WTAMnbl AnSI nMcToBoM
WTAMnOBKM.
PAC'IETbl M KOHCTPYMPOBAHME


CnpaBO'lHMK
nOA peA8KL\Mei B. B. &enOBa M r. M. XeCMHa




.
H3CTOJlIltlfii CnpaBOIIHHX COep)ICHT YK33aHHSI no paC"tIeTY II KOHCTPYlfpoBaHHIO mT3MnOB WlSI nHCTOBoD mT3MnOB-
XH: pa3eJfIfTCJ]hHhlX (QJUI BHpy6KH, WlJI np06HBICH, A11J1 33'lHCTKH) H 4>oPMoo6pa3YIOX (7nl m6ICH, A11J1 BLlTJI)I(KH,
nJIjf pa360PToBxH, A11J1 OO.*HM3, Mil 'leK3HKH) WIJI MeTaJIJlOB, HeMeT3JIJlH'leCKHX M3TepHaJIOII H CJlOHCTYX IIJIaCTHKOB.
B CnpaBOqHIfK, C03;J.3HHhlH H3 003e PTM (PYKOBOKHii TeXHHilecKHH M3TepUaJI) IIKJlJ01IeHbl paC1leTY H3 fipo1ll&-
CTh OCHOBHNX eT3Jleii WT3MnOB, paClIeThi T3peJJhllaThIX, KD.lIhneBYX H .Q.HJ1HHapINecKHX npyHH H OCHQBHWe CBe,neHH5I
no BN60py npeCCOB.
B CnpaBO'lHHlCe cOepJICaTCj[ He06xo;:tHMHe CBeHH5I no ICOHCTpyHpoBaHHIO WT3MnOB c npHMeReHHeM TBeMYX
CIIJI3BOB, no npHMeHeHHIO nO.1lHYPeT3H3 B WT3Mnax. no H3roTOBJIeHH1O U1TaMDOB MeTOOM raJIbB3HOIlJl3CTHICH H .IIpyJ"He.
B npHJ10JKeHIIJIX nplfBe)].eHhI aHHhle 0 M3TepHaJI3X, npHMeHJileMhlX A11J1 XOJIoHoii WT3MnOBXH, CBe)].eHIUi no OTH-
ry, Tp3BlleHIfIO H nplfMeHeHHIO CNaSOK npH BblTJlJKKe, 3 T3KIe npHMepH paC"tIeTOII WT3MnOB pa3J1UtJHhlX BIQOB.
I. OE"E CBEEH"
1.0 I.. T epMHHbI H onpee.neHHSI BOB WTaMDOB no rOCT 15830, TeXHOJIOrH'IeCKHX onepaU;HH - no rOCT 18970.
1.02. npaBlfJl3 BhlnOJlHeHIUI 'lep-reJKeii WTaMDOB nHCTOBOH WTaMfiOBKH no roCT 2..424.
1.03. T exHH'IeCKHe Tpe60saHHSI H3roTOBJleHHSI mT3MnoB no roCT 22472.
1.04.11IT3Mnhl OJIJKHhI YOBJIeT80IHlThTpe60BaHHjlM 6e30nocHOCTH no rOCT 12.2.109.
3) Tpe6ou3HHSI 6e30nacHOCTH K kOHCTpyKQIIH.. WT3Mna AOJIJlCHhI Ha3H3'l3ThCJI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT npeccoBoro o6opy..
B3HHSI H OCH3uteHHOCTH ero 33IQHTHhlMH YCTpoHCTB3MH, a Tae OT yCJlOBHH H xapalCTepa npoH3BO,ACTB3, raoopHTHhiX
pa3MepoB, M3TepH3Jl3 33r<rrOBOK H H33H3'leHHjf mT3Mn3. npH 3TOM OJI)lCHa 6h1Tb npYCMOTpeHa 6e30naCH3.H: 3KCDJlya-
T3ltHSI mTaMna.
6) IIIT3MnH OJlHY COOTBeTCTBOBan Tpe60BaHHgM 6e30nacHOCTH B Te'leHHe Dcem cpoKa HX 3KCIIJIy3T3ltHH.
B) B rex CJ1YQ3J1X, KorM AonyCX31OT MeMN npoH3BOlJ;CTB3 H X3paKTep pa60Thl, AJlJI BhlfiOJlHeHH)i KOTopoa npe-
H33Ha'leH mT3Mn, ero CJ1CCT KOHCTPYHpoB3Tb T3K, 'lT06h1 O.AHOBpeMeHHO npoBOJ1.HJIOCh HecKOnhKO onepaHii (nepex
.nOB) (mTaMnhl nOCJIf4(OB3TeJIbHOro H COBMemeHHoro .neHCfBHJiI) .
r) B M3PKHpoBKe WT3Mn3 CJIeJ1.)'eT YKa3aTh, C KaKHMH YCTpoHCTBaMH HJIH K3KHMH MeTOMH, 06ecne'lHB3IOIQHMH
6e30nacHOCTb, CJIeJ;1.)'eT pa60T3Th.. H3npHMep "Pa6oTaTb c nHHlteTOM npH BypyqHOM BKJIIO'leHHH IIo .
1.05. 3330phl 6e30n3cHOCTH Me DO,ABIDKHblMIf H HenOBH)KHhIMH 'l3CTilMH WTaMna OJDIC.HhI 6YTb:
3) He wee 8 MM npH H3xoeHHH n0Jl3YH3 npecca B BepXHeM pa60 1 1eM nOJlOJKeHHU;
6) He MeHee 25 MM npH H3XOeHIfH nOJl3}1H3 npecca B IfIDKHeM pa60lleM nOJlO)lteHIDI, HCKJlIO'l31OIQeM TpaBMlfpoBa-
HHe naJlblteB onepaTOpa. nPH pa60Te WT3Mna C XO.AOM DOJl3YHa npecca wee 4S MM 3330P 6e30nacHOCTH B IDT3Mne OJ]-
)lteH 6h1Th YBeJIHIleH C T3KHM paClleTOM, IlT06h1 KIfCTb PYXH He Morna 6HTt. TpaBMHpoBaHa npH HH"'HeM nOJ1())ICeHIDI nQJI-
3)'113.
nplf HeB03MO)KHOCTH BhlnOJlHeHHSI 3TUX Tpc60B3HHH He06xO.I{HMO 06ecnellHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOlfe Mephl S3WlfThi Ha
mTaMne HJlH npecce (HanpHMep, npHMCHeHHe BypyqHOro BIC](IO'leHHjI, ycr3HoBKa 33IQHTHOro orpaeHHg).
1.06. B mT3Mnax c n01l31jeH mT3MnYCMoro M3TepH3.1l3 BpYQHYIO paCCTOJlHHe Me. 3epKaJlOM M3Tpmthi H HenOll-
BHJKHIJIM CbeMHHKOM (pHC. 1). pa3Mepbl OKOH B ()rpaeHHgX AJlJI npoXOA3 mTaMnYeMoro M3TepHaJr3 (puc. 2), 3 TaK))(C
mHpHHa OTBepcTHH HJIH n330B WlSI OCMOTpa, CM33KH (pllc. 2) H T. n. II 3aBHCHMOCTH OT paCCTOjflDlSl o on3CHOro 3J1eMelf-
T3 ,nOJ1JKHhI COOTBeTCTBOB3Th T3tJn. 1.
npll HeB03MO)KHOCTH BhlnOJlHCHHJI }1Kas3HHoro Tpe60B3HHSI OJl)KHhI 6blTh npycMoTPeHH COOTBeTCTBYlOlqHe cno-
c06b1 33ThI, IfCKnlO1f3IOIQHC no03A3HHe pyx onep3TOpa II onacHylO 301lY.
Ta6JJHa I
UHTCP88JIbi PaccroKHMe or OTBeDCTHg o onSCHOro sneMeHTa X, He Meuee (NM)
pa3MepoBOMH 11;r1l1Qe.neBbIX npo,l10Jlro&aTbIX )I.nJl xpyl'nbIX HJJM KBB)JJ)aTHblX
y ()'I'Be .. OTDepcn1A
CB. 6 8 IS 15
CB. 81¥J 10 40 20
CB. 10 12 40 40
CB. 12ao 16 63 63
CB. 16ao 20 , 90 90
CR.. 20 WJ 25 130 100
CB. 251¥J 30 ICJO 100
CB,. 30 ao 36 250 110
Plfe I
PHC 2

1.07. H3 llepTexe oolQero BKA3 WTaMn3 He06xoHMO yxas3Th:
a) BhlCOTY mTaMna B ero HIt.JltHeM nOJlOJKeHHH;
6) TJ)e6yeMye YCHnHJI WTaMDOBKH;
B) BeJIlfIlHHY XOA3 nOJl3YHa npecca;
r) p3cnOJlOJKODIe pYMOOJlTOB, npHJIHBOB, Tp3HCDOpTHhlX wThlpeii HJJIf pe3b60BhlX OTBCpcmii npH Bece mT3Mn3 CBhI-
20 Kr;
) Tpe60BaHHJI TeXHHIaI C5e30n3cHOCTIf.
1.08. Ha onep3ltHOKHOM 3CKH3e IDT3MnyeMoft eT3JIH He06xol(HMO yxas3Tb:
3) M3PKY M3TepHaJIa, TOnll\HHY H COCTOjlHHe (TBephliit MSincHii, OTOJIC)fCeHHwA. 33KaJIeHHNH H T. .);
6) onycKH Ha p33MepN, DOJlYlj3eMble B 3HHOM WT3Mne H 6a30BHe p33MepN. OCTaJlbHhle p33Mephl npoCT3BJUIIOTCSI
c cnp3BO'tflme;
B) pa3Mephi p33seprKH, pMbll>CKPOSl H aHHNe 06 HX onHTHOH npoBepxe (B CJlV'Iae _He06XOL1TH).
2. MATEPHAJIbI, nPHMEHgEMbIE AHg H3rOTOBHEHHg mTAMITOB
2.0.1. Jl;x1l H3roTOBJIeHHSI nyaHcHoB H M3TPHIJ. npHMelUlK)TCJl M3Tepll8JllII, YKa3aHHNe B TatJn. 2.
Ta6J1HQa 2
HaHMeHOBaHJUI
nCTaJIe
PeKoeHnyeMLle MaTepHaro.I
3aMeHJIIOI1Ufe M8TepH811L1
TBep.o;OCIh HRC 3
MapKH
HOMepa CTapml!
HJ1H TeXfUltlecKHX
YCJIOBHA
MapKH
HOMepa C"J'8.HJJ.apIOB
unH 'reXHlNeCKHX
YC1TOBHA
M81'ptlU nyaHcoHoB
(Jam 7X3
roer 1435
roer 5950
nyaHcoHbI, MaTpHltDI H CT811L YI0A
ny8HCOH-Ma'IpHlUJI.D.JUI BhlpyftKH
H npo6HBKH. Pex<yw,HA: J(OHTYP Cran!:. X
npOCToA cl>OpMhl
roer 1435
CTanb YI0
571
CT8JIh X12M (J) rOCT 5950
C'f8Jlh 6XBcJ>
CT8JIh Y8A" coer 1435
CTanh 8X rocr 5950
(r8Jlh X12(t)1
55-59
CT Y8*
roer 1435
To >ICe. npH 60nee C1TO)l(HOA CT8.JIh X12M (J)
opMe HJlH nOBhlmeHHDIX Tpe- rO(l S 950 CTa.Y1L X12e 1 rOCT 5950 57 61
()oBaHHJ[X K T<NHOCTH. flyaHcoH- Cram. 6XB(J)
M3'rpHQW C TOH1<HMH pa00 1 uIMH
TeHK8MH
nyaHcoHbI H M81'pHltDI 381jMCT- CT811L X12M cJ> CTa.m X12(J)1
Hble roer 5950 59-63
Cram. 6XB(J) CT.8JJb, Y 1 OA
---
nyaHcoHbl M M8'IpHlUd TH60QHLIe CT8.JIh Y8A roer 1435 CT8.JIh Y8 rOCT 1435 55 -59
II cl>OpMOBOllHblC npoCToA 55 59
pMLI CT8JIh 8X(J) rOCT 5950 CT8JIh Y 1 0
To >ICe, CJTOJICHoA clx>PMhI
CT8.JIh XI2M(J)
55-59
roer 5950
C'I1UIh )12(J)1
roer 5950
57 61
CTam 6XHcJ>
nyaHcoHLI H Ma1'pHU,Ll DITJDK- CT81l YI0A
Bhle H pa36opToBOtUlwe
rOCT 1435
.
I
DyaHcoHId H Ma'IpHU,Ll AIVI
flHCTOHOIt lieKaHI<H npoCToit
OpN'Lr
CTanb Y 10 rOCT 1435 59-63 57-61
lJyryH rOCT 1412
eQ- 24-4\
llyryH
C1l 28-48
---1.-
C1'81l Y8 TOCT 1435
55 59
CT8JIh XI2;(J) I 'iMTY 5634
To )l(e:t WUI BLlTJDlCKH H3.neJ1HIt qyrYIf CIJ 32 -52 roer 1412
H3OppoHOHHOTOAKHX
C1'3J1cR
CT8JIh Y8A
mer 1435
CralIh 8X(J)
To 1Ke, CJ10)l(HoA cJ>opMLI
CranL XI2M(J) rOCT 5950
Ct8Jlh 6XB(J)
.. llnR Ma1'pHl.{ He npHMeHHeTCJI_

2.0.2. TBepx.OCTb DOCJ1e TcpMoo6pa60TKH BH.nepJK3Tb:
a) Y MaTPJfUbI - Ha rny6HHC He MeHee nOJlOBIfHhI ee BIJICOThi H H3 paCCTORHHH He MeHee 5 MM BOICPYC pa601.Jero KOH-
ry pa; OCTaJIbllaSlllaCTb MOJICeT HMeTb TBCpX.OCTb HRC 3 H3 5-12 CJ{HHHQ HlDICe;
6) Y nyaHCOH3 - no seeM BHCOTe, HCKJIIO'laJi XBOCTOBYIO llaCTh nOA paCKJlenKY HJlH roJlOBKY;
B) B KOMnJleKTC OllHOro mTaMna peKoMcyeTCJI Bep)KaTh TBepx.OCTb M3Tplf B:bIme TBepJJ;OCTH nyaHcoH3 H3 2
e.!lHHIfUbI HRC 3 .
2.0.3. B OTeJlhHblX CJ1YQ3J1X B OfihlTHOM H MCJTKOCepHHHOM npoH3BOCTBe npH WT3MBOBKe M3TepHaJIOB C BpeMeH-
HhiM conpoTHBJIeHHeM as < 20 Krcl MM 2 H eT3JleH co CJlO)KHhlM KOHTypoM H3 TOHKOro ,,'1HCT3 onycK3eTC51 H3roTOBJIeHife
MaYpHIt 6e3 TepMoo6pa601'Ku.
2.0.4. CTaJIH M3poK 6XBcI>, XI2McI> H X12cI>1 peKoMeH.AYeTcSI IIplfMeHHTh nPH HSroTOBJIeHHH BhlCOKOCTOHKIfX
WT3MnOB a TaK)fCe npH WTaMnOBlCe TBepx.hlX M3TepM3JlOB (H8npIiMep, 3neKTpoTeXHH1.JeCKOH CTaJIH).
2.0.5. CTaJlH MapoK 8XcI>, Y8A H Y8 peKoMeHJtyJOTCSI TOJIblCO W1 H3TOTOBneHHSI nyaHcoHoB pa3e.nHTenbHHx mTaM-
nOB npH npHMeHeHHIf xpyrnoii HJlH nMHJlbHoii IWIH4>oBICH (lCpoMe CJIyqaeB H3roTOBJIeHHiI WT3MnOB AJiSI 3neKTpoTex-
Hlf1.JeCKOH craJIlf)
2.0.6.. CT3JlH Mapox 4S H 50 onycKaeTcSl npHMeHfib W1 H3rOTOBJIeHHSI nY3HcoHOB H M3TpH nplllDT3MnOBKe He-
6oJ1hIDHx napTHH <JJ.0 10000 liT. B ro) JIeT3JleH H3 Cf3JIeii C a 6 < 30 ICrc/MM 2 , HeMeTaJIJIH'IecKHX M3TepHaJIOB H UBeT-
HblX MCTaJl11DB TOJIIItHHOH o 1 MM B CJ1Y1j3e TeXHHK3IC.OHOMHqeckoii HeQeJIec006pa3HOCTH npHMeHeHHJI HHCTpYMeH-
TaTlbHblX CTaJleM.
2.0.1. fiPH H3fOTOIIJ1eHHH nY3HcoHOB If M3TpH BIJITJIHhlX mTaMn08 WI9 eT3Jleii 113 THT3HOBblX CIJJIaBOE peKOMeH-
AyeTCI npHMeHJITb CJ11OIQHe M3TepH3JIlJI:
npH BHTJlJlCKe B xonOJIHOM COCTOJlHHH
ljyryH MapXH ell 35-56 HJlH ell 32-52 no rOCT 1412;
qyryH M3pKH MH no AMTY 294;
6poH3Y MapKH Bp. AXH IO-4-411.1"H Bp.. AXH 11-6-6 no rOCT 493;
TEepblC MeTaJL]lOKepaMH1.JCCKHe CllJlaBLI M3pKH BK8 HJlH BKIS no rOCT 3882;
nplf BblTJlJlCKe c H3rpeBOM
CTaJlb M3PKH SxrM HJlH 3X2B8f!) no mCT 5950;
TBepLue MeTaJ1JIOKepaMHlIeCKHe CIJJI3BhI M3PKH BK8 H.nH BKI5 no rOCT 3882.
2.0.8.. lI:JUI H3roTOBJICHHSI npoqux eTaneH mTaMnOB npilMeHIUOTCJI M3TepHaJlhI, YKa3aHHHe B T3tJn. 3.
Ta6nHa 3
HBlfMeHUBaHHJI
lJ,e"r 8J1C A
PeKOMCHJU'eMLle MaTcpManhl
3aMeHHJOlQHe MRTepHaJlbI
TBepJJ.()CTL HRC 3
MapJ<H
'i!rl. ".tepa CTaHAaprom
H1JH TeXHHtleCKHX
ycnOB1i1'
MapKM
HOMcpB cTaHJ].apTOB
HJ1H TCXHWleCRIfX
YCIIOBHA
IJYIYH CIJ24-44 rOCT 1412
qyI'yH elf 21-40 rOCT 1412
nTIan"bI 61101<0B
CTaIJbHOe JIHThe rOCT 977
40J1
CTaJIDHO JJJt1".e rOCT
30n
( 'T. 4 rOCT 380 CT. 3 rOCT 380
--
B'rYI1KIi 11 KOTIOHKM H3npaSTIH- ('TaJIb 20 rOCT 1050 Cran!. 15 rOCT 1050 59-63
IOHC (ueMeH11fpOBaTL rny5HHoR
0,5-0,8 MM)
 -----
TQ )f(e. WUllllapHf<OBbiX :'.Inp8H- C'raJlh IIIX15 mCT 801 CT8JIh 1IIX9 rOCT 801 61.a-65
nftJOlWIX
----
C'beM HHKtt Hanp 8Bl1JllOI.l.1HC C1aJIb 45 roc'];' 1050 Dan!. 40 rOCT 1050
CheMHHJ<H
--
flY3HcOHOnep)i(3'lCflH I{ M31'pHlJ,C-
n.ep*a'CCJlH
----- -
OnoA:MhI COC'faBHbIX M8'IpHI! CT.4 rO(l 380 CT 3 rOCT 380
II{HTI<l1 Of'p3JKJJ,eHWJ M TIO"IKM
--
nJ1aHKH HSnp8BTIJlIOIJJ.He
-------- ---- - 42--46
BblT,HlKHBBTel1lt I< lllTaMnaM
COBMell1e.HHoro Jl,eACTBHJl (TaJ1 45 rOCT 1050 CTaJIb 40 rOCT 1050 34- - 38*
-
- ..----
nJIH1'J<:H n..u.J{na}l,HhJe ----- ----- - 42-46
CT3J1h y rOCT 1435 CT811L '17 rOCT 1435

l1poOo./IJUH u e
--------
UMCllnBII1U'
nCl'3JICit
Jt C I<OMClllJ,ye,,"1hIC MinCpn3J11,1
30MCllHIOI1I"C Ma1'cpHaJIhI
.fBCp.aOCTL HRC 3
-------- ----
-------
MapK"
HOMCp l' 13nn'pl0lJ
lU1l1 rC'Xlntk'CCKIf
YCJlOHHA
MapKH
HOMcpa c raHJ.I,ap 1'08
HJIM l'CX IIM'JCCKHX
YCJIOBHR
)BHKK
CraJIb 35
CT.4j CT.S
rOCT 380
renH, CTYDCHt.t8t"bIe H Kpe-
Ie BIiHTId, 6yepHLle
,KH,3Be 3 n OQ J(H
r()CT 1050
42 46
(pe31-6y He 1<81lHTI.)
LI
CTaIlh )'8
rOCT 1435
CTaJlb )'7
rocT 1050
rOCT 1435
CraJIb 45
CT8JIh 40
51-55
42-46
34-38
[ BpeMeHHLJe. rpH6lCoBhIe, CT8JIh 45
olltKe
roCT 1050
CT. 6
rOCT 380
CTaJ1L 40
roCT 1050
'j'OPhl, nnOCKHe H I<pyrnl:de C T811L )'8
eJUI
CT811L )'7
51-55
lllarOHble
CT8JIh )'IOA
CT8JIh )'10
55-59
[I(HBaTeJlIf, nplDKHMbl
HbiX IDTaMnOB
CTaJ1b )'8'
rOCT 1435
CT81TL )'7
rOCT 1435
S I-55
(XOJJep>KaTeJ1H BLITH>KHb1X CTaJIb)' I OA
nOB
CT )'10
59-f)3
nSJlI<H pe3HHOBb1e Jl,flJl
'HI<OB, IlplDKHMOB H
X'B
Pe3HH8 Macno- rOCT 7338
6eH30cTOjh<aJ(
cpe,UHeA TBCp-
JJ,ocm J\G.pKH J>.'
Pe3MHa MaCJ10- rOCT 7338
6eH30cToJtKaH
cpeWieA TBCP-
T-(O1H J\G.pKH ,.A.'
J llrul BhlnJIKHBaTeJ1eA c omepL""ftUIMH T-(O 3 MM TBepAOL""fJ. HRC 3 28 -32.
3. IDEPOXOBATOCTH nOBEPXHOCTER AETAJIER IDTAMnOB
l. PeKoMeHJtyeMble a.nepoXOB3TOCTH nOBepxHOCTeii eT3Jleii WTaMUOB npUBe)].CHhI B rntJn. 4.
l. npHMepbl peKoMelfJO'eMblx mepoxoB3TOCTeii nOBepxHOCTeii eTaJIeii WT3Mn3 npHBe;:tCHLT H3 puc. 3 H B T36J1. 5.
Ta6J1H. 4
HSHM eHOBaHHJI
UlepOXOBaTOC1'h
Heo6pa6aTbIBaeM.bIC nOBepXHOCTM
Hepat50QHC nOBepXHOCTH .o.cTaneA, T -e. He conpH)(aCalOutHC'H Hit C If:JnenlieM, Hit c nOBepXHOL""fHMH UJ'yrHx .o.c-caneA.
HanplfMep: npOB8J1LHhle 01'BcpcrHS B M8TpHQax H T _U.
OnopHLIe nOBepXHOCTH, I< KOiCphIM He npeJtLJI BJUleTCJI BhlCOI(HX rpe60B3HMlt HanpHMep: OOBepXHOCTH XBOCTOBlfKa,
COnplb<acaJOD1MeCJI c nOJ1:JyHOM npecca M 1'.D.
HenonBH*HMe cCenHHeHIUI nyatrCOHOB c nyaHcoHoAep)l(aTf:neM HelQJyrnoA tj) npMbI" a TalOlCe KpyrnoA tj)OPMhI no
8-MY I(BanMTeTY, lfanpHMCp: OTBCpcrHJI B nYaHCOHo.nep>kaTenJJX nOT-( ny3HcoHhI; nosepxHoCTH Bb11'B11I<HBalO1I..lHX
W'IHTOB; Hcno,nBIDKHble COC)1HHeHHJJ nY3HcoHOB C nOBH1'eJUIMIt H T.n. nplU1eralOlnHc nOBepxHoCTH IUJHT 6noKa npH
3a3opax Me*y Ma1'pmteA It nYBHconoM 60nce 0_05 MM
HenCT-(BIDkHhle COe)J,HPleHI-UIT-(eTanclt KpyrnoR 4»OpMhI DO 7 -MY 1< BanHTeTY . HalIpHMep: coe)J.RHeHHe nyaHcoH8 HnM
nyaHCOH-M3-rpHItbI kpyrnoA tj)OpMhI C nyaHcoHOAep>KaTeneM, coeHHCHHJI ycr3HOBO'tlHbIX WTHTOB. ynopOB. HanpaB-
nSI01ltHX BTynoK It J(onOHOK H T.n.j npHneralOutHe It onopHhle nOBepXHOcm paJnlfllHbIX AeTancR, lfanpHMep: nplU1e-
ralOUlHe nOBepXHOCTH n8KCTR. B.LlranKHBaTenH, CbeMHJt.Ka, nJIHT 61101C8 npH 3a30pax Me)kJJ.y Ma'IpHQ,eA M ny3HCOHOM
MeHce 0.05 MM M 1'.8.
Pa60tJHe nOBepXIIOCTH Ma-rpHlllf l1yaHcoHOB,pa3JJ.enMTeSlHbIX It tj)opMoo6pa3YlOllIHX lllTaMDOB_ nonepXHOCTH CKonb-
)KeHHJI no 6-7-MY J<BaJJHTeTaM, HanpMMep: nOJJ;I:U()KHble l.C,D;HHeHHX HanpaBnHIOIUHX BTYJIOI< H I<01l0HOl< If 7."
Pa60QMe nOBepXHUCTH Marpmt, nplDKHMOB K Bbll'aJlJ<IfBaTeJ1eJt Bb1T.H*HLIX WTaMnOB pa6o'lMe nOBepXHOCTH Bb1py6-
ItIdX WTaMnOB"pH WTaMnOBl<e MJU'KHX I1BCTIILJ)' MeTaJInOB If cnnaBOB c ConpOTHBJlCHHeM cpe3Y UP 24 1<.TC/MM 2 .
Hcp*aBelOIIlMx cnnc1t H HeMeT3J1J1WfeCKHX MaTepli3J10B; pa60i!He nOBcpxHoC'.D! nyaHcoHoB H Ma'IpHu, :JI'lHC11ihIX
WTdMnoB; nOBepxHoCTH J<31jeHHJI B 6nol<8X C WapHI<OBb1MH HanpaBnBlOI..UHMJf; nOBepxHOCTH nOJI,BIDKHblX Coe,AH-
KeHtlA H8.npasnJlJOl1.\Hx I(OnOHOIC H HTynOt< B 6noKax npUH3HOHHbIX U1TaMnO'B.
"npH 1"OHlltUHe wraMnycMoro MaTepHana CBhIlllC 3 MM nOBepxHoCTH M31PHU M 1I)'3HCOHOB p33,AenH1"Cfl"hHLIX If tj)OpMoot5p83YlOlllUX WTaMIJOB
p;onYCl<aeTCH BhInOJ1HjJl" c wepoxoBa.j"OCThlO IV
a
6
3
1
o
o
O

..'- '
__ I "/
I .. ·
I

 r"'
::..... ,; : D' ..')  ...... L-.- ...... I
_    " J'   I  r ..   :.", r--9 J:f "'" q i J'
1_  ,-,:, '\  ' .'-1..' V
_ 'I .... ., \.. '"' oC II  I - "'.. "'" -
" r I .... 0  I, '   " I
  o.' L::  I  - . 
. '-"-'" '-....'".\i <:;-1&' : I :I
 I: 4; :A    ' 
,   , r'" tA _   0
, ;:;t-    .. I
'Iir   I! I
r I t -T' ...
_ I )  I I I, ; J.
1 ....." \'  V.. I I'D a,.
I j", I   !  
. . I . I  
II I I  "'JI'"
 :=- 
P HC. 3

Ta6J1MQ8 S
D.nHTa
XBQCTOBHK
;p)
 ocma.lllHOe
I - oJ
.
I
II
--+- .-
-npH &130pe Ne Ma'IpHueA H nYH8COHOM Menee 0,5 MM.
III
n 8HCOH
Ma Ha

It
....
0'
. .lI..rUI3a1lHCTllbIX WyaNDOB, a TIlC)I(e JL1ISI pa:QeJJHrenhHblX "PH WT8MDOB- - )).n1l3&1IHCTllbIX WTaMnOB" 8 TaJ()Ke WJA pa:QeJlUTeJIbllbIX liP" WTaMDOs-
J::e UBeTRbIX MeTaJ1JJOB H eMaBOH H HeMeTB1IJIHQeCICKX M8TepH8JlOB. ICe U&eTHblX NeT8JLJIUB H cnnaBOB H HeMeTa.n.J1H 1 IeCKHX MBTeplm.JloB.
Pe  1IUI1i cexQIUI

L cp
,8
C'beMHHK
n KJ(8)].IC8
3.2
(J,B
-+-
$- '-Ef)$

nyaHCOHO.aep)K&TeJ1h

 




I
 a- .
'W . '¥
1 6 '- /\b L"--' {f!\\
 .. '1.0 ..JJ W
J ....
.........- " 1"""-,-
. " 
CI>HlCcaTop I1JIOCKuH

,#
$ :a
V
 y
AI£
dJ
n pY )l(J.{HHb1A C'heMHIUl
::;-... -+-, .,.
:./   ..}' 
1.6/ ..  
v .-"- '" .
'", -"l"'''' '" '" ..
0' i iJ -'//',  "'., ,,,-"J
, _n'c  '" '"


I
-
nooepXHOCTH CKMb)l(eHHJI
WnoH01IHoe coe.nttHeHHe

 
 /
z   j
"" ""    
\.

 0  <€-
f/f} ///// 
J  'lT// 
npoJ!O'iI.'''Mf
IlanJ)BBJJRJOUUiIlI1Jl8HKa


I "
 /h]
I J
{'O I"
,/ \..
Ynov
-
.
. 6
.
,
,lI,eTBJlH m601JHOro WTBMna
w
 a.e .......... ",'"'"'I.: '-' ,
'fJJv ..:J c' J ",
:.."'   
  /'i'J . .(2
 /0
lleTanH BblTg)l(HOro WTaMna
J],JJR npecca llBOI1HOro HCTBHSI

.   !
-.,   -"" 
io4I /  ;11  /' ,-;.i;
- r.-..!HI / //  Iil / / ,'-, 'J
'.1 a   / .,'-
Ii ; ..  ://. T//4P!L
4Y >..--..f.....,, &'--""'''
 
"1 . I ,,/;t,J
_ ".".- "I.   -:/ /1
-7(;  / " V/ / I!'  ;./I
C]  [ '    > :
I / / I f' /
I .. / I IL
..., T

DpOIOlllfKMf
,lI,eT8JlM BbITSUKHOro WTaMna AJ1S1 npecca
n oro AecrB'UI

'"
.
4. PACKPoR MATEPHAnA
4.1. OllPMEJIEHHE PAUHOHAJlbHOrO PACKPOSI nOnOCLI (JIEIITbI)
4.1.01. PaUHOH8JIhHYH pacKpoii DOJIOCY (JleHTH) xapaKTepH3YeTCSI KO*PHu.u eHTOM HcnOJlb30BaHH M3Teplt3JI3 'I'J B
npou;eHT3X H onpeAeJtjleTCSI no clx>PMYJle ·
Fa
71=-100
.1 F. '
3
(I)
r.ll.e
F - 2
a - IIJIOIIt3Jtb mTaMItyeMoH eTa.nH, MM ;
e6 ... - 2
FJ - IIJIOa):{h 33roTOBKH, TP yeMolI WIJI H31'OTOBJ1eHH mTaJrnYeMOH er8JIII, MM .
P3CKpoii MO)fCe1.66Tb npocTliM - AJIJI OHOH e18JI11 H KOM6HHHPOBaHM - AJI.H HeCKOJlhKHX eTaJleD.
4.1.02. nJlOInb 3aroTOBKH (pRe. 4) IDIJI DlT3MoyeMoH eTaJIH F3 II MM OnpeAeJllIeTCSI no clx>PMYJle
FJ = TB,
(2)
me T
B
- mar Me er3JIHMH, MM;
- WHpHH3 nOJIOCH, MM.
4.1.03. npRMOyroJIhllHe eT3JIH ne.necoo6pa3Ho pacnOJIaraTb I!):\OJIb nOJIOCH MeHhweii CTOpoHhI C TeN, 1Ir06h1 no
J(nHHe nOJIOCIII nOMecTHJ1OCb H3H6cmbmee 'lHCJlO eTaJleii ('lepT. 2). 3THM OCTHraeTCSl3KOHOMH5I M3TepHaJl3 H DOBblwe-
Hue npoH3BOHTeJlbHOCTH TPYAa.
4.1,,04. KpyrJlhle H MHoroyroJlhHHe eT8JlH lteJIecoo6pa3Ho pacfi0Jl3raTh II HeCKOJlhKO PAAOB II maXMaTHOM nopKnKe.
OnH3KO CI'OHMOCTJ. MHoropHX lDTaMnOB BYWe, lleM O;:tHOPJlAHhlX, n03ToMY WISI MeJlKOCepHiiHoro npoH3BOCTB3 OH
MOryr OK333ThCJI 3KOHOMH1IecICH HeBhll"O,AHHMH.
4.1.05. CxeMa paCKpoSl npH TpeXp5JAHOH Bwpe3xe KpyrJlhlx er3JIeA H pacnOJlOJICCHHe nyaHcoHoB AJI.H Bblpy6KH H
np06HBKH, a TaX)Ke waroBoro HOJK.a npHBeAeH3 H8 pHC. S.
4.1.06. K03e!xPuqHeHT HCDOJIh30BaHHSI M3TepHaJla '1 B npou.eHTax npH Bhlpyf)Ke KPYI'JIHX e13J1eii onpeAeJ1S1ettJl no
4>opMyJ1aM: ·
3) npn MHOroPIJOM pacnOJlOJICeHHH xpyrJlhlx eTaJleH B maXMaOM noplJ.AICe (pHe. 5) I
= nO. 78SD 2 100.
1/ (D +a l ) [D+2a+ (n -l )(D +al ) sina] ,
(3)
6) npH O;:tHOHOM paCDOJIO)fCeHBH xpyrnhIX er3JIeH
0,78SD 2
7J - (D +a l ) CD +2a) 1m, '
(4)

rAe n - qHCJIO n3pa;mHO paCIIOJIOJICeHHYX pH.,nOB;
D - l1:H3MeTp eT3JIH, MM;
a H a. - WHpHHa nepeMhI'IeK no KpaSiM nOJIOCIi H Mey e1aJ151MH, MM (T3tJn.. 8);
a - YroJl CMefHHJI eT8J1eii, 06h1'B10 npHHMMaeTCSI paBHhlM 60°.
3H3qeHife t] aHO 6e3 YIjCT3 IDHPHHbI KPOMKH, 06pe33eMOH maroBblM HO)l{OM.
4.1.01.. Buoop 3KOHOMH1lHOro paCnOJlOJKeHHSI eT3Jleii co CJIOXHoii KOH4>HrypaqHeH npoH3BO;:tHTCSI rpa4>HljeCKHM
nYTeM.. Anll 3TOro H3 6YM3:m Bhlpe3310T 2-3 m3tJnoHa wT3MnyeMoH eT3JJH c npHrrYCICOM no KOHTYPY Ha BCJIHIjIlHY ne..
peMYliKH H HaXOJ:UIT H3HBIiro.QHeiimee paCOO}lOXeHHe AeTaJleii Ha DOJlOCe, npH XOTOpoM x034xt>HHeHT HCnOJIb30B3HHSI
M3TePHM3 H3H60JlhWHii.
4.1.08. B TCX CJIyqa.Kx, KOr;:{3 3KOHOMH'lHOCTb paCKposI O,l:{HH3KOB3 nptl pa3J1INHOM pacnOJlOJICeHHH e13J1ei H3 nOJlo-
ee. He06xoHMO npHHHM3Tb B3p113HT C 60JIee IIDIpoKoii nOJlOCOH H MeHbmHM m3roM, T3K K3K 3THM JlOCTHraeTCSI 3KOHO-
MHJI M3Teplf3JI3 npH pa3J:sKe nHCTOB H3 nOJIOCIII H COKpa1IlaeTCSI BpeMSlH3 m13MI1OBKY.
n p 11 N.e II a H M e. KocoR paCkpoH 3H8&fHTenbHO yCJIOJKHReT npoeKTHpoBaHHe M M3IU'fOIL1IeHHe WTaNnOB nO:JTOM)' em cneJ:U'eT npMMeHRTb nMW.
npM cepHHHOM npoH3BO,1:1C1'Be.
4.1.09. 3KOHOMH MaTepHaJla npH WTaMnOBKe AeTaneii C11mtcHOii cJx>PMbI MOXeT 66Tb OCTHrHYTa npH BCTpCHOM
HX paCnO}lOXeHHU:
3) nYTeM nOBopara nOJlOCHI nOCJIe npoxo.z;t nepBoro pQ3 (PIIC. 6a); He):\OCTaTKOM l¥lHHOro cnoc06a RBJ1l1eTC5I CHIDKC-
HUe npoH3BOTeJJbHOCTH mT3MnOBKH BCJICTBMe HCKpHBJleHHg DOJlOChl J10CJIe Bblpy6KH liepBoro px.n3 H 06pasoBaHHJI
H3 Heii 3ayceHlteB, Bhl3b1B3IOIfX TpaBMY PYICH pa6ollero. aHHhlH cnoco6 npHMeHHM B OCHOBHOM npH mT3MnOBKe B OT-
KpblTbiX m13Mn3X H npH TOlIlQHHe M3TepHaJl3 OT 0,5 o 3 MM;
I
A,"".,,}
1
PeKOMeH)JJ'eMbIH paCkPOH
HepeKOMeH..QyeMLIH p8CICpOH
..
...
.

.

t
Ilbj
.t

...

-
.
-
r

DO 
I
I 40 .
I
L
-=-
PIIC. 
PHC. 5
1 - nyaucoH Bblpe3HOri; 2 - nyDHCOH np06HBHoi'l; J - UO)l( waroBLIM
LJJ1mV
LJATIV
.
8
6
PHC. 6
6) nYTeM npHMeHeHHJI AByxnyaHcoHHoro m'IaMna (julC. 66); npH 3TOM cDoco6e YBeJlRQHB3eTC5I CTOHMOCTh M3roTOB-
neHHIl mT3M03.
4.1.10. H3H6o.nhwall 3KOHOMHSI M3Tepua.l1a nOJIyqa-
ercSi npH 6e3OTXQZJ:HoH HJlH M3JlOOTXO.nHOH m'I3MnOBKe
(pRC. 7).
HeJtQCT3TKOM cnoc06a B.1IJleTCg NaJl3S TOQHOCTb
Bblpy6aeMoro KOHTypa (He Bwme 14-1'0 ICB3JJHTeT3 npH
WT3MnOBKe M3TepH3J13 HHOH o 1 MM).
4.. 1.11.. npH BWOOpe mHpHHhI M3Teplt3JI3 He06xoJ:nl-
MO YlIHThlB3Tb CT3H.A3prHlie paSMCp.hl JlHCTOB H JleHT.
P3cnoJJaraTbeTaJtH CJ]eJU'eT T3K, 1lT06h1 WHpllHa no.1IO-
Ch[ 61iJ1a KpaTHoii CT3H.A3prHhlM pa3MepaM JlHCTOB.
4.1.12. B TaM. 6 npHBeAeHY npHMeDhi DaClCpog c
OTXOJJ;3MH nOJlOC, 3 B TatJn. 7 - npHMeHeHHe
MaJlOOTXOJ],HOro H 6C3OTXOJ],HOro paCKpog.
1
PI1C. 7
MaJJOOTXO.AHag WTaMOOBlCa
6e3OTXO..QHIUI
WT3MOOBKa

3CXH3W
.
l
+-
TafinHU& 6
n MeHeHHe
Anti .AcTanefi npocroA  cJx>PMW (np5lMOY-
HoA.KpyrnoA.KpaTHOH)
Anti "cTanefi r -OOpa3HoA IfJIH .npyroH CJIO)KHoA lComJ»wypa-
J..tHMt ItOTopwe np" I1paMoM pacnOJlO>KeUMM )Ul1OT 6o.nt.WHe
OTXO)UJI Mer8JlJ18
Anti cT8JleA T -. n-. lli-06pa3HoA ItOH4>Hrypau"". 1C0000a,le
npH npgMON It H8ICJ1OHHOM paDJOJIo*eHHH JUlIOT OOJlbWHe
OTXO NeT8JIJ18
.nntl JUlYx pa3JlH'IIIbIX cT8JleA. O»lHaICOBhlX no TOJImHHe H
M8pKe NeT8JIJ18. B ICpynHOCepHHHoM I( MaCCOBOM npoH3BO,n-
CTHe
Anti "cTanefi He6o.nbWHX p83MepoB B ICpynHocepHftHoM It
M8CCOBOM npoH3BOACTBe
Anti McnKHX I( Y3KHX AeTaneH (IJ8COBble CTpeJ1KH M nOJ(06Hhle
eTaJlM) HJJK )VIA nOCJleOBaTeJJbHort BblTtUKKH B neme B
ICpynHocepldiHOM It MaCCOBOM npoH3BO.ACTHe

THn
npHMOA
IL"\KJlOHHblH
DCTpe'IHblft:
3CKH3b1

, ,

-$
.-
-- ,
:..
_t I_
.:
KOM6nutpou.aHHbIA
M.IOroP«.AJlLIH
TafiJlHa 1
n MeHeHMe 08CK
J].nR eTa.neA npHMO)TOJIWiOA HJ1M Ksa.npaTHOA KOH4>Hrypa-
qMl1
J].nR .neTueA r -o6pa3HOA HJJH .l1PyroH KOH4>HrypaQHH. l'ony-
Ck810111HX He6o.nbWMe J1erj)eItTW ICOHTYp&.
J].n!ll J1eTaneft: T -. n-. lII-06pa3HoA It. nonycKs-
IOlltHX ileOOnltmHe ec)eKTbI J(OH1}'pa
J].nA altyx pa3JIHIIHLIX cT8JleA. B3aHMOsnHcwll8lOlLlKXCA no
KOHHrypaltMM (wapHl1pHbJC nCT"'H If T. n.)
J].nR J1eTaneA npSlMoyronhHoA. Ksa.npaTIIOft ItJIH weCTurpall-
HoA lCoH4mrypaltMM HeOOnhwHX p83Mepo8 B kpynHocepHA-
nOM 11 NaCC080M npoH3BO}tcne

.
DpODalfln"
C awJ)e3KoA nepeNW1IeK
JI)Ig .neTueA YAJlHHeHHOA pMbI. H3roTOBnSleMhIX H3 Mep-
Hoff nOJ1OCW KJJH neHTh' 6e3 OOpe3KH B.A0JIb ,AnHHHbIX CTOpoH
--$- -
4.1.13. npH Blllpy6lCe H3eJIHft, nOBepraeMNX B A3J1bHeAmeM m6Ke B BYX H3npaBJIeHHj{X, JIHHHH m(5a ltCJIecoo6-
pa3HO paCR01IOZRTh DO,Q yronOM 45° JC H8npaBJIeHHIO BMOICOH MaTepH3JIa (pHC. 8)
4.1.14. npH BlJlpy6xe H3eJIHftll nOBCpraeMYX B A3nhHeAmeM m6xe B OHOM HanpaBJIeHHH, pacnOJl8raTh H3;:{enH5I
C1JeT Tax. 'lT06H H3HMeH))mH'A yroJl Me nHHHeH m(5a H H3npaBJIeHHeM BOJIOKOH COCT8BH.1I 30 G (pHC. 9)
NlZhPaARue
.00000M
.
Ha.n.PQ&1III"e
IJOADlt.DH
-..
.. -
.AuHtLu. lJa4'a
PHC. II
PltC. 9
4.2. IIIHPHHA nEPEMbJ1lEK UPH BhIPYBKE
4.2.01. lliHpHHa nepeMW:1IeK npH OHOPIIAHOH Blllpy6JCe ICpyrJIHX H DpRMOyroJIDHHX H3Jl.eJlHH (pHC. 10) OJI)J(Ha 6b1Th
He MeHee BeJlH'IHH. VKa33HH1iX B Ta6J1. 8.

ta
-IL-!,-

-
r-
tal
\
PHC. 10
4.2.02.-nPH Bwpy6Ke C nOBOpoTOM DOJIOCY DlRpHHY nepeMH'IeK a H al CJIeT YBe.nHIJHTb H8 50 % no cpaBHeHHIO C
THquHMHSHaqeHHgM.
4.2.03. IIIHpHHY KPOMKH, 06pe3aeMOH maroBHM ROZON, CJIeT npHHSlTb paBHoH BeJIHtfHHe nepeMhllllCH at" K3K
v
wm npgMoyroJIhHHX eTaJleH.
4.2.04. npH Bypyf)Ke AeTaJleH H3 HeMeT3JIJIHtlecKHX MaTepMaJlOB WHPHHY nepeMIi1!eK CJIeT YBeJ1HIIHTb Ha 50 %
no cpaBHeHHlO C T 3Ha1leHHJlMH.
4.2.05. npH Bw:py6lCe lIJIaCTHHQaTIJIM WT8MnOM DlRPHHY nepeMw:qeIC CJIeT npHHTh B 1,5-2 paaa 60J1h1Ile Ta6-
'-
JlH1jHIJIX 3H311eHHH.
4.2.069 npH MHOropOH Bypy6Ke nepeMH'lKY a l MeJlOlY neT3.n.5IMH CJIeT OnpeAeJIHTb no Ta6J1. 5, HCXOSI H3 r3-
6apHTa IDTaMnyeMoH eTaJlH, 8 nepeMhlllKY a no KpaRM nOJlOCbl, HCXOSI H3 pa3Mepa A + D (CM.. pHe. 5).
4.2.07. Ang M8rHHeBHX CnJl3BOB Ta6J1HQHye 3H811eHH.K WHpHHW: nepeMhI'IeK YBe;JH1IHTb B 2 pa3a..
4.2..08. Jln51 TBT8HOl'IiX cnnaBOB TaMH'IHHe 3Ha1leHHJllIIHpHHY nepeMLl1!elC yBeJIH'lHTh:
npH mTaMnOBKe CnJlaBOB BTI 6e3 norpeBa H BT5 C ooJ:torpesoM - Ha 25-30 %;
npH WTaMfiOBlCe CDJlaB3 BT5 6e3 DOltOrpeB8 - B 2 pa3a.
4.2.09. npH He06xoHMOCTH B OTll.eJIhlUJlX KOHCTpyKqHj[X mT8MnOB onYCKaeTCSI npHHHM8Th mupHHY nepeMhllleK
Mellbme TmH'IHhlX 3Ma1leHHH.
4.2.10. .lI.n MaTepHana TOJIHHOH CByme 10 MM mHpHHa nepeMbllleK paBH8 Ot 7s.

TafinH. 8
-------
TvnWHl1a ()t)U3Ha'4C- I1JHp HH3 npCMb(1IeK npH BblpyfiJ(
M ICpHaJI3. anul ne.p('- __________ ..,J
MM"'CI< KpynTbJ1( H3,UeJU1A nl'M D npJlMoyrOJILIUJIX H3J1eIflfA "PH I. H , 1
HUSO co.50 cB.IOO CB .200 J1,oSO CB.SO CB.J 00 CB.200
Ai) 100 .aU 100 .no 300 11.0 100 1J.O 200 AO 300
---
a 1,5 . 1,7 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0
llu fL5 dl 1.2 1.4 1.6 1,,8 1,5 1.7 2.2 2,7
CB 0.5 a 1..2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1,5 1.7 2,2 2..7
JlO 1.0 31 O.R 1.0 1.1 1.4 1,0 1,2 1..7 2.2
('8 1.0 CJ 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.1 2,6 3.1
.no 1.5 31 1.1 1,3 1.5 1,7 1.4 1.6 2..1 2.6
("B. 1.5 a L\) 2.1 2.3 2,5 2.2 2.4 30 3,,4
!to 1.0 81 1.5 17 1.9 21 1.7 1.9 2.5 2,9
CB 2.0 a 2,3 2.5 2.7 2.9 1.6 2.8 3.3 3.8
1\0 "2.5 a} 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2..9 3.4
.--.
Ca.2.5 a 2.6 2.H 3..0 3.2 3.0 32 3..7 4.2
no 3.0 &11 2.1 2,,] 2,,5 2.7 2.5 2,7 3,2 3,7
( . 1.0 a 3.U 3,2 3.4 3,6 3,4 3.6 4.1 4.6
11.\" 3.5 81 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 3!'1 3.6 4.1
("lJ. 3.5 a 3,3 3,,5 3,7 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.4 4,9
SJ.O 4.0 31 1.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 3,9 4..4
CR.4.0 a 3.6 3.8 4.0 4..2 40 4.2 4.7 5..2
IJn 4.5 a1 3.1 3..1 3.5 3.7 3.6 3,8 4.3 4..8
("8.4.5 a 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4,,5 4.7 5.2 5.7
no 5 .0 al 3A 36 3,8 40 4.0 4.2 4.7 5,2
t 8.5.0 8 4.2 4.5 4,8 5.0 4.5 5.5 5,,5 6.0
no (),O 3J 3.5 3,9 4.2 4,5 4.0 4.5 4,5 5,0
("s {,.o a 4.S 5,0 5.5 6,0 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.5
J.l,O 7.0 aJ 3.6 4.0 4..2 4.5 4.3 5.0 50 5.5
('IJ. 7 .0 3 S.tl 5.5 5H 6.0 5.3 6.5 7,0 7.8
.1,0 8.0 al 4.2 4..5 4.H 5,0 4.8 5.5 60 6.8
("0.8.0 a 5,5 6.0 6.3 6,5 5.8 7.0 7..5 8,0
llt) 9.0 al 4,,5 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.3 6.0 6.5 7,0
CB. Y.O a 6.0 7..0 7.5 8.0 6,3 7.0 7,5 8.0
.[1.0 10,0 31 5!,0 6.0 6.5 1.0 S.8 6..0 6,,5 70
4.3. OnPEEJ]EIJIfE IIIIfPIfHbl nOROCbl (REHTbI)
4.3.01. lllupHHa nOJlOCW: (JTeHThI) onpeZl"eJIsreTC5I no 4>oPMyn3M:
a) ]tn.R ICpyrnbJX 3aroTOBoIC B = D + 2a + 
6) LlJISi npHMOyronbHhlx 33roTOBOIC B = L + 2a + L\ (5)
rJIC B - mupUH3 nOJlOCbJ, MM (oICpyrnsreTcsr1JO 6J1HJKaiimero QeJIoro qHCJIa B 6oJlbwyJO CTOpoHY);
D H L - pa3MCpbJ BbJpe3aeMoii eT3JlU (nonepeK DOJ1OCbJ), MM;
a - WHpUHa nepeMbJlllCU no Kpa.RM nOJlOCli (neHTbJ) (Ta6J1. 8);
6 II - AonyclC H3 UlUpHHy nOJlOCbJ (JTeHTfJI)" MM.
D.onycK H3 Wupmty nOJlOCbJ (ncHTbJ) npUHHMaeTcsr:
a) .AJlH craHAapTHhiX nOJIOC (neHT) - no COOTBeTCTBYlOmHM CTaHJJ;apT3M,
6) npH pa3pC3ICC ,,UCTa Ha nOJlOChi Ha rHJIhOTHHHblX HO)J(HHnax - no -ra6J1. 9;
NN
TafinMQa ,
TonlQ.HHa MaTCJ)lt8Jl8, B
111l-1pHlf8 nOJlOChi J{o 1 CB 1 AO 2 Cs.2ao3 Cs. 3 1J.O 5 CB. 5 JIUIIO
!tOnyCKM 08 WltpHHY nOJlOCbl. !:.\",
llo50 0.4 0,5 0.7 0.9 1.8
Cn. 50)10 100 0.5 0.6 0.8 1..0 2.0
Cu. 100 JJ.O 150 0.6 0,1 0.9 1,1 2,5
CD. 150.no 220 0.1 0,8 1.0 1.2 3,0
CD. 2201l.0 300 0.8 0,9 1.1 1.3 4.0
n P .., M e q a H M iii:
1. ]lonycKIi 11ft un"'pl1ny no,;tOC npl1UJ.iM8Tb CO 3H8KOM NHH}'C.
2. ]lonycK.., Jt3llbJ)J,J1R J])IHUbi pt."'38. He 60nce 1000 MM;
8) npH pa3pe3ICe WHpoKHX neHT Ha Y3KHe H3 MHOroUCKOBhlX HOJltHHaX - nO Ta6J1. 93.

MM
T a 6 JJ M I( a 9a
JIOnyCKH H8 WMpMHY JleHTbl, 
ToJIlAHH8 HOPMIlJIWIBR Y<NIiOCTb nOBbEUlellu.aR TQtlHOCTb
MATepMua,
5 IIhfpMH8 JleHThI
I lID 100 Ca. 100 no 300 CB.300 .no 100 CB. 1001:(0300 J{o 300
!.no 0,1 0.,10 0,15 . 0.25 0.05 0,08 O.IS
Ca. opt AO 0,63 0.20 0,30 0,40 0,10 O.I 0.25
Ca. 0,63 J¥) 1,0 0.,30 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.25 0.35
CI.I,Oo 3.6 0..40 0,50 0.60 0.30 0.35 0.45
.
s. mTAMnbI JIY PA3FJIUTEJIbHbIX OnEPAQMii
,u. BbIBOP KOHCfPYKQIIH IIITAMnA 11 TllnA 6ROKA
5.1.01. JJ:JlII Bblpy6KH DJIOCKHX eTaJleu MOIj'T 6UTh npHMeHCHbi CJlellYJOlI1He ICOHCTPYKQ,HH pa3CJ1IITeJ1bHhlX
UlTaMDOB:
3) C HenOJI;BHXHHM HanpaBJI.sllOlItHM CbeMHHICOM;
6) C BepXHHM npH)I(HMOM;
B) COBMeIneHHoro elCT8HSI.
5.1.02. IllTaMnw: C HenOBH)KHYM H3npaBJISnOIQlfM CbCMHHKOM 06eCneIlHB3IOT BbiCOKYIO npoH3BOLtHTeJ1bHOCTb
UlTaMDOBKH 33 Clier:
a) 3BTOM3TH'IecKOro YA3JIeH}f]1 eT3JIH 'tJepe3 npoB3JlhHOe OICHO;
6) B03MOXHOCTH 3BTOMTH33D-HH npoII-ecca H3 6b1CTPOXOJI:HhlK npcccaX-3BTOM3T3X;
B) B03MO}KHOCTH mHpoKoro npHMeHeHHR MHOroP5I.IIHOA H NHoronepexoJtHoii mT3MTIOBICH. OH3KO npH IIIT3MnOBKe
HMeeT Mecro 1I3CTH'IHoe YXYAUlCHHe ILTIOCKOCTHOCTH eT3JlH H OTXOJJ:3. IIITaMfihl C HenoBH)ltHhIM H3npalIJISlJOII(HM ChCM-
HHKOM HMCJOT H3u6o.rJbwee pacnpoCTpaHeHHe.
5.1.03. IllTaMfihl C BepXHHM npuIHMoM HMelOTTe xe npeHMyeCTBa. HO HaJIHqHe BepxHero npHJltHM3 CHRJK3eT xe-
CTKOCTIt 1DT3M110B, BIII31J1BaeT He06xoHMOCTb ycr3HOBKH AOI1OJ1HHTeJJbHOro H3npaBJIeHHSI. yCJJOJlCHSlJOJ:Itero IC.OHCTPYIC-
1UUO WT3Mn3; HecKOJ1hKO YXYAW310TCiI YCJIOBH 6e30nacHOCTH pa6arhl; CTOHMOCTb ocHacrlCH BYUle nO cpaBHeHHJO co
UlT3MnaMH C HenOl{8H:lCHYMH CbeMHHICOM. OltH3KO HaJlH1lHe npHXHM3 nOBblm3er IC311eCTBO nOBepXHOCTH cpe33 H ILTIo-
CKOCTHOCTb .AeTaJlH. IIIT3Mny c BepXHHM npllJICHMOM peKoMeercJl npHMeHJlTh npH MHOrom3roBoH 1DT3MnOBKe era-
neH H3 M3 T epH3JIOB TOJJHHOH MeHee 0,5 MM.
5..1.04. IIIT8Mnhl COBMeeHHoro eiicTBH peKOMeHeTCj( npilMeHnb:
a) npH mTaMIIOBKe er3JIeH nOBWDeHHOH TOIIHOCTH (8ro-ll ro J(BaJlHTeTOB) ;
6) npH HaJ1HllHH XecTKHX onYCKOB H3 p33,Mepw:, onpee,]UlIOIItHe paCIIOJJoxeHHe oTBepc'I'Hu OTHOCIITCJIbHO KOH'I}'pa
(MCRee ::to, 1 MMAMll1asMepoB 11..020 MM H ::!:15 MMA1ISI pasMepoB OT 200 SO MM);
B) AMI 11..eTaJleH, HMeIOIQHX 4>oPMY T BpalHHjI.
5.1.05. npH npilMeHeHHH mTaMnOB COBMemeHHoro eiicTBHSI ICOHCTPYKTHBHhlC 3JICMeHTbI WTaMnyeMblx eraJ]eit
AOJDKHhI. COOTBeTCTBOBaT& peKOMellJUlqHjlM, npHBel(eHHblM B Ta6J1. 10.
5.1.06. TIpu BIJd50pe THn3 6J10K3 He06xoH'O PYXOBO,lJ,CTBOB3TbC9 CJIIOJ:ItHMlt peKCMeHSlMH:
a) MOKH C ltHaroHaJlhHHM pacnMOeHHeM ICMOHOIC H BTYJIOK (reCT 13124) npllMCH5ITb ltJISI pa3CJ1HTeJ1bHhl.X H
KOM6HHHpoBaHHYX mTaMnOB npu nOBlJlmeHHhlX Tpe60B3HHJlX IC TOIIHOCTH H croifKOCTH lliT3MnOB, 3 T3101te IC Ka'leCTBY
DOBepXHOCTH cpe3a;
6) 6J1OKH C 3MHHM pacnOJIOeHHeM IC0J10HOIC H BTYnolC (rOCT 13125) npHMeHRTb Anll HeCJTOXHhlX m6o'llHblx, BbI-
TgHHX., 3 T3ICxe pa3JI.eJ1HTe.1lbHblX mT3MDC8 B TOM CJlYQ3e, eCJIH KOHCOJIbHOe paCnOJlOXeHHe KOJIOHOIC He IIJ1HHeT Ha
croihCOCTb paOO'lHX eTaJJeH H KaqecTBO nOBepxHOCTH Cpe33. 3TH xe 6J10ICH npHMeHsnOTCH npH nIT3MnOBKC H3 OTXOJ\OB;
B) MOKH c oceBhlM pacnOJJOJKetrneM ,KOJ1OHOIC B nynCIC (rOCT 13126) npHMeHSlTh AMI pa3;:{eJlHTeJIhHblX H 4>oPMO"
06pa3ylOlItHx II1T3MnC8. npe,nH33H3qeHHhlX AnH lDTyqllliK 33roTOBOK;
r) MOKIt npeQ,H3HOHHw:e npHMeHJl7b npH moor3MnoBKC MaJIora6aplITHhlx eTaJ]eu nOBhlUleHHOH TOIlHOCTH;
A) MOICH C m3pHKOBIJIMH HanpaBJUlIOHMH (reCT 14672+rOCT 14674) npHMeHSlTh AnSI pa3;:t:CJlHTCJ1bHblX IIIT3M-
nOB B YCJIOBH5IX M3CCOBorO npoH3BOt{CTB3 npH IJW:COKHX TPe&m3HHIIX K CTOHKOCTH mTaMnOB H TOqHOCTH 1DT3MJIyeMblx
eTaJleA, B ocOOeHHOCT.H npH TOJlIQHHe MaTepHctJI3 MeHee 0.,5 MM; 3 TaKxe A1ISI mTaMnOB, OCH3J:IteKHhlX TBepblM CIUI3-
10M;
e) MOKH co CMeHHIJIMH n3ICeT3MH pa3JI.eJlH1reJIhHblX lliT3MnOB (rOCT 17662+rOCT 17668) npHMeHJITb npH MeJ1ICO-
cepHHHoM H CCpHHHOM npoH3BOCTBe 11..eTaJleii H3 M3repHan3 TOJIIIlHHOA 11.0 8 MM, Kor.na mT3MJIIJI HtnOJlb3YlOTCSI He O
IJ()J1HOro H3Hoca;
 6J10ICH H3JJaOqHIJJK 1DT3MDOB C KJIHHOBblM KpeIlJ]eHHeM n3KeTOB npHMeHSlTb npH MeJ1ICOCepHimOM H cepHUHOM
npoH3BO.ACTBe, a T3KJKe npH 6oJlbIDOU HOMeHKJl3-rype 1UT3MJIyeMwx eTaJleit: H3 M3repHaJI3 TOJIJ:ItHHOU CBblmc 3 MM H JIO
10 MM B CJlYQ3e 3ICOHOMHilecKOii Henenecoo6pa3HOCTH H3roTOBJIeHHH OTenbHhlX lliTaMnOB Ha KaylO onepau.HIO H H3-
.Q:eJlHe.
5.1.07. ,lI.eT3JIH, mT3MJIyeMble H3 MeT3JIJ]OB H CIlJI3BOB c TOJJlI1HHOH 3anYrOBOK o 1,5 MM, 3 T3K)Ke 113 HeMeT3JIJ]HlIe-
CKHX M3TCpH3JIOB, OJIXHhI H3roTOBJISlTbCg H3 MOIC3X C ):1H3roH3J1hHhlM WIH oceBhlM pacnOJIO)l(eHHeM K0J10HOK.

Ta 611 Ha IV

3CKM3Ll neT3J1eA
KOHcrpYJ<'fHBHLIe
3neMeHTLJ AeT3J1eA
flpe.u en UpO'lHOCTH M8TepHa.n.a us. Mna (Kl'c/Mp..f2
1000 600 300 100
(100) (60) (30) (10)
1,5 s s 0.85 0.6s
HO He MeHee 0.5 MM
.
MKJUlM8n hlihIA JJ;HaMeTp D HfiH wHpHHa
OTBeJ1CTHJI B
MJ.t.JUlM8nbHajl WlfpHH8 nepeMbI'lKH Q:
liP" B  S 11 D  5s
. B  b'J n = IOs
B = 5s., D :=: 25s
1.5s s 0.8s 0.6s
2s 1.5s s $
2.5s 2s 1.5s s
HC He NeHee 1,0 MM
.
«
-
4 MUHIIMaJtbHaJl WUp'UHR BLlcryna b:
"PM 1  s; s 0,8s 0.6B 0,5s
.- 1 = 2s;
1,5s s O,8s 0.6s
l 1= 5s 2s 1.5$ B O,8s
HO He MeHee 0.5 MM
<G MHHHManJ,HLlft y run a
a) 6C3 3crK pyrneHHA =
 xpynl<HA MaTCplf8J1 90° 90 0 60° 60°
nJTaCTHllHLrR MaTepMaIT 60° 60° 45° 45°
6) C 3aKpymeHHeM R > 0,5s 45-60° 45° 30° 20°
HnH llJIoaJJ.KoA h > s
n p Ii N e q a H H e. PeICOMeeNaK mHpHHa nepeMLlQKH a pacnPOC1'p8.HeTCiI H8 eTIJIH C pa3Nep8MH B S 10 MM H D S IS MM.. B OCTaJIhHII
c;ry1l811X pa3Mep a npHIIHMan ICOIfCTJJYD1lllHO.
5.2. PACqET YCUJ]lfjl BbIPYJ>KH. YCIIJIIfIi CH5ITHII H npOTAJIKHBAHH5( )I.ETAJIH
IIJlM OTX01l.A
5.2.01. PaclieT YCHJ1HIIBhlpy6ICH B WTaMnax (: npJlMLIMH H acoweHHIJIMH pe.YHMH KpoMKaMH.
PKrc onpe.n.e.TIlleTcsr no 4>oPMY.ne:
P = LsU cp .
(6
r,ne L ---1 nepHMCTp Bblpy6aeMoro (np06HsaeMoro) KOHTYpa, MM;
S - TOJIIqHHa MaTepH3JJa, NM;
2
U CP - Hanp5l)KeHHe I1pH cpe3e Mna (Krc/uM )
5.2.02. Tpe6yeMoe ycHJIHe npecca P T B KH(Tc) I1pHHHMaercJl paBHhlM:
P = h 2SP <p
T 1000 - HOMHH'
(7'
r,ne P - paCIlCTHoe YCHJlHe Bhlpe3KH, onpee.nsreMoe no 4>opMYJIe (6);
P HOMMH - HOMHHaJIhHOe YCHJIMe npecca;
1,25 - KO*l>HU,HeHT, Y'lHmBaJOHH B03MO)J(ooe saTylJJ1eHHe pe;«y.lIt HX KpoMOK, OTKJIOHeHHe no TOJJInHHe
mTaMnylOJ:Itero MarepH3J1a.
5.2.03. "pH OTCYTCTBHH npecca C Heo6xoPJIMblM yCHJIHeM B6pe3ICY MO)J(HO npoH3BO;J:HTh Ha npecce C MeHbWHM yo
nHeM, npHlleM YMeHbweHHe YCHJJHJI Bblpe3KH JIQCTHraercsr l1:BYMII cnoc06aMH:
a) npHMeHeHHeM nyaHcoHa WIH Ma'I'pHQbI CO CKomeHHhlMH peJl:ylItHMH ICpoMKaMH;
6) crynetillaThiM pacnOJlOJKeHHeM nyaHcOHOB.
npH B:bIpC3ICC HapYXHoro KOHTYpa CKOC eJ1aCTCSl H3 Ma'IpHQe, ITPH 3TOM nyaHcoH 1I0JI)KeH 6HTb DJlOCKHM. TIpH up:
6HBKC OTBepcTHII CKOC enaeTCSI Ha nyaHcoHe, npH 3TOM MaTJ)HQa OJl;«Ha 6HTb ILTIOCKoii (pHC. 11). Co6nIOeHHe .Ail}
HbiX YCJlOBHU ooccncIIHB3CT nOJJYlleHHe IL110CKHX H311eJIHH npH H30mYTHx OTXOll3X.
CKOChl eJ1aIOTCH CHNMeTpHqHhlMH. .
BhlCOT3 CKoca H B NM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TO]lHHbI MaTepH3JJa S H nJlHH6 L HJIH AHaMeTpa D B6py6aeMoii eTa'
nDHHHMaeTCSI no T36J1. lOa.

L
L
Ta6nltua 10 a
LHnMD H
150 -200 3 
100 4
150 5
200 6
100 5
150-200 6
150 7
200-250 8
..-
200-250 8
300 10
s
lIo 1
CD. 1 AO 2
Bwpy6Ka HapY)KIl0I1> KOH1)'pa
(CKOC H3 MaTpHue)
np06HBlCa OToepcTttR
(CKOC na nyaHcone)
2 3
PItC. 11
3
4
.,
PHCYHOK 11 a
4
6
5.2.04. YCWIHe npH BlJlp6lCe CKOmeHHblMH peJitylItHMH
KpoMKaMH P 1 B MTIa (xrcl MM ) opHeHTHpoBOIlHO OnpCL{CJISlCT-
C9 no 4>oPMynaM;
np.nH =s PI =O,6uu cp (8)
Dpt.lH > 2s PI =O4uacp (9)
(o6osHalleHHRcM.4>oPMyny6)
5.2.05. CTyneH'I3TOe paCD0J10JlteHHe nyaHcoHOB B
MHoronyaHcoHHblX IDT3Mnax nOKa33HO "3 pHC. lla.
CTyneHlIaToe paCnOJIOJKeHHe nyaHcoHoB C03AAeTCSI sa Cqer yxopolleHHSI nyaHcoHoB, HMCIOJ:ItHX MeHblllee Ce1leHHe,
H3 BeJIH'IHHY, paBHYIO (0,5+1) s. YCHJIHe BlJlpe3KH npH cryneH1I3TDM pacnOJlOJKeHHH nY3HcoHOB OnpClJ;eJ1S1eTC5I no H3H-
60JIbmeMY nePHMerpy OHOBpeMeHHO Bw:py6aeMoro (np06HBaeMOro) KOHTYpa eTa.nH.
Tpe6yeMoe YCHJIHe npecca npt CTyneH'l3TOM paCnOJlOJKeHHH nyaHcoHoB PH( me) Onpen;eJ151eTC9: no 4>oPMyne:
_ 1,3Sp <
PkH(m.e.) - 1000 -P HOMHH
(7a)
(o6oSH3lleHHj[ CM. 4>oPMYJ1Y 7).
5.2.06. Y CHJIHe CHSITHH OTXQA8 HJIH eT8JlH C nyaHcoH3 P CH,6( Kze) on pen;e.ngeTC5I no 4>oPMY ne
P CH =PK CH '
(10)
e P - pacqeTHoe YCHJlHe Bw:py6ICB, onpen;eJlReMoe no pMYJIe (6);
K CH - KOHQHeHT, 3aBHclIUIii OT IDT3MnyeMoro MaTepH3JIa (TaM. 12).
5.2.07. Y CHJIHe AnSI npcrra.nlCllBaHHH eT3JIH HJJH OTXQA8 Qepe3 MaTPHy P np6H( Kze) onpC):{CJlHeTCSI no 4>oPMYJIC
P np =PK np "
(11)
r,ne P - paC1leTHOe YCHJlHe Bw:py6JCH, onpen;eJ151eMOe no 4>oPMyne (6);
Knp - KOHItHeHT, 3aBHclIUIii OT mTaMIIYeMoro MaTepHaJla.
npH AHaMeTpe HJlH WlHHe eT3JIH (orxo,Aa) 11..0 100 MM K np Bli6HpaTb no Ta6J1.. 12, CBLlwe 100 MM - no KPHBhlM, no-
K33aHHhlM Ha put. 12.
5.2.08. TIPH Ol{HOPBlIHOH Bw:py6ICe H xpyrJlOH pMe CTaJJH (OTXOl¥1) 3HaqeHHII K np Ii K CH npHHHMaTh MHHIIMaJIh-
HYMH.
5.2.09. "pH CJIoHoii J(OHHrypaQHH AeTaJleH WIH MHOropHOH BlJlpy6ICe (np06HBlCe) 3Ha1leHlfR K np " Ken nplIHH-
MaTb MH)J(e K BepXHeMY npen;eny.
5.2.10. "pH pa60TC 6e3 CMa3KH DPJlBeJteHHHe 3HalleHHSI ICou.HeHTOB YBeJIHlIHBaTh Ha 20-25 %.

Ta6JIHl1.8 12
3HalfCHltH Kc«1!HLlHeHTOB
K CH K np
OT 0,03 no 0,05 OT 0,02 no O.<JE
0.02 0.04 .. 0.02 ,. o,oS
0,015 n 0,03 0,03 n (),07
0.025 0.05 ..0,0 3 0,06
., 0.02 0,05 0.02 .. 006
[TI
L.-I-J
HaMMeHOB8HHe MaTel,H&n3
Tuna 2S. 3S
IIaTYH
Mem
AnlOMHHHeBI>1e CI1JT8B Ll THna A MU
£<
.pQ
(,.; "L1.JI¥
CrBJUf HH3I<oyrnepoJJ;HcrLle, JI,lOpaJIIOMH-
"JleBhIe H MIU"HHeBhIe CnJIaBLl
PHC. 12
5.3. OnpMFJIEHHE QEHTPA AABREHH5I IlITAMnA
5.3.01. Oeb xBOCTOBHKa He06xo):{llMo pacnOJJaraTh B Q.eHTpe AaBJIeHHK nITaMna AJI.sI. npeLJ;OTBpaeHHSI nepeKocoB,
HeCHMMeTpHIlHOCTH 33S0pa. H3H0C3 HanpaBJISlIOIIlHx 3J1eMeHTOB mTaMna H 6hlCTporo BblXO.Aa HS CTpoSl pa60IlHx eT3Jleii.
5.3.02. OnpeLJ;eJIeHHe QeHTpa aBJ1eHHjI CJIe;tyeT npoH3BO;lHTh lUISI NHoronyaHCoHHblx mTaMITOB, mTaMnOB nocncJ\o-
BaTeJIhHOro eHcTBIfJl H npH HeCHMMeTpHIlHOM Bblpy6a cMoM KOHT)'pe. KooPAHHaTIi Q.eHTpa aBJleHHSI mTaMna .o' Yo
(pHC. 13) onpeneJISiIOTC aHaJlHTH1IeClCH.
'I xI + IZx2 + ' 3 x 3 + 1 4 x 4 + 'sxs + ' 6 %6 + 17 x 7 + laxs + 19 + 'loXIO
X = ·
o II + ' 2 + '3 + 14 + IS + 16 + 17 + IS + 19 + ' 10 t
' 1 11 + '2Yz + 'Y'3 + '4>'4 + 'sys + '6Y6 +1 7 )'7 + 'sYs +19Y9 + ' 1 0>'10
Y. =
o 'I + ' 2 + '3 + '4 + IS + '6 + l7 + 'S :+-19 + '10 ·
XI t X3' XS' X 7
Y2' '4' 'fi' 1St Ygt Y.O
AJIHHbJ COOTBeTCTBylOwHx Y'l3CTKOB KOHTYpa BblpyooeMlix (np06KBaeMhlx)
eTaJleH;
IU
paCCTOHHHSI OT reoMeTpHllecKOro lteHTpa COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHX npSIMOJIHHeHHIiX
yqacTKOB o OCM 0 Y;
KoopHHaTbI eHTpa Tga:eCTH KpHBOJlHHeHHIiX Y1lacncOB O OCM 0 Y;
..
pacCTOJlHH5I OT reOMeq>HlIeclCOro ueHTpa COOTBeTCTByJOll1HX npSIMOJJHHeIIHblX
Y'IaCTKOB 11.0 OCH OX;
KoopHHaTIi Q.eHT TJlJltecTH ICpHBOJIHHeHHblX Y1l3CTKOB O OCM OX;
r t''''t'''O
X2'.X4,X6.XSX9tXIO
)11' Y3 t 1s' )'7
nepeCeqeHHe KoopHHaT Xo H Yo .D;aeT HCKOMHA: Q.eRTp JUIBJleHHH mTaMna O.
n p H Me.. a H II e.. KOOp,t1HH8TW qeHTp& TJUKecTH KpHBOJIHHeHHbIX yqacncoB onpe)1eJUllQTCii no yaWL 69. 12 H 73..
t
PMC. 13
-.
I
--
I I T
I, I  _.
I  
1ilmrl
---1
,
L
K
PHC 14

21
T 8 6 n }.11 a 13
HH3K'Oyrnepo- Cpe.D.Heymepo- BLIcol<oymepo- rCBHHBJ<:C, TeKC- KapToH, t)YMa-: MarHHeBlale THTaHoBJ.le cnJ18.BLI
JUlcraJl CTant. JUlCTaJI craJI. l(KCTB..R CT8J1b ronHT, creKJIo- 1'8.. J<OBCi. ac- CnJI8.BLI (wTaM-
:E MapOK 10. 20; MapOI< 25... 35.45 ; 1'paHOpMa.. 'I'eKcronHT OOcr, pC3HNa nOBl<a C DOAD- BTI 6e3 nOAO- BTS
2: Me.I(.b, JlaryHL, AlOpanlOMHIIldt. TopHaJl HepBCi- IpCBOM H 003 rpesa, BT: c 003 nOD.orpesa
.. 8J1lOMHHHh bpoH3a BeJOwaJl CTaJlM IIOD.oq>eBa) nO.Aoq>eBOM

. 0cp .:; 36 Gcp OT 36 AO 52 0cp fionee 52
a
:s:
 J<I'CI MM:J
G)
:;
:E &ycropoHHHR 383Gp Z MM
c,s
Z
 HaJ1" HaM- HaH- HaH- HaH- HaH- HaM" Hall-
t:: MeHIr AOR. MeRI.- non. MeHI.- non. MeHI.- J:ton. MeHI.- J:ton - MeHL- lion. MeHL- D.on.. MC'Ur Aon.

wHIt OTJ(n. wHIt OTKD- WHA OTKJI. wHit OTKD. WHit OTKJI. IIndt OTJ<:n- WHit OTKn. WHit OTKn
z 7.. Z z z z z z z Az z z z z z z
0,1 0,005 0,006 0.007 0.004 0,002
0,2 0.0 10 0.012 0.014 0,005 0.003
0.3 0,0 I 5 -t{}.010 0.018 .0,010 0.021 +0.010 0.006 -t{} .005 0.004 +{).O03
0.4 0.020 0,024 0.028 0.008 0.005
0,5 0,025 0,030 0.035 0.0 10 0.006 0.0] 7 0.030 0.075
0.6 0,030 0,036 0,042 0,012 0.008 0.020 0.036 0.090
0.7 0.035 0.042 0.049 0,014 0,009 0.025 0...042 0,105
0.8 0.040 +{).o20 0,048 +{).020 0.056 -t{}.020 0.016 '.O I 0 0.010 +{).ODS 0.030 +{),010 0.048 +{).020 0.1 20 +() ,008
0,9 0.045 0,054 0.063 0,018 0.012 0.034 0.054 0...135
1.0 0,050 0.060 0.070 0.020 0,015 0.035 0.060 0.150
1,2 0.010 0,080 0,100 0.024 0,018 0.042 0.084 0.1 92
+{).030 +{).030 +0,(]30 -t{},015 +0.012 -t{}.o15 +0.0 30 +(),012
L5 0.090 O,II{) 0,120 0.030 0,022 0,052 0.105 0,240
1.8 0,110 0,130 0,140 0.036 0,027 0.062 0 1 125 0,288
2,0 0,120 0..] 40 0.160 0,040 O.G 30 0.070 0,140 0,320
,
2 2 2 0 1 160 -t{}.050 0.1 80 +{).050 0.200 +{).Q50 0.044 +{),o25 0.040 0.017 +0.025 0,176 +{).050 0,374 +(),020
2,5 0,180 O,2{)() 0..230 0,050 0.045 0.090 0,200 0.425
2,8 0,200 0,220 0.250 0.056 0.048 0.098 0224 0.475
3.0 0.210 0 7 240 0,270 OOEO 0,053 +0.020 0,105 0.240 0,510
3.5 0.280 0,320 0,350 0.070 0.122 0,315 0.595
4.0 0,320 0.360 0.400 0,080 0,060 0.140 0.400 0.680
4,5 0,360 -t{}.100 0.450 +{).IOO 0,540 +{),100 0.090 +() .050 0., 1 51 +0 1 050 -to, 100 t{).O 30
5,0 0.400 0,500 0.600 0, 100 0,175
6.0 0,500 0.600 0,700
7.0 0,700 0,900 I J)OO
8.0 P.8oo -t{}.,.200 1..000 +{)200 1.000 +() .200
9.0 1.000 1...300 1.400
---
10.0 1.200 1,400 1.600
11.0 1.600 1,800 2.000
12.0 1.700 1,900 2,200
13.0 2,] 00 +{),300 2.300 -+0.300 2.600 +{)7300
---
14.0 2.300 2,500 2.800
15,0 2.700 3,000 3.300
16.0 2 1 900 3,200 3.500

Dpo..olJleHK'
CpeHey rnpo.
lIHcraJi cranL
M8pOI< 25 t 35.45 ;
nJOpanMMHldt.
6poH3a
(]'C pOT 36 no 52
J<.J'CfMM 2
BLIU)J(OY IJlCpO-
In. TaB CTaJ1b
1}J ali at-opMa-
TopHa.JI He P)l(8-
BelOI.UaJl CTanH
ocp 60nee 52
reBHHaKC. TeJ<.c- KapTO:H, 6yM3-
TOJ1MT, l-'TeKJ10- rat KO:>Ka, ac-
TeKCfonMT 6ec'f. pe3M:H3
MarHHeBble
. Cnn8BLI (illTaM-
nOBJ<.a C IIO,no-
rpeBOM H BC3
llOn O rpeB3 )
'fIiTaHOB IJle Clln3B IJ.I
V')

t::
C':J
:s:
Q..




:z:
:Ii:


HH3Koyrnepo-
lIHcra.H CT&nL
:! M8pol< 10, 20;
l' Me J18T:YHLt
aJII()MHHHIt
°cp,36
DTI 6e3 n0D,O-
rpeBa, BT: c
nonorpeBoM
DT5
6e:J noorpeBa
&YCl"OpOHHIdt 3aJOp Z MM
--
"BE.- HaH- HaJi- Hali- H8II- Hali - Hali. HaM-
MeHb- non MeHlr ,(ton. MeHb- .non. MHL- non. MCHIr nOli. MeHL- nOD. MeHL- J].lln- MeHIr non.
nnflt OTKn. WHO OTKn. WHA OTKJ 1. IUH OTKIT. WHt;1 OTK1l. umlt OTl<n. WHrt OTl<n. wHIt un<n.
z z z z z z 7- z Z z z z Z 7. z
Z
17,0 3.400 +{),500 3,800 +{),SOO 4.1 00 +0,500
18.0 3,600 4,000 4,300
19.0 4 7 200 4,600 5.000
--
20.0 4.400 4,800 5.200
5.4. 3A30PbI MEJK.IJ:Y MATPHR H nYAHCOHOM B IlITAMllAX AJISI BhIPYBKH If npOfiHBKH
5.4.01. BeJlH'IHRa S330pa H ero paBHOMepHOe pacnpeJJ:eJleHHe Me nyaHcoHoM H M3TpHlteii  (pRC. 14) OK33h1Ba-
JOT cym;ecTBeHHoe BJlIfiIHHe Ha KaqecTBO n08epXHOCTII cpe3a, BMH'lHHY YCBJlHH 86py6KH H H3HOC peJKylItHX lIacreA.
5.4.02. Be.nH1IHH8 3330pa Z 3aBHCHT OT TOJIIQHHH MaTepH3JIa H ern cBoACTB. BM.HqHHIJI 33S0po8 npu 8bJpy6Ke H npo-
6HBICe pa3JIH'IHhIX MaTepll3JIOB npHBeeHLI B TaM. 13, a CJIy - B TaM. 14.
3asopbJ YKa3aHH JIIDI HOBYX 1DT3MnOB (HaHMeHhmHe).
5.4.03. l.(eJIblO nOJ1YlleHHJI 1IHCTOA nOBepxHOCTH cpe3a 3,2, 1,6 H fHKBRQaQHH 3a1lHCTHblX onepaU;HH WI5I BbJpy6KH 11
np06HBKH e'l3JJeH H3 3JIIOMHHHSI, Jl3TYHH H CTaJIH C U.. < 40 Krc/MM onYCKaeTCj( H3roTOBJICHHe mT3MnOB C 3a30paMH
O,OI+{),02 MM.
npH 3TOM, OHaKO, CHHJlCaeTCg CTOHKOCTh, a yCH.1IMe WT3MII08KH B03paCT3eT_
Ta6nHa 14
Hapy)Kltwlf JC.oHTYP aco""ble H np.MoyroJ1bHble
TonJqMHa CJJIObI. H Kpyrnwe D'I1Ie-'.uI ()TBepcTl1S1
J Z 1J. 0 rz;z- Z 1J.o1Ut
0.05 0,006 0.018
0,10 0,008 +{).OO5 0.020 .010
0.20 0.010 0.025
0,30 0.013 0,030
0.40 0.015 +0.010 0.035 +{).015
0,50 0,018 0.040
5.5. AC'lET IfClIOJlHHTEJJbHhIX PA3MEPOB MATPHQ If nYAHCOHOB
5.5.01. B 3a8HCHMOCTH OT npHHSlTOH TexHonomH H3roTOBJleHH.5I mTaMTlOB npuMeH5IJOTCg CJIeIOInHe MeTOb1 paC'ie-
T08 HCnOJUlHTeJI&PHX pa3MepoB:
3) onpeAeneHHe HCnOJlHHTeJIbHIiX pa3Mep<)B MaTPHQhI AnSI B6py6KH KOHTypa H nyaHcoHa AnSI np06HBICH OTBepcrHH.
COOTBeTCTBeHHO 8TOpaJl paOO'lall eTa.nb Aopa6aThlBaerc5I no nepBoii c 3aaHHHM 3330poM z;;
6) onpen;eJIeHHe HCnOJIHHTenhHblX pa3Mepo8 nY3HCOHOB lUISI 8bJpe3KH ICOH1j1pa H WI5I np06HBICH OTBepcTHII. M3TpH-
a opa6aTYBaeIOl no nyaHcoHaM C 3asopoM z (cnoc06 H3rorOB]JeHH MaTPHQbI no OTIHCXY nyaHcOHa);
8) onpe,neJIeHHe HcnOJlHHTeJ1bHhlX pa3MepoB M3TPHQbI H nyaHcoH3 npH pa3;:{eJlbHOM cnoc06e HX H3roTOBJIeHHSJ.
n p H M e 11 a H It e. PS3,AeJlhHwlf cnoc06 M3rOtOBJIeHIfiI peICOMetm)'eTCR npeltNYIl\CCTBellfiO "PH kpyrJlOM pa60eM KOHTYpe H "PH J10nyCKax H8
WT8M11yeMy1O eT8Jlb He Bblwe ll-ro ICB8JIHlleT8.
5.5.02. HapYJltHHIH KOHTyP HJIH OTBepcTHe WT3MnyCMOH AeTaJlH, HMelOeH CJIOJKHYJO KOHcl>HrypaIJ.H1O npH paCIlCTe
HCnOJJHHTeJ1bHhlX pa3MepoB, CJIeeT pa3JI.eJlHTb Ha :meMeHThI., pa3MepbJ KOTOphiX npH H3Hoce WT3Mna YMeHbwaIOTCSI,
YBeJIH1IHB31OTCSI RnH He H3MeH5JIOTCSI.
5.5.03. RcnonHHTeJ]hHhle pa3Mepbl pacDlHTblBaJOTCg c yqeTOM coxpaHeHHSI MaKCHM3JIbHO AonYCTHM.bI npHrryclCOB
Ha H3HOC M3TPHQbI H nyaHCOH3. CxeMa YCJIOBHOro pacnOJlOJlteHHSI onyCKOB H 3asopoB H306paJlteH3 H3 pHC. 15, 3 pac-
lIeTHHIe pMynhl npHBeJteHhI 8 'I'36J1. 15.

1. a 611 H 11 a 15
Dpo6MsJa 07BeptTIN
m"pf3Ja IOHT,pa
L.,
Pa3MCpl>l WlH neT3nH
HOMHHaJlhHhle pR3MepbI
0603HaeHHJI
YMHHlI3JOI1(Hear npH M3HOce
IllTaMna 10: t D: La; B... Lo '.;
L" 0 M d
YBeJIM1DtalOU1HeCil npH H3HOce
lllT8Mna L; J.,. - B: 11 H I,
He H3MeHRIOuurear npM H3HOce
IllTaMIIa A H b
YMeHHlI810WHear fIpM H3HOce
WTaMna 10: t D: Lo; Bo;
" d
l D If
YBeJIH1DtB8IOI1tHeC.JI "PH H3HOce
lllTaMna L; L,: B; 11 M 12,
He H3MeHHIOlLtHCCJI "PH H3HOce
1U:a=aMllCL A Ii b
I J
Aemanfl
.AemQllb
PaC1feTHl>le tOPMYJ11>1
W1H B LIpyfiKH I<OHTy.p R
WUI npOfiHBI<M oTsepcrHA
llonYCKH
npH nopa6oTKe nY8Hcoua
no MaTpMI1C
I1pH .Q..opa6oTKe MaTpHu,bl no nyaUwH)'
""
I
:s::
I:;
:II:
+

Ln =(LH+n+z 6') +6' (13) LfI (LH+m -6'
LM ::::'/.lH + Z
LM =(L H + ">-6
Ln =LM-z
(14)
( 14a)
(12)
( (28)

:s::
:c
:z:
8.
o
t
o
8
Ln;;;:;;;(Ln n Z+l)')-6' (16) Ln(LH-IT)+'
LM=Ln+ z
LM == (L H "> +6
Ln == LM - Z
(15)
( 15a]
(17)
(17a)
LM HnH Ln = L H +O,5t.
LM WIlt Ln =LH-O,St.
(18) - lIP" fiJlJOOOBUM !lOnYCKe H8 neT3flb
(19) - "PM MHHYCOBOM JJ,onYCKe Ita neTaJlh
,.....
a,) ..J.I
=.
 
8.S;
o :I:
13"
 t

:!

LM = L H 1: O.2 (20)
(23)
Ln (LH+ZJ to.2
(21) Ln =LH 1: O,2
Ln = (LH - z):t O,2
(22) LM=Ln+z
(23a)
Ln = 11M -z
(20a)
LM enH Ln =Lf{ j: O,St.
(24)
VCnOBHh[e
IIN; 

n
H6'
A
o 6 03 H a 11 e H H II:
HOMHH8JJbHwe p83Mepw MBTJ)HULI H nyaHcoH8, MM;
HOMHH8JJLHble pa3Mepw wT8MnyeMOH J\eT8..1IH. MM
npHnyCK Ha H3HOC MBTJ)HQ H nyaHcoHoI (Ta6n.. (6);
3a30p MeJlCM' MBTpHQeA H nyaHcoHoN (Ta6.n.. (3);
OnyCIC.H Ha H3IUTOBJleHHe MBTJ)HQ H nyaHcoHoB (npH CO_NeemON It3roT081IeHHH MBTPHU It nyaHcoHOB no Ta6n. 16 npH pa3-
"e.nbHOM 1t3roTOBJleHHH no Ta6n. (1);
onycJ( Ha WT8.MnyeMble AeTKnH, MM.
"p H M e Ii a H H a:
1. npH paen"HoM H3roTOB1leHHH MBTpMlt H nyaHCOHOB HCnOJlHlfl"eJlLJfHe pa3Mq)W, noHHhre no 4K>PMYnaM c HJW:ICCOM «0-, CJlC)U'CT Y1C.8-
9b1S8Th COOTBeTCTBeHHO C l10nYCKON a H d
2.. "pH J\OnycIC8X Ha eTanlt D - 4 1 IfJlH d+ 2 HOMHJt8JJhHble pa3MepLI nepeC'IHTblB8IOTCH:
 +4 1
DfI. =(D-L\)_(-L\); lIu =(d+) +( -).r.AeD-lIMaMeTPI(OIl1ypa.d-AMaMeTPOTBePCTUR_
R!l tlHCfHI
LII
I-
f
I
2
n
1.
i---
IfIJmplJI/o
Pa3Mepw. yae.nHtlHBaIOIltHCCR npH J13HOCC U1TaMna
(Bblpe3K3 KOHTYpa)
P03Meph[, YMeULW31Oll.\HeC5I npM 1f3HOCTe WTaMna
(np06HBIC8 OTaepcTHH)
PIIC. 15

5.5.04. B TaM. 16 aHH AonYCICH H3 AeranH, 1DT3MnyeMlie no 8, II, 12 H 14 ICBaJlHTeTa¥, npHnYCKH H3 H3HOC nY3H-
COHOB H M3TpHI( H lJ;OnyclCH Ha HX I13roTOBJIeHHe (npu COBMecmOM H3roroBJIeHHH M3TpHI( H ny3HCOHOB). npHUYCKH Ha.
H3HOC (m YCTaHOBJIeHY B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AonyClCOli H3 WT8MDyeMye eT3JIH <A), a HMeHHO:
npH A < 0,1 MM ......11 = A;
npH A > 0, I MM ...... II :a= 0,8 A
(C UeJJblO nOJJyqeHHg oKpyrJleHHYX pa3MepoB).
npH paC1lCTe HClIOIIIIHTe.1IMIhlX pa3Mepos BeJlHqHHa npHuyC1C3 (11) MOaer 6111Tb npHHJlT3:
II mln = 0,5
II =A
max
"
TafinHI(8 ]6
J].onYCKH H3
lllTaMnyeMLIe
J].eTanH no 8. ]],
12 H 14-MY
KB8JJHTeTaM l::,
J].OnyCKH Ha H3roTOBneHHe
nyaHooHoB
6'
nOIl)'CKH )fa
WTaMnycMLIe
,neT3flH no 8. 11
12 H ]4-MY
KBaJllfTeT8M l::,
noOYCKH Ha H:JI'OTOBneHHe
M8TpHI(
6
npHnYCKH
Ha H3HOC
n
npllny CKII
as H3HOC
n
M8Tp H l1
Ii
nyaHooHoR
6'
,
.uonYCKH H8 J].onYCKH H8 H3roToBneHMe llou)'cKH Ha nonycKH Ha H3roToBneHHe
lUT8MnyeMble []pHnycKH wT3MnycMbJC npHIIYCKH
Jl,eT8J1H no 8. 11. Ha II:JIIOC MaTpHl1 I1yaHooHoB neT8JTH DO 8. 11 Ha H3HOC MaTpHU nyaHcoHoB
12 H 14-MY n 6 6. 12 H 14-MY n 6 6'
I<BanMTeTaM l::, KB1UIHTeT8M l:J.
0.020 0.006 .0.004 0.140 0.12 0.030
0.025 0,008 0.005 0.160
0.14 0.035
0.030 0.009 0.006 0.170
0.035 0.200 0.16
0.0 II 0.008 0.035
0.640 0,230
_O18
0.045 0.013 0.009 0.240
0.050 ll=l:J. 0.015 0.011 0,250
0.060 0,018 0.013 0.260 0.20 0.045
0.070 0.021 0.015 0.280
0,080 0.024 0.018 0.300
0.25 0.060
0.090 0.027 0.020 0,340
0.100 0,360
0.030 0.022 0.30 0.080
0,120 0,10 0.380
0,400 0.30 0.080 0,680 0,55
0.170
0.430 0.740 0.60
0.35 0 11 100 0.760
0.460 O.S 70 0,70
0.200
..
0,520 1.000 O.SO
0,40 0.120
0,530 1.150
0.90 0.260
0.600 1.350
0,50 O 140
0,620 1,550 1.25 0,300
npH MCqaHHJl
1. B OIy-.ae npHMc:HCHHJI PJUJ UJTaMUOS M&TplQ C KOHyCHh[MI{ pa60IliHMH OTaepC1HJlMH (THn ]11. Ta6J1_ 20) npHoycK H8
M3HOC (IT) npHHHMaeTCJI p3JnlLIM AOOyCKY H8 WTaMllYeMyIO CTan. () .
2. npenC1lhHh[e oTJ(J]CHCHHJI pa3MCpoB UJTaMnyeMItlX AeTaneA. H3TOTOBnHeM.IX no 14-MY KBaJIHTeTY H He orpaHH"IeHH1dX
J¥)OYCKaMH: OXBaTLmalOWHX  no H 14 OXBaTWBaeMhlX - mil 14 UpolliHX :tIT...
2

5.5.05. npH pa3J(eJlbHOM H3roroBJIeHHH KpyrnHx M3TpHI( H nyaHcoHoB AonYCKH Ha HX H3roTOBJIeHHe npHHHMalOTCJI
nOT3M.17.
5.5.06. HHxe ltaH DPHMep paC'leT3 HCDOJIHHTeJIbHIJIX paSMepoB MaTpHU-hI H nyaHcoHa WlK lDTaMnOBKH Aer3JIH, H3D-
6paxeHHoA H3 PRe. 16. .
MaTepHaJI: naryHh n62, TOJIIIUIHa s - 1 MM; ABYXCTOpoHHHH 3a30p Me MaTpHeA H nyaHcoHoM Z - 0,05 MM
(TaM. 13).
DPH pac1IeTax HCDOJIHHTMbHblX pa3MepoB 3HalleHHSI npanYCICOB H3 H3HOC (IT) H AonYCKOB H3 H3roToMeHHe (6) H
(6') npHHHMalOTCjI no TaM. 16. P8C1IeTHbie 4>oPMYnw npllBeneHIi B TaM. 15.
A. IfCnOJlHHTCJlhHhle pa3MepY MaTpH1{H (pllc. 16) JUI Blipe3JCH 3J1eMeHTOB KOHTYpa 18-ti>.24 H 2s+O. 28 t YMeHhmaJO-
lItHeCK npH H3HOCe IDTaMna t onpe.t{eJJHTh no 4>oPMYne (12):
a) LM = (L H + I1)--(} = (18 + 0,18)-0.035 = 18tI8-o.035;
6) LM = (L H + n)--(} = (25 + 0,20)-0.045 = 25,2-0,045.
B. IfcnOJlllll'l'eJlhHe pasMephi MaTpHH WlK BHpy6xH 3JIeMeHTOB kOHTYpa 80-0.74 H 60-O4' YBeJlHI:IHBalOIItHeCK
npH H3HOCe mT3Moa. onpeeJlHTb no 4>oPMYJle (15):
a) LM =(L H -11)-+<' =(80 -0.6)+0.17 = 79.4+0.17;
6) LM =(IH- l1 )-+<' =(60-0.3)+0.08 =59.7+0.08.
B. lien_lie paSMephi MaTpHD:Y WlK BHpy6KH 3JleMeRTOB ICOHTYpa 8,OS; 15,06 H 65,4, He H3MeHK-
lOm;aeCK npH H3HOCe mTaMna. OnpeeJlHTb no 4>oPMYne (24):
a) LM = LH :ti), 5 = 8::!:O.025;
6) LJIIl = LH::!:O.S A = 15::!:O.OO;
JI) LJIIl =65,5 A=65,2.
n p If Me q 8 H He. ITyaHcoH AllSi BWpy6KH 3J1eMeHTOB ItOHTYpa npMrOHRe1'CJl no M8'1pHQe C S8.3O))OM % - 0.05.
D6"'l.t, ;
IS!.1J,66
-
-I!i- --


...
!t  :;
;: 
 I


..
-..
WI:/'
1.

-$
'4115
1S 1 4()J
Pac. 16
PMc.168
r. IfCnD.11HHTeJIbHye p33Mepli nyaHcoHoB WI np06RBKH
OfBepcntH (pHC. 17). YMellDmaJODlHecK npH H3HOCe IDTaMOa,
onpeTbn04>oPMYne (14):
Ln = (L H + n)--(}' = (6 + 0,08)-0.018 = 6,08"....0.018.
.
v
.

..

t:
.
I

:!
IT P H Me.. a H H e. OnepctHJI B M8TPH DpHroHKIOTCg no nyaHcony
C3830poM z-0.05 (n6J1. (3).
A. B cnyqae npHt1eHeHHK JIP04JHJ1bHoA lWIil4>oBKH nyaH-
CORa JUI Bypy6KH 3JJeMeHTOB ICOHTYpa H AOpa601'KH MaTpII-
QIi no nyaHCOHY (pHe. 18), paCC1IHThlsalOTCK pa3Mephi nyaH-
COHa..
l
II D25
fJl. 41)
f-!7J- .,
06,08_ DD11
.
PHC. 18
PHC. 17

HOMHHaJIlaHbJC HaHMeRoBaHHH TonlLtHHa MaTCpHana
J1H4lMeTph[ pa6o'BIx J1eT3neR
IUTaMna )Jo 0,5 CD. O,S AO 1,0 CD. 1 no 2 CD. 2 no 3 CD. 3 n() 6 CD. 6
CD. .Do
.DonYCKH tla H3roToBneJUle MaTpHu Ii lIyaJlcolioB
MaTpHlt 3 H7 (+{),O (0)
1 3
nyaHcoH H6 (-0,006)
MaTp H l1 a H7 (+0,012) H8 (.fo{)7018)
3 6
nyaHooH h (--{)008) h8 (-oOI8)
MaTpHlt 3 H7 (+().015) H8 (.fo{) ,022)
6 10
nyaHcoH h6( - 0,009) h8( - 0 7 022)
--
MaTpHu,a H7 (+0,018) H8 (.fo{) ,027)
10 18
nyaHooH b6(-0,011) h8( -0,027)
MaYpHlt 3 H7 (+(),o21) H8 (+0,033)
18 30 --
JlyaHooH h6( -0 7 013) h8( -0,03 3)
MaTpHu a H7 (+0,025) H8 (+0,039)
30 50
11yctHCOH h6( -0.016) h8( -0,039)
MaYpHlt 3 H7 (.fo{),030) H8 (+0,046)
50 80
IIyaHooH h6( - 0,019) h8( -0,046)
MaTpHl1 a H7 (.fo{) ,0 35) H8 (+O,OS4)
80 120
llyaHcoH h6(-U,022) h8( -0.054
MaTPHlt 3 H7 (+1),040) H8 (+0,063)
120 180
nY8HooH h6l- 0,025 b8( - 0,063
MaTpHU8 H7(.fo{).046) H8 (.fo{).o72)
180 250
nyaHooH h6( - 0,029) h8( - 0,072)
Ma'I'pHu,a H7 (.fo{),052) 118 (+0,081)
250 315
nyaHcoJj h6(-O,032) h8(- 0,081)
---
MaTpHl1 a H7 (+0.063) H7 (.fo{) .057) H8 (0,089)
315 400 --
11yaHcoH h6( -0,040) h7( 0,057) h8( - 0.089)

IicnO.lIHHTCJ1bHlJle pa3Mephl nyaHcoHa AJI51 Bhlpy6KH 3JIeMeHTOB KOHTYpa IS-K>.24 H .28. YMeHbmalOII!HeC5I npH
H3HOCe m1'aMna, OnpeeJ1HTh nO 4>oPMYne (13):
a). Ln = (L" + n + z - ') +13' = (18 + 0,18 + 0,05 - 0.035)+0,035 = 18.195+0,035;
6) Ln = (Llf + n + z - ') +13' = (25 + 0,20 + 0.20 - 0.045)+0,045 = 25.205+0,045.
E. Iicn01lHlfTeJlhHhle pa3MepY nyaacoHa AJI.SI BHpy6ICH 3JIeMeHTOB KOHTYpa 80_0.74 H 60_0.4' YBeJlHQHBalOIIJ;HecK
npH H3Hoce IDTaMna, onpeAeJlHTb no 4>oPMYJIe (16):
a) Ln =(L H -11-z +')--6' =(80-0,6-0,05 +0,017)-0.17 =79,52_0.17;
6) Ln =(L H - 11- z +'L6' =(60 - 0,3 - 0,05 +0,08)-0.08 =59,73-0.08.
)1(. IiCnOJlHHreJlbHble pa3Mepli nyaHCOHa WlK BLlpy6KH 3JIeMeHTOB KOHTYpa 8::tO,05; 15::tO,06. He H3MeH5IIOII!HeC5I
npH H3Hoce WT3Moa, onpelteJIHTb no 4>oPMYJIe (24). T. e. aHaJlom1.lHO YKa3aHHOMY B non.. B.
5..5..07. HH:x<:eaH npHMep paCtlCTa HCnOJlHHTeJlbHIiX pa3MepoB KpyrnhIX MaTpuu- H uyaHcoHoB (npH pa3eJlhHOM HX
H3roTOBJIeHHH) JVlK IDTaMfiOBKH maii6 (pHC. 19). npHnycK Ha H3HOC npHHHMaerC5I nO Ta5JI. 16, AonYCKH Ha H3TOTOBJIe-
HHe - no TaM. 17, a 3a30pH - no Ta6JJ. 13. OnpeAeJUleM no 4>oPMynaM (15) H (15,a) pa3Mephl MaTpH H nyaHcOHa
AJI51 Blipy6ICH KOHTYpa (pRc.20):
L = D = ( 40 - O. 25 ) +i>.027 = 39 75+0.027.
JIll JIll ' "
Ln =Dn =(39,75-0,21)_0.017 =39,54-0.017.
OnpeAeJUleM no 4xJPMYJlaM (14) H (14,3) pa3Mephl nyaHCOH3 H MaTPHl(b1 JVlK np06HBKH OTBepcTHR (pHC. 21):
Ln = Dn = (20 + 0,20)-0.014 == 2092_0.014;
L =D = ( 20 2 +0 21 ) +0.023 =2 0 41+i>.023
JIll At ,. ,
"10A
"35. -4"7
f/J2D,2 --0,0'.
7S f 4021
24.1.D,Dt'


.
.
3
...
PIfC. 21
MaTepHan:: craJIb 20
PHC. 19
PHC. 20
5.6. MA TPHI(bI
5.6.01. CooTHomome Mey pa3MepaMH OCHOBHblX KOHCTPYXTHBHblX 3JIeMeHTOB H ra6apHT3MH N3TPHU (pIlC.. 22)
peKOMeHJXYeTC5I npHHHMaTh no TaM. 18.
3H3'1eHHe K npHHHMaTb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Be;JH1IHHY B - BpeMeHHoro conpoTHBJleHHK mTaMnyeMoro MaTepllaJ13:
aMna bc.rc/MM )
80
40
25
12
K
1.3
1,0
0.8
0.6

28
T a fiJiIt 1(8 18
HaHMeHOBaHHJI J<OHcrpyKTHBHh[X
sneMeHTOB M8TpHLl
0603H8'1CHHJI
PeKOMeHJIYeMbJC pa3Mepw, MM
TOJUUHH3 (H8HMeHhIllU)
H
H 7 +s "'Kl+b
PaccrO'lHHe Mey KpaeM MaTpMUbI H pa60'lHM
oTBepcrHeM (llaHMeHWlee)
B.
BI H
d = 6,S npH L><B 1J.o 80)( 60
d = 8,5 "PH L X B CBLIwe 80 X 60 JJ,O 120 x 100
d = l"O,S npH Lx B CB&IWe 120 X 100 JlO 170 ><140
40TB
lbtaMcrp (H8HMeHHUHR) H J«()nHQecrBo
oTBepcrHA nOJl BHHThl
d
d = 12,5 npH L >< B
CBLlUJe 1 70 >< 140
no 300 >< 200
6 OTB.
d=16,SnpHLXB
CBIIlWe 300 x 200
AO 600 >< 300
8 OTa.
llHaMe1p OTBCPCfHA n01J.IIJTH4n'W
d.
d 1 ==d - (1 .; 2)
PaCCTO'lHHe Me)K,UY OTBepCI'llRMH no1J. BHH1
H no):t W11I(j>T (HaHMeHWJee)
AI
d +d.
AJ AlO.8d + 2
B-A
1.2d npH d 8,5
PaccroJlH.He T KpaJI MaTpHUJd AO uelfTpa
J(pene)I(HoTO oTBepcrHJI (HaHMeHHlIee)
B A
2
2
B-A
-2 = 1,4<1 npH d > 8,S
TOJJ11lHfla creHKH MC pa6o'IMMH
OTBCpCI1lRH (H8HMe1fWlu)
'.
BI = 21, HO He MeHee I,S MM (s - T01IlUHH8 wTaMnyeMoTO M8TepHaJla)
TafiJlHl(a 19
HufionLWHe pa3. H,,"ooflldllHe AHa-
rafiapHTHLle pa3Mephl npJlMO- MepLJ paoo-ero llHBMe1pLI KpyrnLJX
yroJILHYX MaTpHU L >< D KOHTY pa MaTpHU D MeTph[ pa60..eTO
I OTBepCI1UI MaTpHLI. d
b
63 x SO 28 20
63 20
80 )( 63 40 30
100 X 63 22
SO 80 35
100 )( 80
40
125 x 80
70 100 50
125 )( 100 50
140 )( 80 30
125 70
140'x 100 80 50
140 X 125 70
140 85
180 )( 100 SO
180 x 125 110 60
160 105
180 X 140 80
200 x 125 60
180 liS
200 )( 140 130 80
200 X 180 100
200 130
250 x 140 80
180
250 x 180 100
220 ISO
300)( 180 90
--- 220
300 X 200 110 250 180


l
Hau6o/JbUJUU
pa6DYUU
KDHmVP
1- _.--
I T- <D
'llllllt l T
 d.1
.

-d
.
L
PHC. 22
P3C1leTHYIO TonHHY M3TpHI(H H olCpyrJljlTh no 6J'"HJKaAmero 6oJIbmero 3HaQe.HHSI no CJleylOm;eMY PK.nY p33MepoB
ro.nHH: 10; 16; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40 MM..
P33MepH lH b- nOT.. 19.
5.6.02. B TaM. 19 npHBe,neJfbl peKOMeH;J;yeMlie H3H60JlbillHe paSMepll paooqero KOHTYpa M3TP H lt B 33BHCHMOCTH OT
raOOpHTHhix pa3MepoB M3TpHQ;. KOHCTPYICHH H pa3MCphi M3TpH no fOCT 16637.. .16647.
5.6.03. npo<lJHJ1h paoo'lero OTBepcTHj[ MaTpHlt AJIH BHpy6HDro H np06HBHOro IDTaMfi3 CJleJ{yer Bhl6HpaTb COrJI3CHO
peKOMenHHM, npHBe,neHHhlM B TaM. 20.
T 8 fill It Ll8 20
3CKH3W
npHMeHeHHe

1J.mI np06HBKH orBepcTHft MaMeTpOM o 8 MM, a
TalC)ke AJlSI Bblpe3KM npocTblX KOmypoB. B KOTO-
pwx OTcyTCTBylOT ICOHCOJlhHO pacDOJIO>KellilLle
3JIeMeHTY. Oc.na6JullOlJU(e Ce1leHHe MarpIU.. UH-
JlHl\APHqecKoe npoB8JIhHoe 01C80 .QenaerclI C
qC1lhlO ynpoIU.eHHiiI H3roToaneHHiiI mT8Mn3.
IIpHMCHilTh np" MeJIJCocepttMHoN npoH380.ACTe
I
C 1!HJJIfJIJU)HllecKHM npoBlJlhHhlM OKHOM

II
C KOHH1IeCKHM npoB8JJhHhlM OKHOM npH (3 > a
C:
J::LJUI MaTpHlf.. B ICOTOPb[X HMelOTCR ItOHConLHO
pac:nOJIOJKeHHble 3JIeMeHTY, ocna6.nillOIQHe ce-
qeHHe H IfCKJl101I31Ol1.lHe B03M01KHOCIb npHNeHe-
HHiilllK1lHplNeClCoro npoBa.TlhHOm 01CH8. npu-
MeHSITh npM MeJllCOCepJ.dtHOM npoM3DOJ\crBe
Dl
C Y&eJ1H-.eHHoH BbiCOTOA HI paooqero KOHH-.e-
CICero OrBepcTHR HJIM C It0HYCOM no BCe BblCOTe
T tXHlJ"DiU 'tP.CIfUU
nOllrOK ((},5' &
AnR MaTpHQ nOlJblUJelillOH CTO:l1.KOCTH nptt He-
fioIlbWHX ra6apMYax JJ.eTaneH H TOilHOCTH He BbI-
we ll-ro ItB8JlHTeT8 npcHMyU(eCTBeHHO WIll 1J.e-
TaJlei1. I1MetOUUtX cJ>opMY Ten8 opOll\eHHiiI, WI....
npH npHMeHeHHH COCT8BHh[X M3TPMLt


30
T a fin H Ita .20
3CKM3b1
npH MCHCI IHe

AnSI MaTPHIt c 06paTHM BblTaJlkHBaHl1eM eTaJlM;
npcMt.tyllteCTHeHHO B wTaMnax COBMell.\eHHOro
J1,eACTBHU
IV
Co CKB0311blM OKHOM 6e3 YKJlOHR

n pH M e q 8 H H e. npH np06HBKe HeCKOJIhKHX WIH3ICO pncnonoeHHb1X OTBepcTHH ltH8MeTpoM D < 5 MM ltonyclCaeTcH npHNeHeHHe MaTpHl{ THna
n (' kOIlHlleCKHM npoBaJlbHblM OKHOM JtH8MeTpoM 1\0 10 MM.
B MaTpHl.{ax mna IV AnSI lliT3MnOB COBMeIl.\eHHoro l\ei1cTBI-1S1 nYCKaeTCJl (1poH3BO pa3eJlKY pa6oqero OKHa no pa3MepaM BbITa.nKHR8TenR,
OCTaB1lSlR nOSICOK BbiCOTOH h no TaWl. 21.
5.6.04. 3JIeMeHT npo4JHJlK pa6ollcro OTBepcTHK MaTpHU B 3aBHcHMocm OT TOJIHHhI wTaMnyeMoro MaTepHaJla B-
6upalOTcSI no TaM. 21.
"'la6nJll{a 21
TonlltHfia KOHYCHOCIh BhlCOT8 nOJiCKa h  3aBHCHMOCTH
MaTepH3JTa S, MM 11 Q pa60'lero OT TOJUQHHW MaTpHULJ H, MM
OTBepcrH£
o20 Cs.20
no 0,5 O 10' 1 : 200 6
CB. 0.5 ,. 1.0 2° 0° 15'
1 100 6 8
1,0 " 2,5 0° 20'
2,5 ..4.0 0° 30' 1 : 50
 10
4,0 " 5.0  0045' 1 : 38
5.0 "II 10 1° 1 30 15
n p H M e  a H It II: ,
1. J::LJUI HeKaneHblX MaTpHLt a < 15 ,
2. onycKaeTCR npH S  I MM a - 0; UpH S > 1 MM a - O. 30
3. KonycllOCTb paOOLJero OTBCpcTHR )'Ka32 H a AJUiI c.nyqag 06pa60TICH ICOHHQeCKHMH pa3&ePTKaMH.
5.6.05.. BhIcoTa pa60Qero KOHH'IeCKoro OTlWpcTHH (HI) .B MaTpax THna III Bhl6Hpaercj[ no pHC. 23 B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT npHrrycK3 Ha H3HOC (fl) (TaM.. 16) H yrna a (Ta6JJ. 21).
n
1ft
(D
  
..-
. -

--=
Ar

AI
iA
41.
...

..
.
..
'1
.c:
c
11.5 -
11=" -Ill
!-IJ
11. -
PiIIC. 24
PISC. 2S
CJ
1
.-..
f
7
.
"
IJ
1.5

17 ifill

PIiC. 23
n pH M e q a " 11 e. ECJJIt BblCOTa MaTpIUJ.b1 H < (H 1 + 5) MM.
TO yroJl a DblnOJlHilTh no Beerl BbICOTe M8.TPHLthl (II) - H).

4J
PHC. 26

31
5.6.06. B MaTpHax THI10B 1 H 11, a TaK}Ke co CJlOJKHOH 4>oPMoii pa6ollcro OTBepcTHSI BpHChllJaeMOH B OKPYJKHOCTb
AH3MeTpOM 10 MM, npoBaJll>HYIO qaCTb pa60l,lero OTBepcrMH Heooxo,AHMo BhUlOJ1HIITJo KPyrJ1OI1 4>oPMhI C pa3MepoM, 60Jlb-
WHM peJKyeH 'iaCTH Ha 0,5-1,5 M Ha CTOPOHj (pHc. 24).. B OCTaJlbHh1X c.nY1JaHX npoB3.11bHYIO llaCTb CJle.nYeT .neJlaTb
np 4>oPMe pa6ollcro OTBepcrn.51 C pa3BanoM Ha 0,5-1,0 MM Ha CTOpoHY (PJlc. 25).
5.6.07. npH H3JIH'IHH B 6oqeM OTBe)XTHH MaTpbl OCTphiX HJIH npMX yrnoB npoBaJIbHYIO qaCTb CJleJJ:yeT BhI-
IIOJIHHTb cpyrneHHoH (pRc.26)...
5.7. COCTABHbIE MATPHQbI
5..7.01. npH CJIOJICHoA KOH4JurypaQHH IDTaMnyeMlix AeTaJleA, a TaIC]kC npH HX 60JlbillHX raf5apllTax ueJleCOOOpa3Ho
npHMeHjJTb IDTaMUbI C COCTaBHblMH MaTpaldH.
BHpy6Hble mTaMUbI C COCTaBHYMH MaTpHnaNH n03BOJIJI1OT 6h1CTPO SaMeHKTh OTAeJlbHhle CeKltHH no Mepe HX H3Hoca.
npH 3TOM YBeJIH'IHBaercH CTOHKOCTb wTaMnoB H YMeHhmaeTC.I: ce6eCToHMOCTIJ IDTaMnyeMhIx AeTaJJeii..
5..7.02. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOH4>urypaQHH IDTaMnye"4:hlx DeTa.neA MaTpHbI BYnOJIHSlIOTCH:
a) ceXQ,HOHHhlMH;
6) c60pllhlMH C BKJlalUiW3MH;
B) xoMf)HIIHpOBaHHIiMH.
5.7.03. CeKHOHHble MaTpllQli COCTaBJIKlOTClI H3.nByX HJlH 60Jlee CeKQHii 06paSYIOIQHX KOHTYP pa6ollcro OT<Ha.
npHMepy npHMeHCHHK ceKIlHOHHblX MaTpHI( npHBeJ.eHhI B TaM. 2..2..
TafiJ1H1(822
3CKM3b1 cea::J..tHDIIHYX Ma
n MeHeHHe
+
.
llpH pn60QHx OJ(H8.X C L> 200 MM C npSlMblMH. OCTpblMH M yYnhlMM yr.na-
MM HJlH C 38lCpyr.nemuINH B yrnax
.
tOt
1.>700 
£.!. £
3

v

+
--- _...--- ---.-.-
..- -.
t
.
+.
1
npH pa6oHX OkHU C p83MepaMH b < 2 MM" 1 > 3 I.
-.-- t
npH cnO)KHOli I(OH4JMrypaI(l1H wTBMnyeMhlx l\eTUeH H Ha.nH'IHH TPyaHo-
aOCyYoHLIX Ml Mil 06pa60TKH NaTpM B l{CJlbHOM BH)J;e
..
c:-t'
.+-. +-.
-+--.
.PeICOMeHJJ.8UHSl OTHOCHTal Tak)l(e " kOHcrpyHpoB8HHIO t"beMHHICOB.

I. t
f-
I
- i-_ - -- __I
/PDr-dlllJ",.
H M3roTOllJleHHH nyaHcoH-MaTpH, HMelOlI(HX TPY AlII!
a60ncM MeCT& pa60Qero ICOHTYpa
" P It N e  a H tI II:
1. YCTBHOBKY ceJCqldi MaTpHh1 B Heu.rreH}'1O o6oAM}' CJle.lO'eT npoH3.oHn no nOC8)tXe "J.
2. Ka}l{)18.i1 CCICQHg npgMoyroJlhHoA N3TJ)H 4>MKcHpyeTCII.QBYMti WYH4rraMH. a KpyrJloA - OHMM"
5.7.04. C60pH3K M3TPHIUl COCTOHT H3 HeK3.1IeHOH o6oiiMhI HJlH Iopnyca OCHOBHOH 'iaCTH M3TpHhI H OD,HOro HJ1H 60-
nee KaJleHhJX BXJIaI(Imea.
npllMepy HCnOJlHeHH5I c60pHhlX M3TpHIJ. npHBeeHbI B TaM. 23.
T .fin H It a 23
" IUfe
-+-
,.".J.HlJ
UPH H8)lHqHH BINCTynOB B paOOqeM OkHe
_ "" ffVNIl4-
-e--+- r ..
1Iolr--..JI.'1/II
"pM H8)lHIiHH OT&ePCTKH HaMeTpOM o 5 MM B N3TPHIULX c L > 200 MM
UJ.n1l 06ecnewleHHK TOQHOCTH  paCCTOHHHM M8TPHUY CJle.lO'eT
enaTlt pa3pc3HOA)
1 ' 
- .!_. l-
I
J! .-rtllll"""
"' 1
;
1.:-.1'
'" r - .----
I
I
-- .. I
0 1
UpH HaJlHqHH pa60qHX ICOHTYpoB C YIl8CTKaMH b < 2 MM H I <  L.
IIpM H8)lHqHH pa60Qero yqaCTKa b < 2 M 1;11 3b. TPYJ\HoocrynHoro AJlg 06-
pa6oTKH, N8TJ)HQy pelCoMeHJ\YeTCJI npoelCTl1pooaTlt C MeCTHblM BKJI:\Abl-
weM
W'\.
V .
........
I
I
i!:L ..
t I · I: 4f
"" J:t - t
- - 6
o 0
(,
---t
.. ''' ''';
.

33
D#DiIlfa
"pH H8JIMqMM HeCICOJlbKIfX 0J\HIf8I«)IIYX no IC.OHc!nllypau.HH paOOIJHX OT-
BepCTMA
m /..
. ,. nf/I,,'lu
 - -----
i':. . ItIJIIIJI"J'1Il
, ", '-
"pH H8JlHqMH 6oJlbmoro qMeJIa 0BhIX no ICOH<)mrypat{"" paOO1lHX
OTBepC'rMA. p8C11O.J1OJKeHH1d no paRM aeTaJlH
" P If N e q a H H II
1_ Y craHoBKa eH npott3BOAHTCR: B Hek8JleHylO OOoHMY - no nOC8.1UCe rp B JCBJIeHYIO MB.:rpHIJy - no nocamce jsb.
2. BKJIa.QblWH xpyrnoK 4K>PMhI _ BbUIOJIHR'Jh C 6ypTMICOM_
5.7.05. KOM6HHHpoBaHHaji MaTpa COCTOHT H3 .QBYX H.1IH fX1.1Iee CeKl(HU, B KOTOphie 3anpeccoBhlB3eTCB OHH HJlH
6wIee BK1IalumeAt B cOBoKynHOCTH 06pa3YJOHx KOHTYP pa60llero OKRa. 31)' ICOHCTPYKQHIO peKOMeYeTCB npHMe-
H9Tb B CJIyqae He06xo;J.HMOCTH COQeraHH5I ceKHOHHYX MaTpHII. ce' COOpHIJIMH. KOHCTp}'Kl.(H.SIICOM6HHHpoBaHHOU MaTpU-
 cOCTOIIIQeA H3 8 CeKl(HU, npeJJ;CTaBJJeHa H3 _pHC. 27.
141""
61
IIITaMnyeMasw J.eTa.nb
A--A
.
" . "J ', . 1
, /:  ... " :-: 
,: ,'l , .....' '. ., '"
, , . -," -- .
fir flt"""U""" /
no
",
-r---

l
A -
o-t
-.-
I
++
---
o
!IIi
-+ ;. r 0 -1-- -+
 D.W.. W +O t
"' 0 : :\  J:.  D
-+ + \ ff.- -+ -t1)
-0-
.0
j
A
KOMOHHHpoBaHHH MaTPH
PHC.. 27

j.7..06. JIHHHH CTYKOB B COCT3BHYX H Koy.6HHHposaHHYX M3TpX ycraH3.BJIHBaIOTCg"C )NeTOM CJJeJOm;HX =rpe60-
BaHldi:
a) oMeJ'llelllUl 0600rm paooqero ()KHa;
6) B03NOJitROCTH QZ:t8olpeMeRHoil: 06paOOrxH HecKOJIhKBX ceKIUlA.
KOJIII'IecTBO celClUII onwe:rcK J{oRcj)HrYpalUleA 1IIT3M11yeMoii eTanH..
Ha pRC. 28 nl'RBeAelllll npHMep" npocTlllX lCoHCTpyKIUII ceKJUlOHHYX M3TPHQ.
5.1.07. JIRRIIJI CTJBa celClUIIlIo..utHa npoXOJlBTh llepe3 neHTp x.yI'II, coeJlllHmOuu:A Be CTOpoHH paoollero OKH3
(pRC. 29).
5..1..08. npH conp-.eBHB JIYI'H C npJlMIDOI yqacrxaMB paOOqero OKHa nHHHIO CTYlC3 ceKIUlA CJIeT pacnOJIaraTh.
ICalC nOIC333HO H3 pac. 30.
5..7.09. CQeAllHeBBe cenud cocraBRoi MBTp1i JtOJlZHO HCXJIIO'lan B03MOZHOCTIJ ax CNeeHH B OJIbHOM H
nonepeQHOM H3npaBJIeHHjlX, 3TO AOC1'IImeTCJI nyTeM:
a) coeeBRI B 3aMoJt;
6) Bpe3kOH B o6oiiMy H.1IH 1lJIH'I'Y;
B) ICpellJleHHeM lCaoA CelCIUIII BHHT3MH H lIIT!f4rraMII.
5.1.10. nu cocwmelllUl CeXQ,HH M3TpHIJ;hI npH ycHJUl DlT8M1IOIIICH o 200 ICH.(Tc) peICOMeHJO'eTC ICOHCfpYK1J;HjI
Z-OOpa3Horo 33M1Ca (pHc.31).
5..7.11.. }l.n1l COHaeHHJI celClUII M3TpHltH npH yCJIJIRR lDTaNlIOBICR 6o.nee 200 ICH(Tc) peKOMellJUTeTCjI ICOHCTPYK-
InIJI n--060a3Boro 3bIu (pRC.. 32).
5.1.12. npH IIaJIB1IHH IaNU Bpe3ICa celClUfA . o6oAMy Jlo..utHa ocyecTLUT no cropoHaM, nepneHJ{YJli:pRhIM
lIJIolIW{Ke 33M1Ca (plIC. 33).
5.1.13.. rny6RRa Bpe3XH MaTp1i B o6oAMy npHHHM8" paBHOA 0,6--0.1 BHCOThI M3Tp1i (pHC. 33).
5.1.14. npH AJIIIIE HaB60JIbmeA CTOpoHH CeKIUIORHol M3TPIIIUi CBlldIIe 300 MY B ICallecTIIe oOOHMH pelCOMellJUTeTCJI
npHMeRIITh II1IIITH C npRBapellRHMH OnOpHYMllIIJI8H1CaMH (PRe. 34).

o
.
(!)
e
.
e.
.
. ..
-$ '1 .. G
I
I .
t ,
: I *
G  l G
.$
AUNU. t:","'ltfl
C.tlfllu.u ".mpll'l
A.yxceK1UfOHlWl Na'lpHI.\&
_...a'lpHl\8.
PHC. 28
Pac. 29
PHC. 30
£;,.,o
(tU-fo.lJ'
1
tIQ
11__,.. ...
AII.IIUJ1 Il
,.Q "'61
Pac- 31
i

L  2D(J
PHC. 32


,
'
.. 
-t
-*
L>300
PMC. 33
PHC. 34
5.8. PEJKYIQHE H CJ)JIAHD.EBbIE CEKQHH
5..8.01. Pe)'IQRe celClUDI npHMeHjllOTCii 8 pa3eJlHTfJlbHHX (pa3pe3H1iX, orpe3HHx, BlJlpe3HHX) H clx>PMoo6pa3YJO-
 (4maHOBO'IHHX) mTaMDaX npR 60JJhWHX ra6apllTax eT8JJeA (cByme 120 MM)..
5..8..02.. Ha pDC. 35 nOlCa3aHa ICOHCTpYKHg peYHX ceKqHH C..lDHpHHOH paooqeA rpaHH b - 12 MM, npHMeWleMhlX B
pa3AeJlHTeJlbHIiX mT8Mnax.. MarepHaJI peZYHX ceKQ;HH - cran.b M3pKH YI0A.
5.8.03. CekHH C mHpHHoA pa60qeA rpaHH b  18,5+24,5 MM H AJlHHOH L - 150+300 MM MOryT 6YTIJ npHMeHeHLI 8
pa3eJlHTenhH"X H 4>.naHlWB01JHIJIX mT3Mnax.
5..8.04. .lLng celCltHI, npHMeHjleMYX 8 lDT3MnaX Jlj[ HeJlHii CO CJIO:JICHOH clx>PMoii, HaB60JIbmail .DOnYCTHM351 ICpH-
BH3Ha no AJlHHe L noxa3aHa Ha pRe. 363, a no BhlCOTC H - Ha pHC. 366, clx>PMa ICpIIBH3HH ycTaHaBJIHB51 8 COOTBeT-
crBHR c: clx>PMOH H3roTOBJlJleMoro H3eJIHjJ.
A A
 II..J
I- - -)
I 1\1/ . -1 .
" r..
" @) 
. ,
 .......--- ..............
. <D
#
_JII ..., 
L-n#-: JIJI 
,A -1 <D'4J $0
-cD -tl 6
0:
A
Pltc. 35 PHC- 36
.5.9. ny AHCOHIJI
5.9.1. Cnoc06w :qJeDJIeHHJI H KOHCTPy&THBHWe 3J1eMeHTY
5.9.1.01. Ha pRC... 31 H 38 RdpazeHH HaROOnee 1lacwnpHMeWleMHe CUOC06Y ICpeDJIeBBg nyaHcoHoB:
a) nyaHcoHH t ByhOJlHeRlDlle COBMecTHO C XBOCTOBHICOM (PRe. 31a). npHMellmOTCJl npR lDTaMDOBlCe MeJllCHX .DeTaJIeA
8 lUTaNDax 6e3 8epxHeA lIJ1aTH;
6) nyaHcoHH C ICpellJlellHeM It 8epXHeA DJlHTe BJlH IC XBOCTOBBtey (pac. 316 H 318) npHMeHmOTCil 8 1UT8MII3.X 6e3 H3-
npaMmoDUIx ICOJIOHOIC npH lDTaNlIOBlCe CPel{HHX H ICpynHlix JleTaJlel;
8) nyaHCOHY C KpellJleHHeM 8 nyaHcOHoepaTeJle (pHe. 38) npHMeHt 8 OCHOBHOM, 8 mTaMuax C 8epXHeii
IIJIHTOH HJlH npR HaJlHlIHH HecKOJ1hKHX nyaHCOHOB;
r) nyaHCOHIJI HaMeTpoM o 10 MM ICpeIDITCJI TOJIbXO 8 DyaHcoHoepzaTemix (.mCT 16648; rOCT 16650; rOGT
16663; mCT 16664)..
5.9.1.02. npn ICOHCTpyllpoB3HHR nyaHcoHo8 He06xo n CJIIInle Tpe60BaIlHK:
a) BO H36ezaHRe CMeeHIUI oceii ny8HCOHH C npocn.lM pa60q)QI KOHTYpoM CJJeT Jle.naTh C oaK08HM CelleBH-
v
eM no BCeH AJOIHe;

,

Il
6'
,
PMc.38
6) fiQC'.AA01lHYIO I18CTh nyaHOOHa (pRC. 39 H 40) BHnOJIUTh no DQC8Ake hfi <B HHX CJlY'IaJIX AonycKaeTCJI BhI-
DOJIH.5ITh no nQC'.AAke r6) ;
B) nQC'.AAky nyaHcoHoB, sa HCKJIJOqeHHeM ICpyrJIYX, CJIeT OCym.ecTllJlfth DO CHCTeMe Bana sa C'IeT npHroHKR OT-
BepcrH B nyaHCOHoepTeJle. 3aThlJlhHYJO I13CTh nyaHcoRoB BIiIIOJIIDITh C 6ypnucaMH (CM.. pRC. 39), nQJ:1 paCQClCaHKY
HJlH pacJCJIeolCY (CM. pac. 4(».
He peKoMeH.A)'eTCJI npHMeH paClCJlenKY npR lDTaMDOBJCe M3TepH3JlOB oii fio.nee 4 MM, Tal{ KalC nQJ:1 AeHCT-
BHeM YCIIJIHjI GeNa He HClCJllOlIeHO BHpliB3HHe nyaHcoHoB 83 nyaHcoHOepeJIJI.
5.9.1.03. npH npHMeHeHHH paclC.1IenKU CJJCAYeT npeAycMaTpn3Th npllnycx no TaM. 24, Y'lHTbIBaeMYH npR ODPeAe-
JleHHH HOMHH8JJLHOii NJHHH ny3HcoHa.
PHC. 37
_ Tnfin!la _
npHD,ac Ha p8.CK1IeoKY:I a
bxb
OpH h = 1
IIpH h  1,5
OpH h = 2
2 X 2
3 X 3
1,7
1,2
0.9
4X4
sxs
1,4
2,5
6x6
1.2
2.0
n p H Me II a H If e.. nyaHCOHbI pa3MepoN fio.nee 6)(6 MM. xaK npalDUJO. D8Cqe K8 JOTCg.


.-......-

.
-....
f
t 
:::.
 ,,'0
  I
h
.
t
d OCC'IUII1b180lmtJ n' molA. ,,- fJ
PHC. 39
PHC. 40
I,

31
5.9..1.04. }l.n1l nyaHcoHoB co CJIJII1lM paOOqHM KOtrrypoM CJICAYeT npeAYCMaTpHB3Th nOCAAO'lHY qaCTh npocTOH
clxJpMbI npH :nOM HaH6o.nhmHe pa3MePIJI nollHOii 1J3CfU AOJDICIW COBDAAaTb C ra6aplITHblMH pa3MepaMH paOO1Jero
KOHTypa. Y&eJ1HQeHHe pa3MepoB nocaz:lollHoii qaCTH AOnYCKaeTCSI B CJIY'Iae Jfe06xoHMOCTH nOBlJImeHIUI npo'lHOCTH ny-
aHCOHa.
5.9.1.05. nyaHCOHu, pa60QIUi ICOHTYP kOTOp:blX BDHCHBaeTCSI B OICPY)I(HOCTb AHaMeTpoM D <: 10 MY, DOJI"'HW npo-
eKTHpoBaThCg C kpyrJlOii no'lHoii 1J3CTblO. Pa.AHYC r nepex<ma OT OCHOBaHHg IC pa60QeMY ICOHTYPY CJJCAYeT npHHH-
MaTb OT I AO 4 MM, npHQeM lt1HI M3JItJlX BeJ]HIIHH b pac , 6paTh HaHMeHbmHM (puc. 41).
5.9.1.06. C yaenHlleHHeM AJlHHH npo'lHOCTb nyaHcoHoB YMeHhmaeTCSI, n03TOMY CJICAYeT CTpeMHTbCSI K MaKCHMaJlb-
HOMY HX yICopoqeHHJO. Y MeHbmeHHe AJlHHH paooqeA tUiCTH nyaHcoH3 MOJKeT 61J1Th AOCTHrHyro 3a CIIeT BBeeHHSI UH-
J1HHl(pHqeCKOH HJlH ICOHHlIecKOH BHTOlIICH B CbeMHlIICe (pHC.. 60)..
5.9.1.0J. npH onpeeJ]eHHH BIJICOTY nyaHCOH3 He06xoHMo npeAYCMaTpHBaTh npllnyCK Ha nepeIWlH4KJBKY, paBHhlH
2-6 MM (pile. 39 H 40).
'D
PIllKl1tllOmlJ

oQ
I
J
4-'

" UlmUf1m
11111 fJU«ClltpJU
"!Jil.HCt1HIl.
DTjJlIHmam"
, Iop
PHC. 42
15'",9!--_..
PHc. 41
5.9.1.08. K nyaHcoHaM, HMelO1IlHM CJ10IHIiA paOO'lHH ICDHTYP H oopa6aThlBaeMblM Ha OnTHICO-DlJIH4>oB3nhHOM CTaH-
ICe npelfbRBJlSllOTCii CJIYlOlIure Tpe60BaHHg:
a) pa60QIUi npo4>HJJh nyaHcoHa DOJIJlteH 6liTh He 6o.nee b x 1- 40 )( 80 MM HJIH D < 40 MM npR IWIH4>oBICe Bcero pa60-
qero ICOwrypa (PRe. 42):
_ 6) npH IDJIHBJ(e 'l8CTH pey.I:Qero ICOHTYpa WHpHHa ny8HooHa J:{OJI:KHa 6h1Th He fio.nee ISO MM, a IDHpHHa m.nHye-
MOH qaCTH ICOHTypa - He fio.nee 30 MY (pHC. 43);
B) M3ICCHM8JlhH3K Blicom ny8HcoHa (H) AOJIX:Ha 6h1Th He 6o.n.ee 70 MY (pile. 44).
r) npSlMoii Y'l3CrOX paOOllero nlXXl>K7lillc (pHC. 44) 6epeTC ICOHCTpYICTHBHO, Ho':e MeHee
p"c.. 43
h +h l +A,
rc h TOna HanpaBmlIOH:ic 11J13HOX;
hI BHCOT8 HaDpaIUUlIOdi 1JaCTH B CheMHHKe;
A npHOYCK H3 nepero1JJCy nyaHcoHa (2-6 MM);
JI} PHYC nepexoa or paooqero ICoHTYpa-IC OCHOB3kHIO nyaRcoHa r CJIeT npHHHM3Th OT 25 JlO 40 MM H onpe-
.1IJlTh rpact,HlIecKH no cxeMe (pRC. 44) B 33BHCHMOCTH OT DHaMeTpoB DIJJHB3JlbHOro ICpyra H onpaBJCH (TaM. 15).
Ta6nHQa
/_n.; _
I .,;.,.o\cJ. \
1- - . - ( t .) I ---
'\ 
....- ....., ""
NM
,ttH&MeTp AHJlMeTp
UIJIH4xnsa JlbH oro onpaBICH
lCJ)yra
SO 20
80 30
5.9..1.09.. B MHoconyaHcoHHblX 1DT3Mnax npH He06xoHMOCTH
T01fHOro HanpaBJleHHK J(aoro ny8HcoHa npu noMo ID;H CbeMa
nyaHCOHH MOryT 6h1Th BlJlnQJIHeH!JI .1IJJ 'RiJIO DJJIM:tI» C S3S0poM B
DyaHoepJlCaTeJle (pHC. 4.5).
.JI Ut1M emp ",
-onpalwu ,+1
[ AUPHe UJIl(jJP!QI1t-
lIoeD Kpgea
-
- - -
--
- it...
--:I "}
-, It! I -
f/-

,.-
-I-
I ",
..
;a

::s
;,-

PHC. 44



PHC. 45
I - nyaHcoH; 2 - nyaHCOHO)1ep*aTeJ1b; 3 - BT)'nK8 HJlH
38.J1HBlCa l1JIaCTM8CCOH; 4 - CbeMHHK
n U(JH«Q C 3Q3D OM HS
I'tNle 1&83f130Jla HBJK'JI
l1J/aHc'HDH Ii HaMpul/eil
5.9.2. CocTaBHWe nyaHCOHY
5.9.2.01. IIpR CJIOIHHX ICOH(jJHrYpaU.HJlX IDTaMnyeMYX ICPyoHora6apHTHbIX AeTaJleA nyaHCOHhI, B ueJUIX ynpoe-
HHjI H3roTOBJleHHB, peKOMeyeTCSI AeJl3Tb COCT3BHHMH (PRe. 46). COCTaBHYe 1J3cm nyaHCoH3 ICpen5lTC5I B oomeM ny-
aHCOHO;J:epaaTeJIe npH DOMOID;H 6oJrrOB H HKCHpyIOIItHX mTHeinoB HJlH npec.:comoH DDCaJ{I{H-.
5.9.2.02. llpR npHMeHeHHH IDTaMnOB C COCT3BHtlMH nyaHCOHaMH H MaTpHl(aMH DJIOCKOCTH pa3'beM3 cocraBHoH MaT-
pHllhI He HY COBaTh C DJIOCKOCTRMH pa3'beM3 COCTaBHoro nyaHcOHa..
5.9..2.03. llpll CJIO;;KHOH lCoHCbmypaltHB mT3MnyeMoH AeTaJlH H HeB03MO::ICHOCTH H3I'OTOBJJeHHjI OJ{HOro nyaHCOHa
 Bhlpy6IH BCero ICOHTYpa HeoDxQWIMo paC1IJIeHHTb CJlOZHblit IC0JrryP Ha HecKQJI))KO 3J1eMeHTOB.
Ha pRC.. 41 npHBeHa cxeMa DOCJIeJIOBaTeJIbHOH BlJlpy6KH H npof)HBKH CJIO:ICHOH AeT3JIH HecKOJIhlCHMH nyaBCOHaMH.
PHC. 46 PMc 47 PHC. 48
5.9.2.04. fipH HaJIHtfIIII H3 1DT3MIIyeMoA AeT3JIH y3KHX lCaHaBOK (II3npHMep, mnOHOqHYX na30S) nyaHcoHhI BHIlOJI-
Hh C BICJIMHIIleM HJIH 'QeJlhHHMH (pHC. 48).
5..9.2..05. llyaBCoHw pa3MepoM CBblme 100 MY, B Q.eJIJIX 3KOHONHH HHCTpyMeHT3J1hHOH CTaJIH, peKOMeHAYeTCSI BIJI-
nORHSlTh C H3KOIfe1lHHICaMH. D;m YMeHhmeJllm I1JIOIIWnlIDJ1H4x>BICH B H3KOHeqmoce nyaHCOHa AeJl3eTCSI BIJI60pKa (puc. 49).
Bepxlbljl 'lam nyaHCOHa R3roTOB.1UleTCSI H3 ICOHCTpyKHOHHOH TepMoo6pa6araHHoH CT3JIH.
A
7
1w:




:!II:

PMC. 49
.KOHCTpYHpou.HHe c:ocT8BHhIX nyaHCOHoB B OCHOBHOM 8H8JlOrHQHO ICOHCTpYHpoB8.HIfIO COCT3BHbIX NaTPMQ (CM. pa. S.7).

5.9.3. nyaHcoHbI AJUI np06HBEH OTaepcTHH MaJ1IJ1X 1I.HaMeTpoB
5.9.3.01. .L{ng npo6HBICH orBepcrHA MaJlhlX AHaMeTpoB B TOJlCTOJIHCTOBhlX M3TepHaJJaX (d < s ) peKoMcHJQ'eTCSI npH-
MeHgTb nyaHCoHIi, HMeJOIQHe cneQHaJlbHhle BTynlCH lV1g HenpeplJlBHoro HanpaBJIeHHg (pHC. 50). 3a30p Me nyaHCo-
HOM H orJtepC'I'HeM BO BTynK3x CJlCAYeT nplDlHMaTb (0,01 +O,02)d, e d - AHaMeTp nyaHCOHa..
"04Jflnn pa6'Yl" xriJrz
d AJ ¥:JNtlJ p6.1'1,.,11 tXtNQ
C,
Pitc. SO
11."-2 -0 '-2)-3 ."
 
Q 
-   
 
...L



II-I. t -21
tt
.
'"

......
 
..
-
.....
....
J.
..
I
---.....
PHC. S I
5.9.3.02. Ha pHe. 51 npJIBe:teHY OCHOBHye pa3MepIJI HanpaBJIRIOHX 3J1eMeHTOB lV1 g nyaHCOHoB ;QHaMeTpoM d -
l,5-2; 2,1-3; 3,1-4 H 4,1-5 MMt aHa pIIC. 52 - HcnOJlHHTeJIhHlJle pa3Mephl HanpaBJIIlIO..:neii BTyJIKH lV1g nyaHCoHa
l1:HaM6poM d - 1,5-2 MM.
5.9.3.03.. Ha pHe. 53 DpHBCAeua ICOHCTPyKIUlg HanpaBJBIJOHX 3J1eMeHTOB AJIlI JtBYX MH3ICO pacnOJlOJICeHmlX nyaH-
COROD..
5.9.3..04. np0C5HBIC3 OTBepcTHH npoH3BnQHTCJI C npmlCHMOM M3TepHaJJa yCHJlHeM He MeHee BeJIHIIHHhI YCH.1IHg CheMa.
THUOBag ICOHCTPYXl.\IIillDTaMna npHBeHa H3 pac. 54a. 3a30j)hI M MaTpau;eH H nyaHCOHOM npHHHMalOTCil no TaM. 13.
s
5..9.3.05.. ECJIH I < d < 2, TO MOryT 6h1Th npHMeHeHhllteJIDHHe Hanpall7UllOlI\He BTYJlICH B3aMeH HanpaBJHIIOX 3J1e-
MeHTOB no pHe.. 51 H 52. KOHCTPYXll.HS mTaMna C eJlltHoA HanpaBJl1l1OeA BTYnlCOA npHBeHa H3 pHC. 546..

11-6
npee.nbHble OTIUIOHemU. pa3MepoB. He OI'paHH'lCHHLle
onycKaMH. -noHl4Hhl4
PHC 52
Ar
A-A
-
(I.
PHC. 54
Ar
PHC. 53
,A

A-A
I
5.9.4. IIyaHcoHblllJI1IIIypy6xH HeMeTa..JlJlllQeaHx MarepHaJlOB
5..9.4..01. !(JUI Bhlpy6KH Aer3JIeA 83 HeMeTaJIJIH1IecKHX MaTepuaJIOB (ICOJKH. pe3HHH, 6YMam, KaproH3 H T. n.) peKO-
MeeTC5I npHMeH5ITb Tpy6-mfile nyaHCOIm (PHC. 55).
u
PHC. 55
I
I
,
Pac.. 55, a
PRe. 55, 6
Puc. 55, B
JV1D BlJlpy6KH epcTHg;
WID Blipy6KH ICOHTYpa;
__ JJ.JIK Bypy6KH napYXHoro HJlH BHYTpeHHero KOHTypa AeTaJleii H3 TOHKOro MaTepHana, ecJIH C.mmeM
NOHO npeHe6pellh.

5.9.4..02.. 3H31JeHHe yrna a peKoMea.nyeTCSI npHHHM3Th no TaM. 26..
Ta6nHua 26
I

I
.
c:r
HaitMeHoBaHHe U1T8MnyeMoro a
MaTeDHaJIa
360HHT B HBrpe-rOM H"H 8-12-
EYMara.np06Ka.KO)Ks.pe3HHa 16-18.
(l)H6pa, TelCCTOJIHT 4sa
( :f\
t -';--1 -'-"')04K 
PHC.. 56
PMC.. 57
5.9.4.03. TunoBav ICOHCTpyKlUlj( WT3M03 WIJI BlJlpy6KH lCoHTypa AeTaJleA 113 HeMeTaJIJIH'IecKHX M3TepH3JlOB npeA-
CT3BJ1eH3 H3 pHC. 56, a WIJI BHpy6ICH ICOHTYpa H np06HBKH OTBepcrHjI - Ha pHC,. 57.
Bo Hs6eJICaHHe npeeBpeNeHHoro saTYIIJIeHH oyaHcOHa' no 1DT3MnyeMYH MaTepHaJI CJIeAYeT nOKJ1MhlBaTb D.1IIJ-
TY H3 AepeBa TBepoii nopol1H.
5.10. C'bEMHHKH
5.10.01. OCHOBHhleTHDhI CbeMHHKOB lV1j1 BlJlpy6HhlX 1DT3MnOB npHBeJ{eHbl B Ta6J1. 27.
5.10.02. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ICORCTPYJCIUlR lIITaMOa, pa3MepoB nyaHcoH(m H TD.1ImHHY mTaMnyeMoro M3TepHM3
CheMHHKH BlJlpy6HHX WTaMDOB MOryT npHMeRWfLCJI:
a) LVIK CbeMa OTXOOB nOJlOCH c ny3HCOHOB;
6) LVIK T01lHOro HanpaBJIeHHjI nyaHcoHoB.
5.10.03. ECJIH CbeMHHIC. npHMeHjleTCjI TOJlbKO lV1j1 CHKTHjI OTXOOB no.nOChl c nyaHcoHOB, TO 3a30p Me nyaHcoHoM
H OTBepcTHeM B CbeMHHKe AOJIjlteH 6HTb TaKHM, WlT06h1 He npoHCXOHJlO aTSImBaHH MaTepHaJIa no AeHCTBHeM CWI
TpeHHii P TJ) npH CheNe (PRe.. 58).
Ililif cmJlnl4f1g-
mblX njllclJHtJI
no.
....
I
PIIC. S8
PUt 59
; v;. "n W'l-
11,
1#,
,UIIC IJIIQ,.(
Pile. 60
5..10.04. C'&eNHHIC. nparoHgeTC.iI no nyaHCOHY C 3330poM ZI He 6o.nee BeJlHllHH, yK333HH:bIX B TaM. 28.
5.10.05. TOIIHoe H3npaBJIeHHe nyaHcoH3 B CbeMHHKe He06xoJtHMO WIJI o()ecneqelDUl paeHOMepHOro 3a30pa Mex.AY
M3TpHH H nyaacOHOM. 3a30p z2 Me nyaHcoHpN H OTBepcTHeM B CheMHHKe B 3TOM CJIyqae AOJIaeH 6HTb He oonee
saaopa Z Me nyaHcoHoM H M3TPHU.eA. PelCoMeyeMa.51 BeJIH1:IHHa ByXCTOpoHBero 3330pa z2 (pHC. 59) npHHHMaeTC5I
no TaM. 13 C ICo*2mUHeHToM He oonee Ot 8 (%2 - 0,8z).
5.10..06. TOIlHOe HanpaBJleHHe ny8HcoHa B CbeMHHlCe MOeT 6h1Th peKOMea.nOBaHO:
a) B 1DT3MIIaX 6e3 BanpallJljllOHX KOJIOHOIC;.
6) B MHoronyaBcoHHlix W13Mnax C pa3JlH'lllhlMH pa3MepaMH nyaHcoHoB;
e) B WT3Mnax C MaJlYMH paSMepaMH nyaHcoHOB, eCJlH HeB03MOZHO OOeCneqHTIJ He06XOAHMYIO npollHOCTh TOJlhKO S3
C'IeT YCKJlelDUl caMOro nyaHcoHa;
5.10.07. BIIlpe3 WIJI 3axoa DQJIOCH B HenO;:l;BH)kHhlX CheMHHKax npoH3BOHTCjI COl"naCHQ pHC. 60. MeCTO BlJlpea3 BbI-
6HpaeTCJI B 33BHCHMOCTH OT H3npaBJIeHH5I noallH nOJiacH. Ha :nOM )ICe pHCYHKe nOKa3aHa paCCBepJlOBKa CbeMHHKOB
WIJI CTYneHtlaTIJIX nyaHcOHOB.

3CKH3b1
I
 j I -
l . 

V:  t% 
 J
-- I
]

N '"
_1'.1 J
./:/"/
/

... .
. (:0
.
.: "'I .'L... ,

l
, --
T 8 6 JJ If U a 27
.
nDHMeHeHHe
B urrBNnax WlJI neHT H nonoc
B urrBNcnax A1UI WTyIlHblX 38.roTOBOK
# I :.I' T I L IT.0Z  I fi/J'/
 .,   I1 f 
IY//, 1 y// r0'//':w1 ///,/,,,
 ,.tl"",,   i t 
 I : i  T  I' , I 
.. .  I I '  I  -+-  ! :zz,, B WT8Mnax uoro eACTBKII HnH c eep-
7  ,,   I "'1 XHHMnpH}I(HNOM
-
Wff/.hJ W/FM
I
 . ; r:
jr I"t
!t-
V.?:¥ 1 
fJ...//h ' I ' i

.
L-
I 
f'...1 I( i i1i _'"
r .. I. _ .a-,l'" = ft
, '''': -- .,':.....
 I  :. . ;
,1r .' ,
.
r 
I . I
 ,r@
t
    '
I"-' F '
L: 'N 1.'..... .A.:
,[ln51 CheM8 nOJ1WX ,qcTueA np" np06HBKc OTBCP-
CTMM BJ!OHWWKe
To )l(e. O CJJy)KHT HKcaTOpoM no
BII)'1'peHHeMy IC.OHTYPY

3
Ta6nHqa 28
MaKCHManhI 3ap. % .
TOnlltHHa MaTepllaJI3
-
0.1 0,2 0.35 0,5 0,8 I 1,2 1,5 2 2.5 3 4
0,04 0,08 0,15 0,20 0,3 04 0,,5 0,6 0,8 1 ] ,3 1.1
MapKR MaTepHana
Mew- MJlrKaJl Ml, M2,
M3.
AnIOMHHHeBhIA Clln8B
AMu
0,05 0,1 0,18 0,25 0,4 0.5 076 0.8 1,,0 1,3 1,6 2,2
0,06 0,12 02 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,1 It4 1,7 2,3
0,09 0,18 0,3 Ot4 0,7 0.8 1,0 1,3 It7 2,2 2,6 3.5
0,10 -0,20 0,35 0,,5 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,,5 1.9 2,4 2,9 3.9
0,14 0,3 0,5 0,7 11 1,4 1,7 2,1 2 1 9 3.6 4,3 5.8
naTYHh n63, n68
MJlI'l<a.a
naTYHL nc 59-1
M.fiTKaH
Cranb M8POK 10 H 45
panJOMHHHA J];IA
AnIOMHHHeBhIA CIIJ1aB ·
AMu
z
II p H M e 11 a H Ii c. OWlOCTOpOHHHIi 3a30p J_ M oTBepCTHeM C'LeMHKka H nYaHCOHOM He nOfl)l(eH f)hlTh 6cnee 0,5 WHpHHhI nepe-
MJ(H (Ta6n. 8)" 2
5,,10.08. B mTaMnax COBMeIQeHHoro AeHCTBHJI (pHe. 61) H B WT3Mnax C BepXHHM npHXHMOM (pHC.. 62) MaKCHMaJJb-
HhIA aa30p Me C'beMHHKOM H nY3HCOH-MaTpHu.eii Zt npHHHMaeTCJI no Ta6n. 28. MaKcHMaJlhHhIA 3330p z2 Me M3T-
pHu;eii H BYT3JlKHBaTeneM, a Ta){e Mey BHTaJD(HBaTeneM H nyaHcoH3MH npHHHM3eTCJI no Tat)JI. 13 c xo34xJ>HlI.HeH-
TOM Ot8 HJIH no Tafin. 28, B 33BHCHMOCTH OT Tpe6yeMoii T01lHOCTH uanpaBJIeHHK nyaHcOHOB.
5.10.09. BHCOTa ycryna npHHMa h B MM B WTaMnax C BepXHHM nj)HXHMOM (pHe. 62) onpe.I{eJlJleTCJI no cJ>oPMYJle
h = H - s - Ot0 5 ,
(25)
re H
s
TOJIHa HanpaBJUIJOIIUfX IIJtaHOK t MM (Ta6n. 31);
TOJIHHa wTaMnyeMoro MaTepHaJIa, MM.
PHC. 61
1 - CLeMHHIt; 2 - nysHcOH-M8TpHQa; J - M8TPMLUI. 4 - BbI-
T8JlkHUTeJlL; j - nyaHcoH
PHC. 62
5.10.10. Pa3Mepli OTBCpcrHH B HHJlCHeH IIJIHTe H C'heMHHKe nOA cneHanbHHe BHHThI no roCT 18786 HJlH fOCT
18787 YKasaHH Ha pHe. 63 H B TaM. 29.
5.10.11. rJly6HHa HI B MM OTBepcTHJl AHaMeTpoM D B HH»:HeA DJlHTe nOA roJIOBXY cnenHaJIbHoro BHHTa onpe.aenJl-
erc no c»opMYJle
HI =H+h+kzt
(26)
r;:{e H
h
h 2
BHCOT3 roJIOBKH cneIJ.H3JIhHIiX BHHTOB B MM no fOCT 18786 W1H fOCT 18787;
XO C'AeMHHK3, MM;
rapallTlliiHhlii 3330p He MeHee 10 MM.
5.10.12. lJ)JHH3 L B MM cneHa.JIbHIiX BHHTOB onpCACJlsreTCJI no c»opMYJle
L=Hnp+h+hl'
(27)
r;:{e H np - B:&ICOT3 c;«aroA npYJkHHN HJIH pe3HHoBoA: npoKJ]aI{KH, MM;
hI Ot5d.

MM
Ta 6n H 1..\8 29
)J.H8MeT]Jhl BHHTOB YW. ,__ a.- OTBe .. no BHHTLI
r-r
d dl d2 D.
M4 7.1 8 12
M6 9 10 15
M8 12 14 20
MIO 14 16 22
MI2 16 18 24
MI4 20 22 30
MI6 22 24 32
,
PI1C. 63
nOJlYQeHH3J1 WIHHa LOKpyrJljleTCJl1J.06J1HJKaHmero OOJlbwerosHalleHHi: no roCT 18786 HJ1H roCT 18787.
5.10..13.. Pacller BUCOTHI Hop B MM acaTOH npy1KHHY npHBelteH B pa. 11.3 H 11..4, 3 pe3HHOBOH npoKJIa.nKH - B
pa3,n:. 11.6.
5.11. HAnPABJISIIOII{HE DJlAHKH
5.11.01. PaccromiRe Me HanpaBJIKlOIIUlMH DJl3H1CaMH BI B MM (PRe. 64) ODJ)eAeJljleTCJI no c»opMyne
8 1 = (B + z3) ,
(28)
r):{e 8

WHpBHa non:OCH, MM, onJ)eAeJljleTCJI no c»opMyne (5);
S330p. MY (TOOn. 30).
AonYCK Ha paCCTOHHe Me HanpaBJIIOHMH Wl3H1CaMH BI Ha3R3llaeTCK no Hll.
S.11.02.lLn.51 mT3MnOB c maroBYMH HozaMH (pRC. 65a) paCCTOgHHe Me BanpaBJlSIIOIItHMH DJIaHK3MH co cropoHY
Bxoa DOJIOCY BI ODpeAeJlsercg no c»oPMYne (28).
Co CTOpoHY BLlXOJiji DOJI()C'H paccroSlHRe Me HanpaBJIIOHMH DJlaHKaMH B 2 npHHHMaeTCJI paBHhlM pactTOj[HHIO
Me maroBliMH ROJICaMH.
n p H M e q a H He. ,lI.onycKaercK YBeJlMIIHTb co cropoHW 8WXQ.Qa DOJIOChI paccTOmIHe MCJIQO' _ I1JI8HUMH w- KOMneIIC81.\HH
YWltpeHHJI DOJIocw).
Tn6.nM1..\8 30
TC1I11UIHa M8TepHana, s
IImpHHa nC]JOChl
B CR. 0,,5 no I CR 1 no 2 C8 1 no 3 CR 3 no 5 CR 5 no 10
3aPf %3.
o50 0,50 0,75 1,0 1,0 1,,5
CR. 50 no 100 0,75 0.80 1.0 1,2 1,,5
100 ., 150 1.00 1,00 1,2 1,4 2,0
150 , 200 1.00 1,20 1,4 1,6 2.0
200 " 300 1.20 140 1,,5 2,0 21'S
...
ICI
11:1
 
PIfC. fi4
*npH npHMeHeHHH neHTOQHOro MaTepHana JIJ1H noflOC, paJpC38HHhlX HI! MHOroltHCKOBhlX
JfO)l(HH!.tax, YKa38HHWe B ra6nHI1e 3830p" YMeHbWHTb BJ:lBoe.
5.11.03. BlllCOT3 HenO):{BHZHoro ynopa h H TOJIDUIHa BanpaBJISlJODUlX 11JI3HOK H (pHC. 6Sa, 6) BH6HpaIOTC B 33BHCH-
MOCTH OT TOJIIQHHY MaTepHaJl3, HaJlHlll1J1 mTH4noBoro HJlH HoeBOro ynopa H AJIHHW MaTPHlI.hI no Ta6n. 31.
5.11.04. lLn.51 mT3NnOBICB AeT3JleA H3 TOIIKHX MaTepHaJlOB peitOMeHl(yeTCJI eJlaTh YAJlHHeHHye HanpaBJISlIOIQHe
lIJIallKH, CRa6ZeHHhle ycrpoiicrBOM ltJ)JI DpHXHMa non:OCH (pHe. 66).

I
A
r
-.
J f J
..

.
.
_ A
"
.,
.. t " ..
"r . ..'::". - ·
lilt. ',,, ". "'-..:.
V
JI
=1
A-A
--
$....---... G .
..
L
,
PHC. 65
1 - e&eMlDflCi 2 - nyaHCOH; 3 - ynop HOKeaoA; 4 - HOJIC maoo8h1A: S - IIJIUIU H8npaB.11i11UQU: 6 - ynop

Ta6nHI.(a 31
TonUUIHa HanpaBnJltOutHx .IUI8HOK:. H
TOJ11ltHHa BhlCOTa Heno)].-
MaTepHaJla s BH)l(HOro YI10pa rJ»>f wr4»TOBOM ynope H DpH JVIHHe D»>f HO)l(e80M
h M8TpHUbl, L HJIH 8..BTOMaTH-'
. a<OM ynope
,lJ;o 200 01.200
no 1 2
6 10 3
CB. 1 no 2
3
,. 2 7J3
10 15 6
.J 3 ,,4 4
It 4 ..6 6 'Is 20
., 6 " 8 20
8 25
'I, 8 ,.10 25
A-A
-
,
L
A
1 -'1/

I
r
PHC. 66
I - CheNHHIC; 2 - H8npaBJIKIOI1UIIi DnaHJCa; 3 - M81pHUS: 4-
I11I8HICa AJl5I npM*MM8 nanocw; 5 - nOABMJlCHaSI DnaHJCa: 6-
nOTal;: 7 - Hanp8.lUIiIIOSf IlJJ8HIC8 _); 8 - onopa
no.HOA rnaHICH

5.12. YllOPbI
. 5.12.01. YnopH Dpe,u;H33Ha'leHY A1UlorpaHH1IeHHH noJ:\a'lH nonochl. OcHOBHye TROY ynopoB npHBe.AeHH B TaM. 32.
TB6J1MQ8 32
THo.. YOOJ)Oll
3CK.M3h1
III
npHMeHeHHe
I1octORHHwA
rocr 18743
f1)M6KOBW
t.'l///o.:lt VUJH
, I , "=!!'.:'"''-'-
'"""" - '-'""
AnSI urraMfJOB C 
C'heNHHXON H nOCJ1e.,uOB8.TCJIhHOro
eACTBH5I npH pyqHoA o0J1&1Ie M8-
TepHana
tt 54 ;:
nOC'l'OKHHwA Kpl()q)(oo6pu-
HhiA rocr 18745
.

t
 . ",
--
-!...-f T
ctH-_ I: -...
. .
W
To 1Ke. 1t0 B c.nyqae. Kor,A8 OQCa-
OqnylO qaCTb ynopa TpeC)YeTCSI OT-
JUUJH1D OT peJKyw.eA ItpoMKH M8T-
PHUhI
.
YTOIl8IOIQHA co crep)l(HeM
rocr 18747
k- - r-- t
:I I f   
 M .JI · I  l ...". !;I
;f. ,   v..... I 
" r   IL.  I
d.H J '/ J I t g. 
  . ..
. ........
r
  "",,,",  J
" 1I V/////.Ll 
--
AnSI WT8MnOB C08Me IQellllDl'O A-
CTBHJI
YWRPOMA c npyA
HJlH c oBOl npouu-
ltoR roer 18750
sr- .-.t
..! "'J.
-IM9  .. IJWII:
un ""W  u.iII "......." "..... "
I II I 7 ·
, I ·
 , ",\ J
d/ / M)
I1HiSI-II
AnSI UJTaM110B eHHoro eA-
CTBHJI

11poOOIJHUe
noJUlIVKHWA npyJKIOIHYA
II03Bpa TH Oro _ACTBIUI
B  anumu c llen-
UI...wM ClleMHIKON npH R e
)'3KHX ,AeTUeA (or 6 It.O 20 NN)
HeNeHee O.8NM ..
---.-.... '"- ... )
__L___
- G- -\
----i=)
C IIJI&CTHH1Ia1OA
n BOA
C aHIIT080A
BpeMeJlHWA
AnSI 1IItaMQO- IIOCJIQO"TeJIWIOrO
_ACTBIUI npH yCTaIIOac IIOIIOCW
H8 ne.... nepexoA
I.

C Dpy*HHoA
rocr 18741
6ea
MHIaI
nepecraBHoA pery.napye-.
NWH
{   )
1l,n.. YJUI8CPCJIIaHWX orpe3Hwx
III1aMIIM

48
llpoOo.JUCeH..ue
---
ABToMamqeCkMH
AnSI WTaMIJ08 BWpeaHYX H Rocne-
aOB&TC1IItHOro _ACTBIUI. All. eTa-
lieA' N8JlWX H cpeAHHX pa3Mepos.
npM TMIlUIHe M8TepM8Jla He Neace
0.5 NM. npM80NITCJI B AcAcraHe OT
pa60lllero XOM Don3yHa npecca
5 .12.02. KoopHHaThl A H AI pacnOJlOeHHlI nOCTOKHHoro ynopa npH lDTaMIlOJIKe C JlOBHTeneM ODpeAeJ1KIOTCSI:
a) npH paCnOJlo:«eHHH ynopa no pHC. 67 - no c»oPMYJle
D d
A =2 +a +2 +0,1;
(29)
6) npH pacrrOJIOeHHH ynopa DO pRC. 68 - no c»opNYJle
3D d
Al =T+ a -2- 0 . 1 .
(29)
!_ A,
--.- - .1--
Puc. 67
PIfC. 68
5.12.03. KOOP.LIHH3ThI A H Al pacnOJIOeHHj{ DOCTOHHHOro ynopa npH lDTaMnOBKe 6e3 JIoBHTeJIeii olIpeenJlJOTC:
a) DPH paCDOJIOJKCHHH ynopa no PRC. 67 -- no c»oPMYne
_D d
A -- + a + _..
2 2 1
(30)
6) npH paCIlOJIO:KeHHH ynopa no pRC. 68 - no c»oPNY.ne
3D d
Al =T +a- 2 ;
(31)
rJl:e D
d
a
l{HaMeTp nyaHcoHa, MM:
AlfaMeTP ynopa, MM;
IDHPHHa DepeMHqXH B neHTe Mey BHpe3aeMhlMH AeTaJUlMH, MM.

5.13. cI>HKCATOPhI
5.13.01. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT IC.OHCTPYKIIHH wT8MnyeMlix AeTaJleA (pRC. 69, a H 6) (j)HICcHposaHHe 3aroroBOK B WTaM-
nax MOIer OCYW;ecTBJlJlTbC5I:
a) no HaPYKHOMY ICOHTYPY eTaJleH
; J mlIJ
.
.. . I 0'/
.;i. _ . ___ 
Al  *YJ A
-= - -----:: ::==::=:-_V
 '
I
-.D ·
../.
J ",j"
.
6) no 9fJleDCTHSM lIeTaJIel
MaMeTpoM CBblme IS ,,0 30 NM
- b !I!m-I
I
.
HaMeTpoM CBblme 30 NM
lJ,
HaMeTpoM IJ.O IS NM
. 1',
,.
/
,-- 0- -4> - -:-

6
I1)HC. 69
5.13.02.. BeJDIlIl1HH 3330poB A1UI (j)HICcaroPOB npIDI,:mr 8 Ta6n. 33.
Tat5J1Mua 33
NM
-
TOJIIIUIH8 MaTePHana. 3830phl (BIBB - 11).
I WI -dh8); (Dt -Dh8)
,0;01 0.05

CB.I.0,,03.5 0.01
Ca. 3,5 oRO 5.0 0.10
CB. 5.0 oRO 10.0 0,12
5.14. nOB1RTFJIH
.
5.14.01. JIOBIITeJIH DpllMe HmOTC JI B DlT3M11aX UOCJI=OIH1'reJlbROro AelCTBu AJUI (j)HICCHpoBaHH5I 1lOJI0ChI no paHee
np06HTIiM OTBepcrRDI.
5.14.02. AaaMeTp nOBIITe.1m D B NM onpeneJI.SleTCH no cJ>oJ;JMyn.e
D=d--z
A'
(32)
nte d
zJl
HaMeTp np06IDHoro nyaacoHa, NMi
aaaop M nOBBTeJleM R araepcTHeM DlTaNn"yeMOA eT8JlHt NM (pRC. 70).

'hk"'4NIIFr1N'U 1JffJ'PfYnml
[:;:J t::I
PaCKpoH nOJlOCw
....
d
rocr ,arID
PHC. 70
JtCTIUlh
PHC. 71

.
5.14.03. AonycK Ha J1HaMeTp nOBHTeJlSI D npHHHMaercSi no h8. 3Ha'leHHJI 3330pa zn H BNCOThI nOJlCKa h npHBeJ:{eHIJI B
Ta6n. 34.
Ta6.nMl.(a 34
I\4M
TonlQlfH8 MarepHana. 3a30p. Z n BII'COT8 nOCka,
s (Dh8 - d) h
Jl.ol 0,05 0.5
CD. Il).O 1.5 1.0
0O8
CD. 1.5 o 2,0 1.5
CB. 2.0 IJ.O 3.5 2,0
CB. 3.5 o 5.0 0,10 3,0
CD. S.Oo 7,0 0.12 5.0
CD. 7.0 IJ.O 10 7.0
n p H Nell a H He. Pa3Mepbl J10BHTeneH npe,ttyCMOTpeHbl rOCT 18769 H rOCT 18770.
5.14.04. AJlJI ooecne'leHH5I saaHHoro pacnOJlO)KCHIUI oTBepcTHA OTHOCHTeJThHO Hapyoro KOHrypa H paccrojlHHJI
MeX<,Ay OTBCpcrHSlMH peKoMeHAYeTCJI DpHMCHJlTh nOBHTeJ1H Tae B mTaMITax C maroBliMH HOJKaNH. KOJIH\leCTBO JIOBH-
TeJIeH BWHpaeTCSI KOHCTpyKTHBHO. npH CJ10HhlX KOHHrypaUHSlX OTBepcrHH, n03J1eMeHTHOH BHpe3Ke B MHOromaro-
BhIX mTaMnax, pa3Mepax OTBepcrHH MeHbme 1,511J1H 60JIhme SO MM, B nOJloce, B Mecmx OTXOJIa, np06uBaJOTCSI TeXHO-
JlOrHllecKHe OTBepcTHiI AJUI JIoBHTeneii (pRe. 71).
5.15. HOXH mArOBbIE t HO:>KH .lI)IR PA3PE3KH OTXOAOB
5.15.01. JlIaroBhle HO)KH npHMeHIOTCiit B OCHOBHOM, B mTaMnax nOCJleOBaTeJlbHOro AeACTBHil WIg ooecnellCHHJI
T01lHOH nOJ{a1lH non.ochl H nOBlilIIeHHSI npoH3BOJ{HTeJlbHOCTH.
5.15.02. WaroBhle HOH peKOMeH.nyeTCJI npHMeHilTb:
a) B MHoronepeXOHIIIX mTaMnax;
6) DpH He6oJJbmoM mare, KOI';{a HeT B03MOJKHOCTH yCT3HOBHTb DocrOJIHHlie WlH BpeMeHRHe ynoPhl;
B) OpH He06xO,AHMOCTH OOpe3KH O,AHOH HJlH yx CTOpoH nonoc.. A1IJI OOJlYlleHHK AeTaJlH.
5.15.03. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHHrypaqHH AeTaJIH H TOq]f()CTH nOallH B mTaMne MOryr yCTaHaBJIHBaTbC5I OHH HJIH
ABa HOJita. ECJlH npH OHOM HOIe HeB03MOJKHO C033Th ynop AJIJI Blllpe3KH nOCJlelIHeii AeTaJlH, pekOMeeTCJI opHMe-
H5ITb ABa HO:':3.
5.15.04. Pa3MepH maroBhIX HoeH npycMorpeHH roCT 18737. HaHOOnee pacnpocrpaHeHHhle KOHCTPYJ(THBHble
cJ>opMy maroBwc HoeA nOKa3aHhI H3 pIIc. 72.
4x>PMa a HaH6o.nee npocTa B H3roTOBJleHHH. HeJ:{OCTaTKOM JlB.n9eTCJI 06pa30B3HHe CYCHICOB_ npH 33Ty1L'1eHHH HOJICa;
4xJPMa D 6o.nee CJ10JICH3j1; 06pa3oBaHHe «YCHICOB. HClCJIlO'lCHOi
c»oPMa 6 n03B0.;1j1eT YMeHbIDHTb IIJHpHHY OonOChl BBIfJU' OTCyTCTBWI cneL\H3JlbHoro npHnYCKa A1IJI 06pe3KH KpoMKH
maroBHM HOX:OM;
c»oJJMa l TaK]I(e He Tpe6YeT AODOJlHllTeJlbHOro npunYCKa WIJI 06pe3KH KpoMKH maroBYM HOZON, OpHMeHgeTCil B
IIrIaMlJaX e 6o.nhlliHM waroN (cHbIme 30 MM).
5.15..05. CxeMhI paCIIOJlOeHH.SI maroB!iX HO}l(eii H nyaHcoHoB B saBHCHMOCTH or c»opMli wT8MnyeMHX AeTaJleii, a
TaK}Ke paC1leTHye cJ>oPMYnN npHBeJ:{eHIJI B Ta6n. 35.

I I
lUll (J':'IIJ ..."
IIQM
,
f4 -.---
\
roCT 18737 tJ
I"
6"lcmJjn itllil
/HIUle'WII
D5ptJ301tlIlUIl.,JlCU/1.
II11 "eH"' (n_ADc.)
IJID(J'6111
110M
,
IlMr'6IlJ
II(J/If
8
1JJ1l1D''U
IIllM
,
Puc. n

51
T a 611 M I.( a 35
3cJCH3W
WT8M Ae1'IIJIeA
CxeNW pacnOJlO)l(eHHIl waroBIdX "o_eIA
M 8HCOHOB
Pacqemwe
M .lib!
r.
,
Lp =(LH +0.2) :to.1
S= ( L -  ) fj,
H 2 -"4
t 11- 
-''v!.
hl/H-:",fflH/
Lp =(L H +a +0.2) :to. 1
B =(Ln +a)-O.OS
I. If- L
.
4t
Lp =(LH +0 +0.02) :to.)
DpH npHMeHeHMH JIOBH1eJIeA:
T =(LH +a) :to,OS
B =(T +0.2)-0.03
"pH OTCyTCTBHH JIOIDf'reJIeH:

T=(+a):!:2
B =T  
Lp = I.S(D +a) + 0.1
T=(D+Q)% 
,.
npH npHHeHMH {IOBHTeJleH:
B =T+0,2J-003
.
npH OTcyTCTBKH nOBHTeJ1eA:
B=T :
!!. f
Z'
Lp = (2(L H +a)+0.2] O.I
T =(L H +a) j: 
1>
i
I
«t>4'

npH npHeHHI1H {lOBHTC.11eA:
B =T +0.1)-0.03
L H
"'- -- L -: -; - -;:;- .
---
DpH OTtyTCTBHM JIOBM'IeJIeii:
B=T:t. 

Y CJlOB HH e 0603 H a II e HH 9:
?
A
a
T
paCCTOjlHHe Me peYlI1;HMH KpoMKaMH OTBepcTHA B MaTpe no,J:1 nyaHcoH H maroBhlH HOJK (HJlH Mey
OCD4H OTBepcTHH B MaTpHe nOA BHpy6HHe nyaHCOHY H pe:.:eii IC.poMKOH OTBepcrit9 non ID3roBhlH HO)K
npH Bypy6ke CHMMeTpHllHblX AeT3Jleii) I MM;
HOMHHaJIbllHii pa3Mep no 'lepTe:acy lDTaMnyeMOH AeTaJJH, MM;
mHpHHa maroBoro HOJKa, MM;
AQOYCK Ha WTaMnyeM)'1O AeTaJIb, MM;
mHpHHa nepeMH'IKH, MM;
mar Mey AeT8mlMH, MM.
Lp
5.15.06. llIaroBHe HOJUI MOryT npHMeHjlTbCjI Ta)(e B WTaMnax COBMeIQeHHoro AeACTBWI (pHc. 73) WIg noBbImeHHSI
npoH3BoJ{HTeJIbHOCTH.
5.15.07. HOJKH npSlMoYroJJ])HOH HJlH ICpyrJloH c»opMH (pltc. 74,. WI9 pa3pe3KH OTXOOB Ha 06pe3HYX onepa.QH1IX npH-
MeHj{IOTCJI BMecro CbeMHHlCa.
H<mtH YCT3HaBJIHBalOTC9 Bnepe.nH H C33,AH BWlOTHYIO K nY3HCOHY HHJKe ypoBHSI em peym;eii KpoMKH H3 BeJIHIlHHY
h =- (3. ..4)s.
f
Ar

J
11
5
I
I
A-A
I
PHC. 73
1 - BblTaJlKMBaTeJIb OTXO,1Ui;
2 - BhlTlJIlCHBaTeJIb J\eT8JlH;
3 - OTnHn8Tem.; 4- - CheM-
HHK; j - H())K; 6 - ynop Ho-
_eBQA
I
-I

I

rocr 18734
..,
{jj.
PliC. 74

5.16. IIO.lI.KnAJJ:HbIE llJIUTKU
5.16.01. noe IVIHTKH npHMeHglOTC5I B WTaMoax B C1IeJU1IOWHx CJfy1IallX:
a) npH nH3Merpe roJIOBOK nyaRcoHoB 110 10 MM (pRe. 75, a) HJIH npH OCJIa6.neHHH MHTbI BAA onopHOH qaCTblO nyaH-
COHOB (pRe. 75, 6)..
6) ecJIH yltII.Hoe aaBJIeHHe. nepea.aBaeMOe ODOpHOA: qa1O nyaHCOBa HJIH nyaRcoH-M3TpllneA. npeBymaer SO
MIIa (5 Krc/CM ) npH 1IYryJll£HX DJlHT3X H 100 Mna 10 Krc/cM npH CTU),HHX DJlHTax.
nO.AKJl3J(HHe IIJIII11cH cMOTpeHH roCT 16666+rocT 16673.
r' r,
, .
t I
I I
I . I
I I
.
: I 1/ :
i ./
 
'l r
,-,,",",,-,,,,,, ,....,'"",'".....,'""'"
 . . 
j/';;; I'   0
 I   
//h':' ' -//////
 ==  . 
 IX i   '
b...)£ )C '\ 
I .II:
a.
1JA1J",tI n/)I-
I/If(JBItIl/l
5
PHC. 75
5.17. DPOBAJIbHbIE OTBEPCTHJI B nJIHT AX
5.17.01. PasMephi npoBaJlhHoro OTBepcTIIJI B IIJIIITe mTaMDa AOJIJltHW 61iTb Ha 2-4 MM tioJrbme pa3Mepa npoBaJIhHO-
ro OTBepcTlIS NaTpHU.Y (PRe. 76).
5.17.02. HaHMeHhmee 3B31feHHe piUtHyCOB 3aXpyrJleHHII (.r) B npoBaJlDHIiX OTBepcTlUlXCJIeQyeT npHHHMaTb paBHhlM
1,6 MM (pRC. 77, a). npH npoeJC.THpoBaHHH mTaMDOB C TOJIIIgIHoA IIJIHTY (h) CBWIle 2S MM, npoaam.RHe OTBepcTHII C
pa3MepaMH ARaNeTpa d IIJOI mBpHRY b o 16 MM C1Ier BHlIOJD{ftb CTyneHQaTHMH (pRe. 77, 6).
5.17.03. EcmI B DJlHTe npecca BeT OTBepcTIIJI HJIH em pa3MtP" MeHhme OTBepcTIIJI B DJlHTe WTaMDa. He06xOllHMO
CMaTpllB8n CXB03Hye na3M JUl. YAUelDUl."QeTaJleA (pac. 78).
t
.
PHC. 76
1 1 - Mlypm..-a; 2 - n.mna 1IJTbftIa;
J - DJlH11l npecca
PHC. 78
1 - MlypHUS; 2 - IlJ1IfI8. WTaMoa; J - I1JUfT8 npecca




...4
<f6
8
fi
PHC 77
5.17.04. EcmI OTB epc. li e B MaTpaue .KXOHT sa DpeAeJIIII npoBaJlbHoro OTB eJA.--..'ttJI B DJlHTe npecca, npoBaJlbHOe OT-
BepcTlle B DJIHTe DITaMIIa C1IeQyeT BHIIQJlRHTI» no yrJlOM a (pac. 79, a). EcmI OTBepCTHe B MaTe pacnOJIOeHO Ha
paCCTO ]UUUI A - 2D 01' ICpaJl, ro JUl. npoB8Jla OTxcma B IIJIIITe mTaKDa Be06x (WIU O QeJJaTh CKOC DQA yrnoM a (pHC" 79 , 6).
PeJtoMeeMYe 3B31femm a H I npBB=elllll B Ta6JJ. 36.
T afiJlH 1.\& 36
a 30-  «r 45.
3s+ D D D D
, 3,S, +2" 4.25 +2" 5.25 +2"
2

54
5.17.05. JVtIl YA3JIeHH OTXOB B KPYOHOra6aPHTHYX lDTaMlIax, Koma npo6HBaeMHe OTBepcTHSI B wT3MuyeMhlx
AeT3JUIX He COBnaaalOT c npoB8JIhHIJIM OKHOM B ItJIRTe npecca.. peICONeHAYeTCj( DpHMeHJlTh JIOTKH (pHe. 80).
I
"
PHC. 79
1 - MaTpuua; 2 - D1IHT8. wT8Mna; J - rtnHTa npecca
AI--
i
t
A-A
!
PHc. 80
1 - M8'1pHa; 2 - D1IHT8.llI11LMna; J - D1IHT8. npecca;
4 - MaHlCa: J - JlOTOK
5.18. TOJIKATEJDI H OTJlHnATEJDI
5.18.01. npmYAHTeJ1bHoe BIIIT8JJICHBaRBel1eTaJleA H3 MaTpIIIJ.hI, pacoOJlo.eHHoA B BepxBeA lIaCTH lnTaMD3 , ocYlQe-
CT8nSlCTC5I sepXHHM BblT8JJICHBaIOIItHM ycrpoHCT.... Dpecca. H TOJIKaTe.7IeM, ynHpalOWHMC.5I B BhlT8JJICHBalOD1)'1O IIJ13HKY
(TpaBe) t npoxOAslIUYIO 1fepe3 npDloYroJIhHHH npope3 B n0Jl3YHe npecca. (pac. 81).
5.18.02. ,D.mtHa TO.1IlCaTeJlII, 06YCJIaMBBalOa M8ICCHMaJIbHhIii xo BHTaJlKJlB3l()IIteH IIJI8R:KH (TpaBepcli), Bhl6Hpa-
eTC5I C Y'IeTOM IIh1COTH npilMOyroJIbHOro npopeg8 B n0Jl3YHe npecca.. neaqa aaBJIelDUl or TOJIKaTeJUI B3 AeTaJIh ocy-
IQecTB.1ISleTC5I: a) HenocpeaCTBeHHO 1fepe3 BHT3JlXHBaTeJIh -(PRC. 82" 3); 6) 'iepe3 MeJICyroUYe mnHJThKH HJIR mTH
Thl (pHC. 82.6). KOHCfpyKTHBlIYe pasMepHTOJIKaTeJIeii npeIO'CMOTpeHIII mCT 18780.
.
PHC. 81
1 - peryJlHpyeMIdA ynop; 2 - IIhITBJ1KMB8lOl11W1 MaRUi
J - TOJIKaTeJlb; " - XIIOCTOBHJt; J - nOJl3yif. 6 - IIICJIA-
J1hIW
5.18.03. npH DpHMeHeRHH BHTaJlKHBaIOJQero YCTpolCTBa C TpaBepcoA (pac. 83). DOCJIeJlHlO1O peICOMellJ(yeTC5I BIi-
DOJIHIlTh B BHAe 3Be3AO'lKH.
5.18.04.0TJlHDaTeJIH <c6paCIIIBaTeJUI) peKOMeYeTC!I npHMeBJlTb BO BCex WTaMtIaX COBMeD1eHBoro l1eicTBIIJI nPH
Bhlpe3ICe l1eTaJleA H3 MaTepH3Jl3 TOJI uvlttO A MeHce 0.6 MM. KCRCT.PYJCUHH OTJlHuaTeJleA npHBeHH H8 pHe. 84.
PeKoMeHAYeMhle paSMepli d, d. H H npeHY II TaM. 37.
, ,

2
3
t
Tpamepca c perynHpyeMhlMH
ynOpBMH
3aKpenneHHeXBH..
IIOI!Sy1re npecca
II
A
PHC'. 82
1 - TOJUCaTeJ'lb; 2 - BWT8JIJtHB8TeJIb; J - WTH4n"
T afin Hl.\a 37
MM
d d 1 H
3 3,2 9
4 4.2 12
6 6,3 17

""
qo
I
...
':::t
2
PHC. 83
1 - TpasepIC8 (3Be3,no'llca); 2 - WTHT;
J - .lIrrIJ]KU88TeJ1b
PHC. 84
1 - OTnHnaTeJth CTepJKHeBOl1; 2 - OTnHnaTeJIb WapHI:OBblH
5.19. UlTAMnbI )]}IS1 BblPYBKH C nEPCI>OPAl{HEA
5.19.01. npH H3roTOBJIeHHH Aeranei. ocooeHHo NaJIOra6apHTHYx. Tpe6YIOHX HCCKOJIhKHX IDTaMnOB01jHhlX onepa-
lUIH (Bhlpy6Ka c m6KoA H T. A.), He Bcera e.necoo6,pa3Ho npHMeHJlTb CJIOJlCffile KoM6HHHpoB3HHhle mT3MnN. Onep3QH-
OHHaJl mTaMnOBKa SHaqHTeJlbHO nOBNDIaeT TPYl1oet.!(J(OCTb. B 3THX CJlyqasrx npHMeHj(eTCiI WTaMnOBKa c nepjx)p3QHeA.
5.19.02. Cnoc06 onepall)lOHHOH mraMYIOBICH C nepjx)paeH 3aJCJl101faeTCII B TOM. 'ITO KOmyp AeTaJlH Ha nepBoii
OnepalUlH Bhlpe38eTCiI 1!3CTJI1IHO H l1eTaJlb OCTaeTC!I B neHTe. OHOBpeMeHHO Bhlpe331OTC1I nepjx)pIIJ)YlOlD)le OTBepcrHH.
Ha BTOpoA onepalUlH l1eTaJIb OKOH'IaTM!lHO Aopa6aTblBaCTC5I H OT1Ienllerc OT neHTbl. JIeHTa HKCHPYeTC no nepjx)pa-
pyIOIIUlM BhlCTynaM (OTBepcTHSIM).
5.19.03. Ha pRc. 85 H 86 H30f)paJICeHa cxeMa H31'OTOBJIeHIU l1eT3J1H 11 ABYX WTaMtIax: B nepBOM IIpoH3BOJ{HTCSI BH-
py6Ka OCHOBHOro KOHTYP3 H Ha.qcelllCa (6e3 OTJ:{eneHIU l1eTaJlH OT neHThI), a BO BTOpoM - m6Ka H orpe3JCa or neHThi.
A-A
A-A
25
/JeNmtl
PHC- as
PHC. 86
.

5.20. 'IHCTOBASI BbIPYBKA H DPOBHBKA
5..20.01. nOBepXHOCTh Cpe3 npH Bhlpy6xe H npo6olCe l1eranR B OOHlIHHX WTaMnax HMeer 3Ha1iHTeJ1hHYJO mepoxo-
BaTOCTh, 3aBHc1QYJO or YCJIOBRH DITaMIJOBICH (CM. pHe. 14).
5.20.02. YMeRbweHHe mepoxoB a.;rocTH DOBepXHOCTH cpesa MOIeT 6h1Th OCTHrHyro npHMeHeBHeM 3allHCTHIJlX HJIH
Cne1Ul3JIbHIiX mTaMDOB A1UI 'IHCTOBOH Bhlpy6ICH H np06HBKH.
5.20.03. JUI 'IHCTOBOH BHpy6ICH H np06HBICH npllNeHmoTCJI:
a) WTaMnli, HMelOIqHe saICpyrJleHHJl Ita nYaHCOHe H M8TpHD;e (pIIC. 87).
TaKlle D1TaMDY D'plIMeRJDOTCS npH B31OTOUeRHH lIeTaJlei H3 N8JlOyrJlepoHCTOA, OTOeHHoii CT3JIH, aJlIOMHHHe-
BYX H MeoIUlBIO.WX CllJl3BOB, a Taxze lQ)YJ'IIX QIIeTRHX CllJl3BO., npH TOJIunme AO 4 MM.
)J.ByxcropoHlllll3a30P Me M8Tpei B nyaBCOBOM Z - 0.01.. .0.02 14M. He3aBHCHMO or HHH MaTepll3J1a..
])n z A + (O,/.;.Q2}S
1J1f
PHC. 87
PHC. 88
illTaMnOBKa npDH3BOIUna c npHMeHeJIHCM CM831CH (RIUQ'CTPHaJlhHoe M3CJIO DO roCT 20799). Y CHJIHe DITaMIJOBICH
113 10-20 % BWDe 'lJeM npH ooH1lHoA (4JoPMyna 6).
6) IIITaMlIH C nyaacoHoM t nepeKpHB810IIUIM OTBepcrHe MaTpH (Dft > D M ' pRC. 88).
B aHHOM cnyq3e, npH mT8MDOBICe npoHCXO,tIIIT BJlHBaHHe nnaCTHQHoro MeT8J1J18 B OTBepcrHe Ma1pH (no cno-
co6y TaK H33L1B3eMoro DpJIMoro .BJIHBaBHS), npll'leM DOBepXROC'I'It ClCona He 06pa3YeTcJI. npH mTaMIJOBlCe AeTaneii
c ymaMH H BHCTyD8MR DYCJC H8 nyaacoHe npBHHMaeTCJI:
y Bapy :aIlU1( yrnoB (0,2...0.4)s
Y BRyTreHHRX yrJloB (O,05...0,I)s
B HHKHeM nonoxeHBB nyaBcoH He OJIZeH OXOAJlTh Ita DOBepXHOCTR M8TpY B3 0,2...0,3 MM (CM. plIC. 88), a
npoTaJlXHB8HHe llepe3 M3TPHY npoHCXBT CJJeA l1eTaJlhlO.
CJIe,u:eT Y'IBTliBaTh, 'ITO l1eTaJIb DOCJIe BHxoa .3 MaTp penHllHBaeTC!I B pa3MepaX Ha 0,02.. .0,05 MM.
B) qHCTOBaS DITaMnOBKa CTyIIeH'laTHM nyaHcoHoM (pRC. 89).
B ,naHHOM CJlyqae nyaHcoH HMeer YCTyn (dn I'), BWCOTOA (Ah). 1C000paJI MeHLme rJly6HHhI Bl(aBJIHB8HH5I, He06xo-
AHMoro AJlII oopa30BaHH Ha MaTepHaJIe nOBepXROCTH CICMa.
npH TOJIIIUIRe N:aTepHaJIa S - 3....6 MM, a h - 0,5... .0,6 MM. !l:H8MeTP BHCT):D3 nyaHcoH3 ( dn " ) Memme MaTPHItbI
(dM) aa BeJlHlIHHY 3330))3 (z); In{aMerp BHCTyD8IOIQeA 'IaCTII nyaRCOHa (dn ) ooJlhme MaTpHItbl T3KZeB8 BeJIH\lHHy
3a30pa (z). 3Ba1feHHe z - no Ta6n. 13.
nPH paOOqeM XO npoHCXOHT Bhlpy6Ka nyaacoHOM dn ' , ICOTOpwA OOnbme dM. npH 3TOM 3H8'1HTeJlbHO YBeJJH'IH-
B3CTCJI ollar Ae4>oPM3H. npoHCXOHT cJ;:t3BJ1I1BaHHe NeraJlJla B II3JIhROM HanpaBJIeHHH H B03HHKaer HanpSlxeHHe
pa,nHaJIbHOro C)l(3THiI, npengTCTBYlOmero OOpa30BaHHlO ClCaJlYBaIOIIUlX TpeH.
JUI CTaJIH peKOMeeTC!I:
I1h = O,3s; B - (0,4.. .0,5) s; 11 M - 0,1 s
YCHJIHe npH 'DICTOBOii Bhlpy6xe CTyneH\(aThlM nyaHcoHoM B 1,5-2 p338 Bblme pacqeTHoii.
r) qHCTOB3J1 npooHBKa nyaHcoHoM C OCTIX)JCOHeIlHJiM TOp1.\eM (PRe. 90).
Cooc06 npHroeH DJUI np06HBKH OTBepcrHii AHaMeTpOM (d), 6JJH3ICHM K TOJIHHe B lIJIaCTltQHblX MaTepHaJI3X
(d  s).
,: I
.
'"
Puc.89
Puc.90

.
5.20.04. qHCTOBa.sl Blipe3Ka H np06HBK8 npH H3roTOBJJeHHH T01{HIJIX nCTaJIeii THna 3y611aTux peeK. meCTepeH KY-
JlallKOB H T. n.; C mepoXOB31OCTbJO DOBepXHOCTH Cpe3a 0,4-1,6 MKM (roCT 2789) H HHe MaTepHaJIa AO 10....12 MM,
npoH3BOHTCg Ha npeccax Tlx):HOro AeiiCTBHII, lIMelOHX He3aBHCHMoe AJlHeHHe n0Jl3YH3, npHJlCHM3 H BhlTaJ[KHBaTe-
JISI. CXeM8 nOCJleaOBaThHOCTH pa60Thi npHBeHa Ha pHC. 91.
5.20.05. XapaxTepuoii OCo6eHHOCTbIO KOHCTpyKH mT3Mna AJlII npeccoB TpoitHOro AeicTBWI .RBJlSleTC5I KJIHHOBHJ:\-
Hoe pe6po (pRC. 92). 1C0000poe 06ecneQHB3eT DpHZHM wTaMuyeMOro MaTepH3JJa H coa.naHHe HanpSlXeHHoro COCTOJlHH5J
06beMHoro C)KaTHjI B 3QtHe pe3aHHJl, 'ITO HCKJIIOllaeT OOpaSOBaHHe nOBepxHOCTH CKOJIa.
Pe6po pacnOJIaralOT B3 npHzHMe (npl mTaMIJOBKe MaTepHaJIOB BCex TOJIDUlH). Ha MaTpHI(e (npH mT3MnOBKe M3Te-
pHaJIOB TOJIJInlHOH Bliwe 4 11M, IIJIH B3 HH)lCHeM BliTaJIKHBaTene (B 3aBRCHMOCTH OT KOHCTpYJCI(HH WTaMIl3).
5.20.06. J{ByxcropoHHHe 3830pli Me M8TpHueA H nyaBcoHoM 01' 0,005 ,QO 0,02 MM B 33BHCHMOCTH or TOJIIJUlHY
MaTepHaJIa (s); nepeMY'IICH Me AeTaJIJlMH H no KpaKM nQ710CIi (1,5...2 t O)s.
lllT3MnH H3roraBJIHBalOT DOBliweHHOH JltecTKOCTH, MOKH - C mapllKOBHMH R8npaBJIJUOIQHMH (race
146'72. ...rOCT 14674). IllT3MDoBKa npoH3BOHTCSI co cMa3KoH t ICOTOp3JI no,Qf>HpaeTC5I onHTJDiM DyreM.
,
2
, PJ
 p,
a
fA t 
t
fA
, P,
r
B
 PJ
P,
, PJ
t t P.l
p
.tt
e
)I(
3
a
nQ710ZeHHe OCHOBIIIi'X 1I3CTeA WTaMna H 3aroTOBKB nepe
WTaMDOBKOil;
CTOJI npecca C 3alCpeWleHHOH aa HeM BBHeA 1IacThIO WTaMna
BlIZeTCJI K BepxHeA 1f3CTH mTaMna, SalCpeWleHHOA H3 Bepx-
ReA IUIHTe npecca;
KJIHBOBlUtBoe pe6po npHXBMa nOJIHOCThlO BJULBJIHBaeTCJI B
M8TepHaJI no AeicTBHeM YCBJlBII: npHM3 P2;
no A eiCTBHeM YCBJlHSI Bhlpy6m PIC npeoOJIeHHeM YCHJIU.H
l}puTHBO aBJIeHHjI P 3 npoH3BOlIBTCg BHpy6ICa l1eraJIB;
Ha'laJIO 06paTHoro xoa n01l3YHa npecca t l!eT8.JIh OCTaerCIl B
MaTpe;
pa3MHKaBBe w13Mna. BHpy6HOA: nyaHcoH H np B03Bpa-
J<Jra B BCXOJnloe nOJlOJKeBHe, BtiTaJllCHBaIllle l1eTaJIH .3
MaTp;
BepxllHA BHT&1IKHB3TeJlh B03BpaeTC!I B HCXOJ{Hoe nOJlOe-
HHe. ynaJIeHHe l1eTaJlB C:KaTHM B03JU'XOM;
WTaMn H M3TepH3JI nororoBJIeHH A1UI ()qeHoro ItHKJl3
WTaMnOBKH.
t)
8
z, a
e
x
PIA. 91
1 - NaTpHIJ.&; 2 - BepxHHA BWTLIIKKBaTeJlh; J -
npWKHMi , - nyaBooR; PI - YCHJIHe BwpykH H
np06HBut; P2 - YCHJIHe npH*MMa; P 3 - YCHJIHe
npoTHBQ,q8ueHH.
3
u
4L.lJ,l.
I
-
I

R4SA
h OIS S
I  (0.5- --11 0 )lt
PHC. 92

58
5.21. WTAMIlbI .lJ)ISI BblPYBKH 0 npOIJHBKH .l{ETAJIED H3 MArnHEBbIX cnnABoB,
HEPXABEIOII(HX 0 JKAPOnp01JHbIX CTAJlEO
5.21.01. JI.eT8JIH &3 M3rHHeBYX CUJl8BOB mT3MnylOTC B XOJIOJnlOM H HarpeTOM COCTOilHHH, npHlleM B XOJlOHOM CO-
CTOSlHHH lDTaMnYJOTC_ saroroBKH C npHUycxON B3 DOCJIe,qyJOIQyIO 06paOOrKY.
Bwpy6K3 H npOOHBK3 AeT3JleA &3 orozzeHHOro M8TepHaJIa HHOii AO 2 MM npoH3BO)UITCg B XOJIO)l;HOM COCTOSI-
HHH. a eT3J1ei &3 MaTepHaJla TOJI lltU ii 60nee 2 MM - B I13rperoM COCTOtlHHH..
5.21.02. D;ul Bhlpy5KH H np06HBKH AeTaJlea &3 ManlHeBIIIX CMaJK)B pekOMeH.QyeTC!I npHMeHIITb mTaNDhI COBMe-
lQeHHOro l1eicTBHK.
II pH IDT3MnOBKe C HarpeBOM 1IJ13CTHIfIlaTble lDTaMDY He npHMeHSlIOTCjI.
5.21.03. ]Lng CHHJKeHHj( TeMOOTaqH HarpeTOro MaTepH3JJ3 pekoMeH.QyCTC5I craBHTh YTOnalOIQHe onoPhl, 06ecne1Dl-
BalOlItHe B03ymHYIO npocJJoAxy (pHC. 93).
5.21.04. Pe;zyHe KpoMKH Ma1'pHJ1hI JVI BHpy6KH KOHTYpa npH mT3MnOBKe 6e3 noorpeBa C1IeT l!eJJ3Th CKO-
WeHHHMH. a pe3bt50Bllle OTBepcTHSi B C'beMHHKe no cryneH'I3Tble BHHTbI - rnIxHMH.
5.21.05. IIpH 1DT8MlIOBKe C noorpeBOM HCfiOJJJlllTe1IhHHe pa3Mepli neTa.nH L' B MM paCC'IHThlBaJOTCSI C yqeTOM yaun<H:
L' = it) (I +(J),
(33)
r.ne LiJ
{3
pa3Mep no 1feprez.y l1eTaJ1H , MM;
Ko*t>HHeHT, yqHThlB81OJ::QHH JIHHeAHoe pacmHpeHHe npH HarpeBe.
]Lng CDJl3B3 MA8M 3Ba1feHHjI {3 B saBHCHMOCTH or TeMnepaTYpY HarpeB3 npHBe.DeHY B TaM. 38.
OntJpa !JmonaHJU/QII
T a fi JIll It 8 38


.1a2DmDlltQ
TeMoepa'l)'pa fJ TeMnepaTYPa {3
HaqJeaa. HaJ1lCBa.
.C .C
150 0.004 300 0.008
200 0,005 350 0.0096
250 0.0065 400 0,011
PIIt.93
5.21.06. JI.eTaJlH &3 HepJk3BelOlQHX H zaponpo'lllHX cruea IDT8tmy1DTCJ1 B XOJIOOM COCTOJlHHH. ]Lng BOCCT3HOB-
JIeHHg CTPYKTYPIll MaTepHaJIa l1eranH H3 zaponpollHIiX cranea DOCIle lDTaMIIOBKH CJICT nBepraTh TepMRQecKoii 06-
pa6oTKe.
5.22. mTAMIIbI AJlSI BbIPYBKH 0 DPOIJHBKH .nETAJIER 03 THTAHOBbIX CIIJIABOB
5.22.01. ]Lng IIITaMIIOBIOI 00H1IH0 IIpHMe CJlez.yJOlQlle MapICII THTaHOBhlX CDJIaBOB: BT 1-1; BTI-2 H BT5-1.
illTaMnoBKa AeTa.nea DpoR3BO:
a) H3 CMaB3 BT 1-1 - B XOJIOHOM COCTODlHH;
6) H3 CDJl3B3 BTI-2 - C HarpeBOM110 300-400 DC;
B) H3 CIIJIaB3 BT5-1 - B XOJIOJnlOM COCTOSlHHH npH TOJIDUlHe MaTepH8JIa 110 2 MM H C HarpeBOM 110 TeMnepaTYpN
300-400 °C npH TO.1U1\HHe CBhlme 2 MM.
5.22.02. He3aBHCHMO or TeMDeJ>aTYpHoro pe H mo6oii mTaMfiOBOlIHOA onepa (BHpy(5Ka. np06HBK3, rn6xa,
Sa'iHCI'K3, B:bITilXlCa. pa300PTOBKa H Aj>.) Bee l1eTaJlH &3 THT3HOB:&IX CIIJIaBOB nonepralOTCJI Meaonepa'QHOHHOMY H OkOH-
qaTbHOMY OTHry ITa6n. 39).
Tafin Hqa 39
TeMnepa'l)'pa Hal1JCU BpcMJI
MapK8 CIlJlaBl npH OT)KHt Bbl.,Qep*kH OXJI3*JteHHe
.C npH HarpellC
BT1-l HBTI-2 550-600 10-15 NHH ua 1 NM TOJlUtH- Ha B03)JyXe
BT5-1 650-700 Rbi ....repHlJla
5.22.03. Ro H36eaHHe Tpem,HH H3 I'OTOB:bIX ACTaJllIX peKOMeCTCg npeYCMaTpHBaTh npunycx H3 Sa'iHCTKY.

5.23. OCOBEHHOCTH KOHCTPYHPOBAHHJI UlTAMDOB AJISI H3rOT0BJ1EHU5I JJ:ETAJlER
H3 rETHHAKCA H TEKCTORHTA
5.23.01. mTaMIJOBKa l1eraneA.3 reTHH8lCca H TeKCTOJIHT8 1IpOH3BOHTCJI C nQj(OrpeBOM a 6e3 D()rpeBa. IJpeeJ1b-
Ha TOJIunIHa M3TepHaJla, npH ICOTOpoii Blllpe3Ka MOeT npoH3BOAHTlJC1I6e3 oonorpeB3, npHBeeH3 B TaM. 40.
Ta6J1Ml\a 40
n !tHa. 1OJIIJ.\ItItII ....U"MA t'lA. NM
HaHMeHOlllUDte MapK8 AeT8JlH J1eT1U1H np06HBX8. OTBep-
MBTCj)H8JIa MBTCj)H8JIa -= CJIO)ICHoA CTHA
MillY AMaNetpOM
}¥J 5 NM
re11tH81CC Bee MBIIDI 1.5 1,0 1,5
TexCTQJ1HT II creJCCTOJIMT 2,0 · 1.5 2.0
5.23.02. npH BHpy6lCe H np06HBJCe AeTaJleii &3 MaTepHaJIa 6om,meA TQJIJltHHIII, 1feM B TaM. 40, He06xoJnIM npe.t(Ba-
pHTCi.1IbHHii noorpeJt TeMl1epaTYpa H npoao.n &l1.I-eJlbH  DoorpeBa MaTepaana npHBe.AeHH B TaM. 41.
5.23.03. npH BHpy6lCe MaTepHaJIa C DOOrpeBObl YClJl:Ka pa3MepoB, cOBnMalOBX C npoAOJIHIiM BaopaBJIeHBeM
JlHCI'OBOro MaTepH8JIa, HecKQJI!.ICO MeHhme YC3lOCH pa3MepoB, COBnalOHX C nonepeqHHM IBanpaBJIeHHeM. IJo3TOMY
npH mTaMUOBlCe AeTaJleii npilMoyronHIOii eJioPMH paexpoii JlHCT3 H3 nOJlOCY pexoMeeTC!I npoH3BOllHTb TalC. rno6h1
AJUlHa l1eTaJlH COBDa.na c oA JlHCT8. a mapHHa - C mapHHoii.
TafiJlHI(B 41
HaHMeHok8HHe MapKa M8-repxan8 TeMnepaTypa BpeMJll10J1orpeaa
MaTepH8J18 DoorpeBa,oC
D- Dc- .[( 80-90
. .
reTHH8KC 5--8 MHH Ha 1 MM TOJUllHHld
As- BB. DB- fB- .QB 110-120 MaTepHana
I . , 
TeJ<eTal1HT. efIlKJlV.' Bee MlpKH 80-90
ItKCTOJlHT
,
5.23.1. Pac:'1eT _ pa3MepoB M8TpHq H nyaHcoHoB
5..23.1.1. H cno.wun' em.RHe pa3Mepii nyaRCORa L. R MaTp  B MM npH npo(SHBKe OTBepcTHSi B CJlOHCTWX DJIa-
C1'IIQx 6e3 u<morpeB8 MaTepHaJIa onenSlJOTCSI C yqeTOM ynpyroA A*PMaIUlH e DO 4»oPMYnau:
Ln ==(L+  +)n
LA" ==(Ln + z) I
(34)
(34a)
..,.e L
A
n
Z
BOMllB8JlJaBJd pa3Mep OTBepcru IDTcomyeNoA eTaJIII, MY;
AOnyCX Ra COOTBeTC.-. ymDQdt paSMep lIITumyeMoA eTaJIII, MM;
ynpyru  ecIJo.. . 101. OpHeHTRpoBD'DIHe 3Ba1feHlUl BIII6xpalOTCjl no TaM. 42;
OnyCK Ba pa qa:e pa3MepY DyaacoHa (TW. 16);
9830p Me MaTpeA H ny a.lCOB OM: (n6n. 13).
Tafi.n Hl\a 42
I
ToJD.l.tHHa. Manp:aana, . Ynpyru: AecI»OPMILtHJl. e
reTHHakca TekCTOJIHTa
-
lIo0.s 0,02 0,025
CB.O.s ,11;0 1,0 0,02-0,04 0,o25.05
-
JJ 1,0 1,s 0,04-0.06 0.05 -0,08
" 1 2,0 0.06 -o,os 0.08-0.10
J, 2.0 3O 0,10-0.15
.

5.23.1.2. McnOJJHHTeJIhRHe pa3MepH MaTpHU.H  H nyaHCOHa 4. npH Bhlpe3Ke AeTa.neA c noorpeBOM MaTepHa.1J3
onpeJJ;eJJilJOTCII C )"IeTOM YC3lOCH H no C1IeHM pMynaM:
a) npH Bhlpe3Ke HapyJDIoro ICOHTYpa
L = ( L+O ) +<'...
M H/lP t
(35)
L =L -z.
It M ·
(36)
6> npH npof)BBlCe OTBepcrllll
4. =(L +OdJ-d :
It
(37)
L.. =Ln +z,
(38)
 llHAP
OBIt
 AI H It
Z
npHDYac aa pa6cNxe pa3NepH npH Blllpe3ICe HaPYJUoro ICOHTYpa (TaM. 43 H 45);
npHDYac Ra pa601JHe pa3MepH DPB op06RBlCe OTBepcTHH (TaWI. 44 H 46):
OnyCKR Ha pa601JBe pa3NepH MaTp H nyaRCORa (TaM. 16);
9aSOp Me MaTI)'ReA H nyaRcoHoM (Ta6n. 13).
npHIIYCDI II HAP 118 pa6o.me pa3Mepill OTBepc:THi MaTP npH BHpy6ICe Rapymroro ICOHTYpa eT3JIel H3 reTBH8KC3 C
noorpeBOM MaTepRaJla npOeJ:{eHH B Tam. 43.
Tafi.n H 1.\. 43
HOMHHanWfWe plL3-
Mepbl Bldpe31.-
eMoro ICOH'Iypa
)]onyCkH Ha Bldpc38eMl:d1 KOHTYP AeT81Ieit H3 reTHHaKca
2.5
I
TOl1l1.tHH8 MaTepHB.J1a
3,0 , 1,0
h14
h12
1,0
1.5
2,0
1.5
2,0
2.5
3,0
npHllYacH n Hap IIpM BAlpeKe c nOJ1orpcBOM
CII. 1 .u;o 3 ---0.08 -0,09 -o10 -0.11 ---0,12 -Ow 14 -015 -0.16 -Ow 17 -0.18
,
" 3 .. 6 -0,10 -0 11 -OJ 12 -012 -0.13 -0,18 -0,20 -0,21 -0.21 -0,22
, ,
" 6 ., 18 -0,11 -0.12 -oJ13 -0.,13 -0.14 -0,20 -0.21 -0,22 -0.22 -0.23
., 18 .. 30 -0,11 -0..12 -0,12 -0.12 -0.12 -0.23 -0,24 -0,24 -0,24 -0,24
" 30 u 50 -OJ 11 -0,13 -0.10 -OJ10 -0.05 -0.24 -0.27 -0,24 -024 -0,19
., 50 ,J 70 -0,09 -0.09 -O08 --0.07 -0.06 -0.26 -0.26 -0,25 -0,24 -0,24
u 70 J, 80 -OJcn -0,07 -0.05 -0,04 -0,03 -0..24 -0,24 -OJ22 -0.21 0..20
II 80 .. 100 -0,06 -0.05 -0,03 -002 +0..00 -0,26 -0,25 -o23 -0,22 -0.20
. 
.
., 100 ., 110 -0.04 -0.06 -0,01 +0,01 +0.03 -0,24 -0.23 -0.21 -0,19 -0.1 7
" 110 .. 120 -0,02 -OJO 1 +0O2 +0,03 +0.06 -0,22 -0.21 -0.18 -0,17 -0,14
.. 120 ,. 130 -0,03 -0.01 +0,01 +0,03 +0.06 -0.27 -0.25 -0.23 -0.21 -0,18
.. 130 .. 140 -0.01 +0,01 +0,04 +0,06 +009 -0.25 -0,23 -0.20 -OJ 18 -0.15
.
.. 140 " 150 +0.01 +0,03 +0.06 +0,08 +0,12 -0,23 0.21 -0,18 -0.16 -o 12
., 150" 170 +OOS +0.07 +0,11 +0,14 +018 -0,19 -OJ 17 -0,13 -0,10 -0.06
'. 170 " 180 +0,07. +0,10 +0,14 +0,16 +0,21 -OJ 17 -0,14 -0,10 -008 -0.03
" 180" 190 +o,OS +o,()8 +0.12 +O.lS +0,20 -O22 O,19 -O1 5 -0.12 -0.07
" 190 .. 210 +o,()9 +0,12 ,17 +0,21 +0,26 -0,18 -0.15 -0.10 -0,06 - 0,01
.. 210 ., 220 +0,11 +0.14 +0,20 +0,24 +0.29 -0.16 -0,13 -().07 -0,03 +0.02
" 220 n 230 +0,13 +0,16 +0,22 +0,26 +0.31 -0.14 -OJ 11 -OOS -0,01 +(),04
-
., 230 ,. 240 +0,15 +0.19 +0,25 +0,19 +oJ 3 S -012 -0,08 -0.02 +0,02 +().08
-
.. 240 ., 250 +0.17 +0.21 +0,27 +0.31 +0,38 -0,10 -0,06 -0.00 +0.04 +0.11
n P H Nell. H M e. fiPH no.qcqere HCJ1W1HIf1'eJWIWX pa.Dle poB NaTpJW.W BeJlH'lHHW co SHaKOM MHH)'C BW'IHT8IOTCSI H3 HOMIfJf8JIbIK)r pa3Nep8 e-
'l'anH; Be.nH1IHIIY co 8HUOM J1.1IIOC npMlSunlllOTCg It HONMJWIWIOMy pa3Nepy eTIJIH. aanpHNeP, npH BWpe3lCe .DenLIIH pa3NepoM 150x20 NM C ,Aony-
"OM no h12 HA nmtHaICc& 'I'OJIUJ)OIoA 2 NM  p83Mepw ....Tpw plBHW
L l = 150 +0,06 = 150.06MM ;  =20-0,12 = 19.18MM.
npHIIYCDI n 8R B3 pa60'IHe pa3MepH nyaacoHoB npH npOOHBKe OTBepc:THi B l1eT3JlJIX &3 reTHB31CC3 C n()orpeBoM
MaTepHaJIa npHBeeBY B TaM. 44.

T B fiJl H 1.\8 44

AOnYCKH Ha OTBepCTHJI B aCTaJIJIX H3 reTHHaKca
HOMHHaJILHJde ,
pa3Mep&1 Hll HI2 Hl4
np06HB8eMIdX
omepcrHR TOJIll.Uum M3TepHana
1,0 1.5 2.0 2,5 3.0 1,0 ..1.S 2,0 2.5 1,0 11,0 I,S 20 2,5 3.0
DpHIIJ'CKH D BH npH npo6HBKe c nO.[J.orpeBOM
-
c.. 1 no 3 0.07 0.08 0,09 0.)0 0.11 0.12 0.12 012 0.13 0,14 0.25 0,25 0.25 0,25 0,25
3 .. 6 0.08 0.10 0,11 0.12 0.14 0,]6 0.16 0,16 0.16 0.18 0,30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0,30
.. 6 ., 10 0.10 0,12 0.13 0.15 0.17 0,20 0,20 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.36 0,36 0.36 0,,36 0.36
n 10 " 18 0,.14 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.22 0,24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0 7 28 0.43 0 7 43 0,43 0,43 04]
--
7' 18 ., 25 0,16 0.18 0,21 0.23 0.26 0.28 0,28 0.28 0.30 0.33 0,52 0,52 0,52 0,52 0,52
." 25 I, 30 0.17 0.20 0.22 0,25 0,29 0,28 0,28 0,,30 0.32 0.36 0,52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0,52
--
.. 30 II 40 0.21 0.24 0.27 0.32 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.4) 0,44 0,62 0.62 0,62 0.62 0,62
-
" 40 . r 50 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.34 0,40 0,34 0,36 0.39 0.43 0,49 0.62 0.62 0,62 0.62 0.62
., 50 . 60 0.28 0,32 0,36 0,40 0.47 0.40 0.42 0.46 0,50 0,57 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0,74
II 60 III 70 0.30 0,3S 0.39 0,44 0.52 0,40 045 0,50 0,54 0,62 0.74 0.74 0,74 0 7 74 0.79
,. 70 . 80 0.33 0.38 0,43 0,48 0,57 0,43 048 0.53 0.58 0.67 0.74 0,74 0.74 0.74 0,84
-
II 80 " 90 0.36 0,42 0,47 0,53 0,63 0.48 0.54 0,59 0.65 0.75 0,87 0.87 0,87 0.87 0.9S
II 90 ., 100 0.39 0,45 OI 07 0.68 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.80 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.95 10
n pH N e 'I B Hit e. DpH nOClfeTC McnOJlHHTeJl.HOro pa3M€pa nyaHcoHa npHnycKH npH6aanmorcR JC: IfONJIII8JIIH)M puMepy oraepcmtl. HanpH'
Nep. npH np06HBlCe OTBepcntg SHII. reTHH8.KCe TOJI.IqHHOM 2 MM C nO)\OtpeBON ....repHaJIa McnonHHTe.nhHWA puMep ny_RCOUOB pa&eH
Dft =5 +0.11 =5.11MA.
npHnYCkH n nap Ha paOOIlHe pa3Meplll MaTpHq npH BHpy6ke ICOHTYpa l1eTaJlea H TeKCTOJIHT3 H crelCJlOTeKCTOJIHTa .
n()rpeBOM Marepllana npHBeAeHY B Tam. 45.
5.23.1.3. MeaoceBllle paCcroilHlliI L B MM IIJOI nJ.'yme pasMepH. He H3MeHtIIOIlIJIecJl npH H3HOCe lDTaMD3, onpeeJUIIi
IOTCiI:
a) npH lDTaMIlOBKe 6e3 n()rpeBa MaTepHaJla no 4q)MYJle (24) H -raM. 15.
6) DpH WTaMDOBlCe c noorpeBOM no pMYJ1e
L = LH(l + K) :!: O,5L\,
(39)
e L.-
A
K
HOMHlla.JThHHA pa3Mep wT3MnyeMoii l!eT3JIH. MM;
AonycK B3 COOTBeTCTBYlOlIlHA pa3Mep mTaMnyeMoii l1eT3JIH. MM;
lCoo4xj)D,HeHT. YQHTNB3IOIIIJI:A: YC3AICY (TaM. 47).
T B fin Hlta 47
TOJIIItHHa K
MDepHaJl8. S An- lVIJi TeXCTOJIHTa H
NM reTMHaKC8 CTeICJIO'I'eKC1
1 0J)01 0.0007
2 0.0015 0,0010
3 0.0020 0,0015
5.23.1.4.llJul .cex OCTaJlhHIiX CJlyqaeB paCqtr HCDOJIHHTe.1IhHhlX pa3MepoB npoH3BTC no cI>oPMYJlaM., yxa3aH-
HhIM B Tam. 15.

62
Ta6J1M1.(8 45
AonycKH Ha B&Ipy6acM?J1t J«)HTYP eTancA H3 TtkCT01lHTa
HOMHJ{aJI.HItIe pa3Mepbl hl2 I hl4
Bldpe3aeMoro J<oltTYpa TOJIlUHHB MaTepmna
2Jj 2.5 3,0 I 2.0 2.5 3,0
npHIIyCKH n Hap npH BLIpy6Ke c nUJ1,orpeBOM
CD. 1"0 3 -0.13 -0,15 -0,17 -0.19 -0,21 0.23
3.., 6 -O,lS -0,17 -(),18 -0.24 -0.26 -0..27
6" 18 -0.16 -0,18 -0,19 -0.25 -0,27 -0.28
18 30 -0.16 -0.17 -0..18 -0,28 -0..29 -0.30
30 h SO O ,15 -0,15 O,lS 0,29 -0,29 -029
50 h 70 -0.14 -0,13 -0,12 0,31 -0.30 -0.29
70 II 80 -0.12 -0,11 -0.10 -0,29 0,28 -0.27
80 .. 100 -{).l 1 -0,09 -0.07 -0.31 0,29 --{),27
n 100 h 110 -0.09 -0,07 -0,04 0..29 0,27 -0.24
110 '. 120 -{).O8 -0,05 -0,02 -0,27 0..24 -0,21
u 120 ''I 130 -0.07 -0,04 1 --0.01 -0.32 0,29 -0.26
130 " 140 -0 , 06 -0 . 02 +0.01 0.30 0.26 -0.23
140 " 150 -0,04 I +0 ,00 +0,04 0,28 0,24 -0,20
150 ,. 170 +0.00 +0,05 +0.09 -0,24 0,19 -0,15
170 . 180 +0 .00 +0.06 +0,11 -0.22 -0 7 17 - 0.12
180 ,. 190 +0.02 +0.07 +0.12 -0,27 -0.21 -0..16
190 , 210 +0,04 +0.10 +0,17 -0.23 -0,17 -0.10
7' 210" 220 +0,06 +0,13 +0.20 -021 -0.14 -0,07
220 ,1 230 +0.08 +0.15 +0,23 -0.19 -0.12 -(),O4
II 230" 240 "'0,10 -4-0.18 +0,25 -O17 -0,09 I. -0  O2
.., 240., 250 +0.12 +0,20 +0,28 -0.15 -0.A>7 +0,01
n p If M e If a H H c. UpH nOACIJeTe HDlOJIIUft"e.JIWIhlX pa3MepoM MaTJulIJ.hl &eJlMqMllbl co SHaKOM MHIIYC BhlqMTaIOTCR M3 HOMHH3JIhHblX pUMepoB
CTaJJH; &eJlMqUHhI co SHaXOM MIOC npH6aBJIIiIOTCSlIC HOMHH8JlhHOMY pa3Mepy ,ReTaJlH. HanpHMep, npH Bblpy6Ke JteraJul 250)(20 MM C AOnyCKOM no h12
H3 TCKCTOJIHT8 TonHHOA 2 MM HCI1DJIIIHI'e.I&Ie pa3Mtpw MaTpHu,w paBHw
LI =2S0TO,12=2S0..12M.Mi
 =20-0.16 = 19,84MM.
npHlIycKH BBH B3 pa601lHe pa3MepH nyaHcoHoB npH np06HBKe OTBepcnrH B AeTa.}IjlX &3 TeKCl'OJJHT3 a CTeKJIOTeK-
croJ1wra C DOrpeBOM MaTepaana npHBe;:teHhl B TaM. 46.
Ta6J1M1.(8 46
lIonyclCH H8 OTBepCTId B JteT3JUIX H3 TCI<CfOJ1HT8
HOMHH8J1LHb1e pa3Mep&1  ] A5 ( A7
npo6HBaeMldx oTBepCTHA
TOJJlUHH3 Ma1'CpHVJa
2,0 2,5 _ 2,0 2,5 3.0 J 2,0 2.5 3,0
DpHnycKI! D EH npH npo6HBKe c no.p;orpeBOM
CB- 1 no 3 0,12 0,14 016 0.15 0,17 0 7 19 0.25 0,25 0.25
3,. 6 0.14 0,16 0.18 0..18 0.20 0,22 0,30 0,30 0..30
6.. 10 0.16 0,18 0,21 0,21 0,23 0,26 0.36 0,36 0.36
10 " 18 0,19 0,21 0.24 0,25 0,27 0,30 0,43 0,43 0.43
18 ., 25 0,21 0.24 0.28 0,28 0,31 0,35 0,52 0,52 0,52
25 ... 30 0.23 0,26 0.30 0,30 0.33 0.37 0,52 0,52 0.S2
30 II 40 0,26 0,30 0.34 0,35 0.39 0.43 0,62 0.62 0,62
40,. 50 0.29 0,33 0..38 0,38 0.42 0.47 0,62 0.62 0.62
50 JI 60 0.34 0,38 0,44 0.44 0,48 0.54 0,74 0,74 0,74
60" 70 0.36 0,41 0,47 0.46 0,51 0.57 0,74 0,74 0.74
70 .. 80 039 0,44 OI 0.49 0,54 0.61 0,74 0,74 0.78
80" 90 0,42 048 0.55 0.54 0.60 0.67 0,87 0.87 0.87
90 n 100 OA5 0.51 0,59 0.57 0.63 0,71 087 0,87 0.91
n p H N e 'I a H If e. OpM nO.AqeTe ItCI1O.1IHI1TeJ .pa3Mepa nyaHcoHa p83Mepbl npHnyckoB np.roaaIJKlOTc. IC HOMIIH8JIhHOMy pB3Mepy orsep-
CTHR. HanpHMcp, npH np06HlKe OTBepcntll 5Hl1 B 'J'eICC'TOJIHTe TOJII1\HHOM 2 NM C noorpeBOM ....TepHua IICI1OJDU1TeJ1WWH pB3Mep nyaHcoHa pa&eH
Dn = S +0.14 = 5,14 MAl ..

S.23.2. Bbl60p KOHCTPYXQHH WTaMn8
5.23.2.1. npa Bype3lCe HJIH np0(5HBxe lteTaneH lIS reTHHaKca, TeKCTOJlHT3 H creKJ1OTeKCTOJIHTa peKOMeH.AyeTCSlIIpi-
MeHSlTh CJIYIO:JI(He XOHCTPYKUHH mTaMDOB:
a) nOCJleOBaTeJlhHoro lteHCTBHII C BepXHHM npH=«:HMOM;
6) COBMeeHHoro AeHCTBHII;
B) cneQHaJlbHlJle.
5.23.2.2. WT3MUM nOCJIeOBaTe.JIbHoro eHCTBIUI c BepXHHM npHHMOM peKOMes WUI BHpe3ICH l\eTaJIeH H3
rerHH3Kca TOJIIItHHOH AD I MM H TeKCTOJIHTa AD 2 MM npH paccroHHHH np06HsaeMIIIX OTBepCTHH OT KpaillteTaJIH He MeHee
(1,5...2) S, rne s - TOJIIItHHa MaTepHaJIa.
5.23.2.3. IlIT3MnhI COBMeeHHoro ltCHCTBHII peKOMeg WIll BYpy5KH lteTaJIeA H3 reTHHaKca TOH CBhlIDe
I MM H TeKCTOJIHTa CBblme 2 MM, a T31C.:.e WIll AeT3JIeA c.nO)l(HOH KOH4>HryPaIUIH H3 MaTepHaJla TOJIHHOH MeHhme yxa-
S3HHOH HJIH AJI lteT3JIeH C OTBepcrHKMH. MH3KO pacnOJlOeHHh[MH y xpail.
5.23.2.4. K cnenH8JIhHJJIM KOHCTpyKD-H.5IM mT3MnOB OTHOCilTC.I mT3MnhI co ClComeHHHMH peZYIQ.HMH rp8iU1MH MaT-
PHIJ.Y. OOecne'lHBalOe DOJIYlleHHe 6cmee QHCTOA nOBepXHOCTH Cpe38. 3TH IUT3MDH peICOMeeTCSI npHMeHKTb WISI
Bhlpy6xH HS reTHH8Kca TOJIHoi CBHme 2 MM lteTaJIeH aaKpyrneHHoli 4»oPMH.
}{OHCTpyHH T3ICOro mT3Mfia H306paJICeHa H3 pHC. 94. YroJI c]Coca peJICYIQHX rpaHel MaTPHD;H paBeH 45 11 .
Anll TOro. 'QT06h1 He npoHCXOJ{HJJO aaTYlUleHHe peylItHX rpaHei NaTpHlUJI npH CJlyqaitHoM BICJIIO'IeHHH npecca 6e3
YCT8HOBKH mTaMl1yeMoro MaTepH3Jla, peKOMeHJ1YeTC.SI YCTaHaBJIHBaTb orpaHH1IHTeJlhHlie ynoPY. Topu.oBaJI nOBepx-
HOCTh ynopoB ltOJlHa BHCTyBaTb Ha,D; 3epKaJlOM MaTpHlUJI Ha BeJIH1IHHY HecKQJlhKO NeHbWYIO TOJIIQ;HHY wT3MnyeMoro
MaTepHaJIa. OrpaHH1lHTeJlbHHe ynopy pacnOJlOeHIJI TaX. 11'00 OHR He npengTCTBYIOT npHJltHMY nOJlOCH npH Bhlpe3Ke
AeTaneH.
db
A
-
.
,
PMc.94
5.23.3. PaCWIeT YCHJlHJI npHJKHMa, KOHCTPYKQHK npH)(HMHYX YCTpoHcTB
5.23.3.1. B eJljlX nOBHmeHHK Ka'IeCTB3 nOBepXHOCTH cpe3a, npeOTBpaeHIUI TpeHH H 4CBWIYQHB3HHSI» (pacCJI
eUHII) MaTepH3Jl3 npH np06HBxe H Bwpe3Ke B mT3Mnax He06xoJ:(HMO npHMeHeHHe CHJlbHOro npllJKIDdHoro YCTpoiiCTBa.
5.23.3.2. YCHJIHe npHZHMa P np B ICrc onpeJllIeTCSI no cIJoPMYJle
Pnp qnP'
(40)
r;te qnp
L
S
2
aBJIeHHe Mna (Krc/MM ) (TaM. 48);
nepHMeTp cpe3a. MM;
TOJIII{HHa MaTepH3Jl3, MM.

T a 6 n .H It 8 48
S.MN Qnp Mna (K['C/MN 2 )
o 1.0 6.0-10.0 (0.6-1.0)
Ca. 1.011.0 2.0 10.0-15.0 (1.0-1,5)
CB 2.011.03.0 - 15.0-20.0 (1.5-2.0)
n p M Nell a Hit e. nB8.pHTeJIhnoe CJK8nte OPHJKHMHWX ycrpoAcn (npY.HH H.1IH peJHHbI) J(QlDKHO &.rn. PUHO paCqe'J1JOMy YCMJIItK> npH)l(HM8.
5.23.3..3. KOHCTPYKHII npHXHMHX YCTpoHCTB B6HpaeTCjI B 33BHCHMOCTH OT YCHJlHii npIlZHM3: npH BeJ'IH1.[HHe
pacqeTHOro YCHJIHII npHIHMa OT 30 AD SO H (ICrc) MOryr npHMeHllncJl cnHpaJlDHHe nPYJltIUlH, a CBYWe 50 H (ICrc) -
pe3HHOBWH 6yp HJIH TapenbWlaTwe npYHHhI.
5.23.3.4. .I{aaneHHe npHIHMa CJlCJQ'eT COCpWlHTb B03MDHO ooJlte K peYIIJ.HM KpoMlCaM nYaHCOHa H MaTPH-
Ubi. .lVut 3TOro aa CbeMHHKe pelCoMeH..QYeTCSI npeJJ:YCMOTpen BHCTyna.IOIQHe neHTO'IKH mHpHHoii 2.. .3 MM H BHCOTOH AD
1 MM (pHC. 95).
5.23.3.5. Bo H36e:.:aHHe BYlIYIlHBaHlfil MaTCpHBJl3 npH np06HBKe pa3Mep OTBepcTHH B C'heMIlHKe CJ1e.QYeT npHH1ITb
paBHJiM pa60IlCMY pa3Mepy nyaHCOHa (pllC. 96).
PHC. 95
PIiC. 96
1 - nyaHCOU; 2 - C'beM-
HHK; 3 - AeTBJIII
5.23.4. CDopMa 38TO'IIH nyaHcoHOB
5..23.4.1. B Tex c.ny1l8j1X, Kora Tpe6yercj[ YMeHhIUHTb YCRJlHe npH npOOHBKe OTBepcTHH, peKOMeeTCSI KpHBO.1IH-
HeAuail 4»oPMa 33TO'IICH nyaHcoH3 (pHC. 97).
5.23.4.2. KpHBOJIHHeAHail4»opMa 3aTO'lKH nyaHcoH3 peKOMeJQyeTcK H B Tex CJ1YQ3HX, ecJIH B AeT3JIjlX H3 reTHHaKca
TOJIHHOA CBhlme 15 ),1M np06HB3JOTCH HeclCOJIbKO MH3KO pacnonOJICeRHliX HeOOnbmHX OTBepcrHi, a TaKxe. Kora OT-
BepcTHlI HMelOT npliMoYOOJIbHYIO cIJoPMY 6es 33KpyrneHHA HJlK C He6o.ru,WHMH HycaMH 3aKpyrneRR yrJlOB.
I
Co

Puc. 97
5.24. nPHMEHEHHE CAMOTBEPAEJOI.QHX nJIACTMACC B IDTAMnAX
5.24.01. C ne.nblO CHHeHWI TpyAoeMKOCTH H3roTOBJIeHHSI mT3MDOB H nOBlJIIIIemu: TO'IlHOCTH npHMeHJlIOTCK alCpH-
nOBe caMOTBepAelOInHe DJJaCTMaCC:bI: CTHpaKpIfJI TIII H aXpHJIaT TeXHH'IecKHH ACT - T, a TaI<.&e 3DOKCHnHyA KOMna-
y 3K-340.
5.24..02. CTHPaKpIfJI TIII H aKpH]ldT ACT - T npHMeH5IIOTC WIll IIOJlY'ieHHSI HellO.IIJlHHIJIX COeJUlHeHHH nll 33-
KpelVleHHII nyaHcoHoB B nyaHcoHOepaTene) H I1DBIaCHYX Coe,tOlHeHHH nll 06pa30BaHHK OTBepcTHH BhlCOKOH T01I-
HOCTH B aaupaBJUllOlItHX BTynKax KOHQeHTpH1iHO uanpaBJIRlOIIIHM ICOJIOHK3M B 6J1oxax, WIll TCNHOro H3npaBneHHII ny-
aHCOHOB B CbeMHHKe H AP).
5.24.03. HH3KHH Ko34xPHHeHT 1'peHIfil caMOTBePAelOntHX IIJI3CTMaCC nO CTaJIH 06ecneq}!s3e-r BhlCOICYIO H3HOCO-
CTOHKOC'Th HanpaanlllOlItHX nosepxHOCTeft B IIDBHHblX Coe,tOIHeHHSlX. a He3Ha1lHTeJlbHlJie BeJIH1IHHH YKH npH OT-
Be)D01eHHH - Me BeJlH1IHHIJI 3330poB.
5.24.04. 300KCH.QHhlH lCoMnay 3K-340 06aeT BhlCOKHMH anre3HOHHYMH CBOHCTBaMH H npHMeHjleTCSI B mmM-
nax HCK1II01BITeJlhHO WIll HeIlO):{l\H1JIX cOHHeHHii (33lCpelVleHHe KOJIOHOK H 8TYnoK B IL'IHT8X &OI(OB. nyaHcoHOB H
HO)t(eA B nyaHcoHOepzaTenllx HAP.).

65
S.2S. IIITAMDbI 3A'IUCTHbIE
S.2S.1. Ha3H31leHHe H 06J18cTb npHMeHeHHJI 38'1HCTHhiX WTaMDOB
5.15.1..1. 3a-mCTHwe lDTaMlIhl npHMeH.sIlOTCiI B Tex CJIYQ3i1X. KOr,na B npeJ{BapHTeJIhHO Bhlpe3aHHYX ACTMIIX Tpc6y-
eTCII nOJlytlHTh:
a) BHCOKyJO IlHCTOTy H nepneHAHKynRpII)'1O K JI]lOCKOCTH lJ.eTaJIH nOBepxHOCTb cpesa;
6) 6wtee BhlCOKyK) TOIlHOCI'b no CpaBHeHHIO C DOJIyqaeMoH H3 o6li1lHhlX BblPY()HblX IDTaMIIax.
5.25.1.2. BUM. 49 npHBeJ{eHY peKoMew.yeMble OneItHH H 06naCTH npHMeHeHH5I mTaMnOB WIH IIOJlYQeHHB
mTaMnOBaHHliX AeT3JIeH C mepoXOBaTOCTIJIO 3,2 H 0,80 no mCT 2789.
5.25.1.3. IIIepoxomaTOCTh nOBepXHOCTH nocne 33QHCTKH:
a) npH TQJ1lD)111e MaTepH3Jl3 AD 3 MM He BHme 0,80;
6) DpH TOlIIQHHe MaTepHaJIa CBsme 3 AO 5 MM - He BHme 1,6;
B) DpH 33'lHCTKe J1.eTMeH H3 BeTHhiX MeT3JJJ10B H cnnaBOB Q,Y-O.2Q no mCT 2789.
5.25.1.4. TO'lHOCTh AeTaneH nOCJle 33QHCTKH B mTaMIl3X C ilfjHJKHM COOTBeTCTBYeT 8-MY KBaJIHTeTY, a nOCJle 33-
WCTKH ,.Ra npoBaJI" - 10-11 KBaJlHTeTaM.
5.25.1.5. OnepaIJ.IDI 33QHCTKH conpoBoerc CH5ITHeM TOHKOH CTPYJlCKH c aapYJKHOH HJIH BHYTpeHHeH nOBepxHO-
CTH 06pa6aThlBaeMoH AeTaJIH peYHMH KpoMK3MH MaTpH HJIH nyaHCOH3.
5.25.1.6. npH 331lHCTke mpYJKHOH nOBepXHOCTH (pHc.98) 3aroroBKa 2 c pa3MepaMH me pa3MepoB MaTpHbl3
H3 BCJIH1IHHY npHnYCKa noAeHCTBHeM nyaHcoHa I Bl{aBJlHBaerc B NaTpHuY.
5.25.1.7. TIpH 33-mCTKe BHYTpeHHeH noaepxHCCTH (pHC. 99) nonyqaeMa CI'PYlCa He pa3pWB3eTCSI, a npHHHMaeT
clx>PMY TOHKOCTeHHYX Tpy60'llex.
Ta6nHI..\a 49
HaHMeHOBaHHH TOJluunm OrHollicHHe (I)OPMii nOBepXHOC'!1t TsepJtoCTh nosepXHOCTH npHMeHeHHe
onepaltHR: MaTepHaJ13, TOJIII..UlHId MaTe cpe3a cpe3a
MM pH8J1a K JJ;1IHHe
l1.eT3J1H (AH3-
MeTpY)
BhIpYJ(a c 3aljHCTKOA B O,S -S Or 1:1 C OcrphIMH HpOM- OJJ;HHRKOBaJI no cpaBHe- B I.laCoBol: npOMhtJWleHHocT
WTaMDe JtO 1 :1000 KaMH HBIO c .opYnlMH nOBepx- TO'lHOM MamHHO- .. npnopc-
HOClj[MH J1eTaJIH crpoeHHH
BhIpYJ<8 H 06JKaTHe B 1-8 Or 2:1 E e3 OcrpbIX KpOMOIC nCBLlWeHHaJI no cpaBHe- nnR DpeAMeTOB YKpaweHH
M8TpHLte C 3aKpyl"neHHLIM 11.0 1: 1000 HHIO C JlPYI'HMH nOBepx- OpneHoB H T.D.
I<paeM HOCTJlMH 1\eTaJIH
.
BhIpYJ(a c npHMeHeHHeM 3-20 Or 4:1 C OCIpJill'dH KpoMK3MH nn. CH»IdIO H&rpY)I(eHHhIX JteTa-
CHJUdI()ro nplDlCHM8 IDT8M- O 1: 10 O 1: 10 neB MeXaJlH3MOB B TOtiHOM
DyeMoro MaTepHBJIa MaWIUID- H npH6opoctpoeHHH
Puc 98
PHC. 99

1 - nyaHcoH; 2 - d)pa-
fiaThlBAeM851 T8Jlbj 3 -
crpY*K8: 4 - NaTpHl..\a
S.25.2. DpHOYCICH Ha sawcmy
5.25.2.1. AByxcropoHHHe npHnyCKH y H3 nepBYIO 33WCTHYJO OlIepalUUO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT clx>PMhI 331jHIIUteMOH Ae-
TaJIH npHBeJ(eHli B TaM.. SO. npH OJJ;HOkpaTHOA 33QHCTlCe ltBYXCTOpOHHU TOJIIItHHa CHHMaeMoro cnOj( T B MM (pHC. 100)
olIPeAenjlerc no cIJoPMyne
T=y+%,
Qe % - BeJlHIIHHa CKOJIa t pasHa51 3330py Me MaTpHeH H nyaHcoHoM (TaM. 13).
(41)

f
.".InfJ'''lNli 1«111"'11'
t
IItlpg)J(N/)/U I(HmJlP
f
J
T
2
Puc. 100
Ta6nHI.\a 50
Q)opMa .3aQmuaeMoA ACTaJIH
.Il.BYXCTOpOHHHe IIpHnyCKH Ha nepBYIO
38'1HCI'HYD oncpaLtHIO Y. MM
Kpyrnu anH C PBAHYCON 3aKpyrJleHHJI
COnpJlTaJOlQHXCJI YllaC'CXOB
, ,  Ss
0.15-00
CnO)l{HU c"pa.D.HYCOM 3axpyrneHHJI
conpJlr3JOll1JtXCJI )"'IaCTKOB
T < Ss
0,20-0,30
5.25.2.2. npH MBORU(PaTHoA 3a'lHCTKe OODUlJl TOJIIItHHa CBHMaeMoro cnOJI paBH3
T =)'1(0,711 +0.3) +z,
(4Ia)
e n - KOJIH1IecTBO a31l11CTHYX onepau.a ii .
5.25.2.3. HHzeA31Ui pexOMe HN'Jl H no BHOOpy BeJJlI1IHIIIII npHuycxa:
npH 33W1BCTKe reTHHalCC8, TelCCTOJIHTa H _ l{BYXCTOpoBHHii npHIIYcx npBHHMaTb paBHhlM
(0.2.. .0.5) s;
npH 33QHCTKe THTaHO:BIllX CDJIaBOB npHIlYCIC npBHHMaTb paBHYM (0,2.. .0,3) s.
5.25.2.4. KQJlH.lIecTBO 3aIlHCTHIiX onepauri onPeArJIJ1eTCS OpHeHTHpoaoQRO no TaM. 51.
5.25.2.5. llng 06ecneqeHH BIJlCOKOii IIHCTOTIi DOBepXHOCTH npH a3QllCTKe He06xOJnlMO:
a) YCTaHaBJIHBaTb 3aI'OTOBICY B 331lHCTeOM mT3Mne IDHpoICoA cropoHoA (6necrHM nO.SlCKoM) B CTOpoHY MaTp;
6 , clJHKcHpoBaTb 3aroTOBKYt 06ecneQHB paBHOMepHoe pacnpeAeJleHHe npHnycxa no BCeMY nepHMeTpy.
Ta()nMQa 51
TOJ1Ha MaTepHana I, MM
Q)opM8 331.1H11taeMoJt JJ,eT81lH
11.03
CR. 3 .no S
MJrrKHtt TBepJl;hdt MXI'XH1t Taepnwl
KOJIH'IeCTBO onepaltHI
Kpyrnu HnH C PIIJJ.HYCOM 33-
KpyrJleHHJI cOnpJU'IIOIIUIXCJI
acrKoB ,  5s
1
2-3
2
3-4
CnOJICHaJI c p8JI.HYCOM 33Kpyrne-
HIUI conpJlraJOIl\HXCJI yqacTKoB
, <5s
2
3-4
3
4-5

5.25.3. Pac.,eT HCJJO.mIHTeJll.HYX pa3MepoB M8TpH H nyaHcoHoB
5.25.3..1. UClIOJIHHTe.JlhHlJle pa3Mephl MaT»HIUi JVliI 33'iHCTKH lCoHTYpa AeTaJIH nO(lmThlBaIOTCII no cIJoPMyn3M, npH-
BtAeHHliM B TaM. 15 <AnSI reTHHalCca H TeKCTOJIHT8 - CM. Pa3A. 5.2.3). nYaHooH npH 3TOM npHroHKeTCSI K MaTpHe c
NHHHM3JIhHYM 3830poM 0,005-0,01 MM.
5.25.3.2. HCDDnHHTeJIbHHe pasMepy nyaHooHa Lo'J B MM WIll 33HCTKH OTsepcTHA nOJ{cqHThlBaIOTC no 4JopMynaM.
IIpHBtAeHHIiM B TaM IS <AnSI reTHHaxca H TelCCTOJIHTa - CM. pa3Jt. 5,.3.2). llng OTsepcTHH B AeT3Jl5IX nOBHmeHHoH 1'Oq-
HOCTH Y'lHThlB3eTC.K BeJllI'IHHa ynpyroA PMaQHH nOCJle YD.3JIeHHJI nyaHcoHa, T. e.
Lna = (L + e)--d' ,
(42)
e Ln HClIOJI1IHTeJIhHYH pa3Mep nyaHCOH3, paCC1lHTHB3eTCJI no cIJoPMynaM, DpHBtAeHHYM B TaM. 15;
e BeJDl'DlHa ynpyroAe4>oPMaHH (TaM. 52);
lJ' .n:OnyCk H3 H31'OTOBJIeHHe nyaHcoRa (TaM. 16).
MaTpHQa _H 3TOM npHroHJleTCSI J{ nyaHCOHY C 3a30poM 0,03-0,05 MM.
5.25.3.3. HcnonHHTeJlbHHe pa3Mephl MaTPHUhI WIll BYpe3ICH HaPYHOro 'KOHT)'pa  B MM HJIH nyaHcoHa AJlg npo-
6HBICH OTBepcTH Ln B MM C lIOCJIeAYIOeH 3aQUCTKOH DOl(C1l1lTHB3IOTCK C YQeTOM He06xoHMOro npHnYCKa DOl( 33quCT-
KY no 4JopMynaN:
a) DpH BYpe3Ke HapYHoro ICOwrypa no 33qucncy
Lit( =(L M3 +T)+O
(43)
nyaHCoH npH 3TOM npHroHj[eTC J{ MaTpHue C 3330poM Z (TaM. 13).
6) npH np06HBIC.e OTBepcTH no a3QHcncy
Ln = (L II3 - T )--d' ·
( 43 a)
MaTpHIIa npH 3TOM npHroHIleTCSI J{ nyaHCOHY C 3330poM %.
B 4»opMynax 43 H 43a npHHJlTH CJleJU'IOIQHe 0603HaqeHIfiI
LIG' Lo'J - HClonHHTeJlhHlJle pa3Mephl MaTpHlt hi WUI a31lHCTKH XOHTypa H nyaHcoH3 WIK 33quCTKH OTBepcTHK,
MM;
noclJopMyne (41) H (4Ia)r
AOnyCKH Ha tJ31VTOBJleHHe M8TpH" JVliI Bhlpe3ICH HaPYJlCHOro KOtnypa H nyaHCOH3 WI np06HBKH
OTBepcTH (TaM. 16).
5.25.3.4. PelCoMelUO'eTCSI mepoXOBaTOCTh paOOqUX noaepxHOCTeu nyaHCOHOB H MaTpH 3311HCTHliX UITaMITOB O,IQ.
no roCT 2789. V
T
lJ H lJ'
T a()n H Lt- 52
HaHMeHOBaHHe TOJ:Ufa MRTepHaJ13 S, MM
M8Tepll&J18.
llo 3 CB- 3
e.,MM
I1Be11ILIe MeTa..ruILI
0,005-0,01
0,0 1 O,04
Cranb M.8rKRJI
0.,008--oOI5
YCTaHOBHTh
3KcnepeHTanLHO
S.2S.4. WT8Mnhl WIK 3aIlHCTKH KOHTYPB 06IameM
5.25.4.1. 3a'IHCTKa ICOHTypa 06zaTHeM OTnHtlaeTCSI OT OOY1IHOro npoltecca 3311HCTKH TeN. qTO B AaHHOM CJIyttae HeT
OTeHHjI M8TepHaJIa B BHJ{e CTPYZkR. no AaBJleHHeM nyaHCoH8 Bwpe3aHHaJI 33roroBICa BXO,nHT B MaTpHuY t HMelO-
IJtVIO 3aICpyrJlellHlie paoo1lHe KpoMXH, 06;cHMaeTcg H DOJIyqaer I'KYIO 1IHCTylO OOKOBYIO nOBepXHOCT&.

5.25.4.2. 3aQllCTk8ltowrypa 06JUTHeM npHMeR5IeTCSI WUI M!IJ1tRX oroZX:CRHHX M8TepaanOB (amoMBBBJI, n8TYHB,
HH3lCoyr.nepoMiCTIIIX cruel M8IX)I( 10 H20, MKrKoro MIDOI. H HeA3RJ1JJ6epa); npHDYcK H8 S3l111CTJCY npHHHM3-
eTC5I H8 SO % MeDme, 1IeM BeJllI'IHHa npHUYcxa DO T8 SO.
5.25.4.3. HcnQJlllllTeJlhllHe pa3Nephl M8TpRD.Y OlIpeJleJlmarcJl DO cIJoPMyne (43). «topMH pa601UlX OICOR M8Tp
WUI3a1UlCTU 06zaTHeM npHBeH" H3 pRC. 101.
R = 2,5+3 NN DpH _ < 6 MM.
R = 3.5+4 MM DPH $  6 MM.
PHC, 101
'i
..
..
cD
.
5.25.4.4.. 3aIlHCTXa 06zaTHeM HapyHoro ICOHTYpa IteTa!lii1IpOH3BOlUlTU:
a) nyaRcoBoM 6o.nhme M8TPH1l.M;
6) nyaBcoHoM NelRdDe MaTPJDUi.
5.25.4..5. CxeM8 DlTaMoa WUI 381DICTXJI 06zaTHeM HapyaHoro ICOHTYpa nyaHCOHOM 6o.nhme M8Tp H3oopCDK.eHa
Ha pRC. 102.
npH 9TOM e 3a1lRCTlCB nyaHcoR paCC'lll'l'lBaeTC5I DO pa3NepaM saroTO-lta, De Kae A 33QHCTKe. npH H8-
crpoibce DlTaMoa JI DJlOCKOCTb nyaacoaa (IIpII 1fII-N eM nOJlOeHHR D0JI3YHa) J{0JDDIa 6HTh BHDIe BepXHeA lIJIo-
CKOCTH M8T»HIUi sa 0,2...0,3 )01. OItOJl1l8ROe DpoTaJIKllUBHe AeTaJIII lIepe3 MaTPHlQ' DpoH3BOHTCJI CJleJU'IOei
ACTaJlhlO.
5.25.4.6. CxeM8 1DT8MJIa AM 3a'IHCTltR 06zaTlleM &apyzHOI'O XOHTYpa nyaRcoHoM Menme M8TPHIthl R300pazeRa
Ha put. 103. npH 9TOM N:e 3a1lRCTlCB I18crpolxa DlTaMoa DPOH31KW1TCjI TaK , 1lT06H nyaRcoB BXOllHJI B MaTp Ha
(1,2...1,5) s. e s- TOJIIItHHa M8TepHaJIa.
5.25.4.7. npH S8'1HCfte C npal'8JlDlBaHlltM AeraJIJI '1epe3 M8Tp (Ha npoBaJl) )'IIeJIII1DIBalOTC.K OTICJIOHeRRJI OT ee
DJIOCICOCTHOCTH.
bDllp611'm. 'Krill.
PIfC. 103
PMC. 102
npH BhlCOKRX TPet'JoBaHH.V:X K DJIOCICOCTROCTB peKOMeHJO'eTCJI nj)OH3BO,QHTh Q,AHOBpeMeRH)'IO noqeJCaHKY AeTaJIII H3
,,ecr)(ONI. BhlTaJIDlBaTeJle. CxeM8 DlTaMoa WUI S3QHCTKR 06zaTHeM C DOAQeKaHKOH R300paeHa H8 pRC. 104.3aro-
TOBK3 YCTaHaBJIHBaeTC5I nOBepXH1O cxOJla, 06palQeHHoii B CTOpoHY MaTPHIthllC3X bOlCa3aHO Ha pHC. )03.
5.25.4.8. 3asop MeaJD' MaTpHeA H nYRCOHOM B lDTaMOaX JUlii 3aQHCTKR 06zaTHeM nyaHcoHoM MeHhme M8TPRU.Y
nplUlHMaeTCJI paBRHM 0,0 I. . .0,02 MM.
5.25.4.9. KOJDI1IecTIIO 3a1lllC'I'HYX OlIepaIJ,Hii yCT3HaBJIHBaeTC1I, HCXOjI &3 YCJIOBIfiI, 'ITO TOJIIItHHa CHHMaeMoro Ha
J(oA OlIepaHH CJlO.i: MaTepHaJIa T.He J{0JDDIa npeBwman 0.3 MM Ha CTOpoHY.
PHC. 104
I - ....-.pHu.a; 2 - nyaHcoH; 3 - wH6ep; 4 - IIAnpaanmo-
lI1a.I1JIaHd; 3 - TOJIKaTeJlb; 6 - BWTInKHIlATeJlb

5.25.5. PeKOMeHHH no IOHCTpYHpoBaHHlO 3awmcTHhiX WTaMOOB
5.25.5.1. CTRHe IUT3MDH C DpIIZHMOM er3JIH peKoMelQYtTC.K npHMeHJlTh npa OTHomeHHH mHpHHH B AeT3JJH
Ie TOJID;tUae M8TepHaJ18 S
B
- 8...IO.
s
5.25.5.2. CDHlCcHpoBaHHe AeT8JlB B 331lHCTHOM mTaMne J(OJIHO 06ecne1lllTh paBHOMepHoe pacnpeAeJleHHe npHoYCKa
DO BCeN)' nepHMe'!PY. JIY1DlIlle pesYJlltT8TW nOJlyqalOTC npR 4DmCHPOllaJIHH AeTaJIH no OTBepcTHKM (paOO'lHM HJIH TeX-
HOJIOl'HlIecJCRM). npH attyTCTBIIH B Aer3JUI OTB eJX....... A: H HeB03MOJKHDCTH npHMeHeHHSI TeXHOJlOmllecKHX 0TBe))CTHA
cIJlIKCHpoBaHHe npoH3BO.AHTCJI DO HapyZHoMY KOHTYPY.
5.15.5.3. Do R36ezaHHe nepeKOCOB mT3MDOB XBOCTOBIIXH 3aIJHCTHIiX lDTaMDOB peKOMeHnYeTCSI BLlDOJIHJlTh DJl3B3-
IOIqllMB.
5.25.5.4. npH He06xoHMOCTH HapYHoA H BHYTpeHHeA 3311HCTKH pelCOMelQYeTCSI DpHMeHfiL COBMeeHHhle 33QH-
CTHIIIe IUT3MDH, 06ecne1JBBalOlQlle BHCOKylO TO'IIIOCTh BS3I1MIIOro pacnonoHHH KOHTYpa H OTBepCTHH. B TOHKOCTeH-
HblX AeramlX npH 3TOM cnocOOe 33QHCTlCB HCICJIIOllaeTC5I BJlHmlHe ynpyl'llX Ae4>oPM3lU1ii. CxeM3 DIT3Mna WIll OJJ;HOBpe-
MeHHol 331f11CTKB aapyJKHoro "OHTYpa H OTBepCTHi IIOK8saRa Ha pIIC. I OS.
5.25.5.5. Au 331l11CTKB HeMeT8JIJIHqecxHX M8TepH8JlOB (reTHHaKC, TeKCTOJlHT H Jij).) peKOMeHnYeTC npHMeRSITh
MaTpBIl,lll C Yl'nOM CK0C3 peYIIUIX I'p3Heft 45° (pHC. 106). nyaHcoH AeJIaeTCSI 60JIbme M8TpHIUi.. 3a'lHCTK3 AeTaJIeu BhI-
COKoA TOIIIIOCTH H3 reTllHBca H TeKCTO.1IHTa npoH3IIOHTCJl6e3 nOJlorpeBa MaTepHaJla.
5.25.5.6. 3a1lHCTXY cr8JlhHHX AeTaneA: peICOMelQYtTC.K np0H3BOJl;HTh C DpHMeHeHHeM CMa3KH HJIH cJ>oc<PaTHPOB3HHH,
npH 3311HCTKe aTHeM pelCOMelQYeTCSI npHMeHSlTb cJ>oc<PaTHpoBaHHe HJIH MHeHHe (CM. npHJIOeHHe)_
.
,
I
I
- - ..,...
J
.
I
PItC. 106
I
HC. 10S
.
J
S.2S.6. OnpeJ1eJleHHe YCHJlHK npH 3a1AfCTXe
5.25.6.1. Pac'Ier ycH.1IH.K npH 33QHCTKe PB J(rcnpoH3BOHTCSI no4:»opMYJle
T
P =Lc5c;p("'2+O,lsn),
(44)
e h
6cp
T
2
s
n
nepaMeTp cpe3a, MM;
2
conpomBJIeHHe Cpe3y, Mna (Xrc/MM );
OCTOpoHHJI TOJIIItHHa CHHMaeMoro CJlOll t MM. no.ocqHTblB3eTCJI no 4JoPMYJle (41);
TOJIJ:InlHa MaTepH3JIa, MM;
KOJIH1IecTBO ACT3JIeii, aaXOJ:unQHXC OJ(HOBpeMeHHO B MaTpHQe.
5.25.6.2. PaC'leT yCBJIHg npH a311HCTKe 06zaTHeM C Doeu1lKoii P B Mna (Jcrc) (pHC. 104) npoH3BOJXHTCtI no 4Jop-
MYJle
P = qF .
(45)
e q
F
2
yenbHoe ,QaaneHHe Mna, (Krcl MM );
2
JI]lO saroroBU, MM .

llng MJlrKHX CTaneH q - 35-45 J(ff,/ My2; AM ttaJIR cpeaaeA TBepZ{OCTH q - 50-65 Jl..rc/ MM 2 .
6. IDTAMfibI rH601JHbIE
6.1. ODPFJ(PJlEHHE AJIHHhI PA3BEPTKH DPH mEKE
6.1.01. 3JIeMeHTH saroroBKH, paCUOJIozeHHYe B A*pMllPYCMOH 3OHC. npRJIeraIOe K BHYTpeHHeH nOBepXHO-
CTH Hsm6aeMoH AeT3JIII (co CTOpOHbI nyaHCOHa), DOBepraJOTC. CTHIO, a npBJIer3IOIqlle J{ BHelllHeii nOBepxHOCTH (co
CTOpoHlJI M8TPHU.H) - pacreHHlO. Me pacrU)'TWMJI B CTYMB BonOKBaMH HaXOJI HeATpa.1I})Hag JlHHKS.
an:aHa KOTOPOH He H3MeWlerc (pllc. 101).
6.1.02. PAAHYc HelTpaJlhHoH JlHHHH R B MM (pRC. 107) onCJUleTCSI no cIJoPMYJle
R=r+xs,
(46)
e r
s
x
PAAHYC m6KH, MM;
1'OJIIqHHa M8TepHaJIa, MM; r
ko34>4muaeHT'I BeJlHqHR3 Koroporo 33BHCHT OT OTHomeHU - (TaM. 53).
s
PIfC. 107
T . () n It  8 S3
OTHOWeHHe -:-- 0.1 0,2 03 0.4 0.5 0,6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1,2
KOHUHeHT x 0323 0340 0.356 03f)7 03 79 0.389 0,400 0,413 0.421 0,426
OrHolUeHHe --f- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
H fionee
KOHUHeHT oX 0.441 0,455 0.463 0,469 0,477 0,480 O,48S 0,490 0,495 0.500
npH 33BHBKe mapHHpoB (neTe.m.) BCJICTBBe RampOUI BRemHHX CHJI TpeHHJI, npe I'aYJO X e4>oPMHpoBa-
HHIO, ko3elxPHII.HeHT x OIIPeAeJlKerc no TaM. 53a.
6.1.03. .L[;mH3 pa3BepTXH H3rH6aeMoH AeTaJlB L" B MM (pRC. I 08) OIIJ)eaeJIJlerc no cIJoPMyne
n ·
Lp =(1 1 +/2 +13 + ...) + 180 (f' l R I +VJ2R2 +f>3 R a +...).
(47)
e II; '2; 13
'PI; f{J2; VJ3
R 1 ; R 2 ; R3 -
npSMye Y1laCTKH, MM;
yMH ndSKH, rpaA;
HYCY HeATpaJIhHoit JlHHHH. OIIJ)eaeJIJleMhle no 4»oPMYne (46).
Ta()nMa 53a
OTHQWeHHe --f- 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1.8 2.0 2.2
KOHUHeHT x 06 0.54 0,52 01 O O O

6.1.04. nplll'll6ICe MaTepII3JIOIi ronuumOH CBHme 3 NM  yrJlOM 90- C PWlYCOM I'Hf)KH r :S s PWlYC HeATpaJIhHoA
JIHHHH R, paCC1lllTaBHHB DO 4JoPMYJle (46), eR 6..,.. CJCOppeKTllpoBaH AD BeJlB'IHIIH R 1 (pHC. 109), HCXOAii H3 YCJIO-
BlUllteJIOCTROCI'II M8TepBa1I8 H conpeHIUI B T01IJCaX a H allCplfBOJIHHeAHoro yqacnca HYCOM Rl C DpDfHMH a-Q H aL-
a), n'pox OJ(YM-m 'Iepe3 ce))eAlut)' 'IOJIIQIIBY s. Ha e C-C111YBXTRpoM DOJCa33H BHellIHllllt0HTYP npH paC'lere ()e3
yqera yrmIemm NaTepRaJla. B ClSI3H C yroneaHeN Dpil nt6lCe a sl Ha.9rOM e MeHhme HCXoA s.
3Ha1leBRJ( R 1 ca CXqJpeICTHpoBaHHOH HeATpam.RoA JlJlRHR H JUI1IIIY ,.ym aha 1 CJIeT D<mcq]lT3T& no cIJoPMY-
JlaN:
_ tzb
Rl - "2cosp ·
nR.7'
aha. = 180. ,
(48)
( 48a)
e
ab = VR 'l +(r + )2 _ 2cos R (r + ) ;
(r +..!)s in a
. P 2 2
510. = ab ;
7' =4 (90- -fJ).
R ODpe.QeJIJIeTCK no cIJoPMYJle (46);
r P'ltJ'Y c m6KH, MM;
OCTaDBHe OOosBa'lemg DOxa3aHY Ha 'Iepr. 108.
"trNWlI Milt L
L
£p
1
'1
....
...
,
PHC. 101
PHC. 109
6.1.05. <DojD(yJDI AU UlIiI pa3MepoB pa3BepmK 1I3CTO DpHMeRJleMKX l1IyrHX Zleraneit npRBCWITCJI B TaM. 54

T a6n It q8 54
72
KoHHrypa
ntyIWX
AC1"IJIeA
C O.AHHN )'rJJOM 90-
3aH3W
4J)°PMYJlW
All- oneneHH5I
.MN
s
L p =I+ll +,
C ABYNI yrnaMH 90-
Lp =1+/1 +12 +11
C qen.rpbMK yrJ11MH 90-
L" =21 +2L2 +12 +1yt +2.12
C W8pHHpoN
Lp=l+ ::(r +.u)
Kpyrna.
s

Lp =Z1tR.
 R onprarue TCJI8 IUHCHMOCTH OT OTHoweHiA
r
I
no 4'JopNyJIC (46) MUM. 48
CconCJI
CTOpoH&MH
Lp =1 +/1 -0.431
..
n pHNe II. H It II:
1. y.. )'1- >'2 - IICJIH'lHHbI, y'lHTWBlUOlltHe lC3MeHCHHe AJUlHW puBepIDI npH ntGKe no"., yrJJOM 9O-..IIpH TOnIU.HHC N&TepH8J18 ,AO 2.5 MN npHHHMI-
1OTC5I no Ta6n. 55. npH TOJIIlUfHe 3 MN H IIWwe npH r :S s - no Ta6n 55&.
2. x - KHT. onpelIeTC. no Ta6n. 53a.

q
V')
.....
In
In
.. 
::t N
.......
=
I:;
\Q
II 0
l- e;;
.....
o
00
o
..
V)
0


0 t
M
i
g
IV) Q.
N a


... fi
. 0
art N
! :II:
I)
2
u rt
 =s:I
! "'1- :I
..... 
..
:I
 !
-t
tI
i5
q :r
=:
..... 
e,)
=
go
0
W")
o
.
o
M
o
N
o
-t
c5
"i
B c.
J::
o.
E--
..... 0 .....   00  ..... 0 V) .....  I"-
   .....   00  "'!.  «"'i  V)
'f 'f 'f ..D 'f V) V') I/') I/') V) V') V) v 
I I I I I I , I I I
ac  N V) ...... 0'\ C"'\ 00 N 00 8 \D 0
   to: \0  "'l     
V) V) . v . .; . .  v v .  C"'\
 I r I r r I r I I I r I I
N   CP\ ..... C"'\ V') l- N ..... ..... \D 0 'D
N .......    to: \l> "'1-   .....  
  M ..
V M C"'\ C"'\ M M M C"'\ M N N
I I I I r I  I I I I I I I
 00 0 M  t- 0'\ 0 ..... C"'\ 0'\ N r- N
 C'i C"! .....  00 00 \D  C"'\ C"'l  
... N
M C"'\ M M C"'\ N N N N N N ..... .....
I I I I I I I J I  I J I I
..... CP\   \0 00 N It') 0 ..... N \0 ..... \C
q  Ol  .....      .....  ..... 
... .. f
N --' -t ..... ..... ..... -"I ..... ..... ..... -"I ... 'T
I I r J I J I I I I I t
 \D N Y) \0 0'\ N  .....
    C'f\ CO'! ..... ..... q 00 I"':   8
.. ... c5
..... ... -t -t ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... 'T 'T 00
J I t i I I I I I t I 0
..... C"'\   I::  V) 0'\ ..... 0'1 0'\
N ..... q 0'\ 0Cl l"- V)  N N  M
- c5 f f 0 c5 i
..... ..... ..... -t 'T 0 'T 
I I I I I I I I
\0 0'\ N
CP\ N V) oc 0  \D V') M 00 r-
  00 ..... I"- \l> V")   N q q C"'>1 
'T 'T f 0 c5 c5 f 0 'T 'T 'T 'T  i
I I I J
00 0  \0 00 N V) t  ..... 0 I/') lID V)
r- I"- \l> V)   M  ..... 0  ....  .....
. .. ,. 0 f o' c5 0 c5 i
0 0 'T 'T i  i
I I I I I I I
\D -
\D 0'\ r-.. V) 00 .....  .....  V) GO V) M oc
IV)   M   ..... 0 -t    0Cl
0 0 0 0 'T 0 f ... 6
I I 'T I r I i i i i -+ 
.....
M ..... N \0 0\ M  I/') I/') V) 0 
 M r'l  ..... c  ..... N   t-
o f 0 f c5 c5 0 .. i i 0
I I I I r  i i -+ i
-1IIIIIIII
M ......
V) 00 .....  .....  -t C"'\ V) ." \D .......
C"'l C'i C'i ..... 0 0 ..... N r'l   to: q
0 0 0 0 .. 0 i
'T 'T i i i   .....
I I I I -+ +
r- V) ,
\0 N \0 8 N 00 ..... \D .....-'II r--
CO'! N ....... 0 8 ..... .....  . "'l  CXl 0
f c5 0 0 i i .. i ..
'T i i i  .....
. I 0 0 +
 ..... 
8  N l"- N 00 GO 00 00 C"'\ 00 M
..... Q ..... ..... C1 C"'!.  ... "'1- \l> oc:. .....
... 0 t ..  ..
'T 'T i i i i 0  i  .....
0 -+ +
00 I/') V')
0\ M M 0'\ V) \0 -t ..... -t N V') 0\ V')
C 0 q  ...  C"'!       .....
0' c5 ... ..
i  i i i i i i i i  .......
  +
\D -t ..,. go
 ..... I"- r1 go N II- C"'\ M M N ..... ..... \0
q q ..... .....     "'1-    
0 tj ... i
i i i i i i i    .....
I +
V') \0 N M 0'\
.....  0 V') V) 0 I/') 1.1) V') M 0 rr)
  .....   C"'l   "'1-  t-:. 
 0 - -
:.- I + i i i i i i i  i i 
M \D ..... 0 .. I
N l"- N GO N  ....... I"- ..... \D I 1
 0 -t -:  C1 r'l   
... c
 i ...  i i i i i i
I .....    "t \l> r- «l Q   "'1- Q 
0" 0 0 0 0 0 c5 0 ..... -t ..... ..... N N
I I

0
ri
-t
.... 

 ...
.....
" 0
:f 0
:s: .....
.:; 0
\0 0\
.
l- V')
u5
q
00
IV)

0

IV)
..D
0

go
..n

V') Ii
..n 
Q.
u
N .
.,; '"
ell

q II
 B
" u
 go I

f Ii
 :r
u .,
i  :E
I
 

.-
0 

>.
«l .,
!:I
M I

a:;
C"'\



C"'\
q
M
00
N
V")
N

N

N
"'1-
.........

...

.....

"!
I
o 0
E--t
:I
.......
I 
T t"'\
CO

- N M
  
 N M C"'\
 fD N

- ri M  .
M  .....  
C"i. C'i
 N N M M 
C N    0'\
..... . 
 N N N M  
 00 0 M go F1 .....
 \l> 0'\ va. oq
- ......... N N N M  
N V') II- D\ N t- ..... 
«l .....   ..... I"': 
..... N N N M M  1.1)
.....
00 f5  U') ..... 0 V') 0'\ 
 tfl \l> D\  0'\ IV) f'1
I ..... N N N N M M  V')
-
 ..... D\ N . \0 0'\  GO M
"'1- 00 ..... V) CIO .....  ..... t-: 
..; ri ri' N .. 
..... C"'\ M  V')

00 ..... . \0 C\ .....  \Q ... U') e
   N V") C\ r!,  N oq, "'1-
..... ... -t N N N C"'\ M   V')
. 
0 D\ N :g t- O N  l"- N  .....
 ""!. t'-;, C"'l ..... Q  'Q. r'l \D
ri N ..  ..n
... ... ..... N M  C"'\ 

00 ..... 0 M \D GO ..... M 1.1) 00 M ..... N
M "'l I"':. 0Cl ..... . 00   to:  0 .....
 .. N N  ..n ..n
..... ..... ..... N M C"'\ C"'\
--
M  0'\ 00 ..... ..,. \D 0'\ .....  \0 ..... V') C
  I"':.  f'! V) 00  "'1- «l V') ..... 
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... N ri' N  M   .,;' V')
--
I"- 0  \D V) 00 ..... M \0 go 0  go N I"-
     0'1  \l> 0'\  'Q.  V') C'i 00
.... N N   .,;
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... N M M V')

00 t- O M t-  0'\ N  ..... D\ ..... V') 0'\ M 00
..... t'f!.  'Q. r:.  . ..... Q  to: Q \l> t¥l Cl
.. N r-S' 
..... ..... ....4 ..... ..... ..... N C"'\ C"'\ M  V') V')

0 0'\ 0'\ N V') 0 r-- 0 M V') go 0  V') C . 0'\
..... N  'Q. t'-;. C"'. q. N  go -1 V") GO .-: oq,  
- .. N N M ..
..... ..... ..... -t ..... ..... N N M M   V') \D
-
V) 00 I"- ..... 0  \D V') go .....   go 0 M go N .....
  r'l "'1- t'-;. oq,  ..... N 'Q. 0'\ N  C"'. t"! CO  .....
N   ..   .
-t ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... -t N  M  -.n \D
--
0'\ N N   ..... ..... M N U') 00 0  V') r- 0 V') 0'\ 
0'\ ..... C'i  'Q. t'-;. «l 0 N M \0 q,  'Q.  "'l Ol  
c5 -t -t -t ..... r1 ... N r-S' ri N C"'\ M  M   V') \D
.......
..... V') I"- D\ 0 0 N . 0 0'\ N 1.1) r-- 0 N  I"-  \D .....
D\ Q ..... C"i. "'l t'-;. go C\ .....  . I"';. q.  t'-;.  Q  
0 ... ... ... N N
..... -t ... ... ... -t -t N N M M M   V') V') \0
- 
0 \0 D\ N V') V')  l"- S  M  0'\ ... . \0 00 -t  0
C"'.  C C"i.  "l t'-;, OC ..... C"'l r:.   t'-;. Q  t'-;.
0 0 ..  N N
-t -t ... ... ... N N N M M M   V') V')
.-..-
N V') ..... V) .....  I"- \0 \D 0'\ N V') . ..... 0 N U') I"- D\ V') .....
CO 0'\ Q   r'). . \C!. gq  ..... C'i   C"'.  111'1. oq,  "'1- ....4
0 0 .; .. N ...
..... -t N -t ..... ..... ...... N N N N   C"'\   V')
..... 0 C"'\ D\ In 0'\ N V')  . I"- 0 M N V') 00 0 M 1.1) ..... 0 V)
to: C"'. Q  ..... C'i 1:. "l r:.  Q    ..q Gl tf't 'Q. Gl N 'Q. "'!
0 ... N .. 
0 ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... N N N N N   C"'\  V')
 I"- 0 \D N \Q 0'\ 0'\ -t .....  ..... 0 0'\ N V) ..... 0 N 
00 0'1   N t'f!.  "l  0 ...  . IV) to:  C"'l t-:. Q 
0 .... .. N N N N
0 -t -t ..... ..... ..... ..... .....  N M M   
-
 r-- ..... l"- N  0'\  N ...  ..... ..... 0  \0  ..... M
0'\ Cl C'i C"i. "'l "l t'-;. Gl  N  IV)  cq -1 cq, 
t:5 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... N ri N ri N N    
 ..... 0   \Q  N ..... -t    ..... . I"- C\ 
-t tfl 111 CQ. Q t"!  GO  C"i. va.
 .. N N N
-t ..... ..... ..... ..... -t ... N N  N M M
. ----
:!:  0  N r-  N ... Iii  1"'0- C   1.1)
   c:.. .....  r-:. t'f}.
... .. ri
..... -t ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... N N N N M 
..... :( 0'\  -t  GO ..... 0 0 -t
r'l  r;. Gl ....   \0
..... ..... ......... ..... ..... ..... ..... N N N
.....      S
 t'-;.
..... ...f ..... -t .... -t rt
-t 
V).
.... 
Q     oq, q  111'1. oq.  C'i "'1- oc:.  "'l  W') C  0 q Q Q
 ..  0 ..... 
M M M   M     V') V') V') V') \D \0 ..... go go ..... -t .....
I

75
DpHMep. Onpe.QeJlHTh ATlHRY pa311epTKH JVI5l1!eTaJlH, H300paZeHHOii Ha pHC. 110.
Cor naCHO TaM. 54 L, = 1 +'. + y , me , H'. - AJIHRY np.MYX yqacncoB myTOiI eTaJIH.
Y - HaXOHM DO TaM. 55a.
npa s-4 MM Hr-3,SMM)' 1.22 MML, =50 +40 + 1,22 =91,22 MM.
6.1.06. EcJIu B pa60QeM 'lepre:«e AeT8.nH 3at(aHhI OHOCTOpoHHHe onYClCH, TO JVI5l nO;{ClleTa AJUlHhI pa3B epl.:k 3TH
}!OnyCICH AOJI.3C!IH 6HTh DepeC'IUTaHH Hit ABYXCTopoHHHe, c coxpaHeHHeM 3aJ¥1HHOro IIOJUI onYCKa. npa 3TOM OJIXIIH
6HTh Tae neqHTaHH HOMHHaJII»HYe pa3Mephi AeTaJlH (puc. Ill).
6.1.07. B Ta6n. 56 H 57 DpHBeeHY 4x>pMY1JY JVI5l p3C'IeT3 JVlHHbI pa3BepTKH rHyThIX AeTaJIeii DPH pa31lH'llibiX HC-
XOJnlHX .Q3HHhlX Ha pa601leM ...epree H pa3JIHlIHhlX (jx>PM3X cODp;«eHHA.
T a 6n H 1\8 56
HcxOAHWe HHwe
3CXH3W
cJ)OPMYJlW JU'lJI onpeeH"51
lUIHHbI puBepTXH.
NM
r---


_ 1'£ · f{J'
Lp -I +/1 + .80. (r +xs)
Pa3MCpw JUlHbI OT uell1p& pa.JVtyC8
I, , I I
L"

Pa3MCpw JUlHhI or roqJCH nepeceqe-
HHH l1pO.QDIDICeHHJI JlHHHA H8py)KHo-
ro ¥omyp8
J
_ n. f{J 2 (r+sJ
Lp -I + I. + 180. (r + xs) tg r{I
r
/',
1-
L p
L _ .
.r
"
P83Nepld MHW or IC8C8TeJlbHbIX I
Hapy)I(HOM)' lComypy

n. 'PI
Lp=I+I. + 180. (r+xs)-2(r+s)
t,
Lp
n pH M e KI1 a H H e- x - KoscM»neHT"  no 1'&611. 53.

76

<go
'.tf
o
-
j

I

"-..  ,
t"A
(l.+j :tJ
-
5D
Pa3Mepw M ,qonycDlII8 'leJJKKe
TexJIOJWI'INCCltHc pa3Mephl H onYCItH
PMC.. 110
PHC.lll
T a tin M 1.\8 57
3cow.r
Hcxohle Tpe6yerc.
)UtHHWe I18rmt
PeweHHe
f/J
s
I
I =stg 'P
2
l tgIJ =1
h
/3 111)'- S
I -
h Y y/ 2 +h 2
I
 s
f/J a=9Q-- (+1')
 'I '1 =(h-s)ctg V"
i ,
I
r
a
h
110 a =1
r
h= V,J - 12

h
,
I
I = y,z - h 2

1
'1
r
_hJ +12
r-
2hl

flpOOOlUCeHue 71
...
I h h =r- V(r -r. )Z - (1- rl 'f
,.
'1 a 1-,.
mDa =
r-'1
l
-.
..
h _,2 +hl-2hr
I '1 '1- 
r
h
I
'1
r
,2 +h2_ 2uI
r== ---zth -'I )
,
a
I
a
I = rt,-
2
I. I. = Vh 2 + 12 _ ,:l
h Y tg'Y = 
I «5 I.
, t.6 =-
r
a a =180-- (1' +6)
l P 13 =90-- a
.
'I 'I = Vh 2 + iJ, _ 
h t 'Y - h t 6 _ '.
I y,«5 :g -,- :g -;-
r a.=180-- (1'+6)
a
1 p l3==a-90-+y
I a t. a ==.!
h
 h I. '. = y{l + hZ -rtg 
I
r
hI a
hI =rt."2 +h

t P tg(1= 
a .
h a =:90-+ (1
I
r II 'I = Vh2 + j2 -rtg 
hI _ a
hi -rt'7:- h
..
y
12
=w- a-13
I = {I -htg/ ) CCIJ(J rtgl
2 I1ft)' 2
I _ {h -Itga \. osa A
3 - l::. -rtg-
Itn a 2

h
I
r
'3
l,
'I
I _ {h -I tg a ) 0084"'n(1 + (3 'Y - R
I - - rOOll · r tg- sIn foJ
sln'Y 2
l
hI
{h -ltg a .) 008 a · 00II13 'Y
hI = 1m 'Y . -rltn 13 · rtgosl3
r
a
,
a
1 =rctg-
2
l
1
I'
'1
a
A
'1- r
Itn q ;: I
A =Icoaa
A
a
r +'1 - h
00II a =---r--
rTrl
h
r
'1
.

A
A =(r +rl)Bkt a. = v 2h(r + I'I) - h 1
"


Ilpodo/UlteHue
19
a tg a =.!!.
h 'I
I( fJ 8=90-- a
l r
A A = Vh 2 +1 1-
.... h,
.. -t; a tg a =-
I
P fj = 90- - a
hI A A = -./i1. +h r -r(tg  +tg)
r
It }
h h =h( +rtg2:-'
a
" I, =1 +rtg7:-'
.c:: h(
a tga =-
I
hI P (3 =90-- a
. A A = -.// 2 +h r -Ftg  -Fl tg
r
r( h =h] +'1 tg-r
h
a
'I I, =1 +rtg7:-r(
A A = Vh 2 + 11 - (r-rl )Z
h al tg a ( =
I( 'I
r
1 '1 a2 r -
r :> ,.( slg a 2 = Vh '1
a a=a1+ a 2
p  =90.- a
t
h A A = Vil - (r +rl )2
I
r
 r( , a r+r(
T+,(-h slna= I
l 'I = "1 2 +h 2 - 2h (r +"1)
h I(
I P ,. +,( -h
, tg (3 =
'( I
...c: r-rl
HJlH t V = I(
''1 V g r + ,(
r +rl >h
a a =90-- (13 +v)

.
Ilpcx)oJUlCel4ue
l
h
I
'2
1; '.
, +,.. =h
a
tga = h
I

'2 a
'2 =1 +htg 2
I Iin a =!!
lz r;rL a '2
r +'1 -h
I. '1 = VI 2 -h 2
'I
i. = -{P- + h1 -hrg 
 I. = "11. +h 2 - 2h (r +'1 )
ex I.
h P h-,.-,.
tg (3 =
I I
 r
" '1
r + rl < h Y ,gY=
r r.
a a =90- - (y- Ii)
l _lln a(r-h)+lcos a -'I
11
sin 11 - ,
-r.
p fj=y-a
I «5 «5 =90- - Y
h
a
r 'I = (r- '1)lln (3
'. "
'2 ' 2 =(r- r.)cos fj-r +h
_ i () sin tI
'3 '3 ---'1 ctg a- '-'. -:-
na mna
6.1.08. Pa3MepH paSBeprOK mYTH.X AeT3JIeH, paCC'lHTaHHIiX no clx>PMYJle (47), CJIeJU'eT YTO'IHHTh OIIhlTHhiM nYTeM
B CJIyqax:
a) KO II O,AHOM IDTaMDe COBMeIIteHIJI AIle HJIH HeCKOJIhKO mOO'IHHX onepawdt (pHC. 112 H 113, a).
6) npum6IC.eymlCoII, neTe1lLHT. n. (pHc.113, 6);
B) Kora AOnYCKH H3 pasMepY I'HYTIiX AeT3JIeii MeHbme AOIIyacOB 12 ICBaJIHTeTa no roCTy.
He06xoMOCTI» YT01lHeHH5I pa3MepoB pa3BeproK Bli3liBaettSi cMeiQeHHeM HeHTpaJlhHoH .nHHHH II nponecce m6KH
BCJIeJJ,CTBHe KOJIe6aHH MeXaHHQeCKHX CBoaCTB M3rePH8JI8, pa3.1III'IHIJQ( YC1l0BHH TpeHIUI Ha KOHTaXTHHX nOBepXHOCT9:X
06pa()aTlIIBaeMoro M3repHaJla H pa6o'lHX AeT3JIeH lDTaMII3 H T. n.
1
.-
A
I
PHc.112
PHC. .13

81
6.2. yrJlbI npYJKHHEHHSlIIPH rUBKE
6.2.01. IilyrHe MH nOCJle CIISITHSI co DlT8MDa pacnP)'EIIHHB8IOTCB, T. e. ynpyro HSMeHJIeTCSI YroJI m6kH Ha Be-
nH1lHHY yrna npyJltHReHH'I11 a (pHC. 114).
PIIC. 114
PHC. 115
6.2.02. Yron nPY]lQlJleHH'I 3aBIICBT OT MexaRu'IecxBx caoAcrB H TOJtII(HHhI MaTepHaJl3 t pa.lUIyC3 nIDKHt 4»oPMH ne-
T3JIH H CDoco6a ra6m (CBoOO.LtH8S m6Ka HJIH m6K8 C lCaJlH6poBKOA). Ha pile. liS, a npnBeHa CBoOO.LtH8S m6Ka, a Ha
pHC. liS, (5 m6Ka C IC3nH6poBkOA .QeTaneii V -o6paSHOA: 4»oPMH.
6.2.03. YrJIY npyzRHeHH5I (cHHe SR3lIeHHil) IIpR CHOH m6ICe V -OOpa3HNX .QCTaJIeii npHBeHH B Ta6n.
58-61, a Taxxe B8 Jnl3rpaMM3X (pHC. 116-120).
Ce SRa1JeHHjI yrnoB npyaHHeHH5I IIPR ntfbce n yrnoM 90. er8JJeii H3 naTYHH. 8JI1OMHHH5I t qIIHKa H 6poH3
(6e3 Ka.1IB6POBICB) npu=ellH B TaM. 58.
CpeJJ:llRe 3HalleJUUI yrnoB npYJJ:HBeRlU' npH mICe eTaJIeH H3 JlempoB3HHLlX CT3JIeii (6e3 lCaJlH6poBKH) npHBen.eHH
II TaM. 59.
Ce SHalIeHRII yrJlOB npYZHHelDlSl nP}l IB6Ke J(eTaneA H3 paJIIOMHHWI (6e3 KaJJH6poBJCII) DpHBeHH II Ta6n. 60.
CpeJJ:llRe 3HalleJUUI yrnoB npY]lQlJleHH'I 'l1a npl! mICe .QeT3JIeii R3 THT8HOBhlX cnnaBOB (6e3 lCaJlH6poBKII) npHBee-
BY II TaM. 61.
TafinH. 58
OIHOWeHHe BHyTpell- DpH TOJ1IlUlHe MaTepH8na. MM
MaTeplW1 Itero pHYca rHt'i1<H
J( Tcnuume M8TepH- )Io 0.8 CB. 0.8 no 2 CB.2
ana _..l:.-
s YroJ1 npY)I(HHeHHJI
,lIo 1  2 0 0°
J1a a1D)MIUlIdt, I.UfHI( OT 1 .nO 5 S° 3 0 1 0
CB.S 6 0 4 0 2°
J1aTY TBepJWI 350 MDa no 1 so 2 0 0°
(35 Krc/MM 2 ) OT I A05 6° 3° I()
J)POH38 TBepAu CB. S It> 5 D 3°
Ta6nHI{8 59
OrHOWeHHe BHY1peH- YroJl rH5KH
MapJ<B CT8J1H Hero p8J1,Hyca m6KH
JC ToJUltHHe M8TepH- 120 0 gOo 60 g
ana -L-
s Yron npY)I(HHelfJUI
30xrCA OTOJlOlCeHIWI 1 1° r 2 Q 30'
3  3° 41)
5 3° 4° 3ar 5 0 30'
8 5° 6 0 30' 8°
10 6 0 8() 9Q30'
]l(aponpoqllJde cranK 1 1° 1 °30' 2 D
XI8H9T H X23HI8 3 2° 3° 3° 30'

Ta6nMa 60
OTHOWeHHe OrO)f(*eHIIDIA HarapTOBaHlIWA
BHyrpeHHerO
MaPJ(8 CnnaBa plijJ,Hyca rH6KJ1 Yron rH5J(R
K ToIDIUllle Ma-
TepHana L- 120 g 90° 60° 120 0 9fr 60 0
s
Yron Dp)')IClDleJlWI
nl6 2 1°]0' 2°30' 3° 3° 30' 4° 30' 6°
S 2°30' 4° SO 6 Q 30' 8° 30' 10°
8 430' 5°30' 6°30' l(f 12° 14°
10 51) 6°30'  12 0 14° 16 0
B95 3 2° 3D' 3° 3 3D' 7° 8 0 30' 9°
5 3°30' 4° Sa 8°30' 11 0 30' 13 G 30'
8 5 6 G -r 13° 30' 16°30' 19°
10 5 g 3D' 7° 8° Il)° 19° 2r
Ta6J1Ha 61
OmoUIeHHe Yron npy)KHHeliHJI Dpt TCMDepaTYPe I"HeXjI
MapKa CIUl8B8 BHY1]>eHHero
plijJ,Hyca rH6KH 20° C 300° C 400° C 600-7S0° C
J( TomuHHe M8-
Tepll3J1a 7
2 8-12° 2-5°
4 10-14° 5-8° 1_3°
BTI 6 12-16 u 7-10° 3-5 D
8 16-20 0 10-12° 5-8°
10 20- 25° 12-15 a 8-12 0
12 25-32° 15 20° 12-15°
,
2 10-15° 1°30' _5° (f30'-lo
4 12-17° 4o 0°30'-1°
BT5 6 14-20° 6-10° 0°30'-1°
8 20-24° 10-14° I-
10 24-30° 14-18° 1°30'-3°
12 30-38 182(f 2° 30'- 3 C1
n p II N e IJ a H H e IC T a 6 JI. 58-61. npH nc6J::e V -OOp83HYX aeTaneA c noqelC8HItOH (pKC. liS) nH"HWe 3Ha-.eHHIl yrnOB npY.HHeHHIl
Ilj)HHHMan c KHTO" 0:.75-0.8. . npM nc6J::e U-oop83HYX aeTaneA - c HQHeHTOM 0.8. ....0.85.
YrJIY nP)'ZHHellU l1a npH m6ICe ,QeTaJlei 83 CT3JleA MapoK CT. It 08 H 10 npHBeHH Ha rpa4JHKe (pRC. 116).
YrJIY DpyxHHeHU l1a npH nt6lCe J{eT8JleH H3 CT8JIeii Ma)X)X Or. 2, Or. 3. IS R 20 DeKY B8 rpa4)mce (pRc. 117).
-z
PHc.116
PHc.117

83
YrJILI npYHHeHHj[ Aa npH m6JCe AeTaneii HS CT3JIeii MapolC CT. 4 H 25 npHBe.AeHbI Ha rpa$uKe (pHC. 118).
Yrnhl npYJlCHHelUUl Aa npH m6xe AeT3JIeii H3 craneii NapolC CT. 5 H 35 npHBe.AeHH Ha rpa4>Hxe (puc. 119).
,. "
 '1 
'&
1- _"
,," . ..
I I
i,
I · I
.

z
-I
PHc.118
PHc.119
n pH N e q a H He It p II c. 116-119. J1,JuI npoMe*YTOQHblX 3HaqeHltR ymoB nroKH (8 npe.nenax OT 30 JJ;O 120 D ) yrnbl npyJl<MHeHMII onpeAenR-
IOTC.5I HHTepnOJlHposaHHeM.
a - yron nyaHcoHa H Na7pHubi palieH }T.ny a 0 no qepTe)l(Y eT8JlM c yqeTON BenHqHHbJ A a - yrJl8 npy)l(HHeHHII: co 3HaKOM NMHYC nplot 00-
JIO)KHreJIWIOM 3HaqeHHH yrJJ8 A a H co 3HakOM nnlOC npM 01pHu,aTeJlLHOM 3Ha-.eHHH yrJla Aa .
YrJlY npY:«HHeRRJI Aa npH m6ICe AeT3JIeA H3 CT3JIH NapieR Y9 npHBeeHhI ua rpacl>HKe (pHC. 120).
,.
Pltc. 120
6.2.04. PaJlHYCbI nyaHcoHoB m60QHWx mT3MDOB JVUI m6ICH eT3JIeii H3 CT3JIeii no roCT 380 H roCT 1050-60 npH
,
OTHomeHHH- > 10 npUBe.AeHY H3 AH8rpaMMe (pile. 121)7 a yr.nw npyzHHeHRJI- HaHarpaMMe (pile. 122).
s
PacQerH3J1 PMY.na
'11_
--
s
,
s
.
I + 3 am , '
Es
E =2,1 · 105 Mna (Krc/NM 2 ).
npHMep 1... OnpeAeJ1HTh paQayc nyaacoH3 , n.
JIaHo T - 80 MM; S - 5 MM; a". = 300 Mna (KrC/).
PeweHHe. Haxo H8 JIHHHH a". roqKy, COOTBeTCTBytOmyJO am = 300 MIIa (30 KrC/MM 2 ) H3 JlHHHH T - TOq](Y. COOT-
S
BeTCTBylOIIO'IO arHOWeHHIO : =  = 16. npollOHM npi:MYIO 1Iepea 06e HaA.n:eHHHe TO'IKH. T01lKa nepeCC1.IeUHH 3TOit
Tn 'n
pHMO:HCJIHHHeii- 6YAeTHCKOMOeCOOTHomeHHe- = IS J T. e.,.. = 15 ... 5 = 75 MM.
S S..


."
J
If

. ,,
. If
- Izt

. "'::I (
. II
. fJ "-
,it....
,.,  ....... .......
" .; ....... """'"
tO .......
 "-
2Q  '"
 '""
......
.......
....... 
" E
" :=
".......
....

.t
ti

0;
MOD (KzcIMM 2 )
CXeHIl flMbJDliIN{JR
1
r
s
6",
Illllf
IltJlID
Pltc. 121
.CN. Ta6J1. 62.
r - pa..QHYC rn6J(H W'lBNnyeNOM aeTaJllf. MM; r n - pa)tMYC nyaHcOHa. MM.
500 (50)
400 (40)
.100 (30)
200 (20)
100 (10)
3Ha1leHHSI npeJJa TeKyqecrH CT3JIeii am B Mna (Krc/NM 2 ), 1J3CTO npHMelUleMbiX npH mTaMnOBKe, npUBe,AeHbI B
TaM. 62.
npMMep 2. OnpeAeJIHn yron npyJltHHeHHH Aa npn r > 10 .
s
AaHo:,- 80 MM; a =85°; r n = 75 MM (HabeR B npHMepe IlIoaarpa.MMe pRC. 121).
r 80
Haxo.D;IIM ,. n = 75 = 1.07 ·
Ta6nMQa 62
MBPKH DpeAen TeKY- MapKH DpeAerI TCKY-
cr8JIeA no 1IecrH o.r, cTlJleA no 'Iecm o.r.
rOCT 380 MIlA (Kl) rOef 1050 MI1a (Krc/MM 2 )
08Kn 200 (20)
CT. 2 220(21)
10 210(21)
1S 230 (23)
Cr-3 240 (24)
20 250 (25)
--
25 280 (28)
CT4 260 (26) .
30 300(30)
35 320(32)
Cr. 5 280 (28)
40 340(34)
45 360(36)
CT. 6 310(31)
SO 380 (38)
Aa=a-a n
Aa=(UU-a)(L_l)
Tn
'tJ"


If 


t

.
J;
.
o os (1lJ 1/5 1.."0 .."tJ 'O 15 (#0
PHC. 122
, - pa)tMYC ntfiKH IUT8NDYCMOA eT8JItI. MM; a - BIfYTPeHHHA yron myroA aeT8JlH.
!pM; , n. - plWIyC ny8HroH8. MM; a n- yron Dy8HOOHa, 1pQ; Ati. -- YroJI npY)lUtHeIDUI. 

r
COrnaCHO pHc. 122 npu - = 1,07
Tn
Aa = 6-30'
a =a-Aa=8S0-6 G 3O' = 78 G 3O'
n
6.2.05. J])Ig ){OMDeHcaHH yrna nPYJDlHeHull npH m6Ke U-06pa3HYX lJ:eTa.neA peICoMeeTCg npRMeHTh O;tHH H3
crrocoOOB, nOX333HHhlX Ha pllC. 123 H 124. fH6xy C K3JlH6poBICOii (1Iepr. 123. B) pelCOMeH.AYeTCii npHMeHJITIt M.SI HH3ICHX
lJ:eTaJleii npH H < (2.. .3) S C BuyrpeHHHM HYOOM 3aKpyrneKHg T = S . IH6ICY C 1IeKaRlCoA (pHC. 123, r) peICOMeH.Ayer-
CSI npHMeHIITh A1IIIlJ;C:TaJleH H3 MSlMCHX M3TepH3JlOB HHOH .110 1 MM.
npH m6Ke no cnoc06y, yxa33HHoM)' Ha 1.Jepr. 123, A, BepXHJlJlIIJIOCIC.OCTh BHTameHB3TeJIJI rHOO1lHOro lDTaMlla AOJI-
Ha 6HT:& HH»::e MaTpHQH Ha BeJlHqHHY h. n03TOMY Ha RallaJIhHOA CTaQHH m6XH no.L{ nyaHcoHoM OOpa3YeTCJI HelCOTOphiH
HSJlHmeK M3Teplf3..11a, ICOTOphiA H3 KOHellHOH CTaQHH BHTecHJleTCJI B yrJlH. Pa3HOCTh BYCOT (h) nOJ(5Hpae1'CJI OnHTHhl.M
nYTeM.
,.
6
P8uycHaA cJx>pMa
nyncoll,,- M BWT8JJKHB8.TeJ1A
a
8
npHMeHeHHe YKJlOHa Ha nyaHcoHe
H YMeHhWeHHe suopa
Me>KM' nyaHcoHoM H M8'IpHQeA
. -""'{"2'$
hr(lJOI4 f) S
..z5: S
...
I
r
1\t6IC8 c -.eK8H.KoA'
Ha1l8JJlaHoe 1IOJK)1KeHMe
B
rHf)ka C 1(8JUf6poBKOH
iJ
KOHe"Hoe nOJ1<»KeHHe
npHMeHeHHe 3&HIDKeHHOro BLlTIUIKHB8.TenA
0I'II0CM1'CJIII1IO eepxHeR IIJIOCKOCTH M8TPHbI
PHe. 123
J]jIJI m6ICH CTaJlbRhlX AeT3JIeH C BYCOXHMH DWlK3MH pelCOMeH.AYeTCJI npHMeHJlTb WT8MIIH C ceJCIUIOHHoA nOBOpor-
HOH M3Tpel (pRC. 124), D03BOJUIIOIItHe DqJIy'l3Tb rHe HaQeJIIIJI c npSlMIIIM yrnoM 6e3 nPYJlCHHeRRJI.
6.2.06. 3ualleHH1t yrJloB npYHHeHHS Aa (pile. 123, a) DPH U-oopa3HoA m6ICe c YTOHeHHeM AeT3JIeii H3 MJIMCHX
IIJUI OI'OIJKeHHl.lX MaTepH3JJOB (W\HOCTOpoHHHA 3a30p  = O.9s) peKoMeH.AYeTC.II npHHHMaTb no TaM. 63.
6.2.07. npH m61Ce L-06pa3HLlX ACTaJleii c npH:;tI;HMOM (PHC. 125) nepe.D;HIOIO H nPHHMHble IJJIOCKOCTH CJleeT pac_
nOJIaraTL no.L{ yrnoM 7. IC ropH30HT8JlhHOH DJIOCKOCTH, a yrJlH npYXHHeHHjI Aa npHHHMaTL no TaM. 64.
llepeDHRR
I1nDCI<OCfflb
PHC.124
nmlCa B WTaNoe c ceKQHOHHDA
n080pO'THoA M&1'pHl(eK

.
PHC. 125

Ta6J1I1Qa 63
r MapICM 811JOMHIlHCBWX cnnaBDB MapKH CTancR
s n16A-T nI6A-M B95A-T B95A-M 20 30XrCA Xl8H9T X23H18
3Ha..eHHII ymoB DpY*HHeHIUI, a
I _1° -0 0 30' _1° _1°
2 0° 0° _2° -0°30' _1° _0° 30' -0°30'
3 + I 030' +30' +7°  I °30' 0° 0° 0° 0°
4 ... 3 0 +I G +8° _1 13 +30' +1° +1° +l e
S +4 0 +1° +9° _lD + I °30' + 1 °30' + 1 0 30' + 1 ° 30'
6 +5 0 + 1°30. +10° -30' +2° +2° +2° +2 0
8 +13°30'
Ta6nM Qa 64
HaMMeHOBaHHe If MKplCR M8TepHana TOJ1UUlH8 PaJ:\HYc Yron npY)f(HHe-
MaTCpHaJ1C1" s rH6KHt T HHJI. a
MM
AnIOMHHHeB11t cnnaB nI6A-M; AMuA-n 2°
MJDMIIHHeBhlA cnnaB AMnA-M
CrallL 10 Ii 20 .Do 3 0°30'
EpOHJ3 Ep.. AS
naT)'HnCS9-1; fl62 r=1 1°30'
- -
CTaJlL 6Sr (AC 3&KBnJ<M)
--
CTaJlh Y8A lIo2
Ep()H38 Ep. OGH Ep. B2 no 1,s 3°
MIOMJ1HHeBLIA cnnaB n16 A- T lIo3
6pOH:J8 Ep. Ot]) no I.S Or 3.5 s.
 - -- Ao5 4°
AITIOMHHHel\LJft CTIna 1116A- T no2
6.3. KOHCTPYKTIIBHhIE nEMEHTh] PA60qux AETAJlER nm01lllb1X mTAMDOB
6.3..1. Be.nHtlHHa yrna nyaHCoHa a II B r (pRC. 126) onpeeJllleTCJI no clxYPMyne
a II = a + [ 6a ) ,
(49)
BHYTpeHHHA YI'OJ1 mTaMnyeMoA AeTaJlH t r;
YroJI npyJKHHCHHJI. npHHHaeMblii no TaM. 58...61 H AHarpaMN3M (pRC. 116...120) co 3HaJCOM MH-
HYC, ec.nu IIp)'JKHHeHHe B1JI3h1B3eT YBeJlu1IeHHe yrna,. H CO 3HaXOM DJlIOC, ec.nH npY_HHeHHe B"3HBa-
eT yMeHhWCHUC yrlla a .
6.3.02. B TaM. 65 npHBeeHIJI 3Ha1.JCHUIl HYCOB 3aICPyrneHHJI RM mooquyx M3TpHlt. a T81C:ze 3Ha1leHHiI rny6HHhI
MaTpHIJ: '0 npH U-06pa3HOH m6JCe (pile. 126).
me a
[Aa] -
.3.03. npH V -OOpa3HOH m6ICe (yroJl m6KH 85.. .95°) pa3Mephi OCHOBHIiX KOHCTpyJCTHBIIHX 3JleMeHTOB pa60'lHX Ae-
T iJCU IIJT"MT]O peKOMCJYeTCJI npHHHM3Tb no puc. 127 U TaM. 66. a pa3Mep' nOAHarpaMMe (pllC. 128).

87
.;J
$
npM8<4NM
fiPHS>4MM
Pltc.126
PHC. 127
T a6J1 HU II 65
ToJlU1HH8 MaTepaana. s
BbIcOTa 3arH68- -
eMoA nonJ(H L D .noO.s CB. O,S CB.2 CB.4 CB.S CB.. 6 lIO 7 CB. 7 .no 8 CB. 8 no 10
.no 2,0 o4 .no 5 .no 6
RM '0 RM '0 RM '0 RM '0 RM Ie RM '0 RM 10 RM 10
.nolO 6 3 10 4 10
Ca. 10 J10 20 2 8 12 15 20
-- 5
.. 20 II 35 12 4 15 20 25
3S .' 50 15 20 2s 30
3 6
:" 50 ,. 7S 20 25 30 5 35 35
75 100 30 35 40 40 40 40
. 5 6
tt 100 ., 150 35 8 40 50 50 7 50 8 50 60
-- 10
,. 150 " 200 45 55 65 65 65 65 80
TafinHQ8 66
0603H811eHHe J(OHCTpYK-
THBHhlX sneMeHTOB
TOJlIIUUI8. M8TepHana. s
no O.S CB. O,S .no I CD. 111.0 2 CB. 2 lIO 4 CR. 4 no 6 CB.6 .no 10
I 2 3 4 5 6
RM
R
10
12
15-25
25-40
40-75
75-100
, ,
n p It Me If. H H e. Eom.WHe 3H8qeHM H »H" AJlil60mawMX TOJII11HH ...
6.3.04. HaHMeHbIIIHe (opHeHTHpoBO'IHhle) PAAHYCIi m6JCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MaTCpHaJla H era TOJIIJUfJIU LtaHJi Ha
lI;uarpaMMe (pHC... 129).
6.3.05. PAAHYCIII 3aKpyrJleHHJI BO BIIMHHaX yrnoBlix MaTPHU rl B MM (pllc. 127) ycraHaBJIHBaJOTCj( DO 4N3pMyne
rl = (0,6.. .0,8) (Rn + s) I
(SO)
4

.
. .
 I
..... , .
a f
If 
I'
I" I ,
If I
=r 'I'
J
'If
I
'q
BB
.fZ,If..'.." . .
r...",. -....u.. 6,111.
KpHBhleWlIIMaTepHAJlOBCd 6= IOO__.200MITa UO...201t..../NM 2 ) - - - - -
KpHBble WIll MaTepM&noB cd 6 = 300.. .soo MIIa (30...30 ItI'C/NN 2 ) -
U 4. 41 elf I ., ..
lIn""'iJ
I - XpHBaI JUlK MtWf.. r 6 = 240 MIla (24 kJ'C/MM 2 ).
2 - KpHB8J1 JUlK JlayYHM, r 6 = 300 MIla (30 kJ'C/NM 2 );
3 - KPHBaI JUlK CTBJIbHOA neKJ'h[ rnyOOKoA BhlTJUKJCH
T a = 300. ..360 Mfia (30. ....36 JC.rc/MM 2 ) 
4 - KpHBaI AU JlMCTOBOA CT8JIH
r 6= 300... ..350 Mlla (30... ..35 KrcJNM)
PHC.. 128
PHc.. 129
6.3.06. B m60'lllJix M3TPUQ3X, ocoC5eHHo npH K3J1a6poBlCe, peKoMeyeTCJI npHMeHnb BCTaBICH (puc. 130).
KOHCTpyKTHBHhle pa3Mephi BCTaBOX:
a - lS+30 D (B 9aBHCHMOCTH OT TOJIIQHHJi H TBepAOCTH MaTCpHaJla);
h - 3s, HO He MeHee 15 MM;
hI - S, HO He MCRee 5 MM;
I
I = 3 S, HO He MeHee O5 MM;
1.51 Rn + 0,45s
R M = 1.,57 WSI aJIIOMUHHiI H Mt,AH) ;
(51a)
1,51Rft +O,33s
RM = 1,51 WSIAPYJ'IIX MeTaJL1IOB). (516)
l
61"'11.
PHC. 130
6..3.07. BenHqHH8 3830pa z Me MaTpHQ.el H nYaHCOHOM npHHHMaeTCJI paBROt ABOHHOit TOJIII(HHe MaTepHaJla c
yqeTOM MaJCCHMaJU.,HOro WlIOCOBoro AonYCKa Ha TOJIHHY.
npH m6Ke T01IHYX AeTaJleH, c nen:bJO YMeHbmeHHII yrna npy_HHeHHJI, peJ(oMeyeTCJI npHBJlTb 3a30p:
a) WUlltBeTHhlX MeTaJL1IOB - no HaHMeJIDmeii TOJIIIlHHe MaTepHaJla (T. e. c yqeTOM MHHyCOBOro AonyclCa H3 TOJIIQH-
HY M3TCPHaJl8) ;
6) WUI 'lepHhlX MeTaJL1IOB - no HOMHHaJlhHOH TOJIII1HHe M3TepHaJla.
6.3.08. IICDMHHTeJlhHye pa3MepY M8TplllUII H nyaHcoHa  H 4. B MM mTaMIlOB WUI U-06pa3HOii m6JCH fiQAC'IHThl-
BaIOTCSI no CJJIOIIJ,HM 4N3PMynaM:
a) ec.nH H3 1.Jepree AeTaJlH YIC33aR JPDYCX Ha H3PYZHYH pa3Mep (pRC. 131),
L =L-I15 M
At II '
(52)
nyaHCOH npHroHJleTC5I k MaTPHlte C 3330poM z;
6) ecJJ.H Ha qepree AeTaJlH YIC33aR AmyClC Ha BIf)'TPeIIHHA paSMep (pRe. 132),
Ln =Le-lJ
n
(53)
MaTpUJJ.a npHroHlIeTC5I K nyaucoHY c 3830poM Z.

t N t .
L,J1
PHC.131
Pltc. 132
B c2>0PMynax 52 H 53 npHWITIi CJlelU'IOIQHe 0003HaQeHWI:
Lnt LfJ
6M t6 n -
HOMHH3J1bHHe pa3MepH wT3MoyeMoii eTaJlH, MM;
AonYCKH Ha H31'OTOBJIeHHe M3TPRIJ.hI u nY3HCOH3, .A3 H C 3.
6.3.09. IH60QH:bie WTaMIIH cpeAHeii CJJO;ZHOCTH H cnoHHe, a TaKJlt:e W1J1 TO'IHHX AeTaJleif CJlQyer npoeKTHpoBaTh C
HanpaBJUIIO(QHMH kOJIOHK3MH.
6.3.10. npH clJHKcHpoBaHHH 3aroTOBICH B m60'lHOM WT3Mne DO onepcTHSlM CJJQyer nJ)HMeHJITh c1JHKcaTOpH C npH-
eMIIIIIM KoaYCOM (pRC. 133).
6.3.11. AnJi rH50 U-ofipaSHHX H nO;lOOHliXlteTaJleii peKOMeHJU7eTCJI nJ)HMCWlTIJ WT3Nnhl c npHJKHMOM (pHC. 133).
6.3.12. U-06pa3Hhle AeTaJlH MOryT 6YTh IlOJIY'IeHH c HeQAHH3KOBOii TOJJIQHHOH ceii H 6oICoBlix DQ1IOk 3a C'leT
yroHeHmlllOCJIeAHHX.
CxeMa mTaMna Will m6JCH C yroHeHHeM npHBe,AeH3 H3 pHC. 134.
6.3.13. MaXCHNaJlhHOe yroueHHe OOICOBYX DQJlOK rHyniX AeTa.neii B npou;eHTax:
H3 MJmCOH CTaJlH
H3 JlaTYHH .
H3 3JIIOMHHHjI
25-30;
20-25.
t
27-35.
6.3.14. 1H6K3 C yroHeHHeM BY3h1BaeT ynpo1.lHeHUe (Hax.nen) Aftl>oPMHpyeMYX Y1laCTKOB H Tpe()yer 3HqHTeJlLHO
6an'mee YCBJlHe no cpaBHeHHIO C YCH.1IHeM, DOAC'lHTaHHHM no c2>0puyne (54).
6.3.15. npH m6JCe C yroHeHHeM npyJICHHeHHe HH1ITOJKHO MaJlO.
s
s,

"I.

...

f 2
R"
PHC. 134
J - MaTpa; 2 - DpH)kHM
PHC. 133
1 - ny.HCOR; 2 - HkcaYop MH 846-60
J - npH}I(HM-BYT8JUCH8&TeJ1b ., - MaTpHUB
6.4. lUTAMnbI .nn51 rU6KH CJIOXHbIX ,nETAJIER (C 3AMKHYTbIM KOHTYPOM)
6.4.01. K raymM lteTaJISIM C 3aMKHYTblM KOHTypoM OTHOCSlTCjI AeTaJlH mna DeTeJIb, Tpy60K, 3aKplJlThle MHororpaH-
HJie mYTHIe AeT3JlH H T. D. fH6Ka TaKBX lteTaJleii 1IpOII3BOAHTCJI KalC B OHY, TalC H B HecKOJI),ICO onepaltHii.
6.4.02. Ha pHC. 135 H300pajKCH 1llT3Mn WUI OKOH'I8TeJlbHOH m(}KH (3aBHBKH) IleTnH nOCJIe npe.nBapBTHoii noA-
m6KH no j>AAHYCY, paBHOMY HYCy OfBepcrHK neTJIH. npH OICOH'I3TeJlbHOU rH5Ke IleTnH He06xoHMo )"iHThisaTh
YWHpeHue AeT3JlH no TOPD.3M.
6.4.03. Ha pHC. 136 H 137 H300paJKeHH mT3Mnhl WUIOKOH'I8TeJlbHoA m6JCu pa3JJHQHhlX AeTaJleii C 3aMKnyTblM KOH-
TypoM m6KH.
6.4.04. Ha pRC. 138 DOIC33aHa ICOHCTPYKII.HS: ICOM6HHHpoBaHHoro mTaMIJa WUI H3roTOBJIeHHJI Tpy60K H3 neHTh( sa
OAHH paOOwA XO DOJI3YHa.

o
Ar
3arOTOBka
,
neT8JIb
.nocne nt6IC.H
y
J
PHC.. 135
0,5
0,5
3aromBKa
-
I
3aroTOBKa
 -=
-$( -
F
-  
- 
PHC- 136
.neT8J1h nocne nt5KH
Pltc. IJ1
]t

B-B
J\-A
r----l
rQmo6a. aema".
..--.
r.
5-6
tt!HQ ptlCllpoll
tJ
r:-r
---
0-
PMC. 138
6.S. PAC'lfET YCUJ1U5I rntilGt
6.5.01. YCMJlHe nt61CH P B H(ICfC) (6es K3JlH6poBKH) onpe.l{eJIJleTCJI no c2>0PMYJle
P = 1,2S6 e LsK t
r.Ae 6 11
L
S
K
2
neJI npollHOCTH Mna (Krcl MM );
cyMMapHaji AJlHHa nHRBH m6KH, MM (pHC... 139);
TOnIQHHa M3TepHaJla, MM;
ICDHUHeHT (TaM. 67).
0.1
1.5
2
01D
3
o 16
0.25
48
0.5
I
030
K
(54)
Ta6nHua 67
4
2
5
010
10
o
6.5.02. B CJIyqae m6KH C npHHMOM (pRe. 140) WUI Onpel!eJIeHIIII OOmero yCHJlHJI K ycHJIHIO m6KH DpH6aBJlJleTCII
ycHJIHe npHHMa P np B IfC, OneJI5IeMOe DO c2>0PMyne
Pup - (O,25t3)P,
me P - no 4>oPMyne (54).
(55)

):(nHJI8 IIIfHHH rn6KM. 1.J
s
CYMMapHagHH8nHH"
nt6KH. L = 1+ '1
PHC. 139
PItC" 140
6.5.03. YC.HJIHe, He06xoHMoe lIJISi oHoBpeMeHHOii m6KH U KaJlH6poBKH Px. B ICfC (pHC. 141), nO,AC'lHThlBaeTC.SI no
<t>oPMyne
PI( =Fq
(55a)
r,Qe F
q
2
npoeKH WIODUmH COnpHKOCHOBeHRJI KaJlu6pyeMoro H3):{eJlHll H nyaHCOH3, MM ;
)'AeJlbHoeJUlBJlCHHe (TaM. 68).
T a fj n H Lt a 68
IIa"MeHoBaHMe H M8pKa Y J\eJlbHoe BJleHHe
MaTepK8J18 q. K.rc/N
AnION"""" 6
JIaTYHb 10
CTBJlb 10. 20 12
CTanb 25. 3S IS
1KrmK>BwH cnnaB BTL 21
TKraHoBblH CnJl8B BTS 25
PHC. 141
6.5.04. Bo H36eaHHe nO.1lOMKH AeT3JIeii npecca H3 onepalUIx JCaJlH6poBKH He06xHMO npeAYCMOTpeT:b 3MOpTH3H-
PYJOee npellOxpaHHTeJlbHOe YCTpoiiCTBO C KOJIbueBHMH npYJkHHaMH (pRC. 142).
PacqeT KOJJhueBhlX npYZHH J:1,aH B pa3.l1. 11.5.
l:--
,f--

PHC.. 142
PHC. 143
6.6. mT AMI1bl AJlJI PA3BOPOT A
6.6.01.IIITaMnhl WUI pa3BOpoTa npHMeHJlIOTCJI WUI H3I'OTOBJIeHH. H3J1eJIHH, 1IOJ:t06Hb1x II3OfipuceHHowy H3 pUC. 143.
Pa3BOpoT npoH3BOlU1Ta BnpaBO H BJleBO, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT PMH lteT3JlH.
6.6.02. CxeMa WT3MDa WUI pa3BOpoTa DJlOCICHX AeT3JIeii nOU33H8 Ha pRC. 143... B mT8M11e He06xHMO npeYCMOT-
peTb J:1,Ba ct>uKcaropa no KOHJ..W,M AeraJlH AJlJI ooeCnelleRHii ee npaBRJlhHoro nOJlO)lteHIUI B H3'18ne onepaHH.
6.6.03. nYaHC{)HhI H MaTpll1Ui mTaMnOB WUI pa3BOpoTa CJI ICOHCTPYHpoBan ceKIUfOHHhlMH WUI 06.nerqeHHSI ax
OOpa6crrKH.
6.6.04. IIIHpHHa b (PHC. 143) pa60'leii nOBepXHOCTH ny3HCOHa H M3TpHD)31 AOJl:KH3 6HTh paRKa mHpHHe DQJlOCbl C
YlleTOM IIJIIOCOBOro .QonYCKa DO mupHHe. Pa&wHH npoctJwu. nyaacoHa H MaTpHhI AOJJeH 6h1Th CHMMeTpH'lHblM.

'.
7. mTAMnbI BbIT)KHblE
7.1. KJIACCHQ)HKAQHSI BhITSlXHhIX llITAMnOB
7.1.01. IIo x3paKTepy zt$pMaltHH paeJljllOT BHTJlZJCY 6ea yTOHeHH5I (pHC. 144, a, 6, B, r, zt) He yTOHeHHeM (pHC.
144, e).
 BHTJlJllCICH 6e3 yroReHH npHMeHmoT lDTaMIIJi:
a) cnpHXHMOM (lJep-r. 144, a, B H,I();
6) 6e3 nplmHM3 (evr. 144,6 H r).
7.1.02. JI.nJl 6o.nbIDHHCTBa nOJIHX AeTaJleii Tpe6YeTCJI HecKQJIbICO onepalUlH BHTSI:JICJ(H, B CBg3H C 1IeM pa3JIHQaIOT
lIlTaMDIi:
a) AJl51 BYTiIZXH H3 lIJIoclCoA 33roTOBKH (pac. 144. a H 6);
6) AJl512-ii H IIOCJIYJOIIUlX onepalUlH BliTJlJKkH ('levr. J 44, B. r H 11.).
7.1.03. II pH l13uOOnee lIaCTO npHMeRJleMOM npDfOM Meroe BhlTJlZXH NaTepHM npoTSlmBaeTCjI B OJOIOM HanpaBJIe-
HHH (pac. 144, a, 6, B, r He). npH Mero= oopaTHoii BHTgJltKH NaTepHaJI Ha BTOpoH HJlH nOCJlYlOmHX onepaQHSIX npo-
TJlrHBaeTCjI B tJpoTHB ODOJIO:&llOM HanpaBJIeHHH (pHC. 144,11.).
7.1.04. Do J(OHCTPYXQHH npeccoBOro o6opyztOBaHHJI pa3JIR'I3JOT BhITZHye mT3Mnhl AJl51 npeccoB:
a) ABOHHOro (TpoiiHOro) .QeiicTBHjf (pac. 144. at B H zt);
6) npocroro zteiiCTBHJI C 6y4>ePHblM YCTpoiicrSOM (PRe. 153);
B) npocTOro zteiiCTBHiI 6e3 6y4>ePHOro YCTpoiiCTBa (1ICvr. 144, 6w r I e).
DrI
Z>$II
Z-I....



It
I
a
I)
.

2>$D
r

e
PHC. 144
n p H M e WI a H He. CypenKaMH YU3aHO HanpaBJICHHe ..roYCHJ1H. ny_HOORaH npH)I(MMa.
7.1.05. IlnHTW-saroroBICH BIJITSlZHYX mT3MnOB JIP1CfOBOH mT3MIIOBKH npeaycMOTpeHH rOCT 19857...rOCT
19859.
7.2. OnpE):{EJIEHHE PA3MEPOB 3ArOTOBOK nOnbIX TEJI BPAHSI
AJISI BLITJlXKH BE3 YTOHEHH5I
7.2.0 1. UcxoHoii 4K>PMOH 3aroTOBOK lVIJI BHTSI:KkH DOJIYX Te.1I BpaeHHi[ JlBJlSleTCSlICPyr.
7.2.02. 3a OCHOBY paC1Ier3 AHaMeTpa 33roroBOIC lVIJI BYTSI»::KH TeJI BeHH npHHJlTO paBeHCTBO fiOBepxHOCTeA HC-
xOHoA 33roroBXH H roTOBOH .QeTaJIH C yqeroM npHIIYcKa Ha OOpeSKY.

7.2.1. DpHOYCKH Ha 06pe3IY
7.2.1.01. BCJle.ttCTBHe HeolUlopoHOCTH MeT8JIJI3 BepXHHe ICpoMKH DeTaJleii (pHC. 144, 6w Bt r, D, e), a T31C;Ke ICpaSl
cJmaHeB y.QtraJleii c cJmaaeM (puc. 144, a) nocne BliTSZICH DOJIY1I31OTCg HepoBHYMH.
DpH pac'lere pa3MepoB saroroBOIC He06xoMO yqecn. npHnyclC H H3 OOpe3ICY er3JIH no BYCOTe HJIH dDH3 06-
pe3xy (c6roIlKY) IICpoBHYX ICpoMOK cJ>;IaHa DeTaJlH.
7.2.1.02. B Tm. 69 H 70 AaHY &eJlHlIHHIll npHIIycKoB Ha OOpe3KY npH BYTJltKe QRJlH!lAPHIlecK8X J1eTaJleii 6e3
cJmaHIUI H C cJmaeM.
T a f) JI II q B 69
OrHOCHTeJ1LHU BLiCOTa JXeTanH f)e3 naHIIa -{f-
BLICOTa lleTaJ1H, H
OT 0,5 1J.O 0,8
CB. 0.8 JIO 1.,6
CB. 1.,6 1J.O 2,5
CD. 2.5 1J.O 4
npHnyCK I:Jf
10
20
SO
100
150
200
250
300
I,S
2,2
3,S
5,0
6.5
7,5
9,0
10,0
1,.8
30
4,5
6,5
8,0
9,0
11.0
13,0
2.3
3.,7
6,0
8,S
10,5
12,0
13.5
150
3,0
4,5
7,0
10,0
12,0
15,0
16,0
18,0
Taf)JlHUa 70
OmOCHTeJ1W1J.1A AHAMeTp .([eTaJlH C c)l1IaHeM .!!f-
,l1HilMeTp
cJJnaHua DcJJ
.0;0 1.5
CB. 1,.5 JIO 2
CD. 2 no 2,5
CB. 2,5 1J.O 3
npHIlYCK ADcJJ HR CTopOHY
25
50
100
150
200
250
300
2,5
4,0
5.0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
2.2
3,0
4,S
5,0
6.0
7.0
7,5
2,0
2,S
3.7
4,0
5,0
5,S
6,0
1,5
2,5
3,0
3.5
4,0
42
4,5
n p H Me.. a H H e. An- AeT8JleA TOJIIUHHOH, < 0.5 MM npHnycKM no TaM. 69 II 70 CJlCA)'eT Y&e.1lHIJHT H8 30 %..
7.2.2. MeTOJJ.Y paCwreT3 Jl,H8MeTJ)OB sarOTOBoK
)Lng onpeeneHIU JJ;HaMeTpa 3aroTOBKH CJleJt}'eT npHMeHgTb aHaJlHTHqeCKHH H rpal\x>aH3JtHTH1IecKHH MeTOltlJl pac-
'1eT3.
AHanHTHqeCKHA MeTOD
7.2.2.01. PaclIer 38roTOBICH erc. no CpeAHHHOH nOBepxHOCTH zteT3JIH. llnSi onpe,QeJleHIU JJ;HaMeTpa 3aIOTOBICH
C1leJ1YeT nOC'lHTafi BCIO nOBepXHOCTb oopaOOniBaeMOH .QtJa1IH, HCXOJUI H3 BeJlH1IHHW CYMMY nOBepxHOCTeA cocr8BJI.K-
IOIQHX npocThlx reoMeTpHqeCKHX 3J1eMeHTOB (pHe. 145).
Cpe,QHHHOH nOBepXHOCTbIO DeT3JlH H33YBapCJI nOBepXHOCTb, DeJlSlm;a51 TOJIutHay CTeHKH nODOJIaN.
CyMM3 DJIoIIllmeii OTeJlhHYX reoMeTPHqecICHX 3JleMeHTOB  I B MM 2 npHpaBHHBaerc. IC IIJIOIlUlAH 3aroTOBKH F 3w
T. e.:
1tD 2
/=fl +/2 +/3 +... +/" =F3 =--1
(56)
re '. ,/2' '3 · · .,11, - IIJIOIll3.AH eJIbHblX reoMtrplNeCKHX 3J1eMeHTOB (T800. 71).

CornaCRO pac. 145 H Taoo. 7111J1oIIUJAH 3JleMeBTOB paBHY:
It =  -d);
d,
/2 =y. (nd.-4I'1);

ttl
I r
13 = nd1fl ;
3f
/4= 2 .,(+4r);
_3f 2
15 -/id 3 .
PHC 145
D.BaMeTp 3aI'OTOBKH cornaCRO 4>oPMYne (56)
D 3 =1,13 "F 3 -
B TaM. 71 npBB 4»oPMYJIIII AJlK onpeAeJleHIUI 06beMOB H lJJIoeii OOKOBhlX DOBepXHOCTeH H300eHRlJlx 4>H-
ryp B Qe.ux 06JJerqemm pacq:eroB DJloeii areJI1»HHX reoNeTpH'Iecxax 3J1eMeHTOB CJlOIIIIIX mTaNnyeMHX zteTaJleA.
Taf)nllqa 71
IlaHMeHOIIUIHK
reoMeTpH1IeatHX
3c1tH3Y
06J.eMJI
DnOIQ8»
OOKOBOA noxHOCTH
r
..c:
nrzh-m: 2 h
ndh
llHnlflW)
.
rl
r
YqeHHWA
QHJDfHp

nr 2 h +h t
2
n,(h +h 1 )

3c1tH3Y
lCoayc
r
Y ce'leHHhlA
KOayC
r
Ii
'tpera r
WapoBOA
nOilC
..c:
JJ
11
Wapo80A
cekTOJ1
Wapo80A
cenceHT
06J.eMJI
!n;2h
3
I
3 3lh (,2 + +,. '.)
W(3+3+h1)
.1 n;2h
3
nh 2 (,_ ;> =
=nh (f + :>
npoiJol!JI(eHU
'16
DnOIQ8»
&KoaoA no.epxHOCTH
ml =1V " + h "l.
nl(r+rl)
'13rrh
1
2 n ,(4h+D)
1Xrh =*.,,1 +411 2 )

npoOO/lMeHUe
91
HaitNeHQeamuI
reoMC1pIf1leCltMX
3c1tH3Y
06beMJI
I1.DO[QUb
OOKOBOA nOaepXHOCTH
IIonymapHe
nD 3
12
1ClJ2
,--
C spa .1J
1JeDepn.
PHqecxOro
KOJIhU
(BWnyKJIaSl)
h-r
nTl
12 (3nd +8,)
(nd+4r)
2.
d
IIac:'n
PHqeacOro
KOJIhU
(BWIl)'MAa)
h.
PM& I
d
.
x(dl + 'lrh)
1 -x"Q,
-18 0 0
h='.sina
'lam
*PH..ecI:Oro
KOJIhU
(8YJ1)'ICJI&JI)
h.
PM& II
d
3l(dl + 2rh)
.-::
I = 3(,a
J80°
h=r(l-cos a)
.c=
n(dl + 'lrh)
qaCTb
PHqecJ(Oro
KOJIhU
(BWIl)'MAa)
h.
pM&m
n;,a
1== 180 0
h == T(roI fJ - COI( a + fJ)J

IIaHNeHoMJom
reoMeTpHlIecKHX
3c1tH3Y
06J.eMJI
1Iemepn.
ro
KOJDaQa
(BOrHyTU)
npH
h=r.
nil
u(3nd-8r)
IJacn
c4Jeptt'leat0I0
KOJDaQa
(1IOI'HyT8.)
h.
I
.
IJacn
.pH1IeaoI'O
KOAI18
(BOrHyTU)
h.
PM& I

IJacn
.pH1IeaoI'O
KOJDaQa
(lIOnIyTa.
h':..
pM&D

o
00IIy-
ItpyromrG
celleHM
n 2
-dr 2
2
98
HpoOOlUCeHue
IIJIOUtUIP
&KoaoA nOBepxHOCTH
¥ (ml-4r)
n(dl-'1rh)
, _ma
- ISO-
h=,.sina
h (dl- 2rh)
, _ma
- 180 D
h ='(/- rosa)
n(dl-'1rh)
,_ma
- 180.
h =, [rosfJ- ros (a +fJ)J
n 2 dr

99
npoOO/JJlteHUe
HaMMeHOBlHHJI

3CKH3W
06J.eMV
DnOIQ8»
OOKOBOA nO.epXHOCTH
d
YcnellHYA
1C000C
==
cL
2n'(h-d'  )

I1apa6oJlOM.Q
BplllU.elDUl
2,2 h
2 . n I Vi ( il + 1) 2'1 - p3)
3 I)
"
_,2
1)--
2h
R
YU1lCHHWA:
napa6on o .
Bpa_lDIti 
r
: . : f ,,(,2 + R 2)3 -
(R2 +,2)h
- V( p 1- + Yl)3 J
_,2
1)--
2h
7.2.2.02. JLnJl YCICOpeHHJI aBaJIIITJI1IecKHX paC'IeTOB II T300. 72 npHBeHH 4>oPMYJlhI A/lJl oDpeAe.neHHJI AH3MeTpoB
3aroroBoIC HaHOOnee pacnpocrpaHeHIIHX 4>oPM Ten IlpaeHHjI..
Ta 6JJ II qa 72
fI)oPM& TeJI Bpa_lDIti nlfaMeTp 38J"OTOIKH D] H BWCora h
(/2 ' S 0,5.s
-
-
II" Da = Vd + 4d 2 h
...- .
...
.. .

 r oJ - d
r Cr) 
h-
_ IJr; T 4d2
J

100
npoOOllMeHIle
PM& Ten BpaW. eHHg
l{MaNe1]J aal'OTOBKH D H .wcara II
a',
" "> 0,5.s
.....
Da = vD1 +4d 2 h +Vf'rd) +8 ,.2
tt,
h = D) - d}- Vf'rd l - 8,1
4d2
tt z
'M"I <0.5s

DJ = "dl +4d 2 h
ttt
h=D)-tt1
4d2
tt l
1;
"If') > 05
D3 = V d : + 'brr (d) + d 2 ) + 4 n, 2
tI,
d,
"1  r
D'J = Vdl +Vf'rd l +8 ,2 +4d 2 h +vrrld2 +4.56 ,y
t
"=
"1 =,
D3 = V d f +4d 2 h +2n,(d l +d 2 ) +43rr 
h = D) - dr- 2Jlid 1 - Vf'rd 2 - W
4d2
..
ttt
d
a',
.-::-
'i

tit
tl
"1  r
Da = Vdl +vtrd) +8 ,.2 +4d 2 h +2Jli-)d2 +45 611 +d  -d j
"1 = r
D3 = V df + 4d 2 h + 'brr (d ) + d 2 ) + 41rr :l + d  - d ]
h = D-d-'brr(dl +d2)-41rr2_d +d
4d 2

101
npoOolUlCeHue
$opM8 TeJI BelDUl
HaMeTP aal'OTOBKH D H BblCOTa h
.'
'1 r
D3 = vdl +V&d) +8 ,2 +vrr)d2 +4.5 61! +d  - (d2 +2r) )1
'1 < 0.55
DJ = Vdl + 21CnJ) + 8 ,.2 + dj - if
d ,
,) = r
D] = v d f +'brr(d} +d 2 ) + W +d  - (d 2 +2r ):l
D] = 1/d 2 + 2r(ml + 4,)

,
....
r < 0.5s
D]= V d f +21(d 1 +d 2 )
tl
d J
d,
, < O.Ss
D3 = v d : +21 (d) +d 2 ) +d i - d 2
ttt
D3 = v d : +21 (d) +d 2 ) +4d 2 h
it
_ n:-d-21(d) +d 2 )
h- 4d
2

npoOOlUCeHUt!
102
c1JopMa TeJI BelDUl
l1ldMeTp 3afOTQBXll H BWCora h

d
Cf/Jepa R /
.
D3 =Y2df =1. 4Id 2
tl

D3 = V8Rh KIIHDJ = Vd"l +4I& "l
nJ /-d2
h =-HJlHh = 4
8R
Ctpepa R
eft
Ctpepa. R-y
r <0,5,
D] = Vdf+df
r < 0,5,
D3 = Vdl +41& 1,
d
Da = 1.41 Vi;. +'M2h =J Vtl#

h=n)-2d
4d2
.dl
Ctptpo, R- z
H= n)
4(12

103
Opo&.IIJleHUt!
GopNa TeJl llpllltetOOl
.nHP«eTP SIJ01'OID[H D 1I1IYC0T8 h
dt
Ctp8pa R e::: 1
s 
, < 0.5.1
D3 = "'d +ct l + 4d 2 h
dl
d
D3 =  +4(h t +d 2)
d,
r < 0.5,
D3 = Vdr + 4(h  + d2 h 2 )
A
Da = jS r [h - A (arc sin  )] + 4d2 + rh l
n p H N e q a H He. B CJJy'l&e BWTJlJKkH C nOCJlIOeA oope3lCoA K H()MHllUJ,HWN puMepaM 8WCO'I'Y HJIH MeTpa  ao..o.oA ....... HC-
ofix<WtMO npHKTJ. BenH'lHUY npHnycu Ha 06pe3..
rpaoaHanHTHqeCKHi MeTOA
7 .2.2.03. rpaIWIHTIf1IecKHi MeTO.A npRMeH.sIercJl D OCHOBHOM .Q)IJI paclleTa aaroroBOK CJlOHliX TeJI Bpam;eHHJI.
rrOpOK paClIeTa CJlepylOIIUIH:
a) IIH'IeprHTb II HaTYpaJIbHYIO lIeJIHIIHHY WlH II YBeJlH1.feHHOM MacmTa6e DOJIOBHHY AeTaJlH no cpeaHeA JIHHHII C Y1ie-
TOM .1I1I1YCKa Ha oopeslCY;
() ICOHTYP AeTaJIH pa3emrrh Ha OTAenbHhle 3JIeMeHTH. KpllBOJIBHCiiHHe y'l3CTK11 aeJDlTb Ha He6om.mHe OTpe3KH.
lCoropHe YCJlOBHO npHHBMaIOTCS sa np.BMOJ1HHeHHHe (pHC.. 146).

Ta6.rrJfqa 73
Ds r.lp D3 Elp D, r.1p Ds r.lp
20 SO 47 276 74 684.5 101 1275
21 55 48 285,5 75 703 102 1300
22 60,S 49 300 76 722 103 1326
23 66 50 312,5 77 741 104 1352
24 72 51 325 78 760,5 105 1378
25 78 52 338 79 780 106 1404
26 84.5 53 351 80 800 107 1430
27 91 54 364.5 81 820 108 1458
28 98 55 378 82 840,5 109 1485
29 105 S6 392 83 861 110 1512
30 112.s 57 406 84 882 III 1540
31 120 58 420.s 85 903 112 1568
32 128 59 435 86 924.5 113 1596
33 136 60 450 87 946 114 1624
34 144.s 61 465 88 968 115 1653
35 154 62 480.5 89 990 116 ]682
36 162 63 496 90 1012.5 117 1711
37 171 64 512 91 1035 118 1740
38 180.5 65 S28 92 1058 119 1770
39 190 66 S44.5 93 1081 120 1800
40 200 67 561 94 1104J 121 1830
41 210 68 578 5 1128 122 1860
42 220.5 69 595 96 1152 123 1891
43 231 70 612:5 97 [176 124 1922
-
44 242 71 630 98 1200 125 1953
45 253 72 645.5 99 1225 126 1984
46 264,5 73 666 100 1250 127 2016
128 2048 155 3003 182 4140 218 5940
129 2080 156 3042 183 4186 20 6050
130 2112 157 3081 184 4232 222 6166
131 2145 158 -3120 185 4278 224 6272
132 2178 159 3160 186 4324 226 6384
133 2211 160 3200 187 4371 228 6485
134 2244 161 3240 18B 4418 230 6612
135 2278 162 3280 189 4465 232 671S
136 2312 163 3321 190 4512 234 6844
137 2346 164 3362 191 4560 236 6962
138 2380 165 3403 192 4608 238 7080
..
139 2415 166 3444 193 4656 240 7200

OpoOOJU1teHl4e
---
D lp D, lp D , lp Ds lp
. - 0"" -- -
140 2450 167 3486 194 4704 242 7320
141 2485 168 3528 195 4753 244 '7442
142 2520 169 3570 196 4802 246 7564
143 2556 170 3612 197 4851 248 7688
144 2592 171 3655 198 4900 250 78[2
145 2628 172 3698 199 4950 252 7938
146 2664 [73 3741 200 5000 254 8064
147 2701 174 3784 202 5100 256 8192
148 2738 175 3828 204 5202 258 8320
149 2775 176 3872 206 5304 260 8450
ISO 2812 177 3916 208 5408 262 8580
ISI 2850 178 3960 210 5512 264 8712
IS2 2888 179 4005 212 5618 266 8844
153 2926 180 4050 214 5724 268 8978
!
154 2964 181 4095 216 S832 270 9112
272 9248 335 14028 440 14200 545 37128
274 9385 340 14450 445 24753 550 37812
276 9522 345 14878 450 25312 555 38503
278 9660 350 15312 455 25878 560 39200
280 9800 355 15753 460 26450 56S 39903
282 . 465 27028
9940 360 16200 570 40612
284 10082 365 16653 470 27612 575 41328
286 10224 370 17112 475 28203 580 42050
288 10368 375 17578 480 28800 585 42778
290 10512 380 18050 485 29403 590 43512
292 10658 385 18528 490 30012 595 44253
294 10804 390 19012 495 30628 600 45000
296 10952 395 19503 500 31250 610 46512
298 11100 400 20000 505 31878 620 48050
300 11250 405 20503 510 32512 630 49612
305 11628 410 21012 515 33153 640 51200
310 12012 415 21528  .
520 33800 650 52812
315 12403 420 22050 525 34453 660 54450
-
320 12800 425 22578 530 35112 670 56112
325 13203 430 23112 535 35778 680 57800
330 13612 435 23653 540 36450 690 59512

II) no MacmTatSy 1Je)1l'e.a onemrrh AJIIIHY OTpe3KOB '1' , '3 ... 'n. H paCCTOmJUI OT eHTpoB TSlJl::ecTH AO OCH llpa-
IIteHU EI" e21' E3". .E n ;
r) ODPfmeJDlTh B HaHeC'I'II Ha lIepre ellTpli TJlZecTR S JC:oro OTpesxa, KOTOpHe Baxo II cepeAHHe 3THX OT-
pe3KOB;
10 BIaI'IIICJIIITh pa.lIBYC llpalQeHBII Rc II MY eHTpa TJlZecTH ICpBBoA (oopasyJOm;eA TeJJa llpaelUUl) no clx>pMyJle
R = 'IPl + lzPJ + '3P3 + ...lnPn = Lip.
c 't + +13 +... + 1ft LI'
(57)
e) onPeAeJIIITh DOBepXROCTh TeJIa lIp3meHJUI M B M).(2. d)pa30BaHHYIO llpam;eHHeM ICPHBOI AB (pRe. 146) BOKpyr
OCH x-x.
M = 23rRc;L ;
(58)
e R -
c
L=}: L -
OBpeAeJUleTCJI no 4>oPMYJIe 57;
AJIRH8 ICpBBOA, oDpeAeJIJl:eMaii nOMacIDTaC5yqeprea.MY;
JK) Ha OCHOBaHHR paBeHCTBa nOBepXBOCTH M mTaMnye.MoA AeTaJIH DJIOH 33roTOBXH
nm
23rRcL =
H3XOHM
D3 = V8 RcL ·
(59)
rrOllCTaBJISl 3HaqeHIUI
RC= R L=}: It
nOJlY1lHM
 = V82; 1p
(60)
7.2.2.04. ,llnJl YCKopeHHcJ>oaHiJJlHTIf'IecKHX paCileTOll II Ta6JI. 73 npllBeHhI pa3MepY .QHaMeTpoB S8roTOBOK D3
II 33BHCHMOCTH OT BeJlHlIHHhI  1p.
L Ip =/IPI+12P2+13P3+...1nPnt
 }: 1p - cyMM3 npoH311cHHA AJIIIHY J(aoro Y'IacTXa ICpBBoA Ha paCCTOmHe eHTpa TJlZecTR AO OCH.
7_,2.zZ.0 tIe n.pBQgeR BcnOMor3TeJJblUie TJIH1tH A1I1I paClleTa paSMCDOB..saromBoL
7.2.2.06. HHJKe AaH npBMep OnpeJIeHBJI.QHaJ(eTpa 3aroTOBKII J:(eTanH (pRC.. 147, a) rpa4>oaHaJlHTHlleCXHM Me-
TOOM..
Pa3Mephi 3J1eMeHTOIl AeT8JIH C npHllycKoM Ha OOpe3KY nOKa38RH Ha pIIC. 147 t ()..
BeJlHlIHHhI PI H Pz ' 'I B  onPeAe.J6IOTCSI HeDocpeACTBeHHo no cpeJl.HeA J1HRHR qepreza (no MaCmTa()y); BH1lIIHhI
P3 H La no):\cqHTHBaJOTC.K no AaHIIYM, npHBe.QCHHHM II TaM. 74.
'4
OS=R,;
3

Pac'leT 3J1eMeHTOB ,.yrH
Ta6JI "Lta 74
i
a
I =3lR 180"
11 =2Rsin  =2 m h-h z
a ' 2/1
h=R(I-cos'i)=R-/R -"4
os = R!!
I J
I;Ae '. .QJJHBa XOPAY, 101;
, .QJJHBa , 101;
h c:TpeJD:a, 101;
os paCCTOmllle ltO eHTpa TjlXecTR, MM;
S ellTp TjlXecTR rII.
l
n PH" e p. On JUlHHY AYJW I npH R - 16S MM Ha = 33-15'.
PelDeHHe:
a
'0
, == 'oR = 0.580 - 16S = 9,57 MM.
33- 0,576
15' 0.004
33-15' 0.580 MM
)1muI8.JO'I'H 1 0 , MM npHR-l MM Ha < go-.
a. rpan a.MIUI
4
a '. a '0 ez. '0 G- 'G a '0 a '. 0 '.
1 0.018 24 0,419 46 0.803 69 1.204 1 21 0.006 41 0.012
2 0.035 25 0,436 47 0.820 70 1,222 2 22 0.006 42 OO 12
3 0OS2 26 0,454 41 0.838 71 1,239 3 0.001 23 Ot007 43 0 9 013
4 0.070 27 0,4 71 49 0.855 72 1.257 4 0 9 001 24 0007 44 0,013
5 0.087 50 0.873 73 1,274 5 0.001 25 0007 45 O013
6 010S 28 0,489 51 0.890 74 1,291 6 0,002 26 0.008 46 0.014
7 0122 29 0.506 52 0908 75 1,309 7 0,002 27 0.008 4' 0,014
8 0.140 30 0,524 53 0925 76 It 326 8 0.002 28 0.008 48 0.014
9 0.IS1 31 0,541 54 0.942 77 1.344 9 0;,003 29 Ot009 49 0.015
10 0,174 32 0,558 55 0.960 78 1,361 10 0,003 30 0,009 50 0.015
11 0,192 33 0,576 56 0977 79 1.379 11 0,003 il 0.009 51 0.015
12 0.209 34 0,593 57 0995 80 1,396 12 0,003 32 0.009
13 0,227 35 0611 58 1,012 81 1,414 13 0,004 33 0,010 52 O015
14 0.244 36 0,628 59 1.030 82 1,431 13 0,004 33 0,010
15 0.62 37 0,646 60 1.047 83 1.449 14 0.004 34 0.010 53 0.016
16 0,279 38 0663 61 1.065 84 1.466 15 0004 35 0.010 54 0.016
17 0,297 39 0.681 62 1,082 8S 1,483 16 0OO5 36 0.011 55 0.016
18 0.314 40 0698 63 1.100 86 1.501 17 O,OOS - 37 0.011 56 0 9 017
19 OJ332 41 0.716 64 1,117 87 1.518
20 0.349 42 0733 6S 1,134 88 1,535 18 0.005 38 0.011 57 0.017
21 0.366 43 0.750 66 19 0.006 39 0,012 58 0,018
1.152 89 1,553
22 0.384 44 0.768 67 1.169 90 1.571 20 0,006 40 0.012 59 O018
23 0,401 4S O 785 68 1187

Onpe,l\eJleHHe AnHH" ,.yrH I npa a = 90.
n
190.- R
'Ta6n H Ita 75
n p M N e p. Onpe,AeJlHTJ. AJlHH}' JO'I'H , npH R - 41.25 MM.
Pe meHMe:
R 'go-
41 64,40
0,2 0.31
0 9 05 0.08
41.25MM 61,70NN
MM
R '90 0 R '90 0 R '90 0 R '90 0
0.01 0,02 13 20,42 42 65.97 71 111.52
0,02 0,03 14 21.99 43 67.54 72 1131'09
0.03 0.05 15 23.s6 44 69.11 73 114,66
. 0,04 0.06 16 25,13 45 701'68 74 116,14
01'05 0,08 17 26,70 46 72.25 75 117.81
0 9 06 0,09 18 28.27 47 73,82 76 119.38
0,07 0,11 19 28,84 48 75.40 77 120 9 95
0.08 01'12 20 31,42 49 76.97 78 122.52
0.09 0,14 21 32.99 50 78.54 79 124.09
0 9 1 0.16 22 34.56 51 801'11 80 125 66
0,2 0,31 23 36.13 52 81.68 81 127.23
0,3 Ot 47 24 37,70 53 83,25 82 128.80
0,4 01'63 25 39,27 54 84,82 83 130,37
0.5 0 9 79 26 40.84 55 86.39 84 131,94
01'6 0,94 27 42,41 56 87,96 8S 133.52
0,7 1,10 28 43,98 57 89.53 86 1351'09
0.8 1,26 29 45,S5 58 91 t 10 87 13666
0.9 1,41 30 47,12 59 921'67 88 138.23
1 1.57 31 481'69 60 94.25 89 139,80
2 3.14 32 50,26 61 95,82 90 141,37
3 4.71 33 51.84 62 97.39 91 142.94
4 6.28 34 53.41 63 98.96 92 144,51
S 7,85 35 54.98 64 100.53 93 146,08
6 9,42 36 56.55 65 102,10 94 1471'65
7 11,00 37 58.12 66 1031'67 95 149.22
8 12,57 38 591'69 67 105.24 96 150.79
9 14.14 39 61,26 68 106.81 97 152..36
10 15.71 40 62,83 69 108 11 38 98 153.94
11 17,28 41 64,40 70 109.95 99 155.51
12 18,8S

Onpene.neHHe paCCTOJlHHJI A eHTpa TtlIecTH ,.yrH OT OCR Y- Y npH a = 90.
Ta6J1HQ8 76
n pH N e p. OllpeAeJIH11. BeJlIfllHH)' A AJI. R - 52.37 MM.
PemeHHe:
y R A
A
52 33.12
at, 0.19
0.05
52.37 NN 33,36 MM
y
NN
R A R A R A R A
0.01 0.01 13 8.28 42 26.75 71 45 7 22
0,02 0.01 14 8,92. 43 27.39 72 45.86
0.03 0,02 15 9.55 44 28.02 73 46,49
0.04 0.03 16 10.19 45 281'66 74 47.13
0.05 0,03 17 10,,83 46 29 9 30 75 47,77
0.06 0,04 18 11.46 47 29,93 76 48.41
0,07 0,05 19 12.10 48 30.57 77 49,05
(J1'08 0.05 20 121'74 49 31.21 78 49.69
0.09 0,06 21 13.37 50 31,,84 79 50.32
0.1 0,06 22 14.01 51 32.48 80 50.95
0.2 0.13
0.3 0,19 23 1465 52 33,12 81 51.59
0.4 0,25 24 15,29 53 33,76 82 52.23
0.5 0.32 2S 15.92 S4 34,39 83 52.86
06 0.38 26 16,56 S5 35.03 84 53.50
0.7 0,45 27 17.20 56 35,6 7 8S 54,13
Otl8 0.51 28 17,83 S7 36,30 86 S 1,71
0,9 0.57 29 18,4 7 58 36 9 94 87 55,41
1 0 9 64 30 19,11 59 37.58 88 S6.05
2 1,27 31 19.74 60 38.21 89 56,88
3 1,91 32 201'38 61 38,85 90 57,32
4 2.55 33 21.02 62 39.49 91 57,96
5 31'18 34 21.65 63 40.12 92 559
6 3.82 35 22,29 64 40.76 93 591'23
7 4,46 36 22.93 65 41,40 94 59.87
8 5 7 10 37 23.57 66 42.04 95 60,S 1
9 5,73 38 24.50 67 4267 96 611'15
10 6.31 39 24,84 68 43.31 97 61.79
11 7.01 40 25,48 69 43,95 98 62.43
12 7.64 41 26.11 10 44.58 99 63.06

110
OnpelJ;eJleHHe paCCTORHHjI A QeH1p8 TI.ecTM ,.yrH OT OCM Y- Y npH a < 90.
,
n p II N e p. OOpe.l1C11Hn. y n. p H M e p_ OnpeenHn A r
BcnHwHY A npH R=20 .M.JY H BenHQHHY A] "pH R=2S .M.JY
A a=38 1D .  '-
a= 25° . - 0
. 
. eWe . H e: A A R= I] 0 . eWe H H e: Al -A I R= VJ-
-0 .969.20= 191'18 .AC.M. r]J.eG Ao p .. =0.320-25=8 AtM. r.qe A]o B
B.MM paCCl(uume Qefl'I1)a  Y.  . .MM pacCTOJIlfHe Qefl'I1)a  TJI-
TJI)KeC1H AYm OT OCR Y y  I )KeC1H AYm OT OCR Y - Y npH
IIpH R=I.MM.  R=I.MM_
r ....... 

y
G Ao Q Ao a Ao a AI a A.. a A..
0
MM MM MM MM MM MM
30 6 0,9S5 60 0 0.827 30 0 0,,256 60° 0 9 478
1° 1,000 31- 0.952 61° 0.822 1° 0,009 31° 0 7 264 61° 0,484
r 1,000 3 0,949 62° 0,816 -r 0.017 32° 0.272 62° 01'490
3 0 1,000 33° 0,946 63° 0.810 3° 0.026 33° 0.280 63° 0,497
4° 0,999 34° 0.942 64° 0.805 4° 0.035 34° 0,288 64° 0.503
5° 0,999 35° 0.939 65° 0 9 799 5° 0,043 35 0 0 9 296 65 0 0,509
6 0 0 7 998 36° 0,936 66° 0.793 6° 01'052 36° 0,304 66° 0.515
7 0 0,998 31' 0,932 67° 0.787 7° 0.061 3r 0,312 6r 0,521
8° 0997 3tr 0.929 61(' 0.781 8° 0.070 38 0 0,320 68° 0,527
9° 0,996 39° 0 7 925 69° 0,775 9° 0.078 39° 0.327 69° 0.533
100 0,996 40 0 0.921 70° 0.769- 10° 0,087 400 0.335 70. 0,538
11° 0,,994 41° 0,917 71° 0.763 11° 01'095 41° 0.343 71° 0.544
1 0.993 4r' 0.913 72° 0,757 121:1 0.104 4T 0,350 7"r 0,550
13° 0992 43° 0,909 73° 0.751 13° 0,113 43 0 0,3S8 73 0 0.555
14° 0,990 44 0 0.905 74° 0,74S 14 0 0.122. 44° 0.366 74° 0.561
15° 0.989 45 0 0.901 75° OJ 738 15° 0.130 45° 0.373 75° 0.566
16 0 0,987 46° 0,,896 76° 0.731 16° 0.139 46° 0.380 76° 0.572
.
17° 0.985 47° 0.891 77 0 0.725 lr 0.147 41 0,388 77° 0.577
18° 0.984 4SO 0.887 78 0 0,719 18° 0.156 48° 0.395 78° 0,582
19° 0.982 49° 0,883 79 c OJ712 19° 0 9 164 49° 0.402 79° 0.587
-
20° 0.980 50 D 0,,879 80° 0.705 20 0 0.173 50° 0.409 80 0 0,592
21° 0.978 51 D 0,,874 8]° 0.699 21° 0.181 51° 0.416 81° 0,597
22° 0.976 52° 0.869 82 0 0.692 22 0 0,190 5 0,423 8r 01'602
23° 0.974 53° 0,864 83° 0.685 23° 0,198 53° 0,430 83° 01'606
24° 0.972 54 0 0.858 84° 0.678 24° 0,206 54° 0,437 84 0 0.611
-
25 0 0 7 969 55° 0.853 85° 01'671 25° 0,215 55° 01'444 85° 0.6]5
26° 0,966 56° 0,,848 86° 01'665 26° 0,223 56° 0,451 86° 0.620
2r 0.963 5r 0,,843 87() 0.658 27° 0.231 57° 0.458 87 0 OJ) 24
28° 0.960 58° 0,838 88° 0.651 28° 0.240 58° 0,464 88 0 0.628
.
29° 0.9S8 S9° 0,,832 8ff 01'644 2cf 0,248 59° 0,471 8!f 01'633

111
a 90.
'4 =2Rsin 2 =2 · IS sin T = 2 · IS · 0,707 =21,2 MY;
'3 =nR. l. = 3,14 · 15 :. =23,SMM;
OS = IS 21,2 =13 6 MM.
23,5 ' ,
P3 =OS · sin4S. = 13,6 · 0,7fJ7 =9,6MM;
 Ip = 'IPl + £zP2 + '3P3 w: 27 · 40 + 20 · 25 + 23,S · 9,6 = 1806 MM.
OItpyrJUleM I /PAO 6nHxaiweii BeJIH\lHHIJI 1800 MM, YKa33HHOH B Ta6n. 73, H COOTBeTCTBeHHO eii H3XOj:tHM l);Ha-
MeTp saroroBKH D3 - 120 MM.
.1', -to
tJ90
Pz-Z5

'70
I?,
1
IA
Q
I
PHe. 146
PHC. 147
7.3. PACIIET 'lHCJIA OnEPAI(HR nPH BbITJUCKE
IiE3 YTOHEHHJI CKHX JIETAJIEA
7.3:01. Pactler 'lHCJIa onepaI.\HH npH BIiTjlJlCKe npoH3BOJ{H'JU, HCXOJUI H3 MHlUlM3JlhHO l{OnyCTHMoro AH3Merpa BbI-
TSlI'HBaeNoro IUVIHIfJ\P3.
l(HaMerp 1UlJIHHJU)a7 nD1ly1laeMHi npH BHTJlJKXe, OfipelJ;eJljleTCJI DO 4JoPMyne:
a) .QJI5I I-i onepa
d l =m I D 3 ;
.
(61)
() .QJI5IIIOCJIIOIQIIX onepauul (2-i, 3-it, n-I)
d 2 =mzd l ; d 3 =m3 d 2 i d n =m n d n - 1 ,
(62)
u..eHbDIHM 3Ha1leHHKM K634x1>HlUleHTOB BYTJlXKH m COOTBeTCTBYIOT OOnhDIHe Ae4>oPMaltHH).
B WoPMyJlax npHHnH C.1IeJU'IODlHe 0003HaqeHH:
d l ; d 2 ; d!
d n _ 1
d n
m lt m2' m 3t m n -
AH3Merphi BHTJlJKICB I-A, 2-i H 3-A onepaUHA;
AH3Merp BIiTJIKH npenOCJlHeii onep3llHH;
AHaMerp BIiTR DOCJIHeA onepa;
ItOO<M>HqHeHTIal BHTJI&ICH I-it 2-A, 3-i B n-A (nOCJlHeii) onepaHH.

H3MerpH BYTm OIleJUlOTC. no cpeaHeA nHHHH.
7.3.02. BeJlRqBHa KlIUHeHTa BHTJlJlCICH 3aBRCRT: OT B B MexaHlf1lecJCHX CBOHCTB N3TepH8Jl3., OTHomeHHlI
TOJtJJUIIIH K RH8Merpy 3aroTOBICH, cn oco6a BHTSIICH (c npRKHMOM H1IH 6e3 Hero). c npoNe;cyro1JHIaIM OTJlCHrOM HJlK 6e3
Hero, paooqero nJXXIJH.7UI nyaHCOHOB H M3TPHU" YCRJlHI: npllZHMa, 1C311ecTBa nOBepxHOCTH, CXOpocTH BHTjI}I(KH. npHMc-
H1IeMoA'CMa3ICH H T. D.
JJ;oDYCTHMHe KlIUHeHTH BYTgICH BH6HpalOTCSI C yqeTOw DpHBeHHhlx KTOpoB..
7.3.03. B TaM. 78 npRBeJJ;eBY npeaeJIhHWe K03CjxI)H1UIeHTY ml oJJ:llOOnep3IUIOHHoii BIIITK)lCKH nQJThlX IIHJ1HHJl:pH'Ie-
h
CDlX AeT8JleH H neJJhH..e OTHOmeHHlI d npa OnTHMaJlbHOM YCHJlHI: npH:KHM8. BIJICOICOM IC3'1CCTBe nOBepXHOCTH pa-
l
60QHX JJ;eTaJIeii H HH3JroH CICOpocrH Ae4>opMaH.
s s
3HalleHHlI m 1 IIH .QJI5I OTHOLieBBJI D · 100 = 1 · C YBeJJH'IeHHeM OTHomeHH D · 100 K03CjxI)H1UIeHTH BHTJIKH
3 3
AOJI::«HY 6YTL COOTB eT\,-1 B eRKO YMeHbmeHH.
7.3.04. B TaM. 79 npHBe.QellH peOMeHAYeMYe lCo34»eHTY uRoroonepalUloHHoA BHT:sIZICH C npBJKHMOM nOJIIJIX
HJJHHJij)HqecKHX AeTaneH H3 craJIK AJlJI rJlyoomH BWTJmXH, JlaT}'HH B aJIIOMHHHeBIiX CIlJIaBOB AMIt-M, JJ;16A-M
s
(npH paJtHyce M3Tp RN H paJtHyce nyaHCORa Rot p3BROM 4 s) B saBHCHMOCTH OT OTHomeHH D · 100.
3
l' a 6 n M It a '78
OOK83aTeJ1b
BLlT8"'J<H
HaHMeHOBaHHe MaTepHaJI8
CTaJU, 08 H 10
rOCT 1050
nBTYHL n63
rOCT 2208
MapICH aJIlOMHHHeBIdX CI1nUOB no rOCT 21631
AMu-M
16A-M
16A-T
B95A-T I
m.
0.48
0.48
0.50
0.50
0.68
0,70
1L

0.85
0,85
0.78
0.78
0.32
0.28
Ta6JIMlta 79
KOH- OTHOWeHHe  100
t(HeH'I1aJ
BWTJDKKR 0.20-0.30 0.30-060 01'60-1,0 1.0-1.5 1.5 2.0
m. 0.58-01'60 0.55 -0.58 0.53-0,55 0,50-0.53 01'48-0.50
m, 0.79-0.80 0.78-0.79 0.76-0.78 0,75-0,76 0,73-0,75
m, 0.81-0,,82 0.80-0.81 0 7 79-0.80 0,78-0.79 0.76-01' 78
mol 0.830.85 0,,82-01'83 0,81-0.2 0.80-0.81 0.78-0.80
ms 01'86-0.87 0.85-0.86 0.84-0.85 01'83-0 7 84 0.81-0.82
7.3.05. :a Tafin. 80 npHBCHY peOMeHJOfeMllle H1UIeHTH BHTJIKH C npHZHMOM.QJI5I DOJIhlX :QHJlHIUWHQe-
CKBX AeT3Jleii H3 Hep1ltaBelOeH CTMH. THTaHOBHX CIIJIaBOB H APyrHX M3TepH3JlOB (C npoMCJltyro1ffiHM OTZUroM - no
Mepe Ba.t(OOHOCTH).
Ta6nHQ8 80
HaMMCllOBaHUC n MapK3 Ma'.'cplt3Jla
KOacJJ4I It QHCHT DLiTJIJ(H9 III
WI- I..A OI1raUIIiI
WTII 2... It nocnCAYJ011IHX OllcpDuHA
---.----- -
CTaJl.12X13 rocr 5632
.
0.56-0.S8
0.75-0,78
CTaJl 12XI849 rOCT 5632
o .SO-0.52
0.70-01'75
- --------...-......-_--
CT3JlL 12X18H9T rOCT 5632
0.S2 -.0.55
0.78-0.81
-...-............_-..............----

npoOOlIJICeHUe
HaHMeHOBaHHe H MIq)K8 MaTepH8J18 K034>4IIlU1eHT BLlTJI>KI(H. m
WlR I'" OnepatlHH ATUI 2... H nOCIenylOI1IIIX oneplUHA
Cran. 08XI8H12E fOCI 5632
CYan.. 20X23H18 focr 5632
0.51-0.54
0,77 -0,80
0.52-0.55
Cran 20X23HI8 rocr 5632
Cran. 30xrCA roCI" 11268
)keen. 6enu fOCI" 5343 H rocr 9488
I..1MHK rocr 3640
0,62-070
08-0..65
Ot 6 S- O ,70
060
0,78 -0,81
0,80-0,84
0,80-0,85
085 -0.90
UennynOHD- (HarpendR B n:wulMacne JJ,O
t=200 G C) OCT 10182
K0JIC8 (HarpeT4UI B MaC7Ie JJ,O t= 200 0 C
focr 19807
c no.nol'pcaOM
0,40-0,45
0.5 7 -0,61
0.40-0.44
063 -0.65
080-0,85
O,700,72
0.80-085
THTaHOBIdIt eDnU IIT-l &3 nOJJ,Ol'pcaB
TH1'8HOBIdR CIDIU IIT-S 6e3 nOJJ,OrpeB8
rocr 19807
s
n p II M e q a H " e. 1{.ng MaTepH8JlOB C OTHOWeHHeM D 100 < I 6pan fion.IUHe kOHtJ.HeHTW. WUI MaTepH8JlOB C 0'nIDIlJCHHeN
6 3
D 100 > 1 &pan MCIIIaWHe It,,*ul.UfeHThl.
3
7.3.06. KOJIH1IecTBO onepalUlD Al.UI BHT9kH llaao npHMeHJ[eMHX DOJIIIIX pIf1IecICHX rnanHX IC.OJIna1llC08 H3
CTaJDI NapoK 08 H 10 npHBe.t(eHY B Ta6JI. 80; a IUIJIHH.ZIj)HqecKHX Jc:QJlnaqXOB C c1maHQ.eM HS cranK MapoK 08 H 10 - B
TaMHQe 81.
T.6n"a 81
OTHOWeHMe .WCQ1'H Ie: AHaNeT])Y qHJIHIf,IQ)II  0.6 1.4
1IHCJIO onep8QHA 8:wnUIUtH (opHeHTHpOBO'IHO) I 2
] Z5 I : I : 11: I
7.3.07. Ha pRC. 148 aH rpacl)HQecKHi M OneJleHHJI HaleTpoB H KOJlHQecTB3 onepaQRI BHTJlZKH, HCXOjUI as
lIH6paHHIaIX SHaWiead lCoocppHnaeHTOB BHT9kH m.
ITpHMepa:
a) D3 - 200 MM; m l - 0,52; d l - 104 MM;
6) 1P12 - 0,70; d 2 - 72,8 Nft;
B) m3-0,75; d 3 -S4.5MM.
Ta6nHa 82
OmoweHHe lJ)IaMCTpa cl»n8HUa OmOWeHHe BhlC011d Ie JJ;H8MeTpY IUUIHHl1Pa 
I( JUl8MeTpY UHnlDlJJP8
 0.5 1 I 2
D
'IRcno oncp8UHR BJdTJDlCKH (OpHeHTHpOBO'UlO)
1.5 I 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 3 4 S

280--
C t
M     W   
.J1UDMerp 6MTJi;JltKU IUll-ii 2-il It 6p. onepa'4W1x d, MM
 160 - ----
...
Q 210.... - - --- - - --
-
::=s
 210

A

QJ 200 I

:J
;:r "0 -- - - -----
2.

s:=
c 160
1::1

:r ,.0


 #10 --- -- --- -

 A2
 'DO

CD
e -  - -
Q -- - .---
C\)

 ------ -- --

 to ---- -- - ---
&
Puc. 148
7.4. nPH)J(lfMbl (CKJlAAKO,nEP)KATEJlH)
7.4.01. npHJKHM sararD8leH npHMeHReTC9 A1IJI nOTBpaIqeHH.oopa30maHH5I CKJIOK H8 creHxax HJlH cJmaHqe Ae-
T3JJH npH rnyooKoK BIiTgJ(e. YCHJIHe npHJKHM3 .QOJI)I(HO fiHTh nOC1lHTaHO corn8CHO paSA. 7.2.2. nOB:&ImeHHe aBJIeHHJI
IUJl3h1B3er Y8eJ1H'IeHHe YCHJIH BhlTJlJKIeH, tAro npHBOHT Ie OTPBY Ha HJlH cJ:maHU3 .DeT3JJH; HellOCT3roQHOe .D8BJ1eHHe
npHJKHM3 cnoco6cTBYeT OOpa30BaHHIO CICJ13.nOlC.
YAMbHlJle A3BJleHHJI npu;«HM3 AJl5I paSJIHQIWX MaTepHaJlOB .QaHH S T8Wr. 115 H 116.
7.4.02. npJIIHM pelCoMeHJ:U'eTClI npHMeH5ITIJ .DJtj[ 8HT5I'I(ICH H3 IUIOCKOH saroroBKH npH
D 3 -d l > 22s
(63)
IUIH
 · 100 < 4.5(1 - m l ),
3
r.lle D3
d l
s -
d l
ml =- -
D3
AH8MeTp I1.lIOCKOH 33roTOBKH, MM;
v
J:1HaMeTp nepBOH BhlTgXKH, MM;
TOJIII\HHa M3TepHa.na, MM;
J(HIlHeHT nepBoA SHTJI)I(KH.
n pH M e II a H H e. PMY.na (63) HMeeT npH6nH.eHHhlA xapalCTep. TalC UK He Y1(HTWBaeT 4»t3MICO-MeX8lfJNeClCMe c80ACT118 MarepH8JUL.
7.4.03. Ha Pile. 149 npHBelieHY rpa4JHKH no sw60py THDa npecca 8 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OTHOmeHH  · 100 H
S 
d · 100, 8 T8K*e Ko34xl>HlI)leHTOS BhlTJlJlCKH m 1 H m n IUIJIHHJq>H1reCKHX .QeTueA H3 BhlCOKODJIaCTH1UIIIIX NeT3JIJlOB
rt- 1 -
H CDJIaBOB (CX:H, naTYHR. 3JIJOMHHHJI).

115
4JO
3
.
.: 1 '1 4fj
 J:
::t  aiO  --
S I
Ioi .. E Qf5
2 j q
:: l cS  Q70 - ----
 II 2.
 - 
3' E  Q7. 'J:-
 ::s :a ()  ---
:s 
 :os
 !- ij ll80
-:J  .e
:a 0 
;I I  1l6.5
PHC. 149 ,1:1  \J
J - nepllllil IIWTSI)"U Ha   i
npeccax JUIORHOro JleACT- ; 
BMII; 2 - nep.. Bblt.JUa ::t
Ha n pecx:ax npoC'J'Oro eA-
CTBHII &3 6yct»ePHOro ycr-
poAc-ma; J - nOCJleJO'lO-
IltHe BhlTJI)JtJtH Ha npeccax
BOAHOro eAcT8H.; 4 -
nocne)!yIODtHe BWTIi)Km
H8 npeccax npoC'IOlO eA-
CT8HK
I
I
.I-
I
//
/
/
1195
f'f\ . IIoc)
OrHOIUHue -k- · 100 (2 II ft." 8It1rR d J-. .100)
-a n-l
Ko34xl>Hl\HeRT m n A8H C yqerOM npHMeaea:u: npoMe)'TO'IBOIO OT'ZHI'a B Be pacopocrpaHJleTCJI Ha MHuroIlUaK-
OBHllle npeccw-aBTOM8TW B Ha lDTaMDOBY II JlCHTe. nyBKTHpoM nOIC83aHH "puye ICO*imu.ae HTOB BYTDC.KH AU Ma-
JlODJJ8CTJI1IHHX lIeT8JIJIOB.
npBMepH:
a)  · 100 =2. HaxoAIDI OllTllM3JlbHHe 1t00000e........ BYTSZKH no lUlrpaMMe (pRC. 149): m. - 0,56 H m 2 -
3
0,75. .lI,mt BHT JIZXB ,.eT8JDI Be06x Q1tJI u o DplDleHBTb npecc D J)OCIO ro eACTBHJI (t5es fiYHOro ycrpoAcna);
6) ; · 100 = 0,5. OnemleM OIlTllM8JlbJIHe 1C0*im 8111T)I;lt1CH no AHarpaMMe: m 1 - 0,525 B m2 - 0,7.
3
.lI,mt BYTKX1CH l1eT8JIB Be06xOJIIIMO DplDlellllTb npect ABOlBoro eACTBIDI (HJIH npocTOro eACTBHJI c llHeBM3TH1IecKHM
fiy4JepoM). HaitJleHHWe pemeRRs[ COOTBeTCtB YJOT pemeBBtIM no cIJopMyne (63).
7.4.04. B SHTSIHHX mT8MBax II OCHOBROM npHMeHJI DJlOCICHe npHJKRMY (pHC. ISO, a). npHXHMN C 6yprHKOM
(pHC. ISO, 6) DplDleHtIIOttJl npH BHTDCKe eTaneA H3 TOHkoro MaTepH8Jla C MaJlliM 4>Jl3HIteM H SHallHTeJlbHblM HY-
COM 38lCpneHHJI MaTPHInI.
7.4.05. .lI,mt 8HTJlZKH KOHYCIIHX B *pH1Iecmx l1eTa.neA Ha npeccax JJ;BoIHOro AeHcrBHJI npHMeHIOTCJI ICOHH1Ie-
CKHe HJIH a1>epH1lecKHe npIDDIMH, XOTOpye BafiOJlHJDOT .poJIh OnOJlHJlTeJlbHoro nyaHcoHa (pHC. 151).
tl

PHC. ISO
PHC. 151
7.4.06. npHHMhI C Orp3IfH11HTeJIeM (pHC. 152 H 153) DplDleHIOTCJI 8 Tex CJlyqaJlX, lCorna He06XOJUlMO BhIJ{epzu-
BaTb OnpeAeJleRHwH 3330p 00):1 npHZHMOM II Te1leHHe BCero X0;:13 nyaHcoHa MS npeAOTBpaIQeHWI CJlHIIIJ(OM CIIJIhHOro 33-
KlIMa 3aroTOBICH. 3Ta ICOHCTJI peKOMelU\YeTCjI npH BYTJlJlCKe l1eTa.neA H3 TOHKOro M3TepHaJla, a TaJCe C IDKpoKHM
4maHu.eM Ha npeccax npocroro l1eHcrBHJI, CHa6JKeHHHX pe3HHOBHM IInH npyXWHHIiM fiy"'epoM.
(}rpaHHIIHTeJIJIMH npa_HMa M3repHaJla MOryr cnY1ltRTb ynopy, npoKH, J{OJIh CMOHTHpoBaHHye Ha MaTpHue
H1IH npHHMe. '
3a30P Me npHZHMOM B M3TPHU.eA Znp II MM npHRRMaercjl paSHIIlM:
a) MS BIiTJlmcH AeT8JleA C 6on1DHM 4>Jl3HQeM
Z,." = s + (0,05+0,1);
fi) MS 8HT-*KH B3 IIJ)OBaJI era.neA H3 8JIIOMHRHeBhlX CI1JJaBOB
(64)

116
Znp - 1,ls;
(64a)
8) A1IJI 8HTH-'lCKH .BeTMeA HS TOHKOJIHCTOBOH cr3JIH
2,." < 1,2s,
(646)
rAe s - THHa MaTepHaJIa.
BWT5I)KK.a H3 nnocKoA saroTOBIC.H
1
PHc.152
1 - MaTpHu.a; 2 - npM*MM
BhlTSUKlCa M3 DonoR 3aI"OTOBKH
PIIC. 153
1 - MatpHu.a; 2 - npH*MM
7.5. WTAMnbI AJISI BbITSlXKH DPJlMOyrOJIbHbIX nOJIbIX .nET AJIER BE3 cDJIAHI(A
7.5.1. OTJIH'IHTeJlbHNe OCo6eHHOCTH 8YTJlJKICH npAMoyroJILHX ,u.eT8J1eii
7.5.1.01. npoecc cI>oPMoHSMeHeRHJI npOTeX3er S CJlO:';HYX ycnOBHX: H3 ICpHBOJIHHeiiHHx Y'I8CT1Cax npoHCXOABT
BblTlIlCa, a Ha DpBMOJIHIIeimYx - ICoM6uHHpoBaHHYA npoltecc rH6KH H 8IiTjJJKlC.H.
PaC1IeThi BIJITJlIKH npgMOYroJIbR:&IX nOJlLlX l1eraneii npoH3BOJ(JlTCjI C Y'IeTOM cneA}'IOIQHX YCJJOBHii:
a) paBeHCTBa nOBepxHOCTeA roroBoii AeTaJIH, npoMe)K)'TO'1HIJIX onepaU)lR H nnOIq8J:\H DJlOCKOH 33roroBICH;
6) paBeHCTBa CTeneHeii l1ecJ>oPMalUlH no lCopOTKoii H lIJIHHHOH crOpoH8M H S yrnax A3JlH;
8) OrpaHHlIeRHJI CTeneHR l1ecJ>oPMalUlH 33 Kaii nepexo.
7.5.1.02. npH TexHOJIomqC(%RX paClIeT3X BhlT.sI:ltICH npDfOyro1IhHYX UOJIYX AeTaneii CJ1eJU'eT pa3JIH1I8Th SHT5I;:«X:Y
HH3KHX H 8HCOKHX AeT3JleA. Pac'leT napaMerpo8 8H11IJCH npoH3BOHTCSl OTAeJlbff A1IJI HH3IC.HX H BHCOKHX AeTaJ[eH.
Y CJlOBHO npHHJlTO ClIHTaTb npKMoYl'OJIbHllie AeT3.IIH HH3KHMH npH OTHomCHHH p < (0,6.. .0,8) H 8liCOKHMH npH
H np
B > (0,6.. .0 1 8) ·
H np H B a603H8QeHH H8 pHC. 154.
H 0 8HCOTa I'OTOBoA l1eT3JlH;
AHo - npHDyclC Ha oope3KY, ofipeJ:\eJUleMhlH no TaM. 83.
T. 6n M 1.\8 83
Ho 10 20 30 40 SO 70 100 125 ISO
AHo 1.5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4,5 5.5 6..5 7,5 atS
n p H N e WI a H He. JI.nR aeTaJ1eA ....COTOH CBWwe 150 NM npHDYCKH ua ofipeay BbI..HCJUITb no cjx>pMYJ1e

111
dHo =0,75 · VH o
(65)
7.5.1.03. npee WleM DPHCTyDHTI» Ie pacileTy BIiTZICH (paCqeT lIercJl no cpelIHeii JlHHHH), ("JIeT ORpe.AeJIBTh
napaMerphl npJlMoyroJlhHOA BYTJmlBaeMOH AeTaJJH (pilC. 154): i
L r
OTRomeHHe CTOpoH II tulaRe B ;
H
OTHOCHTem.HyIO BYOOTy T i
S
OTIIOCHTeJIhHYIO TOJIIItHHY M8TepHana B · 100 ;
t
. .. 

.-l-
ICpllTH1IecKD pazutyC IIYTJUKKH R" = 0,1 v H rq/J .
rr ___ .+ .. 

H
OO1IomelOle BYCO'rH IC parotycy 8 yr1lY =.!Y!. i
'n
L
PHc.154
7.6. PA BbITJI)KKH HH3KHX IIPSIMOyrOJlbHhIX nOJIbIX AETAJIER
DPH H;p « 0.6...0.8)
7.6.1. OnpeeHHe IOJllPlecTBa onepaQHH
H L s
7.6.1.01. n})eJJ;eJI:bHllle omomeHIU =;t II S3BRCHMOCTH or OTHomeHd B H B ' lip. ICOTOplllX B03MO BYTiIXICa
npDrfoyroJlhHIIIX eTaneii (PHC. 154) II QZ{By ouepaU,llJO. npHBeHli II TaM. 84.
7.6.1.02. ECJIH XOTJI 6H o H3 YU3aIlllHX COOTRomeHBH He YAOBJleTBDpKeT 8eJIH1JIIHaM, npHBeHHHM II TaM. 84,
CJIeT DCMOTpen MHoroonepaQ.RORHYIO IlliTilJltICY.
Ta6J1lt1.\8 84
OTHOWeHHe OTHocHTenwmg TOJD.l.uma M8TepH8na  100 OTHOWeHHe
CTOpOH  Hn;p
OT l,s no 1..0 MeHee I no 0..6 MeHee 0.6 AO 0,3 'D
npel1 enYloe OTHOWeHHe DJJ DpH BIdTJDlClCe
. OAHY onepaIUllO
1,0 01'70 0.63 0.56
1.2 0,75 0.67 0,60
1,5 0.80 01'71 0.64 10
2,0 0,90 0.81 O72
2.5 0,95 0,85 0,76
31'0 1,00 090 0,80
7 .6.2. OnpeeJleHHe cj)oPMbI H paSMepoB nnocmH aaroTOBKH
H nl!..
A. npH OTHomeHHHH B < 0.3
H 7.6.2.01. CI>OPM3 aaI'OTOBKH AU IIYTJIJCH B OJ(HY onepalUlJO HHSICHX npiIMoYI\11lhRYX l1er8.1leA C OTRomeHHeM
T < 0.3 (pHC. US) ycrauaB.1lHB3eTCfl 8 CJIe.AYIOlI\;eM nopxe:

liB
a) CTpoHTCSI npJlMoyroJlbHHK co CTopoHaMH  H Bo:
Lo =L+2H np -0, 86r a;
(66)
Bo =B +2Hnp - 0, 86r a;
(67)
6) 8Ii:'1HCJIeTCJI P3JU1yc YCJlOBHott 3aroTOBJCH 8 yrJlax R,
R, = "1, + 2r ft (H ';" - 0,43r {}) ,
(68)
ecJIH rn=ra, TO R,=== V2 Hrtp -r n ;
(68a)
B) CTpoHTC yrJloBoii KOHTYP saIOTOBKH, AU qero OTpeSOIC ab .Q:eJlJIT nOD0JI3M H H3 T01JKH 0 npoJIT IC3CaTeJlhHYIO
Ie A)'re pa,nHYca R" l10CJIe qero yrJIY Me IC3CaTeJlhHOii H np5lMHMH CTeHlCaMB CJCpyrmilOT p3JIHycaMH R,.
L,
b


 H34enue
l

GIi:I
Puc. I S5
Iln
Hnp-U,I/ 3 'A
L
--::
B. npH OTHomeHHIt Hnp >0,3
H 7.6.2.02. Q)0pMa 3aroTOBJCH AU BYTJI)KKH S OJ(HY onepa HH3KHX npJlMOYIU1lWlHX l1eraneii C OTRomeHBeM
T >0,3 ycr3H8BJlHB3ett51 B C1Ie.A}'IOIneM nKe:
a) onpe.ne.nSlIOT AJlHHY H mHpHHY npJlMHX CTOpoH pa38epTKB H P3JU1yc yc.nOBHOii 3aroroBKH .. yrJlax no cj)opMynaM
(66-68, a) H crpoJiT pa38epTKY (XOH<j)HrypaUX51 DJlOCKOH 3aroTOBICH 9aBHCHT or COOTHomeHHj[ 8eJIH'IHH R,; R 1 ; Hop H
ra, Kax DOK333HO Ha pHC. 156.. .159) ;

No
Ni
R"
..... 


I

H31enue

-CQ
Hnp -fJfJJ 
b
l
II",

Lo
PHC lS6

t -Ilf (L -21;,)

"-

q.

I
 M.1lel1ut
t c..
GIi:I

c;

 -=-


" -QI
.fi:II
Hn -QIJ3r;
L
PIfC. 157
II",
6) onen:SlIOT YBeJlH'leHHhlii paItHYC II yrnax R.:
R, = Ry · X t
l 4S{L -2'iJ)
...


I-)
..
...
I
 H34n"e

l
'"' 
 2
C'\I,
I



U
-Q
11,
HII -4fJ L
Lo Ptic. 158 HII
t-4S(L -2r tt )
..


q.
'"
I
 HJdeAUC
...
t GIi:I
--...
 1

e GIi:I


.
-Q
h
p-4fJ L
L, PHC. 159 Hn

120
rAe Ry HaXQIUIT DO c!x>pMynaM (68 H 68a);
lCoHIlHeHT x - no Taw.. 85 HJJH no c!x>pMyne
R
x = 0,074 · (2; )2 + 0,982 i
n
(7())
B) YMeHhmaJOT A1IHNY B IDHPHHY pa3BepTICB H8 BemttlRJIJII h. H , 1C0000lie onJlIOT no 4»oPMy.naM
R 2
h =  . Y .
a L- 2r '
"
(71)
R 2
hb = B- Y 2r · y.
n
(72)
Ko3<PcPHeHT y ycraHaBJIHBaJOT no TOOn. 85 HJIH no clx>PMYJle
y=O,785(-I).
(73)
TafiJlHI.\& 85
OTHOCIITenWWl BIdCOT8 AeTlJIH Hop
B
rn 0.3 0.4 O,s 0.6 O7 O8
B
3HaQeHHJllCo34$HUJleHTOB
J( , x y J( y x , x y JC ,
0.10 1,07 0.12 1.09 0.15 1,12 020 1.16 0.27 1.20 0,15 1.25 0.45
0,15 1.05 0.08 1,07 0,12 1.10 0.11) lt 1 2 0,20 1.15 0,26 1.19 0.33
0.20 1,04 0.06 1.06 0.09 1.08 0.13 1.10 0.16 1.12 O20 1.14 0,24
0.25 1,035 0,05 1.05 0.08 1.06 0.1 () 1.08 0 7 12 1.09 0.15 1.11 0,18
oM
0.30 1.03 004 1.04 0.06 1.05 0.08 1.06 0.10 l t 07 0,12 I t 09 0,15
L
n p It N e ., a H He.. npM OrHoweHHH cropoH B > 2.5 nonpBIC8 ha ... WHPHH)' pl3&eJ)TItH He BBOHTCa..
r) crpoHT DJl3BHIIIH ICOHTYP 3aroroBKH, conp5lraJi CTOpoHH H J{y1'H B ymax pa,nHycaMH R. H Rb (pRC. 156).
L H
7.6.2.03. Ec.na OTHomeHH B H =:- COOTB C'I(.J II YIOT TaM. 84, DO OTHOWeHIIe H IfI) > 10 , IIYTtVltIC8 np0H3l1OHTC II
Wle onepaIl)lH. KORTYP Q DOJIOH saroroBKH nOCJle I-A onepa1UlH BHTJI H KOmyp "roTOBoH AeraJUI DOIC83aH8 Ha pIIC. 160.
7.6.2.04. nOCTpoesHe KOHTYpa uOJIoA 3aroTOBJCH Bercil 8 CJle,IO'IOIQeM nopUlCe:
a) onpeJ!eJllUOT BCDOMOraTeJlhHWH YroJIp 8 rpaq no cIJoPMYJle
ru;:
p=45 (1-f1i!:-) ,
,."
(74)
6) onpeAeJltllOT BcnOMoraTeJ1bH}'IO SeJ1H'lHHY b 8 MM no 4x>PMyne
b =O,SB · tg .
(75)
.
"

121
EcnH b < (3+4) · s TO em 3HaqeHlle npHHHM810T paBKbIM 4s H nepeC'lHThlBalOT 8eJIHIJHHY P ;
II) BhI'lHcn5UOT yc 3aKpyrneHHR CTOpoH Rb II MM DonOH 38rorOBKH H yrnoBoH paI{HYC RI 8 MM nO 4x>PMyn8M
o,5B - r ll
R b = Sinp +R j
(76)
R L = 1,lr n ;
(768)
r) ByqBCJUlIOT mBpHay BI B MM H AJlHHY L) 8 MM DonOH 3aroTOBKH no 4x>PMynaM
Bl = (B - 2r.J (I + tg ) + 2.2, n ;
Ll =(L-B) +Bl;
(77)
(77a)
) SH'IHCJlSlIOT 8HCOTY HI nOJIOH 3arorosKH no 4x>pNYJle
HI =0.,9Hnp.
(78)
0003H8QeHHSI J( 4x>PMynaM YKa3aHH Ha puc. 160.
Il1IOCKaJl 3araroBICa paccqHTYBaeTCjI cornacRO n. 7.6.2.
I.
II
L
t,
PHC. 160
Ht
Hn
7.6.3. BWTJlZX:8 6e3 npHmtM3 npiIMoyroJlbHhlx nOJlhlX l1eTaJleH
H np
7.6.3.01. BhlTJlZKa &3 npHJltHMa npDlOYIW1hHOH AeTaJIH 8 OAHY onepanHIO OCYll\eCTBHM3, ecJIH < 14 t npH
s
 r n
D):\HoBpeMelUloM co6nlOAeHHH OTHoweHHA B < 0, 7 H S > 1 ·
7.6.3.02. BhlTRzlCa &3 npHZHMa Ha 2-ii onepaD.HH OCYlQecTBHM3, ec.nH cOOmo):{eHO YCJlOBHe
B l - B < (12+14) s.
(79)
7.6.3.03. npH B:bITDKKe &3 npHHMa 8 yrJlax MaTpHqIJI B03HHXalOT OOJlhmHe YCHJlHjI, Kooophie npHBOLUIT Ie CMRTHIO
MaTepHaJIa H 3HpaM creHoK M3TPHqIJI. nOOMY TaKajl BhlT5IxtIC3 MO;tCeT 66Th peKoMeHAOsaaa TKO AJ1 AeTa.neii H3
MSlrKHX M3TepHaJlOB (aJuoMHHHSI, MH, JlaTYHH).
7.6.3.04. Ha pHC. 161 H 162 DOUS8HH omHM8J1bHhle 4x>PMH paOO'IHX npo4)JlJleii MaTp npH 8HTe 6e3 npWKHMa.
MaTPHU8 C KOHH'IecKBM 8XOAHYM npo4)HJ1eM no yrJloM 30. (pHC. 161) npHMeH5IeTCiI npH Ko34$HUJleH'te 8LIT5IJKkH
m > 0,6. MaTpHlUI C ICpll8000HHeHHblM Dpo4>HJIeM (pac. 162), npHMeHJleTCSI AJ1 BhlTJI"'KH 6e3 npH:JKHMa npH IC03e!xPH-
HeHTe BhlTiI)I(KB m < 0,6. PaOOllHH npo4>HJlb MaTpHl(bI pacCQHThiBaeTC.K p33JteJIbHO AJ1 npJlMhlX yll8CTkOJJ H A1UI a-
ICpyrneHHH S yrnax npJlMoyroJlbHoH AeTaJJH. Y1laCTKH CDeJnIJdUOTCJllIJIaBHIiMH nepeXO,AaMH.

JJ
R-40SIJ
J)
R4jo
RSs
eos

..
PKC. 161
d
o
d
PHC. 162
H
1.7. PACWIET Bbl'NIXKH BblCOKHX npSIMoyrOJIbHbIX nOnbIX AETAJlEA: nPH ;: (0.6...0.8)
7.7.1. OnpeJ(eJleHHe ICOJDPIecTB8 Onepa14HH
HlJp
7.7.1. 01. TIP H OTHoweHHH B BIJIWe 3HBlleHHH, npHBeeHHliX 8 _6n. 84, H SHalIeHWIX H np > 0,4L, L < 5B H
r n :> 0, I VB  AJ1.51 H3rorOlSJleHHSI npJlMOyroJlbHLIX AeTBJleii Tpe6yeTcR HeCXOJlhKO onepanHH. KOJIHlleCTBo HX onpee-
JISieTCH no TaC5Jt. 86.
Ta6nHqa 86
s
OmocHTeJlbH8JI TOHHa ycnOBHolt 38roTOBKH Sy = 11113V F · 100
KoJUl-
1JeCTBO
onepal(1fA
OT 20
no I,S
MeHee l,s
no 10
MeRee 1.0 MeHeeO.6 MeHce 0,3 MeHee O,IS
no O no 0.3 11.0 0.15 no 0,08
J;L L +B-O 86rn
CYMMapBwl: K 0 3<l>4»HlUfeHT BhlTJDI(KM me = - D - = 
1r. Y 1.75 F
2
0,44
0.46
0,48
0,50
OJ2
OJS
0,33 O,3S 0,38 0.40 0,42 04S
0,26 0,28 0,30 0.32 0.35 038
0 11 21 0.23 0,25 0,27 0.30 0.33
0.17 0.19 0,21 0 1 23 026 0.29
0,14 0,16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.2S
3
4
s
6
7
YcnOBHHe 0603HaqeHH
Dy
L
F
"
AHaMeTp ycn08HOH 3aroroBKH.. MM;
nepH.MeTp l1eT3JIH, MM;
- 2 Ifv...
CYMMapHaJl WlOlQQh nOBepXHOCTH IIHT.tIrHBaeMOH AeT8JIH, MM  onpea;eJJeTCj( nO'l"lPMyne
F = LB - O.8 + 2(L + B - O.86r n) (n np - O.43ra) .
(80)
OCT3JlhHhle 0603HaQeHHg - CM. pIIc. 154.

7.7..2. OnpeJ\eneHHe 4>oPMbI H pa3MepoB nJlOCKOH 3aroTOBKH
7.. 7 .2.01. nJlOCKaS saroroBK3 WUI BHTSI)f(KH KBaJijJaTHblX nOJIblx eT3J1eH HMeerr c;IJopMY Kpyra, AHaMeTp KOTOporo D3
B MM onpel{eJUleTCii no cIx1pMYJle
D3 =: 1,13 VB/. - 0,86 · r; + 4(B - 0.43r n ) (Hnp - 0,43 · ra)
(81)
npHHHThte B c;IJopMYJle (81) 0603H31JeHH5I nOK3S3HIJI H3 pHC. 163.
7.7.2.02. IlnOCK3J1 3aroroBxa AJlII BNTJIICH npJlYOYroJIbHhlX nOJIhlX AeT8neH HMeerr c;IJoPMY 3nJ1Hnca, OHaKO AJlII 06-
JIeI"leHH5I H3roTOBJIeHHg mTaMDOB 9JL1IHnC cnel{yeT S3MeHHTb OBMON (pHC. 164), OCH KOTOporo onpel{eJUllOTC5I no c;IJop-
MYJJaM
Lo = v I ,27 F + O,SC L
(82)
Bo = v l27F- 0,SC 2
(82a)
me LoBBo -
C
OCH OBana, NM;
paccroilHHe Me c;IJoKycaMH 3J1J1Hnca C OCSlMH , paBHhlMH OCSiM OBaJIa B MM
C =V(L-B ) (L+B- 0,76r n ),
(83)
F paCC1IHTHBaeTCJI no c;IJoPMYJJe (80).

'q
l
f -- - - --:--',--
_ _ ___ t_ _ _
7b-
:l'
t-



+

,.

Ii!
+
JIJ8DmolKO
/lemanb
JlIaDlno6Q
L

cac;a
L
----
J
PHc.163
L,
PlfC. 164
8
7.7..2.03. PHYCH OBaJIa R" H Ra B NM paa..'1JHTaTb no 4x>pMy.naM
o 0
0,707 · B
R - 0
" -
o
.
I
(84)

O,25(L + ) - Lo · RIJ
R = 0
GO B -2R IJ
o 0
(84a)
Q003H3lleHH, DpHHJlThle B 4x>PMynax, nOXa33HY Ha pIIC. 164.
7.7.3. OnpeAeJleHHe cjJoPMW H paSMepoB BblTJlJ[elC Ha npoMe.YTO'IHblX onepaqHilx
7.7.3.01. PacqeT c!x>PMIi B pa3MepoB IlIiTelC H3 npoMezyro1lHIJIX onepaIUfilX CJleeT npoH3BOHTb, H3'1HHaSl C
pacqeT3 nOCJIe,lnIeii onepaH.. D:JliI YCT3HOBJIeHIUI 4x>PMli BiIJJC:J{H H3 npeADOCJIe,lnIeii onepaUHH OnpeL{eJlKJOT
XpHTH'IecKHii paAHYC 3aJCpyrJIeHHJI B yrJl8x Rk CornaCHO n. 7.5.1.03..
7.7.3.02. l!n,. KBaJij)3THOA lIer3JIH, Y KOTOpoH r n > R", DpenOCJle;nmil IlliTJDlCIC3 KNeeT (j>opMY xpyra, a A7UI npJl-
MOYroJIhHOR eTaJlH - 4x>PMY 3JL1IHDCOBIfJUIOro ODana (pac. 165).
7.. 7 .3.03. l!n KB3Jij)3THOIT Jter3JIH, Y 1C000poA r IJ < R", npcmnOCJle,lnliUI BIIITJlXK8 HMeer 4x>PMY KB3Jij)3Ta c BwnYK-
nbIMH CTOpoHaMH t a AU DpJIMOYroJIbHOii Jter3JIH - 4x>py npMoyrom,HHKa C BHnYICJ1HM11 cropOHaMH. B HacroJIIQeM
cnpaBOllHHKe DpHBeH p3C11eT 33roTOBXJI TQJIhKO npH , n > R" .
7.7.4. OnpeeneHHe cjJopMW H pa3MepoB BLlTJlIeK AeT8neA c pa;J.HYC8MH B yrJl8X , n > R"
7.7.4.01. BhITa KB3JQ)3TllolteTaJIH Ha DpeADOCJIe;nteA onepaU,HH "MeeT 4x>PMY xpyra, AHaMeTp KOroporo d n - 1
onpeAeJISleTC1i no 4x>PMYJIe
d n - I = 1.41 · (B - O,38,,J t
(85)
me B H , n 0003Hal4eHhI H3 pRC. 163.
7.7.4.02. Pa3MepH H3 OCT8JThHHX DpoMeYTO'IHhIX onepawln BIiT9:&KH CJle pacc'lHTIJIB3Th DO MeroKKe. Dpa-
BeHHOR B D. 7.3.
7.7..4.03. AnSI DpllMOyrQJlhHhlX eTaJleii D0JI3i1 saroroBKa DpeztllOCJ1 1l1iT9:&KH (pac. 165) BMeeT 4x>PMY OBaJIa.
OCM Xal'Oporo onpeJI1OTCJI DO 4x>PMYnaM
Ln-I =L-B+2RIJ ;
n-I
(86)
B I = VL I -C 
IJ- IJ-
(86a)
me RIJ - MeHhDIHA paAHYC ODana, NM;
n-I
RIJ =0,707B-0 9 26r n ;
n-I
(866)
LHB
C
paSMephll"OT080A Jter3JIH pac. 165,
paCCTOj[HHe Mey c!x>KycaMH 3J1JlHOca C OCHMH, paBHYMH OCDf OBaJla. OnpezteJIeTC DO 4x>PMYJle (83).
7.7.4.04. 6oJJmoii: paAHYC 3aKpyrJJeHIUI OBa.na Ra II MM H3 npenOCJlea.Hf;ii onepaHH onpeL{eJljleTCS nO 4x>P-
n-I
Nyne
0,25. (-I-B-l)-Ln-l · RIJ I
R = IJ-
alJ_I Bn_1 - 2Rb
n-I
(81)
7.. 7..4.05. BJiCOT3 H n _ I B NM BIIIT Ha Dpe.u;DOCJIeHeH onepaIUIH onperteJIjleTC1i DO 4x>PMYJle
H IJ __ J =0,86Hnp.
(88)

npHHgTllle 0003H3QeHIUI nOICa33HbI H8 pHe. 165.
7.7.4.06. BooMOOCTb nOJlY'IeHHSI BhlTSVKKH H3 IVlOCKOH saroTOBKH S3 OJ{HY oncpaIUUO CJIelU'er nposepHTh DO Ta6.JI. 84.
ECJIH BNT1<3 He ocyeCTBHMa. CJle;ureT OnpeAeJIHTb 4x>PMY H pa3Mephi n-2 nepeXOAa.
3TOT H bHeAwHe pacqeT BCex npel{meCTBYIOIl\HX nepexoOB npoH3BOSlTC.5I B CJJeYJ()(QeM nop5l.n. K e:
a) onpeAeJlilJOT KOHHeHT BNTJl1KKH m n _ I AJlSl MHoroonepau.HoHHhlX BbiCOKHX npJlMoyro.11bHhlX lI,eTaJleii no
Ta6.JI. 87.
6> BY'IHCJljlJOT pa3Mephi oceii Ln-2 H Bn-2 OBana 06pa3)'1OIQero I<OHTYP n- 2-ii on epa'9d' DO 4x>PMYJI8M
I - m n _ I
Ln _ 2 = Ln _ I + Bn - I · ;
mn_1
(89)
-
.

-

;:r

 :s
o 
D: 
II: 
:Ie 
 Q)
3
CI
 I
 t:

t::
.llera.n.&
...
.

taQ
taQ
Lo...,
PMC. 165
Ta6nHQ8 87
HOMepa
onepaHA
OTHOCHTeJ1hHaB TOJlUUlHR 38.rOTOBKH
S
I, = 1.13v'F .. 100
-
HaHMeHOB8HHJI onep8QMft M J(ocJ>HUHeHThJ
BblTH)I(KH
OT 2.0 JIO 1.5
MeHee
1,5 no 1.0
MeHee
I.OAO 0.6
MeHee
0.6 no 0.3
MeHee
0,3 no 0.15
Ko<I>HIUfeHT BDlTJDlCKH. m
I 0,50 0.53 0..55 0..58 0.60
2 0.75 0.76 0,78 0,79 0.80
3 0,78 0,79 0 7 80 0,81 0,82
4 0,80 0,82 0.83 0.84 0.85
5 0.84 0.86 0,87 0.88 0.89
nepBaB onepal1H m.
npOMexYTOllJllhIe H npeJUlOcneJJ,IDIR onepaUHH
m 2 ; fflJ ; m n - I
.
OKOH'IaTe1ILHaS onepalUUI mn
_ I - m n _ I
B n _ 2 -B n _ J +L n _ l . m ;
n-I
(89a)

B) OnpeaeJIiUOT HYCH 33KpyrJleHHB ICOpoTlCOA R" H HOii: RO CTOpoH 3Jl1IHDCOH.AHOro OBaJIa DO 4x>P-
n-2 n-2
M)'JI3M (84 B 84a) c yxasaRHeM RlIJ{exca n-2-1 onepaQIIH
(;;-2 ) 2 + 1
t 11-2
0,25. (L_2 +B_2)-Ln_2 · B" 2
n-
R =. 2
°n-2 Bn-2- · R"
- n-2
R"
11-2
0.7m · Bn_2
.
t
..
.
r) BMCOTy BblTjlJItII Ha n-2-1 OnepaH BIl1IBCJUIIOT no (j>opMyne
1,27F-O.25(Ln_2 +Bn_2)2
H II _ 2 - 2 (L +B ) +2s.
n-2 n-2
(90)
 F paCCtUlTYB8eTCJI no 4x>PMYJle (80).
AHuorll'lllYii pacqeT nOBTOpSJOT  BCeX onepa BIJITJDtKH. BIUlIO'Iag DepBYIO.
7.7.4.07.  yny1llIleBIIJI YCJlOBHH AetopMHpoBaBIfJI MeTaJIJIa ICOHTYP AHa BIJITDCKH H3 Dj)eAnOCJle,lnleii onepanuH
AO.1lJlteH COOTB e1'",,-."BO Ban ICoHTYPy AHa roroBOii er8JIH. ConpJlJKeHHJI OOICOBHX CTeHOX H AHa OCT3JIbHHX nepexO,AOB BhI-
TKR CJle;urer BHlIOJJHJITb DO yrJloM 45- (pHe. 166, a).
npH 3TOM MeHhDIHA pa3Mep KoayCHoA 1JaCTH JlOJIJlCeH 6Nn paBeH BHYTpeHHeMY pa3Mepy CJle;urlO(Qero Depexo BbI-
TKR (pHC. 166, 6).
7.. 7.4..08. Pazntyc cOnp.BJEeHIUI AHa H ooxoBoii creRleH 'a c ICOHYCHOR '1aCTMO H3 DpoMeyro1lH.blX onepal!.lUlx DPHHH-
NacreS[ paBBIIIM (3+5) s.
"'"
.
lit
IQ
..
.
,
£
l _,
a
6
PHC" J 66
7.8. BbITSI)KKA :QHJIHH)U»HIffiCKHX AETAJIEtt C YTOHEHHEM CTEHOK
7.8.01.. JJ:HaMeTp S3I'OTOBKH AJIJI BYTJlJltIQl eTaJlel C YTOHeHHeM CTeHOX CJIe.A)PeT oneJl5IT&, HCXOlUl H3 06beMa _
T3JIH.
06l,eM S3roroBICH Y3 B MM 3 npHHHM3Tb Ha 15-20 % 60nbme 06beMa eTaJIJI, DOllC'lHTaHHOro DO HOMHHanl»HhlM
pa3MepaM, AJIJI }"ICTa npHIIyCKa Ha 06pe3Ky H yrap DPH OTXHre
Y 3 = (I,IS - 1,20)Ya.
(91)
ECJIH AJIJI DOJJyqeHH.SI roroBOii Jter3JIH Tpe6YeTCjI 60nbme 4-5 ODepaUHA, He06xoHMO npoH3BOlIHTh npoMeYTOq-
HyIO 06pe3KY no mbiCOTe.
7 .8.02.  ycraRoBJIeHlUIllHCJla Onep3lUtH B pa3MepoB DpoMeYT01lHhIX BNTJlJlteK He06xo.D;HMO OnpelIeJlHTh:
a) TOJIIIUfHY (,"TeHOX DO onepaQ.WIM Sl' S2 t . . .. . . Sn B NM
SJ =..; S2 =SZf{J2..... .. Sn == Sn_ J · tfJ n ,
(92)

121
re s
S I: S2 · · · · · · S II
f{JJ; V'2; 'Pn
TOJIIItHHa 3ararOBKH. MM;
TOJtU{HHa creHOJC HB npoMeYT01lHblX OnepaUHSlX BHTSI)I(KH, MM (lIOCJIe I-A, 2-1 H n-A) i
JCo34xPHeHThi BhlTHJKKH C YTOHeHHeM CTeHOK (rn6n. 88)..
Ta6J1MQ8 88
HaHMeHOB8HHe M&replW1a
'P'J ::::: ='In
.pI
llaTYHh
AAIOMHHHR
CTSm. J])UI rny6oKol BblTR)I(J<M
CTSm. cpeAHeR TBep11 0CTH
0.70
0.75
0.75
0,85
0,55
0,60
01'5
075
6> AHaMeTp I-I BIiTSlJKKH
d) =O.7SD 3 .
(93)
BHCOTY eTanH DO OnepaHsrM h B MM OOpenenHTh:
AJlJI I-a onepaltHB
S(D 2 _d 2 )
3 HJ
hI = S · 2 (d + d ) ;
1 HJ 4!1
(94)
AJllI 2-1 onepaH
re s
sl
D3
d H
1
d"2
de
1
d
S(D;-d )
h,,- 2
- S2 2 (d "2 + de-z }
(94a)
TOJtU(HHa HCXOAHOI 33roTOBICH, MM;
OHpeL{e1IHeM DO 4x>PMYJle (92);
HaMeTp HCXOJtHOii 3aroroBH, MM;
aapyxHhIii AHaMeTp BHT5IJI<KH nocne I-it OnepaltHH, 14M;
aapyxHhIii AHaMeTp BliTJlIKH nOCJIe 2-1 onepaltHB, MM;
BHYTpeHHd I{H3MCTp BhtTJIKH nOCJle I-A onepalUlH. MM;
BHYTpeHHHA AHaMeTp BhlTKJICKH nOCJIe 2-1 onepaHHt MM.
YMeHbmeHHe :BHyrpeHHero llHaMeTpa BhlTJlIKH aa KaoA onepaHt KpoMe I-A. npHMepHO paDRO:
(dIM -dtJ )(ds -dlM)(de -d. )(O,15-O.3) MM.
-II, I 3 -II, II n-1
(95)
7.8.03. HlaCe aH npHMep OnpeL{eneHHjI lJ;HaMeTpa HCXOJ:tHOI 3aroroBKH AJIJI BhIT.HJkKH C YTOHeHHeM ltHJ1HH.npa (pHC.
167). 06l,eM QH.1IHHAP3 ¥Q B MM 3 (BH1IHCJleHHhlH Kale paSHOCTb U3pYJKHOro V H B MM 3 H BHYTpeHHero VB B M)l3 06&eMOB)
paBeH 06beMY saroroBKH V 3 B MM 3
¥.. = ¥H - ¥(! = ¥3
(96)
1CJ)2 mP 3il 2
y =- ( H - R ) + - R + - dR'- + -3rR 3 ·
H 4 4 4 3'
(97)

128
:n:D me nz 2 2
Y =-Ih-R ) +-R +-d R +-.7rR 3 .
6 4  0 4 0 4 ". "0 3 0 I
(98)
3Cl)'2
¥3=T s ;
(99)
OTKya AHBMeTp 3aroroBKH
J!. .27y' 
 = - 3 = I 13 - . (100)
s ' s
dH 25
JJ ll5
- n p unlJCI( HU
JJ. o p e3K!J
romo6aR demallb
G- /I 6lJlmRJlrKa
d tl I 5.." 6lJlfT1f11J(/(u
 ...-

  s-1.03
.... Qo IJ 4R 8b1mR1IfKD
  
. 
 3-" Bblmfl)KKa
----, 2-11 6lJIfflR)I(/(O
1-11 86/mrl1KKa
d 
JozDmo6Ka
DJ  Ib'I1,5
.
U)
PMC. J 67 PIIC. 168
rJJ;e Ho -
dH-
v
BhlCOTa roTOBOH AeTaJIH, NM;
npanYCK ua oOpe3K)' (TaM. 69).
OCTaJI])HHe 0603HalleHH.R nOKa3aHY HB pac. 167..
7.8.04. HUJKe  npHMep pac1Iera BHTSlJKKH C YToHeHHeM JteraJIH H3 HB3xoyrJlepoHCTOii CTanK (pac. 168). Onpe-
en£M:
a) 06.eMeT8JlH YQBMM3no4x>PMYJle (96) HTaM. 71.
¥If =  (tY-,!l- d);
¥If = 3'l4 (25 2 · 79 - 24 2 · 75) = 4840 ;
6) 06.eM 3aroroBKH, COrJl3CHo.n. 7.8.01..
J': 3 = I ISV = 1 15 · 4840 = 5560 MM 3 .
, If I ,
S) IICXO,AHYIO TOJlJIUlHY saroroBKH, paBHYIO TOJIHHe AHa ItHJIHHlt])a (pHC. 168)
s - 4 MM;
r) HaMerp 3aroroBKH no 4x>PMY.ne (100)

12q
...
5560
D] = 1,13 / 4 =41,5 MM;
W KOnH'leCTBO onepaHH H TOJIHHY CTeHKH Ha Xa)l;J:{OH onepalUlH no 4>oPMyne (92). Ko3(jKpHl(HeHT BbITSI>KKH C
YTOHCHHeM npHHHMaeM: AJlSI I-A onepaQHH - VJJ = 0,15 ; AJlJI nOCJle):{yJOWHX onepaUHH - VJn = 0,70 .
PC3YJJhTaTLJ paC'leTOB npHBen.eHbI B Ta6J1. 89.
e) HapYJIUibIA L{HaMeTP nocne nepBoH IJhlTJlJKKH no 4x>PMYJIe (93)
d] =075 .41,5=31,25 MM;
1K) BHyrpeHHHii H napyzHIJIH L{HaMeTpH nocne;:Z:YIO(QHX onepaQHH BHTJlXKH.. YMeHbmeHHe BHYTpCHHero L{HaMeTpa
nOCJJel{ylO(QHx onepaQHH BblTSl1KKH npHHHM3eM 0,25 MM no 4x>PMYJIe (95).
Pe3YJlbTaTbi paClIeTOB npHBen.eHbI B Ta6J1. 90.
s) BHCOTY eTaJIH no onepaltHSIM no 4x>PMYJJe (94)
_ 4 41,5 2 - 31,2 2 ) _ .
hI - 2 31,25 + 25,25 . 3 - 11,4 MM,
4 41 52 - 29 2 2
'? = 2(29,2 + 25 : 2,1 = 15,2 MM;
4 41,5 2 - 27,69 2
h3 = 2(27,69 +24,75 1,47 =24,9 MM;
4 41,5 2 - 26,56 2
h4 = 2 26,56 + 24 9 5 1,03 = 38.8 NN;
Ta6nHQ8 89
HOMepa onepa- I1cx.oW'{aJI TORl.QHHa K03())HlUICHTbJ BITJl)lCKH C
wdt Bhl1'JI)I(KH MaTepHalla )'TOHeHHeM
MM .p
1 4OO 075
2 3.00
3 2.10
0.70
4 1.47
5 1,03
6 0.72
TOJlWHHa CTCHKH Ha
K8>Kl10A onepaUHH
MM
3 7 00
2,10
1.47
1.03
0 7 72
0,50
Ta6.nMQ8 90
--------
HOMepa onepaUHA BblTJI)I(J(M 1 2 3 4 5 6
MM
BHYTpeHHHIt AH8MCTp 25,25 25.00 24..75 24.s 0 24 25 24.00
-
TonUIHH8 CTeHKH 3.00 2,10 147 1,03 0,72 0,50
HapY>KHbJA llHaMeTp 31.25 29,20 27.69 26.56 25.69 25 oo

130
-.
I
.1

PIfC. 169
_ 4 41952 - 25 , 69 2
lis -2(25,69 +24,25 0.72 =59,5 MM;
1.8.05. Ha pHC. 169 nOK33aHa CXeMa mTaMna COBMemeHHoro eHCTBHSI AJlJllJhlTSlX<:KH C YTOHeHHeM, YCTaHaB]]HBae-
MOro Ha npecc ABoHHOro ACHCTBHjI. 3a OHH pa60'lHH XO n0J13YHa npoH3BOJnlTC5I TpH nepexoa BhlTJl1KKH ijepe3 TPH
MaTpHUbl2. 3 H 4 OJtHHM nyaHcoHoM I.
7.9. mTAMnbl l{J]JI BbITJI)I(KH C BbIBOPAQHBAlll1EM (OEPATHO"A BbITS[)KKI1)
7.9.01.. IIITaMnhI AnSI 06paTHOH IJhlTjI)KKH nPHMCHIOTCJl AnSI nOllYQeHHSI AeT3JleH t nOKa3aHHhIX Ha pHC. 170 t at a
- v 170  s.lOO
TaK)J(e WIB BTOpoH H nOCJ1lOlIlHx onepaUHII BNTJl1KKH, noxaS3HHhlX Ha pHC. t u npH D > 0,25 . 3TOT MeTOJ{
3
BbITSI)KKH n03BOJlJleT nOJl)'qHTb 6nnee BhICOKYJO CTeneHb $pMaltHH 6es npoMe1K}'T01jHOro OT)KHra no cpaBHeHHIO C
OOhlliHOH BhlTJDKKOH..
d
. d
a r
"'1--
a
Puc. 170
6
7.9.02., YCHJJJfe, TPOOYeMOC npH oopaTHoH BblTJl1KKe, Ha 15-20 % BhIrne no CpaBHeHH10 C YCHJIHeM npH HOpM3.JIhHOH
BblTJlXKe, npHHHMaSi BO BHHMaHHe, qTO MaTepH8JI npH n$pMHpoBaHHH H3rH6aeTCSI Ba)l;J:{1JI no yrJJOM 90 a ..
7.9.03. 06IQHH Ko*l>HuHeHT AByxonCpaQHoHHoH BNTJl1KKH 6C3 npoMeJKYTCNHoro OTJKlfra npH npHMHeHHM MeTOJJ;3
06paTHoH BHTIDICKH npHMcpHO Ha 10 % MeHbwe, qeM npH npHMeHeHHH npSlMoro MeTOa BhlTSl1KKH..
7.9.04.. HaHMCHbwHHAHaMeTp d B MM n0J1Y'l3eMNHOOpaTHOH BbITSl1KKOH, onpe;:J;eJIS1eTCjI no 4>oPMYJIe
d- (30+60) s..
( t01)
1.9.05. HaHMeHbmHH panHYC 3aKpyrJIeHIDI T B MM onpeAeJuleTcj[ no 4x>PMYJIe
T > 6 s.
( 102)
0600Ha"leHH5I d, r H S aHhI Ha pHC. 170.
1.9.06. ITPH nptlMeHeHHH npecca ABOflHOro AeHCTBHSI npslMaSI H 06paTHaSl BblTSl1KKH MorYT 6h1Tb COBMelQeHhI B OAHOM
lliT3Mne (pHC. 111). ITpH onYCKaHHH HapY)KHoro non3ymt npecca (pHe. 111, a) npoH3BOt\HTC5I np5lMaSl BbITSI>KKa, a nplt
onycK3HHH BHYTpeHHero non3YHa (pRC. 171, 6) - o6pamaSl BHT5DKKa.. TOJ1KaTCJ1H BblDOJlHSlIOTC51 B BHJ1e QeJJbHhlX H co-
CTaBHhIX rnnUJIeK.
7.9.01. Ha pRC. 112 npHBeJ1eHa cxeMa WTaMDa AnSI CO'BMelQeHHOH BbITSl1KKH ACT3JlCH H3 IIJIOCKOH 3aroToBKH 33 (),I{HH
pa60ijHif X0.A n0J13YHa C npHMeueHHfM np5lMoro H o6paTHoro MerO;I:OB BblTSl1KKH.
7.9.08. Ha PHC. 173 H306pa1KeHa cxeM3 lliTaMna AJ1S1 BNTSl1KKH 6e3 npH)I(HMa TOHKOCTeHHhlX c4>epH'lJeCKHX nOJ1hIX
ACTaJlCH c HcnOllb30BaHHeM rH.llpaSJlHQeCKHX It}IH MeXaHH"leCKHX npeCCOB npocToro AeHcT8HSI AJUI H3roTOBJlCHIISI Kpyn-
Hora6apHTHlJlx H3ACJlHH. npH BblTJl1KKe no 3TOMY MeTOJ:\Y CpeD.HIISI qaCTb 3aroToBKH OOrsrmBaCTcg: Ita nyaHcoHe t B TO
BpCM5I KaK BHClllHHH KOnbl.\eBOH yqaCTOK Ae<!>opMHllYeTCJI nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI npSlMoro H 06paTHoro MerOa BhlTSl1Kex.

131
tf
-'p
. I
a z-= t.l : I : fi
 - I I
I I I
I -
JUnUII.bKQ
PIfC. 171
1Ie.n "}UIJI
11
PMC. 172
1 - ny8l1coH; 2 - M8TpH1J.a; 3 - nplUKHM
PMC. 173
f'>.
7.10. PACllET BbIT$lX<KH CTynEH1JATbIX ,lI,ETAJIED
7.10.01. KOJIH1IecTSO nepexOOB AnSI BNTHX<:KH QHJlHH\(ecKHX CTyneHQ3TLlX eTaJleH (pHC. 174) onpeAeJlHTb no
Tax Ha3HBaeMYM nponOPQHOH3JIhHO-cyMMapHHM Ko34xPHItHeHTaM B:bITJI}KKH - MeT no 4x>PMYJJe
Xm +XJmJ +K 2 m 2 +..... +mn
M cm = K + KI + K 2 +... + I ·
(103)
me K. Xl- K 2 · · · · · · X" -
JCOHeHThI nponopHOHaJIbHOCTHt paBHhle OTHomCHHIO IWCOThi COOTBeTCTBYIO-
v v
lI(eH CTyneHH BNTJI}KKH K BHCOTe nOCJ1e.AYlOlQeH CTyneHH
_H HJ H 2 Hn_1
X - H t XJ = H t K 2 = H '... Kn_1 = H ;
J 2 3 n
( 104)
m, mJ. m 2 , ... m n - KOHu.HeHThI BhlTjIKH :QRJlHHJij)OB ltHaMeTpoM d, d 1 t d 2 . ..... d n , paBHhie OTHoweHHIO Aua-
u v u
MeTJ>OB COOTBeTCTBYlOmeH CTyneHH BNTJl1KKH K HaMeTPY HCXOHOH IIJIOCKOH 3ararOBKH
d   
m = D ; m) = D ; m2 = D ; ... m n = D
3 3 3 3
(105)
7..10.02. B Tex CJlY'lax. Koma SHaqeHHe MeT HaXOHTCSl B npeena]C Ko34xPHItHeHTOB BblTKH, npHBen.eHHhlx B
Ta6.n. 78 H 79. cryne1N3T3.51 BLlTJlJKI(a npoH3BOTC B OHY onepaQHlO.
7.10.03. npHMep paC1leTa BhlTJlJlCKH H3 CTaJIR MapKH 08 L{CTaJIH t nOK3S3HHOA HB pRC. 174, 6; ltHa!4eTp saroToBKH
D3 = 103 MM..

132
:t:
'r\I
. 1
.
tJt6
-.i
j
t
L--_- -tJ8
'10
. 
-
'f"
I
J
a
6
PMC. 174
OnpeAeJ1S1eM:
a) Ko3<}xt>HQHeHThI nponopD:HOUanbHOCTH K H K J no 4x>PMyne (104)
4 10
K= 10 =0,4; KJ =8=I,25i

6) Ko34KPHQHCHThlIJIJITSI>KKH m, mJt m2 QHJJHHpoB d - 70 MM; d)  58 MM H d 2 = 46 MM H3 IIJIOCKOH saroToB""
D] = 103 MM no 4>opMYJIe (105)

10 58 46
m = 103 =0,68; m. = 103 =0,56; m2 = 103 =0,45;
B) no 4>OPMYJIC (103) nponOpI!ItOHaJl"0-cYMM3P"blH KOHI!I..eHT BhlT5I)KKH
M . = 0,4 · Ot 68 + 1,25 · 0,56 + 0,45 = 0 5 3 5
CT 0,4 + I ,25 + I ,..
nonY'4CHHOC 3H3I1CHHC nponoPQHoHanbHo-cYMMapHoro Ko34><tnil\HeH'la BhI'lSl>KKH n0K33h1Baer, -rto l AeTaJih MO)KC'f
6h1Tb BhI'lSiHY'la B. OAIIY oncpau.HIO. ·
7.11. IDTAMnbl AJISI BbITSI)KKH KOHHIJECKHX ,lI,ETAJIER
H H
7.11..01. YcnOBHO npHHIlTo C'IHTaTh KOHlNeCKHe AeT8JIH HH3KHMH npH d < 0,65 H BhlCOKHMH PH d > 0,65 ·
cp cp
0600HaQeHHSI H H d cp L{aHhI H3 pHC. 175..
7.11.1. BIJITJlzJ{a HH3KHX KOHH'IeCKHX AeTaneH
7.11.1.01. CxeM3 WT3Ml1a AJUI BhlTSlJlCKH 6e3 npH)I(MMa HH3KHX KOHlf1IecKHX lIeT3JJeii 6e3 4>naH nOK3S3Ha Ha pHC. 175.
YroJI fJ KOHH'leCKOH MaTPHIJ.hI OOJJhWe yr.na a KOHHlleclCOJ"O ny3HcOHa B CBSl3H C YTOJIeHHeM CTeHKH npH B:bITjf)ICKe
eT3J]H
.I n
s 6 =sV ---!
HQU d cp
PItC. 17
SHllH6 - s
YroJl fJ MaTpHQhI paBeH yrJlY a + arc tg H'" A I
 A - yroJI np)'JICHHeHHSI.. a J I
OcranbPDle 0003Ha'leHHJI AaHhi Ha PHe. 175.
A = (7'+ 10') AJ1S1 AeTaJIeH H3 MaJloyrJlepo.nHcroii CTMH.. - - --
7.11.1.02. Ko*pHUHeHT BNTRJlCKH KOHH'leCKHX AeTanefi m l onpeeJ1S1CTcg: OTHoweHHeM

131
d C ])
1tJ]=
D]
( 106>
7.11.1.03. 3HaqCHHR Ko3CIKPHInieHTa BNTjIKH ICOHHQecKHX AeT3JIeH 6e3 npHXHM3 S3 OJ:{HY onepallHlO H3 CTa;reH
MapoK 08; 10; 15 npHBeeHH B Ta6J1. 91..
Ta6nMQa 91
...£ 100 1.2 1,,35 15,-J,7 1.85 2.0
Da
ml 0.7 0.62 0,6 0,55 0.5
7.11.1.04. BIiTII::KK8 HU3KUX KOHH'leCKHX ;O;eT3JJeif c 4maHIJ;eM UpH 0,8 < · 100 < 1,2 npoU3BO,AHTCj[ sa O):\HY
]
oneHJO, HO c npHMeHeHHeM npUXHMa..
BNTSI)KKa no;:(06HlJlx, HO 60JIee TOHKOCTeHHhlX AeTaJleii npoH3BO.QHTCSI B AIle Onepal1.HH C I1pHMeHeHHeM npH)j(HMa
(pllc. 1 76) · I
,nuaMerp 3aroroBKH H306pa;!IC.eHHoH ;o;eraJIH: D] - 247 MM; ; 100 = 247 100 = 0.4 .
3
7.11.1.05. npH BblTg)ICKe B J1Be onepal{llH HH3KHX KOHH'IecKHX neT3JleH c r}JnaHueM H yrJlOM KOHYCHOCTH a > 25 0 I-if
BNT:H)KKe eJlecoo6pa3Ho npTh Wl3BHYIO KPHBOJlHHeiiHYIO cI>oPMY (pHC. 177).
022J
0169
0223
0169



t
II
J
-.9fjl ..
16
1-.11 onepaqlL1l
2-11 onepallWf
he. 176

/,
2-.11 onppaUUR
-'
I /
,
1"1i ollep a l4 W1
PHC. 177
7.11.2. BWTJI]Kxa BLiCODlX ICOHH1IeCIHX .neTa.neH 6es cJJJIaHqa
7..11..2.01. BHTiI)KKa BHCOKHX KOHH1IecKRX AeT3Jleii 6e3 4>J13Hlta (pHC. 1 78) npoH3BO):\IITCSI B HeCKOJIbKO onepal{HH_
npH STOM npoMeYTOqHhle BNT.H)KKH MOryT HMeTh ItHJ1HpHQeCKYIO HJlH KOHHIlCCKYIO cI>oPMY..
7.11.2.02. I1pH BblTSlX:Ke BNCOKHX ICOHH1IeCKHX neT3JleH C HJ1HHlJ..PHlleCKoH cI>opMOH npoMC::ICYTO'lfHblX 3aroToBOK
AHaMeTJ)1JI H BhlCOThl BNTSlX:KH Ka)'K):{OH onepaU:HH nOJl)KHY 6HTIJ pacCIIHTaHH no BceM nepexoJJ:aM, HCXOJt.SI H3 Tpe6oBa-
HHg. 1lr06h1 KOHTYP npeAnOCJleeH BNTRJlCICH 6HJI BnHcaH B KOHTYP roroBOH neT3JlH (pHC. 178).
C!>OPMoH3MeueHHe npH nOCJleHeH BNTSI)lCXe npoH3BoJtHTC5I B OTlleJJbHOM K3J1H6poBOIlHOM wT3Mne.
HeOCTaTKoM A3HHOro cnoc06a SlBJJReTCSI pa3HOCTeneHHOCTh H H31IHQHe CJ1eOB OT nepeXO;:(OB a T310Ke Heo6xoAH-
MOCTb 6oJIbworo KOJIH'IeCTBa WTaMnOB.
7.11.2..03. Oc06eHHOCTH MHoroonepaI(HoHHOH BHTK)KI(H BhlCOKHX KOHHlleCKHX AeT3JIeH C KOHHlleCKOH cI>oPMoH npo-
Me.)J(YToIIHhlX 3aroroBoK COCTOT B TOM, "TO BHaqMe BNTgrHBaerc.Q HJlHH.QpHIlCCKaSl nOJlaSl 3aroTOBKa, nOBepXHOCTb
KOTOpcH pBHa nOBepXHOCTH TOTOBOH neTaJlH, a HaMeTp - HaHOOJlbIDeMY AHaMeTpy KOHYca. Ha nOCJleAYIOHX onepa-
ItHSlX npoH3BoJtHTCR KOHHqeCKaSl BNTSI>KKa 3aroroBKH BhlCOTa KOropoH nocTeneuHo YBeJIHqHBaeTCSI no B&lC01H roTOBOH
neT3JIH (pHC. 179).

134
7.11.2.04. AHaMeTplJl l{Ha KOHHlleCKOH BhlTj{)KKH d l ' d 2  dB onpe,QeJUIIOTCSI C YlleTOM Ko34x!>HI(HeHTOB AJlX nOCJIey-
IOlltHX 8b1TgJKeK no Ta6J1. 79.
7.11.2.05. PaltHYCIJI conpsl)KeHH5I AHa co CTeHKOH r H r I TIpHHHMaTb paBHhlM 8s. PaQHYC COnpg;x<eHH5I l{Ha co CTeHXO.H
H3 npeOCJIeJXHeH DnepaHH l{OJlJKeH 6L1Th paDeH palJHYCY H3J1eJIHSI '2 = r n _ I = r H ·
7.11.2.06. Ha pHC. 180 H300paJKeaa cxeM3 wTaMna MSI nepBoro nepexo;::(a KOHHlleCKoA BhlTil)KKH.
AaaMeTp HH;X<Hero BhlT8JIKHBaTeJIg 2 peKOMeHJI:yerCg npHHHMaTh paBHIJIM .QHaMeTpY d l AHa 3aroroBKH I-A KOHHlle-
CKOH BHTKJltKH (pHC. 179). BWCOTY BblTaJlKHBaTeJIg CJ1eYeT YCTaHOBHTb, HCXO;:(SI H3 Tpe60B3HHg 06ecneqeHH5I npaBUJlh-
HOro <!>HKcHj)OBaHHg IUUIHJijJH'IeCKOH saroToBKH B nOJlOCTH MaTpHqbI 1.
7.11.2.07. Ha pHC. 181 noKa3aHa cxeMa wT3Mna Mg nOCJIeYIOIItHx onepaH KOHHlleCKOH BhlTRJKKH.
KOHCTPYKltHg WT3Mna aH3JIOm'lHa H306paJKeHHOH Ha put. 180. BIJICOTY HHero BhlTaJlKHBaTeJ[SI CJ1eer YCTaHo-
BHTb. HCXOlUI TaKJlCe H3 Tpe60BaHHSI 06ecnelleHHSI npaBHJlbHoro 4>HKcHpoBaHHSI npelJ;'bIJJ:ycH KOHHIlCCKOH 3arcrroBKH B
nonOCTH MaTpHhI. Me AHOM 3aTOTOBKH H TOpOM BWT3JIKHBaTeJlSI He06xo;:(HM 3a30p z  (1+2)s.
7.11.2.08. J]jriI MHoroonepaQ.HoHHoH KOHHlleCKO.H: BHTKKH, a TaJ(>Ke MSI MeJlKOCepuHHoro npoU3BO;:(CTE3 KOHINC-
CKHX AeT3neii C O;:(HHaKOBOH KOHYCHOCThlO eJIecoo6pa3Ho npHMeHnb YHHBepcaJIhHhlC KOHHlleCKHe WT3Mnhl co CMeHHbl-
MH HMCTaBKaMH nyaHcoHa H HHJKHero BhlTaJIKHBaTeJl5l (PIIC. 182).

-
.0

:. 
E 
i E
 
 


I
JJ6
3-R onepaqWf ')
I (KDHeIlHaR)
----f----
])6 2-11 onepauWf
I :!

----t--- 

:0
D6 


ru 

J.Jl Dnepal4Wf 
:::s

_!!I 
d 2 d
I ,
n
n,
Bbl TII.XKU
-
d
dfi
tI.
t/6
H
1- -
d,
d 1
d,
Co")
PHC. 179
s
d
.-
PHc.178
----t----

f
2
,.-
J
"
---
5
6
---
Flfc. 180
Puc:. 181
t
PMC. 182
1 - nyallCOII; 2 - BhITBJlKHB8TenH nyaHcoHa; j _
HaCTaBJ(a nyaHcoHa; 4 - NaTpIUJ.a; j - HI.,Acr8BKa
m.IT8J1KHB8TeJUI; 6 - BblT8JlKUBaTeJJb NBTpMqy
7.11.3. BHTJlZK3 BLiCOKHX XOHHeCHX JJ;eT8JreH c cJJJIaHlJ;aMH
7.11.3.01. 'BNTSIJlCKa BhlCOKOit KOHH1ieCKOH AeT3.11H C 60JIhwHM (jmaHl{eM npoH3BoJtHTCJI H3 npe):(BapHTeJJbHO B:bITRHY-
TOM I{H)IHIUij)H'IeCKOA 3aroroBKH, pa3Mephi KoropoH H3SHa'lalOTCSI CJleYIOHM oopa30M:
a) AHaMeTPIJl I-A onepaUHH BHT.H)KKH ltHJIHH.lI.pHl4eCKOH 3aroTOBKH H ee rtJnaH AOJIJKHbl WTh COOTBeTCTBeHHO paE-

135
HhI HaH6o.nmeMY .QH3Me-rpy KOHYca H l{HaMeTpY r}JnaHqa roroBOH AeT3JlH C yqeTOM npHnYCKa Ha oope3KY;
6) paa;HYC conpSleHHg Ha I-A BIiTJlXKH I{HJ1HHJJ..PHl4eCKOH 3aroroBKH. MM (pHC. 178>
'1 = (8+10) s,
B) l{H3MeTp I-A onepaIJ.HH BHTJlaKH HRAPll'lecKoA saroroBKH
d l d2 +2rll
(107)
e d 2 - .QH8MeTp 2-A BYT9,g:H;
r) DJIOCKaJI qaCT& AH3 Ha npe.u;nOCJlHeH onepaH BHTSlXKJI onJIC.Ha 6b1Tb 6o.1J::bme MOCKOI '2CTH J1Ha KOHHqecX.OH
AeTaJIH
d n - 1 -2rn_1 >d n -2r n ""
(108)
7 .11.3.02. KQ1lII1IecTBO onepa paCC'IHTYB8eTCI C )"IeTOM AOnyCTHMliX KoocIMPHD;HeHTOB .HTICH DO Ta6n. 79.
7.11.3.03. B TaM. 92 B xa1lecTBe npHMepa aHY J(03eWJHIUICHThI H c)oPMH IIIIIT R3 n8TYHH ICOBll'lecKOI AeTaJlH
s
cmHpoKHM4maeMD3-10SMMts-O,8MMt D .100=Ot 7 6.
3
TafinHqa 92
GQpNhI BhlTJI)l(JC.H
HONepa
ODepuulA
BWTJI)I(JtII
HTbI.W1'U(XH
''15
I
nil -0.57
+
./J, -60
'75

::t
2
m2- 0 . 75
..D,t .. 415
'J
-.;


3
m3- 0 . 77
RS
..
Jb=:.36 /
 'J!J
4
m4 - 0.82

136
pMbI 8blTg)IUlH
HoMepa
OOepalJ,HH
BWTJI)I(KH
M1J.HeHTbI BWT.*XH
5
IllS - 0.86
n -If
7.12. BbITSIA f.(ETA.JIIDt C<DEPHIJECKO:A H nAPASOJIH1JECKOR fPOPM
7.12.01. BWTjI)lC1(a nOJIHX neTaneii a!>epu1iecKoii pMH OTJIIIQ3erCSl OT BhITH 1J.If.11HHJUJH'ICCJCHX neT3JIeii TeNt
QTO 3Ha'lHTeJlhH8S1 113CTh 3aroTOBKH B npoecce BYTZJCH OCTaeTCJI He npHzetroA, B pe3ynbTaTe 'rem MOryT OOpa30S3Th-
Cil CKJIK.H.
7.12.02. B S3BBCBMOCTH OT OTRomeHH!I  (pac. 183) pelCOMelOTCJI CJleJO'IOIlUle CIIOOOC5h1 BhlnKH eTaJleii C 110-
JIyc4JepH'IecKHM .QHOW:
s
a) npH d · 100 > 3 BhlTjIlCa IIOJIya!>epw NOeT 6HTb npoH3BeeHa res npH::«HMa t 4>oPMOBKOA B MaTpHlte. TaxylO
BHTgICY npeADO'lTHTeJlhHO BhlnOJlH Ha c1JPHKHOHHhlX npeccax;
s
6) npll 3 > D · I 00  1,3 He06xoAHMO npoH3BOHTb BNTJlXKY c npHJlCHMOM;
s
B) npH 1,3 > D · 100 >0,85 He06xoHMO IIpoH3BecTH BIJI.TgKY c npHHMOW B 33KPhlTOit MaTpHnellJIK paSrJI3)ICH"
BaHH BOJlHoo6pa3HOJ1J BHIIY1lHBaHHK B IColl1te paooqero xoa;
s
r) npu D . 100 <Ot5 npHMeHileTC5I MaTPHD.a c nepeT5IZHLlMH pe6paMH (pHC. 195...199) HJlH BIiTJDltKa C BWBopa-
'lHB3HHeM. 3TOT MeTO BHT npHMeWleTCjI DPH H3I'OTOBJleRJUI p$exropoB, orpaTen.eii H p.
flpeiJ6apanlCnbHI11U
nepeJOa



 r=D.ID

OKDNyamCII6hbiU
nepexDiJ
r f z: ($ ;-,jJs

PHC. 183
7.12.03. PeJCoMeHAYJOTC CJIlOlIIHe Ko34xPHIlHeHTIi BHTiI:«KH C BHBOpa1lHBaH H eM SaroTOBOK iI HMelOW:HX 4>oPMY
nOJlye4Jepw, H3 CF3JlH MapKH 10:
m l - (Oil65-0 il 75);
 - (0,7-0.8);
m] - (Ot8-O,85).
7.12.04. nepexoA" no onepaM ahlTilJKKH c BhlBopallHBaHHeM nOJlOH l{eT3JIH napa6oJIH1ieCKOH 4>oPMIJI H300pa)Ke-
BY Ra pHC. 184.
7..12.05. PaAHYc 3aKpyrneHHj( BHemHeii KpoMKH MaTpHnlJl MSI BHTJlXKH C BHBopaqUBaHHeM npHHHMaercg paBHhlM
(10+15) 5., a paAHYC 33KpyrneHHSI BHYTpeHHeii KpoMKH roR e MaTpHIJ.bI paBeH (20+25) s. PaltHYc 3aKpyrneHHj( KOH1(3
nyaHCOHa npHHHMaeTC paBHYM (150.. .2(0) s C nQCTenCHHhlM yMeHbmeHHeM em Ha 1IOCJIeJ{yIOJIUlX onepalUfjlX.
7.12.06. .nJUI nOJlY'IeHHSI MeTO):\OW cryneH'I3roR BHrSlJl;KH Ccl>ePH'lecxOH HJ1H napa6oJIU'IeCKOH neT3JlH C rnMKoH no-
BepXHOCThIO H nnaBHYMH nepexo;:(aMH He06xoAHMO, ...T06h1 KOHTYP CTyneHllCtroR B.bITJlHyroi 3aroTOBKH, nOJlyqeHHOi ua
npoMeYTOqHHX onepalUfjlX, BDUCHBaJ1CSI B OHTYP rorOBOH neT8JIH, JIBOO nepeCeKaJI em JIHWb Ha OTAeJJhHYX yqaCT-
Kax (pile. 185).
lIJIaBH3.S1 cJ>opMa nOCTHraercSI Ha 33KJ1I01DITeJlbHOH onepH BIiT.H)KKH. TaK Kale. 3Ta onepa1tHjI nOJlHOCThlO He
YHH1ITO)lC3e-r HepoBHOCTH B MecTax nepexo;:tOB, He06xOHMa AOnOJlHHTeJlbHaji oopa6oTKa Ha A8BHJlbHhIX CTaHKaX.

137
Ib
t

!
.

'I
- - ---
'31)5
PHC, 184
PliC. 185
7.13. OnEJlEHHE PA3MEPOB 3AroTOBKH nPH BbITJI)KKE ,l(ETAJJER
C OAHOR IIJIOCKOCTblO CHMMETPHH
7.13.01. AmI onpeeJleHH5I paaMepoB 3arcrroBICH neTMeH C oHOii IIJIOCKaTblO CHMMeTpHH CJIeeT:
a) pa3J:\eJIHT& IIDBepXHOCTb neraJIH H3 SJleMeHTapHhle Y1I8L"TkH, lOIelOJQHe 4>oPMY TeJI mpam;eHIII lUll reoMeTpMqe-
CKOro TeJIa;
6> onpeHTh pa3Mepy 3aroroBKH AJlJI Kaoro 3J1eMeHTa B OTae.nbHOCTH;
B) HaHeCTH DOCJIel{osaTeJ1hHO rpac!>HlleclCH paSMepy nOl\C'IHTaHHYX saroroBoK BY.neJleHHHX Y1l3CTICOB H COeHHHTh
HX lIJIamH&lMH nepexOltaMH 33 qf!:r nepepacnpeeJleHH H KoppeKTHpomKH lUIolItael YiUlCTKOB. B CJIyqae BanOeHH5I
O;J:HHX 3J1eMeHTOB SaI'OTOBkH Ha apyme t COOTB eTC'I'B YIOIQHe DJlOaQH cyMMHPYIOTCB H paCnOJJal'alOTCB Ha .naIQtHX Y'Ia-
CTKaX.
7.13.02. H:axe.naB npHMep paDleTa aaroroBICH .u;er3J1H, HMelOel OJ{HY DJlOCKOCTh CHMMe'rpHH (pHC. 186)
w
fj../j/
,., =ro o
'2
PIfC. 186
nOBepXHOCTh .u;eT8JIII YCJlOBHO p336HTa H3 TPH 3JleMeHTapHhIX Y1..l3CTxa: I - 1ieTBeprh mapa, II - nonoBHBa yce-
q:eHHoro ICOayca HIlI - nonoBHBa kOHYca. QHc!>paNH 5-6; 1-5; 1-6 H 3-7 YCJlOBHO 0003HallcHH OTpe3KH npMHX B
IIJIaBe qepre ner3JIH.
OnPeAeJlileM paay c saroroBICH AJlJI DOJIOBHHW mapoBOA IIOBepXHOCTH:

138
R] =  V8i-f ;;;;;;  v 8 · lOO l = 141 NM..
Yc vNVii ICOHYC He nQJ:tBepraeTC5I BIJITKet a OOpa3YeTCJI D)'TeM m6:KH. JLn nOJlC'IeTa AJlHHhI pa3BeprKH He06xo-
.QHMO OnpeHTh:
U a) BIJIC'OTY Bcero KOHYca H (OTpe30K 5-6)
x a+x
- .
-- t
T2 '1
'2 · a 40 · 200
x = = 100 40 = 133 MM;
'1-'2 -
H = a + x = 200 + 133 = 333 MM;
6) AJIKHY otSpa3yJOmei KOHYca L (OTpe301C 1-5)
L= " H  + r: = V 333 l +1 00'l =347 MM;
m) )1J1RIfY  I, B cellemm 1-2
2.7rr 1
'I == 2 =1C. 100 = 314 MM;
r) AJlHHY XOPy Lt H BIiCOTy crpeJIKH hi pa3BeprICH HHZHCro OCHOBaHHjI- yceqelDloro KOHYca (npH I) .. 314 NM H pa-
l{Hyce, paBHOM 347 NM):
LI - 305 MM;
h) .. 35 MM:
A) AJlHHY pa3BeprICH BepxBero OCHOB3RHK yceqeRJIoro KOHYca:
'2 = vII- +  = v60'- + 40  = 72 MM.
npeue6peraj( PMHYCOM 33KpyrneHH5I '3 - 4 MM, DpmlHMaeM AJIHHY pa3BepTl{H paRROt 144 )Of.. OTpe3kH np5lMhiX
(3-7) H (7-4) o.nXHIi 6YTh nap3JlJleJIbHIII orpe3K8M np5lMhiX (1-6) H (6-2), OI'KYAa CJIeeT:
= hJ H =.
(3=-7) hz (3-1) Lz'
-
ow
OTpe30K npliMOH
(1-6):00 /hf. + ()2 ;;;;;; v3S 2 -lS2.S 2 =IS6 MM
156 3S
72 = hz ;
72 · 3S
hz = 156 = 16 MM;
156 305
72 = Lz ;
,_ = 305 - 72 = 140
 1St» MM.

139
Onpee]UIeM ,nH3MeTp 3aroroBICH D] ,WlSl no.,OBHHhI KOHYca npH r 2  40 MM
D] = V 4 · '2 -'2 = " 4 · 40 · 72  107 MM. oTxyp;a R3 =53.5 MM.
I
I10JIYlleHHHe pasMe))hl33roroBoK HaHeCeHIJI aa pHC. 186 (aa BepxHeii nOJIOBHHe IlCpTexa ClJJIomHhlMH J1HHHSlMH a
Ha HH>KHeii - nYHKTHpoM) .
AHaJIH3 4>oPMbl 33roTOBKH nOKa3YBaer, IlTO Me paC'leTHhlMH 3aroroBK3MH mapoBoi nOBepXHOCTH H YCeIleHHoro
KOHYca HMeeTCK H36liTOK MaTepHaJla nnom;aD-bIO/I' a Mey paCl4eTHNH 3aroTOBK3MH ycelleHHoro KOHYca H nOJlOBHHhI
KOHYca, Hao6opoT, HeOCTaeT nnom;an;H/ 2 .
IIo3TOMY He06xoHMo npoH3BeCTH KOppCKTHpoBKY; B nepBOM CJlYllae cpe3aTh 'l3CTb MaTepHaJl3, paBHYIO II' a JK)
BTOpoM - npH6aBHTh /2 t K3K nOKa3aHO Ha HH)KHeH qaCTH llePTe-'K3. nOJlYlleHHhle pa3MeplJl 3aroroBKH AOJlA<Hhl 6blTh
npoBepeHhI 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHIJIM nYTeM.
7.14. BbITSI)KKA AETAJIEA CO CnO)KHhIM KOHTYPOM
7.14.01.. Pa3Mephi nepeXOOB BblTjIKH AeTaJJel co CJlO)KHhIM KOHTypoM CJleeT paccqUftlBaTh c yqeroM ICOH<iJHry-
HH KOHKpeTHOit AeT3JIH.
lJ.ng npHMepa Ha pHC. 187, 188 H 189 H300pa)KeHhI 4>opMH H pa3MepY nepeXO.ll;OB BblTJlJlCKH CJIOJICHhlX JleT3JleH C
4maHeM..
nepBOHa'l3JlhHO npoH3BOTCSl BI1ITSI>KKa QeHTpaJIbHoro, 33TeM BHellIHero yqaCTKa .neT3JIH. C1)J1aHeQ mTaMnYeTC5I Ha
KOHeQHhlX onepaQH5IX. AHaMerp 4maHa H3 nepBoH onepal1HH JJ:OJIXeH 6YTh opHeHmpoBO'lHO paBeH MeTPY 4maHa
roTOBOH AeT3JlH. C Y1ieroM npHnyCKa Ha oope3KY. ".
lJ.nSl nepBoH BhlT5IXKH npHHHMaTb H3HMeHbllIHe 3HaqeUHSI ltHeHTCB BhlT5I)KK}[, npHBeneHHble B Ta6.n. 79. T- e.
CTeneHh Ae4>oPMaHH .AOJlHa WTh M3KCHM3J1hHO AonyCTHMail.
IIoBepxHOCTb Ae4>oPMHpoBaHHOH npH ncpBoH BIJITSI}KKe l{eHTPanhHOH 'l3CTH 3aroToBICH AOJl)KHa 6b1Th H3 10-15 %
6o.nbme, lleM B OKOH'l3TeJlhHO BNTJlHYTOH AeT3J1H.
AuaMeTP JJ3Ha Ha BTOPOH H nOCJ]JOll\Hx onepau.HSlx OCTaeTCjI HeH3MeHHhlM, a AHaMeTP u.eHT))aJIbHoH 'laCTH H
paJ{HychI cOnpj1eHHii nOCJ]eOBaTeJJhHO YMeHbwalOTcSI..
ECJlH .naHe .neraJIH He COCTaBJISleT C oopa3YIOeii yroJl 90°, TO OH AO.1l)J(eH HMeTb 3MaHHhIH H3KJ10H t HaQlffiaSl C
nepsoro nepexoA(t BIiTjI)JCKH. -.. -
I
1" '-
jm  -,
t-- w16.1 ,
'80 RY 90   l
 r1J 70.3 t-- r---. j
812.3 - . r L 2f t
:m
-. .  _no _  [
K6 t!1 R6
--

 ..
 

c () 
'
"
.




. .
f/J 210 --
'3 ...
PHC. 187 PHC. 188 .

140

c:.::>
RiO f R5
I
I I
---1
PJ.IC.189
7.15. .3A30PbI ME)Kl(Y BbITSI)KHOO MA TPHUER H nY AHCOHOM
7.15.01. TIpIf IIhlTgJKKe 6es yTOHeHHSI OAHOCTOpoHHHH sa30p  Mey nyaHCoHoM H MaTpHl{eH OOJIbme TOJlII{HHbJ
HCXO;:(HOro MeT3JL1Ia
z _ d,M-d n
2 - 2 >8.
YMeHbmeHUe 3a30pa nOBlJlmaeT YCHnHe B:bITSI)KKH.
7.15..02.. Pe1CoMeanyeMbie BeJIH'IHHbI OHOCTOpoHHHX 3a30poB Wlj[ KpyrJlhlx AeT3JlcA nplfBe):{eHhI B Ta6JI.93.
7.15..03. PeKoMelQyeMlJle BeJlH'IHHhI OHOCTOpoHHHX 3a30poB WlSl npllMoyroJIbHYX AeT3JIel n))JfBeJJeHhI B TaM. 94.
MelfLmaSl BeJlHqHHa Ha npHMHX. a 60JILmaSl - Ha yrnoBbix yqacncax.
BeJllPIHHa S - TOJIDJ;HHa MaTe))H3JIa C YlleTOM AonycKaeMhlX OTICJ10HCHHH. npH MHHYCOBIiX AonYCKax Ha M3TepH8JI
npllHHMaeTCSI HaHMeHblIICUl TOJlHHa C YlleTOM AonYCKa; npH ABYXCTOpoHHHX AonycKax - HOMHH3JIhHOe 3H31leHHC TOJl-
IltHH.. EOJlhlDHe 3HaqeHHjI 3a30poB npHHHM3Th MjI nepBoH H npoMeJKYTollHblX onepaQ,HH, MeHbWHe - LJ.JlSl OKOHQa-
TeJlbHOH onepal.(HH; npu BblT.H)«Ke B O;:(HY onepaI(HIO 3a30pbl 6paTh HaHMeHhWHe.
Ta6J114l.\8 93
Koct)Jn..tHeHT BLl1'JI)KKH
m l
OAHOCTOpOHHJdt a30p DpH
BLlTJI)tCKe TeJJ Bpall\CHH". MM
z
2
OT 045 AO 0.65
Il.l 1,2)8
CD. 0,.65 n 0,75
( I ,O 1.1 ) B
,,0.75 n 0,85
(1,0.;.1,05) s
:, 0,85 " 0.90
s
T B 6 JI M l.\ a 94
K03<pHLtHeHr BI:dTH>KKH
OJ1HocropOHHHA a30p npH IUIITH>KJ<e npMoyronhHhlx JJ.Cl-ane1l:
MM
Z
H8 npJIMJ.IX YQaCTK3X 2
z
Ha )TnOBbiX ytlaCTKax T yrn
CB. 0.35 AO 0..40
(1.071.1) s
0,,40 117 0,,45
(0,95 -=-1 ,0) s
(1.071.08) s
0.45 ,,0..50
(1,0-:-1..06) s
0..50 7 0,,90
(1 7 0-;-1,05) s

141
7.16. PACQET HCnORHHTEJlhHblX PA3MEPOB PAEOqHX .nETAJJER BbJTSlJKHblX lliTAMnOB
7. 16.0 1. AonycKH Ha H3eJIHSI npu MHoroonepaUHoHHoH BNTSlJUCe CJ1C,a:yer Y'iHThlBaTb JlHWb Ha KOHettHX onepallHSlx.
J1cnOJ1HHTen&Hble pa3MepIJI MaTpHQ. Ha OCTaJlbHIJIX onepal\HSlx BblTgKH Ha3HaJUlIOTCg c yqeTOM K034>ctJHQHeHToB
BbTTR)lCKH C oKpyrneHHeM 1J.O nepBoro neCKTUIlHOro 3HaKa.
Pa3Mepbl nY3HcoHOB YCTaH3BJlHB3IOTCSI C YIlCTOM BeJlH'lHHbI npHH9Toro 3a30pa.
7.16.02.. J1cnOJlHHTeJJhHble pa3MCpbl M3TPHQ LM B MM H nY3HCoHoB Ln B MM BblTSlJKHblX lllTaMnOB Ha nOCJ1ClIHCH onc-
palUlH nO;JCljHTblBaTh no CJleJ:tYIOHM 4>oPMYJI3M:
Lit
- 
z
"1
/ / A
/' 1 p.
/ .-' , ,
L- L H
. f f 2
A-A
-.
/-

I


qf
Z1
PHC. 190
1 - nyaHcoH; 2 - MaTpHa
a) npH H8JlH'lHH onYCKa Ha HapHHii pa3Mep AeTaJlH (pHe. 190),
L,M = (L-A)-t6,M ;
B,M =(B-A)-M,M;
(109)
Ln'= (L..,--.A- z)---t5 ;
n
Bn = (B - A- z)---t5 ·
n
(110)
Pa,AHYCbI yrn.oBhlx Y'laCTKOB (B ll1IaHe) MaTpHUIi r 'M B MM H nyaHcoHa TYn B MM mTaMnOB A)lSI BblTSDKK}{ .neTaJ1CH
IIpIlMOYroJIbHOH 4>oPMH (pHC. 190) no.!(CqHT$BaI01tSl no 4JoPMynaM:
r =r -A.
Y H ·
M
(111 )
ZYlli
r =r - ·
Y n Y.AI. 2'
( 112)

142
6) npH HanHIIHH AonycKa Ha BHYTpeHHHH pa3Mep 3JlH (pHC. 191)
Ln = (L + O.SA)n ;
BIl = (n- + o,SA)_ 6 ;
n
( 113)
L,M = (L + 0.5A + z)-t-c5,M ;
B,M =(B+0.5A+z)-t-c5,Mo
(114)
LI1
L *A
Z
2

"
1
L",
A.-A
- Ii"


PHc.191
PaJJ:HYChI yrJlOIlWX yqaCTKOIl (B IIJ13He) nyaHcoHa TYn B MM H MaTpHlJ,hI Ty,M B NM mTaMDOB oWUI BhlTsDKKH JXeTaJleii
npSlMoyronbHoH 4>oPMhI (pHC. 191) no.nC'iHThlBaIOTCSI no 4>oPMynaM
r 'n =7 6 +O,SA;
(Ilia)
_ ZYllI
'1 M -'Y n + 2 ·
(112a)
Y C JI 0 B H IJI e 0 6 0 3 H a II e H H g:
L
A
z
2
6; 61l
HDMHH3JlhHH paSMep AeT3JlH. MM;
onYCK Ha ,OOTBeTCTBYIODlHH HOMHH3JIhHIiH paSMep AeTaJ1H, MM;
O;:(HOCiOpoHHHR sa30p Mex.ztY MaTpHl.\el H nyaHcoHoM t MM;
ZYlJl.
2
AonYCKH Ha H3roTOBJIeHHe MaTPHUhI H nyaHcoHa, MM, CJIeT npHHHMaTb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AonYCKa Ha
pasMephl mTaMnyeMoH AeT3JIH (A): npH llonYCKe Ha WTaMlIyeMYIO AeTaJ1h no II-MY H 12-MY KB3JIHTe-
TaM no H7 H h6, no 14, IS H 16-MY KBaJlHTeT3M no H9 H h9;
DHOCTOpoHHHH 3aaop Mey MaTpHl{el H nyaucoHoM Ha yrnoBhlx Y1l3CTK8X (Ta6JI. 94) I MM..
7.16.03.. npH BhlTSI)KKe AeTaJleH co CJlO)KHhlM KOHTypoM nyCK Ha H3fOTOBJICHHe Ha3H31:1aeTCSI TOJlbKO Ha O;:(HY pa-
6o'lYIO AeT3J1b WTaMna (nyaHcoH HJIH MaTPHltY) I a BTOpaii AC'I3JIb npHroH.KeTCSI C Tpe6yeMhlM sa30poM.

143
7.17. KOHCTPYKTHBHhIE 3REMEHThl ETAJIEn BbIT.SIXHhIX mTAMnOB
7.17.1. Pa60-lHH npo4tHJlL BhlTJi1KHYX M8TpHQ H nyaHcoHoB
7.17.1.01. B m6n. 95 nPHBeeHbI npHMeHReMhle4>oPMhI paOOlleH 1l3CTH M8TpUU H nyaHcOHOB.
T a 6 JI }I U. a 95
8HCOHOB
n HMeHellHe B WT8Mnax
41n.-IJ 0 ...
 ..1.
Il rfil ... 1 RM
 ""4U  I ..:::- 1
 ..-. J
/ Oem OR If OMHD
J{JltiI I-H M noc.neJlVIOWHX onCpau,HM 8bITA)((KIo( H8 npeccax npocroro Aet'l-
CTBHR 6e3 npU)KHM8. npH pa60Te H8 npoaan:
a) c P8AMYCON 38KpyrneHJ.fSl pe6pa MaTplfLlbJ;
6) c BXO.J:tHbIM KOHyCOM
a
6-
 "
-. _ RM
J{JlII I-1M onepaL(HM BblTSUt(KH 118 npeccax ABOAHOro ,QeMCTBHSI:
8) C IIH}KHIfM BblTaJlICHB8TeJleM;
6) nplt paOOTe Ha npoaan
BbimOnH118amCRb
a
BblmOnK116omenb
RM
,,--'
J{JlSI BblYJUt(1<1t 118 npeccax npocroro AeMCTBHR C 6ypHbJM YCTpoMCTBOM:
a) WltiI I-H onepau."'I-I;
6) A1Ul nOCne;:u'IOWIfX olIepal\H
A= j"-/ _
+--- I
X
-.
I
r \IDJ I
 1,1
,..\-- ' I I
r.-.....

1 * j
Bu n in IJ 1.. U Bl1/l/l/llJ
5
J{JI nOCJleIOw.MX Onepal.{MH JlbITSI)KKH Jla npccca.x aBoAHoro ;QeACT8J.fSl:
a) C HH)t(HItM BhlTaJJKHB8TeneN;
6) nPM paooTe Ha npoB8JJ
([

144
7.17.1.02. npH B60pe pcmHYCOB s3KpyrneHHiI MaTpHD;Y H nyaHCOHa He06xoHMo YQHTblBaTb, 'iTO M3JlHe paHyCbl
ni>HBoT IC YBeJIHqeHHIO YCHnHiI BIiTSlJKKH H, cneOB8TeJIIaHO, K )'BeJJH\leHHJO onaCBOCTH IXi3pHBa eTaJlH, a cnHmKoM
60nhmHe paZ{HYCH cnOCo6CrBYJOT 06pa3oBaHHIO CICJJ8.n:OK.
7.17.1.03. npH oMfOOnepaHoHHOH BliTB;a<KC 6es YTOHeHHiI KpyrJJhlX eT3JleH paZ{HYC s3KpyrneHHSI ny3HcoH3 paBeH
paZ{HYCY BIJITj[rHBaeMOH AeTaJIH, T. e. Rn = Ra. P3JJHyc s3KpyrneHHSl RM B MM onpC,AeJlSJeTCSI:
AJl5I Z{eTaJleH H3 M5IT'KOH CT8JIK
RM = (4.. .10) s;
(11 5)
AnB eTaJreH H3 M5IrKoA JIaTYHH It aJlJOMHHHR
RM - (3...5) s.
(11 S3)
 17.1.04. B Ta6J1. 96 naHH OnTHMaJJhHblC BCJ1HQHHH pa.I{Hyca a3KpyrneHHB MaTpH(tbl RM B 33BHCHMOCTH OT TO]lH-
Hhl MaTepHaJla H yABoeHHoH BenHQHHhI pa3HOCTH ,DH3MeTpa 33roTOBKH D] H Z{H3MeTpa nepBoH BhlTBkH d 1 , T. c.
2(D3 - d 1 ) KJ1H yBOeHHOH BeJlH'lHHhI pa3HOCTH Z{HaMeTpa nepBoH B&ITIDKKH d l H I{HaMeTpa BTOpoH BTBKH d 2t T. e.
2(d l - d 2 ).
Jl;JB MHoroonepaHHOH B&ITB;a<KH OnTHM3JJhHbIH paZ{HyC 3aKpyrneHuSI ny3HCOHa Rn paBeH R M , KpoMe nOCJ1eeH
onepaHH. AonycKaeTc.Sl nocrerreHHoe YMeHblDeHHC paZ{HYca 33KpyrncHu5I nyaHcoH3, HaIlHH3J1 co BTOpoH onepauHH.
Jl.11B nOCJIeeH onepal.{,HH B&JTiI)KKH Rn = Ra .
7.17.1.05.. PaliHYCY s3KpyrneHHSI MaTpHuhI npH B&JTiI)lCKe npJlMoyroJJIaHHX ,DeT3JleH onpee.nSlTh aHaJlOrHQHO Bhl-
TJI)KKe Kpyrnhlx ,DeT3JleH 6e3 YTOHeHHB.
PaHychl s3kpyrneHHH Dl3TPHUY RM WIJI THT3HOBhlX CDJl3BOB npHHHM3Tb:
Tat) n Ii U. a 96
fOIDUHHa
M8TepHana
s
0,20
0.25
0,30
0.50
0,75
1.0
I
2,0
2,5
31'0
3HaeHIUI mCflH'lHHLI
2 (D 3 -d( )
H!lit
2 (d. - d 2 )
PaAHYc a'KpyrneHHJI BLITIDKHOR MaTpH1 RM
--- --------..
10 0.7 0,8 1,0 1.2 1,5 1,7 2,0 4 ---'!-
-------...----
20 1,2 1.3 1,5 1,7 2.0 2.4 2,7 3.3 3,7 4.2
----------
30 1,5 1,7 I 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,2 4 1 7 5.1
----- -- --- - 2,5 - ------------------------- 5,5
40 1.8 2.0 2.2 30 3,5 4, I 5,0 61'0
-- - ----- 5,5 6,8
50 2,.0 2,3 2,5 2,8 3.4 4.0 4,5 6.1
80 2,5 2,8 3,0 3.7 4.4 5.0 6,0 7,2 8,0 8.9
100 2.7 3,.0 3,3 4.0 4,8 5.7 7,0 8,2 9.0 10,0
------------------
120 2,8 3,2 3,5 4,4 5,3 6.2 71'3 9..0 9,8 11.0
----
150 3.0 3.6 3,.8 4,8 5,9 6,9 8,0 10.0 11,0 12.3
180 1,3 3.7 4,1 5,2 6.4 7,5 8,6 10.7 12,0 13,2
200 3,5 4.0 4.3 5.5 6.7 7,8 9,0 11.3 12.6 14,0
220 3.6 4,2 4,5 5,8 7,2 8,3 9,5 11.8 13,3 14.7
250 4.0 4.4 4.8 6,3 7.7 8,8 10.1 12.5 14,3 15,7
280 4.2 4,6 5,.2 67 8,3 9,5 10,7 13.3 153 16.8
300 4,4 4,8 5.4 7.0 86 98 11.2 13,8 16,0 17,5

145
A1HI 1 -I: onepaQHH BIiTSI:ltKH 6e3 HarpeBa
R.. = (6...8) s;
1
(116)
A1Hlt-A onepaH B&ITBXKH C HarpeBoM
RM. = (8...10) s;
1
( 116a)
A1HII1OCJ1IO onepaQ,HD B:LITJDKKH 6e3 HarpeB3 H C HarpeBoM
R Mz == (0,6...1,0) R M. 1 ·
( 1166)
7.17.1.06. J1;Ig BJiTJDKKH M3TepHaJlOB TO]IHOA CBHlIIe 3 NM HYChl s8KpyrneHHH BHTJlJKHIiX M3TpH c.neJ:\YeT
npHHHMaTh no Ta6JJ. 97.
PMHYC s3KpyrneHH.tI uyaHcoHa Rn =- (0,7.. .1) RN.
7.17.1.07. PHychl3aKpyrneHHB MaTp RM H nyaHCOHa Rn np" BhlTJlJK:KeeTaJleH C yroHeHBeM peKoMeHJ:\YeTCiI
Onpe.lleJIftb no Ta6JJ. 98.
7.17.1.08. Ha npoecc IIHTI]KKH CYlQeCTBeHHOe BJlHj[HHe OXa3HBaeT BhlCOTa h ltHJIHPHqecKOro nOBCK3 MaTpMhI
(Ta6JJ. 95). BhlCOICHii nOJICOk cnoco6crBYeT HaJlHn3HHIO MeT3JL1Ia, qTO npHBo):tHT K 6.hICTpOMY H3HQCy MaTp1I a HH3KHA
nOSiCOk - K nepeJCocy BHT)KKH.
BUCOTa nOjlCKa h II NM onpe.lleJUleTCB no 4>oI>Myne
h=- (5...10) s.
( 117)
BOJIhmOe 9HaqeHHe h npHHHM3Th A1HI BliTjI)KKH eT8JleH H3 TOHKHX M3TepHaJlOB.
Ta tiJl H Lta 97
TOJIUUlH8 M8TepHaJla
B
P&):U{YC 38KpyrneHHJI BLITJDlCHOI: M8TpItlOd. RM
1  oneplUXwr BbITJDKKH 2 H IIOCl1eyJOlIUte oiIepal\llH BIalTJlJKelC
CB. 3 JJ.O 6
(3 +4).1
(IJi+2)s
6 10
(1,8+2.5)$
(1.5 71.8).!
T B 6 n Ii Lt a 98
TOJllltHHa M8Tepuana, ,
P&):U{YC38KpyrneHHJl
BbITHHOIT MaTpl. RM
HYC 3alq)YrneHIUI
BLlYJ[)I(HOrO JIy8HCOHa, Rn
OT 0.5 no 2
CB. 2 AO 6
(1,3+ I t 5)s
(1.25+1.5) s
(1,2+ 1,8)8
(0.5 +0,1) s

146
7.17.2. KOHc1pyHpoBaHHe BYT..HhlX nyaHcoHoB
7.17.2.01. no CIl0c06y kpeDJIeRR1I pa3JIHQalOTCjI CJIIOe BhlTj(IHHe nyaHCOHY: 6e3 nyaHcoHo,[\epZaTeJIg (pHC.
192, a) t e nyallOOHoAepZaTeJleM H pe3h6oBHM coeHHeHHeM (pile. 192, 6), e pacKJlenlCo.A (pHC. 192, B). DOCJIe,LIHHH npH-
MeHJlCTCJI npH S S 1,0 MM.
7.17.2.02. B nyaHCOHe cne nYCMorpen ueHTpaJlJJHwA B03ymHIiA: K3H3JI, Ilr06H 06nerq}{'Th CbeM e nyaHco-
Ha BYTmtyToH era.nH. AHaMeTp BDIHOro KaHaJla CJIeer BY6Hp3Th paBHHM 6-8 % aHaMerpa BhlTj(XHOro nyaHCOHa..
a
8
o
PMc.192
7.17.3. Ynopw IILlTilZHLlX WT8NOOB
7.17.3.01. AJISI HlCcaHH saroroBICH Ha nepBoA onepaItHH BHTtlZICH npHMeHlOTCj[ YTonalOHe (pRC. 193, a) H nO-
CTOJlHHhle ynophl (pac. 193 11 6).
npM npHMeHeHHH mT8M1IOB e npHJKHMOM 3aroTOBKH AnSI FJlYOOICOH BYT.HKH er8JIeH H3 TOHKOro M3TepHaJIa Ha
npeccax npocroro eiiCTBH5I, CHa6J1CfHHhlX npyJKHHHYM HJIH pe3HHOBHM 6y4>epoM, He06xoHMo npycMOTpeTb ynoplJl
(pHC. 194) H COOTBeTCTBYJOInee 38IIU1THOe YCTpoitCTBO no TeXHHKe 6e30nacHOCTH (KOJlHlIeCTBO ynopoB - He MeHee
TPeA). ·
/" /
" / ,/////'
,
o
I
PHC. 193

141
nocnl0RHlfblU
'JOp pr.:!)/lIJ P!J(}HbIU
l-JI onelNJl4US1 
""-
"

-..

I.




I)

I:
[
d
- -...
2-a OReJJQJ4WI
PMC- 194
7.18. IIEPETSIJKHblE PEBPA
7.18.01. nepeTBHHe pe6pa npHa3HaqeHH AJISI nOBlllmeHHj( HHTeHCHBHOCTH TOpMOJlteHHjf 3aroToBKH no npH)J{U-
MOM C eJ1hJO nOB:bImeHHR COnpoTHBJleHIUI e4>oPMHPOB3HHIO .naHa» npH BNTjlJkXe CJlOKbI.X .JteT3Jleii. nOBhlmaR R1IH
ocna6JI.HB HHTeHCHBHOCTb TOPMOeHH.SI Ha OTeJIhHHX Y'laCTK3X, MOJKHO peryJlHpom3Tb BTRnrBaHHe wT3MnyeMoro Me-
TaJIJJa B npoeM MBTPHQhI H TaKHM OOpa30M BJIHSlTb Ha npouecc 4>oPMoo6pa3OBaHH.SI AeTaJlH. B TeX cnY'I851X, KorJ¥l He06-
XOJJ;HMO OCyR\CCTBHTb BN11IJkXY cnOJIrnOA JIeTaJllU S3 CqeT paCTjlJkeHH MCT8JL1Ia, CTaBn nap3.JI.1leJ1bHO HeCKOnbKO nepe-
TSUKIIYX pe6ep.
7.18.02. B B:LITg-JkewX WT8Mnax, yCTaH3BJIHBaeMHX Ha npeccax BOHHOro eHCTBHR, nepeTBZHhle pe6K3 craBSIT
o6li1{HO B npHJlCHMHOM KOJlh, 1iTO 06nerqaeT HaJlKy mTaMDa H nOBHwaer crOHKOCTh pe6ep.
7.18.03. B HHZHeA 1IaCTH WTaMIIa, B M3TpHlIe, nepeTlIHhle pe6pa CTaBgT nUWb B Tex cn}"l8mc, xora nHHHB oope3-
KH BhlT.HXHOro nepexo)¥l npoXO):{HT pB,AOM C HHM. BepxHee pacnOJlo:acemre nepeT»)KHhlX pe6ep B 3TOM cnyqae BU3h1B3eT
OCJIa6.1IeHHe peJltym.ero Y'IacTlCa y ceKnHH MaTPIfQH oopesHoro WTaMDa. PeKOMeH.Z\YeMue 4>oPMhI nepeTBJKHhlX pe6ep B
M3TpHQax DOKa33HhI Wi pRC. 195, a; pa3Mephi b npHBeeHhI B Ta6.1I 99.
Ta6nHI.{a 99
b ....
--
C"\I
--
.... ...
--
... ...: 
..;:
". '" 
-i
I
TonlUKH3
MaTepHana, s
WHpHH3
pe6pa 7 b
llo 1
CB. 1 1J.O 2
2
2.5 - 3
-
PHC. 195
7.18..04. PeKOMeH.t\YeMNe pa3Mephl H pacnOJlo)J{eHHc nepeTJI)KHblX peoep nOJlYKpyrJloro npoc.t>lU1B no WHpHHe q>JlaH-
Ita Bhl11I;KHOro nepexDM, npHMeHBeMhle B aBTOMOOHJIhHoH npoMhllWIeHHOCTH, npHBeeHh( B Ta6JJ. 100 H Ifa pHC. 196.
BOJIbWHe 3HaqeHII5I BenHqHH A HAl 6paTb npH MaKCHM8JlbHOM yrne HaKJIOHa f3 .
7.18.05. Ha PHc. 197 M 198 npHBeeHbI KOHCTpyKTHBHble 3J1eMCHTblnyr006pa3HblX nepeTB)J(HblX pe6ep H3 CT3JlH
MapKH YIOA, aHa pHC.. 199 - JT-OOp33HHX nepeTB)J{Hhix pe6ep H3 CTanH MapKH XI2ct-l.
Tat)lIHltli I ()()
------ -.
ITpHMeHeHHc A AI b H hI Ri '0
1lnR MenJ<HX IllTaMnOB 25-32 25-30 14 6 5 7 115
1lnR cpeJ1HHX Ii Kpymudx WT8MDOB 28-35 28-32 16 7 6 8 150
------ -
ITpM nOBhIweHHOM H3Hoce MaTpHll. 32- 28 32 38 20 8 7 10 150
- -------- --------- -- -"""'-

PMC. 196

BUHmbl rOCT 599j..61
A-A
Rfl5
e-....
-...
2
5-6
Rir -
 ----
f "_ _ _ = =
:::----+-
30 - 6 JO
-., I ----.---
., . Ij
.
t
-..-J6
r:t
'\ o.s x Ii!; -
.... ,

2omB.HO
I
 l:tJ - ,
.
JOO (He 6onee)
PHc.l97
148
o-{}
--
noBepll'lTTJD
PIIC. ) 98
lteTaJlH I; 2; J M ., BIUULHe ycnOBHO He nOd3aiIW
1 - IllTaNnyeMa. Ae'I'8JUt; 2 - BWTg.HOA ny8HCOH; J - ne-
penuKHoe pe6po, 4 - np")lClIM; , - MaTpHlUi

\ /1/mOMntjeMIl H j}pma /TtJ
PMc..199
.J
I
r- 8  3
.I
/
I\' !J?G1
7.19. BhITJI:>KKA AETAJlEA H3 I.\BETHbIX METARJIOB H CnJJABOB
C nPHMEHEHHEM MECTHOrO HArPEBA
7.19.01. npeen.hHhle SH811eHHB KoIt>HI1HeHTa B&ITBJKKH MOJKHO CHM3HTb JlJI YMeHbweHHB KOJIHlJeCTBa onepa-
D3- d
[(Hii')  npHMeHBB MeCTHH:A HarpeB BHemHero KOJlhl1eBoro c2JnaHlt3 3aTOTOBKH WHPHHOii.. paBHOii' 2 1 H O.l1HOBpe-
MeHHO OXJI3X<J¥iB l1eHTpa.1IbHYJO 'll8CTh HaMeTpoM dO (pHC. 200).
7.19.02. OrnHMaJIbHaR TeMDepatypa HarpeBa c2JnaHa saroroBKH np" B&ITBJKKe 3JleH H3 3JlIOMHHHeBhlX cnnaBOB
H JlaTYHH nPHBeeHa B Ta6.1I. 101.
I



-=:.
r
Q.)


1
PMC- 200
I - TepMOM30JUILtHR; 2 - Tpy6qaTblH 3J1eKTpoH8I"peBaTeJJt.

150
Ta tin H u.. a 101
HaHMeHOBaHHe M MapKa MBTepHana
o IttHManDHIUl TeMnepaTypa. o€
AnIONHHHeBwe CnJ18BId B9SA-T 1 
480-500
AnIOMHHHeBbIe CM8Bbl .n16A AMu..
320-340
naTYHL n63
450-480
TatinHu..a 102
Ko3Cl>4>JUJ.HeHT h ·

BIdTJI)f(KH mnp d
0.39 1,44
0,42 1,18
0,37 1,62
0,33 2.10
0,32 2,20
0,,33 2,,10
HaHMeH08aHHe H M8pJ<a MBTepHlJ1a
AnJOMIUIHeswtt cnnaa AMr
AruoMHHHeBwA CI111aB AMU
AnIOMHHHeBwtt cnnaa .n16A
An.,MHHHeBhlA CrumB .n166...T
An.,MIDfHeBhIA cnnaa B95 A-T I
1IaTYH& n63
.h
::El!.. _ OTHoweHKe npe,QenhHOH BbiCOThi _ neT8JIH K P;H8MCl'pY BbITR)I(ICH.
d
7.19.03. npeneDRhle 3HaqeHHSllCo*lmHeHTa BLlTJlJlCKH JtHJIHpHqeCKHX eT3JIeH H3 amoMHHHeBhlX CI1Jl3BOB H
JJaTYHH npH onTHMaJIhHOH TeMneparype MecTHOro HarpeBa .1IaHa nPHBeeHH II Ta6JJ. 102.
7.19.04. npe.ue..nbHhle 3HaQeHH.5I Ko34xl>HIUleHTa BliTHKH ICB3l1j)aTHbiX H npjlMoyro.J1bHLlX nonNX eT3JleH npH on-
THMaJlbHOA TeMnepaType MecrHOro HarpeBa ct>JIaHu.a H P3.ZlHYCY s3KpyrJIeHHB yrnoBHx ytUiCTKOB B DnaHe npHBeeHhl B
T36JJ. 103.
7.19.05. Lf.;uIII1CB AeT3JIeA H3 MaJHHeBbiX CIlJI8BOB npHMeHSIIOTCSI MaPKH MAl H MAS. B X01IOJnfOM COCTOJIHHB B03-
MO)ItHO nOJlyqeHHe Herny60Koii 8HTRZICH npH C'JIe,lQ'IOWRX Ko34xPHHeHTax: m - 0,9. . .0,85 WUI MAl H m - 0,85.. .0.75
WUI MA8.
rny60xaSl Bhl'I1l:&JCa Aera.neA H3 NarHHeBLIX CDJIaBOB npoH3BO,AHTCK TOJI:&JCO C nQAorpeBOM.
7.19.06. Ha pRC. 201 nOKa3aHIJI rpa4>HKH S3BHCHMOCTH Ko34xl>HHeHTa BhlT g M8I'HHeBhIX cnnaBOB OT TeMnepa-
TypH noorpeBa (BHTKlCa npoH3BOHTCg c OXJl8eHBeM nyaHcoHa).
OnTJlM3J1LHaSi TeMnepaTYpa BhlTJIJkICH WIjI CMaB8 MAl - 320. .. .330 DC; WUI CIIJI8Ba MAS - 300.. .375 DC.
YMeHbweHHe TeMnepaTypH Harpesa CHHaer npoilHOCTh H yMeHbIIIaer DJl3CTH1IH0CTb Mal'HHeBIiX CIIJIBBOB. npH
TeMnepaTYpe 425.. .450 .C HacryoaeT KpaCH01IOMICOCTb H HRTeHCHBHoe pa3pymeHHe e4>oPMHPYCMOro N3TepHaJJa.
7.19.07. PeKOMeHJO'eMHe ICOHU)leHTH BHTgcKH C nQAOrpesaM M3rHBeBHX CMaBOB npHBCAeHLI B Ta6.1I. 104"
HarpeB MamHeSHIX S3roroBOK npoH3BOHTCg:
a) II mT3Mne. cHa6*eHHoM 3JIeKTpo- HJlH ra30HarpeBOM;
6) B ra30BHX HJlH 3JIeKTpHQeCKHX nellax;
B) B r330BhlX HJlH 3JleKTpH'ICCKHX neqax npH OAHOBpeMeHHOM HarpeBe B mTaMne;
[') B CBHHOBYX HJI.H MaCJlKHIJIX B3HHax c npMMeHeHHeM MaceJI, HMeJOHX BHCOKYIO TeMoepaTyPY BOCDJIaMeHeHHSI
(MacJJO csanop T. c -reMnepaTypoii BocnnaMeHeHHK 320 .C).
7.19.08. npH 8HTJD.KKe Ha KpHBOml1lJHHX H paBJIH'IecICHX npeccax 3aI'OTOBICH, leaK npaBHJIO, HarpeBalOTClI B
WTaMlI3K Me HarpeTYMH MaTpHeH H npHHMHhlM KOJIblJ.OM. IIITaMn (M8Tplfl(a H npHM) HarpeBalOTC.5I Tpy6Qa-
ThlMH 3J1eICTpoHarpeBaTeJlSlMH nH60 r330M.
PeKoMeyeMaR -reMnepaTYpa Harpesa mT3MnOB WUI rJlyooKoii BHTJIXH 370...420 0 , WUI Herny6oICoH BhlTiI)lCKH
300. . .350 .C.
7.19.09. QT06h1 npe):{OTBpaTHTb pa3phlB CTeHOK eranH II npou.ecce BY'l1IJlCKH. TeMnepaTypa nyaHcoHa AOJDKHa 6HTh
B npe.uenax 50...100 .C. 3TO AOCTHraeTCK oxnaeHBeM CTeHOK nyaHcOHa IUlpKyJIHPYJOlIteii BOD.oA (llepT. 199).

151
7.19.10. YAeJlbHhle naBJIeHH5I npHJDlM3 np" BIJIT)KKe M3mHeBIiX CIIJIaBOB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TeMnepaTypbl 3aro-
TOBleR npHBeeHY II Ta6J1. 105.
7.19.1 I. PMHYC s3xpyrneHHiI pa60lleH KpoMiCH MaTpH RJtI, B MN D;JISI BIIlTSI)lCKH Ma:rHHeBHX CII.1I3BOB OnpeeJUleT-
1
C9 no 4>opMyne
Tat)nHqa 103
Pa,u,HYC KBpaTHh1C nOJllde npJlMoyronLHLle nOIIhIe
3aKpyrneHWl AeTaJ1H AeTaJIa
HaHMeHOBaJlHe H M8pKa MBrep"'Ia yrnoBoro
ytlacTKa Ii lIJUlHe Ko",uHeHT h npy KOHIJ,HCHT h npy .
'0, MM BMTH>KJ<II --- BLlTJI)KKH --
m l l1p d y m ll1p d y
AnIOMMJiHCBhlA cnnaB AMr-M 0.075 1.50 0.083 1,46
AnJQMHHHeBhIA cnnaa AMu-M 0,078 1,44 0,086 1,44
2
AAIOMMJiHeBWR cDnaB .n16A 0,072 18 0,079 1.51
MarHHeBLrtt cnnaB MAl 0,040 2,73 0,037 2,93
MarHHcBhlA cnnaB MAS
AmoMHHHeSl.U.ft cnnSB AMr 1.51 0,149 1.57
0,15
AnIoNHHHeBHlt CIIJJ8JJ AMu.-M 1,45 0,149 1,53
5,5
MIOMHHHCBhlA cnnaa .n 16 A-M 0,13 172 0,137 1..72
.-
MarHHeBhdt ClI1IaB MAl 0.08 2,,89 0.013 3.12
MarHUeByA CDl1as MAS
AJUOMHHHeByA CIIJ18B AMr-M 12 0.244 1..60
0..24
AAIOMHHHesldA cnJl8B AMu 1,46 0,228 1.55
10.5
AnIOMHHHcBhlA cnnaB .n16A-M 0,21 1,,82 0.210 1,83
MarHHeBWR cnnaB MAl 0,14 3.06 0,125 3.22
Mal1lueByA ClI1IaB MA8
--------
.hnp
-..:2
lly - OTHOWeHHe ope.qenhHoA BblCOTbI YCJJOBHOro l\KRHHJUJ8 yrnoBO ro yqacrlCa K AH8MeTpy BblTJI)KkH ycnOBHOro ItHJIMH.I\Pa.
Ta t)JlH lt8 104
--
HaHMeHOBaHHe H M8pKa M8TepH8na 
Ko4tHnHeHT BI,IT$DKKH. m
1-J1 BhITJ[)f(1<8
2-JJ H nOCJIe}:U'IOlItHe
BWTJI>KKH
MarHHCBhlA CDJ18B MAl
0.50...0,42
0.67....0.57
n/= d
D
0,30
I 31
0,1B
0,*5 MAIM
o,SB
0,12
020 50 100 200 J 400 tDe
MannteBld.A CDl1as MA8
0.45. ..0,40
0.6 3.--0,55
Ta tin M U.a 105
HAHMCHOBaHHC H Mapl<8 M8repHan8
Y AenYloe nasneHHC I1pH)l(HMa. J<.rc}cM 2
npH OI1THMaJUaHolt npH TCMDepa1'ype
TeMDepaTYpe,oC 240---280 cc
PHC.. 201
MarHHeBwA CDIWI MAl
3.0..A.5
5.5...8
MarHHeBwlt cnmm MAR
3.5...5.5
7.--10

152
RJtl =K V(D 3- d ,JS t
1
(118)
re K
D3
do
Bhlmpaercilll 38BMCHMOCTH OT TOJIunDlH S no TaW.. 106;
HaMerp38nnOBKH.MM;
HaMerp nyaHCOHa, MM.
Ta6nHlt8 106
TOJD1UlH8 M8repM8J18
!.MM
0.6...1.0
1,2...1
2,0...3,0
K
0.6...1,1
O8"hl.2
1,,1...1.8
PHYC s3KpymeHHJI pa60cl KpoMKH M3TpH:QlJlllJlS IlTOpoA BHTZJC:H npmmM3eTC.51
RM = (0.6+1.0) RJtl ·
2 I
( 119)
PanMyc38KpyrneHHnyaHcoHa
Rn- (0,4+1.0) R M ..
(120)
7.19.12. B&11HllHHa OHOCTOpoHHero 3830pa Me nyaHcoHoM H M3TpeH ODpeAeJlSlCTCii no 4>oPMyne
z
2 =s + x,
(121)
re x - BeJlHIlHHa!l 3aBHC.SlaSl OT TOJIunDlH MBTeptlaJIa (TaM. 107).
7.19.13. npH KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH mTaMDOB lIJIS BhITJI(J(H M3nlHeBHX CMaBOB HeOOXOHMO )"IHTHBan ycaItKY eTa-
JIB nPH OXJIaZlteHHH no Tm. 108.
Ta6J1Mua 107
MN
\
T0!WUOla MaTepHaJIa. s 0.8 1.0 1.2 1,5 2,0
I -JI BldTJI.)I(I<8 0.20 O20...0.30 0,,30....0.35 0,40..-0.45 0,50...0,,60
x
2... H nocneJ1YDUUle BLlTJ[)I(KH 0,,10---0,16 0,J6.-.0.20 0.20...0.24 0.24....0,,30 0.30...0.35
IIpoOOHue
MM
T 01111.Uma MITepH8na, s 25 3.0 3.5 4 9 0
I-JI BhIT.R)I(KB 0.65...0.70 0,70...0.75 0,,78...0,,80 0.80. ..0. 85
x
2 -t[ H nocneJJYIDJ..QHe BDlTJI.)I(KH 0.34.....0..40 0,40...0,45 0.45....05 0 05 0....0.55

153
T . Ii.n It It 8 108
HaHMeHOBaHHe M8TepM8JIB KO:44JHl.\H eHT Yc.&JU<H .u.eranH npH TeMnepaType, aC
patsOqHX l:{e-ranel WTaMDa
150 200 250 300 350
QyryK H cram. IOOOI75 1,0025 1,00315 1,0040 1,0045
AnlOMIDfHCB1de cnnaBbJ 1.000175 1.0010 1.00135 1,0017 100185
PacqeTHHA pa3Mep onpeenileTCj{ YNHOJICeHHeM HQMHRaJlhROro pa3Nepa no qepTeJICy eT8JIH Ha Ko34>HII.HeHT
yC3JUCB.
7.20. nOCnEAOBA TEJIbHASI BbITjDKKA B JIEHTE
7.20.01. llITaMlIli  nOCJleOBaTeJI})HOA 8h1TilJltIC.H B JleHTe pexoNeHJ{yeTCg npHMeWlTb AJI.5I cepHitHoro. KpynHOCc-
PHHHOro B MaCCOBOI"O DpoH3BQaCTB3.
7.20.02. MaTepHaJI  nOCJleBaTen&HOH BHTg:;CKH B JleHTe AMIeH 06.nTh BYCOKOH DJIaCTH'lHOCThIO, BBIf.AY OT-
cyTCTB16 DpoMeyroqHoro ()UQIra NY Onepau.Hm4H.
.,.
PeKoN eHAyeN He NapKR NaTepBana nil BhlTilJlCKB B neHTe:
JIa:rYHh R63; R68; CTaJlh 08Kn; 10KD H aJlJOMHHHeBhlH CDJIas AMQ,-M.
7.20.03. Pa3JIHt.falOT l{Ba cnoco6a BHTg:;CKH B nHTe:
a) 6e3 llCUWe3KH neHThI;
6) C JlaJU)e3KOA .neHTHI.
7.20.1. BWTgJKKa 6e3 HaMKH JleHThi
7.20.1.01. BHT9;cK3 B qeJJOfr neHTe (pHC. 202) II03BOJIileT YNea,blDHTb pacxo MaTepHaJIa (no cpaBHeHHIO C BHTJI;tt-
lCoii B HM,pe3lCofr neHTW. OHaICO Tpe6YeT 6oJ1bmero wntCJIa nepeXOAOB. Do3TOMY BHTiI)lCXa B qeJJoA neHTe HMeeT orpa-
HHIJeHHOe npRMeHeHHe H NOXeT 6!iTh pek0B8R8 WIiI NeJllCHX ,neraneii co cneJQ'IOIItHMH napaMeTpaMH:
H
if < 1.0
!!!!
B d < 1.2 t
( 122)
rneH
d
Del'
BIiCOTa eraJIRt MM;
BHyrpeHHHH J{HaMerp AeTaJlH. MM;
AHaMerp clLrIaHIUI, MM.
\11
PHC. 202
7.20.1.02. llHCJlO nepexoAoB H MeonepaUHOHHhIC pa3NepY AeTanH onpeeJnllOTCSl ICOHu.HeHTaMH BblTilZXH.
YlCasaHHhlMB B TaM. 109.
Ta6nMlt8 109
HaHMeHOBaHHe
II M8pKa MRTepHana
nepexop;L1 BIdTIDKKIt
1...
2...
3-a
4-t1
5...
6-51
K03C)4JHlJ.HeHT BWTJDlCkH m (BWTJ[X(XS f5e3 H8JtPe3KH)
naTYHb n62 H n68
0.68
0 11 80
0,82
0,85
0,87
0.90
Cran 08K11; 10J<D
AmoMHHHcBbdt cnnas AMu-M
().72
0 11 85
0.87
0,90
0,92
0,95
n p H Me.. a H H e. PacqeT pa3MepoB C1ICJO'eT  no CpeAHCA JlHHHJ-t.
7.20.1.03. npH nOCJleoBaTenHioA BliTHJKKe B ((enol' .neHTe nOBepxHOCTb neplKJro nepexoZ{a BLlTIDKKH R8 10...15 %
OOnhme nOBepXHOCTH J'OTOBOH eTaJlH, a Ha nOCJleIOIIUfX nepeXOJJ;3X nOBepXHOCTh nOCJ1eBaTeJlhHO YMeH:&waeTCg 1JP
"
pa3Mepa nOBepXHOCTH rorOBOH AeTanH.
7.20.1.04. llIBpHHa neHTW B B MM onpeeJljleTCg

B=I, ID 3 +2b t
( 123)
me D3
b
AH3MeTp Sal"OTOBKH, onpe.QCJlJleMhlH no MeroM, U3JIOJICeHIWN B D. 7.2.2;
IDHPHH3 6oKoBhIX nepeMlitleK (13M. 110).
Tafi.Dlflta 110
MM
T == (0,.8.. .0,9) DJ
(124)
D3 b
11.010 1-1.5
Ca. 10 1J.O 30 1.5-2
CD.. 30 2-2,5
IlIar nO"H T B MM npu BblTJI;)KKe B l(CJlOH JlCHTe onpe.QeJJJleTCg
7.20.2. BYTJlK:Xa C HaJqJe3KoH JleHThi
7.20.2.01. npeBapHTeJIbHO DO 4>oPMYJle (125) onpeeJlHTb 06IqHH KOHlUleHT nOCJleBaTeJILHofr BIlTJaCKH
m06 B neHTe 33;:1;aHHOH lteTaJIH WIg npoBepXH B03MOJICHOCTH BIIITjlZKH 6ea npoMeJICYTOIJHoro OTHra
d aem
m06= D =m l .m2... m n t
3
( 125)
rne d iJem
D3
ml t m2'....m n -
 - 
H3HMeHbWHH In{aNeTp roTOBOH eTaJIH DO cpeHeH nHHHHt MM;
lUI3MeTP SaI"OTOBKH, MM;
K034xl>HQHCHThI BIJiTgJKKH DO nepeXo;a;aM.
BeJ1H1lHH3 AonycrHMoro oomero Ko34xlmu..ueHT3 "BHTJlZICH mol}", saBHCHT OT XHNHKO-C!»mulleCKHX CBoACTB M3TepH-
3J13 R YCJIOBHA BHTSI)KKIi. OpueHTHpoBOllHble SHa"eHHjI 3THX "OHHeHTOB npHBeellH B Ta6JI. 111.
7.20.2.02. (1)opNa RaJWeSKH BH6upaeTCg B 33BHCHMOCTH OT "eT3JIH. Ha pRC. 203 npHBeeHhI HaHoo-
Jlee qacro npHMeHileMhle 4>oPMH HaJWe30K JleHTY.
(1)opMa (pRC. 203, a) npHMeHKeTCj( Mil BHTJlJKKU KpyrJIblX .QeTaJleH OOnhmero lJ;HaMeTpa DpII TOJle MaTej)HaJla
o 1 MM.
TafinHlta III
HaHMeHOBaHHe 11 M8pKa
MBTcpHan8
BpeMeHHoe Ko3(j>q,HlUleH'.L
conpOTHBneHHe BLlTJDKKH mo6m
O'B MOa (I<rC)MM 2 ) (B!d1'R)I(i<8 C H8Jq)e3KOR)
CTaJ1L 08J<n; 10RO
300...400
(30...40)
0.15...0,20
flaTYHb n62 II n68
AnIOMHHHeBhItt cnnas AMn-M
80...110
(8...11)
0,20...0,25
I
- 1- -
. . 
I
- 1---
Pac}llYC 0.2+0.5 W1U
nAOUlac}Kll 0.571
8
/J,
EE
D,
.
-
fi
B
r
IJ.
P.:c. 203

155
HeJ{OCT8TOIC 3TOH 4JopMH - npH BHTilXKe nOnepellHaii nepeMhlqxa H3m6aercSi B 3aTpylUIeT nO1lY.
npH HaJU>e3Ke neHTbI no c!x>pMe (pHe. 203, 6) nOnepC'lHaii nepeMyqxa Bhlpe33eTCjI. HeOCTaToK 3TOH c!x>PMY - Re-
B03MOHOCTh 4>HKcaHH, Tax KalC a npoecce lDTaMnOBKH .neHTa cYJlCaercSi. YK8S3HH351 4>opMa npHMeRileTCII Wlil BIJI-
...
TKH ICpyrJlYX eraneH N3JlOro lJ;HaNeTpa.
npH HpeSKe no 4>oPNe (pRC. 203 B) mHpBHa H AJIHH8 JleHThl npH mTaMIIOBKe He H3NeHJlIOTCx. TaK3j1 H3;U)e3Ka
npHMeWleTC.SI, Koa Tpe6yercg ycraROBHTb cl>HICC8TOpH. PeKOMeHJU'eMHe pa3NepH npa nj)HMeHeHHH HaJU>e3IC.H no 3TOH
4>oPMe: WHpHHa nepeMlillKII b L - (0.75...1,25) MM, WHpHHa MOCTHK3 b - (2.. .5) MM a 33BHCHMOCTH OT ra6apHT3 l(CTaJlH.
H3Jq)e3K3 no 4>opMe (pHC. :l03, r) npHMeHSIercSi npH BhlTSIKe npilMOyroJlMWX eT3JIeii.
HaJU>e3ICH no 4q)Me (pHC. 203, 6 B r) H3a6anee pacnpocrpaaeHHHe.
H3Jq)e3K3 no cI>opMe (pac. 203, ), npllMeHileMaii npHBHTSIKe..pyrnHXeTaJleiiMuoroAHaMeTpa.n03BOJIileT HC-
nOJIh30BaTh 6o.nee Y3XYlO neHTy, TalC KaK B 3TOM CJIY\I8e WHpHHa neHTHI B paBHa HaMeTpy 3afOTOBKH D3. H3J1HlIlIe
m6KHx NOCTHKOB yny1lm3eT yc.nOBH BhlTgJICKB R CO'KpaIIIaeT KOJIII'IecTBO nepexO,lJ;OB..
T

PMc.204
7.2.20.03.l(HaMeTp 3aroroBKH (pHC.. 204) npH nOCJlOBaTeJlhHoii: BhlTilJlCKe C Ha.qpe3Koii onpe.QeJIHTh C Y'IeTOM KO-
94xPHeHTa a
D3 =D 3 ' a,
(126 )
rne D3 r - lJ;HaNeTp aaI'OTOBKH, nO):{C'IHTaHHLlH no nOBepXHOCTH eT8JIH, MM.
IlIRpHHa 4>HrypHoii e3KH b B MM C Y'IeTON Ko34xPRI(HeHTa fJ onpe.QeJlilercg
b = D 3 fJ ·
(127)
IIIHpHHa JleHTli B B MM C Y'IeTOM Ko34>HHeHTa ')' onpeeJHlercSi
B =b +')'s,
(128)
rne a, fJ, ')' -
ICOHu.HeHTIi, Y'lHTHBalOlIUfe TeXHOJIOm'leCKHe ocooeHROCTH 8IJITSlJKKH B JleHTe npa nj)HMeHeHHH
lf3Ape3KH no c!x>PMe 6 (TaM. 112).
TafinHlt8 112
=...............-
KOH- T01lI1(HHa IllTaMDyeMoro MaTCpHana s, MM
IUleHT
0,2...0,3 0,4...0.S 0,6.. .0.8 0,9...1.2 1.3.-- tS 1.6...2
a 1.1 1,07 1,05
lJ 1.07...1,1 1,04... 1 .07 1,02...1,04
,.. IS 10 7 S 4 3

156
IlIar nO1lH T B MM npH BHTJlJlCKe B JlCHTe c npeBapilTenhHOH RBAPe3KOKonpe.QCJlilercSi
T = D3 +a
( 129)
I'Ae a - mHpHHa nepeNH1lJCH (TaM. 113).
TafiJJHlta 113
T OmLUtHa Ma-repM8Jl3.. S
mMpHH8 ncpCMLI'II<H q
J:{O 1
3s
HO He MeHee 2 MM
CD. I 1J.O 2
2s
7.20.2.04. 'IlHCJlO ncpeXOJ];OB H HX pa3Mephl npH BhlTJl1KKe B JleHTe C npe,ABapHTeJ1hHOii II3J1pe3Kofr OIIpe.QeJlg'lOTcs Ko-
3<l$HQHeHTaMH BYTilXKH, YK3salDlhlMR B Ta6n. 114.
TafinHlt8 114
Hal1:MeHOS8HHe H M2pl(a l1epexoJ];h1 BhITJI}t(KH
MBTCpH8J1a
1 2 3 4 S 6
I<o3<)JIII!HeHT RhITJDKKH. m
naTyHL n62, n68
0.60 0.76 0,78 0,80 0,82 6,85
CTanb 08; 10
A1TIOMMHHt=BhIA cDnaB 0.62 0.78 0,80 0.82 0,84 0.86
AMu-M
7 .20.2.05. PHYCbl saKpyrJIeHHH nyaHcoROB Rn R MaTp RM onpe.QeJIHTh no 4>oPMYJlaM:
a) AJISI l-ro nepexoJ¥i B},ITSIKH:
Rn = (3...5) s;
1
( 130)
RM = (2...4) s;
1
(131)
6) WlJI nOCJlelOlIUIx nepeXOOIl BliTjI:lCKH:
Rn =(O,7...0,8)R n .
n n-I
( 132)
HO He MeHee 2 s;
RM =O,7SR M '
n n-I
( 133)
HO He NeHee 3 s.
YMeHbweHHe panHYCOB Rn H RN H3 npoMe)KYTOtlHhlX nepexoJ];ax npoH3BOHTb paBHOMepilO.
AnR nOJlY'ICHIIJI TOTOBhlX AeTaJIeii c R... < S R RII < 2s CJleyeT BBeCTK K8JlH6poBOllHhle ncpeXOJ{H (6e3 H3MeHeHHK AH-
aMeTpa BHT.R)KKH), npu STOM onYCKaeTC51 YMCHhweHHe paAHYccm R3 K8OM K3nH6poBOIlHOM nepexo Ha SO %.
TIpH KOHCTpyHpoBaHHH IDTaMna peKOMeanYIOTCJI MHHHMaJlbHUe PHYCbI C l(enLIO B03MO>lCHOCTH HX YBeJIH1iCHHJI
npH OTJIaJ(Ke lliTaMlIa.

151.
7.20.2.06. BIiCOTa BblTBXKH no nepeXOJ];aM onpe.QCJlJleTC5I B CJle.QylOnieM nOpH.l1;Ke:
a) BHa1laJ1e HaXQJUlT AH3MeTp $JlaHn3 H3 nOCJIeHeM nepexone BblTKKH, HCXO;:tSl H3 lJ:HaMeTpa 3aroToBKI1 D 3 ; 3TOT
AHaMeTp OCTaeTCg nOCTQ5IHHHM H3 nepBOM R nOCJ1eIOw."x nepexo.nax BblNJlCKH;
6) pacC'JHTYBalOT IU:iCOTY BhlTJIKH, HCXOiI H3 paSMepoB AHaMeypa 3aroToBKH R 4maHI.U1t a T3K)Ke paBeHCTBa IIJIO-
DtaAH nOBepxHOCTH K3>1G1.0ro nepexoJ];a BHTilIKH nnoa)tH nOBepXHOCTH HCXOJ];HOH 3aroTOBKH.
7.20.2.07. Y CHJlHe npuZHM8 Ha nepBDM nepexoe onpeeJleTCSl no c!>oPMYJle (138).
7.20.2.08. npH KOHCTPYHpoBaHHH lliTaMn3 AJISI BHTilJlCKR B JlCHTe (pHC. 205) CJle.nyeT:
a) Upe,D;YCMOTpeTIJ OTeJI])Hhlii nHM A1ISI l-ro nepexoJ];3 BUTBJlCKH R Hpe3KH, 'lT061i npe.a;OTBpaTHTb CKJJ3JJ.Koo6-
pa30BaHHe B H3NeHemre NeneHTpoBHx pacCTOiIHHH OTJ:teJIbHX nepexo):{oB BhlTJJJICKH.
6) MaTpH npeJlYCUOTpen BCTaBHHMH.
IIIepoxOBaTOCTh pa60tlHX IIDBepXHOCTCH nyaHcoHoB H M3TpHlt 0,1 no faCT 2789; nyaHcoHbI H M8TPHIJ.hI peKOMeH-
u U
AYeTC.sI UOJIHpoBaTb B XpoMHpoB3Tb AJISI nOBHmeHIUI CTOHKOCTR R ycrpaReHH5I H3JIHnaHHjI npH BUTilJKKe eTa.neH 113
MSirlCHX NaTepU3.nOB;
B) CbeMHHKH AJ1j( DOCJIe.AYIOID.HX nepeXOJ];OB AeJlaTb nOABIDKHhlMR npH S < 1 MM B HellOJnlWKHHMB npH S > 1 MM. no-
ABHIP\:HHii cxeMHHK AOJIXeH Paf)oTaft Ha JlCecTKHH YAap JVlSl nOJIY'IeHHK B KoHne XOJ];a poBHOH noaepxHOCTH JleHTli H
lImaHlteB mTaMOYCMliX l{eTaJIeii; C'beMHHKIi WlJI Abiponp06RBRhIX H 06pe3Hhlx nyaHcoHoB peKOMeanYeTCg BenHTh OT....
AeJlhHO OT BhlnIHhlX nyaHcoHoB (pHC. 205>;
r) :&enHlIHHY 3a30poB AJISI BhlnIKH B JIeHTe npHHHM3Th no Taw. 93 H 94;
) npH Tpex HJ1H 60JJee nepexo;:r.ax BHTJlJlCKR A06aBHTh nQCJIe nepBoro nepexOAa OHH pe3epBHhIii nepexoZ{ BYTilXKH
JVlSl 06J1eNeHH5I HanaztKH WTaMoa.
7.20.2.09. nyaHCoHbI MOryT6liTb ycraHOBJ1eHhI B BepXHeM (pHc.205) HJlH HH)KHeM nyaHcoHoep)ICaTeJIe (pile. 206);
npH pacnOJIO)KeHHH nyaHcoHOB B HHHeM nyaIlCOHOep)KaTCJle OOnce YHO 06ecnell.HTb HKCHpoB3HHe B nOJ];a'ly no-
JIOCH t OHaKO ycn.O:XCHg,IOTCII ycnOBH CbeMa rorOBOH eTa.nH. AonycK3ercJI ycraHoBK3 l1J1aBalO1l.\HX nyaHcOHOB.
7.20.2.10. cDHKC3IU151 neHTHI (DonOChl) no mary R wHpRHe npH PY1DlOH noaqe OC;YIneCTBJIgeTC.5l:
a) maroBIiMH HOJKaMH;
6) ABYM51 WTH4rraMH nPH II8JIH'IHH TeXHOJlOrH1IeCKoro Blipe3a;
a) cPrXcaTOPOM, pacnOJlOXeHHYM Ney nepBYM H BTOphlM nepeXOJ];aMH BhlTSlJKKH;
r) cPtXcaTopoM. pacnOJlOXeHHhlM:B KOHl(e, T. e. nOCJ1e Blipe3XH eTaJIH;
) nOBHTeJletd R8 Blipe3HON nyaHcoHe;
e) IIITH4n'aMH HJIH nnaHlCaMH no 06e CTOpoHY .neHThl (nOJlOChI). KaX,A3J1 BHTj{)KKa OJl}KHa l(eHTpoB3ThC:sI :B me3e
MaTpHI!Ii nOCJlelOmero nepeXOlIa.
2
1
t
 /
/
PMC- 205
1- npHBCHM M111-ro nepexo,.a B&.JTil)l(lO( Ii HaJ(M;
2 - CLeNHHIC AnA nOCJle.zorlOHX nepeXOJ¥)B
 / '//'' V / .//y' // 
/"/ r\-"" ,,..-.,' I  ,/ IL' //  
t! ('/ \ \' )K i.f'' , /, './  /: 
1M. '-''',,,r..., / /\ . l '\ '. / /J
  ?,' . ,
   " "" " '-",
-t  f    . '"""""E ...: ·  ., 
-  .: .. I';  :U 1_11 ,' 1 J fJf, "r J
-.L ;  . .  r. ... . .1 I   -  ,,.. :...J
 fJ .i t1 . :'i 1 . . '\I" 
rr;N !f .f.. ;.,    .l:J'j t:.... 1  
 ..L i-.L ," ", 1;,.... , , 1 !
'. ...... '..11:::::::1. ....1-9 ""'I .' - - _ "
,/ y..-  11'.'" L
' A : .  I "':'"'!'  :  
'" ". " ..."- ],"-"':\'''' ,-",,,",',,
t I 
PHc.206

158
7.21. BbITSI)I(KA 06J1I1[(OBOllHhIX II nOl(OBHhIX l(ETAJIEM
7.21.1. OCHoBHble aICTopbl, BJ1UillOHe H8 34>cPeKTI1BHOCTh BhlTJl1KKH
7.21.1.01. cDopMoo6pa30BaHHe 06.nHllOBOQHHX eTa.neH B OCHOBHOM BlinOJIHileTC.5I sa O;:{HY BblT.H)KHYIO onepaHIO;
H3 nOCJIeIOw."X onepaltHRX npoH3BOTCSl nOCaJJ;Ka 3akpyrJICHHH H3 OTAeJJbHhlX Y'laCTKaX, pa360pToBKa H T.. A.; B03-
MOJKHOCTb WT3MOOBKH aau3HHOH 06J1HOBO'DIOh AeTaJlH onpe.QCJlJlCTC5I onepaHeii BHTSlJKKH.
YCJlOBHSl4>oPMoo6pa30B3HHjI 06JIHQ,oBOlfHhlX AeTaJIeii 3aBHCSlT OT psra I!>aICTOPOB: rJIy6HHY H 4>oPMhI BhI'nIJK.KH. no-
JlOJKeHHR ee B lliTaMne, 4K>PMIJI H nOJlOJICeHHH npHJlCHMHOH DOBepXHOCTH H crroc06a TOpMmKeHJUI «c2maaqa» 33roTOBKH.
7.21.1.02. cJ>opMoo6pa30B3HHe 06.nHOB01DllllX er3JIeii 06YCJIoBJlHBaerr He06xoRMOCTh AOnOJIHHTeJlhRHX TeXHOJIO-
m1JecKHx npHllyCJCOB, BhI3h1B31OX cyweCTBeRHOe YBeJ1HlleHHe pacxo MeTaJIJIa.
7.21.1.03. Ha a4xI>elCTHBHOCTb onepaHH BHTDCKH BJIHIlJOT:
8) 4>oPM8 eT8JlH H BIJITj(HOro nepexoa;
6) KOHCTPYKIUI5I lliT8MDa;
B) xapa1CTep npeccoBOCO o6opyAQB3HHR;
r) KaqecTBO JlHCTOBOI'O MaTepHaJla.
7.21.1.04. BWTJI_xa 06.nHOB()'1IIIhlX AeTaJIeH OJI)I;Ha npoH3BOHThCilt K8K npaBHJlO, Ha npeccax BoiiHOro H Tpoit:-
HOro AeiicrBlUI C YCHJlHeN aaporo nOJl3YH3 He NeHee nOJlOBHHIi ycHJJHiI BHYTpeHHero D0JI3YHa. npoH3BOHTh BhI-
TJIKY 06.nHIJ.OBO'lHUX eTaJleii Ha npetcax npoc:roro l{eHCTBHiI He peKoMeHJQ'eTCII.
7.21.1.05. IIIepoxoB3TOCTb pa60tlHX nosepxHOCTeii nyaRCOII8 H NaTpHIUJI 0,4. a R3 Y'laCTKax co 3R31DfTeJIhHhIM
CKOJlbJICeHHeM pMHpyeMoro NeTaJlJI3 Ot2 H 0,1, faCT 2789.
7.21.2. BwTilZHye nepexo.nw NUl 06J1HQoBO-lHhIX 11 11M nOJJ.06Hlix eTaJleH
7.21.2.01. npH pa3pa(XrrKe BHTHhlX nepeXOB WIg 06.nHOBO'lHIJlX H HM no06Hblx er3JIeH nOCJleOBaTeJlbHO
onpeeJIilerc5l:
a) nOJlo»:eHHe eT8JIII B IDTaMne;
6) 4>oPMa J:{eT3JIH B BHTgJKHOM nepexoJ];e;
B) Be..rtIf1lHH8 H pacnOJl(»KeHHe TeXHOJlOmlleCKHX npHnYCKOB;
r) 4>oPM3 H pacnOJlOeHHe TeXHOJ]om1JecKHx Bype30B - OKOH;
J]) DOJIOXeHHe H 4>oPM8 npllXHMHoH nOBepXHOCTH BHTSlJKHOro mTaMna;
e) 4>opMa, KQJIHlIettBO H pacOMOxeHHe nepeTilJKHYX pe6ep;
JIC) cnoc06 cl>HKcaltHH BHTilJlCHOro nepexoJ¥t B 06pe3RoM lliTaMne.
7.21.2.02. no.nO)KeHHe eT3JIII B mTaMne onpe.QeJIJleTCSI. CJleJOHMH YCJ10BH5IMH:
8) BOONOJKROC'ItiO BXQna nyaHcolI8 B M8TpHU;Y;
6) rny6HHoH BhlTK&:KH;
B) wroablO COnpHKOCHOBeHHSI nyaHcoHa C 3aroTOBKoR B aa'lane BHTilJlCKH;
r) YCJIOBHilMH BHTilmB3HHII 3aroroBKu H3-nOJ]; npH;lCHM3 H 06n.JKKH HN nyaHCOHa;
) paBHOMepllJiM AaBJleHUeM nJ)latHMHoro KOJIbQa mTaMna 118 MaTpHItY;
e) CneQHHqecKHMH oc06eHHOCT,g:MH 4>oPMhI wT3N11yeMOR eTaJlH.
7.21.2.03. B K31lecTBe npHMe Ha pac. 207 nOK3saHii cxeMii ABYX B3puaHTOB OCHOBHOro yqaCTKa mTaMoa WlR BhI-
TJlJKKH eT3JIII HaTopa aBTOMOOHJIJI.
7.21.2.04. nOJlOXeHHe eTanH B lliTaMne OnpeAeJIJleTC.5I HHOrna 4>oPMoH OTeJlbHhlX ee y'I3CTKOB.
HanpaBJleHHe BHTHJKKH aapYIHoH nepeHeii n3HCJlH 3BTOM06H.11S1 (pHC. 208> onpe.QeJIJleTCg 4>opMOH npoeMa OKRa.
7.21.3. BeJlH'lHH8 H patnOJlOZeHHe TeXHOJlOrHlIeCKHX npHnycxoB
7.21.3.01. BeJlH'IHHa H pacnOJlOXeHHe TeXROJIOrHqeclCHX npHnycKoB B BhlTH;KHOM rrepexoJ];e onpe.QeJJilIOTCJI:
a) cl>opMoH H paCOOJIOJKeHHeM npllJICHMHoH nOBepXHOCTH;
6) ycn.OBHilNH BlinOJlHeHHSI nocJJeylOw."x 06pe3Hblx onepalUlu;
B) }C1IOBHJlMH 06Tg;l(KH nY8HCOHa 3aroTOBKOH B npoecce BHTSlXKH.
7.21.3.02. IlIHpHHa TeXHOnorH1JeCKoro npHnycka B np B NN H311eJIHSI, nOKaSaHHOro Ha pHC. 209, a, paBH8:
n 3C 
Bnp=b+a l80" Rn+H+2RM+L B,
( 134)

159
s-
f
, 1/"
J
-
.IQ
 .
:r 
Q r · "
 . ,
c


a
PMC. 207
a - nonepeqHoe ceqeHHe urr&M-
na. OHHaKoBoe WJg OOOHX 8&-
pH8HTOB: 6 - npo.qonbHoe ce'le-
lIMe npH HeylUlliHOM B8pHaHTe
DOIIO>keHHJI  BI1R8MJ1e; tJ -
npo,qOJlhHOC ce'leHHe npH YJrY q-
OJeUHOM BBpHame DOJIOJKeHHR Re- YCIYlHOflOHIJIU pil3Mep
TanH 8 WT&Mne B.
KOl4ryp deTtZll"
ru pU30HTtZII'6H4Jl MOCKOCTh
PMC. 208
IIIHpHH3 nOJlca t JlBJIjllOrqeJUCjI npoAOJI:zeHHeM JlHqeBoii nOBepxHOCTH eT3JIHt MM;
yron COnpj(JlC.eHHII CTeHOK nyaBCOHa, rp;
P3.nHyC 3aKpyrneHHii nyaHcoHa, MM;
BHCOTa OOKOBOA CTeHKH nepeXOA8, MM;
HYC 3a"pyrJleHH MaTpHlUJlw MM;
CYMMapHaJi WHpHR3 «4maH1t8:. nepexoa.
8
R,.,
B
RUHl1l1
D 'Pe31<U
.
a
PIIC. 209

160
7.21.4. npHMeHeHHe TeXHOJlorHqecxHx BhIpe30B (0)[08)
7.21.4.01. B:hIpe3Ka OICOH npllMeHSleTCg Mg 06ecneqeHHSI B03MO;&HOCTH nepeTJlntBaHWI mTaMnyeMoro MeTaJIJI3 H3
lXHa B CTeHKY 3aroTOBKH B Tex CJI)"IaSlX, KOI2I8 Tpe6yeMYIO rny6HHY saroTOBKH He YABeTCJI nOJlY'IHTb S3 DieT Cj{Horo
JIHJIlb MecTHoro paCTSlJlteHHJI MeTaJIJIa.
7.21.4.02. 3aroroBK3 npH TaKOH DOCJIeOBaTCJIbHOCTH 4x>PMoo6pa3oBaHHS[ CH8qana BhlTllmBaeTCJI Ha HenonHYIO
rny6HBY, 33TeM npoH3BOTa BHpe31C3 Ol(OH H AaJlee BYTSI)KK3 npo,IXOJI:.:aeTCg o DOJIytleHHSI He06xOJUlMofr Fny6uHu.
C1>OPMoOOpa30B3HHe Ha DOCJIeaHeM Mane OCYIQecrBJIeTC.SI sa C1IeT nepeTSlrHBaHWI MeTaJlJIa H3 30HH Ha. 0IrraMu1LHai
4>oPMa H pacnon.O)Kemre Blipe30B (OICOH) SaBHCgT OT ICOHKpeTHoA cIJoPMY H3,QeJlHii.
7.22. PACIfET YOIJlH5I BbITJIXKH H YCHJIHSI nPHXHMA
.
7.22.1. PaC'leT YCHJlHJI BWTSlIIGI
7.22.1.01. BHTilJl:Ka nOJlhIX xpyrJlhlx .QeTa.11eii H3 It11OCKOH SaI'OTOBKH OTHOCHTC5I I( HecraIJ.HOHapHHM npou.eccaM .!Ie.
4>opMHPOBaHWI.. BBIQY SHa1lHTeJlbHOii CJlO'ICHOCTH 3H3J1HTRlIeCKHX 4>oPMYJl pacqera YC.H.1IIIJI BblTB.¥XH Ha pRC. 210 npH-
BCl{eH rpa<!1HllecKuA Mero pacqeTa YCHJIHII Wlil BHTJlJlCKH C npHHMOM H3 nnOCKOH 3aroTOBICH nH.1fHHl{pH'IecKHX DOJIIiX
AeTaJleii 6e3 yroHeHHii MaTepHaJIa.
BBePXY CIIpaB3 B KB3AP3Te I DOKa33HIi SH3QeHIUI cpHero COnpOTHBJIeHHH e4x>PMHPOB3HID1 Scp B Mna c..rc/MM 1 J
a l
pa3J1H1IHhlX M3repH3JlOB B SaBHCHMOCTH OT 3HaqeHHII Ko*I>HQHeHTa 8b1TjJKH m l = D . TaM JlCe nOX3S3H8 B3aHMOCBi3b
3
1 D3
BeJ1HQHHhI KOHHeHTa BHT.IIH ml C BeJlH'IHHOA RCTHHOii ".e4>OpN3I1RR'P = In  = In d l . a T3K:lKe C BeJ1H'IHIIOA
_1_ -
K - - - - d (YCJlOBHa e4x>PMaIUlSi E = 1 - = D ). KpHBlie cpeAHero COnpoTHBJIeHHJI e4x>PMHpoBaHHIO
n1 1 I 3
SCP 8J1IOMHHH5I, MeaR, n3TYHH H CTaJIH nOCTpoeHY no lI3HHhlM KpHBH ynpo'lHeHHSI
_  +OT
Scp - 2 '
l'J{e Stp conpoTHBJleHHe e4fPMHpoBaHHIO C yqeTOM ynpoqHeHH npl! COOTB eTC. B YIOm;eH BeJIH'IHHe A$pMa-
IUIH. Mna (Krc/MM ).
2
aT - npeeJJ TeKy'IeCTH Mna (Krc/MM ).
3HaQeHHSI Stp H aT B39Tli no onHTHIIIM ABHIIHM.
BBePXY CJlcsa B ICIIaJQ)aTe II HaHeceHbl H3KJ10HHhIe DPHMhle c YK33alDleM RcxQJUloA HHH NaTepHaJla S .. 0,2...8 MM;
BHH3Y CJJe B KBaJU)aTe III HaaeceHH HaKJIOHHHe npKMhle C YIC33aHHeM aMeTpa BlIITjlJlCKH d l .. 10.. .1000 MM;
BHH3Y cnpaaa B KBaJU)aTe IYHaHeceHIJI R8UOHIIHe npgM.&Ie C )'ICa3aHHeM yCHJlu BYTJaCKH P - Ot4.. .1600 KH (TC).
7.22.1.02. HHze aHY npHMepLi onpeAeJJeHH YCHJIHH I-H onepanHH 8HTSI:lCKH no rpa4JHKY (puc. 210).
npHMep I. ,naHo: D3 - 29 MM; d l - 16 MM; $ - I MM. MaTepUaJI: CT3JIbH3g JleHTa C CQAeJ)JKaRHeM 0.06 % C.
16
Ko34xl>HIJ.HeHT BHTSI:lCKH n11 = 29 = 0,55 (uCxQAHaK TO'IKa Ao> Ha pHC. 210.
P e m e H H e. npoBOAHM BePTHKaJILHYIO JlHHHIO nYHKTHpoM OT roqXH Ao AD nepecelleHH B TOqU Bo C KpHBoi yn.
poqHeHHSI Cl'3JIH 0,06 %. C. npoBOHM ropH30HTaJIhHYIO JlHHHJO AD nepeCe'leHHK C HaICJJOHHOif npJlMofr, COOTBeTCTBYM>-
Illeii TOJIHe I MM (ro1lX3 Co). npoBO.nHM Bep1'HK3JJLHYJO JIHHRIO  nepeCe'leHHK C HaKJIOHHOR npJlMofr, COOT.BeTCTBY.
IOlQeH .,.BaMeTpy BHTgKH d l - 16 MM (roqKa Eo). npoBO.nHM BnpaBo ropH30HTaJlbHYlO nHHHIO OT TOlIKH Eoo nepece-
'leHHII C BepTHK8JlLHOii nHHHeii. npoBeHHoii Qepe3 RCXOIO TO'IKy Ao.
nOJly1l3eM TO'IKY nepeceqeHHII F 0' COOTBeTCTBYIO1O YCHJlHIO BhlT9KH PI' = 15 I(H (tt).
npHMep 2. !{aHo: D3" 135 MM; d l "100 MM; $-2 MM. MaTepH3JI: MQJ).
100
Ko*"HQ.HeHT BliTH)K](H n11 = 135 =0.74 (HcxoHaii TOQK3 AI). OTMeqeHHWe H3 pHe. 210 OTpe3KB JIHW
AIB I C 1 EIFI onpeeJUIIOT XOA pemeHHjI. OrBeT PI" 40 xH (TC).

161
7.22.1.03. YCH.1IHe 2-H H nOCJleJOIItHX onepaHH BHTiI:KKH Pz B KH (TC) 6ea YTOHeHH KpyrJlblx AeTaJleii onpe.Qe-
JUlCTCSI no 4>opMYJle
1
P2 ='PnUfj(--I)KF;

( 135)
l'J{e 'Pn = (I ,OS.. .1,1) -
'Pn = (2 - m t m 2 ) -
U 6
m2
K
K-I,4...I,6
K-I,2.. .1,3
F
WIg BhlTiIKH nocne npeBapHTeJ1bHoro OTJlCHra;
JVliI B!iTg:JlCKH 6ea npeBaPHTe.nbHoro OT"'-Hra;
2
8peMeHHoe conpoTHBJIeHHe, Mna (Xrc/MM );
Ko34xl>HlUleHT BHTSIKH paccMaTpHBaeMoii onepaQHU;
xo34xPHeHT;
WIg BhlTSlJICKH C npHJlCHMON;
lVIiI BhI'I1IKH res npHXHMa;
2 u 2
lIJIOb nOnepeQHoro CeqeHHII -H BHTiI)KKH MM
}l,JISi 3-ii H nOCJ1enylOIQ.Hx onepau.HH BhlTlIICH 6ea OT&Hr3
'P=(2-n;m 2 m 3 ) HT..
7.22.1.04. HHJlCeaHIi npHMe onpeeJIeHH" ycHJ1Hi1. 2-H H 3-H onepaltHH BHTRJKKH no4>oJ'MYJle (135).
nptlMep 1. AaHo: dt-IOOMM; -65MM; $-2 MM. "{aTepH3.11: Ne.nbUa =200 Mna <20xrc/MM 2 ).
65
Ko3Cjxl>HqaeHT BYTJIKH m 2 = 100 = 0,65 ·
BHTJIKa npoH3BOHTCSI C npHNeHeHHeN nPHa.
1
pZ" = 1.05 · 200 · <0.65 --I) · 1.47r. 63 · 2 =63 KH
npHMep 2. J{aHo: d 3 -45 MM. Ocr3JJJ)HYe AaHHHe - CM. npliMep I n.7.22.1.4.
45
m 3 = 65 =0,69;
PemeHHe:
1
P 3 " = 1,1 · 200 · <0,69 - 1) .1,5.1r · 43 · 2 = 40.3 KH ·
7.22.1.05. YCHJlHe 2-ii H OOCJIeJ{ylOx onepanHH OOpaTHoM BhlTilJlCKH H3 15-20 % Bwme no cpaBHeHHJO c npgMoH
BhITJCOH npH npllMeHeHHH Ol1:HHaXOBHX K034xI>HHeHTOB BWTjlZKH.
7.22.1.06. YCHJlue BhlTSI:ltKH npSlMoyronbHIIIX nOJlblX eTaJIeii P B KH (TC) onpeeJI5IeTCg no 4>oPMyne
_ P lM6 
P - 1000 +P 6 . YlJl + 1000'
( 136)
rite P mfi
P B . yrn -
Q
yCHJlHe rn6XH npSlMhlX y1l3CTKOB AeTaJlH, onpe.QeJ1J1ekOe corJl3CHO II. 6.6;
YCWIHe BhlTilJKKH yrJlOBHX yqaCTKOB, onpe.QeJJileMOe no pHC. 210 R 4>oPMyne (1"35);
YCWIHe npHXHMa. onpeeJ1S1eMOe no 4>opMyne (138).
Y CHJIKe npH BHT5IIXe C YTOHeHHeM P B KH onpe.QCJlileTCJI no 4>oPMyne
P = 1,25.1t(d n + sn) sn(I-111n)u lI .A n ,
( 137>

162
!" liRa (KZ&/_'
" '- t' ft '} 11  -,600. I
I "  _ "1  t \)i1 /"  'DOO ____"".....-
 '" , {\(,.  Ji\.. "  
I " " #'Q.' ALI '\. ,_ __  -$3D ,,':"Mh"O
i'\ .. -I-61..:x'\.r\. '\  "'----t:: tl1y6D," _mfl/l1120
   \ c";- K. '\.. ,,- ,__  f crrr'rib,}I!"U · ,"\,.,\:",,- "'" .CmaRl,(J06C
\I'6>7-'\ -- --I.r'"""' \ K -  r  :"n:z""
I"I .'  I -
, 't   ? __::- B;;Bl i
, r\. 'IU , "\['\ ;- I  I I
'k. '\y, '\.-,r\:-- ,"'6.3 . . I r H
_ I ,'Ii  '\ '\ '\l  '" _ '''0 . .t. ..
- ]).1  i \   K 1'\ 1\  i . : I  'j' t -1wr:1 !!l CU::;UH"
>- v .r U ': If If  ttl" i\ '\.  .20IlfJ 42(J 421 A 0,3 o,. IJ)fJ 4 D,/ I Va "m, "II d, ::t:t. j
....-- 1 J-i Co') '- .'" ' 18 I · · '. . '1  . m,-KD:J'tpuqllHm
11, tL \\. ,I '\ \. _ · 0 0,5 0,,82 D,!/J.7J !- 0,60 3 4f" IbltrJlIJkKU
III 7 / V // I 'i7 1,22 '28;'371.+8 1,65 2,'22 K =, =t
r.(VV/V ---t 7 ). ;r J, /"
71l}(?/ 1 '::'-- \/j,1"' /'
V//VVd//Afu''
/VY[//ll7/>'V'
-; I \ / V / )f. /- T ..Ill" 7'..c : 2: '4 0 / /' V.......
/<>  //// // / '........ -:. @' V V
/V-1;..:\t;\,?7V /V /  /  \00 ,/' ........V
/VV"«,*- <i),,/V /V ........V .....\ \OV ........V
V//;<-  (>:#7 /V ........" .tfl.: //
VVVV; VVV/V D/V
V/V// _ /VVVV/VV
V/VV IVVVl
CmOR6
/X18H9
AnIOHUHUU
PHC. 210
rne n
d n
Sn
m n
ad
An
nopKOBliii HONep onepaQHH BHTIICH;
BIfYTPCHHHii lJ;HaNeTp, MM;
TOJI1QHHa creHKH t MM;
Ko*l>HIJ.HeHT BHTjlZICH;
2
BpeMeHHoe conp:YnlBJ1eHHe, MTIa (xrc/MM );
ICO*IJHHeHT, Y'lJlTliB8lOIllHH ynpollHeHHe NeTaJIJIa H nOTepH H8 TpeHHe, 3HaqeHHg KOTOporo DpHHH-
MalOT paBHIiMH: 5 - Wlil BIJITgXICH qepe3 OHY MaTPHUY, 6 t S - AJliI BYKpaTHOfr BWT5IjlCKH sa OHH pa-
60llHB XQl{ nOJl3YHa.
7.22.2. PaCqeT YCHJlU.K npHHMa
7.22.2.01. YCHJlHe npuHM3 Q B H (Krc) onpeeJlilercJl no cItoPMyne
Q" Fq,
( 13j
rne F
q
IIJIO 1l3CTH saroTOBKlI, HaxOsllQeHcSl nOA ,QeHCTBHeM aBJIeHml npUXHMa, onpeeJ1J1eMa.K no $oP--
MynaM (140) H (141), NM2;
2
YAeJJLHoena8J1eHHenpHJKHM3, ,,{na (Krc/NM ) (TaM. liS).

163
T a t5 JI H 1.\ aIlS
HaHMeH088HHe MaTepHaJIa
YAenLHoeBneHHe
IIpHJKHMB q, MI1a (KPCJMM 2 )
Crallb MJlrK8S:
s<0.5 MM
s>O,5 MM
CTanHBWCOKonerHpOBaHHweKOpp03HOHHO-
CTotrKHe
Me,u.
naT)'HL
MJOMIIHHR
.llJopaJlIOMHHH1t OToooceHHblIt
BpOH3i1
>KeCTh t5enu
2.5...3 (0,25...0.30)
2.0....2.5 (0,,20...0,25)
3.0..,,4.5 (0.30...0.45)
1.0...1.5 (0.10"..0.15)
I.S ...20 (0..15...0,20)
0,8...1.2(0,08...0,12)
1,,2...1.8 (0..12...0,18)
On.2.s (0,20...0,,25)
2,5...3.0 (0,25...0,30)
7.22.2.02. nm. THTaHOBHX ClIJJaBOB YCHJlHe npHJKHM3 onpeeJISleTCjf no cI>opNyne
Q - qFC,
(139)
e q
C
2
YIIeJlLHoe .u;aBJIeHHe npHZllM8, Mna (Krc/MM ) (Ta6n. 116);
ko34xl>HeHT, yqHTIDaJOlQIIii TOJlIIUIHY MaTepHaJIa (Taf)JI. 117).
Ta6nMI.\8 116
Ko9fJ>cpHItHeHT
BbflJI)KJ<H. m
YJJ.enLHoe A&BneHHe DpIDKHM8 q. Mna (J(rc/MM 2 ) B 38BHCHMOCTH
OT TeMor.paTYP))1 HarpeB3. °c
20 200 300 400 500
0.6...0.65 2.5 (0,25) 1 7 9 (0 7 19) 1.4 (0,14) 1,0(0,10) 0.7 (0.07)
0.5...0,6 3,0 (0.30) 2.3 (0.23) 1,6 (0,16) 1.2 (0.12) 0.8 (0.08)
0.45...0,5 3,2 (0.32) 2.4 (0.24) 1.8(0,18) 1.3 (0,13) 0.9(0.09)
0.4","0,,45 3.4 (0.34) 2 (0.25) 1,9 (0..19) 1.4 (0,14) 1.0 (Otl 0)
DpHMellaHHe. )tJI. (:1IJI8B8. BT5 SHaqeHMe Il cneJO'eT YBeJlM'IM88Tb HI 30-40 %
Tat5nH1.\8 117
TOJIU(HH8 0,5 1.0 1.S 2.0 3.0
Ma:ren..m 7ItI. NM
1('.iI ... . C 1,2 1.0 0,9 0.8 0.7
7.22.2.03. nJlO DV\A1I qacTH saroToBKH, Haxo.QJllQeAc5I no.Q eiiCTBHeM npHJE:HMa, F 1 B ....2, onpe.tleJlJleTCJI DO
cI>oPMY JIe:
WHI nepBoA BHT:5IJltKH:
FI =  [Dj- (d. +2R.JICf];
( 140)
AJII! nOCJleAYlOrqIIX BHTJI)J(eK AeTaJleH 6e3 4maHQ3:
Fn =  I-I-(dn +2RJIC)2];
(141)

WHI DOCJIeAYlOIqHX BhlTJljlKeK AeTaJleii c c1maHeM (pile. 211):
me D3
d.;d n _ 1 ;d n -
RN
D
_1C 2 ) 2
F n -'4(D -(d n + 2R M ],
u
wsaMeTp HCXOHOH saroroBKH, MM;
.. .. .. .,
aaaMeTpH DepBOH, npeInIOC1IeAHeH H DOCJIeAHeH onepalUlH BHTilZICH. MM;
J>Muyc 33ICpyrJIeHIUI MaTPHIUII, MM;
AHaMeTp cJmaHQa, MM.
Q
JJ
PHC. 211

165
8. mT AMDhl JIg PA3))OvrOBKH
8.1. PA360PTOBKA KPyrnbIX OTBEPCTHR
8.1.01. npou;ecc p3360PTOBKH S3KJlIOQaeTCJI B OOp330BaRHH 60pTa B J1]IOCICoA 1GICTH sararOBKH C npeBapHTeJlHO
nonyqeHHYM OTBepcTHeM (pHC. 212, a H f) HnH B YBeJlHqeRHH B))1COTIII npeBapHTeJlhHO BYTRHYTOro HJlHH.Apa
(pHC. 214)..
npoQecc conpoBOaercs 3H31JHTeJIhHHM pacTJlZeHHeM MaTep1l8Jl8. B pe3ynbTaTe qero KNeeT McerO YTOHeHHe B
SORe pasooproB3HROro KpaJl (pHC. 212).
HaHMeHbmaR TOJIIQHHa MaTepHaJIa sl B MM p336opTOBaHHoro 1Cp8J1 npa6.mlzeHBo onpeeJJJleTC.s no cI>oPMYJIe
s) = s j do
Dcp
( 142)
e S
do
Dcp
HCXQJUl3j1 TOJIUUlHa MaTepH3JI3, MM;
HaMeTp OTBepC"I'HjI no.Q p3300proBKY, MM;
cpeHii AH3MeTporOOpTOBaHHoro Kp3l1l1 MM (pHC. 212, B).
d,
'L')
 .......  -
eI, :.:
'-"J
 oS

Dc
Zl IJ,
t II
a 1J t5
PHC. 212
8.1.02. B 33BHCHMOCTH or H33H3qeHHiI pa3JIH'I3JOT WTaMny WHI pasooproBKH OTBepcrHH C npHMeHeHHeM MaTp:
a) c palJ;HyCOM 33KpyrJJeHHJI RM - (8...10) S HJlH C OOCTOpokHHM S330poM z. - (8...10) S AJUI nOBHweHHJI :zecrxo-
CTR H3aMHH H T. n. (pHC. 212, f) ;
f) C HYCOM 33KpyrJIeHHK RAe S 0.5 S H onHOCTOpoHHHM 33aopoM %2 S S WJJI nOJIY'IeHHJI H3JlMHH C BNCOKHM pa3-
6oproB3HHhlM KpaeM (PRe. 212, a).
8.1.03. Pas60pTOBlCa Kpyrnoro OTBepcraji B ITJIOCKOH 3aroTQBKe xap3ICTepH3yeTCJI Ko*lmIUleHTOM paSOOpTOBKH K,
T. e. QTHomeHHeM
d
--..£... = K
Dcp ·
(143)
8.1.04. B BJI. 118 npHBeHH AonycKaeMHe Ko*1>HeHThl p3300pTOBKH on' WJJI MaJloyrneponHCTOA xopomo
OTOJK;CeHHOA KaqeCTBeHHOH CTaJlH, 8JlIOMHHHJI H JIaTYHH.
8.1.05. B TaM. 119 npHBeJJ;eHH pelCoMeMhle HU;HeHTH p336opTOBKH KI H K 2 AeTaJleii H3 THT3HOBHX
CIIJI3BOB.
8.1.06. 3H3qeHHe Ko34xbHnHeRTa p3300pr0BKH WJJI oHoii H TOA Jl.e NapKH MaTepHaJl8 npH 3a30pe z - S 33BHCHT OT:
a) TOJIIIUfHY MaTepll8Jla s. C YBeJlHqeHHeM TOJIIQHHY (npH ocraJIbHHX HeH3MeHgHXC YCJIOBHiIX) 3H3qeHHe K
YMeHhmaercs;
6) CpeJ1.Hero AH3Merp3 Dcp. C YBeJIH1IeHHeM aH3Merp3 (npH OCT3JIbHblX HeH3MeHglOmHXC YCJlOBHjlX) 3H3qeHHe K
YBeJlH'lHB3ercj[;

Tat5J1MI.\8 118
GopM8 Cnocot5 nonY'IeHHJI 
nY8.HCOHa OTBepCTHJI s
100 50 3S 20 15 10 8 6.5 5 3 I
Knon
CBepneHHe C 3aQHCIKol: 0.70 0.60 0,52 0.45 0,40 0.36 0.33 0.31 0,30 0,25 0.20
Q)epH'fCCK8R 3ayceHQeB
np06HBKa B WTIMne 0.75 0.65 0.57 0,52 0,48 0.45 0.44 0,43 0.42 0.42
CsepneHHe C 3aIJHCTJ<.oA 0 7 80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.45 0 7 42 0,40 0.37 0.35 0.30 0.2S
UHnHHAPH'feCK8JI 3ayceHQeB
l1po6HBKa B WT3Mne 0.8.5 0.75 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.52 0.50 O.SO Ot 4 8 0,47
n p 11 Nelli B H M e. B TaMHl\e npHBeeHId Ko*l>Hu.HeHTW pS300pTOBKH. DpM KOTOpbIX Ha KpaKX OOpTa MOr)'T B03HHKaTb He3H8qHTeJlbHhIe TJ.e-
KTW (Tpel1J.HHbZ. H8Jq)hlBhl). Ecmt TaKHe .XTW . Ta6nHIIHwe 3H8'1eHHJI C1IeJt)'eT YBeJlHIIHTb Ha 10.. .20 %.
TafiJlHI.\8 119
MapKH
MBTepH3.1I8
Cnoco6
pa36opTOBJ<H
KI (npHs<1 MM)
K" (HaHMe1fhuudt npH
s> 1 MM H'iHCTOA
nOBepxHoCTH cpe3a)
Ee nOJ].orpesa
0.64...0.68
0,55
BTI
C nOAorpeBoM no
300400°C
0,60...0.50
0.45
Ee nOnOrpeB8
-85 ...0.90
0,70...0.6S
0.75
BT5
C no.o.orpesoM nO
300400°C
0 7 55
B) cI>oPMY nyaHCOHa. HaHMeHhmUH Ko3tjxpHQHeHT pa36oproBKH AOCTIII'aerC npH npHMeHeHHH nyaHCOHa C KpHBO-
JlHHeHHOH: cI>oPMOH (no TpaKTpHcce) pa601leii 118CTH (pllc. 217, a), HaH6oJIhlIlHl\ - npH npHMeHeHHH nycmcoHa C M3JIhIM
P'mHYCOM 33ICpyrneHHii (pac" 217 11 A);
r) COCTOIIHHII nOBepxHOCTH onepC'I'HjI no pasooprOBICY. HaHMeHJ.mHH Ko3tjxpHHeHT paSOOp1'OBKH .QOCTur3erC5I
npH liHCTOA nosep.xBOCTH Cpe33, Sa1lHCTKe np06HTOro OTBepcrHIl (CHsrmeM H3KJ1enaHHoro CJlOH) t OfJltHre nepeA p3300P"
TOBKOii, npHMeHCHHH CBep.nCHHiI OTBepcTHJI (HaJlH1fHe 3ayceHeB H DJloxag IIOBepxROCTb cpe3a BIII3liBaer HAA.PhIB npH
pa300pTOBKe) .
8.1.01. Bo H36e)KaHHe p33))HBa npH pa300prOBJCe He06xoHMO CHHMaTh sayceHItH B npo6HTliX OTBepcrH5Ix. lI;ISI
3TOH JlCe QeJIH peKoMeyercj[ npH KOHCTpyupoBaHHH WT3M1JOB uanp3BJ1eHHe p3300p'rOBJCH OCYllteCTBJU(Th npcrrHBono-
nOJICHO Hanp3B.:IeHHIO npd611BKH (Pile. 213).
Ilonp'06neHue
npol116Hll
JOHCl HClKAena npu
npot"l1lJKe omlepcmun

PHC.. 213
HonpoBneHl1C
pa30opmo6KU

161
8.2. AHAJ1UTHQECKHR METO.n PACqETA nAPAMETPOB PA3J50PTOBKH
8.2.01. TeopeTHWjeCKHe cI>oPMyny WIll olIpeeHHIl BLlCOThI H pa300pTOBICH B nnOCKHX saroroBK3x H D.HaMeTj)3 do
OTBepcTHll no p3360p'I'OBKY C Y'IeroM Bcex BJlHi[IOHX 4>alCTOpoB HMeJOT CJlo*HA xap3KTep H HMH TpyaHo nOJIh30BaTh-
CJI Dpa pacqeTax B npoH3BOACTBeHHYX yCJlOBHHX.
nOJlH851 BHCOTa pasooproBKH H B MM (PRe. 212) MOJKeT 6h1Tb onpeeHa npH6J1HxeHHo no ynpom;eHHoH cI>opMyne
_ D c;p -d o
H - 2 + 0, 43R M +O,72s J
( 144)
e RN - HYC 33KpyrneHHJI KpoMKH MaTpHhI.. MM;
S HCXOAH3J1 TOJIIIUIHa MaTepH3Jla, MM.
8.2.02. HHaMeTp OTBepcTHjI do B MM DO.Q p3300proBKY MOeT 66Th onpe):{eJIeH npHMHJlteHHO no ynpolI\eHHoA 4>op.
MYJJe
do =D 1 -n(R N +  )-2h.
(145)
e DI - p3CCTOJlHHe Me QeHTpaMH paDJfyca 33KpyrneHHlIlCpoMKH MaTpHuhI, MM (pac" 212 11 B);
h BHCOTa npJlMoii 1ICICTH p3300pTOBaHHoro KpaK 1I MM.
8.2.03. ECJIH p3300pTOBKa npHMeHKeTCSI C l(eJlhJO YBeJlH'IeHHJI BblCO'.fhl BIJITIlHyrhiX JUI.1IHHJWWiecKHX AeTa.neii (pHe.
214), TO HaH6anbma .QonycKaeMaR BHCOTa paaooproBKH h onpe;qeJJileTCIl no 4>oPMyne
_ I-K _ D c;p -d o
h -Dcp 2 +O,S7R ep 2 +O,S7R cp .
(146)
8.2.04. J!.H3MeTP onepcTHJI do' npOOHBaeMoro B D.He
BhlnlHyrOro HJlHH.npa no.Q p3300prOBKY, onpe51eTCSI
no cI>oPMyne
do=Dcp +1,14R cp -2h, (147)
8.2.05. ECJIH no qePTe;cy mTaMnyeMoA AeTa.1IH 38,Aa-
HhI p33Mephl DI' R M , S H h HJIH Dcp H H (PRe. 212), TO
TexHOJIOmqecKHe pacqeThl no p3300proBKe BhlnOJIHJl1OT-
CII B CJIlOlQeM nopKe:
a) onpe):{eJllIeTCj[ J{HaMeTp onepcTHIl do nOli; pa300p-
TOBKY DO cI>oPMYJIe (145);
10 6). onpe):{en5lerCJI J{onycKaeMhlH KOHUHeHT pa3-
6opToBKH on no Taf)JI. 118 H 119;
B) onpe):{eJIllerc 4>aKTHQeCKHH KOHeHT pa300pT0BKH KUCT' HCXOII H3 HabeHHOH BeJIH'IHH do H 33JU1HHOH
BeJ1H1ffiHhI Dcp:
do
Kt/Ja«:m = D ;
ep
r) n_ npoBepKa: KT .QOJI)UfO 6h111» He MeHee on. ECJIH K4>aKT < Kron' CJle.z:tYeT YMeHhmHTh BhlCOTY
pa360pTOBKH H HJlH npenYCMOTpeTb pyroH TeXHOJIOmqecKHH npoQecc H3roTOBJIeHHIl D.eTaJIH.
8.2.06. npH p3S00pr0BKe NeJlKHX OTBepcrHA 1IO.u; pe3WY CJJeJI:YeT ycrauaBJIHBaTh BeJlHIlHHY sasopa  =0.65 S lVDI
YBeJlHQeHHJI BliCOTIi p3300proBKH 33 C'IeT YTOHeHHIl M8TepHaJla (pac. 215).
.QHaMeTp MarrpHIW DN onpelteJIlieM no cI>oPMyne
D,M=d l +2 .0,65s,
(148)

e d 1 - AHaMeTp pa300pTOSaHHoro OTBepcrHIl no
Pe3wy.
8.2.07. .l1HaMeTp np06HBaeMoro OTBepcrHIl do AlIJi
pa300pr0BXH DO.Q pe3b6y AO M5 HJIH rJl3AKIIX OTBepcTIIH
aHaMeTpOM o 4 Mid OneJlileTC no 4>oPMyne
....  JazDmoBIfa
1\ " '\. " '\.' d, " " " " 

do =O,45d 1 -
(149)
8.2.08. BUCOTa pa360proBxH H WUI MCJIICHX OTBep-
emit (puc. 215) npHf)mmeHHO paBaa (2+2:.5) s.
JJ1f
PMC. 215
8.3. KOHCTPYKTHBHbIE 3J1EMEHTbl PAB01fHX AETAJIED
H CXEMbI mTAMnOB AnSI PA360PTOBKH
8.3.01. Pa.AHYCY 3a)(pyrneHH RM paoo1leii KpoMICH M3TpRIUI npH pas60proBKe peKOMeeTCSI npHHHMaTh pamHhl-
MH (0,2;{),3) S, HO He NeHee 0,2 MM.
8.3..02. 3a30p Me nyaHcoHoM H MaTpRQeii npH pasOOproBlCe pekOMeHJU'eTCj[ npHHHMaTh paBHhlMH:
a) WI BeTHHX MeTaJIJIOB - HaHMemeii TOJIIQHHe MaTepH3JIa (T.. e. C Y'IeTOM MHHYCOBOro olIyclCa no TOJIIWIHe);
6) WI qepHhlX MeTaJIJIOB - HOMHHaJlhHOH TOJIIQHHe.
npH pa360proBKe OTBepcTHii B ManYX AeTaJlSlX H3 naT)'RH H 8J1IOMHHHSll(onycKaeTCj[ YMeHhmeHHe BeJ1H'IHHbI sa so-
pa B l\C1UIX DOJIY'leHHK 6o.nbmoH BHCOTH 33 ClIeT yTOHeHHK MaTepBaJIa.
Ha qepT. 216, a DOKa3aH3 3aroTOSk8. a Ha pRC. 216, 6 - Aera.nh. H3roTOBJIeHHaIl pa300proBKOH C YTOHeHHeM. Pa3-
MepN .QaHIi B TOOn. 120.
d n
Tat5.nHl.\a 120

Manpw&n So &1 do d n D. H
JIaTYHh 2 0,80 12 26.5 33
15
AnIOMHHHH 1,7 0,35 4 13.7 21
 Sf
II
PMC. 216
6
8.3.03. Ha pHC. 211 H300paJKeH1i cI>oPMhI paOO1leA 1I3CTH nyaHcoHoB AJOI pa300J7l:OBKIL
nyaHcoHH, HMelOlI(He paOO1lYJO 'lacTb B cI>oPMe TpaKTPHCCH (pHC. 217 t a), 06qHBalOT NHHHMaJlhHOe YCHJIHe
pa36oproBKH. nyaHcoHhl t HMelOlI(He pa601lYJO'l.3CTh (pHC. 217, r, WI Tpe6YIOT HaHt5o.n&mero YCHJlH51 pa300pTOBKH.
. I
I I ,
d, d,. d, d,
a 5  l i
PHc.217
8.3.04. Ha pRC. 218, a, 6, B, r H300pazeHH cxeMhI mT3MDOB WIll pa300pr0BKH nHJIHH.A.PHlIeCKHX OTBepcTHii.
8.4. rPAQ)UQECKHD METOD: PACTA nAPAMETPOB PA3J50PTOBKH
8.4.01. Ha pHC. 219 npllBeeHa aHarpaMMa WIll onpe,neneHHSI BhlCOTLI pa300pTOBKH QHJlHIfJq)H'IecKHX OTBepcmH H B
KaqeCTBeHHoA MaJIoyrnepoHCTOA craJIH B S3BHCHMOCTH OT BeJlHqHH do -- AHaMeTpa npo6HBaeMoro OTBepcTHjI no;:t
pa36oproBKY.
D:HarpaMMhI nOCTpOeHbI no pe3YJlbT3TaM onYMHKOBaHHblx pa60T WI nSITH Hau60nee qaCTO npHMeHJleMblX rpynn
D.HaMeTpoB D 1 ; 50, 45 J 38, 32 H 25 MM. B J(aOH rpynne aHaMerpoB DI nocrpoeHO ceMeHCTBO H8KJ1OHHblX nHHHA, xa-
paK T epI13YIOlL(HX S3BHCHMOCTb BIJICOTLI H p3360pTOBKJf OT YKa3aHHYX Ha nHHHIIX TOJIII(HH MaTepHaJlOB s: 3; 2t5; 2; 1,5;
1,1 H 0,8 Mid (npH HeH3MelUleMOH BeJIH1DfHeaHaMeTpa D 1 ).

169
IRn miD
2S.

R t!,- 
r..  -
.  i'
d,
If
a
JI)J. _ np06HBXH H pa3lSoPTOBKH
OTBepcTHA no,A pe3hfiy o M: MJlH rJlHX OTBepcntA
AH8MeYpON dl1J.O 4 14M
t5
,QJUI pa3lSoPTOBKH 0'I'1ICJ)CTHA
I
.o.H8MCTpOB d 1 o 10 MM DpM
npMNeHeIDIM JlOBHTeJUI
------
SR. .;.
5/f n mill
/
,. -M,
-
w
B
r
JI)J. ))836oprOBKH OTBepcmA DpM d J > J 0 MM ,Q,ng pa360proBKH ornepcrHA nyaHcoHoM
H I1pItMeHeHHM nOBHTeJlA C JC:pIfBOJIIfHeHHoA paOOqeH IJOSCpXHOCTbJO
PHc.218
npHBeeHHail AHarpaMMa MOeT 61J1Tb TalC HClIOJlh30B3Ha WI onpeeJIeHH5I Be.TIHQHHH D.H3Merpa np06HToro OT-
BepcTHjI nOJJ; pa300pTOBKY do B S3BHCHMOCTH OT 3aA3HHblX napaMeTpoB: BhlC01ti pa360JYfOBKH H, l{HaMe1'p3 DI H TOJIJ:ItH-
Rbi MaTepHaJIa S.
npHMep 1.l1aHo: H -= 10,5 MM; DJ -= 45 MM H s=-= 2 MJwI.
-onpeenHTh do. no aHarpaMMe HaXOJJ;HM do -= 24 MM.
npHMep 2. .naRo: do -17,5 MM; DI - 38 MM H s-= 1,5 MM.
OnpeeJlHTh H. no lIHarpaMMe HaXO,AHM H -= 10 MM.
8.4.02. EcnH Tpe6YeTCJI onpeeJlHTb BIJICOTY pa360proBKH IIJIH AHaMeTp np06HBaeMoro OTBepcmil no,A pa300pTOBKY
do npH AHaMeTpax D 1t OTJIHlIalOJ:l\HXCiI OT npHBeL{eHHX H3 nH8rpaMNe, CJleyer nOJlb30BaTbCiI CJ1eYIOIl\HMH nOCTpoe-
HUMK, nOK33aHHhlMH B npHMepax.
.npHMep I. 11aHo: DJ - 28,5 MM; S - 1,5 MM. Tpe6YLCSl nOCTpoHTb rpa4>HK JIHHeHHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH BNCOT pa36op-
TODKH H OT AHaMeTpa OTBepcrHJI do.
Ha pHC. 219 HaHeceHY l(Ba OTpe3Ka npJlMHX, xapaKTepH3YIOJ:ItHe rpa4>H'IccKYIO S3BHCHMOCTb H OT do npH DI - 25 H
.. · 25+32
32 MM H s- 1.5 MM. YllHTliBaJl, '1TO 3aAiU1HliH AHaMeTp Dl paBeH DOJIYCYMMe 2 ' npoBOHM npJlMYIO Ha paBHOM
paCCTOilHHH OT npSlMliX, 0603HalICHHIIIX DJ - 25 MM H DI - 32 MM WI s - 1,5 MM.
no.nY'leHHai: H31CJ10HHaSi np.$lMaK JlBJIlleTC5I 4>YHKQHeH 1I xapaKTepH3YIOeit 33.BHCHMOCTh BeJIH'IHHhI H OT do npn
DI =28,5 MM H s..t,5 MM.
ECJlH Tpe6YeTCJI cnpeAeJlHTb napaMeTpbl pa300JYfOBKH H H do npH DI -= 26.75 MM H S =-= I t5 MMt no06HYM 06pa30M
npoBOJUIT cpe.znnoJO HaKJIOHHYIO np5lMYlO Mey JlHHiUlMH WJII DJ - 25 MM H DJ -= 28.5 MM npH S == 1 11 5 MM.
npHMep2.J:(aHO: DI-=285MM, H-6,5MM t s-I,5MM. OnpeeJIHTbdo.
npHD I -25MM, H-6,5MMHs-I,5MMd o -13.2MN.
npH DJ -32 MM, H-6,5 MM H s=-= 1,5 MM do -19,4 MM.
Y .:t. D 25+32 d 13,2+19,4 63
qHThlBall t '1TO 3aAaHHlin pa3Mep J paBeH nOJIYcyMMe 2 . HaXOAHM 0 = 2 = I 11 MM.

170
1
mmn"Ht

ac'
:t:
 ''I)


i 15

'<:)
Q 112
 ,


:c
tIO

f;5
.», -so
2fi
13 to
'2fJ
,
" '»,-38
tfJ t7,5 20 22,5 75 75 30 32,5 J5 J5 '10 92.5
AllUHi'mp npou6ueHD2D omBepCmlJR noq pa300fJmo do./-tH
Pi'll:. 219
8.S. PACIJET YCHJIHSI PA3J50PTOBKH
YCHJJHe pasooproBKH P B H (Krc) onpeSleTCSI no clx>PMYne:
P = 1,ln(DJ - do)!lJ e t
(ISO)
e De
DJ; do; s -
2
BpeMeHHoe CODpoTHBJIeHHe, Mna (K.rcl MM );
0603Ha1leHbI H3 pRC. 212.
8.6. PA300PTOBKA OTBEPCmR CO CJIO:>KHbIM KOHTYPOM
8.6.01. JI.njl onpea,eJIeHHIl pa3MepoB H clx>PMhI OTBepcTlljl nepe):t pa300proBKOA D.eTaJIh C1Ie.lO'eT pacwlJJeHHTh Ha 3J1e-
MCHTapHhlc yqacrKH H npoH3BeCTH paC'IeTW B COOTBeTCTBHH C xapaKTepoM D.$pMal\HH OT,QeJlbHHX YllacTlC.OB. TeopeTH-
ljeCKaJl cJ>oPMa KOHTYpa OTBepcTHJI D.OJlJICHa 6h1Tb CKOppeKTHpoBaH3 WlJI nO.1lY'IeHHIl 60nee DJIaBHOH clx>PMhI.
8.6.02. H306paeHHall WIll npHMepa Ha PRe. 220 lIeTaJIh pa3l(eJleHa H3 npJIMYe Y'laCTKH 1 H 5, BOI1lYe )"l3CTKH 2,
4t 6, 7 H 8 H BblnY]()Jii yaCTox 3.
XapaKTep n$pMaUHH MeTaJIJ13 HCI yq8CTKax 2, 4. 6, 7 H 8 T3KOii e, KaK npR pa300proBxe HJIHllJij)lNeCKHX aT-
BepcTHii; Ha yqacrKax I H 5 npoH3BOHTC.H 06h1't1HaB m6Ka, a H3 Y1l3CTKe 3 - BWTIIKa.
nOD.CqeT pa3MepoB H clx>PM OTBepcTHll nepe):t pa36opToBKOH yqaCTKoB 2, 4t 6, 7 H 8 CJle.lO'eT npoH3BeCTH TalC JlCe.
KaK npH pa300PTOBKe IJ)L1:HR;JPHQecKHX OTBepcTHH; yqaCTKoB I H S - xu npH m6xe, a Y1l8cnca 3 - Kax npR BHTjDCKe
liaCTH ltHJIHHlIpa C COOT BeTCTB YJOntH M paAHYCOM.
8..6.03. K034$HUHcHT pas6oproBKH OTBepcTHH co CJlOJKHhlM KOHT)'pOM YCTaHaBJlHB3eTC no BOrHYTOMY Y1l8tTKY C
HaHMeHblllHM palJ;HyCOM KpHBH3H1J1.
8.6.04. 3H3WieHHSI Ko34><t>HQHCHTa pa300p1'OBKH K' YCT8HOBJIeHli CJleIOIQHe:
npH COqeT3IfHH BHnY]()JIiX H BomYTliX YliacrXOB
K I = (0,85.. .0,90)K ;
(150, a?
PHC. 220
npH C01leTaHHH BOmYTHIx H npJlMOJIHHeHHhlx Y'laCTKOB
K' = (1...I,I)K ,
(ISO, 6)
re K - K03<!xPHInfCHT pa360proBKH no Ta6J1. 118 H 119.
--------

111
9. illTAMnhl JIg OJ))I(HMA H PA3HAW nOllbIX QHllHHJ(PHlIECKHX
AETAJIEH
9.1. OJ»)KHM II PA3D:AIJA
9.1.01. 06JKHM npHMeHReTCSI e ItMhlO cyJICeHHIl OTKpHTOA 1l8CTH nOJlOro H3JJ:enHB WHI nOJIY1IeHHil ropJlOBHHIi -
WeHleR (pllc. 221). OnepaltHjI conpoBoaercSl yronlQeHHeM 06J1C3Toro Y'l3CTKa.
HaH6onhma51 HHa oo;ICaroro Y'I8CTKa S B Mid onpe):teJI5lerc 110 cI>oPMyne
S=S JK (151) d -/; ? ;,
o 06)1(1
.,.e So
HHa CTeHKH HCXOJ{HoH nonoH 3aroTOBKH, MM;
PHc.221
'\.
d '.
ICOHIUleHT 06}11:HMa paDeH d ; : "
06)1{  '
//
AHaMeTp HCXOAHoA 33roTOBlCH. MM; r"  .,,, " '
 .. .  ' ""'" ''"
AHaMeTpOO;teaTOroY'l3CTK3. MM.  ... : '.:: ';:-':.'>'
"  ",.. .. ,,'.. ",". - "-
,
Pa3Mepbl d H dofjJl( onpejlfOTCjI no epeAHeMY HaMeTpy (pile. 222).
Koo.
d
d 06 _
9.1.02. n peHaJl ecIJoPMa1UI npH 06HMe orpaHHIlHBaeTCjI nOTepeii ycroA1IHBOCTH 33roTOBKH, qro npHBOJl.HT K
MeCTHOMy B. B Tex CJlY1l8J1X, lCoa 33l{aHHOe YMeHbmeHHe D.HaMeTpa nonoH 33roroBKH HeJIb311 BhlDOJIHHTb
S3 OJ,1HY onepaIUUO 06X:HMa B CBII3H e nOTf1)eA YCTOH1IHBOCTH t CJle.IO'eT npHMeH9Tb HeCKQJlhKO onepaHH c npoMe)KYTO'l-
HHM OTHrOM. JI.njl DOJIY'IeRHK BHCOKHX Ko*IJHHeHTOB ooX:HMa AeTaJleH H3 aJllOMHHHeBhlX H MarHHeBhlX CIL1IaBO:B
CJleuyeT npHMeHflb MecTHUA norpeB saroTOBKH.
9.1.03. Pa3,Aa1l3 npHMeHSleTCj[ e JJ:eJIltlO paCDIHpeHHJI OTKJHTOA llacTH nOJIoro H3l(eJIH.SI (PRC. 222). OnepaUHSI conpo-
moaeTCK YTOHeHHcM MaTepHaJ18 paCTJIHYTOro Y'lCICTKa. 3 $.
HaHMeHhmaK TOJIWHHa MaTepH3J13 aMN B MM onpe):teJI5leTCj[ no clx>PMyne Jll!J'I
SKaHM=SO J K 1 (152)
pa3A
e
d
lCo*pHeHT pa3a1JH paDeH  ;
dpUlJ. RaMeTp pacmHpeHHoro Y'IaCTKa.. MM.
Pa3Mep:&l d H dpa3lJ. oneJIJlIOTCSI no CptmHeMY D.H3MeTpy ())He. 222).
9.1.04. nptAeJThHYe 3HalleHH5I Ko3<l>4JHD.BeH'toB 06J1CHMa KofiJl( H pa3lla1lH  npHBe,neHhl Ha pRC. 223 B 3aBHCHMO-
So
CTH OT OTHOIneHIUI d ·
9.1.05. CxeMa mTaMll3 WHI OHOBpeMeHHoro OOJICHMa H pa3a'lH nOJloA AeTaJ1H nOKaS8Ha H3 pHC. 224.
d
1!'11


r.,.


b
-..
t5 f20 '25 CJO JS (to (j 50 t55 (tQ 1,65 1 7 0 (15 (Of)
I{DI'IK., J(p(Jli. PHC. 223
I - XpHB811 JUI.5iI ofiJI(MMa DpM a = 40-; Z - ICpHB8R
JJJUI. othKHMa npH a = 20.; 3 - kpHB8S1 WIll pa3Jt8.'1H
DpMa=40 a
PHc.224

112
10. lliTAMllbI JIg llHCTOBOR 1JEKAHKU
10.01. lIelC3HK8 npHMeHlleTCSI WHI06pa30BaHHIl BHnylCJloro IUIH BomyTOro pe.1Ibe4>a, a TaJ(e 1j3CfHliHOro H3MeHe-
HHII cI>opMhI AeT3JIH o6)IC3THeM HJIH WJII DonY'leHHJI TO'IHYX no TOJIJIUlHe AeTaneii. DpHMepH onepa:QRA nHCTOBoA qexaH-
KIf npHBeeHH BToon. 121.
T a t5 n M U B 121
lleuHK8 penbe4Ja " pa3JIHQHYX 3HUtOB H8 JIJIocKoff 38roroBKe
qeK8I1Ka cPcOK aa xpyrJIhUC: It npSIMOyro.nbHWX J1eT8JlSIX
1JeICaHIC8 cJmCOIC aa TOp 'I])y6KK
10.1.02. qex.awca npoH3BO.AHTC Ha qeKaHO'IIlYX npeccax, a TaKe H3 t!>PHKIUIOHH:bIX ABYXCTOe'lIlYX KpHBomHIIHIIIX
npeccax C 6oJIbwOH :zeCTKOCTblO.
10...1.03. 3aroroBKHt HMelOUUle Hauen, Ao.1IXHhI nepea, qeJCaRICOH OTHraThCjI.
10.1.04. IIIepoxoBaTOCTb pa(5oqHX J;lOBepXHOCTeA nyaHcoRoB H NaTPHD; '1eOHO'lKbIX lDTaMDOB A0JatH8 6HTb He 60-
neeO,I.
10.1.05. YCWlHe npH JlHCTOBOA qeKaHKe Pr B H (Ere) onIeTCl no 4x>PMyne
Pr=F. qrt
r,ue F
qr
2
rurOb nOBepXHOCTH qeJCaHKH, MM ;
YAeJIbHOe aBJIeHHe npH lIelCaHKe, Mna (Krc/ MM 2 ) (TOOJI. 122)-
11. PAC1JET ETAJIER lliTAMllOB HA TIP01JHOCTb
11.1. PACIJET ny AHCOHOB
11.1.01. PaC'IeT paooqeii nOBepxHOCTH nyaHcoHa (pHC. 225) Ha OC3THe npoH3BOTCJI nocl>oPMYJIe
p
= F '5:ciJ'

Ta6nHLt 122
,.
HaHMeHOBaHHe onepauHH HaHMeHoluiHHe MaTepHana H ern YJ1enhHOe AaBneHHe qr
Mna (KI'C/MM 2 )
eJ(8HKa W10CJ<KX etaJJeA (5e3 11aT}'HL 8>0.7 MM 200 ...500
rp8IUIeHHH HX KOHTypa opH (20 ... 50)
J1e«Jx>PM8IUIH MeH&We 2 %
'QeK8HJ(8 BllmYKJ10-Boliiymro J1aT)'HIII 5<;1.8 MM 800 ...900
plcyHKa (80 U. 90)
1leK8Hl<a 6YKB M pHcyHKa eran.20; 25; 50,,7 MM 2000 ... 2500
(200 ... 250)
!QeKBHK8 tJJJyxcropoHHern pH- eran. BllIOO1<OJ1erHpoBaHHaR 2000... 3000
CYHl<a KOppo3HOHHOCTORI<aJI 5  1.5 MM (200 .h 300)
'leKaHl<a o.[\HoCTopoHilero pH- J1aT)'HL 8=0,4 .n 3,0 MM 2500 .n 3000
CYHl<a (250.u 300) H Billwe
113
Pltc.. 225
2
re (Ij HanpJl)KeHHe C)KaTH5I, Mna (Krc/ MM );
2
P yCHJlHe, npHJIO)J(eHHOe K nyaHCOHY t H (Krc/MM );
2
F H3HMeHhlllee nOnepellHOe Ce1leHHe nyaHcoHa, MM ;
6 00 ,QonYCkaeMoe H3np1JeHHe Ha CIaTHe. MnA (KT'C/MM 2 ).
lJjul 3aKaJIeHHOii H ornyweHHoii CI'3JIH MapKH Y8 6 00 = 800. . .1000 Mna (80...100 Krc/ MM 2 ).
11.1.02. TOHKHe nyaHcolW He06xoHMo npoBepHTb Ha npoAOJIhHhlH H3m6 no .neACTBHeM npHJIO}KeHHOro YCR11H5I..
.lJ;nl 06.nerqeHIUl paC1leT3 .naHa HOMorpaMMa (pHC. 226) AJlSI rpaHqeCKoro onpeJ:(eJleHIUI Hau60JIbmeii AJ1HHhI nyaHcoHa
L B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BpeMeHHoro conpcrrHBJIeHHSI cpe3Y "cp II TOJIHHY IIIT3M1IyeMoro MaTepH3JI3 S.K HaHMeHhmero pa6o-
1Iero AHaMeTpa nyaHcoHa d.
Ha JIeBOi OmHHaTe HOMorpaMMli (pRC. 226) yKa3C1HI>1 3HaqeHH1J COIJpoTHB]IelDDl Cpe3y I'cP B Mna Ucrc/MM2) WTaMJ1ye-
MJiX MarepHaJIOS; Ha npaBOH OJmHHaTe yKa3aHH 3Ha1leHWI H3U60JlbUleH AJIHHhl nyaHCOHa l; Ha HaKJIOHHh(X n)'1leBIlX JDlHH-
KX yxa33HY 3H31JeHWI TOJII1UiHhI. MarepUaJIa S; Ha nyHKTHPHYX ICpuBLIX yi'338Hh1 3H311eHIUI AHaMeTpoB nyaHCoHoB dOl
MeroAIJI rpa<!>H'IeCKHX pacqeroB nOKa3aHH H C1IyIOIQHX npHMCpax..
npHMep 1. [{aHo: "CP = 2S Mna (2,5 Krc/ MM ); S - 0,9 MM H d - 3,5 MM. HaATH HaH6o.nblUYlO J1HY nyaHcoH3 ,.
PemeHHe.. HaXOHM Ha neBOH 0p.QHH3Te TOqKY AI COOTBeTCTB)'IODU'1O 3HaqeHHIO cP =250 Mha (25 Krc/MM 2 ),
npoBOAHM npslMYIO AIBI .no nepeceqeHHSI C HaKJIOHHOH JlHHHeH, cOOTBeTcrBYJOeH 3HaQeHHIO S -- 09 MM; npOBO,AHM
npilMYIO B1C1.no nepeCeqeHHJI C nYHKTHpHOH ICpHBOO, COOTBeTCTByK>H 3HaQeHHIO d -- 3,5 MM. npoBOAHM OT TO'lKH C)
ropH30HT3JlbHyK> JIHHHIO.nO nepeCeQeHHK C npaBO opI(HHaTOH. HaXO)J)lM HaH60nhwylO AJlHHY nyaHcoHa I a; 80 MM.
npHMep 2. AaHo: J: cp = 35 Mna (3,5 Kn:./MMJ ; S -- 1,2 MM H d -- 3,0 MM. npXMhle B2 H B 2 C 2 onpe):{eJlSlIOT XOJI pe-
meHHil. npoBOAJI ropH30HTaJIhHYIO npSlMYIO OT TOlIKH Cz.no nepece1.leHH5I C npaBOH oPAHHaToH, HaxOAHM HaA6oJIbmyJO
.lt1IHHY nyaHcoHa l-- 46 MM.
"'-
..,
i
I

'2/)
110
Plle.226

114
11.1 'l03. OnopHble nOBepXHOCTH roJIOBOIC. nyaHcOHoB (pRC. 225) npoBepSIIOTC1I Ha KOHT8KTJIh[e HaUpDteHHiI q B MIlA
(KTC/NM ) H8 D.1IOKaX, conpHlCacalOHXCJl c nKJlURIIIMH IIJIHTIC3MH no 4x>PMyne:
...
p
n=-< f1
¥ F - eM
.
( 155)
re P
FI
G CM
2
yCHJIHe, eACrBYlOlQee Ha nyaHcoH, H (KI'C/MN );
2;
DJlOIJ!Mh roJIOBIC.H nyaHcoHa, MN
AonyCKaeMoe HanpsteHHe H3 CMnHe. MIIa (KI'C/MN 2 ), Ha ICOHTaKTHoA: DOBepxHOCTH DOJOCJIaZ{HOH
IVIHTICH.
Au K3..1IeHOH CTaJIH 45 GM = 300.. .400 Mna (30.. .40 KI'CI NM 2 ).
11.2. PACqET BHHTOB H 60nTOB
11.2.01. BHHTHI H 6wrTY WT3MDOB npoBep5llOTCSI Ha paSpliB no 4JopMYJle
IT - P <IT
up - 2 -l.iiJ I
nd.
4 ·
( 15(»
r G p
P
d l
GiJ
HanpSIJKeHHe Dp' paspYBe, MIIa (Krc/MN 2 );
patTJlmB3IOJIUlSI HarpY3Ka, Ht KTC;
BB}'TpellHHA: aU3MeTp peaMiw, MM;
AonycK8eMOe H3npilJICeHHe Ha Pa3pYB B MIIa (KI'C/MM 2 ) lIJISi CTaJlH MapKH CT. 3 DpHHHMaercK paBHYM
110... .150 Mna (11.. .15 Krc/MM2).
11.2.02. B TaM. 123 npHBeHIll npeaeJIHlie AonyCKaeMWe oceSHe HarpY3KH AJUI HauooJlee '!aCTO DpllMeH.ileMHX
aHaMeTpoB BIDITOR H3 CTaJIH 35 c MCTpHQeCXOH j>e3A: DpH DpeB8pHTeJlltHOH HX 3aTJIKe YCH.1UIeM, BH3HJ1alOIqIIM Ha-
np5l.x<CHHe patTJlJlCeHHJI Ga = 190 Mna (19 KI'C/MM ).
TafSnHQa 123
lI.HaMeTp pe3L1I1 npeJ1eJlbHaJ1 ,D;()nYCK3eMaJ1 oceBU
MM HarpY3K8 npeJXBapHTenYioit 7JaTJ.()KKH"
H J<:Tc/npH 1 J]; = 190 Mna (19ICrc!MM 2 )

6 3000 (300)
- .....
8 5000 (500)
10 9700 (970)
12 13400 (1340)
-
14 18600 (18bO)
- - 
16 26000 (2600)
18 31500 (31 SO)
-
20 40500 (4050)

115
11.3. PACQET I{HJIUH.nPH1JECKIiX llPYXUH
11.3.01. Pa3Mepii H rpa4>HKH 3aBHCHMOCTH YCHJlHii OT BeJIHljHHhllte4JopM3QHH QH.nHJUJ;pHIJeCKHX npyJICHH Clt:3THIl Ii
pact'JlJlCeHIUI C ICpyrJIYM CeqeHHeM npoBOJIOICH, nPHMeHSleMhlX B WTaMnax. npHBeeJlL[ B rOCT 18793 H rOCT 18794..
11.3.02. B CJly-lae orpaHH'IeHHOCTH npocrpaHCT-
B8 AJI.i: YCT3HOBH He06xo1tHMoro 1C000H'IeCTBa npy-
JltHH TpeOyeMoe YCRJlHe Mozer 6h1Th nOJlyqeHO npH
nOMOH YCTaHOBICH BOeHHWX (CTpoeHHHX) npy-
X:HH (pRC. 227)..
11.3.03. KOJIHlIecnO BHTKOB n, .l{IIaMeTp npoBO-
JIOJCH d H CPe.QHHH HaMeTp DI npYJICHH onpe1IS1-
1()TCg, HCXOj( HS ycnOBHK paBeHCTB3 conpcrrHBJle-
HWI ICp)"leHHJQ ycr3HOBJleHHIiX QBoeHHIiX (crpo-
eHHhIX) npY"'HH.
npH npHMeHeHHH AJI.i: nPYX:HH OHOH H TOB x:e
MapKH CTaJIH H xapaKTepa TepMoo6pa6oTxH HaH60-
nee paItHOHaJlhHYM JIBJIjJerc. Co6JIlOeHHe cne;:tyIO-
IQHX COOTHomeHHH Me 3J1eMeHTaMH BoeHHYX
(CTpoeHHlix) nPYJlCHH:

PMC 227
nl d l = n2 d 2 = na d 3 '
DI _ D 2 _ Dg
ti; - d 2 - d 3 t
( IS7)
re ft); n2; n 3 - 1IHCJIO BHT.KOB.
OCTaJlLHlJle 0603HaeHH,g nOK33aHH Ha pHC. 227.
PaclIer npoH3BOs(Tt HCXOSI H3 napaMerpoB H3H6o.1ThmeA Hapyx.HoH npYXHHhI.
Kaaj( napa npY"'HH AOJIH3 HMeTb Y OJ];HOH npYx:HHH npaBYIO, a y J@yroA - neB)'IO H3BHBICH (pHC. 227).
11.3.04. 06ee YCHJIHe crpoeHHhlX npYJKHH onpeJXeJlSlerc. no 4>oPMyne
d 2 d 2
Poli =P 1 (I +  + ) .
d l d l
(158)
11.3.05. OltHOCTOpoHHHH S330p  Me pHycaMH nPYJlCHH .QO,JI:lteH 6Hn. paBeH O,21IH3MeTpa npoaOJIOKH.
11.3.06. QIIJIHHJ:\PHqecxHe nPY)KHHH C KBpaTHIiM H npSlMOYroJIbHHM Ce'leHHSlMH npoBOJIOKH paCC'IHThlB8Tb no
4q)MynaM, npHBeeHHhlM B TaM. 124.
TafSnHQ8 124
Ksa.npaTHoe CeqeHHe
npJlMOyronlaHoe ce--aeHHe

V)
KOHCTpYKTHBHLle 3JteMeHThI


]),
PacqeTHllle 4x>PMYnlll
HaHoonwwur OCeBU pa60qu HarpY31<a H (Krc)
P2 < (0.8+0.9) P 3
npeeJIYlU OCeBU HarpY31<a H (Krc)
$3 · "C
P 3 =0416 · IC
· D
b · $2 · r.
P 3 ==w · Ire
D
lIHHeR:HaR Ae4x>PM3UMR OJJ,Horo BHTK8 non
neAcmHCM npeJJ.enhHoA HarpY3KH.. MM
d .r
J =2 33 · ICP
3 · s · G
6. D2..,;
J -. IC/J
3 -E' s · G

176
npOOoJlJICeHUe
KOHcrpYK11IBHlde :meMCHTltI
Ksa.npaTHoe CeQeHHe
npJlMOyrOflldloc ce"CHHC
PaC1(CTHble 4k>PMynlal
1IHHdtHaR .n.etoPMalHJI BCdt npy>KKHhI non A-
C'I'BHeM npeJleJTldloA HarpY3KH, MM
F3 ='3 · npa6
1IHHeR:HaJI Ae4k>PM8QWI BceR npYXGIHlLl lion
lJ,cltC'I'BHeM H8H6oJJweA pa60l.lel HarpY3RH, MM
_ Pz · F3
F 2 -
Pg
OccaaJI HarpY3J<a npY]I(JIHW npH npe.u;BapHTen lr
HOM C)KamH, H (Krc)
PI - <0,4.....0,7) · Pz
npeJI.B apHTeJ1LHaJ1 nHHeAHU' ,nect>opM8QHJI npy-
>KHHId, MM
_ PI .. Fg _
FI - P - (0.4...0.7) F 2
3
Pa601JH1t xop, npY>KHHLI. MN
t-F 2 -F I
j, p.C
S = 0 416 ."t
· ICJJ
TonHa KB3Jq)3THolt npoBOJlOKH, MM
K03fI.tHeHT KPHBH3HhI MHTK8
C= D > 4
,
c=  4
.D.onYCK&eMoe HBnpJUKeHHe H8 ICJ)Yt.leHHe,
KrcjMM:J
"' ICJJ no TaWJ. 126
MonynL ynpyroC1H npH CJJ;BHre, Mna (Krc/MM 2 )
G- 8000
1..
lJIar npY>KH1Ud B CBOOOJJ.HOM COCTQJlflKH. MM
t-S+!3
I: = P, D
3 0,416 S 3
PaD
1'3 -- 'f/J
Y s3b 3
npe.J:teJ1Y10e HanpJt)l(eHHe MDa (Krc/M)
06ruee 'GICTTO BHTKOB
F3
n 6=-
pa 13
rIoolq -1lpa6 + (II'S. ...2)
tJH CJ10 pa6o'GIx BHTKOB
Ko4JHu.HeH11d IJ. Q. A
lIe Ta6J1. 125
Koctm1UleHT 1/1
no pHC. 228
DlalCOTa npY>KHHIaI B CBofioJiHoM cocroJlHHH" MM
HO =, · npa6 + (1.5......2)
Ta6J1111.t1L 125
OnIoWeHHC cropoH--IL..-
0603Ha-.aeHHJI 5
K034»clJw-H C H'lUB ItS It 75 2 2,5 3 4 6 10
I
IJ 0,208 0.231 0.239 0,246 0,,258 0.267 0.282 0.299 0.]12
--- ..
a 0,,141 0,196 0)14 0,,229 0,249 0)63 0.280 0.299 0,312
 5.567 2.670 2.086 1,713 1,,256 0.995 0.698 0,439 0,252
11..3.07. 3HaqeHHil AonYCKaeMHX H3DpslJlCeHHH H3 ICpyqeHHe "'reI' aHH B TaM. 126.

177
.])
2
H
If
.c ::
I
])
2
"

::,
t: 
<Sl
.DJb
3.SlJ
b
Ib
6b
8b
lOb
f21t
20b
}J=
..

cm

d
'id
6


"'N. t . I b 8
b .
.....
"'6 7 J 'f /
 t,t ' J 'fj
   , / '/
"'-. '"  """ 'IIio.. 2 ",. '/ /
2 / '/ '/'
 '" I'J X "' I 
 '- ""IIii....  , "l ""-  E II "./ IJ ./ '/. , /.J
" ,-,," ""....  """,- , .............   / -J / '/. '/
..... '- "" "" --.. "" " " 'OIL '" " 8  1 ..- 7 J 7' I ) /, 'h ./
'--
'-: ,    .......... f".-   :! .J'  J   '/./ ,/
'- --..
-
,    ,  ,  , ........ ....... :::s /'  7 I'   /
5 ,.'-. "   '- '" '-  ---  ",.., ,,-  /- ,   5
..  - .J
f "". '- .... ,-'" "- "" ',- .... "- ""","",- t;; ..?  .,  I.,   .
Q
6' ....  ,---!I '- '- "... """I --... """,; -' .- . 6
 ""  "- , r"- 
  -.... .... ..... -
Z ., " ,  " --!I, .... ....... ...... .II - . 2
, '--
, "  "-  ...... , ta.j 8
2 - '".. ...... .....
" "    - ::... -
Z9 "- , "- iii... '"--
-......      J,6-'" ........ Ilo..o..- :.......  2.9
ro-...
eMoe H8.I1psaeHHC 2 ., -.....-.  I"  "- , ".
I...-
eHHe. .,. KP' , "" , -2,6-: "'" ./  2
a (UC/NM 2 )  -.
 6 .....--. "'  )' I \
,
350 (35) 6 "- . 
"
2 1,2
KIQlpom
/
T afSJlHua 126
HaHMeHOI8HHe
H MapKa
NaTCpH8J18
CTam. 65r
CT&II.60C2
CT&II. 6OC2A
onyClt&
H8 kP)"l
MIl
550...650 (55.....65)
650 (65)
Patc. 221
11.4. PACtJET TAPEJIb'IATbIX DPYXHH
1 1.4.01 . Pa3MePH H YCHJlHSI TapeJIqaThlX npy*HH fiOBwmeHHOH T01IHOCTH MHOrolCpaTHoro AeiWI npHBCAeHbI. B
COOTB eK.I'. YIOHX CTal(Aaprax.
OcaoBRHe 4>oPMYJIH AJlJI pacqeroB npHBeeHH )I TaM. 127.
T a fS JI If 1.1 a 127
PaCnOJ1O]l[eHHe npYXCHH
nDRIlflHO
t I

/-_.,
nO«emoM
f(OHcrpYKlHBHwe 3JleMeHTW
J
+

1  '1
llonyCKaeMJadt npond50JUlQA np)"]l(HHW no faCT 3057 f2, = O,6Sf m
PaClfeTHWe 4k>PMynw
Ofill{HR AODYcKaeMwA npon! fS npy)fQ(H, MM
F o61I! = O.6Sf m n
F Ot5 II!:::;O" 65 1m. Ic. r,ne Ie - J<OJUl-.eC'I'BO
nakeroa
06U,\ee YalJIHe. H (Krc)
P o t5II!=P. me P  llaH60n.wce pa&.-..ee
yamHe npt npol'H6c, paalfoM O.6SJ m
P ot5w. == nP. me D - ICOflHt.aeCTBO npY)l(HH
B naKeTe
npelUS8ptTeJ1Y1Oe C)l(a1He BeeR npY)KHHW, MM
F np =(O.15. . .O.20)/m n
Fnp=(O.IS... .O.20)/m k
...
F pa6 :; F ot51I! - F np
PaoowR XOJ1 npY)l(HIUd. MM
'lRao npY)QIH (Jl8J<e'lUB) B KOMYmeKTe
F
n - pa6
O.Sf m
k F pa6 n
O.,Sf m
BWaJTa npY)l(HHId B ClIO &>lXHO M COCTOSHHH. MM
HO= nha
Ho=k( n3+)
 ----- -- -
n pH Me q aH H e. nonyq:eHHoe no pac'leTY -.lCJ10 npy)I(HH nOlepYI'nJ(eTCJI AO ftnH)I(aRwero -.e'11lO1'O 1MCJ18,

178
II.S. PAc-IET KOJIhl{EBbIX npy)KJlH
I 1.5.01. KOJlbeBlie npYJlCHHIi npHMeHJlIOTCH B WTaMnax B Tex CJlY1f8RJ ICOrJUl Heooxo;:tHMoe AaBJIeHHe He MOJICeT
6.b1Th OCYJUecr'BJleHO npy1lGfHHYM 6yc1)epHYM YCTpoACTBOM. KOJ1bueBlaie npyXHHY OTnHllalOTCJI BIiCOKOH cnoc06HOCTbIO
norJIOeHHSI 3HepmH OTq:H npH y.napHliX Harpy3xax.
I 1..5.02. KOJIbqeBHe npYJlCHHLI (pHC. 229) COCTOwr 83 Hapy;&HWX 1C000eq 1, HMelOIIUlx ICOHH1IecKHe nOBepXHOCTH C
BHyTpeHHeii croPOHY, B BHYTpeHHHX KMeQ 2t HMelOIIUlX ICOHH'IecKHe nOBepXHOCTH C BapyxHoit CTOpoHhI. C K8J1OJ;oro
TOp npyaHHM yaaB3BJIHBaIOTCJI onopHHe 1C0000a 3.
11.5.03. YCWlHJ[. eiiCTBYJOe B nonepellHOM CeqeHHH KOJIbeBOA npYXHHY t noxa3a1lbl Ha pRC. 230.
Y C 11 0 B H Ii e 06 03 H a q e H H sr:
Pr palIHaJIbHoe yCHJIHe, H (Jere);
P oceBoe YCHJ1He, H (Krc):
N paBHQAeiiCTBYJOlQee YCHJlHe t H (Krc).
11
a
c
p

....
..c::.
C Q It
PHC. 229
PHC. 230
11.5.04.. (])opMyny A1ISI paclleTa 1C000CTpylCTHBHhlX 3J1eMeBTOB KOJIheBHX np¥xHH npHBelIeHhI B TaM. 128.
Ta6.nHQa 128
KoHCIpYKTHBHWC 3J1eMeHTW
e'11lwe 4k>PMYDW
81dCOTa KOneu. oMM
1F(0.16 .... 0.2)D
13=12 ... l
(a+c)  (0.25 ... 0 7 35) b
8M1
Yron KOHYCHOCTH
H8M oonJ.waJI tunlQM.Ha J<onet1. MM
HaHMeHLUIIR a30p MCy KOnaMH (B C>KBTOM
COCToJlHHH) . MM
lIlaI' npyJICHHw (B CBOOOJUlOM ooCToJUUOI) . MoM
t=O.S (b+z)<O,s (b+W H8H 6)
HaHfion.wee OCeBoe CX<aTHe BCd' DpyilCHHW, MoM
'HaufS=n. WHIHfS
BI,loo1'3 oo6p8HHoR npy1lOlHW B CBOOOJ1HOoM 00-
crOJIHHH (c TOPQeBblMH nonYKOl1h1(aMH) , MM
.
H=n. t==\0.5 12T (b+z)
YClIOBHye 060SHaQeHHjI:
n - ICcUmqecTBO conpmcacalOIQRXCB ICOHJl'leacRX noaepxHOCTeA; _
W - HaH60Jrbmee OnYCTHMoe oceBoe nepeM.eeHRe oHoii napw ICOHHlIecKHX nOBepXHOCTeH.
HNe 0003H3WJeHH9 nOK83aHH e8 pHC. 230. - pli ICOHH'leClCRX nOBepXHOCTeA opHeHTHpoB01lHO onpen5leTCJI
11.5.05. Hau6oJu,mee oceBoe nepeMcmeHHe OHOH na
no 4>oPMyne
D+d
W HBH6 400 tg fJ ..
(159)

119
11.5.06. HaHOonbmee YCHJlHe CIaTH5IICOJJQeBoH npYJlCIiHhI P HaHfi B H (Krc) MOJICeT 6h1Tb onpeaeneHO no 4>oPMY.ne
P HI1H6 =nFaiJ · tg(/J +f'),
(160)
2
re F DJlOIQAAb CeqeHWI BH)'TpeHHero J(OJlha, MM (pRc. 230); 2
OiJ ,QOnyCTHMoe H3npJUCeHHe Ha CIaTHC, paBHoe 1000...1100 Mna (100. ..110 Krc/MM );
fJ YI'OJI KOHYCHOCTH. rpAA;
f' yroJl TpeHHJI (npH paooTe co CMa3Koii f' = 6.. .9°).
npHfJ = 12-14°; f' =6...8- Ii a = 1000 Mna (100 Krc/MM 2 ) H3H60Jlbmee ycHJIHe CJK3TWI PHaH6 - (100...125) F.
11.6. PAC'IET PE3HHOBhIX BytPEPOB II IIPOKJIAAOK
u 11.6.01. PC3HHoBlie npolUIa.QKH np&MelUllOTCJI B naKeT8x WT8MnOB C BepxHHM npHMOM, 3 TalOlCe COBMeeHHoro
eHCTBHj(, eCJIH HeB03MOZHO npHMeHHTb IUtJIHlf.APHlIecJCHe nPYJltHHW H DPH 6oJJbmOM yCHJIHH CheMa nOJIOCIi.
11.6.02. Y CHJlHe P (;)1( B H (KIt:), pa3BHB3eMoe pe3HHOBHMH npoKJJKaNH. yCT3H3BJD1BaeTCSI no 4>oPMY ne
P ex< = Fa t
ex<
(161)
r F
aac
2
DOJIeSHaJi paoollaJiIIJIO npoKJIat{KH t CM i
H3npeHHe CIaTHSI peSHHIII 9 MDA (KTCI CM ).
11.6.03. 3HalleRH BeJIJI1IRHH aex< B saBHCHMOCTH OT OTHOCHTe.;n.HOii A$pM3ItHH cJltaTWI E B npoIteHTax npHBee-
Hhi B TaM. 129.
-h
E = h 100 ,
re ho
h
HCXOl1HaJI TOJIJIVlHa npolCJl3AKH, MM;
TOJIIqHH3 CIaTOH npoKJI3.QKH, MM.
Ta6J1HQa 129
OntOalTeJ1Y1aJ1 Ae4k>PMatHJI
C)l(a']'HJI e I %
IlaupJDKeIIMe CJKa11UI 0 C)f(- Mlla (J<rc/cM 2 )
DpH DePAoCTH pe3HHilI no rOCT 263
50t4
60:t4
5
20 ..- 30
(2 ..._ 3)
40 ... 60
(4 ... 6)
65 ... 9S
(6.5 u. 9.5)
95.-.130
(9,5 13)
130 -.. 180
(13 ... 18)
160 ... 200
(16 ... 20)
30 ... 40
(3 u. 4)
60 ..- 85
(6 ..- 8,5)
100 ... 140
(10 .-. 14)
140 -.. 200
(14 20)
190 ... 260
(19 u. 26)
240 ..- 300
(24 ___ 30)
10
IS
20
25
30

npHMeqaHHII: D-d
H8.HMeHhWHe 3HaQeHHllllanp.iil)l(eHHil CJKaTHIl a C>J( cne;u'eT npHHMMBTh npH 0'I1f0I.1IeHHtt = 1 .
ho
r):1.e D - IlapY]KHblH JUt&MeTp  pe3 MH O BO A npoua,AKH II MM
d - HBMeTp O1'8epcntSi. MM.
D-d
2. HaH6o.nbwMe 3H8.WJeHH»llanpJUKCHHS CJKaTHii a cae eT npMHHM8'tL UpH OTHoweHHH h = 3 .
'(J
D-d
3. flpH npHMeHeHHH IIJHIMOYIUIILHWX CMOWHbIX pe3HH08WX npoOIt WHpHHOA B B paCqeTHhIX xapaKTepHCTMKax h 8M-ecru p&3Mepa D
o
cne;u'eT nOCTaBHTh pa3Nep npJlNOyronhHOA npoKJl8J(KH B. a d npHHK'TIt p&BHWM ayJlIO.
3THNH -e lIQJIO_eHImNH cneA}'eT pyK080,ACTBOaancti "PH npHMeHeHHH npoLD8JIOIC c npJIMoyroJlbHhIN OTBepCTHeM.
11.6.04. TOJIIIUlHa pe3HHOBOH npoU3A ICH ho B MM OneJdeTC. no 4>oPMY.ne
I · 100
hO= 1 l t
Ha - lip
(162)
lop
pa601lHH XO,A CbeMHHKa HJIH nPHHMa, MM;
HaHOO..rlhmee OKBTHe pe3HHbl B npoQeHTaX OT TOJ111UD:1W ho; peKOMeeTC5I He 60JIee 30 %, TaK KaK DpH
6o.nhwHX 3Ha'leHIUIX CJJC3THSI pe3HHa nOJlY1l8eT ocr3T01lHYIO n$pMaqHlO H 6b1CTPO H3HaWHBaeTC5I;
npe.@apHTeJlhHoe CJlt3THe pe3HHii B npoueHTax OT TOJ1IQHHIi hot peIeOMeeTC. He 6o.nee 10-IS %.
rJIe I
IIWIfj -
t t.7. PACqET HHXHUX "JIUT
11.7.0 I. CxeMa HarpyJlteHHSI HHHeH nJ1HT:&I MOxa WT3M03 C HanpaBJIJlIOHMH KOJIOHKaMH, ycraHOBJIeHHoro H3
nOmTaMDOBOA IIJIHTe npecca (nOK3S3H3 H3 pile. 231). .D;ul ynpoeHHSI npHHJlTO, 'ITO paoo'lee YCHJlHe P (pacqeTHoe
YCWlHe WTaMnoBKH) npHJImKeHO Ie qeHTpy IJJIHThI; 11JIHT3 W.OKa npHKpenneHa IC nO.AWT3MnoBoH I1JIHTC IlIBY 6o.nTaMH.
11.7.02. P3ClleT Heii WIDTH 2 npoH3BOHTCB KaK CT3TH'IeCICH HeonpelIeJlHMHH CJlyqaA H3m63. CMelQeHHe Bep.x-
Hea qaCTH Hanp8BJIKIOeH KOJJOHKH 3 (3anpeccoB3HHOii B HH:.HIOIO I1JIHTY) nQll BJlHSlHHeM HCKpHBJIeHHSI IIJIHThI npH H3-
z
m6e AOUYCTHMO He 6o.nee i t re Z - S330p Me Bhlpe3HblM nyaHcoHoM H M3Tpaueii (T86J1.. 13).
TOJlIqHH3 H B MM HHHeii DJIHTY npoBepKeTCiI_ npoH PMYJIe
H= Y 9Sh p ( L-A ) 21_ lL-d ) 21]
zEB3 22 \26'
(lb3)
r h
P 3 H (KZC)
L
A
d
E
B .
BIiCOTa n3Kera (B S3ICplJlTOM no.nOJICeHHH wTaMna), MM;
YCKJlHe S3TJUCKH ooJITa AJlSI npuKpellJleHH5I IJJIHThI mT8Mn3 Ie DOnmT8MnoBoH DJlHTe, mpelIeJIg-
ercJI no 4>oPMyne (164);
v
WIHH3 HHXHeH nJ1HT:&I, NM;
Me¥oceBoe paCCTOHe KOJIOHOK, NM;
mr3MeTp npoB3.1IbHoro OTBepcTHg B no;:tmT3MnoBoA IIJIHle. NM;
MO,AyJlb ynPYH M3TepH3Jl3 IIJIHTIi, Mna (Kf'C1 MM ) (JvuI2CT8JIbHblX I1JUtT - 200000 Mna
(20000 Krc/ MM ); Wlil '1yryHHHX - 80000 MIIa (8000 xrcl MM );
mHpHH3 HHIHeii IIJIHTH, MM.
YCH.1IHe S3TS1JICICIt: ooJITa P 3 B H (xrc) onpe.neJIRerC5I no cboPMyne:
3Pd 2
p=
3 Sa (3d + 2a) ,
(164 )
rAe P - paC1leTHOe YCHJlHe mT8MnOBKH B H (xrc).
L-d
a= 2 ·

181
,
It
A
",

PHC- 231
11.7.03. TOJInmH3 qyryHHoA I1JIHTIi Hqyr IS NM o DpeJteM eTa no 4>oPMYJle
3 . 20
H.,yz = V THem = 1. 36H em '
( 165)
re HCT - TOJIlltHHa CT8JlbHOH DJUITH, MM.
ECJIH paC'IeTHag TOJIIQHH8 OOJIhme TOJIJIUlHH IlJUlTH BhI6paHHOro HopMaJlH3OBaHHoro MOKa, ero CJle.QyeT 33MeHHTb
6JIOKOM c 6oJ1bmeii TOJIJIUUloA IIJIHTY.
11.7.04. AD 06ecneQeHlliI npoQHOCTH HHJKHHX IIJIIIT UlTaMDOB pa3Mepli npoBaJlbHHX OTBepCTHH B nOAmTaMfiOB
I1JIHT3X AOJI;lCIUi 6HTb He 6o.nee pa3MepoB, npBBeJteHHhIX B TaM. 3 roCT 9226. ECJIH npoBaJIbHOe OTBepC'I'He B HHJKHeH
IIJIHTe WTaMna BIiXO;nrr S3 npeJIIi. npoB3JIbHoro OTBepcrHB B no,nmT3MnoBoH IIJIHTe, CJle.QyeT HCnOJ1h30B3Tb peKOMeH-
A3.lUIHt npBBeeHH.bIe B pa3. 5.17.
-.

12. XBOCTOBHKH
12.01. OCHoBHble KOHCTPYKltHH XBOCTOBHKOB H HX npHMeHeHBe A1UI1DT3MI10B npHBeeHY B TaM. 130.
Ta6nHQa 130
HaHMeaoB8.HHSI
XBOCTOBUo.
3CKH3W
DpHMeHeHHe
JJIf 11
c fiyp1'HXOM
rocr 16715
I
Ami IICeX HopM8J1H3OB8HHWX pa3AeJlHTeJlbHbIX
mTaMnOB
611 "
6e3 fiypnnca c pesa.6o'A
rocr 16716
+
Ami Bwn:acHWX H I'IIfioqHbIX UITaMnOB
" II
C pesa.6oA H ()YpTHON
mer ]6717
r1Jt1W1'1
P71:
I
C ctanaHQ.eN
rotT 16718
Ami IICeX _ paa.neJIHTeJlIIHWX
IDT&MflOB

Rill'
lbaulO1QHe
roCT 16719
If
C OTBepcrHtM nOJJ; nyaHcoH
roer 16720
I I I
I r
. r
I I
.
npolJo.n.xeuue
183
II
I
)].JUI Bhlpy6KM TOHKOOWCT08b1X N8TepH3JlOB (TOJI-
IHOH 0.5 MM) AIUI lDTaMIlOB. apMMpooaHllblX
TsepJJ.bIN CM8.BOM. B 6nOkax c mapHKoBblMH 118.-
np8BJUUOID.MMM
.u.n- BblT5IJKHbIX UlT8MnOB
.Dh '1
BK1Ib'l8ThlC
roer ] 6'721
.u.n- nt60IJHbIX WT8MnOB
13. nPECChI AJISJ XOJIOAHOR IDTAMnOBKH
13.1. BhIBOP nPECCA
13.1.01. IIlTaMnLl.n:OJ1J1CHbi 61:11TII 3anpoeKTHpomaHhI Ha KOHKperHhLe npecchl C YlleTON TeXHH1IeCICOH xapaKTepHCTHIQi
H pa3MepoB Kpene.*:HIiX MeCT. K TeXHHllecKOH xapalCTepHCTHKe OTHOCSITCiI OCHOBHhle aHHhle (pllc. 232).
PHC.232
1 - CTaHHHa; Z - CTOJI: J - DllHTa; " - DOJI3YH
mm
l:£ t:S
P
h
f
II
M
H
HI -H-M
Hp
C
BJCL
D

B I )( LI
d J( hI IfJIH
'I JC hi
b
b l
HOMHII8.1rJ.Hoe YCHJIMe , ItH (TC);
XO nW13YHa: AIUI npeccoB c perynMpyeMwM XOAOM - HAH6o.nb-
mHA h H8 Hfi It H8ItMeIfbI1JHii H';' NM; AIUI npeccoB MHoro
_ACTa". xo BtiyT'peHHero non3yHa - h II xoJt H8.PY*HOro DOn-
3Y H & -hI;
1IMCJ10 XOJJ,OB DOJI3YHa B MHHYTY;
p8f:CTOKHHe Ne CTOJIOM M DOJI3YHOM (perynHpOBlCa AJIHHhI
WIl'lyHa). MM;
HsM60Jlbwee paCCTOKHHC NeJKJU' cronON H DOJI3yiiOM B ero HH)K-
HeM nono*eHHH;
HaHMeH.wee paCCTOKHHC Ne]lQO' CI'OJIOM H nOJl3YHOM B HHJKHeM
ero nano*eHHH. MM;
p8CCTOiIHMe Me CI'OJIOM H O0JI3yHON B ero IIM*HeN nono.c-
HMM npK mperyllHpoUHHOM xQQe non3yHa. NM;
paCCTOKHHC or OCM DOJI3YHa o CTaHHHW <Bw.neT) t MM;
pa3Mep crOJJa. MM;
AHJIMCTp OI1IepCTMII B I1()JUlI1'8NI1O IIJIHTe. MM;
TOJU1\HHa _ I1JtHTbl I NM
pa3Mep" OT&epC'TH51 B CYOJIe, MM;
p83Mepbl OT&epC'TH51 B n0Jl3YHe AIUI kpellJ1eHMSI XBOCTOBHK.a. MM;
paCCT05lHHe OT BYT8..1IKHBaIOlqeH DJ18HKH o HlnlCHeA nosepXHQ-
CTM nW13YHa , MM:
XO,A RWT&nICHB&TeJlSI. MM..

13.1.02. CnpoeKTHpoB3HHYe WTaMDhI OJIHW COOTBeTCTBOBaTb napaMeTpaM Bbl6paHHoro npecca:
a) TpooyeMoe YCHJtHe lDTaMnOBKH OJIJKHO 61:11Th paBHO HJ1H MeBhme HOMHHaJlhHOro YCHJlHII npecca;
6) BeJlH'IHHa XQAa nOJJ3Yua OJI}KHa 6HTb AOCTaT01ffiO.ii MJI YCTaHOBKH 33roTOBKH, ya.neHH.sI rorOBOro Haz.eJlHII H
BIJIIIOJIHeHHII mT3MDOBO'lHOA onepaHH;
B) 3aKpliT3S1 BHCOTa WTaMna H OJIJKua 6YTh MeHLme HaH60JIbmeii saKpHTOD BIJlCOThI npecca H H3 BeJJH'lHay ra-
paHTHHHOro 3a30pa. paBHOro S MM, hme HaHMeHhmeit saKpHTOD BLlCOThi npecca HI Ha BeJIHHHy He MeHee 10 MM:
H-S > HUlmHI +10;
r) ra()apHTH wT3Mua on)KH1i COOTBeTCTBOBaTb J'a6apllT3M nQAWTaMnOBoH IIJIHThI; pa3Mephi OTBepcTHR B CTOJIe
npecca .nOJ1JKHIi 06ecne1ffiBaTb B03MOJKHOCTb BblIIaaHHII AeT3JIeA HJJH OTXOAOB npH pa60Te Ha npoBan;
A> pa3Mephi XBOCTOBHKa WTaMna OJIJKHY CTporo COOTBettTBOBaTb pa3MepaM OTBepcTHSI B nOJl3YHe npecca (d HJlH
II)' a BhlCOTa XBOCTOBHKa JKua 6HTb H3 3-6 MM MeHhme pa3Mepa hi ;
e) BhlC0T3 BhlTaJIKHB31OlItero mTOlCa O}lXH3 6liTb 6o.nhme pa3Mepa h Ha 3 MM.
13..1.03. He06xo):\HMoe YCHJlue npecca paC'IHThlB31OT no pMynaM, npHBeHHhlM B COOTBerCTBylOID;Hx paaz.e.nax.
13.1.04. J(JHI onepaUHH BhlT5IJKKH, nOMHMO BhlOOpa npecca no Tpe6yeMoMY YCltJlHIO, npoH3BolUIT npoBepKY no Mom-
v
HOCTH B CJ1e;:tYIOeH nOCJ1eAOB3TeJlbHOCTH:
a) onpeAeJ1i1JOT cpeHee YCHnHe t Heo6xoHMoe AJIiI BynOJlReHHII oneHU BhlTS*KH:
I'.n;e P - YCHJlue BhlTSlJKKH t H (Krc);
6) onpel1eJ1nOT pa6c:rry BblTiI)KKU:
Pcp - (0,6-0,8) P,
_ Pt/J · h
A - 1000 '
l"jJ;e h - rny6HHa BhlTH;lCKH, MM.
.nuarpaMMa paooThi BhlTJlJKKH OJI)Kua BnuChiBaTbCjI B .QHarpaMMY "CHJIa-XQAII.' npecca.
13.2. OCHOBHbIE nAPAMETPbI nPECCOB
13.2.01. B Ta6n-. 131-132 npe.n;CTaBJleHa KpaTKaJl TeXHHllecKail xapaKTepHCTHxa OCHOBHhlX THnOB MexaHHecKHX
npeccoB t BhlnYCKaeMhlX OTeecrBeHHoH npoMIiDIJleHHOCTIaIO:
a) npecchl KpH80mHDHye npocroro eiicTBHiI C IIOMMHaJIbHIJIN YCHJlHeM OT OtS o 80 TC (Ta6J1.. 131);
6) npecchl KpHBOmHDHye ABOHHOro AeHCTBHiI C HOMHHaJlbHNM YCHJ1HeM OT 32/40 .no 65/90 TC (TaM. 132).
B) npecchl KpaBODlHDHhle ABOHHDro AeiiCTBRJI C HOMHHaJlhHNM YCHJIHeM OT 6311$J 400 TC (TaM. 133). ·
13.2.02.. AJIiI npeccoB KPHBOWHUHhlX ABOHHOro eiiCTBH npHBOHTCII paC1leT OCHOBHhlX BhlCOTHHIX pa3MepoB lDTaM-
Da, cornacHO CXMbI ycmHOBKH mf3Mna (pac. 233).

 ..
.tt
- .I
'"'--
I
&

..+ -b
PHC. 233
. - HIDI(Hee nonO)KeHHe IIOJI:JyROB npecca; 6 - sepxHee nono*elDfc nOJ13YHOB npec-
ca
PHC. 234

185
Ta6nHQ8 131
.
HIRMeHo.aHHe npecca MOl1em. OCHOBHle n.ap&.Merp..
npecc OAHOKpHBOUDDIHwI HOMHHan.lIOe YCIIJIHe, orc 1
OTlCpWT..di ,..yxC'roC'lH.. K 2110A
npocroro lIelC11lRR HeHIKJIo- Xon n0J13yHa h (perynHpyeMblli). MM 4-20
aReM.dl
PeI'YJlllpoBXI AnKH.IIDBTYHI, MM
3alCp.ITaJi B.IOO1'8 H (paceroBHJle OT CTOnl O nOll3YU np"'1We non:JyHa
. ero HH*HeM nOnO.fHHH np... H3HMeH.mel AnKHe W8- h ==4 -113
1)'118) , MM h=20-10.5
'IRCJ10 XO):10B non3YU . MHHYTY 500
Xo.n .epxHero BMTanK"'aTeJlR MM
nlMeTp oT8epcTIUI no ..IT8JllClIBnen.., MM
llHlMerp 01'BepcTIUI nOA XBOCTOBIIX, MM 20
npat<: o.QnoKpHBoUDDIH.... HoMKHan"Hoe YCH.J1He t orc 2,5
ol'Kp.JThil O.QHOCTOe-m.. K I00A
Xon nom)'H8 h (per)'llllpyeM..). MM lIaRM. 4
HUt5. 40
PerynHpoBx8 nHH.1 WBTYU, MM 2S
3aKp.ITJR B.IWTI H (paceroRHHe OT crona O non3Yu h H
. em HII1KHeM nono*eaHH npH H3HMeH.mel AJ1RMe
W81')'Ha), MM 4 143
40 12S
IfHCJlO XOl'OB non3)'nl B MHH)'Ty 220
Xon BepxHero BhrranKHBa1'enll. MM S
llHlMerp OT8epeTHR nOA B.mnxHB8Te.Db. MM 9
llHlMerp OTBepc1'HR no,. XBOCTOBHK. MM 20
l1pecc OAHoKpllBoUDInH.. HOMHHanltKOe YCIIJIHe. 'I'C 2,5
AByxcroe'lH.li oncp.R.di J( 2114
npQCI'oro aelCTBHR HeHakJlOIIR" Xo.n non3JR8 h (perynHpyeMhJi). MM nIHM. 4
.
eM..
1181..5. 30
PerynHpJBIC8 WlRS.1 lU81)'Ha, MM 2S
3alCplJlTaJl ...00'1'1 H (pacCTORHHe OT nounaMIIOBoA np.. xoe nOll3yu
MHT.'  n0J13yHa . em IIHm.eM nOnOJK&lHH np1l HaHMeH- h ==4 -138
weA AJlHHe mITYHa) , MM h=30-12S
"KCJlO XOl'OB nOll3yHa B MIIHYry 200, 100
Yron HBKJlOHa CTIHHH.I, ..pa".
Xo.n BepXHero ..rranKHBaTeJlII, MM
llHlMeTp OTaepCTHR no.q ..llBnKHBaTeJl., MM
-
llHlMeTp onepcTHII noJl. XBOC'I'OBHK. MM 20
npeccO.HoKpHBOumna.. HoMJOl81u.lIOe YCHJ1He, 'I'C 4
AByxCTOe.... Oncp.R.. K 2116
npocroro AeHCYBHR HeHaxnOHB- Xo noJr.JyH8 h (perynHpyeM.di). MM HaHM.
eM..
Hlllti. 4S
Pel'ynHpJBka AnKH" W8TYU, MM 32
3aXpltITaJI .blooTl H (pacCToRHlle 01' nOAIUTBMIIOBOA h H
DBHI'III AD nomYHB B ero HlI]lClleM nOnO)keHHH np... alH-
MeH..weA A11HHe W8TYU) , MM
4S 12S
IfHCJ10 XO.QOB non3ynl B MIOIYTY 320
l]aaMerp omepcTHR no,A X80CTOBHK, MM 2S

186
0po(}ollxeHue
..
HaliMetlOB8HHe npecca Moen. OcHOBH.e nBplMeTp.1
l1pecc O,AHOKpHBOWlllUlhrii HOMIIII8JD.HOe YCHJlHe f TC 6,3
OT1CpJ.ITItIi ,..YXCTOe..... K 23186
npocl'Oro elcn.JI HaICJlOHB" XoA non3yaa h (perynHpyeM.rI)  MM HaHM. 5
eM..
HB.ft_ 4S
PerynHpoBlCa AJlHH.1 waTyH8, MM 32
3axp.ITaR ..IWTI H (paccro8HHe 01' no,.IUTIMBOBOI h H
nnHT..1f:) nonYUB 8 em HHJIOIeM nonO.&lHH npH
HaHMetlbUl l1J1HHe W81'ysa) , MM 5 158
45 138
IfIlCJIo XOJ1OB nomYHI 8 MHHYTY 150; 200; 250
Yron H3ICnOH8 CTIHHH.I. rpaa- 45
Xo,. &epxHero B.ITaRKHB3TeJlR, MM
.lIH1MeTp OT8epcTIIJl nOA .blTaJlKHB8TeJlH, MM
j:tnlMerp omepcTHR no,. XBOcro8HK, MM 32
npecc O,AHOl<pHBOIWll1H:II. HoMHHBJlltaoe YCRJllle. TC 6,3
Byxc1'Onll.1I npocroro K 2318
aelerBltft H.noHReM.dI Xo,. nomyaa h (perfllllpyeM.II), MM HIIIM. 5
OTKpwTWI
HB.ft- 45
PerynHpOBIC8 ABHH.bJ WaTyHI, MM 32
3BICpltlT8ft 8.lmTa H (pll:cro8HHe OT noWTaMnoBoi h H
HHllTbl AD n0J1)'H8 B ero HH1IdIeM BonO__RH npH
H8IIMeHJ.mel AJUlHe WITYH8) , MM 5 158
45 138
IfHCJ10 .xo,q08 n0J13YU . MHHyry 170
Yron H.KJlOB. C18I1H11.I, rp_ 45
Xo,n BepXHero S..ITaJIJ<IIBBTeJlR, MM 14
Merp onepcTKJI no ..lTaJ1KHB3TeJII., MM 12
.lIH1Merp oTBepc1'Hft nOA XBOCTOB MM 32
l1pecCOAHOKpHBOUDmH.. HoMHHuJ.Hoe YCRJlHe f TC 6.3
OTK.-.ITIa,1i oAHocroe.....rii K230K
H3ICJIOHReM.rI npocTOl"o eI.. Xo,n nOll3YHI h (perynHpyeMhdl), MM HaIlM. 5
Cl'BHR
HB.ft. 45
npoMe*yI'O'lHwe xoa.1 nom)'HB. MM 14- 22- 29
, ,
36- 41- 44
, ,
PerynapoBICB MHH.. UllTyaa. MM 32
--
3a1<p.IT8J1 B.IWTB H (paccrORHHe OT noaurraMHOBdi h H
DnHT.. J¥) n0J13YHa B ero BH]lClleM nono*eHHH npll H8H-
Mea.weii "JlHHe WlTYHI) , MM 5 15 8
46 138
"KCJlO XOJ¥}B nOIl:Jyu . MHHyTY Or 115-170
)Ton Ila7IOH8. CTaHHH." I'pa 4S
Xo BepXHero B.ITaRKHB8Te1IR. MM 10
.lIH1MeTp onepcTHR noJl. B.I1aJ1KHB3Tenh, MM
.lIH1Me'Ip oT8epcTHR nOA XBOCTOBHK. MM 32

187
npOOoJtHu.e
HaJiMeHOBaHHe npecca MoJ1enh OCHOBHt.le napaMerp..
OlK'cc OAHOKpIlBOIIIIIIIH.ra HoMHHanJ.Hoe YCIIJIHe, IE 16
OTxp.rn.IA "Byxcroe"lI. K2322
npocroro elcnHJI, H8JCJIOHJI- Xo,. nOR3yaa h (per)'nHpyeMhli), MM HIRM. 10
eM."
HaRts. 55
PerynHpoBK8 "BHH.. W8I)'HB, MM 45
3alCp.lTaR B.Ja)TI H (pacCTOJlHHe OT 1I0l1WTlMIIOBOA h H
MHT". AD non:J)'H. . ero HlDKHeM nOJlO)l(etlHH DpH HaH-
MeMmeii AIIHHe W8l'yHa) , MM 10 202
55 180
IfHCJ10 XOOB non3YU B MJlHYTY 120
Yron H8Kl10H3 CT8HIDI.., rpa 30
Xo BepXHero B.ITaRICHBJTeJ1JI, MM
.lIH1Merp OT8epCTMR no,. S.ITaJlkHBaTen., MM
.lIH1Merp OTBepcTHJI no,A XBocroBHK, MM 40
npeccooKpHBOUDmH.. HoMNH8JlltHOe )'CHnHe. TC 16
OTKpla.r],11 "BYXC1'OIIII." K,l!2322
npocroro elCTBHJI. 118KnOH&- Xo.n n01l3)'Ha h (perynHpyeM.") HIRM. 10
eM."
aaaft. S5
PeryJlllpOBKa .QJ1HH.. WITYH., MM 45

3alCp.ITati B.loo1'8 H (pacCI'ORHHe or nO,Qw1'IMnoBoii h H
MHT". AD nOR3Yu B ero HH*"eM nOnO)J(eHHH DpH ltaR-
MellI.Wei HHe W8tyHa) , MM 10 202
55 180
1fHCJIo XOAOB .. MJlHyl')' nOJJ3Y}18 120
YroJl H8KJ10H8 CTaHHH.I. rpa 30
Xo,. Bepuero B.ITlnXIIB8I'eJUI. MM
.lIH1Merp OTsepcTH& noJl. B.ITaRKIlBaI'eJ1., MM
AHaMe'Ip OneptTHR no XBOCTOBHK. MM 40
npeccoHokpHBOUDmH.m HOMIIIWI.'We ycantle f TC 16
01'KpltlTltii JUlyxcroe....... K2326
DJQCI'Oro elCTBHR. H.MOHa. Xon non3Yu h (perynHpyeM.1A), MM HBHM.
eM." 
HUts. 56
----------------- -
FerynHp:tBxI AJD!JI.I UIITYHa, MM 4S
r
]aICphlTIR B.loo". H (paccro8HHe or now1'IMIIOBOA h H
nnJtl']'l o nomYHa B ero HHKmeM nOnO)J(eHHH RpH HaH.. ,
MeH"Wei .QJ1HHe W8I)'Ha). MM

55 180
IIHcnO XOAOB non3YU B MHHYTY 120
)Iron HaKJIOH3 CTaHHJlIIII. rpa 36
Xo,. BepXHero B..tTlJ1KIIB81'eJ18. MM
AnlMerp OTBepCTHR no,A B..tTlJ1kHB81'eJ1h, MM
IMerp onepCTHR no,. X.O1OBHK, MM 40

18B
"poOoJlXeHU
t
HIRMeHOB8HHe npecCi MOAen.. OcKOHH.IB DapaMerp..
npecc OJUIOKpIIBOUDUIH.IA HoMHHanhHOe YCllJllle. TC 25
OTBKpJ,..... "BYXCme'llU." K233A
npoclOro elCTBIiR H3Jd10HJI- Xoa nomyu h (perynllpyeM."). MM HIHM. S
eMhdl
HaHlS. 65
---------------
PerYJI1lpoBKI HH.. mITYH8, MM 65
3aKpWTali .blOOD H (paccroRHHe OT nOJ1WTaM1lOBoi1: h H
IIlDI11d  mJDyHa B em IIH1KIIeM nonoweaHH DpH HaH-
MeHlJwei lVIHHe UJaTyaa) , MM 5 250
65 220
.MerlO XOOB nOll3yHa B MIIIIYI')' 105
)Iron H8KJ10HI CTBHHH.., rpa 30
Xo,n Bepxaero BIdDJIXlIBaTeJlR, MM
.lIH1Merp oTsepcTHJI no,. ....ITaJlKHB8Ten__, MM
.lIH1Merp oTBepcTHR no,. XBOCTOBHK, MM 40
npecc O,.HOJ<pIIBOUDUIH." HoMHH8.7I1tHOe yCIIJIlle f TC 25
OTBKplJIT.li "BYXCToe'lH.di 2124
npocToro _ICT8RR HeHBKJlOHR- :xo,. nom)'H8 h (perynHpyeM.di). MM HaHM. 5
eM..
1I1IIC5. 65
PerynHpoBk8 AJlM.. maT)'Ha, MM 55
3alCp.rraR B..OOD H (paccTOflHlle OT nOAUJTaMlIOBol h H
nnHT.. J¥) nomyu R ero HH)lQleM nono*eHIIII npH HBH-
MeH.wei "Billie W8T)'Ha) t MM 5 230
65 200
....cno XOB nomyHa B MIIIIYTy 120
YroJl HaKnoal CTIHIIH... rp
.lIH1Merp OTBepc1'llH nOA XIIOCIOBHIC, MM 40
Dpecc OHOJ(pHBOUDDIH." HoM1f.H8.l1.lIOe )'cMJlHe, TC 2S
OTKplllThll "BYXCTOeIJH.. 23'4
npocToro .QeICl'B1IR HaKJIOHR- Xo.a n0J13)'''' h (parynapyeM.ra), MM HaHM. 5
eM."
HBHIS. 65
------...._--
PerynHpoBKI HH.. waTYU, MM 65
3aKpWtaJi ..ICOD H (paccTORHHe 01' nOJUDT8M11oBoi1 h H
HIIH!'.I AO nomyu B ero HHJKHeM nOIiOWeHHH DpH HUI-
MeH.WeA AIIHHe Wa'l)'Ha), MM 5 230
65 100
'lKc.no XOOB nOJl3yHa B MHHY'IY 120
YroJl HIICnOH8 CTIHHH.., rpa 30
:xo,. BepxHero B.ITaRKHB3TeJlR, MM 30
.lIH1Merp OTBepcTH. no,. B.ITaRKHB8TeJlJ., MM 40
.lIH1Me1p OTBepcl'HIi noJl. XIIOCTOBIIJ(. MM 40
npeCCOJUlOkpHBOUDnH." HOMIIHan.HOe )'CII1IHe, TC 25
OI'KpblTblA ,.ayxcroe'lH.. 1ffi2124
npocroro elCTBHR HeH8KJ10HR- XOA n0J13YH3 h (perynHpyeM..), MM "&11M. 5
eM..
HIHIS. 8S
PerynHpoBKI .QJ1HH.. waTyu. MM 55
3aKPJ,.DJI B.IWTa H (pacC1'OJIHHC OT DWnMDOBOi h H
DnHT.. AO n0J13yHa B ero HHJIOIeM nOJlO1Ke&HH npH

18'1
npOollJCeHue
HaHMeHOH8HHe npecca MoAell. OCHOItH..e nBpaMerp"l
H3KMellbwei AJlJIIIe W8I)'Ha), MM S 230
65 200
.HCJ1O XOADB nOJ13yul B MHHyry 120
Xo,. BepXHero B.lTanKHBal'eJ1J1, MM 8
-----------------
.lIH1Merp OTBepcl'HIi no,. B.ITaRkHBll'eJI. t MM 40
.lIH1MeTp OT&epCTHJI no XBOCTOSHK, MM 40
npaccOOKpKBoUDmH.m HoMIIII&I1.Hoe YCHJ1He, 'l'C 40
OTKPhIT.11 "B)'XCI'Oe'IIU." KA2326
npoc1'Oro elcrBHJI HaKJIOHJI- Xo,. nOJl3YUil h (perynHpyeM."), MM "&11M. 16
eMhdl
"&11ft. 80
PerynHpo,uca AJlItH.. waT)'HB, MM 65
3aKplaITa1l B..WD H (paccTOIIHHe 01' no,.W'BMfIO.ol h H
RnHThl AO nom)'H. . ero Hlf]lClleM nOJlO:JKeH1DI DpH HIH-
MeH.Weiti I1J1HHe W81')'Ha), MM 16 183
80 ISI
.MeJlO XOADS non3)'Ha B MHHYTY 100
Xn,. aepXHero .J.lTaJ1kHBare.na 30
Yron H3J(BOttl CfaHHIt.., rpaJ1. 30
.Qnll\teTp OTBepCTHR no XBOCTOBHK, MM 50
Dpecc OJUlOKpKBoUDInH.m HoNIHH&11bHOe YCIUIHe, TC 40
OTKpJ,IT." "Byxcme'iIt.I1 K62326
npocroro elCT81f" HaKnOHJI- XoA non3)'1111 h (par)'ltHpyeMhdl), MM HaKM. 16
eMIt.
Hall 15. 80
PerYIIHpoBKB "BItH.. mIT)"H_, MM 65
311ICplllllBli ..JWTB H (pacc1ORHHe OT nOAWTlMlIOlioi h H
DJ1IHT.. AD nOJl3yaa B ero HH)IOteM nonO:JKeH1DI n HaJI-
MeH.weA AJl1IHe waTyu II HH)I(JUIM nOJlO*eHHeM 16 247
CI'onl) , MM
80 215
IfflleJIo xoaOB nOll3YII8 . MHHY1Y 100
)rroJl H8KJ1OH8 craJIHII.'.lpaA 30
XoA Bepxaero ..ITlnKHB8TeJ1JI. MM 30
.lIH1Merp OTBepc:THJI nOA B"'TlJ1KIIB8TeJl., MM
.lIH1Me1p Or&epcI'HJI nOA XBO1'08MKI MM 50
npeec O,.HOKpHBOIlDUlH." HoM1lll8n..Hoe YCIIJIHe, TC 40
oTK'phlTItIi "ByXCToe..... KA234
npocroro elCTBHR HaKnOH.. Xo.n nOJl3)'H8 h (perymcpyeMhdl). MM HaRM. 8
eM"
BIHI5.. 80
PerynHpoBx8 HH.. W8TyH8, MM 65
3.aKpItIT8R ...lroD H (paccTORHHe OT nOAUJTaMlIOlioi h H
n.nHT.. AD nOJl3)'HB B ero HH]lClleM nonO.eH1tH Dpli HIM-
IIfteH.weii HHe W8T)'Ha), MM 8 301
80 265
IfHCJIO XOADB non:Jyu B M1IHyl')' 90/135
)Iron H8KJ10Hi CI.HHD.I. rp.,. 30
Xo.n aepXHero BItITlJlKHB8TeJlR, MM
.lIH1Merp OT8epcTHR nOA B"'TlJ1KH88Ten., MM
.l1H1Mel'p OTBepCTHIi nOA JCBOCTOBHK, MM SO

npoOolUlrenue
190
HIRMeHOBaHlle npecca
Mop.eJIlt
OCHOB...le napa MeTp..
npecc OAHOKPHBOwamH.1ii HOMJIHOe ycHJIHe, TC 40
orlCp..rwI AJlyxcroc-m.aI KJl2326
npocroro elCTBH. HaKJIOHJI- Xo,q nOJl3yaa h (perynHpyeMhm), MM HIHM. 10
eM..
aufta 80
PerynHpoBKI .Q.J1HH.. miTyll8, MM 6S
311ICpltiTaR B..oo1'8 H (peCCI'ORHHe OT nowTaMnoBol h H
MHT..  nOll3yHa 8 ero HH)l(HeM nono.eltHH np1f II.H. 
MeH.wei AJlHHe W8T)'Ha) , MM 10 250
80 21S
'IReno XOB nOJl3)'H8 B MHHYTY 100
)lroJl HakJIORa naHmn.., rpa 30
Xo,. SepXHero BJ.ITanKHBRI'eJ1R, MM 60
.QH3MeTp 01'BepcTHR nOA BnIJlKHBareJl.t MM 70
.lIH1MeTp OTBepcTHR no,. XBOCTOBHIC SO
fipecc OJnlO)(pHBOIUHDH." HOMHHIUIIJHOe YCHJIRe, TC 40
oTKp.rr.rI oJnlOCTOe'lIu.di 1426
npoCToro aellCTBHJI c nepe.lXlUI)K- Xo.n nomYHB h (perynHpyeMhdl), MM HUM. 10
HJ.IM C1OJlOM II poroM
HaHI5. 80
PerynJlpo81C8 AJlMH.. maT)'Ha, MM 65
3aKp.ITaH s..ooTl H (paCCTOAIIIIe OT nOT8MJ1OBOI h H
DJlHI'.1 J¥) n01l3yu8 B ero HH1ICIIeM nono.eNHH np1f HB...
MeHlawei AnHHe W8Ty11a), MM 10 170
80 I]S
'IReno XOaOB nOJlyaa It MHHYTY 100
Xo.n BepXHerO 8nIJlKH"reJI., MM
nH8r.teTp OTBepcTIIII DO,tt B.ITanKJIBITeJl., MM
nH8r.teTp OTBepcTHJI no,A XBOCTOBJlX, MM SO
npecc OJnlOKpHBOWHDH.II HOMllHa1l.HOe ycJUIHe, TC 63
OTKpltIT.11i "BfXCTOe"IH.II, KB24S :1111111111111
npocroro .aeIiCTII'IIII. H8KJ1OHJI- KB23S XoA non3YHB h (perynHpyeaa.di). MM IIMIM. IS
eM.II
HllJlft. 100
PerYHHp)BKI .QJ1HH.. WITYH8, MM 80
3a1C,.ITIJI .111001'8 H (pacCTOJlHHe OT no,.WTaMIlOBol h H
nnHThl J¥) nOJl3)'Ha B ero HH)l(HeM DOn())f(eHMH Dpil H8H..
Mem.wei MIIHe waT)'H8), MM IS 362
100 320
"RCJJO XO.A08 nomyaa B MHHy'lY 80
YroJlll8KJlOH8 aUlHH.., rpa 30
Xo.n BepXHero ...lTanKHBITeJUI, MM
J].Ha r.teTp onepcTIIII noJl. ..ITIJII<IIBBTeJl", MM 44
j:tHlMeTp OTBepcTHIi DO,tt XBOcroBHK, MM 45
npecc OAHOICpHBOUDmH." HoMIUI.n.e ,CIIJIHe, TC 63
oTKp.rr.rI onaocroeu.. KAI428
npocroro .aelicTBlul C lIepeJUlH1K- Xo,. nOJl3YHB h (perynHpyeM.d), MM HUM. 10
IfMM CTOJ1M H poroM
HIIJII5. 8S

191
l1pot}omKeH.ue
HIRMeHOS8HHe npecCi
MoAen.
OCHOBHle HSplMerp..
PerynHpoBK8 AJlHH.. waTyHB, MM 80
3aKpJ.IT8R 8.IOOTI H (piCCTOIIHHe OT nOAWT3M1108oii h H
1UIIII1d,.:J JIOODYH8 B ero HMJlCHeM nonO.eH1IJI np1f Ha.-
MeHLWeli WtHae WITYHa) , MM 10 177
8S 140
'{Heno XOADB nOJl3)'H. B MHHyTY 90
Xo.n BepXHero Bltl1aJ11CHB8reJ1R, MM
.lIHI Merp OTBepcTHR DOlt B.ITIIl1OIB3TeJlII. MM
PerynHpoBK8 CJona DO B..ooTe 290
j:tnlMerp OTBepCTHR no,A XBOcmHHK, MM 60
..
fipeCCOAHOKpHBOUDmH.. HoMHHanbHOe yCMJlHe, TC 63
ol'KphlTlt1i "Byxcroe'IH.I1 KJ12328
npocTOI'O elcrBHJlII8KnoHII- Xo.n nOIl:JYu h (perynapyeMhdl), MM HaIiM. 16
eM."
Ha.ft. 100
PerynHpoBKI AlIHH.. war)'H., MM 80
3aKp.IT8R B.IOOTa H (paCCTORHHe OT nOJ1WTlM1IOBOii h H
IlJIHT.. AD Jron3)'Ha B ero HHXCHeM non01KeHlIJI np1f H8R-
MeHhwel "BHHe waT)'HS)., MM 16 302
100 260
IJHCJ10 XOOB D0J13)'H8 B MHHYTY 90
Xo.n Be pXHero BItITBSlXHB8TeJlII, MM 45
.lIHlMerp OTBepcTHJI no,Q BltIT&1IKHBareJl.. MM 45
nll8Merp OT8epcTHR DO,. XBOCTOBHK, MM 50
fipecc OAHOKpHBOUDmH." HOMJllUln.Hoe YCKJlHe, TC 63
OaHOCTOe'lH.I1 npocl'Oro .aeli- K 1128 ..
CTBHJI HeH8KnOHJleM.. Xo.n n0J13yHa h (perynHpyeM.di), MM MaIIM. 10
HaRts. 85
PerynHpoBKI l1JIHH.. wal)'H8 t MM 80
3alCpld11lR ...ooTI H (pacCTORHHe 01' 1I0,.W1BMIIOBOI h H
MHT.. J¥) n0J13ya& 8 ero HHMleM nOnO)K&lHH np1f Ha.-
MeK.wei .QJ1HHe waTYHB) . MM 10 294
85 260
IJHCJ10 MADB nOJl3)'Ha 8 MHHyl'Y 90
Xo.n aepXHero B.IT8J1XHB8TeJ1JI. MM 25
.lIHlMerp OTBepCTHR no,A B.ITIJlXHB8I'eJJ., MM 25
.lIHlMeTp onepcTIIII no XBO1'08MK, MM 50
npecc OHOKpHBOIUHIIII.. HOMHHaJI.aoe yeHJIHe f TC 63
OI'KplllO'hl1 "Byxcroe'lll.I1 K6245
HpOCTOro elCTBHR Y8xnORR- Xo,. nOIl:J)'Hs h (perynHpyeM.") MM HaHM. 16
eM.dI
Hall ft. 100
PerynHpoBKI .Q.J1HH.. mat-fHa. MM 80
3aXPWT3J1 B..OOTI H (picclOlIHHe OT nOJUUT8MfIOBOI h H
nnIfT.. p.o n0J13)'Ha B ero HM1KIIeM DonO.eRRN DpH Ha....
MeHbwei I1J1HHe WITYH8 H HHJlaleM BOIlO.eRRN C1'Ona) , MM 16 362
100 320
IfHcno XOOB nOJl3YHB B MHHyry 40
Xo,. aepxaero BItITBSlXHBaTeJ1R, MM 20

npOOolUlreH1!
192
HIRMeHO..HHe npecca
MO.QeII
CkH08H..e 08p1Merp.1
.lIH1Me'1'p OnepcTIIII no,tt ..ITaJIKllBlft.n., MM 20
nll8MeTp OTBepc1R. no,tt XBOCTOBJIK. MM SO
lIpecc OJUlOKpHBOIlDUlH." HoMKlUln.lIOe YCMMe. I'C 63
OAHOC'IOe'IJIW" OTKpWTJ,dI KI26A
H)JOClOro elCT8HR c: nepeAu,- XoA nOIl:JY. h (perYJIllpyeMw.), MM HaHN. 20
HJ.IM aonOM
H all ft. 84
PeI')'IIRp:>BKI .Q.J'IHH.. W8Tyas, MM 80
fipoMe*y1O'IJI..e XOJUd nOIl3)'.I, MM 29; 4S; 61; 73; 81
3alCp.ITaR ."001'8 H (pacCTOJlHBe 0.. DO.AurraMOOBol h H
QJlMTW J¥) nOJl3YHI . em lI.mleM DOnOJKellHH np1f HaH-
MetI'weI MitRe W81ytt8 H HHJIOICM nOAO*t'ltHH C1'Ona), 14M 20 392
84 308
'lHCJlO }(Ol¥>B nOll3yaa a MllHYTY 10
PerynHpoBKI crolla no ...role, MM 280
Xo.n BepXHero ..ITaRK.UTeJlR, MM 45
.lIH1Merp O"J'&epCTK. no BWTUKldtneJ1., MM 4S
AMaMeTp o....epcru no,tt XBOCTOBHJC, MM 50
npecc O..QHOlCpHBOUDDIII'" HoMllllan.lIOe YaIJIHe, TC 63
OTKpwnll olUlOcme..... KA23S
HpOcroro ".cmJl. R.IC1IOHR- KA14S Xo BOmYHII h (nocroRlDn.di), MM 1'00
eM.rI
PerynHpoBKI MIIH.. WITYH8, MM 80
3alCpWTaJi 8..00'1'1 H (paccroJlHHe 0'1 nO,QW1BMOOBOI 320
MHT.. AD nOJl3YH; B ero HH1KHeM nono.eallJl npl "0-
Me"lamel .Q.J11111e WITyJll), MM
IfHcno xooa nOJl3yaa B MHHYTY 40
Yron IUIICJIOHa CTIHHH.I, rp 30
XoA Bepxaero 8WTI1IK_a1'eJlR, MM 30
.QHlMeTp OTBepcTIIII no,tt 8MT111X11J1aTe1I., MM 44
.lIH1Merp omepcTIIII no xaocroBHX, MM SO
Dpecc O)UlOKpHBOWJUlH.1A HoMJlHa...HOe YCMJle f TC 63
OTICphlT1t1i OAHOCTOe'IHllil KlI116
HeH8KJ1OH_eMltIA XoA nomyHa h (perynKpyeM.rI) I' MM HaRM. 10
HUft. 84
PerynllpoBKI MIIH.IIUITYHI, MM 80
3aacplllllBIl B.lqha H (paccm.HRe 0"1' no,.wrlMDoBoi h H
Dna,.., AD nOJlYHa . ero all. HeM nOJlo.eHHR npH HU.
,..eHbwei AJlJUre W8'1}'11A), MM 10 304
84 220
'lHCJlO :XO..QOB n01l3YHIa MHH)'TY 80
YroJl a8KJlOB8 nBIIHII.I. rplA
Xo BepxHero ."TIJIKHBaTeJUI, MM 25
nll8Merp O!BepcT.R no,tt .J..TIIIKHB3TeJI., MM 25

[JpoOO.llXeHUe 193
HaIlMeMOII.Hlle npecCR
MO}:\enb
OHOBH.le napaMeTpJ.1
npecc OJUlOKpHBODDlDH.IA HOMHHan:bHoe YCHnae, TC 90
OJl.IIOC1OnH.ri npocTOro AeA- KH90
eTBHII HakJIOHJleM.ri Xo nOJJ3yaa h (nOCTOARH.IA). MM 100
PerYBHpoBKa ARBHJ.I wITyaa. MM 90
3aKphJT8a .WCOTa H (pacCTOJIRHe OT nOttWTBMJIOBoA 305
DJlHT.1 AO nOJJ3)'H8 B ero HHMleM nono)l(eHHH Bpi aBH-
fCH.Wel JXJlHHe W8TyHa), MM
1IJ1Cfto xoo. nOJl3yHa . MRH)"I'Y 71
)ron HBKJlOH8 CTaHHHJ." rpa.Q 20
Xo BepXHero 1IJ.ITaJlKIIB8TeJlJl. MM 100
ItHaMetp orBepcTHJI no BIJIT811IC118aTen. , MM 11
aMetp OTsepc'I'HJI 0011 XBOCTOBJlK, MM 40
Dpecc OlUlOKpHBODDmH.. HOMHH&m.Hoe ycanlle, 'IC 100
OTKpbJn.1A oaHOcroeQ.d KI176
npocTOro lcnHR HeH8KJIOHJI- XOI1 nOJJ3yaa h (perynHpyeM.ri), MM HaHM.. 20
eM.d
a.Hft. 100
PerYJlHpJBK8 AJlHHW WIT)'IUI, MM 100
33KpJ.ltax Bt.JmTa H (paccTORHHe OT nOAIUTIMIIOBOI h H
DnaT.1 o non:Jya B ero HHJIOIeM nOJloJKeJllJ1l npt: H8H-
fCH.meii .QnHHe maTYH_) , MM 20 320
100 280
"HCJ10 xoaOB non3)'118 B MHHYTY 75
--
Xo BepXHero BiliUnKlIBa1'enR, MM 40
ItHaMeTp OTBepc1HJI nOA ..rra1IkMSaren. , MM 45
rtHlMetp OTBepCT)lR no XBOCTORHX, MM 60
Dpecc OJXHOKpHBOUDmH." HOMHHaJI.HOe YCHnHe. YC 100
OTKpbJn.1A naYXCI'Oe'IH.1A K2130
npJcmro QeiiCTBHR HeH8KJlOHJI- XOA n0J13YK8 h (perynHpyeM.IA). MM HaHM.. 2S
eM.rR
HaKft. 130
Per)"nHpJBICa AJlRHJ.1 W8TYH8, MM 100
3aKp.I1'3R .wmTa H (pacC10JlHHe OT nOJ1Wl'IMJIOBOii h H
HJlH'IJ.1 o n0J1H8 B ero HHMleM nOJK))KeHHH npl HBH-
MeH.wel MHHe WaT)'HB), MM 2S 352
130 300
"HCJ10 XOj:tOB non3)'Ha B MHH)'TY 80
XOA aepXHero SJ.ITaJlKHB8I'enR, MM 45
ItHaMetp oTaepc:1HJI nOI1 BllnaJlKHB31'em., MM SO
rtHlMeTp onepCTHJI no XBOCTOBHK MM 60
Dpecc OJXHOICpHBOWHRH.IA IloMHHaJI.HOe )'CHnHe, 'IC 100
OTKpltlThlA nayxcroe'IH.d KA2330
npocl'Oro lcrBIiJi a3JCJlOHK" Xo noJ13YH8 h (HeperYJIHpYeM.rR), MM HaRM.
eM.d -
HaHft. 130
Jla'ynHpJBlCa JXJlHKJ.1 W8TYHB. MM 100
3axpbnaR BJ.lml'a H (pacc10RRHe OT noIUTIMnoBoA h H
IU'1HIW It) DOJ13)"HB B ero HHMleM nonO)l(RH OpH HaH-
fCH.Weii AtJIIHe W3T)'Ha) , MM
130 300

19.
llpOOOIIJlteHU
HaHMeHOBIHlle npccCl
MOJJ;eJIlt
OCKOBH.te napa MeIp)'1
"HCRO xoo. nOJl:JYHB B MHHy1Y 100
Xo aepXHero .LllIJlKHllareJUl, MM 4S
nHlMeIp OnepCI'HR n0I1..1TaRKBB8TeJlIt. MM SO
,QH8Me'l'p OTaepCTHR BOA X80C'l'OBHK, MM 60
Dpecc OaHOKpHBOU11lJ1HhJA HOMlUl3n.Hoe )'CMMe, TC 100
OTXpJ.ITJ.IM oaHOCroewmltli KI27
npoc101'0 AelcTBHIt c nepe- KAI27 XO.A OOJ13YHB 1\ (perYJ1llpyeM.di), MM HARM. 20
JUlH*H.'M CTOIIOM
Hili 6. 100
PerynHpollica MRH)'I waTyHa, MM 100
3aKpt.rrait .),IOO"l'a H (paccTORHHe OT nOAWTIMDOBOii h H
JIJDITW1J,O n0J13yaa II era HH)KIteM nOIlO)l(elOlM DpH HaH"
MeH.mei AlIRHe WITpl H MMBaleM nonO_HHM CroJ1B). MM 20 490
100 450
IIHcnO XOOB nOB3YHB . MHHyT)' 7S
PerynHpollx8 CTOna no .),IOOTe, MM 280
Xo,., BepXHero BIaITanXHBB1"eJlR, MM
-----------
ltaaMe'l'p oTBepcTHR nOI1 B.1T8J1KIIB8I'eJI., MM
nHlMeTp oTBepcTHJI nOI1 XBOCTOBBX, MM 60
npaCCOOKpH80ur.HDHhJA HOM1lHa.n.Hoe YCKJUle, YC 100
naYXCTOellH),JA oTKpl-rrltli K2130A
npoCTOI'O I1e1CTBMR HeH8KJ10HR- Xo nOJJ3yt18 h (perynHpyeMlldI), MM HaHM. 25
eMltdl
HillIS. 130
PerynHpoBK8 AJ!RH),I WI1YH1, MM 100
-
3al<pt.ITaR B.'OOTa H (paccTOfIHHe 01' nOAunaMnOBol h H
nnHT),1 O non:J)'H8 . ero HHMleM nonO)l(eHRH npH HBH-
MeH.wei AJlMue waTYHa), MM 2S 352
I 300
'lHcno XOO. n0J1:JYH8 B MHHy1)t 40
)lroJi naKJlOH8 CTIHHHItI, rpaA
Xo BepXHero BhmnJ<1IB8I'eJIJI, MM 45
ltaaMtTp OTBepCTHR nOI1 BIaITanK1lBII'eJn., MM 20
ltaaMetp onepc:1HJI nOA X80C'I'OBHK, MM 60
Dpecc KpllBOlUHnHbJA nap- HOMHHanbllOe YCIUlHe. TC 160
croe'IHhJA KA3732
XOI1 non:tYHa h (nOCI'OJlHHhJA) to MM 200
ynHpoBJ(a AJ1IIH.' waTYHB, MM 160
]aKp.ITIR B)'1001'8 H (paccTORHHe OT nounaMnoBoM 600
MHTbl ,.0 nomYH8 . ero HH)l(lleM nOJlo*eHRH npH HBH-
fCH.Weii Millie WII'YHa) , MM
'IIICJIO XO,noB JlQn:Jyttl B MHH)'T)' 1 HcnOn- 30
lIeHHe
2 HCnOJl- 22; 30; 45
HeHMe
npccc OAHOKpHBOUDIDHhJA HOMHHBJlbllOe yCMMe. TC 315
]8J(pbll'hJA AHyxcroeqH.ri K247
npoc'lOl'O ,.,eleTBllJI XOI1 nOB:JYH8 h (nocTOIIHM.ri). MM 210
PerynHpoBKa AHRH)'I W3yyHI, MM ISO
33J(P)'ITIR B),IOOTa H (paCC'I'ORHHe OI nOI1WTlMnOBoi1: 480
nRHT),1 O non3YHa B ero HH1KHeM nOnO)l(eHRH Dpa HBH-
MeH..wel AJlRHe waTYHa), MM

195
11poiJomtceIC..e
H"MeHoaBKHe npecca
MOAenlt
OcHOBH.IC Dapa..,etpJ.1
----- - --
"IHCJlO XOOB n0J13ya8 . MIIHyI'Y
15
XOA lIepXHero ..ITlnKIIB8Ten., MM
100
Xo.Q nOJlJ)'II8 h (nocro.RH.IA), MM
31S
460
npeCCOOKpK80H
nayXClOe..1A 311Cp.n.1A
npocrol'O J\.CTBHII
HOMIIHIJI..noe ytllJlBe, Ie
K214A
PtrynJlpoll1<.8 WlJlHJ.1 UIITJH8, MM
ISO
480
3axp.lTali .WooD H (pacCTOJllllle IJ.O nOll3YHI . ero HHac.
lIeM BonO.III_ npH nallMeH.u..tdI AIDIHe W.lTyHI) , MM
IIHCJlO xo;p_ non3YHI . MIIHY'IY
13
XO.A BepXHel'O ..nallKllBa...enll, MM
100
Xo.Q non3YHI h (110CTOJlRH.ri)  MM
90
400
250
160
560
.QJIINeTp O'I'Bepcnul DO.Q XBOC1'08HK. MM
Dpecc nayxxpDOIIDDIR.1A
3ucpwt.ri nayxc-roe'IH."
npocrol'O J\.CTBMR
HOM1lHam.lIOe YClIJDle, 1'(
K366A
Perynllpo8.. AnIIHIt! W.I'fYH8, MM
:Jakp........ Blt!oo'lii H(paI:CTORHKe 0... nO.QunaMooBol
1UDI1'1t!1J,O nOJJ3yJII . ero HlOIOteM nOno:aceHHH npH .aH-
MeII.u..tdI AJlJlBe W31')'118) , MM
'bIcno X01J,OB IIOJlJYH. . MllHYI'Y
17
Xo.Q HpXJIero B .n1lnICHBaTeJ1l1. MM
80
TafinHlta 132
HaHMeHOUHHe Mo,-.n.. OCHO.IIWC n&w
n
IIpecc ooKPHJlOllDllDlWA k410 HOMMHaJlbHoe YCKJlHe D0JI3)'Ha. TC IIBPY.H. 40
38kP"DlA oro=lcnH. . 63
XO.A nOJl3YHa, NM HaPY*H. 260
II 420
'IIHcnO XOJ1DB 11M3 20
100
PacHHe Ne*A)' D()JUUTUInoBOA I1JDITOA If IIOJt3yHOM . M)'TP" SOO
el'O HH.HeM nOJlO_elDlH Ha .H. 430
npecc ooKPHJlOllDllDlWA )(4716 HONHH8JlJlHoe YCKJlHe nOJl3YHa, TC Hapy. 63
38.wrwA ABOAHoro ACTmf. . 100
XO.A nOJl3YHa, NM HapY.H. 260
420
qltCJIo X OJlOB IIOJI3YH& . NM HYTY 15
Pe nJl AJ1HHW 10& Ha. NM 100
Pac:cTOGIHe Ne1lqly nO.AJU1'8NnOIlOA lUlHToA M IIOJt3yHOM . IIII)'TP.. 480
el'O HH)KHeM nQJIOJKemfH Ha .. 430
npea: OpHIOIUHI1HYA KA5530 HoNMKaJlILHoe YCKJlHe nOJl3YHa. TC HBPY_H. 53
38.wrwAABOAHoro ACTmf. . 100
XO.A nOJl3YHa. MN HaW.H.. 260
B 420
'IIHcnO xo.-. n 16
Pe  AJ1HHW wa Ha NM 12S
PaCCTOtlHJte Ne1lqly noaNnoBOA I1JDITOA H DonayllON _ IIII)'TP. 480
em 11M_HeM nOJlO)keHHH Ha _8.. 410
npea: OAHOkpKBOlllHfTHWI 1C5535 HOMMHUhHoe yCHnHC Dona)'H8. TC Klpy.. 200
aupYTWA ABOAHoro=lcnH. . 315
Xo nOJl3YHa. NM KlPY.H.. 420
. 670
1IHCftO XQROa 11M3 10
Pe :me ItHIt! wa filM 200
PaCCTOIIHMe Ne)IUtV nO..QWT8MTI080A IlnHTOA H DonayllON II IIII)'TP. 760
el'O HM)KHeN nOllo..eHMH Ha .H. 650
11M_Hero BhITIJ(KHUrenll. JOe

196
n p H M e p. OnpeJlHTh OCBOBHble BUCOTHhie pa3Mephi WT3Mna WUI BHTSlJlCKH JJ:eT3nH, H306paJKeHHoH ua pHC. 234
Ha npecce JtBOHHOro eHCTBHjl7 MOeJlH K -460.
Tpe6yeTCSI OneJlHTb (pHC. 233): 3aKphlTYIO BhICOTY mT3Mna HI; .QJIHHY nyaHCOHa I; pacCToDHHe Mey IIJIOCKO-
crhlO npHHMHOH IIJIHThi H IIJIOCKOCThIO MaTPHIUi B BepxHeM DOJIOjl(eHHH BHemHero OOJI3YH3 HID; pacCToSlHHe Me
1L1I0CIC0CTb1O MaTpHItY H TOPQOM nyaHcoH3 B BepxHeM nOJJOeHHH BHYTpeHHero nOJl3YHa H 11.
OcHOBHHe AaHHhle H3 XapaKTepHCTHKH npecca KA 5530:
HaH6o.nbmee paCCTOjlHHe Me HH-'ltHeii DQAIDT3MDOBOH IIJIHToA H BHYTpeHHHM nM3ytfOM B ero HH-'ltHeM nOJIOJICe-
HHH HI =- 480 MM;
H3H6oJIbwee paCCTO.HHHe Me HHJKHeii H BepxHeii nomTaMnoBoii DJlHTaMH BHemHero nOJl3YHa B ero HH)KHeM no-
noeHHH H 6 =- 410 MM;
perynHposKa MeXWTaMDOBoro npocrpaHCTBa H8 =-125 MM;
xo BHemHero nOJl3YHa HID =- 260 MM;
XOA BHyypeHHero nOJl3YHa H fJ =- 420 MM.
3aJCplJlTYlO BIJICOTy WT3Mna onpe.a;eJlSlIOT KOHCTpyICTHBHO, HCXOSI H3 BIJI6paHHLlX TOJlHH IVIHT H BLlCDThi BhlTSlrHBa-
eMoii eT3JIH, Y1!HThlB3S1 npunYCK ua nOAj)e3KY. )I.;I5IlUiHHOro cnYI.J8S1 33Kp.blTaSi BhlCOTa H]  222 MM (hi  80 MM C Ylje-
TOM npHlIYCKa Ha no;:tpe3lCY H HYca 33KpyrneHHH M3TpHUN). npoBepj(eM B03MOXHOCTb ycraHoBKH mTaMDa Ha npecc
KA 5530. 113 xapaKTepHCTHKH npecta H6 =- 410 MM. perynHpoSKa nOJl3yH3 BHH3 H8 =- 125 MM. HaHMeHbwaSl 3aKpHT3j(
BYCOTa H HaHN =- H 6 - H 8  285 MM; CJIe.QOB3TeJlbHO, mTaMfi C 3aICpHTOii BIJICOTOii HI=- 222 NM MO;)l(eT 6HTb ycraHoBJIeH
H3,q3HHOM npeece (06HQHO 3aKpHTd BHCOTa mTaMfia He OJIHa 6HTb 60JIhwe H 6  10 MM H MeHbwe H 6 ::a= H 8 + 10 MM).
.lLrmHa nyaHcoHa 1 paBHa:
1 =HI- +h, +k
re HI


k
33KpLlTaJi BLiCOTa WT3Mna;
paCCTOJlHHe OT HHHeH nOmTaMnOBOii DJJHThi o BhlT8JIKHBaTeJJSI;
TOJIHHa BepxHeH nowTaMnOBOH IIJ1HT.hIi
rapaHTHpoBaHHhlH 33nac H3 .QJIHHY nyaHcoHa; npHHHM3S1 k  20 MM, nOJl)'llHM
I = no - 62 + 90 + 20 :=:: 270 .
PacCTOSlHHe Me npHJKHMHOii MHTOA H 1IJIOC1C.0CTb1O MaTpHl( B BepXHeM OOJIO)I(eHHH BHemHero I1OJI3yml paDUO
XOJQ' BHemHero n0JI3YH3 H 10 =- 260 MM.
TalC, BhlCOTa BHTJlmBaeMOD eTaJlH C npHOYCKOM Ha oope3KY 70 MM, a XOIl H 10 =- 260 MM, CbeM lIeraJIH B BepxHeM
nOJIO)l(eHHH nOJl3YHa OOecneqeH.
npHIUITHe BYCOTHHe pa3Mephi mTaMDa, }'CTaH3BJ1HBaeMHe H3 npecc BoAHOro AeACTBHjI KA 5530, DOKa3aHIi Ha
puc. 233.
14. KOHCTPYUPOBAHUE mTAMITOB, OCHAmEHHbIX TBEPbIM CnJIABOM
14.1. 06HE nOnOXEHIDI
14.1.01. B M3CCOBOM H KpynHocepH:AHOM npoH3BOCTBe eTa.neH croAKOCTh OOIJlIlHIJIX CT3nfJHhlX WT3MfiOB OJCa3NBa-
eTCi[ HeJ(OCT3TO'lHOii. liTO Bli3HBaeT He06xoHMOCTh HSI"OTOBJleHHSI. OOJIhmoro QHCJla mTaMfiOB-AYWiepoB. 3TO nOHHxaeT
pa3MepuylO KQeHTH'IHOCTh mTaMnyeMHX eTaneHt Bli3liBaeT Z{onOJlHHTeJlhHlJle TPYZlHOCTIt npH c60pKe, BeJ(eT K npocTO-
.11M npeccoBoro o6opYlJ;oBaHHSl t co:maeT Heyo6crBa npH aBTOMaTH38QHH mTaMnOBKH.
14.1.02. npHMeHeHHe TBepLlX CllJI3BOB B kOHCTPYKqHSIX m"1aMDOB n03BO.1lSleT nOBIJICHTh HX CTOHKOCTh B 30-50
pa3.
14.1.03..J]).IHTeJlbHOCTh 3KcIVIyaT3QHH WT3MnOB. OCHaHHYX TBepYM cnnaBoM J 3aBHCHT OT CJIe,nyIOIQHX cJ>aKTO-
poB:
a) npaBHJlbHoro Bbl60pa THfia mTaMDa H MaplCH TBep,I¥)ro cnna:ss;
6) Hcme:«HoH paOOTH 6Y4»epHlJlx YCTpoACTB, MexaHH3MOB A1IJI QeM3 O1'XOOB H yaJJeHHSI OTmTaMfiOBaHHhlX e-
TaJIcii;
B) COCTODIII5I npecca H ere TeXHH'IecKoA xapaKTepRCTRICR;
r) ICa1lecTBa 1DT3MDyeMoro MaTepHaJIa (paBROMepBOCTII no TOJIIIOIRe, COCTOHHC DOBepXHOCTH);
p) ICBaJIHHXaIUlH Ha.1IaJNHICOB mTaMROB H cnecapea no peMORTY.
14.1.04. IIITaMllY t OCHaeHllllle TBCMHM CIlJI3BOM, OTJlH1I81OTCJI OT OOIf1lHHX PSIJIOM :kOHCTPYKTHBHYX ocOOeHHo-
creA, 1JTO OOYCJIaBJlBBaeTCj( cj)H3HKo-.reXaJIH1IecJCHNH aoHcraaNK TBepAoro CIIJIaBa. npH BX KOHCTpyHpoB3HHH CJIe,QyeT
OOeCDe'IHTb:
3) nOBlmleHHYlO JKecTJ(OCTb ICOHcrpYICQHR; R3HOCOCTOihcOC'l'D TPYJIUlXCK nOBepXHOCTeii (BTYJIOK, HanpaBJUllODUlX
KOJIOHOK ynopoB R T. n.);
6) YCTpaHeHJre BJIBJIHIUI HeTOqHOCI'H WlHIeHllil DOJI3)'Ha npecca nyreM npHMeHeHHK DJIaBaJOIQHX XBOCTOBHKOB H
CHMMeTpB1UlOro pacnOJIoellJU HanpalUIKIODJ,HX KQJlOHOK OI'HOCHTCJlbHO Bypy6aeMoro :kOHTYpa AeT3JJH;
B) e)JCHoe KpellJleHHe 3JleMeHTOB H3 TBeporo CIIJl8Ba H TlQ.aTeJlhHaJI npHrOHK3 HX K OnopH:bIM nOBepXHOCTJlM;
r) MHBHMaJlbHyA BXOJ{ nyaHcoRoB B NaTpy nyreM yCT8HOBKR Orp3I11f11HTeJlhKHx ynOJ!OB.

197
14.1.05. BJlOKH BITaMBOB OJIHhI 06naQ.aTh nOBliJlleHHOH 1KecTKOCTIiIO ICOHCTpYKItHH H 6o.nee TO'lHhlMM HanpaBJlllIO-
JIUIMH YCTpoACTB3MH; 3a30p B H3npaBJlSlIOIQHX 3JleMeHTaX MOKa AOJIIeH 61J1Th MeHhme nOJIOBHHH 3a30pa Me pe'ICY-
MH 3JleMeHT3MR lDTaMn3 BO H36e:.:aHHe 33pyOOHHS..
14.1.06. PelCoMeeTCSI npHMeHJlTh 6.ooICH C HanbHHM HJlH oceBHM pacIlOJlOeHHeM KOJIOHOK H BT)'nOK t a
Tal(e 6.noICH C lleTlip1.M. HanpaBJUIIOMH 1t0000HJC3MH H BT)'mcaMH.
14.1.07. H3npaBJUlIOHe 3JleMeHTH 6.nOICO:e BYIIOJIIUlIOT:
a) ClC0JTh3j1IQHMH - A1Ig Bwpy6HhlX (np06HBHYX) 1DT3MnOB, npH TOJIIQIIHe lDTaMDyeMoro M3TepHaJla CBlime 1,5 MM,
a T31C'Ite A1Ig BHTjlZRhlX, raOOllHIiX H 4toPMOBO'IHYX 1IIT3MnOB;
6) mapHKOBhIMII - A1Ig BlJlpy6HNx (np06HBHHx) lDTaMDOB, npH T01IIIUIHe WT3M11YeMOro NaTepHaJIa MeHhme 1.5 MM.
14.1.08..lInK yo6crBa neperoQJ{H WT3Mna 6e3 pa360pKH. KOJJOHKH B Mmcax MOHO ycraH8BJ1HBaTh B HHJKHeif DJIH-
Te, MY B BlatHeR H BepXHeif (BCTpeqHoe pacnOJIOeHHe).
14.1.09. BJlOKH C 3aznntM paCIlOJlOeHHeM KOJIOHOIC H BT)'noK npHMeHjlTh He CJIetO'eT, T. K. BO BpeM5I pa60ThI B03Mo-
1KeH nepeKOC C5.oou, qro M01KeT npHBecm K 3apy6aHHIO pe*YIIUIX KpoMOK H BhllCp3WHBaHHIO TBep.Qoro ClL1IaBa.
14.1.10. 06IQHe TeXHH'IecKHe ycnOBHH Ha mTaMnli, OCH3lQeHHlJle TBeMHM CIIJI3BOM, YCTaHaBJlHS3IOTC!l no rOCT
22472; npHMeplJl :kOHCTpYKUHH npHBel(eHY B npHJlOJlCeHHH.
14.1. MATEPHAnbl nJljJ AETAJIER WTAMnA
14.2.01. WTaMnti, OCHaeHHye TBephlM CllJI31!.OM" paClIHTaHIJI ua WIHTeJJhHYIO 3kcllJIyaTalOt n03ToMY AJl51 oc-
HOBHhlX eT3JleH eT BIJI6HpaTh MeTaJIJlli C nOBHmeHHHMH 4>u3hKo-MeXaHH'IecKHMH CBOHCTB8MH H nOBepraTh ux
TepMoOOpaooTKe. PeKOMeMbIe MeTaJIJIlJI npHBej:\f:HH B TaM. 133.
TaC>J1MUa 133
, :-
PeI<OMelUU'eMhle MarepHanw 3aMeHJIJOlLtHe MaTepHan)'1
HoBaHHeeTancA TBep,noCfb HRC 3
M8.pKB. rOCT MapKa rocr
I1n:HTLI sepXHHe H HJ{)ICHHe Crania 40n 977 Cranh 45 1050 30 ... 34
f]yaHcoHOnep)l(8TeIIH H C'Le MHHKH Cran. 45 1050 Cranh 40 1050 36 ... 40
CheMHHI<H C HenoCpeaCfSeHHJ.IM Ha- CTaJIL 4SX 11268 Cr45 1050 34 n. 38 (cra.nL 45 X)
J1paBl1eHHeM nyaHcoHoB H 42 ... 46 CNnh45)
ol5oAMLI M8TpIIU pa3):teJIHTellLHldX 11269 3D ... 34 (CI'IUI" 45 X)
wraMIIOB 34 ... 38 (CNnh 45)
HanpaBJIJDOlUHe AllJI nyaHcoHoB H BW- Cran XBr 5950 9XC 5950 49 -w. 53
Ta1Il<HaaTeJleA BbIT.RJKHIdX WTaMnOB COB-
MemeHHoro neAcrBHR cno)fQIoR clJOPMW
npocrol o pM)'1 Cran YIOA 1435 Y8A 1435 51 h. 55
KJDlHY J<penneHHR MaTpHU Cranh 45 1050 eran.40 1050 34 ... 38
nep1KaBKH c60pHldx nyaHooHoB CranL Y8A 1435 Cran Y7 A 1435 5 I .n 55
wm4JT)'1 IUUIHIf):ij)H'E CKHe
nep)I(UJ<H HanaAHIalX nyaHroHoB 30 -.' 34
H MBTpHU
KQ1TOHKH HanpaBJIJDOlUHe C'J.e MHIIKOB UeHTHDOBaTL Ha rny(jHHY
BTynJ<H HenpaBnJllOllUIe C'LeMHHKOB CranL 20 1050 Cran15 1050 O,S-I.OMM 59 .... 63
ID1HT),lnonKJ18.J1HhJe
BKJ18.nI>IUBI J( HBnpaBJIJlIOU1HM nnaHK8M CranLYIOA 143S CranL Y8A 1435 51 0u 55
ARJlneHl'
nOBHTenH TBepnldA 3882 TBepn;wJt 3882
a1118B BI( 20 amas BK 15
eran.9XC 5950 51 wu 55
n pit Nell a H H e. ,l1)UI OCTU.HWX eT8J1eA npJIMeHIlJOTCIl Te -e MarepMIJIW. "1'0 H J!JIJI OOWQHWX WTaNnOB.
14.2.02. BcraBICH H3 TBepAhlx MeTaJIJlOKepaMlPleCKHX CIIJJaBOB BIJIfiHpalOTCJI no mCT 19106. OCHOBHHe M3PKH H HX
4'H3BlCo-MeX3HRQecKHe cBoiicrBa DpRBeJ(eHY B TaM. 134.

T81SnMU8 134
-
MapKH uep,Qoro aua.. mep.aHHe. %
norOCT 19106 u .  ,....- 8OJIpaNa (WC) Kooulira (Co)
BK-8 2 8
BK-II 89 II
BK-IS 85 IS
BK-20 80 20
BK-25 7S 25
BK-30 70 30
14.2.03. C nOBhl:WeHHeM cop;CaHHJllCo6a.nIITa B TBepAOM Cl1J]3Be yapHa,. BS3KOCTb H npen npo'IfHOCTH npH H3m-
fie nOBUmaeTCiI. HO CHHJK3eTCJI npeeJI npoqHOCTH npH CKaTHH; nOHHzeHHe COpHHJI 1C000000Ta CHHJlC3eT CTOiiIcOCTh
TeepAHX CDJlaBOB. B TaM 135 npHBeellY pexOMe1UIH no BH60py TBepYX cnnaBOB A1Ig pa3JIH1IHHX 1DT8MUOB.
14.2.04. B nepBYIO oqepe.zu, OCHaDUtlOTCjI TBepliM CIIJIaBOM:
a) M3TpH1i H nyaHCOHY B lDTaMnaX A1Ig paeJlHTem.RHX onepalUlA;
6) paoollue Y'laCTICH M3TpHUa H nYaHCOHOB, nOBepralOllUfXCil H8H60JlbweMY H3HOCY B mOOQHYX mTaMn3x;
B) MaTPHII.W Blfi1lIHhlX mTaMDOB.
14.2.05. WTaMDH C TBeMHM CIIJI3BOM CJ'IClO'eT KORCTpyHPOB3Th C Y'leTOM lOlIUIx TJ)e6oBaHHii:
a) MaKCHMaJlbHaJI 3KOHOMHSI TBepAoro CIIJI3Ba;
6) B03MO)l{HOCTH 33MeHhI OTeJlbHIiX BCTaBOK WJI COCTaBHhlX MaTPHUa H nyaHCOHOB)..
TaC>Jltlua 135
PCKoMeH):U'eMWe MaplGf
THnbl THO KOHTYpa IUTdMIlyeMhIA TBep.D.L1X cnnUOB
WTaMrlOB wraMIlyeMoA: neTana MeTaJ1J1 AnSI AllJI
M87pHU uyaJlcoHoB
DpocroA 3neKTpoTeXHH'lecxaJl BI\-11 BK-IS
cranh H Apyme MenJI-
nJ.1 TonUlHHoA AO 0,,5 MM
CranL 45 TOnl.QHHoA BI(-20 BK-25
03MM
Pa3AenHTCnhHL[e
3neKTpoTeXHHqeCXaR BK-15 BK-20
cran. H ApYTHe MeTaJl-
nJ.1 ronWHHOI1J,o 0,,5 MM
OIO)lClfLIR
Cran.45 TonUVIHoR Bk-20 BK-2S
03MM
DpocroA J1aTYH.:II cranlt yrne- BJ(-20 BK-15
poJUlCl8J1
rHf)oqJtL[e
OIoMiIdA To JICC Bk...30 BK...25
Dpocrolt JlaTYHIa, cranlt yrne- BK-8
POAHcraI
BIdT H)lClfL[e BK-15
CnoaatwR 1'0 JICC BK-II
DpocroA ,.. Bk-20 BK-25
llel<aHOtIHbJe
CnOJICHwit ., BK-25 BK-30
14.3. DIEPOXOBATOCTb nOBEPXHOCmR
14.3.01. UlepoxoB3TOCT& nOBepxsOCTeA eTaJlel: IDT8N1JOB, lQeHHYX neMJDI ClIJl3BOM. DPHHHM8eTC5l B COOT-
B lB He C pllC. 235.
14.3.02. UlepoxoB3T()C'B nOBepXBOCTei ICQJlOHOK H BTYnOK MoKOB (co CK0JDt3.5IIqBMH HJIH mapnOBHMII Banpaau-
IOIIUfMH> ODtHa COCTaBJUlTlt 0,1 DO mCT 2789; wepoxOBa 'I.:11t noBepXBOCTei ocraJIhHYXAeT8J1eii mT8NIIa npHIUIMa-
eTCg Tax.oii JKe, UK H AJlSI CTaJlhHYX DlTaMlIOB.

199
PMC. 235
14.4. liT AMnbl PA3EJlHTFJIbHbIE
14.4.1. WTaMnw p83ae.JlH'reJlWlhle
14.4.1.1. Blllpy6Hflle lDTaMDY, OCHalQeHHWe TBeMHM cnnaBOM. CJ]eT npoeKTHpoBaTh C YlIeTOM CJIe.AYIOIQHX Tpe-
ooBaHHH:
a) npeHMYlqecTBeBHO BHpy6n AOJI:':Ha npoH3BOaHThCiI C BlQalleit eTaneif H3 npoBaJI;
6) HeOOXOMO TOllHO qeHTpHpoBan ny8HCOHH, oco6eHHo C M8nHMH paSMepaMH nonepe-moro Ce'leHHJI. n03TOMY
nyaHCOHH A1Ig np06uBICH MaJIellbKHX OTBepcTHJK B lDTaMIl3x nOCJIeosaTeJIbHOro AeiiCTBH OJIJKH" HMeTb AOIlOJ1HHTeJlh-
Hoe HanpaBJIeHHe;
B) A1Ig lDTaMnOBICH M3TepHaJIOB TOJIIIUIHOH):(O O,S MM CJ'1eeT npHMeH5ITb OTKpliThle mTaMnbi C npyx.HHHHM C'beM-
HHKOM H HanpaBJISllOIIJ;HMH KOIIOHKaMHt CHMMeTpH'IHO pacnOJlOJlCeHHhlMH OTHOCHTeJlhHO Bhlpy6aeMoro KOHTYpa;
r) mTaMDH COBMelQeHHOro AeifcTBHJI CJIeT npHMeHJlTh B CJIyqaj[X, Kora HeJIh3i1. HcnOJlh30BaTh lDTaMnH C Bhlpy6-
KOH H3 npoBaJI, a HMeHHO: npH mTaMIIOBke AeTaJIeif nOBumeHHOH TOQHOCTH (7-9 KBaJIHTeT) H C nOBHweHHHMH Tpe60-
BaHBSlMH no IIJ]OCICOCTHOCTH; Dpa HaJlH'IHH JecTkHX AonYCKOB Ha B3aHMHoe paCnoJIox:eHHe OTBepcTHH orHOCHTeJ1hHO
ICOHTYpa (:!:O,05 WlSi pasMepoB.Qo SO MM); npH pa3Mepax eTaJIeif CByme 100-120 MM.
14.4.1. 3a30pbl Mey M8TpHQeA H nyaHcoHOM
14.4.2.01. npH Ha3H3'1eHHH S3S0poB Mey MaTPHUeH H nyaHcoHOM B WT3Mnax, OCHaIQeHHIJIX TBepYM CILnaBOM,
He06xoJ{HMO y1lHTYBan CJ'1IOHe $aICTOPIJI:
a) 3apy6aHHe peYHX KpoMOK pa601lIf.x lIacreH npHBO)J;HT K BhlKpaWHBaHHIO TBCPAoro CI1J13Ba;
6) H3HOC TBepnOro cn.naBa He3Ha'lHTeJleH, n03TOMY 3330p YBeJ1H1lHBaeTCSI MC):\JIeHHO. HcxoJI H3 300m, 3HalleHHe
S3S0poB npHHHMaeTCJI HecKMI»KO 6oJlbme, lIeM B CT3JI:&HbiX WTaMnax no TaM. 136.
14.4.3. MaTpH
14.4.3.01. MaTpHLtY H3 TBep.Qoro CIIJI3B3 npoeKTHpyJOT B Bl\ne OeJlbHblX BCTaBOK, aaKJIIO'I.eHHhlx B o6oiiM)'e npH
3TOM YW1tiS81OT TeXHOJlOrH1IHOCTb IC.OHCTpYKUHH MaTpHLtY, YAo6cTBo ycraHoBxH B o6oHMe 7 B03MOHOCTb 3aMeHIJI OT-
AeJlbHIiX BCTaBOX npH BIJIKpamHBaHHH. TpyJ:toeMKOCTh H3roTOBJIeHHj[ H COKpaJ::QeHHe pacxoAa TBepAoro CILnaBa.
14.4.3.02. MaTpHlthI C KpyrJlhlM peYHM KOHTypoM npoeKTHpyJOT lteJIbHblMH.
14.4.3.03. Bo Bcex CJlYQ3JIX M3TpHQ.hI ycraHaBJIHBalOT B o6oiiMbl c rapaHTHpoBaHHhlM HaTHroM, KOropNA KOMneHCIi-
pyeT paCTJlrHBaJOHe HanpIeHHj[J B03HHKaHe B MaTpHne npH pa6oTe.
14.4.3.04. npH KOHCTPYHpoS8HHH M3TpH CJ'1eT H36eraTh ocrpIiX yrJlOB no KOHTyPY BHpy6xH - np06HBKH, npe-
n;YCMaTpHBaJi cKpyrneHHe paAUYCOM He MeHee OJ 1 MM, 'ITO YMeHbmaeT BepoJiTHOCTb CXOJl3.
14.4.3.05. B Bypy6HNx NHOroMecTHHIX lDTaNnax WIiI O.ItHoBpeMeHHoH HJIH noc.nel(OBaTeJlbHOii Bhlpy6xH (np06HBKH)
Kaoe paoo'lee OKHO QeJIbHOH MaTpHLtY npeJJ.I1O'1THTeJ1bHO BlJlnOJlHilTb B Bl\ne OTAeJIhHOii BCTallkH (PHC. 236).

200
TBc)JJHU8 136
TonUUfH3 ConpoTHBneHHe Cpe3Y. "'cp' Mlla ('KrcJMM 2 )
UITaMllye- Ca. 360 l{O 520 (Ca. 36 o 52) Ca. 520 (Ca. 52)
Morn Ma- ,no 360 (36)
Tepmma ..
l{sYXcropoHHHA 3a30p
HoMHHaJ1hHOe npen.e nWloe HOMHHaJlhHOe npeAeIloe HOMHHa.J1LHOe npe,UeIloe
OTKnOHeHHe Ol<floHeHHe OTKJlOHeHHe
0,1 0,007 +0.006 0008 +0,006 0,010 +07006
0,2 0 7 014 0.016 0,020
0.3 0,021 0,024 0,030
0,4 0,028 +0,010 0,032 +0,010 0,040 +0,010
0,5 0.035 0,040 0,050
0,6 0.042 0048 0,060
0.7 0,049 0,056 0,070
0,,8 0056 +O020 0,064 +0.020 0,080 +0,020
O 0.063 0,072 0,090
1.0 0,070 0,080 0,100
1,2 0,084 0,096 0120
liS 01>105 +0,030 0,120 +0,030 0.IS0 +0.030
1.8 0.125 0,144 0,180
2,0 0.140 0.).60 0.200
2,2 0.176 0,198 0,220
2.5 0.200 +0.050 0,225 +0,050 0,250 +0.050
2,8 0.224 0,,252 0,280
],0 0.240 0,170 0,300
n p It M e q . H He. npH nOBblweHHhIX Tpe60B8HHIIX Ie: TOQHOCTH wT8MnyeMbIX AeTIJIeA (7-9 It88JIHTeTItI)  npHHHMDTh YMeHb-
weHHhle syxCTopoHHMe 3B3Opw:
H3 HH3KoyrJlepoAHCTOA CTIJIH" MeH, JlaT)'HH, aJlIOMHHH8 - 6  or HHW 38.roTOBICH;
M3 cpeAHeyr.nePQl:UlC1OA_ CTIJIH" NQp8JDOMHfIIm" ()poaw - 7 ;
H3 BblCOl:oyr 3Jl eJCTpOTeX lflllle(XoA H Hep cranel - 8 %.
Puc. 236
&lc. 237
14.4.3.06. KpyrJIHe MaTpHIUI CJIeJU'eT BYnQJIHUb C 6YpTHICOM (pHC. 237) HJlH C ICaHaBICOA no CT3JIbHYe BKJ1AAh1WH
(pHC. 238).
14.4.4.07. IIpswoYroJIbHlie M3TpH[tY H nyBHcOH-MaTPHnhl B eJlgx 3XOHOMHH TBeporo cn.n3Ba CJIeT BhlnOJ1HSlTb
c 6ypruKaMH, pacnOJlO)l{eHHIJIMH no IC.OpoTKHM cropoH3M (pHC. 239).
I
{


PMC. 238
1 - c60AMa; 2 - Ma'lpHI.\S; 3 - BJC;JIaALlW pupe3HOA
I f'-
.
- t-+-t
\. 
PMC. 239

201
14.4.3.08. MaTpH1i c OI101lHHTeJIhHIJIM KpelIJleHHeM Hanp3BJIJIJOm HMH rwaHKaMH CJ1eA)'eT BlJlnOJlH.HTh 6e3 6YPTHKa
(PHC. 240).
14.4.3.09. Kpyrnwe MaTpHIUi H nyaHcoH-MaTpHIUI co CJIOX:HHM paOOllHM KOHTYpoM cl>HKCHPYIOT mnOHKOH WIH ca-
MOTBepeIODleA I1J13CTM3CCOii (pRC... 241).
14.4.3.10. nyaHcoH-M3TPHLtY mTaMfiOB A1Ig BHpy6KH R1I3CTHH poTopa, CTaTOpa H WfJIHpHilecKHe nyaacoH-MaT-
pUny C TOHKHMH CTeHICaMH peKOMetmYeTc BhlfiOJ1HJlTh c YCHJleHHOH: nocan;OllHOH 1I3CThIO (pRC. 241).
I
&Ie. 240
1 - lLJIaWIC8 HanpaBJIillOlQ81i1; 2 - M8TpHl,a 3 - o6oAMa
Flic.241
1 - nyaHcoH-NaTpHa; 2 - o6oAM8i 3 - wnOHlCa
14.4.3.11. AaaMerp D H BHCOT8 H QeJIhHhlX KpyrJllJlx MaTpHU (pilc.242) B 33BHCHMOCTH OT pa60llero AHaMeTpa d H
IIH S lDTaMllyeMoro M3TepH3Jla CJ1YeT BWHpaTh no TaM. 137.
Ta6nHLtB 137
TonlltHHa TonIUHHa
urraMl1yeMoro d D H urra MI1ye MOI'O d D H
MaTepHana , S M8TepHaJla. S
,no 3 8 ,no 3 10
Ca- 3 n 4 10 CD. 3 u4 12
., 4 .. 6 12 4 n 6 16
n 6 ,.. 8 16 ., 6 8 20
8 II 20 n 8 II 25
n II It 15 25 II 15 32
,no I 15 20 32 16 CD. 1 no 3 15 20 40 IH
n 20 '. 2S 40 n 20 II 25 45
.'1 2S ., 28 45 2S n 28 50
" 28 32 50 28 32 55
1:1 32 35 55 32 35 63
1'1 35 .. 40 63 35 .' 40 65
11:11 40 n 45 65 40 .. 45 71
., 45 h 50 71 n 45 50 75
". 50 D D
. 70 d:= 1.4 SO 70 d= 1,5
D D
70 d = 1.35 70 - == ],45
d
D
cL
R D3"'dJ
I
PHC. 242

202
14.4.3.12. AHaMerp D M3TpH OJI:«eH 6HTb oneneH e )"IeroM HX 3anpeCCOBICH B o6oiMH e HaTJlroM DO TaM..
138. 3anpeccoBKY MaTpHqY B o6oHMY CJIelO'eT npoH3BOTb npH HarpeBe OOoiiMli IJ,O TeMnepaTYPH 370.. .400 °c.
14.4.3.13. Pa3Mep.. npJlMOYroJlHHX M3TPH (pRc.243) B 33BHCHMOCTH OT HaH60nbmeif WIHHH I paoo'lero OTBep-
CTHSI: H TOJIIQHHH S 1DT8KnyeMoro M3TepH3Jla npHBeAeHY B :raM. 139.
T a6.n H ua 138
HaTJlI1I
HaTIII1f
D
D
HaHN.
HaH6-
HaHN.
HaH6.
Or6o 10-
CD-I0 n 16
16 20
20 2S
25 32
32 ." 40
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0.04
0.06
0.07
0,,08
0,09
0,10
CD. 40 O:)O
.. 50 .' 63
'" 63 n 80
,,80 100
100 II 120
n 120 JI 140
0.09
0.,11
0,13
0.15
0 7 18
0,,20
0,12
0,14
0.16
0,19
0,22
0.25
TacinHua 139
TonUUlHa
llITaMIlyeMoro
M8TepHana, S
HaHoonllWaR PJlHHa
pa&qero OTBepCTHJI,
I
TonWHJlR
creHKH MaTpH1lLI.
s.
BJ.ICO'Ia
M8TpauJ.l,
H
no 1
,no 30
Ca_ 30 ., 63
.. 63 7" 90
JJ 90 120
8
10
12
16
16
Ca. I o 3
,no 30
Cs. 30 ., 63
" 63 " 90
.. 90 ., 120
10
12
14
16
18
R4J",.
A.6
I ,
4
..r
,.
..-..
.JJ
PHC. 143
PHC. 244
1  M8TpHlf,8 COCT8BHSII: 2 - KJlifH: 3 - npH3M8
14.4.3.14. PeKOMeeTCSI npHMeBlITh CJIe BlUtH KpellJIeRHJI TBeMocnnaBHHx BCT3BOK: MeXaHH1IecKoe
KperuIeHHe, noca.zucH e H3TJlroM, AH4xI>Y3HOHlfYlO caapxy, naiiKY. KnHHOBoe KpeIl1leHHe CJIelO'eT npHMeHJlTh A1Ig MaTpH
DpHMOyro.nhHOH pMH. npHMep KpeWleHH OHHM IJIHHOM npHBeJ(eH Ha pRC. .244 7 a e ABYM ICJIHHbMH - Ha pHC. 245.
14.4.3.15. nC>C.AAJCY e HaT.BroM CJ1YeT DpHMeHJlTh A1Ig KpeDJIeHHJI COCTaBHX M3TPHIJ. e KpyrnHM HapYJlCHhlM KOH-
TYPOM (pRe. 246).
14.4.3.16. KpeDJIeHHe TBepBHHX BCTaBOK B cOOpHYX MaTax c nOMOIIt&1O BHHTOB npHBel(eHO Ha pHC. 247.
14.4.3.17. A;1.. nOTBpam;eHHii CMClQeHH5I BCTaBOk B cOOpHIIIX MaTpHu;aX npH KpeDJIeHHH HX B OOoRMe eT
npeCMOTpeTh 33MKH, XOHCTPYKTHBHwe 3JlMeHTH ICOTOp..X npHBeJ(eHY B TaM. 140.
J].ByxceKQHoHHlie MaTpH1i J1onyclCaeTc H3roT8BJIHBaTh (5e3 33MK3.

203
u
lA
PHC. 245
1 - N81'pHU.8 COCT8BH8I1; 1. J - IUIHIIY
PHC. 246
1 - N8TpH; 2 - o6oAMa; J - mnOHU
14.4.3.17. AnJl YMeHbmeHH onaCHOCTH CKOJIa xpaJl TBepaBHhIx BCTaBOK yroJI Mey JlHHlfei tlliKa H JlHHKel
KOHTYpa pa60Qero OKRa pexoMelU{)'eTCJI DpHllHMaTh BC MeHee 90 · (pac. 248).
A-A
Ar
fA
PilC. 247
1 - 1U18.C'I'HHa nepMCIIJI8BJIU; 2 - ICJIHH
.l> 9D-
PMCa 248
B em,HHX cnyqau: onyCJCaera YMeRhmeHHC 9TOro yrJla o 70 · Me JlHHHeii CTHX3 B JIHHHeA ICOHTYpa paOO--
qero OKHa (pac. 249).
14.4.3!18. npH conpDteRRR A}TII c npDlYMH yqaCTKaMH paooqero OKHa, JIJlHllIO CTlJlKa BCT3BOIC MaTpHU.hl cneaye-r
pacDOJIar8Th no oceaoB JIHIOIII.QyI'II (pac. 250).

Tafin H 1.(8 140
we 3J1MeHThl 31MJeOB
n
T
i
B_COCTUHWXNaTpH_4>opMW
B CJlyIl&e )'BtJIH1IeHH. OOKOBOA IIOlICpxHOCTH ceWHH A1UI MHHOIlOI'O
&pel1JleHH.
I
2
z
B_ COC'rUIIMXNaTpH
R
PHc.250
Pac. 249

205
14.4.3.19. llpHMep KOHCTPYXD-HH ByxceICIUtOHHOii R TpexcelClUloHHoA MaTpHq npHBeaeH Ha pIIC. 251. TWIII\HHY
creHolC BcraBOK MaTpHIt H HX SYCOTW no Ta6JI. 139.
14.4..3.20. llpHMep KOHCTPYKIJ.HH COCT3BHOA MaTPHUH C npJIMOyroJIbHHM pa6o'lHM OKHOM DpBBeeH Ha pHC. 252.
tBl

.
I
PHC. 251
a - BYXteU1HOHH8J1 N8TPHU.8
fi -1'pe.Xcel\MOHlOde NaT}PHlJ,W
PMc 252
14.4.3.21. llpHMep KOHCTpyXD-HH COCTaSHoii MaTPllIUal1UT3Mfia DOCJIeJ(OBaTeJIiHOro eiiCMIHK C ByM9 maroBhlMH
HOZaMH npHBel(eH Ha pHe. 253, a Ha pHe. 254 - COCTaBH3S l\f3TpHU3 DIT3MDa Mil np06HBICB 4*rypllHX D3SOB B lteRT-
pa1IhROro OFBepcTRJI DJl3CTHH1i pompa.
.(
r- Jl
PMC. 253
PHC- 254
1 - N8TpHU-a COCTBBHa_; 2. 3 - BCraBKH; 4 - o6oAMa
1 - 81')'JId; 2 - o6oAMa; 3 - ClMOTIIepAelOuuullUlllCTM8ttai 4 - CCKqHR
14.4..3.22. llpo4)HJIH B pa3Mepy 3J1eMeRTOI pat)oqero orBepcTIIJ( MaTpHQ AU sHpy6m R Ilp06RBXB cneaye-r .WR-
paTh H3 Ta6JI. 141 R 142.
14.4.4. O6oAMW
14.4.4.01. MaTpHQW C1ICJO'eT ycraHaIlJlHBaTh. OOoAMY oncPYTOI'O BJIII 38XpYTOl'O TIIIItW.
Pa3Mepy OTphITWX OOoAM C IC pyrJlWIQf MaTpRU.8MB (pRe. 255) np. DlTaWDOBlCe I18Tep11aJ18 C ep o 600 MI1a OPH-
BC.AeRW . Ta6n. 143.

206
T afin H 1.(& .4J
THtIW
npo4DuleA
011Ie
1
npo4Hru. ODepcntJl
npMMeHeHHe
It
Au qeJIWIYX N8 BlDTaMIIU C y
IUTIMIwyeMoA M QCpe3 Dpou.nllHOe OQIO

2
tl

Au COC'rUIIMX Na. mftNIIU C y,.,....
DlTaMIIJeNOI...-amt -.epes OQIO
3
f:
4
Au QeJlWlWX M COC'rUItWX Na. DJTaMIIU c
ofipa1'lllB IIWTIJ!KIt8&HIteM IIl1'IMI1YNoA eTuc.

T & fi.n M . 142
To.JIUVIIIB IIIT8MIIym-loro a IJ ,. BweoTa pafto'lero no.cKl.
MaTeplllJIa'. MM II, MM
Jlo 0.5 oalO 0-10 6
Ca.O.5 .. 1.5 ODIS 2 0 0020 7
..1.5 .,2.5 0°20 OC25 8
.. 2.5 , 4,0
Ta fiJl M a 143
TonUUfHa WTBMDym-loro
MaTeplllJIl. ,
llxaMerp M81p1llUd,
D.
OrHomeHHe J1DMeTpa oGolMhI J(
D ..
DHaMe1pY M81p1UlW. D.
Jlo 1,0
.110 20
CB. 20. 32
WI 32 n 40
,. 40 "" SO
.. SO ,. 60
.. 60 .: 70
..70
3,5-3.2
3,2-3,0
3.0-2.8
2.8-2.5
2.5 -2.2
2.2 - 2.0
2.0-1.8
C..I.D l10 3,0
.110 20
c.. 20,. 32
" 32.. 40
.. 40,. SO
,. SO n 60
It 60.. 70
tI 70
4,0-3,5
3.5-3.2
3.2-3,0
3,0-2,8
2.8-25
2.5-2.2
2.2-2.0

207
J)
2
J),
- -

- to-

PHC. 25S
PMC. 2St)
1 - MaTPHUA; 2 - OOoHMa
1 - NaTpMQa TBe; 2 - OOoHMa
14.4..4.02. Pa3Mephi OTkpbITHX o6oifM c npRM('Iyro}fJ)HHMH MaTPHaMH (pac. 256) IIpH 1DT3MnOBKe M3TepHaJIa c r cp
AD 600 Mll3 np4l1eeHH II Taf)J1. 144.
"t a (; JI It  a 144
TOHa WTaMDyeMoro
MBTepH8118. s
HaH60nhllltdt p83Mep
M8TpIllUd, L
TOJIIUHHB CTeHKH o6oAMhI,
Sl
.110 1.0
.no 40
CD. 40 , 10
70 ) 00
.. 100 'J 140
OT 2S no 30
CB.30 " 40
n 40 .' 45
" 45 50
CD. 1.0 J];O 3,0
.no 40
CD. 40 .. 70
70 n 100
., 100 tl 140
Or 25 35
CD. 3S" 45
" 45" 55
,9 S5" 65
14.4.4..03. llpHMep ycr3HOBKH M3TpHD; II 33KpHT)'1O o6oiiM)' C IUIHHOBHM KpeDJIeHHeM II IDTaMne COBMelQeHHoro
AeiiCTBIDI npHBeAeH H3 pHC. 257.
14.4,,4.04. IIpHMep RCDOJIb30B3HHSI HHZHeii IIJIHTbI II K311ectBe 060HMhll{JI Kpen.neHBH e.JIhHblX H COCTallHHX MaT-
pIIU ICJIHHbgMH nplllleH H3 pHC. 258.
Kpen.neHHe MaTJ)HI!bI KOHYCHHM :KOJIhItOM R 3anpeccoBICoH C npHMeHeHHeM npoMeJl<:yrollHoii o6oAMH DpKBe.n;eHO H3
pHC. 259..
6
.LA. 0
I
PHC. 257
1 - NaTpMQB TBeP,qOCDJI8BH8J1; 2 - JCJIHH; 3 - OOoHMa;
4 - nyaHcoHw; S - BhlT8JlICHBaTeJlh; 6 - nyaHCoHo"nep)UTeJJ.
he. 258
1 - MaTpH1(B TBepJ:1OCnnaBHaK; 2 - KnHH; 3 - IlnHTa HIOKHJilIi

A-A tl3. ..1,0
f\I
r t 
J , 
...
JII')
fA
-
PIle. 259
1 - NaTpHu,a; 2 - OOoHMa npoMc*yrollHU; 3 - HHJKHiI.. DJIHTa;
4 - umOHIB
PMc.. 260
14.4.5. nyaHcO'iY
14.4.5.01. B TBepAOCfiJl3BHliX mTaMDaX CJleJQ1eT npHMeHJlTb IteJ1l,HHe, COCTaBHYe HJIH c60pllYe nyaHCOHhI.
14.4.5..02. D;Jsr KpeDJIeHHII TBepOCIt1l3BHYX BCTaBOK nyaHcoHoB nplfMCHilJOTCJI nQCMKH C HaTilroM, 33J1HBIC3 BCTa-
BOK KONnaYMH, AH4xI>Y3HOBH8J1 CRapo, nam.
14.4.5.03. llpllMep IteJIJJHOro np06HBHoro nyaHCOH3 SaKpellJlSleMoro npH nOMOIIUI JlencOIIJl3BKoro ClIJl3B3 DPHBeH
Ha pIIC. 260.
14.4.5.04. llpHMep COCT3BHOro ny3HCOH3 AJlJ[ BYpe3KH eTaJleA n-06pa3HOii 4JoPMH npHBeH Ha plIC. 261.
14.4.5.05. ITpHMe'pY KpeDJIeHHII TBepAOCllJlaBHJ:lX DJJaCTHH c60pHYX nyaHcoHoB C nONOblO BHHTOB H mTH4m>B
npHHhI Ha PHc. 262-266.
I
I
,
I
I
a
 l"- I
I I
I I ,
I I J
J .1 I
I I I
t a
I I I
I 1 I
I- I
.
.
" 
5
All
I
A..A
PMC. 261
PJ1c.262
t6
PHC. 263
PMc.264
I - IJJI8CTHHa TBep.QOCl1JJB.8ltb;
2 - BhlW

209
z

3
I
PHc., 265
PHC. 266
1 - nyaHcoH; 2 - ep.aua; 3 - WTH4fr;
4 - II)'8HOOHOACI»TMh
1 - I1JI8CTHHa TBepocn.naBHaJl; 2 - ep)l(aBKa; 3 - ny8HCOHO.QeP*8Tem.
.,
1 - CJ»KaBKa CT8JJ'bHag; 2 - DJlaCTKHa TBepP.OCl1Jl8llHAl;
3-npoKJIKa 
PHc., 267
I. 3 - 4JHkcaTOPW; 2 - JUl8CTHHa TBepJlOCnn8BHaSi
PMc. 268
14.4.5.06. IIpHMep ICOHCTpyxnHH c60pHoro nyaHCOH3 C HCII0JIh30B3HHeM cl>HXcaTOPOB II XaqCCTBe ICpeneJICHHX 3JIe-
MeHTOB npHBen;eH H3 pHe. 267, a Ha pHC. 268 - KpenneHHe TBepOCllJlaBHOA DJl8CTHH:&I1C nyaHcoHY DpH noMO wrcJ>-
cPysHoi C8apXH.
14.4.6. nyaHcOHOJlepaTeJlH
14.4.6.01. BHCOT3 nyaHcoHoepaTeJliI JJ;OJIJlCH3 COCTaB.1UITh He Meuee 30 % HHIi ny3HCOHOB.
14.4.6.02. B MHoronyaHcoHHHx WT3MIJaX CJleAYeT DpHMeH5ITh pa3JJ:eJlhHhIe nyaHcoHOllepJIC3TeJlR WISI OHOro nyaH-
COHa (pRC. 2(9) HJlH rpynnbl ny3HcoHOB (pue. 270).
A
AT
1A
PliC. 269
Pllc.270
npHMep ICOHCTpYKIUlH lIepmeii R1IHTli Tpe.xpSl,lXHoro WT3Mfla nOCJlenDB3TeJIhHOro AeACTBHiI C pa31leJIhllHMH ny3HCO-
HOepJl{aTeJIJlMH npHBlIeH H3 pHC. 271.
14.4.6.03. D,n nOBHmeHHSI JlCeCTKOCTH TBepAOCDJIaBRHX ny3HCOHOB peKoMeyercjl npHMeHeHHe nyaHcoHoel»Ka-
Tenj{ IIXOAHIQero II IIOJIOCTh CbeMHHKa (pile. 272).

t  .. 
.fA
A-A
,
PHC. 271
1 - nyaHcoHoJ\CP)K8TeJll.; 2 - DJlHTa aepXHIIJI
210
PMC.. 272
1 - nyaHcoHo.aepJlC.8TeJ1.. 2 - npH)I(HM
14.4.7. CUMHHKH
14.4.7.01. BH60p ICOHCfpylCD.HH CbeMHHK3 npoH3BOllHTC5I B 33BHCHt,fOCTH OT TOJIIIHHbI IDTaMnyeMOI'O MaTePH8JJa H
MaCta TO'IHOCTH 1DT3MnyeMoH ACTaJIH.
HeDoHHlie CbeMHHICH CJleA}'eT nplfMeHSlTb npH TOJIInHHe lDTaMnyeMoro M3TepHa.na CBlJIIIIe 0,5 MM..
rrOH;t(Hbie C'beMHHKH CJleeT npHNeHTb DpH TOnHHe mT3MnyeMDro MaTepH3JIa o 0,5 MM.
14.4.7..02. "pH DOBHmeHH:bIX TpeOOB3HmIX K TO'IHOCTH WTaMDyeMOii AeT8JIH (7-9IC.BaJlHTeTH) H TOJIHHe WTaM-
nyeMOI'O MarepaaJIa AO 0,4 MM CJlel\YCT npHMeH5ITh nOBHXHHe CbeMHHKH c mapHKOBHMH HanpaBJ1SlIOH (pHC. 273).
14.4.7.03. l{lIycropoHHHe 3a30phl Me OTBepcTHeM C&eMHHIC8 H nyBHCOHOM II 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BYCTOpoHHHX 33-
30poB Me MaTpHei H nyaHcoHOM npHIIeHhI II Ta6J1. 145.
TafiJlHqa 145
.QBycrOPOHHMIT 3830p MeJKPY
Ma1J>eft H nY8.HCOHOM
JIBYCTOPOHHHI: a3op Me;)(()].Y eMHHJ(OM
H nyaHCOHoM
a.. 0,007 no O009
" 0 009 " 0 014
, 
" 0014 " 0,020
II 0 7 020 ,r 0,030
.. 0.030'1 0,040
., 0.040 " 0,050
"0.050 0,060
0.060 II 0.070
" 0,070" 0,080
0,080 " 0.090
0.090 II 0,100
" 0,100 · 0,120
0.120 " 0.150
0150 II 0,200
" 0200 ., 0,500
fA
AI
PHC. 273
1 - C'heNIIHK; 2 - BCTaBKa; 3 - wnOUKa; 4 - ByYnKa
0,006
0.008
0,010
0.012
0.015
0.020
0,025
0,030
0,035
0,040
0.04S
0 7 050
0.060
0,070
Ot090
4
AL
A-A
r/4
PMC- 274
I. 2 - BCTaBKH HanpaBJUII01l\He

211
14.4.7.04. AnJl CRBJl:eHHJI &3Hoca aanpaBJImox 3JleMeRTOB CheMRHK3 cntA}'eT npHMeRilTb BcraBICH. KOBCTPYX-
IUfiI noro CbeMHHJCa C 3aDpeccoBaRBOA: IqJyrnoA BCTaBlCoA: npllileHa HI pHe. 273.
KOHCTpylClUIB HanpaBmllOlQHx BCTaBOIC C BHHTOBHN KpellJleHHeM R tHJ(caeii BX mTR4n'aMH npHBeRlal H3 pRC.
274 H pHe. 275.

lA
AL
... .
...
j
+
++
PHC. 27S
A-A
. f7
PHC- 276
I. 2. 3 - 8CT8BKH lIanpaBJl8IOIqHe
I, 2 - BkJlQWWH nep,qOClUlallHwe
14.4.8. HanpaBJUlIOe YCTpoAcTBa
14.4.8.01. B HanpaBJIRlOHX nnaHXaX 1DT8M1IOB C TBepAIJIM CDJIaBOM He06xoJUlMO nMaTPRB8Th IIKJJaJ(HDIB &3
TBeporo CDJIaBa N3poIC BK8 RJIR BKIS no rocT 3882.
KOHCTPY J(IMg H pacnOJlOeHBe ..meii npHBCAeHH Ha pHe. 276.
14.4.8.02. AnJl CHHxeRHH R3Roca M8TpH npH nepeMeeRRH no BRM 33roTOBOK peKoMeBJO'erc.s npHMeRilTb DrJIH-
DaTtJlH (pRC. 277).
.,

5
3
I
PMC. 277
PIce. 278
I - nnaHxa nanpaBJUIJOIQ8.II; 2 - DOJIoca; 3 - OTJlHnaTeJ1lt;
4 - N8TpH 1 S -I1JIHTa HH.H."
I - HKcaTOp; 2 - oyaHCOH; 3 - IIITHIJrr
I
PHC. 280
PHC. 279
I - c)JHXcaTOP; 2 -- oyaHCOH

212
14.4.9. HKCaTOpy (JlOBIlTeJlH)
14.4.9-01.. KoHcrPYXQHR 4>HKcaTOPOB R cnocooli HX ICpellJIeHIIJI ()JDKHIl npeQycMaTpHSaTh B03MOJKHQCT& HX 33MeHhI
6e3 pa300pKH BepxHeii 'laCTH DITaMn3.
14.4.9.02. llpHMeI6 KOHCTPYKHH 4>UKC3TOpOIi AJIJ[ oTBepcTHA RaMeTpoM AO 8 MM npHIIeHIi Ha pHC. 27S H
pRC. 279, a M AHaMeTpOB OOnee S NM Ha - pHC. 280.
14.4.9.03.. llPH ctJHXcaHH IIIT3MnyeMOH 3aroTOBKH no TeXHOJIOrnqecKHM OTBepcTHKM CJleA}'eT npHMeHSlTb KOHCT-
pyKlUIH 4>HKCaTOpOB, DpHBe.AeHHble Ha pHe. 2S1 H pIIC. 282.
PHC 281
PHC. 282
I - c)JHXcaTOP; 2 - «:'beNHKK; 3 - BT)'JWI
1 - HKcaTOP; 2 - BTYJWI
14.5. UIT AMnhI AnSI rHBKH
14.5.01. BHOOP ICOHCTpYK'QHH lDTaMna CJleeT npoH3BOHTh II 3aBIICHMOCTH or KOHcI>arypaU.HH H pa3MepoB AP-
MHpyeMHX 33:rarOBOIC.
14.5.02.. B mOOQHYX mT3Mnax pexoMelQyera OCHaIqaTh TBepAYM CM8BOM pa6<NHe ylUtCTKH NaTpHq H nyaHCG-
HOB, KOTOpHe IIOABepralOTC!I HaHOOm.meMY H3HOCY (pRC. 283, 284).
.,
3 lJ
PHC. 283
PI1C. 284
1 - BCTaBK8 MaTpHQ&1 nepocn.naB"aSl;
2 - nyaHcoH; 3 - BCTaBK8 Na1'pHQhl; 4 - OOoHMa
1 - nyaHcoH; 2 - BCTaBK8 MaTPHhI TBepOC1UI8BHa5l; 3 - OOoHMa
1 - nyaHcoH: 2 - N8TPHU.8
nep.AOCnnaSHag; 3 - OOoHMa;
4 - IlJ]HTlC8 nOHag
"A
_,r
qr.-e-
PHC. 286
PHC. 285
1 - oOOHMa; 2. 3. 4 - BCTaBKH N8TpHQId TBepOCnnaBHhle

213
14.5.03. npH V-06pa3HOA: m6Ke DpocThlX eTaJIeii He60JJbmHx p33MepoB onyclCaeTCJl H3roTOBJleHHe M8TpH no.11-
HOCThIO H3 TBeporo CJIJI3Ba (pHC. 285)..
14.5.04. npH CJlOJitHOM npocJm.ne m6KH CJIeT npHMeHn-b COCT8BHYIO MaTPHIJY C TBemOCIJJJaBHHM1lIlKJIaAymaMR,
ycr3HoBncHHYIO B OOoiiM)' (pHC. 286).
14..5.05. BliTaJIKHBaTeJlH m60llHlix mTaMIIOB, - CJ1y'18e HX RHTeRCHBHoro H3Hota t OCH31Qa1OTC.K TBepAIiM cnnaBOM
DOJIHOCTbIO (pHC. 287) HJlH 1l8CTIf1IHO (pllc. 288).
14.5.06. B mT3MD3X AJIJI m6ICH. OCHaelUlHX TBepAIiM CIIJIaBOM t CJle;urtr nplDleHftIt CJlezorlODUle BBJ(Y KperL1IeHHiI
TBemocWmBHhIX BCTaBOK: MexaJlH1lecKoe KpeDJIeHHe. nocaAKH C BaTgroM, AHclxltY3ROHRYJO CB8pKY t natucy.
14.5.07. KpeDJIeHHe TBepDJla.1OIIX raf50qHWx BCfBBOK BHHTalOl H mTB4naMB IIpBBeao Ba pHe. 289 B pRC. 290.

PMC. 287
PHC. 288
I - nyaHcoH; 2. 3 - BCTanH Ma1pH Y&ep,qOCnJIaBHLlCi
4 - ....T8.JII(MB8.1'eJI1t nepAocl1JJaBHoA
I - BCTaBKH Y;
2 - o6oANa BbITIJJ1CHBIITe.rrS
A-A
A-A

Ar
t
I
.
fA
PHC. 290
7
PHC- 289
1 - ep*8.Ka .AJUI nyaJlcoHa; 2 - WTH4JT;
3 - nyaHcoH Y&eHYA
1 - o6oANa; 2 - BCT8BKB MaTpHIJ;W
TBepOClUlaBlla; 3 - BWTaJlKMB8TeJJh
14.5.08. KpeDJIeHHe TBepOCIIJ1aBHYX BCf8BOX BHHTaMH K Cl'8JlhHWM 1I3C1'JIM MaTpH H nY8HCOHOB peICOMeHJU1eTCSI
BJiIlOJJRJlTh lIepe3 np06xH, ICOTOpwe lII1aHBalOTCSI HJlH )'CT8II8IL1IHBaIOTCiI . TBeMOCIlJI3BHhle BC'I'8BKH HJIH D.1I8CTHHN no
nKecHaTroM (pHe. 291t 292, 293).

21'
(
2.
3
1J
PMc.291
PMC. 192
1 - 8HHT; 2 - otJoANa; 3 - BCT8BKB CTIJIhHaJl;
4 -=- IICTUd nepOCI1JI8BHa.
1 - IICTUd CTIUI"HI.II; 2 - IICTaBK8 nepo-
CIIJIUHU; 3 - otJoANa; 4 - BHHT
1
I
1
.
-:j)-
PHC. 293
PMC. 294
I - d>oANa; 1- .IOIT; 3 -1ICTa8ItI.
CTIJIItH8J1; 4 - KTBBd IIHU
1 - 060AMa; 2 - IICTUd Na'lpHll,bI Dep)U)CIlII8BHa-; 3 - 8WT8.JII(MBaTeJJh;
4 -lJ)JOCJIQXa
-
14.5.09. YcraHoBICY nepAOCllJlaBHIaIX 1ICT311OX B OOoih.y npoH3BQ,AJITI. no nKe  roCT 15347.
npHMep Kpen.neHRS TBepOCl1Jla.Hoi rHtXNHo MaTpHIJ)!I DocaAKoA C HaT1IroM np.BeaeH Ba pRC. 294.
1.4.5.10. npHMep ICpeDJIeHHS TBepBHHX R1I3CTHH J( AepZ3TeJlIO npH nOMO aRY3BoRROA ClI8pK:H npRBe-
AeH H3 pHC- 295.
A-A
-


Ar J
I
1 A
PMC. 295
PMC. 296
1 - p -8BK. nyaHcoaa; 2 -lIJIaC'11lHa 
1 - otJoANa; 2. 3. 4 -- BCTaBKH TBePAOCMaBHble

215
14.5.11.. npHMep KpeDJIeHHJI TBepIIJIaBHYX BCT3BOX K o6oiiMe npH nOMOIQH naHKH npHBeAeH H3 pHC. 296.
14.6. mTAMnbI AJIK BbITK)KI(H
14.6.01. BHOOP ICOHCTpyKII;HH lDTaMna CJIer npoIl3BOHTh B S8BHCHMOCTH OT lCOHHrypaIUlH H p33MepoB Ae4x>tr
MHpyeMhlx saroroSOIC, cnoc06a BHTJ[)l:IC.H H THDa npecCOBoro o6oPYOBaHHIl.
14.6.02. B mT3wnax AJU BhlTilXXH npocrol"O AeiiCTBId peKOMeeTCj( OCHalI(an TBepA:&IM ClIJlaBOM MaTpHlJ)!I, 8 B
mTaM08X (OBMetqeHHOro AeiicTBlUI - ny8HcoH-M8TP H lI. Y H MaTpH1Ui  Bhlpy6KH.
14.6.03. npH .HTJlXKe IUIJIHIfM)HqeclCHX H npJlMOyrom.HIiX lC0p06"113Tb1X AeraneH c wraMeTpoM BJlH pa3MepoM nO
HaroHa.nH MeHlUlle 6 Mil BCT3BIC)' H3 TBeporo CIL'I3B3 DB CJIeT 33XJ11OlIaT& B o6oAMy (pRC. 297), HaMeTp 1C000poi: D
onpe.t{eJIJ1eTC5I no COOTHomeHHIO D3 > 1.5Ds .
14.6.04. 3aBHcHMOCTh pasMepoB TBeplL'IaBHHX BeTaBOK MaTpH OT TOJIIQHHIiI mT3MuyeMoro MaTepHaJla H pa3Me-
poB BHTKrHBaeMOH AeTaJlH npHBeHa . TaM. 146.
T a6nlll.{a 146
TOnlltHHa
lllT8NI1yeMoro
MaTe pH 3JI a
.lbraMeTp HJlH l1HaroHW1h
BlJlTRfHBaeMoJt
J,J.eT8JIH
TonWHHa CTeHKH
BCf8BIGI,
He MeHee
BLICOTa BCf8BKH w
He MeHee
Ito 01'3
OrII1J.015
CB.15 30
30 .. 63
n 63 , 145
4
5
6
8
6
8
10
12
8
10
12
14
CB. 0,3.0;0 1.0
Or 11 o 14
CB.15 ,w 30
30 1'- 63
63 145
10
12
14
20
CB. 1.0 02.0
Or 11 1];0 15
CB. 15 II 30
30 7' 63
63 145
8
11
12
15
12
14
16
25
1
2
D
11,
PHC 2'n
PMC. 298
1 - otJoANa; 2 - BCTaBK3 'I'IIepQOCI1JIa
I - BCTaBKa Y&ep1J.()ClJJJ88H8J; 2 - oOOHMS
H7
14.6.05. CBHeHHe ny8BCOH3 H nY8BCOB-M8TpHl.\l>l C ny8BCOHoepItaTeJleM npOH3BOTIJ no nocaJJ;lCe p6
rOCT 25347.
14.6.06. T1IepoclIJlallHwe BC'I'8BD1 c60PHHX MaTpHQ AJ111 BhlTilXXH He3aBHCHMO OT ICOH4>HrYpaH 1DT8M1IyeMoH J!e-
TUH CJle)U'eT ...nQJIHJITI. C I1HJ1HH.ItpHlJeCICOH nocaAollHoii lIaCTblO (pRC. 298).
14.6.07. KOHCTpyKqH5I saKpliTOH o6oiiMH M8TPHIUi C TBepDJl8BHoA BCf8BKOH npHBeHa R8 pHe. 299.
14.6.08. 3anpeccoBIC.Y TBep.u;OCDJI8BHHX BC'I'8BOK B o6oAMy npoH3BOJ].HTb nOCJle HarpeB3 o6oiiMLI AD 370...4oo!!lC no
H7
nOCMJCe %8 mCT 25347.
14.6.09. B nY8HCOHaX H nY8HCOH-MaTpHU3X, OCH8IQeHHhlX TBephlM cnnaBOM, peKoMeeTcj( npHMeHSlTb CJI
lIUIe BHAN Kpe11JJeHHJI TBepOCIIJ1aBHHX BCf8BOk: MeXaHHlJeCICOe KpeDJIeHHe (pHe. 300 H 301), H4xl>Y3HOHHYIO CBapKY

216
(pHC. 302) H naHIe)' (pHC. 303). naiK)' C11eJU'eT DpHMeHn-b Dpa HeB03MOIHOCTH ocyeCTBHTh AP)'nte MeTOJJ.hI KpeDJIe-
HH5I.
1
1
2
3
PHC. 299
PHC. 300
1 - BCTBBKR T&epnOClUJaBHaJl; 2 - o6oANa
I - ep)l(aBK8; 2 - 11J18CfHHa TBepOCDJl8BHa5l; 3 - BHHY
H7
m
PHC. 301
PMC. 302
1 - ep}Ka8Ka; 2 - rutacTHH8
Y&ep,.OClJJJ8BH8JI; 3 -- WTHIJn'; 4 - BHHT
1 - JJ,epJK8BlCa; 2 - lUJaCTHHa Taep.QOCIIJI8BHU
14.6.10. npH ICpeIUIeHHH naiiKoii TBepOCllJlaBIWX lIJIaCI'HH K CTaJlbHYM Aepa.KaM nyaHcoHoB &1IeJU'eT npyc-
MaTpliBaThHlCcaltHlO l1JIaCTHHY ICOH)'COM (pHe. 304), HJlHHJWHqecJ(HM BNCTynoM (pHe. 305). mTHc2n'oM (pRe. 306).
2
1
PlfC. 303
PHC. 304
1 - J];ep8u; 2 - DJJaCTHH8 Y&epOCn.naBJUUI
I - ep)f(UKa; 2 - rutacTHH8 Y&ep):{OCT1Jl8BHaa

217
PMC. 305
PHC. 306
I - Jl,Cp-aBKA; 2 - I1JI8CTHHa TBepOCMa8HaR
1 - ep)l(aBKa; 2 - urrHTi 3 - 11JI8CTHH8 TBepOCDJIa8H8JI
14.7. DIT AMfibI JInSl 'lEKAHKH
14.7.01. B DlTaMnaX AJU ..eK8HKH peJCoMeH,ttyeTCS\ OCH8Il\3T& TBep,QhlM ClIJlaBOM OJ{HY HS pa601lHX qacreii (MaTPH
HJIH nyaHcoH), B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HHTeHCHBHOCTH HX H3HOCa.
14.7.02. npH ..exaHICe AeTaneii H3 MeT3JlJIa TOJIDUfHH CBhUIle 3 MM TBep,QhlM CMaBOM MOryT 6Mn OCHatqeHIi o6e Ae-
TanH - DyaHCOH II MaT.
14.7.03. IIpHNep OCHaeHHJI TBep,QhlM CIIJI8BOM DJT8Mna AJI 1lelCaHICH npHBCJ!,eH H3 PRe. 307.
A-A
-$-
$-
AT
fA
PHC. 301
1 - BJ(JIBJ:\blW; 2 - BCT88Ka (Taep,lUMA CM8B); 3 - MP.aBICa; 4 - BeTa.lea; 5 - OrpaHHIiHTeJJHble BtyJIJ(H

15. nPHMEHEHHE nOHHYPETAHA B IDTAMnAX
IS. I. OCHOBHbIE nOnOXEHHSI
15.1.01. nOJlHyperaH JUUlJleTCJl3J1aCTH CHHTqecICHM MaTepH3.1l0M. 06JtaAalOIQHM BYCOKOH H3HOCOycrol'lH-
BOCThIO H cnoco6eH BHB3T& A3BJIeHHe 40 xrc/MM H 60JJee 6e3 DOTepH 3Jl3CTH1IHOCTH
nOJlHYpeTaH IJpHMeHgeTCSI . WTaMl1aX B xallecTBe paOO'lHX eTaJJeH (nyaHcoHa RJlH MaTpH).
15.1.02. npHMeHeHHe nOJlHyperaaa B mT3Mnax n03Bo.uer COKpaTHTb CpoKH H CHH3HTb CTOHMOCTb noJtroTOBKH npo-
v
H3Baa; COKpaTIITb cpolCH H31"OTOBJleHHII OCHaCTICH; H 3roTO BJI c nOMO1O OHOH MaTpHI.\hI HecKOJIhKO pa3JIHlIHHX
aneA. OCHaCTICa D03BOJIiler H3nYraBJIHB3T& AeTaJlH, nn3ICHpoBaHHYe DJlacTMaccaMH H APYI'HMH saIitHTHO-AeKOpaTHB-
HHMH nOKpblTHiilMH, a TaIC1ICe nOJlHpoB3HHye H KpameHHl1Ie.
15.1.03. illTaMn6 C UOJIHYpeTaHOM 3ICOHOMHllecXH lteJIec006pa3HO npHMeHJIT& . yCJIOBHKX onHTHoro, HHHIlHOro H
..
MeJ1KOCepHHHoro npoH3Bosa.
15.1.04. B TaM. 147 npHBeeHY OCHOBHlle H3HKO-MeXaHHlleCXHe xapaKTepHCTH.KH nO.1lllYpeTaaa, npilMeHileMoro B
v
WTaMnax XOJIOAJIOIIIDT8MDOBIGf.
Ta6nMqa 147
MapK8 no. TBCP.D.OCIh MOJIYfll. 3nac- OrHoCHrenLHoe npeen OrHoCHTel1W10e
JlHYpeTaHa no mOPY THWOC'l1l Eo. YJJJlHHeHHe, npo'IHOCfH ocraTollDloe YJJ:
Hwop MTIa a% TB:. Mna JlHHeHHe,
,
aoer. %
CKY-6K 50...32 600 40:.0 0...4
CKY-7n 80...85 600 60,,0 0.--4
CKY-ncJ)n 90 1,0 400 SO"O 01..10
CKY-7-100 95 400 600 18
CKY...7-8S 85 500 60,0 S
15.1.05. B UqecTBe o6oPYAOBaHHII AJ1i1 H 3rOTOBJl eRHII AeTaneH. mTaMIIaX c nOJlHyperaHoM HcnoJlb3ylOTC5I 3JCCQeH-
TpHKOBHe, KpIIBOwaDHHe, c})pHQHOHHHe, I'HJij)aBJIJl1leCXHe H lleKaHO'lHHe npecc:bl..
15.1.06. B 1DT8MD3X C npHMeHeHHeM DOJIHYpeTaHa NOOHnOJlHJIfi pa3AeJJHTeJI&Hhle, m60gHNe H 4K>PMoo6pasy-
]()e onepaIJ.IIH.
npilMepN J(()Hcrp)'K AeT8JIeii npaBJIeHN aa pRe. 308.
/\
.
J'=
6
{: $ - 

\u.Lr
a:
PHC. 308
a. Bblpy61C& H np06HBK8
6.m6K8
8. 4x>PMOBKa
15.1.07. CxeM3 npouecca BNpyl5KH H np06HBKH nPHBeHa Ha pIIc. 309.
Onq>al1. HSI npoH3BOHTCjI B CnH3JIbHOM MOKe, COCTOeM R3 KOHTeHHepa (2) c no,nymKoii H3 nOJlHypeTaHa (3) H
aBHJ]bHHIC8 (6), 3aKpelU1eHHoro Ha BepXHdi IVIHTe mplMna. 3aroroBICa (5) nOMelItaeTC5I B KOHTeHHepe (2) H HaKphlBa-
eTCSI ma6JI()HOM (4). Y CHJlHe npecca nepeaeTCjl lIepe3l(aBHJ1bHHK Ha nOJlHypeTaHOBYJO nO,AymKY.
15.1.08. Onq>aQ.HJO m6KH MOXHO COBMecTUTb C onepaIUIKMH BYpy6KH, np06HBKH, 4K>PMOB1CH H OT60PTOBICH.

219
6
.
5
4
J
2
i
a
PHC- 309
15.1.09. npH 4toPMOBKC . DITaMnaX c npHMeHeHHeM nOJlHypeTaaa BIL1e npoHCXOJUIT npaTHe nOBepXHOCTH 38-
roroBKII B DJlOCKOCTH MaTpIIJOII, 8 saTeM, fiQA .QeiicrBHeM pacnpeaeneHHoli HarpY3KH, npoHCX();(HT 4K>PMoBKa peJlb$.
cJ)oPMOBKa MOZeT ecnuIJiTbCjI no npJIMOH (pHe. 310a) H DO 06paTHOH (pHC. 31 (6) CXCM8M.
npJlMaJi cxeMa Ue.nec.oOOpa3H3 AJIJI MaJlNX pal1.HyCOB 4K>PMOBKH (R S 5 MIl H h S 5 MY) ; 06paTHa CXeM8 :Qenec006-
pa3Ha AJIJI t5o.DBDIX HYCOB 4K>PMOBICR (R > 5 MM. h > 5 MY). C»OpNOBKY MOXHO COBMeDUtft C onepaD.HDtH Dl6XR. 01'-
,.
6oproBXJI, np06HBICH B Bwpy6kll no ICOHTYPY.
DpttMC"'IIHC. npM OOBMeDtCHMM onepaqilA; CJIeJO'eT )'1DITW88TIt. '11'0 croAttOC'Tb DO)tYIImM ua onepe It 3Ha1lH1'eJlh1lO MeJu.DJC t lieN HA
1tPyna onepalJ.HJlX. a nepeDIJI...p.u nyaHCOHa C1IOJICHOro npo4JHJlg 3aTJ)Y.nwae.m.aa.
15.1.10. P83t50proBU .QeTaneKJ3aroTOBox) npoH3B<UI;H1a UK no aaPYXBOMY, T8K If no BHyTpeHHeMY ICOwrypaM;
HaH60Jlhmag TQ1IDgUIa mT8t.myeMIiX MaTepHaJlOB npH 3TOM o 1,5 MN H OTHOCIITeJI1IltOM YHHCRHH 6o.nee 20 %.
15.1.11. Pa3f)oproBICY MO&HO COBMeIq3T& C np06HBKoH 03308, OTBepcTJdi, 4K>PMOBKOH pe6ep JKCCTKOCTR. HnRceA
cxeM, pHCYBKOB, rafilCol nOA yrJlOM 90 · C ae6onbmoii BNCOTOH OTrHOOeMJiX nOJlOK (H < 20 MM) H BHpy6ICOA 3a H XOJJ;
opecca.
15.1.12. Pa3fioproBICa OTBepcTHii fiQA pe3M>Y npoH3BOHTCjI Kax C npesapHTenlJHO OTICpNTllM OTBepcTHeM B 3aro-
TOBKe (pHC. 311a) t TaK H 6e3 Hero (pHC. 3116).
15.1.13. On epal\II B pa3.Qa1Ol B OOJltIlM8 saXJIlOqalOTC. ynpyroDJIacm'lecKoN AecIJoPNHpomaHBB 3aroTOBOK pa3.J1Hll-
,-
Hol4M:»paor B pa3MepoB DO &et1'KoA MaTPlIQe 3JlaCTH'IHHM nyaHcoHoM BJIH ecnHM DyBHCOHOM no 3n8CTJ111HOit MaTpH-
e &3 MaTepll3JlOB T01IDOIBoA 0,2-3,0 MN C 0'I'Ifi0CIITCJI YA7DlHeHBeM &mee 10 %. Pa:maqy H dSJKIIM MOIKO npo-
B3 aceBIIIM DQ,QIIOpoM (pRC. 3126) H 6e3 Hero (pHe. 312a). PaaQaIJa 3JIaCTH'IHIJIM nyaHcoHoM 6e3 oceBOro DQAUO-
pa saroroar.:11 no JKecmoA MaTpe peJCoMeYeTCJI npH Ae4JoPMalUlH .QO 20-35 %. P83au 9Jl8CTH1IRYM ny8RCOHOM C
&
..
.
.
PHC- 310
-PItC. 311
OCeBIaDI nouopoM saroroao DO JKoA paneMRoi MaTpe peKOMeH.AYeTC5I nps 3H31lHTeJlhHOM ICOH1J)IeHTe pa3-
JJa1Jll  npll Na.JIHX yroBelUDlX CTeBICH.
 pa3.Qa1Jll Atr8JIel TBD8 o. RJIH AeTaJleA CO MROxec.TBOM 3JleMeHTOB, pacnonOJEeRHHX DO Bl:llCOTe. pelCo-
NeHZO'eTCJI JIplDleJmn CXeMY DOCJICAQB8TeJlhHOA -R33.Q3'lH 3JlaCTH tlHNU nyascoHOM no JKecmoA MaTpHQe C oceaol BOJJ.a-
treK aaroTOBDI . 8OR)' .qe4x>PIUJJ.IUI (yqacroK 3a o..).
npIIMI'lallHe. Au p&m.eHH. yt'DtDI MaTepHUa H3 HHOIt aouw awcon SJI8C1'H1DIoro nyaHCOHa OJnItHA fiwn pallHOA Bwcme
2...3 ro4»p. npH MOM npoMaQQHr _ He hOa().v rotPa H xaJlH6pOBIa npeero.
06JUTBe 3JIaCTII1UIoi KaTpel no ecnoNY nyaBcoay peJCOMeYCTC5I npll BIiDOJIHeJlHH pe3h6N B nOJlYX H Tpy6-
IJ3THX aanrroBUX.
15.1.14. On epa-qJl1l pa3.Qa1Jll H OOJltIlM8 peKOMeH.AYeTCJI BHDOJIBJ(Th OAHOBpeMeHHO C H8HeceHHeM PHCYHKOS, cxeM B
cjJHpMe RJII.I Y SHaKO..
npliMeIl&HHe. p  OTIepcTHK  npHHyYM yroHeHHeN II JUTaMn&x C npHNeIfeIfIfeN 3J1aCTHQHWX cpe IIpOM3BeCTM HeIlCXUlO*HO.
15.1.15. On epa'\JI B IIHTJlZXH . lIITaMlIax C npHMeHeHHeM IIOJIHYpeTaaa MOO npoH3BOTh DO CJlC.l{yIODl.RM CXC-
Naw:

220
.
.
PHC. 312
I - 11J10000HA: 60eK
2 - I1pH*IAC oceBOR HArpy3KH
3 - cJK>PNYeNU SIJOTOBU
4 - 3JUlCTHIIHWA nyaHcoH
5" 7 "-' 1IIICrH WTaNJ1A
6 - 3a1'OTOUa I¥J c!M>PW08D1
a) no KCCTXol MaTe - DpllZRM H nyaHcoR &3 DOJIayperaHa, DlTaMII YHHBepcaJIbHHA. "pilMeHileTCjI NU Bbl-
.
TtI.JCB Berny60ICHx aJlel HS IIJIaCTlf1l1lWX M3TepHaJlOB TOJIIqIIHOA 1I0 1,5 MM;
lj) no ol MaTe 3a aecJtOJlhxo HarpYJlttHKI:, nyaRcoH H npHJlCHM H3 DOJJHyper3H3, 1DT8Mn rpynnoBoA:;
a) no KetTKollGTPlIQe t ny8BcoH HS DOJIHYpeT8H8, DpllZRM aecrxHA. PeJ(oMeeTCjI . MaCCOBOM npoH3BOCTBe;
r) DO ecTK0MY ny8HCORY, NaTPRQ3 YBRBepcam.H8 B3 DOJIHYpeTaHa, npHHM :JKecncHA. PeKOMeeTCjI npH BH-
TgaKe .WCOKOOpoQRIIIX cnnaBOB C DeJlOM npo'lHOCTH 1000.. .1400 Mna, ooecneqHBaeT pa3HOTOJIlIUfHHOCTh MaTepHa-
na.Qo3-5 %.
zt) no ecrKoA MaTpe nyaHcoRoM H3 DOJIBYpeTaHa C nB3pHTe.nhHoA: Blipy6xOH 3aI"OTOBKH as nOJlOCY JlCeCTKHM
nyaJfCOHOM DO ZecTKOH M8Te (JcoM6HHHpoBaHHa DITaMDOBKa);
e) no :aecrICONY nyaHCORY YHB8epcaJlbHoA: 3JI3CTR'IHOA: MaTpBu.eA, npuIIIM: JlCecrxHl C npeB3pHTeJlhHOii BNpy6-
leOB 38roroBJtH nyaHcoHOY H3 3JlaCTHIIHol MaTplme C nony3aMICHyTIIIM OObeMOM.
15.2. TEXHH'IECKHE TPE60BAHHSI
15.2.1. TeXHHQecKHe Tpe60BaHH. J( npoeccy H31'OTOIUleHHR LteTaJleii: Bhlpy6KOH, np06HBKOHe
15.2.1.01. HaHt5onmati TOJIDUlHa mTaMIIyeMIiX MaTepHa.nOB npHBeHa a TaM. 148.
15.2.1.02. OTKJIOHeBRJI pa3NepoB BWpy6aeMHX AeT8Jleii or pa3MepoB nyaacoHOli H ma6noHOB npHB1I.Y B TaM
149 H nOIC338HIi H8 pRC. 313.
Ta6nHI{a 148
HBHMeHOB3HHe
MaTe pMIL"I8
BpeMCHHoe con po- OrHocHTeJlWfOe
nt:B1IeHHe pa3Pwaf YW1HHeHHe
0.B. MrIa e.%
600 10
900 10
200 10
200 10
400 10
400 10
450 10
500 10
600 10
650 10
350 5
650 5
TOnUUtHR MBTcpHana
He OOJIee. MM
eran.
3,,0
1,5
Me.nL
]',0
 2.5
J1aTYHJ.
3.0
2,,0
3,0
2,5
OmaBId aJlJOMHHHeBLIe
I)POH..
I,S
1,0
Menl.XHOp.
He.KJ1L&p
1,5
0,5
CreKnoTKaHIt,
ftyM8111. cnlOJJ,a
KaprOH
mapoHHT
reTHHBKC, Te)(cronHT
haH. npope3HHeHHaJi
0,2
1 7 0
0,8
0,6
0.3

221
Ta6Jllfl{a 14 _
BenH'DIHa MaTepHaJlld TonutHHa M8TepHana l MM
OTKnOHelUfJl C OTHOCHTe.n....
HIdM YW1HHe- 01 0,3 0.5 1.0 1,5 2,0 2.5 3 1 0
HHeM. 6. %
<10 0,015 0.035 0.070 0.150 0 1 200 0.250 0" 300 0.350
H 10-25 0.020 0.050 0,100 0.200 0.280 0.350 0.20 0,500
>25 0.025 0 1 065 0.130 0250 0.360 0460 0.550 0,650 6&
-r-
<10 0,020 0 1 070 0.100 0.200 0.280 0 7 370 0,450 05 60
BH 10-2S 0.030 0.100 0.150 0,300 0,400 0,530 0650 0.800 PltC. 313
>25 0,040 0.1 30 0 1 200 0,400 0.520 0.690 0.840 1.000
15.2.1.03. Pa3Mephl3JIeMeHTO. nOBepXHOCTH Cpe33 AeT8J1eA (pllc. 314) npHBeHhI B TaM. 150.
T a6,.Jf 1{8 150
CocroJDIHe OrHOcHTeJlWiOe h c
MaTepHan DVCIaBKH YAJlHHeHHe 7 % B 8
eran. HeOTO:HOKeHHaS 30- 35 0 1 50 0 7 20
10-19 0,10
Cran. HOpMVIH30maJ:lHHR 30- 35 0.50 0.20
19- 30 0,25 0,08
.J1aTYHIl MJJrKIJI 35-40 0.30 OwlS
IIonyrBepn,aJl 19-30 0,25 0,08
AnIOMHHHIT H ero OrO)k>KeHHwA 30- 35 0 1 50 0.20
amaBId
Me MJln<:aJl 30- 35 0,50 0,20

--
,.

.zI1Ii
Puc- 314
15.2.1.04. MHHHMaJlhHHe pa3MfI)hI 3J1eMeHTOB lDTaMoyeMhlx AeTaJleii (pRe. 315) AOJl'ltHIi COOTBeTCTBOBaT& npHBe..
AeHHHM B TaM. 151.
 .
"
C9

-4-
Plfc.315
t
-+4.-

222
Ta6nMI{8 151
MHHHM8JJLHwe pa3MepW 3J1eMeHTOB. MM
Map1<8 TOJIIUHH8
M&TepHana S.MM Wf8MeTp na3 BIdCTyn PlUUlyc nepe Mid'" WHpMH8
d II k CJ( pyrne. J<a I KOJIY.(.a
8MJI , C
CnutL 005 3 7 60 4.50 1.50 0.10 0.80 1,00
0:.10 3.80 4,80 1.80 0.20 0.90 1,20
0.30 S,OO 5.20 2,50 0,40 1,50 2730
0.50 5,50 6.00 3.00 0.70 2,00 3,,00
0.80 6.00 6,20 3,50 1.00 2,5 3.50
1.00 7.00 7,00 4.00 1.20 3.00 4,,00
1.20 8,30 8.50 4.50 1.50 3,50 5,00
1,50 11 ,50 11 ,50 5.20 2,30 4,20 6.50
1.60 12.50 12.50 6.00 2.50 4,50 7,,00
1.80 15,00 15,00 7.00 3.50 5.00 9.00
2.00 18,00 18.00 8.00 4,00 6.00 10,00
Me.ll.e, BnIOMHHHA 0,05 2.50 2 t SO 1.30 0.10 0,90 0.90
0.10 2.80 2.80 1.80 0.20 1,00 1,20
0.30 3,80 3.80 2,20 040 1,50 2.30
0.50 5,50 5.50 3,.20 0,70 2,,00 2.80
0.80 6.00 6,00 3.70 1.00 2.50 3.35
1.00 7,00 7.00 4,00 1.25 3,,00 3 7 80
1.20 8.00 8.00 4,50 1 ,500 3 t S O 4,20
I t S O 9.00 9,00 5.00 2,40 4.20 4.80
1.60 10,00 10.00 5.30 2.50 4,50 5.00
1,80 12,00 12,00 6 7 50 3,00 5.00 6.00
2.00 14.00 14,00 7,00 3.50 6,,00 8.00
6poH". 0.05 2.50 2.50 1 7 50 0.10 0,80 1,,00
cranL 6Sr:p 60C2A 0,10 3,20 3.20 2.20 0.30 1.00 1.30
0.30 3 7 80 3.80 2,,80 0.50 1,50 2.30
0.50 5.50 5,50 3,20 0.70 2,00 3,00
0,80 6,00 600 3,70 1.00 2.50 3,50
6poH3a. 1,00 7.00 7.00 4,00 1.20 3,,00 4.00
craJlb 651", 6OC2A 1,20 -8700 8,00 5,00 1,50 3.50 5.00
1.50 9,50 9,50 6.00 2:.30 4 7 20 6.00
1:p60 12,00 12.00 7.00 2.50 4.50 7,00
1.80 15,,00 15.00 8,,00 3.50 5.00 8,00
2.00 20,00 20,00 9.00 4,00 6.00 9,00
15.2.1.05. YCJlOBHtI ooecneqeHH.iI T01fHOCTB HSIOTOBJleBIUI eTaneii TBna maa6 (PRe. 315) nptacr8BJ1eHY B TaM.
152.
Ta6nHI{a 152
TOJlllUlHa MaTCpHana.
MM
npH OTHOWeHHH
D-d
2
YcnoBHe o6emelleHHJI TO'IHOCl'H
H3roToBneHHII
0,10-0 7 50
<10
npH 1I1Ofiwx 3HaqeHHJlX OTHome-
8M. D-d
2d
D-d
2d
D-d
2d
1
-<
11
1
-<
13
1
<-
4
1
<-
3
0,,02-3.00
 10
0.50- 3.00
< 10
15.2.1.06. D.ntl n))eaOTBpalQeHHK yTKJKKH M3TepHaJIa J!OJIJJCHO cOOJIJO.n;8fiCJI YCJlOIIHe:
I
An. MaJlOIUl8CTH1JHHX MaTepHMoB - > 3
s
I
A1I 11J18CTHQHYX M8TepH8JlOB - > 6
s
l'.Qe 1- nepeMY1Itc8 Me OT8epcTIIJlMJI H HaPYJDlYX ICOHTypoN .QeTaJlH. MM;
 - TOJIH3 MaTepH3Jl3. MM.
15.2.1.07. YCJIOBHe, 06ecneqxaalOJQee nOJDloe OT.QeJleHHe OTxoa no KOHTyPY OTBepcTHii (OTcyTCTBHe 3aBHcaRH,
npeHhI . TaM. 1S3.

223
TafiJlMua 153
MSTepHanLI HaHMeHHlllfe OTHOWeHHJI
C OTHOCHTC]JYi:hIM
YAJ1H H eHHeM. % d b b l
- - -
H H H
.nolO 2.5 2,8 3.0
CBhlWC 10 2.8 3.0 3,2
15.2.1.08. An C03.Q3HHJI YCJlOBHii, 06eCne'lHB31OIItHX DOJIHoe OTJJ;eJ1eHHe OTxoa no KOHTYPY OTBCpcTHlI, AonycKaeT-
CJI YMeHbIDaTh BhlCOTy ma6J1OH3 AO:
0,60 H - A1I ICpyrnhiX 4»oPM OTBepcrHH B DJIaHe,
0,75 H - AJlII Bcex OCT3.1IbHhlX 4»oPM oTBepcrHH
HJJH npHMeHgTIJ ma6noHIi cneHaJlhHIJIX KOHCTPYKU.HH (pHC. 316), Y KOTOphiX YMeHbmeH3 TeXHO)]omI:lCCKa BIIICOTa
B OOnaCTH OTBepcrHil

..
a-
.
f
2

l
(

=t


.0

PI1C. 31li.

"£

.
...

15.2.1.09. TeXHOJIOnlIJecKHH. npHnyCK H3 cropoHY DpH BHpy6Ke AOJ1eH 66Th HC MCBee 3,0 H npH BHpy6xe B
WT3Mnax C OfKphlThIM 06beMoM H 4,5 H - npH Bhlpy6xe B mTaMDax C DOJIY33MltHYTbIM 06beMOM 3Jl3CTH'IHOA cpeltli (H
- BlJlcar3 ma6roHa), npHnyCK AonYClCaeTCSI YMeHhmaTh:
a) AO 2,5 H - npH BHpy6Ke eTaJleA ICpHBOJIHHeiiHoro BIilIYKJlOro KOHrypa;
6) AO 2,0 H - DPH B6py6Ke AeTaneA TOJIHHoii 2-3 MM.
npH BHpy6Ke AeTaJleA H3 HHAHBworaJI),HOA 33roTOB.kH npHnYCK OTHOCHTeJlhHO maMOHa paCrroJIar3Th paBHOMepHO.
15.2.1.10. npH IIHJUIBQyaJlhHoii WT3MDOBICe 83 n(]ocY nepeMY'IICH Me Aer8JISlMH Ha3Ha1l8n He MeHee 2,8 H
( H - Bycora ma6JtoHa).
npH rpynnoBoi mT3MOOBICe nepeMY'IICH Me AeTa..1IJ1MH Ha3HailaTh He MeHce:
2,3 H - A1I npMOJIHHeiIHoro ICOHTYpa;
2,0 H - A1I KpHBOJlHReiHOro BHnYKJlOI'O KOHTYpa;
1,5 H - A1I ocrpblX BHCTynOB.
15.2.1.11. BIJICOTa maMoHa (H) AQ,1DKHa 6liTb He MeJtfee 2,5 S, re S - TOJIWHHa MaTCpH3Jla. OnTHMaJIhHhle 3R3tle-
RHjI (c YlleTOM npHDYCKa Ha nepeIWIHBJCY) npHBeAeHhl11 Ta6J1. 154.
T a fi .n it U a 154
.
0,1
0.3
0.5
TOl1u.g.1Ha M.aTepH3.Jla. MM
,
0.8 1.0 1.2 1,5
2.0
2.5
3.0
MaTepH8J1
Bhloon wa6nOHa, MM
CranK MapOJ<: 65r. 60C2. Y8, YIO
5poH38. Penh, naTYH n63
AnIOMHHHA H em cnnaBLI; An. AlII.
B95. AMu. AMr. A H
LWYT'He Ma:repHaJlLI C OTHOalTenhHhIM
YAJIHHeHHeM 6 < 12 %
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.S
4.0
4.8
5.5
7.0
CranK MapOK; 20, 30. 35.40.45.
Cr.3. Cr 4. Cr.5. IXI3. 2XI3
naTYHh fl68"
AnIOMHHHJt AMu. A-M. AMr, AD, 1IIAM
,UpYl'He MaTepHRnLI C OTHOafrenIM
YJV1HHeHHeM l) = (15 - 25) %
1,5
2.S
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.8
8.0
10,0 12.0

224
npoIJJKeHlJe
TonUUfHa MaTepHan3. MM
MaTcpH811
0.1
0.3
0,5
0,8
1.0
1,2
1,5
2,0
2,5
3 9 0
BhlcoTa l1Ia6noHa MM
MeAl:. MI M, M2M, M3M
AJIIOMHHHA A2. A3
EpoH3a EpO<D6, 5-0, 15. 6p62,
KMQ3. KMQ3-1, EpOn4-3.
EpOQC 4- 4- 2.5
Crania 081<0, 10Kn. 10. 151<fl, 15,
20Kn, X18Hl0r
llpyme MaTepHRnLI C OTHOCHTenLHIdM
yMHHeHHeM 6 > 25 %
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7JJ
8.0
10.0
12.0 14.0
15.2.1.12. PeJl:ym;He XpoMICH ma6.nOHa AOJ.I;KHH 6HTb ocrpliMH C mepoXOB3TOC1'))IO nOBepXHOCTH Ra - 0.32-1,00.
3axpyrneHH)I, npHTYIlJleHHe, BhlKpamHBaHHe H 3a60HHhI pe:&YIIUIX ICpOMOK He AonYClCaIOTCJI.
15.2.1.13. npH BHpy6lCe HeOO.nbIDHX ACTaJIeH TOJIIQHHOH OOnee 0.5 MM, ocOOeHHo BLlCOICOn'IHHX MaTepHaJloB,
Wa6J1OHH peKoMeH,AyettJl enaTh C yrnoM nOHYTpeHHR 15-20 ., OCT3BJ1jUI co CTOpoHH pa60lleA nOBepxHOCTH nO)lcolC
noyrJloM 90 a BHCOTOH 1.0-1,5 MM.
npHMeqaHHe. npH ICOHcrPYHpoB3HHH ma6J1OHa CJIeAYeT YQHTYB3Th, 'lTO npH BlJlpy6ICe (np06HBXe) AeTaJleA H3 Ma-
TepH3JlOB C O1'HOC'JM'eJIhHIiM lAJIHHeHHeM lJ > 30 % BOCJIe,z{RHe H3MeHilIOT CBOH pasMepLi B CTOpoHY YBe1IH'IeHHjI. a a-
nH H3 M3TepHaJlOB C d < 15 % - YMeHbW310T CBOH pa3Mepbl. J1eT3JIH H3 MaTeptlaJIOB c d - 15-30 % OTKJIOHeHHH pa3-
Nepos He HMeJOT.
15.2.1.14. Wa6JIOHIi BIJICOTOH 2.5 MM H 6o.nee AOJIjEHH HMeTh CKOCIi Ha nOBepXHOCTH ICOHTYpa no yrJloM 15 · A1I
OO.1lerqeHHS C'beMa OTxoa.
15.2.1.15. BGpyf)K:Y H np06HBICY eTaJleA: HS HeMeT3JIJlHQeCKHX MBTepHaJlOB TOJlII:tHHOii o 0.5 MM CJleeT DpOH3So-
ltHTb C Dpu.leHeHBeM TeXHOJIOI'HllecKoA npoKJI3AICH.
15.2.1.16.. MllllHMaJlhHllle SH8'1eHHJI pa.lUIyCOB COnpJlZeHHH H OTBepcrHii AIUI AeTaneA H3 HeMeT3J11IH1IeCXHX MaTe-
pHaJIOB cneayer DplDlHMaTh no Ta6J1. 155 H 156. ·
T . fi JI " It a 155
MS'1'epaaJI
<DopMa nOBepXHocrL
COnpJI)l(BHHJI oprcreJ<flO a CCTHHaxc TeKcronaThl H
Qe11J1ynoll)J. creKnOTeKcronHTw
HHwnHe3HaHHR
I f\:i  f;D BHYTpeHHJlJ1 S.O 4.0 4JJ
4.0 3.0 3.0
 JlapY*HaJi 4.0 3.0 3.0
3.0 2.0 2,0
so J.>O
TafinHlt8 156
MSTepHRnId
pMa oTBepcrHA
oprC'lCKno H
QennynoMA
:reTMHaKC
TeJ<CTOJ1HThI H
CfeKHOTeKCIOllHTW
HaHMeHlaWHe Ha"eHHJI
tV
n A 15
@ 1::J::
10
13
13
10
13
13
15.2.1.18. EcnH H8 AeTaJlH HS CTelC.1l0TlC3HH MHOro AJlHHHIJIX nB30B HJlH BIJICTynoB, TO 3aroTOBXY CJIe)U'er paCDOJJa-
raTh no nyaHcoHoM TaK, QT06H yro.n Me H8DpaBJIeHHeM BOJIOKOH H 11330B HJlH BHCTynoB COCTaBJIM 45 · .
15.2..1.19. BYpy6ICY, npo6HBxy eTa.1IeA H3 HtMeTaJIJIHilecKHX "M3TepttaJlOB THIIa napoHHT, lCaproH npoH3BOJlHTb
npoce'lK3MH (pHC. 317). 3naCTH'III3)1 no.zurWKa IIpH 3TOM HcnOJlh3YeTCR leaK nOHa)l. PacqeT YCHJluA npoH3BOHTCJI
DO 4NJpMYJl3M pa3Jl;eJlHTeJ1hHYX onepaHii, BLlDOJIH)leNQx H8 ecrJCItX mT3MD8X.

2i5
I
PHc.317
15.2.2. TexHHlfecKHe TJ)e60B3HMJI Ie npou;eccy H3rOTOBJJeHH)I AeTanei1 rH6KOM
15.2.2.01. IH6KY AeTaneA pelCoMeHJI.yCTC.K npoH3BOHT" nonepelC BMOKOR npoK3TKH. TOJlIQHRa MaTepHaJla B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT ero npo1fROCTH Bu6HpaeTcR 110 Ta6J1. 157.
T a fi n H Ll8 157
npeeJI DJ)QIIHOCfH NaTepH8Jla. Os. MIla
1J.o300
300-600
CBWlDe fiOO
Trulll{KH8 Na:repH8Jl8. twiN He 60nee
4.0
2.5
2.0
15.2.2.02. r.ny6HHa BHeJlpeHHjI nyaHCOH3 B AeTaJIRX Re 6o.nee '1eTlleproft: qacTH BIJICOTH noymKH M3 nOJtHypcraHa;
OCT3TOqHa)l rJIy6HHa BRel\PCHH)I nyaHCOHa B .DeT3Jl5IX paBHa: R + (5...7) S,
re R - HYC nIDa, MM;
S - TO.1IHHa MaTepHaJl8, MM.
15.2.2.03. MHHHMaJlJ.HlJle HYCH rn6ICH npHHHMaIOTC no Ta6;J. 158.
T a fi n .1 U a 158
Y CJlOBH5I ntfiKH HaMMCH&WHA nJ'C nroKH. ,
H8 CIlO6qQHOH nosepxHOCTH 0.8 S
B 38MKuyrOM 06beNe. *pMJleHHe p8JtH)'ca no )l(ecnc:oMY nyBHCOH)' 0.5 S
B 38MKHyTOM o61.eMe. ocIx:tPMJIeHHe pB.QH)'ca 3J18CTMQnOH nowIKO" 1.0 S
C BePXHeA CII06qQHOH noaepxHOCThlO, pMJJeHHe p8JtH)'ca 3J18CTIltI.j- 6.0S
HOlt 1IO,u' 
15.2.2.04. npeAeJJbHye OTKJlOHeHHR no yrny moo AQ.TIJlCH:bI COOTBCTCTBOS3Th TaW.. 159.
T a fin It Lla 159
Ibrre pS3JILI
DlIHH MeHLUleA
crOpoHbJ yl na. MM
TOnWKHa
MaTepKana.
MM
0b' 300 Mna
0b > 300 Mna
(hHoweHHe palI)t1tca rM6KH K TOJ1U4HHC MaTcpKana
.no 1..5
CBLlllie I.S
) .S 3,0
CBblllle 3.0
npeAenLHbIe OTKnOlleHHJI no yrny mCSKH
1J.oIO
o.S
J,O
2,0
3,0
O
O,S'
IS'
Ie 00'
2° 30'
IS' 10' 20'
30' 20' 45'
I cIS' 1 0 30' 1°4S'
3° 00' 3 fJ OO' 3 0 30'
IS' 10' 20'
IS' 10' 20'
30' 20' 30.
1 0 15' I D IS' 1 0 30'
2°30 2°30 3 Q OO
10-20
0,5
1.0
2.0
3,0
4..0
O.S"
U 51'
10'
I I) 00'
2 tJ OO

226
npoOOJUCeHue
Gb < 300 Mna
0b > 300 MIla
I1HTepB anLI
lJ)lIiH MeHlUlleA
C1'OpoHLI yrna, MM
T OJlWMlla
Ma-.rcpHana.
MM
OI'HoweHHe p3J1Hyca m6J01 J( TOnlltHHe MaTepHana
JlO I.S
caJ.lwe 1.5
I.S ...3.0
calwe 3.0
llpe,aenldlJ,le ()TKJIOHeHIIJl no yrJ1Y nt6J01
0.5 0.5' IS' 10' 20.
t ,u 0,,5 J IS' IU' 20'
2,0 10' 25' IS' 30'
3.0 1 0 00' leiS' 1° IS" 1 0 30'
4,0 2 c 00' 2 0 30' 2° 30' OO'
O.S O.S' IS' 10' 20'
1.0 0.5' IS. 10' 20.
2.0 0,5' IS' 10' 20'
3.0 0.5' IS' 10' 20'
4,0 lU' 20' 20' 30'
O,S 0.5' IS' 10' 20.
I.Q 0,5' IS' 10' 20'
20 0.5' IS' 10' 20'
3,0 0.5' IS' 10' 20'
4,,0 10' 20' 20' 30.
20-40
40 - 100
CeLIUIe J 00
15.2.2.05. Pa3Mepw 01TH6aeMIiX OOprOB npHHHMaIOTCSI:
HaH60JIhillHH - h < 0,8 HA
H3HMeHbWHH - h =- R + S
me HA - BNCOT3 ACT3JIH, UM
R - paAHYC rH6XH, MM;
S - TOJIHa MaTCpHaJla, MM.
lI,eTaJlH C pa3MepaMH OOprOB 6o.nhme YKa3aHHHX nOJl)"lalOT B mTat.tnax co cnelUl3JlbHOH 3Jl3CTHilHOH DOJIymlCoH
(Ma..pHneit) .
15..2..2..06. npe.AeJlbHlJle OTKJlOHeHH)I YTOHeHHjI. YWHpeHHJI H CYJlCCHIUI B 30He OlCpyrneHIUI eTaJleA c yrJJQM rH6a 90 ·
AOnJICHO COOTBCTCTBOB3Th TaW.. 160.
nptt...e'l8H"U= 1.. nHtthIe . u6mnte 3Jt&hIoUI yroue"". cy*eHHSI M )'WMpeHHJI "HhI  A C IUHpMltoA O11'tI&eMhIX 6o)JrOI6anee 3 MM.
2. IlaH60nbwHe 3H8I1eHHIl COOTBeTCTBYIOT NaTepHBJI8.M C OTHOCHTeJlbHLlN YAJlHHeHHeM 0  2S %" H8I1MeHltmHe 3H8qeHMR ---=. cO < 2S %.
3. npee.JIhHhlC OTKJIOHeHH pancepoB eT8JlcA ADn*HhI Y1UfTWUTlt YWHpeHMe . 3QHe nc6a..
Ta6J1MQa 160
YTOHeHHe
YWHpeHHe WHpHHLI nOJlKH. CY)lCeHHe
R
S
B % OT YOnnuwLI
Halt MeHYllee
HaHOO1JN1Jee
HaHMeHYIlee
HaH60nWlee
1(02
Ce W1.1Ie 2
16.0
12 1 0
2U.0
16 J 5
11,0
8,0
13,5
10,S
15.2.2..07. T01lH0CTb pasuepoB 3JleMeJI1'OB uJXKl>H.1J)I m)'Tlix AeTaJIeA (pac. 318) npHBeJleH3 B Ta6J1. 161.
OnurOHCHH)I conpBraeMIJIX paSMepoB CJJeJQ'eT H33HaIJaTh no 13-14 KBaJlHTeT3M; OTKJIOHeHH)I HeconpBraeMHX pa3-
NCpos - no 14 H 15 KBaJlHTeT3u.
T8 finHQa 161
3neMeHI'h1 npoHJIR. ntYTWX JJ.eTaJleA
TOnlUHH8 MaTepHan8
A
Hn
h
npeAenhHwe O'TKDOHetnul
1(0 1.0
1.0  I.S
1,5-2..0
2,0- 3.0
HI0, Hll
Hl1,H12
Hll. HI2
H12. H13
HII, HI2
Hll, HI2
H12, HI3
H13. H14
h12.h13
h13, h14
hl4"hlS

221
15.2.2.08. AJUI YBeJlHlIeHmI croAKOCTH nOJlHYpeT3HOBOii IIOlIYWXH roDp":lCeHH)I nOBepXHOCTeA CJleJQ'eT BhlIIOJIH5ITh
nJlaBHblMH (pHC. 319).
15.2.2.09. lliHpHH3 3J1acTH'IHOro 6J1DKa AOJlJICH3 f)YT& B 2-3 pa3a OOJIbWe WHpH KOHT3KT3 DyaHCOH3 C a,-raCTHII-
v ...
ROM nOJJ:ymKOH.


1)J.1C 318
Plte 319
15.2.2.10. IH6KY c oROBpeMeHROii BI>lpy6KoH npoH3BODHTh npH OTHomeHHH :iJ > 8 (pHC. 320).
e
A
'\I)


it.
Puc. 320
PMc.321
15.2.3. TeXHH..eCKHe Tpe60BaHHA K npoQeccy HSrOTOBJleHH)I neTaneH 4M>PMOBKH
15.2.3.01. (!>0pMoBKa ooecne'QHBaer K81leCTBeHHOe BhlDOnHCHHe 3J[eMeHTOB AeTaJI'H H3 MeT3JIJ1a TOJlDlHHOA no 2 MM C
OTHOCHTeJJbHHM YAJIHHeHHeM CBlJlme 7 %.
15.2.3.02. n"eJI B03MOJICHOCTH Ae4>oPMaQHH M3TepH3Jla S3 OHY on'-panHIO oneJUlTh HS COOTHOmCHHjI
11"410 "100% < 0.75 < 15-18%
re 11 -lUIJIH3 M3TepHMa DO BH6paHHOMY celleHHIO (pHC. 321) nOCJle 4MJpMOBkH, MM;
I{) - A1IHHa TOro )ICe Y1laCTKa AO 4MJpMOBKH. MM;
d - OTHOCHTeJIbHoe YlVIHHeHHe MaTepH3Jl3 7 %.
T a fi nit..... 162
3neMeHTLI pep )l(eCTKOClH
MaTepHaJI
OrHOC"TeJlhHOe
YAJ'IIfHCHHC 010. %
, R
-
S h
1.7-2,9 0.6
1,5-2,8 0.7-1,0
2,8 4.0 OJS
0,8-4.0 I.Q
Cra11H 1'Bep.uwe
CeLlwe 10
Cranlt MJJrKlie
CnnaOLI "IMTanOBwe
no9
l.)IJIaB1 8J1IOMHHHeBLIC

228
15.2.3.03. OmocHTeJI:bHlie paSMepbl pe6ep )l(ecTKOCTH Kpyrnoro CeqeHHjI C )"IeTOM IIJIaCTlf1lHOCTH M3TepH3.1I8 npH-
BeneRY B TOOJl. 163.
T 8 fi n If Q a 163
HaHMeHOB3HKe
MaTe pH8J1a
CxeMa OpMOBI(If
npJlM8J1 06paTHaJl
,./R R/h ,./R R/h
0.6-0,9 0.7-1.3 0.4-0.6 1.2 -I ,,6
0.4-0.5 O.6-0 7 0.2-0,3 0.8-0,9
0.8-1,0 1.8 0.6-0.8 2.0
0,8-1.0 I.S O,6-08 1,8
CranK
OIj]aBLI
8JIIOMHHHeBbIe
QrnaBhI
THTaHOBhle
QrnaBLI
ManreBIde
1
A,A
A-A
' .":;srl
111
a
ta
Rt
fi
PHC. 322
MHHHM3JIhHllle P3JU1YChI pe6ep ecn:OCTH Kpyrnoro celle (pRC. 322, 323) CJIe;u'eT npHHHM3Th:
z-I.5S." R -2S: RI -3S; R2-5S.
15.2.3.04. Pa3Mephi pe6ep JKecTKOCTH (pRc.322) R8SHaIJaThC Y1leTOM TaM. 162.
15.2.3.05. BeJm1.lHHa YTOHCHHjI M3TepHaJla B MeCTax pe6ep eCTKOCTB H BH.AaBOK I13XOHTCJI B enax 10-15 %
OT HcxolI,HoA TOJIIltHHIi.
15.2.3.06. OTKJIOHeHHjI pa3Mepo8 pe6ep ecTJ(OCTH cocr8BJUleT:
:t 0.5 - Ha BIJICOTy hi, MM;
:t 1,5 - Ha HYCH r H R, MM:
+ 3,0 - H8 A1IHHY 12, MM.
,
npHl'-i'laHHe. npee.JIhHhlC OTlUloHeHHK.ltpoNe O11UIOHeHHII BWCOTW. »HW Will HHCTJ)yMeHT81f Kompomo He DOAJ'ICJICAT.
15.2.3.07. npH 4M>PMoBKe pe6ep ecncOCTH no DpDfoA cxeMe pacno.naraTb HX or KpaJi saroroBICH He 6.11H:Ke 100 MM
HJIH npeA}'CM3Tp'HBaTh npHOYCK H8 OOpe3JCY, paBHlllii 10 MM H3 cropoay.
15.2..3..08. npH 4JopMoBKe pe6ep JlCeCTKOCTH no oopaTHoii cxeMe AonYCTBMaii rny6HHa 4M>PMOBlCH AOJIZH3 COOTB eTCT-
BOBaTb:
Ur
OB < 0,35 rny6HH3 hI - 0,45 D;
: = 0.35 - 0.50 1'J1y6HH8 hi - 0,35 D; A I-
: > 0,50 I'JIy6HH8 hi - 0.20 D. R1
re hi - rny6HH3 4M>PMOBKH, MM; Puc 323
D - HaMerp 4MJpMOBKH, MM.
15.2.3.09. OPMOBKY BhlnYJUlHX HAAlIHceii. cxeM '1ePTeeii, PHCYHKOB H SHaKOB npoH3BOAHTh Ha IIJIaCTHlIHhlX Ma-
TepHaJIaX C nenOM npoqHOCTH OB > 400 MTIa; TOJIIIIHHOA 0,05-1.0 MM DpH .QaBJIeHH)lX 5-100 Mfla.
15..2.3.10. PaSMeplJI BaBOK, nOlCa3aHHIIIX H3 pHC. 322a, D:Q1I;ICHIJI COOTBeTCTBOB3Tb:
hI « 1,5 -2,0)S;
,.- (1,0 - 1,5> S;
'2 = 3hl.
.
a> 15-20 G.
P.a1Mepy BHl(8BOK, nOX3S3HHHX H pue. 3226, JtOJlHhI COOTBeTCnOB3Th:

229
hI <2,OS
,. (018 -I,O)S
Rl ==(3,0 -4,0)S
Pa3Mepli BliJXa80K KpyrJloro CC'leHHI AOJIIHN COOTleTCTBOBaTh:
r- (2,0-5,0) S
R. - (5,0 - 15,0) S
B- (10,0 - 25,0) S
hI - (5,0 - 15,0) S
15.2.3.11. Pa360proBK)' OTBepcTHA MOmiO npoH3BO,znITb C ONfOspeMeHHOi npOOHBKoA npH YCJlOBHH H - R, S < 1,0 MM.
npH paaoopTOBke KpyrJlOro ICOHTYpa TOJlII\HHOH M3TepHaJIa OOnee 1,0 MM C npeBapHTeJlJJHO OTKplJlThiM OTBepcTHeM
He06xoaHMO npHMeHilTb TeXHOJIOrHlIecKHe npolC.1laJ{KH (pRC. 322a). l{RaMeTp TeXHOJIOf'H'IecJCoA npolCJlaAKB npHHHM8Th
paBIIYM 1,5 DOTfS. neJlhH3)1 TOJIIQHHa TexHOJIol'H'IecJCoA npolCJlaJllQl  6HTb (0,5-1,0) S. AJUI TeXHOJlOrH'Ie-
CKmc npoXJIaJIOK Ue.nec00C5pa3HO npHMeHfih 60JIee lVIaCTH'IHwA: M3TCpH8JI.
PHC_ 324
15.2.3.12. Pa360proBIC}' HapYJkBoro ICOHTYpa peKOMeHJUlg DJ]OH3BtW1Th 3J1acTH1III1D1 nyaHCoHoM (pac. 324).
npH pa360PTQBKe HapYJDloro ICOHTYpa MeT3JIJIHqecxHM nyaHCOHoN er DyCMaTpHB8Th TeXHOJIOrll'lecKHH
npHDyCK C DOCJIIOm;eA en> OOpe3KOI. BenaqHHa nptmyCIC3 DOJIRa 611111» He Meaee 10,0 S, HO He MeHce 5 JIM.
15.2.3.13. Blicor8 pa300prOBICH HapYJEHoro IC.0HTYpa AOJIBa 61iTh He Meaee (3-) S.
15.2.3.14. npH Ha3Ha1leHHH pa3MepoB pa300pTOBICH . eT3JIX CJIe;u'eT )"IHTHBaTb .QOnyCTHMYIO crenem ecIx>pMa-
nHB llpeAeJlhHOro KO**UHeHT3 paDproBICH, DpHBHHOro B TaM. 164.
T a6J11t Qa 164

S
100 50 35 20 15 10 8 6,3 5 3 .
CreneHL L\eopNatUtH K
0.70 0.60 0,52 0,45 0,40 0.36 0,33 OJ31 0.30 0.25 0.20
07S 0.65 0,51 0,52 0,48 0,45 0 1 44 0,43 0,42 0.42
O1oco6
H3roTQBneHHJI
OTBe pCI'M JiJ
CeepneHHe"'38'DfCTKOI
yceHueB
npo6}011(II B WI8MJ1e
Ta fin M...._ 165
Tonl.l.tHHa MaTepHana. NM
MaTepH3J1
0.1
0.2
0.3
O.S
0.8
1.0
1.5
MHHHMa.J1W1We JJ,IIaMeTpbl OTOOPTOBBHHWX oTBepCI'MA. MM
anhtn8TYHL.cnnaBw
a11JOMHHHeBLle
Me.o.h. anlOMHHHA
2.8
2,8
3,0
3,,2
3.S
3.8
5,0
6.0
5.5
6,0
7,0
7,0
8.5
8,0
15.2.3.15. MHRRMaJI1JHWe paAHyCY pampTOBItH OJIRH COOTBeTCTBOB3T&:
I1J1aCTB'IIIJd MaTepaan cd> 25 % - R2 - 1,0 S;
MaJlODJI3cra'lHIJIH MaTepaan cd = (10--25) % - R 2 = 1,5 s;
npoqlUJlH NarepHaJI cd < 10 % - R:J, = 2,2 s.
15.2.3.16. MHHHMaJlJ.HHe 3HaqeHHJI paDpTOB8IIIIKX onepcrH.i. CJl.CJQ'eT npHHHMaTb corJlaCHO TaM. I«iS.

230
15.2.3.17. npH C08MetneHHH onepaHii pa300proBKH e onepaA np06HBICH OTBepCTHR no pas60proBKY pac1leT
JIaBJIeHHjI npoH3BOAHn no onepalJ,llH pa300proBKH.
npH COBMelQeRHH onepaUHH 4JoPMOBICH e onepanHeA BlJlpy6KH p3C1leT A3BJ1eHKK npoH3BOHTh no onepanHH BlJlpy6-
ICH.
15.2.4.. TexHM1Iecme Tpe60B8HHA K npoeccy H3rOTOBJleHHA aJleH pa3A8QeA
15.2.4.01.. Do H36eHHe 38BOpallHBaHHJI BepxHeA 'I8CTR creHICR BOBHyTpb pa3allY nOJloA :qHJIHpHqeaoA saro-
TOBKH c TOJJ1ItHHOH creHJCR .QO 1,5 MM n))OH3BO,QHTh nOC'Jle npeBapHTenhRoro pacmHpeHHJI BepxHero KpaJi saroroBKH
(pile. 325)..
15.2.4.02. OHeHH1I JUlaMeTpa JleTueA. DOJIy1IaeMhIX pa3'1eA H 06KHMoM, H83Ha'l3Tb no 13-14 KBaJlHTeT3M
T01JHOCTH.
OrKJlOHeHBlI HeconpeMWX pa3MepoB Ha3H3"1l8'D no 13-14 ICBaJlHTeTal!f.
15.2..4.03. 3aroTOBKY t DOJIyqeHlfYlO 8HTJatKoH, nepeA pa3'1eA B cnyqae He06xoHMOCTH CJIeT TepMll'lCCDI 06-
pa60TaTb AJI CIUITKJI BHyrpeHHHX H3npJlJlteHHH, Bli3B3HHYX nIneA ApMaItHeA.
15.2.4.04. An- npe.nOTBpaeHHJI 06pasoBaHH)I nonepellHblX CICJIMOK 3J1acTH'lHHH nyaHcoH He06xoAHMO CMa3HBaTh.
PHC. 325
15.2.5. TexHHllecKHe Tpe60BaHHJI K npoccy H3roTOBJleHH. JJ.eTaJleii BliT.KEG"
III'
110 .ecTKOH MaTpHe 3J1aCTH'lHYM nyaHcoHoM
15.2.5.01. HaHMeHbWHe p3.nHyCY conpJlJlteRHii MeJl(J:{y JIHOM H CTeHKoH. MeJl(J:{y $naHQeM H CTemcoi UpHBeAeHH B
Ta6JJ. 166.
TafiJlHQ8 166
Me HOM H crCHKOM
Me1lQ1.Y naHl1eM H creHKOtl
MapKa MaTepHBJ18
PaJ1HYC ronpJI:>KeHHg
MaPK8 MaTepliana
PaJ1HYC ronpJlJlCeHHJi
(HaHMeHWDlIt)
CranL
08I<n.IOKl1,ISJ<n
10.15.20.25.30
X13. X18HIOT
6sr.60C2A
AMu AMr6
(3-4)8
48
(7 - 8)5
(1012) S
3S
Clan.
081<11. 1 Ukn, IS J(O
0.1,0.2.Cr.3
X13, X18HIOT
AMn. AMr6
)116
TI63. n68
4S
68
88
3S
SS
58
15.2.5.02. BeJIH1IHHa A$pMaHH 3Jl3CrHlIHOro (UOJIHYpeTaHOBoro) nyaHcoHa-KOJIbna He 1I0J1ZRa ;t n 50-
60%.
npH r.nyOOKOH B..TilJlCKe HcnOJlb30BaTh aa60p KOJIe, YBCJlHQHB3)1 BIiCOTy nyaHcoHa no Mepe YBeJIHlIeHHtI rny6HHhI
BblTjIXH.
15.2..5.03. .lln.sr CTa6HJ1H3altHH npoQecca 8HTJIICH H yMeHhmeRH pa3HOTOJIlItHHHOCTH He06xQAHMo YBeJlHlIHBaTh
celUleHHe 3aroTOBKH C 3JJaCTH'IIWM (DOJIHyper,aHOBHM) KOJIb1\OM, HCnOJIb3Y)l nopomOK 1C3HH4JO;tR, H yllleHbmHTh Tpe-
HHe Mey 3aroroBICoH H MeT3.1IJIH'IecKOA MaTpHQeA nOCpeACTBOM CMa3KH .saroroBKH H MaTpHIi.
CMa3ICY H3HOCHTb a8 nOBepXHGCTh sarcrroBDI, KOHTaKTHpylO e MeTaJlJIHtleckOH pa60QeA &JaCThlO.. nOBepxHOCTb
33roTOBKH, KOHT8ICTilpylOIQa)l C 3J1acTHQHOI ncmymKoH (HHCTpYMeHTOM), AOJJHa OCTaBaTbC cyxoA II lIHcroA, JlH60
npHl1YAPHBaThC nopomlCOM K8HHfjx>JlH. 3J1acrH1IaylO DOl{ymICY nepHOH1fecKH fipoTHpaTb 6eH3HHOM linK 6eH3HHOM-
paCTIlOpHTeJleM.
npH BblTUtKe AeTaJleA npH .l{3IUIeHHH CBHlIIC 100 Mila pekOMeH.AYeIU npHMelUlTb CMa3KH C nOBlmIeHHIiM o 50 %)
ro.AepaHHeM rpa4>BTa II.
PeKoMeHJIyeMhle COCT3BhI CMa30K npHBe.aeHY B Ta6JI. 167.

231
T a fi JI M Q. 161
HaHMellOBaHHe (oJJ,epiKaHlte
MaTepHana COCTas CMa30K rOCT HnH TY I<OMJ10HeHTOB
no Becy %
CranL MaJIoyrncpo- MaCJ10 HUM crpHan1JlOe 20 rOCT 20799-75 43
s:\Hcrag )fWPbl )l(HBOTHIaJe TeXHHIECKHe rOCT 1045-75 8
rHT II rocr 829573 15
KHcnOTa oneHHOBaR rOCT 10475-75 8
CBpe H3Menl..qeHHag TY MXn-OIIJ-131-55 5
MIJ1o x03JIACIlIeHHoe Tse p.a.oe rocr 790-69 6
DolJ,3 TeXHKIEC1<8J1 rOCT 2874-73 15
Cranl.. He p)KaBelO- rpaHT II rOCT 8295 -7 3 15- 25
Il13R Dona TeXHKIfeCKaH rOCT 2874-73 75-85
AnJOMHHHA: H ern MaCJ10 IiIl,LlY C'.cpHaJILHOe 20 rOCT 20799- 75 80-90
CIUIam1 rpaWHT II roCT 8295-73 10-20
J1aTYH) MeJ1h, MhlllO X03JiJlcrBeHHOe rocr 790-69 6-10
6poH38 DOj\a TeXHHIECKaJl rOCT2874-73 90-94
HKKCflh H ern 3Mynboon rOCT 1975-75 100
cnJ1aBLI
TafinM....a 168
----........--------
MapKa npe,nenLH3R npe,aellJ.H&lA TOJ1UU1Ha MHHHMaJlWIWA
MaTe pHan MaTepHana rny6HH8 Kv34J4-HUHeHT 98.I'OTOBKH paJ1HYC 98.KPYI'-
BbITR)k}(H nCHHJI c)ma.
MM
Cran. 081<n,. 10Kn, 1.00 O..S 0 0,50 4.00
XI8HYP 0.85 O,S5 0.50 8,00
AnIOMHHHA H AMu. 0.75 0.60 IOO 2.00
CIUIaBLI AMr6,. )116 {),53 0.65 1.00 2.00- 3.00
15.2.5.04. npH BWTlCe no ecTlCoA MaTpHQC 3JI8CTH'IHHM (nOJlHyperaHoBIiM) nyaHcoHoM C npeBapRTe1lhHOA
BIipy&cOH 3aI'OTOBKH s3yceHHIJ,hI a8 IIOCJIe.QHeA He onyclCalOTCs.
15.2.6. TexHH'Iecnte Tpe60B8HHII I npoeccy H3roTOBJleHH. _eTaJleA BYTimXOH
v v
no ZecTKOMY nyaacoHY 3JJaCTHlfHOH MaTpHQeH
15.2.6.0 I. MHHHMaJlhHIJIH HYC MeJl(J:{y AHOM H CTeHKOii AQJ1eH 6..,.., He MeHee 2; ICOHCfPYKTHBIIIIIC 3J1eMeHTbI Ae-
Ta.neA npHBeJleHhI B TaM. 168.
15.2.6.02. npH BHT)l1ICICe ecTlCHM nyaHcoHoM B 3JIaCTH1IRoi MaTpHU;e BO u36ezaHHe rocI>p006pa30B3RIUI Ha $1IaHU. e
H CTeHICe AeT8J1II He06xoHMo npHMeHJlTb npJatHM.
15.2.6.03. npH BhlTJlJltKe no ecrxOMY nyaHCO&y YBBBeHoA DOJIHyperaHoBoH MaTpHeA C BOJJYS3MKHJTYM
06beMOM c npeBapHTHoH BIJlpy6ICOH 3aroTOBKH BeJIK1IHHa O,QHOCT'OpoHHero npHnYCKa AOJIJKHa COCT3BJ1i1Th He MCRee
Sh t r h - paccroKHHe or KpoMICH BYpy6HOro m3MOH8 AO nOBepXRO(:TH lIOJIIIyperaHa.
15.2.7. TeXHH1IecIlle Tpe60B8 HH A K npou.eccy H3roTOBJleHHA JJ.eTaJIeH peBepcHBHoH BblT..KOH
15.2.7.0 I. rOOMeTpH)I .uMHma AOJI)ka3 06ecneIlHB3Th:
LI - 0.97 La
l'Ae LI - AJlHH3 pa3BepTICH noc.ne nepBoro nepexoa, MM;
 - AJlHHa pa3Bep1'KH BhlTJlHyroA ACTaJlH. MM.
15.2.7.02. OrKJIOHeHHK paSMepoB 3JleMeHTOB KOHTYpa AeTaJleA (HclmlO'IaJl BYcory) H33H3'13IOTCSI B S3BHCHMOCTH OT
xapaXTepa COe.QHHeHHjI AeTaJlH:

232
conpBraeMHe pa3MeplJl - no 10-16 lCBaJlHTeT8M;
Heconp)l('3eMHe pa3MepY - no 14-16 KBaJlHTeTaM.
OncJJOHeHiU pa3MepoB BHCOTIII H33aaqaTb AIf)l eT3JJeA:
6e3 Ha, 6e3 nOCJleA 00pe3ICH - no 15-17 KIIaJlHTer3M;
c HM H C nOCJIIqeA 00pe3KOH - no 12-15 kBaJlHTeTaM.
15.2.7.03. nenbHble 0TICJ10HeHHJI J)3.AHyCOB NUl AeTaJleii, H3roT3BJlHBaeMhlX B mT3Mne C ecTKHM nyaHcoHOM H
3Jl3CTH'IROH MaTpHeA, H33H3'13Th no Ta6J1. 169.
Ta6J1HQa 169
J.1HTepHaJlld npeenWlwe OTKnOHeHHJI, MM
HOMHHaJIWlLIX
pa.JMe poB p8.AHYca Me1lg1y AHOM H creHKOI p8J];Hyt3 Me 4tnaHueM H CTeHKOI
H)'roB
(1B <; 300MI1a 300> 0'8 > 550MI1a DB <; 300Mna 300>>.550Mna
1...3 0.25 0,40 1.35 2.S0
3.--6 0.30 0,48 1 1 80 2,75
6...10 0.36 0.S8 2.25 3.25
10...14 0.40 0.65 2.S0 3,50
14--.18 0,43 0.70 2.70 3.65
18...24 0.50 0.75 3.10 4.00
24...30 0.52 0,84 3.15 4.30
30...40 0,57 0.90 3.55 5.25
40.. .50 01162 1.00 3.75 5,55
50...65 0.6. 1.10 4.25 6.S0
65--.80 0.74 1,20 4.S0 6.85
80...100 0.82 1.30 .5.10 7.95
100- 120 0,87 1,40 5.2S 8.25
T a fi n M .... a 170
HHTCpBaJIhi npeAenWlwe OTKnOHeHHJI" MM
HO MHHaJlWlIdX
p8]MepoB pa.o.Hyca Me HOM H CTeHKOI1 pa..D;ltyca Me-.ay cJmBHIteM H CTeHK()A
p8.AHyCOB
0B <; 300MIIa 300>UB>550Mna DB <; 300Mna 300>OB >550MI1a
I. ..3 1.35 2.S0 0.25 0.40
3. ..6 1.80 2.75 0.30 0,48
6.--10 2.25 3.25 0.36 0.58
10...14 2.50 3.S0 0.43 0,60
14...18 2.70 3.65 0,43 0.70
18...24 3.00 4.15 0,47 0.80
24...30 3.15 4.30 0.52 0.84
30--.40 3.50 5.30 0.60 0.90
40...50 3.75 5,55 0.62 1.00
50...65 4.35 6.70 0.70 1.10
65-- .80 4.50 6.85 0.74 1.20
80...100 5,10 8.00 0.80 1.30
100-120 5.25 8.25 0,,87 1.40
15.2.7..04. nenbHhle OTKnOHeHHJI paQHYCOB A1I AeTilJleA, H3rOT3BJIIIB8eMhlX B mTaMOaX c ecrKOH MaTpHl.leA H
3J1acTH1fIiM nyaHcoHOM. npHBel1eHY B TaM. 170.
15.2.7.05. B eTaJlj(X, BhlTjlHyTHX B mT3Mnax c npHMeHCHHeM IIOJIHYpeTaHa, H3 BepTHKaJlbHIJIX CTeHKax AonYClCaeT"
CR ICpHBOJIHHeHHOCTb He 6Mee 0.5 S.
15.2.7.06. H3HMeHIJma. TOJIIIHHa M3TepH3Jla BliTlIHYTliX AeT3JJeA AOJI;Qia ()h1Th He MeHee 0.7 S.
15.2.8. TeXHHQecate Tpe60BaHHJ[ K OCHaCTKe
15.2.8.01. !{e4xJPM3ItHJ( 3Jlac'rH'lHOH noymlCH HeAOJl)l(H3 npeBliID3Th 30 %.
15.2.8.02. IlITaMnhl AOJIIHH HMeTh UpenOXpaHHTeJlhHhle ycrpoHCTBa.
15.2.8.03. IlIT3NIIH, paOOT31OHe npH .QaBJIeHHSlX o 40 MOa, HMelOHe S3S0p AD 0,2 MM Hit CTOpoHY, AonYCKaeTCR
H3fOTaBJIQB3Tb 6e3 H3npaBJIIOHX KOJIOHOIC. npH H3roTOBJJeHHH mTaMna 6e3 HanpaBJIRJOIQHX KOJIOHOK H3 KOHTeAHepe
BynOJlHJlTb 4HtClCH 3)(30 · JIJIH 5)(30 · .

2JJ
15.2.8.04. IIIT3MDH, npCHa3Hal.JeHHble lVIJi pa6crrY CpH l1aBJJeHHgX 60nee 30 Mna, BlifiOJlHIlTh C 33MKHYThiM OObe-
MOM 3JlaCTHQHOH nomICH.
15.2.8.05. PaclieT 1C0HTeHHepoB Ha npollHOCTb 06J133TeJleH.
15.2.8.06. npH paCqeTHOM J:1aBJlCHHH ooJlee 200 Mna peICOMelfJlYeTCJI H3roTOBJlJlTh ICoHTeHHepM MHOlOCJlOMHWMH.
15.2.8.07. KOHTeHHep 33KanHBaTh He .ROnYClCaeTCjI. ECJlH lCoHTeiiHep MHOrocJIOHHblH t He AonYCKaeTCjI 3aKaJlHBaTh
HapYX:HyA CJlOH. 1i3RYraBJIHBaTh KOHTeAHep CBapHWM He l10 n YC lC aeTCjI.
15.2.8.08. 1i3lmaBJIHBaTh KOHTeAHepw C pe3ICHMH nepeXOAaMH 3J1eMeHTOB BlfYTpeHHeA DOJIOCTH. 6e3 HYCOB
ClCpyrJleHHlI He l10nYCKaeTc.
15.2.8.09. HaPY:KHYA CJlOH B MHOroc.nOHHWX ICoHTeAHepax CJlelU'eT H3roTaBJlHBan H3 HHCTpYMeHT8JlhHNX CTaJleH.
15.2.8.10. Bwpy6Hwe 1DT3M1I1i NOryr H3roTaBJJHllan.cJl C HenOBHJlCHHIM 1C0HTeAHepoM H C nBHJltHWM 1C0HTeHHe-
poM (o6oHMOH). B mT3Mnax C nOBHHhlM KOHTeAHepoN MOJICHO WTaMnOBaTh l1eTaJIH H3 nOJlOCli TOJIII(HHOH AO 0,5 MM.
15.2.8.11. nJlOCKHA ooex H3roT3BJJHllan -113 )'J'JlepoJlHCTIIIX CTueA. TepMoo6paOOraHHYx AO TBepOCTIl HRC 3
45...55.
15.2.8.12. KOHTeiiHepw H3 npoK3T3 C1Iecoo6pa3Ho H31'OTOBJIJITh 38 oo enoe C HHHeii DJIHTOii, anHTHe KPYOHo-
raOOpHTHHe ICOHTeAHepH H3mTOBJlIITh IteJI})HhlMH C HH1tHeA WlHTOI. B OCTaJlbHWX CJlyqagx KOHTeAHep BhlOQJIHwrb OT-
l1eJ1bHO C IJJIHTaMH H KpenHTh BIIHT3NH.
15.2.8.13. 3J1aCTH'lHY1O nomKY H3l'OTaBJIHBaTh DO pa3MepaM KOHTeAHepa C H3TJlI'OM H3 CTOpoHY 0,4-0,8 MM H
npH c60plCe 3anpecco.HBan B KOHTeHHep.
15.2.8.14. B xOHTeAHep IIOJ{ 3J18CTH1fHYIO nOl{ymKY He06xoHMO CT38HTh IIOJ{KJlaJ{Hy1O IL1IIITY H3 KOHcrPYKQHOHROH
CTaJIH TO.1IHHoH: 8-15 MM.
npHNella HH e. noAtUJ8AHa. IIJIHT8 npeI3HaqeHa Jt1I 3.l.NeHW DD1IHJPeTaaa H II 3aTeXaHHJI n01lH)'peTaHa B 383(1) Me*J:O' KOH-
yeiiHepoM M HM.MeA RnHTOA:.
15.2.8.15. B mTaMne C nOBHHIiM ICOHTeHHepoM nOBepXHOCTh nOJlHyper3H3 AOJIJltH3 6wTh HH_e nOBepXHOCTH ICOH-
TeiiHepa H8 I NMt 3 nrrOCKHH OOex nepelCpHBan ero H3 20-30 MM H3 C1OpoHY.
15.2.8.16. B mTaMne c noltBHXHIiM KOHTeii:HepoM npyxHHwl(OJlXHhl6wTh npeBapHTeJI"HO nOxaTW l1JU1 npen-
OTBpalQeHHlI BH1eIC3HHJI nOJlHypeTaHa Ney OOHICOM H KOHTeitaepoM.
15.2.8.17. Pa3MepH Moxa lVIJi rH6KH B mT3Mne C 33MICHYTblM 06beMoN OJI]lCHHI COOTB CT(.III OBan ra6apHTM aera-
JlH, paSMepH CMeHHWX pa60'lHX qacreH - pa3MepaM OKH3 KOHTeHHepa.
CMcHHwe pa60qHe 1l8CTH - raoollHwe nyaHCOHY H MaTpHqH - l1O.11J1CHHI BHnOJIHIITIICSI B 33BHCHMOCTH OT KOHcI>Hry-
palUlH I'HYTOIl1eTaJlH C YlleTOM nPY:KHHeHH H ynpyroA crmallH npH rH6Ke.
15.2.8.18. C%>HKCHpYIOUJ;He 3J1eMeHTY H3 CMeHHWX pa60qHx 1.IaCTJlX lP1I&HW BblnOJlHRTK .nBYX THnOB:
B .e yrny6JIeHHA, BWeMOK, BlIICTynoB, onepcTHH H JlB1UIThCS 3JJeMeH'fOM paOO1leH qacTH;
B B}I.Ae wTHcProB, J1J13HOK H 61iTh CMeHHYMH.
15.2.8.19. B mT3Mnax C nOJlY33MKH)'TNM 06beMoM:
WlHH8 nyaHcoHa OJJJKH3 6b1Th paSHa JVlHHe OICHa 1C0HTeHHepa;
BHCOTa nyaHroH3 BMecre C BHCOTOH nY3HCOHOJ{epaTe.rr..g l10JDtH3 6wn paSHa JVlHHe OkHa ICOHTeAHepa;
BHCOTa M3TpHqJ.I H3 nOJIHyper3H3 l1OJ1JKHa f)YTh paBH3 TpeXKpaTHOH rny6HHe BHe;JpeHHSI nyaHcoHoB B aeT3.nb.
15.2.8.20. BHYTpeHHlO1O DORepxHOCTb IIYT5IXHOH MaTpHnhl H31UT3BJ1HB3n no pa3MepaM BblTjlHYTOA C mepoxoBaTO-
CTbJO nOBepXHOCTH Ra - 0,32 MM.
nepeTJlJKHOH p3.AHYC M3TPHQbI BWnQJIHJlTb no peKONeaIUtJlM lVIJi mTaMfiOB 06wIIHOro HcnOJIHeHHJI.
15.2.8.21. .QaBJIeHHe npHJltHMa .QOJIJltHO peryJlHpoB3TbCJI H COCTaBJIIiTIl (0,05-0,10) p, re P -l1aBJIeHHe BhlTJlJKICH.
15.2.8.22. By4Jep npHIHMa pelCoMeCTCJI H3ror3BJIHBan H3 nOJlHypeTaH3 M3poK CKY-7R H CKY-ncI>JI. Jlony-
CKaeTCjI npHMeHllTh nPYHHW.
15.2.8.23. npHM H3roTaBJIHBan HS yr.neponHCTliX aaneli C TepM006pa6crrKoi HRC 3 30.. .40.
15,.}.8.24. B CJlyllae He06xoJ{HMOCTH B ICallecTBe KOMneHC3TOpa JVlK CbeMa l1eTaneA peKDMeHJU'eTCjI npHMeHIITIJ no-
nHyper3HoBhle np()J(.1IMKH. HiIII6o.nbmee c-aTHe nOJlHYpeT3HOBWK npoK.TJanolC If 6Y4>ePOB AO 30 % TOJIHHY nOCJle;J;-
HHX.
TOJIWHHY npoucmKH HJlH f)y4Jepa onpelleJIliTh no c!x>pMyne:
h() = lp. 100
IHOMIi -Inp.
re lp - paooqHA xOJ{ CheMHHlCa HJlH nplfJltHMa, NM;
IHOMIi - H3H6onhmee CJlCaTHe nOJlHYpeTaH3 B npoqeHT3x OT TOJIll1l1HhI (peICOMeeTCjI He ooJlee 10-15 %).
15.2.8.25. YCHJlHe, pa3BHBaeMoe nOJlHypeTaHOBoA npoKJIMICOH H.1IH 6y4JePOM, onpelleJIliTh DO c!x>PMYJle
Pl-Pl.F
re PI - naBJleHHe npH CaTHH, Mna;
F - MOIU8.Ab npoKJIClnKH HJlH f)y4>epa, MM 2 .
3H311eHMe BeJJH'IHHhI AaBJIeHH B 38BHCHMOCTH OT l1e4>oPMaltHH H MapKH nOJIHype-raH3 npHBe;J;eHhI B TaM. 171.

234
Ta6.nHu.8 171
OrHocwreJIbHag ec)opNau.H.. % AaBJIefDIe, Mn.
CKY -nJI CKY-7JI
5 3.0.. .3.8 0.7
10 5,5.. a 6.5 1,3
1.5 9.0...10.8 2.1
20 11.9.. .13,5 2.7
25 14,8...16.7 3,3
30 16.8. . .20.5 4.1
15.2.9. THnOBbie TeXHOJlOntllecnte npo..eccy
15.2.9.\>1. TeXHQJIOrHllecKaJl noAJoraB U npoH3BO.D,crBa ):1eTaJleA (saroroBOK) B IDTaMDax c npHMeHeHHeM nOJIHYpe-
T8Ha BICJJ)OQaeT CJleJIYIODUIe 3T3DY:
rpynDHposaHHe ):1eTaJleii no KOHCTPYKTHBHhlM H TeXHOJIOrH1IeacHM npH3H3KaM;
onpeD.eJJeHHe cxeMW mT3unOBKH;
pac'leT He06xoRMoro ):1aBJIellH]J H YCIIJIIUI npecca;
Bbloop OOoPY):10BaHH;
onpeeJleHHe ODTHMaJlbHOro H360pa TeXHOJlOmllecKoii OCH3CfKH H npoeHHe HeOOxOJtHMYX paC1ieroB;
pa3paOOnca TeXHOJIOf'H1lecxOH ):10KYMeHTaHH.
15.2.9.02. OcHOBHHe TeXHOJIomileacHe CxeMH mT3MROIIICH npeliCTaPJleHW B TaM. 172.
15.2.9.03. OnpelleJIeHHe pa3MepoB H lij)ymx napaNeTpoB 3aroroBkH. ICOHCTPYICTHBHYX napaMeTpos TeXHOJlOrHlIe-
CKOH OCHaCTICH (KoHTeAHepoB, ma6noHoB. noJCH H3 nOJIHyper3H3, CMeHHYX paOO 1lHX 1J 8CTeii H T. n.), He06xQAHMoro
n3BJteRHSI H YCH.1IHJI npecca npoH3BOHTCJl DO peKOMeHJUIHM, npHBeeHHIiM :B COOTII ercrB YIOHX eJIax.
15.2.9.04. YCIIJIue npecca npR npoBeeHHH onepau.HA Bwpyf)ICH. np06HBkH onpellenjI no H3H6o.nbmeMY a8BJIe-
HHIO, paCcqHT3HHOMY NUl lCaoro 9JIeMeHT3 KOHTYpa aeT3JlH: H3PYJKHOro, :BHYTpeHHeJ'O, KpyrnwM H HeKpyrJIWM OT-
BepcTHjlM, na3aM H OKHaM. npH Bwpy6lCe aera.neA C M3JlHM nepHMeTpoN (J:{o ISH) aBJJeHHe CJleAYeT npHHHMaTb MeHb-
me paC'leTHblX. TalC KaK pa3;:1eJJeHHe MaTepHaJla H311HHaeTCjI c yrJloB 33roTOBKH npH A3BJ1eHHH MeHbwe paCIlCTHOro, a
CKaJlHBalOlQaJl TpelQHHa pacnpocrpaHj[eTCSI MrHOBeHHO B a6e cropoHW OT yrna H3 paCCTOJlHHH):10 (3-4) H., re H - BW-
COT3 maMoHa.
15.2.9.05. PaexpoH MaTepHa.1I3 npH H 3rOTO BJIeHHH l1eTaJleA :B mTaMnax C npliMeReHHeM nOJIHYpeTaH3 cneAYeT npo-
H3BOllH1D:
H3 33roTOBKY HHl(HBIf.AY3JlbHYIO;
H3 33roTOBICY NUl rpynlIH HOHMeHHHX ):1eTaJleA;
H3 33roTOBICY lVIJi rpynllH pa3HDHMellHhlx neTBJleii;
H3 33roTOBXY H3 nOJlOCli (neaTH).
PacKpoH H3 IIIQHBll.AYaJlbHYIO 33roTOmcy pelCOeTCjI npHMeHjlTb B CJI)"lae, Korlla HeB03MOJKHO HCnMb30BaTb
MOle c OOnbmoH IIJIO))IO nomlCH H3 nOJIHyperaHa.
nOJlocy peKOMeHJUeKjI npHMeWiTh npa HCDOJIh30B8HHH YHHBepcanbHhlX H cneqH8JIbHWX WTaMnOB JVlK Blipy6KH
):1eTaJleA H3 nMOCN, a TaKJlte COBMelQeHHHX mTaMnOB.
15.2.9.06. rH6kY AeTaJIeA CJ10JKHOH MH C HeclConhKJIMH m6aNH MOJitHO npoH3BO.D.HTb:
cnel..{.HaJlbHblM nyaHcoHoM 33 O;{HH xoJ:t npecca :B mmMne C 3aMICHYTHM 06beMOM;
nY3HCOHaNH npocroii 4KJpMbI 33 O;{HH HJlH Ba xoa npecca :B 1llT8NOe C DOJIY38MKHYThlM c6beMoM;
YHH8epcaJlhHYM nyaHcoRoM sa HetJcOJllJICO XOJ{OB npecca :B wT8Mne C nOJlY3aMKHYTHM 06beMOM.
15.2.9.07. OfTheM nOJ1HYpeT3HOBOro nyaHcoH3 AO ae4>opM3L\HH npH pa3aqe 38roTOBKH 003 oceBoro lIOnopa onpe-
):1eJ1eTCjI no «!qJMYJle:
n.d.h{,
vo=
4
rJ:te h() - HaqaJIbHaji :BYCOT3 38roTOBICH, MM.
OfTheM nOJlHypeT3HoBOro nyaHcoHa :B MOMeHT M3XCHM3J1hHOH ae4>opN3L\HH onpelleJIliTh no 4JopMY.ne

n · dl · hi
vo=
4
re d l - JI.'HaMeTp 38roTOBXH nOCJJe Ae4>oPM3L\HH, MM;
hI - BblCOTa 33roTOBkH nOiJle ae4>oPM8H, MM.
1 5.2.9.08. KOHHeHT 4x>PMhllUul UH.1lHHaPH'leexoro nyaHcoH3 onpelleJIJlCTCJI no 4KJpMYJle:
KfjJ = d"
4Hft
rJ:te d.. - ltH8MeTp nY3HCOH3, MM;
Hn - PhiCOTa nyaHcoH3, MM.

235
i> ·
Z :E 
S  Z
q 15
 I N
t-o , Ai r:
... :c -"" CI)
G) q c,j 
:II:
.  0  ..
:r .
:c !  i II
R: c "tz
\C  ;
. ...
f- lit · 8q
.8 II :I: N
0  :1: 20
J;I:I
t:: o  2
{:. f-I e::
IG 
X
0
.a
a:I 0
a a
:i D:
tIC 8 S
:s:
 3 
. 
  .,Q
&11: J;
:s: I 0
::c I]
G) :sa

! 
:c
,sa I)
tIC .. Si
:I: ..,
Z ... .. i
i  t!;; li:
:! C ... i 
.. z :c O
8- t'I -:E ,..... r-
t:: :II >. · t 0 I
0  fit . ...
2Lio . }.::
-.: I :c
a >. u x :I:  ! 0
!:i;  II -4 ,-.
2 V 1\ :c
t:: tt:J ... r-
4) C G) Ii ,..... tt:J 
>. c t; rf') (.) -a V}.
2 u 
0 =.or- *'= . m: ...
ID. z.-"" t :II   .
 ! :II:  = l1li _ & U) I
  0. ij  · tt:J
5 0. 04'-'
· JD co. G.) · t) u:c
t:  a8f:c t) tt:J rl u-a e! ... ...
 . ca. 1 I , , e! ... o  0 --'
o  II:
! UA.  . (I  If B If
 .. e-
I" t .. a C4
It
111: · .
-8- .-.1
:I>.
:I: t=:
t::lG
0:.:: rf') -&
4UC t: c
2&'::1 a8
o=.:

£!
I

0
DC I
:I:
:.:
u N
:z:
t::
0

.
!
m
>e Z
U 2
:£ m:
3 @ R
m: :E 0
1 8. 5
S c:a t: m:
 Q c: :s:
 t
 tIS x=s: 
 :( Q. c.. .,
:r :s: Go) G) lID
0 .o.e.  t-f
U "'0 &! 0
 .-t 8.=-= 0 .
.c 4) cd 
C'.S c B -t: X
so ":I: =:1:  
0 =.&0  "'0
:I: :E:r
I >. 8.:c
 oo 8.:a
:s: 2 s :.:: c: c: 8
tIS 23 = :I:
:c - 0. . &0
=t C"'\O >.
N&OS ...c
8. .>. &
...c:
...e:=

236
"
:s
i1:
'-J


&
IV'}
I
I
ti

:is:;I
!i5
I1 tP
..Ii
!i
it
1I1 Z
!.... 
00
. &:( ..
:.: N
i:
(2i!g
...
I
I
i..
.....2
... :IE
v :II:
o ·
M 8.
e I
OS
 IU
I 
s.:IC
II
a: 
a,0
.... II 
Do.
. .
 rn
.  J I
....'" A
U u
Do. ..
il  II
c.
('r)
("t
I< 
 -.: ...a .
E i z 8 8
E:E 0
:r: 2 5
 D a>. 8 1Qt'
8 11:1 :a 1::=-= is 0:1:
eta t:: >.. :a
[! :!:c. ISO
to ct: I:
:e- mlft II: IS !! II!
.... c:   >'c z
l .c
03 c:!  !!a 1° I!
 ..10 .. ; c!.
II: -8 ..11>'
;0 =i1B  :c i ZZ
5 cO rI Q,. 
&! t. 8. 8.;lg
&)( 3 :la .os
c- t:tt:: =:1 °i K
.:a .8.:S IC .t:
V) 1-0  :a r--:G) 0I?r't c\ ::r Z
..;.8 . 0
....::I: ......-t ....:.; .... :c

231
:E
 2
., 0
Ii 2 
J  M
V 0

0 C'eI
 &:( i
.
V') 
i G.)
...
G) as
= :E
:E I
I :II::
:II:: 51
51 t::
t:: 

...


&
>.
:I:
t: tG
0 C
a= 
1"'1
:.: >.
:a 51
::r
 g..
0. 
.. = 8-
::E 
:s:
... t3 :I:
G)
1:0 r::
:E  e
JM :i t ... :!
  :E ... 8. 3: 
eQ :E  
.s t1':8 ..
:s:
   
 :I   i!:
till  
 " .S:ue::c  0
+ i i    + f"III :r
  aJ
"t "1- r"\ t::
X  =-= 0 8. i5 c
.... ....
'""' """-' l a >. >. """-' I
-= I t I I I I '"
M . a:I N
 -= ::( .a  Do. II f!
II ! c.
Do.
M

r---- co
ee
I:;;J
J
t$
M
--D-
J
v

....
I
:c
@
.e-
o
r::
cote
:'=:c
Yo
>'t::
£::10
!.-
e=S

8,0
J:
0 0
.c
cu
:
i<c.

o
t:....

R
.g
0&
e>.
fit:':
:z::E::
.., C
 t::
'O
::Ii: :Ie

o
N:Z::
.8-
a
GJ>.
I:Q.
0JII
c::

Ii
0&
e
IG J:::
:1:0
ftl::
M
= :s:

c
:t
. 8- 
! 
:I: ·
C C.  :!
I-f - 0
   8
R; aU
 i 
lIJ  e 
IG II: 11:11
:  : 
   0
.0 t-) '0 5
::Ii::C ::Ii:
   
oc
M:t: M:t

:!

o
2

:.:
):
:I

t"')
m
tG
a
>.
. ....
;:i



!

&
II')

:s::A

:i
3i

as:

Co
u....


:c.
:i:!
[f'I ca 0
:s:::c ·
°B
:co
IQ.  r::r
.
et:
. ..
::E :E
:I :E
:i 
 
 0
:I 
0..Q.
o 0
-e--&
tIS fa
.... :c
8 [
:3 :c
 :3
I
..D
t
o
:i a
:E 8-
. ij
:.s; 0
:c Q
rE :c
 
E: a
8 sa
u 
>.. !5
 
«S :s:
s:J,.. :r
DC 
"
sa
2
u
o
 .-
as::!
:E 2 -
-n
II: V ::E
e 0
_0
t.i I! 
5 :I rQ
a. c u
uN 
"'V 0
 :=J
t) :s:
I u  
:s: = (I:!
 : 
a a 
:i
::E
:i' 2
 

=- 
:.c eQ
 
 
I=l. 0
o -&
-& ft
 :I:
o :s:
u g..
 :s:
 a
I J
.s:: -'
.....
ci
o

z

8
.-
:c
tt
-=
:s:
=
;
1:1:
Q.
C
8

o
l-
e

a:
2
:I:
Q)
.

0.
i
o
u
at
 -
 
5 
 ::
 i
=s;.g
i !.
I
u

U'J U
. 

II
Co
:I:
::E
q
f'f")
o
&:(
GO


u
=
:E

i

a:I
-f-4 

+
f"III
 ....
· :c
.. N
II

t::
r---- 
>.>.
t3t1
I
..,.
-'
.s::
.
U'J
.
....
-'
t
a)
:s:.
::J-=:
ii
   r.>
:.: ... 0....
Ell .e. x
 i I
c. N _
.g   ".
M :c....
i1  : N
:I:  EI ..;
  I II
a:.  :I:: N
o PI 
:I b ".2
0.. II
 
....
.s:: :
t)
e
t)
e
f!
tJ

Ii
!.
I
u

!
 :s:: I 0
G:I t Q. o  :i
 0 0 C) :! :II: 
   . :cP t::
t 11  c..-:II 
0
0  u t::0:E :c
:E 1E E !f lAi :
0 Co >.  oo &
io'I .!m .!s .. -&
>. >.. t et iG)
.... :c 8.::1' 8.0 S
:.:: tI! cu a !fC  
::! C)c 8)'
I;; :c>' :II: 0  [e:  0
e\S :c C
r'I :c   
.:II :! as>.. =11 ;o 0:11
m CQ 10 2
Id III o 0 o 0 o u o -  :z:
.  :!  !  i 1E :lEa .g:l:
a Q.t Q.t 0.,0 p, 
  g 5
L,..,>. 8 
N D: .0
o o f'f"):I: .8.
 t'1 fj  0. :s: :Qt
N r: c MC C"') >.. r::r :t
III
C
M
Il

M
IN
M
o
r----  
I .. .
>-

U"",U
.s::
.
(I.)
. M
m
t)
U
c..

. u
IQ
"
II
CW
238
i
:E
ci

it
u
I;
:r
:II :!
::c :!
.-  =
  R
 f! !
5 I! 0
:s: >.. 0
0. rfII "
 .! 
 :s: :I:
  =
(j 0 0

>.. .g -8
  (W')
 0 !.
t:: r! U
 B ( >..
8. :i
E: ea
I I I
 .... AJ
c:r'"



is
J

....-t
II')
o
1:1
:I
8-
i
.
a
c

Q.
G)
E2
.2

-.:to

.
N
 Itj
..,.
u
c..
C"1
("t

o
z
z

8.
J:Q
o
:II:: III:
-=:
t
.0.
 4U
. III
o
t- Q
c.c
.go
PI 
If.!
&
C'f")t::

:I

2
8.
...
C!)
:l
lid
A
c:
 2
Co:!
4U
.
!-Ifr-
: a
a
N


· N
 
t>
..,.
II
Co
;

f
8.
i
.
a


t
0.
Q;I

o:!
tIC::E

 2
2 
>: .;
 
[ 
.g IQ
,., I;
11 
1:1 0
o :z:
I:: :c
lie :I
e 0 2
c.  :!
  [
o !. .g
- i i fi
rn 1I.:B
· t::J: i! 
 I 1 I
.... N
-,:-cQ,E
!

Itj
,....
N
.c
r-
V'!.
I
N
-c
'""'-'
N
.c
n

=
:r:
Q) (J
 
i 0 I!
I:: 2 "p
 
.; Q. fi
  
t I-- 1=
  &
 :1: 0 ..: .. >.
o )C 2 
:Ii: ..:I: 0
:.: :c... I::
I:D  tI t")
 ..   :
.g:;&
i   :i
IDI: t:f  0 
1::.t4 0= 0
t;  t::
 U:S: 
&!-a :r
z c= E,.;:': :4 
-=: g  53 IIQ ,....
2>'0>-:; 
     I ,:c
u!i 6)1:: Q. Q 
:c: :I: 1-4  '""'-'
-E,.;..Qo  
 cte;  "l.
!Iii I
-:.= I ... r £It I rP
  :r:
f! 
IQ
"
t;
c.. t:::
>(
:s:
 
 
&
u 0
 
i- 0
 
:.: Co)
 ...
o 2
G)
.gg
 :I:: d
,f
r- !. 8.
C'f")1::1::

Z
M
o
t=I


a
G)
...
as
:E
I
I=:
C)


.

· v
o
-c
1=

R
10
o
:s: .
 
3 N
M
t.
+

C>

'==
..,. n

t=:
-e Q.
c
. f
>-
c
. 
N N
--' --'
M C'f")
c;
i

(,J
E
c


o


CI:
G.)
5
...

!P
cd
i1
&:g
.
o
..,.t::

,....


+
II:D
C
.

· N
C>

I=;
'""'-'
'""'-'
II

2J9
2

C'f")
o
r:t


a
G)
:;;
:E

I


t)
u:
o
 
:r: 0
 f
fi 
t!
8
"'IDI:
O>..:C
;S;C:I:
(338.
o
::E 2 Co:i
:!  0 t;
_ ..:  -& i5
d
 CI  
m r'I:C Z .-
(;)  8) :I 
 tI:  Ii! e!
 .5 8.
Co t'.a:!
t -=: i O
:£ ;III:  0 :t
ftI :s: - I:: B
 c:ct:
e: 0 a 8)0: >..
:I !ig
5 J -& Do i-oI
 :s:.&:;;
o:E
II)Qxs:
I ! ,
  .J
.

o
"C
t=
+

,....

..,
ca
:c
I
.J>

E
""
Q..
cJ
i

:E
:if


c
(J

u
t:
r!
G)
t:I
!P :E
8.
 c
I::
.tt
 0
v I::
G:

...
G)



'-C
o
.
M
..,.


:3




<:I
 -n
..Q CD
t 
o 
a.b
o .Q
 .
:! :I o
:E :c 0
 2-
... i
>..
a 0 u
a :.:: >..
« E
0 () ; 
 :I:
  g tj
=-= cwS
  

f-4 .
 . =s: .,; . ...
:s:: :r .. 
:r >"--'i
..,.  i - II
toe >..
2 -= x5
c.. !'s! ..
8- 
8 ::I . &Q ..,
 :s: c :!
CJ (J &(f)Q :!
>. >.. I:;
I 0.8 ..
 0= I!.
C\S  >. G)
 I  E Q
I o Q G)
to i0oi ::t  :c !i:
 r2  4}gio
tE ! e e C 
tIC  (J  i
 ..
i-4 · R-: a
:ii   s:::Lt t:: N C
= . rl . '-4 iif 
-  rr
II') N N II >.
 U Do. >..  
0.,
M
-
t:

UCJ
- -
t::: a=:...
r---- \Q.....
>.->.>.
t1t1t1

N
.
. I! . I&Q
!. o 0
 R!  ....
01; Q) ttG
:IE; :i =:r 2....
£0: i aC Go} M Z
:t :i $IE .
:s:o 1; 08 c 0:11
 c 0
c t :i U() ::E>.
CClS
G:Go} :0: >. z
G,) $IE G) c
.... o e 5 a: Go}  !
f-o$IE ... c:
"'c o Cfl')
!i! t::(C'S .oc u:s:
.= a t.
 i :It >.
   :c !
.8- - 8!
t=>- . ....et8.
... :E: !5....
:s:   30>. =>..
=8 =0 =:c:s: c :!
-I: . t: .. :E:: I=:   :si
....  M8)O
..  !f U;!= -n 
-n:3: II'):!:

241
Ta6nMa 173
nCpHMeTp AeTRnH. MM BhlcoTa llla6noHa" MM
1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4.0 4 50
3HaeHHe lCo*Hl!HeHla Kn
A. Blolpyt5t<8 Hapy)l(Hcro JCOHTyPB 6e3 pa.aHyca
20 0,76 0,41 0.28 0.20 0)5 0.,12 0,10 0,08 0.07
25 0,80 0.44 0.30 0.22 0,17 0.,14 0,11 0,09 0.08
30 0,83 0,46 0,32 0,24 0,18 0.,15 0,12 0,10 0.U9
35-40 0,86 0.475 0,335 0.255 0.20 0.16 0,13 0.11 0.10
45 0,88 0.49 0.35 0.27 0.21 0.1 75 0,14 0.12 0.11
50-55 0,90 OJ I 0.365 0,28 0.22 0,18 0,15 0.13 0.12
60-65 0,91 0,52 0.38 0,29 0.23 0.19 0,16 0.14 Otl3
10-80 0.93 0.53 0,39 0,30 0,24 0,20 0,17 0.15 0.14
85-100 0.94 0.545 0.40 0.31 0,25 0.21 0,18 0.16 0.15
110-140 0.96 0.56 0,41 0.32 0,.26 0,22 0,19 0.17 0,.16
150-200 0.97 0,57 0,42 0.33 0.27 0..23 0.20 0.18 0.17
200-350 0,98 0.58 0.43 0.34 0.28 0.,24 0,21 0,19 0.18
350-990 0,99 0S9 0.44 0.35 0,29 0.25 0,22 0,20 0.19
CB. 1000 0.99 0,60 0.45 0.36 0,30 0,.26 0,23 0.21 0.20
6 Bhlpy6Ka HapY)KHol"O KOHTypa c panHycoM
20 0.80 0,44 0,30 0.22 0.17 0,14 0.11 0.10 0.10
25 0.84 0.46 0.32 0.24 0.19 0.15 0,13 0,11 0.11
30 0,86 0.48 0,34 0,26 020 OJ7 0.14 0.12 0.12
35-40 0,89 OI 0.35 0,28 021 0.18 0,15 0,13 0.13
45 0.90 0.52 0.36 0..29 022 0,,19 0.155 0.14 0.14
50-55 0,92 0.53 0,37 0,30 0.23 0,20 0,16 0.15 0,15
60-65 0,93 0.54 0,38 0.315 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.16
B. Bhlpy6Ka Hapy)jcHoro ,<oHTypa c p8,l1HYCOM
70-80 0.94 0.55 0.39 0.32 0,25 0.22 0..18 0.17 0,17
85-100 0,,95 0,56 0.40 0.33 026 0,23 0.19 0.18 0.18
100-140 0.97 0S7 Ot 4 1 0.34 0,.27 0,24 0,20 0,19 0.19
140- 200 0,98 0,58 0,42 0,35 0.28 0.,25 0,21 0.20 0.20
200-350 0,99 0.59 0.43 0,36 0.29 026 0,22 0.21 0.21
350-990 0,99 0.60 0,44 0.37 Ot30 0.27 0,23 Ot 22 0.22
CR. 1000 0,99 0.61 0..4S 0,38 0,31 0,28 0.24 Ot23 0.23
Ta6nHQa 174
OTHOWeltHC
Bhlpy6aeMblA Ma.repHaJ1
I
H
CTaJ1h nerHpo"
BaHHU
C'ra.rlb
yrnepoAHcra.JI
Me)1b. MJlrKldt
aJIIOMHHHJ:t
AJ1IOMHHHeBhle
cnnaBLI
311aljeHHe O*HcHTa K
5 ] I I I
6 1.3 12 1.4 1,3
7 1.6 I.S 1.8 1,7
8 1.9 1.3 2.1 20
9 2,2 2.,1 2.3 2,2
10 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5
15.2.9.09.l(.nuHa 3aroToBKH npH pa3.Q3l1e 6ea oceBOro nonopa OnpeAeJIJleTCSI no (jJoPMYJlC
10=-1 1 · k.,
re 10 - Hall3J1bHaJllVDlH3 3aroTOBKH, MM;
II - lVIHHa 06pa3ylOeH cmtxJpMOS3HHOH ner3JIH, MM.
15.2.9.10. .lI.aBJICHHe npHJKHMa npH BI3ITJI)ltKe no 1KecTKOMY nyaHCOHY 5IBJlSleTCjI onpelleJISlJOHM lVIJi mpcl\CnCHHJI
YCHJIHJI H 3a:BHCHT OT CBOHCTB H TOJIW MaTepuaJla:
Cnna:BH 3nIOMHHH OT 30 no 50 Mna;
CTaJlb. naTym OT 35 o 65 Mna;
CT3nb HepJKaBelOall OT 901¥J 120 Mna.

242
15.2.9.11. MaTepHaJlhlt HCnoJIb3yeMHe npH npoBe..ueH HH TeXHOJlOrHqeacHX onepaQHM C npHMCHCHHCM nOJlHyper3H3 t
npHBeneHhI 3 TaW.. 175.
A. OCHOBHye M3TepHaJI:hl
IlaHNeHOBlHHe
C18J1b npolCaTnag TOJIKOJlHCTOB8A
CTaJlh J1I1CTOB311 yr.nepoJ1MCT811ICaqecrBeHHaJi
M OOhlltUOBeUHOro lta'lCCTB8
CTUb .nHCTOB8R JlempoaaHHaJlICOHCTpYKl(H-
OHllaii 06U(ero Jl33HaqenHR
nHCTbI H OQJ1OCbl MeHhle
JIMCTbJ H3 8JlIOMHHKJlI1 BJUOMHHMeBblX cnna-
BOB
JIHCTbl H nOJJocbl na-ryHHhle
JJeHThI naTY"Hhle 06D.lero HR3HR'IeHHJI
TeKCTOJIMT 3J1eICT))OTexHHllecKMA JlMCTOBOA
CTeKJIore':CTonHT 3l1CK'IpOrexHH-JecJ(HH nHC-
TOBOH:
KapTOH
EYMan.
n. BcnOMoraTe.nbHble M3TepHaJlbiI
11BHMeUOBaIlMe
BeTOWh OOTnpolluag
Macno MIfJ\YCTPMaJlhHOC
110JIHypeT8H Map" CKY -711
MaplCM CKY -n4JJI
6eIl3MR-paCTBOpHTe.nb
lJeH:JHH
IlopowoK K81111qx>J1H
rpaMT II JV1i1 M3roT0BJ1C""iI CNa30K, nOKpbl-
THA H 3neKTponpoBOilleA pe3MHbI
Ta6J1HI\I175
rOCT
19903
16523
1542
495
21631
931
2208
2910
12652
2824
24874
mcr
5354
20799
TY 84--404
TY 38-103-37-72
3134
1012
19113
8295
15.2.9.12. Cnoc06w YCTpaHeHHJI 803MOJltHWX l1e4>eICTOB l1eTaJJeA npH mTaMnOJ)lee c npHMeHeHHeM nOJlHYpeT31t3
npHBClJ,CHHI B T36Jl. 176.
16. H3rOTOBJlEHHE IDTAMnOB METOAOM rAJIbBAHODJIACTHKH
16.1. CYOCTb METOAA rAJlbBAHOnJlACTHKH
16.1.01. ranhm3H0IIJI3CTHK3 - MeTOJ:t nony'leHHg TOIIHHX MeTan.nH'IecKHX KonNH nyreM 3JleKTpoXHMH1IeckOro
ocaeHHg MeraJIJI3 Ha MO.l1.eJIb.
16.1.02. B OCHOBe MeTO3 raJIbBaH0l1J13CTHKH neIHT gBJIeHHe J(aTOHoro ocaeHHR ROHOB MeTaJIJIa B npoecce
3JlCKTpoJIH3a. MOlteJIb t BHnonHeHH3J1 H3 TOKonpo:BOAJlll\ero M3TepH3Jl3 HJlH nOKpYTaR TOKonpoBOlJ:KHM CJIOeM, CJIyHT
Karo,r-.OM. AHO,nOM CJlyaT CTeHH HJlH ruJacTHHhI ocaaeMoro Mer3JIJI3.
16.1.03. B KaqecTIIC M3TepHaJla paooqero CJlOg 4x>PMoo6pa3YIOHX era.neA lIae BCero npHMeHReTCJI Cn.naB HH-
KeJlh-K063J1bT c co.t\eP'K3HHeM Ko6a.nhTa OT 30 o 40 %. npH T3KOM COOTHomCHHH KOMDOHeHTOB CMn HMee-r CpaBRH-
TeJlbHO BHCOKHe MexaHH'leCKHC CBOHcrB3, 1jTO n03BOJUleT nOJlyqan 4x>PMoo6pa3YIOII(He l1eTaJIH 6e3 3H311HTeJlhHOro ICO"
po6neHHJI H 6e3 uaJlH'IHJI TpeII(HH. TBepAOCTb pa60Qero HHKCJlb-ICOOaJIbTOBOro CJ10Jl COCT38J1ger 40.. .50 HRC3, llTO-
CT3roQHO AJlg 3Kc[1JlyaT3HH 6e3 TepMoo6pa6ontH. nOBepxHOCTh cnOg, npHMhlKalOaJl Ie nOBepXHOCTH MO.AeJlH, KNeer
XopomYIO rnJlHeBHTOCTb H He Tpe6YeT HHKaKOH l10nOJlHHTeJIbHoi JlHPOBKH.

JJ- AeT8JIH
1. 3UHCaHMe orxO.A8 npa npOOHB"
ke
2. "Ilac'n. I(OHTYpa J1eTaJlH He BhI-
pyfiJtJJ&Ch
3. nOgBK1ICJI 3ayceHeu no KOHty-
PY j\eT8JlH
4. BM5ITHHW 118 nnOCKOCTH
S. Kopo6.neHHe neTUH
6. 01JUlOHeHHe yrna nt6a OT yrna
nylUlCOH8
7. neTIJIH mOXQ CHHMUO'I'aI C ny-
BHCOHa
8. PB3pblB Jug npH B&lT5I)KXe 00-
JIH)'J)e11UfOBhIM nyaHCOHOM B )l{ec-
TKO" MaTpHlJ.e
9. rpblll8 41naHe npa BblTSUt(-
ICe B Ma1pK 3J18CTH'IHbIM nyaH-
COHOM
10. OtipblB aHa npa BblTSiJ)l(lCe
11. Kopo6neHHe BWTJlH)'TbIX eTa-
neA (urraMl10BXB B nOJly3&MKHY-
TOM 06hewe)
12. HirreHcHBuHA M3HOC 3JI8C1'H'I-
HOrt: nomJ(M
13. O6puoB8HHe nonepe"HbIX
rotp "PH pasnaQe
Ta6nHQI. 176
r CnocOObI YCTPaHeHHg  I(T8
YMeHbWKTb BWCOTy wa6noHa;
npMMeHM1'h wa6J10H  XOHCTPYKQMI4.
PacnonaraTb npHuyCK paBHoMepHo (npa.BHJJbHO yx-
n8.nblB8Tb wa6nOII Ha 38I"OTOBKY;
yae.nMIIHT& p43Mephl38roToBKH.
npolWlM4k>aan mwpy6HoA wa6nOH. CHHMag OT ().1
):to O.lS MM npmyCd..
flporepeTb M&YpHU,y If nyaRcoH;
np" Hec6xoHMOCTH CHtln M3HOI11eImhtA CJ10A SJ18-
CTH'IHOH Ma.rpHQbJ.
YMeHhUIHTh A8BJIeHMe;
yap8HHTb B03NO}l(HOCTJ. nOSllLJ1eHHJI B8KYYMa;
06ecne'lHTb OTBOJ1 B03JQ'X8.
YBe.1IH'IHTb 1'.ny6Mtty BHepeHHiI nyaHcoHs C 3aroTOB-
KOH B 3J18CTMQnylO Ma.rpHQy.
YMeHhmHTh 1UlBJIeHHe.
npo&epHTb MeXaHHlIecX:Me CaoACTB8 MaTepHaJla H8
coorBeTCTBHe rOCTi
CM83aTb MaTpH:
otnOJJHpoB8Tb paOO'lYlO :I0&epxHOCTh MaTpHhI;
}'.BeJJH-IHTL pa,ttHyCbl nepeXOOBa
YBeJlMQMTh ):UIB1IeHMe nplOKHMa;
YMeHhWKTb BWCOTy 3Jl8CTH'lHOro nyaHCOHR;
npHMeHKTb )KeCTKHR CKJlMKonepJK&TCJlb.
Y&eJlH'IHTb QeHTJMUIbHoe OTBepcTHe B 3J18CTHqHOM
ny8HcOHe;
npHMeHHTlt 6o.nee TBep,Qy1O CM83KY;
IIcnOJlh30B8Tb AOHHWA npa)I(HM;
BblTJUkKY npoM380AHn £ nepeHarpy1KeHHHMH.
cne'lHTbycnoBHe:nosepxHOCTh38BKH.o6pa-
lI{eHHOA B CTOPOHY 3n8CTHljHOM no.nywlCM OJJ)ICHa
6WTb IIHCTOH M cyxoA;
YCTP&HHTh BaIC.YYM.
BocttaHOBHTb Heo&co 3830p Me7K]1;y ICOHTeH-
HepoM M OOAKON;
CHtln Aecj)eItTHhIA CJ10A B anSCTHQHOA nOJ\YwlCe;
06ecne-lHTb 118TSlI'Me)K,Ay 3Jl8CTMqHoA MIITpHQeA H
KOHTeMHepoM.
YMeHllmMTJ.swCOTy 3J1BCTMQHOro nyalicoHa;
CM838Tb ny8HCOH.
16.1.04. nOJlHWi JUIK.1I H31'OTOBJleHHR pMoo6pa3YlOlQHX .QeTaJleR C npHMeHeHHCM MCT01(3 raJIhBaHOIDI3CTHKH
BKJlI01I8eT B ce6J1 CJIeJU'lOA p one.P3f.'HA:
a) HSroTOBJIeHBe NO,tteJIH;
.()) nIOTOBKa nOBepXHOCTH MOH x HaHeCeHHIO TOKonpo80J{Horo CJ109;
B) ocaeHHe pa60'lero CJlOJl;
r) ocaeHHe npoMeIyTO'lHOro CJJ09;
1J.) HaHeceHHe HJlH npHCoe)J,HHeHHe XOHCTPYKUHOHHOro CJI09 ACT3J1H;
e) MeX3HH'IecK39 06paOOrlCa.
16.2. TEXHOJlOrHQECKHR npO:QECC H3rOTOBJIEHHSI MATPHQbI
BbIPY6HOrO IIITAMnA rAJlbBAHOnJIACTHKOR
16.2.01. CxcMa H31'OTOBJleHIDI npHaeeHa H3 pHC. 326. CYWHOCTh MeToa 3aKJIlOII8eTCK B CJJeYIOcM: 113TOT3mJlH-
BaJOT nyaHcoH NexaHHllecKoii 06paOOrKoR (pHc. 326.1). 3aTcM C03,A31OT TeXHOJlOlWleCKHA 3a30p nYTeM ocaeHHK XH-
MH1JeCKOro HHKeJJil H3 80J{HOro pacrBOpa (puc. 326.2), npH 3TOM TOJIHH3 CJJ09 XHMHllecKoro HHKe.11g OnpeeJIileTCSI Bpe-
MeHeM HaxoeHHj( nyaHcoHa B paCTBope. }:{anee, H8 nyaHcoHe C03JmJOT YroJI py6ICH, AJISI Ilcro ero Me.n;leHHO H3BJIeXa-
lOT H3 3JIeJC1pOJIHTa npH ocaJKJIeHHH MeTaJL1I8 B B3HHe (pHC. 326.3) _ }:{anee npoH380J{9T 3JlCJCTpoocaJKJ1,eHHC pa6<Nero H
ICOHCTpYIC:qHOHHOro CJJoeB B raJIbBaHH1IeCKHX B3HH3X (pHC. 326.4), 00 npe.ltBapRTeJlbHO AJISI YJIY1JmeHH9 pacnpe.lteJIeHH5I
MeT3J1J18 no nOBepXHOCTH MO,tteJIH H8 nyaHcoH YCT3aamJlHBalOT 3KpaH; 3aTCM IC ny3HCOHY xpenSIT TOKonposoJ{, reJNeTH-
3HPYlOT 0030BYIO nOBep.xHOCTh OT ICOHT3ICT3 C aJleKTpoJIHTOM H naCCHBHPYIOT nDBepXHOCTh nY3HCOua c OCICOM Ha 803-
AYxe (pRC. 326.5).

244
1.
Hi
z.
Ni

3.
4.
--..
5.
1:
f!
9 r

-@
1 fO
PHC. 326
CXEMA TEXnpOUECCA H3roTOBJIEHIDI MATPHUhI BhlPY6HOro UITAMnA rAJIbBAHOIJJIACfHKOA
16..2.02. nOCJle HapaIQHBaHHJI pylSjllneH 1l3CTH MaTpHQ.Y npoH3BOJUIT AeMOHT3JIC 3ICpaHOB. TOKonpoBOAoB. YAamllOT
H30......HPYIOID:HH CJloA repMeTHka H MeXaHlf1IeclCoA o6paOOrKOH II01IYQalOT npoMex:yroqHYJO 6a30BYJO nOBepXHOCTh (pllc.
326.6). noroM nyaHcoH YCTaHaBJIBBaIOT B nyaHcOHoepJltaTeJlh H BJCJtCHBalOT MaTpHIQ' B MaTplNRYIO IIJIHTy (pRC.
326.7) .
16.2.03. nyaHcoH Hsm.neICalOT R3 MaTpHIJ.Y. YAaJlillOT yron py6ICH H TeXROJIOrH1JecKHA 3830p (pHC. 326.8). 3aTeM
MaTpH11Y IIIJ1Hcj)y1OT OTHOCHTeJlbHO 0030BOA nOBepXHOCTH (pIIC. 326.9) H npoBOlUIT OkOK'l8TeJJhHYIO cOOPKY DlT8NDa
(pHC. 326.10>.

245
+
+
t.
2.
3.
I
to
.
s.
6.

8.
PHc.327
CXEMA TEXDPOUECCA H3f'OTOBJIEHIDI MATPliUhI rHIiOqHoro Ii
BblTJIXHOro IIITAMIIOB rAJIhBAHOIlJlACTHKOD
16.3.a TEXHOJIOrUqECKUR npOQECC U3rOTOBJlEHUSI MATPHQhI
m60HOrO (BbITJI)KHOrO) llITAMnA rAJIbBAHOnJIACTHKOR
16.3.01. CxCM3 TeXHOJIOmllecKoro npoecca npHBeCHa ua pHC. 321. CYHOCTb MCToa 33KJ1J01IaeTClI B CJIe.nylO-
liteM. USlOTaBJlHBalOT nyaHcoH MexaHHqecICoA 06pa6orKOH (pHC. 321.1). Ha paOOIlYJO llaCTL nyaHcoH3 HaHOCSl't MaTCPH-
3Jl. KOTOplJlii HMHTHpyer mTaMnyeMYIO .QeTaJIh no TOJIIqHHe H lCoH4>HrypanHH (T. c. nOJlY'laIOT MaCTep-MO):{eJJh Ma'tpH-
IJI) (pRC. 327.7).3aTeM DOJIY1JeHHaJi MaCTep-Moe.nL 33BemHBaeTClI DOCJle.nOBaTeJlbHO B raJIhBaHHtleCICHe BaHHhI, rJ\e Ha
Hce ocaJOr paOOqHH CJlOH MeT3JIJIa HJ1H CMaBa H XOHCTPYKiUlOHHhlH CJlOH (pHC. 321.3). }:{anee M3CTep-MO):{eJ1h C
OCOM ycraH3BJIHB3JOr B OOOKY, J(YA3 BBO"T H3fiOJlHHTeJIb (PHC. 321.4). npo80JU1T nponHTlCY H3nOJlHHTeJUI CBJl3YIO-
II.tHM COCT3BOM B YCTaHOBJ(e BaKYYMHoH nponHTKH H TepMoo6paOOTKH B CYWHJlbHOM wKac!>y (pHe. 327.5). TIOCJle aroro
npoH380J{HT MeXaHH\leCKYJO o6paOOTKY M3TpHhI no):{ nocanKY (pHC. 321.6). Ma'tpH11Y 33npeCCOBYBalOT B M3TpH1jHytO
IDIHTY t nyaHcoH J(penSIT B nyaHCOIIO,AepJltaTe.ne t pa3HHMalOT MaTpHIJ.Y H nyaHcoH, Y.Q3J1J11OT npoMezYTOIIHblii MaTepH3Jl,
UL1IHYIOT M3TPHI!Y OTHOCHTeJIhHO OO30BOH nOBepXHOCTH (pHC. 321.1). nOCJlc 3TOro npoBO):{9T OICOHQaTeJ1bHYIO c60pKY
mTaMna (pHC. 327.8).

246
17. HEKOTOPhlE OCOEEHHOCm CCDEPOJI.BU)KHOA lllT AMnOBKH
11.01. CYHOCTh WTaMnOBICH C Hcnonh30BaHHeM c4>epoBHJI(HO{O MeXaHH3Na 33K.lIJ01JaeTClI B TOM, "TO 06ntag Ae-
4>oPManug npoHCXO,AHT B pe3yJlbTare nOlCaJlhHoro noc.n.e.QOB3TeJJhHOro H MHOroKpaTHOro B03JJ,eHCTBH9 nY3HCOHa 2 H MaT-
PHl.\hI 9 H3 33roTOBICY I, B pe3YJIbT3re 'lero lIe<J>oPMHpyeMhle Y'l3CT:KH ee nOliBepralOTCSI nOCJleOBaTeJlhHoMy nYJIhCHpy-
lOeMY HarpYJtCCHHJO.
11.02. 3TO AOCTHraeTCSI 33 C\leT npIQaHHR patXweMY no,t{BHH{NY HHCTPYMeHTY, nyaHCOHY HJlH MaTpHe, CJlOJICHO-
ro McxaHHllecKoro ABHx:eHHR - ICPyfOBOro I(OJIe6aTe.nHOro OT ccj)CPOJUlHJKHOro MexaHH3Ma H BCp1'HK3JIhHOro nocTYD3-
TeJJbHOro OT non3YHa CHJ1paMH1JeCKoro npecca.
11.03. KpyroBoe lCoJlc6aTenbHoe BH)lCeHHe nyaHCOHY coo6ntaer MexaHH3M, COCTORHM H3 .QBYX 3JJeKTpoBHraTeJJeM
1. Bpaw.alOlI{HX 'Ilepe3 MY4rrhi 6 H llepBRlCH 5 llepBRQHOe KOJIecO 4. C"Ij'nHl.(a 3TOro xOJleca HMeeT 3KcneHTpHllHO pacno-
.nO)ICeHHOC no yrnoM 3 0 OTBeJ>CTHe B ICOTOpoM Haxo,aHTC9 nomMIIHHIC.
6.l13ro.l¥1J)S1 B03MOJICHOCTH npoBOpoT3 l.(an4>hI 80JtHJJa B nOHnHHKe Bpaw.aTenbHoe ABHJKeHHe qePBRilHoro xOJleca
npe06pa3YeTcR B KpyroBOe KOJJe6aTeJlhHOe ABH)I{eHHe caMOro 80JtHJI3 H 33KpeRllCHHoro Ha HCM ny3HcoHa t KOrophiH H AC-
4>oPMHpyer 33IUTOBKY. YCIlTIHe Ae<J>oPMaHH nCpC3eTC51 BOl{HJION Ha c4>epHQeCKHM nO)J:mHOHHK 8, npH :nOM eHTp
c4>epHllecKOM nOBepXHOCTH HaxoJIJlTCSI Ha pa601leM Tope nyaHcOHa.
11.04. YMeHbweHHe ICOHTalCTHOM flOBep.xHOCTH Me)KJ:{y .ne<J>oPMHpyeMHM MaTCpHaJlOM H HHcrpYMCHTOM, nynbCHPY-
IOI.QHM xapalCTep uarpy)ICeHHg, COlCpaCHHe BeJ1H'tIHHhI nonHpalOU{HX CHJlIC0HT3ICTHOro TpeHHg npHBO):{HT x 3H3IlHTeJlb-
HOMY CHWKeHHIO BeJIH'BIHbI YAeJlbHOro YCHJ1H9 H n03BOJlReT B 10-15 pa3 YMeHhwHTh 06ee TCXHOJlOrHlleCKOre YCHJ1He.
Bee :no A3CT B03MOJICHOCTh ocyw;eCTBHTb npoltecc H3 MeHee 3HeproeMKoM o6oPYAOBaHHH, 33 oJ:tHy onepaHIO $p-
MJlSlTh CJlO)ICHble AeTaJlH C TOHKHMIf 4>naHQaMH nptl BIJICOICOM TOIlHOCTH nonY'laeMHX pa3MepoB H xopomeM lCallecTBe no-
BCp:xHOCTH.
11.05. TeXHOJlOrnlleCICHC B03MOJICHOCTH c4>epoBHzHoM mTaMITOBICH n0380JlSlJOT peKOMeIfllOB3Th 3TOT MeTOl! lIJISi
<!>oPMOH3MCHSUOWHX H pa311enHTenhHIJIX oncpaLlHHa

PI-IC. 328
18. UMny J1LCHbIE METOJI.bI AJ1S1 liT AMnOBKU TPYJI.HOJI.ECDOPMHPYEMbIX MET AJlJIOB U CnJIABOB
18.01. K HMltynhCHlJIM MCTOM WTaMflOBICH OTHOCSlTCSI CJleYIO.lUHe:
I. CKopocTHlJle MeTObJ, npH CICOpocTH HHCTpYMeHT3 60JJee 20 MiceK. npH 3TOM MeTOe BpeMg KOHT3KTa HHCTPY-
MeHTa C.QCTaJlhlO COCTaMgCT 0,01 ceKY1Q1JI (10- 2 ceK.).
K aHHoMY MeTOJ()' OTHOCHTCR WTaMflOBKa Ha BIJICOICOCKOpocTHIJIX Mon0T3X (B. C. M.) I nf.A.POyA3pHag WT3M110BlCa,
WTaMnOBIC3 C HcnapeHHCM C)lCHZeHHoro ra33.
2. BIJlCOlCoclCopocTHlJle MeTObI, npH CKOpocm HHCTpYMeHT3 DO 100 M/cex. npH :lTOM MeToe BpeMsr ICOHTalCTa HHCT-
-3
PYMeHTa e AeTaJlhlO COCTaMReT 0,001 cCICYIf.AbI (10 ceK).
K lI.3HHOM}' MeTo OTHOCHTCg mTaMnDBK3 MeT3ttJThHhlMH B3phlB'IaTIiMH BCutCCTB3MH H ra30-B3pblBHaH WT3MDOB-
lCa.
3. HMnynbCHlJlc npolteCChI upH CKOpocrH HHCTpYMeHTa 60JJee 100 MiceK. npH 3TOM MeToe BpeMg ICOHTaICT3 HHCT-
-4 -6
pYMCHTa C AeT8nhlO COCT3mJlReT OT 10 11.0 10 ceKyHJtY.
K aHHIJIM npoeccaM OTHOCSlTCK WTaMOOBIC3 6pH33HTHBHIJIMK B3phlBIl3TIJIMH BelUeCTBaMH, MamHTHO-HMnynbCHaR
WTaMn08K3, JI33CpHaK WTaMnOBlCa.
18.02. K npeitMYIUCCTBaM HMnynbCHbiM MCTOJ10B WTaMDOBICH OTHOC5lTC.SI CJle.QYIOHe:
a) B03MO)ICHOCTh WTaMflOBKH M3JIOI1.1IaCTHllHIJIX M3TepHaJlOB;
6) npocTOTa OCH3CTKH;
B) B03MOJtCHOCTb WT3MOO8ICH KpynHora6apHTHIJIX .neTaJleii;
r) BblCOKag TOIlHOCTh mTaMnycMhlx ACTaJIeH;
A) He Tpc6YCTCSI AOporoc1'Oec o6opYAoBaHHe.
18.03. K He.nOCTaTK3M HMnyJlbCHlJIX MCTOOB WT3MI1OBICH CJleyeT OTHeCTH:
3) HH3KaR npoit380JtHTCJ1hHOCTh;
6) nOBIJIWCHHlJle Tpe60BaHHR IC TeXHHKe 6e30n3CHocm;
B) nOBIJIWeHHIWM WYM B MOMeHT WT3MDOBKH.
18.04. MIIyJIhCHag WTaMnOBJCa npHMeHKeTCK B MeJIlCOCepHOM npoH3BocTBe.

npI1JIO)KEHUE 1
PEKOMEH)I.YEMASllllEPOXOBA TOCTb OEPAEA TbIBAEMhlX nOBEPXHOCTER
KOJIOHOK, ny AHCOHOB, MATPHU. BTynOK H J1PymX .llETAJIER
Ta6nMQa 1
0600HaQeHHe H npe.AnOQYH-
TenbHblH Oap8MeTp wepoXO-
BaTOCTH no roCT 2.039 H
rOCT 2789
50;25
npHMeHeHHe
1.6
r &epXHOCTH HanpaBJlglO ItMOHOJC:. BTYnOK Ii OTBepcTHJI II I1nHTU. BWnOJl-
HtleMbJe nO..Q38JIMBk (coe,AHHeMMe) 6wc I DQTBeI).UelOlL(H MH nJIIICTM8CcaMH
Hepaf)oqHe rpy6we noaepXHOCTH. He BJlHJlIOWHe Ha 3lfcnnyaT8ltHOHHble Kaqe-
CTB8 WTaMna.
Dhi B I1nHTU
nonepXHOCTH kpyr.n1dX OToepf:rHi1. BhIJJQ.J1IIeJIH no CB060.AHWM pa3MepaM.
OnopHhle noaepXHOCTH no..Q n)JlOBKH .HHTOS. OOnTOB. npY*HH.
none XHOCTH it. He CO IJl) HK8C8IOU.(HXC'SI c n pY I11MH SlMH WTaMna
nooepXHOCTH. npHJIet'aIOIU,H'e It pyI'HM noaepXHOCTSIN. "0 He JlBllillOecg no-
CqHhJMH
nooepXHOCTH onopHble, YI1'iJHhle. YCTal1080IiHbIe H 4JHKCMpylOUJ.He B TepMI1-
..eeltH He06pa6oraHHhIX Ae.ClUlSIX.
nosepxmcm ICpyrJlbIX O'J'Be}W TH:H, m.m01lHeHHblX C nODKMH .QODyCKOB no H9-"12.
HaPYJKHb1C noBepxHOCTH J:teTD.JIe:A. BWnOJlHeHllblX no 9-12-MY ICB8JIMTeTaM.
nOBCpXHOCTH npJlMoyl'OJIbHhDC:. CO"""bIX OmepcTHft If me3;J;.JVIu HenOj:tBH)K-
Hb1X nOC8.AOK.
0110 hIe none Ii l1J1,m It IIHora6a HlHblX WTaMJTOB
nOnepXHOCTH onopHble. y IJOpHble. YCTaHOBOIIHb[e H HICCHpYJOU\He B TepMH-
..eeltH oopaOOT8HHbIX neTRJlSlX.
lIoaepXHOCTH ICpyrnblX OTBCpcnd1, BblnQ.1lHeHHbIX c nOJUlMH ,I\OnyCKOB no H7 H "8
Ono H&le nose 0ClIf I1JIHT NeJ1KHX H c mTaMrlOB
Pe>KYU(Hc. nt60IlH&le. c%x>PMOSOtlll&le M PYn1e pa60 1 lHc 1I0sepXIIOCTH .QeTaneA
WT3MnOB Hcnocpe1{CTBCHHO conpHKacaIOU\MXCSJ co WTBMnYCMblM M8TeplUUlOM.
KpyrJfble Hapy)KHble nocaN>qllb[e nosepxHocm eTa.neH.. BblnOJIHeHHblX no 6-
8 ICBaJIHTeTaM (lCpoMe f6).
nOlle HOCTH CICMb*-eHHll
P800QHe noaepxHOCTH BblTJDKHblX H pa36oproOOQHhlX llI'raMnOB, no IC.OTOpblM
I1pOHCXOHT CICOJIb}KeIlHe WJ8NnyeMOro MaTepHaJla OpM pMoo6pa30&aHHH.
nOBCpXHOCTH CICMh*eJUiA KOJlOHOIC. Ii Bry.nOIC B U18p11KO&blX HanpaalnllOHX
Y3JI8X.
PaOO-.He nose XItOCTH II aHaJIWB If MaT J) HIJ. 1t3 Tse p ;:uNX t:nnaBOB
PC)I(YI1I.He no&epXHOCTH nlJ'" WTaMnOBXe Bg3KMX QBeTHbLX MeTaJlJIOB H CDJl8-
BOB. BJl3KOA CTaJlM np" TOnlL{HHe 60Jree 3 NM lot HeMeTaJl.nHI,ICCKHX M3TeP"8JJOB.
nosepxHOCTH Kpyr.nwx onepcTdi H B8JJOB.JVIS1 nOJ\BH)t(Hb1X nocanOK C nOJlSlMH
CICOB no M5. "6. h4. hS. M f6.
]2.5
6.3
3.2
0.8
0,4
0.2
0.1
npI1JIO)KEHME2
METO)]:bI COEUHEH"SI (KPEnJIEHMSI) JI.ETAJlER IllTAMnA
CoeJlHHeHHe upH nOMOI.l\H nOC8J\OK
B WTaMnax JlHCTOBOH WT3MnOBKH DpHMeHmarcg npeHMyCCTBeHHO nocal).ICH B CHCTeMe OTBepcrHSI.. B OC06h1X CJIy-
qa.HX .QODyCIC3ercSI npHMeHeHHe nocanOIC B CHCTeMe Dana (H3npHMept npH Coe,AHHeHHH rn.a):{Koro, 6e3 cryneHeA, ny3HCo-
H3 HJ1H maroBoro H01lCa C .QCPJlt3BKoH H CbeMHHKOM). B T36J1. 1 npHBeJ1eHbI npHHSlThle nocaKH AJI.SI Coe,AHHCHH9 AeT3J]cii
mTaMUOB.
COHeHHC .QByx AeT3J1eA: WTaMoa C nOMoIQbJO noca.ztOK H3H6onee lteJ1ecoo6pa3Ho no U.HJlHPY. npH 3TOM Heoo):{-
BHe Coe,AHHeHH9 BHnOJlHJOTC9 npeHMyeCTBcHHo 6e3 .QODOJIHHTeJ1bHOro ICpeDJIeHHSI H HC TpOOYIOT npHMeHeHHR
4mKcaQHH OT DpOBOpoT3.
npu HeIIOBMHhlX Coe,AHHeHH.HX no ItHJIHpy .QeTaJleA: C HeKpyrnYM pa6<wuM KOHTypoM Heo6xoJJ.HMO npHMeHSlTh
4>HKcaHIO OT npolKJpoT3. HaH6OJIbwylO TO'lHOCTb HKcaQHH OT npoBoporn 06ecnC'lHBaeT WTH4n' (pHC. I).

nOCAKH, nPHHJlTLlE J])ISI COE;1HHEHHjI nET AJlER WT AMnA
Ta6nMqaI
O603HllleHHe nOClOJtlCM
no rocr 25:M7
H, H6 H7 H7
h4 ; h5 t I16 ;16
PeKONelWlQMM no npIWeHeJfMIO
npH coeJI,Hue-
HHH Hanpaa.n_IO-
IltHX B1YnOIC C ICO-
nOHlCaMK"
B p83,AeJlHTeJlWlbIX onaMoax. BYJ:ttP-HBaJI ycnoBHe: Mak-
CHNlnbHO 803MO)kHati BeJlHqMHI nonoBHHbI 3830p8 Ne)k-
JfY B1YnKoA H XOJIOHKOA He AOJUKHI npeBwWaTb MHHH-
MIUIbHO B03MO*H)'1O BeJlHQHHY OAHOCTOpoHHero pe*yaqc-
ro 3UQJ)8.
B 4xJpMOM3MClUlIOKX JDTaMlUlX
H7
(n - J1,1ISllUTaMnyeNoro MaTepH8JJ8 He 6o.nee 1 NM)
np" coeJ1HHeHHH YCKnMTeJlbHWX xo.neQ (6aH.A&JlteA) C M8TpHl.\eA. McnWTWBa-
IOmeA fionhwHe Harpy3JC.H Ha P83PblB (1I8I1pifNep. . JDTaMlUlX AllJI xonOHOro
Ba8J1HB8HH)
1. np" coeNlHeHHM HanpaBluillOlUHX ICOJ!OHOK H B1YnOK C MHTaMH
2. np" sanpeccoRe He38JC&neHHWX WTH4rroBbIX npc60Jc B 3aKBJ1eHHhlC teICQMH
H7 H7
-.-
e8'ft
In
"7
H7

H7
116
I. nOCKB nyaHcoHoB. M81'))Mq. 4>MkC8TOpoB. ynopoB If APyna no06HbIX Ae-
TaJ1eA B Aep".kH. IIJ1MTbI H 1'. J]..
2. nOClAka aanpaBIUllOlUHX 1C0J10HOK np" yCJIOBHH HX JP1W1HMTe.11W10ro Itpen-
JleHMR
noawc:a ycraH080QHYX If 4>MkCHPYIOHX DlTHc)rOB
!!1.
m6
H7
h6
I. CoeHlleHHe BYX TepMOOfipa6onunu.lx AeTueA (HanpHMep. Bpe3lCa C'eK-
qMA nyaHcoHoB H M81pK B 38IClJleHH)'1O ,.eTBJlb)
2. noc1C8 HanpaBJ'llllOUJJtX B1YJlOIC npH YCJIOBHH HX J].OIJ01IHHTeJIbHOro ICpen-
neHHIl
B nape: 6LIC'q)OCNeIfHYA nyaHcoH C Aep.aBKoA CnpH YCJlOBHH ICpellJleHHIl fion-
TOM MJlH wapHICOM).
H7
is6
H7
j7
nOJl3yWICM . H8I1paB1ltllOMX npH BwnanHeHHM roqlfhlX paOOr
H8 H9
----- . -
h8 · h8
nCJI3YWkH B HIU1paBJ1m011U1X ICpynHora6apHTHWX IUftNnP
H7 H7 H8
-- . - . .-..........
j7.d8'J9
nOClAka BhIT&JIKMBaTeJleit H "PH*HMO. no paoo..eN)' MHCTpyMeHTY CnyBHCO-
fly It NaTpHc)
H8 H9
-.-
d9.d9
1. rIoca,Akl TomcareneA 8 I1nHTax, XBOCTOBHKJIX H T. .
2. noca,Akl nO8H*HWX ynopoB . c.eNHIf1C8X
HII
dll
nOCK8 npHJI(HMOB 8 C80HX "'e3.MX
C1>HKcaQHS paOO'lHX .QeT8JIeA WTH4rroM C nICOH no IUlJIHHJWY
PHCYHOJ( 1

249
OAH3ICO npH 3TOM cnoco6e 4>HlCcaHH TPYAHO 06ecne'lHTh B3aHM033MeHg:eMOCTh COeAHHg:eMIIIX AeTaJleA. 3T3 npo-
6neM3 Jly"me pemaercJl II CJlyqae cPHKcaHH c nOMOIl1hJO mnOHOIC WIK ItHJIHHAPHl,lecKHX AeraneA 6ea cl»Jl3H.Q,CB (pile. 2a)
H nYCKaMH - AJIg eTaJleH c clmaHaNH (pHC. 26. B)
Cl>HlCcaqHS pa60QHX .QeTaJleA mTaMna mnOHICOH c nliCKaMH Ha clmaHne
.
PHcyHOK 2
IIInoHKa H Be JIHCKH Ha clmaHnc ooecneQHB31OT TO'IHOCTh $HKC3IU1H B npeeJIax 6-9-ro KB3.nHTeTOB, a orom JlhlC-
X3 Ha cl»J1ac (CM. pilc. 2B) B DJ)eAeJlaX 8-IIICBaJlHTeTOB.
PacnOJIOJICeHHC JIhlCOIC CJIeeT Bu6HpaTh C YlleTOM TeXHOJlOI'HH H3roTOIUleHHg eTaJIH. HanpHMcp, npH YAJ1HHeHHOM
pa60'leM KOHType lt enec oo6pa3HonhicKY BlJlnDJIHKn Ha 4maHe napaJlJleJIbHoA1IHHHOH CTOpoHC (CM. pHC. 2B).
CoeHHeHHe DpH nOMOIQH xpeneZHYX ,neT8J1eA
KpeIUleHHc .QCTaneA H y3JlOB mTaMnOB npoH3BOHTCJI BHHT3MH C BHYTpeHHHM mecrHrpaHHHKOM. OHaKo B HeKOTO-
J>HX C1Iy"aSlx npHMeH.5IIOTCj[ 6o.nTH C HapYJlCHYM weCTHrpaHHHKoM H BHHThi co IWIHeM.
IJHCJlO H lIH8MeTp ICpeneX:3 Ha3Ha'ialOT, HCXoa H3 ABYX $aICTOpoB: CHJ10BOro H KOHCTPYKTHBHOro.
CKIJOBOA paC1leT npoH3BOHTCJl C Y'IeTOM .Qonyac:acMlllx Harpy30B H3 BHHTM H mTH4>'rH.
l(or'ycKaeMhle Harpy3ICH H3 pe3hOOBlie COe):{HHeHH9 npHBeJ1eHhI B TaD]). 2.
Ta6J1MUa 2
0603HaQeHHe
pe3L6L1
OnaCHoe
CeqeHHe 2
pe3L6w, eM
J}pnYClCaeM8JI H&rpy3K8 npH M3roTOBneHHH H3 CTanH. H (Krc) :
M6 0,11
M8 0.31
MID 0.49
MI2 71
M14 1,00
16 1.37
M20 2,15
22 2,,10
M24 3,10
27 4,10
30 4,55
36 7,30
35 45 40X
1600 (160) 1900 (190) 3000 (300)
3000 (300) 3400 (340) 5400 (540)
4700 (410) 5400 (540) 8600 (860)
6800 (680) 7800 (780) 12400 (1240)
9500 (950) 11000 (1100) 17500(1150)
1300 (130) 15000(1500) 24000 (2400)
20400 (2040) 23100(2310) 37600 (3760)
25700 (2570) 2910() (2970) 41300(4730)
29500 (2950) 34100 (341 0) 54300 (5430)
39000 (3900) 45100(4510) 71800 (7180)
43200 (4320) 50000(5000) 79600 (7960)
69400 (6940) 8030() (8030) 127800 (12780)
JI.onYCK3eM3g uarpy3ka, npHHnaK 1C3K nCpeMCHHag. paCC1IHTaH3 DpuMeHHTeJIhHO Ie CTa:anapTH30B3HHhlM BHHTaM H
60JlTaM npH CJIeAYIOIqHX 33AaHHblX YCJlOBHjlX:
Ta6J1HQa 3
Map.:a CTaJlM TepNlNeClCBlI lC.JIacc nJJO'lHOCTH llonyclCaeMoe HanpilHHe"
06pa6OTxa UB. Mna (Xrc/MM )
35 HopNlLllH3&QMiI 6,6 9500 (950)
4S 11000 (1100)
40X Y Jl}'qWCHHC 10.9 17500 (1750)
Hc peICOMeH.AYeTC npHMeHKn BHHTIi co IDJ1HM C lIHaMCTpOM 60Jlee 10 MM, Tax KalC OHM HC 06ecnc1jHBalOT HeJK-
HoB 3aTgKH.
JI.onYCK3CM3S1 AJ1HH3 BHHTa Lmax I1pH OCHOBHOM (CHJIOBOM) KpelL'leHHH paBHa:

Lmax  (6 - 8) dB
250
(I)
HOPMMbH39 rny6HH3 3aBHHIlHBaHHR I COCTaBJI5leT:
A1Ig CT3JJH -1= (1,5 - 2) dB (2)
A1Ig qyryHa - 1 > 2d B (3)
CJ1eAYeT YlIHTIJIB3Th. 1ITO H3J1HWHSl5I TJIy6HH3 33BHHqHB3HHR He yCIIJIHB3eT ICpCDJIeHHR.
Ll)UI 4>HKC3I{HH BS3HMHO CKpCmUleMIJIX l1.eTaJ1eA IDTaMna peKOMeHJU'eTC5I npHMCHKTh l{HJlHHJJ;plltlCCKHe WTK£lnhl no
faCT 3128 TBCpocrblO 42...46 HR C3 (H3 CT8JIH 45, 40X HAP.) HJlH no faCT 24296 TBepOCTblO 58...62 HR C3 (H3
CT8JIH Y8A, AI2 C TepMOXHMHlIeCXoH 06paOOrKoH HAP.). KalC 60Jlee HAAeJICHHe npeAnO'lHTeJIbHO npHMeRjlTh mTHclrrhl
TBepOCT&JO 58. . .62 HR C3.
.D)Jg OJJJ{oro c06HpaeMoro ySJl3 06h11jHO AOCT3T01lHO nyx mm<JyroB. lI,JIR HKcaIUlH Y3kHX, HO OTHOCHTCJIhHO lIJIHH-
HHX AeT3JIcii DpHMeHSllOTCg TPH, a B HeKOTDpIJl:X CJlYIl3J1X lleThipe wTH4rra.
COOTHOweHHe Mey AHaMeTpaMH BHHTa H mTHCln'a. BXO):{RIItHX B OJ{HO H TO JlCe COe):{HHeHHe, peKoMeyeTcll npH-
MeHSlTb I : I.
B CJty'l3HX, Kora paOOqag AeTaJ1b UOJ{BCpJKeH3 CJ1BHry, npo'lHOCTb coeJ].HHeHHSI onpeAe.ngeTCSI mTHclrraMH, n03TOMY
DpH He)1OCT3TOIJHOM CewleHHH m1Hc!>'r3 yBeJIH1JIIBalOT ero AH3MeTp. ECJIH 3T3 Mepa HC ooecne'lHBaeT He06xo,AHMoM npoll-
HOCTH. TO WISI paoolieA .QeT3JIH C03A3IOT eJKHYIO onq>y C nOMO1O mnOHOIC KlIH nYTeM Bpe3KH B IL1IHTY.
PelCOMeHAYeMag rJly6HH3 BHeJij)eHHg mTH4rr3 B .QeTaJlh mT3Mna (pHC. 3):
1= (1,5 - 2) dill
(4)
npH OTHOCHTeJIbHO tXmbIDoii TOJIJ:QHHC IIJIHT HeconpgraeMYIO co mTH4rroM lIaCTh OTBCpcTH9 06pa6aThlBalOT H3 6oJlb-
woii AHaNeTp (CM. pac. 3). B oco6h1x cnyqaSlX, IIpH OTCyTCTBHH B03MOJICHOCTH BHJIOJIHHTh CKB03HhlC OTBCpcTH, npUMe-
IUlJOT mTH4>'rH C pe3b60H (pHe. 3>.
B rex C1Iy"aRX. lCoc,Aa m He06:xoJ:{HMo 331DJ1HcI>oBaTh 3anOllJlHltO C ,,.3epKaJlOMt.' pa60'leA llaCTH AeT8JIH B 30H3X
CKOJIbCHHC wTaMnyCMoro MaTepllaJ1a (HanptfMCp, 15 MaTPHQ3X H DpHJKHMaX BliTlI=«HblX IDTaMDolI), OTBepcTHB BhlnOJl-
H5IJ01'CiI CTyneIN3THMH.
IllTHclrrlJl He06xoj{llMo pacnOJIaraTh n3paJ1J1eJ1hHO H3npamJIeHHIO ABJaCeHHjI nyaHCOH3 HJIH M3TpHQbl (pHC. 4).
PekOMeH,D;8QHM no npMMeHeHHIO IlrrM4JT08
nJDI HanHIfMI1 0)\"011: M8CCHBHOH J\eTaJlH


.

"

PHCYHOIC 3
npHMeHeHHe IlrrM4JT08 C
pe3bOOBbiM OT&epCTHeM
-... ...
PHCYHOX 4
npH H3roTOBJleHHH H 3KCllJlY3T3UUH m1aMnOB 6o.nbmoe 3H31leHHe HMelOT cnoc06h1 KpCDJIeHHj[ n3ICeTOB H OCHOBHYX
Y3nOB IC HeCYHM DJlHT3M..
M3BecTHbI Tpa OCHOBHhlX cnoc06a:
C eHHhlM HanpaBneHHeM 33BHHWlHB3HH9 BHRTOB A1IR Bepxa H Ha3H mrn.Mna - CBepxy BHH3 (pHC. 53);
co BCTpeliHIJIM HanpamJIeHHCM 3aBlftlqHBaHHiI BHRTOB - OT nnHT J( HHCTpyMeHTY (pac. 56);
.
OT HHCTpYMeHT3 X nnHT3M (pHc.5B).
CxeM8 ICpenneUUH D8Keroa WTaMnOB
K HeCYIl.\HM I1JJHTaN
PHCYtiOX S ·

251
nCpBblC ABa cnoc06a ICpCDJIeHHj[ npHMeHSIIOTC5I. B OCHOBHOM, A;'HI MaJIora6apHTHIJIX wT3MnOB" B cpeAHHX H ICpynHo-
ra6apHTHbiX WT3Mn3X :uenecoot)pa3HO DpHMeHSlTb TpeTHH cnoc06, TalC KalC TaKoe Kpefl1leHHe A3eT B03MOJICHOCTb BblDOJ]-
HHTh ACMOHTaJIC RJIH 3aMeHY OT.QeJIbHIJIX .QCT3J1eii HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha npeccc.
B lCa)KJ:\OM WT3Mne CJleAYeT CTpeMHTbCj( " orpaHH1IeHHJO 1C000HIlecTBa THflopa3MepoB KpenC)lCHIJIX AeT3JIeit.
PaccrOJlHHR OT ICpaeB AeT3JIH 11.0 "peneJKHhlX OTBcpcmA H paCcro gHHR Me)K)J;Y COCeHHMH OTBepcTHSlMH onpeACng-
IOTCJl AonyclCacMOM npollHOCThIO COOTBeTCTBYIOHX YllaCTICOB AeT3JJeH WTaMlIOB.
PelCOMeRAYeMhlC pa3Mep pacnonDeHHg BHHTOB H mTH4n'oB B J1eT3JUIX mTaMflOB npHBeneHhI B Ta6JI. 4.
MHHHMAnhHO nOI1YCTHMLIE PA3MEPbl MECT KPEnnEHHlI B AETAJlKX WTAMnA

s
(

el,
HI
fl D IN q
UlmI1III,,#
n/J I7lrTJ4S;7


Ta6nuqa 4
N

i
P33Mep COCTOJlHHC cKpennx- DHaMeTp BHHTa (dB) HJ1M W'nfTa (dw) T MM
B o.eTaJJH eMOA CTaIlLHOft JleTWlH
6 8 10 12 14 16 20
38KaneHHax 10 12 14 16 18 22 26
A
He3aKaneHHax 7 9 II 13 IS 17 20
3aKaneHH8J1 16 20 23 26 30 36 42
B
He38KaneHHu 14 17 20 22 26 30 36
3aK81leHHaJI 12 IS 18 21 24 28 34
BJ
He3aK81leHHu 9 12 IS 18 21 24 30
-
3aKBnCHHU 5 6 7 8 9 10 12
C
He38J<81leHHax 3 4 S 6 8
3aJ<81leHHU 4 6 7 8 10 12 15
f
He3aK&lleHHWI 3 4 S 6 7 8 10
aKaneHH3X 10 IS 18 20 25 30 36
H
HC38K81leHHax 13 16 19
10 20 25 30
HI 12 IS 18
JlIo60e
h 7 9 11 13 IS 17 21
3aK8J1eHHU 9 11 13 IS ]6 20 2S
M
HC:JdKaneHHax 6 8 10 12 14 16 20
M I 10 12  16 18
22 28
3aK81leHHU
E 6 8 9 10 11 13 16

252
npI1JIO)KEHHE 3
OCHOBHbIE MEXAHHQECKHE CBoAcTBA IIITAMDYEMbIX MATEPHAJIOB,
TPEBYEMbIE IJPU PAC'IETE WTAMnOB
-
BpcMCHHOe HanpR:HCCHHe n pH
IlaHMeHona.HHe Mapl<a COCTORHHe conpoTHBneHHe Cpe3e (max).
MaTepHBII8 MaTepHana pa3pbmy (max), Ucp' Mfla (1CI'c/MM 2 )
0B. MDa (KTC/MM 2 )
CranL yrne POWfCT8R 05hIKHO" Cro He MeHee 300 (31 ) 270 (28)
HOBCHHOro t<:a qccrBii
rOCT 380 Cr IKn 390 (40) 3SU (36)
Cr ll1c. cr 1 en 410(42) 370 (38)
Cr lrnc 420 (43) 380 (39)
Cr 2Kn 410 (42) 370 (38)
Cr 2nc. Cr 2aJ 430 (44) 39U (40)
Cr 2rnc 440 (45) 400 (41)
Cr 3J<n 460 (47) 390 (40)
Cr 3nc. Cr 3m 480 (49) 410 (42)
Cr 3rnc 490(50) 420 (43)
Cr 41<D 510 (52) 430 (44)
Cr 4nc. Cr 4cn 530 (54) 450 (46)
Cr 4rnc 540 (55) 460 (47)
Cr 5nc, Cr 5cn 630 (64) 490 (50)
Cr s rnc 590 (60)
470 (48)
Cr 6nc. Cr 6cn He MeHee 590 (60)
npol<aT nHCTOBoA nnR 081(0 370 (38) 330 (34 )
xonoAHoA lIfI'aMl10IU<H 1i3
KOHcrpYkUHOHHOA 1<8- 08nc,08,10I<n 410 (42) 370 (38)
QecrBeIiHoR cranH
rOCT 4041 10nc;t 10 420 (43)
380 (39)
15Kn,15nc,15.20I<n 440 (45)
2Onc.20 K8TcropHH 1; 2 490 (50) 440 (45)
25nc,25 540 (55) 480 (49)
30 590 (60) 490 (50)
35 640 (65) 510 (52)
40 660 (67) 530 (54 )
npoK3T nHCloHo:l JJ)1J1 081<0.08nc KaTeropHJf 3
xonoW'lo"A WlaMIICI5J(tI 1i3
t<:UHl.-rpy J(MoHHOR K8- 0810 f{aTeropHJI 4 360 (37) 320 (33 )
1.lecrseHHolt cranH
rOCT4041 0810A
10lOA 410(42) 370 (38)
1510A J{aTeropHJI 2 440 (45) 380 (39)
20lOA 490 (50) 440 (45)

253
Upoo./lJICeHe
HIHMeHOBaHHe MaTepHana MapJ<a CoCTOJlHHe M8TepHana BpCMeHHoe mnponmne- HanpJl>KeHHe npH Cpe3e
HHe PpWBY (max) u. (max) , DCp'
MIJa (Krc/MM 2 ) 'Mfia (KrC/MM 2 )
npoklT TOHKOnHCTOBCR H9 yrne- 08KIt 260(27) 290 (30)
POlUfCToA CTIJIH KalieCTBeHHOR H
OISWJCHOSeHHOm 1<&1iCClBa 08nc.08.IOKII 390 (40) 350 (36)
rocr 16523
IOnc.10 410(42)
370(38)
151CIt. 15nc 440(45)
2Onc. 20 500(51) 420(43)
25 540 (.55) 460(47)
30 590(60) 490 (5 0)
3.5 640(6.5) 510(52)
---------
40 660(67) 530(54)
45 690(70) 550(56)
50 715 (73) 530(54 )
neRD x>nOlUlOKUaHHU H3 HH3KO- 08)(0, 08nc. 10KII 000 60 MgrKaJI 390 (40) 3.50(36)
_ymCPOlDlCTOI cranH faCT 503
03Kn, 08nc, OB. 101CIt. MarKU 440 (45) 390(40)
IOnc.l0
IIonyHllI'apTOBaHHU 510(52) %0(47)
HarapTOBaHHIUI 590(60) 530(54)
Bwoo KOHarapTOB aHHU He MCBee 540(55) 480(49)
fipoJ<aT ToHKOJ1HCToBOI XOJ10WlO- 0810 Bec.Ma 000(50 Q1o)l(lUU( B.I. 320(33) 290 (30)
KaT8HHwR H3 MlJ1oymepoWlcroR T.R]I(Ka
KaliecmeHHoI CfanH mUI XOJ10J1-
HOlt WT8MmBICII 00060 c.nO]l(Jlag a"TJI)KKa
CnoXCHalr BWTJ[)fCJ(a 350(36) 310(32)
OIlKn.OBnc BeCM. rny60Ku BWTJI)KKa 360(37) 320(33)
neHT8 X0110lJ.HOKBTaHIIHaJI H3 yrn& 15 490(50) 420 (43)
poJUlcml KOHcrpYkUHoHHOI £T.
nH rocr 2284 20 OrO)IOKeHHaJI .540 (55) 460 (47)
25 590 (80) 500(51)
.
30. 35 640(65) .510(52)
40, 45 690 (70) 550 (5 6)
50,5.5 73.5 (75)
60 65. 70 530(53)
15 785 (80) 670 (68)
20 835 (85) 710(72)
25 HarapTOB8IIH8Jl 880 (90) 7.55 (77)
30. 3.5 930 (95) 745 (76)
40.45 1030 (1 05) 825 (84)
50 5.5 1080(110) 815 (83)
60.65.70 1130(11.5) 795 (81)

254
flpQ()Q./IxeH14e
HaH MeJlOI!8HHe MaTcpHana
MapJ<B.
CoCTOJlHHe MaTepHana
BpeMeHHoe cortpomBne- HanpJl)ICee npH pe3e
HHe Pa3p.IBY (max) OR (max). 0Cp.
Mn. (KrC/MM 2 ) \IDa (Krt/MM 2 )
npOKaT TOHonHCTOBoA H3 KOHCT. 09r2, 09r2D 440(45) 370 (38)
PYKLlHOHHOR HH3KOneI"MpoBaHHOA .
CTanH rocr 17066 14r2. 2rC 460 (47) 390 (40)
16rC. 09r2C. 1 Or2Cl t
10r2CIA, 09r2C..u, 490 (50) 410(42)
14XrC.15XQUl
17rC. 15r 510(52) 430(44)
IOXH.nn 470(48) 400(41)
IOXQUl 530(54) 450(46)
CranL KOHCTpYIGlHOHHU nel'Hpo- 25XrCA TeDMHQeCKH o6pa6oTaHHu 690 (70) 550 (56)
B8HHU B&lroKOKaqeCTBCHHU (YMSrIfeHHU) H11H HOpMaJUl.
cneuHaTllJHoro R83HaQCHHJI :JOB8HKU
roer 11268 rocr 11269 30XrCA 735 (7.5) 590 (60)
 -
neHT8 xonOJ].HOJ<aT8HHU 1f3 sor. 60r, 65r 7 Y7. :E OrO)JQl(eHHU 640(65) 480(49)

HHCTpYMeHTanlaHoA H npY)IQIHHoA Y8,Y8A "l
cranK fOCT 2283 ..... HaraproB 8HJWI 1180(120) 710(72)
8
U')
6.
c:
 OrO)l()KCJIHU 735 (75) 560(57)
:E
"!
...... 1180(120)
'4) HaraproBaJUbUI 710(72)
a
:I
fS
U')
:s:
D.
C
-
Y8r,Y8rA,Y9,Y9A, OrOJl()f(eHHaJl 735 (75) 560 (57)
YI0,YIOA,YII.YIIA,
Y12. YI2A. 8S HanpToBHHHaJi 1180 (120) 710 (72)
Y13" YI3A, OrO)l(HHaJl 880 (90) 670 (68)
9X. 13X 930 (95) 710 (72)
P9, X6B 880 (90) 670 (68)
50XA. 60C2A,
60C2. 65C2B2, 70C2XA HaraproBaHHaJl 1180 (120) 710 (72)
J1eHT3 1I3 LanH Mapol<: Ill<n 360 (37) 320 (33)
11 KII H JIIOA
rocr 8851 IJIOA 410(42) 370 (38)
lloJl0CbI fiHMCTaJUlHeCKHe 6 181<:n 400(40.5) 315 (32)
EHMCCd.nn 1
rOCT 806 1810A 430 (44) 340 (35)

255
HpodoJ1JlCCHUe
BpeMeHHOe HanpR:HroHHCnpH
HIHMeHOB&HHe MapK8 CocrOaHHe con poTHBnCHHC cpe3e (mc1X).
MaTepHBna Mare pH ana pa3P&ISY (max) , 0cp' Mila (J<:rC/MM 2 )
DB. Mila (KrC/MM 2 )
JIeHTLI H3 anJOMHHIUI II amo- A7. A6. AS, OrO)l()KeHHhle 60 (6) SO (5)
MHHHeBLlX CDJIaBOB AO, AJIO. AJ11
rOCT 13726 Hara prOB8HH hIe 150 (I S) 120 (12)
6e3 TepMHqeCKOI o6pa60TKH 70 (7) 60 (6)
AMU OrO)IOlccHH.le 90 (9) 70(7)
nonYlfaraproBo.llHbIe 150 (15) 120 (12)
TpHllleTBepTHHaraproB8HHhle 235 (24) 190 (19)
Mara proBaHHLle 190 (19) 150 (1 S)
6e3 TepMH'IeCKOA 06paOOTKH 100 (10) 80 (8)
OrO)K)!(eHHbIe 170(17) 140 (14)
QelBepTOHarapTOBaHHe 295 (30) 235 (24)
AMr2 DonYHara prOB&HHIC 315 (32) 2S5 (26)
TpHlJeTaepTMHanpTOBaHHLle 350 (36) 285 (29)
HaraprOB3HHbIe 265 (27) 215 (22)
Be:t TepMH'IeCKo:A o6pa6oTJ(Jt 180(18) 140(14)
Oro )I()keHHLle 200 (20) 160(16)
AMr3 fionYHara prOB&HHbIe 245 (25) 200 (20)
Be:) TepMHqeCKOI 06paOOTKH 190 (19) 150(15)
OT01lC)KeHHhle 275 (28) 215 (22)
AMrS
6e3 TepMH'IeCKOA o6pa6oTKH
OrO*'KeHHbIe
AMr66. AMr6 315 (32) 255 (26)
5e3 repMH'IecJ<ajt o6pa60TKH
HaraproB8HHhle 370 (38) 295 (30)
J1eHT LI H3 anJOMHHHj( H 81110- AH Oro *'KeHH hIe I SO (IS) 120 (12)
MHHKeBLlX amasOB
rOcr 13726 6e3 TepMHteCKoA o6pa(50YKH 295 (30) 235 (24)
DlA OrO*'KeHbIe 235 (24) 190 (19)
6e3 TepMHqeCKOA 06paOOTKH 350 (36) 285 (29)
11161) OrO)l()KeHHIC 23S (24) 190 (19)
-_-=.0.
D16A 6e3 repMH'leCKol o6pa60TKH 410 (42) 330 (34)
BDl I). BlIl A OrO)lnKCHHIC 245 (25) 200 (20)
-- --------
Be3 -repMH'IeCKOA 06paficm<H 335 (34) 265 (27)
B9S-26.B9S2A 6e3 repMH'IeCKOI o6pa6oTKH 315 (32) 255 (26)
---.-------
AKJ16. AKMA OrO)l(HH.le 245 (25) 200 (20)

256
IlpoOoJIJICeHue
BpcMCHHoe HanpJI*HHe n pH
HaHMeHOB3HHe MapK8 COCTOAHHe COf1pOTItOneHJfC Cpe3C (max).
M8TepH811a MaTepHana pa3pLIBY (n-lax). O'cp. Mna (I<rC/MM 1 )
0.,. Mila (KrC/MM'1.)
JlHcrbl H3 anlOMHHHR H 81110- A 7. A6, AS. 1\0. OrO:HCHHbJe 60 (6) SO (S)
MHHHeBblX mnSBOB Al107 Alll
rOCT 21631 fionYHarapToBaHHLle 100 (IU) 80 (H)
--
11
HaraproBaHHhle 150 (15) 120 (12)
6e3 Te pMHlleCKOA Or5pa(50Tl(M 70 (7) 60 (6)
AMu, AMuC OrO)IOKCHHbIe 90 (9) 70 (7)
fionYHal'apl'oB&HHIC ISO (15) 120 (12)
Hal'aproBallHLlc 190 (19) 1.50 (15)
Be3 TepMH'leCKOR 06pa&nJ<M 100(10) 80 (8)
.fi12 OrO:HC)l(eHHbIe 160 (I 6) 130 (13)
IlonYHa"'apToIIBHHHIC 220 (22.5) 180(18)
AMr2 OrO)l(>Ire Hii II Ie 170(17) 140 (14)
fion)'HarapronaHHbIe 235 (24) 190(19)
Harap"oBaHHlc 265 (27) 215 (22)
6e3 TCPMHqCCKOI 06paOOTKH 180 (18) 1.50 (15)
OrO:HC)l(eH H hIe 200 (20) 160 (16)
AMr3 rIoJ1YHa rapToBaJlHLle 245 (25) 200 (20)
6e3 TepMH'IeCKoA OrJpafioTICH 190(19) 150 (15)
---- ---- -
AMr5 OrO)IOKeHHhle H &3 Te pMH'leCJ<OA
o6pa60TKM 275 (28) 215 (22)
AMr66. AMr6 315 (32) 265 (27)
AMr6Y OrO)l()I(eHHIC 275 (28) 215 (22)
150 (15) 120(12)
AB 3aKaneHllhle H HCKycCTBeHHo
COCTd pcHHHIC 295 (30) 235 (24)
Ee:t TepMHIleCKOR o6paOOTKH
------------- - -...
3aK8J1eHHbIe H Ct'TCcrBCHHO
cocrapcHHhle 200 (20) 160 (16)
OrO)l('KeHHhle 235 (24) 190 (19)
.filA 3al<aneHHhle H ecreCTBeHHO
cocrapcHHbIe 37.0 (38) 295 (30)
Ec] TepMHtecKol o6pa6an<H 350 (36) 285 (29)

251
npoOOltXeHue
BpcMeHUOe HanpR)KeHHel1pH
HaHMeHoBafUle MapK8 CocrOJlHHe COnpoTHBneHHe Cpe3e (max) 'I
MaTepH8II8 MaTepH81la pa:JpLIBY (max). 0cp Mfia (KI'C}MM 2 )
O.B Mfia (KrC}MM:J)
1IHCTW H3 anJOMHIIH_ H aruo. R166, J116 OrOJlOlCellHlde 23S (24) 190 (19)
MHHaeBIdX CJm8BOB
rocr21631 3aK8J1eHHlaie H ecrecrBcHHo
cocrapeHHhle 440 (4S) 350 (36)
Han prOB&HHIC nocne 38IGUIKH
H ecrecrBeHHoro C1apeHHJT 475 (48.S) 380 (39)
--
OrO)IOKeHHbIe 23S (24) 190 (19)
J116A 3aKaneHHhle H ecrecrBcHHQ
cocrapellHbIe 42S (43,S) 340 (3S)
Be3 TepMH'leCKo1l: o6pa60TKH 410 (42) 330 (34)
DI6A HanproB&HHhle nocne 38Kan KH
H ecrecrBellHoro crapeHHJl 4SS (46,S) 360(37)
OrO)l()KeHHlde 235 (24) 190(19)
J116Y 3aKaneHHhle H ecrecrBeHHo
-cocra peHHlde 40S (415) 320 (33)
B9SA OrO)IOKeHHhle 245 (25) 200 (20)
---
3axaneRHLle H HCKYCCTBeHHO
cocrapeHHbIe 490 (SO) 390 (40)
6e3 TepMH'leCKOI o6pa60TKH
B9.5-2A. OrO)l('KeHHhle 24 (2S) 200 (20)
B9S-1A, AKMA
3a1<8JICHHlde H ecreCTBeHHO
co crape HHbIe 3}.S (32) 2SS (26)
Be3 TepMH'leCKOI o6pa6an<H
CAnB B9S2A)
OrO)K)l(eHHLle 245 (2S) 200 (20)
Blll A, BllL,
BID 6 3aKUeHH:h1e H ecreCTBcHHO
cocrapeHHIC 33S (34) 275 (28)
6e3 re pHM'IeCKOA o6pafioTJ<H
J1eHTLI naTYHHIC o6I1tCro MJlI'J(oe 370 (38) 29S (30)
Ha3Ha'leHHJI
rocr 2208 fl90 nonyrBep.Qoe 440 (41) 320 (33)
TBepAoe He Mellee 3S0(36) 28S (29)
MJII1(oe 360 (37) 29S (30)
nas noJ1YTBepe 430(44) 340 (3S)
TBepJlOe He MeHee 39O(4U) 31S (32)
MJllxoe 370 (38) 29S (30)
flSO fionYTBe p.Qoe 430(44) 340(35)
TBePl{oe He MeHee 390(40) 31 S (32)

258
l1poC>oue
BpeMeHHOe HanpR)KeUHe npH
HaM MeHOBaHHe MapK8 Co croIlIiHe COnpoTHBneHHe CpC:JC (max) ,
MaTepHana M8TcpHana pa3pLIBY (max), 0cp' Mna (Jerc/MM 2 )
os. Mila (Krc/MM 2 )
JleHTLI nSTYHHbIe o61l.tro MJln<oe 390 (40) 315 (32)
Ha3Ha-.eHHR
rOCT 2208 n68 OoJ1YTBePAOe 470 (48) 370(38)
TBepAoe 540 (55) 430 (44 )
Oco60 TBepoe He Meuee 520(53) 410 (42)
Ihtcrbl H nOnOCL( naT)'HRbIe Mlln<oe 410 (42) 330(34)
rOCT 931
J163 fion}iTBepAoe 470 (48) 370 (38)
TBepAoe 570 (S 8) 450(46)
Oco60 TBepAoe 640 (65) 510 (52)
fipy>KHHHOTBepJJ;oe He MCBee 610 (62) 490 (50)
MJlrKoe 490 (50) 390 (40)
'"
nC59-1 TBep.o.oe 640(65) 510 (52)
Oco60 TBep;o;oe He MeHee 590 (60) 470 (48)
MRn<oe 490 (SO) 390(40)
nMuS8-2 nOn)'TBe p;o;oe 5YO (60) 41() (42)
TBep.o.oe He MeHee 570(58) 450 (46)
1lHCTbl H nonoeLl Ml:tJ,HbIC MI, Mlln<oe 265 (27) 215 (22)
.
rOCT 495 Mlp, i;
M2, 01 fionYTBep.u.oe 315 (32) 245 (25)
M2p, t:
5
M3. TBep.u.oe 295 (30) 235 (24)
M3p
46C> 200 (20) 180 (18)
:P
-.
. Co. toe
OC\'l

JbiCTbl H] TK1.aHa H "lH- BTl-{)O 295 (30)
1°aHOBLIX aln8BOB
rOcr 22178 BTl-{) 370 (38)
OT4-0 470 (48)
OT4-) 590 (60)
OT4 690 (70)
BT5-1 735 (75)
BT20 OrO)l(HHbIe 935 (95)
.flHcrLl H:J THT8Ha H TH- BT6C Oro )I()J{eHHbIe 830 (85)
TRH08blX cnnaBOB
rocr 22178 3aKaneHHhle H IICK)'CcroeHHo
cOcr8pcHHbIe 1000 (103)

259
npofkJlIXeHue
HIHMeHOBaHHe
MaTepHana
MapK8
CocrOJIHHe
M8-repJlaJIa
BpeMeHHOe
COnpoTHBneHMe
pa3pblBY (max) "
0B' Mfia (KrC/MM J )
HanpsOlceuHe "PH
CpC3e (InaX),
OCP' Mna (KrCJMM)
BT14
OrO)l('KeHHhle
87 S (90)
3aKaneHHide H HCKYCCl'BeRHO
cocrapeHHhle
1110(120)
6pa
160 (16)
rHTHHaKC
ISO (1S)
140 (14)
CreKDOTeJCcroJlHT
Ka prOH acl5ecroBhIR
TeJ<CTOnHT
120(12)
MHkaHHT KOIlJIeKTopHhIR
100 ltU)
CreKno OpraHHlleCl<oe
90 (9)
BHHHTlJ1lcr
QuoJ].a J<OH;:teHcaTOpHaJI
80 (8)
npcCCWnaH
5aKanHT
70 (J)
l..\ennyJ1olUJ.
60 (6)
KO)1(8 H6neHH8.J1
su lS)
I1oJ1H3THJ1eH
KaprOH. YMara
40 (4 )
""
CaRHel1 HHCTOBOA
360HHT
30 (3)
Pe3HH8
10(1)
nPliJIOXEHIiE 4
npE,nFJIbHhIE OTKnOHEHH5I no lliHPHHE xonOAHOKATAHOa JIEHTbI
113 yrnEPOAHCTOa KOHCTPYKHOHHOa CTAnH no rOCT 2284
TonlltHHa neHTW np.eenLHoe OT1<J10HeHHe BO 11IHpHHe
lIJIJI o(Spe3HOA neHTW D,n.H He06peJHOI neHTW
HOpM311ld1oR TO'DfOCl'H nOBWWCHHOR TO'DfOCIH
Jk> 100 Ca. 100 Ca. 300 Jk> 100 01. J 00 Ca. 300 JJo SO 01. SO C8.300
no 300 JJf) 300 JJf) 300
Or 0,10 Ao 0,,63 -0,3 -0,4 -05 -0,2 -O..i -0.4
. +2 +3 +4
01. 0.63 I' 1,00 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.3 -O4 -0,5
-1 -2 6
If 1.00 II 4,00 -0.6 -0:.7 -0.8 -0.4 -0,5 -0.6

260
nPIiJIOXEHHE 5
nPEEJIbHbIE OTKnOHEHHSI no WHPHHE JIEHTbI H3 HHCfPYMEHTAJ1bHOit
u npY)KHHHoit CfAJlH no roCf 2283
npe.QenWioe OTl<nOHeHHe no WHpHHe
Tl1J1wnHa lbul Oftpe3HOA nCHTLI lbur Heofipe3HoA:
J1eHf LI neHTLI
HopMaJlWioA TOljHOCIH nOBLJIIIeHHott 'lOIlHOCTH
J{o 100 CD. 100 Ca. 300 .no 100 Ca. 100 (:a. 300 J{o50 C.u. .50 01.300
no 300 o 300 11.0 300
Or 0,10 o 0.63 -0..3 -0..4 0,5 -0,2 -0,3 -0.4
+2 +3 +4
Ca 0,63 1.00 -0.4 -0,5 -0,6 -0.3 -n.4 0.5
-1 -2 -6
1.00 4,00 0,6 -0,7 -0.8 -0..4 -O,S -0.6
nPliJIOXEHliE6
nPEEJ1LHhlE OTKnOHEHUSI no TonmllHE J\HCTOBOR roPSI'IEKATAHHOit CTARH no rocr 19903
TcnlUfHa CTaIIM npC;lleJIJ.HOe OTKI10HCHHC 110 TOJ1utH H e CT8JJH "PH 11IHpHHe
(nHCTLI M pynoHbI)
Or 500 o 150 (B. 7S0no 1000 (B. 1 ()()() no 1 SOO 01.1 SOOo 2000 01.200011.0 2300
nOBLllliCH- HOpMaJ1J.. fiOBLIWCH- HopManJ.. nOBLlweH- HOpM8J1J.. nOBLIWCH HopManlr nOBb1Wti HopMan..
HU TO'" HM TO'l- HM TOQ- HM TOIJ- HM TOQ- BU TO" HM TOQ- HU TOQ- HU TOQ- HU TOil-
HOCTh HOCTL HOCn. HOCTh HOcn HOCTh HOCn. HOCTJ. Hocn 1I0Cn.
npOKa'1:KH npoJ<aTKH npoK3TKH npoJ<aTIQI npoKaTKH npoJ<aTKH npo'KaTKH npoJ<aTJOf npol<aTKH npol<aTKH
Or 0,40 o 0,50 +0,05 :1:0,07
CB. 0,50 o 0,60 1: O. 06 1:0.08
" 0,60 II 0.7S 0.07 :to,09 :to,07 :1:0.09
" 0.75 " 0,90 :I: 0,08 0..1 0 :!: 0,08 :to.l0
090" 1 .10 :!:0,09 fO.l1 :!:O,09 ! 0,12
-- --
" I ,1 0 If 1.20 :to,10 0.12 :to,11 :!:O) 3
" 1,20" 1.30 :to,13 :1:0.14 :I: 0.1 5
1:0.11 !:0,12 :10.12
1 ,30" 1 ,40 %0,14
:to.1 S
" I 40 · 1 60 :1:0,12 :1:0.13 :to,13
, ,
:t 0..15
., 1 ,60 " 1,80 !: 0.) 3 1: 0.14 j:O,14 :!:O,18
-- :!: 071 7
" 1 80 It 2 00 :to, 1 4 .t 0, 16 :to,15 :to.16 to, 1 7
" .
:to,20
2,.00 " 2..20 :t 0,15 :to:.17 :I: 0.16 0.18 %0,1 7 :!0,19 :10,18
" 2 20 h2 2 50 :to.16 :!: 0,1 8 :to,17 :!:0.19 +018 :t 0,20 :!:0:.19 :to.21
., , - ,
II 2,50" 3:.00 :to,1? 1:0,19 0,18 :1:0,20 0.l9 :1:0,21 :t:0,20 :1:0,22 :to,23 *0 25
,
'I 3.,00" 3,50 :to,18 1:0,20 :!:0,19 :t 0,21 :to,20 0,23 :to.22 0:t24 t.O,26 :1:0,29-
----. - ----
,. 3,50" 3,90 :1:0.20 :!:0,22 :1:0,21 1:0 7 '23 i:0 ,22 0,24 :to,24 :1:0,26 0728 :1:0.31
CB. 3,90 DO S,50 +0,10 ... 0,2"0 +0,15 +0,30 +0,10 +0,30 +0,20 +040 +0.25 +0.45
7
-0.40 -0.40 · .-0,40 -0,40. -0,50 -0,50 -0,50 -0,50 -0,50 -0,50
n S,SO" 7.50 +0.10 +0.10 +0.20 +0,10 +0,25 +0.20 +0,40 +0,25 +0..45
-0,50
-0,50 - 0,60 - D,,60 -0,60 -0,60 -0.60 -0.60 -0,60 -0,60
II 7,SO" 1 0,00 +0.1 0 +0,10 +0,20 +0,20 +0,30 +0,20 +0.35 +0,25 +0,45
0..80
-0.80 -0,8 0 -0.80 -0,80 0,80 -0,80 0.80 -0:.80 -0,80
.-  ------------ -

261
nPliJIOXEHI1E 7
npE,nFJIbHhIE OTKJJOHEHHSI no TOJlIIUiHE RHCTOBOR
xonOAHOKATAHHoit CTAJIH no rOCT 19904
hpeAeJ1WfOe OTJ(1IOHeHHC DO TonntHHe npH 11IHpHHC CTIJIH (J1HCTW H PYJlOHLI)
TOnll\HH8 CT811H Or 500 no 750 Ca. 7.50 no 1000 Ca. 1000 JJ.O ISOO 01 1.5001\02000 01. 20001Jf) 2300
(nBCI'Ll H pynOHLI)
nOBLIWeH- HopM8I1J.. nOBLIWeH- HOpM811J.. fiOBWWeH- HopManJ.. nos LlweH- HOpM8J1J.. fioBldweH- HOpManJ..
H8JI TOQ- Hall TOQ- Hall TOQ- Hall TOQ- Hall TOQ- Hal( TOQ- BU TOQ- BU TOQ- HU TOQ- HU TOQ-
Hocn Bocn Hocn HoCTIl Hocn Hocn HOcn HOcn HOCTh HOCTh
npoK8TJ<H npoK8TKH OpoK8TKH npoJ<aTIGI npoJ<aTKH npoKaTKH II poK3TKH npoKaTKH npoK8TKH npoJ<.aTIQI
0,35; 0.40 1:0.03 :1:0,04 :to.03 :to ,04 .:to,04 -to,OS
0,45; O.SO :1:0.04 to.OS :to,04 :tOOS :I: 0, OS :1:0.06
01. 0,5 0 11IJ 0,65 :to.06 :1:0,05 :t0,06 :!:0.07 :1:0,07 :1:0,09
:I: O. OS :to,,06
., 0.65 ., 0.90 :1:0,07 :1:0.06 008 :to,08 :1:0:.09 :to 11
,
tr 0,90 II 1,20 :1:0,07 :1:0:.09 0.O8 :10,,09 :to.ll :1:0.10 :!:O,13
:t 0.10
II 1 .20 '1 1,40 0.O8 :to, 1 0 :to,09 to.l0 0.12 :1:0 12 :t 0.1 S
,
" 1,40 II 1:.50 f:0.09 :t 0,11 :1:0,10 :!:0.12 tO,11 :to,13 :to,13 :1:0,16
" 1:.50 " 1.80 :1:0,11 :1:0,13 :1:0.12 O,14 :1:0,12 :!:0.15 :!:0.14 :!:O,17
" 1,80 II 2,00 :to. 12 :1:0.14 :1:0,13 .:to,IS :t 0.1 3 :1:0,16 %O,IS 0,18
" 2.00" 2.50 *0.14 :1:0,16 ;t0,1 S :1:0.1 7 1:0.1 S :1:0,18 :I: 0.18 :to.20 :!:0.20 :1:0.23
" 2,50" 3.00 :to.lS :t 0.17 :I: 0.16 :!:0,18 :1:0.16 :t'0.19 :1:0.19 :I: 0,22 :1:0.21 :l:0,2S
" 3.00" 3.20 :1:0.1 7 :1:0,19 1:0,18 :1:0.21 i:0.20 :to.23 :to 22 J:0,27
,
%0,16 O,18
If 3 20'} 4 00 :to,18 :to,20 :!:O,19 :1:0.22 :to.21 :!:O,24 0.23 :!:0.28
, ,
-
" 4,00" S .00 :1:0,18 :to,20 :to.19 :1:0.20 :!:0,23 1:0,22 :to,2S J:0.25 :1:0,30
llPliJIO)I(EHIiE 8
npEJJ:EJlbHbIE OTKJIOHEHIfiI no WHPHHE JlATYHHOit nEHThI no rOCT 208
npeJ1.eJIWloe OTK110HCHHC no WHpHHe npK TonlltHHe
IIlHpHH8 nCHTW
J{o 1.0 BI<1IJOQ. Ca. 1.0
HOpM811W1oA nOBLlweH- HOpM811LHOR nOBWWCHHOR
TOquOCIH Hol TO Q- TOQHOCm TO'DIOC11t
HJ'OTOBJler HoCIH H3- H3I"OTOllnC- H31-oTOBJTeHH.JI
HHS J'OTOBJ}e- HHJI
HH.JI
10. 12, IS, 18,20.22.
2S. 28. 30, 3S, 40, 45. -04 -0.7 -0,6
.
SO, 60. 80, 90:. 100. 120.
ISO
180.200.220.250,280 -0.7 -1.0
300, 350,400. 4S0. SOO,
600 -12 -1,0 -1:.6 -1.2
.

262
nPIiJIO)KEHIiE 9
npE):{EJIbHbIE OTKJIOHEHIiSl no LUIiPHHE ME):{HOH.nOJIOCbI no rOCT 495
IlpeneJlLHoe OTJ(J1(1HeH{f lIu tll'HpnHe npH .10IlI!tHHC
IJJJ1plfH3 nonOCbI
lIo I Ii l<JJJ()lJ
CB- 1 }1n 2 R f<J11\11l.
('1\ - 2 no 3 n K1T J()q.
CB. 3 J],l1 b B KJIIO'l.
HOpMaJ1- JlonhllllcH- HopMaJ1b- n()RbllllCH- HOpMaJ1&- nClBbIllleH. HOpM811 Wi OA nl.1BLlweHHo.lt
HoR TO 110ft TOil' HOlt 1'U4- noR TOll'- HUn '10'" HoA T04- TOlffiucnl TCJL!HOCn1
HnCIJI IfOCn1 HOCl1i HOC11t IIOl;I1i Hocn1
40 - I 00 -1.0 -0..3 1.,0 0.4
101 - ISO 0.,4 0.,6
-- - -l,5 ---- -1.5
151 300 n 7 7 -1.,0
---
301 - 600 -2 10 0 -1.2 3.,0 I.,S
---
2,,0
1,5
3,0
-2,5
-3,5
-3,0
-3 7 0 -2,0
4 0
,
-3,5
nPliJIOXEHJ1E 10
npE):{EJIbHbIE OTKJIOHEHlfSI no LUIiPUHE nEHTbI
03 AJIIOI\fIiHI1S1 H AJlIOMMHIiEBblX CnJIABOB no rOCT 13726
IIpeJJ.enbHoe OTK1TOHCHHe no WHpHHC
TonUtHHa
11n'IbJ
aT 40 110 200
.200no400
CB. 400 1J.O 600
CB. 600 no 1000
Or 0,25 1\ 0 I.OQ
CIL 1 ,00 It 2,00
') 2 ..no" 3.00
o.s
:!:2,0
111.0
s)o
+0,6
:1:3.0
nPlinOXEHIiE II
PACIIET BblPYBHOrO lliTAMnA
npolf3BCCTU paC'leT Jl)1J1 Bblpy6KH l!CT3J1CH (pHC. 1) Ha npecce 10 KH (10 TC).
MaTepUaJl: MM rOCT 13726
PacICpoA MaTepUana
no Ta6JI. 7. HaXOlJ:HM BeJlH'IHH:bI nepeMlilleK
6 = 1,7.MM H 6 1 = 1,2 MM.
no <!>opMYJle (5). OIlpeeJ1HeM WHPUUY noJlOCbl
AonycK All Ita IIIHPHHY noJlOCbl ycrauaBJIHBaeTCSJ no Ta6J1. 8. A.Il = 0,5.MM.
nOJl}"leHHOe 3Ha'leHHe mHpHHhI OOJlOCN B oKpyrneHo B 6o.nbmylO CTOpoHY lJ:O QeJloro HCJla.
Ha pHC. 2 ITOK333HO pacoo.nOJKeHHe lJ:eTaneH Ha nOJloce.
(t
.
4
IQ)


II,'!D.1'
"
....-
at
-0
6'

I
t:
PItCytiOIC 1
'1,7-..
,....
,
If ,2
..
..
.,.

...
PItCYHOK 2
· B npHJ10>KeIfHRX aHbl CChI.'JKH 113 4>oPMYJlbl)ll T86.:JMllbl, np"IIe.JWHHble B OCItOBHQM MaTepHa.ne..

Onpe,a;eJISIeM no pMyJte (1) K03QxPHUI1.CHT HCI10;lh30BaHJIH MClTepHa..13
= Pi) . 100 = 60.7 · 62 .-11,9 · 27,9 . 100 == 343! . 100 =83 9 01
'1 Fs 61,9 · 66 4085 , 10
Y CI1J111e Bblpy6xH
YCHJ1HC BhlP)'6KH onpeeJ1eM no pMYJte (6)
P=L. s "GB =269 "1 " 120 =32380H(3328J:zc)
npH no;ICIJeTC nepHMeTp3 p3l1U)'CJMU R npeHe6peracM BBHJ1Y HX MaJ]lJIX 3HaQeuHA.
Tpe6ycp.,(oc )'CIL'1HC npccca onpCCJlHCM no pMyne (7)
P = 25  = 1,25 · 32280  40 H(4 )
nJ 1000 1000 K me
Tpc6)'CMOC )JCHJ1lfe MCHhwe HOMHH3.11bHOro )'CHJ1MSI npccca P  p3BItOro 100 KH (10 TC).
YCHiIHt: AJJSI CHlITHJI OTXODOB C nyaHcol1 onpe,a;eJ1HCM no pMyne (10)
Pcn = P " Kcn = 322800,025 = 807 KH (80,7 KTC)
YCIIJlHC ACT.1JlH nJIH npoT3.liKHBaUUH JICT8JIII qepc M3TpUftV onpeeJIHeM no cPopM)'Jtc (11'
P np S& P · K np .. 322800,03 - 968,4 KH (96 7 84 ICrc)
:QellTp naBJleHHtI WTaMn3
ARB onpe!1eJ1CHH5I IteHTpa MSJ1eHHRmTaMna Bbl6Hp3eM OCH KoopuHaT Xu Y, 1<,1K nOI<i:1P'i3ItO H:a pnHC. 3- KGl Jill'.
Thl QCH1'pa ni.iRJTCHHB WT3M1Ia XO, }b onpeI{eJlReM COTJlaCHO n. 5.3..02..
xO = /1,,(1 + 12x2 + 13xJ ...lnxn = (11 + 11P + 11.9 · 2 · 5.95 + 27.9 · 11,9 +60.7 · 2 · 30.35 .i"_ 2 ' . _.1 = 2t; 4 wtI
II + 12 + 13 + ... III 269 - .
B H3npaRJfCHHU OCM Y nlTaMnYCMaJi AeTaJJh CHMMeTpUIJHa, n03'roMy
Is 62
}b ="2- =2 =31,1,4,1,4.
'rO'llKa nepCCCCHHB KOOP.llHH3T XO H }b 1eT UCKOMIJIH QeHTp 1BJICHUJI WTaMna E.
r
I

J
x.
t
1
:!
I..
el


.l,
&J !..
l"

::; t .
,t I
I
X J
t .
oX ..L
PHCYHOIC 3
t,., _I. +46
PlfCYHOK 4
Pac'ICT HcnOJ1HHTe.llhHLlX pa3MepoB MaTpHbI H nyallcoH3
Onpe!1eJ1SleM UCfiOnHHTeJlbHIJIC pa3Mcphl 1TpHQIJI (pHCo. 4) JVJJI BHpy6KH l<oHTypa.
npHnyCKH &1 H3HOC " onyCICH Ha H3fOTOBJ1eHHC npUIIHM3er no Td6..TI. 16.

264
PaC\fer HCnOJlHMTeJlbIlHX pa3MCpoB npoH3BO):{HM no 4>oPM)'naM TOO..TI. 15..
a) WJj( pa3MCpoB aeT3JIH. YBeJIH'IHBaIOII{HXCjI npH H3Hoce MaTpHl1hl t cornaCHO 4>oPMyne (1 S)
LM = (L H - n) +<);
LMI = (60,7 -0,3) =60,4 +o.08.MAl;
B M2 =(62 -0.3) =61,7+0.08 .MAli
BM3 = (17 -0,18) = 16,82+0,035 MAC;
6) WJJI pa3MCpoB aera.n:H, YMeHhwalODUlXCJI npH H3Hoce M3TpHQ.bI, cornaCHO 4>oPMyne (12)
LM = (LH + n)-(};
BM4 = (27,9 +0,20) =28,1-0.045 .11M;
B) nnJl pa3McpoB lleT3J1H, OCTalOIItHXCK \lCH3MeHHblMH "PH H3HOCe WT8Mna, corJlaCHO 4>oPMync (24)
LM = L H :t 0,5l\;
1.M5 = 11,9 :to,5 · 0,.2 = 11,9 :to, I MM.
Ha qepTee nyaHcoH3 npocT3BJU11OTCJI HCn01JHHTeJIHIHC pa3MephI M3TP H lI.Y (6e3 ,AOnYCKOB H ae.naeTCj( HaABHCb
"nyaHcoH npHnl3Tb no MaTpIIQe C 3330poM Z - 0,050 MM.'.. Be.nH'IHHY 3330pa onpeJ:{eJ1J1eM no Ta6..TI. 13.
J{JUI TOro, 'ITOOW H3roTOBHTh NaTpHY no OTTHCKY nyaHcoH3, HYJK:HO ODpeAeJ1HTb HCDOJIHHTeJ1hHhlC pa3Mcpbl nyall-
COlla (pllc. 5). MaTpHna opa6aTYBaeTCg no nyaHCOH)' C 3330poM Z" 0,050 MM..
J
;,
.
.,
:!
..

I
.I
-
I
"
..
...

./
LIJ, 'S '4" -",
PHCyHOK S
PHCYHOK 6
I1cnoJIHHTeJlbllble pa3Mcpbl nyaHcoH3 pacc'lHTYBaeM no Ta6n.. 15, npHnycKH lJa H3HOC H aonyclC lIa H31'OTOBJICHHC -
no Ta6..TI.. 16.
a) WJH p33MepoB aeT3J1H, yileJ1H1lHB3IOIqHXCB npH H3Hoce WTaMna. cornaCHO 4>opMync (16)
Ln =(L H -n -z +)-(}/;
Lit} = (60,7 - 0,3 - 0,05 + 0,08)-1).08 = 60,43-1).08 .11M:
Bn 2 = (62 - 0,3 - 0,05 + 0,08)-1).08 = 61,73-1).08 MM;
b rJ3 = (J 7 - 0,18 - 005 + 0,035)-1),035 = 16,8 -1).035 MM;
6) WJj( p33MCpoBeTaJlH, YMCHbWalOIQHXCSI npH H3Hoce mTaMn3. COrJI8Cllo4>opMyne (13)
Ln =(L H +n +z -c5)+<)'
b 1l4 = (27,9 + 0,20 + 0,05 -0,045)+0.045 = 28,1 +0.045 .11M;
B) AJIJI p33MCpoS .QeTa.1IH, OCT3IOII{HXCSI HeH3MCHHhlMH npH H3Hoce WTaMna COTJlaCHO 4>oPMync (24)
Ln = L,. :t 0,5l\;
Ins = 11,9 + 0,5 · 02 = 11,9 :tO,1 MM..
npo$Wlb pa60'lcro OTBepcTHJI M3TPHQhI
Pa60qec OTBCpcrHC MaTpHl{hI B pacCMaTHBaeMOM npHMcpe npHHHMaeM no Ta6..TI. 20 mn II (c KOHH'tIeCKHM npos3J1b-
HhlM OKHOM). 3JIeMCHThI n)(xl)JtnJl pa601Jcro OTBCpcrHSI BHoopacM no Ta6..11. 21

265
PaCCTOJlHHC MC)KlIY HanpaBllJlIOUUfMH nJl3HK3MH
PaCCTORHHC MCY H3npaB)1S1IOInHMH lIJIaHK3MH onpceJlJleM no 4>oPMync (28). BXO;:UIIIU'IO B 3Ty 4>oPMyny BeJlH-
QHHY %3 - 3a30p BH6HpaeM no TOO..TI. 30.
111 =(B +Z3)-MH =66 + 0,75 = 66,15+0,4 MM.
BWCOTa ynopa H TOJllUHH3 HanpaBJJAIOHX nJl8HOK
Bblccrry HenOL\BHJKUoro ynopa H TOJIWHHY H3npa8J1J1IODIHX 11.7I8110K BWHpaeM no Ta6Jl. 31
H-6M.M.; h-2MM.
AonYCTHMblH 3a30P Me)KlIY C'heMHHICOM H nyaHcoHoM
MaleCHMaJIbHuH 3a30p Me CheMHHKOM H nyaHcoHOM npHHHM3eM no Ta6Jl.. 28.
Zl - 0,4 MM.
npl1JIOXEHI1E 12
PAC1JET 3A 1JUCTHOrO lliTAMnA
npHMep 1
npoH3BecTH pacIJ mTaMnOB J{JlJI BHpe3ICH H nOClleA)'IOIQCH 33IlHCTKH .neraJIH (pHC. 1)
MaTepHaJI aJllOMHHHH All rOCT 21631.
Pac..eT HCnOJlHHTeJlhHWX pa3MepoB pa60QHX .neTa.neit 3alfMCTHOro WTaMna
Cor naCHO n. 5.25.03 HCnOJlHHTeJlbHYH pa3MCp M3TpHqbJ WIJI 33IJHCTKH KOHTYpa aeTaJlH (puc. 2) nOCCtlHThlBaeM no
4>oPMync (15), Ta6n. IS kaK]t1Ij[ MaTpHIthI 06Ii'lHoro BHpe3Horo mTaMna.
npHnycK Ha H3HOC H llonYCK 113 H3roTOBJIeHHC npHHHM3er no Ta6Jl. 16
L = ( L -n ) M = ( 40 -025 ) =3975+0.06 MM
N H" ·
nyaHco nOlUIeTC5[ Ie MaTpH C 3330poM OtOOS-O,OI MM (n. 5.25..3.01).
.'-&3.
J.,,,


..

If
s
.
,s 4""
PHCYHOIC I
PHCyHOIe 2
Pac-.eT MCnO,,1HHTe,,1bHHX pa3 M epoB pa60QHx .neT3J1CH Bhlpy6Horo WT3MU3 nOA 33QHCTKY
I1cnoJIHHTe.nbHhIc p83MCpH MaTHplthl BHpy6110ro mT3Mn3 WIJI Bwpy6KH KOHTypa no,t{ 331lHCfKY (pRC. 3) nOllC'iHThI-
BaeM nopMync (43)
L = ( L +T ) -M.
N M.3 '
4...3 = B = 39,75 MM - HCnOJIHHTeJlhllYH pa3Mep M3TpHqH J11IJI 3aIlHCTKH KOHTypa;
y - 0,2 - npHnycK H3 3a'lHCncy, npHHJlT no TaM. 50 WIJI aJllOMHllHJI TMWHIIOH 3 MM.
CornacHo Ta6Jl. 51 npHHHMaCM OJJ:HY S3QllCTilYlO onepaQHIO.
z- 0,21 MM - MHHHMaJIbHHH 3330p MCy MaTpuqcH H nyaHcoHoM, npHH5IT nO Ta6..TI. 13 J{JlJI aJllOMHHHJI TOJIIqltHoH
3 MM.
a -llonYCK Ha M3TpHny, npHHilT no Ta6..TI. 16
npH OHOKPaTHOH 3a QHCTXe cornaCllO 4>opMyne (41)
T-y+z:

4t =(39,75 +0,2 +0,21)=40,16+0.06./1(./1(.
nyaHcoH B 3TOM CJ1Y1:lac npHrollgeTCJI Ie M3TpmJ.e C 3a30poM 0,21 .MoM (Ta6Jl. 13)
Hampuqa '.'Pt3N'-
111 U/.mrLNII«
=
.,.
.

-.
..
IS" ...,.
.f-4'!
PHCYHOK 3
.0,1& "'4.'
PHCYHOk 4
npHMCp 2
npoll3HCCTH pac'ICT WTaMI10B AJlg npd)H8KH H nOCJ1c.o.YlOllteit 3a"lllCTJ<H OTB(pcr"H B BeTanH. H306pa)l(IIHoi\ H3 plIC.. 4.
MaTcpIl3.il: naTyHb JI68 rOCT 3208.
PaC1:IeT MCnOJ1HJ.fTeJ1LHhlX p83MepoB pa60'lMx lleTa'1eH 3a'iHCTHOro WT3Mna
I1ClloJTHH1'e.l1:lJHbte p33MCpbJ nyaHcoH3 AJlSl 3a'iHCTKH OTBCpcTHJI AeT'a.lH (pHC.. 5) nOJ:{C1lHTJ.B3et'M no pMYJte (42).
n pllnyCK Ha II 3 HOC H 1l0nyCK H3 H3roTOBJleHHC npMHHJ.,aCM no Ta6J1. 16.
!lPH L\=0,1411 = O 12, 6' = O03; I1fJH L\ =0,1211 =O10 6' = 022,
fllC 1.,13 = (Ln + e )--6' ;
Ln = (4 + n)--6'
(4JoPMyna (14), Ta6J1. 151.
3HiilJCHHCM e npcHc6pcraeM (n. 5.25.3.02).
L =(15 + 0,12)-{) 03 =25,12-{)03M.;
na · ·
I
LJ = (12 + 0, 10) 022 = 12,10-0022 M.Af :-.
13 · ·
2
M31"PHll3 npHffiHJleTCH K nyaHCOHY C 3330poM 0,03-0,05 MM (n.5.25.3.02).
nf/U
7M1iU'-
..I"tJnlJ'
I
ZS,tl - 4"'
1'471- II
PJ.fCYHOK 5
PHCYHOK 6
Pac.leT Mcn{);lHl1TeJ1bMhlX pa3MepoB pa60'iHx neTaneH np06H8Horo WTaMna no11. 3a1:lHCTlCY
I1cnoJTHHTC.TlbllhlC p33MCphl nyaHcOHa npH np06Hlu<c OTBCpcrHJI noli. a3'iHCTKY (pHe. 6) CJ1eYeT nOClJJfT3Tb no p-
MYJle (43a)
£.. = (L n3 - T)-13'
4 31 =25,12MM
4 32 = 12,10 MM
}.. = 0 7 2 MM - npHnYCf. Ifa 3a':lHCTKY npHHRT no Ta6Jl. 50. CornacHoTa6..TI. 51 3aIJUCTKY npoH3BOIITb B O;{HY
oncpau,HIO.
z = 0,21 .AIM - MHIDfMa:lbHbln 3a30p !dcy M3TpHl\eit H nY3HCOHOM, npHHRT no TOO..TI.. 13):V1H n3TYHII TOJIUUfHOft 3 M..\t;
d -nooycK H3 nyaHooH, npKtUlT no Ta"J. 16 (KaK ling nJXXSHHKH OTBepcmH C OnyCK\MH 0,14 If 0,12 wd:
- HCnOJ1HHTCJ1bHhIC pa3MepbJ nyaHcou3 .Q..1J133'iHCTKH OTBCpcTHH
Ln. =(25,1 -0,2 -0,21) =24,71-1>,03 =24,70-1>,03MM:
L n2 = (12,10 - 0,2 - 0,21) = 11.69 -0,022 = 11,70-1>,022./1(,M ·
M3TpHqa B 3TOM CJIYlJae npJ1ffiHHCTCSI K nyallcoity C 3a30poM 0,21 MoAt (Ta6'J.. 13).

207
1II'ffJlO)/(EHJfE 11
PACqET rHB01JHOrO IIITAl\tnA
npHMep t
npoH3BecTH pacIJer WTaMna nJUI rH6KH cK06H, H300paJICeHHOH H3 pHC. J..
B 1,0 X 800 X 1500 rOCT 3680
MaTepHaJI: nHCT - IIIrlO rOCT 914 .
AJlJI onpeeJleHHSllJ:JlHHbJ pa3BcpTKH npou3BOAHM ncpeclIer OJtHOCTOpoHHHX 1l0nycKoB Ha llBYXCTOpOHH}tC (TexHO....,O-
ntIJCCKHC) cornaCHO n. 6.1.06.
f:! 11
71.4U
ltI,tl. llJ 411
.
i
",I
'IepTeBC neT8.nH
....
.
.,.
f

.
s
.

"feXHOJlOntlleCKJ.tH
qepTe)l( ]reTaJUf
PHCYHOK t
Onpe.l1CJIeHHe )J)IHHhI pas8epT KM
D.JlR onpee.neHHSI AJlHHbI pa3BcpTKH HM cj)Hrypy 113 TPH YlJaCTK3 (pHC. 2).
CornaCHO TOO..TI. 54 nJIj( AeraJIei c BYMH yrJ1aMH m6KH n(1 90° pacqer AJIHHH pa3BcpTKH npoH3BOJtHM no 4JopMync
'p 3: I} + I -{- I} + 2}',
311aQeHHC y HaxOHM DO Ta6..TI. 55
.lI;rJl r .. 1 MM H S 3: 1 MM Y 3: 0,23 M.M.;
L p =11 +20+11 +2 · 0,23=42, 46MM.
PaCIJeT HCnOJlHHTeJlbHLlX pa3MepoB MaTpHqLl H nyaHcoHa
rH6KY npoH3BOHM, BlJLttcp)l(HBaJl BHYTpeHHHH pa3Mcp eTanH; n03TOMY no 4x'>pMync (53) onpeeJlJlCM HCnOJ1Hlt-
TeJlbHIJU pa3MCp nyallcoHa (pHC. 3)..
Lp =LB-/J = 20 -o,.04S MM .
n
lI.onyclC lIa H3roToBneHHe nyaHcoHa corJlaCHO n.. 6..4..08 lIa31la1JaCM no C3.
Be.nHIJHH)' 3asopa MCY MaTpHqeii H nyaHcoHoM npltHHMaCM paBHoH lIBOHHOH HOMHHaJlbHOH TQJ1WHHC MaTepIDL13
(6..4..07).
I

..

I
} - "yaltCOH; 2 - M8yp Ju -la
1-20
.
.-.
.
p
2Z ....4.,-11'
PHCytiOK 2
PHCYHOIC 3
npo4)HJ1b M3TpHqLI H nyaHcoH3
no Ta6Jl. 65 onpeeJlJleM pa.n;H}'c MaTpHqbJ RM H rJly6HHY MaTpHlI-hllo B SaBHCHMOCTH OT TOJ1Il\HHH MaTepHa.1a H AJlJf-
tiLl nOJlKH H3mOOCMOH eraJIH (pMC.. 4)
R - 3 MM. l o == 10 .MAC.
M '
PaCIJeT YCMnHA rH6ICH
YCUJTHC m6KH OnpeCJlSlCM no 4x'>pMync (54)
P=I,25 .aB.L "sK..

268
, 1
COrnaCHO Ta6..TI.. 67 npH OTHomCHHH s = T = 1 K = 0,3 ; _
p = .1 ,25 · 360 · 12 · 2 · 1 · 0,.3 = 3240 H
PHCYHOK 4
npHMep 2
npoH3BeCTH paclIer mT3Mna nJUI m6KH yroJIbHHKa, H306eHHoro H8 pHe. S.
MaTcpHaJI: nHCT Jl62M 2)(600)(1500 mCT 931
lit ., f
. ..

" "
I B
PHCyHOK S
OnpeeJleHHe AJlHHY pa3BepTICH
JL;rJl onpc,T.{eJ1CHHjI AJlHHH p33Bep1'KH npoH3110.I{JlM DepeCqer QAHOCTOpoHHHX llonYCKOB, npHIIJ[TX Ha pHC. 6 Ha
BYXCTOpoHHHC (TexHOJlOmqeCKHe) AonYCKH cornaCHO D.. 6.1..06.
COCT3BJUleM pac'leTHYIO CXCMY (pRC. 7)
CornacHo Taf)JI. 54 lInJl aeranH C ORHM yrnoM moo 90. p3C1Ier AJUlHH pa3Bep'l'KH npoa3BOllHM no 4>opMync
Lp = I + '1 + y ·
3Ha1JCHHC y HaxO.rtHM no Ta6Jl. 55. JL,1g T - 3 MM H S - 2 MAC Y - 0,09 MM
Lp - 72.63 + 17,74 + 0,09 .. 90,46 MAC.
rs-
i
i
.
6. TeXHOJIOm..eCItHH qepre)J( .
....,

1- '1263
a.,qeTln
PHCYHOK 7
PHCYHOIC 6
.
..
PaCIJeT HCnOJlHHTeJlbHYX pa3MepoB MaTpHl.(hI H nyaHCOHa
Pa60IJHH yroJI m60IJHoro nY3HcolIa H MaTpHY nOJtCliHThlBaCM C YIJeTOM yrna npYJKIIHeHH9 no 4>opMyne (49)
 = a:!: [ L\a ]
C'iHTaJl, liTO m6Ka lleT3.1IH npoH3BOHTCj[ B mTaMne C npHXHMOM, YTOJ1 npYHHeHH9 npHHHMaeM no Ta6..TI. 64.
[ da ] =0°30' ;
 = 90° - 0°30' = 8go30'
nepC,LIHIOIO ill' npt1JKHMHYIO IL11OCKOCTh paCnOJIaraeM no,A yr1l0M 7° (CM. p1tc. 125).
CXCMY WT""na CM. Ha pHC.. 8

269
PHCYHOIC 8
npo4)HJlb M3TpHqbl H ny3HcoHa
no Ta6.TI. 65 OnpeI{eJ1J1CM P8J1.HYC MaTpH RM H rny6HHY MaTPhI 10 npH TOJlIItHHC M3TepHaJI8 S :IE: 2 MM H ;:J;.:m-
He 3am6aeMOH nOJ1KH  AO 20 MM
RM = 4 MM; 10 = 12 MM .
Pac..eT )'CH.1iHII m6KH
YCHnHC rH6ICH onpeJleJ1S1eTCSI no 4x'>PMYnc (54)
P = 1,2SapK.
no TOO.TI. 67 linK OTHOmeHHJI
r 3
-=-==1 5 K= 0 2 5 .
s 2' "
P = 1,25 · 400 · 25 · 2 · 0,25 = 6250 H(625 KZC)
llPHJ10)/(EHHE 14
P AC1JET BbITjI)I(HOrO WT AMnA .nJlSl QHJIHHJWHtJECKOO: L{ET AJJD
npoH3BeCTH pacIJer mT3MDa nJUI BHTJI>KKH ICOJlna1fX3. Hsoopa>KeHHoro H8 pRC. I.
M3repH3JJ: neHT3 JI62MO,6 rOCT 2208
OHHe npHnyclCa H306pe3KY
OnpeI{eJ1S1eM no Ta6.TI. 69 npunYCK H8 oope3ICY AeT3nH nOCJ1e BYTJlJKKH (pHC. 2) wur
H cp _Il,7_ 08 H - 12 AY- 17 d ....
d - 14 6 - , H - MM J un - , MM (pa3MCpw H cp H cp npHHHM3CM no cpeHCH nHHH) ·
cp ,
0.6-4" , I. * 4Z".
f\.
...,..
.

...
:!
41.
---
.
;
. . - l-
. 
.. :!
J .

,
101"'- .  .
LI.r1I_LI1111.
I
PHCyHOK 3
PHCYHOIC 4
OTCJO o6lQYlO BhlCOTY AeT3JIH C YIJeTOM npHnycK3 npHHHMaeM paBHoo
HI = 12 + 1,7 = 13,7 MM.
OnpeAe.neHHe AHaMeTpa sarOToBKH
OnpeJleM AH3 MeTp 3aroTOBKH (pRC. 3) n o  PMYJ1C, npHBelleHHoH B -ra6.TI. 42.
D3 = 1/d; + 4d 2 h + 2:rt:R d 1 + 8K = VIOL + 4 · 14 .6 · 11,1 + 2 · 3_14 · 2_3 · 10 + 8 · 2.3 :l =
= "1 00 + 648 + 144 + 42,4 = "9 34,4 = 30,5 MM .

270
I . I'
d,.'6,6
II/-/f,l
..

.




.


;!
.

111.3
'-30,,$
 - fl,'
.
1/- I'
6
PHcyHOK 3
PHCYHOK 4
PaC1IeT nepexoaoB
OnpeeJ1J1eM no 4>oPMyne (61) ;[tHaMerp .neT3JIH nOCJ1e I-H BHTSlZKH, npHHHMaR corJlaCHO TaG..TI.. 79 xo*pHQHeHT
BHTJI}lCKH I-A onepaqHH m I - 0,54.
d l = m l D 3 = 0,54 · 30,5 = 16,5 M.M (pHc.4,a).
OnpeeJlJlCM no PMYne (62) K03<M>HqHCHT BIIITJI](H 2-ii onepaHH, YIlHTYB3J1aHaMerp roToBOAeranH 14,6 MM
(puc.. 4, 6).
_ d 2 _ 14,6 _
m2 - d 1 -16,5 -0.88.
To,COrnaCHOTa6R.79,BnonHeAonYCTHMO.
PaCqeT onepaQHoHHhlX pa3MepoB J1eTaJlH
An onpCAe.neHHH PaltHYca 3alCpyrneHHJI aera.n:H nOCJIe I-it BIIITJIICH HaXOJtHM PaltHYC 3aKpyrneHH5I MaTpHqLl no
Ta6..TI. 97 B CJ1eYIOeM nopAAKe. YABoeHHa.sr. BeJlHqHHa YMeHbmeHHB AH3Merpa D3 paBH3
2(D3 - d() = 2(30,5 -16,5) = 28 MAl .
no paCC'lHTaHHDA BeJ1H'lHHe H TQJI1I{HHe MaTepHaJla OneJ1S1eM no 1'36.11. 97 paAHYC 3aXpyrneHH9 MaTpHQhI
RM RM =2,2MM..
I 2
.
Cor naCHO fl.. 7.17.1..03, P8J1. H Yc nyaHcoH3 An I-it BblTSlJKKH OJlJKeH 6h1Th paBeH paHYcy MaTpHl\bJ, T. e.
RIJ = 2,2 MM..
I
CJIeOB3TeJJbHO, paAHYC 3alCpyrneHHJI aeT3JIH (no cpeHeH J1HHHH nOCJle I-it BHTRXKH) pa.BeH
RI =2,5XM.
PaHYC nyaHcolk1 JVJJl2-it BYTJlJKICH cOOTBeTCTByer 3aJ¥1HHOMY ycy 331CpyrJleHH5I roTOBOA eraJIH, T. e.
R 2 =2,3 MM.
BblCOTY ItHJIHHJlPU'ieCKoit Q3CTH h I-H BHTJIJKKH onpeAeJtJleM no npHBeeHHOH no,A pHC. 3 PMYne, nO,ACTaBHB
3H3qeHHjI
D3 = 30,5 MAl ;
R. = 2,5.At.., ;
d l = 16.5 MM;
d = 11,5MM
_  -d 2 -21lRld -IRl _30.52 -ll.S 2 -2 .3.14-2.S-11.5 -8-2.S 2 _
h - 4d1 - 4.16.S -8.6MM.

271
OnpeneJleHHe 3830poS MeIJ\Y M8TpHQeii H nyaHcoHoM
Ha OCHOBaHHH nOJlyqeHHblX ICOHHeHTOB BhlTRXKH ml H m2 onpel{eJIeM no Ta6Jl. 84 OHOCTopoHHHe 3330pH
MeJKJ]y MaTpHu;eA H nyaHcoHoM.
3a30p H3 I-A oncpau.HH (pHC. 5, a) paBCl1
Zl
"2 = 1,2s = 1,2.0,54 = 0,65 MM.
3a30p Ha 2-A oncpaHH (pRC. 5, 6) paBeH
z
; =s=O.54MM.
TOJIIQHBY M3TepHaJIa S ()epe.M C YlleTOM MHHYCOBOro nonycK3 /1 WUI MaTCpH8Jk1 no roCT 2208: l! = -o,06.MM.-
PAC1JET HcnOnHUTEJIbHbIX PA3MEPOB ny AUCORA If MATPHQbI
HCnOJIHHTeJJhHHe pa3Mephl nyaHCOH3 H MaTPHIJ.hI nJUI ncpBOH BYTSDKKH (pac. 5, a) nOl1C1lHThlB8CM comaCHO n. 7.16.01
6e3 ylleTa aonycK3 Ha H3roTOBJ1eHHe aeT3JIH. a lIonycKH Ha HHCTpyMeHT YCTal138JIHBaeM cornaCHO D. 7.16.02..
'o( = 15,9 -0.035 MAt ;
L = 1 +z =1 59 +1 3 =172-f-o.035AIM
M n 1 "-" ·
1 1 '"'
HCnOJlHHTeJlhHYC pa3MCpbl nyaHcoH3 H MaTPHH nJlJl BTOpoit BHT.IKH (pac. , D) no.nDlHThiBaeM C YlleroM Dony-
CK3 &1 H3roTOBJIeHHe aeraJIH no 4>oPMYJlaM (113) H (114)
'n = (I +0.5l!)-13 = (14 + 0,5 -0,24)-0 035 = 14,12--i) 035 MM ·
2 n · ·
I = ( I + 0 5 /1 + z ) +d M = ( 14 + 0 5.0 24 + 1 08 ) +0,,035 = 15 2 +0.035 AIM
 ' 2 ", , ·
'n,- "5,9--"11
In.-'f2""ul
Z,
1--0,65
.
I
Rh -22
H"" -2,2
!J-o,Sf
2
..
If

L -_f7.2+D,D31
II 7
.... ' 2 .,.4D'S
£N - p t;ll
II.
PHCYHOX S
,.
npocl)HJIb MaTpHLI H nyaHCOH8
B pa3AeJIe "PaC"lleT onCPaQHOHHhlX pa3MCJ>OB .ner8J1H6 onpel{eJIeH paAH)'C 33xpyrneHHJI M3TpHQH
RN = RN = 2,2 AIM (pHc.5,a H ti).
1 2
P8J:\HYC 3axpyrneHHg nyaHcoHa M5I I-A BIIIT]KKH npHHSlT paBHhlM paCqemoMY paHYCY M3TpH:QH, T. e.
Rn =2,2MM.
1
Pa;:tHyC 33KpyrJIelDUl nyaHcoH8 WIJI 2-H BHTU<:KH ().IDKCH COOTBerCTBOBaTh PAAHYCY 3aKpyrnelDUl I'OTOBOH eT3JIH, T. c.
 =2MM.
2
BNCcrry nOJlcK3 h onpel{eJ1J1eM no 4>oPMync (117):

212
I-JI OnepaUHJI:
2-JI oncpalUI:
hi =7s4.
h2 =5 s ===3 .
PaCileT He06xo.nHMOCTH npllIHMa
n poBcpsreM He06xoJJ;HMOCTb npHMellCHHSI npHHM3 3aroTOBKH Ha I-A BHTSI:ltKe, HCDOJIh3YJl PMY JIy (63).
npHJKHM He06xoJ:{HM, Koa
D-d > 225
C1>aKTHQeCKH lIMeeM
D-d 1 =30,5 -16,5 =14M.M;
22 s = 22-0,6 =.13,2MM t T. e. D -d >22 s.
CJIeOBaTe.nbHo, 1-10 BNT.KJlC.HyK) onCpaQHIO npoH3BOJl,HM C upHMeHCHHeM npH:KIIM8.
npoBcpileM B03MOXHOCTh npHMeHeHHJI nJul2-ii onCpaUHH npe.cca npocroro eiiCTBHj(
 · too = 6 · too = 3,6 ·
Cor naCHO rpacJnn::y, npHBeeHHOMY Ha pRC. 149, BYTDtK3 npoH3BOJ{HTCJI Ha npecce npocroro.neAcTBHJI..
nOJl.CqeT YCHJJHA BYTSlIKH
YCHJlHC BIIITII)KIeH onpe):{eJlileM nO;D:HarpaMMC cornaCHO n. 7.22.01..
l-JI BIJITJIKa: PI = 9000 H (900 a:zc)
2-JI BIJITJlJKKa: P2 = 3000 H (300 KZC)
P ACIJET BbITSlXHblX WT AMnOB AJISI IIPSIMOyrOJlbHbIX AET AJIER.
fipHMep 1
PaCC1jHT3Tb mTaMn nJIj( BblTS[KH npSlMoYroJIbHOH .DeTaJlH, H306paJlteHHoH Ha pRC. I.
MaTepHaJl: nHCT JI63Mx710x1410 rOCT 931
OnpeiIeM npHnyex Ha 06pe3lCY no BNCOTe aeT3JIH.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C T36Jl. 83 OH COCTaIlJUler 3 . Pacqer npoBOHM no cpeHeii .nHHHH (pHe. 2).
OTHomclIHC BHCOTY er3JIH x ee mHpHH
H np 32,S
B = 75 = O 435t rAe H np - BWCOTa .nera.n:H C npHnyexoM Ha 06pe3IeY. Y craHaBJlHBaeM 1jTO aeraJIb OTHOCHTCg
Ie THlIy HH3KHX npHMOYl'OJIbHhlX xopo6ox (n. 7.5..1.02).
OnpeAeJIeHHe IOJlHlJecTBa onepau.HH
CornacHo n. 7.6.1.02 H Ta6..TI. 84 ycraHaBJIHBaCM. 1jTO npH
.!. .100 =-L · 100 = 1 33. H np = 32 1 5 = 9 3.
B 75 " r 3 5 "
n '
L = 135 = I 8 Hnp = 32.5 = 0 43 '
B 75 ,H B 1S ...,}
Hc06xoHMa OJ:{Ha oncpalUfil BHTJlJKICH..
f...
%I(: =3
-- ;-- - -- - -'1-  -- ;--1.1
r .....
 ""'i  - -

.
, J
..
 ",t "'.0
- -
-1


r 'r;, -.ts 
I
, .
-
.R
t:.
II
, .
t
 
- £..tU -

PHCYHOX t
PHCYHOK 2

Onpe.n-eJ1eHMe cJ>oPMhI M pa3MepoM n",1OCICOH 3arOTOBKU
Hop 32 5
PaCQCT p33MepoM MOCKOA 3aroTOBKH npH OTHOmeHMM B = is = 0,435 npoH380..ll."M no n. 7.6.2.02.
a) CTpoHM npSlMOYroJIbHHK (pHC. 3) co cropoMaMM 4J M Bo, pa3Mcphi "KOTOpblX onpeCJSlcr.f no 4>OPP\.1Y4'iP\.1 (66) "
(67):
La =L + 2H np -O,86,() = 135 +2-32,5 -0.86-1,5 = 198,7 MM.
BO =B + 2H np -O,86,.(} =75 +2.32,5 -0,86-1,5 = 138,7 MM;
6) IIhlQcngeM PaAHYC Y CJ10MHoA saroroBKH M y rnax no 4>oJJMync (68)
Ry = Vr +2r n (H np - 0,431'(1) = "3 ,5 2 +2 '3,5(32,5 - 0,43 '1,5) = 15,33.NoM ;
B) onpe,t1eJ1geM YBeJlH1IeHHYA paHYC B yrnax R. no C:X>PMyne (69) R, = R), x , r.ne x OnpellCJ1RCM no C:X>PMync (70)
 ) 2
R 15 33 2
x =0,074 it +0 ,982 . 0,07 (2'3.5 ) . 0,982 = 1,34;
RJ - 15,33 1,34 - 20,6 MM ,
r) OnpelleJIjleM IICIIHqHny ha H hb no 4>oPMynaM (71) H (72):
2
R 15 33 2
h Q .- L- 'y= 135-7 · y=I,835y;
n
2
R IS 33 2
hb = B -r · y = 75-7 · y=3,46y;
11
e Y HaXO,tl.HM no ciJopMyne (73)
}' =0,785 (x 2 -I) =0,785 (1,34 2 -I) =0,628;
ha = 1.835 .0 7 628 = It IS MAl. ;
hb = 3,46 .0,628 = 2,17 .MM ;
) CTpoHM IIJI3MHIJIA ICOHTYP 3afOTOBKH, conpRraR cropoHhI H m M yrJl3x raMH PaAMYCOB Ra " Rb (pIIC. 3).
2
Kil =Jl"2
#.
....( ?j)
,-6
!.  31
1
_.
t-
Q)-

......

I

""
I

 
' 'h.
I IJ
 ..a1""
t-q5ll "'lr"J6.t
II
 
r--. 
II
.QQ
II, -/,17
L = 115
t-I!J7
PMCYHOJ( 3

214
Pac-reT HCnOJ1HHTeJlbHblX pa3MepoM MaTpHI M nyaHcoMoM
HCnOJlIfHTeJlbHhle pa3MepN M3TpMD-hI H nyaHcoHa (pHC. 4) nOhC1{HTHBaeM no BHyrpeHHHM pa3MCp3M ZJ;eTanH c yqe-
TOM JIonyclCa Ha ce H3roTOBJICHHe COl"naCIfO 4x>PMynaM (113) H (114):
Ln = (I + 0,5L\)-6 = 134 + 0,5.0,5 = 134,25-1) 0 80 .M M ;
n · Y
Bn =(8 +O,SA)n -74 +0,5°0,5 -74. 25 --o,06O.M M ;
L = ( L + Z ) +<'N = 134 25 + I 68 = 135 93+0.080 AIM ·
M n " J ,
B =(Bn +Z)+<'N =74,25 +1,68 =75,93+0.060 MM.
3AeCh  OAHOCTOpOHHHH S330p H3 npSlMOM Y1laCTKe (TaM. 94). p3I1IfI>lA O,95s = 0.95 '0,88 = 0,84 MM .
I
PaHycbl yrnoB&lx Y1l3CiKOM MaTpH M nyaHcoHoB (pHC. 4) cornOCHO 4x>PMynaM (Ill, a) H (112, a) nOcqHThlBaeM
no pMycaM COnpilJl\eHHj( 6oKoMhix CTeHO" c yqeTOM 3330pa.
'yo =r b +O,5L\=3 +0,5.0,5 =3,25 AIM;
"YN =ryn + Zi Jl = ("yn + 1,04 os) -' 3.15+ 1,04°0.88 =4.185=4.2.MM.
L"
L",
PHcyHOX 4
npHMep 2
P3ccqlfTaTb WT3Mn lVIiI MhlTilJKKM npRMoyroJJI»lfOM ZJ;CTaJlH, H306paxeHHOA H3 pHC. 5.
M3TCP If 3JJ: AMq-O,8 rOCT 2163.
OnpcneJIReM npHITYCK H3 06pe3KY no MHCOTe ZJ;CTaJJH. B COOTBeTCTBHH C aHHhlMH Ta6n. 83 npHOYCK Ha 06pe3KY co-
CTaBJIileT 3 .MJL
£48.... 01
/Ill

 '
I

...


..

......
- u!I
26 4J'
PHCYHOIC 5
£ 1l::29,'
PHCYHOK 6
OTHODIeHHCM BhlCOThi eTanH J< ee WHpHHC (pMC. 6)
11
.::!!2 = 27,,6 = 2 34
B 11,8 '
ycr31f31UIMBaeM, 'ITO .neTaJ1b OTHOCMTCR K TMny BhlCOKHX npSlMoyroJlbHhlX KOp060K (n. 7.5.1.02).

Onpe.a1eHMe KO;JH'IeCTMa Onepa'-'MM
nepCJI: onpelteJICHHeM K0J1IfLJeCTB3 OnCpaUIfH YCTaHaB.ilM83CM pa3Mepbl A.CTaJ1H no cpellHCH nlfll"'1f (p"c. 6).
Ycr3HaBJlHB3CM no lJ3HHIJlM Ta6JJ. 84, 'lJTO npH OTHoweHMIf:
L = 29. =2 5. 100s = 100.0,8 = 0 6b ·
B J 1 ,8 7' B II .8 "
II 11
.:.=..!!2 = 27,6 = 17 ,25 H .:.=..!!2 = 2 17
r n 1.6 B
,nCT3J1b HC P-10)f(CT 6h1Tb 1131'OTORJlelf3 M O.ltHY onepalU1JO (n. 7.5.1.02).
KO.tllftJfCTBO oncp:lI1fH BblTSDKKH }'CTaH3SJ"IHBaeM B COOTMC'TCTBIfM C T36JJ. 87, AnR qcro HaXOHM OTHOCJfTe;n.HYJO
TOJ1W..UiY YCJ10RliOif 3aroToDKH M cyp-1MapHbllf ICo3<1)(fnIUHCHr BhlTSlJKI(If.
OTHOCHTc.;n,liaSi TO-'JUUtlJ&t yc.,10BHOH 3aroToBICif paCCIJJITbl8aCTcSI no 4>OpP-1}' "lC, npJ'Re;IeHHOH B T3tt,. 86.
_ IOOs _ lOOs
sv- -
1,13F 1,13 V LB -O,86 1'J1 = 2([.. + B -0.86 Tn)(Hnp - 43 r(J)
_ ro.W _
-  V 29,,8 .11.8 -1).86 .1.6 L. +"2{ 29.8 +11.8 -().H6 · 1 ,6 )( 27.2 -().43 .1 .6 J -
= 1.13 '2484 = 1,41 ."M.
C}'MM3pJfI" J<03<1$IfIJ.HCHT MHTj(KH BhlqMCJTReTCSlllO 4x>PMy;rc, npHBel(CHHOH M T6JJ. 86.
IJt +B -0,86' 1 1 I +B -O,86 r u
m - - = 1 --
c 1.75 VF ],75 VI 4. B -O,86r.. +2 ( L +B -0,861'11 )(l l np -0,43rd )
= 29.8+11,,8-0.86.1 046
1.75 V2 484 ,-
Corn3CHO nCL-.YtlCHHblM pC3ynbTaTaM OOlJCAeJlgeM no Ta6JJ. 86, qTO ,neranb lIOJI)Klfa H3roT0J1RTbCR 3a .aRC onepaUiUI.
IIo n. 7.5.1 .03 On pCACJ1R eM MeJlH'lHHY RJ( - XpHTHIJCCKHH PMYC 8h1TSDKICM:
RI( = O,I VH npB = 0,1 V2 7,5 - 11.8 = 1,803 MM, T_ e. Tn > Rr. . JIonOJlHHTCJ1bM3R 3-Slllbl"NJKK3 Ife MYXIf.
OnpeneJJeHHe 4M>PMY M paSMepoM DJlOCKOH 3arOTOBKM
B COOTMeTCTBIfH C n. 7.7.2.02 nJlOCK3S1 S8roTOMKa HMeer 4JopMy OBaJ13 (pHC. 7), OCM KOTOpoCO OIL'leAeJiRIOTClI no 4x>P-
M}'J13M (82 M (82a);
Lo =vI,27F +0,5C =VI,27F +0,5(£ -B)(L+B-O, 71 ) =
=1/1,27.24 84 +0,5(29,8 -11,8X29t8 + 1178 -0,76.1,6) =59,3 MM;
Bo = V I,27F-0,5C l = Y I,27.2484 -0.5(29,8 -11,8 ) (29,8 + 11,8 -0,76-1 7 6) =52.8 oM..".
OnpCeJlReM BeJlMqHHy C - pacCToillflfe Me}' 4x>KYC3MH 3JL11Hnca C QCilMM OBaJ1a no 4x>PMYJJe (83)
C = 1/( L -B ) (L+B-0,76r n ) = "1 8 · (4 1,6 -1,2) =26,95 MM.
PMYCbl oMMa 33ro-rOMKH pacCqHThlB3CM no 4x>PMYJJ3M (84) H (84a)
Rho = 0, 70_ =: 0, 7fY1o 52.8 25 MM ;
 ) 2 + J J ( 59.3 ) 2 + I
V l " 52,8
0.2S( + B) - LoRb 2 2)
R = 0 == 0,25(59.3 +52.8 -59,,3.25 = 33 5
hO B -2R 52 8-2.25  oM.".
o hO ·

176
8J III
fl/lJc ."1I
JI/tI. IIMJ..
.

Vj
I

-.
," -,
..
.s-

.
...

L.S"J
£-29,8
L,-8
PMCYHOK 7
PIICYHOK 8
OnpeJteneHMe cJ>oPMY M pa3MepoB 3arOTQBKH Ha npoMe.YTO'IHblX onepaqHRx
HalJltltaCM paCIJCT 3aroTOMKH C npCl\nOCJIeJ1HeH, B ZJ;aMHOM CJIY'Iae c 1..1 Onepal.-'HH. <1>OpM3 3aroToBKH 8 DJ1aHe npen-
CT3BJlSlCT coooif OBa.n (pMC. 8), OCH KOToporoonpelleJIReM nOc!x>JJMynaM (86) H (86a)
L,z-I = L, = L - B + 2(0,707B -0, 26 Tn) = 29,8-118+2(0,707.11,8 --(),26 .1,6) = 33,8 MAl ;
Bn-l =B. =VL;-l-(L - BXL+ B-O,76 r n ) =
= "3 3,8 2 - (29,8 -11,8X29,8 + 11,8 -0,76-1,6) =20,4 ...M.
Pal1Mychi 3aKpyrneHMII OB3JJa Ita I-H oncpaUHH onpc.aeJIReM no ct>oPMynaM (866) H (87)
Rbn-l = Rb = O,707B -0,26 Tn =0,707 11 11,8 - 0,26.1,6 =: 7,9 M.M;
0 .25 ( L n 2 _ I +B n 2 -..' - L ,, - l - R b 1  2 2 )
V n- 025338 +204 -338.79
R = R = =. - · , ., = 26 S AlAI. _
a,,_1 QI B n -l.-2R bn _ 1 20.4 -2-7.9 '
BhlC0T3 BblTS1JKKM Ita npCOCJIe):tHeH oncpau.HH paccqHThiBaeTCR no c!x>pMyne (88)
Hn-I =H 1 =0,86.H np =0 7 86-27,6 =23,7 AlAI.
B tOOTBCTCT81t1t C n. 7.7.4.07 KOHTYP lJIIa MhlTjI)KJ<H Ita I-it onepaUHH MhinOJIHgeM nO KOHTYPY ZJ;Ha roroBoA ZJ;CTaJlH
(pa3McpN L, B H r n Ita pltC. 6).lI;IiI ncpexoa OT ICOtn"Ypa .QHa K paC1jeTHYM pa3Mep3M npcAycMaTpH8aeM M MYTSI}KKe
CKOC nO)1 yr.ilOM 451). PMYChi COnpR)1(CHMII ,nlta H 6mcOBOH CTeHKH Ha3HallaeM M COOTBeTCTBMH C n. 7.7.4.08
rd = 2.4.MAl M rei' = 3,5.M.M.
PaCCT McnOJ1HHTe.ilbHNX pa3MepoB MaTpHnLI H nyaHcoH3
HcnCL'HMTcnhHblc pa3McpN MaTpHQ It nyaltcoHoB AnR I-it onepaUHH (Pltc. 9) onpelleJIilCM no BHyrpCHHMM pa3McpaM
3aroToBoK 3TltX JKC onCpHQIti'I:
I-Sf oncpaUHR
Lnl = 33-1),050 AlAi ;
Bnl = 19,64). 045 .MAI. ;
L = L + z = 33 + I 34 = 34 34-1-o,050.M..M.
M) "I 1 " ,
B = B + z = 19 6 + I 34 = 20 94 -1-0,045 .M..M
MinI 1 ' " ·
"'I
3l{eCb 2" -- O;\HOCTOpoHHItH 3a30p H3 npSlMoM YQ3CTKe (Ta6JJ. 94) C YQeTOM ,nonycKa 0,08 AlAI Ita TO.JIItHY M3Teplt-
alia (faCT 1946).
%1
2 = s = 0,8 --()7 08 = 0,72 .M..M ..

277
HcnOJlHHTeJlbHye pa3Mephi NaTpMhI H nY3HCOHa H3 OKOH1faTeJlbHOH (2-H) OnCpaUHH (pItC. 10) corJJ3CHO 4x>PMYJJ3M
(113) H (114), no.nc1lHThlBaeM no MHYTpeHHHM pa3MepaM ,neTanH C yqCTOM ZJ;onycK3 H3 ee H3roTOBJleHHe
Ln =(l+O,Sl\)--6 =29 +0,S.O,28 =29",14-1)04S MM ;
2 n '
B o = (B + OSl\)--6 = II + O,S .0,24 = 11,12-1) 035 .MM ;
2 n I
L = ( L + z ) +<'M = 29 1 4 + I 36 = 30 SO +0,050 MM ·
M n 2 ". ,
2 2
B = ( B +z ) +<'N = II 12 + I 36 = 12 48+0,035 M..M.
M2 n2 2 ,. t
%2
3l{ecll 2 - OItOCTOpOHHHH 3330p Ha npslMOM YQ3CTKe, paBHblH 0,95 s
%2
2 =0,9S.0,72 =0,68MM.
t
L,1tJ.
L
PHCYHOK 9
PHCynOK 10
nOJlyqeHHHC HCDOJlHHTeJlbHHe pa3Mepy M3TpH M nY3HcoHa npMlJelleMhI B TaMMue.
.MM
HOMep LM BM Ln Bn
onepal\HH
l-!II 34.36 -1-0.050 20.96 -1-0,045 33 -0.050 19.6 -1).045
2-11 30.50 -1-0.050 12, 48 -1-0,035 29,,14 -1),045 11.12.035
llPI1JlO)/(EHI1E /5
PAC-IET WT AMnA AJISI BbITSI)KKH JIETAJIH B REHTE C HA)l.PE3KOA
Onpel1eJIHTh pasMephi MHoroonepaD-HOHHOH MblTK}KKH ,neT3J1H, H306pa=«:eHHoH H3 pHC. I, 3 T3J( IllllpltHY neHTbI II
p33Mephi Mpe30K.
M3TepHan: AM-O,3 faCT 21631.
'141.. q 4.J
:!
It 
o I

v.
· t
.:..
..'"
 .--
.
I'
(.
.-.
....
'J...
-6-11. ,.
....._ Dre _ TY',;/ 7, 1 ___
PHCYflOK I
PMCYHOK 2

278
'"
Onpe,lteJleHHe paSMepoB nOCneHeH MblTSl1KKH
OnpeneJlSlCM no 4x>PMyne (146) M3KCMManbHO lIOnYCTHMYIO BYCOTY pa300pTOBKH h (pHC. 2).lI;IR 3TOro 3an;aeMCJI
npH6.11H)I(CHHhlM 3H3qelfHeM KO*pIfUHeHT3 pa300p-roMKH K  0,7.
h =D cp = I -;K +0.S7R cp =7,7 I O.7 +0,57"0.45 = 1.41 .MAt"
OnpcenReM nOJ1HYIO BbiCOTY ZJ;eranH H H3 nOCJIellHeA onepaUHH MhlTRJKICH
H =Hp.eT -h +R =4,5 -1,41 +0.3 =3,4MM.
OnpCCJ"1S1CM no 4x>PMync (147) ZJ;M3MeTp OTMepcTHR do 7 np06MBaeMOro 8.nHe, nOJ\ pa300pTOMKY (pHC. 2)
do =Dcp + 1,14R(;p -2h =7,7 +1,14-0,45 -2-1,41 =5,4MM.
OnpeJJ;eJ1eHHe AH3MeTpa sarOTOBKH D3 C YIleTOM npMnYCKa Ha 06pe3KY
P3CCIJMTblS3CM no T36JJ. 72 ZJ;It3MeTp 33TOTOBICM D 3 ' 6e3 YQer3 npHOYCK3 H3 06pe3KY (pHc.3).
D' = Vd 2 +4d -h +"JJd +d \ + 43rr l +d 2 -d 2 =
3 1 2 ..w 1 2J 4 3
= \"6 ,8 2 +4.7,7.2,5+2 -3,14 -0,45(6,8+7,7)+4 -3,14 -0,45 1 +10,9 2 -8,6 2 = 14,53.M.M .
OnpeJleJIileM no 4x>PMyne (126) M3MCTp saroroMICM D3 npH BllTSlJKKe C HPC3KOH
D3 =D 3 'a=14,53-I,1 =16MM.
Ko*pMUMeHT a = 1,1 npHHHMaCTCII no -ra6J1. 112.
Onpe,lteJleHMe 06l1ter-o xoaclxl>HQHeHT3 MhlTSI]K.KM m06w.
lI;IiI onpenenclfHiI B03MOJKHOCTM MhlTRJKICM 1I3lfHOA ZJ;eTaJ1H B neHTe MhI'IHCJ]51eM no 4x>PMyne (125) 06MH ICOH'"
L{MCHT MbITilJKICH m06lu
m =  = 7.7 =0 49
OOI1t D 16 ,.
3
TaK K3K nOJlYIJCHHhlH ICo34$MII.HeHT Mbl11IJKKH m OO1lt .. 0.49 6o.nbme ZJ;onycKaeMOro m06w. .Aon. .. 0,2-0,25, npMBe-
lICHHOro B T36JJ. L 06, MbITRKa l13HHOH ZJ;CTanM M nCHTe B03MO1f3.
Com3clfo cf>opMyne (122) BbITHJlCKY (JIe.nyer npoll3BOHTb B neHTC C "3JWe33MH. T3K K3K 4! > 1.2 ;
BH
D
.3. = 10.9 = 1 47
d BH 7.4 '
d.-19
d J i5 8,6
f, - '1)
JJ,.'41
PHCYHOK 3
PHCYHOX 4
OnpeAeneHMe ZJ;M3MeTpa JlaHu.a n.eT3nM D4>' C npHnYCKoM H3 06pe3JCY (pHC. 4)
OnpCeJfgeM WlOall.& npHnycxa H3 06pe3ICY f
 12 2
3CD:j 3CD 3 3 14.'6
j - - ,
--
4 4 4
3,14.14_532 = 3S 23 2
2 ,MM.

OnpelleJI ilCM ZJ;M3M eTp cJ>JJaHQa D' c npMn YCKOM Ita 06pe3KY:
D4J' = VD +  f = VIO ,9 " + 3.4 "35,23 = 12,78 .MM.
OKpyrnRJI, npHHHNaeM D' = 12,8 MM_
Pac..eT paSMepoB BblTtI]uH I-A. 2-M H 3-eif onepalt ltH
OnpellCJUleM ,nH3MeTpY
d l =D3.ml =16-0,67IIMM;
d2 =d J -m2 = 11.0,78 =9MM;
d] = d 2 m] = 9-0,8 =7,7 Jri.M.
Ko34xPHItHeHTbI BIiTJDKKH m I, m2 H m] npHHJlTbI no TaM. 116_
OnpelleJ1RCM IUiCOTY HI I-A BblTRJKKIf (pHc.5).
PHYC nY3HcoHa onpel1eJ1i1eM no c!x>pMyne (130): Rnl = 3s = 3 -0,3 = 0,9 MM.
PaJ:\MYc no cpel1Heii JlHHHH R epl = 0.9+0,15 = I.OS = 1,1 .MAl. _
PHYC M3Tp H UY onpeCJiileM no c!x>pMyne (131): RMI = 2s = 2 -0,3 = 0,6 MM _
PaHYc no cpel1 H eA JlHHHH R CP2 =0,6+0 7 15 =0775.M.M-
F) =  (d -d) = 3,:4 (12.82 -12,6 2 ) =3.987 JrLM2 i
1lR
CP2 (: ) 3,14.0,75 ) 2
F 2 = 2 \:!C"d 3 - 4R = 2 (3.14"12,6--4"0.75 =45.672M.W ;
F] =nd 2 h =3,14-llh = 34.54h ;
F4 = .n:P. (.nd. + 4Rp.) = 3,1"1,1 (3,14 "8,6 + 4 "1,1) =59.918 JrLM2.;
Fs =  "d = 34 · 8.62 =58.058 ,MAl i
nIt
=1: F -
4 '
201 =3,987 +45,672 +34,54h+S9,918 +58,058;
h _ 201-167,635 10 -
- 34,54 ,.MAI ,
H. =h +Rp) +R cP2 = 1 + 1,1 +0,75 =2.85 3JrLM.
OnpelleJIReM MLiCOTy H2 H J)AAHYCY no cpe.znleA JlHHHH R CP1 H RqJ2 Ha 2"M nepexoe (pHc. 6).
6. ..,.
dr'4f.
'c:.
,.
..
.
:t
 I
..11
PHCYHOK S
d, -If
-.
PHCYHOK 6
Rn =0,7 Rn =0,7 - 0.9 =0,63 MAl. :
2 1
R ePI =0,63 +0.15 =0,78 MM;
RM =0,75R M =0,75 -O,6=045.MAI.;
2 1
R CP2 = 0,45 + 0, 15 = 0,6 MM ;

_:n ( .2. 2 ) _ 3,14 ( 2 2 2 ) _ 2
Fl -4 Cl4 -d 3 - 4 1.8 -10,4 -43,708 MM ;
F 2 =  R CP2 (.no d] - 4Rcp.z = 3.14 2 0 0,7 (3.14 010,4 -4 00,6) =32,811 JoI..M2 i
F] =.7ld 2 h =3,14 · 9h =28.26h;
n (. ) 3,14. 0,78 2
F4 =2" 0 Rt:PI \.n d l + 4R CP1 = 2 (3,14 0 7.6 + 4 0 0,78) = 29,304.M.M ;
n 1 3 14 2 2
F. =-. d = ' · 7 6 =45 341 uu ·
s 4 I 4. ,,
nIt
4 1:F;
201 = 43,71 + 32,81 + 28.26h + 29,30 + 45,34 ;
h = 201 -151,16 = 44,9 =1 6 .
28,26 28,26' MAt.,
H 2 =h + R CP1 + R CP2 = 1,6 +0,78 +0.6 =2,98 3MAt.
OnpeeJlReM BIiCOTY H] 3-eA Mbl11IJlCKH (pHC. 7).
d. .,2,'
dJ-CI


a
4
Tf'
lJ a - "
tI, -I
6j- 17
.
It-"
PHCYHOIC 7 PHCYHOK 8
OnpeJ:teJISieM no c!x>PMy.naM (132) H (133) PHYCIII no cpeAHeA nUHHH Rep) H P2 H3 ;j-eM nepexoe (pRC. 7).
Rn =0,7 Rn =0.7. 0,63 =O,44.MAl;
] 2
Rcp2 =0,44 +0,15 =0.59Jo1..M;
RN] =0,75 M2 =0,75 · 0,45 =0,34.MM;
R cp =0,34 +0,15 =0,49.M.M;
2 .
_.7l ( 2 2 ) _ 3,14 ( 2 2 ) _ 2
F) -"4\d 4 -d] - 2 12,8 -8,8 -67,824.M.M;
F 2 =  RCP2 (.n d] - 4Rcp2) = 3,14  0,49 (3.14 0 8.8 -4 00.49) = 21,060 JoI..M2;
F] =nd 2 h = 3,14 · 7,.7h = 24. 178h ;
_.7l ( 0,59 · 3.14 2
F4 -iRcPI ,:JCd l +4R CPI )= 2 (3.14 06.6 +4 00.59) = 19.794.M.M ;
_.7l 1 _ 3,14. 2 _ 2 .
Fs -4 dl - 4 6,6 -34194 MAl ,
.7lU
3 =I:.F.
4 ·
201 =67.824 +21,969 + 24,178h + 19,794 +34,194:
h = 201 -143,782 = 2 4 ·
24,178 ' M..M t
H] = h + Rep) + CP2 = 2,4 + 0,59 + 0,49 = 3,5 M..M .
.
Pe3ynbT3TbI paCtleTOB CMelleH.hI M T36n1f.

P a 3 M e p bI B .MM
Onepalt WSI Ko3eM>HUHeHT PaJ1I1Yc P8,AHYC
BblTSI)I(lCH, m HaMeTp Dc.p MRTPHQ.W RM nyaHcona Rn
I-II BWT5IJKKa 0.67 ) 1.0 0.6 1,1
2-A BhlTAJKKI 0.78 9.0 0,.5 0,63
3-11 BhlTSDKIC8 0,80 7.7 0.34 0,44
4-11 ICanHf)poBICa - 7.7 0.30 0,30
PaC1IeT p33MepoB Ha,npe3KH M WMpHHhI JleHTLI
no 4x>PMyne (127) onpce.nJleM WHPMHY Ha.npC3ICH b (pHC. 8).
b=DR=16.I07 17MM.
3 1 .1 ,
III HPHHY neHThi B onpeeJlJ1eM no 4JoPMYJle (128)
B =b +ys = 17 + IS · 0,3 =21.5MM_
K034xt>HU,HeHTY P H Y nplfMelleHH M Ta6JJ. 113.
IIIar no):{aQH T onpe.nReM no 4x>PMyne (129)
T =D 3 +a =16 +2 =18M.M,
re WHptHa nepeMhlQICH a onpeI1eJlileTCII no TaM. 113
a =3s =3 · 0,3 =O,9MM.
n pHHIfMaeM a = 2 MM .
PaHYc saICpyrneHHA R Ha Mhlpesax npMHHMaeM paMHhlM 0,5 MM .
BhI'Iep'lHBaeM paCKpoH nOJlOCH (pHC. 9).
PHcyHOK 9
lJPHllO)/(EHHE 16
PAC-IET PA3:60PTOBKH OTBEPCTHB
Tpe6yeTCSI H3roTOBHTb ZJ;eranb, noKasaHHYIO a3 pHC. 1.
MaTepH3J1: JUlCT - :62,0)( 1(00)(2000 roCT 19904.
a) onpenjleM ZJ;HaMeTp OTBepcrH5I no pas60proBKY do no 4JoPMyne (145)
do = D. -3l(RN +  ) -2h =94 -3.14 (S + ) -2 (20 -7) =49.6M.M:
6) onpCjleM nO TaM. 118 MeroOM HHTepnOJlHpoBaRIOI AonycKaeMhlH Ko*pHHeHT pa360pToMICH Kaon.

282
do 49,16
npll OTHOUICIIMU S = 2 = 25. npMMcHcHUM nY3HCOH3 co c4>epHQCCKOH pa60qcH q3CTbIO U np06MBlCe OTBepcTMR
c/o IJ WTaMnc
_ 35-20
K l10II - 0,52 + [(25 - 20); ( 0,57 -0,52 ) 1=0,52 +0.02 = 0,54 :
8) OnpCMCns.CM ICO:x1x!»tltUCHT p3360j)ToBICM K no c!x>pMync (143)
K = do = 49,16 =0 60
Dcp 82 '
H nponepSlCM:
K > K,..on , c..,-ellOB3TCJlbHO, p33t)0pTOMK3 ocymeCTMMM3.
I
 ,
I ,.
!!/ I -t.- II
J:
. 
,
I
',D
_'I
.f
- .
.-.."
.
PJtC}'HOIC I
PHCyHOK 2
flPHDOJKEHHE 17
OT)KHr UP" BbITK)KKE
B npoLtCCCC BhlTilJKKM npoucxoJ!MT ynpoQHCHHe M3TcpHana, u3MeueUHC CTPYKTYP, KOTopoe BJJeQer sa co6oH CMH-
)1(CHnC ero nn3CTHQeCKHX CBOUCTM. n03TOMY AnR BOCcr3HOBJ1CHHR n;J3CTHQeCKHX cBoACTB MCT3n.na Mc06xoHMo npHMe-
liSITI. P\.1C)f(OnCpaHOHHb1M OT)KMr. PCKoMellyeMhlc pf'KHMbI OTJKUra {lpHBelleHhI 8 Ta6.nHU.C ..
H3JIMl'lIOB3HHC H M8pl<3
M3 rcpHana
TCMnpaTypa 8peMJI BI:.II»IC..
Harpcs8" t'JC KH, MHH
leTO.n 0 XIl8)KlJeltlfH
(Ta!lb 08: 10; t 5; Cor. 0; {T. 1
('1" _ 2 1'011 LLlHHnA M 5 MM
760- 7RO
20 40
Ha BO:i.n.yxe
fo )f(e, TOJtl!(HHort uOJlee 5 MM
900-920
2U- -40
To )l(C
(Tan h 20: 25: 30 CT. 3; (:T 4
700- 720
60
BMe'-e c ne1lbJQ
(\l'aJll. nx r<.A
600-- 700
12 18
H8 BO:')}\yXC
("ldJ1L Xt 81"191'
1130-1170
30
38KaJII<a IIpH SE';: I MM Ha B03JJ.Y xc.
liP" s......} MM B 8o,tJ.e
J\.leJ1b II.. \12
600 650
30
ih B03,IJyXC
JlaTYHI-. fl{)2: JI6H
650 10U
1 5 - O
AJIR)Ml1UII)1 A; A{ r; A'tll
300-350
30
J  pa. l ' "' r\fJt H"n 11]  J\6; 1116
SO 4ho
30
110 2500(" c ncq},lO, aTlee H8
BO:i.nyxe
· PCJ f)"'lt.n:1Y('1.1L" pc1KU\.fhJ {yr>f<J.lrJ roUI T.ITiUIORhIX CrL"laBOB np"RCeJlbJ B Ta():2. 36HDCTOICll\ero pykOBO)J.QIJCro TeXIU1QCCICOro Marep"la..a.

28
npJrfJIO}J(EIII1E 18
TPABJ1EIIUE
Tpa8JJCHHC npllMCHilCTCSJ ,:JjJH Ylla,,1cHHSI OK3ilitHbi nOC:1C TcpMoo6pa60TICIt WTa"!nycnJlx nliCTORlifX U3;ICJll-li1. a T3K-
}KC SlI10AroTOBKH nOBcpXHOCTH K pa3.."H'{HbiM nOKpblTHRM. PCKOMCH.:IYCMblC COCTaBbi TpaBILlbHblX paCTBopOB AnSI pa3-
JJH\IHblX MCTan.,10B npHBCAcHbi B TaMHlle. IlnK YCKOPCHHH npou.ecca TpaslUlhHbIC pa"Bopbl no;wrpCB310TCSI AO 60-65 IIC.
rrepcza: TpaB.11eHHCM Hc06x0J1HMO OOC3)1(HpHTh H3J1;CJtHSI B utCJI01JHOM pacmopc. nOC,,'1C Tpa8;JCIIHSI Hco6xoIIM:t TUJaTCJb-
HaSi npOMbll\Ka lIO n01lHoro yn3..1eHHSI KItCJ!OTbI.
HaM MeHOB8HH(' I\UnepHaIlil
COC1'aB pac1'BeJ poB
Conep:iKa!ute n,- MCCY. %
III MC1jolHHe
<. 'CPH8JI JHIM conJlH8JI KHOJOTa
15 - 20
CTan ManO)TnepnJ,J,HCl'aJI
Uona npoM}.JUJ.,"1CHHOrO Ha"1HalleHMR
()l,-an bHce
CCf1H3J( I<HaJoTa
I U-15
(Tlb BbROI<O)'IJICpoJ].Hl'"T3J(
Dona oro MbJlnneHlforo Ha3Ra-..eHMR*
OCTaJ1bHOe
1-JJ.J(Hft HaTp HJ1H eaKoe KaJlH
50 10
Bona nl10 MLJW11eHHoro Ha:JHa...eHHR.
OCTaJlLHOe
IlrtH n}Df\.1bmk11 nome TJ')BJle-
HUH
A30TJt8JI KHaJOTa (400;, BONe)
IU
CUJUIH8JI KHCJ10"I3 (19 D BoMc'
1-2
llJIR nonY"'CHHR 6J1CC1'JlTlleft
nUDcllxHOC
( TaJlb H("p>Ka8ClOwaJl
CynblJ»lJ,J,HpoBaHHwR KJJeA
0.1
Bona npoMItJUMeHHoru Ha3Ha..mHJiI.
Ocranwwe
A30THU KMaJtJ'la (6° BoNe)
9R
ConRHaJI KMClTOTa
I
IIpe.n.sap'H1eJIHOC TpaBJlCHUC
Caa I
MCl1,hM cc CIU18abJ -,
A3011iaJI KHCJJOT3 (400;, 6oMc)
42.6
<'''epH8JI KH010Ta
56.8
b.!lCl 1 JUI{C'C 1 paB:IlUh
COJUIHU KHCJ10Ta
0.6
E.nKHA 'laTp IUIM enJ<OC Ka1IH
10-20
l:Io.o.a n po Mhll1D1CHHnl'O H83H3I1iCHHS*
OCTaJ1bJIOC
nORapemIWll,\)jI
10-15
AnIOMHHH:A " IJ.HHK
.\laToB..,c rpaBJlCH}h:
1XJ11illipoMMlllileHHOI'"O HaJlla..eIUt.M.
OCTilJlbHOe
COJ1.RHax KltCnOTa
5-10
)jUAB 1J11OMhlllLlell1l0f'Q 1183HalilHHR*
OCTaJ1LHOe
· no TCXlnIIICCKI-t,.. YCJlOBHS&M. yrBepneHHblM B ycr8HOlUlciinOM nopgne-

CMA3KA nPH BbITSI)KKE
284
llPHlIOJKEHHE 19
CMa3ICR R nOICphITHR npHMeHgJOTCK A1I5I CItIt1KCHItK YCK1IHSI BhlTJlJltKIt H nOJl)"lcHHK xopomero ICaQeCTB3 nOBepxuo-
CTH lIeranH npH npcza;eJlbHOM 3Ha'leHHH ICOHlJ,lleHTa BblT]((ICR.
npHMeHeHRe CM83KH H nOKphITHJI cnocot5crByer nOBHmeHHIO CTOHXOCTH mTaMna (TaM. 1 t 2 It 3).
PeKOMeHAYeMhle CMa3ICH JtJUI BYTtlalCH 6ea YToHeHHII
HaHMCHOBaHHe
MaTepHBnOB
CoctlB CMB301<
HoMepa CTaapTOB
H TCXHH'ieCKHX YCTO-
SMA
COep)l(aHMe
KOMnOHeHTOB
no Beey. %
TafinHlt8 I
npHMellaHHII
MaCTO HIfJtYCTpHBnLHOe 20
43
fOcr 17m
CraIl. MaJJoyrnepoJU{CTU IICHpW MOpCIOIX M11CKOIDtTaJOntHX H pbJ6
TeXHH'ieCKHe
8
rocr I 301
rpa4»n' n
fOll8295
rocr 7580
15
KHCTOTa oneHHOBaJI TeXHH'ieCKU
8
S
Cepa
MIaIIIO 3eJ1eHoe*
6
Bona npoMWuMeHHom Ha3Ha"eHIUI. 15
Macno HIfJtYCTpHaJlLHoe 20
rOCT 17m
rocr 4366
fOCT 879
('tan. M3Jlo)'rnepoJ].HCTWI
40
40
CMDKa YCc (COJlHJ10n CHHTe1H'iecKHA:)
TanJ( MonOTwA
II
Cepa
8
CnHpr 3THJJOBwIt TeXHH'IecKHA:
rocr 8314
rOCT 1707
fOcr 4366
Macno HIfJtYCTpHaJlbHoe 20
1
20
40
20
7
CM83J(8 YCc (mnHnon CHHTe1HQecKHA:)
fpa«»HT n
fOcr 8295
Cepa
CIlHpr 3'nI110BwR TeXHH..ecKHR:
rocr 8314
I
BoAB npoMWl1D1eHHOro H83H3It1eHHJI* 12
Cepy BBolJ,HTL II BHe TOHKO
H3Menllo1leHHOrn nopowKa
CepY BBOJU{Tb B BHlJ,e TOHKO
.H3Mcm.QeHHOm nopowKB
CepY pacTBOpHTbB HHA)'CTpH-
311YfOM Macne npK TeMncpaTYpe
OKono 160 0 C. HeJI,ocrlTKoM
CMDKH JlBn_eTCJI pacaJaHBaHHe
npt JJJ1HI'eJlLHo M xpBHeHHH
MaC1Jo HcrpHaJ1LHoe 20
33
fOcr I 701
MaCTO KBCropoBOC cyn-4ntpoBaHHOe
rOCT 6990
rocr I 304
I.S
)f(H pbJ MOpCKHX M11eKOIDITaJOWKX H pbJ6
TCXHU'ICCKHC
1.2
Men
45, 0
5,6
0,7
rOCT 1498
KH010Ta oneHHOB WI TeXHH'IecJSWI
fOCT 7580
IlaTp eltlGfA TeXHMIleCKHA:
fOCT2263
Bona npoMLlllU1cHHorn H8JHaqeHHR* 13,0
CMa3J<aneKO YJJ.aJ1.ReTCJ1. npH-
MeHJlCTCJl J]J1R TB)lCCTU:aIX pa60T
Mwno :JencHOc'"
20
Bona npo MLllWIeHHom H83HaQeHUJf. 80
· no TeXtn1aJeCltMM yCJJOBHRM. yYBep}l(J:{CHHWM B YCTaHOBJIeHHOM nopSlJJ;Ke.
Mwno pacTBOpHTJ. B Bone
OpH 60-7(fc

285
IlpotJol1JCeHlJe
HaM MeHOBaHHe CoCT8B CM830K CoJ1ep)l(8HHe HOMepa CTapToB npH MeqaHHJf
MaTepHaHOB ICOMOOHeK'I'OB H TeXHH"eCKHX YCTO-
no Becy.% BuR
3M)'J1laoon 37 rOc..i 1975
Men 45 rocr 1498 CMa3J<a MO'I' fiLITL ynYQWeH8
no6aBneuHeM 3% cynHpoB8H"
Coaa Kan.1UfHHpoBaHRU 1.3 rOCT 5100 K8CTOpoBOro M8CTa
Boaa npoMwumelUloro H83HaIJCHHJI* 16,7
CMa3Ka YH (Ba3eJ1HH TeXHH'IecKHtl) 80 rOef 782
Cran. Mlnoymepo- rpatHT n 20 rOCT 8295
IDICTaJI
Men 20 rOc..i 1498
rpatHT n . 30 rOef 8295 rp$T H MenORBH nyp.
3SCWOaJOTCJI B KHng1UHA MWnJ.-
Mwno x03dc1BCHHOC- 1 HbIR pBCTBOp
J30na npo M.nuneHHOro H83HaIJemnl. 49
Macno HIfJ1}'crpH81JJ.HOe 20 60.5 roCT I 707
..  .......
Tan.K MonoTWI: 20.0 rOCT 879
Mb1J1o KImQe80e. 11.5
MwnoHa4n' 8.0 rOCT 3853
MaCTo HH.QyCTpH8JlJ.HOe 20 54.0-53.5 rocy 1 707
Tan.K MOnuTWR 13 rOef 879
Mwnoua4rr 20 rocy 3853
IiInc CTpoHTeJl1dIhIR 2.5-3.0 roCT 125 B nopoWKe
MYKa npeaecHu IV rp. 180 5.5 rOef911
Kao.nHH S,O
MaC'JIo HHltYCTpHanYlOe 20 46.5 -46 rOef I 707
Cran. Manoyrnepo-
JUt CTaJI Tan.K MOJIDTwA: 30 rOCT 879
ManoHa4'T 20 rOef 3853
rHnc crpoHTeJ11d1hIR 3.5-4,0 rOef 125 B nopowJ<c
MaC'JIo HIU\YCfpKanJ.HOe 20 47.5-47 rOCT 1707
Tan.K MOJIOTwA: 25 rOCT 879
MWJIOHa4rr 20 roc..i 3853
rHDC CTpoHTenLHWR 3.5-4t O rOef I 25 B nopowKe
Cepa 4.0
Macno MawHHHoe 80-90 roCT 1 707 COAep*8HHe rp.'l.a B 3aaH-
QlM)CI"H OT xapal<Tepa B IaJTJI)I(I(H
rpatHT n 20-10 rocr 8295
Macno coeaoe 75 rOCT 7825 npHMeHJlTh CMa3KY npH TJI)I(e-
nbIX onepau)ulx rny& KOJt
Bona IlpoMLIUDJeHHoro H83HalJeHHJ1- 25 B hlTj()I(KH
MIOMHHMR H ero CMU W rnHH8 0,35 rOef 3226
C.oAa K81JwtHHHpoBaHHBH 0.3 rocy 5100
MlaIIlo x03J1A:CTBeHHoe* 0,35
Bona npoMlaJl1meHHom H83HaqeHHJI* 99
· no  ycnOBMiM. yraepellHLIN . YCT8HOBJIeHHOM nop8nke.

28"
np0c}ollxeHue
HaHMeHOBaHHC COCTaB CM8:JO J< Cone p >KaHKe H Mepa CTaH,napTOB npHMe"laHMIf
M3TepHa110B 1(0 MnOHeHTOB H TCXHHqCCKHX YaJO-
no Beey.. %1 RHA
napaHH 50 coer 784
npH BIalTH)KJ(e pe3HHoR:
KepoCIIH 25 faCT 1842 BBeC11I AononHHTcnLHo TI11LI(
no mCT 879 HJIH Men no
Macno HHJ1ycrpHaJlLHoe 20 25 rocr 1107 rocr 1498 -64 B KOJIH..ecme
----------------- AO I ,5 %
Macno Hl'I.nycrpHaJlLHoe 20 2S rOCT I 707
KHaJoTa oneHHOB 8JI TeXHHl.leCK8JI 4,5 rOCT 1580
AnIOMHHHA H
OCBMHllOBaHH8JI cran HaTp e]1JGdt TeXHHqeCKHR (25%) I ,0-1,5 rOCl' 2263
TaJilaK MOJJOTwR 15 faCT 819 B nopolW<e
Bona npoMldl1D1eHHOm Ha3HB..eIDlJl. 54,5-54,0
MIaIIIO xoJlRC1BeHH()e. 6-10
Bona I1po MwumeHHom H83HaqeHHJI* 94-90
MaCTo cypeHHOe cbIpoe TeXHH'teCKoe 100
Cona Ka11WU1HHpoBaHH8JI o.oi fOer 5100
naTYHh. MejU. H 6poH3a
MlaIIlo xodC1BeJiHoe. 0.8
Macno l(oHon1lJIHOC 0.12 rOCT 8989
KHaJoTa OJleHHOB BH TeXHH'leCKU 0.12 rOCT7580
Bona npoMWUDteHHOro H83HalJeHHR. OcraJlLHoe
fpa4»lTII I S -25 roer 8295 COJ{ep)f(aHHe rpafjJHTa B 38BH-
Hep)KlBelOllUUI CTaJIJ. CHMOcm OT xapaKTepa BblTj(1KKH
BoAa npoMbInmeHHoro Ha3HaqeHHJl* 85 -75
I-IHKen.H ern CDJ18BW 3MynJ.COl1 100 rOCT 1975
· no TeXHH..eCIGt.-.. ycnOBMilN, YTBep}K):teHHblN B YCTaHOBJteHHOM nop.zute.
PelCOMeHlIY eMlJle noxpblTHA H CMa3IC" Mil BhlT..ICH C YTOHeHHeM
Ta 6J1 H qa 2
- .
H8H MeJfOBaJ{He
M8TepHW1OB
rIoKpLImJl
CM83K11 nome nOKpW1HJI
KoMnOHeHTW
COnep)l(lHHC
no Becy, "
HOMepa
CT8HJ],BpY08 H
TeXHH"eCKHX
ycnORHI
1IaT)'Ilh M fiHMerallJ1
Mwno X03R"C1BeHHOc.
Ii -10
BoAa npoMWnmeH'Horo HB3HalJeillfJl
OCTaJl1.Hoe
Kynopoc H...dt
1.5
1..6
66,5
2..7
21.7
fOCI 2142
Con", nOR apCHH8JI
rOCT 153
rOCT 3252
McnJleJDIe M.6 .M. rOl-l' 9191
Knelt MC3npoBwR (cTOnxpHwIt)..
CTaJlh MBnoyrncpoJUfcTaJI
KHcnOTa cepH8JI TeXHH'ieCJ<8JI
I
Bona npoMwnmeHHoro Ha3HaqeJDIs$
...
GoC8THpoBaHHe
4POCJ rOCT 9191
GJoc.a1HpoBaHHe B paCTBope clx>ctaTHOKHCTLlx
ooJ1el c nOaJc.n.yIOIQfM U MWnHHaHHeM
Macno KaCTopoBoc cynHpoBaHHoe
100
raCT 6990
.
no TeXNM..eCKHM YCJlOBHRM, YTBep)l(,AeHHhIM B YCTaJIOBJIeHHOM nopSl):1Ke..
.. Knelt npe88pHTe1lhHO pacrBOpHTb B rop:Aqe ROe.. noc.ne !fero o6aBHTb OCT8JJbHhle KOMnOHeIITbI..

18'
T a 6 J1 .1 I( a J
PekOMelllQ'eMble CMa3JCIt npH BblT..Ke H 06pa60TJCe Ha -naBHlIhHJ.'X CTaHKax
..,.
eTaJ1eH H3 THTaHOBblX CnJlaBOB
MapKa eM8B8 H xapaKTep
ot5pa60TKH
H8HMeHOBaHHe CM83KH
110 Mt:pa CTa"Aap1'Om H
TCXHHlfeCKHX YC1t()BHR
II P" MeilalUtH
THTaHOJlwe eM3B1d BTJ H
BTS. 06pa60TK8 fie3
nOJlOrpeB8
KonnOHJ1HO-l'Pa4>HTOB LIe
npenapaTb1 BOJ:U{WC M8.p01< 8-0
IIJlH 8--1
rocr 5245
HaHOCH fCR Ha 1I0BepXHOC r 7jaroToDIUt KHCThlO
Il1nl nYIJLAcpU33TOpoM. ("yW1<3 "PH 20°("
B TCCHJ.tC 15-20 eCI<
naK XBJl.21
T), MXn 2497
YAanHcrCK paCrnOpCHI1CM B pa3>KH>KHTeIJC
TMTaHOB WC eM 8B LI BTI H
BTS. 0(5pa60TKa c 1I0JlOI'pe-
BOM
K01U10NJ:\HO"rpa-PH1'OB LIe npenaparw
BoDI.LIe MapOK 8--0 H 8--1
rOCT 524S
To )l(C
J1aK ')I(apoCTOJh(HA MBpKH c&r-9
T), MXn 2273
I1yaHOOHLI 11 l\13TPHllY CMa3LUl8TIt
paCTBopoM MaCna ...Ballop." B .IOIlYOJ1e Ii
kCHJlOJ1C
npI1JIO)l(EHJ.1E 20
nPHMEPbI KOHCTPYKQHR WTAMnOB" OCHAIIlEHHbIX TBEP.nbIM CnJIABOM
1. lliTaMD WISI np06HBKH C BepXHHM npHJlCMMON (pHC. I)
1..1.
AI
- fA
PHC" I
1 - npH)lCHM: 2 -1CD.nOHKa; 3 - o6oAMa; 4 - MDTpWU,3 (T8. cnn8B); S - nyallcolt; 6 - nCTiH\a

2. lliTaMn nOCJle,nOBaTeJIhHoro .I1CHCTBHII C HcnOJ{BHJKHblM CbeMHHKOM (pHc. 2)
A.}"
r
IA
PHC. 2
d
1 - Orp8I1ItIlMTeJlh; 2 - nnm8 JlH)lCHgg; 3 - IUIMH; 4 - ny8HCOH (TB. cnnaB); 5 - MDTPHIU COCTaBHIIi (TB. cnnaB); 6 - o6oAMa;
7 - MDTPHU,3 np06HBH3S1 (n. cnnaB); 8 - c.-'beMHHIC
3. lliT3Mn COBMceHHoro .I1cHCTBHII (puc.. 3)
A-A
PI1C.. 3
I - nYSHCOH-MDTPHU,3 (TB. C0JI8B); 2 - 1C0J10HX8 CbeMHHKa; 3 - ofiortMa nyaHcoH-MaTpMl(W; 4 - CbeMHHIC; 5 - MDTPHLt8 (n. COJI8B); 6-
o(ioi'IMD M3TpHlt))l; 7 - nyaHcOHOJ\cp.aTenll; ft - nyaHcoH; 9 - KonOHK8 BblTLTlKMBaTenR; 10 - OTnHnaTeJ1h; II - Orp8HM1IHTeJllI; 12 - TOJIKm-enb;
13 - wnOH1C8; 14 - I1J1HT1Ca; I S - crep)ICeHII; 16 - 6yp

4. IIITaMn mOO1JHblM (pHc.4)
A..A
r
fA
PlfC. ..
1 - o6oAMn; 2 - npolCJlaK.; 3 - BbIT8.JIKHBaTenb (TB. C0JI8B); 4 - nyaHcoH (TB. cJl1IaB)i 5 - M3TpHLl.a (TB. CJlJI8B)
5. lliT3Mn m60QHhlH (pHC. S)
Pl1c.5
1 - o6oflMn; 2 - MaTpHU,3 C0Cl'8BHltI (TB. CDJl8B); 3 - BCT8BK8 nyaHcolla (TB. C0JI8S);" - Jtep)IC80Ka

6. IIIT3Mn BHTi:JKHOii (pHC.6)
A-A
,r
'A
PHC. 6
1 - finmc; 2 - XBOCT09HK; 3 -nyaHCOU: 4 -I})HKcamp; S - o6oAMa; 6 - MDTpl'.l{8 (TB. Cf1JI8B); 7 - WTHT (hMIIT); 8 - C'beMJUIK;
9 - nPY>KHHa
llPHRO)KEHfIE 2/
cnJlAB HA ME,lI.HOtt OCHOBEAJlSI MATPH PA3AEJlliTEJIbHblX IIITAMnOB
21.01. npHMCHeHlle Cn.n3B3 H3 MeHoH OCHose AJlK MaTpHu. paCJlHTeJlf)HblX WTaMnOB HMCeT c.neYlOml1c npcHMY-
mecTB3:
a) ynpomCMHe H YAcmeBJ1eHHC TeXHOJlomqeCKoro npou.ccca M3roTOII.J1CHMK WT3MnOB;
6) nOBhlWCHlle CTOHICOC1'H WTaMnOB. B ocooeHHOCTH npH WTaMnOBICC TOHKHX M3TepHaJlOB.
21.02. TepMoo6paOOrKa Me;nforo ClIJIaBa npoH3BOJlHTCSI Ha CTaJ{HH 33roTOBHTCJ1bHblX oncpau.IfH AO TBep,nOCTH. no-
3BOJ1i1lOmeH HX OOpOOaTblBaTh OObfllHblMH MeTa.J1JIopCXYUJ.HMH MHCTpyMeHT3MH.
21.03. OCHOBItOe TeXMOJIOrn1JCCKOe npeHMyeCTBo npHMeHeHHR clIJI3sa 33KJ11OqaCTCSI B TOM, 'ITO OICOHq3TCJ1bM351
noroHKa H conpSlxeMHK paOOqHX Q3CTeM ooecneQHSaCTCK npoWHBKoii M3TpHltbl nyaHcOHOM. npH 3TOM nOCTHr3eTCK
paBHOMepHHH MHHHMaJJbHhlH 3a30p H xopomail 'lHCTOT3 nOBepXHOCTH MaTpH1lHoro nOKClC3, lITO 06cCne'lMBaeT nOJIy'le-
Hl1e BYCOICOro ICaQeCTB3 WT3MnYeMHX Ae T 3Jleit, OCo6eHHO H3 TOHKHX MaTepH3JlOB o 0,2 MM).
21,,04. YnpoIqeHlle H YAcmeBJ1eHl1e TeXHOJlOm'leCKoro npol(ecca H3roTOII.J1CHI1K Ae.naer 3ICOHOMHQecKH U.e.nCCoOOpa3-
IU v
Ubi,.. H3roT0BJ1CHHe WTaMnOB npH npoM3BOJlCTBe M3JlbIX cepMH ner3JIeH.
21.05. MaTpH'QN H3 Me,nHblX cn.naBOB n03BOJUIIOT HMerb Hapa60TKY Jl3 OTKa3 (npoMe;«YToIlHYIO CTOHICOCTb Mey
33TO'lK8MH) npH WT3MnOBICe TOHKHX MaTepHaJlOB 3Ha1,fHTeJlhHO ooJlee BhlCOKYIO, 'lCM CT3nbHhlC WT3Mnbl, C TBcp,no3a1Ca-
nCMHIiMM M3TpHl.\aMH, 'ITO 06bJlCHIICTCK c.neYIOHM:
a) 6.naronpuRTHOe COilCTaHH:f TBCp,nOCTH (HRC3 32...36), nnaCTHQHOCTH (OTHOCHTeJlbHOC Y.lVIHHCHHe /1.0 10 %,
)'AapHaK BK3ICOCTh.Jl;9 2,5 ICrMl CM ), H3HOCOYCTOH'lHBOCTb (ICoo4xt>HQHCHT TpeHHSJ co CM33KOH OyOO4" . .0,008) ;
6) npH 6o.nhWOH pa3HHu.e B TBep,nOCTM nyaHCOHa 113 CT3JlM (HRC3 58." .62) H M3TPHU.bI H3 MeH (HRC3 32. _ .36), He
npoHCXO):\HT 33TYDJIeHHB nyaRcoHa H BwcpamHBaHHIl PCXYIl\HX ICpoNOIC M3TPMQbI;
B) npH WT3MfiOBKe npoHCXOJ{HT ynJIomeHHC nOBepxHOCTHOro CJJOK M3TPHUbi. TO C03Jtaer H3npKJKeHHOe COCTOSlHHe
B 3TOM 30He, ICOTopoe nOBblW3er ynpyroe conpoTHBJICHHC pa3pywcHH".
21,,06. Cnn3B Ita MeHoii OCHOBe npHMCHKCTCK IC3K DJJR H3roTOBnCHHiI M3-rpHU. 33HOBO, TaK H n;nK pecr3BpaQHH H3HO-
WCHHblX.
PCICOMell.AYIOTCK CnJlaBhI c.nCYJOntMX COCTaBOB:
XHNHCCKHH COCTaB B %
 #'
CIIJ131JOB AI Fe Ni Cr Ti Zr Cu
I 10.8-11.0 3.7-4.5 3.7-4.5 0.1-0.2 0.2-03 - OCTDT.
2 10.8-11.0 3,7-4.S 3,7-4.5 0,1-0.2 - 0,2-0,3 _ tt --....
3 10.6-10.8 3.7-4.5 3,7-4,5 0,1-0.2 0,1-0,2 0.1-0.2 -
4 ] 1 .0--11,2 4,0-4,5 4,0-4,5 0.2-0,] "
- -

21.07. CnnaB pCKOMeH.ZIYeKSi npHMCHJlTh npH WTaMnOBICC l:tCTaJleii H3 aJlJOMHHH5I, Me;);" H MCHblX cnn3ROR. a TaK-
xe MJlrKoA CTaJlH:
npH TOJIIQHHe M3TepHaJ13 lIO 0,5 MM H JOO6b1X pa3Mepax n3J)THH AeraneH;
npH TMll(l1He M8TCpHana CB. 0,5 H)tO 1.0 MM H naprrHH l1CTa...cii 10.. .30 THC. mT)'1C;
npH TOJIHHe MaTCpHana CBHwe 1,0 1J.O 2,0 MM H napTHH Aeranejt"}lc 10 TIIIC. mTYIC.
He33BHCMMO OT TOJIHHbI M3Tepll3Jla H pa3MCpoB DaPTI1H clIJlaa AJI5I MaTpHI.\ u.enecoo6pa3Ho npHMCI1ItTb:
a) DpH WT3MnOBICe HeMeT3JIJIH1JeCICHX M3TepHaJlOB (reTHHaICC, TeKCTOJIHT, CJllOa H T. n.);
6) AJI H3roToaneHHK onYTHbiX napTHH AeT3J1CH npH 3anycJCC B npoH3BOJ{CTBO HOBblX HenHH;
B) npH H3roTOBJ1eHHH mTaMnOB C 33Be110MO I1c60JlbWHM pecypcOM paOOr;
r) npH aBapHHHoM BNXOJ1e H3 CTpoK OCHOBIIIJIX WTaMnOB H OTCYTCTBHH lIy6JlepoB.
21.08. npH pecr3BpaltHI1 H3HoweHHblX paeJlHTeJ1hHw{ WT3MnOB, B ICOTOpblX B pe3ynbT3Tc nepero'lCK COlliJIIf4>o-
BaH3 pa601JaK 1:I3CTh, MaTpRa apMHpyerCK BCTaBKoH HJIH uaJ(JJaICoif H3 CJ1JIaBa H npoWI1BaCTCJI nyaHcoHoM"
BCTaBx3 H3 CnJlaBa HJlH H3K11aKa MOJKeT npHMeHATbC.sI B neJIKX 3KOHOMHH QBCTHOro MeTiLna.
20.9. Pa3MCTK3 pa60Qero OKHa npoH3BOJlHTCK no nyaHCOHY B co6paHHoM H3 WTH4n'hI WTaMne Jlenc:HM OTne1J3TKOM
nyaHeoHa HJ1H C nOMow.bJO ICpaCKH.
Pa&Nce OICHO c1Jpe3epyeTcK C npHnYCKOM 0,2-0,5 MM, Ol1HOSpCMCHHO c1JPC3CPYCTClI npoB&L"'IhHOC OKHO 8 M3TPHQC-
AepJltaTeJle Ra 1-2 MM 6o.nbwC pa60'lero, 33TeM nyaHcoHoM AaCTCK 01TI1CIC ua rny6HHY 0,1-0,2 MM.. H3nHJThHHKOM
nOqHxnalOTCSI yrny H MCCTa, HMelOI.qHe oonmoH npHnYCK, fiOCJle 1Jcro H3 PY1JHOM npeece OICHO npomHBaerCK nyaHco-
HOM. npoWHBkY MOHO npoH3BOJlHTb H3 ICpHBOWHnHOM npeece, BKJ1I01JeHHOM Ha aBTOM3rnqeCICUH peJKHM pa60TbI.
06K33TeJlhHO RaJlH1IHe OOH1I1III0if CMa3KH" nocnc ICa)JCJ:toro onYCk3HHK n0Jl3YHa H3 0I-o,2 MM npol13BOJlHTCK HCCKOJ1h-
KO y,QapoB nyalleoHOM (He MeHec S). O'leHb xopomaK 1JHCTOT3 nOBepXHOCTH nOJ1Y1laeTCK B pe3ynbT3Tc npHpa60TKH Ha
npeece nyaHcoH3 H M3TPHQbI, CMa3aHHNX 3J1Ma3HOif nacroii. Ho nOCJle T3KOA npHpa60TKH OOK33TCJILHO c."eJQ'eT Tllla-
TeJlhHO npoMhlTb nyaMeoH H M3Tpl1IU' ICCpocHHOM H npoBCpHTh OTC)'TCTBHe H3Hoca (KOHYCHOCTH) H3 nyaHeoHe"

COnPH\AIIHk
I. O&tute CBeneHItR
2. MaTepH8J1bI..II[)HMeHAt:MLIe WUI J1eT3ncA lII'f3MnOB
3. IIlepoxoBaToclh nOBepxHoCTelt JJ,cTWICA WT8MnOB
4. PacKpoA MaTCpH&Jla
4.1. OlipcAcndtHC palUtCH8J1Wloro paCKpoR 1I0JJOChi (leHTbI)
4.2. IlIMpHoB ncpcMbl'ICl< DpH B3I<C
4.. 3. On pt:1J,eJ]CHHC WHJMH W nonOCLI (J1CHTbI)
S. blTaMnbI pa3AcnHTel1LH Lie
5.1. BNoop KOHCIpYKUHH lII'f3Mna H THns &JOKa
5.2.. Pac-.cT YCHJIHR BhIPC3KH. YCHJ1lfe CHJIl'HJI It npoT3J1KItB3HHA nCTaJtH linK OTXona
5..3.. On peneneltHC ueHTpa .QDBneHHJI lII'f3Mna
5.4. 3a:JOpbI Me)lfJ1y M3TpHllef' H IIyaHcoHo8 B BblpYfnX H npo6HsHbIx WTt1MnaX
5.S. PaclicT HaIOnHH1'CnbHIX pa3MepoB M3TpHlt H nyaHCOHoB
5.6. MaTpHUbI .
5.7. C.oCI3'RHLIe MaTrH[") .
5.8. PeHCYUOIC H mIIl.\CBLIe CCKHtt
5.9. nyaHcoHbI
5.9.1. CnocofibI KpcDJleHMJI M KOHCIpYK.THBII 3JlCMCHTid
5.9.2. CocraBub nyctHCOI-.))1
5.9.3. nYaJlCOHbl JlJJR nPJ6H8KIt OTBCpcrHA M&nbIX .D,HaMCTpoB
5.9A. nyall CO It hi An. BLlpy&cU HeMtn"aJIJlH-.cCKHX M8TepHanOll
5.10. C"LeMIIHKH
5.1 I. Han paensllo11(.He IIJ1aHKH
5..1 2. Ynopld
5..1 3.. (I)tU(OiTOPW
5.14. nOBH'reflH
5.1 5.. HO}I(H ma"'B L, HO>KH WII1 pa3pe3KH OYX0J10B
5.16.. nOJJ.KnanHb ItJllfl"KH .
S.J 7 npoH8nbHLE OT8CpCTHA B nJllfrdX
5.18. T()1Jl<a,,'eJIH M OTnHllaTCHM
SJ 9. lIh'aMuLI WUI IILlpY6KIt C nopaItHeft
5.20. IIHcroB8JI BbIpyftKa M npofiHBl<ij
5..21. blT3MnbI WlA BbIpy6KH M npo6HBKH ne1'aJlcR H3 MarHaeBbIX aIJlaBOB Hep)IGlyelOWllx H )tGlponpo-nlbIx cran(
5..22.. lIITaMnbI Will BbIpyftKM H npo6HoKM neTaJleR H:J TIt1'aHOBbIX mn.BOB
5.23.. blT8MnwJVuI BbIpy6KH H npo6HHKM. OcotieHHoCTH J<OHCIpYHpoBaHHs WT8MnOB AJI. M3mTOlUleHHR lJ,e'fWIC At:)
nTlOlaKm H TeKCI'OJ1M.ra
5.23..1. PaCIieT HCnOJIHHTeJllIHhlX JD:JMepoB M3TpHU H nyaHCOHOB
5..23..2. BbI&p KOHcrpYl<l.tHH WTdMI13
5.23.3. P.lC"Ie'l YCHJIHR npH>KHMa. J<onCIpY JCUHII npH}l(HMHbIX ycrpoACIB
5.23.4. I!)opMa 3aTO"JCH nyallmHoB
S.. 24.. npHMCHcllae mMOTBelOllUtx nnaCTMacc 8 urraMnax
5.25. I1It'UMIIbI 3DIIHCfHLoE
5..25..1.. Ri:1HaIJeHHe H o6nacnnpHMeHeHHA 3DIDtCTIILJX WT8MnOB
5..25.2. npHnycKH Ha 3DQHCfKY
5..25.3. PaccT K010nHHTenbHWX pa:JMepoB MaTpHlt H nyatfCOHOB
5-25.4. lItraMJIh. JUtll 3a"lHl"IKH KOHTypa Ofi)lGlTHeM .
5..25.5. PcKoMeH.naWlH no KOHCcrpYHpoBaJIlI1O 38I1HCTHblX WTdMllOB
5.25.6.. OnpcACJICHHe YCHIlIUI npH 33I1H(,'Tke
6. IlJTaMnbI I'H60Ift-lLIe
6.1. Onpc.neneHHe W1MllbJ pa3BeprlCH II pH m6Ke
6.2. )'1 JlhI n py )lQtIlCHIUI n pH rHfiKe
6.3. KOHCTp)tK'IHBHbJe neMClr(1,1 pa&'DI neTaJleA mfiolJHwx w.raMnOB
6.4. IlJTaMnbI W1H m6J<H cJtO]I(HWX JJ.eTaJIcA (c MKHyTIdM KomypoM)
6.5. Pd'leT )'CHRHR 1116KH
6.6. lIh'aMnbI I\11H pa:jRopuTa
7. lIh'aMuw BbllR>KHJ:.£
7 .1. K.J1acrnc1>HI<3UHR OhrrJl}I(HI:tIX WTt1MnOB
7.2. Ollpc.ucncHHc p33MepoB 3DI'OTOBOK nOJIbIA Ten npaUJ.eHHA JUlR BLITII)I(J(H fie:. )'TOHCHUSI
7.2.1. 0pHnYCI< "3 ()fipt:3I<Y
7.2.2. MCTOnbI JDccTa nHaMeTpa Ji\l'OTOBOK
7.3. PdC'fe1" IIHCJ1a UIICpauMA..pH UWI'R)I(I(e 6c3 YTOHCHHH (1 JbtHJ1.pH-.cCKItX net'aJICA
7.4. npH}l(HMI:d (CKnalJ,I<ClJ,e JnlGiTCJ1H)
1.5. IllraMnhl W1R BhrrR)f(KH IIpHMOYIUJlbHIX nonbIX ne13J1cli 6e:J cJmaHua
7 .5.1 OrJ1HI.JHTnLHb Oro6cIlHOCTH M Wl'R)I(J(H n pH MOymnLHbIx IleTallel
IIIIR-.
7.6. Pac1.&.VJ OllrfJnKKH HH3J<HX "p'lMOYI'OJILHbfX nOnl:tlA ,lleTa.TteA IIpH --S  (0.6...0.8) . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . - - - . -
Clp.
4
5
7
IJ
11
15
16
17
17
18
20
12
22
27
31
35
35
35
38
39
40
41
44
46
49
49
SO
53
53
54
SS
56
58
SR
5'1
S9
63
63
64
64
65
65
65
67
67
6
69
70
70
HI
8fJ
89
91
92
93
1.)3
93
94
94
III
114
116
116
111

7.6.1. OnpeneJTeHMC KOJ'HlleCTBa onepaLlHA .
7.6.2. OnpenencliMc cJ>OpMI If pa:JMepoB nJloC1<oA 3alU1'OBKM
7.6.3. BLJTR)l(K3 6e3 n pH>KHM3 n rU'MoyronWlIx nonblX CTo.nC"
Hon
7.7. PaCIfeT 'UJIJl>KKH DhlWt<IiX IIPRMOY('OJ1W1IX"CnIx IICTaneA npt -8>O._..o.8
7 .7.1. OnpeneneHHe KOJIIfCT8a onepaIUfR
7.7.2. OnpeneneHHc 4>OpMhl H paMepoB IIJIOCKOA :Jal'OTOBKH
7 .7.3. On penCJlCHHe ct>OpMLI Ii pa3MCp)B B hfl'JI)KC1( "" n p)Me)l(yTolDlblx onepal.\H.x .
7.7 .4. Onpe,QCJ1HHe cJ>0PMLJ" pa3MepoIJ IihrfJtJJreK nCTaneA c; pa.aWYCitMJ1 fI yrnax rn> Rx
7.8 8hffJOKK3 UHnHH,a.pMlleCKHX AeTa.nelt C y'coHeHHCM CTeHOIC
7.9. I1lraMI1a.IlJ./UI BbTrfl>KKH C BLtBopalffiHaHHcM (o6pa'rHBJI BLJTJ1>KKa)
7.10. PaC'leT B ..rfJ{ C1yne H qaThlX J1TancA
7.11. I1lTaMnLI A1IJI BLrrJJ>KKH KCHH'leCKHX .QeTaneA
7 J t.l. BhITR>KKa HH11<MX KOHHqeCKHXTaJ1eA
7.11-2. 8..rnf>Kl<a BhlCOKHX I<OHH'leCJ<HX nCTaJlA & tft1Jafll1a -
7 J J .3. BLnR>KI<a BhlKHX I<OUH'leCJ<JfX J1aJ1eA c Jl4)"IlCM
7.12. BhrnUK1<a ne'fsncR ccpKecKoA Ii napa60JIHIICCKoh cJ>OPM....
7 -13- OnpeneneHHc p13MepoB :t3I'o.rOBI<H IIpK HIJUI)KI(e .u.TWICR c OnHoA nnOCI-\OCTbJO l"HMMCTpHM
7.14. 8bITH>KK3 neraJ1cA co CJIO)KHhlM KOIi'IYp)M
7.15. 3a:1Ophl Me BhIlJl>KHoA M!tlpHueA H nyaHCOI¥'M
7.16- PnC'fer It cnonHHTCnlaHhlX pa3MepoB paGoIDI'" JJ,C ra;lett BhITH)KHLJX UITaMnOB
7 -J 7 _ KOHCTpYJ<T'IBHbIC nCMeHThl nelJJcJt flhrrJtJKHLIX UITaMT10B
7.17. t . Pn6o'IHA Ilpo4>HJJh DLnJl)l(JthlX M3.TpHll II nyaHc."OHoH
7 - 1 7 -2- KOHCTpYMp)uaHHe BrrJl)KHbIX nyaHcoHoB
7.17.3. Ynopw B..rrH>KHI:aIX WTd.MOOB
7 .18. fie CJl)!(Hble pe6p
7.19. 8bfUJ.)KK8 nCTaJJel1 "3I.tBe1H1X MCT81lHOB M cnnasoH C npKMceHlleM MecrHoro lIarpeBa
7 - 20. n"')CnnoBa1-enwraJi B LfrJl)K!(8 8 nell1"e
7 .20.1. 8I»UR>KKa 6c'J JlaJ13)(H JleHT LI
7.20.2. BLUR)KKB C Ha.u.3KoA neHTLI .
7.21. BLUA>KKD 06rtHUOBOliHLIX II nODo6tfbl'- nC1'aJl
7 .21. t . OCHOHHLJe 4aaK'COp BnHJ1lOutHc Ha 3q,cTHB"OcrL BLJTJI>KK11
7.21.2. Brr HJKHhIC IIC peOJ1L'1 ,I],.IIJ1 OMHIlOBO"lH blX M HM nono6H"I caJ1c'A
7 2 t -3 HCIII1\jHHa H pmOnOJKeHHe TCXHOJlOrntl(:CKliX n pKnYCKoll
7.21.4. npUMelleliJ4c TcXlIOnOI1f'lCCJ(IiX IJhlfC30B (OKOH'
7..22. PaC'Ie"f YCHnHJ1 BLrrJl>KKH M cHmul npHitGlM8
7 .22.t. PaCllCT YCKJUIJI 8hffJ1)I(KH .
7 22.2. PaC1fCT fCHJ1MR npK)lQtMa
8. I1lraMrThl JlJlJI pa60prOHKH
8.1. Pn36 o pToBKa KpymLI'X oTBepcTHR
8.1. Aff:JnHTIi'lel.KHA M£'COJI. paC1fCTa napMcTpoB p3ftoprOBJ<M
H.3. KOHcrpYJ(TKBH 3neMeliThl pa60IJRX ,[Ie lo.neA If cxeMhl UlrdMnOB !IJTJI p336optOBJ<H
8.4 rp4>HcKHA MeTOn pC\fCfa napaMC"lpOB P:J60ptolunf
8_5. PaC'IeT YCHJIHII p'd360ptOBKH
H..6. Pn360pToDl<a o1'sepcTHR 00 CJIO)KHhlM I<OlfJypoM
9.IlIT3Mnhl Ailll 06>KHMa H pa3na-.H nonLIX QHJ1HHJ)pH'ICCKHX neTaJlclt
9 1. ()O>KHM It pa3na&.l8
to. I1tnMrTbl fl.JlR JUfCTOROA IJtl<aHKM
11. PnClleT .nelane urra MUOS Ha 11 po'4fOC1'))
11.1 Pa('l(T 1I)'aI{COHOB
11.2. P.:tclle1 RIiHTOD Ii 6onToB
1 1.3. PdceT Ul-tJU1 f1 npM'lecJ<HX n(YY>lCHH
1 t .4. .PdCIlCI Tat)clItI3TLIX npY11
11 .5. PaC'ICT J<OJIWeB IX n pY>lCHH
I J  PaC'ICT pe1..tHORI:.IX 6yfIJepoB It IlpotClajJ.oK
t t. 7. P.:tC4eT HH)l(HH X fiJUiT
12. XHOCTOIUU(1f
t3. lJCCf,1 AiUI xonODHO UI1':1MrTOBKH
t4. KOHC"PYHpoa8HHC WTaMnOB. OI.;1fC:tuteHtibIX T8ep;D;I:.IM aUlaBOM .
t 4. J 0611JJfc UOJIO >KC'IIIUI
J4.2. a"lcpHaJlhl.wIH .Q.Cl'aJlct\ UJ'fJMnOB
14 3. l1Iep)xolJcn"{)('th IIOBCpX1-fOl'TA
14.4. I1JTaMllhl pa3J1cn"rJ1bln,
14.4 I Bbl60(JI<OHCI pYl<UHIi
14.4.2. 3a30pbI Mey MaTpHue M JI nYSHl"OHOM .
14.4 J. MnpHl!bl
14.4.4 ()OOMbI
14.4 5. ll)ralic."oliI
t 4.4 .b- nyallco none J»Kal C 1U1.
117
117
121
122
122
123
t24
t14
126
130
] 31
132
t32
133
134
136
J37
139
140
141
143
143
146
t46
147
J49
153
153
154
ISH
IS8
158
JSft
160
160
J60
t62
165
165
t67
J68
t69
110
170
t71
171
172
172
172
174
175
177
17
179
180
J 82
IH3
\96
196
t97
\9H
J99
19
199
199
205
2U8
209
J,

14-4.7. C;..eMHHJ<U
14.4.Jt HanpdUUnaw.Kc YCTpoACTB8 .
14.4.9. CDHKC8TOphl (JJOBHTcnM)
14.5. IlITatMllhl I"H 6otJHL
14.6. IUTaMJILI W"UI BbnR)KKH .
[4.7 .IlITaMnI}J)1A qCl<aHKM
15. npKMeHelUte IIOJJH)'pcT8H8 B IllTaMna
15.1. OcHoflHLre n0.J10HHJI
15.2. TCXHH'lCCKHe Tpe&B3HHM
15.2.1. ..CXJtHqCCKHC 1'PC&B3HMJt I< upoucccy Mro1'OBJleHlfJt JlcT3JleA BbJl'lftJ<oR, np: J 6HuJ<oR
15.2.2. TCXHHlJeCKHe Tpc&BHMH t< Ii po....ecc)' H:JI1'OBneH"R ACl'aJlcA 11f6KO"
15.2.3. TCXHHIWCKJfe Tpe&saHHH K np)(lccy li"JroT08J1CHHR' cJ>OpMOBKOft
15.2.4. TeXHH'lCCKHC Tpe60BUHHR I( II pol1eccy H'3J'()TOBnCHIUll1l.T3nc pa:JlI3I1eA
15.2.5. TeXHHlJecJ(HC.Tpc6oRHI.uJ K IlPOUCCL'Y H:)J'01'OBJICJlHR ,nC18J1cA BldTR)KKOA 110 >KCCTl<olt M3..rPHUC
3na CfHWLIM nyallcollo M
15.2.6. TCXHHIi..-CKHe TI1t60B8HIiJi J< n pouec,-'Y H3J'OTOiUJeHlttl JlTaJlett BLlTJI>Kl(oA 110 >lreCTKOMY nYSHCOH)'
3na"HlftfoA MaTpHQeft
15.2.7. TCXHM-.ecKite TpeOOB8HHJI K npol.tcL'" H3roTo8ncHlUI ne1'aneA pcBcprnBHoA BLIfR)IO(oA .
15.2.8. TCXlfH1ICCKite [peOOB8HIfH J< oCHacrJ<
15.2.9. ThnoBIde TCXHOJ1omlleCKite npo,",cccLI JI M3TcpHanw; OJoro6L1 YCTpt.He"MSJ .uc4»eKT08
16. HJ'OTOBneHMe UITaMl10.B MCTOlJ,OM r-mLtiidttonnacrHKH
16.1. t)rU1HOCTh MeTOna l'anLBaHonnacrllKH
t6.20 feXHOJIOI'HlJeCKHIt npol1cc 1t31()TOBnCHJUI Ma.rpHUbi Bhlpy6HOro WTaMIIa I111JLB811onnacrHKoA
16.3. TeXHOJlOI"M'leCKHIt npol(CCC M310l"OBJlCJlHJI MB.TpHllLII1t6o l ftoJ'O (BlJffR)l(HOro) IllrdMITa J'iinLBi.tHOnnaCTMKoA
17 - HCJ<OTOpb1e orot5eMHVcrH Cc})cp:>.aBH)lQloh urea MDOBKH
18. "NnynJ.c}t1de MeTOLI JVlJI urraMnOBK11 'rA' .E1HO,UC(j)OpMHp)- CMhlX MCTSnJTO'8 B OJnaBOM
nPHnO)l(EUH.H:
1. PeI<OMeHJ1)(.eMilf wepoxoBaTO"'"Tb06p6aT"lBaeMbl lIoBepx:uocrelt J<onO"OK.II)litJlCOH()B 1'.1aTpMU, BTynoK H Jlpymx neTa.lIe
2. I\fCTOIJ.hl COClUfHCHlill (J(nJlCHMJI) J1eTi:tnR tllTi:t Mn:i
3. Ot'110BHb MCXaHIf'leC1<Re cnoAcrBa WT'MnyCMbl MaTc('IIaJ10M. T6yeM'b1t: npn paCqeTf> II1TaMnOD
4. npeJ1eJJWLIC OlKJIOItClIlUI no uIHpK1fe XOJlOllHOf{aTaHHof1 JlCIiThl H3 )OmepoAAC'fOn KonCI PYJ<IUfOHHOA crallH 110 rOCT 2284
5. npenCIllaH1de OTJ<nOlltI1HSI no IllllpHHC JteHThl HJ HHCTpYM'HTaJ)MloA H npY>KHHllott CfMH no rOCT 2283
6. npeCI1L1tble OTJ<nOHenUA no TonllUUt£ JlHCTOROR I'OP1lqCK..'rHlloA CTaIlM no r()CT 19903
7. nl1eJ1LHLle 01"f(110UCIfHJ1110 TonulHHe nHcroBoA }(OnO/UlOK3TiUIHOA cranK no rOCI' 19904
8 np:..uJllaHble OTJ<I10HeHJUlnO IllHpHHe nal'YHKoA JJelfTbl no rOCT 208 .
9. IlpeaenNft.le 011(JlOIIHHH no UIHp1f H e Me;lHoA nonoCLlliO rOC149S .
10 I1pc,u,cJlIaH hI!' OTl<nOHCUI1R 110 WHpHHC neHTbl1f3 aI1IOMHHHJI M aJllOMJOIHeBhlX aIJlRBOB no rOCT 13726
11 Pa C'ICT H hlP}' 6]10 1'0 urra Mila
12. PaCI4:C I 3a'ilfLTHOIO UITi:tMTra
13. PdCIlCT ru&'llioj'o UI1'3MItIt
t4. PaC\feT ., bfl H:iKHOJ'O IUTaMJI3 WISI ",lIl1HKnpHtlecJ<on ,Ue r l'aJ1H
15. PdC I ICT [JlT3Mna,W1M RbrrRJKI<H ACTaJ1H H neH'ce c Hanpef(oA
16. PeCIiCT pa .J60PfORKlt OI"BCpl.THB
1 7. Or)lGf (' II pM 11 bIT SI >KK!:
1 tt TpaBJ1CHHC
19. CMcI:JKC1 IIpH Abn-Jl)f(K
20. npl1Mt"phl KOllcrpYKIUIH UJTaMIiOB. OOlan.{CHHLIA TBepnhlM OJJIaBOM
21. f"nnaA H3 MeJI:HOA (.1CHOBC WUI MaTpKU pa.JJ:\el1uTcnlaHblx WT"dMl10B . _ _ . _ . . . 0 . . . . , _ . _ . _ .. 0 . _ . _ _ _ . . . . . _
210
211
2t9
212
215
217
218
218
220
220
225
227
230
230
231
231
232
237
242
242
243
245
246
246
147
247
252
159
260
260
261
261
262
261
262
265
267
269
271
281
282
283
2H4
281
29()