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HeHMe B ropOA, BMeao Toro IIT06bl GemaTb Ha TaHl.\bl. B TeaTp
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'ITO oceHblO 1950 rOA!!, 0 nepMoA nnaSilHMH Ha rBap,qeHcKoM
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no 3aMa3y qeHTpanbHoro eocHHo-MopcKoro MY3eH OH c03AaeT
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nocne noro dleAopOB, KaK 6bl npoGYH CBOH B03MomHocTH
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cepOHpOBaHHblH CTOI1, KaM6y3 C 6a'lKaMH, MRCOpy6KOH 101 pa3-
,qenOl/HbiMH CTonaMH, BH,qeH 101 I\paCHblH yrol10K. Mo,qenb 3neKT-
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npoAonmaeT TPYAHTbCR HaA MOAenRMH.
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nYT ErO KOPA6JiEJit
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eKTHb!X 1100 Ii CKOpOCTb 14,45 Y3na BMec-
TO 14 no npoeKTY. BoopY>Ket-lH COCTOflnO
H3 p,Byx 120-MM, 4eTbipex 75-MM Opyp,I1H
11 4eTbipex nyneMeTOB. 3Kl1na>K HaC4HTbl-
Ban 128 4cnOBeH.
B 1911 rop,y "Kapc» BMeCTe C KaHno,!!,-
KOH "App,araH» COBepWl1n nepexop, 113
KpOHWTap,Ta no Mapl1l1HCKOH CHCTeMe H
no Bonre B ACTpaxaHb. Bo BpeMfI nepBoH
Ml1pOBOH 101 rpa>Kp,aHCKOH BOHH 60nbwe-
aI1CTCKa rpynna Kopa6nfl Bena aKTI1BHYIO
pa60TY no nop,rOTOBKe BoopY>KeHHOrO
BoccTaHH 101 YCTaHoBneHl11O COBeTcKoH
BnaCTH B A3ep6aHP,>KaHe,
KaHnop,Ka Y4aCTBoBana B Bblcap,Ke p,e-
caHTOB B paHoHax neTpoBcKa 11 ,lI,ep6eH-
Ta (1918 r.) 11 B 3H3enl1HCKOH onepa41111
(1920 r.),
19 Mafl 1920 rop,a npl1Ka30M HapKoM-
BoeHMopa A3ep6aHp,>KaHCKOH COBeTcKoH
Pecny6nl1KI1 KaHoHepcKoH nop,Ke npI1CBO-
I1nl1 HMfI "J1eHI1H)}, B rop,bl Benl1HOH OTe-
4eCTBeHHOH BOi1Hbl Kopa6nb, BXO,!!,I1BWI1H
B COCTaB KaCnl1HCKOH BOCHHOH (j>nOTl1nl1l1,
KOHBOl1pOBan cyp,a C BOHCKaMI1, TeXHI1KOH,
roplO4l1M. OH oTpa3Hn 17 aTaK (j>aWI1CT-
CKI1X caMoneTOB, c611B Op,I1H 1'13 HI1X.
B nocneBoeHHblH nepl1op, KaHnO,!!,Ka HC-
nonb30BanaCb KaK Y4e6Hoe Cyp,HO,
n04CTHoe MeCTO B I1CTOpl1H OTe4eCTBeH.
Horo BoeHHo-MopCKoro ClJnoTa 3aHI1Maer
3CKap,peHHbIH MHHOHoce4 "J1eHI1H)}. 3TOT
cnaBHblH Kopa6nb 6b1n nOCTpoeH B
1916 rop,y Ha nYTl1noBcKoH Bep(j>11 B ne-
Tep6ypre 101 Ha3BaH "Kanl>lTaH !lf3bln-
MeTbeB)}.
3cMI1He4 Y4acTBoBan B nOCTaHOBKe
MI1HHblX 3arpa>Kp,eHI1H B I-1p6eHcKoM 3a-
nHBe 11 OKono OCTpOBa CaapeMaa, BMeCTe
<: APyrHMI1 Kopa6nflMI1 COBepWl1n nereH-
p,apHblH nep,OBblH nepexop, 113 renbCI1Hr-
(j>opca e KpoHwTap,T, 31 p,eKa6pfl
1922 rop,a nO hpocb6e 3KHna>Ka npMKa-
30M PeBBoeHCOBeTa Pecny6nl1KI1 3CMI1H-
4Y 6blnO npl1CBOeHO 11M'" "J1eHI1H».
B 1925 rop,y B COCTaBe 3cKap,pbl 6anTl1H-
CKoro (j>nOTa OH COBepWl1n 3arpaHI14HblH
noxop, OT KpOHWTa,!!,Ta ,!!,O KHn H 06paT-
HO. Y4aCTBOBan B BOHHe C 6eno(j>I1HHaMH
(1939-1940 rr.),
BenHKa OTe4ecTBcHHafl BOHHa 3aCTana
3CMHHe4 B nopTY J1Henafl Ha peMoHTc.
Typ6HHbi Kopa6n 6blnH pa306paHbl, 11,
4T06bl OH He p,OCTanCfI cpi!WI1CTaM.
KOMaH,!!,a B30pBana ero,
nepBblM Cyp,HOM COBeTCKoro ToprOBoro
cpnOTa, Ha3BaHHbiM B 4eCTb Bna,!!,HMl1pa
I-1nbl14a ew,e npH ero >KH3HH, 6bln nHHeH-
HblH ncp,OKon, nOCTpoeHH:"IH B 1916 rop,y
no 3aKa3Y pyccKcro npaBI1TenbCTBa B
AHrnHI1 ("CB. AleKcaHp,p HeBcKHH»).
B aBrycTe 1921 rop,a eMY no npocb6e
3KHna>Ka p,anH HM «J1eHHH». ,lI,onroe
BpeM OH Hec repoH4ecKYlO cnY>K6y B
ApKTHKe. B 1959 ro,qy B CB3H C BBO,qOM
B CTpOH nepBoro B Ml1pe aTOMHoro ne-
p,oKona "J1eHI1H» BeTepaHY npHCBoHnH
HMfI "Bnap,HMHp I-1nbI14)},. ,lI,0 _cnHcaHH Ha
cnOM B 1968 rop,y OH pa60Tan Ha LJep-
HOM Mope,
Ha KacnHH HM "J1eHI1H» ,!!,onrl1e rop,bl
HOCHn 1 0-Tblc4eToHHbIH TaHKep KaCnl>lH-
CKoro napoxo,qCTBa, nOCTpoeHHblH Ha 36-
Bop,e "KpaCHoe COpMOBO» B 1930 ro,!!,y.
Ha3BaHHe «!lfnbI14)} nonY4Hn BOCCTaHOB-
neHHblH B O,qecce B 1921 rop,y 7000-TOH-
TexnUlr,a nltTUneTKU ,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv\fVVVVV\,I'VV\
  -, /-}.
J""'''.:&
.. . 1r..i9"$-'i --.-.....  /
1;- -.,.... - . _____ J-i:. -=--=--
// ---
EOJlblllHe MOp03HJlbHble pbl60JlOBHble
TpayJlepbl (EMPT), cHa61KeHHblC CJlO1KHbllll
'fexHIf'leCKHIII KOlllnJleKCOM CY}./.OBOH, }./.o-
6blBalO/.QeH, 06pa6aTblBalO/.QeH H XOJlOAIfJlb-
HOM TexHHKH, 06eCne'lHBa1OT J10B pbI6b1,
e nOJlHYIO nepepa60TKY B BbiCOKOKa'le-
CTBeHHYIO npoAYK,-\HIO If }./.ocTaBKY B J11060H
hOpT MHpa. B OTe'leCTBeHHOM TpaJlOBOIII
clJJlOTe cy}./.a 3Toro THna nOJlY'lHJlH nOBce-
lIIeCTHoe pacnpoCTpaHeHlfe.
EMPT «JIeHHHe,-\)} npe}./.CTaBJlHeT co-
60ii OAHOBHHToBoe CY}./.HO co cneUHclJH'I-
HOM clJopllloii KOplllOBOH OKOHe'lHOCTH,
HMelOw,eH CJlHn }./.J1H nOA"bellla TpaJla C
YJlOBOM. CY}./.HO }./.ByxnaJly6Hoe, C }.I.J1HHHOH
Ha}./.CTpoiiKOii. B cpe,ll,Heii ero '1aCTH pac-
hOJlO1KeHO MalIlHHHoe oT}./.eJleHHe C }./.H3eJlb-
HOH CHJlOBOii yCTaHoBKoii, B HOC OT Hero -
}./.Ba rpY30BblX TplOllla, B KOPIllY - OJl,HH.
B HOCOBoii 4aCTH Ha BepXHeH naJly6e pa3-
Me/.QeHbI HKopHoe YCTPOHCTBO, C 6palllnH-
J1eM, Kan }./.J1H CXOJl,a B CJlY1Ke6Hble nOllle-
/.QeHHH H Jl,Be rpY30Bble KOJlOHHbI C rpy-
30BblMIt CTpeJlaMH It J1e6eJl,Ka1llH AJIH BbI-
rpY3KH E!bI60npo}./.YK,-\HH. B Cpe,ll,HeH Ha}./.-
6
5MPT «AEHJAHE»
CTpOHKC cocpe}./.OTO'leHbI Ky6pHKH, Ka1ll6Y3,
K3IOT-KOMnaHHH, CTOJlOBbIe M «nOJl,C06KH».
HOCOBaH H KoplllOBaH py6KH pacnOJlO1KeHbl
Ha 1IIJ1lOnO'lHOii naJly6e. B nepBOH H3 HHX
pyJleBaH, IIITyplllaHCKaH H paAHopy6KH,
KanHTaHCKaH H TPH OJl,HOllleCTHble KalOTbl,
BO BTOpoii - cJly1Ke6Hble nOMew,eHHH, a
HaA HHMM e/.Qe O,ll,Ha py6Ka, KoplllOBaH
3BapHHHaH.
B npOMblCJIOBOe 060pYJl,OBaHHe, Haxo-
}./.H"J,eeCH B KOplllOBOH '1aCTIf BepXHeH na-
MOAeJlb 61\'1.PT «JIeHHHe'-\»
I - KOHCTPYKTllBHaH BaTepJlHHlIH, 2 
HHIlla HKopHoro KJlI03a, 3 - RKOpb
XOJlJla, 4 - 6YKCllPHblH KJlI03, 5 -
KllnOBaH nJlaHKa, 6 - <jJoKa-llITar, 7 -
<jJaJlb1lI6opT, 8 - lllBapToBHblH KJlI03,
9 - KpynIblH llJlJlIOMIJHaTOp, 10-
llITopMnopTHKIf, II - Karr BXO,ll,a, 12 -
rpY30BaH KOJlOHKa, 13 - ToneHaHT-Ta-
J1H, 14 - rpY30BaH CTpeJla, 15 - Ha,ll,-
cTpoMKa, 16 - OCBeTHTeJlbHaR J1IOCTpa,
J1y6bl, BXO}./.HT Jl,Byx6apa6aHHaH 3J1eKTplt-
4eCKRH TpaJlOBaH J1e6eAKa, nO}./.BeCHblC
6J10KH, HanpaBJlHIOw,He POJlHKH. KOpMoBble
rpY30Bble KOJlOHHbl co cTpeJJaMH, CJlHn,
TpaJlOBble pacnopHbIe Jl,OCKH. 3j\,ecb 1KC
ItlllelOTCH TPH J1IOKa }./.J1H no}./.a'lH pbl6b1 H
J1IOK KopllloBoro rpY30Boro TplOMa. J1IOKH,
pacnOJlO1KeHHbIe B Jl,HaMeTpaJlbHOH nJloc-
KOCTH, 6eeKoMHHrcHblc, BbmOJlHeHHblC
3anO}./.J1H,-\0 C AepeBHHHblllf HaCTItJlOM na-
J1y6bl.
17 - HOCOBaH py.'leBaH py6Ka, 18 -
60pTOBOH OTJlllQllTeJlbHbIM <jJoHapb, 19
rrpmKeKTop, 20 - HaKTOY3 KOMrraca Ha
rr,'\O/.Qa,AKe, 21 - J1eepHOe orpa}K}./.eHlle,
22 - cToHKa no}./. paAHoJloKallHoHHYIO
aHTeHHY, 23 - aHTeHHa pa}./.HOJlOKaTO-
pa, 24 - TpexorropHaH MaQTa, 25 
aHTeHHa paAI-IOrreJleHraTOpa, 26 - aH-
TeHHa, 27 -. CTeHbra, 28 - panlloaH-
TellHa, 29 - CHll}KeHne pa.QnoaHTeHHbI,
30 - IllTbIpeBaH aHTeHHa, 31 - BaHTH,
32 - rpoT-Ma4Ta, 33 - <jJaJI ra<jJeml,

.-
cnABHoro HMEHH
g1,.....
. .. ( .
IIJa.!t
1IIIIft
HblH rpY30-naCCa)/(HpCKHH napoxoA «Be-
'Ie», cnyw,eHHblH Ha BOAY B 1895 roAY,
B 1931 rOAY CYAHO nepeBenH Ha ,lI,anb-
HHH BOCTOK. ,lI,o cBoeH rH6enH B 1944 ro-
AY B OAHOM H3 nopToB CWA «l-1nbH4» 06-
cnY)/(HBan COBeTCKoe npHMopbe, COBep-
KaHOHepCltaJl
JIOAKa
«JIeHHH.

<

'- 
.


-
wan peHCbl B 7InoHHIO H
KHTaH. B 1946 rOAY ero
HM nepeAanH HOBOMY
CYAHY - rpY30-naCCa)/(HpCKoMy Tennoxo
AY «KapH6H», nonY4eHHoMY COBeTcKHM
COlO30M nocne OKOH4aHH BOHHbl. 3a 05
p a3 4 0B oe BblnOnHeHHe rocYAapcTBeHHblx
3aAaHHH H 6e3aBapHHHoe nnaBaHHe B T-
)/(enblX ycnoBHx TennoxoA «l-1nbH4» 6bln
Harpa)/(AeH 0PAeHaMH J1eHHHa, T PYAOBO-
ro KpacHoro 3HaMeHH H KpacHOH 3Be3Abl.
nocne KOH4HHbi BnaAHMHpa I-1nbH4a
Ha3BaHHe «naMTb J1eHHHa» nOBHnOCb
Ha 60PTY rpY30-naCCa)/(HpCKOro napoxoAa
«KHwHHeB», nocTpoeHHoro B 1910 rOAY.
J1eToM 1927 rOAa CYAHO He3aKOHHO 3a-
Aep>KanH B HaHKHHe 6enoKHTaHcKHe Bna-
CTH. COBeTcKHX MOpKOB CHnOH corHanlol
Ha 6eper, a napoxoA B30pBanH.
B 1928 roAY COBeTcKoe npaBHTenbcTBo
A06Hnocb OCB060)/(AeHH He3aKOHHO
apeCTOBaHHblX MOpKOB.
Ha3BaHHe «naMRTH I-1nbH4a» npOCBOHnH
B 1939 roAY rpy30BoMY napoxoAY, no-
cTpoeHHoMY no 3aKa3y B repMaHHH. OH
HMen BOAoH3Mew,eHHe 60nee 20 TbIC. l' H
n03)/(e 6bln nepe060PYAoBaH B pb16006-
pa6aTblBalOw,ylO 6a3Y, B TO BpeM caMYIO
KpynHYIO B COCTaBe COBeTCKoro npOMblC-
110Boro cpnOTa.
B HaWH AHH C HMeHeM J1eHHHa Ha 60p-
TY nnaBalOT HeCKonbKO rpY30BblX, Pb160-
npOMblcnOBblX H pe4HbiX CYAOB. CpeAH HHX
cYAa 6al1THHCKOro napOXOAcTBa «J1e-
HHH» H «BnaAHMHp I>'1nbH4», cpnarMaH pe4-
Horo cpnOTa AH3enb-,lI1eKTpoxOA «J1eHHH»,
pe4Hbie naCCa)/(HpCKHe TennoxoAbl «Bna-
AHMHp V1nbH4» H «l-1nbH4»,
ECTb HeMano H APyrHx 3aMe48TenbHbiX
Kopa6neH H CYAOB caMblX pa3nH4Hbix TH-
nOB H KnaCCOB, HM KOTOpblX CBR3aHO C
BnaAHMHpOM V1nbH4eM. npe>KAe Bcero 31'0
aTOMHaR 110AKa H rpY30S0e CYAHO «J1e-
HHHCKHH KOMCOMOn», nnae6a3a «J1eHHH-
CKa HCKpa», TpaHcnopTHblH pecppH)/(epa-
TOp «J1eHHHcKHe rOpbl», TYH4enOBHa 6a-
3a «J1eHHHcKHH nY4», nnaB6a3a «J1eHHH-
CKHH nYTb», TaHKepbl «J1eHHHcKoe 3HaM»
H «3aBeTbl I-1nbH4a».
OAHa H3 aTOMHblX nOABOAHblX nOAOK
HaweH CTpaHbl HOCHT. HM "J1eHHHe4».
TaK me Ha3blBanc nOABOAHblH MHHHblH
3arpaAHTenb THna «J1", nOCTpoeHHblH B
1933 rOAY.
CerOAHR Haw paCCKa3 0 60nbWOM MO-
p03HnbHOM pbl60nOBHOM Tpaynepe «J1e-
HHHe4».
31'0 CYAHO C MOMeHTa nOCTpOHKH B
1968 roAY pa60TaeT Ha ,lI,;nbHeM BOCToKe
B pbl60nOBe4KoM KonX03e HMeHH
B. 1-1. J1eHHHa.
KOMcoMonbCKo-MOnOAe>KHbIH 3KHna>K
KOMMYHHCTH4eCKoro TpYAa 3Toro Tpayne-
pa Y>Ke 12 neT B03rnaBnReT 3HaTHblH Pbl-
6aK KaM4aTKH KanHTaH AanbHero nnaBa-
HH, KaBanep opAeHa TpYAoBoro KpaCHO-
ro 3HaMeHH BHKTOp naBnOBH4 ry6aHOB.
nOA ero PYKOBOACTBOM 3KHna>K cYAHa
BcerAa A06HBanc 60nbwHx npoH3BOA-
Cl'BeHHblX ycnexoB, AOCp04HO BbInOnH11
3aAaHH nTHneTOI(.
6AAPT "J1eHHHe4» AOCp04HO cnpaBHnc
C nnaHOM no A06bl4e pbl6bl 4eTbipex neT
AecToi1 nTHneTKH, Ero 3KHna)/( perynp-
HO BbInOnHeT nnaH nOBa pbl6bl, BbICO-
KHe npoH3BoAcTBeHHbie nOKa3aTenH AO-
cTHrHYTbl 6naroAap oTnH4HOH OpraHl13a-
4HH TpYAa H Bb!COKOH npoH3BoAcTBeHHoH
AHC4HnnHHe.
Ha «J1eHHH4e" YJ-Ke MHorHe rOAbl pa60-
TalOT 6eccMeHHo cTap!JJHH MexaHHK
B. A. HHKHcpOpOB H 604MaH B. AA. KOMa-
pOB, TpYA KOTOpblX OTMe4eH npaBHTenb-
CTBeHHblMH HarpaAaMH.
n. H1XOM!1POB
OCHOBHblMI! 0PY,lI,IIHMH JlOBa HBJlHIOTCH
,lI,OHHblii H pa3BOrJly611HHblH TpaJlb/ C pac-
nOpHblMI! OAHOllleJleBblMH ,lI,OC/(aMH OBaJlb-
Hoii 1jJ0PMbl.
AJIH 06HaPY.lKeHHH pbl6bl 6MPT 060PY-
AOBaH COBpeMeHHoii annapaTypoii BepTI!-
/(aJlbHOrO II ropH30HTaJlbHOrO nOIlCKa.
nJlaBHaH perYJlllpOBKa CKOpOCTII (CY,lI,HO
pa60TaeT H 13 pe)f{lfMe 6YKCHpa) 06Cne'lH-
BaeTCH TpeXJlOnaCTHb/M rpe6HbiM BIfHTOM
perYJlIIPyeMoro lIIara 0 2,73 M. TaKO"
BIIHT 3Ha'lHTeJlbHO 06J1er'laeT IIIBapToBHble
onepaI{1I1I B nopTY H 13 Mope, Ha npOMblCJle,
rJlaBHble pa3MepeHIIH: ,lI,JlIIHa Ha1l60Jlb-
l!IaR (LHo) - 84,7 M, ,lI,JlHHa no I(BJI
(L) - 80,0 M, l!IlIpllHa (8) - 14,0 M, Bb/-
con 60pTa ,lI,0 BepxHeii naJlyobl (H)-
10,0 M, cca,ll,Ka nplf BO,ll,OIf3MeuteHIIII B
34 - KopMoBaH npOMbICJlOBaH PyoKa,
35 - cnacaTe.'IbHbIH Kpyr, 36 - 'fpaJl-
MeHCTepcKlffl MOCTlfK, 37 - 3aoopTHbIfl
Tpan, 38 - Tpan-Oa,'IKa, 39 - rpY30-
BaH KOJlOHHa C BeHT!!JlHl(IfOHHOH rOJlOB-
KOH, 40 - «cynUIJlK!!», 41 - 3anaCHble
TpaJlOBble ,lJ,OCK!!, 42 - cToHKa, 43-
OOpToBbIe CTOHKII, 44 - OPYCbH . Ha
TpaHl(e, 45 - nepo PYJlH, 46 - BIfHT
perY.'IlfpyeMoro Illara, 47 - KOpMOBOH
nepeK!!,lJ,1I0H MOCTIfK, 48 - JlIOK ceTe-
Boro TpIOMa, 49 - AH<p.1JeKTopHaH BeH-
11 : 50 MacwTaobl
rnaBHble pa3MepeHHJI MOAenH 11: 75 11 : 100 11 : 150 11 : 200 1
1: 250
AnHHa HaH60nbWaJl
(L Ho )' MM . 1694 1130 847 565 423,5 339
AnHHa no KBn (L), MM . 1600 1066 800 533 400 320
WHpHHa (B), MM . . 280 188 140 94 70 56
BblCoTa 60pTa (H), MM 200 134 100 67 50 40
OcaAKa (T), MM . . . . . 111 74 55,5 37 27,7 22
AonYCTI-IMaJi ocaAKa caMoxoAHOH
MOAenH, H3MepeHHaJi no MHAemo
npH XOAOBblX copeBHoBaHHflx 122,0 81,5 61,0 41 30 24
AnJi nony"eHHJI MacwTa6a pa3Mepbl
Ha o6eM BI-IAe YMHOH<HTb Ha 5,0 3,34 2,5 1,67 1,25 -
nOJlHOIII rpY3Y (T) - 5,54 III. BO]lOH3I11eute-
Hlle (A) - 3658 T. CKOpOCTb nOJlHOrO xo-
,lI,a C rpy30111 (V) - 13 Y3J1. 06utll" BH,lI,
6MPT 11306pa.IKeH B IIIacIIITa6e 1: 250.
COrJlaCHO KJlaccmlJIIKal.\HoHHblM Tpe6o-
TIfJlHl(MOHHaH rOJlOBKa, 50 -- BopoTa
CJlHna, 51 - roplf30HTaJlbHaH IllBapTOB-
HaH BbIOIllKa, 52 - rpifooBIfAHaH BeHTIf-
JlHl(HOHHaH rOJlOBKa, 53 -- rpY30BaH
JleOeAKa, 54 - OOpToBbIe na,'IyoHbIe
JlIOKII, 55 - KHeXT, 56 - IllJlIOnOlJHaH
naJlyoa, 57 - TpaJlMeHCTepcKIfH MOCTIIK,
58 - IllJlIOnOaJlKa, 59 - cnaCaTeJlbHaH
IllJlIOnKa, 60 - Me,lJ,!!l(IfHCImH OJlOK no-
MeIl(eHHH, 61 - CBeTOBOH JlIOK MaIll!!H-
Horo OT.L\e,'IeHIfH, 62 - KOlliYX Jl,bIMO'
BOH TPYObl, 63 -- naJlyoa HOCOBOH PY-
BaHIIHIII
cnopTa
CTpOIfTb
Ta6J1I1I{e.
4>e,ll,epaI{HH CY,ll,OMO,ll,eJlbHoro
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B IIIacIIITa6ax, npllBe,ll,eHHblX B
B. HOCTbl4EB
JleBOH PYOKI-I, 64 - peH, 65 - HaKJlOH-
HbIH Tpan, 66 - HOCOBbre ,'IIOKIf rpY30-
BbIX TpIOMOB, 67 - 3J1eKTplflJeCKIIH
OpaIllnlfJlb, 68 - HKopHai! l(enb, 69 -
OYKCIIPHblH KHeXT, 70 - na.1JyoHbIH
KJlI03, 7l - BHHTOBOH cTonop, 72-
nJlOIl(aJl,Ka no,lJ, HaKToY3 KOMnaca, 73 -
nJlOIl(aJl,Ka aHTeHHbI paAIfOJlOKaTOpa,
74 - JlIOK KopMoBoro rpY30Boro TpIO-
Ma, 75 - JIIOK, 76 - JlIOK npHeMa Pbl-
6bI, 77 - BepTllKa,'IbHblH Tpan.


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K CO>KaneHI1IO, nOKa eL4e He B Ka>K,qOH
WKone eCTb XopOWO OCHaL4eHHble Mac-
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orpaHI1'-1eH nl1Wb TOK6pHbiM ,qa CBep-
nl1l1bHblM CTaHKaMI1. A Y>K eC1I11 Heo6xo
,qI1MO '-ITO-TO OTlj:Jpe3epOBaTb - CHI1Tb
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6paTb WnOHO'-lHyta K6HaBKy, - npI1Xo,qI1T-
CI1 I1,qTI1 K wel/JaM.
A Me>K,qy TeM ,q1l11 CTonb HeCnO>KHbIX
tppe3epHbix pa60T COBceM Heo6113aTellb-
HO o63aBo,qI1TbCI1 I/Jpe3epHbiM CTaHKOM,
ropa3,qo npoL4e c,qell6Tb npl1CnOC0611eHI1e
K TOKapHoMY.
OHO npe,qcTaBlIl1eT co60i1 MOHOIlI1THbli1
(111111 >Ke cBapHoi1) Kopo6. B KOTOpbli1 3a-
npeccoBaHbl ,qBe L;I1I1I1H,qpl1'-1eCKl1e WTaH-
rl1-HanpaBnl1lOL4l1e. no WTaHraM C nOMO-
L4blO xo,qOBoro BI1HT6 nepeMeL4aeTCI1
060l1Ma C YCTaHOBlleHHblM B Hei:1 naTpo-
HOM. CneL;116I1bHoi:1 PYKOI1TKOi:1 naTpOH
MO>KHO nOBOpa'-lI1BaTb. B Heo6xo,qI1MOM
,q1l11 pa60Tbi nOIlO>KeHI1I1 naTpOH I/JI1KCI1-
pyeTcl1 CTonopHblM BI1HTOM. OnepaL;1111
,qelleHI1I1 OKPY>KHOCTI1 Ha 3a,qaHHoe '-II1CIIO
'-IaCTei:1 np0I13Bo,qI1TCI1 no KpyroBoH 1I11
HeHKe. HaHeCeHHOI1 Ha 1/J1I6HeL; B 3a,qHei:1
'-IaCTI1 npl1cnoco6l1eHI1I1. 3aMeHI1B naTpOH
nIl6Hwai16oi1. Bbl CMO>KeTe o6pa6aTblB6Tb
B npl1CnOC0611eHI111 He TOllbKO L;I1I1I1H,qPI1-
'-IeCKl1e, HO H 1I106ble ,qpyrl1e ,qeTall 11 ,
2
YHHBEPCAJIbHAH
nOCTABKA
CxeMa TaKOD nOp;CTaBKH 6blJIa onyIJ.
nHKOBaHa B PYMbIHCKOM :lKypHaJIe
.TeXHHYM'), OHa n03BOJIHeT BLlnonHHTb
Ha CBepJlHJIbHOM CTaHKe Onepal\HH C ,ll;e-
TaJIHMH, «l>opMa KOTOpLlX He CJIHlliKOM-TO
Y,II;o6Ha ,ll;JIH HX CBepJIeHHH.
IIpHcnoco6JIeHHe npe,ll;CTaBJIHeT co6oii:
OCHoBaHHe, SaKpenJIHeMOe Ha CTOJIe
CTaHKa ,ll;BYMH 60JITaMH C l'aDKaMH.
B OCHOBaHHH pa3p;eJIaHO T}>H oAHHaKo-
BblX OTBepCTHH ,ll;JIH CMeHHLlX onop. B HX
'IHCJIO BXOAHT: YHHBepcanbHaH npH3Ma
AJIH. CBepJIeHHH I\HJIHH,II;pH'IeCKHX ,ll;eTa-
JIeD, CTOJIHK AJIH cBepneHHH nJIOCKHX,
onopa AJI.II o6pa6oTKH c«l>epH'IeCKHX ,ll;e-
TaJIeD (mapHKoB). ROMnJIeKT ,ll;onOJIHHeT-
CH 06Ll'lHbIM TpexKYJIa'lKOBLlM naTpoHoM
AJIH saKpenneHHH B HeM oceD HJIH BT,y-
nOK,
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CTaHKa: 1 - OCHOBaHHe, 2 - CTOJIHK .n:JIH
CBepJleHHH nJIOCKHX .n:eTaJIell, 3 - YHHBep-
CaJIbHaH npH3Ma, 4 - ynop, 5 - onopa
!lJIS! CBepJIeHHS! llIapHKoB, 6 - CTonopHbIll
BHlIT, 7 - naTpoH.
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(e 'laCTHOCTU, no yoeJlbHoii. MOU{HOCTU) He yoOeJleTeOpRIOT caMO-
OeJlTeJlbHbtx KOHCTPYKTopoe. 8TO U saCTaeJlReT HeKoTOpbtX 9HTY-
suaCToe U36upaTb OOCTaTO'lHO CJlCXlfCHbtii., HO eepHbtii. nYTb - cos-
oaeaTb MOTOpbt c06cTeeHHbtX KOHCTPYKI1Uii., UCnOJlbsYR YSJlbt U
iJeTaJlU cepuiiHbtX.
PeiJaKI1UR Y:JICe HeOOHOKpaTHO npeOocTaeJlJlJla CTpaHuI1bt :JICYP-
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nax npoeKTupoBaHuR oBU2aTeJleii, TeXHOJl02UU UX US20TOeJleHUR,
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(<<M-K» M 6, 1978 2.), e KOTOpOU onUCbtBaJlaCb TeXHOJl02UJI
U320TOeJleHUJI onnOSUTH020 oeU2aTeJlJl - MOTopa, UMelOU{e20 pRO
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CKOU 06JlaCTU - 0 coeeprueHcTBoea/-tUU «onnOSUTa».
Ha TpOH4KOH ropOACKOH CTaH4HH IOHblX
TeXHHKOB Mbl nocTpOHI1H HeCKOllbKO a3po-
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KOTOpblH HcnOllb30BallH, - TpaKTopHblH
nYCKa4 n,lJ,-10. 4TO Mbl TOllbKO He Ael1al1H
C 3THMH MOTopaMH: H q,OpCHpOBaI1H HX,
H cnapHBallH, HO >Kel1aeMblX pe3YllbTaTOB
A06HTbCI1 TaK H He YAaBall0Cb. DOl1bWOH
Bec, ra6apHTbl, cpaBHHTellbHO Mal1al1
YAel1bHal1 MOIi.!HOCTb, a Y q,OpCHpOBaHHbIX
BapHaHTOB H HeBa>KHbIH MOTopecypc. nbl-
Tal1HCb YBe11H4HBaTb MOIi.!HOCTb, COBep-
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Morl10.
fJ.el1o B TOM, 4TO Ha nOAaBl1l1lOli.!eM
6011bWHHCTBe ABYXTaKTHblX ABHraTel1eH
BnYCKOM roplO4eH CMeCH B KapTep ynpas-
I1l1eT nopweHb. OKHO OH OTKpbIBaeT, He
AOXOAI1 60_65° AO BepxHeH MepTBoH T04-
KH (BMT), a 3aKpblBaeT ero cnycTI1 Te >Ke
60-65° nOCl1e ee npoxo>t<AeHHI1. TaKHM
o6pa30M, l/Ja3a BnycKa CHMMeTpH4Ha OT-
HOCHTellbHO BMT, H C 3THM y>t<e HH4ero
He nOAellaeWb, nOCKOl1bKY B3aHMHoe no-
110>t<eHHe KpOMOK OKHa H nOpWHI1 npH
XOAe ero KaK BBepx, TaK H BHH3 OAHO H
TO >t<e.
,lJ,1111 Y11Y4weHHI1 >t<e HanOI1HellHR 4H-
I1HHApa CMeCblO BnYCK >t<el1aTel1bHO Ha4H-
HaTb 3a 130-140° AO BMT, a 3aKaH4H-
8aTb cnycTI1 40-50°,
101 TaKHe ABHra-reI1H eCTb - C AHCKO-
. bIM 30nOTHHKOM HI1H C l1eneCTKOBblM Kl1a-
aHOM, ynpaB11111OIi.!HMH BnycKoM CMeCH.
HH n011y4H11H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe I1HWb B
nOClleAHee BpeM. PacnpeAel1eHHe C no-
MOli.!blO AHCKOBoro 30110THHKa n03B01111eT
pa3BHTb I1HTPOBYIO MOIi.!HOCTb nOpl1AKa
130 11. c.
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1;1 . aw HOBblH ABHraTel1b, npeACTaB1111eT co-
QOH cJIHrypHYIO CTal1bHYIO nl1aCTHHY TOll-
lLIHHOH 0,4-0,6 MM (cTal1b 65r). reoMeT-
H4ecKH 3TO ABa C0411eHeHHbIX KpyroBblx
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MH nepexOAaMH Me>t<AY HHMH. ,lJ,HCK Ha-
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2 - HaqaJIO H KOHeu: npOAYBKH
(156°), 3 H 4 - HaqaJIO H KOHeu:
nepenycKa (120°), 5 H 6 - HaqaJIO
H KOHeu: BnycKa npH ynpaBJIeHHH 30-
JIOTHHKOM (170°), 7 H 8 - HaqaJIO
H KOHeu: BnYCKa npH ynpaBJIeHHH
nopuIHeM (146°).

PRC.
2. 30JIOTHHK. t

HOH l1eBoH n0110BHHO'l KapTepa H KpblW-
KOH 30110THHKa. B KpblwKe H KapTepe
pa3Ae11aHbi BnYCKHble OTBepCTHl1, naTpy-
60K nOA Kap61OpaTop cBapeH H3 AlOp-
al1lOMHHHeBblX Tpy6 H npHKpenl1eH K
cJI11aH4Y KpblWKH KapTepa.
Pa60TaeT AHCKOBblH 30110THHK clleAYIO-
Ii.!HM 06pa30M. npH Bpali.!eHHH HaCTynaeT
MOMeHT COBnaAeHHI1 Bblpe3a AHCKa H OT-
BepcTHH B KpblwKe H KapTepe, npH 3TOM
OTKpblBaeTCI1 Aoc-ryn roplO4eH CMeCH B
KapTep H3 Kap6lOpaTopa. npOAOI1>t<HTel1b
HOCTb BnYCKa onpeAel1l1eTcl1 WHpHHOH Bbl-
pe3a B AHCKe. B HaweM ABHraTe11e cJIa3a
BnYCKa COCTaBI1eT 170°, HO, nO-BHAHMO-
MY, onTHMal1bHblH yrol1 HMeeT CMblCI1 nOA-
6HpaTb onblTHblM nYTeM, TO eCTb nOCTe-
neHHO YBellH4H.BaTb Bblpe3 B AHCKe, OAHO-
BpeMeHHO 3aMepl111 TaXOMeTpOM 060po-
Tbl K011eH4aToro Balla ABHraTel1l1. TaKHM
06pa30M MO>t<HO A06HTbCI1 onTHMal1bHOH
npOAOI1>t<HTel1bHOCTH cJIa3bJ BnYC'Ka, a 3Ha-
4HT, H MaKCHMa11bHoro MOMeHTa Ha BailY
ABHraTel1,
Ha K011eH4aTblH Ball 30110THHKOBbIH AHCK
YCTaHOBl1eH 4epe3 npOMe>t<YT04HYIO BTYI1-
KY H cJIHKcHpyeTC1\. Ha HeH raHt<OH, CaMa
>t<e BTYI1Ka noca>t<eHa Ha l1eBYIO weHKY
K011eH4aToro Balla - H MO>KeT nepeMeli.!aTb-
CI1 no HeH B oceBOM HanpaBl1eHHH Me>KAY
CTeHKOH Kopnyca H KpblWKOH 30110THH-
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KOH H Me>KAY 30110THHKOM H KopnYCOM
AOI1>t<Hbl 6blTb B npeAel1ax 0,4-0,5 MM,
perYI1HpYIOTCI1 OHH nOA60poM COOTBeT-
CTBylOli.!HX npoKl1aAoK.
ECI1H npeAnol1araeTcl1 YCTaHoBKa TaKoro
ABHraTel111 Ha l1eTaTel1bHblH annapaT, r Ae
OCHOBonOl1aralOli.!ee 3Ha4eHHe HMeeT Bec
KOHCTPYK4HH' TO I1Y4we Bcero nPHMeHHTb
MarHeTO THna M-42. npH Hcn011b30BaHHH
MOTopa Ha Ha3eMHOM (BOAHOM) TpaHcnop-
Te HMeeT CMblCI1 Hcn011b30BaTb llH60
6eCKOHTaKTHoe 3a>t<HraHHe, I1H60 06b14-
Hoe, c: npepblBaTel1eM. B nocl1eAHeM CI1Y-
ae MO>t<HO B311Tb ABe weCTHBOl1bTOBble
KaTYWKH OT MOT04HK110B "j1Ba» HI1H ,,101}t{))
H COOTBeTCTBYlOli.!HH reHepaTOp (HanpH-
Mep, r 424 C pelle-perYI1I1TopOM PP-330).

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A - KOHCTPYKLlHR 30.mTHHKoBOro }l,BHra-
TeJlS! B BapHaHTe C B03}1.yUlHblM BHHTOM:
1 -- 30JIOTHilK, 2 -- ll.(eKil KOJIeHqaTOrO
BaJla, 3 -- no.n:llJilnHHKil npaBoH onopbI,
4 -- illeHKa KOJIeHqaTOrO BaJIa, 5--
illTil<iJT, 6 -- cerMeHTHMI illnOHKa, 7 --
raHKa, 8 -- BilHT, 9 -- KOHTPOBOqHbIH illY- ([)
Pyn, 10 -- raHKa, 11 -- CTaKaH KpenJIe-
HilR MarHeTO, 12 -- UlnOHKa, 13 -- CaJlb-
HilK, 14 -- BTYJIKa C raHKOH KpenJIeHilR
aOJIOTHilKa, 15 -- no.n:UlilnHilK JIeBOH ono-
pbl, 16 -- KpbIillKa aO.TIOTHilKa, 17 ..... JIeBaR
nOJIOBilHa KapTepa, 18 -- npaBaR nOJIO-
BilHa KapTepa, 19 -- UlnilJIbKa KpenJIeHilR
}l,BHraTeJIR, 20 -- pacnopHbIe BTYJIKil, 21 --
(:aJIbHilK, 22 -- BTYJIKa BilHTa co llJKilBOM
npllBo.n:a reHepaTopa.
I> - YCTaHoBKa MHoropyqbeBOrO UlKHBa Ha
}l,BHraTeJIb: 1 -- Kopnyc npepbIBaTeJIR,
2 -- II,InilJIbKa Kpe[]J]eHilR KpbIUlKil 30JIOT-
HilKa, 3 -- illnilJIbKa KpeIIJleHilR nOJIOBHH
KapTepa, 4 -- MHoropy%eBbIH illKilB.
JJ -- KapTep II OCHOBHbIe Y3JIbI }l,BllraTeJIR:
1 - npaBaR nOJIOBilHa KapTepa, 2 -- JIe-
BaR nOJIOBilHa KapTepa, 3 -- naTpy60K,
4 - Kap61OpaTOp 2926CB,lL (<<5IBa»). 5 --
MarHeTO M-42.
P II C. 3. YHlIBepca.QbHblH
ABYXl\HJlilHAPOBbIH }l,BilraTeJIb
JlOTHHKOBbIM pacnpeAeJIeHHeM.
160
onn03HTHbIft
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IIJlH c06paHHoM BHAe, a npll He06xollH-
MOCTII - H 3a60JleBWerO IIJlII nOCTpa,ll,aB-
DIero B nOXOAe TYPllcTa.
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BepHYTb np0I13BO,D,CTBO MHKpOIlI1Tpa>KHbIX aBTOM06HlleH. npOeK-
Tl1pOBaHl1e, nOCTpOHKY H ,D,OBO,D,KY npOTOTl1nOB HOBOH MaWHHbl
nopY4111l11 npOBeCTI1 KOlllleKTHBY MOCKOBCKoro 3aBO,D,a MaIlOIlI1T-
pa>KHblX aBTOM06111leH - M3MA (HblHe A3nK), Pa3pa60TKa I1X
Ha4allaCb OCeHbl-O 1956 rO,D,a. 3a 06pa3e4 B3S11l11 Q)I-1AT-600, Hal1"
60llee Y,D,a4HbIH aBTOM06111lb :noro Kllacca. HeMaIlOBa>KHbIM 06-
CTOSiTellbCTBOM, npe,D,onpeAelll1BWHM Bb160p, nOCIlY>K111l TOT
c:paKT, 4TO ,D,aHHaSi MaWI1Ha 6bllla HOBeHweH (ee BbmYCK Ha4all-
CSI B 1955 ro,D,Y) 11 4TO OHa Hal11lY4WHM 06pa30M OTBe4alla YCIlO-
BHSlM MaCCOBoro np0I13BO,D,CTBa.
nepBblH onblTHblH 06pa3e4 MaWI1Hbl - eH ,D,alll1 I1H-
,D,e,{c «444» - 6blll rOTOB Bcero 4epe3 ro,D" B oKTSl6pe 1957 ro-
Aa. B ee BHeWHeM BI1,D,e 11 KOHCTPYK41111 Y31l0B 4YBcTBOBal10Cb
BI1I1S1Hl1e Q)I-1AT-600, HO TeM He MeHee ,D,a>Ke Ha :nOH CTa,D,I1H
HaMeTHIlHCb CYll.IeCTBeHHble pa31l11411S1.
AIlSI Mal1ora6apHTHOH MaWHHbl peWalOIl.IHM c:paKTopOM Bcer,D,a
SlBflSleTCSI ,D,HaMeTp KOllec. Y411TbiBaSi ,D,OpO:tKHble YCIlOBI1S1 Haweii
CTpaHbl, KOHCTpYKTOPbl YBell114111l11 noca,D,04HblH pa3Mep ,D,IlSI
WI1Hbl C 12 ,D,O 13 ,D,IOHMOB. 3TOT war nOTpe60Ball cYll.IeCTBeH-
Hb!X H3MeHeHI1H B KI1HGMaTI1Ke nO,D,BeCKI1 KOllec, 3aCTaBI11l yee-

.
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1l11411Tb 06beMbi KOlleCHblX HI1W 11 BHeCTH KOppeKTI1Bbl B 061l.1YIO
KOMnoHoBKY, !J.Pyroe Ba:tKHOe OTIl11411e - Ha MaWI1He CTOSIIl He
4eTblpeX4HIlHH,D,pOBbIH ,D,Bl1raTellb BO,D,SlHOro OXlla>KAeHHSI, KaK Ha
Q)I-1A Te, a ,D,BYX4111lI1H,D,pOBbIH onn03HTHblH M!J.-65 I-1p611TcKoro
MOT0411KIleTHoro 3aBO,D,a, I1MeBWI1H B03AYWHoe OXlla:tKAeHHe.
He,D,ocTaTKM ,D,Bl1raTellSl, 11 BeCbMa CYll.IeCTBeHHbIM, C KOMnOHO-
B04HOH T04KH 3peHI1S1, 6blll 04eHb pa3BI1TblH KapTep - ero rllY"
6HHa (paCCTOSlHHe OT OCI1 KOlleH4aToro Balla ,D,O AHHll.Ia MaCIlSl-
Horo nO,D,,D,OHa) COCTaBIlSIlla 184 MM. nO:nOMY ,D,IlSI nOllY4eHHSI
np1eMlleMOH 1!e1l11411Hbl KIll-1peHCa Y cTynl14 3a,D,HI1X KOllec
«MOCKBI14a-444» npHWIlOCb YCTaHOBI1Tb KOlleCHbie peAYKTopbl.
nO,D,06Hble TeM, 4TO npl1MeHSIIOTCSI CerO,D,HSI Ha nyA3e-969M.
KpOMe TOro, nepBblH 06pa3e4 1957 rO,D,a - Ha30BeM
ero YCIlOBHO «444-57» - OTIl114allCSI OT I1Tal1bSlHCKOH MaWI1Hhl,
nOMHMO nepe411cIleHHoro, C:POpMOH 3a,D,HeH 4aCTH KY30Ba, I1HblM
oc:popMlleHl1eM nepe,D,Ka, YCHlleHHoH Kop06KOH nepe,D,a4. Tpe-
yrollbHaSi 3M61leMa cnepeAH, BblnYKllaSi CTpel10BHAHaSi nOAwraM-
nOSKa Ha ABepl1, AeKOpaTI1BHaSi «rpe6eHKa» nepeA npoeMoM
3a,D,Hero KOlleca (MOTHB, 3al1MCTBOBaHHblH OT «MocKBI14a-402») 11
LjeTblpe KPyrllblx B03,D,yx03a60pHI1Ka Ha 3a,D,HeM Kpbllle, Hano-
MI1HaBWHe MI1HHaTlOpHble KaCKI1 nO:tKapHHKOB, - TaKOBbl 6bllll1
np0411e OTIl11411TellbHbie ,D,eTallH KY30Ba. KCTaTH, Y:tKe Ha 3TOiii
CTaAI1H MaWI1Ha I1Mella B3al1M03aMeHSIeMbie 1l060BOe 11 3a,D,Hee
CTeKlla - 4eHHaSi oco6eHHocTb ,D,IlSI MaccoBoH MO,D,el1l1.
Ha clle,D,YlOll.Il1iii ro,D, M3MA nOCTpOl11l HOBbie 06pa34bl (Ha-
30BeM I1X «444-58») C 113MeHeHHblMI1 3IleMeHT!:1MI1 oc:popMlleHI1S1:
nepe,D,Hee KpblllO C 60llee BblCOKOiii BepxHeiii 4aCTblO, HHaSi
c:popMa 061l1140BKI1. O,D,I1H 113 HHX, OKpaWeHHblH B 4BeT CIlOHOBOH
KOCTI1, C KPblweiii MOpKOBHoro 4BeTa, 3KCnOHI1pOBallCSI 311MOH
1958/59 rOAa Ha B!J.HX CCCP. Y 3TOH M6WI1Hbl, Ha 3M61leMe
KOTOpoiii BMeCTO «444» CTOSIIlO «650», ell.le COXpaHl1lll1Cb OT nep-
Boro 06pa34a nepeAHSISI nO,D,BeCKa Ha nonepe4Hoiii peccope Ii
C,D,BHraIOIl.IHeCSI (HenO,D,beMHble) CTeKlla B ,D,BepSix.
!J.Bl1raTellb M!J.-65, c03,D,aHHbliii Ha 6a3e MOT04I1KlleTHoro, OKa"
3al1CSI, KaK BblSlBHll11 HcnbITaHHSI, Henpl1rO,D,HblM ,D,IlSI aBToM0611-
IlSi. Ha MOT0411KIle C KOIlSiCKOiii, KOTOpbliii SeCI1T 320 Kr, 3TOT
MOTOp pa60Tall B 60llee 61larOnpHSITHbiX (no HarpY3Ke) YCIlO-
BHSlX, 4eM Ha MHKpOIlI1Tpa:tKKe, B,D,Boe 60llee TSI:tKeIlOH, KpoMe
Toro, M!J.-65 Ha CTeHAe pa3BI1Ball MOIl.lHOCTb TOllbKO 17,5 11, c.
OTclO,D,a nlloxaSi ,D,I1HaMHKa MaWI1Hbl: BSlllbliii pa3roH 11 He,D,06op
MaKCI1MallbHOH CKOpOCTI1 (80 KM/4 BMeCTO npoeKTHblx 95 KM/4).
MOTOp 6blll 04eHb WYMHblM, nlloxo OXlla:tK,D,aIlCSI. Ho rllaBHblH
He,D,OCTaTOK 3aKIl104allCSI B TOM, LjTO ,D,Bl1raTellb 6blll He,D,OllrO-
Be4HbIM: CpOK ero CIlY:tK6bl ,D,O KanHTallbHoro peMOHTa e,D,Ba MOr
CCCTaBIlSlTb 30 TbIC. KM.
no 3THM npl1LjHHaM CHa4alla Ha M3MA B 1957 ro,D,Y, a nOTOM
11 B HAMI-1 Ha4allOCb npoeKTHpOBaHl1e HOBoro, cne411allbHoro
1 - py.'1eBOH MexaHH3M, 2 - 3anaCHoe KOJJr.CO, 3 - Ton-
JIHBHbIH 6aK, 4 - TOpM03HOH 6apa6aH nepe)],Hero KOJleCa,
5 - aMopTH3aTop nepe)],HeH nO)],BeCKH, 6 - nepe)],H5U! no)],-
BeCKa, 7 - aKKYMYJlHTOpHaH 6aTapeH, 8 - ne)],aJlb npH-
Bo)],a )],pocce.'1bHOH 3ac.'10HKH Kap61OpaTopa, 9 - ne)],aJlH
CI{enJleHHH H npHBo)],a TopMo3a, 10 - nepe)],Hee CH)],eHbe,
II - pbI<Jar nepeKJlIO<JeHHH nepe)],a<J, 12 - pbI<Jar npHBO)],3
PY<JHoro TopM03a, 13 - 3a.nHee ClI)],eHbe, 14 - pbJ1-lar 3a)],-
Heii nO)],BeCKH, 15 - aMopTH3aTop 3a)],HeH nO)],BeCKH, 16 -
npY}KHHa 3a)],HeH nO)],BeCKH, 17 - TOpM03HOH 6apa6aH 3a)],-
Hero Ko.'1eCa, 18 - no.'1YOCb, 19 - nonepe<JHHa nO)],BeCKH
.nBHraT€.'1H, 20- - cTapTep, 21 - rJlyrnllTeJlb, 22 - rOJlOBKa
lIHJlHHJJ.pa )],BHraTeJlH, 23 - TOnJTHBHbIH Hacoc, 24 - npe-
pblBaTe.'1b-pacnpe)],eJlHTeJlb, 25 - u:eHTpo6e}KHblH Mac.'10-
O<JHCTHTeJlb, 26 - MaCJl03aJlHBHaH rop.'10BHHa 27 - pac-
Tpy6 aBTOMaTH<JeCKoro perYJlHTopa TeMnepl1TYPbI nBHraTe-
JlH, 28 - BeHTH.'1HTOP, 29 - KaTYUlKa 3a}KHraHHH, 30 -
Kap6lOpaTop, 31 - B03)],YlllHblfI cpHJlbTp

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A
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22
21
P H C. 6, nepe.II.HHH nO,ll.BfCKa: _
1, 8 - 60JlTbI KpenJIeHHH nO,ll.BeCKH K KY30ny, 2 - HIDKHUii
.1IeBbIH pbI'iar, 3 - na,1el\ KpenJIeHHH cToihm K pbIqaraM, 4 -
faHKa pbIqara, 5 - CTH:w.:HOH 60JlT, 6 - BepxHHH JleBbIH PbI-
qar, 7 - 6y<pep.
..,
.... PH C. 4. OpralIbl ynpaBJIeHHH:
1 - pYJIeBOe KOJIeCO, 2 - npoTHBoco.lIHeqHbIH ll.\HTOK, 3 -
3epKaJlO 3a,ll.HerO BH,lI.a, 4 - <poHapb aBapHHHoro ,lI.aBJleHHH
MaCJla, 5 - PYKOHTKa BKJIlOqeHHH CTeKJlOOqHCTHTeJlH, 6 -
I{HOnKa l\eHTpaJlbHOfO nepeKJllOqeHHH cBeTa, 7 - BKJllOqaTeJIb
3a:w.:HraHHH H cTapTepa, 8 - PYKoHTKa BKJllOqeHHH YKa3aTeJleH
nOBopoTOB, 9 - <poHapb KOHTpO.'1bHOH JlaMnbI pa60TbI feHe-
paTopa, LO - KHonKa BKJllOqaTeJIH OTOnHTeJlH, 11 - ljJoHapb
KOHTpOJlbliOH JlaMnbI HopMa.'1bI-IOH pa60TbI OTOnHTeJlH, 12-
PYKoHTKa 3aCJlOHOK OTOnHTeJlH KY30Ba, 13 - KHonKa ynpaB-
JleHHH B03,l1.YlllHOH 3aCJlOHKOH Kap6lOpaTOpa, 14 - pbIqar pyq-
HOro npHBO,ll.a TopM03a, 15 - ne,ll.a.'1b ynpaB.'1eHHH ,lI.pOCCeJlbHOH
3aCJlOHKOii, 16 - KHonKa HOMHOro nepeKJllOqaTe.'1H CBeTa,
17 - pbIqar nepeK,'1lOqeHlIH nepe,ll.aq, 18 - ne,ll.aJlb TopM03a,
19 - ne,ll.aJlb cl\en.'1eHHH, 20 - PYKoHTKa OTKpbITHH 3aMKa
KanOTa 6araMHHKa, 21 - KHonKa 3BYKOBOro CHTHaJla, 22 -
KHonKa Hacoca CTeKJlOOMbIBaTe.'1H, 23 - npn60pHbIH ll.\HTOK,
P Ii C. 5. npH60pHbIH IllHTOK.
A
PH C. 7. 3a).l,HHH nOJl.BfCKa:
1 - TOpM03HOii 6apa6aH 3a,ll.Hero Ko.'1eCa, 2 - 6yljJep, 3 -
KpOHIIlTeflH nOnepeqHOrO pbIqara, 4 - CH.'10BOH 3JIeMeHT KY30-
Ba, 5 - aMOp1'II3aTOp, 6 - npYMHHa, 7 - KpOHIIlTeflH npo-
,lI.o.'lbHOrO pbIqara, 8 - npO,ll.o.'1bHbIH pbIqar.
J.

,ABHraTeIlSl, C03AaHHbie Ha M3MA. ABe KOHCTPYKLlHH ABYXLlH-
JlI1HApOBOro onn03HTHoro ABHraTellSl THna «CHTpoeH 2IlC» C
B03AYWHblM OXlla>KAeHHeM H pa60LlHM 06beMoM 748 CM 3 BO
BTOpOH nOIlOBHHe 1958 rOAa TOllbKO ell.le npoxoAHIlH cnlHAOBble
HcnbITaHHSI. B KaLleCTBe BpeMeHHoH Mepbl Ha yCQBepWeHcTBo-
BaHHblH BapHaHT, nOIlYLlHBWHH 0603HaLleHHe «444-EiKP» (TO eCTb,
6e3 KOlleCHoro peAYKTopa), nOCTaBHIlH ABHraTellb EiMB-600 -
TO>Ke OT MHKpOIlHTpa>KHOrO aBTOM06HIlSl, 3TOT MOTOp HMell 3Ha-
LlHTellbHO 60llee MellKHH KapTep, nOA06HO npoeKTHpOBaBWHMCSI
MOTOpaM M3MA H HAMI.1. OTKa3 OT peAYKTopOB n03BOlll11l
YMeHbWHTb HenOApeccopeHHble MaCCbl Ha 6 Kr. OAHoBpeMeHHo
8BTOM06HIlb nOIlYLlHIl nepeAHlO1O nOABecKY Ha npoAollbHblX 61'1-
l1aHCHpHblX pblLlarax H nllaCTHHLlaTblX TopcHoHax H 60KoBble
B03Ayx03a60pHHKH B BHAe BbiTSlHYTO peweTKH.
B 1959 rOAY YBHAellH CBeT HOBbIe npOTOTHnbl 6YAYIl.IerO «3a-
nOpO>KLla», TorAa >Ke KOHCTpYKTopcKoe 61Opo M3MA c no-
MOll.lblO npH6blBweH B KOHLle 1958 rOAa 6pHraAbl HH>KeHepOB
3A3 npHcTynHllo K BbmycKY LlepTe>KeH AIlSl nOArOTOBKH npOH3-
BOACTBa, B anpelle 1959 rOAa BCSI TeXHHLleCKaSl AOKYMeHTaLlHSI
Ha MOAellb 965 6bllla nepeAaHa B 3anOpO>Kbe.
OnblTHble 06pa3L1bl 1959 roAa B OTIlHLlHe or <PI-1AT-600 HMe-
IlH Y>Ke He CABHralOll.IHeCSI CTeKlla ABepeH, a onYCKHble, KaK
Ha 60llbWHHCTBe aBTOM06HIleH, I-1cLle31lH CTpellOBHAHaSl BblJ\aBKa
Ha Kpbllle H «rpe6eHKa». 3aAHHe cpOHapH cHa6AHIlH KaTacpOTaMH
He B cpeAHeH, a B HH>KHeH LlaCTI1. nOAcpapHHKH YCTaHOBHIlH B
OTAellbHblX Kopnycax Ha KpblllbSlX,
n03>Ke 6blllH H3rOTOBIleHbi 06pa3L1bl C! H3MeHeHHblMH nepeA-
HHMH KpblllbSlMH H BblwTaMnOBKaMH Ha nepeAHeH naHellH.
Y 3THX MaWHH nOAcpapHHKH OCTallHCb Ha nepeAHHX KpblllbSlX,
HO Ha nepeAHeH naHellH nOSlBHllaCb 3M61leMa 3A3 H HaAnHCb
«3anopO>KeLlb» npSlMoyrollbHblMH 6YKBaMH.
B HIOHe 1959 rOAa B HAMI-1 6blllH rOTOBbl ABa nepBblX 'IeTbl-
peXLlHIlHHAPOBblX ABHraTellSl 3A3-965. OAHH (965r) HMell ro-
pH30HTallbHoe onn03HTHoe paCnOIlO>KeHHe LlHJ1HHAPOB H pa-
60LlHH 06-beM 752 CM 3 , APyroH (965B) - V-06pa3Hoe H pa60LlHH
06-beM 746 CM a .
B LleM COCTOSlIlO OTllHLlHe? Ha MOTope 96Sr KYllaLlKOBblH Ball
Jle>Kall nOA KOlleHLlaTbIM, LleHTp06e>KHbIH BeHTHIlSlTOp HarHeTi!1l
B03AYX AIlSl OXlla>KAeHHSI LlHIlHHApOB, MaCIlO OLlHll.IallOCb CPHllbT-
pOM co CMeHHblMH 31leMeHTaMH, KOlleHLlaTblH Ball 6blll OTKOBaH
H3 CTaIlH. ,lI,PyroH MOTOP, 9658 C V-06pa3Hb1M paCnOIlO>KeHHeM
LlHIlHHApOB, 6blll KOMnaKTHee. Y HeFO 3HaLlHTellbHO ynpoll.lallCSI
AocTyn K KllanaHHoMY MexaHH3MY AIlSl perYIlHpoBKH 3a30pa -
He MewallH KO>KYXH 3aAHHX KOllec. OXlla>KAaIOIl.IHi:i B03AYX OTca-
CblBallCSI oceBblM BeHTHIlSlTOpOM. PacnpeAellHTellbHblH Ball 6111'1-
rOAapfi V-06pa3HoMY pacnOIlO>KeHHIO LlHIlHI-i,qpOB YCTaHOBHIlH B
pa3Bi'llle 61l0KOB, AIlHHa TOIlKalOl4Hx WTaHr AIlSl npHBOAa Klla-
naHOB CTana MeHbwe. ,lI,IlSl OLlHCTKH MaCIlC! B ABHraTeJie 965B
CIlY>KHlla LleHTpHcpyra, a KOlleHLlaTbl1ii Ball CAellallH nHTbIM. no-
CKOllbKY MOMeHT CHIl HHepLlHI1 6blll He ypaBHoBeweH, B KOH-
PPYKLlI1IO BBellH Ball CI npOTI1BOBecaMH. OH Bpall.lallCSI C; TeM >Ke
LlHCIlOM 060POTOB, LITO H KOlleHLlaTblH, HO B npOTHBOnOIlO>KHOM
HanpaBlleHHH.
no MOIl.lHOCTHblM nOKa3aTellSlM 06e KOHCTPYKLlI1I1 6blllH paB-
HOLleHHbl, HO ABl1raTellb 965B 061laAall LlellblM pSlAOM npel1MY-
ll.IeCTB nepeA 965r, 6blll opl1rl1HallbHblM H COBpeMeHHblM no
KOHCTpYKTI1BHOMY peWeHl1lO, Ero 11 npl1HSlll11 AIlSl cepHHHoro
1of3rOTOBlleHHSI.
B 1960 rOAY Ha 3A3e wlla nOAroToBKa K npoH3BoACTBY HOBOA
MaWI1Hbl. nepBYIO napTHIO 3aBoA c06pall 22 HOSl6pSl H AO KOH-
Lla rOAa BbmycTHIl OKOIlO nOIlYTopa TblCSlLI «3anOpO>KLleB)).
TaK HaLlall CBOIO >KH3Hb nepBblH cOBeTcKHH MHKpOIlHTpa>KHbIM
8BTOM06HIlb 3A3-965. npaBHllbHee 6b11l0 6b1 Ha3BaTb ero MallO-
ra6apHTHbiM (4 MeCTa, AIlHHa 3330 MM), eCIlH YLlHTblBaTb COBpe-
MeHHYIO TepMHHollorHIO.
HapSlAY C 6a30BoH MOAellblO 3aBOA CTpOHIl MOAHcpHKaLlHIO
965C AIlSl nepeB03KH nOLlTbl (c npaSblM paCnOIlO>KOHHeM PYIlSl,
MeTallllHLleCKHMH naHenSlMH BMeCTO 3aAHHX OKOH H SlIl.IHICOM AIlSl
nHceM Ha MeCTe 3aAHero cHAeHbSl); a TaK>Ke 965Ei C PYLlHblM
ynf)aBlleHHeM AIlSl HHBaIlHAOB.
C OKTSl6pSl 1962 rOAa no MaH 1969-ro C KOHSeHE!pa CXOAHIl MO-
AepHH3HpoBaHHblH «3anOpO>KeLl» 3A3-965A C 60llee MOIl.lHblM
27-CHllbHbIM ABHraTelleM, pa60LlHH 06beM KOToporo YBellHLlMIlH
AO 887 CM a . Ero OTIlHLlallH TaK>Ke PYlleBoe KOIlCCO C YTonlleH-
HOM cTynHLleH, nOAcpapHIo1Klo1, CMOHTlo1poBaHHble B KpblllbSlX (a He
lia HHX), AeKopaTIo1BHblH MOIlAIo1Hr BAOllb 60KOBHHbi KY30Bi'I,
H3MeHeHHblH 3aBOACKOH 3HaK (BMeCTO 3Be3AoLlKH - npSlMO-
yrollbHHK), AeKopaTIo1BHaSl peweTKa Ha naHellH nepeAKa, Ha 61'1-
3e MOAem-t 965A BbrnYCKallHCb ABe pa3HOElHAHOCTH C PYLJHblM
ynpaBlleHlo1eM: 965AEi (1963-1969 rr.) H 965AP (1966-1972 rr.).
«3anOpO>KeLl-965» C caMoro HaLlBlla 6blll XopOWO npHHT no-
Tpe6101TelleM, CnpaBeAlllo1BOCTIo1 paAIo1 clleAyeT OTMeTHTb, LITO
(oc06eHHO Ha MaWHHax nepsoro BbmYCKa) HepeAKO TOpCI1OHbi
nepeAHeH nOABeCKIo1 Tep1l101 ynpyrocTb, a B >KapKYIO noro,C\y
ABHraTellb neperpesallCSI. Ho, HeCMOTpfl Ha 3TH «AeTcKlo1e 60-
lle3HIo1», MIo1KpOIlHTpa>KKa cpa3Y >Ke nOKa3alla ce6S1 C HaHr.YLlwcH
CTOpOHbl B cellbCKOH MeCTHOCTH, p8HOH8X C nIlC)(IMH AoporaMIo1.
XopoweH npOXOAIo1MOCTblO 3A3-965 06S13aH rllaAltoMY AHIo1L!.r/,
He3aBHCIo1MOH nOABeCKe BCCX KOllec, AOCTBT04HOH 3arpY3Ke
(60% 061l.1eH Maccbl) BeAYIl.IHx KOllec. B oc060 TSI>KellbiX CIlY-
Llalix, KorAa aBToM06HIlb OKa3blBallCfI He B COCTOSlHHIo1 C8M Bbl-
6paTbCSI H3 rpfl3H, ero 3KHna>K nplo1 1013BeCTHOM CTapaHIo1H BcerA8
Mor Bblcs060AHTb 1013 nlleHa BeCflll.IYIO IlIo1Wb 665 Kr Mawlo1HY,
1-1 ell.le OAHa oc06eHHocTb 3A3-965 C03Aalla eMY penYTaLllo11O
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