Машина неизвестного старика - Фоменко М.

МАӸИНА НЕИЗВЕСТНОГО СТАРИКА øФантастика Серебряного века. Том XIù
$В. Белов. \$
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Г. Северцев-Полилов. Человек с голубым бриллиантом
$А. Барченко. \$
В. Брюсов. Предсказания Нострадама о современной войне
$Указатель произведений, помещенных в томах I-X антологии \$
$В. Белов. \$
$В. Воинов. \$
$А. Барченко. \$
$Указатель произведений, помещенных в томах I-X антологии \$
Автор: Фоменко М.
Теги: художественная литература
Год: 2018
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Текст
                    ǴǨȀǰǵǨ
ǵǭǰǯǪǭǹǺǵǶǫǶ
ǹǺǨǸǰǲǨ
ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ
ǺȖȔ XI
ǷȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȈ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
Ǵ ǼǶǴǭǵǲǶ Ȑ Ǩ ȀǭǸǴǨǵǨ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ǺȖȔ XI. ǷȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ șȖșȚ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔ. Ǵ ǼȖ-
ȔȍȕȒȖ Ȑ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ — ǩ Ȕ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2018. —
352 ș Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ CCLǽXXI).
ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ terra incognita — ȉȍȓȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍ ǵȍ-
ȔȈȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȣȝ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȣ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȒȕȐȋ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈ-
ȓȖȊ ȒȖȕȞȈ XIX — ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȑ ǽǽ cȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ. ǯȈȟȈșȚțȦ ȖȕȐ
ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȌȈȎȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȒȘțȋȍ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȅȚȖȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȐȑ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȗȓȈșȚ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǹȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȏȈșȓțȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȐ
ǨȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ ©ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈª ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȈ ȊȖșȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȓ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȞȣ ©șȚȘȖȋȖȑª ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ȝȖȘȘȖȘȈ ȋȖȚȐȒȐ șȒȈȏȖȒ Ȑ ȓȍ-
ȋȍȕȌ ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȘȈȘȐȚȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȣ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ ȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȝ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ǯȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǲȕȐȋȈ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ ȊȍȌțȡȐȝ ȒȕȐȎȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȖȊ ȥȗȖȝȐ Ȑ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȔȐ
© Authors, estate, 2018
© M. Fomenko, Ǩ Sherman, șȖșȚȈȊ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ, 2018
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 8

ǺǮȆǶǻǮ
ǻǳǶǵǰǳǿȀǻǼǱǼ
ǿȀǮǾǶǸǮ

ǯȜȞȖȟ ǹȎȕȎȞȓȐȟȘȖȗ
ǲȁȃǼǰǶǲǳȄ

8
ǹ ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȠȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ ǫțș-
ȚȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȓȍș ȗȈȘȒ ȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȖȌȕȈ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚțȚ Ȋȣ-
ȠȓȖ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ Ȍȓȧ șȒȖȘȖșȚȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ
ȌȊȈ ȋȘȖȉȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȧȔț Ȑ șȚȖȑȔȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȈȘȒȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȖșȐȓ-
șȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ
ǯȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȍȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ
Ǫ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȊȐȌ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȁȍȓ ȧ Țț-
ȌȈ ș ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȓ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ
ǪȘȈȟ-ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȧ ȕȍ țȊȐȎț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ țȊȐȎț ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȒȘȐȊȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȟȍȗțȝț ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊțȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȐȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȐȓȐ Țȍ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȓȍȕȣ ȕȍȘȊȣ
Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȒȈșȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖșȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȓȦȉȖȊȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ș ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ
Ǫșȧ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȧ șȖșȚȖȧȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȓțȠȈȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȊȐȖȓȖȕȟȍȓȐșȚ Ȉ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȟȈȦ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȚȐ-
Ȟȣ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ.
ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȎȈșȕȖ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȔȕȣȔ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȣȝȕțȓ șȐȋȈȘȖȑ
țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȥȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ Ȗ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȍȕ ǯȖȊțȚ ȍȋȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȚȖȟȕȣȑ
ȌȐȈȋȕȖȏ ȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȦșȤ ȕȖ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȉȣȓ țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȍșȚȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ țȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȗȖȟȚȣ

9
Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȎȐȊȣȔȐ, ȕȖ Ȑ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔȐ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȖ-
șȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞț ǵȈ ȔȈȕȐȈȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȘȍȌ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, ȍȋȖ
șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ: —
Ǫ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȟȈȚȣȝ țȋȓȖȊ Ȑ ȌȐȈȋȕȖșȚȐȒȈ
— țȊȣ — ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠțȦ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȣ Ȑ ȖȒȕȖ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ǵȈ
șȚȖȓȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȕȐȋ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉțȒȍȚ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȝ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȘȖȏ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖ țȠȍȓ Ȉ ȧ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖ
ȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȒȈșȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȉȘȍȌȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȌȍȍ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ ȊȣȠțȟȐȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȐȚ
— ǲȖȏȓȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȒȖȒȖȠȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȣȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖșȒȖȓȖȒ șȕȧȓ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȝț-
ȘȈȎȒț — ȧ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ țȉȐ-
ȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȕȐȎȕȐȝ ȟȐȕȖȊ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȏȈș-
ȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȕȈȠț ȉȈȚȈȘȍȦ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȐȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȇ ȍȡȍ
Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȠȍșȚȤ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ a ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȑ ȔȖȧ
ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȋ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
țȎȍ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ș ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȕȍȕ
Ȑ ȒȖȕȚțȎȍȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȓȖș ǲȖȏȓȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ
ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȉ Ȓ ȎȍȕȠȐ-
ȕȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȕȖ șȗȧȡȍȑ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ
ǸȖșșȐȐ — ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǩȣȓȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȔȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȎȍȕȈ — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ. ǰ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ, — ȒȈȒ
ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ" — ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȖȋȖ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȘțȉȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȘțȉȖȒ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȝȈ Ȉ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ǲȖȏ-
ȓȖȊșȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȉȣȓ țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȈ-

10
ȗȖȘȡȐȒȖȔ ȏȈȗȈșȈ ȅȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȏȕȈȓ Ȉ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ țȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȕȕȖȋȖ ț ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȈ-
ȔȐ Ǫȣ ȍȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ Ǫȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȒț țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȓȈș-
ȒȖȊȖ-ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ — ȕȍ ȗȖ-ȏȍȔȕȖȔț — Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ
— ǵȍ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȣ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȌȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȇ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȖșȖȉȖȍ
ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȟȤȍ, ȟțȚȤȍ — ȧ șȘȈȏț țȋȈȌȣȊȈȦ ȒȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȉ ȒȖȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǪȈȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ...
ȇ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ
ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ șȚȈȌȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȍȍ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȠȓȖ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȇ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ
șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖ-
ȌȈȌțȚ țȎȐȕ Ǫȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȊȐșȒȈȝ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖșȐȕȍȓȐ Ȗȕ ș
ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ Ȑ, ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȍșȚȤ
— Ǩ ȕțȎȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍ-
ȘȐȞȈ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȗȐȕȣ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȈș țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
— ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȜȍȓȤȌ-
ȠȍȘȐȞȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ — ȇ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȘȍȌ ȥȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȕȖȍ...
ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȏȈȑȚȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȉȓȐȎȈȑ-
ȠȍȔ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚțȦ ȘțȒț ǵȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ
ȗțȚȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȔ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȍȔ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȒȐȊȕțȓ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȝ
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȐȉȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ș
ȒȍȔ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȈȗȘȈșȕț ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚȍ Ȉ
ȉȍȏ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒțȟȈȍȚ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ
ȗȖȟȚȈ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȔȈȓȖȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ.
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȜȐ-

11
ȞȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȍ ȇ ȉȣ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș
«Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ».
ǲȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ Ȍȕȍȑ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ǲȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȏȈ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ șȖȓȋȈȚȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ.
ǴȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ Ǫșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ
ȊșȍȔț ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȓț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȍȌȖȔȈ
Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑ — Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȈȌ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ țșȐȓȐȍ Ȑ țȎȍ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȦȡȐȔșȧ ȚȖȕȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ —
ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟț șȚȈȓȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȝțȎȍ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȉ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐ ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȉțȑ-
ȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȊȌȘțȋ țȚȐȝ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȈȔ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǰ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȧ ȊȈȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȦ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ — ȗȖȑȌȐȚȍ
Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȚȍșȤ șȈȔȐ
ȇ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȈȌ ȗȖ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ǯȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȗȉȓȍ-
ȚȍȚȤ ș ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ǭțȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȉȐȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈ Ȗ ȌȘțȋțȦ Ȑ ȘȖȕȧȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ
șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȐȖȌ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓșȧ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȏȐȔȣ.
ǺȘȈȊȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ șȓțȟȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖ-
ȘȖȏȞȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
Ǫ șȍȕȧȝ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȚȍȘ ȕȖȋȐ Ȗ
ȒȖȊȘȐȒ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǰȊȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȟț ș ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ
— ǬȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȍȡȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț
ȇ șȍȑȟȈș

12
ǹȍșȚȘȈ țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȟȍ-
ȘȍȊ ȌȊȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ Ȕȕȍ țȎȈșȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ șȘȈȏț ȖȎȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ǵȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ
șȐȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȘțȒȈ Ȗȉ Șț-
Ȓț Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ, ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȌȍȚȍ ȕț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
Ȏȍǰ ȒȈȒ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȘȍȏȒțȦ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕț
ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ șȍȑȟȈș țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȝȖȚȧ șȘȈȏț ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȉ ȔȈȕȍȘȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȐȕȈȧ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȒț
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȟ Ǵȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȔȈȓȖ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȓț-
ȠȈȚȤ ǶȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȍȓ ȕȖ ȡȍȒȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȓȖȉ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓȐ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǩȍȏ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ șȐȎț — țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȖ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ ǵȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȕȍ ȚȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ Ȕȣ-
șȓȐ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȚȈȊ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȋȈȘȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȓ Ȑ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ
ȥȚȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȗȖȘȊȈȓ ȕȖ ǩȖȋ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȗȖșȖȉ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ Ȗ șȈȔȖȔ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȒȖȔț ȝȖȟț Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȟț ȕȖ Ȑ țȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ, ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț! ȇ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȕȖ ȧ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȦ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȦ ȚȍȔ ȠȍșȚȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȖȊȤȍȚ-
șȧ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȔȈȝ-
ȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ: — ǭȡȍ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȓȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȖ-ȌȊȍșȚȐ
Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǯȈȉȣȊ ș ȒȍȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ
Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ Ȗș-

13
ȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȗȘȖ-
Ȑȏȕȍș
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, Ȋȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈș ȏȖȊț, Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ
ǭȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȣ ǮȦȓȧ ǪȍȘȕȈ șȟȐȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ șȒȈȏȒȈȔȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ǻȥȓȤșȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȟȍȗțȝȖȑ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȒȐ ȧ ȟȍȗțȝȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ"
ǰ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȍȔț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȖ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȟȐȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȔ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȒȈȔȍȠȍȒ ȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȒȘțȋȐ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ, șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ Ȗȡț-
ȚȐȔȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȔȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ ǷȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȠȈȘȈ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ș ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȉȖ-
ȓȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘțȎȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖ-
ȗȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ǭșȓȐ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȚȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȒȘțȋȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȐșșȧȒȕȍȚ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ șȖ-
ȏȌȈȓ ȊȖȓȕț ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȕțȎȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ǰǳǰ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǬȈ ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ"
ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȌȖȒȈȚȐȚșȧ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈțȟȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦșȤ ȐȉȖ ȧ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ"
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȖȚȘȐȞȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ
ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ
— ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȚȐȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȥȚț
ȚȍȖȘȐȦ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȊȈȔ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓȖ
ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȖȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ

14
ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȔȈȚȘȈȞȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ
ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȠȚȍȔȗȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȚȣȔȐ ȈȌȘȍșȈȔȐ
— ǪȖȚ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȍȏȌȐȓȖ ȗȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȟȍȓȣȝ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȗȖȒȈ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȓȍȋȈȓȤȕȖ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȔȏȌț Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȔȖȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȍ ǲȖȏȓȖȊșȒȖȔ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȍ ǫȖȓȖș ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤ-
ȕȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ «ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȠȤ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ șȍȉȍ șȗȘȖșȐ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖ ț ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ǩȣșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ» ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȍ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȊȈȔ Ȑȝ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȉ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ șȈȔ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȌȖ
ȒȖȕȞȈ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȖȌȕȖȗȖȓȟȈȕȐȕ ȍȍ ȔțȎȈ
ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȈ ȓȐșȚȖȟȍȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ
ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚțȦ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȐȔ șȈȔȐȔ ȜȘȈȏț «ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȔțȎȈ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ țȊȍ-
ȌȖȔȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ țȊȐȌȐȔșȧ».
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȌȕȍș Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ Țȍ Ȏȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
— ǺȈȒ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǺȈȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— Ǫȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȉ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȊȍȟț,
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȈ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ țȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȟȈș Ȋ
ȟȈș Ȗ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎțȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ Ȑȏ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȊȠȐȝ ȍș-
ȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȘȈȟȐ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȎțȚ Ǩ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȧșȕȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȌȈȟț Ȑ Ȋ

15
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȍȍ ȘȍȠț ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ țȔȘț Ȑ ȕȍ țșȗȍȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ
ȓȦȌȧȔ ȔȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȦșȤ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ țȔȘț ȚȖ șȖȑȌț ș țȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȦ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȓȖȋȐȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕț Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ-
ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȖșȈȌȧȚ ȒțȌȈ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȓțȠȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ
Ǩȝ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ șȍȑȟȈș șȐȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ
ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǵț-ș ȊȖȚ ȍșȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȖȗȖȓȟȈȕȐȕ ȠȚȈȉș-
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȕȒȖ ǷȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ ȖșȕȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎȐȊ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ ȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕțȦ
ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ ȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȉ
ȕȍ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȜȘȖȕȚȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȦ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ț ȕȈș ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ —
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǪȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȝȘȈȔ ǷȘȍșȊȧȚȖȑ ǩȖȋȖȘȖȌȐȞȣ ǵț-ș
ȚȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȚȖȟȕȖ țȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ
ȟȈșȖȊ Ȍȕȧ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ șȊȖȍȑ
ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ǬȣȝȈȕȐȍ
țȟȈșȚȐȓȖșȤ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȍ Ȗȕ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȣ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȍȣ-
ȠȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȈȡȍ ǭȋȖ ȓȍȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ șȚȈȓȐ
ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȚȤ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ; ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȊȖȓȐ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ
ǳȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈșȐȧȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ:
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȖȉȍȌȈȦȚ ǺȈȔ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȒȖȗȣ Ȑ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȕȒȖ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȓȦȠȍȊȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǪȖȚ ȌȍȕȡȐȒ ȗȘȐȕȍș
șȈȔȖȊȈȘ Ȑ ȌȍȕȡȐȒȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȝȖȝȖȓ ȇȞȍȕȒȖ ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ
Ȑȏ oȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ǸȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȚ ȧȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȉȍȏțșȣȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ǩ ȊȖȚ șȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ ȍȡȍ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȠȚȈȉȕȖȑ... ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȧșȕȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ-

16
ȐȏȕȖșȐȚ ©ǷȧȚȤșȖȚ ȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȍȊª Ȑ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ǪȖȚ ȍȡȍ
ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ
ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
ȇ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖȒȈ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ
ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȏȊȈȚȤ șȍșȚ-
Șț ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ
ȍȋȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȇ țȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȏȈȉȖȘ-
ȔȖȚȈȓ
— ȅȝ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ǩȝ!
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ — ȏȈȓȍȗȍȚȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ
șȗȘȧȟȤȚȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ, ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ǽț ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ
ȍȡȍ șȓȈȉ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȉ ȕȍ-
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǬȈȑ-
Țȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȌȣ
Ƕȕ ȊȣȗȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ țȎȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ǫ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȋȐ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȚȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȔȈȚȘȈș, Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠ-
ȒȈ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ șȍȓ ȕȈ șȚțȓ șȚȖȧȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
ǪȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ
ȕȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǵȍ ȗȖȘȈ ȓȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ?
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȔȍȚȕțȓ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ ȒȖȎȈ
ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȘȖȏȖȊȍȓȈ ȇ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȠȒȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ
— ǬȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȘȈ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș
ǵȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖșȐȌȍȚȤ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ" — ȌȍȘȏȒȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȟ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ:
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȍȕ ȗȖȒȖȑ

17
ǵȖ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ țȠȍȓ Ǩ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȑȒȍ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȔȖȓȖȌȍȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȐȧȓȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȚȍȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟț
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ ǷȘȖȡȈȧșȤ,
Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ
ǮȈȓȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǲȘȖȔȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȍȘȤȍȏ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞȣ, Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȚțȗȈȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Țȍ ȗȖ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ȗȈȘȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ țȊȐȎț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȐ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ ȝȓȦȗȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȓț-
ȎȐȞȈȔ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȘȖȔȖȟȍȕȣ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ țȍȝȈȚȤ
Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȗȖ șȒțȟȕȣȔ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȑ
ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ Ȉ
ȓȖȎȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȚȈȓȣȔ
ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǯȈȉȣȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȗȉ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȈȕȌȘȍ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ Ȗȕ
șȕȖȊȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȟȐșȚȖȔ, ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȔ ȕȖ ȘȊȈ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȍȓȤȍ Ȑ șȈȔ ȊȍșȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ șȐȓ
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȓ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȔț șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ
ǵȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕțȦ
ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞț Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț ȚȖ țșȓȣȝȈȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȠȓȖ ȘȍȏȒȖȍ țȝțȌȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț Ȋ ȒȓȐ-
ȕȐȒț ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ
— ǺȈȔ ȊȈș ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȖȗțșȚȧȚ — ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȏȈȚȐȝ-
ȓȐ ǷȖȋȖȌȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȊȐȏȕȈ ȚȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȐȓ ȔȐȘ Ȑ Ȋ «ȟȍȓȖȊȍȞȍȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȓȍȕȐȍ».

ǹȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǩȣȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ș ȜȘȖȕȚȈ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȧȔ ȈȓȤȉȖȔ ș ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔȐ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ-
ȔȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑȝ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȓȤȉȖȔ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȕȐȔȒȖȊ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȊȠȍȔ ȏȍȔȓȧȕ-
Ȓț Ǫ ȗȓȦȠȍȊȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ șȐȌȍȓ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȕȈȝ ȠȚȈȉș-ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȌȍȕȡȐȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȊȈȘȈ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ
șȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȉ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ
țȝȈ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȕțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ
ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȐȞ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ,
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȝ ȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǷȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ
șȈȔȣȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖ-
șȚȍȑ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ǹȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞț ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȊ ȕȈ șȐȌȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȠȚȈȉș-ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ"
— ȅȚȖ ȠȚȈȉș-ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȕȒȖ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȡȐȒ ȇȞȍȕ-
ȒȖ — țȎȈșȕȖ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ȝȖȝȖȓ; ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȕȒȖ
țȎȍ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȋȍȖȘȋȐȍȊșȒȐȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȍȋȖ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ?
—ǵȍȚȕȍȏȕȈȦ —ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȧȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȕȐȖȟȍȔțȎȍȕȍ
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ǬțȔȈȓȖșȤ
©ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ȊȍȘȕȈ».
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȑ ȧ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ Ȉ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȝȖȚȧ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȟȈș șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȍȓ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȓȍȟȐȓșȧ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ,
Ȉ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈȒȈȏȕȣȔ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ
ǶȚȊȍȚ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ Ǵȕȍ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȒȘȖȊȖȐȏ-
ȓȐȧȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋ
ǴȐȓȖȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȐȎț ȝȖȚȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ

ǯȜȞȖȟ ǹȎȕȎȞȓȐȟȘȖȗ
ǼǯǳȇǮǻǶǳ

20
ȇ ȎȐȓȈ ț șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȗȖ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǪȍȘȣ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȟȈșȚȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȍȍ ȉȘȈȚȍ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒȍ ǲȖȓȍ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȍ ǪșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȋȖ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ
țȍȏȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț
ǪȍȘȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȧ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ ȌțȠȈ ǲȖȓȐ ǹ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ
ȏȈ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈ țȔȍȕȤȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ǲȖȓȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȖȎȈȚȐȍ ȐȓȐ țșȓȣȝȈȊ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȜȘȈȏț ȊȘȖȌȍ ©ǬȈ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȘȈȊȐȚȍșȤ» ȝȊȈșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȤ șȊȖȑ «țșȗȍȝ» ǲȖȓȧ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ șȈȔȣȝ
ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȊ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȝȖȌȐȓȈ ǪȍȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȤ,
țȔȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȒțȟȈȦȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȍȊȕțȚȤ
Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȔ
ǿțȚȤȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ șȓȈȌȒȖȍ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ
— ȚȈȑȕȈ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȕȍțȔȍȕȐȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ
șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȈȓȤȉȖȔ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȒȈȔȐ
ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȖȌȕȈ
— Ǻȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈșȤ șȧȌȤ ȏȈ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȚȈȔ ȔȍȕȤ-
Ƞȍ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȕȐ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ
ǵȈ «Țȣ» Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȑ ǲȖȓȧ
șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȦȕȒȍȘȖȔ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȗȕ ȕȐ
ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȖȉȔȖȓȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ
ǰ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȈ Ȋ ǲȖȓȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȘȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȗȘȈȎȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ
ȔțșȒțȓȖȊ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȕȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣ
ȚȈȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȍȦ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ
ǲȖȓȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȍȕ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȟȈșȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ
ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ǲȈȏȈȕșȒȐȑ șȖȉȖȘ ȒȖ ȊșȍȕȖȡȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȓȐȘȖșȈ ǷȘȖșȓțȠȈȍȔ «ǩȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐ
ȌțȠȍ ȔȖȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ» ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȔșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȒțȌȈ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊșȒȐȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ

21
ǵȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȕȈȠȍȔț șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȈ ȘȈȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓșȧ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈȔ țȦȚȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȔ ȊȍȘȝȍ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȌțȝȈȔȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȖșȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȚȒȈ Ȑ șțȒȕȖȔ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȒȠȍȑ ȠȐȕȍ-
ȓȐ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȐȕșȒȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȎȐ-
ȓȐ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ǵȣ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȉțȌȍȚ țșȒȖȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȗțșȒ
ǯȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ǲȖȓȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȗțșȒ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ǴȈȚȤ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǪȍȘȈ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ
ǰ ȧ Ȑ ǲȖȓȧ ȔțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ Ȗȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖ-
ȉȖȦ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ ǬȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ
ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ
ȇ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȕȍȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȏȈ
șȊȖȍȑ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȠȗȖȘ Ȑ ȚȐȝțȦ ȜȘȈȏț
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȧ țșȚȈȓ ȉȍȏ Țȍȉȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ
ǬȖ țȟȐȓȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȏȌȣ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǯȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȣȗțșȒȖȔ, Ȋ ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ ǲȖȓȧ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȎȍȕ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
— Ǵțșȧ ȔȐȓȈȧ Ǵțșȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Țȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȓțȗȍȕȤȒȈȧ Ȑ șȓȈȉȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȊȖȘȖȉțȠȍȒ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȠȤ,
Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȤȦȚ Țȣ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ șȐȓȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȉ ȊȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șțȔȍȦ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ǩțȌȍȠȤ"
— ǩțȌț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ
— ǷȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ șțȔȍȦ Țȍȉȍ ȌȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ
șȊȖȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ Ȉ ȗȖȒȈ ȎȐȊ
ȉțȌț ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȊȖșȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȈȔȚ
ȇ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ǪȍȘȈ Ȑ
ȍȍ( ȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ǲȖȓȦ ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ Ȋ

22
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȑ Ȋȣ Ǵțșȧ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ
ȇ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ șȍșȚȘț Ȉ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȕȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȌțȘȕȖ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȧ
Ȋșȍ- ȚȈȒȐ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ
ǯȈ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȕțȚȣȝ ȚȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ șȒȘȣȚȕȣȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ǵȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȐȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȜȘȈȏȖȑ ©ǷȐșȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȈȡȍ ȌȈ
ȕȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȋȌȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ǩ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ
ǹȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȏȌȍșȤ — ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȗȐȘȖș Ȉ șȈȔȖȍ
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ — ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȈȗȐ-
Ƞț ȍȡȍ»
ǵȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȧ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ș ǪȍȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȐȔȧ Ȋ șȗȐșȒȍ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȘȈȕ ǴȖȍ șȈȔȖȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȍȍ Ȑ Ȕȣ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȗȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȈȟȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ
ǲȖȓȐȕ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ǶȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȟțȚȤ ș țȔȈ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȠȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȓȈ
ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȓȐ ǪȍȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȍȓȧ ǲȖȓȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ șȚȈȓȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȓ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ Ƕȉȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȚȞț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȈ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȎȐȚȤ ǷȈȗȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ǰ
Ȕȕȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ țȦȚȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ǲȖȓȐȕȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȇ șȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ƕ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ Ȕȣ ȚȘȖȍ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
Ǫșȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ Ȉ ȟȍȋȖ — Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȓȈ — ȧ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ǲȖȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚ șȊȖȍ
ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȌȈșȚ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ǺȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ
ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȈȔȚȍ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȖȗȖȏ-
ȌȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǪȍȘȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǲȖ-
ȓȐȕȣ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ

23
Ǵȣ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȊȣ-
ȕȖșȐȔȖ ȚȧȎȒȖ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȓȍȋȟȍ
ǲȖȓȧ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȘȈȕ Ȋ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȡȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ǪȍȘȈ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȔ Ȑȝ
ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȐ ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȒȈ ș șȐȕȍȑ ȒȈȏȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȣȓȒȈ ș ȊȍȡȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ țȎȍ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȓȏȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȔ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈȔ ǵȈȠ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ
ȒȓȈșș ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
ț ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȣȝ
ǯȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖ șȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȓ ǪȍȘȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȚȖȗȐȚȤ
ȊȖșȒ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȍȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ ǵȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȗțȝȈ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ șȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȉ ȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȞȣȘȒȕțȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ
ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȗȖȠȓȈ șȈȔȈ ȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȧȚȤ ǶȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȖȟȚȈȓȤȖȕ ș ȗȖșȣȓȒȖȑ Ȑȏ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȈȘ-
ȔȐȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȍȍ ȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ ǲȖȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȧ ȏȈȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ
șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȋȣ țȎ șȈȔȐ
ǸȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖșȖȊȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȊ
Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ ȜțȘȈȎȒȈ Ȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȧȚȐȒȖȗȍȍȟȕȈȧ
ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒȈ Ȋ șȐȕȍȑ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȔȧȚȈȧ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȊȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȐȞȣ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȣ Ȉ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȕȊȍȘ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȗȘȖȔȖȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ǫ ȜțȘȈȎȒȍ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ «ȊȍȟȕȖȍ» ȗȍȘȖ ș ȕȍȊȣșȖȝȠȐȔȐ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ Ȋ
șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ — ȊȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ țȎȐ-
ȕȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ǷȖȌȘțȋȐ șȒȖȘȖ țȠȓȐ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖșȊȍȎȐȚȤșȧ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍ
ȕȈ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊșȒȐȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ
ȟȈșȈ
ǪȍȘȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ țȎȍ șȗȈȓȐ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ ȠțȔȍȚȤ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈșȤ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȓȍȎȈȊȠțȦ

ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȖșȣȓȒț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ǴȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȔȖȒȈȠȒȈ ǵȈ ȕȍȑ
ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȚȚȐșȒ ȌȊțȝ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ șȚȘȖȟȍȒ ǲȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ ȧ
ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȦȊȈȘ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ǶȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȚțȈȓȍȚț Ȑ
ȗȖȌȕȍșȓȈ Ȓ șȚȍȒȓț ȘȖȏȖȊțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț ǰ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȓȈ:
«Ǵțșȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȔȖȧ Țȣ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȇ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ șȊȖȍ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈ».
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȇ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȓȍȋȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ǲȖȓȐ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȍȏȈȝ

ǯȜȞȖȟ ǹȎȕȎȞȓȐȟȘȖȗ
ǯǳǱǿȀǰǼ

26
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȏȍȕȣ țȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ǰȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȚȈȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȐȓȐ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȍ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ-
ȕȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ
«Ǭțȝ ȉȍșȗȓȖȚȕȣȑ ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊșȒȈȧ șȊȧȚȈȧ», — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȔț ȟȈȦ
ǩȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȑ șȣȕ
ȍȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ǫȖȘȧ, Ȑ ȊȖșȤȔȐȓȍȚȕȧȧ ǳȦșȍȕȤȒȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ
ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȖȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒțȉȐȒȖȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘȖȉțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȔȖȓȒȈȓȐ
ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȎȐȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȈȔȐ ș ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȚȖ
ȓȐȠȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȌ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȊȠȐȔ Ȕȕȍ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȐȔ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
țȌȖȉȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ șȖ șȚȖȓȖȔ.
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚț șȍȔȤȦ ȍȡȍ ȟȈȡȍ ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ
ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍȚ ǰȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȊȣȊȖȌ ȟȚȖ ȥȚț ȊȖȑȕț ȖȕȈ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȝȐȘțȘȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȚȖș-
ȒțȍȚ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșșțȌȖȟȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ǲȖȓȐ ȕțȎȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȐȝ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȦ,
șȖȑȌț ș țȔȈ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȉȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚ
ǻȚȍȠȈȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȔ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚȍ șȖȉȖȑ,
ȟȚȖ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ.

27
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ «șȔȍȘȚȤ ȔțȎȈ» ǩȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ț ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ șȗȐșȒȈ țȉȐȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȓ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȔ"
— ǰȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȐșȍȔ ǲȖȓȐ ȧ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȝ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ
șȖȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȦȚ ǩȣȓȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ǫȈȘȠȐȕȖȊșȒȐȔȐ «ǯȈȗȐșȒȈȔȐ Șȧ-
ȌȖȊȖȋȖ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ» Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȔȐ ǯȈ-
ȚȍȔ, Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ șȊȍȚ-
ȓȖȑ Ȑ șțȝȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ — ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ǺȈȒȈȧ ȧ țȎȍ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȓȐ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ
ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ ȕȖ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚț ȕȍȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȖȑ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ ©Ǫșȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȍ ȧ țșȓȣȠț Ȑ țȏȕȈȦ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ Ȉ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ — ȖȕȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȐ» ǵȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȧ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ
ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȍȔ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȔ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȐ ș ȍȍ ȕȐ ș ȔȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȥȋȖȐȏȔȖȔ
ǻȎȍ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȖ ǵȍȊȍ ȓȍȌ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ ș ǺțȘȞȐȍȑ
țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧȔ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ-
ȕțȚȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
ǳȐȞȖ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȖȎȐȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȐșȍȔ ȍȍ ȔțȎ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ Ȑ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȒț ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ
ȗȖȟȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȗȖ ȗȐșȤȔț Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ǲȈȚȍȘȐ-
ȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȠȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ șȈȔȈ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȋȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȍșȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǲȈȒ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ǲȖȓȧ șȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȐșȤȔȈȝ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȖ-
ȘȖȒȈ ǿțȚȤȍ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎȐȊ Ȉ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȗȘȐ-
țȟȐȓȈ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ

28
ȇ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȌ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȣ Ȑ
Ȓȓțȉȣ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȘȍȎȐȔț ǯȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȝ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȊț-
Ȕȧ- ȚȘȍȔȧ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȖȑ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȏȈ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȟȈȍȔ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ
ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȐȓȐ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȖȘȧ Ȑ ǳȦșȍȕȤ-
ȒȈ țȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȒțȦ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȘȈȏ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ
— ǪȚȖȘȣȍ șțȚȒȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȍ Ȉ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȐȑ ȗțșȚȧȒ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ȓȈȔȗȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȏȈȊȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ — ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȓȖȗȕțȓȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȋȖȘȍȚȤ ǰ ȧ
șȍȉȧ țȉȍȎȌȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȕȖ țȠȐ ȔȖȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȇ ȗȖș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȕȖ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȔ
ȕȈȐșȒȖșȖȒ ǰ șȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȚȘȍș-
ȕțȓȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȉ ȏȊțȒ ȉȣȓ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ șȓțȝȈ ǰ șȖȊșȍȔ
țȎȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȏȈȠȍȓ
ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǸȖȋțȓȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȠ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȑ
ȊȘȈȟ ȝȖȝȖȓ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ Ƕȕ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǰ ȧ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ș ȕȐȔ
ȥȚȐȔ șȓțȟȈȍȔ ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ țȊȍȘȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ǸȖȋțȓȧ șȊȈ-
ȓȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȕȖ ȔȖȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ț ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȓȖȗȕțȓȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȈȎȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȍ
Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ șȒȈȘȓȈȚȐȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȣȕ ȚȖȎȍ ǲȖȓȧ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ — țȔȍȘ ȇ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȦ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȣȋȕȈȓȈ

29
ǸȖȋțȓȦ ȊȖȕ ǷȖȚȖȔ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȍȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ ǬȖșȈȌȕȖ
ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ȇ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȍȏȖȕȕȍȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ — ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȋ ȓȈȔȗȍ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ șȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȖȚ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ țȓȐ-
Ȟȍ ȓȖȔȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕț șȍȒțȕȌț ȖȗȖȧșȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ
șȚȍȒȓȖ
ǹ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǲȖȓȦ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌțȚ ȐȓȐ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȠȚȈȉ
ȗȖȓȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǬȖșȈȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȐȌțȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ
ǪȍȌȤ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ ȕȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǰ șȗȈșȐȉȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȐ-
ȘțȍȚ
ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖșȊȍȎȍȓȈ ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȎȐ-
ȓȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ǩ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ,
Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ Ȑ șȗȐșȒȈ țȉȐȚȣȝ ǻȎȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȍȑ ȐȕȣȔ ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ Ȑȕȣȝ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ȧ ȊșȚȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȖ țȔȣȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ǷȖȟȚȐ
șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋ șȗȐșȒȍ țȉȐȚȣȝ Ȕȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ
ȐȔȧ ȖȚȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȟȐȕ ȔțȎȈ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ ǷȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȇ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ǵȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȗȐȚȤ ȒȖȜȍ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȗȘȐșȓȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǵȍ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȖȚ-
ȒȈ ǷȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȖȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǯȌȍșȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ,
ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȐ ȞȐȜȘȣ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȕȍȊȗȖȗȈȌ
ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-

șȚȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ"
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǸȖȋțȓȧ ȉȣȊȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȉ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȍȑ țȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔțȎȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ Ƕ șȓțȟȈȍ ș ȓȈȔȗȖȊȣȔ
șȚȍȒȓȖȔ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǸȍȠȐȓ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ǬȍȓȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ țșȐȓȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȌțȘȕȖ
ǲȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȖȚ ǲȖȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤșȧ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȍ ǷȈȊ-
ȓȖȊȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ș ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔȐ ȊȍșȚȧȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ
— Ǩ ȧ ȕȍ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț"
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȧ ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȍȑ ȓȋȈȚȤ șȈȔȣȔ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȎȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ȧȒȖȉȣ ț șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȊȖșȗȈ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ șȍȋȖ-
Ȍȕȧ Ȏȍ țȍȝȈȚȤ
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȘȖȓȤ ȇ Ȑ
ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȘȈȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ șȊȖȐȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȖ
ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȍȓȤȍ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ǪȖȚ, Ȋȣ ȌȘțȋȐȝ țȔȍȍȚȍ țȚȍȠȈȚȤ Ȉ șȈȔȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ ȇ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚ-
șȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
_____
ǭșȚȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȚțȝȠȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȖ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑȝ — ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȑ șȊȍȚ — Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȋȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȒțșȖȟȒȈ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȠȈȘȖȔ

ǮțȠȜțȖȗ ǼȟȟȓțȒȜȐȟȘȖȗ
ȀǳǻȊ ǵǮ ǼǸǼǽǼǺ
ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ

33
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȈ ȏȈȚȖ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈȌȖ țȝȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȊȖșȚȘȖ
ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȡȍȓȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȔȍȕȐȓ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȐȒ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȎȤȍ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȗ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒț ȗȧȚȤ ȗțȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȍȊ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȏȈȘȧȎȈȚȤ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț
— ǲȘȈșȈȊȍȞ — ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ — ǹȉȍȋȈȑ-ȒȈ ȗȖȐȡȐ
Ȕȕȍ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȧ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦșȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȐȒ Ȑ
șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȖȒȖȗȈ Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȟȈȊȒȈȓȈ ȋȘȧȏȤ
Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȊȍȘȝșȘȖȟȕȣȑ șȓț-
ȎȈȒȈ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȗȘțșșȒȈȧ ȗț-
ȓȧ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȖȋț ǸȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȊ ȍȍ Ȝȍ-
ȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȖȦ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ, ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ
ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȐșȍȚ ș ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȍȔȕȍȊțȦ «ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȒț».
— ǷȖȒȖȘȕȍȑȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȎȐȊȍȚ șȒȖȘȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ
ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ țȋȓțȉȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ ȗȍȕȤ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ țșȍȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȉȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȌȣȔȖȔ ǶȉȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ-
ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȋțșȚȣȔ ȉȈșȖȔ ȎțȘȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚ
— ǿȍȋȖ Țȣ ȌțȘȈȠȒȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȠȤșȧ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȎȈȘ" ǯȕȈȑ,
ȉȍȘȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȞȍȓ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȑ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȅȑ Țȣ ǽȘȈȔ-
ȒȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ, ȚȈȔ" Țȣ ȟȍȋȖ ȏȘȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț șțȍȠȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗ" ǫȓȧȌȐ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǴȖȓȖȌȞȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȐȒȐ-ȚȖ ț ȕȈș — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ, ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȦ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǿȍȋȖ țȎ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ,
Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ — ǪȍȌȤ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȑ ȗȧȚȤ ȌȨȕ ȕȍ șȗȧȚ
șțȝȈȘȧȔȐ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȟȈȦ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ șȕȐȏț — ȊȖȌȈ șȊȍȘȝț —
ȊȖȌȈ ǫȍȘȖȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȚșȧ"
— ǲȈȒ ȖȚȒțȌȈ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ — Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȊȍȌȤ Țȣ șȈȔ — ȋȍȘȖȑ ǸȈȕȍȕ Țȣ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȝȖȌȐȠȤ Ȑ
șȓțȎȉț ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȠȤ

34
— ȇ-ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȑ" — Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȜȍȓȤȌ-
ȜȍȉȍȓȤ — ȇ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚțȚ Ǩ ȖȕȐ-ȚȖ
ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȒȚȖ ȖȚ șȖȝȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȣ ȒȚȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȚȖ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȍȡȍ Ȉ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ ȉȖȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ș ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȐȏȊȐȓȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȖȒȖȗȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȐșȒȘȐȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǻȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǼȍȌȖȚȖȊ șȚțȒȕȐ ȡȍȓȒȕȐ ȗȖ ȌțȘȤȍȑ ȉȈȠȒȍ
ǽȘȈȔȒȖȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗ ȕȍ ȓȍȏ ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ǴȖȓȖȌȟȐȕȈ
ǼȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ țșȍȘȌȐȍȔ ȕȍțȒ-
ȓȦȎȍȋȖ ǼȍȌȖȚȖȊȈ ȡȍȓȒȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈ-
ȗȖȑ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ǽȘȈȔȒȖȊȈ
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ǪȌȈȓȐ țȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ǹ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ,
ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȚțȟȈ
— ǲ șȕȍȋț ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ— șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ Ȑ ș
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ — ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȔ ȏȈ ȚȈȉȈȟȖȒ
— Ǻȣ ȒțȌȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǶȉȖȑȚȐ ȖȒȖȗ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȜȓȈȕȋț ȗȖȒȈȘȈțȓȐȚȤ ǲȈȉȣ
ȕȍȔȞȣ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț ȕȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȊȣȓȧȓ ȊȖȘȟȈ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȈ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ
— ǵȍ Ȋ ȉȈȉȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȍȠȤ ȕȍ ș ȌȍȊȒȈȔȐ ȠțȚȒȐ ȠțȚȐȠȤ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȋȓȧȌȐ Ȋ ȖȉȈ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ țȋȈȌȈȓ ǺțȟȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȘȖȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗȍȘȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ șȕȍȋȖȔ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ
Ȉ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȗȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ-ȈȘȠȐȕȈ ȕȈȕȍșȓȖ șȕȍȋț Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ
ȔȍȎȌț ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȧȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȗțȠȐșȚȖȑ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȑ
Ǩ șȕȍȋ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȌȈȓ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȒȖȊȣȓȧȓ ȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ Ȓ șȖȓȌȈȚț Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǹȕȍȋ șȋȘȍȉȐ ș ȋȘȍȉȕȧ ȖȒȖȗȈ șȕȍȋ șȋȘȍȉȐ Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȖȕȈ-
ȌȍȍȠȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗțȓȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȕȍȋ ȗȘȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȚ ȏȈ ȔȐȓțȦ ȌțȠț ȌȈ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ǹȕȍȋ șȋȘȍ-
ȉȐǷȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȜȓȈȕȋȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȊȈȓȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȜȍȓȤȌ-
ȜȍȉȍȓȤ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȡȍȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȋȓȖ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ

35
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȋțȡȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȔȘȈȒ Ƕȕ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ țȉȍȎȌȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȒȓțȉȐȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȔȈȧȟȈȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȣ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȚȟȈș
Ȏȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȣȉȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȕȍ-
ȋȈ ǼȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ȑ ȔȟȈȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ
Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȏȍȊȈȑ ǵȍ ȏȍȊȈȑ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȒȈȉȣ ȈȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ǫȓȧȌȐ, ȕȍ ȖȗȓȖȠȈȑ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒț Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȋȍ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦȚșȧ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ —
ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ, ȗȘȐȔȍȔ ȗȖȋȘȍȍȔșȧ
ǷȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǬȍȘ-
ȕȖȊț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȕȈȗțșȒȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȟȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ȕȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȒ
— ǲȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȈ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȔȐ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȎȈȓȒȐȔȐ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȣ-
ȔȐ ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȦ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȖȉȈ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ
2
Ƕȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȖȉȏȈȊȍȓșȧ
ȞȍȓȣȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ Ǫ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȒȖȗȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȍ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȈȧ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȐșȍȚ ș ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȧȡȐȒ ș șȖȚȕȍȑ ȗȈȚ-
ȘȖȕȖȊ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȥȔȈȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȘțȎȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȟȈȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒțșȒȖȊ ȖȚșȣȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȈ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȑ șț-

36
ȝȈȘȤ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȉȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȕț ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ǩȣȚȤ ȈȚȈȒȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȗȖȓȏțȚ Ȗș-
ȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȓȍ
— ǫȌȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȘȈȏț ȖȎȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȓȐ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȗȈ ǹȕȍȋ șȓȍȗȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȔ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍ-
ȉȍȓȤ — ǪȖȚ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȚșȧ
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȐșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ȖȒȖȗȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȚȍȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȚțșȒ-
ȓȖȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ȖȚ șȕȍȋȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȈȓȈ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȈ
ǩȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐȌțȡȍȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ
șȖ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȗțȓȧȔȐ ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȣȏȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠ-
ȒȈ ȟțȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȔ ȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ țȉȐ-
Țȣȝ ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ
ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȍșȣȝ ȔȧȚțȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈȝ șȕȍȋȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ Ȉ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȋ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȎȐ-
ȔȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǬȈȚȤ ȏȈȓȗ" —ș ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ — ǪȍȌȤ ȚȈȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ"
— ǶȌȐȕ — ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ — Ǩ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
— ǬȈ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȖȗȒȍ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ȆȘ-
ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ ȗȖ ȖȒȖ-
ȗț Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊ ȗȖ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȔȍȎȌț
ȊȍȌțȡȐȔȐ ȉȖȑ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȔȐ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȐ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ

38
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȍȍ
Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȘț ǭȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ
ǶȒȖȗȣ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ Ȗȋ-
ȕȧȔȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȚȈȘȈȚȖȘȐȓ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ ǪȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȘȈȒȍȚȈ
Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȖȓȧ ǵȈ ȗȖȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȊȠȍȔ
ȕȍȉȍ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȠȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ș ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ Ǯȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȕȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȕȍ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ șȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȑ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȗȖ-ȚȊȖȍȔț ȌȖ ȕȍȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȈ-
ȗȖȘȡȐȒ
— ǹ  ȉțȌȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ — ǿȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȌȤȔȈ ȟȚȖ
ȓȐ"— Ǩ ȕȈȠ ȗȘȐȞȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǹȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ Ȑ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐ-
Ȓț
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȜȓȈȕȋȈ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȕȍ ȉȍȘȍȋțȚ" — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǰ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ
ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊȈ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǷȖȗȣȚȈȍȔ șȟȈșȚȤȧ"
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ — Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȔț
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȚȍ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȠȚȣȒȐ Ȋ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ țșȗȍȝȈ ȖȉȍȡȈȊ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȒ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ
ǴȍȠȈȓ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ Ƕȕ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȊșȦ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț ȕȈȡțȗȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȒțșȚ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȓțȟ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ
— ǵȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ǵȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ

39
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐ ȊȏȊȖȌȕȣȍ
— ǵȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȖȚșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǹȚȈȓ țȚȐȝȈȚȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ș ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑ Țȍ țȔȖȓȒȓȐ ǺȈȔ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȌȣ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȗȖȠȈȘȐȓ ȗȖȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȦ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ ǴȍȎȌț ȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȍȋȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ Ȑ șȓȍȗȈȧ
ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȠȖȘȖȝȖȔ șȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ǷȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ
ȗȖȋȕȈȓ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ȚțȟȐ șȕȍȋȈ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȧ ș ȗȖȓȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ
ȗțȠȐșȚȣȍ șțȋȘȖȉȣ
3
— ǫȖȚȖȊȤșȧ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȊ șȔȖȚȘȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȘțȒț
—ǫȖȚȖȊȤșȧ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ șțȔȒȐ ș
ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȚȣȒȐ Ȑ ȚțȎȍ ȗȖȌȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȧșȈ — ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȖȔ ȊȣȘȖș ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ
ȋȖȘȕȐșȚ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐȊȈȓ ȘȖȎȖȒ
— ǹȐȋȕȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ǬȍȘȕȖȊ — ǹȚȘȖȑșȧ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑȏ
ȖȒȖȗȈ
ǹȈȔ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑȝ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȠțȔȧ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȍȕȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȠȍȌ-
Ƞȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȗțȓȧȔȐ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȍ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȐȔ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ
ȗȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȚȧȕțȓȐ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȈ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȍ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șȔȍȓȖ Ȋȍȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋȍ-
Șȧ Ȋ țșȗȍȝ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ — ȊȖȓȒ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȈȌȍȚșȧ ȏȈ

40
ȕȐȔ șȚȈȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȓȣȝ Ȑ șȔȍȓȣȝ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȍȔț șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȍȍ
ǪȖȚ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘ ǰȏ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȐ ȌȊȈ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ ȗțȓȐ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ ǵȖ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǶȚȘȧȌ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȈ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȓ ǬȍȘȕȖ-
Ȋț ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ — ȀȈȋȖȊ ȟȍȚȣȘȍșȚȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ǷȖșȓȈȚȤ ȉȣ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ-
ȔȐ
— ǷȖȠȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȑȌț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȝțȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȧȊȣȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑȏ
ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ ǯȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȊȐȝȘȈșȚȣȑ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȓțȎȐȓ ȍȋȍȘȍȔ ț ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ
ȊȣțȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ «șȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ» ȏȊȍȘȧ ǹȊȖȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ ȉȖȍȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ șȍȉȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȍȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț
ǲȖșȖȋȖȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȕȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ǸȈȏ-
ȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ
— ǵȈȏȈȌ — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ țș-
ȗȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȐ ȌȊȍ
ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȗȈȚ-
ȘțȓȍȔ ǸȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȏȈȗȖȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȊȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȖ
ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Halt!
ǷȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȍ Ȓ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȍ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒ
țȌȈȘȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȈșȒȘȍ-
ȎȍȚȈȓ ȠȚȣȒ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊ ȗȖ ȒȖșȚȐ ǵȍȔȞȣ ȘțȝȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ,
Ȉ șȕȍȋ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ Țȍȓ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ Ȋ șȚȈ ȠȈȋȈȝ
ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȏȈȒțșȐȊ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ
ȒȘȍȗȟȍ șȎȐȔȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȊșȗȣȝȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȗț ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈ-

42
ȊȐȓȐ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ©Ȍȓȧ ȊȐȌțª Ȋȧȓȣȑ
ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȒ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȌȚȐ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȖȚȘȧȌț
ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțșȖȚȕȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȠȈȠȒț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȘȐȒȕțȊ
— ǹ ǩȖȋȖȔ ǻȘȈ-Ȉ-Ȉ
ǺȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȦȡȐȔ ȥȝȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
«țȘȈ» Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȕȖȋ
ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȒȘȐȟȈȡȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȉȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȈȧ
șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȦ Ȁȍȓ ȘțȒȖȗȈȠȕȣȑ ȉȖȑ
ǩȐȓȐ ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȈȔȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǩȖȋ Ȑ șțȌȤȉȈ Ƕȕ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ Ȑ Șțȉȕțȓ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ șȚȈȘȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ
ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ țȉȍȋȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȗȘțșșȈȒȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȋȈȕȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ «țȘȈ»
țșȐȓȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ Ȑ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȒ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ — Ȑ «țȘȈ» Ȑ
ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȖȋȖȕȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ Ȋ
țȗȖȘ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȣȔȐ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȍȡȍ ȕȍȗȖȋȈșȠȐȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȘȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȦ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȊȏȧȓȐ — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȗȘȖȚȖȓȒȈȊȠȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȖȓȗț șȖȓȌȈȚ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔ șȕȧȓ ȗȈȗȈȝț Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȗȈȗȈȝȐ
— ǸȈȌȣ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ — ȋȈȘȒȕțȓȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
ǵȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ țȎȍ ȊȖȘȟȈȓ
— ǯȈȕȐȔȈȑ ȖȒȖȗ ǵȍ Ȋ Ȑȏȉț ȟȈȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȊȖȌ,
ȊȣșȚȈȊȤ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȝ ǷȍȚȘȍȕȒȖ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈș-
șȊȍȚȈȍȚ ȗȖȊȣȒȐȌȣȊȈȑ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȑ țȠȍȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ
ȓȖȗțȝȐ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȍȊ ǵ-ȕț ȎȐȊȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ

4
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐ-
ȘȈ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ țȚȘȈ
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȈȝ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȘțȌȣ țȉȐ-
Țȣȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ șȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ ǳțȎȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȍȡȍ
Ȋ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȍ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȘțȎȤȧ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ șȊȈȓȒȍ ȗțȓȍȔȍ-
Țȣ ȠȚȣȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈșȒȐ
ǺȘȐ ȘȧȌȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȓȤȧȔȐ
ȖȒȖȗȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȗȖȓȒȖȔ
ǲȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȕȐȏț Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
ȌȖȓȐȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖșȚȍȓ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ șȋȖȘȍȓ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȍȣ-
ȔȐȓșȧ
ǬȍșȧȚȒȈ ȚȘȐ Ȑȏȉ ȒȘȣȚȣȝ șȖȓȖȔȖȑ ȦȚȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȉ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȈșȤ șȚȍȕȈ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȍȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ
ȖȒȈȑȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȔȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȏȈȝȖȌȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȣ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏȉ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
— ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȖȒȖ-
ȗȣǵȖ ȍȋȖ ȌțȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȣ ȊȏȊȖȌȕȣȔ Ƕȕ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȍȌțȚ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȚȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ țȎȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ
ȘȈȗȖȘȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȗȖȓȒȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȣȘȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȉȍȋț ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȈ
— ǳȐȝȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȓȐȝȖȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȐ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ
ǰ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ
— ǸȈȌȣ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǻȘȈ-Ȉ

ǮțȠȜțȖȗ ǼȟȟȓțȒȜȐȟȘȖȗ
ȁǿǹȉȆǮǻǻȉǳ ǺǼǹǶȀǰȉ

45
I
ǫȖȘȧȟȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ ǴȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ
șȓȍȏ ș ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȌȖ-
ȕȐȒȖȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȐȒȖȕȣ
ǹ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȖȊȣȝ ȌȖșȖȒ șț-
ȘȖȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȓȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȣȝ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ Ȋȍ-
Ȓț ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȐ șțȘȖȊȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȊȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ
ȊȍȘȣ Ȑ ȓȐȝȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȑ țȕȖșȐȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȘȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȝȘȧȔȐ
ǴȖȓȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ șȕȖ-
ȝȐ ȍȋȖ
ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȖșȖȉȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȏȈȉȖȚȈ
ǬȊȈ șȣȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ǩȖȋ ȔȐȓȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȉȖȦ
Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
Ȉ ȖȚ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍșȚȍȑ
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȏȍȕȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ
ǵȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȣȕȖȊȤȧȔ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ
ȊȕțȟȒț ǷȍȚȍ.
ǶȚ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǷȍȚȧ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ — țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ ȗȘȍșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǷȍȚȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȍȌȈ ǷȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȣ-
ȔȐǷȖȌȘȖș ȊȕțȒ ǰȏ șȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȌȍȌ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ, Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȦ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Ȕț ȕȍțȟȍȕȖȔț Ȋ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȚȍșȕȖȚȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǷȍȚȧ țȎ șȈȔ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȏȈșȚȈȓȈ
ǵȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȌț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ș ȗȖȓȒȖȔ țȠȍȓ ǷȐșȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȏȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ
ǷȐșȈȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ǫȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȍȌȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȎȍșȚȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȧ

46
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ǷȍȚȧ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȌȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȐ ȉȘȈȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ƞȍȓ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȉȖȑ ș ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ǷȧȌȤ
ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ șȊȖȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȍ ȡȈȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǫȖȘȧȟȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȔȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȈ
II
ǹȌȍȓȈȊ ȚȘȐ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȈ ǨȒȐȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ǩȖȋ ȐȔ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ șȗȈ-
șțȚșȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȧ
ǩȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȖȑ ȊȍȘȣ Ȋ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉȍ ȉȈȉȣ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ țȎȐȕȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȏȍ șȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȊȖȌȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧ-
Țȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȒȖȗȣ ©țȘȈȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔª ȋȌȍ
Ȗȕ ȗțșȒȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȋȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȖȋȕȦ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țșȓȣ-
ȝȈȓ Ȗ ȊȣȌțȔȒȍ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȌțȠȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȧȌȖȔ.
ǴȍșȚȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȉȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǽȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȟȈȌț ǴȖ-
ȓȐȚȊȈ ȕȈ țȔ ȕȍ ȠȓȈ ǨȒȐȔ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȍș Ȑ ȉȘȍȓ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȐȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȖȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ
ȋȈȏȍȚȍ
ǪȖȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ǵȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȚȈ ȊȤȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ
ȊȌȈȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȖȗȓȖȚ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǺȈȔ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ,
ȏȈșȍȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤȦ șȊȖȍȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȖȌȐȕț Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ.
ǺȈȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ ǼȍȌȖȘ Ȑ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ — ȊȕțȟȍȒ
ǷȍȚȧ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ șȔȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ

ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚțȎțȘȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȕȍȋȕțȡȍȑșȧ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȠȐȕȍ-
ȓȐ ǵȈȌ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȟțȚȤ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȌȣȔȖȒ
ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȉȖȑ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȖ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖȍ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖ ȊȖȦȡȍȍ ǻȗȈȓȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȏȈȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȍȘȕ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑ
șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑ ȎțȎȎȈȡȐȍ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ǲȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȓșȧ șȚȖȓȉȖȔ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȗȖȓȏ ȗȖ ȚȘȈ-
Ȋȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ
ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȕțȒ ǷȍȚȘțȠȈ
ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ șȕȧȓ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȊȕțȟȒț ȌȍȌȖȊșȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǺțȘȐȕșȒȐȑ ȘȖȌ — Ȋșȍ ȖȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȖȗȐșȞȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ǹȈȔ ǨȒȐȔ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȉȍȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȐȓȐ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȖȗȐșȞȍȊ
ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕțȒȈ ȐȒȖȕț — ȉȓȈȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ.
Ha ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȐȒȖȕț ǩȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȐȚț ȕȈ ȌțȉȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȌȖșȒȍ ǪȘȍȔȧ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ șȓȍȌȣ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȖȑ, ȖȚȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȟȍȠțȑȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȔȈșȓȧȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȐ
ǶȚȟȐșȚȐȊ șȚȈȘțȦ ȌȖșȒț ȐȒȖȕȖȗȐșȍȞ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȒȐșȚȧȔȐ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȈȘȝȐșȚȘȈȚȐȋȈ ǴȐȝȈȐȓȈ ǩȘȖȕȦ ǨȒȐȔ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒțșȒȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ȔȍȓȒȖȦ ȟȍȒȈȕȒȖȑ
ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȊȕțȟȒț ǷȍȚȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȐșȤȔȈ
_____

III
ǷȖțȎȐȕȈȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ǺțȘȐȕȣ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ
ǻȎȍ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȚțȝȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ǺțȘȐȕșȒȖȑ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ
ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǯȈȎȋȓȐ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȒȐȔ țȊȐȌȍȊ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ
— ǲ Țȍȉȍ ǨȒȐȔ ǵȐȒȖȌȐȔȣȟ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȊȍșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
— ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȒȘȍșȚȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ — ǷȘȖșȚȐ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎț ȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ
ǹȍȊ ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȌȒțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌȒț ȖȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ șȓț-
ȎȐȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȒț ȋȌȍ ȊȕțȒ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȟȚȖ ǷȍȚȘțȠȈ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ țȎȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȈȌȈȝ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȖȦ ȗțȓȧ țȌȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȈ
ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȔ șȗȈșșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ǷȍȚȧ ǲȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȉ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖșțȋ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȒȖȗȣ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦȚ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȉȖȦ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȕțȒ ȚȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș șȣ-
ȕȖȊȤȧȔȐ ȚȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȉȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȦȚ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȐȠțȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈȝ ǸȈȌ ȧ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘțȦ
ȊȍșȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȑȌț ǪȌȖȊȍ Ǩȕ-
ȜȐșȍ ǹȔȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ șȣȕȈ Ȑȏ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ țȠȍȓ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǨȒȐȔ
ǺțȘȐȕ
ǵȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈ țșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȊȍȘȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȈȧ
ȌțȉȖȊȈȧ ȐȒȖȕȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȗțȓȦ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȕțȟȒȈ ǷȍȚȐ

ǺȎȞȘ ǸȞȖțȖȤȘȖȗ
ǺǮǺȉȆǮǻ

50
I
— ǴȈȔȣȠ Ȉ Ȋȣ Ȋ ȈȔțȓȍȚȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ"
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ǵȖ Ȋ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ
ǲȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȣșȓȧȔ ȟȍȔ
ȕȈȣ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȔ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈȔ
— To ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȘȖȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȍ țȊȍȘȍȕ ǬțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȌȖȘ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȊȏȌȖȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ș ȦȕȖ-
ȠȍșȒȖȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ.
Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ Ȕȣ ȉȣ ȏȈ-
șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ǵȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓșȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ Ȉ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ
ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȐȍ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȖ-
ȋȖ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ.
ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȍȘȒȐ Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ Țț-
ȋțȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊțȦ ȓȈȌȈȕȒț ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȍșȍȔȒȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȈȔ ȊșȍȔ șȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȓȈȌȈȕȒȈ.
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ. — Ǫ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
Țȣ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ.
— ǳȈȌȕȖ
— Ǩ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȧ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖ
ȇ țȎȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ șȓȣȝȈȓ ȗȘȖ ȥȚț ȓȈȌȈȕȒț ǭȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȈ ȍȔț
ȎȍȕȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȌȖ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȊȍȕȟȈȕ ȅȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȗ Ȏȍȕȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ Ȑȝ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȐȏȎȐȚȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȖȒȘțȠȐȔțȦ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȦȦ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ

51
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍșȚȈȒȚȕȖ ȆȕȖ-
ȠȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǫțȉȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ
țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ
— ȇ ȊȍȘȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȘțȒț ǩȖȘȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚțȦ ȘțȒț
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȓȖȝțȦ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ. ǷȖȚȖȔ
Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȈ Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ
ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȏȈȘȍȊȈ ȘȈȒȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȕȖȟȕȖȔț ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ ǩȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȓȈ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ Ȉ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȟȈș
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ ȕȐ Ȓ ȒȖȔț Ȋ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ.
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȈ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ"
Ǵȣ țȌȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȖȖȉȡȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ǴȈȔȣ-
ȠȈȕ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȌȈȊȠȐșȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȗțȒȓȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȓțȚȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ" ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȇ țȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ.
Ǵȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț șȍȑȟȈș ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ǴȈȔȣ-
ȠȈȕȈ ș țȌȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
ȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚȈ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ Ȗȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ-
șȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ țȔȍ
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȐȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȊȍȘȚȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȘțȒ ȌȘțȋȈ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȘțȋȈ — ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȧ ȗȖȒțȠȈȓșȧ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȕȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȓȍȊȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ
Ǵȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȈ
ȚȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȈșȐȔȔȍȚȘȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕȈ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖșȔȍȧ-
ȕȐȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ƿțȓȧ ȗȖȊȘȍȌȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȘȍȏȈȓ șȍ-
ȉȍ Ȋȍȕȣ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȌȘȈȓ ȘțȒȈȊ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȖȑ

52
ȘțȒȍ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȍșȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȗȖȘȍȏȣ
— Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȕȈȌ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȔ ȘȍȒȐ șȍȉȍ Ȋ
ȋȘțȌȤ ȇ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ țȚȖȗȐȓșȧ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ Ǵȣ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ.
ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ:
— ǹȗȈșȓȐ
ǰ șȚȈȓ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ǭȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ țȏȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȌȈșȚȖȔ
ȒȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȔȍȝȈ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ
șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǹȓȖȊȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȓȍȡȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ, — Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ
Ǫ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ șȖȟȕȣȝ ȋțȉȈȝ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ-
ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȋȖȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ.
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȗȖȚȧȋȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ
— Ǩ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȟȈȑȒț" ǳȈȊȘȐȒȖȊ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȌȍȕȡȐȒȈ
ǷȖȒȈ ȚȖȚ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ș țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȟȈȍȗȐȚȐȧ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ș ȗȈțȏȈȔȐ
— Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗțșȚțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ǹȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȠȍșȚȤ ȖȚȉȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ǩȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǷȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕț Ȑȏȉț; Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ȗȖȓȧȒ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ©ǷȈȕȍ ȚțȚȥȑ ȕȍȔȞȣª
ǬȈȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȖȋȖ-ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒț. Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ.
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȌȊȖȘȒȐ ǳȦȌȍȑ ȧ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȋ ȓȍșț ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȍȍșȧ-
ȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ©ǷȈȕȍ ȕȍȔȞȣª ǷȖȊȍȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǪȣȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȚȈ ǪȌȘțȋ «Halt!
Wer da?» ǰ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ ȘȈȏ-ȘȈȏ ǯȈȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ Șț-
ȎȤȧ ǴȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȒȈ țȗȈȓ. ȇ șȓȍȏ ȗȖȚȘȖȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍ-
ȓȐȚșȧ ǬțȔȈȦ ȗȖȍȌț ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ țȘȈ ǷțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘȤȍȘ ǪȐ-
Ȏț ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȤ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȖȑ șȗȖȚ-

53
ȒȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ ǻȌȈ-
ȘȐȓ ȕȈȋȈȑȒȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ǳȦȌȐ șȚȖȘȖȕȧȚșȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǺȍȗȓȈȧ
ȓȍȚȕȧȧ ȕȖȟȤ ǯȊȍȏȌȈ ǪȣȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒțȦ țȓȐȞț ǵȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȍ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțȓȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ Ȕȣ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȐ
—ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ș ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ
— ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȠȈȘȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ.
ȀȈȘ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȚȘȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȘȣ-
ȓȖ ǬȊȖȐȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȚȊȖ, ȧ
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ, ȐȏȊȐȕȧȧșȤ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȖ ȏȈȘȎȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȈș ȗțȓȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȘȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȘ-
ȒȖȊșȒȐȑ
— ǬȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ǻ ȖȉȖȐȝ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ǴȈȔȣ-
ȠȈȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȇ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ǲȈȒ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȗȖȠȓȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȕȣ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȕȣȔ
ȖȋȕȍȔ ǸȈȏȈ ȚȘȐ ȧ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȠȓȐ
ǶȕȐ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ǰȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǲȘȐȟȈȚ ȕȈȔ ©Ǫșȍ
ȘȈȊȕȖ șȌȈȊȈȑșȧª ǲȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȚ ȌȊȖȍ ȘțȎȤȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ
ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ǶȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ
— ǨȋȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ǻȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ — ȇ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȐȓ ǷȘȖȔȈȝ ǶȌȐȕ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȚȣȒȈȍȚ ȠȚȣȒ ǷȘȧȔȖ
ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒț Ǵȣ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ — ȗȘȐȒȖȓȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǵȖ ȗȖȌȔȧȓ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȊȐȎț ȚȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȓȍȎȐȚ țȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȇ șȐȎț ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȞȍ ǷȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ
ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ǯȈȉȘȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǫȓȧȎț Ȋșȍ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ȖȒȖȗ
ȊȏȧȚ
— ǩȣȊȈȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ
ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ, ȐȏȊȐȕȧȧșȤ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȖ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȍȓ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȘțȒ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȘȚȈ
ȋȖȘȤȒȈȧ șȒȓȈȌȖȟȒȈ Ƕȕ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȝ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ

54
©ǪȖȚ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ țȗȖȘȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ Ȓ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȕȍȗȘȐȧȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ».
ǷȖșȗȍȓ ȟȈȑ
— ǷȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞȈ ȊȈȠ șȚȈȒȈȕ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕț șȚȈȒȈȕ ș ȌȣȔȧȡȐȔ-
șȧ ȟȈȍȔ
ǰ ȕȈȔ ȊșȍȔ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕț —
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȐȟȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊț — ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ Ǵȣ ȗȐȓȐ ȟȈȑ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ
ȕȈșȚțȗȈȚȤ
II
ȀȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȖȋȐ
Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȋȘȧȏȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ Ȏȍ șȈȗȖȋȈȔȐ ǿțȚȤ șȊȍȚȈȓȖ ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȔ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȗȘȐșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȈȧ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ǵȖ ȏȈȗȧȚȣȍ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȖȋ Ȑȏ ȎȐȌȒȖȑ
ȋȓȐȕȣ Ȕȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȠȖ-
ȒȖȓȈȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȐȊȖ ȟȍȔ Ȗ ȍȎȍșȍȒțȕȌȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǲȚȖ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ Ǫ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȒȘȈȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǲȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕț ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȎȈȕȍ
— ȇ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ ȘțȒț
Ȓ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȋȘțȌȐ
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ
șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȇ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȓȈȌȈȕ-
ȒȐ ǩȣȓȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ
Ƕȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕț
— ǵț Ȉ Ȋȣ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ȚȖȎȍ" ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ
ȊȈș ȅȚȖ — țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ

55
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȜȘȈȏȣ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǭȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȎȈȕ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȍȚȒț ȌȖȎȌȧ
ǸȈȏȘȣȊȣ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȓȐșȤ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȧȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȚȍșȕȣȔȐ
ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȈȔȐ ȗȓȍȓȐșȤ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ
— ǶȜȐȞȍȘȈ țȉȐȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ — ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǭȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȖȠ-
ȓȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǳȦȌȐ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȘȈșșȚțȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǳȈȊȘȐȒȖȊ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ǩȖȘȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕț
ȇ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȓ Țȍȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȤ,
Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǰȏ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȓ șțȌȤȉȍ
— ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ «Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ»? — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ.
ǷȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ
— Ǩ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ. — ǾȈȘșȚȊȖ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ...
ǰ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȍȋȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȔȈșșȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȏȈȚȖȗȟțȚ ȅȑ ȖȉȝȖȌȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȕȐȔ
ȘȧȌȈȔ Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȘțȒȖȑ
Ǵȣ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȈ șȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȇ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕȖȔ, Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑȝ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȉȓȍșȒ
— ǳȈȌȈȕȒȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȘȈȎȌț
III
ǬȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȗȖȓȤȏț ǯȈȕȧȊ-
ȠȐ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ Ȕȣ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȖȑȚȐ ǵȈȠȈ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ șȓȈȉȖ ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȘțȋȈȧșȤ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȐ ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ Ƞȍȓ
ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ țȉȐȓȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȘțȋȈȓ-
șȧ.

ǷȘȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȚȍȘȧȦȚ șȊȧȏȤ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ
șȐȓ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ țȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ
Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȈȓȣ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣ Ȑ
ȔȖȒȘȣ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȘȈ-
șȖȓȖȊ — ǭȑ ǩȖȋț ȧ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕț ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ
—ǲȈȒ?—ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓșȧȧ —ǨȋȌȍȎȍȖȕ"
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȑȟȈș șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȖȚșțȚ-
șȚȊțȍȚ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ.
— ǶșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȝ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȘȈ-
șȖȓȖȊ
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȔȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȍȔț ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȕȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȇ țȌȐȊȓȧȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ șțȌȤȉȍ ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕȈ
ǪȖȑȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȕȣ ș ǷȘȈșȖ-
ȓȖȊȣȔ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
—ǨȕȍȗȘȐȠȓȖȓȐȊȈȔȊȋȖȓȖȊțȟȚȖșȕȐȔȉȣȥȚȖȋȖȕȍ
șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȊȟȍȘȈ
— ǵȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ
ǷȘȈșȖȓȖȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǪȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ șȔȣșȓ ȇ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȣșȠȍȍ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǵȈȌ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ș ȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȉ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȌȣȔȈ Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ
ȠȓȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȋ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ

ǰȎȒȖȚ ǯȓșȜȐ
©ǸǼǺȁ ȅȀǼ ǿȁǴǲǳǻǼª

58
I
I
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȖșȤȔȐȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȚȖȧȕȖȒ ț ȚȖȊȈȘȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
șȚȈȕȞȐȑ Ȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȒȖȊ, ȏȈȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȖȘȍ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȕȈȠ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ
ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȘȈȔȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ
ǵȈ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȝȈȎȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȌȊȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȌȖȎ-
ȌȍȊȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȖȌȗȖȧșȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȔ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ Șȣ-
Ȏȍțșȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȌȖȋȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈș țȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȗțȚȐ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȑȏ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ Ȑ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȓ țȎȍ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȊȖȑȕț — ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒțȦ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȝ,
ȏȈșȓțȎȐȓ Ȓțȟț ȕȈȋȘȈȌ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȞȈȘȈȗȐȕȣ
Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ș ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȗ
ȉȖȧȝ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȧȝ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț.
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȠȈȋȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȔ ȗȖ
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȖȔ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȚȖ ș ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȊȘȖȌȍ Țȍȝ ȟȚȖ ȕȖșȧȚ
ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘșȒȐȍ ȚțȘȐșȚȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ
ǴȍȠȖȒ ȗȘȐȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ ȌȊțȔȧ ȘȍȔȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȊȐșȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȧ șț-
ȚțȓȐȓ șȗȐȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ

59
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ ȋ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ
șȊȖȐȔ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ȥȚȐ ȔȍȠȒȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȘȐșȚȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȚȈȔ ȚȐ-
ȘȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȓȍ țȊȐȌȐ-
Țȍ ȒȈȒ țȌȖȉȕȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȊȖȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǻ
ȊȈș-ȚȖ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȖȑ ȌȊțȒȖȓȒȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȈȋȈȎ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȔ ȕȈ ȉȐȊțȈȒ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȟȈȦ ȕȈȗȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȈȔ ȍȡȍ Ȉ ȌȊțȒȖȓȒȈ ȊȈȠȈ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȍȘ-
șȚȈȝ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ Ȑȏ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȊȣȓȍȏȚȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȟȈȑ Ȑ
ȏȈȒțșȒȈ Ȉ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ș ȗȓȍȟ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ — ȋȖȚȖȊȖ
ȌȍȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ țȌȖȉșȚȊȖ
— ǵț, țȎ ȏȈȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȈȓȖ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȉȈ-
ȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ, — ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȖȘȉț ȚȈșȒȈȚȤ
ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȍȚȍ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ Ȕȣ ȏȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȊȍȘșȚ șȖȘȖȒ ȗȘȖȠȈȋȈȍȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȣ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȓ ȋȖȘȕ,
Ȑ ȗȖȓȒ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ șȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȕțȦ ȒȖȓȖȕȕț
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȣȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓșȧ Ȋșȍȑ
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȚȣșȧȟȍȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȈșșȖȑ Ȑ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȧ Țț-
șȒȓȖ șȚȈȓȤȦ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȚȣȒȖȊ ȗo ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȕȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
II
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȍȔ ȘȖȚȣ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȓȐȞȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȐ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȉȖȏȖȊ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȓȐȕȍȍȒ Ȑ ȌȊțȒȖȓȖȒ șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ
— ǵț șȊȐȌȐȔșȧ ȓȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȏȈ-
ȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȒȈȒȖȑȚȖ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ
— ǰȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ȌȊȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ.
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈ-
ȔȐ:
— Ǩ ȊȈȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȌȊȈ Ȑȝ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ" Ǭȓȧ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗțȓȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ ȔȈȓȦșȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒțșȖȟȒȈ Ȉ țȎ ȒȖȔț ȕȍ șțȎ-

60
ȌȍȕȖ — ȚȈȒ ȚȖȔț ȝȖȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
— Ȟȍȓ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȚ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒțȦ ȊȖȑȕț țȞȍȓȍȓ
Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȏȈ ȉȘțșȚȊȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ
ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ, Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȘȖȚȣ
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ:
— ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȞ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗțȓȐ
ȕȍ ȉȍȘțȚ ȝȖȌȧȚ șȍȉȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍȠȒȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
III
ǬȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȋ ȗȣȓț șȚȣȟȒȐ ȕȖȊȣȝ, ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ǻȎȍ șȔȍȘȒȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȠȈ ȘȖȚȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȘȍȌȍȊȠȈȧ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȓȐ-
ȕȐȦ Ȓ ȚȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȥȚȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ
Ǫ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȗțȕȒȚ Ȑ ȕȈ
țȓȐȞȈȝ șȕȖȊȈȓȐ șȈȕȐȚȈȘȣ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȍșȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈ-
ȊȈȝ șȍșȚȘȣ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ Ȉ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ț ȏȈȉȖȘȖȊ șȊȍșȧ ȕȖȋȐ
Ȋ ȒȈȕȈȊȈȝ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȖȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȥȊȈȒțȈȞȐȐ
ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȞȐȋȈȘȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȉȍșȍȌțȧ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȑȏȉ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ
ș ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȑ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ, ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȥȚȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ
ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȝȊȈșȚȈȓșȧ
ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȖȔț.
— ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȟȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ" ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȊȈȠ ȔȍȠȖȒ?
— ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ȅȚȈȒȈȧ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȋȓțȗȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"
— ǬȈ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ, — ȘȈ-
ȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ șȏȈȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈ Ȑ ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȔȍȠȖȒ
ǵț ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȖȑ ȉȈȋȈȎ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț. ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈ-
ȒȈȧ ȌȖșȈȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ ȉȖȦ

— ǵț Ȉ șȗȐȕȈ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ? — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ șȗȐȕȈ — ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ, — șȗȐȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ țȠȐȉȓȍȕȈ șȐȕȧȟȐȡȍ ȊȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȖ
ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ ȚȖȘȉț ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȕȐ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȊȍȡȐ ȕȍȚ ǶȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ — ȕȍ ȊȍȏȍȚ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȇ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȐȕțȚ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȍȔț ȊșȓȍȌ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ș
ȥȚȐȔ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȕȍ
ȊȐșȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȗ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ șȖȎȈȓȍȓ
IV
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ
ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȐ ȠȓȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȖȚȊȍȓȐ ȕȈș Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȕȈ ȖȚ-
ȌȣȝǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ șȍȓȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȌțȘȕȖ
Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȐȚȖȋȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȔ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — ȖȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ Ȑȏȉț ȋȌȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ —
Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈȠ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȔȍȘ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ" — ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȧ. — ǲȖȋȌȈ
Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ țȉȐȓȐ"
— ǲȈȒȖȑ țȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ. Ǫȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ-
Țȍ șȍȉȍ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȣȗȐȊ
ȊȖȌȣ Ȑȏ ȏȈȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈ ǵe ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȌȐȒȈȧ
șȔȍȘȚȤ"
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
Ǵȕȍ ȧșȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȘȣȎȍțșȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ©ȕȍ
ȉȘȈȓȐ ȗțȓȐª Ȋ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ șȗȐȕț ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȔ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ
ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȍȔ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȔț
șțȎȌȍȕȖ
ǵȍȓȍȗȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ Ȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ
șțȌȤȉȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ

ǮȞȘȎȒȖȗ ǯȡȣȜȐ
ǺǮȆǶǻǮ ǻǳǶǵǰǳǿȀǻǼǱǼ ǿȀǮǾǶǸǮ
(ǷȖȌȊȐȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǳȐȘȖȕȈ

63
, ǩțȔȈȋȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǹȓȈȉȣȑ șțȝȖȑ ȏȊțȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȌȖ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȋȌȍ
ȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȠȚȈȉȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ
ȖȘțȌȐȑ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȏȈ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȔțȘȣȑ ǳȍșȉȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț ȗȈȓȈȚ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ:
— ǵț ȕȈȠȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ǺȖȎȍ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǳȐȘȖȕ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚ Ȗ ȗȓȍȕȕȖȔ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȍ Ȋ ȗȈȓȈȚȒț ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ǹȍȕȌȐ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ țȝȖ
— ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȉȘȖșȐȓ ǳȐȘȖȕ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȖȔ — ȚțȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ
— ǷȖȉȍȎȐȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȖ ȊȝȖȌ — ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ...
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈ"
— ǻȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ
— ǲȚȖ țȔȍȘ"
ǹȍȕȌȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȋȘțȗȗț șȖȓȌȈȚ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȍȌȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȠȈȗȒȐ Ȑ șȍȌȣȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍ-
șȟȈȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȓȖȗȤȧ ȗȖȉțȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ
— ǪȖȚ — ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ Ȍțȝ, ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǹȍȕȌȐ — Ȗȕ ȊȈș ȏȊȈȓ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǳȐȘȖȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐ-
Ȓț
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȊȈȓȐ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ șȓȈȉȈȧ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȈ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȓ ǳȐȘȖȕȈ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ.
ǳȐȘȖȕ ȕȈȗȘȧȋ ȊșȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ
Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȐȊȒȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ

64
— ȇ ȊȈș ȏȕȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ǳȐȘȖȕ — ȍȡȍ ȚȐȠȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȗȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ȗȖȥȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȧ Ȑ Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ǺȖȚ șȕȈȘȧȌ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ șȍȑȟȈș ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓșȧ
ǳȐȘȖȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȏȊțȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
— Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ
— ǿȚȖ"
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǳȐȘȖȕț ȒȈ-
ȒțȦ-ȚȖ șȊȧȏȒț ȉțȔȈȋ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ. ǷȘȖȟȚȐȚȍ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ǰșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț
— ǭșȓȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖșȐȚȍ
ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȦ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
— ǶȚȕȍșȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǳȐȘȖȕ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ
Ǻȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȦ Ȓ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ Ȉ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖș-
ȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȍȔț șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǹȍȕȌȐ Ȓ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȍ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ — ȝȔțȘȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȉ Ȋȣ"
— ǴȍȕȤȠȍ ȊȈș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ. — ǰ, ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ, ȌȖȉȈ-
ȉȈȊȐȓ: — Ǩ ȊȐȌ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȓȋțȚ.
— Ǫȣ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȟȍșȚȕȖȔ șȓȖȊȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȧȦȚ ȠȚȈȉ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ Ǫȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș ǹȍȕȌȐ"
— ǲ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȗȈȓȈȚȒț ǺȈȔ ȌȖȖȉȍȌȈȦȚ ȉȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǹȦȌȈ
ȗȘȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǭȡȍ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓțȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȊȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ ȗȈȓȈȚȒț ǳȐȘȖȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȚȈȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȕȖ-
ȚȖȕȕȖȍ ȋȘțȉȖȍ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǵȈȋȘȍȊ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȎȍ
ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ
țȎȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȉ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓ

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șȓȣȠȍȕ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȖȓțȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȊțȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ șȖȓ-
ȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ǹȍȕȌȐ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ" — ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȚȖȚ ȍȎȈșȤ ȖȚ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ǹȍȕȌȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȈȍȔ
II ǹȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ șȈȘȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈ ǳȐȘȖȕ
ȕȍ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȒȕȖȗȒȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǹȍȕȌȐ, — ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
ȉȣȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȌțȋȖȊȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȊȍșȤ șȈȘȈȑ ǯȍȔȓȧȕȖȑ ȗȖȓ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȒȐȌȈȕ
ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȔȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȒțșȒȈȔȐ șȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȉ
ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȊȟȍȘȈ ǳȐȘȖȕț Ȑ ǹȍȕ-
ȌȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȓȐșȚȒȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ
șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ
ǲȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȔȈȠȐȕ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȝ ǳȐȘȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ǹȍȕȌȐ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ șȈ-
ȘȈȧ ǹ ȊȐȌț ȖȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ ȖȗȘȖȒȐ-
ȕțȚțȦ ȓȖȌȒț ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȕȈ ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ș ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȔȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȒțȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȑ ȠȐȕȈȔȐ ǺȖȕȒȈȧ
ȉȘȖȕȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȑ șțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȐȓȤ ȓȖȌȒȐ,
ȊȍȘȝ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧ Ȉ șȊȍȘȝ ȉȘȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ țșȍȧȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȠȐȗȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȑ șȍȚȤȦ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȥȚȐ ȠȐȗȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ, ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ?
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ǹȍȕȌȐ" ǷȖ ȗȓȈȕț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ, ȕȈ
ȥȚȐ ȠȐȗȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒț ȊȚȣȒȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȗțȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȘȕ,
ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȦ..
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ, — ȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȋȖȘȈȦ ȖȚ ȕȍ-
ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ ȕȈȘȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȈșȤ

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ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǳȐȘȖȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȟȒț Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȋ șȈȘȈȍ Ȑȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȎțȚȒȈȧ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ
— ǯȈȎȋȐȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǹȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȖȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ,
țȏȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț ǳȐȘȖ-
ȕȈ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ-ȒȈȦȚȣ ǰ ǳȐȘȖȕ Ȑ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȈȚ
ȥȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șȐȌȍȕȤȧ ț șȖȘȖȒȈ țȏȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȉȖȘȚȕȣȝ ȉȖȑȕȐȞ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȏȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌțȓȖ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ
— ǹȖȘȖȒ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȊ Ȋ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȋțȡȍ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȧ ǹȍȕȌȐ — Ȋ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȋțȡȍ
ǳȐȘȖȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ǹȍȕȌȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ, ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȋȓțȗ
ǭȋȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖ-

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ȋțȓȖȒ Ǩ ȥȚȐ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ, ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȐȌȍȚ ȌȣȔ șȋȖȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ — ȖȕȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȓț-
ȠȈȦȚ ȠțȔ
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ" — Ȑ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ Șț-
ȒȖȧȚȒȍ ȊȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȒȖȠȒȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȌțȡȐȑ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋț
— ǹȍȕȌȐ — ȌȐȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǳȐȘȖȕ — ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ"
ǹȍȕȌȐ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǳȐȘȖȕȈ
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȍ
ǹȍȕȌȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ
— ȹ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȈ
ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȹ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖ-
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ǹȍȕȌȐ, — ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȗȕ —
ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȕȍȔ ȥȚț ȘțȒȖȧȚ-
Ȓț ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȐȔȍȕ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȈȘȈȧ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐșȤ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ ȌȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȑȝ țȕȚȍȘ-ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫșȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ"
— ǹȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȒțșȒȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȕȈȘȣ-
ȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȤ Ȑ ȊȍȚȒȐ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȕȍșȐȚȍ Ȋ șȈȘȈȑ
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ, ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǹȍȕȌȐ Ȋȣ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚȍșȤ
ș ȕȐȔȐ ǬȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȉȖȑȕȐȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȕȍ ȗȈȓȒȐ Ȉ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ǩ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȓ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ
ǰ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȗȕ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
III. ǲȈȒ ȊȣȘȖș ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȝȖȓȔ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏȏȊȍȏȌȕȈȧ ș ȔȍȓȒȐȔ ȕȈ-
ȒȘȈȗȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȌȖȎȌȐȒȖȔ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ șȈȘȈȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
Ȑ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
Țȍȝ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧ-

69
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǶȕȐ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘțȒȖȗȖȎȈȚȐȍȔ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȈȗȗȈ-
ȘȈȚ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȣȟȈȋ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȔȖȓ-
ȊȐȧ
_____
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȐȓȖșȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȓȍ-
șȖȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȝȖȓȔȐȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȠȒȈȔȐ ǹȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ ǳȐȘȖȕ Ȑ șȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ț șȊȖȍȑ ȉȖȑȕȐȞȣ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǳȐȘȖȕ ǹȍȕȌȐ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȖ-
ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ Ȍȍ ǸȐȕȒȈȘ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȏțșȣȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ǮȦȘȐȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ǳȐȘȖȕ
Ȑ ǹȍȕȌȐ șȌȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȗȈȒȍȚȈ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȍșȓȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȕț ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ — ȕȈȌ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȔȐ ș
ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȝȘțșȚȖȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȐ Ȑ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȣȑ ȋțȓ
ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ țȉȐȘȈȍȔȣȝ ȗȈȓȈȚȖȒ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ
Ȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
IV. ǨȚȈȒȈ ȖȚȉȐȚȈ
ǯȍȔȓȧ șȚȖȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ
Țț ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȚȖ-
ȒȈȔȐ ǩțȘȣȍ ȌȣȔȒȐ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȍȑ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐ șȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ
ȊȏȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ — Ȋșȍ șȔȍȠȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȋțȓȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ Ȍȍ ǸȐȕȒȈȘ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ǪȣȗȘȧȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȒ
șȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘțȎȐȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ, Ȗȕ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȍșȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȐȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȐȝșȧ
ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ

70
ǩȍȏ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ ș ȖȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȉȍȏȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȗȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȠȓȐ ȚȖ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ
țȌȈȘȈ șȕȈȘȧȌȈ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ șȔȣȒȈȧșȤ — ȠȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȏȈȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȖȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȝȖȓȔȣ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ȕȈ țȝȖ Ȍȍ ǸȐȕȒȈȘț ȍȋȖ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ — șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ șȔȖȚȘȐ-
Țȍ ǴȍȠȈȓȖșȤ ș ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȕȖ ȗȘțșșȈȒȐ ȠȓȐ Ȑ
ȠȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȥȚț șȚȍȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ Țȍȓ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȒȈșȖȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗțȠȒȐ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȝ ȜȖȘ-
ȚȖȊ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȍȍ
ǸȐȕȒȈȘ ȊȗȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȓȍșȖȒ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȑ
ȟȈșȚȤ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ, Ȑ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǳȐȘȖȕ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ
Ǫșȍ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐșȤ
ȏȈ ȚȘțȉȣ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȐ Ȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȚțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȈ
ȘțȒȈ Ȍȍ ǸȐȕȒȈȘȈ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȓȍșȈ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȣ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȖȔȒȕțȚȣȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȒțșȖȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȘȖȕȧȚȤ ș șȍȉȧ
ȊȍȚȒȐ ȊȖȚ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȊȖȚ ȟȈșȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȉȓȍșȚȍȚȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȧȘȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȤȦ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍȐȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȖșȈ ȊȣȗȈȊȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȔȈșșț șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȈșȖȒ Ȑ ȘțȎȍȑ ȗȘȖȟȐ-
ȡȈȧ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȕȍȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȔțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏțȍȚșȧ ȒȘțȋ Ȑȏ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǭȡȍ șȍȒțȕȌȈ — ȖȕȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ
șȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț — ȕȖȊȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȐșȗȖȘ-
ȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈ ȊȣȗȈȊȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ — ȕȖ Ȑȋ-
ȘțȠȒȈ ȕȈȊȍȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ țȎȈș
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȏȈȓȗȣ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȠȍȒ
— ȘȈȏȖȔ țȔȖȓȒȓȈ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȈȧ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȍșșȧ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȍȊ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ

71
ǷȖȓțȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ǭȍ ǸȐȕȒȈȘ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȕȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍșȚȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȦ — Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ șȓȖȔȈȕ ǰ ȉȍȋțȡȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ țȊ-
ȓȍȒȈȓȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȓȧȊȠȍȍ
ȐȔ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș
V. ǯȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț
ǺȍȔȕȖ Ǫ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț țȏȒȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ǺȈȔ ȏȈ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȖȑ
ȚȐȝȐȑ ȋțȓ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȓȦȌșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ țȊȓȍȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȍȍ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ǵȈ ǳȐȘȖȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȠȈȗȒȐ Ȑ ȚțȎțȘȒȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ƕȕ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ ǸȣȟȈȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȉȘȖȠȍȕ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉȖȑȕȐȞ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ǹȍȕȌȐ țȎȍ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ
ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȒțȓȈȒȍ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȹ  Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ
ǪȖȚ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǳȦȌșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȖșȤ
ș ȕȖȊȣȔ ȓȦȌșȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȉȖȍȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ
Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ
ǩȍȠȍȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȍȚ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ Șȣ-
ȟȈȋ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ
ȒțșȖȒ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȇȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȌȐ-
ȒȐȑ ȘȍȊ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȚțȔȈȕȐȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȈȚȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
— ǷȖȘȈ ȗȖȘȈ, ǹȍȕȌȐ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ǳȐȘȖȕ. — ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ
ǵȖ ǹȍȕȌȐ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȖ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǸțȒȈ ǳȐȘȖȕȈ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȹ Ȑ ǳȐȘȖȕ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȍȚ, ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȕȈȌȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȕȈ
ȋȘțȌȤ

ǪȐȝȘȤ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȑ ȍȌȒȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
_____
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓȐ șȔȧȚȍȕȕțȦ ȗȘțș-
șȒțȦ ȈȘȔȐȦ Ȉ ȗȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ ȚȘȐșȚȈ Țȣșȧȟ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ
Țȍȝ ȓȦȌȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒțȗȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȖȉȍȌț

ǰșȎȒȖȚȖȞ ǰȜȖțȜȐ
©ǿȀǾǮǻǻȉǷª ǲǻǳǰǻǶǸ

74
1
ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ș ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȦ ȍȋȖ
ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ
2
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȟȈ Ȉ ȌȖȔȐȒ Ȋ ȓȍșț — ȉȘȍȊȍȕȟȈȚȣȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
șȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖșȕȣ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȋțșȚțȦ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒțȦ ȏȍȓȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȉȖ. ǲȖȋȌȈ ȐȌȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȧ
ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ș ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȐȋȖȓȖȒ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȡȍȓȐ Ȋ
șȚȍȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ Ȕȕȍ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȔțȏȣȒț ȓȍșȈ
Ǩ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȧ ȓȍȎț ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȍ Ȑ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȦ Ȋ
ȌțȠȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȍȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȟȈȡȐ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȓȦ ǰ ȧ
ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦ
ǺȈȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ — ȜȓȈȋ ȀȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȚȖȕȒȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȐȡȍ
ǺȘȍȝȞȊȍȚȕȖȍ
ǸȈȏȔȖȚȈȊ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȠȕțȘ ȧ șȗțșȒȈȦșȤ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȡțȚȐȔȣȔ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȊȤȍȚșȧ ȝȓȍșȚȕțȊ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ,
șȈȔ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȗȖȟȍȔț — șȘȈȏț șȊȍȎȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȈȐȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌ-

75
ȕȖȍ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ țȝȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȖ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ș ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȔȈȟ-
Țȣ ȐȌțȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȘȐȏ ȗȘțȎȐȕȐȚ ȘțȉȈȝț
Ȑ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȐȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ
ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȏȊțȒȐ ȓȍșȈ Ȑȕȣȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȕȍȔ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȟȈșȣ ȔȍȎȌț șȐȕȐȝ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ ȖȊȍȧȕȕȣȝ ȌȣȔȒȖȦ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȚȈ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔț ȋȓȈ-
ȏț
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ
Ǫ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ
ǲ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȌȈȟȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȎȌțȚ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȝ
ȋȈȏȍȚ
ǭșȚȤ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȖșȚȘȈȧ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ — ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟț-
ȎȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȔ Ȑȏ ȓȍșȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȋȈȏȍȚț
Ȑ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȟ-
Țȣ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ șȔȍȓȣȔ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȍȚ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȉȣȓȐȕț
ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȐȌȍȠȤ ȗȖ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖșȚțȒȐȊȈȧ șȚȍȒȖȔ
ȗȖ ȏȈȗȣȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȒȘȈȋȈȔ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȗȈȕȈȔț ȗȖ-
ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȓȐȞț ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ-
ȋȖ țșȚȈȓȖȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȧ
ȅȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣ-
ȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ țȑȚȐ ǵȍ ȖȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ǺȈȒ ȍȡȍ ȓțȟȠȍ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȊșȓȍȌ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉțȌțȚ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖȑ ȓț-
ȒȈȊȖȑ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ ȏȈȋ-
ȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȕȈȔț ȗȖȒȈ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȒȐȖșȒȈ ș ȜȘțȒȚȖȊȣȔȐ
ȊȖȌȈȔȐ

76
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȓȐ ȒțȗȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȏȖȕ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǽȖȚȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȒțȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ
ȧ ȔȖȋț șȔȍȓȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌț ȕȈ ȗȓȧȎȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȐȋȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȚțȔȈȕȖȊ
ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ȏȈ Ȑȝ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȖșȚȤ ȐȏȔȍȕȟȐ-
ȊțȦ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕțȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȏȈ ȚȍȒțȟȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍțșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤ
ȜȖȘȔ Ȑ ȏȈ ȚȖȚ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȦȚ ȊșȍȔț ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȔț Ȋ șȜȍȘț Ȑȝ ȔȖȒ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȦȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȣ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȚȐȘȈȦȚ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȘțȠȈȚ ȋȘȈȕȐ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȟțȌȐȚ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚ ȒȖșȔȖșȈ Ȑ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȖȉȓȈȋȖȘȖ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤȦ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ ȖșȖȉțȦ șȓȐȚȕȖșȚȤ — ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȕțȦ ȋȐȉȒțȦ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȖȊțȦ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡțȦ
Ȋ ȟțȚȒȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȖȊ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ.
ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȒȖșȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȉȣȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȍȡȍȅȚȖȚ ©ȒȚȖ-ȚȖª ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȍȕȤȦ
Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȊȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȊ ȕȖ ȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ
ȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȒȘȣȓșȧ ȏȈ șȍȚȐ ȊȐșȧȡȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȒȘȣ-
ȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
ǻȑȚȐ" ǰȓȐ ȊȣȎȌȈȚȤ"
ǰ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ.
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȍ
ǷȖȌ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȋȈ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȒȖșȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ǺȈȔ ȧ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ǹȒȖȘȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȐȚ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȋȓȧȕțȚȤ
ǲȚȖ ȥȚȖ, ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȝȖȌȐȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȐȋȘț țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȊ"

77
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ǻ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȑȔȣ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȔ ȗȍșȒȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȈ ǺȈ șȈȔȈȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ țȝȖȌȧ ȉȍȏ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ șȖ
șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǻ ȕȖȋ ȍȍ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȉȍȓȤȍ
ǶȕȈ ȖȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǵȈȋȐȉȈȓȈșȤ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȔ ȗȍșȒȍ ǰ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ
ȥȚȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȗȘȧȌȐ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȊȐșȒȈȝ
— ǻȑȌȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș — ȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȠȓȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ șȍ-
ȓȈ ȇ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȌȈȓȤ.
ǵȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȖ ȘȈșȚȈȧȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȖ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȕȈȌ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ ȚȐ-
ȝȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȓțȉȐȓȐșȤ ȌȣȔȒȐ
ȀȓȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ Ȑ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǭșȚȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ șȔȣșȓ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ
Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȞȐȑ ș ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȖȐ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ.
ȇ ȥȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ
ȘȍȐ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȍ Ȓ ȓȖȕț ȕȍȉȍș.
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ,
ȔȖȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ"
ǶȕȈ ȌȈȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖȘȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ țȑȚȐ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȋȐȉȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ
ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȔ ȝȖȓȔȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȗȖ ȒȖșȍ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȚȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȉȍȓȤȍ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ șȓȍȌȣ
ȍȍ ȕȖȋ — ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒțȗȈȕȐȧ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ șȒȖȔȒȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȤȍȑ-
ȚȖ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǻȝȖȌȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ.

78
ǲȈȎȍȚșȧ, Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ.
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ
ǻșȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ǻȟȈșȚȖȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ ǰ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕ-
șȚȊȈ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ,
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ
ǪșȧȒȐȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȉȣ ȥȚț ȉțȔȈȎȒț Ȑ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ
ǺȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȧ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚȖȦ ȗȖȏȎȍ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȈȌǪșȍ ȥȚȐ ȟȍȘȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒȐ — ȍȘțȕȌȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȍȠȕȖ
șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȧ șȊȖȉȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ Ǩ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈ-
ȓȖ ȉȍȓȤȍ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȤȦ-ȚȖ țșȈȌȤȉț ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕț
ǺȈȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȣȝ țȋȓȖȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȗȓȈȕȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ
ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ ȕȍȚ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȉ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖșȍȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȏȈȠȚȘȐȝȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐș-
ȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ț ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȍȒ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
— ǹȚȖȐȚ ȓȐ"
ǵȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȟȒȖȊ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȤȍȑ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȖȑ
ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋț ȋȓȧȌȍȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓțȒȈȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ

79
— ǹȚȖȐȚ
ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓțȠȈȘȐȐ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȉȖȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȖ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒȖȔ
Ǩ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȌȈȟț
ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȚȖ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ.
ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȓȖȟȖȒ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȘȈȕ-
ȌȈȠȖȔ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȉȘȖȕȍȕ Ǩ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ"
ǹ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȉȤȦȡȐȔșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȗȘȖșȍȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ
țȗȖȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȠȚȘȐȝȖȊȒȖȑ
ǻȊȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ ǻȕȣȓȖȍ ȋȖȓȖȍ
ǸȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ, ȧ șȍȓ ț ȖȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȖȚ ȏȓȖȉȣ
ǩȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌțȘȈȟȐȓȐ
ǲȚȖ" ǯȈȟȍȔ" ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ"
ǬȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȘȈȟȐȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȧ
ȌȖȉȘȈȧ ȊȖȓȧ — ȐȌȚȐ șȦȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȍȚ
Ȕȕȍ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ șȐȦ Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț
ȇ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ș
ȥȚȖȑ ȋȓțȗȖȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȖȑ ȖȒȐȕțȊ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȗțȠȒț Ȑ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ȖȚ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ
ǶȉȘȈȚȕȖ" ǬȖȔȖȑ"
ǵȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ Ǫ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ Ȓ ȚȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȖșȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȈ ȕȈȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍțȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȊȓȍȒȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȔț ȒȖȕȞț
ǩȖȓȖȚȖ ș ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȔȖȒȘȍȍ Ȋșȍ
ȘȍȎȍ Ȑ ȘȍȎȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ țȗȘțȋȐȍ ȒȖȟȒȐ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȔȖȐ
șȚȈȓȐ ȊȧȏȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȓȐȗȒȖȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȚȐȕȣ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ țșȐȓȐȑ
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȚȘȍȏȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȐȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ țȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȊșȍȔț ȎȐ-
ȊȖȔț ȐȔȍȦȡȍȔț ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȋȍș țȋȖȚȖȊȈȕȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȤ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȥȚȐȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ

80
ȖȚ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ"
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȏȍ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȧ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ țȎȍ
ȏȈșȖșȈȓȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȔȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȚȖȗȈȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȗȘȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȗȗț-
ȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȟȈȘȈȔ Ȉ ȔȈȕȤȧȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȖ ȒȘȍșȚȈ
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȧ șȍȉȧ ȧ țȗȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȧșȤ ȚȐȕȖȑ ș
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ Ȕȍ-
șȚȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȡțȡȈȧ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ
șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǺȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǵȍȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ
ǹȒȖȘȖ țȋȈșȓȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȉȣȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ — ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȍȉȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ ȊȍȡȈȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȐȦȕȤșȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȖȏȘȐȔȈȧ ȉȖȓȖȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȍȑșȧ ȖșȚȣȊȠȍȑ ȚȘȧșȐȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȚțȔȈȕȣ
ǿȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȊȍȓȖ Ȑȏ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȕȍȉȣȚȐȧ"
ȇ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȔțȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ șȐȓȐȓ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȖȜȖȘȔȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȖȏȕȈȚȤ
ȀțȔ"
ǬȈ! ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȠțȔ — ȘȖȊȕȣȑ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȕȣȑ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȐȑ Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ
Ƕȕ ȚȖ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ" ǿȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȖȍ" ǫȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ" ǩȘȍȌ"
ǵȍȚ Ƕȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ
șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍțȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȇ ȊȣȗȘȖșȚȈȓ ȘțȒȐ țȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ ȚȐȕț, Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȊȣȠȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǸȖȊȕȈȧ ȚȐȝȈȧ șȚȘțȧ șȓȈȉȖȋȖ ȏȊțȒȈ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȊȍȘ-
ȝț Ȑ șȉȖȒț Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȔ
ǯȈȋȘȍȉȈȧ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȍȉȧ ȖȒȖȟȍȕȍȊ-
ȠȐȧ ȘțȒȐ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȖȚȕȣȑ ȗȈțȒ, ȖȚȗȖȓȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ǯȊțȒ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ

81
ǪȣȎȌȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȍ
ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȔȖȑ șȓțȝ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȘȐȚ-
ȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȠțȔ ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ șȔȍȓȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
ǹȖȉȘȈȊ ȊȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ țȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȝșȧ șȐȓ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ
ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȌȖșȚȐȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ
ȉȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖȓȏȚȐ Ȓ ȖȗțȠȒȍ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȗȧȚȣȑ
 ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚ-
Ȋȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ
ȇ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ, ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗțȠȐșȚȖȍ ȖȌȍȧ-
ȓȖ Ȑ ȡȍȓȒȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȌȘȖȎȐ
ǳȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȘȖȋ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǲȖȕȤȧȒ"
ǬȈ ȒȖȕȤȧȒ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȖ, Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȑ — ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘțȋ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȓȐȚȘ ȗȘȍȊȖș-
ȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȤȧȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȍȘ ț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȏȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȤȧ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȐ ȌȖȉȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȌțȠȐșȚȖȑ șȐȋȈȘȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ" ǸȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȚȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ șȔȍȠȕȣȔ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣȗȍȑ ȍȡȍ
ȇ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȓșȧ
ǴȐȕțȚț șȗțșȚȧ ȧ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȚȖȑ șȔȍȕȐȊȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȑ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ

82
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ Ȉ ș ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ǴȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖșȓțȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ș ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȍȋȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȊșȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȕȕȖȔ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ — ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ — Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȑ ȟțȌȈȒ ȕȍ
țȉȖȧȊȠȐȑșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȖȚȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȈȧ ț ȊȖȌȣ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ"
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ
— ǩțȔȈȋȈ ș țșȓȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ț Țȍȉȧ"
— ǬȈ
— ǴȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚ ȗȖȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ȒȘȍșȚȐȒȖȔ ȔȖȋțȚ șȖȊȗȈșȚȤ"
— ǪȗȖȓȕȍ
— ȀțȔ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ"
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǲȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ Țȣ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ"
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȓȖȝȔȈȚțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȟȐȚȈȓ" ǬȊțȝȊȍȘșȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȈ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȈȑȖȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ț Țȍȉȧ" Ƕ ȗȈȘȈȉȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȧȝ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȠȤ Ȑȏ ȒțȘșȈ"
ȅȚȐ ȚȘȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȚȤșȧ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȠȍșȚȖȑ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǴȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȘțȒȐ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧ ȔȖȐ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ Ȉ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ț ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȑ
ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ-
șȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȘțșȓȖ

83
ǺȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȈȉȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔȐ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȔȐ ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȣȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȓȐȕȐȧ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȘȖȏȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȚȖȕ Ȑ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȔ ȗȍșȒȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘ-
ȒȈ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȍ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ
ǲȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ șȊȧȏȈ-
ȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȔȐ ȚȈȑȕȣȔȐ ȕȐȚȧȔȐ
©ǭșȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚ ȓțȟȐ Ȋ ȏȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȖ ș ȗȈȘȈȉȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓțȟȐ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȏȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ — Ȋ ȜȖȒțșȍ
ǶȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȜȖȒțșȍ ȚȖ ȓțȟȐ
ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ țȑȌțȚ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȕȖȗ Ȋȕȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȓțȟ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȗȈșȚȤª
ǲȈȒȖȍ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȊțȒȖȊȣȍ ȓțȟȐ
ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȦȚșȧ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȠțȔȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȖȉșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȈȠȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȐ — ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȍ ȥȚț ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȋ ȜȖȒțșȍ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȈȉȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
țșȓțȎȓȐȊȖ țȕȍșȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȏȊțȒȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔ șȕȖȗȖȔ Ȋ
ȓȦȉȖȔ ȕțȎȕȖȔ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǷȘȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȡȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȊțȒȖȊȖȑ ȓțȟ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ șȕȖȗȈ Ȑ ȊșȦ șțȔȔț ȏȊțȒȖȊ Ȑ ȠțȔȖȊ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȋ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ
Ǩ" ǵȍ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ"
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȝ ȈȒțșȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ȍȓȧ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȈȠȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȍȘȘȐ-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȖȑ
ǷȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȊȖȑȕȣ ș ȍȍ Ȉ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ ȊȘȈȋȈ-
ȔȐ

84
ǷȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȓȖȚ
ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ȋȓȈȏ ȊȈȠ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ
©ǲ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈș-
ȚȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȘȖȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȝ șțȌȈȔȐ ȕȈȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȧ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ “ȓȖȧȓȤȕȖșȚȐ” ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȖȒȘȈȐȕ ǵȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ șȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ
ȗȖ ȘȈȌȐȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ³Ǫȣ ȒțȌȈ" ǮȍȓȈȍȔ ȊȈȔ șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ”».
Ǫȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ șȓȈȉȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȕȐȚȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȡȐȝ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȒȓțȉȖȒ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ ȊȘȈȎ-
Ȍȍȉȕȣȝ ȝȐȚȘȖșȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȑ?
ǰ ȥȚȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȊȖȓȍȦ șțȌȤȉȣ șȚȈȓ ȧ
ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȥȚț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕ Ȓ ȖȚȉȣȊȈȕȐȦ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȈ Ȑ
ȏȈȍȝȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǭȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ țȔ ȏȈȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣșȠȍȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖ-
ȓȖȑ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȈȝ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ țȝȖȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓșȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȔȖȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ,
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȖȠȐȉȖȒ
ǭȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ©țȊȖȌȐȚȤª ȏȊțȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȍȑ ©ȌȐ-
ȕȈȔȖª Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ ȚȖȗȒȖȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ ȗțȚȍȔ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȑ
ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȐȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ
— ǰȚȈȒ — ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ șȈȌȧșȤ ȏȈ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ©țȕȌȍȘ-
ȊțȌª — Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȑ
ǶȉșȓȍȌțȑ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍ ǩțȌȤ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȍȕ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȖ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȍ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȧ ȐȏȓȖȎț Țȍȉȍ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖ
ǲȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȍȋȖ ș ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ
ȒȓȈȊȐȠȈȔ ȗȐȠțȡȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ

85
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ șȐȕȐȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ
— ǪȖȚ ǷȖȓțȟȈȑ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȘȈȏȓțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȐ ȔȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȏȈȊȍȚ
ǩțȌȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȍȕ șȔȍȓ ȌȖȊȍȌȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ
șȚȈȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȑ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȦ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ǰȕȈȟȍ
Ǵȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ țȠȍȓ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ
ȇ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȦ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ
ȐșșȓȍȌțȧ ȊȍșȤ ȗȘȐȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȑ Ȓ ȉȖȓȖȚț ȘȈȑȖȕ ȗȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȕȚ-
ȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȒȘțȋȈȔ ș țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȖ Ȍȕȧ ȘȈȌȐț-
șȖȔǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈȓȍȋȒȍ Ȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȑ
ȚȖȟȒȍ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȐșȝȖȌȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ țȘȖȒȈ.
ǷțȕȒȚ ȥȚȖȚ — ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȓȍșț ț ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȋȓțȝȖȍ Ȑ
ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ǵȈ ȋȘȍȉȕȍ ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȔȈ ȧ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȏȈȒțȘȐ-
ȊȈȧ șȐȋȈȘț
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȇ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ț șȚȊȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȟț ȗȘȖȟ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȔȈșșȐȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋțșȚȣȔ șȐȓțȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ
ǲȈȒȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǪȣșȖȒȈȧ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ǵȈȊȍȘȝț —
ȠȗȐȓȤ
ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓ șțȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȍȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȚ-
ȒȖ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ
ǮȐȓ ȓȐ ȚțȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ"
ǻ ȎȐȓȣȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȑ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȅȚȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȖȑ
ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ǭȌȊȈ ȧ țșȍȓșȧ țȌȖȉȕȍȍ ȚȐȝȐȑ șȒȘȍȉțȡȐȑșȧ ȏȊțȒ țȗȈȓ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȊȍȘȝț

86
ȇ ȊȗȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȊȠȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ
ȎțȚȒȖȑ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȏȊțȒ Ȑ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȠȗȐ-
ȓȧ șȚȈȓ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȧșȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ țȝȖȌȧȚ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȕȐȚȐ
ȇ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓ șȐȋȈȘț Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ, ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȊȣȠ-
ȒȖȑǶȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȐȚȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Țț-
ȋȖȑ țȏȍȓ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȈșȚȣȊ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖ, Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
ȇ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȒ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ
ǵȍ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȖ ȖȎȐȊȠȍȔț ȠȗȐȓȦ ȧ șȚȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ș ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȊȣ-
ȠȍȕȕȖșȚȐ, ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖȒȐȕțȊ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȉȈȠȕȦ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ, ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȖȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȗ șȒȊȖȏȕȣȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ
... ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ǷȘȐȔȐ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ șțȔȍȓ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȐȓȍ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ǹ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȍȑ șȖșȕȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ
ǬȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ
ǩȍȚȖȕȕȈȧ ȊȣȠȒȈ Ȋ ȓȍșț — ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȟȐ
ǺȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȗȘȖȟȕȈȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȒȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒțșȒȈ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ǫșȧ ȥȚȈ ȚȖȓȡȈ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ ȏȈȎȈȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ țȋȓȈȝ Ȋ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈ-
ȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ țȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ
ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȊȍȘȝȢȍș-
ȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ

87
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȏȈȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ șȖ-
șȕȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
Ǫ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȏȐȧȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȓțȎȍȕȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȖȕȖ
șȊȍȚȐȓȖșȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȍȘ-
ȝțȠȒȐ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȓȍșȈ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȔ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȏȊțȒȖȊȈȧ șȚȘțȧ
ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȍȔȍȊ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȧ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚțȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȕȈȔȈ ȔȖȧ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ
ȇ ȐșȒȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȔ ȗȍșȒȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȖșȐșȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȓȈȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȕȍ
ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ
©ǩțȌȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐª
ǹ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȓȍșț
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȔ ȓȈȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȌȍȊȧȚȣȑ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ.
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȔȐ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȕțȎȕȖ Ȓț-
ȗȐȚȤ ȗȈȗȈȝț ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȎȍȚ șȐȓȤȕȖ Ȉ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ș
ȕȍȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǵȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȐȌȚȐ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈ-
ȏȐȕ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ ȠȈȋȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȖ-
ȌȐșȚȣȑ ȗȍș — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǷȖȘȈȊȕȧȊȠȐșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȏȈȌȕȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ
ȓȐȞȖ ȐșȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȓțȝȖȍ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍ
ȇ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȖȔ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȓȖȑ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȖ
ȇ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȈȕȈȔȣ

88
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȗȉ-
ȌȈȊȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔȐ ȐșȒȘȈȔȐ șȊȍȎȍșȚȐ
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȗȈȕȈȔț" — ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ ǵȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ǽȖȚȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ǪȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȦ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȖȑ
— ǰȌȍȔȚȍ ȧ ȊȈȔ țȒȈȎț ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȋȌȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȗȈ-
ȕȈȔ!
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȌȍșȧȚȣȑ
ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȍ
ǳȍșȕȖȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ Ȝȍȧ.
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ
ȕȍȑ
— ȇ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ǷȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ǹȚȈȓȖ șȒțȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȇ țșȈȌȐȓ ȍȍ șȖ ȊșȍȦ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȉ șȈȔ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȍ ț ȍȍ ȕȖȋ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ ȖȌȐȕ"
— Ǩ ș ȒȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ" — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
ǶȕȈ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ"
— ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ țșȚȈȓ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǶȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȓȍș — ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȐȓȣ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ țȑȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȚȤ ț
ȊȈș ȓțȟȠȍȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ"
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ ǵȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ Ǫȣ — șȒȈȏȒȈ Ǫȣ — ȊȍȚȍȘ ȓȍșȕȖȑ
ǶȕȈ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ș ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ ©țȕȌȍȘȊțȌȈ».
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ
Ȏȍ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȈȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǪȖȏȓȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊșȦ ȧ ȗȖȔȕȦ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȍȍ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȧ ȗȖȔȕȦ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ șȔȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕțȦ ȊȖȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ǰ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȈ șȐȌȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ țȎȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ

89
ǾȍȓțȦ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ș ȕȍȑ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ǺȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȝ ȟȈșȈ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȓȍșȕȖȔ
ȌȖȔȐȒȍ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ
ǬȖ țȏȓȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ
ǻȝȖȌȧ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȍȍ ȌțȝȖȊ — ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ
ǲȈȒȈȧ ȟțȌȍșȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
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ǬȖȔȈ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
Ǫ ©țȕȌȍȘȊțȌȍª ȉȣȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȎȈȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
ǶșȊȖȉȖȌȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȕȐȟȍȒ
ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǵȈ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȖȒȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ȜȍȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȚȘȖȋȈȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȐ
ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȍȚț Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș șȚȘȈȕȐȟȒț Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ǵȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȉȐȚȖ
©ǲțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȚȍ" ǮȍȓȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐª
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǰȏ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ ș ȍȋȖ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȣȧșȕȍȕȐȍȔ — ȘȈȊȕȖșȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ
©ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȉțȌȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȊ
ȗȖȍȏȎȈȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȈȔ ǲșȚȈȚȐ ȧ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȦ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ
ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȠȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȊȐ-
ȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȜȘȖȕȚ
ǺȊȖȑª

90
ǴȐȓȣȑ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȦ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȐȍ șȖȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈȊ-
ȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȗȖȍȌț Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ȇ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȗ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȝ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ
Ȝȍȍ ȕȖ Ȗ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǭȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȐȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
— ȇ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȟȚȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȉȍȏ ȊȈș — ȗȍȟȈȓȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȎȍȕ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȧ ȊȣȍȌț
Ǽȍȧ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ
— ǰȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ
ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ șȗȈșȐȉȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȑ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȓȍșȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ
Ȋ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕțȦ șȊȍȚȓțȦ șȒȈȏȒț
3
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ
ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȐȦȓȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȓȍȍȕȒȖȑ șȚȖȓȈ Ȋ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȓȍșȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ ȕȈȕȧȚȖȔ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ șȍȏȖȕȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȎȐȓ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ
Ȓ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȑ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖșȚȐ
Ǫ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȑ ȔȐ-
ȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȍȎȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȟȐȡȍȕȣȔȐ șȈȗȖȋȈȔȐ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖ ȈȊȋțșȚȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ țȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ, ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȋțȓȖȒ, Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗțșȚȣȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȍȒȐ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȏȈȗȈșȠȐșȤ
ȌȊțȔȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ ȘȐșȒȕțȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȍ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘț ȚȘȧșȐȕȣ ǪȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍ ȔȖȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȋ șȚȘțȦ Țȍȝ șȈ-
Ȕȣȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȈȒ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ

Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓ
ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ
ǪȖȚ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ 
 ǬȈȟȈ ȍșȚȤ 
 ǪȣȠȒȈ ȍșȚȤ  ǭșȚȤ ȥȚȖ
șȈȔȖȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȖȍ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȍ țȕȖșȧȡȍȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȌȐȕȈȔȖ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȖȚȖ  ǬȐȕȈȔȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȓȖ
ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȗșȖȔ
ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ șȖȖȉȡț șȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȕȈȌ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ș
ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ
ǷȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȧ ȍȍ ȌȖ țȏȓȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ
ǲȈȒ ȗȖ ȕȖȚȈȔ
Ǩ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȔȐȕțȓ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ț ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȌȈȟȐ Ȗ
șțȌȤȉȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ
— ǷȐșȈȓȈ ȗȐșȈȓȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȑ ȜȐȕȕ.
— ǷȖȚȖȔ ȍȝȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ǸȖȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȓȍ-
șȖȔ ǸȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ
ǻȚȍȠȐȓ ǵȍȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȖ Ȑ ȌțȘȈȒ, ȒȈȒȐȝ ȔȈȓȖ
ȇ ȉțȌț ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
ǺȖȑ Ȏȍ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȊȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȏȈȧȊȐȚȤ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȜȍȧȔȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȐ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ ȚȖ Ǫȍș ȔȖȑ ȉȍȏ
ȔȈȓȖȋȖ șȍȔȤ ȗțȌȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȌȒȖȊȣ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ șȈȔȐ ȓȖȔȈȦȚșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȉȈȘȈȕȒȐ
ǷȖȕȧȓȐ"

ǱȓȜȞȑȖȗ ǿȓȐȓȞȤȓȐ-ǽȜșȖșȜȐ
ȅǳǹǼǰǳǸ ǿ ǱǼǹȁǯȉǺ
ǯǾǶǹǹǶǮǻȀǼǺ

94
ǷȍȘȍȍȏȌ ȖȚ ǩȘȦșșȍȓȧ ȌȖ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȈ ȕȍȌȖȓȖȋ ǿȈș ȐȓȐ
ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȓȈș-
șȈ ȏȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȌȖ ȖȚȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȈ — ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȟȈș Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑȞȍȊ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
Ȋșȍ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȖ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ǲȈȒ
Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȒțȗȍȞ-ȉȍȓȤȋȐȍȞ — «ȕȐ ȚȖ
ȕȐ șȍ».
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȣȝ, ȔȧȋȒȐȝ
ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȋ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȝȔțȘȐȓȈșȤ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȈȌȈȓ
ȌȖȎȌȤ ȗȘȖȧșȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȍȉȖ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȖșȤ șȍ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȚțȟȈȔȐ
ǷȖȒȈ Ȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ȉȘȦșșȍȓȤșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȈȝ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȖȍȏȌ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȒ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ
ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ȓțȗȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȐȌȍȓ
ǲȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ șȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȌțȚ-
ȓȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȡȍȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȣȍ țȠȐ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Ȓțȗȍ ȊȣȐșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ
ǫțșȚȣȍ, ȘȣȎȐȍ ș ȗȘȖșȍȌȤȦ țșȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȚȖȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȌȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȊȐșȍȊȠȍȍ ȕȈ
ȒȘȦȟȒȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȒȖȑ ș
ȔȈșșȖȑ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȖȊ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ-
ȋȖ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȚȈȑȕȐȒȐ-ȒȈȘȔȈ-
ȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘ șȕȧȓ ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȍȚȒț Ȑ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȓ ȕȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȘȍȌȍȊȠțȦ ȠȍȊȍ-
ȓȦȘț ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊțȦ ȉȍșȒȖȏȣȘȕțȦ ȠȈȗȖȟȒț
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ
ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒț Ȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ
ȞȐȜȘȣ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȐ

95
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖșȒțȦȡȍ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȘȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȍȒ ș ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȈȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧ-
ȡțȦ Ȕȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕțȦ ȗȖȍȏȌȒț
ǷȖȍȏȌ Ƞȍȓ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈȔ ȍȋȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȒțȌȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȡȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȓȍ-
ȕȐȊȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȧ ȐȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȍȕȤȦ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ țȡȍȘȉȈ
II
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȖȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȋȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ș ȔȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǵȈȌ
ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ —
Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș țȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖșȍȌȈ
ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
Ƕȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ
ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ
Ǭȓȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȍȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȑ ȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ
— ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȍȞ — ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȒȘȐ-
ȗțȟȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȍȡȍ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȍȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐ Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓ șȌȍȓȈȕ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȧȏȣȒ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț,
ȕȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȓȐ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȕȈȞȐȖ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
— ǰȕȈȟȍ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ
ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȐȓȐ ȜȐȕȓȧȕȌȍȞ Ƕ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Țȍȝ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȑȝ ȓȍȋȒȖ
țȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚț ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖȔț ȊȏȋȓȧȌț Ȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔț — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȗȘȖȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȋțȉȈȔ
ǴȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤ
— Ǵȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ

96
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȦ ȊȈș ȓȖȔȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȇ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȍȞ ȚȍȊȚȖȕ ǻ ȊȈș Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȕȣ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȖșȚȐ
ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ȑ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔ-
șȚȊȖ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȑ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ —
ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ
— ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ țȔȍȍȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ"
— ǬȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ȍșȓȐ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȍȚȍ — ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ ȕȍȔȍȞ
— ǸȖȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ
ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧȝ ȇ ȚȖȘȋțȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ ǰ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȒȍ ȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȕțȎȌȍȕ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȞȣ șȊȍȚȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȖȊ Ȋ
ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ǪȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ
ǻșȔȍȠȒȈ ȚȍȕȤȦ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȕȍȔȞȈ
— Ǫȣ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȐ ȉȈțȓȣ Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȐ" ǵȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȕȐ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗțșȚȣ ȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦșȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȍȌț Ȍȓȧ Ȑȝ ȘȈșȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ — Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
ȘțșșȒȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȍ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȑȞȣ șțȔȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȍȍ șȦȌȈ Ȑȏ ǨȔșȚȍȘȌȈȔȈ ǫȖȓȓȈȕȌȞȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȓȍȕȐȊȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȧ ȗȣȚȈȓ-
șȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ
III
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ șȐș-
ȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȖ țȔȍȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ șȖȘȚȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȦȚșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȠȓȐȜțȦȚșȧ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ
ȘȈȏȕȐȞț Ȑȝ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȐ

97
— ǹȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȝ ȥȚȖ Ȑȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȉȓȍșȒ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ țșȓȖȊȐȧȔ ǵȈ șȍ-
ȊȍȘȍ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ǳȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȉȓȍșȒ ȍȋȖ ȧȘȟȍ ȟȍȔ
ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȦȎȕȣȝ
șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȚȈȔ șȘȈȏț ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚțșȒȓȍȍ ȍȋȖ ȧȘ-
ȒȖșȚȤ ȚțȝȕȍȚ
ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȔ ȥȚȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ
șȣȘȤȍ ȕȈ ǳȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȔ ȘȣȕȒȍ ȚȈȔ ȞȍȕȚȘ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ Ȉ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȔ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȔ Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȍȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȠȓȐ-
ȜȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔ ȠȓȐ-
ȜțȦȚ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȌȈȦȚ ȐȔ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȖȌȈ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊ ȟȐșȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȒȈ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ǵț ȥȚȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȍȕȣ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǹȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȗȘȖș ȐȔȍȦȚ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȧȘȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȅȚȐȔ șȖȘȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȐȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋțȦ ȧ ǲȘțȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ-
șȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔȐ — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȓȍȊțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
Țȧȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȕȕȍ.
ǵȈ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȉȓȍș-
Ȓț
— ȇ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ șȖȘȚ
ǸțȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ
ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȘȈȏț Ȑșȟȍȏ
— ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȠȓȐ-
ȜȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ ȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ șȊȍȌț ȊȈș ǶȕȐ Ȋșȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȔț
ȇ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȍȡȍ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊțȦ
ȉȐȘȎț Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ — ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǷȖȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȑȚȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ǹȌȍȓȒȐ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȔ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȖȔ ȘȣȕȒȍ
ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȈȎȐȖȚȈȎ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȍ șțȔȔȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧȚșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȚȧȕțȚ

98
Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȣȍ șȌȍȓȒȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚșȧ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ
— Ǩ Ȋ ǳȖȕȌȖȕȍ"—ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȧ
— ǺȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȖȑ ȉȐȘȎȍ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȣ ȍȡȍ ȒȘțȗȕȍȍ
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȚȈȔ ȚȖȘȋțȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȣȘȤȍȔ ȕȍȖȉȌȍȓȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ ȥȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȖȍȏȌ șȚȈȓ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȚȤ ȝȖȌ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓȈșȤ șȍȚȤ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȕȣȝ
ȗțȚȍȑ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ȑ, ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
șȗțșȚȧ Ȕȣ ȊȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕșȒȐȑ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ
IV
ǻșȓȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋȌȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȧ ȘȈșșȚȈȓșȧ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȓȦȉȍȏ-
ȕȣȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ
ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕ ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘ
ȌȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ
ȔțȏȍȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȉȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȣȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȍȕ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȉȣȓ «ǩȍȌȍȒȍȘ». ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȐȔ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȉȢȍȝȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȖșȚȖȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȉȍȓȤ-
ȋȐȑșȒȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ șȖȉȖȘȍ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȋȨȏȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȗȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȀȍȓȤȌȣ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȈȗȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ
ȗȈȘțșȕȣȝ ȓȖȌȖȒ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȚȘțȧȡȍȑșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȊ-
ȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ ǪȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȕȍȔȞȍȔ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȔȈȓȖ Ȑ ȧ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ
ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǨȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȔȐȕțȚȈ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȔȖȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ ȧȊȐȓ-
șȧ ǩȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȍȓȒȍ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȐȓȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȕȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȏțȉȣ
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȦ șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ǬȖ
șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȓ Ȑȝ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȍȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȓȖȝȖ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȔȐ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ

99
ȗȍȌȈȕȚȐȟȕȍȍ ȕȈș ȕȍȔȞȍȊ Ȑ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ, — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋȣ-
ȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȓțȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȗȘțȎȐȕ-
Ȓț ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ — Ȋȣ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȅȚȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȓțȠȈȊ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȌȍȔȚȍ
Ǵȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȓȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȐȚȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǲȈȓȐȚȒȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ șȈȔȈ ǯȈȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȚȈȎ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ Ȕȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȍ ȠȐ-
ȗȍȕȐȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ —
ȗȖȠțȚȐȓ ȔȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȈȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚ șȖ-
ȊȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȚȐ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
«ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ», — ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȋȈȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȗȖȓ-
ȏȓȖ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț Țȍȓț.
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȏȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈș ȏȖȘȒȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ țȏȕȈȊ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȍȔț
— ǪȖȚ șȦȌȈ — țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȍșȧ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȍ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȉțȉȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȚțȏȈ
ǶȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ
ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ — ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șțȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ țșȐȓȐȓȖșȤ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȖ ȊȍȘȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ
șȚȈȕȒȈȔȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȘȈȉȖȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȣ ȘȖȋȖȊȣȔȐ ȖȒțȓȧȘȈȔȐ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔȐ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȠȓȐȜțȍȔȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ țȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȠȓȐȜȈ ȖȚ
ȜȖȘȔȣ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ șȈȔȣȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȊȖȓȖșȖȒ
ȖȠȐȉȒȐ Ǫșȧ ȓȍȚȧȡȈȧ ȖȚ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ ȖȚ-
ȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȒȈȔȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȑșȧ ȔȈ-

100
ȠȐȕȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȖȉȖ
V
ǸȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȔȖȐȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ Ȑȝ șȚȈȕȒȖȊ Ƕȕ ȒȐȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȖȌȕȖ-
șȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ ȖȚ-
ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȉȘȈȒȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ șȖȘȚȈȔ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌ-
șȚȊȍ" — ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȕȍȔȍȞ — ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȣȑ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȈ șȈȔȈ ȖȚȗȍȘȓȈșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȍȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȘȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȕȈ
Ȋșȍȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ — ȥȚȖ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘ ǰȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȝȐȚȘȖțȔȕȖ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ șȚȍȒȖȓ Ȗȕ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȊșȍȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐ-
ȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȉȖȘȡȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ țȒȓȈȌȟȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȚ
ȇ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ,
— Ǵȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȊȝȖȌȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȈȕ
ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȒȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȍȔț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ"
ǯȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȔȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ
— ǲ ȟȍȔț șȓȖȊȈ" ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȈ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ, — Ȑ Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ
șȊȖȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
ǲ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘț ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȕȍȔȞȈ,
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ,
ȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ țșȓțȋȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȕȈȌȖ-
ȉȐȚșȧ Ȋ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊ
— ǺȈȒȐȝ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȖ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȐȔȍȚȤ ș
ȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-

101
ȌȈȌțȚ — ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȔȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȍȕ
ȅȚȖȚ șȔȍȝ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȈȌȓȐȊȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
ǶșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊțȦ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȓȤȕȦ Ȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȈ șȈȔȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖȟțȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȍ țȓȐȞȣ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊțȦ ȉȐȘȎț — ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ
ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ ș ȕȐȔ ȇ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȓȧ șȕȖȊȈ
șȒȖȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȗȖȠȍȓ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
Ǵȣ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǨȕȚȊȍȘ-
ȗȍȕȈ ȇ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȚȤșȧ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ șțȔ-
ȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǵȈȌȊȐȋȈ-
ȓȐșȤ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȐȝ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȐȑ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔ ȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȤ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ
VI
Ǫ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ - ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍȊ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȐ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȘȈșȒȓȈȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȔȖȐȔ șȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǻ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȖȧ ȏȈȉȖȚȈ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȖȓȐȌȕȖ șȒțȗȖ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȘȍȌȒȖ.
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ
Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐȔ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȍȒ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȈȉȈȎțȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ ȚȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȗȖȚțȝȈȓȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȘȈșȞȍȕȐȊȈȦȚ ȒȈȔȕȐ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ, — ȚțȚ
ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȑ ȋȈȏ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ

102
ȒȍȘȖșȐȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȈșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȍȟȐ Ȋșȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȚțȚ
ǲțȗȍȞ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȔȣȑ ȚȖȊȈȘ Ȋșȍ
ȍȋȖ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȐ
—ǰșȚ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȣȊ
ǴȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȖȔț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȍȔțșȧ Ȓ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ ǶȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȏȈȗȈȝȕț-
ȓȈșȤ
ȇ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȔȐȘ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȣ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȍ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȍ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȍȘ-
Țȣ ȓȐȞ ȧșȕȖ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǺțȚ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕ-
Ȟțȏȣ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ Ȑ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑȞȣ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȍȊȘȍȑșȒȐȑ ȚȐȗ
ț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȒțȗȞȖȊ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȘȦȕȍȚȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȘțȔȣȕȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȞȈȔȐ ș ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȦȋȈ
ǵȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǳȦȌȐ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ
ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȒȖȎȈȕȣȍ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȒȍȚȐȒȐ ȠȓȐ Ȋ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȕȐȠț șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ,
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȧ — țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ șȏȈȌȐ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȍȔ-
ȞȈ — ȒțȗȐȓ ȚȖȊȈȘț ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȖȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ"
ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȑ
șȊȍȘȚȖȟȍȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǳȈȔȗȖȟȒȈ ȌȈȓȈ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ ȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȘȧȌ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕ-
ȚȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȞȍȓȈȧ ǫȖȓȒȖȕȌȈ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȉȓȍșȒ Ȑȝ șȓȍȗȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȖȊȐȟȖȒ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȟȈȡȐȝ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȖȊ ȊȈș ȗȖȘȈȎȈȦȚ ǷțșȚȧȒȐ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ
ȕȐȝ  Țȣșȧȟ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȓȕȣȝ — Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȘȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ — ȇ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ

103
ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ ǰȌȍȔȚȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȊȈș țȋȖșȚȐȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗ-
ȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȉȘȐȓ-
ȓȐȈȕȚȡȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ Ȑ
ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈ-
ȓȖ ȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ. ǵȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ «ǲȖȕȋȖ» ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȕȈș ǷȖȌȉȍ-
ȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȘ ș ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȊȣȗȧȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȖȚ ȕȈș Ƞȓȧȗȣ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȐ ȗȖȔȖȋ șȕȧȚȤ
ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȔȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ ȊȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȣȑ șȈȜȤȧȕȖȊȣȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
șȦȘȚțȒȈ
VII
ǯȌȍșȤ, Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ǺȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȔȐȘ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ǲȖȕȋȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȘțȕȕȖȑ ȖȊȞȣ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ
ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǳȍȖȗȖȓȤȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕ ȊȖȖȟȐȦ
ǷȘȐșȓțȋȈ Ȋșȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȋȘșȒȈȧ Ȋ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȝ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ-ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕȒȐ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ
ȉȖșȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȘȧȌȈȔȐ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȊ ǵȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȣȍ Ȑȕ-
șȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȠțȔ Ȑȝ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȚȖ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ ȚȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȉȘȧȞȈȕȐȍ șȚțȒ șțȝȖȋȖ
ȉȈȔȉțȒȈ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȖȊȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ
ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍ-
ȋȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȔȍȕȦ ȋȐȋȈȕȚț-ȕȍȋȘț
— Ǫȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȉȍȌ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȕȐȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȍȔȞȈ — ǪȐȕȖ Ȕȣ
ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȔ ȗȐȚȤ ȖȕȖ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȚȍȘȗȒȖȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȠȈȉȓȐ
ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ-
șȚȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ
ǵȖ ȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȉȖȘ

104
Ǵȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ
șȍȉȍ ȜȐȒșȐȘțȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ
ȗȣȚȈȓ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȐ
ȔȣșȓȐ
ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȉȘȧȒȕțȊȠȈȧ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȠțȔȈ Ȓ
șȚȖȓț ȓȈȒȍȧ-ȕȍȋȘȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚȖȔț ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț
ȊȕțȠȍȕȐȦ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌ ȀȈȉȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȈȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ
ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȧ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈșȚȘȖ-
ȕȖȔȐȐ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȧ-
ȕȈȧ ȍȌȒȈȧ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȈȧ
— ǲȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐ Ȋȣ ȕȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ
șȊȖȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ — ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȕȍȔȍȞ
ȇ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȖȑ
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȔșȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȔȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘț-
ȋț, — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ țșȗȍȍȔ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȐȝ-
ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȔț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ
— ǲȈȒ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȧ
Ǵȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ ȔȖȍȔț șȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒț șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗ
ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǵȍȔȍȞ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȍȌțȘȕȖ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȔ Ȋșȍ
ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȕȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȔț Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȑ ȊȣȐșȒȐȊȈȚȤ
ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȐȌȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȚțȝȈȓȐ
ȍșȓȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȣȔȐ
VIII
— ǿȚȖ ȉȣ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȈȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ" — ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤ-

105
ȕȖ țșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ȇ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȍ ȌȈȊ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȓȈȋȈȦ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
Ƕȕ, ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȔȧȋȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȐȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ.ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȗ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȣȕȒȈ ǶȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ Ȓ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈȔ ȦȊȍȓȐȘȈȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȘȖș ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ Ȟȍȕȣ ȊȈȘȤȐȘțȍȚ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȣȕȒȈ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖ ǪȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȔȐȘ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍȑ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȌȍȓȖȊȣȔȐ ȚȈȑȕȈȔȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȚȘȈșȓȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ — ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǵȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȧȚ ȕȈ Țȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȉțȌț
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȆȊȍȓȐȘȣ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȣ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȗȘȖȜȈȕ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȖșȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ" — ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȔȖȦ ȜȘȈȏț
ȔȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ — ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ǵȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ
țȒȈȎț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Țȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ Țȍȝ ȓȐȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ ȊȈ-
ȠȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȧȚ ȊȈȔ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȚ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȗțȕȒȚȣ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ «ȥȒȓȍȘȐȘțȦȚ» ȊȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȣȕȒȈ — ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȌȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ,
ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǯȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ ȧ ȘȈșȗȓȈȟțșȤ ȡȍȌȘȖ ǯȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ"
ǷȖȓȕȖȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ ș ȔȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȎȈ-
ȚȐȍȔ ȗȓȍȟ
— ǵȍ șȚȍșȕȧȑȚȍșȤ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȞȐȜȘț ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ
țșȓțȋȈ ȕȍȌȍȠȍȊȈ Ǫȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț ǵț ȕȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȞȐȜȘț
Ǫ țȔȍ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ  Șțȉȓȍȑ  ȕȖ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȚȧȏȈȕȐȑ ȏȈ ȗțșȚȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ

106
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕș șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
— ǵț ȧ ȗȘȐȌț Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ șȚȍșȕȧȍȚȍșȤ. ǹȒȈȎȍȔ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȖȑ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȈȔȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐ-
Țȍ  Șțȉȓȍȑ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ"
ȇ ȖȉȖȔȓȍȓ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ ȞȐȜȘȣ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȐȓ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȣ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȣȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍȊ Ȑ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ  Șțȉȓȍȑ— ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȓȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑȝ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȓȖȊ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȦ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ Ǫȣ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ
ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȐȠȍȚȍ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȐȚ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏ Ȕȣ șȖȑȌȍȔșȧ ȊȈȠȍ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȍ" ǶȚȊȍȚ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȍ
ǺțȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȧȓșȧ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȖȕ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ
«“ǺȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ ǬȎțȏȍȗȗȍ ǨȕȒȖȘȖ” ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȖȖȉȔȍȕ ǩȈȘcȍȓȖȕȈ».
ǰȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȉȍȘȓȐȕȍȞ ȐȓȐ
șȈȒșȖȕȍȞ Ȉ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȈ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȈȧ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ
Ȑ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǵȍȔȍȞ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȔȖȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤ ǪȊȐȌț ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖșȚȐ ȉȘȐȓ-
ȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȣȕȒȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȈȌȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȐȘȎȐ ȊȖȚ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ Ȑ ȌȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȑ țșȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȈȌȘȍș ȖȚȒțȌȈ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ
ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ
ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȚȈȓȈ
ȏȈȚȐȝȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȘȍȊȍȚȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ șȓȖȕȖȊȣȑ ȉȐȊȍȕȤ ȚȘȍ-
ȡȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
ȘțȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ǲȖȕȋȖ ǶȉȍȌ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȠȓȐ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
ǻȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȔȧȋȒȖ șȎȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț
ȗȖȊȣȠȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
— ȇ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȍ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ șȖȑ-
ȌȍȔșȧ

107
IX
ȅȚȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȉȣ Ȑȏ
ȔȖȐȝ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȋșȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȐȞȈ
ǵȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȈȧ ȉȐȘȎȈ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȉȣȓȐ ș ȕȍȔȞȍȔ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȈ-
ȔȖȋȖ
Ǫ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȍ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ ǶșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔțȏȍȐ Ǫ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ǸțȉȍȕșȈ ǼȓȈȔȈȕȌȞȣ ȖȚȌȈȓȐ
ȌȖȓȋ șȊȖȍȔț ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔț ȏȍȔȓȧȒț Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ
ȏȈȓȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȖȉȣȚȤ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȒȐșȚȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ țȋȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȍȔȞȈ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ șțȝȖ-
ȡȈȊȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ
ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ǺȖȚ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ș ȕȐȔ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȧșȤ
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȈ" —
ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ
ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖȔ ǸțȉȍȕșȈ «ǹȕȧȚȐȍ șȖ ǲȘȍșȚȈ» ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȧ Ȑ ȔȐȔȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȊȖȍȑ
șȖȓȐȌȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȔ ȒȖȊȈȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ
Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ șȚȈȊȍȕȤ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȒȖȕ ǵȐȎ-
ȕȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ȋȓțȝțȦ șȚȍȕț.
ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǳȤȍȎȍ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȖșȍȕȤȦ.
ȇ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȍȡȍ ȓȍȚȖȔ țȚȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ
șțȚȖȓȖȒȖȑ ȊȣșȚȈȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȍșȖȔ
Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔ ȒȈȓȍȑȌȖșȒȖȗȖȔ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȓȐȞ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȔ ȠțȔȖȔ

108
Ǫ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ Ǫșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȎȐȊȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ
ȗȖȚȍȘȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȈȧ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȈ ȏȈȘțȉȍȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȕțȦ ȌȈȓȤ
ǯȈȉȣȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȐȧȝ ȗȖ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑșȒȖȔț ȔțȘȈȊȍȑ-
ȕȐȒț ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȊ ȚȖȎȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ǵȖ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕ Ȉ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȈȧ ȉȐȘȎȈ
ȕȍȚ-ȕȍȚ ȌȈ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȔȍȓȤ-
ȒȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȜȐȋțȘȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ-ȕȍȔȞȈ ȕȖ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȓǴȕȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȖ ȗȘȍȚȐȓȖ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȗȐ-
șȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǹȓțȟȈȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȗ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ
X
ǩȣȓ țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǹȍȔȤȧ ȔȖȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊșȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȚȖȓȒȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȑ ȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȐȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȔ ȈȓȓȍȧȔ ǲȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ǴȈșșȈ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ǹȚȘȍȓȒț Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȔȐ ȌȈȔȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȣȔȐ
ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ
ǲȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȈȧ
ǶȉȖȑȌȧ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȔȣșȖȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚ ȕȍ
ȏȈȝȖȌ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȉ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȌȈȔ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈȝ ȧ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȊȌȖȓȤ ǵȍȊȒȐ
ǪȍȘȍȕȐȞȈ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȇ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȧșȖȒ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ șȍȌȖȊȈ-
Țȣȑ ș ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȐȏȧȡȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȍȓȒȍ ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȈȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕșȒȐȑ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȑ ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ

109
ǶȕȐ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȕȈ ǵȍȊȒț ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȓșȧ «ǵȍȔȍȞ» ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓ
Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ
ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȐȕțȚȤ ȓȐ șȓȖȊȖ-ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȍȝȈȓ
ț șȈȔȖȑ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȈȓȓȍȐ ȐȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȠȐȉ-
șȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ țȏȕȈȓ ǹȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȑ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘȍȒȐ ǲȘȍșȚȖȊșȒȐȑ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊǯȈȚȖȘ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȔȈȓȣȔ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȘȧȌ Ȑȝ
ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ
ǪȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȔȈȓȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋțȓȧȍȚȍ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ șȏȈȌȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ
ȅȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȖȑ ȔȈȒȓȍȘ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ Ƿ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȈ" Ƕȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȐȌȍȊȠȐȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȔ
ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȈș Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ
Ȋȣ— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ
— Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȕȈȚȕȣȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ"
— ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌȍ ȗȖ-
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȐȘȎȍ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ șȊȧȏȐ ǺȘțȌȕȖ
ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȒȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȍȞ ȓȐ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ ș ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȍȔț ȊȍȏȌȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍ
ȅȚȖ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈ ȋȘȈȚȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȈȕȚ-
ȊȍȘȗȍȕșȒȖȔț ȕȍȔȞț ǲȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȈȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȖȒ
ǷȐșȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ

110
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ — ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȓȐȟȕȖ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȑȚȐ" ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȐ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈȠȍ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȑȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȉȐȘȎȍȊȐȒț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȍ ǺȖȚ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ
ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ «ȕȍȔȍȞ» țȎȍ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ
XI
ǹȕȖȊȈ țȠȓȐ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȋȖȌȈ ǰȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ ǯȈȊȍșȈ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȏȈȊȖȓȖȒȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȔȟȈȚșȧ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ țȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȏȈ
șȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ
ǷȘȐȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊț Ȑ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȈȧ
ȊȖȑȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȕȖșȐȚ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ǪȖȦȦȚ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȊ-
ȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ǵȍȘȊȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȍȉȍ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȏȈșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȈ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ țȎȈșȖȔ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȔ ȏȊȍȘșȚȊȖȔ șȖȊȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȋțȕȕȖȊ-ȚȍȊȚȖȕȖȊ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȚȤșȧ ȋȍȘȖȐȏȔȖȔ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑ-
ȞȍȊ Ȑ șȖȎȈȓȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȑȝ ȗȖȘțȋȈȕȕțȦ ȖȚ-
ȟȐȏȕț
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȖȒ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȍ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈșȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ:
«ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȈȌȣ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊ
ǷȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ȕȍȑ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȚȈȔ ȎȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ
șȊȍȚ ǻ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȈȚȘțȓȧ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ

șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȎȈȘȍ Ǫ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȤȊȍȌȍȘȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍ-
ȒțȕȌ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚțȝ Ǫșȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚț ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȈȚȘțȓȧ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ șȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȉȘȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ǪȣȓȖȔȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȘțȌȕȣȔ
ǶșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȈȚȘțȓȧ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ țȚȘȖȔ
ȖȚȘȧȌț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȖ
ǲțȌȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȐȓȤȞȣ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǵȍȔȈȓȖ «ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ» ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ
ȎȐȓȐȡȍ ǲȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȍȔȞț
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȊȠȍȔț Ǫ ȉȍȓȤȊȍȌȍȘȍ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ Ȋ
ȠȓȐȜȖȊȖȊȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȜȈȉ-
ȘȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȉȖȔȉ Ȉ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȐȏț ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȈȧ
șȔȍșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ
ǰȏȔȍȕȈ șȊȐȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȊȣȧșȕȍȕȖ ȖȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ țȎȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȓȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȏȈ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊțȦ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȓȤȕȦ
ȅȚȐ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ șȍȒȘȍȚȣ Ȋ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕǲȈȒ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȍ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ “ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ” țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ǭȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȈȟȚȍ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ».
ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȝȓȣȕțȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȐ Țț-
ȔȈȕ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓ
ȔȖȑ ȈȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕșȒȐȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȚȈȒ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȗȓȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍșȣȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȍȔț șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ

ǱȓȜȞȑȖȗ ǿȓȐȓȞȤȓȐ-ǽȜșȖșȜȐ
ǽǼǲ ȅȁǴǼǷ ǹǶȅǶǻǼǷ

I
— Ǻȣ ǬȎȐȔ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȘȍ-
ȗȣȠ-ȔȖȘȧȒ Ȋ ȠȍȘșȚȧȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȑ ȜțȜȈȑȒȍ ș ȉȍȓȣȔ ȧȒȖȘȍȔ
ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǭȋȖ ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȣȍ țșȣ ȗȖȊȐșȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȘȍȌȒȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌ-
ȒȈ ȒțȟȍȘȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȓȈȉȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȧȧ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȋȘț-
ȉȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǬȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ — ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȏțȉȖȊ ȒȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ
ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȓȈ țȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ-
șȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȠȈȗȒȐ ȒȓȖȒ ȚȍȔȕȖ-Șțșȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș
— ǷȖȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȌȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȈȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȖȟȤ
șȚȐȝȕȍȚ Ǩ ȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȐ ǬȐȒ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȣ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȍ ȓȖȌȒț
ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
ǶȉȈ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȘȖșșȒȐȝ ȒȈȉȈȒȖȊ
Ȋ ǫȘȐȔșȉȐ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȚȧȕțȓȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȥȓȤ ǲ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ-șȖșȍȌȍȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ.
ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȒȐ Ȑ șȗȖȘȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȓȐșȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ Șȣȉȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǴȖȘȧȒȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ș ȥȓȍȔ ȘȈș-
șȟȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȊ șȊȖȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȔȖȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȈȘțșȐȕȣ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȖȎȐȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȣ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȠțȔȍȓȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȋȐȉȈȓ
ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȋ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȝ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȚ ȌȘȖȎȈ-
ȡȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȘȈșȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȒȘȖȔț ȖȚ ȔȍȓȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȔȖȓț ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȉȖȚȣ șȒȘȐȗȍȓȐ șȕȈșȚȧȔȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȈ ȧȒȖȘȕȈȧ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ Șȍȧȝ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ
ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
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II
ǷȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȚȤ șȍȚȐ ȏȈȒȐȕțȓȐ ȧȒȖȘȧ ǳȖȊȒȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔȐ șȕȈșȚȧȔȐ ǪșȒȐȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȏȈȓȐȊȟȈȚȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ Ȑȝ ȉȖȚ ȒȈȒ
ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȣȠȒȖ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȍȚ Ȉ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ș ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ
ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎ ȗȖȚțȝȓȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȚȈȝ ȏȈȚțȠȐȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖȘȣȊ
ȊȍȚȘȈ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ǹȍȚȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǪȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȒțȌȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȓȐ
ǿȈșȈ ȚȘȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ Ȑȏ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— ǬȖȔȖȑ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȍȌȍȔ ȌȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ țȑȌȍȚ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǬȎȐȔ șȚȈȘȖȔț ǬȎȖȕț ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȓȍȚ țȎȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȊȠȍȔț ș ȕȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȍȔ ȉȖȚț ȘȖȌ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȍȔț ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓșȧ
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȒȈ-
ȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌțȔț ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ.
— ǲ ȚȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȤ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȔ
ȗȖșȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ"
ǴȖȓȟȐȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ Țȣ șȚȈȘȣȑ țșȕțȓ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" — ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǬȎȐȔ
— ǳțȟȠȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȒȈȟȈȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȓȣȚȤ
ȚȈȔ ȕȍȔȞȣ — țȋȘȦȔȖ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ȘȣȉȈȒ
— ǵȍȔȞȣ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȕȣ Ȑȝ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ-ȚȖ
ȕȈș țȊȐȌȧȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǶȚșȚȖȐȔșȧ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ ȋȌȍ Ȓ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț Ȉ ȒȈȒ țȚȘȖ șȊȍȚȈȚȤ șȚȈȕȍȚ Ȑ țȑȌȍȔ ǲȓȈȌȐ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ ȕȈ
Ȧȋ ǵȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ ȗȖ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȦ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ
ǷȘȐȔȍȘț ǬȎȐȔȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȣ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȌȊȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ țȠȓȐ
Ȓ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ
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115
III
ǷȘȈȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȖȓȒ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȌȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ
ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȉȖȚȈȔ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȐȓȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȔȖșȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȉȖȚȣ
— ǹȚȖȑ — ȗȘȖȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș Ȋ ȘțȗȖȘ — ǲȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ,
ȒțȌȈ ȗȓȣȊȍȚȍ"
Ǫ ȖȚȊȍȚ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȖȚȖȊ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ ǵȍ
ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǷȖȕȧȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ș ȒȍȔ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȌȍȓȖ ǰ ȋȘȖȏȐȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȐ
ȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ ș ȎȈȓȒȐȔȐ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȐȔȐ ȓȖȌȒȈȔȐ șȊȈȘț ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞț Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ ȗȖȌ ȠȈȗȒț ȗȖȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖ ȖȌȕț ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȗȘȖșȚȈȓȐ
ȘȣȉȈȞȒȐȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ
ǷȘȐȊȍȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ Ȋ ȗțșȚțȦ ȚȍȔȕțȦ
ȒȈȔȖȘț ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ Ȑ ș ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǵȈțȚȘȖ ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȉȖȚȈȝ țȎȍ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȉȘȐ-
ȚȈȕșȒȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈ-
ȔȐ ǹ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǬȎȖȕȈ țȋȘȖȎȈȧ ȍȔț
șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȒȈȎȍȚ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȊȣȗȓȣȓȈ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ
ǹȢȍȎȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǵȖ ȊȖȓȧ ȕȍ șȊȖȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋț ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ
ȟȍȔ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȐȓȐșȤ țȎȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ Șȣȉȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȋȘț-
Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȔȐȕȈȔȐ ǽȐȚȘȖțȔȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒțȦ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȈȔ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȚȤ ȔȐȕȣ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ
ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȣȌțȔȒȍ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ
Ȏȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ!
ǵȍȔȞȣ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ țȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ ȝȐȚȘȖțȔȕȖȑ ȊȣȌțȔȒȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ

116
— ǯȈȌȈȌȐȔ Ȕȣ ȥȚȐȔ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȞȈȔ ȊȏȓȍȚȧȚ Ȑȝ șțȌȈ
ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȘȚț ǰȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȌȖ-
ȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȠțȚȒȍ — șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȊȈȔ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȐȚȤ — ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȣȝ
ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȈȔȐ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ǲȈȘȓ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ț Țȍȉȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȉȐȚȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȝȖȔ — ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȝț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț șȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ!.. ȊȖȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ-ȚȖ — șȖ ȏȓȖ-
ȘȈȌșȚȊȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ: — ǵțȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ
șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍ-
țȌȖȉȕȖ
IV
— ǵț șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ, ȋȌȍ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȍȚȤ Ȉ ȕț
— ȗȘȐȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȕȈ ǬȎȖȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ
ǵȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȍȞ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ țȎȍ ȗȓȈȕ,
ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȌțȚ Ȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ, ȟȍȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȌȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ Ȗ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȍ ȊȘȈȋȈ
«ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȗȓȣȊțȚ șȦȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ȕȈȠț Șȣȉț"» — ș ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȦ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȍȚȐ
ǩțȘȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔț țȓȖȊț Ǫșȍ șȍȚȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȉȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ ȧȟȍȑ-
ȒȈȝǵȍȔȞȣ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȏȘȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟțȎȐȔ
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȍșȤ țȓȖȊ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ ȐȔȐ șȓȖȎȍȕ Ȋ ȉȖȚȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȚȐ ȖȗȘȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
Ȍȍ
— ǵț ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȑȚȍșȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ

117
ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȌțȠȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȔȖ-
ȘȧȒȈȔ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȞȍȗȐȓȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȔȐȕȣ Ȓ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȔ șȍ-
ȚȧȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ șȍȚȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȐȊ ȧȒȖȘȧȔȐ
— ǽȖ-ȝȖ-ȝȖ — ȋȖȋȖȚȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ — ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȍȚȐ ȗȖȚȈȕȞțȦȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȏȓȍ-
ȚȧȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǵȍȔȍȞȒȖȔț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȚȈ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ ȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȌȖȚȘȖȕȍȚșȧ ȌȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȕȐȔ ȔȐȕ
ǳȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȕ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ șȖ
ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȔ ȒȖ Ȍȕț
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ țȋȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȓȧȍȔ Ȕȣ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȏȍȔȓȧȒȈȔ! — ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ șȚȈȘȐȒț ǬȎȖȕț țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȔȣȍ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȔȐȕȣ
V
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȚȒȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȗȓȈȕ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ
ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ — ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ț ȕȈș ȍȡȍ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȔȐȕ"
— ǴȕȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ
ȜȓȖȚ — ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȉȈȝȊȈȓȤșȚȊȈ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ
— Ǩ ȒȘȈșȒȈ ȍșȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ"
— ǲȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ǵȈ ȚȘȈț-
ȓȍȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ
ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȊȣȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ǵȍȔȍȞȒȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȔȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȒȐȌȈȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȊșȦȌț
«ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ» ȚȈȒ țȊȓȍȒșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȘȈȓȐȓ țȎȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȈȌșȒȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍ-

118
ȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓșȧ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ Ȑ ȗȖȌ țȋ-
ȘȖȏȖȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȣȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȣȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȥȚȖȚ
ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ, ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȌȈȓ ȉȖȚȣ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ
ǷȖȌȖȑȚȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȥȚȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ șȍȚȍȑ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȍȘȍ-
ȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȖȚȍ Ȓ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘț ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȐȘȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ș ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ
ǷȓȈȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖșȚ ǵȍȔȞȣ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȐ ȖȒȘȈșȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ
ȔȐȕȣ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ șȈȔȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȍȑ ǷȖȌȚȈșȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒțȦ țșȓțȋț ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗȖȊȍșȚȧȚ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ Ȗ
ȊȍȘȖȓȖȔșȚȊȍ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ Ȑ șȊȈȓȧȚ ȊșȦ ȊȐȕț ș ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊțȦ
ǵȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȕȈȒȐȌȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ǵȍȔȍȞȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȒ ȔȐȕ ǹȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ șțȌȈ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚȤ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ
— ǵț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȀȊȈȘȞȉȍȘȋ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
șȊȖȍȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț, ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț ȚȘȈțȓȍȘȈ, ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ — Ȕȣ ȉȍȏ
Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȔ ȕȈȠ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȍȔșȧ ȊȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȏȈ-
ȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
ǺȘȈțȓȍȘ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠțȦșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȓ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȦ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȦ.
VI
ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȍțȓ ȗȖȗțȚȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȚșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ǫȘȐȔșȉȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍ-

119
ȏȖȗȈșȕȍȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ șȊȖȐȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȓȍȎȐȠȤ" ǺȘțșȐȠȤ" — ȗȘȍ-
ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȘȣȉȈȒț ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȎȈȓșȧ ǬȎȖȕ ȏȈȒțșȐȓ ȋțȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ
ȌȍȘȏȒȖȔț ȊȘȈȋț ǻ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ țȎȍ șȖȏȘȍȓ ȗȓȈȕ Ƕȕ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȏȓȖȌȍȍȊ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȍȔț
ǫȘȐȔșȉȐ
ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ǽȖȚȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȘȐșȚȖ ȕȖ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȗȈȓ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȗțșȒȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȟțȚȤ ȊȐȌȕȍȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț ȔȖȘȍ ȌȣȠȈȓȖ șȖȓȤȦ Ȑ ȑȖȌȖȔ ǳȍȋ-
ȒȈȧ ȌȣȔȒȈ șțȔȍȘȍȒ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȊȖȌȧȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȍ-
ȋȌȍ ȏȈȒȓțȉȐȓșȧ ȚțȔȈȕ
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȘȈ ǹȚȈȊȤ ȗȈȘțșȈ ǮȐȊȖ ȌȖȔȟȐȔșȧ ȌȖ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȍȊȍ-
ȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ǫȘȐȔșȉȐ
Ǫșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ǪȍȟȍȘ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȓ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓ ȚȤȔț ȧȘȒȐȑ șȚȖȓȉ
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ȋșȍ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȐ ȉȖ-
Țȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ țȉȍȌȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȐ ȔȖȘȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȖȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ șțȌȖȊ, ȓțȟ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ țȗȈȓ ǹȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ
Ƕșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓțȟȈ ǪȖȓȤ-
ȋȍȔțȚ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȒȈȏȈȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȍȡȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ǫȘȐȔșȉȐ — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȖȘșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȓȒȈ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ — Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȓȐȕȐȦ
ȋȈȏȖȊȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ
VII
Ǫșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ șȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȍ ȋȈ-
ȈȕȐ ǷȘȐȚȐȝȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȊȣȘțȋȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ț ȋȘțȌȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǬȎȖȕȈ șȐ-
ȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȞȍȔ

120
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȣȉȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ƕȕ ȊȗȍȘȐȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȖȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȟȒț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȌțȚ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔț ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕț ȐȓȐ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȌȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȋșȧ ȏȈ-
ȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȘțȉȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȔȕȐ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșȔȍȍȠȤ
ȗȖȌȈȚȤ șȐȋȕȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ țȉȐȚ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ țȋȘȖȏȣ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǬȎȖȕ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȖ-
ȏȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ
ǪȖȚ țȎ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȉȖȚȣ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ șȚȊȖȘȣ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȍȡȍ șȚȈȓ ȚȐȠȍ ǹ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȍȧșȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ șȈȔ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ
ȘȈȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȕ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȍȓȍ șȓȣȠȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȟȐȕȈȑȚȍ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȣȉȈȝ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȋșȍ
șȊȖȐ țșȐȓȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ țȎ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ șȒȈȟȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȖȘȚ ȏȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȐȕȈȔȐ ȉȖȚȈ
ǭȡȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌțȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȔț Ȋ
ȘȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȗȓȣȊțȡȍȋȖ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȈ ȐȓȐ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȊ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ"
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȗȓȣȚȤ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȐ
ǬȖ șȚȊȖȘȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȍȓȍ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȓ
țȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȍ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȐ ȉȖȚȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕț țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ — ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȣȝ ȔȈ-
ȚȘȖșȖȊ ǩȓȐȏȖȒ șȚȊȖȘ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ

121
ǵȖș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȎȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ
ȋȈȊȈȕȤșȒȖȋȖ șȚȊȖȘȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȝȖ ȉȘȧȒȕțȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȗȗȈ-
ȘȈȚ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȚȈȓȐ șȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ
ǻȎȈș ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȐȝ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȦ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ǻ ǪȖȓȤȋȍȔțȚȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȒȐȕțȚȤ
ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕț Ȋ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ șȚȊȖȘ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț
— ǲȐȌȈȑ ȔȐȕț ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ — ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ
Ȗȕ șȖșȍȌȕȍȔț ȉȖȚț
ǰ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȌȘțȎȕȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȣ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȈȗȍȚ Ȓ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȣ ȌțȉȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȚȖȓȉ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȖȓ Ȑ ș ȋȘțȏȕȣȔ ȗȓȍșȒȖȔ țȗȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȚ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǴȖȘȍ ȘȈșșȚțȗȐȓȖșȤ ǳțȟȐ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȚȖȓȉȖȔ
țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ
Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȉȖȚȖȊ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȔ țȞȍȓȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȌȊȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȣ ȖȚ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȖȋȖ șȚȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ
VIII
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȔȍȘȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ-
ȓȖȊȐȚȤ Țȍ ȔȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȊȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔ Ȑȏ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ șțȌȈȔ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȎȍȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ țȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȖ Ȑȝ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȌȍȚȖȕȈȞȐȐ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǹȓȍȌȣ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȈșȕȣ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ǰȝ țȚȍȠȈ-
ȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ, ȌȈȎȍ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȧ
ȓȖȌȒȈ, ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ

122
— ǵț șȚȈȘȐȒ Țȍȉȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈ — ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȊ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ — ǩȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȧ Țȍȉȍ ȈȌșȒȐȑ ȏȈȔȣșȍȓ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȕȍ țȌȈȓșȧ
—ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚ, ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ — ȚȐȝȖ, ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ, șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȎȖȕ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ Ȗ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ ț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ Ȑ
Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȏȓȖȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȐȔȍȊȠȍȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȖȗȖȘȖȟȐȚȤ ȉȘȐ-
ȚȈȕșȒȖȍ ȐȔȧ
ǵȍ țȔȖȓȟȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȘȐȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ Ȓ ȘȣȉȈ-
ȟȤȐȔ șȍȚȧȔ ȔȐȕȈȝ
ǪșȗȖȓȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ șȕȈȘȧ-
Ȏȍȕ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȉȣșȚȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍȊ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ
— ǵț ǬȎȖȕ — ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȧ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈ — Țȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ
ȗțșȚȤ ȚȊȖȐ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȘȖȌȐȕȣ
Țȣ ȊȣȐȡȍȠȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ Ȑ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ"
— ǲȈȒ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȇ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ ȖșȕȈșȚȒț
ȇȘȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǹȊȍȎȍȓȖ ǹȍ-
ȌȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȖȑ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȠȐȗȍȓȈ
ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȋȐȉȈȧșȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȕȖȠȐ ȏȕȈȟȒȐ — țȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȎȖȕ ȕȈ ȔȈȝȈȓȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ț ȉțȑȒȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ șȍȚȐ
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕ-
șȚȊȖ Ȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǪȖȕ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȗțșȚȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈ
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șțȌȕȖ «șȢȍȓ» ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȖȔț
— ȅȚȖ ǿȈȘȓȐ șțȌȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȐȑ ȜȓȈȋ
Ǫșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȕȈ «ȘȣȉȈȒȈ»,
ȒȈȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȍ
— ǻȘȈ — ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȖ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ

123
— ǵț ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊ ȓȐ ȧ ȉȣȓ ǿȈȘȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ
ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȊȣȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȔȐȕȣ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ș ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȖȍ șțȌ-
ȕȖ Ȋșȧ ȖșȕȈșȚȒȈ ȖȒȘȈșȒȈ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȖȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț
— ǵț Ȉ Țȣ ǬȎȖȕȕȐ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ" — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȣȉȈ-
Ȓț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȡȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ
ǵȈȗȘȧȋȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șțȏȐȓȐșȤ
— ǷȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȠȒȖȚ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
ȊȣȚȧȕțȚ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȠȓȦȏ ȐȕȈ-
ȟȍ ȗȘȖȗțȡȍȕ
ǺȈȒȈȧ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈ țșȔȍȝ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ țȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȘȣȉȈ-
ȒȈ
— Ǩ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȔ ǿȈȘȓȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘț — ǹȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑȚȍșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȈ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȗțșȚȧ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘț
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ
ǲȈȒȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȚȘȈțȓȍȘȈ!
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗțȡȍȕȖ ȚȘȈȗȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȔȖ-
ȘȧȒȖȊ Ȉ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȖȋȖ șȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȉȣȓȖ
șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȞȍȗȤ
ǷȖȕȧȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș
Ȏȍ ȊȣȊȍșȐȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ ȊȗțșȚȐȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȉȖȘȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ș ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ
ǹțȍȚȈ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ǴȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ Ȓ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț — Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ.
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ ȖȟțȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șțȌȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȖșȤ ș ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȖȑ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȍȑ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȀȊȈȘȞȉȍȘȋ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ
ȔȖȘȧȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȖȘțȎȐȍ, Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȌȈȓ-

șȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ
ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȖȉȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ șțȌȕȈ;
Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȚȕȐ ȔȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȜȈȘȊȈȚȍȘȍ
ǵȍȔȞȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ț Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȘȈțȓȍȘ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖ țȔȖȓȟȈȊ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȖȉȓȐȒȖȔ șțȌȕȈ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȏȓȖȌȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȓȈȕ

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ ǯȎȞȥȓțȘȜ
©ȋǸǿȀǾǳǻǻȉǺ ǾǳǷǿǼǺª

127
ǵȈȌȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǹȖȓȕȞț ȕȈȌȖȍ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȍȓȍ ȗȖȓȏȚȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȕȐȚȖȔ ǰ ȉțȌȚȖ ȓȖȗȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐȚȤ,
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ șȗȓȦȡȍȕȕȣȑ
ȌȐșȒ ǩȣșȚȘȖ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ țșȗȍȊȈȍȠȤ — ȌȐșȒ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ
ȊȖȌț ȗȖȓȖȡȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȈȓțȦ ȓȍȕȚț Ȑ ȚȖȕȍȚ
ǰ ȕȍȚ ȏȈȘȐ ǩȣșȚȘȖ șȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȚțȠȐȚ ȒȘȈșȒȐ.
ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȏȈȘȍȊȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ «șȖȓȕȞ» Ǩ ȘȍȑȌ ȊȍșȤ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȖȊȈȕ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ
Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȣȔȐ
ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ș țȚȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȚȘȈȊȐȓ ȧȒȖȘȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȓȍȉȍȌȤ ȒȘȈ-
șȈȊȍȞ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȓȈȑȕȍȘ «Messageries Maritimes», Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȚȘȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȧȌȈ
Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȏȊțȒȐ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ ǺȍȔȕȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ Șțș-
șȒȖȋȖ «ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȈ» ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȓȈ șȖȕȕțȦ ȊȖȌț ȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
Ǫ ȉȈȠȕȧȝ-ȚȘțȉȈȝ ȎȍșȚȒȖ șȒȘȍȎȍȡȍȚ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȈȘȣ
ǰ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈ ȚȘȍȗȍ-
ȡȍȚ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ș ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋțȌȍȕȤȍȔ
ǪȕȐȏț ȊȐȏȎȈȚ Ȑ șȚȘȍȒȖȟțȚ ȓȍȉȍȌȒȐ ș ȠȈȓȈȕȌ ȋȘțȏȧȚ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȋȖȓȤ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ
II
— ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ"
ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȧȉȒȖ ȊșȚȘȧȝȕțȓȈ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȉț-
ȠȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȝ ȕȖȎȒȈȝ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋ ȓȖȕȋȠȍȏȍ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ
— ǹȖ ȔȕȖȑ" ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ"
— ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ǩȖȧȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȍȑȟȈș șȖȘȊȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȊȖȌț ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȚȘȖș ǲșȚȈȚȐ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȒȚȖ Ȗȕ" ǰȓȐ
ȥȚȖ ȦȕȋȈ"
ǺȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒțȉȣȠȊȈ-ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ ȗȣȝȕțȓ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȔȈȕȐȓȤșȒȖȑ
șȐȋȈȘȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȖȉȓȈȟȒȖ ȗȈȝțȟȍȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ
— ǵț țȎ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȦȕȋȈ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȔȈȓȖȔț ȐȌȍȚ.
ȅȚȖ ȇȕșȖȕ ȥșȚȖȕȍȞ ǳȖȊȒȈȧ ȠȍȓȤȔȈ ǰȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȘȍȑșȖȔ

128
Ȉ ș ȌȍȓȖȔ ȖșȊȖȐȓșȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ «Ǻțȓȍ» ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȊȈș ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ"
— ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ"
ǷȖȌ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȔ ȘȈșȗȓȦȡȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȗȓȖșȒȖȌȖȕȕȣȑ
ȚțȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȌȖȡȈȕȐȒ ȋȘțȎȍȕȣȑ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȕȈȋȐȍ
ȜȐȋțȘȣ șȐȌȧȚ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖȟȈȋȈ ǶȋȖȕȤ
ȔȈȎȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȉȍȓȒȐ ȊȓȈȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǬȓȐȕȕȣȍ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȓȖȎȈȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ȋȓȈȌȧȚ
ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȑ ȉȖȘȚ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȍ șȊȍȚȈ ȊȐșȐȚ
ȕȈȌ ȉȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȋ ȔȈȚȘȖș-
șȒȖȑ ȘțȉȈȠȒȍ ș șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȔ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȖȔ
ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ȇȕșȖȕ
— ǭșȚȤ
— Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȒȖȗȈȍȠȤșȧ" ǰȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ" ǫȖȚȖȊȖ"
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ
— ǷȖȌȐ-ȒȈ șȦȌȈ
— ǭșȚȤ
ǴȈȚȘȖș ȗȖȌȍȘȋȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȓȐȕȤ ȗȖȌȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȏȔȍȍȑ
ȗȖȗȖȓȏ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȜȈȓȤȠȉȖȘȚ Ȋȣ-
Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȇȕșȖȕ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ
ǰȏȧȡȕȈȧ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȞȈ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȠȚțȘ-
ȔȈȕț
— ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ Ǫȣ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ
ǹȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȗȖȊȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȑ
ǶȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț șȚȘȈȕȕȖ-ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ș ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ
— ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ ȅȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ƿțș-
ȚȧȒȐ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ǫȣ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȕȍ șȓțȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȞȐȘȒȍ"
ǴȈȚȘȖș ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȈțȏț ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ
țȋȓȈȔȐ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȋțȉ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
— ǵȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȚ ȕȍ șȓțȎȐȓ ȇ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȒȈ ș ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȠȚțȘ-
ȔȈȕț ǪȐȌȐȔȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȉȍșȍȌț ș ȥȚȐȔ ȎȐȓȐ-
șȚȣȔ ȥȒȊȐȓȐȉȘȐșȚȖȔ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȏȈțȘȧȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ

129
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȧȓȈșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȣȑ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȜȍȓȤȟȐȒ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȣȔ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȔ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȡȍȓȒ-
ȕțȓȈ ȏȈȔȖȟȒȖȔ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓȈ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȉȖ-
ȒȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȟȈȑȕțȦ ȘȖȏț ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ șȚȍȉȓȍȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȏ
— ǩȍȘȐ ȉȍȘȐ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ — ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ —ǰȠȤ
ȓȈȗȣ-ȚȖ ȚȘȧșțȚșȧ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȝȈȕȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț" ǴȖȎȍȠȤ
ȐȌȚȐ
— ȀȍȓȤȔȈ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ — Ǩ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ǭȔț
ȉȖȞȔȈȕșȒȈȧ ȊȈȒȈȕșȐȧ ȊȗȖȘț
ǯȊȖȕȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ș ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȕȚȖȔ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ǴȖȎȕȖ" ǵȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȦ"
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȒȘȍȗȣȠ Ȋ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ ȒȐȚȍȓȍ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȑ ȖȚ ȏȈȋȈȘȈ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȓȍșȍȕȒȐ ȁȍȓȒ-
ȕțȓ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȊȖ-
ȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȖȉȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȐȕȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǵȍȚ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǵȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȦ" Ǫȣ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȑȚȍșȤ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǪȖȚ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȊȐș Ȋ ȒȈȔȣȠȖȊȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ
ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ
— ǻȜ ǵț Ȑ ȊȈȝȚȈ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȋȘȈȌțșȈ ȕȐȎȍ
— Ǩ șȒȖȘȖ șȕȐȔȈȍȔșȧ"
— ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț șȍȑȟȈș ǪȖȕ Ȑ ȕȈȠ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȈȚȐȚ
ǹȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȊȣȓțȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȖșȓȐ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȏȘȈȟ-
ȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ ȔȖȚȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȚȍȘȈ ǹȚȈȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ȒȈȒ ȊȏȋȖȕȧȍȚ Ȗȕ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȗȍȕȐșȚțȦ ȋȖȘț ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘ-
ȡȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȊȏȉȈȓȈȔțȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȚȌțȊȈȧșȤ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȧ
ȓȣșȐȕț ȊȏȔȖȒȠȍȑ ȚȘȧȗȖȟȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȒ ǵȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȒȖȏȣȘȧȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȊșȚȈȊȠȐȔ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȊȍșȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȘțȟȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț ȌȈȔȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȋȍ ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȠȒȖȓȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȉȈșȒȖȔ
— ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ǷȖȎȈȓȓ-ȚȤ
ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ș șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȒȖȘȚȐȒ Ȑ ȚȘțșȞȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊț
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȖȒȖșȐȓșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ

130
— ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȠȚȖȘȔțȍȚ ǿȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǪȈȔ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȕȐȔȍȔșȧ ǿȍ-
Șȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
— ǰ șȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț Ǵȍȕȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ țȚȖȔȐȓ
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȉ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȓțȟȠȍ
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȔȐ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȗȈțȏț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— Ǭȓȧ ȊȈș ȓțȟȠȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǵȖ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȊȐȟ ǶȗȧȚȤ" Ǩ ȊȈȠȍ șȓȖȊȖ" ǹȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȒȘȍȗȣȠ Ȋ
ȒțȞȍȔ ȒȐȚȍȓȍ ș ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȐȞȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȚȖȗȈȓ
ȒȘȐȊȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȉȒȐ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȈ ǷȖ-
ȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓȐȒț ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȗȖȚȈ ȕȈ ȓȣ-
șȐȕȍ
— ǵȍȉȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȘțȟȒț ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ
ȕȍȊȍȎȍȑ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȗȘȐșȍșȚȤ" ǺȈȒ ǪȈșȐ-
ȓȐȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȑȚȍ ǬȈ ǲȓȈșșȕȣȝ ǫȘȐȕ-
ȉȍȘȋ ȖȗȖȊȍșȚȐȚ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȍȕȞȍȊ țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍ ǹȗțșȚȐȚȍșȤ Ȑ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȍ
— ǵȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ" Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗțȋȈȍȚȍ
— ǫȖȓțȉțȠȒȈ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ǲȈȉȣ ȧ șȈȔ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ
ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ǩ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȖȦșȤ Ǵȣ Ȓț-
ȌȈ ȊȈș ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ"
— ǪȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ
— ǵț-ș Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȘțȟȈȍȔșȧ ǴȖȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ
șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈ «ǩȖȕȈȗȈȘȚȈ» Ƕȕ ȊȈș Ȓ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚ Ȉ
ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ"
— Ǵȣ ȋȖȓțȉțȠȒȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȚȖȎȍ șȕȐȔȈȍȔșȧ ǬȈ ȌȈ
ǶȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȉ țȎ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ — ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ
Ǫ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȔ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȐȊȣ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȓȖȕȋȠȍȏȈ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȘȐșȒțȦ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ
ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ" ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ǩȝ
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ"

131
— ǵȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȘțȟȈȦșȤ ǬȈ ȊȈȔ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȦȠȒȈ ȔȈȓȖ ǪȈș Ȑ
ǲȐȚȈȑ Ȑ ǰȕȌȐȧ ș ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȔțȚ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȒȈ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǰ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ șȖȊȍșȚȕȖ" ȇ ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȒȚȖ" ǵȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȦșȤ
ș ȔȍșȚȈ ǵȈȏȈȌ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȏȘȐȓșȧ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
— Ǩ ȊȈȠ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȐȔȗȘȍșȈȘȐȖ?
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȒȈ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȗȧȚȐȓȈ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȋțȉȒț
— ǲȈȒȐȍ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȚ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ"
III
— Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȟȈș ȌȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ ǵț Ȉ ȧ țȎȍ ȏȈșȣȗȈȦ
— ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ǶȌȕț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȔȐȕțȚȖȟȒț
Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȊȖcȝȖȌ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ!
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȝȖ-ȟț șȗȈȚȤ
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ ȚȈȘȈȡȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȊȐȟ ȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȌȖ-
ȉȐȚȤșȧ ț ȊȈș ȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȐȌȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș"
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȊȍșȐȓ ȕȈ-
ȉȖȒ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ
— ǹȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ǹ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȎȌȍȔ
țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȊȖȑȕȈ" ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȍșȓȐ țȎȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȖ" ǵȈș țȚȖȗȧȚ"
— ǵ-ȕț ȥȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ, — ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȖȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȓșȧ, — ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ǵȣ ȏȈȑȌȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚ șȖȦȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ ȊȖȖȘțȎȐȔșȧ ǹ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȈȠȈ «ǺțȓȈ»
— ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȊȈȠț șȓțȎȉț
ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȔȖȘȧȒ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȑ"
— Ǵȕȍ" ȇ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȜȓȖȚȈ ǶșȚȈȕțșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ȚȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȊȈȝȚȣ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ
— ǰ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ" Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȖ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ"

132
ǪȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȚȘțȉȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ șțȔȘȈȒ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ
ȔȖȓȕȐȧ
ǵȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ șȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȐșȒȘȈȔȐ ȌȣȔȈ ǺȧȎȍȓȖ ȕȈȊȐșȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȚșȊȍȚȖȔ ȒȖȘȔȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȌ ȓȖȕȋȠȍ-
ȏȖȔ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ
ǷȖȘȊȈȓȈ șȐȕȦȦ ȌȣȔȒț ȕȖȊȈȧ ȐșȒȘȈ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
— ǲȖȔț-ȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȚ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ șȐȗȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȓșȧ șȊȍȘȝț ș ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ
— ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȣȟ ǲȈȒ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȈ ȗȖȉțȌȐȓȐ" ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǺȘȍȉțȍȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǯȊȖȕ-
ȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ
— ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȖȌȕț șȍȒțȕȌȖȟȒț
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ țȗȘțȋțȦ șȗȐȕȒț ȓȖȕȋ-
ȠȍȏȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǵȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘșȒȖȔ ȔȖș-
ȚȐȒȍ, șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ ȊȣȏȖȊ Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȑ Șțȉ-
ȒȐ ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȜȖȘȔȐȓȈșȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȖȊȈȧ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓȈ țȓȣȉȒț ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȚȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ
ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȌȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȐȒȖȔ ȉȘȖȊȐ
«ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȈ" ǲȚȖ ȉȣ ȔȖȋ ȌțȔȈȚȤ" ǹȖ-
șȍȌȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ — ȊȘȈȋȐ ȏȓȣȍ țȉȐȑȞȣ ǬȈȊȕȖ ȓȐ ǵȈȌȍȎȌț
ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕț ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ" ǭȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȍȊșȒȖȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ǾȊȍȚȣ ȋȘȖȔ ȘțȒȖȗȓȍșȒȈȕȐȑ ȖȊȈȞȐȐ. ǭȍ
țșȗȍȝ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ǪȣȝȖȌȒȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȈ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȜȖȕ-
ȅȉȍȘșȈ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǹȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȕȈ-
ȞȐȦ ș ȕȈȔȐ" ǹȔȍȠȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ
ȦȕȖȠȐ ș ȕȈȋȓȣȔ ȌȖȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕ-
ȚȖȊ" ǭȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ
ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȅȉȍȘș ȗțșȚȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗț-
ȓȦ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȓȐȕȐ-
Ȓȍ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤ Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȑȚȍ-
ȕȈȕȚ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎȐȊ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ — ș ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ș ȋțșȧ
ȊȖȌȈ" “ǷȘțșșȒȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȗȘȈȊȈ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȓȦȉ-
ȊȐ” — ȕȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȥȚț ȜȘȈȏț"»

133
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȊșȚȘȧȝȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȧ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ ǪȌȘțȋ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ȓȖȕȋȠȍȏȍ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ-ȏȧȉȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȈ ȕȖȋȐ
ǷȘȧȔȖ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȓȍȋ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȊȍȚȓȣȝ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǺȖȚ Ȏȍ Ȑȏ-
ȋȐȉ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ șȒȓȈȌȒȈ ȕȈ ȓȉț
ǹȊȍȘȝț șȚțȟȈȚ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȧȏ-
ȋȈȓȐ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ ȋȘțȏȕȖ șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȚȖȓșȚȧȒ-ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ǶȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȈ ǴȐȕțȍȔ ǨȌȍȕ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐȧ ș ȕȈȔȐ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȟȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ȊȈș ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍȚ"
— Ǩȝ, ȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȚȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȖȕ ȖȚȚțȌȈ
— ǶȚȚțȌȈ" ǬȈ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȠ ȔȈȚȘȖș Ǻȣ ȟȍȋȖ ȇȕșȖȕ?
— ǲȕȍȝȚȣ ȗȖȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ
ȗȘȖȚȍȘȍȚȤ
— ǩȈȘȣȕȦ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓ ǹȋȐȕȤ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȘțȏȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȍȕȒȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȓ
ȊșȗȖȚȍȊȠțȦ ȓȣșȐȕț ȖȚȌțȊȈȓșȧ ǷȘȐșȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȒț
ȗȖȚȘȧș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǬȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȚ ǹȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȦȍȔ
IV
— ǿțȘ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟțȘ ǬțȔȈȓ ȘțșȈȓȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǫȖȓț-
ȉțȠȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȥȚȈȒ Ȋȣ șȍȉȧ ȊȒȖȕȍȞ ȐȏȊȍȌȍȚȍ ǲȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȋȓȈȏ
ȕȍ șȔȣȒȈȍȚȍ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ țșȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȎȈȘț" Ǩ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȥȚȈ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚșțȚ-
șȚȊȐȍ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
ǺȖȓșȚȧȒ-ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȚ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȧ
— ǴȈȚțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȏȣȡȐȚȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ ȖȋȕȐ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ǰ ȚȖ ȕȍ șȋȓȈȏȐȚȤ ȔȐȔȖ ǴȈȓȍȌȐȕșȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȔȣȋȕț-
ȓȐ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȣȟ ǷȖȎȈ-ȈȓȚȤ
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȊȈȝȚț Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
ȓȐȠȤ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȚȤ ȊȏȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȒț

134
— ǷȖȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ-ȒȈ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȋȣ ǹȓȍȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȍȚ"
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ǶȉȈ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓȐ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȐ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȊȓȍȊȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȖȒț-
ȓȧȘȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ
Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ǺȈȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȐ ȚțȔȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ
— Ǩ" Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ" ǷȖȏȊȖȕȐȚȍ-ȒȈ ǪȈșȐȓȤ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟț
ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ȉȖȟȖȕȒȖȔ ȊȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȏȈșȚȍ-
ȋȐȊȈȧ ȒȐȚȍȓȤ ǷȘȐȕȧȊ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȒ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ ȗȖȌȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȗȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐșȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȍ ȕȖȚȒȐ
— Ǭ-ȌȈ-ș ǰ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ" ǴȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț"
— ǺȘȖȐȝ ȕȈșȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖ ȖȋȕȧȔ Ǩ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚțȠȍȕȖ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȒȘțȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȡȍȓȒȈȓ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ
— ǹȍ-ȥȓȐ ǪȣȝȖȌ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ǲȈȒ ȘȈȏ
ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍȘșȍ ǨȌȍȕȈ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȕȈ ǨȌȍȕ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȣȟ Ȓ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚț ǮȈȘȤ ȉȍȏ ȖȚșȍȟȒȐ Ǵȍ-
ȝȈȕȐȒț — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟȐȡȍ șȈȝȈȘȈ țȋȖȓȤ
ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ȖȉȘȖȕȐȓ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ
— ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ
— ǬțȌȒȐ ǷȖȌ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȔ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȔȖȓȖȌȍȓ ȏȈșȐȋȕȈȓȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕțȦ
ȘțȉȒț
— ǫȈȘȚȊȐȋ ȈȓȓȖ ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȑȚȍ ȊȣȏȖȊ ǬȈ ȌȈ
ȗȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔț ǵȈȟȐȕȈȑȚȍ ȊȣȏȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ șțȌȖȊ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȑȚȍ
șȐȋȕȈȓȐȚȤ «ǯȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȥșȒȈȌȘț ǺȘȐ ȊȣȔȗȍȓȈ ǵȍ ȘȍȠȈȍȔ-
șȧ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ǨȌȍȕ ǹȒȈ-ȚȐ-Ȕșȧ Ȓ ǴȈȌȈȋȈșȒȈȘț» ǷȖȕȧȓȐ" ǸȈ-
ȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ǵț ȗțșȒȈȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȖȓȉȈșȕȐȒȐ!
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȧȟȈ ȗȘȍȘȣ-
ȊȐșȚȣȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȠțȚȐȚȤ
— ǪȖȚ Ǩ Ȋȣ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȖȑ"
— ǺȐȗțȕ ȊȈȔ Ǵȣ șȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗțȡȍȕȣ
ǲȖȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȣ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȠȐȘȖȚȈȝ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ǬȈȑȚȍ șȘȖȒ,

135
ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȔ Ȓ ǨȌȍȕț ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȌȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȒȈȒ
ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȎȌȧ ǻȝȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ
ǯȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ țȎȍ ȌȍȕȤ țȊȧȏȈȓȈșȤ ȈȒțȓȈ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȈȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȈ ȏȈ șțȚȒȐ șȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ǵȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ șțȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȕȐ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȐ
ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔț ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ Ȋ ȝȊȖșȚȍ ȊȏȉȈȓȈȔțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȐȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȍ-
ȕȣ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȗȍȘȖȔ ȔȈȧȟȐȓ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈ
ǰ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȈȒțȓȈ ȋȖȕȐȚșȧ ȏȈ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ șȖȚȕȐ ȔȐȓȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȟț
_____
Ǫ ȘțȉȒȍ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȐ
ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȈ ǷȈȓțȉȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț țȠȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǹȍ-
ȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȖȒ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȚțȓȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȖșȤ șȕȖȊȈ ǳȐȠȤ ȒȘț-
ȚȖȑ ȐȏȓȖȔ ȗȍȕȐșȚȖȋȖ șȓȍȌȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȌȈ ȊșȗțȝȠȈȧ ș ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȓȐȝȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ
ǹ ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ș ȊȣșȠȐȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȉȒȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȖȌȍȊȠȐȑ
ǪȣȚȍȘ ȓȣșȐȕț ȞȍȗȒȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȏȍ ȓȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ-ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ǷȖȌȔȐȋȕțȓ ǵȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȍ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔț Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓ Ȓ ȖȒțȓȧȘȈȔ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȖșȐ șȊȖȑ ȋȘțȏȕȣȑ ȚȖȘș ȖȉȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ș
ȓȖȕȋȠȍȏȈ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȈ
— ǬȤȧ-Ȉ-ȈȊȖȓȣ ǰș-ȒȈȘȐȖ-ȖȚȣ
ǴȧȟȐȒȖȔ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒț ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ
ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ǹȈȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȍȊȈȧ ȘȖȚ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ ȏȈ-
ȗȓȧșȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
— ǰșȒȈȘȐȖȚȣ ǯȈȘȍȏȈȓȐ Ǫ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȍȒțȕȌȣ
ȗȖȌȓȍȞȈ ȕȈ ȕȖȒȈ-ȘȍȦ.

136
Ǫ țȎȈșȍ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȘȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȝ ȠȚțȘȊȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ
ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ
ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȒȈȒ șȈȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȓȖȔȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȐ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȘțȉȒȍ ș ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ș ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȖȔ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȖȘȔȣ
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȓ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ
— ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ǲȖȘȔȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ǲȚȖ" ǲȖȋȌȈ"
ǰ ȖȉȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȊțȈȓȤ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȖȎȐȚșȧ
Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ȊȖȓȕȣ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȚ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȉȓȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ
ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
— ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȍȋȖ?
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȋȈș
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȉȒȐ ǷȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ
— ǷȖȌ șțȌ-ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ș ȗȖȌ șțȌ ǪȣȒȓȦȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ-ș ǪȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ
ǹȕȐȏț ȏȈȚȖȗȈȓȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȀȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȊȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ ȠȚțȘ-
ȔȈȕ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȖȉȓȐȚȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȣȡȈȊȖȔ
ȒȘțȋȓȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ-ȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȍ ǬȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȏȈȚȖȗȈȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ. ǲȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȚȖȗȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȓșȧ
ǩȣȓȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȖȚȠȈȚȕț-
ȓȈșȤ
ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȉȈ ȗȖȌ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȧ-
ȌȧȔȐ ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȖȗțȚȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȕȍȔ,
ș ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȋȘțȉȖ ȊȣȊȍȘȕțȚȣȔȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȐ-
ȕțȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦȡȍȑ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ
ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ț ȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȘȈȡȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒț ȒȐȕțȓ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ
— ǸȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ" ȇȕșȖȕ"

137
ǷȓȍȕȕȐȒ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȔȧȓ ȕȖȋȐ, ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ
ȖȚ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȒ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ, ș ȌȖș-
ȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ
— ǼȓȖȚȈ ǭȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȜȖȕ ȅȉȍȘș
— Ǩ. ǫȔ ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ" ǪȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǩțȌȍȚȍ
ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ǨȌȍȕ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȕȍ țȊȍȕ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ țșȗȍȝȖȔ Ǫ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȣȡȐȚȍ ǵȐȒȖ-
ȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȣȟ ǹȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȝȚț ǵȈȘȧȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȘȈțȓ
Ǫ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȍ ǵȈ ȜȖȕȍ șȐȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȉȘȍȏȍȕȚȖȊȈȧ
șȚȍȕȒȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȍȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȈ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ,
ȗȓȖȊțȟȈȧ ȊȐȌȕȈ șțȚțȓȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȊȖȐȘȈ-ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȈ Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ
ȗȘȧȔȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȍ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȘȚȐ-
ȕȈ ǲȘȐȒ ǩȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȘȈȏț ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ șȗȐȕȈ
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ǯȈȌȕȐȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ ȘȈșȚȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȒȈȔȍȑȒȖȑ, ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȓȍȚȐȚ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȐȋȕȈȓȤȡȐȒȈ:
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖ-ȖȔ
ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ǺȖȚ Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖș ș ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȔ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ
ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ǿȍȓȖȊȍ-ȥȒ
ǪșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ șțȍȚȈ ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȊ ȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǹ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȣȝ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȊ
ȖȉȓȍȗȐȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȘȖȏȌȤȧ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȌȈȔșȒȐȝ ȉȓțȏ
Ǯȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȝȖȌȈ ǸțȒȈ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȣȟȈȋȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȓ ȋȘȍȉȕȣȔ șțȌȈȔ ȗȘȐșȚȣȓȐ ș ȕȍ-
ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ Ȓ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ǺȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȚȌțȊȈȓșȧ ȔȍȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȊȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
— ǶȚșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȝȊȖșȚȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ
ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ ǮȈȘȤ ȉȍȏ ȖȚșȍȟȒȐ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȒțȌȈ
ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ,
șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȕȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ ȜȐ-

ȋțȘț
— Ǫȣ ȚȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȈȧ ǴȈȓȖȔț ȕȍȉȖșȤ
Ȑ ȕȍ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȧȚ ș ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȑȌțȚ Ǩ țȎ ȍȎȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȠȈȕșȖȊ Ǩ-Ȉȝ Ƿ-ȗȖȌ-
ȓȈȧ
ǸțȒȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋ-
ȕțȓȈ ǹȈȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ
ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȊȣȘȖșȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǪȞȍȗȐȓșȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
Ȋ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ș ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȔ ț ȋȓȈȏ
— Ǩȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ!..
ȅȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȊȐȟ ǵȈ ȔȐȋ Ȗȕ ȖȚȖȘ-
ȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ Ȓ ȖȒțȓȧȘȈȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖ-
ȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȊȕȐȏț ȏȈȋȖȓȖșȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȍȍ ǴȈ-
ȝȈȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȍȓȍ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ șȐȓȐȓȈșȤ șȈȔȈ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ
ǰ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȖȑ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȊȠȈȧ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ǹȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȑ
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈ ȈȒțȓȣ ȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȖ
ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ Ȋ ȒȓȦȟȍ ȗȍȕȣ
ǺȖȓșȚȧȒ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȓ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȒȍ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȐȊȠȍȍșȧ șȚȈȊȠȍȍ ȐșșȐȕȧ-șȍȘȣȔ ȓȐȞȖ ǽȖȚȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȕȍȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ Ȑ șȚțȒȕțȓȈ
ǷȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȊ ǵȈȌȍȎȌț ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕț ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ȔȧȋȒȖ ȕȖ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȊȓȍȒ ȍȍ Ȓ șȝȖȌȕȧȔ ǹȒȈȏȈȓ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȕȧȕȤȒȐ ȉȖȧ-
ȡȍȑșȧ ȏȈ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉțȠȒȈ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ Ǫ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ Ȋȍȡȍȑ-
ș ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș ș ȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȜȍȑȒț ǵȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȤȚȍ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈșȕȖ Ǵȣ țȎ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ǻȠȓȐ ǹȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ

ǰș ǸȜȣȎțȜȐȟȘȖȗ
ǽǼǿǹǳǲǻȍȍ ǰǿȀǾǳȅǮ

140
I
ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ «ǫȍȖȘȋª șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȘșȍȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ Ǵȥȋ ǶȕȐ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȏȈȌȣȔȧȚ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ ȏȈșȍȘȍȦȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȣ ȌȖȔȖȊ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȌȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȑȝ ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȖȟțȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ
ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȘșȍȑ ȏȈȑȔȍȚșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ Ȉ
Ǵȥȋ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȌȍȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȞȍȑ Ȋ ǬȈȕȐȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ ȚȈȔ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ
ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ș Țȍȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȈ ȊȖȑȕț
ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ƕȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȖșȚȐȓ ț ȕȐȝ ȕȈ ȊȐȓȓȍ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ,
Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȟțȌȕțȦ Ȋȍșȕț Ȑ ȓȍȚȖ ǷȘȖȊȖȎȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȖȕȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ
ȚȖȔȧȚ ȍȍ Ƕȕ țȚȍȠȈȓ ȍȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȋȐȉȈȦȚ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȋȍȘȖȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȧ
— ǷȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȋȖȌ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȚ ȕȈș — ǰ
ȗȖȚȖȔ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȓ — ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉțȌț țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖȑ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ Ȉ ȋȍȘȖȑ
țȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȘȌȍȕȈȔȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Țȣ țȎȍ ș ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ șȔȖȎȍȠȤ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȔțȎ.
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȍȏȌ țȊȍȏȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ
ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȊșȓȍȌ țȉȍȋȈȦ-
ȡȍȔț ȊȌȈȓȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔț ȜȖȕȈȘȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȚȖșȒȓȐ-
Ȋȣȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ǰ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȗțșȚȧ ȗȖȓ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȌȊȍ-
ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ șȕȖȊȈ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȍȋȖ șȕȖȊȈ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș
ǴȍșȧȞ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȘ-
șȍȑ Ȋ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȍȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ Ȑ ȖȕȈ țȗȘȖ-

141
șȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǰȏ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ Ȋ ǬȈ-
ȕȐȦ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
©ǫȍȖȘȋª ȐȌȍȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȒȖȘȗțșȖȔ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȊȖȌț ȕȖ ȍȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ;
ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȖ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈ-
ȕȍ, ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȖȔȣșȓȈȔȐ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ — ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȍȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ șȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ
ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ȍȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ǫșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȋțȡȈȍȚșȧ ȚȤȔȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȣȔ
ȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȖȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȞȈȓȈ Ȋ ȧșȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ
ȊȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȚȈȓ șȊȍȎȍȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț Ǵȥȋ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȘșȍȑ, —
ȗȖȏȌȕȖ țȎȍ Ȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ șȊȍȎȖ
Ǵȥȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊ-
ȠțȦ ȌȈȓȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȈȧ ȍȡȍ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȠȓȈ ȏȈ ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț
II
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȒȈȒ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȓȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ țșȗȍȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȏȈ-
ȊȐșȚȤ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȎȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȡȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȈȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈȔ ȅȚȈ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ Ǫ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ
ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȞȈȘȐȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
Ȏȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒ ș ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȕȖ țȎȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ
Ȗ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ — ȏȓȖȉȈ Ȑ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖ
ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȔț ǨȕȋȓȐȧ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍțȧȏȊȐȔȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȘțȟȍȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȖȊ ș ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ ȐȌț-

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ȡȐȝ Ȑȏ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ Ȗȕ ș ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȋȏȧȓ-
șȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ǹ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȐȝ șț-
ȌȖȊ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȐșȒȖȗ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ
ȕȍ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȒȖ Ȍȕț. ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȕȍțȌȈȟ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓȐ ȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȖȧȕȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȔț Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȜț ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊ Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ Ȗ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ «ǳțȏȐȚȈȕȐȐ» Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȑ șȓȈȊȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȓ
ȗțșȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ țșȗȍȝȈ
ǪȣȍȏȎȈȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȓȐȊ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȐ
«ȇ ȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȒȈȒ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ
șȔȖȚȘȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȓȖȊțȟȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ǵȥȋ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǻșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ Ȑ
șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ©Ǻȣ șȒȖȘȖ țșȓȣȠȐȠȤ
ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ Ǵȥȋ».
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȔȐșȚȍȘȍ ǬȎȍȘșȍȍ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȏȈȊȐȌȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȕȖȍ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋșȍ
ȍȋȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐ-
ȊȈ șȣȋȘȈȓȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȘȖȓȍȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȐ Ȏȍ-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ Ǵȥȋ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ
ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǬȎȍȘșȍȧ, Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȖȌȧ Ȗȕ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȈȦȚ-
Ȓț ǯȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȗȐȓȐ ȟȈȑ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǷȖȒȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȌȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȈȎȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ — șȒȖȘȖ Ȑ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ

143
ǷȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȝ ǶȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ
— ǲȈȒ ȗțșȚȐȔ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒ ȚȈȒ ȧ Ȑ Ȋ
ȖȚȗțșȒ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȗȘȖȠțșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȐȓȖȑ — ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ — ȊȖȚ țȎ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȦșȤ
ȍȑ.
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ǫȍȘȚȍ ȗȖȍȌț — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȍȝȈ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȧșȤ Ȓ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
—ǨȊȣ"
— ǴȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȖȘȌȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
— ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ
— ǶȕȈ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ — Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ: — ǶȕȈ ȌȖȟȤ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒșȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȟȈ ǬȎȍȘșȍȧ.
ǵȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȈ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȖȉȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȐȒ, ȟțȚȤ țșȔȍȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ"
ǼȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȖ? ǷțșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȐșȗȣȚȈȦȚ șȐ-
ȓț ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ, ȒȈȒ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ ș Ǵȥȋ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȚȈȔ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ Ȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ
ǷȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ țȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȘȌȍȕȈȔȐ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȈȔ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ" ǲȈ-
ȒȖȊȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ"
— ǷȖșȓȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȜȓȖȚ ȧ ș ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȖȌȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȦȚț ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ǯȌȍșȤ
Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ Ǵȥȋ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȖȕȈ
țșȓȣȠȐȚ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȎȍȕȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȊȍȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȤȦ

144
ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǪșȚȈȊȈȑȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ, ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
Ȗȕ ǼȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȒȖȑȒȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȍȘȐ-
șȒȖȗț ǪȌȈȓȐ ȌȣȔȐȓ ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
«ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ
— ȋȍȘȖȑ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȣȔȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ
III
ǻȚȘȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧcȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȍȚȘȍȕȖȍ
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȍȕȧșȤ Ȑ ȉțȘȓȧ ȕȈșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȑ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ȉȘȣȏȋȈȔȐ
Ǵȥȋ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐ-
ȚțȦ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȋȖȓțȉțȦ ȌȈȓȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǬȎȍȘ-
șȍȦ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȍȕȐȝȍ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȗȕ șȕȐȓșȧ ȍȑ șȕȐȓșȧ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔ, ȕȍȎȕȣȔ..
— ǵț ȊȖȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ, — ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ
Țȣ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ"
ǷȖȚȖȔ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȋțȓȧȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒț ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ Ǫ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚȍ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȕȖ ȍȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ
ǶȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒț-
ȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȟțȎȌȖȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ...
ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȎțȚȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȕȈ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȧȓ
— ǬǳǰǵǵȃǱ ȗțȚȤ ǰ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ țȚȖȔȐȓȐ Țȍ-

145
ȉȧ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȕȐȚȤșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ șȕȣ
ǷȖȌ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȧșȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȞȈȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ, ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ șȕȈ
șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ Ȋ ǬȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ Ȗ
ȍȋȖ ȓȈșȒȈȝ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ
ȉȖȘȚț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȏȈșȚȣȓ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȗțșȚȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ
— ǴȐȕȈ..
ǵȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ǵȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȣȑ ȠțȔ Ȑ șțȍȚȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖ-
Ȍȍ
— ǴȐȕȈ ȔȐȕȈ... — ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǭȡȍ
șȍȒțȕȌȈ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ Ȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ
©ǫȍȖȘȋȈ» Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȗțșȚȧ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț «ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ șȔȍȘȚȤ"» — ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ǵȥȋ Ȑ țȎȈș
ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȌțȠț ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȔȖȏȋ
ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȒȖȘȖȔ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȐ ș ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ Ȗ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ, Ȗ Țȍȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȐ ȍȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǺȖȓȗȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȔȐȔȖ
ȕȍȍ Ȓ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȓȖȌȒȈȔ ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ
șȍȉȧ ȖȚȞȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȚȐșȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȊȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ țȊȓȍȒȈȍȔȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ
șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȖȎȍ Ȓ ȓȖȌȒȈȔ ǷȖșȓȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȈȊ-
ȒȐ ȍȑ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ
ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȖȚȗȓȣȓȈ ȖȚ ȚȖȕțȡȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȖȚ-
ȞȈ Ȑ țȎȈș Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȌțȠț ©Ƕ —
ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȍ șȗȈș ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ».

146
ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȕȈȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒț Ȑ, ȊȣșȖȒȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈ «ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ», — ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ǵȥȋ. ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ șȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȝȖ-
ȚȍȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ
ǶȟțȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȓȈ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ Ȑ
ȊȣȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȈȎȍȕȧȝ ȖȚ
șȍȉȧ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț ȕȍ
ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȗȓȖȚ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ, șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȕȈ
ȕȍȔ «ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț"»
— ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȍȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȍȑ Ȑ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȈȍȚ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȖȌȍȎȌț șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ «ȅȚȖ ȕȍȔ-
Ȟȣ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈ Ȑ șȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȓȦȌȐ — ȍȍ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ǵȖ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ
ȊȍȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȗȈșȓȐ ȍȍ ȔȐȘȕțȦ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȊȐȕȕțȦ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȒț ǪȍȌȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȍȊ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ
șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦȚ ȍȍ ǰ, ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȧșȤ
Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȐȓ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȣȓȈ Ȑ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǪȖȚ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ȓȐȞȖ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ. ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȖȕȈ țȏȕȈȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ǹȚȖȕ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ȋȣ-
ȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
IV
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȕȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȚȖȕțȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȏȈȌȖȘ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȌțȠț ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚȤ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȐȒ ǮțȚȒȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
Țȣșȧȟ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȕȖ ȥȚȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤșȧ

147
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȋȘȍȔȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖșȚȐȋ
șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȏȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔȐ șțȌȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȖ șțȌȤȉȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȔț ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȒȖ Ȍȕț. ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎ-
Ȍȍȕ Ƕȕ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ șțȌȍȕȣ-
ȠȒȖ Ȉ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȖȒȍȈȕ-
șȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ țȎȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈ-
ȌȈ ȐȡȍȚ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ Ǵȥȋ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Țț ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȍȍ ȌțȠț ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȚ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǲȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȐ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ
ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖȌȖȒ ȗȖȌȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȗȣ-
ȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȢȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȚȖȕțȡȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǪȖȚ ȖȌȕȈ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖ-
Ȍț. ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȈȘȈȝȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ, ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȗȖ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǪȖȚ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȕȖ ȕȍȚ, ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȧșȕȖ Ȑ
ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȍȔț, ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ...
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȉȐȚȤșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ
țȌȈȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȔț șȚȈȓȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ... ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȖȓȕȈ
ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ, ȒȈȒ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ țȎȈș ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț — ȥȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ..
— ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒ. — ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ șȘȈȏț ȚȈȒ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȠȈ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȜȖȕ
ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
— Ǫȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ.
— ǬȈȊȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȊȏȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ
ȍȝȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȍȑ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ

148
ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ"
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȈȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȈȧ
țșȔȍȠȒȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȈȔ
— Ǫșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȋ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ.
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐ-
ȓȖșȤ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ, — ȍȑ ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ǭȊ-
ȘȖȗț ȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ țȊȍȌȖȔȐȓȈ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȌȖȝȖ-
ȌȧȚ ȌȖ ȊȈș — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
ǼȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ Ǵȥȋ ȕȐ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȕȐ ș șȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-ǱȖȘȒȍ Ȋ țȦȚȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȜȖȘ-
ȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȈ ȕȍ țȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ «ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȠȓȦ ȍȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȋ ǵȤȦ-ǱȖȘȒ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȋ ǵȤȦ-ǱȖȘȒ
Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȟȐșȓȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȝ ȕȈ
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ «ǫȍȖȘȋ» ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖ-
ȕȍȘ ǬȎȍȘșȍȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȤ
«ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ
Ǵȥȋ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ
V
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕyȊ
șȊȖȦ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ
ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ șțȌȕȍ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ
ǭȔț ȕȍ șȗȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȘ-
Ȕȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȑ
ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣ ǶȉȘȈȏ Ǵȥȋ țȎȍ ȗȖ-
ȚțșȒȕȍȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȑ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖ Ȑ șțȓȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȔț ȉȍșȗȍȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȖ-
ȕȣ

ǵȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ țȚȍȠȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ «ǫȍȖȘȋȈ» Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȊșȧȒȈȧ șȈȔȈȧ ȉȖȋȈȚȈȧ ȕȍȔȒȈ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȔțȎ ǰ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȘȈȏ Ǵȥȋ Ȋșȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚțșȒȕȍȍȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȓțȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
țȎȍ ȕȐȏȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣȔ Ȑ șȊȍ-
ȎȐȔ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ ȗȓȣȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șțȌȕț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚ ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȘțȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
«ǲȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȐȞȈ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ șȗțșȚȧ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȠȍȑ Ȓ
șțȌȕț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȍȔț ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȈșȤ Ǵȥȋ «ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖ-
Ȕț ȉȖȘȚț șțȌȕȈ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȚȘțȗ ȒȈȟȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ
ȎțȚȒȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȓȍȒȖȔȣȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȋȐȉȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȊȍșȐȍ țȗȈȓ ș ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ Ȋȣȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȟȚȖ șțȌȕȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȓȣȓ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔ, ȊȏȣȊȈȧ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ, ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ țȌȈȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǰ
ȗȖȕȧȊ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȋȐȉȕțȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȓȐȊȠȐȝ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ș «ǫȍȖȘȋȈ» țȔȖȓȧȊȠțȦ Ȗ
șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ Ǵȥȋ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȠțȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț, ȚȈȒ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȟȍȔ-
ȚȖ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȖȊȍȧȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȧȡȐȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȔ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ, Ȗȝ-
ȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ȚȘțȗ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ ȜȖȕ ǫȖȓȤȉȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ.
ǳȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȖșȚȍȒȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈș-
Țȣȓ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ țȎȈș

ǹȓȐ ǻȖȘȡșȖț
ǶǵǺǳǻǻǶǸ
ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ

151
ǷȘȐȕȞ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ǷȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȞ ǳȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ǩȈȊȈȘșȒȐȑ Ȑ
ȕȍȒȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȋȘȈȜȖȔ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȓțȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȒȘȍșȓȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈȊȒȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ț ȘȍȒȐ ȅȕ ǷȘȖȕȐȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ șȚțȟȈȓ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ȊȐȕȖȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȀȈȔȗȈȕȤȍ ȅȚȖȔț ȌȖȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȦ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȚȘȍȝ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ Ȋ ȌȕȐ ȚȐȚȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȅȕ ǫȘȈȜ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕ șȐȌȍȓ ț ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ǪșȗȣȝȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ țȋȓȐ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȈȒ-
ȚȍȘșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȏȈȟȍșȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȊȍȘȝț țșȣ Ȑ șȖȋȕțȚțȦ Șț-
Ȓț ȗțȋȈȊȠțȦ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ șȗȖȓȏ-
ȠțȦ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤșȒțȦ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȧȡȐȔ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǰȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȚȈȒȐ Ȓ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ
ǷȘȐȕȞ ǳȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ"
— ǺȈȒ, ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȝ
— ǮȍȘȚȊȣ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ" ǷȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȦ Țȍȉȍ ȐȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȐȓȐ
ǬȊȍȘȤ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȗȘȧȔȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚȈ
ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȟ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Exzellenz!
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǵȈȠȐ țȓȈȕȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
— ǲȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ
— ǵȖ ȊȈȠȍ Ȋȍȓ ȕȖ exzellenz! ȅȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ Ǵȣ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ
ȏȕȈȍȔ
ǫȘȈȜ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ȀȗȐȖȕ
— ǵȍȚ, exzellenz... Ƕȕ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȍȞ Ƕȕ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ǫȍȘȔȈ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ șȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ
ǺȧȎȍȓȖ ȉȘȧȞȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȒȖȓȍȕț ȋȘȈȜȈ ȒȈ-
ȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȈȧ șȈȉȓȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȘȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȔ ș ȐȏȔȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ
ǨȌȢȦȚȈȕȚ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǬȈ. ǪȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ

152
ǷȘȐȕȞ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȘȍȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǬȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȜ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȒȈȧȓșȧ Ȑ
șȒȈȎȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ
ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȋȘȈȜ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ șȦȌȈ
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǲȖȓȍȉȈȓȖșȤ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȞ
ǳȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— Ƕȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ
ǷȖȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǺȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȠȗȖȘ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȐ
ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȔȈ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ, ȕȍ-
țȒȓȦȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ.
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȋȘțșȚ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȘțșȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ
ȔțȕȌȐȘȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐșȚȈ ǭȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ șȚȈȓ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ
ǫȘȈȜ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȈȔ
— ǻȝȖȌȐȚȍ
ǷȘȐȕȞȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȌȐȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȖ ȋȘȈȜ
ǫȘȈȜ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ:
— ǽȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȉȣ ȘțȒț ȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȧ
ǷȓȍȕȕȐȒ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǲȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ" ǪȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ" Ǫȣ ȕȍȔȍȞ"
ǷȓȍȕȕȐȒ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȘȧȌ ȖȚȘȣ-
ȊȐșȚȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ȇ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǬȦșșȍȓȤȌȖȘȜȍ ȇ șȣȕ ȒțȗȞȈ ȇ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
ǸȍȏȒȖ șȚțȒȕțȓȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖȎȕȣ ȠȗȈȋȐ
— ǰȏȔȍȕȕȐȒ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȔȞȍȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋȣ ȐȏȋȕȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
— ǳȎȍȚȍ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ țȟȍȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȎȐȊțȚ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈȝ"
ǷȓȍȕȕȐȒ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ
ǫȘȈȜ ȒȘțȚȖ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț

— ǪȈș ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ!..
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ...
ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ
ǷȘȐȕȞ ǳȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ
— Ƕȕ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ǫȘȈȜ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ"
— ȇ șȒȈȎț ȍȋȖ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȏȕȤȦ ǰ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ, ȕȍ ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǵȈ ȥȚȖ ȧ șȔȍȦ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ
ǯȈȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
ǫȘȈȜ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚț Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǸȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȏȕȤȦ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒț
— ǬȈ ǪȖȚ ȍȡȍ ǯȈȊȧȎȐȚȍ ȍȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǫȘȈȜ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȔȐȕț Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓȐ ȠȈȋȐ
ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȠȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȚȐȝȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȞ
ǫȍȕȘȐȝ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȐȝȖ ǺȘȍȡȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȔȐȕȍ ȌȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȘțȎȍȑȕȣȑ ȏȈȓȗ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȗȘȖȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȠȗȖȘȣ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ, ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ǭȋȖ ȐȔȧ"
— ǨȕȘȐ Ǩȑȕȍ ǪȍȘȕȍȍ, ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ǫȍȑȕȍ, ȊȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǩȣȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȘțȟȒȐ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ț ȒȈȔȐ-
ȕȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȋȘȈȜ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚț Ȑ ȚȐ-
ȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Feuer!..
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ǵȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌȈ

ǹȓȐ ǱȡȚȖșȓȐȟȘȖȗ
ǰ ǹǳǿǮȃ ǽǼǹǳǿȊȍ

155
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȜȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ șțȚțȓȖ-
ȊȈȚȣȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ș ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȗȘȣȡȍȊȈȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋȍȓ șȊȖȦ
ȘȖȚț ȗȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȓȍșȈ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȧșȤ ȖȉȖȑȚȐ
ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȒ ȈȚȈȒȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ
ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȔ ȓȍșț ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ
ȍȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȍȚȈȓȖ ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȠȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ ȠțȔȍȚȤ,
ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ Ƕȕ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ
ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ ȚȖ Ȑ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȓȣșȚ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȘțȒȍ
— ǳțȟȠȐȑ șȗȖșȖȉ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȠ-
ȕȣȔ — ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȝȓȣșȚ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȘȖȚȣ Ƞȍȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ȝțȌȖȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȋ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȝ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ Ȑ șțȔȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȣȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȝȓȖȉțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈșȒȖȑ
ǼȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋț ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚ
— ǫȍȑ ǲȘȈȞȍȘ ȟȚȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȊȐȌ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȍȔț —
ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȐȌȍȠȤ ǶȚșȚȈȚȤ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ șȒȖȚȐȕȈ"
ǲȘȈȞȍȘ Ƞȍȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȖȓȖȟȈ ȕȖȋȐ
ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȏȈȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ƕȕ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ
ȕȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
— ǺȘțȚ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ. ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ
— ǴȖȓȟȈȚȤ — ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȍȋȕțȓ ȝȓȣș-
ȚȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȖȉȖȋȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǻ ǲȘȈȞȍȘȈ ȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȖșȚȘȈȧ ȧȘ-
ȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
«ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐ ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȗțȓȧ Ȋ Țȍȉȧ», — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ
șȎȈȓ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǼȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȘȖȚț Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ
șȉȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǪȌȘțȋ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȍșȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȠțȔ ǼȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȘȖ-
Țț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȎȌȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ
ǮȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȀȚțȒ ș șȖȘȖȒ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȏțȉ-

156
ȘȖȊ ȘȈșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ǩȍȓȖȊȍȎșȒȖȑ ȗțȡȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȠȓȐ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȕȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ǼȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ
— ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȓȐ
Ƕȕ șȈȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȧșȤ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ ȘȈș-
ȗțȋȈȚȤ șȚȈȌȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ, ȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ǵȈ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȏțȉȘȣ ȖȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȘțȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȊȐȘȍȗȍȧ ȠȈȋȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕ-
ȚȖȔ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȧșȤ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǹȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ țȒ-
ȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ș ȊșȒȓȖȒȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȤȦ,
ȕȈȓȐȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǪȐȌ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȎȈșȍȕ
— ǸȍȉȧȚȈ Ȋ ȠȚȣȒȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȘȧȌȖȊ șȖȓȌȈȚ șȈȔ ȒȐȕțȓșȧ
ȚțȌȈ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȠȗȈȋȖȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȚȤ Ȑ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚǵȖ ȠȚȣȒȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖȕȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȠȒțȘȣ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ǯțȉȘȣ ȓȖȔȈȓȐ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ȔȧȓȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȐȓȐșȤ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȘȖȚț
ǰ ȍȌȊȈ țȎȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȘȧȌȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȚȤ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ șȍȉȧ șȔȧ-
Țȣȝ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ țȔȐȘȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ
șȊȐȘȍȗȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ
ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȓ
ș ȋȖȘșȚȒȖȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏțȉȘȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȋȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȓȍ-
șȈ Ȓ ȉȖȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȚȘȧșȐȕȍ, ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ
ǶȚșȚțȗȈȧ ȜȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȊȧȏȕȍȚ ȕȖȋȈ ǵȖ ȊȣȉȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǯțȉȘȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȚȍșȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȦȌȈ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȕȖ, ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ȚȘȧșȐȕț ǼȖȕ ǺȘȈțȘȐȋ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ
ǰȏ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȋșȍ țșȗȍȓȐ
șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȓȍșț

157
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȎȈȓ ȒțȓȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȏȈȌȐ
ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏțȉȘȣ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȗȖ-
ȝȘȈȗȣȊȈȕȤȍ Ȑȝ ȒȖȗȣȚ
Ǩ ȕȖȋȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ ȊȧȏȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȎȍ
Ƕȕ Ȕȍȕȧȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȐȌȚȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȋȧȏ Ȋșȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ǻȎȈșȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȖșȚȘȖ
ȒȈȒ ȕȖȎ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȎȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖșȒȖȦ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȦ
ǽȘȐȗȓȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȧ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ ȚȘȐ-
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȈȎȍȕȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȐȌȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ șțȝȖȑ Ȑ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȠȓȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȚȘȈȊȣ ǳȍȑ-
ȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȚțȌȈ șȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ
ǵȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ șȚțȗȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȑ
ȚȘȈȊȣ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȈ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȎȐȌȒțȦ ȋȘȧȏȤ,
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ șȌȈȊȐȊȠțȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ
ǿȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȚȍȔ ȋȓțȉȎȍ țȚȖȗȈȓ
ȔȈȝȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȞȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ ȥȚț Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕțȦ ȚȖȗȤ ȋțȉȐȊ-
ȠțȦ ȍȋȖ ǻ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȦ ȉȖȓȤȦ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȘ-
ȕȐ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȖȚ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ ǹțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȘȐȔȈ-
șȈȔȐ țȎȈșȈ ȐșȒȈȎȈȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȖȕȣ ș
ȝȘȐȗȖȔ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ țȎȍ ȚȖȟȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
Ǫ ȔțȚȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȔȖȏȋț ȍȡȍ ȚȓȍȓȈ ȐșȒȘȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ
— ǲȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ǩȘȖșȐȚ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șț-
ȟȖȒ
ǰ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȚȤ șȐȓȣ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ șȚȖȕȈȓ Ȑ ȏȊȈȓ
ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
— ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ
ǫȘȧȏȤ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ țȎȍ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȟ șȌȈȊȓȐȊȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ ȌțȠȈ ȋț-
șȚȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȋȕȐȓȐ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȐ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ǵȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ Ȑ ǪșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȠȈȋȐ ǲȘȈ-
ȞȍȘȈ ȉȓțȎȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȓȍșț ȕȈ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ șȚȖȕȣ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǲȘȈȞȍȘ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȖ țȎȈșȖȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȖ ǵȖ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ; Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ
ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ

— ȅȑ ǲȘȈȞȍȘ ȉȘȖșȤ șȦȌȈ șțȟȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț
ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
ǲȘȈȞȍȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ șȍȓ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ǰ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȗȖȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ" Ƕ,
ȕȍȚǫȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȊȍȘȌ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȐȓ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȓ ǲȘȈȞȍȘȈ ȚȖ șȖ
șȚȖȕȈȔȐ țȋȘȖȏ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȑ ȚȖ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȤȉȣ Ȑ țȕȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ Ǩ ȓȐȗȒȈȧ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȍȔț țȎ ȌȖ ȠȍȐ ǩȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ șȎȈȚȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǲȘȈȞȍȘ șȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ
Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ șțȌȤȧ ȗȘȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȐ ȈȒȚȈ ȗȘȈȊȖșțȌȐȧ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
ǭȔț ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț
— ǳȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ" ǪȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț Ȍȓȧ
ȊȈș șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ"
ǷȖȚțȝȈȦȡȍȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȈ ȧȘȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ — ǲȘȈȞȍȘ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȣȔ ȘȈȏȖȠȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȟȕȐȒ ȒȈșȒȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ

ǹȓȐ ǱȡȚȖșȓȐȟȘȖȗ
ǯǾǳǲ

160
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȍȚ șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȎȐȊȍȚ ǸȈȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȣ ǵȖ ȌȊȈ
Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȥȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ǵȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȍȡȍ șȚȘȖȎȍ ȒȈȟȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȑ ȒȖȑȒȍ:
— Ǫȣ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȔȐȒșȚțȘț ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ
ǶȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǷȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ
ȕȈȌ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȌțȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȌȐ-
ȕȈȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȑȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ǴȖȓȟȈ șȚȈȓȈ
ȘȧȌȖȔ șȍșȚȘȈ
ǺȧȎȍȓȖ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ ȒȖȑȒȈ șȏȈȌȐ
— ǹȍșȚȘȐȞȈ ȇ ȧ
ǶȕȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ǺȖȚ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȎȐȔȈȧ
șșȖȝȠȐȍșȧ ȋțȉȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ Ȋ șțȝȖȔ ȘȚț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȌȍ-
ȘȍȊȍȕȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȍ ȧȏȣȒ ǵȖ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ șțȔȍȓ
ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ǹȍșȚȘȐȞȈ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ǶȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȧ
ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȘțȒ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ȘȈș șȓȣȠȈȚȤ
— ǵȍ ȊȣȎȐȊț Ǩ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȇ ȝȖȟț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǽȖȟț
ǺȖȋȌȈ țȔȘț ȇ șȒȈȎț șȒȈȎț
ǵȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȐȓ Ȑ țȔȖȓȒ ȊȗȈ-
ȌȈȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȖ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȦ Ȑ
șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ
Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȍ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
ǰ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍșȚȘȍ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȒȘȐȏȐș ț ȕȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ǰ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ǲȈȒ
ǴȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖșȈȌțȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȝȖ-
Ȍȍ, Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— Ǫȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȈ...
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
ǩȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȘȈȏȖȔȒȕțȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȋțȉȣ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȍȌ-

161
ȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȊȠȍȔșȧ Ȑȏ șȖȚȕȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȚȈȒȐȝ
Ȏȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȗȖ-
ȌțȠȒȈȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ ȒȖȍȒ ǫȘȐȔȈșȈ ȉȖȓȐ ȐșȒȈȎȈȊȠȈȧ țȋ-
ȓȣ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȕȍȔȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȖșȧȏȈȕȐȐ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȋȖ, ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ
Ǩ ȖȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȔțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ șȔțȚȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ ȚȖȓȒȈȓ
ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ Ȑ Țȍȓȍșȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ, ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȧșȕȖ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȍȏȊȣȔ ȘȈșșțȌȒȖȔ ȏȈȌțȠȐȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȑ-
ȚȐ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȈ ǰ ȔțȟȐ-
ȓȈșȤ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȧ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȍȔț ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ
Ǩ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ǯȈșȚȖȕȈȓ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȘȍ-
ȌȐȓ
— ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǵȍ ȊȣȎȐȊț ȧ ǻȔȘț ǶȗȧȚȤ
țȔȘț ǩȣȓ țȎ ȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ǰ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓ ǻ ǫȖș-
ȗȖȌȈ ȌțȠȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ
ǰ țȓȣȉȕțȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȖșȤ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȚȖȟȕȖ ȎȌȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ǰ șȍșȚȘȈ
șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ?
ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǰ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȕȧȓ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ, șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ Ǩ Țȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȤ ǷȖȊȍȘȤ Ǩ ȊȖȚ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȐȊȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț șȐȓȣ ǰ
țȌȐȊȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ șȊȧȏȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ
ȉȘȍȌ Ǩ Ȗȕ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ:
— ǷȖȠȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ ǰ Ƞȍȓ țȎ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȖȑ
Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȌțȔȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ
ȟȍȘȍȌȈ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ǰ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ ȠȈȋț ȌȖȓȉȈȕțȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȋȘțȌȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȀȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȧ ȗȖȔ-

162
ȕȦ ǷȖȔȕȦ ȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȏȈ
ȚȍȓȖ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȈșȤ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ǹ ȕȖȟȐ
ȌȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ, șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ǩ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ Ȑ
șȊȖȓȖȒȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȒț ǬțȠȍȕȤȒȈ-ȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ǩ
ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȗȘȐșȣȗȈȚȤ, țȟțȧȓ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȈ Ȑȏ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȊȣȠȓȈ ǰ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȐ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ǰ ȗȖ-
ȗȓȣȓ ȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ
ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȚ ǰ ȖȉȓȐȒȐ ț ȕȐȝ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȌȣȔ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ǰ șȚȘȍȔȧȚșȧ, ȊȐȎț ȧ, Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǺțȚ ȧ Ȑ Țȍȝ
țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȏȈșȣȗȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȐȔ
ȏȈșȣȗȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ǵȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌ ȐȝȕȐȑ ȕȈȠȐ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ
ȖȚ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȐȝ-
ȘȍȔ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ǰ ȗȖȕȍș-
ȓȐ.ǵȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ Ȑ
ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȐȝȖ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȐȌȍȚ ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖșȒȈȎț
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȑȒȍ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈ-
ȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț.
— ǩȘȍȌȐȚ ȅȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ, ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȘȈȊȕȖ-
ȌțȠȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ.
— ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ
ȉȘȍȌ
— ǩȣȊȈȍȚ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǳȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ǶȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȍȓȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǺȖȚ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ
ȗȖȒȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ, Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȐȝȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ
— ǰ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ǿțȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠț Ȑ
ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȦ ȅȚȖ ȊȖȚ, ȔȖȓ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ" ǵȍ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ" ǶȕȐ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ǹȘȖȒ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ ȌțȠȍ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ Ȍȕȍȑ Ǩ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎ ȕȈ ǹțȌ ǩȖ-
ȎȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȔșȧ Ȕȣ Ǩ ȉȣȓ ȧ, șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ, ȕȍȊȍȘțȦȡȐȔ
ǰ Ȋ ȌțȠț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȍȘȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ǹȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȘȐ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ șȓțȎȐȓ ȧ ȊșȍȔț ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ǷȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȧ ȐȔ

ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȈȔ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȖȑ Ǩ ȚțȚ
Ȑ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ, ȔȖȓ, șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ
șȔȍȘȚțȠȒȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȖȕ, ȔȖȓ, ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ
ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȚȤ ǰ ȟțȦ ȖȚȊȍȚ Ȑȝ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȔȖȓ, Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȚțȎȐȔ Ǩ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȕȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ǨȕȋȍȓȖȔ ȖȚ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ
ȥȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȑ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȘȈȊȕȧȍȚ ȟȐșȓȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȌțȠ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ș ȟȐșȓȖȔ ǨȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐȝ șȐȓ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
țȟțȧȓ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȐȧȕȐȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȔȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȐȏȘȍȒ Ȕȕȍ ȍșȚȤ șȐȧ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ țȘȈȊ-
ȕȧȊȠȈȧ ȟȐșȓȖ ȌțȠ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ, ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ, ȌȖ
ȟȐșȓȈ șȐȓ ǨȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ǰȌȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
ȒȖȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ Ȗ șȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐșȤ
ǰ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȍȘșȚȖȔ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰ ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ
ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȧȓ ȧ, ȒȈȒ șȊȖȓȖȒȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ȑ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐ ȌȖ-
șȦȌȖȊȈ ǰ Țȍȉȧ, șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ, ȧ ȗȍȘȊțȦ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ Ǩ Țȣ ȊșȍȔ șȒȈȎȐ ǳȍȋȒȈ șȔȍȘȚțȠȒȈ ȓȍȋȒȈ ǷȖȚȖȔț
ȌțȠȍȕȤȒȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȖȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȐșȒȈȎȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȦ ȉȖȓȐ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ
Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ șȚȘțȍȑ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȈ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȧȘȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȟȍȚȒȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȘȚȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȍȕȍ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș ȖȉȝȖȌȈ, ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȗȣȚȕȈȋȖ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȋ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȍșȚȘț ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț, ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— Ǫȣ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ǰȌȐȚȍ ȐȌȐȚȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ǵȍ ȝȖ-
ȟț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ șȔȍȕȐȓȐ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȍ ǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ǽȖȚȧ, Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȘȈȕȈ ǲȘȖȊȖȐȏȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǶȚȌȖȝȕțȊȠțȦ șȍșȚȘț țȚȘȖȔ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ țȉȍȌȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȈ-
ȕȍȕȣȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ țȊȍȘȧȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȘȍȌ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȘȍȌ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȘȍȌ

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ ǱȞȖț
ǴǳǹǳǵǻǮȍ ǽȀǶȄǮ

165
I
ǭȓȍȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ ȍȓȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ
ȔțȎ ǭȓȍȕȣ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȣ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ǲȈȘșȒȐȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȑ ȋȖȓțȉȐȕȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
— ȇ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ǲȖȓȧ ȟȚȖ Țȣ"
— ǬȈ ǳȍȕȈ ǵȍȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȖȗȓȖȠȕȖșȚȤ ȇ
ȗțșȚȐȓ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȈ ǹȕȍȎȒȈ ș ȊȈȎȕȖȑ ȌȍȗȍȠȍȑ Ȋ N., Ȉ
ȊȖȚ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȦȡȈȧ ȟȚȖ N ȊȟȍȘȈ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ
ǬȍȗȍȠȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ț ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
— ȀȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ"!
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȍ ȧ ȗȐșȈȓ ȍȍ
— ǲȖȓȧ Țȣ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ N.
— ǻȊȣ ȇ ȗȖ ȖȗȓȖȠȕȖșȚȐ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓțȉȧ Ȉ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȔ ȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
— ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȌț ǲȖȓȧ Ǻȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ ǲȈȘșȒȈȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎțȦ Ȉ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȔ ȉȍȏ Ƞȓȧȗȣ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȏȈ ȏȈȌȊȖȘȒȐ ȋȌȍ Ȋ
șȈȘȈȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȍȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȎȍȔ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǲȈȘșȒȈȧ țȊȓȍȒȈȓȈșȤ ȈȊȐȈ-
ȞȐȍȑ Ȑ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȧȝ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȈ ȕȐ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȋȕȈȚȤ ǹȕȍȎȒȈ — ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ
II
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ș ȔțȎȍȔ —  ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ —  ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȤ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕțȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȖ
ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ —  ȔȐȕțȚ ǹȟȐȚȈȧ ȟȚȖ ǹȕȍȎȖȒ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ ȏȈ  ȔȐ-
ȕțȚ ȌȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ ǲȈȘșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ — ǭȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ -
25 ȔȐȕțȚ ǫȖȓțȉȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȍȘșȚ
Ȋ ȟȈș ǶȕȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ

ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǹȕȍȎȖȒ ȉȣȓ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȍȘșȚ ȕȈ - Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ ǲȈȘșȒȖȑ ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȌȖ  ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș
ǭȓȍȕȈ ȊȣȘȖȊȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ  șȈȎȍȕȍȑ — ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ Ȋȣ-
șȖȚȍ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȝ ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȊ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȊȖȊșȦ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȊȖ
ȚȤȔȍ Ȓ N. ǲȖȔȗȈș ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȍȑ ȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǹȕȍȎȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȘțȟȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȍȞ ǭȓȍȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȊȣțȟȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȣȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ șȊȐșȚȒȈ — ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚțȦ ȚȘȍȓȤ ș
ȗȈțȏȈȔȐ ǳȍȚȧ șȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ - ȊȍȘșȚ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȈȔ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȐșȚȖȒ ȉȣȓ țșȓȣȠȈȕ ȗȚȐ-
Ȟȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȈ șȐȋȕȈȓ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȍȍ șȟȈșȚȤȦ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ șȊȐșȚȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ ǩȍcșȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ.
III
ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǲȈȘșȒȐȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȐȝȖ
ȋȖȘȧȡȍȑ ȍȓȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓȐ ȒțȌȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ǲȈȘ-
șȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȧ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȏ-
ȕȤȦ ǫȌȍ ȎȍȕȈ" ǭȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȠȓȧȗȈ ȊȐșȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȍ ȒȓȍȐȓșȧ ǪȌȘțȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ǹȕȍȎȖȒ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȤ ȚȈȒ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖȘȝ-
ȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǪȖȠȓȈ țșȚȈȓȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȊȖȧ ȌȍȗȍȠȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȔțȎț — ǹȕȍȎȖȒ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ Ȋ N. ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȖȑ
ȗȖȌ ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ
ǲȈȘșȒȐȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ ǱȞȖț
382

168
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓșȧ
— ǮȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ǵȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖ șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȍȔ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ǪȖȚ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȋȖȌ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓț-
ȚȐȓȈ ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ǵȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȧȡȐȒ ǴțȔȈ Ȑ ǷȖȔȘȐ ȉȣȓ
ȊȣȓȐȚ ȕȈ ȈȓȚȈȘȤ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȕȈș ȉȣȓ Ȑ ǲȘȖȕșȒȐȑ Ȋȣ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕț ©ǯȈȉȣȚȣȍª ǪȖȚ ȗȘȖ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȧ Ȑ ȝȖȟț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ.
ǪȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȗȕ ȝȈȕȌȘȐȓ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȓ ȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȓȈȋȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȊ-
ȓȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȘȈșȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȚȤșȧ ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȞȣȋȈȕ ǶȕȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ǹȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ
ǲȘȖȕșȒȐȑ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ țȋȓț ȕȈ ȗțȜȍ Ȑ Țȧȕțȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ǴțȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ
ǲ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌșȍȓȈ ȞȣȋȈȕȒȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌ ȒȓȐȟȒȖȑ ©ǵȦª
ǶȕȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȞȣȋȈȕȒȈ
ȊȏȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈ ©ǯȕȈȍȠȤ — ȚȊȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ  Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ª «ǷȖȟȍȔț
ȕȍ " — ȊȧȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǲȘȖȕșȒȐȑ. — ǰ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ “ȞȐȜȘȖȊȣȍ
ȌȈȕȕȣȍ"».
— ǻȝȖȌȐ, — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȑ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ
ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— ǬțȘȈ, — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǷȘȖȘȖȟȐȞȈ Ȑȏ «ȇȘȈª
— ǿȚȖ Ǻȃ ȝȈȕȌȘȐȠȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ
— ǹȒțȟȕȖ ȌȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȧ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȕȍțȌȈȟȈ"
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ ș ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ" ǵȍȚ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ  Țȣșȧȟ ȈȊȈȕ-
șȖȔ ȌȈ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ? ǷȘȖȗȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȏȌȍșȤ" ǬȈ"
— ǻȌȐȊȓȧȦșȤ Țȣ — ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȟȒț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ:
— 382 — șțȔȔȈ ȞȐȜȘ 
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑȏ
ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȚțȗȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌț ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ
ȖȚȊȍȚȈ

169
ǲȘȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȊȖ
ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ,
ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ ȘțȒȐ ȇ ȒȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȎț ȍȋȖ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȜȐȋț-
Șț ș ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠț ȠȍȗȖȚ «ȅȚȖ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ»
Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ
ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
Ǫ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘșȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ©ǵȦª  Șțȉȓȧ ©ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȒȈȏȈȕȤȍª
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȖȚ ǲȘȖȕșȒȖȋȖ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȈȘșȖȕț ȖȠȍȓȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȡȍȌȘȣȔ ©ȟȈȍȔª
— ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț, — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȕȕȍ.
—  Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȊșȍȋȖ  șȓȖȊ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ , șțȔȔȈ ȞȐȜȘ
«ȇ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ ǴțȎ țȔȍȘ ǮȌț ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ǴȈȘ-
șȍȓȤ  ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ǴȈȘȐȧ ǫȖȘșȒȈȧ».
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ǩ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ  șȓȖȊ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȧ
— ǬȈ,  Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȧ  ȓȍȚ ȎȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȖȊȈ ȇ ȝȖȓȖ-
șȚȖȑ ȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Țȣ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ©ǯȈȉȣ-
Țȣȍª ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ, ȀȈțș — ȥȚȖ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞț — ȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ ȇ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȓȍȕȤ Ȑ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȈȓ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ
— ȌȈȎȍ șȓȈȊȣ
Ǫȣ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț
Ȗȕ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȏȈȗȈșȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋșȓțȝ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȡȐȒȈ ȇ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ
«. . . . . . . Ȉ ȉȈȘȐȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ
ǵȈȠȍȓ ȧ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȓȍșȒȈ ȕȈ ȍȔ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȘȣȏ ȍȔț ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȉ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ — ȕȈȠȐ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȒȕț-
ȓȐ ǺȈȒ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍȘȓȐ ȖȉȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ǩȈȘȐȕȈ Ȋȍȏț ȌȖȔȖȑ ȉȖȓȤ-

ȕȖ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȉ ȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȕȣ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȞȐȜȘȈ  ȗȖȓȒ Ȑȝ ȐȓȐ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȧ ǲȈșȒț ȚȖȎȍ
Ȋȍȏț Ȑ șȈȉȓȦ»
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȦșȚȘȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ

ǲ’ǮșȪȑ
ȅǳǾǻǮȍ ǺǮǿǸǮ

172
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ -ȋȖ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȕțȕ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ șȈȔȈȧ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȉȖȍ-
ȊȖȔ țȟȈșȚȒȍ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȈ
Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ
Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȏȧȚȖȔ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȖȔ ȖȒȖȗȍ
șȒȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȤ
ǪȍșȚȖȊȣȍ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȌȘȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȈȒȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȒȘȈșȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȚȤ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ
ǽȖȚȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȋȘȍȚȣȝ șȣȘȣȝ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȧȕȣȝ șȚȍȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȉȈȕȕȣȑ țȋȈȘ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȡȍȓȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȓȒȈ ȒȈȗȈȓȈ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȟȈșȚȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȊȖȌȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ Ȋ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ
«ǲȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ» ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȚȍȕȧȓȈșȤ
ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȈ ȉȍȠȍȕȈȧ ȊȤȦȋȈ ȏȈșȣȗȈȧ șțȝȐȔ
ȒȖȓȦȟȐȔ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȖȒȖȗȣ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȚȘȍȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǹ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ țȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ȉ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȒț ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȖ țȌȊȖȐȚȤ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȈȊ-
șȚȘȐȑȞȣ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȔ
ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ ȈȚȈȒȐ
ǵȖ ș ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȣ țȟȈșȚȐȓȐ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕțȦ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȚȤ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈȒȍȚȣ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȖȗȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȋșȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȉȈȚȈ-
ȓȤȖȕȕȖȔț
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȚȖȊȖȑ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȓ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȐ ȏȈ ȕȖȊȖȑ
ȖȝȈȗȒȖȑ ȌȘȖȊ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ ȈȊșȚȘȐȧȒ șȊȍȚȐȚ"
ǰ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȊȍȚȐȚ ǪȈȠȊȣșȒȘȖȌȤ

173
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ țȎȐȕ șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȉȈ-
șȣ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȖȋȖ șȣȘȈ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȋȖ șȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȕȟȍȕ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȘȈȏȊȈ-
ȓȧșȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȖȔȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȍȟȐ ȗȐȓȐ ȟȈȑ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȒȈȓȐȉȍȘȕȣȝ ȥȔȈȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȘțȎȍȒ ǰ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ
ȟȈȑ Ȉ ș ȒȖȕȤȧȒȖȔ Ȑȏ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȉțȚȣȓȖȟȒȐ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ șȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȍȔȖȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȓț-
ȟȈȧǪȍȓȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
«ȌȖȔ» Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȈ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘșȒȖȔ
șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȅȚȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔȐ
Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ
ȖȒȖȗȈȝ Ȉ Ȋ țȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȟȐșȚȣȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈȝ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȈȏȌ-
ȕȐȒ ȕȍ Ȋ «ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ» ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȝ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȗȖȌ ȏȊț-
ȒȐ ȔțȏȣȒȐ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ȑ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȎȈȘ-
ȒȖ ȗȣȓȈȊȠȍȑ ȗȍȟȐ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖ-
ȗȘȖș
— ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ"
— ǬȈ ǪȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȕȈș" — Ȋșȓțȝ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȈȧ ȖȉȡțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȠȚȈȉș-ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȒȚȖ Ȉ ȧ ȚȖ țȎ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ —
ȊȌȘțȋ ș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ Ȁ.
— ȅ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ — ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ
șȚȈȘȐȒ-ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ — ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ — ȥȚȖ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȚȤ șțȌȤ-
ȉț Ǩ șțȌȤȉȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȝȊȈșȚȈȓȐșȤ țș-
ȗȍȝȖȔ ț ȕȍȍ
— ǯȕȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȁ — ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈșȚȈȦșȤ Ȉ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȚȈȒ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ" ǲȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ
șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț" — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȦ — țȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ
— ǵȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ" — șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȈ-
ȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ
— ǺȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǵț. ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ — ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ȝȖȘȖȔ. — ǲȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȈȌȈȓȒȈ

174
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȋȈȌȈȓȒȈ
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ
— ǬȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ǵȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ǻȧ-
ȎȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ ȏȈ ȊȘȈȓȧ șȖȟȚțȚ
— ǵț ȕȍȚ țȎ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ-
Țȍ — ȗȘȐșȚȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ.
— ǲșȚȈȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș șȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȖȊ «Ȗ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ», — șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȗȘȈ-
ȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǲ ©Ȋ ȔȐȘțª — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ — Ȋșȍ
ȍȡȍ ȖȚȕȍȒȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȁ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȉ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț ȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ «Ȍȓȧ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȐ» ȟȈȘȒț
ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȤȧȒț ȟȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȘȐȊȐȓȍȋȐȍȑ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȕȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ
— ǵț țȎ ȍșȓȐ ȟȈȘȒț ȒȖȕȤȧȒț ȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ — șȌȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ǩȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȟȈȘȒț.
Ȁ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȈȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȖȍ țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȒȘȧȒȕțȓ
țșȍȓșȧ ȗȖțȌȖȉȕȍȍ ȕȈ șȖȓȖȔȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȧ ȘȈșș-
ȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ șȓțȠȈȚȤ
ǹȚȈȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ țȝȈȍȚ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȊȤȦȋȈ
ȒȈȒ ȝȓȖȗȈȦȚ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ
Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȠțȘȠȐȚ ȖȉȓȍȌȍȕȍȓȣȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȐȡȍȔ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ
ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ǩȈȒț — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȁ — ȇ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȒȖȕȟȐȓ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȈȒȈȌȣȟȕȣȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǪȖȓȖȌȤȒȖȑ Ǻ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ǹ ȗȖȓȒ ǪȔȍșȚȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȎȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — ǩȈȒț ȋȖȘȖȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȋȈ-
Țȣȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ țȊȍșȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ; Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ
ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕț Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȐșȤ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȣ ȒȈȜȍ-
ȠȈȕȚȈȕȣ ǸȍȌȒȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ

175
ǵț ȊȖȚ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ șȊȧȚȒȈȝ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ Ȋ
ǲȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȓȓțȉ ȕȈ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȖȔ ț Ǻ ȘȈȏȉȖȓȍȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐȌȚȐ ȇ
ȉȣȓȖ șȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ Ȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗț-
ȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǷțșȚȧȒȐ ǪȣȗȤȍȠȤ ȘȦȔȒț ȊȖȌȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȍȚ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ǰȌȐ țȎ Țȣ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȉ ȧ ȓțȟȠȍ șȗȈȚȤ ȏȈȓȧȋț
Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ Ȋ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍ-
șȒȖȔ șȈȔȣȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌȣ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȍȊȐȞț ȗȖȌȞȍȗȐȚȤ ȕț Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȧ ȗȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȖȌȐȕ
— ǷȐ-ȗȐ-ȗȐ-ȗȐ — ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ ȏȈȗȐȡȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Țȍȓȍ-
ȜȖȕ
— ǪȈȠșȒȘȖȌȤ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖ-
ȕț — ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖȌȒțȘȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ țȋȓț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȧ
ȚȘțȉȒț ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȖȔț Ȁ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȓ țȝț
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ ȋ-ȕ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ" ǿȚȖ" Ǫșȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǨȊ-
șȚȘȐȑȞȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȘȈȒȍȚȣ ǬȈ ǬȈ Ǫșȍ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖ
— ǵț-ș ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ, — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ Ȁ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚț
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ-ș — ȠțȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȏȣȘȍȒ — ǵț ȊȖȚ
ȗȘȐȝȖȎț ȧ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉ ǺȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȘȍ ȚȈȕ-
Ȟȣ ȔȈșȖȒ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȖȓȒȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȉ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ,
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒțȚȍȎ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȍ ȘȍȒȖȦ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦșȤ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȔȍȚȕțȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȈșȒȈ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȕȖ Ȑ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ
ǷȘȖȠȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ǵț Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ ȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ǶȋȓȧȕȍȚșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȊȍȘȒȕȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȚ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȧ ȍȍ ȕț Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ǶȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȟȐȊȖ

176
ǫȖȓȖș ț ȕȍȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȋȘțȌȕȖȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȉȘȈ ȥȚȈȒȐȑ ȉȈȘ-
ȝȈȚȕȣȑ
ǹȚȈȓ ȧ ȍȍ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ — ȗȘȧȔȖ ȖȉȎȐ-
ȋȈȦȚ ȖȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȈ ȟțȚȤ ȊȐȌȕȣȑ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȘțȎȍȊ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȖ-
ȊȖ-șȔțȋȓȣȑ ȘțȟȒȐ ȝȖȓȍȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȝ
ǶȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȒȖȔȗȓȐ-
ȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȠțȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȖȓțȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȧȊȕȖ ȜȓȐȘȚȖȊȈȓȈ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȍȓȈ ȐȋȘț ȚȈȒ ȚȖȕȒȖ ȐȏȧȡȕȖ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ
ȟȚȖ ȧșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȚȈȒȖȔț ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔț ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒț ȒȈȒȐȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗȖ țȠȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ «ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșț ȒȘȖȊȐ».
ȇ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȑ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȉȐȌȍ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ țȎȐȕȈȍȚ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȈ
șȒȖȘȖ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ț Ȓ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȔȈșȒț Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȖ-
Ȏț ȍȍ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈ ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȘȈȏȖșȚȓȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ Ț ȗ. ...
ǪȣȠȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȑȏ ȒȓțȉȈ ǷȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ Ǫ ǩȈȒț ȏȕȈȍȚȍ,
ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌțȘȕȣ ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ Ȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ
— ǭșȓȐ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȚȖ șȈȔȣȑ ȠȐȒȈȘȕȣȑ Ȉ șȒȖȘȍȑ șȖȉșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȍȏȌ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȋȘȍȓȖ
ǹȍȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ Ǫ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ȌȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȧ ȖșȔȍȓȍȓ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȘțȟȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȖ ȠȍȑȒȐ ǲȖȎȈ
ȊșȦȌț ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȈȚȓȈșȐșȚȈȧ ǶȉȍȏțȔȍȓ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȔ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǭȝȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕț ȧ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȈșȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ «ǯȌȍșȤ» Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȍȚ
Ȑȏ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȉȍȘț ȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ǰȌȍȔ Ȋ
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȚȟȈȚțȦ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț ȘȧȌȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ — ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȊȐȓȓȈ
ǪȖȠȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒțșȚȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ
ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȚȘȈȊȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȈȏț ȒȈȒ

177
ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȖȉȌȈȓȖ — ȚȈȒȈȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȎțȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ǫșȍ ȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȖ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȌȖ ȌȘȖȎȐ
ǹȘȈȏț ȚȈȒ ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ Ȋ ǩȈȒț Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ȋȌȍ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȐ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȧ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȣȒțȗȈ Ȉ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȚ ǹȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȦ ȧ ȍȍ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ «Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȐȌȚȐ"».
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ «ǵȍȚ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ». ǰ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȘȍȏȒȖȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ǰ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȎțȚȤ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȍȚ
ǰȌț ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȧȦ ȠȈȋȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ ȊȖȚ
ȊȐȎț ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ — ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȈ-
șȖȊȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȒȓȍȗ ȕȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȓȓȈ
ǺțȚ țȎ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȣȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȑ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ©ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚțȌȈ"». ǶȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ «ǬȈ Țț-
ȌȈ».
— ǵț ȕȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌț
Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕȍȚ ȊȌȘțȋ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
Ȕȕȍ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǵȍȚ Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȐȌȚȐ!
ǬȈ ȒȈȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȧșȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
țȎ ȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ, șț-
ȝȈȧ ȎȐȓȐșȚȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȐȓȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ
ǰ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȌȣȉȖȔ
ȊșȚȈȓȐ ǸȊȈȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ — ȍȌȊȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ȘțȒț ȌȈ ȒȈȒ
ȗțȡțșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǹȓȣȠț șȏȈȌȐ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȚȖȗȈȍȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ǳȍȚȍȓ ȒȈȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ǬȖȉȍȋȈȦ ȌȖ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȐ ǩȈȞ —
ȏȈȗȍȘȚȖ! ǩȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ — ȚȖȎȍ ǯȈȔȍȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȖȔ țȎȈșȍ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ǰ țȎ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȝȕțȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȕț
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓ șȓȣȠț ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȍȚ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ
ȊȐȏȎȐȚ ȚȈȒ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȔțȎșȒȐȔ ȕȍ
ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȚȖȟȤȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǫȈ ǬțȔȈȍȠȤ țȠȍȓ ǵȍȚ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤșȧ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ
ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Țȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ț ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȠȤ șȦȌȈ

178
ǵț ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȍ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȌȘȈȚȤ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ
ǪȖȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȊșȦ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȦ ȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ǩȍȋț țȓȐȞȣ Ȋșȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ȖȌȕȐ ȏȈȉȖȘȣ ȕȐ ȎȐȓȤȧ ȕȐ ȌțȠȐ ȎȐȊȖȑ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȗțȡȍ șȚȘȈȝ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȗțșȒȈȦșȤ
ǩȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ
ȗȖȔȕȦ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȖȚȞț ȘȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑ ȚțȚ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓ-
șȧ ǹȗȘȖșȐȓ — ȒȈȒȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ǺȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȊȐȌ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓ țȎȈșȕȣȑ
ǵț șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ ȚțȚ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȐȗȓȍȓșȧ
ǻȎȍ șȊȍȚȈȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ
ȗȓȦȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ șȚțȓ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ
ǪȖȓȖȌȤȒȈ șȗȈȓ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ Ȑ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ
— Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ ǹȈȠȒȈ ȗȤȧȕ"
— ǲȈȒȖȑ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ȗȤȧȕ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȉ șȈȔ ȖȚȌȣȠȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋț
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ Ǩ
Ȗȕ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
— ȅȝ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȌțȘȈȒ ǹȚȘțșȐȓ ǶȜȐȞȍȘșȒȖȍ ȏȊȈȕȐȍ
ȖȗȖȏȖȘȐȓ ǩȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǵț ȧ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦșȤ
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ șȈȔ
— ǰ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ǪȖȚ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ
Ȓ ȚȍȈȚȘț Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȔ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȍȍ țȒȈȎȍȠȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȑ-
ȌțșȕȍȑȐțȎȧȕȍțȉȍȋțȖȚȕȍȍȌȖȒȖȕȞȈȒțȌȈȉȣȖȕȈȔȍȕȧ
ȕȐ ȏȈȊȍȓȈ
— ǳȈȌȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑ ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȖș-
ȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȌȕȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȦ ȒțȌȈ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȏȓȈ
ǲȈȒ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȧ țȚȖȔȓȍȕ Ȉ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȔȍșȚȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȖȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǬȖȘȖȋț ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ
ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȕț Ȉ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȔțȚȕȖ
ǬȖȓȋȖ Ȕȣ ȚȈȔ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȈȉȘȍȓȐ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȧ ȒȈȔȍȕȕțȦ șȚȍȕț ȘȍȠȍȚȟȈȚȣȍ ȊȖȘȖ-
ȚȈ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț Țȍ șȈȔȣȍ ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȔ șȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈ-

179
ȓȐȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȖȘȍ ȏȈșȖȊȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȒȐ ȘȎȈȊȣȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ
Ȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȐȒȚȖ țȎ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȓȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȓ Ȉ ȏȈ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȌȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȘȖșȠȍȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ
ǹȚȈȓȐ Ȕȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ț ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ — șȚȈȘȖȍ ȈȘȔȧȕșȒȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǯȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ,
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤȡȐȕȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ǭșȓȐ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ
ȎȐȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȐȌȚȐ
ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȚțȚ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ ǰ ȧ
ȕȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦ Țȍȉȍ ȐȌȚȐ ș ȕȍȑ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȐ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
— ǷȖȑȌț ȌȈ ȗȖȑȌț
ǻȗȘȧȔ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȑ ȏȈȌȖȘȍȕ
ȇ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȔȖȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȔȈș-
Ȓț ȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȟȈșȈȔ Ȋȍȟȍ-
ȘȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ ȐȌȚȐ ȚȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȔȣȊȈȍȚ ȐȌ-
ȚȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ ȚȧȕȍȚ
— ǰȌȐ ȌȈ ȐȌȐ
Ǩ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ Ȑ Ǻ ȗȘȐșȚȈȍȚ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ
ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȍȔț
— Ǻȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȠȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȌț șȓȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
— ǵț ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ
ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȔ Ȓ ȚȍȈȚȘț ȗȘȖȠȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȐȎț
ȐȌȍȚ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ
— ǶȕȈ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȘȖȏ ȗȖ ȒȖȎȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȑ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖș Ȓ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋțșȚȖȋȖ ȊțȈȓȧ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǪȖȓȖȌȤȒȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ
— ǶȕȈ" ǿȍȘȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ
Ǩ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȏȣȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ
ȒȐȊȕțȚȤ
— ǶȕȈ ȔȖȓ

180
ǪȖȓȖȌȤȒȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȏȈ ȕȍȦ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖȉȖȦ ȊȐȎț Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȐȌțȚ Ȓ țȋȓț ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȚȈȒ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȖȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȋȓȧȎț ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ țȋȓț Ȑ șȈȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȓȧșȒț ǰ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ Ȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Țȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȑȝ
ǺțȚ ȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȋț Ȑ ȒȘȐȟț
—ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȋȘȍȝ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǷȖȒȈ ȧ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ — ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ Ȑ șȓȍȌ ȗȘȖșȚȣȓ ǷȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȓ ȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȌȈ ȌȍȕȡȐȒȈ
ǪȏȧȓȐ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȈȘȔȧȕșȒȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǷȘȐ-
ȍȝȈȓȐ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȏȈȗȖȘȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȐ ȌțȠȐ
ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǹȚȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȏȊȈȚȤ Ǻ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǷȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȕț ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ — ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȌȈ
ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȏȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ ǷȖȌȖȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȎȌȈȓȐ ȌȐȒȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȍȎțȘȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ț ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȖȕȐ șȦȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ǻ țȎȍ ȌȖȔȈ
șȐȌȐȚ
ǪȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ — ǪȖȓȖȌȤȒȐ ȕȍȚ ǷȖȓȕȖȟȤ — ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ
ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ — ȕȍȚ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ — ȕȍȚ
Ƕȝ șȒȊȍȘȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȕț-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ǪȖȓȖȌȤȒȈ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȐ ȒȘȖȊȐȕȒȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖȌțȠȒț
ǳȍȎȐȚ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ
ȇ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— ǪȖȓȖȌȧ ǵț ȟȚȖ" ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ"
Ƕȕ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
— ǵȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ! ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȦ
— ǬȈ ȕț ǩȖȋ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ" ǹȒȈȎȐ ȝȖȚȤ
țȏȕȈȓ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȖȕȈ"
Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
șȖȊșȍȔ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ:
— ǲȚȖ ȖȕȈ" ǽȖȟȍȠȤ Țȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ" ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȒȚȖ
ǬȐȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ țȗȈȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖȌțȠȒț Ȑ
ȉȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ

181
— ǰ ȊȖȚ ȏȕȈȑ ȉțȌȍȚ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȤȦȚ Ȉ Țȣ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȍȠȤșȧ ȎȐȊ — ǰ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ȒȈȒ țȉȐȚȣȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
ȇ ȊȐȎț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ. «ǷțșȚȤ
ȖȗȈȔȧȚțȍȚșȧ», — ȌțȔȈȦ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șțȚȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȚȈȓ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐșȚȈȓ
— ǵț ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ"
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ țȋȘȦȔȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǷȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȠȤ" ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ǽȖȟț Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Ǵȕȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ ǰ ȥȚȖ
ȊȣȠȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǰ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȈȑ ȕȍ ȔțȟȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǰ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȐ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ
ǰ șȘȈȏț Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ țȋȘȦȔȣȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ
ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȣȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȕțȚȘȤ șȍȉȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ
țȍȝȈȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ǩ ȚțȚ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓșȧ Ȋ
ȕȈȠ ȗȖȓȒ Ȑ
— Ǫȏȏ ǩțȔ-ȚȦ — ȊȌȘțȋ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȏȊȣȓȈ
ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȐ
Ǫșȍ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
— Ǫȏȏ ǩțȔ-ȚȦ — ȊȏȊȣȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚ—ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ Ȁ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȏȈȉȈȝȈȓȐ ȘțȎȍȑȕȣȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȗȐȡȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ
— ǷȐ-ȗȐ-ȗȐ-ȗȐ
— ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȣ ȊȍȌțȚ ȕȈ
ȕȐȝ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ — ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚ
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏ — Ȋșȗȓȍșȕțȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ —
ǵț ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȎȐȊȖ ȗȖ ȔȍșȚȈȔ ǩțȌȐȚȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǬȈ Ȋȣ-
șȓȈȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȏȈșȚȍȋȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ
ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȐ ǪȤȦȋȈ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȑ șȓȍȗȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȉȍȓȍșȖȑ ȌȊȐȎțȡȍȑșȧ ȔțȚȐ
ǹȗȘȈȊȈ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ ȘȖȒȖȚȈȓȈ țȎȍ șȗȓȖȠ-
ȕȈȧ ȘțȎȍȑȕȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐ-

Ȏȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ
ǴȐȋȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ Ȑ ș ȊȖȍȔ ȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȖȒȖȗȈ-
ȔȐ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ
— ǶȋȖ ǨȊșȚȘȐȑȞȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȗȘȈȊȌț ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ ȕȈș ȈȚȈ-
ȒȖȊȈȚȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȁ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȖȔț
șȕȍȋȖȔ ȖȒȖȗț
— ǵț Ȉ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ǻ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ șȓȍȌțȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǲ — ǿȚȖ
Ȏȍ ș ȕȐȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǰșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ"
— Ǩȝ Ǻ" ǻȉȐȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȉȖȦ — ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ
Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ

ǲȚȖȠȞȖȗ ǲȜȞȖț
ǿȀǾǮǻǻȉǷ ǿǹȁȅǮǷ

184
— ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȤȐȞȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȖȌȍȘȐ ǫȈȌȈȑ — ȕȍ ȋȈȌȈȑ
Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȋȈȌȈȍȠȤ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ
ǽȖȚȤ ȉȣ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȋțȕȈ ȊȣșȓȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șȊȧȏȐ — ȉțȘȟȈȓ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȍȏțșȣȑ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǸȣȒȖȊ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ
ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ-ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ Ȑ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȘȧȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȎțȘȈȊȓȐȕȣȔȐ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȌȓȐȕț ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȝȈȓțȗȣ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ șȚȖȑȒȖ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȑ țȘȈȋȈȕ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȟȍȔȖ-
ȌȈȕȖȊ
ǴȍȚȍȓȤ — ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȔȍșȤ ȎȍșȚȒȖȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ ș ȗȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȍȕȤ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈș ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤ
șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȦȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȝȈȓțȗȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȍȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȔ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȓȈ ȕȈȠȍ țȉȍȎȐȡȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȧșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ǹ ȕȈȠȈ ȝȈȓțȗȈ ȧȘȟȍ ȖȚ-
ȚȍȕȧȓȈ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȑ țȒȖȘ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȕțȎȕȖȔ ȊȈȘȊȈȘșȚȊȍ ȕȈȌ ȔȐȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȕȈȔȐ ȖȉȕȈȋȓȍȊȠȍȔț Ȑ
ȌȖ ȞȐȕȐȏȔȈ ȖȌȐȟȈȊȠȍȔț ȊȘȈȋț ȐȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ țșȚȈȓȣȔ ȊȖȐȕȈȔ ȏȈșȚȐȋȕțȚȣȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ șȖ
ȊȏȊȖȌȖȔ ȌȘȈȋțȕ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȔȍȚȍȓȤȦ — ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȏȕȈȓȈ șȈȔȈ ȝȈ-
ȓțȗȈ
ǺȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȖ ȊȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȚȖ-
Ȕȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ șțȌȤȉȣ, Ȑ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ șȊȖȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȌȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ, ȉțȌțȟȐ ȔȐș-
ȚȐȒȖȔ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ, ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȍ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȈȑȕȣ șȊȧȏȈȊȠȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
țȞȍȓȍȊȠȍȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȖȑ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ǹ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈșȚȐȋȓȈ ȕȈș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȐȞȈ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍșȐȓȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȈȘȚț Ȑ ȊȣȔȍȘȐȓ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȒȖȘȕȍȚ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȖȎȍ șȖ
ȊȏȊȖȌȖȔ ȌȘȈȋțȕ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ț ȌȍȘ ǹ ȖȚȒț-
ȌȈ ȘȈȕȕȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȜȓȈȕȋȈ
ȕȍȔȞȍȊ
ǷȖ ȟȐșȓț ȊȍȘșȚ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ țȎȍ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ Ȍ ǹ ȕȖ ȟȈșȣ țȎȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȉ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ ȕȐ șȓțȝț ȕȐ Ȍțȝț

185
ȇ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǴȍȚȍȓȤ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȧ ȝȘțșȚȒȖȑ ȌȘȖȉȤȦ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȖȗ-
ȚȍȓȖȔț șȚȍȒȓț ǺȤȔȈ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȈ țȎȈș ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ țȕȣȓȣȑ
ȊȍȚȍȘ Țȧȕțȓ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȌȐ-
ȒțȦ șȊȐșȚȖȗȓȧșȒț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȧȘȟȍ ȊȗȖȓȏȈȓ Ȋ ȌțȠț țȎȈș ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȋȕȍȚ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
©ǸȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈª ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȕȐ ș
șȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȕȐȎȖȕȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȈ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȑ Ȕȕȍ
Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȏȐȔȖȑ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ǨȘȒȈȌȐȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȑ-
ȏȍȘ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑș-
ȒȖȊȍȘȒȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȜțȚțȘȐȏȔȈ ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ș ȔȖȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȧȚ ȜȐȈșȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȉȘȍȌȖ-ȜțȚțȘȐș-
Țȣ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȉȈȘȈȕȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ
ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȣ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȖȊ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȣ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȕȐ Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȔȧȚșȧ ǲȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ"
ǸȣȒȖȊ șȖȕȕȖ ȖȉȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȔȈȝ-
ȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȏȍȊȕțȊ
ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȍȔȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-
ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȔ ȚȘțȗȖȔ
— ǿȍȘȚ șȊȈȌȤȉț ȗȘȈȊȐȚ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ. — Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ
ȔȐȓȣȑ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ Ȓ țȚȘț-ȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤșȧ ș
ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȌȊȈ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȈȍȔ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȊȔȈȎȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ ǵȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȠȈȘȐȚȤ Ȓ ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒț Ǭ — ȌȖ-
ȉȈȊȐȓ ȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȕȍ-
ȔȣșȓȐȔȖ ǲȖȕȐ țȎȍ ȌȊȖȍ șțȚȖȒ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȍȌȓȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȓȦȌȐ
ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ Ȋ șȍȌȓȍ
ǸȣȒȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ
— ǲȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȣșȒȈȕȤȧ ȠȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȠȈȘȤ ǫȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȍȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚ ț ȖȒȖȓȐȞȣ ȌȈ Ȑ
ȈȝȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ ǰ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖșȗȧȚ ȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȐ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚ ǵț,
Ȉ Ȓ țȚȘț Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǹȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȧ
ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȈșșȍȌȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȑ Ȉ ȓȦȌȧȔ
țșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȌȣȝ

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ǻȚȐȝȈȓȈ ȓȐ ȐȓȐ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȚȍȓȤ — ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ǶșȚȘȣȑ ȗȍșȖȒ șȓȍȗȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ǸȍȒș ȍȌȊȈ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȊ țȠȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȖȏȌȘȧȔȐ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȧ Ȋșȍ
țșȐȓȐȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǪȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ ǫȌȍ
ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȎȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȗȓțȚȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȝȈȖșȍ — ȧ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȓ ȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
— ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ
— ǸȣȒȖȊ ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǸȣȒȖȊ — ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȐȓȣ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
ȧ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȍȑ ȏȈȊȣȓ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ ǮțȚȤ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ
ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ, ȊȣșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȍ
ȕȈ ȓȉț ȕȖ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȚȧȋțȟȈȧ ȕțȌȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȍ
țșȐȓȐȍ Ȑ, ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȠȍȦ ǸȍȒșȈ ȧ ȗȖȞȍ-
ȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȊȖȌ ȌȈȊ ȊȖȓȦ ȊȍȘȕȖȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǲȈȒ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȖ
ȔȘȈȒȍ ȊȏȊȖȌ" — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȧ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐȡȈ șȖȊȍȚȈ
ǸȍȒșȈ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȖȒȘțȎȈȦ-
ȡȍȔț ȒȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȐȓȖ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȉȍ-
ȏȖȚȊȍȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ǷȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐ-
ȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȘȊȈȕț ȗȖȒȖȧ
ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȈȓȐȓȈ ȕȍȒȘȈșȖȊșȒȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ
©Ǩ ǴȈȘȤȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȑ șȚȣȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ șȕȍª
— ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ șȍȘțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȊ-
ȠțȦ ȚȤȔț
ǹȍȒțȕȌȈ Ȑ ȘțȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ Ȓ ȥȜȍșț ȠȈȠȒȐ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ǵȐ ȠȈȠȒȐ ȕȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
Ǫșȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȧ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȝȈȓțȗȍ
ǪȐȌȧ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȧșȤ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȟȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ șȐȓȣ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȓȈȗț ȉȈȠȓȣȒȈ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȧșȤ ȏȈȌț-
ȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ

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ǩȈȠȓȣȒ șȗȖȓȏ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȊȠȍȑ ȓțȕȖȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ șȖ șȒȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȖȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȘȈȋțȕȈ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕȈ Ȑȏ ȊȏȊȖȌȈ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊȈ
— Ǻȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ".
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȕȈȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȈ
ȏȈșȈȌț ȐȓȐ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑȝ ȚȈȔ
ȕȍȔȞȖȊ-ȚȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ șȖ ȊȏȊȖȌȖȔ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ Ȑȏ-
ȉȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȟȚȖ ț ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒȈ-ȚȖ Ǭ Ȑ ȏȈșȍȓȐ ǶȚșȚȘȍȓȐ-
ȊȈȦȚșȧ ǽȖȚȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈ Ȑȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȊȈș ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȘȧ ȋțȉȐȚȤ ȌȈ ȕȍȔȞȈ
ȊȣȗțșȒȈȚȤ ǪȖȚ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖ,
ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȔȞȈ-ȚȖ ș ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȑ
ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȍȚ ǩȖȓȤȕȖ
ȕȈȌȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȈș Ǩ ȕȍȔȞȈ-ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȌȐ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȈ ȥșȒȈȌ-
ȘȖȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȚșȧ
— ǬȈ Țȣ șȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ-ȚȖ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȧ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕȈ
— ǶȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ȊȈș ȌȈ ȊȖȚ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
Ȋȍȓ ǺȘȖȐȝ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ șȘțȉȐȓ șȒȖȘȖ Ȉ ȟȍȚȊȍȘ-
Țȣȑ — ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ șȊȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ ș ȒȖȕȧ ǵț ȌțȔȈȦ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȎȐȊ ȖșȚȈȓ-
șȧ ȌȈ Ȑ țȋȖȌȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑȏ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ǺȈȒ Ȑ
țȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȑ«
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕ ȉȘȍȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
— ǵȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȚ — șȓȈȉȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȓ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕ Ȑ, ȗȖȌȕȧȊ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȓȍȌȍȕȍȓȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ, ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȗȈȓ«
ȇ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ
ǹȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȋȈȘȖȒ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȕȈ
ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ șȚȍȕț ȝȈȓțȗȣ ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ ȠȈȠȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȖ-
ȓȍ ǸȣȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȐȊ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȉȔȖȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȘȧȗȤȍȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȕȖ șȗȈȓ ȊȘȈșȚȧȎȒț ȕȈ ȗȖȓț Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȝȘȈȗȍȓ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ Ȓȓȍ-
ȊȈȓ ȕȖșȖȔ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȌȘȈȋțȕ
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Ǫ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȕȖȔ ȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ șȓȖȊȈ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕȈ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ

188
ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒ Ǭ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ǹ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȐ-
șȍȔȐ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌț ȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȊȍȘȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ
ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔȖșȚȤȦ
ǩȣȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ǴȍȚȍȓȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țȋȖȔȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȍ ȗȍȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȍȑ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȝȈȓțȗȈ șȖ
șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȝȓȧȌȤȦ șȚȖȕȈȓȈ șȒȘȐȗțȟȍ-ȕțȌȕȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ
Ȗ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȉȣȓȖȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȊȠȍȋȖ
ȖȋȈȘȒȈ ǵȈȌȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ
Ǫ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊșȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈș ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖ șȍȒțȕ-
ȌȈȔ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ
— ǸȣȒȖȊ ǪșȚȈȊȈȑȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȑ
ǨȘȒȈȌȐȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȚȈȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ-ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȘȟȈȓ
— ȅȝ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȠȚțȒț ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
șȔȈșȚȍȘȐȚȍ ǵȐ șȊȍȚ — ȕȐ ȏȈȘȧ ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ș ȟȍȘȚȖȔ
ȋȖȘȖȝ ȔȖȓȖȚȧȚ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȘȖȋȈ șȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȕȈȗȖȘȖȚȤșȧ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȊȈȠȍ ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȖȝ-
ȕțȚȤ ȕȍȌȍȓȤȒȐ ȌȊȍ ǺȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȖȌȕȖ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȍȚșȧ ǰșȟȍȏȕȍȚȍ — ȚȖȕȖȔ, ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȧȡȐȔ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ —
ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǸȣȒȖȊ ȓȦȉȐȊȠȐȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȘȟȐȚȤ ©ȉȣȊȈȓȖȋȖª ȟȚȖ
ȍȔț șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ
ȕȈ ȘțȋȈȕȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȧ — ȕȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȦ
— Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǨȘȒȈȌȐȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȚȖȓȒțȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȉ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ, ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ, ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȍșȤ
ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ țȎȍ ȜȣȘȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȕȐ ȗȖȏȊȈȕȐȊȈȧ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒȈ-
ȔȐ, Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ țȕȚȍȘ ǫȓȣȉȈ ȗȖȌȠțȟȐȊȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȗȖșȗȈȚȤ ȝȖȝȓȖȔ ǵȐȡȍȕȒȖ
ǫȖȚȖȊȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȔȖȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț
ȕȍ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȍȌț Ȑȝ ǶȕȐ
ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȌȈȊȕȖ-
ȎȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ
ǷȖȚȘȍȗȈȊ ȋȘȐȊț ǸȍȒșȈ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȎȐȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț
Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ǷȖșȚȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ, Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ
— ǷȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒț ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȚȐȝȖ ǹȓȍȌȐ ȏȖȘȒȖ ȏȈ
ȘțȒȖȑ ǴȈȝȕț — ȘȈșșȣȗȈȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏ ȏȊțȒȈ ȒȖȠȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȘȈȑ-

189
ȕȍȑ ȝȈȓțȗȣ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȀȈȋȖȊ ȏȈ ȌȊȍșȚȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ǫȌȍ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ ȉȘȖșȤ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏȐ ǩȍȏ șȚȘȍȓȈ ǹȓț-
ȠȈȚȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ǹȊȐșȚȕț ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȍȚȐ ȗȚȐ-
Ȟȍȑ Ȓ ȝȈȓțȗȍ ǫȐȒȈȑ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ǷțșȚȤ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȓȒ
ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ǹȚȘȍȓȧȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ —
ȘțȉȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȡȈȌȣ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ ȉȘȈȚȞȣ"
— ǷȖȕȧȓȐ — ȚȐȝȖ-șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ
— ǹ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȊȏȧȊ ȗȘȧȔȖȍ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌ
ǷȖ ȖșȚȘȖȚȈȔ ȌȘȈȋțȕ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȖȍ șț-
ȚȖȒ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȉȖȌȘȖȍ Ȑ
șȈȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȠȈȠȒȐ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ șȒȖ-
Șȍȑ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȊȍȘșȚȣ ȚȘȐ ǸȣȒȖȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȣ-
ȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȖȉȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ-
șȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓǪȌȘțȋ ǸȍȒș ȏȈȝȘȈȗȍȓ Ȑ ȒȘțȚȖ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǵȈ
ȕȈȠȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȗȖȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȚȍȓȤȦ
— Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȓȍȎȐȚ ǵȍ ǲȐ-
ȘȦȝȐȕ ȓȐ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȚȘțȗ ȕȖ ȉțȌțȟȐ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓșȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȓȍȠȐȑ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕȈ
șȦȌȈ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȚ ǹȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȚȖȎȍ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ǸȣȒȖȊ
ǬȘȈȋțȕȣ șȗȍȠȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȓȣ-
ȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ — Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ șȕȧȓȐ
ȠȈȗȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǬȈ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȗȖ-
ȌȢȍȝȈȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǸȣȒȖȊ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȇ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ șȗȈȓȐ ǶșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ — ȗȖȚȖȔ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ǲȐȘȦ-
ȝȐȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȊȍȏȚȐ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ

190
ǴȖȓȟȈ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȘȈȋțȕȣ ȉȍȏ ȠȈȗȖȒ, ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ Ȉ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȡȍ-
ȔȧȡȐȑ ȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȋȖ ǲȐȘȦ-
ȝȐȕȈ
ǰ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȈșȤ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȔȍșȚȐ ȗȖȌȓȖȔț ȊȘȈȋț
ȏȈ ǲȐȘȦȝȐȕȈ ȏȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȌȘȈȋțȕ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ
ǷȖ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȖȔț ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȦ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȊȍșȤ ȔȖȐ ȊȏȊȖȌ Ȑ ȉȍȏțșȣȑ ǸȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȧ
— șȓȐȊȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȔȣșȓȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔțȦ șȐȓț, Ȑ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȖȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȈȚȤ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȏȈ ȊȍȘșȚț ȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ țȓȐȞȍȑ ȝȐȉȈȘȖȒ
ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȚȐȝȖ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ
©ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȖȗȖȏȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȐȓȐ șȖȕ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȐ»
ǿțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ țȎȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ,
țȒȈȏȈȊ ȕȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȊȠțȦșȧ Ȑȏ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȒȘȈȑȕȦȦ
ȝȈȓțȗț șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȖȚȓȍȚȍ Ȑ ȉȣȊȠțȦ ȗȖȒȘțȗȕȍȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȧ
ȖȗȧȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǩȍȏ ȠțȔȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȘȈȋțȕȣ ȖȒȘțȎȈȧ
ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȔ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǫȓȣȉȈ Ȑ ȌȘȈȋțȕ ș ȚȍȓȖȔ ǲȐȘȦ-
ȝȐȕȈ
ǬȈȊ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȧ ș ǫȓȣȉȖȑ șȗȍȠȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒț ǿȍȔ
ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ țȒȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȟȒȖȑ ȚȍȔ Șȍ-
Ȏȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚțȔȈȕ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȚȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȕȈ
ȚȘȐșȚȈ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȖ
ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕȈ ȌȊȈ ǶȚȊȍȌȧ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȕȈ șȚȖ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȘȖȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȑȝ ȒȖȕȖȊȖȌȈȔ ȕȍȔȞȣ, ȖȒȖȗȈȊȠȐșȤ, ȖȒȘțȎȐ-
ȓȐ ȚȍșȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȒȘȈȑȕȦȦ Ȑȏȉț Ȑ ȏȈȓȍȋȓȐ ǫȓȣȉȈ, țȊȐȌȧ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȑ Șțȋȕțȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȚȘțșȖșȚȤ șȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȔ ȉȖȦ
— ǰȠȤ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȈȧ ǵȍ ȗȖȘȈ, ȓȐ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ șȖȊșȍȔ șȊȍȚȓȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ — ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȘȍȟȐȊțȦ ȘțȋȈȕȤ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǩȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȔȐ

191
— ǷȖȘȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ ȕȈ ǸȍȒșȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȐ-
ȓȣ ȌȈȓ ȚȘȐ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȊȐșȚȒȈ șȐȘȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȏȕȈȓ
ȊȍșȤ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕ
ǷȖȟțȧ ȠȗȖȘȣ ǸȍȒș ȓȍȚȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ Ȑ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȌ-
șȒȈȒȈȊ Ȓ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ, ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȣȑ șȊȐșȚ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖ-
ȊȈǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ȖȚ ȋȐȒȈȕȤȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȌȘȈ-
ȋțȕǵȍȔȞȣ ȖȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐȓȐșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȊ ȍȡȍ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȘȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȝȊȈȚȈȓȐ ȘțȎȤȧ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕțȦ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț ȉȘȖșȈȧșȤ
Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǵȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȟ ȊȓȍȚȍȓȐ
ȔȖȐ ȌȘȈȋțȕȣ Ȋ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕțȦ ȔȈșșț Ȑ ȒȘȖȠȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ
ȕȈȓȍȊȖ țȎȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȌ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ
ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǴȖȧ ȠȈȠȒȈ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȧȒȖȚȤ ȉȘȣȏȕțȊȠțȦ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȖȉȖȎȋȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȠȍȦ ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘȖș-
ȓȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ǷȖșȚȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊȈ ǷȘȐȒȓȈȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȈȋțȕ Ȋ țȠȈȝ
ȗȘȖȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȝȘțșȚ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȝȘȈȗ
©ǸȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈª — ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ șȘȈȏț
ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȍ șȔȍȠȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȗȓȣȓȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȕȐȏ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
_____
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǸȣȒȖȊȈ
— ǽȖȚȤ țȉȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȉ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǹȒȈȎȐ, ȗȖ-
ȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȒȈȒ ț ȊȈș Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȠȚț-
ȒȐ"ǵȈȠ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȏȕȈȚȖȒȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ǸȣȒȖȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȐȠȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǺȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȚȈȒ — ȗȖȕȐȏȐȊ ȋȖȓȖș, ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓ ǸȣȒȖȊ,
— Ȉ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȍȘțȕȌț șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌțȔȈȦ

ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"
— ǴȍȌȐȞȐȕȈ ǨȘȒȈȌȐȑ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȔț ǷȘȖșȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȊȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȕȖ
țȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ, Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǵȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǵȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ șȔȍȑȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ǫȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ-
ȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ
— ǬȈ ȧ Ȏȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȍȌȍȓȤȒȐ ȌȊȍ — ȍȌȊȈ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȧ șȓȖȊȈ ǸȣȒȖȊȈ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȏȈșȕțȓ șȕȖȊȈ

ǶȑțȎȠȖȗ ǽȜȠȎȝȓțȘȜ
ǿȀǾǮȆǻȉǳ ǱǾǶǯȉ

194
I
ǵȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ, ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȊȍȘșȚ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȋ șȚȘȖȋȖșȚȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȊȐȏȕȍ
ȝȓȍȉȈ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ ȠȚȈȚșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȔțȕȌȐȘȣ — Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ȋ șȍȓȈȝ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
ȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ
ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ǰȊȈȕ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ
țȔȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȍȠȍȊȓȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȌȈ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘ Ȑ ȕȈȎȐȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȉ ș ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗșȍ-
ȕȐ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȒț ȏȈȔțȎ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ ȓȍȚ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȍȚ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ —
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȘȧȌȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ Ȓțȗȓȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȒȍ Ȑ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȧȝ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȉȐȚȊȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȔȞț ȒțȓȈȒ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȒȘȈȧ, Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ, ȏȕȈȓȐ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȦȌȈ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȊȖȑȕȈ — ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȥȚȐȝ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȝ ȌȖ-
ȓȐȕ — Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ țȎȍ
ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
ǵȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ
ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȧ ǵȈ ȕȐȊȈȝ ȎȍȓȚȍȓȈ ȗȠȍȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȓȐ ȧȟȔȍȕȤ Ȑ
ȖȊȍș ǲȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȐșȤ șȕȧȚȤ Ȑȝ ȝȖȚȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ǵȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗțșȚȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȖȕȖ Ȋ șȚȖȋȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ ȟȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȗȚȈȕȖ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǲȖȗȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ȊȣȒȈȗȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȤ Ȑ ȖȉȐȘȈȧ ȖȋțȘȞȣ
ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȝ ȋțȔȕȈȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȣȑ șȚțȒ Ȟȍ-
ȗȖȊ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȋȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȖȉȓȈȟȒȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȊȍȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȓȖȗȈȚȖȑ ȏȍȘȕȈ
ǳȦȌȐ ȊȊȐȌț ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȓȍ țȗȐȘȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȋțșȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ
ȓȍșȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȐȠȒȐ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȔȐȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȐȋȘȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ Ǩ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋ-

195
ȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȐȒȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȋȘȍȓȖ ȎȈȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȒȖȠȍȓȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȍș Ȑ ȚȈȔ
ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȋȘȐȉȣ ǰ
ȓȍș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓȖ Ȑȝ ȥȝȖ Ȉ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ
ȗȘȖȒȘȈȊȠȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȓȐșȚȊț ȏȊȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȓȍșȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȑǨ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǻȎȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȣ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȖȕȖȊ ǶȕȐ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȓȈ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐșȤ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ
ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȗțȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍȧșȕȖȋȖ ȋțȓȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȌȖ șȍȓȈ. ǬȖȕȖșȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȖ Ȑ șȖȎ-
ȎȍȕȖ Ȑ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȖ ș ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȚȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȎȎȍȕ șȖ
Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǰ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȐȔ ȕȍ
ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ țȟȈșȚȐ
ǵȖ, ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, — ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑș-
ȒȈ ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ țȎȍ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȕȣ
ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȣ
ǵȖ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȉȍșȒțȘȈȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȎȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȒțȌȈ țȑȚȐ ǫȖȘȖȌȈ ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȍȋ-
ȓȍȞȣ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȔȍșȚ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȈȉ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ Ȑ șȖȎȎȍȕȐȦ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȍȓȈ ǺȈȒ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȓȐ ȍșȓȐ țȎ
ȥȚȖ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ?
ǵȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ș ȒȈȎ-
ȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȏȕȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȐȒț
ǺȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȉ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒțȦ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǪȏȘȖșȓȣȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȉ ȘȍȉȧȚȐȠ-
ȒȐ ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ șȊȣȒȓȐșȤ ș ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȔ ȋțȓȖȔ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȌȘȈȏ-
ȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ

196
șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȍȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ șȍȓȍȕȐȐ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȌȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȖȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȖ
Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘțȟȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȓ ȏȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȋțșȚȣȔ
ȓȍșȖȔ Ǫ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ, ȗȖȘȈ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȚȤ
șȊȖȐ ȗȖȎȐȚȒȐ Ȑ țȌȐȘȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ
ǵȖ ȚȈȒ țȎȍ ȟțȌȕȖ țșȚȘȖȍȕȈ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȈȧ ȌțȠȈ — ȉțȌȤ ȚȖ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȘȖșș ȝȖȝȖȓ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȧȒ — ȟȚȖ Ȗ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȎȐȚȒȖȊ Ȑ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȦȦ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȉ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȍȚșȧ ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȐ ȔȖ-
ȓȍȉșȚȊȐȧ — ȗȘȈȊȖșȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ Ȉ ȒșȍȕȌȏ Ȋ
ȒȖșȚȍȓȍ ǹȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȑ
Țȍȝ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ǵȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȊȕțȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȈȏȈȞ-
ȒȐȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȏȋțȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ ȕȈȊȖȌȧ
ȖȌȕȐȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȈȕȐȒț ȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ǽȖȌȐȓȐ ȓȍȋȍȕ-
ȌȈȘȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȈȏȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȘțȉȐȓ șȖȚȕȦ
ȕȍȔȞȍȊ Ȉ ȗȈȘȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȞȍȓțȦ ȘȖȚț ȕȍȔȞȍȊ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ ȏȈ-
ȉȘȈȓȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖșȚȧȝ ȟȐȕȐȔȣȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧȔȐ, Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȗȖ ȗȘȖșȍȓȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ <ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ> ȒȈȏȈȟȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ șȍȓȧȕȍ ș ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ
ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— ȅ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȗȖȗțșȚȐȚ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈșȚ
Ǩ ȌȍȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ, — ȉȍȋȈȓȐ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȐȝ ȘțȉȈȠȒȈȝ ȉȖșȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȠȈȗȖȒ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȕȍ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȐșȤ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȖȔ șȊȍȎȍȑ
ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȊ Ȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ǩȖȎȤȐȔȐ ȌȈȘȈȔȐ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤ țȚȘȈ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȗȘȐȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ș ȗȖȓȧ șȍȓȤȟȈȕȍ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ șȊȖȐ
ȒȖșȣ Ȑ ȋȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȓȖȗȈȚȣ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȏȈ
ȉȓȐȎȕȐȔ ȓȍșȒȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ Ȑ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ

197
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȑ șȍȓȤȟȈȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȏȈ șȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȊȌȈȓȤ ǰ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȚȈȔ țȎȍ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȓȍșȒȈ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȚțȟȈ
ǵȖ ȧșȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȋȖȘȠȍ
ȖȉȐȌȐȚ ȟȍȔ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ șȒȈȘȉ șȍȓȧȕȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȐșȚȖȊȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ
ǶȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ
ȌȍȚȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋțȘȤȉȖȑ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ
ȓȍșȒȈ ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȓȈ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ șȍȓȤȟȈȕȍ țȎȍ
ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȓȍșț ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
ȕȖ ȚțȚ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ
ǺȍȔȕȈȧ ȚțȟȈ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖ-
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ Ȑ
ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȚȈȧ-
ȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǹȍȓȤȟȈȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐ ȘȚȣ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȟțȌȖ
II
ǿțȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȉ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȝȖȚȧ
Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȖ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȟȐșȓȖȔ ș ȌȖȉ-
Șȣȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈ ȓȍșȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊ-
ȕȦ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ
Țȍȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȗȕ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȍȓȍȕȐȑ
ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȍșȚȤ ȗȖȗȐȚȤ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȚȤ

198
ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȖ ȕȐȚȒȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȐȚȤ Ȑ șȎȍȟȤ Ȑȝ ȌȖȔȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐȠȗȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȑ Ȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȔ ȋȈ-
ȓȖȗȖȔ ȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȐȋȘȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȊȠȐȝ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȈ
ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ǰ țȎ ȚțȚ ȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȐȋȘ ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȚȘȐ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ
ȌȘȈȋțȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ șȔȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ
ǰ ȌȍȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — țȌȐȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȊȘȈȋț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȋȖȓȣȝ ȗȧȚȖȒ ǵȖ Ȋ
ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȋȘȖȔȖȕȖșȕȖȍ
— ǫȈȓȤȚ
ǰ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
ǸȍȉȧȚȐȠȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȕȖ ȐȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȍȋȖ șȔȣșȓ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ — ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ
ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǺȖȚ,
șȚȈȘȠȐȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȋ șȐȕȍȔ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȓȍȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȈȓ ȍȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȚțȌȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǸȍȉȐȈȚȈ ȏȈȋȍȕ-ȏȐ
ǶȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȗȖȚȖȔ
— ǫȈȊȈȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȈțȌȈ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ" ǵț"
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȔ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ,
șȈȔȣȑ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ
— Ǩ ǵȕț, — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒț — ȋȈȊȈȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȈțȌȈ ǭșȓȐ ȕȤȍȚ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ǰȕȕț"
ǰ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȈȗțȋȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓ
ȋȓȖȚȒț Ȑ țșȚȘȈȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȉȍȓȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ
ǷȖȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, șȒȖȓȖȚȐȓ ȞȍȓțȦ ȜȘȈȏț

199
— ǵȍ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐ ȚțȚ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ ȒȈȏȈȒȖȊ"
— ǲȈȏȈȒȐ" — ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ —
ǭșȚȤ ȍșȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ" ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ
— Ƕ-Ȗ! — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȐ-
ȕțȓ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȘȧȌ
— ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ" ǴȕȖȋȐȍ?
— ǬȈ ȚțȚ Ȑȝ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ
— ǵȍ ȖȉȐȘȖȠȍșȐȈ" ǪȈș-Ȑș-ȌȈș — ȕȍ ȖȉȐȘȖȠȍșȐȈ" ǵț" ǺȐ-
șȐȈȟȈ" Ǩ"
— ǴȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȚȣȡȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ǲȚȖ Ȏ Ȑȝ șȟȐȚȈȓ"
— ǿȐȚȈȓ" ǪȈș-Ȑș-ȌȈș ȟȐȚȈȓ"
— ǹȟȐȚȈȓ, — ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
— ǵȕț" Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ șȚȖȐȚȤ — ȒȈȏȈȒȐ" ǺȈȔ" Ǫ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ"
— ǵȍ-ȍȚ — ȎȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȌȍșȒȈȚȤ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȌțȘȈȒ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚ — ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȐ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ǲȈȏȈȒȐ ȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊ-
ȕȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȓȍșț
— ǳȍșț" ǰȔ-Ȍȍȕ-ȊȈȓȤȌȍ" ǲȈȒȖȔ ȓȍșț"
— Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ" Ǩ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ǰ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ
ȓȍșț ȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ
— ǰ ȚțȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍȔȍȞ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȑ ȓȍș
— ǵț ȌȈ Ȑ ȚțȚ ǻ ȕȈș Ȑȝ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȖȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ — ș țȉȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ
— ǺțȚ" ǴȕȖȋȐ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ" ǫȍȑȍȕ-ȏȐ-ȞțȘȦȒ ǯȖȉȈȓȤȌ ȊȐ Ȕȍ-
ȋȓȐȝ
ǰ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ șȒȖȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȖȕȧ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȝȓȣșȚȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ Ȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȖȗȖȘ ȗȖȌȘȈȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȏȈ ȓȍșȖȔ
ǸȍȉȧȚȐȠȒȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓȐ ș ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ Ȍțȝ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȓȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ-ȋȈȌȈȓ Ȗ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȧ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȓȍș șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȋȘȐȉȣ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ. — ǲȈȒȐȍ ȋȘȐȉȣ"
— ǫȘȐȉȣ ǷȘȖ ȋȘȐȉȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈș Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒț
ȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȚ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȕȍȚ Ȑ

ȖȗȧȚȤ șȗȘȖșȐȚ
— ǬȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ" ǵȍțȎȚȖ Ȑ ȊȏȈȗȘȈȊȌț ȗȘȖ
ȋȘȐȉȣ"
— Ǩ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȍșȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȚțȚ ț ȊȈș ȒȈȏȈȒȐ"
—ǵț"ǨȊȣȍȔțȟȚȖ"
—ǨȔȣȍȔțȍșȚȤǲȈȒȎȍȕȍȉȣȚȤ"ǬȈȐȝȚțȚȕȍȖȉȍ-
ȘȍȠȤșȧ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ȊȈș-Ȑș-ȌȈș — ȕȍ ȖȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ" Ǩ ȋȌȍ — ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚ — ȖȕȐ șȚȖȧȚ" Ǩ Ȕȣ ȌȈ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȐȔ șȚȖȧȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖ Ǩ ȋȌȍ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȓȍșț" ǬȈ ȊȍȏȌȍ — ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȔ — ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ǰ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț
— ǰ ȚțȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȑ Ȋ Țț Ȏ ȔȐȕțȚț șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ Ȟț-
ȘȦȒ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȑ ȏȈ ȉȈȓȤȌȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ǬȈ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȐȠȗȖȘȐȚ ȒȖȕȧ ȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȒȈȟȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȉ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǺȈȒ Ȑȝ Ȑ șȓȍȌ ȗȘȖșȚȣȓ
ǹȍȓȤȟȈȕȍ șȕȧȓȐ ȠȈȗȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȒȘȍșȚȐȚȤșȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȊȖȚ țȎ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȖȋ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȓȈ-
ȌȍȕȞț ȊȕțȠȐȚ ȔțȌȘȖȍ ǭȑ-ȍȑ ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐȔ ȗȘȖ ȋȘȐȉȣ"
—ǨȕțȌȈȎǨȚȖȗȘȖȟȚȖȎ"ǷȘȖȋȘȐȉȣȐșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ
ǵȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ǷȖȘȖȌȈ ȋȘȐȉȖȊ
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ «ȒȈȏȈȒ» ȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȘȍȉȧȚȐȠȒȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȌ ǰ ȖȕȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȍȓȐȞȍȔȍȘȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ
ȔȣșȓȐ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȓȍșȈȝ ȒȈȒ
ȐȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȐȉȖȊ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ «ȒȈȏȈȒȐ».
ǵȍȔȞȣ Ȏȍ ș șȊȖȐȔ ȓȍȒșȐȒȖȕȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȒȈȔȐ ǰ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ
ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȍșț ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȘț-ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊț țȕȍșȚȐ
șȊȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
ǫȘȐȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȘȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ ȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ
ȒȈȏȈȒȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȐ ȗȈȘț ȊȍȘȝȖ-
Ȋȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȐȔ șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȏȈȟȤȦ șȚȖȧȕȒț
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȗ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔ ȖȚȘȧȌȍ
ǰ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȊȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȒȐ ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȋȕȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȚȘțșȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȌȈȓȐ ȐȔ ȗȍȘȞț

ǰș ǼȒȖțȜȘȖȗ
ǹǳǱǳǻǲǮ

202
ǶȚȘȧȌ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȐ ȍșȈțȓȈ ǫȘȍȒȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȈȔ.
ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ — țșȈȌȤȉȈ, ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖ-
ȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȑ ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ.
ǬȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ Țȍȗȓȣȑ Ǫ ȓȍșț ȗȈȝȓȖ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȋȘȐȉȖȊ
Ȑ ȝȊȖȍȑ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȏȐȔȕȍȍ ȕȖ șȕȍȋț ȕȐȋȌȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȖșȍȕȤ ȟȍȔ ȏȐȔț ǯȊțȒ ȒȖȗȣȚ ȗȘȖȗȈ-
ȌȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȖȗȈȊȠȍȑ ȓȐșȚȊȣ
ǲ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȔ ȟȈșȈȔ Ȍȕȧ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȗțȠȒț ȓȍșȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ
șȈȔȖȑ țșȈȌȤȉȖȑ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȘȐșȒȈȒȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȖȏȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ — șȓȍȊȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȧ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ"
— ǬȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕȈ
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ș șȖȚȕȍȦ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍș
ǯȌȍșȤ șȖȚȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
ǪȍȟȍȘȍȓȖ
— ǿȚȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȐȚ! — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ șȏȈȌȐ
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ș ȋȖȘȒȐ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȘȖȡȐ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȠȓȖ ǯȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ
ȏȈȘȧ Ǫ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȣȓȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ
șȊȍȟȈ țșȈȌȤȉȈ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȈȕșȒȐȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȋȖȘȍȓȖ
ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǪȐșȓȣ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ ǵȍȚ,
ȖȋȕȍȔ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǷȖȓȤȠȐ șȋȖȘȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȧȘ-
ȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȖȊșȒȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓȈ ȉȍȏ țȔȖȓȒț ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȈȧ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȧ ǯȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȚȖȧȓ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒ Șț-
ȎȍȑȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȤȉȣ
ǹ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓȐ Ȋ țșȈȌȤȉț ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȖȘȋȐȍȑ ȘȈșșȚȘȍ-
ȓȈ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȖȋȖ țȋȖȓȒȈ ǲ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ȝȖȘțȕȎȐȑ ǺȖȔȐ-
ȓȐȕ
— Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǷȍȚȘ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ Ȕȣ Ȑȝ șȖȔȕȍȔ
— ǲȖȋȖ"
— ǬȈ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ

203
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ƕȕ ȎȌȈȓ, ȗȖȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȒȖȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȚȤ țșȈȌȤȉț" — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ǺȖȔȐ-
ȓȐȕǶȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǰ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ; ȏȐȔȕȦȦ șȚȖȧȕȒț ȗȖȓ-
ȒȈ
— ǲȖȔț ȖȕȈ ȔȍȠȈȓȈ" ǩȣȓȐ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ ǳȦȌȐ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈ-
ȓȐ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ țșȈȌȤȉț
ǳȦȌȐ ȊȌȣȝȈȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ ǳȦȌȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ǷȍȚȘ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ ǵȣȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞ
ȗȖȚȖȔȒȐ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȑ ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ
ȓȦȌȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȓȐȉȖ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȓȐȉȖ Ȋ
ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ țșȈȌȤȉȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȈ ǶȉȓțȗȐȓȐșȤ
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȖȔȈ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȘȖșȓȐ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȔ ȔȝȖȔ Ȉȓ-
ȓȍȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȍ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȚȘțȉȣ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȣ ȧȘȒȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ
ȚȐȕȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȒȖȕȕȈȧ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȊ ȗȖȏȐ-
ȞȐȦ, ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȔȍȞȒțȦ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȦ
ǵȍȔȞȣ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈȡț-
ȗȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ȖȚȕȧȓ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȓ șȖȚȕȍ
— ǹȈȌȐșȤ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖ ȚȘȐ ȘȣșȤȦ ȔȈȘȠ Ǫȣ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǺȐ-
ȔȖȜȍȍȊȐȟ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕț — ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ
ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚȍ țșȈȌȤȉț ș ȗȈȘȒȈ Ȉ ȧ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕț ȉȈȚȈȘȍȦ
ǲȖȕȕȈȧ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȧ țȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǨȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ Ȑȏ
6-ȚȐ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȊȠȈȧ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ șȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȚȤ
ǷȘȐșȒȈȒȈȓ ȒȈȏȈȒ ȖȚ ǫȘȍȒȖȊȈ ș ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȗȈȓȤȉț ȗȖ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȈȒ
ș ȌȐȒȐȔ țȓȦȓȦȒȈȕȤȍȔ ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ȊȘțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȉȈȚȈ-
ȘȍȐ Ȉ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ ȏȈȕȧȓ țșȈȌȤȉț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȖȚȘȧȌ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ-
șȧ ȚțȠȐȚȤ ȗȖȎȈȘ ǴȈșșȐȊȕȖȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
șȚȘȈȌȈȓȖ ș ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǶȉȋȖȘȍȓ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ ȉȈȘȍȓȤȍȜȣ Ȑ ȗȓȈȜȖȕȣ ȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȈșȍȕȖ
ǹȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȍ ȈȓȓȍȐ ȗȈȘȒȈ ș ȈȕȚȐȟȕȣȔȐ șȚȈ-
ȚțȧȔȐ ȉȍșȍȌȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȦ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ

204
ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍ ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ
Ǫ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȠȓȐ ǫȘȍȒȖȊ Ȑ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ șȚȖȧȓȖ
ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȒȖȘșȐȒȈȕȍȞ ǺțȚ
Ȏȍ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȟȐȚȈȓ
— Ǵȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȔșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȍȔ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǫȘȍ-
ȒȖȊ — șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț
— Ǵȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȠȐȉȓȐșȤ ȊȖȏȓȈȋȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȌȊȖȘȍȞ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȖșȍȚȐȊȠȐȍ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
șȚȍșȕȧȓȐșȤ ǷȖȓ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȗȈȟȒȈȕ ȎȐȌȒȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ
ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȌțȉȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȔȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȗțȓȍȑ — ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȌȣȘȖȟȒȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȔȐ ǪșȦȌț ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȒȐ șȖȓȌȈȚ-
șȒȖȋȖ țȎȐȕȈ
— ǺȈȒ-ș — ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȔȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȓț ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ — ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ țșȗȍȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȒțșȐȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȋȘȍȉ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ
— ǰȔȍȕȕȖ — «ȉȣȓ»... — ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ
— ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȖșȐȓȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȊȈȘȊȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȟȐȕ-
șȚȊȈ ǷȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȍ șȚȈȚțȥȚȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ țȒȘȈȠȈȊȠȐȍ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕțȦ ȋȖȘȒț ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣ ǬțȉȖȊȈȧ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȖșȐȓȈ șȓȍȌȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ
— ǵț Ȑ ȕȈȝȈȔȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ —
ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǫȘȍȒȖȊ șȈȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȖȓȈ — ǿȍȘȚ
Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȊȣșȗȈȚȤșȧ ȕț ȕȈȗȐȚȤșȧ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟțȎȐȔ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȟțȎȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȓȍ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȐȚȤ șȚȈȚțȑ Ȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ
ǪȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȏȈȒ ȊȍȌȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ș șȍȌȣȔȐ ȉȈȒȍȕȉȈȘȌȈȔȐ ȊȖ
ȜȘȈȒȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȘȍȒȖȊ
— ǬȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ ȇ ȉȣ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ — ȘȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȖ ȠȈȔȒȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȖ ș ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȓțȋȐ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȖșȚȧȔȐ

205
— ǵȍȔȞȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȐȟȈȓȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ
ȇ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȉ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕț Ȑ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȍșȚȤ
ȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȝțȌȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȚȤșȧ
— ǯȈȘȈȏ ȗȈȕȍ ǩțȌȍȚ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȐȓȐ ȕȍȔ-
Ȟȣ ǭșȚȤ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȧ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȊȈȘț șȒȈȎț
— Ǩ Ȑ ȗȖȊȈȘ ȍșȚȤ"
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȈȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ
ǷȖȒȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȈȘȖȔ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȚȖȓ Ȑȏ Ȗș-
ȚȈȚȒȖȊ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȍȑ ȗȖșțȌȣ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓȐ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ
ǰȏ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ ȗȖșțȌȣ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈȠȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȖȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ
ǹȚȖȓ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȒȈȓȐȉȍȘȕȖ ȕȖ ȔȐȓȖ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕ,
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞț-ȊȓȈȌȍȓȐȞț ȗȈȝȓȖ
ȎȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȔȧșȖȔ
— ȅ Ȑ ȌȈ Țȣ ȕȈș șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȗȖ-ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐ"
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȈȕȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǵȍȔȞȈȔ Ȕȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȉȘȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ǩ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ Ȕȣ
ȐȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ.
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȊȐȕȈ
— ǵȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ǵȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ"
— ǪȐȕȈ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȇ Ȑ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ
șȓțȠȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ.
— ǵȈȌ ȟȍȔ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ"
— ǬȈ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȈȕȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǵȈȟȈȓȐ
șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȐȕȈ ȇ ȐȔ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ «ǵȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ» Ǩ ȖȕȐ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ «ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ" Ǵȣ Țȍȉȍ ȌȈȌȐȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ»
— ǺȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȍȘȌȐȚȤșȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǲȈȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ" — Țȣ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖ-

206
șȚȐ Ȑȏ țȔȈ ȊȣȎȐȓ ǷȖȌȈȊȈȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȑ
ǷȖȌȈȓ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȊȐȕȈ Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ
ȋȌȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȊȐșȐȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȐȟȈȚȤ ȗȖȦȚ,
ȚȈȕȞțȦȚ ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȐȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ!
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ"
— ǺȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȍȘȌȐȚȤșȧ
ǸȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȘȖȏȐȓȐ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ǷȖȌ țȚȘȖ șȚȈȓȐ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ
șȗȈȚȤ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȘȍȠȐȓ
țșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ șȈȔ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȈȗȍ ȖȚȖȘȖȗȤ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ș Țȍȝ
ȗȖȘ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ"— ȒȘȐȟț — ǺȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘ-
ȗȐȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȈ
ǺțȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȈȕȍ ȖȉȖȏȓȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȐ ©ǲȈȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ» Ǩ ȒȈȒȈȧ ǺȍȕȤ ȥȚȈ ȚțȚ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǸȈȏ Ȋ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ Ȋ țșȈȌȤȉȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȍȕȤ
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǽȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒț ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȐȚ șȒȘȍșȚȐȊ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȏȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȒȐ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȇ șȈȔ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȊȧȕȖ-
șȚȖ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȏȈ ȊșȦ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ
— ǩȘȍȌȕȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȖȕȐ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȌȕȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȐȔ — ǺȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȕȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ ț ȕȈș ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ǷȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȍ ș ȕȈȠȐȔ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȔ ȆȏȍȜȖȔ Ƕȕ ȊȈȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȎȍȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȌțȠȕȣȍ ȓȍȚȕȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȕȍșțȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȐ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ǺȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȈȝ Ȋșȍȋ-
ȌȈ ǫȘȖȏȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȐȔ — ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȔȍȍȚ șȍȘ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ — ǶȋȖ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ — ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȕȖȊȈ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ — ǬȈ ȌȈ!
ǻȔȍȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ
— Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȗȈȕȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ? — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ǫȘȍȒȖȊț Ȑ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕț
— ǵȍȚ, ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ
— ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȎțȚȒȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ.
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣ Ȋșȍ ȏțȉȣ — ȗȈȕ ȌȏȍȌȏȐȞ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȋț-

207
ȓȧȕȒț ǷȖȕȈȊȍȏ Ȑȏ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȣ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ǵȈ-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȈȘȣȕȐ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȗȈȕȖȔ ȌȏȍȌȏȐȞȍȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ Ǩ ȕȈțȚȘȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȣȔȐ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ.
— ǲȚȖ Ȑȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ" — ȕȈȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȓțȋ ȌȏȍȌȏȐȞ ǵȐȒ-
ȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ǩ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǵȈ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋțȓȧȕȒȈ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȕȖ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ©ǩȣȚȤ ȉȍȌȍª — ȌțȔȈȦ ǺȈȒ Ȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǻȚȘȖȔ ȗȈȕȈ
ȌȏȍȌȏȐȞȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ǳȍȎȐȚ ȏȈȝȖȓȖȌȍȓ țȎȍ
Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎț ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȕȈȓȐȓȐ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȌȏȍȌȏȐȞ țȔȍȘ Ǩ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ — ȥȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ
ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ — ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ ǸȈșșȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ? — șȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȗȘțșșȈȒȐ
— ǸȈșșȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȚșȧ ǪȖȚ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ
— ǵȍ ȒȈȘȒȈȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȕ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ
ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ șȗȈȚȤ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ — ǵȍȔȞȣ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȕȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȕȐ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȍȋȖ Țȍ-
ȕȐ ǿȍȗțȝȈ ȥȚȈ ȚȍȕȤ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ țȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȔ ȚȊȖȑ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ Ǵȣ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȚșȧ Țȍ-
ȕȐ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ǿȚȖ ȕȈȔ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ" ǷțșȚȖȑ ȏȊțȒ ǷȘȖȡȈȑ
șȚȈȘȐȒ ǰ țȝȖȌȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔ.
ǰ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȖșȣȗȈȓ
ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖȎȈȘ Ǵȣ ȗȖȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȊȈȓȣ Ȉ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȐȚȤ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋȣ
Ȑȝ ȗȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓȐ
— ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ — ǯȈȟȍȔ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȚȤ țșȈȌȤȉț" ǲȖȔț ȖȕȈ ȔȍȠȈȓȈ" ǯȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȔșȚȐ-
ȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒț Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ
— ǬȐȒȈȘȐ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǫȘȍȒȖȊ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ țȎȐȕ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ ȗȈȕȍ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ — ȧ
ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ

ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȌȖȔȈ, ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȌȍȉȖȠȐȘȐȓȐ
Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȈȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈȝ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȖȚȘȧȌ ǫȘȍȒȖȊȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ǪȈȓȍȊȐ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ ȖȚȖȑȚȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ
ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ țșȈȌȤȉȍ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉțȝȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ ǹȓȍȊȈ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȈȎȌțȦ șȍȒțȕȌț Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉȓȐȒȐ — ȥȚȖ ȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȈȧ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȤ ǫȘȖ-
ȝȖȚ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ șȚȖȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕțȦ ȘțȎȍȑȕțȦ ȚȘȍșȒȖȚȕȦ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȚȍșȕȍȕȣ
ǭșȈțȓ ǫȘȍȒȖȊ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ
ǰ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȒȈȏȈȒȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ț ȖȗțȠȒȐ ȓȍșȈ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ Ȓ ǫȘȍȒȖȊț ȋȓȧȌȧ-
ȡȍȔț Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ǺȖȔȐȓȐȕ
— ǷȍȚȘ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ — ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ țșȈȌȤȉȈ"
— ǪȖȚ ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȋȌȍ? ǵȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȐȚ...
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ ȒțșȚȖȊ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔțȎȐȟȖȕȒȈ
ǲȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ, ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ șȓțȋ
țșȈȌȤȉȣ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ
— ǴȈȚȒȈ ǩȖȏȒȈ ǴȈȚȒȈ ǩȖȏȒȈ ǿȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓȐ" — ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǫȘȍȒȖȊ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȏ
Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȊȠȍȔț Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖȔț ȗȖȓȧȒț
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȍȚ"
— ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ ȧșȕȖȊȍȓȤȔȖȎȕȣȑ ȗȈȕ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȣ ǲȈȒ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ țȠȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ țșȈȌȤȉț ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ
ǰȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ǩ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ-ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ Ȉ șȈȔ șȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ Ǫ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȖȔȣ șȚȘțȎȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȍȋ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ǵȍȔȞȣ șȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȐ șȋȖȘȍȓ Ȑ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ
ǪȍȟȍȘȍȓȖ
ǰ ȚȐȝȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓȈ țșȈȌȤ-
ȉȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ
ȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ

ǰșȎȒȖȟșȎȐ ǱȞ
ȀǮǷǻǮ ǽǮǿȃǶ  ǱǼǲǮ

210
Ǫ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ
ȗȘȖȍȏȎȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȕȈ ǩȓȖȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȔ ȔȈȋȕȈȚȈȔ
ǹȈȓȈȚȒȖ-ǷȍȚȘȐȡȍ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȎȐȓȖȋȖ șȗȓȍ-
ȚȈȓȐșȤ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȑ șȒȈȏȒȐ, ȖȌȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȍȑ Ȑ țȎȈș-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈȘȠȈȊȧȕ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ȗȍȚȘȐȡȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȒȚȖ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ
ȗȈȘȒȈ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊțȦ șȚȍȕț ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȗȘȧȚȈȓȈșȤ ȚȈȑȕȈ
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȖȒțȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȓȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȖȕȈ ȘȖșȓȈ Ȑ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȊȈ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ǫ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȘȖȓȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț — 1916 — ȋȖȌț — ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ǷȈș-
ȝȍ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚ ȏȈȔȒȈ — ȘȈȏȋȈȌ-
ȒȐ ȚȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȊȍȒȈ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȐȓȐ
— ȏȈȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ȅȚț ȓȍȋȍȕȌț ȈȊȚȖȘ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȔ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ Ȑ no șȍȑ ȟȈș șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ȗȖȌ
ǪȈȘȠȈȊȖȑ
CǪȇǺǨȇ ǷǨǹǽǨ - ȋȋ
ǪȈȘȠȈȊșȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍ
ǶȒȖȓȖ  ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȔȈȋȕȈȚ ǹȚȍȜȈȕ
ǹȈȓȈȚȒȖ-ǷȍȚȘȐȡȍ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȌ ǹȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȗȣȚȒȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȔțȟȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ Ȏȍȕț
Ƕȕ ȊȣȒȖȓȖȓ ȍȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȘțȉȐȓ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȘȎȈȊȣȔȐ ȋȊȖȏȌȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȈȋțȦ ȗȘȐȉȐȓ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ șȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȘȒȈ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȗȈșȝȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȊȐșȍȓȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ

211
ǵȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȊȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȑ
ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȑ ȗȈ-
ȓȈȟȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȐ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȐșȒȈȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȌȊȍ ȊȍȘșȐȐ Ȋȣ-
ȗȓȣȓȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȖȒ-
ȘȍșȚȕȣȔ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȈȔ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȔ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȈȕ
ȒȈȏȕȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ Ȏȍȕț ȏȈ ȐȏȔȍȕț ș ȝȖȓȖȗȖȔ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ —
ȕȈȉȖȎȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ-
ȕȈ — ȊȍȌȤȔȈ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȓțȟȠȍ ȖȗȖȋȈȕȐȚȤ ȘțȒȐ șȊȖȐ țȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȟȍȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȋȌȍ ȊȐșȍȓȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ȞȍȕȕȖȍ șȊȧȚȖȍ ȘȈșȗȧȚȐȍ ȘȈȉȣȕȦ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞț ǬȤȧȊȖȓȈ
ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȗȈȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȔțȟȍȕȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ș ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ șȖ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔ
ǰ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȈȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȧȝ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ǰ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ȌȈȓȖ ȗȖȊȖȌ ȔȖȓȊȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
țȉȐȑȞț Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ǵȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȋȖ
ǪȍȌȤȔȈ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȔț țȉȐȑȞȍ Ȑ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȏȈȗȓȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȓȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ șȖ-
ȉȈȒȐ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȓ ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ
ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȗȖȒȖȐ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȣ Ȑ ȗȈȘȒ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȏȓȖȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȈ-
ȕȈ Ǩ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȎȎȍȕȈ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
ǵȖ  ȋȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȥȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȌȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ƕȕ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎț ǬȖȔȐȕȐȒț ȖȝȘȈȕț ȍȋȖ Ȑ țȒȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ țȔȍȘȓȐ ȖȉȈ — Ȑ șȈȔ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒ, Ȑ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎ ǬȖȔȐȕȐȒ ǶȉȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȑ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȌȐȕ — Ȋ ǳȖȕȌȖȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȎ-
ǹȊ ǷȈșȝȈ 1916 ȋȖȌ

212
Ȓȍ ȗȘȐ ȏȈȔȒȍ.
ǵȖȊȈȧ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȐȞȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȘȖȦȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȈ ȏȈȌț-
ȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȕȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǿ Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȈ ȕȐ
ȘȈȏț Ȉ, ȎȐȊȧ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓȈșȤ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȏȈȔȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ Ȉ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȑ șȈȌ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖ — ȏȈȔȖȒ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȗȈȘȒ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȔ ǩȣȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȕȧȚȣ ȌȊȈ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ țșȈȌȤȉȣ
ǲȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȔȍșȧȞ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ
ǲ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȑ Ȑ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ș ȋȓȈȏț ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȕȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȘȖȎ ȏȈȘȍȏȈȓ ȒȕȧȋȐ-
ȕȦ ȏȈȖȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȊ ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ
ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȏȈȔȒȈ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈșȐȓȤ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ — ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȖȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ș ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȗȖȔȍșȚȤȧ ǴȈȘȐȈȕ ǲ ȎȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ Ȋ ǪȈȘ-
ȠȈȊȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ
ȏȈȓȣ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȍȐȚȤ ȖȉȖȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȋȊȖȏȌȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȈ ©ȊȍȌȤȔȈª ȗȍȘȍȕȍș ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ Ȑ
ȖȚșȓțȎȐȓ ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌț ȕȈ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȕȈ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȘȖȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȈȌț ȕȈȌ ȗȘțȌȖȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȕȈȌ-
ȗȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȋȓȈșȐȊȠțȦ ©ǹȊ ǷȈșȝȈ  ȋȖȌª Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ
ȌȊȍȘȤ ȥȚț ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ-șȚȖȘȖȎȈ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǪȈȘ-
ȠȈȊț Ȉ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț
Ǩ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ ȗȘȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȈȋȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ǻȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔț Ȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓ
Ȉ ȕȈ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ǴȖșȒȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ǲțȘșȒȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ țȌȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ
șȚȈȘȐȒ-șȚȖȘȖȎ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț
©ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ȎȌȈȚȤ  ȋȖȌȈ ǰȌțª.
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȏȈȔȖȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȧȍȔȣȑ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ —
ȕȐȒȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ

_____
ǹ șȈȔȖȑ ȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
ȗȈȕȈ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȗȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȝ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ȚȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȍ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȕȐ
ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȖșȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȍșțȚ-
șȧ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ șȚȖȗȣ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȉȘȖȌȧȚ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȎȋțȚ ȒȖșȚȘȣ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ
ǴȖȓȊȈ șȚȖțșȚȈȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ Ȑ țȌȍȘȎț ȗȓȍȓȈ
ȒȓțȉȖȒ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ țȎȈșȖȊ ǰ ȋȌȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȈșȤ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȧ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ țȎȈșȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ — ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȋȈȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȗ-
ȘȧȔȍȞ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ
ǶȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȋȖȌț Ȋ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕțȦ șțȉȉȖȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ
ȋțȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȏȊȈȕȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ șȕȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋȍ-
șȍȓȣȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ
ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȍ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȘțȠȐȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ Ȑ ȝȓȍșȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔ ȗȈȘȒȈ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ ȖȗȖȧșȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȈȋȓȖȝȠțȦ țșȈȌȤȉț
Ǩ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȡȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȘț-
ȌȖȔ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȕȈ ǹȈȓȈȚȒȖ-ǷȍȚȘȐȡȍ ȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ —
ȌȊȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ — ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȊțȝ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȍȡȍ ȌȊȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȍȡȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖ ǻȔȍȘȓȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȖȍ ȒȍȔ-
ȚȖ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟȐșȓȖ ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ǹȊ ǷȈșȝȐ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȍȊ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȝ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȟȍȚȈȝ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ȥȚȐ
șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǰ Ȓ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ ǷȈșȝȍ Ȋ ȘȖȡȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȗȈȕ ȘȈșȗȧȊȠȐȑ Ȏȍȕț ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ  ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
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ǷȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ șȕȍșȓȐ ȚȘț-
ȉȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȚȐȓȐ șȚȍȕț Ȑ șȘȈȊȕȧȓȐ ș ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ ȗȈȊȐȓȤȖȕ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȍ ț ȗȘțȌȈ ȊȣȉȐ-
ȓȐ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȋ ȘȖȡȍ
ǶșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ
Ǫ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȠȚȈȉ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȋȌȍ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȈȧ ȋȊȖȏȌȧȔȐ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȈȦȚșȧ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȣȍ ȖȉȍȌȣ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȧȝ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȈȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȍȏȌȖȊ
Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț ȏȈȔȖȒ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ șȈȔ ȒȈȑȏȍȘ Ƕȕ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ
ȊȣȎȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍ-
ȓȐ ȍȔț
ǵȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȊȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈȧ ȊȖȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȚȤ ș ȊȖȑȕȖȑ Ȋșȍȋ-
ȌȈ ȐȡțȡȈȧ ȏȓȖȉȖȌȕȍȊȕȖșȚȐ țȎȍ șȖȏȌȈȓȈ ȕȖȊțȦ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț ȕȖ-
ȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȌȕȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȐȚȤ ȔȖȋȐȓț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȕȈ — ȎȌțȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ
ȅȚȖ — ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ǼȘȈȕȞ-ǰȖșȐȜ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ Ȑ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ-
ǨȓȐ

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ ǾȜȟșȎȐșȓȐ
ǿǸǮǵ Ǽǯ ǼǱǻǳǾȉȅǳ-ǵǺǳǳ Ǽ ǵǮǾȁǻǳ-
ȄǮǾǳǰǻǳ Ƕ Ǽ ǿǹǮǰǻǼǺ ǯǼǱǮȀȉǾǳ
ǿȁȃǺǮǻǳ

216
— ǵț ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȓȍȏȤȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȟȤ șȒȈȏȒț șȓțȠȈȚȤ
ǲ ȗȍȟȒȍ ȉȖȟȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒ ȔȖȓȟȒȖȔ țȠȐ ȚȖȘȟȒȖȔ
— Ǫșȍ șȍȓȐ?
— Ǫșȍ
— ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ"
— ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ
— ǽȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ǸțșȐ ȉȈȉȒȈ-ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ
țșȓȣȠȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȍȑ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍȒ ȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȒ
ǸȈȏ ȐȌȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ Ȉ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȍȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ — ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ
ȔȍȚȍȚ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȍȚ
— Ǩ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȧ ȉȈȉȒȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ — Ȑȏ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȕȖȋȖ
ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȉȐȚȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚ Ȑ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȕȍ ȋȕȐȍȚ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȟȐȚ ȕȐ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȐȏȘțȉȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȋȕȍȔ șȗȈȓȐȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ
ȌȐȊȖ"
— ǬȐȊȖ ȥȚȖ — ȊȍȘȈ ȘțșșȒȈȧ
— Ǩ ȊȐȌȈȓ șȊȍȟț ȕȈ ȋȖȘȍ — ȋȖȘȐȚ șȊȍȟȈ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ-ȗȓȈȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ țȎ ȧ Ȍțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȍțȉȣ șȊȈȓȐȓ ȘȍȟȒț ȊșȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȋȕȈȓ Ȉ
șȊȍȟȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȐȊȖ"
— ǬȐȊȖ ȥȚȖ — ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȘțșșȒȈȧ
— Ǩ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞț — șțȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȧȔȐ ȔȈȠȍȚ ȔȍȓȦȚ ȎȍȘȕȖȊȈ ȏȍȘȕȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȍ ȔȍȓȦȚ — ȕȍ
șȚȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȉ țȔȖȓț ȋȖȘȈ ȌȈ ș ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȟȒȈȔȐ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȐȊȖ"
— ǬȐȊȖ ȥȚȖ — șȐȓȈ ȘțșșȒȈȧ
— ǵț șȗȈșȐȉȖ ȉȈȉȒȈ-ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈ ȗȖȓȍȟț ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȊșȍȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȎț
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ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐșȒȈȏȒȈ — Ȉ șȒȈȏȒȈ-ȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ
ǭȏȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȉȍȓț-șȊȍȚț ȕȈ ȘȣȎȍȔ ȒȖȕȍ ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖȓȍ ȌȈ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȍȓ Ȗ ȏȍȔȓȍ-ȌȈȘȕȐȞȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȊșȧȒȖȑ
ȚȊȈȘȐ ǩȖȎȐȍȑ Ȗ ȏȊȍȘȍ ȗȘȣșȒțȟȍȔ Ȗ ȗȚȐȞȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ Ȗ Șȣȉȍ
ȘțȌȖȗȍȘȖȑ
ǷȘȐȋȖȎ ȉȣȓ ș ȓȐȞȈ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȟȚȖ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȎȌȐȒȈ
Ȉ Ȗ șȐȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȌȈ ș ȖȋȕȍȔ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ
ǪȖȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ șȐȓȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȧ

217
— ǵȍȚ — ȗȍȘȍȟȐȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ — ȒȈȒ ȧ
Ǩ ȉȣȓ-ȚȖ ǹțȝȔȈȕ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȧ
ǭȝȈȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȏȈ ǲȖȑșȈȚ-ȘȍȒț
ǭȌȍȚ ȉȖȘȖȔ ȉȖȘț ȒȓȈȕȧȍȚșȧ
— ǯȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ șȚȈȘȟȍ ȠțȔȍȕ ȉȖȘ
ǭȌȍȚ ȖȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȖȊȘȈȋț ȒȓȈȕȧȍȚșȧ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ șȣȘȖȑ ȗȍȟȖȘȕȣȑ ȖȊȘȈȋ
ǭȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȗȖȓȦ ȒȓȈȕȧȍȚșȧ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ ȘȈȏȋțȓȧȑ-ȗȖȓȍ
ǰ ȕȈȍȝȈȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȕȈ ȋȖȘț ǲȘțȚȈ ȋȖȘȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȔ ȘȍȗȤȍȔ ȗȖȘȖșȓȈ
ǷȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǹțȝȔȈȕ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ șȐȓȈ-ȋȖȘȈ șȚȈȓȈ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
ǸȈșșȚțȗȐșȤ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȘ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȘȈșșȚțȗȈȓȐșȧ Ȉ ȥȚȈ
șȚȖȐȚ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȕȍȚșȧ
ǶșȍȘȟȈȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ, ȏȈȕȍș ȒȐșȚȍȕȤ
— ǩȣȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǻȌȈȘȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȤȍȠȤ
ǷȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȐȌȐȚ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ șȓȍȏȣ ȚȖȟȐȚ Ȉ ț
ȕȖȋ ȍȍ ȒțȊȠȐȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ
ǰ ȚȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȎȈȧ ȊȍȒ ȉȣ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȗȟȍȑ ȕȍ șȊȖ-
ȌȐȓ
— ǲȚȖ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȒȘȈșȈ" Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȗȓȈȟȍȠȤ"
— ȇ ǯȈȘțȕȈ-ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȕȍșȓȈ ȊȖȌț ȌȈ ȒțȊȠȐȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈ
— ȅȒȈ ȉȍȌȈ
— ǵȖȠț-ȚȖ ȧ ȊȖȌț ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟț-ǯȔȍȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȌț ȕȐ ș ȟȍȔ
ȏȈȘȍȊȍȚ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȖȚ șȓȦȕȣ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȋȖȘȐȚ ǲȘȍȗȒȖ ȓȦȚ
ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ǯȈȋțȉȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȚȞȈ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ Ȋșȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖ-
Ȏȍȋ Ȉ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȕ Ȋȏȧȓ
ǹȚȈȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȋȘȖȏȕȍȑ ȚțȟȐ
— ǷȖȗȈȌȐșȤ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȕȍȔ ȐșȚȖȗȟț
— Ǩȝ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȉȐȓșȧ ǭȓȐȏȈȘ-ȞȈȘȍȊȐȟ ǲȐȘȉȐȚ-ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ǿțȝȓȈȕ-ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȌȖȓȍȓ
ǻȝȔȣȓȤȕțȓșȧ ǹțȝȔȈȕ
— ǹȈȌȐșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧ
— ǬȖȋȖȕȐȚ ȕȈș ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ

218
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȌȖȋȖȕȐȚ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȔț ȎȐȊț
ǹȚțȗȐȓȈ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ǹȚț-
ȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț ȋȖȘȈ Ƕȋ-
ȕȍȘȣȟȈ
— ǵȍ țȑȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȧ, — ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ
— Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȓȍȚțȕ-ȗȖșȒȈȒțȕ ȐȏȓȖȊȟȐșȤ ǬȖșȚȈȕȍȔ ȞȈȘȍȊ-
ȕț ǰ ȊȏȢȧȘȐȓșȧ ȒȖȕȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȈȝ ȌȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ȌȖ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȣ.
ǻȝȊȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȋȘȐȊț ȕȐ ȎȐȊȈ ȕȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȈ
Ȑ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȖ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ
ǯȈȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȋȖȘȈ ȏȈȒȐȌȈȓȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ Ȉ țȎ ȒȖȕȤ-ȚȖ ǹțȝȔȈ-
ȕȖȊ ȓȖȊȐ șȊȐȡȐ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ șȖȒȖȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȟȒț ȌȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ
Ǫ Țȍ ȗȖȘȣ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȓȖȋȖȊȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȋ
ȗȘȧȚȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȓ ǹȗȘȧȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț ȝȊȖșȚ ȠȍȦ ȊȣȚȧȕȍȚ Ȑ ȋȓȧ-
ȌȐȚ ȒȖșȐȚșȧ ȗȖȋȈȕȣȔ ȖȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȝȊȖșȚ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȓȈȗȈȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚȣȟȍȚ
ǰ șȣȏȕȖȊȈ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ
Ǩ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȈ ȏȈȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȕȍ-
ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ țȝȖȔ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ șȓȖȎȐȓ
ǹȓȣȠȐȚ ȒȖȕșȒȐȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ
— ǵȍ țȔȒȕțȓ ȓȐ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț ȒȚȖ" — șȔȍȒȈȍȚ ȏȔȍȑ ǪȣȗȖȓȏ
Ȑȏ ȓȖȋȖȊȈ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȏȈ ȘȍȒț Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȣȓȤ șȚȖȓȉȖȔ
ǯȖȘȖȒ ȉȣȓ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȑ ȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǲȖȓȐ ȚȈȒ — ȘȣȟȐȚ — ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȉȍȓț ȋȘțȌȤ ȊșȗȖ-
ȘȦ ǲȘȖȊȤ Ȑȏ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȊȣȗȤȦ
ǸȈșȒȐȕțȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȗȖȊȖȓȖȒ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȊȍ ǷȖȊȧȓȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ țȌȈ-
ȘȐȓ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ǳȍȚȐȚ ȠȐȗȐȚ
ǶȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȉȍȓȍȓȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǹțȝȔȈ-
ȕț
— ǯȔȍȑ ȋȖȕȐȚșȧ
— ǺȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȔț ȉȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ǷȘȐȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ȏȈ Ȕȍȟ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ.
— ǵȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȐȚȤșȧ Țȣ șȐȌȐ Ȉ ȧ
șȓȍȏț
Ǩ ȏȔȍȑ țȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȑȏ ȕȖȏȌȘȍȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȤ-ȗȍȕȈ Ȑȏ
ȗȈșȚȐ

219
ǹȗȘȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ǹțȝȔȈȕ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȏȈȔȍȠȒȈȓșȧ ȖȉȓȍȚȍȓ ȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȖ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȏȔȍȑ ȒȘțȎȐȠȤ ȧșȚȘȍȉȖȔ" ǨȓȤ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ" — ȏȈ-
ȌȖȘȐȚ ǹțȝȔȈȕ
— Ǩ ȋȓȧȎț ȒȖȋȖ șȢȍșȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȍȘȊȖ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȏȔȍȑ —
Țȍȉȧ ȝȊȈșȚțȕȈ ȈȓȤ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț ș ȒȖȕȍȔ
— ǪȖȚ Ȏȍ ȏțȉȣ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȖȚȖȟȐ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ — ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ǹțȝȔȈȕ Ȑ ȓțȒȕțȓ ȐȔ Ȋ ȏȔȍȧ.
ǩȣȓ ȝȐȚȍȘ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ț ǼȈȔȖȕȈ-ȔțȌȘȍȞȈ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȓȍȚ țȟȐȓ-
șȧ Ǩ ǼȈȔȖȕ-ȔțȌȘȍȞ Ȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȗȖ șȦ ȗȖȘț ȎȐȊȍȚ
ǷȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǻȌȈȘȐȓșȧ
ȖȏȍȔȤ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ
ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȋ ȔȖȘȌț ȗȕțȓ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȊȍȒȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȏȔȍȧ.
— ǷȐȘțȑ ȊȖȘȖȕȣ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ
ǰ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ǺțȚ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓ ȗȖȌȔȧȓ ȗȖȌ
șȍȉȧ
ǻȊȐȌȍȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ — ȏȈȋțȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȑ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȍ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȗȖȋȖȕȧȑ ȒȖȕȧ
Ǩ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȍȔț
— ǳȦȉ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȓȦȚȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȗȖȔȘț Ȉ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ
ȗȖȒȐȕț
ǵȈȌ ǹțȝȔȈȕȖȔ ȏȔȍȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
— ǵȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍșȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ǹȢȍȓ ȧ șȚȖ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȑ ȉȖȟȒț
ȔȍȌț ȊȣȗȐȓ
ǰ ȊȖȘȟȈ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȓȖȋȖȊȖ Ȉ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ǰȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȧ
— ǷȖȒȈȚȐșȧ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍ
ǹȝȖȘȖȕȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȒȐ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ
ǸȍȒȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ țșȖȝȕȐȚȍ
ǻȘȖȕȐȚȍ ȓȐșȚ Ȍțȉȣ ȠȈȚȘȣ
ǷȚȐȞȣ ș ȋȕȍȏȌ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȑȚȍ
Ǻȣ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȣȘȈ-ȏȍȔȓȧ
ǲȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȍȏ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȘȈȌțȋȐ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ

220
ǲȐȕțȓ ȏȔȍȑ ǹțȝȔȈȕȈ Ȋ ȧȔț Ȉ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț Ȓ șȚȖȓȉț ȗȘȐȊȧ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȓȍȎț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȌȈ ȕȈȌțȔȈȦ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈș Ȕț-
Ȓȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ!
ǬțȔȈȓ ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ Ȉ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȏȍȘȕȖ Ȑȏ ȓț-
ȒȖȠȒȈ ȏȈȝȘȈȗȍȓ ȏȔȍȑ
ǹȐȌȐȚ ǹțȝȔȈȕ Ȋ ȧȔȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȋȖȘȦȍȚ
Ȁȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȧȔȣ ȊȖȓȟȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ
— Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȕȖȕȟȍ Ȋ ȧȔȍ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ
—ȇ ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ
— ǹȓȣȝȈȓ ȗȘȖ Țȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ Țȣ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȉ ȏȔȍȑ
Ȑ Țȍȉȧ ȖȌȖȓȍȓ
— ǵȍ șȐȓȖȦ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ǷȖȔȖȋȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȓȒ șȖ-
șȓțȎȐ șȓțȎȉț
— ǸȈȌ ȉȣ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȌȈ ȕȍȟȍȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȧ ȎȐȚȤȧ ȕȍ șȚȈ-
ȓȖ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȢȍȓ ȕȈș ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ȑ șȟȍȚț ȕȍȚ ǽȖȚȤ ȖșȚȘȣ ț
ȕȈș ȏțȉȣ Ȉ ț ȏȔȍȧ ȖșȚȘȍȑ
— ǹȓȣȠȕȖ ȝȘȈȗ-ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȕȍ țȟțȍȚ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȔȖȓȍȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȉ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț Ȓ șȚȖȓȉț
ȘȈȏȊȧȎȐ
ǷȘȐȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȊȖȓȟȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ țȝȖȔ ȊȖȌȐȚ
— ǩȖȦșȤ ȕȍ șȗȐȚ
— ǵȍ Țȍȉȧ Ȕȕȍ țȟȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȠȈȘȐȚȤ ǽȊȖșȚȖȔ
șȓȍȌ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȚȤ
ǹȚȈȓȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȊȖȓȒț
— ǷȖȑȌț ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦ
ǰ ș ȖȋȓȧȌȒȖȑ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȤȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȊȖȓȒ Ȓ șȚȖȓ-
ȉț
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ
ǷȍȘȍȋȘȣȏ ȘȍȔȕȐ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ
Ǩ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ șȒȖȘȍȑ Ȓ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ ȧȔȍ
— ǲȐȌȈȑ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚ Ȋ ȧȔț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǹțȝȔȈȕ
ǹȚȈȓȈ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚ ȒȐȌȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȖ ȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȦȚ Ȑ
ȏȈȧȞ-ȒțȞȣȑ Ȑ ȓȐșȈ-ȗȘȖȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȉȍȓȒȈ-ȖșȚȘȖȋțȉȒȈ Ȑ ȔȣȠȤ-
ȝȓȖȗȖȚțȕ ȒȚȖ șțȟȖȒ ȒȚȖ ȖȝȈȗȒț 
ǮȐȊȖ șȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȒȐȌȈȓȐ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚț ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ ȧȔȣ

221
ǷȖ ȚȖȔț ȗȖ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚț Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ǷȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȞȈ-
ȘȍȊȕȍ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ
ǰ ȏȊȍȘȧȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȊȈȔ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȊȈȠț
ǸȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȊȐȚ ȏȔȍȦ
— ǩțȌȍȚ șȗȈȚȤ-ȗȖȟȐȊȈȚȤ, ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟȐȡȍ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȑșȧ-ȒȈ
șȐȓȖȑ ȔȍȘȧȚȤșȧ ǷȖȋȓȧȎț ȧ ȓțȒȈȊȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ șȒȖȓȤ țȌȈȓ Țȣ Ȋ
ȟȍșȚȕȖȔ ȉȖȦ
ǬȐȊț ȌȈȓșȧ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȡȍȘȐȓșȧ
Ǩ ǹțȝȔȈȕ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— ǵȈ-ȒȖșȤ ȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǰ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐșȧ
ǯȔȍȑ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȗȈȓȐȚ ȌȈ ǹțȝȔȈȕț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ Ȗȋȕȧ
ǯȔȍȑ ȒȖȘȍȎȐȚșȧ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖȘȖȊȐȚ ǹțȝȔȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȋȈ
ȗȖȌȌȍȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖȊȖȒ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ǷȖȌȕȧȓ ȏȔȍȧ Ȓ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ,
ȏȈȝȘȧșȚȍȓȐ ȏȔȍȍȊȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ
— Ƕȝ — ȊȏȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȏȔȍȑ — ȖȚȗțșȚȐ
— ǶȚȒțȗȐșȤ
— ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ǹȒȘȣȕȐ-ȘȍȒȐ ȧ ȒȓȈȌ șȝȖȘȖȕȐȓ ȉȍȘȐ ȒȓȈȌ
— ǴȈȓȖ
— ǷȖȌ ǵȐȜȖȚ-ȋȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȒȖȗȈȓ ȧ ȓȈȘȍȞ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȓȈȘȞȍ ǼȈ-
ȔȖȕȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ǷȖȋȓȧȌȐȠȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ.
ǩȍȘȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
— ǴȈȓȖ
— Ǫ ǺțȓțȕȤ-ȗȍȟȖȘȍ ȒȖȘȍȞ șȚȖȐȚ ș ȉȘȖȕȍȑ șȖȓȕȞȍȊȖȑ ȉț-
ȌȍȠȤ ȗȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍ șȖșȚȈȘȐȠȤșȧ ȉȍȘȐ ȒȖȘȍȞ
— ǴȈȓȖ
ǹȔȍȒȕțȓ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈȌ ȏȔȍȍȔ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ǹțȝ-
ȔȈȕ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȐȓ ȗȖȕȈȚțȎȐȓșȧ, țȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȘțȒ
ȍȋ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȏȈșȒțȓȐȓ Ȑ ș ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ
— ǵȍȓȈȌȕȖ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ — ȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ — ȗȖȒȖȓȤ ȎȐȊ
ȏȔȍȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȉȍȌȣ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȖȓȟȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ ȧ ȉ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȔ ȗȖșȓȈȓ
Ǩ ȊȖȓȟȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ țȎ ȚțȚ ȒȈȒ ȚțȚ ǪȖȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖș
— Ǩȝ ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǪȖȘȖȚȐȚ-
șȧ ȏȔȍȑ ȌȈ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖșȖȉȐȓ Țȍȉȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȊȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȓȖȊȐȚ

222
— ǵȍ ȚțȎȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȑ șȣȡȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȕȧ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ"
— ǸȣȎȐȑ
— ǴȈȓȖ ȓȤ ȘȣȎȐȝ ȒȖȕȍȑ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȣșȒȈȚȤ
ǲȘȍȗȒȖ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ țȝȖȔ ȊȖȌȐȚ
— ǹȚȖȑ ȚțȚ ȕȍ șȝȖȌȐ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ǰ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȊ
ǹȚȖȐȚ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȍȚșȧ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȗȧȌȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓȖ ȗȖȓȍ
ȏȈțȝȈȓȖ ȚȖȗ ȌȈ ȓȐȝȖȍ ȘȎȈȕȤȍ șȒȈȟțȚ ȒȖȕȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȑ
ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȋȖȕȧȚ ȒȖȕȍȑ șȍȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȒȐ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȌ
ȉȍȎȐȚ ȊȖȓȟȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ
— ǲȓȐȟȤ șȊȐȡȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ
Ǩ ȒȖȕȤ ǹțȝȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ șȈȔ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȔȈȠȍȚ
ǹȍȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț
— ǬȖȋȖȕȧȑ-ȒȈ ȏȔȍȧ.
ǰ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ
ǹȒȈȟȍȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȏȔȍȧ Ȉ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓșȧ ȏȔȍȑ ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȌȈ ȓȈȗț ȓȐȎȍȚ
ǰ ȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȉȘȣȏ-
ȕțȓȖ
ǪȣȚȍȘ Ȕȍȟ Ȗ ȚȘȈȊț ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ǯȈȘțȕț-ȞȈȘȍȊȕț
ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȋȏȧȓ
— ǩȍȏ ȗȖȔȍȝȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȐȚȤ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ Ȑ ȒȓȈȌ Ƕȋȕȍ-
ȘȣȟȈ Ȑ ǼȈȔȖȕȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȉȘȖȕȧ ǹȖȓȕȞȍȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȍ
ǻȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ǯȈȘțȕȈ
ǰ ȏȈȗȍȓ ǹțȝȔȈȕ
ǸȈșȞȊȍȓȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǯȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǹțȝȔȈȕț ș ǯȈȘțȕȖȦ ȏȓȈȚ ȊȍȕȍȞ Ȉ șȒȈȏȒȍ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ȅȝ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȒȈȠȐ ȍȓȐ ȌțȠȒȐ-ȚȖ ț ȊȈș ș ȊȖȘȖȉȤȐ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȖș ǹȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȉȈȉȒț-ȌȖȋȈȌȒț ȒȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ǯȈ-
ȘțȕȈ-ǾȈȘȍȊȕȈ
—ǨȒȚȖ"
— ǺȖ-ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ǸțșȤ-ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ.
— Ǩ ȏȔȍȑ-ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟ"

— ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈȠ
— Ǩ ǹțȝȔȈȕ-ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ"
— ǵȈȘȖȌ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ǺȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ
ǵț ȉȘȣșȤ ș ȗȍȟȐ ȌȍȌț șȗȈȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ

ǮșȓȘȟȓȗ ǾȓȚȖȕȜȐ
ǾǮȀǻȉǷ ǽǼȍǿǼǸ
ǵȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȘȍȋ
ǰȓȓ ǳ ǭ

ǮȞȘȎȒȖȗ ǯȡȣȜȐ
Ƕǵ ǼǯǹǮǿȀǶ ǿȁǳǰǳǾǶȍ

231
ǭșȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ, șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȈșȚȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȗșȐȝȐȒȍ ȥȚȖ — ȊȍȘȈ Ȑ șțȍȊȍȘȐȍ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ șțȍȊȍȘȐȍ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔȐ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȓȍȗȖ-
șȚȧȔȐ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧ
ȇ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ țȎȍ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȋȈȌȈȓȖȒ ȝȐȘȖȔȈȕȚȖȒ
ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ Ț ȗ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȧ
ȕȈȞȐȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȌțȔȟȐȊȖȑ ȚȘȍȏȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȇ ȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȦ Ȗȉ ȈȔțȓȍȚȈȝ ȕȖșȐȔȣȝ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ șȈȔȣȝ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ
țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ǬȈȎȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȐ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȊȍȘȧȡȐȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȓȉȈ-
șț ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȐȏȒȖȗȘȖȉȕȖȋȖ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧ ǵȐȎȍ Ȋȣ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȚȍ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ș ȈȔțȓȍȚȖȊ șȕȧȚȣȝ ș ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ȊȏȧȚȣȝ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ ș ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ©ǩȓȦȝȍȘª ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔȐ ǲȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȗȍȚțȠȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȐ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ȕȈȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȍ ș
ȞȍȓȤȦ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȧ ȖȚ ȗȓȍȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȕ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȔȈșș ȈȔțȓȍȚȣ ȕȍ Ȋ ȝȖȌț ǲȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȐȑ
ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȐȌțȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț țȎȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ ȍȔț ȗȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȔ ȕȍ
ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȊȍșȐȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȔȍȌ-
ȕțȦ ȗȚȐȟȒț ȐȓȐ ȖȓȖȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȈ ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ Ȗș-

232
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȏȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ©șȊȖȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈª ȖȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟ ǰ ȊȖȚ
ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ șȗȍȒțȓȧȕȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ȋ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȝ ȒȖȘȣșȚȕȣȝ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȝ ǶȕȐ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ș ȖșȖȉȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȖȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȌȍȠȍȊȣȔȐ ȓțȉȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȔȐ
ǹ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȧ Ȑ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȘȈȌȐ Ȑȝ Ȋȧȡȍȑ ȒțȘȤȍȏȕȖșȚȐ — ȖȕȐ
ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓțȉȖȟȕȣȝ ȉȘȖȠȦȘ
ǪȖȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ
ǶȚ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȝ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȓȤ
«Ǫ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȚȍȘȍȔț Ȋ ǷȖȕȐȏȖȊȤȍ ȏȈ ȘȍȒȖȦ ǪȖȓȋȖȦ
șȚȖȐȚ ȒȘȈșȕȈ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ șȚȖȐȚ-ȗȖȒȘȈȠȈȍȚșȧ, ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȓȦ-

233
ȌȧȔ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ ȘȈȚȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȒȘȈșțȍȚșȧ Ǫ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ Șț-
Ȓȍ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȗțȓȐ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȧ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȔȍȌȕȣȧ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȒȈ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȧ. Ǻȣ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ ȖȚȉȍȘȐ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ȚțȘȍȞȒȐȧ
ȚȈȚȈȘșȒȐȧ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȧ ȟȍȘȒȍșșȒȐȧ ȘțșșȒȐȧ ȔȖȘȌȖȊșȒȐȧ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ Ȑ șțȗȖșȚȈȚȖȊ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȚȐ Țȣ șȊȖȍȦ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȦ șȐȓȖȦ ȘțȎȤȧ ȊȘȈȎȐȧ ǩțȌțȚ ȓȐ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȘțȎȤȧ
ȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗțȓȐ — ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȗțȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗțȓȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȐ ȗțȓȐ
ȊȖ șȣȘț ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊȖ ȟȐșȚȖ ȐȖȓȍ Ǩ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȐ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȟȍȓ Ȑ
ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔ Ȉ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȔȖȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȗȈȕȞȐȘȧ ǯȈȔȣ-
ȒȈȦ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȕȣȧ șȓȖȊȍșȈ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ Ȉ ȒȓȦȟ ȒȐȌȈȦ Ȋ
ȖȒȍȈȕ-ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȦȟ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȈȓȈȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȦ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
șȣȝȈȚȤ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȓȦȟȍȑ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗțȓȧȔ ȕȍ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ ȐȔ ȗȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȍȒȈ
ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤ
ǪȖȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ

234
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȔȍȟȈ Ȑ șȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȝ țȌȈȘȖȊ
ǲȖȊȈȕ ecu, ȉȘȈȚ ǹȈȔ ȍșȐ ȖȓȖȊȧȕ Ȉ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȊȖ-
ȡȈȕȖȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȊȖȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȧ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍș ȕȍ țȒțșȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȈȑ ȗȍș ǶȉȈ ȍșȔȣ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǲȖȓȐ țșȔȖȚȘȦ Țȧ
ȖȟȐȔȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȉȖȐȚșȧ ȚȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȐȝ
Ȗȟȍȑ țșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȧ
ǭȡȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȐȡȈȓȍȑ șȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ
ǭșȚȤ ȔȖȘȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ȈȓȈȚȣȘȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȍ șȐȌȐȚ ȔțȎ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȞȈȘȤ Ȋȣ-
șȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍșȈ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȖșȖȝȖȔ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ — ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȌȖ ȏȈ-

235
ȗȈȌȈ ȖȚ ȦȋȈ ȌȖ șȍȊȍȘȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȖȌȗȍȘȠȐșȤ ȏȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ
șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȚȧȔ țȒȓȈȌț ȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔț Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔț Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȍ — Ȏȍȓȍȏț ȓȐȚȖȔț șȚȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȔȍȌȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȊȐȕȞț Ȑ ȖȓȖȊț ȟțȋțȕț Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘț
Ȑ ȧȌȘȈȔ ȗȖȌȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȧȌȘȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȧ Ȑ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȧ Ȋ ȔȈȚȍȘȤ
șȊȖȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȉȈ ǩȖȎȐȧ (ȐȔȧȘȍȒ Ȉ șȚȘȍȓȣ
șȚȘȖȋȈȕȣȧ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȖ — Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȏț Ȑ Ȋ șȖșȕț Ȑ Ȋ ȧȉȓȖȕȤ Ȑ Ȋ Șȧ-
ȉȐȕț Ȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȤȧ Ȋ ȗȚȐȞț Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȤ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȕȍȧ Ȋ Șȣȉț Ȉ ȘȣȉȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ».
ǲȘȖȔȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȡȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ
ǪȖȖȉȡȍ oȚ ȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ
ǳȍȚȐȚ ȖȘȍȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ǽȊȈȓȣȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȓ ȒȘȍȔ-
ȕȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍȔȕȐȞȣ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȣȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȒȐȕțȓ ȋȘȖȔȖȊț șȚȘȍ-
ȓț ȊȖ șȣȘț ȏȍȔȓȦ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȖȚȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȒȘȍȔȕȧ Ȑ ȒȘȍȔ-
ȕȐȞȣ ȐșȒȘȈ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȖȑ șȚȘȍȓȣ ȗȖȓȣȔȧ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ
ȋȘȖȏȕȈȧ ȚțȟȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȓ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ
ȗȖȒȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ șȍȓȐȚȘȈ ȗȖȘȖȝ șȔȐȘȕȣȔ-șȔȐȘ-
ȕȍȝȖȕȤȒȖ ǲȈȒ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ ȐșȒȘȣ Ȑ ȗțȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȣ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȧȌȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗțȏȣȘȐ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȚȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚ ȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȐ ȗȘȧȌȈȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȝ-șȍȓȐȚȘȈ ǹȓȖȊȖ
ȔȖȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ.
ǹȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ ȘțȎȍȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȖȚ ȘțȎȤȧ
ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȕȈ ǩțȧȕȍ ȋȖȕȐȚ ǰȓȤȧ
ȗȘȖȘȖȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞȍ ȋȘȖȔ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȕȈȌ Țțȟȍȑ
ȚțȟȈ ȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ șȐȧȍȚ ȋȘȖȔ ȋȘȧȕȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȗȖȘȖȝ

ȏȈȓȤȍȚ ǷȍȕȈ ȐȏȣȌȍ Ȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖșȚȧȕ ǲȈȒ ȘȈȉȈ-ȘȈȉȐȞȈ N
ȔȍȟȍȚșȧ, șȖ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȖȎȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȉȣ ț
ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȈ N, ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȗțȓȐ ȘțȎȍȑȕȣȧ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ
ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ǲȈȒ ȖȚ ȒȖȟȍȚȈ ȕȍȚ ȧȑȞȈ ȚȈȒ ȖȚ Șț-
ȎȤȧ ȕȍȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȕȤȧ ǲȓȦȟ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǨȔȐȕȤ
ȚȘȐȎȌȣ).
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȔț ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕțȎȕȣ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȕȖ ȘȈȏ ȍșȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȐȏȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȍȘȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȕȐȔȐ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȋȓțȗȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ

ǻȖȘȜșȎȗ ǾȡȒȓțȘȜ
ǴǳǹȀǮȍ ǸǾǮǿǮǰǶȄǮ
ǰȓȓ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ

238
Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ țȎȈșȕȈ ǻȎȈșȕȈ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȒȘȖȊȐ
țȎȈșȕȈ ȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȍȔȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ ȋȘțȌȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ"
— Ǫȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ
— ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȖȑȕȈ — ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ǷȖȉȣȊȈȊ Ȋ
ȍȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȒȖȋȚȧȝ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ ȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕțȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ǳȖȎȈșȤ ȍȎȍ-
ȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȍȌȈȧ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ
Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȟȍȕȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȍȑ ǬȈȎȍ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ǫȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚț Ȑ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚȍ Ȑȝ ȞȍȕȐȚȤ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ȖȝȊȈȚȧȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍ șȒȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȉȖȍ-
ȊȣȔ ȗȖȓȧȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȍȘȊȖ-
ȉȣȚȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȈȔȗȈ — ȗȘȖșȚȈȧ
ȒțȝȖȕȕȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ șȔȍȕȐȊȠȈȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȍȟț — ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȓȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȔȍȘȚȤ ș ȍȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȈȒșȍș-
șțȈȘȈȔȐ ǪȍȌȤ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȗțȋȈȍȚ ȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȧ Ȉ ȏȘȍ-
ȓȐȡȍ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț
ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȠȤșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ǶȒȖȓȖ
ȊȈș ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȒȖȘȟȈȚșȧ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȊȈș ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȎȍȚ Ȋȣȓȍ-
ȚȍȊȠȐȔ ȔȖȏȋȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȝȓȣȕțȊȠȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍ-
Țȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ

239
ǲȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȑ ǷȈȊȠȐȝ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚ șȚȈșȒȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȉȡțȦ
ȔȖȋȐȓț ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȖȔȤȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȎțȚȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȡȍȑ ȏȈȒȐȗȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȖȑ Ȓțȝ-
ȕȍǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȖȚȊȈȎȈȚșȧ ȗȘȖȑȚȐșȤ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȏȈ
ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȋȘȈȌț ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐȡȈ ȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȖșȚȈȕȒȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ"
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ
— ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȡȐȕȈ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȏȉȈȓȔȖȠȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȞȈ ȘȐșȒȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȤ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȓ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȘȍșȚț ǲȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋȣ șȚȈȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ șȐȓȧșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȊȖȑȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ" Ǩ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȚȍȔ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȠțȚȒȐ
Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ ȗȖ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔ ȗȖ ȖȗȐ-
șȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȕȈșȓȣȠȒȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȗȓȖȠȕȈȧ ȕȐȊȈ țșȍȧȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ șȚȍȉȓȧȔȐ șȎȈȚȖȋȖ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȈȧ
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȈȗȈȝȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ țșȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑ șțȝțȦ
ȋȓȈȌȒțȦ ȗȖȟȊț
Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ ȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ș ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȊșȍȓȧȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ"
— ǵȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ
— Ǫ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȓțȝȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔ
ȗȈȓȈȚȖȒ ȕȍșșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȘȈșȒȈȚȐșȚȣȑ ȝȘȈȗ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ǲȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ
ȊȈș ȋȘȖȉ ș țȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȑ șȘȍȌȐ
ȗȖȓȧ" Ǫȣ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȓȐ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȊȣȊȍȘȕțȚȤ șȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȌȖșȖȒ ȕȈȒȖȓȖȚȤ ȡȍȗȖȒ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȐȗȧȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȈȠ ȟȈȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȚȖȓ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȔȤȦ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ șȒȖȓȖȚȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȊȍȘȤ"
— ǹȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ

240
— ǵȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȚȖȓȒȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ Ǫ șȐȓț
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȍ-
ȞȖȊ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȚȖȧȡȐȍ
șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȓȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȉȣ ȖȉȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȣȘȣȔ ȒȐȘȗȐ-
ȟȖȔ Ȑ șȖȓȖȔȖȑ ǪȈȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȕȍȌȖ-
șȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧ
ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǬȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ — ȊȖȑȕȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȚțȗȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȌȖ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȘȈȝȖȊȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ
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Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȧșȕȣȝ ȏȐȔȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ
ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ ǪȖȑȕȈ țȎȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȔ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ ȏȐȔȕȐȑ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȐȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ ǴȖȘȖȏ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȟȕȍȊȈȚȖ-șȍȘȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȌȈȓȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ șȕȍȋȈ ǳȐȠȤ ȍȓȍ-
ȍȓȍ ȕȈșȣȗȈȕ Ȗȕ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȖȘȖȏȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȍȕ ȕȈ
ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖșȚȧȝ ȒȘȣȠ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ Ȉ ȗȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ ȒȈȚȧȚșȧ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȐ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȍ-
ȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȓȍȚȈ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ
ǶșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȝȖȚȐ Ȓ ȊȍȘȠȐ-
ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȔȈ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȗȗȈ.
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ǵȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ țȎȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȒȐȘȗȐȟ
Ȑ șȖȓȖȔț șȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
șȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȒȘȣȠȒț
ǶȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦșȤ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț
Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȎȌț ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ
șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ ȘȈȏȔȈȓȍȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȍȌȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈ

241
ǪȖȚ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ șȕȧȚȈ ǵȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȖ-
ȕȧȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȋȘȖȉț — ȘȈȏȖȌȍȚȈȧ Ȋ ȗȍ-
șȚȘțȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊțȦ ȚȒȈȕȤ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȊȍȘȚȒȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȈȧ, ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ
ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ
ǪșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ
țșȖȗȠȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ
Ȑ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ țȓȖȊȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȝ ȋțȉ ȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ
șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȈȎȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋțȉȣ ȎȐȊȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȉ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘ-
ȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșȕȐȞ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȈȏț ȖȏȈȌȈ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȍȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȝȓȈȌȕȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȍȔ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ

242
©ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȕȐȔȖ-țȔȍȘȠȈȧª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȘțȔȧȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȡȍȒȍ ȚȘțȗȈ Ȓ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǵȍȚ ǺȍȓȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȖȟȍȕȍȊȠȐȔ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȏȠȐȔ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȈ ǵȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ
ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȊȏȌȘȈ-
ȋȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȒ" ǬȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦșȤ ǫțȉȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ƞȍ-
ȊȍȓȧȚșȧ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȍȘȊȣ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȈ-
ȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ ȐșȒȖșȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ țȋȈȌȈȓȐ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" Ǫșȍ
ȉȓȍȌȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔ țȎȈșȍ ǯȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ ȗȖȌ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖȋȖ
©ǵȐȒȈȒ ȉȘȈȚȞȣ ȊȍȌȤȔȈª — ȊȌȘțȋ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ
©ǪȍȌȤȔȈ ȊȍȌȤȔȈª — ȌȐȒȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ Țț
Ȏȍ șȍȒțȕȌț ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȕȖȋ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ Ȍțȝ
ȗȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȏȓȖȑ ȗȈȝȖȚȐ.
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȏȌȖȘ — ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȐ — ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ ȊȍȌȤȔȈȝ"
ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ ǰ șȖȉȘȈȊ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ
ȧ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ
ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȈ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȋ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ǭȡȍ șȗȈșȐȉȖ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȍ ǵȍ ȗȘȐȚțȗȐ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȔȖȦ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ǪȈș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ"
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ
ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȋțȉȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ...
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȑ șȓțȝ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȜȘȈȏț ȕȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣ-
Ȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȔ șȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȈ
©ȇ ȗȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ»
Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ

243
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȗȐșȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȧ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȍ-
ȚȈ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ ǯȍȓȍȕȍȓȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȓȈ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȘȈȊȒȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋ Ȑ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȘȍȒ ǵȈȠ ȗȖȓȒ țȎȍ
șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ țȗȈȒȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ
ǪȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ țȓȍȋȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȐȘȖȕȐȍȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȎȍȓȚțȦ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞț ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖ
ȧ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȓȐȠ-
ȕȦȦ ȘȦȔȒț Ȉ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ,
șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ
țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ"
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍȚ
ǸțȒȖȊȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ
ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȐȌț Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȔț ȝȖȓȔț ȇȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȐ ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȚȍȔȗȖȔ
ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȝ șȖșȚȈȊȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉ țȕȣȓȣȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȎț Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ
șȔȍȓȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ǷțșȚȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ Ƞȍȓȍș-
ȚȧȚ ȖȚ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ ȓȐșȚȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȍȑ
ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȊȠȈȧ ȔȖȦ ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ șȐșȚȍȔț" ǶȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȒȘț-
ȋȖȔǵȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȗȍșȚȘȍȦȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ǷȖȌ-
ȝȖȎț Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȋȓȖȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȉȘȣȊ-
ȒȖȊ ȊȣȠȐȚȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȚȘțȗ
Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǲȈȒ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ Ƕȓȍȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȍȦȡțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ țȎȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȘȖȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȊțȟȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ ǷțȠȒȐ-
ȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȧȌȐ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș
ǵȈȋȐȉȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȉȣȓȖȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȈ-
ȋȐȊȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ
ǴȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ Ȋ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȈȝ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȖȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ

244
Ǩ ȔȖȑ șȓțȝ ȔȖȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȝ ȓȖ-
ȊȐȚ ȕȍșțȡțȦșȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȕȐȏț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȜȘȈȏț
©ȇ ȗȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ»
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ Ȉ ș ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖȔ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ș
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȍș Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ ǸȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ ȟȍȔȖ-
ȌȈȕ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠțȦșȧ șȘȍȌȐ
ȉȍȓȤȧ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȗȘȧȌȤ
ȇ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘ-
ȔȈȕȍ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȉȊȧȏȈȓ ȍȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȔȈȚțȠȒȐ-ǪȖȓȋȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȔȖșȚȈ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȊȈ-
ȋȖȕȈ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȗȈȚȘȖȕ Ȋ ȘȍȒț Ƕȕ
Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȊșȒȐȕțȊ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȓȍȋȓȖ ȖȚ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
ȕȖ ȒțȗȐȊ ȕȈ ȚțȓȤșȒȖȔ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ Țț
Ȏȍ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȗȘȧȌȤ
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Ǫȣ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȧ — ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȣȑ — șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ țȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȟȕȣȝ țȏ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȠțȚȒȖȑ ȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ȉțȌț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȍȕ
ǪșȍȔț ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ
ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
Ǫȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚȍ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȗȘȖ ȌȊȍ
șȊȖȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ șȊȐȚȤ ȔȐȓȖȍ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȣȠȒȖ
ǴȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ.
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȒȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȓȈșșȈ Ȋ ȒȓȈșș Ȑ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ
Ȋșȍ Țȍȗȓȍȍ Ȋșȍ șȊȍȚȓȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈș ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȓȈ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȇ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȘȣȌȈȦȡțȦ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ

245
ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȊ ȗȈȗȈȝț
Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȒȘȣȓ ȖȚ
ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ǵȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ǷȖ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ
ǶȕȈ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȈ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȍȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ, ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ
ǪșȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȖ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ǵȐȕȈ ȏȈȉȍȎȈȓȈ ș
ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȝȖȓȖșȚțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ǷȐȓȐ ȟȈȑ ǪȍșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȓȐ Țȍ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈ-
ȎțȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ, Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȍȕȡȐȒț ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȓȈȔȗț
ǲȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȉ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȍ ǵȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȈ
©ǶȚȒȘȖȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧª
ǲȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȔȖȍ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ
©Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȣª —șȘȈ-
ȏț ȘȈȏȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȓȈșȤ ǵȐȕȈ — ©ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȠȤ"ª
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
©ǶȚȒȘȖȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȇ ȝȖȟț Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
Ȋșȍª
©Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȒȖȚȍȕȖȒ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ
ȒȘȖȔȍ Țȍȉȧ ǲȓȧȕțșȤ ȟȍȔ ȝȖȟȍȠȤª
©Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȟȚȖª — ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȓȈȉȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȠȈȘȐȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
Ǫ ȘțȒȍ ǵȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȎȈȚȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖ-
ȓȖș
ǲȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ
ȏȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȧ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȟȈ ǻȎȈșȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȑ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗțȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȋ ȧ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ"
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȐȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȔ
ǭȍ ȔȐȓȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ-ȔȈȚȤ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓȈ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȣ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ Ȑ

246
ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǲȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȎț ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ș ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ ȉȍȓțȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȐșȝțȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǵȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȍ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ șȖ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧșȤ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ǵȖ
ȊȖȚ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǵȈ șȚțȓȍ Ȋ țȋȓț ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȕȖȋȐ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ —
șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ Ǫ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ș ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ ȏȔȍȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȖȑ
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈ-
ȚȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȠȍȊȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǵȐȕȈ
ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȊȗȐȓȈșȤ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȘȈȟȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȐȓțȥȚ
©ȅȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȊȖȧ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ șȦȌȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ"»
— ǷȘȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ — ȏȈȘȣȟȈȓ ȧ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ șȚțȓ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ țȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȑ
ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǵȐȕȣ
ǪȈș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ" — ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
ȅȚȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ǪșȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǵȍ șȒȈȎț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȓȦȉȐȓ Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ Ȓ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȓ ȌȖȔȈȠ-
ȕȍȔț ȖȟȈȋț Ȓ ȌȍȚȒȈȔ Ǫ ȔȖȐ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȈȔȍȟȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ǶȕȈ
— ȖȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ǲȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ șȊȈȌȤȉț ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ǹȉȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȘȈȒȖșȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȧ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȐȓǪȖȚ ȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ǷȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȍȚ ǶșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǶȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȊȍȘȞȈ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȉțȌțȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȕȍȓȤ

ǵȖ ȚțȚ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍȟȚȖ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȍ ǲȈȒ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȘȌȈȔȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
ǰȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ǹ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȝȘȈȗȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȘȊȈȕțȓȐșȤ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȊȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȣȉȣ Ȑ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǲȈȘȍȚȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȗȖȌ
ȕȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȍȕȍȟȕȖȔ
ȕȈȘȧȌȍ
ȇ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ șțȌȤȉȈȔȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȧȌȤȦ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș...
ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȋț ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ"
ǲȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȗțȚȐ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ"
Ǩ Ȋȣ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ"
ǵȍȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț țȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ
șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ.

ǻȖȘȜșȎȗ ǸȎȞȎȕȖț
ǮǻǱǳǹ ǿǺǳǾȀǶ
ǰȓȓ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ

249
Ȗȑ ȏȈȚȐȝ
ǹ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ șȍȌȖȦ
ȗȍȓȍȕȖȦ șȔȘȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȣ-
Ȕț ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ Ȑ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȔȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȈșșȈȔȐ ȌȊȐȋȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ©șȍȘȣȝ» Ȑ «șȐȕȐȝª ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ǹ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ — ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǺȤȔȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȧȓȈ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȑȞȖȊ ©șȐȕȐȍ»
țȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȚțȌȈ — Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȗȘȍȌȋȖȘȐȑ ©șȍȘȣȍª ȕȈȏȈȌ
Ȋ Țț șȐȕȍȦȡțȦ ȓȍșȕțȦ ȌȈȓȤ ǵȐ Țȍ ȕȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȍ șȖȟȓȐ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ
șȗȖȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ
ǺȤȔȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȤȔȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȈ. ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȔȘȈȒȈ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ șȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȋȘȖȔ ȉȖȧ ǹȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȚțȟȐ ȗȖ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȋȖȘ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȏȈȊȣȓ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȘ-

250
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȘȖșȓȧȝ ȠȍȊȍȓȧ ȋȘȐȊȈȔȐ ȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ
ȖȌȍȎȌȣ țȉȐȚȣȝ ǰ ȔȕȐȚșȧ — ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȣȠȈȚ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȉțȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȚȘțȗȣ
ǺȐȝȐȑ șȚȖȕ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ șȓȣȠȍȕ Ȋ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȕȐȧȝ ȓȍȌȍȕȧȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǹȚȣȕțȚ ȚȍȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȈȦȚ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȓțȎȐ ǸȈȉȖȚț șȊȐȕȞȈ
Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȔȖȘȖȏ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȐ ȏȓȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȐ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȊȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ©șȍȘȣȍª Ȑ ©șȐȕȐȍª
ǺȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȏȐȔȕȧȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȈȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
— ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍ-
ȓȣ ȋȌȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘț ȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȦ Ȕȣ-
șȓȤȦ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓȐ — Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ — ȉȖȑ-
ȞȣǹȊȧȚȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȈ ǵȖȟȤ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȑ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȍȓȒȐ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȌȍȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ șȔȧȋȟȈȍȚșȧ șȈȔȖȍ șțȘȖȊȖȍ ȟȍȘșȚȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȈ ǯȈȕȍ — ȥȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȈȌșȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖȑ șȒȖȘ-
ȉȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ǵȖȟȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ — ǵȖȟȤ ȋȕȍȊȈ
ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȧ
ǩȓȈȎȍȕȕȣ — țȉȐȍȕȕȣȍ ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ țșȕțȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȊȍȒ
ǰ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȏȈșȖȝȠȐȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ ȒȖșȕȍȦȡȐȔ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȐȓ ǩȖȋȈ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǺȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȏȐȔȕȧȧ ȕȖȟȤ
ǪȖȚ — ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ȔțȚȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ
ȊșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤșȧ—ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ". ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ". ȋȌȍ ȕȈȠȐ"
— ǩȘȈȚȞȣ ǩȘȈȚȞȣ. ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ
ǺȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ȖȟȕțȊȠȍȍșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉțȌȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ǴȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȍȕȧ
©ǰȌțȚ ȗȈȓȧȚ ȉȍȋțȚ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȠȚȣȒȐ țȘȈ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȐȘ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȍȋțȚ ȔȍȟțȚșȧ “șȐȕȐȍ”,
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣt ȜȍșȒȐ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȝ ȌȣȔ ȏȈșȚȐȓȈȍȚ ȖȟȐ — Ȍț-
ȠȐȚ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ țșȚȈȓțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ȘȍȌȍȦȚ ȘȧȌȣ șȚȈȓȐ țȗȈȓ Ȑ
Ȗȕª
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȐȝȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȐ ȉȖȓȐ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑ-
ȠȈȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ".. ȏȈȟȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȐ ȔțȒȐ".. Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȌȐȕ

251
ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȕ ȌȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȒȈȒ. ȊȖȕ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ
țȗȖȘ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ
țȋȖȓȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ șȕȍȋȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐ-
ȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ — Ȑ șȚȘȈȝ șȔȍȠȈȓ-
șȧ ș ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ șȒȖȘȉȐ
ȅȚȖ ©șȐȕȐȑª ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȒȘȈȌȍȚșȧ ȚȐȝȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȔț țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍ-
Ȕț — Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȘțȒȈ ȏȈ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ
șȓȈȉȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȗȖ ȘțȎȍȑȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌț Ȉ ȕȍȚ șȐȓȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȑ — ȠȍȗȟțȚ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ țșȚȈ ©șȐȕȍ-
ȋȖª
— ǲȈȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ Ȑ șȍȘȣȑ — ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ — ȌȖ-
ȉȍȑ șȒȈȎț șȗȈșȐȉȖ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț Ȉ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȐȞȈȔ Ȑ ©șȍȘȖȋȖª Ȑ
©șȐȕȍȋȖª
ǻȓȣȉȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȧȓșȧ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȌȘțȋ
Ȓ ȌȘțȋț
— ǿȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȍȘȣȑ. — ǲțȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ"
— ǺȧȎȍȓȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȐȕȐȑ. — ǫȌȍ ȉȖȓȐȚ"
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ǶȌȐȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȖ ȊȖȓȖȟȈȡȐȍșȧ ȕȖȋȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȕȈ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕțȦ ȠȚȣ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȘȈșȠȐȚțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț
— ǷȖȗȐȚȤ ȉȣ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ©șȐȕȐȑª ȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧ-
Ȍȧ ȕȈ ȎȍșȚȧȕțȦ Ȝȓȧȋț ț ȗȖȧșȈ ©șȍȘȖȋȖª
— ǷțșȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȖȋȓȖȚȈȍȔ-ȒȈ șȕȍȋț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȍȘȣȑ
— Ƕȝ ȚȧȎȒȖ
— ǺȧȎȒȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ
ǰ ȖȉȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȐȌȍȚ ǽȖȓȖȌ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȌȈ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ
— ǮȐȊ ȍȡȍ" — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȍȘȣȑ
ǪȐȌȐȚ — Ȉ șȐȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȚȍȓȈ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȖȗȍȘșȧ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȚȘțȗȈ — ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȉțȋȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȔ ȚȖȘȟȐȚ
ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ
— ǶȋȖȕȤ. șȊȍȚ — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ Ȗȕ ȧșȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ
ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ

ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȉ ©șȍȘȣȑª ȗȖȕȧȓ ǺȖȎȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ
șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȚȖȟȒț Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȥȚȈ ȚȖȟȒȈ — ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȧȘ-
ȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȍȚșȧ
— ǷȖȓȏȍȔ
— ǷȖȓȏȍȔ
ǷȓȍȟȖ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț șȖȠȓȐșȤ ©șȍȘȣȑª Ȑ ©șȐȕȐȑª — ȗȣȚȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț șȚȖȕțȚ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ
— ȗȖȓȏțȚ ȗȖȓȏțȚ ǬȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȈ șȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǩȐȊȈȒ ǹȊȖȐ ȓȐ" Ǩ ȕț ȒȈȒ ȟțȎȐȍ ȊȘȈȋȐ"
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȉȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȐșȤ șȊȖȍȔț șȚȘȈȝț
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȍȔ ǨȊȖșȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊ — ȌȖȗțș-
ȚȐȚ"— ǷȖȓȏȍȔ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌ.
Ǩ șȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣ ȕȍ-
ȔȖȡȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ — șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȍȔȓȧ șȈȔȈ ȖȏȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȋ-
ȓȍȞȖȊ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ țȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ǹȓȈȉȍȍ Ȑ șȓȈȉȍȍ
ȉȤȍȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔțȚȐȚșȧ ȊȏȖȘ Ǩ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — Ȋșȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ Ȑȏ
ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȌțȚȣȑ ȉȖȒ ȗȈȓȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ
ȘțȒȈ șȎȈȚȈȧ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ Ȑ ȏȈȐȕȌȍȊȍȊȠȈȧ ȡȍȚȐȕȈ ȒțșȚȖȊ — Ȋșȍ ȏȈȚȧ-
ȕțȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ Ȉ ȖȋȖȕȤ — ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȍȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ǵȍ ȖȕȐ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț — șȈȔ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȐȔ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț
ǵȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȊȍȦȚ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǶȒțȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ, ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ șȊȍȚȓȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ —
ȟȈȠȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȒȖȓȣȠȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȟȈȠȍȦ,
ȖȏȈȘȧȧ Ȑ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȓȐȒ Ȑ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǰ ȖȉȈ — ©șȍȘȣȑª Ȑ ©șȐȕȐȑª — ȒȖșȕțȓȐșȤ țșȚȈȔȐ ȒȘȈȍȊ
ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈȠȐ
ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȖȕȖ țȕȍșȓȖ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȐ — șȚȘȈȝ
Ȑ șȔȧȚȍȕȐȍ — șȔȍȕȐȊ Ȑȝ ȖȚȘȈȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȍȔ

ǲ-Ȟ ǸȡȕțȓȤȜȐ
ǰǼǷǻǮ Ƕ ȀǮǶǻǿȀǰǳǻǻǼǳ
ǰȏ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ

255
ǪȍșȕȖȦ  ȋȖȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȍȑșȧ țȎȍ ș ǺțȘȞȐȍȑ
ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȈȕȈȚȖȔȐȐ ȝȈȘȤȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȝȐȘțȘȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȓȐȕȐȒȖȑ — ǵȈȘȈȕȖȊȐȟ — ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȊșȍȔț ȗȧȚȖȔț ȒțȘșț ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓșȧ ȎȍȓȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ?
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȖȘȌȐȕȈȚȖȘ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȖȍ ȚȖ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ țȗȘȍȒȕțȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȏȈ Ȑȝ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ Ȓ ȕțȎȌȈȔ
ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȦ șȐȓȖȦ
ǹȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȝ
țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ
ǸȍȟȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ șȖȊȍȡȈ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȒțȘș ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ
șȓțȎȉț
ǹ ȔȈȘȚȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ țșȐȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȉȍȏ ȈȕȚȘȈȒȚȖȊ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȑ-ȚȖ șțȍȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȑ Ȓ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȈȔ
ȏȈȉȍȋȈȦ ȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț Ǹ ȉȣȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ț șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚȈ ǹȈȊȐȟȈ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȈ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȕȖȊȐȕȒȍ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȌȊțȝ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘțȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȓ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȍ ȐȓȐ șȚȖȓț ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ
șȚțȟȈȚȤ Ȑ șȚțȒȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȠțȚȒț
Ǹ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ ȕȈ
șȓțȎȉț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȦ
Ǵȣ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ ȕȈȠȍ-
Ȕț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȕȍȐșȗȖȓȕȐȔȣȔ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȚȈȘȍȓȒȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ Ȑȝ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȖȒȖȔ
ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ țșȓȖȊȐȍ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
șȚțȒȕțȚȤ  ȘȈȏ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȚ —  ȘȈȏȈ
ǺȈȘȍȓȒȈ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ șȚțȒȕțȓȈ  ȘȈȏ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ǹ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȊȣȕȍȚ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȕȈ
ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȒțȘș ȗȖ ȒȘȈȚȒȖșȚȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ

256
ȇ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȚȈȘȍȓȒț Ȑ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ
ǺȈȘȍȓȒȈ ȗȘȖșȚțȟȈȓȈ  ȘȈȏ
Ǵȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ șȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ -ȑ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȘȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ș ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ
ǪȣȏȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȦ -ȑ Ȑ -ȑ ȉȐȓȍȚȣ
ǵȈ -ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȕȖ ȕȈ -ȑ
ȚȈȒ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȔȖȐȔ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ
ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ Ǹ ȗȘȖșȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȊȏȧȚȣȑ ȔȕȖȦ
17-ȑ ȉȐȓȍȚ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȏȈ-
ȟȐșȓȍȕȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ
Ǹ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȦ ȋȌȍ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȍȡȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȊȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȏȕȈȓ
ȥȚȖ Ȑȏ șȗȐșȒȈ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȖȔ ȒȈȓȍȕ-
ȌȈȘȍ
ǩȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȦ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȐȓȣ ȕȈȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ Ț Ȓ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȕȐ
ȊȍȘȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȚȈȘȍȓȖȒ ȕȐ șȚȖȓȖȊ
ȇ ȗȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȦ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ Ȋ țȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǵȐȒȐȚȐȕȈ ȗȖȓȒ ǿțȋțȍȊș-
ȒȐȑ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ țȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ Ȋ ǨȕȈ-
ȕȤȍȊȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȓȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșț ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ
ȗȘȍȌ ȍȍ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȈ ©ǺȐȋȘª
ǶȌȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǩȈșȒț Ȋ ǴȖȓȌȈȊȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȓȈȋȍȘȍȔ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ
ȌȊȈ ȗȖȓȒȈ -ȑ ȗȍȝȖȚȕȖȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ǹȐȓȐ-
șȚȘȐȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȎȈȓȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ
Ǫ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȉȣȓȈ
ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȈȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȚȕȧ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȖȘțȎȐȧ
ȚȈȔ ȊȍȓȈșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șȚȖȓȈȝ ș ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȒțȟȈȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ
ǬȍȘȎȈȓ ȉȈȕȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȓȧȒ Ȉ ȖȚȍȞ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓț-
ȚțȘȍȞȒȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ — șȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȔȐ țșȈȔȐ

257
ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȐȋȘț
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȗȖȧșȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȏȈȗȈș-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȈȕȒ ȏȈȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ șȣȕȖȔ
ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȘȊȈȕ
Ǫ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘ șȔȍȝ ȠțȚȒȐ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ șȓțȝȐ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ — Ȋșȍ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȚȚțȌȈ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ ȕȐ ȋȈȏȍȚ Ȕȣ Ȑȏ ǸȖș-
șȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ǬȈ Ȑ ȋȈȏȍȚ-ȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ©ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȟȍȓȣª Ȑ
©ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ȐȕȊȈȓȐȌȈª Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȧ șȐȌȧ ȚȈȔ șȓȣȠț ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȋȖ ȗȍȝȖȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȗȖ-
ȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȐȌȍȓ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȎȍȦ-ȞȣȋȈȕȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ș ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȦ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȋȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȔț ȒȘȖȔȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȘȐ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȤȉȍ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗțȠȍȒ Ȋ ȌȣȔț
ȖȕȈ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȔțȕȌȐȘȖȊ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȕȍȕ
Ȑ ȍȔț ȖȚȘȍȎțȚ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȕȖȋț
ǳȐȞȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȘȈȕȍȕȖ Ȋ șȒțȓț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠȘȈȔ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȎȕȍȍ ȊȍȒȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȓȐȞȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ
șȚȈȘȠȐȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ — ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȖȊȐȟȍȔ Ȕȣ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋțȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ ȥȚț ȞȣȋȈȕȒț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈȔȐ -ȔȐ Ȑ -ȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȓȣȔȐ, Ȑ șȍȌȣȔ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȖȚțȝȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȗȍȒ-
ȓȐ ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȤ ȕȈ țȎȐȕ
ǴȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ țȋȈșȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȗȘȐ ȌȣȔȍ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȖ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ ȖȘȐ-
ȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ
ǾȣȋȈȕȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȓȖȝȐȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈ ș
ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȗȖ  ȥȘȔȈȓȣȒȈ ȚțȘȍȞȒȈȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ ȔȖ-
ȕȍȚȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ Șțȉȓȧ
ȇ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ
ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ

258
ǶȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȗȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȉțȚȣȓȖȟȒȐ ȊȏȧȓȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȈ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȗȖȚțȝȈȦȡȐȍ țȋȓȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚȐȝȖ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ
©ǹȒȖȘȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ȉțȌȍȠȤ.
ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣȝ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ǯȌȖȘȖȊ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȕȍ
ȉțȌȍȠȤ ǮȐȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȈȘțȠȒț ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȠȤ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤª
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȖȊȐȟȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ țȋȓȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ©Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȖ șȒȖ-
ȘȖ ȉȖȓȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȑ Ǩ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȗț șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ǬȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȠȤ Ǫ șȚȍȗț ȗȖȔȘȍȠȤ ǵȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖ-
ȔȘȍȠȤ — ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȉțȌȍȚª
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȎȐȊȠȐȑ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓȐ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȌȐȏȍȕȚȍȘȐȍȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȓȐ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȒț Ȏȍ ȥȚȈ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȋ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȒȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ Ȑȏ  ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖȓȒ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșț ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȊșȦ
ȏȐȔț Ȉ ȊȍșȕȖȦ  ȋ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐ ȕȈș ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȍȘȣ ȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ǲȘȣȔȈ Ȓ ǶȌȍșșȍ Ȋ ǲȘȣȔ ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ǷȍȘȍȒȖȗȈ Ȋ ș ǲȈȓȈȕȟȈȒȍ ǶȚȚțȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ǵȐȒȖȗȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȏȈȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȐ ȖȘȌȐȕȈȚȖȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȚȐȍȔ țȔȍȘȓȖ țȎȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ
Ǫ ǵȐȒȖȗȖȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȉȐȚȈ
ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȚȐȜ
ș ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ ș ȉțȉȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟț-
ȌȖȔ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȎȐȊ Ȉ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȊȘȈȟ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȖȊȐȟ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȚȐȜȈ
Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔ șȚȍȗȕȖȔ Ȉțȓȍ Ȋ ǲȘȣȔț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ
6-ȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȋ ǳȈȕșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚȖȔ ǲȖ-
șȖȋȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȐ
ǰȏ ȗȖȓȒȈ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț Ȋ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȏȐȔț
ȗȘȖȊȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȈȚȈȘȈȔȐ
ȈțȓȈȝ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȈȝ ȗȘȍȌ ǭȊȗȈȚȖȘȐȍȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ

Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ǲȘȣȔȈ
ȗȖȓȒ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȚțȌȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊȍ  ȘȧȌȖȊ ȊȖ ȊȏȊȖȌȍ Ț ȍ
ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋ ǿțȋțȍȊ ȐȔȍȧ ȊȖ ȊȏȊȖȌȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖ -12.
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȧ ȍȝȈȓ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț Ȑ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǶȘȍȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȉțȜȍȚȈ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ș ȗȍȝȖȚȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, ȖȚșȚȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȣȓȧȝ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȠȒȍ
ǸȍȏȒȐȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȑ ȠȘȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȡȍȒȍ ș ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȍȒȖȔ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ, ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ Ȋ ǩȈșȒț Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ, Ȗ ȊȖȘȖȎȍȍ-ȞȣȋȈȕȒȍ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȧȝ
ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ, ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȉȣ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ǩȈșȒț ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞț ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ȞȣȋȈȕȒȍ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈș ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȓ Ȑ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ" ǰ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǬȈ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȞȣȋȈȕȒȐ șȉȣ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȘȈȕȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȖȋț ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȠȚțȘȔȈ ǹȍȊȈșȚȖȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȒȈȓȍȒȖȦ șȚȘȈȌȈȚȤ
ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǿțȌȍșȈ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ǲȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ǬȈ Ȋȣ-ȚȖ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" — ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ǩȈșȒț Ȑ șȐȌȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȗȐȕȖȦ ȏȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ ȞȣȋȈȕȒț Ȑ ȋȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉț-
Ȍțȡȍȍ
— ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" — ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȈȔ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȍȍ șȉȣȓȐșȤ ȇ ȉȣȓ
ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȎȐȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ǩ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȔȖȑ
șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ țȔȍȘ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȑ ȌȐȒȖȑ ǲȘȣȔșȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȐ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ

ǿȓȞȑȓȗ ǯȓȘțȓȐ
ǱǶǯǳǹȊ ǰǼǵǲȁȆǻǼǱǼ ȂǹǼȀǮ
ǨȥȘȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ

261
I
«13-ȋȖ ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ -ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȍȍ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȖȊ ș Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȑ
Ȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǷȖȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ  ȟ țȚȘȈ ǾȍȓȤ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ
ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒȈ ³ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȔȐ´ ȔȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȒȘȍ-
ȗȖșȚȐ ǲ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȡȍȑ șȚȖȓȐȞț
Ǭȓȧ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȍ ȗȖ  ȒȖȔ-
ȗȓȍȒȚȈ ȔȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȘȍ-
ȗȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȍ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ ȖȚ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȘȈș-
șȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌȊțȝ ȘȈȌȐțșȖȊ șȜȍȘ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȕ»
ǺȈȒ ȋȓȈșȐȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗțȕȒȚȖȊ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ ȗȖ -ȑ
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ
ǪȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȚȖȓȒȕțȚȤșȧ ș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȍ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȝ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ț ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ
Ǫșȍ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȉȍȋȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȣ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ
ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȍȑȌ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȒȈȗȐȚțȓȧȞȐȧ ǵȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȓȐȝȖ-
ȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȓȍȚț ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗțȠȍȒ șȚȘȍȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȧȔ
ǫȖȕȌȖȓȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ Ȕȍș-
ȚȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȘȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ©șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȑª ȉȘȖȕȍȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȊȠȍȑ ȘȐȒȖȠȍȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ
Ǫșȍ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȌȊȖȑȕȣȍ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȍ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȋȈȏ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȤ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ,
ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȚțȝȓȐ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȖ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ  ȟ țȚȘȈ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț Ȑ șȒȘȣȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȓ Ȟȍ-
ȓȐ ȅșȒȈȌȘȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ
ǴȖȚȖȘȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȈȧ Ȍțȓ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ

262
ǨȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ș ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȖ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȒȈȘȚȈȔ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ-
șȒȖȔ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȍ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȖȘǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖ ȞȍȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈ
ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȕȖȔ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ șȐȋȕȈȓ «ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ».
ǵȍțȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ șȐȋȕȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊșȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȈ
ǹ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȍ: «ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ».
ǶȚȊȍȚ ȉȣȓ: «ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ».
ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȕȣȑ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕ Ȑȏ șȚȘȖȧ
Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȖȚȕȍșȓȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ
«ǴȖȚȖȘȣ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȣ ȝȖȌȈ ȕȍȚ».
ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐ-
ȕȣ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȊȐȕȚȖȊ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ șȕȖșȐȓȖ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȣȠȍ ȕȈ
 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȣ ȕȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ
ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ȖȕȈ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȕ șȐȋȕȈȓ ©ǪȏȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȒțȘș».
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȊțȔ ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈȔ-ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈȔ
ȹ  Ȑ ȹ  ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȏȈȊȍșț
ǶȉȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȕȖ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȚȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȈȌȘȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȹȹ  Ȑ  ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȏȈȊȍșț
Ǫșȍ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ

263
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȖȉȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȗȈȌȈȚȤ; ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȚȈ Ȏȍ țȟȈșȚȤ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
ǷȖȔȖȟȤ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
Ȋșȍȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȖȉȈ șțȌȕȈ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȋȐȉ-
ȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȕȐȏț ȔȖȘȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȈȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ ȌȊțȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈ-
ȕȖȊ ș Ȑȝ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȔȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈȔȐ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȍȉȍ ȌȈȚȤ ȧșȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȐ. ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ șȐȓȈȝ ǵȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔ...
ȅșȒȈȌȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈȔ șțȌȖȊ ȗȖ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ș
ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ
ǶȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐ ȔȖȋ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȐȘ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȧ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ-ȔȈȑȖȘ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȌȐȊȐ-
ȏȐȐǸȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȕȖ Ȑ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȍ
ȹ  ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȓ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȦ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ.
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȔȈȑȖȘ" ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț? ǬȈȘȖȔ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȍȘȧȍȚȍ, — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȒȖȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȌȐ-
ȊȐȏȐȐ ȕȖ ȅȕȚȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȘȈȊ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍȔȍȌȓȧ ȖȚȘȈ-
ȗȖȘȚȖȊȈȓ ȍȔț
— ǪȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ
șȜȍȘȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȕȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȍȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȊȍșȍȓȍȓ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȑ șȗȈșȈȑȚȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȐȔ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ
ǺțȚ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ șȚȈȓ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ șȜȍȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
ȞȍȕȚȘ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ǲ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȚȈ șȜȍȘȈ Ȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ șȜȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȔȈȋȕȐȚȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ

264
ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȚȖ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ
șȜȍȘȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȔȖȚȖȘ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț Ȑȏ Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȋȓȖȚȐȚ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ, ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȐȚ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȊȈȧ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȕȚȈȔ ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȍ ȹ 3, ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕț
ȊȕțȚȘȤ șȜȍȘȣ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȔȈȋȕȐȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȦ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȌȐțșȖȊ șȜȍȘȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȜȖȒțșȍ ȕȈȑȌț șȚȈȕ-
ȞȐȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȑ ȉȘȖȠț șȊȖȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȕ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȏȐȓ
ǷȘȖȚȧȕțȊ ȘțȒț ȔȈȑȖȘț, Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ǹ ǩȖȋȖȔ.
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ǭȡȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț Ȑ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȕȖ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȍ ȹ , Ȑ Ȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚț ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ǯȈȕȧȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȓ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌț
Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȝȘȈȉȘȖȋȖ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ
ȉȍȏțȔȞȍȔ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ". ǷȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȔ, Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋ-
ȕțȚȤ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒ Ȋșȍ
țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȑȖȘț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ-
ȕțȚȤ ȊȕțȚȘȤ șȜȍȘȣ
ǶȉȡȐȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȥȚț ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌț
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȔȈȑȖȘ ȖȉȖȌȘȍȕȕȣȑ șȊȖȐȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȔȍșȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȊ-
ȠțȦ șȜȍȘț ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȍȑ ȒțȌȈ
Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȏȈȗȈș șȊȖȐȝ ȔȐȕ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ
Ǩ ȔȈȑȖȘ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȎȍ ȕȍșșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȊȖȍȑ ȥșȒȈȌ-
Șȍ.

265
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȐșȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȗȈșȕȖȑ
ȔȖȚȖȘ ȉȍȏ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȐ; ȔȖȚȖȘ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ
ǹȜȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȈ.
ǷȖȌȓȍȚȈȧ Ȓ ȥșȒȈȌȘȍ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȧ-
ȌȖȒ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȥșȒȈȌȘț ǴȈȑȖȘ
ȏȈȕȧȓ șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȋ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȍ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ǲ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕțȦ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ Ȋșȧ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȧ
II
ǶșȚȈȊȐȔ ȥșȒȈȌȘț ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ, ȗȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȍ-
ȗȖșȚȤ ǲ ȕȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȔșȧ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȠȚȈȉ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȔ Ȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȐȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȔ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȍȔ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ
ǵȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȌ-
ȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ
ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȐȊȈȓȖ ȦȕȖȠț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȚȖȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȖȑ ȘȈȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȑ ȎȐ-
ȊțȚ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȐ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤ
șȊȖȦ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍȑ ȗțȚȍȔ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ
ȗțȕȒȚȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ
ȐȏȓțȟȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȜȍȘț,
ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡțȦ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, Ȋșȍ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȍ
Ȋ ȥȚț șȜȍȘț ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖ

266
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȓȐȉȖ ȐȋȘțȠȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȓȐȉȖ șȐȓȣ
ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ
ǺȍȖȘȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȈ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ țȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ: ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȥȚȖȚ
ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȈșȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȍ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȖȚȒȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȉȍȘț ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋȣȝ-
ȓȖȗȖȚȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ șțȉșȐȌȐȦ
ȆȕȖȠȈ ȗȘȖșȐȧȓ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠț ȗȖȒȈ
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȜȖȘȚȖȊ
Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȧ ȉțȌț ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏț șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȇ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȦșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ — ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȌȈșȚ ȍȑ șȐ-
ȓț Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȦȕȖȠȍ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ
ȗȓȍȟț
— ǵȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȊȓȍȒȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ Ȉ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȑȚȍ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȑȚȍ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȑȚȍ ǺȘțȌȧȡȐȍșȧ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȔ ȕțȎȕȣ Ȗȑ ȒȈȒ
ȕțȎȕȣ ǳȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȔ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ — ȖȉȘȈȡȈȑȚȍșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȆȕȖȠȈ ȕȖȋ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ȔȍȟȚȣ ȍȋȖ șȉȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ
ȜȓȖȚȣ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ
Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ȗȕ ș ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȘȊȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕȈ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȜȖȘȚȖȊ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȍȑ Ǩ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ
ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ȕȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȉȖȚ
ȗȖ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊț ȥȚȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȗȖȘțȟȐȒț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȕȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȝ
ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȍȚȖȕȐȘțȍȚ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈș-
șȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȑ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȖ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ,
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȉȣ Ȋ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍ-

267
ȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦ-
ȡȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȖȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȉțȌȍȚ, ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ, ȌȍȚȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ǻȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȌȍȍȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ țȎȍ ȜȖȘȚȍ
ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȡȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ ǩ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȏȘȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐș-
ȚȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ
ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȐșȗȣȚțȍȔȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ ȕȈșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓșȧ șȈȔ
șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȋ țȎȍ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ
ǬȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ǫ
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȣ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍ-
ȘȐșȚȐȒȐ Ȑȝ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș șȊȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ
ȖȉȘȈȏȍȞ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȔȖȋȖ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȖȑ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȔ ȔȐȕȈȔ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ, ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȏȈșȚȈȍȚ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ǲ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ
Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ Ǩ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ
ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȒȖȎțȝȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ
ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȐȕȈȔȐ ȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ
Ǫ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȓȈ-
ȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǩ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐ-
șȚȐȒȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ, ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȍ, ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ țȚȖȔȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ țșȐ-
ȓȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ
ǸȈȏȌȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȧȝȕțȓ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖșȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȈșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȈșȤ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ
ǺțȚ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȊȏȘȣȊ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ, Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ
țȎȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ

268
Ǫ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȔț ȌȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț, ȟȚȖ șȚȈȕ-
ȞȐȧ Ǩ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔȐ ȔȐȕȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ș ȗȘȖȕȐȒȠȍȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȏȈȡȐȚȕțȦ șȜȍȘț ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ Ȉ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ, ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ ȐȉȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȕȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȕȈȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ
ǷȖȘțȟȐȒ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ
Ȋȕȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȍȔț ȌȖȕȖșȧȚ ȖȉșȍȘȊȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ
ȗțȕȒȚȣ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ.
ǪșȒȖȘȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ Ȋ
ȊȐȌț ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗțȕȒȚȖȊ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȘȈȑȖȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǩ
ȆȕȖȠȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȘȣȟȈȋ ȊȏȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȧȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȉțȍȔȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȍȉȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ «ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȈ».
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȖ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȍ, ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȘȧȌ
ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ Ȑ ȖȕȈ, ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȌȣȔȖȔ, ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, ȕȍ-
ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
șȊȧȏȐ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ Ȑȏ-
ȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ șȕȖȗ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȚțȚ
Ȏȍ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȑ ɡȈșȕțȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘșȒȐȔ șȕȖȔ
III
Ǫ ȠȚȈȉȍ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ șȖșȚȖȧȓșȧ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ
ȔȈȑȖȘȈ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ Ȗ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ -ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌȐ-
ȊȐȏȐȐ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȕ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ
ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȧȝ
ǰȏ Ȋșȍȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȤ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȟȍȓ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȈȗȈș ȍȋȖ ȔȐȕ ȉȣȓ șȉȘȖȠȍȕ ȘȈȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ țȕȐȟȚȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ șȜȍȘȣ ȚȖȘȔȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ǲ

269
ǴȈȑȖȘ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȗȉ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȔ șȜȍȘȍ
Ȗ șȘȍȌșȚȊȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȕȍȑ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȗȉ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȑ
șȜȍȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȕ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ
Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȥșȒȈȌȘț
ǬȖȒȓȈȌ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ ȕȖșȐȓ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖȋȖ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈ, ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȓțȠȈȦȡȐȔȐ: șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȣ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍțȌȈȟȈ
ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ Ȓ ȔȈȑȖȘț ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǴȈȐȖȘ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȓȐȚȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ"
ǴȈȑȖȘ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȎȍșȚ ȘțȒȖȑ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊșȦ ȕȍ-
șȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖșȚȈȊ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȖ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȍ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȉ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ, ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
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ǵȖȟȤȦ Ȋ  ȟȈșȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȖȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȜȖȕ
ȅȕȚȍ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ, —
ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ Ȉ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȔȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȚȖ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ ȔȖȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȚȖȕȈȞȐȦ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ. ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȦșȤ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȈȥȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȍ ȔȐȕȣ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ, ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑ ș ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȞȍȓȤȦ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ

270
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȅȕȚȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȣȓ
ȉȓȍȌȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ:
— ǪȈȠȍ ȗȘ-ȊȖ ȧ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȦ ȕȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖșȤ-
ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖșȣȓȈȑȚȍ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȥșȒȈȌȘț ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȅșȒȈȌ-
ȘȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȊȖȊșȍ ȐȉȖ ȉȍȏ ȔȐȕ ȞȍȓȤ ȍȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȈȌȈȍȚ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ — ȗțșȚȤ ȥȚȐ
ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ ȗȖșȓțȎȈȚ ȕȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȕțȎ-
ȕȍȍ ǷȘȖȠț ȊȈș ȍȡȍ, ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ țȟȈșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȍ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȖ-
ȓț ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȓȍȚ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ Ǫ ȗȘȖșȤȉȍ ȔȈȑȖȘț ȓȍ-
ȚȍȚȤ Ȋ ȘȍȒȖȋȕȖșȞȐȘțȦȡȍȔ ȖȚȘȧȌȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȖȚȘȍȏ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕțȎȕȣ ȊȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȉȖȘȤ-
ȉȣ ș ȚȍȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ Ȋ ȏȈ-
ȡȐȚț ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȑȚȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȑȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȔ
Ǫ ȊȈȠȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȍ-
ȌȐȚ Ȑȏ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȌȈ
ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒțȦ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȧ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȎț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȕȖȦ
ȖȚȌȈȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȈȔȐ ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑȏ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ,
ȧ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊț Ȋ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȐ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȎȌț ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ
ǴȈȑȖȘ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ș șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȈ ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȗȈșȍȕȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȍȍ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ Ȉ
ȔȈȑȖȘ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ!
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ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ ș ȌȖȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȉȣȓ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȔ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ ȊȈș ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȕț ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ"
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȍȝȕȐȒțȔȈ ȕȈȝȖ-

271
ȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȋ ǩ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒț șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȐȦ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȔȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȜȖȕ ȅȕȚȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔȣ-
ȔȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȅȚȈ ȐȌȍȧ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕțȦ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ
ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȉȘȈȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȋȖȘȦȟȍȋȖ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȓȈșȤ țȝȖȌ ȏȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȔ țȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȑ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȖȔȖȚȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȔ; Ȋșȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȥȚȖȑ
ȐȌȍȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȍȍ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔț ȒȖȕȞț
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ -ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ șȚȘȈ-
ȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȑ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȑȏ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȈ Ȑȏ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȗțȠȍȒ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȧȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ țȋȓȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȉȍȏ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ
ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ
ǺțȚ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ș ȊȣȒȐȌȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȕȖȎȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț ȠȈȘȈ ȕȖ
ȥȚȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȈȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ ȋȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ Ȉ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉ-
ȓȍ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ, ȌȍȓȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊșȍȔț ȋȈȏț Ȉ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȚșȍȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȐȧȓȖ ȕȈ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȐȉȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ
ȊȣȓȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȓȈșȚȈ.
ǹȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ șȕȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȈ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈ-
ȚȖȊ — ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȊȖȑȕȣȍ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȐ ș ȕȍȋȖȘȦȟȐȔ ȋȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȐșȓȖȘȖȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ȋȘȍȔțȟȍȑ șȔȍșȐ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ
ǹȈȔȣȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ Ȋ șȜȍȘȍ ȗțȠȍȒ, șȚȘȍȓȧȊȠȐȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȌȈȊȈȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȌȣȔȖȊȣȍ ȚȘȈȍȒȚȖȘȐȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȘȐșȚ-

272
ȘȍȓȒț. ǵȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȍ ȝȖȌȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ țȠȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȚȍȘȤ.
ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍțȧȏȊȐȔȣ Ȍȓȧ ȈȘȚȐȓ-
ȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ ȉȘȖșȈȍȔȣȍ ș ȕȐȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ
ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
șțȌȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȊȊȐȌț ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ȑ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖȚȣ ȝȖȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȖȊ
ǹȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ șȖȖȉȡȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț șȖ ȏȊțȟȈȡȍȑ ȐșȒȘȖȑ
ȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕțȦ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț
ȈȘȔȐȧȔȐ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, șȚȈȓȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȔț Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ Șȍ-
ȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȜȖȕ ȅȕ-
Țȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȔ ș ȏȈȗȈșȖȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȝ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȍȔț țȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȐȌȍȐ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ
ȟȍȋȖ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖ-ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȌȟȐȒȖȊ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȊȖȏȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȣ ǵȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȘȍȋțȓȐȘȖȊȒȈ
ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȍȔȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȧȓȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ-ȔțȓȤȚȐȗȓȐȒȈȚȖȘ ȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȦ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ țȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȚ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǯȈȌȈȟȈ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȦ, șȖșȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȍȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈȝ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȅȚȐ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ șȓțȎȐȓȐ
ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȑ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȍ Ȑ
ȊȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ Ȋ șȐȓț ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȈȊȒȐ
IV
ǶȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȠȈȧ ȕȈȠȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ
ǲ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧ-ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ

273
ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȖ Ȋ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȑ
ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȘȖȒ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ǷȖȘțȟȐȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȌȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ
ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ǲ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȚȤ șȦȌȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȝ
ȚȘțȌȖȊ ȍȔț ȥȚȖ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȐȍ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȔȖȘȚȐȘ ȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȐ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȍ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȊȖș-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȊȐȝȘȍȊȣȍ ȚȖȒȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ, ȖȕȐ
ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖȗȘȖȒȐ-
ȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȔ Ȏȍ țșȚȘȖȍȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȐȏȓțȟȈȦȡȈȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȊȠțȦ-
șȧ Ȋ șȜȍȘȍ ȊȖȌȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȊțȦ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȖșȗȓȈ-
ȔȍȕȧȊȠțȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȅȚȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ Ȑȏ ȒȘ
ǲ Ȋ ȒȘ ǩ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȊȖ -ȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȚȍȈȚȘț ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ țȌȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔȍȕȧȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȓȖ Ȑ ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȊȍș — ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ, ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȖȌȖȉȘȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț
Ƞȍȓ ȘȈȏȌȖȘ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȔț Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȏț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ǵȖ, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȝȖȌ, ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ, ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ǩȖȧȓȐșȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȑ ȖȉȝȖȌ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȖȉȘțȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȜȓȈȕȋ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ șȐȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȏȕȈȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍș
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȠȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍȑ — ȏȖȕȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȊȖȓȕȖȊȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȊȖș-
ȗȓȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȊȖȌȖȘȖȌ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ-

274
ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȖȊ ȊȐȝȘȍȊȣȔȐ ȚȖȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
Ǫ șȚȈȊȒȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȈȘȔȐȍȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȜȍȘȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕȈ ȕȈȘțȠȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȝ ȐȔ
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ
ǹȚȖȧȓ ȌțȠȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǷȈȘȐȓȖ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȍ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ǵȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȐȝ-
ȘȍȊȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǹ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȑ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ
ǪȐȝȘȍȊȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ ȎȌȈȓȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȘȚȊ, ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȕȈșȒȖȟȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ,
ȉȣȓȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣ ȐȉȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȔȍȘ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕțȦ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜț ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț
ǶȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȈȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ — ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈȝ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȖȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ Ȉ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȐ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ
ǻȏȕȈȊȠȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȐȌȍȐ. ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ
Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȉ Ȕȣ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ț ȕȈș ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ
ȉȣ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȍ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ
ǪȐȌȧ țȝȖȌ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔȐ Ȋșȍ
ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ Țȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚ-
șȧ Ȉ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ, ȏȈȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȐȉȖ ș Ȕȍ-
șȚȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȈ-
Ȋȍșȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȒ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ ȌȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ, ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȜȍȘȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȗȘȐȉȖȘ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȖȚȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȚȤșȧ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕȐȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȌȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ-

șȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȐȚȤ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖ-
Țȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȏȈȊȍșȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȟȍȒ ȌȊȐȋȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȣȠȍ ȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖșȚȐ ȊȐȝȘȍ-
Ȋȣȝ ȚȖȒȖȊ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȊȣșȖȚț ȏȈȊȍșȣ ȌȖ ȔȈȒșȐȔțȔȈ
ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȖ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ
ǪȐȝȘȍȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȈ.
ǬȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȕȖ ȐȉȖ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȖȑ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȖȓț-
ȉȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ Ȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǵȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐȏȖ-
ȠȍȌȠȍȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ.
ǹȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ — ȖȕȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ
țȌȈȘ Ȑȝ Ȗ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ"
ǳȍȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ Ȑ ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ șȗțșȒȈȧșȤ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ șȜȍȘț ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȈ șȋȖȘȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȗȉ-
ȔȖȚȒȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȗȐșȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜț
ǸȈȏȊȍȌȒȈ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȈșȤ
_____
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȍȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȐȞ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ șȟȍșȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ
ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȟȚȧ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ ȏȈȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȈ
ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȍșȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
țȚȖȗȐȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȔȣȍ... ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ
ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ

ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ

ǿ Ǽȏ
ǰǼǷǻǮ Ƕ ǿǽǶǾǶȀǶǵǺ

278
ǷȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȔȈȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ șȓȍȌȈ ȕȈ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȗșȐȝȐȒȍ ǰ ȥȚȖ ș
ȧȘȒȖȑ ȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȖșȚȤȦ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȗȐȘȐȚȖȊ.
©ǯȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȍª șȍȈȕșȣ țșȚțȗȐȓȐ șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ șȍȈȕ-
șȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȟȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔȐ ǪȣȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ șȐȓȖȑ ȔȍȌȐțȔȈ ȌțȝȐ
ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȟȈș ȚȈȒȐȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȦȚ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȑ ȋ-ȎȐ Ȍȍ Ǻȥȉ
ǶȌȐȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȐȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ȔȍȌȐțȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȏȈ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȍȈȕșȈȝ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȕȈ șȍȈȕșȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȒȘțȎȒȖȊ
ȍȡȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȍțȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȓ-
ȒȖȊȖȌȞȈ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ — ǹțȊȖȘȖȊȈ ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ șȗȐȘȐȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǵȈ ȥȚȖ Ȍțȝ-șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȒ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȟ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȐ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȊȖȑȕȣ ȉțȌȍȚ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȏțȉȘȍȕ Ȑ șȓȖȔȈȕ ȟȚȖ
șȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȝ Ȕȍȟȍȑ ȕȍ șȓȐȊȈȦȚ Ȉ ȊȣȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ Ȕȍȟ ȉțȌȍȚ
șȚȖȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǺȈȓȐșȔȈȕ ȌțȝȈ
ǵȈ șȍȈȕșȍ ț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȈȘȐșȚȖ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȐ ȋȘȈȜȈ Ǻ-ȟȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȍțȝ ȐȕȌțșȈ ǶȔȈȘȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȋȘȈȜț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȔ șȗȐȘȐ-
ȚțȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȗ-Ȋȍ, ȕȈ șȍȈȕșȈȝ ș ȔȍȌȐțȔȖȔ ǹȚȈȌȖȔ ǶȔȈȘ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȞȍȓȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ, —
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȋȘȈȜț ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȌȘțȋț ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȈ-
ȓȐșȔȈȕ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ȟȈșȚȐ-
Ȟț șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȐ Ȑȏ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȐȕȌțșȖȊ ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ

șȊȍȚȧȡȈȧșȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț șȚȖȓȈ.
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȚȒȈȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚ șȊȖȦ ȊȖȓ-
ȠȍȉȕțȦ șȐȓț ȕȖ șȣȕ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȚȍȞ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȚȈȓȐș-
ȔȈȕ șȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ țȎȍ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍ-
ȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȔșȧ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȌ
ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȈ țȉȐȚȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȗȓȍȕȈ
ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ șȍȈȕșȖȊ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȖȔ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȍȕȖ ȖȚ ȌțȝȈ ȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ȊȖȐȕȈ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
șȍșȚȘȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ șȍȈȕșȍ ȌȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ șȍșȚȘȣ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȌțȝȈ Ȗ ȍȍ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧȒȖȉȣ țȎȍ ȊȍȌțȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗȉ ȖȚȗȘȈȊ-
Ȓȍ ȍȍ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ
ǷȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȓ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǷȍȚ-
ȘȖȋȘȈȌ
ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖ
ǷȖȘțȟȐȒ ǳa-șȒȐȑ ș ȕȖȧȉȘȧ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗțȕȒȚȍ
țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȍȔȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉȖȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈ șȍȈȕșȍ -ȋȖ ȌȍȒȈȉ-
Șȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǳȈ-șȒȐȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ
ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȌȖ
ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȖȚȈ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ
ȕȈ ȖȚȌȣȝ Ȑ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ

ǮțȜțȖȚ
ǾǼǸǼǰǮȍ ǲǮȀǮ

281
ǻȊȍȘȧȦȚ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȉȈȓȖȊȕȧȔȐ șțȌȤȉȣ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ
ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȟțȚȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ǺȈȒ
Ȑ ȊȖȑȕȈ - ȋ Ǫ ȈȘȝȐȊȈȝ ǲȖȚȍȘȥ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ  ȋ Ȑ ȋȓȈșȧȡȍȍ:
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȍȏȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ ȉȍȏ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔȐȘȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔ.
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ǴȈȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ.
ǰȦȕȤ ȘȍȠȐȚ ȍȍ
ǰȦȓȤ ȍȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚ
ǨȊȋțșȚ țȊȐȌȐȚ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȏȍȕ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȑ
ǲȈȘȍȚȣ ȉȍȏ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ — ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ ș ȥȘȞ-
ȋȍȘȞȖȋȖȔ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȔ șȖșȚȖȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȈȍ; țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ — Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȈȧ ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȐȦȓȍ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ Ȋ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖȔ «ǨȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȍ»
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȋ-ȎȐ Ǻȥȉ, 1912- ȋȖȌȈ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȔ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǹțȌȤȉȣ ǵȈșȚȈȍȚ ȟȈș
ȋȍȘȖȐȏȔȈ Ȑ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȎȍșȚȖȊ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȣ ǹ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȔȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȈȕțȚ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȇ ȊȐȎț ȕȍșȟȍȚȕȖȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȜȘȈȕȞț-
ȎȍȕȖȒ șȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȌ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȔȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȦȡȐȝșȧ
ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ȔțȎȍȑ
ǷȈȘȐȎ Ȋ 1914 ȋȖȌț ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒ... ȈȘȔȐȧ ț ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȞ ǶȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ

ǵȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǲȈȒȖȊ
Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ȍȍ ȐșȝȖȌ" ǰ ȖȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȓȐ șȖȦȏ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȉȍȌț?
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȐ
Ǫ  ȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ șȊȐȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ǷȘțșșȐȐ
Ȑ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ , ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȞ țșȔȐȘȐȓ
ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ Ȋ ȋȍȘȞȖȋșȚȊȍ ǩȈȌȍȕșȒȖȔ ǻȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠ-
Ȓȍ ǼȐȍȕșȉțȘȋ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȧ șȓȈȊȧȡȈȧșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖșȍȕȕȐȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ
— ǲȈȒȈȧ țȟȈșȚȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ"
— Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ
— Ǫ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȌț"
ȇșȕȖȊȐȌȧȡȈȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȞȐȜȘț ȋȖȌȈ,  ȗȖȚȖȔ ȞȐȜ-
Șȣ ȍȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ Ȑ șȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
1849+1+8+4+9=1871.
— Ǫ —ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— Ǩ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȧ țȔȘț" — ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȞ
ǲȖȓȌțȕȤȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȞȐȜȘȣ
1871+1+8+7+1=1888.
— Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȊȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǩțȌțȡȐȑ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ I-ȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȚȍȓȤ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȅǺǱǴǰ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȖșțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȈȧ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȐȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȈ"
Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȧșȕȖȊȐȌȧȡȈȧ șȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȞȐȜȘȣ
1888+1+8+8+8=1913,ȗȖȚȖȔȞȐȜȘȣȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȍ-
ȋȖșȧȋȖȌȈ—1+9+1+3—1914.
— Ǫ -Ȕ ȐȓȐ Ȋ -Ȕ
ǫȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȐ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ș
șȖȉȖȑ ǹȈȌȖȊț ȊȖȑȕț ș ǼȘȈȕȞȐȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ȋ  ȋ ǷȖȒȈ
— ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȧ ȕȍ șȖȓȋȈȓȈ

ǮțȜțȖȚ
ǽǾǼǾǼȅǳǿȀǰǼ ȂǾǳǲǳǾǶǸǮ
ǯǳǲǻǼǱǼ

284
Ǫ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ șȓȍȌ ȖȚ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǷȈȘȐȎ
ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǼȘȍȌȍȘȐȒȈ ǩȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȖȚ
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȐȉ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȐȏȔȍȕȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȦ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖȓȠȍȉ-
șȚȊȍ
ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȏȍ Ȍȍȓȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȖȟȍȕȤ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȈȓȓȦ-
ȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȔȐ ǮȐȊȐ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȚȘȍȏȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
ȓȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ șȗȐȘȐȚȖȔ ȓȐȉȖ ȚȍȖșȖȜȖȔ ȓȐȉȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȉȣ Ȋ
șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ
ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȉȍșȍȌ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ Ȑȝ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț Ȋ ȔȈȘȚȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕțȦ
ȒȕȐȋț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȓ Ȋ -Ȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈȝ ǲȕȐȋȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ș ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ țȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȕȍ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȗȐȐ ȍȍ ǵȖ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ ǩȖ-
Ȏȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǰȎȍȘȈ ț ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ ǸȖȔȈȕȈ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣȗȐ-
șȒȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȊȣȌȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȚȖȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȦ ȒȖȗȐȦ
ǪȖȚ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ «ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒȈ»  ȋȖȌȈ
— «ǷȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȊșȍȋȖ  ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȠ ȔȐȘ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȚșȧ ȟț-
ȎȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȋȘȖȔț ș ȕȍȉȈ».
— «ǸȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȔȍșȧȞ, ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ǭȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȦȚ “Ǻȣ șȕȖȊȈ ș ȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȏȌȍșȤ” ǵȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȊ, ȕȍșțȡȐȝ ȔȐȘț ȉȍȓțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ,
ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȚ ȋȘȖȔȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ»
— «ǸȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȓȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȔȐȘȖȔ șȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ
ȚțȟȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȋȈșȐȚ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐșȕȍȚ ȕȈȌ ǷȈ-
ȘȐȎȍȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ș ȕȈȔȐ ǰ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍȏ
șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȕȖ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȕȐȚ Țțȟț ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠțȦ ș ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȓȤȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȌȍȚȍȑ șȊȖȐȝ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ

Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȈȌȖȝȕȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ, ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șȣȕ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȟțȎȐȝ ǷțșȚȤ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȎȐȊȍȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȇ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ»
ǲȕȐȋȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ ȒȖ ȌȊȖȘț ǨȊȚȖȘ ȉȣȓ șȝȊȈȟȍȕ Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
Ƞȍȕ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔț ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȔȍȘ șȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȈȘȍșȚȈ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȎȍȘȚȊ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șțȌȤȉȈ ǼȘȍȌȍȘȐȒȈ ǩȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȒȕȐȋț șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȉȘȍȌȖȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ ǭȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ
ǵȖ 00 ȓȍȚ — șȘȖȒ, țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ — ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȖ
ǰ Ȕȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȕȧȍȔ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ «ȊȖȓ-
ȠȍȉȕȐȒȈ» Ȓ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǰ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ
șȊȧȏȤ
Ǫ «ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǩȖȋȈ» —
ǷȈșȝȈ ǰ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȏȈȗȖȦȚ Ȗ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ ǵȖ Ȑȝ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȋȓț-
ȠȈȚ «ȋȘȖȔȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ» — ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
«ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖȦȚ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ».
ǰ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȏȈȓȐȊȠȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȚțȟȈ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȔȐȘȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ țȋȘȖȏȈ ǷȈȘȐȎț ș
ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ — Ȋșȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȈșȠȐȜȘȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ
ȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ «Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȈȌȖȝșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șȣȕ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟțȎȐȝ» ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ «ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒȈ» ȏȈ-
ȉȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȍ
ǩțȌȍȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ

ǮțȜțȖȚ
ǽǾǶǽǼǲǻȍȀǮȍ ǵǮǰǳǿǮ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ

287
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȚȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȈ ȔȖȕȈȝȈȔȐ țȟȍȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ
ǵȐȎȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȞȐȚȈȚȣ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ-
ȡȐȧ ȏȈȊȍșț ȕȈȌ ȉțȌțȡȐȔ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ
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Ǫ  ȋȖȌț Ȋ ǷȘțșșȐȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȔȖ-
ȕȈȝȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ Ȋ șȚȈ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȝ ȋȍȒȏȈȔȍȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȊșȦ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǷȘțșșȐȐ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ țșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ
©ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȐȗȍȚȘ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȗȐșȒȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȈșȚȣȘȤ ȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ
șȚȈȌȖ Ȉ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ ǪȗȖȓȕȍ țȚȍȠȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȖȚ
șȊȖȐȝ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȑ ǴȈȘȕȈ șȖȎȔȍȚ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ șȊȖȐȝ Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȋȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǪȖșșȐȧȍȚ Ȋ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȌțȝȖȊȍȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȖȊȞȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ
ȏțȉȖȊ — ȝȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȒȈª.
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Ǫ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ©ǪȍȘȚȖȋȘȈȌ ǹȚȘțȑȕȣȑª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
©ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ ȖȚȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȓ ȗȘȈȖȚȞȈȔ
ȗȘȖȚȖȐȍȘȍȧ ǬȈȕȐȐȓȈ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȝȘȈȔȈ
Ȋ ȒȖȍȔ Ȗȕ șȊȧȡȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ǹȒȖȓȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȕȈ șțȌȤȉȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȖ Ȑ ȞȈȘșȚȊ ȊșȦ
șȊȖȦ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȧ ǩȖȎȤȐ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ Ȑ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȏȕȈȕȤȧ ǴȕȖȋȖȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ
ǫȈȓȐȞȐȑșȒȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȐșȒȖȕȐ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȍ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ǸțșȐ
ǿȍȘȊȖȕȕȈȧ ǸțșȤ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȌ ȞȍșȈȘșȒȐȔ șȒȐ-
ȗȍȚȘȖȔ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȐȚșȧ ș

288
șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ Ȉ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȊȍȏȌ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȔȍȚȣ țȒȈȏȈȕȣ ǫȖȌȖȔ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ ȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǹȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȧ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȟȐșȓȈ ȜȍȉȘțȈȘȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ
Ȍȕȧ Ȉ ǷȈșȝȈ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȧ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȘȈȕȕȍ-
ȋȖ ǷȧȚȤșȖȚ ȓȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȔȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ
ȗȘȍȑȌțȚ ȌȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȈ ǿȚȖ șȐȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ȑ
ǩȖȎȤȐȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȦșȤ ȧ
șȊȖȐȔ ȐȍȘȍȑșȒȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșțȦșȤª
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ǷȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ
ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ ȏȈ 50-ȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ
©ǰȏ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȑ ȖȚȞȖȊ Ȑ ȗȈșȚȣȘȍȑ ȞȍȘȒ-
ȊȐ Ǫ ȓȍȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȋȖȕȖșȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȍȞ ǹȐȔȍȖȕ ȊȖșȗȘȐȐȔȍȚ ȕȈ
ȌȓȈȕȐ șȊȖȐ ǷȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȌȊȍȘȐȍ ȟȍșȚȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ǹȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȍ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ Ȗȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȏȌ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȊȘțȞȍ ȓȍȚȈ ȕȈȐȒȘȈȚȟȍ ȖȚ Ȍȕȧ ǹȊȧȚȖȑ ǷȈșȝȐ ȖȚșȚȖȧȚȤ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȚșȧ șȖȚȘȧ-
șȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȐȐȝ ȞȈȘșȚȊ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȔȐȘ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȚșȧ
ǹȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȕȐȔ
ȟȍșȚȕȖȑ ȈȊȊȈ ǷȈȊȍȓª
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ǯȈ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȒȕȐȋț «Quo vadis ǨȊșȚȘȐȧª Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
©ȇ ȊȐȎț ȗȓȈȔȧ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ Ȧȋȍ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ
ǺțȟȐ ȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ șȗȧȡțȦ
ǨȊșȚȘȐȦ ǰ ȞȍȓȤ Ȑȝ — ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈ ǬțȕȈȍ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ
șȖȉȖȘȖȔ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ

289
ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȟȈșȚȤ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȐ Ȏȍ țȝȖ-
ȌȧȚ ș ȗȓȈȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕț ǺȈȒȖȊ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȋȖȘȌȖȋȖ ǰȓȐȖȕȈ
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȣ ȍȡȍ țȚȍȟȍȚ Ȋ ǵȍȊȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖ-
ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȍȚ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȊȖȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ
ȓȦȌșȒȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȔȐ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ȍȓȧ ȈȘȔȐȐ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȐȚȤ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȖȊ
ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌțȚ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȧ ǹȍȘȉȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚșȧ ș ȒȘȖȈȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȧȚ șȊȖȐ Ȕȍȟ-
Țȣ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȐ Ȑ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǰșȝȖȌ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȍȕ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȍȘȉȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈȔ șțȌȤȉț ǺțȘ-
ȞȐȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȝȖȎȐª
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ȇȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ HoȋȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
©ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȘ ȉțȌȍȚ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ Ȑ țȎȈș-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȑȕ ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȑ ȍȦ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕ ȜȘȈȕȒȖ-ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ șȗȖȘ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȖ-ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȖȍ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǹȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ǼȘȈȕȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȍȑ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈȝ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȗȖ ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț ȕȍ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȦȚ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȕȈ șțȠȍ Ȉ
ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ — ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȅȚȈ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ Ȋ
ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ǾȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȊȣȑȌțȚ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȐ-
ȏȐșȈ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ
ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȈȓȐȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȀȚȈ-
ȚȈȔȐª
_____
ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ Ǵ Ǭ ǹȒȖȉȍȓȍȊ Ȋ 1882 ȋ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȕȍș șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȑ ȌȍȗțȚȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ

©Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǬȈ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȍȞ ț
ȕȈș ȊȍȏȌȍ ǸțȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ǵȣ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȘȐȋ ȘȈȉȣ ȍȋȖ șȐȓȣ ǭȋȖ ȉȍșȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚ-
ȊțȦȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȕȈȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ oȚ ȕȐȝ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ ș ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ǰ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟțȎȍ-
ȏȍȔȍȞ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȓȈȏ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȕ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȖȓȤ ȖȗȈșȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ
ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ȑ șȓȈȊȧȕ ȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȖȊț Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ —
ȥȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ ǷȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȠ ȊȘȈȋ
ȕȍȔȍȞ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȔȍȎȌț șȓȈȊȧȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȊȚȖȕȈȔȐ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ
ǶȕȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ, ȒȘȖȊȖȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȚȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȧ țȉȍȎ-
Ȍȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȖȉȍȌȧȚ șȓȈȊȧȕȍ. ǴȖȋț ȊȈș țȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȟȚȖ, ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȣȍ ȍȊ-
ȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȔȐ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉ ǹȍȘȉȐȦ Ȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖȘȐȦ Ƕ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ Ȋȣ ȖȌȕȐ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧª
ǲȈȒ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ǵ Ǭ. ǹȒȖȉȍȓȍȊȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ — ǹȍȘȉȐȧ ȉȖȘȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ

ǰȎșȓȞȖȗ ǯȞȬȟȜȐ
ǽǾǳǲǿǸǮǵǮǻǶȍ ǻǼǿȀǾǮǲǮǺǮ
Ǽ ǿǼǰǾǳǺǳǻǻǼǷ ǰǼǷǻǳ

292
I
ǰȔȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȐȓȐ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔțșȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ -ȑ șȞȍȕȍ ©ǼȈțșȚȈª
ǫȍȚȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ —
geheimnisvolle Buch
Von Nostradamus eigneȋ Hand.
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȉȣȓ țȟȍȕȣȑ
;9, ȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȉȣȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȠȓȐ
ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȍȋȖ ȥȗȖȝȐ — ȗȖ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȦ
ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔȐȘȈ ȌȖ Ȍȕȧ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ
ǹțȌȈ — Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȑȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȐȔȍȦȚ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒțȦ ȊȖȑȕț ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȡțȦ-
șȧ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ
ǵȈȗȖȔȕȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȗȘȖȘȐȞȈ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖȊ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋȈ
ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕȐȧ ǺȐȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ǩȓȥȒȈ Ȑ ȌȘ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȣ
ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ș ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȕȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȜȈȒȚȣ — ȍȡȍ ȕȍȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌțȝȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ șȖȊ-
ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȐșȒțșȕȖȑ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȍȑ — ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȍȚȈ Ȋ ©ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍș-
ȒȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍª ȒȈȒ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ Ȗ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȕȈȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ
ȒȈȒ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ǹȈ-
ȓȖȕșȒȐȑ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ Salon de ǹȋȈuȝ ȊȖȊ-
șȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȋȈȌȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ
Ƕȕ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ -ȋȖ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǹȍȕ-ǸȍȔȐ Ȋ ǷȘȖȊȈȕ-
șȍ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȌ ȗȖ ȖȚȞț ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȖȔ ȌȍȌ ȗȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ — ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȔ ȔȍȌȐȒȖȔ
ȖȚȍȞ — ȕȖȚȈȘȐțșȖȔ ȏȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ Țț ȥȗȖȝț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ

293
ȟȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǨȊȐȕȤȖȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȓțȠȈȓ
ȓȍȒȞȐȐ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ Ȋ ǴȖȕȗȍȓȤȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ
Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȖȌȈȝ Ȑ șȊȖȍ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȍ șȖ-
ȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȐȏȌȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊ șȉȣȓȐșȤ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȚȈȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȏȈ șȖȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ
II Ȑ ǲȈȘȓ ,; ȓȈșȒȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȓȍȑȉ-
ȔȍȌȐȒȈ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȍ,
Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ, ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȧ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȕșȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ ǹȈȓȖȕ
ȋȌȍ Ȑ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ -ȋȖ ȐȦȓȧ  6 ȋȖȌȈ
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȖȏȈȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȖ «Les Pro-
phêties de Ǵ Michel Nostradamus» Ț ȍ ©ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈª ȕȖ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȐª ©ǹȖȚȕȐª (les
Centuries), ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȖ ȕȈ  ȟȈșȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ șȚȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȑ ǲ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ©ǹȖȚ-
ȕȧȔª Ȑȏ ȒȖȐȝ 9,, ȕȍȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ
ȚȈȒȎȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ©ǷȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȕȐȧª
 ȠȍșȚȐșȚȐȠȐȑ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª Ȋ ǳȐȖ-
ȕȍ Ȋ  ȋ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ Ȋ Țț ȥȗȖȝț ȒȖȕȚȘȈȜȈȒȞȐȧ — Ȋ
ǨȊȐȕȤȖȕȍ, Ȋ  ȋ ǬȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȥȒ-
ȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȏȈ editio princeps șȟȐ-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ǳȐȖȕȍ ț ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȧ Pier-
re Rigand, Ȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ
ǵȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȘ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈȝ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȌȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȣ ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ  Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȑ ©ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊª ǪȍȓȐȒȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȍȊ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖșȓȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȚȖ
șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȧȦȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȅ ǩȈȘȍșȚȈ  ȋ Ǩ ǳȍ-ǷȍȓȓȍȚȤȍ
(1867 ȋ
 Ȑ ȀȈȘȓȧ ǵȐȒțȓȓȖ  ȋ ǰȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǵȐȒțȓȓȖ (Char-
les Nicoullaud «Nostradamus», Librairie academique Perrin et
C-ie, Paris, 1914) Ȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊțȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȔȣȝ
ȕȈȔȐ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȤȦ
©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǵȈȗȐșȈȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȘȐȜȔȖȊȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȚȐȝȈȔȐ ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȍ-

294
ȔȍȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȍȔ ȕȖ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ș ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȐȔ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȐ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚ șȓȖȊȈ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȚ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ pugne — pugna,
nave — navus, translaté — translatum, etc.), ȘȈcșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȑȝ
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȖșȖȉȣȔȐ ȞȍȓȧȔȐ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧșȤ
ș ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȐȕȚȈȒșȐșȈ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ — ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
șȈȔȣȍ șȔȍȓȣȍ ȥȓȓȐȗșȣ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȦȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȋȐ ȕȖ ȏȈȟȈșȚțȦ Ȑ ȋȓȈȋȖȓȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ țȋȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȈȕȈȋȘȈȔȔȈ-
ȔȐ Ț ȍ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȉțȒȊ ȒȈȒ Țȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
Ȏȍȕȣ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȧ ȕȍ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ Ȉ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȚȈșȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȐȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȗțȚȈȓ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȓȐșȚȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț ǪȍȘȋȐȓȐȧ ș ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍ-
șȚȊȈȔȐ ǹȐȉȐȓȓȣ ǲțȔșȒȖȑ
ǲ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȕȍ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȉ ȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȍȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȐȕȚțȐȚȐȊȕȣȝ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȕȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȉ ȖșȖȉȖȑ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȑ Ȓ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉț-
ȌȍȚȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȈȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ
ȕȈȑȌțȚ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ,
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ
ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ȀȐȓȓȍȘ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȐȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȦ ǲȈșșȈȕȌȘț ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȐȚȤ Ȗ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
ǪȐȎț ȋȘȖȏȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ
ǺȍȕȤ șȚȐȋȐȑșȒȈȧ șȚȖȐȚ
ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȥȗȖȝȍ ȉȖȓȤ-

295
ȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ Ȓ ȊȐȌț șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȋȘȧȌțȡȐȝ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ǹȖȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȐȒȐ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȈ-
ȓȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȣȊȈȓȖ
ȊȍȘț Ȋ ȕȐȝ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ Ȋ ;9, Ȋ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȐª ȒȈȒ ȕȈ
ȘȐȜȔȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ ǬȖ ȕȈș ȌȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȥȗȐȋȘȈȔȔ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȕȧȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȒȘȐȚȐȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖ ȊȣșȔȍȐȊȈȓșȧ ©ǹȈȓȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒª ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ
ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ǮȖȌȍȓȓȦ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȐȋȘȍ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȝ șȓȖȊ:
Nostradamus — ȐȔȧ Ȑ nostra damus — ȕȈȠȍ ȌȈȍȔ Ț ȍ ȌȈȍȔ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȔ
Nostra damus, cum falsa damus, nam falleree nostrum est;
Et, cum falsa damus, nil nisi nostra damus.
ǿȐȚȈȧ «nostra damus» Ȋ ȌȊȈ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔ ȖȉȡțȦ cȍȕ-
ȚȍȕȞȐȦ
ǵȈȠȍ ȌȈȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȓȖȎȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȐȉȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȋȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȓȖȎȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȠȍ ȌȈȍȔ
ǿȐȚȈȧ «NȖstradamus», ȒȈȒ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔ
ȏȓțȦ ȥȗȐȋȘȈȔȔț
Ǵȣ — ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȍșȓȐ ȓȖȎȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȐȉȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȓȋȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȓȖȎȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȕȣ — ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ.
II
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈ-
ȔȈ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȔȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȔȕȐȔȖȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȘȖ-
ȟȍșȚȊ ǭșȓȐ ȖșȊȖȐȚȤșȧ ș ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ-
ȔȐ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȧ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª
șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ǫ

296
ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȕȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȌȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȌ ȕȖ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȔȍșȧȞ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ șȗțșȚȧ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȐȧ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª
ǷȖȓȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȧȝª ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ,
ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔț șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ șȚȖȧȚ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ
Ȑ ǰȚȈȓȐȧ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
ǷȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ,, Ȑ ǫȍȕ-
ȘȐȝȈ ,,, ǶȚȕȖșȧȡȍȍșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȍ ȋȓȈșȐȓȖ:
Le lyon jeune le vieux surmontera,
En champ bellique par singulier duelle;
Dans cage d’or les yeux luy crevera,
Deux classes une, puis mourir, mort cruelle.
To ȍșȚȤ ©ǳȍȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȐȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȔ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȒȍ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȍȔț ȊȣȒȖȓȍȚ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȣȝ ȏȊȖȕȖȊ șlasses = glas,
ȖȚ ȓȈȚ classicum) — ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ (une) ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ,
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
 ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ȌȊȖȐȔª
ȅȚȖȉȣȓȖȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖȊȋȐȓȐȍșȓȐșȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȈȗȖȒȘȐȜȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖ ȔȍȕȤ-
Ƞȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȋ  ȋ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ
șȚȘȖȜȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȐșȤ -ȋȖ ȐȦȓȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȈȏȌ-
ȕȍșȚȊ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȉȘȈȒȖșȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȣ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȖȑ ș ȋȍȘȞȖȋȖȔ ǼȐȓȐȉȍȘȚȖȔ ȅȔȔȈȕțȐȓȖȔ ǹȈȊȖȑșȒȐȔ
ȉȣȓ țșȚȘȖȍȕ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȚțȘȕȐȘ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȘȈȜ ǴȖȕȋȖ-
ȔȍȘȐ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȘȈȕȐȓ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ,, ȒȖȗȤȍȔ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȠȓȍȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȕȣ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ țȔȍȘ ǪȚȖȘȈȧ
©ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȍȚ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ șȚȐȝ
— șȔȍȘȚȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ,, ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ III țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ǮȈȒȖȔ ǲȓȍ-
ȔȈȕȖȔ ǪȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ
ȕȖ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ țȌȖȉȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȧșȕȍȍ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȊȠȍȔ ȞȈ-

297
ȘȍțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ
ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȍ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ Ȗ șȓȈȊȕȖȑ șțȌȤȉȍ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ IV.
Ǩu chef du monde le grand Chyren sera...
T. ȍ ©ǷȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ Chyren»
Ȑ Ț Ȍ ©Chyren» — ȈȕȈȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȐȊ ȉțȒȊȣ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔ
ȐȔȧ Henryc, Ț ȍ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ,9 ǬȈȓȍȍ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȐ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȓȦȉȐȔ, ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȈȊȈ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȍș Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ
ȍȔț ȚȐȚțȓȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ǷȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȣȑ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ,9 ȘȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȐșȈȓȐșȤ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȐª Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȓȈȌȍȕ-
ȞȍȔ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȘȍȉȍȕȒț ȎȍȓȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȓȤșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ ǺȘțȌȕȍȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȋȖȌ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ,9 Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ
Les armes en mains jusques six cents et dix.
Guerres plus loin ne s’estendant sa vie.
T. e.: ©ǹ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȖ  Ȑ  ȊȖȑȕȍ ȌȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤª ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ,9 ȉȣȓ țȉȐȚ ǸȈȊȈȑȓȈȒȖȔ -ȋȖ
ȔȈȧ 6 ȋȖȌȈ  ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ
ǪȖșȚȖȘȎȠȐȣȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȟȚȖ
ȌȈȓȍȍ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȧȝ ȧșȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȗ ȏȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȍ ǹȍȕ-ǴȈȘșȈ  ȋ Ȗ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍ ǳȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ;,9 ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȐ ȌȈȕȈ ȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȌȈȚȈ  ȋ ȒȈȒ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
Ȏȍȕ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ǳȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ;9 ȖȗȐșȈȕȈ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ
ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȖȘȓȐȊ
ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȑ
 ȒȈȏȕȤ ǲȈȘȓȈ ,  Ț ȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǲȘȖȔȊȍȓȧ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖșȓȍȎȍȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȏȈ ȠȈȋȖȔ
ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȟȍȕȣ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȧ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǪȈȘȍȕ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕ ȒȈȏȕȤ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȣ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȜȐȕȈ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȧ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈ-
ȚȖȊ ǵȈȕȚșȒȐȧ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȧ ȖșȈȌȈ ǳȐȖȕȈ ȚȐȘȈȕȐȧ ǸȖȉȍșȗȤȍ-
ȘȈ Ȑ Ț Ȍ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌ-

298
șȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȔșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȍ ȕȈ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ șțȌȤȉȣ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ,
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȖȊ
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȧȝª Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȐ
Un Emperour naistra près d’Italie,
Qui à l’Empire sera vendu bien cher;
Diront, avec quels henus il se ralie,
Qu’on trouvera moins prince que boucher.
T. e.: ©ǵȍȒȐȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉȓȐȏ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȕȈ ǲȖȘ-
șȐȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ șȚȖȐȚȤ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
 șȒȈȎțȚ ȊȐȌȧ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȓȦ-
ȌȤȔȐ Ȗȕ șȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȘȍȎȍ ȗȘȐȕ-
ȞȈ ȟȍȔ ȔȧșȕȐȒȈª ǴȖȎȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ șȚȘȖȜȈ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȍȚ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ
ǬȈȓȍȍ ȗȖ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȧȝª
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ ©șȊȖȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔª ȘȍȟȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ
șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȚȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȈȘȔȐȐª ǸȈr sa langue séduira grande
troupe); ȟȚȖ ©ȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍª Ț ȍ Ȋ ǭȋȐȗȚȍ (Son bruit au ȋȍgne d’Orient
plus croistra); ȟȚȖ ©ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ
șȓȈȊȖȑª (Son apre gloire un chacum la craindra); ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ©Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ»
(De soldat simple et parviendra en empire); ȟȚȖ ©ȚȐȘȈȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ  ȓȍȚª Ț ȍ ș  ȋ ȗȖ  ȋ (Par quatorze ans
tiendra la tyrannie), Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ©ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕ
ȗȘȖȋȕȈȕª (après sera vaincu, chassé).
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ ȒȖȔȔȍȕ-
ȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȖȟȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ȉȘȈȒȖȔª Ț ȍ ș ǴȈȘȐȍȑ-ǳțȐȏȖȑ (Le diven
mal Surprendra le grand Prince, — un peu avant aura femma
epousé); ©ȖȘȍȓ ȖȘȓȣ ǼȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȚȍșȕȐȔȣȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȔȐ cȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȕ ȌȘțȋȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐª Ț ȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȔȐ șȖȦȏȕȣȝ ȈȘȔȐȑ (L’aigle pous-
sé en tout de pavillons — Par autres oyse auix d’entour sera
chassé).

299
ǬȈȓȍȍ țșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȧȝª Ȑ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ©șȚȈ
Ȍȕȍȑª ©Ƿȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ
 ȉȓȐȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǰȚȈ-
ȓȐȑȞȍȊ ȕȈ Ȗ-Ȋȍ ȅȓȤȉȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ — ǷȍȘȍȍȌȍȚ ǫȍȕțȥȏ-
șȒȐȑ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȌȖ ǴȈȘșȍȓȧ ǵȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȟț-
ȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ Ț ș șȖȦȏȕȣȝ ȈȘȔȐȑ
 ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕª
(Le șaptif Prince aux Itales, vaicu, — Passera Gennes par mer
jusqu'a Marseille, Par grand effort des forens survaincu). ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
ȕȈ cȊ ǭȓȍȕț ©ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǫȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȌȓȍ ǵȐȞȞȣ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȈȕȍșȍȚ șȍȉȍ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȧ țȌȈȘ — ǲ ȈȕȚȐȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȔ Ț ȍ Ȓ ȈȕȚȐȗȖȌȈȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ — ǷȖ ȔȖȘȦ ǷȐȓȓȤ (ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ?) Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ-
ȚȐȝȕȍȚ» (Grand Roy viendra prendre port près de Nice, — Le
grand Empire de la rnort si en fera, — Aux antipoles posera
son genice, — Par mer la Pille, tout esvanouyra). ǪȣȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ț ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘȧ ȒȈȒ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ ȕȍ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
Naistra sur terre aucun aemulateur.
ǲȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȋ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȧȝª Ȑ ȊșȦ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠțȦ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȥȗȖȝț ȘȍșȚȈȊȘȈȞȐȐ ǳȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ;9,,, ȋȘ
ȀȈȔȉȖȘȈ ǳȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ-ǼȐȓȐȗȗȈ ȗȖȓȤșȒțȦ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ ȊȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒț ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȦ ȜȘȈȕȒȖ-ȗȘțșșȒțȦ ȊȖȑȕț,
ȖșȈȌț ǷȈȘȐȎȈ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǳȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ
țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ǹȍȌȈȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ Ȋ ȈȕȈȋȘȈȔ-
Ȕȍ Ǫ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȋȌȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ
ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȍ ,,, ©ȚȍȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȧª șȚȖȧȚ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ-
ȡȐȍ șȔȣșȓȈ șȓȖȊȈ «dedans lectoyre»; ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ: «Sedan le décȋȖytª Ț ȍ ©ǹȍȌȈȕ
ȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȋȈȍȚª ǲȚȖ Ȑȏ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȏȈ-
ȋȈȌȒț ȏȈȌȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ ;9, Ȋ"
ǹȓȈȉțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȕșȚȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȖșȤ
post factum. Ǫșȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȣ-
ȔȐ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȏ Ȉ Ș Ȉ ȕ ȍ ȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǹȈȓȖȕșȒȐȑ
ȗȘȖȘȖȒ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȖȜȍ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȖșȤ șȚȈ-

300
ȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ©ȗȘȍȠȍȌȠȐȔª Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȐ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ș ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋȖȔ Ȑ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȟȍ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȑ ǺȈȒ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ;9,,, Ȋ ȕȍ
țȔȍȓȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Țȍȝ șȚȘȖȜ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȖȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȖȍ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ șțȌȤȉȣ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ , Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȕȐȝ ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȑ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȑ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ
;,; Ȋ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȅ ǩȈȘȍșȚ Ȑ Ǩ ǳȍ-ǷȍȓȓȍȚȤȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȓ
ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕț , șȚȘȖȜȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȣ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ - ȋȋ ȕȈȗȘ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓȐ ȒȖ Ȋȏȧ-
ȚȐȦ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ șȖȦȏȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ Ȋ  ȋ. șȚȐȝȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
șȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ©ȚȖȟȕȣȔª ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ȖșȈȌȣ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ȗȘțș-
șȈȒȈȔȐ Ȋ  ȋ. ...
Ǫ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ
— șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȎȍ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ Ǵȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ©Ǿȍȕ-
ȚțȘȐȧȝª Țȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȚȤ ș șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐșȧ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȊȐȌȞȈ ȅȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
— ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȜȈȒȚȈȔȐ
ȖȘȈȒțȓȣ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȖȕȣȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȘȐȚȍȚȖȔ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȖȊ
III
ǲȈȒ Ȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȧ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȍ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȒȈȍȔȣȝ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȑ ǵȖ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ Ȋ șȚȘȖȜȈȝ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȈȚȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȌȖ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ  șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝȈȝ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ ǺȈȒ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ;; ȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǹȈȓȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ ȌȊȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ
ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ
țȎȈșȈȔ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒțȦ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ ȥȚț
ȋȘȧȌțȡțȦ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒțȦ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ
«la libitine» — ȘȈșȗțȚȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȖcșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖ-
ȕȈȘȝȐȐ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ

301
©ȧȊȐȚșȧ Ȑȏ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐª Ȑ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ǼȘȈȏȐȉț-
ȓȈ Ȋ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȧȝª Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚșȧ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ©ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǼȘȈ-
ȏȐȉțȓȈª ǶȉȈ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȘȐțȘȖȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȈȎȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ
ȌȈȚȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ  ȋ
Ǫ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ 6-ȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȖșȚȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȌȖ  ȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ©ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈª ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȉțȌțȡȐȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȧȊȧȚșȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȐȕȍ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ
ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȚșȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚȖȑ șȖȖȚ-
ȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ǷȖȒȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȉȍȏ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȊȏȧȚȣȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ
ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ǪȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ
ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȒȈȓ
ǹȈȓȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ Ȗ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȧȝ
ǷȖșȓȍ șȚȘȖȜȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȖ-
ȕȖșȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍșȚȐ ǰȚȈȓȐȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȐȔȍȕȐȍȔ
ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ǺȘȐȗȖȓȐȚȈȕ-
șȒțȦ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔ ȗȐȠȍȚ
Un peu après non point longue intervale,
Par mer et terre sera faict grand tumulte,
Beaucoup plus grande sera pugne navale,
Feux, animaux, qui plus feront d’insulte.
T. e.: ©ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚ-
ȒȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ șȔȧ-
ȚȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȉȐȚȊȈ ȖȋȕȐ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȧȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȖª Ǫșȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȧșȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȖȜȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȈȡȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȊȖȑȕț ș ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȉȖȍȔ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ ©ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ»,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ©ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȚȤª ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȉȘȈȕȤ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȊȠțȦ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȒȐ

302
ǬȈȓȍȍ ȟȐȚȈȍȔ:
Le grand empire chacun an devoit estre,
Un sur les autres le viendra obtenir,
Mais peu de temps sera son reigne et estre,
Deux ans naves se pourra soustenir.
T. e.: ©ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ
ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȉȣ
 șȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȋȖȌȖȊ (chacun Ȉn);
ȖȕȈ ȖȌȕȈ (un) ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȘȧȌȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ — sur
les autres viendra), ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ (le obtenir); ȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȍȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ
— son reigne Ȑ ȉȣȚȐȍ (estre); ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȐ ȊcȍȔ
șȚȈȘȈȕȐȐ (naves, șȚȈȘ. șȓȖȊȖ — șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țșȍȘȌȕȣȑ ȓȈȚ.
— navus), ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧª ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȖȜȍ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ  ȋ Ȑ ȌȓȐȚșȧ Ȋ  ȗȘȍȌ-
șȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȜȈȒȚȈȔ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ șȚȘȖȜț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ Ȓ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔț II.
Premier en Gaule, premier en Roumanie
Par mer et terre aux Anglois et Paris,
Merveilleux faits par celle grand’ mesnie
Violant terax perdra le Norlaris.
T.e.: ǿȚȖȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ
 ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȋ ǫȈȓȓȐȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȔ Ȋ ǸȖȔȈȕȐȐ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ
 ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ
ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ Ȑ ȕȈ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȍȧȕȐȧ ȉțȌțȚ șȖȊȍȘ-
Ƞȍȕȣ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ (mesnie, șȚȈȘ. ǹȓȖ-
ȊȖ — ȏȕȈȚȕȣȑ ȘȖȌ lignée), (ȕȖ) ȧȘȖșȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ (violant te-
rax), Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚ Norlaris». Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȖȜȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
șȓȖȊȖ Norlaris; ȖȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȈȕȈȋȘȈȔȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ
ȉțȒȊ ȌȈȍȚ Lorrains, Ț ȍ ȓȖȚȈȘȐȕȋȞȍȊ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǳȖȚȈȘȐȕȋȐȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖșȚȐȠȐȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȋ ȊȐȌț șțȌȤ-
ȉȣ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ
Le grand empire sera tost translaté
En lieu petit, qui bien tost viendra croistre,

Lieu bien infime d’exigue comté
Ou du milieu viendra poser son sceptre.
To ȍșȚȤ ©ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ǨȊșȚȘȐȧ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȈ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ Ȕȍș-
ȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
 ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȚȤ,
ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȍ șȒțȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ,," ȊȖȌȘțȏȐȚ șȊȖȑ șȒȐȗȍȚȘª Ǫ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȝ șȚȘȖȜȈ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ
ǺȈȒȖȊȣ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȐȕȍ Ǫ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑȝ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȈȠ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋ-ȎȈ Ǻȥȉ Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ,
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ șȚȐȝȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ;9, <Ȋ> ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȗ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȒȘȈȧ
ȓȖȚȈȘȐȕȋȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȖȉȘȍȓȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ  ȋ ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ Ȋȣ-
ȧșȕȐȚ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȐȝȐ ©ǾȍȕȚțȘȐȑª ȖȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ
șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ș ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ǭșȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȕȍȒȖȍȑ ©ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȐȚ-
Ȋȣª ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚ ǳȖȚȈȘȐȕȋȐȦ Ȉ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕȐȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ©Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖª ȋȌȍ
Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȌȘțȎȍȕ șȒȐȗȍȚȘ ȟȍȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȋȍȋȍȔȖȕȐȐ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ǷȘțșșȐȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘ-
șȚȊȈ — ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ șȖȊ-
ȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ ș ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȈȕșȈȓȤșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȔȍȌȐȒȈ ;9, ȊȍȒȈ
ǪȈȘȠȈȊȈ.

ǺȖȣ ǿȠȞȜȓȐ
Ƕȃ ǿȁǲȊǯǮ
ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȗ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ

305
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘțșșȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ șȚȈȓ Ȍȓȧ
Ȋșȍȝ ȧșȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȎȕȣȝ ȈȘȝȐȊȖȊ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ
ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȕȖȔț ȧșȕȖȊȐȌ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȖȋȖ
Ǫ ȕȐȎȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ
©ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈª Ȗ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ
I
Ǫ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗ
ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȈȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȚ-
ȟȈșȚȐ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ — ȟȐșȚȖ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȐ

306
ȒȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȖȊ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ
ȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȍ ǩțȌȍȚ ȓȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ — ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
Ǩ ȚțȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ǫȍ-
șȤȔȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșț:
— ǲȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜț ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘ-
ȕȖȊ"— ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȟȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ"
— ǲȈȒȖȊ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ"
II
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȋ-
ȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ǩȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȊ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȋ-
ȓȧȌȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȣȔȣșȍȓ ǻȥȓȤșȈ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȟȍș-
ȒȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ǼȓȈȔȔȈȘȐȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȧ ǷȐȜȐȐ
ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȋ-ȎȐ Ȍȍ Ǻȥȉ ȋȈȌȈȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȖȑ ȋțȡȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȖȑ ȏȕȈȝȈȘȒȐ — ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍș-
ȒȈȧ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ
ǴȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ș ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ — ȕȍ ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ. ǹȖ-
ȊȘȍȔșȐȕȣȍ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ țȠȓȐ Ȑ
ȖȚ ȌȍȓȤȜȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȘȈȒțȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȋȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȖȑ ȋțȡȍ.
ǵȖ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ ȉțȌțȡȍ-
ȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȈ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕțȦ ȗȖȟȊț ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȖȓ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ
șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌ șȖ ȌȕȍȔ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ — Ȑ
ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ — șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ Ȗȗ-
ȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȈ
ǪȓȐȧȕȐȦ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ șȈȔȣȍ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȖȘȖșȒȖȗȖȊ ȏȈȕȐȔȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ șȚȘȈȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ
Ǫ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȈșȚȘȖȓȖȋȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ-
Țȍȓȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȖȋȌȈȠȕȐȑ ȔȐȘ ȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȍ șțȌȤȉț
ǭȊȘȖȗȣ Ȑ ș ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ȊȣșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȊȖȍȑ
ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǪȍȘȈ Ȋ șțȌȤȉț" Ǫ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȍ" ǶȚȟȈșȚȐ ȌȈ ȕȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ

307
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ — ȊȍȘȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȘ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȚȐȧ ǻȏȕȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȊȖȐ
ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ș țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ — ȊȖȚ
ȖșȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȧ ș ȌȍȓȤȜȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȘȈȒțȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ.
III
ǹȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘ-
ȕȖȊ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȐȑ șȈȔ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȔȖȋ
ȉȣ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ ȕȍ
ȋȍȕȐȦ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȈ ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝȈ, Ȉ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȓȤȕȖȊȐȌȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǳȍȖȗȖȓȤȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ
ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ǳȐȚȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ
ȔȍȎȌț ǷȖȓȤȠȍȑ Ȑ ǳȐȚȊȖȑ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜȈ —
Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ǷȖȓȤȠȐ ȖȚ ȓȐȚȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘțșșȖȊ
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȍ ȚȍȊȚȖȕȣ șȢȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘțșșȖȊ Ȑȝ Ȉȗ-
ȗȍȚȐȚ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȈȔȖȑ ǷȖȓȤȠȍ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǫȖȋȍȕ-
ȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ Ȋ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȖȔ ȔȈȘȒȋȘȈȜșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȉțȌțȡțȦ
ǷȘțșșȐȦ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕțȦ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ
ǺȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȕȈȝț ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕț
ȗȘȐȖȘț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȋ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋȍ ȎȐȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ǽII-Ȕ
ȊȍȒȍ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ
Vaticinium Lehninense, ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȎȐȓ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕ — ȐȔȍȦȚ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șțȌȤȉț ȔȖȕȈ-
șȚȣȘȧ Ȑ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȤȦ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȊȖșȗȍȊȈȧ Ȋ ȏȊțȟȕȣȝ ȋȍȒȏȈȔȍȚȘȈȝ șțȌȤȉț ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȗȘȖȏȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ ȔȖȕȈȝ ȌȈȍȚ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȍȋȖ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȧșȕȣȍ ȕȈȔȍ-

308
ȒȐ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡțȦ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ
IV
ǶȗțșȚȐȔ Țț ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈ-
șȈȍȚșȧ șȒțȟȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ Ȋ ǩȘȈȕ-
ȌȍȕȉțȘȋȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ - ȋȋ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǴȈȋȌȍȉțȘȋȈ
ǩȘȈȕȌȍȉțȘȋȈ Ȑ ǷȘțșșȐȐ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ -1688 ȋȋ
ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ Ȑȏ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȚȖȐȚȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȈȘț șȓȖȊ
Ǫ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȘțșșȐȐ ȖȚ  ȌȖ 1861
ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ
— Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ȑ țȕȣȕȐȐ
ǲȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ
ȌȊțȝ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝȈ-ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ ,,, Ȑ
ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝȈ-ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ IV ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȍ
ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȉțȘȍȑ  ȋȖȌȈ..
ǵȖ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ șȣȕț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȗ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȉȣ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ
ȐȉȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚșȧ
ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȈȘȣ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ — ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦȚ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ — ȖȚȕȖ-
șȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔț , ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȦ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȖȊ
ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȋȍȒȏȈȔȍȚȘȈȔ ȔȖȕȈȝȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȖȚ 6 ȌȖ  ȋ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȖȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐ-
ȚȐȧ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǷȘțșșȐȐ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȐȗȍȚȘ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧȊȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ Ȋ șȗȐșȒȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ

309
Ǵȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șțȌȤȉȣ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȊȓȈș-
ȚȐȚȍȓȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ǵȖ — șȒȈȎțȚ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ — ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ
ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ șțȌȍȉ șȈȔȖȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ ț ȔȖȕȈȝȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȖ-
ȔȕȍȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȈșȚȣȘȤ șȖȉȍȘȍȚ șȊȖȐ șȚȈȌȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ —șȊȖȐȝ
ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕȉțȘȋ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈ șȊȖȐ ȌȖȓȋȖȓȍȚ-
ȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȍȘȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎ-
Ȍȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȐȕȖȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȋȈ ǬȘȍȊȕȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ ǳȍȕȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ.
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ǩȘȈȕȌȍȕ-
ȉțȘȋȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚșȧ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ
— ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȣ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȐȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǫȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ ȔȖȕȈȝ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘțșșȒȖȑ ȋȍȋȍȔȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȖȚ
ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȍ ȕȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȥȚȖ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊ ȊȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȟȈȦȚșȧ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȚȍ-
ȓȧ ǳȍȕȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȔȖȕȈȝȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ ȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
V
ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣ ȚȐȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ «ȔȈȑȕȞșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ» ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ ȊȔȍȕȐ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖ-
șȚȧȝ ǴȈȑȕȞȈ

310
ǶȚ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȔȖȕȈȝȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȕȈ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ.
Ǫ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ «ȔȈȑȕȞșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ»
ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕțȦ ȊȖȑȕț ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ș ǨȊșȚȘȐȍȑ —
Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Ȑ ș ǼȘȈȕȞȐȍȑ — Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɤɢɫɬɢ ȼɢɥɶɝɟɥɶɦɚ ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɥɟɬ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚ-
ɠɚɟɬ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɛɨɣ ɜ Ƚɟɥɶɝɨɥɚɧɞɟ Ⱦɭɦɚɥ ɥɢ ȼɢɥɶɝɟɥɶɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɡɵɝɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɤɪɭɲɚɬ ɟɝɨ
ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɸ"
ǲ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȗȘȐțȘȖȟȐȊȈȦȚ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ «ȔȈȑȕȞ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊ»:
— ȅȓȤȏȈș Ȑ ǳȖȚȈȘȐȕȋȐȧ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȣ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ șȘȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȓșȘȖȒȈ (pour un temps et un demi-temps).
ȅȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȜȘȈȕȒȖ-ȗȘțș-
șȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ «șȘȖȒ»  ȓȍȚ Ȑ «ȗȖȓșȘȖȒȈ» 15
ȓȍȚ Ȉ ȊșȍȋȖ —  ȓȍȚ Ȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ țȚȍȘȧȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȑ ȗȘȐțȘȖȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ     ȋȖȌț
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ «ȔȈȑȕȞșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ» ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
— ǫȖȘȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȍȊȍȘȈ — șȍȌȤȔȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȊȖȐ ȏȓȖȌȍȧȕȐȧ ǫȖȘȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ — Țȣ

311
ȗȘȖȓȤȍȠȤ ȕȍȊȐȕȕțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȖȋȓȈșȐȠȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȐ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȘȈȚȐ.
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ
ǸȍȟȤ ȚțȚ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȖȊ — Ȗ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
(ȕȈȘȖȌ șȍȊȍȘȈ
 Ȑ ǨȊșȚȘȖ-ǪȍȕȋȘȐȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ
Ƕ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȍ ȔȈȑȕȞșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ
— ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȍȔ ǷȘțșșȐȐ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ, ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǷȖȓȤȠȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǹȈȒșȖȕȐȐ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȝ.
ǳȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘ-
ȕȖȊ
— ǺȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȈȑȕȞșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤ — ȗȘȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ șȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȌȣȔȈ
ǲȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
ȋȖȌȐȟȕȣȑ ȞȐȒȓ șȖȓȕȞȈ, Ț ȍ, ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ-
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȊȖȍȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȗȖȉȍȌț
ǬȊȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȉțȌțȚ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȣ ǶșȚȈȚȒȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ
ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȑ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
«ǬȊȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ» — ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ǨȊșȚȘȐȧ
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ"
ǬȖ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȧ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȟȈșȚȤ «ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ» șȈȔȈ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȈ ǺțȘȞȐȧ
VI
ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȈȌȈȓ-
ȒȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȟȕȖ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔț , Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȍ

— ǲȈȒȖȊȈ ȔȖȧ șțȌȤȉȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ
— Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȋȈȌȈȓ-
ȒȈ ǵȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ
— Ǫ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ" — ȋȈȌȈȓȒȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȞȐȜ-
ȘȈȔȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
18491
8
4
9
_________
ǰȚȖȋ .   ȋȖȌ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕ ȋȖȌ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ ,
18711
8
71
_____
1888
ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȋȖȌ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ:
18881
8
8
8
_____
1913

ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȔȐȘȈ ǯȕȈȦȚ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȑ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ
ǲȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ — ȖȕȐ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ
șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț
șțȌȍȉ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ șȉȣȊȈȦȚșȧ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȉȖșȚȘȧȍȚșȧ
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǸȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ «ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ» ȏȈȊȐșȧȚ ȖȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ
ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȧ ȊȏȊȍșȐȚȤ Ȑ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȚȤ Țȍ șȐȓȣ «ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ»,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȊȖȘȧȚ «ȉțȌțȡȍȍ».
ǰȉȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔȍȘȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȕȖșȚȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ

ǮțȜțȖȚ
ǺǶǾ ǵǮǹǶȀȉǷ ǸǾǼǰȊȌ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȈȉȉȈȚȈ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ

315
Ǫ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȓ șȚȈȚȤȍ Ǵ.
ǹȚȘȖȍȊȈ ©ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȗ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊª «ǨȘȋțș», ȹ 
Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȘȖ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȈȘȈșȒȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȈȉȉȈȚȈ ǰȖ-
ȈȕȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǳȈȚȐȕșȒȐȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ
ȍȡȍ Ȋ  ȋ șȣȕȖȔ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ǨȌ-
ȘȐȍȕȈ ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȚȘȍȝȚȖȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ©Ƕ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈȝª
ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǹ ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ Ȏȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȍȔț ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȖȟȍșȒȐȍ ©ȓȈȗȣ ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌȈª Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ
ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕȈ
ȉȘȈȚ ǰȖȈȕȕ ȉȣȓ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȔ ȔȖ-
ȕȈȝȖȔ ȎȐȊȠȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȊȠȐȔ
șȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈ-
ȚȖȔ ȊȍȒȍ
ǲȈȑȏȍȘ-ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ
1. ǳȦȌȐ ǷȘȐȌȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȓȖȕȐȚ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȏȓȖȔ
2. ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȖȊ Ƕȕ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȖșȓȈȕȞȍȔ
ǭȋȖ

316
3. Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ȓȎȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȓȧșȚȤșȧ ǩȐȉȓȐȍȑ Ƕȕ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȌȍșȕȐȞȍȑ ǪșȍȊȣȠȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȍȟȍ-
șȚȐȊȣȝ
4. ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȘțȒȈ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ
ȈȘȔȐȐ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ ȌȍȊȐȏȖȔ ©ǩȖȋ ȏȈ ȕȈș», ȉțȌțȚ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȈȌ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȈȔȐ
5 ǬȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǭȋȖ ȠȗȐȖȕȣ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȧȚ ȔȐȘ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕȖȔ ȚȈȑȕ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȑ
 ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȍȖȓȖȋȐ ȏȈ ȗȓȈȚț țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȧȦȡȐȍ ȍȋȖ
șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ
7. ǪȖȑȕȈ ȌȈșȚ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋ șȒȐȕțȚȤ ȔȈșȒț
8. Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȏȖȊȍȚ Ȓ ȖȘțȎȐȦ Ȋșȍȝ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ Ȑ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕ Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ǨȘȔȐȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ-
șȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȟȈșȚȧȝ șȊȍȚȈ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȕȈ — ȌȍȓȈ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ
9 ǺȖȋȌȈ ȌțȠȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ǨȕȋȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ
ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȈȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ șȚȈ-
ȕțȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȈȔȐ ȍșȓȐ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ șȚȘȧȝȕțȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
 ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ ȗȖȏȕȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊț Ȍȍȓ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȕȈȝȖȊ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ
ȗȖȊșȦȌț ș ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ ȕȖ ș
ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ
11 ǭȋȖ ȓțȒȈȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȔȐ ȕȖ
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȌȍȓȈ ǵȍȘȖȕȈ Ȑ eȋȖ ȘȐȔșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȉȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȍȘȉȍ ȍȋȖ șȖȦȏȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȈ
12. ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȧȚ ǷȈȗȖȑ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ
ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
 ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȕȈȝȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȖȉȡȈȚȤ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȈȔȐ ȊșȚțȗȧȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȧȌȣ ȗȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ
ǷȈȗȣ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȍȟȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȘȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ

317
ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚ ȚȖ ȗȖ șȓȍ-
ȌȈȔ ȔțȟȍȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ǾȈȘșȚȊȖ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȍ
14. ǩțȓȓȈ ǷȈȗȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȖȦȏȕȐȒȈ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ
15. ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ țȉȐȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ǸȐȔ ǻșȐȓȐȍ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ
șȚȖȘȖȕ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȚțȝț ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌț Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȖȘȓț ȕȍ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȖȘȓȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚ-
ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
16. ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȓȦȉȐȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȑ ǬȍȔȖȕȈ
ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
17. ǷȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȌȊțȝșȖȚȖȔț ȋȖȌț Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȈȘȔȐȧ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȐ
18. ǴȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ ȖȘȌȈȔȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȍ, ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ șȘȍȌȐ
ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǨȋȕȞȈ ȉțȌțȚ Ȑ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕȍ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈ
19. Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ǨȋȕȍȞ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǵȍȉȖ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉțȌțȚ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣ ȖȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȈșȣȚȐȚșȧ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȧȚșȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈ
20. ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȕȈȒȐȕȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȚțȝȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȚȍ-
ȘȧȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȤȍȊ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȊȈȎȕȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤșȧ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȠȗȖȘȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋ
ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌ ș ȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ
21. ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǳȦȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕȍȚ
ȗȍȚțȝȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, Ȑ ȏȈȑȔȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕț ȍȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ
22. ǩȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ș șȍȊȍȘȈ, ȕȈșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ oȚ
ȒȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ
ǸȍȒȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȦȚ ȚȍȓȈ
23. ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȉțȌțȟȐ șȐȓȖȦ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȍ-
ȚțȝȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȉȍȓȣȔ ȖȘȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȚțȝ ȉțȌȍȚ

ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȤ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȖȘȓț.
24. Ǫșȍ ȉȐȚȊȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȎțȚșȧ
ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȔȐ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌțȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǳȦȚȍȘȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȍȔȤ ǨȕȋȍȓȖȊ ȉțȌțȚ ȐȏȓȐȊȈȚȤ
ȖȋȖȕȤ ș ȕȍȉȍș ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȍȟȍșȚȐȊȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȊȏȧȚȣȑ Ȑȏ ǨȗȖ-
ȒȈȓȐȗșȐșȈ ȐȉȖ ǨȋȕȍȞ ȌȈșȚ ȊȍȓȍȕȐȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȘȖȌ ǨȕȚȐ-
ȝȘȐșȚȈ
 ǲȖȋȌȈ ǯȊȍȘȤ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȓȖȉȍ ȕȍ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ ȒȓȦȊ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ ȒȖȋ-
ȚȐ ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌȈ Ȑ ȠȗȖȘȣ ȗȍȚțȝȈ
20. ǸȍȒȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȦȚ ȔȈșșȣ Țȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȧȚ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȕȋȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȞȣ ȒȘȖȊȐ țȌȖșȚȖȧȚșȧ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȔ
ȖȚ ȖȘțȎȐȧ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȧȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȔȈșșȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȍ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ
ȟțȔȣ
27. ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȗ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȖ
șȍȔȤ ǨȕȋȍȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȊȍȌțȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȚȘȍȝ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȝ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǨȋȕȞȈ ȏȈȧȊȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ-
șȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȒȕȍȚ ȌȖȓț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȒȈȍȚ șȖȓȖȔȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȖȚȤȉȣ
28. ǰșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȐ șțȌȈ ǨȋȕȞȈ ȚȘȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȖȑȕț ȗȖȒȈ ț ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȊȖȑșȒȈ
29. ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȘȖȕț Ȑ țȔȘȍȚ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ
ȊșȍȔȐ ǭȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȠȚȈȚȈ ȕȖ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȕȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȐ
ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȕȐ ȜȓȖȚȈ
30 ǩȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȐȏȋȖȕȐȚ ȗȖȓțȔȍșȧȞ Ȑȏ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕțȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȍ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ ȏȈȑȔȍȚ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȤ
 ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȥȘȈ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȞȊȍȚȈȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȍȏ
ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǪȖȑȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ș ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȚșȧ șȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ
ǨȉȉȈȚ ǰȖȈȕȕ

319
ǸǼǺǺǳǻȀǮǾǶǶ
Ǫșȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ
ǩȍȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ
ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
Ǫșȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ǫ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȐȑ Țȍ ȐȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȑ ȓȐȉȖ Ȏȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȜȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ș  ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȣ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǹ Ƿ ǳȖȌȣȋȐȕȈ
____ _
ǩ ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ ǬțȝȖȊȐȌȍȞ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȐȊȈ ǭȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖ-
ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ 191 ȌȍȒȈȉȘȤ
ǩ Ǩ ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ 71-1936) — ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ȔȍȔțȈȘȐșȚ ǹȣȕ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȒȈ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȣ Ǩ Ǵ ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȈ ǲȐȍȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ  șȓțȎȐȓ Ȋ ǹȍȊȈ-
șȚȖȗȖȓȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ǹ  ȋ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ ȌȖ  ȋ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȌȊțȔȧ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ -ȚȖȔȕȖȍ șȖȉȘ
șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ǹ  ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȓȐȚ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ
ǩ ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ ǶȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔț șȉ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ƿȋ 
ǩ ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ. ǩȍȋșȚȊȖ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔț șȉ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ƿȋ 1915).

320
ǹ  ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊșȒȈȧ șȊȧȚȈȧ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȝ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ǵ Ǫ ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊȈ -1942).
ǹ  ǫȈȘȠȐȕȖȊșȒȐȔȐ ©ǯȈȗȐșȒȈȔȐ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ» — Ț ȍ.
ȗȖȊȍșȚȤȦ Ǫ Ǵ ǫȈȘȠȐȕȈ -1888) ǰȏ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ ǰȊȈ-
ȕȖȊȈ Ȗ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ  ȋȖȌȈ  ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗțȉȓ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ǰȏ ȊȖșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ, 1883).
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ǺȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș  ȹ 
Ǩ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ -1945) – ȗȖȓȤ-
șȒȖ-ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ
ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȍȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȧȌȈ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȒȖȊ ȒȕȐȋ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǷȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ǰ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ȑ
ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȉȖȋȐ (1922 Ȗ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȐ Ȑ
ȉȈȘȖȕȍ ǻȕȋȍȘȕȍ
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǳțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ  ȹ 41, 10 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ.
Ǵ. ǲȘȐȕȐȞȒȐȑ. ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ   ȐȦȓȧ
©ǴȈȘȒ ǲȘȐȕȐȞȒȐȑª — ȓȐȚ ȐȔȧ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȈ Ǵ
Ǫ ǹȈȔȣȋȐȕȈ - ǰȏ ȌȊȖȘȧȕ ȊȣȗțșȒȕȐȒ ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȈ ǴȖșȒ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ǫ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ș
Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊȣȔ Ȋ  ȋ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ șȉ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ǫ ȚțȔȈȕȍ Ǫ
1897- ȋȋ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȘțșșȒțȦ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȋ Ǻțȓȍ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊȖ-ǪȖȏȕȍșȍȕșȒȍ ǲȖȓȖȔȕȍ Ȑ ǸȧȏȈȕȐ ǬȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȖȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȓ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȏȈȘȈȉȖ-

321
ȚȈȊ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ ȗȖȓțȉțȓȤȊȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ǫ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȐșȈȓ
ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȗȤȍșȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǩȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ ǲȈȐȕ  Ȗ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ Ȑ ǫȘȈȎȌ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȑ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȊȈȕȐȍȔ șȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗșȐȝȖȕȍȊȘȖȓȖȋȐȟ ȒȓȐȕȐȒȍ ȋ ǫȖȘȤȒȖȋȖ
Ǫ. ǩȍȓȖȊ. ©ǲȖȔț ȟȚȖ șțȎȌȍȕȖª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ  ȹ .
Ǫ Ǵ ǩȍȓȖȊ ȖȒ -ȍ — ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ Ǫ -ȝ
ȋȋ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ǵȐȊȍ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǹȐȕȍȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ǩȐȘȎȍ-
Ȋȣȝ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȧȝ Ȑ ȌȘ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ǻȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
Ȋ ȟȐȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕ ȌȊțȔȧ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊșȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȍșȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȊȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȚȘȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ǫ  ȋ
ȕȍȓȍȋȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ ȥșȚȖȕșȒțȦ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȖșȕȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǸȍȊȍȓȍ ȋȈȏ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȧ șȔȍȕȖȊȍȝȖȊșȒȐȍ
ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȌȊȖȘȍȕ Ȑȏ ȅșȚȖȕȐȐ Ȋ  ȋ Ȑȏ ǳȈȚȊȐȐ
ȏȈ ȗȘȖșȖȊȍȚșȒțȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǷȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ȋ -ȝ
ȋȋ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ
Ǩ. ǩțȝȖȊ. ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ   ȈȊȋțșȚȈ
Ǩ ǹ ǩțȝȖȊ -1937) — ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚ șȈȚȐȘȐȒ Ȝȍ-
ȓȤȍȚȖȕȐșȚ ȌȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȎțȘȕ.
ǹȈȚȐȘȐȒȖȕ Ȑ ǵȖȊȣȑ șȈȚȐȘȐȒȖȕ ǹ  ȋ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓ
Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǳȐȚȊȍ ȋȈȏ ȅȝȖ (1920- ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ
Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ Ȋ  ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ șȈȚȐȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ
ȗȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȕȈ ȌȖȗȘȖșȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȍȔ
ǶǫǷǻ-ǵǲǪǬ Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕ ©ȏȈ ȠȗȐȖȕ-
șȒțȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤª ǸȍȈȉȐȓȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȕ Ȋ  ȋ
_____

322
Ǫ. ǪȖȐȕȖȊ ©ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑª ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹȹ -47.
Ǫ Ǫ ǪȖȐȕȖȊ -1938) — ȗȖȥȚ-șȈȚȐȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ǻȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȖșȓȈȊșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȕȖȔ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȠȈȝȚȈȝ ǬȖȕ-
ȉȈșșȈ Ȋ  ȋ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȈȊȈȘȐȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȒȐșȚȤ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕțȦ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ȋȈȏ ǷȘȐȌȕȍȗȘȖȊșȒȐȑ
ȒȘȈȑ ș  ȋ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒ ȎțȘȕ ǹȈȚȐȘȐȒȖȕ, ǵȖ-
Ȋȣȑ șȈȚȐȘȐȒȖȕ ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ȓȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȍ Ȋ - ȏȈȊȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȘȍȌ ȎțȘȕ ǷțȠȒȈ ǨȊȚȖȘ Ȝȍ-
ȓȤȍȚȖȕȖȊ șȈȚȐȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȐȝ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȖȌȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȖȊ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ǿȍȘȚȖȊȖ ȒȖȓȍșȖ (1916).
ǫ. ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ
ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ  ȹ  șȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǷȖșȔȍȘȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏª
ǫ Ǻ ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ -1915) — ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ-
ȟȐȒ ȖȟȍȘȒȐșȚ ȔȍȔțȈȘȐșȚ ǪȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ Ȇ ǿȈȍȊ.
ǵȍțȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȈȕȚȘȍȗȘȍȕȍȘ ȗȖȌȊȐȏȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȖȗȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȊȍȞ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȈȝ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȍȈȚȘȖȊ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ Ȑ Ǫȍȕȍ-
șțȥȓȣ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȕȞȖȘ ǹ ȒȖȕȞȈ -ȝ ȋȋ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȓȐ-
ȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȔ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ Ȋ
Ț ȟ ȒȈȒ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȌȖ  ȒȕȐȋ Ȋ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȎȈȕȘȈȝ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊȈ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ
ǹ  ©ȥȒȓȍȘȐȘțȦȚª — Ț ȍ ȖșȊȍȚȧȚ ȖȚ ȜȘ. éclairer.
ǫ. ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǷȖȌ ȟțȎȖȑ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ 1914 ȹ 12.

323
Ǩ. ǩȈȘȟȍȕȒȖ ©ȅȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȑșȖȔª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ 1915 ȹ 8.
Ǩ Ǫ ǩȈȘȟȍȕȒȖ -1938) — ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚ ȗȈȘȈȗșȐ-
ȝȖȓȖȋ-ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȐȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǹȣȕ ȍȓȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȚȈȘȐțșȈ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǲȈȏȈȕșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȆȘȤȍȊ-
șȒȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈȝ Ȋ - ȋȋ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȔȈ-
ȚȘȖșȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ Ȋ Ț ȟ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȌȖ  ȋ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȝȐȘȖ-
ȔȈȕȚȐȍȑ ǹ  ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȍ
ȖȟȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȈȎȐ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȜȈȕȚ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ
Ȑ ǰȏ ȔȘȈȒȈ   ȒȕȐȋț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ Ȑȕ-Țȍ ǩȍȝȚȍȘȍȊȈ Ȋ ȕȈȟ -ȝ ȋȋ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ
ǲȖȓȤșȒȖȔ ȗ-ȖȊȍ ȉȣȓ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȥȏȖȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȒȘțȎ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ǶǫǷǻ ȥȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȈ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȣșȓȖȊ ǩȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȔȈȍ  ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȊȐȕȍȕ Ȋ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȘȍȊȖȓȦȞ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȍ Ȑ ȘȈș-
șȚȘȍȓȧȕ Ȋ ȈȗȘȍȓȍ  ȋ ǸȍȈȉȐȓȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȕ Ȋ  ȋ
C. 127. ...«Messagȍries Maritimes» — ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȖȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖșțȡȍșȚȊȈȓȖ ș  ȌȖ  ȋ
ǹ  ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ©ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȈª — Ț ȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖ-
ȋȖ șțȌȖȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ©ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȓȖȚª
Ǫ. ǲȖȝȈȕȖȊșȒȐȑ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ 1916 ȹ   ȔȈȧ
Ǫ ǲȖȝȈȕȖȊșȒȐȑ " – ?) — ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ
ǹ  ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ©ǳțȏȐȚȈȕȐȐª — ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȚȘȈȕșȈȚȓȈȕȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ ȓȈȑȕȍȘ ©ǳțȏȐȚȈȕȐȧª ȉȣȓ ȚȖȘȗȍȌȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ  ȔȈȧ  ȋ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǰȘȓȈȕȌȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ Ȓ ȋȐ-
ȉȍȓȐ  Ȑȏ  ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ Ȑ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ

324
ǳ ǵȐȒțȓȐȕ ǰȏȔȍȕȕȐȒ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ 1914, ȹ 38.
ǳ Ǫ ǵȐȒțȓȐȕ ȕȈșȚ ȜȈȔ ǶȓȤȒȍȕȐȞȒȐȑ -1967) — ȗȖȥȚ
ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ǹȣȕ ȈȒȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȈȕȚȘȍȗȘȍȕȍȘȈ
ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȍ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǹȖȘȉȖȕȕȍ Ȋ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚ Ȑ
șȈȚȐȘȐȒ Ȋ ȖȌȍșșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȍ Ǫ - ȋȋ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȋ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ǷȘȈȊȌȣ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ — ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ ȕȈ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȜȘȖȕȚȈȝ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȗȤȍș șȉ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ȑ ȚȌ
ǹ  Feuer! — ǶȋȖȕȤ ȕȍȔ.).
ǳ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ Ǫ ȓȍșȈȝ ǷȖȓȍșȤȧ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ  ȹ  ȕȖȧȉȘȤ.
ǳ ǰ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ -1976) — ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ǻȘȖ-
ȎȍȕȍȞ ǹȈȘȈȚȖȊȈ ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚ Ȋ  ȋ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȍȏȒțȦ ȒȘȐȚȐȒț ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȖ-ȊȍȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ ǹȖȉȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ  ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ Ȑ ȥȚȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȣ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȘȐȐ ©Ǯǯǳª ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧȔȐ
ǳ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ǩȘȍȌ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ 1915, ȹ 
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ ǮȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ 1915, ȹ  ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏª

325
Ǩ ǹ ǫȘȐȕ ȕȈșȚ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǫȘȐȕȍȊșȒȐȑ -1932) — ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ
ȗȖȥȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ șȖȚȍȕ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȘȧȌȈ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȍȑȠȐȑ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚ-Șȍ -ȝ – 1920-ȝ ȋȋ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ șȈȔȣȝ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ȖȚ ȝȖȘȘȖȘȈ ȌȖ ȕȍȖȋȖȚȐȒȐ Ȑ
ȕȍȖȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȐ ȕȍȌȖȖȞȍȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ș ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȖȑ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȓțȗȖșȚȧȔȐ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȍȑ
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ 
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ 1915, ȹ  ȉȍȏ ȗȖȌȗȐșȐ ǨȊȚȖȘșȚȊȖ țșȚ
ȗȖ ǽȈȘȟȍȊ Ǫ Ǫ ǷȖȥȏȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǫȘȐȕȈ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ .
ǹ  ǴțȔȈ Ȑ ǷȖȔȘȐ — ǴțȔ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ǴțȔȔ Mumm Ȑ
ǷȖȔȘȐ Pommery) — ȔȈȘȒȐ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
Ǭ’ǨȓȤȋ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȔȈșȒȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȝȖȏȧȍȒ  ȹ 
Ǭ ǬȖȘȐȕ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǳțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ.  ȹ 
ǹ 184. «ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ — ©ǿȍȔȖȌȈȕª — Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ
ȊȖȑȕȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȒȈȓȐȉȍȘȕȣȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ
ǹ 185. ©ǸȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈª« — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȐȏȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ©ǰȕȚțȐȚȐȊȕȖȑ ǨșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȍȑ ȅȋȖȜțȚțȘȐȏȔª ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ș ǰ ǰȋ-
ȕȈȚȤȍȊȣȔ ǲȈȏȈȕșȒȐȔ
 ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ǹǷȉ 
ǹ 186. ©Ǩ ǴȈȘȤȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȑ șȚȣȓȈ«ª — ǾȐȚ Ȑȏ ȗȖȥȔȣ ǵ Ǩ
ǵȍȒȘȈșȖȊȈ ©ǴȖȘȖȏ ǲȘȈșȕȣȑ ǵȖșª - ș ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȐ ©ǬȈȘȤȧª

326
ǰ. ǷȖȚȈȗȍȕȒȖ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȋȘȐȉȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ 1914 ȹ 12.
ǰ ǵ ǷȖȚȈȗȍȕȒȖ -1929) — ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ȗȓȖȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȍȑȠȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ -1900-ȝ ȋȋ ǷȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȔ Ȑ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋșȒȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǵȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ -ȍ ȋȋ. Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓșȧ ȊȖ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȍ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ȋ
ȋȖȌ ǰȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ Ǩ Ƿ ǿȍȝȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȚȖȚȐȗ ǺȘȐȋȖȘȐȕȈ
Ȋ ȟȍȝȖȊșȒȖȑ ©ǿȈȑȒȍª Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ ǳ ǹ ǴȐȏȐȕȖȊȖȑ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȍȞ
ȍȍ ȘȈȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȊȖȓȦ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ -ȍ ȋȋ
ǹ  . ..ǫȍȑȍȕ-ȏȐ-ȞțȘȦȒ ǯȖȉȈȓȤȌ ȊȐ ȔȍȋȓȐȝ! — ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȔ-
șȧ ǲȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȍȔ).
Ǫȓ. ǶȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ. ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ  ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǶȟȍȘȒª
ǷșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©Ǫ ǶȌȐȕȖȒȐȑª ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȥȚ Ȑ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ
Ǫ Ǩ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȍȊ  – ȕȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ  ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ
țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȍȒșȚȈ
ǹ  ȗȈȕȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ — ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȐ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ - ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȍ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȍȋȖ șȣ-
ȕȈ ȋȘȈȜȈ Ǩ ǲȖȓȖȕȕȈ-ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ - șȌȍȓȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡțȦ
ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț ȗȘȐ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȍ III ǶȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ
țșȈȌȤȉȈ ǪȈȓȍȊȐȞȍ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȍ ȗȖȔȍșȚȤȍ ȔțȎȈ ǪȈȓȍȊșȒȖȑ
șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ǫ ǫȘ ǺȈȑȕȈ ǷȈșȝȐ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ 

327
Ǩ. ǸȖșȓȈȊȓȍȊ ǹȒȈȏ Ȗȉ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟȍ-ȏȔȍȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ  ȹ  ȧȕ-
ȊȈȘȤ
Ǩ ǹ ǸȖșȓȈȊȓȍȊ -1920) — ȗȖȥȚ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ Ȓȕ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ șȉ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȉ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ǸǲǷ ȉ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȘȖșșȐȑ-
șȒȍ ȋȈȏ ǲȘȈșȕȖȍ ǿȍȘȕȖȔȖȘȤȍ Ȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈȓ ǺȍȈȚȘ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȈȚȐ-
Șȣ ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȚȐȜȈ Ȋ ǲȘȈșȕȖȌȈȘȍ
Ǩ. ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ ǸȈȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȧșȖȒ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș 1917 ȹ 5.
Ǩ Ǵ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ -1957) — ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ șȚȐȓȐșȚ ȔȈșȚȍȘ
©ȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȧ șȓȖȊȍșª Ȑ șȒȈȏȈ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ-ȋȘȈȜȐȒ Ȑ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȓȖȕȕȣȝ Ȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȍȘȍȉ-
ȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ǪȣȝȖȌȍȞ Ȑȏ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȒțȗȍȟȍșȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȐ ǶȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊșȒȖȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȍ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ Ǫ  ȋ ȉțȌțȟȐ
șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȈ ǴȖș-
ȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕ-ȚȈ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ȏȈ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ  ȓȍȚ Ȋ șșȣȓȒȍ ȕȈ ǹȍȊȍȘȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǨȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ-
șȧ ș  ȋ ǹ  ȋ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ș  ȋ Ȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ
Ǩ. ǩțȝȖȊ ǰȏ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ
ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǳ ǨȘȒȈȌșȒȐȑª
ǰșȚȖȟȕȐȒȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ǩ ǩțȝȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȜȖȓȤȒ-
ȓȖȘȐșȚȖȊ XIX Ȋ

328
ǵ ǸțȌȍȕȒȖ ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ.  ȹ    ȈȊȋțșȚȈ
ǵ ǲȈȘȈȏȐȕ. Ǩȕȋȍȓ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔț șȉ ǴȖȐ șȒȈȏȒȐ ǹǷȉ 
ǵ ǵ ǲȈȘȈȏȐȕ -1908) — ȊȐȌȕȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ-ȉȈȚȈȓȐșȚ
ȋȘȈȜȐȒ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȚȖȘ Ȑ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȣȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ -ȑ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȒȈȌȍȚșȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȗțș țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȓȤ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ ǹȘȍȌȕȍȈȏȐȈȚșȒȐȝ ȗȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘ-
ȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ-ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȚȖȘ — Ȋ ǹȍȘȉșȒȖ-ȚțȘȍȞȒȖȑ Ȑ ǸțșșȒȖ-Țț-
ȘȍȞȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȈȝ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ
ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧȝ Ȋ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ǨȏȐȦ Ǫ ȟȐșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȘȐșțȦȡȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ ǹȘȍȌȕȍȑ ǨȏȐȐ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ
Ǭ-Ș ǲțȏȕȍȞȖȊ ǪȖȑȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ 1915 ȹ  ȖȒ-
ȚȧȉȘȤ.
ǹ. ǩȍȒȕȍȊ. ǫȐȉȍȓȤ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ șȉ Ǫ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǹǷȉ
1911).
ǹ Ǩ ǩȍȒȕȍȊ ȖȒ  – ȗȖșȓȍ  — ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ-
șȒȐȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǸȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈ-
ȕȖȔ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ șȈȗȍȘȕȖȔ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȍ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȦ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȐ

329
ǹ. Ƕȉ ǪȖȑȕȈ Ȑ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ.
ǹ ȝȝȝ. …ȋ-ȎȈ Ȍȍ Ǻȥȉ — ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȈȧ ȝȐȘȖȔȈȕȚȒȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ǨȕȕȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȕȈ ǹȈȊȐȕȤȐ - ȍȍ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ
«Madame de Thèbesª ȉțȒȊ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ©ǼȐȊșȒȈȧª ǬȍȘȎȈȓȈ șȈȓȖȕ Ȋ
ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȑ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓȈ ȕȈ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȈȓȤȔȈ-
ȝȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ©ǷȘȖȘȖ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈª ȔȈȌȈȔ Ȍȍ Ǻȥȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍșșȍ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ. ǸȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȌȈȚȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ 7/10,  ȔȈȘȚȈ
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ǼȘȍȌȍȘȐȒȈ ǩȍȌȕȖȋȖ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ 
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ. ǷȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮțȘȕȈȓ-ȒȖȗȍȑȒȈ Ƿȋ  ȹ 59/49, ȌȍȒȈȉȘȤ
Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊ. ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ
Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǩȐȘȎȍȊȣȍ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȐ ȹ   ȔȈȧ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ
Ȋȣȗ ǷȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șȚȈȚȤȧ ȘȍȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗțȉȓ ǹ ȀȈȘ-
ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ
ǪȖȎȌȤ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔȈ ȗȖȥȚ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚț-
ȘȖȊȍȌȈ Ǫ ȇ ǩȘȦșȖȊ - ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕ-

ȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐȏȔț — ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȌȐșȞȐȗ-
ȓȐȕȖȑ — Ȑ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈȔ Ȋ ȕȈȟ 0-ȝ ȋȋ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȥȚȐ ©ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ»
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ȊȣȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȋȘȐȔțȈȘȖȔ Arbatel de magia ve-
terum ȒȖȚ ǩȘȦșȖȊ ©ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓª Ȑ Ǫȧȟ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ
C. 292. ...geheimnisvolle Buch… Hand — ǻ ǫȨȚȍ ȉțȒȊ. ©ȚȈȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔțșȖȔª
(ȕȍȔ.).
ǹ 294. ǪȐȎț ȋȘȖȏȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ — ǾȐȚ Ȑȏ șȚȐȝ Ǽ ȀȐȓ-
ȓȍȘȈ ©ǲȈșșȈȕȌȘȈª  Ȋ ȗȍȘ Ǫ ǮțȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǹ 301. ǼȘȈȏȐȉțȓȈ — ǼȘȈȏȐȉțȓ ǼȘȈșȐȉțȓ — ȚȐȘȈȕ ǴȐȓȍȚȈ Ȋ
VII-VI ȊȊ Ȍ ȕ ȥ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
Ǵ ǹȚȘȖȍȊ ǰȝ șțȌȤȉȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș  ȹ 
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ. ǴȐȘ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș  ȹ 
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȏ ©ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖª ȐȓȐ ©ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍª ȈȉȉȈȚȈ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ
ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȈȕȚȐȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȈȓȐ-
ȞȐȐ ©ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊª ȥȗȖȝȐ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȍȘț ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȈ
Ǯ ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕȈ - ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ
ȚȍȒșȚ Ȋ Le Figaro    șȍȕȚ ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȖȚȍȞ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚ Ǩ
ǷȍȓȈȌȈȕ - ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȊȠȐȑ Ȗ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚ-
ȊȈȝ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȒȖȗȐȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȖȚ ȔȖȕȈȝȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍȑ
ȉȓȐȏ ǺȈȘȈșȒȖȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȊȖȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ
țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȈȉȉȈȚȈ

ǻǲǨǯǨǺǭǳȄ ǷǸǶǰǯǪǭǬǭǵǰǱ ǷǶǴǭȁǭǵǵȃǽ Ǫ ǺǶǴǨǽ
I-X ǨǵǺǶǳǶǫǰǰ ©ǼǨǵǺǨǹǺǰǲǨ ǹǭǸǭǩǸȇǵǶǫǶ ǪǭǲǨª
ǨȊȍȘȟȍȕȒȖ Ǩ
ȅȒȏȍȒțȚȖȘ ǩțȘȈȟȒȖȊ
V, 247
ǨȌȈȔȖȊȐȟ ǫ
ǪȖȓȖȋȖȌșȒȐȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ
VIII, 8
ǴȈȘȐȧ-ǨȕȚțȈȕȍȚȚȈ
VIII, 19
ǨȑȓȍȊ ǵ
ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ
VI, 169
Ǩȓ
ǬȖȔ ș ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȖȑ
V, 228
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊȐȟ ǵ
ǰȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ ș ȟȍȘȚȖȔ
V, 286
ǨȕȏȐȔȐȘȖȊ Ǫ
ǻȎȈșȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
VI, 307
ǨȕțȟȐȕ Ǫ
Ǫȍȟȕȣȑ șȒȐȚȈȓȍȞ
Iǽ 
ǷȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ
Iǽ 
©ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȗȈȓȍȞª
Iǽ 
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ǵ
ǹȚȈȚțȑ
V, 313

ǩȈȓȍȚȈ
ǴȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȍ
V, 221
ǩȈȘȧȚȐȕșȒȐȑ Ǫ
ǷȐșȤȔȈ ș ǴȈȘșȈ
VII, 261
ǩȈȝȔȍȚȤȍȊ Ǩ
ǪȘȈȋ
V, 130
ǩȍȓȍȞȒȐȑ Ƿ
ǿȍȘȚȖȊȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȐȡȍ
Iǽ 
ǩȍȓȖȊ Ǫ
©ǳȍȚțȟȐȑ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌȍȞª
V, 194
ǩȓȦȔ Ǩ
ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ©ǹȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȦșª
VII, 323
ǩȖȋȌȈȕȖȊ Ǩ
ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ǼȘȐȌȍ
III, 31
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ǴȍșșȈȓȐȕȣ
III, 46
ǩȘțșȧȕȐȕ Ǫ
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȊȖȓȒ
Iǽ 97
ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ
Iǽ 
ǲȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈȗȍȓ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ"
Iǽ 
ǿȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ
Iǽ 
ǩȘȦșȖȊ Ǫ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǴȈȠȐ ș ȘȍȒȐ ǴȖȓȖȋȐ
Iǽ 

ǩțȌȐȡȍȊ Ǩ
ǩȖȓȖȚȖ
IV, 296
ǩȘȍȌ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
IV, 279
Ǫ ȘȈȏȋȈȘ șȊȧȚȖȒ
IV, 306
ǹȖȕ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȖȧ
IV, 66
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ
IV, 289
ǩțȕȐȕ ǰ
ǮȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȠȍȘșȚȤ
ǽ 
ǩțȝȖȊ Ǩ
ǵȖȟȕȖȍ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ
V, 290
Ƕ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȑ șȐȓȍ
V, 307
ǺȈȑȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ
IV, 145
ǿȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
V, 298
Ǫ
ǵȈ ǴȈȘș
VII, 272
ǪȈșȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ǰ
ǬȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ
III, 325
ǪȖȏȕȍșȍȕșȒȐȑ Ǩ
ǺȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ
III, 7
ǪȖȐȕȖȊ Ǫ
ǽȖȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȟȐșȍȓ
II, 36
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȈ ǲțȒȈ
II, 21
Ǫ-șȒȐȑ Ǩ
ǬȕȍȊȕȐȒ ǨȕȌȘȍ
VII, 241

ǫȈȘȐȕ ǹ
ǯȈȒȓȧȚȐȧ
I, 248
ǫȖȘȉțȕȖȊ Ǩ
ǺȈȑȕȣ ȓȍșȈ
Iǽ 
ǫȖȘȌȐȕ Ǫ
ǫȘțșȚȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ
V, 54
ǬȊȖȍ
V, 59
ǹȚȘȈȝ
V, 50
ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȐȑ ǹ
3974
II, 110
Ǫ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȣ ǲȈȘȐȕ
VIII, 114
ǫȍȖșȒȖȗ ǲȈȥȕȈ
II, 96
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȊțȈȓȤ
II, 145
ǶȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ
II, 117
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȑ
II, 137
CȒȈȓȈ
II, 104
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ țșȈȌȤȉȈ
II, 169
ǺȈȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
II, 128
ǫȖȜȔȈȕ Ǫ
Ƕșȍȕȕȍȍ țȔȐȘȈȕȐȍ
III, 12
ǻȔȍȘ
III, 9
ǫȘȖȔȈȌȖȊ Ƿ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȋ
VI, 135
ǫțșȍȊ-ǶȘȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȐȑ ǹ
ǺȈȑȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
II, 238
ǺȍȔȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ
Iǽ 

ǬȈȊȣȌȖȊ ǵ
ǺȈȘȈȕȚȈș-ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ
II, 211
Ǭȍ ǸȖȒ-ǲȈȏȉȍȒȖȊ ǰ
ǵȖȍȊ ȒȖȊȟȍȋ
VII, 231
ǬȍȔȉȖȊȍȞȒȐȑ Ǫ
ǮȈȊȖȘȖȕȖȒ ǹȒȐȜȐȐ
IV, 39
ǬȔȐȚȘȐȍȊȐȟ Ƿ
13
VI, 148
ǬȖȋȈȕȖȊȐȟ Ǩ
ǶȎȐȊȠȈȧ ȗȓȖȚȤ
VII, 63
ǬȖȘȖȠȍȊȐȟ Ǫ
ǿȍȘȍȏ  ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ
III, 319
ǬțȕȐȕ Ǩ
ǳȍȠȐȑ
VIII, 79
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
II, 301
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȘ-ȔȍȑșȚȍȘȈ ǩȘȈțȕȈ
VIII, 48
ǬȣȔȖȊ Ƕ
ǵȈȝȖȌȒȈ
III, 315
Ǭ-ȅȕȠ ǵ
ǴțȝȐ
V, 64

ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔȖȊ ǰ
ǹȒȓȈȌȍȕȤ
Iǽ, 182
ǭȎȖȊ ǵ
ǫȖȓȖșȈ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
IV, 320
ǭȓȈȟȐȟ Ȍȍ ǩțȎȐȔ ǫ
ǿȈșȣ ǨȌȈȔȈ ȉȍȕ-ǨȌȈȔȈ
I, 312
ǭȔȍȓȤȧȕȖȊ-ǲȖȝȈȕșȒȐȑ Ǫ
Ǫ ȈȌț
Iǽ 
ǲȖȊȈȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȕȈ
Iǽ 
ǴȍșȚȤ
Iǽ 
ǵȖȟȤ ȗȖȌ ǰȊȈȕȈ ǲțȗȈȓȈ
Iǽ 
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
Iǽ 
ǮțȘȖȔșȒȈȧ Ǩ.
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑȏ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈ
I, 28
ǯȈȑȒȐȕ Ƿ
ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ
VI, 8
ǯȈȘȐȕ Ǩ
ǺȈȑȕȈ
I, 182
ǺȍȘȔȖȋȍȕ
IV, 8
ǯȈȘȐȕ-ǵȍșȊȐȞȒȐȑ Ǽ
ǲȖȠȔȈȘ
II, 256
ǳȖȎȈ ǽȐȘȈȔȈ
IV, 162
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǬȍȊȤȍȘȈ
II, 272

ǯȖȏțȓȧ ǭ
ǬȖȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǲȈȚȈȗțȓȤȚȣ
VII, 16
ǮȐȊȖȑ ȈȘȝȐȊ
VII, 29
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ǫ
ǨȓȐȏȥȘ
IV, 105
ǫțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȐ
IV, 84
ǲȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȹ 
IV, 96
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȖȓȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ
IV, 92
ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ǩȖȔȉȍȑ
IV, 110
ǺȘȖșȚȤ ǩȐȘȖȕȈ
IV, 132
ǰȊȕȍȊ Ǹ
ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȐȕșȒȐȍ ȟȈșȣ
I, 297
ǰȏȔȈȑȓȖȊ Ǩ
ǩțȒȐȕȐșȚ
VI, 213
ǫȖȔțȕȒțȓ
VI, 278
ǬȖșțȋȐ șȈȚȈȕȣ
V, 259
ǲȕȐȋȈ șȍȔȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȍȑ
VI, 202
ǲȚȖ Ȗȕ"
VI, 287
ǷȤȧȕȣȑ ȧȌ
VI, 264
ǽȐȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒ
VI, 235
Odor mortis
VI, 250
ǲ
ǲȈȒ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȓȐȓȐȗțȚȖȔ
VI, 185
ǲȈȘȗȖȊ ǵ
©ǩȍȓȣȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓª
IV, 36
ǲȖȓȌțȕȤȧ
Iǽ 
ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ-ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ
IV, 27
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ
IV, 32

ǲȈȘȗȖȊ Ƿ
ǨȕȈȘȝȐșȚȣ
Iǽ 
ǯȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
Iǽ 
ǶȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ
Iǽ 
ǲȐșȍȓȍȊ ǵ
ǪȐȌȍȕȐȍ
VI, 174
ǲȖȓȌțȕ
I, 256
ǸȍȒȓȈȔȈ
VI, 181
CȗȈșȍȕȈ
I, 263
ǲȕȧȏȍȊ Ǫ
ǵȍȟȐșȚȈȧ șȐȓȈ
IX, 164
ǲȖȘȖȓȍȊ Ǩ
ǻȎȈș
VI, 154
ǲȖȘȠ Ǫ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ-ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ
V, 232
ǲȘȦȟȒȖȊ Ǭ
ǲȈȒ ȕȈ ǸțșȐ ȋȕțș ȗȖȠȍȓ
Iǽ 
ǴțȘȈȠ ȗȘȍȔțȌȘȣȑ
Iǽ 
ǸȈȟȐȑ ȞȈȘȤ
Iǽ 
ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȐȒȐ
Iǽ 
ǲțȏȔȐȕ Ǵ
ǰȏ ȗȐșȍȔ ȌȍȊȐȞȣ ǲȓȈȘȣ ǪȈȓȤȔȖȕ
ǽ
ǺȍȕȤ ǼȐȓȓȐȌȣ
ǽ 
ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ ǩ
ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ
VIII, 257

ǬȊȖȑȕȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ
VIII, 236
ǲȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ
VIII, 249
ǷȚȐȞȈ
VIII, 266
ǿȈșȣ
I, 283
ǳȍȔȈȕ ǩ
ǰȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ
I, 323
ǶȉȔȈȕ
I, 10
ǷȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ǻȈȚȥ
I, 19
ǳȍȕșȒȐȑ Ǫ
ǵȖȟȤ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ
ǽ 
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ
V, 112
CțȌȤȉȈ
II, 49
ȅȓȓȖȓȐ
ǽ 
ǳȍȖȕȐȌȖȊ Ƕ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȍ ȔȈșȖȕȣ
IV, 151
ǳȐȕșȒȐȑ Ǩ
ǲȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ
III, 176
ǳȖȊȐȟ Ǫ
ǸțȒȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȣ
VIII, 97
ǳțȒȈȠ ǰ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ǹȚȘȈȕȣ ǫȖȓțȉȣȝ
III, 26
ǿȍȘȕȖȖȒȐȑ ȊȈȔȗȐȘ
III, 21
Requiem
III, 23
ǳȤȌȖȊ ǲ
ǸȍȚȘȖșȒȖȗ
V, 40

ǴȈȏțȘȒȍȊȐȟ Ǫ
ǳȖȎȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ
IV, 204
ǴȈȘȒȖȊ ǵ
ǴȐȘȚȈ Ȑ ǹȍȘȈȗȐȖȕ
ǽ 
ǴȐȕȞȓȖȊ ǹ
ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȌȈ
I, 105
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȉȖȋȐ
I, 133
ǺȈȑȕȈ șȚȍȕ
I, 115
ǴȐȘȖȊȐȟ Ǩ
ȇȡȍȘȐȞȣ
III, 14
ȅȓȤȏȈ
III, 17
ǴȐȘșȒȐȑ ǩ
ǯȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȓȖȎȐ
IV, 157
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ ǺȈȊȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
V, 224
ǴȐȘȥ
Ǫ ȉȍȏȓțȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
V, 13
ǬȊȈ ȋȕȖȔȈ
V,8
ǷȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒ șȔȍȘȚȐ
V, 28
ǸȈȔȉȍȓȓȐȕȖ
V, 32
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȚȍȘȈ
V, 20
ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊ Ǭ
ȇȘȟțȒ
VI, 144
ǴȖȘȖȏȖȊ ǵ
Ǫ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ
VII, 90

ȅȘȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ
VII, 77
ǴțȘȘ ǲ
ǲȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ
V, 239
ǵȈȋȘȖȌșȒȈȧ ǭ
ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ
ǽ 
ǫȈȓȍȘȈ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ
ǽ 
ǴȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
II, 183
ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧ
ǽ 
Ƕȕ
ǽ 
ǸȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ
ǽ 
ǵȍȔȐȘȖȊȐȟ-ǬȈȕȟȍȕȒȖ Ǫ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ
VIII, 148
ǼȈȊȕ Ȋ ǫȐȗȍȘȉȖȘȍȑșȒȖȔ ȓȍșț
VIII, 175
ǵȐȒȖȓȤșȒȈȧ Ǫ
ǪȐȌȍȕȐȍ
IV, 72
ǵȐȒȖȕȖȊ ǩ
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȜȖȘȚȍȗȐȈȕȖ
VI, 87
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ
VI, 26
ǳțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ
VI, 55
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ
VI, 191
ǶȉȘțȟȍȊ Ǫ
ǹȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȌȍ
I, 89
ǶȓȐȋȍȘ ǵ
ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǵȈȘȈȌȣ
III, 102

ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȐȑ ǫ
ǳȍșȕȖȑ șȗȘțȚ
II, 7
ǶȒțȕȍȊ ȇ
ǮȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȍȉȍș
VII, 8
ǶȘȌȣȕȞȍȊ-ǲȖșȚȘȐȞȒȐȑ Ǵ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȋ
I, 234
«Per aspera ad astra»
I, 34
ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǩ
ǳȖȎȈ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȓȔȈȏȈ
IV, 241
ǵȖȟȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ
IV, 257
CȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ
VI, 19
ǷȍȘȊțȝȐȕ Ǵ
ǫȖȕȐȔȣȍ ȉȖȋȐ
I, 149
ǯȈȋȈȌȒȈ ǨȑȘȖȓȖ
I, 162
ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ
I, 155
ǸȖȏȈȉȍȓȓȈ
I, 169
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȍ
V, 212
ǷȍȘȍȓȤȔȈȕ ȇ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈȒ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍșȖȔȖȑ Ȓțȝȕȍ
VII, 115
ǷȓȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ǵ
ǩȖȎȤȐ ȖȓȍȕȐ
Iǽ 
ȀțȕȋțȘ
Iǽ 
ǷȖȚȈȗȍȕȒȖ ǰ
ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
II, 59

ǺȈȑȕȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǸȍȌȤȒȖ
II, 79
ǷȖȚȈȗȍȕȒȖ ǵ
ǲȖȔȕȈȚȈ ș ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ
V, 121
ǷȘȍșș Ǩ
ǼȍȐ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȓțȟȈ
III, 126
ǸȍțȚșȒȐȑ ǩ
ǹȖșȍȌ
VI, 124
ǾȈȘȐȞȈ ǯȍȔȓȐ
VI, 118
ǸȖȏȍȕȒȕȖȗ Ǵ
ǫȈȕȕȈȒȒțȓȓț
VI, 103
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȔ ȘȖȧȓȍ
VI, 97
ǸȖșȓȈȊȓȍȊ Ǩ
ǨȕȟțȚȒȈ
Iǽ 
ǬȘȖȊȖșȍȒ
Iǽ 
ǲȓȖȗȣ Ȑ ȒȘȣșȣ
Iǽ 
ǲȖȏȓȐȕȣȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ
Iǽ 
ǳȈȗȖȚȤ
Iǽ 
ǺȘȐ ȌțȉȈ
Iǽ 
ǹȐȌȍȕȤ-ȗȖșȐȌȍȕȤ
Iǽ 
ǹȒȈȏȖȟȒȐ
Iǽ 
ǿȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȈ
Iǽ 
ǸțȉȈȒȐȕ ǵ
ǩȖȔȉȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȀȚțȘȔȊȍȓȤȚȈ
VII, 287
ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǩ
ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒ
ǽ 

ǳȈȔȐȧ
ǽ 
ǳȍȠȐȑ
ǽ 
ǰȓȤȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ
ǽ 
ǴțȝȈ
V, 58
ǹȈȏȖȕȖȊ Ǵ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȣ
VIII, 106
ǹȈȘ-ǬȐȕȖȐȓ
ǰȏȐȌȈ
III, 113
Ǽȍȧ ȊȖȌ
III, 117
ǹȊȍȕȚȐȞȒȐȑ Ǩ
Ƕ ȏȓȖȔ ǪȖȘȚȐȋȍȘȕȍ Ȗ ȔțȌȘȖȔ ǴȍȘȓȐȕȍ
VIII, 137
ǹȖȕ ǨȘȚțȘȈ
VIII, 130
ǹȊȍȚȓȖȊ Ǫ
Ǩȕȋȍȓ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ
IV, 55
ǽȖȘȖȊȖȌ
ǽ 
ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǫ
ǫȘȐȜ
II, 229
Ǫȍȡȍȍ
IV, 50
ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚ
I, 197
ǲȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ
I, 214
ǸȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȖȗȈȓ
V, 200
ǻ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȐ
I, 222
ǹȍȊșȒȐȑ Ǫ
ǰȋȕȈȚȖȊ ȉțȋȖȘ
Iǽ 
ǹȍȓȐȊȈȕȖȊ Ǩ
ǲȖșȚȘȣ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȝ
III, 180

ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊ ǩ
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ
V, 189
ǹȒȐȚȈȓȍȞ
Ǫ șȒȓȍȗȍ
IV, 313
ǹȓȍȏȒȐȕ Ȇ
ǳȍȠȐȑ
ǽ 
ǷȖȓțȌȕȐȞȈ
ǽ 
ǹȒȈȏȒȈ Ȗ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǽ 
ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊ-ǴȐȒȐȚȖȊ ǰ
ǩȍȌȖȊȖȍ
Iǽ 
ǳȍșȖȊȖȍ
Iǽ 
ǹȖȓȤ ǯȍȔȓȐ
Iǽ 
ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ Ǭ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ
Iǽ 
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǲțȘȞ
ǪȣȝȖȌȍȞ
V, 146
ǺȈȕ-ǩȖȋȖȘȈȏ Ǫ
ǰȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǯȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȍ ǪșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑª
III, 66
ǵȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ
III, 76
ǺȈȚȐȡȍȊ ǳ
ǩȈȠȕȧ ǹȐȓȤȊȐȖ
V, 44

ǺȖȓșȚȖȑ Ǩ ǵ
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ
VIII, 199
ǹȈȚȐȘ
VIII, 180
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ
VIII, 190
ǼȈȊȕ
VIII, 317
ǺȖȓșȚȖȑ ǳ ǳ
ǵȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȈȧ țșȈȌȤȉȈ
II, 220
ǺȖȓșȚȖȑ ǵ Ǩ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȌȣ
I, 81
ǺȖȗȖȘȒȖȊ Ǩ
ǫȍȒȈȚȈ
II, 312
ǺȘȐȓȐȞȒȐȑ Ǫ
ǸȈșȗȓȈȚȈ
V, 152
ǺțȝȖȓȒȈ ǹ
ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȌȈ
I, 74
ǻȔȈȕȖȊ-ǲȈȗȓțȕȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǫ.
ǺȍȕȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǽ 
ǻȕȒȖȊșȒȈȧ Ǩ
ǲȈȒ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȌȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȕȈ
III, 168
ǻșȚȘțȋȖȊȈ Ǫ
ǲȖȚ ȗȖșȝȐȔȐȓșȧ
Iǽ 

ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊ Ǩ
ǴȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȏȣȉȤ
V, 170
ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒ
V, 161
ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊ ǵ
ǪȍȟȍȘ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
VII, 42
ǼȍȌȖȘȟȍȕȒȖ ǹ
ǩȍș ȌȈ ȐȕȖȒ
Iǽ 
ǼȖȘȠ Ƕ
ǴȍȌȊȍȌȤ ǷȈȕȜȈȔȐȓ
III, 155
ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȐȑ ȔțȌȘȍȞ
III, 141
ǷȈșșȐȜȓȖȘȈ
III, 148
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȘȈȚȈȔȐ
III, 130
ǼȘȈȕȟȐȟ Ǫ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǵȋțȘȐ
ǽ 
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ
VIII, 209
ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ǩȍȘȔțȚȖȊȈ
VII, 303
ǹȚȈșȤ-ȋȖȘȉțȕ
ǽ 
ǽȖȌȈșȍȊȐȟ Ǫ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȐ
VIII, 219
ǰȖȋȈȕȕ Ǫȍȑș Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ
VIII, 213
ǾȍȕȏȖȘ Ǭ
ǪȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ
V, 102
ǲȖȠȔȈȘ
V, 91
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǯȍȔȉȈ
ǽ 
ǹȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ
V, 75
ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈ
V, 81
ǺȈȑȕȈ
ǽ 

ǻȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ
VI, 160
ǿȈȗȣȋȐȕ ǵ
ǲȘȐȟȈȡȐȍ ȟȈșȣ
I, 303
ǿȐșȓȖȊ Ǩ
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ
VII, 233
ǲȖȊȍȘ-șȈȔȖȓȍȚ
VII, 146
ǶȗȣȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǷȈȘșȖȊȈ
VII, 183
ǷȖȋȐȉȠȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ
VII, 122
ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǫ
ǫȖȓȖș Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
VIII, 272
CȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȕ
VIII, 298
ȀȍȓȋȖȊșȒȈȧ Ǫ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȔȍ
VIII, 37
ȀȐțȕȖȊ Ǩ
ǬȊȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȣ
VIII, 89
ȀȐȠȒȖȊ Ǫ
ǲȍȌȘ
Iǽ 
ǲȖȓȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ
Iǽ 
ǿȈȘȣ Ȋȍșȕȣ
Iǽ 
ȀȒȈȘȐȕ Ƿ
ǶȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
III, 91
ȅȕȋ ǵ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ
VI, 298

ǿȍȘȚ ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊȈ
V, 278
ȆȘȒțȕ Ȇ
ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒ
ǽ 
ǲȓțȉ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȊ
ǽ 
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ
ǽ 
ǷȖȉȘȧȒțȠȒȈ
ǽ 
ȇȘȖșȓȈȊȍȞ Ǫ
ǳȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ
VI, 313
ȇȘȞȍȊ Ǫ
ǰȏ șȒȓȍȗȈ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ
II, 194
ȇșȐȕșȒȐȑ ǰ
ǩȘȈșȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ
III, 297
ǳțȗțș ǹȚȖ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ
III, 221
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ǨșȚȍȘȐȒș
III, 190
ǼȐȕșȒȐȑ ȕȖȎ
III, 270
Hyacinthus
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȐȓȐ șȖȕ"
III, 107

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǩ. ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ ǬțȝȖȊȐȌȍȞ
7
ǩ. ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ ǶȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ
19
ǩ ǳȈȏȈȘȍȊșȒȐȑ. ǩȍȋșȚȊȖ
25
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ. ǺȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ
31
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ. ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
44
Ǵ ǲȘȐȕȐȞȒȐȑ. ǴȈȔȣȠȈȕ
49
Ǫ. ǩȍȓȖȊ ©ǲȖȔț ȟȚȖ șțȎȌȍȕȖª
57
Ǩ ǩțȝȖȊ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
62
Ǫ. ǪȖȐȕȖȊ. ©ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑª ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ
73
ǫ. ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȔ
92
ǫ ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǷȖȌ ȟțȎȖȑ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ
112
Ǩ ǩȈȘȟȍȕȒȖ ©ȅȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȑșȖȔª
125
Ǫ ǲȖȝȈȕȖȊșȒȐȑ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ
139
ǳ ǵȐȒțȓȐȕ ǰȏȔȍȕȕȐȒ ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ
150
ǳ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ Ǫ ȓȍșȈȝ ǷȖȓȍșȤȧ
154
ǳ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ǩȘȍȌ
159
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ ǮȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ
164
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ 
167

Ǭ’ǨȓȤȋ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȔȈșȒȈ
171
Ǭ. ǬȖȘȐȕ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
183
ǰ. ǷȖȚȈȗȍȕȒȖ. ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȋȘȐȉȣ
193
Ǫ ǶȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ
201
Ǫ ǫȘ ǺȈȑȕȈ ǷȈșȝȐ  ȋȖȌȈ
209
Ǩ ǸȖșȓȈȊȓȍȊ. ǹȒȈȏ Ȗȉ ǶȋȕȍȘȣȟȍ-ǯȔȍȍ
215
Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ ǸȈȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȧșȖȒ
224
ǵ ǸțȌȍȕȒȖ ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
237
ǵ ǲȈȘȈȏȐȕ Ǩȕȋȍȓ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ
248
Ǭ-Ș ǲțȏȕȍȞȖȊ ǪȖȑȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
254
ǹ ǩȍȒȕȍȊ ǫȐȉȍȓȤ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
260
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǹ Ƕȉ ǪȖȑȕȈ Ȑ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔ
277
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ ǸȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȌȈȚȈ
280
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ ǷȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ǼȘȍȌȍȘȐȒȈ ǩȍȌȕȖȋȖ
283
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ ǷȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ
286
Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊ ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖșȚȘȈȌȈȔȈ
Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ
291
Ǵ ǹȚȘȖȍȊ ǰȝ șțȌȤȉȈ
304
ǨȕȖȕȐȔ ǴȐȘ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
314

ǲȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
319
ǻȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȚȖȔȈȝ
I-X ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ©ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈª
331