Мозговой ражжиж. Поэзия и проза фуистов. Библиотека авангарда - Перелешин Б.М., Несмелов Б.К., Лепок Н.

С. Ӹаргородский. Мозговой ражжиж, или краткая история фуизма
$Б. Несмелов. Вступительные замечания к \$
$Б. Несмелов. Вступительные замечания к \$
Автор: Перелешин Б.М. Несмелов Б.К. Лепок Н.
Теги: русская литература художественная литература
Год: 2021
Похожие
До новой зари. (Библиотека авангарда). Стихи, статьи, воспоминания, документы
Angelus Dei. Избранное
Великий град трепангов. Собрание сочинений. Том I. Библиотека авангарда
Стихотворения. (Scriptorium)
Текст
                    ǯǶǯǹǶǼȀǳǸǮ ǮǰǮǻǱǮǾǲǮ
ȃLI
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ ǷȖȥȏȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ
ǹȖșȚ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔ ǹ ȀȈȘȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ — ǩ Ȕ Sala-
mandra P.V.V., 2021. — 242 ș Ȑȓȓ — ǩȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȈ Ǫȣȗ XLI).
ǼțȐșȚȣ ȗȘȖșțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ - ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ©ȚȐ-
ȝȐȔȐ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȐșȚȈȔȐª ǰȏȉȍȋȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǵ ǳȍ-
ȗȖȒ Ȑ Ǩ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȋȖȌȣ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȥȔ ș ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȏȈȋ-
ȓȈȊȐȧȔȐ ©ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎª ©ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔª ©ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈª șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȧ Ȑȝ ȏȈ-
ȌȐȘȐșȚȣȔȐ ȌȍȒȓȈȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ
Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȕȍșȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȚȤȧ Ȗ ©ȜȖ-
ȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝª Ǩ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ©ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘª Ǫ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ șțȌȤȉȣ ȍȍ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ
© Authors, estate, 2021
© S. Shargorodsky, șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ 1
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 21



5
ǺǼǵǱǼǰǼǷ ǾǮǴǴǶǴ ǶǹǶ
ǸǾǮȀǸǮȍ ǶǿȀǼǾǶȍ ȂȁǶǵǺǮ
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȜțȐȏȔȈ ȐșȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ - Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȌȝȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșț șȚȘȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ — ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǳȍȗȖȒ ǩȖȘȐș ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǵȈ ȗȍșȚȘȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȖȒ ©ȒȈȜȍȑȕȣȝª
ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȥșȚȘȈȌȕȣȝ ȉȈȚȈȓȐȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ -ȝ ȋȋ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ șțȔȍȓȈ
ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȉȣȋȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȖȉșȞȍȕȕȖȍ
șȖȏȊțȟȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȍ ©fou» — ȉȍȏțȔȍȞ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ, șțȔȈșȉȘȖȌ, ȠțȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ȥȒȊȐȊȈȓȍȕȚȕȖ ȦȘȖ-
ȌȐȊȖȔț1.
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȈ ȜțȐșȚȣ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȓȐ Ǫ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ-ȔȈȕȐ-
ȜȍșȚȍ Ȓ șȉȖȘȕȐȒț ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ  ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȋȖȘȌȖș-
ȚȐ Ȑ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȗȐșȈȓ
ʜˋ ˊˆˋ ː˃ ˓ˑ˔˔ˋˌ˔ˍˋ˘ ˠ˔˕˓˃ˇ˃˘ǡ ˒˓ˑˇ˃˅ˎˈːː˞˘ ˍˑ˒˞˕˃ˏˋ ˅˔ˈ˅ˑˊˏˑˉː˞˘ ˋˏ˃-
ˉˋːˋ˔˕ˑ˅Ǥ
ʙ˃ˏˈːː˃ˢ ˒˖˔˕˞ːˢ ˇˑ˔˕ˋ˘ˑ˅˟ˢǤ
ʗ—ˇ˅ˑˈǤ
ʐˈˊ ˗˃ˎ˟˛ˋ˅ˑˆˑ ˏ˃ːˇ˃˕˃ ː˃ ˍˑː˕˃ˍ˕ ˔ ˏˋ˓ˑˏǤ
ʐˈˊ ˅˞˅ˈ˔ˑ˚ːˑˆˑ ˃˗ˋ˛ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˔ˈ˄ˢ2.
ǹȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤȦ ȜțȐ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȜȐȓȤșȒȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȍ ȗȍȘț ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌȈ ȗȍșȚȘȐȚ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȒȈȒ ©ȒȕȐȋȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȈȧª ©ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȖª
©ȒȕȐȋȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȈȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦª Ȑ ©ȒȕȐȋȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȍȌȒȈȧ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȈțȒȞȐȖȕȖȊ-ȖȌȕȖȌȕȍȊȖȒ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓª Lucas 2020).
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȊȈ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȓ șȉȖȘȕȐȒț ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ǩȍȓȤ-
ȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ 
 Ȑ ȗȖȥȔȍ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ  ǲ șȓȖȊț
Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȜțȐșȚȣ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț, Ȋ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȍ ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ) ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȓȐ
șȊȖȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗȖȌ ȠȈȗȒȖȑ ©ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȐª
1 Ⱥ ɋɨɛɨɥɟɜ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɭ ɜɟɪɫɢɸ ©ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ —
ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɚɧɶɮɭɢɫɬɨɜ — ɡɚɧɹɬɧɨ ɡɜɭɱɚɳɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɯɚ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɭɞɥɢɜɵɟ ɤɨɪɧɢª Lucas  Ɉɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɦ ɱɬɨ
«Le Fou» — ɩɟɪɜɚɹ 
 ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ  ɤɚɪɬɚ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɚɪɤɚɧɨɜ Ɍɚɪɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɦɨɝɥɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
2 ɇ Ʌɟɩɨɤ Ȼ ɉɟɪɟɥɟɲɢɧ Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɉɨɷɦɵ Ɇ  ɋ 

6
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȜțȐȏȔȈ ȒȈȒ țȎȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ǺȖȔ-
șȒț ȋȌȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȓȐșȤ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗțȚȐ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ, ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐ-
ȕȈ Ȑ Ǩ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊȈ
Ȼ ɇɟɫɦɟɥɨɜ ɋ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɝɚɡ ©Ɂɧɚɦɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢª
ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧȔ Ǫ ǶȒțȓȖȊȈ Ȑ Ǩ ǹȖȉȖȓȍȊȈ3 ǩȖ-
ȘȐș ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȊȐȟ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓ șȣȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȧ ǺȖȔ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ țȟȐȓȐȡȈ ȗȍȌȈȋȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒțȘșȖȊ Ȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǲ Ǩ.
ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȋ  ȋ ǺȖȔșȒțȦ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐȦ ǹ Ȋȍșȕȣ  ȋ.
ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ șȚȐȝȐ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ :412 Ȑ
ȉȣȓ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕ ǵ ǿțȎȈȒȖȔ-ǵȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟȍȔ: «Ǫ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ǶȓȍȕȐȟ-ǫȕȍȕȍȕȒȖ ǩȖȘȐș ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǲȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ
ǽțȌȧȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘ ǪșȍȔ ȐȔ ȗȘȐșțȡȍ ȟțȚȤȍ ³șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ´ª ǿțȎȈȒ  Ǫ 1920
ȋȖȌț ȗȖȥȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǯȕȈȔȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȟȍȕȕȣȑ
șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ ©ǷȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȖȉțȊȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȣȓȤȦª ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ  ȓȍȚ șȗț-
șȚȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȏȣȊ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌȈ Ǫ ǺȘțȠȒȐȕȈ
ʠˑˊː˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˔˕˓ˈˏˎˈːˋˈ ˊ˃˄˞˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖ˌ˕ˋ ˎˡ˄ˑˌ ˙ˈːˑˌ ˑ˕ ˔ˑ˒˓ˋˍˑ˔ːˑ-
˅ˈːˋˢ ˔ ːˈ˒˓ˋˆˎˢˇːˑˌ ˍˑˎ˚˃ˍˑ˅˔ˍˑˌ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˖ ˓ˢˇ˃ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑ˅ Ǽʠˋ-
˄ˋ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˓˃˔˔˅ˈ˕˃ǽ ˑ˕ˊ˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˇ˖˛ˈ˅ː˞ˏ ː˃ˇˎˑˏˑˏǡ ˒˓ˑ˒ˑ˅ˈˇ˟ˡ ˒˃˔˔ˋ˅ːˑ-
˔˕ˋ ˋ ˔ˏˋ˓ˈːˋˢǡ ˍ˃ˍˑˌ-˕ˑ ˏˈ˓˕˅ˢ˜ˈˌ ˃˒˃˕ˋˈˌǡ ˒˃˓˃ˎˋ˚ˑˏ ˅ˑˎˋǤ ʡ˃ˍǡ ˍ ˒˓ˋ-
3 https://fantlab.ru/blogarticle33246; Lucas 2020.

7
ˏˈ˓˖ǡ ˔ˈˇ˟ˏˑˌ ːˑˏˈ˓ ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎ˃ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ˔˕ˋ˘ˑ˕˅ˑ˓ˈːˋˈˏ ʐˑ˓ˋ˔˃ ʜˈ˔ˏˈˎˑ-
˅˃ Ǽʞˑˍ˓˞˕˃ ˑ˄˖˅˟ ː˃˛˃ ˒˞ˎ˟ˡ ˊˈˏː˞˘ ˄ˈˊ˓˃ˇˑ˔˕ː˞˘ ˇˑ˓ˑˆǽǡ ˅ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ ˆˑ-
˅ˑ˓ˋˎˑ˔˟ ˑ ˄ˈ˔˙ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˎˡˇ˔ˍˋ˘ ˖˔ˋˎˋˌ ˋ ˄ˑ˓˟˄˞ǡ ˋ˄ˑǡ ˒ˑ ˏːˈːˋˡ ˃˅˕ˑ˓˃ǡ
˅˔ˈ ː˃˛ˋ ˔˕˓ˈˏˎˈːˋˢ ˍ ˎ˖˚˛ˈˏ˖ ːˈ ˚˕ˑ ˋːˑˈǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ Ǽˏˋ˓˃ˉǽǤ ʝ˔ːˑ˅-
ːˑˌ ˎˈˌ˕ˏˑ˕ˋ˅ ˔˕ˋ˘ˑ˕˅ˑ˓ˈːˋˢ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈː ˅ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˘ǣ Ǽʢ˔ː˖˕˟ǤǤǤ ʢ˔ː˖˕˟ǤǤǤ ʛ˞ ˕˃ˍ
˖˔˕˃ˎˋ ˋˇ˕ˋǡ ˋ˔ˍ˃˕˟ǡ ˆˑ˓ˈ˕˟ ˋ ˉˋ˕˟ǽ ȋʡ˓˖˛ˍˋː ͳͻͺͷǣͶͶͳ-ͶͶʹȌǤ
ǻȗȖȔȐȕȈȓșȧ ǩȖȘȐș ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȈȚȍȑ ǳ ǴȈȘȚȣȕȖȊȈ 
ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ș ȊȍȌțȡȐȔ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ ©ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ǲȐȚȈȧª ǨȘșȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖ-
ȊȣȔ ǴȐȚȘȖȗȖȓȤșȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǨȘșȍȕȐȑ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȈ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ 1995:228) ǵȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ
ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȏȘȖȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȝȐȔȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȐȉȘȐȌ —
«ȌȘțȋ Ǩ ǴȐȚȘȖȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ țȉȐȚȣȑ ȗȖȌ ǺȦȔȍȕȤȦ «! ȗȖȥȚ-ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ ǩȖ-
ȘȐș ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ» (ǺȘțșȖȊȈ 2000:59).
ǵȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȓțȟȠȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ
ȍȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑȏ ǺȖȔșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȗȗț-
ȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ƕ ǵȐȒȐȍȕȒȖ ǫǨǺǶ Ǽ  Ƕȗ  Ǭ  șȔ ǵȐȒȐȍȕȒȖ 
ǩȖȘȐș ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ  șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋ Ȋ
șȍȔȤȍ șȚȖȓȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ǲȈȏȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȣ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟȈ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȐ ǶșȐȗȖȊȕȣ. ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ șȍȔȤȧ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǷȖȓȚȈȊț —
ȋȌȍ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖȥȚȈ șȚȈȚșȒȐȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ  ȋ. ǲȘȈȚȒȐȑ ȒțȘș ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȤ țȘȧȌȕȐȒȖȊ țȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȎȐ ǷȖȓ-
ȚȈȊșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ (Lucas 2020).
Ǫ ȈȊȋțșȚȍ  ȋ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȊȖșȤȔȐȒȓȈșșȕȣȑ ȒțȘș ǷȖȓ-
ȚȈȊșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ Ȑ  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ  ȋ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǪȍșȕȖȑ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕ ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕțȦ șȓțȎȉț
Ǫ ȈȗȘȍȓȍ  ȋ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ Ȋ ȏȊȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǺȖȔșȒȍ Ȑ
 ȈȊȋțșȚȈ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȔȐșșȖȊȈȕ ȊȘȈȟȈȔȐ ȅȊȈȒțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȧ Ǫ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ
1918 ȋ. ȉȣȓ ȏȈȟȐșȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ǺȖȔșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
ǵȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ  ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȔ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȚȌȍȓȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ ǽȘȖȕȐȒȈ  Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț ȟȐȚȈȓ ȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȗȖ șȚȐȝȖȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȦ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ șȚțȌȐȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȓȍȚȒțȓȤȚȈ ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ 
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚȈȝ ș ȉțȌțȡȐȔȐ ȜțȐșȚȈȔȐ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȣȔ Ȑ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȔ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȐȦȕȧ  ȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ
ȚȘȐ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȐșȗțȚȍ Ȗ ȜțȚțȘȐȏȔȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ Ȋ
ǺȍȈȚȘȍ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ ǽȘȖȕȐȒȈ 
ǴȍșȧȞ șȗțșȚȧ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ©ȊȣȌȈȟȍ ȍȔț Ȋșȍȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȖȒ Ȗ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȒțȘșȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚª ǵȐȒȐȍȕȒȖ  ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȖȎȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǺȖȔșȒȍ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȈ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȈ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ  ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȐ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ș ȗȘȖȐȏ-

Ȼ ɉɟɪɟɥɟɲɢɧ Ɏɨɬ ɂ ɂɥɶɮɚ

9
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǺȐȝȖȔȐȘȖȊȈ ǲ ǴȖȓȖȚȖȊ4 ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȍȌȐ-
șȓȖȊȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ ©șȚȘȍȔȧȡȐȝșȧ ȗȘȍȓȖȔȐȚȤ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈª
Ǫ ȞȐȒȓȍ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ ©ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȋȖȌª ȌȈȊȠȍȔ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝț ȓȦ-
ȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ©ȉȐȖȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍª ȔȖȚȐȊȣ
ǲȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ șȖșȍȌȧȔȐ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧȔ
Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȕȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ
Ȕȣ — ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ — ȕȈ ǹȐȘȐțș ȗȖȍȌȍȔ
ȕȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȖȑ ǯȍȔȓȍ
ǸȍȞȍȕȏȍȕȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȠȍȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ Ǫ ȀȈȕȧȊȍȞ,
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȣȔ:
ʜ˃ˋ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˢ˓ˍˋ ˔˕ˋ˘ˋ ʐǤ ʞˈ˓ˈˎˈ˛ˋː˃Ǥ ʑ ˑ˕˓˞˅ˍˈ ˋˊ ˒ˑˠˏ˞ Ǽʝ˚˃˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˈ ʖˋ-
ˏ˞ǽ ˈ˔˕˟ ˖ˇ˃˚ː˞ˈ ˋ ˎˈˆˍˋˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˞ δǥε ˅ˑ ˅˔ˈˏ ˑ˕˓˞˅ˍˈ δǥε ˚˖˅˔˕˅˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑˠ-
˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ ˓ˈ˅ˑˎˡ˙ˋˑːː˞ˌ ˒˃˗ˑ˔Ǥ ʝː ˉˈ ˚˖˅˔˕˅˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋ ˅ ˔˕ˋ˘ˑ˕˅ˑ˓ˈːˋˋ Ǽʞˑˇ
ˏˑˎˑ˕ˑˏǽǡ ˆˇˈ ˇ˃ː˞ ˒ˑ˒˞˕ˍˋ ː˃˜˖˒˃˕˟ ˓ˋ˕ˏ ˍˑˎˎˈˍ˕ˋ˅ˋ˔˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˑ˜˖˜ˈ-
ːˋˢ ˕˓˖ˇ˃ǡ ˏ˃˛ˋːǤ ʕ˃ˎ˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˠ˕ˑ ˇ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ˑˑ˄˜ˈǤ ʗ˔ˍ˖˔˔˕˅ˑ ˇˑˎˉːˑ ˒˓ˈ˕˅ˑ˓ˢ˕˟
ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ ːˈˈ ˋ˔˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˄˞˕˟ ˋːˇˋ˅ˋˇ˖˃ˎ˟ːˑ-ˍˑː-
ˍ˓ˈ˕ː˞ˏǤ ʞ˖˔˕˟ ˃˅˕ˑ˓ ˆˎ˖˄ˉˈ ˋ ˆˎ˖˄ˉˈ ˅ˆ˓˞ˊ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ ˔˅ˑˋˏˋ
˒ˑˠ˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˏˋ ˜˖˒˃ˎ˟˙˃ˏˋǡ ˕ˑˆˇ˃ ˋˊ ːˈˈ ˋ ˄˓˞ˊːˈ˕ ˢ˓˚ˈ ˋ ˒ˎ˃ˏˈːːˈˈ ˍ˓ˑ˅˟
ˉˋ˅˞˘ ˅ˑˎː˖ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅ ȋʧ˃ːˢ˅ˈ˙ ͳͻʹʹǣͳ͸ͶȌǤ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ Ȑ Ǩ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ5 ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȣȊȈȚȤ ǴȖș-
ȒȊț ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖ
ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ǲ ǴȖȓȖȚȖȊȈ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǲȘȣȔ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȋ  ȋ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȖ-
ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ©ǫȓȈȏȈ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ-ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚȒȐª Ȑ ©ǲ ȖȘțȎȐȦ — ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȓȈ
ǴȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏȈª ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ǹȐȔȜȍȘȖȗȖȓȍ Ȋ ȒȘȣȔȐȏȌȈȚȖȊșȒȖȔ ȆȎȕȖȔ
ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȍ Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȔ Ȑ ȓȍșȚȕȖȔ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȍ Ǫ ǪȍȘȍșȈȍȊ Ǵ ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕ Ǫ
ǲȖȘȖȓȍȕȒȖ ǩ ǷȈșȚȍȘȕȈȒ ǹ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊ-ǾȍȕșȒȐȑ ǹ ǼȍȌȖȘȟȍȕȒȖ Ȑ ȌȘ
4 Ȼɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɇ Ɍɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ Ʉ Ɇ Ɇɨɥɨɬɨɜ  – ɩɨɫɥɟ
1946) — ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɩɚɪɬɢɣɧɵɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ȼ -
 ɝɝ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ Ɂɧɚɦɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɚɝɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨ-
ɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɫɬɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɦ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɭɛɤɨɦɚ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɢ ɱɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɝɭɛɛɸɪɨ ȼ - ɝɝ
ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɝɚɡɟɬɭ ɜ ɋɢɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɜɚɥ Ʉɪɵɦɢɫɬɩɚɪɬɨɦ ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɜ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɢɦ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɜɟɥ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɩɚɪɬɢɣɧɨ-ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɫɬɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ȼ  ɝ
ɛɵɥ ɚɪɟɫɬɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪɟɧ ɤ  ɝɨɞɚɦ ɂɌɅ ɋɭɞɶɛɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ  ɝ ɧɟɢɡɜɟ-
ɫɬɧɚ
5 Ⱥ ɇ Ɋɚɤɢɬɧɢɤɨɜ " – 1974) — ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬ ɨɱɟɪɤɢɫɬ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ-ɸɦɨɪɢɫɬ ɚɜɬɨɪ
ɤɧ Ƚɚɥɢɮɟ (1926), ɍɟɡɞɧɵɟ ɪɨɫɫɤɚɡɧɢ (1927), Ɂɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɴɟɦɳɢɤɚ (1928), Ƚɥɢ-
ɧɹɧɵɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ  ɛɪɨɲɸɪ ɨ ɝɟɪɨɹɯ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɬ ɩ

10
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖȊȖȧȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖșȒȊȐȟȍȑ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȖȘȈȝ Ȑȝ ȌȖș-
ȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ șȚȈȚȤȧ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ©Ƕȉ ȐȕȌțșȚȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȐȚ-
ȔȈȝ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐª ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȓȍȚ-
ȒțȓȤȚȈ ǺȊȖȘȐ Ȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ Ǩ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ȏȈȟȐȕȈȚȍȓȤ ©Șțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔȈª ǰ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊ6.
ǪȕȍȠȕȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȉȘȖȠȦȘȒȐ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊȈ ǴȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȋȖȌ
ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȕȐȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȏȈȟȈșȚțȦ ȜȐ-
ȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊȈ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ș ȈȗȖȒȈ-
ȓȐȗȚȐȒȖȑ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ © ǽǽ ȊȍȒȈ Ǹ ǹ Ǽ ǹ Ǹª
ǲȈȒ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ Ȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚț ȊȣȗțșȒȈ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ Ǩ ©șȈȔȖȋȖ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȈ ³ȜțȐȏȔ´ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ǺȐȝȖȔȐȘȖȊ ȕȐ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ Ȋ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈȝ ș ǷȍȘȍȓȍ-
ȠȐȕȣȔ ȜțȐșȚȈȔȐ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚª Lucas
 Ǫ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ Ȑ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȓȐ Ȓ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔț
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȜțȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ șȚȈȓ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ǵ
ǳȍȗȖȒȈ ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ (1921) Ƕ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍ ǳȍȗȖȒȍ șȖȘȈȚȕȐȒȍ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍ-
ȠȐȕȈ ȗȖ ȜțȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ7 Ǹȍ-
ȞȍȕȏȐȘțȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȍ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǹ ǩȖȉȘȖȊ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ șȉȓȐȎȈȧ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ș ©ǾȍȕȚȘȐȜț-
ȋȖȑª
δǥε ʚˈ˒ˑˍǡ ʞˈ˓ˈˎˈ˛ˋː ˑ˕˘ˑˇˢ˕ ˑ˕ ˃˅˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ ʥˈː˕˓ˋ˗˖ˆˋǡ ˑ˒ˢ˕˟-˕˃ˍˋ ˅˞-
˄ˋ˓˃ˢ ˑ˕˕˖ˇ˃ ˔˃ˏˑˈ ˕ˢˉˈˎˑˈ ˋ ˔˃ˏˑˈ ˕˓˖ˇːˑ-˅ˑ˔˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃ˈˏˑˈǡ ˘ˑ˕˟ ˋːˑˌ ˓˃ˊ
˔˚˃˔˕ˎˋ˅ˑ ˅˞˒ˑˎˊ˃ˡ˕ ˋˊ-˒ˑˇ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˍ˃ːˑːˑ˅Ǥ ʚˈ˒ˑˍ ˅˔˕˃˅ˎˢˈ˕ ˅ ˋˊˎˡ˄ˎˈː-
ː˖ˡ ˋˏ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˖ ˒ˈˌˊ˃ˉ ˋ ˇˈˎ˃ˈ˕ ˠ˕ˑ ːˈˇ˖˓ːˑ ȋʐˋˍ ͳͻʹʹǣ͵ͲͳȌǤ
ǫȖȌ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȕȈ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȖȚșȣȓȒȖȑ Ȓ ȋȖȋȖȓȍȊșȒȐȔ ǯȈȗȐ-
șȒȈȔ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ©ǴȈȘȚȖȉȘȧ ȋȖȌ ȗȍȘȊȣȑª ©ǴȈȘȚȖȉȘȧª ȉȘȖȠȍȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȤ ȏȌȘȈȊȖȔȣșȓȐȍ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȌȈ Ȑ ©ȘȈȎ-
ȎȐȎª Ȋ Ȑȝ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓ ©ȘȈȏȔȧȋȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȏȋȖȊª ȋȐȌȘȖ-
ȞȍȜȈȓȐȦ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȍȚȐȕȐȏȔ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȐȕȣȔ ȘȍȚȐȊȣȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈȔ ȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ — ȎȐȊȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȖȘȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ǲȈȒ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ
ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ  ©Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ǴȖ-
6 ɂ ȼ ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ -1974) — ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤ ©ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɢɡɦɚª ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ -ɯ ɝɝ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɤɢɧɨɤɪɢ-
ɬɢɤ ɢ ɤɢɧɨɜɟɞ ɋɦ ɨ ɧɟɦ ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɂ Ȼɭɧɬ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɢɫɬɚ ɋɬɢɯɢ ɢ ɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɵ Ȼɦ Salaman-
dra P.V.V., 2017.
7 ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɛɟɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɇ Ʌ Ʉɨɩɟɥɹ Ʉɪɭɫɚɧɨɜ  ɫɨɝɥɚɫ-
ɧɨ Ɂɞɨɛɧɨɜ  Ʌɟɩɨɤ ɛɵɥ ©ɭɪɨɠɟɧɰɟɦ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚª

11
șȒȖȊȐȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ Ȑ ȧȊȕȖȑ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȏȈșțȝȐ Ȕȣ — ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ — ȊșȍȘȤȍȏ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȎȎȐȎȈª
Ǫ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȖȓȦȌȕȖȔ șȚȈȕȍ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȘȈșȒȖȓ Ǩ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȋȘțȗȗȣ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ Ǫ  ȋ
ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ ȍȔț ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ ȕȖ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȊ Ȋ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȈȕȖȕș șȊȖȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǩȐȍȕȐȧ ȗȓȖȚȐ șȟȍȓ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȔȍȎȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ
ʑ˅ˋˇ˖ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˆ˓˖˒˒˃ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑ˅ ȋ˗˖ˋ˔˕ˑ˅Ȍ ːˈˋˊˏˈːːˑ ˒ˑˏˈ˜˃ˈ˕ ˏˑˡ ˗˃-
ˏˋˎˋˡ ː˃ ˑ˄ˎˑˉˍ˃˘ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˍːˋˆ ȋʓˋ˃ˎˈˍ˕ˋˍ˃ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢǡ ʐˈˎ˟ˏ˃ ʠ˃ˎ˃˓˃ ˋ ˇ˓ǤȌǡ
ˊ˃ˢ˅ˎˢˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˅˔ˍˑ˓ˈ ˒ˑ ˅ˑˊːˋˍːˑ˅ˈːˋˋ ˕˃ˍˑ˅ˑˌ ˢ ˋˊ ːˈˈ ˅˞˛ˈˎ ˒ˑ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋː˃ˏ
ˋˇˈˑˎˑˆˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ˘ ˓˃ˊːˑˆˎ˃˔ˋˌǤ
ʙ ˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˇˑ˄˃˅ˋ˕˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˚ˈˏ ˆˑˇˋ˚ːˑˈ ˑ˕˔˖˕˔˕˅ˋˈ ˋˊ ˆǤ ʛˑ˔-
ˍ˅˞ ːˈ ˒ˑˊ˅ˑˎˢˎˑ ˏːˈ ˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˊ˃ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˢ ˓˃ː˟˛ˈͺǤ
ǩȍȓȤȔȈ, ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒȈ ȕȍȉȍȏȣȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȝ ©ȉȍȓȣȝª ȚțȘȒȍșȚȈȕșȒȐȝ
șȚȐȝȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȕȐȋ Ȋȣȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȜțȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȈȗȘȍȓȍ  ȋ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȚȧȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ǬȊȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ǳȍȗȖȒȈ Ȑ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ — ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȈȕȣ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȐȘȈȎȖȔ Ȋ  ȕțȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ Ȑ
Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȚȐȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǫǷǻ Ǫ ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȍ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈșȐȓ
ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ©ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍșțȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȊ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈª Ȑ
ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ©ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȈȌȐȧ ȊșȍȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȍȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȔȗȓȐȕȖȔ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ
ȗȘȣȎȒȈª
ǷȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ©șȦȎȍȚª ȗȖȥȔȣ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ ǸȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȦȦ ȥȗȖȝț ȚȘȈȕșȋȍȕȌȍȘȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȈȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȔ șȔ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȚȈȒȎȍ Lucas 2020). ©ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ — ȏȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȍȚ Ǫ ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ — ȗȐȚȈȍȚ <…> ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒșȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖȉȘȈȏȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ
ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȧ ȗȖȥȔȣ — ³ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ´  ȌȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘȖȗȖȊ ȗȖȥȔȣ
șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ǬȈȊȐȌȈ ǩțȘȓȦȒȈ ³Ǵȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ” Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ “ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȈ ǴȈȜȈȘȒȐ” Ǽ-Ǻ ǴȈȘȐȕȍȚ-
ȚȐª (ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ 
ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ-ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȥȔȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȉȐȖȒȖșȔȐșȚȖȊ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȖȚșȣȓȒȐ Ȓ ȅȑȕȠȚȍȑȕț
ǲȦȘȐ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȖȌȕȣȔ Ȋ -ȍ ȋȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȔȍȌȐȒȖȊ ǵ
ǲȖȓȤȞȖȊȈ ȅ ȀȚȍȑȕȈȝȈ ǹ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊȈ ȜȍȌȖȘȖȊșȒȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ
țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ Ț Ȍ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȒțȗȐȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟțȚȒȖȋȖ Ȓ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔ Ȋȍȧ-
ȕȐȧȔ Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊȈ ǴȥȚȘ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȕȐȋ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȝ ȌȖș-
ȚȖȐȕșȚȊ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȜțȐșȚȈȔȐ șȒȖȗȖȔ
8 ɉɪɚɜɞɚ  ʋ   ɦɚɹ ɋ  ɐɢɬ ɩɨ Ʉɪɭɫɚɧɨɜ 

12
ʜ˃ Ǽˎˈ˅ˑˏ ˗˓ˑː˕ˈǽ ː˃˛ˈˌ ˒ˑˠˊˋˋ ˅˞˔˕˖˒ˋˎˋ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈˍˋˈ Ǽ˗˖ˋ˔˕˞ǽǤ ʙ˃ˍ˖ˡ
ˋˏ ˕˃ˏ ˑ˕˅ˈˇ˖˕ ˒ˑˊˋ˙ˋˡǡ ːˈ ˊː˃ˡǡ ːˑ ˒ˑˍ˃ ˑ ˗˖ˋ˔˕˃˘ ˓˃˔˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ːˈ ˔˕ˑˋ˕Ǥ
ʑ˔ˈ ˕˓ˋ ˅˞˔˕˖˒ˋ˅˛ˋ˘ ˃˅˕ˑ˓˃ǡ ʐˑ˓ˋ˔ ʞˈ˓ˈˎˈ˛ˋːǡ ʐˑ˓ˋ˔ ʜˈ˔ˏˈˎˑ˅ ˋ ʜˋˍˑˎ˃ˌ
ʚˈ˒ˑˍǡ ˒˓ˈˉˇˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑ — ˔ˎ˃˄˞ˈ ˔˕ˋ˘ˑ˕˅ˑ˓˙˞Ǥ ʬ˕˃ˍˋˈ ˎˈ˅˞ˈ ˔˕ˋ˘ˋ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˔ˑ˚ˋ-
ːˋ˕˟ ˎˡ˄ˑˌ ːˈˑ-˃ˍˏˈˋ˔˕ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˊ˃˘ˑ˚ˈ˕ δǥε
ʞ˓ˈˇˋ˔ˎˑ˅ˋˢ ˗˖ˋ˔˕ˑ˅ǡ ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˇˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˒˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˔ˎ˃ːː˞ˈ ˍ˃ˉˇˑˌ ˄˓ˑ-
˛ˡ˓ˍ˃ǡ ˕ˑ˚˟-˅-˕ˑ˚˟ ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˡ˕ ˓˃ːːˋˈ ˏ˃ːˋ˗ˈ˔˕˞ ˗˖˕˖˓ˋ˔˕ˑ˅ǡ ˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˈ
ͳʹ-ͳ͵ ˎˈ˕ ˕ˑˏ˖ ː˃ˊ˃ˇǤ ʜˈ˖ˉˈˎˋ ˔ ˕ˈ˘ ˒ˑ˓ ːˋ˚ˈˆˑ ːˈ ˋˊˏˈːˋˎˑ˔˟ǫͻ
ǳȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȐȚȖȋȖȊȖȔ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȍ ȕȐȟȍȊȖȒȈ Ǹ ǸȖȒȈ ǹȖ-
ȘȖȒ șȖȘȖȒȖȊ  Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ  ȋ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ©ȗȍȟȈȚȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧª ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȕȐȋȖȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȐȟȍȊȖȒȖȊ ©ǽȖȉȖª10 ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ
șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ șȊȧȏȍȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘțȗȗȈȔȐ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȊȖȒȖȊ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔ Ƕȉȍ ȖȕȐ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȔȐȘȖȊ ȈȊȈȕ-
ȚȦȘȕȖ-ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȒȓȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ǹȔȍ-
ȕȈ ǹȚȈȊ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȐșȚȖȔ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǫțȌȖȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓșȧ ș ǰ
ǰȓȤȜȖȔ Ȑ ǭ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȣȔ Ȋ ǬȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ șȚțȓȤȧȝ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ ǷȍȘȍȓȍ-
ȠȐȕșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ Ȋ ȊȣȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȔ ǹȚȈȘȋȖȘȖȌȍ11 ǩȣȓ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȘțȎȍȕ ș
Ǩ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ — ȚȈȒ Ȋ ǰȘȖȕȐȈȌȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȟȐȚȈȍȔ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȒȍ ©ǰȘȐȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȈª ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ :
Ǻȣ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ
ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș
Ȑ ȠȍȗȟȍȠȤ ȉȍșșȓȖȊȍșȕȣȍ
ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ
ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȍȘȍȓȨȠȐȕȈ —
ǩȓȐȏȖȒ Ȓ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ȕȈȗȐșȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ  ȋ șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȗ
ȗȖȥȚȍ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȜȖ-
ȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ (1927) ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ
ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȣ ȝȖȚȧ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ
ȒȕȐȋȐ Ǹȣȉȣ Ȑ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊșȚȊȖ ǳȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌșȒȖȑ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ ǲȈȘȍȓȐȐ (1932).
9 Ȼɪɸɫɨɜ ȼ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ  ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ  Ʉɧ  ɋ  ɫɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ȼɪɸɫɨɜ
1990: 645-646.
10 Ɋɨɤ Ɋ ɋɨɪɨɤ ɫɨɪɨɤɨɜ Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɷɦɵ ɧɢɱɟɜɨɤɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɹɧɧɵɟ Ɇ  -ɹ ɫ ɨɛɥ Ʉɧɢɝɢ
Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, Ȼɟɥɶɦɚ ɋɚɥɚɪɚ ɢ Ɋɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɢɫɬɨɜ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɛɵɥ ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɚɡɨɦ ɤɧɢɝɚ
Ɋɨɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɉɍ
11 Ɉ ɉɟɪɟɥɟɲɢɧɟ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ Ƚɭɞɤɚ ɫɦ ɒɬɢɯ  -100.

13
Ȼ ɉɟɪɟɥɟɲɢɧ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɂ ɂɥɶɮɨɦ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ
ɝɚɡɟɬɵ ©Ƚɭɞɨɤ» (1925)12
Ǫ ȔȈȍ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȐȋȖȕȍ ©ǲȖȔ-
ȔțȕȈȘȒȈª ȗȖȌ ǴȖșȒȊȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ǳȍȊ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ - șȚȈȘ-
ȠȐȑ ȘȍȊȐȏȖȘ ǫȓȈȊȚȈȉȈȒȈ ǵȈȘȒȖȔȈȚȈ ȗȐȡȍȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǹǹǹǸ ǩȖ-
ȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧȔ șȖȓȈ-
ȋȍȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍșȣȓȤȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ȗȖȌ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȖȔ
ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș Ƕ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤȠȚȈȔȖȔ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȍ ȕȈ ǲȖȓȣ-
Ȕȍ ǵȍȘȓȍȘ 5:157) ǺȖȟȕȈȧ ȌȈȚȈ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȊȣȧșȕȍȕȕȖȑ13.
*
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȔȈȓȖȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȕȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǭȡȍ Ȋ  ȋ țȗȖ-
12 Ʉɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ⱥ ɂ ɂɥɶɮ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɟ Ⱥ Ʉɪɭɱɟɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɟ ɂɥɶɮ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɥ ©ɉɟɪɟɥɟɲɢɧ ɝɟɧɢɣ-ɫɚɦɨɭɱɤɚ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɚª ɉɟɬ-
ɪɨɜ 
13 ȼ ɰɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɧ ɉ ɇɟɪɥɟɪɚ — ©ɨɤ ª ɇɟɪɥɟɪ 

ȔȧȕțȚȈȧ ȊȣȠȍ ȌȍȒȓȈȘȈȞȐȧ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ Ȑȏ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖ-
Ȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ǵ ǩȘȖȌșȒȐȔ Ȑ ǵ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȈȕȚȖȓȖ-
ȋȐȦ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȖȊ ǶȚ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔȈ ȌȖ ©ǶȒȚȧȉȘȧª ǴȈȕȐȜȍș-
Țȣ -256)14 ǲ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȦ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȔ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ǫ ǴȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋ șȚȈȚȤȍ Expressionism in Russia (Markov
 ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ ǴȈȘȒȖȊ  ǼțȐșȚȖȊ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȈș-
șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȏȊȍȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ©ȐȔȈȎȐȕȐșȚșȒȐȔ» ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏ-
ȔȖȔ ǰ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊȈ ǩ ǯȍȔȍȕȒȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȊȖȒȖȊ Ȑ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔȖȔ ©ȞȍȕȚ-
ȘȐȜțȋȐșȚșȒȐȔª ©ǼțȐȏȔ «! ȖȏȕȈȔȍȕȖȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ Ȓ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔț
“ǾȍȕȚȘȐȜțȋȐ”ª ǴȈȘȒȖȊ -549).
©ǰȝ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȊȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȒȈȝ Ȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț Ȑȏ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ țșȓȖȎȕȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȕȍșȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȏȐȈȚȟȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȧȊȕȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȚ Ȗ ȏȈșȚȖȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȘȖȌȍ — ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓ ǴȈȘȒȖȊ — ǵȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ǰȝ ȘȐȜȔȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȥ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȐȕȚȈȒșȐș ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧª ǴȈȘȒȖȊ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ
Ǩ ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ țȌȍȓȐȓ ȜțȐșȚȈȔ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȊțȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ǹțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȈ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ©ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȚȐȘȈ-
ȞȐȖȕȈȓȐȏȔª ȋȘțȗȗȣ ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ -413) ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȓ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȦ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȑ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ǵȈ ȘțȉȍȎȍ 2000-ȝ ȋȋ Ȓ ȜțȐș-
ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ©ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔȈª ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
Ǫ ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȐșșȍȘȚȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȈ ©ȕȍȒȖȕșȚ-
ȘțȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤª ȜțȐșȚȖȊ Ȑȝ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȕȐȍ ©ȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȐȕȚțȐȞȐȦ Ȑ șȊȖȍ-
ȊȖȓȐȍ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍª ©ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ șȍȉȍª ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ  șȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǺȍȘȍȝȐ-
ȕȈ  Ȑ ȗȘ ǶșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȐȊ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȜțȐșȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȖȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ
ȅȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ  ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ  ȋ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ Salamandra P.V.V.
ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȕ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ.
14 Ɇɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɵ ɮɭɢɫɬɨɜ ɛɢɨɤɨɫɦɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɢɱɟɜɨɤɨɜ ɥɸɦɢɧɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫ-
ɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ©ɋɟɪɚɩɢɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɪɚɬɶɟɜª ɩɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ
ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɵ Ɉɬ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɤ Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɸ Ɇ
1929).

15
ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ
ǩȐȒ  — ǩȐȒ ȅ Ƿ <ǩȖȉȘȖȊ ǹ Ƿ>. [ǸȍȞȍȕȏȐȧ] // ǷȍȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ  ǲȕ
 ǹ -301.
ǩȘȦșȖȊ  — ǩȘȦșȖȊ Ǫ ǹȘȍȌȐ șȚȐȝȖȊ - ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚȣ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȐ
Ǵ 
ǪȍȒ  — ǪȍȒ ș ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȖȑ ǺȖȔșȒ 
ǯȌȖȉȕȖȊ  — ǯȌȖȉȕȖȊ ǵ Ǫ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȍȓȧ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ
(ǷȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȗȐșȖȒ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȖȊ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ Ǵ 
ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ  — ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌ ǰșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȏȖȘ Ǻ  ǼțȚț-
ȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ - ǲȕ  Ǵ 
ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ  — ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ Ǩ ǰȘȖȕȐȈȌȈ Ǵ ǰȏȌ ȈȊȚ 
ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚȣ  — ǶȚ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔȈ ȌȖ ©ǶȒȚȧȉȘȧª ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȍ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȣ I ǸȖș-
șȐȧ Ǵ 
ǴȈȘȒȖȊ  — ǴȈȘȒȖȊ Ǫ ȅȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ  ǷȖȥȏȐȧ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȤ ǹȉ ȚȘț-
ȌȖȊ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǵ ǰ ǽȈȘȌȎȐȍȊȈ Ǵ  ǹ -556.
ǵȍȘȓȍȘ 5 — ǵȍȘȓȍȘ Ƿ ǶșȐȗ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤȠȚȈȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȓȈȋȍȘȕȐȒȐ Ǵ 5.
ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ  — ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ Ǩ Ƕ șȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȗ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ  ǸțȉȍȎ
ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ  ȹ 
ǵȐȒȐȍȕȒȖ  — ǵȐȒȐȍȕȒȖ Ƕ ǲȓȈșșȐȒ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȈ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ 
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȊȍȒȈ  ȹ 
ǷȍȚȘȖȊ  — ǷȍȚȘȖȊ ǭ ǴȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ǰȓȤȜ Ǵ 
ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ  — ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ Ǫ ǵ ȅȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȚȐ ǽǽ ȊȍȒȈ ǫȍȕȍȏȐș ǰșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ ǷȖȥȚȐȒȈ ǨȊȚȖȘȍȜȍȘȈȚ ȌȐșșȍȘ-
ȚȈȞȐȐ Ǵ 
ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ  — ǺȍȘȍȝȐȕȈ Ǫ ǵ ȅȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǼȈȒȚȣ Ȑ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ  Ǫȍ-
șȚȕȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȐȔ Ǩ Ǵ ǫȖȘȤȒȖȋȖ  ȹ  ǹ -16.
ǺȘțșȖȊȈ  — ǺȘțșȖȊȈ ǰ ǹ ǨȘșȍȕȐȑ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǷȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ǬȐșșȍȘ-
ȚȈȞȐȧ  ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚȈ ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈțȒ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ 

ǺȘțȠȒȐȕ  — ǺȘțȠȒȐȕ Ǫ Ƿ ǷțȚȐ Ȑ șțȌȤȉȣ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ 0-
 ȋȋ ǰȘȒțȚșȒ 
ǿțȎȈȒ  — ǿțȎȈȒ ǵ ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȐȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ǶȚ ǩȈȓȤȌȈțȜȈ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǿȐȚȈ 
ȀȈȕȧȊȍȞ  — ȀȈȕȧȊȍȞ Ǫ ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȐȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ  ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ 
ȹ  ǹ -166.
ȀȚȐȝ  — ȀȚȐȝ Ǵ Ǫ șȚȈȘȖȔ ©ǫțȌȒȍª  ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ǰȓȤȍ ǰȓȤȜȍ Ȑ ǭȊȋȍ-
ȕȐȐ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȍ Ǵ  ǹ -106.
ȅȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ  — ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐȏȔ ǺȍȖȘȐȧ ǷȘȈȒȚȐȒȈ ǲȘȐȚȐȒȈ.
Ǵ., 2005.
Lucas 2020 — Lucas_v_leyden. ǴȈȘȋȐȕȈȓȐȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȍȓȧ ǼțȐșȚȣ KWWSVOXFDV-v-ley-
den.livejournal.com/302260.html.
Markov 1971 — Markov V. Expressionism in Russia // California Slavic Studies. 1971.
Vol. VI. P. 145-160.

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19
ǽǾǳǲǶǿǹǼǰǶǳ
ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȖȑȒȖȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȈ ȟȈșȚȕȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȖȊțȦ ȥȗȖȝț Ȑ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȐȌȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȈȌșȚȘȖȑȒȐ
— ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ǺȊȖȘȟȍșȒȈȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȊȣȧȊȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ș
ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ Ȋ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȈ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ,
ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ
Ǵȣ ȍȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊșȚțȗȈȍȔ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȥȗȖȝț ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȞȍȕȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒțȉȖȒ
ȐșȒȘȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȊȐȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȍȔ ȗȘȐ țȔȐȘȈȕȐȐ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȐȘȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȘȍȏȒȐȍ ȋȘȈȕȐ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ Ȋ ȚȐșȒȈȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ ǹȖȞȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȊȍȚ ȞȍȗȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȉșȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȍȚ
ȕȈ ȈȘȍȕț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȔȈșșȣ ȚȘțȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȗȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȉțȘȎțȈȏ-
ȕȖȍ ©ȧª
ǷȘȍȓȖȔȐȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ — Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ǰ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ
ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȒȘțȗȐȞ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȘȖȠȦȘȒȍ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȖȥ-
ȚȖȊ ȚȍȔ Ȑ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ țȎȍ ȌȖ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖȠțȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚȖȔ Ǫ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȔȍ ©ǷȖȌ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȔª ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȘȍȓȤȍȜȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȗȘȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȐȏȔț ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ șȓȐȧȕȐȐ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȟțȎȌȖȔ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȍ — Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȖșȕȖȊȕțȦ Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȔȣȝ ȕȐȎȍ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔȐ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǲȖȕșȚ ǴȖȓȖȚȖȊ

ǯǼǾǶǿ ǽǳǾǳǹǳȆǶǻ
12 ǺǮǾȀǮ (27 ȂǳǰǾǮǹȍ 1917
ǽǼǲ ǺǼǹǼȀǼǺ

21
12 MǮǾȀǮ  ȂǳǰǾǮǹȍ 
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ Ȑȏ ȗȖȥȔȣ
©ǶȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǯȐȔȣª
...ǲ ȒȖȕȞț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ ǯȐȔȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȝȔțȘȣȝ ȌȈȓȧȝ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌȈ
ș țȚȘȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȓțȚȤȔȈ
ǭȡȍ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȒȘȖȔȍȠȕȣȔ ȈȌȖȔ
ȞȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȧȝ Ȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ șȈȔȈ
șȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈș ǮȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ǭȡȍ ȉȍșșȓȈȊȕțȦ ȌȍȘȎȈȊț
ȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȔ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ Ǫ ȚȐșȒȈȝ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȕȍȔȍȊȠȈȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȖȑ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȈ ǵȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ
șȘȍȌȐ ǯȐȔȣ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȋȘȖȔ
ǻȎȍ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȖȊ
ȗȘȖȓȐȚȈȧ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȈ
ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȈ
ȗȖȒȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ȕȍ ȊȏȔȣȓȈ Ȓ ȊȣșȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȓȋȖȎȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȐ
ȗȖȌ ȘȍȊ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȋțȌȒȖȊ
ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȉțȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȤȧ
ȠȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȝ șȚȈȕȒȖȊ
ȖȚ ȖȋȕȍȌȣȠȈȡȐȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ
Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȖȋȕȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȖȊ ȕȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ǰ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ ȊȖȊȍȒ ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌȣ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȊȠȐȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ
ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȣ
ǫȌȍ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȟȐșȚ Ȑ ȟȍȚȖȒ
țȏȖȘ ȔȐȝȈȑȓȖȊșȒȐȝ ȘȍȠȍȚȖȒ

22
ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȋțȘȤȉȖȑ
ȗȖȌ ȊȏȔȈȝȈȔȐ ȌȘȈȋțȕșȒȐȝ ȗȓȍȚȖȒ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȖȑ
ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ǰ ȔȖșȚ Ȑ ǴȖȑȒț ȔȘȈȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ
ǰ ȘȖȚȈ ȗȈȊȓȖȊȞȍȊ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
ȎȌȈȚȤ țȚȘȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȖȏȈȘȐȓ
ȘȈșșȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ
șȔȍȕȧȓȈ ȗȣȓ ȕȈȠ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȞȈȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ
ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȧȎȒȖȍ țșȐȓȤȍ
ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȋȈȓ
ǸȈșșȊȍȚ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ǴȐȘ ȕȖȊȣȑ ș ȉȖȓȤȦ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȓ
Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȧ.
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ: ©ǹȔȖȚȘȐ!»
ǺțȔȈȕ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ șȚȈȧȓ,
ȀțȔȧ ȊȖȘȖȕ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȐ
ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ ȏȈȘȐ
ǰ ȕȈȌ ǼȖȕȚȈȕȒȖȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ
Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ țȚȘȈ ȒȓȐȘȖș
ȊȌȘțȋ ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȊȣȘȖș
ȕȍȧșȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ
Ǩ ȏȈ ǵȍȊȖȑ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȖșȍȕȤ ȏȓȣ
ț ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ȒȐȗȧȚ ȊȈȓȣ
ȕȈȌ șȐȕȐȔ ȓȤȌȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕ ȒȓțȉȐȓșȧ
Ȑ ȠȗȐȞ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȓșȧ
ȔȍȟȖȔ ȈȘȝȈȕȋȍȓȈ Ȑȏ Ȕȋȓȣ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ
ȒȈȟȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȠȚȣȒȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȒȐ
ȗȖȠȓȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ
ǰ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȝ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ
ȊȏȊȍȊȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ

23
ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȖȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ
ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȌȈȓ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ
ǫȌȍ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ —
ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȠȚțȘȔȖȔ ȊȏȧȓȐ
Ȑ ș ȟȍȘȌȈȒȈ ȓȐȒțȧ șȕȧȓȐ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȘȈȎȐȑ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ș ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȖȕȈ
ȖȘȓȖȊ ȒȐȟȓȐȊȣȝ șȖȊȓȍȒȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȖȕȣ
ȕȈ ȠțȔȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ șȖȎȋȓȐ
Ƕ, ȕȍȐșȟȍȘȗȈȕȕȣȍ șȕȣ
ȚȖȑ ȚȐȚȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ
ǯȐȔȈ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȚȍȕȤȦ
Ǭȓȧ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȤȧ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔțȦ ȌȈȓȤ
ȕȈș ȖȒȘȣȓȧȦȡȐȑ ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤ

24
ǽǼǲ ǺǼǹǼȀǼǺ
ǬȘȖȋȕțȚ țȓȐȞȣ Ȋ ȟȈș ȏȈȒȓȧȚȣȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋțȌȖȒ ȘȈȏȐȕȍȚ ȘȖȚ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ș ȒȘȣȠ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȝ
șȖȕȕȣȑ șȍȌȖȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ
ǬȍȕȤ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍșȤ țșȚȈȓȣȑ
ǪșȗțȝȕȍȚ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȘțȉȍȞ
ǳȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȣ șțȔȘȈȒ Ȋȧȓȣȑ
ǺȖȒȈȘȤ ȚȖȟȐȚ ȒțȍȚ ȒțȏȕȍȞ
ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȚ ȏȈȊȖȌ șȊȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ
ǷȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȐșȒȈȝ
ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȠȈȚțȕ ȒȖȓȣȠȍȚ ȔȍȘȕȖ
ȌȣȠȐȚ ȔȖȚȖȘ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȓȐ ȗȖȍȠȤ țȝȖȌȐȠȤ ȊȊȣșȤ ȓȐ,
Ȋ ȏȓȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ȗȖȥȚ ȋȘȍȝȈ, —
ȊȍȟȕȖ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ ȔȣșȓȐ
ȘȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȊȈȚȤ șȚȈȕȒȖȔ șȚȐȝȈ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ șȓȍșȈȘȤ ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȚȖȒȈȘȤ
șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǴȍȌȤȦ ȌȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȒȐ
ǷȍșȕȦ Ȋ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȍ ȉțȌȐȠȤ Țȣ
ǺȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȓȤȦ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȐȓȈ ȋȘțȌȍȑ
ȘȐȚȔ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ
Ǫ ȊȍȟȕȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȤȐ — ȏȕȈȦ — ȉțȌț
Ǫ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ șȊȖȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ
ǪșȚȈȕțȚ șȚȘȖȜȣ ȗȖȥȔȣ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȏȘȍȊȍȚ ȋțȌȖȒ
ǹȕȖȊȈ — Ȓ șȚȈȕȒț ȏȈ ȚȘțȌ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ —
ȉȐȚȤ ȖȚȚȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȓȖȋ

ǻǶǸǼǹǮǷ ȀǶȃǼǺǶǾǼǰ
ȀǾǶ ǱǼǲǮ

26
ȀǾǶ ǱǼǲǮ

ȅȝ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚțȟȐ ȕȈȊȐșȓȐ
Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ — ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ șȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ ȕȈ ǪȐșȓȍ
ǩțȌȍȚ ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȔ ȝȓȍȉȈ Ȑ ȔȐȘ
ȅȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑ ȊșȚȈȊȈȑ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȑșȧ
ǲ ȟȖȘȚț ǲȍȘȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȑșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ȋȕȍȊȈ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȑ șȈȚȐȘ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈ ȖȘțȎȤȍ ǯȈȎȋȐȚȍșȤ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ
Ǫ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȐȍ ȊȏȊȖȌȣ
ǮȈȎȌȍȚ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ
ǵȈȔ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ ȦȕȒȍȘȖȊ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ
ȚȍșȕȖ șȔȣȒȈȦȚșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȘȖȚȣ —
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȐȔ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȏȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȊȐȘȍȗȍȍȚ ȕȍȕȈșȚȤȍ
Ȕȣ ȖȉȘȍȚȍȔ ȕȈȠȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
Ǫ ȉțȘȦ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȤ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǷțșȚȤ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȒȖȔȔțȕȈȘȖȊ
ȕȍ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȝ țȌȈȘȖȊ —
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ — ȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ
ǩȘȈȚȤȧ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ
ǿȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȑ ȌȕȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ —
ȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȚȖȧȚ ț ȒȖȘȔȣ
ǴȐȘȈ ȌȖȉȤȍȔșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȑ Ȋ ǩȘȍșȚȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ — țȌȈȘȐȔ ȌȘțȎȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
©ǩȍȑ ȗȖ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚț ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȣª

27
1918-
ǫȖȌȣ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ șȔȍȓȣȔȐ
ǵȍȚ ȕȍ șȌȈȌȐȔșȧ Ȕȣ ȈȘȔȐȧȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ
ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ — ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȐȕȣȔ!
ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȍ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȝ
ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȌȖȒȖȓȍ ȍșȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȎȐȓȈȝ
Ȕȣ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌȈ ȊȘȈȋț ȕȍ șȌȈȌȐȔ
Ǫșȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ǰȓȐ șȔȍȘȚȤ — ȐȓȐ ȊșȦȌț
ȒȓȐȟ ȗȘȖȕȍșȐșȤ ȗȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț ȓȦȌț
©ǹȚȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑ șȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤª
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȖȚȗȍȚȣȔ
ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ șȖȊȍȚȈȔ
ȔȐȘ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ — ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȈșȚȤ
ǩȍȓȣȍ — șȐȓȤȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȐ
Ǻțȓț ȉȍȘțȚ țȎ ȕȈ ȔțȠȒț ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ
ǲȘȍȔȓȤ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ
ȋțȓ ȖȘțȌȐȑȕȣȑ ȕȈ ǲțȘșȒȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ȓȐȞȈ ȉȖȑȞȖȊ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȐ
Ȋșȍ ȕȈ țȟȍȚȍ Ȑ ȠȚȣȒ Ȑ șȕȈȘȧȌ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈșȚȣȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȤȐ
ȒȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȌȔȖșȒȖȊȕȖȔ șȘȈȎȍȕȤȐ"
ǩțȌȍȚ ȓȐ ȗȖȘȊȈȕȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ"
ǩȓȐȎȍ ȗȘȐȔȒȕțȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț...
ǪȍȘȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ Ȓ Ȧȋț
ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȌȍȕȐȒȐȕȞȣ Ȋ șȚȍȗȤ

28

ǺȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȓȖ ș ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȤȧ
Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȋȖȌȈ
ǷȖȋȐȉȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ..
ǵȖ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȉȖȦ — țȗȖȘȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
Ǵȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȣ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȑ
ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ — ȘȈșȟȍȚȓȐȊ șȚȘȖȋ Ȑ șțȝ
ǵȈȠ ȗțȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ ȕȍȚ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ
Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȖȒȘȍȗ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȍțȝ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȤȍ ǪșȗȣȝȕȐ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȑȕȍ
Ȑ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȔ ȖȒȘȈșȤ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȑ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕ
ǹȖȉȘȈȚȤȧ ǬȖȓȋȖ Ȋȣ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ,
ǷțșȒȈȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȚ ȔȐȘț Ȗȕ
ǹȔȍȓȍȍ Ȋ ȉȖȑ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȈȘȍȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȎȌȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȉȐȚȊ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȈ
ǷȈȘȐȎ Ȑ ǳȖȕȌȖȕ ǸȐȔ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȑ ǪȍȕȈ
ȕȍ ȊȈȔ ȓȐ șȊȍȚȐȚ ǲȘȈșȕȈȧ ǴȖșȒȊȈ

ǯǼǾǶǿ ǻǳǿǺǳǹǼǰ
ǽǳǾǰǼǳ ǺǮȍ 1920
ȅǳȀǰǳǾȀȉǷ ǱǼǲ

30
ǽǳǾǰǼǳ ǺǮȍ 
I
ǪȘȈȋȖȔ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ șȖȊȍȚȖȊ
șȚȍȕȖȑ Ȗȋȕȧ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ
ǵȖ Ȕȣ, Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȤȦ ȥȚȖȑ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȣ — ȖȌȕȖ.
ǪȖȑȕȈ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȚȐȜ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ
ǷȈȘȐȎ Ȑ ǳȖȕȌȖȕ ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕ Ȑ ǸȐȔ!
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȚ
Ȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ:
— ǯȈȉȈșȚȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ǹȥȕȍ
Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȔ ȏȈ ȟȈșȖȔ ȟȈș
ȓȐȒțȍȔ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȕȖȑ Ǫȍȕȍ —
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȐȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȈș
ǿȚȖȉ ȊȍȟȕȖ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐ
țȌȖȉȘȐȔ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȕȣ șȔȍȠȈȊ
ȗȘȈȝ ȔȐȘȖȚȊȖȘȞȍȊ Ȑȏ ǪȍȘșȈȓȧ
ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȘȍȏȈȔȐ ǪȈȘȠȈȊ!
II
ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȔȖșȒȖȊ-
șȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȐȖ-șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǸȖșșȐȧ — ȖȚȗȘȈȊȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȐȖ-șȚȈȕȞȐȧ
— ǲȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓț ȗȖ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ — ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ —
ȟțȚȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ.

31
ǹȚȘȖȑȚȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȕțȦ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ 1-ȋȖ ȔȈȧ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȌȍȗȍȠț Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȈșȚ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȌȖșȍȓȍ ȕȍȔȈȧ
— ǫȖȚȖȊȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȊȍȌȍȔ ȊșȍȓȍȕșȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȅȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȐȒȖȊ
Ǩ ȊȖ ȊșȍȓȍȕșȒȖȔ ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈȘȍ —
ȊȍȟȕȖ 1-Ȗȍ ȔȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ
ǺȖȘȖȗȐȚȍșȤ Ȏȍ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȍȔȈȧ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȊȘȈȔȐ ȚȘȈȊ
ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ -Ȗȍ ȔȈȧ
ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȈȌȐȖ-ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ
III.
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ
țȠȓȐ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ șȚȈȕȒȖȊ
ǰ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ
ȕȈ ȝȔțȘȣȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ
Ǩ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ ȊșȒȐȗȈȧ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ
ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȌȊȖȘȞȈȔ
ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ
Ȗ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȉȐȚȊȣ ȎȈȎȌțȚ ȌțȠȐ
ǵȍșȍȚ ȌȣȝȈȕȤȍ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ
ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȋȘȖȔ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗțȠȍȒ
ȗȘȐȏȣȊȣ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȋțȌȒȈ
— ǼȓȈȋ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȑ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ ȊȏȊȍȧȊ
ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȝ ȔȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȖȒȘȐȒȐ ȓȈȒȍȍȊ
Ȑ ȓȈȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȔȐȚȘȈȓȤȍȏ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ șȝȊȈȚȒȍ ș ȗȈȓȈȟȈȔȐ
ǶȕȐ ȖșȐȓȧȚ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȖȊ
Ǵȣ ȓȧȎȍȔ ȎȋțȟȐȔȐ ȉȐȟȈȔȐ
ǵȈ șȗȐȕȣ ȒȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕȣȝ ȗșȖȊ

32
ȅǳȀǰǳǾȀȉǷ ǱǼǲ
I.
ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȈ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȦ ȕȖȊȤȦ
ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȘȈșȕȖȦ ǯȍȔȓȧ —
ǵȍȚ ȒȘȈșȖȒ" — ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ȖȒȘȈșȐȔ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ — ǲȘȍȔȓȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ — șȕȍȋȈ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ — șȚȍȗȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȣ Ȋ ǲȘȣȔ
Ǩ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ — ȔȐȘȖȊȣȍ ȠȐȘȐ
ǷȈȘȐȎ Ȑ ǳȖȕȌȖȕ ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕ Ȑ ǸȐȔ
II.
ǺȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȐȘ șȎȐȋȈȍȔ
ȋȖȘȐȔ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ǰ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȓȐȎȍȚ ȎȈȌȕȣȔ ȒȘȈȍȔ
ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȑ ȕȍȉȖșȊȖȌ
Ǩ Ȋ ȏȈȘȍȊȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȐ —
ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ Ȑ Țȍ ȟȚȖ ȎȌțȚ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓȐ
Ȕȣ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȉȍȌț
ǲȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ șȖșȍȌȧȔȐ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧȔ
Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȕȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ
Ȕȣ — ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ — ȕȈ ǹȐȘȐțș ȗȖȍȌȍȔ
ȕȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȖȑ ǯȍȔȓȍ
III
Ǵȣ ȓȦȉȐȔ ȎȐȚȤ ǪȖ ȐȔȧ ǮȐȏȕȐ
ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȓȍȟȤ

ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȗȈșȚȍȑ ȗțȠȍȒ ȉȘȣȏȕȍȚ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȤ
ǵȍ ȐȡȍȔ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȕȣ ȐȕȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ
ȟȍȔ ȕȈȠ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ
ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȚȘȖȕțȚ ȕȈș — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ǪȐșȓț
ȕȈȠ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ-ȔȈȘȠȘțȚ
Ƕ ȉȘȈȚȤȧȝ ȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȏȈ șȖȊȍȚȣ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ȊȍȒȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȌȐȔ
ǵȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ș ȕȈȔȐ:
Ȕȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȔ

 °»°¶°Ã³¸
  «µ³½¸³µ¹
  ¹µ¹¶¹

;=

37
ǯȜȞȖȟ ǽȓȞȓșȓȦȖț
ǲǳǻȊ
ǲȘȈșȕȣȍ șȒȓȖȕȣ țȚȘȈ
ǽȘȍȉȍȚ Ȑȏ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȊȣȓȐȚ
ǲȈȘȈȉȒȈȦȚșȧ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ǷȖȓȏțȚ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȉȊȈȓȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ
ǬȣȔȕȣȔ ȏȈȊȍșȖȔ ȕȈȌ
ǶȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȉȍȏȋȓȈȏȣȑ
ǽȔțȘțȦ ȗȘȖȘȍȝț ȌȍȕȤ
ǬȍȕȤ — ȗȘȖȕȍșȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ
ǺȊȖȑ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ — ȐȒȖȕȈ
ȀȈȋ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȐ — ȗȘȐȋȖȘȠȕȧ ȓȈȌȈȕȈ
ǴȍȘȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȖȏȈȘȐȚ
ǴȖȏȋȖȊ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȈ
ǻ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȖȓȖȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȘȐȏȣ
ǻ șȈȔȖȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ
ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ȟȍȘȚȐȚ
ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȘȐȔșȒȐȍ ȞȐȜȘȣ șțșȚȈȊȖȊ
Ǫ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚțȟȐȚ
Ǫȣ Ȋ ȟȤȍȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȑ ȊȧȓȖșȚȐ
ǿȈșȣ — țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȓȐșȚȖȗȈȌ
Ǫ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗțșȚȣȝ
ǻȚȘȖ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȘȈȌȖ
Ǩ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ
Ǫ ȉȖȓȖȚȈȝ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐȒȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȧ șȈȗȖȋȐ ș ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǩȍȎȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌț ȘȍȉȍȘ
ǵȈ ȠȚțȘȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ

38
ǫȌȍ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȑ ǫȖȓȋȖȜȍ ȓȉȈ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ ȘȈșȠȈȚȈȕȕȣȔ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǸȈșșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȋțȘȤȉȈ
ǵȈ ȥȠȈȜȖȚ ȊȍȌțȚ
ǬȍȕȤ — ȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ
ǿȈșȣ ȊȣȘțȉȐȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȖȉȚȖȟȐȚȤ
ǵȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȝ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȒ
ǪșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȔȟȐȚ
ǰȚȖȋȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ țȋȘȖȎȈȧ
ǹȏȈȌȐ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȌȍȕȤ — ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖȟȐ
ǵȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ ȊȖȎȎȐ
ǵȈȌ ȟȍȘȕȖȦ ȧȔȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
Ǩ ȗȖȒȈȔȍșȚȤ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖ
ǸȈȏȍȊȈȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ
ǫȖȘȉȈȚțȦ șȗȐȕț ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
Ǫ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ ȔȖȏȋȖȊ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ țșȗȍȑ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȝȓȖȗȈȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ ȒȓȈȒȈ
ǯȕȈȦ ȋȌȍ ȚȖ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
ǻȎ ȏȈȕȖșȐȚ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȒțȓȈȒ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȖȕ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȖȘȋ
ǴȖȑ șȈȔțȔ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȊȠȐșȤ ȓȍȋ
ǻȚȘȖ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚ
ǹȊȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȋ
ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ 1920 ȋ

39
ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ ǾȎȘȖȠțȖȘȜȐ
ȁǯǶǳǻǶǳ ǽǹǼȀǶ
ǸȈșȗȓȍșȕțȚȈ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȍ ȔȈȚȤ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȖȝȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȍȑ
Ǫ ȈȔȉȈȘȈȝ ȕȍȉȍș ȚȍȔȤ
ǶȉȠȈȘȤ ȓțȕȤ ȒȖȓȒȐȑ Șȍȗȍȑ
ǰ ȊȖȚ țȉȐȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȊȏȌȣȉȤ
Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȕȐȞț șȐȕȤ ȠȈȘȈȝ
ǪȣȚȍȒȓȐ ȏȍȕȤȒȐ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǴȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȎȍȕȤȒȐ ȗȖȚȘȖȝȈ
ǶȚȞȈ ȊȖȓȖȒțȚ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȉȐȟȍȔ ȝȓȨșȚ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȌȘȈȚȤ ȘȍȊț ȗȖȊȍȟȍȘȤ
ǲȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȊȈȌȘȐȓȤȖȕȣ ȊȍȘșȚ
ǵȍȚ țȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȊȍșȤ
ǵȣȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ǰțȌȍ
ǾȍȓțȦ ȕȈȋȈȕ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȍșȚ
ǲȘȍșȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȍȕȍȑ ȉțȌț
1920.

40
ǰǼǶǻǿǸǶǷ
ǹȖȘȖȒ ȕȈ șȖȘȖȒ ǩȍȏ țșȚȈȓȐ
ǪȍȘțȦ ȓȖșȒțȚ Ȉȓ
ǵȍȉȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȒț ȝȓȦșȚȖȔ
Ƕ ȊȈș ȓȐ ȠȐȕȍȓȣȞȐȒȈȝ ȊȏȣșȒțȦ
ǶȘȐ ȕȍ ȖȘȐ ǫȈȘȔȖȠȒȖȦ
ǹȖȘȖȒ ȕȈ șȖȘȖȒ ǺțȋȖȑ ȓȈȌ
ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȕȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȌțȠȕȣȔ
ǹȖȓȕȞ ȕȍ ȍȔȓȍȚ ȗȖȑȓȖ
ǴȈȚȍȘȡȐȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȦȉȓȍȕ ȖȒȘȍșȚ
ǰ ȝȘȐșȚȖșȐȒ ȓȦȉȖȑ
ǫȓȈȏȐȡ ȚȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȌȊȍșȚȐ
Ǩ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ țȏȘȍȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
1920.

41
ȁȀǾǳǻȊ
ǲ ȗȖȌȈȧȕȤȦ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȗȈȝȘȈȗ
ǺȧȕțșȤ țȉȖȋȐȑ ȝȘȖȔȣȎ
ǵȍ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȤȍ ȓȤ șȈȗȖȑ
ǲȐȘȒȈȔȐ șȍȒțȕȌ ȋȘȖȔȣȝ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ Ȋ ȖȡțȗȤ
Ǫ ȊȖȘȊȈȕȤ ȓȍșȖȊ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȕȖȑ
ǵȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȓȐ ȘȖȎȌȍȕ șȓȍȗ Ȑ ȚȖȡ
ǾțȞȍȕȒȖȔ ȗȐșȒȓȧȊȣȔ ȕȐȒȕț
ǪȖȚ ȖȚȗȘțȎȐȕȦșȤ ȔȧȟȐȒȖȔ
ǯȈȠȈȋȈȦ ȕȈ ȝȖȌțȓȧȝ ȓțȟȍȑ
Ǩȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȦȒȈȔȐ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȏȈȑȟȐȒȖȊ
ǲȈȒ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈ ȔȐȘ ȕȈȊȤȦȟȐȚȤ
1920

42
ǼǯȉǲǳǻȊ
ǷțȝȕȍȚ ȗțȝȕȍȚ ȚȈȕȒ
ǴȈșȚȖȌȖȕȚȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȔ ȘȊț
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖȓȖȚțȠȒȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚ ȚȍȕȤȒ
ǽȖȉȖȚ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȓ — ȕȍ ȔȖȑ ȓȐ ȕȍȘȊ.
ǪȘȍȔȧ Ȋ Ȟȍȝȍ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȒȖșȚȖȔȖȓ.
ǯȈȗȘȖȌȈȓșȧ ȌȕȦ — ȚȈȒ ȌȘȖȉȐ.
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȧȕȍȠȤ ȋȖȌ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ
ǭȡȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȘȣȎȐȔ ȌȘȣȋ
1920.

43
ǶȝȝȜșȖȠ ǿȜȘȜșȜȐ
ǮǽǼǸǮǹǶǽȀǶȅǳǿǸǼǳ ȅȁǲǼǰǶȇǳ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ —
ǵȍȘȊȕȈȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȈȗȖȒȈȓȐȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ
ǭȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȓȖȊ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȖȘȈ ȗȈȘȈ
ǶȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖ șȊȖȦ șȐȓț Ȋ țȈȚȚȈȝ ȒȈȓȖȘȐȧȝ Ȑ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȐȏȔȍȘȧ
ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ — șȊȍȚ ȔȈȧȒȖȊ
ǷȘȖȘȍȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȚȤȔț ȔȖȘȍȑ Ȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ — ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǷȈȚȔȖș Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȊ
ǲȖȕȤ ȘȣȎ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǰȖȈȕȕȖȊ
Ǫ ȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȍȡȍ
ǷȖ ȖȘȉȐȚȍ ȗȓȣȊȍȠȤ ȠȈȘ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ...
Ƕ ȈȗȖȒȈȓȐȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ ǲȖȊȟȍȋ ȋȌȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȊșȍȔȐ ǵȖȑ
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ 20 ȋȖȌȈ

44
ȍ ǱǼǰǼǾȌ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ — ȔȖȑ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȗȈȘȚȈȕȍȞ ȧ
ȀȊȣȘȧȦ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋț ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȝȐȓȣȝ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ
ȀȐȘȖȒȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț șȊȍȚț șȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȠȕȧȔȐ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȘȈȌȐȖ-șȚȈȕȞȐȧ.
Ǩ Ȋȣ ȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ©ǼȐȋȈȘȖª, ȒțȚȈȍȚȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȋ ȒȈȠȕȍ Ȑ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ ȐȕȜȓȦȥȕȞȣ
ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ șȜȐȕȒșȈ
ȅȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ — ȌȈ ȌȈ — ȓȐȞȖ ǳȍȕȐȕȈ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ș șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȉțȜȍȘȖȊ,
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȊșȒȐȕȤșȧ
ǳȍȚȐ ȏȍȔȓȧ Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȕȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȊșȗȍȕȍȕȈ
șȍȘȍȌȐȕȈ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ 21 ȋȖȌȈ

45
ǽǼȋȀ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊȖȋȈȏȕȈȧ ȔȈșȒȈ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ǲțȔȈȕȚ-ǯȍȓȐȕșȒȖȋȖ,
ǺȈȕȒ ȋȈțȉȐȞȈ ȚȖȘȗȍȌȈ ǻȈȑȚȝȍȌȈ
ǴȐȕȖȔȍȚ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ǾȍȗȗȍȓȐȕ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ"
Ƕ ȥȚȐ ȉȘȦȝȈȚȣȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǲȐȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ǴȈȘșȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȑȌȈ
ǸȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ȗȘȖȡțȗȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ǵȈ ǽȖȌȣȕȒȍ ț ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȘȈȌȐȖ-șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȕȈ
ȗȈȓȒȈȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȍȕȣ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȕȍȘȊȣ.
ǿȐȒȈȋȖ ǴȈȕȟȍșȚȍȘ ǲȈȗȠȚȈȌ ǲȈȓȤȒțȚȚȈ ǷȈȔȐȘ..
ǨȧȊșȚȐȝȈȝȒȊȈȔȗȘȐșȚȈȦ—ȐșȟȍȔȎȍ—
ș ȒȈȗȓȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ șȗȍȘȔȣ.
ǹȍȘȍȌȐȕȈ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ 21 ȋȖȌȈ

ǿȉǽǻȍǸ
I.
ǻȔȘț țȔȘț ȖȚ șȣȗȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȜȈ
Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ
ǵȐȚȖȟȒț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȐȝȖ
ǸȈȏȖȘȊȐ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȍȌț Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȕȈ ȜȘȖȕȚ
ǵȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȒțșȈȦȚ ȊȠȐ
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȒȚȖ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǫȘȖȔȒȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȉȍȏșȔȍȘȚȐȐ ȌțȠȐ
II.
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȗțȠȍȒ
ǰșȚȍȒȈȦȚ ȌȣȔȧȡȍȑșȧ șȗȍȘȔȖȑ
ȇ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ
ǫȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗ ȕȍȑ Ȗ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈ ȖȋȕȍȌȣȠȈȡȍȔ ȊțȓȒȈȕȍ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ ȋțȉ,
ǷȘȐȧȚȕȖ Ȉȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȈȚȤ
Ƕ șȒȖȘȖ șȒȖȘȖ ș ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȖȑ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ
Ǵȍȕȧ țȓȖȎțȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ȔȈȑ-ȐȦȕȤ 20 ȋȖȌȈ

³µ¹¶«´ °º¹µ
¹»³¼ °»°¶°Ã³¸
 
;=

48

ǯǼǾǶǿ ǽǳǾǳǹǳȆǶǻ

51
ǿǸȁǽǮȍ ǰǳǿǻǮ
I.
ǬȖȔȈ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖ ȒȈȗȓȧȔ ȓȤȦȚșȧ
ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ ȘțȉȐȚ
Ȑ ȒȐșȚȐ ȘțȒ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȐȝȓȧȦȚșȧ
Ȋ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȈȝ ȊȖȌȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉ
Ǫ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȈȝ ȘȎȈȊȖȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ
ȗȖȌ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ ȕȐȒȕțȚ ȗȓȍȟȐ
ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍȓȍ
Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȖȌȈ ȓȍȗȍȟȍȚ
Ǩ ȕȐȚȐ șȓȧȒȖȚȐ ȗȓȍȚțȚ
ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȐȔȖȍ ȖȒȖ
Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ Ȏȍ șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȘȧșȐȕț
ȋȓȧȎț ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈȔȐ ȌȊȖȘȖȊ
ǰ ȓȤȦșȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȗȓȍ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȈȌ ȗȍȗȓȖȔ
ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȕșȒȐȔ ȗȖȔȖȑȕȣȔ șțșȓȖȔ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȤȧ ȘțȒ ȔȖȐȝ ȏȈȚȍȗȓȐȚȤ
Ȑ ȘȍȟȐ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ
ǰ șȒȖȘȖ ȉțȌț ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȚȍȓ
ȒȘȣȓȈȔȐ ȝȓȖȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ
ȊȏȉțȝȈȑ ȒȘȍȔȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍȑ ȚȍȓȖ
Ȑ ȗțȝȖȔ ȗȓȍșȍȕȐ ȓȍȚȐ

52
II.
ǰ ȚȈ ȟȤȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȓșȧ
ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ȗȣȓȈȕȤȍȔ țȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȓȐȓȈșȤ
ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ ȘțȒț ȎȎȍȚ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ȘȖșȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ ȗȖȊȧȏȈȓȐ
ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȣ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȠȍȦ
ǵȍ ȏȈȊȐȎȎȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȎȕȍȑ
Ȑ șȍȘȣȔ șȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȐ ȗȓȐȚȣ
ȝȖȟț ȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȤȍȔ
Ȑȏ ȗȍȚȓȐ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȖȑ ȊȣȗȓȣȚȤ
ǴȖȓȐȚȍșȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȓȐșȚȒȈȔ
Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȤ ȘȈȕ ȔȖȐȝ ȞȍȓțȑȚȍ
Ȑ ȗȍșȍȕ ȎȈȓ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȑ șȊȐșȚ
ȕȈȌ ȗȓȖșȒȖȑ ȧȔȖȦ ȓȐȞȈ

53
III.
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
Ȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ȗȖȚțȝȓȐ
ȊȍșȕȈ ȗȖȔȈȌȖȑ ȖȚȍȒȓȈ
Ȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ țȋȓȧ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ ȋțȉ
ǲȈȒȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȏȓȍȑ
ȔțȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ
țȎȍ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȈȝ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȍ
ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ǰ ȚȖȡȐȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȉȍȏ ȘȍșȕȐȞ
ț ȚȖȡȐȝ șȚȍȕ ȊȖșȝȖȌ ȔȈȝȖȘȒȐ
ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ șȒțȗȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ
Ȋ ȌȣȘȧȊȖȔ ȋȈȓȐȜȍ
ǹȒțȗȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȕȍ ȌȈȑ ȐȔ ȠȍȓțȝȖȑ ȗȖȌșȖȓȕțȝȖȊ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕȐ țȎȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȘȍȎțȚ
ș ȌȍȠȍȊȣȔ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ șȐȚȍȞ
ǰ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍ ȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȣȗȤȦ
ȕȍ ȧ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ ȓțȋ
ȕȖ ȧ ȒȖȋȖ șȚȐȝȈȔȐ ȊȣȗȐȓ
Ȋ ȏȈȘȎȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ țȋȓț

54
ǻǳ ǲǮǷ
ǩȖȓȤȕȍȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ
Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȘȈȏȎȈȚȣȝ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȠȐȘȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȓȐȞ
Ȑ ȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȚ.
ǲȈȜȍ ȚȖȓȒțȟȒȐ
ȕȈȊȖȏ Ȑ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȐȑ ȍȓȤȕȐȒ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ, ȒȈȒ ȓȍș ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȐȏȎȖȋȖȑ
ȚțȌȈ ȚțȌȈ ȗȓȍȚȍȚ ȐȒȖȚț
ǫȌȍ ȕȈ șȒȘȐȗțȟȐȝ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȞȈȝ
ȕȈ ȠȒțȘȈȝ ȒȘȣș ȘȈȏȊȖȌȣ Ȑȕȍȧ
Ȑȕȣȍ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤȦ ȌȍȒȘȍȚȣ
ȗȖȓȍȑ ȕȍșȎȈȚȣȝ ȗȈțȚȐȕ.
ǩȖȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ Țȍȓ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȤȧ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȐȔ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȓȖ
ȕȍ ȌȈȑ ȐȔ ȏȈȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȐ
Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚȈ
ǰȊȖȚțȎȋȈȔ
Ȑ șȖȘ Ȑ șȐȕȤȒț ȋȓȈȏ ȘȈȏȔȈȏȈȓ
Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȔȐȓȍȑ Ȋ ȐșșȖȝȓȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ
ț ȋȓȈȏ țȓȣȉȒț ȊȣȔȍȘȏȈȚȤ

ǻǶǸǼǹǮǷ ǹǳǽǼǸ

56
ǽȓȧȉȤȦ ȝȓȐȗȒȖ ȌȍȕȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȎȐȎȍȑ ȘțȝȓȧȌȤ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȐȔȍȕȐȕȕȐȞȍȑ
ȎȍȓȚȒȈȔȐ ȊșȗțȝȕȍȚ
ǵȣȕȟȍ Ȋ ȉȍȘȍȏȕȧȒ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȓȖȝȕțȓ ȚȖșȒȖȑ
ȡțȔ ȓȐȕȧȓȣȑ Ȑ Șȍȏȕȧ
ȕȈ ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȗȈȓȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ǲȖȔț ȚȖ ȚțȠȐȚ
ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȖȋȈȘȖȒ
Ȍȕȧ țȏȍȓ ȚțȎȍ
ȗȖȊȐș Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ ȋȈȘȤȦ
Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȍȕȐ ȉȈȘȤȍȘ
șȒȈȟȒȐ ș ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ
ȓȦȉȓȦ ȊȍȚȘȖȊ ȒȈȘȤȍȘ
ȔțȚȕȖȍ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȖ
ǯȕȈȦ Ȋ șȚțȎȍ ȖȌțȊȈȕȟȐȒ
ȗțșȒȈȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȖșȍȕȤ șȚȣȕȍȚ
Ȑ ȊȖȚ șȒȖȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȑ ȒȓȐȟȍȚ
Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȔȖșȚȣ

57
ǻǳȍǿǳǻȊ
ǺȈȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȊȖȘȖȔ ȁȍȒȐ
ȚțșȒȓȖ șȍȘȍȦȚ ǺȍȕȐ ȏȈȑȞȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȐ
ȕȈ ȏȈȘȐ ȏȖȊ șȗȖȓȏȈȦȚșȧ
ǲȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȚȘȈ ȚȧȎ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȈȘȍȊȈ șȎȈȓȖșȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ț ȥȚȐȝ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȎȋȓȐ ȎțȚȤȦ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ
ǯȈȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȖ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖ șȚȈȓȤȦ
țșȚȈȓȖ ȚțȟȐ ȚȈȕȒȈȔȐ
ȕȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ
ȌȖ șȐȕȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ.

58
ǵȈȌ ȖșȊȍȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȈȓȖȔ
șȕȖȊȈ țȚȘȈ țșȚȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
Ȑ ȊȏȢȍȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋțȓ ȊȈȓȐȚ
Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ
țȓȐȞȣ ȊșȗȓȍșȒȈȔȐ.
ȁȍȉ Ȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȠȖȘȖȝ Ȑ ȗȐșȒ
ȊȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȤȦȚșȧ Ȓȓțȉȣ
Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȞȊȍȚȕȈȧ ȏȊțȟȕȈȧ ȘȖșȗȐșȤ
ȐȦȓȧ țȚȘȖ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖ

59
ǫȐȉȒȐȑ
ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȋțȌȒȈ ȏȖȊ Ȋ ȊȣșȤ
ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐ
Ȋ șȐȕȤ ȔȣșȓȤ
ǮțȎȎȈȡȍȑ șȐȘȍȕȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȡȍȓȖȒ șȖȚ
șȖȟȕȖ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ
ȚȘȈȊ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ
ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȊ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ

60
ȀțȔȕȖ Ȑ ȠțșȚȘȖ
Ȋ țȚȘȖ
ȗȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȔ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈȔ
ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒȐ
ȏȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ.
ǵȈ șȚȘȍȒȖȚȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȒȈȝ
ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȚȒȈȕȐ
ȊȤȧȊȤ Ȑȏ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ

³µ¹¶«´ °º¹µ
¹»³¼ °»°¶°Ã³¸
 ª
	


66
ǷǸǭǬǰǹǳǶǪǰǭ.
ǶȚȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔȈ
ǶȗȖȧȏ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȏȈșțȝȐ
ǪșȍȖȉȡȍȍ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȘȖȉȕȈȧ ȌȍȚȈȓȐȘȖȊȒȈ șȓȖȊȖȊȍȘȟȍȕȐȍ
șȓȖȊȖȊȣȎȐȔȈȕȐȍ, ȔȈȕȐȒȦȘ șȓȖȊȈ
ǷȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔț ȘȈȏȘȧȌț ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȍȍ Ȏȍ ȖȉȕȈȋ-
ȓȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ǵȅǷ șȢȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ
ǵȐ ȏȋȐ ȕȈ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȝ ȥșȚȘȈȌȈȝ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ
ȐȔȈȎȐȕȐșȚȖȊ.
ǲȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ ȌȖșȚȐȝȖȊȤȧ
ǰ—ȌȊȖȍ
ǩȍȏ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȖȋȖ ȔȈȕȌȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚ ș ȔȐȘȖȔ
ǩȍȏ ȊȣȊȍșȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȈȜȐȠȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȍȉȧ
ǷȖȌ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȔȈȘȒȖȑ —
ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȑȘȈȎȎȐȎ
ǬȊȖȍ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȣȠȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖ-
ȓȦȞȐȐ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍșțȡȐȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȊ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ǬȊȈ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈ ǲȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ
ǸȖȊȕȖ ȋȖȌ ș ȏȈȎȈȚȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȕȖȔȍȘ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ țȌȈȘ
ȗȖ ȖȉȏȖȘȕȖȔț ȜȘȖȕȚț
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȍȡȍ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ — ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — ȚȍȖȘȐȐ
ǵȍ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐ șȐȓȧȡȐȝșȧ ȌȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȋȘȖȏț Ȑ ȉțȘȦ ȔȈȧȒȖȊȡȐȕȈ
ǰ ȕȍ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȈȧ ȊȍȘȚȧȟȒȈ șȚȐȓȧ — șȚȐȝȐȧ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ǵȅǷ’Ȉ ȗȐȓȤȕȧȟȍșȚȊȖ-
ȗȈșȚȍȘȕȈȒȐȏȔ
ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȕȈȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍȋȘȖȏȤȍ
Ǫ ȘȍȊțȡȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȝȓȧȉȧȝ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȍȔ ȊȖȌț ȖȚ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ
— ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȈȌȐȧ ȊșȍȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȍȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȔȗȓȐȕȖȔ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȣ-
ȎȒȈ.
ȀȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȧȝ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ș ȔȐȘȖȔ
ǪȣșȖȚȈ
ǺȣșȧȟȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȤșȖȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț
ǲȖȕȚȈȒȚ"
ǭșȚȤ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ ǷȘȍȌȢȧȕȊȈȘȐȍ ǯȈȊȧȥȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ

ǯȜȞȖȟ ǽȓȞȓșȓȦȖț
ǽǾǳǲǴǶǵǻȊ

68
ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍ șȊȖȍ
ȕȍ șȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȝ
ǩȖșȖȦ țȏȒȖȦ șȚțȗȕȍȑ șȚȍȗȐ
șȓȍȌȐȔ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȣ
ǷȘȍȌȎȐȏȕȤ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȈ
ȚȖȗȚȈȚȤșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȍȚ
ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ șȓȍȗȖȍ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȤȍ
ǪȈȘȧȋȐ ȥȚȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȉȖȓȖȚȈȝ
șȟȐȚȈȍȔ ȘȈȕȕȐȍ ȟȈșȣ
ȒȈȓȐȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟțȍȔ
ǬȘțȋȐȍ Ȏȍ șȖ șȒȘȍȎȍȚȖȔ
șȗȍȠȈȚ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍȕȤ
ȚȈȔ ȚȍȕȐ ȌȍȓȧȚ
ǴȣȠȐȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȗȖȚȕȐ
ȚȈȔ șȚȈȊȧȚ ȗȖȘȚ ȚȈȔ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ
ȓȈȊȒȐ Ȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȉȍȏ ȟȐșȓȈ
Ȋ ȕȍȌțȋȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ
ǩȘȖȌȧȚ ȗȖ șȖȓȍȕȣȔ ȓțȎȈȔ,
ȋȌȍ Ȏ Ȋ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȓȉȖȔ țȚȒȕțȚșȧ
ȘȈȌȣ ȘțȒȖȗȈȠȕȖȑ ȗȓȧșȒȖȑ
ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȕȣ ȘȈȕȣ
ǵȖ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȓȖ Ȑ ȞȊȍȓȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȌȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ
Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȚȈȧȓȖ ȒȈȒ șȈȝȈȘ
șȚȈȓȖ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ǻȎȍ ȗȍșȖȒ șȚȈȘȐȒ
țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
ȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȔȖȍ
șȍȌȍȑȚȍ
ǳȣșȍȍȚ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȕȈ ȏȓȖ ȐȔ,
ȐȔ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȈȒȚțșȖȔ ȕȍȔȖȑ

ȉȍȏȌȖȓȤ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ șȖȓȍȕȣȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ
Ȉ ȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȖȉȍȘȕțșȤ
ǰȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȌȖȔȍȒ
ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȗȍșȒȐ Ȓ ȊȖȌȈȔ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȐ
ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȋȌȍ ȉȖȒȖȔ
ȒțȌȈ șȒȓȖȕȧȍȚ Ȑȝ ȉȍȋțȚ
ǲȓȈȌțȚ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȗțȚȐ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȋȌȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ Ȑȝ
șȗȍȠȈȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǹȐȘȐȦ
ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȚȤ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ
ǶȕȐ șȔȍȠȕȍȑ Ȉ Ȕȣ șțȘȖȊȍȑ
ǵȖ ȕȍȟȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈȊȍȕ
ǰ ȉȖȓȤ țȠȐȉȖȒ ȚȍȘȗȒȈȧ
ȍȌȊȈ ȒȚȖ ȊȏȈȌ ȖȋȓȧȕȍȚ
ǺțȌȈ ȋȌȍ șȉȍȎȈȓȐșȧ ȋȖȌȈ
ȋȖȌȣ șȉȐȚȣȍ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ.
ǺȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
șȚȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ
ǲȘȖȊȤȦ ȌȈȓȤ ȏȈȔȖȟȍȕȈ
ȕȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȏȓȖȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȖȔ
ǹȊȍȎȍȍ ȊȍȚȘȣ ȚȧȕțȚ
Ȋ țȏȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ
ǬȈȓȤ Ȑȝ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȒȖȔț ȌȈȕȖ ȋȕȐȚȤ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȌȍșȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȚȤ
ȚȣșȧȟȍȊȍȘșȚȤȍȔ ȕȍȉȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ
ǺȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ
ȖȌȕȈ ȒȓȖȒȖȟțȡȈȧ ȒȖșȕȖȧȏȣȟȤ —
ȔȐȔȖ țȠȍȑ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ șȗȈȌȈȍȚ
Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ
ǫȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ
ȊȐȎț ȘȈȑ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȝ
ȉȘȍȌțȚ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗțȚȐ
Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȚ Ȑȝ
Ȗȍ Ȑ Ȗȍ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ

ǻȖȘȜșȎȗ ǹȓȝȜȘ
ǲǶǮǹǳǸȀǶǸǮ ǿǳǱǼǲǻȍ

71
ǷțșȚȤ Ȋ șȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȘțȉȐȡȈȝ ȍȡȍ
Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȘȖȏȒȈȝ ȒȘȈȧ Ȍȕȍȑ
șȒȖȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȦ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȖȐȓȖ
ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȗȈȕȍȓȐ ȗȓȍȕ Ȑ ȓȍȕȤ
ǹȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔțȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȖȔ
ȉȖȍȕ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȑ ȓȐȞ
ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȕȈȌȊȖȍ ȒȖȔ
ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ țȚȘȈ șȍȘȣȔ ȔȟȐȚșȧ
ǵȐ ȏȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ Ȋ ȋțȓȍ
ǺȘȍȊȖȋ ȔȍȚȕțȊ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ
ȓȍȋȓȐ ȊȖȕ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȍ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȐ
șȐȘȍȕȣ ȘȧȊȒ ȕȐȟȒȖȔ Ȋ ȗȈȕȍȓȤ
Ȑ — Ȋ șȐȕȤ Ȗȉ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȉȖȒȈ
Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ ȒȘȐȒ ȋȓȈȏȈ.
Ǩ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ
ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȦȚșȧ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȣ
ȚȖ ȚȍȕȤȦ țȓȐȞȣ Ȟȍȓțȧ
Ȑ ȚȖȟȤ Ȋ ȚȖȟȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȖ.
Ǩ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȠțȔȕȖ Ȑ ȖȏȖȘȕȖ
Ȑ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
Ȉ ȋțȓȣ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖ ȋȘȖȏȕȖ
ȕȈȌ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȋȖȟțȚ ȓțȋȖȔ
Ǩ ȏȈ ȖȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȚȘțȉ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ
Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ ȚȈȔ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȈ
ȚȈȔ Ȋ șȍȓȈȝ ȚțȕȌȘȈȝ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ
ǰ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȈȔ Ȋ ȔȐȋ ȊȍșȕȈ
ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȊ șȟȍȚ
Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ ȔȐȋȈȧ
ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
ǵȖ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȖ
ȚȖ ȞȍȓȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘț ȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȕȈȎȐȊȍ,
șȞȍȗȐȓȐșȤ ȞȍȓȐ ȓȐȞȈ Ȋ ȞȍȗȤ
Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ ȕȍțȔȖȓȐȔȖȔ ȊȣȎȐȚȤ

ǰ ȕȣȕȟȍ Ȓ ȕȖȟȐ ȧ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ȌȕȦ ȌȈȕȤ Ȍȍȓ ȌțȔ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȐ
Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȦ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟț ȓȤ
șȣȚȣȍ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȋȖȌȈ
ǰ Ȋ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖȔ ȠȖȘȖȝȍ
șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȖȟȒȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȖȑ
Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ Ȑ ȔȐȘȈ ȔȖȑ ȌȍȊȐȏ
ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȔȍȘȐȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
Ȑ ȗȍȠȐȍ ȓȦȉțȦ ȊȣșȤ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȒȓȧȒșȈȔȐ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ
șȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȣȝȓțȦ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȔȧȒȐȕț
ȕȈȌ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȍȓȤȦ
ȏȖȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȧȡȐȑșȧ ȒȐȕȍȔ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȘȖȎȤ șȘȍȎȍȔ
ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ șȐȕȐȔ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȖȊȤȍȔ
ȉȈȘȝȈȚȖȔ Țțȟ ȕȍȉȖ ȗȖȕȍȎȐȊ,
ȐȦȓȧ Ȍțȋț ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȍȘȍȋȕȍȔ
ǫȌȍ ȡȍȓȒ ȉȐȟȈ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȗȖșȊȐșȚ
ȉȖȒȈ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȓȧȕȍȚ
Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȕȧȓȣȑ ȒȓȍȕȈ ȓȐșȚ
ș ȚȖșȒȖȦ ȌȘțȎȐȚ șȒȓȧȒȖȚȤȦ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ șȕȍȋȈȔȐ șȣȗȈȚȤșȧ
ȗțȠȐșȚȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȒȘȣȠȐ
Ȋ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȊȋȘȣȏȈȚȤșȧ șȐȕȐ
Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉ ȋȖȘȍȕȤȍȔ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȘȈȠȍ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȔȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ
ȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ș ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ
ȕȈ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȔ ȗțȘȋȈȔ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ 1922 ȋ

ǸǻǶǱǶ ȂȁǶǿȀǼǰ
ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȐ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ Ȑ ǨǳǭǲǹǨǵǬǸ ǸǨǲǰǺǵǰǲǶǪ — Ǩ ǹȚȐȝȐ).
ǵǰǲǶǳǨǱ ǳǭǷǶǲ Ȑ ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ ǹȚȐȝȐ
ǪȣȠȓȐ ȐȏȗȍȟȈȚȐ:
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ ǹȚȐȝȐ).
ǵǰǲǶǳǨǱ ǳǭǷǶǲ Ȑ ǩǶǸǰǹ ǟǟǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǷȖȥȔȣ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǵǭǹǴǭǳǶǪ — ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ. (ǷȖȥȔȈ).
ǷȍȟȈȚȈȦȚșȧ:
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǬȣȔ ȕȈȌ ǹȚȐȝȐ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — 23 ȋȖȌȈ ȐșȒȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȊȖȏ-
ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ǼțȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ.
ǵǰǲǶǳǨǱ ǳǭǷǶǲ — Ǫ ȕȍȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȔȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ (ǹȚȐȝȐ).
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǵǭǹǴǭǳǶǪ — ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǺȘȐ ȌȖȓȖȧ
ǨǳǭǲǹǨǵǬǸ ǸǨǲǰǺǵǰǲǶǪ — ǩȐȍȕȐȧ ȗȓȖȚȐ ǹȚȐȝȐ).

¹»³¼ °»°¶°Ã³¸
§ 
	


76
ǰǺǳǿȀǼ ǽǾǳǲǶǿǹǼǰǶȍ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊț
ǩȖȘȤȉȈ șȖ șȚȐȝȐȍȑ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖȑ — ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ șȖ șȚȐȝȐȍȑ ȊȖȌȕȖȑ ǴȈș-
ȚȍȘț ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖșȓȖȊȍșȕȣȝ ȗȓȖȚȐȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘț ȗȓȖȚȐȕ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȧȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ țșȚȈȓȐ ǺȡȍȚȍȕ șȖȕ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ ȉȣȚȐȍ ț ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȗțȟȐȕȣ ǰ ȚȡȍȚȕȣ țșȐȓȐȧ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȚȤ ȗȓȖȊț-
ȟțȦ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȔȣșȓȐ ǹȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȐȝȐȧ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ǽȓȍȡȍȚ Ȋ ȖȉȊȍȚȠȈȓȣȍ ȖȋȘȈȌȣ șȚȐȝȈ ǸțȠȐȚ
oȗȖȘȣ, ȐșȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȐȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǷȖȚȖȗ
ǵȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȗȍșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȝȉȌȍȕȐȍȔȓȐșȚȈȐȊȓȈȋȐǹȚȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ șȚȣȌȐȔșȧ
șȊȖȍȋȖȘȍȔȍșȓȈ
ǴțȚȕȈȧ șȚȘțȧ Ȋ ȈȘȣȒȈȝ Ȑȏ ȈȘȣȒȖȊ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒȐ-ȟȐȓȐȔȣ Ȑȏ ȟȐȓȐȔȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ Ǫ ȗȈȓȧȡȍȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ȓȍȌȧȕțȦ ǵȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȗȒȐȝ
ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ Ȕȣ ȊȊȍȘȐȓȐșȤ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȔ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȔ ȒțȔȐȘȈȔ ș ȘȈșȒȖșȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȕșȒȐȔȐ ȘȖȎȒȈȔȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȕȣ — ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȡȐȍ ȡȍȗȖȚȒț ȓȈȌȈȕȈ ȠȈȘȐȒ ǳȐȊȈȕȈ ȒȈȗ-
ȓȦ șȔȐȘȕȣ Ǵȣ șȈȔȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȟțȎȍȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ Ǭȓȧ
ȕȈș ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ șȚȍȗȐ ȏȈȕȣȓȐ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȐȏȘȈȏȞȖȊ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ — ȊȍȚȘȣ Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȐ — ǹȈȔȈȘȒȈȕȌȈ
ǷțșȚȤ ȕȍ șȍȚțȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ǴȖșȒȖȊȐȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȧȊȕȖȑ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȏȈșțȝȐ Ȕȣ — ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ — ȊșȍȘȤȍȏ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȔ
ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȎȎȐȎȈ.
ǰ ȕȍ Ȓ Ȉ ȖȚ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȊ ǨȏȐȐ ș ȐșȗȍȗȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȚȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
ǷȘȍȌȢȧȕȊȈȘȐȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ

ǯǳǹȊǺǮ ǿǮǹǮǾǮ

78
ǹȚȈȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȕȣȝ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȝ.
ǬȘȍȔȖȚȈ țȚȘȈ — ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ
ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȟȈȑ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȈȕȈȠȐȑȕȣȍ șȈȌȐȒȐ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ
Ǩ ȘȖȏȣ Ȗ ȝțȌȣȝ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȑȕȣȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ
ȖșȒȈȓȍ ȏțȉȖȊ ț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȒțȘȒȈ
Ȑ ȚȈ ȟȤȦ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎț ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȐ
țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȍȟȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȝȓȣȝ ȈȘȣȒȈȝ.
ǻȚȘȖ — ȌȈȑ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ
ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȜȍ ș ȓȐȔȖȕȕȖȑ ȥșșȍȕȞȐȍȑ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ — ȊȣșȚțȗȐ șȚȍȉȓȧȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȞȈ
ȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȣ ǿȈȔȋȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘ —
Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȈȓȤȧȕȈ ȘȖșȐȕȒȐ ȓȤȌȐȕ.
ǸȖșȈ — ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ
ǵȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȊȠȍȔ ȟȍȓȍ
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ ȋȈșȕțȡȐȍ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȗțȓȍ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ ȊȣȗȐȚ ȚȊȖȑ șȊȍȎȐȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȘȖȚ
Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȎțȒȐ țȎȍ țȉȍȎȈȓȐ,
Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ — ȉȍȓȣȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȉțȌȧȋȐ
ȒȈȒ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ț ȊȐșȒȈ

79
Ǫ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧȝ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȘț
ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȟȐȕȈȘ ȒȈȟȈȕȤȍ
ȚȖȡțȦ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌțȍȚ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȗȍȗȓȖȔ ȋțȉ
Ƿȍȗȍȓ șȍȌȣȝ ȋțȉ
ȘȖȚ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚ țșȔȍȠȒȈ
ǪȣșȖȝȓȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȒȈȒ ȓțȎȐ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȐ țȠȓȐ
ǫȖȘȟȍ ȓȈȒȈȕȤȍ ȈȘȣȒȖȊ —
ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ
ǹȖȚȕȐ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȕȧȓȐ
ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞ
ȋȖȓȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȟȍȓțȑ
ǻȚȘȖ ȝȘȖȔȖȑ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘ
ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȊȐȚțȝȈ.
Ǫ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȤȍ
ǫȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȡȍȒ Ȑ ȕȖșȖȊ

80
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȜȣȘȒȈȦȡȐȑ ǹȈȓȈȘ
ȔțȚȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȤȔȈ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȊȣȒȈȚȣȊȈȓ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȋȖȕȧȓ ȕȈș ȌȖȎȌȤ
ȗȖȌ ȌȣȘȧȊȣȍ ȒȘȣȠȐ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȍ.
Ǵȣ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȗȍȘșȐȒȖȊ
ȕȈ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȌȣȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȓȐȞȈ
ȕȈ ȔțșȖȘȍ șȈȘȚșȒȐȝ ȓȈȊȖȒ
Ǭȓȧ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ — ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ
șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȖȉȓȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȔȍșȐȊȖ țȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȍȍ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ
Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȉțȘȓȧȡȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțȉȒȈ
ǯȈ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏ
Ȑ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȗȖȌȕȍșȐ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȋțȉȈȔ
ȖȗȤȧȕȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȧ
ǰ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȠțȘȠȈȡȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȌȐȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȈȘȉ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȟȐȒȐ ș ȈȘȠȐȕȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȑȍȘȈȔȐ ȕȈȏȈȌȐ
ȌțȠȐȓȐ ȧ-ȉȓȖ-ȟȒȖȔ Ȑ ȠȈ-ȘȈȉȈȕȖȔ
ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȓȐȗȒȐȑ Ȑ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȟȔȖȒȈȓ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖȔȐȌȖȘȖȊ
șȒȖȘȖ Ȓ țȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȏȈȗȈȝț ȌȣȕȤ
ȗȘȐȔȍȠȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȈ
ǶȌȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ,
țȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȊȒțșȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ
Ȑ ȚȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȕȖȋȚȐ ȕȈ ȌȍȠȍȊȣȝ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȘȈșȒȈȓȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ
Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȝ ȧȉȓȖȒ

81
ǷȍȘȍȌȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ȔȖȘȍȑ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ
ȒȈȒȖȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ȘȈșȟȍșȣȊȈȓ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ
ǷȍșȒȈȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȧș ȊȍȚȝȐȑ ǴȍȘȊ
Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȍȚ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ
ȗȍșȟȐȕ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȚȣȓȖșȚȤ,
șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ȏȊȖȕ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȟȈȝȓȣȍ ȚȘȖȗȣ
ȉȖșȖȑ ȚțȘȒȔȍȕ
ȕȈ țȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȚȐȠȐȕț
ȒȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȊȣșȖȝȠȐȔȐ ȘȚȈȔȐ.
Ǩ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȘȈȕȣ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ țȚȘȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈ;
Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȊȐșȓȐ
Ƿȍȗȍȓ ȏȊȍȏȌ
șȖȓȍȕȣȑ șȈȊȈȕ
ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȣ ȟȍȘȚȣ
ȗȘȖȟȚȍȚ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ ȓȖȉ ȕȈȔȖȘȡȐȊ
ǴțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȊȣșȖȝȠȐȝ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ
ȓȐȞȖȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ
ȡȍȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔț ȗȍșȒț,
ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȐȠȈȒȈ

ǸǻǶǱǶ ȂȁǶǿȀǼǰ
ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȐ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ Ȑ ǨǳǭǲǹǨǵǬǸ ǸǨǲǰǺǵǰǲǶǪ — Ǩ ǹȚȐȝȐ).
ǵǰǲǶǳǨǱ ǳǭǷǶǲ Ȑ ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ ǹȚȐȝȐ
ǪȣȠȓȐ ȐȏȗȍȟȈȚȐ:
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ ǹȚȐȝȐ).
ǵǰǲǶǳǨǱ ǳǭǷǶǲ Ȑ ǩǶǸǰǹ ǟǟǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǷȖȥȔȣ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǵǭǹǴǭǳǶǪ — ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ. (ǷȖȥȔȈ).
ǷȍȟȈȚȈȦȚșȧ:
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — ǬȣȔ ȕȈȌ ǹȚȐȝȐ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǷǭǸǭǳǭȀǰǵ — 23 ȋȖȌȈ ȐșȒȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȊȖȏ-
ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ǼțȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ.
ǵǰǲǶǳǨǱ ǳǭǷǶǲ — Ǫ ȕȍȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȔȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ (ǹȚȐȝȐ).
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǵǭǹǴǭǳǶǪ — ǳȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȧ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖșȚȐ ǼțȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ
ǩǶǸǰǹ ǵǭǹǴǭǳǶǪ — ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǺȘȐ ȌȖȓȖȧ
ǨǳǭǲǹǨǵǬǸ ǸǨǲǰǺǵǰǲǶǪ — ǩȐȍȕȐȧ ȗȓȖȚȐ ǹȚȐȝȐ).

¹»³¼ °¼·°¶¹
§ ¢
	


85
ǽǾǳǲǶǿǹǼǰǶǳ
ǳȍȋȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȐȔ ǷțȠȒȐȕȣȔ
«ǻȊȐȎț ȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȍțȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ
Ȑ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ ȗȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȖ ȔȈȕȐȦ ȞȈȘȧ»!!
ǹȖȘȖȒ ȓȍȚ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȖȑ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ-
șȚȒȈ
«ǸȖșșȐȧ ȊșȗȘȧȕȍȚ ȖȚȖ șȕȈ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȝ șȈȔȖȊȓȈșȚȤȧ
ȕȈȗȐȠȍȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ».
ǰ ȚȘȐ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȍșȚȊȐȧ «ǨȊȘȖȘȣ» — ȔȍșșȐȐ Ȋ 6 000 ȚȖȕȕ
Ǫ ;,; șȚȖȓȍȚȐȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȓ ȧȔȉȈȔ
șȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȍ ȔȖșȚȣ Ȑ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȣ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǺȘȈȋȍȌȐȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȍȋȖ țȚȖȗȐȦ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ©ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȑª ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȈȚ ȖȚ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ.
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȚȟȍȚ ȏȈ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ «ȘțȘșȒȖȑ ȖȒȒțȗȈȞȐȍȑ».
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȜȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒț ȏȈȚȔȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕȈȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ǷțȈȕȒȈȘȥȐ"
ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȌțȦȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ țȕȣȓȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȜȐ-
ȒȈȞȐȐ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ
Ǫ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈȔȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȈȌȈȊȓȍȕ ȡȍȕȖȒ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐǯȈțȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȌȖȞȍȕȚȣ Ȋ ȗȖȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȍȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȖȍ ȎȈȓȖȊȈ-
ȕȤȍ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȦȚ ȎȐȊțȦ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ
ȊȖȌț ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖ ȟȚȖ
ǺȘȍȝȓȍȚȕȐȍ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȒȖȘȌȈȔȐ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ
ǵȖ ȗȖȥȚ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ
ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ
«ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ș ȗȘȐȊȍȚȖȔ»
— ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ǼȍȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȍ

86
ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ «ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ» ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȀȚȍȑȕȈȝȖȊ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȓȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȘȍȒȓȈȔț ȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȔșȧ
ǲȘțȋȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȘțȒȈ — ȏȈȒȖȕ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȖȊ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȈ ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȘț-
ȏȤȧȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȈȊȚȖȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍȔ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȔȖȓȖȌ-
ȞȈȔ «ș ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ»:
— ǬțȘȈȟȤȍ ǰ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ
4-II-23
ǩȖȘȐș ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ

ǾǼǲǶȀȊ ǺȁǴȅǶǻǮǺ
ǽȜȫȚȎ

88
I.
ǺȈȒ țȔȐȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-ȌȍȚșȒȐ
ȌȐȊȐȔșȧ ȘȈȌȐȦ ǲȦȘȐ
ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȐȑ
Ȋ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈȝ ȊȖȓȐȚȤ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǹȚȐȝȐ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȚȍȖȘȐȑ
ȅȑȕȠȚȍȑȕȣ ǩȘȦșȖȊȣ — Ȋ ȗȖȚț
ǹțȌȈ ȒȈȟȈȍȚ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȘȍ
Ȑ ȒȘȈȕȈȔ ȒȈȚȖȘȋȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚț
ǩȍȏȌȖȕȕȣ țȏȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȣ
ǪȣȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȑ ȉȖȓȊȈȕ
— ǹȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ" ǯȈȒȖȓȖȚȤșȧ"
— ȒȈȒ șȊȍȘȓȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
ǰ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȠȖȘȈȝ
ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȝ
— ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȉ ȘȖȌȐȚȤ
ǶȚ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈ ǨȊȘȈȈȔȈ
Ȑ ȌȖ ǬȈȊȐȌȈ ǩțȘȓȦȒȈ
ȈȓȟȉȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȘȈȊȕȖ țȗȘȧȔȈ
ȕȍțȚȖȓȐȔȈ Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȈ
ǰ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖ
ȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
ȌȊțȗȖȓȖȋȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȜȘȖȌȐȚȈ
ȌȘȈȏȕȧȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ
II
ǹȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȖȋȖ
ȘțȎȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȊȒȈ —
Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ǲȖȓȤȞȖȊȈ
ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȕȧȧ ȚȖșȒȈ

89
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
— ȗȖ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒȍ
Ȋ țȟȍȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ǹȖȓȐȌȕȖșȚȤ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ
ȕȈȔȖȘȡȈșȤ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ — ǵȖ
Ǩ ȧ — ȒȈȒ ȚȖȕțȡȐȑ «ǺȐȚȈȕȐȒ»:
— ǽȖȟț ȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȝȖȟț ȌȈȊȕȖ —
ǹ ȕȈȒȘȍȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ
ȗȖȓȚȖȕȕȣ țȎȈșȈ ȔȍȚȕțȚȤ
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȉȘȈȚȖȘ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘșȒȈȧ ȕțȌȤ
ǷțșȚȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖșȚȤ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ — ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒ"
Ǩ ȧ — ȖȚȊȈȎȕȖ Ȑ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ
— ǺȍȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȈ —
ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȣȠȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
ȒțȔȐȘȖȔ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ
ȕȈȊȍȒȐ șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍșȤ Ȋȣ —
ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕȍȚ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ
Ȉ ȧ — ȍȡȍ ȍȡȍ ȍȡȍ
ǰ ȊȖȚ — Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ
țȎȍ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕ
ȇ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȤȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȜȖȘȔȣ
Ȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ — ȕȈ șȚȖȓ
ǲȖȓȦȟȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȈ
ǴȐȕțȚȈ șțȚȒȐ ȐȓȐ 100?
ǷȓȈȊțȟȐȔ ȌȖȒȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ
ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȖ ȗȍȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȘȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȕț Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ ȒȘȍșȍȓ
ȔȖȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȖȚȔȍȘȧȚȤ
ǴȖȕȖȗȖȓȐșȚȒȈȔ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ
șȓȖȔȈȦȚ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȘțȒ

90
Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ
ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ ȊȣȌțȔȡȐȒ ǩțȘȓȦȒ
ǫȈȌȈȚȤ ș ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ
ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ șȣȕ" ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖȟȤ"
ǿȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȥȔȣ ǰȓȐ ȟȐȕȕȖ
ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǶȚ ȒȘȐȒȈ — ȕȈȌȖȘȊțȚșȧ ȘȈȌȐȖ
ȟȍȘȕȣ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ
ǰ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȔȐ ȕȍ șȓȈȌȧȚ
ȒȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑșȒȐȍ ȗȖșȚȣ
ǲȖȓȤȞȖȊȣȔ ȗȍȘȍșȈȌȒȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ
ș țȔȈ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȈ șȊȍȌȍȕȈ
Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ — ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ
Ȑ ȚȘțȌȖȊȣȍ ȖȘȌȍȕȈ
Ǫ ǹȖȘȉȖȕȕȈȝ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌȈȝ ǰȍȕȈȝ
ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȗȕ
ǭȔț ȏȈȊȐȌțȍȚ șȈȔ ȀȚȍȑȕȈȝ
Ȑ ȊȘȐȌ ǰǴȍȟȕȐȒȖȊȈ — ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ
ǿȍȘȍȏ 9 ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ șȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ ȧ"
— ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ ȔȧșȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ —
ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȧ
ǪșȒȖȘȔȓȦ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȡț ȕȈ șȓȈȊț
Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȟȐȕ
ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ țȎȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚ
ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȍȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
III
ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȘȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ
ȕȍ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȎȍȕȈȔ
ǯȈ șȣȕȖȔ ȌȖȟȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ șȣȕȈ —
țȘȖȒ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȚȊȍȘȎȍȕ

91
ǷțșȚȤ ȐȌȐȖȚȣ ȔȐȚȐȕȋțȦȚ
Ȗ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȐȐ ȗȖȓȖȊ
ǵȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ
ǵȐȕȖȕ ǳȈȕȒȓȖ
ǵȈȔ ȗȐȖȕȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ǲȖȓțȔȉȈȔ
ȕȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȔȐȘȖȊ —
ȕȍȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȠțȔ ȉȣ
ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȍȚȘȖȊ
ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ
Ȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȘȏȖșȚȤȦ ȌȣȠȈ
ȏȈȟȕț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖȗȖȚ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ — ȗȓȈȕȍȚȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ
ǯȈ ȈȒțȠȍȘȖȊ — ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȣ
ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝ
ǶȘȉȐȚț" — ǪȣȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ — ȚȖȔȣ
Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȓțȕȣ — șȊȍȚȓȖ
ǿȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȖȥȚȈȔ
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȔ —
șțȝȐȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ
Ȕȣ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȖȌȈȘȐȔ
ǲȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ șȓȈȡȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȍȍ
șȚȈȘȍȦȡȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǲȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ ȏȈȘȍȦȚ —
ȗȐȓȖȚȈȔ ȖȉȖȔȓȍȚȤ
ǺȘȐȚȖȕ ȞȍȕȚȈȊȘȣ Ȑ ȞȐȒȓȖȗȣ
șȐȘȍȕȣ Ȑ șȈȚȐȘȣ
Ȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ǻȚȖȗȐȑ —
Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘ
ǵȍ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ Ȑ ȓțȊȘșȒȐȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ
ǪȍȕȍȘ Ȑ ǬȎȐȖȒȖȕȌ —
ȉȖȋȐȕȐ Ȑ ȔȈȌȖȕȕȣ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȈȝ
Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȕȣ ȕȈțȟȐȔ
ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȑ

Ȉ ȐȕȒțȉȈȚȖȘȈȔ ȗȖȘțȟȐȔ
ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ

¹»³¼ °¼·°¶¹
  ª

94
ǷȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȖȉțȊȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȣȓȤȦ
ǯȍȔȕȣȝ ȉȍȏȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖȦ ȊȍȍȚ ȉȣȓȤȦ
Ǫ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ
ǮȍșȚȖȒȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȣ
ǵȈȌȍȎȌ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ
Ǩ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ — ȠȍȗȟțȚ ȚȘȈȊȣ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȐȚȚȐ" ǲțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ"
Ǩȝ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȘȈȊȈȝ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ
Ǫ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȖȕțȚȤ
ǾȊȍȚȣ ȞȍȓțȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȐȞȈ
ǹȒȓȖȕȧȦȚ ȊȍȕȟȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǻșȕțȚȤ ǻșȕțȚȤ Ǵȣ ȚȈȒ țșȚȈȓȐ
ǰȌȚȐ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ
ǰ — ȗțșȚȤ ȏȖȊțȚ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȌȈȓȐ
ǽȖȚȧȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȊȖȘȖȎȐȚȤ —
ǹȊȍȎȐ Ȑ ȎȋțȟȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȈȕȣ
Ǩ ȕȈȠȈ ȖȉțȊȤ — Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȗȣȓȐ
ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȔ Ȋ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȚțȔȈȕȣ
Ǫ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȖ-ȓȈșȒȖȊȖȑ ȌȈȓȐ
Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȘȈȎ
ǰ ȏȈ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ — șȕȖȊȈ ȌȈȓȤ
ǸȈȊȕȐȕȈ ȗȣȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȚȈ Ȏȍ
ǰ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ

95
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ-ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚȒȐ
Ǩ ȚȍȕȤ ȘȍșȕȐȞ ȕȈ ȉȘȖȕȏȍ ȡȍȒ
ǳȐȓȖȊȈ ǫȖȓȖș șȚȘȈȕȕȖ-ȕȐȏȒȐȑ
ǰ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȍȕ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋ
— Ǫȣ — ȒȈȒ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȍȓȤȍȜ
ǵȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȈ —
ǵȖ ȎȍșȚȒȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȑ ȓȍȊȣȑ
— ǵȈ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕț ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊ —
ǰ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȚȘȐȉțȕȈȓȈ
ǶȚȌȈȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȈȓȈȟȈȔ
ȇ Țț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȖȕȈȓȈ
Ǫ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȍ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ
ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȕȍ țȚȈȦ —
ǿȚȖ șȚȈȓȤ ȏȊȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ
ǰ ȕȈȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȏȍ ȥȠȈȜȖȚȖȔ
ǻȉȤȍȚ Ȑ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȑ șțȌȤȦ
Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȈȏȕȐ
ǷȖȑȌț ȓȐȒțȦȡȐȑ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ
ǵȈ ȓȦȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȘȕȈȊȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ
ǷȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȣȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȍȑ

— ǲ ȖȘțȎȐȦ: — ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȓȈ ǴȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏȈ
Ǫȍșȍȕȕȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǰ Ȋȣ — ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ Ȑ ȆȓȐȑ ǾȍȏȈȘȤ —
ǵȍȎȌȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ — ȗȘȐȠȓȐ
ǰ ș ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȍȏȌȍ — Ȋ ȉȈȏȈȘȕȖȔ ȋțȓȍ
Ǫ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȌȘȍȔȓȍȚ ȗȖȓțȔȋȓȈ
ǵȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȏȕȖȑ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȍ țȓȐȞ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȧȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ — ȌȊȖȑȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȓȈȏ
ǰ — ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȕȐȑ —
ǳȐȠȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ șțȘȖȊ —
ǷȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ȊȣȉȐȚ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȊȖȕȞȍ ȗȖȓȌȕȍȑ
ǵȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȍ ȕȖȟȍȑ Ȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȊ

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µ ~¢°½Æ»°· ¿¹¸°½³Â°¼µ³· »¹·«¸«·
 »¾Â°¸ÆÀ

98
«ǻȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ» Ǩ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ Ȗ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȍ ǪȈȕȤȒȍ-ǲȈȐȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖșȖȉȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȔȈ-
șȚȍȘȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧȘȒȈȧ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍȚȐȒț ȕȈ ȏȊțȒ ǸȖȔȈȕ ȊȖȍȚ Ȑ
șȚȖȕȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȏȊȍȘȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ ȋȍȘȖȑ
ȉȘȖșȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞț
— ǶȖ-ț țț-Ȉ Ȗ-Ȗ-ȣ ȣ ț-ț-ț-ț ǪȖȚ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȏȊțȒȖȘȧȌ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȈ-
ȘȖșȚȈȕȐȍ ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȋȓȈșȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȝȘȧȒ Ȋ ȋȘȖȔ
ȅȚȈ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȈȧ ȜȖȕȍȚȐȒȈ țȓȖȎȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȋ ȏȈțȔȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠțȦ ȏȈțȔȤ ȐȉȖ ȉȓȈȚ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȤȍ ȈȘȋȖ Ȑșȗȍȡ-
ȘȧȦȡȍȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ — ȥȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȜȖȓȤȒȓȖȘ ȕȍ ȉȣȚ ȕȍ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚ
ȕȍ ȉȈȉȍȓȍȊȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȒțȗȘȐȕșȒȐȍ ȒȐȍȊșȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȒȐ ȅȚȖ — ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȈȧ ȏȈțȔȤ Ȑ
ȍȦ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ șȓȖȊȈȘȐȒ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȒȘțȟȍȕȣȝȖȊșȒȐȝ ȏȈțȔȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ
ȔȍȎȌȖȔȍȚȐȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ șȓȖȊȈȘȐȒ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȝ ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȊ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȚȈ ȦȎȕȖ-ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȌȐȈ-
ȓȍȒȚȖȊ șȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ǬȖșȚȖȍȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǷțȋȈȟȍȊȈ — ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ ȟȚȍȕȐȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ șȔȣșȓȖȊȖȍ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȈțȔȕȖ-ȕȍȏȈțȔȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ ǪȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȍȚșȧ ȏȊț-
ȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȞȍȓȖșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȟȕȣȔ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȘȏȒȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȍȔ ȏȈțȔȕȐȒȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȑ
șȊȧȏȐ ș ȚȍȔ ȕȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ ǸȖȔȈȕȍ.
ǶșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ ȟȐșȚȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȏȊțȒȖȗȐșȤȦ ©ǪȈȕȤȒȈ-ǲȈȐȕ Ȑ ǹȖȕȤȒȈ-ǴȈȕȐ-
ȒȦȘȡȐȞȈ» ȍșȚȤ ȘȖȔȈȕ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȊȍȡȤ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ șȦȎȍȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ — ȜȈȉțȓȤȕȈȧ ȅȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ
ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȈȘȖȌȐȑȕȣȑ («ǷȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȉȖȑ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǿțȘȒȐȕȈ» ȘȖȔȈȕ ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȊȈȓȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȐȌȐȖȚȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȊȖȗȧȚ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȈȔȈȚȐȏȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȔ ȏȊțȒȖȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȅȚȖ
ț ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ-ȚȖ ǭșȚȤ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȊȏȊȣȚȤ țȏȒȖȓȖȉȣȔ «ȋțȕȧȊȣȔ ȕȈȟȚȦȘȤȔȈȒȈȔ» ȖȚ
ȗȖȥȏȐȐ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȚȢȍȔȓȍȔȖȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȚȖȎȍ-ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ —
ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȓȍȟȐȔȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
șȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ șȈȔȖȞȍȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȔ șȖȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȍ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȞȍȓȍȔȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ
Ǩ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȘȖȔȈȕț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȦ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȏȈșȚȍȕȒȖȊ
șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȔȐ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ țȋȓȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȠȐȗȖȔ ǲȖȋȈȕȖȊ-ǸȖȋȈȟȍȊșȒȐȝ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ Ȋ ȊȖȓȤȕȐȞț
— ȕȈ ǪȖ-Ȗ-Ȗ-ȓȋț —

ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȥȗȖșȈ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚ ȞȐȒȓ ȗȖȥȔ «ǰȖȋȈȕȕ ǷȘȖȚȍȏȈ»,
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȘțȉȒȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ǰ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȠȕȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȠȍȗȍȓȧȊȣȍ șȖȊȍȚȣ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝț
— «Ǩ ȠȚȖȉ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȠȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ"»
ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝȈ ș ǷțȠȒȐȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȍ ț ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚȈ ȕȈ ǹȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖȑ Ȉ Ȋ țȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȔȈșșȈȔȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȈțȔȕȐȒȈ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȐ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȓȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȖȉȍȘȔȈȕ-ȜȘȐȟȍȑ
ǩȖȘȐș ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ
ǹȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ 

¹»³¼ °»°¶°Ã³¸
 

102
ǽǼ ǲǰȁǺ ǻǮǽǾǮǰǹǳǻǶȍǺ
Ǫ ȔȈȘȚȍ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȤșȖȚ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȘȖșȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȐȉȣ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȋȖȕ ȕȖ Ȋ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘșȒȐȝ ȒȖȒȈȘȌȈȝ ȠȓȧȓȐșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȘțȋȈȧ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ǯȈ șȚȖȓȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ șȚȍșȕȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȊȘȖȌȍ
— ǪȣșȚțȗȈȍȔ Ȋ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ"
— ǶȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȔȍȕȧȚ
— Ǩ ț ȕȈș ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȣȑ șȔȖȚȘ
ǶȜȐȞȐȈȕȚȣ ȓȤșȚȐȊȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȈȉȘȍȌȠȐȑ
Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȓȣȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȊ
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ǿȘȍȏȊȣ-
ȟȈȑȕȣȔ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȧȔ ǵȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȕȖȔț ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȚȖȊ ǴȈȒȈȕȞȐȈ-
ȕȈ Ȋ ©ǲȘȈșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ǪȍǿȍǲȈª ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȧȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ©Șț-
ȉȐȚȤ ș ȗȓȍȟȈª ȖȟȐȡȈȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ
— Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ — ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȍșȌȈȟț ȖȘțȎȐȧ — ȗȘȐȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȖȘȐȞȈȕȐȦ
Ǫșȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȐșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǲȈȓȍȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȓȍȕ ǬțȚȖȊ ȊȏȧȚ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ Ǩ ȕȈ ȘȣȕȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȧȝ ȔțȌ-
ȘȍȞȣ Ȋ ȐșȚȈșȒȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȝ ȠȐȕȍȓȧȝ ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȞȐȋȈȘȒț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— ǫȘȣȏțȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǷȖȋȖȌȐ ȕȈȟȕȍȚșȧ
ǫȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȕȈȕȍșȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȋȌȍ
ǵȈ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǷȘȐȉȈȓȚȐȒȍ ș ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȠȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǵȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ
ǸȖșșȐȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȈȧ ȎțȚȒȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
ǵȈȏȘȍȊȈȓȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȔȍșȚȤ
ǩȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȍȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȍȍ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȓ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȕșȗȐ-
ȘȈȞȐȐ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ șȒȖȘȖșȗȍȓȣȔȐ Ȑ ȓȖȗȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȣȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȗțȏȣȘȤ ǷȖȌȟȈș ȖȕȐ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȓȍȗȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȖșȐȓȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ǬȈȎȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȑ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȐ ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖȑ ǰȕȐȞȐȈȚȖȘ ȍȍ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ȉȈȘȖȕ ǫ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ
șȖȘȈȚȕȐȒ ǵ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȚ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȐ șȈȔȖȔ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȗȖ Ȋȣ-

103
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ©ȗȈȝȓȖ ȌȐȓȓȍȚȈȕȚȐȏȔȖȔª
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȏȍ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ
ǬȊȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍȕȐȒȐ Ȋ
ǺȊȍȘȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȗȖȌȔȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȝȈ ȕȈ
ȊȖȒȏȈȓ
ǰ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ
ǵȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ ȖȉȈ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȟțȠȤ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȏ Ȑȝ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ ǶȌ-
ȕȖȔț Ȑȏ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȌȘȈȚȤ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȔȍȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȘȣȌȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȔț ȞȍȓțȦ Ȓțȟț ȍȘțȕȌȣ Ƕ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȧȌȍ Ȗ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȖȔ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȗ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ Ȗ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȧȡȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ Ȕ-Ȟȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ǲȘȍȔȓȧ ȊȣȌȈȓ ȧȊȖȟȕȣȍ ȈȌȘȍșȈ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈ-
ȞȐȐ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ Ȑ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȍ
ǷȖșȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ șȐȌȍȓ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ țȉȐȚȣȑ
Ǩ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȖ ȖȗȓȖȠȕȖșȚȐ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ —
țȓȐȏȕțȓ
ǵȈȑȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȝȈ Ȑ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȓȖȟȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǲȓȖȟȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȌȖȘȊȈȕ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ
șȕȐȏț ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ
©«Ȑ șȚȘȖȎȈȑȠȈȧ ȒȖȕșȗȐȘȈȞȐȧ
ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ Ȑ ǷȖșȚ-ǷȈȔȐȘșȒȖȔ
Ǫ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ Ȍȓȧ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ǷȖșȚ-ǷȈȔȐȘșȒȖȔ
Ȍȓȧ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȐȧ ȧȌȖȔ “ȌȊȈ-ȐȒș” ȖȚ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ
ǰȌȍȑȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȏȔȈ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȗȈȊȠȐȝ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈșȚȍȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ǬȊțȋȓȈȊȖȋȖª
Ǫ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
—ǵțȐȟțȠȤ
— ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȍ
ǰ ȖȚȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț
ǪȖ ǪșȍȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ș ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȗȘȈȊ-
ȒȐ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǷȖȗȈȓ Ȗȕ șȗȍȘȊȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȍȑ ǩ Ǵ Ȑ ǵ Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓȐșȤ ǭȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓșȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ǹ
— ǭȘțȕȌȈ ǿȖȘȚȖȊȈ ȌȘȍȉȍȌȍȕȤ ǸȈȏȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧȚ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȦ.
ǩȣȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ țȟȈșȚȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȓȈȌȈȝ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ Ȍȓȧ ȠțȚȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȐȝȐ ț
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȉțȒȊ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖȓȖȑ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ǻȉȍȘȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐ-
șȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
Ǫ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ƿ Ȑ ǳ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǷȐșȈȓȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț Ǻ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡț Ǻ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
— Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ

104
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȊȟȐȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȍȘȖȠȐȓ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ǵȈ
țȚȘȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊ șȐȉȐȘȧȒ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ  ȓȍȚ,
șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȡȐȒ Ȑ ǴȖȐșȍȑ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ǼȈȑȕ  ȓȍȚ Ȑȏ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȕȚȖȊ
Ǻ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǸȍȠȍȕȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟț Ȋ ǷȖșȚ-ǷȈȔȐȘșȒȐȑ Ȉ ǴȖȐșȍȦ ǶșȐȗȖ-
ȊȐȟț Ȗȕ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕ
ǶȉȈ ȊșȗȖȓȖȠȐȓȐșȤ
— ǬȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȋȖȕȐȚ" Ǫ ȟȖȘȚȖȊț ȗȘȖȘȊț ǬȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȟȍȋȖ" ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȌȊțȝ ȐȌȐȖ-
ȚȖȊ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȏȌȍșȤ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȒȐȠȐȚ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȡȐȕȖȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȚȤ ǲȘȈșȕȣȑ ǲȘȍȔȓȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȉȖȍȞ ȕȈ țȟȍȚȍ — ǷȈȔȐȘȈȔȐ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ"
Ǻ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȉȈȏȐȘțȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ Ǵȣ
Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȔ ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȌȍșȈȕȚ
șȓȖȎȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ Țȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȒȈȒțȦ ȕȍȖȚȓȖȎȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș Ȋȣ-
ȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ Ǩ Țȣ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȍșȓȐ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ Ȉ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȏȎȈȑ ǺȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ
— ǰ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ șȔțȡȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ șȐȓ ǲȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ șȚȘȖȧȚ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȖȚȚȖȘȋȕțȚȣȍ
ȖȚ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ǬȈ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȈȧ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȏțȉȈșȚȈ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ — țȏȒȈȧ ǲȚȖ ȖȕȈ" ǬȍșȧȚȒȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ǩ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȈ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ǵȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȖșȚȧȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȖȘȈȟȍȕȖȊ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȊ
ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȔ ș ȚȣȓȈ Ȑ ȜȓȈȕ-
ȋȖȊ«
ǪȏȋȓȧȌȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȖȐȝ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȊȐșȍȊȠȍȑ
ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ
— ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȖȉȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ǷȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ
Ǻ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǼȈȑȕȈ
—ǨȚȣ"
ǼȈȑȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȌȖ
Ǻ ȊșȚȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȗțșȚȐȚ ȊȈș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǲȖȓȓȍȋȐȧ ȇ-ȚȖ ȉțȌț ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȚȤ
ǪȣȠȍȓ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊȈ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȔȣșȓȐ
— ǿȖȘȚ Țȍ ȟȚȖ ǲȈȒ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȒțȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȍȌț ǰ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȓ ȕȍȋȘȈȔ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȕȍșȍȚ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȘȈȏț Ȓ ȥșȒȐȔȖșȈȔ
ǴȣșȓȤ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȕȍ șȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ
ȌȘȖȉȤ
— ǺȘȐȎȌȣ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȎȌȣ ȖȗȖȧȠț ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȠȈȘ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖȧșȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
ȗȓȈȔȧ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȧȋȍ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȖȘȚ"

ǸȈȏȘȈșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȐȕțȚȕȈȧ ȉȖȧȏȕȤ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȑ
ǪȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊȈ ǶȕȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ
ǵȈ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌț ǷȖȚȖȔ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǬȈ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘșȚ-ȚȖ ȌȖ ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȉțȌȍȚ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ Țȣșȧȟ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
— ǩȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǹȚȈȓȐ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȚȍ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈȘȤ ǷȘȖȟȓȐ ǬȖ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ ȚȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȍȘțȕȌȈ ǹȖȚȕȐ ǬȖ
ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǵț ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǪȖȠȍȓ Ǻ
— ǭȌȍȚȍ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǼȈȑȕ țȓȍȋșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒț ȠȚȈȉȕȖȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ǷȖȓȒȈ
ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ǵȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȖșȚȤ
ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȓȐȞȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊȈ țȕȖșȧȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȈȧșȧ ȒȈȘȚȈ Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ǹ șȈȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȘțȋȈȓșȧ
— ǼȈȕȚȈȏȍȘșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ǭȓȧ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔȐ — ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕȍ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȗȘțȌ ȗȘțȌȐ ǷȘȖȚȐȊ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȖșȣȓȒȐ
ȖȉȖȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ
Ǻ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȍȓȈ ǶȚ țȍȝȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȕȍșȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓȖ ǩțȔȈȎȒț ȗȖȌȠȐȓȐ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț Ǫ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȖȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȐȔ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȠțȚȐȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȌȔȐ-
ȋȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ǴțȘȘ-ȔȈȕ ǬȈȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǷȈȔȐȘ
ǶȉȈ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ

106
ǯǾǳǲǼǰǮȍ ǾǼǿǿǶȍ
ǽǹȌǿ ȀǼǰǮǾǶȇ ȀǼȅǻȉǷ
ǷȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȍȡȍ ȗȖșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐ ǬȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȐ ș
ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȑ Ȗ ȕȍȏȣȉȓȍȔȖșȚȐ ȝȓȍȉȕȖȑ ȔȖȕȖȗȖȓȐȐ Ȗ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ǩȘȍșȚșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ ȏȈȎȈȚȣȝ
ȔȍȎȌț ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȍȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ǨȘȉȈȚȖȔ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ǶȒȕȈ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȚțșȒȓȖ ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȏȈȎȈȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȝȊȈȚȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ǫ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȌȖȊȣ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȍȍ șȣȕȈ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉ-
ȕȧȒȖȔ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȘȈȏțȚțȦ ǸȖș-
șȐȦ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȗȘȍȓȖȔȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ Ȋ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖ-
șȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ș ȉȖȦ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȕȧ-
Ȓȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ǯȈȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ
— ǵȍȔȞȣ
— ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ
— ȇȗȖȕȞȣ
— ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ
ǬȈȎȍ
— ǺțȘȒȐ
ǸȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐșȤ
— ȇȗȖȕȞȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ǻȘȈȓț
— ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȐȌțȚ Ȑȏ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȈ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȓȖȔȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȋ șșȣȓȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȏȖȘȓȐȊȣȝ șȚȈ-
ȘțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȈ ǨȘȉȈȚȍ ȟȚȐȔȖȋȖ ǴȈȚȊȍȐȟȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȧ Ȗ Ȍȕȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȐ
ǪȚȖȘȣȔ — Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ — șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȠȐȘȖȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȚȖș-
ȒȓȐȊȖȍ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȉȘȖȠȒȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘȜȐȑ Ȑ ȒȖȒȈȐȕ
ǹȣȘȖȍ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȖ-ȏȐȔȕȍȔț șȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȔȈȘȚȖȊșȒȖȍ țȚȘȖ ǳȐȞȍȐșȚ ȟȐșȚȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȠȐȒȈ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǸȧȌȖȔ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ — ȖȚ ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ ȌȖ ǷȈȔȐȘȈ — ȒȈȘȚȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȍȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȔ șȚȈȌȖȔ ȘȖȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȒȖȔȔțȕ Ȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒ
Ǫ ȒȈȘȚȍ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȜȓȈȎȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ǭȡȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȍ ǶȘȍȕ-
ȉțȘȋ Ȑ ǸȖșȚȖȊ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȜȓȈȋȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȥȚȐȔ
ȜȓȈȋȈȔ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȎȒȐ

107
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȓ ǲȈșȗȐȑșȒȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ ȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȏȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȋȘȈȕȐ-
Ȟț ȋȌȍ ȐȔ ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȈȚȤ ©ȒȖȒȈȐȕȍȚ-
Ȓțª Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȕțȚȤ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚ ȗȖȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȌȖ țșȒȖȘȐȚȤ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȌȣȔȟȈȚȖȔ ȗȍȕșȕȥ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȗȍȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȖȗȍȘȐ-
ȘțȍȔ Ȕȣ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈș ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȚȤ
Ǫ ȌȣȔȟȈȚȖȔ ȗȍȕșȕȥ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ"
— ǵț"
— ǻȒȘȍȗȓȧȍȚșȧ"
— ǭȘțȕȌȈ
— ǲȘȈșȕȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ
— ǭȘțȕȌȈ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ țȔȖȓȒ
— ǵȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȈș ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ǴȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȕȈȐ-
ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȍȍ șȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȈȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȖȑ
ȉȘȖȠȦȘȣ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ǺȘȖȐȞȒȖȑ ȓȈȊȘȣ
— Ǩȝ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȉȈȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Ȋ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȍ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȌȖ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȑȚȍ ǲȖȘȖȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ Ȏȍ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȖȒ
— ǵȍȔȍȞȒȈȧ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȞȐȧ"
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ǶȕȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǲȈȌȍȚșȚȊȖ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ǵȖ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȈ ȚȖȟȒȈ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ȐȔȍȓȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȧ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ȓ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔț
— ǶȕȖ ȧȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȕȖ
— ǵȍ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ǩȈȓȈȠȍȊ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȐȒ
— ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ Ǵȣ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȔ ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ
— ǵȖ
— ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǶȗȣȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȌȈȓșȧ
— ǵȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
— ǵȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ șȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ Ȓ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȀȍȜȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȦȌȈ ǪȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ

108
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȔȈȧ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ Ȉȗ-
Șȍȓȍ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȐȌȍȧ ȥȚȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
— ǵȖ ȉȈȘȖȕ"
— ǩȈȘȖȕ"
— ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ
— ǵȈȠȈ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȕȍȚ țȎȍ
ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȔȍșȧȞ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ
— ǪȈȌȐȔ ǪȈȌȐȔ
ǳȐȞȍȐșȚ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǺȈȔ șȚȈȘțȠȍȟȐȑ ȠȖȗȖȚ ȗțȚȈȧșȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ
— ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȉȖȦșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈ-
ȓȐǳȐȞȖ ǪȈȌȐȔȈ șȚȈȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȍ-ȚȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ"
— ǯȈȒȘȣȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȏȊțȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȦ
ǪȈȌȐȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȍȕȒȍ ȊȕȐȏ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȒȖȑ ǬȊȍȘȒȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȟȤȐȝ ȚȖ țȌȈȘȖȊ
— ǩȈȘȖȕ?
ǬȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǬȖ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȔȖȘȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ"
— ǬȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȓȦȟȈ
— ǹȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒț"
— ǵȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ Ȋȣ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ǼȐȕ-
ȓȧȕȌȐȦ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȦ
— ǲȈȒ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ǪȈȌȐȔ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ȇ țȝȖȎț
— ǿȖȘȚ ȗȖȉȍȘȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȒȘȣșȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȋȘȣȏȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖȋț
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘ-
ȞȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȘȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȕȈȠȍ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȊȧȚȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍ-
șȖȊ Ȑȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ
ǪȈȌȐȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ

109
— ǵȖ ȗȖȒȈȔȍșȚ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȈȔȐȘșȒȐȝ
ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ Ȏȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ
ǪȈȌȐȔ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȝȐȔȐȒ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȚ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ǰȚȈȒ
Ȋȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ" ǰȌȍȔȚȍ
ǰȏ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǨȘȉȈȚț
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȒȓțȉȖȒ șȈȔȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗțȚȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȖșȖȉȣȔȐ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȚȖȚ
ȒȖȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȝ ȘȈșȗțȚȈȚȤ ǹȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ țȌȖȉȕȖ
ȒȘȣȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȘȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȔȈȝȈȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍ ǰȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚȖȔ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ —
ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ țȒțșȐȚȤ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ șȚȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȈȔ șȒȓȖȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȦ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȤȍ ȕȍȐșȒțȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȍȏ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȧȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ
ǿȤȍ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤșȒȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȚȍȏȐșȈȔȐ ǲȖȔ-
ȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȓȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ǷȐȕȒȍȘ-
ȚȖȕȈ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȊȍȎȍșȚȤȦ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ș ȋȈȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȘȋȈȦȡȐȑ șȈȌȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȖȌȖȗȓȍȒț ȉȘȍȌȖȊțȦ ǸȖșșȐȦ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȈ Ȑ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖ-
ȋȖǰ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ ț ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ țȎȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ ǨȘȉȈȚȍ
Ȗȕ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȖȊ ǰȔȧ Ȏȍ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȌȘțȋ Ȑ șȖȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȧ ȍȋȖ
șȖ șȊȖȍȦ șȍșȚȘȖȦ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȉțȌțȡȐȍ ȘȈȉȜȈȒȖȊȞȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǮȐȊȖȑ ȟȍȒȐșȚ
ǷȘȐȟȍȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ȇ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȦ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȔȍșȚ ȗȖȌȠȐȊȈȓ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ Ǻ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ș ȋȘțȌȖȦ ȒȕȐȋ ȗȖ ǨȘȉȈȚț ǴȍȚȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț șȣȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȖȘșȚȧȔȐ șȕȍȋȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȋȖȘșȚȧȔȐ șȕȍȋȈ
ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ
— ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘȣ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ ȟȓȍȕȣ șȖȊȌȍȗȈ
— ǬȘȍȉȍȌȍȕȤ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ
— Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȐȔ
ǷȘȖȗțșȒ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ

— ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȓ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȚȖ"
ǬȊȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȗȖȕȐȎȍ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ
— ǪȣȘțȟȒȈ Ȋ șȖȚȕȧȝ Țȣșȧȟ ǸȐșȒ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȍȕ ǯȈ ȊȣȟȍȚȖȔ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȈ
ǵȈ ǨȘȉȈȚșȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ Ȗȉȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
— ǯȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȍȔșȧ
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ
ǮȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ
— Ǩ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ
— ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ȧ ȉțȌț ȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȤșȧ ț ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ
—ǨȧȊǷȈȔȐȘ
ǸȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ Ȑȏ-
ȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ
— ǯȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ
— ǷȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ
ǩȖȉȘȖȊȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȕȐȏȒȖȋȖ țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ ǺȖȟ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȋȕȈȓ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ
— ǿȖȘȚ ȗȖȉȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȚ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ Ȑ șȓȍȌ ȗȘȖșȚȣȓ ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȔȐȕȍ
— ǻȗțșȚȐȓ ǲȖȔț Ȏȍ ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȏȈșȔȍȦȚ
ǹȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ țȋȓț ǪȖȏȌȊȐȎȍȕȒȐ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ǴȣșȓȐ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȓȐ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕț
— ȇȊȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȗȓȦș ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȧ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȓȦș ǴțȘȔȈȕ ȗȓȦș ǷȈȔȐȘ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ȚȖ ǷȈȔȐȘ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ" ǩȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț Ǻ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ǰ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȖșȚȣȓ
— ǿȚȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ" ǬȊȈ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȍ ș ȊȍȚȘȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȧȚ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ǫ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ
ǰ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȏȘȍȓȈ ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤ
— Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Ȗȕ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȌȐȕ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ

111
ȁǵǳǹ ǿǼǯȉȀǶǷ
ǽȖȚȧ Ȋ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ ǫȓȈȊșȕȈȉ ȗȘȖȔ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȐȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȤȧ ȗȘȐșȚȣȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȐȞȈȔ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ ȒțȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕțȦ ȠțȉȒț ȘțȟȒȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȊȈ ȓȐȞȖ șȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȕȖ Ȋ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ǸȖȊȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ǷȘȖȔȖȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȈ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȒȕȖȗȒȈȔȐ ǩțȔȈȎȍȒ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ Ȋșȍ ȟȐ-
șȚȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǷȘȖșȍȘȍȉȘȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ǰ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȒȖȔ ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ
— ǻ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ — ȇ ȧ
— ǻȎȍ" ǶȉȘȈȏȟȐȒ" — ǹȍȑȟȈș — ǽȖȘȖȠȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ — ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ǮȌț.
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ǺȘțȉȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȠȍȕȈ ǵȖ ȋțȉȒȐ ǬȖȘȣ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ Ȉȝ ȌȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȋțșȚȣȍ șȘȖșȠȐȍșȧ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȊȍȘȓȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ǵȈȌȖȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ Ǩ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȐ — șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȔ țȋȓț Ȉ ȖȋȓȧȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȐ ș ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ ȚțȚ ȊȖȚ
ȘȧȌȖȔ
ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȈ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ ȊȍȘȏȐȓț ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȔȖȘȖȏȈ
ȓȐȞȖȔ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ș ǬȖȘȖȑ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȔȍșȧȞȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
ȕȍȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȣȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ țȎȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȍȚ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȇȒȖȉșȖȕ ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȇȒȖȉșȖȕ ǲȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖ-
ȕț"— ǬȈ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȖ" ȅȚȖ ȔȖȍ
ȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— Ǫȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȖȔȈ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȐ ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ
—ǪȖȚȍȡȍ«
ǵȍșȓȣȠȕȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȉȍȒȍȠȍ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȣȔ
ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǹȦȌȈ șȦȌȈ.
ǪȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȑ ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ țȋȖȓ ȠȍȗȟțȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȚȤ Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȍȚ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȕȍșț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎț
— ǴȈȠȐȕȣ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ
— ǪȟȍȘȈ ȒȓȧȕȟȐȓȈ ț ǸȖȏȈȕȖȊȈ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ
ȒȈȘȚȖȠȒț ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȑ
— ǵȖ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȧ ǵȖ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȖȕȕȣȍ

112
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ Ȑ șȘȈȏț șȚȈȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȍȍ — șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȑ ȠȖȗȖȚ
— ǷȘȐ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȖȕȕȣȍ"
— Ǵȣ ȉȣ șȈȔȐ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȈȌȘȍș
— ǵȍ șȒȈȎț ȧ ȈȌȘȍșȈ ǩțȌț ȎȌȈȚȤ
— ǫȌȍ"
ǹȘȈȏț ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǵȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȠȤ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȍȋț ȁȍȓȒȕțȓ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ — ǷȖ-ȊȖ-ȍȕ-ȕȖ-Ȕț ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ șțȍȚȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȉȖȔȓȍȓȈ ǲȘȈșȕȈȧ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȓȈȗȐȡȈ ȡțȗȈȍȚ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȇȒȖȉșȖȕ" ǵȍ ȒȖȓȉȈșț ȓȐ"
— Ǫȣ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȓȐ ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ǲȖȓȉȈșȈ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ǶȚșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȈȋȈ ȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȤȔț Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓțȦșȤ ǸȖȏȈȕȖȊț ǹȖ șȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ —
ǿțȓȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȕȚȈȓȖȕȣ ǰ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ — ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ țȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ
ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
— ȀȈȋȈȑȚȍ ȠȈȋȈȑȚȍ
ǷȖȗțȌȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȌȈ ǲȖȔȔțȚȈȚȖȘ ǬȈ ȌȈ ȌȈ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȈ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍ
— ǪȖȓȖȌȧ"
— ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȍ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȍȔ ǷȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒ ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ǷȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȍȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȖȕȈ
ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȇ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȗȖȚȘȖȋȈȓ ǬțȔȈȓ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ǬȈ"
— ǵț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ǲȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǶȌȍȓ ȊȈȠ ȗȖȓțȠțȉȖȒ Ȑ ȠȈȗȒț
ǰ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ǹȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȠțȉȖȒ ȌȖ ȉȘȖ-
Ȋȍȑ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȈ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȈȧ ȟțȎȈȧ ȗȈȗȈȝȈ ǩȍȋȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț ǪȖȕ ȖȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȑ ǷȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓȈ ǺȊȍȘșȒțȦ ǷȖ ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȑ ǯȈȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ ǬȖȔ
ȹ ǪȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǷȖȒȈ ȏȊȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ șȒȈȟȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ǬȖȘȖȑ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȖȑ
— ǺȈȒ ǲȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȹ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȊȕȐȏ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ
ǬȖȔ ȹ ǲȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȹ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ǯȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ
ȚȖȊȈȘ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ǩ ȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈ-
ȕțȚ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ Ǩ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț ȊȈȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȒȚȖ ȊȖȏȐȚ ǷȈȔȐȘ — ȊȍȌȤ" ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȉȣȚȤ-ȚȖ"
ǷȖșȚȖȧȓ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȡțȗȈȓ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ǻȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ-șȚȈȘȖȔț — ȌȖȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȔț — Ȋ ȕȈȒȖȓȒȍ ȟȐșȚȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȝ
Ǩ șȈȔ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ

114
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ Ǫ șțȔȖȟȒȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȉțȔȈȎȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓȈ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓȈ ǬȈ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ" ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȘȣȚȤșȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȉȣȓȖ ǯȈȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ
— ǵȍ ȧ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȉ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǷȖ ȠȖșșȍ ȏȈ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȈș-
ȚȈȊȖȑ -ȑ ȗȘȖșȍȓȖȒ ȏȈ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȉțȌȒȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ"
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȉțȌȒȖȑ ǵȈȓȍȊȖ — ǹȖȊȘȈȓ ș ȘȈȏȋȖȕȈ ǴȈȘȚȤȧ-
ȕȣȟ Ȑ șȈȔ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ș ȕȍȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǵȍȚț șțȔȖȟȒȐ
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȚȤ-ȚȖ"
— ǵȖ ȖȕȈ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
— ǲȈȒȐȍ ț ȊȈș ȉȘȖȊȐ Ǫȣ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǷȈȝȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗțȌȘȖȑ ȟȍȔ ȚȖ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
Ǩ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȉȣșȚȘȈȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȟȍȚȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
— ǻȘȈ ǰ șȊȖȐȝ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȌȈȓȈ Ǩ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ǰ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ǷȘȖ șȍȉȧ — ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȟȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ǸȈȏ-
ȋȘȖȔȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȚȖȕ
Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȈ ǺȊȍȘșȒțȦ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǩȈȘȖȕ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȝțȌȖȑ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȑ" ǰ ȚȐȝȖ — ǰȏ ǿȍȒȐ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȚȐȠȍ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǵȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
— ǰ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǪȈȌȐȔț ǿȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
— ǪȈȌȐȔț"
— ǬȈ ȌȈ
— ǰ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȗȖȒȈ ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȧ ț ȊȈș ȉțȌț ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ȏȍ
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
— ǰșȟȍȏȈȦ
ǰ Ȑșȟȍȏ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ
ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ ȊȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț
— ǰ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ țȠȍȓ" Ǩȝ ȗȈȘȠȐȊȍȞ ǲȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ Ǩȝ
ȕȍȚ ȊȖȕ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȊȐșȐȚ
ǰ șȘȈȏț Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț
Ǩ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ țȎȍ ȚțȚ ǰȏ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȓțȠȈȍȚ
— ǨȓȓȖ Ǫȣ" Ǫȣ" ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ǫșȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ǵț ȌȈ ȌȈ ǷȖȌ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ǬȈ ǬȈ ǵȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ǶȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ǿȚȖ" ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ" ǬȖșȚȈȓȐ" ǻȎȍ" ǲȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ" Ǫȣ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ

115
ǵț ȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǺȈȒ ǺȈȒ ǹȓțȠȈȑ-
Țȍ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȟȈș ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ țșȓȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ șȍ-ȋȖ-Ȍȕȧ ǺȈȒ
ǬȏȐȕȤ ȌȏȐȕȤ ǵȈșȚȈȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
— ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȖȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǿȍȘȍȏ  ȔȐȕțȚ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑ-
ȕȖȑ
— ǪȖȓȖȌȧ
ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȒț
— ǵț ȟȚȖ"
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ țșȗȍȝȈȝ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȕȈȔȖȘȡȐȓ ȓȖȉ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ-ȒȈ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ" ǰȌȍȔ
ǪȣȠȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǩȈȓȐȕ ȥȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȏȊȖȕȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗȉ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ?
— ǬȈ ȌȈ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǰȏ ǩȈșȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȑȖȕȈ Ǫ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȈ ǹȖȓȧȕȒȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȠȓȐ Ȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȦ ǴȖșșȖȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊȐȓȐ ȔȈȕȌȈȚȣ ǪȍǿȍǲȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ
ȠȖȜȜȍȘȈ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ǳȍȜȖȘȚȖȊȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȖ ǵȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ǵȈ ǵȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȝȖȌț Ȑȏ
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ șȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ǭȓȖȝȖȊȒț Ȑ
țȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȍ
ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȖȑ
— ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȹ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ǷȘȖȊȍȘȧȍȔ ȔȈȕȌȈȚȣ ǵȈ ȐȔȧ
— ǳȈȌȕȖ
ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǯȈȔȍȚȤ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȈ ȠȖșșȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȊȍȌȤ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖ-ǲȈȏȈȕ-
șȒȈȧ Ȏ Ȍ ǰȏ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ«
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȐȎȍ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ ǿȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȍ ǻȗȘȧȔȍȑȠȐȑ ȏȈȚȣ-
ȓȖȒ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȎȍȕ ȓȐȞȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȍȕ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȈȏȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ Ǫ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȠțȔȓȐȊȖ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȘȤȍȏȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȝȖȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȏȈȈȘȍșȚȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȇȒȖȉșȖȕȐȝț Ȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȕȈ ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȑ Ǻȣ șȒȈȎȐ ȚȈȔ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȖ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ
ȠȖșșȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȓȍȌȐȚȤ Țȍȝ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ"
—ǬȈȧȚȈȒȐȌțȔȈȦ
— ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦ șȊȧȏȤ ș ǴțȘȔȈȕȖȔ-ǷȈȔȐȘȖȔ

116
— ǵț ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ
— ǵȍ șȒȈȎȐ Ǩ ȥȚȐȔ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȒȐȊȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ
— ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ
ǰ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǶȕȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ șȚȖȑȒȐȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȕȖ
ȕȖ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ǪȏȌȣȝȈȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ
— ǷȖȑȌț ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț
ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȊ Ȓ ȊȘȈȕȤȦ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕț ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ
— ǯȈȍȌȍȔ Ȑ Ȋ ǳȍȜȖȘȚȖȊȖ Ȋ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ țȏȕȈȍȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗ ȚȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ
— ǹȚȖȑ Ǩ ©șȖȉȈȟȤȧ ȉțȌȒȈª" ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ©șȖȉȈȟȤȧ ȉțȌȒȈª"
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ǲțȘȤȍȘ ț ȕȈș Ȑȏ ǿȍȘȒȐȏȖȊȈ ǹȗȘȖșȐȔ
— ©ǹȖȉȈȟȤȧ ȉțȌȒȈª" ǭșȚȤ ȍșȚȤ« ǶȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȉȈȟȤȧ ȉțȌȒȈ Ȉ ȌȈȟȒȈ,
ȚȈȒ ȍȍ ț ȕȈș ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ©șȖȉȈȟȤȧ ȉțȌȒȈª ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȌȕȈ
ǩȣȓȐ ȌȈȕȣ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ
ǪȕȐȏț țȎȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȔȖȚȖȘ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ǸțȔȧȕȞȍȊșȒȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ Ȋ ȟȐȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ șȐȌȍȓ
ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ ș ȉȖȉȘȖȊȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȗȕ ȖȉȓȖȎȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ȚȘȈȒȚȖ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ Ȗ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ ȒȈȏȕȧȝ ș ȟȍȘȚȍȎȈȔȐ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ
ȗȣȚȒȐ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓ
ǲȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȌȈȓ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȎȌț ǨȘȉȈȚȖȔ Ȑ ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȍȕȒȖȑ
ǬȖȔȈ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȓȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ǵȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ
©ǻșȓȖȊȐȧ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐ ǴȈȠȐȕț ȌȖșȚȈȓȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧª
ǷȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ șȍȓ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ ǪȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȤ
ǺȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ș țȚȘȈ ȚȐȝȖ
ǹȣȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȒțȠȈȚȤ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ
șȊȖȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ǷȖȖȉȍȌȈȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȗȐȓ ȟȈȑ ȝȘțșȚȍȓ
ȗȍȟȍȕȤȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ
ǻ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȖ ǲȈȠȓȧȕțȓ ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ǷȘȐ-
ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȖȠȓȈ ǷȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ǿȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒț ȌȘț-
ȋțȦ ǲȈȔȖȘȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțșȚȈ
ǵȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȑȏ ȖȉȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕȖ
©ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȠȍ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȊȧȚȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǹ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȗȈșȈȑ-
ȚȍșȤ ǵȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖșȟȐȚȈȍȔșȧª
©ǪȈȔȐª ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȖ ©ȗȖșȟȐȚȈȍȔșȧª ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȖ ȚȘȐ ȘȈ-
ȏȈ

118
ǽǼǲ ǲǰǼǷǻȉǺ ǿǰǳȀǼǺ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșț ȗȖȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȣ ȗȖ ȐȏȉȐȚȖȔț țȝȈȉȈȔȐ ȗȘȖșȍȓȒț ȠȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ
Ǫ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ șȐȌȍȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȕȈȋȖȚȖ-
Ȋȍ ȔȈțȏȍȘ Ǫ ȒțȏȖȊȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȏȈȠȐȚȣȍ Ȋ ȘȖȋȖȎȐ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȠȓȈ ș
ȗȖȚțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ǷȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ǲȖȓȍșȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ șȕȍȋ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȖȎȉȐȕȈȔ ȊȏȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȐ
ǵȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȠȖșșȍ ǹȐȌȧ-
ȡȐȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔțȦ șȚȍȕț ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȑȝ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘȟȍ ǷȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȖ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ǶȋȖȕȍȒ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȖȊ șȚȈȓȖ ȟțȚȤ ȖȡțȡȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȕȐȍ ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȕȐȐ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǴȍȘȞȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȓȖ ǹȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȐȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǷȖ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔț ȗȘȖșȍȓȒț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔ
ȠȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ
ǵȈ ȋȘȍȉȕȍ ȝȖȓȔȈ șȊȍȚ șȚȈȓ ȧȘȒȐȔ ȘȍȎțȡȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȌȊȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ șȊȍȚȈ țȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȒȈȟȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȗȧȚȕȈ-ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ
ȒȕȐȏț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȉȍȒȍȠȍ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț șȐȌȍȊȠȍȔț ȘȧȌȖȔ
— Ǵȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȣ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǵȖ ȒȖȔț ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȘț ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ"
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȠ ȈșșȖȘȚȐȔȍȕȚ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȍȕȐȑ
ǵȐȏȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǹȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȕȍȒțȌȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȍȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȍ ȕȈș
— ǴȖȓȟȐȚȍ Ȋȣ
ǭȡȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ȘȍȏȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ șȊȍȚȈ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȐ-
ȌȧȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȗȈșșȈȎȐ-
ȘȖȊ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȈ ǲȘȣȊȠȈȧșȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ
— Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ
— ǷȖȏȌȕȖ
ǵȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȊ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșț șȊȍȚȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȗȖȌ țȒ-

119
ȓȖȕ șȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ șȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȝȖȌ Ȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ șȗț-
șȒȈ ȏȈȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȓȈ ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȕȍȋ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ
ȒȊȍȘȝț ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȧȘȒȖȑ șȚȘțȍȑ șȊȍȚȈ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ țȋ-
ȓȈȔ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ
ǸțȒȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȘȈșȚȈȓȐ Ȓ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȈȔ ȔȈțȏȍȘȖȊ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȉȖȘȖȊȠȐȑșȧ șȖ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓ șȓȣȠ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȈșȚȖȍ ȚȈ-ȚȈ-ȚȈ-ȚȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ
ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȖȋȐȉȈȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȌȠțȦ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǪșȚȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȒȈȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ ȠȍȌ-
ȠțȦ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȗȖȌ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȏȈ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ șȐȓțȥȚ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ șȖȘȖȒȈșȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȈȘȍȚȒȖȑ ©ȉȍȕȞª ǿȐșȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ©ȉȍȕȞȍª ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǵȐ ș ȚȖȑ ȕȐ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǶȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ șȊȍȚȈ ©ǩȍȕȞª ȕȈ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ©ǩȍȕȞțª ȐȌȚȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȧȔ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ
ǵȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ǷȓȈȕ ©ȉȍȕȞȈª ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȍȕ șȚȈȊ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȗțȚȤ ȉȍȋșȚȊȈ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤ ȍȍ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȑ ȔȐȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȔ
ȗȖșȚȈȔ
ǪȐȌȐȔȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȋȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȖ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ©ȉȍȕȞȍª ȠȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȋȓȈșȐȧ.
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȧșȤ Ȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟț Ȑ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— Ǵȣ ȌțȘȈȒȈ ȊȈȓȧȚȤ șȦȌȈ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖȔ"
ǵȈ ȟȚȖ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ Ȋȣ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȚȖ ț ȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ
ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȧ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȌȈȎȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȔȕȐȔȈȧ ȚȘȈȊȒȈ ȉȣȓȐȕȒȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ
ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȈ ȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȚȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ — ȕȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȖȑȚȐȚȤșȧ ǷȘȐ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȧ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ǪȍǿȍǲȖȊșȒȐȑ,
ȌȍȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ ȊȈș ȗȖșȚȈȘȠȍ
ǻȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ"
— ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȌȈȊȍȟȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȈȏț
Ȑȝ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȍȌȍȔ ǷȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȐȟȕȣȔ
— Ǩȝ Ȋȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ«
— Ǫȣ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑȝ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤ-ȚȖ ȎȌȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȍȋȖ ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ț ȕȐȝ

120
ȉțȌȍȚ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ț ȕȐȝ ȚȈȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ-ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȣ șȊȖȐ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȌȈ ȒȈȘȈțȓȣ
ǲȈȒ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ țȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȤ
— ǰȝ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ Ȉ ȕȈș
— ǪȖȚ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȓȤ ȌȈ ȧ ȉȣ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ǶȕȐ Ȏȍ ȌȘȍȑȜȧȚ ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȣ
ȌȈȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȉȘȖșȈȑ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ ǵț ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȐȠȒȐ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȦ
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ țșȒȖȘȐȓ ȝȖȌ ©ǩȍȕȞª ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓ
ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȊȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖȓȍȑ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȉȖȦ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȋțȌȖȒ ǿȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȖȟȒȈ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȘțȧ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȓȖș-
ȕțȓȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ǫ ©ȉȍȕȞȍª ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓȐ
ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț ȖȉȍȐȔ ȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȖșȍȓȒț
ǷȘȐȚȖȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȖȓțȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ©ȉȍȕȞȈª ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ
ǲȈȒ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ȖȟțȚȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ ȜȖȕȈ-
ȘȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǵȖȊȈȧ Ȏȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȖȔȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȒȖȓȖș-
șȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ Ȗȡțȗȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ
ȊȘȈȋȈ
©ǩȍȕȞª șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȓȖȎȉȐȕȍ ǹȊȍȚȧȡȈȧșȧ ȘțȒȈ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȝȖȓ-
ȔȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȈȌ ©ȉȍȕȞȍȔª ǵȖ Ȑ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ
ȉȈȕȌȐȚșȒȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȐ
— ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ
ǵȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ șȕȍȋ ǹȊȍȚ ȖȚ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȗȖȊȐș Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȈȘȠȐȕȍ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȘȍȚȒȖȑ ǭȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚȈ Ȑ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ ǪȌȘțȋ ǴȈȘȚȤȧ-
ȕȣȟ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǯȈ șȈȘȈȑ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ
©ǩȍȕȞª ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȓȍșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǶȕȐ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȏȈșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ șȈȘȈȑ ȕȖ ȏȈȌȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȏȈȊȧȏȓȐ
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ȕȈȌȈȊȐȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȈȘȈȑ ȚȘȧșșȧ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȓ ǭȡȍ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȘ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȋ șȈȘȈȑ ȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐ ș ȘȈȏȋȖȕȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ
șȚȍȕȒț ǹȖȓȖȔȈ ȌȖșȒȐ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȌȘȧȕȤ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ șȊȍȘȝț ȊȣȉȐȓȐ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȒȈ-
ȘȍȚȒȐ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓȐ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȈ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ ǯȈȌ ȒȈȘȍȚȒȐ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ,
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȏȈȓȐȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȘȈȍȔ ȗȘȖȓȍȏ Ȋ
ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȡȍȓȒț șȓȍȗȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ Ȑ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ș ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖ-
ȚȈȝ ȏȈȉȣȊ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȊ-

121
ȠȍȋȖ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȧȚȕȈ șȊȍȚȈ
ǯȈȌȕȧȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ǰȏȔȈȓȣȊȈȓȈ șȕȍȋ Ȋ
ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ǹȐȘȍȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȓȈ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȖȋȓțȠȈȧ
ɒɨɮɮɟɪ Ɇɚɪɬɶɹɧɵɱ ɢ Ɍɨɱɧɵɣ ɫ ɪɟɜɨɥɶɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ
ɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɜ ɜɨɪɨɬɚɯ«
— ǰȌȍȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ — ȠȖȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ
— ǷȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ" Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǰȌȍȚ ȔȐȔȖ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț"
— ǷȖ ȝȖȌț ȊȐȌȈȚȤ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȖ ȊȍșȤ șȈȘȈȑ șȕȍȋȖȔ șȘȈȏț
ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȤȔȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ țȏȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗțȓȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǺȖȟȕȖȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȊȠȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȞȍȓȖȑ Ȓțȟȍȑ șȕȍȋȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȝȕțȊ ȍȋȖ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȌȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȗȖȌ-

122
ȉȘȖșȐȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ
ǵȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ǯȈ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ,
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȟȈșȚȖ
ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ
— ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ-ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ
ǽȓȖȗȈȓȐ ȔȈțȏȍȘȣ ǩȐȓȐșȤ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǳȖȗȈȓȐșȤ ȠȐȕȣ ǼȖȕȈȘȐ ȗȓȧșȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȐȏȖȕȚț ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȒȘțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǹȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ Șț-
ȋȈȕȤ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȐȝȓȖ
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ Ȑ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣȒȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑȏ șȈȘȈȧ ȅȚȖ
ȖȚȕȧȓȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȓȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ
ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǭȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ ǼȖȕȈȘȐ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ Ȗȉ
șȚȍȕȒț șȈȘȈȧ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ǯȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȖȔ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓ
ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȒ ȍȋȖ șȘȈȏț ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȈȘȈ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȍȑ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȊȍȚ șȚȈȓ țȌȈȓȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ș ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-
ȚȖȑ ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȉȖȐȡȈ țșȣȗȈȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ
ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ șȎȐȔȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȣ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚț ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔȐ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ǻȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȋȣ-
ȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȝȖȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȉțȒ-
șȐȘȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȘȈȕȍȍ
©ǩȍȕȞª ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓ ǵȖ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț țȎȍ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȠȖș-
șȍ Ȑ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȣ ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ țȎȍ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȉȓȍȌȍȕȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȑ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȠȖșșȍ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑȝ ȒȖȓȍșȈ
ȏȈȉțȒșȖȊȈȓȐ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈ-
Ȏȍȕȍȑ ©ȉȍȕȞª ȉȣȓ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ țȒȓȖȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȊȊȍȘȝț ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȖȔșȖ-
ȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȓȍȚȧȡȍȍ ȗȖ țȒȓȖȕț ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȀȖȜ-
ȜȍȘ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȑ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ǴȐȔȖ ȗȖ țȒȓȖȕț ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ
ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓȈ Ȋ șȕȍȋț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȈȎȍȕȧȔȐ ȕȐȎȍ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ țȌȘȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȉ-
ȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉțȒșȐȘțȍȔȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȧȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȋȘțȏȈ șȘȈȏț ȘȊȈȕțȓȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ
șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȠȖșșȍ ǷȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖ ȘȧȊȒȕțȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖ ȋȈșȧ ȚȖ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȧ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȊȣȊȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ
ȒȘțȚȖ șȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ șȔȈȟȕȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȏȈȊȧȏȠȐȑ
©ȉȍȕȞª Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǷȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗțșȚȖȑ ș ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ȓȖȗȕțȊȠȐȔȐ ȒȈȔȍȘȈȔȐ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘ Ȑ ȚȈȡȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȕȣȊȈȓ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȌȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȒț

ǳȦȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ǵȖ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȓȣ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȔ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ șȒȈȎțȚ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȏ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȒȖȊ"
— ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ — ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
Ǫ ǹȖȊȍȚȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ  ȟȈșȈ ȕȖȟȐ ȐȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȔȧȚțȦ ȕȖ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț țȊȍȌȍȕȕțȦ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ

124
ǿǹǳǲ ǮǰȀǼǯǮǻǲǶȀǮ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț șȕȍȋȈ ȗȖ-ȔȈȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȖșȓȍȗȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȐȧȓȐ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȌȣȠȈȓ șȊȍȎȍșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȋȕȐȓȤȦ ǷȘȖșȍȓȖȒ ȕȈ țȝȈȉȈȝ ȏȈ-
ȓȍȌȍȕȍȓ
ǷȖ ȗȘȖșȍȓȒț ȚȖȔț șȈȔȖȔț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȋȘȈ-
ȉȍȎ ȠȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ
ǷȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ Ȑ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ǴȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȓ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ȋ ȊȈȓȍȕȒȈȝ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȒțȘȚȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȠȍȘșȚȧȕȖȔ ȠȓȍȔȍ ǳȐȞȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȍ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ǯȘȈȟȒȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȓȈȊȖȟȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ șȊȍȘȓȐȓȐ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȍ
șȊȍȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ©ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍȒª ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǻȋȘȖȏȣșȒȈ ǵȍȏȈȔȍȕȐȔȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȟȍȚ ȗȖ ȹȹ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔț ȊȐȌț
ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȈșȚȧȔ ǯȕȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȖȊ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȖ
ȘȍȔȖȕȚț ȔȖȋ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖ ȝȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖ ȋțȌȒț ǿȈșȚȖ șȐ-
Ȍȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȘȖȏȣșȒț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȈȝ ȗȖ ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍȒ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȣ ȏȕȈȓ ȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȈȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȍȌȍȚ ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȝȔțȘȐȓ-
șȧ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Ȑ șȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȑ șȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȖ
ȟȈșȚȧȔ ȗȘȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȕȈȊȣȒȍ
ǻȎȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ǻȋȘȖȏȣșȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ. Ǫ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȔȣ-
șȓȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȐ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧȝ Ȑ ȘȖȏȣșȒ șȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ș
ȕȖȋ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍȒ ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȹȹ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǷȘȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǻȌȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǹȘȈȏț ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ
ȘȈȉȖȚț ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȞȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
Ȋȍș ȏȖȓȖȚȈ
Ȁȍȓ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȐȊ ȘțȒȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ
Ȑ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ǫșȍ Ȑȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓ ȉȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ șȓȍȌȣ ȠȐȕ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȖȍ-
ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȧȘȒȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȈȠ ©ȉȍȕȞª Ƞȍȓ ȊȖȚ Ȑȝ Ȑȝȕȧȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ Ȉ ȊȖȚ«

125
ǺțȚ Ȗȕ ș țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǳȍȋȒȐȑ ȕȖȏȌȘȍȊȈȚȣȑ șȕȍȋ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȕ ȌȊț-
Ȕȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȍȧȔȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȏ-
ȒȐȔȐ
ǵȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȉȍȏ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȧȚȍȕ ȖȚ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ ǻ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊșȚȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȓ ǳȐȞȖ șȚȈȓȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ
Ƕȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț
— ǩȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȣȠȍ șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȌ ț ȕȍȑ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȧȑȞȖȔ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ.
— ǺȈȒ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ — ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǴȈȠȐȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— ǵț șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȔ șȖ șȚȘȈȝț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ Ǩ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȓȍȋȒȖȊȖȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȈȧ  șȐȓ ǴȈȠȐȕ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȚȍ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ǭȍ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȦ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ǲȘȈșȕȖȑ ǨȘȔȐȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ǺȘȖȞȒȖȔț Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȐ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȍȏȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȉȈȕȌȐȚ
ǰȔȧ ǺȘȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘȐȈȚ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘȐȈȚ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ
ǵȈșȒțȟȐȊȠȍȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
— ȇ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦ ȘȈȏȕȖȋȓȈșȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ -șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȍȝȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȏȍ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ Ȑȏ Ȑȝ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǳȍȊȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ǷȖȒȘȣȠȒȐ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȚ ȕȈȎȐȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȣȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȓșȧ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȕȣ
ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȌȖȉȘȣ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ
ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǭșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǳȍȊ-
ȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ǴȈȠȐȕț ȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȗȖ-ȞȐȘȒȖȊȖȔț ȍȏȌȐȚ Ȗȕ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȈȓȍȚȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ǷȘȐȠȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȐȏȔȖȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȓȍȞ Ȋ ȌȖșȒț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȠȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ
ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈȠȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȐ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȍȚ ȕȐ Ȕȣ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ǳȍȊȒȈ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȒȈȕțȓ ǵȐ șȓțȝț ȕȐ Ȍțȝț
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȠȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȗȖ șȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȔț ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȕȈȗȈȓ Ȉ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖȘȖȊ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȍșȚȖȟȒț ȕȈȔ
ȗȖȌȈȍȚ ȊȖȚ ȔȖȓ ȧ Ȋȣȗȓȣȓ Ȉ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȏȖȊȍȚȍșȤ"

126
ǬȖȘȖȋȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȚȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȐ ȠȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕț șȚȖȘȖȕț șȓȍȌ Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ
— ǵȈȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Ǫȣȧșȕȧȑ ȕȍ Ȋȣȧșȕȧȑ Ȉ ȊȖȕ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȐȚȍ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȐ
ȖȚ ȠȖșșȍ Ȉ ȕȈ ȠȖșșȍ Ȋșȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȏȈȚȍȘȚȣ ȚȈȔ ȊȣȧșȕȧȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȘțșȤ ǯȈ
ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ șȈȎȍ-
ȕȍȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȠȖșșȍ șȓȍȌ Ȏȍ ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ Ȋȍȓ ȏȈ ȓȍșȖȒ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȒț
ǺȈȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȈ ȌȊȖȘȖȊ  ǹȓȍȌȣ ȠȐȕ țȗȍȘȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȈ ǬȊȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȠȐȘȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȈȧ
ȓȈȊȖȟȒȈ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ Ȑȏȉț
ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȎțȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ.
ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ țșȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȈȊȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
— ǵț ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ — ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȑ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ǹȖȉȐȘȈȑ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ
țȔȈȧȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ țȗȓȈȚȐȔ
ǷȖȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȓȐȠȕȍȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȎȐȘȕȣȍ ȡȐ ǨȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȍȓ ȔȖȓȟȈ țȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț ȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȖșȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȕȍșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǳȍȊȒȈ ȊȟȍȘȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓ"
ǵȈ ȝȐȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌșȓȍȗȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ǹȐȌȧ Ȋ țȋȓț Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȏȈȒȘțȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȞȐȋȈȘȒț ȓȐȞȖ
ȕȍ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȗȍȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȈȋȍȕȚ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȗȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ ȝȖȌȐȚ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ ȊȖȌȐȚ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȠȚțȒȈ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ ȗțȠȐȕȒȈ ǵȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȗȖȓȖȎț ȌȈ ȗȖȌțȦ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȒȚȖ
ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȧȓȤ ȏȍȕȒȐ ǪȍȚȘȖȔ ȕȈȌțȓȖ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ Ȑ șȌțȓȖ Ǻȍȉȍ ȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȌȖȚȤ ȐȡȐ
ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȍȓȒȍ ș ȊȍȚȘȖȔ
ǨȋȍȕȚ Ȋ ȚȖȕ ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǩ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȌȘțȋȖȔț ǴȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȐȌȍȚ ȋȌȍ ȝȘȍȉȚȖȔ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȚ șțȒ ȓȖȔȐȚ,
ȓȈȗȖȑ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ Ȉ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț ȒȖȋȖȚȤ ȓȐȎȍȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘ ȏȈȒȈȚȣȊȈȓ
ǵȍ ȔȖȘȋȕțȊ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȞȐȋȈȘȒȖȑ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ǩȈȉȈ ȔȖȧ Ȑ ȚȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȍȚ ǺȖȟȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȈ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ șȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȧ ȝȓȍȉȖșȖȓȤȕȣȑ ǵȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ Ȑ ȚȐȋȘȈ Ȑȏ ȞȐȘȒȈ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȕȍ țȝȊȈȚȐȠȤ
ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ șȕȖȊȈ țȚȒȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȗȓȦ-
ȕțȓ ǶȚȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ ǨȋȍȕȚ ȕȈȉȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǬȈ Țȣ șȒȈȎȐ ȓțȟȠȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍȉȍ ȏȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȌȈȌȍȕȖ"
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ" ǵȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȉȍȘȍȔ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȔ Ǵȣ șȖ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȠȈȘȤ ȗȖ ȚțȓțȗȈȔ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȖȗȍȑȒț ȕȈȑ-
ȌȍȠȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ǩ ȒȖȓȐ Ȋ țȋȓț ȋȌȍ ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȗȈșȍȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȗȍȑȒȈ ȚȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ ȠȚȍȔȗȍȓȍȑ ȕȍ ȒȓȈȌțȚ ȒȖȔț Ȑ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȊȈȓȍȕȖ

127
— ǪȍȘȚȒȐȑ ț Țȍȉȧ ȝȊȖșȚ-ȚȖ ǬȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ Țȣ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȓȈȌ ȏȈȗȍȓ ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ Ȕȣ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȔ ȔȈȓțȦ ȚȖȓȐȒț
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȟȍșȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ș ȘȈșșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǶȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȠȕȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȠȈ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȊȏȧȚȤ
ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȕȈȠȈ — ȒȍȘȍȕȒȈ — ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǵȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
ȍȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǺȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȔțȎȐȟȒȖȊ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȧȟȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȖ
— Ǩ ȥȚȈ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ"
ǨȋȍȕȚ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȘȈȌțȎȕțȦ ©ǲȈȚȍȕȤȒțª ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȍșȤ ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ
— ǫȓȧȌȐ ȗȈȘȧ ȍȑ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȑ ȊȗȘȧȔȤ ț ȕȈș ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ
ǨȋȍȕȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ
— ǬȈ Țȣ ȗȖȌȤ șȦȌȈ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȧ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȐȎț Țȣ șȈȔ ȕȍ Ȑȏ
ȐȝȕȐȝ Ȉ ȏȈȍȏȎȈȓ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ǳȍȊȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ-ȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȕțȎȕȖ" ǵȍ ȉȖȑșȤ șȖȑȌȍȔșȧ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȌșȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
— ǪȖȚ ȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ǹȒȈȎȐ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ǳȍȊȒȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ
Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ǯȈ șȒȈȏ ȌȈȔ Țȍȉȍ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȥȚț șȈȔțȦ ©ǲȈȚȍȕȤȒțª Ȉ
ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȗȖ ȚȊȖȐȔ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȔ Ȑ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȚțȚ Ȕȣ Țȍȉȍ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȉȍȏ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ
— ǻȎ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ"
—ǨȟȚȖȎȍ"
— ǵț ȌȈȊȈȑ ȉțȔȈȎȒț-ȚȖ
— ǩțȔȈȎȒȈ ȕȍ țȗȓȣȊȍȚ Ǻȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȦ ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖȓȍ-
ȎȐȚ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȒȍ ǹȒȈȎț ȉȍȘȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȚȊȖȧ Ǩ Țȣ ȕȍ șȚȖȑ ȊȣȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ.
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǳȍȊȒț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȍȏȎȈȓ
ȌȈ ȊșȍȋȖ-ȕȈȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
ǳȍȊȒț Ȏȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȒȈȎț ȧ ȊȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȒȍ ȗȖ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȦ ©ȘȣȎȐȑª Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȘȋțȍȚ ȖȚ ȒȓȖȗȈ
Ȉ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ șȖȊȌȍȗșȒȐȔȐ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȒȖȔț ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȣ ȓȐȗȈȔȐ ȚȖ ȐșȚȤ Ȑ
ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ȍșȚȤ ț ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȜȍ șȊȖȍ șȈȔȖȋȖȕ ȌțȦȚ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ȟȖȘȚ Ȑȝ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȌȈȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ-ȚȖ ǳȍȊȒȈ ȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȌȕȍȊȕȖ ǺȈȒ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ ȍșȓȐ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȐ ©ȘȣȎȍȋȖª ǵț ȌȈȊȈȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȉțȔȈȎȒț șȖ șȚȖȓȈ
— ǬȈ șȚȖȑ Țȣ șȚȖȑ«
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ șȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȑ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ ȌȈ ȋȖȕȐȚȍ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ
— ǵț ȓȈȌȕȖ ȟȖȘȚ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ǨȋȍȕȚ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȗȧȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȠȓȍȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șțȍȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȏȈșȖȊȣȊȈȓ ©ǲȈȚȍȕȤȒțª ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȕț ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȐȘȖȔ ȌȈ ȓȈȌȖȔ Ȉ ȘțȋȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ

ȕȈȌȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖș ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȐȚȍ
ǵȖ ȈȋȍȕȚ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǳȈȌȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ș ȚȊȖȐȔ ǽȘȐșȚȖȔ Ǻȣ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȉțȔȈȎȒț ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȍșȤ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓșȧ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȈȧ"
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȉȣ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȌȈȓ" Ǵȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȐȝ șțȗȟȐȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ Țȣ
ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȖșȐȔ
— Ǩȝ Țȣ ȟȖȘȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȗȖȓȈȑ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȓȈȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ
ǨȋȍȕȚ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȓ ȓȐȞț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ Ȋ țȋȖȓ Ȑ
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȌțȓȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
— ǭșȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȈ ǳȍȊȒȍ ȌȈ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ — ȒȖȕȟȍȕȣȑ Țȣ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț ȍșȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ țȒȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȖȔț ȈȌȘȍșț

129
ǸȁǮǷȀ ǶǺǽǼǿǿǶǯǹ — ǿǼǰǳǾȆǳǻǻǼ
ǻǳǰǳǾǼȍȀǻǼ
Ǫ ǷȍȚȘȖȏȈȊȖȌșȒȍ ǼȈȑȕț ȌȈȓȐ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǶȚ ǷȍȚȘȖȏȈȊȖȌșȒȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȓȍȌȍȕȍȓȖȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȟȐȒȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ
șȉȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ǼȈȑȕȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒȖȔ ǼȖȒȐȕȣȔ
ȞȍȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȟȈȚȣ ȚțȚ
ȉȣȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȐȕȊȍȕȚȈȘȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ Șȣȉȣ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ǷȖȒȘȧȝȚȣȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȈȐȊȈȧ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȒȈȝ ©ȔȈȒșȐȔª ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ
ȌȖ ǲȈȕȌȈȓȈȒȠȐ ȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ
ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȏȈȕȖșȣ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ ȊȖȖȉ-
ȡȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ ȠȓȐ
ǹȓțȝȐ Ȋ ȏȈșȣȗȈȕȕȖȑ șȕȍȋȖȔ ǲȈȕȌȈȓȈȒȠȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȜȐȕȕȣ ș ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȈȔȐ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ, — ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ
ȟȐȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȌȘȖȋȠȍȑ ȖșȓȍȗȠȍȑ ȕȈ ȘȍȊțȡțȦ ȗțȘȋț ȖȌȕȐȔ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȔ ȖȒȖȠȍȟȒȖȔ
ȉțȌȒȍ ǼȈȑȕ țȎȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȒȖȕșȗȐȘȈȚȐȊȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȔȈȘȠȘțȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ-
ȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȒȍ ȚȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ț șȚȘȍȓȖȟȕȐȒȈ ǰȊȈȕȣȟȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍșȚȤ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒ
ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ  ȊȍȘșȚ Ȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟț Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒț ȖȚ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǷȍȚ-
ȘȖȊȐȟȈ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ Ȏȍ ȐȓȐ Ȓ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȈ
ǩȣȓ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȈȘȚȈ Ȑ ȌȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ
șțȔȍȘȒȐ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȍ ǯȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕ
ȖȚ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕțȎȕȣȑ ǼȈȑȕț șȚȘȍȓȖȟȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚȤ-
șȧǮȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
ǼȈȑȕ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȍȝȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȒțȗȟȐȒȈ ȉȖȌȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȖȚȕț
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ șțȘȖȊȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȑȋȐ ȏȈȔȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ
ȌȈȓȐ ȚȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ Ȋ ȟȈșȣ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȊ ȚȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȖȚ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ
șȐȧȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȓȐȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȊ șȊȍȎȐȝ ȉțȘȓȧȡȐȝ șȐȓ
ǵȍ ȐȏțȔȐȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ Ȉ
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȚȘȖȍ — ȜȐȕșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ Ȋ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȕȈȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈȠȐȕȐșȚ Ȑ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȏȈȔȖȘȖȏȐȊ Ȑȝ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖ-
ȕȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚțȋȖ
ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȘȖȓȤ ȔȐȋȖȔ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ș ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑ-
ȞȍȔ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ©ǺȐȗȍȘȍȘȐª ȊȣȒțȘȐȓ ș ȜȐȕȕȖȔ ȗȈȘț

130
țȋȘȦȔȣȝ ȚȘțȉȖȒ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȕȈȘțȉȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȌȘȖȊ ȏȈ-
ȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ Ȑ ȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǴțȘȔȈȕț ǵȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ ȎȌȈȓȐ ș ȔȐȕțȚț
ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȖȌȔȖȋȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȗȍȠȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȗȖȘȈ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǼȈȑȕȖȔ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȒȈ
ǩȣȓ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȒȈȕȈȌȍȞ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȏȕȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ǯȈșȣȗȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȗ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǼȈȑȕ ȐȏȓȐȓșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȘțȋȈȕȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ©ȉȖȠȍȑª Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȈȌȞȈ
ǷȖȗțȚȕȖ ǼȈȑȕ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ ǷȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȕȍ șȚȍ-
șȕȧȧșȤ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ șțȔȒȍ ȖȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ǰ ǼȈȑȕ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȗȍȚȘȖȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȔ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȔ ǬȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȐȝ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȏȈȊȖȌșȒȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȔȕȖȋȖȍ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ ș
șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȑ
ȌȈȓ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȒȈșȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ Ȓ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȊȣȧșȕȐȓ ȒȈȕȈȌȍȞ Ȋȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ șȊȧȏȐ ǷȍȚȘȖȏȈȊȖȌșȒȈ ș ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȗ ȔțȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȈȝ ǼȈȑȕ țȎȍ ȗȖȌțȔȣȊȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊșȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȗțȓȦ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȕȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ
ǵȈ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȒȍ ȒȈȕȈȌȍȞ ș țȕȣȓȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȏȈȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȓț ȔȍȘȏȓȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȈ-
ȒȈ ǮȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǼȈȑȕ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ șȚȘȍȓȖȟȕȐȒȈ ǶȉȔȍȘȏȠȍȍ
țșȈȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ
— ǴȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ǷȖȊȍȏȍȚ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȍȑȠȐȑ ǲȕȐȎȍȟȍȒ-ȚȖ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ"
ǼȈȑȕ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ș ǰȊȈȕȣȟȍȔ Ȑ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗȉ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȍ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȉȣȚȤ"
— ǺȘțȌȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǪȖȚ ȘȈȏȊȍ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȍȝȈȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ Ȓ ǵȐ-
ȒȖȓȈȦ ǰȊȈȕȣȟț Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȏȈșȈȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȏȈȓȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȅȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȈ-
ȕȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȐȝ
ǼȈȑȕ ș ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȈȘȈȒ ȋȌȍ ȔȍȘȏ ȒȈȕȈȌȍȞ
— ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋșȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȍȌȍȔ
— ǹȖȉȈȒȐ" Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
ǼȈȑȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȊȍȏȚȐ ȌȖ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȗRHȏȌȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌȖȘȖȋȖ
ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ǷȖȌșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȕȖȘȊȍȎȍȞ ȕȖ ǼȈȑȕ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȉȝ
ȚȈȒ ȎȈȓȤ șȈȕȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȐȝ ǬȈ ȍȌȍȔ Ȏȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȍȌȍȔ
— ǫȖȌȌȍȔ — ȟȖȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȘȐșȒțȦ — ȒȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ
ȗȖ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ șțȔȒȍ
— ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǴȈȑ ȈȘȔțȘ ȥȌȖ ȔȈȑ ȓȧȑȜ — ȔȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǹ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȈȔȐ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ
— ǳȈȌȕȖ ǭȌȍȔ
ǹȖȉȈȒȐ țȎȍ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȉțȉȍȕȟȐȒȈȔȐ ǺȈȑȋȈ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ
șȚȍȕȖȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȚȘȖȐȝ ǲțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ ȉȍșȒȘȈȑȕțȦ ȚȤȔț țȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ

131
ȓȍȋȒȐȍ șȈȕȒȐ ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ ǳȍș ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǪȣșȣȗȈȓȐ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȚȖȋȘȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȖȓȍȕȤȐȔȐ ȠȒțȘȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ
țȐșȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȌȖșȒț ȊȣȒțȘȐȓȐ șȖȚțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȒȍȗșȚȍȕȈ
ǵȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȌȘȍȔȈȓ
ǷȘȖȡȍ Ȑ ȞȍȓȍșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊșȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȔț șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗțȓȦ ȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȗȖȌ ȕȍȔȣȔ ȠȈȚȘȖȔ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȍ
ȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ șȗȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ
ǼȈȑȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǩȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȈȧ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȈȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȎȍȘȚȊ ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ — ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȓȍȌȍȕȧ-
ȡȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȘȍȓ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǸȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȈ-
ȓȤȟțȋȈȕ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ șȖ șȒȈȔȤȐ ȒȖȓȓȍȌȎȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȖșȐȚ ȏȈȗȧȚȕȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ
ȔȈȓȖ ǪȘȍȌȍȕ ȕȍ Ȗȕ ȊȘȍȌȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǸȐșȒȕȍȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ǸȐșȒ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒ.
ǴȈȓȖȌțȠȐȍ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȐȓȐ ǯȈȒȖȕ ȎȐȏȕȐ"
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȡȈȌȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǰ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ
ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȘȍȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȘțȚȐȓ ȘțȒȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ Ȓ șȈȕȧȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȕȖȋȐ ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȒȓȈȉȐȓșȧ ȌȈ ȌȈ
ǼȈȑȕ șȘȍȏȈȓ ș ȒȈȕȈȌȞȈ ȔȈțȏȍȘ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȓȍȊțȦ șțȔȒț ǺțȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȘț-
ȚȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȘȍȔȕȧȔȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ǼȈȑȕț șȚȈȓȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȖ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȠțȚȐȚȤ ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ țȎȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȖȉȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȐȏțȔȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǷȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȋȘȈȌ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ șȓȖȊ.
ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȠțȚȐȚȤ ȐȓȐ țȋȘȖȎȈȚȤ
— ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȗȈȓȐ șȈȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
țȗȈȓȐ
— ǬȈ ȕȖ ȖȚȊȧȎȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȉțȌț ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ" Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ ǹȗȐȚȍ
ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȈȓ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ
— ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȈș șȊȧȏȈȓ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȍșȚȤ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ȒȖȋȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȚȖȋȖ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȏȕȈȒ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǹȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǶȟȍȕȤ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ǹȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȞȈȘȍȑ Ȑȏ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȧ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ
ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓșȧ ǹȈȕȐ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȚȈȑȋȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖș-
ȓȈȧ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȘȖșȓȤ ǷȘȖșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȝ ȋȖȘ ǶȉȎȐȋȈȦȡȍȍ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȘȈȊȕȐȕ Ȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ
ȠȒțȘȣ ǲȈȕȈȌȍȞ ȠțȚȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȎȍ

132
— ǷȖȘțȟȐȒ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȠȖȒȐȕȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȠțȚȒȐ ȕȍ-
țȔȍșȚȕȣ ǩȘȖșȐȔ ȥȚȖ
ǼȈȑȕ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— ǵț ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȕț ȗȖȚȍȘȗȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚțȚ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖȋȖ"
ǼȈȑȕ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȞȈ ȚȘțȉȒț ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȉțȚȣȓȒț țȐșȒȐ Ȓ ȋț-
ȉȈȔ șȔȍȠȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȘȍȝȟȈșȖȊȣȔȐ
ȌȕȧȔȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȈȕȒȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȟȈȝȓȣȍ Ȓțș-
ȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȚțȕȌȘȍ ǶȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȉȖȏȘȐȔȣȍ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȣ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȖȧȕȒȐ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ șȈȕȍȑ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȘȈȊȕȐ-
ȕȍ ȘȈȏȔȐȕȈȧ ȕȖȋȐ
ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ-
ȘȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȘȖȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȓȖ șȚȈȓ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȔ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȖȊȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ
ǻȊȓȍȒȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ țȊȓȍȒȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȔțȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ Ȗ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ țȓȖȊȐȊ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ șȖȉȈȒ ǸȈșȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȐȕțȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȊȠȐȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ Țȍș-
ȕȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǼȈȑȕȈ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȈȘȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ Ȑȏ șȈȕȍȑ
ǼȈȑȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȏț Ȑ ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ țȎȍ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȍȟȤ ȋțȓȓȤșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȥȌȐȕȉțȘȋșȒȐȍ ȌȖȒȍȘȣ ȋȘțȏȧȡȐȍ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ Ȋȣ ȒȖȘȕțȥȓȤșȒȐȍ ȘțȌȖȒȖȗȣ ȕȍ
ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȑȚȍ Ȏȍ ȊȖȑȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȣȗȤȍȚ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȖȒȐ ȕȍ ȐȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȈȘ-
ȔȐȦ ȉȈșȚțȑȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȣȊȈȑȚȍ ǹȖȊȍȚȣ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓț șȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȓȐȒȍ
Ǫ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȚțȕȌȘȈȝ șȍȊȍȘȈ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔȐ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȈȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȖȊ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǹȖȉȈȒȐ șȉȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȘȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȓȐ ȠȍȘșȚȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȘȈȋț
ǼȈȑȕ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ
— Ǫ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȔȐȚȐȕȋțȦȚ
ǷȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȖ țȓȣȉȒȈ — ȕȍ ȖȚ  ȓȐ ȔȖȘȖȏȈ" — ȒȖȕȊțȓȤ-
șȐȍȑ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ǪȌȘțȋ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȍȠȍȕțȦ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȋȕȍ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǫȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒ« ȧ ȊȐȎț Ȋȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒ
ǼȈȑȕ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȔȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ

133
ǳȐȞȖ ȒȈȕȈȌȞȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ țȎȈșȈ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȖșȚȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȗțș-
ȚȣȕȐ
ǼȈȑȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȈȔ ȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋȣ ȧȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ ȏȈȓȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ ȏȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ
ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ
ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɥ ɜɵɤɪɢɤɢɜɚɬɶ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɚɡɵ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȏțȚ ȕȍ ȚțȌȈ — Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȉ Ȓ
ȔȖȐȔ Ȏȍ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔ"
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȈȠȐȝ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚșȦȌȈ« ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ — ǼȈȑȕ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȍȊȍȘȈ

ǹȖȉȈȒȐ țȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȘȣȟȈȓȐ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȒȈ-
ȕȈȌȍȞ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘțȋȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌ
ǹȈȕȐ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȍ
ǸțșșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǿȍȘȚȍȕȖȒ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǼȈȑȕȍ
— Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȠțȚȒȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ ȗȖȔȐ-
ȘȐȔșȧ"
ǵȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȠțȚȐȓȐ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǩȖȓȤȠȍȊȐșȚșȒȐȍ ȓȖȏțȕȋȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ șȖȉȈȒ
Ǫ ȚȖȕ ȍȔț ǼȈȑȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǰșȚȐȕȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȔț ȟȍȔ Ȓ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘț ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȐȕțȓ
— ȀțȚȒȐ ȉȖȠȍȑ
ǵȖ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǼȈȑȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ș ȓȈȍȔ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȕȍȋț
ǷȖȚȖȔ șȈȕȐ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț ȏȈȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȕȍȋ ǶȒȖȓȖ șȈȕȍȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȍșȤ țȚȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ
Ȋ Ȕȍȝț ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ Ȋ șȈȕȧȝ
Ȑ ȕȈ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ

135
ǲǻǳǰǻǶǸ ǯǳǹǼǱǰǮǾǲǳǷȄǮ
ǲȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐ șȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ  ȟȈșȖȊ ǼȈȑȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ Ȓȍ-
ȘȍȠȒȍ șȈȕȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȖȓȍȕȤȐȔȐ ȠȒțȘȈȔȐ ǴȟȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȉ
ȗȘȐȋȕțȊȠȐȑ ȘȖȋȈ Ȓ șȗȐȕȍ șȊȍȚȓȖșȍȘȣȑ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ ȖȓȍȕȤ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȒȍ șȐȌȍȓ
șȢȍȎȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȚȤ ȏțȍȒ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖ-ȗȖȔȖȘșȒȐ ǷțȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ Ȉ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ șȚțȌȍȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ
Ǫ Țțȗȍ ȏȐȔȕȍȍ ȓȖȗȈȘșȒȖȍ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȈ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȖȔ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐȔȐȕțȚȕȖȋȖ șȗȖȘȈ ȕȈ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȓ ȓȖȗȈȘȧȔ Ȋ
ȋȓțȠȤ ȋȌȍ șȈȔ ȟȖȘȚ ȕȍ șȣȡȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȐȔȖ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȖȗȈȘȐ ȕȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ
ǪȓȐȊȠȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ șȖȓȐȌȕțȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȘȖȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȚȖȟȕțȦ ȐȕȜȖȘ-
ȔȈȞȐȦ Ȗ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ ǼȈȑȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ șțȚȖȒ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ǵȈșȒȖȘȖ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȧȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǶȒȐȕțȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖșȊȖȐȓ-
șȧ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȉȘȍȊȍȕ ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ
ȊȖȏȕȐȒȠȐȑ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȍ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐȏȔȈ
ǯȈ ȟȈș ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȖșȊȖȐȓșȧ ș ȗȖȓțȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȐ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ ǵȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ Ȏȍ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ
șȍȉȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȐȟȕțȦ ȞȍȓȤ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ǷȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȣȔ ȗțȚȧȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȋȖ ȓȤȌȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȖȔ șȊȍ-
Țȍ ȒȘțȚȐȓșȧ ȝȖȒȒȍȑ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓ-
șȧ Ȓ ȉȘȍȊȍȕȟȈȚȖȑ ȉțȌȒȍ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǴțȘȐȝț ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȈȌȘȍșȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ț ȚȊȍȘșȒȐȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ
ǼȈȑȕț ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ
Ǫ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȎȐȘȖȊ Ȑ ȠȒțȘ ȏȈȘȣȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȧȗȤȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȣ ©ȌȧȌȍȕȤȒȐª ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȈȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ș ǴțȘȐȝȖȑ ȅȚȈ ȊȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȖȚ ȔȖȘȖȏȈ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐ șȓȖȊȖȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ
ǰ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȊȠȐ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖșȚȐ ©ȋȖșȚȧª ȖȕȈ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ-
ȗȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ ǩȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧ ȍȑ ȍȍ Ȏȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ǷȘȧȔȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȣ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓ ȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȗȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȕȖ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȖ
©ǶȚȚțȌȈª țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍșȚȖȟȒȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ǷȖȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣ ȌȈ ȗȖșȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ-ȚȖ Țȣ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ" ǷȘȐȊȍȏ ǿȚȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ
ǹȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ǰ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȁȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ ȖȚȒțȠȈȑ ǼȈȑȕ

136
ȖȚȒțȠȈȓ ȡȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǴțȘȐȝȈ șȚȈȓȈ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ǳȈȌȕȖ ȚȈȔ ǵȈȌȖ ȚȈȒ ǹȚȈȘȠȐȍ ȊȍȓȍȓȐ ǶȚ ȌȊȍȘȒȐ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ șȈȕȒȐ ș
ȔȍșȚȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȏțȍȒ ȏȈȖȘȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȔȐȕțȚț ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȤȔț
ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȣșȧȟȍȊȍȘșȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȖȊ
ǮȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȈȧ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǸȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȍȊȍȘȕȍȍ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ
Ȋ ȉȈȘȈȒȍ ț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ-ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ țȓȍȋșȧ Ȋ șȈȕȒȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȖȏȍ ȕȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȈș ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓ
ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘșȒȐȔ ȉȘȍȌȖȔ ȒȘȖȍȚșȧ" ǲȘȖȍȚșȧ ȕȍ-
șȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ǴȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȦȚ ȅȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ" ǹȒȖȕ-
șȗȐȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ȓȖȊȒȖ ǵȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȖ"
ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȋȓțȠȈȓȖ ǶȚȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȕȍȉȈ Ǫ șȗȓȖȠ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȗȖȌȒȐȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
Ȓȍ — ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ǿțȚȤ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȓȣșȈȧ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ ȧȡȍȘȖȊȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ Ȋȣ-
ȚȧȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȐȏȓȖȔȣ ȘȖȋȖȊ ǹȓȍȊȈ
ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȕȍșȚȍȘ-
ȗȐȔȖ șȐȧȦȡȐȑ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ ȋȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ǼȈȑȕȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȍȌț ș ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȔ Ȋ ǷȈȔȐȘȍ
ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȍ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȘȒȖ
ǼȈȑȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȧ ǲȈȒ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȌȊȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ țȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ȋȐ-
ȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȐșȚȍȔț ǺȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȖ Ȑ șȚȘțȐȓȖșȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȚȖȒȖȔ ǺțȔȈȕ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȑșȧ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚȣșȧȟȍȊȍȘșȚȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȕȍșȓȖ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȈȔ Ȉ ȏȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȔȐ
șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ ǰȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȕȈ
ȕȍȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȚȣșȧȟȍȊȍȘșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȔȐȔȖ Ȗȋȓț-
ȠȈȧ ȠțȔȖȔ Ȑ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ țȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ
ǻȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȋȘȍȏȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ǲȈȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ șȌȈ-
ȊȐȓȈ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ǵȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȔ
ȔȍȠȒȍ ǯȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȟȒț
— ǹȗțșȚȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȗȖȚȍȗȓȍȍȚ ȘȈȏȖȔ — țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ șȐȕȍȋȓȈȏȣȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ
Ǩ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ — șȚȖȧȓȈ țȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȒȖȓȖȔ
— ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ǰ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
ǺțȔȈȕ ȘȈșșȚțȗȐȓșȧ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ șȌȈȓ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȈșȤ șȍȘȈȧ șȍȌȈȧ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ ǹȈȕȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ țȗȖȘ
Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ șȐȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ ǷȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ǯțȍȒ
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȣȉȈȔȐ ǶȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȈȉȐ-

137
ȘȐȕȚȍ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ǷȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ șȊȖȌȣ șȊȐșȈȓȐ ȓȍ-
Ȍȧȕȣȍ ȋȓȣȉȣ șȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ șȈȕȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈ-
ȔȐ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȓȍȕȧ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ șȈȕȒȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ǷȖȠȓȖ ȘȖȊȕȍȍ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ǼȈȑȕț ȗȖȌ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȓȍȌ
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ǻ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ȖȉȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȊȕȈȔȐ șȈȕȒȐ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ǫ șȒȈȓȈȝ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ șȈȘȈȐ ȋȘțȌȈ ȘȣȉȤȐȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȖȚ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȎȐȓȤȧ ǪȣșȖȒȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ șȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȓȣȉȣ ș țȏȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ǻȍșȕȣȑ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌ Ȋ ȘȖȊȕțȦ ȌȈȓȤ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȚțȦ ȔȧȚȍȓȐȞȍȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȗȓȈȊț-
ȟȐȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘȧ ǫȖȓȤȜ-
ȠȚȘȍȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȡțȚȐȔȣȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȦȎȕȣȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȔȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȋȕȍȑșȣ — șȚȍȕȣ ȚȐȚȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ
ǼȈȑȕ ȗȖȡțȗȈȓ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȐȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒț ǿȈȌȐȓ ȜȐ-
ȚȐȓȍȒ ȒȖȗȚȐȓȒȐ ǶȒȖȕȞȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȓȤȌȈ ǶȠȍȓȖȔȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȊȖȕȤ.
ǰ ȕȐ ȌțȠȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȣ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȔȈȧ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȌȖ ȖșȍȕȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȝȘȈȕȧȚșȧ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȒȖȑ-
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ǯȐȔț Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ șȚȖȘȖȎ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ș ȒȘȍȔȕȍȊȣȔ
ȘțȎȤȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔț ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȌȖ țȔȖȗȖȔȘȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȚ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȐȓȐ
ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ș ȔȖȘȧ Ǫ ȔȈȘȚȍ ȐȓȐ ȈȗȘȍȓȍ ș ȗȖȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ șȦȌȈ ȈȘ-
ȚȍȓȤ ș ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȚȖȘȎȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȖ ǯȌȍșȤ ȠȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȊȖȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȘȣ
— ȓȍȌ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓ șȒȈȓȣ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈ-
ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȎȐȓȐ ȏȐȔȖȑ
— ǻȠȍȓ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȒțȌȈȑ-ȚȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȏțȍȒ ǼȈȑȕ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȍȋȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ ȓȍȎȈȊȠțȦ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ǯȈșȓȖȕȐȓ ȠțȉȖȑ șȚȖȓ ȖȚ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓ Ȓ ȜȐȚȐȓȤȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
©ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȍȕșȒȖȔ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ǶȗȧȚȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ț
ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ș ǵ ǩȈȘȖȕ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȘȊȍȕ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȑ șȒȘȣȚȍȕ ǭȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȓȧȉȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȘȍȌȐȚ Ȍȍȓț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǵ
ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚ ș ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȔțșȒțȓȈȚțȘȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ-ȧșȕȣȔ țȔȖȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǵ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȕȐȔ
«ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
ǷȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȚȤ ȉȘȍșȚșȒȖȍ ȗȖȏȖȘȐȡȍ ǵȍȔȞȣ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȧȦȚ
ǸțșȤ
«ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
ǿȤȧ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǷȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ǬȖȔȈ ȕȍ ȕȖȟțȦ ǯȈȗȐșȒȈ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȕȈȔȍȒȖȊ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȈȌ-
Șȍșț
«ȧȕȊȈȘȧ

138
ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȔȖȍȔț ȋȖșțȌȈȘȦ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȅȚȈ
ȗȖȓțȜȘȈȕȞțȎȍȕȒȈ șȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȋșȍ Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȗ ȍȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
ș ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȗȓȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȐȓȐ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ" ǵ ȉțȌȍȚ șȔȍȚȍȕ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǰȓȐ"
ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȔȖȑ ș ǵȈȚȈȠȍȑ
— ǴȐȟȔȈȕ Ȋȣ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȌȖȓȋț ȟȍșȚȐ ǪȈȠȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȋȈȘȌșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȒȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȞț ǭȊȚȐȝȐȦ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ Ƕ
ȔȖȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ș ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȅȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ"
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǮȌț ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȑ țȟȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȊȈȠȐȝ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǶȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— Ǫȣ șȔȍȕȐȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǹȐȓȐȕȈ ȕȈ Ȕȣșȍ ǷȖȌȓȍȌȕȖȔ ǵȖ Ȋȣ șȔȍȕȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȋȊȖȏȌȐȊȠȐ ȗțȓȍȑ Ȓ țȚȍșț ǰșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǲȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕ Ȑ ȟ Ȥ Ȑ ȝ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍ-
ȕȐȑ
ȇ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȐȟȤȐȝ
ǶȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ȇ ȧȊȓȧȦșȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȟȐȞȍȑ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ țȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ
ǻȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ
ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ
ǺȈȒ ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȋ ȘȖȓȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ȈȗȚȍȒȈȘșȒȐȔȐ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȈȔȐ ǯȈ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖȌ șȓȖȍȔ ȓȤȌȈ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ǷȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȖȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ǵȖ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȊȣȝȖȌ
ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ
ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǵ ș ȉȈȘȖȕȖȔ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ǭȌț
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȣȎȐȔ ȟȍȘȚȍȕȒȖȔ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȟȍȔ-
ȚȖ ȍȌȍȚ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȍ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȚșȧ"ª
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȓȐȚȣ șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ǩ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǼȈȑȕ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ȖȚ șȚȖȓȈ
ǶȉȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǷȖȘțȟȐȒ ǷȘȖȚȈșȖȊ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǼȈȑȕ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠțȦ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȜȈ-
ȔȐȓȐȦ
— ȇ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ǼȈȑȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȐ ǵ ȔȍșȧȞ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ Ȋ ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ Ȍȓȧ ȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǲ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕ ș ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȘțȟȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ țșȒȖȘȐȚȤ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ
ǪȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȓ

140
țȍȌȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȣȊȍȌȈȓ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȍ ȈȌȘȍșȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ șȗȈȚȤ ǵȖ șȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ș țȔȈ ȖȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȔȐȟȔȈȕ
ȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȔȐȟȔȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȐȓȈ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌ-
ȒȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒ șȈȔ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȋȖ
șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ǰ ǼȈȑȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ Ȟȍ-
ȘȍȔȖȕȧșȤ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒȖȊȣ ȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ"
ǴȐȟȔȈȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ
— ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȐȓȐ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ" ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȕȍȚ ǫȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȈȧ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȦȡȍȍ
ȕȈȌ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȍȑ ȅȚȖ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊț ȕȈȌ ȔȐȘȖȔ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȔȍȕț ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ — ǲȈȓȥ-ǩȈȋȌȈȌȖȔ ǿȐșȚȖ ȥȋȖȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ Șȍ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ǯȈȉȣȚȈ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ Ǵȣ Ȏȍ ȝȖȚȐȔ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȕȈȌ ȔȐȘȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘțșșȒțȦ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȘțȌȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȈ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ
șȗȖȘ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ș ȧȌȖȔ ȌȊȈ ȐȒș ȗȘȖȓȖȎȐȚ ȕȈȔ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȓ ǩȍȘȓȐȕț ȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ ǳȖȕȌȖȕț
ǼȈȑȕț ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǩ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȧȌ" ǯȕȈȍȚȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȚȈȒ șȉȐȊȟȐȊȣ Ǵȣ
ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ
— Ƕ ȧȌȍ ȌȊȈ ȐȒș" ǵȍșȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ" ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ ǷȘȖȠȓȖȋȖȌȕȐȝ Ȗȗȣ-
ȚȖȊ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǪȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȖȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȍȍ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȈȧ șȒȈȓȈ Ȑ șȕȍ-
șȍȕȕȖȍ ș ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐșȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȍ ȕȈȌ
ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȧȌ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ  ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȘȖȘȣȓ ȘȖȊȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȌȊȈ ȈȘȠȐȕȈ Ȋ
ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȍ șȊȣȠȍ șȖȘȖȒȈ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ǶȗȣȚȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȐ ȈțȓȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȍ ȊȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ
ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȔ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ
— ǪȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȧȌȈ ǪȖȗȘȖș ȏȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ Ȋ Ȓț-
ȓȤȚțȘȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ
Ȋ ǲȘȍȔȓȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȈȓȧȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȠȚțȒȈȚțȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǳȦȌȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ Ȗ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȐȔȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȍȔȖȑ ǵȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȘȍȔȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ șȓȖȧȔȐ ȧȌȈ Ǫ ȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȗȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȘȈȏȘȧȌț ȕȈȟȕȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȧȌȈ ǬȊȖȘȍȞ Ȋ
ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȈ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȗȍȓ ǫȘȐȠȒȐ ǶȚȘȍȗȤȍȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏ-
ȕȍȍ — ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"

ǹȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȐȕȌțȒȞȐȐ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȚșȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ țȟȘȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȠȚțȒȈȚțȘȍȕȣ ș ȗȘȐȔȍșȤȦ ȌȊȈ ȐȒș ǰȏ
țȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ ȖȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȎȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ Ȕȣ ȐȏȌȈȍȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ
Ȗ ȕȍȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǵȈȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȘȈȍȚșȧ șȚȘțȍȑ ȧȌȈ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȈ-
ȓȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕțȎȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐșȚȣ șȖȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚ Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ǹȊȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȋȓȈșȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ǵȣ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȦ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȍ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȍȔ ȍȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ ǷȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȍȚșȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȗțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȐ șȓțȟȈȧȝ Ȕȣ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȔșȧ
ș ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȧȌȈ
— Ǩȝ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǼȈȑȕ
— Ǩ șȗȖșȖȉ ȀȍȑȌȍȓȧ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ" ǪȖȌȕȣȑ șȗȖ-
șȖȉ ǻȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȗțȕȒȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȈȚȈȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ǲȐȓȤ ȇȌȖȊȈȧ ȔȐȕȈ
ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȍȚșȧ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȘȍȑȌȈ ǼȓȖȚ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȉȍș-
șȓȍȌȕȖ ǹȕȖșȐȚ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔ ȔȐȘț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȚȖȊ ǩȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǴȐȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȐȋȈ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈȊȍȕșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȐ ǶȝȘȈȕȈ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ ǫțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ!
ǯȈȔȒȕȍȚșȧ ȒȈșȚȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ǹȊȖȧ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȈ ǽȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȍȔ ǾȍȓȤ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȔțȌȘȣȝ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȏȋȐȓȤȌȧȐ ȓȍȕ-
ȚȧȐ ȕȐȡȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ǹȖȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȊ ǪȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ
ȊȖȑȕ ȕȐ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȞȐȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȧȌȈ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȖȡȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚȈ

142
ǮǾǼǺǮ-Ȁǳǹǹǳ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȓȖȗșȒȈȧ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȕȍțȔȖȓȟȕȣȑ ȟȈșȚȣȑ ȚȖȗ ȖȓȍȕȤȐȝ ȒȖȗȣȚ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȠȖȘȖȝ Ȗ șȕȍȋ
șȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȖ șȕȍȋț ȟțȚȤ ȊȣȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȝ ȗȐȒȖȊ ȊȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȌȊțȝȟȈșȖȊȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ țȍȏȎȈȦ
ǸȖȋȈ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȧȡȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ șȈȕȧȝ ș ȈȌȘȍșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ Ȋ ȉȓȖȒȕȖȚȍ ǼȈȑȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȍȏȎȈȧ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ ȓȍȚȍȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ șȖ-
ȊȍȚșȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ țȎȍ ȓȍșȈ ǺȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȍȓȍȑ șȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȘȖȦ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȓȍȑ ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ț ȓȖȗȈȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȐȔȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȋȖșȚȈ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȗȚȍȓȣȝ Țțȗ ǰȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ
— ǹȚȘȈȕȕȐȒț ȌȈȓ — ȕȈ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȍ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋȏȧȓ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȔȍȠȈȧ ȘțșșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ș ȓȖȗȈȘșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ ǼȈȑȕȈ Ȋ Țțȗț Ǹȍ-
ȠȐȓ ȏȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ Ǫ ȚȧȒțȊȍ ȘȖȌ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȓȍȦȡȐȝ țȋȓȧȝ ȉțȘȓȐȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ
ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒț ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȖȓȍȕȤȍȋȖ ȎȐȘȈ Ǫșȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȎȐȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȡțȡȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ
ȕȈ ȠȒțȘȈȝ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ǼȈȑȕȈ șȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȤȦȡȍȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȖȏȍ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ Ƕȕ
ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȐȘȕȖȑ ȌțȝȖȚȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ǪȍȘȚȍȓ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȍȏȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖșȚȐ
ǫȖȉȌȈș șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ șȊȍ-
ȚȈ ǵȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȜȐȋțȘ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǼȈȑȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈ-
ȕȐȕȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȒȖșȖȊȖȘȖȚȒȈȝ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȈȔ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȊȣȌȍȓȣȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȉȌȈșȖȊ ǰ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ țȏȒȐȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȈȘȐȒ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȊȣȘȍȏȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌ
ȕȖș ȗȖȓțȕȈȗȍȊȈȧ ȕȈ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ — ȓȖȗȈȘșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȝȐȚ-
ȘȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖșȚȧ
ǬȘȍȔȖȚȈ ȗȘȐȋȐȉȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǼȈȑȕȈ Ȓ ȠȒțȘȈȔ ǵȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȕȐȍ ȓȖȗȈȘȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ
ǴȍȎȌț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ ȓȖȗȈȘșȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ȗȕ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ ȘțșșȒȐȍ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ
ǹȒȈȟȍȚ șȒȈȟȍȚ ǨȘȖȔȈ-Ǻȍȓȓȍ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȖȝȖȚȐȚșȧ ǸȖșȚȖȔ ȌȍșȧȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȝ
șȖșȍȕ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ș ȉȣȒȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ ǫȖȕȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȖȓȍȕȍȔ ǶȓȍȕȤ ȉȍȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȘȖȋȈ

143
ǹȒȈȟȍȚ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȌȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȓȖȗȈȘșȒȐȝ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ǩ ȒȚȖ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȋȓȖȝȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȔȐȘȈȍȚ
ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț Ȋ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ǹȓȣȠț ȏȍȔȓȧ ȚȘȧșȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȣ ȘȈș-
șȍȓȐșȤ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤ ǶȏȍȘȈ ȐșșȧȒȕțȚ ȔȖȘȍ ȖșȒțȌȍȍȚ ȊȣșȖȝȕȍȚ
ǹȚȖȑ ǵȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕȐșȤ ǻȎȍ Ȗȕ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ǽȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȓȖȉ
Ȗȓȍȕȧ ǫȖȘȍ ǶȋȖȕȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȋȖȘȣ ȒȐȗȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
ȔȖȘȧ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȖȕȏȐȓ ǨȘȖȔȈ-Ǻȍȓȓȍ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȕȖȎ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȗȈ-
ȌȈȓȐ ǳțȕȈ ȗȖȚțȝȓȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ țȚȖȕțȓȖ ǹȚȈȘȐȒȐ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȍȚț.
ǪȣȌȤ ȕȈ ǴȖȕȟȤ-ȚțȕȌȘț ȕȈ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȈ ǺȘȐȜȖȕȖȊț ȊȈȘȈȒț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȓțȠȈȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȒȈȔȕȐ"
ǷȘȐȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȖȓȍȕȐ ȘȖȋȈ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍș ȖȌȐȕ ȘȖȋ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ǸȈȏȌȊȐȕȍȚ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȋțȉȣ ȏțȉȣ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șȣȗȍȚ-
șȧ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ ǺțȚ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȈȝ ȕȍȏȌȍȠȕȐȑ
ȏȊȍȘȤ — ȝȊȖșȚ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȊȖȌȒȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȓȖȗșȒțȦ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȓȖȗȈȘȦ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȐ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȕȐ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ǰ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ
ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȖȓȍȕȧȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ Ȉ ȉȍ-
ȋțȚ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ Ȗȓȍȕȧ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ" ǵȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȈ-ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ǲȈȕ-
ȌȈȓȈȒȠȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȈ-ȋțȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ǨȘȝȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȍ ǹȚȈȓȐ
ȖȌȕȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧȚ ǰ ȋȖȘȣ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȐ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǹȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǵȖ-
șț ȘȈșșȍȓȐșȤ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȊșȦȌț ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȚȒȐ
ǺțȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȕȍșȐȚȍ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉțȌȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈȝ ȏȈ
ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǵȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ ǨȘȖȔȈ-Ǻȍȓȓȍ șȒȈȟȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ȔȐȘț
Ǫșȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȊȘțȚ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȘȣȉȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȒȈ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȖȔț ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȋȖȘȍ"
ǼȈȑȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǭȔț ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍȔ șȈȔȖȔ
ǹȒȈȟȍȚ șȒȈȟȍȚ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȚ ǹȚțȌȍȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȘȖȋȈ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȚȣ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ǩ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȖȑ ǪȍȏȍȚ Șțș-
șȒȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ Ȋ ȧȡȐȒȍ ȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȔȖȘȧ
ǷȘȐȊȍȏȍȚ ȧȡȐȒ Ȋ ǷȐȚȍȘ ȚȈȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȋȖȘȐȚ
ǸȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȈȌțȚ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȏȊȍȘȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȈȝ ȕȍȒȖȔț
ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȚȤ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ ȖșȚȈȕțȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐ ȓȖȗȈȘȐ ǺțȚ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȖȊȍșȧȚ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȐȚȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȔȈȎțȚșȧ ȖȓȍȕȤȐȔ ȎȐȘȖȔ Ȉ ȘȍȒȐ ȗȖȚȍȒțȚ ȘȣȉȤȐȔ ȎȐ-
ȘȖȔ
Ƕȑ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȘȖȋȈ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȖȑ
ǰ țȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ

ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȒȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȓ ȘȖȋȈ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȖȑ"
ǹȒȈȟȍȚ șȒȈȟȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȑȌȈ ȖȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ǶȌȐȕ ȌȊȈ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ǫ șȈȕȧȝ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȋȌȍ ȖȓȍȕȤ
ȘȖȋȈ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ țȎȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȖȔ
ǷȘȈȊȌț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ
ǹȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȖȓȍȕȦ ȗȘȖȔȍȎȌț ȘȖȋȖȊ Ȗȕ țȗȈȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ țȗȈȌțȚ ș
ȕȍȉȈ ǪȖȕȏȧȚ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȕȖȎ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚȈȕțȚ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȓȖȗ-
șȒțȦ Ȑ ȓȖȗȈȘȍȑ Ȑ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ Ȑ șȖȉȈȒ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȣ Ȑ ȖȏȍȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȓȍș-
ȕȣȍ ǩțȌțȚ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ǲȖȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǲȈȕȌȈȓȈȒȠȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǨȘ-
ȝȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǷȐȚȍȘȍ
ǬȘȍȔȖȚȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ș ǼȈȑȕȈ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
ǺȘȧș ȓȖȗȈȘȧ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǺȖȚ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȝȐȚȘȖ ȗȖȌșȓȍȗȖȊȈ-
ȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ǫȌȍ ȋȌȍ"
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȚȈȔ ǼȈȑȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǵȖ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȒȖ ȓȉț ȓȖȗȈȘȧ
— ǯȈȗȘȧȋȈȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȍȏȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒțȦ
șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȏȈșțȍȚȐȓșȧ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȑ ǼȈȑȕ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȦȡȐȑ
șȔțȚȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ șȒȘȐȗȍȕȤȍ ȗȖȓȖȏȤȍȊ ȚȖ-
ȗȖȚ ȖȓȍȕȤȐȝ ȒȖȗȣȚ ȜȣȘȒȈȕȤȍ ǵȍșȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȐ șȈȕȒȐ ȕȍșșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ Ȍȍșȧ-
ȚȖȒ Ȑȝ ǶȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ țȋȖ-
Șȍȓȣȑ ǸțȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȐ ȘȍȔȕȐ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓȐșȤ ǶȓȍȕȤ ȚȖȗȚȈȓșȧ

145
ȅǮǿ ǿȁȀǸǮǺ
ǲȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ"
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ
ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȔȐȟȔȈȕȈ ǲȚȖ ȔȖȋ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȚȤ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ" ǰ ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ"
ǲȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ"
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ
ǼȈȑȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȋȖșȚ ȠțȔȈ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊȠȍȑ ȘȈȑȌȣ
Ȑ șȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ șȈȕȖȒ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȎȍ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȓȍȕȍ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȊ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ șȈȕȐ
Ȑ ȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȘțȟȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȈȧ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ȕȖ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȓȖ-
ȗȈȘȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȓ țȚȘț ǼȈȑȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȠțȔ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ șȈȕȖȒ
ǶȓȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ șȒȈȟȒȐ țȎȍ ȝȘȖȔȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ
ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȔ ǼȈȑȕț ǩȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖȍ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȟțȚȤȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȖ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ț ȓȖȗȈȘȍȑ ǼȈȑȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ǰȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
ǴȍȎȌț șȗȓȖȠȕȣȔȐ ȍȓȧȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȈ ǩȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȓȍȕȐ
ǻȎȍ ș ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȈ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ șȚȈȓ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȏȍȔȓȧȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȏȈșțȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȕȐ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ ȎȌȈȓ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȖș-
ȓȣȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȓȍȕȤ
ǼȈȑȕ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ
ǷȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȒȍ șȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ
ǵȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȓȖȗȈȘȍȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ ǼȈȑȕȈ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ
ǼȈȑȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ
Ǫȣȕțȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ — ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊșȒȐȍ — ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓ șȕȈȉȎȍȕ Ȋ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȉ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȍ ȕȍ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǳȖȗȈȘȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐșȍȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȕȣȓȐ
— ǶȌȕȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȚȈȑȋȍ ȉȍȏ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ ǪȍȘȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǼȈȑȕ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ
ǪȣȝȖȌ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ — șȗțȚȕȐȒ ǼȈȑȕȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈȔ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǷȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ șțȔȔȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ǼȈȑȕȖȔ
ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȓȖȗȈȘȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȈȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȖ-
Ȕț ȖȓȍȕȦ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȒȖȗȣȚț
ǳȖȗȈȘȤ șȔȍȧșȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ

146
— ǷȖȗȘȈȊȧȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ Ȉ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ-ȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȌȍȚ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȗțȓȤ ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȈȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȔȐ ǪșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋ șȈȕ-
ȒȐ ǹȊȍȎȐȑ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ — ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȖ-
ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ — ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒț ǳȖȗȈȘȐ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǹȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Șț-
ȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȗȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ
ǼȈȑȕ ȍȝȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ǲȈȕȌȈȓȈȒȠț ȕȖ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȐȔ ȒȘțȎȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ țȋȓțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ǷȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ ǼȈȑȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȉȖȒ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȎȈșȍ
șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȒț șȈȕȍȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȚțȌȈ Ȏȍ
ǵȍ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȚȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǵȍ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȍȠȤ
ǬȘȖȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ ȏțȉȣ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȏȈȊȣȓ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ǬȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȝȖȓȔȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȏȈȊȐȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȧ
ȗȖ șȒȓȖȕȈȔ ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȚȈȔ șȚȘțȐȓșȧ ȒȈȟȈȓșȧ
— ǩțȘȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȈȧ țȎȈșȕȈȧ" — ș șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
ǼȈȑȕ
ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȧȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ
— ǹȈȕȒȐ" ǵȖ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ țȒȓȖȕȖȊ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ țȏȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȍȍȘȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȖȘȚ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ" ǵȖ ȕȍȚ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȇșȕȖ ǨȥȘȖșȈȕȐ
ǰȏ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ ȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ
ț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȐ
Ǫșȍ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ǼȈȑȕȍ ǳțȟȠȐȑ ȖȓȍȕȤ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ 
ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ǵȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ Ȏȍ ȝȖȌ ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȍȑ  ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș
— ǹțȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȈșȈ ǵȍȌțȘȕȖ ǶȚȒȘȣȚȣ Ȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ" ǩȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ șȈȕȒȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȕȍȋ" ǺȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ
ǵȖ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ǴțȎȍșȚȊȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ƕȕ ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓ ȓȖȗȈȘȧ
— ǺȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ ǹ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȌȊȐȎțȚșȧ
Ȋ  ȘȈȏȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈș ȕȖ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȍ Ǫ ȋțșȚȖȔ ȓȍșț Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȈȝ
Ȕȣ ȐȏȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȍȍ
ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ
— ǺțȌȈ"

147
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ǵȈ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ Ȋ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȚȍșȕȐȕ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȈȚȤșȧ ǹȈȕȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȖȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȒȈȚțȦ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț Ȓ țȡȍȓȤȦ
ǹ ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȍȑ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
ǰȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȠȐȉȒȖȑ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȘȈșșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȌȖ țȡȍȓȤȧ ȒȈȒ ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȐ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȓȐȏȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ șȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȒȐȑ ȒȖȔȖȒ ȊȍșȤ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǼȈȑȕȈ șȈȔ Ȋȍȓ ȉȖȘȤȉț ǳȦȌȐ ȓȐ ȌțȝȐ ȓȐ Ȋ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ șȈȕȧȝ ȕȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ
ǷȖȓțȌȐȒȈȘȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȖȋȖ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍ-
ȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȈ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ
ǻȏȒȐȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȖȊȘȈȋ-ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț șȈȕȧȔ ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȕțȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȋ șȚȘțȕȒț Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȝȕțȓ ȖȊȘȈȋ ǷȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȊȠȐ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȕȍȋ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ Ȋȍȓ șȈȕȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȊȘȈȋȈ ȈȥȘȖ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȖ
ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȖȉȖȋȕȈȊ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ
ȉȍȘȍȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȏ-
ȒȐȑ ȖȊȘȈȋ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȖȓȍȕȦ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȓȍȋ Ȓ șȈȕȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȔț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȒȖșț ȉțȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋ
ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȒȘțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȖȊ-
ȘȈȋȈ ȗȍȘȍșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȕȍȕȧȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȊȣșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȣȒȐȕțȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȘȦȒ
ǷȖȒȈȚȣȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ șȒȓȖȕ șȒȈȓȣ ȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȓȍ-
ȌȧȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȔ ǹȦȌȈ-ȚȖ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȗȖȕȍșȠȐȍșȧ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ șȒȓȖȕȈ șțȔȍȓȐ ȏȈȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȚȤ Ȑ ȞȍȓțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
ȔȍȎȌț ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ Ȗȉ-
ȘȣȊȈ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖȏȤȧȔȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ǼȈȑȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȊȐșȠțȦ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȍȔ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘȍ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ
ȋȖȚȖȊȣȝ ȓȖȗȕțȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ș ȊȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȓȐȞ țȏȕȈȓ ȖȌȕȖ ǹȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ șȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐ-
ȟț ǿȈșȚȐȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȊȣȒȈȗȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȖ-
ȗȈȘȤ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȐȓ Ȓ ȝȖȓȔȈȔ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȌȖ țȡȍȓȤȧ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ țȎȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ.
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȍ ȖȗȓȣȊȠȐȍ șȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȔȈșșȣ
ǼȈȑȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȉ ȖȓȍȕȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǻȔȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȈțȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ ȕȍșȓȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȒȖ-

ȗȣȚȈȔȐ șȕȍȋȈ ȉȍȏ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ
ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǳȦȌȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȓȐ Ȓ șȈȕȧȔ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓȐ ǷȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ǹȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȔȈșșȣ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐșȤ ǵȈȟȈȓ șȍȧȚȤșȧ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ șȕȍ-
ȎȖȒ ǹȈȕȐ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȘȈșȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȉȊȈȓ ȗȖȋ-
ȓȖȚȐȓ ȈȥȘȖ ǶȕȐ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘ șȕȖȊȈ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ șȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȠȈȗȒȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ-
ȓȈ Ȑȝ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȓȖȝȖ ǹȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ
ǷȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȏȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ǳȖȗȈȘȤ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȓȍȕȍȔ ǵȖȊȣȑ
țȌȈȘ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓ ǼȈȑȕȈ Ȑȏ șȈȕȍȑ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ Ǫ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȝ
șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ș ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț șȈȕȒȈȔȐ ȓȍȚȍȊȠȍȋȖ Ȓț-
ȊȣȘȒȖȔ ǳȖȗȈȘȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȒȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ
ǵȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǹȏȈȌȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȈȊȐȕȣ
ǼȈȑȕ ȒȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȌȖ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖșȚȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ șȌȐȘȈȓ ȒȖȎț ș ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȏȈȎȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȖȑ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ șȎȐȋȈȧ țȉȐȊȈȧ ȌȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ
ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȐ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ

149
ǽǼǲ ǺǳǲǼǰȉǺ ǻǳǯǼǺ
ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȐȗȧȚȒȖȔ ȖȉȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȖ ȈȗȘȍȓȤșȒȖȍ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȒțșȈȦȡȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ȠȍȦ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
ǹȐȌȧ ț ȖȒȖȠȒȈ Ȋ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ǺțȘȟȍȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ©ȌȍȓȖ ǴȐȘȏȣ
ǼȈȑșțȓȖȊȈª
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
©ȇ ǴȐȘȏȈ-ǨȉȌțȓ ǼȈȑșțȓȖȊ  ȓȍȚ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ ȒțȗȍȞ ȉț-
ȌțȟȐ ȌȖȗȘȖȠȍȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȔ ǶȓȤȠȍȊșȒȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ -ȋȖ ȔȈȘȚȈ ș ȋ ȕȖȊȖ-
ȋȖ șȚȐȓȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ǹȈȑȌȈȋȈȘȖȊȣȝ ȧȡȐȒ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȧȡȐȒ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȟȐșȓȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȘȉȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȧȡȐȒ ȊȘțȟȍȕ ȖȚȢȍȏȎȈȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț
ǲȓȐȕȋȍȕȉȍȘȋț ǸȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍȑ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȚȖȘ-
ȋțȦ ȗȘȧȎȍȑ ǹ ǲȓȐȕȋȍȕȉȍȘȋȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ Ȋ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ǲȓȐȕ-
ȋȍȕȉȍȘȋ ȗȘȖșȐȓ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȈȌȘȍș ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ ȖȗȐțȔȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȒțȒȕȈȘȖȔ ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ
țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕ Ǭȍȕȍȋ ȖȚ ǲȓȐȕȋȍȕȉȍȘȋȈ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȓ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȔț ȚȖȊȈȘ Ȋ ȒȘȍȌȐȚ ș ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȘȈșȒȈȧȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȈ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȕȍ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȠȈȘȐȈȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ
ȗȖȌȗȐșȤª
— ǺȈȒ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȏȈȌȈȕȐȧȔ"
— ǿȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǵȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȘȍȠȖȒ Ȑ șȍȘȈȧ ȗȈȗȒȈ ©ȌȍȓȖª ȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ
— Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
Ǫ ǺțȘȟȍȒȈ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ǵȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȈȝ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ
— ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚțȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȑ ȠȓȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȟȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȠȈȑȚȈȕ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȈȝ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȊȍȚșȧ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ,
ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȝȈȕȣȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ǼȈȑșțȓȖȊț Ȋșȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȈ ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ-ȚȘȍ-
ȚȤȐȝ Ȋ-ȚȘȍȚȤȐȝ ȟȚȖ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȈȧ ȝȈȕȣȔ ȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚșȧ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ.
ǽȈȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐ-
ȘȖȔ" ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȕȍ ȠȐȉȒȖ ǵȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ț ȊȈș ȝȐȔȐȒ — ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ"
— ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȈȝ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ǷȈȔȐȘȣ ǻ ȊȈș ȈȌȘȍș ȧȊȒȐ ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒ
ȒțȗȞț ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊț Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒ
— ǰ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ"

150
— ǭȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȍȌȍȓȦ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȊȖȌȖȕȖș șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈȝ ȕȈ ȐȠȈȒȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊȖȌȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȇȘȖșȚȕȖ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓșȧ ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȚȧȎȒȐȍ țȊȍȟȤȧ
ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑ țȔȍȘ Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȝȈȕȣȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ
— ǵ-ȌȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȤ
— ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒ Ȓ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ
— ǵȖ ȒȖȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ"
— ǬțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ǫȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȈȉșȖ-
ȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ Ȉ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ Ȍȓȧ țșȗȍȝȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖșȚȐ ȅȚȐ ©ȝȈȕȣ-
Ȕȣª — ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ — ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ Ȗș-
ȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȣ
— ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȐ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȕȐ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ
ǹȖȠȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ǨȋȍȕȚ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȒȖȔț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ Ȋ ǺȈȠ-
ȒȍȕȚȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ș ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȔ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚ ȕȍ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȉ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ǵȖ Ȋ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǻȏȒȐȑ ȌȊțȘȖȋȐȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖȊȐș Ȋ ȔȍȌȖȊȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ǵȈ ȉȘȍȊȍȕȟȈȚȖȔ ȔȖșȚț ȒȖȚ-
ȓȣ ș Țȧȋțȟȍȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȔȐȠȈȓȌȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȔȍȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ Țȍȗ-
ȓȣȝ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ — ȕȖȕ — ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȈȓȐȓ ȗȈȘ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȗȓȖȊȈ ȒȍȉȈȉȈ ȓțȒț ȟȍș-
ȕȖȒț Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ǵȈ țȋȓț ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȠȔȍ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȈȕȈȠȐ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȒȓȍȠȈȝ ȔȈȚȘȖș ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ șȚȍȑȍ-
ȘȖȔ șȢȍȝȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȏȈȌ ǪȣȗȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȟȈȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȑ ȗȤȧ-
ȓțȠȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ Ȑ ȖȘȈȓ
— Ǫ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ȕȍȚț ȓȈȒȍȍȊ ǹȈȔ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȍȉȍ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȑ
ȟȈȑ
ǹȈȘȚȣ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ
— ǹȊȖȑ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ
ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ©șȊȖȍȋȖª ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒȈ țȏȒȖȑ țȓȐȟȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ
ȏȈ ȔȖșȚȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȠȍȑȝȈȕ-ȚȈțȘșȒțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȍȊțȟȍȋȖ ǯȈȝ-ȈȘȣȒȈ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț
— ǫȌȍ ȌȖȔ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚȈ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊȈ"
— ǬȈȓȠȣ ȚȖȊȈȘȣȠ ȌȈȓȠȣ
ǷȖșȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȦșȍȕȤȒțȦ ȏȈȗȈȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȋȓȐȕȧȕțȦ șȚȍȕț ȌȊȍȘȒț ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ
șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȗȖȗȖȑȒȈ ǶȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍșȒȖȘȖ ǹȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȌȊȈ șȊȍȘȓȧ-
ȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȈȌȣ"
— ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚȈ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊȈ
— ȇ ȉțȌț Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȣ"

151
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ
— ȇ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
— ǵȣ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȣȟȍȋȖ ȕȣ ȏȕȈȦ ǿȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ" Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȋțȍȔ ȕȣȟȍȔ
ǬȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȒȓȍȐȓȖșȤ ǹȈȘȚ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȍȍ ǺȖȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȧȓ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȕȈȔȍȒȐ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ǫ
ȏȈȗȈșȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ șȓȖȊȖ ©ȝȈȕȣȔª ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȈ ǴȈȝȈȓȍ-ǩȈȌȈȒ ǷȘȐ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓ ȝȈȕȣȔ
ǹȈȘȚ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǷȈȟȣȔț ȘȈȕȠȣ ȕȥ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ" ǰȌȣ ǰȌȣ ǬȈ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ"
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǷȘȐȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ș țȚȘȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȍȚ ȇ ȍȋȖ
ȔȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȦ
— Ƕȑ ȗȓȖȝȖ ǵț ȐȌȍȔ ȉȍȘȣ ȍȋȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖșȚȐ Ȉ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȈȋȈȊȖȘȣȔ
ǪȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȐȒ ȋȌȍ șȐȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ Ȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȝ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ǹȈȘȚ ȗȖȠȍȗȚȈȓșȧ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ Ȋ
ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȒȓȍȚțȠȍȒ
— ǰȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȋȈȊȈȘȣȠȤ"
— ǬȈ ȌȈ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
— ǽȈȕȣȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ"
— ǯȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȒȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȍȓȍȓȈ Țȍȉȍ
— ǰ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȐ"
— ǺȖȎȍ
— ǽȈȘȈȠȖ ȝȈȘȈȠȖ
ǹȈȘȚ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȉȖȘȖȌț
— ǯȈȟȣȔ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ"
— ǶȗȐțȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȒțȒȕȈȘ ȕȈȌȈ ȈȕȈȠȈ"
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȚȤșȧ
— ǷȈȔȐȘ ȕȈȌȖ
ǹȊȍȘȓȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ țȗȍȘȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
— ȀȈȑȚȈȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț ȖȚȊȍȏȚȢ"
ǰȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȈȔȍȒț Ȋ ǺǻǸǿǭǲǨ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ǪȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȚ
ȝȈȕȣȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȚȈȒ ȅȚȖ șȗȘȖșȣȚȤ ȕȈȌȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍșȚȤ șȚȈȘȠȐȍ ȔȐȕȍ ǰȌȣ ȗȖșȐȌȐ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈȏȓȍȋșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȘȖȟȐȔȐ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȘȖȓȤ
ȋȖșȚȧ șȔȍȠȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȉȍȏ țȔȖȓȒț
ǸȈȔȈȏȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ǺȧȕțȓȐ ȒȖȊȠȈȔȐ ȒȐȠȔȐȠȖȊȒț ȟȐȓȐȔ ȚȘțȉ-
ȒȈ
 ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȈȟȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ț șȈȘȚȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ǺȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȖȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȟȈȠțȈȕȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȍȓȖ

152
ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ
 Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎȍ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ șȍȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ǵȐ ș ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ǽȈȕȣȔ" — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȝȈȕȣȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǵȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǮȍȕȡȐȕ ȈȏȐȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȕȐ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț Ȍȍȓț
ǪȌȘțȋ țȏȒȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ-ȎȍȕșȒȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ ȊȣșțȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ-
ȗȖȌ ȟȈȠțȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȐȊȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȉȈȟț ȗȖȚȖȔ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȑ-ȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ
ȋȖșȚȍȑ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȠȖȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȕ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ
ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȖ ȚȖȗȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
— ǺȊȖȑ ȚȈȊȈȘȣȠ ȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȟȍȓȈȊȍȒ ǿȐȒȈ Ȗȕ ǲȈȒ Țȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ" ǵȈ-
ȠȐ țȏȕȈȓȐ
ǰȕȒȖȋȕȐȚȖ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ǫȘȖȏȐȓȖ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǩțȘțȕ-
ȌțȒ ȊȣȒȘțȟȐȊȈȓșȧ
— Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ șȓȍȌȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
— ǵȈȌȈ ȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ǶȕȐ ǼȈȑșțȓȖȊȈ șȚȘȍȓȐȓȐ
ǹȈȘȚ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȚȖȎȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȅȚȖ
ȧȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȧ ȗȖȔȖȋț ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȍȓȖ"
— Ǫ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȈȘȉȈ ȊȍȏȍȔ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ș ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȣȔ ǺȖȚ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȉȈȓȈȋțȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȊȌȊȖȍ
ǿȈșȚȤ ȒȓȍȚțȠȍȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȊȖȘȈȝ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȒȘȍȗ-
ȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȈȘȣȒȖȔ ǩȍȘȍȋȈ ǯȈȝ-ȈȘȣȒȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘțȟȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ
ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȟȐȒȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȠțȔȍȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ
ǷȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȖȊȍȘ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȉțȘȓȐȓ ȈȘȣȒ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȐșȓȖ-
ȕȧșȤ Ȓ ȉȈȓȒȍ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ȈȋȍȕȚ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȈȍȔȒț ȒȖȠȔȣ șȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȏȈȌȍȓ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ ǺȖȚ
șȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȍșȤȔț ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ ȍȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȐȋȘȈȧ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ ȚȍșȤȔȣ șȚȈȓ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ țȌȈȘȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȧ ȚȦ-
ȘȍȔȕțȦ ȈȏȉțȒț ȗȍȘȍșȚțȒȐȊȈȕȐȧ ǷȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȓȈȌȐȓȐșȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
— ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ Ȑ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȉȖȘȐȡȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ
ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ
ǿȍȒȈ
ǨȋȍȕȚ țȠȍȓ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ǵȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȈȏȘȍȊȈȓȐ
ǯȌȖȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȈȘȚ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊț ȊșȚȈȓ șȏȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȊȍșȐșȚțȦ șȒȈȔȍȑȒț ǬȊȖȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȐȎȍ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊ Ȋȍȓ FHȉȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ ǹȈȘȚ ȏȈȕȍș ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȔȍȑȒț
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȚ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒțȌȈ
ǶȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈ

153
ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȟȐȒȍ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓ
ȌȖșȒȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ
Ǫșȍ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓ ȈȋȍȕȚ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȓȐȕȧȕțȦ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȒț ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠțȦ ȖȚ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȐȒȈ
ǵȈȘțȎȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȓȍȚȍȓȈ ș ȗȍȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ș țȓȐȞȣ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ
ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȍ
ǯȈȊȈȘȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒțȚȍȘȤȔȈ ǷȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ǭȍ-
ȊțȠȒȈ șȐȌȍȊȠȈȧ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎȈ șȓȍȚȍȓȈ ș ȕȍȍ
Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ țȌȓȐȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȚȦȘȒșȒȖȍ Ȉ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȍȔȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒțȌȘȧȊȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ ǬȎȐȋȐȚ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ țȋȖȓ șȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ ș șȍȉȧ șȚȍșȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȟȈȠțȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ
ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȖ Ȋ ©ȕȖȘȔțª ǹȉȖȘȐȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȍȏȖȘțȎȍȕȖ Ȑ
ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȖ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊț țșȗȍȓȐ ȠȍȗȕțȚȤ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȓȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȕțȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖ Ƞȍȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȏȈȘȐ
Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȔȍȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ǿȍȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ-
ȌȎȐȋȐȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȔȐȕȍ
ǸȈșșȊȍȓȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ȧȒȖȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȗȘȖșȈ
ǸȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ ǿȍȒȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ"
— ǪȣȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȗȘȖșȍ ȕȈȗȐȘȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȋȖȕ
Ȑ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍ ǲȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȔȍȓȤȟȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȑȚȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍ ǺȡȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȚȍ Ȑȝ Ȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ Ǩ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ǷȈȔȐȘ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȚȤșȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ ȔȍșȧȞ ȚțȌȈ ȔȍșȧȞ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȐȚȐ ȚȈȔ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȘȖȓȤ ȕȖ Ȗ ǴȖșȒȊȍ șȈȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǵȈȌȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȖȍȌȍȚȍ"
— ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȍ ȌȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǶȠȈ ǶȚ ǶȠȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ țȏȉȍȒ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȌȊȍ ȗȐșțȓȤȒȐ ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȚȍ-ȒȈ
ǬȊȍ ȉțȔȈȎȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȣ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȐșțȓȤȒȐ"
— ǶȌȕț ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȘȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȔț șȈȔȖȔț
țȏȉȍȒț Ȋ ǶȠȍ ȗȘȍȗȖȘțȟȈȦȡțȦ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǩ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț Ȏȍ șțȕțȓ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤ-
Ȓț ǵȖ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȔȈȕȐȓ Ȗȉȍ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȒȐ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȘț Ȓ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊț ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ
— ǵ\-F ȟȐȚȈȍȔ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȊȍȌȐ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȕȣȔ Ȓ ȠȈȑȚȈȕț
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ Țȍȉȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȈȔȐ ȉȍȘȍȋȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ ȎȈȘȈ Ȉ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȣȝ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȈȝ ȌȈ ȗȖȠȓȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȧșȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȖȚȚȍȗȍȓȐ ȗȈȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȠȈȑȚȈȕȖȔ ȕȐȞ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐșȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȖȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȔȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȊȍȌȐ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ

— Ǩ ȌȘțȋȖȍ"
— ǴȔ ǴȔ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȖȘȚ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ǬȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȈ ț ǵȈȏȐȘ-
ǺȈȠȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȠȤ ȌȊțȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȝȈȕȣȔ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊșȈȌȐ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȕȖȎ ȔȍȎȌț
ȓȖȗȈȚȖȒ ǺȍȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȠȤ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȉȘȖșȤ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ
șȚȘȍȔȕȐȕț ǶȌȍȎȌț Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ șȍȉȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȌȓȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȠȤ Ȋ ǶȠ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȖȔȍȘ ǹȍȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚ
— ȇ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȝȐȚȘȐȚȤ"
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȥȚȖ Ȕȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȐȠȍȔ ȏȈȕȖȊȖ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȈ ǼȍȘȋȈȕț ȖȚȔȍȕȐȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ
șȍȑȟȈș ȊȣȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȘȣ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȓȦȌȐ
ȝȈȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȍȕȣ Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǵȈȏȐȘ-ǺȈȠ ǴȈȓȤ-
ȟțȋȈȕț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȍ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȒț șȊȧȏȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȊȏȧȚȒȖȑ
— ǰȌȍȚ
ǿȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔȖȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȌȈ-
ȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȔ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȍ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȒȚț Ǫ ȒȖȘ-
ȏȐȕȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȋȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȔȈȏȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ șȓțȋȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊȈ
ǶȉȍȡȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓșȧ

155
ǶǿȀǾǳǯǹȍǷȀǳ ǱǾǮǴǲǮǻǳ ǸǹǼǽǼǰ
ǷȖ ȊȏȉțȝȠȐȔ ȖȚ ȚȖȓȟȍȕȖȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȘȉȈȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ Ȑ țȓȐȞ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǹȈȔȖȚȍȒȐ Ȑ ǾȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȒȈ șȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȔȐ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȍȑ șȓȧ-
ȒȖȚȐ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȊȐȏȋ Ȑ ȐȏȔȖȘȖȏȤ ȊȈȓȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȡȐȝ ȉȈ-
ȓȖȒ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȌȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ
Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȚȖȗȚȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȊȈȓȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȉȈȉ Ȋ Ȍțȉȓȍȕȣȝ ȗȖȓțȠțȉ-
ȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȈȗȖȋȈȔȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍȊ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȜȈȘȚțȒȈȝ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȌȕȦ șȚȘțȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ șȚȘțȑȒȈȔȐ
ǺȣșȧȟȐ șȈȗȖȋ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȐȘȕȖ ȟȈȊȒȈȦȡȐȝ
ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ȚȖȓȒțȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȓȐ
ǰ ȟȍȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ ȗȖ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȟȍȔ ȖșȚȘȍȑ ȓȖ-
ȎȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȘȐȚȐȝȠȐȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ ș șȖȌȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȊȍ-
șȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȈȊȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȔ ȠȐȘȍ Ȑ ȠȐȘȍ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȒȈ ȊȚȍȒȈȧ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȐ șȚȍȒȈȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȉȈȔ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǾȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ǹȈȔȖȚȍȒȐ
— ǬȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ț ǲȘȈșȕȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ-
ȔȍșȚȐ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤ" — ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȌțȔȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȖȋȘȣȏȈȧșȤ
șȘȍȌȐ ȟțȎȌȖȑ ȍȔț ȉȍșȚȖȓȖȟȐ Ȑ ȕȍȚȘțȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈ
— ǰȓȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȍȡȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȍȗȒȈȝ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȒȐȑ ǳȍȕȤȒȈ
ȗȘȖȔȖȏȋȓȣȔ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȟțȎȌȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȔȐȘ
ǳȍȕȤȒț ǺȖȟȕȣȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ǳȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕțȦ
ǴȖșȒȊț ȊȖȌȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȖȑ șȈȔȖȋȖȕȒȐ ș ȕȈȓȍȚȟȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȘȈȔȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ǳȍȕȤȒȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚșȚȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍ
țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȈȝ ǵȈ-
ȒȈȕțȕȍ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ Ƕ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ǺȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǳȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǹȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǹȈȌȖȊȖȑ-ǹȗȈșșȒȖȑ ȠȈȋȈȓȈ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ
ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑȠȍȔ ȜȘȍȕȟȍ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȖȋȖ șțȒȕȈ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȒȓȖȒ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌ șȉȐȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȎȍȊȈȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȚțȏȈ
ǼȐȋțȘȈ ȠȈȋȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ ȓțȎȈȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȈ
— ǰșȚȘȍȉȓȧȑȚȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ȒȓȖȗȖȊ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȕȈȗȣȡȍȕȕȖ — ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȓȖȗȈȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ —
ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȒȓȖȗȈȔȐ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ — ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȓȖȗȈȔ — ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȒȓȖȗȈȔȐ
ǳȍȕȤȒȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǸȣȎȐȑ
ǼȐȋțȘȈ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
— ǲȓȖȗȐȕȟȐȒț ȊȈȔ" ǰ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈșȤ — Ǩ ǳȍȖȕȐȌ ǪȈșȐȓȐȟ ȖȚȒțȌȈ"

156
Ǫ ȌȊțȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ǳȍȕȤȒȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȌȍȓȖ ǪȖȚ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ șȊȖȑ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǳȍȊȒț-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ǸȣȎȐȑ ȟȍșȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ
— ǪȈș-ȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ șȊȍȌț ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ Ȓ ȊȈȔ Ȑȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȘțȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȊȈȘ ȕȍȒȖȔț ȗȖȘțȟȐȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
— ǩȘȖșȤ ȌțȘȈȒȈ ȊȈȓȧȚȤ ȒȖȔț ȚȊȖȐ ȒȓȖȗȣ ȕțȎȕȣ"
— ǬȈ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȓȖȗȈȔȐ
Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȉȘȍȓȐ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔ Ȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ ȕȖȟȓȍȎ-
ȒȐ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȗȖȔȖȍȊ Ȑ ȕȖȠȍȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȧȗȤȧ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȐ
ǺȈȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȐȚȞȍȊȖȑ Ȋ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȈȝ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȟ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ șȔȍȝ Ȉ ȏȈ
ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȌȊȖȍ ȋȘțȏȕȣȝ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȋȘȖȔȐȓ — ȉȖȘȖȌȣ
ȓȖȗȈȚȖȑ — ȚȧȕțȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȈȏȖȟȍȒ ȒȐșȓȣȑ ȘȍȎțȡȐȑ
șȈȔȖȋȖȕ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȟȒȖ ǲȖȍ-ȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǸȣȎȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
— Ǩ ȒȓȖȗȖȊȕȐȒ
ǵȖ ǳȍȕȤȒț ȖȌȕȐ Ȑȏ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ țȏȕȈȓ
— ǳȍȖȕȐȌ ǪȈșȐȓȐȟ
— ǸȧȉțȠȈ
ǬȈȎȍ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ©ȗȐȠțȡȐȝª ȏȈ-
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ǺȈȒȐȝ Ȋ ǷȖȌșțȝȈȘȍȊȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒțȌȈ
ȗȖȗȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȐȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǪȊȈȓȐȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ǰȒȈȓ Ȑ
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǰ-ȥȝ ȕȈȓȍȚȟȐȒȐ ǴȈȚȘȖșȕȧ ȠȓȧȍȚșȧ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋȐ Ȋ ȠȚȈȕȣ ȏȈșțȕțȚȣ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȈȚȘȖș Ȓ ȓȖȚȒț ȕȈȎȘȍȚ ȕȈȗȤȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȗȖ șȖȊȍȚ-
șȒȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȕȖȘȔȣ Ǩ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȊ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȒȈȔ ȉȍȌȕȧȎȍȒ
șȚȈȊȧȚ Ȉ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ"
ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ș ȉȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȍ-
șȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȒȓȍȚȟȈȚȣȝ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȕȣȝ ȉȘȦȒȈȝ ș ȒȐșȓȣȔ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȔ
ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȤȦ ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȈ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǰ ȟȍȔ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȗȖ ȌȍȒȘȍȚț ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
șȒȈȎȍȔ"
ǷȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ
— ǼȐȓȖȏȖȜ — ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȒȐȕțȓ ǸȧȉțȠȈ
— ǬțȘȈȒ Țȣ ȌțȘȈȒ ǲȈȉȣ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ ȕȈș ȌȈ ȕȍ Ƞȓȍ-
ȗȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȞȈȘȐȏȔȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓț
ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȌȈȓ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȈ-

157
ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ șȐȘȖȚȈȔȐ țȔȘȍȔ
ǪȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȈȘȍȕȍȒ ț ȕȈș ȚȈȒ ȕȈȌțȔȈȓ ȏȈȊȍșȚȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȐȝ șȖȊȕȈȘȒȖȔȖȊ ș ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȒȘȈȎ ǵȍ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȉ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȘȐȠȗțȉȓȐȒȈ"
ǸȧȉțȠȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
Ǫșȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— Ǩ ǳȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȋȖșȚȤ ȊȝȖȌȐ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ
ǨȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȖȉȡȐȔ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȐȏȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȒțȘȚȒȍ Ȑȏ Ȋȣ-
ȌȘȣ Ȋ ȋȈȓȖȠȈȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ șȈȗȖȋ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ǳȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȍȠȤșȧ"
— ǵȍ Ȋ ȗȈȘȈȌȍ ȧ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȊȖȐ ȊȍȌȤ ȓȦȌȐ
ǵȖ ǳȍȊȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȌȈȊȐȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȜȈșȖȕ șȍȓ Ȋ țȋȓț Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǵȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ"
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ" Ǫ ȚȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȖȋȖȌț"
ǹ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ǸȧȉțȠȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȤȦ Țȣ ǳȍȊȈ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȍȚ ǪȖșȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȕȈ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ
ǳȍȊȒȈ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȘȈșșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȍȟȤ
— Ƕȝ ȥȚȈ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȌȍ șȐȌȐȚ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ șȈȔ Ȋ șȍȉȍ
șȖȏȕȈȦ ȖȉȕȈȋȓȍȓ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ǵȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȕȍȔ
ȔȈȠȐȕț ț ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȒȖ ȒȘȍșȚț ǵț ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȚȐȒȈ" ǰ ȕțȎȍȕ Ȕȕȍ
ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȍșȚ ȌȈ ȕț ȍȋȖ Ȓ ǹȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȐ Ȏ Țȣ ȌȈȑ ȌțȔȈȦ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț șȚȈȕȖȊȓȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ ȏȈȝȖȎț Ȋ ȞȍȘȤȒȖȊȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ" ǵȈ
ǹȖȓȧȕȒȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȋȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌ ǪșȚȈȦ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȈȔȊȖȕȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț ǷȘȐȝȖȎȈȕȍ — ȊȐȎț — ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍ șȊȖ-
ȌȧȚ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȖȚȍȞ ǹȍȘȋȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȎț ȒȖ ȒȘȍșȚț ǹȓȣȠț Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȚ
ǳȍȊȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ǳȍȊȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ǹȈȎțșȤ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ țȍȏȎȈȦ ǺȈȒ ȖȚȊȍȚȤ-
Țȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȈ ȗȖȟȍȚ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȕ ȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ-
ȚȐȒȈ"
Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ ȊȣșțȕțȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
ǪȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǩȈȕȌȐȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǵȈȓȍȚȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȐ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕ ȔȕȖȦ
ȕȈȓȍȚ ț ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȣ ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȦȚȍȓȤȒȈ Ȋ
ȚȦȚȍȓȤȒț Ȋ  ȟȈșȈ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȌț Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȧ Ȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔț ȔȖșȚț Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȕț Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ǪȖȚ ǺȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ǫȣ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ǻȋȖȡȈȑȚȍșȤ
ǪȣȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȣ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ șȖȘȚȈ Ȉ șȈȔ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘ-

ȔȈȕȈ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȌșȍȓ Ȓ ȉȈȕȌȐȚț
—ȇȒȊȈȔȐȔȍȦȌȍȓȖ
ǹȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȏȓȖ
— ǵț"
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȉȐȊȟȐȊȖ ȕȈȔȍȒȕțȊ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȉȍȎ ȏȈ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȖȑ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȓȦȌȧȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȈȘȒȖ-
ȚȐȒȐ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ
ǵȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȖȚ ǳȍȊȒȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǬȈȎȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȦ
ǺȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȈ
— Ǫȣ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ǳȍȊȈ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȊȖȗȘȖșț Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȋȌȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȋ ǫȓȈȊȓȐȗȍ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ș ȕȖȋ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǫȌȍ"
— Ǫ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȔ ǳȐȗȖȊȖȔ ǻȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ǫȓȈȊȓȐȗȍ ȚȖ-ȐșȚȤ ȕț ȋȌȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȚ ǻ ǼȍȌȖȘȈ ǨȕȌȘȖȕȣȟȈ ǶȕȐ ȌȍȓȈ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȊȍȓȐ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚțȌȈ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ"
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȊȈȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȚțȌȈ ȝȖȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȅȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ
— Ǩȝ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
ǷȖȠȓȐ ǳȍȕȤȒȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȋȐȉȈȧ ȓțȎȐ ș ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȐșȓȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȈ
Ȋȍȓ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȒț
— ǯȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠ ȒȍȕȈȘȤ — ȒȐȊȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȓȖȚȒȖȊ
Ǫ șȣȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȔȖȏȋȓȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȍȍ
— ǰșȚȘȍȉȓȧȑȚȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ȒȓȖȗȖȊ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȓȖȗȈȔ
— ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȒȓȖȗȈȔȐ

159
ǱǹǮǰǹǶǽǮ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȔȐȘȈ
ǷȖȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐ-
ȊȖșȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ǲȖșȚȖȟȍȒ ǸȧȉțȠ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȌȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ
Ǫ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȎȐȓȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȘțȌȣ ȉȖ-
ȟȍȒ ȌȖșȖȒ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȒț
Ǫȣșțȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȕȖș ȗȖȠȍȗȚȈȓșȧ ș ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ
ǷȖȌȊȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȒȕȖ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ȟȐșȚȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ș ȔȈȓȐȕȖȊȣȔ șțȒȕȖȔ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ țȦȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ
Ǫșȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕțȦ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȑȒț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȊ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȐȓ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ
ȊȐȌȈ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȒȓȍȚȟȈȚȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ țȠȈ-
ȔȐ ȚȖȘȟȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȓțȗȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ ©țȕȌȍȘȊțȌțª Ȋ țȋȓț
ǯȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȊȖșșȍȌȈȓ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ Ȋ ȖȟȒȈȝ Ȑ ȊȈ-
ȓȍȕȒȈȝ
ǷȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ
— Ǫȣ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ" ǷȘȐșȧȌȤȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚȒț
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈ
— ǬȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ —
ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǹȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȒȐȗț ȉțȔȈȎȍȒ șȒȘȍȗȐȓ
Ȑȝ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖȑ șȒȘȍȗȖȟȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȚȘțȉȒț
— ǪȖȚȒȕȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
ǨȋȈ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ-ȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ Ȉ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȚ ș ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șȍ-
ȚȤȦ
ǹȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȍ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ
— ǺȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț — Ǫȣ"
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȧ ǨȕȌȘȖȕȣȟ — ǩȈȘȣȠȕȧ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȣ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȊȈ
ȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȹȹ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ ȟȐșȓȈ — ǬȈ ȌȈ—  Ȑ  — ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǹȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ǷȖȒȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉțȔȈȎȒȐ ȗȖ ȘȍȍșȚȘț Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȕȌȘȖȕȣȟț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȊȖȚ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ

160
ǨȕȌȘȖȕȣȟ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓșȧ ǲȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ǺȖȟȕȖȔț
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ǬȈȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ǬȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȍ-
ȋȖ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȔ
ǩțȌȍȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȕȚȍȘ-
ȊȤȦ
— ǯȈȌȈȟȐ ȕȈȠȐ" ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȟȐșȚȖ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ țȚȐ-
ȓȐȚȈȘȕȖȍ ǷȖȌȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȍȕȤȋț ǵȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȊȍȌȍȔ ȉȖȘȤȉț șȖ
ȠȗȈȕȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈȔȐ ȓȐȗȖȑ ǴȖȋț țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ
ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȍȌȖȔȈ ș ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍȑ
ȓȐȗȣ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȔ Ȋ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ ǪȖȚ
ȇ ȗȖ ȓȐȗȖȊȖȔț Ȍȍȓț ȗȖȠȍȓ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ǵȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ǨȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȟȍȕȣ Ȋȕȍ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȞȐȐ ȅȚȐȔ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǶȉȘȈȏȟȐȒȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǹȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȊȣȌȊȐȎȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȒț Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ǶȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȘȧȌ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ-
țȋȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȧȡȐȟȒȖȊ ș ȟȍȚȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ǯȌȍșȤ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ
ȠȚȈȔȗȣ ȉȓȈȕȒȐ
— ǷȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȓȓȐȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ǩȓȈȕȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ǩȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ǹȖȊȕȈȘȒȖȔȈ ǬȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ Ǫșȍ ȕȈȘȒȖ-
ȔȈȚȣ ǹȖȊȌȍȗȣ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ǷȖȌȌȍȓȣȊȈȍȔ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȜȐȘȔȣ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȌȍȓȒȐ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȖ ǺȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘșȒȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ
Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ
ǰșȒȘȣ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȚȈȘȐȟȒȈ
— ǴȐȓȐȞȐȧ" ǿȍȒȈ" ǬȊȈȎȌȣ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ șȓȍȌ ǩȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ țȌȐȘȈ-
ȓȐ ǳȐȠȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȝ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȘȍȔșȧ
— ǺȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ" ǷȖ ȠȚȈȚț ȕȈș ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȘȖȍ ȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚ Ȑ ȗȖ-
șȣȓȤȕȣȑ ǰȔȍȦ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȗȖ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȍȑ Ȑ
ȉȓȈȕȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ-ȚȖ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȧ
ǹȊȧȏȤ" ǺȖȘȋțȦȚ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȖȑ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȘȣȕȒȈȝ Ǵȣ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȍȍȓ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ
ȕȍ ȊȍȌȍȔ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ǪȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȔȈȕȌȈȚȣ Ȍȓȧ ǳȍ-
Ȋȣ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȅȚȖȔț șȈȔȖȔț ȗȐȠȍȔ ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ǪȖȚ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȕȣȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
Țȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ©ǺȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ǴȖșȒȊȈ-ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ǴȖșȒȊȈ-ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒª
ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȈȧ ǷȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȋȍȕȚȣ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȗȖșȚȖȑȚȍ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
—ǨȊȟȍȔȌȍȓȖ"
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ
ȇ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ șȈȔ ȍȏȎț Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȚȤ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" ȇ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǬțȔȈȦ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
— Ǵȣ Ƕ ȕȐȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȐ Ȕȣ ȕȐ ȒȚȖ ǲȘȍȗȒȈȧ ȖȘȋȈ-

ȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ǵȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ — ȧ ȊȈș ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȐ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȤ-
ȏțȦȚ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȍșȓȐ ȌȖ șțȚȐ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȑȚȍ ǵȐȗȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȑ-
ȌȍȚȍ
— ǬȈ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ șȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ǲȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ-ȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ"
ǩȈȕȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȚțȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȍ Ȑ șȒȘȍșȚȐȓ
ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ
— ǹ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ǻȋȘȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȇ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȖȚȊȍȌț
ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
— Ǩ ȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȑȚȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
— ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ ț ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǼȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟțȘ ȗȖ ȟȈșȈȔ ǺȖȟȕȖ ǴȐȋȖȔ ȖȉȍȘȕȍȔșȧ
— ǯȈ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
ǹȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ ȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ țșȓțȎȐȚȤ ǪșȍȋȖ ȊȈȔ Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕțȎȌȣ — Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǲȖșȚȖȟȒȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ
— ǯȈȝȈȎȐȊȈȑȚȍ
ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ  ȟȈșȈ Ȍȕȧ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǴȈȘ-
ȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ
— ǵț"
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȐȧȓ
— ǬȍȓȖ ȖȉȌȍȓȈȕȖ
— ǬȈ ȒȈȒ"
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ  ȟ țȚȘȈ ȐȌț Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ"
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȐ șȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǵȕȍ ǳȍȊȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǽȖȟȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ
ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ șȈȔȐȔ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ Ƕȕ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȍȏȌȐȚ
— ǬȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ"
— ǹȍȑȟȈș țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ț Ǻ
— Ǩ ȌȈȌțȚ ȓȐ" ǶȌȕț țȎ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȐȔ
— ǬȈȌțȚ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȏȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȠȤ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ ǶȉȖȑ-
ȌȍȔșȧ ȉȍȏ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȈ ǵț Ȑȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȖȊ

162
ǴȁȀǸǮȍ ǻǼȅȊ ǸǼǺǿǼǺǼǹȊȄǳǰ
— ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǯȈ ȔȖșȚȖȔ ǺțȠȐ ȖȋȕȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȐȔ ȌȖ -ȝ
ȟȈșȖȊ ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȊȖȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȚȤ Ȋ  ȟȈșȈ ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ Ǵȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȐȔ ȠȐȕȣ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ Ȉ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȌȍȚ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ǬȖ  ȟȈșȖȊ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
— Ǩ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȣȍȝȈȊȠȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚȈ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȚțȠȐȓȐ
ȖȋȖȕȤ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ
— ǵȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȕț ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ Ȑ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȣȓȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ǼȖȘȌȈ Ȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȕȖȟȕțȦ ȚȍȔȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȏȈ ȓȐȕȐȍȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǵȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȈ
— ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȒȈ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȉțȘȧ ȋȕȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȉȍȏ-
ȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȓȍșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȓțȎȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȊȈȓ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ"
— ǿȚȖ"
— ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȊȍȚ ǪșȗȣȠȒȈ ǵȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȉ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȚ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ǲȈȚțȈȘ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
— ǹȚȖȑ șȚȖȑ ǲȘȈșȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȣȝȕțȓȖ 7RȟȕȖ șȗȐȟȒȖȑ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓȖ
— ǬȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȘțȕȌȈ ǳțȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț Țțȟ ǰȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǪȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȈȔ ȉȍȏ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȐȘȒȈȕțȓȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ — ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȕȐȏț ȕȈ ȉȘȍȊȍȕȟȈȚȖȔ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȋȓțȝȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȖ
— Ƕȑ Ȗȑ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
— ǪȍȚȍȘ"
ǷȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ș șȐȓȖȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȕțȓȖ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȏȈ-
ȒȘțȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȉțȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȕȈȊț
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȠȖșșȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȈ Ȋ ȓțȎț ǰȏ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȖȠȒȖȑ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȊȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ Ǯȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȚȐșȕțȓȐ ȍȔț ȋȖȘȓȖ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȔ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȋȖ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȖȉȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȒȖȚȍȕȒȈ Ȑ ȊșțȕțȓȐ Ȋ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȈ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ș ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǲȘȖȊȤ ȓȐ ȊȖȌȈ ȓȐ ȏȈ-

163
ȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ǷȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ǫȖȓȖșȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ Șȍȏȕțȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȐȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȚțȠȈ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ǺȖȚ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȕȈȊȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǷȖȚȖȔ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȣȓȐȕȒț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǷȖșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ș ǺȖȟȕȣȔ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ
ȏȈșțȕțȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȤȍ ȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȓ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ
— Ǻȣ" ǫȌȍ Ȕȣ"
— ǷȖȌ ȒțȏȖȊȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ
— ǶȘȈȚȤ"
— ǵȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȔȣșȓȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
— ǯȈȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȕȈȠ ǼȖȘȌ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ
—ǨȔȣ"
— ǹȚȖȐȔ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
— ǷȘȖȉțȑ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
— ǺȍȘȧȦ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǼȖȘȌ ȖȚȢȍȝȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȐȝ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȋȘțȏȕȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ
ȗȘȐȗȓȍșȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕț
— ǭȌȍȔ Ȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
— Ƕȑ ȍȌȍȔ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ
— ǲȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ"
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ
ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȏȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȒȖȓȍșȈȔȐ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȈȧ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȈȧ ȞȊȍȚ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ
ȐȌȍȔ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ǿȖȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ș ȕȈȔȐ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ"
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ
— ǪȣȝȖȌȐ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȚȤșȧ
— ǬȈ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ǷȘȐȒȖȒȖȠț ǶȌȕț ȘțȒț ȌȈȊȈȑ ǬȘțȋțȦ
ǺȖȕȒȐȑ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȍȓȖ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐ-
ȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȒȘțȚȐȚȤ ȘȍȔȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ
ǬȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȔȖȒȘȣȑ șȕȍȋ șȓȍȗȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ .ȘțȋȖȔ ȕȐ ȏȋȐ ȀțȔȍȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ Ȓț-
șȚȣ
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȑ ș ǺȖȟȕȣȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ǺȖȟȕȖȔț ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǲȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ"

164
ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǲȘȈșȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȓȣȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ǩȈȕȌȐȚ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȘȣȟȈȓ
— Ǩ ȗȈȡȍȕȖȒ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ ȕȍȔȈȏȈȕȈȧ Țȣ Ȏȍ ț ǸȧȉțȠȒȐ ȊȟȍȘȈ șȐȌȍȓ ȇ Ȍț-
ȘȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȟȍșȚȕȖȔț ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȊȣȓȖȎȐȓ Ȉ Țȣ Ȑ ȚțȚ ȒȈȒ ȚțȚ ȇ ȌȖȉȘȖȔ Ȉ Țȣ
ȊȖȚ ș ȟȍȔ ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑ Țȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ" ǴȖȓȟȐȠȤ ǵț ȌȈ ȓȈȌȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȍȔșȧ ǷȧȚȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȐȔ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ǷȖȓȍȏȈȑ Ȋ șȖȉȈȠȕȐȞț ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȘȈȊț șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ȊȣȍȌȍȠȤ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȏȈșțȕțȓ ȖȉȖȐȝ Ȋ ȧȡȐȒ ǷȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȏȈȚȒȕțȓ ȘȖȚ
ȊȖȕȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȖȔ ȚȘȧȗȒȈȔȐ ǵȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȕȐȍȔ
ȒȘȣȠȒȐ Ȉ ȗȘȐȒȘțȚȐȓ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȘȍȔȕȍȔ Ȓ șȒȖȉȈȔ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȧȡȐȒȈ ǲȘȣȠ-
ȒȈ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓȐșȤ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȠȓȈ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ ǪșȚȈ-
ȓȈ Ǫșȍ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȖ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȒțȏȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖ ȓțȎȈȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȘȖȠțȔȍȓ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ǫ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȒȖȓȍ-
șȈ ȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓȐ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤ-
Ȟȣ ȗȖȗȈȓȐșȤ ǹȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȊȣȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ ȚȘȧȗȒț Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȍȔț
țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȗȕ ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊȠȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȊȖȕ-
ȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȥȚȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȈȧ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȍȧșȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȠțȔ Țȍȓȍȋ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ ȋȈȘȒȕțȓ
— ǹȚȖȑ ȉȘȖșȈȑ ȖȘțȎȐȍ
ȀțȔ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Țȍȓȍȋ ȚȖȗȈȕȤȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ Șȍȏ-
ȒȐȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ
— ǲȓȈȌȐ ȔȈȕțȜȈȒȚțȘț ȖȚȌȈȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǪȣșȚȘȍȓ ǩȍȋȖȚȕȧ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǷȓȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ,
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ șȞȍȕț ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ.
ǸțȋȈȕȤ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȘțȋȈȕȤ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȋȘȖȝȕțȓ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǹȊȍȘȝț ȏȈȚȈ-
ȒȈȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ-ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ șȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȕȐȏ,
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ
— ǵȍ țȑȌȍȠȤ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȓȧșȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǪȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȓȐ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȏțȉȖȊ ȕȖ Șȍ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȓȖȗȕțȓ ǻ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȘțȒȈ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ șȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ
ȘȍȔȍȕȤ Ȑ țȗȍȘșȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ Ȋ ȒȘȣȠȒț ǲȘȣȠȒȈ ȊȣȋȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȖȚȘȧș ȍȍ ǻ
ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȉȍȓȍȓȖ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ǰșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȋȖȓȖș ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȊȖȗȐȓ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ Ȋȣșțȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ țȌȍȘ-

165
ȎȐȊȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȊȋȘȣȏșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǫȓȈȏȈȔ ǴȈȘȚȤȧ-
ȕȣȟȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȐȒȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȈȗȖȘȖȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȉȘȖ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȊȐșȍȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȀȐȘȖ-
ȒȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȤȧ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȟțȚȤ ȉȘȍȏȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȓțȟ-
ȒȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈȔ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖșȣȓȈȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǨȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȣȟȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȝȊȈȚȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ ȗȖȘȖȑ
— ǰșȗȈȒȖșȚȐȓȐ ȕȍȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ǻ ț ȏȓȖȌȍȐ
ǩȍȋȈȓ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȔ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ǷȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ șȐȕȍȏȈȌȣȑ ǷȘȐȠȐȉț
ǰ șȚȈȓ ȖșȣȗȈȚȤ ȗțȓȧȔȐ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ ǲȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȐȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȊȈȋȖȕ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈȝ
ǶȚșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
ǵȍȚ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ
șȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȤ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȏȣȘȤ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț
ǹȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ǵȖ ȊȈȋȖȕ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ șȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ǫ ȘȈȕȕȍȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ȗȍȕȐȍ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȗȖȓȖțȔȍȊȠȍȔ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ
șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț
ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ
ǹ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȐȘțȥȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌț-
ȝȍ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȉ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȊ șȘȈȏț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȤ ȊȣȠȐȕȣ
ǭȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț șȐȌȍȓ țȎȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȘțȉȐȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȧșȤ șȘȈȏț ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȘțȉȐȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȌȊȐȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȊȈȎȍȕ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖȓȤȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗțȓȐ ȏȈșȊȐșȚȍȓȐ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȕȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ țȎȍ țȗȈȓȐ ǴȐȕțȚȈ — Ȑ Ȋșȧ șȍȚȤ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȐȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȖȚȢȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȓ-ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȠȐȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ ǲȖȍ-ȒȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ȏȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȍȑ ǩȈȕȌȐȚ Ȏȍ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ șȖ șȚȖȓȉȈ
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȌȐȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ǲȘȧȝȚȧ Ȑ ȐșȗțșȒȈȧ ȘțȋȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐ ȏȓȖȉȣ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț șȓȖȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȣ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȊȗȘȧȋșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȔȖșȚț Ǫ ȖȉȖȐȝ
ȘțȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘț Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȖȉȖȑȔȈ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȐȓȐ șȉȖȒț
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȖȋȘȣȏȈȓșȧ

166
ǺȈȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȈȡȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ șȈȎȍ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȊȣȊȖȓȖȒ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȒț Ȓ ȔȖșȚț
ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȔȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȌȊȈ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȓȖ
Șțȓȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ-ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ-ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖ
ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȐȐ ȏȈȗȈșȈ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǹȈȔ Ȏȍ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ
ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ-
ȏȈ țșȚȖȧ ȔȖșȚȈ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȗȈș ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ ȕȍ ȐȏȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǫȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȐȌȧ ȗț-
șȚțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚȤ ǩȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȏȈȌȐ șȖ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȣ ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊșȒȖȑ ȔȈȕțȜȈȒȚțȘȣ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȍȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȓȍȏȚȤ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ ǷȖȌ ȋȖȘȖȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȖ
— ǼȖȘȌ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉțȒșțȧ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȍ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȓ ȕȈ ǼȖȘȌȍ
ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȐȔ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ
— ǷȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȟȍȘȚȐ ȘȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȒȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǷȖȌȒȈȚȐȓ ǹ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȟȍ-
ȗȤȦ Ȓ ǼȖȘȌț ǷȘȖȉȍȋȈȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȝȔțȘȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ
ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȒȘȣȠȒț ©șȖȉȈȠȕȐȞȣª ǷȖȚȖȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȒțȗȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȓț-
ȎȈȝ
ǭȝȈȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǴȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȈȔ ȗȘȖșȍȓȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖ
șȕȍȋț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ǲȘȣȠȒȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ
ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȓțȎȐ Ȑ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧ-
ȕȣȟ șȟȍȓ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔ țȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȘȍȔȕȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȌȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȋ Ȑȝ șȒȐȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȒȈ Ȏȍ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ RȕȐ ȗȖȘȊȈȕȣ
ǶȉȈ — ȏȈȚȒȕțȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȘȚȣ ȚȘȧȗȒȈȔȐ
ǳȐȞȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍțȏȕȈȊȈȍȔȣȔ ǯțȉȣ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȣ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȗȍ-
ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ƕȕ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȐșȗțșȒȈȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȐșȕțȚȣȍ ȏț-
ȉȣ ȕȍȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȕȈ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȒț ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ ȊȖȓȟȒȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șț-
ȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȗȖȟȐȕȒȈ ǰȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐȒȈ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȉțȝȕțȓȐ
ȕȈ șȕȍȋ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ Ƕȕ ȎȖȕȋȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ
ȒȐȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖȌ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǽȊȈȚȈȓ ȟȈșȚȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧ-
ȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǿȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ.
ǶȋȘȣȏȈȧșȤ ȊȣȉȍȋȈȓ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȒ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȓȖȎȉȐȕȍ
ȗȖȌ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȍȓȍȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ș ȊȖȗȓȍȔ ȕȍșșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȟȐȕȒȐ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȕȒȈ șȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ țȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ǮȐȓȣ
ȕȈ ȓȉț ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȊȏȌțȓȐșȤ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ șȓțȠȈȧ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ șȗȍȘȊȈ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ

167
ǩȈȕȌȐȚ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȊȍȓ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȏȈȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȈ ș ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ǴȖȚȖȘ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȓ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȍȊ ǳȐȞȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǷȖȓțȌȍȚ-
șȒȈȧ ȗȖȓțșțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ
ǪȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒ-
Șțȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȔ ȚȈȕȞȍ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȋȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
ǭȋȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ǲȈȘȍȚȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȈȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȕȈȧ ǩȈȕ-
ȌȐȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȌȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȌȈȎȍ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȓ
— ǵȣȘȧȑ ȓȧȋȈȠȐ ȔȖȟȍȕȣȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȊȚȈșȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ Ȋ Ȑȝ
Ȏȍ ǼȖȘȌ ǵȣȘȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǼȖȘȌȍ ȗȓȍșȒȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ
ǴȐȕțȚț ȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓ ǼȖȘȌ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘ Ȋȓȍȏ
Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ǵȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȍȓȒȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȔȐ
ǲȘțȎȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǸȖȋȖȎșȒȖȑ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ țȎȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ǩȈȕȌȐȚ ȕȐ ș ȟȍȔ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȕȈ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȝȖȌȈ ǶȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ șȚȘȖȐȓ ȘȖȎȐ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȘțȓȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȒȈȘȍȚȒȐ ǴȈȠȐ-
ȕȈ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ șȈȔȈ ǩȈȕȌȐȚ ȓȐȝȖ ȊȣȗȓȧșȣȊȈȓ ȟȍȟȖȚȒț
— ǺȈȒ ȚȈȒ Ȍ-ȘȈș-ȚȈȒ-ȚȈȒ-ȚȈȒ ȚȈȒ« ȅȝȝ ȓȐȝȖ ǷȖ-ȕȈȠȍȕșȒȐ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖ-ȊȈ-
ȠȍȕșȒȐ ǲȖȉȍȓȐ ȔȈȘȐȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȈȔ ș ȒȕȐȎȒȈȔȐ Ȋ șȖȘȚȐȘȈȝ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ ȕȈȉȐȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȕȍ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȊȖȌȐȚȤ ǺȈȒ ȚȈȒ«
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓșȧ ș ȒȈȘȍȚȒȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ
țȌȈȘȖȔ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓ ȘțȓȤ ȊȣȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȝȖȌ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ǷȓȧșȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȌȖȔ Ȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȘțȓȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ
ǴȐȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȤȐ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȉȣȓȖ șȊȐșȚȖȒ ȒȖ ȘȚț ȕȖ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕȣ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ
ǪȏȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȔț ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȍȏȌț
— ǵț șȖȉȈȟȕȧ ȗȈȘȠȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ǳȍȊȒȕȕț ȘȈȉȖȚț ȒțȗȈȑȚȍșȤ ȋȈȌȣ
ǰ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ǼȖȘȌ
ǳȍȊȒȐȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȧ
ȝȖȌ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖ ȘȈșȠȐȉȐȚȤ ȊȍȚȝȐȍ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȕȈ-
ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ-ȘȍȒȍ ǶȚȗțȡȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȟȚȖ
ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȘȐșȒȈ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ șȒȐȕțȓ ȗȖȌȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȔȕȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ
ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȐȓ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ țȎȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȘțȓȤ Ȑ ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕț ǶȕȈ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȈșȤ ȊȖȓȟȒȖȔ ȉȈȝȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț ȖȌȕȐȔ ȉȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȘȧ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȊȐșȕțȊ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖȔ ǸȍȔȕȐ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȍȏȈȕȣ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊțȦ

ǷȖȌȉȍȋȈȓ ȔȐȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ
— ǽțȓȐȋȈȕȤȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ"
— ǬȍȓȈȍȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ — ȝȔțȘȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ — Ǩ Țȣ ȚțȚ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȟȍȔ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ"
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȍȕȐȍ ǴȐȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȚțȠȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȊȐȌ
ț ȘȍȉȧȚ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȣȔȖȒȠȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȧȚȣȍ
ǺȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȒȈȚȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǳțȉȧȕȒȍ ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ
șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ
— ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȈș"
ǿȈșȣ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ
— ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȏȍ Ȋ  ȟȈș Ȓ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȖȑ Ǫ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ȐȌȚȐ ǫȖȕȐ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ
ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǲȖȓȧ ȧ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌț ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȉȐȚ Ȑ țș-
ȚȈȓ ǲ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȊȖȏȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț
— ȇ ȗȖȑȌț ȖȌȐȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
— ȇ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ ǲȖȓȧ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦ
ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ șȚȍȕȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ǹțȌȤȉȈ Ȑȝ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȕȐȋȈȔ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȚȤ
— ǵȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȖȟȐ"
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǵȍ ȌȖȍȏȎȈȧ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȒȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȜȐȋțȘȒȍ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȊȠȍȑ ȗȖ ǹȘȍȚȍȕȒȍ

169
ȀǼȅǻǳǳ ȀǼȅǻǼǱǼ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȋȓȈȊȓȐȗȖȊȍȞ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓ Ȗȗț-
șȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈșțȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ țȠȐ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȒȓȍȚȟȈȚȖȋȖ
ȗȓȈȚȒȈ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȉȈȠȕȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȊȍȚȘȧȕȖȑ Ȕȍ-
ȓȤȕȐȞȣ ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȓȖșȒȐȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ
ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȑȝ
— ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȒȈȒ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ Ǩ Ȋȣ-ȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȎȌȍȚȍ"
— Ǵȣ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȒȐ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ǺȖȟȕȍȍ ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ Ǫȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ Ǫȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ǺȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ
ȅȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȌțȝȈ ǷȈȘȍȕȤ
ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖȑ-ȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȊȈș ȒțȗȈȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ" ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ 2ȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ"
— ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȇ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȕȖȟȤ
— ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ șȖșȕțȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȐȚȚȐȚȤ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ șȍȑȟȈș ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ
— ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǪȖȏȓȍ ǺȘțȉȣ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
țșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȌȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ"
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ
ǷȖȠȓȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȓȈȊȓȐȗȖȊȍȞ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǯȌȍșȤ
ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ țȏȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȈ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈ
©ǷȘȖȌȈȎȈ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȊ ǹ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ Ƿ ǳ
ǴțȘȔȈȕª
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȊȘȖșȠȈȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȊȍȘȒȈ ș ȒȖȘȧȊȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ
©ǷȈȔȐȘª
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ"
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖȔ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȣȊȍșȒȐ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋțȦ ǸȈȏȖȔ ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȖșȤ țȋȖȓ ǨȘȉȈȚȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț Ȕȧ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȌȊȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ Ȑ
— ȇ ț ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ
—ǨȧȊǷȈȔȐȘȍ

ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ șȍȉȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ȚȖ ǷȈȔȐȘ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǰ ȊȖȚ
ǲȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
Ǫȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒț ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȥȚț ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǵȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȐ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕțȦ — ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ"
— ǵȍȚ ǺȖȟȕȖȋȖ — ǬȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ Ȍȍȓșȧ"
— ǷȖȠȍȓ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȍȘțȕȌȈ ǪȍȘȕȍȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȌȕȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ǻ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǬȈ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ" ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ"
ǹȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǷȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȍ
ǹȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț Ǻ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋ ȕȐȝ Țț Ȏȍ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ȚȖ ǷȈȔȐȘ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȣ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ
ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ
— Ǩ ȊȘȍȔȧ-ȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ
— ǴȔ
— ǰ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȐ Ȑȏ ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ ȕȐ Ȑȏ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȐȦȕȤ ȔȍșȧȞ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȉțȌȍȚ
— ǩțȌȍȚ

171
ȌǹȊǲȉ-ǺǮǸǮȆǼȀȉ — ǽȁȀȊ ǿȀǾǮǲǮǻǶǷ
ǨȗȘȍȓȤ
ǵȍȎȕȣȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȋȖ țȘȦȒȈ ȖȊȍȟȤȐȝ ȠȒțȘ Ȓț-
ȔȣșȈ Ȑ șȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȎțȘȟȈȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț ȟȈșȚȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȑ șȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȒȐȠȓȈȒȐ
ǵȈ ȋȖȘȈȝ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȗȖȓȏȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȓȤȌȐȕ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ǺȈȔ ȊȊȍȘȝț Ȋșȍ ȚȈȧȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ șȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȉȍȎȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȗȖȓȧ ǼȍȘȋȈȕȈ
Ǩ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȒȈ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȣ ȗȣȓȐ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȓȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȗȍȘșȐ-
ȒȖȊȣȝ Ȑ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ...
ǲȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌȎȐȋȐȚ ș ȗȘȐȓȐȗȠȐȔ șȏȈȌȐ Ȓ șȍȌȓț ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȒȖȔ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȐȐ Ȋ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎȍ — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȈȘȣȒȐ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ șȐȓȧșȤ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȒȖȕȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔ
ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖȍ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ǪȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ șȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȓțȟț ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ șȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȐșȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ
ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȊȕȐȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȓȍȚȍȓ ș ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȑ ȋȘțȎȍȕȖȑ ȗȖȕȍșȠȍȑșȧ ȈȘȉȣ ǰȠȈ-
ȒȐ ȘȍȊȍȓȐ ǫȖȓȣȍ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȣ ȓțȗȐȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȒț ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ
ǸȈșșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ș șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ș ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȊ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȒȐ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǵȈȔȈȕȋȈȕ ȊȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȞȍȕȚȘ ǼȍȘȋȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈșȔȈȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǫȕȈȓȐ Ȓ ǶȠț ȒțȗȈȧ ȖșȐ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȒȐ Ȋ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȝ ȊȏȌțȊȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕțȦ șȍȌțȦ ȗȣȓȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȚȘȖȗȈȝ
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȋșȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȖ
ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȗȖșȍȓȍȕȞȣ ȕȈȋȘțȏȐȊ ȐȠȈȒȖȊ șȒȈȘȉȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ Ȟȍȕ-
ȚȘț ǺțȘȒȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǲȐȠȓȈȟȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȖșȈȌȍ șȒȖȗȐȡȈ-
ȔȐ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȉȈȧȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȕȈȗȈȔȐ
ǵȈȌ ȒȐȠȓȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȐșȗȖȓȒȖȔȈȔȐ ȊȍȧȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ
ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȥ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȐșȤȦ ȔȍȓȒȖ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ș ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
ǵȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȌțȓȖ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȒȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȉȍȒȖȊ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ ȐȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȥȔȐȘȈ ȉțȝȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ
țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ
Ǫșȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ
Ǫ ǶȠȍ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ Ȋ ȒțȔȈȟȍȊȖȑ ȘțȉȈȝȍ Ȋ ȜțȘȈȎȒȍ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ
ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț

173
— ǵȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȣ" ǬȈȊȕȖ șȊȧȏȤ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȈ ǨȗȘȍȓȤ ǷȍȘȍȊȈȓȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ǭșȓȐ
ȕȍ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȚȖ ȗȖȊșȚȈȕȞȈȔȐ ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ǯȌȍșȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȓȐ ȖȚșȚȖȧȚȤ ǲȖȒȈȕȌ Ȑ ǨȕȌȐȎȈȕ" ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑȚȍșȤ-ȒȈ ȗȖȒȈ
Ȟȍȓȣ
— Ǩ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȌțȔȈȦ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ
Ǫ țȏȒȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ țȓȐȟȒȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȣȘȍȏȕȣȔ ȖȉȌțȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȋȈȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ș ȏȍȔȓȧȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȐ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
șȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȗȖȉȍȋȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȔȈȒȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȝț-
ȌȣȔȐ ȊȣșȖȝȠȐȔȐ țȏȉȍȒȈȔȐ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ș țȏȉȍȒșȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ ȊȣțȟȐȓ ȏȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȍ ȖȌȕț șȖȚȕȦ șȓȖȊ Ȉ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȐșȚȐȕȈ — ȟȚȖ ȚȦȘȒșȒȐȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȌȈȦȚșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍșȧȞ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌțȘȕȖ ȊȣțȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖ-țȏ-
ȉȍȒșȒȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȍȏȌȣ Ȋ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȉȖȒ Ȗ ȉȖȒ ș ǹȈȌȣȒ-ȌȎȈȕȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȖȚȠȓȐȜȖȊȒț ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
ǹȈȌȣȒ-ǬȎȈȕ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȐȝ țȘȖȒȖȊ Ȓ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ©ȕȈȏȐȘțª
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ȓȦȉȐȊȠȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȔț ȌȍȚȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ șȖȦȏȕȐȒȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤșȧ
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ǨȚȈȊȈȍȊȈ șȣȋȘȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȖȓȤ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șȣȋȘȈȓȈ șȖȓȐȌ-
ȕȈȧ șțȔȔȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȔ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȣ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
Țȣ Ȉ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ǰ șȉȖȘȣ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ǺȈȒ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ țȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȚțȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȤȒȍ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȝȈ-
ȓȈȚȍ Ȑ ȚȦȉȍȚȍȑȒȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ǹ ȕȐȔ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȌȎȐȋȐȚȈ Ȑ ǹȈȌȣȒ-ȌȎȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ǶȠȍ ǯȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ țȎȍ Ȉ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȍ Ȋ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȔȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȓȖ
ȆȓȤȌȣ-ǴȈȒȈȠȖȚȣ — ȗțȚȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ șȔȍȕȣ ȔȖȘȖȏȈ Ȑ ȏȕȖȧ ǻȏȒȈȧ ȚȘȖȗȒȈ — ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȉȈȘȈȕț ȗȘȖȑȚȐ — ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ǵȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
ȋȕȈȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȉțȘȕțȦ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȐșȚțȦ ȓȍȌȧȕțȦ ȊȖȌț
Ǩ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ǹȗȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȍȌȓȈȝ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȈȓȌȍȊȈȓȐ șȊȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȦȘȚȍ ǵȖ ȗȖȒȈ ©ȕȈȏȐȘª șȗȈȓ ǹȈȌȣȒ-ǬȎȈȕ
ȕȍțșȣȗȕȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȒȐȕȎȈȓȈ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȊșȍȔ ȕȍ-
ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ǲȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȊȣșȖȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȒȘțȟȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǵȈȏȐȘ-ȚȈȠ
Ȑ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȗȐȕȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȓȖȗȈȚȒȈȔȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊȣȗȘȧȔȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ
ǹȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ǲȖȘȖȚȈȧ ȌȖșțȋ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ

174
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓ ȔȍșȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȈțȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȠȈȑȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȔ ǷȈȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ ȓȍȌȧȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǲȈȘȈȒțȓȤ ǵȈȠȍȓ ȌȖȓȐȕț ȕȈ ȐȔȍȊȠȍȑșȧ ȒȈȘȚȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȌȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ǵȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȉȣ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
ȚȘȍȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗțȚȐ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ șȉȘțȍȑ ȒȖȊȈȕȖȋȖ șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȈ Ȋ ȘȈșȠȐȚȖȔ șȍȌȓȍ ȍȌȍȚ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȈȝ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȈȘȐȑșȒȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ
Ǫ ȒȐȠȓȈȒȈȝ Ȑ ȈțȓȈȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȟȍȚȈ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ ȏȈȒțșȐȊ ȋțȉȣ ȝȔțȘȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ
— ǲȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǽȖȌȎȐȔȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȧ Ȑȏ
ǶȠȈ"
ǰ ȊșȦȌț ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ ȝȖȌȈ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȕȐȔ
ǵȈȏȐȘ-ȚȈȠ
ǵț Ȑ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ǩȘȘ
ǬȖȘȖȋȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȝ șȎȈȚȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȔȐ Ȑ țȚȍșȈȔȐ ǩȍȏȌȕȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǰȏȏțȉȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȖșȣȗȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȈșȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȏțȉȖȊ ȐșȚȖȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ǳțȕȈ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȐȧȓȈ Ȑ ȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȖȚ-
ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖșȣȗȧȔȐ șȒȈȚȈȝ
ǵȈ Șȣșȧȝ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ șȚȐșȕțȚȣȑ ȠȈȗȒȈȔȐ șȒȈȓ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓ ǵȐȎȍ ȌȘȍ-
ȔȈȓȖ țȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȓțȕȍ șȍȓȍȕȐȍ
— ȅȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ț ȕȈș ȈȠȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ
— ǵȍȚ ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȟȈȑ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȖȍȌȍȔ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ
ǹȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȈȧȓȈ
ǴȍȌȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȓȖȎȉȐȕț ȌȖ ȒȘȈȍȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕțȦ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ țȋȓțȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȖȊțȦ
ȟȈȡț șȒȈȓ ǶȚȓȍȋȓȖ ȖȚ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǵȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ"
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȕȈ ȘȈșȠȐȚȖȔ șȍȌȓȍ ȒțșȈȧ ȋțȉȣ ȡȐȗȈȓ ȉȖȘȖȌț
șȋȖȕȧȓ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȓȉț
— ǲȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǽȖȌȎȐȔȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȧ
Ȑȏ ǶȠȈ"
— ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȓȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ
— ǷȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȒȈȒȈȓȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȠȈȑȚȈȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ
ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ǰȠȚȈȘ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȈșȚțȝȐ
— ǬȎȍȓȌȖȠȓȧȘ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȐ ǿțȔȣ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȕȍȚț
ǯȈȞȖȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ
ǭȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ǲȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ Ȓț-
ȟȍȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȠȐȊȍȊȠȐȝ ȦȘȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȚȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
— ȅȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȍșȚȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȕȈ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȧȔȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȒȈȓț Ȉ ȍșȚȤ

175
ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȖȉȝȖȌț ǫȌȍ ȥȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ"
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚȍ
— ȅȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ șțȚȐ ȌȍȓȈ ǵȈȌȖ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȧȔțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǻȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ǷȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ
ǷȘȧȔȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ș ȔȍșȚȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǮȍȓȖȉ ȕȈȉȐ-
Țȣȑ ȚȖȓȟȍȕȣȔ șȕȍȋȖȔ ǲȖȕȐ ȝȘȈȗȍȓȐ Ȑ ȒȖșȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȚȍȗȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȌȖȗȈȌ ȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ"
— ȅȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȗȘȈȊ
— ǬȈ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȍ ȝȖȌȐȚ"
— ǸȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȚȖ ȉȈȘȈȕȟțȒȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȔț ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȍȓȖ
— ǵț« ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǺȘȖȕțȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ șțȚȒȐ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȈȓșȧ ȌȎȐȋȐȚ ș ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ
ǵȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȊȖȕȖȋȐȑ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈȗȧȓȐȓ ȓȖȝȔȈȚțȦ ȗȖȘȊȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȠȈȗȒț șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȐȊȖȕȖȋȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȒȖȕȤȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȒ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ-ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȖȉț Ǩ șȕȐȏț Ȋșȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈ-
ȒȈȝǨȓȓȈȝ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȕȐ ȉțȘȐ ȕȐ șȕȍȋȈ ȕȐ ȖȚȚȍȗȍȓȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǲȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ
ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ șȗȧȡȐȝ ȗȖȒȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȤȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȒȐȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ș ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ
ǿțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȠțȘȠȈ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȏ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏ Ȓ șȚȖȧȕȒȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȣȔȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ǷȈșȚțȝȐ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈȔ șȖ șȒȈȓȣ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȐ ǳȐȞȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȔȘȈȟȕȍȍ — Ȉ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ȉȍȋțȡȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȈșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȘȧȉȐ-
ȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȧȚȍȓȤ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȍțȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȚȖ șȊȍȘȋȈȧșȤ șȖ șȒȈȓȣ
ȒȈȒ ș ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȣ ȚȖ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ ǩț-
ȘțȕȌțȒ ȌȘȍȔȈȓ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȈȘȈȔȐ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȘțȒ ǬȊȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣ
ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȊȠȐȔ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȖ ȝȘȍȉȚȈȔ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȈȔ ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȖ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ ǹȘȍȌȕȐȑ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ
ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȓ șȚȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ǷȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ǽȖȌȎȐȔ-
ȘȖȚ Ȑ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȤ ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ țȎȍ ȕȈșȒțȟȐȓȐ ǶȉȍȡȈȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȣȝ
— ©ȕȈ ȟȈȑª ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣ
— ǰȖȒ — ǵȍȚ ǺȊȖȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ — ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ

177
— ȅȑ Țȣ ȕȈȋȓȖȚȈȍȠȤșȧ ȔȖșȒȐȚȖȊ ȏȈȒȘȖȑ ȘȖȚ ǷȖșȚȖȘȖȕȐșȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȠȤ
ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȤ
ǽȖȌȎȐȔȘȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȘȈȋȈȟȍȔ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓșȧ ȊȍȚȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȠțȘȠȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȍ ȓȍȋȓȖ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
ȗȘȐȋȕțȓȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǲȘȍȗȒȖ șȌȈȊȐȓȖ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȤ ǽȖȌȎȐȔȘȖȚ ȏȈȝȘȐȗȍȓ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ
ȗȖȊȖȌ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȚȘȍȔȍȕȈ șȒȖȊȣȘȕțȓșȧ ș șȍȌȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț ș ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ
ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȎȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉțȦ ȗțșȚȖȚț
ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȕȖȋȐȑ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȖȊȖȌ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȍȊȈ ȒȖȕȧ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ țșȒȖȘȧȧ ȘȣșȤ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȤ ȖȉȈȓȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȚȧȕțȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȐȌȍȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȖ,
ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ țȌȈȘ ȗȖ ȘțȒȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ǻȏȌȍȟȒț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȊȈ ȒȖȕȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
— ǹȈȌȣȒ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ"
— ȇ ȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ șȐȌȍȓ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȧȒ ȉȈȘȈȕȟțȒ
ǲȐȘȋȐȏ șȕȐȏț ȖȘȈȓ
— ȅȑ ȥȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
— ǬȈȊȈȑ ȍȔț Ȍȍȕȍȋ șȒȖȘȍȑ Ȕȣ ȍȔț ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
Ƕȕ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ Ȓ ȒȐȘȋȐȏț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
—ǨșȥȚȐȔȟȚȖ"
ǲȐȘȋȐȏ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ǸȈȝȔȈȕȒțȓȧ
— ǯȈȘțȉȐ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȉ șȈȗȖȋȐ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ — ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒ
ǷȍȘȍȌȕȧȧ ȗȈȘȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖȟȤ ȇșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȔȍșȚȈ ǬȕȍȔ Ȗȕ
șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȍȏȌȒț ȗȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȔ Ȑ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈȔ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȖȕȐ șȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț țȚȍșȈȔȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȍȌȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ǯȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȏȈȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȊșȦ
ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ ȦȘȚȣ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȕ ȗȓȈȕ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ǶȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȖȌȍȎȌț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
ȖȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ Ȑ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ ȒȐȘȋȐȏșȒțȦ ȊȖȑȓȖȟȕțȦ ȠȈȗȒț Ǫ ȍȋȖ
șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȒȓȈȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȚȈȚȈȘșȒȖȍ ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȝȐȕȖȑ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȊ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖ-ȖȓȐȊȒȖȊȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȊșȍȔȍșȚȕȖ Ȋ ǨȏȐȐ
ǴȍșȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȈ ©ǲȈȒ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȕȐ ȝȖȘȖȠ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȋȓȈȏ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȕȍ
ȟȍȘȕȣȑª ȕȍȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȘȐȍ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȖȌȍȓ ȎȍȕșȒțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎț
ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ țȏȉȍȒ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȍȚ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ
ǸȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ Ȑ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȘ-
Țȍ ǲ țșȓțȋȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȈȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȈȝ

ǯȈȓȈȑșȒȐȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
Ȕț Ȋȍȓ ©ȗțȚȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑª
ǹȒȖȘȖ ǷȈȔȐȘ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȑȝ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ©ȌȖȓȐȕ țȎȈșȈª
ǹ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȈ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȑ Ȑ șȖȟȕȖȑ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȢȍȏȌȍ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȖȓȣȠȈȔȐ ǫȖȓȣȠȈȔȐ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȐ
ȊȍȘșȚ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȋȖȓȣȠȍȑ ǩȘȖȌȧȟȐȍ ȗȍșȒȐ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ
ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȖȚ-
ȌȣȝȈȓȐ ȌțȠȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȊȊȖȓȦ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧșȤ șȕț
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒț șțȚȖȒ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
ǪȍȓȐ Ȏȍ șȚȈȌȖ ȧȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȌȎȐȋȐȚȣ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐ ȗȣȓȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ — ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ șȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȒȈȓȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ
ǺȈȒ ȠȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ ȌȐȒȐȔ Ȑ ȉȍȏȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȘȍȌȒȐȔȐ ȒȓȖȟ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
ȀȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȞȍȓȐ

179
ǻǮǲǽǶǿȊ ǻǮ ǿǸǮǹǳ
ǪȍȘȉȓȦȎȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ǬȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȗȖȊȐșȠȐȝ ȕȈȌ ȖșȣȗȧȔȐ ȒțșȚȖȊ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ǹȈȌȣȒ Ȋȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ ǹȊȍȚȓȖȎȍȓȚȣȍ
ȓȣșȐȕȣ ȗȍșȒȖȊ ȟȍȘȍȌțȧșȤ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȕțșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȗțșȚȣȕȕțȦ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȕțȦ ȌȖșȒț ǵȍȉȖ ȘȈșȒȖșȖȍ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ
șȒȈȓ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ǵȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȏȓȐȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȐșȚȍȘȚȣȍ
ȉȖȒȈ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȝ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȈȝȐ ȗȈȓȍȕȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȐ
ȊȍȘȉȓȦȎȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȚȈ ȧȒȈ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ
ǻȏȒȐȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȖȔ ș ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ țȏȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȕȐ-
ȚȖȟȒȖȑ ȘțȟȤȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ǺȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȗȘȖȑȌȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȐ
ǬȈ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȘȖȟȐȡȍ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șțȚȖȒ ȗȧ-
ȚȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȌȒȈȟȈȚȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȣ
ȟȚȖȉȣ șțȕțȚȤșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȈȗȣ ȝȈȕȣȔȞȈȔ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔ șȚȈȊ-
Ȓț ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ
— ǩȈȘȈȕȟțȒ Țȍȉȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȊȖșȝȖȌț ȚȈȔ ț ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȘțȟȤȧ
Ȑȏ ǲȈȘȈ-ǲțȓȧ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȚ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȖ ȊȖȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǮȌȍȔ Țȍȉȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȍȡȍȘȈȝ
ǩȈȘȈȕȟțȒ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȈȚțȦ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ
ǷțȚȕȐȒȐ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȉ șȘȈȏț ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȒț Ȋ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȌȖȓȐȕț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȒȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȈȡȐȚȤșȧ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȌȍȚ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȔ
ǵȈȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ șȓȖȑ ȗȍșȒȈ ȊȍșȤ ȐȏȘȣȚ
ȉȣȓ șȓȍȌȈȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȋȖȕȧȓȐ șȚȈȌȈ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ
șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȘȍȔȧ ȐȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȔȐ
ǻȎȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȊȝȖȌ Ȋ ȒȖȚȓȖȊȐ-
ȕț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șȊȍȎțȦ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ǷȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȐ
©ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȉȈ ȕȈȌ ȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȦȡȐȔ ȟȐȚȈȍȔȖȍ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ǰȉȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ Ȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȎȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐȝ ȉțȒȊ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȦȘȒșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧȝ
ǪșȧȒȖȔț ȊȈȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑșȒȈ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȋȖ ǭȘȋȈȠȈ ȊȖȓȍȦ ǪșȍȔȐȓȖ-
șȚȐȊȖȋȖ ȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ǶȠȍȔ Ȑ ǵȈȔȈȕȋȈȕȖȔ ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȖȉȍȌț

180
ǩȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧ ȖȋȕȦ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ ǰȚȈȒ țȉȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ Ȕȍș-
ȚȈȝ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȌ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ ȠȈȑȚȈȕȍ ȖȉȡȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȊȣșȖȚ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȋȖȘȐȑ
ǵȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȎȐȊțȡȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȧș-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ ǲȘȖȊȓȐ ǴȐȘȈ" ǮȐȚȍȓȐ ȋȖȘ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȋȖȘȐȑ ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș șȒȈȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ:
ȕȍȚ"
ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ǽȈȕȣȔ ȝȈȕȣȔ ǺȊȖȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȚȘțȌȣ Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȐȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȈ ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȉȐȘȈȑ șȚȈȌȈ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ Ȑ ȧȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȖȟȍȊȣȊȈȑ ȗȖȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ Ȓ țȘȖȟȐȡț ǲȈȘȈ-ǲțȓȤ Ȋ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȝȈȕȣȔ șȚȍȘȍȋțȡȐȔ ȠȈȑȚȈȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȐȏȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȐșȐȞȣ
ǵȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȠȈȑȚȈȕȈ ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ ǽȈȑ-ǽȖȌȎȐ-ǽțȌȍȧȘ ȝȈȕȈ Ȑȏ
ȘȖȌȈ ǩȈȉțȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȕȍȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐȔȣȔ ȓȐȕȐȧȔ
șțȌȤȉȣ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȧȊȐȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈș
ǯȈȗȐșȣȊȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǸȖȏȖȊȈ Ǫșȍ ȏȈȗȐ-
șȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȤȍ șȚȈȘȣȔȐ ȘțȉȓȧȔȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȜțȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȔȖȕȍȚȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȥȔȐȘȈ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȐȍª
— Ǻ-ȚȥȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ǯȈȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȠȈ
ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ǶȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȚȈȡȐȚȤșȧ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȧ țȌȈȘȈ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ Ȋ șȗȐȕț ȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ șȖ șȒȈȓȣ — ȖȌȕȖ ȀȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȔȈș-
șȖȊȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ — ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǯȌȍșȤ țȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȧȓȐȓ ȊȖȑȓȖȒ
ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȌțȔȈȊ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȐȘȋȐȏșȒȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȈșȚțȝȈȔȐ ǵț-ș ǹȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȌȖȓȐȕț ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȐȝ
ȔȍșȚ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȗȣȓȐ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ șȚȈȌȈ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȐ-ȌȎȐȋȐȚȣ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȑȓȖȟȕȖȑ ȠȈȗ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȌȈȓȐ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ — ȗȧȚȤ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȒȐ ȖȓȐȊȒȖȊȣȍ ȋȘțȏȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȖȚȚȖȗȣ-
ȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȊȣȒȈȚȍ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ
ș ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗțȟȒȈȔȐ ȠȍȘșȚȐ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȠȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȚȖȧȕȒȐ ǩȍȘȍȕ-
ȌȍȍȊȈ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ"
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ șȒȈȒȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȏȈȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕ-
ȞȈ ǹȈȌȣȒ șȓȍȚȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ ȗȖȓȍȏ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȈȚțȦ ȗȖȒȘȣȚțȦ ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȠȈȗȒț ǰȏ ȠȈȗȒȐ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȗțȒ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȎȤȍȑ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ǸȈȏȔȖȚȈȓ ǺȈȔ
Ȋ ȚȖȕȒȖȔ ȉțȝȈȘșȒȖȔ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ șȖȓȕȞȈȔȐ ȗȓȈȚȒȍ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚ ȉȣȓ țȏ-
ȒȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȈȔșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ǵȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǩțȘțȕ-
ȌțȒ ǶȡțȚȐȓ ȍȓȍ țȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ǲȖȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȏȌȍșȤ

182
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǽȈȕȣȔȞȍȊ ȖȗȈșȈȑȚȍșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ ǪȈȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȉȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ ț ȕȈș ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȐȔ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȊȏȉȘȍȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȔȈȘȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȠȐȊȖȋȖ ǲȈȘȈ-
ǲțȓȧ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕțȦ Ȏȍ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȦ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȤ ș ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȈȝ ș ȥȚȐȔ șȈ-
ȔȣȔ ǽțȌȍȧȘȖȔ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ
ǹȗȍȠȐȚȍ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȝȖȟț ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓțȑȚȍ ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȘțȟȒț ǵȈȚȈȓȤȐ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȕȣ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȍȑ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȉ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ș țȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ȒȓȐȟȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ǴȖșȒȊȈ Ȑ ǷȐȚȍȘ ȧ ȊȐȎț Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȌȘțȏȍȑ șȖȌȈ-țȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȧȎȒȈ ȒȍȗșȚȍȕȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ
șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ Ǩ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ șȖȓȤȦ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ țȍȏȎȈȦ ȗȖ
șȒțȟȕȖȑ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȈȊȖȏȕȣȝ ȎțȒȖȊ ȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚȧȔ ȕȈ ȒțȓȐȟȒȐ
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȑ ǪȈȔ ȉȖȋ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȑȚȍ Ȋ ȟȈșȣ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȍȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȏȈȘȈȏȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ș ǪȈȔȐ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȍȒȐ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȣȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔ
ǬȘȈȊȍȘȚ
Ǹ S ǿțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ țȎ ȍșȓȐ Ǫȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȊȤȦȟȤȚȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȗȖȗȣȝȈȝ
ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȣȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȑ ȔȍȠȒȐ ș ȚȘȈȊȈȔȐ ǪȏȧȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȹ  ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊșȒȖȔț ȗȓȈȕț Ȗȕ-ȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ț ȊȈș
ȍșȚȤ șȌȈȚȤ Ȏȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȧ ȕȐ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ©ǷȈȔȐȘª Ȋ «ȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ȕȈ
ǺȘțȉȍ
ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ
Ǭª
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ǶȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍ-
Ȕț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȒȐȘȋȐȏț ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȌȊȐȎțȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ
— ǲȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ ȐȌțȚ ȕȍ Ȓ ȖȏȍȘț Ȉ ȖȚ ȖȏȍȘȈ" ǰ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ǽțȌȍȧȘ-ȝȈȕ"
ǲȐȘȋȐȏ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǨȓȓȈȝ ȊȍȌȈȍȚ ȌȍȓȈ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǽȈȑ-ǽȖȌȎȐ-ǽțȌȍȧȘ ȝȈȕȈ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚ--
șȧ ȌȍȝȒȈȕ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ Ȑ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ ȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȠȈȑȚȈȕ șȐȌȐȚ ȗȖȌ
șȒȈȓȖȦ ǩȈȐ-ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȘȧȌȍ ȕȖ ȗȈșȚțȝȐ Ȑ Ȍȍȝ-
ȒȈȕȍ ȕȍȗȘȖȟȤ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȚȈȌȈȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȌȕȐ ȕȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ǩȈȘȈȕ-
ȟțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖ-
ȊȈȕȤȍ ȏȈ ȔȍșȧȞ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ, șȒȈȏȈȊ ȊȖȦȑȚȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐ-

183
ȒȈȔȐ Ȉ Ȕȣ ȗȖ-șȚȈȘȖȔț ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȍȏȈȚȤ Ȑ Țȍȝ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ǳȐȞȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȓȈ țșȔȍȠȒȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȜțȕȚ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȉȈȘȈȕȟțȒȐ ȌȈȓȐ șȚȘȍȒȈȟȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ Ȉ ȗȈșȚțȝȐ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ șȚȈȌȈȔ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ șȒȈȎțȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ
ȘțșșȒȐȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȕȍ Țȍ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȍ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȌ-
ȗȐșȍȑ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȈȝ ș ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ǸȖȏȖȊȣȔ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ" Ǩ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȐ"
ǵȖ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ 0-ȍ
ȐȦȕȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȈȌȘȍș ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȐșȚȐ-
ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ǲȐȘȋȐȏȈ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǳȣșȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȣȗȧȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȘțȗȖȔ ȒȖ-
ȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ Ȗșȣȗȧȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȟȈȝȓȣȔȐ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
— ǭȌȍȔ ǹȈȌȣȒ
— ǲ ȖȏȍȘț"
— ǵȍȚ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȕȍ Ȓ ȖȏȍȘț ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț ȕȈȏȈȌ
— ǵȈ ǴȖșȒȊț" Ǩ ȠȈȑȚȈȕ"
— ǪȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚ ȠȈȑȚȈȕȈ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȗȖ ȗȐșȤȔț
ǷȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȞȍȗȤ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ Ȑ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț ǷȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȟȊȈ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșșȍȟȍȕȈ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȔȐ
— ǵȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ ǹȈȌȣȒ
ǵȍȉȖ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ șȕȍȋ ǹ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ țȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȗȣȚ
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȈȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȟȈȊȒȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋȧȏ-
ȕțȚȤ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ șȐȓ
ǾȍȗȤ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖȑ
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕȖ ǹȓȍȏȠȐ ș ȒȖȕȍȑ ȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȋ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋșȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȚȘȧșȐȕț
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋ șȋțșȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȠȍșȚȍȘȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȊȖșȤȔȍȘȣȝ ȊșȈȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȒȈȝ țȔȍȓȖ
ȊȣȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȊȠȐȝ ș ȒȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȟȒț ǷȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǲȖȕȍȑ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ
— ǺțȌȈ ȚțȌȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ
ǶȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǭȡȍ  ȓȖȒȚȍȑ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȚȈȔ ǹȈȔ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȕȈș ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ
ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǶȚ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘțȉȣȝ Ȑ ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊȣȝ țșȓțȋ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȀȓȐ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍșȟȈȕțȦ

ȒȖȚȓȖȊȐȕț șȚȐșȕțȚțȦ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȋȌȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȌȖȓȐȕț
Ȑ ȕȈ țȚȍșȍ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ
Ǫ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȏȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ

185
ȍȆǮ ǿǼǰǳȀǹȍǾ—ǲǮ ǵǲǾǮǰǿȀǰȁȌȀ
ǿǼǰǳȀȉ
ǵȈȊȖȏȕȣȍ ȎțȒȐ ȕȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȗȘȈȊ ȉȣȓ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ
ǸȈȏȌțȚȣȍ ȖȚ ȒțȔȣșȈ ș ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȐȒȐ ȒȈȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȓȍȠȕȐ ǶȌȐȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ
ȖȉȡȍȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
șȚȈȊȒț ȕȈ șțȌ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒțȦ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊț
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȍ ȏȈȒȐȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈȝȘȈȗȍȓ ǷȖȏ-
Ȏȍ Ȋ ȒȘȖȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠ-
ȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
— ǨȚȈ ȈȚȈ ȇ șȓțȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȣ ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȕ
ǩȣȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȐ ȌȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȘȧȌ
— ǴȔ Ǩ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȗȧȡȐȑ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ"
— ȅȚȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ ǷȈșȚțȝ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȉȈȧ Ȋ șȗȖȘȍ ǩȈȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ǽțȌȍȧȘ-
ȝȈȕț ȕȈ șțȌ
— Ǩ-Ȉ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȠȍȔ ǹȗȐ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȖȒ
ǸȈȕȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȓȐȓȖ ȗȍȡȍȘț ǹȚȍȕȣ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȏȈșȐȧȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ǲȐȘ-
ȋȐȏȣ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȍ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒȖȧȚȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȊ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȖȔ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȋțȉȒț ȓȐȞȖȔ ȉț-
ȌȐȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ȕȍȏȌȍȠȕȐȑ Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȑ
Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȐ
ǲȐȘȋȐȏȣ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȗȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ
— Ǵȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȐ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȉțȌț
ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȈȔȐ
ǬȍȘȎȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ǫțșȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȧȕȒȍ ȝȐȕț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ Ȍȓȧ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȐȞȈ Ȋȣȓȍȏ ȕȈ șȒȈȓț
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ șȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȈȏȈȚȤ ǪȕȐȏț ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȐ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȓ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ Ȉ ȊȕȐȏț ȊȣȊȍȓ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐȔȐ
ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ
— ȇȠȈ șȖȊȍȚȓȧȘ — ȌȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȦȚ șȖȊȍȚȣ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȌ șȒȈȓȖȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ
— Ǻȣ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓ ȐȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȐ ȏȈȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ șȌȍȓȈȕȕțȦ ȐȔ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ — șȖȉȈȒȈ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȝȒȈȕ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ șȚȍȗȐ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȕțȎȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȐ
Ȉ ȗȈșȚțȝț Ȑ ȌȍȝȒȈȕț ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ" ǿȐȚȈȑ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ ȗȐȠȍȚ țȉȐȊȈȑ

187
ȔȣșȓȤ-ȖșȣȗȤ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț
— ǲȚȖ Țȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ"
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȖȉȊȍȓ ȠȐȘȤ șȚȍȗȍȑ țȉȍȋȈȊȠțȦ Ȓ Ȧȋț
— ǨȘȈȉȣ ȗȍȘșȣ ȐȕȌțșȣ ǺȐȉȍȚ ǪșȦȌț ȍȌț ȖȚȕȐȔȈȦ șȚȈȌȈ ț ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ Ȑ
ȖȘȖȠȍȕȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦ Ȑȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔȐ ȒȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȍ-
ȗȐ ȒȚȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȍȚ șȒȖȚ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ
— ǲȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȚȤ șȚȈȌȖ ȉȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȉȈȑ" ǲȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ"
— ǩȈȑ ȕȍ șȚȍȘȍȎȍȚ șȚȈȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȕȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȐȔȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȖȕȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȈ-
șȚȉȐȡȈ ǩȈȑ ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȋ ȦȘȚȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȈșȚțȝț ȗȘȐȕȍșȐ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȈȑ ȥȚȖ ǷȖȟȍ-
Ȕț ȗȈșȚțȝ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȒțȔȣș Ȑ șȣȘȣ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȍ ȖȚ șȚȈȌȈ ȉȈȦ"
ǳțȟȠȍ ȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȋȖșȚȦ ȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒț ȟȍȔ ȉȈȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ǿțȚȤȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȓȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȉȍȌț
— ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȉȈȑ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ șȚȈȌȖ ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ǷȓȍȕȕȐȒ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȏȈ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȣȗȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ-
șȚȧȝ ȉȈȍȊ Ȗ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȧșȤ
ǷȘȖȟȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤșȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȚȖ țȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍșȕȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȌȖ Ȓț-
Ȕȣș ȗȐȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫțȎȈȒ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȕțȎȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȍ ǶȕȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȌțȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȧȚ
ǻȌȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ǵȈșȘȌȣȕ ȚȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ șȗȖȘȐȓ
șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȖȕȧȓ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ șȒțȗȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Țț-
șȒȓȖ
— Ǻȣ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ Ǩ șȈȔ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤȦ ǶȚ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ Ȋșȍ
ȊȍȘȉȓȦȎȤȧ ȠȍȘșȚȤ ȧȒȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȧȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȔțȌȘ.
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ǫțȎȈȒ" ǷțșȚȖȚȣ ǺȈȒ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șȚȈ-
ȌȖ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ Ȉ ȌȖșȚȈȕȍȠȤ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ ȊșȍȋȖ-ȕȈȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȒțșȖȒ Ȋȣ-
ȋȖȘȍȊȠȍȑ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ǵȍȏȌȍȠȕȐȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȒȈȓȣ ȔȍȎȌț șȒȈȓȈȔȐ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ Ȑ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ
ǹȗȖȘ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ șȒȓȖȕ ȝȖȓȔȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȗȖȊȍȧȓȖ
ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȐȍȔ șȕȍȋȈ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȌțȠȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȣȕȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ ǲȐȘȋȐȏȣ ȓȐȞȈ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǨȒȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ȕȣ ȖȉȌțȔȈȓȐ ȚȊȖȐ șȖȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ǪȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȍȔșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȚȈȌȈȔ Țȍȉȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖșȐȔ ȐȌȚȐ ș ȕȈȔȐ ǷȘȐȔȍȔ Țȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ
ȝȈȕȣ ȜȍȘȋȈȕșȒȐȍ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȀȈ-ǴȈȠȘȈȉȈ ș ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ-

188
ȘȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ǻȣ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȠȤ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓ șȚȈȌ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȘȖ-
ȟȐȡȈ Ȑ șțȌț ȚȊȖȍȔț Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȔșȧ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǵȈȌȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȚțȌȈ
Ƕȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȓȈȋȍȘȧ
— ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȠȈȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȌȕț ȒȖȉȣȓț ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈ
ȕȈȠ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȌȍȓȐȚȤ" ǩȈȐ Ȏȍ țȏȕȈȊ
Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȐ șȖȉȍȘțȚ ȖȚ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ țȘȖȟȐȡ ȗȘȐȊȍȌțȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ
ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȝ Ȑ șȓȍȗȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȧȚ ȕȈș ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȦ ȕȈȏȖȊțȚ ȉȈȘȈȕȟțȒȈȔȐ ǰȌȍȔ
Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ǹȖȉȍȘȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȝȒȈȕ Ȑ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȐȔ ȕȈȟȕȍȔ ȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȈ ȊșȍȔȐ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȋȖȘȐȧȔȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ șȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȢȍȏȌ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȍȗȤȦ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȢȍȏȌ ǵȈ șȖȊȍȚ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
— ǵȈ șȖȊȍȚ ǺȖȚ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȢȍȏȌ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȏ ȉȈȍȊ ȉȍȏ ȘȈșȠȐȚȣȝ șȍȌȍȓ
ǹȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȖ ǵȖ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ șȗȈȑȒȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ƕȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȡțȚȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȑ
ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȎȐȊțȦ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǶșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȕ-
ȞȐȗ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȔȍȚȒȐȑ Ȑ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț ȉȍȏ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȝ ȗȖȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȠțȚȧ Ȑ ȖșȍȌȈȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
— ǪȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒț ȖȘțȎȐȍ
ǵȈșȘȌȣȕ Ȋȓȍȏ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȔ ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȎȍȓȚțȦ șțȝțȦ ȗȣȓȤ
ȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȚȖȑ șȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȑ Ȓ ȘțȟȤȦ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓ
ȚȍȔ ȟȍȚȒȐȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ȗȖȉțȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ șȓȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȍ.
ǩȖȘȤȉȈ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ" -ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ țȘȖȒ ȗȖȓȐȚȋȘȈȔȖȚȣ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȔ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ"
Ǫșȍ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǷȖȓȐȚȋȘȈȔȖȚȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ș ȀȈȘȐȈȚȈ
șȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȔțșțȓȤȔȈȕ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȈșȤ ǳȍȕȐȕȣȔ ǵȖ ș țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
țȔȍȕȐȍȔ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȘȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈșȒȖȘțȏȓțȦ ȒȖȘț ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȈȚ-
ȘȐȈȘȝȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȍȒ Ȑ ȉȐȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȚȖȟȒț șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȓțȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ
ǷȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ ȉȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ǲȖȓȤ-
ȞȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȘȖșȓȖ ȇȠȈ șȖȊȍȚȓȧȘ — ȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ
— ǵț-ș Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ" — ȌțȔȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ șȘȈȏț
ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ" ǹȊȧȏȐ ș ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȕȍȚ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ǼȍȘȋȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȔȐȘȍȕȈ — ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏ ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ — ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ
— ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘțȗȗȈȔȐ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȖȔ Ȑ șȒțȌȕȖ ȕȈșȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȔ ǷȈȔȐȘȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȍȔ ȟȍȔ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȍ

ǵȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȍ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȠȓȈ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȌȍ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȒȓȐȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȔȍȎȌț ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ ȗțȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕȖȔȍȘȕȣȑ Ȋ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ
ǲȈȌȘȣ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑȏ ǼȍȘȋȈȕȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȈȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȈ Ǩ șȍȑȟȈș"
ǸȈȏȓȖȎȐȚȤ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȖȗȖȓȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȘțșșȒȐȝ
ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ Ǫ ȌȊȈ șȟȍȚȈ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋșȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȕȖșȕȖ-
ȋȖ țșȗȍȝȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȝȈȕȣȔȞȍȊ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖ-
ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȍȔț ȕȍ țȋȘȖ-
ȎȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ
șȖȏȊȈȊ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȚ ȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕ ȊȝȖȌ ȏȈȎȐȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȈȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ țȎȍ șȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓ ȖȚȘȧȌ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȧȏȣȒȈȝ ȏȈ
ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ ǵȈșȘȌȣȕȈ-ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ— Ȋ ȘȖȓȐ ȊȖȍȕȒȖȔȈ
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȟȈșȚȐ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǫȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȍȒȖȊ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȐȒȈȝ țȒ-
ȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȘȈșȠȐȚȣȍ șȍȌȓȈ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ ȖȚ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍșȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ ȚȖȎȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘ-
ȌȍȑȞȍȊ Ǫ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț ȊȣȠȓȐ ȉȈȘȈȕȟțȒȐ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ ǩȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȍ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖșȖȟȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ǩțȝȈȘȣ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓ ȗȖȟȊț Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ
ǶȗȖȓȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȈȧȓȖ ǷȍȘȍȌȍȓ șȚȈȌ Ƞȍȓ șȓȈȉȖ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧȝ ǵȖ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȍ țȟȍȕȐȒȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț șȝȊȈȚȐȊ șțȚȤ
șȚȍȗȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȓȧȚȤ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ Ȑ
ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ǪȖȓȕȣ țȓȍȋȓȐșȤ ȕȖ șȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȖ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȊ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȖȗȖȓȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȖȚȢȍȏȌț șșȣȓȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȊȧȏȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȍȘȎȒȐ ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȍȊȖȑ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ©ȗțȚȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑª
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȈȌȗȐșȍȑ ǽțȌȍȧȘȈ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒ-
ȕțȚȣ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓȖșȤ — ȇȠȈ șȖȊȍȚȓȧȘ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȈȏȉȘȍȌȈȓȐșȤ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ
ȉȈȘȈȕȟțȒȐ ©ǷțȚȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑª ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȣȔ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȍȊȐȒȖȔ ȕȍșțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȘȧȌȈ

190
ǹǳǲȍǻǮȍ ǽǾǼǯǸǮ
ǼȈȑȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǹȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȌȈȓȤ ȊșȚȈȊȠȈȧ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȊȐȕȈ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ǬȖ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȘ"
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ"
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț țȌȈȓȧȍȚșȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ǫ
ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ" ǽțȎȍ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ
ǵȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȖȔ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȘȈș-
ȗȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ
ǻ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȍȏ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȟȈȌȧ ȚȘțȉȒȖȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȑ șȈȕȐȚȈȘ ǵȈ ȗȖȗȣȚ-
ȒȐ ǼȈȑȕȈ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ șȈȕȐȚȈȘ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ Ȑ șȈȔ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ
ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ șȈȕȐ-
ȚȈȘ ȏȈȎȈȓ țȠȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
șȈȕȐȚȈȘț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȟȍȓȧȝ șȚȘȖȎȈȑȠȍ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ș ȉȖ-
ȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǬȕȍȔ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȕȐȓ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ
ǳȐȞȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȐȔ
ǼȈȑȕ
— ǵȈȘȖȌ-ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȐ — Ȋ ȏȓȖȉȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ ǵȈȘȖȌ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ
țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȘȈȏȓȍȋȠȐȑșȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍșȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȑ șȓțȎȉȣ ǪȍȌȤ șȒȓȈȌ țȔȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ-ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐșȗȖ-
șȖȉȓȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ
ǬȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧ-
ȡȍ ǹȒȖȘȖ ǼȈȑȕ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȖȒȖȠȒț ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ǷȖȖȌȈȓȤ
ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ǫȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȌȣȘȣ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȕȍȋȈ ȎȐȓȣȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ șȈȘȈȐ ǫȓȣȉȣ ȓȤȌȈ.
ǹȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȌȈȓȤ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ǲȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ ȗțșȚțȦȡȍȍ
Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȏȐȔȣ ǹȊȧȏȤ ș ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǹȦȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ǼȈȑȕȈ
ǬȕȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ǹȕȍȋȈ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȊȏȉțȝȓȐ ǷȚȐ-
ȟȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈȌ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȍșȒȖȚȕȧ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ
ȏȈȗȧȚȣȍ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ șȖ șȒȈȓ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
ȖȚ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȏȈȗȧȚȣȝ ȕȍȉȖ
ǼȈȑȕȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȗȘȖș ǵȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ȌȖȗȘȖș Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ǺȈȒȖȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ șȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ
— ǹȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȘȍȌ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ"
— ǲȚȖ ȊȈș ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ"

191
ǵȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȊ ȊȏȉțȝȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȘȖȔȈ Ȑ șȗȍȘȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣ ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ
ǼȈȑȕ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǶȉȢȧșȕȐ-
Țȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ" Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ"
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
— ǵȖ ȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ"
— ǻȊȍȌȐȚȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǼȈȑȕȈ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ Ȋ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȍ ǩȘȍȊȍȕȟȈȚȣȑ șȘțȉ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȏȈȘȖș șȣȘȖșȚȤȦ ǴȍȘȏȓȣȍ ȓțȎȐ ȊȖȌȣ ǹȓȈȉȣȍ șȚȘțȑȒȐ șȊȍȚȈ ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ȚȖȗȈ-
ȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȍ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȡȍȓȍȑ șȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘȧȏȤ ǯȈȚȖ Ȋ
ȡȍȓȐ Ȏȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ ǼȈȑȕȈ ǲȖȍ-ȟȚȖ
ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ Ȗ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȊȍșȕȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȈȧȝ Ȋ ȔȈȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍ ǴȈȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȌȕȍȊȕțȦ
ȗȖȘȞȐȦ șțȝȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȋȖșȚȤ ȘȈ-
ȕȍȍ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ǬȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȘșȒȐȔ Ȋȣ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ ǩȣȓ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȖȚ-
ȘȧȌ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǻȎ ȧȊȐȚȍ ȉȖȎȍȞȒțȦ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ
Ȋȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȏȈșȚțȗȕȐȒȐ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ǪȏȉȘȍȓȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȖȚ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘțȚ
șțȟȤȐ ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȗȘțȚșȧ
— ǺȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" — Ȋ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȚșȒȐȍ ȓȖȏțȕȝȐ ț ȕȐȝ
— Ǩ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȠȗȐȖȕȣ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍșȚȤ" — ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓșȧ
ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ
— ǲȈȒ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȉȖȘ Ǫșȍ ȌȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔȍȞȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș
ȜȘȖȕȚȈ țȉȍȋȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ
— ǵț ȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ȊȈȔ ȖȒȈȎȍȔ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ȌȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ǷȖȒȈ Ȕȣ
ȏȌȍșȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ
ǷȖȒȈ"
ǵȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȗȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐ-
ȟȈȕȍ țȍȏȎȈȦȚ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȊȣȝȖȌ Ȑȏ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȖȍ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ
ȈȘȚȍȓȐ
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȕȈȚȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț ȗȈȘȕȐ șȚȘȖȋȖ-ȕȈ-
șȚȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȍȚȐ ȌȈ șȕȈșȚȐ ȌȈ ȒȘȦȟȒȐ ȉȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȕȐȞț ȖȒȈ Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȘȐ-

192
ȌȍȔ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȔ
ǻȝȖȌȧ Ȏȍ ȗȈȘȕȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ-ȟȈșȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
țȌȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ
ǰȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȗȖȕȧȓ ǼȈȑȕ ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖ-
șȚȧȝ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȈ șȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȖșȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȗȍȘȊȣ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ ǫȓȈȊȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ-
șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȚȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ șȐȓȖȑ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȕȍȋȈ Ȑ ȓȤȌȣ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ șțȚȖȒ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȣȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ Ǫ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȎȐȚȤ ș ȊȍȟȕȖ ȏȈȎȔțȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǴȐȘ ȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȔ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȈ ȋȓȣȉ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ ȕȈ ȓȣȎȈȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ Ȋ ȟȈșȖȊȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȐȕțȚȤ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕțȦ
ȔȈȚȖȔ țȋȘȖȏț
ǬȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȓȐ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ țȍ-
ȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȣȝ ȒȈȚȍȘȈȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǼȈȑȕ
șțȠȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȖȊșȚȈȕȞȈȔȐ șȊȧȏȤ ș
ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȘȊȈȕȈ ǯȐȔȖȑ ǴțȘȔȈȕ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȍȕ Ȑ ȗțșȚ ǪȍșȕȖȑ Ȏȍ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȐȌȍȚ ș ǷȖȔȖȘȤȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȣ Ȑ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌȐȒ ȕȍ țȟȍȓ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌțȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȉȖȑ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǵȖ ȗȖȌȘȧȌȟȐȒ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ — ǨȘȚȍȓȐ-ȚȖ ȗȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȐȚȚȐȚȤ Ȉ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȋȓȧȌȐ
ȗȘȈ-șȓȖȊȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȝ țȍȌț ȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȘȖȗȈ-
ȌȈȑ ȔȖȐ șȕȈșȚȐ ǪȣȗȤȍȔ
ǰ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȖȔȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȗȈȓȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ǼȈȑȕȈ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ Ȓ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚț ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ șȘȈȏț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȘȕȍ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
țȕȚȍȘ-ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈ-
șȐȓ șȍșȚȤ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ
ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ
Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȘȐȐ ǪȈȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕȍ
ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ
ȎȐȏȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ǪȊȐȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȣ ȊȈș ȏȕȈȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȐ-
ȚȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚȍșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȘȖȓȤ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȧȝ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȘȖȓȐȚȐȧ
— ǨȋȈ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ — ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǵț ȗȖȌȖȎȌȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Țȣ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȈ ȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖșȕȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȐ ȌȍȘȎȐȚȍ"

193
— ȅȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ǫȣ ǹȈȔțȐȓ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ǼȈȑȕ ȈȋȍȕȚ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȑ
ǿȍȒȈ ǷȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ șȓȍȎȒȐ ȏȈ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ ǶȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȥȚȈ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ țȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȋȖ ǺȖȚȟȈș ȌȖȊȍȓȈ ȌȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐ-
Țȍȓȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȈȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȋȘțȗȗț Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȊȈș Ȋ ȊȐ-
Ȍț ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ șȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȔ Ȕȣșț ǷȖȌȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȔ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖȚȖȑ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȋȣ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ǪȈȔ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌ
ȕȈȉȘȍȓ Ȋ ȚțȕȌȘȍ ȕȈ ȓȖȗȈȘȧ ȊȍȏȠȍȋȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȌȓȧ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ șȗȘȈȊȒț Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȔ
ȔȈȘȠȘțȚȍ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȧȏȈȕ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȔ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȒȈ ȐșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ șȊȍȘȝ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȈș ȕȈ
ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȧȝ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȐ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȔ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ
ȗȖȌ ȓȈȊȐȕȖȑ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ǴȖȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȕȈ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ ȈȊȈȘȐȐ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȈȥȘȖ-șȈȕȍȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȕȈȉȘȍȓ
ȕȈ ȊȈș ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȊȈș ț șȍȉȧ ȌȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȋ
ǨȕȋȓȐȦ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȏȈȓȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ț Ȓ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤ ȊȈș Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȍ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ șȖȟȓȐ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȣȔ ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
— Ǩ ȓȖȗȈȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȝȈȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ"
— ǭȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȍȎȈȓ
— ǭȡȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ©ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑª ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȕȈ Ȕȣșȍ ǷȖȌȓȍȌȕȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ"
— Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȈȊȒȐ ȐȔ ȔȍȌȐȒȈȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȍ ȖȉȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȑ
ȗȖȠȓȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
— ǵț ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǼȈȑȕț ȒȓȖȟȖȒ ȐȏȔȧȚȖȑ ȖȉȍȘȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȘȣȎȐȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȒȈȘȈȒțȓȐ
©Ǫȣ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ șȍȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟț-
ȎȖȍ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȍȚț ȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȔ Ȉ ȒȖȓȐ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȕȈȔ
ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȐȓȐ ț ȗȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȓȖșȖȒ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ țȗȈȌȍȚ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
ȎȐȊȤȍȔ șȕȐȔȍȔ ȒȖȎț ȖșȖȉȖ șȊȍȘȝ ȕȖȘȔȣ
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ǪȈȓȧȕȖȒ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤª
— ȇ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȔȐȘȐȍ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ
ȊȣȌȈȟȐ ȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȕȍȕȧ ǻȋȘȖ-
ȎȈȦȚ ȍȡȍ ȝțȌȠȍȑ țȟȈșȚȤȦ ȖȚȘȧȌț

195
ǪȈȓȍȕȖȒ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȓȦȕțȓ
— ǵț ȋȌȍ ȐȔ țȑȚȐȚȤ ȕȍ țȑȌțȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȝȓȣȑ
ǼȈȑȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ ș ȉȖȧ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈșȕȣȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
— ǵț — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǪȈȓȍȕȖȒ — ȘȈȏȐ ȕȈș ȖȚ ȥȜȚȖȋȖ țȌȍȘȎȐȠȤ" Ǫșȍȝ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ
ȐȏȘȍȎȍȔ ǶȌȐȕ ȟȖȘȚ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈȌȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗȉ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȌȈȟȐ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ
ǪȈȓȍȕȖȒ ȗȖȟȍșȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȔ ǵț țȎ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖ-ȕȈȗȍȘȊȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȕȈȔ Ȋȣ-
ȌȈȌțȚ Ȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȌțȚ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏ ǶȗȖșȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȧȚ
Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȖȘțȌȐȍ Ȑ ȖȔțȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǩȍȏ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȕȣ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȖȔțȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȚȖȎȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȖȉȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ǹȈȔȐ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȗȖȘȚȒȈȝ ȗțșȚȤ
ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȍ ȧȔȣ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȣșȒȖȔ
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȧȔȈȝ ȉȍȏ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȉțȌțȚ — ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ
— ȅȚȖ țȎȍ Ȑȝȕȧȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ — ȒȘȐȊȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ǪȈȓȍȕȖȒ — ǬȈ Țȣ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ
ȔȐȓȣȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘț ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȘȚȈȑșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȤ ȟțȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȏȈȝȖȚȧȚ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȘȐ ȉȓȈȋȐȔ ȔȈȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȚȐȔ ȊȍȌȤ ȚțȚ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȕȐȔșȧ ȏȈ șȕȍȋȖȔ
ǳȍȌ ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ȚȘȍșȒȈȓșȧ ǵȖ ȗȖ șȒȈȓȈȔ ȖȚȊȍșȕȣȔ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȔ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȘțȌȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȓȍ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȍ
ȚȖ șȍȚȐ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȔȖȟȐȓȐ ǷȖ ȕȐȔ ȉȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ
Ȑȏ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȖ
— ǵț ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȏȈȓȐȊ ȟȐșȚȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ
ȀȓȐ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȚȢȍȏȌț
ǵȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȊȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȚȘȧșșȧ
— ǬȈ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȟȚȖȑ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ-ȚȖ ȓȍȌ ȕȍ ȗțȡȈȍȚ ǵȍțȎȚȖ ȐȘȖȌȖȊȖ ȗȓȍȔȧ
ȓȍȌ ȗȍȘȍȕȧȓȐ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ Ȑȏ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ șȗȓȈȊȈ
ǳȤȌȐȕȣ ȕȈșȍȌȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȘȍȚȤ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚȖ ȓȤȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȖȌȕț ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕțȦ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȧȡțȦ ȓȍȌȧȕțȦ ȗȘȖȉȒț ǳȍȌȧȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș
ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȔ
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȘȊȈȓ Ȑ ȔȍȚȈȓ ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ǼȈȑȕȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ
ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȟȈșȚȤ ȖȘțȎȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ǵȖ ǼȈȑȕ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȌȍȕȤ ǽȖȏȧȐȕ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡț Ȑ ȖȘȈȓ
— ǭȌțȚ ȍȌțȚ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȖȊȕȣȑ șȒȘȐȗ șȈȕȍȑ șȊȐșȚ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȠțȔ
ǼȈȑȕȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚȍȘȖȔ ǼȈȑȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǯȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȝ ǵȖ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȠȓȖ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȖ

ǷȘȧȔȖ ș șȈȕȍȑ ȈȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ șȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ
— ǵȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ
— ǵȍ ȕȈ ȟțȎȖȍ ȕȍȉȖșȤ ȍȌȍȔ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȈ ȠȓȈ șȗȓȖȠȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ Ǫ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȐșȝȖȌ ȉȖȧ
ȉȣȓ ȘȍȠȍȕ
ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȋ Ȋȍȟȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȋȈȝ ȊȣȔȈȕȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ ȘȖȔȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ șȒțȌȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ șȍȉȍ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȚȍȘ-
ȏȈȕ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ
 ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȏȈȓȖȎȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȚȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ș ȔȖȘȧ ȐȓȐ ș șțȠȐ
ǼȈȑȕ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌ-
șȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȔțȕț ǵȈȌ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȊȣȒȐȕțȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ ǬȕȍȔ ȗȖȏȎȍ
Ȋ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ șȈȕȧȝ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ǼȈȑȕ țȍ-
ȝȈȓ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȗȖ ȔȍșȚȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ

197
ǸǾǮǿǸǼǷ ǽǮȃǻǳȀ
ǺȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȐȦȕȤ ȔȍșȧȞ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȉțȌȍȚ
ǰȦȕȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ
ǷȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ țȎȍ ǬȖȘȈ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȍ ȋȘȣȏȓȈ șțȝȈ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȈȝ ȚȍȘȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȒȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ
Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒț ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȖȗȘȖșȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȔȈ
ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȈ
— ǵȐ ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȐ ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ
Ȋȣ — ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ
— ǿȍȑ ȖȗȐțȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ
— ǹȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȍȑ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȞȍȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȖȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȍ ȊȖȚ
— ǲ șȚȍȕȒȍ șȚȈȕȍȚȍ
ǹȓȍȏȣ
ǶȉȣșȒ ȕȈ ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȑ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ǺȈȔ ȎȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȔȈȝȘȖȊȣȍ șȗȍȒțȓȧȕȚȣ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȜȘȈȏȣ șȌȍȓȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȌȒȖȑ
— Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ȚȖ ǷȈȔȐȘ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ǰ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ǺȖȟȕȖȔ șȚȈȊȐȓșȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȑ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ǫșȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȗțȚȈȕȣ ǷȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȒȍ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈȓ
— ǼȈȑȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ
ǪȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ
— ǼȈȑȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǼȈȑȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȐȓ țȎȍ ȟȈȑ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
Ǻ Ȑ ș ȕȈȉȐȚȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǫȖȓȖș ȔȐȟȔȈȕȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȧȌȈ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȧȌȈ ǷȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȈȌȘȍșȖȟȒȐ"
— ǪȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ǨȌȘȍș ǳȐȕȍȍȊȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȝ țȟȈșȚȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǬȊȈ ȈȌȘȍșȈ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȧ ǨȌȘȍș ǵ țȏțȘȗȈȚȖȘȈ ȐȓȐ
șȚȘȍȔȧȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ țȏțȘȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȈȌȘȍș ǵȈȚȈȓȤȐ
ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȕȣ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȒȘțȚȐȚ ȊșȍȔȐ ȐȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍȕȐȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȔȈȘȚȈ

198
țȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȓȐ
— Ǩ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ țșȚȈȘȍȓȐ ȓȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȈȌȘȍșȈ"
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȘȍȓȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȣșȒȖȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȋ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ ȍȡȍ
țȍȝȈȓ ȎȐȓ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ ǵȈȚȈȓȤȧ ǪȓȈȌȐ-
ȔȐȘȖȊȕȈ ǩȈȘȖȕ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȒȈșȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǸȐȋț
ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȗȘȖȗțșȒ ȖȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȍȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț ǷȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȍȘșȐȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ǵ ȖșȖȉȕȧȟȖȒ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȍȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ǨȘȉȈȚȖȔ ȀȚȈȉ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ" ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȖșȖȉȕȧȟȒț ș
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ
Ǫ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȚȤȔȈ ǯȈȔȖȒ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ
ǹȖșȍȌȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ
— ǻȍȝȈȓȐ ǷȍȘȍȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓȐ
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ"
— ǺȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǾȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȌȍȉȖȠ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖ ǴȍȉȍȓȤ
ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ǷȖȌ țȚȘȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ țșȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȓȐ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓȐ
— ǲȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ"
— ǬȈȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȈ ǶȌȐȕ Ȋ ȌȣȔȟȈȚȖȔ ȗȍȕșȕȥ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ-ȚȖ
ǷȍȘȍȗȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐ" ǰȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȍ"
ǼȈȑȕ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȘȠȖȒ Ȋ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǴȍȉȍȓȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕț-
ȚȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈȧ ȗȖșțȌȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȐ
ǵȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȠȓȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ Ȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȈȧ ǴȍȎȌț ȉȈȘȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ǵ Ǫ șțȡ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȏȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ Ȑ șȖȦȏȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȞȐȍȑ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ țȟȈ-
șȚȖȒ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȘȖȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǼȈȑȕ
ǲȚȖ Ȏȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ" ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȟȤȧ ǵȍȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ
țȟȈșȚȒȍ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȗȐȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ șȒȖȘȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȚȍȓȖ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚȈ ǵ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȏȈȌțȠȍȕ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȚȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȚ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȍȑșȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǵȖ ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ" ǰ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ" ǶȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ
ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȎȐȓ ǷȖȌ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ȕȈȠȓȐ țȗȈȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ șȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
©ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
ǳȤȌȐȕȣ șȓȖȔȈȓȐșȤ șȕȍȋ șȚȈȧȓ ȓȖȔȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȔȈȓȣȍ ȅȚȐȝ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȊȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ǵȍȚ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȖȗȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ — ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȚȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ Ȗș-

199
ȚȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȘȈȊȣ ǷȖȟȍȔț" ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȉȈȘȖȕȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȊȈș Ȑ șȈȔ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȗȖșȚț-
ȗȐȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Țȣ-
șȧȟț ȘȈȏ țȊȍȘȧȦ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȏȈ ȊȈȠȍȑ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ǩ ȥȚȖ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȕȍșȍȚ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȘ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȊȈș ȎȌț ǲȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ
țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȖ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǰ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚ-
ȘȈ ȅȚȖ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȎȌț ǶȌȐȕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȚȈ ȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȌȈ ȕȈ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ǿȖȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȧ ǬȘȈȊȍȘȚ ǹȐȓȐȕ ǫȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘțȍȚȍ Ȋȣ
ȕȈș ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȋȣ ȥȚȈȒȖȍ"
ǵ
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊț ȕȈȠȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ -ȋȖ ȐȦ-
ȕȧ ǵª
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȘȈșȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ǻ
— ǷȘȍȌȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȈȒȚ ȌȘȈȔȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǼȈȑȕ — Ǫȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ
ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈ Ȕȣșȍ ǷȖȌȓȍȌȕȖȔ ǲȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȉȈȉȈ ȊȍȘȚȐȚ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȓȐȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ©ǶȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȚȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȓțȟȠȍȍª ȅȚȈ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ș ȍȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȋ țȋȓț
ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȈ ©ȟȐȚ Vª ǲȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȔȍȚȖȌȐȟȍș-
ȒțȦ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȉțȔȈȎȒȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȒț ©ȟȐȚȈȓȈ  ȔȈȧª ǲȈȒ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȗȐșȈȓȈ ©ȌȍȓȖ ȹª ǶȕȐ Ȋșȍ șȖȠȓȐ ș țȔȈ ȅȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ  ȐȦȕȧ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕȖ Ǫ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ț
ȕȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ
ǬȕȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȔȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȈȘȍșȚȈ ȒȈȌȍȚȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ȘȈș-
ȒȘȣȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȈȧșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȔ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ©ǹȖȦȏȈ ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧª
Ǫ ȥȚȐ Ȏȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȖȚ Ƿȍȕȏȣ ȌȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȝȖ-șȓȖȊȈȒȖȊ ǯȈ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȧȔȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ
ȥȗȐȏȖȌ ș ǴțȘȔȈȕȖȔ-ǷȈȔȐȘȖȔ Ǫșȍ șȐȓȣ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ ȕȈ
ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ©ǹȖȦȏȖȔ ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧª ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȗȖ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȐ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȌȕț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȚȘțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț
3-ȍ ȐȦȕȧ
Ǹ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ǲȘȍȔȓȧ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ
— ȇ ȏȈȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǲȘȍȔȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȔȖȕȚȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǰ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ț șȈȔȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȈ-

200
ȘȍȕȤ ȗȘȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȔȈȎȍȚ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȇ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȍȋȓȈșȕȖ ȊșȍȔ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȈȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ǲȘȍȔȓȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ǷȖȌȝȖȎț ȧ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȈȘȕȦ — Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ
ȚțȚ ȔȈȎȍȠȤ" — ǹȚȍȕȒȐ — ǬȈ ȒȚȖ Țȍȉȧ șȦȌȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ" — ǲȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚ ǯȈ-
ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȧ Ȋ ȊȍȌȍȘȒȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ǿȚȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȒȈ ǲȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚ — Ǫȣ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȓȐ" — ǰ
ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȊȐȎț — ȅȚȖȚ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȕȐȔȈȓ" — ǬȘț-
ȋȖȑ ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȑȝ ȗȓȈȕ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȓȐȗȖȊȣȍ ȏȈȊȝȖȏȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ Șȍ-
ȔȖȕȚ Ȑ șȚȈȊȧȚ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȍșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȕȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǷȈȘȍȕȤ Ȏȍ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȔȈȎȍȚ ǶȉȝȖȎț Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȑ ǲȘȍȔ-
ȓȧ Ȑ ȕȈȚȣȒȈȦșȤ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȎȐȍ ȗȖȒȘȈșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȓȒȐ ȕȍȐȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǪșȦȌț ȉȍȘț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȘȈșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȣ-
ȓȈȦ ȕȈ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȒȐ Ȑȏ ȊȍȌȍȘȒȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȧȘȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȍ ǴȟțșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȖȜ Ƿ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȒȘțȗȕȖȔț ȝȐȔȐȒț Ǫ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȈ ȗȘȖȠț ț ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊ,
ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȌȈșȚ șȖș-
ȚȈȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȉȍȏȊȘȍȌȐȚȤ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȝȈȓ șȦȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȏȈ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȣȔ ȔȈȓȧȘȖȔ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȋșȍ
ȔȈȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤ Ǩ ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ǷȖȒȈȔȍșȚ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȈȦ
Ȋ ǲȘȍȔȓȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǯȘȧ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȖ -ȋȖ"
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ǻ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ǻ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȕȈșȔȖȘȒ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ǰȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȚȧȕȍȚ"
ǯȈȒȘȖȑȚȍ-ȒȈ ȖȒȕȖ
ǶȒȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐ Ǻ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǼȈȑȕȈ
— ǵȍ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ"
— ǹȓȣȠț
— ǬȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȗȖȗȈȝȐȊȈȍȚ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ — ǷȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȓȈȏȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȠȒȈȜȣ ȏȈ ȠȒȈȜȣ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȓȣȠț"
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ș ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȓȈ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȖȘȚ"
ǷȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ șȚȖȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȒȖȑ
— ǲȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ"
Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ țȋȖȓ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ Ǫ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȚȖȎȍ
— ǶȉȘȈȚȐȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȏȈȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȚȖ șȊȧȏȤ ǲȈȒ ȔȍȎȌț ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț

201
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȒțșȖȒ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǳțȉȧȕȒȐ Ȑ ǲȘȍȔȓȧ ǬȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȒȘȈșȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȖ ȒȘțȎȐȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȐȝ
— ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȥȚȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ"
ȼ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɟ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɭɝɨɥ ɜɵɦɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɤɨɣ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǵȈ țȓȐ-
ȞȈȝ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ țȎȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȔȈȓȧȘȖȊ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȐȓȍȚ
ȗȘȖȜșȖȦȏȈ ȒțȌȈ ȐȌȍȚ"
ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȖșȚȘȧȓȖșȤ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ©ǪȣȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǸȧȏȈȕȐ
Ȋȍȏț șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒª

ǮȌȈȓȐ ǭȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȓȐ ȗȖȍȏȌ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ș ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǵȍ-
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ Ǫ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ǹ Ǻ ǼȈȑȕ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ ǩțȘțȕ-
ȌțȒȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ǭȡȍ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȗțșȚȖȑ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ǩț-
ȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǯȊȖȕȐȓȐ ǪȣȏȣȊȈȓȐ ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ
șȓȍȌȖȊ
ǿȈșȣ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ǫȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ țȟ-
ȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ȗȉ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȅȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ǮȌȈȓȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ țȚȘȖ -ȋȖ ȐȦȕȧ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ǿȈșȣ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ǷȈȝȓȖ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ

204
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȒȈȟțȡȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ș ȖȚȒȖșȈ Ǫ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȖȚȒȖșȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȍȏȌț șȒȈȒȈȓȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈ ǺȈȒ
ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȐșȚȣ ȥȒșȞȍȕȚȘȐȒȐ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȧ ȒȘțȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȍ ȕȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȦȚșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȐ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘț ǪșȈȌȕȐȒ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȧȏȈȓ ȐȔ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǪȣșȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑȏ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ
ǪșȈȌȕȐȒ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȍȓȤșȣ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȒȖȕȤȒȍ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȌȎȐȋȐȚȖȊ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȐȓ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȒțȦ ȗȍșȟȈȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț ȕȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ
ș ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȕȈșȣȗȐ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȒȈȘȈȉȐȕȈ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȍ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓȈ
ȗȖȍȏȌ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȊȕȧȓȈșȤ ș ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȔ ǵȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘ-
ȒȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȒ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒț ǰȏ Ȓțș-
ȚȖȊ ȗțȓȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȠȓȍȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ
ǴȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȓ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȗȘȣ-
ȎȒȖȔ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ǳȖȠȈȌȤ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ
— ǷȘȣȋȈȑ ȈȚȈ ȗȘȣȋȈȑ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǲȐȘȋȐȏ ȗȖȘȈȊȕȧȓșȧ ș ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȖȑ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ǳȖȠȈȌȤ șȒȈȒȈȓȈ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȘȈȏȔȍȘȧȧ ȝȖȌ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȤȒȈȝ
ǳȖȠȈȌȐ șȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ǬȊȍȘȞȣ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐșȤ ǪȍșȤ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȊȣșȚ-
ȘȍȓȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǯȈȊȣȓ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȗȖȍȏȌ
ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȊȕȐȏ șȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȦȡȍȑ
șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ
ǬȎȐȋȐȚȣ șȋȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȖșȚȍȘȊȍȕȍȕȐȐ șȒȈ-
ȒȈȓȐ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ǵȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȖȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ țȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ǲȖȒȈȕȌȈ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ǼȍȘȋȈȕșȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚșȒțȦ,
șȒȈȒȈȓ țȏȉȍȒ Ȋ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȈȓȔȍ ǳȐȞȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ
ǪȣȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȘȧȔȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ǶȌȍȎȌȈ Ȑ șȍȌȓȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ țȒȘȈȠȍ-
ȕȣǫȖȘȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȑȏ ǼȍȘȋȈȕȣ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȘȦȒ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȑ ȟȈș ȒȐȠȓȈȒȐ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊșȈȌȕȐȒț ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȣȔȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȎȈȘȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȕȐ
ȊȍșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǸȈȔȈȏȈȕȈ ȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȏȈȘȐ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȌȖ -ȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȖ-
ȟȐ ©ǺȖȔȈȠȈª — țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȤȦȚ ȕȍțȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȍȌȧȚ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȧȚșȧ
ǪșȈȌȕȐȒȈ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȞȣ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ș ȗȓȖșȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȘȖȏ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ș ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȖȏȖȑ ȏȈ țȝȖȔ
ǷȘȖȌȈȊȞȣ ȟȐȓȐȔȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȚȤ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȓȓțȉ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȘȍȌȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȉȈȒȈ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȈȕȈȠȐ

205
ǵȖ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȖȓȗț Ȑ șȒȈȒȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǯȈ
ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ Ȋșȍ șȚȐȝȓȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
șȚȈȓȐ ȔȍȘȒȕțȚȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ț ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȖȑ ȔȍȎȌț șȒȈȓ
ǲȖȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȒȐȠȓȈȒȈȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ țȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ
— ǲțȌȈ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ"
ǶȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȎȍșȚȒȐȔȐ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȚȘȐ ȐȓȐ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȒȖȕȧ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȒȓȖȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȏȈȒȈȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȣȑ
ȋȐȘȋȐȒ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȉȓȈȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȕșȒțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ ȘȣșȞȖȑ
ǯȈȘȧ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȉȘȍȊȍȕȟȈȚȖȔț ȔȖșȚȐȒț
ȟȍȘȍȏ CȈȓȈȘ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȟȈȓȖ ȌȣȔȐȓȖ ȟȈȍȔ ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȖ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȈȝțȟȐȝ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȈȉȘȐȒȖșȖȊ ȗȍȘșȐȒȖȊ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐȝ ș ȓȖȚȒȖȊ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȊȐȠȍȕ Ȑ ȘȖȏ
— ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ
ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌȣȔȕȖȑ ȟȈȑ-ȝȈȕȍ ȖȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȐȑ ȘȖșȚ ȔȍȌȕȖȋȖ
șȈȔȖȊȈȘȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗțȏȈȚȣȑ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȏȉȍȒ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȐȒȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȜȣȘȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ
— ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȖȔȈȠȐ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ
— ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȓȐ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ȑȏ ǨȕȌȐȎȈȕȈ"
— ȅȚȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȧ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ǲȖȒȈȕȌȖȔȈȚț ȠȍȓȒ Ȑ Ȑȏ ǲȈȔȐȏȈȘȈ ȚȊȍȘȌțȦ ȈȕȈȠț
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ǩ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț"
— ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț țȠȍȓ ȍȡȍ țȚȘȖȔ ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȐȌȍȚ ȔȈ-
ȓȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȑ
— ǷȖȠȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Țȣ ȉȣȓ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗțșȚȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț ȕȈȌȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ǷȖȕȧȓ"
— ǷȖȕȧȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ
ǪȏȌȣȔȈȧ ȓȍȋȒțȦ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕțȦ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȖȗȣȚ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȍȏȈȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ Ȋ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕ ǿȈȚȈȒȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȚȖȔȈȠȈ ȋțȌȍȓȈ ȊȖȊșȦ ǬȍȘȊȐȠ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȡȍȗȖȚȒț șȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȊ Ȋ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ ǺȖȚ
ȗȘȖȉțȘȟȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȍȏ șȍȚȖȒ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȖ ȏȈȒțȚȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ț
ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȠȓȈ ȚȖȔȈȠȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȊȖȑȚȐ
Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȔȍȓȐ ǹȊȍȘȕțȊ Ȋ țȏȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ Ȑȏ ȋȈȔȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȈ șȘȈȏț
ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȓțȕȣ ȌțȝȖȚȣ ȉțȘȤȧȕȈ Ȑ ȗȣȓȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȚț-
ȟȈȓșȧ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȐȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ǪșȈȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȗȖȚȖȗ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȓțȕȍ ȌȊȖȘȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȎȍȕȈ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎȐ

206
ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȗȈȘȈȕȌȎț ȕȍ șȔȍȓȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȖșȖ-
ȉȖ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȧȚȣȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ
— ǲȈȒ ȍȏȌȐȓȖșȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ"
— ǲ Ȍȍȓț Ȓ Ȍȍȓț ǴțȓȈȕȐȔȈȚ ǵȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȉ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǹȚȍȗȕȖȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ"
— ǹȚȍȗȕȖȑ" ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ"
— ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȅȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȌȍȚ ȖȚ ȈțȓȈ Ȓ Ȉțȓț ȊȈȎȕȈȧ ȊȍșȚȤ ǲȐȘȋȐȏ șȒȈ-
ȟȍȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȌȖ ȈțȓȈ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ țȎȍ Ȉ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ șȈȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕțȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ șȒȈȟȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ-
ȝȖȌȧȚ ȊȍșȚȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ Ȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ
— ǯȕȈȦ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș țȍȏȎȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț Ǫ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ ǿȍȒȈ ȍȌȍȚ șȈȔȣȑ
ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ǷȖșȣȓȈȑ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ǴțȓȈȕȐȔȈȚ Ȋ șȚȍȗȤ
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȇ ȗȖȠȓȦ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȎȈȚ ț ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȓȖȝȈȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ
ǪșȈȌȕȐȒ șȕȖȊȈ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧ ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ țȏȉȍȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȖșȍȌȓȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȖȔ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ șȚȍȗȐ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖȦȡȐȔȐ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧȔȐ ǵȈ ȒȘȣȠȈȝ Ȕȍȟȍ-
Țȍȑ ȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȍ ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȣ ǷȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǺȖȔȈȠȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚ-
șȧ ǴȐȘȕȣȔȐ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ Ȕțȓȓȣ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȦȚ ȏȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ȖȚ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȝ ǹȗȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȗȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǪșȈȌȕȐȒ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ șȚȈȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ƕȕ ȍȝȈȓ ȕȍ
șȗȍȠȈ țȘȖȕȐȊ ȗȖȊȖȌȤȧ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȤȍ ǯȈȕȋȐ-ǨȚȈ ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȑ,
ȚȍȕȐ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖ-ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȘȧȉȤ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ șȖȕȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȘȈșȚȘȍșȒȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȚ
ȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȖȧ ȌțȠȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ
ǹȚȍȗȤ Ȏȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȈȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȔțȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȓȐȚȈ ș ȊȣȋȘȈȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ
ȕȍȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȐȕȒȈ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ǲȈȒ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ
ȒȖȠȒȈ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȧșȈ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȝ ȔȈȒȈȝ ș ȝȖȓȔȈ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔ ȕȈ ȘȈș-
ȗȓȈșȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȕȍȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȍ ȠțȘȠȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ ȕȍ-
șȓȣȠȐȔȣȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȘȐ ȧșȕȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȚțȟȒȐ ȕȍȉȍ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȓțȉȧȡȍȔșȧ ȓțȕȕȖ-
ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȔ ȝȈȖșȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
ǬȈȓȤ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ șȍȘȖȑ ǻ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȕȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ©ǺțȘȒȍ-
șȚȈȕª ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȕȈ ǨțȓȐ-ǨȚȈ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚ ǶȘȍȕ-
ȉțȘȋ-ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚșȒȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȍ ȗȍșȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ șȖȕȕȣȝ ȓȍ-
ȕȐȊȣȝ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ ǮȌȈȓȐ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȓȐ șȗȈȓȐ ǵȖ ȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓȍ-
ȕȐȊȖ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔț
ǵȍȧșȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȕȈ
șȣȘȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȍșȖȒ ǶȒțȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ ț șȚȈȕȞȐȐ șȗȧȡȐȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȟȈșȣ șȖȕȕȣȑ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ

— ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ ȗȖȕȈȗȍȘȓȖ" ǲȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘ
ǲȘȈȌțȟȐșȤ ȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȚȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȈȋȖȕȈȔȐ Ȋȣȓȍ-
ȏȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȖȒ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȣ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȑ ȊȈȋȖȕ Ȑ șȖșȍȌȕȐȑ
ȠȚȈȉȕȖȑ.
ǯȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ șȗȧȡȐȝ ȠțȠțȒȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ǲȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘȈ ȚȖȓ-
ȒȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȣ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȐșȤ ǵȖ ȋȌȍ ȋȌȍ" ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȈȓȐ
— ǿȍȋȖ ȐȡȍȚȍ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ"
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȣȑ țȏȉȍȒ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ
ǶȕȐ ȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— ǼȈȑȏȐȝȖȌȎȈ Țȣ ȚțȚ ȍȌȍȠȤ ǫȌȍ ǿȍȒȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚțȚ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ
ǻȏȉȍȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ
— ǰȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ" ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ ȐȡȍȚȍ" ǬȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐ-
șȒȈȒȈȓȐ" ǻșȚȈȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȖ" ǽȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ
— ǬȈ Țȣ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȍȠȤșȧ"
— ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ǿȍȒȈ ǯȕȈȦ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ǵț ȚȈȒ ȊȖȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ
ȕȖȟȤ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȗȤ
— ǵț ȕț — ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ
— ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓȍȚȍȓ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș țȎȍ Ȋ ǷȍȘȖȊșȒȍ ȚȈȔ șȈȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ șȒȖȘȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȟȍȘȈ țȚȘȖȔ țȠȍȓ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȓȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȍȚȍ
ǸȈȏȌȖșȈȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȒȖȕȜțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȣ ȗȖȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȈȋȖ-
ȕȈ

208
ǮȋǾǼǽǹǮǻǼǺ — ǽǼǳǵǲǼǺ — ǹǼȆǮǲȊǺǶ —ǽǳȆǸǼǺ — ǰ
ǹǼǰȁȆǸǳ
— ǷȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǯȈȈȓȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ ǪȈȝȠ ȕȍ
ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǲȈȘȈ-ȒțȓȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȕȈ
ǷȈȔȐȘȍ ȗȖȓȕțȦ șȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒț ș ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȝȖȌț
ȗȍȘȍȔȈȝȕțȓ ȉȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȖȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȓȐ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ,
Ȑ ȟȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ Ǩ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȧ ȊșȍȋȖ-ȕȈȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȈȌ-
ȘȍșȖȒ ǵȖ Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ șȍȑȟȈș țșȚȈȓ
ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȕȈȌȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉșȚȖȐȚ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ"
ǶȒȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȖ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȋ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȗȓȖșȒȐȝ ȟȈ-
ȠȍȟȒȈȝ ȌȣȔȐȓșȧ ȟȈȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ țȘȦȒ șȐȌȍȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȍȘ-
ȒȈȝ Ȑ ȚȦȉȍȚȍȑȒȈȝ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ǺțȘȟȍȒȈ
— ǮȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȗȓȖȝȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ — ȟȍȘȍȗȈȠȤȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȘȈșȠȈ-
ȚȈȕȣ ȗȖȟȐȕȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȝțȎȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȝȖ-șȓȖȊȈȒȐ ǹȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ"
— Ǫ ȒȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȈȝ"
— ǵȈ ǪȖȓȋȍ ǭșȓȐ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ
— ǹȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ"
— Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȓ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȔț ȗȘȐȞȍȗȐȚȍșȤ"
— ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ș ȘțȒȐ ǹȒȖȘȣȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț ȊȈș ȝȖȌȐȚ"
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ țȠȍȓ
— ǴȔ« ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȍșȚȤ"
— ǭșȚȤ
— ǳȍȟț ȌȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ ǭșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ țșȚȘȖȐȔ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ǷȍȘȖȊșȒ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚȍ ȏȈ  ȟȈșȈ ȌȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȈ șȒȖȘȖȋȖ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— Ǫȣ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ" ǲȈȒȐȔȐ șțȌȤȉȈȔȐ"
ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǩȍȕȖȘ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ
ǪșȍȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȒȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊșȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ș țȋȓȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȘȣȎȍȑ ȠȈȗȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȖș
ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȣȑ ȐȋȘȖȒ Ȋ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ ȉȓȍ-
șȚȧȡȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚȖȊ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ" ǶșțȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖȝțȌȍȓȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ"
ǳȐȞȖ ǩȍȕȖȘȈ șȋȖȘȈȓȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȍȓȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȔȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȒȖ-
ȎȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ Ǫ ȗȖȚȖȒȍ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
Ȗȕ ȎȔțȘȧșȤ șȚȖȧȓ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȔȐ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȔȐ ǪȖȚ-ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȓȍȚșȧ ǵȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈȠȕȐȔȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ

209
— ǴȈȓȧȘȐȧ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ — ȚȈȦ ǩȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȓȍȊȈȚȤ ȇ Ȋ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐ-
ȘȖȊȒȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȦ
ǰ șȘȈȏț Ȓ Ȍȍȓț
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ Ǫȣ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȓȍȚȐȚȍ Ȋ ǷȍȘȖȊșȒ" ǳȍȟț ș ȊȈȔȐ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ
ǰȓȤȦȠȒȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ
— Ǫ ǷȍȘȖȊșȒ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȑȕȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚ-
șȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǪȍȌȤ ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț Ȍȍȓț Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ǳțȟȠȍ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȈȔ ȚȈȡȐȚȤșȧ
— ȇ ȉțȌț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȠȓȐ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȑȏ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ
Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț Ȉ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȠȓȐȚȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȘȖȟȕȍȑȠȐȝ șȚȘȖȒ
— Ǩ Ȋ ǹȈȔȈȘȍ ȌȈ Ƿȍȕȏȍ ș ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈȔȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȘȧșȍȚșȧ" ǹȊȧȏȤ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȍșȚȤ ȕȖ
— ǩȍȑȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȘȈȌȐȖ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȓȖȟȒȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ǹȍȓȐ Ȋ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȒȓțȉȒȖȔ ǩȍȕȖȘ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȒțȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ
ȓȖȊȐȓ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȘțȒț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊț ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȉȖȓ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ǳțȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȠȓȍȔȍ Ȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ ȈȊȐȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȚȖ ȓȉȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȖȚȍ ǪȕȐȏț ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȉȍșȒȘȈȑȕȈȧ șȚȍȗȤ
ȉȍȎȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȒȈȞȒȖȔ șȚȈȕȒȍ
ǷȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȗȍșȒȐ șȚȍȗȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȣ Ȋ ȕȐȏȖȊȤȧȝ ǹȣȘ-
ǬȈȘȤȐ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȐȓȖȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȖȑ șȒȖ-
Șȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȔ ǶȉȖȋȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ȏȈșȚȖȗȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ǷȍȘȖȊșȒȍ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȏȈȕȧȓ Ȓțȗȥ Ȋ șȓțȎȍȉȕȖȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǹȖșȍȌȕȍȍ Ȓțȗȥ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ș ȕȈȠȐȊȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǬȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȌȖ -ȋȖ Ǫ ǹȈȔȈȘȍ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȘȧȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȏȈ
ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ" — ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȐȒș ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ȎȌȈȓ
10-ȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
Ǫ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕț ǵȖ ȕȍ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ șȣȗȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȉȣ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ șȒȖȘȖȋȖ
— ǵȍȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȖȚ ȒȐȚȈȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȈȌȣȒ-ǬȎȈȕ — ǫȓȈȏ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȓȖȝȖȑ

210
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ
ǷȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ǨȘȈȓȤșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȍ ȉȈȘȝȈȕȣ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ǴțȝȖȌȎȈȘȈȔ ǯȌȍșȤ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȢȍȏ-
Ȍȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț Ȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȓȖȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȘȈșșȊȍȚț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȐȘȋȐȏ
șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ș ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤșȧ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȗț-
șȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ©ǩȍȘ-ǫȖȋțȘª
ǹȈȌȣȒ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
— ǩȍȘ-ǫȖȋțȘ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ" ǹȚȖȑ-ȒȈ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȗțȚȍȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ
— ǹȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȖȊ ȕȈ ǴțȝȖȌȎȈȘșȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȍ Ȋ ȗțș-
ȚȣȕȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
ǯȈȋȓȧȕțȓȐ Ȋ Ȓțȗȥ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȖ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ȕȖ ȗțșȚȖ ǶȒȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȖ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȗȕ țȌȘȈȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ" ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍ
ǩȍȘ-ǫȖȋțȘ
ǲȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒț
— ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȘȖȌȧȚ ȉȈȕ-
Ȍȣ ǪȣȏȖȊȍȔ ȉȘȖȕȍȊȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȍȌȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȒȍ
ǩȘȖȕȍȊȐȒ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ȏȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ Ǫ ȉȈȋȈȎȕȖȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ
ǪȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǴțȝȖȌȎȈȘȣ ǹ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȋȖȘțȠȒȐ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǷȖȍȏȌ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓșȧ ȋȘȍȔțȟȍȑ ȏȔȍȍȑ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȖ-
ȠȓȖ ǵȖ Ȋ ȘȍȌȒȖȔ șȚȘțȧȡȍȔșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȊȣșȖȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȏȒȖ Ȑ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȗțȚȈȕȖ ǹȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȍ ȉȐȓ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚțȚ ȚȈȔ Ǫșȍ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǻ ǩȍȘ-ǫȖȋțȘȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ șȊȐșȚȒȐ ǸȍȓȤșȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȕȣ
ǷȖȍȏȌ șȚȈȓ ǴȍȎȌț șȒȈȓȈȔȐ șȒȈȒȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǰȝ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȔ ǷȖȌșȒȖȟȐȊȠȐȑ ȉȘȖȕȍȊȐȒ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȘțȋȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȕȈ-
ȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ǫ șȚȍȗȤ Ȑ ȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȣ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȓȍȋȒȐȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ǹȚȍȒȓȈ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓȐ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ.
ǩȈȕȌȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
— ǿțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȍȞ Ȋ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ©ȗȖȌȓȍȞª ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ
ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ șȓțȎȍȉȕȖȔț ȊȈȋȖȕț ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ
ǪȗȐȘȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ
ǵȈ ȏȈȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ șȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȚȍȕȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȉȍ-

211
ȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȐ ȧșȕȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȌ
ȖȒȕȖȔ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ" ǰ ȒȚȖ ȖȕȐ" ǽȈȕȣȔȞȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȖȕȦȝȈȚȤ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȖȚȢȍȏ-
Ȍȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȍȝȈȚȤ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ"
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȥȚȐ ȠțȚȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ǲțȗȥ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑȞȈ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȖȟȐ-
șȚȐȓȐ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȊțȝ ȒȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑȞȍȊ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌ-
ȒȈȝ ǹȚȈȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ
ǯȈȚȖ șȓțȝȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ǪȖșșȚȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȏȈȒȖȊ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȝȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȍȘȤȍȏȕȍȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐ-
ȘȈǬȖ ǶȘȍȕȉțȘȋȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȍ ȌȖȍȝȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ șȚȍȗȤ ǷȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȗȈșȓȈ Ȑȝ ǯȈ ǶȘȍȕȉțȘȋȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȍȏȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȒȈȏȈȟȤȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȐȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ
șȗȐȘȚ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȓșȧ Ǫ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ǩțȏțȓțȒȈ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȒȐȘ-
ȋȐȏșȒȖȑ ȈȘȉȍ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȖ-
șȈȔȐ ǬȍȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȓ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ǯȈȊȧȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȈ ǪȣȘțȟȐȓ ȒȈȏȈȟȐȑ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌ ȗȖșȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȖȊ ȏȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ
ǶȗȧȚȤ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȍȏȌ șȝȖȌȐȓȐ ș ȘȍȓȤș ȠȓȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈ-
Ȍȧȝ
ǷȖȌȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȐ ǹȈȔȈȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ ǲȘȈș-
ȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȑ ȕȈȌ ǲȖȔȐȚȍȚȖȔ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ țȟȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ǶȜȐȞȍȘȕȧ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ — ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȕȧȚȐȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȞȒȐȔª
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȖȓȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐșȤ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
ǷȖȌ ǹȣȏȘȈȕȤȦ șȍȓȐ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ǵȖ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȐȑ
ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȉȖșȖȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ǭȋȖ
ȊȏȧȓȐ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȘȧȚȈȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋȓȧȌȧ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ-
ȓȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ǹȣȏȘȈȕȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǩțȘțȕȌȒț ȊȣȘț-
ȋȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȧȏȣȒ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ țȌȘȈȓ ǵȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ș ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȔ Ȏȍ ȟȍȠșȒȐȔ ȗȈȚȘțȓȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊȠȐȑ ȊȍȓȖșȐ-
ȗȍȌȐșȚ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȈȚȘțȓȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȌȕȧ ǹȗȈșȓȐ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
Țȣ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȊșȍȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȓ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ǫ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȍ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ Ƿȍȕȏȣ ȏȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȓȐ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȈ ȖȟțȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȧȔȍȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȈȌȧșȤ Ȋ șȈȕȐȚȈȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȜȘȖȕȚȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ HȋR Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖ ȟȤȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȚț ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ Ȋȍ-

213
ȚȍȗȓțȠȒȍ ǹȗȈȓ ȌȖ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
ǪȣȑȌȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȍȓ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕțȦ Ȗ ȊȣșȣȓȒȍ
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȣȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǯȌȘȈȊȐȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȈș ȊȈș șȚȖȐȔ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȍȔ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ǸȧȏȈȕȐ ȗȖȎȈȓȚȍ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ǹ
ȊȈș ȎȌțȚ
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ — ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȍȓ Ȋ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț
ș ȒȖȕțșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȏȈȌȖȔ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ǫ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȐȓ ȒȖșȖȑ
Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ǷȖȌ-
ȓȍȚȈȧ Ȓ ǲȘȈșȕȣȔ ǪȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈ ȚȈȒțȦ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ
ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǸȍȏȒȐȔ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǿȍȘȕȖȋȘȧȏșȒȖȑ-ǹȈȌȖȊȖȑ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ șȦȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ" — ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȓ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȚȤ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȍȋȖ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȖ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȖȘȚ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǹȈȌȣȒ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȔ Ȑșȗțȋȍ
ǽȈȖș ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȠȍșȚȐȥȚȈȎȕȣȝ șȚȍȕ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȗțȋȖȊȖȒ ȘțȠȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
— ǨȚȈ ȈȚȈ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ «ȈȚȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ǹȐȌȍȕȤȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ Ȑ
ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȖșȤ ǹȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ǹȈȌȣȒȈ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȗ ȔȖș-
ȚȖȊțȦ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ șȚȐșȕțȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȍșșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ș șȐȓȖȑ ȊȣȚȖȓȒȕțȓȖ ǩțȘțȕ-
ȌțȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ șȚțȒȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǳȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȤ
ǵȈȌ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ ș ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȘȣȎȍȑ ȠȈȗȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȖș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ǩȍȕȖ-
ȘȈǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǳțȟȠȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ-Ƿȍ-
ȘȖȊșȒ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǩȍȕȖȘ ȈȋȍȕȚ ǪșȍȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȖ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ǩȍȕȖȘȈ
— ǷȍȘȖȊșȒ-ǩȍȘ-ǫȖȋțȘ — țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ
ȖȚȘȧȌȖȊ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȋȍȕȠȚȈȉȈ ǹȦȗ-ȈȕȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȧ
— ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȒȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘ ȉȘȐȋȈȌȣ șȒȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȹ  ȕȈ țȟȈșȚȒȍ ǨȒȚȦȉȐȕșȒ-
ǶȘȍȕȉțȘȋ
— ǲȐȘȋȐȏ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȈȘȉȣ ȉȓȐȏ ǩțȏțȓțȒȈ
— ǩȖșȖȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȗȖȌ ǹȣȏȘȈȕȤȦ
— ǪȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȐșȚ
— ǸȈȕȍȕȣȑ Ȋ șȈȕȗȖȍȏȌȍ

— ǰ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ șȓțȎȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȖȚ ǸțȏȈȍȊȒȐ
— Ǫ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȏȍ ȖșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȒȓȐȟȒȈ — ǴȐȘȍș ǷȖȓȕȖȗȘȈȊȕȣȑ ȟȓȍȕ ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ țȚȘȖȔ ȊȈș ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȦ ǳțȟȠȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǷȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǰ ȊȣȠȍȓ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǹȈȌȣȒ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȟțȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȒȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȓȖȔȈȕȖȔ
ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȉȈȉȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ-
șțȘȈȏȕȖȍ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȋ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ

215
ǻǮ ǽǼǿǹǳǲǻǳǷ ǿǸǼǾǼǿȀǶ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȍ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ ǶȌȕȈ țȏȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ
ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǲȖȔȕȈȚȒȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȖȑ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏȊȣ-
ȝȖȌȕȖȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȓȍȊȈȓ ȕȖșȖȔ ǯȈșȚȘȍȓȧȚ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȧȚ ǩț-
ȘțȕȌțȒ ȌȘȍȔȈȓ ǷȘȖȉțȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȠțȔ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȖșȐȌȐȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȐȚȍ
ǹȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ țȟȍ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ƕȕ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
— ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ǫ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȍȕȖ ȘȈȌȐȖ Ȑȏ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ ș țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǵȖ Ȋ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȖȕȐ
Ȏȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈțȒȍ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȍ" ȇ ȚȈȒ țȌȖȉȕȖ țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ Ȋȣ șȓȣȠȐ-
Țȍ"
ǳȐȞȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ șȎȈȓȖșȤ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȔȖȐ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȌȈ ȌȈ ǮȈȓȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȋȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȚȈȒ
ȊȍȌȤ"
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȇ ȐȔȍȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǲȈșȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȝȐȔȐȐ
Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ" ǶȉȍȡȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ǸȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȘȧș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȚȍȘȍȉȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȕȖș
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȌȈ ǬȈ ȌȈ ȌȈ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ǲȈȒ ȊȈȠȈ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ"
— ǲȐȓȖȋȘȈȔȔȖȊ — ȉȘȧȒȕțȓ ȕȈȖȉțȔ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ț-ȖȊȈ-ȘȐȡ ǲ-ȐȓȖ-ȋȘȈȔ-ȔȖȊ — ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȈȓ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒț — ǶȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǪȈȠ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ"
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ©ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘª ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ 
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǽȐȔȐȒ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚ ǷȍȚ-
ȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǭșȓȐ ȊȈș ȕȍ țȚȖȔȐȚ"
ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȒțșȖȒ țȋȓȧ Ȑ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȚȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ǲȘțȗȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȝȐȔȐȐ ȔȖȑ
țȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǫțȋȈȍȊ
ǪȣȘȈșȚȈȓȐ ȉțȒȊȣ ȞȐȜȘȣ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȐȓȐȓșȧ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ

216
șȓȐȗȈȓȐșȤ ǿȖȘȚ ȗȖȉȍȘȐ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧȌ ȌȊȈ ȐȒș ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȈȔȈ
șȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȧȚ Ǩ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȐȔȐȒ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ ȍȔț ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȔ
ǽȐȔȐȒ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȚȘȧș ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ
șȚȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȍ șȗȐȚȍ ȕȍ șȗȐȚȍ ǷȖȑȔȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȐ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ țȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ" ǶȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ țȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ"
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ șȓȖȎȕțȦ ȗțȚȈȕȐȞț ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȘȦȟȍȒ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ șȗȈȓ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȠțȔ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ" ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǩțȘțȕ-
ȌțȒȈ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ" Ǫ țȏȒțȦ ȡȍȓȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ-ȒȈ șȦȌȈ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȌȖȉȘȣ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș șȍȑȟȈș ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȦȚ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȌȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔșȧ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ
ǰ ș ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ ȊȣȠȍȓ
— ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ț ȊȈș ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ — ȒȘȐȊȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚȖȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȑ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǶȌȐȕ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ș țȋȘȍȊȈȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵț ȟȖȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ǴȐȘȍșȈ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍȚ
— ǮȌȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒț șȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈȓȖ ǵȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔ ȌȊȖ-
Șȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǪȖȏȐȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ
— ǹȈȌȐȚȍșȤ
ǵȈ șȐȌȍȕȤȐ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȖȍ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ
— ǵț ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ Ȓ ȠȖȜȜȍȘț — ȀȗȈȘȤȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ Ȋ ǹȖȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ǺȘțȉȣ
— Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ — ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȊȈȠȈ ȉȐȚȈ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȕȍ șȖ-
șȚȖȐȚșȧ ȘȈȌȐȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ ȕȈ ǷȈȔȐȘȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȘȈȌțȍȚ
— ǲȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ
ȊȈș ȌȈȘȖȔ Ǵȣ ȊȈș ȍȡȍ ȖȉȘȈȌțȍȔ ȗțȓȍȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț — ȝȔțȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȖ-
șȍȌ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȧ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȗȣȓȐ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ǹȖȒȖȓȤȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȠȖșșȍ
— ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ — ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǷȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ șȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ ǪȌȘțȋ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ  ȏȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖ-
ȕȍȘȖȔ ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȒȘțȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ

217
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" — ȠȖȗȖȚȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ"
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȖȓȍș ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȏ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț
— ǵȈȌȖ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǺȘȖȍ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ
ȊșȚȈȓȐ ǩȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȖȚ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ
ǴȐȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
— ǯȈȖȘȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" — ȌțȔȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȍȚ ȍȔț șȏȈȌȐ Ȋȍ-
ȘȍȊȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȘțȒț ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ
ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȉȓȐȎȕȍȋȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǸțȒȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǴȐȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȔȧȓ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ ȒȖ ȓȉț ȍȋȖ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȐȋȈȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" — ǴȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ
— ȇ ȈȋȍȕȚ Ǫǿǲ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȅȚȖ — ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȖȉȈ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȗș-
ȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȠȖȜȜȍȘȈ ǶȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȣȔ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ" — ȠȖȜȜȍȘ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȘțȒț — ȇ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ ț ȚȖȊ
Ǻ ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȦ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǴȖȧ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ
— ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
— ǲȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ" Ǫȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȒȖȕșȗȐȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȊȚȍșȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȠȈȑȒț ȅȚȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ țșȗȍȝ
— Ǩ șȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȊșȦ șȊȖȘț ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ —
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ — ǿȍȘȍȏ  ȔȐȕțȚ ȏȈ ǸȖȋȖȎșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȖȑ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ șȖȉȍȘțȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȌȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓȐ
ȐȔ șȍȑȟȈș șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ șȌȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȋ ǸȖȋȖȎ-
șȒȐȑ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȦ șȊȖ-
Șț
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȓȍȚȐȔ ȏȈ ǸȖȋȖȎșȒțȦ
— ǳȍȚȐȔ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȍȓ ț Șțȓȧ ȝȐȚȘȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȕȈȘȧȌ ǸȖȋȖȎșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȑȖȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ Ȋ
șȊȈȓȖȟȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȣ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ Ȋȍȓ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ Ȓ ȗȖȋȘȍȉț ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-

218
ȓȈșȤ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȧ
— ȀȖȜȜȍȘ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ"
—ȇȧ
— ǫȌȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ"
— ǰȌțȚ
ǼȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȧ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ǰȏ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȣȝȖȌ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȠȈȋ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȐȕțȓ ȘțȟȕțȦ ȋȘȈȕȈȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ȌȊȍȘȧȝ Ǫ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ
ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǰȔȍȕȍȔ ǸǹǼǹǸ ǹȌȈȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȉȘȖșȈȦ
ȋȘȈȕȈȚț Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ ǹȟȐȚȈȦ ȌȖ ȚȘȍȝ ǸȈȏ
ǵȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȣ țȎȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȖȘțȎȐȍ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ Ǹ Ǻ ǩțȘțȕȌțȒ ǼȈȑȕ Ȑ ǩȍȕȖȘ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ǲȖșȚȘȖȔȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ǻ
ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȖȠȈȘȈȠȐȓȈ ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ —
ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǹȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȚșȒȈȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦ ȉȈȒȈȓȍȑȕȈȧ
ȓȈȊȖȟȒȈ ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ Ȑ șȚȖȓȖȊȈȧ ©ǷȈȔȐȘª ǹȐȌȐȚ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȗȤȧȕȣȝ — șȚțȌȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ©ǮȘȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȖșȤȔțȠȒț ȝȓȍ-
ȉȈ ȊȣȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȈȊȚȖ-ȗȘȖȔȣȊȒȐ ȕȈȗȘȍȔșȧ ȗțșȚȤ ȖșȓȍȗȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȠțȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȌ
ȗȤȧȕțȦ ȓȈȊȖȟȒț ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȟȍȔ
Ȋșȧ ȏȈȋȊȖȏȌȒȈ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ ț ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȠȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȔȈȝȕȍȠȤ ȗȓȦȕȍȠȤ — ȌȘȍȉȍȌȍȕȤ ȇȌȘȖ Ȏȍ — șȈȔȖȍ-ȚȖ ȧȌȘȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ
ȚȖȎȍ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊșȒȖȍ ȉȘȍȌȖȊȖȍ — Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȧȌȘȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȈȧ ȏț-
ȉȈșȚȈȧ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȈȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ șȍȘȌȞȍȊȐȕ-
ȒȈ
ǳȐȕȍȍȊ — ȒșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌțȘȈȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ț ȕȐȝ ȏȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ șȊȖȌȐȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉț ȋȓȈȊȒȖȊ — ȉȈȘȖȕȈ Ȑ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚȈ ǲȖȋȌȈ
ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ǳȐȕȍȍȊ șȓțȎȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȖ-ȌțȘȈȞȒȐ ȟȍ-
șȚȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ șȈȉȖȚȈȎȈ șȈȔ Ȏȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȞȐȦ ȕȈ
ǵȈȚȈȓȤȦ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȕț Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȓșȧ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ ȖȉȈ ȋȓȈȊȒȈ ȋȖȚȖ-
Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȘȔȈȠȒȈȔȐ ǷȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȦșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȌȖ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȥȚț țȗȈȌȖȟȕțȦ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ǰȚȈȒ ȋȓȈȊȒȐ șșȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ǵȈȚȈȓȤȧ Ȏȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȕȈ — șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ — ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȥȚț ȋȘȣȏȕȦ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȧ ǭȌȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȚȖ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȒȐȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȐȔȐȚȈȚȖȘ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȈȒȚȍȘ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȚȖ-
ȕȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȖȓțșțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȔȈȕ ȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ǭȋȖ

219
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ǵ Ǫ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȗȓȈȕȣ ȏȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ©ǴȐȏȈª
©ǴȐȞȐȒª ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȐȟȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ǴȐȘȍș ǲ ȔȖȔȍȕȚț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȖ ǵ Ǫ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ǴȐȞȐȒȖȔ țȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȕȍ-
șȚȕȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ — ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ǽȈȕȣȔ — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȕȍȍ Ȏȍ
ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ ǷȖșȓȍ ȍȍ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȓȐ-
ȞȍȐșȚ șȝȈȗȈȓ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȈȓȍ țȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȉȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊșȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ țȌȘȈȓ ǳȐȞȍȐșȚ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȖ ȉȈ-
ȘȖȕ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȓ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ǳȐ-
ȕȍȍȊȣȔ
ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒȍ ǴțȘȔȈȕȈ ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ǺȖ ȌȈ șȍ ǲȖȕșȗȐȘȈȞȐȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȟȈșȚȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȖȗȈȓșȧ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
ȌȖșȚȈȊȒȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ Ȑȏ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǴțȘȔȈȕ ȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǯȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ǳȐȕȍȍȊț Ȑ ȒȖȔȐș-
șȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȐȔȍȓ țșȗȍȝ
ǵȈȊȘȈȓ ȗȘȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȊȧȏȐ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ
ǲșȚȈȚȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȧ ȥȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ©ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔª ȌȍȓȖȔ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȋȓȈȊȈȘȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȕȈ ©ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȍ ȠȚȈȉȈª ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȐ ț
ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȕȣ ǪȣȑȌȧ ȖȚ ǳȐȕȍȍȊȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȘȈȏț ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ șȓȍ-
ȌȧȚ ǺȈȒ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ" ǰ ȕȈȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȈȌȖ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕȍ-ǷȈȔȐȘȍ ǺȈȒ ȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȌȕȍȔ Ƞȓȧȓșȧ ȗȖ
ǹțȝȈȘȍȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȞȍȕȐȊȈȓșȧ ǬȈȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȘȡȐȓ ǵȐ ȊȍșȚȖȟȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȕȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȉȖȧȓșȧ Ȉ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ șȖȘȊȍȚ țș-
ȗȍȝ
ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȤ ȊșȖșȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȒȘȣȚȤ ǰ țșȗȍȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȋ ©ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑª ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȒȞȐȐ ǵȖ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ
Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȈȌȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈ-
ȔȐȘȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȖ ȐȕȖ-
șȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ǵȕȍ Ȏȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȒȓȖȟȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ǿȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈșȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȔȍȒȐ ǺȈȒ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ǩ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ǳȍȊȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȊȈȔ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ș ©ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȍȒȞȐȍȑª ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐȔ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖșșȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȓ ȍȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ
ȏȈ ǷȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȖȑ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ǵȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ș ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȔȐȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈ șȟȍȚȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȌȈȓ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ

220
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ Țț ȎțȚȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ș ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȣȟȍȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȐ ǯȈȧ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ǳȍȊȒȈ Ȋ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ Ȉ ȚȈȒ Țȣ ȎȐȊ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ" ǬȈ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȏȌȍșȤ" ǰ
șȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ
ǻȉȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȈȏț ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈ-
ȓȖ ȊȣȊȍȌȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȣ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓțȗȍȑȠȐȍ ȗȘȍȋȓțȗȍȑȠȐȍ ȌȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ,
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ
ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ǺțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȈ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ Ȑ ǵȈȚȈȓȤȧ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȕȈ ǵȈȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ ©ȊȍȘȕȣȝª ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
ǯȈȚȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ș ǵ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ — ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȑȏ
ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ǰȔȍȑȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȑȕȖ
ȊȈȠȈ ȇ șȈȔȈ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ
ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ©ȇ ȗȖȔȖȋț
ȊȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș Ȉ Ȋȣ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȈș ȗȖȗȘȖȠț ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȕțȎȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȖȒȈȎȍȚȍ
Ȕȕȍ țșȓțȋț ǴȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȠțª ǰ ș ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ
ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȚȤ ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȍ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ǰ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓȐ ȠȖȜȜȍ-
ȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȌȍȕțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȓșȧ«
ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȈȏȘȍȊȈȓȐ ǪȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧȌ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ șȈȔ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȓȍȋȓȖ ȖȚ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈ Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ țȊȍșȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ǵȍ ȚȈȒȖȊȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȖȊ ǩȈȘȖȕ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȚȈȑȕȖ
ȖȚ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȈȔ ȘțȒț ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȧȒȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȟȈșȚȤȦ șȍȒȘȍ-
ȚȈ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȍ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚȈ ǰ ȓȐȞȍȐșȚ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȐșȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȘȈȕȍȕ ǯȈȌțȠȍȕ Ȋ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǩȈȘȖȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍ-
ȔȖȔț ȊȏȘȣȊț ǺȖȋȌȈ ǵ Ǫ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȍȔț Țț Ȏȍ țȟȈșȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȊȐȕȣ
ȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șțȌȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐșțȌȐȓȐ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ƕȕ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ țȉȐȚ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǷșȒȖȊȈ
ǷȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǵ Ǫ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ǩȓȍ-
șȚȧȡȈȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕ ȊȖȎȌȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȈȍȚ ȥȊȈȒțȈȞȐȦ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ȅȊȈȒțȈȞȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȌȕȣȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ ȅȊȈȒțȐȘȖȊȈȓșȧ ©ǹȖȦȏ ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧª Ȋ ǲȈȏȈȕȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȥȊȈȒțȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ ǰ ȊȖȚ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ șȓȐȚȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ǵ Ǫ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ
ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȔț ǴȐȞȍȒț
ǳȐȕȍȍȊ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȍȓȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȝȊȈȚ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǯȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌțȘȈȒȖȔ ǳȐȕȍȍȊȣȔ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȕȍȒȚȖ ȀȍȜȚȍȓȤ ǩȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ǩȍȘȍȕȌȍȍȊȈ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȣȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȝȐȔȐȒ Ȉ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕ Ƕȕ
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ Ȏȍ ȕȈȉȘȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȍȍ-

221
șȧȚȒț Țț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ǸȖȋȖȎșȒȖȔ ǴȈȓȧȘȖȊ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȧ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣ
ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ" ǳȐȕȍȍȊț șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȀȍȜȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȔȈȕ-
ȡȐȒ Ǫșȍ ȘțȠȐȓȖșȤ ǸȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ ȌȍșȧȚȒț ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑ șȖȏȊȈȕȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȀȍȜȚȍȓȤ țȌȘȈȓ ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȏȍ țȚȘȖȔ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓșȧ ǴȐ-
ȞȍȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȠȐȑ Ț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ț ǩțȘțȕȌțȒȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȐ ǳȍȊȒȐ-ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȉțȘȕȈȧ Ǫ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ǳȐȕȍȍȊ
ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ ǳȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ
ǳȐȕȍȍȊ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȕȐȔ ǹțȔȞȖȊ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ Ȑ Ȋ ǴȖ-
șȒȊȍ Ǫ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȍ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ șȖȉȍȘțȚșȧ ǵ Ǫ ǴȐȞȍȒ Ȑ ȀȍȜȚȍȓȤ ȗȓȦș
ȘȈȏȊȐȚȈȧ ȔȖȡȕȈȧ ȔȍșȚȕȈȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ǺȈȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȚȖȕȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȖ ȜȘȖȕȚȈȝ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȐ
ȜȘȖȕȚȖȊ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȟȔȈȕ ȕȈ ǴțȘ-
ȔȈȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ǬȘȈȊȍȘȚ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ ȅȚȐȝ
ǵ Ǫ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȘȈȏȖșȓȈȓȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȚ
ȏȈȌȈȟȐ
ȅȚȖ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȉȈȕȌȐȚ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ǫȓȈȊȓȐȗȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȖȊ Ǹ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȚȈȒ
ȗȖȘțȟȐȚȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȠȐȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȔț ȕȈțȟȐȓȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ Ȋ țșȗȍȝȍ
Ǹ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǺȖȟȕȣȑ ȧ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȐȌț ȊȈȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ǪȍȌȐȚȍ șȈ-
ȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǲ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȖ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ țȑȚȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȐȌȍȚ țȎȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ Ȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȘțȟȈȦ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
ȊȈȔ ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ȘȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȗȖȖȡȘȍȕȐȍ Ǫȣ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȞ
Ǫ ȈȗȘȍȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ț ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȉțȝȚȣ ȘȈȌȐȖ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȓȖ ȘȈȌȐȖ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȕȐȚȧȔȐ ȓȤȌȐȕȣ ȖȚȚȈȓ-
ȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȠȓȍȗȈȓȐ
— ǵȍ ȌȖȗȘȖșȐȠȤșȧ ǴȖșȒȊȣ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ
șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȈ
— ǬȖȗȘȖșȐȓșȧ — ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȎȔțȘȧșȤ ȖȚ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȏȍȊȣȊȈȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
ǶȉȖȘȖȚȣ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȐ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ
ǵȈ ȧȘȔȈȘȒț ȗȘȐȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȗȈȘȍȑ
ǬȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈȝ«
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟț
ǵȖ ȋțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ

— ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǹȓțȝȈȟ ȊȍșȤ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȠțȔȣ
ǩȦȓȓȍȚȍȕȤ ǸȖșȚȈ ǷȈȔȐȘ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚ ǴȖșȒȊȈ ǹȖȊȍȚȐȏȈȞȐȧ ǷȈȔȐ-
ȘȈ ǩȈȕȌȐȚȣ Ȑ ȉȈșȔȈȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȎȐȚȣ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ
ȗȓȈȕȖȔȍȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
ǶȘȋȈȕȐȏțȦȚșȧ ȒȐȠȓȈȟȕȣȍ Ȑ ȈțȓȤȕȣȍ ȐșȗȖȓȒȖȔȣ
ǪȍȌȍȚșȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȈȓȖȍ ȏȕȈȔȧ — ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ǹǹǹǸ — ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȔțȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȐȖșȚȈȕȞȐȍȑ

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ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȖȊ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȋȘțȌȣ ȔțșȖȘȈ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȐȔȖ Ȗȗ-
ȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȍȔȈȜȖȘȈ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȘȣȊȖȒ ȒȖȎȐ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȍȔȣȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖșȍȔȤ țȚȘȈ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȎțȡȍȋȖ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ Ȑ ȍȌȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȋȖȘșȚȧȔȐ ȓȍȚȧȡȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȍșȒȈ ȖșȓȍȗȓȧȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȔȍȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ ȓȐ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ȋ ȉțȌȒț ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ǻ ȕȖȋ ȗȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȚȖȗȒȐ Ȋșȍ
ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȉțȌȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȝ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȏȈȑȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ
ȚȍȕȌȍȘ șȐȧȓ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȔ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȖȊ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȖȉȓȐȚȣȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȉȍș-
ȠțȔȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘ
ǭȝȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ș ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǴȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈȝ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȧȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘ-
ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȍȑ
ǪȣșȖȊȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȠȒȈ Ȗȕ țȉȍȎȌȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȐȓȤ ȗțȚȐ ȕȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ — țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ șȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȠȖȜȍȘȖȔ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ǴȐȓȖȊ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȔȖȡȕȖȔț ȌȊȖȑȕȖȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ Țț ȗȖȍȏȌȒț
— ǵȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȖȕȒȈȝ — ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȠȖȜȍȘ ȟȈșȚȖ țȉȐȘȈȦȚ
șȚȍȒȓȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȠȖȜȍȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȧșȤ ȗȖ șȚȍȒȓț ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ țșȣȗȓȧȦȡȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ șȓțȟȈȐ ȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚț ȋȖȕȡȐȒȈ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ șȖșȚȧȏȈ-
ȕȐȧ
Ǫ  ȟȈșȖȊ — ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ — Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǬȖ ȘȈ-
ȏȢȍȏȌȈ -Ȗȑ ȊȍȘșȚȣ ȞȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǹȕȐȏț ș
ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȌȣȔ ǵȍ ȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȣȓȤ ȖȚ
ȟȈșȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȕȐȧ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȖȗȈȚȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǴȈ-Ȗ
ȗȖ ȕȍșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȒțȘȐȓ ȖȗȐȑ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȈȒȘțȋȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȒȓȖȕ Ȋȍ-
ȌțȡȐȑ Ȓ ȊȣȍȔȒȍ ț șȒȈȓȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ǽȖȌȐȕȈ ǹȔȍȘȚȤª ǵȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓȖșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȊȣȍȔȒț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȣșȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ
țȉȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ
ǴȐȓȖȊ ȖȉȖȔȓȍȓ
ǭȔț ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ
ǹȈȔȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȊȝȖȌ Ȋ ȊȣȍȔȒț

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Ǫșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ — șȒȈȓȣ șȕȍȎȕȣȍ șȒȈȚȣ ȋȘȍȉȕȐ ȘȍȓȤșȣ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȌȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ǴȐȓȖȊ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȈȘȍȊȖ șȖȓȕȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ
Ƕȕ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒț ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȔȐȕț-
Țț Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉȍȏ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȍȏȌ șȌȈȍȚ ȝȖȌ.
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȖȓ-
ȟȈșȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓȈ ǯȈȑȟȐȒȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ǫ ȒȖșȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȐȑ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ț ȔȈȠȐȕȣ șȚȖȧȓ ǴȈ-Ȗ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȈȒ ȈȐșȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǴȐȓȖȊȈ șȊȍȘȓȐȓ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȐșȚȈ ȔȍȎ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔț
Ǫșȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ǴȐȓȖȊț
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚ-
ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȐȕȒț Ȋ țȋȖȓȤȕțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȚȍȕȌȍȘȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȗȈȘ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ
Ǫȣȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǪȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈ-
ȕȈȊȍș Ȑȏ ȓțȟȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȒȈ
ǷȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȖȓȕȞȍ

©ǽȖȌȐȕȈ ǹȔȍȘȚȤª ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȉȓȍșȒȈ
ǴȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȕȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓ ȝȖȌȈ
ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐȑ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ț ȗȖȌ-
ȕȖȎȒȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
Ƿțȓȧ ȗȘȖșȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓȈ ȗȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏț ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǵȖ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȔȟȈȓșȧ țȎȍ Ȋ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ țȡȍȓȤȧ
ǷțȚȤ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǴȐȓȖȊ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȍȡȍ  ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȓ ț
ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȈ 
ǶȚȘȧȌ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǴȐȓȖȊ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ©ǳȐșȈ Ȑ ȊȖȠȤª
șȔȣȓșȧ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ
șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȈ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ
ǶșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȒțșȒȖȊ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ț ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȚȘțȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȦ ȒțȏȖȊȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȈ
Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȔȐȕțȚȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȖȎȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȍ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȕȖșȧ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒț Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȍș-
Ȓȍ ȒțșȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȓȍȌȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ©ǳȐșȣ Ȑ ȊȠȐª.
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ©ǳȐșț Ȑ ȊȖȠȤª ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȒȘȈșȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖ ȔȈȕȤȟȎțȘșȒȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǪȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ©ǽȖȌȐȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐª ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȊȣȍȔȒț ȒȍȔ-
ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȘȦȔȖ ȌȖȉȣȚȣȍ
Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȉȍȎȍȕȞȍȊ ǲȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ©ǽȖȌȐȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐª ǺȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȟȍȓȍȑ Ȑȝ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ.
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȒȐ ȝȖȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȔȖ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȈ
 Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȍȓȣȝ
ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ǴȐȓȖȊ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȓȦȉȐȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȕȈȟȐȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ Ǻǿ
ǺȈȒ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȑ ȐȔȍȊȠȍȍ
ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ

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229
ǻȚȘȖ Ȋ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ
Ǫ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒțȘșȈ ǴȍȝȈȕȐȒȖ-ȔȈȠȐȕȖșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȊȣșȒȘȍȉȣȊȈȧ ȓȖȎȒȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ ǪȌȘțȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ǹȍȘȍȎȈ ǼȖ-
ȔȐȕ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȏȓȖȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȟȍȘȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȣ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ Ǵ ș ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ǴȖșȒȊț ǲȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȕ Ȋ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȖȝȘȈȕȍ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ
ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȒȈȒ țȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ ȇ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒțȌȈ
șțȕțȚȤșȧ
ǹȒȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȊȐȌ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ ǸȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȞȐȘȒțȓȤ țȗȍȘșȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȠȚȣ-
ȒȖȔ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȈȌ ǴȖșȒȊȖȑ Ȋ Ȗșȗȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȖșȒȖȓ-
ȒȐ ȉȖȔȉ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ ȎȍșȚȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȕțȦ ȎȐ-
ȎțǪ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȚȐșȕțȊ ȗțșȚțȦ ȉȈȕȒț ȒȈȒ ȘțȟȕțȦ ȋȘȈȕȈȚț Ȗȕ
șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȕȖșȒȈȝ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ
ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
ȗȖȒȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ș ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȍȑ ȊțȏȈ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǹȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȊșȦȌț ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǺȈȕȞțȦȡȐȑ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȍȦȡȐȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȈȌȘȍșȈ ȋȈȏȖțȉȍȎȐȡ Ƕȕ ȉȘȍȏȋ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ Ȑ ǼȖȔȐȕȈ
ǺȘȈȔȊȈȐ ȗȘȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ Ȓ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȔ ȗțȕȒ-
ȚȈȔ ȟȈșȚȤ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȠȓȈ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
ǷȘȖȉȍȋȈȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈșȈȌȈ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȖȏȈȊȖȌȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ
ȋțȓ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ǳȦȌȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ș ȗȍșȕȧȔȐ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ
ǷȘȐȔȍȘȧȓȐ ȔȈșȒȐ ǹ ǩȈțȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ©ǰȕȚȍȘȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȈª
ǪȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȍ ǹȖȊȕȈȘȒȖȔȈ Ȑ ȌȍȒȘȍȚ Ȗ ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ țȋȓț.
ǴȐȚȐȕȋ
... — ǹȓȖȊȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȍȕȘțȒț ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ
ǫțșȚȖȑ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȏȈȓ Ȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ Ȑ ǼȖ-
ȔȐȕ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȘȧȌȈȝ
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǵȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȈ ǷȘȐ  ȋȘȈȌțșȈȝ ȔȖȘȖȏȈ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈȓȍȚ Ȑ ȋȈȏȖȊȈȧ ȈȚȈȒȈ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȌȖȉ-

230
ȘȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȖ ȘȈȑȖȕȈ ǹ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȉ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȑȝ șȕȐȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȏȧȚȈ Ȋ
ȗȓȍȕ ȒȖȓȝȖȏȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ ȈȗȓȖȌȐșȔȍȕȚȣ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈș ȖȚ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ǺȣșȧȟȍȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȑ ȘȍȑȌ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ș ȏȈȗȈ-
șȖȔ ȉȖȔȉ Ȑ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ — ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȔ ȕȖ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȍȕ ǪȘȈȎȍșȒȐȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȐȓȤȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȎȌțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ țȘȈ-
ȋȈȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȧȚ șȖȒȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȗȖȘ
— ǷȍȘȍȝȖȎț Ȓ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔț — ȒȈȒȐȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȕȈȟȈȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȚȘțȌȈ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȖȔ Ǵȣ ȕȍțșȚȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ ȖȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌțȠȐȧ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȓȍȚ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ Ȉ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȏȐȔȣ
— ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȐ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ Ȕȣ ȊȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȣșȠțȦ Ȋȕȍ-ȊȖȑșȒȖȊțȦ ȗȖȌȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȒț Ȋ ȊțȏȈȝ ǯȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ — ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ —
ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ Ȋ Ȋțȏȍ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȍ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘțȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ țȟȍȉȣ
ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȎȍșȚȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȕȈȌ țșȊȖȍȕȐȍȔ
ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ
ǫȖȓȖșȈ — Ǩ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȗ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȍ"
— ǹȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȊșȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
țȟȍȉȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȖȍ ȕȈ-
șȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȋ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȍ
ǵȖ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȌȊȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ǬȈȎȍ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȗȓȖȠȤ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȏȈȕȧ-
ȚȐȧ
— ǰ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȉȖȘȈ Ȋ ȠȚȈȉȍ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ ȚȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȈȧșȤ ȕȍțȊȧȏȒȐ ǲȖȔȉȈȚ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȑ ȕȐ ȊȖȍȕȒȖȔȈ ȕȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǺȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȏȈșȚȈȓȈ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ǰȏ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȑ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ
ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȎȐȊțȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈȝ ȖȚșȚȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȈȓȈȎȍȕȈ ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
ȊțȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȋȘțȎȍȕ ȒȈȘȈțȓȤȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȖȑ Ȉ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȝȘȈȕț șȔȍȕȐȚȤ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍȒȖȔț
— ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȒȖȔșȖșȚȈȊ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȑȏ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȘȈȕȍȍ
ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȍ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȍ
ȗțȕȒȚȣ Ȉ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊ
— ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȉ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈȏȔȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȊșȦ șȚȘȈȕț Ǫșȍ ȗȖȋȖȓȖȊȕȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȊșȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ
ǲȈȘȈțȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȍșȓȐ șȓțȎȉț ȗȖ  ȟȈșȖȊ ǯȈ ȌȊȈ-ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ Ȕȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȔ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈ-

231
ȕȐȍ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ Ȑ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉțȟȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȍȔȈȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ — șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
©ǶȚșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȖȚțª
ǪȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ — ȥȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ — ȉȣȓȐ
ȏȈȉȐȚȣ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȣ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ǲȖȔȉȈȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȖȜȒȖȔȈ ǳȖȉȒȖȊ Ȑ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȈ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȌțȔȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȠȚȈȉȈ"
— ©ǪșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Țȣ ǳȖȉȒȖȊ ȗȘȧȔȖ ș ȕȍȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈȊȕȖȌț-
ȠȐȍȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ǿȍȓȣȝ ȌȊȍ ȌȍȒȈȌȣ Țȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȜ-
ȒȖȔȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȝ Ȍȓȧ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ ǪȖȍȕȘțȒ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȐȓ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ǻ ȕȈș ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȘȖȋȖȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ țȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Țȣ ǳȖȉȒȖȊ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȓ ț
ȕȈș ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȜȘȈȉȖȚț Ȉ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ»
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊ ȌțȔȈȓ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
șȟȐȚȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șȗȖȘȖȊ ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȓȈȌȈȧ ȘțȒ ȕȈȊȍȘșȚȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ țȗțȡȍȕȕȖȍ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊț ș ǼȖȔȐȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
— Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧȝ ȉȣȓȐ ǷȖȑȌȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚ ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ
ǺȈȔ țȎȍ șȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ǲȖȔȉȈȚ ș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǴǪǶ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ
— ǪȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȣ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȒȖȔȉȈȚ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ ș ȗȈȓȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ" — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș
ȘȖȔȉȖȔ — ǵț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ȊȣȌȈȌȐȔ ǸȖȚȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ǶȒȘțȎȕțȦ ȕȈ Ȗȝ-
ȘȈȕț ȗȖȋȘțȏȒȐ ȉȖȍȗȘȐȗȈșȖȊ ǹ țșȚȈȊȈȔȐ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ"
— ǭȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȘȖȔȉȖȔ ȏȈȌȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȈțȓȤȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȍ ȌȊțȔ-
ȚȘȍȔ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ
— ǴȖșȒȊț ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ șȊȖȑ ȘȈȑȖȕ" ǫȌȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ǲțȘșȒȈȧ
Ȑ ǵȐȎȍȋȖȘȖȌșȒȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ"
ǹȖșȍȌ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ
— ȇ ȗȍȘȊȖȒțȘșȕȐȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ǸȧȏȈȕȐ
— ǲȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȣ Ȓ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚț șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǳȍȜȖȘȚȖȊȈ"
— ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ — ȗȖȌȝȖȌȣ"
— ǶȚșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȖȚț ǯȈȚȘȍȉțȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ-ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐșȚȖȊ — șț-
ȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȘȖȔȉȖȔ ǪȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȒț Ȑ țȍȝȈȓ

232
ǻ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ
ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
— ǿȈșȖȊȣȔ ț ȈȥȘȖȌȐȕȈȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǮțȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǻ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȕȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǪȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ț ȕȈș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȚ ǷȖȓțȟȈȑ Șțȟ-
ȕțȦ ȋȘȈȕȈȚț ǸȈȏȉȖȘȒț ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ" ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȓȟȐȠȤ" ǫȖȊȖȘȐ țȔȍȍȠȤ
ș ȋȘȈȕȈȚȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȠȤ"
ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȓȈ Țȍȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ țȟȍȉȈ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȓȈ ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ Ǫ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȧșȕȖ ȊșȗȓȣȓȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ
ǺȐȘ ǹȔȍȕȈ șȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ Ƕȕ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ Ȑ șțȔȍȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȐȚȘȖ țȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ șȈȔ ȊȖșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ
ȗȘȖȉȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ǪșȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ — ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤ
ǸȈȏȊȖȌȧȡȐȑ țȎȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ș ȕȈȌ-
ȗȐșȤȦ ©ǪȝȖȌ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȔ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕª
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȖȠț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈ — ȗțșȚȧȒȖȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — țș-
ȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ țȑ-
ȚȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȓțȠȈȓ ǶȌȕȈ
ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȘțȋțȦ
ǹȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǬȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȣ
Ȑ Ȋ ȌȖȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ ǪȖ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȣȔ ȊȘȈȕȤȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ƕȕ țȎȍ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȓșȧ șȉȍȎȈȚȤ ș ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ ǵȖ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȌȍȓȖ-
ȊȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǫ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ș ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȠȈȗȒȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ
ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȤ ǩȍȋȓȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ©ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț"ª — Ȑ ȕȍ
ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ
— ǲȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ" — țșȗȍȓ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ
— ǯȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȍȑ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ — ǵȍ ȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ
ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȑȚȐ
ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ǫ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ǯȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏȓȐ - ȔȐȕțȚ
ǸțȟȕȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈ
ǸȈȏȊȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȑ ȓȣșȣȑ Ȋ ȗȍȕșȕȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȣȔ
— ǯȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉȘȍȌȐȚȍ Ȗȕ Ȋ ǳȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌȍ ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȊȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȍȏ

233
ȘȈȏȊȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ" ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǲȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ Ǫ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǻ Ȋșȍȝ
ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǹȚȖȑȚȍ — ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȍșȚȤ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȈȧ
ȌȊȍȘȤ ǺȖȓȒȕțȓȐ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȒȈ ȗȖȌȌȈȓȈșȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȠȗȐȖȕ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ șȗț-
șȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖ șȈȌț
— ǹȚȖȑ Ȉ ȚȖ ȋȘȈȕȈȚț ȉȘȖȠț
— ǹȘȣȊȈȑ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ șȉȖȒț
Ǫ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȗȕ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈȝ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȗȖșȓȍ șȕȧ-
ȚȐȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ǰȝ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚ ȗȖ șȟȍȚț
— ǩȘȖșȈȑ — ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȖȚȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȘȈȏȖȔ
ȠȈȋȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȖȑ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ ȍȍ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȕȍȋ ǹȍȒțȕȌȣ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ǭȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ
șȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȗțșȚțȦ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȕțȦ ȉȈȕȒț șȚȖȧ ț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ — Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ
— 1-62- ǬȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȌȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖ
ǫȘȈȕȈȚȈ ȕȍ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȎȈȓȐ țȌȈȘȕȐȒ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑȏ
ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȈȔȉțȓȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ
ȠȗȐȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ șȕȍȋț Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈ
ǷȖȓȕȖȚȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǷȖșȚȣȠȍȊț Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȖȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ — ș ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȚșȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȍșȍȚ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǷțșȚȤ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ
ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȊȐȕț ȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ
ǯȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ șȈȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ǪȖȍȕȕȖ-ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȝȘȈȕț ȘȈȑȖȕȈ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ƞȍȓ ȊȖȍȕȘțȒ ǰȓȤȐȕȣȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȖȘȌȍȕȈȔȐ ǲȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ
ǽȐȔȐȒȐ țȎȍ ȋȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȍȕȣ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȍȕșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ ǨȊȐȈȝȐȔȈ ǪȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȕȤȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ȗȖ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȏȞț șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈȉȖ-
Țț Ȑ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȍȕȧ
ǲȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȝȖȎ șțȘȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȑ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȕȈ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ

ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǫȖȘȖȌ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ Ȍȍ-
ȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȘȈȓ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȏȕȈȧ ș
ȒȍȔ Ȑ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ǫȘȖȔȒȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐ ȘȍȟȤ ǹȚȈȓȐȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏ ǪȖȘȖȠȐȓȖȊȈ ǹ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ ȥȚȈȎȍȑ țȓȐȞȣ ț ȊȖȒȏȈȓȖȊ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ȠȓȍȔȖȊ
ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȘȈȏȉȍȘȐȝȈ Ȋ ǩȈțȔȈȕșȒȖȔ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ țȌȈȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȘȐȋȈȌȖȑ șȊȧȏȐșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǯȈ ȌȊȖȍ șțȚȖȒ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈȉȘȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȐ țȗȘȖȡȍȕȕȣȑ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȐȒ
Ǫ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ Ȋ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȧȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȝ ȊșȦȌț ȠȓȖ țȟȍȕȤȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȣ-
Șȍ Ȍȕȧ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȍȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗȉ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȐ ǰȕȌțșȚ-
ȘȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȗȍȌȈȋȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒțȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȒ Ȋșȍȝ
ȘȖȌȖȊ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ǹ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȋȈȏȖȔ ț ȗȖȧșȈ Ȋțȏȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȍ
ȔȈȠȐȕ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȈȓȐȞȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȉȐȚȖ ǷȖ-
șȚȣȠȍȊț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȐ-
ȕȣ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖȑ țȟȍȉȖȑ ǹȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ
șȚȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊȣȔ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȡȐȒȖȔ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȔ șȊȖȐ ȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȈȔ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȋȖ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȈ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ
ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȍȞ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȖȠȐȉȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȉȖȍȊȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ

235
ǸǼǺǺǳǻȀǮǾǶǶ
Ǫșȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȚȐȝ ǩ ǵȍșȔȍ-
ȓȖȊȈ «ǷȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȖȉțȊȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȣȓȤȦª ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ
*
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ ǹȚȐȝȐ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǺȐȝȖȔȐȘȖȊȈ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǵȍș-
ȔȍȓȖȊȈ ǷȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ ǲȖȕșȚ ǴȖȓȖȚȖȊȈ ǺȖȔșȒ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǺȖȔ-
șȒȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ [ǵȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȚȐȗ ȹ ], 1921.
ǹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ  — ȌȈȚȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
C. 27. ȉȖȑȞȖȊ — Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ©ȉȖȑȞȍȊª.
ǹ 30. ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȐȖ-șȚȈȕȞȐȐ — ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȗȖș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǪǾǰǲ ©Ƕȉ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǸǹǼǹǸª Ȑ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ 
A
Ǩ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ Ǩ ǸȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǰ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊ  ǽǽ ȊȍȒȈ ǸǹǼǹǸ >Ǵ
1921].
ǹ 8. șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ — Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ©șȝȈȊȈȚȐȓª
ǹ 8. ȉȣȚȤ ǰțȌȍ — Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ©ȉȣȚ ǰțȌȍª.
ǹ 40. ǹȖȘȖȒ ȕȈ șȖȘȖȒ — ǺȖȊȈȘȕȣȍ ȊȈȋȖȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȒȐ
șȖȓȌȈȚ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȊȔȍȡȈȓȐ  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǹ 3. ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǷȈȚȔȖș — ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ
ǩȖȋȖșȓȖȊȈ
ǹ 5. ǲȈȗȠȚȈȌ — ȚȈȒȎȍ ǲȈȗȠȚȈȌȚ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȍȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ǲȍȑȗȚȈțȕȈ

236
ǹ 6. ǻȔȘț țȔȘț ȖȚ șȣȗȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȜȈ — ǰ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȗȈȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȈȘȈȏȖȑ ȟȍȔ — Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȍ ȖȚ Ǫ ǴȈȧȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȓȐ-
ȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȖȉȐȍȑ — ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ
ǼțȐșȚȣ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǳȍȗȖȒ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ Ǵ ȔȈȘȚȖȉȘȧ
ȋȖȌ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ [1921].
ǲȕȐȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȈȘȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ Ȗȉȓ ȉțȔȈȋȈ Ȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȗȖȓțȒȈȘȚȖȕ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ǬȈȚȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ ǵ ǳȍȗȖȒȈ ȕȈ ȥȒȏ Ȑȏ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ Ǩ ǹȖȉȖ-
ȓȍȊȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȑ Ȓ ȗȖȥȚț Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȦ Ǫ ǲȖȊȈȓȍȊșȒȖȔț - ©ǴȐ-
ȓȖȔț ǪȧȟȍșȓȈȊț ǵ ǳȍȗȖȒ ,,,  ȋ». ǬȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȒȏ Ȑȏ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ǲȖȊȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌț Ǫ ǴȖȓȖȌȧȒȖȊț.
ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ǳȍȗȖȒ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǩȖȘȐș ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǷȖȥȔȣ Ǵ >ǺȐȗ
ǫǷǻ], ȈȗȘȍȓȤ  ǵȈ Ȗȉȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ǼțȐșȚȣ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȐȚ ©ǬȐȈȓȍȒ-
ȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧª ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ  ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȅȒȏȍȔȗ-
ȓȧȘȹª
ǹ  ȌȊȖȍ — Ț ȍ ǵ ǳȍȗȖȒ Ȑ ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ.
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ
ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǩȖȘȐș ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ ǹȚȐȝȐ Ǵ >ǺȐȗ ǫǷǻ@ ȈȗȘȍȓȤ  ǵȈ Ȗȉȓ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ǼțȐșȚ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȐȚ ©ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈª ȊȣȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ  ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȅȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȹ ª
ǹ 6. ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ — ǹȈȓȈȘ — ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȒȈȕȈȓ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȍ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ǻȏȉȍ-
ȒȐșȚȈȕ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȈ Ș ǿȐȘȟȐȒ
ǹ 8. ǿȈȔȋȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘ — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȔȈșșȐȊ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ǿȐȔȋȈȕ Ȋ
ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚșȒȖȔ ȊȐȓȖȧȚȍ ǻȏȉȍȒȐșȚȈȕȈ
ǹ 80. ...ȈȘȠȐȕȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȑȍȘȈȔȐ — ǹȚȍȑȍȘ ȠȚȈȑȍȘ — ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ©Steyr».

237
ǹ 80. ...ȌțȠȐȓȐ ȧ-ȉȓȖ-ȟȒȖȔ Ȑ ȠȈ-ȘȈȉȈȕȖȔ — Ț ȍ șȚȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȔȐ Ȋ
ȋȖȌȣ ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȈȘȐȈȕȚȈȝ ȗȍșȍȕȒȈȔȐ
©ȅȝ ȧȉȓȖȟȒȖ ȒțȌȈ Țȣ ȒȖȚȐȠȤșȧª Ȑ ©ȀȈȘȈȉȈȕª ©Ǩȝ ȠȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȔȖȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȒȈª
ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ
ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǩȖȘȐș ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ ǷȖȥȔȈ Ǵ >ǺȐȗ ǫǷǻ@ ȈȗȘȍȓȤ  ǵȈ
Ȗȉȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ǼțȐșȚ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȐȚ ©ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔª ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ  ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȅȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȹ ª
C. 85. «©ȘțȘșȒȖȑ ȖȒȒțȗȈȞȐȍȑª — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗȉ ȈȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȗȐșȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȐ — ȖȒȒțȗȈȞȐȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ ǸțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈ ȧȕȊȈȘȤ  ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȧ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȗȈȘȈȞȐȧȔ
ǹ 5. ǷțȈȕȒȈȘȥȐ — ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȧ ǸȈȑȔȖȕȈ ǷțȈȕȒȈȘȍ - Ȋ  ȋ — ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚ-
ȘȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
ǹ 88. Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ǲȖȓȤȞȖȊȈ — ǵ ǲ ǲȖȓȤȞȖȊ -1940) — ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȑ-
șȧ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȒ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ
ǹ 0. ǩțȘȓȦȒ ș ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ — ȖȚșȣȓȒȈ Ȓ șȚȐȝ Ǭ ǩțȘȓȦȒȈ ©ǷȓȖ-
ȌȖȕȖșȧȡȐȍª ©Ǵȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈª, 1915).
ǹ 0. ȀȚȍȑȕȈȝ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ — ǨȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋ ȅ ȀȚȍȑȕȈȝ -
 Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȍȞ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǹ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ - ȗȘȖșȓȈ-
ȊȐȓȐșȤ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ ©ȖȔȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧª ȊȈȏȖȓȐȋȈȚțȘȈ ȗȍȘȍșȈȌ-
ȒȈ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȗȖȓȖȊȣȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȚȍȔȈ ©ȖȔȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧª ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȓȈ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ Ȑ ȕȈ ǯȈȗȈȌȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ©ȉțȔȈª Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘț Ȑ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜ
ǹ 1. ǵȐȕȖȕ ǳȈȕȒȓȖ — ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ǵȐȕȖȕ Ȍȍ ǳȈȕȒȓȖ - ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȈȧ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ
ǹ 1. ȖȚ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȓțȕȣ — șȊȍȚȓȖ — ǰȌȍȦ ©ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȓțȕȣª ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ȔȖȋ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȘȗȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ Ǩ ǺȘȍȑȕȈ Ȑ Ǹ ǪțȌȈ ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ǳțȕȈ Ȋ ȖȘȐ-
ȋȐȕȈȓȍ The Moon Maker, 1916-1917) ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ
ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ©Ǫ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣª
ǹ 1. șțȝȐȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ  Ȕȣ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȖȌȈȘȐȔ — ȕȈȔȍȒ ȕȈ ©ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȦ
ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈª ǵ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȈ

238
ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǺȘȐ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
ǹȚȐȝ ©ǷȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȖȉțȊȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȣȓȤȦª ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ  ȹ 
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǨȓȚȈȑ  ȹ  ǹȚȐȝ ©ǫȓȈȏȈ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ-ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚȒȐª Ȑ ©ǲ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȦ — ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȓȈ ǴȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏȈª ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȆȎȕȣȑ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ǲȕ  ǹȐȔȜȍȘȖ-
ȗȖȓȤ 
ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǪșȚțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ©ǿȍȚȣȘȍȔ ȜȖȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȘȖȔȈȕȈȔª Ǩ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ Ǩ ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȜȖȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ Ǵ ǰȏȌ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ
 ǵȈ ș  șȚȈȚȤȧ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊȈ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ ©ǷȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍª Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ
ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ©ǪșȚțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȔȐª șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȚȐȚțȓȤȕȖȔț ȓȐșȚț ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǹ 8. ǲȖȋȈȕȖȊ-ǸȖȋȈȟȍȊșȒȐȝ — Ƿ ǹ ǲȖȋȈȕ -1932) — ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖ-
ȊȍȌ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ǫ ǳ ǳȤȊȖȊ-ǸȖȋȈȟȍȊșȒȐȑ -1930) — ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌ ȒȘȐ-
ȚȐȒ
ǹ 9. ȌȖȉȍȘȔȈȕ-ȜȘȐȟȍȑ — Ǫ Ǵ ǼȘȐȟȍ -1929) — șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȕȣȝ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȑ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȔȐȘȖȊ  ȹȹ - ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȏȌ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ
ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ ǰȓȓ ǫ ǲȓȐȕȟȈ Ȑ ǵ ǳȈȒȖȊȈ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǹ  ȒȈȘȚȐȕȕȖȔț ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȚȖȊ ǴȈȒȈȕȞȐȧȕȈ ©ȘțȉȐȚȤ ș ȗȓȍȟȈª — ȞȐ-
ȚȐȘțȍȚșȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ: «ǶșȍȕȤ  ȋȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȈȔȣȔ ȉțȘȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȍ ǪșȍȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȐ ǹȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȓȐ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ
ș ȟȐșȚȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȧȊȕȖ ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȓ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
“ȘțȉȐȚȤ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ” Ȑ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȘȚȊ ȕȐ ȚȘȖȜȍȍȊ (ǲȘȈșȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ Ǫǿǲ ǷȖȌ
ȘȍȌ Ƿ ǴȈȒȐȕȞȐȈȕȈ ǺȖȔ I Ǵ  ǹ 
ǹ  ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȐȝȐ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȉțȒȊ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖȓȖȑ ǹȖ-
ȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ — ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕț ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȠțȚȒȐ Ǵ
ǩțȓȋȈȒȖȊȈ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȖȊ Ȋ ǫțȌȒȍ ©ǫȍȘȈșȐȔ ǷȍȚȘȖ-
ȊȐȟ ǻȝȖȊª Ȑ ©ǫ Ƿ ǻȝȖȊª Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ș ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ǫǷǻ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈȔȐ
ȐȔȈȎȐȕȐșȚȖȊ ©Ǫșȍ ǿȍȔ ǲȈȍȔșȧª Ȋ șȊȍȚ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ©Ǵȣ ǿȍȔ ǲȈȍȔșȧª (1922).

239
ǹ  ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȈȚȤ ©ȒȖȒȈȐȕȍȚȒțª — ©ǲȖȒȈȐȕȍȚȒȈª — ȗȍșȍȕȒȈ Ǩ ǪȍȘȚȐȕș-
ȒȖȋȖ  ©ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȓȈȟȍȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ ȋȓțȗȈȧ ȌȍȚȖȟȒȈ / ǲȖȒȈȐȕȖȔ ȘȈșȗȧȚȈȧ
Ȋ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȝ ǴȖșȒȊȣ"ª Ȑ ȚȌ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ șȓȖȊ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȝ ȖȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȣ Ǩ ǪȍȘȚȐȕșȒȐȑ ȓȐȉȖ Ǫ ǨȋȈȚȖȊ
ǹ  ȔȐȠȈȓȌȖȑ — ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȕȐȠȈȓȌȈ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ țȏȉȍȒșȒȐȑ ȌȍșȍȘȚ
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǹȗȓȖȠȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȔȍȕȈ  ȹ  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȏȌ. ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ
ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ ǰȓȓ Ǵ ȇȋțȎȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ.
ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ
©ǷȍȟȈȚȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȚȖȊ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖȔ ȜȈȒȚȍ,
ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȗȓȖȠȤ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȅȚȖ — ȚȈȒ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ³ȏȈȒȖȕ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȍȚȈ´
ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȓțȟ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȕȈȗȘ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȚ ³ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ´ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ǰ ȗȘȐ ȚȖȔ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ șȈȔȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ
ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗțșȒȈȓȐ ³ȏȈȑȟȐȒȖȊ´ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȍȔ Ȑ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ³ȏȈȑȟȐȒ´ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȧȘȒȐȔ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȊȈȠȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȍ ȐȔȐ ȓțȟȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȍ
ȅȚȐȔ țȔȍȕȐȍȔ ³ȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȏȈȑȟȐȒȈ´ șȗȓȖȠȤ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ Țȍȝ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǷȘȐȔȍȘ ȥȚȖȋȖ — ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȊȍȚ ȖȚ
ȓȈȔȗȣ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ
ȕȍȍ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȔ ȗțȟȒȖȔ șȊȍȚȈ ǰȓȐ — Țȍ șȈȔȣȍ ³șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ´ șȔ
ȖȟȍȘȒ Ƿ ǳȖȗȈȚȐȕȈ — ³ǯȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ´ Ȋ ȹ  ³ǹȔȍȕȣ´ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗțȚȍȔ
țȔȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȖȚ ȞȍȓȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ
ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȖȚȍȓ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȍȕ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ
ȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ǪȘȈȟȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȧ ȕȈȌ șȗȖșȖȉȈȔȐ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȍȑȠȐȝ șȗȖșȖȉȖȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ȥȚȖ — ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ ³ȏȈȑȟȐȒ´ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ — ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ șȗȈȚȤ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ — Ȕȣ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȊșȒȖȓȤȏȤ țȗȖȔȧȕȍȔ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧșȕȣȔȐ

Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȒȐ ȝȐȚȘȖțȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ Ț ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕȈª
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǵȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȔȍȕȈ  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȏȌ. ș Ȑș-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȐ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕ Ȍȓȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȍ
ǹǹǹǸ Ȓ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ

ǼǱǹǮǰǹǳǻǶǳ
C ȀȈȘȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȑ ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȈȚȒȈȧ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȜțȐȏȔȈ
5
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ 
17
Ǩ [1921]
35
ǴȖȏȋȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȎȎȐȎ [1921]
47
ǬȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ 
63
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǩȍȓȤȔȈ ǹȈȓȈȘȈ 
74
ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǸȖȌȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ 
83
ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǺȘȐ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
93
ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ǪșȚțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ©ǿȍȚȣȘȍȔ ȜȖȕȍȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȔª Ǩ ǲȘțȟȍȕȣȝ
97
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǴțȘȔȈȕ-ǷȈȔȐȘ
100
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǹȗȓȖȠȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
223
ǩ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȠȐȕ ǵȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ
228
ǲȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
235

ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ț ȗ