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MOTOp MOIU;HOCTblO He MeHee 25-
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>KeHHSI CKOpOCTH.
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2,5 M npH mHpHHe Y TpaHl..{a
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THBJIeHueM), H 6YKCHpOBaTb BOJJ.-
HOJIbl>KHHKa neCOM )],0 80 Kr.
J(epeBSlHHbIH KapKac JIO)J,KH
C06HpaeTCSI no 06blIJHOH cxeMe H3
mnaHroYTHbIX paMOK, coe)J,HHeH-
HbIX npO)],OJIbHbIMU Bpe3HblMU
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H 3aocTpeHHbiM HOCOM (oNero OHO H nonY41ofno CBoe
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MY HMelOT COBpeMeHHble CBepX3BYKOBbie caMoneTbli
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6apbepa.
B KOHCTPYK41ofH MOT01l0,l:\KH «11a,l\a» CJofnbHO 3aOCT_
peHHa HOCOBa 4aCTb nepeXO,l\IofT B WIofPOKYIO KHIIe-
BYIO I1bl>KY (440 MM no TpaH4esoi:i paMe) !of B COy eTa-
HHJof co CttOWCHHblMH 60PTOBblMI-1 BeTBMIoi wnaHrOYT-
HblX paMOK o6pa3yeT Itopnyc BnOllHe COBpeMeHHOH
cpOpMbl, cnoco6HblH XopOWO rllJofCClofpOBaTb nplof pa3-
llHI.JHblX HBrpY3Kax Iof pa3.nH4HOM COCTOSlHHIof BO,l\HOH
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CTOHHCTBaMIof, KOTopble MO>KeT 04eHIofTb Ka>K,l\bIH 1110-
610fTenb BO,l\HO-MOTopHoro cnopTa.
OCHOBHblE TEXHHLJECKHE
AAHHbIE:
AI1HHa HaH6011bWaJ'l, M . . . 4,37
WHpHHa ra6apHTHaJ'l, M . . . 1,5
BblCOTa 60pTa, M . . . . . 0,65
l'JacCa)!{'1pOBMecTHMOCTb AO 4 '1el1.
Bec (AepeBJ'lHHbI01 'BapHaHT), Hr 120
MOHOCTb nOABeCHoro MOTopa,
11. c. . . . . . . . . . 30
CKOpOCTb MaKCHMal1bHaJ'l C OAHHM
BOAHTel1eM, HM/'I . . . . . 45
CTOHKOH lfJaHepbI TO.TlIl{HHOD 3 111M,
JIbI>Ka - H3 «1>aHepbI TOJIIl{HHOH
6 111M HJIH 4 MM C nOCJIe)J,YlOll{eD
OKJIeHKOH CTeK.TlOTKaHblO TOJIIl{H-
HOM 1-1,5 MM.
llInaHroYTHble paMKH c06u-
palOTCSI 83 COCHOBbIX OPYCKOB
40X20 MM, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOH-
CTPYKTHBHblMH lIepTe>KaIl1U, nOKa-
3aHHblMH Ha pHCYHKe 1. KocblHKH
U3 4JaHepbl TO.TlIU;UHOH 4 MM CJIe)J,Y-
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neHOnJIaCTOM MapKH n C-1. TpaH-
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4JanepoH TOJIIl{UHOii 10-12 MM,
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Pynax U rB03)J,SlX. ECJIH TaKOH
4JaHepbl HeT, TpaHl..{eBYIO paMY
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(3-4 MM), HO C 06eHX CTOpOH,
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MU neHon.TlaCTOM. «I>oplllTeBHeM
CJIY>KHT «JIe3BHe», Bblpe3aHHOe 83
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C60pKa Kopnyca Be)J,eTCSI no
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7 (aHepa TOJIlQHHOi'I 4 MM), 12 -- coe.n:HHeHHe KHJIH co CTpHHrepaMI1 KapKaca JlbDKU,
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HO KaK YHHBepCaJlbHhlii .u.Bllra-reJlb KpynHoii npOMbIllIJleHHOCTlI».
O.u.HaKO aTa KIiHeMaTllqeCKaJl cxeMa IIMeeT CYlLleCTBeHHhiii H
Opl'aHHqeCKHii HeAOCTaTOK, a lIMeHHO: rrpeoopa30BaHlIe nocTyna-
TeJlbHOrO Jl,BlI)I{eHlIJi nOplllHIJ BO BpalLlaTeJlbHOe Jl,BH)I{eHlle KOJleH-
qaTOrO BaJla. Eho npeoopa30BaHlIe B03MO)l{HO TOJlbKO npll nepe-
MeHHOM CKOpOCTlI Jl,BII)I{eHlIlJ nOplllHIJ Me1KJI,Y Jl,BYMIJ MepTBblMH
TOqKaMlI (BepXHeii 11 HlI1KHeH), B KOTOPbIX OH KaK Obi 3aMlIpaeT
IIJ1M OCTaHaBJllIBaeTCIJ. B npoLlecce nepeMell\eHlIII ero CKOpOCTb
YBeJlHqllBaeTCJI Jl,0 HeKoToporo MaKclIMYMa H 3aTeM onllTb YMeHb-
ruaeTCIJ Jl,0 Hy.'lll. M3MeHeHlIe CKOpOCTlI npHBOJl,HT K B03H1IKHOBe-
HlIlO YCKopeHlIH II, cJle)J.oBaTeJlbHO, CHJI lIHepLllllI. fCJlH B me-
CTH- H BOCbMHLlHJlHHJI,pOBblX Jl,BHraTeJlIIX CHJlbI lIHepLlH11 ypaBHo-
BelllHBalOTCJI, TO B Jl,BlIraTeJlIIX C MeHbllJHM qHCJlOM LlHJlHH.u.POB
aToro Jl,OCTlI% He YJI,aeTCJI oe3 3HaqHTeJlbHOl'0 yc.'101KHeHIIII KOH-
CTPYKLlHH.
BOT nOqeMY Ha npOTH1KeHH" BceH lICTOpllH pa3BlITlIJI Jl,BHl'aTe-
JleH BHYTpeHHero cropaHlIlJ npOBOJl,HJlHCb nOHCKH Jl,PYflIX KHHe-
MaTllqeCKHX cxeM .u.JlIJ OCYll\ecTBJleHHIJ pa60qero LlHKJla, B KOTO-
pbIX nopllleHb He COBepllJaeT B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJlbHoro Jl,BH1Ke-
HHJI. OJl,HH H3 TaKHX BapHaHTOB - Bpall\alOll\HHCIJ nOpllJeHb _
KaK npllHLllm H3BeCTeH ellle C XVII BeKa. POTopHbie «OO'beMHbIe»
MexaHII3MbI HalllJlH lliHpOKoe nplll\HHeHlle B pJlJl,e MalllHH: Haco-
Chi, BeHTHJlJlTOphI, KOMnpeccopbl H T. .u.. O.u.HaKO 0 cep&e3HOM
KOHCTPYKTHBHOM perneHH" pOTOpHOro .u.BHl'aTeJlIJ BHYTpeHHero
CI'OpaHHJI M01KHO 1'0BOpHT!> TOJlbKO C MOMeHTa nOIJBJleHHIJ MOTO-
pa ell. BaHKeJlIJ (ell P f) B 1957 ro.u.y.
3KcnepIIMeHTaJlbHO-KOHCTPYKTopcKHe IICCJleJl,OBaHl1IJ B OOJlaeTlI
1113 To..eK, nonY'IeHHblX Ha nepece..eHHH
OKPY>KHOCTH paA",yca epn '" l1y..eH yr-
nOB apnt, G.pn2... apnn, npOBoA!lT oTpe3KH
a pm "pn2
no.q yrl1aMH COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3' 3'"
apnn
3
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"
""'''HHY, 06pa3YfOw,ero paA"'yca pOTO-
pa Rpn. nOI1Y'leHHble TO'lKH 1, 2, 3 '" 1',
2', 3' 6YAYT npHHaAl1emaTb 3nHTpoxoHAe
TeOpeTH'IeCKOrO KOHTypa nOI1OCT'" KOp-
nyca.
I{OHTYP pa604ei1 nOI1OCTH Kopnyca 1
(p"'c. 3) npeAcTaBMleT C060H 3KB"'A"'CTaHT-
HYfO (napal1l1el1bHYfO, eCI1'" TaK MomHO CKa-
3aTb 0 KP"'BOH 11 "'H 1-11-1) KP"'BYfO, OTCTO!l-
W,YfO OT TeopeT"'4ecf<OH 2 Ha SeI1H'IH-
HY I{ - paA"'yca 3aKpyrneH"'!I l1onaTOK
paA"'al1bHoro yn11oTHeHJof!l pOTopa. npH 1-13-
rOTOSl1eHHH MOAel1'" ero MomHO np"'H!lTb
paBHblM 2-3 MM H He paCC4HTbIBaTb.
n03"'4HeH 3, 4 1-1 5 0603Ha4eHbi AeTal1H
ynl1oTHeH"!I pOTopa.
POTOp ,!\B!I I-IraTel1 BblnYKl1blH Tpe-
yrol1bHI-IK C Ayro06pa3HblMH cTopoHaMH
(p"'c. 2). PaAl-lYc KpyroBoro cerMeHTa f H ,
nocTpoeHHoro Ha CTopOHax paBHOCTOpOH-
Hero Tpeyrol1bH"'l<a CEF, MO>KHO Bbl....C-
I1HTb no 1j>0pMyne:
_ R 3C (3C - 2) +4
rH - 3 (3C -4)
rAe R - paAHYc Ha..al1bHo01 OI<PY>KHOCTI-I
6011bW001 cI-IHxpoHI-I3"'pYfOw,e01
wecTepH"',
C - K031j>Ij>HI..\HeHT 1j>0pMbi (13 HaweM
c11Y4ae paBHblH 2,3).
BblCOTY cerMeHTa h onpeAen!lfOT no
1j>0pMy"e:
h = R ( - ) .
HaHA!I He06xoAHMble Bel11-1'1HHbl, BbInOI1
H!leM rpalj>I-I4eCKOe nOCTpOeHl-le pOTopa
MOAeI1H.
Ha OC!lX KOOpAl-iHaT X H Y OTKl1aAblsaeM
6011bWYfO AB H Mal1YfO CIJ. OCH 3nHTpo-
XOHAbl, H3 TO'lKH fJ. - oTpe30K, paBHblO1 h
........
C03.u.aHHIJ pOTopHo-noplllHeBblx Jl,BHraTeJleH (pn)l.) BeJIHCb ell. BaH-
KeJleM B TeqeHHe 35 JleT. OH KJlaCCmlJ11LlIIPyer pa3paOOTaHHbIe 11M
Jl,BHl'aTeJIH Ha Jl,Ba THna B 3aBIICliMocni OT xapaKTepa BpalLleHHH
pOTopa: nepBblii - C npOCTbIM BpalLleHHeM, KorJl,a pOTOp H KOp-
nyc .u.BllraTeJlJl nepeMelQalOTCII OTHOCIITeJlbHO CBOIIX oceii, CMe-
LqeHHblX Ha OnpeJl,eJIeHHYIO BeJlII'J:HHY no OTHoweHHIO Jl,PYI' K
Jl,PYI'Y; BTOpOU - C nJlaHeTapHbIM .u.BIUKeHHeM, KOI'.u.a OCb pOTopa
Bpall\aeTCH BOKpyr OCII HenOJl,BH1KHOro Kopnyca (CTaTopa) Ha
onpeJl,eJIeHHOM paCCTOIJHlIH (aKCLleHTpHCHTeT), a caM pOTOp -
BOKpyr cBoeii OCH.
M3HaqaJlbHaSl KOHCTPYKLlIIIJ pOTopHo-noplllHeBoro )J.BllraTeJlII,
nOCTpoeHHoro ell. BaHKeJleM B 1957 mJl,Y, OTHOCHJlaCb K nepBOMY
nmy, TO eeTb aTO OblJl Jl,BlIl'aTeJIb C BpalLleHHeM KaK pOTopa,
TaK H Kopnyca, C nepe.u.aTOqHblM OTHoweHlleM Me1K)J.y HHMII, paB-
HbIM 1,5. PeaYJlbTaTbl IICnblTaHllii OKa3aJlHCb OOHll)J,e1KHBaIOIl\HMII,
HO CHCTeMbl 3a)l{HraHHIJ, ra3006MeHa II oXJla1KJI,eHHSI B aTOM Jl,BII-
raTeJIe OblJlH CBII3aHbi C Bpall\alOlLllIMHCII Jl,eTaJlIIMIi.
C 1958 ro.u.a cxeMa C OJl,HOBpeMeHHblM Bpall\eHHeM Kopnyea H
pOTopa He npHMeHSleTCJI, II pOTopHo-noplllHeBbIe )J.BllraTeJlH npo-
113BO.u.IJTCJI no oopalLleilHOMY BaplIaHTY KOHCTPYKLlIIH, C Heno-
)J.BH1KHbIM KopnYCOM H pOTOpOM, COBepwalOILlIIM nJlaHeTapHoe
Jl,BH1KeHHe.
lITO 1Ke npeJl,CTaBJlHeT c060ii cOBpeMeHHblii pOTopHo-nopwHeBou
Jl,BHraTeJIb nma <'JI,BIll'aTeJIlJ BaHKeJlIJ»? POTOp TpeyroJlbHoii
IjJOpMbl CO cTopoHaMII, onHcaHHblMIi .u.yraMH, BpalLlaeTCJI CBOOOJl,HO
Ha no.u.IlJHnHHKax Hn aKcLleHTpMKoBOM BaJlY, KOTOpbIii HBJlHeTCII
BaJlOM oToopa MOILlHOCTHj OH YKpenJleH B nOJl,WIInHHKaX, YCTaHoB-
JleHHblX B OOKoBble KpbllUKH Jl,BllraTeJlH. lI.eHTp BMa pOTopa
Jl,BII1KeTCIJ no OKPY1KHOCTH. nOCa1KeHHall Ha pOTOp COOCHO eMY
(SbICOTe cerMeHTa), 1-1 4epe3 ero HH>KHHH
KOHel..\ npOBOA"'M ""'I-jHfO nepneHAI-IKY-
l1S1pHO OCI-I Y. PaAHycoM f H "3 T04KH 2
'1epe3 TO"KY IJ. npOBOAHM Ayry OKPY>K-
HOCTH AO nepeCe'leHI-ISI ee C I1HHHeH
B TO'll<aX E H F. n011Y4eHHaSi ""'HI-ISI EF
6YAeT CTOpOHOH npaBl-lnbHOrO Tpeyrol1b-
HI-IKa EFC, KOTOpblH HY>lCHO nOCTpOl-lTb H
npOBeCTH 6..cceKTpHcbl yrl10B. 1113' TO'leK 1
H 3, ne>Kaw,HX Ha npOAOI1>KeH..H 6",cceK-
TpHC, HY>KHO npOBCCTI-I Ayrl-l OI<PY>KHOCTH
paAHycoM I' H '1epe3 TO'lKY E H TO'lKY F
,110 nepeCe'leHH!I I-IX B TO'lKe C. ::ho 1-1 6y-
AeT KOHTYP pOTopa. CooTHOWeHI-ISI OCTal1b-
HblX pa3MepoB BI-IAHbl 1-13 pHcYHKa 2.
Ha 'ocHoBaHHH npl-lBeAeHHbiX paC'IeTOB
H3rOTaBI11-1BafOTCSI WS6110Hbl KOHTypOB no
nOCTH Kopnyca H pOTopa. no HI-IM Ael1aeT-
CSI pa3MeTKa Ha 3arOTOBKax, KOTopbre 3a4
TeM 06pa6aTbiBafOTcSI Ha Ij>pe3epHoM It
wnl-llj>oBal1bHoM CTaHKax. MaTepHal1 3aro-
TOBOK - al1fOMHHHeSblH cnl1aB. I{OHCTPYK-
I..\HSI OCTal1bHblX AeTa11eH H caMoro pnA
BbmOnH!leTCSI B COOTBeTCTBHI-I C npOTOTH-
nOM np301HSlToro ABl-lraTeI1S1 1-1 He AOn>KHa
I-ICKa>KaTb npl-lHI..\HnOB ero YCTpOO1CTBa H
pa60Tbl. 1J.11S1 60nbwei1 Harl1S1AHOCTH B
nepeAHei1 KpblWKe Kopnyca CAel1aHbl
'CMOTpOBble OKHa, 3aKpblTbie nneKCl-lrna-
COM.
POTOp npH ABH>KeHHH CBO"'MI-I BepWH-
HaMH Bce BpeMSI conpHKacaeTCSI co CTeH-
KaMH pa60'le01 n0110CTH H Aenl-lT ee Ha TpH
06"beMa, BenH'I"'Ha KOTOpblX Bce BpeMJI
1013MeHSleTCSI, '1TO H SlBI1S1eTCSI OCHOBO
pa60'lero npor..;ecca pnA.
13

CII!IXpOHI13HPYIOII{alJ WeCTepHIJ 06KaTbIBaerCIJ BOKpyr HenO)l:BIDIC-
HOH WeCTepHH, YCTaHOBJIeHHOH Ha Kopnyce )l:BHraTeJIII. nepe)l:a-
TO'lHOe OTHOWeHHe CIIHXPOlIH311PYlOIl\HX WeCTepeH paBHo 3: 2, H
3a TPH 060poTa aKceHTpHKoBoro BaJIa pOTOp nOBOpa'lHBaeTCIlHa
O)l:I1H 060POT, cOBeprnalJ TPH nOJIHblX paOO'lHX UKJIa. TaKuM
06pa30M, Ha O)l:UH OOOpOT aKceHTpllKoBoro BaJIa npuXO)l:UTCJI
0)1:116 paOO'lUH UKJI.
BepwuHbl TpeyroJIbHOro pOTopa, eHTp KOToporo )l:BlI1KeTCIl no
OKPY1KHOCTU II O)l:HOBpeMeHHo Bpall\aeTCIJ, onUCblBalOT KplIBylO,
Ha3blBaeMYlO anHTpOXOI-IAOH. BHYTpeHHlI1J nOBepxHocTb cTaTopa,
B KOTOpblH YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCIJ pOTOp, BbInOJ1HeHa no aToH KpHBOii.
Ha nepBblH B3rJIIIA M01KeT nOKlI3aTbCIJ, 'ITO H3rOTOBJIeHlle BHYT
peHHeH nOBepXHOCTH CTaTopa npe)l:CTaB.lIeT eOOOH TPY)l:HYIO 3a-
Aa'lY. OAHaKO OHa peUlaeTCIl nYTeM npHMeHeHHIJ HeCJI01KHbIX
npHcnoc06JIeHHH K CYll\eCTBYlOll\llM paCTO'lHbIM H UlJIuctJOBaJIbHbIM
CTaHKaM.
B BepUlHHax pOTopa YCTaHOBJIeHbl ynJIOTHHTeJIbHble JIOnaTKH,
pa3,D,eJIJllOll\He nOJIOCTH. B Ka'leeTBe MaTepHaJIa )l:JIIJ HHX 'Iall\e
Bcero HCnOJIb3yeTcJI rpa!jJHT. Ha OOKOBblX nOBepXHOCTJlX pOTopa
pacnOJI01KeHbI TopeBble ynJIOTHeHHJI.
ra30paCnpeAeJIeHHe B pOTopHo-nopUlHeBOM ABHraTeJIe oCYll\e-
CTBJIlJeTCIJ C nOMOll\blO OKOH. BbInYCKHble OKHa, KaK npaBH.ilO,
)l:eJIalOT B CTaTope. BnYCK M01KeT npoH3BOAIITbCIJ KaK 'Iepe3 CTa-
top, TaK II 'Iepe3 60KOBbie KpbIUlKH. CBe'la 3a1KHraHHIJ YCTaHaB-
JlHHaeTCIJ Ha npOTHBOnOJI01KHOH ra30paenpeAeJIHTeJIbHblM OKHaM
CTeHKe cTaTopa.
LleHTp HI1KeCTH Bpall(alOII{erOCIJ pOTopa )l:BH1KeTCIJ no OKpY1K-
HOCTH, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, B CHCTeMe B0311HKaeT eHTpOOe1KHall CIJ,la,
KOTOPYW ypaBHoBeUlHBaWT cneMaJIbHbJMII npoTHBoBecaMII, Bbl-
nOJIHeHHblll1lI 3a O)l:HO eJIoe C MaXOBMKaMH, pacnOJI01KeHHblMIf
OObl'lHO C ABYX CTOpOH pOTopa.
Pa60'lHH npoecc B pOTopHO-nOpi!IHCBOM )l:BI:raTCJIe OCYII{CCTB-
JllleTCIJ 3a 'ICTblpe TaKTa. npOAOJI1KHTCJIbHOCTb Ka1K)l:Oro TaKTa
npHMeHHTeJIbHO K onpeAeJIeHHOH rpauH pOTopa COCTaBJIJleT
270 0 yrJla nOBopoTa aKceHTplIKoBoro BaJIa, TO eCTb 'IeTblpex-
TaKTHblH MKJI npOIICXOAIIT 3a TplI ooopOTa aKCCHTpHKOBoro
BaJIa.
B HaCTOlIll\ee BpeMJI npOM3BOJJ,CTBOM pOTopHo-nopWHeBblX ,D,BI1-
raTeJIeii 3aHilTO OKOJIO 30 aBTOMOOMJIbHblX M MOTOpHblX ctJlIPM
MMpa. )].Mana30H H3rOTaBJIMBaCMbIX MMII ABMraTeJIeH OXBaTbIBaCT
npaKTH'IeCKM Bce oo.acTH npMMCHeHMJI: CaMOJleTbl, aBTOMOOMJIII,
MOTOHK.bl, ra30HOKOCMJIKM M )l:a1Ke MO)l:CJIII3M.
CTOJIb 6blcTpoe pacnpocTpaHeHMe pOTopHo-nopIllHcBblX ABMra-
TeJIeii TMna BaHKCJIIJ Bbl3BaHO plJAOM MX npeHMYll\eCTB B cpaBHe-
HMM C nopUlHeBblMI-I ABMraTeJIIIMH. nepC'-IeHb Aa1Ke OCHOBMblX M3
HMX He TaK Y1K MaJI: BblCOKalJ ypaBHoBeUleHHOCTb 1I3-3a OTeYT-
CTBMIJ KpMBOUlMnHO-UlaTYHHoro MexaHM3Maj MeHbUlee (Ha
35-40%) oOll\ee KOJIM'IeCTBO AeTaJIeHj MeHbUlall (Ha 35-40%)
ra6apMTHaIJ AJIMHa; MCHbWlIii OO'beM, 3aHHMaeMblii )l:BHraTeJICM
nOA KanOTOM aBTOMOOHJIII, 'ITO n03BOJIlleT nOHH311Tb KanOT,
YJIY'lUlHB 0030pHOCTbj MeHbUlHii (Ha 30-40%) y)l:eJIbHblii Bee
npH HCnOJIb30BaHHH OAHHaKOBblX MaTepHaJIOBj OTCYTCTBHC
CJI01KHOrO MexaHH3Ma ra30paCnpeACJIeHHIJ B 3Ha'lHTCJIbUoii MCpC
ynpOll\acr KOHCTPYKHIO ABHraTCJIIJ B CJIOMj OTCYTCTBHC KJIana-
HOB H nopUlHeii, HKJIH'ICCKII MCHIlIOIl\HX HanpaBJIeHHC ABH)KCHr.IJ,
npHBOAHT K YMeHbUlCHHIO UlYMa paOOTalOll\ero ABHraTCJllJj npH
O,D,I1HaKOBOii CTeneHH C1KaTHIJ rpeOOBaHHIJ K OKTaHOBOMY 'IHeJIY
oeH3HHa HH)Kej HaKOHClt, B03MO)KHOCTb aBTOMaTll3aHH npOH3BOA-
'3
43
5
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PH C. 1. CxeMa nocTpoeHHIl KPH-
BblX HJIHHApa.
<D
P H C. 2. CxeMa nocTpoeHHIl KPH-
BblX pOTOpa.
P H C. 3. Y3eJI ynJIOTHCHHIJ:
I - HJIIIH)l:p, 2 - JIHHHJI ABH1Ke-
RH1I BCpUlHHbl pOTopa, 3 - BKJIa-
)l:bIUl-ynJIOTHIITeJIb, 4 rHe3AO
BK.laAblwa, 5 - npY1KJIHa, 6-
pOTOp.
P II C. 4. POTOp.
Pile. 6. 3KCLlCHTpllKOBblii HaJI.
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P II C. 5. )].cTaJIII ynJIOTHeHHIJ po-
Topa.
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PH C. 7. MaxoBIIK.
40

ulla H COOpKII POTO!>HO-nOpUlHeBbIX )l:BHraTe.JIeA BBH)l:Y npOCTOTbl
IIX KOHCTPYKltHH.
3HaqHTeJibHOe YBeJIHqCHHe HHTepeCa K pOTOpHO-nOpUlHeBbIM
)l:BHraTeJIIIM HaqaJIOCb C 70-x rO,ll,OB, KOr,ll,a B pll,ll,e CTpaH CTaJiH
BBO,ll,HTbCII 3aKOHO,iJ,aTeJIbHble HOpMbl Ha CO,ll,epmaHHe TOKCHqeeKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB B oTpa60TaHHblX .ra3ax ,II,BHraTeJIeii BHYTpeHHero
crOpaHHJI. CHHmeHHe TOKCHqHOCTH Y pn.ll. ,II,OCTHraeTCJI 60JIee
npOCTblMII, a CJIe,ll,OBaTeJIbHO, fl,eUleBbIMH H Ha,ll,emHblMH cpe,ll,-
CTBaMH, qeM Y nopWHeBblX ,II,BHraTeJIeii. 06'bIICHJleTCSI 91'0, BO-
nepBblX, 60JIee BblCOKOii TeMnepaTypoii oTpa60TaHHbIx ra30B, qTO
cYIIiecTBeHHo 06JIerqaCT ,II,OmHraHne OKRCH yrJIepo,ll,a H yrJIeBO-
)l:OpO,ll,OB, H, BO-BTOPbIX, He60JIbUlI!M, He npeBblUlalOIIiHM 3aKOHO-
,II,aTeJIbHble HOpMbl CO,ll,epmaHHeM OKHCJIOB a30Ta.
H Bce me pOTopHo-noplUHeBOMY )].BHraTeJIIO npHCYIl\H HeKOTO-
pble He,ll,OCTaTl(H, c)].epmlmaIOIl\He ero WHpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHelIHe.
l;!anpHMep, MaCCOBoe npOH3BO,ll,CTBO H 9KCnJIyaTaL(HSI aBTOM06il-
JIcii C pn.ll. nOTpe6YlOT TeXHOJlOrnqeCKOrO nepeBoopymeHHSI aBTO-
I\106HJIbHbIX npC,II,npHSITnii H 06CJIY}!(HBaIOIl\HX MaCTepCKHX I{
CTaI-lUHH. .lI.PYI'HMH He,lI,OCTaTKRMH pn.ll. MO.1KHO CqHTaTb C,II,BHr
l\!aKCHMYMa KpYTSIIl\erO MOMelna B CTOPOHY 60JIbUlHX 060POTOB,
q10 BOOOll{C npliCYIl\e ,II,BHraTeJISIM BHYTpeHHero CrOpaIiHSI C pa3-
BHTblMH $a3aMH ra30paCnpe,ll,eJIeHHJI
Ho nee 91'0 BpSI,II, JIH npenllTCTBOBaJIO 6bI paCUlHpeHHIO npOH3-
BO;:!,CTBa Pfl.ll., eCJIH 6bI He rmlBHblii ero He,ll,OCTIlTOK, a HMeHHO,
6MbIlllle (Ha 10-15%) 9KCIJJIyaTaltHOHHble pacxo)].bl MaCJIa I{
Tonmma. nOBblIIJCHHblii pacxo,ll, TOnJIHBa B cpaBHeHHH C nopUlHe-
BblM ,II,BHraTeJIeM HMeeT MeCTO npH Kap6IOpaTopHoM nHTaHHH.
OAHaKo YCJIOBHII, cYIl\eCTBYIOIl\He B pa60qeii nOJIOCTH Pfl.ll.,
n03BO,1111OT C03AaTb TaK Ha3bIBaCMoe nOCJIOMHOe HanOJlIieHHe, a
P it C. 8. llIeCTipl-lSi pOTopa.
P H C. 9. llIenepHII HcnO)].BH>KHaSi.
P Ii C. to. KpblllJKa Kopnyca 3aAHIIII
(II coope).
P H c. 11. Kopnyc ,II,BHraTeJISI.
p I{ c. 12. KpblIllKa Kopnyca ncpcA-
HIIII B c60pe c UJcncpHeit
nOTOM H BOCnJIallleHeHHe 3aplI)].a. PeaJIHilaI.\HII TaKoro pO,ll,a Ie
ponpliSiTHii ,II,OBOAHT 3KOHOMHqHOCTb pn,[J, ,11,0 ypOBHSI cOBpeMeH
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B:.1HKaX KanDTa OT>lpUBanCR YAo6HbiM AOCT,tn K HI1M 13 npOLlCC-
ce 3KcnnyaTal.ll111 11 npl4 peMOHTHblX pa6oTax.
.QsHraTenb «lIeTblpeXCOToro» 11M en CTe!leHb CmaTI1R Bcero
5,8 eAI1HI1l.\bl, pa60Tan Ha 6eH314He C OHTaHOBblM IIl1cnOM 66 14
no TeM BpeMeHaM OTnl1l1anCR 3asiAHoM AOnrDBeYHOCTbHl.
Ero MOHOCTI1 B 23 n. c. npH 3400 06/MI1H BnonHe XBaTano,
IITODbl Ha pOBHOM wocce MaWI1Ha wna co CKOpOCTbto 90 KM/li.
TorAa npl1eMI4CTOCTI1 ee He npl1AaBam1 TaKoro ::HalleHI1R, KaK
cerOAHfI, He 3a6lHwn1Cb 11 0 COnl1j.\HOM 3anace MOI..tIHOCTI1. npl1
nonHOH HarPY3Ke Y «MOCHBl1l1a-400» 13 nepeCLIeTe Ha TOHHY Beca
npl1XOAl1nOCb 20,5 n. c.; y HblHeWHero «3anopomL\a-968» npl1
Tex me ycnoBHRX - BABoe Gonbwe.
.QBl1mEHl1e Ha ym1l.\ax !1 aBTOCTpaAax B TY nopy el..tle He 6bl-
no TaKl1M I4HTeHCHBHblM, KaK ceMlIac, HorAa, HeCMOTpfl Ha orpa-
1-!l1l1eHl1e MaHCI1ManbHOM CKOpOCTI1, BamHO CTapTOBaTb Ha 3e-
neHblM CBeT I1nl1, ynoBl1B YA06HblH MOMeHT, 3Heprl14HO np0l13-
BeCTI1 06rOH aBTonoe3Aa ABaAL\aTl1MeTpOBOM Anl1Hbl. n03TOMY
Ha aBTOM0611ne lIeTBepTbBeKOBOM AaBHOCTI1 13 COBpeMeHHX ycno-
BI1f1X e3A14Tb HenerKO.
3 «MOiJ.e.HcT'KOHCTPYKTOP»,N, 8
,!:\!JBonbHO CHpOMH8f1 npl1eMHCTOCTb «lIeTblpeXCOToro» 06bflC
Hf1naCb TpeXCTYneHLlaTOM Hopo6KOM nepeAC\4 (npl1 lIeTblpex
«CKOpOCTRX» pa3rOH, pa3YMeeTCfI, pe3Eee), KCTcpafl He I1Mena
CI1HXpOHI13aTopOB (nOTepl1 BpeMeHI1 Ha nepeKnto4eHI1e 3aMeA
nRHlT pa3rOH). Pblyar nepeKntoLleHI1f1 AD 1951 rOlla pa3MeanCfI
Ha sepxHeH KpblWHe Kopo61t11 nepeAa4, a n03me 6blll nepeHeceH
Ha pyneBYto KonOHKY.
He06bl'-lHOH lIepToH MaWI1Hbl flBnflfl3Eb He3aBI1CI1Mafi nOA
BeCKa nepeAHI1X Konec TI1na IltoDoHHe. Ha3BaHHan no 11MeHI1
14306peTaTenfl, I\1paHL\Y3CHoro rIJHI1Ka 20-x rOACB, OHa 06ecne-
III1Bana MOneel' HayaHl4e 13 nnCCKOCTH, napannenbHo npoAonbHoH
OCI1 MaWI1Hbl. Q!l4m:MpoBam1 Koneco ABa npOAonbHblX pblllara.
OAI1H AeMCTBOBan Ha npyml1HY, 3aHnto'-leHHYto B Lll1nI1HAPl1l1e-
CKI1H Kopnyc, rAe pa3MeiltanCfI rl1ApaBnl1l1eCKl1M aMOp1l13aTOp
OAHOCTcpOHHero AeHCTBHfI. hOT Homyx OAI-liJEpeMeHHO cnyml4n
pe3epByapoM aMOpTI133TOPHCM ml1AKOCTI1 11 Mor nOBOpaYI4BaTb
Cft OTHOC!1TenbHO WKBCpHfI. IIpyroM pbl'-lar, WapHl1pHO CliflAI4-
HeHHblH C KopnYCOM, nepeAasan Ha Hero peaKTI1BHblC YCl1flVJR
npl1 TopMOmeHI111, HorAa Koneco SMetie C TCpM03NblMI1 HonoA-
HaMI1 11 I1X onopHblM AliCKOM CTpeMJJ10Cb nOBepHYTbcR OTHQ-
CI1TenbHO nepBoro pblLlara.
nO,l1BeCtia 3aAHI1X Konec Ha npoAonbHblx nonY3nnl1!lTI1'-1eCKI1X
peccopax npsAcTaBnflna KOHCTpYKL\l1to, TpaJ\I1LiI10HHYto Anfl MHO
rl1x AeCf1T11neTI1H aBToM0611I1bHO TeXHI1H!1.
A BOT TopM03a 6blnl1 HeCT3HAapTHbIMI1. Bo-nepBblX, rl1ApaB-
nlllLjeCKI4M npl1BoA B Hallane 40-x rOAOB ell\C He nonHOCTbHl
B3f1n Bepx HaA MexaHliLieCKO Cl1cTeMoi1 Tflr, IOIJOMbICen, ypaB-
HMTeneii, TpOCOB. BO-BTOPbIX, Ha «MOCKBI1"1e» lIyrYHHblM TOP
M03HOH 6apa6aH O,!\HOBpeMeHHO cnyml1n 11 cTynl1L\eM, 11 AI4CKOM
Koneca. EapaDaH CI1Aen HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha Wapl1HOBblX nOA-
Wl1nHI1KaX l.janl!1bl nepe/J.HeH nOABeCKl1 I1nl1 me Ha KOHI1'-1eCKoi1
WeMite nonyocl1 3aAHero MOCTa. WmWb[UI KpenneHl1ft Koneca
6bml1 BblHeceHbl Ha MaKCl1ManbHO AonYCTI1MblM KOHCTpYKLll1eH
Al1aMeTp. n03TOMY Koneco BMeCTO npl1BblYHDrO HaM Al1CKa npaH
TI1'-1eCHI1 I1MenO nl4Wb 060A c rHe3MaMI1 AnH raeH. B l.IenOM 113
6paHHaH KOHCTPYKLlI1f1 nOABeCHI1, TOpM03Horo 6apa6aHa 14 Hone
ca 06eCnelll1Bana - Many to Maccy HenoApeccopeHHblX AeTaneM.
liTO nOnOml1TenbHO CKa3blBanOCb Ha YCTOMIII1BOCTI1 MaUJI1Hbl.
.
17

-=o-4JraJi
, "  ..;: ,:'  .,,-,:;':,'.:r.- I
 .-"   .. >''',,11\
'W. ' ' C :,,, '. ,. J ;.,." ' II ' ',. / I
,,::, \:t,>, 
i, ': :.' .
'}{".
P II C. 1. «MOCKBlI'J-400/420A» C KyaoBoM «KaOpI!OJlCT».
P II C. 2. «MOCKBH'J-400/422» t p,CpCBHHHblM KY30BOM «cpyproH».
I

lJeTblpeXMeCTHblH lIeTblpeXABepHblH HY30B 6bln eAenaH Hecy
MM M OTnMllanCfI BblCOKOM npollHocTblO. CTapble aBTOM06Mnl1
CTbl, B lIaCTHOCTI1, OTMe'-lalll1 ero BblCOHYIO YCTOHlIl1BOCTb npOTI1B
KOPP03I1M, 06bflCHFIFI TeM, liTO KY30B flK06bl U3rOTOBnflnl1 M3 ny
HleHOK CTanl1.
Ho OHI1 3a6nYHlAanl1Cb. HPblnbfl, cKPyrneHI1f1 HY30Ba I1Menl1
BblnYHnble Hpl1BOnl1HeHHble $OpMbI. HepeAHO nocne CBapKI1 Ha
HMX nOflBnflnl1Cb HepOBHOCTI1, KOTOpble CT3HOBI1nMCb nocne
OKpaCHI1 OlleHb 3aMeTHblMI1 M c03AaBalll1 BneLfaTneHl1e «MflTOM»
nOBepXHOCTI1. nOCKOnbHY MaCWTa6b1 np0l13BOIICma TorAa Dbllllf
OTHOCI1TenbHO HeBenl1KI1 - MeHee COTHM MaWI1H B AeHb, -
TO AeljleKTbl MCnpaBnflnl1Cb AOBOnbHO TPYAOeMKI1M CnOCODOM -
3aLll1CTKOH HaHlAallHblMI1 KPyraMI1 11 HannaBKOM B HYHlHblX Me-
CTaX OnOBflHI1CTblM CnnaBOM. nOli 'lac 3TI1 «3annaTbl» 6blnl1 IIO
BonbHO 60nbWl1e, liTO M BBOAl1nO B 3a6nYHIAeHI1e aBTOM06Hnl1
CTOB npM peMOHTe CTapblX «MDCKBI1'-1eM». Pa3YMeeTCfI, npM
npOM3BOAcTBe COBpeMeHHblX nerKOBblX MaWI1H Ha PI1XTOBKY 11
HannaBKY nOLfTI1 HeT BpeMeHI1, a IIT06bl M36eHl3Tb BHeWHI1X
AeljleKToB, TaTenbHO oTpa6aTbiBalOT TeXHOnOr.,1O WTaMnOBKH If
CBapKI1 KY30BHblX naHeneM.
HY30B «LfeTblpeXCOToro» He MMen OTOnl1Tenfi 11 paAl10npl1eM
Hlma, TaH npl1BblllHblX Anfl cerOAHflWHero aBTOM06I1nfl. CTeK
nOOLfI1CTI1Tenb npl1BOAl1nCfI B AeHCTBl1e He 3neKTpOMOTOpOM,
a rM6KMM BanOM OT ABl1raTenfi. 3TO Ha nepBblM B3rnfiA p3l-l110-
HanbHoe peWeHl1e I1MenO OAI1H BaHlHblH MI1HYC. B ClinbHblM
AOHIAb I1nl1 CHer, KorAa Aopora CTaHOBl1naCb CKonb3KOH 11 He
BonbHO npMXOAl1nOCb MATI1 Ha ManOH CKOpOCTI1, BcneACTBl1e Ma
norD IIl1cna 060POTOB ABl1raTenfi «ABOpHI1KI1» pa60Tan", MeAneH.
HO .... He ycneBanl1 OLfI4aTb CTeKno.
HOHCTPYKTOPbl 3aBOAa nOCTOflHHO cOBepweHcTBoBanM «MoCK.
B....II». C CepeAI1Hbl 1949 rOAa OHI1 BBenM Ij1l1nbTp TOHKOM OLJMCT.
.8
KM Macna, HompblH nOBblCI111 CPOH cnYHl6bl MOTopa. C 1952 ro
Aa HallanaCb YCTaHOBKa 3aAHero MOCTa C 60nee AonrOBellHblMM
nOAWI1ntiMKaMI1 M nonYOCflMI1. B 1954 rOAY 3aBOA npOBen MO-
AepHI13av.1O ABl1raTenfl, nOBblCI1B ero MOHOCTb AD 26 n. c. npl1
4 TbiC. 06/MMH. Bbipocna AD 6,27 eAI1HI1ti.bl CTeneHb CHlaTI1f1.
MaWI1Ha nonYIIKII3 HCBoe PyneBoe Honeco, pbl4ar PYLJHOrO TOp-
M03a nepeKO'leBan C nona nOA n8Hellb npl160poE. Bee 3TM I'm.
BOBBeAeHI1f1 HaWnl1 OTpaHleHl1e B MH):\eKce MaWI1Hbl - 401.
BnpolleM, HaAO CllenaTb pa3bflCHCHl1e. «MOCKBMIlIi» TorAa Hee-
nl1 ABOMHOH I1HJ\eKC: nepS8f1 L\11i!Jpa 03HB'lBna MOAenb ABl1raTe-
nJl, a BTopafl - MOAHllutKaL\111O HY30na. nOMI>!MO 6a30Boro 3a-
KpblTOrO HY30Ba Tl1na «cellaH» (eMY CGOTBeTcTByeT L\l1lj1pa 420),
3aBDA CTpOl1n «MOCKBWil1-400/420A» C nemOBblM Ky30BOM,
Y KOToporo 6pe3eHToBafi Kpblwa Morna cKnaAblBaTbCfI, a 60HO-
BI1MbI 6bllll1 HleCTKI1MI1. TaKoH KY300 Ha3blSanl1 Ka6pl1oneToM.
HpaTKl1e eBCAeHI1f1 06 3TMX MaWi1HaX npHseAeHbl B Ta6nl1L\e.
HpoMe Toro, H3 waccl1 «MocHBHlla-400» CTaay.nl1 KY30Ba Tl1na
«!jJyproH» (I1X o603HaLfanl1 1IV.ljlpoH 422) rPY30n0/.1beMHOCTblO
200 Kr. .l:\epesflHHble 6PYCbfl KapKaca M $l1neHKI1 "3 6aHenl1-
3MpOBaHHOM ljIaHepbl npl1AaSanl1 aBTOMD6Mn!'lM cBceo6pa3HblM BI1A.
3aSOA HaMepeB311CfI Ha OCHOBe ljIyproHII BbmYCHaTb 11 MaWI1-
HY C IlflTI1ABepHblM HY30BOM Tl1na «YHHBepcan», eMY npl1CBOl1nl1
MHAeKC 400/421, B 1947 rOAY 6bJnO nOCTpneHO HeCHonbKO
OnblTHblX 06pa3L\OB.
BHewHe «MOCHBI1I1-400/420» K HOHL\Y 40-x rOAOB BblrnfiAen
HeCHOllbKO YCTapeBWI1M. H YHle B 1948 ro,tJ.Y, Lfepe3 rOA nocne
OCBoeHlifi Cepl1HHOrO np0l13BOACTB1I MaWI1H Ha 3MA KOHCTPYK-
TOpbl C03Aanl1 «06naropOHleHHblH» Bapl1aHT KY30sa, KOTOPblH MMen
MHAeKC 424. Ha HeM npl1MeHMnM KanOT «annl1raTOpHoro» Tl1na
"1.y __
rh
.
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L
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"''''A _
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.
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P H C. 3. 9KcnCpHMCliTa.nbHblH «MOCKBHIJ-40t/424».
(KaM Ha «nODeAe»), 3anaCHoe Moneco pa3MeCTMnl1 rOpI13f1HTanb
HO nOA 6araHlHI1KOM, Kanl1TallbHO 113MeHI1nl1 Bce HapYHlHbie na-
Henl1, coxpaH.IB, cAHaKo, npeHlHI1M Kopnyc KY30Ba, CTOMKI1,
npoeMbI IIBepeH, KPbIWY.
lJT06bl BHeAPI1Tb 3TI1 HOBWeCTBII B cePHMHoe npDI13BOACTBD,
HaAO tiblllO 113rOTOBMTb WTaMnbl. CaMoCTofiTenbHo 3MA TorAa B
KOpOTKl1e CpOKI1 He Mor 3Toro CAenaTb, a APyrl1e 3aBOAbI CaMI1
rOTOBMnl4Cb H np0l13BOACTBY HOBbtx M3WMH. CnOBOM, «MOCHBMII»
C MOAepHI1314pOBaHltbiM BHeWHI1M BI1AOM He Aowen AD HOH-
BeMepa.
HapfiAY C pa60TaMM no KY30SY cnelll1anl1CTbI 3aBo,!\a pa3-
pa6aTbiBanl1 HOBbie ABl1raTenl1. YHle B 1950 rOAY POAI1T1CSI
OnblTHblM MOTOp C TaK Ha3blBaeMbiM CMewaHHblM pacnonoHle-
HMeM KnanaHIiB (BepxHKe - BnYCHHble, HMHlHl1e - BblnYCH-
Hble). OH pa3BMsan MOHOCTb 37 n. c. n03H1e, B 1952 rOAY,

l

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e;
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<-. ....,."'" .......r,- - " .  .".
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--',,"."." ..,:-,:::,!>-". -
f,- ::'" 
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P H C. 4. «MOCKBH'j-400/424» C onbITHblM KY30BOM «Kync».
'#
I ' ..'- '. _-to
L"-:,..:No'l'<""""""-,",,,- . >; 
c'7:c?",/;t:'" :
,.,' . ,,i':;,:,:,,':,'£m '
., ,:ill}''''': ;:or _,,:>:j >\ ..r:"-" . . .
. " ryttHIf.t1f.{""-""j' " 6 '" :-;". ,'''"' "."" -.
_i'i.::.' _  .-;-..;:o:'i: _ -;;:;)- .- __..;;-r,-./h'"
i' _,-....  .. ...-' - : ;  '
; _: 'to_." ::- ..-#....  -
»,' , ,:. -
P H C. 5. «MOCKBH1J:.404-CnopT».
6blna C03AaHa APyrafl KOHCTpYKI..II1f1 BepxHeKnanaHHoro ABl1ra-
TenH, KOTOPblM 6a311poBancfI Ha 6noKe I..Il1nl1HAPOB aBToMo611nH
«MocKBI1'1-400». EMY npl1CBOl1nl1 I1HAeKC 404. npl1 pa60lleM
o6beMe 1074 CM 3 OH pa3BI1Ban MOHOCTb 38 n.c. npl1
4200 06/MI1H.
B 1954 rOAY pOAl1nCfI APyroH, 60nee cOBepweHHbli1, TOHie
BepxHeHnanaHHblH ABl1raTenb. OH nonYLfl1n I1HAeKC 405 11 npM
pa60lleM o6beMe 1090 CM 3 pa3BI1Ban MOl..t\1-I0CTb OKono 40 n. c.
Ero OTnHllanl1 antoMI1HI1eBblH 6noK I..Il1nI1HAPOB, OLleHb HOpOTKl1e
WT3Hrl1 npl1BOAa KnanaHOB, npl1BOj.j pacnpeAenl1TenbHOro Bana
ABYXPHAHCi1 pOnl1HOBOM lIenblO, MeHbWI1M, lIeMAl1aMeTpl..ll1nl1H-
Apa, XOA nopWHH.
OAHaKo 11 TOT 11 APyroH ABl1raTenl1 Tpe6oBanl1 nOCTpOMKI1
HOBoro Llexa MOTOPOB, nOCHonbKY Heo6xOAI1Mbl 6blnl1 HOBbie
CTaHHI1 11 OCHaCTKa. 3aBDA TorAa rOTOBl1nCH K BbmYCKY «MoCK-
Bl1l1a-402» 11 B3f1TbCH cpa3Y 3a ABa 60nbWI1X Aena He Mor.
3KCnepl1MeHTbl C ABl1raTenf1MI1 wnl1 B Hory C OnblTHblMM pa-
60TaMI1 no CnOpTI1BHblM aBTOM061nHM. Yme B ljIeBpane 1949 ro
..
PH C. 6. «MOCKBH1J:.405.f2».
'1, (r o """ - ,:
!. ,'_ . E: 'i.;
"',, -
...,::"';'
j;'i"....c _,7 ,t.l&" :.;;;;f'
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3*
A3 3aBIJA EbICT3BI1J1 Cep!>IMHbIH «MOCKBI14-400/420» H3 311MHile
rOHKI4 MocKBa - M.ulcK - MocKBa. Pe3ynbTaT - nepBoe
MeCTO B CBoeM Knacce M Bcecoto3HblH peKoPA Ha IIMCTaHI1H
1000 KM - 83,8 KM/II.
HorAa B cneAYIOeM rOAY BnepBble 6b," p33blrpaH lIeMnl10"
HaT CCCP no aBTorOHllaM, nepBblM CHOBa 6b1n «MOCKBI1I1» c ce..
PI4HHblM KY30BOM 11 OnblTHblM ABl1raTeneM, I1MeBWI1M CMewaHHOB
11
l'
16
15 
14 
13
7
12
OpraHbJ ynpaBJIeHHH H npHOOpbJ aBTOM06HJIH «MOCKBHQ-400»
pepBbIx BbmYCKOB (B J(aJIbHeflIlieM nepQaT01J:Hble HIIJ:HKH HMeJIli
npHMoyrOJIbHble MeTaJIJIIIQeCKlie KpblIIIKII C ropH30HTaJIbHbIMH
MOJIAHHraMH H He60JIbIIIHMH a60HHTOBblMH pY1J:KaMH 1J:epHOrO
UBeTa): "
I - 3aMoK 3a1lmraHHHj 2 - KOM6HHaUHH npll6opoB (6eH3HHo-
Mep, MaCJIHHblH MaHoMeTp); 3 - KHonKa THfH nOAcoca; 4 -
ueHTpaJlbHbIH nepeKJlI01J:aTeJlb CBeTa; 5 - nepeKJlI01J:aTeJlb CBeTa
npll6opHoro IIJ:HTKa; 6  pbl1J:ar pYQHOrO TopMo3a; 7 - KHonK3
cTapTepa; 8 - ne.ll.aJlb aKCeJlepaTopa; 9 - ne.ll.aJlb HO}KHOro
TopMo3a; 10 - ne.ll.aJlb C1\enJleHHH; 11 - H01lU!OH nepeKJIlO1J:a-
TCJlb CBeTa; 12 - pbl1J:ar nepeMeHbl nepe.ll.a1J:; 13 - pYJleBoe KO-
neco; 14 - KOHTpOJIbHaH JlaMna sapHAKH aKKYMYJlHTopa; 15 -
KHonKa 3BYKOBoro CHrHaJla; 16 - cnHAoMeTp; 17 - BKJlI01J:a-
TeJlb CTeKJlOO1J:HCTIITeJleH.
pacnOnOnleHl1e KnanaHOB. ApyroM TaKoH Hie MOTOp CTOHn Ha
3KcnepMMeHTanbHoM «MoCKBl1l1e-424», KOTOPblH Ij1I1HI1Wl1pOBan
TpeTbl1M.
B 1951 rOAY nc6eAa Ha nepBet!CTBe CTpaHbl fJblna OAepmaHa
H3 MaWI1He, oCHaeHHoH (Ha pl1CYHHe ycnoBHo Ha3BaHa
«404-CnoPT») peKOHCTpYl1pOBaHHblM ABl-lraT,eneM MOAenl1 400
C amOMI1HI1eBOH ronoBKoi1, nOBblweHHoM AO 6,8 eA11HI1L1bl CTe
neHblO CmaTI1H, YBenl111eHHblM pa6011l1M c6beMoM 11 60nbWI1M
pa3MepOM BnYCKHoro KnanaHa. HorAa B anpene 1956 rOJla 3MA
HaLian BbmycKaTb «MOCKBI1'!I1-402», TO I1X 35-cl1nbHblH ABI1-
raTenb pa6011l1M o6beMoM 1220 CM 3 6btn MHOrl1M 06f13aH
34-cl1nbHoMY MOTOPY 1951 rOAa.
BatHHo OTMeTI1Tb nOfiSneHl1e B 1951 rOAY Ha rOHKax
«MocKBMLJa» C ABYXMeCTHblM KY30BOM Kyne (MOAHI!II1KaI..lI1H KY-
30Ba 424) 11 ABl1raTeneM, I1MeBWI1M CMewaHHoe pacnOnOtHeHl1e
19

tmanaHOB, Ha 3ToM M8WI1He (H8 pMCYHKe ycnoBHo 1i<l3maHa
«400/424 Hoyne») 6bln0 3aBoeBal-!0 BTopoe !\teCTO Ha lIeMnllJO"
HaTe CCCP 1951 rOAa.
1953 rOA 6blJl CTMelleH nOi1laneHl1eM 1-13 nepBeHcTBe CCCP
«MoCKBMlla» c CelJl1HHblM HY3CI3!!M M AlmraTClleM 404. Snep..
BMe B CTpaHe B 3TOM Morepe 6b11111 YCTaHooneHbl lIeTb!pe Hap"
6KJpaTOpa - no OAHOMY Ha KiimAblM LlMn&1Hs.!p. Mm.l.lHOcT:' Bbl"
pocna C 38 AO 55 n. c. Ho co CTonb MOI1\HblM MOTOPOM CTa..
Pbl" «MOCKBI1'-I» OHa3anCR TPYAHoynpaEIlf!eMbIM. B TO me Bpe..
Mft IJTK83bISaTbCf! DT na60paTOpl-ll1 Ha Konecax Ami M!:l1blTafll1R
HIiBblX ABl1raTelleM B ycnOBI1RX rOHOIi He XOTenOCb. nO:iTOMY
"eCtIOH 1954 rOAa Ha ccpaSHOBaHMf!X mJRBI1l!GR «MOCKBI14"
CnopT», c 60nee HI131WIM l.IeHTpCF>1 Tl'imeCTI1 M 60llee CDoepweH"
HblMM xapaHTepl1CTI1K8MI1 ynpasnfieMOCTM.
[cmt «MOCKBI1'1-Cnoj)T» 61::!i! CCHiieH MOTCpGM 404 (no3me
Ha HeM HcnblTblBanWCb 11 APyrMe ABl1raTem'l), TO POAiUIWI1MCR
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30
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pa3Mepbl 1,4-1,6 M.
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naHeneH (nY'lwe Ha BepXHeHI YCTa!lOIlHTe
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KnlO'I H KHOI'iKY 3anYCKa. Hennoxo, ecnH
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