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Beex npYn1X Kpl1MI1HaJlbHblX neHHI.Jf! CJI}'>KI1T xapaKrepl1CTI1I<a cneul1<1J11-
lIeCKoro BI1illI HaC!1,lI1H, OTnl1l1I1TeJ1bHbIMIil npl13H8KI1 KOTOpOro HBJ1HIOT-
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HapyweHi1e UeJ1OCTHOCTI.J POCCl.JfiCKOH 11 - 278 YK 1'4>;
2) B036y>KaeHl1e COUI1a.rJbHOH, pacoBOii, HBUHOHaJ1bHOH I1J\I.J peJ!11-
1l103HQli I)(BHI1 - CT. 282 YK PeD;
3) nponarMtlla i1CKJII04i1TeJ1bHOCTI1, npeliClnOlIl"TBa mmo HenOJIJiO-
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HI1.11 K pelIl1rl1l1 - CT. 239 YK 1'4>;
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23

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npI1MeHeHI1S1. - CT. 141 YK P(f). 'J 2 CT. 142 YK P(f);
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a paSHO I1X lDIUIOBIIeHl1e tUlH xpllHeHI1e II UeJI.IIX MaCaJBOIU pacnpo-
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CT. 282.2 YK P<D
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24

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25

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25

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27

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CT. 205. 205.1. 205.2.n, 208, 211, 277. 278. 27911360YK PW.
Cne1IYeT 33Me'IHTb, 'ITO npeCT}lrmeHlliI Tepp(1JMCTII'-IeCKoro xapaK.1ep.:l.
npen.ycMOTpfHHble cr 278 11 279 YK pw. MOI)'J fiblTb OTHeceHbl 11 K npe-
Cl)'nneHlliIM 3KC1J'CMUCTCKOP: HanpaBlleHHOCTI1, eCJ111 OHI1 cosepweHbl no
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28

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11"10. nO!1IJI1CaHHblH B MOHpea.rte 244>eBpa.rt>l 1988 r. 7) KOHBCHUHH o60pb6e C
lIe:JaKOIU1b1MI1 !lnaMI1, HanpaB!1ellHblMii npoTllu 6cOIJCHOCT>1 MopC!(QroCYJIOxoJ[-
CTBa. nOllIJIICaHHaJi B PIIMe 10MapTa 1988 r: 8) npOTOKO!1 o60pb6ec HeJaIWH-
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30

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el<Tbl, npamrrenbCTIICHHble }"Jpe>K1leHIIIJI, 1<0MI1TeTbl nOJllfI"H'reCl<HX nap-
ndi, npo4x:olO30B. B 1980 npoBeJ1B B3pblB B B3p0nopTY 0pi1111
(8 'JeJIOBeK paHelibl) B 1979-1981.ll0XOli OT 3KcnpOnpllalJJII1 OOCTaBltJI
100 MJ1H <tJpaHKoB. B 1980 HeKOTopb1e nl1.Uepbl, B TOM '-lIllCJ1e PyHOH,
apecruwHbl. '1TO cnoco6cTIJosa.rro COKjJaWeHl11O MBcw-ra60IJ reppOpl1J-
Ma OllHaKO B 1981 Pyi!:oo l111pynte aKTHBI.JCTb! OCB060JKlleHbl no aM-
HI1CTI1I1. B 1982 ALl BHOBb nOCTaBlleHa BHe 3aKOHa 11 HB nBa r0111l npe-
KpB11tJla 1lCflTeJlbHOCTb. B 4>eBpane 1984 ALl npHJblBaeT I< reppopy npo-
TI1B HATO. B 1980-x ALl BbIC1)'Ilo1JID JalK OpraHI133UI1H. 05l.e11HHSlIOWaH
3amUlHoeaponeiiclU1x reppcpl1CTOB, carpynHI1'1aJIB C «KpacHb!MI1 6pl1-
rrurBMI1» 11 PActI, '-leMY Cnoco6crnoB:ilO MeC1OH.:LXOJKJ1e1c!l1e llJTa6-
85

KBap11tp pan.a 3anaaHoeBponei1cKI1X repPCpl1CTI1'IeCJ<I.I>'; OpraHI1JaUI1i1 Ha
Teppl1TOpl111 ClIpaHUl111 15 SlHBap 1985 r. AU 11 PAClI nOllnl1CaJ111 lleK-
J1Bp<1UIUO 06 001.enl1HeHI1111 III Ha'lWlt1 ocywecrBIISlTb Teppop npoTl1B Y4-
peJKlleHI1i1 11 nepcoHaJIa HATO. cOBepwaTb Hana.neHIUI Ha BoeHHblX
IIIH>KeHepoB AU B 1985 f. y6I1T 'IIIIHOBHt1K MI1HIIICTepCTFIa 060p0HbI
ClIpaHUl111 PeHe o.npaH; 11 HO.ll6p.ll 1986 r. y6HT reHepaJlbHblf1 11l1peKTOp
«PeHO» }K. ()ecce B 1986-1987 ff. 6blJII1 apecrOFlaHbl 20 repPOpl1CTOB
AU, 18 113 KOTOpbIX OC}I)K.UeHbI B 1988 r. B 1989 6blJlIII ap'CIDIJ.)Hbl 11
npHrooopeHbl K n()JK1!3HeHHOMY 3aKJIIO'IeHI1IO DBe TeppqJllCTKi1 AU -
I-IaTaJ1I1 MeHE,()H 11 }Ko3JIb I06poH. oOBHHeHHble B opraHlOaUI1I1 11 I1C-
nOJlHeHl111 MHoro'll1CJ1eHHblX repaKTOB. AU npennpl1H.II.fID P.ll1l oGclpe-
nOB 11 ropblBOB rpaHaT B peCTOpaHWI:, npI1Ha.a.neJKaLllJ1X eBpe.llM. Ikero
reppopl1CTbI 0CVlll0CTBWI11 60nee 80 y611i1CTB 11 ropbIBOB.
«KpacHbie  (<<Brjgate Rosse»_ I1Ta!1I1.11) - 6P. nepBOe co-
06weHl1e 0 6P OTHOCi1TC.II K 1969 r. OpraHl1JaTopbl 11 Hl\CMHble PYKOBO-
llllTeJII1 6P - Kyp'lo 11 CDpaH'IecKHHI-l OcHOBHOi1 paf10H ne.llTeJlbHOCTI1
opraHI1JaUHI1 - npoMbilliJ1eHHa.II JOHa MIt.!lH - TYpl1H - feRY.II.
C 1910 r. ne5lTeJlbHOCTb 6P B KPynHblx ropo.aax ceBepa aKTI1BHJl1pyerC5I:
pacnpOC11JaH.IIIOTC.II JlI1CTOBKI1, npo1JDQI1.II1OI nOlUKorn ilBTOM06I1J1cH:.
11I1Bepcl1l1 H3 npeJlnpl1.11TJ.1.11X, 3Kcnpcnpl13UHI1, nOXl1rneHI1.11 11 ..npOJle-
TapcKHe» CYllbi. neplk1.ll onepaUlI5I ..KpacHbIX 6pl1l1V1» npoBellCHa
28 HO.ll6p.ll 1910 r. - ocymeCTBlleHa Ceplll51 B3pblBOB Ha J!loone ..nl1)JeJl-
J1111». 3 MapTa 1972 r. cocrosJQOCb nepBa51 KpynHIDI ilKUi1.11 6P - noxlII-
rneHlIe 'IJleHa p}'KOB01lCTB3 .cIIT-Cl1MeHc» I1JHlJlbro MaKKb.llpI1HI1. OH
6blJ] c4>arorplll]mpO&1H c npornnlHlll1CTCKHM flJI!lKaTOM 11 omyweH no-
CJ1e 20 MIIIH 3<1KJII04eHt1.11. E!ropoIt 3TIln 60pb6b1 Ha'lI1HaeTCII nOXlllweHllleM
JaMecnrreJIlI fJ1aBHOro I1JXIKYIX'pa reH)'lll Mapl10 CQcr::lt (18 illlpeJUI 1974 -
23 Ma5I 1974 r. - nepooe nOXI1WeHl1e rocynapcTBeHHoro 'II1HOBHI1Ka). 3a
ero cB06o.uy TeppopltcThl nOTpe6olk1JJ11 OCB06o)l(JleHI1.11 BOCbMI1 apeC1O-
BaHHblX pYKOBOl\ltreJlei1 rpynnHpoBKH ..22 OKrn6p.ll». TeppOpl1JM 6pl1l11-
Dl1CTbI paco.t:rrpItBaJ1111 KaK npo5lRl1eHt1e ilKTI1BHOj;! Cl1J]bI 'IeJ10BeKa, cno-
co6<.11J)rlOwcii COJAaHI1IO YCJIOBI1j;! pe60JI1OU110HHoi1 DeTeJ1bHOCTI.J. ()PI1-
n\!ll1CTbl BOCnpI1HHJ111 Hilel1 rDpOJ:lC}.oh repl1JlbH. 06bJJBI1IJ ropona e-
HOjj CpffiKeHl1fi: ..KpynHblf1 ropon SlBII.IIeTC5I TIllOKe CKOl1JleHi1eM UeJ1ei1.
KOTopble CIIell}tt nopmKaTb. 3D.ecb nepen. HilMI1 OrpoMHblj;! I]IPOHT, npl1-
'IeM npoTH6Ht1K HI1KOrna He JHaeT, B KaKoi1 I1MeHHO T04Ke era >K1IeT
Halll ynap. nOCKOJIbKY Bce lleJlI1 Ha 310M I]IpoHTe nerKO nOCTI1JKI1Mbl.
npOHIBHI1K BblHYJKlleH nOCTO.llHHO 11 nOBCeMeClliO 6blTb B COCTO.llHI1(1
60eBoj;! r01OBHOCTI1. B peJynbTare Ht1rne OH He 6yn:eT nOCTIlTO'JHO CI1-
J1eH 11 He60JIbWoe 'I11CJ10 napTI1JaH CMOJKeT 6JJOKi1poBan 3Hil'lI1TeJIbHble
HenpmneJ1bCKl1e CW1bl EloeHHble net'ICTIJIUI cne.nyeT Ha'lI1}ffiTb B Hal16o-
nee BWKHblX YKpeflJleHHblX pai1oHWI: npoTI1BHI1Ka: npOTI1B Bcex I1HCTI11Y-
TOB 310m 061lleCTBa, npOTI1B !lllMI1HHC'Ipm11BHblX CJJ}')K6 11 nOJIHueii-
85

CKI1X Y'WClKOB, npOTIiiD pyI«JIIQllCTOO KPynHbJX npcMbllll!JeHHb!X KOM-
l1JIeKCOB 11 HX OTIJeTCTE!eHHblX IJIIIHODHI1KOII.. <. > EloeHHblMIII npon1ll-
HI1KaMIil napnUaHCKHX ctJopMl1pOlJaHI1f1 j.JBJmIOTC nOJlI1UH 11 apMIUI".
8 I1IOHSI 1976 r. CJ1eDYeT yOl1i1CTBO Tl:ppopHCTIlMI1 npo reHYH
<J>paH'JeCKO KOKO. npenHTCTBOBaBwero 06MeHY COCCI1 Ha -reppcpI1CTOB.
EI 1974 r. npoHI1KllJl1j.j B EiP npoI!OlGITqJ lJ.;u.Jporro Dbllk"UJ Kyp<IO.
<])paHlJeCKI1HI1, OHbHH6e, <])eppaPH Maypl1UHO 11 .D.pyrHX PYKOElOllI1Te-
.rrei1 opraHI133U1111 ElcKope Kypqo 6e)KaJ] 113 n.oxo oxpaHHeMoi1 TlOpb-
Mb!. CnyCTII ro.u CXBa'leH BHOBb 11 II 1978 (TypI1HCKHf1 npouecc Han
«}JCTOpl1'1eCKI1M" PYKOBQl1CTOOM EiP) OC}')K!leH Ha WlI1TeJ1bHbIA CpcK TIO-
peMHofo 3aKJ1IO'IeHIUI. EI 1974-1975 ff. npoxOIUfT nepecrpoi1Ka EP -
CO «CT])aTerl1'lecKoe KOMWillOIk1HI1C» (<<IlHpeultoHe crpare.IDKl1-
KO», <{JJeHaMI1 SlBJ1S1IOTC KaK Hc;']eraJlbl. TIlK 11 lleDYWl1e 06bl'lH)'lO
>KI13Hb: PltKapn.o D,yppa, MOpeTTI1. EiaJlbuepaHI1 11 np.) 11 d1cnOJlHI1-
TenbHoe KOMIlH1l0BaHl1e.. (<<Ill1peUl1oHe 3KJeKYfHIIa"), d1cnOJIHI1TeJIb-
Hbli1 KOMaH1l0BaHl1e» Koopnl1Hl1pyer nelTeJIbHOCTb KonOHH 11 PYKOIIO.uHT
onepaUI1.IIMI1. no ymep)l(!leHI1SIM n. ne'll1. B03fJIaBJISIJIO opfaH13..IllHJO
aoconlOTHO JaKOHCnl1pl1pOBaHHOe «nOJl}JTH'JecKoe JJYKODOlICTIJOe. EiP
COCTOHT }JJ: -reppcpI1CTI1<lecKoro nOnnOJlbH (KOJIOHHbl: PltM (c 1976).
MK!1BH, TypHH, reIJySl, EleHeUI1S1). pa3BenKH 11 CII}'"A.6bl I1H4xJpMilllltlll,
KOI"OpbIe 3aHI1MaJOTC BHe.upeHl1eM JlJO.uef1 Ha npOI1JBOnCTOO, II MI1HI1-
CTepCTBa, nOJlI1UI1JO; IJCItXOJIm-!'Je(:KOI-I CIJ} KOTOpIDI JawrTI! 113}"le-
Hl1eM BOJ.llekrnHSI coo6meHI1j.j CMI1 Ha JllQJ1l'M. KonOHHbl paJ6I1Tbl H3
6pl1ranbl, COCTOSllllHe Ka)l(!lIDI He Gonee 'leM H3 mlTlt 'IJ1eHOB OpraHI1-
3aUl1S! CTaHOBHTCS! 60JIee JaKOHcm'lmpoBaHHott:, BeD.eTCSI TwaTeJ1bHblf1
uroop JlJO.uef1. '-I11CJ1eHHOCTb 60eBlilKOB fiP - no 500 '1enOlleK. Elo 2-f1
non. 1970-x rr. EiP nepexolUlT K npHMOMY BOOpyJKeHHOMY HaCK!1I1JO:
y6HikTInM 11 }'Be'lWlM, KOIUpbIe CTIlHOBHTCSI 'lpeJBbllJaMHO nep3KHMIII -
JapaHee, 3a 10-15 MHH, CMI1 npenynpe)l(!lalOTCSI 06 O<JepeJ1Hof:i >KepT-
lie PltMCKlliI KonOHHa, C03Jl[lHHa\J MOpeTTI1. .ne61OT11p)"eT II 1976 no.D.-
>KOraMI1 aBToMo6l-1J1ew. pacnpOCl'paH.IIeT JlI1CTOBKI1. B <tJeDpane 1977 CJ1e-
nyeT HananeHHe HIl I1HCneKTOpa ElanepHo TpaDepcH. To.bKO D 1977 Ha
PYKOBOIl11TeJ1ef1 cpellHero 3DeHa xun 6pl1f3J1HCTaMIII CODepllJeHO 55 no-
KYllJeHIllf1 npeJlllPI1HHMaJOTCSI nOKyweHI1S] Ha >KYPHaJIHCTa '3MK!11110
POCCI1. rrp<xpecc:or1d PeMO Ka'J'JI$eCT<t, llenyraTii xun ny6nl1o <J>bOPI1.
nl1K D.eSlTeJ1bHOCTH «KpacHblx 6pl1f3J1» npllX())llITOl Ha 1977-1981.
B 310T nepHOll Teppop BOJrnaBHJI MapHO MOpeTTI1 3HaIJIHe;']bHOH)1'-
pooe nOllJlepfaJIOCb >KI13Hb RblcrynaRllJl1X C o6J1I11'1eHI1eM leppopa >K)'p-
HaJIl1CTOB 11 dJI.lJOKdfOtJ B 1977 (ip paJB>l3a.rt11 DQf:iHY npoTl1B CMI1. Ha-
naneHl1.11M n01l.BCpml1Cb MHOfHe >KypHaJ1I1CTbJ. HaK3HyHe Typl1HCKOro
npouecca «KpacHble 6plffiUlbl» npoBOLlHJlIII Teppop npoTltB BCex, nbl-
TaRWHXC1 RblcrynHTb C OCy:>K1leHllleM neSlTeJ1bHOCTI1 opraHlII3aUI1I1. Y>KOC,
Bbl3lJaHHbli1 yOl1i1CTlI[\II1, 6bLfJ CTOJIb CH_eH, '1TO CY.D.Y He y.aa.OCb CO-
87

6paTb HeOOXOJlI.IMOro 'lI1CJ1a npl1CfI;KHbJX, IlO3IUMY npouecc BOJ06HOB-
.neH TOJIbKO B MapTC 1918. PyKOl'!OlalreQIII reppoplllCTOB no.nY'U1JII1 no
10-15 JleT TlOpeMHoro 3aKJlf0'1eHI1f1 C '3TOro MOMeHTa reppopIlCTU ne-
peXOWIT K npflMblM nOCTOflHHb!M araKaM Ha npellCT..unnenei1 rocynapcr-
BeHHOA BJ1aCTI1 Bcno]a nepl101l C 1971 no 1980 B I1Ta.1111 -reppOpl1-
CTaMI1 yOlITbl 15 npm:ypopcB 11 cynei-i. 16 M!lpra 1978 r. CJJl'l1}'eT 3HIlMe-
HI1Toe nOXl.JweHl1e A.rrbllO Mopo. nOXI1111B era, «KpaCHble 6p11rM.bl»
nblTMI1Cb BblHynl1Tb npaBHTeJJbCTBO ncKml H!I neperooopb! 11 npl13HaTb
T!lKI1M 06pa30M I)p nOJlHoueHHbJM nOnI1TI1'leCKHM onnOHeHTOM. nocne
yOHi1CTB<1 Mopa 6pl1rarII1CTbi nepexoJUIT K MaCCOBbIM <1KUI1f1M - 06heK-
TaMI1 HanaaeHI1i1 CTaHOBJITCfI WKOJIbI, yHI1SepCl1TeTbl, TPaHcnopr. npo-
OOlUlT aKUl110 'nparrerapcKoi1 oKKynaW:lI1» I1HCTl1tyra nOBblWeHI1H KBa-
JlI14JHKaUI1I1 npl1 Typl1HCKOM YHI1Bcpcl1"rere: B onepaUHI1 yqacTBOBaJlO
OKOJJO neCflTI1 Teppcpl1CTOB - HeCKonbKO C1I}'llJ:.ITeJlei-i I1HCTI11)'fa 6bl-
JlO BbJe11XieHbI B.nOJIb CTeHb! 11 nOKaJle<leHbl. 1919 CT<1HOBI.JTCfI peKopn-
HblM ronoM no 'II1CJIY TeppOpl1CTl1'IeCKI1X aKTOB - 6bLfJI1 cosepweHo
1150 HanaueHI1i1, 113 KOTOPb!X 133 - Ha yqe6HbJe 3aBeneHI1fI, 110 - Ha
npo4JcomJbI., 106 - H<1 CeKlll111 XLln, 91 - H!I CeKllilI1 I1TIU1h11HcKoi1
KOMMYHI1CTH'!eC)(()I.i nll(JTHI1. 90 - H<1 Ka3:lp\lbl KllpIl6H1-JepOB 11 nOJII1-
UHIO. B HOfl6pe 1919 B OTBeT Ha lIel'JCTI!lm npaBOOXpilHlHeJlbHbJX OPI1l-
HOB no nOI1CI<)' TCppOJJIIClUB I)P O6NISI1JJI1 KaMnaHl110  Ha Kapa-
611HepOB 11 nOJJl1ueiJcKJlX.. B paMKaX KOTOpOA HeCKOJIbKO 'lenOBeK yOl1-
HI. B 1978 I)p nOCTaBl1JJ11 3arIa<Jy «nepeW<1fHyrb lO;KHbli-i 61lpbep 11 061.--
eJ1I1HI1Tb YCl1JJ1-m npOJJer.lpllftl., 6oplOllil1XC5I H!! ceBepe. 11 npOJJeTapHeB
IOra. nonbJl1(()li peanlll30BaTb 31)' nOKT)JIIIHY CTaJlO yOHticrno 19 Mill!
1980 S HeanOJle nl-O-lO AMaTo. Llo 1979 fiP nO'!TI1 He 3HaJll1 npoBaJlOB.
CrpeM!1eHl1e 6pl1rM.I1CTOB YJI}"IWI1Tb KOHCnltp<1TI1BHbJe Mepbl 3IlCTaBII.ll-
eT B 1980-e rr. p.Tlrrenl.JTh KonOHHbl Ha H<16o.rIbWl1e fI'Iei1KI1, KOHTaKTbI
Me)!(J1y KOropblMI1 M!lKCI1MaJIbHO COKp!lweHbl OT6op HOBblX 'IJIeHOB
JI, B opr!lHIll3!lUI1IO npHHI1M!lIOTCSl 'IJIeHbl p;I3fpO\lJleHHblX
JleOOpMHKa.fJbHb!X reppopt1Clll'IecKHX rpynmlpOBOK. I1TaJlbSlHcKHe 3a-
KOHon:rreJII1 npl1Hffi111 pflll Mep K npo4Jl1JJ<1KTI1Ke TepJJClpttc11t'JeCKOi-i
npeCT)'IlHOCTI.J ComacHO npl1HSlTblM J!lKOH!lM J<1 COT)JYlIHIII'IeCTBO C no-
.nIllUl1ei1, KOTopoe nOMomo npell(1l1'lpaTI1Tb HOBbie npei.-1)'IIDeHItSl, rep-
popHCT Mar paCC'1I1TbIBaTb Ha Cepbe3HOe CMHf'JeHl1e HaKa3aHI1f1 C 1980
pacKlliIBwHecH 6oeBI.JKH HIl<JI1H<11OT D.aBaTb ceHCallIlOHHbie nOK.:l3aHI1.11,
<eT0 n03BQJ1l1JJ0 nOllIllUl1It apOCTOBaTb 60JIbWIIIHCTBO reppoplllCTQB.
K 1983 OKano 1000 TeppopHCTOF! 6bU1111 apecTOF!olHbl, 400 - pacKaa.'lItCb,
'IeMY cnoco6I..TIJOBMO OCOJHaHl1e Taro, <eT0 npaKTHKa reppopa CJJI1W-
KOM lIMeKO yllJ}Ja or lIeK.fJapl1pOBaHHbLX uenei1 (P06epro Pocco: «He
1I)'M<1IO, tlT06bl npOJJIITill! Hmm KpOBb nOCJ1)0KHMI '1eM)'-JlltfJo,,). Kpyn-
HetlWI1t1 nOCJ1e TypHHCKOro npouecca cyn HaD. PYKOF!OllCTBOM I)P npo-
'1[0111111 B PI1Me c I anpeJ1S1 1982 no 25 SlHlJap 1983, me p!CCJJenooaJJOCb
88

«lleno Mopo». flepen CYllOM npellCTaJll1 54 06BI1HHeMbIX (erne 9, npoxo-
llHBWI1X no .neJIY. H8XO.1lHJ1HCb B 6erax). flpouecc JaBepWI1JICH OC)')Klle-
HI1CM 32 'JeJ10BeK H8 nOIKH3HeHHoe JaKlIIO'1eHI1C. 23 - H8 paJ.rlI1'JHbIC
CpoKl1. OCTa!1bHbIC 6bU111 onpaB.nUHbJ B 1984 B pmrax napn1l1 npoHJO-
wen paCKOJ1 HU «CTUpI1KOIJ» 11 «M0J1011bIX". 06paJoIJaBwl1ecH B PC3YJlb-
T3Te ctJp3KUHI1 npl1HJII1 Ha3BIlHI1 d(pucHble 6pHrarIbl - KOMMYHI.J-
CT11'JeCKaJI CpalKalOlU!HICH napT1UJ» (BR-PCO) 11 «KpacHble 6pl1rarIbl-
COIOJ cpaJK<\IOWHXCH KOMMytiUCTOB" (BR-UCC) «CnlpI1KW> HUCTUI1Ba-
JJI1 HU aKTI1BHJaUl111 MaCCOlJOA lICHTeJJbHOCTI1 11 pacCf>Ia1pI1BaJII1 CCCP 11
ClllA aparalllI1 B paBHow CTeneHI1; «M0J1011bleo> OTCnll1Banl1 aKTI1BI1Ja-
UI1IO reppopa, CCCP C'JI1TaJII1 BTopocreneHHblM BparoM no cpaBHelilll10
C CWA B 1984 Ha coo6olle OCTaBaJlOCb 360 I1JBeCTHblX nOJ1I1Ul111 rep-
popHCTOB, OpraHI1JaUJrn llCJJana nOnbITKH K BOCCT8HOBJICHI1IO. K 1985
H8 coo6rure He 60ncc 300 "feI1JOP1fC1UIl, 113 HI1X aKTI1BHO lICMCTB}'1OlUHX -
OKQfJO 100. B 1986 npol.J30IllJ111 10 repaKTOB 11 O1lHO y6l1itcmo - 3m
6bU1 caMbli1 cnOKOHHblH roll nOCJJe 1969 B 1987 6P nOnbJTaJII1Cb ilKTI1-
BHJl1poBaTbCH. oprJHll3OII8B HC:CKonbKO HananCHI1i1. B 1987 6bU1a ape-
CTOBaHa aMepl1KaHK!I 3JIeH KYlI, OTBe'JaBWaII B liP Ja f>IeJ!'J1}'H3POllHbJC
CBHJI1 1989 CTaJI noc.ellHI1M rQ1IOM, KOm!l d(pacHble 6pHrarIblO> npell-
CnlBII.lUJ1II KaXYIO-111160 {)Il"lCHOCTh- Bcero B pmmx liP COCTOHJIO OT 1200
110 2000 TeppoplilCTOB 11 110 10 TblC «HCperyJlpHbIX" 'VIeHOB, Cc:rollHH.
no npennOJ1at<eHI1HM, He 60nee 50 'JenOBeK. OpraHI1JaLlHH l1MeJUI rQ1I0-
BOW 6JQIDKeT 2 M11Pll JlI1p. CDltH!lHCltpOGI.Hl1e OCVJUeCTBIl.IUJOCb JIl C'leT
orpa611eHI1 11 JJI1BHCI(o nOMOUlI1. BnepBble liP onqJhITO 3MBI1J1I1 06
3Kcnponpl1aUHIII nOClle orpa6l1eHIIIH 15 Mall 1975 HapollHoro CeJ1bCKOXO-
3HMcmcHHoro 61lHKa B BWICHl.!e (42 M11H JlI1p). no HCKOTOpbIM lIaH-
HbIM. 430 nOXl1llieHI1 3a 1972-1982 npl1HeCJII1 BeeM I1TaJlbHHCKl1M
TeppO)JltCTIlM 100 MJlH 1I011JI. lipHranl1CT nOlly<JaJI e>KeMeCH<JHoe noc06He
no 250 TbiC. 1111p B MeCHl.!. KalKlloe nonpa3JrelleHHe I1MellO Tatt:HI1KllllUI
YKPblTHH 11lOLleii. Opy:>KIIIH. apXHBOB. B napl.J)!(e Ii UlOpl1xe HaXO.1lKl1I11Cb
31lp}ofieJKHble ue!-flpbl liP. OllHH - nOli BHllOM KHIDKHOrD M!lrIl3I1H!I.
lIpyroH - COUl1aJ1hHO-3KOHOMWJeCKOW J.JCCJJe1l01k1Te11bCKOi1: opraHI1J!I-
I{HIII. Ha ooop}'IKeHI1I11 IIIMeJII1 aBTQMaTbl KanaWHI1KOBa. CTe)l!1I1Hr, nl1C-
TOJ1eTbl 6payHIIIHr H 6epeTTa. npeJll1011aral"fD1, <JTO opy:>Kllle 6P nOJ1y<Ja-
JlI1 O£ OpraHI1J.alll1l1 OCIJOfioJKaeHI1 fla'leCTI1HbI 11 JII1BI1H
<PpaKII,UR KjJuaIoii ApMUU (Rote Annee FrnktlOn. rpynna lia!t1lep -
Mai1HxOl]J; cI>Pf) - PACD. OcHOB!lTc:J(11 PA<]): X. Manep 11 Y. MaAHXOI]J -
I1HTenneKl)'aJlbl. 113BeCTHbie lleHTeJII1 JleIJUPdIDIKaJlbHoro 1I1J1IJKCHI1>i;
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89

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TJOpbMj O)l(){llrnl peweHtIH C)lillI. >KeHlUI1Hbl-TeppOPItClKI1 3a.H.IIJ1ItCb
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KI1X -reppopI1CTOB: OOMCpa. Mai1Hx<$. 3HCJlI1H 11 Mariepa_ 15 MIDI 1970
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K repJX>PY, HaC'II-1TbiBarm 30 '1eJ10BeK B rpex rpynnax. 17 aBlYCTa 1970
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12 ceHTJl5pJl 1970 - o.nHOBpeMeHHoe orpa6JJeHlIJe B 3ananHoM EepJll1He
rpeMH rpynnar-.m TPex OOHKOB - Ha 220 TblC MapOK. B 1970 TOJIbKO B
3anaJIHOM 6epJ1I1He 6blJ1o ocytUeCTRlleHO OKOJIO 80 nOIDKoroB 11 B3Pbl-
BOB 6aHKOB, Mara311HOB, CKIIaDOB, K(l3apM. Y'lpe;K)1eHI1i1 6YHJleCBepa 11
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UI1I1 21-1JOH.II 1968)_ no D3HHbIM MBLl €I>pr, PA€I> B 1971 npoBeJIa 555
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MeHfe r(mUl1aHe_ (])AP npoBCJ1a pan D3pbIBOB B PHMe. B TOM 'II1C!le
npennpHHWla nonblTKY noKyweHI1H Ha npeMbCp-MI1HI1CTpa_ 21 'L!leH
OpraHI1JaUHI1 6bU1 apeCTOBaH_ nOCJJe BbIXOlI3 113 TJOpbMbl 113 'lJIeHOB
(])AP BbW-BHHYJICH nl1HO Paym. 60J1ee CK!10HHbli1 K TeoperHlIecKof1 pa-
6ore. B IlpOTI1BOBeC aKTHBI1CTy rpaWJaHe. Payrl1 BOJflaBI1J1 ..HOBblf1
nopJl!IOK». aKTHBI13HpOBaBWI1i1 neHTe!lbHOCTb B 1969 OPn1HI13aUHSI
«3aHI1MaeT tl11l'OJl(J.fI.JlIeCKI1 KpatlH1010 n03Hlll11O, CBII33Ha no npollc'«))f(-
neHl110 C qrronoKCaflbHbIM I)JaWI1JMOM. OTBepraer BCHKI1i1 KOHTaKT C
93

HHC11fI)'JaMI1 ne\lOtqJit/11'recKoro crpml&_ Ha COIJeIilllHI1I1 Jll1.fiepOB HeO-
4JallJI1CTCKHX rpynnl1poBOK 18 anpeJI 1969 B nWJ)'e 6bLfJ Bblpa60TaH
1lJI8H COBepllJeHIII$I TepaKTOB B L\eJI$lX KOMJIpOMeTalH111 pecny6.rlI1KaHCKO-
ro pe)l(l1MiI 11 nOllTOTOBKH 6JJaronpmITHOro LL1f1 COBepllleHl.JfI npaOOtlB-
TopHTapHOro nepeoopOTa B 06weCTBeHHO1 C03HaHI1I1_ B COOTFleTCTBMI.J
C fiJ1aHOM 11eTOM - oceHhlO 1969 rpynna (f:Jpelltl - BemypbJ B PaJ11WI-
HblX ropoLI,aX npoI.J3BeJIa B3pbIBbi I1 nOKYllJeHIIIII - 22 aKTa 38 9 Mf1>1-
ueB: 15 anpeJIfi 1969 B3PhlB K.1fJItHeTa peKTopa f1uyaHcKoro YHJ.lBepcl.J-
TeTa fYl11lo OnoKepa. nOIDKor CTeHlla <lmpMbl c41HaT» Ha SlpMapKe B
MK!18He; 25 anpe'lSi 1969 - MK!1aH, B3pblBbI H8 ueHTpaJIbHOM BOK3aJle;
8 aBI)'CTa 1969 - rophlB noe:w:a PHM - Ml1JJaH_ B3pblB B MK!13He B
aaaH1111 CeJIbCKOXiicmeHHOro 6aHKa Ha flrmuua cDoHTaHa 12 neKa6-
PH 1969 (vfiI.m,( 11 '-leJIOBeK 11 furtee 100 paHeHbl); 0Ct-J"lpyJKCH8 6oM6a B
KOMMep'1ecKoM 6aHKe, o6eJBpOKeHa, 11 neKJ6pH 1969 - PHM. B3PhIBbi B
nQ!13eJ.iHOM nepeXOlle Y TpynoBoro 6aHKa (14 paHeHbl); 1I.B<1 B3PblBa Y
mlWlTHI1Ka «Ai1nlpb Ore'IecTBw (18 paHcHbl); B PHMe C 16'145 MI1H no
17'-l 15 MI1H npol130lliJ10 TalOKe nBa B3PbIBIl. HO 6e3 XepTB_ Bcero B
1969 conepweHO 53 TCpaKTa. «HOBhlH: noPHllOK» pacnyweH B 1973 3a
}"JOC1lfe B nonblTKe rocynapcTBeHlioro ncpeBopoTa B 1974 BOCCO.maeT-
CH nOli Ha3BaHI1eM «qepHblA noPHllOK»_ OpraHI13aUMoHHoe c06paHl1e
npoxo1ll1110 B KaIT'dJII1Ke B 4JeBpane 1974_ fll1llepbl He($aWI1CTOB 1lp11-
HfIJIl1 peweI-1I1e «c nOMOlllbKJ 6oM6 Teppopl1J1lpo&\Tb 8HfI1$aWI1CTOB.
pa3BepHyrb 4JH311'1eCKI1H: Teppop. C03ill1Tb aTMoc4Jepy HaCI111tD1, I1CnOJlb-
3YH MeTO.Db1 BeJlI1KOtt III He3a6F1eHIi0i1: OAC» B anpeJlH 1974 reppopH-
CThI npoBeJlI1 B3(JbIBbI B fleKKO, Eiapl1, EioJIOHbe; B PHMe 15 OKTH6pH
1974 - cepl1S1 B3pblOOB B Te1.JeHl1e HeCK011bKIIIX '1aCOB (00 LlBOpue npa-
OOCYlll.JfI, Y 3!WHHfI p}-"KDBOllCTB:I XLln H np_)_ Bcero «1.J:epHbli1 IlOpHllOK»
3a 1974 npl1tmJI OTlJeTCTtIeIiHOCTb 3a II nI1BepcI1H:_ BCKOpe opraHI138Lll1H
BHOBbpacnanacb;
1) Cepble 6OAKU» (60eBble f1Jynnbl MOJIOnexHOit OpraHI13aUHI1 nap-
Tl1H H8UHOH<L'lbHOro nei1CTBMH; TypUl1.11)_ C03lI3.HHa.II B 1958 KHK Pec-
ny6JII1KaHCKllfi KpeCThflHCKaH HIlUMOHW1bIIDH naprMH. B 1965. nOCJJe
nepexona pyKOBOllCTBa K A.rrbnapC11i1HY TlOpKewy (npl1Hep)l(l1Ba!1CH llJO-
BI1HHCTJI'IecKl1X, naHTIOpKPCTCKHX B31J1W10B), 6bUltl nepeHMeHQBaH3 B
napTHiO HaUHOHW1bHoro .nenCTBIII$I (nH..Q)_ npl1 Hen 6bUIl1 opraHl130-
1k1Hbl MOJIOlle)l(Hhle .o6UIeC1Bt1 l11leanI1CTOB». npH KOTOpWt nei1cTBOBaflI1
.()oJK}'PThI» - «cepble BOJlKI1»_ I1x JI03YHr: «nYCTb npOJ1bCTCH Hawa
KjJOBb, HO  I1CJ18M» 1.J:JIeHbl CB: MeJ1K3H 6}'PJKYJ31f)!.
11IOMneH-npOJlerapl1l1T, Cl)'neHThI. 8BaI-tJ1OPlICTbl. t::peCThSIHe H pa60'II1e.
B 33nMHoi1 [BpOne CB I1MeJll1 129 4JrumdlJOB. :mpemCTj)l1poBaHHbIX
KaK K)'JIbT)'pHble 11 cnOjITMBHble OpraHI13aUHI1 npHHalli K CB
M0T1111 TOJ1bKO rpynnbl. OpnlHI1JOBaHHble I1eppXI1'1eCKI1. HaW10HWlbHble
III .aeitcTR)'IOWl.Je no npHK33Y 113 TYPUHH_ EoeBl1KIII rOTOBl-1JIlIICb B 37 118-
repHX. K 19liO C}'lLltt1BOBdJJO 1700 OTj)HllOB C 100 TbIC_ 'IJIeHOB. B 1974 B
94

TypUl111 npOI1JOULO 4 nOJ1I1T11'reCKI1X y611i1CTlJa. 1977-1980 CTa!11.J IJ)UI
Hee BpeMeHeM nOllbCMU -reppopl13Mfr nei1crBOBaJIl1 MHon)<{I1CJieHHble
J1eBUwme I.J npaBopa,aIllKaJIbHble opraHl13aUl111 (HunpI1Mep, «AKBH'II1-
.nap» - reppOpl1CTI1'1eCNU1 OpraHI13aUI1S1. C 1978 B nOllnom,e. neticTBo-
RaJ1a CORMeCTHO C CB, «lOm<ylUKYH»). reppopl.JCTl1'1ecl<ylO .ae$lTeJ1bHOCTb
BeJ111 "I)'lJeUKIte l1CJ1aMI.JCTbI_ B 1977 COBepweHO 239 y61.JCTB no J1OJ1I.J-
TI.J'IeCKIIIM MOTl1BaM. B 1918 - 831 npH 3121 nOKYweHI1H B 1919 no-
mOOo 1150 'IeJIOBeK_ Teppop pacll)JOCTJYlHeH B 45 113 67 Wle_ J]eBble 11
npaBble TeppOplK.Tb( BeJ1H ()1{0T)' npyr Ha npyra. npellnpl1HI1MaJIl1 nOKY-
WeHI.JSI Ha J1OJ1I1TI1KOB, }"IeHblx. >KYPHaJII1CTOB. ArlUKa y6W1 penaKTDpa
raJeTbl «MI1llJJI1er»; 6bLJIl1 y6lffbl []I1care.rr1.J Y_ KapraH.IDKl1or.ny.
J],. TlOTeHrl-U1b, 'IJ1eH IkeMI1pHoro COBera Ml1pa K TlOpK!1ep, Ha'lW1b-
HI1K CJJy;mbl 6eJOnacHOCTI1 npoBI1HUl111 AllaH3 J])K. IOPillll<yJI CB
npaKTI1KOBal1I1 «6eJMPI:CHbli1» Teppop - B3pb1Bb! aBT06yco8, OCTaHOBOK
roPCllCKOro TjJaHcnopra, K34>e, MI1TI1HroB. 1 Mllil 1917 pacC1]JeJ1WlI.J ne-
MOHC1paWtIO B CraM6YJle (40 '1eJlOBeK norn6JJo)_ KOHeLl.neKa6pJJ 1978-
rpynna I)JaWI1CTOB HanaruJ Ha pelII1r1103HyJO npoueccPIO K)'JJllOB-lllI.JI1TOB
B KmpaHMapawe (y6I1T 101 '!eJ10BeK, paHeHbJ (052)- I)bLJII.J CO>KA<eHbl
210 3.U81i11f1 31-11 CTOJ1KHOBeHI1I1 Bb!31Jai1l1 BOJ1HY KOHt}mI1KTOB, nJX)KU-
TI1BWI1XCSI no BCI:f1 CTpaHe_ C SlHBapSl no anpe.rrb 1979 y6I1TO 314 I.J pa-
HeHO 1088 '!eJ10BeK lI.eSlTeJ1bHOCTb reppq:JUClOB 6bLJIa no.uaBileHa BOeH-
HblM npaBI1TeJIbCTBOM nOCJ1e nepeoopOTa 12 CeHTOOpf! 19!H_ A TlOpKew
11 ewe 587 'IJ1eHOB nHLl npl1R!1e'leHbl K CYDY_ IkeMl1PHYIO IJBOCTHOCTb
CB nOJIy'u'L1.J y:>Ke IIOCJle paJrpoMa OpraHH3aUlUI BCJle.1lCTBl1e nOKYwe-
HI1S1 ArroKI1 Ha l10aHHa 1laR!11l 11_
PacU'JM - cOBOKYnHOCTb }"IeHI1i1, B OCHOBe KOTOpbIX J1e)!(aT nO-'lo-
>KeHI.JSI 0 1J111311'1ocKOii 11 nCI1XJ.I'IeCKDli HepaBHoueHHOCTI1 '!eJ10Be4eCKIllX
pac 11 pewaroweM tIJ11111H1111 pacOtlblX pa:JJII1'lI1i1lia IK.TOpIIIO III KyJlbTYPY
06weCTBa_ PacI.J3M BKJ1IO'JaeT KIlel1 06 I1CKOHHOM pa31lCJIeHI1I1 mOllei1 Ha
BblCWl1e 11 HlJll]pe paCbl, 113 J<OTOPbIX nepBble SlBlHlIOTCf! eJlI1HCTBeH-
HblMI1 CO".ln:ITCIISlMI.J UJ.lBWl113aurm I.J npl13BaHbi rocnOllCTBOBaTb Han
BTOpblMI1_ OcvutecmneHl1e paCI1CTCKI1X TeOpJ.ljj HIl npaKTI1Ke nopoi1 HIl-
XOllJ.lT csoe BblpWXeHl1e B nOJ1I1TI1Ke pacOBOtl DHCKPI-IMI1HaUJ.lI1 B I-Uleo-
JlOI1:I'leCKIIX KOHuenTIlX TeIJPOPI'ICTI1'IeCKDH neSlTeJIbHOCTJ.I OOJKHO BC1JIe-
TIlTb BCIO UReTOEI}'IO raMMY: 6eJ1blt1, 'IepHblt1, )!(eJ1Tb!tt paCIII3M_
Hal16o..rJee 113BeCTHbie TeppO(Jl1CTI:l'IeCKJ.le OpraHl13aurm. I1cnOBe-
DYIOWl1e pacl1CTCKYIO l1.!leOJ1OfI1IO:
I) cApuiirtaIR NaUR» (Aryan Nations; Church of Chnstian Aryan
Nations; Church of Jesus Chnst Chnsllan; CWA) - AH_ KpynHei1waJI
OpraHI.J3<1U11S1 6eJ1b1X paCI.JCTOR. ComaHa R 1974_ 06bCllHHSleT MHoro-
'!11CJ1eHHble pacl1CTCKJ.le rpynnl1pOBlill. KOJDpble paCCMaTjJI1BaIOT npell-
CTIlRI1TeJIeW eBponei1:cKl1X HapOliOB B JaJ'leCTBe norepf!HHoro 1.J3pal1J1eBa
KOJ1eHa; pe3KO HeraTI1RHO OTI-J()CHTC.JI K eRpeSlM (06Rl1HSlSI B CUTaHI13Me)
11 '!eptfOK(UIUIM (!<aK HOCIlOC06HNM K caMOCTOHTeJJbHOMY ynpaBileHI1IO)_
95

<J>e.neparibHQe npaBlITeJlbCTBO CllJA pacueHHBaeTCH KaK CI10HI1CTCKoe OK-
K)IIl3UHOHHQe npamrreJlbCTBO, ynpaRllfieMoe l'hp3KJ1eM_ OpHeHTHp}-etCSI
Ha 1{j)IK.TIUlHCKllJf1 I1)YHJl!IMeHTaJlHJM B Ka'1eCTle nOJlI1TI1<JeCKOH UeJ1111
AH Bbl.1lBHraeT HeOOxOllHMOCTb I113rH3HIIISI BCex npe.nernBIJTeJ1ei'1: HaUl.JO-
HarJbHblX MeHbllll1HCTB H C03.illlHI1e H3 Teppl1TOpl111 nHTH cellepo-
3<1nanHblX WT3TOB 3pHHcKOro rocyIJ3PC'I1I3_ OcHOBaTeJIb AH - P",p.n
rHpHT EiaTJIep, l1lIeOJlor - .nOKTOp Y3CJ1111 CBH4rr ()'Mep II 1970) D.pyme
Jll1l1epbl: KdpJJ <J>P3HKJlI1H. J1}'H EiJM, EipJOC &ncBypr. <J>JIOH.n KOXpaH
WTIl6-KBapTlJpll H3XODHTCH II AfuIaxo. OpraHlnaUHSI 06be.nl1HHeT
500 aKTHBI1CTOII 11 OT 6 TbIC_ DO 15 TbIC_ CTOpOHHI1KOB. AH opraHl13yer
orpaOJleHI1H 6aHKOB, 113pbIBbl, yOl1ikma III T.D. B 1987 II llITaTe AltlI3XO
6oeBI1KH npoBeJ1H 5 B3pblBOB, npl1<JI1HI1B He3Ha<JI1TeJIbHblf1 ywep6. AH
ocymecTBJJSleT KOHTIlKTbl C npallopMHKWlbHbJMI1. Hem!>aIllPCTCKI1MW 11
XpHCTI13I-ICKO-HIlliIHCTCKHMH opraHH3<1UI.J5IMH: KY-K!1}'KC-lGlaH,
.,MI1JIl1ul1f! WT3T3 MoHTaHa", «IJ,06POl:IOJlbUbl wrdTa HeBalIa». "ropHaH
UepKOBb». «TemOHcKoe e.nHl-lCTEIQo>, EBpo:mepilKaHcKHtt COlO3, «ApHif-
CKoe 6paJcnJoo, H3UHOH3!1bHa5I COUHWlI1CTH<JeCKaH HeMeW«!H pa60'1a51
naprH5I - PI-JOCTlXIHH35I OpraHI1JIlUHH. )(pHcrnlHcKaH 11Hra J3Wl1TbL
C «HaUHetl HCJJaM3» J1YH <1Jappa'<3H3 AH opraHH3yeT 06c)'JKlleHIIIH 110-
npocu 0 HUI1JJ}"IweM cnoc06e C03.illlHHH HBYX pacoBO <JI1CTbIX rocy-
napcTII. l1ueo.Onf'{ecKHe npl1HUHnbl AH ony6.rJI1KOBaHbl II KHI1n1X:
lIil1g Our Nation». «N3lional Chromcle», «TIJe Way»;
2) "lfepHbff' IIIHIIttI'J1I>I (CWA)_ Co311aHa opraHH3arnui oceHbJO 1966
II OKfletille (KMI14JOpHI1S1)_ OcHOBaTeJlI1. XblO HblOTOH (noJIY'1I1JI 15 Jler
no 06BI1HeHI11O II yOl1ucme n01Ji1ueficKOfO). Po6epr CI1JI_ LleHTeJ1I1: qn
C'1HTaJlH ce651 «l1eTbMI1 MaJ1bKO;"fbMa "MKC"" (y6IfTOfQ nOJlI1U1-1efi 60pua
3<1 nJXI1I1l HerpOB)_ «Mbl XOTI1M 3eMJ1H. XJJe63, >Kl1JIhII. 06pa:JOB3HwH,
O.ne)l(1(bl, CnpaBe1lJIHBOCTH H MHpa. HapoL( MOJKe'T ItJMeHHTb HJIH 11I11KBIII-
Dl1pOBaTb npamrR:QbCTBO 11 COJD.fTh HOII}'IO q,opMY npaDJIeHI151. II OCHOse
KOIUpClli DOJI>KHbl Jle)l(3Tb TalGle npl1HUHnbl H 13Ka51 OPI1lHI1JIlUHH DJlIl-
CTH, KOTopble 06eCJIe4HFIaJIH 6b! HapOllY Oe.JOll3CHOCTb III ClIaCTbe"_ ljJIe-
Hbl OpraHI1JallHl1 nOCT05lHHO HOCI1JII1 npl1 ce6e Dpy)l(l1e "B uemlx cal\lO-
o6opoHbl». npellnpl1HI1MaJ111 HananeHI1H Ha 6e.rJblX aMepl1KUHUeB, J1OJJI1-
ueAcKHx_ C 1969 OpraHI1J3UHSI nOWJla Ha C01JJYDHH'JeCTBO C 6e.rJblMI1
panHKaJ13MH, npHlIllCQHSI ceGH K M3pKCtk.-r3M-11eHl.JHU3M COBMeCT1JO C
Dpym,.m 3I<.CTj)eMI1CT(""KI1MI1 nBl1>KeHtD.JMI1 npollena KOHrpecc «06beDH-
HeHHblU .ppcHl npoTHII .paIllI1JM3"_ 2 anpeJJH 1969 6bl1l 06BI1HeH
21 'JJJeH Dpl1lHI1J3LlHI1 II nQlUUl1lOKe B3PblBa Ha >KeJle3Hoi1 Hopore. no-
11I1UHH nposena KPynHoMacwT36Hble aKUHH no YHHlITO)I(eHHIO qn_ I)b!-
11111 y5HTbl 28 11l111epOIJ, COTHIII pllOBbiX 'JJIeHOIJ apecrolJ3Hbl;
3) "KflXi> (Kac11. Kahanc Chai; MJpal1Jlb) rpynm.JpoBKa. C0311aHHa5I
panHKaJlbHblM aMepl1K3HCKI1M p3BBI.JHOM Mel1poM KaxllHe; BnOCJJenCT-
111111 1J0JfJlaRl1eHa Mocct:! LlasIHOM_ DOF!OlX)lreTdHllle «Kahane Cha!" 03-
Ha'JaeT «:iKltJHW KaxaHe» (OCHOBaHa CblHOM MeI1JX1 Ka."lHe I)HHbJlMW-
HOM llOCJJe yDHHL,Ba ero OTua B CWA)_ UeJ1b: BOCCTdHOBJIeHHe 6116-
95

neACKoro rocynapcTBa - l'hpaID!b: «Hawa KOHe'IHaH UeJ1b - H3rHaTb
apa60B 113 3eMJ[H l1JpaH!1bCKOL_ Mbl XOTHM, lIT06bl n(YlI!lfTeQbCTBQ
C.LLeJl3JI0 IIIX >KI1JHb HeBblHocl1MOfL _ ECJ1111 3TO lie nON:OJKeT, Mbl HaMepe-
Hbl npHJII<ITb npamffeJ1bCTFIO opraHIII30BaTb eRpef1cKylO TeppopIfCTH'le-
CK)'IO rpynny, KOTOpaH 6oMOOMI1 11 fJ)aHanlMI1 6ynCT y5HBaTb apa60B"_
Ka.\aHe TBepnO npl1nep>KI1BaJ1CH npl1HUl1nOB liaCID!bCTBeHHOH 60PWbL
C 1970 no 1980 KaxaHe apecTOBblBaJlCH 62 pa3a, ero nOMOillHHK.ilasI1i -
28 pa3. TaK, KaXIlHe 6bLJI npl1TOBopeH K 3 MecHuaM TlOpbMbl 33 nOrrblT-
K)'}'H1N1O)I(HTh Me'leTb Arrb-AKC3_ B 11ep}'Ca.fII1Me 6oeBI1KI1 KaxaHe YCT-
poHJIH nOIJ)()M B nOn'II1HeHHOH MOCKOBCKOli f"I.:11pHapoIPH npaBOCJJaB-
HOi1 uepKBH_ TeppopilCThl VIlX'JKa/JH Hanao:eHHHMI1 Ha apa60B, mVle-
CTHHueB 11 113paID!bCKI1X lII1HOBHI1KOB. B3JL!111 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 33 lie-
CKOJ1bKO BOOpy>KeHH),IX HamilleHI1t1 Ha llWJecTHHLleB C 33nao:Horo 6epera
peKH l10pnaH (4 lIe.OBeKa y6J.ITbI H 2 paHeHb!), a T3lOKe aKTHBHO BbI-
cTynam B nOlUlep)KKY 13ap)1{C1. fOJ1bl!wTei1Ha, y5HBwero B Me'1eTlil Arrb-
116paxHMI1 HeCKO:JbKO neCJ.lTKOF1 MO;lJlWI1XCSI apa60B- fJJaIlHb!e C!{JIbl
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flX_ (J)I1HaHClI)JDBaHl1e nOJl)"lalOT OT eBpeHCKOH lUlaCrrOpbJ B CWA 11
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pe1IlIlIOJflblX Ko"uenwdi. Hoo6xonl1MO nOll'JCpKHYlb.. liTO B 60J1bWI1HCT-
Be CJJy<laeB pe'Jb l1.fieT 0 ceJcmL1X, I1cnOJlbJ}'lOll.\HX ttppcpI1CTI1<feCKi1e
cnoc06b1 B 6opb6e nponlB CBOHX l11leHHblX npoTHBHHKOB.
 CeKmbi. B POCCl1tiCKOM HeOH3bl'1eCTBe cywecmyer 1])11
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_ I1rpcBOe, x.:lp3JCI"epHoe 1V1fl nOllPoCTKOB - }"lacTHI1KOB poJIeBblX
IIIrp no MOTltF1aM njX)113I1elleHHJ;J lhK. p_p_ TOmmeHa 11 npymx
njX)113BelleHl1ti >Kal1pa $3HD311_
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1980-x IT CTaJII1 >KeJ1aHl1e yxoua OT KllCOIIorn<recKDfO J1O[Nam:wa (KOM-
M)'HI.JC11'NeCKOro ID!III njJ<1BOC113BHOro), poeT IIII-rrepeC;l K HaponHOH K)'Jlb-
T)'pe, nOI1CK HOBblX nyreti nyxOBHoro paJBI1TI1H, YBJIe'1eHI1C MHCTHLlI1J-
MOM 11 IIGU1tei'i. Ha KOHeu 2010 r. B PocclllicKOA <benepauHI1 6bLJIO Jape-
rl.JC1pl1poBaHO 60JIee 4{1 H3LI'JeCKIfX 06bellI1HeHI1t1. peMbHaH HX lIl1CJIeH-
HOCTh C0CT3B1UleT HecKOJ1bKO COTeH_ HeOH3bl'leCKI1e coo6rnec"rB3 lIaille
OI)JOpMJ1J1IOTCJ.I KaK 06illecTlICHHble 06'bC.illJHeHI11 1l1li60 He perlk..1PI1PYIQT-
CH BOBCe_ B cpe.IlHeM HtX»I3bI'JecJ(Jfe 06WI1Hbl COCTOHT 113 10-15 lIeJ10BeK
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xellbl CTtL111 nOflB11TbCH B pi13..111I.JHblX TepPopIilCTH'IOCK!1X OpraHI1JaUI1HX
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1111. EiocHI1I1. KOCOBO, "'le>iHI1, TaIDKJ.lKHCTaHa. B 1988 fieH J1a.rreH HJ
101

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I.JIIICJleHHble npennpl1f1TI1, neJJaeT (u-JBeCTI1I.1(1t1 B npOMhlWJ[eHHOCTb,
nOpO)KHoe CTpOIrreJ1hCTBO, 6aHKOBCKoe neJIO, 3KcnDpTHO-I1MnoprHble
onepaUl111 t1 Tn. npennplllUI1f1 npI1HOCT eMY 1l0'dUl F! neCHTKI1 }'iW1-
1I110HOB nOJlJ1apoB, I.JTO n03BOJIHeT COllep)l(,lTb 3HaI.JI1TeJlhHble KOHTI1H-
reHTbl TeppopItcTOEI.B Mae 1996 nOll ,QaBJ1eHl-1eM CWA npaBlITeJIbCTBO
CynaHa BblHynW10 6tH JlaaeHa nOKI1Hyrb CTpIlHY. C :uoro BpeMeHI1 OH
IIHOF!b 06ocHOBa)1C)] B Aq:.raHI1CTaHe A.r1b-Kaf1JIa pacCl\l<IT))IlIJaeT oce
np(l!1C'I:QDJIWHe Ha EiJII1>KHeM BOCTQKe KOH<tmI1KTb1 KaK 6oph6y npaBO-
BepHblX M)'cyJlhMaH, C 011H0l1 CTOpoHhI, H epe111KOB 11 6e36mKHI1KOB - C
npyroi1 K BparaM I1CJJaMa O1HOCTC KaK YMepeHHhle 11CJ1i1MCKJ1e pc-
>Kl1Mbl (CaynoBcKlliI ApaBl-rn H T_n.), TIlK 11 ClUA. npl1cyrcrBHe BOliCK
ClUA B CllynoBCKoi1 ApaBl111 KBa.rIHq:.I1WipyeTc JlaueHoM KaK HOBbl11
KjJeCTOBblt1 noxOll xpIfCTIf3HCKOro 33nar:w. npufHB tyeyJlbMIlHCKOro
BOCTOKa, KaK oKKynalllUi CNlTblX MecT, 'no HBJIeTC lWfJOJlHI1TeJJbHblM
I1CTQ'IHHKOM aHTl1llMepl1KaHCKI1X HacTpOeHI1t1. CnyCT neCUb JleT nOCJIe
4>oPMl1pOBUHI1 Aru,-KaHlra. B c1JeBpalle 1998. 6tH JlaueH ofuJJBWI 0
i}lOpMI1)JOIXIHHH 06DellI1HeHHoi1 opr3HHJaUHI1 I1CJ1aMCKI1X TCJIPOPIICfOB -
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ue!}» Y'IpemrreIUIMIil I]JpcHTa CTa!lI1 TaJvKe 3uw1UlPIil (A.r1b-,O)xHXM.;
Emner), PI1I]JaH AxMau Taxa (raMaa). HeKoropbIe naKHCT.:IHCKHe Jll11le-
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«JJJYpa» (COBeT) BO maBe C JlrureHOM, OC)'IllecTBJ1f1JOUk"UJ pyKOBOIlCTBO B
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JlaaeHa CTpeMI1TCH ocywecnlJlfITb reppopl1CTHl.JeCKHe onepauHH npOTHB
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BaTb Ha npaBHTeJlbCTI!a crpaH nepCI1llCKoro 3aJJI1Ba C UeJlblO JaCTaBHTb
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pHCTH'leCKOA neHTenLHOCTH OpraHI1J3UHH: nOMOlllb "I}'CYJILM3HCKI1M
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102

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HOM, OllHI1M 1113 IJJaBHblX J.I.lleOJIOroB can':lItm:wa (nOHHMaHHII l1CJ1aMa B
TOM BI{1le, Kal< nOHI1Ma. ero npopoK). 14 DeKa6pll 1987. S!CI1H npollo:.l-
maCHJI, <ero «J1lO6oro eBpell MO>KHQ C'IHTIITh BoeHHblM nocelleHueM, H
Hawa 061133HHOCTb - }'6HTb ero». <ero eHl1e ocei1 nWleCTHHbl
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nei1CTBoBaBwl1x B ceKTope ra3a. o!pI1W:la,lbHO 3aperl1C1pl1poBaHHbIX KaK
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rerl1l1 11 TaKTI1KI1 60pWbl. I1Meer nOJII1TI1'!ecK)'IO (Jler3J1bHaII) 11 ooeH-
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llWHaUl1lO B M"tCllI1aGax Bce opraHI13aUHH. 3HIl<JI:ITellbH}'1O aKTHBHOCTb
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lIepOB OlIHOro 1113 COCTIlBJ1I1JOW1'''- opraH}l3aUHIO KpblJlbeB. B 1991 ape-
CTOBaH 11 OC}'Jt\lreH S!CI.JH, OpraHI13aUl11O B03rnaBJ.IJI Ha3HaqeHHblA }1M
Myca A6y Map3YK (>KI1BWlllti C 1974 B CWA). Map3YK np(tJen peopra-
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orCTaJ.Ilk11OUll1X CBeTCKI1j;! nyrb pa3BHTHSI; apa60B, CarpYlIHIIII.lalOilll1X C
M3pIlHJIeM. KOHe<IHaII UeJ1b XAMAC - YHH<J1O)I(eHl1e M3p1lHJIfl. UeJII1
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TaW1 Kdpolre'lbHbIX opraHoB l-1Jpal1J1. XAMAC Bep6yer 6oeBI1KOB B
YHI1Bepcl1TeTaX, WKOJ1ax. MC'leTIlX. 6JJarurnopmenbHblx Y'lpe)l(!lemrnx.
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llbl - 310, KaK npaBHJlO. MOII01IbIe JllOlIl1 B B03pacre 18-27 Jler, 113
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103

nCTOO no npoBeJleHHto 60eBblMH aKllI.JHMI1 npl1HH.. MOx:JMMen D,I.J (B
CBOIO O'1epenb 3aXBa'leH 9 Mapra 1996 B XOlle onepaUl.J11 no YHI1'1TmKe-
HHIO p)'KODOlICTM repPopItcl1I'1CCKI.JX opraHH3aul.J, npeDJIpl1HHTOR no-
CJle BJpblBOB B Maple 1996, ocyweCTBJ1eHHblX B Ka'leCTBt MeCTIt 3a
CMepTb AWj.Jwa) .nl{J1epbl 8 raJe: A6.ue,1h-AJI13 ap-PaHn1CJ.l, ra31.J aJIb-
JbKa6al111 MaxMYn aJ-:hx.:1p. XAMAC B3.1Lf10 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3<1 B3PblB
B l1epyca.rll11Me aBTo6yca 19 MIDI 995, nOCJIe 'Iero npOj.JBI.J.IJO ce6H TOJIbKO
nocne y6l1itcTIn AHHwa, npOBelUl aKUl111 803Me11l1.JH: W1XIw.aMH 830-
plJaHbl aBTo6ycbl 3 MapTII 1996 (18 y611Tb1X), 4 Mapra 1996 (7 y61lTbIx),
25 HOH6pH 1996 (25 }'ti11TblX., 45 paHeHblx). 2 B3pbllk1 npOBelleHbI 4 ceH-
TH6pH 1997 Ha O1lHOR 113 neUJe\"Q1U-IblX YJII1U l1epycalJl1Ma (8 y6I1TblX,
170 patieHblx). DOJ1roe BpeMli npOTHBOpe'1l151 coon 6bUll1 HacTOJIbKO
Cl1JJbHbl. 1ffi) XAMAC 3<1HBI1.fIO 0 HaMepeHHH y61ITb Apaqxn1l. B 1990-e fr.
OJKa3a'lOCb or 3TOro l1.f]aHa. 6JJaroilllpH 'IeMY CTIUI BOJMO)KeH nl1aJIor
oon - XAMAC. nOJJKe Me HI1MI1 6bUlO nOCTltrHyro nepeMHpHe:
nae OpraHI13aLlI.JI1 B3ID1I1 B3aHMHble 06H3aTCJJbCTBa He YHI1'1TO;KaTb 'lJIe-
HOB H CTOpOHHI1KOB conepHH'IaJOwei1 rpynnHpOBKI1. XAMAC CTpeMI11-
CH }"IDCTBOrnlTb B neHTeJ\bHOCTI1 nanCCll1HCKOA HaUI10HWlbHOM aLlMI1-
HHCTpdUHI1 (nHA). C011li1HHOH 6JJarollapfJ MI1pl10MY COmallJeHl11O oon
11 J1JpaHJIH B 1993. npl1 3TOM CTapaH nl1CTaHUl1pOBaTbCH or nHA,
TaK KaK no HOCTOfJWero BpeMeHI1 He npl13HaeT l1.f]aH8 MI1PHOrO ypery-
Jll1pcBaHI15I. <):JI1HaHCl1pOBaHl1e OC\IwecTBJIJleTUJ CO CTOpOHbl I1paHa.
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Cll1A 11 EBpone CTOpOHHI1KOB.
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TeppOpIlCT1f'J\XKI1X opraHI1.J3UI1. KaK"
I> /fplyn u,qaU ne)'MII (HaUHOHaJIbHIDI BOOp)'>KeHHIDI opraHl13aUIUI) -
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CTI1Hbl, C0311aHHM B. )Ka6anmCKl1M. I)bUla pacnyweHa aHrJ1I1iicKI1},illl
8I1acTHMI1. Ee <lJ1eHbl BOillJlH B C03JlaHH)'1O 8 1920 OpraHI133Ul1lO X1.r31-ID
(BooP}')KeHHaH cl1JJa eBpeRcKoH o60poHbl). B CBH311 C BOJHI1KWHMI1
paJHOmllCI15IMI1 CTOpOHHI1Kl1 .>Ka60TItHCKoro (KOTOpbIH 6blJ1 BbIH}')KJleH
nOKI1Hyrb crpaHY) OTneJ1HJ1I11Cb, opraHHJOBaB co6cTIJeHHYIO opraHI.JJa-
Ul.Jto XaraHa 6eT. nepeHMeHOlk1HHYlO nOJ.!lHee B XaraHa JleyMI1. I1JIH
111111 OpraHI13aUI1H BeJla no 1939 -rePPCPhCTIl'lecK)'JO BOAH)' npOTHB
6p11T3HCM>rO nepc:otlMa B naJIeCTI1He. CHa'l3JIa elO PYKOBOlll1Jl11 Mel1p
I>epJII1H 11 H3pal1Jlb KOKax, C 1942 - MeHaxeM MHH. K HUJI npl1MK-
Hyna M0J101le)((HafJ OpraHl1JaW1!1 «6trap» C Cepelll1Hbl 194O-x rr eBpeH
paJl!SOblmJKJT nHBepcI10HHO-TCl1J(Ipl1ClWlect.."}'IO 80MHY npoTl.JB aHrJ1l1A-
CKOW UpMl1l1 11 KOJIOHl1aJIbHblX 8I1acre. rpe6yH HeJaBI1CI1MOCTH. B 1944
npoBollHT B3PblBbl B 3MHrpaUl10HHblX Bell()),1CTBaX l1epYCaJIl.JMa, XaHt(Ju.
TeJ1b-ABHmJ (IJ!eBP3JIb). B CJ1ellCTBeHHbIX nenapraMeHTIlX JI$Pbl 11 XaH-
104

4Jbl (MapT), JaXBaThlBaKJT palll1OCTaHUl1JO II PaJ.1a.fI.fJaxe (anpeJlh). npell-
npl1HI1MalO£ OOi-."}'IlJeHl1e H8 6pl1TaHCKoro BOeHHOrO KOMI1CCapa naJie-
CTI1Hbl rapOJ1b11a MaK-MatlK/l3 (3B1)'CT), C 4 OKTflOpfi 1945 p31l110 ..ro-
JlOC l'bp3HJIHj) Ha<JaJlO nponaraHlIl1CTcKYIO K3MIW.HI.JIO II nOllilep)l(J(Y
BOop}')KeHHO Gopb6b! npOTl1B aHr.'lldtcKo apMl1111. EBpeikKl1e 60<:BI1KI1
MIfHl1pyJOT Ka4Je. OTeJlI1, aBToMo6K!1I1. PeJyJlbTaTOM TaKOH neflTeJlbHO-
CTIf, npollOJ1>K3BweiicSl no HOH6pH 1947. cra.na m6eJ1b 147 6pI1TaHCI<Jt\':
CQJI1l3T. EioeBI1KIlMI1 11LU1 21 I1JOJI.!I 1946 6bUl opraHIf30BIlH B3pbIB B
OTeJ1e ..Uapb 11al1l111->. T.lIe I-i3X<Iml'laCb WTaO-KBaprl1pa III Y'1pelKlleHJ.1H
MaH1lIlTopl1f1. npl1 B3PblBe norl16JIO 200 <JeJlOBeK. I MapTa 1947 11LU1
opr.u-Ill3}'eT HanaaeHl1e Ha 04>l1uepcKJ.IA K/ly6 B l1epycaJll1Me. npl1 3TOM
yOliiTO 11 paHeHo OKOJlO 80 <JeJ10BeK B Mapre 1947 IIJOpBaHO JlliIHl.Je
MmUmTOpI1H. B 3npeJ1e 1948 I1pOIIQIDITCJI B3pbIBbl OTe..eH B Mepyca.IfMe
11 Te6pI1Je TepPopllC111<JecKl1e aKUl11.J npellnpHHI1MW1I1Cb TalOKl: npOTHII
1-\']XOIlHI.IlI1XCH 33 npelleJI3MI1 rl.:IJIeCTltHhl aHr.'lIf'13H. K3KI1M-JlI160 06p3-
30M neflCT6yl')llUlx npoTl1l1 OpraHI1J.aUHI1 ellpeticKOfo rocynapCTBa. Te-
pllKTbl cOBepruaJIl1Cb, K3K npaBI1JIO, C nOMOll!blO 6oM6-nocblJ1oK 1f3 paJ-
HblX C1JXIH II 1947-1948 nOCblJ1KI1 6blJ111 OmpaDJ1eHbl A. rpl1HIlY.llY.
K 3rrJlI.J. C. Kpl1nncy, 3. Cnl1pcy 11 D.P. Teppop ocyweCTB!1JJJ1CH I.J
npoTl1B apa60B. B 1939 Helille Mpl1 11 JlKOB YCTaHOIlI1JJI1 Ha 6a3ape CHa-
PHll, Ha<JI1HeHHblti 6oJJraMI.J. IIJpblB KOToporo 1I1.lJBaJJ MHoro'1I1CJieHHble
>KeprBbl. 31 D.eKaOpH 1947 - B3ph!B II apa6cKoM KBaprrule JI$PbL 4 JlH-
B3pH 1948 - 113p1.1B II JJIaHI1I1 reHepW1bHoro WT"&. Apa6cKoro HaUHO-
HarIbHoro KOMI1Tera. 8 anpeJISI 1948 npotlC1ID.lll1T \IOCCOBOe y5l1ttCTRQ
apa60B B n. llei1p-JlcCI.JH OTpHllaMI1 I1LU1I1 <fWmepH» (350 >Keprn). Py-
KOBOlll1JJ1II M DeCUH, H l11oMup. B 1948 ObLIIIII npOBelIeHh! TepaKUI1If:
7 neKIl6pH - B3pb!B H3 p1.lHKe B Xaj.jq:.e; II neKa6pH - B3pbIB a(YI6cKH.1I
atIT06ycol1 B XuI4Je. l-1epycaJll1Me (}'tiI1T1.1 2 apa6a) 12 neKaGp>J 1948 -
B3PblBbl B Xaj.jq:.e. Tl1pe, rme, Xe6poHe (Macca >KeprB), 13 D.exa6pJl
1948 - B3Pblllbl aBT06ycoB (16 qeJlOBeK yOlITb!. 67 paHeHbl), 15 nexa6pH
1948 - Cepl1H HanaaeHI1H. C 1%2 113jJ<11-1J1bCKllltI TeppOpIt3M npl1oopera-
eT HOBoe HanpaDJ1eHl1e. 3alla<Ja - 3anyraTb JanrulHoeBponei1CKItX I.JH-
>KeHepOIl, cOTpynHI1'13JOI.llI1X C apa6cKJ.IMI1 C1JXIHaMI1. JaCTIlIIHT1. I1X 01-
i-."'l:nncJJ OT KOH1]JIlKTOB. B paMKaX 3TOA onepaUI1H 6bUl y61IT MI1JrnI-1Jl
Kxaypl1, npennpl1HSlTbi Heyna<JHble nOK)'WeHHSI Ha rlaYJ1S1 repKe H
Bo.%q:.raHra rlll'lhUIl. nOXl1weHbl Y'leHble. COrJIllCHBWl1eCSI pa60TaTb Ha
erl1nCTCKI1X npCnnpllm1tJlX;
2) llpranikJ«m per:ny/i.mJaata OjJMUH - HPA. Be.lleT P01lOCJi0B-
HYIO 01 I1pJJiu{1IcKoi1 rp3)KIl!1HCKOi1 apMl111 1lJK. KOHHOJII1 I.J ..HaUl1o-
HaJlbHblX BOJ10 (IIO<:HHOA OpraHI1JaUl11.J npl1 IW.pTHI1 WI1H
<J>ei1H, OCHOBaHHOH II 1905). I1PA - BOeHHaH OpraHI1J.aUI1H WI1H
<J>ei1H, HOCHT :lTO Ha:m.1Hl1e C 1919, KOrlta <fMpJlaJ-illCKHe BOJIOHTepbl"
6b!!1lf n01l<JI1HeHbl BOeHHOMY MI1HHCrpy I1p1TaH1ll1l11. B 1917-1920 I1PA
BeJ1a naprHJaHCKJ.Ie neilCTBWI npoTHB aHrJlI1<JaH Ha reppl1TOpHI1 MpJlaH-
105

nl1l1: nplUlpl1Hmm H"naueHIHI H" Ka3apMbl, 3aXB<lThIBaila Op}')IU1t.
B 1919-1920 nOJ1111W1Sl BblH}')KlleHa 6bl11a nOli HaTHCKOM HPA COCpellO-
TO'1I1TbC B KPynHblx HaceJIeHHblX nYHKTax. B HO'Ib C 4 H8 5 anpen
1920 )IIPA npellnpl1H.Il.fJa Onepalll1l0 no YHI.J'1TO)KeHI1IO B 32 rpaq,cTBax
153 HWlorOBb!X )"lpc;.xneHl1ii; KOHCU anpeJUI - COBepllltHbl 182 Harm-
neHI.JH Ha nOJII1UCHcKHe )"mCTKI1; 14 Mall 1920 CQ>lCKeHbl 70 Ka33pM;
I1tonb 1920 - JaXBaT npaBI1TeJIbCTBeHHOH nO'JTbl M KOJ1Jll1H3 no.n.ro-
TOBHn 11 opWHI130BaJ1 aKUl111 no ytil.J'ffO)KCHI1IO aHrJlI1iicKI1X llInl10HOB
21 HOH6pH 1920. EoeBI1KI1 fOTOBl1JI1.J noxyweHI1H H" YI1HCTOHa "'lep'll1JI-
JlH 11 Ll3BI1.ffiI JlJIOHD. J])KoPJl)Ka. HO 6b1JlI1 CXBa'-leHbl. nOCJle nonrll1CaHI1H
aHrnO-l1pJIaHllCMJro .n.orolJopa 6 lleKa6p 1921. npeAOCTatlHBWerO Hp-
JJaH1lHI.J npaB<l nOMI1HI.JOHa 11 paCKo.OBwefO crpaHY. PaIlHKaJlbHb!e pec-
ny6JII1KaHUbl )IIPA BO rJlaBe C O'KOHHOPOM I1pOlI.OIUIGUOT 6opb6y.
B 1922 HPA Bb!C1)'IT11JI3 np0111B OT.neneHI1H OnbCTepa OT )IIp.rraHllHI1 H
pa3I!H3aJIa ooeHHble neHCTBl1JJ nJXITHB npaBHTeQbCTB EpIfT.:IH1111 H 3Hpe.
Jlero 1922 - y6HiiCTBO Bl1J1bCOHa, BoeHHoro COBeTHI1Ka B )IIPJI"H1lHI1
B 1922 6pHTaHCKoe 11 I.JpnaH1lCKGe npaBI1Tt:J1bCTBa nO.illlBl1Jl11 JlBIVKeHl1e.
Jll1llepbl - O'KOHHOp 11 Menno)'3 - pacc1peJlJIHb!. B 1923-1932 HPA
B nonnOJII.e. B 1930-e rr. npennpHHHMaeT Hanru:reHI1JJ HIl nOJIl1uciiCKl1e
H cyne6Hble Y'1pe)!()1CHIIIH. 6oran!x HpJlaHllueB non n03YHfOM 6opb6b1 3<1
pecny6jJ11KY. B 1935-1936 )IIPA npoBOlUIT 83PblBHYIO KaMnaH1110 11pO-
THB 11IMQ;t(l'HHbIX nOCTOB 11 nOJlI1ueACKI1X )"lacTKOB, HaxOlUlllil'lXCH Ha
OJIbCTepcKOA rpllHHue. B 1936 o6hIrBJleHIl BHe 3<lKOHa, nOBOnOM l.JeMY
nOCJ1)')KI.{]]O y6HHCTBO B rpa$CTBe KopK BHue-a11Mlipa1l3 r. CoMMepBllIIJI.
cOBepllleHHOI': 6oeBHKOM HPA. C 1954 Ha6JllOnaercH HOBbltt nOnbeM' B
1954-1955 npennpl1HHMalOTCH OTnenbHble aKUl111 (HanaueHI1H Ha BOeH-
Hble K.:l3aplllbl B Ap6op$I1JlJle (AHrJII1H) B 1955 11 np.). B 1955 nBIl neny-
TaTa napHaMeHTa OT WI1H CDeAH 6bUll1 apecToBIlHbl H nl1ll1eHb! Ilapila-
MeHTCKIIIX MillU1:ITOB 3a HanaaeHllle Ha BOeHHbltt CKllau. CoLlI.J3J1bHlliI
6aJa npoTeCTa - pa60'!lIIe. peMeCJ1eHHHKIII. HHTeJlJIHreHUHH. CJ1)1)K3.WHe.
631pIlKH. B 1957 aHfJll1iicKHe BIIacm npoBeJlI1 MOCCOBbie apeCTbl. npe-
Kp3TIll1OCh KaMnaHI1H TePPC{la B 1959, 0 '-leM Ot}>HUHaJlbHO 6bl11o 3lliIB-
JleHO B 4>eB)J<"Ule 1%2. B 1950-x fr. B OTJlI1l.JJ.le OT 1939 rpIDK.!l3HCKGe
HaCe;'leHl1e. BoeHHOCJ1)1)K3.UlHe J.I nOJ1I1UH Hp;taHllI1I1 He nonFiepraill1Cb
HanaaeHI1JJM C 1%2 PYKOBOllCTOO )IIPA nepeopJleHTHpOBMOCb Ha Mac-
COByJO neHTeJIhHOCTb. B I1IOHe-HlOJIe 1969 IlpOH301llJl11 ynl1l.JHble CTOJlK-
HOBeHI1S1 Me)!(J1y KaTQJ1HKaMH 11 IlpOTCCT3HTIIMH B Lleppl1 H EempaCTe.
D.JHI npenornpaweHI1JJ KpooonpoJlI1THSI npaffilTellbCTF!O CoellHHeHHoro
KOpo.eBCTI:'" B aBTyCTe 1%9 BBe.O B CClJepHYIO )IIpJIaHilHIO apMetiCKI1e
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npHCVTCllJJle apMHI1 B OJlbCTepe. HO B CKOpOM BpeMeHIII apMI1H 6bUla
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nOllllepfHyrbl mallHblM 06paJOM KaTo.I1K11. 33<J:8CTy1O 6e3 C06J1lOneHI1S1
106

i!>oPMaJIbHblX npcuenyp. B 1970 MPA pacKaJIblBaeTCH Ha HBe OIJruHI1Ja-
UliIII: TaK Ha3b111aeMYlO «OrpHUHaJIbH}'1O HPA» III «BpeMeHH}'1O MPA»
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JlI1H II nOill1n:l'ieCKO 60pl>6e. «ClqJl1L11'lailbHUH MPA" npcllnOJlUnUIU I1C-
nC\J1b30BaHl1e op}')Killl TC\J1bKO II UeJlHX ca:IO06opoHbl. «BpeMeHHaH HPA»
OpHeHTlilpOBaJI&:b Ha BelleHl1e aKTHBHOA TCpPOPIICTH<JecxoH neH"feilbHG-
CTH, II TOM 'iI1CJ1e Ha TeppIn()pIIII1 AHrl11111;
3) OnpaHa 6aCK06 U C60000W> (3TA) «Euskadi ta oskotasumu»
(ETA) (lkrtUllUR). Bo3HI1K.T1a B 1959 r. B pe3YJlbTIl"fe JX]CKOIIa «!,acKcKoH
HaUHOHaJlI1CfI1'ieCKOA napTHI1». B 1%7 r. 3TA c$I1UHW1bHO 3IDIBHmI 0
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«CrpaHbl 6aCKOB» B COCTaBe 'ierblpeX I1CnUHCKHX I.J Tpex IJIJX]HuyJCKliX
npoBl1Hw1ii, H&:eJleHHblX 6acKaMI1, C I1CnC\J1b30BaHl1eM HaCl1JIbCTBCH-
HblX MeTOllOB 60pb6bl. B 1974 3TA pacKOJIOIIaCb Ha JIBe IJlpaKUHI1 -
3TA ooeHHO-nOJlI1TI1'1eCKrnJ 11 3TA BoeHHlliI. 60llee aKTHBHaII 3TA
BOeHHaII, Korop.»I I1Meer 'ierKYIO opruHl1:.laUHOHHYIO cTJJYKTYPY: KIUK!lall
npoBI1HUI1.II nOlle_eHa Ha HBe 3OHbl, B KoropbIX Ha'l{QlIJI1UI no 5-6 BOO-
p}')KeHHblX rpynn 'JI1CJ1eHHOCTblO no 3-5 '1enooeK.. HMeer rpynnbl nQ!1-
nepJKKll BO (])paHUHI.J (opruHI1JaUHH «Me)KJ1)' 6pmbHMI1»). OcHoBHble
MeTO!lbl ne>rrenbHOCHI - y6l1ikma, B rJepBYlO O'iepe!lb npellCTIlBIrreneH
npaBIITCilbCTBa 11 cneUCJIY..K6 MCmIHI1I1; nOXHlliCHI1H nOJ1I1TH'ieCKJ.IX
neHTeJ\eii; opruHI1JaUHH BJpbJBOB 11 3KcnponpHawm CpeJ1CTB. B 1991
"l.fIeHbl 3TA COBepwaJIl.J HllnllileHI1JJ Ha 06'beKTbJ l)'p1tCTI1'ieCKOA 11H11Y-
CTjJI1I1 Mcn3HI.JI.J. OpraHI.J3<1U1.JH HanpaBl-lJ1a oco6oe nOCllaHllle TYpl1cm-
l,(eCKl1M arel-rrCTBaM EBponbI, 'IT06bl npe.uynpelll1Tb TYpl.JCTOB 06 on&:-
HOCTI1 nyrerneCTBl1ii B CTpaHY. C MIDI no aBJYCf 1991 I1Cn3HCKHe KOH-
C)lJlbCTBa, K)'pOp1bJ Ha n06epe>K:be, 6aHKI1, l)'PltC"fWlecKl1e 61Opo, a1l113-
K'tCCN, "IY)JIiCTII<JecKHe aN nOllllepra.rrI.JCb HananeHI1HM 6QJJee ne-
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3TA II HTa.rr11111 I.J repMaHI.JH. 'ClJ:'eHa 6acKoB III cB06011bl>> n01lllep:>!(111-
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PACD (C1>Pr), rPArlO (McnaHI.JH), «BpeMeHHoH MP::JaHllCKo!1 pecJl)ti-
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3TA Be I(al( npaJlOoxpaHI.JTe.JIbHble opraHbI McnaHlII1.J III (])paHuHIII
(B 1991 6bUlO apeCTOBaHO no 40 "l.fIeHOB opraHI1JaLll111 II l\IDKI1Oii crpa-
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CBbIwe 201,(e.JIOBeK, nOll03peB.1eMbIX B <JlIeHCTBe 1-11111 I1ODJlep)!(Ke 3TA);
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Edam; Il/pll--J/tmIm) - TOT3. OpraHI1JaUlUI BOJHHK.T1a B 1976 B OTBeT
Ha YCl1JIeHl1e nl1CKPHMI.JHilUHI1 co CTOpoHbl CI1HnUlbCKoro 60J1bWI1HCfBa.
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ro rocy.aapcma. .nl.J11ep TOT3 - BeJlynl1Jl_al1 rlpa6paH, MeOllor-
B. I>xIilCI1HraM C 1983 opraHI1J.aUI11 Beller 6oeBYlO D.elTeJIbHOCTb npo-
107

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MI1WeHblO TeppoplilCTOB CTaHOBTCH npeD.CTaBI1TCJII.J MMI1HI1CTpaUl111 B
CeJibCKOH MfC1liOCTII, a TdlCKe nOJ1I1TI1'1tCKl1e 11 BOeHHbJC JJl1IJepbl C1]Ja-
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paTH (990). PtlIDKl1B raH1lH (1991). !1plei1cKHt1 reHeplU1lleH311JJ Ko6-
6aKanyBa (1992). r.naBHbJ BHue-auMl1pa;] KnaHCI1 Q)epHaH1LO (1992). B
1993 B3PblBOM 6oM6bl y6I1T npc:mlICHT WpH-lIaHKI1 PaHOCI1Hrxc npe-
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6bU111 paHee cym:lMbl TaKHM 06paJOM. 6oJIbwl1HCTBO ocY)l(1leHHblx 38
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npHRJ1eJaJIOTCH K yr0J10BHOH OTBe1CTBeHHOCTH no naHHblM
IO.M. AHroHHHa, caM 4J<1KT nOnllik1HI1H B TIOpbt.I}' He JlRJ1J1eTCJI lUIJi
TCppOpHCTIJ «npecTlLKHbIM", He BXonHT B CI1CTtMY ern ueHHocrei1.
Ba)l(HblM npellCTIJIJJHleTCH TOT 4J<1KT, '1TO cpelIlil ocy>KD.eHHblX 3a Teppo-
))IJC1lI'leCKl.Je npeCT)'l1JIeH(JH 60JIbllJe nOCOOHIIIKOB (1 HCnQJ1H(1TeJ!ej;! 11
MeHbwe opraHluaropC)B. OrJl(J'II1TeJ1bHbIM MOMeHTOM TeppOplfCTIwe-
CKHX npeC1)'l1JJeHI1i1 JlRJ1S1eTCH TO, 'J10 OHI1 COBepllJIlJOTCH. KaK np3Bl1J1o.
lJIynnoj;! JlI1U, MHOrlile TtppOp!.ICThI ca).J(J npl1JHalOT ce6H noc06HI1KaM(J
IIII.JCnOJIHI.JTeJHlMI.J 1 .
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llalOT ypoJKeHUbl CellepHoro KaBl(a3a '1e'leHUbl - 32%, oceTI.JHbl - 20,
I1HryIlIl1 - 27, PyccKHe - 9. npyme - 12%. C1).:lbIM(1 8KTHBHblMI1 cpe-
1 npupoda 3TI10pe!1l1ntOOHOI"O  I nOlI pelIaKlllteii IO.M AHTOH>lHa M..
Acnen-npecc, 2008
124

nl1 TeppopI.JCTI.J'leCKI.JX OpraHI1JlIUI1. neCTII}'IOUUIX HlI Teppl1TOpI1l1 HlI-
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6blJll1 XOJIOCTbl (He 3a'll}f"MM); 41% - )((eHarbl (3JMyMM)
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CTIllJeCKHX onepaul.JR 3To IOJKeT 6bITb l.JeJlOBeK, npo)l(HBalOillHj.j B
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KjJeTHYJO onepaUHIO 113 mnaca BbI6Hp..1IOTCH Heo6xQllI.JMbie JlIOllI1 11
npl1BJ1eKaIOTCH K nonrOToBKe 11 npOBeneHl11O Teppopl1CTH'IecKOro aKrn.
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4>113I1lJeCKOM I1JIaHenI01lH.
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nOC06HH1.JeCTBO reppopl1CTIlM 6011bwoe I.JI1CJ10 nl1U, HHrne He pa6oTIuo-
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125

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126

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127

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144

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41 COOTHIJWeHI1epaJIMKaJl113Ma,3KCTpeMI13MaMTeppC1pJ13M3 119
42 CncLlH<pIt'lCCKItCKa'lCCrnaJIM'IHOCTH3KCTpCMI1CTaMTCppOpItCTI1 122
4.3 CneuH'HK MOTHIJ<UlIIII JlM'IHOCTH "KCTpeI\JIICTd. TeppopllCTa 141
4.4. M0!1011e>KHblerpynnoBbleo6paJOBaHII1I3KCTpeMIICTCKol:!
II TepPOPucnrrecKOH HarrpOB.'leHHOCrn 147
4.5. TOTa.'lIlTpHbleCeKTbI KaKCyUbeKTbl "KCTpeMIIC1CKKA
MTCppopHCT11'lCCKIIXnpeC'I)'ll.f1CHl1i1
rIl8Ba 5. BblSlBneHl1e III poBaHl1e npeCTynneHI1i'i
3KCTpefo.41CTa<oiiI1IITeHanpaBIleHHOCTH 163
5.1. Bbl>lB.'leHl1enpeC1yrulct1Qri3KCTpeMII1TepPUpllC"ll1'1eJ:KOH
HOnpB!1eHHOCTH 163
5.2. .IJ.oK)'MCHTHpoBaHHen(X:C1)'IUICHl1ttTqJpOpJlCTll'lecKol:!
H3KCTpeMHcTCKoiIHanpaB!1eHHOCTIt 172
3aKnlO4eHllle 178
CnlllcoK I1HTeparypbl 179