CBH3H cO CMePTbIO BOJIOUKOii KHHrH84 C. M. K a m T a H o B. H3 HcToplIII MTI'IAH", T. 10. M., 1957, cTp. 280. 83 AA3, T. 1, JYb 382. 86 TaM )Ke, Nb 383/1. nocJI"HIIx yneJIoB.­《TpV・Ubl 87 A. A. 3 11 M H H. KHFDKecKHe nlyxoBHble rPaMoTbI HaIIa.JIa XVI B.《HcToI)HLIecKMe 3anIIcKH:", T. 27, cTp. 271; <<HocJIaHIIFIしIoc"a BoJIoUKoro>, cTp. 372. 88 10. K. B e r y H o B̲ yKa3̲ coIJ., cTp. 360. 89くnocJIaHIIH HocHq)a Bo、moUKoro>', cTp. 367; ">KIITPIe npenonp6Horo I'IocM(ba BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro, cocTaBJIeHIIoe HeH3BecTIIblM》­《qTeHP1H OlInp>, 1903, KH. 111, IoTJl.] II, cTp. 36-37. 194
ʼ HK ynbHHbl 90, T. e B HaIIaJIe IIoH6pH (oHa yMepJIa, KaK VcTalloBIIJI A A 31IMHH, 4 HoH61)R 9II A A 3HMHIIy yXajloCb TOqHo naTIIPoBaTb cMePTb Py3cKOro KHH3H IIBaHa Bo- pmcoBmqa(28H6H6"!503r#"):Hoc"、BoJIo""EW no ero no瓜nIMC'H Ha XyxOBHOii rPaMoTe HBaHa BOpHCOBH- IIa93 ,HHo H3BecTHHM )KIIT", cocTaBJIeHHoro CaBBoIo Kpy- TIIIIKHM94,HaxomIJIcFInDcMepTIIHBaHaBopHco'BHIIayce6H B MoHacTbIpe. CorJIacHo )KIIITIIIo IIoc"a, cocTaBJIeHHoMy JIbBOM ①HJIOJIOrOM, Ha cO60P O MOHaCTbIPCKIIx II HeP'KOBHblx 3eMJIFIx IIocIim BoJIoUK" 6blJI <<naKII)> Bbl3BaH (II3 yneJIa?).OTcIo"Mo>KHoKaK6ymo3百面IOIIIITb,IITO3TOT co6op llpolIcxo1HJI BO BTOPO仇ⅡoJIoBMHe HoH6PH - Ha[IaJIe neKa6pH l503 r. OIHaKo oTHeceHIIe co60pa, 06cy)KXaBmero mlaH ceKy、 J1HpII3am恥I,KHOfl6PlO­且eKa6plol503r.HeBo3Mo)KHo,H60 HOBroponIcKHii apxHenHcKon reHHa瓜Ⅲii, KOToPblii, eCJIII Be- pHTb4CJIoByHHOMy>95IIco60pHLIMoTBeTaM96,npHHHMaJI VIIaCTHe B HoJIeMIIKe C HBaHOM III HO BOnPOCy O 3eMJIFIX ny- i(oBeHcTBa, y>Ke l2 HoH6" 1503 r. BepHyJIcH H3 MocKBbl B xoBeHcTBa,y】Kel2HoH6”l503r,BepHyJIcHH3MocKBbl HoBropon H 60cJIbme B MocKBy He Bbl3blBaJIcH Io IIIoHH l504 r. 97 B《nHCbMe O HeJIIO6KaX》­HCTOIIHIIKe 60JIee paHHeM, IIeM >KHTHe HocIIja BoJIoUKoro, cocTaBJIeHHoe JIbBoM HJIOJIOroM, - HHIIel、O He rOBOPlITCH o BTOPIIKIHOM Bbl30Be 90 A. A. 3 11 M II II. KHFDKecKIIe Ayxo.BHble rpaMoTbI..., cTP 271 ;《nocJIaHIIH HOCH巾a BoJIoUKoro>, cTp. 372. 91 A. A. 3 II M I1 11. KHIDKecKHe 'myxoBHble rpaMoTbl..., cTp. 269. 92 TaM )Ke. 93 nHnr, Nb 88. 94<>KIITIIenpeno八o6HoroHocH*aBoJIoKoJ1aMcKpro,cocTaBJIeliHpeCaBBOIo!enmckonoMKpyTIIIIKHM,.-- "(IITeHMHE MocKoDCIfoMO6皿ecTBe JIIo6 IITeqJIenユyxoBH6fo npocBemeHII", {[1. 21 M., 1865, cTp、32-33. 95 10.K,BeryHoB.yKa3・coII., CTp、352. 96 B nepBoM co60pHoM oTBeTe roB'oPHTcHY:' S、CIIMoH MIITpoIIoJIHT B'cea PyClIH II aPxlMemICKonbI II emlcKonbI…》(くnocJIaHIIFI Hoc"a BoJIon- KOrO>, CTP,322) ; Bo BTopoM nocJIaHIII! CKa3aHo: f<...CMMoH MIITPoIIMMT Bcea PVcMH H aPxlIemIcKoⅡHeⅡHcKoⅡb1...》(TaM )Ke, cTp. 325) . B 1503.r. 6blJI Bbel、'O OntIIH aPXmenIICKOm Ha PyCM -- reHHa皿曲. noJ'ンKHOCTb POCTOBCKOro aPXHenHCKona oCTaBaJIaCb He3aMe皿eHHOA C flH- BapH 1503 r. JIo HHBaPb l50Q r. (II M C T p o e2;̲Emi" "a!" H ilacTOHTeJIeih MoHaCTblPeii PoCCmiiCKOAⅡepKBH. Cn6.,1877,cT6.332) . Ho3ToMV MHo)KecTBelIHoe wcJIo (<<apxHenHcKombl>) B JIomenmeM⑪ TeKCTe nePBOrO CO60PHOrO OTBeTa HanP PacCMaTPIIBaTb KaK II03XHeIImee IIcKa)KeHIfe (cp. ToKIHbIe .opMyJIIipOBKK B cO6QpHbIx̲ nppTalIpB""3x oT 6 aBrycTa ̅1503 r. H ceHTfl6" l503 1,.- AA3, T. I, Nb 382, 383/1) . 97 HCP几T. 1V,II. 1,Bbln、3, cTp. 611. 195 13*
II OCH巾a B MocKBy. Hao60poT, TeKcT《nHcbM”Ⅱo3BoJIHeT nyMaTb, IITO CeKyJIHPH3aUHOHHaH nPOrPaMMa 6blJIa BbmBIIHyTa cPa3y nOCJIe nPlIHHTHH HOCTaHOBJIeHHH O BIOBbIx nonax 98. KC'ノIoBO HHOe》Ⅲ《nHcbMo O HeJIIO6Kax> OnHCblBaloT, no-BH"IMOMy, He Pa3Hble, XPOHOJIOrHIIe'CKII 3HaIIIITe.JIb- HO OT4aJIeHHble nPyr OT JIPyra 3Tanbl o6Cy班及eHI畑ⅡJIaHOB CeKyJIHPH3aUIIII, a JIH皿b pa3Hble nepHneTH,II 60pb6bl B TexIe- HHe cpaBHIITeJIbHo He60JIbmoro oTpe3Ka BpeMeHH (o6皿盟曲 MoMellI. B 3TMx paccKa3ax - BblcTynJIeHHe HIIJIa Cop- CKO 1,0 99). B HoBropoJIcKoii ll JIeToHIIcH npHBonHTcH To[IHaH naTa ⅡpHHHTHH co60poM HocTaHoBJIeHH兜O BXOBblx nOnaX -l CeH- TyI6PH 1503r.100(B"MoMIoKyMeHTecKa3aHo<<ceHTH6PH>> 6e3 yKa3aHIIH IMcJIa 1ol) . 3Ty "Ty MoJKHo B3HTb B KaIIecTBe terminus ante quem non Co60ja o nepKoBHbIx 3eMJIHM Z3 pH" JIeTomIcHbIx cBoHoB H3BecTHo, 1ITo 21 ceHTH6pH LIBaH III 」C n<eTbMHnoKIIHyJI MocKBy mBepHyJIcHToJIbi<o 9 HoH6pH. 21 ceHTH6pH - 3To, oEIeBII"o, temiinils post quem nOn ll3yqaeMoro Co60Pa. yKJIapibIBaeTCH JIH Bepc" >KHTHH HocII.a BoJIonKoro, cOCTaBJIeUHorO JIbBoM ・IIJIOJIOrOM, B 3TII xPOHOJIorwIecKIIe paMKH?ComacHo秘ⅢTHIO,HBaHIIIHaHeKoTopOeBPeMH nloMe gQ60pa o BIoBblx Honax ygep>KaJI HocH" B MocK- Be1o2・npe皿oJIo)KHM,[IToHocII。yexaJIH3MocKBbloKoJIo 5 ceHTH6pH. EcJIH HoBoe 3ace"ilIie ,co60Da 6bmo co3BaHo IIepe35nHeii̲llJIHwepe3Hen;eJIIoHocJIegToro,HocH*Mor BepHYTbgHBMocKBy4020-x[IIiceJIceHTH6pH1503r・XoTH FI、aKOH oOOPoT nleJIa nPelcTaBJIHeTcH HeCKoJIbKO CKoPOnaJIH" TeJIbHblM, oH, 0JHa|Ko, He HeBo3Mo)KeH. BepcHH <<nHcbMa o HeJIl96Kax)>, me HIIIIero He roBoplITcFI o6 6Tbe3nle IIocH。a m3MocKBbInocJIenePBoroco60Pa,KoHeIIHo,"yq皿ecorJIaCyeTCHCBbInBHraeMoMiXPoHOJIorHeitBTOPOrOCO60Pa. 98《HQIZa co|BepmHcH co60p o BIoBblx nonex H o IHFIKoHex, H Halla cTapeU HIIJI r"aIoJIaTII, 9To6b[ y MaHacTbipeii ceJI He 6bIJIq…》(《nocJIaHmHMoc"a Bo.moUKoro", cTP. 367) . 99 B >KHTHI,I HocH*a, cocTaBJIeilHoMJIbBoMの}MoJIoroM, H B JKIITIM CePPjlHOHa rQBOPIITCH O BblCTynJIGHHH HecT"KaTeJIeA, 6e3 yKa3aHIIFI HMeH: @<HeKoHM 60 0TUeM." (<>KIITIle npeno406Horo mocI1ja BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro, cocTaBJIeHHoe Hell3BecTIIblM>, cTI). 37; r. H. M o II c e e B a. )KII- THe.̲"alppoJlgKOIp̲ apxIIenIIcKona LXXI. M.- J1., 1965, crp. 156) . Ioo nCPJI, T. 30, cTp. 175-176, 200. 10' AA3, T. I, JVb 383/1. CepanHoHa.­噸Tpynbl OnPJI", 1o2噸>KIITIIenpeno406HoroHocIIjaBoJToKo.maMcKoro,cocTaBJIeHHoeHeM3BecTHblM>, cTp. 36. 196
TaK IIJIH HHatle, oTHeceHIIe co60pa K nepHoXy Me)Kny l lI 21 ceHTH6pH 1503 r. He npoTHBope[IIIT HoKa3aHHHM aKToBhIx ソ JI eTOⅡHCHblX, >KHT"HblX H JPyrHX HCTOIIHHKOB 103. JaTIIPOBKa >Ke erO 60JIee n03XHIIM BPeMeHeM, oIIeBImHO, IICKJIIOWa- eTcH, nocKoJIbKy c 21 ceHTH6pH Ho 9 HoH6pfl B MocKBe He 6blJIo IIBaHa lll, a B HoFI6pe­瓜eKa6pe - reHIIa皿1月. 3.Bo3pox月eHIIe y"e入EHOM CIICTeMLI B >KHTHFIx IIocH申a H CepaⅡHoHa K BPeMeHII co60Pa nPIIypO[IeHo《HeIITo 60>KeCTBeHo>>, CJIyqlIBmeecH cルIBaHoM III '04. 10. K. BeryHoB cIIHTaeT, IITo 3nlecb HMeeTcFI B BImy 60JIe3Hb HBaHa lll KoHUa lIIoJIH l503 r. I05 0XHaKo MecTo, rme o6 3ToM coo6maeTcH B )KHTIIHx (nocJIe paccKa3a o co60pe, 06cy>KnaBmeM mlaHbl ceKyJIHpH3aUlM) , He no3BoJIHeT COrJTacHTbcH c TaKIIM xPOHOJIorlIIIeCKIIM nPHyPoLIeHII- eM. yIIIITblBaH naJIblJeimylO aKTHBHylO neHTeJIbHOCTb HBaHa lll B 1504-1505 rr., 40nycTIIMo npe且ⅡOJIO)KIHTb, xlTO B >KHTHflX PeIIbm瓜eT O cepbe3HoM yJIyIImeHHH 3noPOBbfI Be- JIHKoro KHH3FI B ceHTFI6pe l503 r., IITo XaJIo eMy Bo3Mo>K- HocTboTnpaBIITbcflBHoe3nKy21ceHTH6pH106. BHoJIHe ecTecTBeHHo, IITo IIocJIe HeynaIIII Ha co60pe HBaH III HanpaBHJIcH npe>Kne Bcero K TpoIme, r,Ⅱe cJIeXoBaJIo oKoHqaTeJ1bHo yperyJImpoBaTb KoH('JIHKT c CepanIIoHoM. BepoFITHo, no6ena UepKBH pemlIJIa npo6JIeMy yneJIoB. ToJIbKo HoJIyIIHB oTKa3 UepKoBHblx IIepapxoB npIIHHTb nJIaH CeKyJIHPlI3auHHⅡⅡPIIMHPHBmHCb C STIIM, HBaH III BnJIOTHylO nPlICTyⅡHJI K BbIPa60TKe nyXoBHOii, o IIGM CBHnleTeJIbCTByeT ero nOe31Ka C. ZIeTbMHⅡo roPOnaM K CeBePy OT MocKBbl, pacHoJIo>KeHHblM Ho cocenlcTBy c 6yny皿ⅢMH IMHT- poBo-KamlIHcKHM II yrJI皿KHM yneJIaMH (nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKIIii, PocToB, HpocJIaBJIb) . >KHTIIH IIocI"a II CepanIIo= U 一 Ha nPHMO cBH3blBalOT Me>Kny cOOoH JBa COOblTHH: nPOBaJI 103 no MHeHI110 H. C. JIypbe, Bonpoc o ceJIax o6cy>K",mcfl Ha ToM x(e co60pe, qTo II Bonpoc o BJIoBLIx Honax (H. C. JI y p b e.Ⅲ八eoJIorHtlecKafI 60pb6a….cTp. 410). 104く>K'HTIfe npenono6Horo HocI"a BoJIoKoJIaMcKoTo, cocTaBJIeHHoe He. H3BecTI・IblM>, cTp. 39; r. H M o II c e e B a. yKa3. coI1., cTp、157. . 105 10. K. B e r y H o B. yKa3. coLI., cTp、359, npHM. 32. 106 B CTeneHHoii KHHre nocJIe H3BecTHH o 60JIe3HII I'iBaHa lll roBol)IITcJI: 《I'1 TaKO CaMOneP>KaBHblit He ylIbl, HII O6JIeHIICJI, nOJIe3HaH 'nymH cBOeiinPoMblmJwIH, Cyry6O nOnBIfr nOJIaraH.HnOIIHe C MOCKBbl H C cbIHoMcBoIIM…> (,niaJIee O nOe3XKe nO CeBePHbIM ye3JlaM-nCPJI, T、2 1, BTopaFI HoJIoBIIHa, cTp. 577) . 197
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K" pacUeHIIBaTb3HaIIeHIIeTaKoii JIoKaJI!13aLIIIIIRIIvT咽 U ゾ eHHeHⅡoJIHTHKIIB P MocKoBcKoMye3且e?CBO皿MOCI> JIII 3neCb ユeJIoJIHmb K60Pb6e CⅡMⅡTPoBCKo厳OI1acHocTblO?MblBI,皿eJIH,[ITOOIHI199JIQCTIIIICTaHbl,nOnaBmHeBC巾ePynOJII,ITH" ¥MWa":1504r"rpanmwHjIm̲pye3naMIInMIMEMM {P"911C'K,PbIKOBcTaATPCTEMyiIK"r"リHHCKaflBo2"b),、"H3BeljIIropogcKHM(JIymincKajiEoIUcMW6>f5] "9gIYHPK" :T3H) ; mPyr4e hB""" MMM,ME6 f"yBmIIMI" K IMIITpoBy (Poro>K, mepHa) ; oIHallcM" "IIcb H Te2PIITOPlIII, ToJIbKo nPIJMblKaBmrIe K 3THM 3eMJIFIM (29JIQcTbBeJIII,bTaHbl5oxoB,bo6oJIenJpETM"CMM "Hr""cTaBnfIJI co60ih, oqeB"Ho, Ty (Iacfb lIp6BHe# BoJIo⑪ cTIIUIepHIJI,mellaxoJIII@mcHⅡOrOcTnPy>KKI,06'EeKTBJIajleTgil)HbIx nP3B BacIIJIIIH B nepmoJI el:6 0naJIb! l498 r: U BIyxOBHOjirPaMoTeHBaHdllIcKa3aHo!《且aIITO6blJII,I lf̲JMHTPOBynP皿aHblBoJIocT2 MocKoBcKIIe poro>K, BopH, IW3eneBo,mepHaropo49K,CyJIHmm"̅EROMi'CEM 3̲33̲ I¥。JIocTH ntaIo K MocKBe co BceM no cTapIIHe cbIH# "eMyBacmlbIo;maeMy)KnaIOBoJIocTIICypo派ル1K,naJIy- M"cKoe,naPanPHe>KcBoJIOCrbMHII3nyTwhiII365JIM̅60 BceMII ,IppnllIIIHaMH, " TpeTb My皿KOBy C MblTOM C JIOn- cKHM>>176.BuHTHPOBaHHOH cTaTbe nePeIIHcJIeHbl TePPIIToU PIIH,COCTaBJIHBmHeHnPooIIePtleHHoroBbllueKPyra3eMeJIb, oKa3aB皿HWIB̲leHTPe3eMeJIbHO-HMMyHルITeTHOirlOJTHTHKIf Ha[IaJIa l504 r・Bo3HHKaeT npe瓜ⅡOJIO)Kel-IHe, He noCTaBHJI川l BacIMMi !lepen MRalloM III.Ronpoc o lIEM"eiiMM"ノIⅢ『? U 34m̲frrOHCTaTblUl、lleO6LfICHHerCfIJII!Bbina[IarPAMOTB (heBIlaJIe-MapTel504rnonblTKoAIIBaHalllCOPBaTbnJIaHblBacHJIHRIi3aKpenlITbyKa3aHI­IblepaAoHbl3aco60能 2IMW""gHe 6HIIMaeT̅nPOdneME! M6EMEK6riMmm ご "" oWI'OmeW, a nPe"TaBJIfIeT ee B 60JIee KoHKPefHoM "eTe #BaH III 4QJI>KeH 6bIJI B KaKoih・To MepE IfO"riiAW ryIIKII BacllJIHIQ OH no>KamoBa.II ero nPaBoAi 6ym"am "IcTalInHII B oTgomeHIIIi cocenHeii c JMIITpoBOM MIImVTImー WWJIQ"LrOPeTOBCKIIe ne"2 HBaH ITI PaCCMar"5)! U U ソ ロ U CaM, I-IO, nO-BH且HMoM)k HaneJIIIJI BacliJwIH HeKOTopbIMHⅡo好 39WWMMBcWHeCypo>KIIKe(norpaHII[IHoM6My皿KCBC"BOJIOCTblO cK oHBOJIOCTbIO nMIITPoBcKQro nMHTPoBcKOroye3“Ⅲ,BePOHTHo,oTI ye34a̅II,BePOHTHo,6r'la6fm IacTH CO apeHIIrOPO,mCKHM ye3"OM) . no47013r.BonHcHapxMBagynoBaMOHacTbIPHyKa3a- Hbl nBe rpaMoTbl BeJIIIKoro KHH3FI BacIMHfl HBaHoBIIIIa.: o皿-1a 1 76 JI】且r, cTI). 354 212
<<Cy4Hafl> Ha 3eM川o C. JIynIKoB, ml)yraH 6e3 IIa3BalimR一一 《Ha CeHIIble noKocbl no p. I/IcTpe> '77. Mbl HoMHIIM, IITo oKo- JIo 1506 r. c JIyIKKH Haxo"JIocb B Cypo>KHKe !78. PeKa HcT- W npoTeIIaJIa B I)a"He MymKoBcKoii TpeTII, CypolKMKa, JIyqmHcKo'KBoJIocTII,ropeToBcKorocTaHail3BeHHfdponcKo4 ro ye34a. CeHHble noKocbl JIe)KaJIm, oLIeBMHo, HenajleKo oT JIy]KKOB. qyn<OBCKHe CB皿eTeJIbcTBaocynle6Hoii(Mo)KeT 6blTb, H MeJKeBoi)八eflTeJIbHocTII BacIMHH IIBal-IoBHIIa B cell- TH6pe l504 - aBrycTe l505 r. He HBJIHIoTcH, KoHerlHo, npKa3aTeJIbcTBoM Toro, IITo oH y)Ke B HaIIaJIe l504 r・HMeJI Cyme6Hble npaBa B Cypo>KHKe H oKpecTHocTHx, Ho oHIi ppcTaToLIHo paCKPblBalOT HanPa'BJIeHH|OcTb ero nPeTeH3Hit. BrpaMoTeMHTpoRoJIHqbeMy八oMyHaKoJIOMeHCKHeBJIanelIHH o6'beKTOM Ho>KaJIoBaHIIH 6blJIo ceJIO BHCePOBo c 4epeBHHMH BBPameBe l79,PaCnOJ1O)KellHOiIMeX〈瓜ycpe4HIIM TeIIeHIIeM p. HepcKoM H ee llpIIToKoM CyxaHKoji !80. C BocToKa K 3ToA TePPIITOPHII nPHMblKaJIa BOJIOcTb ryCJIHUa, BXO- 皿B皿" B XVB. E cocTaB JMKTpoBcKoro yneJIa. no nyxoB- Hoii IIBaHa lll rycJIIiUa npe"la3Ha[IaJIacb AHnpeIo; npH sToM IOpHIo 6blJIo 3anpeUeHo BcTynaTbcfl B Hee, KaK H- B gpyrHe 3aBelnaHHbIe AIInpelo BoJIocTH, npe)Kne THHyBmme K UMHTpoBy '81. CaMa BoJIocTb Bpa皿eBa HBJIHJIaCb HacJIe4cTBoM BeJIHKOti KIIH皿HH MapHH HpocJIaBHbl l82, Bo3Mo)KHo, nepenlaBmeii ee onHoMy li3 cblHoBeil. TaKIIM o6pa30M, Bpa皿eBa HMeJIa BaJKHOe 3HaqeHHe JIII60 KaK ynteJIbHOe HaCJIencTBO, JIH60 KaK TePPHToPHfl, cOCe4HHH c ryCJIImeh.ynleJI bl MJIa瓜mHX KHJI3eii 6blJIm瓜JIfl BacIIJIIIH 60JIee npcTynHbIM KycKoM, IIeM yneJI IOPHH, nosToMy HBaH III cTpeMHJIcfI OrPaHHIIHTb erO aⅡneTHTbl, yKPenJIHH CBOIO BJIacTb Ha nO,qC Ty n a X K y 八 e J I b H b l M B O J I O C T H M ・ B nepecJIaBcKoii rpaMoTe MIITPoHoJIHLIbeMy npMy "rypml)yIoT ceJIa B BeJIHKoii cJIo60", KoHIomcKoM M HI'IKmUKoM cTaHax l83. BeJIIIKafl cJIo60Aa - Ioro-3ananHaH IIacTb nepecJIaBJlb-3aJIeccKoro ye3" - Haxo,瓜HJIacb B6JIH3H 3aMocKoB1 77 ACSIJ, T. 111, JVb 48a, cTp. 73, rp. 353, 354. 1 78 B.̲ P. K O 6 PjI H. nBe >KaJIOBaHHble rPaMOTb! IIynlOBy MOHacTblPlo (XVI B.).­く3anMcKII omeJIa pyK,omiceii rocyAapcTBeHHoik 6M6JIIIoTeKHHM. B. H. J1eHIIH", Bbln. 25. M., 1962, cTl). 295. 9 A3HX, w.1,JVb ll3. 7 1 0 8 1 1 B. H.Ue6oJIbcKIIk.yKa3. coII., [BbIn. l], cTp. 5-6. 8 1 2 瓜ⅢⅡr, cTp. 360. 8 1 TaM )Ke, cTP. 196. 8 1 3 Aの3IIX, [1. 1, JYb l34. 213
cKoii BoJIocTII KyIIeH ]84, KoTopafl, KaK H rycJIIiUa, B XV B. 6blJIa K UMIITPOBy @<nPlmaHa),, a HBaHOM III 3aBeuallaCaMoMV MJIa1meMV cblHV - AHnpelo ム (rpaHIIIIIIJTa c MIJ皿VTIIご HbIM) J<OHIOmCKHii CTaH, PacnOJIO>KeHHblji ceBePO-BoCTOtlHee nepecJIaBcKoro o3epa, npocTIIpaJIcfl fIo pocToBcKoro py6e]Ka l85. HIIKI皿KIIil cTaH nPIIMblKaJI K o3epy c IOro-BocTOKa. OH TFIIIyJIcfl no p. Tpy6e>Ky '86 B cTopoHy lOpbeB-noJIbcKoro ye3na. IOpbeB-n'oJIbcKaH rpaMoTa Ha3blBaeT BJIanleHHH B myTKHHe cTaHe l87. SToT cTaH 3aHHMaJI neHTpaJIbHylo IIacTb ye3" B 6acceiiHe p. KoJIoKmH I88・myTKI'IH CTaH BXO瓜皿He管 Korma B c。ePy BJIIIFIHIIH yneJIbHorO JMHTPoBCKOro KHH3H IOpHH BacIIJIbeIBHIIa. Bo BJIa且HMIIPcKoih rPaMOTe MIITPoIIOJIIITy nePeIIIIcJIeHbl 3eMeJIbHble BJIalleHH兄B CJIePylOUMX a4MHHI,ICTPaTHBHblX e4H- H皿ax: B OIIoJ1LcKoM, BoTo。mlo6cKoM,《MeJIexOTUKOM> (I/IJIbMexoUKoM) , KJIeKoBe cTaHax, B CeHry, B Pory, B BoJIocTHx CJIaBUoBe, Bamaqe, ConoMoBe, >Kal、anoBe, THyHUoBe yme, noropeJIIIIle, CaHHIIIIe l89・O noJIbcKH曲, BoroJIIo6cKIm, HJIbMexoUKH曲H KJIeKoB cTaHbl cocTaBJIHJIII UeHTpaJIbHylo IIacTb BJIanHMHpcKoro ye3na, npH'IeM nepBble TpH 6blJIII pacnoJIo>KeHbl K ceBepy oT p. KJ1H3bMbl lI rpaHIILIHJIII c ye3naMII Cy3且aIIbcKHM (OnoJIbcKIIji, BoroJIIo6cKHii cTaHbl) II IOpbeB- HoJIbcKIIM (MJIbMexoUKIIM cTaH) 19q BoJIocTb CaHHHue, BepOJITHO, BXO瓜HJIa ,B cOcTaB IIJIbMexOUKorO cTaHa lI 3axBaTblBaJIa 3eMJ1H Ho npaBoMy 6ePery p. KJIH3bMbl ]91. KJIeKoB CTaH, JIe)KaBmmHK Iory oT r. BJIanIIMHpa B 6acceiiHe peK By>KHH noJIH, npIIToKoB OKH '92, rpaHIIIIHJI Ha 3ana"e c BJIanlIMIIPcKHMII BOJIOcTHMII皿aTypoM II BblmeJIecoM.皿aTyP HBJIHJIcFI HacJIe4cTBoM BeJIIIKoii KHHrmHH MapHH Hpo184 CM.c.B・Kal)HHcKoe 3ana皿ee[、. AJIGKcallXpoBa (coBpeMelIHam KapTa no八MocKoBbFI) ; cp. B. H. n e 6 0 JI b c K II ih. yKa3. coII., Bbln. II, cTI). 21 11 KapTa B KoIIlle KHI"Irm; 10. r o T b e. yKa3. coII., F ­ 弓 c Tp . 0 / / . 185 10. r O T b e. yKa3. COtl., cTp. 582. O MecTonoJIo>KellHII ynoMHIIyToro B rpaMoTe c. MI、I.mHTIIHa KoHIomcKoro cTalla cM.:IO.r・AJIeKceeB. ArpapHa別HcoUHaJIbHaH IIcTopHH CeBepo-BocTo[IHoiI PycII XVXVI B. nepeHcJIaBcKIIih ye3,nl. M.- J1., 1966, cTp. 143. 186 10. r o T b e. yKa3. cotl., cTp. 583. 187 A3HX, U。 I, Nb 150. 188 10. r o T b e. yKa3. coMI., cTp. 600. 189 A311X, U. 1, Nb 224. 190 10. T o T b e. yKa3. coII., cTI). 556-558. 191 TaM >Ke, cTP、558. 192 TaM IKe, cTP、557. 214
cJIaBHbl l93, BblmeJIec - KIIH3H AHnpefl yrJIHⅡKOrO 194. Bal、JIalleBcKaH BoJIOcTb 6blJIa COcTaBHOカIIacTblo KJIeKoBa cTEI- Ha l95 BoJIocTb CeHer Haxo且HJIaCb B 6aCceiHe P・CeHbrH I96, npaBoro npHToKa KJIFI3bMbl l97・Ha 3anane K HeHnpHMblKa。" 3aMocKoBcKaH o6JIacTb 3arapbe '98, Ha loro-3anane - rycJ1皿al99 (o6e B XV B. BenaJIIIcb nMHTpoBcKHM yneJIbHblM KHFI3eM, a B lyXOBHOii I'IBaHa lll 6blJIH 3aBemaHbl AHJpeIo CTapliUKoMy).C ceBepa BoJIocTb CeHer rpaHIIqIIJIa, no-BPInHMoMy, c BoJIocTblo MapHHHHcKoii cJIo60noii nepecJIaBJIb3aJIeccKoTo ye3na, KoTopafl npencTaBJIHJIa co60ji HacJIencTBo BeJIHKoi KHHrIIHII MapHII HpocJIaBHbl. Por, pacnoJIo- >KeHHbl# B CpeXHeM TeIIeHIIH p.ⅡeKmll, rpaHH[IIIJI c lOPbeBnoJIbcKHM ye3HoM Ha ceBepe 200 II, BepoflTHo, c MapHHIIHcKoii cJIo604oinePecJIaBcKoTo ye3na Ha 3anane. BoJIocTb >KaraJ1oBa (IIJIII )KeraJIoBcKafl) TaK>Ke Haxo皿JIaCb B 6aCceihHe p. neKmII 20'. MecToHoJIo)KeHHe CJIaBUoBa 202, CoHoMoBa, THyHUoBa yrJIa H nOropeJIHnbl HaMH He ycTaHoBJIeHo. yIIHTblBaH BblHBJIeHHblA CoCTaB TePPHTOPHii, oKa3aBmIIXcH o6'beKToM BHHMaIIHH HBaHa lll B >KaJIoBaHHblx rPaM()TaX MHTPOnOJIIIqbeMy nOMy Ha BJIa,meHIIFI B nePeCJIaBJIb3aJIeccKoM, IOpbeB-HoJIbcKoM II BJIamHMIIpcKoM ye3nlax, U MO)KHO KoHCTaTIMPoBaTb nPe>Kne Bcero, IITO BeJIHKPIH KHH3b noITBeP>KIaJI He3bI6JIeMocTb cBoeii BJIacTII B UeHTpaJIbHblx I I a c T fl x 3 T I I x y e 3 n P B , KO H n e H T P l I P o B a B m H x C H B O K P y r C a M I I x roponoB nepecJIaBJIH-3aJIeccKoro, IOpbeBa-noJIbcKoro II BJIa且HMHPa. nO-BHnmMOMy, Heo6xO旦HMO nPIIHHTb B PacIIer poJIb BJIanHMHpa KaK 6blBme# cToJIIIUbl BeJIIIKoro KHH)KecTBa (B THTyJIe rOcynaPeii BceH PycII cJIOBo <<BJIa皿Mepu cKHII> cTOHJIo Ha nePBOM MecTe­ⅡePen CJTOBOM <<MOCKOB- cKH"i 3To nePBonpecToJIbHoe nPOmJIoe BJIa皿MIIPa, OTPa>KeHHOe ll yBeKOBeqeHHoe B BeJIHKoKHH>KecKoM THTyJIe, MOrJIo HBHTbcfI ocHoBaHHeM JJIH Tpe60BaHHH BacHJIIIH npenpcTaBIITb eMy BJIa皿MHPCKyIO 3eMJIIO B KaqecTBe BPeMeHHOii (40 卵 1 1 妬 1 l 卵 岬 蛇 且Ⅱ且r, cTp. 197. TaM ]Ke, cTp. 327. 1 0 . r o T b e . y K a 3 . c “ . , C T P, 5 5 7 . TaM >Ke, cTp. 558. CM. KapTy MocKoBcKoii o6JIacTルI I939 r. E、且.CTameBcKIIFI・yKa3・COII., KaPT&I B KOI皿eKHRI、11. TaM jKe; B. H. n e 6 0 JI b c K II ii. yKaa c()11., BLIn. 11, KapTa B KoHIle K Ⅲ I I r H ʻ 200 10. roTbe・yKa3・coII., cTp. 558. 201 TaM >Ke, cTp. 557. 202 O CJIaBeUKoii BoJIocTlI cM.; 10. r o T b e. yKa3. co[I.! cTp. 558. 215
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6eJIo3ePiC'KHe BOTIIHHbl Ka巾enPbl, nOJIb30BaJIIICb nOJIHblM 'CyXe6HLIM IIMMyHIITGToM Ho rpaMoTe l449 r. KIIFI3FI MHxanJia 4皿peeBm[Ig224,aCeJIO"nOCOBCKOe BeJIO3ePCKOrO ye31a oblJIo ocBOOO)KneHo oT naHII B rPaMOTe Toro >Ke KHH3fl, BblX a H B o i B l 4 7 3 - 1 4 8 6 r r. 2 2 5 TaKHM o6pa30M, >KaJIoBaHHble叩aMoTbr l504 r. MII|TponoJIHIIbeMy JIoMy Ha BJIanellHH, no KpaiHeit Mepe, B IIeTblpex ye3"x (BJIa皿MHpcKoM, nepecJIaBcKoM, IOpbeBcKoM, BeJIO3ePcIKOM) 3aMeHmmr cTaPble rPaMOTbl, comeP>KaBIuIle U IIPe3BblllaHHo mHpoKI'Ie HMMyHHTeTHble npmBIIJIerIIII. B apxHBe MHTponoJIHLIbero IoMa He coxI)aHIwIo'cb TapxaHHblx, JII)roTHblx IIJIII I-IeCy旦HMblx rPaMOT rlPe典ⅡIGCTByl()- mero nepHoノIa }la ceJIa, llepe[IncJIGHHble B rpaMoTax l504 r., OTHOCH皿HxcH K Moc'KoBcKoMy, KoJ1oMeH'CKoMy H BoJIor"cKOMy ye31aM. I/I3Be!cTHa ToJIIJKo 3anoBeXHaH rpaMoTa BacH川畑II OT e3IoKoB Ha ceJIo BHcepoBo KoJIoMeHcKoro ye3" 226. Conep>KaHHe 3Toii rpaMOTbl巾aKTIIIIeCKHⅡoX|TvBeP)KnleHo B OIHoii I'I3 CTaTe曲rpaMoTbl l504 r. Ha To >Ke 'ceJIo. B cTapHIIHblx 'ceJIax MoIcKoBcKoro ye3na HMMyHHTeTHble ⅡPHBHJIerIIII Ka巾enPbl 6blJIH, BO3MO>KIIO,皿叩e Tex, KoToPble 3aKpe|nJIeHbl B rpaMoTe l 504 r. TaK, B I、paMoTe l465 r. KHH3H lOplIH Ba'cIIJIbeBIIrla MIITponoJIIIIlbli 3eMJIM B BoJIocTII Bope MocKoBcKoTo ye31a (He ynoMHHyTbIe B rpaMoTe l504 r.) ocBo60>K4aJIMcb OT Bcex ocHOBllblx IIaJIOroBHⅡomJIIII1, a CyXe6HbliM HMMyHIITeT nPCJIOCTaB,ノI FI,ノIcFI <<onpH[Ib nymery6CTBa> 227. O6'beM IIMMyHIITeTa BoJIorqlcKI1x 'ceJI Hell3BecTeH. B coceJHeji ,c BoJIorXoAⅡBHIICKo# 3eMJIe Ka*enPa nOJIb30BaJ1aCb CyJKGHHblM Cyle6HblM I1MMyHIITeTOM:くonplIIIb nymery6cTBa H po360FI H TaTb6bI c I1oJIHIIHbIM)' (IIo rpaMoTaM HBaHa llI 1467 228 11 1475 229 rr.) . nO>KaqJIOBaIIHeMHTPOnOJIIITyHecy且HMO-3anoBe4HblxrpaMoT B Ma'pTe l504 r. I1MeJIo JBoiicTBeHHoe 3HaIIeHIJe XJIH IIAI- MyHHTeTHOrO CTaTyCa Ka|巾enPbl. C oIHoii cTopoHbl, caM 。aKT nO>KaJIOBaIIIIFI yKPenJIflJI巾eoXaJIbllbliⅡPeICTII>K MIITPOnOJ1I1IIbero XoMa lI noXTBeP>KnaJI He3bl6JIeMOcTb ero BOTIIIIHHblx l 酔 塑 郵 獅 班 麹 TaM TaM T剛M TaM TaM TaM 氷e 水e 氷e 氷e 氷e 兆e 池 碓 地 雌 恥 雌 9 ﹄ ワ ﹄ ﹃ 7j 84且 ワ 1 1 ︽ 戸 j 1 . n P d 1 ︑ n ︿ J 1 0 221
nPaB, a HeCynlIMble II 3anOBeXHble CTaTbII caHKUl,IOHIH'POBaJIII cynle6HO-a八MI'IHH'cTPaTIIBHyIo He3alBIIcIIMOICTb MHTPOnOJII'IIIbHx BJIanteH". C Ipyroii cTopoIIbl, 0[IeBImHo, B oTHomeHIIH 60JIb山ⅡH'cTBa o6beKTOB IIO>KaJIOBaHIIH MO)KHo c:Ka3aTb, IITo rPaMoTbl l504 r. 0巾皿IIaJIbllo Ho八pblBaJIII IOpH皿〔IecKme ocHoBbl lIx npe>KHHx mlipoKHx npHBIIJIerlIii (maBHblM o6pa- 30M Ho"THblx H cyne6Hblx) . H ecJIII cHJTy 9Toro ynapa Ka巾eXPa He nOIIyBcTBO'BaJIa B IToJIHOii MePe, To JIHmb nOToMy, IITo, BepoHTHo, c 80-90-x I、onPB XV B.皿eJI npoIlecc巾aKTIILleCKorO HaPy皿eHHH I1MMyHIITeTa, Oco6ellHO HaJIoroBOrO、 H1、paMoTbl l504 r., noIBoJJI IopH且H[IecKylO IIePTy nO4 3TII|MII ⑪ HapymeHIIHMM, raPallTHPoBaJIII KPynlIemmeM|y nePKOBHoMy IIePa'PXy HeO6XO"IMblii MHHHMyM IIMMyHII|TeTHblx nPaB. B anpeJIe l504 r. Ha[IaJI BblnaBaTb IIMMyHMTe|THble rPaMoTbl KHH3b lOpHi l/IBalloBPI[I Ha 3eM@JIII B IMIITpoBc|KoM 230 HKa皿HHcKoM 231 ye3nax. B Mae l504 r. KHFI3b nMHTp" IIBaHOBHII BblnaJI rPaMOTy Ha 3eMJIII B yrJI'ImKOM ye3J(e 232. OT 1504 r・I-IeT HIIKaKIIx naHHblx o6 ylIpaBJIeHHII IOpIieM Py30ii m 3BeHIIroponpM. MJIa瓜皿IIe cblIIoBbH mBaHa lll CeMeH II AHnpeii He noJIywIJIH cBoIIx yn<eJIoB - nepBblii 40 1509 r., BTOP On一旦o l519 r.233 B 7012 r. pa3'be3nbl 36MeJIb B Be>KeUKoM Bepxe (KoTopl,Iii no nyxoBIIoih 、MBaHa lll npen<0AC3P1, T. I, Nb 652; T. II, Nb 427; Aq)3HX, I1. 1, Nb 88. 3 2 3 1ACSH, T. 1, JYb 653. 2 3 2TaM )Ke, T. 111, Nb 83. 2 3 3 2 Ii. A. roJIy6UoB oTH()cIIT K 1503-1504 rm pa3'be3>Kylo rpaMoTy mM Ho川IBaIIoBa, l)a3'be"Bmero 3eMJIII B AI)ryHoBcKoA BoJIocTII nepecmaBJIb-3aJIeccKoro jie3na <<no rocymapeBe叩aMoTe KHH3fI AII,mpefI I'IBaHoBHqa), (ACSH, T. 111, Nb 469, cTp. 451-452) . K cox<aJIeIIIIIo, H3JIaTeJIb lle yIIeJI JIeTonIICHoG II3BeCTIfe O *aKTIILIeCKoM nOJIy(IeHIM yAeJ1a A皿peeM B l519 m (nCPJI, T. VI, cTp. 262-263) !I yx<e npllBo八IIBmIIecFI B JIIITepaType cBelleIIIM o ero ynpaBJIelIMI ApryHoBcKo& BoJIocTbIo B l514 r., Korna AH八Peil 3aMemaJI B MocKBC BeJmKorO KIIH3FI BacII。ノII'IH, OTcyTcTBOBaBmerO l.Io c、JIy'JalO CMoJIellCKorO nOxoma (C、M, K a lu T a H o B. l<OmlitHble KHIIrII Tpo皿e-Cel)I、]1eBa MOHaCTIJII))I XVI BeKa.­《3anHcKII oTJe&ノ1a PyKomlCeii rocyaaPCTBeHHoii 6II6JIIIoTeKII IIM. B. I'1. JIeHIIHa>", BbIn. 18. M., 1956, cTI)、1l; OH >Ke. I/I3 IICTOp l皿ⅡocJ1enHIIx ymeJIoB, cTp. 293; B. H. K o p e U K II ii・npaBaンI rpaMoTa oT 30 HoFI6pJI l618 Ur. TpoIIUe-Cepl、IIGBy MoIlacTbII)Io.­《3amlcKII OTAeJIa PyKomlCeI1 rocynapcTBeHHoii 6116JIIIoTeKII 11M. B. I/1. JIeHIIHa", Bb1n. 21. M, 1959, cTp. 196-197). IIMeeTcfl yKa3IIM IpaMoTa AHnpeFI I'IBalloBIILIa nM noJIIIBaHoBy oT 9 ceHTFI6pFI l514 r. o I)a3Le3nte 3eMeJIb (rB几Tp. KII. 518, "n. 182-183 06.). no 3'1、oii-To rPaMOTe nM. noJIIIBaHOBblM II 6blJI nPoII3BeneH Pa3be31. CJIeLoBaTeJIbHo, rPaMoTa, ony6JIMKoBaHHafl B AC3H (cmlcoK XVI B. cM: rBJI, Tp. KH. 5 18, JIJ1. 182-183) , 4aTIIpyeTcfl BpeMeHeM nocJIe 9 ceIITH6pfl l514 r. ʼ 2 2
Ha3HaKIaJIcFI CeMeHy) npoBoX"Hcb no rpaMoTaM BeJIHKoro KHfl3FI Ba|cHJIIIFI IIBaHoBIIKIa 234, noJIyqlIBmero 3TOT ye31 B 1502 r. Pa3'be3)KI,Ie Ka'caJIHcb BJIameIIHi TpoHUe-Ceprl"IeBa MoHa'CTblPH, PacnoJ1o)KeHHblX, |nO-BH"IMOMy, B6ml31I 'Ka皿HHcKoro Dv6eンKa 235. STH IOKyMeHTbl MOrJIH noflBIITbcFI MeH〈瓜y ceHTH|6peM 1503 1I aBry,c|ToM l504 r., Ho Koma To'IHo­瓜oImHⅡocJIe cOcTaBJIeHIIH nyxOBHOhHBaHa lll,-'cKa3aTb TPynHo. HcHO oXHo: BacHJIIIit BeJI aKTIIBHyIo 60pb6y 3a o6JIanaHIie yneJIaMH cBoIIx 6paTbeB. B TIIHorpa。cKoii JIeTonIIcI1 110cJIe l{3BeCTIIH O CMePTII HBalIa lll CKa3aHO:《Ⅲ ユa'CTb BeJIH'KOe KIIH>KeHHe cblHoBII 'cBoGMy BacIIJIFIIo, Xa cblIIoBH cBoeMy IOpblo HMIITpoB Ii mlble rpambl, a KHH31o nMHTpelo ymeIIb na IIHble ropoXbI, a cblHa cBoero CeMHoHa Xa AImpeH macTb Ha pyKH 6paTy IIx, BeJIHKoMy KHH3Io Ba'cHJIHIo, H HoBeJIH IIM ZIaTH yn<eJIbl> 236.TaKIIM o6pa30M, B0Ⅱpo'c o6 yneJIax CeMeHa II AHnpeH 6blJI ocTaBJIeH Ha ycMoTpeHHe BacHJIHH. OIHaKo, CynH no nyxoBHOii H HO XOme且皿eMy 'CnHcKy Pa3'be3>Kei rPaMoTbl HBaHa lll AHnpelo Ha CTapImy, BeJIHK" KHH3b, oIIeU BImHO, HaMePeBaJIcH HaneJIHTb Bcex CblHoBeli yneJIaMI,I, H ToJIbKo ynoplloe conpoTHBJIeHIIe BacHJIIIFI npHBeJIo K ToMy KoMnpoMHIcIcHoMy pemeHIIIo, IfoToI)oe npemcTa|BJIeHo B THnOrpa。cKoii JIeToHIMcH KaK nPofIBJIeHIIe elHHomlIIHoi BoJIH HBalla lll. OⅡonblTKax BaCHm呪yKpe'ⅡⅡ|Tb cBOe BJIIIHHHe B MOCKOBCKOM ye34e KOCBellHO CBm瓜eTeJIbCTByeT BblnaIIa BOJIOⅡ- KHM KHH3eM enppoM BoplIcoBIIIIeM B IIIoHe l504 r. >KaJIoBaHHoii rpaMoTbl TpoIIUe-CeprlleBy MoHalcTblplo Ha 3eMJIII B BOxO!Be |CTaHe MOCKOBC|KOrO ye3Xa 237, KOTOpblii, KaK Mbl llOMHHM, eme B MapTe l504 r・BXO瓜HJI B III1CJIO cTaHOB, nOJIb30BaBmHx'cH oco6blM BHIIMaHHeM IIBaHa lll. eIIop BopII'coB1m, OIIeBHIHO, OnaCaflCb 'nPHTH3aHm曲 BaclMIIH, nepenaJI MoHacTblpIo B co6cTBeIIHoIcTb MeJIbHImy li 3eMJIH, HaxOIIIB・ mHecH paHb皿e Ha o6poIIHoM npaBe. CTpeMJIeHIIe BoJIoUKoro KHH3H np61ITbcH pa'cHoIJIo>KeHmH TpoIIUe-CeprmeBa MoHacTblpH HMeHHo B HIoHe l504 r. 6blJIo, Bo3Mo)KHo, cBH3aHo c 234 ACSI,i, T. I, Nb 644, 645. 235 3eMJIII Haxo4M.Jmcb E 6acceiiHe p. OcTpetIIIHbl, nplIToKa Mo.J1orlI (AC3II, T. I, Nb 644) , n B ropoXcKoM cTaHe (TaM )Ke, Nb 645 n cTp. 710 - BI)IcoKoBcKIIハnoIIIIHOK) , 1)acIIOJIOIKeHHoM HO BePxOBb9M MOJIOrlI I1 K IoI、O-BOcToKy oT I<ammlcKOI,o ye3na (10. roTbe yKa3. coII" cTp. 552) . 236 nCPJI, T、24, cTp. 215. 237 ACSH, T. I, Nb 654. 口 223
im3。mO>KGHI'IeM B sTo BPeMFI IIo nPIIKa3y liBaHa lll HoBrOPomcKOTo aPxIIenHcKona reHHamlIFI, B IIbeii enaPxIM HaxoL11JICH BoJIo'KoJIaMcKHii ye34. B I,IIoJIe - HaIIaJIe aBrycTa l 504 r. BHyTpeHHHfl no皿iTIIKa 6blJIa o6pameHa B cTopoHy 3ananHblx ye3npB: Mo)Kaii'cKoTo H Bfl3eMcKoro. B IIIoJIe l504 r. 3aKoHIIHJIcFI npoUe'cc o cHopHblx 3eMJIHx BoJIocTHblx KpecTbfIH II CHMoHoBa MoHac|TblpH B ycom'cKoii BoIJIocTI1 238, norpaIIIIIIHoiI c Py3cKIIM ye3noM 239. BⅡo皿Ⅲ|cHOM C'ynHoM CHIICKe ecTb O6blIIHaH巾Pa3a: 4<I/I oceM cynbfl PeKもCH LOJIO>KIITII TOcynaPH BeJIIIKOrO KHJI3兄》.OnHaKO HMH Bem1KOrO KIIFI3FI B,n<oKyMeHTe oT℃yTCTByeT. 。aKTIIIIeCKII B pOJIII cy4IJII BbIcme曲HHcTaHIMH Bbl'CTynaJI HKoB 3axapbHLI KomKIIII, HBJIHBm砿CH B、O BPeMH oIHIIM II3 HaH60J1ee np}16JIH>KeHHbIx K HBaHy lll JI}皿(OH 6blJI B [IHCJIe f nOcJIyxOB nPH co'cTaBJIeHIHI J nyxOBHoM rPaMOTbl BeJ1IIKoTo KHH3H 240I Cymblii cnHcoK no,nJIIIcaH nbHKoM AJI. 6e306Pa30BblM, HeKorna cJIy>KIIBmlIM BacHJIIIIo. Mbl y>Ke 'BblIcKa3blBa,JIII nPe瓜ⅡoJIo)KeHHe o nplIHanJIe>KHocTH BacHJIIIIo Mo)KaiicKoro ye3na B 1502 r・no Bceii !Be|poHTHocTH, B l 504 r. HBaII III cTpeMIIJIcfI II3'bflTb Mo>KaiicK H3-noX BJIacTII BacHJIIIH, 1JIH KoToporo o6JIanaHIIe 3TIIM paihoHoM o31IaIIaJIo Bo3Mo>KHOCTb KoHTPOJIIIPOBaTb cOceXHIIik py3'CK" ye3n, npeXHa3HaIIeHHblii IOpHIo no ntyxoBIIoiHBaHa II1. 7 aBrycTa l 504 r. HBaH I I I BblnaJI >KaJIoBallHylo rpaMoTy H. n. CaTIIHy Ha CJIIIIIKoBy cJIo604y B BFI3bMe24'. rpaMoTa coxpallllJIa'cb B no3JHeM cnIIcKe - KoHna XVII B. 242 MoTHBHPoBKa IIO>KaJIoBaHIIFI B HOIIIe且meM TeKCTe}IaIIoMH}IaeT Tpa巾a peT巾aノIbluHBoK sTOrO BPeMeHII (<<3a BePHylO CJIy)K6y, 3a nocoJI:cTBo Bo OpXy)') . A. A. 3IIMHH oTMeIIaeT TaK>Ke HenpcToBepHblii xapaKTep inscriptio rpaMoTbl, me H.Ⅱ.CaTHH onpeleJIeH B KaIIecTBe oKoJIbHIIKIero: f<CaTHHbl v)Ke B 238 AC3I/i T. 11, Nb 428. 239 CM. TaM >Ke, cTI). 637. nepeBMI ceJ1a BaTo、ノII|IIcKoro, q)IIryl)Ⅱ「) ylomeI、() B CymHOM cmlCKe, yIIoMliHaloTcFI B Pa3'be3>Keii rPaMoTe l/iBaHa lll IOplIIo cPem nol、PaIIH[IHblx c Py3cKIIM ye3几oM 'rePP'HToPⅢ尚(4'Inr, cTp. 398) . 240 HMJI、, CTp、364. 241 ACSI'1, T. 111, JNb 186. 242 1I. A. roJIy6UoB oTI・IocIIT 6yMary K Ha[IaJ1y XVIII B.(AC3Ii, T、1II, cTp 200) , xoTH Bo"Hoji 3HaK (roJIoBa myTa c ceMbIo 6y6eHUaMII) roBopIIT cKQllee 3a fQ-e ronibl XVII B. (H n. JI II x a q e n. Pa3"ノIHble,『(!,HKu XVI B. Cn6., 1888, cTp. 438-440; A A. 3 I1 M !! H. K II3y[IeHIIIo巾aJIbCII。IIKaUIIII aKTOBbIx MaTePIIa、ToB B PyCCKoM rOCynaPC.rBe XVI-XVII BB.­くTpyabI MrHAH沙、T. 17. M., 1963, cTp. 408; npIIM. 36, cp. Xn, 1, JYb 9). 224
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Hy Ha CeJIaH且epeBHI1 KocTpoMcKoro ye3" 16. Conep>KaHIIe ee coBnanaeT co cTaTbHMII rpaMoT, Bbl,maHHblx B l504 r. BMecTe c TeM cTapble )KaJIoBaHHble rpaMoTbl Ha MHTpono- JIIItIbH BJIaneHIIH KocTpoMcKoro ye3ma 3aKJIIoqaJIH B ce6e Be,cbMa mHpoKHe JIbroThl. TaK, JIHKyp>K,cKHe XepeBHII, ynoMHHyTble B rpaMoTe l506 r., 6blJIH ocBo'60>KneHbl BeJIHKoKH|H>KecKoii rpaMoToii l474 r. oT J(aHII, HMa, nonJBo,nlbl, MblTa, T aMirHH四pyrlIx no皿ⅡⅢ,H 17. B cneUliaJIbHoii rpa'MoTe c nPoIIeToM l464-1473 1T・HBaH III Tpe60BaJI oT MecTIHblx BJIa:cTeii, LITo6bl oHH He HapymaJIIII erO >KaJIOBaHHyIO rPa|MOTy Ha MHTpoinoJIIIIIbe ceJIo KyJIII|KoBcKoe KocTpoMcKoro ye3na (oTMe[IeHIHoe H B rpaMoTe l506 r) . MKa'3HaH rpaMoTa 6blJIa 、 anpe,CoIBaHa He ToJIbKO HaMelcTHIIIKaM II HX TIIyHaM, HO PI U JIBoPcKHM, Bena:BmHM pacKJIanKOH rOCy八aPCTBGIIIHblx HaJIO- rOB 18.3Ha'IHT, >KaJIoIBaHHaH 'rpaMoTa co,mep>KaJIa HapH,my c cyAe6HbIMII HonaTHble nplIBHJIerlIH・ npaBIITeJILcTIBo BacHJIIIH, III HaIcToiiqHBo npoBoIHJIo orpalHII:qeHHe H MoHacTbllp:cKoro IIMMIyHHTeTa. Ha,npIIMep, B 1 507 r. 6blJIa BblnaHa Hecyn|IfMo-BalnoBeXHaH rpaMoTa CHMoHoIBy MoHalcTbl|plo Ha ceJIa Kopo60Bo, JIHT。BH.HoBcKoe II OKyJIoB'cKoe MocKoBIcKoFo ye3Xa l9. noJIHblh ⅡOnaTHOii H Cyne6Ho-aJMIIHIICTPaTHBHblii lIMMyHIITeT CeJI JIHTBIIHOBCKOro H OKyJIoBcKoI、o 6blJI 3aKpenJIeH eme B rpaMoTe BacImHH TeMHoro oT 28 MapTa l447 r. 20 MoHacTbIpb ocBo60狐ユaJIICH B Hei OT ,maHH, FIIMa, MblTa, TaiMrH H Boo6皿e OT BcH,KHx nOmJIIIHH,ⅡeJI. HaMe|cTHH,KII H IIx are.HThl He nPJI)K- HIJI 6blJIH CynHTb MoHacTblPcKIIx KPecTbHH《HII B IIeM>. B3aMeH Bcex JIb'I℃T M'OIIalCTblPb O6H3bl'BaJIIcH K ynJIaTe B BeJIHKoKHFI>KecKylo Ka3Hy Be'cbMa He3HaIIIITeJIbHoTo oi6poKa Ⅱo noJITHHe B ron21. BacIIJIH曲III He no瓜ⅡHcaJI rPaMOTy l447 r. Ha |cIBoe HMH, H oIHa, TaKIIM o6pa30M, noTepHJIa 3IHaIIe,HIIe neiiICTBylOmero lop珊旦HIIecKoro aKTa. HoBafl rpaMoTa 1507 r・ycTaHalBJIIIBaJIa ro'Pa310 60JIee y3KHit KPyr MOHaCTblpcKIIx nplI|BHJIeTIIit. B Hei 6blJI coIBepmeHHo o60"eH Bonpoc o ,noniaTHblx JIbToTax. TeM caMblM HaceJIeH,IIe MoHa:co6 l ・ qI l8 A3HX, [1.1, JYb 262. ︒ヘ TaM >Ke, M 255. rHM, CIIM. KH. 58, Ho MocKBe M 41,皿虹. 188-190. ACSH, T. 11, Nb 349. 勺リ 1 ︽ ⑨ U 坐 ⑥q 凸1 TaM ]Ke・Nb 251. h , STa rPaMOTa cOXPaHIIJIa CBOIO CIIJIy ll IIPH HBaHe lll, KoTOPbTii nOXTBePm'1JI ee neJIIIKoM, 38 HCKJIIoIIeHIIeM BCJIGJI HIiqeM, 0nPOIIb naI・II". 245 cTaTEII O XaHII: <<PymlITH He
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nocJIy>KHTb onopHblM nyHKToM IJIH MyxaMMen-3MIIHa, IITo BbI3bl,BaJIo cepbe,3,Hble oinaceHIM y BacIIJIHH III. MyxaMMeユー 3MIIH BJIaneJI KamH|poih c l497 r., Ho|cJIe H3rHaIH'IIH ero H3 Ka3aHII. B 1498 r・OH BblnaJI OqeHb皿eXPylO TaPxaH,Ho-HecynHMylo rpaMoTy KamlIpcKoMy BeJIonecoUKoMy MoHacThlplo. 3Ta rpaMoTa H onpeneJIHJIa oTHomeHHH Me>Kny MyxaMMeX-3MHHoM II MOHacTbl」PeM, KoTOPblii 6blJI IIOCTaBJIeH, TaKIIM O6Pa30M, B BacCaJIbHylo 3a'BHIcIIMO!CTb OT 6blIBmero Ka- 3a|HIcKoro UapH 25. B l502 r. I/iBa'H III BepHyJI Ka3aHcKHii npe,cToJI MyxaMMem-3MIIHy, Ho B 1505 r.ⅡocJ1elHIIih OTKPblTo BbI'cTynHJI ,n'poTIHB cBoero naTpoHa. BoiiHa npHHHJIa oco6eHHo onacHbliⅡJIFI PyCCKOrO rOcynaPcTBa o60POT B l506 r. BoeBoJLI Ba,cHJIIIH III Bo rJIaiBe c yneJIbHIJIM yrJIIIUKIIM KHH3eM UMHTplleM HBaHoBHqeM >KIIJIKo曲ⅡOTepineJI H noPa>KeHIie oT BO曲cKa MyxaMMen-3MHHa 26. BblnaLIa Bacll̲ JIHeM III >KaJIoIBaHiHoii rPaMOTbl BeJIoinecOUKOMy MoHalcTblpIo B 。eBpaJIe l507 r. cocToHJIacb lB o[IeHE cJIo)KHoi o6cTaHOBKe, KOrna e皿e He 6blJI oKoHIIaTeJIbHo VperVJIHDoBaH KoH*JIHIKT c MyxaMMen-aMHHoM ('neperoBopbl o nepeMIIpHIi HaqaJIHIcb ToJIbKo B MapTe l507 r.)27.3aKDenJIeHI1e 3a Be- ʻ 』 JIHKoKHH)KecKIIM npaBHTeJIDcTBoM KamlIpbl 6blJIo BajKHoM 3anaLIei Ba,cHJIHFI IⅡ.OnHaKo c'p alB,HHTeJIb'Ho c r|p aMoToih MyxaMMan-3MHHa rpaMoTa BaIcIIJIHH III y>Ke HBJIHJIacb 巾oPMOH cOKPaUeHm nPlIBHJIer" MOHacTbl", TaK KaK rpaMoTa MyxaMMeX-3MIIHa 6blJIa Tapxa'HHoii, a rpaMoTa BacHJIIIH III -o6poqHoii・KpoMe ToTo, B nocJIeJHeii oTcyT一 cTBoBaJIo ocBooo>KXeHHe oT HMa lI pHna l l p Vr H x HaJIoroB, KoTopoe IIMeJIocb B rpaMoTe l498 r. noCJIe"oBaTeJIbHO nPOBO且HBmeecH c 90-x roIoB XV B. COIKPalUeHHe nO,XaTHOrO HIMMyHKTeTa BblPa311JIO'Cb KO B OrPaHIIIIeHII,II CTaPblX Ii 'Bblnaule LIPe3BblqaHIHO ひ He TOJIbCKynblX IIOBblX rPaMOT, IIO II B HarIaTOM eme B KoHUe XV B.ⅡⅢCnOBoM onIIcallHPI 3eMeJIb. noKyMeHTbl l506-1507 rE Heo"oKpaTHo Vn o M H H a l o T < H o B o e Ⅱ H C b M O > Pa3JIIIqHblX IIHCUOB: roJIeHIIHa 28, BameHIIHa 29H 且p・nO 3TOMy nHcbMy BOT一 IIHHbl1MHOrHXルI M MVHlICTOB OblJI m 一 O O J I O > Ke I ­ J b l HaJIOra MH- 。 I̅IPHLIeM IvIaBHblii ynap 6blJI IIanPaB鴎melI nPOTIIB MOHaCTi,1P25 ACSH, T・I, M 618. 26 nCPJ], T. XIII, nepBaH noJIoBMHa, cTp. 2-3. 27 TaM )Ke, cTp. 5. 28 B ycTaBHoji rpaMoTe l506 1、. nepec"aBcKIIM pb160JIoBaM ynoMIIHacTcH <<HoBoe mIcbMo> Bac. IiB. ro、mGHIIHa (AA3, T I, JVb 143, cTP. 1 14) . 29 rBJ1, AKTbl Be,IIHeBa,M I/28 (Xn 1, Nb 46). 247
CKHx nPOMblCJIOIB, COnePHHIIaBmHx C TOPrOBO-PeMeCJIeHHbl- MH npe瓜nPIIHTilIHMHⅡo'cancKIIx JIIo4eii. O pe3yJIbTaTax oRM- caHHH B 1492 r. nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKoro ye31a pacoKa3blBaeT onlHa JKaJJOBaHIHaH rpaMoTa l538 r. CHMoHoBy MoHacTblpIo. C l492 r. nepecmaBcKHe coJIHHble BapHHnbl MoHacTblIpH He ToH"IIcb, cToHJIII <<nycTbl> (Xo 1538 r.)30. npH雫 BeneHHb曲ⅡPHMeP XOPOmo xapaKTePII3yeT TO TH>KeJIOe nOJIO>KeHHe, B KOTOPOM oKa3aJIIIcb MoHacTblPCKHe nPoMblCJIbl 6JIaronapH orpaHIILIHTeJIbHo# noJIHTIIKe npaBHTeJIbcTB I'1BaHa lU II BacmJIIIH III. B >KaJIoBaHHoi rpaMoTe l507 r. T|poIme-CepmeBy MoHacTblpIo Ha BoTIIHHbl B raJIHuKoM ye3ne C BaPHIIuⅡpen,nH'Cbl'BaJIO;Cb naBaTb o|6POK く3 rOny Ha rOn no KHIiraM no HoBoMy mI'cbMy ,no BacIIJIbe,By Ba'meHIIHa> 31. B nepBb曲Ⅱep:Hon( IIMMy'HIHTeTHoii noJIIITIIKH BacIIJIIIH III MOHaCTblPlI JIHmb 'B eXHHHIIHbIX cJIyIIaHx HOJIyIIaJIH nPO- MbI'cJIbl B o6poIIHoe nep>KaHHee2. O 6e306poIIHoM >Ke 'noJIb30BaHPIH HoBblMH yro,nbHMH II PeIIII 6blTb He MorJIO. CTeneHb coKpameHIIH nPaBIITeJIbcTBoM BacIIJIHFI I I I巾HHaHcOBblx nPHBHJIerHii MOHaCTblPei BblHCHHeTcJI H3 HeKOToPblx OrPaHH[IHTeJIbHbIx nOⅡⅡHCeii. B anpeJIe l507 r. nbHK BoJInblpb nalocoB nonTBepmIJI rpaMoTy CIIMoHoBy MoHacTblp I o , 《 O n P H I I b H M y, I I M b l Ta , H Ta M r m , Ⅲ Ⅱ y n O B m H H b l , H n o M e p - HOBO,HnHTHa> 33. CJIenp'BaTeJIbHo, oTMeHFIJIocb ocBo60xmeHHe He ToJIbKO OT rJIaBHorO nPHMOrO HaJIOra (HMa) , Ho H OT TaMo>KeHHblx nomJIHH. npaBHTeJIbcTBo pemHTeJIbHo noXPblBa.JIO anMHHIIcTPaTIIBHbli lIMMyHIITeT XyxoBHblx KOPnOPaⅡ城B IIacTII c60pa TaMo>KeHHblx nJIaTe>Kei, cnoco6cTByH U 3 T I I M n a J I b H e l I m e M y Pa3BIITIIIO TOBaPH0-neHe>KHblx OTHOme- H". BnpoIIeM, Bonpoc o JmKBHnanHHTaMO>KeHHblx nPlIBRJIe⑪ rHH cJIeXyeT PacIIJIeHIITb Ha nBa BonpoCa: BO-nePBblx, nePe- meJI JTH B PyKHnPaBHTeJTbCTBa C60P TaMrH H MblTa B nPeneJIax 。eo"JIbHblx ceHbOP"; BO-BTOPblx, KeM CO61IPaJIOCb nHTHo C KPecTbHH HMMyHHTeTHHx BOT[皿H? nePBblii BOnPOC TPynHO BblFICHHTb, HCXOnH TOJIbKO II3 CO- neP>KaHIIH >KaJIoBaHHblx rpaMoT BacHJIHH III KoHUa l505cepe皿Hbl l51 1 rr., H60 B HIIx I-IeT巾HHaHcoBblx cTaTei. 叩 30M. I/1・CMI,IpHoB・CoJIb nepeCJIaBcKaH.一《Tpyntbl BJIa瓜HMIipCKOH U u yqeHoii al)xHBHoii KoMHccIIII>, KH. XVII. BJIamMMHp, 1917, npHJI. 12, ご cTp. 68. 31 rBJI, AKTb] BeJIFIGBa, Nb l/28 32 <<C60pHIIK HoBroponcKoro o6mecTBa mo6IITeJIeii叩eBHocTIイ》, BHn. 1. HoBropoⅡ↑1908, cTI). 85. 83 AC314, T. II, JW 364, cTI)、359. 248
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Tb1. nePBafl 60{mbmafl CePHFI J1broTHbIx rPaMOT IIORBlIʻⅢacb B l 522 r., nocJIe pa30pHTeJIbHoro TaTapcKoTo Ha6era l521 r. EIUe B q)eBpane l522 m ceJIa CI1MoHoBa MoHacTblpfl )KJIaHcKoe, Kop()60Bo H mp. B MocKoBcKoM ye3八e 6blJIII Ha 5 JIeT 〆 CCBODO)KIGHbl OT naIII'1, FIMCKIIx neHer, nOBOI)OTI-IOrO, HaMeCT- IIHLIbero, BOJIOcTeJ1HHa, THyHOBa KOPMoB II oT no60POB noBOLIIHKOB II nl)aBe叫IPIKoB. JIbroTa MOTMB}lpoBaJIacb Pa30PeHHeM MOHaCTblI)CKIJx BOTIIHILTaTaPaMI{ (HMeJICH B B皿V 響 Ha6er MyxaMMen-DIPeFI, cOBePmeHHblA B KoHIle IIIOJIH 1521 r) 112 B caMoM HaqaJIe l522 E JIbroTHble rpaMoTb1 noJIy[IwIII HeKoTopble cBeTcKlie (PeonaJIbl MocKoBcKoro H Ko.IIOMeHCKOrO ye340B, nOUBeprmllXCH Ha6ery ll3. Bblme y>Ke lla3blBaJIacb JIbroTHafl rl)aMoTa l523 r. noKI)()BCKOMy yr・ノIIIIIKOMy MOIIaCTIJIPIO, OTMellflBmafl II(1 TI)II IOJla ynJIaTy llaMeCTHIIIIbHX KOI)MOB, nPo'1.OPOB H I)a3MeTOB. B ToM )Ke l523 r・BeJIHKoMy KHFI3Io 6HJI IIe.JIoM Cnaco-EB。MMbeB MOHaCTblPb, nPOC月及aTb JIbrOTy, TaK KaK<XOT刊T V Cnaca B MoHacTblpe cTaBHTIi nepKoBb TemlyIo KaMeHHy>". MoHa(、Tblpb noJIyKIIIJI Ha 3 rQma ocBo60)KIIeHHe oT nonaゴ Teii l14. 3aMeTHoii Bexoii B IIcTopIM BHyTpel・IHehnoJIIfTHKM Bacl,I川畑III 6blJIII co6blTHH l525 r.- UepKoBHblカco6oP, ocy4MB山HiM BJ1皿e MaKcHMa rpeKa npoTIIBHMKoB IIocH。JIHH IIecTFI>KaTejleii, Onana 60RPcKorOH八eoJIOra BepceHfI BeKJIGMM山eBa, pa3Bo4 BeJIPIKoro KHFI3FI c CoJIoMoHHeii Ca6ypoBoiノ1.3TH Mepl)I 3HaMelloBaJIm pe3Koe o60cTPeHIIe npoTHBopeIIH力Me>K­ 4y Bacw1meM III II yneJIbHoii oⅡnO31皿lleil. He yユHBHTem bl-IO, [ITO IIMeHHO B 3TO BPeMH HeCKOJ1bKO yCIIJIHJICH COIo3 nPaBHTeJIbCTBa C BJ1HmeJIbHblMM 八yXOBHblAIH KOPnOPaUliflMH. B 1525-1527 rr. MHoI、I'le MOHaCTblPlI nO。myLlllJIH >KaJIOBaIII-lble, nPeHMyLIleCTBGHHO JIbrOTHble rPaMOTbl. B l525 r. naHEJIoBy nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIGccKoMy MoHacTblPlO 6blJIa BbinaHa HeCy瓜ⅢManⅡO6eJIbHafl rl)aMOTa, OCBO60>K"aBmaH Ha TPH rona MOHaCTblPCKOe CeJIblIO By40BCKOe CTapoe oT ynJIaTbl HaJIoroB Ho o6Uei pacK@mamKe c '1,fImblMM JIIo4bMI1 115. B 1526 r. ToT )Ke MoHacTblI)b no61IJIcfI BbInlaLIH eMy JI̲broTHoii rpaMoTbl lla nepeBHIo By40BcKoe HoBoe. MoHacTbTPcKIIMKI)ecTbHHaMpa3pe皿aJIOCbilenJIaTIITbnaHb, ''2 rHM, CIIM. KH. 58, Ho MocKBe JYh 72, JIJ1. 264 06.­265. ''3 KAKTIJI IOmKoBa>', Nb 1 14-1 16. 114 UrAHA, 。. Cnaco-EB*11MbeBa M-", KH. 1, ,n. 416. 115B. r. no6poHpaBoB. HcTopHFI Tpo皿KQrq ̲JaHHJToBa hipHaCTblpH. CeprlieB nocam, 1908, npPIJI., cTp. 16-17, JVb 1. 269
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Ho KaK 6bl HH 6blJIMI cepbe3Hbl MoTIIBbl oTcTynJIeHH兜BaCIIJIIIFl l l l oT CTI)orO orPaHIIKIHTeJIbHOrO KyPca IIMMyHMTeT1I0曲ⅡOJIIITIIKH MBaHa lII, 。aKT oCTaeTcH qjaKTOM: nPaBHTeLIIbcTBo OKa3aJIOcb He B cOCToFIHHm ⅡOCJIenOBaTeJI bHO IIPOBO八HTb aToT orpal-IH[IIITeJIbHblih Kypc. nepBblitmar K oTcTymlellHIo 6bIJI cJeJIall caMIIM MBaHoM III, Bo3po且ⅡBmHM cMcTeMy yneJIoB. HoBble y,瓜eJIbHble KHFI3bH cPa3y jKe B3RJII{ l-Ia BOoPy>KeHIIe nPaKTHKy CTaPblx 60JIee HJIII MeHee UenPblx MMMyHIITeTI-II,IX nO>KaJIOBaI-IHh.BTFIHyTblii B o>KecToIIGHIIyIo 60pb6y c HIIMH, nocTeneHHo cTaJI I)acmH"Tb IIMMyllliTeTIIblG I11)HBWIerIIH KI)ynHbⅨ巾eoJaJIoB II BacIMJIMih. CTI)aHa 6blJIa 〆 3KOHOMIIIIeCKI'I H HO"ilMTIIIIeCKI,I He llO4rOTOBJIella UeMy OrPaHIIIIGHHIO H yHIId)IIKaUIIII IIMMyHHTeTa 一 KO BCeOO-
F〃a8a V C y 4 b B b l 。 E O 4 A J I b H O r O I I M M y H I I T E TA B HEPIIO4 PErEHTCTBA EJIEHbl r八ⅢH CKO K * npaBHTeJIbcTBo EJIeHbl r川IIIcKOii nPllmJ1O K BJIacTH B BecbMa cJIo>KHoii noJIMTH[IecKoii o6cTaIIoBKe. no八もeM coUliaJIbHOi 60pb6bl, KOToPblM OTMeqeH KOHeU KHH>KeHIIH BaCIIJIHH III, 11 060CTPeHIIe OTHomeHIIji c yXeJIbHblMII KHH3b- flMIIIOPIIeMIIA皿peeMXeJIaJIHnOJIO>KeillleHoBorOnPaBHTeJIbCTBa mOBOJIbl-IO 皿aTKHM. Tpe60BaJIHcb 3HeprHⅢHble Mepbl X。ノIFI erO ynPOIIeHHFI. HHKaKIIe McTo[IHIIKH, KpoMe >KaJIoBallHblx H yKa3Hblx rpaMOT, He CnocO6Hbl O6PHcoBaTb BCe MHOroO6Pa3He nPIIe- MOB BHyTPellHe曲nOJIHTH KHnpaBHTeJIbcTBa EJIeHbl rJIIIHcKOii oT yTBeP>KnteIIIIH ero y KoPMIIJIa rocynaPcTBeHHOii BJIa- cTM Io cMepTII pereHTmlI. n. n. CMIIpHoB npIIBJIeK HecKoJIbKO )KaJIOBaHHbⅨ叩aMoT TPol皿e-Cel)rmeBy MoHacTblpIo l534 r. c UeJIIJIo HoKa3aTb PocT 6eJIoMec'rHoro 3eMJIeBJIaJleHMFI B rOPO"X ' (Te3IIC CaM HO Ce6e nPBOJIbHO COMIIIITeJIbHbI曲ⅡpHMeHHTeJIbHo K 3ToMy BI)eMeHII). H. E. HocoB H3BJ1e- KaJI H3 rpaMoT 1534-1538 rr. cBeneHIIH o ropoppBIJIx npHKa3IIHKax2. OLHaKo 3TliMIi pa60TaMII noLITII He BcKpblTa llMMyHIITeTHaFI nOJ1I*iTI,II<a PerellTmHnO JIeTOnllCHbIM (II TOJIbKO IIaCTHIIHO aKTOBbIM) HcTOIIHIMKaM XaPaKTePH3ylOTcFI B JIHTepaType Hal,I60JIee flpKHe co6blTHH BpeMeHII pereHTcTBa EJIeHbl-ⅡoHMKa KHFI3H IOp皿 瓜MIITPOBCKOrO 3, @IIHKB皿aⅡ” IⅡ. n. CMHpIIoB・nOcamcKIIe JIlonm m mx K"accoBag 60pb6a nlo cepenHHbl XVII B., T. 1. M., 1947, cTp. 104 II cnel. 2 H. E, H o c o B. OIIepKH no HcTopMI MecTHoro ynpaBJIeHHH PyccKoro rQCynapcTBa nepBoii noJJoBHHLI XVI BeKa. M.- JI., 1957, cTp. 81-84, .126Ⅲ且p、 3 C. B. B e c e JI o BcK II ii. nocJIelHI"Ie ynieJIbl Ha PycII.­《Ⅲ|CTOPIIIIecKPIe 3anlI'cKI,I>, KH̲ 22;くOIIepKH IIcTop'III CCCP),. nepHo旦巾eo“、3Mfl. KoHen XV-IIa[IaJIo XVII B.M・, 1955, cTp、269-296. 275 18*
MHTe>Ka 4HXpeH CTaplmKoro 4, !IHTeHcIIBHoe rp"ocTpomTeJTbCTBO 5. 3anaIIa ITocJIGjpBaTeJIIJIIoro BblflcHcHI畑np ollcxo>K,ⅡeHIIH >KaJIoBallHblx H yKa311blx rpaMoT EJIeHbl rJIHHcKoA B cBH3II U 《 J c BHyTPeHIIeHno@/IHTIIKOH ee nPaBHTeJIbCTBa OCTaeTCH B I1C- ToPHOrP a巾皿且o CHx nOP He pemeHHoii 6. 1.TeppIITopIIaJkbHoe pacnPeJeJIeHIIe MOcHoBHBIe 3aga項ⅢnePBImx >KaJLoBaHHLIX rPaMOT IIp aBMTe入BCTBa EXeHLI r入HHCKO h ( 2HBaPb-中eBpajib l534 r.) Ha BpeMfl pereHTcTBa EJIeHbl rJIIIIIcKoii ( 1 534 - HaqaJIo 1538 rr.) npHxo皿TcFI 74 co6cTBelIHo BeJIHKoKI-IH)KecKHe HMMyHRTeTHble rpaMoTbl, II3 HIIx 65 >KaJIoBallHblx, 9 yKa3Hblx. I<POMe TOrO, JBe rPaMOTbl 6blJIH BblnaHbl OT IIMeHHHBaHa lV BeJIHKoKHH)KecKIIMH nHcUaMI1. n oIITHnOJIoBIIHa BCex >KaqJIoBaHHblx rpaMOT nePIIo瓜と npaBJIeHIIfl EJIGHbl rJIIIHcKoi (35 HoMepoB) oTHocIITcfl K IIPe3Bbl[IaiHo y3KoMy oTPe3Ky BPeMeHIイーHHBaPlo II 。eBPaJI Io l 534 m yKa3Hble HMMyHIITeTHble rpaMoTbl oT 3TIIx IByx MeCH ueB 八o Hac He nomm'1. 06'beKTbl no>KaJIoBaHIIH, IIa- 3BaIIHble B rPaMOTaX, IIaxO皿JTHCb B ye34aX nMIITPOBCKOM (20 aKToB) 7, Py3cI<oM (ceMb) 8, Ka皿IIIIcKoM (11HTb) 9, 3BeHIIroponcKoM (4Ba) '0, BoJIoUKoM I! 3y6UoBcKoM (o皿H), yrJI皿KOM, Be>KeIIKOM n HPOCJIaBcKOM (O皿H), nomexoH- CKOM (O且mH) , BoJIoroncKoM (oIIIH) , MocKoBcKoM (IBa) , BJIa皿MIIPCKOM (O皿H) , IOpbeB-noJIbcKoM (o"IH) , Cy3"JIbCKOM M KOCTPOMCKOM (O皿'H) . rJIaBIIafl Macca >KaJIoBaHHblx rpaMoT (21 113 35), BblnaHHblx B HHBaPe-巾eBpaJIe l534 r., KacaJIacb ye3XoB, 4 H. IJ. C MM p H oB. MHTe>K AHnpeH CTaPl皿Koro 1537 r.­《HcToplIIIecKIIe 3ainH'CIKII>', I<H. 50. 5H・E HocoB. yKa3・co'1., cTp. 74. 6 0 BHyrpeHHeii rIoJIHTMKe nepliona pereHTcTBa cM: H. H. C M H p H o B. O'IepKHnOJIHTIIIIeCKOii l"IcTOP皿I PyccKoro rocynapcTBa 30-50-x ronoB XVI BeKa M- JI., 1958, cTp. 19-74; A A. 3 II M H H. Ped)opMIコI IiBaHa rpo3Horo. M., 1960, cTp. 222-248. 7 yLITeHbl l5 I、paMOT, l、1e ynoM刃ⅢyTbI TO、TbKO JMIITPOBCKIIe 3eM,JIII, I1 5 aK'I、OB, B KOTOPblX几MIITPOBCKIIe Tel)I)IITOPIIII (1)IIryPllPyIOT BMeCTe 'C |KamlIHcKIIMH, 1)y3cKIIMII II 3BeHHrOPOAcKHMII B Pa31・Iblx KOM6III・IamlflX. WlicKmoIIIITeJlbHOlly3CKmxrPaMOT-IleTblPe. 9 1ICKmOIIIITeJIbHO I(aml・IHCKIIX rPaMOT­且Be・ 10 HCK.MIOIIHTeJIbHO 3BeHIfrOPO,UCKHx rPaMOT­QⅡHa, 276
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MeHT Ha6JIIOAaJTCH B reOrl)a巾H[lecKoM PacnPelleJ1eHIM )Ka- JIoBaHHblx rPaMoT 。eBpaJIH I534 r. Ho HaH60J1ee fIpKo BBIHCHHIOTCH nO KonMHHoH KIIHre叩eTGH3HII AHnpefl CTapHUKOrO (xOTH M He BCe) : B OT4eJ1e CTaPl皿KMx IOKyMeHTOB, HaPfmy CO CTaPIIILKO-BePelICKHMH aKTaMH, nOMe皿eHbl MaTeU U U 7 U PmaJIbI,OTHOCHmHecFI K3aMocKoBcKoh BoJIocTH Kop3eHeBy H roPeToBcKoMy cTaHy (IIMeloTcH, B [laCTHOCTH, Pa3.be3>KHe 』 15181529 rr. Ha 3eMJIII ceJ1a Haxa6IIHa) 29. U B HamIcaHHoM o4HoBpeMeHHo c KHIIToli nepeIIHe HenonlTBeP>KneHHblx rPaMoT To>Ke yneJIGHo MHoI、o MeCTa aKTaM HaTePPHTOPIM,HBJIHB皿I'1eCHO6'beKTOMBO3MO>KHblXIOMOraTeJIbcTB KHH3H AH叩efl, B ToM IIMcJIG Ha BoJIbcKylo BoJIOcTb nOmeXOIICKOTO Ve3na30. rPyIInlIPOBKa BCeX 3TIIx MaTePmaJIOB yDJIBHTeJ1bIIO IIanOMI冊IaeT KaPTIIHy, CO3nalOmylO- cH̅ nPli 」 l13WeHIIII (beBpaJIbcKIIx )KaJ1oBaHHblx rpaMoT 1534 E B HTore cpaBHHTeJIbHoro IIccImeXoBal冊IFI aKToBblx, JIeTOnlIcHblx HcToIIH}IKoB I'I TpOI,lUKoII KOⅡⅡⅢI-IOII KIIHTII BH八HO, IITO KaK KonHHHaH KHMI、a, TaK H >KaqJIOBal・IHble rPaMOTbI Haqa,IIaj U U U U J U 1534 r. npecJIeXoBaJIIi UeJIb lleHTPaJIII3auHHyneJTbHOKHH>KeCKIIX nDHTH3aHIm H CKHXⅡDHTR3aHHH H CenaPaTH3Ma CenaPaTI13Ma BJ1HHTeJIbHblX BJIHHTeJIbHblX KHH>KaT・ KHH>KaT. Co血ajlbHbliCOCTaBil)aMOTql1KOBBHHBaPe-巾eBpaJIe 1534 r. 6blJI o4Hopon,GH: >KaJIoBaHHble rpaMoTbl nPllo6PeJIH KpynHeihmHe pyccKMe MoHacTblpll. no KoJIHIlecTBy noJIyIIGHロ ユ ー Hblx HMMVHIITeTHblx aKToB Ha nepBoM MecTe cToFIT MoHa- cTblPII Tpo皿e-CeprmeB (18) 31 II HocII巾o-BoJIoKoJIa McKIm (ceMb)32;3aHI1MIIcJIenyloTBoJIoroncK砿①ePanoHToB(Kle、 Tblpe)33, KIIpmJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKH仇("a)34,MocKoBcKIIiiCIIMoHoB(o皿il)35,CaBBo-CTopo>KeBcKmih(o皿H)36,y皿皿一 KH曲 nOKPOBCKIIii (O皿H) 37, BoJIoroIcKIIii rJIym皿K皿 U 。 (o皿H) 38. 29C・M. 1< a m T a H o B. KonHiiHble KHIIrH TpoHUe-CeprlleBa MoHacTblpH XVI BeKa.­<3amlcKII oTneJla l)yKonliceit rocynapcTBeHHOk 6jl6JIHoTeKII CCCP HM. B. If. JIeHIIHa>, Bbln. 18.M., 1956, cTp、16-18. 30 TaM >Ke, cTp. 13, npHM. 54. 31 Xn, I,恥302, 317-333. 32 A3MX, U. 11, Nh !130-136. 33 Arp, T. I, Nb 421 PI'1B, T、32, JYb l29-130; JIOHII, Ko"".1 15, M 444, n. 11-11 06. 34 rnB, ' Q - IV - 1 136, ILI 732-733; TaM別〈e, Co6P Cn6. ZI/A, Nb A I/17, "907 06. 35 mB, Co6p. aKToB M rpaMoT, Nb l=!" 36 JIOHI,I, Cb6p. aKToB no l613 r., Nb |1/93. 37くHPocJIAgcKIie ry6epHcKHe BemMocT", 1855, qacTb HeoqJIiUmambHafI, Nb 48, cTp. 435-436. 38 UrAnA,TKS IIo Bo"orne, Nb lO/258 1 . 283
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CJIenoBaTeJIbHo,BTeqeHIIeBceropaccMoTpeHHorooTpe3Ka BPeMeHII >KaJIOBaHIIblM rPaMOTaM OTBOJMJIaCb OTBeT- cTBeHIIaH poJIb B Mo6IIJII13aUllM cHJI BJIHHTeJIbHblx qJeo4aJIoB Ha no只只eP)KKy nPaBHTeJIbcTBeHIIoA60pb6bl npoTHB y八eJIbHOKH月>KecKoro II KHmKecKo-60HpcKoro cenapaTII3Ma. BMeC1.e c TeM, yKPenJIHH OTHomeHIIH rOCHO4cTBaⅢⅡO4'IHHeHHfI B *eOnaJIbllO曲旦ePeBHe, JKaJIoBaHHble rPaMOTbl 6blJIH oPy八HHMII rJIV60Ko KJIaccoBo曲ⅡoJIHTHKH. - B o6JIacTH cyne6HoTo HMMyHHTeTa pyccKoe npaBHTeJIb・ cTBo B MapTe l534 - HaIIaJIe l538 r. cTporo npoIoJI>KaJIo JIIIHHIo HoJIHTHKII BacIIJIHH III. H3 10pHcJIHKUHII IIMMyHHCToB HcKJIIoIIaJIIICb, KaK nPaBHJIO, 4Be KaTerOPHHⅡpecTyn- qIIeHHi: nymery6cTBo H pa360i c noJIHIIHb1M. Cpe八H Hecy瓜Ⅱ- Mblx rPaMOT sTorO nePHo,n$a TpoIme-CeprHeBy MoHacTblplo TOJIbKO B aKTe Ha ceJIa B nPHCOe且HHeHHoM BepeiicKoM ye34e MoHacTblPcKaH IOPHC八HKUHH CaHKUHOHIIPOBaJIaCb,《onpH[lb oJIHoro ,nymery6cTBa>>. rpaMoTbl l534-1538 rr. CHMoHoBy MOHacTblPIo O6blIIHO TaK>Ke OrpaHIIIIHBaJIH I1MMyHHTeT H3'b,ITHeM H3 C。epbl Be八eHIiH BOTIIHHHOrO cy皿只ByX rpynⅡ瓜eJI. ⅡpHKIeM B rpaMoTe l536 r., oTHocFIUeiicfl K py3cKHM ceJIaM MoHacTblpH, 'HKcaU" cyIKeHHoro o6LeMa cyne6Hblx noJIHoMOIIHih BblCTynaeT KaK O巾皿HaJIbHoe OrPaHHIIelIHe cTaPOll I、paMoTbl l502 r., nepenaBaBmeit B pyKH HaMecTHIIKoB JIII皿b Jejlao八y皿ery6cTBe l96. B rpaMoTe CHMoHoBy MoHacTblplo 1535 r. Ha KocTpoMcKIie li raJII皿KHe BaPHImbl H ce,JIa cynle6Hble nPaBa MoHacTblPH coKPamaJIIICb e皿e cHJIbHee: y HerO 6blJIo oTHHTo npaBo cynaHnO BOnPOCaM TaTb6bI C HOJIHLIIIblM. 3Ta Oco6eHllaH cKynoCTb c"e6Hblx nPHBIIJIerHhonpe八eJIHJIaCb MecTOHaxO>KPleHHeM O6EeKTOB Ho)KaJIoBaHHH coJIHraJIHⅡKIIx nPOMblCJIOB-nO coCeJIcTBy C nPoMblcJIaMII U nocancKI1x JIIo八eⅢ. Ⅲ3'bHTHe H3 10CTI皿HH MOHaCTblPeil Pa360Pa TIDK6 nO ,mByM KaTerOPHHM nPecTynJIeHHii 6blJIo B nePHo且nP aB、meHI'IH EJIeHbl rJIHIIcKO曲o6mHM nPaBHJIoM. HCKJIIOqeHHe cOCTaBJIHeT ToJIbKo MocIIqJo-BoJIoKoJIaMcK" MoHacTblph, KoTopbl曲 o6Lma4aJI BCe曲nOJI IIOTO曲cy八e6HOA BJIacTII, <<OnPHIIb ny皿e- ご 〆 r V D c T B a > . XaPaKTePHOii uePTOii 。HHaHCOBOii nO皿THKH nePHo八a pereHTCTBa 6blJIO nPIIHy丞且eHHe HaceJIeHHH BJIanleH" cBeTcKIIx H 4yXoBHblx MoHacTLIpH beO"JIOB K BoJIoro八cKoii enapxlIH ymlaTe rJIaBHblX rOcy"P1683 rona.­《H3BeCTwI ApxGolJIorImecKoro o6皿ecTBa", T. V. Cn6., 1865, cTp、282) . I96 ACam, T・I1, Nb 426. 322 11MH
cTBeHHblx IIonaTei lI BbmoJIHeHHIo ocHoBHblx HaTVpaJIbHblx IIoBIIHHocTeii. I'I3 yKa3Hoit rpaMoTbl l537 r. o pacnpe,meJIeHHHnOnaTeii Me>KIy noMeCTbFIMII ,mByx cBeTCKHx巾eoXaU JIOB CJIenyeT, qTO C HOMeCTHH nJIaTIIJIHCb naHb, HMCKHe ,UeHbrll H npHMeT. AnpeJIbcKHe rpaMoTbl l 534 r. TpoHueCeprHeBy MoHacTblpIo Ha BoTqmHbl B nepec,maBJIb-3aJIecCKOM, Be>KeUKOM H POCTOBCKOM ye34aX 197 6bMH COCTaBJIel-IbI IIo 。OPMyJIHPy *eBPaJIbcKHX rPaMoT TOMy )Ke MOHacTblPlO Ha IOPbeBcIKHe, cy3naJIbCKHe, KOCTPoMCKHe, BJIaXHMIIPCKHe, nomexoHcKIie H MocKoBcKHe 3eMJIII. 3HalIHT, no rpaMoTaM EJIeHbI rJIHHcKoii KpecTbHHe TpoHUe-CeprHeBa MoHacTbIpH B 9 ye3nax coBep皿eHHo o。H皿aJIbHO nPlIHy>KntaJIHCb K Bbl' U noJIHeHHIO Tpex OCHOBHblx HoBIIHHOCTelI: HMa, roPOXOBorO 瓜eJIa lI HocomHoii cJIy]K6bl. ropompBaH noBHHHocTb npH EJIeHe rJIIIHcKo曲npHo6peJI a oCo60e 3HaqeHHe B CBfI3H C 60JIbmoii cePHeii Pa60T Ho CTPOIITeJIbCTBy rOPOXCKHx yKPenJIelI嘘旦JIH 60pb6bl c TaTa- paMHHJIHTBoii 198. K HoCTpoiiKe B MocKBe KHTaii-roPOna B Mae l535 r. 6blJIH npHBJIeIIeHLI Bce JIIo八H f<6e3 Bbl6OPa>: KHH)KecKHe, 60HpcKHe H MHTponoJIIIqbH l99. Pe3yJIbTaTbl BKJIIoIIeHHH B )KaJIOBaHHble rPaMoTbl naParPaba, npHHy>KmaBmero K BblHoJIHeHHIO rOPOnPBOrO XeJIa, MO]KHO nPOcJIe- 瓜ⅢTb no yKa3HblM rpaMoTaM. TpH yKa3Hble rpaMoTbl l535 200, 1536 201 H 1537 202 rr. conep)KaT cBeneI-IIIH o ToM, qTo KpecTbHHe TpoIIIle-CeprHeBa MoIIacTblpH HcHoJIHfIJIH roponpBoe nleJIo B nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKoM H PocToBcKoM ye3nax. rPaMoTa l537 r. cBHXeTeJIbcTByeT TaK>Ke o6 0T6blBaHIIH ropo- IoBoii noBIIHHocTH MHTpoHoJIIIIIbIIMH KpecTbHHaMII KapamcKoi BOJIOCTH POcToBcKOro ye34a. nPHIIeM KPecTbHHe HMMyHIIcToB IeJIaJIH rOPOAOBoe neJIo《oCO6Ho>> oT HenpHBIIJIe- rmpoBaHHblx THrJIenoB. OIHaKo B 叩e3BblIIaiiHbIX CJIyIIaHX 97 Xn, I, Nb 337-339. 1 98 1 r. 3. KyHne B H II. IIcTop" o Ka3alIcKoM napcTBe lIJIII Ka3aHcKHii JIeTonHceU. Cn6., 1905, cTp. 309, 603; M. H T II x o M II |p o B. MaJIo、H3BecTHbleJIeTonHcHbIe naMHTHIIKH XVI B., cTp、90; oH )Ke. 3amIcKH o pereHTcTBe EJIeHbI TJIHHcKoii II 60HpcKoM npa.BJIeHHH 1533-1547 rr., cTp. 284; A、A. 3 H MH H. CocTaB py'ccKHx roponloB XVI B.­<H,CTOpHLIBoKHe 3anHcKH)', T. 52, cTp. 336-346; o H )K e. Pe*opMb[…, cTp. 235-240; H E. H o c o B. yKa3. co[1., cTp、74; H. I/I. CMIIpH o B. OIfepKII.., cTp. 47-50. HCPJI, T. XI'11, nepBaRⅡoJIoBIIHa, cTp. 82. UrAnA, r,KS no nepec0JIaBJIIo-3aJIeccKoMy, Nb 96/8820. AA3, T. I, M 182. ATH, ,Bbln. II, Nb 9. ユ 199 2 ” 201 202 323 21
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HalTPHMeP HMa, TaK KaK B rPaMOTe nePecJIaBCKHM COKOJIb- HHKaMBcTaTbeonpoTopaxIIpa3MeTax cKa3aHo:くonpHIIb HMy II rOPOnPBarO neJ1a,HnocomHble cJIv>K6bl>' 204. B vKaJ 3aHHbIx menPbIX MOHaCTblPcKHX rPaMoTax; 3a HcKJIIOIIeliHeM BOJIOKOJIaMCKOrO aKTa, nPaBO He MIcHOJIHHTb OCHOBHble Ha- TypaJIpHble noBHHHocTIi - roPonoBoe XeJIo H nocomHVIO CJIyX6y-TO>KeOTCyTCTBOBaJfo. 噂 H3yqeHHblerpaMOTbll534-1537rr.no3Bo,ノIHIOT3aKJIIOIIHTb,IITO,COXPaHRH glir.2̲gTO, COXPaHHHBKaKOji-TO B KaKOH-TO MePe BePHOCTb BePHOCTb OrPaHHIIHOrPaHIIIIIIIWWm""HnaM, n"BHTeJIbCjpo EJIeHbI rJIHHcKO# npo4Q""9 ̲HatlaToe npH BacIIJIHH III oTcTynJIeHme oT cTp6ro U OrPaHIJIIIITeJIbHOrO KyPCa IIMMyHIITeTHoHⅡOJIHTHKII. 3TOMV cnoco6cTBoBaJIonpmCoe"HeHiienocJIenHmxy"oBT ̅ M ⅡO瓜及eP)KIIBaJIHCb TPanHⅡHH 60JIee mIIPoKoro nOnaTHOrO WMyHIITeTa"̲、MOHacTbIPei, HMMyHHTeTa MOHacTbIPeH,KIeM qeMHa Ha ocHoBHO# ocHoBHOHTePPPITOPHHrOTePPPITOPHmrOU cynaPCTBa・BynyIIIIHeBcocToHHIIIIcpa3ynp6610JIET"fII Tp anHⅡHH, neHTPaJIbHOe nPaBIITeJIbCTBO y3aKOHIIJIo HX B BblXaHHblx MoHacTblPHM rpaMoTax. 204AC3H,T.111,JWb26,cTp.47,cT.3
l司鬼a8(z VI E O4A1b HbIⅢHMMyHHTET B rOabl BOHPCKOrO nPABAEHmJI * CoⅡHaJIbHo-9KOHoMIIqecKaH O6cTaHoBKa neplloma 60HPcKOrO nPaBJIelllIFI, PaBIIO KaK H BHyTPellHfIHnOJIHTHKa 3TOrO ʻ BpeMeHii,BJIIITepaTyPem3yuleHaHenocTaTo[IHQB3HaqIITEJIbHoii Mepe 3To o6'LFIcHfleTcH TeM、ITo IIJIfI xapaKTeplIcU い THKmnOJIHTHqeCKOII IICTOPlIⅡⅡaHHOrO OTPe3Ka BPeMeHII IICnoJIb30BaJIcFI nPeHMy皿ecTBeHHO JIeTonHcHblH MaTePHaJI. ⑪ nO JIeTOmlcFIM B oCHOBHOM HanmcaHbl IIHTePeCHble HCcJ1enP- BaHHRH. II. CMIIpHoBa, PHcylomHe cJIO>KHble neplmeTHII noJIIITIIqecKoi 60p66bI B WccKoM rocynapcTBe30-40-x roXoB XVI B. ' Ha foii >Ke IIcToIIHHKoBemecKoii 6a3e cTPoIITcH U H3JIo>KeHHe co6blTIIii BpeMeHII 60HPcKoro npaBJIeHIIFI B U cTaTbe H. C. JIypbe, noMellleHHoih B <<O[IepKax IIcTopIIH U CCCP> 2. nonblTKH nPlIBJTeIIb aKToBylO IoKyMeHTalWo ZWI nOKa3a oTneJIbHblx CTOPoII BHyTPeHHeHnoJIIITIIKII 30-40-x ToIoB XVI B. B HameHHcTOPlIOrP a巾HH IIMeJIII MecTO. BOJIbmafl 38cJIVTaB3ToMneJIenpHHaXJIe>KHTn・nCMHpHoBy,KoToPbIiiECBOeihOneH¥en0J10>KeH"6eJIOMeCTHOrO3eMJIeBjl4" ⑤ U HIIHBnePHOn60HPcKOroCaMoBJTaCT"̲HCXO瓜HJIH3aHaJIII3a >KaJIoBaHiIbIXrpaMoT30-40-xroXoBTpoIme-CeprmeByMoU HacTblpIo II pmy npyrHx nyxOBHLIx Jfopnopall" Ha lIx cJIoユ 60"rH ropMcKI1e nBopbl 3. H・E. HocoB npHBJIeK MHoro[IHcJIeHHble aKTbI nJIH II3yIKeHIIFI MecTHorO annaPaTa BJIacTII l II. H. C M 四H p H o B. I<JIacIcoBaH 60pb6a B MocKoBcKoM rocyntapcTBe B nePBoii noJIoBIJHe XVI B.­《npo6JIeMbI IIcTopIII1 IoKamITaJImpTIIqecKIIx 06illecT", 1935, Nb 9-10; o h >K e. Oqep"̲ noJIIITMq99Koii̲IIcT"" pyCcKororocyノIap|cTBa30-』50-xronoBXVIBeKa.M・­J1.,1958, cT,p. 76-136. 2<OqepKIIHcTopHHCCCP2.nfpmo瓜巾eonaJIH3Ma.KoHeUXV-HarlaJIo XVII.B. M., 1955, cTp. lll2-1116. 3n. n.C M w p H'o |B: nocan'cKIIe JIIonII H ZX KJIapcoBaH 60pb6a nio cepeⅡmIIbI XVII B, T. 1. M.- J1., 1947, cTp. 104-109. 327
E nepBoii noJIoBHIIe .XVI B. 4 B pa3Hblx acneKTax HcnoJTB3ywoTCH oTneJIbHbre aKTbT 30-40-x ronoB B Pa60Te A. A. 3If- MHIJa 5.Tpy"MII n. n CMHpHoBa, H E H6coBa H A A. 3HMIIHa no cymeCTBy lICIIePnblBaeTcH cITHcoK Pa60T, rne >KaJYoBaHHble H yKa3Hble rPaMoTbl PaccMaTPHBaIoTCH KaK ⑪ IIcTO'IHHK ITO HcTOPHII BHyTPeHHeii nOJIHTHKII 60HPCKHX 曇 OnHaKo H Ha3BaHHble aBTopbI He pemaIoT Bce npo6JTeMbl, n P a B H Te J I b C T B . cBFI3aHHBIe C II3yqeHHeM nPOIICXO泳瓦eHIIH H COXeP>KaHIIFI >KaJIoBaHHblx rpaMoT 30-40-x ronioB XVI B. n. n. CMIIpHoB KaK HCTOPHK PycCKIIX rOPOmOB, eCTeCTBeHHO, orPaHIIWHJIcH L U aKTaMH Ha roPoIcKHe BJTaneHIIR MoHacTblPeii, T、e. MeHbmeit "CWIq̲ BbmaHHbIX B 3TO BPeMH >KaJIOBaHHblx rPaMOT. H E HocoB, He 3aHHMaHcb iIccJIeXoBaHIIeM >KaJIojaHHbIx rPaMOT B UeJTOM,.PaCcMaTPHBaJT B IIHx Te cTaTbH, KOTOPble xaP aKTePH3ylOT巾yHKmm rOPOnOBblx nPlIKa3IIHKOB. U HHTePeCHOHHⅡocIIxnOPHeHCCJIe,mOBaHHOiioCo6eHU U HOcTbTo nePHOna 60HPcKOi PeaKnHHHBHJIOCB BOnaPeHIIe ee cPa3y BcJIeX 3a yHHIITO>KeHmeM nocJYe皿ero 6OJ,ee̅,mII Me- Hee KpynHoro yneJIa Ha pycH -- CTaplmKoro。 OqeBImHo, JTHKBHⅡalIHFI alMFI yneJIoB y旦eJ10B B KaKoii-TO B KaKoII-TO CTeneHII CTeⅡeHH O 6 'b eO6'beKTmBHO KT II B H O CrJYa瓜HJIa ocT1〕OTy BOnPoCa O TOM,KTO”nPeⅡcTaBHTeJIeH 哩 u *eo"JIbIIoii 3HaTH 6yneT Henocpen(cTBeHIIo bT6HTb V KoPMIIJIa rocynaPcTBeHHo# BJIaCTH. STHM B KOHetlHOM cfleTe .II U o6EHC"eTCHTaCPaBHIITeJIBHaHJIerKOCTb,cKOTOPO#Me"U JIHcb 60"cKIIe nPaBJITeJIEcTBa B 1538-1548 rf. BMecTe C TeM, nOCJIe JIIIKBHnaUmf yneJIoB 3anaqa noXaBJTeHHH KJIaC- coBo#60pb6blmHpoKHxMaccTpyXoBoroHaceJTeHIIHnpHo6peJI4.eme60JIeeoTweTJIPIBblixaPaKTep,qeMnpe>KXe. ⑤ yHIIIITo>KeHIIe yneJToB II cB"aHHaiT c・3THM XaJIbHeHmaH U neHTPaJIH3anHH rOCynaPCTBeHHOi BJIaCTH COneiCTBOBaJIH yC"eHIIIO。eOnaJIbHOrOTHeTa,pOCTy"HcKaJIBHOrO6PeMeHH H pacmHpe"Io MacmTa6a cynie6Ho-anMHHIIcTpaTHBHEIx nPeCJIenOBaH" nPoTIIB HaPymlITeJIe# d)eonaJIbHoro nPaBonOpHIKa・He cJIyqaiHo HMeHHo 60Hp6KIIe npaBIITeJ16cTBa HaqaJIH ocymecTBJTHTb c 1 539 r. ry6Hylo pe巾OPMy, 3aZy⑪ MaHHylO, BO3MO>KHO, HGCKOJIbKO paHee 6. 4 H E. H o c o B. OqepKII no HcToPHII MecTHoro VnPa,BJIeHIIH rocy,Ⅱal)cTBa nel]Bofi no"oBIIHI,I XVI B M- JI; i957, 6Tp 178 H叩. 5A.A,3HMmH、pe4〕opMI〕I HBaHarpo3Horo.M,1960. 6 H.E・H o 'c o B. yKa3. coq., cTp. 289=327. 328 炉 PvccKoI、o 126. 165,
BnpoqeM, H B sToT nepHoX He3aBepmeHHocTb nponecca CO3naHHH neHTPaJIII30BaHHOrO rOCymaPcTBa OCTaBaJIaCb Xa¥ paKTepHo# IIepToii pa3BIITIIH PoccHII. BoT noIIeMy peaJIbHoi oKa3aJIacb B 1538-1548 rr. Bo3Mo>KHocTb yBeJIIIIIeHHFI HM- MyHHTeTa PH,na nyXOBHblx KoPnOPan戒,Bqbe竹ⅡOユユep>KKe Hy)KniaJIHCb 6oHPcKHe rPynnmPOBKII, HeyBePeHHO IIyBCTBO- BaBmIIe ce6H y pyJIFI rocynapcTBeIIHoii MamlIHH. BpeMH 60flpCKoro npaBJIeH" npeXcTaBJIFIeT co60ii nePHOn CaMOhHHTeHCHBHOii BblnaIIH rPaMOT c I'IMMyHIITeTHbl- MHnPlIBIIJIerIIHMIIBnePBOhⅡoJIoBHHeXVIB.3a3ToTcpaBHIITejlbHoHe60JIbmOiiXPOHOJIOrHIIeCKHiOTPe30K(11JIeT) BeJIHKoKHfl>KeCKOe npaBHTeJTbCTBO COCTaBHJIO, no HamHM poIcIIeTaM, 222 >KaJIoBaHHble H 56 yKa3Hblx rpaMoT. 1.BHyTpeHHHHno入晒TⅨKa B anPeJke-oKTH6pe l538 r. BpeMH c anpeJIFI no 22 oKTH6pH 1538 r. flBHJIocb nepHoXoM, Korna KHH3bfl myiicKHe, 3axBaTHBmHe BJIacTb B cTpa- He, BblHy)KneHbl 6blJIH XeJIHTb ee B KaKo#-To Mepac K"3eM H.O. BeJIbcKHM, 6JIH3KIIM K MHTpoHoJIIITy naH"ny. He- nPOqHOCTb noJIO)KeHIIH 60HPcKIIx BPeMeHIIIHKOB 3afTaBJIHJIa IIx HanPmKellHO HcKaTb cOIo3HIIKOB cPenH KPynHeHmlIX Xy- xoBHblx 。eonaJIoB OT sToro nepIIona HaM H3BecTHo 18 1IMMyHIITeTHblx rPaMoT: 14>KaJIOBaHHblX ( 1 2 1yXOBHblM 。eO"JIaM H IBe CBeTcKHM) H 4 yKa3Hblx (oIHa lI3 >KaJIOBaHHblx rPaMOT He COXPaHHJIaCb).yJKe B nePBLIe MeC皿bI npaBJIeH" mvicKHx H BeJILcKoro Ha6JIIonaeTcH c6JIIDKeHHe npa- BIITeJIbcTBa c TpoIme-CeprHeBblM MoHacTblpeM. IiryMeHa Tpo皿e-CeprmeBa MoHacTblpH Hoacaba myiicKIIe HaMeIIaJIH KaH瓜Ⅲ瓜aToM B MIITPonoJIIITbI. CoIo3 c TpoHHKHM MoHacTblPeM BblPa3HJICFI KaK B 3eMeJIbHblx, TaK HB HMMyHII- TeTHhlX no)KaJIoBaHHHx MoHaCTblPlo. ByKBaJIbHo IIepe3 neHb nocJIe cMepTH EJIeHIjl rJIIIHcKoii (3 anpeJIH) , 5 anpeJIH 1538 r. npaBHTeJIbcTBo pacnopH"JIocb oTnaTb TpoIIne-CeprHeBy MoHacTblplo BoTIIHHy onHoro H3 cBeTCKIIx q)eo"JIOB nMHTPoBcKOrO ye3", KOTOPyIO nPaBHTeJIbcTBo EJIeHbl TJIIIHcKohnPenmlcaJIo <<HaBenaTII> Ha BeJIHKoro KHH3H 7. qepe3 MecHn, 6 MaH, ToIIHo TaKoe >Ke VKa3aHIIe 6blJIo cneJIaHo oTHoCHTeJILHo KoH"cKoBaHHoro ゴ 7 rBJI, Tp. KH. 521, J1. 129 06 329
y KI-IH3FI MHxalIJIa r,ⅡHHcKoro ceJIblla 3BFTrmHa MocKoB- cKoro ye3na 8. B IIIoHe l538 r. CnaccKIIi HpocJIaBcKIIii MoHacTblpb noJIyrI" oTo6paHHble y Hero npH EJIeHe rJIIIHcKoii nePeBHHHIJOIWHKH9nPa"TeJIbCTBOmTaJIOCb3aPyrIIITbCFI WW¥" OfMoHoB9, Tpo皿e-CePrmeBa, KPIpHJIJIo-Be. JIO3ePCKOrO MOHaCTblPen. y>Ke c MaH I538 r・npaBHTeJIbcTBo myiicKHx cTaJIo BbIgaBaTb >KaJIoBaHHble H yKa3Hble HMMyHHTeTHble rpaMoTbl B rpaMoTax, nQJIyqelIHLIx Tpome-CepfmeBbIM MoHAcTbIpeM B MaS - ceHTH6pe l538 r., 3aKpemTeiibl TJIaBHblM o6pagoM CyneOHbIe li 3anOBenHble nPIIBHJIermI. H3 rPaMOT HCHO, qTO B yKa3aHHb[筒nPOMe>KyToK BPeMeHIf KpecTbFIHeTpoHIIe-CeprmeBaMo11acTblpiInplmy>KmajlHcbK BblnOJIHeHHIO nByx OcHoBHblx HaTypaJIbHblx IIOBPIHHocTe曲一 rOPoXOBOrO neJIaHnoCOmHOii cJIy>K6bl, a TaK>Ke 60JIee MeJT- KHXnOBIJHIIOCTe# lo.npaBHTeJIbCTBOnOmJIOHayCTynKy MoIIacTblPloB oTHOmeHIIPI ymlaTbl HMcKHx neHer II npHMeTa: MecTHblM c60PmPIKaM 3anPemaJIocb B3IIMaTb aTII iloXaTII, MoHacTblPCKIIe BJIaCTH且OJI>KHLI 6bmlI nPHCblJIaTb <<C…CBoHx MOHacTblPcKHx CeJI H 3 nePeBeHb HMCKIIe XeHbr肌 HnpIIMeT, II BblTIIHe neHbrH... Ha MocKBV K Hamei Ka3He caMH》11. TflKnQcTyJIHnmcOCTaPmHHbIMI!ceJIaMIIKyMraHOBbIMH MeXHoi HoBoTop>KcKorO ye3na HelI3BecTHo, pacnPocTpaHHⅡCfl JIH yKa3aHHb耐Ⅱo"XOK C6OPa HMcKIIx meHer H nPHMeTa na BCIO MoHaCTblPCKylO BOTIIIIHy. nO KPaiHei MePe, 3TO nPaBIIJIO KaCaJIOCb II HOBonpH6blJIbHblx ceJI, Ha KOToPHe HMeJTHCb TOJIbKO HeCyXIIMble m 3anOBenHbTe maMOTbl I2. C ceJI, He ocBo60>KneHHblx o巾皿HaJIbHo oT HaMecTH顕bero HOcOmHoro KOpMa, nocJIenHHii B3IHMaJTcFI HenocPeXcTBeHHo caMIJMH HaMecTHHKaMH IJ IIx areHTaMII B ­vKa3Hoi rpaMoTe ユ MypoMcKQMy HaMecTHIIKy KHFI3Io m H. 0XoeBcKoMy 3anpe- maJIOCb 6PaTb KOPM (、TPOImKOrO ceJIbUa qeranaeBa nOTOMy, [ITO erOくTaTaPOBH Ka3aHCKIIe BbDKrJIIT H BblBOeBaJIH)> 13. 8 rBJI, Tn. KH. 528, Nb 263, nJI. 368 06.- 369. 9H. A・B a x p a M̲e e B. PIcTopmecKIIe aKTbl Hpo|cJTaBcKoro CnaccKoro MollaCTbl", T. 1. M., 1896, Nb X. IoC・LU y l[ a K o B TBepcKme aKTbl, Bbm. 1 . TBepb, 1896, M IV, cTp. 22-23. II TaM )Ke. '2 CM. yKa3Hylo rpaMoTy o6 ymlaTe fYMcKIIx JeHer Kpe!cTEFYHaMIT XMHTl)oBCKI"Ix meJT I<ymmOBa II no皿oPTKoBa (TBJI, TP.. KII. 527, Nb 260) . HeCyJIIJMaH rpaMoTa wa !IIIx 6bma BblAaHa l7 K1am 1538 1、. (rI"M, OnH, yBap. KapT66/20, oT且.I,Nb 4). 13 11rAJA, rKa no MypoMy, Nb 4/7736. 330
C JIeTa l538 r. eme 60JIbmHM BHHMaHHeM, qeM TpoIm- KIIi,HaIIaJIHoJIb30BaTbcHBnpaBHTeJIbcTBeHHbIxKpyraxCHMoHoB MoHacTEIpb. B HIoHe - aBrycTe l538 r. OH HoJIyIIIIJI TpII)KaJIOBaHHbierPaMOTEI,II3KQTOPblXOXHa (rPaMOTaHa nePecJIaBCKHeCOJIflHbleBaPH皿bl) nOKa3blBaeTCTPeMJIeHIIe nPaBHTeJTbcTBa niaTb MoHacTblPlo Pm CymegrBeHHbIx npHBIIJIer城.C 1492 r. nepecJIaBcKIIe BapHHmbl CIIMOHQBa MoIIa- CTbIPfIHeTOⅡHJIHcb,cTO月JIH<<nycTbl)'.rpaMoTal538r.IIMeU JIa lieJIbIo coneiicTBoBaTb pa3BIITHIo coJIeBapeH" CIIMoHoBa U MOHacTblPfI: B Heik yCTaHaBJIHBaJIaCb onPeXeJTeHHafI CyMMa O6POKa C BaPHHⅡ, HO CaMa ynJIaTa erO OTCPOIIHBaJIaCb nP 1542 r. 14 HapFIny c TPoHⅡKHMH CHMoHoBblMMoHacTblpHMIIB HIoIIe - IIIoJIe l538 r. npaBIITeJIbcTBo nocHemHJIO BblnaTb >KaJIoBaHHble rPaMOTbl H HeKOTOPblM nPyrIIM nyxOBHblM KOP- nop aⅡHRM, Ha nO江,Ⅱep>KKy KoTopblx oHo MorJIo paccIKTW- "E BblJia Bbl"Iia ilecWMafI rpaMoTa OJIII3KoMy K my#cKHM Cnaco-EB巾IIMbeB7 MoHacTblpIo " Ero cy3naJILEKIie BoT可HHbl Haxo"JIIIcb io coceXcTBy c BJIaneHIIHMII myiicKIIx. 28 1IIoHH 1538 r. npaBHTeJIbcTBo nonTBepnHJIo He noX- nHcaHHvIo 響 Ha BeJIIIKoKHH>KecKoe HMH B 1 534 r. HecyXHMyIo H 3an6bemylo rpaMoTy l506 n Cy3XaJIbcKoMy HIIKoJIbcKoMymaPToMckoMy̅MoHacTBIpIo '6,Bo3Mo)KHo,WaaH. HoMvt mvicKIIMII. B KoHne HIoHH - HaIIaJIe moJTFI 1538 E ー ゴ 6blJIiI nMTBep>KneHbl "e rpaMoTLI ̲BacIM",III BeJmKo- ycTIo)KcItOMy" cd6opy( 1 507 17 II1 5 1 6 rr. !8) ,'"c"oBgB- mIIe ero |cVie6HbIe TI 3anoBeX'Hble npIIBIIJIer"。 PaioH Be⑥ JIIIKoro y6TIora eme B nepBoii qeTBepTH XVI B HBJIFIJIcH cBoeo6pa3HbIM noJIyyneJIoMBeJIHKoHKHHrHHHHynpaBJI列J1cBoeo6pa3HbIMⅡoJIyyⅡeJIoM BeJIHKoii KHfITHHII H ynpaBJIHJIS 四 CH BeJIIIKOKHH>KeCKHM HaMeCTHHKOM H THyHOM BeJIIIKOII kHfIrIIHII nO Bceii BePofITHOcTII, TaKOe noJIO>KeHme yCTIora coxpaHMJIocb II npH EJIeHe rJIIIHcKoi. He ylIIBIITeJIbHo IQZ 妙 3ToMy, qTo myicKHe nocnemHJIH 3alfpenHTb cyBepeHIITeT ⑤ U nPaBIITeJIbCTBa Han 3TOII TepPHToPHeII. 一二 Tpy" BJIaZIHMIIpcKom 14M.H・CMHpHoB、CoJIbnepecⅡaBcKaH.­くTpy瓜bl BJIa瓜HMIIpcKoH yqeHoiiapxIIBiIoiiKOMIIcIcII",KH.XVII.BJIa瓜ⅢMHp, 1917, npHn. 12, ⑰ ⑪ bTP. 68; cp. Xn, I, Nb 381. 15 Xn, 1, JYb 370. '6 Xn, I, Nb 35. 17mBdJIdronlcKIIery6epH"cKHeBenoMocTI",1851,qacTbHeo"UmaJIbHaH, JYb 28, cTp. 325-326. 18H.P'yM・oBcKIIii.OnHicaHHeBeJIHKo-McTIo]KcKoroycneHnKoroco60pa. Bo.JIorna, 1862, cTp. 66-67. 331
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5. 1/I3MeHeHWI B HMMyHIITeTHOii nO八HTHKe B 1544-nepBoii noJIoBIIHe l546 rr. nocJIe nepeBopoTa,npoBeneHHoro 29 nleKa6pHl 543r., K BJIacTH nPH皿J1o 60HPcKoe nPaBHTeJIbcTBO, BO3rハa'BJIHBmee- cHBopoHUoBHMII・BopoHnPBblnpHHa4JIe>KaJIHKcTaPoMy MoPKoBcKoMy 60FIpcTBy, oHH Bo3BblcHJIHcb npH BacIIJIHH III m69mmerocnonBII>KHMKaMH OLHIIMH3BaikHbIxMeponpH- HTIIH sTQrO npaBIITeJIbcTBa HBHJIacb opraHH3aUHH BecHoh­ JIeToM1544r.nHCnOBOroOHIICaHIIH,KOTOPOeoxBaTIIJIOMHOrHe Xe34bl pyccKoro rocynapcTBa H 3aTHHyJIocb no l545 r. !32 II3COXPaHHBmHXCHOT3TOrOOⅡHCaHIIHcoTHHⅡMO>KHo 3aKJIIOIIHTb, IITO nieHTeJIbHOCTb nHCnOB |HMeJIa neJIbIO, Bo BCHKOM CJIyrlae, He 3aKPenJIeHIIe nonaTHblx nPlIBHJIerm曲 IIMMyHHcToB. OnHcblBafl B 1544 r. Cy3XaJIb, BeJIHKoKHH>KecKHe nHcUbl nPHⅡHcgJIH K Hocany cJIo60,my Cnaco-EB。IIMb- eBa MOHaCTblPfl 133. BblJIa OIIHCaHa nJIH O6JIOIKeIIHH IIffJIOra- MH glo601Ka TBepcKoro OTpoKIa MoHacTblpH 134. HapjmycnonblTKo力nyTeMnHCUOBO向nepenIIcHnocTau 2IITb nOI cBoH KOHTPOJIb MOHaCTblPCKOe 3eMJIeBJIaneHHe, BopoHUoBbl,nonp6Ho npaBIITeJIbcTBaM npenmecTBylo皿ero nePlIOma, nPaKTIIKOBaJIIi Pa3"Lly B MoHaCTblPH BOTIIIIH, KoH。IIcKoBa"bIx y HX IIoJIHTIIIIecKHx npoTIIBHHKbB. BcKope Hoc,meKa3HIIAHnpeH皿yitcKorocIIeJIo6IITbeMKBeJIHKoMy KHH31006paTHJIcHHacToHTeJIbCnaco-EB"MbeBaMoHacTblZ pH, npOClIBmHkBepHyTb eMy c. neTpoBcKoe, npontaHHoe MoHacTblpeM KHH310 AHnpeIo 3a 900 py6JIe曲. npaBIITeJIbcTBo MnPBJIeTBopliJIo npocb6y [leJ1o6IITq"a, onHaKo npm aToM OblJI|Ii yIITeHbI 'II|HTePeCbl rOcynaPeBOii Ka3Hbl, B KOToPyIO MoHacTbIpb o6H3bIBaJIcH BHecTH 600 py6JIeit, T. e、2/3 CyMMbl, ymIaqeHHoii AHIpeeM myiMcKIIM 3a kynJIeHHoe ceJIo ]35. TaKHM o6pa30M, npaBHTeJIbcTBo He oTnaJIo, KaK 3To 4eJIaJIH 皿yiicKHe, a baKTIIIIeCKH nPO"JIO Ha JIbrOTHbIX yCJIOBHHX 132 C・nl y Ma KQ B. CoTHmUbI, rpaMoTb[ H 3anImcm, Bbln. 1. M., 1902, ,crl]. 51-74, 1"-137;n.M H JI Io K o B. CnopHbIe Bonpocbl巾HHaHco- Boii IIQTQp" MocKoBcKoro rocynlapcTBa. Cn6., 1892, cTp. 162; <IITe- "H OHnP>, 1896, KH. 2, oT且.《MaTePHaJIbl HCToI)HIIeCKIIe>, CTP、4­ ̲ 6; AL P y 6 U o B. K MaTepma:maM IJIFI ne1)KoBHoii H 6bIToBoii . HcT, pJIILTBepcKoro KpaJI B XV-XVI BB. CTapHma, 1905, cTp、17-21; n.n・C M H p H o B. yKa3. coII., T. I, cTp、106; A3HX, u. 11, Nb 178, 179. " n n. C M M p H o B. yKa3. coq、, TI, cTp. 106. '34くIITeH"̲ OWIP>, 1896, KH. 2, oTX. <MaTepHaJIbl HcT|opHIIecKIIe:', cTp. 4-6. 135 nPn, Bbln、1V, cTp. 107. 352
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TpynHo ,HaATH nplIMepbl llo)KaJIoBaHHH B l544-1545 rr. nO八06HblX nPHBIIJIerHA八pyrIIM MoHacTblpflM. OcBo60)KnleHIle OT HMCKliX八eHer BoTIIHH BblIIero4cKoro Cnaco-npeo6pa>KeHcKoro MoHacTblpfI Ha l). Coihre B l545/46 r.140 011peneJIH" ,IIOCb, BePOHTHo TeM, IITO rPaMOTa 6blJIa nlaHa Ha 皿1KIIii JIec - coBePmellllo HeoCBOeHHylO 3eMJIIo. BpH4 JIH oLIel-Ib u menPOH MO]KHO Ha3BaTb JIbrOTHylo rPaMOTy, BblJaHHylO B Mae l545 r. CIIMo|HoBy MoHacTblpIo Ha pa30peHHble TaTapaMH cOJIJIIIble BaPH皿IIJI H ceJIa. CPoK ocBo6o)K八eHHH oT ocHOBHblx nPHMblX HaJIOToB, yKa3aHHblii B Heii, 6blJI KPaiiHe KOPOTKIIM BCerO rO,瓜141. Heo6xoJJIMocTb ynJIaTbl c MoHacTblPCKHx BOTLIMH rJIaBHblx HO3eMeJIDHblx nOnaTeii qeTKO KoHcTaTIipyeTcJI B rpaMoTe l 545 r. AHToHbeBy CMicKoMy MoIIaCTblpIO Ha nePeBHM H CJIO60八KmB nBIIHCKOM ye34e: 《A naHb MoIo." II HMcKlle nleHrli li llocomHVIo 軍cJIV2K6v一H xJIe6ソ qT 一 HoH OOPOK... AaloT HO KHIIraM H no MOIIM )KaJIoBaJIHblM rPaMOTaM> 142. HcKJIIoIIHTeJIbHblii HHTePeC nPeXcTaBJIHeT >Ka、JIOBaHHaH rpaMoTa, nocJIaHHaH B MapTe l545 r. IiryMeHy HocII。o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro MoHacTblpH. B Heii coJ(ep>KIITcH npHMoe cBHneTeJIbcTBO o Pe3yJIbTaTax ⅡmcUoBoro omicaHIIfl l544 r. IiryMell B cBOeM IIeJIO6HTbe yKa3bIBaJI, IITO <<C TeX,八e'H, 11X ceJI II 3 4epeBeHb (HMeIoTCH B B皿y BoTIIHHDI BoJIoUKoro, KJIHHcKoro II P>KeBcKoro ye3npB- C. K) no c o皿HOMV II H C b M y HaPmKalOT nOCOmllblX JIIOJleii B rOPOnlbl B yKPaliHHble, II xJIe6a MoJIOTIITII II BeCTI1, II JIeCy BO311TH H H3BecTII Ha MocKByBecTH,HaBcHKHeneJIbl皿o瓜e曲CCOXHaPH>KaTH>,143. BoBcexnpe瓜皿ecTBylo皿IIX)KaJ1OBalIHbIXrPaMOTaXMOCI4q)O BoJIoKoJIaMcKoMy MoHacTblPIo Ha BJIaneHIIH B BoJIouIKoM, TBepcKoM, KJIHIIcKoM M P>KeBcKoM ye3nax 3aKJIIo[IeHbl KaK pa3 06paT、Hble nocTaHoBJIeHHH, cTaBHBmHe BoJIoKoJIaMcK" MOHaCTblPb B COBep皿eHHo oco60e noJIO>KeHIie nO cPaBHeHIIIO C lpymMmHMMyHI'ICTaMH l44. CJIe40BaTeJIbHo, HcHoJIHeHHe U HaTyPaJIbHblx HoBIIHHocTelI B nOGJIb3y rOCynaPCTBa - HoBOCTb 140 Url,IA, (P. 834, on 2, Nb 1923, "". 65-67 06 UrAnA, rKa no ra几HLIy, Nh 26/3356. B 1544 r. ocBo6o]K'UeHlie ol、 nomaTeii Ha JIBa ro,ma l]oJIy[IH.FI MocKoBcKHii HoBocnaccKMii Molla,cTblpb BcJIelcTBIIe Toro, IITo ero ceJIa li cJIo60,nKa <onycTeJM oT I)aT・ IIblX JIIOmeii ll OT IOpOrⅡ沙(rljJI, Py.MRHU. KH. 52, JIJI. 52-53 06.l 2 "C6op,HIIK rpaMo・r Ko、Ⅲ"rlemM 3KOHOMIIII>, T. l. rlr・, 1922, J,(b 109. 1 4 1 3 4 A3HX, [1. 11, Nb 184. 4 4 CM.) HanpIIMep, rpaMoTbl l539 11 1543 rr. (A311X, 11. 11, JYb 149, 171). 141 354
B BoTIIIIIIax BoMoKoJIaMcKoI、o MOHacTblPFI, KoToPafl MoMa HMeTb MecTo ToJIbKo Hoc@me onlIcaHIIH 1544 r. 145 rpaMoTa l545 r. He noKa3blBaeT, B311Ma@JIHcb JIPI c MGHa・ cTblPCKIIx 3eMeJIb JIMcKIIe neHbrli li nPyrUe nJI9Te)KII, noT9: MyqTooHao6pameHanpoTIIB3JIoynoTpe6JIeHIIiiroponoBbIx nPHKa3qliKOB146,|HeBenaBmPIx,CyJHnO'cT叩blM>KaJIOBaHHblM rpaMoTaM, c60poM XeHe>KHblx nJIaTex<eli̲c ceJIm且epe- BeHb l'IocH巾o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro MoHacTblpfl. CaMa rpaMoTa l545 r. He oTMe|HflJIa nopHXoK, cJIo>KHBm"cFI B pe3yJIbTaTe nHCUOBOI、o omlcaHHfl l544 1、. OHa ToJIbKo ITpennIIcbIBaJIa TOI)OjPBblM nPHKa3IIMKaM nPllHy>KnaTb MOHaCTblI)CKIIX。 KI)e cTbHH K IIcIIOJIHeHIIIo rOcynaPCTBeHHblx noBIMHHOcTePI, He HrHOPHPyH MOHacTblPCKHe BJIacTII, a nleiCTByfI ulepe3 11Hx. Ha ocHoBaHIIII sToii rpaMoTbl Mo)KHo cneJIaTb BblBon, IITo oⅡHCaHlie, nPe且ⅡpliHFIToe npaBHTeJIbcTBoM BopoHnpBblx, nPHBe,JIOKJIHKBHユauHHCymeCTBelIHe曲皿HXMOHacTblPcKIIX npHBwIemil.rpaMoTal544r・PH3aHcKoMyCoJIoTLIIIHcKoMy MOHaCTbIPIOCBH瓜eTeJIbCTByeTOHeO6XO瓜HMOCTHynJIaTblnOXaTeih c <<>KHBymerO> 147 OLIGHb noKa3aTeJIbHbl HeKoTopble pacnopH>KeHHH npaBI1TeJIbcTBa oTHOcIITeJILI-Io oT6blBaHKH MoHacTblPcKHMH KpecTb- flHaMH flMcKoi lloBHHHocTH. B HocblJIbHoi rpaMoTe 。eBpaJIFI l545 r. 6eJIo3epcKHM roponpBblM npllKa3LIIIKaM, HanplIMep, 3anpemaJIocb llapH>KaTb KpecTbflH KIIpmJIJIo-BeJIo3ePcKoro MOHacTblPH Ha 6eJIO3ePCKHih HM, TaK KaK, corJIacHO UCJIO- 6ルITblo III:yMeHa, IIx o6fl3aHHocTb - cToHTb Ha npyroM, Bop6030BcKoM fIMy. BnpoIIeM, |He BHoJIHe 40BepHH IIGJIo6IITTIIIKy, cocTaBIITeJIb rPaMoTbl TyT >Ke oroBopliJIcH: <<A 6ynleT K叩ⅢJIOBa MOHaCTblPfl xPeCTbFIHOM BeJ1GIIO nO rPaMOTeⅢⅡo yKa- 3y l'a O6eHx flMex C nO八BonaMII cToFITI'I, II KI'lpllJIoBa 6bl MOHacTblPH ceJI xPecTbJIHe Ha O6eMx HMex c IIoLBoXaMH CToHJIII Ho IrpaMoTe n no yKa3y> '48. AHaJIorHIIHaFI rpaMoTa, ToJIbKo 6e3 1IocJIemleik oroBoPKII, 6bma noCJIaHa B MaPTe 1545 r. HM皿皿〈aM FIpocJIaBcKoro BoKmepcKoro FIMa HacIIeT ・45 EcTb coTHaH I、paMoTa l544 r. IIa BoJIoUKHe ceJIaH瓜el)GBII:M MOHa'C'l、L〕IpH (A3,MX,u、II,JYb l79). '66 3JIoynoT・pe6JIGHMe 3To, Bbl'pa>KaBmeecFI B npH|cbmKe B MoHacTblI)cKyIo ロ 、 BOT[IHIHy nPHCraBoIB II BcHKIMx Jn n p H B H J 1 e r H H l H M M y H H C Ta ・ <nPlICblJIbHHKOB>, KOTOI)ble maBa&TH KpeCTMIH Ha n'O|PyKII, 6blJIo JIHm1コcJIe瓜cTBHeM llaPylⅡeʻⅡHH ocHoBl・Iblx no且aTHblx 147 H. 4 0 6 p O JI Io 6 0 B. IICTOpHKO-cTaTIMcTIIIIGcKOe OnHCaHIIe UePKBeit H MOLIaCTblPe曲PFI3aHcKoii enapxMM, T. 1. 3apaicK, 1884, crp. 237@ 148 rnB, Q - IV-1 13a, cTip. 1657-1660. 3 5 5 2 3 *
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BblAaBaJIMcI, B ocHoBHoM MoIlacTblpFIM (Tpo皿e-Cepl、IIeBy 217, nel)ecJIaBcKoMy naHwIoBy 218, IMIITpoBcKoMy nec、HO皿CKOMy 219, yrJI皿KoMy A(PaHacbeBcKoMy220, CaBBo-CTo- po>KeBcKoMy22') . Te >Ke TePpHToplM d)IIrypllpyloT B >KaJIoBal-IHblX rPaMOTax J,pyrmM巾eOAaJIaM - MIITPOnOJIHIIbeMy jIoMy (nl)oe3>KaFI Ha nl)oBo3 pbl6b1 oT Hm〉KHero HoBropoAa 八o MocKBbl) 222, KHH3Io M. M. Ky6eHcKoMy (TapxaHHo-Hecy"MaH Ha CeJIO B nMHTpoBcKOM ye3nle) 223, nOMe皿HKaM PaXMaHIIHoBbIM (Hecy皿MaFI Ha noMecTbe B IMHTpoBCKOM ye3八e) 224. 1/IMMyHIITeTIIble rPaMOTbl lIO3BOJIFIIOT BbmeJIIITb PI nPyI、oil ⑪ 一 一 P G 一 一 paIIOII OOJIbmOrO OOOCTI)eHIIFI KJIaCCOBOII OOPbObl B 3TO BPe- MH - HoBropo且mHoBropoIcKylo 3eMJIIo. HcKJIIoIIHTeJIbHaH 巾OPMyJIa O 6e3'ypoIIHOii noIIMKe JIIIxHx JIIoneii,皿IIpoKo npo:班K皿ajl B )KaJIOBaHHble rPaMoTbl HoBroPOncKIIM MOIIaCTbl- "M l547-1548 rr., flBJIHeTcH xapaKTepllblM cBImeTeJIbcTBoM aKTIIBH3aUlM aHTIIq)eo"JIbHoro nBH>KeHIIH B HoBro- Po,IcKOii 3eMJIe. IIMMyHIITeTI-lble rpaMoTbl Bo BToPoii lToJIoBHHe l547 r. noJIyKIIIJIII MoHacTbIpH CoJIoBeUKIIii (Ha ,nBop B HoBropone225, ToproBble 3KcneXIIuHH II 3eMJIII B HoBroponcKoM I! nBIIHcKoM ye3"x226) II Tpo皿e-CeprlIeB (Ha ceJIo B HoBoTop2KCKOM ye3ne227) . TaKI1M o6pa30M, nPH noMo皿H HMMyHHTeTIIblX rPaMOT npaBIITeJIbcTBo PoMaHoBblx-IOpbeBblx nblTaJIocb 3apyqPITbCFI no"eP>KKOii 60JIbmOrO KPyra (jeO"JIOB B nleHTPaJIbHblx ye3nax M B HoBroponcKo2 3eMJIe 4JIH nomaBJIeHHfI qpe3BbI- IIaiiHO 6yPHo Pa3BePHyBhleiicH B 3To BPeMFI COUlIAJIbHoii 一 一 oopbobI. B HHBape - (beBpaJIe l548 r・rPaMOTbl BblXaBaJIIICb nOIITI1 McKJIIo'IIITeJ1bHO IIa 3eMJIH B Io>KHblx H BoCToIIHblx 2'7 rnB, Co6p. aKToB PI rpaMoT, Nb 1-130. 218 B. r且o6PoHPaBoB. yKa3.CoII., npIIn., cTp. 24-25, Nb 8. 219 K.①、K aJI a imo B IIII. yKa3, coII., cTp. 116. 220 UrAnA, d). I<alIUe.JIFTplIII CeHaTa, KH. 192, ・J1. 259. 221Ⅱ「AJIA, rKa no 3'BGHI汀oI)oXy, Nb l7/4691. 222 Aq)3HX, L1. 1, JVb 244. 223 AA3, T. I, Nb 215. 224 <<AKTbl lOmKoBa>, Nb 159. 225 JIOMH, Co"oB、136, nn. 143-144, N@ 26. 226 40,cH巾e ii. yKa3. co[I., K1. 111, cTp. 7-17. 227 UrAIA, rKa no To,p>KKy, JVh 4/12046; cM. raK>Ke rpaMoTbl oKTH6pH 1547 r. TopolleUKoMy TI)oliUKoMy (UrmA, (j.834, oll. 3, JYb J1.20-20 06.)ⅡユeKa6pll I547 r.I<openbcKoMy HIIKoJIaeBcKoMy 11, JYb 640) MoHacTbl|l)fIM. 368 1919, (Xn,
ye3"x (PfI3allcKoM, TyJIbcKoM, KaulUPcKoM, KoJIoMeH・ EKoM, MypoMcKoM, BaJIaxoHcKoM)228. yKpenJIeHIIe [o>KHblx I"I BOCTOLIHblX OKPallH 6blJIO HeO6xO414MO B yCJIoBIIFIx nOnrOTO B KHHnPOBenel-IHH Ka3aH|CKIIX HOxOIOB. 3aMeTHblji, xoTFI e皿e H He PamHKaJIbHblii, nOBopoT B nPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHOinOJIHTI'IKe B OTHO山elII'III MMMyHIITeTa npoM30meJI BecHoM l548 r. I/1.m・CMHpHoB y,ma'IHo BblneJIHJI MapT l548 r. KaK Bexy B IIcToPIM cocTaBa pyccKoro npaBMTeJIbcTBa. npoaHaJIII31叩OBaB CnHCOK J1MU, KOTOPblM IIPenHa3HaIIaJIMCb nOmaPKII HOBrOPOnCKOrO aPxI,IenMCKOIIa, OH nPli皿eJI K BblBOny, IITO y>Ke B 3To BPeMH B nPaBMTeJIb- cTBo Bxo,nHJIII 。 r. II A. ・ AnameBbl, a 60HPCKIfii COCTaB nPaBIITeJIbCTBa H3MeHHJICH B CTOPOHy IIOrO BeCa HeTHTyJIOBaHHOrO OOHPCTBa 〆 ノ yBeJIH[leHHH yaeJIb(B nePByIO OLIePeZb UapcKo曲po皿M) 229. 3a MapT­瓜eKa6pb l548 r. HaM H3BecTHa 21 BeJIIIKoKHFI>KecKaH HMMyHHTeTHaH rPaMoTa: )KaJIoBaHHblx 17 (nyxoB・ HblM KopnopamiflM I4, H3 KoToPblx IBe He coxpaHIIJIHCI,, cBeTcKHM JIImaM 3, H3 KoTopblx cIHa IIe coxpaHIIJIacb) , yKa3Hblx 4. rpaMoTbl oxBaTblBaloT UeHTpa,mbHble II CeBep- ソ H1>Ie ye34bl PyccKoFO rOcynaPCTBa. BbmaHHafl l9 MaPTa l548 r. 06UaH zKaJIoBaHHaH rpaMoTa KIipIIJIJIo-BeJIo3el)cKoMy MoHacTI)IpIo Ha Bce BoTIIHI-Ibl He COnePJKaJIa nOnaTHblX OCBO60>KmellIIi 230. npeKI)a̲ UaBmaH cBoe UeiicTBHe l7 MapTa l548 r. 06山afI TapxaHHafl rpaMoTa TpoHUe-CeprlieBy MoHacTblpIo He 6blJIa nonTBep>K,meHa 231. Bo3Mo)KHo, B nopFI4Ke KoMneHcaUlm Tpol,lUK" MoHacTblPb. IIoJIyIIIIJI 6 anPeJIH I548 r. o[IeHb Uenpylo TapxaHHylo rPaMOTy Ha nlBoPoBoe MecTo I1 JIePeBHIO B nBIIH- cKoMye3ne232..npIIBceil山emPOcTH3TorOno>KaJIoBaHHFI U OHO, KOHeIJHO, HM B KOeII 〆 MePe He 郡 OblJIO 3KBIIBa、meHTHOM 2 28 Xn, I, Nh 570-574. 2 29 1'1. I'1. C M M p ll o B. O[IepKH IIo'wIH'1,HIIeCKOii HCTOPMM PyCCKOTO rOCy- JapCTBa. M.- ,几, 1958, cTI). 169-179. noKa3aTe・「11)Ho, IITo B HoH6I)e 1548 r. (a BeponTIIo, II HecKo。IIbKo paHbme) yrJ11IIIK11M JBopeUK|IM 6bl&mの. r. AnameB (A. A. 3 II M II H O cocTaBe lIBoI)UoBblx yLII)G>KJIeHIIH PyccKoro TocynapcTBa KoHIla XV II XVI B.­《HCTOl) M LIeCKI{e 3anHcKH>, T. 63, cTp. 197). 40"KHocTb yrJI皿KOrO ABOPeUKOrO IIMeJIa oco60e 3HaLIeIIMe B cHJ1y Toro, 、ITo yrJIHL{ (BMecTe c HeKoTopblMH npyrHMII Tei)pHTo|PHflMH) 。oPMaJIbHo nPHHanJ1e)KaJI 6paTy HBaHa lV - IOpIIIo. 230 JIOI/1H, Co61). merpeHa, Nb 6. 231 rB几Tp. KH. 527, Nb 288. 232 《C60pHIIK 』4 rpaMoT C 、 M , K a m Ta H o B KoJIJerHH 3KoHoMMM>', 369 T・I1. J1., 1929, Nb ll8a.
⑭ nJIaTOH 3a yTPaTy JIbrOTHOrO CTaTyCa OCHoBHblM KOMnJIeKcOM TpOl皿KIIxBoTqlIH.HaH60JIee HpKo HoBopoT BIIMMyHIITeTじ 坐 nOJITBeP>KnteH" ljql[ noJIMTI"g gKa3aJICH Ha xaPaKTePe !fl anpeJIH l543= r. TapxaHHo-o6poIIHEIx rpaMoT1547 r. HIIKoJ1bcKoMynecHom6KoMym.TBepcKoMyOTMHuKoMv ジ MOHaC.rblPHM,OCBO60流ユaBmIIxMoHaCTblPcKIIeBJTaneHIIFIOT ご O6pOKa233・ HMcKⅢx且eHerH瓜PyrHxnO1aTeH PyrHx nonaTeII BBcqeT C[IeTyn。JIaTbl VnJIaTbl o6poKa 233. B anpeJIbcKIIx nonTBepmIITeJIbHbIx nomlicfIx 1548 f oTMeePeBon nOnaTem Ha O6PoKx巾OPMyJIIIPOBaJIcfl O6PoK Hmc別ⅡePeBo且no瓜aTeHHa IIPIIHUIIn B3HMaHIIFI HMcKIIx AeHel、且al-I皿HKaMH <C COX…Ⅱ0 1)03Bony, no"IIeMy KoToporo rony IIMeTUa Ha coxy>. OIHaKo U 3ToT cJIyIIaH orPaHIIIIeHHH nonaTHoTo HMMVHIITeTa 6bl<JI l548r、HBJ1eHHeMHcKJIIoIIHTenbHblM,HHKaKHx叩yrHx JUIH ノUIH 1548 n HBJ1eHHeM McKJIIoqIITe"bHbIM, HHIIaKHxnPyrmx cJIemoB nePecMoTPa cTal)blx TapxaHHblx rpaMoT B l548 1、、 Mbl He l-IaXO1HM 234. 3aToHocJIeanpeJIH1548r.HeHa6JIIonaeTcHmH1)oKoii u BblnaIHI HOBblx TaPxaHHblx rPaMOT. JIHmb oTHOcH山Hecfl KHIoJIol5481、.》KaJIoBaHHblerPaMoTblBoJIoroncKoMy rJIym皿KoMy235IIKoCTpoMcKoMyKopHRJImeBy236MoHacTbipHM conlep>KaJIH ocBo60)KnteHIIe oT HMa. Bo3Mo>KHo, KaKHeTO HO4aTIble nPIIBHJIerlJII COneP>KaJIII HeCoxPaHIIBmHecH I、I)aMoTbl MocKoBcKoMy HoBo且eB咽beMV(HoH6”l548r.)237 1{Cnaco-EB(I)IIMbeBy(1548/49r)238MoHacTblbIIMnpdBII233 K.の、K a JI 4im o B II I1. yKa3. cotl., cTp. llO-116, Nb lll-IV; "TBepcKIie"6eUI!cKMePenoMocT", 1854,.JYh50,[IaCTLHeo巾皿HaJIb. HafJ, 'cTp. 153-154, rp、 4. 2342ceHTH61)el548rmBgllVnonTBepmmJIHecy"MylorpaMoTyl510n BepxHep2Tp9BcWMy neTponaEJoBCKoMy MbliacfblPld nciton6KOfd ye3Ja (C. M. K a m T a m o q nBe >KaJ16BamHble rpdMoTb[ 1510ro" HCKOBCKHMMOHaCTblPFIM.­《3aIIIcKI!OTneJIaPyKOnmCeirOCynaPCT- ge!IHoii6I16JImoTeKMHM̲BMJIeHmma>,Bbm24M" 1961,cT6266j 3T0 no|4TBep>KneHMe, 06ycJIoBJTeHHoe g 3HaLIMTeJIbudii Mede dHemH&g noJI!ITMIIecKIIMIIo6cToFITembcTBaMH(TaM>Ke,cTp.244-245),HecToIIT B cBH3H c nombITKaMH orPaHH[leHwI nonaTHoI,o HMMVHIITeTa. ynoMM- I-'aeNIOe B. myJI皿EM . no4TBePKneHIIe nByX TPo皿K" rPaMoT 1485 r. B <1548'' m (W. S ch u l z. Die lmmunilat !hl Nord6s{lichen RIlSSg land des l4. und 15.Jahrh llllderts.­《Forschullgell zLIr Osteuropaischen Geschichte>, Bd 8 Berlin, 1962, S 253「 B UeiicTBIITeIIbHogTM !IMeJIo MecTP B l549 n (ACSH, T. I, Nb 517-518). " AMB̲pp E". yKaa coq" [L 1II M" 181 1,bTp 714-723: 2" UrAnA, rKa no KocTpoMe, JYb 47/5014. 237 n A:̲P ag II K o B.Oqel)KIinomcToI)MMon"qHMHb1.M.­几, 1950, cTp. 455-461. 238<<OnHcHaHKHIIraCnaco-EB巾IIMbeBaM-PH)p.­《E)KeronHMKBJIamKM叩cKoroI、).6I)HcKoro cTaTIIcTIIIIecKoro KoMIITeTa>. BJIa"MIIp, 1878, c・r:). -18. 370
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PeaKU畑中eonaJIbHblih (rmaBHblM o6pa30M MoHacTblpcKIIi) U HMMyHIITeT PacmHPIIJ1cFI HO TaKOH CTeneHH, [ITo UeHTPaJIIi- 3aTOPCKOe nPaBIITeJIbCTBO He MOrJIO naJIee TePneTb nOXI06HOe nOJIO>KeHIIe Beme曲. OIHaKo [IeM KoHIIIIJIHcb nonblTKH BHOBb OrPaHIIIIIITb H yHII,H皿POBaTb HMMyHIITeT B CeI)eユmHe XVI B., HoKa3aJIa nocJIenoBaBmaH onpHIIHHHa. TaKoii 3Hr3arOO6Pa3Hbli nyTb Pa3BIITIIFI IIMMyl冊ITeTa OnPeneJIFI&mCH B KoI・IeIIHOM CqeTe nPOTIIBOPeIIIIBblM XaPaKTePoM 3'BO"loUIM *eOnaJIIi3Ma B POCCHm①OPMHPoBaHIIe cOCJIOBHorO cTPOfl npOHCXO且mJIO 3Aecb Ha 6a3e Bo3HIIKaBmerO KPenOc'THHIIeCTBa, HO nPH COxPaHeHIIH nOJIHTHIIeCKHX IIHCTHTyTOB 。eOnaJIbHOrO cTPOH. nOnblTKa BTIIcHyTb HoBble KPenOcTIIIIIIecKIie OTHOmeHIIFI B PaMKII CTaPblx HOJIHTHIIecKHx PIHcTHTy- U 〆 TOB cHOCoOcTBOBaJIa, C OnHOH CTOPoIIbl, Pa3JIO)KeHHIO caMHX 3TIIx HHCTIITyTOB (B TOM IIHCJIe lI HMMyHHTeTa) , nP皿aB” IIM IIaCTHonPaBOBOM xaPaKTeP, C nPyrOi cToPOHbl, 04)OPMJIFIJIa 3JIeMeHTbl xlaCTHOii co6CTBeHIIOcTII B BHne nOJIIITHIIGcKHX U n pHBIIJIerlIII- B XVI B. 3ToT npoUecc o6pa30BaHIM cocJIoBHoro cTpofl HaxOHIIJIcH Ha PaHHeii cTa皿畑, KOrna nPe>KHHi llMMyHIITeT Pa3JIHIIHblx 3eMJIeBJIaneJIbUeB H KOPnOPa皿Ii ellle He Mol、 nPeBPaTHTbcH B o6皿ecoc、HoBHoe npaBo. B pa3BHTHII IIMMyu HI1'reTHoH ⅡoJIIITHKH 〆 nOOe>KnaJIII nO3TOMy TO TeHnteHUIM, nPemBOCxH皿aB皿He a6coJIFoTH3M (yHH(DIIKa"H II cTporoe O叩aHIIIIeHIIe IIMMyHHTeTa ) , To nPyraH JIIIHIIH, KOTOPafl 6blJ1a o6ycJIoBJ1eHa coxpaHeHIieM 3KoHoMIIIIecKoii pa31Po6JIeHHOCTH cTPaHbl lI He3aBePmellHOCTblo UecKOH UeHTPaJIII3aUHH. ⑪ nPOUeCCa nOJIIMTH-
CnMC0KCoKPAmEH Mレ! ApxMBI,IIKapxmBI・11jleco6paHm別 I,ABO - rocynlal)cTBel-IHblii apxIKB BJ1a4MMIII)cKom o6JIacTII rAKO - rocynaPcTBeHHblii a'I)xHB Ka几HHIIHcKoii o6LnacTM rBJT- Omei- byKonllceii TocynapcTBeHHoih 611dmmoTeKM CCCP HM. B. Ii. JIeHIIHa B MocKBe rHM - OTnleJI pyKoIIIIceii rocynapcTBeHHoro IIcTopl・ltlecKoro My3eH B MocKBe rKS - rpaMoTbl KoJIJIerIIII 3KoIIoMIIII B UrAHA rnB - OMeJI pyKoHIIceii rocy"pcTBelJHoii ny6JIIIIIIIoii 6116JIMoTeKII IIM. M. E. CaJITblKoBa-皿e"IIHa B JIeHIIHrPa,me JIOHH­ApxIIB JIeHIIHrpaXcKoio oTneJIeHIIfY HHcTIITyTa lIcTol)MM AH CCCP OJInn - Co6Pa'llIe O6皿eCTBa @mo6IITeJIeHノIPeBHeii nIICbMeHIIoCTII B rI̅1B onm­OTノleJI nIICbMellllblX IICTO[1HIIKOB rlIM naTp.- nfITI)llaPlllee co61)all!ie B rliM n且CJI-njliKd3Hble meila cTaPbIX JleT B UlZMA noron;.- Co6paH'Ie (《nPeBJTexPa|HIIJIH皿e>') H. n noro皿Ha BrnB PyMHIIn.- Co6paHHe H.n. PyMHHueBa B rBJI CiIM- (D. CMMoHoBa MoHacTbIpH B̲rl'IM Cn6. n/A - Co6I)aHIIe pyKomlceii CaHKT-neTep6yprcKoi! JIyxoBHoii aKJAEMIIH B rnB Tp.­申. Tpo皿e-CeprmeBa MoHacTbIpfl B rBJI ((P 3031 UrAJA - UeHTpaJIbllblii rocy"pcTBelIHblii apxIIB jlPeBIIHx aKToB B MocKBe UrA r. MocKBbl - UeHTpa。JIbHbIi rocy"pcTBeHHblii apxIIB E MocKehl UrMA - UeHTpaJIbIIblii rbcynlapcTBeHHblii IIcTopIIIIecKIIil al)xIIB CCCP B JIeHIIHrPanle. Ⅲ3再aH皿H AA3­《AKTbl, co61)aHHble B 6116JIIIoTGKax H apxIIBax PoccIIiipKoii lIM- neplIIIApxeorpa(しHIIecK'oIo3Kcne且皿IieIoI'IMIIepaToI)cKojiAKanleMIIH HaVK>, TI Cn6., 1836; T. 111.Cn6., 1836. ATP一二<<AKTLI, oTHocH皿HecFI JIo rpa7KLaHCKOII paC]1paBI.I JIPeBHeii PoccHH》. Co6Pa,rlHH皿aJI A. enpToB-LIexoBcKHi, '1,. 1. KHeB, 1860. A3P­《AIKTbI, OTHOCJI皿HecJI K IIcTopmll 3a|naIIHoM PoccI川, CO6paHIIble II H3JIal[IIbIG Apxeorpa(しⅡ【IecKoIo KoMIIccIieIo>", T. II. Cn6.,1 848 25 C. M. I<alu'raIIoB 377
AI1­《AKTbl IIcTopII[IGcKIIe, co61)alIIII)ie l[ ]13"HIIble Apxeorl)al)1I[IecKoIo KOMIICCI1el()>, T. 1,11. Cn6., 1841. 《AKTbl lO山KoBa》­《AKTI>I XIII-XVII BeKoB, 111)eJIc'1、aBJIeHllble B Pa3p皿Hbl曲nPIIKa3 11PeJlcTaBM1.enflMレI CJIy>KI皿blX (baMIl:mhnoCJIe OTMeHbI MecTHH[IecTB”・H3ユallbI MeHbI MecTHII[IecTBa>. H34allbI AJIeKcaH叩oMIO山KoBblM.M., AJIeKcaH"oM IOmKoBblM 1898. AC31'i­《AKTbl coUlia@JIbHo-aKoIIoMII[lecKoil IIcToI)Im CeBepo-BocToqHoji pycII KoHUa XIV - Ha[la@JIa XVI B.>,T. 1.M.­几, 1952; T. 11. M.­ J1., 1958; T. 111. M.­几, 1964. AIH一《AKTbI, oTHoc兄山I1ec兄K I'ICTOI)HHTFIMOTO HaceJIeHHH B MOCKOBcKOM roCy,UaPCTBe>, II3,nlaHHble M. 4IJHKOHOBblM, Bbln. II. lOPbeB, 1 897. A・3 MX­《AKTbi (I)eoJla@IIbHoro 3eMJIGBJI"eHIM I1 xo3"cTBa XIV-XVI BeKoB>, {1. 1. M., 1951; q. 11. M, 1,956; q. 111. M., 1961. AIO­《AK'rbl lop皿叫lecKMe, 11。ml! Co61)allMe (1)oI)M cTal)IIHHoI、() JIeJIoll l)oH3Bo4cTBa>. CH6., 1838. AIOB­《AKTbI, oTHoc兄皿Hec凡凡O IOpli且HIIec|KorO 6bl'1、a mpeBHeii pOCCml>', T. I. Cn6., 1857; T. II. Cn6., 1864;.T. 111. Cn6., 1884. TBHHn­《rPaMoTbl BeJIHKoro HoBrOponaⅡ ncKoBa)D. M.-J1., 1949. 且AH­<且o!noJIHeHIifl K AKTaM IIcTopIILIecKPIM, co6PaHHble II II3JaHHble Apxeorpaq)II'IecKolo KoMHccHeIo)', T. I. Cn6., 1846. 且H且r­<且yXOBHbleH且OroBoPHble rPaMoTbl Be.)IHKIIx II yUenbHblx KI・IH3ek XIV-XVI BB.>. M・­J1., 1950. >KMIO­《>KypHaJI MMHIIcTepcTBa IocTIIIII1I1),. 3EepHHcK砿一B.B、3 B e p li H c K M ii. MaTepllaJIbl lJIFI IIcTopHKo-ToIIorPa*|IIIIecKOI10 11ccJIenPBaHIIR O nPaBOCJIaBIIblx MOHacTbIPFIx B PoCclMcKohHMnel)HII, T. 1. Cn6., 1890; T. 11.-Cn6., 1892; T. 111. CH6., 1 897, Ka6aHoB-《MaTepllaJIbl n() IにToI)HII HHシKer()PoncKOrO KPaH II3 cToJ1IIIIHblx apxHBoB". l̅Ion pe4. A. K Ka6aHoBa (《且eMcTBIIFI HII>Ke'ropoHcKoii ry6epHcKoil yIIeHoii ai)xHBHoiI KoMIIccIM>', BI]1IT. 3, 11. 1 . CI60pHHK, T. XIV. HIDKHIIii HoBropo4, 1913). JT3AK­《JIeTOHIICb 3allHITlin AI)XeOrl)a(bllqe'CKOil KOMM(.CIII" HnK­《HoB旧opoHcKIIe mlcUoBble KIIII", IBJaHHbIG Apxeorpa(I)IIIIGcKoIO KoMIICCIIelO>, 1905. T. I11.cn6., 1868; T、1V. Cn6., 1886; T. V. Cn6., nK­《,nllcHoBbIe KHHrll MocKoBcKOro rOCynaPCTBa>. noJI pen. H.B・KaJ'auloBa , I1.1.ⅡⅢcUoBble KHIIM XVI BeKa, oTJt. I. Cn6., 1872; oTnt. 2.CH6., 1877. nPn­《naMFITImKII pyccKoro npaBa>, Bbln. 1. M., 195,2; Bbln. I1. M., 1953; BbIIn. 111.M., 1955; BbIn. 1V. M., 1956. ncPJI­《noJIHoe co6paHIIe pycpKIIx JIGTonl,Iceii, II"aHHoe Apxeorpa- q)IIIIGCKOIO KOMMCCIIGIO>, TⅡ Cn6., 1843; T. 1V. Cn6., 1848; T. 1V, L1. 1, Bbm.̲ 1. nr., 1915: T. 1V, II. 1, Bbln. 2. JI., 192& T、1V, M. ̲l̲, BbIn. 3. J1., 1929; T. V, Bbm. 1. J1., 1925; T. VI. Cn6., 1853: T. V11. Cn6.,1856; T、VII1.cn6., 1859; T. IX. Cn6., 1862; T. XII. Cn6., 1901; T・XIII, nepBaH no"oBIIHa. Cn6., 1904; BTopajI no,IIoBHHa. Cn6., 1906; T. XIV,BToPafl noJIoBHHa. T. XV. Cn6., 1863; L̲XVIL Cn6.、 l907; T. XVIII. Cn6., 1913; T. 20, nepBaa no"oBMHa. Cn6., 1910; T. 21, BToPan noJoBIIHa. Cn6., 1913; T.̅22, L1. 1. Cn6., 1911; T. 23. Cn6., 1910; T. 24. nr" 1921; T. 25. M.-J1, 1949; T、26. M.- JI, 1959; T. 27. M., 1962; T、2R. M., 1963: T. 30. M., 1965. PI/IB­《PyccKaflllcToI)lI'IeCKafl6116@ITHoTGKa,I13JaBaeMaFIApxeorpaq)liIIecKolo KoMI,IccHeIo>D, T. II. C「16., 1875; T. 32. nr., 1915. 378
《C6. PH0>­《C6()1)IIIIKPyccKoroIIcToPllIIGcK()r()()imecTRa>,TJ35. Cn6., 1892; T. 41. Cn6., 1884. くTDVJL' MTMAH》­くTI)yAbl MocKoBcKoTo rocyAal)cTBelIIIoro IIcToPllKo-al)入I1BIIOrOIIHCTⅡTyTa》. "Tpy4blOIPJI》­"fTpy4b!OT¥Wr"""fc".、nWWWpp【しIHcTIITyTaPyCCKOH皿TePaTyPb[(nymKI1HcK"npM) AKaneMMHHayK CCCP》. xn, I-c. M. KamT a H qB XpoH9JIorliqe9<mii nepeIIeHb」IVMW""Hblx rpaMoT XVI B.­《Apxeorp a巾函ecKIIii e)KeroJHIIK 3a l957 ronl>. M., 1958. xn, II-c.M・K a m T a lI o B. XpoHoJIorlIqecKH曲nel)eIIfl{b WIMMyHH- Te.I.Hblx rPaMoT XVI B.,叩.2­《Apxeorpa(blIulecKI1ii e>Kel、o皿ⅡK3a 1 960 ro瓜》. M., 1962. 無印TeHIIFI OI'MIP》­“LITellIIH B O6111ecTBe HcToI)IIII H XpeBIIocTeii poc・ CPIiiCKIIX TII)I"I MOCKOBCKOM VIMBel)CHTeTe>'. LEKUB­《LN-, Est- !111(I KufltmdiSches Urkundenl)LIch,zWeite Abtheilullg", B(1. 1 ' Riga - Moskau, 1900; B(l. 2. Riga - Moskall, 1905. 、 25*
MMEHHOK A6nblJI-JIeT", 72,73,77 Uapb y K A 3 AT E 1 b Ka3aHcKIIji A皿peAⅡMIITPIIeBII[1, KH. MO>KaHU U CKIIii, CblH nMHTP" IIBaHOBHIIa noHcKoro l27 ABaHecoB P. Z. 151 ABn|oTI]FI IIBaHoBHa, B. K11., 40[Ib 11Balla lll 62, 67, 69 AHnperI I'1BaIIoBPIII, KII. cTap|I皿K}畑, u nopoBIIII, KII., nllceU 44 AJIeKcaH八p, IIryMeH Tpollue-Cep- cbIII IIBaHa lll lO, 45, 178, 199, 209, 2 1 3-2 1 6, 222, 223, 226, 250, 255, 27 1 , 272, 275, 276, 278­ 285, 288, 290, 303, 305, 310-312, 3 14-319, 321, 324, 325, 333, 334, 336,339 AHHa BacIIJIbeBHa, B. KH. pH3aHcKaH, >KeHa KH. BacIIJIwI HBalloBIIIIa, cecTpa HBaHa lll 69, 85, rIIeBa MoHacTbII)fI 254 cTapeU Cnaco・EBAJ1eKca HnP , AHToHoB HBaH MHxaimoBIIq, rocTb ABToKpaToB B. 1-1. 126, 131 A n a mAJIeKceieB eB 〔 pAJIeKcei・I e J I o p o(peJIopoBII[I, BII&I, oKoJIbllI,IIII'ii 369 A且ameB 。e40P rPHrOPbeBMq, 60FI- PMH, n{BOPenKI'Iih yrJIHnKIIil 369 AJIa6b皿b (OJIa6blmb) enPp e- 。IIMbeBa MoIIacTI)Ipfl l89 AJIeKcaH八p BJIamIM'IIpoBIIII cノ側、 PocToBcKIIi'l AJIeKcaⅡ川1 B.na八11MIII)OBMII AJIGKC a H八P l<a3I'IMIIPOBII11, KOI)OJIb IT|OJlbCKi,1ii II B. KII.川IToBcKMIi'I 61, 65-69, 86, 87, 96, 98, 108, 1 18, 143, 153, 155, 156, 158-160, 166, 86 MocKoBcKIIii 337 ApTeMbeB (OpTeMbeB) B。naceii ylnaK, Jlb"K 206-209 A(I)allacIIil, IIryMeH TpoI皿e-Cel)I、IIeBa MoHacTbIpfl 19, 25 A巾al-IacIJeB (peJIoI) MI,IxaiiJIoB cIJIH, JIO30PUllK II CyAI>兄37 AxMaT, Uapb 30JIoToii ol)nlbl l52 168, 173, 174 AJIeKcaHXp VI, nana pllMcKIIii l43 AJIeKceeB IO.r. 7, 14, 214, 313 A皿eHI<.①. (Allen C. F.) 140142, 166, 167, 176 AMBpocIm, IIepKoBHblk ⅡHcaTenb 131, 252, 259, 304, 31 1, 332, 336, 342,350,370 A"epceH EHc, enncKon OgeHceliZ cKIM (・IoIIcKIIK) 141, |154, 167 AHXpeii (A皿PeiKO), cTaPocTa 3a.ⅢeccKH2 28 AHnpeii BacIIJIbeBIIII Bo.JIbmoi'!, KII. VrJ''mKI,ii, ClDIH Izia(、ⅢⅡIIH II l6, i7, 21, 22, 30, 31,44-48, 51, 54, 55,59,64,66,71,72,75,77,87, 99, 100, 1104, 129, 146, 177, 188, 210, 215, 216, 225, 235, 236, 277, 281, 282, 321, 333 AHnpeii BacIIJIbeBIILI MeHIJIuoA, KII. Bonor,o八cK", cblH BacIIJIIIFI II 30, 54, 129, 130, 277 380 Ba311JIeBIIII K, B、77, 79, 81, 83- 86, 102, 103, 109-112, 1l4, 117, 138-140, 143, 163, 166 BapaKoB cM. BapJIaaM (BapaKoB) A BapcoB E. B. 259, 304 ユ BapcyKoB A. n. 263 BapxyniapoB C. r. 151 BaTyPlm, C'beM皿HK MOHaCTblDCKOii △ 3eMJIII 273 Bamel・IIIH BacIIJmii, nIIceU 247, 248 U BeryHoB 10. K. 152, 187, 189, 194, 195, 197, 227 Be306pa30B AJYeKcaHmp (OJTema) , abHK 37, 40­43, 52-58, 224 BeKJIeMHmeB HIIKHTa BacIIQJIbeBHIM, pa3'be34L11IK II cynbFI 28, 29 BeKJIeMMmeB-BepceHb lIBaH HIIKIITHII cblH, cblH 60HpcKIIih 63, 269 BeJIo3epUeB r. H. 151 BeJIbcKIIe, KHFI3bfl 333, 334, 347, 348
Be@nbCKIIii llBaH のenOPOBIILI, KH・ʼ 6oHpHH329,333,334,338,344-347 ]/J'bcKIIii M (Bielski M') , xpo- III,IcT 160, 161 BeJIbcK" CeMeH HBaHoBIIII, KH., 97-109, 111-124, 137, 139, 141-147, 151-155,164-171, 174­186, 190, 199, 201-206, 209, 210, 212, 213, 216-218, 222-227, 231 , 233-240, 242- 275,277-282,284,290-292' 6oHpIIH lO8, 152, 166 BeJIbCKmA ①enP,l) IIBaHOBH[1, KII., 6oHpHH 278 BenHeB II. n. 187, 247, 248 BePCeHD-BeKJIeMⅡmeBcM.BeK峰TeMHHIeB-BePCGIIb BecTVxKeB HBall, cVnm29 BoJIxoBIITIIIIoB E.A. 266 AmeKCaHnPOBIIIl, 295, 296, 299, 309, 310, 312, 314, 317, 322, 325, 326, 331, 333, 335, 336,338,339,345,352,374 B acIIJII戒 HBaHoBⅢ【【(meMn叩K'), KII, Cblll KH. I'IBal{a mMIITPmeBII- [Ia, BHyK nMIITpHH IOpbeBIIWa B血Ioiin》K. (Blulll J.)5 BOPllc 47-7 1, 73-8 1 , 83-85, 87-93, B. KH. TBel)CKOii, CI>III KH・AIIeKcallnp a 』 IIBai-IoBIILIa 31 Bopllc BacII|m,eBIl[I c.M. KyTy30B Bopllc Bacll川〕eB11LI BoI)IIC BacHJIbeBIIII,KH、BoJ1011KHH, 61)I1I B acIIJIII FI I I 30, 44-47, u 52, 54, 55, 66, 70, 71, 73, 77, 78, 87,94,95 BopTIIHKoB CeMeII (CeIIbKa) , KpecTbm畑H 188 BDoKrav3①.A. 161 劃 nleMRI<II 108, 109, 111, 152, 155, 159, 160, 166. 177, 178, 238, 264, 265,268,277,365 BacH川m MIIXailJIOBIIII, KII., CbIH K,I. MIIxaIIJIa AImpeeBII[Ia BepeiノIcKoro 80 BaccIIal! (BacbflI1)、a l)xIMMa皿pHT C1,1M()HoBa MoIiacTbII)fl, 3aTeM apxIIemlcKon l)ocToBcKIIii l27, 204, 205 』 ⑪ BaccllaH (BacbFIII)、ⅢryMelI TpoIIUe-CepmeBa MoIIacTbIpFI 335 BaccIIaH naTpllKeeB c.ル4. naTPHKe- EVJIoBH I皿 Ⅲ.y.76 eB-Kocoih BaClm油I'1BaHOBIIII BaccIIaH (TonopKoB) , emlcKon KoJIOMeHCKIM II KamIIPCKI'IiノI 332 ByTplom P.(Boutruche ByTpIom p. (Boutruche R) R)5 5 BaxpaMeeB H.A、254, 264, 330, 4 BVraHoB B. I'I. 159, 164, 173, 177 BvTvDJmH HBal・I HIJKHTIm, BoeBoma, "6peUKIIii 1loBropoXcKHii 312 " BI>IXOBeU,mI1、OBCKI伽ⅡOMe皿ⅢK, U 333,336,356 BeJIHK11ii cM. mecTylloB-BemIKmii BeJIbflMIIHoB I'IBall B acllJIbeBH'I manpa, BoeBona l57, 159 BJIa,meJIen xpoHIIKII 160-162 BeJIbHMIIHoB-3epHoB B.B. 77 BanK C. H 10, 349 BeHe且HKT. BapJIaaM, apxIIMalI,mpllT CIIMoIIoBa 3el)cKoro MoHacTbipH 46 BepxnepeBcKIM MHxalm BaclIJ1beBH[I, ITOMe皿IIK 357 BeceGIIoBcKIIii C、B、4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 42,47,80,82,88,240,246,275 BJIam1MIIp AHjlpeeBwI, KH・CTapmUKIHPI, CblH KH・AHnpeFI HBaHoBH[Ia 318, 334, 362, 363 BJIamIMIIp l CBFITocJIaBIIII, B. KH. MOIIaCTLII)FI, 3aTeM MI,ITPOnOJIIMT MocKoBcKIIil 204, 205, 257, 258 BapJIaaM (BapaKoB), cTapeII̲Tpo・ Ime-CeprlIeBa MoHacTblpfI 57 BacwIHi, nLFIK cM. noJIMaToB Ba即 KIIpml.JIo-BeJIo- q力 哩 CHJIHH BacIIJIIIii HrvMeH ll BacHJIbeBIIq TeMI-Ibli, B. KH. MocKoBcK" 23, 54, 75, 1 23, 128, 145, 205, 220, 221, 239, 245,335 BacI,IJIIii rpl,IropbeB c〃l. 3axaPoBTHImHeB U BfIcIIJIHii rpHTopbeB KmeBcKI,Iii l27 Bo31BIDKeHcKHii T. H. 315 △ v BoJIK KvDIInblH cM. KvpImblH BoJIK IIBaH HBaHOBIIKI BopoHUoB BacMIJIMIii MIIxaiiJIoBH[I, 叩 CblH B aclIJIImnMIMTPlleBH可、B・KH・MOCKoBcKHii l28 BacwIHii lll HBaHoBI1[I, B. KH. Moc- KoBcKIM 13, 16, 22, 23, 32-44 381 6oFTpIIII 358 Bol)oIInoB HBaH のenOPOBMIq, HaMecTHIIK 6eJIo3el)cKIIii 345
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■ no6i)oHI)aBoBBE269,270,332、 EcIInoB Bomall, 60FIpllH HoBTopoJIcKIfil ll noca皿IIIK 185, 190 Ed)Do,I Ii. A. 161 no6PblHcKIIe, 6oFIpe 80 )KI13HeBcKlliM A. 1<, 256 JIo6PoJIIo60BH.355 340, 343、 360, 368 瓜oBHap-3anoJIbcKHAM.B、271 noJIMAToB Bacm"!lii. nbllK 23, 26, ⑭ 3a6e川佃I I/i. E. 211 3a6epe31IHcKI'ii (3a6ePe3cKIIii) HH △ IOPbeBIIII. BoeBoJIa TpOIIKmh、Ha- 27, 30, 32, 50 no poro6y>KcKI畑Hoc''* A皿pe叩 eB岨,KH.,BoeBona 156, 157 MeCTHIMK I̅IoJIoIIKHii cKoTo MoHacTblpH 234 nocm巾eii,emIcKOTIKpyTIIIIKIMi'1317 nocI'巾e仇, UepKoBHIJII 337,346,368 mlCaTeJII、 JIeBJIaneJIeu 23 cKI1il 49 3aMFITIIFI TIIMo巾eii, 3eMJIeB,IIaJIeneu nblol[ X. (Dewey H W) 5, 7 mbflKolIoB M. A. 378 cJt. 363 巾oll 3allcreiiM JIIoノIBI1r,KeH1IrcOcTIoKoBIIII 6eprcKwiM KoMaⅢ且op 89 ユ 3acTbJI6cKIIII rl)IIrol)IIii PI)MalIo- EB巾HMiIFI IneMFIqllIIeBa, KHFIrmlfl, CTa.pllUa,BHoBa KH B. II. men 戸 1『 3a60noTcKHii-JTo6aH neTP rl)IIrOpl,eBIM11,Ⅱ【Icen44,86 nyPOB A巾aHaCmi, TllyH FIl)OCJIaB' EBcTIIKVBIIII 110 3a60J1()TcKIIii KoIIcTaHTIIH rI)I'ITOI)I)eBIIII, nlICeU, nBOPeUKⅢⅡ 187,188,207, 208 3a60J1oTcKHii HIIKHTa JII]BoB, 3eM- noc"e#I, aPxPIMaIIJIPIIT CoJIoTIIml " BIIII, nlIceI1 184 3axapoB MIIKJIFIII1, 3eMJ1eBJIaIIe,mell 戸 M汀〔JI1LIa DOO 37 EJIeHa BaCWIbeBHa, B・KH、MocKoB- cKafl, mo'IE KH. BacIIJTHFI JTbBo- 3axal)oB-rllll川IeB BacIImIii rpII- >Kella roPbeBcbIII,11I,mK358、359,362 BaclIJwH I11 9, 275, 276, 278- 3axapoB-rHwJI1IeR FIKoB rpllropb- B1Iqa rJIIIHcKOrO, BTo1)aR 281,285,288,289,291­293 296-299,303,305,309,310. 312-314, 316, 319-324,326「 eBcI)'Ⅱ,J1IコツIK 359 3BePlIIIcKIIitB.B.76,137,172,378 3IIMIIH A A. 7, 8, 10, 29, 39, 45, 46, 79,81-83、89-91, 98, 103, 104, 329­331,333,336,374 EIIeHa BoJIomaHKa cM. EJIeHa CTe, 巾aIIOB1Ia E、neHa 114, 115, 122, 128, 153,174、 175, 191, 193-195, 198,200,224, 225、 240, 258, 273, 276, 280,323, 328, lIBaHoBHa,B・KII., ⅡoLII, I'IBaHa lll, >KeHa AJIeKcaH几I) 3; Ka31'MHpoBIIIIa, B・KII・J1wToBCK()ro 65-69. 87, 98, 108, 110, 118 311110B11ハ.'IryMGII TPolIUe-CePrIIeBa EJ1eHa CTe巾aHoBHa (BoJ10HIaIIKa), 30cIIMa, apxIIMailノ11)IIT CIIMoHoBEl 且oTIb CTe巾aHa lV, rocnonapFI MOJIJIaBCKOfO, >KGHa I'IBalla HBaIIoBⅡ咽MoJIomoro 22、33、 61, 64­69,80­82,84,85,90,96, npHI皿eCCa, MOHaCTI,IPH, 3aTeM MIITPQJIOJIIIr MocKoBcltlIii 2 1 、 22, 36, 55, 73 MBaH AWIpeeB咽、KII. MOX<aiiCKI"lii, KH. AHnpefl nMIITplleMqa I46 ZIOKI1フユaT- cKoro Kopo" Xa'Ica l41、1 42, 144, 154, 167, 175, 176, 181 EJTb[I almHOBLI, 26ʻ4 MoHacTbipFI 336 cblH 106-108, 114, 115, 147 EJIII3aBeTa, 367,369 3eMJIeBJIa1eJIbⅡbl HBaH BOPncoBIIq, KH Py3cKIit, cbIH KH. .BoPIIca BacIIJIbeBIIIIa 78, 94,107,159,173,183,184,195, 198, 200,277 HBaII III BaCI,IJII)eBWII,B、KII・MOC- E,JIb別meBII[I B. B. 4, 6, 8, 252 EponKIIH (PonIIelloK) A巾aHacⅡ1ʻ cblH 6oHpcKIIii 42 EI)omKIIHbl, nBo"I-IcKI{i poノ1,m(j… ToMKII cMoJ1eHCKIIx KHmKaT 87 KoBcKI"Ii 10, 12, 13, 16-19, 21­ 25,28­38,40,44­71,73­79, 81-96, 98-111, 115-125, 128- 130, 135-147, 151-156, 158, 159, 162、164­166, 383 168-172, 1 74, ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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