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Автор: Зимин А.А.
Теги: политика экономика феодализм внутренняя политика издательство наука грамоты
Год: 1967
Текст
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一
5 W. S c h u l z. Die lmmunit5t im Nord6stlichen Russland des l4. und
15. Jahrhunderts.《Forschungen zur
Bd. 8. Berlin, 1962, S. 265-269 .
Osteuropdischen
Geschichte>,
6 R. B o u t r u c h e. Seigneurie et feodalit6. Paris, 1959, p. 1 18, 120,
258,259.
7 Horace W. D e w e y.
Immunities
vol・XXIII, 1964, p、644, 651.
5
in Old
Russia.《Slavic
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JMh 84; H. n o K p o B c K MI ii. PyccKHe enapxHH B XVI-XIX BB., T. 1.
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31 ACSII.T. 11. M 292.
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34 nPCJI, T. V111, cTp. 223; T・XII, cTP. 232; T. 27, cl、p.362; T. 28,
cTp・156.
35 pHB, T. 32, M 128.
36 AH, T. I, M 138.
37 AA3, T. I, M 188.
38 0 Heii CM・Ta!K)Ke; J1. B. q e p e n H II 'H. yKa3. coI1., u 2, cTp. 2|24.
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Pyg, OTPaWeHHbi#、E nPa" rPaMOTe, H̅1cH nOmci6:
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KaK IHa[IaJIO nPKyMeHTa He COXI)aHHJIOCb, OjIHaKO H B 3TOM
cJIyIIae JloKJIaX cJI'ymaJI BacIIJII1i KaK "eJIoBeK cTa-
pIImmib!45。
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AC3II, T. 111, JVb 208, cTp 219.
IaM >Ke, Nb 209, cTp222.
nCPJIJ Lyl, crll. 40; T. V111, cTP. 230-231; T XII, cTP. 241-242
HnP; AC3H, T. 111, cTp. 499-500, hpIIM K JYb 215
イ
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0
0
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BacHJIbeBMIIa BceH PycII H IIo I、ocy八a" cBoero KHfl3H Ba。
cHJIbfI HBallOBHIIa |c,ノIoBy>P 147. CJIe八oBaTeJIb}IO, B aTO BPeMH
l/iBaH III V)Ke HaxoJMJIcH B MocKBe, T. e・OTBO八HylO-P a3be3>KylO rPaMOTy HylKHO JaTHPOBaTb BPeMeHeM HOCJIe
24 MapTa l496 r.
Bo Bcex sTIIx八OKyMeHTaX巾HryPHPyeT HPOCJIaBcK"
TliyH AqJ. 4ypoB. B npaBoii rpaMoTe li cy"oM 。cnHcKe
nyPOB Ha3BaH TIiyHOM BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, B OTBOIHQH-Pa3b-
e3ンKen oH nPII3HaeT cBOIIM <<TOCynaPeM)P KH別3fl BacllJIIIH
MBaHoBHIIa. BcnoMHHM, [ITo B rpaMoTe anpeJIH l496 r. Ba-
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Bac"" TIoJiyqmJI He paHbme Bo3BI)auleHMH HBaHa lll H3
HoBrol)o,ma. OLIeBWIHo, Ha八eJlellHe BacliJIIifl (Ha KaKoe-To
KopoTKoe BpeM,I) IIpaBaMII cJIy)Ke6Ho-yneJIbHoro HpocJIaB-
CKOrO KHFI3H八OJDKHO 6blJIO KOMneIICHPOBaTb eMy nOTePlO
HeO申皿HaJIbHOih POJIH COn'PaBIITeJIH BeJIIIKorO KHH3H Ha
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Bac皿噸He npHo6peJI B HpocJIaBJIe caMocToHTeJIbHor9
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(Ha nePBOM MeCTe B皿HM qJOPMyJIy; <<nO…rPaMOTe Be皿一
、
KOrO KHH3H…》ノ.
Ha 3aBep皿aIo山eM aTane H3AaHHH AC3H H. A・rony6=
nPB nPIImeJI K BblBOny, 'IITo HeO6XO,瓜HMO yllllTblBaTb Cy皿ecTBoBaHHe KIHH3H BacIIJIIIH mBaHoBHIIa, cblHa HBaHa lll,
《ⅡPIIyCTaHOBJIeHHHJIIiqllocTHKHH3eiic!HMeHeMBacHJIIIH
IigaHOBHIIa (rOJIeHIIHa, naTPHKeeBa li nP.) , nleiiCTBOBaBmHx B 3TII ronbl (1495-1498) B KaIIecTBe 60Hp BBe八eHblx
H, Me>KXy n&POKIHM, nPHHHMa|B皿Ⅱx IOKJIanIJI nO cy4HblM ne-
JIaM o 3eMJIe), 149. K co)KaJIeHHIo, npli ny6JIHKaUHH nepBoro
ToMa A3IIXHⅡByx nepBblx ToMoB AC31'I poJIb KHFI3H
B aclIJII畑HBaHoBHIIa (6yny皿ero BaclIJIHH 111) B Ho皿THIIeCKoji邪H3HH 90-x rOnPB XV B・BOBce 'He 6blJIa nPHHHTa
B PaCLIeTHⅡO3TOMy B 60JIbmHHcTBe cJIyIIaeB <<KHFI3b BaJIeii l'IBaHoBI,III> yBePeHHO OTOXmecTBJIHJIcJI JIH60 c
B.Ⅲ、roJIeHHHblM, JIH60 c B.H. naTpIIKeeBblM. B ocHoBe
皿eHTHq)IIKaUlM BacIIJIIIH HBaHoBHIIa c B. H. naTpHKeeBblM JIe>KaJI Te3Hc JI. B. IIepenHHHa o ToM, IITo B l495147 AC3H, T. 111, Nb 210.
148 TaM x(e, JMb 215.
149
TaM >Ke, cTp、500.
4
C 、 M , I 〈 a m Ta H o B
49
l 499 rr・ル1.10. H B. II. naTpHKeeBbl Bo3r、JIaBJ1fIJIM B
MOcKBe f<|Cy4e611ylO KoJIJIerHIO> 150.
Bo BTopoM ToMe AC31'i HeK唖《KHII3b BacMJIeA I/iBaHo-
BIILIb> ynoMHHaeTcH B Nh 285, 289, 290, KoTopble naTHPoBaHb% <(oK[oJIo] 1492 r.》B o"oM MecTe B Nb 290 "ryplIpyeT
<KHH3b BeJII1KM BacHJIe曲mBaHOBHIIb> 151, nPHIIeM n|OCJIeniU
Hee
IITeHIie
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nono31)eHHe B HaJIIIIIPIH 3neCb onHCKII 152. B IIMGHHoM yKa3aTeJIe
<<BacIIJIei mBal-IOBH'Ib>
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oIHoBpeMellHo II K B. II. ToJIeHIIHy, II K BacHJIHIo I/IBaHoBIIIIy, cblHy mBal-Ia lll l53. HII B oJHoM I13 aHa@ノI H3HDVeMblx
TeKCTOB 。aMHJ叩くroJIeHHH>> He BCTPe[IaeM, xOTH yKa3aHHe baMHJIMII - 06blIIHoe HBJIeHIIeノIJIH八oKyMeHTOB, r4e
瓜eiICTBHTeJIbHO PeIIbH1eT o B. li. ToJIeHHHe l54.
npocJIe>KIIBaH cJIyKIali ynoMIIHa'HHH BacIIJIMH MBaHoBHIIa B paccMaTpHBaeMbIx IIcToqHHKax, Mo)KHo y6e"ITbcH,
IITo oII npHHHMaJI yqacTHe B pa360pe 6eJIo3epcKIIx 3eMeJIIJHblx ,UeJI nBa>K4bl: BO-nePBblx, 3a HeCKOJIbKO JIeT JP TOrO
BPeMellII, Korna 6blJIII cOCTaBJIeHbl LOKyMeHTbl,-̲BH"IMo,
nPm npmeMe HacJIeUcTBa MIIxaIIJIa AHnpeeBHIla BeJIo3epCKoro 155, BO-BTOpblx B nePIIo4 0。OPMJIeHm Ⅱ0m enmIIx
moKVMe,HToB 156.
Ha nepBoM II3 3TIIx sTanoB npII BacIIJIHHI'IBaHoBHIIe
H aXO皿JIcH AbFIK Bac皿砿 ⅡOJIMaTOB, KOTOPblii CO6IiPaJI
OTH OCH皿yIocH K Tfl>K6aM ZoKyMeHTaUIIIo 157. KaK IoKa:blBaJIocb Bblme, BacIIJI噸noJIMaToB 6blJI npHcTaBJIeH K Ba-
cIIJIHIOHBaHoBHqyBCKOPenocJIenPll|coe八Hl.Iel-IHHTBepH,
T. e. B KoHne l485 -HaIIaJIe l486 r., Korna BaclIJI砿noJIy-
1IIIJI BeJIHKoKHH>KecKIIik TRTyJI II KocTpoMy. npaKTHIIecKafI
peaJIII3aU" XyxoBHoM MIIxaIIJIa AHIpe"IIIIa, HaIIaTaH,
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KHH3Io>, TBepb, oH nocJIaJI npyroro #cBoero cblHa, To>Ke
150 JIBqePenHIIH.yKa3:"q.,I1.2, CTP、238, 308.
l51 ACSI'1, T、11, M 290, cTp. 225, ". 14.
152 TaM >Ke lI cTp. 591.
153 TaM >Ke, cTp. 591, 593.
154 '"3iX: I&1,Wi ", 39; AC3m, T- l,̲"624, 628, ,643,"9; TJ.
M 336-338,̅418, 419, 421; T III} " 25L 26, 46, 4" (rP: p 49Il.),"
155 AC91'i, T. 11, Nb 285, cTp、191; Nb 290, cTp. 212, 215, 216, 221,
222,225Ke,'
cTp204,
289,
290,̲cTp.̲244.226.
Nb
Nh
206;
l56TaMンKe,Nb289,cTp、204,206;Nb290,CTP、244.
157 TaM >Ke, M 285, 286, 290, cTp、2111, 215, 216m且p.
50
《BeJTHKoroKHH3",JIJYHo(i)oI)MJIeHIIHnl)MeMa6eJIo3epCKOrO
HacJIe八CTBa, Bbl3blBaBmel、o peBHIIBble IIyBcTBa y AHnpeFI
yrJI皿Koro. npll ccblJIKe Ha pe山eHlif! cel)"liHbl 80-x rOioB,
me旦皿He oT HMeHH BacIM", aBTopbl loKyMeHToB HaIIaJIa
90-x ronoB cTapaTeJIbHo 3aMeHHJIIi ero B6JIHKoK1ImKecKHii
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n」pHcoe41IHeHHylo TeppHTopHIo. CynH no ToMy, '[ITo HBaH III
OTMeHHJI MIIOrHe )13 erO peme|H" 158, OH 3八eCb He 6blJI na>Ke
Cymbeii BblCmeii IIHCTaHUlM.
BTol)IIIIHoe npe6blBallMe BacHJIIIH liBaHoBHLIa |Ha Be-
JIoo3ePe oTHogiTcH, nO Bceii BePOHTHoCTI1, K nePliOAy nOcJIe
JIIIKB"aUlM yrJIIJUKorO KHH>KecTBa, T. e・K KoHLIv 1491-
l492rr.CaMoynopflnoIIeHIIe3eMeJIbHblx八emBBeJIO3ePcKOM KPae HaxO""CH B HecOMHeHHoii CBfl3II c nPHcoe"HeHHeM COCe4Hero yl、J1 I'IuKOI、O VIeJTa.
PaHee Mbl nOKa3aJIII, IITO nPHCOe八HHe l冊Ie yr・JII皿Ko-Mo-
)KaicKoroK">KecTBam3MeHIiJTopoJIbBaclIJIIIRBTBep・
CKoii 3eMJIe. Tenepb Mo>KHo yToIIHIITb 3ToT Bonpoc. OT 7000
(ceHTH6pH l491 - aBrycTa l492 E) He coxpaHiiJIocb KaKIIx-
皿6PcB皿eTeJIbcTBonpaBaxBacIIJIHHBoTHomeHIMTBepCKoH 3eMJIH, 3aTO HMeIoTcH IaHHDIe, xa'paKTepH3ylo皿He erO
npHLIacTHocTb K pa360py 3eMeJIbHblx TmK6 B̅ KOtTpoMcKoM
ILPMe(ynoMJJHyTaHyKa3HaflrpaMoTaCBMHbHHy 159)II Ha
BeJIoo3epe(paccMaTpHBaeMbleHcTo[IHHKII) .HAnpamHBaeTcH
BblBo4,
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npHcoe"IHeHHH
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TaM >Ke, JYb 290, cTp. 222, 225, 226.
TaM zKe, T. 111, Nb 244.
Bo3Mo>KI!9no3TQMy,IITo̲ MoHeTblTBepcKoronl)oIIcxo>KneH:"c HaA・
nHcbIo《KHfl3b
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MoHeTbLmo l547 r., cTp. 55, Nb 331-Z@32, cTp. 80, Nh 447; cp. ofl >K e.
"BenpeBHePYgEKIIeXeHbrII,̲cTpL.384)PTiIocIITcIIKndpiI6八vMe氷一
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OblJI nO#<aJIOBaH THTyJI BeJIHKOrO KHH3H Bcefl PyCレ1 (A. OpemHH-
K o B. nBe npeBHepypcKlie XeHbrII, cTI). 384) . H6 no6JIe l 497 r・Mo
HeTbl c Ha旦皿cblo "KHH3b Bac"e HBaHoBHill," HE Mor狐イⅡoHBHTIンcH1
TaK KaK B l498 r. BacHJIHii 6blJI B onaJIe lI MoHcTbl IIeリeKaHmJI,B
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1493 r. oTnpaBwI BacIIJIMFI B TBepb, Ho 。aKTIIIIecKH JIHml, B
POJIII KHH3H KamHHcKoro. TaKIIM o6pa30M, 3aXep>KaTbcH Ha
BeJIoo3epe Bacmmiit Mor MaKcHMyM 'Io HaIIaJIa l493 r. !63
B nePBoM ToMe ACali nloKyMeHTb! Nb 582-595 (JBe
nPaBble rPaMOTbl, XBa CyJHblx CIIHCKa m l l nOK、ノIaJHblx CymHblX C皿CKOB )八aTHPoBaIIbl l495-1499 rr., nocKoJIbKy B
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KHH3Io BacIIJIHIo I/IBaHoBHqy, KoToporo H3八aTeJIII OTOIKnecTBJIflIoT c B. I'I. naTpHKeeBblM, IIMeBmIIM 60FIpcKoe 3BaHHe
ByKa3aHHbl向nPoMeIKyToKBpeMeHII164.
B JpKyMellTax JYb 583-594 B KaIIecTBe cylbll bliryPII・
PyeT O八Ho H To )Ke JIImo - AHnpeih nepeJIemHH, a o6'beK-
TaMH TH)K6bl HBJIHIoTcH cnopHble 3eMJIH 3aJIeccKoii H Bepe30BcKoA BoJIocTeii KocTpoMcKoro ye3,Ⅱ{a. CJIe40BaTeJIbHo,
BCe aTH且OKyMel-ITbl OTHOCHTCH K OnHOMy CPaBHHTeJIbHO y3-
KoMy xpoHoJIorHIIecKoMy oTpe3Ky. Bce neJIa 6bmHHaIIaTbI
nOw<rPaMOTe>HJIHくCJIOBy>>BeJIHKorOKHH3H(HBaHalll),
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BeJIMKOrO KHH3兜》, BblcJIymHBaJI )Ke nleJIO Ka班且blH Pa3 KHH3b
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XbHKa OJIemKH Be306pa30Ba. B IIeTblpex IoKyMeHTax
(Nb 585, 587, 590, 59 1 ) cKa3a,Ho, IITo KHfl3b BacHJI戒mBaHoSTHx MoHeT Ha八o npH3HaTb oceHb l490 - oceHh l497 rr.,̲ 60JIee y3KHMH H HaH60JIee BepoHTHblMH - ocGHb l490 - Qce旧I」 1491 rr.
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na BacIIJIIrit, kax<eTM, y)Ke HE BenaJI KOcTpoMoii (ACSH, T. 111.
IM 245).
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ByeTnpBoJIbHoHeo6blqHaH八ⅡH
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BoJIoUKHxKHH3eiinonbITK3 yCTaHOBIITb TeCHbIiiKOHTaKT CEJIIIHTeJIbHeUl!IMnyj<onlitlMJbeO・
naJI6M - TpomUe-CeprlleBbIM MoHacTbIpeM (ACeli, T. I, M 572) .
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TopblMnaBaJlyKh3aHIIHBaclIJ1,llii,dTHocflTcfIKBecHel493r.(ACSI4,
T. II, cTp. 246, npHM K Nb 290) .
164 ACSH, T. I, cTp. 494, npHM. K JVb 595.
52
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nOCKoJIbKy Bce HcCJIeXyeMble nOKyMeHTbI HaulIIHalOTcH
CO ccblJIKII Ha <rPaMOTy> IIJIII <<CJIOBO>
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216 TaM >Ke, cTb. 223:
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I/i. m. CMIIpHoB H B HaIIaJIe 50-x ToIoB XX B. A. A. 3HMHH
cIIHTaJIH, 'ITo 3aroBop l497 r. RBJIHJIcH nporpeccIIBHblM JBH>KeHHeM XeTeii 60JIPcKIIxH且bHKoB, HanPaBJIeHHblM nPOTIIB
cl,IJI 6oflpcKoik peaKUMIII, rpymmPOBaBmHXCfl BOKPyr jlMHTplIH-BHyKa '. B JIeTonHcHx yIIacTHIIKIL3alOBopa nleiMcTBIITeJIbilo Ha3BaHbI neTbMH 60HpcKIIMII, a B ryceB npJIroe BpeMH
PaccMaTPlIBaJIcHB皿ITepaTypeBKaIIGcTBecocTaBHTeJIHCyne6HIIKa l497 r., me BonJIoTIIJIIIcb neHTpaJIII3aTopcKHe TeH-
neHUmH BeJIIIKoKHfl)KeCKohⅡOJI HTH KH.OJHaKo o6a apryMeHTa 6blJIH nOXBePrHyTbl CePbe3110ii KPIITHKe B TPynax
H.C. JIypbe, J1. B. qepenlIMHaHⅡPyrlIx IICcJIenOBaTeJIeh.
H. C. JIypbe nepBbl曲ⅡoKa3a@II, tlTo MHellHe o ryceBe KaK
cocTaBIITeJIe Cynte6HIIKa ocHoBaHo Ha HenpaBHJIbHoM HoHIi-
MaHIIII oIHoro HeFIcHoro MGcTa B TImOrpa巾CKOit J'GTOll',ICl,I 2.
IⅡ,し1.C M M I) H o B. KJIaccoBaFI 60Pl)6fI B MocKoBcK|oM I,OCyJIap|CTBe
B I,IeI),BohnoJIoBIme XVI B.くIIpo6.71eMbI IIcTo1)m1,1o'Kal咽TaJIHc'rllL,ecK,ix o5皿ccTB>, 1935, JWb 9-10, cTp. 81; oⅡ》K e. PeUeH3IIH Ha
KHwʻI、yK.B. Ba3PI@neBWqa《BHemlMH IIoJIHT14Ka pycc,Koro UeHTpaJII130|BaHHorO rOlCynlaPCT旧鋤,一《BoInpocbl l{cTopl州》, 1952, Nb ll, cTp、142
143; A. A. 3 II M II H. PeUeH3HH Ha KHIfry JI. B. 'IePerIH]旧a 4<PyccKI,Ie
(ieo"JIbHble apxIIBbl XIV-XV BeKoBJ>, q. 2.《CoBeT℃KaH Kl畑r”,
1952, Nb 4, cTp. 66-67.
2H.C・JI y P f; e H3 mcTOPmm nOJIII1IIqecKOii 601)I'6b: nPm HBaHe lll=
くy(IeHble ̅33mlcKH [J1ry],, Nb 80 CePIIFI nc'ro1)MIIGcIMx HayK, Bbln. 10.
J1., 1941, cTp. 90-91.
79
ToIIKy3peHIIFIJIypbeno旦及ep>KaJI几B.I-lepenHIIH3.I,yceB,
cOrJIaCHO HcCJIenlOBaHHHM JIyPbe H I-IePenHIIHa, HHKaKOl.0
oTHomeHHH K cocTaB"eHIIIo Cyne6HHKa He HMeJI.
C. B. BeceJIoBcKIIii ( 1 939 r.) HoKa3aJI, IITo ryceBbl npoHCxo,IHJIH H3 3HaTHOrO POna 60叩瓜o6pblHcKIIx, oTeU
B. ryceBa EJIII3ap cJIy班HJI yneJIbHblM KHH3bHM, a HeKOToPble nPyme BImHble yIIaCTHHKII 3arOBoPa HBJIHJIHCb noTOMKaMH H3MeJIbIIaBmmx yneJIbHblx KHH3eii 4.
PaccMaTpHBaH 3aroBop l497 r. KaK oJKHo H3 cJIenlcTB"
H3MeHeHIIH B3alIMOoTHomeHHii Me)KJy BeJIHKOKIIfDKecKOii
BJIacTblo H 60HpcTBoM, C. 6. BeceJIoBcKIIii c[IHTaJI, IITo ry-
ceqcToBapIImaMI]<rloHeocTopo)KHQcTIIIIJIHH3no6y)K八e-
HHH
KaPbePbl
BMe皿aJIIICEL
B
ceMeiHoe
neJIo
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KHH3H> 5. TaKHM o6pa30M, aBTop Ho cymecTBy oTKa3aJIcJI oT
BblJICHeHHH CoUHaJIbHblx nPHIIHH H IOJIIITHIIecKIIx UeJIeh3a-
roBopa l497 r., xoTH H BImeJI B HeM npoflBJIeHHe HenPBoJIbCTBa <CJIy)KHJIOrO KJIacca)' (60HPCTBa) POCTOM caMOnleP》KaBHH.
H. C. JIypbe, nonp6Ho C. B・BeceJIoBcKoMy, 06paTHJI
BHIIMaHHe Ha pon<oBHTocTb ryceBa ( 1 941 r.) 6. no MHeHHIo
aBTOPa, B nePBOhⅡoJIoBIIe 80-x ronPB XV B. ryceBく6blJI
nPeXCTaBHTemeM 。eO"JIbHOrO 6JIOKa, nblTaBmerOCH nPIIBJIeIIb TBepb Ha cBoIo cTopoHy>> 7;《…巾a KTHIIecKI'Ie naHHble
o BJIa瓜HMHPe ryCeBe COBePmeHHo onPOBePralOT B3rJIHI Ha
HerO KaK CToPoHHHKa caMonlepJKaBIIH> 8.B cTaTbe, Bblme八一
mek B l948 r., H. C・JIyPbe yKa3aJI Ha nOJIHTHIIeCKHe CBH31I
Co。bH cくKHH>KHqeM-3MIIrpaHToM> Bac. MHx. BepeiicKHM
H Ha oTcyTcTBIIe XocToBepHblx H3BecTIIiM o cBH3H EJIeHbl
c
6oHpaMH 9. B pa6oTax l941 II 1948 rr. H. C・JIyPbe pa3BIIJI
aHTIITe3y
TPanllIUIIOHHo曲 KOHneⅡnHH 3aroBopa
l497 r.
B JIIITepaType, nHcaJI oH, Mo)KHo IIacTo BcTpeTHTb yKa3aHHe, IITo Co。bH H BacHJIHii 6blJIH oKpy>KeHbI ,mBopHHaMH, a
3几B. II e p e n ll lI II. PyccKIIe *eo"JIbHble apxHBbl XIV-XV BeKoB,
411. 2. M., 1951, cTp. 294.
戸C. B. BeceJIoBcKH曲. BJIa"IMHp ryceB - 'cocTaBHTeJIb Cynle6HIIKa
︒l497 rona.KHcTQPIitlecKHe 3amlcK", T.
5,
cTp
31-47; cl).
6H. H. C M H p H o B. yKa3. pen., cTp. 143, IIpHM. 2.
7C. B. BeceJIoBcKIIit.yKa3. coIl.,cTp.47.
8月.C・JI y p b e. yKa3. co'l., cTp. 91.
︒raM )Ke, cTp. 92; cp. J1. B. II e p e n H ![ H. yKa3. coI1,,W.2, cTp. 301.
︶H. C. JI y p b e. yKa3. coII., CTp、91.
f1. C. JI y p b e. nepBble H八eOJIOrlI MOcKOBcKOro C8MoneP)Ka|BIIH.《yqeHble 3aml,ICKII JIrnII HM.A、Ⅲ. repUeHa>, T. 78 Ka*e,mpa HcTo"H CCCP. JI., 1948, cTp. 96-97.
80
EJIGHa ll nMIITpIIii - 60HpaMII:《①aKTbI HoKa3blBaloT o6pal・Hoe> '0.
K. B. Ba3IIJIeBHLI co皿acIIJIcH c H. C. JIypbe B ToM, IITo
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⑪
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10 H. C. JI y p b e.H3 11cTopHH HoJIIITIIIIecKo曲60pb6bl..., cTp、91.
l l K. B. 6 3 3 1I JI e B M [I. BHelllII" noJIIITIIKa Pyc|cKoro neHTPaJIM30BaH-
lioro rocyZIal)cTBa. BTol)am noJIoBIIIIa XV BeKa. M" 1952, crl). 364.
12 @Il. B I-I G I) ell H Ii l{. yKa3. coLI., IL 2, cTp. 318.
1,』TaM )Ke, cTp. 303.
l4 TaM >Ke, cTp、294.
15 A A. 3 11̅M II II. OcHoBIIblG III)o6J1GMb! pe*opMalAIIoHHo-ryMaHIIcTII【IecKoro 4B|II2Kel・11M B PoccIIH B XIV-XVI BB.くl'ic1oPIIH, qJoJIbKJIop.
McKVccTBo cJIaB>IH|cKIIx HaponpB>,. 10K.Ⅲa4bI COBGTCKOH八GJIera皿】1.
Vルle>KnlyHaPO八Hblil c'be3m cJIaBHcToB (Co"fl, ceHTH6pb l963) . M,
1963, cTp. 106; oH >Ke・O HoJIHTH【lecKIIx npe瓜ⅡocbmKax Bo3HI1KHoBeⅢllH ▲
pI)VccKoro a6coJIIoTIM3Ma.《A6coJIIoTIi3M B PcccIIII (XVIIXVIII BB.)》M., 1964, cTp. 36.
lJ A. A. 3 IIM Ii H. OcHoBHble npo6.JIeMbl..., cTp. 1061071oH >Ke.Ono.Ⅲ、。}iLIec剛Ixnl〕e且ⅡocI>lJIKax..., cTI). 37.
l' A A 3 M M IiH. OcHo:BIIIJIe llpo6JIeMbI…, cTp. 105 0H )Ke.Ono皿TmLIecKMx npeユnocbIJIKax.,., cTp. 34.
6
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Cyne6HIIKa) 6blJIa paccMoTpeHa JIHmb nePBaH qacTb nonrQTaBJIIIBaeMoro KoXeKca, Becb )Ke Cynie6HHK B neJIoM 6blJI
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1L
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Ee,9 n ell lvan theQreat oI MoscowLondon, 1961, p 346-347
Q UeCejIOlicKHil yKaa Coq" CTP 4Z
C. JI y p b e. neDBble ll八eoJIor;1..., cTp. 97-98, 106.
82
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cT6HJI B. rycbB 21 TaKIIM o6Pa30M, 3Xecb 3aroBop pacUeHIIBaeTcR KaK 。opMa 60pb6bl npoTIIB KoHKpeTHoro HoJIIITIIIIeCKOrO MePOnPmHTMI BeJIHKorO KHH3H: nPHcTyII K I旧凡aHHIO
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iJIacTm botbbm!!ee cbIHaBacmJImfIHaZIe>KXb!HaocJIa6JIeHIIe UeHTPa皿3au皿HyKPenJIeHMe 。eOXaJIbHo・ynleJIbHorO
21 JI. B. LIepenIIIIH. yKa3. coI1.,可.2, cTp. 308. Cp. Bo3pa>Kel・Iwl
A. A. 3mMIIIla (<<CoBeTcKaH KHIIIra)', 1952, J1. 4, c'『p、67)
22 JI. B. LI e p e n H ;I H. yKa3. coII., [1. 2, cTI).294.
23 n0'm aTOii JIoMKOii aBTOP nOnPa3yMeBaeT <<ylIIIIITo>KeHHe MeJIKIIx y,meJIoB, orPamlIIeHIIe lIMMyHIITGToB I{ cHcTelIbl KoPMJIeHHII, nOIITPI〜、O舟
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24 K.B.Ba3H・JIeBIIII・yKa3. COII., cTp. 365-370.
26 TaM )Ke, cTP. 369-370.
83
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30 1bid., I). 356.
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32 nCP,ノ1,T、VI, cTp. 41, 241; T. VIII, cTp. 232-233; T・XII, cTp. 244;
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33 ABTop npocTo roBopHTくa conditi,on> (J・Fennell. Op cit., p. 345>
34 J.Fennell.Op・cit., l). 345.
35 peUeII3''F' H. C・JIyl)1,C Ha K'II'ry mj・K. d)GHHCJIa <<I,an the Ol℃at oi
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40 J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 345.
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45 Aq)3IIX, qJ, Nb 1 17, 259, 308, 309 (CrP 362) ;̲ACSILI ,I, Nb 619;
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rI)aMOTaX
Cy"
ZIM!ITPlifL
HBallO911qa)
4(' B oLHoih !13 cBoIIx pa60T A.A. 311MH1.I BbIcKa3aJI npem110.「Io>KeHIle,
qTo 4kopoHauIIfI B 1498 n ZIMIITpliII IjpaHoBMqa 23Haqa"na noJIIjoe nllli-
"H,lig"ero nl)aB Ha TBepb:' (A A 3 !:! M II H OcHoBHI,le npo6JIeMbl""
cTp・105); o,nlla]<o B c'raTbe, B1'1山e皿Ieii nO31IIee, 3TO nPeJ、nOJIO)KellHe
cIIhTo(A.A.3IIMHH・OnoJ1MITIIIIGcKMxnpeJInocblJIKax…,cTp34)
neiicTBilreJ1bHo, UaHHblx o nel)enajie mMmpMIo TBepli」 }IcT(IWIliax
11eT.nPaBRa,BくqIIHe>,BeHLIaHI畑ⅡMIITPH知nocmTcKynoroX.280ro56i)iITch, ilT6 0H 6bm nO)l、BaH̲<、KeCTB9W Eo"2皿IMepCKblM II
MCCKoBcKblM II HOBropomKHMHT*epcI<MM' (fl. C <rI y p b e. Iイユeo←
JIo!rIwecKaH 60pb6a…., 6Tp. 385) OmaKo H C J1ypb(' He oTHocIII 3ToT
CnIIcOKKLIIIcJIyOTI)a>KawOIIlJⅨ nepBoHaqa。nbHylop"2KU1.11o.KI)oMe
Toro, 3.mecb nPIIBenel( TwITyJI, a He nePe:leHb l)eaJIWo nepemell山しIx K
nMITl)ilio o6"iacTeiO6bl4Ho, 「oBopmoBeHqaHIIM qMIITp"lJig9IWki! VI<a3blBaIOT TO&mbKO ,mBe TGpPIIToPmambHble aTI]HqynI堀,巾IIrypHpyIolllIieBBeJIH'KOKHmKeCKOMTMTyJIe: fBQJIO皿M eP'CKHⅢHMOCKOBCKHH》
J
u
11ʻⅢⅢ《MOCKOBCKmiIIHOBrOPOIICKHわ.
norol.
B>KG2803811McT|IIoBaHIMe
U
H3 BeJIIIKoKHfI)KecKOro TIITyJla n()皿JIo naJIbme. B 及師IJIoMaTHLIecKHx
4oKyMeHrax l498 E HBaH III BblcTynaeT, KaK M IIpe"21̲̲gllIIMI
Ee.miKOrO KH,13m <<BOIIO"MePCKOrO l! MOCKoBCKOrO [I HoBoroPOJIcKOrO [1
ncKoBcKorol1T巾c I) c K o r o !1 ̲̲IoToI)cKoTo H 、6oJIral)cKoro 1i lillJJIx"
、
("C6 PllO", 'L 35, cTI)250, 254. Pa3P皿Ka MOf').
89
r o c y n a p JI M H> 47. He cJIenyeT, KoHeIIIIo, a6coJIIoTH3IIPoBaTb 3TO BbICKa3blBaHI1e, nOcKOJIbKy OHO COXeP>KHTCH B He-
naTHPOBaHHOM HCTOIIHHKe,
I-IO TaK
HJIHHHaIIe,
KOPOHalIIIH
旦MIITPHH-BHyKa IIMeJIa, no-BH皿MOMy, HCHO BblPa)KeHHylO
aHTHyneJIbHyIO
HanPaBJIGHHOCTb
H
O3Ha[IaJIa
ToP>KecTBO
CaVOnleP)KaBHH
4a
lLMIITPmii-BHyK
6bIJI
nOJIIITmrlecKOii
。Iiry-
POII HOBOrO THⅡa. Ero nocJIeloBaTeJIbHoe Bo3BblmeHHe Ha
BceM nPoTH>KeHHm90-x roloB (no KpaihHeii Mepe, c l492 r.)
H|e COnPOBo>KnaJIIO|cb nPenPCTaBJIeHIIeM GMy KaKHX-JIII60 3eMeJ1b B yneJI 49. BHoJIHe ecTecTBGHHo, IITo IIMeHHo oH oIKa-
3aJICH y TPOHa PHnPM c HBaHOM III nocJIe Pa3rPoMa nPoyneJIbHOrO 3arOBOPa.
OnHaKo HeJIb3FI nyTaTb nepBoHaulanbHblii 3aMblceJI, npHBenmlIit K KOPOHalII'III, C ee o6BeKTHBHblMIi nOCJIe4CTBIIFIMI1.
nOHBJIeHIfe BToPOrO 60JIee IIJIH MGHee HaneJIeHHOrO PeaJIbU
HoII
BJIacTblo
BeJIHKOrO
KHH3H
eXBa
JIII
MorJIo
B
Te'IellIIe
CKOJIbKO-HII6y八b nPonpJI>KHTeJIbHOro BPeMeHII cHOCo6CTBoIBaTb ,pocTy caMoLep>KaBIIFI. BblJIo 6bl MoXepHH3aUme曲Ⅱpen-
noJIaraTb nJIH KoHUa XV - HaIIana XVI B cyry60 *yHK皿o"JIbHbIii xaPaKTeP BJIaCTII nMHTP" KaK COnPaBHTeJI兄
HBaHa lll. B ycJIoBIIflx e皿e >KHBOih ymeJIbHOh瓜eiiCTB HTeJIbHIOcTII POJIb BT,oPorO BeJIIIKOro KHFI3H MOrJIa 6blTb ToJIbKO
。yHK皿oHaJIbHo-TeppIITopIIaJIbHoih, T. e. caMo npllo6meHIIe
,LIMHTPHH K rOcynaPCTBeHHOMy yrlpaBJIeHHIo yンKe IIpe40npe47 Pa3pHIKa MoFI.《Supplementum ad Historica RLIssiae Monumenta>D.
Pei[opoli, 1848, M 121, S 312 ("TIIpyeTcH npeano.molKIITeJIbHo
l498 romoM); H. C・JIypbe・nepBble皿GoHorm..,, cTp. 97; LEKUB,
2-,te Abt, B(l. 1,,JMb 1023, S 772 ("TIIpyeTcH BI)eMeReM Me no3皿ee
aBrycra l500 r.). Ha nocIIGMIee li3zIaHMG KaK Ha iIcToIIHIIK cBe4eHI1ii o
JHIHa'cTHIJecKoii 60pb6e B PoccIIII KoI[Ua XV ・- IIa[IaJIa XVI B. MoG
BHHMaHHe川O6e3HO O5I)aTIMa A.几Xopol''KeBIi[1.
49月.C. JIy l) 1] e. nel)BI)IG IIJGoJIoF、I,I..., cTp. 97-98; o l, >K G・I/heoJIor}1 .
'lecKaFI 6ol)b6a..., cTl)、384-385; HA. Ka3aKoBa I1 H. C.JIVDL,e.
AHTIイ巾eonaJIpHble epeTHIIecKHe nB}I>KeHIIfl Ha P)'cM XIV - Haula&ma
XVI BeKa. M.几, 1955, cTp・194:Cp. JT. B. LlepenHIII-i. yK23・colI.'
'J. 2, cTp. 304-305 1I c&meX.: A. A. 3 i,I M II I-I. O.cHom化「e npo6JIeMbl.̲,
Q、p. 105; o H )K e. O Do@JIIIT'II1ecKMIx npeノmocbmKax…, cTP. 34-35.
49 TaKoe oTHo山eHIIe l/IBaHa llI K nMIITPIIIO MOr、!IO 6MTb CnelCTBHeM
PI,meiiHoji 6JIII30cTM Me>Kny rpynnoii EJieHbI Bo,mo皿aHKH H BeJmKHM
KH兄3eM・BocnIITaHHblii llaHユeHx KepeTIIKOB>, HMI'ITI)", BO3MO>KHo,
6brJI MeHee npoHHKHyT ynteJIDHoii ncIIxOJIorl,Ieii, uleM BdcIIJIIIii, II no3To4
My 60JTbme rOmlJIcFI Ha pOJIb cO11paBIITe@JIFI BeLIIIKOI、o KIiH3FI. HaM Ka.
>KeTcH nPaBIIJIbHblM Te31IC H.C.̲JIypbe O KPynHoM BMane ePeTIIKOB
B MeQJOirHIO caMOJIeP>KaBⅢ兄(H C.!JI y p b e. nepBble皿eoJIor,11"、
c'Ip. 1O6; cp. I1poTIIBoHoJIo>KHyIo ToIIKy jPGIIⅡ列 Ⅲ. II. CMIIpHoBa 《BoIIPoclJI McToPHIi>, 1952, Nb l l , cTp. 143, ilpHM 3) .
卯
AeJIHJIO Pa3MeJKeBaHIIe nOJIHoMo'IHii ne,Ⅱa H BHyKa B TePPHToPHaJIbHOM oTHOmeHHII.
CoxpaHIIBmmecHrpaMoTb]
noKa3bIBaIoT,qTon<MMTpmIo
6blJIHnonBeXOMcTBeHHDI
CJIenylO皿He
ye31bI:
Mo)KeT
OblTb
(xoTH oTmoXb He HaBepHHKa) , BoJIoroXcKIMii 50; KpoMe̲Toro,
BeJIO3ePCK" (B巾eBpaJIe l498 r.Z m nos皿ee 52), nepe-
cJIaBJIb:3aJIecckIIX(B̅MapTel498r.53),KocTpoMcKoii(naTbl
HeT 54) , Be)KenlKIIi (B 7007 r") .
B3TO >Ke BPeMH IIBaH III nPOBO瓜HJI aKTIIBHylo 3eMeJIb-
HyIO HOJIIITIIKy B ye3"x C)gaJIbCKOM , (H3BeCTIIH MaH
1498 r. 56 II 7006 r. 57) , IOpbeB-noJIbcKoM ("Tbl HeT, npen-
noJIo>KIITeJIbHo B 1497/98 r. 58) , KoJIoMeHcKoM (naTbl HeT,
npe皿oJIo>KIITeJIbHoB1497/98E59),HInKeropoXcKoM(BoKTiI6pe l498 f 60) , MocKoBcKoM (B IeKa6pe l498 E 61 H B
7007 m).
OIIeB皿ⅡO, PaHbme npynIx TePplITOp砿瓜MIITPl戒ⅡoJIy-
IIIIJIB ynPaBJIeHHeBeJIO3ePcK城 Ⅲ(npe皿OJIO>KIITeJIbHO )
BoJIoroIcKHik ye3Xbl・Bo3Mo)KIIo, nepeXamJa Hx eMy cocToFIJIaCb He3anOJIrO nP o。II皿aJIbHoii onaJIbl BacIIJII1H 62 H B
○
KaKOi-TO MePe, no-BI皿HMOMy, B CHJIy nPeTeH3HHHOCJI enHerO
Ha 3TH o6JIacTH 63. HenapoM IbflK enpp CTpoMwIoB B
50 AC31'i, TJ11, Nb 279 0LHaKo y Ha|c Her yBePeFIIo(TI{ ̲B ToM, IITo
ソ
ⅡO皿MCaBm'IIirPaMOTy@<KHfl31)IMIIT1)CilllBalIOBIJIIb》ユeiicTBIITembllo
且MIITI)mii-BHyK. Mo)KeT 6bl'rb, rPaM、OTa OTMOCMTCH I< 。 aBrl!cTy-Cell-
Tfl61)lO l499 r. II (bIIryplipyeT B He曲且PyrOii nMIITI)IIii - TPeTHii CbIH
HBaHa lll oT 6paKa c Cod)be曲ⅡaʻⅡeo,Ⅲo正
1
5I AC311, T. II, Nb 416。
52 A3MX, [1. 1, JYb 308; cAI. TaK>Ke JYb 309, cTp. 262.
5; TaM )Ke, Nb 117.
5{ TaM )Ke, 259.
55 ACam, T. 1, JYb 619.
56 TaM >Ke, T・II, Nb 494 (yn.: AC3II, T. 111, cTp. 479, rp. 53).
57 TaM )Ke, T. l1, Nb 491, 493.
58 TaM >Ke, T. I, Nb 615.
59 TaM )Ke, T. 11, Nb 414
60 TaM )Ke, T. 111, JYb 305.
6' Am3IIX, L1. 1, Nb 32.
62 rpaMOTa,KacaIoIllafIcH BoJIocTH qaBIIb[ B 3aKy6eHbe BoJIoroggKoro
』
V63", H6xo"JIa oT IIBaHa lll, Ho 6blJTa no皿HcaHa《KH”eM妙且MHTbmeM HBaHoBI'1[IeM.Ⅲ.A・roJIy6UoB
pHeM
HBaHoBHtleM. H. A roJIy6UoB oTHocIIT
oTHocI{Tee
eeKE
Kc BI〕eMeHH,HenoBpeMeHm, ̲Heno-
cpeacTBeHH|O
nPe且mecTBoBaBmEMy
nO>Ka@JIoBaHIIIQ
HMFTPlIH
BeJIKKoKMAfecKIIM THfyJIoM (AC3I'I, T.I11, Nb 279) . 31 0 npenno.IIo>KeHIIe
HeJIb3fl PaCCMaTPllBaTb !IHaqe, KaK IOra"L
630Eo3Mo>KHblx.npeleH3IMHx]1Hane>""̲Bac]m順HCo*blfHaBeJIoo3epo cM.: J. F e n n ell.̲ OP・cit., p. 345; cp. A. A、3 H M II H. OcHoB-J
Hble nl)o6J1eMIJ1..., cTp. 106; o H )K e. O noJIIITHLIecKIIx IIPe,lnocI>IJIKax...;
cTp. 36
91
"oIIx npe"0>KeHIIHx Bac}IJIIIIo cBH3bIBaJI HJIaH Ha6era Ha
BoJIormy
H
BeJIoo3epo
Kli3panoiiil
c
HaJ
KHfI3eM
JMmfPmeME
U
BHy'KOM .
KoppHaUIIHIJMWpHfIcocToHJIacb4。eBpa"H1498r"Ho
e皿eB巾eBpaJIe l498 E (J(o IMH nocJIe 4 qiitJIa, MbI He dHa") nepeqIaBJIb-3aJIeccKMM ye3ZoM Bena" "<HH3b IODIiii
⑥
HBaHOBH可64,BTop"cblHHBaHallloT6paKacCo*beiilhale9Jor,KoTopgjiynepeCjaBJIb6bLimopyileH,B"mlio,cpa3y
nocJIeonaJIblBac皿Ⅲ兄BeJIo3epcKHih,nepecJIaBcKHMH̅Kdt
u
U
gTPOMcK'0IIye3nbIHBJIHJIHCb6bIBmeiicq)ePOjiBm呪'H1畑KHH3H
B a'cHJIHFI.
轡
瓜MIITPHHMOrnPenLHBMTbnPaBalIHaXPyrHeye3JLI,
BxoJJIBmHe paHee
B
[IIIcJIo
HoJBenoMcTBeHHblx
BaCHJIHIo
3eMeJIb. He 3TIjM JIII o6'bflcHHeTcH cTPeMJIe!HHe IIBaHa lII
yTBep"T. fBoii cyBepeHIITeT B HpoCJIaBJIe, me BacIIJI"
HMeJI
1496
B r.ⅡOJII-IOMOIII旧くrocy且a”>ウ?B
MapTe
l498r.
CnaccKmiFIpocJIaBcKlijiMoHacTbiP6IioJIy[lliJIoTLnMIi5̅Iii
u
>KaJIOBa"ylO rPaMoTy, cTaBIIBmylO Bce HaceJIeHMe MOHaU
CT・IPCKoH BOTqIIHbI, a TaK>Ke aPxmMa"pIITa m 6PaTHIo no八
oneKy ,H KoHTpoJIb BeJIIIKoKHH>KecKoro npHcTaBa C・OXHH-
WBa
(noJIIIHmlicy,ne6HbIxUeJIcnocTojoHHIIM"皿aM'I).
mHbIe
nPmCTaBbI
He
mMeJIII
nPaBa
<<HaMeTLIBaTBM"MM
BC皿" "9aTb Ha nopyKIi apxIIMaHnpIITa, cTapUeB II Kpe-
grbHH"HMeHHOBIeJIfIx̅HeiiTPaJIif3auHⅢnPHTH3aHIIII
且MIITPIIH
BeJIHKIIH
KHH3b
nOCTaBHJI
HoIKOHTPOJIb
cBOerO
U
。
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nPlETaBaBcIoBOTIIIIHyHamqoJIeeBJIIIHTeJIbIIoro̅BHPoCJIaB-
JIe CnaccKoro MoHacTbIpfl. rpaMoTa l498 r. orpalilitlII"",
nO-BH且HMOMy,IOPHC且HKⅡHIOPocToBcKOroaPxmenlICKOna:nP
1498r.HeBcTpegaeTcHrpaMoT,3aKpenJfHIo皿ⅢxⅡoncynU
⑪
HOcTb HaCTOHTeJIeH H MoHaxoB HpocJIaBcKIIx MoHaCTblpeii
PFJIHKoW̲K"3IO(BePOHTHO,HxCy皿JIapxHenHcKon)
Mepa
.
"aH31116bIJIaCir"ymiPoBaHa̅OcTPoioiiBHyrPHnOJIHTII。
IIeCKOH CHTyaUmHl498 r" Kor" npOTHBoHocT3B)IeHIie HHTePeCOB aPxHenHcKOna H MOHaCTblPH MorJIO ycIIJIIITb nO3HU I I H B e J I H KO r O K H H 3 H .
BTOM,qTOoTHOmeHIIHMe>KmyliBaHoMIIIIInMIITPmeM
Pa3"BaJIIIcb OTHIOnb He rJIa"O, CoMHeBaTbcH He nPIIx6"T-
gL TaK, nepexQI B cbepy BJI"H" nMHTpliH B"EMfo
Bepxa, KoTopblii npe""EJIHJI co60ii ilacTL EbiMjmi6f5
U
64 AC3I/1, T. 1, Nb 617.
051、nMンKe, T. 111, M216
92
yrJIH且Koro yXeJIa, eIBa JIH Bxo"IJI B nePBOHaulaJIbIII)Ie PacIIeTbl IIBaHa lll.
POCT nPeTeH3池瓜MHTPHH OTPa>KaeT SBOJIIo皿H ero
一
T H Ty J I a .
B
6oJIb皿HHCTBe
JIeToHIICHblx
cBonPB
rOBOPHTcFI,
IITO
ⅡMHTPHii 6blJI Ho>KaJIOBaH《BeJIHKIIM KHfl)KeHIIeM BoJIoAHMepcKIIM H MocKoBcKKM Bcea PycH》; B meTOHHcHoM PaCCKa3e O nePeMoIIHII BeHIIamiH OH HecKoJIbKO Pa3 Ha3blBaeT-
cHBeJIHKHMKHH3eMくBCefIPyCH》66.JIHmbBKPaTKHXcOo6meHHHx EpMoJIHHcKoi, TImorpa。cKoit, BoJIoroXcKo-nepMCKOii JIeTOnliceii H xPOHOrPaba OTCyTcTBylOT CJIOBa <BceH
PyCII), 67.B <<LIHHe)> HocTaBJIeHHH nMHTI)HA TpIDK"I IIMeHyeTCHBeJIHKHMKHH3eM<<BceJIPycH方68.
B JIHTepaType mHpoKo I)acnpocTPaHIIJIocb MHeⅡme o
npHcBoeHIM UMIITpHIo B 1498 r. THTyJIa BeJIHKorqKHH3fl
<<BceH Pycli>". Cy旦月ⅡO JIeTOIIIIcHblM Ii3BecTHFIM Ii <<qlIHy>>
BeHIIaHHH, OH II B caMOM neJIe 6blJI Ha3BaH nPH KOPoHa皿珊I
BeJIIIKHM KHH3eM <<BceH PyCH》.OJHaKo HoKyMeHTaJIbHbl ih
MaTePHaJI HoKa3blBaeT, IITO nMIITPlm CPa3y nocJIe noCTaB、neHHH Ha BeJIHKOe KHH>KeHHe noJIb30BaJIcH ToJIbKO TIITyJIOM
BeJIHKOrO KHH3H, HO He BeJIHKOrO KHH3H <<BCeH PycH>.
B rpaMoTax nepBblx MecflUeB 1498 r. B TIITyle BeJIIIKPro
KHH3H nMIITPHH IIBaHOBwIa HeT CJIOB《BCefl PyCH>D. 3TO
ⅡOnOJIHeHIIe nOHBJIHeTCH B 6e>KeUKOii rPaMOTe, BblnaHHoii
H'e paHbme ceHTH6pH 1498 r. 69, II B HeXaTMpoBa・HHoM 6eJIo3ePCKOM cynJHOM cHIIcKe, KOTOPblii Ha[IIIlIaeTcH cJOBaMH
《ⅡOrocynaPeBerPaMOTeBeJIIIKOI10KHH3HmMHTPeaIIBaHOBHII" H KOHIIaeTcH 。Pa30的《<H O ceM cyntba PeKcH AOJIo-
>KIITH rOCynaPH BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H (KaKoTO? - C K) BCea
PycH, a CTaPUy HrHaTblO rPaMOTy BeUeJI IIPJIO>KZTH nePenl
B6JIIIKHM KHFI3eM)' 70. EcJIH BecHoii l498 r. IIBaH III ynleJIHJI
60JIbmoe BHIIMaHHe TeppHTopHHM, 6blB皿mM HeKOrna B BenoMcTBe HBaHa H BacIIJIHFI HBaHoBmqeii (Cy3naJIbcKm曲,
66 nCPJI, T. 1V, u. 1 , Bblll. 2, cTp. 531 ; nCP几T、VI, cTp. 241-242;
T. V111, cTp、234-235; T. XII, cTp. 234-235; T. 20, nePBam noJIoBIIHa,
cTp. 366-368; T. 28, cTp. 330-331.
67nCPJI,T、22,cTl〕、513;T,23,CTP、1961T,24,CTI).213;T.26,cTI).291;
C. 0.皿MH且T. npo八o凡>KeHIie xPoHorpa(!a l)"aKumI] 1 51 2 rona.くしIcTopmIlec,KMii apxIIB>, 'r. V11. M., 1951, pTp. 273.
68 JI3AK, 1864 r.,BbIⅡ.IIICH6.,1865.,”no?KmHH,cTp、10,12,15;
<qTeHI1H OI'IJP)', 1883, KH. 1, [oT4.] 1, rTp. 36, 38. 0 <<LIIIHe> cM no4-
po6Hee:H.C・JI yl)be.Ⅲ,瓜eOJ1OrwIecKaH60Pb6a".,cTI)、384-387.
6リAC31'I, T. I, Nb 619.
70 A3HX, u. I, JMb 308, cTp. 257, 261.
93
HPOCJIaBcK".XC"bl)To
, nPHcBOeHHenMIITpmeMBoBToPoii
noJIoBIIHe
!498ETHTyJ1a
BeJIHKoroKHH3"、<BceHPycH》H
erO XaJIbHeHmHe TePPHTOPHaJIbHble nPeTeH3HH3aCTaBJIHJIH
HBaHalllycIIJIHBaTEcBOlinO3HuIIIIBHeHTPe,BMOCKOB-
cKOM ye3ne.
EaBrycTel498EMBaHIIIBbImaJI)KaJIoBaHHylorpaMo-
TyllyAoBy̲MoHacTblploHac.MapbHHoBBbl皿eropo八cKoM
ye3¥̲(HanOngJPe)TeKcT3TOrOnOKyMeHTaHec6xPaHHル
cH.BonHcli̲1755 E rpaMoTa onpeneJImeTcH KaK <<c"llaf!》
(Hecy皿MaH?),<<Ha,KpecTbHHIIHampoT[Iee>71Cl473rBblmeropon HaxoHIIJIcFI B cocTaBe BoJIoUKoro KHFDKecTBa 72.
BpeMfLerOnepexonaUpyKHBeJIMKoroKIIH3HToIIHoHelI3BecTHo.B¥、B.Ko6pHHBIJIcKa3aJInpennoJIo>KeHIIe,IIToBo3Bpa皿ellHe Bblmeropona B IIIIc,nO BeJIIIKOKHFI>KGCKIIx BJIaneHMii
oTHocMTcfl, cKopee Bcero, K 90-M ToXaM XV B., Korna co-
CToHJICFI nPyrOih o6MeH 3GMJIHMH Me>K4y HBaHoM III II BoJ10UKHMII KHFI3bHMI1 73. 06MeH 3ToT HMeJI MecTo B IIIoJIe
l497 r. 74 HaJIHLIme rpaMoTbl l'IBaHa lll aBrycTa l498 r. Ha
BblmerOPo4cKme BしmaneHHH DoKa3blBaeT, LITo nPe且noJIo>KeHHe
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81 TaM jKe, T・I1, Nb 300.
82 A(D311X, q. I, Nb 39.
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84 A3IIX, t1.1, Nb 32.
85 ACSH. T. 1, Nh 624.
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96 ACali, T. 111, Nh 52.
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TaM >Ke, T. 41, cTp、535.
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T. I, Nb 619).
113 nCPJI, T. 24, cTp. 214; T. 30, cTp. 139.
114 TaM >Ke, T. 26, cTp. 291; cp. T. 1V, [1. 1, Bbm. 2, cTp. 531; T. VI,
cTp. 43, 243; T. VIII, cTp. 236; T. XII, cTp. 248; T. 20, nepBa別ⅡoJIoB冊
Ha, cTp. 368; T. 23, cTp. 196; T. 28, cTp. 331.
115 TaM )Ke, T. 1V, II. 1, Bbln. 2, cTp. 531. BepoflTHo, nonaJT B ona,FIy II
A申. naTpIIKeeB (K,B. Ba3HJIeBH[I. yKa3.coII., cTp 370) .
102
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MiIoHa PHnoJToBcKaro Ka3HI1TM cMepTHHM IIoce[IGHHeM. KIIfl3H )Ke I'IBaHa lOpbeBIIIIa lI cblHa ero KHFI3FI BacHJIbH KocoBo
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I-IalIa...> 117
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COOTBeTCTBeHHO CBH3aHbl C Pea61IJIIITamleii >KGHDI II CblHa
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I'I. H. CMIIDHoB II B HaqaJ1e 50-x rOnpB A. A. 3HMHH, nplI-
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II rpyⅡnHPOBKy naTPlIKeeBblX - PHnOJIOBCKoTO nPenCTaBIITeJIHMHPeaK|皿IOHHOrO60HPCTBa,nPOTHIBIIBmeroCFIyKPenU
JIGHI冊O caMOmeP>KaBHOMI BJIaCTII.
HI-ITepecIIbl II y6e"ITeJILIIbl npBo,nLI I'I. Ii. CMHpHoBa B
noJIb3y JocToBepHocTII cBI'IneTeJIbcTBa CTeneHHoii KHIIrPI o
cBJI3" naTPlIKeeBBIX II PFITIoJToBCKOro c nMHTplIeM-BHyKoM 118.
0皿IaKO Bbl3blBaeT COMHeHIIe yTBeP>KneHレle aBTOpa,
IITO PaCnPaBa C naTPPIKeeBblMm II PHnOJIOBCKI1M <<nPenlllecTBOBaJTa OnaJIe...ⅡHMHTpHH>> ''9. EcJIH IIMeTb B B皿yo巾ⅡuHaJ1bnylo onaJIy l 502r., TO 3TO TaK, HO B JIIITePaTyPe
He 6blJIo VcTaHoBJIeIIo, IITo K 1499 r. IYpoH3o1llJIo巾aKTH可ecKoe
''6《y,CTIO>KCKIIi JTeTo|IIwI,CHIJIii CBO且》.M・JI., 1950, cTp. 100; K. B. B a.
3 HJIGB IIKI. yKa3. cotI., cTp. 371; J. Fennel l. Op. cit., p. 338.
ll7 nCP几T. 21, BTopaH no。JIoBHHa, cTp. 57|1-572.
118 H.I4. C M H p II o B. KJIaccoBaFI 60pb6a…, CTP、79-80; <<Bonpocb1 11(、・
Topml>, 1952, JYb ll, cTI). 142
1'9くBonpocbl PIcToplI", 1952, Nb l l, cTp、142.
103
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HOJIb30BaTb MaJIoJIeTCTBO BHyKa mBaHa lll, nlIMHTPHH, nJIH
3axBara gJIacTII B cBOH PyKH (B巾OPMe pereHTCTBa
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くHBaHIIIHeMOr,"mHeXOTeJI,KOHeqHo,nPoimBOnOcTaBJIHTb ce6R neTHM 60HpcKHM II HbHKaM, "JIHEmHMcH co"u
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cTPQmeJILcTBq UeHTPaJIH30BaHIIOro rOCy"PcTBa> 124
B1952r.A.A、3HMHH,BImHBnaTPHKeeBblxIIP兜ⅡoJIoB-
CKHX nPOTHBHIIKOB《ueHTPaJIH3'oBaHHoh HoJIHTHKIM H!BaHa
III>, 06'bHcHHJI IIx na,meHHe <<He cJIyIIaiiIHblMH BHemHenoJIH-
TIIIIecKHMHO6cTOHTeJIbcTBaMH…2̲a60Pb60iiHBaHalllnPoTHB PeakUHOHHorO 60HpCTBa> 125.
3aqIIHaTeJIeM
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nO3皿ero (Ho CpaBHeHHIo C JIeTOnHcHbIMH cBo"MII, me
l29 gBQIpqcbI HcTopli", 1952, M ll, crp l43.
W Z I'I C M " H o BKilaccoBaH 60pI;6a"" cTp 81
122 TaM. >Ke(QpMKaHaliH.i ̲ q M.C o JI o bb e B.HcTcpIIHPoccmm,
KH3 1, crp l400 - cm!:P M g o U qg b e̲BMcTopIIH Potcmm c npeB」
""XEpeyeH, KH. 111, JoMa 5-6. MJ96QA cT"3).
123 "yCTIO]KCKHii JIeTOHHCHblii CBO且》, cTp. 98-99; J・Fennell. Op. cit,
p. 350, note l.
124<Bonpocbl HcTopmm', 1952, Nb ll, cTp. l43.
125 "CoBeTcKaH KHmra>, 1952, Nb 4, CTp..67.
104
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nocemaJIHBWIbHonoTOproBblMXeJIaM.Bo3Mo)Kilo,LITonpH
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154
I<. B Ba3IIJleBIIq. yKa3・̲CoII,, cTp. 373. 3To npoTIIBopeIII1e B cxellp aBTopa OTMeTHJI y>KG H. H. CMwpHoB (<<Bonpo"I 1{cTOpw:', 1952,
Nb ll, cTp. 142)
55
1
《BgnpocbI HCTopm", 1952, Nb ll, cTp
56
1
J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 358-359.
57
1
l42-143.
K. B. Ba31IJIeBIIu・yKa3. coII., cTp. 373-374.
110
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159 1bid., l). 349.
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,UJIH oIIo3HaHHH BHoJI|He on,PeXeJIeH|Hoii nOJIHTIIIIec|Koit JIHHHH 162.
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l@Q J. F e n n e l l. Op. c・it., p. 350.
'61 1bidem.
162 A. H. K JI II 6 a H o B. Pe4)opMauIIoHHble ,nB11>Kell" B
XIV-nepBoM ̲noJIoBHHe XVI B. M., 1960, cTp. 219-220.
163 J.Fennell.OP.cit., p. 351.
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cTaBJfeHIieeMyBBeJIIIKoeKHH>KeHIIeHoBroponaHncKoBa
60JIbmIMHCTBo JIeTOⅡHcHblx cBonPB oTHOCIIT, KaK y)Ke roBO-
"JIocb, K 21 MapTa̲1499 rj75 3a Hen、 np gToro, 14 M4p:
fa l499 r" HBaH III BbmaJI rpaMoTy O 6ecnomJIHHHoM
U
npoBo3e BMocKByMIITponollllqbeiipbI6bI m3"yxceBep-
HLIX IOMoBHblX MOHacfblPei MIITPOnoJIIITa - BgCIfPeCeHbKord qepenoBeuKoro m HIIKoJIbcKoro c KoB>Kml76 B rpaMOTe巾HKcHPoBaJIIJcb Te )Ke nP"a nPOe3na, [ITO H B nP"-
mecTBVIomei rpaMoTe l496 r.177, ToJIbKo cQcTaB TepplITopHⅡ,dePe3KoTOPblePa3PemaJIcHnPoe34,6bmpacmlIpeH.
-
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172 A.A、3HM PI H. OcHoBHble npo6JIGMbl…, cTp. 106; o H )K e. O noJIPITHIIeCK}IX nPe且nocbIJIKax.,., cTp. 35.
173A.A、3IIMHII・OcHoBHblenpo6JIeMI〕1...,cTP.106,npHM.69;oH>Ke.
O rio"T"ecKmx npemocbmKax", eTp 35, npmM "
174A. A 3IIMHH・OcIIoBHble nl)o6JIeMbl..., cTp' 106-107; o H >K e
O HoJT,!,ITH[IecKHx IIpeⅡnocI,IJIKax..., cTp. 37.
175 HCPJI, T. 1V, w.,1, Bbln. 2, cTp. 531j T、VI,cTp、43, 243;T. V111,
"1 236-237;T. XII, cTp. 249; m ", nep¥HnoJIoBIIHa, cTp. 368;
T、21,BTopaHnoJIoBHHa,cTp、571;T、28,cTp、332.
176 Am3IIX,:q. 1, Nh 293; JI B II e p e ll II Il H. yKa3・COII., '1. 2, CTP. 224.
177 A3IIX, 11. 1, Nb 292.
115
8:
!
rpaMoTaanpecoBaJiacb《BJIyKoBeCb,、旦aHaycTb-meKcHbi,
na Ha y|CTb-MoJIOrli, nla Ha yrJIeII,,n<aBKa皿IH, Xa Ha yCTb-
n)IDIHbI, " B HPOcJIaBJIb, 4a B PoCToB, la B nePecJIaBJIB, "
B HMIITpoB MblTmIIKoM BceM)'. no cpaBHeHHId c rpaMOToi
1496 r. 3,Ⅱecb XOHoJIHHTeJIbHo ynoM"yTbl HpO'CfJIaBJIb, PocToB̲ H nepecJIaBJIb (IIepe3 HHx, Mo>KeT 6blTb, Be3JIH pbl6y
MI3 HHKoJIbcKOIIo cKoB)KH MoHacTblpH, He "rypHpylO皿ero
B rPaMoTe l496 r). rPaMoTa l499 r. no cy皿eCTBy JteJIaJIa
MHTpOnOJIIIIa 3a"TePeCOBaHHbIM B yTBep>KneHHH cyBepeH-
HblX̲nPaB HBaHa lll B OTHomeHIIII BeJIo3ePcKoTo, ymI皿KOEo, KamHHcKoro, HpocJIaBcKoro, PocToBcKOro, nepecJIaBJIb-
3aJIeccIfOro m UMHTpoBcKoro ye310B. noqeMy lily)KnaJIcH
HBaHIIIBTaKOrOPO,nanO及及ePJKKeCOCTOPOHblMIITPOnOJ1HIIbeii Kal。enpbl HaKaHyHe nocTaBJIeHHH BacHJIHH BeJIHKHM
ʻKHH3eM?
rPaMoTa nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO BeJIoO3ePo m nePeCJIaBJIb3aJIeccKHii (TeppIITopHII, KoTopbIMII B 1498 r., Kak MbI 3HaeM, Be"J1 JMIITpHii) B MapTe l499 r. IIoMHHHJIHcb pacno-
pmKeHHHM caMoro HBaHa lll. Ho oTcIoXa enBa JIII Mo>KHo
cnleJI3Th BblBOI o HaIIPaBJIGHHOcTH rpaMoThI nPoTHB nPHTH-
3aH城且MHTPIIHHaye31bl,HenaBHOBXO皿BmHeBCjepyero
BJIHHHHH. Bo-nepBLIx, oH He o6GnanaJI皿embHblMH (B TOM
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nPaBaMH Ha aTII TePPIITO,PHH H KOIH-
TPOJI'HIPOBaJI Hx TOQnbKO B OTHOmeHHII C皿'e6Hblx TH>K|6; Bo-
BTopblx, ̲rpaMoTa Ho BpeMeHH 6JImKe He K onaJIe naTpIIKeeBbJx H P"OJIOBCKOrO (KOmae皿e 6blJIo BO3MOIKHO KaKOeTo BbIcTynJIeHHe nMIITpHH) , a K Ho)KaJIoBaHHIo Bac"" TIITyJIOM BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H.
Hy)KHooTMeTIITb,IITopaiioHbI,ynoMHHyTbleBrpaMoTe,
BXO瓜HJIII EPa3Hble nepHoAbl lo 1498 r. B yneJI BacHJIwI
(KamIIH, HpocJIaBJIb)皿HBC巾epy ero cyne6Hblx HoJIHoMoIIHih (nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccK", PIOcToB, BeJIoo3epo) , HBJ1HJIHQp onoplHblMILnyHKTaMU 3aroBopmHKoB B 1497 r. (yr-
"TI, BeJIoo3epo, PocToB) . He cJIytIaiiHo rpaMoTa l499 r.
6blJIa BbmaHa no rpaMoTe l496 f., HanpagjleHHoii B cBoe
BpeMH npoTHB TePPHToplIaJIbHblx npeTeH3" BacHJIIIH. nplI
3ToM rpaMoTe l499 r. npHnaBaJIH, Ka]KeTcH, e皿e 6oJIbmee
noJIHTHIIecKoe 3HaIIeHHe, KIeM rpaMoTe l496 r. (oTcIoJIa pacnPo,cTPaHeHHe c。ePbl neiicTBHH npe)KHeii l、PaMOTbl nonoJI-
HHTeJIb'H9Ha
nepecJIaBJ1b-3aJIeccKIIii,PocToBcK砿H
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CJIaBcK" ye3"I) .
BepoHTHo,He3anpJIromp21MapTal499r・o6cy]K4aJIcH
BOnPOC O TOM, KaKOBbl 6y八yT mpaBaH卿HK皿HB acHJIIIH.
116
Bo3Mo>KHo, cymeCTBOBaJI nPOeKT BOCCTaHOBJIeHIIFI erO B
POJIII
yneJ1EHOiO
nPaBIITeJIR
KammHa,HPOCJIaBJI2mnp・
Bbl,naqa MIITponoJIHIIbeMy nPMy l4 MapTa l499 r., 3a
HeneJIIo no o6'bHBJIeHHH BacIIJIHH BeJIHKHM KIJH3eM, rpaMo-
Tbl, 、yTBeP>KnaBmeii CyBePeHHble nPaBa HBaHa lll B OTHoIneH" BeJIoo3epa, KamHHa, yrnHqa H XpyrHx o6'beKToB
yneJIbHblX nPlITH3aHHii lI 6blBmHx c*ep BJIIIHHIIH BacHJT",
nOKa3blBaeT, IITo I'IBaH III He xoTeJI BO3BPamaTb CblHy eTO
yneJIbHble noJIHoMoIIHH B CeBepo-BocToIJHoii pycII H cTpeMIIJICH IO6HTbCFI HOn瓜ep]KKII MIITPOnOJIIITa B 3ToM BOnPOCe.
CBoeii neJIH BeJIHK" KHFI3b XIocTHr. 21 MapTa oH Ha3BaJI B
KaIIecTBe o6JIacTII, npeno'cTaBJIHeMoii BacHJIHIo B KHmKeHHe, I-Ie erO nPe7KHHe yneJIbI, a cOBePmeHIIO nPyryJO TePPH-
TopHIo - HoBropo,m H UcKoB. CToPoHHHKII MoJIoIoro KHH。
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noHIIMaJIH
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Ha pecTaBpanIIIo BeJIo3epcKoro H KamHHcKo-TBepcKoro
KHH)KeH噸.TaKoBbl BepoflTHble
npHIIIMHEI
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3aroBopa, B KoTopoM npIIHHJIH yIIacTHe B.B. PoMonaHoBcKHii H A.H・Kopo60B, apecToBaHHble B anpeJIe l499 r.
Mbl npHcoe及HHgeMCFI K nPe,nnoJIO>KeHIIIO eHHeJIa, qTO
aPeCT POMOnaHOBcKOrO -CO6LITHe, menmee BPa3Pe3 C
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KaK nPenCTaBHTeJIFI oⅡⅡO3PInIIOHHblx HBaHy lll TBePCKHx
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OHII OJTIIIIeTBOPHJIII CIIJIbl, 60POBmHeCH 3a PeaJTbHOe nPenocTaBJIeHIIe BacIIJIIMIo npaB Ha TBepcKoe lI BeJIo3epcKoe
KH月X《eHHH.
OnHoBpeMeHHocTb apecTa PoMoXaHoBcKoro II Kopo60Ba HeJIb3FI CqHTaTb CJIyTIaiiHOCTblO. IIX CBFI3blBaJIII KaK
o6mHOcTb noJIIITHIIeCKHx yCTPeMJIeHHii, TaK H CJIy>Ke6Hble
y3bl. B ceHTH6pe l498 r・oHH 6blJIII BoeBonaMII oJHoro Boi-
cKa : PoMonaHoBcKHi Bo3rJIaBJIHJI nepenpBoii noJIK, a Kopo60B-noJIK JIeBoi pyKII178. A. H. Kopo60B, KoHeqHo, -He
6bIJI KyⅡuoM, KaK npemloJIaraJI K.B. Ba3IIJIeBII'I. C KoHHa
80-x roXoB oH npHHIIMaJI yqacTHe B BeJIIIKoKHH>KecKHx
noxo"X:B 1488/89 r. - Ha BHTKy (B nepenoBoM noJIKy) 179,
B 1495/96 :r.- BのⅢH,JTFIH皿Io (B JIeBoii pyKe) 180, B I498 r.'Z8 <<Pa3P"HaH KHIIra l475-'1598 rr.:>. M., 1966, cTp. 28, ".27
179 TaM >Ke, cTp. 21, JT. 17.
180TaM>Ke,cTp.27,@J1.25
117
B Ka3aHb (B JIeBoii pyKe) 181. Ha HeKoTopoe BpeMH nocJIe apecTa l499 r. A I/1. Kopo60B IIcIIe3aeT I13 pa3pHIoB H
noFIBJIHeTcH BHoBb B oceHHeM pa3pHIe l505 r., nepBoM noc-
JYe CMepTH I/IBaHa lll '82. 3TO nOKa3blBaeT, IITO A. II. KOPO60B 6blJI cBH3aH c Ba|cHJIIIeM183, KoTopblii cpa3y )Ke no 3aHFITHH nPecToJIa no3a60THJIcR o ero Kapbepe. C BacHmIeM
6blJI cBH3aH I,I B. B. PoMoZIaHoBcKH曲. y>Ke B ceHTH6Pe
1501 r. oH 6blJI Ha3HaIIGH B cTopoJKeBoii noJIK184.C npHxonoM BacHJIHH K BJIacTII B. B. PoMonaHoBcK城 noJIyIIIIJI
noBblmeHIIe, cTaB BoeBonoii noJIKa npaBoii pyKII (ceHTfI6pb
1507 r.) 185.
HTaK, 3aroBop PoMonaHoB|cKoro H Kopo60Ba o6EHcHHeTCFI, no-BHn(HMoMy, oTKa30M IIBalla lll OCy皿eCTBHTb
TOT BaPHaHT HO)KaJIOBaHI'IH, KOTOPblii 6blJI Ha'I160JIee >KeJIaTeJIeH <<napTIIII> Co巾bH - BacPIJIIIH.
no IIHblM npH'IHIIaM o6'EHBJIeHHe BacIIJIH兜BeJIHKHM
KHH3eM HoBropona H UcKoBa BcTpeTIIJIo oTplmaTeJIbHylo
181 <Pa3pfmHaH KH}Ira...>, cTp. 28, J1. 27.
182 TaM )Ke, cTp. 37,几39.
183 HIITepecHo, qTo H BDIIBIIHyJIcH oH c 1488/89 r., T、e. IICcJIe ynaJIeHIIFI
IIBaHa HBaHoBHIIa II3 TBepH.
184 <Pa3P皿HaHKHHra…》, cTp 33, J1. 33 (B cTopo>KeFoM ucJ1Ky oH 6blJI
H B ceHTH6pe l502 r.- TaM )Ke, cTp. 35, JT、 36; J. F e n n e ll Op.
cit, p 256, note 3). Bo3Mo)KHo, B. B. PoMo"HoBcKⅢ曲瓜06HJIcFI
nl)o皿eHF胴 e皿e paHbllle. PH瓜ⅡeTOmICHblx CBO,UOB yKaSblBaeT nOn
7008 ( 1499/|1500) r., 6ymo HBaH ill, noJIyIIIIB cEenleH" o npHHy]KneHMH ero npqepH EJIeHIJI K pHMcKoMy 3aKoHy>, (KaToJIHIJecTBy) ,
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cTp. 238; T. XII, cTp. 251; T. 20, nepBaH DoJIoBI冊la, cTp. 370; T. 21
J
BTOPa別noHoBIIHa, cTp. 572; T. 26, cTp. 292; T. 28, cTp. 333; cp. T. 1V,
II. 1, Bbln. 2 JI., 1925, cTI). 531 ) . CoTJIacHo IIocoJIIJcIくoii KHIIre,
B. B. PoMonaHoBcK" II B・KyJIe皿IIH e3ユI皿II
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1499/1500 rr.- pa3HEIe, Mo)KHo 6blJIo 6bl npennoJJo)KHTb, 、ITo nepen
、
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XBa O6CTOFITeJIbCTBa: 1) OTcyTCTBIfe B JIeTOUIICHX COO6meHHH O nocoJILcTBe PoMQmaHoBcKoro II I<yJTemHHa l498 r., 2) coBm"eIIMe .mulHoro cocTaBa o60Hx HocoJIb'cTB. He HBI)THeTcH JIH H3BecTHe @JIeTonHceii
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B MocKBe (ACSH, TJ, Nb 624; cp. ACSII, T. 111, Nb 276) .
185<<Pa3pfmHaHKHIIra…》,cTp.38,J1.4206.
118
peaKHIIIoBncKoBe.OxleB皿HP,Ha3HaqeHmeaTOPaCUeHmBaJIOCb nCKOBCKOi BePXymKOii KaK nOnblTKa nPHcOenHHe-
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HocKoJIbKy HoBropon y>Ke BxoJHJI B cocTaB UeHTpaJIII30BaH-
Horo rocynapcTBa. Z3 HcKoBaB MocKBy 6blJIo 'HanpaBJIeHo
nocoJIbcTBo.
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TeJIbHoit Mepe Bo BHemHHe neJIa ncKoBa; 3) HaJIHIIHe
CO6CTBeHHOrO <KHFI3FI HCKOBcKOrO>.
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<<MoJIHTII 60ra 3a KHfl3H BeJIHKoro BacHJIbfl>, H xmaJIII npHe3na cBoHx nocJIoB II3 MocKBbl C pe皿eHIIeM HBaHa lll;
reHHa皿蝋yexaJI II3 ncKoBa qepe3 4 HeneⅡHnocJIe cBoero
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BIIJIH B MocKBy BTopoe nocoJILcTBo <<61ITH IIeJIoM BeJIIIKoMy
KHR3Io HBaHy BacIIJIbeBIIIIIo HoBropoⅡuKOMy H HCKOBCKOMy,
qTo6bl rocynlapH HamH且OP>KaJIII OTIIIIHy cBOIO ,B CTaPHHe...>; HBaH III oTnycTHJI 3To HOcOJIbCTBo, naB HeOnPenleJIeHHblii oTBeT: <<A 3a MoHM 60HpHIHoM Bce 6yneT yKa3aHo>;
3aTeM B HCKOB nPHexaJI o6emaHHblit 60HpH:H (HBaH IJe60-
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MocKBy oTInpaBIIJIocb TpeTbe ncKoBcKoe nocoJIbcTBo c
186
CJIoB a "HoBroponlcKI噸 HnCKOBCKI'III> BXOXIIJTH B nOJIHblH TIITy,ⅢBe-
JIHKoro KIIH3H ̅ MocKoBcKoro (cM. TBHIIn, M 347) . nMIITpIIIo-BHyKy
JIeTonilICII II <<III'IH> nOCTaBJIeHIIH nPIImlcblBaloT THTyJI BeJIHKOro KHH3H BJIaユHMIIPCKOrO
II
MOcKOBCKorO,
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POncKOrO, a̅ B OJHOM cJIyrlae TaIPKe ̲TBePcKOrO (H.C. JI U) b e.
I"eoJIorIIIIscKafl 6opb6a…, cTp. 38。1-386).TaKwM o6pa30M, XMIIT・
PHii, B OTJIIIxIIIG OT HBaHa lII, enBa JIII CqIITaJ1cH CIo3ePelIOM nCKOBa,
j<oTH nocJTe nocTaBJIeHIIH BacIwIIIH BeJII1KIIM KHH3eM HoBropona lI
ncKoBa B30pbl HcKoBIIIIeii o6paTIIJIIIcb KaK pa3 K HeMy KaK coIIpaB・IITeJIIo IIBaHa lll. OH 6blJI ntJIH HHx xopoIH HMeHHo TeM, IITo Jie HMeJI
B CBOeii cnemlaJIbHOii KOMneTeHnM'HnCKOB,
119
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nePBOrO nOCOJIbCTBa, aPecTOBaHHblX B HatlaJIe 3TOH anOneH.
BeJIHKIIe KHH3bFI IIx npocTIIJIH, m ncKoBcKIIe nocanHIIKPI Bep-
IHyJIHcb B ncKoB 24 ceHTH6pH 1499 r・B HcKoBe ocTaJIcH
CBO力くKHH3b
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1500 r., BecHbl H oceHH 1501 r. noKa3blBaloT xapaKTep oTHomeH" Me)KIy ncKoBoM H MocKBoil. BepxoBHbIMH cIo3ePeHaMHnCKoBa HBJIHJIHcb B 3TH OTPe3KII BPeMeHII HBaH III
H BacIIJIIm, c KoTopblMH HcKoBHIIH HMeJIH瓜eJIO Ho BOnPOcaM BOiiHbI c JIHTBOi lI JIPIBOHCKHM O皿eHOM 187.
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nepBaH noJIoBHHa, cTp. 330) . STa BcTaBKa, oTcyTcTByloUaH Bo Bcex
J I e T O m I C H x , H C K a > K a e T C M b l c J I Te KC Ta 、
208 HCPJI, T. VI, cTP、215; T、V111, cTp. 194; T. XII, cTp. 182; T. 20,
nePBa兄ⅡoJIoBIIHa, cTp. 330; T. 25, cTp、318.
209 rBHHn, JYb 27, cTp. 49.
125
3'ro IIoBJIwIJIo Ha cyne6Hble npaBa apXHenMcKona no l499 r.,
Mo)KHo To,JIbKo moranlblBaTbcH. CyUecTBeHHylo poJIb cblrl)an, HO-BH瓜HMoMy, C皿e611HK 1497 r., KoTopbl曲BBO八IiJI B
UeHTPaJIH30BaHHOM nOPHJIKe nOnCynHoCTb nO mCKOBblM八e-
JIaM JIH60 MOcKoBCKoMy nPaBIITeJIbCTBy, JIH60 MecTHoii
cBeTcKoii anMHHHcTpaUHII. B cT. 37 Cynie6HHKa roBopHJIocb, IITo GcJIH o6a TH)Ky皿HxCH (HO HCKOBblM ,meJIaM) HBJIHIOTCH )KHTeJIHMII O,mHOrO II TOro >Ke rOPOna HJIII BOJIOCTH,
To !HeneJIb皿ⅢKmPJIJKeH
CTaBHTb
HX
nePen
HaMecTHHKOM
IIJIII BoJIocTeJIeM. B CT. 30 HoBropon BeJIIiKIIii 6bIJI BKJIIoIIeH B nepeIIeHb ropoIoB, Kyna nocblJIaJIIIcb II3 MocKBbl He一
二
JIeJIb皿IIKH c cyneOHblM Bbl30BOM.
Ho MHeHIIIo B. H. ABToKpaToBa, T. H.《nPaBocynHe MHTPOnOJIIiqbe> Bo3HIIKJIO B
KPyraX HoBrOPonCKOrO八yXOBeH-
cTBa B nepHoX Me)KXy l497 r. H HaqaJIoM XVI B. II HMeJIo
neJIDIo <<3aMeHIITb ocHoBHble noJIo>KeHIIH CVnle6HIIKa l497
rona HOPMaMH ycTaPeBmerO HOBrOPOnlCKOrO npaBa>, 210.
B sToM naMHTHIIKe ecTb cTaTbH, rJIacHmaH:<IITO CH JleeTb
B |MoHaCTblPex JIH B MOHaCTblPCKLIx JIIOXex,八a He BCTyna-
eTbcH KHH3b JIH BJIaCTeJIIIH: TO Be4aeT HX enHCKon>> 211.CTaTbFI
ocHoBaHa Ha TeKcTe ycTaBa HpocJIaBa BocToIIHopyccKoih
penaKⅡHHnPOCTPaHHOii rPyⅡⅡbl 212, npHIIeM HHTePe'CHO, IITO
oHa He 6ePeT II3 cBOer'O HCTOIIHHIKa nOHFITIIeくⅡePKOBHble
JIIOXH)", cOCPenPTO[IHBaFI BCe BHIIMaHIJe
MoHacTblPcKHX JIIo,瓜Hx H TeM Ca|MbIM
Ha MOHaCTbl,PHX II
npIIXaIBaH nOHHTHIO
くMoHacTblPcKHe JIIoIH> TO coXeP>KaHHe, KOToPOe OHO HMeeT
B >KaJIOBaHHblx rPaMOTax MOHaCTbIPHM, rX'e TePMHHOM <JIIO-
瓜H)P o603HaIIaeTcfl KpecTbHHcKoe HaceJIeHIIe. TaKaH penlaKU
LIIH cTaTbH o enIIcKOIIcKoII IoPIICXIIKHIIH BnOJIHe COOTBeTCTByeT nPHTH3a'HHHM B Jyxe rPaMOT O nOnCylHOCTHHryMeHa ,
cTapUeB, JIIo,mekHKpecTbHH CnaccKoro BepeHJIoBcKor,o MoHaCTLIPH HOBrOPOnCKOMy aPxIIenH|CKOny.
B KaKoi Mepe 6blJIa orpaHIIIIeHa loplIcnlHKIIIIfl apxHepeeB B叩yrHxpa加Hax Py“K90Mro旦aM XVB.?
CBeTcKIIe o6HTaTeJII[ MoHacTblpcKHx BoTIIHH (KpecTbHHe, nPHKa3IIHKII 213H叩.) B HcKOBblx meJIax HO皿e>KaJIHBe2'0 nPn, Bbln. 111, cTp. 438-439.
2'' TaM )Ke, cTP. 428, cT. 38; ACSII, T. 111, Nb 8, cT. 38.
2'2 nPn, Bbln. 1, cTp. 271, cT. 54, 9.
218 CouHa,JIbHOe nPOHcxO"KneHHe nPHKa3[皿KoB H IIx IOPIInlmecKoe nOJIO>KGHHe nO noQJIyKIeHI畑 八O,mKI・IOCTII I13yIIGHbl He,mocTaToKIHoI B XVI B.
cPeXH
nPHKa3IIIIKoB
IIMeJIHcb
ll
<<cTaPUbl)";
>KaJIOBaHI・Ible
rPaMoTbl
XV-XVI BB. npoBo,DHT, oJHaKo, 1IeTKyIo rl)aHb Me>Kny <<6paTI,eIo》
II TeMM, <KOMy nl)IIKazKyT", IIJIwI《nPIIKa3UIIKaMII".
126
XeHHIo BeJIIIKOKHH>KecKoro ("II yXeJIbHoKHHzKecKoro) cyna
(OIIeB皿HO, KPOMe meJI, OTHeceHHblx K KOMneTe皿皿UepK-
BH ycTaBaMH BJIanIIMIIpa H HpocJIaBa). Ha cBfl皿eHHHKoBI1
。
。
nPHIITbl MoHaCTblPcKIIx ceJIbcKKx UePKBeH, T. e. <<JIIonteli
U'ePKOBHblx)D B y3KOM cMblcJIe cJIOBa, PacnPocTPaHHJIOCb
及eiiCTBIie MOHacTblPCKOii IIJIH enHcKOHCKOii 10PHC且HKIIHH
(Hx cTaTyC OnPe4eJIflJIcH BO BJIanblIIHblx IKaJIOBaHHblx rPaMOTaX-HcTOTIHliKe, nOKa e皿e MaJIo H3yIIeHHoM) . B oco6eHHo cHopHoM noJIo>KeHHH HaxomIJIHcb HacToHTeJIH MoHa-
cTblpeiiliMoHaxII(<6paTHH)F),KoTopbIe,co皿OihCTOPOHPI,
qjoPMaJIbHO nPHIIHCJIHJIHCb K Pa3P皿y f<n<ePKOBHblx :mlonle"
(Ho ycTaBy BJIa皿MHPa) , HO, C JPyrOii CTOPOHbl,-KaK *eojmaJIbl-3eMJIeBJIaneJIbnbl - HBJIHJIIICb
BaCCaJIaMII
KHH3H-CIo
3ePeHa.
且
Kopnop a皿Ⅲ7 Bo3!HIIKmHe B KalleCTBe KHH]KeCKIIX MOHa-
cTblpeih, HMeJIII oco6blii cTaTyc. Ha cyne y MHTpoHoJIHTa
repoHTHH, Korna pa36IIpaJIcH cnop Me)Kny KHH3eM MHxaliJIoM AHnpeeBIIIIeM BeJIo3epcKIIM H pocToBcKHM apxHeⅡⅢ-
cKoHoM BacbHHoM (oKoJIo l478/79 r.) 2'4, npemlcTaBIITeJIb
KHH3H CneJIaJI cJIenylO皿ee 3aHBJIeHIIe:く..、HCTaPHHbl nPeIK-
HIIe apxHenHcKonbl pocToBcKHe Bo rocy"pH Moero B KIIpHJIOB MOHaCTblPb He BCTynaJIHcH, nPHCTaBOB CBOHX He CJIaJIII,
a HryMeHa H 6PaTbH He cynHJIII, II neCHTHJIHHKOB CBOHx K
HMIM He B'bCblJIaJIH,ⅢⅡomJIII|H He IIMaJIH-ⅡpH KHpHJIe II
nocJIe KHpHJIa-npll TocynapH Moero KHH)Ke MIIxaiJIoBe
ome, npK KHH3e AHIpee nMIITplIeBHIIe, H pp cex MecT, a
cy八HJI…Toro KHpHJIoBa MoHacTblpH HryMeHa rocy"" Moero KHfDK MHxaiJIoB oTeU - KHH3b A皿pe曲旦M PITP HeBHKIb,
a 6paTblo cBoIo - cTapneB KHpHJIoBa MoHacTblpH - cyⅡHJI
IIryMeH; a |HocJIe oma cBoero Toro KIIplIJIoBa MoHacTblpFI
IfryMeHa Cy瓜HJI rocynapb Moii KHH3b MIIxaiiJIo AHXpeeBIItIb
H j P c I I x M e C T, o n P O I I b
HblX...
neJIex
4yxOBHblx
HryMeHa
XeJI, aB,myxOB割
BenaeT
aPxIienliCKOn,
3aHe>K... ToT KHpHJIoB MoHacTLIpb y r o c y n a p H M o e r o,
KaK yrOCynaPH
y
B e J I I I KO r O
KHH3H
erOMOHa-
cTblpH-Cnac
Ha
MocKBe,nia
npeIIHcTafI
CHMoHoBe,
JIa
HIIKo!JIa
Ha
yrpeme>215.
214
Ha
06 3TOii TH)K6e CM.: J1. B. LIepenHIIH. yKa3. ccq., L1. 2, cTp. 191
194 (cp. cTp. 183-184) ; H. C. JI y p b e. HPleoJIormLIecKaH 60pb6a.,,:
cTp. 54-58.
215 AC31i, T. 11, M 315, cTP. 280.
127
neiicTBHTeJIbHo, B >Ka&IIoBaliIIblx rpaMoTax KIIp"JIo-Be"
@)Io3epcKoMy 216IICIIMoHoBy 217MoHa|cTblpHMBcTpeIIaeTcH
CTaTbflOnOnlCyIHOCTIIHacTOHTeJIHKHH310-CIO3epeHy218.ApxIIenIIcKoncKIIe rpaMoTbl noKa3blBaloT, IITo ecJIH enle B 50-x
ro,max XV B. IIryMeHbl H nonlJI ceJII>cKIIx Uel)KBeil KIII)IIJIJIoBa MOHaCTblPfl 6blJIII ne-IOPe nOKcynHbl BJIa八blKe, OIIeBImHO,
no BceM BonpocaM 2'9, To yJKe B 60-x ro,瓜aX cyn HaX HIIMH
OKa3aJICH B PyKax KHPHJIJIOBcKorO HryMeHa, a Ha nPJIIO BJIa-
八blIIHerOcynaOCTaJIOCbOnHO《,n<yxoBHoe,meJIo)P220.Be,poHTHo,
II CyJI Ham cTaPUaMH He 6blJI c MOMeHTa OcHOBaHHH MoHa-
CTblPH 6ecCnOPHOii nPHBHJIerKeii HryMeHa, XOTH nePemeJI K
HeMy PaHbme, IIeM Cy4 Ha瓜ⅡPHIITaMH ceJIbcKHx UePKBeit.
rpaMoTbl nepBoii noJIoBHHbl XV B., npoBo3rJIamaIomHe
nPaBO KHmKeCKOrO Cyna B OTHOmeHHH HaCTOHTeJIeii, KPaiiHe HeMHOrOIIHcJIeHHbl (II3BeCTHbl BCerO "Be) H KacalOTCfl
JIIImb KIIplIJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoro MoHacTblpH 221.
Bo BToPoii no!JIoBIIHe XV B・Kpyr Kopnopan砿, HaCTOHTeJIH KOTOPblx CymIJIHCb KHH3eM, He OrPaHH[IHBaJICH TO$ノIb-
Ko<<KHfDKecKHMH)DMoHacTbIpHMH222.OIIeHb3HeprIIIIHopac216 BnepBble B rpaMoTe KHH3FI MI.IxaHJIa AHJPeeBI{qa l435-1447 rI、.
(ACSIi, T・II, JVb 79), 3aTeM B ero )Ke rpaMoTax 1473 r. (TaM )Ke,
M 223) , 1476-1482 rr. (TaM )Ke, M 239, 243 - 3necb petlbIueT y>Ke
H O HOnCy"oCTH cTaPUeB KHH3IO) , B rPaMOTe BeJIHKOii KHHrHHH
Co*bII 1448-1451 rr. (TaM )Ke, Nb 98) II B rpaMoTax HBaHa lll
1488 r. (TaM ]Ke, JYb 278), 1500 r. (TaM )Ke, M 300.301).
211. B rpaMdTe BeJIIIKoro Kim3fl BaclimIH BacI1、IIbeBHIIa l460 r., noIITBep)K"HHoA HBaHoM III (ACSH, T. II, JVb 360) .
218 B )KaJIoBaHHoii rpaMoTe nMIITpMH HoHcKoTo (lepFenty CaBBe Ha MoHacTblpeK
Cnaca-npeo6pa]KeHHH
(oK・1380-1382 rr.- BKJIIoIIBH
Hblii aKT B cocTaBe nloKyMeIITa XVI I B.) HacToFITeJIb cTaBHTcH nom
COBMeCTHyIO IOPHC皿KⅡHIo BeJIIIKoro KHH3H I! MIITpcnoJIMTa (ACSI'I,
T. I, JYb 340) . O cMecHoM cyne MIITponoJIIITa lI Be皿Koro KHH3ダ
q D
B
IICKOBbIX
neJIaX
CBeTCKHX
JIIm
nPOTHB
nPencTaBIITeJIeli
nyXOBeH
cTBa CM. B ,nPrOBOPHoii rPaMOTe BeJIHKorO KHH3FI B8cMJmfl nMHTPHe
BIIIIa II MIITpoHoJIHTa KImpIIaHa (HPn, Bbln. I11, cTp. 422, cT. 7) .
219 ACSH, T. II, Nb 161.
220 TaM >Ke, JYb l71-176, 183.
22I T. H・rpaMoTa BacIIJIIIH BacliJIbeBIILla Ha c.皿)・xo62JYCBo, HMelO皿醐
CTaTbIO O HOJICy,nHOCTH MIryMeHa, 6paTHII II CJIyr BemIKOMy KHFI310
(AC3H, T. I, JVb l76), HBIHeTC兄no"eJIKoii
Kcllua
XVI
B.
(cM
A. A. 3 H M H H. AKToBI,Ie no瓜旦eJIKII Tpol皿e-CeprmeBa MoHacTbl"
80-x ronoB XVI B.《Bonpocbl
couHaJIbHo-3KoHoMI(IIGcKoAHCTOPmi
II HCTOKIHIIKOBeAeIIIIH nePlIO" qJeo".ⅢII3Ma B POc(、IIII>p. C6. cTaTeii
K 70-JIeTHIo A. A. HoBoceJIbcKoro. M., 1961, cTp. 250-251, oco6eHHo npIIM. 25) .
"2TaKHM6blJI,KpoMe v>Ke Ha3BaHlIblx,TpoHUK戒Ha Bepe3HʻmKe B Bo-
、JIocTIIBope;n̅aTpoHoMHc皿beiierOHiyMeHaHBJ1HJIcfiKHH3blOpHii
B acHJIbeB HリユMm;rpoBcKmit (ACSH, T. I, Nb 401; cp. TaM x<e, Nb 416).
128
1
nPOcTPaHHJIH
cBoIO
IOPHc瓜HKUHIO
yneJIbHble
KHH3bH・H
a'cToHTeJIH CJIeXyIO皿Ⅲx ・ MOHacTblPeii 6blJIII nOJBenOMCTBeHHbl
yneJIbHOKHH>KecKOMy
cy八y:TpoHUe-CepmeBa223,
MHTpOnOJIIIIIbero HoBHHcKoro224 (no rpaMoTaM IOpHH BacIIJIbeBH-
IIa mMIITI)oBcKoro 60-x -HaIIaJIa 70→x ronoB), CaBBo-CTopo)KGBcKoro 225, noKpoBcKoro yrJI皿KOrO 226 (no rpaMOTaM
A皿pefl BoJ1bmoro 70-x ro40B) , CnaCO-KaMeHHoro 227 (Ho
rpaMoTe AHIpeH MeHbmoro l479 r. 228) . TaTapcKHii cJIy>Ke6 11bl曲uapb MyxaMMen-3MHII, HoJIyIIHBmlM B yneJI KamHpy, ycTaHoBwI noncy4HocTb ce6e lIryMeHa TpoImKoro
BeJYoneCOU.KOTO MOHaCTblpH 229.CTaTbH o noncynHocTH HacToJITeJIFI
BeJIHKOMy
KHH310
HeOIHoKPaTHO
BKJIIOIIaJIacb
B rpaMoTbI HBaHa lll. Ee lHaxoJIHM B rpaMoTax MHTp'on|()J11MIIbIIM MoHa'cTblpHM - CHoBIIIcKoMy II JIIo6euxOMy
(1465 r.230), a TaK>Ke B rPaMoTax MoHacTbl"M Cnaco-
EBq)HMbeBy (1472 231, 1473 232, 1479 rr. 233), HHKoJIbcKoMy
MoKI)oMy (1482 r.234),Tpo皿e-CeprlieBy ( 1492 r.235) , Cnac̲
cKoMy HpocJIaBcKoMy (1498 r236) H ycTIo)KcKoMy ycneHCKOMy BOrOPO皿UKoMy co60py (1490 r237) Cy" no ToMy,
ご
rne
llaxOHIIJII,I|cb
'ITo
cBeTcKaJI BJIacTb aKTHBHO orPaHHIIHBaJIa lOpHc且HKⅡⅡIO
MIITPOllOJIHTa,
yKa3aHHble
POCTOBCKOrO
MOHacTblPll, MO)KHo
aPXHenHCKOna
H
CKa3aTb,
Cy34aJIbCKOrO
eⅡHcKona 238. rpaMoTbl l479 II l482 1T・BOJIOrO,ⅡcKHM
223 AC31I, T. 1, Nb 291, 305.
224 A3MX, 1. 1, Nh 86.
225 AC31M, T. 111, JYb 58.
226 TaM >Ke, JYb 77.
227 TaM >Ke, JWh 269.
228 1<IIH3b Cy瓜HJITaK)Ke H 6PaTHIO.
229 AC3m, T. I, Nb 618.
2co Ad)311X, L1.1, Nb 193.
231 AC3II, T. I I, Nb 466 (BeJIIIKHii KHH3b cy"、II TaK)KG II 6I)aTIMIo) .
232 TaM )Ke, Nb 473.
233 TaM >Ke, JYb 475.
234 TaM )Ke, T・I11, Nb 278.
235 TaIw >Ke, T. 1, Nh 567, 568; rnB, noro瓜.1905, "J1. 80 06.81 06.,
M 71.
236 ACSH, T. 111, M 216 (Be皿KHiI KIIfI3b Cy"JI TaK>Ke m 6PaTIIIO) .
237 TaM >Ke, Nb 282 (BeJIHKIlii KHH3b cy"JI npoTo!10na, c"皿eHHllKoB
II nPlIIIT UepKoBHblii) . E皿e B TpaMoTe l467-148|l rr. 3ToMy co60py
IIoc1allOBJ]eHIie 6bl.JIo I1Hoe: !f<A KOMy Ha rmx 6yneT Llero IIcKaTm, HHO
IIx Cy>KIo H3 caM, KHfI3b Be,mKII, MH CaM aPxIIenmCKoII> (TaM IKe,
JVh 281).
238 rl)aMoTa KammPcKOMy BeJIOneCOILKOMy MOHacTbrPlO OrPaIMIIIIBaJIa,
OLIeBm八H0,
10PlICHHKuMIO M}ITPOIIOJIIIITa,
a
He KOJIoMGHCKOTO enHcKona.
I/1. noKI)oBcKHii cLIHTaeT, IITo Ka皿Hpa Bxo4HJIa B KoJIoMGHcI<yI()
enaPxIIIO c XIV B (H. n o K I) o B c K I! it yI<a3. ccIl., 'r. 1, cTp. 214)
9
C. M. KalllTaHoB
129
Cnaco-Ka
Mel冊IoMy
H
HIIKoJYLcKoMy
MoKpoMy
MoHacTbll)fIM
orPaHIiIIIIBaJII̲IOPII4IIKUHIO HoBrOPoICKoro al)xIIemlcKolla,
o4HaKo c l492 I、・BoJIoraanepemJIaBnepMcKyIoenapXIIIO239・BIIcToLIHIIKax,nPaBUa,PeqbH1eTOUePKBaXBcaMoMrBoJIomeMHanocaneM6>KeT6bITb,ye3hHbIeMoHacTblpH ocTaBaJIMcb eUe HeKoTopoe BpeMH B cocTaBe HoBU
r o p o I c Ko M e n a P x I m .
B IByx rpaMoTax HBaHa lll (1467 H 1475 rr.), oTHoC FI皿ⅢxcFI K oJHoMy lI ToM)L>Ke MIITpoIIoJIHIIbeMy BocKpeCellcKOMy MOHacTblPlo <Ha neHFIre)>, yCTaHaBJIIIBaeTcFI nbncynHocTb !IryMella B HcKoBbIx neJIax IwIITponoJIIITy240. Mo-
IIaCTblPb 6blJI PaCnOJIO>KeH B nBIIHCKO曲3eMJIe241, r4e neii̲
cTBoBaJIo cMemaHHoe MocKoBcKo-HoBropoIcIKoe npaBo. OLIeBHユHo, 3TIIM onPemeJIIIJIOCb nPenpCTaBJIeHHe MIITPonOJIIITy
IOPlIC,III KnHHHa且HryMeHQMB HcKoBIJIx XeJIax. B rpaMoTax
BoJIoUKIIx
'KoHUaXVHaIIaJIa
XV - HarlaJIaXVI
XVI B.,
B BbllaHHblX
BoJIoUKIIxKHFI3|eik
KH”'eH'KoHUa
llocmqJo-'BoJIoKo"aMcKoMy MoHacTblplo,HeT cTATbmbimcy皿IoCTHHI、yMeHa KHH3IO, xoTHKHH3bHoToBal)HBaIOT cBOe
EPaBOCymITbB"mcKOBblxXeJIaxMOHacTblPcKOronPIIKa3qIIKa.
U
BoJIoKoJIaMcIKImi
ye31
Haxo瓜HJIcH
HoBropoXcKoji
B
enapxHH.
CJIenpBaTeJIbHo,
ecTb
ocHoBaHI畑,Ⅱ;yMaTb,
qTO
HOBrO,POn(CK"
U
apxHenlIcKoH B KoHUe XV B. ocTaBaJIcFI B Hc'KJIIoIIIITeJIbHoM
noJIo)KeHII)I, CoxpaIHFIH 3a cO60揃nPaBO Cyna Hal HacTOHTe-
JIHMII MoHacTblpeih HoBroponicKoii enapx"
no ntallkJbll! n. M CTPoeBa, K TIITyJIy KoJIoMelfcKIJx BJIa4bIK cJ1oBo
"omMI)cK"> cTaJIo nplI5aBJIHTbcH ToⅡDKo c l542 r (n. CTI)oea
ハ
しⅡmfKII,rMfPaP)iPB,IJ,、.l{aCIpfWP.1eii
MOMaghlPe#
POCCmiiCKoji
mePKBIL
qTq, ̲l", cTd 1q311 B 20x 「Q:Iax XVi B cf""" ""y
q〃
ゴ
Ha nocTI)o#Ky HoBoii UepKBII B MowacrupcKoM ceme BobracdBe "
U
9 R q
,710neCOⅡKⅢII MoII"TLIPb nOJTy'IIIJI He OT KCJJoMeHCI<OrO CITIICI〈OIIa,a
gr̲MIITpono@IIHTa (ArP, T, I, cTp. 102)
(、TI〕、232;T、26,cTp、287-288;1..27,cTp、291;cI〕.
XII,nCPJI,
T.
fOWII UapcKQEp al)xIIBa̲XYI "Kh M aIlXIIBa' nbcdib6k6f5hillI"
3a l614 ro"". no,m、 pent. C、Q I」̲IM"Ta ̅M., 1960, cTp 32, J1, 300-
300 0。 、(AA3, TJ, " 289¥cTI1 346L HUlil{ l501; H IT 6k b̅6 B" li iL̲yKa3. COKI., T. 1, CTI).66 (npIIM. 2), 1{16
240 Aの31IX, 11. 1, M 315, 316.
241
B3aroJIoBKax,naHIIbIx3THMaKTaMBA3IIX,PeIIbl,IAeT
唖oBoJIo-
roJにKoM ye31e, 01I・IaKO B caMIIx maMoTax BoJIorcEcKHil ye" IIe
ylloMrlllaelcFI, a B I<oHIIiiHoii KFIIIre XVI n oml BbIXeJIGHbI B .oco5vIo
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253 HnK, T. 1V, CT5. 182;几 A. nMHTI)HeB yKaa
l36
co[1., cTp. 34--35.
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255 Hnl<, T. 111, CT6. 11.
250 TaM >Ke, T. V, cT6. 153.
257 TaM >Ke, T. 1V, cT6. 14-16; T. V, cT6. 292.
258 TaM >Ke, T. 1V, cT6. 14-16.
259 TaM ]Ke, cT6. 186.
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260 <<BI)eMeHHHK OImP>, KH. X1. M., 1851, cTP l l、142, 193-195, 234235, 251-252; KH. XII. M., 1852, cTI). 32, 69-73, ll4-117, 141.
261 r.B. (D o I) c T e ll. BoI)b6a I13-3a rocnoJcTBa lIa BaJITIliicKoM MoPe B
XV H XVI cTOmeTHHx. Cn6., 1884, cTp. 159-160, npHM. 3; K. B. B a3 II JI e B H II. yKa3. CO(1.、cTp. 380-381. 3To o6emaHMe MorJIo 6blrb
naHo JIeToM I495 1、., noCne c'be3Zla B I<aJIbMal)e, IIe onPaBnaBmel、o
H aJIe氷旦bI XaHca Ha nPII3IIaHIIe ero mBencKIIM KoI)oJIeM. y>Ke 6 aBrycTa l495 r. HBaH III npHKa3aJI cBoHM BoeBoJaM ImTH f<Ha cBeiicKoro KoPoJIH HeMeTUKoro" (nCPJT, T. 26, CTp. 289; cp. T. 1V, [L l,
Bbln. 2, cTp、534; cp. TaK>Ke <Pa3pFLIHafI KIIMIra...>>, cTp. 24, J1.21;
B 60JIbmmHCTBe JIeTOmICHbIx CBOHoB nOノ1 7004 r., 6e3 MecFIUa -
ncP几T. 1V. Cn6., 1848, cTP・165; npyrlIe ToMa yKa3aHbl HM>Ke) ・
B ceHTH6Pe l495 r. l)ycCKMe BoiIcKa O6,JIo>KII.ノII,I Bbl6oI)I、, IIO He CMoI、.
JIH B3FITI] ero II npmIIJIII B HoBroI)oノ1 25 neKa6I)FI '1495 r. (<<Pa3pyI/〔}laFI KHIira".>,, cTP 26; r. B.
o P c T e H. yK83. CoIL, cTp. 157)
B IIepBoHⅡoJIoBIIHe l496 I、. 6bIJI0 cOBep皿ellO TPlI noxoma, IIaIIa.ノio
KOTOPblX OTHOCIITCFI K flHBaPIO (Ha l<aflHCKyIO 3eMJI1O) , amPeJ1Io (nOノl
Bbl60pr) , MIoHIo (Ha l<aflIIcKyIo 3eMJIIo) (nCP几T. 26, cTp. 290;
cp.T. VI, cTp. 39-40, 240; T V111, cTp. 230-231; T. XII, cm. 210.
242; T.. 20, nepB" no、noBHHa, cTp. 362-363; T、24, cTp. 241-242;
T. 28, cTp. 160, 326; r. B. o I) c T e H. yKa3. co[I.、cTp. 157-158;
K. B. B a 3 H .m e B II LI. yKa3. coII., cTp 387-392) . l-Ianl)aBJIe[1|I,IH pyccKIIx noxoAOB nonTBel)>KnalOT xapaKTeP o6emallIIfl, 4a}IHoro I1BaIIy lll KopoJIeM XaHcoM @「IeToM 1495 r.E皿e B KoHne l494- Ha'laJIe
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pble KoPoJIb XaHc corJIamaJIcH QmaTbHBaHXm,̲ np9cTm-
baJIIIcb Ha 200 MMJlb B IJIHHy ll 20 B皿IIpHHy 263. Ham60JIee
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BOT[IIIHbl KJIoncKoro MoHacTbIpH B KypeuKoMHny6poBeHCKOM nOrOCTaxmeJIOHCKOii nFITHHbl 6bmⅡcocPenPToqe-
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cKaH KPenoCTb - HBaIIrOPo,m, noCTPOeHHaJI HBaHOM III B
1492 r. ̅HanpoTHB JIHBoHcKoii KpenocTH HapBbl H nperpa>K-
n,aB山aH nyTbmイBOHcKHM HeMUaM H mBenaM B PyCCKlie BJIa-
neHHfl Ha IO>KI-IOⅥⅡo6epe>Kbe HHcKoro 3aJIHBa 265. B aBry̲
cTe l496 r. I/IBaHToPo且ⅡomBePrCH HananteHIIIo mBeXOB M
6blJIpa3pymeHHMmⅡOIITHⅡoocHoBaHHfl266.TeMcaMblM
c月皿IIeCFI K pyccKoiM MCTOPMI, BbIⅡ、1. M., 1915, M 3). no3ToMy MHelIIIe、6vJITo XalIc o6e皿aJT IJBaIW III Kal)emIIo B 1493 r., nl)M 3aKJIIo-
[leH岨colo3ⅢoI、o 」,oroBopa (r. B o Pc T e H. yKaa CoIL;̲cTp. 160,
nPllM.; K. B. 6 a 3 H J1 e b lI (I. yKa3. coq.! cTp. 380-381, 395, cp・CTp
387), HeJ11,3fl cLIHTaT1, 13noJIHe JIQKa3aHIjblM
262 rBHIIn, Nb 38 (<<CeBHJIaKmlo, HcKbl, O叩e6y") .
263 r. B. o I) c T G ll. yKa3. coII., cTp. 160, nplIM.; cp.I.EKUB, 2-te Abt.,
Bd. 2, Nb l51a, S. 99,
264C. ran3月ⅡK '' ii, KapeJ'b' 'I Kapem硯 B HoBroPomcKOe BPeMH.
neTPo3aBoJIcK、1941,npllmo>KeHIIe[JYb2]くCxeMaTIIIIecKaHKapTa
K ]16Tol)IIII Kal)eJIIII{ XIV-XV BB,>>; cp・TaK>Ke K. A. HeBo,IIHH'
O nnTIIHax I1TIorocTax HoBrol)oncKIIx B XVI BeKe. Cn6" 118531,
KapTa B KoHUe KIII'rl1; rBHp1n, Nb 38 ((」「mcaH''e py6e)Keii) .
265 ndnpo6Hee cM.: K B B a 3 !! 、n e B II 、Lyl24̲p9[L, cm 383-384 .
266くncKoBcKHe @JIeToI1IIcH>、Bbln. 1, cTp. 82; nCP几T. 1V, L1.1, BbIn. 2,
cTI). 534; T. VI,cTp. 42; T. V111, cTP、233; T. XII, cTI)、244; T. 24,
139
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cTp、244 (B Co巾IIjiCKOii l l, JII)BOBCK()曲ⅡT肌CBoノle l518 1、u迄)JL
7005 r.; 11CP几T. VI,CTI).241; T. 20, IIepBaFI noJIoBI[lla, cTI). 365;
T28, cTp. 329) ; r. B o p c T e ll. yKaa boLl., cTp l58; K B.̅B a&
311JI e BIILI・yKa3. coLI., cTI). 392.
2W [. B. <P O P c T e H" yKa3. cbLI" cTI). 159
268 C. F・Allel]・De tre nordiske Rigers Histol・ie, B(1. 1. Kbh., 1864,
s. 154.
269 1、.B. opcTGII. yKa3・co[1., cT、p. 159.
270 K. B・Ea3 m m e B !! q. yKa3. colI" cTp. 395.
27' C. F. A・l l e n. OI). cit., Bd. 1, s. 198.
272 KMpnL!n)ePtq ljiStoriae Dania", 1, 1873, s22, 409; LEKUB,2-te
Abt., Bd、1, S. 623,Anm. 2.
273 LEKUB, 2-te Abl., Bd. l, Nb 823, S. 623.
140
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276 C,F.̅A l l e n. Ol). cit., Bd. 1, s、198. .
277 W・En z Die huswirtige Politik des livlanflischen Ordensmeisters
Waltel・ voll PIcilellberg bi|s 1510.Riga, 1928, S. 81
278 1bid<g,111; C. F. A l l e ll. OI). Cit., Bd. 1, s. 200.
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MocKoBcKoro ye3" (B BblKoBe cTaHe) . rpaMoTa KIIp"JIoBeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTblplo KacaJIacb ceJI B 3ananHoM, KaMeHcKoM cTaHe mMHTpoBcKoro ye3na. BbIKoB cTaH MocKoBcKoro ye34a H KaMeHcK" cTaH IMIITpoBcKoro ye34a
286 H. C, JI y p lJ e. I<paTKIIA JIeToHIIcen n〔)ro瓜HHcKoI,o co6paHHH.<<Apxeorpa。IIIIecKmii e>Kero皿HK 3a l962 1、o,心. M., 1963, cTI). 443.
287 C.M. Ka皿T a H O B. nmmloMaTIIKa KaK Cne皿aJILHaH IICToPlItIecKaFI
八HcUl,Imll,IHa.《Bonpocbl lIcTopml)>, 1965, Nb l, cTp. 42-43.
288 ACSI'I, T. I, Nb 624.
289 TaM >Ke,T, II、Nb 301.
l O C . M 、 K a m Ta H o B
145
6blJIH o6pa皿eHbl B cTopoHy ynleJIa enopa BopHcoBII[Ia BoJIOUKOrO,
aKTHBHO
yKPenJIHBmerO CBoII
IIoJIHTII'IecKHe
nO-
3ImHII B 3To BpeMH: B MapTe l500 r.①enpl) BblnaJI ]KaJIOBaHHyIO rPaMOTy lIOcII巾o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoMy MoHacTblplo Ha
IBOP B r・BoJIoKoJIaMcKe 290. Mepbl npeppcTopo)KHocTHⅡpoTIIB BoJIoUKoro KHH3H, nPHHHTble B KoHne l499- Ha'IaJIe
1 500 r., 40 H3BecTHoA cTeneHH Ho4TBep>KXaIoT BepcIIIo o
nPOeKTe lIJIH巾aKTe KpaTKoBpeMeHHoii oT,maIIH IOpIIIo nMIITPOBcKOro ye3八a・
nepexoX y'皿池a lI yrJIHn;KOrO ye3" B PyKII UMHTP"
B l499 HJIIi l500 r・He nonKpenJIHeTcH JIa>Ke HaMeKaMII. Mo>KeT 6blTb, naMFITb o .MHTe>KHoM AH4pee yrJIIiUKoM ynep>KIIBaJIa HBaHa lll oT nepenaIIH yrJIHIIa B yneJI. BMecTe c
TeM BblnaIIa KIIpHJIJIo-BeJIo3epcKoMy MoHacTblpIo oX'HoBpe④
MeHHo c rPaMOToH Ha JMIITPOBCKHe ceJIa rPaMOTbI Ha BJIa-
1eHIIH B BoJIoroXcKoM ye3,me 291 HaBo瓜HT Ha Mbl.CJIb7 He
nPenHa3HarlaJIacb JIII IMIITpIIIo BoJIoma BMecTo ymHIIa 292.
BnpouleM, yKpenJIeHIIe BeJIHKoKHH)KecKIIx npaB B BoJIorne
U
MorJIo onPenleJIHTbCFI OnaceHHeM nPeTeH31IH |Ha Hee co cTo-
poHbl BacHJIHH.
nPOBeZeHIIe Cy,瓜a no cnopHoMy 3eMeJIbHoMy nleJIy B Mo瓶aiicKoM ye3ne, HeKorna nPHHaAJIe]KaBmeM AHnpelo BoJIbI H O M y , " B J I H e Tc H K o c B e H H b l M n O K a 3 a Te J I e M T O r O , I I T O e r o H a 、
CJIe4cTBo nPlIBJIeKaJIO K ce6e BHHMaHHe |BeJIIIKoKHH)KecKOro npaBHTeJIbcTBa (nPaBaH rpaMoTa 6bIJIa no皿mCaHa
27 HoH6" l500 r. 293, HaIIaJIcHンKe nPoILeCc, Bo3MO)KHO, 3a
,
H e C Ko J I b KO M e C H n ' e B I o 3 T O r o ノ .
npoeKT pa3naIIII yneJIoB MJIa瓜mHM cbIHOBbflM BO BTOpoii noJIoBIIHe l499 r. npecJIeXoBaJI, BepoRTHo, neJIb HeitTp aJII13auHHnpHTH3aHIIi BacIIJIHH Ha yneJIbHble TeppHToplllI CeBepo-BocToIIHoii PycII.
0 A(p3IIX, w. 11, Nb 26.
29
1
29
ACali, T. 11, JYb 300.
2
29
nOKa HwIeM OmPe"eJIeHIIblM IIeJIb3FI noKa3aTb, [ITo K 3TOMy BPeMeHII
oTHOCHTcH II KoPMJIeHaH rPaMOTa Ha BOJIorOnCKylo BoJIOCTb qaBUy B
3aKy6eHbe, BblAallHaH I'IBalloM IIIHnOIIIHCaHHaH KHFI3eM HMルITpHeM IMBaHoBHIIeM (ACSH, TJ1 1, MJ 279; cM. TaK>Ke B npIIMeIIaH皿1
li. A. roJIv6uoBa M B HacToH皿eii Pa60Te O BO3MO>KHOCTII OTO)K4eCTBJIeH" ynOMI'IHaeMOrO 34eCb KHH3fl HMIITPHFI IIBaHOBII[Ia C nMIIT-
●
、
PLIeM -BHyKoM).
293
ACSH, T. 11, Nb 422. CBH3aHa JIMI aKTIIBII3amlH BeJIルIKOKHfDKecKO ii
noJIHTⅢKmB oTHo皿eHlllI MoンI<aiicKa c nepexonpM I・Ia cJIy>K6y K I'IBaHy lll BecHoii l500 r. KHH3fl CeMeHa HBaHoBMLIa MoンKaiIcKoro, cblHa
八aBIIIIInHero BJIalleTeJIFI Mo>KaiicKa HBama AHApeeBII'la, cKa3arl)
Tp y n H O .
146
no cBoeMy coXep>KaHHIo IIMMyHHTeTHaFI noJIHTIIKa B
。eBpaJIel500r.6bl"acTporoorpaHmlllITeJIbHoii:!13MoH?-
CTbIPCKOji lOPlIC4IIKImHH3blMaJIHcb JIBe KaTerOPlIIi neJI (O
八ymery6cTBe PI pa360e c noJIIIIIHblM) . O皿oBPeMeHHo B
rPaMOTax 。liKc叩oBaJIocb nPaBO BeJIHKOro KHH3H cynHTb
IirVMeHa no HcKoBbIM neJIaM. 3To HocTaHoBJIeHHe HocHJIo
aHTIIBJIanblIIHblii XaPaKTep, nonTBeP那且aH 3aBHcIIMocTb KHPIIJIJIoBCKOrO IIryMeHa OT BeJIHKoro KHFI3H II He3aBIICHMOCTb
oT POcTOBcKoro aPxIiemlCKona.
OT MapTa - aBrycTa l500 r. He coxpaHHJIocb HMMyHHTeTHblx rPaMOT MOcKoBCKOrO BeJIIIKoKIIH)KecKOrO nPaBHTeJIb-
CTB a、30 ceHTH6pH l500 r. 6bma BblnalHa y)Ke ymoMHHaB-
皿aflcH HaMH paHee B npyroik cBFI31i rpaMoTa BoJIoToBy
MOHaCTblplO 294・B intitulatio sToii rpaMoTbl cToHT IIMeHa
Be,JIHKMX KHfl3ehHBaHa BacIIJIbeBHqa H ero cblHa BacHJIIIH
HBaHoBHIIa <<Bcea PycHH>'. O neHTeJIbHocTH BacHJIH月ⅡocJIe
aBrvcTa l 499 r. M np ceHTH6pH 1 500 r. HH'KaKHx cBeleHHit
B H3BecTHblx HaM rpaMoTax He coxpaHIIJIocb. B KpaTKoM
JIeTonlicUe non 700g r. (celITH6Pb l499 -- aBrycT 1 500rr.)
coo6maeTcH: <<KHH3b BacHJIeii, cblH BeJIIIKoro KHH3H IIBaHa, xOTH BeJIHKoDO ImHH>KeHIIH, H x|OTeB erO HcTPaBIITH Ha
HoJIe Ha CBHHcKoM y CaMbcoBa 60py, II caM Io6eJKa Bb
BH3bMy cBoIIMH 295 II coBeTHIIKH. A KHH3b BeJIHKIIii HaIIa nyMaTH co KHHrHHelo Co巾HelO, H BO3BPaTm皿a ero, II 4ama
eMV BeJIIIKoe KH"KeHIie nonl co6010, a KHH3H nMI1TpeH no-
HMamalIcMaTepHeloKHHrHHeIoEJIeHolo>296.
H. C. JIypbe, BnepBble BBe及皿嘘B HayIIHbIii o60poT H3BecTIIe o 6ercTBe BacHJIIIH B BH3bMy, cnpaBenlJIHBo 3aMeTHJ1, IITO <XaJIeKO ・He BC|e B aTOM H3BeCTIIH nPelcTaBJIHeTcH
JIcHblM>, 297. HeHcHo HecKoJIbKo MoMeHToB: 1 ) MecToHaxo]K-
UelIHe CBHHcKoro noJIFI H CaMbcoBa 60pa; 2) cooTHo皿eHHe
rJIaroJI aくIICTPaBHTH)P c MeCToHMeHHeMくero>; 3) ToqHafl
"Ta no6era (Mec皿) ; 4) BpeMeHH6e cooTHomeHHe Me源ユy
HaMepeHHeM <<ero IIcTpaBHTIII)" MI 6ercTBoM BacHJIIIH B Bfl3bMy, a TaK>Ke cTeneHb (HaJIIIIIIIe KaKIIx-To neitcTBHii) H BPeMH (nIo IIJIH nocJIe no6era) ocy皿eCTBJIeHIifl 3aMblCJIa, Bblpa>KeHHOro
cJIoBaMHくXOTeB
erO
HCTPaBIITH》.
294 AIi, T・I,Nb 111.
295 He@IIb3FT corJIacI,ITbcFI c IIoBbIM cJIoBoPa3meJIelMeM, n1)eエ1.rlo>KeHHblM
H. C. JIypbe: 4<c BoIIMII ". PaHee H. C・JIypbe ullTaJI <<cBOIIMIIII>D
(H、C. JI y p b e. nepBble ImeoJIorlI…, cTp. 99).
296 H. C・JI y p b e. I<PaTKIIii @JIeTOmHCeu..・, cTp、443.
297 H.C. JI y p b e. nepBLIe m,nteoJIorII..., cTp. 99.
1
4
7
1
0
*
舍
no MHeHHIo H. C. JIyPbe、<CBHHb mJIM CBeHb - PeKa B
paiiOHeBpHHCKa> 298.MHOeOTO|>KXeCTBJIeHHeHaXO八HMy
①eHHeJIa, KoToPbl曲Ⅱpe旦ⅡoJIaraeT, IITo <<CaMbcoB 60p>,-
sTo CaMcoHoB JIyr no4 MocKBoit, Heo"oKpaTHo ynoMiIHaeMblii B nyXOB'HblX rl)aMOTaX BeJIMIKHX KHJI3eii 299.
CoBpeMeHHoecocToHHHeHcTopHIIecKoiireorpa(PHHHe
HO3BOJIHeT,瓜aTb yBePeHHOI、O OTBeTa Ha BOnPoC O MeCToHo-
JIoxfeHIIII CBHHcKoro noJIH II CaMbcoBa 60Pa.
CBIIHb (CBHHa, CBHHaH) , ynoMHHaIoUaHcH B JIeToⅡⅢcHbIx CTaTbHX CePe且HHbl XII B.300,- peIIKa, BnanaBmaH B
necHy no,U lIepHIIToBoM, 3ananHee p. CHoBH 301. KpoMe
Toro, B JIeToHIiCaX "rypHpyeT r. CBHHecK (B [IHcJIe ropo40B pH3aHcKHx 302 1I BoJIbIHcKHx 303) , c. CBIIHyxII B BoJIEIHCKOM
KHfDKeCTBe304,r・CBHHorpamBHo八O。ノIHH305,CBHHTopor (皿BHHTopor) - MecTo npli BnanleHHII p. BKJIbHbl B
BeJIlo306,CBHHopTBHoBroponcKoii3eMJIe,yPmeJIoHII307.
reOrPa。HIIeCKHxnOHHT",
HanOMHHaIOmIIXBbIPa)KeHHe
<<CaMbcoB60p>,BJIeToⅡHCHXHeT(ynOMHHalOTcHroPO』
CaM60p II CaIM60pcKaH enapxIIH B BOJIblHcKoit 3eMJIe 308) .
B aKTax CeBepo-BocToIIHohPycH XV-XVI BB. BCTpeIIaeTcH Ha3BaHHe <<CaMcoHoBo)" (Ho He <<CaMbcoBo)') 11 ,npoH3BoXHLIe oT Hero B Py3cKoM, HoBoTop]KcKoM, KamHHcKoM, BoJIoro八cKoM H BeJIo3epcKoM ye34ax 309. CaMcoHoB
298 H. C・JI y p b e. nepBbIe Imieo,JIorH..., cTp. 100.
299 J.Fennell.OP・cit・, p. 341, note 1.
300 nCPJI, T. I1, cTp. 70, 81, 1 18; T、VII, cTp. 58, 59, 66; T. IX, cTp.
208; T、20, nepBaH HoJIoBHHa, cTp. 1 19; T、23, cTp. 41; T. 25, cTp、56,
57, 63; T. 28, cTp. 33, 189.
301 TaM ]Ke, T. 25, cTp. 444; A、H. HacoHoB.《PyCCKaH 3eMJIH> II
o6paaQBa"e reppllTopHH npeBHepyccKoro rocy"pcTBa. M., 1951,
cTp、221, 225, 230.
302 nCPJI, T、VII, cTp. 241; T、23, cTp・1 64.
303 TaM )Ke, T. 23, cTp. 163.
304 TaM )Ke, T・I I, CTp、80; T. V11, cTp. 65; T. 25, cTp. 62.
305 TaM >Ke, T・XVII, CT6.452.
306 TaM )Ke, cT6. 235, 251, 261, 305, 314, 367, 374-375, 440, 493-494.
307くHoBropo八cKaH nePBafI JIeTOmICb CTaPmero M MJIa八meroⅢ3Bo且o”・
nonl pepi. II c npenmcJIoBIIeM A.H. HacoHoBa.M.̲J1., 1950, cTp,239;
HCPJI, T, 1VI. 1, Bbln. 1, cTp、179; cp. A. H. H a c o H o B. <<PyccKaH
3eMn”…, cTp. 118, nplIM. 6.
308 nCPJI, T. II, cTP、361i T. V, BbIn. 1, cTp. 16j T. VII, cTp. 240; T・IX,
CTP.̲XIII, XY; T. XVU, CT6. 112i r. XVIII, crp. 22; T.̅23, CTp. 163.
309Aの3HX,Ⅵ.II,cTp、265,317;AC3H,T、II,cTp、663(cp・cTp. 642) ;
T. 111, cTp. 618.
148
JIyr310THHy"KCCeMq"cKoMy"3M:IfQTnpoeBnocJIeXcT-
BHH,Ka>KefcH,cJMJIocbcMocKBoii312.BMo"oBcKoMye3ne dTMeqeHbI nep. CBHHKIIHo, THHyBmaH K c. IieBJIIo (B go-
jiocTHBope-KOP3eHeBe)313,HCBIIHKHHoo3epKoB6JIII3HTe-
mHJIOBcKHX nePeBeHb (B PaHOHe
、皿OBcKHXⅡePeBeHb(B
PaiTOHeMocKOBcKO-且MHTpOBCKOrO
MocKOBcKO-nMHTPqgCKOrO
py6e]Ka)314.
CBIIHyxoBcKIM
oBparynoMIIHaeTcFI
B
P兄3aHu
tkOM K">KeCTBe 315.
BnHcUoBbIx KI-IIIrax XVI B. 'HeonHoKpaTHo nonanaloTcH
<<CBHHKI" H <<CaMcoHoBbl)> (He <<CaMbcoBbl)>) B pa3Hblx
ye3naX
PyccKOrOroCynapCTBa316.
O6pa皿aFIcb K HCTormHKy BTopoi noJIoBHHbl XIX -
HaIIaJIa XX B.《CmlcKaM HaceJIeHHblx MecT>, Mbl HaxoXHM
nyHKTbI
cHa3BaHIIeM<(CaMcQJIoBo)',<<CaMfo"xa)PHT.Ⅱ.
h. BoJIoTomoKoii,
.BoJIoTo瓜oKoH,
B̅ry6epHIIHx ApxaHFeJIbcKOi, BJIanIIMmpcKqi,
BgicK6it, KaJIy》KcKoH,
BmcKoH,
KaJIy)KcKoii, KocTpoMcKoH,HⅢ]KeropoユcKoH,
KocTpoMcKoi, HIIxferqponlcKo*,
ジ
人
。
⑥
U
p
UcKoBcKoii, P"aHcKoii, CMoJIeHcKoit, TBepcKoM, TyJI.cKoh,
IIepHIIroBcKoi,HpocJIaBcKoii317,T.e.BoBcexTexry6epHHflX, TePPIITOPHH KOTOPblx neJIHKOM IIJIII H"THIIEQ "O"JIa B
co6Taifpyc6Koro ro6yXapcTBa KoHILa XV B.̲B IIep"roBcKoii ry6epHHH "rypHpylOT e皿e CaM6yp, CaM60p Be皿一
KIIii m baM60p MaJI" E CMoJIeHcKoii ry6epHIM -PaMUoBo, CaMUoBar. Ha3BaH" TIma CBIIHb, CBeHb, CBHHaH,
⑪
U
⑪
。
CBIIHIKa, CBIIHKHHo, CBImyxII, CBIIHeHKH, CBIIHaH ny6poBa,
CBIIHaH roPa, CBIIHaH Hora II nP. IIMelOTcfLBo BceXyKa3aHU
⑤
HbIx ry6epiI"x, KpoMe Apx3HreJIbcKoi JI TyJIbcK9#, 4TaK>Ke B iy66pHKHx KypcKoii, MIIHcKo#, MocKoBcKoii, OpJIoBCKOji 318.
OTcvTcTBHe Ha3BaHIIH <CaMbcoB>" B npocMoTpeHHblx
ソ
HaMII IibTopHKo-reorpa。HqecKIIx MaTepHaJIax XVI-XX BB.
31
0 ⅡHnr, cTp. 554.
31
1 TaM >Ke, cTp. 58mⅡp.
31
2
B.
H.
ne6oJIbcKIIii.nyXOBHble
lI
nOroBOPHble
rPaMQJPImgg-
KoBcK" KHfI3eii KaK !1cTopliKo-reorpa"qecKIIii ̅ IIcToIMHIIK, [I]. Cn6.,
1901, cTp. 16.
3ACSIJ, T. I|, cTp、568.
3
1
4ⅡHnr, cTp. 394.
3
1
5ACSH, T. 111, cTp、618.
3
1
6
3
1
《nIIcUOBble KH:HrFI MOCKOBCKorO rocyntaPCTBa, 113"BaeMble IMMm.
pyccKIIM reOrpa*IIIIecKHM o6皿ecTBOM>, I1.1 . yKa3aTeJIb・Cn6., 1895;
曲]K, yKa3aTeJib K nepBbIM mecTH ToMaM (I-VI) . nr" l915.
317
《CnHCKII HaceJIeHHEIx MecT PoccIMcKoih HMneplIII>, I, VI$ VII, X, XV,
x v I I I , x x v , X x x I v , X x x V, x L , x L I I I , x L I V, x Lv I I I , L . C n 6 .
1861-1885.
318
《CIIHcKPI Hace,meHHbIx MecT...", XX, XXIV, XXIX. Cn6., 1862-1871 ;
くCHIIcoK HaceJIeHHblx MecT MHHcKoii ry6epHMII". M、HHcK, 11909.
149
nOKa3blBaeT, IITO 3TO HanlIGaHIie OKIeHb Pen<Koe H MO)KGT
6blTb nia]Ke nPIIHfITo 3a lIcKa>KeHHoe <<CaMbcoHoB>. B &JIIo60M cJIyIIae enBa JIH npaBIIJIbHo IIcKaTb <<CBIIHcKoe noJIe>i',
oTBJIeKmHCb OT《CaMbcoBa 60pa>', 'H Hao60poT. Koma
H.C・JIypbe npenJIaraeT oTo>KnecTBJIHTb CBHHcKoe noJIe c
KaKHM-To MeCTOM Ha BPHH皿I'IHe, OH He yqIITblBaeT OTcyTcTBHH TaM Ha3BaH" <<CaMbcoBo)D, <CaMcoHoBo> II T.Ⅱ.
Ⅱ》K.OeHHeJI,BH皿皿嘘B<<CaMbcoBe60py>CaMcoHoBJIyr
IToI MocKBoii, He npIIHIIMaeT Bo BHHMaHIIe, IITo "nPM - c
3TIJM JIyrOM He ynaeTCH Ha耐ⅢⅡplI3HaKoB <<CBHI-IcKoro
nOJIH》、
HeHMeH3necbBo3IMo>KHocTH
BblFIcHHTbcJIyIIaI'II、eO叩a-
巾HIIecKoii 6JIH30cTH O6もeKToB c Ha3BaHI1eM TIma <<CaMco-
IIOBO》Ho6'beKToB c IIa3BaHIIeM TIfna <<CBIII-Ia月》,《CBelIb>p,
<CBHHKa>IITJI,Mh!IIcxo皿MH3npnymeHIIH(Hy>KnalOlllerOcFI B maJIbHeH皿ei npoBepKe), [ITo B <<CaMbcoBo> - He
omlcKa , a npaB"bHoe HanHcaHIIe. Toraa Mo]KHo yKa3aTh
o皿Oe皿HcTBeHHoe (H3BecTHOe HaM) CorleTaHIie litKoMbIx
Ha3BaHII曲一B CaMHoBcKoii BoJIocTIi noporo6y>KcKoro ye3-
na CIMoJIeHcKoi ry6epHIIII, B paiioHe Me"y Bi3bMoi m no-
poro6y>KeM, K ceBepy oT EJIbHH. TyT Ha CpaBHHTeJIbHo He-
60JIbmoMpaccToFIHHH且PyroT,nPyraHaXOJHTCHnyHKTbl
くCaMUoBo>('f<CaMUoBa)')Ⅲ《CBMIHHaH)>
(CeHHa"npmp[l
CBIIHKe(CeHHoii) 319.<CaMHoB)>MJIII K<CaMbcoB)>6dPMor
npocTIIpaTbcH c ceBepa Ha lor np p11. CBHHKH・KoHeqHo,
nPenJIO>KeHHOe OTO>KXeCTBJIeHHe He nPeTeHnyeT Ha OKOHIIaTeJIbHOe PemeHIie BonPOCa lI HocIIT rmnOTeTHIIeCKIJii XaP aKTep .
O6paTIIMcH K cooTHomeHHIo rJTaroJIa《HCTP aBIITH》c MecToIIMeHHeM |<<ero>p. H. C. JIypbe He naeT nepeBona巾pa3bl lI
He oCTaHaBJIIIBaeTCH Ha 3HaqeHHHrJIarOJ1a <<HCTPaBHTII》.
n>K. eHHeJI nePeBO皿T {<HCTPaBHTII>> KaKくOnyCTOmHT”
H OTHOCIIT 3TO CJIOBO K <<BeJIIIKOMy KHH)KeHIIIO>>: <<tO lay it
waste>. noIIIIMaH a6cypnHocTb TaKoii HHTepnpeTau皿I, OH
nHmeT: <<Me>K,my cJIoBaMII ,,BeJIHKoro KHFI>KeHIIFI.… Ⅱ,!…caM
f G
no6e>Ka" ecTb HenoHHTHaH巾Pa3a: ,,x<eJIaH ero oITycTomI'ITb
(PHcTpaBHTH)Ha
6opyfG>320.
319
<<C60pHIIK
CBIIHcKoM
cTaTI'IcTI,IIIecKIIx
noJIe Bo3Me
cBeneH城 Ⅱo
CMoJIeHcKoii
CaMcoBa
rV6epHI'II"#
TL V. nol)oI、o6y>KcKHii ye3II. CMoJIeHcK, 1889, KapTa B KoHile kflllrm;
4<CMoJIeHcKafl ry6epHI,m. CnIIcoK IIace、meIII化Ix MecTno cBe且eHⅡHM
1859 rOma>. Cn6., 1868, Nb 4963, 4964.
320
J. Fennel l. Op. cit., p. 341, note l.
150
B
cJIoBapHx
pyccKoro
fI3blKa
<<IIcTpaBMTb》ⅡePeBOⅡmTcR
KaK IIcTPe6HTb, m3BecTH, nonOPTIITb, noPaHIITb, HaHecTH
ypOH
m
Tn.321
BaTOM3HgleHHm《HCTpaBI1TI"BeJIMKOe
U
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nePBa兄noJIoBMIHa, cTp. 371 ; T. 26, cTp. 293; T, 28, cTp. 333.
153
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332 <Monumenta HistoriaG Daniae>, 1, s、22, 409; LEKUB, 2-te Abt.、
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叩
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37@ g̲E」l」en"E1isa" Prindles56 5f Danmark, Kurfyrstinde a「
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F. W a g n e r. Der Schatz der Kurffi!.stin E1isabeth von Brandeh-
blll・g.《円ohenzollern-Jahrbuch", VI Berlin-LeipZig1902; g.7F7i;
166
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-
<<Dansk biografisk Leksikon, grundlagt af C.F・Bricka>, VI・Kbh.,
1935, s、291; cP. G・L i e b u s c h. Elisabeth von Dinemark, Kurftirstin von Brandenburg, 1873.
374 C.F・Alle n. Elisab、..., s. 3.4.
375
1bid., s、4.
376
《Monllmenta HisfOriae Daniae", 1, s. 22, 409; LEKUB, 2-te Abt, Bd.
1, S. 623, Anm. 2; C. F̲ A11 e n. E1isabet…,s.4;oH
>Ke.
Detre
11ordiske Rigers Historie, Bd, 1. Kbh., 1864, s、1 99.
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M,一J1., 1941, cTp. 84.
6 Am3HX, [1. 11, JWh 25; cp. ero >Ke rpaMoTy l498/" j,. CIIMoHoBy Mo-
HacTbIplb Ha 3eMIm mBombI B P>KeBckoM ye3Ue (ACSH, T. II, JW̲417) .
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8 H. C. JI y p b e. Hnieo.JIorI円ecKafI ̲6opb6a B pyccKoii ny6JIH山IcTHKe
KoHUa XV - HaIJaJIa XVI BeKa. M.几, 1960, cTp. 408-409.
9 ACSH, T. I, Nh 637, cTp. 550.
Io H.A. Ka3aKoBa II H. C・JI y p b e. AHT"eo"JIbIIble epeTHIIecKHe
IBIilKelllIH Ha pyCII XIV - Hamana XVI BeKa. M.-J1., 1955, cTp. 205;
月.C・JIypbe.IMeoJIorlI'IecKam 6opb6a…, CTp、408.
'l AC31I, T. II, M 305; J F e n n e l l. Ivan thE Great of Moscow・Lon-
don, 1961, p. 341-342; cp.A、A. 3 H M H H. OcHoBHble npo6JIeMbl
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皿oTH3Ma.噸AOCoJIIoTM3M B Poccmm (XVII-XVIII ")". M., 1964,
cTp. 37, nPHM、80.
174
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12 "C6.PIIO", T. 35, cTp. 310; cp.A. A. 3 M M II H. OcHoBHLIe npo6JIe・ Mb1.・・, cTp・107, npHM. 77; o H IK e. O noJIHTIIIIecKHx npemocDIJIKax…,
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13 J. F e n n e l l. Op. cit., p. 342.
14 <C6. PIIO>, T、35, cTp. 310。
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TOBCKOit BO伽・lbI IIMeJIH BajKHOe CTPaTerlIqeCKOe 3HaIIeHKe
(MaJIbli gpocJIaBen) . CKopee Bcero, Bbl"qa rPaMoTbl cocToHJIacb oKoJIo MapTa l501 r・, II60 np aToro BacIIJIHii, HoBH且HMoMy, He HMeJI 6eJIO3ePCKOro HacJIeXcTBa, a B nePlIOX
Me>K,n{y anPeJIeM H IIIoHeM oH oT6blJI B TBepb 26. BepoFITHo,
B 1500 r. BJIaneHPIH B ye34e MaJIoro HpocJIaBUa noJIy'IHJI
Iiepe皿e,Ⅱ皿嘘H|a cJIy>K6y K HBaHy lll KHH3b BacMJIIIih HBa-
22 0 nplIHanl、me>KHocTH PoMaHoBa AHnpelo BoJIb皿oMy cM.: mlnr, Nb 82.
23 AC31I, T. 111, JYb 114.
24 TaM >Ke, M 221.
25 TaMンKe, T. 1, JV@ 631.
26 <<Pa3pfuHaH KImra l475-1598 rr.>. M., 1966, cTp. 3 1 ; rnB, 3pMI・IT.
390, .m. 25-25 06. (noJIb3yIocb MalnⅢHOmlCHOFI KOⅡⅡe曲, nPe40CTaBJ1ellIIoih MHe B. H. ByraHoBblM).
12
C. M. KamTaHoB
177
HOBHII皿eMflIIHII 27. B KaKoji Mepe 6LIJIa BbI3BaHa BbInaqa
rPaMOTbl CTPeMJIeHIieM OrPaHHIIIITb erO nOJIIITHLIeCKOe B皿畑一
R J
HHe B STOM PaHOHe, CKa3aTb TpyIHO.
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HOPMy OrPaHH[IeHIiH MOIIa'CTblPCKOrO Cynte6HOro IIMMyHIITeTa, H3blMaH H3 11ero pymery6cTBo II |pa360ii 'c noJIIIII|HblM.
①HKcaUHH no八CyXHOCTH MOHaCTblPcKOro npHKa3IIHKa H KPecTbHH IB HCKOBblx EleJIax BeJI'HKOKHH)KeCKOMy nPaBIITeJIb|cTBy
cOnPOBo)KnaJIacb ycTa|HOBJIeHHeM JByx |CPOKoB Bbl30Ba KPe-
cTbHH B |cynl. 3HaIIMT, TPoIIUKme MaJIOHPocJIaBeUKIIe ceqJTa
CTaBHIJIHICb nOA 60JIee 'cTpOrH曲KOH叩OJIb UeHTPaJIbHOji BJIaU
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Ba,cIIJIHH, ynpaBJIHBmero B l485 II 1491/92 rr. coce"eii KocTPOMOih; c JPyrOii cTOPOHbl, nPaBa Ha raJIIIII M|Or nPe瓜もHBIITb nepemeユ皿mhB l500 r. 'nonl |cIo3epeHHTeT Iri」BaHa lll
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K CnOPHblM TePPHTOPIIHM CTaHa.
K HHBaplo l501 r. oTHocmTcH BbmaLla npaBoji rpaMoTb」
Ha 3eMJIH FIpocJIaBcKoro ToJIrcKoro MoHacTblpH 30. B poJIM
cy,Ⅱb'H Bbl'Cme曲 ⅢH|CTaHUliH B 3TOM 叩aMOTe BbICTynaeT
HBaH III. B 1500/01 r. HBaH, |BMIIMo, orlacaJIcFI 3a cynlb6y
HpocJIaBJIFI, KoTopblii B 1496 r. ,6bIJI o皿a:H B yneJI BacHJIHIo.
27
B 1505 r. npoBo且mJICH Pa3'be3,m erO 3eMeJIb
B MaJIOFIPoC,JIaBenKOM
ye3"e c 3eMJIFIMII TpoI皿e-CeprlleBa MoIIacTbl" (ACSH, T. I, JYb 659) .
28 TaM ]Ke, T. 111, Nh250, 251.
29
TaM >Ke, T. 11, JYU 424.
30
TaM )Ke, T. 111, JVb 221.
178
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TBepb B l501 r., TBePoKOro KHa>KeHHH oH, o[IeBH且HO, He nO-
"yIIiiJL KalUi B l492/" r" c。epa Ul)oHBJIe¥"yXeJIbHbIx
nOJIHoMoIIIIit BacIIJIHH IIBaIIoBHLIa B TBepcKo# 3eMJIe orpaHⅡ噸BaJ'a,cb Ka皿PIHcKIIM ye3npM. OJJHaKo caMH sTII HoJI!Ho-
MoIIIIH 6blJIH Bbl'Pa>Kellbl 60JIee OnPeXeJI,eHHo, IIeM B
1492/93 r., Korna BacHJIHi ToJIbKo 'noITBep>KmaJI HMMyHH-
TeTHble rpaMoTbl. B l501 r. oH BblmaJI )KaJIoBaHHylo rpaMo-
Ty Tpomme-CeprlieBy MoHacTbI'pIo Ha lBop c noJIJIHoii B Ka-
皿1He Ha nOcane 31' 3To 6blJIa BToPafl nO CLIeTy (HOCJIe rPaMOTbl PoMaHOBcKOMy MoHa'CTbIPIO) caMocToHTeJIbHO BblnaHHaH BalcHJIHeM )KaJIoBall'I-laH rpaMOTa・OHa KacaJIacb Tex >Ke
o6beKToB, qTo 'H rpaMoTa li|Ba|Ha HBaHoBIIIIa l487 r., noXnIICaHHaH HaHMFI BaCIIJI" B 1492/93 r.32
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(ocBo60)KnleHHe oT "HH, noco皿HOii CJIy>K6bl H《ⅡomJIH") ,
a cyne6Hblii IIMMyHHTeT pe3Ko palcmmpHJIcH (B rpaMoTe 60-x
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且ymery6cTBo II TaTb'6a c |noJIIIIIHblM, B rpaMoTe l501 r.TOJI bKO Iy皿ery6cTBo, npHqeM K 3ToMy 'nplIcoemIHHJIocb ocBo60)KnleHHe oT HaMec'IYHIIIIbHx KopMoB H no60poB npaBeni、
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cTaTbH o HOJIC|ynHO!cTH eMy HryMGHa 'Ii erO npllKa3[IHKa. 3Ta
cTaTbH nOCHraJIa Ha nPePOraTHBbI He MIITpo'IIoJIHTa, a BeJIHU
KOrO KHH'3H, 'KOTOPbllI HBJIHJICH且JIH TpOHuKOrO HryMeHa lcy4b-
eii Bblc皿eii IIHcTaHUHH |cor@macHo rpaMoTaM 1492 1、、
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6eJIO3ePcKIie 3eMJIH anPe@ノIH 1502 r. B poJIH cynlblI Bblcmek
3
1 TaM >Ke, T. I, Nb 637.
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179
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Ho 3aKoHIIeH npli llBaHe lll 35. CoeJJIHeHHe Bcex aKToBblx II
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1501 r. BacIIJImii HMeJI B yneJIbHoM BJIaneHIM BeJIoo3epo II
PoMaHoB; 24 MapTa B MoIcKBy BblexaJI n,cKoBIc:KIiji KHR3b
AJIeKcaHIp BJIaJIHMHpoB1III, a TeM BpeMeHeM B MapTe - anPeJIe lI, oIIeBHIHO, n03)Ke ncKOBII1IH HeoXHOKPaTHO O6Pallla-
JTHcb K HBaHy lll II BacIMHIo I/I'BaHoBwIy lc 'nPocb6aMII o
BoeHHoii noMomH B 60pb6e c JIHBoHcKHM o"eHoM 36; B KaKoe-To BpeMH Me>Kny anpeJIeM H HIoI-IeM BacPIJI" yexaJI B
TBepb ,c BoeBoXaMH H JIBopeUKHM B. I'I.roJIeHIIHbIM; B aBrycTe l501 r. oH BblnaJI rpaMoTy TpomUe-CeprmeBy MoHaICTblPIO !Ha KamlIHcK砿且BoP; B oKTH6'pe l501 r・くBeJIHKHe
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ye34a 39, 3TH rpaMOTbl KaCaJIH,Cb 3eMeJIb B nerO)KCKOM nOrocTe, p6paUeHIIoM K JIIIToBcKoMy TeaTpy BoeHHblx neii-
CTB" 40,IIHMeJIHHe TOJIbKOBHyTPHnOJilITHqeCKylO,HOII
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《Ⅱo)KaJIoBaJI cblIHa cBoero BacmJIIIa, 6JIaTocJIo|BIM ,H no,caJIHJI
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HalllHBalcIIJIHHHa[IaJIoIcbKpyinHoeo60poiHHoecTpoIITeJIb34 AC3H, T・I1, Nb 336.
35 TaM >Ke, Nb 337.
36《ncKoBcKme JIeToHIIcII>, Bbln. I, cTp. 84-85.
37 TaM )Ke, cTp. 86.
38 nCPJI, T. VI, cTp. 48, 243; T. V111, cTp. 242; T. XII, cTp. 255; T. 20
nepBa兜noJIoBIIHa, cTp. 373; T. 23, cTp・197; T. 26。 cTp. 295; T. 28,
cTp. 336.
39 g. H C a M o K B a c o B. ApxIIBHblii MaTepliaJI, [T・II M., 1905, oTn.
II, cTp. 7, 8.
40 ner)KOnorocT Ha p. meJIoHII, He八aJIeKo OT ee lICToKOB, K IOro-BOCToKy oT 3Tgro. nOrocTa Haxo".mcFI XoJIM, K ceBepo-3anany - nopxoB
(cM. KaPTy K. A. HeBoJIIIHa).
41 CM. cH. 38, a TaK>Ke T. 30, cTp. 139.
180
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JIoBaHHyIo rpaMoTy noKpoBcKoMy ymlmKoM'y MoHacTblplo
Ha BoTIIIIHbI B Be)KeUKoM Bepxe 43; JIeToM l502 r. (Io aBrycTa) Ba'cHJT" BJIaleJI BeJIoo3epoM.
TaKoe pa!cnpenleJIeHIIe cBeneHIIii roBopHT He ,cToJIbKo o
coBMellIeHHII Ba'cIIJIHeM pa3JTHII|Hblx 。yHKⅡ砿 H TeppIITOpHaJIDHblx nPaB, cKOJIbKO O 'Ia:cTBIX 」nePeMeHax B erO .n'OJIO>KeHIIH, KoToPOe OcTaeTcH cTaOIIJIb」HblM JIIImb B OIHOM OTHO一
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m peaJIbl-IblM npoFIBJIeHHeM npalB Ba:cHJIHFI Ha Be>Kem〈1曲
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42 nCPJ1, T. 1V, q. 1 , Bbln. 3, cTP. 61 1
43 AC3II, T. 111, Nb 82.
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cOIo3 C HeKOToPbIMI'I BJIHFITem)IbHeiimIIMII BeJIIJMo)KaMM H xOTeJI H3BeCTH
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KHFI3b HIIKOMy He Pa3PemaeT HH B'IJe3>KaTI> B cTpaHy, HII Bble3>KaTb II3
Hee; OH cTaJI nOn03PHTeJIeH I1 60HTCFI, IITO B cTPaHe nPOII30imeT 60JTbmaH pacnl)FI. OIHaKo npeZcTaBIITeJIH o"eHa Bblpa31IJIII ̲KpaiiHee He40Beplie K 3ToMy II3BGcT}IIo (LEKUB, 2-te AI)t., Bd. 2, Nb 441 , S 333;
yKa3aJIa lI nepeBeJIa co cTapoHeMenKoro A.几XopomKeBHq). UeicTBIITeJIbHo, H1Iqero noXo6Horo no pyccKIIM HcToIIHIIKaM IIe Ha6JIIomaeTcFI, a co6bITIIFI, omlcaHHble mlGHIIblM, HanoMIIHaloT 3aro'Bop l497 r.
45,H.C・J1 ypbe・KpaTKI'Iii JIeTonHceu norozIIIHcKoTo co6paH順.《Apxeorpa"qecKIIji
e)KGI,o皿HK 3a l962 roユ沙M.、1963, cTp. 443.
46 rnB, norom. 1905, &T. 57-57 06., Nb 33.
47 nCPJI, T、VI, cTI). 48; T̲ VIII, cTp. 242-243; T. XII, cTp. 256; T. 20,
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73 E. D e n i s s o f f. Aux origines de l'6glise rLIsse aLltoc印hale・一
《Revue des etudes slaves",t. 23, fasc. 1-4. paris, 1947, p. 86--88.
79 Cp. A. n. Ka八。JIy6OBCKHiI. OqepKI'I no Jll)eBHepyccKoH J1HTepaType >KPITHii cBFITblx. BapmaBa, 1902, cTp. 328-329 (o cxeMaTIM3Me KoHnenUMIII Ka1ny60BcKoro cM.: H. C. JI y p b e. I'IAeQJIoI、HIJecKMI 6opb6a…, cTP 289-291 ) .
192
TopHii 80. 3a6erafI Ha 60 JIeT Bnepen<, Mo)KHo oTMeTHTb, IITo
JIIIKBM八aUliH CTapMUKoro yXeJIa Bo BpeMH onpHKIHHHbl cpa3y
>Ke cHli3HJIa poJIb Moc"o-BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro MoHacTblpH B
rJIa3aX nPaBMTeJIbCTIBa.A. A. 31IMHH B HccJIenpBaHHH, Ho=
⑪
CBFI皿eHHoM 9ToMy MoHaCTblPlo, nPOcJIe>KHBaeT OO皿HH yna-
IOK BJI"HIIFI HOc"JIHH Bo BPeMH OmpHIIHHHbl 81.
HaJIHIIHe B XVI B. ynleJIoB Mexmy MocKBoii H HoBropoJpM HBJIFIJIOCb nOJIHTIIqecKHM ,aKTOPoM, Me皿aBmHM BblPa60TKe o6皿ePyCCKOii nPorPaMMbl ceKyJIHplI3aⅡⅢH. CHMHToMaTHIIHa nPOTHBOPeIIIIBOCTb CHTyauHH B caMoM HoBropoXe.
C oIHoii cTopoHbI, ZBaH III B l499 JIJIm l500 r. npom3BeJI
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B Te )Ke rOnlbl yKPenJIHJIHCb nO3HUHII HOBrOPOICKIIx MOHa-
cTbIPeii, cBH3aHHblx c BeJIHKOKHH)KecKIIM nPaBHTeJIbcTBOM.
ApxIIenmcKon mrpaJI B HoBropoJle poJIb aHaJIorH【畑ylo
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II HMMyHKTeTHble nPHBHJIerlM.
noJIIITHIIecKaH PoJIb MoHacTblpe曲 B Pa3JIIIIIHOii MePe
coxpaHHJIacb H B XpyrHx paiioHax cTpaHbl. BoT HoIIeMy HaM
Ka)KeTcH,
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npo6@IIeMaceKyJIHpH3aUHHHnpo6。JIeMayXeJIoBHaxo,Ⅱ11iJIHCb B TecHOik B3aHMoCBH3H・HaIIaJIo TH)KeJIo曲60JIe3HII MBa-
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0JHaKo ToJIbKo 21 ceHTH6pH 1503 r. IIBaH III oTnpaBHJIcH
C CblHOBbHMH B HOe3nXy nO CeBePHblM ye3naM 83, KOTOpaH
npo皿HJIacb nP 9 HoH6pH l503 r・UeJIb nOe3XKH COCTOHJIa,
OIIeBH4Ho, B TOM, [ITO6bl Ha MeCTe,ⅡPrOBOPHTbcH HaCIIeT
80 SToMy He npoTMBopeqHT To o6cToHTeJIbcTBo, IITo nepBoHaIIaJIbHo
I'Ioc" BoJIonK" B皿eJI OHoPy B y,meJII'1・lblX KHFI3bFIx, a He B MOcKOBcKoM npaBHTeJIbcTBe (H. C. JI y p b e. I'MeoJIorHIIecKaH 60pb6a…, cTp.
260-261 ) .
81 A. A. 3 M M H H. OIIGpKH IIo HcTopHH qJeontaJIbHoro 3eMJIeBJIaneHIIH M
xo3HiicTBa
B
MocKoBcKoM rocynapcTBe XVI B.M., 1947 (rBJI, MamliHonlicb) , cTp. 618-623.
82 nCPJI, T. XII, cTp. 257.
83 TaM >Ke, T. VIIl, cTp. 243; T. XII, cTp. 257-258.
1 3 C 、 M . K a m Ta H O B
193
Pa3MePOB II rPaHI皿6yny皿IIx ynleJIoB 84. BepoHTHo, B aBryフ
cTe - ceHTH6pe BeJIHK" KHH3b >KnaJI cO60pHoro nPHroBoPa
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(o HeB3IIMalIIM M3,mbl 3a XHPoToHIIIO, O皿OBbIXnoⅡaxll
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IBa nOcJIe皿Hxpe皿eHIIFI 6bIJIII IIOC"JIHHCKHMII nO CBOeil
HanPaBJIeHHocTII 87.
no MHeHIIIo IO. K. BeryHoBa, y氷e 60JIE3Hb HBaHa lll B
nocJIenHIIx IIIIcJIax HIoJ1H
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II caM IO. K. 6eryHoB1, cyn no noBomy mJIeMeHcKIIx 3eMeJIb
H KoH。JIHKT HBaHa III c TpoIiUKIIM HryMelloM CepamloHoM,
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。
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BaTb lia OCHOBaHHH叩yrlIx cBHneTeJIbcTB o co60pe. B T. H.
《nHcbMe o Hemo6Kax》HB )KIITIIHルIoc,H巾a, cOCTaBJIeHHOM
JIb|BoM HdIIOJI'OrOM, yKa3blBaIOTcH JBa 3Tana 3aceXaHHii
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u
HblH BOnPOcy O !BIOBblx nOnax, H BTOPOH - O MOHacTblPCKIIx
II nePKoBHblx 3eMJIHx 89.
40KyMeHTaJIbHble HCToIIHHKH HcHo rOBOPHT, IITo nePBblii
co60p 6bl@m B aBrycTe - ceHTH6pe. no nPe且noJIo>KeHHIo
A. A. 3HMHHa, HocII. BoJIoUK" yexaJI H3 MocKBbl cpa3y
nOCJIe 3TOrO CO60Pa B CBH3H cO CMePTbIO BOJIOUKOii KHHrH84 C. M. K a m T a H o B. H3 HcToplIII
MTI'IAH", T. 10. M., 1957, cTp. 280.
83 AA3, T. 1, JYb 382.
86 TaM )Ke, Nb 383/1.
nocJI"HIIx
yneJIoB.《TpV・Ubl
87 A. A. 3 11 M H H. KHFDKecKHe nlyxoBHble rPaMoTbI HaIIa.JIa XVI B.《HcToI)HLIecKMe 3anIIcKH:", T. 27, cTp. 271; <<HocJIaHIIFIしIoc"a BoJIoUKoro>, cTp. 372.
88 10. K. B e r y H o B̲ yKa3̲ coIJ., cTp. 360.
89くnocJIaHIIH HocHq)a Bo、moUKoro>', cTp. 367; ">KIITPIe npenonp6Horo
I'IocM(ba BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro, cocTaBJIeHIIoe HeH3BecTIIblM》《qTeHP1H
OlInp>, 1903, KH. 111, IoTJl.] II, cTp. 36-37.
194
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HK ynbHHbl 90, T. e B HaIIaJIe IIoH6pH (oHa yMepJIa, KaK
VcTalloBIIJI A A 31IMHH, 4 HoH61)R 9II A A 3HMHIIy yXajloCb TOqHo naTIIPoBaTb cMePTb Py3cKOro KHH3H IIBaHa Bo-
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no ero no瓜nIMC'H Ha XyxOBHOii rPaMoTe HBaHa BOpHCOBH-
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B MoHacTbIpe. CorJIacHo )KIIITIIIo IIoc"a, cocTaBJIeHHoMy
JIbBOM ①HJIOJIOrOM, Ha cO60P O MOHaCTbIPCKIIx II HeP'KOBHblx 3eMJIFIx IIocIim BoJIoUK" 6blJI <<naKII)> Bbl3BaH (II3
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l504 r. 97
B《nHCbMe O HeJIIO6KaX》HCTOIIHIIKe 60JIee paHHeM,
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He
rOBOPlITCH
o
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90 A. A. 3 11 M II II. KHFDKecKIIe Ayxo.BHble rpaMoTbI..., cTP 271 ;《nocJIaHIIH HOCH巾a BoJIoUKoro>, cTp. 372.
91 A. A. 3 II M I1 11. KHIDKecKHe 'myxoBHble rpaMoTbl..., cTp. 269.
92 TaM )Ke.
93 nHnr, Nb 88.
94<>KIITIIenpeno八o6HoroHocH*aBoJIoKoJ1aMcKpro,cocTaBJIeliHpeCaBBOIo!enmckonoMKpyTIIIIKHM,.-- "(IITeHMHE MocKoDCIfoMO6皿ecTBe
JIIo6 IITeqJIenユyxoBH6fo npocBemeHII", {[1. 21 M., 1865, cTp、32-33.
95 10.K,BeryHoB.yKa3・coII., CTp、352.
96 B nepBoM co60pHoM oTBeTe roB'oPHTcHY:' S、CIIMoH MIITpoIIoJIHT B'cea
PyClIH II aPxlMemICKonbI II emlcKonbI…》(くnocJIaHIIFI Hoc"a BoJIon-
KOrO>, CTP,322) ; Bo BTopoM nocJIaHIII! CKa3aHo: f<...CMMoH MIITPoIIMMT
Bcea PVcMH H aPxlIemIcKoⅡHeⅡHcKoⅡb1...》(TaM )Ke, cTp. 325) .
B 1503.r. 6blJI Bbel、'O OntIIH aPXmenIICKOm Ha PyCM -- reHHa皿曲. noJ'ンKHOCTb POCTOBCKOro aPXHenHCKona oCTaBaJIaCb He3aMe皿eHHOA C flH-
BapH 1503 r. JIo HHBaPb l50Q r. (II M C T p o e2;̲Emi" "a!"
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oT 6 aBrycTa ̅1503 r. H ceHTfl6" l503 1,.- AA3, T. I, Nb 382, 383/1) .
97 HCP几T. 1V,II. 1,Bbln、3, cTp. 611.
195
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nonax 98. KC'ノIoBO HHOe》Ⅲ《nHcbMo O HeJIIO6Kax> OnHCblBaloT, no-BH"IMOMy, He Pa3Hble, XPOHOJIOrHIIe'CKII 3HaIIIITe.JIb-
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CKO 1,0 99).
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paMKH?ComacHo秘ⅢTHIO,HBaHIIIHaHeKoTopOeBPeMH
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TeJIbHblM, oH, 0JHa|Ko, He HeBo3Mo)KeH. BepcHH <<nHcbMa o
HeJIl96Kax)>, me HIIIIero He roBoplITcFI o6 6Tbe3nle IIocH。a
m3MocKBbInocJIenePBoroco60Pa,KoHeIIHo,"yq皿ecorJIaCyeTCHCBbInBHraeMoMiXPoHOJIorHeitBTOPOrOCO60Pa.
98《HQIZa co|BepmHcH co60p o BIoBblx nonex H o IHFIKoHex, H Halla cTapeU HIIJI r"aIoJIaTII, 9To6b[ y MaHacTbipeii ceJI He 6bIJIq…》(《nocJIaHmHMoc"a Bo.moUKoro", cTP. 367) .
99 B >KHTHI,I HocH*a, cocTaBJIeilHoMJIbBoMの}MoJIoroM, H B JKIITIM CePPjlHOHa rQBOPIITCH O BblCTynJIGHHH HecT"KaTeJIeA, 6e3 yKa3aHIIFI HMeH:
@<HeKoHM 60 0TUeM." (<>KIITIle npeno406Horo mocI1ja BoJIoKoJIaMcKoro, cocTaBJIeHHoe Hell3BecTIIblM>, cTI). 37; r. H. M o II c e e B a. )KII-
THe.̲"alppoJlgKOIp̲ apxIIenIIcKona
LXXI. M.- J1., 1965, crp. 156) .
Ioo nCPJI, T. 30, cTp. 175-176, 200.
10' AA3, T. I, JVb 383/1.
CepanHoHa.噸Tpynbl
OnPJI",
1o2噸>KIITIIenpeno406HoroHocIIjaBoJToKo.maMcKoro,cocTaBJIeHHoeHeM3BecTHblM>, cTp. 36.
196
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21 ceHTH6pH 1503 r. He npoTHBope[IIIT HoKa3aHHHM aKToBhIx
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3.Bo3pox月eHIIe y"e入EHOM CIICTeMLI
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MecTo, rme o6 3ToM coo6maeTcH B )KHTIIHx (nocJIe paccKa3a
o co60pe, 06cy>KnaBmeM mlaHbl ceKyJIHpH3aUlM) , He no3BoJIHeT
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co60pe, qTo II Bonpoc o BJIoBLIx Honax (H. C. JI y p b e.Ⅲ八eoJIorHtlecKafI 60pb6a….cTp. 410).
104く>K'HTIfe npenono6Horo HocI"a BoJIoKoJIaMcKoTo, cocTaBJIeHHoe He. H3BecTI・IblM>, cTp. 39; r. H M o II c e e B a. yKa3. coI1., cTp、157. .
105 10. K. B e r y H o B. yKa3. coLI., cTp、359, npHM. 32.
106 B CTeneHHoii KHHre nocJIe H3BecTHH o 60JIe3HII I'iBaHa lll roBol)IITcJI:
《I'1 TaKO CaMOneP>KaBHblit He ylIbl, HII O6JIeHIICJI, nOJIe3HaH 'nymH
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cbIHoMcBoIIM…> (,niaJIee O nOe3XKe nO CeBePHbIM ye3JlaM-nCPJI,
T、2 1, BTopaFI HoJIoBIIHa, cTp. 577) .
197
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OrPaHHIIHTb erO aⅡneTHTbl, yKPenJIHH CBOIO BJIacTb Ha nO,qC Ty n a X K y 八 e J I b H b l M B O J I O C T H M ・
B nepecJIaBcKoii rpaMoTe MIITPoHoJIHLIbeMy npMy "rypml)yIoT ceJIa B BeJIHKoii cJIo60", KoHIomcKoM M HI'IKmUKoM
cTaHax l83. BeJIIIKafl cJIo60Aa - Ioro-3ananHaH IIacTb nepecJIaBJlb-3aJIeccKoro ye3" - Haxo,瓜HJIacb B6JIH3H 3aMocKoB1
77 ACSIJ, T. 111, JVb 48a, cTp. 73, rp. 353, 354.
1
78
B.̲ P. K O 6 PjI H. nBe >KaJIOBaHHble rPaMOTb! IIynlOBy MOHacTblPlo
(XVI B.).く3anMcKII omeJIa pyK,omiceii rocyAapcTBeHHoik 6M6JIIIoTeKHHM. B. H. J1eHIIH", Bbln. 25. M., 1962, cTl). 295.
9 A3HX, w.1,JVb ll3.
7
1
0
8
1
1 B. H.Ue6oJIbcKIIk.yKa3. coII., [BbIn. l], cTp. 5-6.
8
1
2 瓜ⅢⅡr, cTp. 360.
8
1
TaM )Ke, cTP. 196.
8
1
3
Aの3IIX, [1. 1, JYb l34.
213
cKoii BoJIocTII KyIIeH ]84, KoTopafl, KaK H rycJIIiUa, B XV B.
6blJIa K UMIITPOBy @<nPlmaHa),, a HBaHOM III 3aBeuallaCaMoMV MJIa1meMV cblHV - AHnpelo
ム
(rpaHIIIIIIJTa
c MIJ皿VTIIご
HbIM) J<OHIOmCKHii CTaH, PacnOJIO>KeHHblji ceBePO-BoCTOtlHee
nepecJIaBcKoro o3epa, npocTIIpaJIcfl fIo pocToBcKoro py6e]Ka l85. HIIKI皿KIIil cTaH nPIIMblKaJI K o3epy c IOro-BocTOKa.
OH TFIIIyJIcfl no p. Tpy6e>Ky '86 B cTopoHy lOpbeB-noJIbcKoro
ye3na. IOpbeB-n'oJIbcKaH rpaMoTa Ha3blBaeT BJIanleHHH B
myTKHHe cTaHe l87. SToT cTaH 3aHHMaJI neHTpaJIbHylo IIacTb
ye3" B 6acceiiHe p. KoJIoKmH I88・myTKI'IH CTaH BXO瓜皿He管
Korma B c。ePy BJIIIFIHIIH yneJIbHorO JMHTPoBCKOro KHH3H
IOpHH BacIIJIbeIBHIIa.
Bo BJIa且HMIIPcKoih rPaMOTe MIITPoIIOJIIITy nePeIIIIcJIeHbl
3eMeJIbHble BJIalleHH兄B CJIePylOUMX a4MHHI,ICTPaTHBHblX e4H-
H皿ax: B OIIoJ1LcKoM, BoTo。mlo6cKoM,《MeJIexOTUKOM> (I/IJIbMexoUKoM) , KJIeKoBe cTaHax, B CeHry, B Pory, B BoJIocTHx
CJIaBUoBe, Bamaqe, ConoMoBe, >Kal、anoBe, THyHUoBe yme,
noropeJIIIIle, CaHHIIIIe l89・O noJIbcKH曲, BoroJIIo6cKIm, HJIbMexoUKH曲H KJIeKoB cTaHbl cocTaBJIHJIII UeHTpaJIbHylo IIacTb
BJIanHMHpcKoro ye3na, npH'IeM nepBble TpH 6blJIII pacnoJIo>KeHbl K ceBepy oT p. KJ1H3bMbl lI rpaHIILIHJIII c ye3naMII Cy3且aIIbcKHM (OnoJIbcKIIji, BoroJIIo6cKHii cTaHbl) II IOpbeB-
HoJIbcKIIM (MJIbMexoUKIIM cTaH) 19q BoJIocTb CaHHHue, BepOJITHO, BXO瓜HJIa ,B cOcTaB IIJIbMexOUKorO cTaHa lI 3axBaTblBaJIa 3eMJ1H Ho npaBoMy 6ePery p. KJIH3bMbl ]91. KJIeKoB
CTaH, JIe)KaBmmHK Iory oT r. BJIanIIMHpa B 6acceiiHe peK
By>KHH noJIH, npIIToKoB OKH '92, rpaHIIIIHJI Ha 3ana"e c
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KapTa no八MocKoBbFI) ; cp. B. H. n e 6 0 JI b c K II ih. yKa3. coII.,
Bbln. II, cTI). 21 11 KapTa B KoIIlle KHI"Irm; 10. r o T b e. yKa3. coII.,
F
弓
c Tp . 0 / / .
185 10. r O T b e. yKa3. COtl., cTp. 582. O MecTonoJIo>KellHII ynoMHIIyToro
B rpaMoTe c. MI、I.mHTIIHa KoHIomcKoro cTalla cM.:IO.r・AJIeKceeB.
ArpapHa別HcoUHaJIbHaH IIcTopHH CeBepo-BocTo[IHoiI PycII XVXVI B. nepeHcJIaBcKIIih ye3,nl. M.- J1., 1966, cTp. 143.
186 10. r o T b e. yKa3. cotl., cTp. 583.
187 A3HX, U。 I, Nb 150.
188 10. r o T b e. yKa3. coMI., cTp. 600.
189 A311X, U. 1, Nb 224.
190 10. T o T b e. yKa3. coII., cTI). 556-558.
191 TaM >Ke, cTP、558.
192 TaM IKe, cTP、557.
214
cJIaBHbl l93, BblmeJIec - KIIH3H AHnpefl yrJIHⅡKOrO 194. Bal、JIalleBcKaH BoJIOcTb 6blJIa COcTaBHOカIIacTblo KJIeKoBa cTEI-
Ha l95 BoJIocTb CeHer Haxo且HJIaCb B 6aCceiHe P・CeHbrH I96,
npaBoro npHToKa KJIFI3bMbl l97・Ha 3anane K HeHnpHMblKa。"
3aMocKoBcKaH o6JIacTb 3arapbe '98, Ha loro-3anane - rycJ1皿al99 (o6e B XV B. BenaJIIIcb nMHTpoBcKHM yneJIbHblM
KHFI3eM, a B lyXOBHOii I'IBaHa lll 6blJIH 3aBemaHbl AHJpeIo
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>KeHHbl# B CpeXHeM TeIIeHIIH p.ⅡeKmll, rpaHH[IIIJI c lOPbeBnoJIbcKHM ye3HoM Ha ceBepe 200 II, BepoflTHo, c MapHHIIHcKoii cJIo604oinePecJIaBcKoTo ye3na Ha 3anane. BoJIocTb
>KaraJ1oBa (IIJIII )KeraJIoBcKafl) TaK>Ke Haxo皿JIaCb B 6aCceihHe p. neKmII 20'. MecToHoJIo)KeHHe CJIaBUoBa 202, CoHoMoBa, THyHUoBa yrJIa H nOropeJIHnbl HaMH He ycTaHoBJIeHo.
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1 0 . r o T b e . y K a 3 . c “ . , C T P, 5 5 7 .
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CM. KapTy MocKoBcKoii o6JIacTルI I939 r.
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201
TaM >Ke, cTp. 557.
202
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215
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207 A31JX, K1.1, Nb 313.
208 B. H. ne6oJlbcKIIii. yKa3. coII.、BbIn. 11, KaPTa B KOHUe KHIIrH.
209 n11mr, cTp. 356.
210 ACSPI, T. II, Nb 338.
211 TaM )Ke, Nb 337.
212 TaM >Ke, Nb 336.
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236 nCPJI, T、24, cTp. 215.
237 ACSH, T. I, Nb 654.
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238 AC3I/i T. 11, Nb 428.
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240 HMJI、, CTp、364.
241 ACSI'1, T. 111, JNb 186.
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46 ACSH, T. 11, Nh 429.
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8 AC91M, T. 111, Np 478.
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257 rnB, noron. 1564, J1. 86. noIIepK XVI B:, J1HcT MeHbmero *opMaTa,
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Hbll511r.npaIBHTeJIbcTBo叩e3B¥qaiHoCTPorOnPllJSP>KM-
BaJIOICbnPHHUIIIHOBHMMyHIITeTHO力ⅡOJIIITHKII,BblPaOoTaHHblx B HoCJIetmHHe l5 JIeT KHFDKeH" HBaHa lll. OCo6eHHo
KacaJIocb 3To 'nonaTHoro IIMMyHIITeTa. B BeⅡHKoKHH砥ecKHe
rpaMoTbll505-cepeⅡHHbll511rr.,3apeX'laii皿HMHHcKJIIotlbHHHMII,HenoMeUaJIIIcbcTaTbH,。HKcIiPOBaBmHeCBo6OAy
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aMoT3ToroBPeMeHIIHeTHI'IO八HOMTapXaHHOiil5HJIIIO6eJIbHO曲rP aMOTbl.
npaBHTeJIbcTBo BacmJIMIH III npoXoJI""o orpaHMIIeHIle
JIbrof MIITPonoJIH[Ibero ppMa. B anpeJIe l506 r. 6blJIa gbl4a-
Ha Hecy"IMaH II 3anoBe4HaH rpaMoTa MHTponoJIIITy CIIMo13 TaM ]Ke, T. I, Nb 304 (cp. TaM )Ke, JYh 568) . MeHee yBepeHHo. XEI4HaBJIIIBaeTcFIcooTHomeHIfeMe)KnlycJIeXyIo皿HMIIrpaMoTaMH:ACS1'1,
f l, Nb 246, 247 (paHHme) !I 327̅ (no3"Hali̲JMb̲g09, 31qLEaHHmgl "
414,' 417 (nb3"m6); JVh 318 (paHH") m mB, noron. 1905, n 5757 06., JYb 33 (Ho3"") .
14 ACSM, T. I, JYi 332, 388, 412, 455, 491-491a, 492; T・II, Nb 366.
15 M.H・CMIIpHoB IIopl l506 r. ynoMIIHagT HeH3BecTHylo HaM<TaPXaHHIIKoJIIHyIO:p
HyIO》
rPaMoTy
rPaMoTy HIIKOGIIIJCKoMy llePeCJIaBcKOMy MOHacTblPIO
(M. H. C M II p H o B. yKa3aTeJIb pyKOnIIcHbIx II Ij3"HIipIx ̲49Ky"eHToB
nepecJIaBcKorb KpafI. nepecJIaBJIL-3aJIeccKI1ii, 19244.JVh 90) . O,IHaKo
TePMIIHoJIorlim M.̅ H. CMIipHoBa nloBepHTb He"b3fI. HeQI瓜HMyIOII3aHOBe"yIorpaMoTyCHMoHOByMoHacTblploHaceJ1皿o BJ1ynloBo (Xn,
I, JYb 50) oH BcJIeX 3a C. A.皿yMaKOBblM Ta,K>Ke Ha3blBaeT <<TaPxaHHOii> (M,Ⅲ. CMHpHoB. yKa3. coII., Nb 95).
244
Hy Ha CeJIaH且epeBHI1 KocTpoMcKoro ye3" 16. Conep>KaHIIe
ee coBnanaeT co cTaTbHMII rpaMoT, Bbl,maHHblx B l504 r.
BMecTe c TeM cTapble )KaJIoBaHHble rpaMoTbl Ha
MHTpono-
JIIItIbH BJIaneHIIH KocTpoMcKoro ye3ma 3aKJIIoqaJIH B ce6e
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T aMirHH四pyrlIx no皿ⅡⅢ,H 17. B cneUliaJIbHoii rpa'MoTe c nPoIIeToM l464-1473 1T・HBaH III Tpe60BaJI oT MecTIHblx BJIa:cTeii, LITo6bl oHH He HapymaJIIII erO >KaJIOBaHHyIO rPa|MOTy Ha
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(oTMe[IeHIHoe H B rpaMoTe l506 r) . MKa'3HaH rpaMoTa 6blJIa
、
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II
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c cyAe6HbIMII HonaTHble nplIBHJIerlIH・
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orpalHII:qeHHe H MoHacTbllp:cKoro IIMMIyHHTeTa. Ha,npIIMep, B
1 507 r. 6blJIa BblnaHa Hecyn|IfMo-BalnoBeXHaH rpaMoTa CHMoHoIBy MoHalcTbl|plo Ha ceJIa Kopo60Bo, JIHT。BH.HoBcKoe II
OKyJIoB'cKoe MocKoBIcKoFo ye3Xa l9. noJIHblh ⅡOnaTHOii H
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BcH,KHx nOmJIIIHH,ⅡeJI. HaMe|cTHH,KII H IIx are.HThl He nPJI)K-
HIJI 6blJIH CynHTb MoHacTblPcKIIx KPecTbHH《HII B IIeM>. B3aMeH Bcex JIb'I℃T M'OIIalCTblPb O6H3bl'BaJIIcH K ynJIaTe B BeJIHKoKHFI>KecKylo Ka3Hy Be'cbMa He3HaIIIITeJIbHoTo oi6poKa Ⅱo noJITHHe B ron21. BacIIJIH曲III He no瓜ⅡHcaJI rPaMOTy
l447 r. Ha |cIBoe HMH, H oIHa, TaKIIM o6pa30M, noTepHJIa 3IHaIIe,HIIe neiiICTBylOmero lop珊旦HIIecKoro aKTa. HoBafl rpaMoTa
1507 r・ycTaHalBJIIIBaJIa ro'Pa310 60JIee y3KHit KPyr MOHaCTblpcKIIx nplI|BHJIeTIIit. B Hei 6blJI coIBepmeHHo o60"eH Bonpoc o ,noniaTHblx JIbToTax. TeM caMblM HaceJIeH,IIe MoHa:co6
l
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rHM, CIIM. KH. 58, Ho MocKBe M 41,皿虹. 188-190.
ACSH, T. 11, Nb 349.
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1505 10 cepenHHbl l51 1 rr. 6blJI BpeMeHeM HalI60Jlee nocJIeZoBaTeJIbHoji 60pb|6bI npa'BHTeJIbcTIBa BacHJIHFI III 3a o|rpaI-IHqeHIIe nonaTHo'r|o HMIMyHIITeTa. B sToT neplIonl B >KaJIoBaHHble rPaMoTbl
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JIOBIM BHeCeHHH 'B Ka3|Hy MenIBfIHOrO O6pOKa 24. 3Ta npHBIIJIerHFI o6'bFIc'HHeTcFI pHIoM 叩e3BblrlaihHblx o6cToHTeJIb、cT,p.
B a;cHJIルIIO III 6blJIo Heo6xO"IMO 3aPyII'HTbcFI ,nOⅡⅡep>KKoM
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⑪
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22 CIIMoHoBy MoHacTbIpIo 6blJIa BblmaHa B l507 r. rpaMoTa Ha 6eJIo3ep-
cKIIe BoTIIHHbl (UrAHA, rKS no BeJIo3epcKy, JYb 51/752), aHa,Ⅱor晒一
Hag rpaMoTe l507 r. Ha MocKoBcKHe ceJIa. no npe>KHeii rpaMoTe (KHH3H MIIxawIa AHnpeeBIIIIa
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l485 r.)
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(AC3H, T・II, Nb 397).
23 C. B. B e c e JI o B c K II ji. eona.TbHoe 3GM&neBJIaneHIIe B CeBepo-Bo・
cToqHoii PyCIi. M.- J1., 1947, cTp. 138.
24 Arp, T. I, cTp. 97-98 (Xn, I, Nb 44).
246
nocJIy>KHTb onopHblM nyHKToM IJIH MyxaMMen-3MIIHa, IITo
BbI3bl,BaJIo cepbe,3,Hble oinaceHIM y BacIIJIHH III. MyxaMMeユー
3MIIH BJIaneJI KamH|poih c l497 r., Ho|cJIe H3rHaIH'IIH ero H3
Ka3aHII. B 1498 r・OH BblnaJI OqeHb皿eXPylO TaPxaH,Ho-HecynHMylo rpaMoTy KamlIpcKoMy BeJIonecoUKoMy MoHacThlplo. 3Ta rpaMoTa H onpeneJIHJIa oTHomeHHH Me>Kny MyxaMMeX-3MHHoM II MOHacTbl」PeM, KoTOPblii 6blJI IIOCTaBJIeH, TaKIIM O6Pa30M, B BacCaJIbHylo 3a'BHIcIIMO!CTb OT 6blIBmero Ka-
3a|HIcKoro UapH 25. B l502 r. I/iBa'H III BepHyJI Ka3aHcKHii
npe,cToJI MyxaMMem-3MIIHy, Ho B 1505 r.ⅡocJ1elHIIih OTKPblTo BbI'cTynHJI ,n'poTIHB cBoero naTpoHa. BoiiHa npHHHJIa oco6eHHo onacHbliⅡJIFI PyCCKOrO rOcynaPcTBa o60POT B
l506 r. BoeBoJLI Ba,cHJIIIH III Bo rJIaiBe c yneJIbHIJIM yrJIIIUKIIM KHH3eM UMHTplleM HBaHoBHqeM >KIIJIKo曲ⅡOTepineJI H
noPa>KeHIie oT BO曲cKa MyxaMMen-3MHHa 26. BblnaLIa Bacll̲
JIHeM III >KaJIoIBaHiHoii rPaMOTbl BeJIoinecOUKOMy MoHalcTblpIo B 。eBpaJIe l507 r. cocToHJIacb lB o[IeHE cJIo)KHoi o6cTaHOBKe,
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巾oPMOH cOKPaUeHm nPlIBHJIer" MOHacTbl", TaK KaK
rpaMoTa MyxaMMeX-3MIIHa 6blJIa Tapxa'HHoii, a rpaMoTa
BacHJIIIH III -o6poqHoii・KpoMe ToTo, B nocJIeJHeii oTcyT一
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l l p Vr H x
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noCJIe"oBaTeJIbHO nPOBO且HBmeecH c 90-x roIoB XV B.
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Vn o M H H a l o T < H o B o e Ⅱ H C b M O >
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roJIeHIIHa 28, BameHIIHa 29H 且p・nO 3TOMy nHcbMy BOT一
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一
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I̅IPHLIeM IvIaBHblii ynap 6blJI IIanPaB鴎melI nPOTIIB MOHaCTi,1P25 ACSH, T・I, M 618.
26 nCPJ], T. XIII, nepBaH noJIoBMHa, cTp. 2-3.
27 TaM )Ke, cTp. 5.
28 B ycTaBHoji rpaMoTe l506 1、. nepec"aBcKIIM pb160JIoBaM ynoMIIHacTcH
<<HoBoe mIcbMo> Bac. IiB. ro、mGHIIHa (AA3, T I, JVb 143, cTP. 1 14) .
29 rBJ1, AKTbl Be,IIHeBa,M I/28 (Xn 1, Nb 46).
247
CKHx nPOMblCJIOIB, COnePHHIIaBmHx C TOPrOBO-PeMeCJIeHHbl-
MH npe瓜nPIIHTilIHMHⅡo'cancKIIx JIIo4eii. O pe3yJIbTaTax oRM-
caHHH B 1492 r. nepecJIaBJIb-3aJIeccKoro ye31a pacoKa3blBaeT onlHa JKaJJOBaHIHaH rpaMoTa l538 r. CHMoHoBy
MoHacTblpIo. C l492 r. nepecmaBcKHe coJIHHble BapHHnbl MoHacTblIpH He ToH"IIcb, cToHJIII <<nycTbl> (Xo 1538 r.)30. npH雫
BeneHHb曲ⅡPHMeP XOPOmo xapaKTePII3yeT TO TH>KeJIOe nOJIO>KeHHe, B KOTOPOM oKa3aJIIIcb MoHacTblPCKHe nPoMblCJIbl
6JIaronapH orpaHIILIHTeJIbHo# noJIHTIIKe npaBHTeJIbcTB I'1BaHa lU II BacmJIIIH III. B >KaJIoBaHHoi rpaMoTe l507 r. T|poIme-CepmeBy MoHacTblpIo Ha BoTIIHHbl B raJIHuKoM ye3ne
C BaPHIIuⅡpen,nH'Cbl'BaJIO;Cb naBaTb o|6POK く3 rOny Ha rOn
no KHIiraM no HoBoMy mI'cbMy ,no BacIIJIbe,By Ba'meHIIHa> 31.
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32 <<C60pHIIK HoBroponcKoro o6mecTBa mo6IITeJIeii叩eBHocTIイ》, BHn. 1.
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83 AC314, T. II, JW 364, cTI)、359.
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275
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IIaTJIeHMe 60JIbmorO nOjKaJIoBaHHH, PacmliPlIJIa yKa3aHHblIi
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59 TaM )Ke, M 101.
60 TaM )Ke, Nb 14.
61 TaM )Ke, Nb 133.
62 Xn, I, Nb 317, 320.
63 TaM )Ke, M 319.
64 TaM JKe, Nb 328, 329.
65 TaM >Ke, Nb 332.
66 TaM )Ke, Nb 333.
67Pp.,HanpIWgp,̲rpaMpTp!IQpmHHaceJIoA"peeBcKoeHmepeBHIo
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68 Xn, I, Nb 318.
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BeJIIIKOKHjl>KeCKHMII HaMeCTIII,IKaMH 70
npaBHTeJIbcTBo EJIeHbl rJIHHcKoii, aKTHIBHo IIcHoJIb3yH
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Ta B XeJIe yKPemleHI呪 巾eOnaJIbHorO nPaBOHOP皿Ka B
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72 CR ̲ nPe4blilyUyIo BonoUKo-3y6noBcKylo rpaMoTy BacwIMH III
(Am3HX, [1.11, M 103).
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XVII B., cTp. 141-142; nPn, Bblm. IV, cTp. 146-148.
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78 TaM >Ke, M 130.
79 TaM "Ke, M .133,
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84 rBJI、TD. KH. 527, M 240.
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⑰
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15 Xn, 1, JYb 370.
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18H.P'yM・oBcKIIii.OnHicaHHeBeJIHKo-McTIo]KcKoroycneHnKoroco60pa. Bo.JIorna, 1862, cTp. 66-67.
331
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cTp. 18-19.
20 rnB, Co6p・Cn6.Ⅱ/A, M A II/47,測河. 340-343 06.
2j rnB, Q - IV - 1,、1 3 a, "J1. 1593-1596.
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23 A M ERo QU̲il. HcTopllfI PoCcHiicKoit mepapxmT, w. 1V. M., 1812,
へ
cTp. 706-711.
24 M.H.CMHpIIoB.yKa3・co(I., nplm., Nb 12.
25 Xn,I, JYb 368, 370, 371, 377, 379,.382.
332
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Xn, I, JYb 366.
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TaM )Ke, Nb 371.
TaM JKe, Nh 373.
副
Ⅲ.A. BaxpaMeeB. yKa3・coII', Nb X.
鴻
Xn, I, JYb 370.
2TaM ]Ke, Nb 371.
3
3TaM JKe, JYb 367.
3
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3
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36
TaM ]Ke, Nb 380.
37
3
rB几TP. KH" 536, I 432-432 06" Nb 312 (coo6UmJIa几Ⅲ. HBIIHa)
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135 nPn, Bbln、1V, cTp. 107.
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195 UrAHA, *. CIIaco-EB*IIMbeBa M-pH, KH l。 J1JI 417-419 0d; Aル1,
T. I, Nb 148.
196 <<AKTblHcToPHIleclMe, onH,callHble H. M.KaTaeBblM H A. K. Ka6aHoBblM", JYb l/28, 1/29.
197 AI'I, T. 1, Nb 145.
198 HCPJI, T. XIII, nepBaH noJIoBIIHa, Crp2 155.
199 UrAHA, rKa no UMHTpo!By, Nh 68/3780.
200 K.O,KaJ'aimoBH【1.yKa3. coII., cTp. llO-115.
201 "TBepcKIIe
ユ rv6epHcKIIe Be,moMocT", 1854, Nb 50, [IacTb lleo巾皿”Ⅱb-
HaFI, .cTp. 153-154, rp. 4; cI)' TaM ]Ke, cTp. 153, rp. 2 (A巾al-IacbeB-
cKoMy八eBHqbGMyMO'HaC'rbI!PlO).
202 rnE Q̲IV-1 136, JIJ1. 727-732.
203 PIIB, T. 32, Nb l65.
365
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2'1 X|n, I, Nb 549, 556, 559, 584.
212 TaM JKe, JYb 563.
213 rBJI, TIp. KH. 527, Nb 295.
2'4 UrAnA, rKa no 3BeHMropony, Nb l7/4691.
215 AA3, T, I, Nh 216.
216 AII, T. I, Nb 149.
367
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218 B. r且o6PoHPaBoB. yKa3.CoII., npIIn., cTp. 24-25, Nb 8.
219 K.①、K aJI a imo B IIII. yKa3, coII., cTp. 116.
220 UrAnA, d). I<alIUe.JIFTplIII CeHaTa, KH. 192, ・J1. 259.
221Ⅱ「AJIA, rKa no 3'BGHI汀oI)oXy, Nb l7/4691.
222 Aq)3HX, L1. 1, JVb 244.
223 AA3, T. I, Nb 215.
224 <<AKTbl lOmKoBa>, Nb 159.
225 JIOMH, Co"oB、136, nn. 143-144, N@ 26.
226 40,cH巾e ii. yKa3. co[I., K1. 111, cTp. 7-17.
227 UrAIA, rKa no To,p>KKy, JVh 4/12046; cM. raK>Ke rpaMoTbl oKTH6pH
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CiIM- (D. CMMoHoBa MoHacTbIpH B̲rl'IM
Cn6. n/A - Co6I)aHIIe pyKomlceii CaHKT-neTep6yprcKoi! JIyxoBHoii aKJAEMIIH B rnB
Tp.申. Tpo皿e-CeprmeBa MoHacTbIpfl B rBJI ((P 3031
UrAJA - UeHTpaJIbllblii
rocy"pcTBelIHblii
apxIIB
jlPeBIIHx
aKToB
B MocKBe
UrA r. MocKBbl - UeHTpa。JIbHbIi rocy"pcTBeHHblii apxIIB E MocKehl
UrMA - UeHTpaJIbIIblii rbcynlapcTBeHHblii IIcTopIIIIecKIIil al)xIIB CCCP
B JIeHIIHrPanle.
Ⅲ3再aH皿H
AA3《AKTbl, co61)aHHble B 6116JIIIoTGKax H apxIIBax PoccIIiipKoii lIM-
neplIIIApxeorpa(しHIIecK'oIo3Kcne且皿IieIoI'IMIIepaToI)cKojiAKanleMIIH
HaVK>, TI Cn6., 1836; T. 111.Cn6., 1836.
ATP一二<<AKTLI, oTHocH皿HecFI JIo rpa7KLaHCKOII paC]1paBI.I JIPeBHeii PoccHH》. Co6Pa,rlHH皿aJI A. enpToB-LIexoBcKHi, '1,. 1. KHeB, 1860.
A3P《AIKTbI, OTHOCJI皿HecJI K IIcTopmll 3a|naIIHoM PoccI川, CO6paHIIble
II H3JIal[IIbIG Apxeorpa(しⅡ【IecKoIo KoMIIccIieIo>", T. II. Cn6.,1 848
25 C. M. I<alu'raIIoB
377
AI1《AKTbl IIcTopII[IGcKIIe, co61)alIIII)ie l[ ]13"HIIble Apxeorl)al)1I[IecKoIo
KOMIICCI1el()>, T. 1,11. Cn6., 1841.
《AKTbl lO山KoBa》《AKTI>I XIII-XVII BeKoB, 111)eJIc'1、aBJIeHllble B Pa3p皿Hbl曲nPIIKa3 11PeJlcTaBM1.enflMレI CJIy>KI皿blX (baMIl:mhnoCJIe OTMeHbI MecTHH[IecTB”・H3ユallbI
MeHbI
MecTHII[IecTBa>. H34allbI AJIeKcaH叩oMIO山KoBblM.M.,
AJIeKcaH"oM IOmKoBblM
1898.
AC31'i《AKTbl coUlia@JIbHo-aKoIIoMII[lecKoil IIcToI)Im CeBepo-BocToqHoji
pycII KoHUa XIV - Ha[la@JIa XVI B.>,T. 1.M.几, 1952; T. 11. M.
J1., 1958; T. 111. M.几, 1964.
AIH一《AKTbI, oTHoc兄山I1ec兄K I'ICTOI)HHTFIMOTO HaceJIeHHH B MOCKOBcKOM roCy,UaPCTBe>, II3,nlaHHble M. 4IJHKOHOBblM, Bbln. II. lOPbeB,
1 897.
A・3 MX《AKTbi (I)eoJla@IIbHoro 3eMJIGBJI"eHIM I1 xo3"cTBa XIV-XVI
BeKoB>, {1. 1. M., 1951; q. 11. M, 1,956; q. 111. M., 1961.
AIO《AK'rbl lop皿叫lecKMe, 11。ml! Co61)allMe (1)oI)M cTal)IIHHoI、() JIeJIoll l)oH3Bo4cTBa>. CH6., 1838.
AIOB《AKTbI, oTHoc兄皿Hec凡凡O IOpli且HIIec|KorO 6bl'1、a mpeBHeii pOCCml>',
T. I. Cn6., 1857; T. II. Cn6., 1864;.T. 111. Cn6., 1884.
TBHHn《rPaMoTbl
BeJIHKoro
HoBrOponaⅡ ncKoBa)D. M.-J1., 1949.
且AH<且o!noJIHeHIifl K AKTaM IIcTopIILIecKPIM, co6PaHHble II II3JaHHble
Apxeorpaq)II'IecKolo KoMHccHeIo)', T. I. Cn6., 1846.
且H且r<且yXOBHbleH且OroBoPHble rPaMoTbl Be.)IHKIIx II yUenbHblx KI・IH3ek XIV-XVI BB.>. M・J1., 1950.
>KMIO《>KypHaJI MMHIIcTepcTBa IocTIIIII1I1),.
3EepHHcK砿一B.B、3 B e p li H c K M ii. MaTepllaJIbl lJIFI IIcTopHKo-ToIIorPa*|IIIIecKOI10 11ccJIenPBaHIIR O nPaBOCJIaBIIblx MOHacTbIPFIx B PoCclMcKohHMnel)HII, T. 1. Cn6., 1890; T. 11.-Cn6., 1892; T. 111. CH6.,
1 897,
Ka6aHoB-《MaTepllaJIbl n() IにToI)HII HHシKer()PoncKOrO KPaH II3 cToJ1IIIIHblx apxHBoB". l̅Ion pe4. A. K Ka6aHoBa (《且eMcTBIIFI HII>Ke'ropoHcKoii ry6epHcKoil yIIeHoii ai)xHBHoiI KoMIIccIM>', BI]1IT. 3, 11. 1 .
CI60pHHK, T. XIV. HIDKHIIii HoBropo4, 1913).
JT3AK《JIeTOHIICb 3allHITlin AI)XeOrl)a(bllqe'CKOil KOMM(.CIII"
HnK《HoB旧opoHcKIIe mlcUoBble KIIII", IBJaHHbIG Apxeorpa(I)IIIIGcKoIO
KoMIICCIIelO>,
1905.
T.
I11.cn6., 1868; T、1V. Cn6., 1886; T. V. Cn6.,
nK《,nllcHoBbIe
KHHrll
MocKoBcKOro rOCynaPCTBa>.
noJI
pen.
H.B・KaJ'auloBa , I1.1.ⅡⅢcUoBble KHIIM XVI BeKa, oTJt. I. Cn6.,
1872; oTnt. 2.CH6., 1877.
nPn《naMFITImKII pyccKoro npaBa>, Bbln. 1. M., 195,2; Bbln. I1.
M., 1953; BbIIn. 111.M., 1955; BbIn. 1V. M., 1956.
ncPJI《noJIHoe co6paHIIe pycpKIIx JIGTonl,Iceii, II"aHHoe Apxeorpa-
q)IIIIGCKOIO KOMMCCIIGIO>, TⅡ Cn6., 1843; T. 1V. Cn6., 1848;
T. 1V, L1. 1, Bbm.̲ 1. nr., 1915: T. 1V, II. 1, Bbln. 2. JI., 192& T、1V,
M. ̲l̲, BbIn. 3. J1., 1929; T. V, Bbm. 1. J1., 1925; T. VI. Cn6., 1853:
T. V11. Cn6.,1856; T、VII1.cn6., 1859; T. IX. Cn6., 1862; T. XII.
Cn6., 1901; T・XIII, nepBaH no"oBIIHa. Cn6., 1904; BTopajI no,IIoBHHa. Cn6., 1906; T. XIV,BToPafl noJIoBHHa. T. XV. Cn6., 1863;
L̲XVIL Cn6.、 l907; T. XVIII. Cn6., 1913; T. 20, nepBaa no"oBMHa.
Cn6., 1910; T. 21, BToPan noJoBIIHa. Cn6., 1913; T.̅22, L1. 1. Cn6.,
1911; T. 23. Cn6., 1910; T. 24. nr" 1921; T. 25. M.-J1, 1949; T、26.
M.- JI, 1959; T. 27. M., 1962; T、2R. M., 1963: T. 30. M., 1965.
PI/IB《PyccKaflllcToI)lI'IeCKafl6116@ITHoTGKa,I13JaBaeMaFIApxeorpaq)liIIecKolo KoMI,IccHeIo>D, T. II. C「16., 1875; T. 32. nr., 1915.
378
《C6. PH0>《C6()1)IIIIKPyccKoroIIcToPllIIGcK()r()()imecTRa>,TJ35.
Cn6., 1892; T. 41. Cn6., 1884.
くTDVJL' MTMAH》くTI)yAbl MocKoBcKoTo rocyAal)cTBelIIIoro IIcToPllKo-al)入I1BIIOrOIIHCTⅡTyTa》.
"Tpy4blOIPJI》"fTpy4b!OT¥Wr"""fc".、nWWWpp【しIHcTIITyTaPyCCKOH皿TePaTyPb[(nymKI1HcK"npM)
AKaneMMHHayK
CCCP》.
xn, I-c. M. KamT a H qB XpoH9JIorliqe9<mii nepeIIeHb」IVMW""Hblx rpaMoT XVI B.《Apxeorp a巾函ecKIIii e)KeroJHIIK 3a l957 ronl>.
M., 1958.
xn, II-c.M・K a m T a lI o B. XpoHoJIorlIqecKH曲nel)eIIfl{b WIMMyHH-
Te.I.Hblx rPaMoT XVI B.,叩.2《Apxeorpa(blIulecKI1ii e>Kel、o皿ⅡK3a
1 960 ro瓜》. M., 1962.
無印TeHIIFI OI'MIP》“LITellIIH B O6111ecTBe HcToI)IIII H XpeBIIocTeii poc・
CPIiiCKIIX
TII)I"I
MOCKOBCKOM
VIMBel)CHTeTe>'.
LEKUB《LN-, Est- !111(I KufltmdiSches Urkundenl)LIch,zWeite Abtheilullg", B(1. 1 ' Riga - Moskau, 1900; B(l. 2. Riga - Moskall,
1905.
、
25*
MMEHHOK
A6nblJI-JIeT",
72,73,77
Uapb
y K A 3 AT E 1 b
Ka3aHcKIIji
A皿peAⅡMIITPIIeBII[1, KH. MO>KaHU
U
CKIIii, CblH nMHTP" IIBaHOBHIIa
noHcKoro l27
ABaHecoB P. Z. 151
ABn|oTI]FI IIBaHoBHa, B. K11., 40[Ib
11Balla lll 62, 67, 69
AHnperI I'1BaIIoBPIII, KII. cTap|I皿K}畑,
u
nopoBIIII, KII., nllceU 44
AJIeKcaH八p, IIryMeH Tpollue-Cep-
cbIII IIBaHa lll lO, 45, 178, 199,
209, 2 1 3-2 1 6, 222, 223, 226, 250,
255, 27 1 , 272, 275, 276, 278
285, 288, 290, 303, 305, 310-312,
3 14-319, 321, 324, 325, 333, 334,
336,339
AHHa BacIIJIbeBHa, B. KH. pH3aHcKaH, >KeHa KH. BacIIJIwI HBalloBIIIIa, cecTpa HBaHa lll 69, 85,
rIIeBa MoHacTbII)fI 254
cTapeU Cnaco・EBAJ1eKca HnP ,
AHToHoB HBaH MHxaimoBIIq, rocTb
ABToKpaToB B. 1-1. 126, 131
A n a mAJIeKceieB
eB
〔 pAJIeKcei・I
e J I o p o(peJIopoBII[I,
BII&I,
oKoJIbllI,IIII'ii 369
A且ameB 。e40P rPHrOPbeBMq, 60FI-
PMH, n{BOPenKI'Iih yrJIHnKIIil 369
AJIa6b皿b (OJIa6blmb) enPp e-
。IIMbeBa MoIIacTI)Ipfl l89
AJIeKcaH八p BJIamIM'IIpoBIIII cノ側、
PocToBcKIIi'l AJIeKcaⅡ川1 B.na八11MIII)OBMII
AJIGKC a H八P l<a3I'IMIIPOBII11, KOI)OJIb
IT|OJlbCKi,1ii
II B. KII.川IToBcKMIi'I 61,
65-69, 86, 87, 96, 98, 108, 1 18,
143, 153, 155, 156, 158-160, 166,
86
MocKoBcKIIii 337
ApTeMbeB
(OpTeMbeB)
B。naceii
ylnaK, Jlb"K 206-209
A(I)allacIIil,
IIryMeH
TpoI皿e-Cel)I、IIeBa MoHacTbIpfl 19, 25
A巾al-IacIJeB (peJIoI) MI,IxaiiJIoB cIJIH,
JIO30PUllK II CyAI>兄37
AxMaT, Uapb 30JIoToii ol)nlbl
l52
168, 173, 174
AJIeKcaHXp VI, nana pllMcKIIii l43
AJIeKceeB
IO.r. 7, 14, 214, 313
A皿eHI<.①. (Allen C. F.) 140142, 166, 167, 176
AMBpocIm, IIepKoBHblk ⅡHcaTenb
131, 252, 259, 304, 31 1, 332, 336,
342,350,370
A"epceH EHc, enncKon OgeHceliZ
cKIM (・IoIIcKIIK) 141, |154, 167
AHXpeii (A皿PeiKO), cTaPocTa 3a.ⅢeccKH2 28
AHnpeii BacIIJIbeBIIII Bo.JIbmoi'!, KII.
VrJ''mKI,ii, ClDIH Izia(、ⅢⅡIIH II l6,
i7, 21, 22, 30, 31,44-48, 51, 54,
55,59,64,66,71,72,75,77,87,
99, 100, 1104, 129, 146, 177, 188,
210, 215, 216, 225, 235, 236, 277,
281, 282, 321, 333
AHnpeii BacIIJIbeBIILI MeHIJIuoA, KII.
Bonor,o八cK", cblH BacIIJIIIFI II
30, 54, 129, 130, 277
380
Ba311JIeBIIII
K,
B、77, 79, 81, 83-
86, 102, 103, 109-112, 1l4, 117,
138-140, 143, 163, 166
BapaKoB cM. BapJIaaM (BapaKoB)
A
BapcoB E. B. 259, 304
ユ
BapcyKoB A. n. 263
BapxyniapoB C. r. 151
BaTyPlm, C'beM皿HK MOHaCTblDCKOii
△
3eMJIII 273
Bamel・IIIH BacIIJmii, nIIceU 247, 248
U
BeryHoB 10. K. 152, 187, 189, 194,
195, 197, 227
Be306pa30B AJYeKcaHmp (OJTema) ,
abHK 37, 4043, 52-58, 224
BeKJIeMHmeB
HIIKHTa
BacIIQJIbeBHIM,
pa3'be34L11IK II cynbFI 28, 29
BeKJIeMMmeB-BepceHb lIBaH HIIKIITHII cblH, cblH 60HpcKIIih 63, 269
BeJIo3epUeB r. H. 151
BeJIbcKIIe, KHFI3bfl 333, 334, 347,
348
Be@nbCKIIii llBaH のenOPOBIILI, KH・ʼ
6oHpHH329,333,334,338,344-347
]/J'bcKIIii M
(Bielski M') , xpo-
III,IcT 160, 161
BeJIbcK"
CeMeH
HBaHoBIIII,
KH.,
97-109,
111-124,
137,
139,
141-147,
151-155,164-171,
174186, 190, 199, 201-206,
209, 210, 212, 213, 216-218,
222-227, 231 , 233-240, 242-
275,277-282,284,290-292'
6oHpIIH lO8, 152, 166
BeJIbCKmA ①enP,l) IIBaHOBH[1, KII.,
6oHpHH 278
BenHeB II. n. 187, 247, 248
BePCeHD-BeKJIeMⅡmeBcM.BeK峰TeMHHIeB-BePCGIIb
BecTVxKeB HBall, cVnm29
BoJIxoBIITIIIIoB E.A. 266
AmeKCaHnPOBIIIl,
295, 296, 299, 309, 310, 312, 314,
317, 322, 325, 326, 331, 333, 335,
336,338,339,345,352,374
B acIIJII戒 HBaHoBⅢ【【(meMn叩K'),
KII, Cblll KH. I'IBal{a mMIITPmeBII-
[Ia, BHyK nMIITpHH IOpbeBIIWa
B血Ioiin》K. (Blulll J.)5
BOPllc
47-7 1, 73-8 1 , 83-85, 87-93,
B.
KH.
TBel)CKOii, CI>III KH・AIIeKcallnp a
』
IIBai-IoBIILIa 31
Bopllc BacII|m,eBIl[I c.M. KyTy30B
Bopllc Bacll川〕eB11LI
BoI)IIC BacHJIbeBIIII,KH、BoJ1011KHH,
61)I1I B acIIJIII FI I I 30, 44-47,
u
52, 54, 55, 66, 70, 71, 73, 77, 78,
87,94,95
BopTIIHKoB CeMeII (CeIIbKa) , KpecTbm畑H 188
BDoKrav3①.A. 161
劃
nleMRI<II 108, 109, 111, 152, 155,
159, 160, 166. 177, 178, 238, 264,
265,268,277,365
BacH川m MIIXailJIOBIIII,
KII.,
CbIH
K,I. MIIxaIIJIa AImpeeBII[Ia BepeiノIcKoro 80
BaccIIal! (BacbflI1)、a l)xIMMa皿pHT
C1,1M()HoBa MoIiacTbII)fl, 3aTeM
apxIIemlcKon l)ocToBcKIIii
l27,
204, 205
』
⑪
BaccllaH (BacbFIII)、ⅢryMelI TpoIIUe-CepmeBa MoIIacTbIpFI 335
BaccIIaH naTpllKeeB c.ル4. naTPHKe-
EVJIoBH I皿 Ⅲ.y.76
eB-Kocoih BaClm油I'1BaHOBIIII
BaccIIaH (TonopKoB) , emlcKon KoJIOMeHCKIM II KamIIPCKI'IiノI 332
ByTplom P.(Boutruche
ByTpIom
p. (Boutruche R)
R)5
5
BaxpaMeeB H.A、254, 264, 330,
4
BVraHoB B. I'I. 159, 164, 173, 177
BvTvDJmH HBal・I HIJKHTIm, BoeBoma,
"6peUKIIii 1loBropoXcKHii 312
"
BI>IXOBeU,mI1、OBCKI伽ⅡOMe皿ⅢK,
U
333,336,356
BeJIHK11ii cM. mecTylloB-BemIKmii
BeJIbflMIIHoB
I'IBall
B acllJIbeBH'I
manpa, BoeBona l57, 159
BJIa,meJIen xpoHIIKII 160-162
BeJIbHMIIHoB-3epHoB B.B. 77
BanK C. H 10, 349
BeHe且HKT.
BapJIaaM, apxIIMalI,mpllT CIIMoIIoBa
3el)cKoro MoHacTbipH 46
BepxnepeBcKIM MHxalm BaclIJ1beBH[I, ITOMe皿IIK 357
BeceGIIoBcKIIii C、B、4, 5, 7, 8, 12,
42,47,80,82,88,240,246,275
BJIam1MIIp AHjlpeeBwI, KH・CTapmUKIHPI, CblH KH・AHnpeFI HBaHoBH[Ia
318, 334, 362, 363
BJIamIMIIp l CBFITocJIaBIIII, B. KH.
MOIIaCTLII)FI,
3aTeM
MI,ITPOnOJIIMT
MocKoBcKIIil 204, 205, 257, 258
BapJIaaM (BapaKoB), cTapeII̲Tpo・
Ime-CeprlIeBa MoHacTblpfI 57
BacwIHi, nLFIK cM. noJIMaToB Ba即
KIIpml.JIo-BeJIo-
q力
哩
CHJIHH
BacIIJIIIii
HrvMeH
ll
BacHJIbeBIIq
TeMI-Ibli,
B. KH. MocKoBcK" 23, 54, 75,
1 23, 128, 145, 205, 220, 221, 239,
245,335
BacI,IJIIii rpl,IropbeB c〃l. 3axaPoBTHImHeB
U
BfIcIIJIHii
rpHTopbeB
KmeBcKI,Iii l27
Bo31BIDKeHcKHii T. H. 315
△
v
BoJIK KvDIInblH cM. KvpImblH BoJIK
IIBaH HBaHOBIIKI
BopoHUoB BacMIJIMIii MIIxaiiJIoBH[I,
叩
CblH
B aclIJIImnMIMTPlleBH可、B・KH・MOCKoBcKHii l28
BacwIHii lll HBaHoBI1[I, B. KH. Moc-
KoBcKIM 13, 16, 22, 23, 32-44
381
6oFTpIIII 358
Bol)oIInoB HBaH のenOPOBMIq, HaMecTHIIK
6eJIo3el)cKIIii 345
B()poIIIIoB
MMxalI&II
CGMelloBIIII,
OOFIPliII,
HaMeCTmⅡK IIOBrOI)04CKIIハ279, 312
BoI)oHUoB
enop
MIIxaii.noBI1II,
6oHPIIH 358, 359
BopoIlUoB e八op CeMeHoBIIq, 60FI-
rpeKoB B. n. 366
rplllI>Ka TeBGJIra,KI)ecTbFIIIIIII
cKoro MoHacTblpfI 46
ryceB BJIanJIMIIp EJIH3apoBHII, cbIH
6oHpcKHK 42, 79-83, 87, 88, 99,
100
pllII 356, 358
! BopoHUoBbl,
60FIpe MocKoBcKIIe
352,353,355-360
BnpbInaeBIJ1. 3eMJIeR.maJle.JIbulbl 265
ryceB E、m3ap, BoeBona 80
namb B H 151
naHIIII.m,
ra"FIILKIIii C. C. 139
3aTeM
al)xIIenIICKoII
IIoBropoXcKIIil 21, 72, 81, 1 15,
119, 120, 152, 166, 184, 195, 197,
224, 227-229, 23 1, 233
rel)6e1)1ITTeiiH
CIIrII3MyH4, nocoJI
u
aBcTPI[I'ICKOr()
IIMnePaTOPa
MocKBV l55, 156
rePMaH, 11TGHIルlii l60
rePOHTIIii, MIITI)onOJIIIT
cKIIii l27
rJIIIHcKaH
EJIelIa
cM.
B
IIoc"o-BoJToKo-
MOIIaCTblPFI,
3aTeM
MIITponoJTIIT MocKoBcKIIii 260!
267.284,329,334,336
nalIII,m MIIXaiiJWOBHII, IIaMeCTHIIK
1,. 101)I)eBa no"1)cKoro l9
naIIII、na AmeKca''八p,oBli'I cM. nellK() naHIma AJTeKcaH典pOBII[I
na''I'、ma
BacllJII>eBII[I
cM.meH1
nalIII、wa BaclI&TbeBIIII
MoCKOBEneHa
Ba-
ne6oJ1bcKII曲 B. 1-1. 72, 149、 210,
211, 213-215, 217, 235, 236
meMMIIIoB (neMI>fIIIoB!円) BacPIJIIili
HKoBJIeB CbllI, 3eMJIeBJIaJIeJIeU
264
CⅢJ1beBHa
rJTHHCKMe, KHH3bF1, 60叩e 358-361,
364-366
r川IHcKHii
M1IxaII@JT
BacHJIbeBHKI,
KH., 6oHpIIH 330, 364, 365, 367
rllllmleB c.M. 3axapoB-rHMJIIIGB
r o M V Ko B r. 1 2 2 , 1 3 1
roJIeHIMII BacII川Iii l'IBaHOBIIII, KII.!
6oHplMII, mlceU 49, 50, 54,56,
57, 95, !180, 203, 206-21 1, 217,
247
neHIIcoB II. (Denissoff E.) 192
nlloHIICII#, Uel)KOBHblii mlCaTeJIb
252
且MMTplleB JI. A. l36
"MIITplIK A皿PeeBI'IIJ, KH., Cbll・I KH.
AHJIpeH BacIMbeBIIIIa yrJII皿Koro
281, 321
nMIITpliii BIIanIIM1叩OBIIII CM. POCToBcKI曲 旦MIITPmii BJIanJ1MIIpoBIʻI【I
roJIoBIIII Hr r. 259, 271, 294, 304,
306.
roJIy6IIIIcKIIi E.E. 106
rony61LoB I'1. A. 26, 27,32, 37, 41,
42.45, 48, 49, 73, 91,97, 123,
146, 174, 201, 204, 208, 21 1, 222,
224
rop6aTbIe,KIIH3bfl 313
rop6aTblii AJYeKcaHnl) BoplIcoBII[1,
KII. 353, 364
rop6aTblii-Cv3naJIbcKI"Iii
Bopllc
HBaHOBHI1, KII., 60flPIIH, HaMeCTHHK HoBroponcKIIii 312
ropllII
MaKcHM
lbHK 206-209
HrVMeH
JIaMCKOrO
reHHaJmit, apxIIMall叩IIT qy40Ba
MoIIaCTblPfl,
l88
ryPllii, IiryMeH K111)II.mO-BeJIO3eP-
BacIIJIbeB
cblH,
"MIITplm BJIanlIMIIpoBHII cM. XoBI)ⅡIImMIITpIIiI BJIa皿IMHPOBHLI
nMI'TpH曲HBaHOBHII,
KH.,
BHyK
HBawa lll 29, 31, 33, 38-40, 42,
56, 60-69, 79, 81-109, 1 11, 112,
114-116, 119, 122-124, 146,
147, 153, 167-169, 174, 175, 177,
180, 181, 237
"M]ITPIIii l'IBaHOBIIm mOHCKOA, B.
KII. MocKoBcKIIii 1 28, 205
. >KIIJIKa,
瓜MIITP"
HBaIIOBHII
KH.
yr皿皿KIm, CblH HBaHa
llI
45, 61-65, 67-69, 91, 98, 121,
122, 145, 146, 175, 182, 190, 199,
222,223,247,249,255,256,332
nMIITI)IIii lOPbeBIIKI meMfIKa, KII.
9q
ropcKIm A. n. 7
rop[IaKoB M. H. 8, 219
3BeIIIIrOPOXCKIIII
roTbe IO. B. 72, 210, 214, 215, 223,
226
382
II
u
ra.JIIInKIII'I,
cblH KH・IOp lIFI
JMMTpIIeBIItl a
3BeHIIroponlcKoro 31
■
no6i)oHI)aBoBBE269,270,332、
EcIInoB Bomall, 60FIpllH HoBTopoJIcKIfil ll noca皿IIIK 185, 190
Ed)Do,I Ii. A. 161
no6PblHcKIIe, 6oFIpe 80
)KI13HeBcKlliM A. 1<, 256
JIo6PoJIIo60BH.355
340, 343、 360, 368
瓜oBHap-3anoJIbcKHAM.B、271
noJIMAToB Bacm"!lii. nbllK 23, 26,
⑭
3a6e川佃I I/i. E. 211
3a6epe31IHcKI'ii
(3a6ePe3cKIIii) HH
△
IOPbeBIIII. BoeBoJIa TpOIIKmh、Ha-
27, 30, 32, 50
no poro6y>KcKI畑Hoc''* A皿pe叩
eB岨,KH.,BoeBona 156, 157
MeCTHIMK I̅IoJIoIIKHii
cKoTo MoHacTblpH 234
nocm巾eii,emIcKOTIKpyTIIIIKIMi'1317
nocI'巾e仇,
UepKoBHIJII
337,346,368
mlCaTeJII、
JIeBJIaneJIeu 23
cKI1il 49
3aMFITIIFI TIIMo巾eii, 3eMJIeB,IIaJIeneu
nblol[ X. (Dewey H W) 5, 7
mbflKolIoB M. A. 378
cJt.
363
巾oll 3allcreiiM JIIoノIBI1r,KeH1IrcOcTIoKoBIIII
6eprcKwiM KoMaⅢ且op 89
ユ
3acTbJI6cKIIII rl)IIrol)IIii PI)MalIo-
EB巾HMiIFI IneMFIqllIIeBa, KHFIrmlfl,
CTa.pllUa,BHoBa KH B. II. men
戸
1『
3a60noTcKHii-JTo6aH neTP rl)IIrOpl,eBIM11,Ⅱ【Icen44,86
nyPOB A巾aHaCmi, TllyH FIl)OCJIaB'
EBcTIIKVBIIII
110
3a60J1()TcKIIii
KoIIcTaHTIIH
rI)I'ITOI)I)eBIIII, nlICeU, nBOPeUKⅢⅡ
187,188,207, 208
3a60J1oTcKHii HIIKHTa JII]BoB, 3eM-
noc"e#I, aPxPIMaIIJIPIIT CoJIoTIIml "
BIIII, nlIceI1 184
3axapoB MIIKJIFIII1, 3eMJ1eBJIaIIe,mell
戸
M汀〔JI1LIa DOO
37
EJIeHa BaCWIbeBHa, B・KH、MocKoB-
cKafl, mo'IE KH. BacIIJTHFI JTbBo-
3axal)oB-rllll川IeB
BacIImIii
rpII-
>Kella
roPbeBcbIII,11I,mK358、359,362
BaclIJwH I11 9, 275, 276, 278-
3axapoB-rHwJI1IeR FIKoB rpllropb-
B1Iqa
rJIIIHcKOrO,
BTo1)aR
281,285,288,289,291293
296-299,303,305,309,310.
312-314, 316, 319-324,326「
eBcI)'Ⅱ,J1IコツIK 359
3BePlIIIcKIIitB.B.76,137,172,378
3IIMIIH A A. 7, 8, 10, 29, 39, 45, 46,
79,81-83、89-91, 98, 103, 104,
329331,333,336,374
EIIeHa BoJIomaHKa cM. EJIeHa CTe,
巾aIIOB1Ia
E、neHa
114, 115, 122, 128, 153,174、 175,
191, 193-195, 198,200,224, 225、
240, 258, 273, 276, 280,323, 328,
lIBaHoBHa,B・KII., ⅡoLII,
I'IBaHa lll, >KeHa AJIeKcaH几I) 3;
Ka31'MHpoBIIIIa, B・KII・J1wToBCK()ro 65-69. 87, 98, 108, 110, 118
311110B11ハ.'IryMGII
TPolIUe-CePrIIeBa
EJ1eHa CTe巾aHoBHa (BoJ10HIaIIKa),
30cIIMa, apxIIMailノ11)IIT CIIMoHoBEl
且oTIb
CTe巾aHa lV,
rocnonapFI
MOJIJIaBCKOfO, >KGHa I'IBalla HBaIIoBⅡ咽MoJIomoro 22、33、 61,
6469,8082,84,85,90,96,
npHI皿eCCa,
MOHaCTI,IPH,
3aTeM
MIITPQJIOJIIIr
MocKoBcltlIii 2 1 、 22, 36, 55, 73
MBaH AWIpeeB咽、KII. MOX<aiiCKI"lii,
KH.
AHnpefl
nMIITplleMqa
I46
ZIOKI1フユaT-
cKoro Kopo" Xa'Ica l41、1 42,
144, 154, 167, 175, 176, 181
EJTb[I almHOBLI,
26ʻ4
MoHacTbipFI 336
cblH
106-108, 114, 115, 147
EJIII3aBeTa,
367,369
3eMJIeBJIa1eJIbⅡbl
HBaH BOPncoBIIq, KH Py3cKIit,
cbIH KH. .BoPIIca BacIIJIbeBIIIIa 78,
94,107,159,173,183,184,195,
198, 200,277
HBaII III BaCI,IJII)eBWII,B、KII・MOC-
E,JIb別meBII[I B. B. 4, 6, 8, 252
EponKIIH (PonIIelloK) A巾aHacⅡ1ʻ
cblH 6oHpcKIIii 42
EI)omKIIHbl, nBo"I-IcKI{i poノ1,m(j…
ToMKII cMoJ1eHCKIIx KHmKaT 87
KoBcKI"Ii 10, 12, 13, 16-19, 21
25,2838,40,4471,7379,
81-96, 98-111, 115-125, 128-
130, 135-147, 151-156, 158, 159,
162、164166,
383
168-172,
1 74,
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
176-187,
189-191,1 93-206,
208-228,
23 1-239,
243-245,
247-25 1 , 257, 265, 268, 274 ,
277, 278, 280, 300, 3 10, 31 7, 334,
Ka1Jv6oBcKIIii A. n. 192
Ka3aKoBa H. A. 36,57, 60、 90,
100, 105-107, 114, 153,174, 227.
374
1(a3IIMmp lV HreJI@JIoBIILI, KopoJIb
HBaH IV BacHJIbeBI,III rpo3Hblii,
B・KII., 3aTeM Uapb MocKoBcKIIii 7,
54,102, 132, 250, 257,268, 276,
278, 279, 281 304, 306,312, 316,
320,332,358,360-364,369,
370,373
232
noJIbcKIIii lI B. KH. JIIIToBcKIIii 34,
63
KaJIaimoBII'I I<. 。. 342, 365, 368,
370
I<ama[IoB H. B、378
1<apaM31111 H. M. 79, 103
HBaH I'IBalIOBIILI, KH. Pfl3aHCKIIil,
cblH HBalIa BacIIJIbeBII[Ia, B. KH.
"3aHcKoTo 261, 265
I'IBaH Iノ1BaHOB1III MOJIOZIOii, B・KH.、
cblll l/1BaHa lII 13, 22-43, 47,
48, 5 1, 58-60, 62-64, 71, 93,
118, 123, 124, 179, 181
IIBall MIIxaiiJIoBIIII,
KI(.
nePe-
KapaMblmeB AHnpeii, nlIceu 44
KaPaMLImeB BacPIJIIM, nIIceU 44
I<aCCHaH, aPxIIMallノIpIIT HoBroponcKoro IOpbeBa MoIIacTIDIpFI 232
KaTaeB I4. M. 240, 309, 318, 344,
348,365
B. B. 29
プ1<a(jcHray3
,
N1ml)IIall, MIITDOTIOJIHT
MOCKOBCKMii
128
Mblm.nbcKIlit 157, 160
IIBaw IOpbeBHII, KHH3b 47
1<IInPIIFIHOB naHIMa,nbflK 243
1/IBaH IOI)beB1III c」1f. IIti'1,1)IIKeeB
KI'I)'IJ'J1,
ルIBall lOI)beBIILI
HBaIIOB rPHrOPl戒①e40POB cblH,
ITIIcelI 199
IirIIaTI1ii, CTaPeU, MIMTPOnOJIII[11'Iii
noceJII]cKHii 93
HeBJTeB IIBaH, 3eMIIeBJIaneJIeu 357
HJIOBa i#CKI曲Ⅱ. H. 234
IIOaHII, <<BeJIbMO)K", 8jlPeCaT nOcJIaHIM I'IocII(I)a BoJIoHKoro 70
Hoaca巾, IIryMeH Tpo皿e-Cel)rHeBa
3aTeM
KIIPmlJT, IIryMeH I<JmHcKOii l/130cmMIIHoii nycTblHII 273
HBIIHa JI. H. 10, 333, 343
MOHacTblPFI,
I,'ryMeI' KHI)wIJIo-BeJ'o-
3el)cKoro MoHacTHpfI 127
MIITPOnOJIIIT
MocKoBcKIIii 284, 329, 334, 336,
338,343,348
HOaXHM I, Ky"IOPCT BPa"eH-
6yprcKHi 166, 175, 176
HoHa, aPxIIMaHJIPHT flPOcnaBCKorO
CnaccKoro MoHacTblpfl 263
HoHa, IIryMeH TpoHUe-CeprlIGBa
MoHacTblpfl 360. 362
1/IOHa, MHTPOnOJIIIT MOCKOBCKmii
131
PIocⅢ巾BoJIoUK1Iii (HBaII CaHIIH),
ocHoBaTeJIb l,I III、yMeH BoJIoKoJIaMCKOrO MOHaCTbIPfl, ny6JIH-
ⅡⅡcT 35, 70,. 87, 152,191, 193-、
1 98, 258
KIImKa CTaHIIcJIaB (HH) neTpHHIKOBHII (neTPOBIIII) , BOGBOna H
HaMeCTIIIIK
cMOJIeHCKIIit,
nOCOJI
JIm、oBcKMii B MocKBy l56, 166
KJIeMelITbeB I<y3bMa, cy"H 28
I<JIm6aHoB A. II. 36, 1 12, 153
KJIIoLIeBcKIm B、0. 79, 103, 230
]<JIFInllK-EponKI"IH
MIIxal,IJI
CTena-
I{oBIIII,nocoJI 237
Ko6e@meB HIIK"op, ZlbfIK 59
Ko 6e.JII.cJIt. CaBml HayMKo Ko6eJTI,
Ko6pIIH B.B. 71, 94, 213, 321
1<o6fTK, JIbFIK 56
Ko6fIK
rpmropHh
nMI,ITPmeBI'ItI,
3eMJIeBJIaneJIeu 266
Ko>Kall[IHKoB n. E. 258
Ko3JIoBcKIIe, K"3bH 252
I<o30naB、ml, 3eMJJeBJIaneJIbUbl '145
Ko.rlbl[leB-JIo6aH I'IBaH AH叩eeBHII,
IIaMeCTHIIK II
KOHIOmHh HOBrO-
poJICKIIii 232
KoHoH, cTapen Tpo皿e-CeprHeBa
MoHacTbl" 189
I'IcIIx11H, cTapen TpoI皿e-CeprmeBa
MoIIaCTblPfl 313
Ka6aHoB A. K. 240, 309, 318、338,
344,348,365,378
6
384
KoHTaPmm A (Contarini A.) 23
I<onaHeB A II. 188, 216, 226, 235
1<oI)eUKIIi B. II. 222, 273
KopHH"Ⅲi|I
KoMeJIbcKIIit, ocIIoBaTeJIb l<opHH|JIbeBoii n#cTblHII 76
。
I<oPo60B AI皿peii l/IBaHoBHII, B()e- 1 82,192, 193, 197, 227, 232, 237,
Eo" 109-111, 115,
117, 118,
327
144
JIIoToI) c,11.
4
Kopo6bllH CeMeH IIBalloBIIII, 3eMjeBJIMeJIeU 261
KoIIIIH r.E7, 14
KomKIIII
IOp" 3axapbl111 (3a-
Xpe6ToBMq
JIIIToBaP
MailKo AHmpeik me。nol)oB,八b列K,
.,n9coJI"、47,
66, 99
MaiiKoB B. B. 321
U
fa"BII11," 60HpmH, &HaMecfHI"
Maifa2IIit,̲gWe"""2ro"-
HoBroponcKIIii 36, 58, 155--157、 CKIIM, 3aTeM MHTPOnOJIIIT MOCKoBcKIm ・131, 312, 338, 345, 346,
159, 160
U
348,373
KomKMI-3axapbIIH HKoB 3axapIコII〔I
MaKap", aPxIIMalMPIIT LlyJlOBa
(3axapbeBHII), 60RpllH, BoGBQ4a
W r ; : : F W ' " M M " MMaKapllii,
M " " bIIryMeH
W
“ i TI)oⅡue-CeprIIel<y6eHCK戒 HBaH IIBalIOBIIII, KII.,
Ba MolIacTbIpH 23, 30, 32
JIBoPenKHi 358, 359
MaKcIIMrPeK; ny6"l皿ⅡcT 269
KV6eHcKIIi# MHxaHJI HBaHoBIIq, MaKcIIMImllaH I, IIMnepaTop aBK11., 6oFIPIIH 368
cTpIIiicKMii 89
1(V3 1 IelIoBm.Ⅲ. 253
MaJIelIH A.Ⅲ、155
Ky3bMIIH A r234
MaJIoB AlleKceii (O"el<"ii) HKoB:IIeB CI,111, JLBIIH>III11H 340
l<VJIemlIH BacII|川Iil, J【団K 118
KVHmeBMII r. 3. 323
MaJIoB IIBaH (I'1BamKo) HKoBJIeB
KyP6cKImAH八Pei[MMXaiiJIoBIILI,、CbIH, "mWW "
"̅35-
-̅4̅-
MaMaToBa E n l84
MaMyK, IlapbmM6aHCKHh77
Kyp [皿blll BoJIK I'IBall HBalloBHII,
i"36,86, 233
M"bnla ..HBaH
GルL・ naTp lIKeeB
HBaH HBaH'oBH[I MaHblHa
I<yPIIUbIH enOP HBaHOBIIM,Jb71K
" ", 57, 58; 106, 107"1 1 1
MaplifI BopllcogHa, B KIMJj9"92-
Ic|kaf', nl,OI,L BOP、'I|ca A|JIeK|cIaHL-
I<yTy30B BopIIc BaCWILeBUq, P0m-
iIMm""ioESr:5",̅'66̅-
!"laijIM。 WW9IR nePBa"
I<XMAI"M'K;"hIf、3r, "
MM WWMMW
MaMapllfl HPocJIflBHa (Mal)4)a), 3
KyqKIIH B. A. 10, 320, 332
KIopbemb p. (Curiel R.) 167
KH. M:O'CKOBICKafl, nPIIb 601)OBCKO1CePnVX'OBICKOrOKl-Ifl3HHPO1CnaBa
B@iaiHMmpolBMa,)KallaBa"皿》】
JIeB mlIJIOJIOr, 60JIraPcKI[ii UePKoB-
11 13, 347 54, 2,1'3-2117, 235
I I b l i t m l C a Te J I b l 9 4 - 1 9 6
M,apKc K、6, 1'1, 19'1, 251, 286, 287
JIeoII, JIeKapb ].[3m
BeHemllI
35
『
JIeoHIIn, IlepKoBHblik mlcaTeJI1> 239,
MalcIcJIeHIIHKo'Ba H. H、2i66
MaCJIOB HB'a,H A皿bl,(bePOB cIJIII,
3eMJIeBJIa'XeJIeJl 265
261, 273, 349
J̅IeoHTIIil, nbHK 28
JIIInHTMH eXOP meIIOPoBHII,Ⅱ11-
Me皿IIH B. (Medlin W. K.) 219
劃
MIIKWI I,IHcW城MHxaHJI
ceu 202
eniopo-
BHk1, KII., BoeBona l5'6, !1157
,mIIToBap "!. XPe6ToBIIII JImToBaP MMMK6B h. H、3512
HI'
JIIIxa[IeB
264,304,362
MIIJIIoTIIH B. A. 8
224, 240,
H.Ⅱ
252,
、 2263,
2 4 , 2MMm、̅",hnu
4 0 , 2 5 2 , rIMwTnwM
2且IMHTP”HIMIITPHit
63,.
lI'BaHOB
'CblH, 3eMJI|eIBJIalneJleu 264
MIIxalM
cM.
PycaJI|Ka
MIIxaIIJI
flIKoBJI|eBIIKI
IJIo6aH cJI4. 3a60JIoTcKIm-JIo6all
JIvKa BoJTomeHI[H, nocoJI 85
J1ypbe H.C. 26, 29, 36, 39, 55, 57、 MHxa:wl AHIXpeeBII'I, KIH. BeP:eil60,70,7982,85,87,89,90、93,
R,
ʻcKmⅢʻⅢ6eJIiO3ePCKHH,cbI11KH
|'I 6eJI,O3ePCKHii, cbIII KH
100, 104-107、 109, 111, 112, 114,
AHZIPeRⅡMIIT,pHelB I,画a 45, 46,
1 19, 121, 122, 127, 145, 147, 148,
150, 151, 153, 154, 165, 167, 174,
50, 94, 1 1|2, 1|13, 127, l'28, 177,
|1'90, 2'21, 246
385
■
モ,
MIIxaIIJI BoPMCOBIIII, B. KH. TBeP|CKOji, CI,IH KH. BOI)|IIICa AmeK'caHIJJ)oBH.ua 31, 44, 202
MHxaIIJI
OrapeB CGMell AJIGKca'H|mpoB cbIII,
noMeUHK 190
011・IHUoB CnHlplmmoH, npH!cTaB 92
KJIOIIiCKHii,
OCHO,BaTe7卜
HoBropoacKu」・o
KJlon|cKoro
MoHa'cTIJIDJI l,36
0JDeBoKHii eXol) I'IBaH'oBHq, KH.,
MMm'yPHH GJI01) MHXaiiJ1OBM(1,
0,m'巾opma6a|JIa,Kpe|cTbHIHMH188
A
JlbHK 305, 333, 334
01)emHI1・KoB A. B. 25, 26, 39, 40、
Moll'ceeBa r.H、lM一198
MO'CeeB
A*aHa'C",
Hal1GcTIIIIK MypoMcKIH|ii 330
Ona6IJImb c". AJIa|6blmb
51
nOMe皿HK I85
OcoPblIHbl, 3eMJIe|BJIaneJIIbnbl 240
MoceeB enop, HoMelul"IK l85
0IcTDoBcKIafl M, A. 366
MoceeBbl, nOM,e皿H,KH 185, 191
McTHc.JIaBcKI,Ie, KHFI3bFI 278, 357
OcTpoBIGKKHii n. 237
OcTpoI>KicKIIii KoHcTaHTHH IIBaHoBIIII, KH,, reTMaH川,IToBcKIIii l56,
McTH|CJIa.BICKHii OeUOP MMxaiMOIB'H[1, KH. 281, 333
158, 160, 162-165
MyxaMMeJI-rllPeii, UaPb KI)I)IMCKIIii
269
Myx a MMaユ-3MMH, nlaPb Ka3aHCKIIii
OcTIoKoBHII (OcTIIKoBHII, EBcTHIKyB II L' ) r l)Iw'、op" CTlaHHcJIaBoBII11,
'B1oe}BOIIa, IIaMeICTHIIIIK MePell|c'KMii
II oH)lIKmTaicK" 115'6, 158
13, 77, '129, lli56, 157, 203, 205,
237,246,247
MyxafloB n A. 353, 357
OIIlel)HH I'IIBaH I'IBaHoBHII, no|coJI
H ajra・BIIIILa -PRIHo"oBIc|KI1 ii
naB.moIB A C. 187, 1190, 191, 2119,
l'I Ba,ll
IAlUpeeBIIII, KH. lll8
Ha3apoB B. n. 10, 32
HalcoHo,B A. H. 33, 38, 72, 97, 148,
l'53, 172, 173, 3128
HayMo,B BalcIIJIIf,ii rpH,rol)bBM11, nII,ceU 226, 235
HalyMoB I<JIsMeHITIIji, cyn" 26, 33
HeBoIHIH K. A. 139, 173, 180, 230
He"|MoHo|B BaIcHJ1Mii, 1bJIK 207,
,208
HIIIKaHmp, HryMeH Tpo|Hne-CeprPIeBa MOHa'cTblpH 359
HHKII,q),oP, c:oTcKMii l'88
HMKomIM,
U e P KO B H I J I I I Ⅱ Ⅲ ' C a T ʻ e J I I ,
i250, 255, 349
HIIJI CopcKIIii, rJIaBa HecTmKaTen'ei, ny6JIIHumlcT II|96, 257
HoBrol)o且ueB
HBaH, cJIo60A[111K
353,357
HoIB'oceJIBolM,ii A. A. 9, 1 28
H,oIcoB H. E、7, 8, 188, 253, 275,
276,32,3,327
Pq
85
227
naJIGoJ1oir Co。bH cM. Co巾bH 。)MIIHmIIHa naJIeoJIOr
n aJIe'UK砿 HBa'H eaOPIOBMII, KII.,
BOe|BOna l"
Ⅱaノ1 euK城 のenOP HBaHOBH[1, KII.,
BoBB'oXa l56
naTI)IIKeeB A*aHacMii lIBaHoBHIM,
KH. ・102
naTpHKeeB IIIBa'H IIIBaHoBHII MaHblHa, KII. 102, 106
na|TI)IIIKeeB HIBa|II IOPbelBII・III, KH.,
6oHip,HH 3'6, 47, 48, 50, 58, 102,
1103, 106, ,l'07, 1 10
naTPHKeeB-KoIcoii
BacIMMi
l'IBaHOBH|11, KH., 60HPIIH, B MOHameIcTBe BalCCHaH, |ny6JMILHIcT 49, 50,
52, 53, 58, 59, 102, 103, 105l107, 1 10, 1'112, 258
n、arPHKeeBbl, K,HH3DH, 60flpe lO2-|109, l111,'1-1!16
口aIOcoB AHmlpeii '-IepHbUoB cblll,
nioMemHK 231
060JIeHIcK:IW
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