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BaHH5I B ITOJIeCCKOH HH3MeHHOCTH. I1x pe3YJIbTaTbl H3JIOMeHbI B OlJepKe,
COCTaBJIeHHOM M. 11. )I\HJIHHCKHM H orry6JIHKOBaHHoM B 1899 r. B p51)1.e CTa-
TeH )1.pyrHX aBTopoB (B. B. ,lJ,oKYlJaeBa, B. XoporneBcKoro, A. 11. Boefl-
KOBa, 11. B. MyrnKeToBa H )1.p.).
B 1903 r. E. B. OrrrroKoBblM BnepBble )1.JI5I BeJIOpyccHH Ha BO)1.0pa3-
)1.eJIe peK ,lJ,Herrpa H ITpHrr5ITH 6blJIO opraHH30BaHo H3yqeHHe peMHMa rpYH-
TOBbIX BO)1.. CTalI.HOHapHbIe Ha6JIIO)1.eHH5I 3)1.eCb rrpOH3BO)1.HJIHCb )1.0 1913 r.,
H HX pe3YJIbTaTbI orry6JIHKOBaHbI B 1914 r. OT)1.eJIbHbIM H3)1.aHHeM C rrpHJIO-
MeHHeM MHOrOqHCJIeHHblX Ta6JIHlI. H rpacpHKoB. Ha OCHOBe MHOrOJIeTHHX
Ha6JIIO)1.eHHH 3a YPoBHeM rpYHToBblX BO)1. BbI5IBJIeHbI ce30HHbIe H MHOrOJIeT-
HHe 3aKoHoMepHocTH peMHMa HerJIy60Ko 3aJIeraIO
HX rpYHToBblX BO)1..
IJ,eHHble )1.aHHble rro rH)1.poreOJIOrHQeCKHM YCJIOBH51M 6accelIHoB peK
f1THQH H BparHHKH 6bIJIH rrOJIyQeHbl B 1913-1915 n. f10JIeCCKOH H3blCKa-
TeJIbCKOH rrapTHei1, PYKOBO)1.HMOi1 E. B. OnnoKoBblM, rrpOBO)1.HBrnei1 HCCJIe-
)1.0BaHH5I B CB5I3H C COCTaBJIeHHeM rrpoeKTa perYJIHpOBaHH5I peK H ocyrne-
HH5I 60JIOT.
B 1914-1915 rr. Ha TeppHTopHH r. MHHcKa B CB5I3H C H3blCKaHHeM
HCTOQHHKOB BO)1.ocHa6LKeHH5I ropo)1.a 6blJIH np06ypeHbl rJIy60KHe CKBa-
MHHbl. MaTepHaJIbI 6ypeHH51 6blJIH HCrrOJIb30BaHbl IT. A. TYTKOBCKHM H
E. B. OrrrroKoBbIM )1.JI5I pa3pa60TKH cxeMbl reOJIOrHlJeCKOrO cTpOeHH5I paH-
OHa MHHCKa H BbI)1.eJIeHH5I p5I)1.a BO)1.0HOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, rrpHypOQeHHblX
K KopeHHblM H lJeTBepTHlJHblM OTJIOMeHH5IM.
B nepHO,l( 1914-1916 rr. A. M. )I\HPMYHCKHM npOBe)1.eHbl HCCJIe)1.0-
BaHH5I rrO)1.3eMHbIX BO)1. C lI.eJIbIO 06eCrrelJeHH5I BO)1.0H BOHCK 3arra)1.HOrO
cppoHTa. Pe3YJIbTaTbI 3THX HCCJIe)1.0BaHHH orry6JIHKOBaHbI B 1927 r. B MO-
HorpacpHH «f10)1.3eMHble BO)1.bl 3ana)1.HOrO Kpa5I».
Pe3KHH nepeJIOM B pa3BHTHH reoJIOrO-rH)1.pOreOJIOrHQeCKHX HCCJIe)1.0Ba-
HHH Ha TeppHTopHH BeJIOpyccHH HacTyrrHJI rrOCJIe BeJIHKOH OKT5I6pbCKOH
COlI.HaJIHCTHlJeCKOH peBOJIIOlI.HH. C 3Toro BpeMeHH reOJIOrHlJeCKHe H rH,apo-
reOJIOrHQeCKHe HCCJIe)1.0BaHH5I npHHHMaIOT rrJIaHOMepHbIH xapaKTep. C HC-




10


HCTOPH
 DH
POrE0J10rHqECKHX HOCnE
OBAHHR


cne
OBamU[MH nepBblX neT nocnepeBomOlI,HOHHOro nepHo
a CBmaHO pa3-
perueHHe p5I
a Hapo,n;HOX035Ii1cTBeHHbIX 3a,n;aq - nOHCKOB none3HblX HCKO-
naeMblX, Bo,n;OCHa6}[{eHH5I HaceneHHblX nYHKTOB, npOMblIllneHHblX npe,n;npH5I-
THH H ,n;p.
BonbruoH BKna,n; B ,n;eno perHOHanbHoro reonoro-rH,n;poreOnOmqeCKOrO
H3yqeHHH TeppHTopHH pecny6nHKH 6bln BHeceH B pe3ynbTaTe npOBe,n;eHHH
MenKOMaCIllTa6HblX (1: 420000) C'beMOK, nOKpbIBIllHX 60nbIllYIO qaCTb nno-
IlI,a,n;H BenopyccHH, BbIllonHeHHbIX no nopyqeHHIO reonKoMa. B 1919--
1933 rr. 6bInH 3aCHHTbl B. B. TepnelI,KHM - 15, O. A. TYTKOBCKHM - 16,
A. M. )KHPMYHCKHM - 28, r. <P. MHpqHHKOM, T. M. MHKynHHoH, C. C. Ma-
nHpeBHqeM - 29, A. M. )KHPMYHCKHM - 44 nHCTbI.
C 1928 r. Ha TeppHTopHH pecny6nHKH npoBo,n;5ITC5I cpe,n;HeMacIllTa6-
Hble reonOrOC'beMOqHble pa60Tbl H CnelI,HanbHble rH,n;poreOnOrHqeCKHe HC-
cne
OBaHH5I.
COTpy,n;HHKaMH 11HcTHTYTa reOnOrHqeClmX HaYK AH BCCP A. B. Kpa-
COBCKHM, H. E. KOBaneBbIM, H. C. TapaHMOBHqeM, B. 11. MaeBcKHM,
M. M. UaneHKo, C. M. BynblroH, H. E. rHMMenbIllTeHHoM, H. <P. )],eHH-
CIOKOM H ,n;p. B 1930-1938 rr. BbIllonHeHbl KOMnneKCHbIe reonOrOC'beMOq-
Hble pa60Tbl B MacIllTa6ax 1: 100 000 H 1: 200 000 H m,n;poreOnOrHqeCI<He
Hccne,n;OBaHH5I B MacIllTa6e 1 : 84000 B BOCTOqHOH H IOro-BOCTOqHOH qaCT5IX
TeppHTopHH pecny6nHKH. rH,n;poreOnOrHqeCKHe Hccne,n;OBaHHH npoBo,n;HnHcb
B CBH3H C npoeKTHpoBaHHeM oCYIllHTenbHblx MeponpHHTHH Hccne
yelVlOll
TeppHTopHH.
Ha qHHa5I C 1938 r. KOMnneKCHble reonOrOC'beMOqHble Hccne,n;OBaHH5I
B MacIllTa6e 1: 200 000 Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP npoBo,n;HTCH BenopyccKHM
reOnOrHqeCI\:HM ynpaBneHHeM. H. <P. )],eHHcIOK, E. H. rHMMenbIllTeHH,
O. A. J1eoHOBHq H ,n;pyme B 1938-1941 rr. 3aCHHnH 3HaqHTenbHYIO nno-
IlI,a,n;b B lI,eHTpanbHoH H IOrO-BOCTOqHOH 06naCT5IX pecny6nHKH.
)],eTanbHble rH,n;poreOnOrHQeCKHe H rH
pOnOrHqeCKHe Hccne,n;OBaHH5I Ha
He60nbIllHx yqaCTKaX B 6acceHHe peK BHTb, )KYPbI, Be,n;pHqH H OTIlqH
npoBe
eHbl BenmnpoBo,n;x030M B 1931-1938 rr. B CBH3H C npoeKTHblMH
pa3pa60TKaMH MeporrpHHTHH no oCYIlleHHIO H cenbcKox03HHCTBeHHoMY OC.
BoeHHIO 60noT H 3a60.1JOqeHHbIX 3eMenb. OT,n;enbHble rH
pOre0J10rHqeCKHe
Hccne,n;OB3HHH, 3aKnIOqaBIllHeCH B KpaTKoBpeMeHHblx Ha6mo
eHH5IX 3a
pe}[{HMOM no,n;3eMHblX BO,n;, npoBe,n;eHbl B 1931-1932 rr. J1eHHHrpa,n;cKHM
m
poreOnOrHqeCKHM HHCTHTYTOM Ha TeppHTopHH OonecbH H B 6acceHHe
33n. )],BHHbI.
B 1928-1937 rr. BororvlOnoBblM r. B., )],yxaHHHoii B. 11., BeBHopoB-
cKoii M. A. H
pyrHMH npoBe,n;eHbl CnelI,H3nbHble rH
poreOnOmqeCKHe HC-
cne,n;OBaHH5I, CB5I3aHHble C 060CHoB3HHeM Bo,n;ocHa6}[{eHHH r. lV1HHcKa H Bbl-
60pOM MeCT ,n;n5I pa3MeIlI,eHHH ropo,n;cKHX rpynnoBblx BO,n;03360pOB. MaTe-
pH3nbl 3THX Hccne
oBaHHii 6bInH 0606IlI,eHbl r. B. BoroMonoBblM,
J1. r. MarepoM H J1. O. Aii3HHblM B 1930 H 1938 rr.
B 1929 r. B B06pyiicKe H MHHcKe npH 6ypeHHH CKBa}[{HH Ha nHTbe-
BYIO BO,n;y 6bInH BCKpblTbl conOHOBaTble H CHnbHoconOHOB3Tble BO,n;bI. He-
CKonbKO n03}[{e BblXO,n;bl CHnbHoconOHOBaTblX H coneHblX BO,n; 6blnH BblHB-
neHbl B rnyccKoM paiioHe, B ,n;onHHe p. OTHqH H BCKpblTbl CKBa}[{HH3MH
B ropo,n;ax BopHcoBe, MorHneBe H Ha TeppHTopHH CTeKn033Bo,n;3 «OK-
T5I6pb» OCHnOBHqCKOrO paiioHa. 113yqeHHe 3THX BO,n;, npoBe
eHHoe
H. <P. BnHo,n;yxo, r. B. BoroMonoBblM, O. B. BepeIllHeii, M. <P. K03noBblM
H ,n;PYrHMH, n03BonHno YCTaHoBHTb HanHqHe Ha TeppHTopHH BenopyccHH

BYX OCHOBHblX THnOB MHHepanbHblx BO,n;: xnopH,n;Ho-HaTpHeBblx (aHano-
rHqHblX MHHepanbHblM BO,n;3M H3BeCTHblX KypOPTOB CTapa5I PYCC3, )],Pyc-
KeHHHKau H ,n;p.) H cynbrpaTHo-KanblI,HeBO-MarHHeBblx. B 1938 r. B Bo-
6pyiicKe 6bIna nOCTpoeHa 6anbHeOnOrHqeCKaH neqe6HHlI,a, B KOTOpOH C
60nbIllHM ycnexoM npHMeH5InHCb xnopH,n;Ho-HaTpHeBble BO,n;bl npH neqeHHH




HCWI?'H5I r,
JIIPOfB0J10rHLJECKHX HOCJ1E)J.OBAH!1I'{


n


pe.BMaTH3Ma, 3a6oJIeBaHHM )J.BHra.TeJI
HOrO arrrrapaTa H nepHcpepHLJeCKOH
HepBHOH CHCTeMU. Bo BpeMR HeMeUKOH OKKynaUHH JIeLJe6HHua 6uJIa pa3-
pymeHa. B nOCJIeBOeHHbIH rrepHO)J. 3)J.eCb BHOBb rrpo6ypeHbI CKBa2KHHbI, H
pa60ra JIe-qe6HHUbI BDCCTaHOBJIeHa.
Ha TeppHTOpHH ue
-ITpaJIi;>HUX H lO2KHUX 06JIaCTeH BCCP fOCY)J.apCTBeH-
HbIM TpeCTOM «Crreureo» B rrepHO)J. C 1937 rro 1939 r. 6bIJIa rrpoH3Be)J.eHa
KOMrrJIeKCHa5I reoJIOrO-rH)J.poreOJIOrHLJeCKa5I C'beMKa B MaCIlITa6e 1 ; 200 000,
pe3yJIbTaTU KOTOpOH 6bIJIH o606llJ,eHbI B MOHorpacpHH A. A. MaKKaBeeBa
[H )J.p.] «fH)J.poreOJIOmqeCKHe yCJIOBHR OpHnRTcKoro OOJIeCbR».
OocJIe Boccoe)J.HHeHH5I B ceHTR6pe 1939 r. 3arra)J.HbIX 06JIaCTeH C BCCP
6bIJIH HaLJaTbI nJIaHOMepHble reoJIOrO-rH)J.poreOJIOrHLJeCKHe HCCJIe)J.OBaHH5I
::nOH TeppHTopHH. BeJIrOCrrpOeKToM 6bIJIH rrpoH3Be)J.eHbI rH)J.poreo-
JIOrHLJeCKHe H HH2KeHepHO-reOJIOrHLJeCKHe HCCJIe)J.OBaHH5I B paHoHe ropo-
,L{OB fPO)J.HO, BpeCTa, OHHcKa H )J.pyrHx B CBR3H C HaMeqaBIIIeHC5I HX pe-
KOHCTpYKuHeH. 4eTBepTbIM H 05ITbIM reOJIOrHLJeCKHMH yrrpaBJIeHH5IMH MH-
HHcTepcTBa reOJIOrHH CCCP rrpoBo)J.HJIHCb cneUHaJIH3HpOBaHHble reOJIoro-
rH)J.poreOJIOrHLJeCKHe H reOJIOrOrrOHCKOBble HCCJIe)J.OBaHH5I Ha TeppHTopHH
.JIHCTOB N-34-XII, XV, XVI H XVII (Hcrr. - JI. n. BOJIKOBa H )J.p.). 0032Ke
3arra)J.HuM reOJIOrHLJeCKHM ynpaBJIeHHeM 6UJIH HaLJaTU rrOHCKH H pa3Be)J.Ka
MeCTOp02K)J.eHHH rrOJIe3HbIX HCKorraeMblX.
BOJIbillaR LJaCTb MaTepHaJIOB )J.OBoeHHbIX HCCJIe)J.oBaHHH OOJIeCCKOro
OT)J.eJIeHH5I OOJIbCKOrO reOJIOrHLJeCKOrO KOMHTeTa H feOJIOrHqeCKOrO KOMH-
Ten CCCP rro TeppHTopHH BCCP 6eCCJIe)J.Ho YTep5IHa BO BpeM5I BOHHbI, a
coxpaHHBIIIa5IC5I LJaCTb oKa3aJIaCb HeKOMrrJIeKTHoH.
B )J.OBoeHHoe BpeM5I rrJIOllJ,a)J.Hble reOJIOrOC'beMOqHble pa60TbI OXBaTHJIH
JIHillb He60JIbillHe YLJaCTKH 3arra)J.HoH, ueHTpaJIbHOH H BOCTOLJHOH BeJIopyc-
CHII.
OocJIe BeJIH!{QH OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOHHbI HCCJIe)J.OBaHHR rrO)J.3eMHbIX BO)J.
TeppHTopHH BCCP rrOJIYLJHJIH 60JIee IlIHpoKoe pa3BHTHe. B 3TOT rrepHo)J. Ha
60JIbUlHX rrJIOllJ,a)J.5IX CTaJIH BUrrOJIH5ITbC5I reOJIOrHLJeCKHe, a 3aTeM reOJIoro-
rH)J.poreOJIOrHLJeCKHe C'beMKH B MacUlTa6ax 1 : 200000, 1 : 100000 HI: 50000
(pHc.1).
B 1945-1948 rr. 4eTBepTbIM H 05ITbIM reOJIOrHqeCKHM yrrpaBJIeHH5IMH
TpecTa «Crreureo» (Hcn. B. K. TarHJIbUeB, f. B. CyxMaH, K. B. MaMoHToB
H )J.p.) crreUHaJIH3HpOBaHHbIMH reoJIOrO-rH)J.poreOJIOrHLJeCKHMH C'beMKaMH
6uJIa rrOKpUTa KpaHH5I5I 3arra)J.Ha5I LJaCTb TeppHTopHH pecrry6JIHKH. B 3TH
.IRe rO)J.bI rrJIOllJ,a)J.Hble KOMrrJIeKCHble reOJIOrHqeCKHe HCCJIe)J.OBaHH5I BbmOJI-
H5IJIHCb 6. BeJIOpyccKHM reOJIOrHLJeCKHM yrrpaBJIeHHeM.
focY)J.apcTBeHHoH KOMrrJIeKCHOH reOJIOrHLJeCKOH C'beMKOH B MacIlITa6e
1 : 200000 oXBaqeHa 60JIbIlIaR qaCTb TeppI1TopHH pecny6JII1KH. 3a rrepHo)J.
1946-1958 rr. rrpoH3Be)J.eHa C'beMKa CJIe)J.ylOllJ,HX JIHCTOB: N -35- I II (BH)J.3bI),
Hcrr. B. 11. OaClOKeBHLJ, A. H. MaKJIaKOBa; N-35-IV (BpaCJIaB), Hcrr.
E. H. )KyK, JI. T. OY3aHoB; N-35-VI (060JIb), Hcrr. f. H. 3y6oBHq,
H. 11. PY)J.HHUKHH H )J.p.; N-35-IX (OocTaBbI), Hcrr. B. A. IIIH)J.JIOBCKHH,
T. M. BYKO; N-35-X (f.1Jy6oKoe), Hcrr. B. B. 4eXOBHq, JI. T. OY3aHoB;
N-35-XV H 3arra)J.Ha5I LJaCTb N-35-XVI, Hcrr. A. H. BeccoHoB, B. B. KOpOJIb<
qYK; N-35-XX (JIH)J.a), Hcrr. JI. TaMKYToHeHe, JI. 11. HOBOrpa6JIeHa;
N-35-XXI (CTOJI6ubI), Hcrr. B. B. 4eXOBHq, A. C. KOBaJIeHKO; N-35-XXVI
(CJIOHHM), Hcrr. H. M. fpHrrHHcKHH, B. A. OaJIa3HHK; N-35-XXVII (Bapa-
HOBHLJH), Hcrr. O. A. JIeoHOBHLJ H )J.p.; N-35-XXVIII (CJIyuK), Hcrr. JI. K. Bep-
3HHa, 3. 11. )KHroUKa5I; N-35-XXIX (CT. ,I:LoporH), Hcrr. O. A, JIeoHOBHLJ 11
)J.p.; 3ana)J.Ha5I qaCTb JIHCTa N-35-XXXIV, Hcrr. K. <P. Pa)J.bKOBHq II
B. C. AKHMeu; N-35-XXXV (OeTpHKoB) H N-35-XXXVI (M03blpb), Hcrr.
E. H. fHMMeJIbIlITeHH; N-34-XXIV (fpO)J.HO), Hcrr, JI. M. MaJIRBKO,
J1. H. B03H5ILJYK; N-34-XXXVI (BpeCT), Hcrr. A. K. KOBaJIbLJYK, M. C. KHq.
KHHa; N-36-I (Cypa2K), Hcrr. B. A. IIIH)J.JIOBCKHH, H. 11. Py.n.HHUKHH;




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nm npH CM BCCP no 3a
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eHbI Ha 60JIbilieH qaCTH
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6aHoB, M. <P. Me
Be
b, f. f. MaJI5Ip, M. 5I. DaYHe, IO. C. 3y6pHU;KHH.
r. <P. fnHH5IHa5I, I1. C. J1ellI,HHCKa5I, A. H. PerrHHa, 3. J1. JJ,MHTpHeBa,
H. C. 11JIbHHa, H. P. Bepe30BCKa5I, M. 11. fpHu;eHKo H
p.).
PellIeHHe BorrpocoB CeJIbCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro OCBOeHI15I 60noT H H36bI-
TOqHO YBJIa2KHeHHblx 3eMeJIb Tpe60BaJIO
eTaJIbHoro H3yqeHI15I n'epBblx OT
nOBepXHOCTIl BO
OHOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB, C KOTOpbIMH B OCHOBHOM CB5I3aHbI
npou;eccbI 3a60JIaq11BaHH5I 0611IHpHOH TeppHTopHH f1onecbH. B COOTBeTCTBl111
C u;eJIeBbIM Ha3HaqeHHeM pa60T nJIOllI,a
Hble rH
poreoJIOrHqeCKHe HCCJIe
O-
BaHH5I conpOB02K
aJII1Cb Herny60KHM 6ypeHHeM H B CB5I3H C 3THM OCBellI,aIOT
rrO
3eMHble BO
bI BepxHeH qaCTH cTpaTHrpaqmqeCKOrO pa3pe3a. BOJIee rny-
60KHe BO
OHOCHble ropH30HTbI H3yqeHbI C ropa3
0 MeHbilieH
eTaJIbHOCTbIO.
fH
pOreOJIOrHqeCKHe C'beMKH B MacllITa6ax 1: 200000, 1: 100000 H
1 : 50 000 npOBO
HJIIiCb Ha IOre H 3ana
e BeJIOpyccHH rro Cneu;HaJIbHoMY u;e-
JIeBoMY Ha3HaqeHHIO H He OTBeqaIOT Tpe60BaHI15IM B qaCTH rJIy6HHHOCTil
H3yqeHH5I rH
pOreOJIOrHqeCKHX YCJIOBHH 3aKapTHpOBaHHOH TeppHTopHH.
CBe
eHH5I 0 rrO
3eMHWX Bo
ax rJIy60KHX BO
OHOCHWX ropH30HTOB Ha
TeppllTOpHH BeJIOpYCCHH HaKarrJIHBaJIHCb B rrpou;ecce rrOI1CKOB YrrpaBJIe-
HHeM l'eOJIOrHH rrpH CM BCCP MHHepaJIbHbIX BO
, H3yqeHHH reOJIOrHqe-
CKoro CTpOeHH5I rJIy6HHHbIX He
p B CB5I3H C B03M02KHbIM BbI5IBJIeHHeM B HHX
pa3JIHqHbIX rrOJIe3HbIX HCKorraeMbIX (Heq)Tb, ra3, KaJIHHHa5I H KaMeHHa5I
COJIH H
p.), a TaK2Ke rrpH 6ypeHHH TpeCTOM «BYPBO
» CKBa2KHH
JIH BO
O-
cHa62KeHH5I.
C 1958 r. rrJIOllI,a
Hble rH
pOreOJIOrHqeCKHe HCCJIe
OBaHHH npOBO
qTC5I
feoJIOrO-rH
poreOnOrHqeCKOH 3Kcrre
HU;HeH, a C 1966 r. BenopyccKHM reo-
JIoro- rH
poreoJIOrHqeCKHM TpeCToM YnpaBJIeHH5I reOJIOrHH npH COBeTe MH-
HHCTpOB BCCP B KOMnJIeKCe C rocy
apcTBeHHoH reOJIOrHqeCKOH C'beMKOH
B MacllITa6e 1 : 200000.
KOMrrJIeKCHa5I reoJIOrO-rH
pOreOJIOrHqeCKa5I C'beMKa cOrrpOB02K
aeTC5I
6ypeHHeM H onpo60BaHHeM cpaBHHTeJIbHO rJIy60KHx CneU;HaJIbHbIX rH
pO-
reOJIOrHqeCKHX CKBa2KHH C yqeTOM H3YQeHH5I BO
OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, Ha
KOTOpbIX M02KeT 6a3HpoBaTbcH BO
OCHa62KeHHe ropo
oB H rrpOMWIlIJIeHHbIX
u;eHTpoB. 3a nepHo
 C 1958 rro 1963 r. KOMnJIeKCHOH reoJIoro-rH
poreoJIo-
rHqeCKOH C'beMKOH B MacllITa6e 1 : 200000 nOKpbITbI CJIe
YIOllI,He JIHCTbI BO-
CTOqHOH H 3arra
HoH qaCTeH pecrry6JIHKH: N-35-XII (BellIeHKOBHqH), Hcrr.
B. H. fYPCKHH, B. I1. fpH
HH; N-36-XIII (OpllIa), Hcn. M. 5I. DaYHe,
6. H. fYPCKHH; N-36-XIX (MOrHJIeB), Hcrr. r. 11. I1JIbKeBHq, B. 11. fop6a-
TeHKO; N-36-XX (KpHqeB), Hcrr. H. I1. PY
HHU;KHH, 11. B. IllaMllieBa;
N-36-XXXII (JJ,06pYIlI), Hcrr. B. H. fYPCKHH, C. K. BepTKoBa; N-35-XXV
(BOJIKOBbICK), Hcrr. A. K. KOBaJIbqYK, J1. A. KpHBollIeHKo; N-35-V (00-
JIOU;K), Hcrr. B. I1. f1acIO
eBHq, B. <P. fJIe60B.
KpoMe rH
poreOJIOrHqeCKHX C'beMOK, Ha 3HaqHTeJIbHbIX rrJIOllI,a
HX BeJI-
rHnpoBo
x030M B nOCJIeBOeHHbIH rrepHo
 npOH3BO
IiJIHCb rH
poreOJIOrHqe-
CKHe Hccne
OBaHH5I Ha OT
eJIbHbIX OrpaHHQeHHbIX yqaCTKaX C u;eJIbIO rrOJIY-
qeHH5I HCXO
HWX
aHHWX
JIH rrpoeKTHpOBaHH5I pa60T rro CeJIbCKOX03HHCT-
BeHHoMy OCBoeHHIO KOHKpeTHblx 60JIOTHbIX MaCCHBOB.
B CBH3H C peKoHcTPYKU;HeH ropo
oB H cTpOHTeJIbCTBOM HH2KeHepHblx
coopY2KeHHH Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP pa3JIHqHbIMH opraHH3aU;H5IMH npOH3BO-

HJIHCb H3bICKaHH5I, B pe3YJIbTaTe KOTOpbIX HaKOrrJIeH 60raTbIH MaTepHaJI,
QaCTo
OBOJIbHO
eTaJIbHO oCBellI,aIOllI,HH HH2KeHepHO-reOnOrHQeCKHe Ii rH
-
poreOJIOrHqeCKHe YCJIOBH5I OT
eJIbHbIX rrYHKToB.
C 1959 r. YrrpaBJIeHHeM feOJIOrHH rrpH CM BCCP rrpOH3BO
5ITC5I nJIa-
HOMepHble nOHcKoBo-pa3Be
OqHbIe pa60TbI rro BbIHBJIeHHIO MHHepaJIbHbIX BO


JI5I cTpOHTeJIbCTBa Ha HX 6a3e caHaTopHeB H KypOPTOB B pecny6JIHKe. 3a




14


Hct'OP'iHI ,PH.1JiPOr'EOJIOr.MGEiCI(HX HOCJIE)J,OBAHI-FJ:r


nepHO)J, C 1959 no 1964 r. npOI13Be)J,eHHbIMH pa60TaMH B pallOHe ropo!!toJ!l
MHHCKa, BliTe6cKa, POra'l,eBa H 03. HapO'lb )J,OKa3aHO H3JIH'r[He JleGe6f.Ib1X
BOA B TOJIllJ,e naJIe030HCKHX t! BepXHenpOTep030H-CKHX OTJIOlKeHlfl1 (HCIL
B. A. OJIbXOBHK, C. 11. fY.B.aK).
C 1960 r. YnpaBJIeHHeM reOJIOrHH npH CM BCCP BnepBbIe .lI.JI5I Be-
JIOpYCCHH npoH3Bo;II.5ITC5I nOHcKoBo-pa3Be.ll.Ol!Hble H .lI.eTaJIbHbIe rH.lI.poreOJIo-
rHl!eCKHe HCCJIe.ll.OBaHH5I C nO.ll.Cl!eTOM 3KCnJIyaTau.lioHHbIX 3anaCOB npecHbIx
[IO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll. )J,JI5t BO.ll.OCHa6lKeHH5I HaH60JIee KpynHbIx rOpo.ll.OB, CTpoeK
60JIbiliOH XHMHH H .lI.PyrHx KpynHblx npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX u.eHTpoB pecny6/1liKH.
B Tel!eHHe HeCKOJIbKHX JIeT B paHOHe MHHCKa, CBeTJIOrOpCKa H fOMeJI5I
rli.ll.pore0J10rlil!eCKHMH napTH5IMH YnpaBJ1eHH5I reO.IJOrHli npH CM BCCP pa3-
Be)J,aHbI H YTBeplK.lI.eHbI B fK3' 3anaCbI npeCHbIX nO)J,3eMHbIX BO.ll. B KOJIHl!eCT-
Bax, .lI.OCTaTOl!HbIX .lI.JI5I nOJ1HOrO 06eCnel!eHH5I X035IHCTBeHHo-nHTbeBoro BO.ll.O-
cHa6lKeHH5I 3THX ropO.ll.OB He TOJIbKO B HaCT05IllJ,ee BpeM5I, HO H B nepcneK-
TliBe (Hcn. C. 11. fY.ll.im, M. 11. 3103bKeBH'l, A. C. Ka6aHoB, B. f. J1060-
.lI.eHKo, f. f. MaJ15Ip, A. 11. CBeplK.I1HCKHH, P. A. CTaHKeBHl!, 10. f. IlIKHJIb).
11poBe)J,eHHbIMH pa60TaMH YCTaHOBJIeHO, '-ITO Ha TeppHTopHH BeJIOpycclIH
HaH60JIee 6JIarOnpH5ITHbIMli .lI.JI5I cTpOHTeJIbCTBa BO.ll.03a60poB 5IBJI5IlOTC5I Te
Yl!aCTKH, r.ll.e OCHOBHOH .lI.JI5I 3KCnJIyaTau.HH BO.ll.OHOCHbIll ropH30HT HMeeT
HaH60JIbillYlO MOllJ,HOCTb H BO.ll.OOT.lI.al!Y BO.ll.OBMellJ,alOllJ,liX nopo.ll.; 3aJIeraeT
Ha rJIy6HHax, 06eCnel!liBalOllJ,HX C03.l1.3Hlie He06xo.ll.HMbIX nOHHlKeHHlI B CKBa-
lKHHax B Tel!eHHe Bcero paCl!eTHOrO cpoKa 3KCnJIyaTau.HH BO.ll.03a60pa;
HMeeT rH.lI.paBJIHl!ecKYlO CB5I3b C BbIIlle- H HHlKeJIe>KallJ,HMH BO.ll.OHOCHbIMI1
ropH30HTaMH, cO.ll.ep>KallJ,HMH npecHbIe BO.ll.bI, a TaKlKe C nOBepxHocTHbIMlI
BO.ll.OTOK3 MH.
nOcTaHoBKa rli.ll.poreOJIOrHl!eCKliX liCCJIe.ll.OBaHliH, pa3pa60TK3 npHMe-
HHTeJIbHO K MeCTHbIM YCJIOBH5IM nOHcKoB, .lI.eTaJIbHOH pa3Be.ll.KH H nO.ll.Cl!eTa
3KCnJ1yaTau.lioHHbIX 3anaCOB npecHbIx Ii MHHepaJIbHbIX nO.ll.3eMHbIx BO.ll. Ha
TeppHToplHI BCCP C 1959 r. npOH3Bo.ll.HTC5I no.ll. PYKOBO.ll.CTBOM n. A. J1eo-
HOBHl!a, A. 11. CBeplKHHcKoro, H. M. fpHnHHcKoro, f. f. MaJI5Ipa li
C. n. fY.lI.aKa.
3'Ha'-IliTeJIbHa5I pa60Ta no YCTaHOBJIeHHlO 3aKoHoMepHocTeH pacnpoCTpa-
HeHH5I li BbI5IBJIeHlilO MliHepaJIbHbIX BO.ll. )J,JI5I pa3BHTH5I Ha HX 6a3e KYpOP-
TOB B pecny6JIHKe npOBe.ll.eHa M. <P. K03JIOBbIM.
KOJIJIeKTHBY rH.lI.poreOJIOrOB YnpaBJIeHH5I reOJIOrHH npH CM BCCP
BeCbMa 60JIbillYlO H u.eHHylO nOMOllJ,b no MeTO.ll.HKe pa3Be)J,KH H nO)J,C'leTy
3KCnJIyaTau.HoHHbIX 3anaCOB npeCHbIX nO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll. .lI.JI5t u.eJIeH BO.ll.O-
cHa6lKeHli5I OKa3aJIH pa60TbI H. H. BliH.lI.eMaHa (1963) Hero HeO.ll.HOKpaT-
HbIe KOHCYJIbTau.HH no pa3Be.ll.Ke nO.ll.3eMHbIX BO)J, Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP.
C 1947 r. BeJIOPyccKOH rH.lI.poreOJIOrHl!eCKOH CTaHu.HeH YnpaBJIeHH5I
reOJIOrHli npli CM BeCp BbIilOJIH5IlOTC5I pa60TbI no Ha6JIlO.lI.eHlllO 3a peJoim-
MOM nO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.lI., npOH3BO)J,HTC5I KOJIHl!eCTBeHHa5I ou.eHKa OCHOBHbIX
3J1eMeHTOB 6aJIaHCa rpYHTOBbIX BO.ll. no OT.lI.eJIbHbIM paHOHa1\i H paCl!eTbI
IlIHPHHbI 30HbI BJIH5IHH5I naBO.ll.Ka p5I.lI.a peK BeJIOpYCCHH Ha ypOBHH rPYHTO-
BbIX BO)J,. B nOCJIe.ll.HHe rO.ll.bI opraHH30BaHbI H npOH3BO.ll.HTC5I Ha6JIlO.lI.eHlHI
3a pelKHMOM nO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll. B HapYllIeHHbIX 3KCnJIyaTau.Hei-i YC,10BH5IX
B OCHOBHbIX ropO.ll.aX H npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX u.eHTpax pecny6JIHKH, a TaKlKe Ha-
l!aTbi pa60TbI no oxpaHe nO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll. OT HCTOllJ,eHH5I .11 3arp5I3HeHHH
(Hcn. 11. M. KopHHeHKo, 3. 11. )I(Hrou.KaH, P. A. CTaHKeBI1l!, A. n. BaxoB-
CKHH H .lI.p.).
B nOCJIeBOeHHbIH nepHO.ll. Ha6JIlO.lI.eHHH 3a pelKHMoM nO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll.
6bIJIH opraHli30BaHbI 11HCTliTYTOM re0J10rHl!eCKHX HaYK AH BCCP B fJIYc-
CKOM li CTapo6HHcKOM pailoHax (M. <P. K03JIOB, 51. M. IlIHJIliHcKa5I H .lI.p.).
O.ll.HOBpeMeHHo C npoBe.ll.eHlieM nOJIeBbIX HCCJIe.ll.OBaHHH BbInOJIH5IJIC5I
CJIOlKHbIll KOMnJIeKC KaMepaJIbHbIX, TeMaTHl!eCKHX H HaYl!HO-HCCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIb-
CKliX pa60T.




Hcttlpn5t r41Jj,porEoJIof'M<JOCK'HX HtJC.fI
)J.6BAHPr



15


JJ:O BeJIlIKOH OTe'IeCTBeHHOH BOHHbI CBO)J.Rble pa60TbI rro rH)J.poreOJIO-
nn!. EeJIOPycClHl. 6bIJIH COCTaBJIeHbI f. B. EOrOMOJIOBbIM (1937, 1938, 1941).
. B 1944 r. COTPY)J.HHKaMH Bf<p (B. 11. JJ:yxaHHHa .11 A. B. llJ,ep6aKoB)
.11 EeJIOPyccKoro reOJIOrrrqeCKOrO yrrpaBJIeHHH (A. H. 30JIOTapeBa) COCT3B-
.J1eH Ka)J.aCTp rrO)J.3eMHbIX BO)J. ECCP rro COCTOHHHIO Ha 1/1 1941 r. Ka)J.acT-
pOM yqTeHO OKOJIO 13000 BO)J.HbIX 06'beKTOB, B TOM 'Ill.CJIe 6YPOBbIX Ha
BOjJ.y CKBa>KHH OKOJIO 3000. A. H. HapeBlI.'I, Ha'IHHaH C 1945 r. .11 B fIOCJIe-
jJ.YIOW:He rOjJ.bI, 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO rrOrrOJIHHJI H CHCTeMaTH3HpOBaJI KajJ.aCTp rro)!.-
3eMHblX BOjJ. rro pafIOH aM COBpeMeHHoro ajJ.MHHHCTpaTHBHoro )J.eJIeHH5I
ECCP. I1M >Ke COCTaBJIeHbI perHCTpall,lI.OHHble KapTbI 6YPOBbIX CKBa>KHH rro
06JIaCT5IM B MaCllITa6e 1: 200000. Oc06eHHo 3Ha'-IHTeJIbHO rrOrrOJIHeH Ka-
jJ.acTp rrO)J.3eMHbIX BO)J. rro 3arr3)J.HbIM 06JIaCT5IM ECCP. K HaCT05'Iw:eMY Bpe-
MeHlI. KajJ.acTpoM rrOjJ.3eMHbIX BO)J. ECCP Y'-ITeHO OKOJIO 9000 CKBa>KHH.
B 1945 r. B. H. .D:yxaHHHoil COCTaBJIeH3 KapTa OCHOBHbIX BO)J.OHOCHbIX
rOpH30HTOB EeJIOpyccHli. B MaCllITa6e 1: 1 000000 C 06'bHCHlI.TeJIbHOH 3a-
rrHcKoH. B 3TOH pa60Te npHBe)J.eHa KpaTKaH xapaKTepHcTHKa BO)J.OHOCH
X
ropH30HTOB 'IeTBepTH'-IHbIX .11 'IaCTH'-IHO jJ.O'-IeTBepTH'-IHbIX OTJIO>KeHHH, )J.aHbI
peKoMeH)J.all,lI.H rro rrpaKTH'IeCKoMY HCrrOJIb30BaHHIO HX )J.JIH lI,eJIeH BO)J.ocHa6.
>KeHHH.
B 1945-1946 rr. COTpY)J.HHKaMH 6. EeJIOpyccKoro reOJIOrH'-IeCKOrO yrr-
paBJIeHHH (A. H. 30JIOTapeBa, 11. M. KopHHeHKo H )J.p.) .11 HHcTHTYTa reo-
JIOfH'IecKHX HaYK AH ECCP (M. <P. K03JIOB) rro)J. 06w:eH pejJ.aKlI,HeH
f. B. EOrOMOJIOBa COCTaBJIeHbI CBO)J.Hble fH)J.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe KapTbI BCCP
B MaCIIITa6e 1 : 500000 C 06'bHCHHTeJIbHbIMH 3anHCKaMlI., cO)J.ep>KaW:HMH K(\-
qeCTBeHHYIO .11 KOJIH'-IeCTBeHHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKY rrO)J.3eMHbIX BO)J. B OCHOB-
HOM HerJIy60Ko 3aJIeralOW:IIX BOjJ.OHOCHbIX rOpll.30HTOB.
B 1946 r. M. <P. K03JIOBbIM (HHCTHTYT reOJIOrrr'IecKHX HaYK AH
ECCP) 3aKOH'-IeHa pa60Ta «fHjJ.poreOJIOrH'-IeCKOe paHOHlI.pOBaHHe TeppHTo-
pHH BOCTOqHOr1 qaCTH BCCP». Ha OCHOBaHHH aH3JIH33 60JIbillOrO <p aKTH -
'-IeCKOrO MaTepll.aJIa rro rrOjJ.3eMHbIM BO)J.aM ECCP B ::nOH pa60Te rrpI1Bo.
)1.HTCH xapaKTepHcTHKa rH)J.poreOJIOrHqeCKHX YCJIOBHH paHoHa, YCTaHaBJIH-
BaIOTC5I OCHOBH
e 3aKoHoMepHocTH pacrrpejJ.eJIeHHH rrO)J.3eMHWX BOjJ. .11 )J.a-
eTCH rH)J.poreOJIOrH'IeCKOe paHOHHpOBaHHe C BbI)J.eJIeHHeM rJIaBHeHIIIHX BO-
)1.0HOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, HMelOW:HX rrpaKTH'-IeCKOe 3HaqeHHe.
B 1947 r. BbIlliJIa .113 rre'-IaTH MOHorpa<pH5I f. B. EOrOMOJIOBa «TIO)J.3eM-
Hble BO)J.bI EeJIOPYCCHH». ABTOpOM rrpOH3Be.n:eHO rH)J.poreOJIOrH'-IeCKOe paHO-
HHpOBaHHe TeppHTopHH ECCP .11 rrpHBejJ.eHa xapaKTepHCTHKa CTerreHH BO-
)J.006eCrre'-IeHHOCTH BbI)J.eJIeHHbIX rH)J.poreOJIOrH'-IeCKHX paHOHOB MOHorpa-
<p H5I HJIJIlOCTpHpyeTC5I cepHeH KapT .11 p33pe30B, Ha OCHOBe KOTOpbIX YCTa-
HaBJIHBaeTCH xapaKTep .11 YCJIOBHH 3aJIeraHH5I apTe3HaHCKHX H rpYHTOBWX
BOjJ..
B 1951 r. A. A. MaKKaBeeBbIM (BCEfHHfEO) 6bIJIO COCTaBJIeHO
«CBo)J.Hoe rHjJ.poreOJIOrll.'-IeCKOe Onll.CaHHe TIpll.fI5ITCKOrO TIOJIeCb5I B CB5I3l1.
C ero oCYllIeHHeM». B pa60Te )J.aHa )J.eTaJIbHa5I xapaKTepHCTHKa rH)J.poreo-
JIOrH'-IeCKHX YCJIOBHH TIOJIeCb5I lI. BO)J.Horo rrHTaHH5I 60JIOT.
B 1955 r. COTPY)J.HHKOM 6. 3ana)J.Horo reOJIOrH'-IeCKOrO yrrpaBJIeHIIH
E. A. CaBHlI,KOH COCTaBJIeHa KapTa OCHOBHbIX BO)J.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB lYe.
JrOPYCCKOH, JIHTOBCKOH, JIaTBHHcKOH CCP .11 KaJIHHHHrpa)J.cKoH 06JIaCTeM
PC<pCP MacIIITa6a 1: 1 500000 )J.JI5I lI,eJIerr CeJIbCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro BO)J.O-
cHa6)KeHH5I, a B 1957-1958 rr. - 0630pHble rH)J.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe KapTbI
1\1:-6a 1 : 500000 OCHOBHbIX .11 )J.orrOJIHHTeJIbHbIX BO)J.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB )J.JI5I
CeJIbX03Bo)J.ocHa6>KeHHH TeppHTopHH ECCP. 3TH KapTbI 5IBJI5IlOTC5I COCTaB-
HOH '-IaCTblO H3)J.aHHOH B 1960 r. KapTbI OCHOBHbIX BO)J.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB
EBporreHcKoll 'IaCTH CCCP MacIIITa6a 1: 1 500000 )J.JIH lI,eJIeH BOjJ.ocHa6-
)KeHHH, COCTaBJIeHHOH KOJIJIeKTHBOM HaY'IHbIX COTPY)J.HHKOB OT)J.eJIa perHo-
HaJIbHOll rH)J.poreOJIOrll.H BCEfHHfEO H rll.)J.poreOJIOraMH p5IjJ.a TeppIITo-




16


HCTOPH
 rH
POrEOnOrHqECKHX HCCnE
OBAHHR


pHaJIbHbIX reOJIOrHlJeCKHX ynpa'BJIeHHH no)J. PYKOBO)J.CTBOM B. 11. lI.yxa-
HHHOH.
B TOM 2Ke 1955 r. A. 5L CTeq,aHeHKo H A. O. MapKoBoH (11rH AH
ECCP) 3aKOHlJeHa MOHorpaq,H5I «00)J.3eMHbIe BO
bI naJIe030HCKHX OTJI02Ke-
HHH ECCP», B KOTOpOH OCBew:aIOTC5I BonpOCbI q,OpMHpOBaHH5I nO)J.3eMHbIX
BO)J., npHYPOlJeHHbIX K naJIe030HCKHM OTJI02KeHHHM.
B nOCJIeBOeHHoe BpeM5I BbIllIeJI p5I
 pa60T A. 5L CTeq,aHeHKo,
M. <P. K03JIOBa, A. O. MapKoBoH H )J.p. (1951, 1952, 1958, 1960, 1964),
rrOCB5Iw:eHHbIX MHHepaJlbHbIM Bo
aM ECCP H nepcrreKTHBaM HX HCnOJIb30-
BaHHH B 6aJlbHeOJlOrHlJeCKHX
eJl5IX H B npOMbIIlIJleHHOCTH, H A. O. JIaB-
pOBa (1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963) - rro o
eHKe BO)J.Horo 6aJlaHCa Ha
OCHOBe H3YlJeHH5I rH)J.porpaq,oB peK. 113YlJeHHIO HH2KeHepHo-reOJlOrHlJeCKHX
CBOHCTB OT)J.eJIbHbIX reHeTHlJeCKHX THnOB nopo)J. rrOCBHw:eHbI pa60TbI
11. JI. lI.3HJlHbI (1960, 1961) H H. 11. Oapq,eHoBoH (1961) (11rH AH
ECCP), H. 11. JIoBbIrHHa (1961) (EeJIOpyccKHH nOJlHTeXHHlJeCKHH HHcm-
TYT) .
B 1955-1958 rr. pa60THHKaMH BH11rp11 11. M. KJlHMOBbIM H r. r. Pa-

IOIlIKHHOH npoH3Be)J.eH c60p H 0606w:eHHe rH)J.poxHMHlJeCKHX MaTepHaJIOB
rro 3ana)J.HoH lJaCTH PYCCKOH nJlaTq,opMbI, oXBaTbIBaIOw:eH H TeppHTopHIO
ECCP. B pa60Te oxapaKTepH30BaH COJleBOll H ra30BbIH COCTaB BO)J. B rra-
JIe030HcKHx OTJlO2KeHH5IX H YCJlOBH5I HX q,OpMHpoBaHHH.
B 1958 r. ony6JIHKOBaHa KapTa rpYHToBbIX BO)J. EBponeHcKoH lJaCTH
CCCP MaCIlITa6a 1: 1 500000, COCTaBJleHHa5I KOJlJIeKTHBOM aBTopoB
(BCEr11HrEO) no)J. PYKOBO)J.CTBOM A. H. CeMHxaToBa H B. 11. lI.yxaHH-
HOH. Ha '::nOH KapTe oT06pa2KeHO pacnpocTpaHeHHe, rJly6HHa 3aJIeraHHH
H XHMHlJeCKHH COCTaB rpYHToBbIX BO
, a B 06'b5ICHHTeJIbHOH 3anHCKe K HeH
)J.aHa KpaTKaH xapaKTepHcTHKa rrO
3eMHbIX BO)J..
B 1962 r. ony6JlHKOBaHa pa60Ta KOJlJleKTHBa aBTopoB - r. B. Eoro-
MOJlOBa, M. C. 51HIlIHHoH, r. H. OJlOTHHKOBa, JI. 11. <PJIepOBOH - «00)J.-
3eMHbIe BO)J.bI
eHTpaJlbHOH H 3arra
HoH lJaCTeH PYCCKOH rrJlaTq,opMbI».
B HeH Ha oCHOBe naJleOrH)J.poreOJlOrHlJeCKOrO aHaJIH3a OCBew:aIOTCH YCJIO-
BHH q,OpMHpOBaHH5I pa3JlHlJHbIX THrrOB nO)J.3eMHbIX BO)J. B naJle030e.
B orry6JlHKOBaHHOH B 1963 r. pa60Te «reOJlOrHH, rH)J.poreOJlOrHH H Heq,-
Tera30HOCHOCTb EeJlOPyccHH» M. A. raTaJIbCKHH 0606W:HJl 60JlbllIOH MaTe-
pHaJl no nO
3eMHbIM BO)J.aM rJly60KHx ropH30HTOB ECCP.
B 1962-1963 rr. TeMaTHlJeCKHMH napTHHMH rJlaBreOJlOrHH ECCP
0606w:eH 061lIHpHbIH q,aKTHlJeCKHH MaTepHaJl H COCTaBJleH pH)J. CBO)J.HbIX
pa60T no nO)J.3eMHbIM Bo
aM EeJlOpyccHH.
B 1962 r. r. r. MaJl5IpOM H JI. M. BOJlKOBOH (YnpaB/leHHe reOJlOfHH
npH CM ECCP) no)J. MeTO)J.HlJeCKHM PYKOBO)J.CTBOM B. 11. lI.yxaHHHoH
(BCEr11HrEO) COCTaBJleHa rH
poreOJlOrHlJeCKaH KapTa EeJlOpyccKOH CCP
MacIlITa6a 1: 2 500000 C 06'bHCHHTeJlbHOH 3arrHcKoH. Ha oCHOBaHHH 0606-
w:eHH5I Bcex rH
pOreOJlOrHlJeCKHX MaTepHaJlOB, HaKonJleHHbIX B rrpo
ecce
reoJloro-rH)J.poreOJlOrHlJeCKOrO KapTHpOBaHH5I, 6ypeHHH rJly60KHx orropHbIx
H 3KCnJlyaTa
HoHHbIX Ha BO
Y CKBa2KHH H
PYrHX rH)J.poreoJIOrHlJeCKHX
aH-
HbIX, B 3TOH pa60Te oT06pa2KeHbI 3aKoHoMepHocTH 3aJIeraHHH, pacnpe,lJ,e-
JIeHH5I H, lJaCTHlJHO, q,OpMHpoBaHHH nO
3eMHbIX BO
, npHBe
eHa xapaKTe-
pHCTHKa HX XHMHlJeCKoro COCTaBa, Bo
006HJIbHOCTH BO)J.OBMew:aIOW:HX no-
po
 H YKa3aHa B03M02KHOCTb npHMeHeHfIH nO
3eMHbIX BO)J. B Hapo
HoM xo-
35IHCTBe. rH)J.poreOJIOrHlJeCKaH Ka pTa EeJlOpyccKOH CCP MacIlITa6a
1 : 2 500 000 5IBJIHeTC5I cocTaBHoH lJaCTbIO rH)J.poreoJlOrHlJeCKOH KapTbI TeppH-
TOpHH CCCP MaCIlITa6a 1: 2 500 000, COCTaBJIeHHOH no)J. PYKOBO)J.CTBOM
B. 11. lI.yxaHHHoH.
B 1961-1962 rr. M. 51. QaYHe, P. 11. Pa
3eBHlJ H
pYrHe (YnpaBJle-
HHe reOJIOrHH rrpH CM ECCP) no
 MeTO}J.HlJeCKHM pyKoBo
CTBOM H. H. EHH-
)J.eMaHa (BCEr11HrEO) npoH3Be
eHa perHOHaJIbHa5I o
eHKa 3KCnJIyaTa-




HCTOPH
 rH,n:POrEOJIOrHqECKHX HCCJIE,n:OBAHHn


17


U,HOHHbIX 3aIJaCOB IJpeCHbIX IJO):(3eMHbIX BO,n: BeJIOPYCCHH. 3aIJaCbI IJO,n:CqH-
TaHbI IJO OCHOBHbIM BO):(OHOCHbIM rOpH30HTaM H KOMIJJleKCaM. OHH OIJpe,n:e-
.J1HJIHCb BeJIHqHHOH ITpHMepHO, B TPH pa3a IJpeBbIIlIaIOIlI,eH IJoTpe6HOCTb pec-
IJV6JIHKH B BO,n:e Ha 1980 r.
- IO. C. 3y6pHu'KHM H J1. M. BOJIKOBOH (YIJpaBJleHHe reOJIOrHH IJpH
CM BCCP) IJO):( MeTO):(HqeCKHM PYKOBO,n:CTBOM M. B. 4YPHHoBa
lBCEr11HrEO) B 1962-1963 rr. COCTaBJIeHa HH1KeHepHO-reOJlOrHqeCKa5I
KapTa BeJIOPyccKOH CCP MacIlITa6a 1 : 2 500 000 C 06'b5ICHHTeJIbHOH 3aIJHC-
KOH. B ::nOH pa60Te ):(aHa HH1KeHepHO-reOJIOrHqeCKa5I xapaKTepHcTHKa ITO-
BepxHocTHbIX OT JlO1KeHHH.
no 3a):(aHHIO HHcTHTYTa rH):(pOIJpOeKT Ha OCHOBaHHH MaTepHaJIOB reo-
.TJOrO-rH):(poreOJIOrHqeCKHX cpe,n:He- H KPYIJHOMaCIlITa6Hblx C'beMOK, ):(aHHbIX
6YPOBbIX CKBa1KHH H aHaJIH3a pa60TbI cYIlI,eCTBYIOIlI,HX Bo):(03a6opoB r. r. Ma-
.JI5IpOM, P. 11. CTaHKeBHqeM H M. n. 3I03bKeBHqeM (YIJpaBJleHHe reOJlOrHH
IJpH CM BCCP) B HaqaJIe 1964 r. COCTaBJleHO 3aKJlIOqeHHe 06 HCTOqHHKaX
Bo):(ocHa61KeHH5I 44 HaH60Jlee KPYIJHbIX ropo,n:oB BeJlOPyccHH Ha 1970 H
1980 rr. H pa3pa60TaHa IJpe):(BapHTeJIbHa5I cxeMa pacITOJI01KeHH5I rpYIJIJo-
BbIX Bo,n:03a6opoB IJO Ka1K):(oMY ropo,n:y. B COCTaBJleHHOM 3aKJIIOqeHHH 060c-
HOBaHa B03M01KHOCTb IJOJIHOrO y,n:oBJIeTBOpeHH5I IJoTpe6HocTH ropo):(oB pec-
ITy6JIHKH B X035IHCTBeHHO-IJHTbeBOH Bo):(e Ha 1970 H 1980 rr. 3a CqeT IT 0):(-
3eMHblX BO,n:. 3TH MaTepHaJlbI IJOJI01KeHbI B OCHOBY IJpH COCTaBJIeHHH reHe-
paJIbHOH cxeMbI KOMIJJIeKCHOro HCITOJIb30BaHH5I BO):(HbIX pecypcoB BeJIoPYc-
CKOH CCP.
113JlO1KeHHble cBe):(eHH5I 0 rH,n:poreOJIOrHqeCKOH H3yqeHHOCTH TeppHTo-
pHH BeJIOPYCCHH cBH):(eTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, qTO IJO peCITy6JIHKe 3a HCTeKiliHII
IJepIIo,n: HaKOIJJIeH 60JIbiliOH <paKTIIqeCKHH MaTepHaJI, KOTOpbIH ITepHo,n:H-
qeCKH o606IlI,aJIc5I COTpy):(HHKaMII YIJpaBJleHH5I reOJIOrHH IJpH CM BCCP,
6. 11HcTHTYTa reOJIOrHqeCKHX HaYK AH BCCP, HHcTHTYTa BCEr11HrEO
H ,n:PYrHX opraHH3au,IIH. 3aBepIlIaIOIlI,eH CTa):(HeH CBO):(KH H o606IlI,eHII5I
rH):(poreOJIOrHqeCKIIX MaTepIIaJIOB ITO TeppHTopHH BeJIOpyccHII Ha ,n:aHHoH
CTa,n:HH ee H3yqeHHOCTH 5IBJI5IeTC5I ITo,n:rOTOBKa K II3):(aHHIO HaCT05IIlI,erO TOMa
«rH,n:poreOJIOrH5I BeJIOpyccKOH CCP».
0606IlI,eHHble MaTepHaJIbI IJO rH):(poreOJIOrHII BeJIOPyccHH 6y,n:YT HC-
nOJIb30BaHbI pa3JIHQHbIMH opraHH3au,H5IMII IJpH IJpOeKTHpoBaHHH ITIITbeBOro
H TeXHHqeCKOrO Bo):(ocHa61KeHH5I, H3YQeHHH II ou,eHKe IJo,n:3eMHbIX BO,n: KaK
IICTOQHHKa Cblpb5I ):(JI5I JleQe6HbIX H IJpOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX u,eJIeH, IJOCT aHOBKe pa3-
.TJHqHbIX BH):(OB 60JIee ):(CTaJIbHbIX rH,n:poreOJIOrHQeCKHX pa60T ITO ):(aJIbHeH-
IlIeMy H3yqeHHIO IJo,n:3eMHbIX BO,n:, a TaK1Ke ):(JI5I pa3BHTH5I TeOpeTIIQeCKHX
HCCJIe):(oBaHHH no <pOpMHpoBaHHIO IJo,n:3eMHbIX BO):(.
O):(HaKo K HaCr05IIlI,eMy BpeMeHH CTeIJeHb H3YQeHHOCTH IJO):(3eMHbIX BO):(
BCCP 5IBJI5IeTC5I HepaBHoMepHoH KaK IJO IJJIOIlI,a,n:H, TaK H Ha rJIy6HHY. BMe-
CTe C TeM pOJIb ITo,n:3eMHbIX BOJI B Ha pO):(HOM X035IHCTBe peCIJy6JIHKH B u,e-
JIOM 3HaQHTeJIbHO B03paCTaeT B CB5I3H C pa3BHTHeM XHMHQeCKOH H ,n:pyrHx
BHJIOB IJpOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTH, a TaK1Ke HHTeHCHcpHKau,IIH CeJlbCKorO X035IHCTBa.
,I:LJI5I peIlIeHH5I IJpaKTIIQeCKHX BOIJpOCOB IJO HCITOJlb30BaHIIIO IJO):(3eMHbIX
BOJI Heo6xo,n:HMO 3aBepIlIHTb Ha BceH TeppHTopHH peCIJy6JIHKH rHJIporeOJlO-
rHQecKylO C'beMKY B MacIlITa6e 1 : 200000 C IJpHMeHeHHeM 6ypeHH5I rJIy60-
KHX rHJIpOreo.TJOrHQeCKHX CKBa1KHH. B pe3YJIbTaTe 3TH X C'beMOK 6y,n:YT H3Y-
QeHbI rpyHToBble BOJIbI, a TaK1Ke 60JIee rJIy60Ko 3aJleraIOIlI,He BO):(OHOCHble
ropH30HTbI C IJpeCHbIMH Bo,n:aMH, KOTopble IJOCJIY1KaT 6a30H ,n:JI5I Bo,n:ocHa6-
lKeHH5I ropo):(oB H IJpOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX IJpe,n:IJpH5ITHH. MaTepHaJIbI 3THX C'beMOK
IJ03BOJI5IT BbI):(eJIHTb OCHOBHble ):(JI5I 3KCIJ.TlyaTau,HH BO):(OHOCHble ropH30HTbI.
,QaJIbHeHillee H3YQeHHe HK 6y):(eT npoH3Bo):(HTbC5I IJYTeM IJOCTaHOBKH IJOHCKO-
Bo-pa3BeJIOQHbIX H ):(eTaJIbHbIX rHJIpOreOJIOrHQeCKHX HCCJIe,n:oBaHHH, 3aBep-
IlIaIOIlI,HXC5I ITO):(CQeTOM 3KCIJJIyaTau,HOHHbIX 3aIJaCOB IJO):(3eMHbIX BO,n: IJO IJpO-
MbIIlIJIeHHbIM KaTerO p H5IM:
KH H ITOJICQeTa 3KCITJIyaTaU;HoHHbIX
2 3aK. 04368 /;;. .:: . . ' . . " 'C'





r JIABA 11
OCHOBHblE ECTECTBEHHOHCTOPHqECKHE c:l>AKTOPbI,
OnPE)].BJHllOllI,HE PACnpOCTPAHEHHE ,"-.
11 c:l>OPMHPOBAHHE nO)].3EMHbIX BO)].


<IIH3HI(0-fEOfPA<IIHQECI(HE <IIAKTOPbl
PeJIbe4>. COBpeMeHHbIH peJIbecp 5eJIOpYCCIIH cpOpMHpOBaJICH B TeqeHHe
.lI.JIHTeJIbHOrO BpeMeHH. Ho OCHOBHble LJepTbI OH npH06peJI B KaHH030HCKYIO
9PY H B OC06eHHOCTH B qeTBepTHqHUH nepHO,[( B CBH3H C ,[(eHTeJIbHOCTblO
JIe.lI.HIfKOB, cpJIIOBHOrJIHlJ,HaJIbHbIX nOTOKOB, a TaKlKe TeKyqHX BO,[( B nOCJIe-
JIe,[(HHKOBoe BpeM51.
B 06Ill,HX qepTaX COBpeMeHHaH nOBepXHOCTb 5eJIOpYCCHH npe,[(CTaB-
JIHeT qepe,[(OBaHIIe 06UlHpHbIX XOJIMHCTbIX B03BblIlleHHOCTeH C nJIOCKHMH
paBHIIHaMH HJIH CJIa60BorHYTbIMH HH3HHaMH (pHC. 2).
HaH60JIee B03BblIlleHHbIH II nepeCeqeHHbIH peJIbecp Ha6JIIO,[(aeTcH B ce-
Bepo-3ana,[(HoH qaCTH 5eJIOpyccHH.
OT 3ana,[(HbIX rpaHIIlJ, pecny6JIIIKII Ha BOCTOK, a 3aTeM Ha ceBepo-Bo-
CTOK npoTHHYJIaCb 5eJIOpyccKa51 MopeHHaH rpH,[(a, ,[(OCTHralOIlI.aH B cpe,[(HeH
qaCTH MHHCKOH B03BblweHHOCTII BUCOTbI 350 M Ha,[( ypoBHeM MOpH.
5eJIOpyccKa51 rpH,[(a paCq.TIeHeHa Ha pH,[( B03BblweHHocTeH, pa3,[(eJIeH-
HbIX peqHbIMH ,[(OJIHHaMH HJIH BKJIHHHBalOIlI.HMHCH yqaCTKaMH npHJIeralO-
Ill,HX HH3HH. Ha 3ana,[(e OHa BKJIlOqaeT rpO,[(HeHCKYIO (,[(0 239 M), BOJIKO-
BbICCKYIO (,[(0 252 M), CJIOHHMCKYIO (,[(0 210 M) H HOBorPY,[(CKYIO B03BblweH-
HOCTH ,[(0 323 M BbICOTOH, C IOrO-BOCTOKa K nOCJIe,[(HeH npIIMbIKaeT KOnbIJIb-
CKaH rpH,[(a C 60JIee BbIpoBHeHHoH nOBepxHocTblO.
MHHcKaH B03BbIweHHOCTb Ha ceBepo-BOCTOKe pecny6JIHKH nOHIIlKaeTCH
H B paHoHe JIeneJIbCKOrO H JIYKOMJIbCKOrO 03ep ,[(OCTHraeT BbICOTbI254 M,
3aTeM OHa nepeXO,[(HT B OpwaHCKO- BHTe6cKYlO B03BblweHHOCTb, ceBepHee
KOTOpOH paCnOJIOlKeHbI HeBeJIbCKO-rOpO,[(OKCKHe BbICOTbI, ,[(OCTHralOIlI.He
250 At Ha.lI. ypoBHeM MOp51.
Ha 3ana,[( II ceBepO-3ana,[( OT MHHCKOH B03BblweHHOCTH OTXO,[(HT Ow-
MHHCKa51 C BblCOTaMII ,[(0 320 M H CBeHlJ,HHCKaH (,[(0 285 M) rpH,[(OBo-MopeH-
Hble B03BblweHHOCTII, coe,[(HHHIOIlI.He 5eJIOpyccKYlO rpH,[(y C 5aJITHHcKOH.
K OWMHHCKOH rpH,[(e C IOro-3ana,[(HoH ee CTOpOHbI npHMbIKaeT He60JIbWaH,
npHno,[(HHTaH ,[(0 200 M Ha,[( YPoBHeM MOpH MeJIKOXOJIMIICTaH JIH,[(cKaH paB-
HHHa.
Ha KpaHHeM ceBepe pecrry6JIHKH paCnOJIOlKeHbI He60JIbWHe OTpOrH H
60KoBble rpH,[(bI 5aJITHlIcKOH rpH,[(bI, H3BeCTHble no,[( Ha3BaHHeM 5pacj]8J3-
CKOH (,[(0 180 M) H OCBeHCKOH rpH,[( (194 M).
MelK.lI.Y nepeqHCJIeHHbIMII MopeHHbIMH rpH,[(aMH paCnOJIOlKeH pH,[( HH-
3HH. HaH60JIee 06WHpHOH HBJIHeTCH flOJIOlJ,KaH HH3HHa, npHrro,[(HHTaH HaA
ypoBHeM MOp51 Ha 130-160 M. B,[(OJIb 3ana,[(HoH )],BHHbI pacrrOJIaralOTCH
Cypa:JKCKaH (150-170 M) H LIawHHKcKaH (100-150 M) HH3HHU.
MelK,[(y CBeHlJ,HHCKOH II OWMHHCKOH rpH,[(aMH HaXO.ll.IfTC51 HapOqaHO-
BHJleHcKaH HH3HHa (140-160 M), HMelOII.I.aH KOTJIOl3.11HHbIM H nJIOCKOXOJI-
2*




20 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPHtI. <!>AKTOPbI. onPE)].. PAcnp. H <!>OPMHP. nO)].3. BO)].


MHCTbIH peJIbecp B ceBepHoH LIacTH, a Ha lOre rrepexo)].HIlJ,aH B )].OJI!1HY
p. BHJIHH. HeMaHcKaH HH3HHa rrpocTHpaeTcH Ha TeppHTopHH 3ana,ll,a pec-
ny6JIHKH. A6coJIIOTHbIe OTMeTK!1 ee nOBepxHocTH COCTaBJIHIOT 120-140 oM.
OHa npe,ll,CTaBJIHeT C060H ,lI,OBOJIbHO 06I1lHPHYIO ,lI,peBH101O ,lI,OJIHHY p. He-
MaHa, HaKJIOHeHHYIO K 3arra,ll,Y.
B 6acceHHe peK )],PYTH, 5epe3HHbI H flT!1qH paCnOJIOlKeHa 06I1l!1pHaH
UeHTpaJIbHO-5epe3HHCKaH paBHHHa C npe06JIa,ll,alOIlJ,HM!1 OTMeTKaMH 160-
180 Ha ceBepe !1 140-150 oM Ha lOre.
flo BepxHeMy TeLIeHHIO p. Ill.apbI paCnOJIOlKeHa 5apaHOB!1QCKaH paB-
HHHa C a6COJIIOTHbIMH BbICOTaMH 160-180 oM.
Ha IOrO-3ana,ll,e pecny6JIHKH K 5eJIOpyccKOH rpH,lI,e np!1MbIKaeT flPH-
6yrcKaH paBHHHa C MeJIKOXOJIM!1CTbIM MopeHHbIM peJIbecpoM !1 OCTaTKaM!1
KOHeQHbIX MopeH. OHa paCnOJIOlKeHa Ha a6COJIIOTHbIX BbICOTax 150-200 M,
a Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe CJIHBaeTCH C H!13HHOH flOJIeCbH.
flOJIeCbe npe,ll,CTaBJIHeT C060H nJIOcKYIO, cJIa60,ll,peHHpoBaHHYlO JIOlK-
6HHY, COCTOHIlJ,YIO H3 I1lHpOKHX, nJIOCKHX peLIHbIx Teppac, 06'be,ll,!1HHeMbIx
cHcTeMoH p. flpHrrHTH. 3TH TeppacbI CJIOlKeHbI MOIlJ,HbIM CJIOeM ,lI,peBHero
H cOBpeMeHHoro aJIJIIOBHH H HMelOT a6COJIIOTHbIe OTMeTKH OT 110 ,lI,O 160 oM.
3ana,ll,HaH qaCTb HH3MeHHOCTH, Ha3bIBaeMaH 5pecTcKHM flOJIeCbeM, Haxo-
,lI,HTCH Ha a6COJIIOTHbIX OTMeTKax 140-150 M. UeHTpaJIbHOe flpHnHTcKoe
nOJIeCbe CHIflKaeTCH K p. )],Henp ,lI,O a6COJIIOTHOH OTMeTKH 110 M.
MopeHHbIe XOJIMbI H B03BbII1leHHOCTH B flOJIeCbe BCTpeqalOTCH cpaBHH-
TeJIbHO pe,ll,KO, HaH60JIee 3HaqHTeJIbHbIe H3 H!1X BOJIblHCKaH H M03bIpcKaH
rpH,lI,bI C OTMeTKaMH CBbII1le 200 oM Ha,ll, ypoBHeM MOpH.
PeJIbecp BOCTOLIHOH nOJIOBHHbI pecny6JIHK!1 paBH!1HHbIH, nJIaTo06pa3-
HbIH. HaH60JIee BbICOK!1M HBJIHeTCH .rreccoBoe OpI1laHCKO- MOfHJIeBCKOe nJIa-
TO, npope3aHHoe peLIHbIMH ,lI,OJI!1HaMH, 6aJIKaM!1 If OBparaMH. B Cpe,ll,HeH
qaCTH BbICOTa ero ,lI,OCTHraeT 240 M Ha,ll, ypoBHeM MOpH.
PeKH 5e.nOPYCCKOH CCP npIfHa,ll,JIelKaT 6acceHHaM 5aJITHHCKOro If LIep-
HOro MopeH. K 6acceHHY 5aJITHHCKOro MOpH OTHOCHTCH BO,ll,oc60pbI peK
3arr. )],BHHbI, JIoBaTH, HeMaHa If 3an. 5yra. OHH 3aHHMalOT 43 % rrJIO-
IlJ,a,ll,!1 5CCP. K 6acceHHY LIepHoro MOpH OTHOCHTCH BO,ll,oc60p p. )],Henpa,
3aH!1MalOIlJ,HH 57 % nJIOIlJ,a,ll,H pecrry6JIHKIf.
CaMoH KpynHoH peKoH 5eJIOpyccHH HBJIHeTCH )],Herrp, KOTOpbIH Ha Tep-
pHTOp!1H 5CCP HMeeT npoTHlKeHHOCTb 700 KM. XapaKTep peLIHoH J].OJIHHbI
H3MeHHeTCH BHIf3 no TeqeHHIO, Ha BceM npoTHlKeHHH Ha6JIIO,lI,aeTCH nO,ll,MbIB
npaBoro KpYToro H 06pbIBHcToro 6epera H 06pa30BaH!1e aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX
OTJIOlKeH!1H Ha HH3KOM JIeBOM 6epery. ll1!1pHHa pYCJIa H3MeHHeTCH OT 120-
150 ,lI,O 400-500 M. B ,lI,OJIIfHe peK!1 BbI,lI,eJIHIOTCH ,lI,Be TeppacbI, B03BblI1lalO-
IlJ,UeCH Ha,ll, ype30M BO,ll,bl Ha 4-10 H 10-12 At. Cpe,ll,HeMHOrOJIeTHHH YCTbe-
BOH paCXO,ll, COCTaB,IIHeT 583,98 M 3 /ceK. B )],Henp B rrpe,ll,eJIax 5CCP Bna-
,lI,alOT peKH 5epe3HHa, )],PYTb, CBHCJIOLIb, flpOHH - C rrpaBOH CTOpOHbI; COlK,
11 rrYTb , 5eCe,ll,b - C ,IIeBOH.
PeKa flpHnHTb HBJIHeTCH caMbIM 60JIbI1lHM (,lI,O 800 KM) H3 CY,ll,OXO,ll,-
HbIX np!1TOKOB )],Henpa B npe,ll,eJIax 5CCP. )],OJIHHa flp!1nHTH Ha BceM
npOTHlKeHHH HeHCHO BbIpalKeHa, PYCJIO ee If3BIfJIHCTOe, BO MHOr!1X MeCTax
pa3BeTBJIeHHOe, MeaH,lI,pHpYIOIlJ,ee, I1lHpHHa pYCJIa H3MeHHeTCH OT 30-40 ,lI,O
300 M. 5epera peKIf 06pbIBHcTbIe BbICOTOH 1,5-2,5 M Ha,ll, ype30M BO,ll,bI.
ll1IfpHHa nOHMbI H3MeHHeTCH OT 2,0-2,5 ,lI,O 30 KM. flpaBbIe npHTOK!1 flpH-
nHTIf: peKH Y60pTb, CTBIfra, rOpblHb, flpOCTbIpb; JIeBbIe np!1TOK!1: peKH
flTIf%, CJIyqb, 5IceJIb,ll,a, 506pHK, UHa H ,lI,p. JIeBbIe rrpHTOKH flp!1rrHTH
B npe,ll,eJIax MopeHHbIX B03BbII1leHHOCTeH HJI!1 rpH,lI, HMelOT LIeTKO BbIpalKeH-
HbIe peqHbIe ,lI,OJIHHbI C ,lI,OBOJIbHO KPYTbIMIf CKJIOHaMH BbICOTOH 10-30 M.
I1x nOHMbI I1lHpHHOH ,lI,O 400 oM nOKpbITbI 3aJI!1BHbIMH JIyraMH, MeCTaMH 3a-
OOJIOqeHbI. flpH nepexo,ll,e K flOJIeCCKOH HH3MeHHOCTH ,lI,OJIHHbI peR nOCTe-




<I>H3HKO-fEOfPA<I>H4ECKHE <I>AKTOPbI


21


neHHO CJIHBaIOTC5I C OKPylKalOllI.HMH 60JIOTHbIMH MaCCHBaMH. IllHpHHa HX
COCTaBJI5IeT 1,0-1,5 KM, a HHlKe rro TeqeHHIO )].0 7-12 KM.
PeKa 5epe3HHa HMeeT npOT5IlKeHHOCTb OKOJIO 613 KM, B BepXOBb5lX rrpo-
TeKaeT B lllHpOKOH 3a60JIoqeHHOH )].OJIHHe (4,5-6 KM), rrpe)].cTaBJIeHHOH
)].BYM5I TeppacaMH, B03BbIIlIaIOIlI.HMHC5I Ha)]. ype30M BO)].bI Ha 3-4 H 15-
20 ,11. IllHpHHa rroHMbI COCTaBJI5IeT 1-5 KM. pYCJIO peKH H3BHJIHCTOe, Me-
CTaMH pa3BeTBJIeHHOe, lllHpHHa ero B MelKeHb 20-40 M. B HH30Bb5lX KO-
peHHble 6epera 06pbIBHcTble H H3pe3aHbI OBparaMH, lllHpHHa pycJIa )].OCTH-
raeT 180 M, lllHpHHa )].OJIHHbI -)].0 20 KI(f.. Cpe)].HeMHoro.rreTHHH YCTbeBolf
pacxo)]. COCTaBJI5IeT 140,74 M 3 fceK.
PeKa COlK B rrpe,l1,eJIax pecrry6JIHKH HMeeT npOT5IlKeHHOCTb 640 KJI.t.
pYCJIO COlKa CHJIbHOH3BHJIHCTOe, )].OCTHraeT B lllHPHHY )].0 150 M. IllHpHHa
)].OJIHHbI H3MeH5IeTC5I B cpe)].HeM OT 1-2 KM B BepxHeM TeqeHHH )].0 10 KM
B HH30Bb5lX. C pe)].HeMHOrOJIeTHHH YCTbeBoH pacxo)]. COCTaBJI5IeT
224,94 M 3 jceK.
CeBepHa51 qacTb TeppHTopHH 5CCP B Cy6I1lHpOTHOM HarrpaBJIeHHH rre-
peCeqeHa p. 3arr. ,lJ,BHHOH C KaHboHo06pa3Hoil )].OJIHHOH H MaJIOH3BHJIHCTbIM
PYCJIOM, qaCTO C )].JIHHHbIMH np5lMbIMH IIJIeCaMH H HenOBceMeCTHO pa3BH-
TOH nOHMoH. ,lJ,OJIHHa peKH npe)].CTaBJIeHa )].BYM5I Ha)].rrOHMeHHbIMH Teppa-
caMH: BbICOTa nepBoH 8-11 M H BTOpOH OKOJIO 20-22 M. IllHpHHa nOHMbI
H3MeH5IeTC5I OT 10-15 ,11,0 200 M, I1lHpHHa pycJIa COCTaBJI5IeT 06blqHO 100-
160 M.
C npaBoH CTOpOHbI B 3arr. ,lJ,BHHY Bna)].alOT peKH ,lJ,pHcca, 060JIb, a
C JIeBOH - peKH Jlyqeca, YJIJIa, YI1laqa H ,lJ,HcHa. Cpe)].HeMHOrOJIeTHHH
YCTbeBOH pacxo)]. 3an. ,lJ,BHHbI COCTaBJI5IeT 499,8 M 3 jceK.
Ha 3arra)].e pecrry6JIHKH rrpoTeKaeT p. HeMaH rrpOT5IlKeHHocTblO)].O
460 KM H cpe)].HeMHOrOJIeTHHM YCTbeBbIM pacxo)].oM 216,4 M 3 fceK. pYCJIO
peKH H3BHJIHCTOe, HMeeT I1lHpHHy 4-8 M, HHor)].a )].OCTHraeT 40-100 M.
,lJ,OJIHHa p. HeMaH XOpOI1l0 pa3pa6oTaHa. B ee rrpe)].eJIax BbI)].eJI5IeTC5I )].Be
Ha)].rrOHMeHHble TeppacbI H JIHI1lb B paHoHe rpO)].HeHcKoH B03BbII1leHHOCTH
BbI)].eJI5IeTC5I n5lTb Ha)].I10HMeHHblx Teppac. Xa paKTep )].OJIHHbI Ha pa3Hblx
yqaCTKaX pa3JIHqeH, B BepXOBb5lX HeMaH HMeeT TOJIbKO nepBYIO Ha)].rroil-
MeHHylO Teppacy I1lHpHHOH 1,0-1,5 KM. B rrpe)].eJIax BepxHeHeMaHcKoH HH-
3HHbI BbI)].eJI5IeTC5I )].Be Ha)].noHMeHHble TeppacbI, cpe)].H5I5I I1lHpHlia rrepBoH
COCTaBJI5IeT 4-5 KM, BTOpOH - 15-20 KM. B paHoHe rpO)].HeHcKoH B03BbI-
weHHOCTH TeppacbI HeI1lHpOKHe, pa3BHTbI B BH)].e OT)].eJIbHbIX cerMeHTOB.
illHpHHa rrepBoH Ha)].rroHMeHHoH TeppacbI H3MeH5IeTC5I OT 50 )1:0 200 it, BTO-
pOH -)].0 5-6 KM, I1lI1pHH'a OCTaJIbHbIX Tpex Teppac He rrpeBbII1laeT 10-
15 M.
HaH60JIee KpynHbIM rrpHTOKOM HeM aHa, Brra)].alOIlI.HM C JIeBOH CTO-
pOHbI, 51BJI5IeTC5I p. mapa. pYCJIO ee I1lHpHHOH OKOJIO 30 M rrpOJIeraeT cpe)].!1
rreCqaHOH, rrOpOCI1leH JIeCaMH paBHHHbI.
PeKa BHJIH5I Brra)].aeT B p. HeMaH C rrpaBoH CTOpOHbI. ,lJ,OJIHHa ee I1lH-
pHHOH 0,2-2 KM HMeeT KpyTble 6epera, BblCOTa HX COCTaBJI5IeT 3-60 M.
113 )].pyrHX JIeBbIX rrpHTOKOB HeMaHa He06xo)].HMO 'OTMeTHTb peKH MOJI-
qa)].b, 3eJIbB5IHKY, POCCb H CBHCJIOqb, a H3 npaBblx - peKH 5epe3HHY H
KOTpy.
Ha IOrO-3ana,lI,e pecrry6JIHKH npoTeKaeT p. 3arr. 5yr. ,lJ,OJIHHa pCKH
BbII1le r. 5pecTa HMeeT I1lHPHHY 3-4 KM, MeCTaMH 7 KM. KopeHHble 6epera
ee cyrJIHHHCTble BbICOTOH 3-4 M. OCHOBHbIM npaBbIM rrpHToKoM 5yra 51B-
JI5IeTC5I p. MyxaBeIL C HH3KHMH nOJIOrHMH 6eperaMH, C 3a60JIoqeHHoI1
rroHMOH.
03epa. B 5eJIOpyccHH HaCqHTbIBaeTC5I )].0 4 TbIC5Iq 03ep. OCHOBHa51 qaCTb
03ep cocpe)].oTOqeHa Ha ceBepo-3arra)].e BO Bna)].HHax XOJIMHCTO-MopeHHoro
JIaH,lI,I1laqna. Cpe)].H HHX BbI)].eJI5IIOTC5I: HapOqb, ,lJ,PHCB5ITbI, CHY)].bI-CTPYCTO,
,lJ,PHB5ITbl, OCBeHcKoe, Helll.ep)].o H JlYKOMJIbCKoe. 3TH 03epa OTJIHqalOTcfl




22 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPl1'-!. <1>AR'rOPbI. onPE)J.. PAcnp. H <1>OPMHP. nO)J.3. BO,IJ:


3HaIfHTeJIbHbIM pa3Ho06pa3HeM oIfepTaHHH:, CJIOlKHbIM peJIbecpoM.D.Ha, He-
pe.D.KO KPYTbIMH 6eper3MH H HaJIHIIHeM OCTpOBOB; pa3Ho06p!;l3HbI OHH H
rro cBoeMY pelKlIMY. M3KClIMaJIbH3H rJIy6l1H3 lI3MeHHeTCH OT 8-10 (03epa
HeIll,ep)J.o H J1YKOMJIbKoe) ,lI.0 53 M (03. JIpHCBHTbI).
06p330BaHHe BbIIlleYKa3aHHblx 03epHblx KOT JIOBHH CBH33HO C ,lI.eHTeJIb-
HOCTb!O JIe,lI.HHKOB H3 TeppllTopHH 5eJIoPycolH.
flOJIeCCKHe 03epa 60JIee 0,lI.Ho06pa3HbI H paCnOJIOlKeHbI H3 peIfHblx Tep-
pacax B BH,lI.e CTapHIL JIH60 npe,lI.CTaBJIH!OT c060H: pacIllHpeHHble PycJIa peK.
50JIbIllHHCTBO H3 HHX COXpaHHJIOCb B rrJIOCKHX IfaCTO 3a60JIOIfeHHbIX nOHl1-
lKeHHHX 6JIarO,lI.apH He3HaIfHTeJIbHbIM YKJIOH3M H CJI360MY .D.peH3lKY Tep-
pllTOpllH.
}!3 nOJIeCCKHX 03ep rro CBOHM pa3Mep3M BbI.D.eJIH!OTCH 03. LIepBOHoe
nlIOIlI,a,lI.b!O 44 KM 2 , r JIy6HHOH: 5 M H '03. BblrOHOBCKoe nJIOIll,3)J.b!O 24 KM 2 ,
rJIy6l1HOH: 2,5 M.
B 03epax BCJIe,lI.CTBHe 33p3CT3HHH p33Ho06p33HOH: p3CnneJIbHOcTb!O
C03,lI.a!OTCH 6JIarOnpllHTHbIe YCJIOBlIH ,lI.JIH HaKOrrJIeHlIH CJIOH c3npOrreJIH MOIll,-
HOCTb!O ,lI.0 5-7 M.
flHT3HHe peK H 03ep 5eJIOpYCCHH npOHCXO,lI.HT 3a CIfeT nO,lI.3eMHbIX BO,lI.,
3 TaKlKe CTOK3 TaJIbIX CHerOBbIX H ,lI.OlK,lI.eBbIX BO,lI.. 113MeHIfHBOCTb ro,lI.O-
Boro CTOKa 33BHCHT OT KJIHMaTHIfeCKHX YCJIOBlIH:, a HMeHHO: OT 3TMoccpep-
HbIX OCa,lI.KOB H cpaKTopOB, 06YCJIOBJIHBa!OIlI,lIX CTOK BeceHHero nOJIOBO,lI.bH.
HOpM3 rO,lI.OBoro CTOKa peK 5eJIOpYCCHH YMeHbillaeTCH OT 260-240 MM n3
ceBepe .D.O 120-90 MM Ha !Ore.
MlIHHMaJlbHOH: H3MeHIfHBOCTb!O rO,lI.OBOro CTOKa xap3KTepH3Y!OTCH peKlI
6aCCeH:HOB HeMaHa H 5epe3HHbI, r,lI.e CHerOBoe nHT3HHe Hrp3eT BTopOCTe-
rreHHY!O POJIb.
KJIHMaT. 5eJIOPYCCHH paCnOJIOlKeHa B 30He YMepeHHoro KJIHMaT3. Te-
rrJIOBOH pelKHM X3 p3 KTepH3yeTcH nOCTeneHHbIM rrOHHlKeHlIeM TeMnep3TypbI
B03,lI.yxa B HanpaBJIeHHH C !OrO-33n3,lI.a Ha ceBepe-BOCTOK, B 33BlICHMOCTH
OT rrOHlIlKeHl1H MeCTa rro reorp3cpH'-IeCKOH: IllllpOTe H OTHOClITeJIbHO ATJIaH-
THIfeCKoro OKeaH3.
KOH'fHHeHT3JIbHOCTb KJIHM3T3 B03paCTaeT C 33n3,lI.3 Ha BOCTOK. HaH60-
JIee BbICOKa5I cpe)J.HerO,lI.OBaH TeMrrepaTyp3 (OKOJIO 8°) H36JI!O,lI.aeTC5I B
5pecTcKoH 06JIaCTH, a Hall60JIee HH3KaH - B BHTe6cKOH (5,5°). CaMaH HH3-
KaH Cpe,lI.HeMeCHIfHaH TeMrrepaTypa B03,lI.yxa Ha6JI!O,lI.3eTCH B HHBape, npH-
IfeM Ha Bcef! TeppHTopHH 5eJIOpyccHH OH3 HHlKe HYJIH (OT _4° Ha 3ana,lI.e
,lI.O _8° H3 BocToKe).
HaH60JIee BblCOKHe Cpe,lI.HeMeCHIfHble TeMnepaTypbI 6bIB3!OT B H!OJIe (OT
18,5° Ha ceBepe pecny6JIHKH ,lI.O 20° Ha !Ore).
Cpe,lI.HerO,lI.OBOe KOJIHIfeCTBO OCa,lI.KOB COCT3BJ1HeT 550-650 MAt, Ha B03-
BbIIlleHHOCTHX HX Bbma,lI.aeT HeCKOJIbKO 60JIbille (B OT,lI.eJIbHbIX MeCTax MHH-
CKOM 06JIaCTH OHO ,lI.OCTHraeT 700 MM, pHC. 3). B 3acYIllJIHBbIe rO,lI.bl ro.D.O-
Boe KOJIHIfeCTBO OCa,lI.KOB na,lI.aeT ,lI.O 300 MM, a BO BJI3lKHble rO,lI.bI ,lI.OCTH-
raeT 1000 MM H BbIIlle. B Cpe,lI.HeM 3a JIeTO B BeJIOpyccHH Bbm3,lI.3eT 40%
ro,lI.OBOH: CYMMbl OCa,lI.KOB, 3HMOH: B 2,5 pa3a, a BeCHOH: II oceHb!O - B' ,lI.Ba
p33a MeHbIlle, IfeM JIeTOM.
B nepHO,lI. C OKTH6pH rro anpeJIb OC3,lI.KH BWrr3,lI.a!OT 06WIfHO B DH,lI.e
CHera. YCTOMIfHBWH: CHelKHbIH: nOKpoB 06pa3yeTcH B ,lI.eKa6pe H3 ceBepo-
BOCTOKe pecny6JIHKH H 3aTeM pacnpoCTp3HHe'rcH H3 !OrO-3an3,lI.. BblcoTa
CHelKHoro rroKpoBa COCTaBJIHeT 150-250 MM Ha 3arra,lI.e H 300-400 MM H3
BOCTOKe. flpO,lI.OJIlKlITeJIbHOCTb coxpaHeHHH CHerOBoro rroKpoBa COCTaB-
J1HeT 3-4,5 MeCHILa.
BalKHbIM KJIlIMaTH'-IeCKHM cpaKTopoM, BJIHH!OIlI,HM HerrOCpe,lI.CTBeHHo Ha
HcrrapeHHe BO,lI.bl H KOCBeHHO H3 BeJIHIfHHY nOBepxHocTHoro CTOK3, HBJIHeTC5I
,lI.ecpHILlIT BJIalKHOCTlI, BHYTpHro,lI,oBoe H3MeHeHlIe KOToporo aHaJIOrHIfHO xo-
,lI.y H3MeHeHHH TeMllepaTypbI. H3H60JIbIllllX 3HaIfeHHH OH ,lI.OCTlIraeT B H!OJIe




4>H3UKO-rEOrpA.<I>H4ECKHE <I>AKTOPbI


23


(4,5-5,0 MM Ha ceBepe H 5,0-5,5 MM Ha lOre), HaHMeHbIIH!X - B ,lI,eKa6pe-
5!HBape (OKOJIO 0,3 MM). Cpe,ll,HerO,ll,OBOe 3Ha4eHHe ,lI,eqmILHTa BJIalKHOCTH
<:OCTaBJIHeT 2,0-2,5 MM. 113 rO,ll,a B ro,ll, OHo nO,ll,BepraeTCH He3Ha4HTeJIb-
HbIM H3MeHeHHHM.
nOIIBbl. D04BeHHbIH nOKpOB 5CCP cpopMHpyeTcH no,ll, BJIHHHHeM Tpex
-oCHOBHblX cpaKTopOB: KJIHMaTa, peJIbecpa H COCTaBa MaTepHHCKHX nopo,ll,.


HM 50 0
I, t I I l


5, 0


100


150 200HM
j 1



 . . , . . . . . . .I
2
3
4
5






PIle. 3. KapTa ro.n;OBbIX eYMM aTMoeljJepHbIx oca.n;KOB !J epe.n;H!Jx ro.n;OBbIX TeMl1e-
paTYP
1
 500-550 .M.M; 2 - 550-600 MM; 3 - 600-650 MAl; 4 - 650-700 AI",; 5 - 1130TepMbI (TeM-
rrepaTypa B03J\yxa Ha ypoBHe 3eMHoH rrOBepXHOCTII, 0 C)


B 5e/10pYCCI-!H npe06JIa,ll,3.IOT ,lI,epHOBO-nO,ll,30JIHCTble II04Bbl, nOKpbl-
BalOlIJ,He OKOJIO 60 % nJIOll.(a,ll,H pecny6JIHKH.
Do MexaHH4ecKoMY cocTaBY H CTeneHH OIIO,ll,30JIeHHOCTH ,lI,epHOBO-IIO,ll,-
30JIHCTbie n04BbI HeO,ll,HopO,ll,Hbl. )],0 5% nJIOll.(a,ll,H 3aHHMalOT rJIHHHCTble Ii
iHlKeJIOcyrJIHHHCTble pa3HOCTH. BCJIe,ll,CTBHe nJIOXOH BO,ll,OIIpOHHILaeMocTIi
OHH cJIa60 OnO,ll,30JIeHbi H Bb!ll.(eJI04eHbI Ha He60JIbillYlO rJIy6HHY. TaKHe
n04Bbi pacIIpoCTpaHeHbI B DOJIOILKOH HH3HHe H no cpe,ll,HeMY Te4eHHIO
p. JlYlJeCbl.
Cpe,ll,He- H JIerKocyrJIHHHCTbie pa3HoCTH 3aHHMalOT ,lI,O 22 % TeppHTo-
pHH H npHypOlJeHbI 60JIbllIeii. lJaCTblO K MopeHHbIM B03BblweHHOCTHM H
JIeCCOBbIM IIJIaTO.
CyneClJaHb!e ,lI,epHOBO-IIO,ll,30JIHCTbIe IIOlJBbl pacnpocTpaHeHbl B 6acceii.-
Hax peK )],PYTH, 5epe3HHbI, DTHlJH, Ha JlH,lI,CKOii. paBHHHe, a TaKlKe BCTpe-
'laIOTCH Ha CKJIOHaX MopeHHblX B03BblweHHOCTeH H OT,lI,eJIbHblX MopeHHbIX
rpH,lI,.
DeClJaHble CJIa60nO,ll,30JIHCTbIe nOlJBbI C
JIbHOIIpOMbITble H 6e,ll,Hble ne-
perHoeM 3aHHl\1aIOT 17% TeppHTopHH 5eJIOpyccHH, npHYPOlJeHbI K BO,ll,HO-




24 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPWt. <1>AKTOPbl, 011PE)J.. PAC11P. H <1>OPMHP. 110)J.3. BO)J.


JIe)J.HIIKOBbIM rreClJaHblM paH:OHaM nOJIeCb5J. II )J.pymx HII3IIH; pelKe OHII BCTpe-
lJalOTCH Ha MopeHHblx B03BblweHHOCTHX.
BOJIbWIIe rrJIOlil,a)J.II Ha IJ,eHTpaJIbHO-Bepe3IIHCKOH: paBHIIHe II B no-
JIeCbe 3aHIIMalOT 3a60JIolJeHHble )J.epHoBo-rro)J.30JIHCTble (110JIy60JIOTHble)
rrOlJBbl. OHII 5!BJIHIOTCH rrepexo)J.HblMII OT )J.epHoBo-rro)J.30JIIICTbIX K 60JIOTHblM
II 3aHIIM alOT 12 % rrJIOlil,a)J.H pecrry6JIIIKII.
B oc06ylO rpyrrrry BbI)J.eJIHIOTCH aJIJIIOBIIaJIbHO-JIyroBble rrOlJBbI pelJHbIX
rrOH:M, rrepHo)J.IIlJeCKI1 rro)J.BepralOlil,IIXCH 3aTOrrJIeHHIO.
PaCTUTeJIbHOcTb. PaCTIITeJIbHblH nOKpoB BeJIOPyccIIII rrpe)J.cTaBJIeH XBOH-
HO-WIIpOKOJIIICTBeHHbIMII JIeCaMII, JIyroBOH: II 60JIOTHOH paCTIITeJIbHOcTblO.
npe06JIa)J.alOlil,IIMII JIeCHbIMII t}:>opMaILIIHMII HBJIHIOTCH COCHOBble 60pbl
II )J.y60BO-eJIOBbIe JIeca. OCHOBHbIMII )J.peBecHbIMII rropo)J.aMII HBJIHIOTC5I coc-
Ha, eJIb, )J.y6, rpa 6. CocHa 3aHIIMaeT OKOJIO 60 % BceH J1eCHOH: rrJIOlil,a)J.II.
EJIb II )J.y6 rrpoII3pacTalOT no BCeH: TeppiiTopHII pecrry6JIIIKII, rpa6 pacrrpo-
cTpaHeH Ha lOre BCCP.
y!3 BceH rrJIOlil,a)J.H JIeCOB XBOH:Hble 3aHIIMalOT OKOJIO 70 %, MeJIKOJIIICT-
BeHHble - OKOJIO 25 % H WIIpOKOJIIICTBeHHbIe - HeMHorIIM 60JIbWe 5 %.
B BeJIOpyccIIII JIeca 3aHIIMalOT 25 % Tep piiTOpIIII, Jlyra OKOJIO 20 %, 60-
JIOTa BMeCTe C 3a60JIolJeHHbIMII JIyraMII 60JIee 20%; rrOlJTII 30% TeppIITo-
pIIII 3aHIIMaeT KYJIbTypHaH paCTIITeJIbHoCTb.
Ha BepxoBblX 6'OJIOTaX 06bIlJHO npoII3pacTalOT Mox-ct}:>arHYM, KapJIIIKO-
Bble COCHbl, 6arYJIbHIIK; HII3IIHHble 60JIOTa nOKpblTbl HH3KOpOCJIblMII 6epe-
3aMII II IIBaMH, lJepHOH OJIbXOH.
1-13 TpaBHHOH: paCTIITeJIbHOCTH npe06JIa)J.alOT OCOKH, CIITHIIKII, BaXTa,
Ca6eJIbHIIK. B p5l)J.e MeCT BCTpelJalOTCH TpOCTHIIK, XBOlil, II )J.p.


rEOJIOrH4ECKHE <MKTOPbl
OCl-lOBHble cmpYKmYPHo-meKmOHU'lecKue a./l.e.M-eHmbl
OOKe MopuiicKOlO KpUCma.ltAut.teCKOlO tjJYHOa.M-eHma


COBpeMeHl-JOe rrpe)J.CTaBJIeHIIe 0 CTpaTIIrpat}:>IIII, JIIITOJIOrIIH, Tel{TOHIIKe
II IICTOpIIII reOJIOrIIlJeCKOrO pa3BIITII5I TeppiiTopHII BeJIOPYCCIIII 6a3IIpyeTc5I
B OCHOBHOM Ha pe3YJIbTaTaX KpyrrHblx II )J.eTaJIbHblX IICCJIe)J.OBaHHH, BbIITOJI-
HeHHblX II orry6JIIIKOBaHHblX B rrOCJIe)J.Hee BpeMH B. C. AKIIMeIL (1953-
1963), r. B. BOrOMOJIOBbIM (1946-1962), E. n. BpYHC (1955-1957),
B. B. BOH)J.apeHKo, JI. H. B03HHlJYKOM (1958-1962), B. I\. rOJIy6ILoBblM
(1954-1961), M. C. 3aKawaHcKIIM (1948-1962), r. H. Ke)J.o (1955--
1963), M. <P. K03JIOBblM (1957-1963), I\. H. JIYKaweBbIM (1956-1961).
E. M. JIIOTKeBIIlJeM (1957-1962), C. C. MaHbIKIIHbIM (1959-1962),
A. C. MaXHalJeM (1951-1963), H. A. MaXHalJ (1957-1959), H. B. MIITH-
HIIHOH (1955-1963), A. M. narr (1959-1962), A. B. <pypceHKo (1953-
1960), II\. n. XOTbKO (1955-1960), M. M. IJ,arreHKo (1947-1960).
YKa3aHHble IICCJIe)J.OBaHII5I HBIIJIIICb KpyrrHblM BKJIa)J.OM B rr03HaHIIII reo-
JIOrHlJeCKOrO CTpoeHIIH He TOJIbKO TeppiiTopIIII BeJIOpYCCHH, HO II Bceli Pyc-
CKOH rrJIaTt}:>opMbI.
3TII pa60TbI, a TaKlKe pe3yJIbTaTbI rrpOII3Be)J.eHHbIX B rrOCJIe)J.Hee )J.eCH-
TIIJIeTIIe reOJIOrOC
eMOlJHblX H rrOIICKOBo-pa3Be)J.OlJHblX pa60T opraHII3aILIIH-
MH BeJIrJIaBreOJIOrIIII II fICrrOJIb30BaHbI )J.JIH COCTaBJIeHIIH HaCTOHlil,erO l\paT-
Koro OlJepKa.
no IIMelOlil,IIMC5I B HaCTOHlil,ee BpeM5I MaTepIIaJIaM rJIy60Koro 6YPe:H!l5I
II reot}:>II3IIlJeCKIIX IICCJIe)J.OBaHIIH Ha TeppiiTopIIH BeJIOpYCCIIII, HBJI5IIOlil,enCH
3arra)J.HOH lJaCTblO PYCCKOH rrJI aTt}:>op MbI, rro )J.OKeM6pIIH:CKOMY KpIICTaJIJIIIlJe-
CKOMY t}:>YH)J.aMeHTY MOlKeT 6bITb Bbl)J.eJIeH (pHC. 4) pH)J. cpaBHIITeJJbHO
KpyrrHblx CTPYKTypHo-TeKTOHIIlJeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB: BeJIOpyccKHH MaCCHB Hero
CKJIOHbl; IOlKHa5I lJaCTb JIaTBH:HCKOH: ce)J.JIOBHHbl; IKJI06HHCKa51 Ce,lJ,JIOBHHa,




rEOnOfHqECKHE
AKTOPM


25


coe,lI.HH5!lOIlI,aH DeJIOPYCCKIIH II BOpOHelKCKHH MaCCIIBbI: flOJIeCCKaH (I1HH-
CKaH) Ce,lI.JIOBIIHa, CBH3bIBalOIlI,aH DeJIOPYCCKHH .MaCCIIB C YKpaIIHCKIIM; Op-
maHCKaH BIIa,lI.IIHa, HBJIHlOIlI,aHCH 3aIIa,lI.HOH qaCTblO 1\10CKOBCKOH Bna,lI.HHbI;
flpHrrHTCKaH Brra,lI.HHa, rrpe,lI.CTaBJIHlOIlI,aH 3arra,lI.HOe npO,lI.OJIlKeHIIe JIHerrpoB-
CKo-JIoHeILKoH Brra,lI.IIHbI; DpeCTCKaH Brra,lI.IIHa; KpaHHHH lOlKHaH qaCTb Tep-
pIITOpIIII rrpHypOqeHa K YKpaIIHCKOMY KpIICTaJIJIHqeCKOMY MaCCIIBY.


8,


EJ2


j


PHC. 4. KapTa Kp!JcTaJIJIHtJecKoro IjJYH!(aMeHTa oeJIOpyccHH. COCT3'BHJIa
M. C. KHtJKHHa
1 -- H30,rHnCbI peJIbecpa KpnCTa.'1JIHIlCCKOro cPYH,II,aMeHTa; 2 - JIHHHH OCHOBHblX TeKTOJHHIle-
CKHx HapyrneHHH


DeJIOPYCCKIIH MaCCIIB 3aHIIMaeT 3HaqHTeJIbHYlO IIJIOIll,a,lI.b B Cpe,lI.HeH H
3ana,lI.HOH qaCTII pecny6JIIIKII. BbI,lI.eJIHeTCH OH YCJIOBHO IIO II30rIIIICe IIOBepX-
HOCTII KpHCTaJIJIIIqeCKOrO ipYH,lI.aMeHTa-500 M HIIlKe ypOBHH MOpH. CKJIOHbI
MaCCIIBa YCJIOBHO rrpIIHIIMalOTCH B IIHTepBaJIe H30rIIrrC ipYH,lI.aMeHTa OT
-500 ,lI.0 -750 M.
Co6CTBeHHO MaCCHB MOlKHO OKOHTypIITb JIIIHHeH, IIpIIMepHO rrpoxo,lI.5!-
meH qepe3 CJIe,lI.YlOIlI,He HaCeJIeHHble rrYHKTbI: lllapKoBIlI,HHa, BeTpIIHO, De-
rOMJIb, BOCToqHee MIIHCKa, OCIIrrOBHqH, KJIIIqeB, POraqeB, f JIYCCK, KJIeILK,
I1BaILeBIIqII, CBIICJIOqb, 3arra,lI.Hee fpO,lI.HO. B IIJIaHe MaCCIIB IIMeeT BbITH-
HYTYlO B IIlIIpOTHOM Harrp aBJIeHIIII II30MeTpIIqHYlO ipOPMY.
K 3aIIa,lI.Y II ceBepO-3arra,lI.Y MaCCIIB rrOJIoro norpYlKaeTCH B CTOPOHY
flOJIbCKO-JIIITOBCKOH Brra,lI.IIHbI. flpIIMepHO TaKOH lKe xapaKTep COqJIeHeHIIH
6eJIOPYCCKoro MaCCIIBa C OprnaHCKDH Brra,lI.IIHOH, rpaHIIqaIll,eH C MaCCIIBOM,
C ceBepO-BOCTOKa. K lOry II lOrO-BOCTOKY rrorPYlKeHIIe KpIICTa/1JIHqeCKorO
OCHOBaHIIH K flpHrrHTcKoH Brra,lI.IIHe - 06JIaCTII HaII60JIee rJIy60Koro Ha Tep-
pIITOpIIH pecrry6JIIIKH 3aJIeraHIIH ipYH,lI.aMeHTa, ,lI.OBOJIbHO KPYTOe. B panoHe'"
KOrrbIJIH-CJIYILKa OHO COCTaBJIHeT B Cpe,lI.HeM 50 M Ha 1 KM. BOCTOqHee Ha
yqaCTKe f JIYCCK - flapIIqII - fOpBaJIb - PeqIIILa - JI06pHHKa rrpOCJIe)KII--
BaeTCH pe3Koe cTyrreHe06pa3Hoe rra,lI.eHHe I<pIICTaJIJIHlleCKOro ipYH,lI.aMeHTa,




'26 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPHQ. <!>AI<TOPbI, OTIPE)],. PACIIP. H <1>OPMHP. II 0)], 3. BO)],


no CHCTeMe C6POCOB, OpHeHTi-IpOBaHHbIX B lllHpOTHOM H Cy6111HpOTHOM Ha-
npaBJIeHH5IX, C 06lll.eii aMrrJIHTY)J,oH 1000-4500 M H 60JIee.
flO-BH)J,HMOMY, HeCKOJIbKO )J,PyroH xapaKTep COLIJIeHeHH5I MaCCHBa
c BpecTcKoH Brra)J,HHoH. OHO rrpOHCXO)J,HT B 06lll.eM cpaBHHTeJIbHO rrOCTe-
rreHHO rro CHCTeMe OT)J,eJIbHbIX OTporOB MaCCHBa rJIy60Ko B)J,alOlll.HXC5I BO
Brra)J,HHY. Ha OT)J,eJIbHbIX YLIaCTKax COqJIeHeHHe 3)J,eCb rrpOHCXO)J,HT, OLIe-
BH)J,HO, rro 30HaM )J,H3'bIOHKTHBHbIX HapYllleHHH.
flOBepXHOCTb <PYH)J,aMeHTa Ha MaCOlBe BeCbMa HepOBHa51 H 3Ha qH-
TeJIbHO paCLIJIeHeHa. fJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I ero KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT -500 )J,O
+84 M. HaH6oJ1ee rrpHrrO)J,H5ITa51 CBO)J,OBa51 LIaCTb MaCCHBa rrpHypoLIeHa K
pafwHY JI!06Qa, HeropeJIoe, Y3)J,a, fpeccK, KOrrbIJIb, ceBepHee BapaHOBHqH,
HOBOeJIbH5I. rIoBepxHocTb KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKOro <PYH)J,aMeHTa B 3TOM paHoHe
3aJIeraeT BbIllie ypOBH5I MOp5l, a Ha yqaCTKe fopo)J,e51 - B060BH5I a6COJI!OT-
Hble OTMeTKH ero )J,OCTHra!OT rrJI!Oc 60-84 M (MOpHHCKO-B06oBH5IHCKHH Bbl-
cTyrr) .
K 3arra)J,Y OT CBO)J,OBOH LIaCTH MaCCHBa nOBepxHocTb KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKOrO
OCHOBaHH5I B 06lll.eM rrOJIoro rrorpYlKaeTC5I. O)J,HaKo B rrpe)J,eJIax rrorpYlKa!O-
lll.eHC5I rroBepxHocTH HMeeTC5I p5l)J, JIOKaJIbHbIX B03BblllleHHblX yqaCTKoB.
BYPOBblMH CKBalKHHaMH B COCTaBe KpHCTaJIJIHLIeCKOro <PYH)J,aMeHTa Be-
JIOpyccKoro MaCCHBa BCKpbITbI KOMrrJIeKCbI MeTaMop<pHLIecKHx H MarMaTH-
qeCKHX rropo)J" rrpe)J,cTaBJleHHble rHeHcaMH, rpaHHTaMH, rpaHo)J,HopHTaMH,
)J,HopHTaMH, aM<pH60JIHTaMH, ra66po. BepxH5I5I qaCTb rropo)J, qaCTO CHJIbHO-
Tpelll.HHOBaTa51 H BbIBeTpeJIa5l.
KpHCTaJIJIHLIeCKHH <PYH)J,aMeHT Ha MaCCHBe rrOBceMeCTHO rrepeKpbIT OCa-
)J,OLIHOH TOJIlll.eH pa3JIHqHOH MOlll.HOCTH, B COCTaBe KOTOpOH BbI)J,eJI5I!OTC5I
cTpaTHrpa<pHqeCKHe ropH30HTbI rra.1e0305l, Me303051 H KaHH0305l.
IOlKHa51 LIaCTb JIaTBHHcKOH ce)J,JIOBHHbI, npHMbIKa!Olll.a51 K BeJIopyc-
CKOMY MaccHBY C ceBepo-BocToKa, pa3)J,eJI5IeT OplllaHcKY!O H flOJIbCKO-J1H-
TOBCKY!O Brra)J,HHbI. fHrrcoMeTpH5I rroBepxHocTH, coctaB rropo)J, H xapaKTep
CoLIJIeHeHH5I 3TOH qacTH ce)J,JIOBHHbI C MaCCHBOM H Brra)J,HHaMH H3YLIeHbl He-
,lI.OCTaTOLIHO. flo HMe!Olll.HMC5I MaTepHaJIaM, rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I KpHCTaJI-
JIHqeCKOrO <PYH)J,aMeHTa 3)J,eCb KOJIe6JIeTC5I B rrpe)J,eJIax 750-900 M H!IlKe
ypOBH5I MOp5l. f1oKpbIBa!Olll.a51 <PYH)J,aMeHT oca)J,OqHa51 TOJIlll.a rrpe)J,cTaBJleHa
naJIe030HCKHMH H KaHH030HCKHMH OTJIOlKeHH5IMH.
)KJI06HHCKa51 ce)J,JIOBHHa B BH)J,e Y3Koro rrepellleHKa coe)J,HH5IeT Beno-
PYCCKHH MaCCHB C BOpOHe)KCKHM. KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKHH <PYH)J,aMeHT 3)J,eCb 3a-
JIeraeT Ha rJIy6HHe OT 200 )J,O 700 M HHlKe ypOBH5I MOp5l.
<t>YH)J,aMeHT Ha ce)J,JIOBHHe BCKpbIT B e)J,HHHqHbIX rrYHKTax, r)J,e BCTpe-
LIeHbI )J,Ba OCHOBHblX THrra rropo)J, - rpaHo)J,HopHTbI H KBapILeBble rrop<pHpbl
(MaXHaq, 1958).
IOlKHbIM rrO)J,3eMHbIM rrpo)J,oJ1lKeHHeM BeJIOPyccKoro MaCCHBa 5IBJI5IeTCH
flOJIeCCKa51 ce)J,JIOBHHa. OHa rrpe)J,cTaBJI5IeT C060H MepH)J,HoHa"1bHoe rrO)J,H5I-
THe KpHCTaJIJIHt!eCKOrO <PYH)J,aMeHTa HeCKO.'1bKO BbIIIYKJIOe B ILeHTpaJIbHO!!
qaCTH, pa3)J,eJI5I!Olll.ee f1pHrr5lTCKYIO H BpeCTCKY!O Bna)J,HHbI. A6COJI!OTHbIe
OTMeTKH <PYH)J,aMeHTa Ha ce)J,JIOBHHe KOJIe6JI!OTC5I B rrpe)J,eJIax MHHyc 250-
500 M. Ee CKJIOHbI K rrpHJIera!Olll.HM Brra)J,HHaM - rrOJIome. Ha !Ore ce)J,JIO-
BHHa rrOCTerreHHO rrepeXO)J,HT B BOJIbIHO-f10)J,OJIbCKY!O rrJIHTY (3arra)J,HbIH rro-
rpYlKeHHblH CKJIOH YKpaHHcKoro MaccHBa).
K ce)J,JIOBHHe C BOCTOKa rrpHMblKaeT CHHKeBHLIcKo-)KHTKOBHqCKHfI BbI-
cTyn <PYH)J,aMeHTa, rrpe)J,cTaBJI5I!Olll.HH C060H ropcT cy6111HpOTHoro rrpocTHpa-
HlUJ., rrpOCJIelKHBa!Olll.HHC5I Ha paCCT05lHHe 43-45 KM. Ha ceBepe BblcTyrr
nOJIoro rrorpYlKaeTc5I rro)J, TOJIlll.Y oca)J,OQHOrO LIeXJIa, a Ha !Ore OrpaHHqeH
,cTyrreHQaTbIM C6POCOM 60JIblllOH al\WJ\IfTY)J,bI. A6coJI!OTHble OTMeTKH rroBepx-
HOCTH KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKHX rropo)J, Ha BbIcTyrre KOJIe6JI!OTC5I OT 90-120 M
B ILeHTpaJIbHOH LIaCTH ropCTa )J,o 20-60 M BbIllie ypOBH5I MOp51 B KpaeBbIx
,ero LIaCT5IX.




rEOnOrHqECKHE $AKTOPW


27


<PYH)].aMeHT Ha Ce)].nOBIfHe npe)].CTaBneH 6IIOTIIT-nnamOKna30BbIMII
I'HeHCaMII, rpaHliTaMII, poroBo06MaHKOBblMII rpaHO)].IIOpliTaMII, )].IIOpliTaMli.
ra66po. Ha <PYH)].aMeHTe 3aneraeT Ton Ill. a )].peBHeHlllIIX rreCqaHliKOB 6eno-
PYCCKOH cepIIII, MOIll.HOCTblO B paHoHe [1IIHcKa OKono 380 Ai, nepeKpbITaH
MenOBblMII II HeoreHOBblMII OTnOlKeHIIHMII He60nbilloH MOIll.HOCTli. Ha Bbl-
cTyne <PYH)].aMeHT Henocpe)].cTBeHHo nepeKpblT qeTBepTIIqHblMII OTnOlKe-
HIIHMII.
PacnonolKeHHaH Ha ceBepo-BocToKe 5eJIOPyccIIII OpIllaHcKaH Brra)].IIHa
5!BJIHeTCH 3arra)].HblM OKOHqaHlieM MOCKOBCKOH CIIHeKJIII3bI. OCb Brra)].IIHbl
HMeeT cy6MepII)].IIoHaJIbHOe rrpoCTlipaHlie. B 3TOM lKe HanpaBJIeHIIII rrorpy-
)KaeTCH rroBepxHocTb KpliCTaJIJIIIqeCKOrO <PYH)].aMeHTa OT OTMeTKII -750 ,}t
Ha CK.'10HaX )].0 -1250 Ai II rJIy6lKe B orrYIlI.eHHOH qaCTII B paHoHe JIII03HO,
OCIIHTOp<pa, CypalKa. BHYTPII Brra)].IIHbl OTMeqalOTCH JIOKaJIbHble norpYlKe-
HIIH B paHoHe rOpOK, BOCTOqHee OpIllII, r)].e a6COJIlOTHble OTMeTKII <pYH)].a-
MeHTa )].ocTliralOT 1400 Ai II 60JIee HlilKe ypOBHH MOpH, a Ta K)Ke OT )].eJIbHble
BblcTyrrbI. Ha <pYH)].aMeHTe 3)].ecb 3aJIeraeT MOIll.HaH TOJIIlI.a B 500-600 Ai
rreCqaHliKOB 6eJIOpyccKOH cepIIII, a TaKlKe OTJIOlKeHIIH KeM6pIIHcKOH, )].eBOH-
CKOH II qeTBepTIIqHOH CliCTeM.
B npe)].eJIax [1 pIIrrHTcKoH Brra)].IIHbI KpliCTaJIJIIIqeCKliH <pYH)].aMeHT 3a-
JIeraeT Ha 3HaqIITeJIbHOH rJIy6IIHe. Brra)].IIHa OrpaHIIqeHa 30HaMII KpyrrHwx
TeKTOHIIQeCKliX pa3JIOMOB C ceBepa OT 5enopyccKoro MaCCHoa II C lOra OT
YKpaIIHcKoro MaCCliBa. [1oBepXHOCTb <pYH)].aMeHTa HepaBHoMepHo rrorpy-
lKaeTCH OT OTMeTOK 1500-2000 Ai B 3arra)].HoH qaCTII )].0 4000-5000 Ai HII-
lKe ypOBHH MOpH B UlaTIInKoBCKoH II EnbcKoH )].errpeccIIHx ueHTpaJIbHOH
'IaCTH. BOCTOqHee, B paHoHe 5pamHcKo-JIoeBcKoro rrO)].HHTIIH, <PYH)].aMeHT
3aJIeraeT Ha r JIy6IIHe 1100-1200 Ai HlilKe YPOBHH MOpH.
Oca)].OqHblH nOKpoB B [1pIIrrHTcKoH Brra)].IIHe BeCbMa MOIll.HbIH. OT/l0-
lKeHIIH 6eJIOPyccKOH cepIIII BepxHero rrpoTep030H II HlilKHero KeM
pIIH H3-
BeCTHbJ JIHillb B 3arra)].HoH qaCTII Brra)].HHbI. UllipOKO pacnpoCTpaHeHbl )].e-
BOHCKlie OTJIOlKeHIIH, oc06eHHo BepxHe)].eBoHcKIIe, C KOTOpbIMII CBH3aHbl
MOIll.Hble TOJIIlI.II COJIeH. 3HaqIITeJIbHOH MOIll.HOCTII BO Brra)].IIHe )].OCTliralOT
OTJIOlKeHIIH Kap60Ha, rrepMII, Tpliaca, lOpbl H MeJIa. KaHH030HCKlie 06pa30-
BaHliH pacrrpocTpaHeHbl IllIIpOKO, HO IIMelOT cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60JIbillYlO
MOIll.HOCTb.
B oca)].OqHOH TOJIIlI.e [1pIInHTcKOH Brra)].IIHbl yCTaHOBJIeHO 3HaqIITeJIbHOe
qIICJIO CTPYKTYP, OCJIplKHeHHblx COJIHHOH TeKToHliKOH. [1oBceMecTHo pa3BII-
TaH COJIeHOCHaH TOJIIlI.a qaCTO 06pa3yeT KyrrOJIOBII)].Hble CTPYKTypbl C KPy-
TblMII rra)].eHIIHMII Ha KpblJIbHX.
Ha oT)].eJIbHbIX CTpYKTypax cBo)].aM COJIII cooTBeTcTBYlOT BblcTyrrbl <PYH-
)].aMeHTa, )].pyrIIe KyrrOJIa paCnOJIOlKeHbl Ha yqaCTKaX rJIy60Koro 3aJleraHliH
<pYH)].aMeHTa. Ha HeKoTopblX CTpYKTypax cBo)].aM COJIII cooTBeTcTBYlOT rro)].-
HHTIIH Me3030HcKliX OT JIOlKeHIIH. 4acTo rro)].HHTII5I Me3030HcKliX OT JIOlKeHIIH
CIIJIbHO CMeIll.eHbl rro OTHOilleHIIlO K cBo)].aM COJIeHOCHOH TOJIIlI.II.
IOro-3arra)].HaH qaCTb TeppliTopIIII pecrry6JIliKII rrpIIypOqeHa K 5peCT-
CKOH Brra)].IIHe, OrpaHIIqeHHOH C ceBepa 5eJIOpYCCKliM MaCCliBOM, a C BOCTOKa
[10JIeCCKOH ce)].JIOBliHOH. Ha 3arra)].e OHa Herrocpe)].CTBeHHO rrepeXO,J.IIT
B [10JIbCKO-JIliTOBCKYlO Brra)].HHY. KpliCTaJIJIIIqeCKliH <pYH)].aMeHT rrorpYlKa-
eTCH C BOCTOKa Ha 3arra)]. OT OTMeTOK 750 ,J.O 2500 Ai II 60JIee HlilKe ypOBHH
MOpH. [10 re0<pII3IIqeCKliM )].aHHbIM, B npe)].eJIax Brra)].IIHbl IIMeeTCH pH)].
3aMKHYTbIX norpYlKeHHblX yqaCTKOB B paHOHe [10p030BO, BbICOKoe, AHTO-
nOJIH H MaJIOpliTbI.
Oca)].OIlHbIH rrOKpOB Brra)].IIHbl rrpe)].CTaBJIeH OTJIOlKeHIIHMII KeM6pIIH,
0p)].OBHKa, CHJIypa, nepMH. Ha pa3JIIIqHblX ropH30HTax rraJIe030H 3)].eCb He-
nocpe)].CTBeHHO 3aJIeralOT TpliaCOBbJe, lOpCKlie II BepXHeMeJIOBble OTJIOlKe-
HIIH, l1epeKpblTble KaHH030HCKliMII 06pa30BaHIIHMII.




28 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPH4. <1>AK:TOPbl, OTIPEJ!.. PACTIP. H <1>OPMHP. TIOJ!.S. BOR


OrpaHH4eHHY!O qaCTb TeppHTopHH Ha !OrO-BOCTOKe BeJ10Pyccml 3aHH-
, MaeT YKpaHHcKHH KpHCTaJ1J1HqeCKHH MaCCllB. 3)1.eCb KpHCTaJ1J1HqeCKHH <PYH-
)1.aMeHT BbIXO)1.HT HenOCpe)1.CTBeHHo Ha )1.HeBHY!O nOBepxHocTb HJ1H npHKpbIT
TOHKHM qeXJ10M B 7-10 At QeTBepTHqHbIX 06pa30BaHHH. B paHoHe rJ1YlllKO-
BliqeH H )1.pyrlix MeCTax Cpe)1.li nopo)1.
YH)1.aMeHTa BCTpe4a!OTcH B OCHOB-
HOM rpaHHTbI, pe)1.Ko KBaplJ,eBbIe )1.HOpHTbl H 3nHJ!.oT-aM
H60J10BbIe rHeHcbI.


y C./108UP 3a./leZaHUJl., cmpamuzpaifJUJl. U ./lumo./lOZUJl. nopoo
OCaaOQHOZO QeX./la


Ha BblBeTpeJ1blX nopo)):ax KpHCTaJ1J1HtJecKoro
YH)1.al\!eHTa HeCOrJI3CHO
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3HaQHTeJIbHO MeHbliIeH nJIOIlI,aj1,lI, 4eM MIiBeTCKlie. Bblj1,eJIHIOTCH OHIi B ce-
BepO-BOCTOqHOH II IOrO-BOCTOqHOH qaCT5IX pecrry6JIIIKII.
B CoCTaBe HlIMHeH qaCTIi <ppaHCKoro Hpyca Bblj1,eJI5IeTCH: TepplIreHHaH
TOJIIlI,a, npej1,CTaBJIeHHaH MeJ1K03epHlICTbIMH neCqaHliKaMlI H rreCKaMlI, aJIeB--
po.rIlITaMII, C rrpOCJIOHMII rJIIiH II j1,OJIOMIiTOBbIX MepreJIeH MOIlI,HOCTbIO 01'
20-40 j1,0 100-150 M (HIIMHeIlI,lIrpOBCKIiH roplI30HT (D 3 scz); TOJIIlI,a j1,0-
JIOMIiTOB II j1,OJIOMIITII3IIpoBaHHblx 1I3BeC'IHHKOB C TOHKIIMlI npOCJIOHKaMH
aHrlIj1,plITa II rlIrrca MOIlI,HOCTbIO B cpej1,HeM 30 M (BepXHeIlI,lIrpOBCKIiH ro-
pH30HT (D 3 sC2); rraqKa CBeTJIO-Cepblx II 6eJlblx, KperrKlIx, MeJIKOKpIiCTaJIJIlI-




fEOJIOfHqECKHE <!>AKTOPb!


33


1.JeCKHX H3BeCTH5!KOB Cpe,IJ,HeH MOlll.HOCTblO 25-30 At [ceMI-wYKcKHH (D;>sm)
11 I1eTHHCKHH ropH30HTbI (D 3 pt) J.
BepxHe
p3HcKHe OTJIOMeHH5! B 11pHIIHTCKOH BII3,IJ,HHe npe,IJ,CT3BJIeHbI
B HHMHeH q3CTH rJIHHHCTbIMH H3BeCTHHK3MH, MepreJ15!MH H rJIHH3MH C 4J3Y-
HOH MOlll.HOCTblO 01' 20 ,IJ,O 240 At r[BopoHeMcKHH (D;>vr) H eBJ13HOBCKHH. ro-
pH30HTbI (D3ev)J H B BepxHeH IIpeHMYlll.eCTBeHHo K3MeHHOH. COJ1blO C IIpO-
CJI05!MH 3HrH,IJ,pHTOB H rJIHH {eBJI3HOBCKHH H J1HBeHCKHH. (D;>lv) ropH30HTbI]
MOlll.HOCTblO 01' 20 J1,0 1000 At H 60JIee (foJIy6u,OB, 1961).
OTJ10MeHH5!
3MeHcKoro HPYC3 BepxHero ,IJ,eBOH3 H3BeCTHb! TOJIbKO
B 11pHII5!TCKOH BII3 J1,1-IHe. B HX COCT3Be BbI,IJ,eJ1HlOTCH 33,IJ,OHCKO-eJIeu,KHe
(D 3 zd-el) H ,IJ,3HKOBO-J1e6e,IJ,HHCKHe (D;>dn-lb) CJIOH. 110 JIHTOJIonlqeCKHM
OC06eHHOCTHM B CeBepO-33II3,IJ,HOH. Q3CTH Brr3J1,HHbI 4J3MeHcKHe OTJIOMeHHH
nOJ1,p33J1,eJ1HIOTCH H3 K3p60H3THO-CYJIb4J3THb!H. rrOJ1,COJIeBOH: KOMnJIeKC, CO-
JIeHOCHYlO H H3J1,C0J1eBYIO TOJIlll.H, 3 B IOrO-BOCTOqHOH q3CTH MeMCOJIeBYIO,
BepXHlOlO COJIeHOCHYIO H H3,IJ,COJIeBYIO TOJIlll.H.
110J1,COJIeBble OTJIOMeHHH CeBepO-33rra,IJ,HOH. q3CTH BIIaJ1,HHbI CJIOMeHb(
CepbIMH KpeIIKHMH MeJIKOKpHCT3JIJIHQeCKHMH H3BeCTHHKaMH MOill.HOCTbIO J1,0
130 At, J1,0J10MHTaMH H ,IJ,OJIOMHTOBb!MH H3BeCTHHK3MH, C npOCJI05!MH 3HrH-
,IJ,PHT3, MepreJIeH. H K3MeHHOH. COJIH, MOill.HOCTbIO 100-200 At. MeMCOJ1eBble
(33JI:OHCKO-eJIeu,KHe) OTJIOJKeHHH BOCTOQHOH: Q3C.TH DpHrrHTCKOH: BrraJ1,IfHbI,
MOlll.HOCTb KOTOPb!X B OTJ1,eJIbHb!X p3HOH3X npeBbIlil3eT 500 At, CJIOMeHbI ce-
pbIMH IIJIOTHbIMH TOHKOCJIOHCTb!MH H3BeCTHHK3MH, C npOCJIOHMH r JIHH H J1,0-
JIOMHTOB. COJIeHOCH3H TOJIill.3 4J3MeHcKoro B03p3CT3 (eJIeIl,KHe H J1,aHKOBO-
lle6e,IJ,HHCKHe CJIOH) B 11pHrrHTcKoH: Bn3,IJ,HHe npe,IJ,cT3BJIeHa Q3CTbIM Qepe-
J1,OB3HHeM rrpOCJIOeB K3MeHHoH COJIH H rJIHHbI, peMe MepreJIerr, H3BeCTHH-
KOB, J1,OJIOMHTOB H rreCQ3HHKOB. 11pe06JIaJ1,aIOT B p33pe3e npOCJIOIf cOJ1eH..
B ceBepO-3aII3,IJ,HOH. Q3CTH 11pHrrHTcKorr BnaJ1,HHbI (p3H.OH CT3p06HH3) B co-
JIeHOCHOH. TOJIill.e BbIHBJIeHbI MOill.HbIe ropH30HTbI K8JIHrrHbIX COJ1eH. Moill.-
HOCTb BepXHeH. COJIeHOCHOrr TOJIill.H COCT3BJIHeT B ceBepo-3anaJ1,HOH. QaCTH
250-560 At, B IOrO-BOCTOQHOH. 150-1900 .M. H3J1,COJIeBaH rJI'IfHHCTo-Mepre-
JIHCT8H TOJ1ill.a npeJ1,CTaBJIeH3 Qepe,IJ,OB3HHeM npOCJIOeB rJIHH, MepreJIeH, ,IJ,O-
JIOMHTOB, 3HrHJ1,pHTOB, rHnCOB If neCQ3HHKOB. 06IILa5! MOlll.HOCTb ee )J,OCTH-
r3eT 830 At.
KaMeHHoyrOJIbHbIe OTJIOJKeHHH p33BIfTbI TOJIbKO B IOro-BOCTOQHOH Q3-
CTH 11pHrrHTcKoH Bna,IJ,HHbI, rJ1,e OHH H3YQeHbI no 60JIblilOMY KO.JJHQeCTBY
CKB3MHH. 38JIer3IOT OHH Q3IILe Bcero Ha BepXHe,IJ,eBOHCKHX OTJIOJKeHHHX 11
rrepeKpbIBaIOTCH nepMcKHMH H Me30-K3HH030HCI\HMH OC3,IJ,KaMH.
11peJ1,CT3BJIeHbI OT.lIOJKeHH5! K3p60H3 B OCHOBHOM neCTpOIl,BeTHbIMH rJIH-
H3MIf, MepreJIHMH C rrpOC.lIOHMH H3BeCTHHKOB, neCQ3HHKOB, 3JIeBpOJIHTOB M
6YPbIX ymeH. MOill.HOCTb KaMeHHoyrO.lIbHbIX OTJIOMeHHH H3MeHHeTCH B lill1-
pOKHX npeJ1,eJIax - OT 20-100 At H3 CBO,IJ,OBbIX Q3CT5!X COJI5!HbIX CTPYKTYP
,IJ,O 300-1000 At B norpYMeHHbIx MeMcTpYKTypHbIX YQ3CTK3X.
B COCTaBe KaMeHHoyrOJIbHbIX OTJIOMeHHH 11pHnHTcKoH. Bn3J1,HH.bI no

3 YHe H cnopoBo- n bIJIbIl,eBbIM KOMI1JIeKCa M BbIJ1,eJIeHbI TypHeilcKHH.( C It) ,
BH3elfCKHH. (C!v) H H3MIOPCKHH (Cln) HPYCbI HHMHero OT)J,e.13, 63111KHp-
CKHH (C 2 b) H MOCKOBCKHH (C 2 m) 5!PYCbI CpeJ1,HerO OT,IJ,eJI3 (foJIy6u,OB,
1959,1961).
11epMcKHe OTJIOJKeHl1H B 11pBnHTCKOH. Bn3,IJ,HHe HMeIOT no cp3BHeHHIO
C K3p60HOBbIMH 60J1ee orpaHHQeI-IHOe p3cnpoCTp3HeHHe. y!3BecTHbI OHM
T3KMe B 33n3,IJ,HOH Q3CTH BpeCTCKOH BI13)J,HHbI. B npe,IJ,eJI3X 11pHnHTCKOH.
Bna,IJ,HHbI 06llJ,35! MOlll.HOCTb nepMCKl1X OTJIOMeHHH )J,OCTHraeT 60JIee 500 At
(B Il,eHTp3JIbHOH 'l3CTH). Ilpe,IJ,CT3BJIeHbI OHH 3,IJ,eCb C3KM3pCKHM (Pjs), 3P-
THHCKl1M (P I 3) HPYC3MH HMJKHero OT,IJ,eJI3 H T3T3pCKHM HPYCOM BepxHero
OT)J,e.lIa (P 2 t). BBpecTcKoH BI1a,IJ,HHe p33BHTbI TOJIbKO OTJI0Me!!ZH K33aH-
CKoro HPYC3 BepxHero OT,IJ,eJI3 (P 2 kz), MOllJ,HOCTb HX COCT3BJIHeT Bcero 18 At
(foJIy6u,OB,1961).
3 3aK. 04368




34 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPI1lI. 4>AI(TOPbI, OnPE,a:. PAcnp. Ii 4>OPMIiP. nO,a:3. BO.lt


B fIpHII5ITCKOH BnaJume nepMCKHe OTJIO)KeHHH CJIO)KeHbI IleCTpOIl,BeT-
HbIMIf rJIHHaMH C rrpOCJIOHMH rreCqaHHKOB, a/1eBpOJIIfTOB, KBapIl,eBbIMH DeC-'
tIaHIfKaMH, rreCKaMH, a B BpeCTCKOH Brra}1.HHe - )J,O.1JOMHTaMH H )J,OJIOMHTO-
BbIMH H3BeCTHHKaMH.
TpHaCOBbIe OTJIO)KeHIf5I Ha TeppHTopHIf BeJIOPYCCHH pa3BHTbI Ha orpa-
HIfqeHHbIX DJIOllJ,a}1.HX B BOCTOqHOH qaCTH fIpHrrHTCKOH Brra}1.HHbI H 3ana)J,Hoii
qaCTIf BpeCTCKOH Brra)J,HHbI. fIpe)J,CTaBJIeHbI OHH rreCTpOIl,BeTHbIMH rJIHHaMH,
rreCqaHHKaMIf H rreCKaMIf, nepeCJIaIfBaIOllJ,HMHCH Me)K,a:y C060H. B fIpHrrHT-
CKOH Brra)J,IfHe MOllJ,HOCTb TpHaCOBbIX OTJIO)KeHHH )J,OCTHraeT 300-450 M,
B BpecTcKoH - He npeBbIwaeT 40 M.
IOpcKHe OTJIO)KeHIfH pacrrpocTpaHeHbI B IOro-BOCTOqHOH H IOro-3arra)J,-
HOH qaCTHX BeJIOPyccHH. fIpe,a:cTaBJIeHbI OHH cpe)J,HHM H BepXHHM OT)J,e-
JIaMIf. B COCTaBe IOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH BeJIOPyccHlI Ha OCHOBaHHH
aYHbI
<popaMHHH
ep, cnopoBbIX KOMrrJIeKCOB H JIHTOJIOmqeCKorO xapaKTepa rropo,a:
BbI,a:eJIeHbI 6aHoccKHH (J 2 bj) H 6aTcKIfH HPYCbI (J2bt) cpe,a:HeH IOpbI, KeJI-
JIOBeHCKHH (J 3 cl) H OKC
Op)J,CKHH (J 3 0x) HPYCbI BepxHeH IOpbI (MHTHHHHa,
1959, 1963).
OTJIO)KeHIfH cpe)J,HeH IOpbI npe)J,CTaBJIeHbI neCKaMH C faJIbKOH, cepbIMIf
If qepHbIMIf yrJIHCTbIMH rJIHHaMIf If rreCKaMH C paCTlneJIbHbIMH OCTaTKaMH,
aJIeBpOJIHTaMH, TOHKOCJIOHCTbIMIf rJIHHaMH H aJIeBpOJIHTaMH. MOllJ,HOCTb HX
COCTaBJIHeT 27-34 M B BpecTcKoH Brra,a:HHe H 9-45 In B fIpHDHTCKOH Bna-
)J,HHe.
BepxHeIOpcKHe OTJIO)KeHHH CJIO)KeHbI cepbIMH H qepHbIMH rJIHHaMH,
aJIeBpOJIHTaMH, H3BeCTKOBHCTbIMH rJIHHaMH, MepreJIHMH, oKpeMHeJIbIMH H3-
BeCTHHKaMH C rrpOCJIOHMH rreCqaHIfKOB H MepreJIeH. I1x MOllJ,HOCTb KOJIe6-
JIeTCH B 3arra)J,HoH qaCTH TeppIfTopHH OT 7-11 )J,O 90 M H Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe
OT 3-8 )J,O 117 M.
OTJIO)KeHHH MeJIOBOrO B03pacTa HMeIOT rrOqTH nOBceMeCTHoe pacrrpocT-'
paHeHHe Ha 60JIbWeH IO)KHOH qaCTH BeJIOpyccHH. CeBepHaH rpaHHIl,a coBpe-
MeHHoro pacrrpocTpaHeHHH MeJIOBbIX oT/10)KeHHH rrpOXO)J,HT IO)KHee MOJIo-
)J,eqHO, ceBepHee MHHcKa H OCHnOBHqeH, BOCTOqHee Bepe3HHo H IO)KHee-
KOXOHOBO. OHH OTCYTCTBYIOT TaK)Ke Ha He60JIbWHX rrJIOllJ,a,a:HX B060BHHH-
CKoro H MHKaWeBHqCKo-/KHTKOBHqCKOrO BbIcTyrroB
YH)J,aMeHTa H Ha yqa-
CTKe OCHrrOBHqH - J1.aparaHoBo - CTapbIe J1.opom.
MeJIOBbIe OTJIO)KeHHH B rrpe)J,eJIax BeJIOpyccHH TpaHcrpeccHBHo 3a.Tle-
raIOT Ha KeM6pHHcKIfX, }1.eBOHCKHX, IOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHIfHX H B OT,a:eJIbHbIX
CJIyqaHX Ha nop0)J,ax
YH)J,aMeHTa.
B ceBepHoH tIaCTH CBoero pa3BHTHH OHH nOKpblBaIOTcH qeTBepTHqHbIMIf,
B lO)KHOH - naJIeOreHOBbIMH H HeoreHOBblMH OTJIO)KeHHHMH. Ha )J,HeBHYlO
nOBepxHocTb MeJIOBbIe OTJIO)KeHHH BbIXO,a:5IT JIHWb Ha He60J1bwHX yqaCTKaX
B BOCTOqHOH qaCTH TeppHTopHH.
B COCTaBe MeJIOBOH CHCTeMbI Ha TeppHTopHH pecrry6JIHKH BbI}1.eJIHIOTCH
HH)KHHH (Cr r ) H BepxHHH (Cr2) OT)J,eJIbI.
OTJIO)KeHHH HH)KHerO MeJIa, OTHOCHMbIe K HeOKOM - arrTY (Crlrrc-ap)-
pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI B IOro-BOCTOqHOH qaCTH TeppHTopHH. fIpe)J,CTaBJIeHbI OHH
rreCqaHO-rJIHHHCTbIMH OTJIO)KeHHHMH MOllJ,HOCTbIO )J,O 70 M H 60JIee (AKH-
MeIl" 1961). B COCTaBe BepXHeMeJIOBblX OTJIO)KeHHH cpaYHHCTHqeCKH }1.0Ka--
3aHO HaJIHqHe ceHOMaHCKoro (Cr2cm), TypOHCKOI'O (Cr2t), KOHbHKCKoro'
(Cr2cn), caHToHcKOro (Cr2st), KaMrraHCKoro (Cr2cP) H MaaCTpHxTcKoro.
(Cr2m) HPYCOB (AKHMeIl" 1959). OTJIO)KeHHH Bcex rrepeqHCJIeHHbIX HPYCOB
BCTpeqeHbI JIHWb B BOCTOqHOH qaCTH fIpHnHTcKoH Brra)J,HHbl H 3ana)J,HoH qa-
CTIf BeJIOPyccKoro MaCCHBa (p-H rpO}1.HO). Ha BceH OCTaJIbHOH IlJIOllJ,a,a:If
pa3pe3 BepXHero MeJIa HerrOJIHbIH. fIpe)J,CTaBJIeHbI OTJIO)KeHHH BepXHero
MeJIa 13 OCHOBaHHH KBapIl,eBO-rJIaYKOHHTOBbIMH rreCKaMH, a B BepXHeH OOJ1b-
weH CBoeH qaCTH - MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIMH rropo,a:aMH. MOllJ,HOCTb H IlJIO-
llJ,a)J,H pacnpOCTpaHeHHH OT,a:eJIbHbIX HPYCOB pa3JIHqHbI. 06bIqHO qeM MO-




rEOnOrHQECKHE
AKTOPW


35


JIO)Ke 5IPYC, TeM MeHbUle rrJIOllI.a,a,b ero pacrrpOCTpaHeHII5I. HalI60JIbUlliC
MOllI.HOCTIi Ha6mo,a,alOTC5I Ha lOrO-BOCTOKe, lOrO-3arra,a,e H 3ana,a,e TepplITO-
plili. 06llI.a5I MOllI.HOCTb BepXHeMeJIOBbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 4 KM
B ceBepHoH qaCTIi (CMIIJIOBHqlI) ,a,o 263 M B lOro-BOCTOqHOH (B6JI1I31I fo-
MeJI5I) .
naJIeOreHOBbIe (Pg), a TaK)Ke naJIeOreH-HeoreHOBbIe (Pg + N) OTJIO-
)KeHII5I UllipOKO pacnpoCTpaHeHbI B lO)KHOH qaCTIi BeJIOPycclili. Ha OCHOBa-
Hlili aHaJIlI3a crropoBO-rrbIJIbIl,eBbiX KOMrrJIeKCOB, OTqaCTIi <PaYHbI cpopaMII-
HIIq>ep II JIIiTOJIOr!1qeCKHX oco6eHHocTeH B HX COCTaBe Bbl,a,eJIeHbI 6yqaKCKlie
(cpe,a,HHH 30Il,eH, Pg 2 b), KlIeBCKlie (BepxHIIH 30Il,eH, Pg 2 k) , xapbKoBcKlie
(HII)KHHH OJIHrOIl,eH', Pglhr) CJI'OIi II rrOJITaBCKa5I CeplI5I (BepxHHH OJIlIrO-
Il,eH-rrJIIIOIl,eH, Pg + Npl) (MaHbIKIIH, 1959, 1962).
5yqaKCKHe OTJIO)KeHII5! pa3BlITbi Ha He60JIbUlHX H30J1HpoBaHHbIx rrJIO-
llI.a,a,5IX B rrOHII)KeHII5IX ,a,orraJIeOreHOBoro peJIbeq>a B lOrO-BOCTOqHOH qaCTIi
TeppliToplili. CJIO)KeHbI OHIi 3eJIeHOBaTo-cepbIMIi pa3Ho3epHlIcTbIMli KBapIl,e-
BbIMIi rreCKaMIi C npliMeCblO rJIaYKoHHTa, C TOHKIIMH npOCJ105IMH neC'IaHHK3.
KlIeBcKlie OTJIO)KeHII5I nOJIb3ylOTC5I cpe,a,H rraJIeOreHOBbIX OTJIO)KeIlHII
HalI60JIee UllipOKIiM pacrrpocTpaHeHlIeM. npe,a,cTaBJIeHbI OHIi KBapIl,eBO-
rJIaYKoHIiTOBb!MII MeJIK03epHlIcTbIMli rreCKaMII, aJIeBpliTaMII, MeCTaMIi
rJIIiHaMII, MepreJI5IMIi. XapbKoBcKHe CJIOII, pa3BlITbIe Ha lOre Be.TI0PyccHII,
rrOBceMeCTHO rrpe,a,cTaBJIeHbI MeJIK03epHlIcTbIMII, rJIIIHIICTbIMII, KBapIl,eBO-
rJIaYKoHIiTOBbIMIi rreCKaMIi.
OTJIO)KeHH5I rrOJITaBCKOH ceplIH, npe,a,cTaBJIeHHb!e KOHTHHeHTaJ1bHb!MH
06pa30BaHII5IMH, pacrrpocTpaHeHb! B lO)KHOH qaCTIi TeppHTopHIi Ha OT,a,eJIb-
HbIX 1I30JIlipOBaHHbIx II cpaBHIITeJIbHQ He60JIbUlliX rrJIOllI.a,a,5Ix. CJIO)KeHbI OHIi
cpe,a,He3epHIICTbIMH KBapIl,eBbIMH rreCKaMH C paCTIITeJIbHbIMH OCTaTKaMIi II
rJIIiHaMH.
CYMMapHa5I MOllI.HOCTb 6yqaKCKHX, KlIeBCKHX II xapbKoBcKIiX OTJIO)Ke-
HIiH 1I3MeH5IeTC5I B UllipOKIiX rrpe,a,eJIax - OT 4-8 ,a,o 140 At. MOllI.HOCTb
rrOJITaBCKOH ceplili KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 2-6 ,a,o 65 M.
OTJIO)KeHII5I qeTBepTlIqHOH CIiCTeMbI B reOJIOrlIqeCKOM cTpoeHlI1i 1ep-
pliTOpli1i BeJIOPycc1i1i IIrpalOT 60JIbUlYlO pOJIb. nOJIb3Y5ICb rrOBceMeCTHbIM
pacrrpocTpaHeHlIeM, OHH crrJIOUlHbIM qeXJIOM rrepeKpbIBalOT OTJIO)KeHII5I ,a,PY-
rliX CIiCTeM. MOllI.HOCTb IIX, paBHa5I B cpe,a,HeM 80 M, KOJIe6JIeTC5I B ,a,o-
BOJIbHO UllipOKIiX rrpe,a,eJIax - OT HeCKOJIbKIIX MeTpoB ,a,o 300 M, COCTaBJI5I5I
Ha nplIrro,a,H5ITbIX yqaCTKaX 5eJIOpyccKoro MaCCHBa He MeHee TpeTIi HJIIi
,a,a)Ke nOJIOBIIHbI CYMMapHOII MOllI.HOCTIi oca,a,OqHOrO rrOKpOBa.
HalIMeHbUlYlO MOllI.HOCTb (20-50 M, MeCTaMIi 5-10 M) qeTBepTlIqHbIe
OTJIO)KeHII5I IIMelOT B BOCTOqHOII (K BOCTOKy OT J1.PYTII II J1.Henpa) II KpaH-
Hell ceBepHOII qaCT5!X BeJIOpYCCIIH, a TaK)Ke B nOJIeCbe, r,a,e nOBepXHOCTb-
KopeHHbIX rropo,a, pacrrOJIO)KeHa Ha BbiCOTax 80-160 M Ha,a, ypoBHeM MOp5!.
B Il,eHTpaJIbHbIX, 3arra,a,HbIX II ceBepo-3arra,a,HbIx paHoHax pecrry6JIHKII, rrplI-
ypOqeHHbIX K 06UllipHOir ,a,OqeTBepTlIqHOH ,a,errpecclili C a6c. OTMeTKaMIi Me-
Hee 50-80 M, MOllI.HOCTb qeTBepTHqHOH TOJIllI.1I rrpeBbIUlaeT 80-100 M.
B rrorpe6eHHbIx rr03,a,HerrJIII0Il,eHOBbIX - paHHeqeTBepTHqHbIX ,a,OJIHHaX, KO-
topb!e Bpe3aHbI B K'OpeHHbIe rropo,a,b! ,a,o a6c. oTMeTOK MHHYC 100-130 M,
II Ha p5I,a,e B03BbIUleHHocTell BeJIOpyccKOH rp5I,a,bI (MHHCKOII, OUlM5IHCKOH,
HOBcrpy,a,cKoH II ,a,p.) OHa ,a,ocTHraeT 200--300 M. .
LJ:eTBepTlIqHbIe OTJIO)KeHII5I BeJIOpyccli1i oT JIlIqalOTC5I HCKJIlOqHTeJIbHOH
CJIO)KHOCTblO cTpOeHII5I, rrecTpOToH II pa3Ho06pa3lIeM JIIiTOJIorlIqeCKOrO II
cpaIl,lIaJIbHOrO COCTaBa BCJIe,a,CTBlie pe3KoH II qaCTOH CMeHbI YCJIOBIiH IIX 06-
pa30BaHH5I BO BpeMeHII II rrpocTpaHcTBe. CJIO)KeHb! OHII, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M,
JIe,a,HIIKOBbIMII, Bo,a,HOJIe,a,HIIKOBbIMIi II peqHbIMH oca,a,KaMIi (MopeHHbIMIi cy-
rJ1HHKaMH H cyrreC5IMH, <pJ1lOBIIOrJ15II.J,HaJ1bHbIMH II aJ1J1IOBlIaJ1bHb!MH neCKaMIi.
JIIIMHOrJI5!Il,lIaJIbHbIMIi aJIeBpOJIHTaMII, cyrJIIIHKaMH II rJIIIHai\1H). MeHbUlee
3HaqeHlIe cpe,a,H reHeTlIqeCKHX TlirroB qeTBepTlIqHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH HMelOT 30JIO-
3*'




rH,D,POfE0J10fH4EGI\HE H rI-I,lI,P0J10fH4ECI\HE 4>AI\TOPbI


37


MbITbI. B TaKHX MeCTaX 4eTBepTH4Ha5I TOJ1IlI.a ll,eJ1lIKOM CJ10)KeHa BO,lI,HOJ1e,lI,-
HHKOBbIMIi H aJ1J1lOBHaJIbHbIMIi OCa,lI,KaMII, KOTOpbIe 06pa3ylbT e)J,HHbIH KOM-
IIJIeKC.
no HMelOIlI.IIMC5I B HaCT05IIlI.ee BpeM5I ,lI,aHHbIM, Ha TeppliTopliH 5eJl0-
PYCCIIH pa3BHTbI 6epe3IIHCKHe, ,lI,HerrpOBCKIIe, MOCKOBCKlie II BaJI,lI,aHCKHe JIe,lI,-
HHKOBbIe, JIHXBHHCKHe, O,lI,HHll,OBCKlie H MypaBHHcKHe Me)KJIe,lI,HHKOBbIe, a
TaK)Ke rOJIOll,eHOBWe (COBpeMeHHwe) 06pa30BaHII5I. CorrOCTaBJIeHHe CBO,lI,-
HbIX JIereH,lI, reOJIOrH4eCKliX KapT 4eTBepTII4HbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH 5eJIOpYCCHII,
IJ,eHTpaJIbHbIX paHOHOB H TeppliTopliH YKpaHHbI rrpIIBe,lI,eHO B Ta6JI. 1.


fH.lI.POfEOJlOrHqECKHE H fH.lI.POJIOfHqECKHE cl>AKTOPbl


B COOTBeTCTBHII C HMelOIlI.HMIIC5I ,lI,aHHbIMH 0 reOJIOrH4eCKOM CTpoeHHH,
CTpaTHrpaqmH H JIIiTOJIOrliH rropo,lI, Ha TeppHTopliH 5CCP BbI,lI,eJIeHbI CJIe-
,lI,YlOIlI.He BO,lI,OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI H KOMrrJIeKCbI, HaWe,lI,WHe OTpa)KeHHe Ha
rrpliJIaraeMbIX K HaCT05IIlI.eMy TOMY rII,lI,pOreOJIOrH4eCKHX KapTax (r. B. 50-
rOMOJIOB, H. M. rpIIrrHHcKHH, M. <1>. .!\03JIOB, r. r. MaJI5Ip, A. 11. CBep-
)KHHCKHH) *.
1. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT cOBpeMeHHbIx aJIJIlOBHaJIbHO-03epHO-60JIOT-
HbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH (aI, I, hQrv).
2. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropII30HT ,lI,peBHeaJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH (aIQrnv).
3. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropII30HT Ha,lI,BaJI,lI,aHCKlix cpJIlOBHOrJI5Ill,lIaJIbHbIX OTJIO-
)KeHHH (f glsQrn v ) .
4. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT BaJI,lI,aHCKHX KOHe4HoMopeHHbIx OTJIO)KeHHH
(gltQrn v ) .
5. Bo,lI,w CrrOpa,lI,II4eCKoro pacrrpOCTpaHeHH5I B OTHOCIITeJIbHO BO,lI,oyrrop-
HbIX BaJI,D,aHCKHX MopeHHbIx OTJIO)KeHH5IX (gIQrnv).
6. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT BaJI,lI,aHCKO-MOCKOBCKIiX Me)K!\lOpeHHbIx CPJIlO-
BHOr.1I5Ill,HaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH (fgIQIII+UV + m).
7. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropII30HT Ha,lI,MOCKOBCKIiX cpJIlOBIIOrJI5Ill,lIaJIbHbIX OTJIO-
)KeHHH (fglsQnm).
8. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropII30HT MOCKOBCKIIX KOHe4HoMopeHHbIx OTJIO)KeHHH
(gltQum) .
9. BO,lI,bI crropa,lI,H4ecKoro pacrrpoCTpaHeHH5I B OTHOCHTeJIbHO BO,lI,oyrrop-
HbIX MOCKOBCKHX MopeHHbIx OTJIO)KeHII5IX (gIQrrm).
10. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT MOCKOBCKO- ,lI,HerrpOBcKIiX Me)KMOpeHHbIx
cpJIlOBHOrJI5Ill,lIaJIbHb!X OTJIO)KeHIIH (fglQnm + dn).
II. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropII30HT Ha,lI,,lI,HerrpOBCKHX cpJIlOBIiOr JI5Ill,lIaJIbHbIX OT-
JIO)KeHHH (f glsQrrdn) .
12. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT ,lI,HerrpOBcKIiX KOHe4HoMopeHHbIx OTJIO)Ke-
HIIH (gltQudn).
13. BO,lI,b! crrOpa,lI,II4eCKOro pacrrpoCTpaHeHH5I B OTHOCHTeJIbHO BO,lI,O-
yrropHbIx ,lI,HerrpOBCKIiX MopeHHbIx OTJIO)KeHH5IX (gIQrrdn).
14. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT ,lI,HerrpOBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX Me)KM'OpeHHbIx
cpJIlOBHOrJI5Ill,lIaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH (fgIQu+Idn + br).
15. BO,lI,bI CrrOpa,lI,H4ecKoro pacrrpOCTpaHeHH5I B OTHOCIITeJlbHO BO,lI,o)'rrop-
HbIX 6epe3HHcKHX MopeHHbIX OTJIO)KeHH5IX (gIQrbr).
16. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT rrO,lI,6epe3IIHcKHX cpJIlOBIiOr JI5Ill,HaJIbHbIX OT-
JIO)KeHlIH (fgliQrbr).
17. HeoreHOBO-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC (N + Pg).
18. CeHoH-TYPOHCKIiH BO,lI,OHOCHb!H ropH30HT (Cr2sn + t).
19. CeHoMaHcKHH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT (Cf2cm).
20. HH)KHeMeJIOBOH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT (CrJ).


* B .3TOH rnaBe .n:aH TOJIbKO rrepetJeHb BO.n:OHOCHbIX ropll30HTOB H Bo.n:oyrropHblx
OTJIO)KeHHH, orrHcaHHe KOTOpbIX npHBo.n:HTC5I B CJIe.n:YIOw.HX rJIaBax.




38 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPH'-I. <l>AI\TOPbI. onPE.a. PAcnp. H <l>OPMHP. no.a3. BO.a


21. BepxHe- H cpe.aHeIOpcKHH BO.aOHOCHbIH KOMilJIeKC (J3+2)'
22. TpHacoBbIH BO.aOHOCHbIH KOMilJIeKC (T).
23. DepMcKHH BO.aOHOCHbIH !WMnJIeKC (P).
24. Cpe.aHe- H HHlKHeKaMeHHoyrOJIbHb!H BO.aOHOCHb!H KOMilJIeKC (C2+i).
25. <PaMeHcKHH BO.aOHOCHbIH KOMilJIeKC (D 3 fm).
26. <PpaHcKHH BO.aOHOCHbIH KOMilJIeKC (D 3 fr).
27. lllBeHToHcKo-TapTycKHH BO)],OHOCHb!H KOMilJIeKC (D3+2SV + t).
28. HapoBcKo-mipHycKHH BO)],OHOCHb!H KOMilJIeKC (D 2 nr + pr).
29. CHJIYPHHCKO-OP)],OBHKCKHH BO)],OHOCHbIH KOMilJIeKC (S + 0).
30. Cpe.aHeKeM6pHHcKHH BO)],OHOCHbIH ropH30HT (Cm2)'
31. Ha.aJIHMHHapHToBbIH BO)],OHOCHbIH ropH30HT (CmIbd.
32. r.aOBCKHH BO.aOHOCHbIH KOMilJIeKC (CmIvd l ).
33. BepxHeilpoTep030HcKHH BO)],OHOCHb!H KOMnJIeKC (Pt 2 bl).
34. DpOTepo30HcKo-apxeHcKHH BO)],OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC (Pt l + A).
B TOJIw,e oca)],O'-lHbIX OTJIOlKeHHH BbI)],eJIHIOTCH CJIe)],YIOw,He Bb!)],eplKaH

Hb!e no npOCTHpaHHIO Bo)],oynopbI, pa3)],eJIHIOw,He BO)],OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI
H KOMnJIeKCbI:
1. Bo)],oyrropHbIe BepXHe- H cpe)],HeIOpCKHe OTJIOlKeHHH (rJIHHbI).
2. Bo)],oyrropHbIe OTJIOlKeHHH 6aJITHHCKOH cepHH HHlKHero KeM6pHH
(<<cHHHe rJIHHbI») (Cm 1 b 2 ).
3. Bo.aoyrropHbIe OTJIOlKeHHH BOJIb!HO-BaJI)],aHcKoH cepHH HHlKHero KeM-
6pH5! (JIHMHHapHToBbIe rJIHHbI) (Cml vd 2 ).


FuiJpozeO.llOZUrtecKue ifJaKmopbJ.


DpHH5ITO C'-IHTaTb, '-ITO BCH HMeIOw,aHCH B npHpo.ae BJIara (B aTMOC-.
q,epe, Ha rrOBepXHOCTH 3eMJIH, rro)], 3eMJIeH) COCTaBJI5IeT BceMHpHYIO CH-
CTeMY KpyroBopoTa BO)],bI.
30HaJIbHbIe 3aKOHOMepHOCTH KpyroBopoTa BO)],b! YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH rro
rH)],paBJIH'-IeCKHM B33HMOCBH3HM BO)], Ha3eMHOH H rrO)],3eMHOH rH.apocq,ep,
rrpHBO)],HW,HX B HTore K reorpaq,H'-IeCKOH 30H3JIbHOCTH XHMUCleCKoro COCTaBa
npHpO)],Hb!X BO)], 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro Ho)],o06MeH3. DepBb!e CBe)],eHHH 0 KPy-
rOBopOTe BO.abI B pe'-lHbIX 63cceHH3X EeJIOpYCCHH, 0 H3rrpaBJIeHHHX :'Horo
ilpOIl,eCC3 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT reOJIOrO-JIHTOJIOrH'-IeCKHX H reOMopcpOJIOrH'-Ie-
CKHX oc06eHHOCTeH 06JIaCTeH rrHTaHHH H CTOKa, OT CTeneHH 3a6oJIo'-leH-
HOCTH 6acceHHOB, OT MHOrOJIeTHHX nepHO)],H'-IeCKHX KOJIe6aHHH aTMocq,ep-
Horo YBJIalKHeHHH H T. .a. 6bIJIH BblCKa3aHbI ew,e B Ha'-l3JIe ,noro BeKa
(E. B. OrrrroKoB H )],p.).
DocJIe)],YIOw,He 60JIee rro)],p06HbIe HCCJIe)],OBaHHH, rrO)],bITOlKeHHb!e B H3-
cToHw,eM TOMe, rr03BOJIHIOT C'-IHT3Tb, '-ITO Ha TeppHTopHH Ee. I IOpYCCHH rrpe-
06JI3.a3IOT YCJIOBHH, Kor)],a 30H3 HHTeHCHBHoro Bo.a006MeH3 COCTOHT H3Tex
BO,a;OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, BO)],b! KOTOPb!X rH)],paBJIH'-IeCKH CBH33HbI MelK)],y
C060H H C ilOBepXHOCTHbIMH BO)],OTOK3MH. D03TOMY H306p3lK3eMble Ha Kap-
Tax rH)],pOH30rHrrCb! H rH)],pOH30nbe3bI no.a3eMHbIX BO.a OTp3lK3IOT OCHOB-
Hble reOMopcpOJIOrH'-IeCKHe H reOCTpYKTypHble oc06eHHOCTH Bo.aopa3)],eJIb-
HbIX nJIOw,a)],eH H rH)],porp3cpH'-IeCKOH cem.
TeppHTopHH pacrrpOCTp3HeHHH e.aHHOH rH)],p3BJIH'-IeCKOH CHCTeMb! OOk
3eMHbIX BO.a rro.apa3.aeJIHeTCH no X3paKTepy 0.aHH3KOBb!X H3nopOB Ha rH)],-
poreOJIOrH'-IeCKHe 06JI3CTH, .aBHlKeHHe n0.a3eMHbIX BO)], MelK.ay KOTOpbIMH
rrO)],'lHHeHO rocrrO)],CTBYIOw,eMY rrOJIOlKeHHIO 06JIaCTeH nHTaHHH. DpoHcxo-
)],HT 3TO nOTOMY, '-ITO BblCOKoe rHnCOMeTpH'-IeCKOe rrOJIOlKeHHe ypOBHeH '-IeT-
BepTH'-IHbIX BO)], H3 rrJIow,3)],H rrHTaHHH 06ecne'-lHBaeT BbICOKHe OTMeTK

nbe30MeTpOB B HHlKeJIelK3w,HX BO.aOHOCHb!X ropH30HTax (N + Pg, Cr2, J3+2,
D3+2, Cmd.




rH
PorEOnOrHqECKHE
AKTOPM


39


. Ha BeJIOPYCCKOM MaCCHBe H npHJIeralOlI1.HX K HeMY Ce
JIOBHHaX, Ha
KOTOpbIX paCnOJIO)KeHbI 'OCHOBHbIe 06JIaCTlI nHTaHH5I, nmpaBnHqeCKH B3aH-
MOCB5I3aHbI BO):{bI BCeX BO):{OHOCHbIX rOpH30HTOB H KOMnneKCOB. B TO )Ke
BpeM51 Ha nJIOlI1.a
H BIIa):{HH (npHII5ITCKa5I, BpeCTCKa5I, OpIl1aHCKa5I) B BO-
Jl,OHOCHMX KOMIIneKCaX, 3aJIeralOlI1.HX HH)Ke ):{peHHpYlOlI1.erO B03
eHCTBH5I
rH
pOrpa
HqeCKOH CeTH, rH
paBnHqeCKHe CB5I3H OCna6JIeHM, KpyroBopoT
BO
H nOCTeneHHO 3aTyxaeT H IIOqTH npeKpalI1.aeTC5I B 30He BHCOKOMHHepa-
JIH30BaHHbIX BO):{ H paCCOnOB. nHTaHHe 3THX BO
OHOCHbIX KOMIIJIeKCOB (Me-
3030HCKHX H nane030HCKHX) IIpOHCXO):{HT Ha 60pTOBbIX yqaCTKaX BIIa
IlH,
a H3MeHeHHe YCJIOBHH OTTOKa TeCHO CB5I3aHO C norpY)KeHHeM TOnlI1.. no-
3TOMY Ha yqaCTKaX rny60Koro norpY)KeHH5I
peHa)K HOCHT IIaCCHBHbIH xa-
paKTep, 06BO):{HeHHOCTb nopo
, oc06eHHO IIO
 coneHOCHOH TOnlI1.eH (npH-
II5ITCKa5I BIIa
HHa), pe3KO CHH)KaeTC5I H HapYIl1aeTC5I e
HHCTBO HaIIopHOH
CHCTeMbI IIO
3eMHbIX BO):{.
Ha TeppHTopHH BenopYCCHH CYlI1.eCTBYlOT HeO):{HopO):{HbIe YCJIOBH5I
pe-
HHpOBaHH5I peKaMH, 3aKJIlOqalOlI1.HeC5I npe)K):{e Bcero B nHTOJIOrO-
aIJ,Hanb-
HOM pa3Ho06pa3HH OTJIO)KeHHH BepXHHX BO
OHOCHHX KOMIIJIeKCOB H BO):{O-
ynopoB, a TaK)Ke B paCIIpe
eneHHH IIO):{3eMHbIX nOTOKOB, CB5I3aHHHX C HCTO-
pHeH rH
pOrpa
HqeCKOH ceTH.
CeTb
nlOBHor JI5IIJ,HaJIbHbIX H anJIlOBHanbHbIX IIorpe6eHHbIX IIOT01WB
COBIIa):{aeT B OCHOBHbIX qepTaX C COBpeMeHHOll peqHOH ceTblO HnH BbIXO):{HT
K Hell YCTb5IMH IIaJIeO
OnHH CTOKa H HHbIX 06pa30BaHHH. Ha OCHOBe cpaB-
HeHH5I yKnoHoB B annlOBHanbHHX H
nlOBHOrn5IIJ,HanbHHX IIOTOKax H IIO
'ConOCTaBneHHlO rny6HH 3p03HOHHbIX Bpe30B YCTaHOBneHO, qTO 3TH IIOTOKH
He3aBHCHMO OT HX
OpMH H BenHqHHbI TpaHCIIopTHpylOT IIO):{3eMHbIe BO
H
<JT Bo
opa3):{enbHbIX yqaCTKOB K rnaBHbIM ):{peHaM 6accellHOB.
TaK KaK qeTBepTHqHbIe (Me)KMOpeHHbIe) H
OqeTBepTHqHbIe BO):{OHOC-
'HbIe OTnO)KeHH5I (Q, N + Pg, Cr2, J 3 +2, D 3 + 2 , Cml) BCKpHBalOTC5I peqHbIMH
'pycnaMH JIHIl1b Ha He60JIbIl1HX yqaCTKaX H He BO Bcex ):{OJIHHaX, TO
peHa)K

OJIee rJIy60KHX BO
OHOCHHX ropH30H
OB H BOBJIeqeHHe IIO):{3eMHHX BO):{
B HHTeHCHBHHll Bo):{006MeH IIpOHCXO
HT IIO):{ B03
ellCTBHeM rH):{paBJIHqeCKHX
:rpa):{HeHTOB qepe3 OTHOCHTenbHbIe BO
OYIIOPbI IIYTeM pa3rpY3KH HX B aJIJIlO-
BHaJIbHbIe 06pa30BaHH5I Ha He60JIbIl1HX paCCT05IHH5IX OT pyceJI peK. B peKII
BHXO
5IT B OCHOBHOM paccpe
OTOqeHHbIe IIO
3eMHbIe BO
H, Tep5IlOlI1.He IIO

pYCJIaMH peK HanopHbIe CBOHCTBa.
Ha nOBHIl1eHHbIH ):{peHa)K pycnaMH peK BO
OHOCHbIX Kap60HaTHHX
'TOJIlI1. OIIpe):{eJIeHHOe BJIH5IHHe OKa3bIBaeT HHTeHCHBHoe pa3BHTHe KapCTa
B H3BeCTH5IKOBO-
OJIOMHTOBbIX H MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX TOJIlI1.aX B6JIH3H peq-
HblX ):{0.1II-fH (3an. )]:BHHa, )]:HeIIp, CO)K).
rH
paBJIHqeCKHe rpa
HeHThI,
OplYIHpYlOlI1.HeC5I B BO):{OHOCHbIX ropH30H-
Tax 30HbI ):{peHHpOBaHH5I, 5IBJI5IlOTC5I
YHKIJ,HeH IIpeBbIIl1eHH5I ypOBHeH nOk
3eMHbIX BO):{ Ha
 ypOBHeM peK. n03TOMY B 30HY
peHHpOBaHH5I peKaMH
BXO
5IT Te BO):{OHOCHbIe OT JIO)KeHH5I (Cr2, J3+2, D 3 + 2 , Cmj), nHTaHHe KOTO-
pbIX 3a CqeT rJIy60KoH HH
HJIbTpaIJ,HH Ba):{03HbIX BO):{ H3 BbIIl1eJIe)KalI1.HX
OTnO)KeHHH IIpOHCXO
HT Ha O):{HHX H Tex )Ke rrJIOlI1.a):{5IX H B 6JIH3KHe CpOKH,
6JIaro
a p5I qeMY 06eCrreqHBaeTC5I IIOCT05IHHOe CHHxpOHHoe IIpeBbIIlleHHe
YPOBHeH IIO
3eMHbIX BO):{ 3THX ropH30HTOB Ha
 ypOBH5IMH peK.
)]:peHHpYlOlI1.ee B03
eHCTBHe rH
pOrpa
HqeCKOH ceTH Ha Ka)K):{bIH H3
BO):{OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB OCYlI1.eCTBJI5IeTC5I B TaKHX YCJIOBH5IX HJIH HeIIocpe):{-
CTBeHHO, HnH qepe3 CMe)KHbIe BO
OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI. Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH
3a HaqaJIbHHH HaH60JIee 6JIH3KHH OT IIOBepXHOCTH 6a3HC CTOKa IIO
3eMHHX
EO):{ MO)KHO IIpHHHMaTb oTMeTKH 6a3Hca PYCJIOBOH 3p03HH ():{HO pYCJIa), OII-
pe
eJI5IlOlI1.He MaKCHManbHO B03MO)KHOe CHH)KeHHe YPOBHeH IIO
3eMHbIX BO

B 6acceHHe, H COOTBeTCTBYlOlI1.He 3TOMY MaKCHMaJIbHbIe rH
paBJIHqeCKHe
rpa
HeHTbI OT Bo
opa3):{eJIOB K peKaM.




40 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPH'-I. <l>AKTOPbI, OnPE,LL. PAcnp. H <l>OPMHP. nO,LL3. BO}J;


COOTHOIlleHHe YPoBHeH: B 6aCCeH:HaX xapaKTepH3yeTC5I rrpeBbIIlleHHeM
IIoBepxHocTff BO,/1.opa3,/1.eJJOB (Me)K,/1.ypeqffH:) Ha,/1. PYCJJaMff peR. Ha TeppH-
TOpHH BCCP YCTaHOBJJeHO rro KapTe rrpeBbIIlleHHH:, '-ITO HaH60JJee pacrrpo-
cTpaHeHbI npeBbIllIeHH5I 25-50 M (37,6% OT BceH rrJJOlll,a,LLH), oc06eHHo B
BaJJTHHCKOM 6acceHHe (38,1 %). MaKCHMaJJbHbIe rr peBbIIlleHH5I 125-150 M
3aHHMaIOT TOJJbKO 1,0 % (BaJJTHHCKHH 6acceHH 1,6 %, '4epHoMopCKHH 0,6 % ),
MffHHMaJJbHbIX IIpeBblilleHHH: 0-10 .M B EaJJTHH:CKOM 6aCCeH:He IIO'lTH HeT,
B '4epHoMopCKOM OHH paBHbI 13,6% (nOJJeCbe), a rrpeBbIIlleHH5I 10-25 .M-
B BaJJTHH:CKOM 6aCCeH:He COCTaBJJ5IIOT 21,9 %, B '4epHoMopCKOM 33,3 %.
30Ha ,LLpeHHpOBaHH5I peKaMH B rrepBoM rrpH6JJH)KeHHH OrpaHHq
BaeTCH
KaK MHHHMYM rrepBbIM MOlll,HbIM, JJHTOJJOrH'-IeCKH BbI,LLep)KaHHbIM BO.'1.c)yrro-
pOM. Ha TeppHTopHH BeJJOPYCCHH pemOHaJJbHbIX BO,LLoyrropOB B 0CHUB3.HHH
30HbI ,LLpeHHpOBaHH5I HeT. OTHOCHTeJJbHble BO,LLoyrropbI, COCT05IllI,He 113 r.ram,
MepreJJbHO-MeJJOBbIX 06pa30BaHHH:, ,LLOJJOMHTOB- (glQ, Cr2+1, J3+2, C2+1, D3+2),
OT,LLeJJ5IIOT qaCTHqHO Me)KMOpeHHbIe BO,LLOH'OCHble ropH30HTbl, ceHOMaHCKHH
ropH30HT BepXHero MeJJa, IOpCKHe H ,LLeBOHCKHe ropH30HTbI.
YCJJOBH5I ,LLpeHHpOBaHHH BepXHHX BO,LLOHOCHbIX KOMrrJJeKCOB peqHoif
ceTbIO B 60JJbIllHHCTBe 6acceHHOB BeJJOpYCCI1H OCJJO)KHeHbl BblCOKOH 3a.oo-
JJO'-IeHHOCTbIO BO,LLoc60pHbIX rrJJOlll,a,LLeH: H pe'-IHbIX ,LLOJJHH, '-ITO 06YCJJOBJ1H-
BaeT qaCTHqHOe ,LLpeHHpOBaHHe BepXHHX BO,LLOHOCHbiX OTJJO)KeHHH: Ha rro,LL-
XO,LLax K PYCJJaM peK.
JI,JJ5I IIO,LL3eMHbIX BO,LL, HaXO,LL5Ill(HXCH B c<pepe HHTeHCHBHoro ,LLpeHHpyIO-
ll(ero BJJH5IHHH m,/1.pOrpa<pHqeCKOH: ceTH, rrpHH5ITO CqHT3Tb, qTO BO,/1.0pa3-
,LLeJJbHble rrJ10lll,a,LLH Me)K,LLY MOpCKHMH H HaH60JJee KpyrrHbIMH pe'-IHblMH 6ac-
ceHHaMH COBrra,LLaIOT C rrJJOlll,a,LL5IMH HH<pHJ1bTpau,H'OHHoro rrHTaHH5I BO,LLOHOC-
HbIX ropH30HTOB, 3a C'-IeT KOTOpbIX <popMHpyeTC5I IIO,LL3eMHOe rrHTaHHE peK.
HCCJJe.ll.OBaHHflMH YCTaHOBJJeHO paCTeKaHHe rrO,LL3eMHbIX BO,LL C 3THX rrJJoIlJ,a-
,LLeH: K rrpHJJeraIOllI,HM pe'-IHblM ,/1.0JJHHaM H TeKTOHHqeCKHM Brra,LLHHaM
(f. B. DOrOMOJJOB, M. <1>. K03JJOB, A. C. Ka6aHoB, A, n. J1aBpoB, H. C. 3eK-
u,ep H ,LLp.). Oc06eHHo MOlll,HblH OTTOK HH<pHJlbTpau,HoHHbIX BO,LL YCTaHOB-
JJeH n'O ,/1.0JJHHaM 3aI1. JI,BHHbl H HeMaHa B DaJJTHHCKOe Mope (B BaJJTHH-
CKYIO TeKTOHHqeCKYIO BI1a,LLHHY) H rro ,LLOJJHHe npHI15ITH K JI,Herrpy (B npH-
rr5ITCKYIO TeKTOHHqeCKYIO Brra,LLHHY). nO,LL3eMHbIH rrOTOK ,LLOJ1HHbI npHI15ITH
COCTOHT H3 CJJHBaIOllI,HXC5I B e,LLHHOe u,eJJoe rrO,LL3eMHbIX BO.ll. KaH:H030H:CKHX,
Me3030H:CKHX H rraJJe030H:CKHX OTJJO)KeHHH.
Ha CKJJOHaX YKpaHHCKoro llI,HTa rrpOHCXO,LLHT TaKoe )Ke paCTeKalme
HH<pHJJbTpau,HOHHbIX BO,LL B peKH IIJJH HerrOCpe,/1.CTBeHHO, HJJH 'lepe3 BbIIlleJJe-
)Kalll,He OTJJO)KeHH5I (Q, N + Pg, Cr2).
Ha BO,LLOpa3,LLeJJbHbIX rrJJOlll,a,LL5IX, rrpHypO'-IeHHblX I( B03BbIIlleHHOCTHM,
pa3,LLeJJ5IIOllI,HX BaJJTHH:CKHH H '4epHoMopCKHH 6acceHHbI, Ha6JJIO,LLaeTC5I XO-
pOIlla5I COrJJaCOBaHHOCTb I1be30MeTpHqeCKHX rrOBepXHOCTeH: Bcex BO,LLOHOC-
HblX ropH30HTOB 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro BO,/1.006MeHa.
Ha rrJ10lll,a,LLH BeJJOPYCCKoro MaCCHBa . (MHHCKa5I, HOBorpY,LLCKa5I H ,LLPY-
me B03BbIIlleHHOCTI1) Cpe,LLHHe a6COJJIOTHbIe OTMeTKH YPOBHeH rrO.ll.3eMHbIX
BO,LL qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJJO)KeHHH COCTaBJJ5IIOT ,LLO 200 H >240 M, BepXHeMeJJO-
BbIX > 180 H >200 M, Cpe,LLHe,LLeBOHCKHX >200 H >240 ,11, KeM6pHHcKHX
>200 .M, BepxHenpoTep030HCI(HX ,/1.0 200 .M, apXeHCI(HX (I(pHCTaJJJJH'leCKOrO
<PYH,LLaMeHTa) >200 M.
Ha rrJJOlll,a.ll.H J1aTBHHCKOH: Ce,LLJJOBHHbI ypOBHH rrO,LL3eMHbIX BO,LL '-IeTBep-
THqHbIX BO,LLOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB COCTaBJJ5IIOT 150-175-180 M, BepXHe,LLe-
BOHCKHX 170-175 M, Cpe,LLHe,LLeBOHCKHX ,LLO 177 M.
B ,ltOJJHHaX rJJaBHbIX peI( TaI()Ke YCTaHOBJJeHO C6JJH)KeHHe rrbe30MeT-
pHqeCKHX I10BepXHOCTeH nO,LL3eMHbIX BO,LL, KOTopbIe rrpH YCJJOBHH Harrop-
Horo HX .lI.BH)KeHH5I CHH3Y BBepx rrpeBbIIllaIOT 06bIqHO Me)KeHHbIe ypOBHH
peR. B ,LLOJJHHe npHI15ITH Ha yqaCTKaX, r,LLe Me)KeHHbIe YPOBHH peI( paBHbI
rrpH6JJH3HTeJJbHO 130 M, ypOBHH I10,LL3eMHbIX BO,LL qeTBepTHqHblX ropH30H-




ril1JJ.PorEOJIOrH4ECKHE <l>AKTOPbI


41


TOB COCTaBJI5IIOT 130-140 oM, BepXHe.D.eBOHCKHX 128-139 oM, a rrpH ypOB-
H5IX peK 120 oM ypOBHH rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. Cpe.D.He.D.eBOHCKHX ropH30HTOB
paBHbI OKOJIO 121-124 oM H T. rr. B .D.OJIHHe f1pHrr5ITH Ha Y4acTKax, r.D.e
YPOBHH peKH paBHbI 120-130 oM, ypOBHH rrO.l1..3eMHbIX BO.D. 4eTBepTH4HbIX
H HeoreHOBO-rraJIeOreHOBblX BO.D.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB paBHbI rrpH6JIH3H-
TeJIbHO 140 oM, a rrpH ypOBH5IX peK 130 oM ypOBHH B KeM6pHHcKHX H rrpoTe-
p030IfcKHx ropH30HTax .D.OCTHraIOT 124-141 oM, apxeifcKHx-133 oM. B .D.O-
JIHHe LLHerrpa rrpaKTH4ecKH COBrra.D.aIOT HarropHble ypOBHH 4eTBepTH4HbIX,
HeoreHOBO-rraJIeOreHOBbIX, BepXHeMeJIOBbIX, IOpCKHX, BepxHe- H cpe.D.He.D.e-
BOHCKHX BO.n:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB. B .D.OJIHHe HeM aHa 6JIH3KO COBrra.D.aIOT
rrbe30MeTpbI BepXHeMeJIOBbIX H IOpCKHX ropH30HTOB H T. rr.
Oxap aKTepH30BaHHble 06
He yCJIOBH5I rrHTaHH5I H .D.peHa)!{a rrO.D.3eM-
HbIX BO.D. BepXHeH 30HbI rrO.D.TBep)!{.D.aIOTC5I .D.aHHbIMH Hcrt5JIIO.D.eHHH 3a pe)!{H-
MOM rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. *. f1pe06JIa.D.aIOT CHHXpOHHOCTb ce30HHoro H MHoro-
JIeTHerO xo.n:a ypOBHeif rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. 4eTBepTH4HbIX, rraJIeOreHOBbIX,
BepXHeMeJIOBbIX BO.D.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB B .D.OJIHHaX f1pHrr5ITH, TypbH,
5IceJIb.D.bI, fOpblHH H .D.PyrHx peK. 3TO BH.D.HO H3 TaKHX 06'beKTHBHbIX 30-
HaJIbHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK, KaK CKOpOCTH H BbICOTa rrO.D.'beMOB ypOBH5I, CKO-
pOCTb pacrrpOCTpaHeHH5I BOJIHbI rraBO.D.Ka, rO.D.OBbie H MHOrOJIeTHHe KOJIe6a-
HH5I ypOBH5I. D:JI5I rrpHMepa MO)!{HO rrpHBeCTH COBMe
eHHbIe Cpe.D.HeMHOro-
JIeTHHe aMrrJIHTY.D.bI rO.D.0BbIX KOJIe6aHHH ypOBH5I: rro .D.OJIHHe f1pHrr5ITH-
rrOCT PaTHO - BO.D.bI Me)!{MOpeHHbIX H rraJIeOreHOBbIX ropH30HTOB 1,57-
1,58 oM; rro .D.OJIHHe TYPbH - rrOCT KOBeJIb - BO.D.bI Me)!{MOpeHHblx H BepxHe-
MeJIOBbIX ropH30HTOB 0,80-0,86 oM; rro .D.OJIHHe fOpblHH - rrOCT CTOJIHH-
BO.D.bI Me)!{MOpeHHblx H rraJIeOreHOBbIX ropH30HTOB 1,86-1,99 oM H T. rr.
BMecTe C TeM aHaJIH3 YKJIOHOB rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. K pe4HbIM PYCJIaM rro-
Ka3bIBaeT, 4TO .D.peHa)!{ 3aMeTHO H3MeH5IeTC5I B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TaKHX cpaK-
TOpOB, KaK rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. HH)!{e PycJIa peKH, pac-
CT05IHHe OT PYCJIa H ce30HbI rO.D.a. B HeKOTopbIX .D.OJIHHaX (peKH fOPblHb,
5IceJIb.D.a H .D.p.) YCTaHOBJIeHbI 06paTHble YKJIOHbI B Me)!{MOpeHHbIX H rra-
JIeOreHOBbiX ropH30HTax OT ropH30HTOB rpYHTOBbiX BO.D. rrOCJIe rrOJIOBO.D.b5I.
HHcpHJIbTpa
HOHHoe rrHTaHHe 3THX ropH30HTOB rrpOHCXO.D.HT B 3TO BpeM5I
rO.D.a 4epe3 BbIllleJIe)!{a
He OTJIO)!{eHH5I, a 3aTeM Ha4HHaeTC5I YCHJIeHHbIH
.D.peHa)!{ peKaMH C COOTBeTCTBYIO
HM 3arra3.D.bIBaHHeM cpa3 rro cpaBHeHHIO
C .D.peHa)!{eM aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX rrOTOKOB.
B BO.D.OHOCHbIX KOMrrJIeKCaX, 3aJIeralOliJ,HX HH)!{e .D.peHHpylOIll,erO BJIH5I-
HH5I COBpeMeHHOH H rrorpe6eHHOH pe4HOH ceTH, rrpH YCJIOBHH 60JIblllOrO
rrorpy)!{eHH5I Me3030HCKHX H rraJIe030HCJ<HX 06BO.D.HeHHbIX TOJIIll" rO.D.OBble
H MHOrOJIeTHHe KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I rrpaKTH4eCKH He Ha6JIIO.D.aIOTC5I. Ha Ta-
KHX Y4aCTKax B03paCTaeT pOJIb rrO.D.TOKa HarropHbIX MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIX
BO.D. rro 30HaM TeKTOHH4eCKHX HapyweHHH B BbIWeJIe)!{aIll,He BO.D.OHOCHble
KOMrrJIeKCbI (Q, N + Pg, Cr2, J 3 +2) C 5IBJIeHH5IMH JIOKaJIbHOH a30HaJIbHOCTH
XHMH4eCKoro COCTaBa BO.D. 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro BO.D.006MeHa.
Ha TeppHTopHH DeJIOPYCCHH HaH60JIee 3Ha4HTeJIbHOe pacrrpOCTpaHe-
HHe HMelOT Y4aCTKH rrbe30MeTpH4eCKOH rrOBepXHOCTH BepXHHX HarropHbIX
BO.D.OHOCHbiX KOMrrJIeKCOB (p acrrpe.D.eJIeHHe HX rrOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 8) B rrpe-
).J.eJIax OTMeTOK 140-150 oM (18% BceH TeppHTopHH) H 150-160 oM (17%),
B TO BpeM5I KaK HarropHble YPOBHH >200 oM YCTaHOBJIeHbI Ha He60JIbWOH
BO.D.Opa3.D.eJIbHOH 4aCTH TeppHTopHH (2 %), TaK )!{e KaK OTMeTKH ypOBH5I
< 120 oM, rrpHYP04eHHble K HH3MeHHOCTHM (8 %). HaH60JIbWHe rrJIow.a.D.H
C HarropHbIMH ypOBH5IMH >200 oM rrpHyp04eHbI K rH.D.poreOJIOrH4eCKoMY
paHoHY, r).J.e rro.D. 4eTBepTH4HbIM BO.D.OHOCHbIM KOMrrJIeKCOM 3aJIeralOT Bepx-
HeMeJIOBble BO.D.OHOCHble OT JIO)!{eHH5I.


* ITo JJ.aHHbIM BeJIopyccKoll rHJJ.poreoJIOrHtJecKoH CTaHl\HH JJ.JI5I IO)KHOII qaCTH BCCP.




42 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPHtI. <t>AKTOPbI, OnPE,LL. PAcnp. H <t>OPMHP. nO,LL3. BO,LL


B Ilpe,ll.e.TI8x OCHOBHbIX pelJHbIX 68
ceHHoB T8K)!{e YCT8 H3BJII-fB8 eTCH
3HalJHTeJlbHaH H3MeH'lHBOCTb a6COJlIOTHbIX OTMeTOK Ilbe30MeTpH'-!eCKOH IlO-
BepXHOCTH: B 68cceHHe DpHIlHTH (DOJleCbe) HaH60Jlee BbICOKHe HarropHble
ypOBHU >240 oM rrpuypOtIeHbI K 'l8CTH rrJlOIl(8,LLH, COCT8BJl51IOIl(eH TOJlb
O
<0,2 %; Cpe,ll.HHe ,lI.Jl51 o8ccellHa HarropHble ypOBHH 130-140 oM pacrrpoCT-
paHeHbI H8 26 % IlJlOIl(8,l1.H, 8 MHHHM8J1bHble 110-100 oM Ha rrJlOU{3,l1.H < 1 %.
B 6acceHHe 3arr. JI,BHHbI H8U60JlblliYIO 'laCTb rrJlOIl(3,l1.1i 3aHHMaIOT yqaCTKIi
rrbe30MeTpliQeCKOll rroBepxHocTIi C OTMeTKaMIi 120-130 oM (19%), a MIiHH-
Ma.JIbHble 110-100 Jt-!. TOJlbKO 4 %. B 68cceHHe Bepe3HHbI 3H8lJliTeJlbHYIO
qaCTb rrJlOIl(a,ll.H xapaKTepu3YIOT 60Jlee BblCOKHe OTMeTKH ypOBHH 150-
160 oM (30%), HH3KHe OTMeTKH 3,l1.eCb paBHbl 120-130 oM (6%).


lloi13e.MH.blii em OK 8 peKU
B rrOCJle,LLHlie rO,ll.bI Ha TeppHTopli1i BeJlOpYCCHIi BbIIlOJlHHIOTCH HCCJI€-
,lI.oBaHIHI, pacKpbIBaIOIl(He 3aKoHoMepHocTIi CTOKa rrO,ll.3eMHblx BO,ll. Hero
pOJIb B(j:JOpMllpOB8HHH o6Il(ero pelJHorO CTOKa.
Bn-=pBble oxapaKTepu30B8Hbi OCHOBHble 3aKoHoMepHocTIi rrO,LL3eMHOro
CTOKa 6acceHHa DpHIlHTH, Bepe3HHbI, 3aIl. JI,BIiHbl - OT BaJl,LLaHCKOH B03-
BbIllieH-IOCTH ,LLO B3J1THHCKOro MOpH, o8cceflH8 CBIiCJlOlJll Ii DTHlJH *.
PerHOHaJlbHaH xapaKTeplicTHKa rrO,ll.3eMHOro CTOKa JleB06epe)!{HOH 'la-
CTH oacceHHa JI,Herrpa ,lI.aHa B. l1. KY,lI.eJlHHbIM, a TeppHTopHU JhlTBbl Ii
JIaTBuli 11. C. 3eKlI.epOM,
l1cCJle,ll.OBaHIiH B Dpli6aJlTHKe Ii BeJlOPyccHH (l1. C. 3eKlI.ep, A. D. J18B-
pOB) BXO,ll.HT B COCT8B paOOT, BbIIlOJlHHeMbIX rro EBporreikKOH TeppHTopHIi
CCCP (rro,ll. PYKOBO,ll.CTBOM .6. l1. KY,lI.eJlIiHa).
JI,JlH xapaKTepliCTIiKH YCJlOBHH cpOpMHpOBaHUH rrO,ll.3eMHOro CTOKa BceH
BeJlOPYCCHl-1 HCnOJlb30B3HbI llMeIOIl(HeCH B pa60Tax no CTOKY reOJlorO-rll,ll.-
poreOJlOrHLIeCKHe npo(j:JHJlIi rro ,lI.OJlHHaM peK, rrorrepe4Hbie rrpocpHJlH 'lepe3
BO,LLOCOOpHble rrJlOIl(a,ll.H, K3 pTbl ,lI.peBHHX H COBpeMeHHbIX 3p031i0HHbiX Bpe-
30B peK, rrpeBbIllieHIiH BO,ll.Opa3,LLeJlOB Ha,ll. PYCJlaMIi peK, rIi,ll.POXIiMllqeCKlie
rrpocpHJlIi, THIIOBble cxeMbI ,LLpeHlipOBaHHH IlO,ll.3eMHbIX BO,ll. peK3MIi Ii JJ.PY-
me BCIIOMOraTeJlbHbIe rpacpHI<H H Ta6J1llUbI **.
AHaJIll3 cpIi3HKo-reorpacpli'leCKHX, reOJlOrHqeCKIiX H rli,ll.poreOJlomqe-
CKHX MaTepHa.'IOB n03BOJIHJI YCTaHOBHTb 3aKOHOMepHOCTIi JJ.peHHpOBaHHH
peKaMH BepXHllX BO,ll.OHOCHbIX OTJlO)!{eHHH, OTpa)!{8IOIl(IiX cBoe06pa3He rrpH-
pO,LLHbIX YCJlOBHH pa3J1HtIHblX parrOHOB BeJlOpYCCllH.
DO,ll.3eMHbIM CTOK B peKH paCCMaTpHBaeTCH B rH,lI.poreOJlOrH'leCKOM
8crreKTe, KaK OCHOBHOH cpaKTOp HHTeHCHBHoro BO.Ll;o06MeHa MeiK,lI.Y BbICO-
KHMU BO,ll.opa3,l1.eJlbHbIMH rrJlOIl(a,ll.HMH rrOrJlOllJ,eHIi51 (HHcpHJlbTpall.HH) aTMOC-
cpepHblX OCa,ll.KOB H IIJlOIl(a,ll.HMll ,lI.peHllpOBaHHH BO,ll.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB pe-
KaME. <POpMHPYIOIl(HeCH B pe3YJlbTaTe 3Toro rrpeCHble rrO,LL:$eMHbIe BO,ll.bI
xapaKTepH3YIOT 30HY IIpOMbIBaHH5I aTMoccpepHbIMH ocaJ\KaMIi BepXHIiX reo-
JlOrlil.feCKHX 06pa30BaHHll. OnpeCHeHlle BOJ\ BepXHeH 30HbI 3eMHOM KOpbI
HBJlHeTCH cpYHKlI.HeUliHTeHCllBHoro BOJ\006MeHa.
l1cCJle,ll.OBaHH5I B BeJIOPYCCI-IH H Ha CMe)!{HbIX TeppHTopHHX ,lI.aIOT OCHO-
BaHHe CQHTaTb, 41'0 rrpeCHbIe rrO,ll.3eMHble BO,ll.bl YtIaCTBYIOT B rrHTaHHH peK:
tIaCTH'lHO HenOCpe,ll.CTBeHHO, a 4aCTli4HO rrYTeM IIepeTeKaHIi51 4epe3 Bbillie-
Jle)!{allJ,lle OTJlO)!{eHHH (J1aBpoB, 1961). Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH Cpe,LLHlle MHO-
rOJleTHHe BeJIHtIHHbl rrO,ll.3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH 0603Ha4aIOT CYMM8pHbIe


* HCCJIe,n:oBaHlHI nO}<3er.moro cTOKa 6accei'ma 3an. LJ:BllHbI BbIilOJIHHJ1llCb I1HCTHTY-
TOM reD.'IOrIftJeCKHX HaYK AH BCCP (A. IT. J1aBpoB) COBMeCTHO c MfY (11. C. 3eKQep)
H foc. rH,n:po.IJOrnlJeCKIIM I!HCTI!TYTOM (0. B. DonoB), a 6acceHHa CBI!C;'!O'lI! COBMeCTHO
C BeJ1oPyccKoH flI,n:poreoJIorI!'JecKoii CTaHQlIeii f.IJaBreO.IJOfllll BCCP (A. IT. BaxoBcKm1).
*. BOJ1bIllOe 3HatJeHI!e HMeeT KapTa JI.otJeTBepTI!'1HOH (JI.OaHTp0I10reHoBoH) nOBepx-
HOCTI! BCCP cocraBJIeHHaH M. M. lJ,al1eHKO I! E. IT. MaHJI.ep (1962 r.).




fHAPOfEOJIOfH4ECKHE
AKTOPH


43


€CTeCTBeHHbIe peCYPCbI (B0306HOBJIeHHe) rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. 30HbI HHTeHCHB-
HOrO BO.D.006MeHa. CYMMapHbIe eCTeCTBeHHbIe peCypCbI TeppHTOpHH KalK-
)l,oro pe4HOrO 6accefma HJJH ero 4aCTH rrO.D.pa3.D.eJJ5HOTCH Ha pecypCbI OT-
)l,eJJbHbIX BO.D.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB H KOMrrJJeKCOB.
HOBbIe .D.aHHbIe 0 reOJJOrH4eCKHX, reoqm3H4ecKHX H rH.D.poreOJJOrH4e-
'CKHX YCJJOBHHX 3arra.D.HOH: 4aCTH PYCCKOH: rrJJanpOpMbI (f. B. BOrOMOJJOB,
r. H. KaMeHcKHH:,
M. M. TOJJCTHXHHa,
H. 11. TOJJCTHXHH, A. 11. Cll- 6 A JJ T H II
.;111H-5eK4YPHH, A. C. Max-
Ha4, 3. 3. <PoTHa.D.H,
A. A. MaKKaBeeB,
5. B. 50H.D.apeHKO,
)K. n. XOTbKO, M. <P. K03-
.lIOB, A. E. 5a6HHeI.J"
I1. C. 3eKu,ep, A. n. JIaB-
pOB H .D.p.) rr03BOJJHIOT B
HaCTOHlU,ee B peMH 60JJee
nO.D.p06HO OCBeTHTb YCJJO-
HHH cpOpMHpoBaHHH COBpe-
MeHIlOro rrO.D.3eMHOro CTO-
Ka.
Ha rH.D.poreOJJOrH4e-
CKOH: cxe!l1e 3arra.D.HOH: 4a-
CTH (pHC. 7) PYCCKOH
IlJJaTcpopMbI rro yCJJOBHHM
CTOKa rrO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. rro-
Ka3aIIbI OCHOBHbIe 3JJeMeH-
TbI CTPYKTypHoro H rH.D.pO-
TpacpH
ecKoro rrJIaHa, orr-
pe.D.e.1HIOIU,He HarrpaBJIeHHe
H HHTeHCHBHOCTb rrO.D.3eM-
Horo CTOKa.
B HarrpaBJJeHHH C IOro-
3arra.D.a Ha ceBepo-BocTOK
TeppHTopHIO rrJJaTcpopMbI
nepeceKaeT rpH.D.a B03BbI-
rneHHocTell (BoJJ KOBbICKaH,
HOBorpY.D.CKaH, MHHCKa5I,
BHTe6cKa5I, 5eJJbCKO- LLy-
XOBIU,HHCKaH H .D.p.), rro
KOTOpbIM rrpOXO.D.HT opo-
rH.D.pOrpacpH4ecKHll BO.D.O-
pa3.D.eJJ (a6c. OTMeTKH
250-350 M), OT.D.eJJHIOIU,HH:
nOBepxHocTHHll H rrO.D.3eM-
HbIH CTOK B 5aJJTHllCKOe
Mope OT CTOKa B 4epHoe
Mope. B CBoeM BOCT04HOM rrpO.D.OJJlKeHHH 3TOT BO.D.Opa3.D.eJJ CMbIKaeTCH C BO-
.D.opa3.D.eJJOM, OT.D.eJJHIOIU,HM CTOK B ceBepHbIe MOpH aT CTOKa B KacrrHllcKoe
Mope.
B Cpe.D.Hell 4aCTH 5eJJOPYCCKoro rrO.D.3eMHoro MaCCHBa OpOrH.D.pOrpacpH-
qecKHH: BO.D.Opa3.D.eJJ rrepeceKaeT H 4aCTH4HO cOBrra.D.aeT C reocTpyKTYPHbIM
BO.D.opa3.D.eJJOM, pa3.D.eJJHIOIU,HM 3arra.D.HbIe H BOCT04HbIe TeKTOHH4eCKHe Brra-
1I,HHbI H rrpHyp04eHHbIe K HHM apTe3HaHcKHe 6accellHbI: Ha 3arra.D.e BaJJ-
THtkKaH Brra.D.HHa (npH6aJJTHllCKHll apTe3HaHCKHll 6accellH), IOlKHee ee-


[:] :1


Pac. 7. fa!(poreoJ10fJ.!'1eCKa5! cxeMa 3alIa,n:HOH '1aCTa
PYCCKOH TIJ1aTljJopMbI no YCJ10B!J5IM CTOKa 1110,n:3eMHbIX
BO,n:. COCTaBHJ1 A. IT. J1aBpoB IIO ,n:aHHbIM 3. 3. <Po-
ma,n:H, f. B. BOrOM0J10Ba, H. 11. TOJ1CT!Jx!JHa, A. n.
J1aBpoBa, 11. C. 3eKl\epa !J ,n:p.
I - otJOrII)l.porpaqJHqeCKa>l BO)l.Op,a3)l.eJIbHaH rpaHH
a Me}K,'\V
6acceitHaMH DaJITHltcKoro H 4epHoro Mopelt; 2 - TeOCT]YYK-
TYPHa}! Bo..qopa3..qeJIbHaH rp'aHHlI,a Me1K,QY apTe3HaHCKHMH
6acceitHaMH 3ana)l.Holt qaCTH PYCCKOIt nJIaTq,opMbI; 3 - Ha-
npaBJIeHIie nOBepxHocTHoro H nO,Q3eMHoro (CTOKa no rH.l.{pO

rpaq,HqeCKOf, ceTH; 4 - HanpaBJIeHHe ,rJIy60Koro nO)l.3eMHoro
CTOKa B apTe:
HaHCKHe 6accefiHbI




44 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPl1'.1. <l>AKTOPbI, onPE.JJ:. PAcnp. H <l>OPMHP. nO.JJ:3. BO.JJ:


BpeCTCKa5I Brra.JJ:uHa (BpeCTCKUH apTe3uaHCKHH 6acceHH), Ha BOCTOKe Op-
maHCKa5I Brra.JJ:HHa (3ana.JJ:Ha5I 'IaCTb I10.JJ:MOCKoBHoro apTe3HaHCKOI'0 6ac-
Cell:Ha), IO)!{Hee ee - I1pHn5ITCKa5I Brra.JJ:HHa (I1pHrr5ITCKHll: apTe3HaHCKHll:
6aCCell:H) .
feoCTPYKTYPHWll: BO.JJ:opa3.JJ:en nepeceKaeT rrnaT
opMY B MepUnHoHanb-
HOM HarrpaBJIemIH Me)!{ny nByM5I nOKeM6pull:CKUMH
HTaMu - BaJITHll:-
CKHM H YKpaHHCKUM - qepe3 BbICOKHe OTMeTKH
YHnaMeHTa: JIOKHOBCKHH
BblcTyrr (OT -250 .l1,0 -450 M), JIaTBHll:CKYIO CenJIOBHHY (OT -700 .l1,0-
-800 M), BeJIOpyccKHll: MaCCHB (OT -ISO no -500 M), I10JIeCcKYIO cen-
JIOBHHY (OT + 100 no -200 M), PaTHoBcKHH BbIcTyrr (OKOJIO -100 .M),
BOJIbIHo-I1onOJIbcKYIO rrJIHTY (OT -200 no -400 M).
YKpauHCKHll:
HT OTneJI5IeT BOCTO'IHbIe BrranHHbI - f1pHrr5ITcI<YIO
(-3000 M) H D:HerrpoBcKo-D:oHeUKYIO (-4000 .M) OT IO)!{HOll: I1pU'IepHO-
MOpCKOH BnanHHbI (4epHoMopCKHH apTe3HaHCKHll: 6aCCell:H). BOpOHe)!{CKHJI
MaCCHB H IKJI06HHCKa5I ce.l1,JIOBHHa OT.l1,eJI5IIOT OplllaHcKYIO (MOCKOBCKYIO)
Brra.l1,HHY (> -1500 /1-1 Ha 3arra.l1,e) OT Jl,HerrpoBcKo-Jl,oHeIJ,KOll: BfIa.l1,HHbI;
Ha 3arrane BeJIOPyccKHH MaCCllB OT.l1,e31 5!.eT OaJITHll:CKYIO BfIa.l1,HHY
(> -2000 M) OT opeCTCKOll: Brra.l1,HHbI (> -600 M Ha BocToKe), fIepexo-
n5I
ell: B JIbBoBCKO-JII06JIHHCKYIO BfIa.l1,HHY.
B pe3YJIbTaTe H3y'IeHH5I reoCTPYKTYPHbIX U rHnporeoJIOrU'IeCKHX oco-
6eHHOCTeH rrJlaTcpopMbI YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'ITO B apTe3HaHcKHx 6aCCell:HaX cY-

ecTBYIOT CJIO)!{HbIe YCJIOBH5I MHorO':JTa)!{HOrO rrO.JJ:3eMHoro CTOKa C pa3Ho-
CTOpOHHHM .l1,BH)!{eHHeM rrO.l1,3eMHbIX BO.l1,. B BepxHHx 3Ta)!{aX .l1,BH)!{eHHe rro.JJ:-
3eMHbIX BO.l1, cB060.l1,Hoe H HarropHoe HarrpaBJIeHO OT B03BbIllleHHbIX Y'IaCT-
KOB B peKu H B CTOPOHY MOp5I; B HH)!{HHX 3Ta)!{aX nBU)!{eHUe rrO.l1,3eMHbIX
BOn HarropHoe, MaJIO 3aBHC5IllIee OT reOMopcpOJIOrHU 6acceHHa, UMeeT '-Ia-
CTO npoTUBOnOJIO)!{HOe HarrpaBJIeHue. HarrpaBJIeHHe nBH)!{eHHH BO.l1, H3Me-
H5IeTCH B 3aBucuMocTH' OT pacrrOJIO)!{eHU5I TeKTOHUqeCKUX BrranHH, K KOTO-
pbIM npHypO'-leHbI yqaCTKH r JIy60Koro fIo.l1,3eMHoro CTOKa, H OT CTenem-f
paCKpblTOCTH U rrorpy)!{eHHH OT.l1,eJIbHbIX BO.l1,OHaCbI
eHHbIX TOJI
.
3TH oc06eHHoCTH fIO.l1,3eMHOro CTOKa '-IeTKO BW5IBJIHIOTCH Ha npO.JJ:OJIb-
HbIX CTPYKTypHo-rU.l1,pOreOJIorllqeCKHX fIpOcpHJlHX, CoCTaBJIeHHbIX rro .l1,OJIUHe
3arr. D:BHHbI (Jl,ayraBbI), f1PUfI5ITH, oepe3HHbI U .l1,pyruM peKaM.
B 6acceHHe 3afI. Jl,BHHbI, rrepeceKalO
eM rrJlaT
opMY OT BaJInaJICKOH:
B03BbIllleHHOCTU no OaJITHHCKOro MOp5I, rrO.l1,3eMHbIll: U rrOBepXHOCTHbIll: (pyc-
JlOBOH) CTOK HMelOT 06
ee HanpaBJIeHHe B Mope (B PH)!{CKHH 3aJIHB), B TO
BpeM5I KaK rJIy60KHll: rrO.l1,3eMHWll: CTOK HarrpaBJIeH OT JIaTBHll:CKOH cenJIO-
BHHbI Ha 3arra.l1, B OaJITHll:CKYIO Brra.l1,HHY U Ha BOCTOK B MOCKOBCKYIO Brra-
.l1,HHY. B 6acceHHe f1pHrrHTH rron3eMHbIll: If rrOBepXHOCTHbIll: CTOK HarrpaBJIeH
K Jl,Henpy, rJIy60KHH )!{e rrO.l1,3eMHbIH CTOK OT f10JIeCCKOll: Ce.l1,JIOBHHbl Ha
3afIan UMeeT HarrpaBJIeHUe B opeCTCKYIO Brra,L{UHY, a Ha BOCTOKe - B f1pH-
n5ITCKYIO Bna.l1,HHY If ,L{aJIee B Jl,HerrpoBcKo-Jl,oHeIJ,KYIO BfIanHHy. eTOK U3
noro 6aCCell:Ha Qepe3 TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH «npOJIHB» Me)!{.l1,y nO.l1,OJlbCKOH H
a30BCKOll: QaCT5IMH YKpaHHCKoro MaCCHBa HanpaBJIeH B OCHOBHOM B f1pH-
QepHOMOpCKHH apTe3HaHCKHH 6acceHH, HJIH B KOHeqHOM UTore B D.HefIp H
4epHoe Mope (KaMeHCKIfll:, TOJICTHXHHa, TOJICTHXHH, 1959).
MOcKoBcKaH Brra.l1,HHa OTJIHqaeTC5I CJIO)!{HbIMH YCJIOBIf5IMH
OpMHpoBa-
HH5I rJIy60Koro rrOn3eMHoro CTOKa, TaK KaK KpoMe aTMoccpepHoro rrHTaHfIff
B BepXHell: H Cpe.l1,HeH QaCTH 3arra.l1,Ho-Jl,BHHcKoro 6acceHHa B Hee noCTY-
nalOT HH
HJIbTpaIJ,HOHHbIe BOnbI B BepXOBb5IX D:HerrpoBcKoro 6aCCell:Ha. r JIY-
60KHH CTOK B npe.l1,eJIax 3arra.l1,HOll: QaCTH MOCKoBcKoro apTe3HaHcKor06ac-
ceHHa qaCTHqHO JIOKaJIH3yeTC5I no TaKHM CTpYKTypaM BToporo rropH.JJ:Ka

KaK OprnaHcKaH H BaJInall:CKa5I Bna.l1,HHbI, C coxpaHeHHeM 06
ero HanpaB-
JIeHH5I Ha IOrO-BOCTOK.
Ha 60JIbllleM QaCTH 6acceHHa HeMaHa rrOBepXHOCTHblll: U fIOn3eMHblH-
CTOK B BanTHMCKoe Mope COBnanaeT C HarrpaBJIeHHeM rJIy60Koro CTOKaco




rH
PorEonorH
ECKHE $AKTOPW


45


CTOpOHbl 5enOPYCCKoro MaCCI1Ba B 5anTI1ifcKYIO Brra
I1HY, TOJIbKO B Bepx-
Hell lJaCTI1 6accellHa rJIy60KI1ll rrO
3eMHblll CTOK
aCTI1
HO HarrpaBlleH
B 5peCTCKYIO BIIa
I1HY. .lLJIR BO
OHOCHbIX KOMIIJIeKCOB,
peHI1pyeMblx peIJ:-
HOll ceTblO, 6a3HC CTOKa rrO)].3eMHbIX BO)]. C rrJIOllI,a)].I1 6accefIHa 3arr. ABI1Hbl
I1 HeMaHa pacrr0J10)KeH Ha OTMeTKax KOHTI1HeHTaJIbHOrO CKJ10Ha B PH)K-
CKOM 3aJIHBe 5aJITHHCKOro MOpH --62 M H 6JII13I1 CKJIOHa --100 --240 M.
B '4epHoM Mope 6a3HC CTOKa C rrJIOllI,a)].H 6acceHHa JI,Herrpa pacrrOJIO-
)KeH HI1)Ke -- B 06J1aCTI1 KOHTI1HeHTaJIbHOrO CKJIOHa -- 64 M I1 OKOJIO CKJIO-
Ha --980 M*.
Oco6eHHOCTI1 pacrrpe)].eJIeHI1H rrO)].3eMHoro CTOKa rro)].TBep;>K)].aIOT 3Ha-

eHHe TeppI1TOpI1I1 5eJIOpyccKoro MaCCHBa C J1aTBI1HCKOll ce
noBHHoll Ha
ceBepe, OOJIeCCKOH ce)].nOBI1HOH Ha lOre H )£(lI06I1HCKOH -- Ha BOCTOKe KaK
06JJaCTI1 cpOpMI1pOBaHI1H pecypcoB rrO)].3eMHWX BO)]. B 30He HHTeHCI1BHOrO
Bo)].006MeHa I1 B 30He 3aMe)].J1eHHOrO Bo)].006MeHa, paCIIOJIO)KeHHOH HI1H,e

peHHpYIOllI,erO B03
ei'IcTBHH pe
HoH ceTH.
HCCJIe)].oBaHHHMI1 YCTaHOBJIeHO, IJ:TO rH)].porpacpI1IJ:eCKI1e Bo)].opa3)].eJIbl
pe
HbJX 6acceHHoB COBrra
aIOT B OCHOBHblX
epTax C rH)].paBJ1I1
eCKI1MI1 BO-
j],opa3)].eJIaMI1 )].JIR BO)].OHOCHbIX KOMrrJIeKCOB, )].peHHpyeMblx peKaMH. 3TO xo-
pOlliO cornacyeTcH C reoMopcpOJIOrI1IJ:eCKI1MH ycnOBI1HMI1 3TOH
aCTH Pyc-
CKOH rrJ1aTcpopMbI, a HMeHHO -- C pacrrOJIO)KeHI1eM rpH)].bl B03BblweHHocTeH
B BepxoBbHX peK, CTeKalOllI,I1X C 3TH X BblCOKHX y
acTKoB B DaJITHHCKOe
H B '4epHoe MOpH.
B pe
HblX 6acceHHax 5eJIopycCI1I1 rrpe06JIa)].alOT YCJIOBI1H, Kor.n.a rro)].-
3eMHble BO)].bl 30Hbl )].peHI1pOBaHI1H rI1)].paBJII1
eCKH B3aI1MOCBH3aHbI. 003-
TOMY rrbe30MeTpbl BepXHHX rOpI130HTOB rrO)].3eMHbIX BO)]. xa paKTepI13ylOT
06llI,YIO rHrrCOMeTpI11O BO)].HOH rroi3epxHOCTI1 B rrO)].3eMHbIX rrOTOKax, CTeKalO-
llI,I1X K pe
HWM )].OJII1HaM H rrHTalOllI,I1X peKH.
B 60JIbWeH lIaCTH pelIHblX 6acceHHOB rrO
3eMHbJH CTOK B peKH HHTeH-
CHcpJ1IJ,I1pyeTcH B MeCTax rJ1y60KHX rrOHH)KeHI1H Ha )].OIJ:eTBepTI1IJ:HOH nOBepx-
HOCTH (rraneo)].onI1HbI, 03epHbJe KOTnOBHHbl I1 T. rr.). B HarrpaBneHHH C ce-
Bepa Ha lOr Ha6JIIO)].aeTCH cBoe06pa3i'fOe «OMOJIa)KI1BaHHe» )].OtIeTBepTI1tI-
!-iLIA BO)].OHOCHbiX OTnO)KeHHH, )].peHHpyeMblx pe
HOH ceTblO, rrpI1 06IlI,eM
YCJIOBI1I1,
TO Ha TeppI1TOpI1H 5CCP )].peHHpYIOTCH Bce BO)].OHocHble ropI1-
30HTbl IJ:eTBepTI1
HOrO KOMrrJIeKca.
YtIaCTOK CTOKa rro)].3eMHbJX BO)]. )].eBoHCKI1X OTJIO)KeHI1H paCrrOJIOH,eH'
Ha ceBepe 5eJIopycCI1I1: Ha ceBepo-3arra)].e OH rrpe)].CTaBJ1eH JlIBeHTOHcKO-
TapTYCKHM H HapoBcKo-rrHpHycKHM BO)].OHOCHbIMI1 KOMrrJIeKCaMI1; Ha ceBepo-
BOCTOKe -- cppaHCKI1M, wBeHToHcKo-Ta PTYCKI1M I1 Ha pOBcKo-rrHpHycKHM BO-
)].OHOCHbIMI1 KOMrrJIeKCaMI1. K cpe)].HeH
aCTI1 DeJIOpYCCHH rrpI1ypo
eH y
a-
CTOK CTOKa rro)].3eMHblx BO)]. ceHoH-TypoHcKoro H ceHOMaHCKoro BO)].OHOC-
HblX ropH30HTOB, C KOTOpbIMI1 Ha 3arra)].e I1 BOCTOKe pecrry6JII1KI1 rH)].paBnI1-

eCKI1 CBH3aHbl BO)].bl 3aJIeralOllI,erO HI1)Ke IOpcKoro BO)].oHocHoro KOMrr-
JIeKca. B IO)KHOH lIaCTI1 5enopYCCHH crrnOlliHoe pacrrpocTpaHeHHe HMeeT
HeoreHOBO-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO)].OHOCHbIll KOMrrJIeKC, BO)].bI KOToporo rI1)].paB-
JIH
eCKH CBH3aHbl C BO
aMI1 Bbllliene)KallI,HX BO,IJ,OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB IJ:eT-
BepTI1IJ:HbIX OTJIO)KeHI1ll H C 3aJIeralOIlI,I1MH HH)Ke ceHoH-TypOHCKI1M, ceHO-
MaHCKI1M I1 IOpCKHM BO)].OHOCHbIMI1 rOpI130HTaMH. Oc06eHHocTb TeppHTOpI1H
3arra)].Hblx 11 101'0-3arra)].Hblx yIJ:aCTKOB CTOKa 3aKJIIOIJ:aeTCH B TOM, IJ:TO 3)].eCb
30Ha rrpeCHblX BO)]. pacrrpOCTpaHHeTCH
aCTI1IJ:HO Ha BO)].OHOCHble rOpI130HTbl
KeM6pHHCKI1X OTJIO)KeHI1H, a B 3arra)].HOH
aCTI1 MaCCI1Ba I1 Ha BO)].OHOCHbIM
KOMrrJIeKC BepXHerrpOTep030HCKI1X OTJ10)KeHI1H.
rH)].pOH30rrbe3bl rrpOBe)].eHbl
epe3 20 M rro rrbe30MeTpHIJ:eCKHM ypOB-
HRM rrepBblx HarropHblx BO)].OHOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB, I1MelOIlI,I1X HaI160JIee WH-


* ATJJac CCCP, 1954 L




46 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPHLJ. <l>AKTOPbI, onPE,a:. PAcnp. M <l>OPMMP. no,a:3. BO,a:


pOKoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe *: B ceBepHOH H ceBepO-BOCTOqHOH qaCT5IX BCCP
3TO 6Y.lJ,YT MeLKMopeHHble BaJI.lJ,aHCKO-MOCKOBCKHH, MOCKOBCKO-.lJ,HerrpOBCKHH.,
<ppaHCKHH., llIBeHTOH.CKO-TapTycKHH. H HapoBCKO-rr5IpHycKHH BO.lJ,OHOCHble ro-


: 1 /
1
""'
1 2
! 1 3


PHC. 8. CxeMaTH'JecKa5I KapTa H30Jl!JHI!H o,n:I!HaKOBbIX HaliopoB BepXl!ero BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMII-
lICKca 30HbI J<peH!JpoBaHH5I peKaMfI BCCP. COCTaBfIJJ A. n. J1aBpoB IIO ,n:aHHblM A. n. Ba-
XOBCKoro, l1. C. 3eKl\epa, A. IT. J1aBpoBa
1 - BaJlTH!\cKo-LJepHOMO\)CKRfi SOfJ,Opa3)1.eJ!; 2 - ceBepHaH rpaHH
a BepxHero )l.OQeTSepTHqHOrO BO)l.OHOC-
HOrQ KtAMIfiJIeKCa; 3 - rH'i,lJ;pOH30llbe3b1


pH30HTbI H KOMrrJIeKCbI; B IJ,eHTpaJIbHOH qaCTH rrpe06JIa,lJ,aIOT BaJI,lJ,aticKo-
MOCKOBCKHH:, MOCKOBCKO- .lJ,HerrpOBCKIIH: H .lJ<HerrpOBCKO-6epe3HHCKHH aJIJIIOBH-
aJIbHO-<pJIIOBHOrJI5IIJ,HaJIbHble BO.lJ,OHOCHble rOpII30HTbI, Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe--
HeOreHOBO-naJIeOreHOBbIH. BO.lJ,OHOCHbIH: KOMrrJIeKC, Ha 3arra.lJ,e II Ha BO-
CTOKe - ceHOH-TypOHCKHH., CeHOMaHCKHH H IOpCKHH. BO,lJ,OHOCHble rOpH30HTbI
(pHC. 8).
ITo pacrrpe,lJ,eJIeHHIO rH.lJ,pOH30rrbe3 BbI.lJ,eJIeHbI 06JIaCTH nHTaHH5I, HMeIO-
III,He ceBepO-BOCTOqHOe rrpOCTHpaHHe, COBrra.lJ,aIOIII,He B OCHOBHbIX qepTaX
C rp5I.lJ,OH: BO.lJ,Opa3.lJ,eJIbHbIX B03BbIllleHHOCTeH.: Ha IOrO-3arra.lJ,e yqaCTOK BOJI-
KOBWCCKHX BWCOT C OTMeTKaMH rrbe30MeTpHqeCKHX YPOBHeH. 160 M, ,lJ,aJIee
YLJaCTOK Ba paHOBHqCKO- HOBorpY.lJ,CKIIX BbICOT (180-200-240 oM), TOJIO-
qHH-Koxa,HOBCKHH: YLJaCTOK (180-200 M). Ha rrpHJIeraIOIII,HX K BeJIOPyccHH


* BepxHHe BOJJ.OHOCHbIe ropfI30HTbI HalIopHbIX 1I0J<3eMHbIX BOJ< (qeTBepTfIqHbIX H
,n:OqeTBepTfIqHbIX OTJJO)KeH!JH) B YCJlOBfI5IX BeJJOPYCCfIfI He MorYT 6bITb OTHeceHbI K T!J-
lI!JqHO apTe3fIaHCK!JM BOJ<OHOCHbIM ropfI30HTaM.




rHAPorEO
OrHqECKHE
AKTOPH


47


06
aCT5IX IHITaHH5I BbIAe
5IIOTC5I ylJaCTKH BblCOKHX OTMeTOK rrbe30MeTpl!lJe-
CRHX YPOBHeH nO)1,3eMHblX BO)1,: Ha CeBepe YlJaCTOK JIaTraJIbCKOH B03Bbl-
ll1eHHOCTH (160-180 oM), YlJaCTOK HeBe
bcwo-fopOAOKCKHX H BeLKaHHIJ,KHX
BbiCOT (180-190 oM), Ha BOCTOKe ylJaCTOK 5e
bcKo-)JYXOBll1l!HCKHX rp5lA
MOCKOBCKo-CMo
eHcKoH rp5lAbl (180-200 oM), BopoHeLKcKHH MaCCHB
(210-220 oM), ylJaCTOK Ba
AaHcKoH B03Bblll1eHHOCTH (180-220 oM), Ha
3arraAe ylJaCTOK fpoAHeHcKoH B03BblIlleHHOCTH (160 oM), OIIIM5IHCKOH B03-
BbIll1eHHOCTH (160-200 oM), Ha lOre YKpaHHcKHH ll1HT (150-200 oM), Bo-

bIHCKoe rrJIaTO (220 oM).
OT ylJaCTKOB rrHTaHH5I rroA3eMHblH CTOK HMeeT HarrpaB
eHHe K 06
a-
CT5IM ApeHaLKa (pa3rpY3KH) nOA3eMHblX BOA, rrpHypOlJeHHbIX K AO
HHaM
peK, oc06eHHO K HX HH30Bb5lM *: 3arra)],Ho-)J,BHHCKOH (caMble HH3KHe OT-
MeTKH rrbe30MeTpWIeCKHX ypoBHeH (140-110 oM), BH
eHcKoH (140 oM), He-
MaHcKoH (140-110 oM), 5yrcKo-MyxoBeIJ,KOH (140-130 oM), DpHrr5lTCKO-
5epe3HHcKo-)JHerrpoBcKoH (Do
ecbe) (140-100 oM). D
aBHbIH rrepexoA
rH)1,pOf!30rrbe3 aT 06
aCTeH rrHTaHH5I K 06JIaCT5IM pa3rpY3KH CBH)],eTe
bCT-
ByeT a Ha.1JWlHH rHApaB
HlJeCKOH B3aHMOCB5I3H MeLKAY HHMH.
B pelJHblX AOJIHHaX rrbe30MeTpHlJeCKa51 rrOBepXHOCTb rrOA3eMHblX BOA,
06eCrrelJeHHblX rrOCT05lHHblM mnaHl!eM C rrpHJleralOIlI.HX ylJaCTKOB, HeH3-
M6HHO rrpeBbIIllaeT MeLKeHHble YPOBHH peK. Hal!MeHbIIIHe BeJlHlJHHbI rrpe-
BblIlleHH5I YCTaHOB
eHbl B rpYHTOBblX rrpHpyc.'10BbIX rrOTOKax, ypOBHH B KO-
TOpblX 06bllJHO B MeLKeHb BbIIlle YPOBH5I rrOBepXHOCTHblX PYC
OBbiX BOA Ha
0,3-0,5-1,0 .M. Dbe30MeTpbl B MeLKMopeHHblx BO)],OHOCHbIX ropH30HTax IT
B HHLKeJIeLKall1HX, rHApaB
HlJeCKH C HHMH CB5I3aHrHbIX, <POpM
PYIOTC5I rro)],
B03AeHcTBHeM HarropHoro rpa)],HeHTa, AeHcTBYIOll1erO CHH3Y BBepx Ha 60
ee
BbiCOKl!X OTMeTKax, lJeM OTMeTKH ypOBH5I rpYHToBblX BO)], H B pycJlax peK,
oc06eHHO B
eTHIOIO MeLKeHb. HaH60
ee 3HalJHTe
bHoe rrpeBblIlleHIie rro
cpeAHHM 3HalJeHH5IM rHApOH30rrbe3 Ii cpeAHeMeLKeHHblX YPOBHeH B pyc
ax
peK YCTaHOB
eHO B Aomme 3arr. )JBl!Hbl (aT 0-5 AO 10 oM H Bblwe), B AO-

HHe HeMaHa, 5epe3HHbI, )JHerrpa (0,5 oM lJall1e 10 oM H peLKe BbIIlle);
YMeHbwaeTC5I rrpeBblWeHl!e YPoBHei% rrOA3eMHblX BO)], HaA YPOBH5IMH peK
B AO
HHe DpHrr5lTH (0-5 oM, peLKe 5-10 oM).
PerHoHa
bHble OC066HHOCTH AHHaMHKH rrOA3eMHoro CTOKa B peKl! xa-
paKTepH3YIOTC5I pa3
HlJHblM rrpeBblweHHeM YPOBHeH rrO)],3eMHbIX BOA B 06-

aCT5IX rrHTaHH5I HaA YPOBH5IMH B AOJll!HaX r
aBHblX peK. Do BeJlHlJl!He nIA-..
paB
HqeCKOrO rpaAHeHTa ceBepHble H 3arraAHble pelJHble 6acceHHbI 3HalJH-
Te
bHO OT
W!aIOTC5I OT 6acceHHoB IOLKHbIX f! IOrO-BOCTOlJHbIX 6acceHHoB Ha
TeppHTopHH Do
ecb5l. B 6acceHHe 3arr. )JBHHbl cpeAHHe rpaAHeHTbl B rro-
TOKax HarropHblx rrOA3eMHblX BO)], 30Hbl ApeHHpOBaHl-l51 COCTaB
5IIOT 0,0010
(peRf! 060
b, Y

a, YCBeHKa HAp.) - 0,0040 (p. 060
5IHKa). B 6acceHHe
HeM aHa rpaAHeHTbl paBHbl 0,0005 (p. HeMaH) - 0,0010-0,0013 (peKH
CepBelJ, Yca, faHb5l) - 0,0020 (p. ll1.apa) - 0,0033 (p. MO
lJaAb). TaKHe
LKe 3HalJ€lHH5I rpaAHeHToB B BepxHeH lJaCTH 6acceHHa 5epe3HHbI 0,0014-
0,0020 (p. CBHC
OlJb). 3aMeTHo YMeHbWaIOTC5I rpa)],HeHTbI B 6acceHHax
DpHrr5lTH, 5yra, HHLKHeH lJaCTH 5epe3l!Hbl, )JHerrpa: 0,0001-0,0003 (peKH
DpHIl5lTb, 5Ice
bAa, )JHerrp, COLK, 5epe3HHa, MyxaBeIJ,) - 0,0004-0,0006
(peKf! 506pHK, C
y%, Y60pTb, )JPYTb, C
OBelJHa, J1ecHa). .
PauoHupoBaHue meppumopuu ECCP no YCAOBURM
lj'JopMupoBaHuR noo3eMHozo cm01m B peKu
Do cOBoKyrrHocTH reO
OrW!eCKHX H rHAporeO
OrHlJeCKHX oc06eHHocTeH
OTAe
bHbIX pelJHblX 6acceHHoB BbIAe
eHbl rHApOreO
OrHlJeCKHe paHoHbI Ha
TeppHTopHH 5CCP, OT
HlJalOIlI.HeC5I yC
OBH5IMH CPOpMHpOBaHH5I rrOA3eMHoro
CTORa B peKH (pHC. 9).


* OTMeTKI1 YPoBHeii npI1Be.v;eHbI .v;Jl5I TeppI1TOpI1I1 BCCP.




48 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPHtJ. <1>AKTOPb1, OTIPE.D.. PACTIP. H <1>OPMHP. TIO.D.3. BO.D.


BbI.D.eJIeHHe rH.D.poreOJIOrHtJeCKHX paH:OHOB HBJIHeTCH Ba)KHbIM YCJ10-
BHeM .D.JIH perHOHaJIbHOH: OueHKH eCTeCTBeHH
X peCypCOB (B0306HOBJIeHHH)
IlO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. 30HbI HHTeHCHBlHOrO BO.D.oo6MeHa.
Dpe.D.eJIbI B03MO)KHorO .D.peHHpOBaHHH peKaMH BO.D.OHOCHbIX KOMIlJIeK-
COB OIlpe.D.eJIHIOTCH COOTHOWeHHeM Ha npH6pe)KHbIX YtJaCTKaX YPOBHeH: IlO.D.-


a / _ 7
E32 m 8

,J 89
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IliA


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P!JC. 9. CxeMaT!JtJecKa5I KapTa f!JJJ.poreo.10f!JlJeCKOrO paHoH!JpoBaH!J5I Tepp!JTopllll BCCP no
YCJIOB!J5IM ljJopM!JpoBaH!J5! 110JJ.3eMlioro CTOKa B peK!J. CocTaB!JJI A. IT. J1aBpoB 110 JJ.aHHbIM
VI. C. 3eKl\epa, A. IT. J1aBpoBa. O. B. ITonoBa, A. IT. BaxOBcKoro
I1peHupo8aHue no83eMHblX Baa: 1 - 'lIeTBepTH'lIHbIX OTJIO)l{eHHti:; 2 - LJeT1BepTH'lIHbIX H HeoreH-naJIeOreHO-
BbIX OTJIO:tKe'HH:fi; .3 - Be'pXH&MeJIO'BbIx OTJIO:tKeHHH; 4 - IBepXHeMeJlOBbIX 'H 'IOPCKHX OTJIO:tKeHH:fi; 5 - Bepx-
He. H cpeJJ:,HeJJ:,eBOH'CKflX OTJIO)KeHHH; fj - cp.e)J.,He,11,eBOHCKHX OTJlO}K\eHHfi: 7
 cpe.QHe.QeBoHcKHX, HapOB'
CRHX H tJaCTHlIHO KeM6p'MttcKHX oTJ1o)KeHHil; 8
 BepxH8Me.1JOBblX H llaCTFP-I'HQ KeM6pui1cKHX OTJIO)f(eHHft
(H3 HeKoTopbIX yqaCTKaX BepXHeMeJIOBbIX, CpelI.Het:J.eBOH'CKHX H qaCTH'lIHQ K8M6pHt[CKHX OTJ10:tKeHH:fi);
9 - rpaHHI1a paiioHa; 10 - ,rpaHHI1a nORpaiioHa; 11 - 'H30JIHHH'H cpeR'HHX r01J;OBbIX M01\YJIeii nO.1\3eMHoro
CTOKa, )lJceKIKM 2
(I, II, III - HOMepa paiioHoB. -la. 16 H T. 1\. - HOM"pa JlORpaiioHOB II.peHHpOBaHHH; II1HpOKa>I nOJIOca
0603HallaeT «OCHOBHoe» YlIaCTHe, >50%, BOLI;OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB H KoMnJIeKCOB B $OpMHpoBaHHH no]l,-
3eMHoro 'CTOKa, Y3KaH ({,nOJI.''lIHHeHHoe», <'.50°/0; YllaCTHe HfDKHHX '.ropH30HTOB 06blllH'O CQCTa'BJI5reT 25%)


3eMHbIX H petJHbIX BO.D., XHMHqeCKHM COCTaBOM H .D.aHHbIMH MO.D.eJIHpOBaHHH
MeTO.lLOM 3JIeKTpO.D.HlHaMHtJeCKHX aHaJIOrHH:.
30HY .D.peHHpOBaHHH peKaMH Ha TeppHTOpHH BeJIOPYCCHH COCTaBJIHIOT
BO.D.OHOCHbIe f10pH30HTbI H KOMnJIeKCbI C pa3JIHqHbIM CTpaTHrpaq:mqeCKHM
COOTHOWeHHeM, HO 6e3 CnJIOWHbIX BO.D.oynopHbIX rOpH30HTOB B 60JIbWeU qa-
CTH peqHbIX 6aCCeUHOB. CJIO)KHOe (CJIOHCTOe) CTpOeHHe OT.D.eJIbHbIX BO.D.O-
HaCbIllJ,eHHbIX TOJIIlJ, TOJIbKO 3aMe.D.JIHeT H YCJIO)KHHeT .D.BH)KeHHe Ha OT.D.e.'Ib-
HbIX yqaCTKaX peqHbIX .D.OJIHH (nepeXO.D. H3 HHCXO.D.HIlJ,erO B BOCXO.D.HIlJ,ee),
HO He npHOCTaHaBJIHBaeT CTOK IlO.D.3eMHbIX BO.D. B peKH. Y CJIOBHH .D.peHHpo-




rH
POfEonorH4ECKHE
AKTOPU


49


B3HHH BO
OHOCHbIX rOpH30HTOB Pycn3MH peK OIlpe
enHlOTCH He TonbKO nH-
TonorH4eCKHM CTpoeHHeM OT
enbHbIX TOnIlI" HO H ycnoBHHMH HX 33ner3-
HHH, T3K K3K IlO IH3Ilp3BneHHlO K TeKTOHH4eCKHM BIl3
HH3M HeKOTopbIe BO-
JJ.OH3CbIIlI,eHHbIe KOMIlneKCbI IlOpO
 (J3+2, D2, Cm H
p.) HHTeHCHBHO Ilorpy-
.lK3lOTCH H BbIXO
HT H3 ccpepbI
peHHpyeMoro B03
eI1:CTBHH peQHOI1: ceTH.
Bcero H3 TeppHTopHH 5eJIOpYCCHH BbI
eJIHeTCH IlO YCJIOBHHM CPOpMH-
pOB3HHH Ilo
3eMHoro CTOK3 B peKH TPH p3HOH3, KOTopble B CBOlO OQepe
b
Ilo
p33
eJIHlOTCH (IlO reOJIOrH4eCKHM H rH
pOrp3cpH4eCKHM IlpH3H3K3M) H3

BeH3
1J,3Tb IlO
P3I1:0HOB *. CTOK Ilo
3eMHbIx BO
 B peKH H3 BO
OHOCHbIX
KOMIlJ1eKCOB 30Hbl
peHHpoB3HHH IlOK333H
JI51 IlJIOIlI,3
eH BbmeJIeHHbIX P3H-
OHOB H nO
p3I1:0HOB IlO 63CCeI1:H3M KPYIlHblX (rJI3BHbIX) peK, IlO KOTOpblM
11 Be
eTCH p3C4eT IlO
3eMHoro CTOK3.
PaHoH 1- ceBepHbIH (qeTBepTUqHO-,lI,eBOHcKuH). 31'01' paHoH Ilo
pa3
e-
JIHeTCH Ha 4eTbipe Ilo
paHoHa.
nepBblI1: no
paHoH (IA) OXBaTbiBaeT lOro-3aIla)J,lHYlO QaCTb paHoHa, r
e
TIO
 4eTBepTH4HbIMH 06pa30BaHHHMH (c 06IlI,eH MOIlI,HOCTblO
o 100-
150 M) Henocpe
cTBeHHo 3aJIeralOT HapoBcKHe (HapoBcKo-IlHpHycKHe) CJIOH
cpe
Hero
eBOHa, IlorpY.IKalOIlI,HeCH Ha ceBep H ceBepo-3aIla
, B CTOPOHY
5aJITHHCKOI1: BIla
HHbl, IlO
 OTJIo:m:eHHH BepxHero
eBOHa. Ha Y4aCTKe
B paI1:0He r. CMoproHH 3aJIeralOT HH:m:HeIlaJIe030I1:CKHe OTJIo:m:eHHH. npH-
6JIH:m:eHHaH MOIlI,HOCTb 30Hbl
peHHpoBaHHH peKaMH, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMaH IlO
HH.lKHeI1: rpaHHlJ,e IlpecHblx BO
 (1,0-1,5 cj.l) , paBHa 200-250 M (D 2 nr).
Me:m:MopeHHbIe BaJI
aI1:CKO-MOCKOBCKHI1: H MOCKOBcKo-
HeIlpOBCKHI1: BO
O-
HOCHbIe ropH30HTbI, 3a C4eT KOTOpblX B OCHOBHOM CPopMHpyeTcH Ilo
3eMHbII1:
CTOK, H 3aJIeralOIlI,He HH:m:e HX cpe
He
eBoHcKHe BO
OHOCHble OTJIo:m:eHHH
lI.peHHpYlOTCH peKaMH BHJIHeH, I1JI HeI1: , Hap04blO, OWMHHKOH H
p. Ha
Bo
Opa3
eJIbHOI1: IlJIOIlI,a
H Me:m:
y 6aCCeI1:HaMH CBHCJI04H, I1CJ104H H
p.
JJ.peHa:m: YCHJIHBaeTCH 6JIarO
apH rJIy60KoMY
peBHeMY pa3MbIBY
04eTBep-
TJ1l-!HOI1: IloBepxHocTH C OTMeTKaMli HH:m:e ypOBHH MOp5I (-10M). fH.n.p<o-
H30Ilbe3bl Ha IlJIOIlI,a.n.H IlepBoro Ilo.n.paHoHa xa paKTepH3YlOTC5I CHH:m:eHHeM
OTMeTOK 01' > 180 M Ha ceBepe H BOCTOKe .n.o < 140 M Ha 3aIla.n.e B .n.OJIHHe
p. BHJIHH.
BTOpOI1: Ilo.n.paI1:0H (IB), Bbl.n.eJIeHHbII1: lOrO-BOCT04Hee IlepBoro, HMeeT
<lHaJIOrH4HOe C HHM reOJIOrH4eCKoe CTpoeHHe H MOIlI,HOCTb (200-250 hi,
D 2 nr) 30Hbl .n.peHHpoBaHHH, HO .n.peHHpyeTC5I peKaMH 4epHoMopcKoro 6ac-
ceflHa - 5epe3HIHOI1:, 506pOM, nJIHCCOI1:, faI1:HOI1:, YWOI1:. MOIlI,HOCTb QeTBep-
TH4HbiX OTJIo:m:eHHI1: paBHa 100-150 hi H .n.OCTHraeT 300 hi (MHHCKa5I B03°
BblweHHocTb); B 4eTBepTH4HbiX OTJIo:m:eHHHX pacIlpoCTpaHeHbI Me:m:MopeH-
Hble BO.n.OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbi - MOCKOBCKO-.n.HeIlpOBCKHI1: H .n.HeIlpOBcKo-6e-
pe3HHCKHI1:, IlO.n. KOTOpblMH 3aJIeraeT IHeo.n.Hopo.n.HblI1: IlO Bo.n.006HJIbHOCTH H
JIHillb 4aCTH4HO .n.peHHpyeMblI1: peKaMH HapoBcKo-IlHPHYCKHI1: BO.n.OHOCHbII1:
KOMIlJIeKC. OTMeTKH rH.n.poH30Ilbe3 Ila.n.alOT 01' 200-180 hi Ha 3aIla.n.e .n.o
160 hi Ha BOCTOKe B .n.OJIHHe p. 5epe3HHbI.
CeBepHee paCIlOJIo:m:eH TpeTHH no.n.paHoH (IB), r.n.e peKaMH 3aIl. J],BH-
HOI1:, J],HCHOI1:, YJIJIOH, Ywa%IO, YCBeI1:KOI1: .n.peHHpYlOTC5I IlpeHMYIlI,eCTBeHHo
lJeTBepTH4mbie BO.n.OHOCHble ropH30HTbI, B OCHOBHOM BaJI.n.aHcKo- MOCKOBCKHH
H MOCKOBCKO- .n.HeIlpOBCKHI1: (06IlI,a5I MOIlI,HOCTb 4eTBepTHQHbIX OTJIO.IKeHHH
50-100 hi Ha ceBepo-3aIla.n.e H lOrO-BOC1'OKe Ilo.n.paI1:0Ha > 150 hi) H WBeH-
TOHcKo-TapTycKHH, 4aCTH4HO HapoBcKo-IlHPHYCKHH, Ilorpy:m:alOIlI,HeC5I B CTO-
POHY OpWaHCKOI1: BIla.n.HHbI. MOIlI,HOCTb 30HbI .n.peHHpoBaHHH YMeHbWaeTC5I
.n.o 200-150 hi. 50JIbWYlO pOJIb B .n.peHHpoBaHHH HrpalOT rJIy60KHe .n.peB-


* PaHOHbI Ha3BaHbI 110 TeM 'JaCT5IM TeppllTOplII1 BeJ1opycclIlI, rJJ.e paCl1pOCTpaHeHb!
pa3.111'JHbIe BepX!me JJ.O'JeTBepTII'JHbIe BOJJ.OHOCHbIe KOMI1.1eKCbJ. LJ:0110/1HI1TeJ1bHO B cK06Kax
.l(aeTCH Ha3BaHlIe paHoHa 110 I1peIlMYIl\eCTBeHI10MY Y'JaCTIIIO BOJJ.OHOCHbIX KOMI1J1eKCOB B 110.l(-
3eMHOM I1I1TaHI1I1 peK.
4 3aK. 04368




50 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPH'-!. <t>AKTOPbI, OilPE.n.. PACilP. H <!>OPMHP. ilOLL3. BOLL


HHe nOHH)l{eHH5I Ha .n.OlJeTBepTHLJHOli nOBepXHOCTH B palioHe r. noc. 4aw-
HHKH (oTMeTKH H11)l{e ypOBH5I Mop5I-45 M), B .n.OJIHHe p. YJIJIbI H B paH-
OHe 5paCJIaBCKHX 03ep (-40 At).
OTMeTKH rH.n.pOH30nbe3 B 3TOM paHoHe na.n.aIOT OT 180-170 M Ha IOro-
BOCTOKe .n.o 110-100 M Ha 3ana.n.e B .n.OJIHHe p. 3an. J],BHHbI.
CeBepo-BOCTOLJHbIH no.n.paHO:H (I r) npHypOlJeH K MeCTaM pa3BHTH51
BepxHe.n.eBoHcKHX (cppaHcKHx) OTJIOLKeHHH. B CB5I3H C 3THM 30Ha .n.peHH-
pOBaHHH MOIll,HOCTbIO 100-150 At (Dz) COCTOHT npeHMYIlI,eCTBeHHo H3 lJeT-
BepTHlJHbIX - BaJI.n.allcKo-MocKoBcKHx H lJaCTHlJHO MOCKOBCKo-.n.HenpoBcKHX
oTJIo)l{eHHll, HMeIOIlI,HX 06Il1,YIO MOIll,HOCTb 50-100 H > 150 M Ha BOCTOKe,
a TaK)l{e H3 <ppaHcKHx Kap60Ha1'HbIX, wBeHToHcKHX H TapTycKHX BO.n.OHOC-
HblX OTJIO)l{eHHH. BO.n.bI neClJaHblX H Kap60HaTHblx nopo.n. .n.eBOHCKHX OTJIQ-
)l{eHHH npH06peTaIOT OCHOBHoe 3HalJeHHe B no.n.3eMHOM nHTaHHH peK Ha
BOCTOKe no.n.paHoHa, npHlJeM lJaCTHlJHble Bo.n.oynopHbIe OTJIO)l{eHH5I cpe.n.-
Hero .n.eBOHa norPY)l{aIOTC5I B CTOPOHY OpwaHCKOH Bna.n.HHbI. J],peHa)l{ .n.e-
BOHCKHX BO.n.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, oc06eHHO B neCKax H neClJaHHKaX WBeH-
TOHCKO-TapTYCKoro ropH30HTa, YOfJIHBaeTC5I B MeCTax TaKHX rJIy60KHX pa3-
MblBOB .n.OlJeTBepTHlJHOH nOBepX!HOCTH, KaK nOJIOlJ,KHH H 5eweHKOBHlJCKHH
(.n.o -20 M). fH.n.pOH30nbe3bl nOKa3bIBaIOT 3HalJHTeJIbHOe na.n.eHHe nbe30-
MeTpHlJeCKHX ypOBHeH B 3TOM no.n.paHOHe - OT 200-190-170 At Ha ceBepe
H BOCTOKe .n.o 130-120 At Ha 3ana.n.e B .n.OJIHHe 3an. J],BHHbI.
Paii.oH II -u,eHTpaJIbHbIii. (qeTBepTHlJHO-BepXHeMeJIOBoii.). fHLLPOreOJIo-
rHlJeCKHH palloH, nepeCeKaIOIlI,HH B lJ,eHTpaJIbHOH lJaCTH 5eJIOpyccHH C 3a-
na.n.a Ha BOCTOK 5aJITHHCKO-4epHoMopCKYIO Bo.n.opa3.n.eJIbHYIO B03BblweH-
HOCTb, no.n.pa3.n.eJI5IeTC5I Ha TPH no.n.paHcma.
3ana.n.HbIH no.n.paHoH (IIA) OTJIHlJaeTC5I TeM, lJTO 3.n.eCb .n.peHHpYIOTC5.I
peKaMH HeMaHOM, mapOH, J],HTBOH, YCCOH H .n.pyrHMH nOlJTH Bce BO.n.OHOC-
HbIe ropH30HTbI oca.n.OlJHOH TOJIUl)I. 4eTBepnJlIHble OTJIOLKeHHH, MOW,HOCTblO,
50-150 H >150 At Ha 3ana.n.e, co.n.ep)l{aT MOCKOBCKo-.n.HenpoBcKHH H .n.He-
npoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHH Me)l{MOpeHHbIe ropH30HTbl; HH)l{e HX 3aJIeraIOT no-
rpY)l{aIOw,HecH Ha 3ana.n. BepXHeMeJIOBble BO.n.OHOCHble OTJIO)l{eHHH, cpe.n.R
KOTOpbIX no.n. MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBOH TOJIw,eH pacnOJIO)l{eH HMeIOIlI,HH OCHOB-
Hoe 3HalJeHHe B no.n.3eMHOM CTOKe B peKH BO.n.OHOCHblH ropH30HT B neCKax
H neClJaHHKaX ceIHOMaHCKHX OTJIO)l{eHHH, a TaK)l{e KeM6pHHCKHH BO.n.OHOC-
HbIH KOMnJIeKC H Ha 3ana.n.e BbIcoKoHanopHbIli IOpCKHII BO.n.OHOCHbIH KOMn-
JIeKC. B CB5!3H C 3THM MOW,HOCTb 30HbI .n.peHHpOBaHHH .n.OCTHraeT 300 M H
60JIee. Ha 60JIbWeH lJaCTH n,1Jow,a.n.H no.n.paHoHa npoxo.n.HT KpynHaH .n.peB-
H5!H LLOJIHHa (.n.o -10 .M), K KOTOpOH npHypOlJeHbI lJaCTHlJHO p. HeMaH,
p. mapa H .n.pyrHe, Bpe3 KOTOpbIX B KopeHHbIe OTJIO)l{eHH5! 06eCnelJHBaeT aKTH-
BH3HpoBaHHe no.n.3eMHoro CTOKa H3 Bcex BbIweYKa3aHHblx BO.n.OHOCHbIX KOM-
nJIeKCOB B peKH. OTMeTl<H rH.n.pOH30nbe3 na.n.aIOT.OT 200-! 80 At Ha ceBepo-
3ana.n.e H BOCTOKe (Bo.n.opa3.n.eJI) .n.o 130-110 M Ha IOrO-3ana.n.e B .n.0.1HHe
HeMaHa.
BTOpOH no.n.paHOH (lIB) pacnOJIO)l{eH BOCTOQHee 5alITHHCKO-4epHO-
MopCKoro Bo.n.opa3.n.eJIa H .n.peHHpyeTC5! peKaMH 6acceHHa J],Henpa: nTHlJbIO,
CBHCJ10'lbIO, 5epe3HHOH, OJIbCOH H LLp. B 301HY LLpeHHpOBaHHH BXO.n.HT npe-
HMYIlI,eCTBeHO lJeTBepTHlJHbIe OTJIO)l{eHH5! MOW,HOCTbIO 50-100 M, co.n.ep)l{a-
mHe BOLL006HJlbHble Me)l{MOpeHHble ropH30HTbI, HH)l{e HX pacnOJIO)l{eHbl
He60JIbWOH MOIll,HOCTH BepXHeMeJIOBbIe, 3aTeM lJaCTHlJHO HapoBCKO-n5!p-
HycKHe H lJaCTHlJHO BepxHe-cpe.n.HeIOpcKHe H KeM6pHHcKHe BO.n.OHOCHbIe
OTJIO)l{eHHH, KpOMe YlJaCTKa Ha IOre no.n.paHoHa, r.n.e BbIXO.n.HT OTJIO)l{eHH5!
npoTep0305!. KeM6pHHcKHe OTJIO)l{eHH5I norpY)l{aIOTC5! Ha BOCTOK no)], cpe)],-
He)],eBOHCKHe OTJIO)l{eHH5! 11 Ha 3ana)], no)], BepxHeMe.10Bble. B 6acceuHax
3T11X peK nO)],3eMHblH CTOK YCHJIHBaeTCH Ha YlJaCTKaX paHHelJeTBepTH
HblX
)],OJ1HH, HMelOIlI,HX OTMeTKH )],0 -20 At. MOW,HOCTb 30Hbl JlpeHHpOBaHH.51




rH
POfEO
OrHqECKHE $AKTOPH


51


YMeHblllaeTCH no CpaBHeHJIJO C nepBbIM no
paHOHOM
o 300-200 M (D 2 -
Cm!). Da
eHlJe OTMeTOK rlJ
pOlJ30rrbe3 3)],eCb HeCKOJIbKO MeHbllle, qeM
B nepBoM no
paHoHe,-oT 200-180 M Ha 3ana)],e )],0 150-140 M Ha BO-
CTOKe B
OJIIJIHe Eepe3lJHbI.
BOCTOlIHbIH no)],paHoH (II B) rro reO
OrHlIeCKOMY CTpOeHJHO HeCKOJ!bKO
OTJIH'-IaeTC5J OT
pyrlJx rro)],paHOHOB TeM, lITO, 3)],eCb KpOMe lIeTBepTlJlIHbIX
BO)],OHOCHbIX OTJIO)l{eHlJll «50-100 M) H BepXHeMeJIOBbIX
peHlJpyeTC5I
'-IaCTW-IHO lOpCKHH BO)],OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC, BCKpblBaeMbIH !fa HeKOTopbIX
YIIacTKax peKaMIJ ,D,HenpoM, CO)l{eM, a Ha 3ana)],e paHoHa lllBeHToHcKo-Tap-
TYCKHU, BCKpbIBaeMbiu ,D,HenpoM. HapoBcKlJe H KeM6pHHCKIJe BO
OHOCHbJe
OTJIO)KeHIJ5J nOJIoro norPY)l{aIOTC5I B CTOPOHY OplllaHcKoH Bna
HHbI no]!,
MOW,HbIH Bo)],oynop 11 BbIXO)],5IT 113 ccpepbJ )],peHl1pOBaHI15I peKaMH. Molli,-
HOCTb BepXHeMeJIOBbIX BOAOHOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB, OCHOB1HbIX B cpOpMHpOBa-
HI1I1 nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa B peKI1, a TaK)l{e rreCTporo rro Bo)],006HJIbHOCTH
lOpCKoro BO)],OHOCHoro KOMrr
eKca YBeJIl1lIHBaeTCR TaK)l{e Ha BOCTOKe paH-
OHa, '-ITO BJIe'-IeT 3a 0060H YCI1JIeHHOe )J,peHl1pOBaHHe fJIaBHblM 06pa30M
BepXHeMeJIOBbIX OTJIO)l{elfiHU peKaMH. BO)],OHOCHble OTJIO)l{eHI15I 06lli,eH MOlli,-
HOCTblO OKOJIO 150 M )],peHlJpYIOTC5I peKaMI1 ,D,HenpoM, ,D,PYTblO, CO)l{eM,
DpoHeH 11 )],p. B nOH lIaCTIJ 6acceHHa ,D,Herrpa OTMeTKI1 AHI1lli, paHHe1.-JeTBep-
THIIHbIX )J,OJIHH AOCTl1ralOT -28 M. fl1)],p0l130nbe3bI CHI1)l{alOTC5I OT 200-
170 M Ha ceBepo-BocToKe )],0 140--130 M Ha lOre B )],OJII1He ,D,Herrpa.
PauoH III - IO)KHbIU ('I.eTBepTH'lHO-HeOreHOBO-naJleOreHOBb[u). IO)l{HbIH
rl1)],poreoJIOrl1'-IeCKHH paHoH Ha TeppHTOpl1!1 6eJIOpyccI1H no)],pa3)],eJIeH Ha.
n5!Tb rro)],paHoHoB.
CeBepo-3arra)],HbIH no)],paHOH (IlIA) OTJIWlaeTCR CJIO)l{HbIM reOJIOrHIIe-
CKI1M CTpOeHl1eM 30HbI ApeHHpOBaHIJR, IJMelOw,eH MOIl\HOCTb 150-300 M.
B cpe)],HeH lIaCTH no)],paHoHa peKaMI1 llJ,apoH 11 3e,TIbB5!HKOH BCKpblBaIOTC5!
If )],peHHpYlOTC5! npelJMYIl\ecTBeHHo BepXHeMeJIOBble OT JIO)l{eHH5!, MOIl1!HOCTb
KOTOpbIX YBeJIl1lII1BaeTC5! Ha 3ana)],e. PeKaMI1 llJ,apoH, 3eJIbB5!HKOH, fpHB)],OH
If )J,pynIMIJ nOJIHOCTblO )],peHHpYlOTCR Ha)],MopeHHble H Me)l{MOpeHHble MOC-
KOBcKo-)],HenpOBCKI1H 11 AHenpoBcKo-6epe3HHCKI1H BO)],OHOCHble ropl130iHTbI
(MOlli,HOCTb Q 50-100-150 11 > 150 M Ha 3ana)],e), HeoreHOBO-naJIeore-
HOBbIH BO)],OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC, a Ha 3arra)],e )],onOJIHI1TeJ!bHO lOpCKHH BO)],O-
HOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC. OTMeTKI1 rH)],p0l130nbe3 na)],alOT OT >200-180 .M Ha
3arra)],e H BOCTOKe .II:O 140-130 JI Ha ceBepe B )],OJIIfIHe llJ,apbJ.
Y CJIOBI1R )],peHl1pOBaHH5I B 3ana)J,HOM nOApaHoHe (III B) OT.JIl1lIaIOTC5I
TeM, lITO 3)],eCb nOJIHOCTblO )],peHl1pYIOTC5I peKaMI1 EyroM,
yxaBlI,OM, JIec-
HOH lIeTBepTl1lIHble (aJIJIIOBHaJIbHble 11 cpJIIOBI10rJI5!Ul1aJIbHble) BO)],OHOCHble
OTJIO)l{eHI15! 06lli,eH MOlli,HOCTblO 50-100 11 < 50 M Ha lOre, HeoreHOBo-rra-
.rreoreHOBbIH BO)],OHOCHbIH KOMIIJIel{C, a TaK)l{e BO)],OHOCHble rOpl130HTbf Bepx-
HeMeJIOBbIX 11 1.-JaCTl1lIHO BepxHe- 11 cpe)],HelOpCKI1X OTJIO)l{eHHH, B KOTOpblX
rrpoxO)],I1T rp aHl1ua 30HbI rrpecHblx BO)], (OKOJIO 300 ;11). OT ITOJIeCCKOH ce)],-
JIOBI1HbI BepXHeMeJIOBble OTJIO)l{eHHR, a )],aJ!ee Ha 3ana)],e IOpcKHe OTJIO)l{e-
HHR rrorpY)l{afOTC5I B CTOPOHY 6pecTcKoH BnaAI1HbI. ,D,olIeTBepTl1lIHa5! no-
BepxH,oCTb, TaK )l{e KaK Ii B CMe)l{HOM IIoApaHoHe, OT.1I11lIaeTCR cnoKoHHbIM
peJIbecpoM, KpoMe 6acceuHa JIecHbJ. MaKCI1MaJIbHble OTMeTKI1 rrbe30MeTpl1-
lIeCKOH rrOBepxHocTH nO)],3eMHbJX BO)], )],OCTl1ralOT > 160 M Ha ceBepe 11 rra-
)],alOT )],0 140-130 .lIt B ueHTpe 11 Ha 3ana)],e B )],OJIHHe MyxaBua 11 6yra.
BocTolIHee pacnOJIO)l{eH TpeTI1H rro)],paHoH (IIIB), )],peHHpyeMbfH pe-
KaMH Dpl1n5!TblO, DnHoH, 5IceJI, b)],OH 606p11KOM, CJIYIIbfO, fOpblHblO H p.p.
3)],ecb rrOJIHOCTblO JJ.peHl1pYloTC5! BO)],OHOCHble rOpl130HTbf lIeTBepTHlIHbIX OT-
JIO)l{eHI1H (MOlli,HOCTb < 50-1 00 .M), HeoreHOBO-naJIeoreHOBbIX, BepxHeMe-
JIOBbIX, BCKpbfBaeMbIX peKaMH 606pHKOM IJ 5IceJIb)],oH, 11 lIaCTl1lIHO KeM-
6PHHCKHX, BCKpblBaeMblx p. 606p11KOM, KOTopble cJ!Y)l{aT HI1)l{HeH rpaHHlI,eH
30Hbl )J,peHHpoBaHHH (250-300 .M). OTJIO)l{eHHR BepXHero MeJIa, MOW,HOCTb
KOTOpbIX YBeJIH'-II1BaeTC5! K 3ana)],HOH rpa l HI1lI,e no)],paHOHa, I1HTeHCI1BHO, rro-
4*-




52 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPWI. <1>AKTOPbI, onpE,lJ,. PAcnp. H <1>OPMHP. nO,lJ,3. BO,lJ,


rpY)KaJOTC5I BMeCTe C KeM6pHilcKHMH OT.1IO)KeHH5IMH B CTOPOHY 5pecTCKoH
Bna)],HHbI. Ha BOCTOKe TpeTberO IIo)],palloHa paCIIOJIO)KeHa DOJIeCCKa5I ce)],-
JIOBHHa, OT)],eJI5IJOllJ,a5I ero OT lJ:eTBepToro IIo)],palloHa. OTMeTKH rH)],poH30-
IIbe3 B TpeTbeM IIo)],palloHe YMeHblllaJOTC5I OT 180-170 M Ha ceBepe )],0
140-130 M B lJ,eHTpe H Ha BOCTOKe.
4eTBepTbIll IIo)],paHoH (III r) OTJIHlJ:aeTC5I OT TpeTbero TeM, lJ:TO 3)],eCb
HH)KH5I5I rpaHHlJ,a 30HbI )],peHHpOBaIHH5I (150-200-250 M) npOXO)],HT B lOp-
CKHX BO)],OHOCHbIX OTJIO)KeHH5IX, IIorPY)KalOllJ,HXC5I Ha BOCTOK H Ha lOrO-BO-
CTOK. PeKaMH DpHII5ITblO, DTHlJ:blO, OpeCCOll, MIIIIOll, CTBHrOll, Y60pTblO,
CJIOBelJ:HOll H )],pyrHMH )],peHHpYlOTC5I nOJIHOCTblO aJI,JIlOBHaJIbHbIe H CPJIlO-
BHOrJI5IlJ,HaJIbHbIe BO)],OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI lJ:eTBepTHlJ:HbIX OTJIO)KelHHll 06IlJ,ell
MOIlJ,HOCTblO <50-100 H > 100 M lO)KHee r. M03bIp5I, HeoreHOBO-IIaJIeOre-
HOBbIH BO)],OHOCHbIH NOMnJIeKC, BepXHeMeJIOBOH H IIaCTHqHO lOpCKHll BO)],O-
HOCHbIe KOMIIJIeKCbI, a Ha 3aIIa)],e H Ha lOre IIo)],palloHa )],oKeM6pHHcKHe 06-
pa30Ba1HH5I YKpaHHcKoro MaCCHBa, TpeIlJ,HHHbIe BO)],bI KOTOpbIX cY)],5I IIO
IIbe30MeTpaM HMelOT CTOK K p. DpHII5ITH (BapaBa, 1959; K03JIOB, 1957).
MHHHMaJIbHOe 3HaIIeHHe OTMeTOK rH)],poH30IIbe3 )],OCTHraeT B )],OJIHHe DpH-
n5ITH 120 M.
BOCTOIIHbIll IIo)],palloH (IIP
) )],peHHpyeTC5I peKaMH D.HenpoM, CO)KeM,
5epe3HHoH, Be)],peIIblO, MnYTblO H )],PYrHMH, KOTopbIe IIaCTHIIHo BCKpbIBalOT
BepXHeMeJIOBbIe H BepxHelOpcKHe BO)],OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI. DO)],3eMHbIll CTOK
B peKH YCHJIHBaeTC5I B MeCTax MaKCHMaJIbHOll paCKapCTOBaHHOCTH Mep-
reJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX nopo)], B peIIHbIX )],OJIHHax. MOIlJ,HOCTb 30HbI )],peHHpOBa-
HH5I He IIpeBbIllIaeT 150-200 M. Do )],OJIHHe D.Henpa (PoraIIeB - PeIIHlJ,a)
YCTaHOBJIeH MOIlJ,HbIH pa3MbIB ()],O J 3 ), H MeHee 3HaIIHTeJIbHbIH no )],OJIHHe
CO)Ka ()],O Cr2cm). MOIlJ,IHOCTb IIeTBepTHIIHbIX OTJIO)KeHHll He IIpeBbIllIaeT
50-100 M. OTMeTKH rH)],pOH30IIbe3 HMelOT B 3TOM IIo)],palloHe HaH60JIee
HH3Koe 3HaIIeHHe (150-140 M Ha BOCTOKe H 130-110 M B lJ,eHTpe H Ha
lOre B )],OJIHHe D.HeIIpa) .


t:POp.MUp08aH.Ue n003e.MH.OZO cm01W 8 peKU


B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT H3MeHeHH5I IIpHpO)J,H
X YCJIOBHH oT)],eJIbH
X pallO-
HOB 5CCP 3aKoHoMepHo H3MeH5IlOTC5I BeJIHIIHHa H pe)KHM IIO)],3eMHoro
CTOKa B peKH. D03TOMY nO)],3eMHbIH CTOK 5IBJI5IeTC5I OCHOBHbIM KpHTepHeM
BO)],Horo pe)KHMi. Ha TeppHTopHH peIIHoro 6accellHa HJIH ero IIaCTH. Do)],
BJIH5IHHeM MeCTHbIX oc06eHHocTell - reoMopcpOJIOrHIIeCKHx, reOJIOrHIIeCKHX,
rH)],porpacpHIIecKHx H )],p. - O)],HH H Te )Ke 30HaJIbHbIe KJIHMaTHIIeCKHe cpaK-
TOpbI IIO-pa3JIHIIHoMY BJIH5IlOT Ha Xo)], H3MeHeHHH IIO)],3eMHoro CTOKa IIO ce-
30HaM ro)],a H B MHoroJIeTHHX nepHo)],ax. D.peHa)K peKaMH npoHcxo)J,HT rrpH
BOCXO)],5IllJ,eM )],BH)KeHHH nO)],3eMHbIX BO)], He TOJIbKO B npe)],eJIax rJIy6HHbI
PYCJIOBOll 3p03HH H rJIy6HHbI 3aJIeraHH5I rrepBbIX BO)],OYIIOPOB, HO H HH)Ke
HX, TeM 60JIee, IITO Ha 60JIbiliell IIaCTH 5eJIOPYCCHH perHOHaJIbHO BbI)],ep-
)KaHHbIX BO)J,0YIIOPOB HeT, a BepXHHe MeCTHbIe BO)],0YIIOPbI (glQ, N, Cr2
H )J,p.) IIaCTO pa3MbITbI HJIH oneCIIaHeHbI H )],OJI)KHbI 6bITb OTHeceHbI K KaTe-
ropHH OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX Bo)],oyrropOB.
Do YCJIOBH5IM )],peHHpOBaHH5I peKaMH IIeTBepTHqHbIX H )],eBOHCKHX OT-
JIO)KeHHll B 6accellHe 3an. D.BHHbI YCTaHOBJIeHa MOill,HOCTb CcpOpMHpoBaB-
llIeHC5I B pe3YJIbTaTe IIOCJIe)],Hero IIpoMbIBaHH5I 30HbI IIpecHbIx BO)], (JIaB-
pOB, 3eKlJ,ep, 1963). fJIy6HHa IIpoMbIBaHH5I cooTBeTcTByeT IIOJIO)KeHHlO 6a-
3HCOB IIO)],3eMHoro CTOKa B peIIHbIx H MOpCKHX Bo)],oeMaX. 3Ta 3aKoHoMep-
HOCTb pacIIpOCTpaH5IeTC5I H Ha )],pyrHe 6aCCeHHbI.
HaH60JIee aKTHBHO IIo)],3eMiHbIll CTOK IIpOTeKaeT B BepxHell IIaCTH 30HbI
)],peHHpOBaHH5I, B ropH30HTax rpYHToB
X BO)], KaHH030HCKHX H IIaCTHIIHO
Me3030llcKHX OTJIO)KeHHH, CTOK B KOTOpbIX cpopMHpyeTC5I IIO)], HeIIocpe)],cT-




rH)],PorEOJlOrW-IEGI<HE <t>AI<TOPbl


53


BeHHblM B03)],eikTBHeM K.'1HMaTWleCKHX cpaKTOpOB. B pe3YJlbTaTe rJly60KoH
HHcpHJlbTpalJ,HH H3 30HbI rpYHTOBblX BO)], B HH)l{eJle)l{aIll,He BO)],OHOCHbIe ro-
pH30HTbI Me)l{MOpeHiHbIX OTJlO)l{eHHH, a TaK)l{e B naJleOreHOBble, BepXHeMe"
JlOBbIe, BepXHe)],eBOHCKHe H cpe)],He)],eBOHCKHe BO)],OHOCHble OTJIO)l{eHH5I, a lJa-
CTHlJHO B BepXHe-cpe)],HelOpCKHe H KeM6pHHCKHe BO)],OHOCHbIe OTJlO)l{eHHH cpop-
MHpyeTcH 60Jlee r Jly60KHH nO)],3eMHbIH CTOK B peKH. DpH 3TOM BeJlHlJHHa
rH)],paBJlHlJeCKOrO rpa)],HeHTa, onpe)],eJlHIOIlI,erO CTOK, HapaCTaeT OT Bo)],opa3-
)],eJlbIHbIX nJlOIll,a)],eH nHTaHHH K PyCJIaM peK. l1.peHHpoBaHHe rJly60KHX BO-
)],OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB Ha TeppHTopHH 5eJlOPYCCHH TeCHO CB5I3aHO C HaJlH-
lJHeM naJleOrH)],porpacpHlJeCKOH ceTH (lJ,aneHKo, llleB5IKoB, MaH)],ep, 1961),
C KOTOpOH coe)],HHeHbI KOJlJleKTOpbI CTOKa KaK B lJeTBepTHlJHOM nOKpoBe,
TaK H B TOJlIll,aX nopo)], BepxHero MeJla, BepxHero H cpe.LIiHero .LI.eBOHa H T..LI..
DO.LI.3eMHbIH CTOK B peKH onpe)],eJlHJlCH cnoc060M reHeTHlJeCKOrO pac-
lJ.1JeHeHHH rH)],porpacpOB peK no 5. 11. Ky)],eJlHHY (1960).
BeJlHlJHHbl nO.LI.3eMHOH COCTaBJl5IIOIlI,eH 06Il1,ero pelJHOrO CTOKa TeppHTo-
pHH 5eJlOpyccHH nOJlYlJeHbI Ha OCHOBe THnOBbIX cxeM .LI.pemlpOBaHH5I (no
11. C. 3eKlJ,epy H A. D. naBpoBY) B fOCY.LI.apCTBeHHoM rH.LI.pOJIOrHlJeCKOM
HHcTHTYTe, a no IO)l{HOH lJaCTH pecny6JlHKH, KpoMe 3Toro, B HHcTHTYTe reo-
JlOrHlJeCKHX HaYK AH 5CCP (Ta6JI. 2).
l1.JlH xapaKTepHcTHKH OCHOBHbIX napaMeTpoB nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH
HCnOJlb30BaHbI Cpe.LI.HHe MHOrOJleTHHe .LI.aHHbIe. HaH60Jlee .LI.JlHHHbIe p5I.LI.bI
Ha6JlIO.LI.eHHH YCTaHOBJleHbI B 6acceHHe 3an. l1.BHIHbI no nocTY r. BHTe6cKa
3a 78 JleT, B 6acceHHe HeM aHa no noCTY r. CTOJl6lJ,bI 3a 26 JleT H r. fpO.LI.HO
3a 30 JleT, B 6acceHHe l1.Henpa no nocTY r. Opllm 3a 63 rO.LI.a, B 6acceHHe
CO)l{a no noCTY r. CJlaBrOpO.LI.a 3a 57 JleT, B 6acceHHe DpHnHTH no noCTY
r. M03bIp5I 3a 71 ro.LI., nYlJHlJ,bI 3a 51 ro.LI. H T. )],. DO.LI.3eMHbIH CTOK no no-
CTaM C KOpOTKHMH pH.LI.aMH Ha6JlIO.LI.eHHH (3-10 JleT) npHBO.LI.HJlCH B lJaCTH
6acceHHoB K MHOrOJleTHeMy nepHo)],y nYTeM YCTaHOBJleHHH rpacpHlJeCIWH
CB5I3H nO.LI.3eMHOro CTOI<a C 06Il1,HM CTOKOM H nO.LI.3eMHOro CTOKa npHBO)],H-
Moro nOCTa C nO.LI.3eMHbIM CTOKOM )],.1JHHHopH)],Horo nYHKTa aHaJlOra.
DOJlYlJeHHbIe BeJlHlJHHbI COnOCTaBJlHJlHCb C paClJeTHbIMH 3HalJeHHHMJ1,
nOJlYlJeHrHbIMJ1 aHaJlJ1THlJeCKJ1M cnoc060M lJepe3 nepeXO.LI.HbIe K03cpcpJ1lJ,J1eHTbI
06Il1,ero J1 nO.LI.3eMHOro CTOKOB. C pe.LI.HJ1e .LI.aHHbIe .LI.Jl5I nepJ10.LI.OB 5-6 JIeT
OTJIJ1lJaIOTCR OT Cpe.LI.HHX no .LI.aHHbIM 3a nepHO.LI. >10 JIeT Ha 10%. l1.aHHbIe
no nOCTaM C nepHO.LI.OM Ha6JIIO.LI.eHHH 1-3 rO.LI.a 6b!J1H HCnOJIb30BaHbI KaK
BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIe CBe.LI.eHHH. DpH nocTpoeHHH KapT nO.LI.3eMHOro CTOKa 3a
OCHOBY npHrHHMaJIHCb .LI.aHHbIe, nOJIYlJeHHbIe B pe3YJIbTaTe paClJJleHeHH5I rH-
)],porpacpoB peK no nOCTaM, OXBaTbIBalOIlI,HM nJIOIll,a)],b OT 500 .LI.O 50000 KM 2 .
l1.aHHbIe no nOCTaM C MeHbilleH HJlH 60JlbilleH nJIOIll,a.LI.blO 6acceHHa HcnOJ'Ib-
30BaJlHCb KaK BcnOMOraTeJIbHble.
OxapaKTepH30BaTb 3aKOHOMepHOCTH cpOpMHpoBaHHH nO)],3eMHorOCTOKa
B peKH Ha TaKOH C.1JO)l{HOH no reOJIOrHlJeCKHM H JIaH)],IllacpTI-lbIM YCJIOBHHM
TeppHTopHH, KaK 5eJIOPYCCH5I, nOKa MO)l{HO TOJIbKO B BH.LI.e CXeMaTHlJeCKHX
KapT.
1130JIHHHH Cpe.LI.HerO.LI.OBbIX MO.LI.YJIeH nO.LI.3eMHOro CTOKa (CM. pHC. 9)
nOKa3bIBa1OT, lJTO HaHOOJIee BbICOKHe 3:HalJeHH5I MO.LI.YJI5I nO.LI.3eMHOro CTOKa
npHYPOlJeHbI K lJ,eHTpaJIbHOH, HaH60JIee BbICOKOH, XOpOlliO )],peHHPyeMoH pe-
KaMH lJaCTH TeppHTopHH 5eJIOPyccHH (paHoHbl 5aJITHHCKO-4epHoMopCKOH BO-
)],opa3)],eJIbHOH nOJlOCbI), B 6acceHHe 5epe3HHbI, oc06eHHo B Cpe.LI.HeH lJaCTH
(6acceHH CBHCJIOlJH) H Ha 3ana.LI.e B 6acceHHe HeMaHa (3,5-4,0 A/ceK/KM 2
H 60Jlee). 3HalJHTeJIbHaR BeJIHlJHHa MO.LI.YJIH YCTaHOBJIeHa TaK)l{e Ha CKJIO-
Hax ceBepHoH 06JlaCTH nHTaHHR B npaB06epe)l{HOH lJaCTH 6acceHHa 3an.
l1.BHHbI (OT 2,0-2,5 )],0 3,5-4,0 A/ceK/KM 2 . 3aKoHoMepHoe YMeHbIlleHHe MO-
)],YJIeH nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa Ha6JIIO)],aeTcH Ha lOre pecny6JIHKH B DOJIeCbe (OT
2,5-2,0 /1;0 1,5-1,0 H )],a)l{e )],0 1,0 AJceK/KM 2 ). HH3KHM MO)],YJleM nO)],3eM-




54 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPl1'-l, <l>AI<TOPbl, OnPE.IJ.. PACnp. H <l>OPMHP. nO.IJ.3. BO,IJ;


Ta6JIIIl\a 2
OCHOBHhre CBep:eHIHr 0 nop:3eMHO 1\'1 CTOKe B peKH 6CCP*


nOll:3eMHbHf CTOK 0
",. '-
0'
° ",>0
;; ... .
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u " . 'of?.
; "! "'...
PeKa CTBOp ':S::..Q
 ;;" '" MO
F,


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o
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>0 '" " "," ° m<l) 1::"',-
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o

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c:" :;
 u "''''


6accetiH 6aJlTHticKoro MOpS!:
EaccewH 3 a 11. lIBHHbl
3al1. LJ:BHHa BHTe6cK 27 300 8,37 2,26 71 12,0 27,8
3an. ]J,BHHa ITOJIOL\K 41 700 2,3 72 12
KaCI1JIH J1eHHHo 4940 7,7 2,0 62 12 26
.TIY)Kec5IHKa 60pKOBO 400 6,8 3,1 97 18 46
BHTb6a CKYJIOB!JlJH 107 7,7 1,6 50 21
JIytJeca J1ycKBHHOnOJIb 3120 6,2 1,5 47 7 25
PYlJew CeHHo 36 5,8 2,6 82 47
YJIJIa J1eneJIb 1330 7,8 4,2 1.'32 20 55
YJIJIa ITpOMblCJIbi 3330 6,0 2,1 68 11 38
3cca rO)J.!JBJlH 530 7,6 3,7 116 17 49
Y cbBH)K-BYK 3araTbe 227 7,2 2,4 74 12 34
060JIb JIOMOHOCOBO 395 6,1 2,2 71 38
060Jlb J1eBuIH 2520 9,8 2,9 92 15 30
110JloTa HHKOBO 1 618 7,4 2,7 86 15 39
Ha'Ja rOpOBL\bl 212 6,7 2,1 65 11 33
LJ:IICHa ill apKOBw.lIfia 4540 7,0 2,2 70 12 33
MH.ll.eJlKa PycaKH 431 9,7 3,2 100 14 37
BepL\OBKa CayrKII 654 6,0 1,2 37 7 23
IIp!Jcca LJ:eMexH 1810 8,9 4,0 126 20 45
lIpHcca BOJIbJHl\bl 4800 - 3,6 115 20 41
CBOJIbHa nOJlb3!JHO 1460 7,2 3,6 113 20 50
EaccewH HeM aHa
HeMaH CTOJI6L\bl 3070 6,2 2,0 63 10 32
HeMaH BeJIlIqa 16700 7,0 3,2 101 17 47
HeMaH rpOAHO 33 600 6,5 3,1 97 16 48
Eepe3l1Ha HepoBbi 1070 6,6 3,8 119 19 58
raBbH J1y6l1HaTa 920 9,3 6,1 192 31 66
]J,HrBa ITopelJaHbl 810 7,1 1,6 51 23
illapa BeJI. BOJI5I 6460 4,7 2,5 78 13 50
3eJibBSlHKa 3eJIbBa 1230 5,0 2,9 91 15 61
3eJIbBSlHKa ITecK!J 1 800 6,0 2,8 90 15 52
CBHCJIOlJb Cyx. 1l0JIlIHa 1720 4,3 2,9 92 15 58
K01pa Korpa 1870 6,1 2,1 66 11 36
BIIJiHSI CTellIHL\bI 1230 7,0 3,6 115 20 54
BIIJiHSI BHJIeHKa 4190 7,2 3,0 93 16 42
BlIJiH5I 3aJieCbe 6840 7,4 3,4 106 18 46
BHJIH5I MHXaJIHIllKH 10 300 7,1 3,4 106 18 48
HapoBb HapotJb 1440 7,2 3,6 114 20 51
OllIMHHKa BeJi. 5h.(blHbI 1490 8,2 4,6 146 25 57
BacceHH Byra
PbIT3 ! MaJI. Pal\BaH!JtJ!J ! 1640 I 2,9 (>0,5 ! 16 I 3 ! 21
JlecHa 3aMocTbI 1840 4,6 0,9 29 5 20
* Ta6mlU:a COCTaBJIeHa 110 Marep!JaJi3M r ocy )J.apcrBeHHoro rll)J.pOJIorlllJeCKOrO HH-
CTHTYTa (0. B. 110110B, E. B. 51KYllieBa, 11. IT. He60)KeBa) II l1HcTIITYTa reOJIOrlllJeCKIIX
HaYK AH BCCP (A. IT. J1a8poB).





HAPorE0J10rHqEOKHE
AKTOP



55


ITpO)J.omKeHHe Ta6J\. 2


nO.1I.3eMHbIH CTQK 0
:i ...,
0 0<0
.Ii ,... -"
o
.
 .Q


* "'....
PeKa CTBOp :; "'.,
 ,"0
" "''''- "'- -&- '"
" »" »'" '''' -&
 0"'0
o
 \OI'::[
 ",'> 0 ",,,, t::"'...
"'
 0'::' 0",
o
-.;: '" 0'"
t;"
t::.,
'" u ",::r


EaccefiH qepHoro MOpH
BacceHH LJ:Herrpa
l1.Hen p OpIlla 18000 7,9 1,6 51 9 20
IlHenp MOrHJ\eB 20 800 7,1 2,2 68 12 31
IlHel1p )/{J\06HH 30 300 5,8 1,9 61 11 32
IlpYTb PYMOK 4650 6,3 3,0 95 17 50
BacceHH nepe3IJHbi
Bepe3HHa JpHCOB 5690 6,8 3,3 103 16 49
nepe3HHa J6PYHCK 20 200 5,8 2,5 78 14 44
Bepe3HHa I aTHJ\KH 23 300 5,3 3,2 102 18 61
Bo6p ITbmeHKa 2150 6,6 4,2 132 21 64
CBI1CJ10tJb !petJbe 596 7,3 3,4 106 19 41
CIillC.l0'lb I1HCK 767 6,3 4,2 132 23 67
CBHCJlO'lb f
pe6YTbl 4050 6,2 2,4 75 40
BacceHH BeJ.\petJb
Be)J.peqb Ba6HtJIJ 438 \ 4,0 1,2 37 7 33
Be,T\peqb IleMexH 1010 4,0 1,1 34 6 35
BacceHH Coma
CO)K YCKOCbI 2600 6,0 2,4 76 41
CO1\{ CJ\aBfopo)J. 17 700 6,2 3,0 93 16 48
Com fOMeJIb 38 860 2,5 79 14 44
BHxpa KYPOBHqlf 2160 6,2 2,3 73 13 40
[1POHSI fOpKH 171 6,8 1,1 34 6 17
PecTa JlonaTHQH 1260 5,8 1,6 52 38
Y3a ITpH6ap 680 3,9 1,2 35 32
/)
BacceHH [1 p If 11 SI T If
TIpHI15ITb Kop06bI 35 700 2,7 0,8 27 5 32
ITpHn5ITb TypoB 71 400 3,0 1,4 43 7 47
ITpHI15!Tb M03bIpb 97 200 3,8 1,4 43 8 38
5Jce.1b)J.a 6e3e3a 916 5,6 1,6 51 10 29
)!ceJIb)J.a CeHIJH 5110 .3,2 1,0 31 6 32
B06pHK ITapaxoHcK 1450 4,0 1,0 30 6 25
liHa Il5ITJIOBHtJH 969 4,1 1,1 35 6 32
rOpblHb fOpbIHb 27 000 2,8 0,9 28 5 34
BepemaHKa PY.I\HSI 187 4,1 0,7 21 18
JlaHb JlOKTblwH 878 4,1 1,0 32 28
CJIYtJb HOBO)J.30pIJ,bl 813 4,8 1,2 38 28
CJIYtJb JleHI1H 4210 3,2 2,4 68 11 32
Y 60pTb KapTbIHHqH 4490 3,4 1,0 30 32
Y 60pTb 3JlO,T\lfH 5260 3,2 0,7 23 4 26
ITTHtJb JleIJ,KOBw.HHa 175 6,8 3,8 114 19 59
fhHtJb PycaKoBHtJH 818 6,1 3,1 86 17 48
ITTHtJb K pblH Ka 2010 4,4 2,0 61 11 41
ITTHqb JlyqHIJ,bI 8770 5,0 1,6 48 9 35
Dpecca JllOoaHb 1290 4,7 1,9 .58 10 41
Opecca AH)J.peeBKa 3580 4,4 1,8 59 10 46
11l1l1a KpOTOB 909 5,5 2,1 67 13 41
BHTb £OPHCOBW. HHa 782 2,6 >0,5 16 3 24
CJIOBe'lHO KY3bMHtJH 914 3,5 0,9 29 5 30




56 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPWI. <I>AKTOPbI. onPE.lt PAcnp. H <I>OPMHP. nO.D:3. BO.D:


Horo CTOKa xapaKTepH3yeTcH lJ,eHTpaJIbHaH lJaCTb 6accelIHa f1pHnHTH, HH-
30BbH 5epe3HHbI H 6acceHH MyxaBlJ,a.
J],J1H Bcex peqHbIX 6acceHHoB H rH.D:poreOJIOrHqeCKHX paHoHoB 5CCP
onpe.lJ.e.rIeHbI MHHHMaJIbHbIe MO.D:YJIH nO.D:3eMHOro CTOKa. OHH CJIY)KaT xa-
paKTepHcTHKOH HaH60JIee BbICOKOH. MHOrOJIeTHeH. 06ecneqeHHOCTH nO.D:3eM-
Horo CTOKa. B 6aCCeH.He 3an. J],BHHbI OTHOllIeHHe MHHHMaJIbHbIX MO.D:YJIea
K Cpe.D:HerO.D:OBbIM COCTaBJIHeT 1'OJIbKO 28 %, B 6aCCeH.He HeMaHa -.D:O 54 %,
B 6acceHHe COJKa-60%, B 6acceHHe f1pHnHTH-65% H Hau60JIee BbICO.
l\Oro 3HaqeHHH .D:OCTHraeT B 6acceHHax 5epe3HHbi H J],Henpa - 89 % *.
3aKoHoMepHocTH
OpMHpoBaHHH nO.D:3eMHoro CTOKa B pa3JIHlJHWX lJa-
CTHX TeppHTopHH 5CCP BH.D:HbI TaKJKe H3 oc06eHHOCTeH. pacnpe.D:eJIeHHH
cpe.D:Hero rO.D:OBOrO CJIOH CTOKa (B MHJIJIHMeTpax B 6acceHHax peK (pHC_
10). HaHOOJIee 6JIarOnpHHTHbIe YCJIOBHH
cipMHpOBaHHH nO.D:3eMHoro CTOK3
HMelOTCH Ha BO.D:Opa3.D:eJIbHhIX B03BblllIeHHocTHX, B BepxoBbHX peK 5epe-
3HHbl, CBHCJIOqH, Y JIJIbI, BHJIHH, HeMaHa (> 120 H 120-110 MM). 50.%-
1lI0H. CJIOH. CTOKa (120-110 MM) YCTaHOBJIeH Ha nJIow,aW1 HeBeJIbCKO- r 0-
pO.D:OKCKOH B03BbIllIeHHOCTH B BepxoBbHX peK J],PHCCbI, CBO.rIbHbI H .D:p. 3aKO-
HOMepHO YXY.D:llIalOTCH YCJIOBHH
OpMHpOBaHHH nO.D:3e'\1Horo CTOKa Ha paB-
HHHax, oc06eHHO H3 3360JIolJeHHbIX nJIOlll,a.D:HX f10JIeCbH, r.D:e CJIOH CTOK3
.D:OCTHraeT HaH60JIee HH3KHX 3HaqeHHH. lJ,JIH BceH TeppHTopHH pecny6JIHKH
(30-20 H <20 MM).
K.03
cpHlJ,HeHTbI TIOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa YMeHbllialOTCH aT 20-16 % B lJ,eH'
TpaJ'IbHOH H ceBepHOH qaCTRX 5eJIOpYCCHH JJ.O 8-4 % B lOJKHOH. qaCTH, Ha
nJIOw,aJJ.H f1 OJIeCbH.
Oc06eHHocTH nOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa, CBOH.CTBeHHbIe YCJIOBHHl\1 5e.rIOPyccHH,.
3aKJIlOqalOTCH B 3aKoHoMepHoM H3MeHeHHH JJ.OJIH nOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa B 06-
llI,eM (cYMMapHoM) CTOKe B pa3JIHQHbIX peQHbIX 6acceHHax, T. e. H3MeHe-
HHH HHTeHCHBHOCTH JJ.peHHpoB3HHH BOJJ.OHOCHWX KOMnJIeKCOB rHJJ.porpa
H-
QeCKOH. ceTblO.
Ha cXeMaTHQeCKOH. KapTe pacnpeJJ.eJIeHHH BeJII1lJHHbI OTHOllIeHHH noJJ.-
3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH K 061l1,eMY CTOKy (pHC. 11) BbIHBJIeHa nOJIoca HaH-
60JIbllIHX 3Ha QeHHH 3'J10ro OTHOllIeHl1H (> 50%), npOTHrI1BalOw,aHcH 01' J],He-.
npa Qepe3 cpeJJ.HlOlO QaCTb 6acceHHa 5epe3HHbI B 6accelm HeMaHa. K. ce-
Bepy, lOry H BOCTOKY npOlJ,eHT nOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa CHHJKaeTCH aT 30-40 JJ.O'
20-30, a B npaB06epeJKHOH. lJaCTH 6aCCeH.'Ha 3an. J],BHHbI B03pacTaeT JJ.O
40-50 H >50. HaHMeHblliHe 3HalJeHHH JJ.OJ1H nOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa YCTaHoB-
/leHbI B IloJIecbe (20-30%) H B BepXOBbHX f1pOHH (10-20%).
06eCneQeHHOCTb nOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa onpeJJ.eJIHeTCH 3HalJeHHHMH K03
q)H-
lJ,HeHTa BapHalJ,HII C", KOTopbIe paBHbI B 6aCCeH.He 3an. J],BHHbI 0,20-
0,27 M, B 6aCCeH.He HeMaHa 0,13-0,20 M, B 6aCCeH.He 5epe3HHbI, J],Henpa,
COJKa 0,12-0,33 (JJ.0 0,40 M) H B 6aCCeH.He IlpHnHTH 0,14-0,48 M.
Ha CTeneHb TOlJHOCTH onpeJJ.eJIeHHH. nOJJ.3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH BJIHHIOT
(HcK3JKalOT) eCTeCTBeHHaH HJIH HCKyccTBeHHaH 3aperYJIHpOBaHHocTb no-
BepxHocTHbIX BOJJ. - HaJIHlJHe BOJJ.oxpaHHJIHw" KpynHbIx 03ep, rHJJ.poTexHH-'
QeCKHX MeJIHOpaTHBHbIX cooPYJKeHHH. H T. n.


BOOH.ooa./laH.C06ble pacttembl l./lYOOKOlO n003e.MH.OlO cmOKa


OnpeJJ.eJIeHHe BeJIHlJHHbI aTMoc
epHoro (HH
HJIbTpalJ,HOHHoro} nHTa-
HHH nOJJ.3eMHbIX BOJJ. npOH3BeJJ.eHo HaMH nyTeM BOJJ.H06aJlaHcoBbIX paCQe-
TaB C YlJeTOM npHpOJJ.HbIX oc06eHHOCTeH. OTJJ.eJIbHbIX 6aJIaHCOBbIX YlJaCTKOB,.
BbIJJ.eJIHeMbIX Ha TeppHTopHH 5eJIOPYCCHH.


* MHOrOJIeTHlIe aMnJII1Ty.n;bI KOJIe6aHI1H MO.n;YJI5I 110.n;3eMHoro crOKa peKI! (B A/ceK/KAt 2 ),
cocraBJ15IIOT B 6acceHHe 3al1. LJ:BI1HbI 0,72-2,77 A/ceK/KM 2 , B 6acceHHe p. HeMaHa 0,2-
2,73, B 6acceHHe Bepe3I1HbI 1,16-2,77, B 6acceHHe p. ITpI1nJlTI1 0,48-3,34 A/ceK/KM 2 .




58 OCROBR. ECTECTB.-HCTOPJ.TlJ. <l>AI\TOPbJ, OnPEL\ PAcnp. H <l>OPMHP. nOL\3. BOL\


\
I1CXOL\HM H3 Toro nOJIo.m:eHHH, LJTO B pe3YJIbTaTe HIH(jJHJIbTpall,HOHHO-
KOHL\eHCall,llOHHoro nocTyn
eHH
 aTMoc
epHoH BOL\N B nOL\3eMHY
 rHL\pO-
{:
epy, npOHCXOL\HT npeIKL\e Bcero B0306HOBJIeHHe nOL\3eMHbJX BOL\ 30HbI
HHTeHCHBHoro BO,IJ,006MeHa. DpHHHTO ClJHTaTb, lJTO 3Ta Be
HlJHHa 3KBHBa-
AeH
Ha
0L\3eMHoMy CTOKY B peKH, Ha OCHOBaHHH lJero 30Ha HHTeHCHBHoro
BOL\006MeHa ITo MOliLHOCTH COOTBeTCTBeHHO npHpaBHHBaeTcH K 30He L\peHH-
pOBaHHH BepxHHx BOL\OHOCHbJX ropH30HTOB H HX KOMn
eKCOB peKaMH. reM-
nbI HHTeHCHBHoro BOL\006MeHa HClJHC
H
TCH COTHHMH
eT.
Do ypaBHeHH
 BOL\HOrO 6aJIaHCa MOIKeT 6bITb onpeL\e
eHa Be.TJHlJHHa
HH
H
bTpall,HH aTMoc
epHbIx BOL\ (MeTeOpH0I10 cToKa), HL\YliLaH Ha B0306-
HOB
eHlle nOL\3eMHbIX BO,IJ, 30Hbl r
y60Koro CTOKa - HHIKe L\peHHpY
liLero
B03L\eHCTBH
 rHL\pOrpa
HLJeCKOH ceTH HJIH B 30HY 3aMeL\JIeHHOrO BOJ],006-
MeHa. ATMoC
epHbJe BOL\bI, nOCTyna
liLHe B BOL\OHOCHble ropH30HTbI HHIKe
30HbI L\peHHpOBaHHH, nO-BHL\HMOMY, nepepacnpeL\eml
TCH MeIKL\Y BOL\OHOC-
HNMH KOMn
eKcaMH npOnOpll,HOHanbHo CKOpOCTH ,IJ,BHIKeHHH B HHX BO,IJ,N.
. TeMnbI BOL\006MeHa B 30He rny60Koro CTOKa, HanpaBneHHoro B rny60KHe
TeKTOHHLJeCKHe BnaL\HHN, MorYT L\OCTHraTb L\eCHTKOB H COTeH TNCHlJeneTHH.
fHL\pOreOnOrHlJeCKaH HHTepnpeTall,H5I BOL\HOrO 6a.TJaHCa pelJHbIX H apTe-
3HaHCKHX 6acceHHoB BnepBble L\aHa B TpYL\aX 13. H. KY,IJ,enHHa (1960), a
L\nH ycnoBHH DeJIopyccHH npHMeHeHa A. D. J1aBpoBbIM (1962).
DpeL\BapHTenbHble cYIKL\eHHH 0 CpeL\HeM BOL\HOM 6a
aHce nOM eliLeH bI
B pa60Tax A. D. JIaBpoBa, H. C. 3eKu,epa (no 6acceHHY 3an. )J,BHHbl) H
A n. J1aBpoBa, A. n. BaXOBCKoro (no 6acceHHY CBHCJIOlJH).
HacTo
UJ,aH pa60Ta HBn
eTCH nepBoH nOnbITKOH onpeL\eneHHH aTMO-
c
epHoro nHTaHHH nOL\3eMHbIX BOL\ no CpeL\HeMY MHoroneTHeMy BOL\HOMY
'6anaHcy TeppHTopHH BceH BenopyccHH. )J,nH 3TOH u,enH KpOMe YKa3aHIIbIX
Bblwe pa60T Hcnonb30BaHbI MaTepHanbI rHL\pOMeTcnYIK6bI, I1HcTHTYTa reo-

10rHLJeCKHX HaYK AH BCCP, fOCrHL\pOnOrHLJeCKOrO HHCTHTYTa, a TaKIKe
MaTepHaJIbI BenopyccKOH rHL\poreOnOrHlJeCKOH CTaHll,HH (A. n. BaXOB-
CKHH) .
BenHlJnHa 06Ill,eH HH
HnbTpau,HH. aTMoC
epHbJX BOL\ B nOL\3eMHY
 rH-
L\poc
epy H BenHlJHHa rny60KoH HH
HnbTpau,HH H3 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro
BOL\006MeHa B HHIKeneIKaIll,He BOL\OHOCHble ropY\30HTbJ YCTaHaBnHBa
TCH no
ypaBHeHH



N= V+A+ W,


(1)


a L\nH ylJaCTKOB 3KcnepHMeHTanbHNe HnH paClJeTHNe L\aHHNe 0
aKTHlJe-
'CKOH HH
HnbTpall,HH H L\HCTHnnHll,HH B nOTOK rpYHTOBbIX BOL\ - no ypaBHe-
HH



N= V 1 +A+ W, (2)
npH ycnOBH.H, lJro W = An + W o , rL\e N - cnoH aTMoc
epHblx ocaL\-
KOB; V - cnoH cYMMapHoro llcnapeHH
, onpeL\enHeMOro no paClJeTaM linn
110 HaTypHbIM 3aMepaM; VI - cnOH CYMMapHoro HcnapeHHH, onpeL\en
e-
Moro no pa3HOCTH nYTeM nOL\CTaHOBKH B ypaBHeHHe BenHlJHHbI HHqmnb-
Tpall,HH W npH npeL\nOnOIKeHllH, lJTO 3KcnepHMeHTanbHoe H paClJeTHOe 3Ha-
'-IeHHH CYMMa pHoro Hcna peHHH 3aHHIKa
T nonYlJeHHY
 no pa3HOCTH BenH-
'-IHHy HH
HnbTpall,HH OCaL\KOB, BHL\HMO, H3-3a HeL\OYlJeTa npHXOL\a Ha no-
BepXHOCTb 3eMmr Bcex BHL\OB aTMoc
epHOH BOL\bI - KOHL\eHCall,HOHHOH,
COp6ll,110HHOH H T. lI..; A - CJIOM nOBepXHOCTHoro CTOKa; W - lJaCTb cnOH
MeTeopHoro CTOKa, nOCTYITa
Ill,aH lJepe3 HH
HnbTpall,H
 H L\HCTHnnHu,H

B nOTOK rpYHToBbIX BOL\; An - cnOH nOJ],3eMHoro CTOKa, Hnl1 eCTeCTBeHHble
pecypCbI (B0306HOBneHHe) nO,IJ,3eMHNX BOL\ 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro BOL\006-
MeHa; W o - CJ10H rny60KoH HH
l1nbTpall,HH, Hnl1 eCTeCTBeHHble pecypcbI
(B0306HOB
eHHe) nOL\3eMHbIX BOL\ HHIKe 30HbI L\peHHpOBaHHH (lJaCTb aTMOC-
,<tJepHbIX BOlI., BbI6bIBa
Ill,a
 H3 BOL\006MeHa B 3TOM 6accellHe).





HAPorEOAorHLlEC
HE
AKTOPW


59


BeJIHLlHHa nO.lL3eMHOrO CTOKa Onpe.lLeJI5!.laCb B fOCY.lLapCTBeHHOM fH.lLPO-
.JIOfHLleCKOM HHCTHTYTe (0. B. DonoBa) H B HHCTHTYTe reOJIOf!1rreCI<HX
HaYK AH ECCP (A. D. JlaBpoB) no MeTO.lLY reHeTH4eCKoro paC4.rre-
HeHH5! rH.lLpOrpa<poB o6llLero pe4Horo CTOKa (KY.lLeJIHH, 1960) C y4eTOM fH-
.zr.poreoJIOrHrreCKOro cTpOeHH5! 6acceHHoB.
CYMMapHoe HcnapeHHe C nJIOllLa.lLH pe4Hbix 6acceuHoB BbI4HCJI5!JIOCb
no rrpocb6e HHcTHTYTa reOJIOTHrreCKHX HaYK B EeJIOPyccKOM ynpaBJIeHHH
fH.lLpOMeTCJIY)K6bI (H. T. XMbI3) no rpa<pH4ecKOMY MeT0.lLY E. B. DOJI5!-
KOBa. ,II,JI5! cpaBHeHH5! rrpO.lLeJIaH TaK)Ke pacrreT HcrrapeHl15! no rpa.lLHeHT-
HOMY MeTO.lLY A. P. KOHcTaHTHHoBa, .lLalOllLHH NI5! YCJIOBHU ECCP 3aBbI-
rueHue CJIOH HcnapeHHH B Cpe.lLHeM Ha 30% OT Cpe.lLHfIX paCrreT.HbIX 3Harre-
HHH HcnapeHH5! no E. B. DOJIHKOBY (no OT.lLeJIbHbIM pe4HbIl\l 6acceuHaM
OT 20 .lLO 52 % ) . _
.3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHble Cpe.lLHHe Be.1HrrHHbI HcnapeHHH C rrO'lBbI, IIOJIyrreH-
Hble Ha HcnapHTeJIbHblX YCTaHoBKax EeJIOPyccKOU fHAPOreOJIOrH4eCKoH
CTaHlI.HH B MUHcKe H B DUHcKe, HeCKOJIbKO BblllIe Cpe.lLHHX paCLIeTHbIX Be-
JIH'lHH cYMMapHoTo HcrrapeHH5!, HO He 60JIee rreM Ha 10%.
HCnOJIb30BaHbI TaK)Ke HeMHOr04HCJIeHHble 3KcrrepHMeHTaJlbHble H pac-
4eTHbie BeJIHqHHbI HH<PHJIbTp alI.HH a TMOC<PepHbIX OCa.lLKOB, nOJIY4eHHbie no
6aJIaHcy rpyHToBwx BO.lL MeTO.lLOM KOHerrHWX pa
HocTeH U no JIH3HMeTpaM
EeJIOPyccKOH rH.lLporeOJIOTH4eCKou CTaHlI.HH. DYTeM nO.lLCTaHOBKH HX B ypaB-
HeHHe BO.lLHOro 6aJIaHCa (2) nOJIy4eHbi BeJIH4HHbi o6llLero HCIIapeHH5! no
pa3HocTH; TaKHe BeJ1HrrHHbI OTJIfI'laIOTC5! OT pac4eTHblx BeJIHrrHH HcnapeHH5!
(no Do.rr5lKoBy) Ha 3-10%, 4TO cBH.lLeTeJIbCTByeT 0 Ha.lLe)KHOCTH OIIpe.lLe-
JIeHHH HH<PUJIbTpalI.HH no BO.lLHo6aJIaHCOBbIM pac4eTaM.
,II,JI5! perHOHaJIbHOU OlI.eHKH aTMoc<pepHoro nlITaHHH n0.lL3eMHbIX BO.lL
npHH5!TO cpe.lLHee MHOrOJIeTHee 3HarreHHe CJI05! HcrrapeHH5I, rrOJIyqeHHOe no
rpa<pHKaM DO.TfHKoBa. DOTepH Ha HCIIapeHue B npOlI.eHTaX OT CJ10H ocaA-
KOB COCTaB.Tf5!IOT B 6acceHHe 3an. ,II,BHHbI 65%, B 6acceHHe HeMaHa 70%,
B 6acceuHe ,II,Henpa H Eepe3HHbi 64-70 %, B 6acceHHe DpHIIHTH H EYTa
75-80% .
,II,JI5! 60JIee rrpaBHJIbHOrO Y4eTa BJIH5!HH5! fH.lLporeO.TfOfH4eCKHx H <pH-
3HKo-reorpaqm4ecKHx YCJIOBHU Ha <POpMlIpoBaHlie BO.lLHOrO 6aJIaHCa B Ta-
KOM KpynHOM pefHoHe, KaKHM 51BJI5!eTCH EeJIOpyccH5I, TeppHTOpH5I ee pa3-
..n.eJIeHa Ha BO.lLHo6aJIaHCOBble paHoHbl H Y4acTKH.
Dpe)K.lLe Bcero BbI.lLeJIeHbI Me)K6acceihroBbIe B03BbIllIeHHr,Ie yrracTKH IIH-
TaHH5!, Ha nJIOllLa.lLH KOTOpblX <PopMHpyeTc5I nO.lL3eMHblu CTOK B peKH, npH-
HaAJle)KallLHe IHa ceBepe H Ha 3anaAe ECCP K EaJITHHcKOMY 6acceHHY, a
Ha roTe H Ha BOCTOKe K LJ:epHoMopCIWMY 6acceUHY. OCHOBHbIM npHMepOM
TaKoro BOAH06aJIaHCOBOTO paClJ:eTHOrO Y4aCTKa CJIY)KHT nJIOllLa.lLb MHHCKOH
B03BbIllIeHHocTH, npHypOqeHHOH K EeJIOpycCKOMY IIO.lL3eMHOMY MaCCHBY.
Ha TeppHTopHH ECCP BbI.lLeJIHIOTCH C.Tfe.lLYlOllLHe BO.lLHo6a.TfaHCOBbie
paHOHbI H Y'laCTKH:
EacceiiH EaA.TUiicK.OcO MOpH.
1. 3ana.lLHo-,II,BHHCKHH paHOH, Y4aCTKH BHTe6cKHH, DOJIOlI.KHH, LI.ay-
raBnHJICKHH.
2. BHJIeUCKHU paHoH, yqaCTOK MHXaJIHllICKHU.
3. HeMaHcKHH paHoH, Y4acTKH OeJIHlI.KHH, fpO.lLHeHcKHH.
4. 3arra.zr.HbIH paHoH, yrracToK Ma.TfO-Pa.lLBaHHrrcKHH.
Eaccelm l.fepHoco MOpH.
5. Eepe3HHcKHH paHoH, Y4acTKH Eo6pYHCKHH, CBeTJIOTOpCKHH (llia-
'THJIKOBCKHH) .
6. ,II,HenpoBcKHH paHoH, YlJ:aCTOK Pe4HlI.KHH.
7. CO)KCKHH paHOR, yqaCTOK fOMeJIbCKHH.


,





60 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPW.1. <J>AKTOPbI, onPE,LJ,. PACTIP. H <J>OPMHP, nO.J,3. BOJI.


8. npHllHTCKHB paBOH, Y'IaCTKIl Kop060BCKIlH:, M03blpCKHH:.
9. HIlJK'HenpHIIHTCKHH: paH:OH, Y'IaCTOK CJ10Be'lHeHCKIlH.
Ha TeppHTopll1l npHIIHTcKoro paHoHa BbI;J:e,lIeHbI ;J:JIH cpaBHeHHH HeKO--
Topble 'laCTHhIe BO;J:Ho6aJIaHCOBble nO;J:p aBoHbI JIeBo6epeJKHOH 'lanll 6ac-
ceHHa H 'laCTH'lHO B rrpaBo6epeJKHOH 'lanll - B HIl30Bb5IX npHTO!wB npH-
nHTIl: a) 5IceJIb;J:IlHCKIlH, 6) E06pHKCKHH, B) CJIyqCKIlH, r) nTH'lCKlfH

;J:) fOpbIHbCKHH, e) Y60pTbCKIlH.
YCTaHOBJIeHHble B pe3YJIbTaTe paCqeTOB no ypaB'HeHIlIO BO;J:Horo 6a-
JIaHCa (1) cpe;J:Hlle ,LJ,JIH BO;J:oc60PHOH: nJIOIl(a;J:1l KaJK)].oro y'laCTKa BeJIIl-
'lHHbI B0306HOBJIeHHH nO;J:3eMHblX BO;J: 3a C'leT cpaKTH'leCKOB IlHcpIlJIbTpall,HH
aTMoccpepHbIX oca;J:KOB HOCHT rrpll6JIIlJKeHHbIH xapaKTep (Ta6JI. 3). Ha;J:eJK-
HOCTb nOJIy1.JeHHblx BeJIIl'lIlH nO;J:TBepJK;J:aeTC5I 'HeKoTopbIMIl KOCBeHHbIMIl npo-
BepKaMH, B 1.JaCTHOCTH TeM, 'lTO cpe;J:Hlle 3Ha'leHHH W II W o , nOJIY'leHHbIe
;J:JIH nJIOIl(a,IJ,H Bcero 6acceBHa n plln5ITIl, nO'lTIl nOJIHOCTbIO COBna,IJ,aIOT
C ,IJ,aHHbIMll, KOTopble yCTaHOBJIeHbI KaK cpe;J:Hlle no p5ILly OCHOBHbIX, XOTH"
II 'He Bcex, nO,IJ,paHOHOB 6aCcetIHa. OCHOBHbIe BO;J:H06aJIaHCOBb!e BeJmqllHbI.,
nOJIY'leHHble ,IJ,JIH TeppllTopHll ECCP, OKa3(1JIIlCb 6Jl1l3KIlMIl K BemfLfHHaM,
ynaHOBJIeHHhIM npll onpeLleJIeHllll BOLlHoro 6aJIaHCa CCCP (M. 11. J1bBO-
BIlLf, C. B. Bace H ,IJ,p.).
,lJ,JI5I pemOHaJIbHOrO npllHll,lfna B H3YQeHlfll cpe,IJ,HerO MHOrOJIeTHerO
BOLlHoro 6aJIaHCa 'laCTYlqHO HCnOJIb30Ba'HbI BeJIIlqIlHbl, paBHble HJIH 6JII-I3KIle-
K HopMe ocaLlKOB npll yCJIOBHH, 'lTO HopMa ocaLlKOB MaJIO OTJIHqaeTCH OT
cpe;J:Hero CJIOH ocaLlKOB 3a paC'leTHb!B neplfO,IJ,.
BO).!,Ho6aJIaHCOBbIe paCqeTHble BeJIllqllHbI IlHcpIlJIbTpall,1l0HHOrO IIHTaHIl5f
COOTBeTCTBY!OT cpeLlHeMy MHOrOJIeTHeMY CJIOIO anwccpepHbIX ocaLlKOB, no-
CTYIIHBliIHX C paC'le1'HOH nJIoIl(a)].1l B nOTOK rpYHTOBbIX BOLl. B npllHll,llne
TaKHe BeJIIl1-lHHbI ).!,OJIJKHbl COOTBeTCTBOBaTb IlHcpllJIbTpall,1l1l ocaLlKOB, nOJIY-
'leHHOH LlJIH OTLleJIbHblX yqaCTKOB no ypaBHeHIlIO 6aJIaHCa rpYHToBblX BO).!,
B KOHe'lHbJX pa3HocTHX IlJIIl Ha JIIl3IlMeTpH'leCKIlX ynaHoBKax.
ConoCTaBJleHHe paCqeTHbIX JI,aHHbIX no HeKoTopbIM 6aJIaHCOBbiM YLfacT-
KaM nOKa3bIBaeT 6JIIl3KIlH nopHJI,OK npeBblliIeHHH W (B %) no BOJI,HOMY
6aJIaHCY. I1HcpHJIbTpall,IlH, yCTaHOBJIeHHaH no 6aJIaHCY rpyHToBblX BOJI, II no
JIIl3IlMeTpaM, xapaKTepll3yeT 3JIeMeHTapHble BeJIIl'lIlHbI TOJIbKO JI,J1H He60JIb-
liIllX HeTIlHIl'lHbIX Y'laCTKOB pe'l'Horo 6accefma (Ta6JI.4).
yb conOCTaBJIeHHH BeJIH'lHH cpaKTHqeCKOH IlHcpIlJIbTpall,IlH, nOJ1Y'leHHoa,
no ;J:ByxMeTpoBoMY JIIl31lMeTpy BeJIoPyccKoH rllJI,poreoJIOrllqeCKOH: CTaHll,llH
B MIlHcKe H no BOJI,HOMY 6aJIaHcy Ha
lIlHCKOM yqaCTKe 6acceHH3 CBIl-
CJIOqH BllJI,HO, 'lTO .3KCnepHMeHTa.'1bHaH BeJIIl'lIlHa K03cpcpHll,HeHTa HHcpIlJIb-
Tpall,1l1l BbIllie paCLfeTlIOH Ha 5-8%.
K03cpqmll,HeHT rJIy60KoB HHcpllJIbTpall,1l1l no 6aJIaHcy rpYHTOBbIX BOLl
Ha M03blPCKOM yqaCTKe 6acceHHa npHn5ITH paBeH npH6JIIl31lTeJIbHO 4 %
(no KIlCeJIeBY, 1961), a no CpeJI,HeMy BOJI,HOMY 6aJIaHcy 6 %. CpeJI,HHH Be-
JIllqHHa K03cpcplfll,HeHTa rJIy60KoH IlHcp IlJIbTp a 1l,1l II, YCTaHOBJIeHHa5I no BOLl-
HOMY 6aJIaHCY B 6acceHHe COJKa, paBHa 1-8%, B npe;J:eJIax BCCP 6%,
B 6acceHHe ,lJ,Henpa OT 2 JI,O -0,5% (no E. 11. KYJI,eJIlfHY, 1960), a no
CpeJI,HeMy BOJI,HoMy 6aJIaHcy TeppllTopllH BeJIOpyccllll rJIy60Koe nllT3HHe
B 6acceliHe COJKa COCTaBJI5IeT 2 %, a B 6acceHHe ,lJ,Henpa - 4 %.
<POPMHpoBaHHe r JIy60KOH: IlHcpllJIbTpall,1l1l aTMoccpepHblx BOJI" IlJI,Ylll,IlX
Ha B0306HOBJIeHIle nOJI,3eMHblX BOJI, 30Hbl 3aMeJI,,'1eHHOrO BOJI,006MeHa, IlMeeT
pa3JIIl'lHble oc06eHHocTIl B OTJI,eJIbHblX palioHax EeJIopyccllll. 3TO pa3Ho06-
pa3He YCJIOBHH BIl)].HO 113 pacnpe;J:eJIeHIlH IlHcpHJIbTpall,1l0HHblX BOA MeJKJI,Y
30HOH HHTeHCIlBHoro BOAo06MeHa, npeACTaBJIeHHOH npeCHbIMll nO.l!.3eMHblMH
Bo
aMIl, II 30HOB 3aMe.l!.JIeHHOrO BO.l!.006MeHa, KOTOpyIO OT.l!.eJI5IeT OT Bepx-
Hell 30HbI rpaHHll,a COJIOHOBaTbIX II COJIeHblX BO.l!. (1,5-10,0 zIA).




fH,1J.POfEOJIOrWIEC!(HE <f>A,!(TOPbI


61


Ta6J1Hl\a 3
BOJJ;Ho6aJlaHCOBbie BeJlH'IHHbl Cpe,ll,HeH MHOrOJleTHeH If!aKTH'IeCIWH HKIf!HJlbTpau,HH
Ha TeppHTopHH ECCP


06ll!aH HHq,H
b- CP
JlHHH ropH- r
y60KaH IfH-
TpaUHH W 30HT3.1JbH3H q,H.'bTpaL\HH.
BOllo- q,H
bTpaL\HH W o
c60pHaH (nOIl3eMHblH
Pal10HbI (Bbllle.eHbI KYPCHBOM) II Y4aCTKII rI.1'IOlIJ,aJIb CTQl< B peKH),
BOJIH06a
aHCOB
K paC4eTOB 110 pac- K03q,- An K03q,-
4eTHoro c.1JoiL qHJL\H - CJIOH. q,mm -
cTBopa, "'-" eRT, .\tM eHT,
KM' ?o C.OH, ! K03tjJ- %
MM q,HL\H-
eHT, %
MeJIC6acceUfl06blU (BOJJ.Opa3JJ.eJIbHblH) I
YtJ. MHHCKOH B03BbIIlIeHHOCTlI 10147 138 22 103 17 35 5
3anaOflO- jJ,BUfl CICUU
YtJ. BlITe6cKHH 27 300 75 12 72 11 3 1
Yq. TIOJIOl\KHH 41 700 94 15 84 13 10 2
YtJ. l1.ayraBI1HJICKHH 64 600 104 16 90 14 14 2
CpeJlHee 91 14 82 13 9 1
Bu/wuclCUU
Yq. 1\1. IIX aJI Hill C KII Ii 10300 167 24 112 16 55 8
HeMaflCICUU I
Yq. BeJIHl\KHH I 16700 149 22 94 14 55 8
Yq. fpOJJ.HeHCKHH 33 600 89 15 80 14 9 I
,
CpeJJ.Hee 119 18 87 14 32 4
3anaOHblU
Y'I. .MaJIO-PaJJ.BaHlItJCKIIH 1640 29 5 22 4 7 1


Eepe3UflC/WU
YtJ. Bo6pYHCKHH 20 200 120 19 105 17 15 2
Yq. CBeTJIOropCKIIH 23 300 106 17 104 17 2 <1
CpeJlHee 113 18 104 17 8
jJ,flenpOBCICUU
Yq. PeqHl\KIIH 58 200 85 14 62 10 23 4
C OJICCICUU
YtJ. fOMeJIbCKHH 38 900 95 17 86 15 9 2
npunH.mclCUU
Yq. Kopo6cKHH 122171 89 15 35 6 54 9
(BCCP)
. ,)hf. M03b1PCKHii 133538 ! 82 14 48 8 34 6
(BCCP)
CpeJJ.Hee I I 85 14 42 7 44 7
H UJlCflenpUnH.mCICUii ! !
YtJ. CJIOBetmeHCI{HH 10058 78 14 30 5 47 9
CpeJJ.Hee [10 BCCP I I 100 16 73 12 27 4




62 OCBORB. ECTECTB.-HCTOPH"l.
AI(roP'M, 011111'10,11;. PACnp. H <1>OPMHP. nO.3,3. BOA:


Ta6.IJH
a 4
COnOCTaBJIeHHe K03tj)4)HL(HeHTOB tj)aKTH'IeCKOii HHtj)HJIbTpa-
L(HH (B % OT OCa.luwB), nOJlyqeHHblX no BOAHOMY 6aJlaHcy H
6aJIaHcy rpYHTOBblX BOA


EacceHH-paC4eTHblH CTBOp.
6aJaHCOBNH Y43CTOK


K09<P<P'IUHeHTbI HHqJHJIbTpalUlH
Cp
J\HI\
 I no 6aJIaH- !
no BORHOMY cY rpYHTo- pa3HocTb
6aJIaHcy BblX BOR
11 +4
15
(8Y
15 - +7
(7)
9 +2
6
14 +8
6
13 +7
13 8 +5


PeKa C.lJY'Jb- )J,O.IJrOBCKHH,
J1eHHHcKHH
PeKa CJlYlJb- CTap06I1HCKI1H,
J1eHHHCKJ.jj';j
PeKa 5JceJJbil:a-TIHHCKI1H
CeHI1HCKHH
PeKa ITpHn5!Tb-M03bIpbcKm'i,
1I103blPbCKHl'i
PeKa 506pHK-ITJIOCKHHCKHl'i,
f1a paXOHCKI1M


Cpe.i\Hee


'" B cK06Kax p:aHbl Cpe.i\HHe 3Ha'JeH115! (B %) 3a OTiJ,eJ1bHbIe
rO
1bl.


,IJ,OJJ5I HHqJlJJJbTpalJ,HOHHbJX BO.lL, nocTynaIOIlJ,HX co BceH paCQeTHoi'1 TIJIO-
lll.a.lLl1 B 30HY rJIy6oKoro CTOKa - HHlKe npepbJ peLfHoro .lLpeHlIpOBaHIUI, Bbl-
'!1lCJJeHHa51 B rrpOILeHTax OT o6IlJ,ei'1 cpaKTIILfeCKOH IIHcpHJIbTpalJ,HH Ha :nOR
Me DJJOIlJ,a.lLH, HMeeT CJJe.lLYIOIlJ,He npH6JJIIlKeHHbJe 3Ha'-leHII51: B 06JJaCT51X
nlITaHII51 nO.lL3eMHWX BO.lL OKOJJO 25%; B 06JJaCT51X KX TpaH3HTa K peKaM
HaH60JIbllllIe BeJJII'-lIIHbl YCTaHOBJJeHbJ B J1eBo6epelKHoi'1 '-laCTH DpHn5ITH 30-
40 % II B HII30Bb51X HeKOTOpbJX npaBo6epelKHbJX npHTOKOB (r OpbJHb"
Y6opTb) .lLO 50%; YMeHblllaeTC5I .lLOll51 rJJy60KOH IIHcpIIJJbTpalJ,HII B 6accevme
Bepe3HHbJ 2-12%, HeM aHa OKOJJO 10-30% K .lLOCTIlraeT 4-10% B cpe.lL-
Hell LfaCTH 6acceHHa 3an. ,IJ,BIIHbl II 1-2 % B Cpe.lL/-Iei1 LfaCTH 6acceHHa
COlKa.
TaKoe YMeHbweHHe r JJy60KOH KHcpHJJbTpalJ,IJIJ 06'b5ICH51eTC5I YC.C\OBH51MH
nO.lL3eMHoro nHTaHH5I peK: B ceBepHOH, ceBepO-3ana.lLHoi1 II LfaCTHqHO ceBe-
pO-BOCTOLfHOH 1J:aCT51X BCCP II H3 CMe)KHbIX TeppHTOpH5IX npe06JJa.lLalOT
BbJCOKOpaCnOJJOlKeHHble BO.lLoc6opHble ITJJOIlJ,a.lLH, 06ecneLfHBaIOIlJ,He ITHTaHlle
peK rJJy60KIIMH nO.lL3eMHWMH BO.lLaMH ITO.lL BJJH5IHHeM BWCOKHX HanopHWX
rpa.lLHeHTOB, .lLellcTByIOIlJ,HX BepTllKaJJbHO BBepx, rJ1aBHbJM 06pa30M B no.lL-
pyCJJOBbJX nOTOKax; Ha IOre II IOrO-BOCTOKe ECCP npe06JJa.lLaIOT paBHHH-
Hble TeppHTopHH C He3HaLfllTeJJbHbJM nO.lL3eMHbIM CTOKOM B peKH II MaJJblMK
HanOpHbJMll rpa.lLHeHTaMH.
B pe3YJJbTaTe BO.lLH06aJJaHCOBbJX paC1J:eTOB YCTaHOBJJeHbJ MO.zx.YJ111 aT-
MoccpepHoro ITHTaHH5I n0.lL3eMHbJX BO.lL - MO.lLYJ111 o6IlJ,ei1 HHcpIWbTpaUHH
B TIOTOKH rpYHTOBbJX BO.lL H MO.lLYJJH rJJy6oKoll HHcpHJIbTpaILHH H3 BepxHefJ
30HbJ B HlllKeJ1elKalll.He BO.lLOHOCHbIe ropH30<HTbJ, CTOK H3 KOTOpbJX HanpaB-
JIeH B TeKTOHWleCKHe Bna.lLHHbl (Ta6JI. 5).
Do pe3YJJbTaTaM BO.lLH06aJJaHCOBbIX paCLfeTOB B nepBOM npH6JJHlKeHHH
onpe.lLeJJeHO aTMoccpepHoe nllTaHlle, nOCTynaIOIlJ,ee C BO.lLoc6opHWX TIJJOIlJ,a-
.lLeH BeJJOpyccllll B r JJy60KHe BO.lLOHOCHbJe ropH30HTbJ (naJJe030llCKHe H Lfa-
CTIILfHO Me3030llcKHe) pa3JIH1J:HblX apTe3Ha'HCKHX 6accefmOB (Ta6JJ. 6). He-
O.lLHopO.lLHOe Y'-laCTHe Bo
oc6opOB B nHTaHllll n0.lL3eMHWX BO.lL 0605ICH5IeTCH
TeM, LfTO B03BblllleHHOCTH, paCnOJJOlKeHHble B ILeHTpaJ1bHoll qaCTII BeJIopyc-




rH,lJ,POrEOJIOrW.IECI\HE <f>AI\TOPbI


63.


Ta6.nHl.{a 5.
ATMoc$epHoe nHTaHHe nO.!J;3eMHbIX BO.!J; IIO Cpe.!J;HeMY MHOrOJIeTHeMY BO.!J;HOMY
6aJlaHCY


CpeJIHHe rOJIOBble MO-
PaC1.JeTH3H n:YJIH, A!ee"!,,.!!'
oaAaHcoBMe paHoHM H paCqeTHWe yqaCTKH mlOllJ.3JIb, CTPYKTYPH
e 3
eMeHT

K.!!' o6waH HH- ! r.ly6oKag
$H..lbTpaIJ,HH HHq"Ub-
Tpau.HH
06/laCmb numaHUJI
Y'J. MHHCKOit B03BbIIlIeHHOCTH 10 147 4,4 1,1 5e.nopyccKffit
MaCCI-IB
06JJ.acmb cmOKa u opeHIlpoBaHUJr:
peKaMu
3anaJJ.Ho-llBHHCKHH paUOH OpmaHCKaJJ
(Bl-lTe6cK- nOJlOl\K) 14400 3,2 0,1 BnaJJ.!1Ha
(no.noIJ:K-llayraBnI1Jlc) 22 900 3,1 0,4 J
BH.neMcKHit paitoH n pI16a.nTl1ikK1r5I
(no MI1Xa.nI1WKI1) 10300 5,3 1,7
HeMaHCKI1H paHoH BnaJJ.I1Ha
(JJ.o fPOJJ.HO) 33 600 3,8 0,1
Bepe3HHcKuM paMOH
(.i\0 CBeT.noropcKa).. 20 200 3,7 0,3
llHenpoBcKI1M paMoH
(Opwa-PetJHl.{a) 16214 2,7 0,9
CO)KC!{!1it paitoH npJWJJTCKaJJ
(CJlaBrOpOA--foMeJlb) 21 200 3,0 0,3
npl1n5ITCK!1M paMoH BnaAI1Ha
(J\o Kop06b1) 12217 2,9 1,7
(Kop06bI-M03b1pb) 33 538 2,6 1,1
Hff)KHenpl1n5ITCKffM paMoH 1 a 058 2,7 1,5 }
3anaAHblM paMoH 8573 3,1 0,8 BpecTcKaH BnaJJ.HHa


C P e JJ. H e e n 0 BCCP!


3,4


0,8


CHH, C03,lJ,aIOT YCJJOBHH ;J:JJH pacnpe;J:eJJeHllH nO,lJ,3eMHOro CTOKa TOJIbKO B npe-
,lJ,eJJax 30HbI ,lJ,peHHpOBaHHH peKaMH, B TO BpeMH KaK nO,lJ,3eMHble CTPYKTYP-
Hble BO;J:Opa3;J:eJJbI HBJJHIOTCH cpaKTopOM pacnpe,lJ,eJJeHHH rJJy6oKoro nO,lJ,3eM-
HOrO CTOKa B apTe3HaHCKHe 6acceHHbI, HH./KHHe 3Ta./KH KOTOpbIX pacnOJIO-
.lKeHbI B nOrpY.lKeHHbIX 4aCTHX TeKTOHH4eCKHX Bna;J:llH.
Cpe,lJ,HHe MO,lJ,YJJH rJIy6oKoro CTOKa aTMoccpepHbIX BOJI, B OTJI,eJ1bHble
a pTe3HaHCKHe 6acceUHbI HMelOT pa3J1114HbIU nOpH,lJ,OK BeJJH4HH H BeCbMa
6J1H3KH K BeJJH4HHe o6mero CpeJI,HerO rOJI,OBoro MO,lJ,YJ1H fIO,lJ,3eMHOro CTOKa
,lJ,JJ5! Bcell TeppHTopHH BCCP (0,8 A/ceK/K.M 2 ). Pa3JIH4He MOJI,YJIeU rJIy6o-
Koro CTOKa B apTe3HaHcKHx 6acceHHax 06'bHCHHeTcH, KaK y.lKe 6bIJ10 CKa-
3aHO BbIIlle, 6oJ1ee HHTeHCHBHbIM ,lJ,peHa.lKeM B pe4Hblx JI,OJJHHaX ceBepHoH
H ceBepO-3ana,lJ,HOU '-IaCTeU 5eJ10pyccHH, B pe3YJJbTaTe '-Iero 60JJbIllaH '-IaCTb
npocpHJJbTpOBaBIllHxcH aTMoccpepHblx BOJI, Y'-lacTByeT B rrO;J:3eMHOM fIHTaH!1H
peK H 'CTeKaeT B Mope, B TO BpeMH KaK Ha lOre, IOrO-BOCTOKe H IOrO-3anaJI,e
pe'-lHOll ;J:peHa./K OCJ1a6JIeH, 4TO 06eCnel.JHBaeT 6oJ1ee BbICOKoe nHTaHlle rJJY-
60KllX BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX ropIl30HTOB.
YCTaHOBJJeHHbIe B Ta6JI. 3 CpeJI,HHe MO,lJ,YJJ!1 o6mepo (3,1 A/ceK/K.M 2 )
II rJJy6oKoro llHcpHJJbTpaII.llOHHOro nllTaHllH (0,8 A/ceK/K.M 2 ) COBna,lJ,aIOT
C MO,lJ,YJI5!MH, BbIQHCJJeHHbIMH no Cpe,lJ,HeMy ;J:JIH TeppHTopHH BCCP CJJOIO
HHcpHJJbTpalI.HH aTMoccpepHblx OCa,lJ,KOB.
I11JTaHHe nO,lJ,3eMHbIX BOJI, B 6acceu'Hax 3an. ,QBHHbI, ,QHenpa, CO.lKa
onpeJI,eJJ5!J10Cb no BO;J:oc6opHbIM nJJOma;J:5!M B npe,lJ,e.'lax BCCP; no 6ac-




64 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-MCTOPMG. 4>AI\TOPbI, OnPE,.Q. PACnp. H <!>OPMHP. nO,.Q3. BO,.Q


Ta6JIHu:a 6


fJIy60KHfi CTOK B apTe3HaHcKHe 6accefiHbl C Bo)!.oc6oPHblX nJIoIll,aJl,efi 6CCP


CTPYKTYPH
e 9
eMeHT
 H apTe3HaHCKHe
6acceHH



Cpe1lHHH
rOJIOBOH
MO.Il.y.rlb,

'l!ceJ(/J(",u2


BOJIoc6opHble n
'lOlUalm


OpIllaHCKaH BrraJJ.J.IHa - 3arraJJ.I-lOe 0,1 3arraJJ.Ho-llBHHCKa5! B I1peJJ.eJIax
KpblJIO MOCKOBCKOro apTe3HaHcKoro BCCP (OT nOJIOl\Ka JJ.O BHTe6cKa)
'oaccei1Ha
BaJIniHcKaS! Bl1aJJ.HHa - BOCTO'lHOe 0,4- 3arraJJ.Ho-llBHHCKa5! (OT nOJIOl\Ka
KpblJIO npH6aJITHHCKOro apTe3HaHcKoro JJ.O llai1raBI1HJICa)
oacceHHa
0,1 HeMaHcKaSi (.1\0 fPOJJ.HO)
1,7 BHJIeHcKaS! (JJ.0 MHXaJIHIlIKH)
npHnS!TcKaS! Bl1a.l\HHa - ceBepO-3a- 0,9 llHel1pOBCKa5! (OT OpIllH JJ.O Pe-
naJJ.Hoe (npHn5!TCKoe) KpblJIO llHel1pOB- 'I Hl\bI )
oCKoro 6accei1Ha
0,3 CO)KCKaSi (OT CJIaBropoJJ.a JJ.O fo-
MeJIS!)
0,3 Bepe3HHcKaS! (JJ.o CBeTJIorOpcKa)
1,1 n pHI1S!TcKaH (OT Kopo6b1 JJ.O Mo-
3b1p5!)
1,5 CJIOBe'IHeHcKaH (JJ.o KY3MHtJH)
BpecTcKaH Bl1a.l\HHa - BOCTOQHOe 0,1 PbITCKaS! (.[(0 MaJIO-Pa.l\BaHH'JH)
I({pblJIO BpecTcKoro (J1bBoBcKoro) apTe-
3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa 1,7 npHrrS!TcKaH (!(O Kop06b1)


ceimy TIprW5!TH, Ha nJ!oIlLa,!!,H KOToporo rpaHHIJ,a ECCP npoxo,!!,HT no HHIK-
HHM l!aCT5!M npaBo6epeIKHbIX npHToKoB, nO,!!,Cl!eT pacxo,!!,oB H MO,!!,YJ!eH npo-
H3Be,!!,eH j{JI5! BceH BO.I\oc60pHOH nJIOIlLaj{H. DYTeM COTIOCTaBJIeHH5! 06IlLero
.D,JI5! TIJIOIlLaj{H ECCP aTMOc<pepHoro nHTaHH5! (TIO cpe,!!,HeMY CJIOIO HH<pHJIb-
TpaUHH) l!aCTHbIX BeJIHl!HH HH<pHJIbTpaIJ,HH B 6acceHHax peK npH6JIHIKeHHO
Dnpe.I\eJIeHa j{JI5! 6acceHHa DpHn5!TH Ta l!aCTb aTMOc<pepHoro TIHTaHH5! TIo,!!,-
3eMHbIX BO,!!" KOTOpa5! <popMHpyeTC5! 3a TIpe,!!,eJIaMH ECCP. OHa paBHa 06-
m.eH HH<pHJIbTpaUHH npHMepHo 60-80 MM H rJIy6oKoH HH<pHJIbTpaUHH OKO-
.JIO 30 MM.
B npOH3Be,!!,eHHbIX nOj{Cl!eTaX aTMOc<pepHoro nHTaHH5! apTe3HaHCKHX
6acceHHOB (CM. Ta6JI. 6) tHe Yl!HTbIBaeTC5! rJIy60Ka5! HH<pHJIbTpaIJ,H5! aTMOC-
<pepHblx BOj{ W O B 06JIaCTH TIHTaHH5!, TaK KaK 3a ee Cl!eT 6aJIaHcHpyeTC5!
OTpHIJ,aTeJIbHa5! BeJIHl!HHa W o B Tex pel!HbIX 6acceHHax, B KOTOpbIX CTOK
fJIaBHbIX peK<popMHpyeTC5! npH Yl!aCTHH rJIy60KHx nO.I\3eMHbIX BOj{, noCTY-
naIOIl(HX C BOj{opa3,!!,eJIbHbIX rp5!j{ (EeJIOpyccKHH nOj{3eMHbIH MaccHB). Mo-
.n.YJIb fJIy6oKoro CTOKa, 06eCTIeQeHHOrO TIHTaHHeM Ha BOj{opa3,!1,eJIbHbIX TIlIO-
m.a,!l,5!X, paBeH 1,1-1,2 A/ceK/KM 2 , a MO,!l,YJIH wy60Koro nOKa, HMeIOIlLHe
OTpHIJ,aTeJIbHOe 3HaQeHHe, ,!!,OCTHraIOT B HeKOTopbIX pel!HbIX 6acceHHax
0,2-0,6/I./ceK/KM. 2 .




I1CKYCCTBEHHbIE <PAKTOPbI


65


HCKYCCTBEHHblE tPAKTQPbI


Ha yCJIOBIUI mnaHH5I, CTOKa H pa3fPY3KH n0.lL3eMHbIX BO.lL, HX ypOBeH-
HbIll, TeMnepaTYPHbIll pelKHM H XHMH'-leCKHH COCTaB CYIlLeCTBeHHOe BJIH5IHlle
OKa3bIBalOT IlCKYCCTBeHHbIe cpaKTOpbI. B npe.lLeJIax OT.lLeJIbHbIX nJIOIlLa.lLell
HCKYCCTBeHHbIe cpaKTOpbI HrpaK)T peWalOIlLYlO pOJIb npn cpOpMHpOBaHll1l !IO.lL-
3eMHbIX BO.lL H npelK.lLe Bcero rpYHTOBbIX BO.lL.
R OCHOBHbIM IlCKYCCTBeHHbIM cpaKTOpaM, H3MeH5IlOIlLIlM eCTeCTBeHHbIll
pelKHM nO.lL3eMHbIX BO.lL TeppHTOp1l1l ECCP, QTHOC5ITC5I BJIIl5IHIl5I .lLpeHalKHbIX
MeJIHOpaTHBHbIX CIlCTeM, BO.lLOXpaHIlJIIlIlL H npY.lLOB, a TaK.lKe BO.lL03a6opHbIX
coopYlKeHllll (KOJIO.lL!.(eB, CKBalKIlH, raJIepeli).
Ha pelKllM nepBoro OT nOBepXHOCTIl BO.lLOHOCHOro ropH30HTa BJIH5IlOT
TaK.lKe BbIPy6Ka HJIIl HaCalK.lLeHlle JIeCOB, rOpO.lLCKlle II CeJIbCKlle 3aCTpOllI<H,
accpaJIbTllpOBaHlle TeppllTopllll, pa3JIIl4 1 HbIe nO.lL3eMHbIe KOMMYHIlKa!.(HIl.
fIpOBe.lLeHHbIe EeJIrHnpOBO.lLX030M II YnpaBJIeHlleM 3KCnJIyaTa!.(1l1l MIl-
HIlCTepCTBa MeJIIlOpa!.(1l1l ECCP Ha6JIlO.lLeHIl5I 3a OCYWIlTeJIbHbIMIl .lLellCT-
BIl5IMIl KaH aJIOB nOKa3bIBalOT, 4TO npll r JIy61lHe KaHaJIOB 1,8-2,0 Ai, 3aJIO-
lKeHHblX B neC4aHbIX OTJIOlKeHIl5IX, .lLOCTllraeTC5I Heo6xo.lLIlMOe nOHIl.lKeHlle
YPOBH5I rpY'HToBbIX BO.lL Ha paCCT05IHIlIl 200-300 Ai, a npll rJIy61lHe
2,5 Ai - Ha paCCT05IHIlIl 300-400 Ai.
YMeHbweHHe BJIarll B nopo.lLax II KOJIe6aHIle ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO.lL
npOIlCXO.lLIlT TaKlKe no.lL BJIIl5II-fIleM nOBepxHocTHoro II TIO.lL3eMHOro CTOKa.
HcnapeHH5I H IlHcpH.JlbTpa!.(HH aTMoccpepHbIx OCa.lLKOB.
Pac4eTbI, npOH3Be.lLeHHbIe B. B. POMaHoBbIM H K. E. I1BaHoBbIM (1956)
nOKa3bIBalOT, 4TO npH OHHlKeHHH ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO.lL Ha 60JIOTaX .lLO
3a.lLaHHOll HOpMbI OCYUIKH (6e3 YHH4TOlKeHH5I eCTeCTBeHHOll paCTHTeJIb-
HOCTH) B nepBbIe rO.lLbI BeJIIl41lHa cYMMapHoro HCTIapeHH5I pe3I<O YMeHb-
WaeTC5I B OCHOBHOM B CB5I3H C pe3KHM YBeJIH4eHHeM rJIy61lHbI ypOBH5I rpYH-
TOBbIX BO.lL. CooTBeTCTBeHtHO rO.lLOBa5I BeJIH4HHa CTOKa C ocywaeMoro Mac-
CIlBa B nepBbIe rO.lLbl B03paCTaeT He TOJIbKO 3a C4eT cpa60TKH OTIpe.lLeJIeH-
Horo CJI05I rpYHTOBOli BO.lLbI, HO H 3a C4eT yMeHbIlleHH5I IlCTIapeHH5I.
CYIlLeCTBYlOIlLHe rH.lLpOTeXHH4eCKHe coopYlKeHH5I Ha TeppHTopHH ECCP
OKa3bIBalOT CYIlLeCTBeHHoe BJIH5IHlle Ha cpOpMllpOBaHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe
nO.lL3eMtHbIX BO.lL B npHHOBepXHOCTHbIX OTJIOlKeHH5IX.
,II,JI5I TeppHTopHH EeJIOPYCCHH B !.(eJIOM xapaKTepHbI He60JIbIlllle na.lLe-
HH5I peK, C npe06JIa.lLaHHeM npO.lLOJIbHbIX YKJ10HOB 0,0001-0,005. B CB5I3H
C 3THM CTp05IIlLHeC5I rll.lLpOTeXHH4eCKHe coopYlKeHH5I OTJIH4alOTC5I HH3KOHa-
TIOpHOCTblO. 06bI4HO .lLellcTBYlOIlLHe MaJIbre rH.lLp03JIeKTpocTaH!.(I1H HMelOT Ha-
TIOp 1,5-6,0 Ai II JIHillb IHa HeKoTopbIX H3 HHX BeJIH4HHa HaTIOpa .lLOCTHraeT
8-9.M.
B pe3Y.1JbTaTe npOHTeJIbCTBa BO.lLOXpaHIlJIIlIlL H npY.lLoB B .lLOJIHHaX peK
C03.lLalOTC5I nO.lLTIOpbI rpYHTOBbIX BO.lL. fIepBbIe OT TIOBepXHOCTH BO.lLOHOCHbIe
ropH30HTbI, .lLpeHHpyeMble peKaMH B eCTeCTBeHHbIX YCJIOBH5IX, npH coopYlKe-
HHH nJIOTHH H TIo.lLnopa HX ypOBHell nOJIY4aIOT TIHTaHlle 113 BO.lLOeMOB. Ro-
JIH4eCTBO HHtpHJIbTPYlOwellC5I BO.lLbl 113 BO.lLoxpaHH.7Jllw II TIpY.lLOB 3aBHCHT
OT BeJIH41lHbI Hanopa H BO.lLonpOHH!.(aeMOCTIl OTJIOlKeHHll, CJIaraIOIlLHX .lLO-
JIHHbI peR.
TaK, HanpHMep, 3aCJIaBJ1bCKoe BO.lLOXpaHIlJIIlIlLe, coopYlKeHHoe ceBepo-
3aTIa.lLHee r. MHHcKa C !.(eJIblO 3aperYJIHpOBaHH5I CTOKa p. CBHCJI041l B ee
BepXOBbe, pe3KO H3MeHHJIO pelKHM rrepBoro OT TIOBepXHOCTH BO.lLOHOCHoro
ropH30HTa. B pe3YJIbTaTe HaTIOJIHeHH5I BO.lLOxpa'HHJIHwa nO.lLTIOp rpyH'DOBbIX
BO.lL TIepBOrO OT TIOBepXHOCTH BO.lLOHOCHoro ropH30HTa pacnpOCTpaHHJIC5I Ha
p. CBHCJIO'lb Ha 1560 Ai OT 6eperoB. Ha peKax B5I4a H PaToMKa, BTIa.lLalO-
IlLHX B p. CBHCJI04b BbIwe nJIOTHHbI, TIO.lLTIOp rpyHToBbIX BO.lL paCTIpOCTpa-
HHJIC5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 1550 H 400 Ai.
5 3aK. 04368




66 OCHOBH. ECTECTB.-HCTOPl1'.1. 4>AI<TOPbI, OTIPE,lJ,. PACTIP. H 4>OPMHP. TIO,lJ,3. BO.n:


KpoMe 1'oro, ,lJ,0 cOOpY)KeHHH 3aCJIaBJIbCKOrO BO,lJ,OXpaHHJIHlD,a B ne-
pHO,lJ,bI eCTeCTBeHHbIX naBO,lJ,KOB p. CBHCJIOqIf B paHOHe r. MIfHCKa 3aJIH-
BaJIOCb OKOJIO 253 za H nO,lJ,TanJIHBaJIOCb OKOJIO 300 za nJIOlD, a,lJ,H. B npe,lJ,e-
JIax .noM TeppHTopHH B TOJIlD,e tIeTBepTHtIHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH cpOpMHpOBaJIIfCb
rpYHToBbIe BO,lJ,bI, ypoBeHb KOTOpbIX nO,lJ,BepraJICH pe3KHM H3MeHeHHHM B Te-
GeHHe rO,lJ,a. ITocJIe coopY)KeHHH 3aCJIaBJIbCKOrO BO,lJ,OXpaHHJIHlD,a nIfKH na-
BO,lJ,KOB 6blJIH ynOJIO)KeHbI H Ha 3aJIIfBaeMOH If nO,lJ,TanJIHBaeMOH paHee Tep-
pIfTOpHIf HH)Ke nJIOTHHbI npOH30111JIO CHH)KeHHe ypOBHH rpyHToBbIX BO,lJ, nep-
Bora OT nOBepXHOCTH BO,lJ,OHOCHOrO rOpH30HTa.
ECTeCTBeHHbIH pe)KHM 60JIee rJIy60KHX BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX rOpH30HTOB TaK)Ke
nO,lJ,BepraeTCH H3MeHeHHHM B pe3YJIbTaTe B03,lJ,eHCTBHH HCKYCCTBeHHbIX cpaK-
TOpOB. HaH60JIbllIee BJIHHHIfe Ha If X pe)KHM B npe,lJ,eJIaX TeppHTOpHH BCCP
OKa3bIBaIOT ,lJ,JIIfTeJIbHble OTKaqKIf nO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, Ha BO,lJ,03a60pax.
fH,lJ,pOreOJIOrHtIeCKHMH llCCJIe,lJ,OBaHHHMH, npOBe,lJ,eHHbIMH fJIaBreOJIO-
rrreH BCCP B paHOHe MfIcHCKa, YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO B pe3YJIbTaTe ,lJ,JIHTeJIb-
HOH .3KCil.1IyaTaII.HH rpynnoBbIMH BO,lJ,03a60paMH MOCKOBCKO-,lJ,HenpOBCKOrO
Me)KMOpeHHOrO BO,lJ,OHOCHOrO rOpIf30HTa B03HIfKJIIf MeCTHble ,lJ,enpeCCHOHHble
BOpOHKH. TaK, Ha HOBHHKOBCKOM BO,lJ,03a60pe, pacnOJIO)KeHHOM Ha CeBepO-
3ana,lJ,HOH OKpaHHe MHHCKa, 3a nepHO,lJ, ero 3KCnJIyaTaII.HH C 1932 no
1962 rr. 06lD,ee CHH)KeHHe nepBOHaqaJIbHOrO CTaTHqeCKOrO ypOBHH 3a CqeT
B3aIfMo,lJ,eilcTBIfH CKBa)KHH H cpOpMHpoBaHIfH ,lJ,enpeCCHoHHOH BOpOHKH B II.eH-
TpaJIbHOH ee qaCTH COCTaBHJIO 7 M. Pa,lJ,IfYc cTa6HJIbHOH ,lJ,enpeCCHoHHOH
BOpOHKH B CTOpOHy BO,lJ,Opa3,lJ,eJIa ,lJ,OCTHraeT 3,1 KM. C IOra ,lJ,enpeCCIfOHHa51
BopOHKa OrpaHHGeHa p. CBHCJIOtIbIO, lIpOTeKaIOlD,eli B 1,5 KM OT Bo)],03a60pa.
CHH)KeHHe ypOBHH BO,lJ,bI B MOCKOBCKO-,lJ,HenpOBCKOM BO,lJ,OHOCHOM ro-
pH30HTe H cpOpMHpoBaHHe ,lJ,enpeCCHoHHOH BOpOHKIf Ha6JIIO,lJ,aeTCH TaK)Ke Ha
3eJIeHOBCKoM BO,lJ,03a60pe, pacnOJIO)KeHHOM Ha ceBepO-BOC1'OqHOH OKpaHHe
MIfHcKa. 3,lJ,eCb no Mepe BBO,lJ,a B .3KCnJIyaTaII.IfIO HOBbIX CKBa)KHH ypOBHH
BO,lJ,bI B MOCKOBCKO-,lJ,HenpOBCKOM Me)KMOpeHHoM BO,lJ,OHOCHOM ropH30HTe B
paHoHe BO,lJ,03a60pa nOCTeneHHO CHH)KaJIHCb. 3a nepHO,lJ, C 1954 no 1961 r.
ypOBHH Ha BO,lJ,03a60pe no Ha6JIIO,lJ,aTeJIbHbIM CKBa)KHHaM nOHH3HJIHCb Ha
6 M If pa,lJ,Hyc ,lJ,errpeCCIfoHHOM BOpOHKH ,lJ,OCTHr nOp5I,lJ,Ka 3 KM. B TeqeHHe
1961-1962 rr. YPOBHH BO,lJ,bI npo,lJ,OJI)KaJIH CHH)KaTbCH. Ha6JIIO,lJ,aIOlD,eeCH
CHH)KeHHe YPoBHeH BO,lJ,bI 3a YKa3aHHbIH lIepHO,lJ, CBH,lJ,eTeJIbCTByeT 0 HeycTa-
HOBIfBllleMCH ,lJ,BIf)KeHHIf nO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ,.
IToHH)KeHHe ypOBHH BO,lJ,bI B .3KCnJIyaTHpyeMoM MOCKOBCKO-,lJ,HenpOB-
CKOM BO,lJ,OHOCHOM ropIf30HTe nOBJIeKJIO 3a C060H CHH)KeHIfe ypOBHH BO,lJ,bI
B BbIllleJIe)KalD,eM Ha,lJ,MOCKOBCKOM cpJIIOBIfOrJIHII.HaJIbHOM BO,lJ,OHOCHOM ropH-
30HTe. C 1955 lIO 1962 r. ypoBeHb BO)],bI B Ha,lJ,MOCK:OBCKOM BO,lJ,OHOCHOM
ropH30HTe Ha HaH60JIee HarpY)KeHHOM yqaCTKe BO,lJ,03a60pa nOHH3HJICH Ha
2,5-3,5 M.
Oc06bIIl HHTepec npe,lJ,CTaBJIHeT pa3BHTIfe ,lJ,enpeCCHoHHOH BOpOHKH B Ha-
nopHoM HH)KHeKeM6pHHcKOM BO,lJ,OHOCHOM ropH30HTe B pe3YJIbTaTe HHTeH-
CllBHoro oT60pa lIpecHblx BO)], 3KCnJIyaTaII.HOHHbIMH CKBa)KHHaMH, pacnoJIo-
)KeHHbIMH no BceH TeppHTopIfIf r. MHHcKa B pa,lJ,Ifyce 6-7 KM. 3TOT BO,lJ,O-
HOCHbIH ropIf30HT 'HaH60JIee HHTeHCHBHO .3KCnJIyaTHpOBaJICH B TeqeHHe no-
CJIe,lJ,HIfX 5 JIeT. 3a nepHo.n; C 1958 rro 1962 r. H3 HH)KHeKeM6pHMcKoro BO-
,lJ,OHOCHOro ropIf30HTa Ha TeppHTopHH MHHcKa 52 CKBa)KHHaMIf 6blJI0 OTKa-
GaHO 42,1 MJIH. M 3 BO)],bI. ::ho nOBJIeKJIO 3a C060H 06pa30BaHHe rJIy60KofI
,lJ,enpecCHoHHOH BOpOHKH. YpoBeHb BO,lJ,bI B HH)KHeKeM6pHHcKOM BO,lJ,OHOC-
HOM ropH30HTe B II.eHTpe ,lJ,enpeCCHoHHOH BOpOHKH B 1962 r. CHH3IfJICH no
OTHOllIeHHIO K ypOBHIO .3TOrO )Ke BO,lJ,OHOCHOro ropIf30HTa Ha TeppIfTopHH
ropo,lJ,a B 1958 r. Ha 58-60 M.




68


onHCAHHD nO)J,3EMHbIX BO)J,


Boro COCTaBa. OT BeJIOPYCCKOro MaCCIIBa B CTOPOHY 3ana)J,HOH qaCTll Mo-
CKOBCKOrO apTe3l!aHCKOrO 6aCCeHHa (OpWaHCKa51 Bna)J,l!Ha) npOllCXO)J,IlT
o6lll.ee MOHOKJIl!HaJIbHOe rrOrpYMeHlle Hl!MHerraJIe030HCKl!X l! )J,eBOHCKIIX OT-
JIOMeHIIH.
Ha Teppl!TOpl!1l BCCP BbI)J,eJIeHlle apTe311aHCKl!X 6aCCeHHOB l! o6JIa-
CTeH llX rrllTaHll5l, rll)J,pOreOJIOrllqeCKl!X paHOHOB, orrpe)J,eJI5IeTC5I reOJIOmqe-
CKIIMII CTpYKTypaMl! paHOHa, B COOTBeTCTBlll! C 3TIIM Hl!Me )J,aeTC5I 60JIee
nOJIHa51 fll)J,pOreOJIOmqeCKa51 XapaKTepllCTl!Ka 3TIIX CTpYKTYP - BbI)J,eJIeH-
HbIX apTe311aHCKIIX 6aCCeHHOB.
I paUOH - OeJIOpYCCKUH rU,lI,pOreOJIOrUqeCKUH MaCCUS 3aHIIMaeT OrpOM-
HYIO TeppllTOpl!IO BeJIopyccl!l! B npe)J,eJIaX KpaHHeH 3arra)J,HOH qaCTl! Pyc-
CKOH CIICTeMbI apTe3l!aHCKIIX 6aCCeHHOB. PaHOH XapaKTepl!3yeTC5I OTHOCll-
TeJIbHO 6JIIl3Kl!M 33JIeraHlleM OT rrOBepXHOCTH Kpl!CTaJIJIl!qeCKOrO <PYH)J,a-
MeHTa l! BKJIIOqaeT B ce651 c06CTBeHHO BeJIOpYCCKl!H MaCCIIB C ero CKJIO-
HaMl!, I10JIeCCKYIO, )I\JI06l!HCKYIO II JIaTBIIHCKYIO ce)J,JIOBIIHbI. A6COJIIOTHble'
OTMeTKl! nOBepXHOCTl! rropo)J, Kpl!CTaJIJIl!qeCKOrO <PYH)J,aMeHTa B rrpe)J,eJIax
Bem)PYCCKoro MaCCIIBa - 750 M l! BbIwe. Ha BOCTOK II ceBepo-BocTOK <PYH-
)J,aMeHT nOCTerreHHO rrorpYMaeTC5I B CTOPOHY OpwaHcKoH Brra)J,l!HbI. K lOro-
BOCTOKY, B CTOPOHY I1plln5lTCKOH Brra)J,l!HbI, rrorpYMeHl!e KpllCTaJIJIHqeCKOrO
<PYH)J,aMeHTa )J,OBOJIbHO KpYToe; Ha yqaCTKe fJIYCCK - I1apllqll l! I1apllql!-
fOpBaJIb, no )J,aHHbIM reo<pl!3HKl! l! rJIy60Koro 6ypeHl!51, Kpl!CTaJIJIl!qeCKl!H
<PYH)J,aMeHT l!MeeT pe3Koe CTyrreHqaTOe rra)J,eHHe rro CllCTeMe C6POCOB C 06-
lll.eH aMrrJIIITY)J,oH 1000-4500 M l! 60JIee.
06lll.a51 MOW.HOCTb oca)J,OqHbIX OTJIOMeHl!H Ha rrJIow.a)J,l! Be.'IOPyccKoro
MaCCl!Ba KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 200 M B lI.eHTpaJIbHOH qaCTl! MaCCl!Ba )J,O 600 M
II 60JIee B npe.n.eJIax ero CKJIOHOB. I1oCJIe)J,Hl!e BbI)J,eJIeHbI Ha OTMeTKax OT
-500 )J,O -750 M. Hl!MHerraJIe030HCKl!e OTJIOMeHll51 OT BeJIOPyccKoro Mac-
Cl!Ba B CTOPOHY Brra)J,IlH rrorpYMaIOTC5I no)J, 60JIee MOJIO)J,we rraJIe030HCKlle
II Me3030HCI<He OTJIOMeHl!51. Ha BOCTOqHOM CKJIOHe BeJIOPyccKoro MaCCl!Ba
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CllJIypa l! )J,eBOHa.
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BeJIOPyccKoro MaCCl!Ba HaXO)J,51TC5I B 30He aKTl!BHOro BO)J,006MeHa l! MIIHe-
paJIH3aIJ)I5I llX MeHbwe 1 ciA. Ml!HepaJ1l!3all.l!51 YBeJIl!ql!BaeTC5I )J,O 3-5 c/A
TOJIbKO B HIIMHl!X rOpl!30HTaX Ha rJIy6l!He CBbIwe 300 ,¥t. BO)J,bI HarropHbIe,
Ha OT )J,eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX CaMOl!3JIl!BaIOlll.l!eC5!. BO)J,006l!JIbHOCTb )J,eBOHCi\l!X
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rrO)J,3eMHble BO)J,bI rra.1Je030HCKl!X OTJIOMeHl!H l!MeIOT Ml!HepaJIl!3all.l!IO, )J,O-
cTllraIOw.yIO 50 ciA.
B npe)J,eJIax 3Toro paHoHa )J,JI5I ropo)J,cKoro l! CeJIbCKOrO BO)J,ocHa6Me-
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rrpoBcKoro l! 6epe3l!HCKOrO OJIe)J,eHeHl!H. fJIy6l!HbI CKBaMl!H, 3KcmIyaTl!-
PYIOlll.l!X MOCKOBCKO- )J,HenpoBcKHH . MeMMopeHHbrii BO)J,OHOCHbIH rOpl!30HT
-30-60 M, I1be30MeTpl!qeCKHH ypoBeHb BO)J,bI B CKBaMl!HaX YCTaHaBJIl!-
BaeTC5I Ha rJIy6l!He 2-25 M l! 60JIee OT ITOBepXHocTll 3eMJIl!. I1pOl!3BO)J,l!-
TeJIbHOCTb CKBaMIIH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 8,0 )J,O 82,8 M,3/,WC, rrpl! rrOHl!MeHl!l!
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ql!TeJIbHO MeHbWIIM KOJIl!qeCTBOM CKBaMIIH rJ1y6l!HOH 110p5l)J,K3 50-85 M.
I1be30MeTplIqeCKl!H ypoBeHb BO)J,W YCTaHaBJIl!BaeTC5I Ha Tex Me rJIy6l!HaX,
qTO II B MOCKOBCKO- )J,HerrpoBCKoM Me}!(MOpeHHoM BO)J,OHOCHOM ropll30HTe.




rH,lI.POrEO.TIOrl1'-!ECKOE PArlOHHPOBAHHE


69


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24,0 M 3 /'iaC npH nOHH1KeHHH ypOBH5I BO,ll.bI Ha 8-16 M.
B npe,ll.eJIax paHoHa OT,lI.eJIbHbIe npOMbIWJIeHHbIe npe,ll.npH5ITH5I H Hace-
JIeHHble nYHKTbI qaCTHqHO 'o6eCneqHB31OTC5I 3a CqeT HCnOJIb30BaHHH no,ll.-
3eMHbIX BO,ll. ,lI.OqeTBepTHqHbIX OTJI01KeHJ1H.
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B npe,ll.eJIax nepBoro rH,lI.poreOJIOrHqeCKOrO paHoHa HMelOT pacnpocTpaHe-
HHe H MHHepaJIH30BaHHble BO,ll.bI, npe,ll.cTaBJI5IIOlll.He HHTepec JLJIff 6aJIbHeO-
JIOrHqeCKHX IJ.eJIeH. MHHepaJIH30BaHHble BOJLbI BCKpbITbI CKB3)KHHaMH B
MHHcKe H Eo6PYHcKe B OTJI01KeHH5IX HH1KHerO KeM6pHff (rJLOBcKHe CJIOH)
Ha rJIy6HHe COOTBeTCTBeHHO 301,5 H 271,2 M, a TaK1Ke B EopHcoBe H Mo-
rHJIeBe B OTJI01KeHH5IX cpeJLHerO JLeBOHa Ha r JIy6HHe 174;68 H 290 M. MHHe-
paJIH30BaHHble BOJLbI BCKpbITbI CKBa1KHHaMH TaK1Ke H Ha JLpyrHx yqaCTKaX
BbIJLeJIeHHOrO pailoHa. 06lll.a5I MHHepaJIH3aIJ.H5I BOJLbI B MHHCKOH cKBa1KHHe
Ha fJIy6H.He 554,87 M JLOCT!1raeT 27,25 2/A. C rJIy6HHoH MHHepaJIH3aIJ.H5I
BO,/l.bI B03paCTaeT.
Ha yqaCTKe r JIy6oKoro TeKTOHHqeCKOrO norpY1KeHH5I KpHCTaJIJIHqe-
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30KaHH030HCKoro B03paCTa H, cMeWHB35ICb C npecHbIMH BO,/l.aMH, o6pa3YlOT
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B IJ.eHTpaJIbHOH qacTH EeJIOpyccKoro MaCCHBa BbI,/I.eJI5IeTC5I nJIOlll.a,/l.b
C HaJ160JIee npHnO,/l.H5ITbIM MOpHHCKO-Eo6oBH5IHCKHM BbIcTynoM KpHCTaJI-
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<pYH,/I.aMeHTa ,/I.OCTHraeT 3JLeCb MaKC'HMaJIbHbIX OTMeTOK 60-83 M BbIwe
YPOBH5I MOp5I. MOlll.HOCTb oca,/l.OqHOrO rrOKpOBa He npeBblwaeT 100-250 M.
Oca,/l.OqHble nopO,/l.bI B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH Mepe npOMbITbI Ha BCIO MOlll.HOCTb,
B CB5I3H C qeM npeCHble BO,/l.bI cO,/l.ep1KaTC5I He TOJIbKO B oca,/l.OtIHOM qeXJIe,
HO H B BbIBeTpeJIOH 3()He KpHCTaJI.TIHqeCKOrO <pYH,/I.aMeHTa. flOpO,LJ,bI KPH-
CTaJIJIHtIeCKOrO <pYH):(aMeHTa nOKpbIBaIOTC5I 3):(eCb oca):(KaMH BOJIbIHO-Ball-
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,LJ,eJI5IIOTC5I B pa3JIHqHOH CTeneHH 3aKpbITble CTPYKTypbI C nOCTeneHHbIM no-
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MOlll.blO CKBa1KHH r JIy6HHOH nOp5:l):(Ka 35-86 M. BO):(oBMelll.alOlll.He nOpO,LJ,bI
npe):(cTaBJIeHbI B OCHOBHOM MeJIK03epHHcTbIMH necKaMH, pe1Ke cpe):(He3epHH-
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pHqeCKHH ypOBeHb BO):(bI B CKBa1KHHax YCT3HaBJIHBaeTC5:I Ha r JIy6HHe 1,5-
15 M, pe1Ke 23-33 M HH1Ke nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. npOH3Bo,LJ,HTeJIbHOCTb
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Ha 2,5-8 M.




70


onHCAHHE nO)J.3EMHbIX BOJl


A6COJIlOTHbIe OTMeTKH nOBepXHOCTH KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKOrO <PYH.lI,aMeHTa
B npe,n:eJIaX nOJIeCCKOH Ce,n:JIOBHHbI COCTaBJI5IlOT 300-500 oM HH)Ke ypOBHH
MOpH. K BOCTOqHOH OKpali'He Ce.lI,JIOBHHbI npHMbIKaeT CHHKeBHqCKo-)l(HTKo-
BHqCKHH BbICTyn KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKOrO <PYH.lI,aMeHTa C a6COJIlOTHbIMH OTMeT-
KaMH 102-114 oM BbIlUe ypOBHH MOpH.
B nOJIeCCKOH ce,n:JIOBHHe Ha nopo.lI,ax KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKOrO <PYH.lI,aMeHTa,
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naJIeOreHOBoro, HeoreHOBoro H qeTBepTHqHOrO B03pacTa. BbI.lI,ep)KaHHbIe
pemOHaJIbHbIe BO.lI,oynopbI 3,n:eCb OTCYTCTBYlOT, BC5I TOJ1ma OCa.lI,OqHbIX no-
pO.lI, HaXO.lI,HTC5I B 30He aKTHBHoro BO.lI,006MeHa. BO.lI,bI npecHble HJIH cJIa60-
COJIOHOBaTble. BO.lI,006HJIbHOCTb BO.lI,OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, npHypOqeHHbIX
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CaMOH3JIHBalOmYlOC5I BO.lI,Y.
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nO.lI,3eMHblX BO.lI, naJIe030HCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH opecTcKoH H npHn5ITCKOH Bna-
.lI,HH. ,lI,JI5I BO.lI,OCHa6)KeHH5I Ha 60JIblUeH qaCTH nOJI8CCKOH Ce.lI,J10BHHbI oc-
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lll.He nOpO.lI,bI KOToporo npe.lI,CTaBJIeHbI HepaCqJIeHeHHblMH aJIJIlOBHaJIbHO-
<pJIlOBHOr JI5IILHaJIbHbIMH OTJIO)KeHH5IMH MOCKOBCKO- ,n:HenpoBcKoro H .lI,HenpOB-
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HHCTbIMH MOlll.HOCTblO OT 6 .lI,0 25 oM H 60JIee. f JIy6HHa CKBa)KHH Ha 3TOT
BO.lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT COCTaBJI5IeT 23-65 oM; nbe30MeTpHqeCKHH YPoBeHb
BO.lI,bI B CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaeTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe 2-5 oM OT nOBepxHocTH
3eMJIH. ,lI,e6HT CKBa)KHH KOJIe6JIeTCH B npe.lI,eJIax 10,1-11,88 oM 3 /4,aC npH
nOHH)KeHHH YPOBH5I BO.lI,bI Ha 1',5-4 oM.
B lO)KHOH qaCTH nOJIeCCKOH Ce.lI,JIOBHHbI BepXH5IH BO.lI,oynopHa5I MopeHa
B 60JIblUHHCTBe CJIyqaeB OTCYTcTByeT (pa3MbITa), B CB5I3H C qeM nO.lI,MO-
peHHbIH BO.lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT nepeXo.lI,l!T B ropH30HT rpyHToBbIX (6e3-
HanopHbIx) BO.lI" MOmHOCTb KOToporo .lI,OcmraeT 40 oM H 60JIee. 3TOT ropH-
30HT rpYHToBblX BO.lI" a Hepe.lI,Ko COBMeCTHO C BO.lI,aMH aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX OT-
JIO)KeHHH lUHpOKO 3KCnJIyaTHpyeTcH (.lI,JI5I CeJIbCKOrO BO.lI,OCHa6)KeHH5I)
CKBa)KHHaMH rJIy6HHoH 19-30 M. ,lI,e6HT CKBa)KHH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 7,2 .lI,0
11,9 oM 3 /4,aC npH nOHH)KeHHH CTaTJ-IqeCKOrO ypOBHH BO.lI,bI Ha 2-3 oM.
)l\JI06HHCKa5I Ce.lI,JIOBHHa npe.lI,CTaBJI5IeT C060H Y3KHH nepelUeeK, coe-
.lI,HH5IlOlll.HH oeJIOpyccKHH H BOpOHe)KCKHH MaCCHBbI H pa3.lI,eJI5IlOlll.HH 3a-
na.lI,HYlO qaCTb nO.lI,MOCKOBcKoro apTe3HaHcKoro 6accelIHa (OplUaHCKa5I Bna-
.lI,HHa) H npHn5ITcKYlO Bna.lI,HHY. Ha yqaCTKe )l(JI06HHCKOH Ce.lI,JIOBHHbI KPH-
CTaJIJIHqeCKHH <pYH.lI,aMeHT 3aJIeraeT Ha a6COJIlOTHbIX OTMeTKax 450-750 oM.
BOpOHe)KCKHH MaCCHB B npe.lI,eJIbI oeJIOpyccHH 3aXO.lI,HT Y3KOH nOJIO-
COH, r.lI,e KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKHH <pYH.lI,aMeHTa norpY)KeH Ha rJIy6HHY 350-500 oM
nU)Ke YPOBH5I MOp5I. BepxHHe ropH30HTbl .lI,eBOHa, OTJIO)KeHH5I lOPbI, MeJIa,
n
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THBHoro BO.lI,006MeHa H CO.lI,ep)KaT npeCHbIe BO.lI,bI, qaCTO HanopHbIe, Ha OT-
.lI,eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX CaMOH3JIHBalOmHeC5I. BO.lI,006HJIbHOCTb ropH30HTOB, npH-
ypOqeHHblX K OTJIO)KeHHHM .lI,eBOHa H MeJIa, 3Haql!TeJIbHa5I.
OCHOBHblM BO.lI,OHOCHbIM ropH30HTOM .lI,JI5I BO.lI,OCHa6)KeHH5I KpynHblx BO-
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obIXOBa, CJIaBrOpO.lI,a, KJIHMOBHqeH, KpaCHOnOJIb5I, KOCTlOKOBHqeH, Pora-
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)KHHaMH rJIy6HHoH 50-155 oM. npOH3BO.lI,HTeJIbHOCTb CKBa)KHH KOJIe6JIeTC5I




p

orEonorH4EOKOE PAflOHHPOBAHHE


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B rrpe,ll,enax )l(n0611HcKOH Ce,ll,nOBI1HbI 3KcrrnyaTI1pYlOTC5I B OCHOBHOM
rrO,ll,3eMHbIe BO,ll,bI lleTBepTI111HbIX OTnO)KeHI1H. f ny611Ha CKBa)KI1H Ha 3TI1 BO-
,ll,bI rrOp5I,II,Ka 30-50 M, rrbe30MeTpl111eCKI1H ypoBeHb BO,ll,bI B HI1X YCTaHaB-
.1JI1BaeTC5I Ha r ny611He 1,3-2 I M HI1)Ke rroBepXHOCTI1 3eMnl1. BO,ll,OBMeIl1,alO-
Il1,l1e rrOpO,ll,bI rrpe,ll,CTaBneHbI MenKO
 11 cpe,ll,He3epHI1CTbIMI1, pe2Ke KpyrrH03ep-
HI1CTbIMI1 rreCKaMI1 C He60nbUll1M cO,ll,ep)KaHl1eM rpaBI15I 11 ranbKI1. Molll,-
HOCTb BO,ll,OHOCHoro ropl130HTa 113MeH5IeTC5I OT 10 ,11,0 35 M, ,ll,OCTl1r{l5I Ha OT-
,ll,enbHbIX YllacTKax 40 M. Op0I13BO,ll,I1Tenb'HOCTb CKBa)KI1H KOJ1e6neTC5I OT
11,8 ,11,0 64,8 M 3 /t.tac rrpl1 rrOHI12KeHI1I1 ypOBH5I BO,ll,bI Ha 8-11 M.
HeoreH-rraneoreHoBbIH BO,ll,OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC 3KCrrJIyaTI1pyeTC5I TOJIb-
KO e,ll,I1HI111HbIMI1 CKBa)KI1HaMI1 r JIy611HOH 47-66 M. 0 p0I13BO,ll,I1TeJIbHOCTb I1X
KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 18,0 ,11,0 36,0 M 3 /t.tac rrpl1 rrOHI1)KeHI1I1 ypOBH5I BO,ll,bI Ha
4-8M.
3arra,ll,Ha5I KpaeBa5I llaCTb CKJIOHOB BeJIOpyccKoro MaCCI1Ba xapaKrepl1-
3yeTC5I 3aJIeraHI1eM KpI1CTaJIJII111eCKOro cpYH,II,aMeHTa Ha a6COJIIOTHbIX OTMeT-
Kax 200-400 M HI1)Ke ypOBH5I MOp5l. OOpO,ll,bI KpI1CTaJIJII111eCKOro cpYH,II,a-
MeHTa 3,11,eCb rrepeKpbIBalOTC5I I1JII1 rrOpO,ll,aMI1 BO.J1bIHO-Ba.J1,11,aHCKOH Cepl1l1,
I1JII1 IOpCKI1MH OTJIO:tKeHI151MI1. BbIUle 3aJIeraIOT OTJIO)KeHI151 MeJIOBOH, rraJIe-
oreHOBOH, HeoreHOBOH 11 lleTBepTI111HOH CI1CTeM. BO,ll,bI IOpCKI1X, MeJIOBblX,
naJIeOreHOBbIX 11 HeoreHOBbIX OTJIO)KeHI1H, HaXO,ll,51Cb B 30He I1HTeHCI1BHOrO
BO,ll,006MeHa, xapaKTepl13YIOTC5I CJIa60H MI1HepaJII13aUl1eH.
BbICOKYIO BO,ll,006I1JIbHOCTb 3,11,eCb I1MeeT IOpCKI1H BO,ll,OHOCHbIH KOM-
nJIeKC, KOTOpbIH 5IBJI5IeTC5I OCHOBHbIM ,ll,JI5I 06eCrrelleHI15I BO,ll,OCHa6)KeHI151 Kpyrr-
HbIX HaCeJIeHHbIX rrYHKTOB. BO,ll,OHOOHbIH rOpl130HT 3aJIeraeT Ha r JIy611He
247-313 M. BO,ll,OBMeIl1,alOIl1,l1e rrOpO,ll,bI rrpe,ll,cTaBJIeHbI KaBepH03HbIMI1 11
TpeIl1,I1HOBaTbIMI1 113BeCTH5IKaMI1, rreCKaMI1 H cJIa60CueMeHTI1pOBaHHbIMH rrec-
llaHI1KaMI1. MOIl1,HOCTb BO,ll,OHOCHOro rOpl130HTa ,ll,OCTl1raeT 40 M 11 60JIee,
YBeJII111I1Ba5lcb B 3arra,ll,HOM HarrpaBJIeHI1I1. OOBceMecTHo IOpCKI1H BO,ll,OHOC-
HbIH ropl130HT rrepeKpbIBaeTC5I 06BO,ll,HeHHbIMI1 ceHOMaHCKHMH rreCKaMI1.
CKBa)KI1HbI, BCKpbIBUll1e IOpCKI1H BO,ll,OHOCHbIH rOpl130HT B paHoHe r. fpO,ll,HO
H ,ll,ep. f JIe60BI111I1, ,ll,alOT CaM0I13JII1BalOIl1,YIOC5I BO,ll,y, rrbe30MeTpl111eCKI1H ypo-
BeHb YCTaHaBJII1BaeTC5I Ha 9-22 M BbIIlle rrOBepXHOCTI1 3eMJII1. Op0I13BO,ll,I1-




72


onHCAHHE nO,ll,3EMHbIX BO,ll,


TeJIbHOCTb CKBa1Kl!H KOJIe6JIeTC5I B rrpe,ll,eJIaX OT 32,4 ,lI,O 151,2 M 3 !'iaC rrpl!
nOHl!1KeHl!l! YPOBH5I BO,ll,bI Ha 4-34 M.
OOBceMecTHbIM pacrrpoCTpaHeHllM B rrpe,ll,eJIax orrl!CbIBaeMoro rl!,lI,po-
reOJIOrl!'leCKOro paBoHa rrOJIb3YIOTC5I rrO,ll,3eMHble BO,ll,bI ceHOMaHCKoro BO,ll,O-
HOCHoro ropH30HTa; fJIy6HHa ero 3aJIeraHI15I -213-242 M. BO,ll,OBMeIll,aIO-
Ill,l1e rropo,ll,bI rrpe,ll,CTaBJIeHbI TOHKO- l! MeJIK03epHl!CTbIMl! rreCKaMI1, MOIll,-
HOCTb KOTOpbIX paBHa 34-50 M. OpOl!3Bo,ll,l!TeJIbHOCTb CKBa1Kl!H rrOp5I,lI,Ka
10,8-21,6 M 3 /'iaC rrpl! rrOHI11KeHl!l! YPOBHff BO,ll,bI Ha 6-25 M.
)J,JI5I CeJIbCKOrO BO,ll,oCHa61KeHl!5I 3,l1,eCb TaK1Ke 3KCrrJIyaTl!pYIOTC5I rrOk
3eMHble BO,ll,bI 'leTBepTl!qHbIX OTJI01KeHl!H, rrpeHMYIll,eCTBeHHo MOCKOBCKO-
,LJ,HerrpOBCKHH: l! rrO,ll,MOpeHHbIH, pe1Ke .lLHerrpOBcKo-6epe3l!HCKl!H aJIJIIOBl!aJIb-
HO-<pJIlOBI10rJIRILl!BJIbHble BO,ll,OHOCHble rOpl!30HTbI. fJIy6l!Ha CKBa1KHH 30-
90 M, ,lI,e6HT 7,2-28,8 M 3 /'iaC rrpl! rrOHl!1KeHl!l! YPOBH5I BO,ll,bI Ha 6-27 M.
II paHoH - npHnSlTcKHH apTe3HaHcKHH 6acceHH. PaBOH 3aHl!MaeT ceBe-
pO-3arra,ll,HYIO qaCTb )J,HerrpoBcKo- )J,oHeILKoro apTe3I1aHCKOro 6acceHHa (Opl!-
rr5ITCKa5I Brra,ll,I1Ha) . OT BeJIOPyccKoro l! YKpal!HCKOrO MaCCl!BOB OplmffT-
CKaff Brra,LJ,l!Ha OTrpaHl!QeHa 30HaMH KpyrrHMx TeKTOHHIJeCKI1X pB3JIOMOB B
Bl!.n:e CTyrreHIlBTbIX C6POCOB 60JIbillOM aMIIJIHTy.n:bI. B ILeHTpa.TIbHOH IlaCTl!
Opl!rr5ITCKOH Brra.n:l!HM rJIy6l!Ha 3aJIeraHl!5I KpHCTaJIJIl!'leCKOro <pYH.n:aMeHTa
KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 2500-3000 M Ha CBo.n:ax CTPYKTYP .n:o 4500-5000 M l! 60-
JIee B Hal!60JIee orrYIll,eHHbIX yqaCTKaX .n:errpeCCl!H. Ha Kpl!CTaJIJIl!qeCKOM
<PYH.n:aMeHTe 3aJIeraIOT OTJIO)KeHl!ff BepxHero rrpoTep030ff, HH1KHerO KeM6-
pl!5I, ,LJ,eBOH a, a TaK1Ke Bcex 60JIee MO.TIO.n:bIX Cl!CTeM. 06lII,35I MOlII,HOCTb
oca.n:OqHoro rroKpoBa B ILeHT.paJIbHOH IlaCTl! Brra,ll,HHbI ,ll,OCTl!raeT 60JIee
4500 M.
K rrOpO,ll,aM BbIBeTpeJIOH 30HbI Kpl!CTaJIJIHqeCKOrO <pYH,II,aMeHTa, OT.!J.O-
1KeHl!ffM BepxHero rrpoTep0305I, Hl!1KfIerO KeM6pl!5I, cpe,ll,Hero l! BepXHero
,ll,eBOH a rrpl!ypoIleHbI paCCOJIbI XJIOpl!,II,HO-H aTpl!eBOro l! XJIOpl!,II,HO-KaJIbILl!e-
Bora COCTaBa C Ml!HepaJIl!3alI,l!eH: 350-392 c/Il l! 60JIee. HamIIll!e COJIffHO-
KyrrOJIbHbIX CTPYKTYP crroc06cTByeT 3aCOJIeHl!IO BO,ll, BepXHl!X rOpl!30HTOB
BrrJIOTb ,11,0 IOpCKl!X OTJI01KeHl!H, a 6JIOKOBa5I TeKTOHl!Ka C03,11,aeT YCJIOBl!5I
,ll,JI5I BepTJIKBJIbHOH MHrpaILHl! rrO,ll,3eMHbIX BO.n:. Tpl!aCOBbIe OTJI01KeHHff
B paHoHe HaH60JIee rJIy60Koro l!X 33JIeraHHff CO,ll,ep1K3T BO,LJ,y C MI1HepaJIl!-
3alI,I1eH 50-70 c/ Il. B IOpCKl!X, MeJIOBbIX, rraJIeOreHOBbIX I1 HeoreHOBbIX OT-
JI01KeHl!5IX BO,LJ,bI rrpeCHbIe, HarropHble. B HeKOTopbIX CKBB1Kl!HaX BO,ll,a YCTa-
naBJIl!BaeTC5i BbIIlle rrOBepXHOCTl! 3eMJIl!.
B rrpep,eJIBX P3HOHB OCHOBHble HCTOIlHl!KH KpyrrHoro ILeHTpaJIl!30BaHHoro
BO):(OCH361KeHH5I CB5I3BHbI C rraJIeOreHOBbIMH l! HeoreHOBbIMH OTJI01KeHl!5IMl!.
r JIy6l!HbI CKBa1Kl!H, 3KCrrJIyaTHpyIOIll,HX HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO,LJ,OHOCHbIH.
KOMrrJIeKC, COCTaBJI5IIOT 36-93 M. Bo):(oBMeIll,aIOIll,l!e rrOpO,LJ,bI rrpe,LJ,CTaBJIeHbI
rreCKaMl! OT MeJIKO- ,LJ,O KpynHo3epHl!CTbIX; MOIll,HOCTb rreCKOB l!3MeH5IeTC5I
OT 5 ,11,0 37 .,1,1 H 60JIee. Obe30MeTpHIlecKHi'I ypOBeHb BO):(bI B CKBB1KHHBX,
BCKpbIBlUl!X BO):(y B 3Tl!X rreCK3X, YCTaHaBm-IBaeTC5I Ha fJIy6l!He 1,3-19 ,Nt
Hl!1Ke IIoBepxHocTH 3eMJIl!. )J,e6l!T CKBa1Kl!H KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 14,4 )],0
30,2 M 3 /'iaC rrpl! rrOHl!1KeHl!l! ypOBH5I BO,ll,bI COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 11 l! 6 .,1,1.
Ull!pOKOe pacrrpocTpaHeHl!e B rrpe):(eJIax paHoHa l!MeIOT BO,LJ,bI qeTBep-
Tl!IlHbIX OTJI01KeHl!H, KOTopbIe 3,LJ,eCb lUHpOKO l!CrrOJIb3YIOTC5I, rJIaBHbIM 06pa-
30M, ,ll,JI5I CeJIbCKOX035iBCTBeHHoro BO):(OCHa61KeHl!5I. CpeLLH HI1X Hal160JIblUHH
l!HTepeC rrpe,lI,CTaBJI5IeT rrO,lI,MopeHHbIH ropH30HT, BO,lI,OBMeIl1,aIOIl1,l!e rropO,lI,bI
KOToporo rrpe,LJ,CTaBJIeHbI rrpeHMYIl1,eCTBeHHO MeJIKO- l! cpe,lI,He3epHl!CTbIMl! rre-
CKaMH, pe1Ke KpyrrH03epHl!CTbIMl!. MOIll,HOCTb rreCKOB l!3MeH5IeTC5I OT 6 ,11,0
30 M l! 6oJIee. 0 pOH3Bo,lI,l!TeJIbHOCTb CKBa1Kl!H KOJIe6J1eTC5I OT 18,0 ,lI,D
33,1 M 3 /'iaC rrpl! rrOHl!1KemIH ypOBH5I BO,lI,bI Ha 2 11 12 M.
Ha 3HaqI1TeJIbHOB nJIOIll,a,LJ,H I01KHOH QaCTH pBi'IOHa MopeHHbIe ropl!-
30HTbI pa3JIl!QHOro B03paCTa pa3MblTbI, B pe3YJIbTaTe qero 3):(eCb 06pa3Y-
eTCH o.n:IJH 06rJ;HH ropH30HT rpYHTOBbIX BO,lI, MOIll,HOCTbIO ,lI,O 45 M, rrpl!Ypo-




fH,LLPOfEOJIOfHLiE,CKOE PAl10HHPOBAHl1E


73


qeHHblH K aJIJIIOBHaJIbHa-cpJIIOBHarJI5UI,HaJIbHbIM aT JI01KeHH5IM. r JIy6HHbI
3I{CnJIyaTall.HaHHbIX CKBa1KHH -27-30 M; rrbe30MeTpH'leCKHH ypoBeHb BOJJ,bI
B CKBa1KHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaeTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe 2,5-6 M HH1Ke rraBepxHocTH
3eMJIH; }J,e6HT CKBa1KHH Ko.TJ.e6JIeTC5I B rrpeJJ,eJIax aT 7,2 JJ,O 18,0 M 3 /,WC rrpH
rraHH1KeHHH ypaBH5I BOJJ,bl H3 5-2 M.
BaJJ,bI MeJIOBbIX H IOpCKHX OTJI01KeHHH Ha TeppHTopHH paHaHa He)J,a-
CTaTatfHO H3ytfeHbl, Ha no. reOJIOrHtfeCKHM H rH,n:pareaJIOrHtfeCKHM YCJIOBH5IM
aHH HeCOMHeHHO npeJJ,CTaBJI5IIOT rrpaKTHtfeCKHH HHTepec.
B paHoHe r. Ma3b1p5I IOpCKHH BOJJ,aHocHbIH ropH30HT BCKpblT CKBa1KH-
HOH Ha rJIy6HHe OKOJIo. 182 M. BOJJ,oBMeIll,31OIll,He rropaJJ,bl npeJJ,cTaBJIeHbI
MeJIK03epHHCTbIMH rreCKaMH. ,lLe6HT CKBaMHHbI COCTaBJI5IJI 11,5 M 3 /tiaC rrpH
rrOHH1KeHHH YPOBH5I BOJJ,bI Ha 20 M. BaJJ,a rrpeCHa5I.
fJIy6aKHMH rrOHCKOBo.-pa3BeJJ,OtfHbIMH CKBa1KHHaMH Ha Hecpn H ra3
B npeJJ,eJIax orrHCblBaeMara pal'IaHa B Me1KCOJIeBblX H rrOJJ,COJIeBblX (JJ,eBoH-
CKHX) OTJIOMeHH5IX, rrpe,n:CTaBJIeHHbIX MOpCKHMH TeppHreHHblMH ocaJJ,KaMH,
BCKpblBaIOTC5I BblcoKOKaHlI.eHTpHpoBaHHble HOJJ,a-6paMHble paCCOJIbI. Ha
rJIy6HHe CBblllle 3200 M. MHHep3JIH3all.H5I rraJJ,3eMHbIX BaJJ, JJ,OCTHraeT
350 c{/l H 6oJIee. B HHX HepeJJ,KO cOJJ,ep1KaTC5I rrpaMblillJIeHHble KOHlI.eHTpa-
lI.HH 6paMa H HOJJ,a. Obe30MeTpHtfeCKHH ypaBeHb BOJJ,bI B CKBa1KHHaX yCTa-
HaBJIHBaeTC5I 06bltfHa Ha fJIy6HHe aT 22,7 JJ,O 420 .M HH1Ke rroBepxHocTH
3eMJIH, JJ,e6HT CKBaMHH KaJIe6JIeTC5I B rrpeJJ,eJIax 1,1-12 M. 3 /'lac rrpH .rrOHH-
MeHHH rrbe3aMeTpHqeCKarO ypaBH5I BaJJ,bI Ha 54-447 M. B paHoHe r. EJIbCK3
Ha rJIy6HHe 2783 M. CKB. 18 JJ,aJI3 C3MaH3JIHB MHHepaJIH30BaHHoH Bo.JJ,bl
B KOJlHqeCTBe 72 M. 3 {'lac. OTJJ,eJIbHble CKBa1KHHbI BCKpbIBalOT cepaBaJJ,apoJJ,-
Hble paCCOJIbI, KOTopble 5IBJI5IIOTC5I 3HaJIOraMH illHpaKo H3BeCTHblX lI.eJIe6-
HbIX BOJJ, Mall.eCTbI.
PaCCOJIbI xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I JJ,OBOJIbHO BblcaKaH TeMrrepaTYPoH. Do.
JJ,aHHbIM TepMoKapOTa1Ka, B EJIbCKo.H CKB. 17 HX TeMrrepaTypa Ha rJIy6HHe
2600 M COCTaBJI5IeT 39,5°C, a B I1epBaMaHcKaH CKB. 1 Ha 3TOH 1Ke rJIY-
6HHe - 67,9° C, a Ha rJIy6HHe 3500 M. - 80,8° C.
III paHoH - 6pecTcKuH apTe3uaHcKuH oacceHH- 3aHHMaeT ceBepo-Bo-
CTOqHYIO tfaCTb OOJIbCKa-JIHToBcKora apTe3HaHCKaro 6acceHHa B rrpeJJ,e-
JIax EpecTcKoi'r BnaJJ,HHbI.
EpeCTCKa5I BnaJJ,HHa rrpe,n:CTaBJI5IeT co6aH CTPYKTYPY, OrpaHH'leHHYIO
C ceBepa EeJIOpycCKI1M MaCCHBOM, C BOCTaKa OaJIeCCKaH ceJJ,JIaBHHOH H C
IOra KaBeJIbCKHM naJJ,H5ITHeM KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKarO CPYHJJ,aMeHTa. Ha 3arraJJ,e
aHa CJIHBaeTC5I C OOJIbCKa-JII1TOBCKOH BrraJJ,I1HaH. A6ca.JIIOTHble OTMeTKH na-
BepXHaCTH KpHCTaJIJIHtfeCKOro cpYHJJ,aMeHTa BrraJJ,HHbI COCTaBJI5IIOT 1700-
2500 M HH1Ke ypOBH5I MOp5I. OopaJJ,bI HH1KHerO KeM6pH5I B rrpeJJ,eJIax EpeCT-
cKaH BrraJJ,HHbI rraKpbIBalOTC5I OTJI01KeHH5IMH cpeJJ,Hero. KeM6pH5I, OpJJ,oBHKa,
CHJIypa, rrepMH, TpHaca, IOpbl, MeJIa, naJIeOreHOBOH, Heo.reHo.Bo.H H tfeTBep-
THqHaH Cl1CTeM. Bo.JJ,bI rJIy60KHX ropH30HTOB rraJIe03a5I rrOqTH He H3yqeHbI.
HaxOJJ,5ICb B 30He 3aTpYJJ,HeHHora BOJJ,oo.6MeHa, 3TH BOJJ,bI, rrO-BHJJ,HMo.MY,
xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I BbICOKOH MHHepaJIH3all.Heil. BaJJ,bI IOpCKHX, MeJIaBbIX, rra-
JIeoreHaBbIX H HeoreHOBblX OTJIOMeHHH rrpeCHble, Ha OT,n:eJIbHbIX ytfaCTKaX
ca MOH 3JI HBalO ll1.HeC5I.
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paHaHa HCnOJIb3YIOTC5I HarropHble BOJJ,bI IOpCKHX H MeJIOBblX OT JI01KeHHH.
IOpCKHH BOJJ,OHOCHbIH KaMrrJIeKC 3a.'1eraeT Ha rJIy6HHe aT 150 (r. Ko6pI-w)
JJ,O 200 M. (r. EpecT). BOJJ,oBMell1.alOll1.He rrapoJJ,bI rrpe,n:CTaBJIeHbl H3BeCTH5I-
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OT 50,4 Jl,0 79,2 M 3 1ttac rrpH rrOHH)KeHHH ypOBHH BOJl,bI Ha 7,5-17 M.
llIHpoKHM pacrrpocTpaHeHHeM B rrpeJl,eJIax paMoHa rrOJIb3YIOTCH BOJl,bI Me-
JIOBbIX OTJIO)KeHHM, BbICOKaH BOJl,006HJIbHOCTb KOTOpbIX OTMelJeHa TOJIbKO
B paHoHe BpeCTa H K06pHHa. lI.eHTpaJIH30BaHHoe BOJl,oCHa6)KeHHe r. Bpe-
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ropH30HTa, KOJIe6JIeTCff B rrpe/1,eJIax OT 25,2 /1,0 90,0 M 3 jttaC rrpH rrOHH)KeHHH
YPOBHH Ha 11,5-25 M. Ha ,lJ,Pyrrrx YlJaCTKaX paHoHa Jl,e6HTbI OTJl,eJIbHblX
CKBa)KHH, 3KCrrJIyaTHpyIOIll,HX BOJl,bI MepreJIbHO- MeJIOBOH TOJIIll,H, KOJIe6JIIOTCH
B rrpeJl,eJIax OT 9,0 ,lJ,0 26,0 M 3 /ttac rrpH rrOHH)KeHHH ypOBHH BO,lJ,bI Ha 13-
30 M H rJIy6H'He CKBa)KHH 40-177 M.
,lJ,JIH ropoJl,cKoro H B oc06eHHocTH CeJIbCKOrO BOJl,OCHa6)KeHHH Ha 'fep-
pHTOpHH paHoHa 60JIbIIIHM KOJIHlJeCTBOM CKBa)KHH 3KCl1JIyaTHpYIOTCff BO/1,bl
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CTaBJI5!IOT 24-85 M. BOJl,OBMeIll,3IOIll,He rropoJl,bI rrpeJl,cTaBJIeHbI, B OCHOB-
HOM, MeJIKO- H cpe.n:He3epHHcTbIMH rreCKaMH, MOIll,HOCTb KOTOpbIX H3Me-
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B CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha rJIy6HHe 1,2-19 M H 60JIee HH)Ke rro-
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25 ,lJ,0 45 M. ,lJ,e6HT CKBa)KH'H KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 8,0 ,lJ,0 26,0 M 3 /ttac rrpH rrOHH-
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lJeHHbIe B HHX, HMeIOT BbICOKYIO MHHepaJIH3a
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XA'PAKTEPHCTHKA BOLLOHOCHbIXrOPH30HTOB


75


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pH30HTbl 3,n:eCb B OCHOBHOM liCnOJIb3YIOTC5I LLJI5I CeJIbCKOrO BOLLoCHa 6.IKeHli5I
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7 ,14.


XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BOAOHOCH
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31eH )),0 HeCK031bKHX )),eC5ITKOB 31HTpOB B ceKYH)),Y.
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31HKH II031b3YIOTC5I IIOBceMeCTHbIM pacIIpoCTpaHeHHeM. Ha 6031bWeH ee II310-
IlI,a)),H )),OqeTBepTHqHble OT3102KeHH5I 3a31eraIOT HH2Ke MeCTHbIX 6a3HcoB .3pO-
3HH H )),peHHpoBaHbI c31a60. MOIll,HOCTb )),OqeTBepTHqHbIX IIOpO)), H xapaKTep
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)),oIIa31e030HCKoro <j:JYH)),aMeHTa II pHII0)), H5ITbI BbICOKO, MOIll,HOCTb )),oqeTBep-
THqHbIX OT3102KeHHH He IIpeBblwaeT 300-700 .M. Bo BIIa)),HHax IIoBepxHocTb
)),oIIa31e030HCKoro <j:JYH)),aMeHTa IIorpY2KaeTC5I Ha 6031bWYIO r31y6HHY, B CB5I-
3H C .3THM MOIll,HOCTb )),OqeTBepTHqHbIX OT3102KeHHH B03paCTaeT )),0 1000-
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H 6031ee.
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31HT0310rHqeCKHM COCTaBOM oIIpe)),e315IeTC5I KapTHHa pacIIpe)),e31eHH5I BO)),OHOC-
HbIX KOMII31eKCOB H OT )),e31bHbIX BO)),OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB B pa331HqHbIX paHo-
Hax TeppHTopHH BCCP, CTeIIeHb Bo)),006H31bHOCTH OT )),e31bHbIX BO)),OHOCHbIX
ropH30HTOB, a TaK2Ke H3MeHeHH5I XHMHqeCKOro COCTaBa IIO)),3eMHbIX BO)),
H HX 06Il1,eH MHHepa31H3all,HH.
HH2Ke IIpHBe)),eHa xapaKTep!1CTHKa pa3BHTbIX Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP
BO)),OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB H KOMII31eKCOB, IIepeqeHb KOTOpbIX npHBe)),eH B r.iTa-
Be I I.




78


onHCAHHE nO)l,3EMHbiX BO)l,


BOiJOHOCHblU ZOpll30Hm C08peNeHHbiX a./l./l108Ila./lbHO-03epHO-
(fO./lOmHbIX Om./lO;m;eHIlU (aI, 1, hQ/v)
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BHTHe 60310T,OT)I,e31bHble MaCCHBbI KOTOpbIX 3aHHMa1OT Il310IJJ:a)l,b )1,03000 K.M 2 .
3HaqHTe31bHa.H qaCTb 60310T 06pa30Ba31aCb Ha cpaBHHTe31bHO MOIJJ:HbIX Ilec-
qaHbIX OT3102KeHH.HX peqHblX IlOHM, Ha,Il.IloHMeHHblx Teppac H 3aH)I,pOBbIX
paBHHH. Oc06eHHo 6031bIlIOe K031HqeCTBO 60310T HaXO)l,HTC.H B 102KHOH qaCTH
Ee310pyccHH (n031eCCKa.H HH3MeHHocTb), r)l,e OHH 3aHHMa1OT Il310IJJ:a)l,b OKO-
310 6 M31H. 2a. 3a6031oqe'HHa.H Il310IJJ:a)l,b 06bIQHO IlpHypOQeHa K cOBpeMeH-
HbIM peQHbIM )l,031HHaM.
BO)l,oBMeIJJ:a1OIJJ:HMH IlOpO)l,aMH 60310THbIX OT 3102KeHHH .HB31.HeTCH IlpeH-
MYIJJ:ecTBeHHo TOP<P, MOIJJ:HOCTb KOToporo pe)l,KO )l,OCTHraeT 7 .M. YpoBeHb
BO)l,bI B Top<pax 3a31eraeT Ha r31y6HHe OT 0 )1,0 3,5 .M H r31y62Ke. B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT CTeIleHH pa33102KeHH.H KO.3<p<pHlI,HeHT <pH31bTpall,HH Top<pa K031e6-
31eTC.H OT 0,3 )1,0 5,1 .M! CYTKU. Y)I,e31bHbIH )l,e6HT Bblpa60ToK HaXO)l,HTC.H B Ilpe-
,Il.e31ax 0,007-0,047 .M 3 !'iac.
B Ta631HlI,aX 7 H 8 IlpHBe)l,eHbI OCHOBHble rH)I,pore0310rHQeCKHe )l,aHHble
IlO pa3Be)l,OQHbIM CKBa2KHHaM, BCKpbIBIlIHM BO)l,y B cOBpeMeHHblx a31311OBH-
a31bHbIX H 60310THbIX OT 3102KeHH.HX.


Ta6JIHIta 7
OCHOBHble rH)!.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe )!.aHHble no BO.n:OHOCHOMy rOPH30HTY
COBpeMeHHblX aJIJIIOBHaJIbHO-03epHO-6oJIOTHbiX OT JI01KeHHH


r.1y6nHa r.1y6HH8 38JIe- rJIy6nH8 J1e6HT,
CKB., .At MOIll- 3aJleraHH51
('Hlt.1M- raHH51 KpOBJIH HOCTb CTaTHlJ.e
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Te,1I,) BO,lWHOCHoro CKOrQ YPOBH51, ('1HCAH- Y,!{eJIb-
BO)J,Q-
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CKBa}f(HHbI YCTb51 ropn- rrOHIDK. l\e611T,
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TeJlb) 3eMJlM KIOBJIH 3eM.'1H Te.IIb)


fopo)!, Oprua OpIllaH- 4,0 1,8 158,2 2,4 1,8 158,2 0, II 0,11
CKoro p-Ha, Ha nOHMe 16U,\J IT
p. LJ:Henpa 15,0 0,68
LJ:ep. P )K1Iw:e MIIHCKO- 15-i,74 2,0 162,74 3,5 0,8 163,94
 0,32
ro p-Ha, Ha nOHMe
p. 11THtJb 10,75 0,94
LJ:ep. P a )!,YTlItJlI CJlYl\- 15
,OO 1,55 150,51 10,0 1,15 150,91 1;0 0,94
Koro p-Ha, Ha 110HMe
p. TITlItJb
LJ:ep. K03J10BlItJlI BpecT- 2,5 0,8 133,0 1,7 0,8 133,0 0,Q7 0,Q7
CKoro p-Ha, Ha nOHMe 13.5,8 (f.9
p. JIecHaff
LJ:ep. IllerJlIlKa K06- 15,0 1,0 135,78 4,0 0,68 136,1 0,43 0,22
pllHCKoro p-Ha, Ha 110HMe 166,78 ---z;o
p. MyxaBel\ 1,5 0,4-
LJ:ep. J1 a W.YK TIIIHcKoro 1,25 135,55 1,20 0,3 136,5 0,4
p-Ha Ha 110HMe p. CTbIpb 136,8 I;O


fpYHTOBble BO)l,bI COBpeMeHHblx a31311OBHa31bHbIX OT3102KeHHH pa3BHTbl
B Ilpe)l,e31ax IlOHM 6031bIlIHX H Ma31bIX peK Ha BceH TeppHTopHH H Ha)l,IloH-
MeHHbIX Teppac ceBepa BCCP. Oc06eHHO IlIHpOKO OHH paCIlpOCTpaHeHbI
B IlOHMax peK 10ra Be310pYCCHH - npHIl.HTII, J],HeIlpa, 3aIl. Byra, Bepe-
3HHbI. BO)l,OBMeIJJ:a1OIJJ:HMH IlOpO,Il.aMH .HB31.H1OTC.H IlpeHMYIJJ:eCTBeHHO IleCKH
pa3HoH KPYIlHOCTH H COpTHpOBKH, C 6031bIlIHM H31H MeHbIlIHM cO,Il.ep2KaHHeM




XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BO
OHOCHNX rOPH30HTOB


79


IIblJIeBaTO-rJIliHliCTbIX IIpliMeceH, a TaK)Ke rpaBliHHO-raJIeLlHliKOBbIMli CKOII-
JIeHli5IMli, 3aJIeralOw.liMli B OCHOBaHlili T031W.li B Bli)l,e 31li,H3 li31li B Bli)l,e IIpO-
CJIOeB. Cpe)l,li IIeCLlaHbIX 'HaKOII31eHliH Hepe)l,KO BCTpeLlaIOTC5I JIliH3bI li IIpO-
CJIOli cyneceH, cyr31liHKOB, f31liH li liJIOBblX 06pa30BaHliH. MOW.HOCTb COBpe-
MeHHbIX a3131IOBliaJIbHbIX OT310)KeHliH K031e631eTC5I B 3HaqlITeJIbHbIX npe)l,e31ax.
B )l,OJIliHaX IlpliII5ITli, )J,Heilpa H Bepe3liHb! OHa )l,oCTliraeT 15-20 At, B 60-
JIee MeJIKHX peKax 10-15 M.
BO)l,OHOCHbIH ropli30HT B 6031billliHCTBe CJIyqaeB IIO)l,CTli31aeTC5I CP31IOBliO-
rJI5IUlia31bHbIMli OTJIO:tKeHli5IMli, C KOTOpblMli 06paiyeT 06w.ylO BO)l,OHOCHYIO
TOJIw.y. Ha TaKliX yqaCTKaX peqHbIX )l,031liH BO)l,0YIIopHa5I MopeHa pa3MbITa
li K 06w.eH T031w.e OT310:tKeHliH qaCTO IIpliypOqeH MOW.HbIH ropli30HT II 0)1,-
3eMHblX BO)l,. )J,e6liT CKBa:tKliH Ha TaKliX yqaCTKaX )l,OJIliH Hepe)l,KO )l,OCTli-
raeT 36 M 3 /4.aC, npli nOHli:tKeHlili ypOBH5I Ha 2-5 M. B )l,031liHe p. IlpH-
n5ITH li npaBb!X ee npliToKoB 06BO)l,HeHHble OT310:tKeHli5I IIOHM Hepe)l,KO 3a-
JIeralOT Ha HeoreHOBbIX, IIaJIeOreHOBblX liJIli MeJIOBbIX IIopO)l,aX; B IIpe)l,e-
JIax YKpaliHcKoro KpliCTaJIJIliqeCKOrO MaCCliBa OHli liHOr)l,a IIepeKpblBalOT
KpliCTaJIJIliqeCKlie IIOpO)l,bI CPYH)I,aMeHTa.
YpoBeHb rpYHTOBblX BO)l, 06blLlHO paCII031araeTC5I 6JIli3KO OT nOBepx-
HOCTli 3eMJIli li H3MeH5IeTC5I OT 0 )1,0 5 M (6acceHH IlpliII5ITli li )J,HeIIpa).
Ha IIoHH:tKeHHbIX yqaCTKaX IIOHM rpYHTOBble BO)l,bl BbIXO)l,5IT Ha IIoBepx-
HOCTb, 06pa3Y5I 60310Ta H He6031billlie 03epa. )J,e6liT CKBa:tKliH, n031yqalOw.liX
BO)l,y li3 COBpeMeHHbIX aJI31lOBHaJIbHbIX OT310:tKeHHH, Hepe)l,KO )l,OCTliraeT
10,8 M 3 /4.aC, IIPli IIOHli:tKeHlili CTaTliqeCKOrO YPOBH5I BO)l,bl )1,0 5 M.
BO)l,bI 06bIqHO rH)I,poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbUlieBOro Tlilla OT M5IrKliX )1,0
:tKeCTKliX, CJIa60KHCJIble HJIli cJIa60w.e310qHble, Hepe)l,KO C HeHTpaJIbHOH pe-
aKUlieH, qaCTO C 60JIOTHbIM 3anaXOM, B Oca)l,Ke HHOr)l,a Ha631IO)I,aIOTC5I
XJIOIIb5I rH)I,pOOKliCJIOB :tKe31e3a. 06w.a5I MliHepaJIli3aUli5I 0,05-0,6 e./A., 06-
w.a5I :tKeCTKOCTb BO)l,bI - 0,65-6,66 Me.. 3K8 (CM. n6JI. 8).
Ha HeKoTopblX yqaCTKaX )l,031liH IlTHqli, C31yqli li )l,PYrHX peK rpYHTo-
Bble BO)l,bI liMelOT X310pa)l,HO-HaTplieBbIH COCTaB, LITO CB5I3aHO C OT)I,e31bHblMli
OqaraMli nO)l,nHTbIBaHli5I liX BbICOKOMliHepa31li30BaHHbIMli BO)l,aMli na31eo-
30i1cKliX OTJIO:tKeHliH. TaKlie BblXO)l,bI BO)l, XJIOpli)l,HO-HaTplieBoro COCTaBa
C 06w.eH MliHepa31li3aUlieH CBblille 6 e./A. BCTpeqeHbl, HailpliMep, B631li3li
)l,ep. Ilo)l,JIy:tKbe r31YCcKoro paHoHa MOrliJIeBCKOrr 0631aCTli.
IlecqaHble OT310:tKeHli5I, CJIaralOw.lie nOHMbI, IIOBceMeCTHO 5IB315IIOTC5I
BO)l,OHacblw.eHHbIMli. Bo MHOrHX paHoHax pecIIy6JIliKli 3TOT BO)l,OHOCHblH
ropH30HT 3KCII31yaTHpyeTC5I C IIOMOW.blO HerJIy60Klix Cpy60BblX K0310)l,ueB.
Ha OT)I,eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX peqHblX )l,OJIliH OH MO:tKeT 6bITb peKoMeH)I,OBaH )l,JI5I
X035I1'1cTBeHHO-illiTbeBoro BO)l,oCHa6:tKeHli5I IIPli C0631IO)I,eHlili caHliTapHblx
MepOnpli5ITliH.


BoaOHOCHblii Zopu30Hm apeBHea.ll.lUOBUa.llbHblX omAo;m;eHuii
(alQm v)
)J,peBHea31JIIOBlia31bHble OTJIO:tKeHli5I II031b3YIOTC5I Ha TeppliToplili BCCP
llIlipOKliM pacilpocTpaHeHlieM, C31ara5I IIepBylO li BTOPYIO Ha)l,IIoHMeHHble
Teppacbl peK )J,'HeIIpa, IlpliII5ITli, Bepe3liHbl, CO:tKa, 3an. Byra, BepXHeH
LlaCTli HeMaHa li liX KpyIIHblX IIpliTOKOB. Oc06eHHo illlipOKO paCilpOCTpa-'
HeHb! 3Tli OTJIO:tKeHli5I B IO:tKHbIX paHOHax BeJIOpYCClili, r)l,e OHli 3aHliMalOT
06illlipHble IIJIow.a)l,li B )l,OJIliHe peK IlpliII5ITli, )J,Henpa li 3an. Byra, OXBa-
TblBalOw.lie IIOqTli BCIO Hli3MeHHylO paBHliHy IlpliII5ITCKOrO Ilo31ecb5I. WH-
pliHa Teppac )l,oCTliraeT 10 KM li IIpOCJIe)!{liBo.
TC5I Y3KliMli II0310CaMli, illlipli-
HOH OT 0,3 )1,0 1 KM, no )l,OJIliHaM ee IIpliTOKOB.
BO)l,oBMew.alOw.lie nop0)l,b! IIpe)l,cTaB31eHbl r31aBHbIM 06pa30M Me31KO-
Cpe)l,He- li KpYIIH03epHlicTblMli IIecKaMli, KBapueBO-IIOJIeBOillilaToBbIMli,
06blqHO XOpOillO IIpOMbITbIMli, C BK31lOLleHlieM rpaBli5I li MeJIKliX raJIeK.




84


onHCAHHE nO):J.3EMHbIX BO)].


Ta6JIIIl\a I!
OCHoBHble rH.n:poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe .n:aHHble no BO.n:OHOCHbiM ropH30HTaM Ha,JI.BaJI.II.aiicKHx,
Ha.n:MOCKOBCKHX H HaMHenpoBcKHX cpJIIOBHOrJIII
HaJIbHblX OTJIOJKeHHH


rJIy6HHa rJIy6H!13 3aM- rJIy6HHa .lle6HT,
CKB.. .At Mow- 3aJIer3HHSI
(qHCJIH- raHUH KpOBJIH HO CTb CTa TH'-Ie- .fl3/ttac
TeJIb) BO.1l0HOCHOro CKoro YPOBHR. (qnCJIH- YJle.%-
MeCTOHaXO)K
eHHe ropH30HT3, M BOlIO- TeJIb) HbtH
a6c. OTM. HOCHoro M
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YCTbR ropH- nOHH}I{. M3/
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CKB.. .At OT no-I a6c. 30HT3, OT no-I a6c. (3HaMeHa-
(3HaMeHa- BepxH. OTM. M BepxH. OTM.
Te.'L) 3eMJIH KpOBJIH 3eMJlH TeJIb)


BOOOHOCHblU cOpU30HT Ha08aAOaucKUX rjJAIOBUOcAJ/.lfuaAbHblX OT Ao
eHUu (fgIsQm V )
LJ:ep. BeJI5IHbI ITOJJOl\- 11,25 2,5 142,5 4,7 0,26 144,74 0,07 0,07
ROro p-Ha 145,0 --r;o
LJ:ep. 3KlIMaHb ITOJIOl\- 10,25 7,05 112,95 6,75 7,05 112,95 0,18 0,18
Koro p-Ha 120,0 IF
LJ:ep. YpmlK M5I.n:'eJIb- 4,5 1,0 179,76 2,10 1,0 179,76 2,0 1,3
CKoro p-Ha 180,76 ---r,5


BOOOHOCHblU 20pU30fiT fiaiJMocKoBCKUX rjJAIOBUOcAJ/.lfuaAbHblX aT Ao
eHUU (fglsQn m )
fopo)!. MIIHCK (BoTa- 5,7 1,35 201,80 2,35 1,25 201,90 0,6 0,24
HlItJeCKIIH ca)!.) 203,15 2:'5
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ro p-Ha 146,5 ----r;5
LJ:ep. CTapllHKa Kpac- 15,0 11,2 131,8 3,8 6,75 136,25 0,3 0,15
HOl10JJbCKOrO p-lla 143,0 2F
LJ:ep. JIlI6epTI10JIb Dpy- 9,4 0,55 169,45 8,85 0,55 169,45 0,65 0,65
)KaHCKOro p-lla 170,0 1;0
LJ:ep. ITO.1\6eJIbI KaMe- 11,8 5,60 149,75 6,2 4,6 150,75 0,07 0,07
Hel\KOro p-lla 155,35 I 17J
BOOOHOCHblU cOpU30HT HaooHenpoBcKuX rjJ..IIOBUocAJ/.lfuaAbHblx OT AO{)fCeHUU (fglsQndn)
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HeU;Koro p-Ha 144,88 IT
LJ:ep. HeMep)Ka LJ:pom- 16,0 0,85 147,95 8,62 0,8 148,0 0,25 0,14
'lIlHCKOro p-Ha 148,8 ---r,s
LJ:ep. CTapOCeJJbe LJ:po- 20,0 2,15 153,65 5,10 2,0 153,8 1,94 0,97
rlltJlIHCKoro p-Ha 155,8 2JO
B 1,8 KM lIa IOrO-3a- 8,0 5,5 0,5 0,5
rra.n: aT 03. OpexoBcKoro 159,5 IF
BpecTcKoro p-Ha




XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BO)J.OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


85


DpH OTCYTCTBHH BepXHerO BO)J.0YIIOpHOrO rOpH30HTa 3TH BO)J.bI JlerKO
nO)J.Bep2KeHbI nOBepXHOCTHOMY HCTOqHHKy 3arp5l3HeHH5I.
BOaOHOCHblU ZopU30Hm Ba.fl.daUC1
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Om.fl.O;m;eHUU (gltQIJIV)
3TH BO)J.bI HMelOT OrpaHHqeHHOe paCrrpoCTpaHeHIie H BCTpeqaIOTC5I TO.TIb-
KO B ceBepHwx paHoHax BHTe6cKoH 06nacTH: B BepxHeH qaCTH 6acceHHoB
npaBbIx npHToKoB p. ,l{HCHbI (CBeHT5IHCKa51 rp5l)J.a), B paHoHe r. JIenen51
H B BepxHeH qaCTH 6acceHHoB neBbIX rrpHToKoB 3an. ,l{BHHbI IOro-3arra)],Hee
r. BHTe6cKa, a TaK2Ke B p5l)],e )],pyrHx rrYHKToB. B 3THX paHoHax BO)],bI Ban-
)],aHCKHx KOHeqHOMOpeHHbIx OTn02KeHHH 06blqHO 3KcnnyaTHpYIOTC5I )],n51 XO-
351HCTBeHHo-rrHTbeBbIx lI,eneH C rroMoIll,blO rny60KHx Kono)]'lI,eB, )],e6HT KOTO-
pbIX He rrpeBbIlliaeT 2,5 M 3 /'iaC rrpH cTon6e BO)],bI 1,5-2 M. B paHoHe fo-
pO)],Ka, YIlIaqeH H )],pymx rrYHKTOB 3TH B 0)], bI 3KcnnyaTHpYIOTC5I He60nbIlIHM
KOnHqeCTBOM CKBa2KHH rny6HHoH 35-45 M. I1x )],e6HT paBeR 2,7-5 M 3 /'iaC,
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Bo)],a y)],oBneTBopHTenbHoro KaqeCTBa. Bo)],oBMeIll,aIOIlI,He rropo)],bI rrpe)],CTaB-
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CKonbKHX )],eC5ITKOB caHTHMeTpoB )],0 HeCKOnbKHX MeTpoB.


BOObl cnopaouttecKozo pacnpocmpaHeHUfl, B omHOCume.fl.bHO
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Ha ,lJ,PYfHX y'-/acTKax pa
npoCTpaHeHHH 3THX BO,lJ, cTaTH'-/ecKHH ypo-
BeHb BO,lJ,bl B CKBaMHHax YCTaHaB.nHBaeTcH HHMe nOBepxHocTH 3eM.nH Ha
]8-30 M H 60.nee. OpOH3BO,lJ,HTe.nbHocTb CKBaMHH 0,61-15,1 M 3 j t iaC rrpH
nOHIfMeHHH ypOBH5! BO,lJ,bl Ha 3-7 M.
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6e3 3anaxa H 06bl'-/HO 6e3 oca,lJ,Ka. CO,lJ,epMaHHe Me.ne3a B BO,lJ,e pe,lJ,Ko npe-
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ce.nbCKoro BO,lJ,OCHa6MeHHH rrpH c06.nIO,lJ,eHHH npaBIf.n caHHTapHoH oxpaHbI.


Boobl cnopaiJu'tecK.OlO pacnpocmpaHeHuR B omHOCUme.llbHO
6oooynopHbix MOCK.OBCK.UX MopeHHblx Om.llO:JICeHURX (gIQlIm)


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nOBepXHOCTb. HenOCpe,lJ,CTBeHHO C nOBepXHOCTH OHH TaKMe 3a.neralOT Ha
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92


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rO)J,bI MHorHe KOJIO)J,Il,bI rrepecblxalOT. f JIy6HHa CKBalKHH, 3KCnJIyaTHpylO-
Ul,HX 9TH BOJI.bl, COCTaBJIReT 30-60 M, HX npOH3Bo)J,HTeJIbHOCTb KOJIe6JIeTCH
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CTaTHqeCKHH ypoBeHb BOJI.bI B CKBa2KHHaX YCTaHaBJ1HBaeTC5f Ha rJIy6uHe
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OTIHCAHHE TIOJl.3EMHbIX BO)J,


93


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pa3BHTH5I KOHe<IHOMOpeHHblx OTJIOllieHHH 70-95 M H 60JIee (paHoH J10-
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pellie KpynH03epHHcTblMH H pa3H03epHHcTbIMH neCKaMH. DecKH 06bIlIHO
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30-60 M. Ha Y<IaCTKaX pacnpocTpaHeHIl51 KOHeQHOMOpeHHblx OTJIOllieHHH
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:96


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pe:tKe 65-77 .M. nbe30MeTpHqeCKHH ypoBeHb BO.u.bf B CKBa:tKHHaX YCTaHaB-.
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HIIlJHble CKBalliIIHbI )J,alOT CaMOII3JIIiBalOlU,YIOC5I BO)J,y C rrbe30MeTpHlJeCKHM
ypOBHeM BO)J,bl Ha 0,3 M (r. 4epBeHb), 0,9 M (lli.-)J,. CT. MOJIoJI;e':fHo)
II 1,5 M (13 paHoHe )J,ep. Pa)J,KoBo) BbIllJe rrOBepXHOCTII 3eMJIH. lI.e6HT
CKBalliHH KOJIe6JIeTCH 13 npe)J,eJIax OT 9 )J,O 30,2 M 3 /'1.aC npli rrOHH)!{emnl
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MHHCK). BO)J,oBMew.alOw.He nopO
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100


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611T CKBa:tKHH KOJIe6JIeTCSI B npe,!J,eJIax OT 4,3 ,!J,O 36 M 3 /liac npH nOHH:tKemm
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TeppHTopHH MOrHJIeBCKOH 06JIaCTH, KOJIe6JIeTCSI B rrpetI.eJlax 40-85 M. Ha-
nopHbIH ypoBeHb BOtI.bI YCTaHaBJl11BaeTcSI B CKBa:tKHHaX Ha rJIy611He 3-17 M
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H 9,5 M.
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XAPAK:TEPHCTHK:A BO,U,OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


101


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rrO,'1,6epe3lIHCKliX cpJI!OBHOrJISIIl,lIaJIbHbIX OTJIO:tKeHIIH, a Ha YT.JaCTKaX, r,'1,e
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a TaK:tKe r. f10JIOIl,Ka T.J.aCTIIT.J.HO 06ecrreT.J.HBaeTCSI 3a CT.J.eT IIcrrOJIb30BaHliSI
orrlICbIBaeMoro BO)J,OHOOHoro roplI30HTa. KpOBJISI BO)J,OHOCHoro ropH30HT8
BCKpbIBaeTC5I CKBa:>KIIHaMIi Ha YT.J.aCTKaX 3TlIX HaCeJIeHHbIX rrYHKToB Ha rJIY-
6lIHe 35-72 At. BO)J,OBMeIll.a!Oill.He rropo)J,bI rrpe)J,CTaBJIeHbI B OCHOBHOM MeJI-
K03epHlICTbIMH rreCKaMIi C rpaBlieM. BCKpbITaSI CKBa:tKIIHaMH MOIll.HOCTb rrec-
KOB paBHa 6-27 M. f1poII3Bo)J,HTeJIbHOCTb CKBa:tKIIH KOJIe6JIeTCSI B rrpe)J,e-
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6-8M.
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Ha KOTOpbIX 3aJIeraeT 3)J,eCb rro)J,MopeHHbIH BO)J,OHOCHbIll ropH30HT.
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102


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pUTOpIIII MOrHJIeBCKOH, 5pecTcKoH II fOMeJlbcKoH 06JIaCTeH. B npeJJ,eJIax
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KpyrJIoe II JJ,p.). BOJJ,OHOCHbIH ropII30HT B paHOHax 5bIXOBa, CJIaBrop0JJ,a
II KJIIiMOBIIIleH 3aJleraeT Ha r JIy6IIHe 16-25 M II B P aHOHe OClirrOBHQei1
H 506pyi1cKa - 68-78 M. BO,ll.oBMeIll,aIOIlI,IIe rropoJJ,bI rrpeJJ,cTa B.leHbI rrec-
Ka Mil pa3J1IIQHOrO rpaHYJIOMeTpIIQeCKOrO COCTa Ba, IIHor JJ,a r JIIIHIICTbIMIi IIJIH
rpaBeJIIICTbIMIi. MOIll:HOCTb rreCKOB II3MeHHeTCH OT 7 JJ,O 27 M II 60.1ee. fI po-
II3BOJJ,IITeJIbHOCTb CKBalKliH KOJIe6J1eTC51 B rrpeJJ,eJIax 11,9-14,8 M3/t.tac rrpli
nOHII)KeHIIII ypOBHH BOJJ,bI Ha 6-18 M.
Ha TeppliTopIIII 5pecTcKoH 06JIaCTli rroJJ,MopeHHbIH HarropHbIH BO,!'l,OHOC-
HbIH ropH30HT IllIIpOKO 3KcrrJIyaTHpyeTcH TOJIbKO B 5epe30BcKoM, 5pecT-
CKOM, KaMeHeIJ,KOM, K06pIIHCKOM, )JPOrHQIIHCKOM II fIIIHCKOM paHOHax.
B CTOJIIIHCKOM II IOlKHOi1 QaCTH .nYHIIHeIJ,KOrO II fIIIHCKoro paHOHOB BCJIeJJ,-
CTBlie nOQTll rrOBceMeCTHoro pa3MbIBa MopeH rrO,l!.MOpeHHbIH BOJJ,OHOCHbIH
ropH30HT rrepeXO,ll.IIT B ropII30HT rpYHTOBblX (6e3HarropHbIX) BOJJ,.
BOJJ,OCHa6lKeHIIe r. 5peCTa, a TaKlKe paHOHHbIX IJ,eHTpOB II KpyrrHblx
HaCeJIeHHbIX rrYHKTOB 5peCTCKOH 06JIaCTli (PYlKaH, I1BaIJ,eBIIQei1, 5epe3bI,
K06pIIHa, )Jp0rHQIIHa, I1BaHoBo, fIIIHCKa, MaJIOpHTbI, CTOJIIIHa, TeJIeXaH,
)l(a6HHKH, AHTorrOJ15r, J],IIBIIHa) QaCTIIQHO 06eCrreQlmaeTCH 3a CQeT BOJJ,
rrOJJ,MopeHHoro BOJJ,OHOCHoro ropII30HTa. KpOBJIH ero 3JJ,eCb 3aJIeraeT Ha
rJIy6IIHe 20-36 M, pelKe 51-67 M (PYlKaHbI, I1BaIJ,eBIIQII, )JHBIIH). BoJJ,o-
BMeIll,alOIlI,IIe rropOJJ,bI rrpeJJ,cTaBJIeHbI rreCKaMIl OT MeJIKO- JJ,O KpyrrH03epHII-
CTbIX, cOJJ,ep)KaIll,Hx Ha OTJJ,eJIbHbIX yQaCTKaX B pa3m.jQHOM KOJlIIQeCTBe rpa-
Blii1 II MeJIKYIO raJIbKY. MOIll,HOCTb rreCKOB H3MeH51eTCH OT 17 JJ,O 30 M H 60-

lee. f JIy6IIHa CKBalKliH COCTaBJIHeT 25-65 M, pelKe 80-93 M. YpoBeHb
BOJJ,bI YCTaHaBJIIiBaeTCH B CKBalKIIHax Ha rJIy6IIHe 2-6 M II Ha OTJJ,eJIbHbIX
YQaCTKaX 14-17 M OT rroBepxHocTIi 3eMJIIi. fIPOIl3BoJJ,IITeJ1bHOCTb CKBalKHH




X.WAKTEPHCTH,KA BQ.ZJ:OHOGHbIX rOPH30HTOB


103


()6blqHO p8BH8 18-34,9 M 3 /t.{ac npH nOHHLK0HHH H8nopHoro ypOBHR BOJ1.bI
Ha 3-12 M; HepeJ1.KO J1.e6HT OTJ1.eJIbHbIX CKB8LKHH J1.0CTHraeT 9-19,8 M 3 /t.{ac
TIPH rrOHHLKeHHH ypOBHH BOJ1.hl Ha 1-2 M. COJ1.epLKaHHe B BOJ1.e LKeJIe3a co-

T8BJIHeT 0,1-0,76 Me/.//. H J1.0CTHraeT HHOrJ1.a 2-6 Mcf.//..
B ['oMeJIbCKOH 06JIaCTH, oXBaTblBaIOIll.eH IOrO-BOCTOqHYIO qaCTb BCCP,
nOJ1.MOpeHHbIH HarropHbIH BOJ1.0HOCHbIH ropH30HT umpoKo pa3BHT H 3KCnJIY-
8THpyeTcH 60JIbIIIHM KOJIHqeCTBOM CKBa:tKHH B POraqeBCKOM, CBeTJIOrOp-
<CKOM, )KJI06HHCKOM, BYJ1.a-KoIIIeJIeBCKOM, PeqHll.KOM, KaJIHHKOBHqCKOM,
M03bIpCKOM, XOHHHKCKOM H BparHHcKoM paHoHax, ,l!.JIH KOTOpbiX OH He-
pe,l!.KO HBJIHeTCH OCHOBHbIM B 06eCneqeHHH BOJ1.0CHa6LKeHHH KpynHbix Ha-.
CeJIeHHbIX nYHKTOB H rrpOMbIIIIJIeHHbIX npeJ1.rrpHHTHH. B )KHTKOBHqCKOM,
TIeTpHKoBCKOM H EJIbCKOM paHoHax 3TOT BOJ1.0HOCHbIH ropH30HT HMeeT JIO-
KaJIbHbIH xapaKTep pacrrpocTpaHeHHH, MopeHHbIe BOJ1.oyrropbI 3J1.eCb B 60JIb-
llIHHCTBe CJIyqaeB pa3MbITbI, H rrOJ1.MOpeHHbIH BOJ1.0HOCHbIH ropH30HT Heno-
'cpeJ1.CTBeHHO rrepeXOJ1.HT B ropH30HT rpYHToBbIX BO,l!. rrOKpOBHbIX 4JJIIOBHO-
r JIHll.HaJIbHbIX H aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIOLKeHHH.
BOJ1.ocHa6LKeHHe POraqeBa, )KJI06HHa, CTpeIIIHHa, BYJ1.a-KoIIIeJIeBa,
TIeTpHKoBa, BaCHJIeBHqeH, PeqHll.bI, ,QoMaHOBHqeH, KaJIHHKOBHqeH, 03apH-

eH H XOHHHKOB B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH Mepe 06eCrreqHBaeTCH 3a CqeT HCrrOJIb30-
BaHHH BOJ1. rrOJ1.MOpeHHoro BOJ1.0HOCHOro ropH30HTa. KpOBJIH ero 3aJIeraeT
Ha rJIy6HHe 15-30 M, peLKe 40-56 M (TIeTpHKoB, ,QoMaHOBHqH). BoJ1.o-
BMeIll.aIOllI,He nopOJ1.bI rrpeJ1.CTaBJIeHbI rreCKaMH pa3Horo rpaHYJIOMeTpHqe-
CKoro COCTaBa. Ha OTJ1.eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX rreCKH COJ1.CpLKaT B HeOOJIbliiOM
KOJIHqeCTBe rpaBHH H raJIbKY; MOU1.HOCTb rreCKOB H3MeHHeTCH OT 6 J1.0 26 M
H 60JIee. YpoBeHb BOJ1.bI B CKBaLKHHax YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha rJIy6HHe 06bIq-
HO 1,8-6 M H Ha OT,l!.eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX 9-16 M HHLKe rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH.
TIpoH3BOJ1.HTeJIbHOCTb CKBaLKHH KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 32,4 J1.0 50,4 M 3 /t.{ac, rrpH
rrOHHLKeHHH YPOBHH BOJ1.bI Ha 8-12 M.


BOObl cnopaiJuttecKOz.o pacnpocmpaHeHUR 8 omHOCUme.llbHO
8oooynopHblX 6epe3UHcKUX .MOpeHHblX Om.l1031ceHURX (gIQIbr)


MopeHHbIe OTJIO:tKeHHH 6epe3HHCKoro OJIeJ1.eHeHHH Ha TeppHTopHH
BCCP HMeIOT JIOKaJIbHbIH xapaKTep pacrrpOCTpaHeHHH H COXpaHHJIHCb OT
pa3MbIBa B OCHOBHOM B HaH60JIee rrOHHLKeHHbIX yqaCTKaX J1.0JIeJ1.HHKOBoro
peJIbe4Ja. B ceBepHbIX paUOHax BeJIOpYCCHH 3TH OTJIOLKeHHH rrpOHJ1.eHbI
TOJIbKO eJ1.HHHqHbIMH CKBaLKHHaMH Ha cpaBHHTeJIbHO 60JIbIIIHX rJIy6HHax
(y r. rroc. 4aIIIHHKH oHH BCKpbITbI CKBaLKHHOH Ha rJIy6HHe 229,6 M).
. B ll.eHTpaJIbHbIX pauoHax BCCP MOp0HHbIe OTJIOLKeHHH 6epe3HHcKoro
OJIeJ1.eHeHHH 06bIqHO 3aJIeraIOT Ha rJIy6HHe 60-100 M, a B rrOHHLKeHHHX J1.0-
.JIe,l!.HHKOBOro peJIbe4Ja - Ha rJIy6HHe 130-170 M (r. rroc. MOCTbI, J1.epeBHH
BHJIbHMOBHqH, KpHBJIHHbI H J1.p.). B IO:tKHbIX paHoHax BeJIOpyccHH OHH
3aJIeraIOT Ha rJIy6HHe 6-25 M. MOlll,HOCTb paccMaTpHBaeMbIx OTJIOLKeHHll
H3MeHHeTCH OT 10 J1.0 70 M. CJIOLKeHa 6epe3HHcKaH MopeHa }:!.OBOJIbHO rrJIOT-
HbIMH cyrJIHHKaMH H cyrrecHMH C BKJIIOqeHHeM rpaBHH H raJIbKH.
06BOJ1.HeHHOCTb MopeHHbIx OTJIOLKeHHH 6epe3HHcKoro OJIeJ1.eHeHHH, BH-
J1.HMO, CBH3aHa C BHYTpHMopeHHbIMH rreCqaHbIMH JIHH3aMH. OJ1.HaKO CBe-
J1.eHHH 0 CTerreHH HX BOJ1.006HJIbHOCTH H XHMHqeCKoM COCTaBe BOJ1. BHYTPH-
MopeHHbIx OTJIO:tKeHHH B HallieM paCrrOpH:tKeHHH HeT. B CBH3H C JIOKaJIb-
HbIM pacrrpocTpaHeHHeM H HeJ1.0CTaTOqHOCTbIO J1.aHHbIX 0 xapaKTepe 3aJIe.
raHHH CrropaJ1.HqeCKH BO,l!.OHOCHbIX MopeHHbIx OTJIOLKeHHll 6epe3HHcKoro OJIe-
..n.eHeHHH rrOKa3aTb rrJIOlll,aJ1.b HX pacrrpoCTpaHeHHH Ha rrpHJIaraeMOH K TOMY
rHJ1.poreoJIOrHqeCKoi-'I KapTe qeTBepTHqHbiX OTJIO:tKeHHH TeppHTopHH BCCP
He rrpeJ1.CTaBHJIOCb B03MO:tKHbIM. TIpaKTHqeCKOrO HHTepeca BOJ1.bI MopeHHbIX
oOTJIOLKeHHH He rrpeJ1.CTaBJIHIOT.




104


orrHCAHHE rrO,!L3EMHbIX BOLI:


BOOO1tOC1tbIU ZOpU301tm n006epe3U1tC1<UX tjJ.IlIOBUOl.llRl{Ua.llb1tbIX
Om.llO:JICe1tUU (fgljQlbr)


3TOT BO,!LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT llIHpOKO paCnpOCTpaHeH TOJIbKO Ha Teppl1-
TOpUH Il,eHTpaJIbHbIX paHOHOB H BeCbMa OrpaHHqeHHO B CeBepHbIX H IO:tKHbIX
paHOHaX BeJIOPyccllH. fJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHllH KpOBJIH BO,!LOHOCHOrO rOpH30HTa
KOJIe6JIeTCH B npeJI,eJIaX OT 40 JI,O 137 M H 60JIee. BO,!LOBMew.alOw.He no-
pOJI,bI npeJI,CTaBJIeHbI npellMyw.ecTBeHHo MeJIKO- H TOHK03epHI1CTbIMH rrec-
KaMH, HHOr,!La C JIHH3aMH cyneceH. B ceBepHbIx paHoHax B TOJIw.e aJIJIIOBH-
aJIbHo-cpJIIOBHOr JIHIl,J.faJIbHbIX OTJIO:tKeHHH Hepe,!LKo npe06JIa,!LalOT cpe,!LHe3ep-
HHCTble neCKH H rpaBHHHO-raJIeqHbIH MaTepHaJI. Hx 06w.aH MOW.HOCTb 113-
MeHHeTCH OT HeCKOJIbKHX MeTpOB ,!LO 45,0 Ai.
fJIy6HHa CKBa:tKHH, 3KCnJIyaTHpYIOw.I1X BO,!LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT rroJI,6e-
pe3HHcKHX cpJIIOBHOrJIHIl,HaJIbHbIX OTJIO:tKeHHH, 06blqHO HaXO,!LHTCH B rrpe,!Le-
JIax 47--130 M. 3aJIeraH rro,!L BO,!LoynopHoH MopeHoH H HMeH Ha OT,!LeJIb-
HblX yqaCTKaX B KaqeCTBe HH:tKHerO BO,!Loyrropa HeoreHOBble HJIH ,!LeBOHCKHe
rJIHHbI, BO,!LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT HBJIHeTCH HanopHblM. ITbe30MeTpl1qeCKI1H:
ypoBeHb BOJI,bl B CKBa:tKHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha rJIy6HHe 5--20 M H 60-
JIee HH:tKe nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH, a Ha OT,!LeJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX CKBa:tKI1Hbl ,!LalOT
CaMOH3JIHBalOw.ylOcH BO,!LY. BOJI,006HJIbHOCTb ropH30HTa KOJIe6JIeTCH B ,!LO-
BOJIbHO IJlI1pOKI1X rrpe,!LeJIax 11 BCeIl,eJIO 3aBI1CHT OT MOW.HOCTI1 11 rpaHYJIO-
MeTpHqeCKOrO COCTaBa BOJI,OBMew.alOw.HX nopo,!L. 1I.e6HT CKBa:tKHH rrpH OT-
KaqKaX KOJIe6JIeTCH B rrpeJI,eJIax OT 2 JI,O 35 M 3 /tiaC rrpH rrOHH:tKeHHI1 ypOBH5I
BOJI,bI 6--11,6 M. OCHoBHbIe rH,!LpOreOJIOrHqeCKl1e JI,aHHble rro pa3Be,!LOqHbIM
CKBa:tKHHaM, BCKpbIBIlIHM BO,!LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT rrO,!L6epe3HHcKI1X cpJIIOBHO-
rJIHIl,HaJIbHbIX OTJIO:tKeHHH, rrpHBeJI,eHbI B Ta6JI. 13.
BO,!La y,!LoBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHOrO KaqeCTBa C 06w.eH MHHepaJIH3aQI1eH He
CBblille 0,45 ciA. CO,!Lep:tKaHlle B BO,!Le :tKeJIe3a KOJIe6JIeTCH OT CJIe,!LOB JI,O
3,5 Mc/A. COJIeBOH COCTaB xapaKTepH3yeTcH JI,aHHbIMH, rrpl1BeJI,eHHblMH
B Ta6JI. 14.
::hOT BOJI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT Ha TeppHTOpHI1 BCCP 3KCrrJIyaTHpyeTcH
eJI,I1HHqHbIMH CKBa:tKHHaMH. XOPOIllYIO npOH3BO,!LHTeJIbHOCTb I1MeeT CKBa-
:tKHHa B r. rroc. LJaIlIHHKI1, KOTopaH Ha rJIy611He 117 Ai BCKpbIJIa pa3H03ep-
HHCTbre neCKH. ITbe30MeTpl1QeCKHH ypoBeHb BOJI,bI B CKBa:tKI1He YCTaHOBHJICH
Ha 0,1 M BbIllie rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. Y,!LeJIbHbIH ,!Le6HT CKBa:tKHHbI COCTaB-
JI5IeT 25,2 M 3 /tiaC (cpHJIbTp CeTQaTbIH, JI,HaMeTp 108 MM).
Ha yQaCTKe, pacrrOJIO:tKeHHOM BOCTOQHee r. OplliH (JI,ep. lllaToBpHHo)
H 3arraJI,Hee r. rroc. fOpKH (JI,epeBHH K03JIHBHQH l-e, CeHbKoBo H 50JIbiliOe
BYlliKOBO), BO,!LOBMew.alOw.He nOpO,!LbI BO,!LOHOCHOro ropH30HTa rrO,!L6epe3HH-
CKHX cpJIIOBHorJ1Hll.HaJIbHbIX OTJIO:tKeHHH npe,!LCTaBJIeHbl necQaHo-rpaBHlmo-
raJIeQHblM H rpaBHHHO-raJIeQHbIM MaTepHaJIOM. Hx MOIII:HOCTb KOJIe6JIeTCH
OT 1,3 JI,O 23 M. YpoBeHb BOJI,bl B CKBa:tKHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha rJIy611He
9--36 M HH:tKe nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH, JI,e6HT JI,OCTHraeT 15 M 3 /tiaC npH rrOHI1-
:tKeHHH ypOBHfI BOJI,bI Ha 3 M.
B paHoHe r. BHTe6cKa nOT BOJI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT BCKpblT CKBa:tKH-
HaMH Ha rJIy6uHe 58--60 M Y JI,epeBeHb 3aHQeBo, 3arOpOJI,HO, CTaceBo,
5apceeBo, MaJI. 5epe3HHa H CHToBw.I1Ha. BO,!LOBMew.alOw.He rropo,!LbI rrpe,!L-
CTaBJIeHbI MeJIKO- H TOHK03epHHCTbIMI1 rreCKaMH, MOW.HOCTb KOTOpblX H3Me-
HHeTCH OT 2 ,!LO 7 M.
B r. BHJIeHKe BO,!LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT BCKpblT CKBa:tKHHOH Ha BCIO MOW.-
HOCTb B HHTepBaJIe 81--100,8 M; HarropHblH ypoBeHb BO,!LbI YCTaHOBHJICH Ha
0,25 M BbIllie rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. BOJI,OBMew.alOw.He rrOpO,!LbI rrpe,!LCTaBJIeHbI
MeJIKO- H KpyrrH03epHHcTbIMH rreCKaMH. 1I.e6HT CKBa:tKHHbI paBHHJ1C5I
20 M 3 /'laC npH rrOHH:tKeHHH ypOBHH BOJI,bl CBblille 6 Ai.
B r. MOJIoJI,eQHo OJI,Ha CKBa:tKHHa BCKpbIJIa orrHcbIBaeMblH BO,!LOHOCHbIii
ropH30HT Ha HerrOJIHYIO MOW.HOCTb B HHTepBaJIe 90--107 M. BOJI,oBMew.alO-




XA,PAKTEPHCTHKA BO.n:OHOGHbIX rOPH30HTOB


105


lll.He rropOJ]:bl rrpeJ]:CTaBJIeHbl MeJIK03epHHCTblMH rreCKaMH. HarrOpHblll ypo-
BeHb BO
bI YCTaHOBHJICH Ha rJIy6HHe 19,4 .M. HH)Ke nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH.
,lJ,e6HT CKBa)KHHbl paBHHJICH 21,6 M 3 /tiaC npH nOHH)KeHHH ypOBHH BOJ]:bI
Ha 4 M.
Ha Y1laCTKe MHHcKoro B04l.03a60pa «IJeTpOBLL(11Ha» 3aJIeraIOLL(He Ha
rJIy6HHe 130 M BOJ]:OBMelll.aIOlll.He BOJ]:OHOCHbIll ropH30HT nopoJ]:bI npeJ]:cTaB-
JIeHbI MeJIK03epHHcTbIMH, CHJIbHO rJIHHHCTbIMH neCKaMH. Hx BepxHHH lIaCTb
(OKOJIO 8 M) CJIO)KeHa 60JIee OTCOpTHpoBaHHbIMH neCKaMH. YJ]:eJIbHbIll J]:e-
6HT CKBa)KHHbI npH OTKalIKe H3 BepxHei1 llaCTH ropH30HTa J]:OCTHraeT
2,98 M 3 /tiac.
B palloHe r. rpOJ]:HO 3TOT BOJ]:OHOCHbIll ropH30HT 3aJIeraeT Ha rJIy6HHe
47-114,8 M. BOJ]:oBMeLL(aIOLL(He nopoJ]:bI npeJ]:CTaBJIeHbI 3eJIeHOBaTo-cepbIMH,
MeJIKO- H TOHK03epHHcTbIMH, pe)Ke pa3H03epHHcTbIMH neCKaMH. N\Olll.HOCTb
neCKOB H3MeHHeTCH OT 6 J]:O 16 M. BOJ]:OHOCHblll ropH30HT 06JIaJ]:aeT 3HallH-
TeJIbHbIM HanopOM, a Ha OTJ]:eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX CKBa)KHHbI HMeIOT caMOH3-
JIHB (r. rpOJ]:HO, J]:ep. <POJIIOW), ,lJ,e6HT CKBa)KHH npH nOHH)KeHHH ypOBHH
BOJ]:bI Ha 12 M Ha OTJ]:eJIbHbIX YlIacTKax COCTaBJIHeT CBblwe 32,4 M3/tiac.
BOJ]:OHOCHbIll ropH30HT 3aJIeraeT Ha HeoreHOBbIX, naJIeOreHOBblX HJIH Bepx-
HeMeJIOBbIX nop0J]:ax (nHcIIHll MeJI), KaK npaBHJlo, 06BoJ]:HeHHblx.
IJHTaHHe BOJ]:OHOCHoro ropH30HTa no.n:6epe3HHcKHX cpJIIOB110rJIHu,HaJIb-
HbIX OTJIO:tKeHHll npoHcxoJ]:HT, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M, 3a ClIeT nepeJIHBa BOJ]: H3
BbIWeJIe:tKaLL(11X qeTBepTHqHblX OTJIO:tKeHI1l1, a TaK:tKe 3a CqeT nOJ]:TOKa H3
IIOJ]:CTHJIaIOLL(HX BOJ]:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB HeoreHOBbIX, naJIeOreHOBbIX, Bepx-
HeMeJIOBbIX H J]:eBOHCKHX OTJIO:tKeHHll. ,lJ,peHHpyeTcH 3TOT BOJ]:OHOCHbIll ro-
pH30HT 3an. ,lJ,BHHOll (palloH r. noc. IllKJIOBa).
3TOT BOJ]:OHOCHbIll ropH30HT MO:tKeT 6bITb peKoMeHJ]:oBaH B OCHOBHOM

JIH CeJIbCKOrO BOJ]:oCHa6:tKeHHH.


HeOz.eH-na.lleOz.eH08bIU 8000HOCHblU 1<.O.Mn.llel<.C (N+Pg)


3TOT BOJ]:OHOCHbIll KOMnJIeKC BKJIIOlIaeT B ce6H He BbIJ]:ep:tKaHHble no
MOLL(HOCTH H npOCTHpaHHIO BOJ]:OHOCHble npOCJIOH nOJITaBCKOll cepHH Heo-
reHa H BepXHero naJIeOreHa, a TaK:tKe BOJ]:OHOCHble ropH30HTbI xapbKOBCKHX,
KHeBCKHX H 6yqaKCKHX CJIOeB naJIeOreHa. Pa3BHT OH Ha TeppHTopHH IO:tK-
HbIX pallOHOB BeJIOpYCCHH, rJ]:e 3aHHMaeT BCIO nJIOLL(aJ]:b 6accellHa p. IJpH-
nHTH, lIaCTb 6acceHHa p. HeM aHa H 6accellHbI HH:tKHerO TeqeH11H peK Bepe-
3HHbl, ,lJ,PYTH H CO:tKa. CeBepHaH rpaHHu,a pacnpOCTpaHeHHH HeoreH-naJIeO-
reHOBoro BOJ]:OHOCHOro KOMnJIeKCa npOXOJ]:HT no JIHHHH rpOJ]:HO- HOBorpy-

OK - rpeCCK - /KJI06HH - /KypaBHlIH - 4elIepCK - BeTKa. Ha IOrO-3a-
naJ]:e BCCP paCI1pOCTpaHeHHe BOJ]:oHocHoro KOMnJIeKCa OrpaHHqHBaeTCH
JIHHHei1, npoxoJ]:Hlll.ei1 HeCKOJIbKO ceBepHee r. ,lJ,oMaqeBO H r. noc. ,lJ,HBHHa,
B IOrO
BOCTOqHOM HanpaBJIeHHH nJIOlll.a
b pacnpocTpaHeHHH BOJ]:oHoCHoro
ropH30HTa BbIXOJ]:11T 3a npeJ]:eJIbI pecny6JIHKH, r
e 3HaqHTeJIbHO YBeJIHqH-
BaeTCH Hero MOlll.HOCTb.
3aJIeraeT BOJ]:OHOCHbIll KOMnJIeKC Ha MeJIOBbIX, MeCTa MH (p-H r. noc.
CT. ,lJ,oporH) Ha npOTep030llCKHX OTJIO:tKeHHHX HJIH HenocpeJ]:CTBeHHO Ha
Kp11CTaJIJIHqeCKliX nopo
ax J]:onaJIe030i1cKoro cj:>YH)J.aMeHTa (MHKaWeBHQ-
CKHll BblcTyn). BOJ]:oynopoM CJIy:tKaT - 3JIIOBHll MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX nopoJ]:
BepXHero MeJIa, rJIHHbI 11 aJIeBpOJIHTbI BepXHero npOTep030H HJIH npoJ]:YKTbI
BblBeTpHBaH11H Kp11CTaJIJIHlIeCKHX nopoJ]: J]:onaJIe030llCKoro CPYH
aMeHTa,
B BHJ]:e KaOJIHHH3HpOBaHHbIX rJIHH H KaOJIHHOB. B MeCTax pa3MblBa BO,lJ,O-
ynopHUX ropH30HTOB BOJ]:bI HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBoro BOJ]:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa
CBH3aHbl C BO)J.aMH HH:tKeJIe:tKalll.HX ropH30HTOB. IJepeKpblBaeTCH OH Ha 60JIb-
lllei1 IIJIOlll.aJ]:H CBoero pacnpOCTpaHeHHH npeJ]:JIeJ]:HHKOBbIMH OT JIO:tKeHHHMH
HJIH BaJIYHHbIMH cyrJIHHKaMH 6epe3HHCKoro 'H J]:HenpOBCKoro OJIeJ]:eHeHHll.
Ha IOrO-3anaJ]:e BeJIOpYCCHH, B 6accellHax peK MyxaBu,a H JIecHoll H Ha




106


onHCAHHE nO,a3EMHbIX BO,a


IOre, B 6accefIHax peK CJIY'HI, HH)I<HerO Te1IeHH5I f1TH1IH, r OpbIHH, Y60pTH,
CJIOBe1IHbI H )KeJIOHH, B KpOBJIe BO,aOHOCHOrO KOMnJIeKCa 3aJIeraIOT neCTpO-
I..(BeTHbIe H TeMHO-6YPbIe r JIHHbI nOJITaBCKOH CepHH, KOTOpbIe 51BJI5IIOTC5I
MeCTHbIMH BO,aoynopaMH. B p5l,ae MeCT, OC06eHHO B ,aOJIHHe p. f1pHn5lTH,
B ,aOJIHHaX HaH60JIee KpynHblx ee npHTOKOB peK 51CeJIb,abI, f1TH1IH, rOpblHH,
Y60pTH H ,apyrHx, HenOCpe,aCTBeHHO Ha HeOreH-naJIeOreHOBOM BO,aOHOCHOM
KOMnJIeKCe 3aJIeralOT BO,aOCO,aep)l{allI.lfe nOpO,abI 1IeTBepTH1IHbIX OT JIO)l{eHHH,
B pe3YJIbTaTe 1IerO YBeJIH1IHBaeTC5I o6lll.a51 MOlll.HOCTb BO,aOCO,aep)l{alll.HX OT-
JIO)l{eHHH H HX Bo,aoo6HJIbHOCTb.
r JIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I KpOBJIH BO,aOHOCHOrO KOMnJIeKCa KOJIe6JIeTC5I B 3Ha-
1IHTeJIbHbIX npe,aeJIax. B U,eHTpaJIbHOH 1IaCTH BCCP OHa Haxo,aHTC5I Ha rJIy-
6HHe 45-120 M HH)l{e nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH HJIH Ha OTMeTKax 120-45 M
a6c. BbICOTbI. Ha IOrO-3ana,ae TeppHTopHH, B npe,aeJIax BpecTcKoH Bna,aHHbI,
r JIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa He npeBbIIllaeT 37-50 M, a
OTMeTKH KpOBJIH nOBbIIllalOTC5I ,ao 90,0-110,0 M Ha,a ypoBHeM MOp51. B IOro-
BOCT01IHbIX paHoHax BCCP BO,aOHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC 3aJIeraeT Ha rJIy6HHe
OT 20 ,ao 105 M HJIH Ha OTMeTKax 120-80 M a6c. BbICOTbI. CpaBHeHHe OT-
'\
MeTOK KpOBJIH BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa nOKa3bIBaeT, 1ITO B IOrO-BOCT01IHbIX
paHoHax BeJIOPyccHH na,aeHHe ee Ha6JIIO,aaeTC51 C ceBepa Ha lOr H C ceBepo-
3ana,aa Ha IOrO-BOCTOK K f1pHn5lTCKOH Bna,aHHe. Ha IOrO-3ana,ae TeppHTo-
pHH KpOBJI51 BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa nOHH)l{aeTC5I C IOrO-BOCTOKa Ha ce-
Bepo-3ana,a H C BOCTOKa Ha 3ana,a B CTOPOHY BpecTcKoH Bna,aHHM.
Bo,aoBMelll.alOlll.He OTJIO)l{eHH5I npe,acTaBJIeHbI MeJIK03epHHcTbIMH, CHJIb-
HOrJIHHHCTMMH neCKaMH HJIH aJIeBpHTaMH B ceBepHwx paHoHax HX pa

npoCTpaHeHH5I H MeJIKO- H pa3Ho3epHHcTwMH neCKaMH B IO)l{HbIX H IOrO-3a-
na,aHbIX paHoHax TeppHTopHH BCCP.
B TOJIlll.e neCKOB BCTpe1IaIOTC5I npOCJIOH r JIHH H MepreJIeH (KHeBcKHe
CJIOH H nOJITaBCKa51 CepH5I) HJIH cJIa6oCI..(eMeHTHpoBaHHblx neC1IaHHKOB
(nOJITaBCKa51 CepH5I H xapbKoBcKHe CJIOH). B BepxHHx ropH30HTax BO,aOCO-
,aep)l{alll.eH TOJIlll.H (nOJITaBCKa51 CepH5I) Hepe,aKo co,aep)l{aTC5I CHJIbHorYMY-
cHpoBaHHble pa3HocTH neCKOB, rJIHH H cyneceH, a TaK)l{e MaJIOMOlll.HbIe npo-
C.1l0H H JIHH3bl yr JIHCTblX o6pa30BaHHH H 6YPblX yr JIeH, OKa3bIBalOlll.HX 3a-
MeTHoe BJIH5IHHe Ha XHMH1IeCKHH COCTaB H 06lll.YIO MHHepaJIH3al..(HlO 3aKJIIO-
1IeHHb!X B HHX no,a3eMHbJX BO,a.
MOlll.HOCTb BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa BapbHpyeT B IllHpOKOM ,aHana30He.
HaH60JIbIllHX 3Ha1IeHHH (50-70 M) OHa ,aOCTHraeT B f1pHn5lTCKOH Bna-
,aHHe (paHOH ropo,aOB M03blp5l, KaJIHHKOBH1IeH H ,ap.). Ha IO)l{HOM CKJIOHe ,
BeJIOpYCCKoro MaCCHBa, f10JIeCCKOH H )KJI06HHCKOH ce,aJIOBHHaX MOl.QHOCTb'
He npeBbliliaeT 10-14 M, HO 1Ialll.e OHa COCTaBJI5IeT 6,0-8,0 M. B npe,aeJIax
B pecTcKoH Bna,aHHbl MOlll.HOCTb BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa COCTaBJI5IeT 12-
20 M, a Ha TeppHTopHH KpaHHHx IOrO-3ana,aHbIX paHoHoB BpecTcKoH o6JIa-
CTH CHH)l{aeTC5I ,ao 5-3 M H MeHee.
BO,abl HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBoro BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 06JIa,aa1OT no-
BceMeCTHblM CJIa6blM HanopOM, BeJIH1IHHa KOToporo KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 10 ,ao
18 M Ha,a KpOBJIeH nJIaCTa. HaH60JIbiliHe BeJIH1IHHbl Hanopa OTMe1IalO'rC5I
B ceBepHblx paHoHax pacnpocTpaHeHH5I, B ,aOJIHHe peK )J,Henpa, CO)l{a, Be-
pe3HHbl, f1 pHn5lTH H ,apyrHx BeJIH'lHHa Hanopa na,aaeT, 1ITO YKa3bIBaeT Ha
,apeHHpoBaHHe BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa Ha3BaHHblMH peKaMH. f1be30MeT-
pH1IeCKHe ypOBHH Bo,abl ,aep)l{aTC5I Ha OTMeTKax 149,0-156,0 Jot a6c. Bbl-
COTbl B ceBepHblx paHoHax pacnpocTpaHeHH5I H Ha OTMeTKax 135-121 M
Ha lOre TeppHTopHH (Ta6JI. 15). AHa.1lH3 nbe30MeTpH1IeCKHX ypoBHeH BO,aO-
HOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa He ,aaeT MaTepHaJIOB ,aJI5I OKOHTypHBaHH5I OT,aeJIbHbIX
apTe3HaHCKHX 6acceHHOB, HO nOKa3bIBaeT 3aKOHOMepHoe CHH)l{e'HHe BbICOT-
HblX OTMeTOK ypOBHeH OT BeJIOpYCCKOro MaCCHBa H BOJIbJHO-f10,aOJIbCKOH
nJIHTb! B CTOPOHY BpeCTCKOH H f1pHn5lTCKOH Bna,aHH. Ha <pOHe o6lll.ero na-
,aeHH5I nbe30MeTpH1IeCKHX nOBepXHOCTeH B CTOPOHY Bna,aHH ,aBH)l{eHHe no,a-




XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BO
OHOOHUX rOPH30HTOB


107


Ta6JIHua 13
OCHoBHble rH)l.pQreoJIOrH'IecKHe )!.aHH""e no HeoreH-naJIeOreHoBoMY BO)!.OHOCHOMY KOMnJIeKcy


II


fJIy611Ha fJIy611Ha 3aJIe- fJIy611Ha .ile6I1T,
CKB., M MOIl\- 3aJJeraHHH
(',"CJIH- raHHJI KpOBJIH HQCTb ITbe30MeTpH- ...31'<ac
TeJIb) BOllOHOCHoro QeCl\Oro ('!IICJIII- Y.ae,lb-
J'1ecToH8XOiK,neHHe ropH30HTa, At BO,aQ- TeJlb) HbJH
C}{B3JKHH a6c. OTM. HOCHQrO YPOBHH, At ,ae6HT,
YCTbH ropll- rrOHH)K. .It'/qac
CKB., At OT IIO-! a6c. 30HT3, OT IIO- ! a6c. YPOBHH, M
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. .It BepXH. aTM. (3HaMeHa-
Te"b) 3eMJHi KpOBJHi 3eMJlH Te"b)
LJ:ep. IT06eJJ.a, 182,0 94,0 30,0 11,0 1,5 122,5 7,2 0,12
l\eMeHT- 124,0 58,2
bill 3aBOJl: «ITo6eJJ.a»

OJIKOBbICKoro p-Ha 135,0 10,1
.ll ep. f JlOBCeBH'J1I CJIO- 110,0 60,0 15,0 25,0 145,0 0,4
HMCKoro p-Ha 170,0 25,0
.llep. LJ:eB5ITKOBIIl[H 150,0 125,0 - 20,0 10,0 10,1 0,4
- - 25,0
JIOllllMCKoro p-Ha
.ll ep. 113611l\bI ITpY)Kall- 122,11 105,0 57,21 9,4 1,73 160,43 0,41 0,006
Koro p-Ha 162,21 18,0
LJ:ep. fOJI5I KaMeHel\- 150,35 131,55 48,72 17,45 15,7 164,57 0,18 0,007
oro p-Ha 180,27 7,00
LJ:ep. MorJJ.aJIIIH K06- 59,80 50,40 91,60 9,4 4,5 137,5 8,90 0,22
IIHCKOrO p-Ha 142,00 37,50
LJ:ep. 3 aK03eJIb LJ:pom- 53,0 37,5 109,5 16,47 9,76 137,24 11,60 7,58
IIHCKOrO p-Ha 147,0 I:53
LJ:ep. MOJlOJl:OBO I1Ba- 63,6 45,7 104,3 14,9 8,30 141,7 26,4 8,22
fOBCKoro p-Ha 150,0 3,20
fopoJJ. Cl Yl\K CJJYl\KO- 75,0 58,1 95,9 13,9 0,6 153,4 21,17 3,9
o p-Ha 154,0 5;40
f. noc. CTap06l1H J11O- 66,06 52,9 92,1 7,16 3,20 141,8 10,8 27,0
aHCKoro p-Ha 145,0 D;4
f. noc. )f(HTKOBII 'JH 75,5 62,65 73,35 9,15 6,00 130,0 22,18 4,03
I1TKOBlItJCKoro p-Ha 136,0 5;5
.llep. PYJJ.H5I-rpe6eHb 75,0 63,0 56,0 12,0 2,00 127,0 42,12 7,02
I1TKOBlItJCKoro p-Ha 129,0 6:0
f. noc. TYPoB )f(IITKO- 77,3 58,0 66,0 16,0 3,0 121,0 7,38 2,46
I1'JCKoro p-Ha ]24,0 3:0
r. noc. KonaTKeBlItJlI 60,0 31,0 94,0 29,0 3,0 122,0 14,76 2,46
ITeTpllKoBcKoro p-Ha 125,0 6:0
C"x LJ:opoIlleBlItJH ITeT- 64,0 57,65 70,35 6,70 1,50 126,5 32,04 6,40
I1KOBCKOro p-Ha 128,0 5;0


H


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T


6


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108


onHCAHHE nO)I,3EMHbIX BO)I,


ITpo)]'OJJ)KeHIH
 Ta6JI. 15


p


flIy6HHa fJIy61IHa 3aJIe- fJIy6HHa ,ae6ll'r.
CKB.
 M MoUl- 33J1er3HH.H
(tmcm.J- f3HH:H KpOBJIH HQCTh ITbe30MeTpH- "'"('lac
Te.lb) BOltOHOCHoro t.[eCKoro ('mCJIH- YltelIb-
MeCTOn8XOJKJI.eWie ropH30HTa, .., 80110- TelIb) HblH:
CKBa)l{HH a6c. OTM. HOCHoro ypOBH5I, M lle6HT.
yeTbH ropH- I rrOHH)K. .Jt3/'1ac
CKB., At OT no-! a6e. 30HTa, OT no-, a6e. ypOBH
, M
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. .... BepXH. OTM. (3HaMeHa-
Te.1b) 3eMJU.J KpOBJUr 3eMJIH TeJIb)
r. noc. J1eJ1b'JlHJ,bl Mo- 57,37 40,50 97,5 16,50 3,5 134,5 16,20
138,0 - -
3bIpcKoro p-Ha
LJ:ep. CTo)],OJ1Hw.e Mo- 55,0 34,0 110,0 15,0 13,0 131,0 14,76 6,7
3bIpcKoro p-Ha 144,0 2:0 7
fopo)], M03bIpb (rop- 100,0 28,0 89,0 62,9 CaMo- - 73,98 12,84-
O)],OI1POBO)],) M03bIpCKO- 177,0 H3JIHB 3,55
ro p-Ha
CT. KpaCHbIH Beper 42,15 38,55 97,45 3,60 6,0 130,0 9,0 4,5
)RJ106I1HCKOrO p-Ha 136,00 2,00
.IJ:ep. POrHHb By)],a-Ko- 30,82 24,64 113,36 6,18 2,46 135,54 15,4 3,2
w.eJIeBCKOro p-Ha 138,00 4,48
fopoJJ. fOMeJ1b (ropBo- 28,15 22,50 112,5 5,65 4,5 130,5 25,9
135,0 - -
Ol1pOBO)],) rOMeJJbCKOrO -
p-Ha
CT. TepexoBKa LJ:06- 80,75 45,71 102,29 - 6,40 141,60 3,5
148,0 - -
YlliCKoro p-Ha -
CT. Ba6HtJH PetJHlJ,KOrO 78,5 47,3 84,7 17,7 3,85 128,15 26,64 3,26
132,0 7;85
p-Ha .
fopo)], PetJHl\a PetJlilJ,- 56,06 47,71 85,29 - 8,0 121,0 19,1 3,47
oro p-Ha 133,0 s:s
r. 110C. J1 oeB Pe'JHl\KO- 80,0 67,0 63,0 13,0 3,0 127,0 18,0 22,5
0 p-Ha 130,0 ----o;s
r. noc. BpafllH Bpa- 60,0 41,0 71,0 19,0 4,0 108,0 12,31
112,0 - -
HHCKoro p-Ha HeT
CBe!1.
LJ:ep. KOMapHH BparHH- 60,0 47,25 59,75 12,75 3,10 103,9 9,21
107,0 - -
Koro p-Ha HeT
CBe)],.
r. noc. X011HHKH XOH- 46,3 19,75 - 20,3 15,0 - 7,56 3,6
- 2T
HKCKoro p-Ha -
f. 110C. EJIbCK EJIbCKO- 98,2 45,0 90,0 53,2 4,25 130,75 11,71 1,6
0 p-Ha 135,0 6,95
fopoJJ. LJ:06PYlli LJ:06- 43,0 34,60 105,40 8,4 22,0 118,0 5,4 1,15
YlliCKoro p-Ha 140,0 -:r,'7


B


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XA,PA,KTEPHCTHKA BOAOHOQHblX rOPH30HTOB


109


3eMHbIX BO)1, HeOreH-llaJIeOreHOBOrO BO)1,OHOCHOrO KOMllJIeKCa Ha6JIIO)1,aeTCH
11 B CTOPOHY KpyrrHblx )1,OJIHH peK ,I:LHeflpa, CO:iKa, Eepe3HHbl, fIpHflHTH H
)1,PYrHX, r)1,e oHH '-laCTH'-lHO pa3rpY:iKaJOTC5I B BbIflOJIH5IJOIII.HX )1,OJIHHbI aJIJIJO-
BHaJIbHble OTJIO:iKeHH5I.
fIl1TaHl1e' HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBoro BO)1,OHOCHoro KOMllJIeKCa OCYIII.eCT-
BJI5IeTC5I Ha CKJIOHaX EeJIOpYCCKoro, YKpaHHCKoro KpHCTaJIJIH'-leCKHX MaCCH-
BOB H BOJIbIHo-TIO)1,OJIbCKOH llJIHTbI KaK 3a C'-leT l1Hq>HJIbTpaUHl1 aTMoCq>ep-
HblX BOA Ha IIJIOW:8,l1;H HX BbIXO)I,8 H8 llOBepXHOCTb (68ccellHbI peK CO:iKa,
TYPl1H, CTblpH, CTOxoAa, Y60pTH HAP.), TaK H flYTeM llepeTeKaHHH BO)1, 113
BbIllleJIe:iKaIII.l1X BO)1,OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB '-leTBepTH'-lHbIX oTJIo:iKeHHll.
BOAo06HJIbHOCTb HeoreH-flaJleOreHOBoro BO)1,OHOCHoro KOMllJIeKCa Me-
HHeTC5I B lllHpOKOM )1,Halla30He H HaXOAHTC5I B TecHoH 3aBHCl1MOCTl1 OT JIl1TO-
JIOrl1'-leCKOrO COCTaBa BO)1,OBMeIII.aJOIII.HX oTJIo:iKeHHll H HX MOIII.HOCTH. Y ce-
BepHblx rpaHHU pacllpoCTpaHeHl15I BO)1,OHOCHoro KOMllJIeKCa, r)1,e BOAoco)1,ep-
:iKaIII.He nopoAbI llpeACTaBJIeHbI MeJIK03epHHCTbIMl1 r JIl1Hl1CTbIMH fleCKaMH
HJIH 8JIeBpHTaMH MOIl\HOCTbJO )1,0 5-8 .M., BOA006HJIbHOCTb ero O'-leHb MaJIa,
11 B CB5I3H C 3THM OH He HcnOJIb3yeTC5I 6ypOBbIMH CKBa:iKl1HaMH. B BpeCT-
CKOll Bna)1,l1He, 3aHHMaJOIII.ell JOrO-3alla)1,Hble paHOHbI BCCP, MOIII.HOCTb
BO)].OHOCHoro KOMllJIeKCa B03paCTaeT AO 14-17 .M., a MeCTaMl1 )1,0 20 .M.
11 B COCTaBe BO)1,OBMeIII.alOIII.l1X nopo)1, npe06JIaAalOT MeJIK03epHl1CTble, pe:iKe
pa3H03epHHcTble, HO XOpOlllO npoMbITble, pa3HocTH neCKOB, OOJIaAalOIII.He
OTHOCHTeJIbHO BbICOKOH BO)1,ooTAa'-leH. TIpl1 CeT'-laTbIX <pl1JIbTpax )1,HaMeTpoM
150 MM Ae6HTbI CKBa:iKHH, llOJIY'-laJOIII.Hx BO)1,Y H3 HeoreH-llaJIeOreHOBoro
BOAOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKca, KOJIe6JIIOTC5I OT 7,2 )1,0 11,6 M 3 /t.tac C llOHH:iKeHl1eM
ypOBHH Ha 1,5-58,5 M OT CTaTl1'leCKOro, 11 TOJIbKO B )].ep. MOJIOAOBO, 1-18 a-
HOBCKoro palloHa npoH3BO)1,HTeJIbHOCTb CKBa:iKHHbI )1,OCTHrJIa 26,4 M 3 /t.tac
npl1 nOHH:iKeHHH nbe30MeTpl1'-leCKOrO ypOBHH Ha 3,2 .M. (CM. Ta6JI. 15).
Ha TeppHTOpl1l1 fIpHnHTcKoH Bna)1,HHbI, oXBaTbIBalOIII.ell IOrO-BOCTO'-lHble
paHoHbI EeJIOpycoIH, MOIII.HOCTb HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBoro BO)1,OHOCHoro KOM-
IIJIeKCa AOCTl1raeT 29,0-60,0 M 11 60JIee. Cpe)1,l1 BO)].OBMeIII.alOIII.HX nopo)].
3)1,eCb npe06JIa)1,alOT cpeAHe- H pa3H03epHHcTble neCKl1, 06JIaAaJOIII.l1e BbICO-
KOH BO)1,ooT)1,a'-leH. TIpH CeT'-laTbIX <pHJIbTpax AHaMeTpoM 150-200 MM
)1,e611Tbl CKBa:iKl1H KOJIe6JIIOTCH OT 6,7 )1,0 32,0-42,0 .M. 3 /liac C nOHH:iKeHHeM
ypOBHH Ha 2,0-20,5 M OT CTa Tl1'leCKoro. Y)1,eJIbHble )1,e6HTbI CKBa:iKHH
Bapbl1pYJOT OT 1,6 )1,0 22,5 M 3 /t.tac. B paHoHe r. M03blpH )].e6HTbI CKBa:iKHH
)1,OCTHraIOT 60-74 .M. 3 /liac H 60JIee npH nOHH:iKeHHH nbe30MeTpH'-leCKOrO
ypOBHH Ha 2,2-3,55 .M., T. e. Y)1,eJIbHble Ae6HTbI ,1I,0CTHraIOT 60JIee 20 .M. 3 /t.tac
(CM. Ta6JI. 15). TIpl1 3TOM HaH60JIblllaH Bo)].006HJIbHOCTb Ha6JIIO)1,aeTC5l
B CKBa)Kl1HaX, )1,OBe)1,eHHbIX )1,0 HH:iKHHX rOp1130HTOB BO)1,OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa,
r)1,e 06bI'-lHO npe06JIa)1,aJOT Ha1160JIee KpynHble pa3HOCTl1 neCKOB.
06JIaAa5I 60JIbIIIHMH 3KCnJIyaTaII;HoHHbIMH pecypcaMH nOA3eMHblX BO)1"
HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBbIH BO)1,OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC HrpaeT 60JIblllYJO pOJIb B BO)1,-
HOM X03HHcTBe MHorHX paHoHoB IOrO-BOCTO'-lHOll '-laCTH Ee.rIOpycCHH. Ha
IIOA3eMHbIX BOAax 3Toro BO)1,OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa OCHOBaHO BO)1,oCHa6:iKe-
HHe ropo)1,oB M03blpH, KaJIHHKOBH'-leH, XOHHI1KOB, EparHHa H )1,pyrHx,
a TaK:iKe pHAa npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX npe)1,npHHTHH, CeJIbCKHX HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHK-
TOB H T. A. Ha TeppHTopHH )I(HTKOBH'-lCKOrO, fIeTpHKoBcKoro, KonaTKeBH'-l-
CKOro, M03blpCKoro 11 EJIbCKOrO paUOHOB, a TaK:iKe B npe)].eJIax ,I:LHenpo-
npHIIHTCKoro Me)KAypeIJbH HeoreH-lIaJIeOreHOBbIH BO)1,OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC
HBJIHeTCH Ha1160JIee BO)1,00611JIbHbIM H MO:iKeT CJIY:iKHTb Ha)1,e:iKHbIM HCTO'-l-
HHKOM nHTbeBoro H X03HllcTBeHHo-TeXHHQeCKoro BO)I,OCHa6)f(eHHH C Kpyn-
HbIM BO)1,onOTpe6JIeHHeM.
TIo XHMH'-leCKOMY COCTaBY nO)1,3eMHble BOAbI HeoreH-flaJIeo,reHOBoro
BO)1,OHOCHoro KOMflJIeKCa OTHOCHTCH B OCHOBHOM K rH)1,pOKap60HaTHO-
KaJIbII;HeBOMY THny (Ta6JI. 16) C MHHepaJI113aII;HeH OT 0,11 )1,0, 0,41 ciA.
Ha Teppl1TOpl1H fIpHnHTCKOH BnaAHHbI BCTpeqalOTCH BO)].bI CYJIb<paTHO-




114


onHCAHHE nO,lJ,3EMHbIX BO,lJ,


BaeMOH TeppHTOplHI HepaBHOMepHOe II nOnOMY Ha O,lJ,HIIX yqaCTKaX OHM
06BO,lJ,HeHbI CIIJIbHO, Ha ,lJ,Pymx BO,lJ,OHOCHOCTb np05IBJI5IeTC5I cJIa60 IIJIH
MepreJIbHO-Me.1JOBbIe nOpO.lI.bI 5IBJI5IlOTC5I npaKTII'IeCKIi 6e3BO,lJ,HbIMIi.
Ha6JIlO,lJ,eHII5IMIi YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'ITO Ha1I60JIbUIa5I Tperu:IIHOBaTOCTb II
3aKapCTOBaHHOCTb MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX DOpO,lJ, Ha6mo,lJ,aeTC5I B peqHbIX
,lJ,OJIIIHaX, C Y,lJ,aJIeHIIeM OT KOTOpbIX XapaKTep Tperu:IIHOBaTOCTIi MeH5IeTC5I
H 3aKapCTOBaHHOCTb nOCTeneHHO 3aTyxaeT.
MOru:HOCTb BO,lJ,OBMeru:alOru:IIX OTJIO:m:eHIIH CeHOH-TypOHCKOrO BO,lJ,OHOC-
HOro rOplI30HTa KOJIe6JIeTC5I B UIlipOKIiX npe,lJ,eJIax. Ha nJIOru:a,lJ,II BeJIopyc-
CKOrO MaCCIiBa II flOJIeCCKOH Ce,lJ,JIOBIIHbI, 3aHIiMalOru:IIX lO:m:HbIe paUOHbI
MIIHCKOH, BOCTO'IHbIe paHOHbI rpO,lJ,HeHCKOH II BpeCTCKOU II 3ana,lJ,HbIe paH-
OHbI MOrIIJIeBCKOH II 'IaCTII'IHO rOMeJIbCKOH 06JIaCTefI, OHa BapblipyeT OT
HeCKOJIbKIIX MeTpOB ,lJ,0 35-44 .M.; B cpe,lJ,HeM OHa He npeBbIUIaeT 20-25 .M..
B npe,lJ,eJIax BOCT04HbIX pafIoHoB MOrIIJIeBCKOH 06JIaCTII MOru:HOCTb ceHOH-
TypoHcKoro BO.lI.OHOCHOro roplI30HTa BeCbMa HepaBHoMepHa, HO pacnpo-
CTpaHeHHbIe MOru:HOCTII KOJIe6JIlOTC5I OT 15 ,lJ,0 20 .M.. B CTOpoHy BpecTcKoii
BDa,lJ,IIHbI 3ana,lJ,HOrO CKJIOHa BeJIOpyccKoro MaCCIiBa II flplIn5ITCKOU Bna-
,lJ,IIHbI MOru:HOCTb BO,lJ,OHOCHoro roplI30HTa pe3Ko B03pacTaeT. B npe,lJ,eJIax
3ana,lJ,HbIX paHoHoB rpO,lJ,HeHCKoH II BpecTcKoH 06JIaCTeH OHa ,lJ,OCTIIraeT:
97,0 .M. B paHoHe rpO,lJ,HO, 103 .M. B r. noc. I1H)J,ype, 87,0 .M. B r. flpy:m:aHbI,
117,0 .M. B r. K06pIIHe, 142,5 .M. B r. BpecTe, 166,0.M. B r. BbICOKOM, 179,0 .M.
B )J,ep. HOBOCeJIKII KaMeHell.KOrO paHoHa II 180-241 .M. Ha lOre BpecTcKoro
. paHoHa (,lJ,epeBHII BpO,lJ,5ITIiH II J1en.JJeBKa). B npe,lJ,eJIax flplIn5ITCKOrO apTe-
3IIaHCKoro 6acceI:lHa MOru:HOCTb ceHoH-TypoHcKoro roplI30HTa BapblipyeT
B nmpoKoM ,lJ,lIana30He. B CBO,lJ,OBbIX qaCT5IX CTPYKTYP BToporo nOp5I,lJ,Ka
MOru:HOCTb ero He npeBbIUIaeT 5-1O.M. (r. noc. KonaTKeBIIqlI), B Me:m:-
KynOJIbHbIX ,lJ,enpeCCII5IX OHa B03pacTaeT (89,0.M. B paHoHe r. noc. J1eJIb-
4lIlI.bI, 108 .M. B ,lJ,ep. rplI,lJ,HII HapOBJI5JHCKOrO paHoHa II 128,0 .M. B paHoHe
r. noc. XOHHIIKII). MaKCIIMaJIbHbIe MOru:HOCTIi BO,lJ,OHOCHoro roplI30HTa nplI-
ypO'IeHbI K paHoHaM rOMeJI5J - JJ.06pYUIa' II ,lJ,OCTIIralOT 256.M. (,lJ,ep. flo,lJ,-
,lJ,06p5JHKa JJ.06pYUIcKoro paHoHa).
r JIy6lIHa 3aJIeraHII5I ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO,lJ,OHOCHoro ropII30HTa Ha
TeppIITopIIII BCCP KaK BII,lJ,HO KOJIe6JIeTCH B UIlipOKIiX npe,lJ,eJIax (Ta6JI. 17).
B 6acceHHe cpe,lJ,HerO Te'IeHIIH p. Co:m:a, npli OTMeTKax nOBepxHocTIi 3eMJIli
OT 166,0 ,lJ,0 213,0 .M. a6c. BbICOTbI, OHa He npeBbIUIaeT 20,6 (r. noc. KOCTIO-
KOBII'Ill) - 44,7 .M. (r. KJIIiMOBII'III) HII:m:e 3eMHoH nOBepxHocTIi.
3aJIera5I BbIUIe Me:m:eHHbIX ypoBHeH peK, OH 06pa3yeT no CKJIOHaM
pe'IHbIX ,lJ,OJIIiH II OBparOB nJIaCTOBbIe BbIXO,lJ,bI nO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, II MHOrOqIIC-
JIeHHbIe llCTO'IHIIKII, qaCTO C 60JIbUIliM ,lJ,e6IITOM, nliTalOru:lle pyqbII II peKII.
BO)J,aMIi ceHOH-TYPOHCKoro BO,lJ,OHOCHOro ropII30HTa Ha TeppliTopli1i noro
paHOHa nliTalOTCH II MHorlie UIaXTHbIe KOJIO,lJ,lI.bI.
OTHOCIITeJIbHO BbICOKoe nOJIo:m:eHlIe KpOBJIIi BO,lJ,OHOCHOro roplI30HTa
MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBOH TOJIru:1I ceHOH-TypOHCKIiX OTJIo:m:eHIIH Ha6JIlO,lJ,aeTC5I II
Ha KpaHHeM lOrO-3ana,lJ,e BpeCTCKOH 06JIaCTIi. Ha npaBOM 6epery 3an. Byra
y r. JJ.OMa'IeBO OHa HaXO,lJ,llTC5I Ha rJIy6lIHe 26,0.M. HII:m:e nOBepxHocTH
3eMJIII IIJIII Ha OTMeTKe 124,0 .M. Ha,lJ, ypoBHeM MOp5I. Ha OCTaJIbHOH nJIO-
ru:a,lJ,1I pacrrpocTpaHeHII5I ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO,lJ,OHOCHOro roplI30HTa r.lIy6IIHa
3aJIeraHII5I ero KpOBJIIi BapblipyeT OT 33,0 .M. Ha BO,lJ,Opa3,lJ,eJIe peK )J,Henpa
II Bepe3lIHbI (CT. KpaCHbIH Beper) ,lJ,0 159,35 .M. B npaB06epe:m:HoH qaCTIi
p. HeMaHa (r. noc. OCTpbIHa). B npe,lJ,eJIax ,lJ,peBHeH ,lJ,OJIIIHbI p. HeMaHa
(rpo,lJ,Ho-MoCTbI) rJIy6IIHa 3aJIeraHII5I BO,lJ,OHOCHOro ropII30HTa ceHOH-
TypOHCKllX OTJIo:m:eHIIH ,lJ,OCTIIraeT 223,0-237,0 .M. HII:m:e nOBepxHocTII 3eMJIII
(a6c. OTM. 80-31 .M.).
HaII60JIee BblCOKlie OTMeTKII nbe30MeTplIqeCKliX YPoBHefI ceHoH-TypOH-
CKoro BO)J,OHOCHoro roplI30HTa B rpaHIIu;ax BCCP OTMeqaIOTC5I Ha nJIoru:a,lJ,1l
BeJIopyccKoro MaCCIiBa II BOCTO'IHbIX ero CKJIOHOB, OXBaTbIBalOlI(lIX BOCTOq-




XAPAI<TEPHCTHKA BO,lJ,OHOCHblX' roPH30HTOB


115


Ta6JIHua 17
OCHoBHble rH)!.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe )!.aHHble no ceHoH-TYPOHCKOMY BO)!.OHOCHOMY ropH30HTY


,-


fJly6HHa fJly6HHa 3aM- fJly6HHa .l(e6HT,
CKB., At Mow.- 3a.TIer3HHSI
(tIHCJ1H- raHHH KpOBJIH HOCTb TIbe30MeTpH- .At'/'1ac
TeJlb) BO.lf.OHQCHoro qeCKoro ('lHCJlH- YJleJlb-
MeCTOHaXO}f{.lf.eHHe ropH30HTa, At B0110- TeJlb) Hblfi:
CKBamHH a6c. OTM. HOCHoro ypOBH", .At .zr.eCHT,
YCTb" ropH- nOHH}K . .At'/'1ac
CKB., .M OT no-I a6c. 30HT3, OT no-I aGc. ypOBHH, ..It
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. .At BepXH. OTM. (3HaMeHa-
TeJlb) 3eMJIH KpOBJIH 3eMJIH TeJlb)
fopoJJ. J1!JJJ.a J1!JJJ.CKOro 127,0 116,20 18,00 30,8 16,00 129,00 14,00 1,27
p-Ha 145,0 11,00
fopoJJ. fp OJJ.H 0 (npa- 146,6 55,30 96,70 97,22 16,50 135,50 7,90 0,20
BbIH 6eper p. HeMaHa) 152,0 40,00
KHpn!JtJHbIH 3aBOJJ. J{g 20
Cox «IT06eAa» BOJIKo- 182,0 105,00 51,00 77,00 1,50 154,50 7,50 0,12
BbICKoro p-Ha 156,0 58,00
fOPOA CJIOH!JM CJIO- 198,0 96,0 38,50 44,00 CaMo- 134,50 14,80 0,37
HIIMCKoro p-Ha 134,0 !J3JI!JB 40,00
fopoJJ. ITpY)Ka!Jbl ITpy- 188.4 95,30 62,10 87,10 3,50 154,50 2,5 0,05
)KaHCKOro p-Ha 153,0 46,50
LJ:ep. CaMOHJIOB!JtJ!J Be- 16),0 102,00 54,00 60,00 11,00 145,00 30,00 4,30
pe30BCKoro p-Ha, !J3BeCT- 150,0 7,00
KOBb!H 3aBOJJ. J{g 6
fOpOA BpecT, ropBOAO- 300,0 57,50 77,5 142,50 6,00 129,00 16,67 153
npOBOA 135,0 10,86
f. noc. LJ:oMatJeBo 4
,0 26,00 124,00 17,00 3,50 146,50 17,20 4,30
BpecTcKoro p-Ha 150,0 4,00
fopoJJ. K06pllH K06- 200,0 83,00 57,00 117,00 4,50 135,50 40,00 6,90
p!JHCKoro p-Ha 140,0 6,50
fopoJJ. ITIIHCK ITIIHCKO- 74,0 35,00 99,50 38,00 3,00 131,50 60.00 6,00
ro p-Ha 134,50 10,00
fopoJJ. BapaHoBHtJlI Ba- 168,0 140,00 53,15 28,00 11,00 182,15 28,60 2,60
paHoBH'JcKoro p-Ha 193,15 11,00
LJ:ep. ITOKp ailleBO CJIYU- 109,0 91,83 78,17 17,17 6,00 164,00 32,50 2,10
Koro p-Ha 270,0 13,50
LJ:ep. C YTHH DYXOBlItJ- 81,48 71,50 87,50 6,71 2,10 156,90 7,80 1,66
CKoro p-Ha, Cox «3aJIor 159,0 4,70
n5ITIIJIeTKII»
f. noc. TYPOB )l(HTKO- 144.0 75,00 51,00 39,02 6,00 120,00 14,40 2,40
B!J'JCKoro p-Ha ]26,0 6,00
CT. Ype'Jbe CJIYUKoro 119,80 95,10 54,90 19,90 3,60 146,40 18,50 2,05
p-IJa 150,0 2,50




116


Of1HCAHHE nO,I:\3EMHbIX BOA


DpOJJ.OJl)/{eHHe Ta6J1. } 7


r JI y6HHa fJIy6HHa 3aJle- f"y6uRa .Deb»T,
CKB., At MOil!- 3aJIeramUI
("He)),,- raHl151 KpOBJIH HOt.1'b llbe3a.MeTpn- Jot3)'1ae
.eJIb) BO.QOHQCHOrO qeCKOrO ('!HeJll!- YJJ.eJIb-
J\\eeTOH&XO}KJJ.eIlHe ropH30HT3, At BO,!lO- Tec1b) HbIll
CKBalKHH abc. OTM.. HQCHOro YPOBHH, At JI,eOHT,
YC'fbH rop»- nom.i)K. A(3!'lac
t.KB., M- OT ITo-1 a6c. 30HTa, OT ITo-1 ypOBHH, .M
a6c. (3HaMeHa-
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. QiM. A( BepXH. OTM.
TeJlb) 3eMJIH KpOBJIH 3eMJIH TeJIb)
14,80
10,50
5,08
10,60
7,20
HeT cBeA.
4,68
HeT CBeA.
4,68
5,00
11,05
HeT CBeJJ..
8,64
----o.ro
10,58
4:3
10,70
2,80
15,70
23,76
lJO
14,76
7,50
24,80
2,80
180,00
13,20


Cox 11M. B. H. J1eHIiHa
B06pyi'tcKoro p-Ha


CT. KpaCHbIH Beper
)l(JI06IiHCKoro p-Ha


fOPOA LJ:pIi6I!H fopKOB-
CKoro p-Ha


fOPOA 4aYCbI 4aYCCKo-
ro p-Ha


fopoJJ. MCTl!CJIaBJIb
l'1cTIiCJIaBJIbCKoro p-Ha


fopoJJ. KJJIIMOBI1'JIi
MCTI-ICJ\aBJ1bC:Koro p-Ha


fopoJJ. KOCTIOKOBIf'JIi
KOCTIOKOBI!'JCKoro p-Iia


fopoJJ. Pora'JeB Pora-
'IeBCKOro p-Ha


fopoJJ.
JJ06I1H }KJ10-
6HHCKoro p-Ha


f. IIOC. DapIf'lIf CBeT-
.'iorOpCKoro p-Ha


f. noc. l-leqepCK BYJJ.a-
!\omeJIeBCKoro p-Ha


r. noc. BYJJ.a-KomeJIe-
:BO BYAa- KOIlleJ1eBCKOro
p-Ha


fOPOA PeqI1L(a Pe'JIil\-
Koro p-Ha


fOPOA fOMeJJb (ropBo-
JJ.onpoBoJJ.) fOMeJIbCKorO
p-Ha


85,50
145,0


;..91,25
142,00


37,50
164,00


60,00
160,00


88,61
194,5


54,72
165,0


70,5
155.0


154,80
141,0


108,0
137,0


74,0
140,0


51,74
140,0


103,7
145,0


130,0
135,0


100,0
121,20


67,50 77,50 17,50


4.50 140,50


0,39


53,60 88,40 36,40


4,10 137,90


0,48


34,00 130,00 3,50 15,00 149,00


31,00 129,00 29,00 26,00 134,00


79,50 115,00


9,11 43,00 151,50


0,93


44,72 110,28 10,00 13,00 152,00


20,60 135,00 49,90 21,75 133,25


8,64


55,00 ; 86,00 49,45


3,48 132,52


2,47


55,0


82,00 38,00


3,80


5,10 131,90


58,00 82,00 15,50


25,00 115,00 25,75


6,50 133,50


21,60


45,00 100,00 58,70


6,50 138,50


1,90


89,70 45,30 27,30 16,00 119,00


8,80


36,20 85,20 155,80


5,62 115,58


13,60




XAPAI\TBWiCTHI\A Bo.D.OHOCHblX rOPJ130HTOB


117


Hble paHOHbI MOrHJIeBCKOH 06JIaCTH. B CKBaMHHaX, paCllOJIOMellHbIX Ha
HOBorpy,n:CKOH B03BblIIleHHOCTH H ee CKJIOHaX, OXBaTbIBaIOIll,HX I1.eHTpaJIb-
HYIO qaCTb BeJIOPYCCKOrO MaCCHBa, OHH AOCTHraIOT 182,0 (r. BapaHo-
BHqH) - 245,0 M (r. HOBorpy,n:oK) Ha,n: ypoBHeM MOpJI. B npe,n:eJIax Ko-
nbIJIbCKOH KOHeqHOMOpeHHoH rpHAbl nbe30MeTpHqeCKHH ypoBeHb ceHOH-
TypoHcKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro ropH30HTa ,n:epMHTCJI Ha OTMeTKax 160-164 M.
Ha OCTaJIbHOH nJIOlll,aAH MaCCHBa OHH HaXOA5ITC5I Ha OTMeTKax 154,0-
158,0 M a6c. BbICOTbI. r1be30MeTpHqeCKHe ypOBHH ::)Toro BO,n:OHOCHoro ropH-
30HTa IIMeIOT OTMeTKH 149,0-152,0 M HaA ypoBHeM MOp5I.
Ha 3anaA, IOr H IOrO-BOCTOK OT BeJIOPyccKoro MaCCHBa <pHKcHPyeTC5I
CHHlKeHHe ilbe30MeTpHqeCKOH nOBepxHocTH ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro
ropH30HTa. B npeAeJIaX BpecTcKoH BnaAHHbl OHa CHHMaeTCH .11.0 135,5 M
Ha,n: ypoBHeM MOp5I B r. fpO,n:HO H ,n:o 129,0 M 1.3 r. BpecTe. B r1pHn5IT-
CKOH Bna,n:HHe OTMeTKH nbe30MeTpHQeCKHX YPoBHeH nOHHMaIOTCH ,n:o
120,0 M 1.3 r. TypoBe, ,n:o 119,0 M 1.3 r. PeqHue H ,n:o 115,0-116,0 M Ha,n:
ypoBHeM MOpH B ropo,n:ax fOMeJIe H HOBO-BeJIHILe. Ha <poHe o61ll,ero CHH-
lKeHHH nbe30MeTpHqeCKHe nOBepxHocTH ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO)J,OHOCHoro
ropII30HTa B CTOPOHY BnaAHH na,n:eHHe nbe30MeTpHQeCKHX YPoBHeH Ha6JIIO-
,n:aeTCH H K )J,OJIHHaM peK 3an. Byra, r1pHnHTH, JJ.Henpa, COMa, qTO CBH,n:e-
TeJIbCTByeT Q ,n:peHHpOBaHHH ':noro ropH30HTa ,n:OJIHHaMH YKa3aHHbIX peK.
Ha6JIIO,n:eHHeM 3a ypOBeHHbIM peMHMOM no,n:3eMHbIX BO,n: B CKBaMHHax
fOMeJI5I YCTaHOBJIeHa TeCHa5I H Henocpe,n:cTBeHHa5I CB5I3b nO)J,3eMHbIx BO)J,
ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BOAoHocHoro ropH30HTa C BOAaMH p. COMa. r10,n:'beM
rOp.!130HTa BO)J,bl 1.3 p. COlK BecHoll 1940 r. )J,OBOJIbHO 6blCTpO CK33aJJC5I Ha
nOBbIIIleHHH ypOBH51 no,n:3eMHbIX BOA B CKBaMHHax rOMeJIbCKOro ropOA-
CKoro BOAo3a6opa. r1PH ,n:OCTHlKeHHH ropH30HTa BO,n:bl 1.3 p. COlKe BbIllie
nOJIa IIlaXTbI CKBaMHHbI BO,lI,a H3 CKBalKIIHbI CTaJIa nepeJIHBaTbC5I Qepe3
KpaH TPy6bI, 3anOJIHHB IllaXTY ,lI,0 OTMeTKH ypOBHH BO,lI,bI B p. COMe. r1PH
KOJIe6aHIIH ropH30HTa BO,n:bl 1.3 p. COlKe B paHOHe r. KpHQeBa OT 141,0 ,lI,O
144,5 .M. a6c. BbICOTbI ypoBeHb BO,lI,bI B CKBaMHHax, AOBe,lI,eHHbIX .11.0 BOAO-
HOCHoro ropH30HTa ceHoH-TypOHCKHX OTJIOMeHHH, paCnOJIOlKeHHblx B 45-
90 .M. OT PYCJIa peKH, KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 141,5 ,lI,0 145,0 .M. HaA ypoBHeM MOpH
(BorOMOJIOB, 1947). .
AHaJIOrrrQHaH KapTHHa Ha6JIIO,lI,aJIaCb H B CKBaMHHax r1HHcKoro ropo,lI,-
CKoro BOAo3a60pa, paCnOJIOlKeHHblx Ha 6epery p. r1HHbl. r1o,n:'beM ypOBH5I
BO,lI,bI B p. r1HHe BO Bcex cJIYQa5Ix Bbl3bIBaeT nO,lI,'beM ypOBH5I BO,lI,bI B CKBa-
MHHax, KOTOpbIMH 3KCllJIyaTHpyeTcH ceHoH-TYPOHCKHH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH-
30HT.
r1HTaHHe BOAOHOCHoro ropH30HTa ceHoH-TypOHCKHX OTJIOMeHHH oCY-
lll,eCTBJI5IeTC5I pa3HblMII nYT5IMH.
B 6acceHHe BepxHero TeqeHHH peK COMa H r1pHnHTH, r,lI,e MepreJIbHO-
MeJIOBbIe nopo,n:bl ceHOH-TypOHCKHX OTJIOlKeHHH BblcTynaIOT Ha nOBepXHOCTb
HJIH nepeKpbIBaIOTCH MaJIOMOIll,HblM qeXJIOM neCqaHblX, XOpOillO BO,lI,OnpO-
HJ1lJ,aeMbIX OTJIOlKeHHH, nHTaHHe ceHOH-TypOHCKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro ropH30HT3
npOHCXOAIIT 3a CQeT IIH<pIIJIbTpaILHH aTMoc<pepHblX OCa,lI,KOB II BpeMeHHblX
nOBepXHOCTHbIX BO)J,OTOKOB. Ha OCTaJIbHOH TeppHTopHH nHTaHHe BO,lI,OHOC-
HOro ropH30HTa npOHCXO,lI,HT nYTeM nepeTeKaHH5I no,n:3eMHbIX BO,n: H3
HeoreH- naJIeOreHOBoro BOAOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa HJIH H3 BbIllleJIeMalli,HX
BO,n:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB QeTBepTHQHOH TOJIIll,H. B r1pHnHTcKOH Bna,n:IIHe
ceHOH-TypOHCKHH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT nOJIyqaeT qaCTHqHOe nHTaHHe H
3a CQeT no,n:TOKa no,n:3eMHblX BO)J, H3 HHMeJIeMalll,HX BO,n:OHOCHbIX ropH30H-
TOB Me3030HCKHX H naJIe030HCKHX OTJIOMeHHH, qTO B pH,lI,e MeCT, KaK YMe
OTMeLJaJIOCb BblIlle, OKa3bIBaeT 3aMeTHoe BJIII5IHHe Ha HX XHMJ1LJeCKHH
COCTaB II 061ll,YIO MHHep aJIH3 aILHIO.
Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP BO,lI,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT ceHOH-TypOHCKHX OTJIO

lKeHHH 3KCnJIyaTHpyeTC5I MHorHMH CKBalKHHaMH. Oc06eHHO llIHpOKO OH




XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BO.n:OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


II9


B npe.n:eJIax I1pHn5lTCKOrO apTe3HaHCKOrO 6accefma .l!.e6HTbI CKBaJKHH
06blqHO He npeBbIllIaIOT 14,4 (r. TypoB) - 24,80 .M 3 /tiac (r. Peqm:r;a) npH
nOHHiKeHHH ypOBH5I Ha 2,8-6,0 .M aT CTaTHqeCKoro.
Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP nO.l!.3eMHble BO.l!.bI ceHOH-TypOHCKoro BO.l!.OHOC-
HOro ropH30HTa xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I MaJIOll MHHepaJIH3aQHell H OTHOC5ITC5I
K THny rH.l!.pOKap60HaTHO-KaJIbQHeBbIX BO.l!., XHMHqeCKHll COCTaB KOTOpbIX
OCBer.u:aeTC5I .l!.aHHbIMH aHaJIl130B, CBe.l!.eHHbIX B Ta6JI. 18.
B I1pl1nHTCKOH Bna.l!.l1He, r.l!.e no 30HaM TeKTOHl1qeCKl1X pa3JIOMOB npo-
HCXO.l!.HT pa3rpY3Ka BbICOKOMHHepaJIH30BaHHbIX BO.l!. naJIe030HCKHX OTJIOiKe-
HHH, nO.l!.3eMHble BO.l!.bl ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO.l!.OHOCHOro rOp1130HTa Hepe.l!.KO
o60rar.u:aIOTcH xJIOpH.l!.aMH H3TPHH H npHo6peTaIOT qeTKO BblpaiKeHHble
qepTbI XJIOpH.l!.Ho-HaTpHeBblx BO.l!. C MHHepaJIH3aQHell .l!.0 4,2-6,4 cIA H 60-
JIee. TaK, HanpHMep, B .l!.OJIHHaX p. I1THqH, K IOry aT r. rJIYCCKa, B pe3YJIb-
TaTe nO.l!.TOKa MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIX BO.l!. naJIe030HCKHX OTJIOiKeHHH, nO.l!.3eM-
Hble BO.l!.bI ceHOH-TypOHCKl1X OTJIOiKeHl1H HMeIOT OTHOCl1TeJIbHO BbICOKYIO
MHHepaJIH3aQHIO, .l!.oCTHraIOr.u:yIO 4,2 cIA H 60JIee (Ta6JI. 18) H OTHOC5ITC5I
K THny XJIOpH.l!.HO-HaTpl1eBbIX BO.l!..
B CKBaiKHHe Cox «PeqHQa» (.l!.ep. OCTpOB) PeqHQKOrO palloHa, pacno-
JIOlKeHHOro B6JI11311 30HbI TeKTOHWIeCKHX pa3JIOMOB, orpaHwlHBaIOr.u:Hx
I1pl1nHTcKYIO Bna.l!.l1HY C ceBepa, nO.l!.3eMHble BO.l!.bI ceHoH-TypOHCKl1X OTJIO-
lKeHHH OTHOCHTC5I K XJIOpH.l!.HO-HaTpHeBoMY THny C MHHepaJIH3aQHell 6,4 cIA
(CM. Ta6JI. 18). I1oBbIllIeHH351 MHHep3JIH33QH5I nO.l!.3eMHbIX BO.l!. ceHOH-
TypOHCKHX oT.10iKeHHll Ha6JIIO.l!.aeTC5I TaKiKe B .l!.OJIHHe CJIyqH, K IOry aT
.l!.ep. Ml1JIeBHqH .ITYHHHeQKOrO pallOHa, B .l!.OJIHHe I1pHn5lTH K IOry aT
r. I1eTpl1KOBa, B .l!.OJIHHe CJIOBellHO K 3ana.l!.Y aT CT. CJIOj3e l lHO H B pSl.l!.e
.l!.pymx nYHKTOB, qTO CBl1.l!.eTeJIbCTByeT a 3HaqHTeJIbHOM BJIH5IHHH pa3rpy-
iKaror.u:l1XCH MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIX BO.l!. naJIe030llCKHX OTJIOiKeHHll Ha <pOpMH-
pOBaHl1e. Xl1Ml1qeCKOrO COCTaBa H 06r.u:ell Ml1HepaJI113aQl1l1 nO.l!.3eMHbIX BO.l!.
ceHOH-TypOHCKHX OTJIOiKeHHH.
B CaHl1TapHOM OTHOllJeHl1H nO.l!.3eMHble BO.l!.bI ceHOH-TypOHCKoro BO.l!.O-
HOCHoro ropH30HTa xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I BbICOKHMl1 nOKa3aTeJI5IMH, n03BOJI5IIO-
r.u:HMH CqHTaTb KaqeCTBO 3THX BO.l!. 6e3ynpeqHbIM.
B IOrO-BOCTOqHbIX pallOHax MOrHJIeBCKOH, Ha BOCTOKe rOMeJIbCKOIr H
Ha 3ana.l!.e BpeCTCKOH 06JIaCTell BO.l!.OHOCHbIll ropH30HT ceHOH-TypOHCKHX
OTJIOiKeHHH HrpaeT 60JIbllIYIO pOJIb B BO.l!.HOM X0351llCTBe Ha3BaHHbIX pallO-
HOB. He60JIbllIa51 r JIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I (50-100 .M), OTHOCHTeJIbHO BbICOKa51
BO.l!.00611JIbHOCTb 11 BnOJIHe Y.l!.OBJIeTBOpl1TeJIbHOe KaqeCTBO nO.l!.3eMHMX BO.l!.
ceHoH-TypoHcKoro ropH30HTa n03BOJI5IIOT OTHeCTH era, Ha TeppHTopHH YKa-
3aHHblX paHoHoB, K ql1CJIY OCHOBHbIX BO.l!.OHOCHbIX rOp1130HTOB.


CeHOAf.aHCKUU. 80i)OHOCHblU. Zopu30Hm (Cr2cm)
3TOT BO.l!.OHOCHbIH ropH30HT pa3BHT B IOiKHOH nOJIOBHHe BCCP. rpa-
HHQbI pacnpocTpaHeHHH era B OCHOBHOM COBna.l!.aIOT C rpaHHQeH pacnpo-
CTpaHeHH5I ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO.l!.OHOCHOro ropH30HTa.
BO.l!.bI 3Toro ropH30HTa 3aKJIIOlleHbI B neCKax H cJIa60CQeMeHTHpoBaH-
HbIX neCllaHHKax ceHOMaHCKoro 51pyca, 3aJIeraIOr.u:HX no.l!. MepreJIbHO-
MeJIOBbIMl1 nopO.l!.aMH ceHOH-TypOHCKoro 51pyca HJIH HenOCpe.l!.CTBeHHO no.l!.
aT JIOiKeHHHMH lleTBepTHllHoro KOMnJIeKca. .ITHTOJIOrHqeCKH BO.l!.OBMer.u:aIOr.u:He
OTJIOlKeHl1H :,JToro rOp1130HTa BeCbMa HeO,'J,HopO.l!.HbI. Y ceBepHOll rpaHl1QbI
pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I OHH npe.l!.CTaBJIeHbI MeJIK03epHl1CTbIMH, qaCTO nbIJIeBaTO-
rJIHHl1CTbIMH neCKaMH, HHOr.l!.a cO.l!.epiKar.u:HMH B HHlKHeH CBoell qaCTH BKJIIO-
qeHHH rpaBH5I. Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe BO.l!.OBMer.u:aIOr.u:He nOpO.l!.bI CJIOiKeHbI Cpe.l!.He-
HJIH KpynHo3epHl1CTbIMH neCKaMH, peiKe CJIa60CQeMeHTHpOBaHHbIMH neClla-
HHKaMH. MeCTaMH (pallOH r. KaJIHHKOBHqH) BO.l!.OBMer.u:aIOr.u:He neCKH
3aMer.u:aIOTC5I neCllaHbIMH rJIHHaMH. Ha IOrO-3ana.l!.e paHOHa B COCTaBe




124


OIlHGAHHE 1l0,D.3EMHbIX BO,D.


Ta6J1Hua 19'
OCHoBHble rH)!.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe )!.aHHble no ceHoMaHcKoMy BO)!.OHocHOMy ropH30HTY


r"'y6I1Ha rJly61111a 3aJle- rJly611Ha JIe6I1T,
CKB. f M Mow:- 3a
'IeraHH5I
('IHc,m- raHH5I KpOBJ1H HOCTh Ilbe30"eTpH- J,t'JJttac
TeJlb) BOJtOHOCHoro qeCKOro (qIlCJlII- YJ\eJlb-
MeCTOH8XOm,lI,eUue ropH30HT8, M BOJI.O
 TeJlb) HbIH
CKBamHH a6c. OTM. HOCHoro ypOBHH, At J\e6IfT,
YCTbR ropl<- nOHH)K.
CKB.. .At OT no-I a6c. 30HT3, OT no-I ypOBHSI, M M 3 /QaC
a6c.
( 3l1aMeHa- BepXH. OTM. M BepXH. OTM, (3HaMeHa-
Te.
b) 3eMJm KpOBJlH 3eM.TJ.H Te,
b)
r. noc. ConoUKHH fpo,lJ.- 296,0 272,40 -122,90 24,00 +0,20 149,7 40,00 1,59
eHCKoro p-Ha, MTC 149,50 25,10
J],ep. I1H,lJ.ypa fp0,lJ.HeH- 287,40 258,30 -116,30 29,10 21,50 120,50 3,35 0,08
Koro p-Ha, MTC -142,0 41,00
fopoJJ. Ul,Y'JIIH llI,Y'JHH - 248,0 199,00 -62,00 29,00 13,00 124,00 19,00 0,34-
Koro p-Ha 137,0 55,00
fopo,lJ. BapaHOBII'IH Ba- 168,0 140,00 53,15 28,00 11,00 182,15 7,94 0,72
aHOBII'JCKoro p-Ha 193,15 11,00
r. noc. faHueBII'J1! J15I- 133,0 128,40 31,60 4,80 7,00 153,00 34,20 1,40
OBH'ICKorO p-Ha 160,0 24,20
fopo,lJ. ITpY)KaHbI ITpy- 188,0 183,00 -25,00 5,00 2,50 155,50 -
158,0 - -
aHCKoro p-Ha -
J], ep. CaMOllJlOBII'IH Be- 204,0 180,00 -35,00 24,00 12,00 133,00 33,50 0,93
e30BCKoro p-Ha, 1I3BeCT- 145,0 36,00
OBbIll 3aBO,lJ. N2 6
f OpO,lJ. BpecT BpecTcKo- 220,0 200,50 -64,50 19,00 10,50 129,00 100,00 28,00
o p-lIa, fpaeBcKlIii BO,lJ.O- 13b,0 3,50
a60p
rOpO,lJ. K06pllH K06p1lH- 186,00 171 ,00 -31,00 12,00 2,20 137,80 10,10 1,8D
Koro p-Ha 140,0 {3,0
f. noc. I1Bal\eBlI'IlI Be- 156,0 141,00 14,00 11,00 6,00 149,00 45,00 3,20
e30BCKoro p-Ha 150,0 14,00
fopo,lJ. ITIIHCK DIIHCKO- 114,0 88,00 26,00 9,00 3,00 131,00 19,80 0,99
o p-Ha 134,00 20,00
CT. fOpblHb CTO.'1I1HCKO- 80,0 67,70 72,30 11,80 11,50 124,50 19,80 5,60
o p-Ha 136,0 3,50
/K.-,lJ.. CT. Y pe'Jbe CJlYlI- 119,8 108,00 42,00 2,00 3,00 147,00 14,4 5,7
oro p-Ha -150,0 2W
Cox BBO J1106aHcKoro 135,0 104,00 37,00 29,20 3,00 138,00 4,29 0,14-
-Ha 141,0 28,00
rOpO,lJ. B06pyiicK B06- 108,0 76,00 83,00 12,00 3,70 155,30 17,50 1,30
YllcKoro p-Ha 159,0 13,30


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XAPAiJ(TEPHCTHI(A B(),lJ,OHOCHtJlX fOPH30HTOB


125


npO.l(OJIJKeHHe Ta6JI. 19


rny6HHa L.y6HHa 3aJIe- rJIy6HHa JIe6HT,
CKB., M MOI1\- 33JIeraHHSI
('!HeJIH- raHHSI KpOBJIH HOCTb nbe30MeTpH
 M. 3 /qac
TeJIb) BOJ\OHOCHoro ('!HeJlH- YJ\eJlb-
MeCTOHaXO>KlleHHe BO.n.O- qeCKoro
a6e. OTM. ropH30HTa, .At HOCHoro ypOBHg, M. Te.'b) HbU1
CKBa>KHH J\e6HT,
yeTbg ropH- nOHH)I{.
CKB.! M OT no-I a6e. 30HT3, OT no-I a6e. ypOBHSI, M M. 3 /Qac
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. M. BepXH. OTM. ( 3HaMeHa-
TeJIb) 3eMJI H KpOBJIH 3eMJIH TeJIb)
Cox «KllCeJIeBll'm» B06- 122,5 110,8 47,20. 6,60 25,50 132,5
158,0 -
PYHCKoro p-Ha
)I,ep. EJIH30BO B06PYH- 137,7 72,0 80,0 8,45 13,00 139,00 0,39
CKoro p-Ha 152,0
CoX «TeTepllHo» BeJIbI- 72,5 70,40 111,60 1,60 21,00 161,0
182,0 -
HllqCKOrO p-Ha
fopoJJ. MorrweB MOrlf- 76,80 44,25 115,47 9,10 15,10 144,2
159,72 -
JIeBCKOro p-Ha
LJ:ep. KOJJOC MOrHJIeB- 83,5 71,80 106,20 4,50 35,00 143,0
178,0 -
CKoro p-Ha, fpe6eHeBCKHll
Cox
LJ:ep. XOqllHKa BbIXOB- 92,95 71,70 84,30 21,25 4,35 151,6
156,0 -
CKoro p-Ha
fOPOA KOCTIOKOBllqll 89,0 81,90 84,10 7,10 9,80 156,2 61,50
!\OCTIOKOBllqCKOrO p-Ha 166,0
fOpOA POraqeB Pora- 154,80 95,45 45,55 8,15 3,48 137,52 2,30
qeBCKOro p-Ha 141,00
fOpOA )i(JJ06!fH )KJJO- 106,0 93,00 44,00 9,94 12,00 125,00 0,80
611HCKoro p-Ha 137,0
LJ:ep. CaJITaHOBKa Pe- 118,80 109,70 18,30 3,30 3,70 124,30
128,0 -
lll\Koro p-Ha
.-A. CT. OCTaHKOBHqH 198,3 181,35 -28,85 11,27 18,50 134,00
152,5 -
eTJJOrOpCKoro p-Ha
)i(.-JJ.. CT. KOCTIOKoBKa 255,72 191,60 -55,71 18,90 2,95 132,05 2,50
OMeJJbCKoro p-Ha 135,91
fopoJJ. fOMeJJb (ropBo- 241,25 208,08 -72,82 26,52 13,20 123,06 2,40
OI1POBOA) fOMeJIbCKOrO 136,26
-Ha
fOPOA HOBO-BeJIllu:a 258,35 230,58 -105,58 21,00 4,60 120,40 1,89
OMeJJbCKOro p-Ha 125,0


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126


OfIHCAHHE fIO,n:3EMHbIX BO,n:


BbIlllalOT 150-160 M II ,n:OCTlIraIOT MeCTaMII (r. BapaHOBlIqlI) 182,15. M
a6c. BbICOTbI. Ha 3ana,n: II IOrO-3ana,n: OHII CHII2KaIOTCSl ,n:o 120,0
(r. noc. HH,n:ypa) - 129,0 M (r. BpeCT), a Ha lOr II IOrO-BOCTOK-,n:O 124,0
(CT. rOpbIHb) - 123,0-120,0 M (ropo,n:a rOMeJIb II HOBO-BeJIIIII,a) Ha,n:
ypoBHeM MOpSl.
DpOII3Bo,n:IITeJIbHOCTb OT,n:eJIbHbIX CKBa2KIIH KuJIe6JIeTCSl B BeCbMa IlIff-
pOKIIX npe,ll,eJIax. Y ceBepHOH: rpaHIIIJ,bI pacnpOCTpaHeH!1H BO,n:OHOCHoro
roplI30HTa, r,ll,e BO,ll,OBMeIIl,alOIIl,lIe ero OTJI02KeHIIH CJI02KeHbI MeJIK03epl-:lI-
CTbIMII, MeCTaMII rJIIIHIICTbIMII neCKaMII, ,n:e61ITbI CKBa2KIIH He rrpeBbIlllalOT
4,25 (paH:OH r. MOrI-WeBa) - 7,02 M 3 Jt.tac (c-x «KIICeJIeBlIqII»). )J.aJIee Ha
lOr, R npe.rreJIax BeJIOPyccKoro rlI,n:poreOJIOrlJqeCKOrO MaCCIIBa, npoII3BO.lI.II-
TeJIbHOCTb OT,n:eJIbHbIX CKBa2KITH YBeJIITqlIBaeTCH .lI.O 12,3-14,4 M 3 jt.tac
C rrOHIT2KeHlIeM ypOBHH 2,5-31,3 M OT CTaTlIqeCKOrO II .lI.OCTlIraeT B OT,n:eJIb-
HbIX rrYHKTax (CT. faHIJ,eBlIqlI) 34,2 M 3 /t.tac nplI nOHII2KeHIIJT !Ibe30MeTpITqe-
IKoro ypOBHH Ha 24,2 M. Oc06eHHo BblCOKaH BO.lI.006fVlbHOCTb CKBa2KIIH,
IfCnOJIb3YIOIIl,ITX ceHoM8HcKHH BO,ll,OHOCHbIH: roplI30HT, Ha6JIIO,n:aeTcH B npe-
,lI,eJIax 3arra.lI.HbIX CKJIOHOB BeJIOPyccKoro rlI,n:poreOJIOrlIqeCKOrO MaCCIIBa,
BpeclcKoro 11 D plIrrSlTCK()T'O apTe3lIaHcKoro 6acceHHoB.
HalI60JIee Bo,n:006HJIbHbIMII B paHoHe DplInSlTcKoH Bna,n:IIHbI SlBJISlIOTCSJ
CKBa2KITHbI ropo,n:oB fOMeJISl II HOBO-BeJIIIIJ,bl. Do .lI.aHHbIM ropo,n:cKoro BO,n:O-
rrpoBo,n:a, ,n:e61ITbI OT,lI,eJIbHbIX 3KCnJIyaTaIJ,lIOHHbIX CKBa2KIIH .lI.OCTlIraIOT
94,3 M 3 j4ac nplI nOHII2KeHIIII YPOBHSl Ha 39,3 M OT CTaTlIueCKoro. Bo.rro-
06ITJIbHblMlI SlBJISlIOTCSl IT CKBa2KITHbI B paHOHe CT. KOCTIOKOBITqff, .lI.e6HTbI
KOTOpbIX ,lI,OCTlIraIOT 47 M 3 jt.tac II 60JIee nplI rrOHIT2KeHHII nbe30MeTplIqeCKOrO
ypOBHSl Ha 18,3 M.
flo,n:3eMHble BO,n:bI ceHOMaHCKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro roplI30HTa IIMelOT MaJ1YIO
MIIHepaJ11I3aIJ,1I1O (0,11-0,51 2//1.) II OTHOCSlTCSl K TlIrry rlI,n:poKapooHaTHo-
KaJ1bIJ,ITeBbIX ITJ11I rlI,n:pOKa p60HaTHo- KaJ1bIJ,lIeBo-HaTplIeBblx BO,n: t Ta6J1. 20).
I1cKJIlOqeHlIe npe.lI.CTaBJ1SlIOT J1lIlllb BO.lI.bI 6J11I3 30HbI TeKTOHHqeCKHX pa3J10-
MOB B npe,n:eJ1ax DpITrrSlTCKOll: Brra,n:IIHbI, r,n:e B pe3YJ1bTaTe pa3rpY3KlI
BbICOKOMlIHepaJIH30BaHHbIX XJ10pH,n:HO-HaTplIeBbIX BO,n: rraJIe030HCKlIX OTJ10-
2KeHI-IH: npOHcxo,n:ITT 060raIIl,eHlIe IIX COJISlMff XJIOpITCTOrO HaTplISl II rrepe-
XO,ll, B XJ10pIT,lI,HO-HaTplIeBbIH THn C MIIHepaJ11I3aIJ,lIeH: .lI.O 6-8 2//1. II 6oJ1ee
(.lI.OJ1IIHa p. DTlIqH).
C caHIITapHoH TOqKII 3peHlISl nO,ll,3eMHble BO,n:bI ceHOMaHCKoro BO,n:OHOC-
'f/()ro r01;JIT30HTa xapaKTepv-qYIOTCSl 6e3ynpeqHbIM KaqeCTBOM ,n:JH! X03Slll:-
CTBeHHO-nIITbeBOrO BO,ll,OCHa62KeHIISl. Ha TepplIToplI1I rOMeJ1bCKOH, B 102K-
HbIX paHoHax MOrITJ1eBCKOH 11 MIIHCKOH 06J1aCTeH, a TaK2Ke B ::1ana.lI.HbIX
pailoHax BpecTcKoH II rpO,n:HeHcKoH 06JIaCTeH nO,ll,3eMHble BO.lI.bI 3TOro
roplI30HTa IIrpalOT 60JIbillYlO pOJ1b B BO,ll,oCHa62KeHIIII HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHKTOB
II npOMbIlllJ1eHHbIX rrpe.anplIHTIIH 3TlIX 06J1aCTerr. 3HaqHTeJ1bHbIe pecypCbI H
BblCOKoe KaqeCTBO n0.lI.3eMHbIX BO,ll, ceHOMaHCKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro rOpIT30HTa
rr03B0J1SlIOT CqlITaTb ero Ha TeppffToplI1I YKa3aHHbIX paH:OHOB O,ll,HITM H3
HalI60JIee Ha.lI.e2KHbIX HCTOqHIIKOB BO,ll,oCHa62KeHIISl C KpynHbIM BO.lI.OrrOTpe6-
JIeHHeM.


'--


HUJlCHe.Me/lOBOU BOiJOHocHblU ZopU30Hm (Crt)


HII2KHeMeJIOBOH BO,n:OHOCHbIH: roplI30HT pacnpOCTpaHeH Ha TepplITopfflI
KparrHITX IOrO-BOCTOqHbIX paHoHoB BeJIOPyccHH. CeBepHaSl rpaHHIJ,a ero
pacrrpocTpaHeHIIH npoxo,n:IIT HeCKOJIbKO I02KHee r. KOCTIOKOBffqlI, ceBepHee
r. noc. KopMa, r. 1..JeqepCKa II r. noc. By,n:a-KollleJIeBO, I02KHee r. )KJI 06lIH a ,
ceBepHee r. noc. CBeTJIOrOPCKa, Qepe3 r. noc. 03ap1IQII, HeCKOJIbKO BOC'1'OU-
Hee rOpO,ll,OB M03blpSl IT EJIbCKa II ,n:aJIee Ha BOCTOK B,n:OJIb p. CJIOBeQHbI .lI.0
r. DpITnSlTH, ,r.lI.e oHa pe3KO nOBOpaQIIBaeT Ha lOr, npoxo.lI.Sl no JIeBOMY
6epery DplInSlTII ,n:o I02KHbIX rpaHHIJ, pecrry6JIIIKII.




XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BO,n:OfiOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


127


BO,lI,OBMelU,alOlU,HMH nOpO,n:aMH BO,n:OHOCHOrO KOMnJIeKCa 5IBJI5IlOTC5I
neCKH, CBeTJIO- H TeMHO-CepbIe, MeCTaMH nOtITH tIepHbIe, MeJIKO-, pe2Ke
Cpe,n:He3epHHCTbIe, KBapll,eBbIe, tIaCTO CJIlO,n:HCTbIe, lIHOr,lI,a rJIaYKOHHTOBbIe.
Cpe,n:H neCKOB BCTpetIalOTC5I npOCJIOH CJIa60Cll,eMeHTlipOBaHHbIX neCtIaHliKOB
1I rJIHH MOlU,HOCTblO ,n:o 1,5-3,0 M. CYMMapHa51 MOlU,HOCTb Bo,n:OBMelU,alOlU,HX
neCKOB KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 9,8 ,n:o 32,8 M. I13MeHeHHe MOlU,HOCTH Ha6JIlO,lI,aeTC5I
C ceBepa Ha lOr H C 3ana,n:a Ha BOCTOK, KOCH Me3030HCKOH Bna,n:HHbI, r,n:e
aHa ,n:OCTHraeT Ha1I6oJIbIIIHX 3HatIeHHH.
BO,lI,oynopoM HH2KHeMeJIOBOro BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 5IBJI5IlOTC5I He-
BbI,n:ep2KaHHbIe no nJIOlU,a,n:lI fJIHHbI HlI2KHerO MeJIa. T1epeKpbIBaeTC5I BO,n:O-
HOCHbIH ropH30HT TaK2Ke He Bcer,n:a BbI,n:ep2KaHHbIMli no npOCTHpaHlilO
rJIHHaMli anT-HeOKOMa. B p5l,n:e 2Ke MeCT (p-H r. rOMeJI5I H ,n:p.) Bo,n:OBMe-
lU,alOlU,He OTJI02KeHH5I HH2KHeMeJIOBOrO BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 3aJIeralOT
Henocpe,n:CTBeHHO no,n: BO,n:OHOCHbIMH neCKaMH ceHOMaHCKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro
ropH30HTa BepXHero MeJIa, tITO H 06YCJIOBJIHBaeT Me2K,n:y HHMH flI,n:paBJIlI-
tIeCKYlO CB5I3b. KpOBJI5I BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 3aJIeraeT Ha rJIy6HHax
OT 210 ,n:o 250 M 1I 6oJIee. T1orpY2KeHHe KpOBJIH Ha6JIlO,n:aeTC5I C ceBepa Ha
lOr H C 3ana,n:a Ha BOCTOK B CTOPOHY Me3030HcKOH Bna,n:lIHbI.
Ha paccMaTpHBaeMoH TeppliTopHH HH2KHeMeJIOBOH BO,n:OHOCHbIH KoM-
nJIeKC 6bIJI BCKpblT MHorHMlI nOHcKoBo-pa3Be,n:OtIHbIMH CKBa2KlIHaMlI, Ho Hli
B O,n:HOH H3 HHX He 6bIJI onp060BaH OTKatIKOH.
YtIHTblBa5l, tITO Bo,n:OBMelU,alOlU,He OTJI02KeHH5I npe,n:CTaBJIeHbI B OCHOB-
HaM MeJIK03epHHCTbIMH qaCTO rJIHHHCTbIMH neCKaMH He6oJ1b1l10H MOmHOCTH,
HH2KHeMeJIOBOH BO,n:OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC xapaKTepH3yeTC5I HeBbICOKOH BO,n:O-
06HJIbHOCTblO.
B ceBepHOH tIaCTH CBoero pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I no,n:3eMHbIe BO,n:bI HlI2KHe-
MeJIOBOrO BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa Haxo,n:5ITC5I B YCJIOBH5IX aKTHBHoro BO,n:O-
06MeHa C nOBepXHOCTblO H n03TOMY HMelOT MaJIYlO MliHepaJIH3all,HlO H
OTHOC5ITC5I K THny rH,n:pOKap6oHaTHO-KaJIbll,lIeBbIX BO,n:. B lO2KHOM HanpaB-
JIeHHH, r,n:e YCJIOBH5I Bo,n:006MeHa BCJIe,n:CTBlie norpY2KeH1I5I BO,n:OHOCHoro
KOMnJIeKCa Ha 60JIbillYlO rJIy6HHY 3aTpy,n:HeHbI, no,n:3eMHbIe BO,n:bI MorYT
HMeTb nOBbIllleHHYlO MliHepaJIH3all,HlO.
EOJIbllla51 rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 1I OTHOCHTeJIbHO
MaJIa51 ero Bo,n:006HJIbHOCTb CHH2KalOT npaKTHtIeCKOe 3HatIeHlIe no,n:3eMHbIX
BO,n: 3Toro BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa KaK B03M02KHOro lICTOtIHlIKa Bo,n:OCHa6-
2KeHH5I.


BepXHe-u cpeiJHelOpcKUU BOiJOHOCHblU KO.Mn.lleKC (J 3 + 2 )
OTJI02KeH1I5I lOpCKoro B03paCTa pacnpOCTpaHeHbI Ha 3ana,n:e ECCP,
B npe,n:eJIax 3ana,n:HOH tIaCTli EeJIOpYCCKoro rH,n:poreOJIOfHtIeCKOrO MaCCliBa
1I EpeCTCKoro apTe31IaHCKoro 6acceHHa, 3aHHMa51 OTHOClITeJIbHO He60JIbillYlO
nJIOlU,a,n:b 3ana,n:HbIX paHOHOB rpO,n:HeHCKOH 1I EpeCTCKOH 06JIaCTeH 1I Ha
lOrO-BOCTOKe EeJIOPYCClIH, r,n:e OHli HMelOT 60JIee IIIHpOKoe pa3BHTI-Ie, OCO-
6eHHO Ha TeppHTopHH T1pHn5lTCKOrO H 3ana,n:HOH tIaCTli T10,n:MOCKOBHoro
apTe3HaHCKHX 6acceIIHOB, OXBaTbIBalOlU,HX lOrO-BOCTOtIHbIe paHOHbI Morn-
JIeBCKOH H TeppHTopHlO rOMeJIbCKOH 06JIaCTeH. Bo,n:oco,n:ep2KalU,lIMli nopo-
,n:aMH lOpCKHX OTJI02KeHlIH 5IBJI5IlOTC5I TpelU,lIHOBaTbIe, MeCTaMH KaBepH03HbIe
pa3HOCTH H3BeCTH5IKOB, CJIa60Cll,eMeHTHpOBaHHbIe neCtIaHliKH H cpe,n:He-
H MeJIK03epHHCTbIe, Hepe,n:KO rJIHHlICTbIe neCKlI, 3aJIeralOlU,He B HlI2KHeH
tIaCTH pa3pe3a HJIH B TOJIlU,e rJIliH B BH,n:e MaJIOMOmHbIX npOCJIOeB.
B 3ana,n:HOH tIaCTli EeJIOpYCCKoro flI,n:poreOJIOflItIeCKOrO MaCCliBa 1I
EpeCTCKoro apTe3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa no,n:3eMHbIe BO,n:bI lOpCKliX OTJI02KeHHH
co,n:ep2KaTC5I B TpelU,HHOBaTbIX H KaBepH03HbIX 1I3BeCTH5IKaX H MepreJI5IX
KeJIJIOBeHCKoro H OKC<pop,n:CKoro 5IPYCOB BepXHeii lOPbI, a TaK2Ke B neCtIa-
HHKax H neCKax 6aTCKoro 1I 6aHOCCKoro 5IpYCOB cpe,n:Hero OT,n:eJIa, 06pa3Y51




130


onHCAHHE nOLl3EMHblX BOLl


MOllI.HbIH H ,n:OBOJIbHO Bo,n:006HJIbHbIH BO,n:OHOCHbIII rOpH30HT HanOpHbIX BO,n:.
MOllI.HOCTb BO,n:OHOCHOro rOpH30HTa BapbHpyeT B IlIHpOKHX npe,n:eJIax.
B ,n:ep. fpHlI,KH BOJIKOBbICKOrO paHOHa OHa He npeBblwaeT 13,6 .M, B r. K06-
pl1He - ) 4,25 .M. B 3ana.Il.HOM HanpaBJleHHH MOllI.HOCTb BO,n:OHOCHoro rop!1-
30HTa pe3Ko B03paCTaeT. B ,n:ep. JIocoCHo oHa COCTaBJIHeT 36,0 .11,
B r. fpO,n:HO npeBblwaeT 44,0 .M, B r. opecTe - 62,0 .M, a B ,n:ep. JIenJIeBKe,
pacnOJIO)KeHHOH K lOry OT opecTa, ,n:OCTHraeT 60JIee 86,0 At.
HH)KHHM BO.Il.oynopoM BepXHe- H cpe,n:HelOpCKoro BO.Il.OHOCHoro KOM-
nJIeKCa HBJIHIOTCH He Bcer,n:a BbI,n:ep)KaHHble no nJIOill,a,n:H rJ1HHbl 6aTCKoro
Rpyca cpe.Il.HeH: IOpbI HJIH TpHaca, 3JIIOBHH KOpbI BbIBeTpHBaHH5! HJlH nJIOT-
HbIe 3eJIeHOBaTo-cepbIe MepreJIH CHJIypa. B r. K06pHHe H B HeKOTopblX
.Il.pyrHx nYHKTax Bo,n:OBMellI.alOllI.He nopo,n:bI BepXHe- H cpe,n:HelOpCKoro ropI1-
30HTa 3aJIeraIOT Henocpe,n:CTBeHHO Ha BO,n:OHOCHbIX neCl/aHHKaX cpe.Il.HerO
KeM6pH5!.
BO,n:bI BepXHe- H cpe,n:HelOpCKoro BO.Il.OHOCHoro KoMnJleKCa 06JlaRaIOT
3HalJHTeJlbHbIM HanopOM, nO.Il.HHMa5!Cb Ha 17) ,0-275,0 .M Ha,n: KpOBJIeH
nJIaCTa. T1be30MeTpHl/eCKHe ypOBHH Haxo,n:5!TC5! Ha OTMeTKax ) 12,8-130,7 .M
a6c. BbICOTbI B paHoHe r. fpO,n:HO, 158,3 .M B ,n:ep. fpHlI,KH BOJIKOBbICKoro
paHoHa H 132-137,0 .M B paHoHe r. opecTa. B6JlH3H r. fpORHO B npa-
,n:OJlHHe HeMaHa IOpcKHe BO.Il.bI ,n:aIOT CaMOH3JlHBalOllI.YIOC5! BO,n:y, nORHI1-
MaHCb ,l1,0 20,8 .11 Bblwe nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH (Rep. JIocoCHO).
Ha TeppHTopHH 3ana,n:HbIx paHoHoB fpo,n:HeHCKoH H opeCTCKoH o6na-
CTeH BepxHe- H Cpe.Il.HelOpCKHH: BORoHOCHblH KOMnJIeKC BCKpbIT H HcnO,1b-
3yeTC5! MHOrHMH 6ypOBbIMH CKBa)KHHaMH. OCHoBHble rH.Il.poreoJIOrnl/eCKHe
,l1,aHHble no CKBa)KHHaM, BCKpblBWHM H 3KCnJIyaTHpYIOllI.HM 3TOT BOROHOC-
HbIH: KOMnJIeKC, CBe,n:eHbI B Ta6JI. 21.
KaK BHRHO H3 Ta6JlHlI,bI, BblCOKoe nOJIO)KeHHe BepxHe- H cpe,n:HeIOpCKI1H:
ropH30HT 33HHMaeT B paH:OHe r. Ko6pHHa (a6c. OTM. 34,75 .11 HH)Ke ypOBH5!
MOp5!) H Rep. Cy6al/H BOJIKOBbICKoro paHoHa (a6c. OTM. 31,0 .M HH)Ke
ypOBH5! MOp5!). Ha 3anaR OT r. Ko6plwa H ceBepo-3ana,n: OT ,n:ep. Cy6al/H
KpOBJl5! BORoHOCHoro ropH30HTa pe3Ko norpY)KaeTC5!, CHH)Ka5!Cb ,n:o 102 .M
B r. opeCTe H 145-155 .M HH)Ke ypOBH5! MOp5! B paH:OHe r. fpo.Il.Ho.
T1pOH3Bo,l1,HTeJlbHOCTb OT ,n:eJIbHbIX CKBa)KHH, 3KCnJIyaTHpYIOllI.HX no,n:3eM-
Hble BO,n:bI BepxHe- H cpe,n:HeIOpCKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro ropH30HTa, KOJIe6JIeTC5!
B WHpOKHX npe,n:eJI ax.
OJIH3 BOCTOl/HOH: rpaHHlI,bI pacnpocTpaHeHH5! BOROHOCHoro KOMnJleKca
,n:e6HTbl CKBa)KHH He npeBblwalOT 18,0 (,n:ep. KaMeHKa) - 23,8 .M 3 fttac
(,l1,ep. Cy6al/H). B 3ana,l1,HOM HanpaBJleHHH npOH3BO.Il.HTeJIbHOCTb OTJI,eJIb-
HbIX CKBa)KHH YBeJIHl/HBaeTCH, l/TO 06'b5!CH5!eTC5! H3MeHeHHeM MOllI.HOCTH
H3BeCTHHKOB H neCl/aHHKOB. Oco6eHHo BbICOKOH: BORoo6HJlbHOCTblO BOJI,OHOC-
HbIH ropH30HT IOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH: xap3KTepH3yeTC5! B paH:OHe r. fP0JI,HO.
B l1ep. JIOCOCHO, pacnOJIO)KeHHOH: Ha nepBOH: HaJI,TIOH:MeHHOH Teppace
p. HeM aHa, CKBa)KHHa ,n:aBaJIa caMOH3JIHBOM JI,O 78 .M 3 /l£ac. CKBa)KHHbl
r. fpoAHO, rrOJIYlJaIOllI,He BOJI,y I13 BepxHe- H Cpe.Il.HelOpCKoro BO.Il.OHOCHoro
KOMnJIeKca, HMelOT JI,e6HTbl .Il.O 80-100 .M 3 /ttac, C nOHH)KeHHeM nbe30MeTplf-
lJeCKoro ypOBH5! Ha 8,0-10,7 .M, T. e. y,n:eJIbHble JI,e6HTbI JI,OCTHraIOT 3JI,eCb
9,3-10,OM 3 /ttac. BbICOKHH yJI,eJIbHblH JI,e6HT (10,8 .M 3 /l{ac) nOJIYl/eH H CKBa-
lKHHOll caxapHoro 3aBORa B pafwHe r. /Ka6HHKH, a TaK)Ke B palloHe
r. KaMeHelI" rRe OH .Il.OCTHraJI 54 .M 3 /ttac npH nOHHlKeHHH ypOBH5! Ha 1,0 M.
B r. opeCTe CKBa)KHHa ropoJI,CKoro BOJI,03a6opa, BCKpbIBWa5! 06JIOMOl/Hble
H3BeCTH5!KH H Kap60HaTHble neCl/aHHKH, HMeeT JI,e6HT 23,0 M 3 /ttac C nOHI1-
)KeHHeM ypOBH5! Ha 21,0 M OT CTaTHl/eCKoro, T. e. YJI,eJlbHblll JI,e6HT He npe-
BbIwaeT I, I M 3 (ttac.
B 3anaRHoll l/aCTH T10JI,MOCKOBHoro apTe3HaHcKoro 6acceHHa H Ha
BOCTOKe BeJIOpyccKoro rH,l1,poreOJIOrHl/eCKOrO MaCCHBa IOpcKHe OTJlO)KeHHH
CJIOlKeHbI rrpeHMYllI.eCTBeHHo r JIHHaMH CpeJI,He- H HH)KHeKeJIJlOBeHcKoro




XAPAJKTEiPHCTHKA BNJ,OHOCHblX r
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r


r.1y6nna Dly6nna 3aM- r.'y6nna .Ile6nT,
MolIJ.- 38.7JeraHHH
CKB., ..U: raHH5I KpOBJut HOCTb nbe30MeTpH- Ma/'we
('1HCnH- BOAOHOCHOro qeCKorQ ('1HCnn- Ylle.lb-
MeCT3n3XO>KJlenne Te.lb) ropH30HT3) .M BOIlO- TeJlb) HblH
CKB
)j{nn HOCHora ypOBH5I, .M .1{e6HT,
aGc. OTM. 110HH)f{.
YCibSl, M OT no- j aGc. ropn- ypOBHH, .M- .\t'/qae
30liTa, OT no-! aGc.
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. M BepXH. OTM. (3naMeHa-
Tenb) 3eMJUf. KpOBJIH aeMJII1 TeJlb)
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fopoJJ. fpOJJ.HO fpoJJ.- 340,0 285,0 -145,0 44,0 9,3 130,70 100,0 9,34-
HeHCKoro paiioHa 140,0 lO,7
LJ:ep. J1ococHa fpoJJ.- 324,15 247,20 -155,2 39,0 +20,8 II 2,8 78,0 3,7
HeHCKoro p-Ha 92,0 20,8
LJ:ep. KaMeHKa fpoJJ.- 300,0 260,0 -125,0 34,0 15,0 120,0 18,0 1,8
HeHCKoro p-Ha 135 10,0
LJ:ep. rpHl\KH BOJIKOBbI- 318,0 244,8 -59,8 13,60 27,6 158,3 22,0 3,77
CKoro p-Ha 185 ;0 5]3
LJ:ep. Cy6a'JH BOJiKOBbl- 253,0 241,0 -31,0 > 12,0 11,0 199,0 23,8 0,91
CKoro p-Ha 210,0 25,0
ropoJJ. KaMeHel\ 13 peCT- 280,0 230,0 50,0 19,0 54,0 54,0
- ""TO
CKoii 06JI.
fopo.n; 13 peCT I3pecTcKo- 300,0 237,0 -102,3 62,7 3,0 132,0 23,0 1,1
0 p-Ha 135,0 '"' 2T;O
fopo.n; )Ka611HKa K06- 245,0 205,0 -66,0 40,0 6,15 132,85 45,0 10,8
pllHCKoro p-Ha 139,0 4J5
..
ropoJJ. K06pIIH K06p1lH- 189,0 174,75 -34,75 14,25 3,0 137,0
140,0 - -
Koro p-Ha (nHB3aBoJJ.)
Cox «3 aMOIllbe» CJIYl\- 126,7 112,40 59,6 11,11 20,0 152,0 7,92 0,79
oro p-Ha 172,0 1D,O
rOpO.ll. 4epHKoB Kpac- 141,0 136,0 23,7 4,7 22,35 137,65 6,52
160,0 -
OnOJIbCKOrO p-Ha HeT CBeJJ..
fOPOA Pe'JlIl\a Pe'JIIl\- 217,0 150,0 -29,0 12,0 0,00 121,0 36,0 1,5
oro p-Ha 121,0 24,0
fop 0)( fOMeJIb fOMeJIb- 428,0 259,5 -130,38 46,0 3,95 125,17 18,30 0,78.
Koro p-Ha 129,12 23,35


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132


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nO,lJ,'bHpYCOB MOIll,HOCTbIO OT 12,0 ,lJ.0 85,0 At (r. KOCTIOKOBI-I'm). BO,lJ.oco,lJ.ep-
)/{aIll,!Ie neCK!I B' pa3 pe3e .3T!IX OTJIO:/KeH!IH OTCYTCTByIOT Ha YKa3aHHoH Tep-
p!ITOp!I!I !IJI!I BCTpe'laIOTCH B B!I,lJ.e MaJIOMOIll,HbIX npOCJIOeB, COCTaBJIHIOIlI,!IX
O'leHb He60JIbillOH rrpoll,eHT B 06Il1,eM pa3pe3e IOpCKOH TOJIIlI,!I. TIO.3TOMY
IOpCK!Ie OTJIOJKeH!IH Ha paCCMaTp!IBaeMOH Tepp!ITOp!I!I HBJIHIOTCH npaKT!I-
'leCK!I 6e3BO,lJ.HbIM!I. MOIll,Hble TOJIIlI,!I rJI!IH Cpe,lJ.He- !I H!IJKHeKeJIJIOBeHCKoro
rro,lJ.'bHpYCOB Ha BceH .3TOH nJIOIll,a,lJ.!I !IrpaIOT pOJIb ,lJ.OCTaTO'lHO BbI,lJ.epJKaH-
HorO BO,lJ.oyrropa, pa3,lJ.eJIHIOIlI,erO rrO,lJ.3eMHble BO,lJ.bI Me3030HCK!IX !I rraJIeo-
30HCK!IX OT JIOJKeH!IH:.
Ha Tepp!ITOp!I!I TI p!IrrHTCKOro apTe3!IaHCKOro 6acceHHa !I IOJKHOrO
CK.TJOHa BeJIOpyccKoro rH,lJ.poreOJIOrH'-IeCKOro MaCC!IBa IOpCK!Ie OTJIOJKeH!IH
npe,lJ.cTaBJIeHbI rreCTpbIM KOMrrJIeKCOM nopo,lJ., B COCTaBe KOTOpbIX A. C. Max-
Ha'l (1957) BbI,lJ.eJIHeT ,lJ.Be JI!ITOJIOrrr'leCK!I pa3JI!I'lHble TOJIIlI,!I: H!IJKHIOIO-
neC'laHO-r JI!IH!ICTYIO !I BepxHIOIO !I3BeCTHHKoBo-MepreJI!ICTYIO. TIeC'laHO-
r JI!IH!ICTaH TOJIIlI,a MOIll,HOCTbIO OT 6-8 ,lJ.0 100 At (M!ITHH!IHa, 1959), KaK
!I B 3arra,lJ.HOH 'laCT!I TIO,lJ.MOcKOBHoro apTe3!IaHCKOro 6acceHHa, CJIOJKeHa
B OCHOBHOM, rJI!IHaM!I C rrpOCJIOHM!I rreCKOB !I cJIa60Cll,eMeHT!IpOBaHHblx
rreC'laH!IKOB. ¥I3BecTHHKoBo-MepreJI!ICTaH TOJIIlI,a MOIll,HOCTbIO OT HeCKOJIb-
K!IX MeTpoB ,lJ.0 140 At (M!ITHH!IHa, 1959) !IMeeT MeHee lll!IpOKOe pacrrpo-
cTpaHeH!Ie Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe BeJIopycc!I!I II CJIOJKeHa !I3BeCTHHKaM!I !I Mep-
reJIHM!I, C rrO,lJ.'l!IHeHHbIM!I rrpOCJIOHM!I rreCKOB !I rreC'laH!IKOB B BepxHeH
'laCT!I pa3pe3a. BO,lJ.OBMeIll,aIOIlI,!IM!I rrOpO,lJ.aM!I 3TOH TOJIIlI,!I HBJIHIOTCH
TpeIll,!IHOBaTble pa3HOCT!I rreC'laH!IKOB !I MeJIKO-, Cpe,lJ.He3epH!ICTble neCKH.
MOIll,HOCTb BO,lJ.OBMeIll,aIOIlI,!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH KOJIe6JIeTCH B lll!IpOK!IX npe,lJ.eJIax,
HO B !I3MeHeH!I!I ee He Ha6JIIO,lJ.aeTCH TOH 3aKOHOMepHOCT!I, C KOTOpOH CBH-
3aHO !I3MeHeH!Ie 06Il1,eH MOIll,HOCT!I IOpCK!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH, 06YCJIOBJIeHHOe
reOCTpYKTypHbIM!I oc06eHHOCTHM!I paHOHa. Pe3K!Ie KOJIe6aH!IH MOIll,HOCT!I
BO,lJ.OBMeIll,aIOIlI,!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH BbI3bIBaIOTCH <pall,!IaJIbHbIM!I !I3MeHeH!IHMI-I
IOpCK!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH, B pe3yJIbTaTe KOTOpbIX BO,lJ.OBMeIll,aIOIlI,!Ie OTJIOJKeH!IH
Hepe,lJ.KO YMeHblllaIOTCH B MOIll,HOCT!I !IJI!I BOBce BbIKJI!IH!IBaIOTCH, 3aMe-
IlI,aHCb r JI!IHaM!I.
BCJIe,lJ.CTB!Ie 'laCTOrO BbIKJI!IH!IBaH!IH BO,lJ.OHOCHbIX rrpOCJIOeB OH!I He
06pa3YIOT CKOJIbKO-H!I6Y,lJ.b BbI,lJ.epJKaHHOrO rro rrpOCT!IpaH!IIO BO,lJ.OHOCHoro
rOp!I30HTa. B rrpe,lJ.eJIax TIp!InHTCKOro apTe3!IaHCKOro 6acceHHa !I Ha IOre
BeJlopyccKoro r!I,lJ.poreOJIOr!I'leCKoro MaCC!IBa nO,lJ.3eMHble BO,lJ.bI, 3aKJIIO'leH-
Hble B pa3JI!I'lHbIX CTpaT!Irpa<p!I'leCK!IX rOp!I30HTaX IOpCK!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH,
!IMeIOT crropa,lJ.!I'leCKOe pacrrpoCTpaHeH!Ie !I B OTJI!I'l!Ie aT 3arra,lJ.HbIX paHOHOB
BO,lJ.OCO,lJ.epJKaIll,!Ie rropO,lJ.bI xapaKTep!I3yIOTCH 3Ha'l!ITeJIbHO MeHbilleH BO,lJ.O-
06!IJIbHOCTbIO.
B IOrO-BOCTO'lHbIX paHOHax BCCP nO,lJ.3eMHble BO,lJ.bI IOpCK!IX OTJIOJKe-
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Hble rro .3T!IM CKBaJK!IHaM CBe,lJ.eHbI B Ta6JI. 21.
KaK B!I,lJ.HO !I3 ,lJ.aHHbIX Ta6JI!Ill,bI, ,lJ.e6 !IT bI CKBaJK!IH KOJIe6JIIOTCH OT 6,5
,lJ.0 36 At 3 (ttac, C rrOH!IJKeH!IeM rrbe30MeTp!I'leCKOrO ypOBHH OT 10 ,lJ.0 24,0 At,
T. e. y,lJ.eJIbHble ,lJ.e6!ITbI He rrpeBbIlllaIOT 0,78-1,5 At 3 (ttac.
TI!ITaHHe nO,lJ.3eMHbIX BO,lJ. BepxHe- !I Cpe,lJ.HeIOpCKoro BO,lJ.OHOCHoro
KOMrrJIeKCa rrpo!ICxO,lJ.!IT B rrpe,lJ.eJIax BeJIOpyccKoro rrr,lJ.poreoJIOr!I'leCKoro
MaCC!IBa rrYTeM rrepeTeKaH!IH rrO,lJ.3eMHbIX BO,lJ. !I3 BbIllleJIeJKaIll,!IX BO,lJ.OHOC-
HbIX rOp!I30HTOB BepXHero MeJia, HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIX!I 'leTBepT!I'lHbIX
OT JIOJKeH!IH.
3aJIeraH H!IJKe ype3a peK, HO B 30He !IHTeHC!IBHoro BO,lJ.006MeHa, rro,lJ.-
3eMHble BO,lJ.bI IOpCK!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH !IMeIOT MaJIYIO M!IHepaJI!I3all,!IIO C rrJIOT-
HbIM OCTaTKOM 0,21-0,37 2//1. (Ta6JI. 22). ¥ICKJIIO'leH!Ie rrpe,lJ.CTaBJIHIOT JI!Illlb
rrO,lJ.3eMHble BO,lJ.bI paHoHoB ropO,lJ.oB Pe'l!Ill,bI, rOMeJIH !I ,lJ.pyrrrx, r,lJ.e M!IHe-
paJI!I3all,!IH rrO,lJ.3eMHbIX BO,lJ. COCTaBJIHeT 0,49-0,58 2(/1.. B MeCTax rJIy60Koro
norpYJKeH!IH IOpCK!IX OTJIOJKeH!IH, KaK Harrp!IMep, B BOCTO'lHOH 'laCT!I TIp!I-




XAPAKTEPHCTHKA BO,L\OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


133


n5ITCKOro apTe3IIaHCKOrO 6acceflHa, me !OpCKIIe OTJI02KeHII5I norpY2Ka!OTC5I
Ha rJIy6IIHY ,L\O 320 M II 60JIee, nO,L\3eMHble BO,L\bl MorYT IIMeTb 60JIee BbICO-
KY!O MIIHepaJIII3aIJ,II!O.
fIo XIIMlI'IeCKoMY cocTaBY BO,L\bl !OpCKIIX OTJI02KeHIIH B npe,L\eJIax EpeCT-
CKoro apTe3IIaHCKoro 6acceHHa, 3ana,L\HOH 'laCTII EeJIOPYCCKoro rII,L\pOreO-
.TlOrlI'leCKOro MaCCIIBa II Ha 60JIbilleH nJIOlll,a,L\II fIpIIn5ITCKOrO apTe311aH-
CKoro 6acceHHa OTHOC5ITC5I K TIIny rII,L\pOKap60HaTHO-KaJIbIJ,IIeBbIX BO,L\.
B paHOHe r. Pe'lIIIJ,bl OHII IIMe!OT 'leTKO Bblpa2KeHHble 'lepTbl rII,L\poKap60-
HaTHO-XJIOpII,L\HO-HaTpIIeBO-KaJIbIJ,IIeBbIX BO,L\. KaK B paHOHe r. Pe'lIIIJ,bl, TaK
II B paHoHe r. rOMeJI5I B <pOpMllpOBaHIIII XIIMII'leCKOrO COCTaBa nO,L\3eMHblx
BO,L\ 3Toro ropH30HTa 60JIblllY!O pOJIb IIrpaeT nO,L\ToK BbICoKoMIIHepaJIII30-
BaHHblX BO,L\ TpIIaca II HII2KeJIe2Kalll,IIX ropII30HTOB naJIe030HCKIIX OTJ10-
2KeHIIll:.
B 6aKTepIIOJIOrH'leCKOM OTHOllleHIIII BO,L\bl !OpCKoro BO,L\OHOCHOro KOM-
nJIeKca xopollllIe. 06lll,a5I 2KeCTKOCTb He npeBbllllaeT 5,56-6,28 M2. 3KS.
B 3ana,L\HblX paHoHax EpecTcKoH II rpO,L\HeHCKOH 06JIaCTeH n 0,L\3 eM Hble
BO,L\bl !OpCKIIX OTJI02KeHIIH IIrpa!OT 60JIblllY!O pOJIb B BO,L\HOM X035IHCTBe 3TOH
TeppllToplIlI. 3Ha'lIITeJIbHble pecypCbl nO,L\3eMHbIX BO,L\ II xopOlllee IIX Ka'-Ie-
CTBO n03BOJI5I!OT C'lIITaTb BepXHe- II Cpe,L\He!OpCKIIll BO,L\OHOCHWH KOMnJIeKC
O,L\HIIM II3 HaH60JIee Ha,L\e2KHbIX IICTO'lHIIKOB X035IHCTBeHHo-nIITbeBoro BO,L\O-
cHa62KeHH5I.
HII3Ka5I BO,L\006HJIbHOCTb !OpCKHX OTJI02KeHIIH B !OrO-BOCTO'-IHbIX paHO-
Hax EeJIOPYCCIIII II HeBbl,L\ep2KaHHOCTb nO,L\3eMHbIX BO,L\ no npOCTIIpaHII!O
CHII2KaeT IIX pOJIb II 3Ha'leHIIe KaK B03M02KHOrO IICTO'lHIIKa X035IllCTBeIUIO-
lllITbeBOrO BO,L\OCHa 62KeHII5I Ha 3TOH TeppIITopIIII.


TpuacoBblU BOiJOHOCHblU KO.Mn./leKC (T)
OTJI02KeHII5I TpIIaca Ha TeppIITopHII EeJIOPYCCIIII pacnpOCTpaHeHbl
B fIpIIn5ITCKOH II EpeCTCKOH Bna,L\IIHaX, r,L\e OHII 3aHIIMa!OT OTHOCIITeJIbHO
He60JIblllY!O nJIOlll,a,L\b. B pa3pe3e TpIIaCOBblX OTJI02KeHIIH B. K. rOJIy6IJ,OB
(1958, 1960), 3. M. HeBMep2KIIIJ,Ka5I (1958, 1963) II ,L\Pyme Bbl,L\eJI5I!OT
TPII JIIITOJIOrII'-IeCKII pa3JIII'lHble TOJIlll,II: BepxH!O!O - rJIIIHIIcTY!O, Cpe,L\H!O!O-
neC'laHO-rJIIIHIIcTY!O H HII2KH!O!O - rJIIIHIICTO-Kap60HaTHY!O.
BepXH5I5I TOJIlll,a CJI02KeHa neCTpOIJ,BeTHblMII nJIOTHblMII r JIIIHaMII MOlll,-
HOCTb!O OT 2 ,L\O 53 M. Cpe,L\H5I5I - npe,L\CTaBJIeHa neCTpOIJ,BeTHblMII rJIIIHaMH
C nO,L\'lIIHeHHbIMII npOCJI05IMII neCKOB II cJIa60CIJ,eMeHTIIpoBaHHblx neC'laHH-
KOB MOlll,HOCTb!O OT 13 ,L\O 100 M. HII2KH5I5I, rJIHHIICTO-Kap60HaTHa5I, TOJIlll,a
CJI02KeHa rJIaBHblM 06pa30M Kap60HaTHblMH nJIOTHblMII rJIIIHaMII, Hepe,L\KO
rrepeXO,L\5Illl,IIMll B MepreJIII. B TOJIlll,e MepreJIHCTblX rJIIIH IIHOr,L\a BCTpe-
'la!OTC5I npOCJIOII neCKOB II cJIa60CIJ,eMeHTIIpoBaHHblx neC'laHIIKOB. Molll,-
HOCTb 3TOH TOJIlll,II BapbIIpyeT OT 17 ,L\O 300 M. -
TpIIacoBble OTJI02KeHII5I, npe,L\CTaBJIeHHble B OCHOBHOM rJIIIHaMII, 5IBJI5I-
!OTC5I npaKTII'leCKII 6e3BO,L\HbIMII. Ha TeppIITopIIII fIpIIn5ITCKOrO apTe3IIaH-
CKoro 6acceHHa OHII IIrpa!OT pOJfb perIIOHaJIbHOro BO,L\oynopa, pa3,L\eJI5I!O-
lll,ero nO,L\3eMHble BO,L\bl Me3030HcKHX II naJIe030HCKIIX OTJI02KeHIIH.
B OT,L\eJIbHbIX nYHKTax fIpIIn5ITCKOrO apTe3IIaHcKoro 6aCCell:Ha B pa3-
pe3e TpIIacoBblx OTJI02KeHIIH 6blJIII BCTpe'leHbl MaJIOMOlll,Hble II CJIa60BO,L\0-
06IIJIbHble BO,L\OHOCHble npOCJIOH HeBbl,L\ep2KaHHOrO pacnpoCTpaHeHII5I. fIo,L\-
3eMHble BO,L\bl TpIIacoBblx OTJI02KeHIIH 6blJIII onp060BaHbl TOJIbKO B O,L\HOH
nOIIcKoBo-pa3Be,L\0'lHOH CKBa2KIIHe B paHoHe ,L\ep. fIpY,L\OK (CKB. 18). fIo
,L\aHHbIM M. A. raTaJIbCKOrO (1963), onp060BaHIIe BO,L\OHOCHOro ropII30HTa
B 3TOH CKBa2KIIHe npOII3BO,L\IIJIOCb Ha rJIy6IIHax 539-543 II 551-556 M.
o nbe30MeTpII'leCKIIX ypOBH5IX, BCKpbITblX BO,L\OHOCHbIX npOCJIOeB, CBe,L\eHII5I
OTCYTCTBY!OT. fIpIITOKII BO,L\bl OKa3aJIIICb HII'-IT02KHo MaJIbIMII. B IIHTepBaJIe
rJIy6IIH 539-543 M OH COCTaBJI5IJI Bcero JIIIlllb 0,7 M 3 JttaC, ,L\IIHaMIIqeCKIIH




136


onHCAHHE nO)J.3EMHbIX BO)J.


T a 6 .ij H U. a 23
XHMHQeCKHH COCTaR nO
3eMHMX BO
 TpHaCOBoro BO
OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa
(no
aHHblM M. A. faTaJIbCKOrO, 1963)


.ilep. DpYJ10K, eKB. 18 M03bIpeKoro p-Ma
(539-543 M) * M2.aK8 % I -
ConaB BD)lbI (551-556 M)
MZ{A I M2.3K8 I MZ(A I Mz.aK8 I .Mz.aKB %
KaTHOHbI
Na++K+ 10988,0 477,75 96,13 12750.0 555,55 95,27
Mg2+ 31,0 2,51 0,51 204,0 16,8 2,88
Ca2+ 334,8 16,71 3,36 217,0 10,83 1,85

K - 496,97 100,0 - 583,18 100,0
AHHOHbI
.
Cl- 17 423,0 490,8 98,76 20309,0 572, 10 98.11
SO 4 2 - 248,0 5,17 1,04 262,0 5,46 0,94
HC0 3 - 61,0 1,0 0,20 195,0 3,20 0,54
C0 3 2- - - - 73,0 2,40 0,41

A - 496,97 100,0 - 583,16 100,0
Br HeT HeT
J- HeT HeT
NH 4 + 1,0 1,0
Sr 2 + - -
MIIHepaJIH3al\H5I, <'-/A 29,05 33,91
pH 6,4 7,0
M Z9 ,o CI99 M 34 ,O C198
Na 96 Na 95


* B cK06Kax AaHa rJIy6HHa onp060BaHHH BOAM.


6accei'ma nepMCKl1e OTJ10:IKeHII5I npe)J.cTaBJ1eHbI B OCHOBHOM Kap60HaTHOH
TOJIll1,eH, CJIO:IKeHHOH 1I3BeCTHHKaMII, KOHf JIOMepaTaMII II BTOpl1I-IHbIMII .LLOJIO-
MI1TaMII C npOCJIOHMII fJIIIH 11 pe:IKe neCKOB.
BO.LLOBMell1,alOll1,IIMII rropO.LLaMII HBJIHIOTC51 rreCKII, neCqaHIIKII 11 Tper.QII-
HOBaTbIe pa3HOCTII 1I3BeCTH51KOB, 3aJIeralOll1,lIe B TOJIll1,e fJIIIH B BII.LLe npo-
CJIOeB pa3HOH MOll1,HOCTH. Pe3KIIe KOJIe6aHIIH MOll1,HOCTeH BO.LLOHOCHbIX fOplI-
30HTOB fJIIIH II qaCTOe IIX BbIKJ1IIHIIBaHlIe BCJ1e.LLCTBlIe cpau,lIaJ1bHbIX
1I3MeHeHIIH neCqaHbIX OTJIO:IKeHIIH 06YCJIOBJIIIBaeT HeBbI.LLep:IKaHHOe pacnpo-
CTpaHeHlIe BO.LLOHOCHbIX fOpII30HTOB KaK no npOCTlIpaHlIlO, TaK II B BepTII-
KaJIbHOM pa3pe3e 3TIIX OTJIO:IKeHIIH.
H alI60J1bIlIeH 06BO.LLHeHHOCTblO xa paKTepII3YIOTC51 OT J10:IKeHII5I Bep xHeH
nepMH, r.LLe rrpe06JIa.LLalOT KpacHOu,BeTHbIe neCqaHIIKII II neCKII. OTJIO:IKeHIIH:
HII:IKHeH nepMII npe.LLCTaBJIeHbI B OCHOBHOM rJIIIHIICTbIMII rrOpO.LLaMH, KOTO-
pble MO:IKHO paCCMaTplIBaTb KaK BO.LLoyrrop, pa3.LLeJ151IOll1,IIH rro.LL3eMHble BO.LLbI
Kap60Ha H BepxHero .LLeBOHa OT BbIIlIeJ1e:IKall1,lIx B0.LLOHOCHbIX fOpII30HTOB'
BepxHeH nepMII II Me303051. CJ1e.LLyeT, O.LLHaKO, OTMeTIITb, QTO rJ1HHHCTbIe
nOpO.LLbI Ha nJIoll1,a.LL1I TIplIrr51TCKOrO apTe3IIaHCKOfo 6acceHHa He HMelOT
CrrJIOillHOfO pacrrpOCTpaHeHII51 II rr03TOMY 3HaQeHIIe 3TIIX rropo.LL KaK BO.LLO-
yrropa HeBeJIIIKO (raTaJIbCKIIH, 1963).
B rrpe.LLeJIax TIplIrr51TCKOrO a pTe311aHcKofo 6acceHHa nO.LL3eMHble BO.LLbI
nepMCKIIX OTJ10:IKeHIIH 3aJIeralOT Ha fJIy6HHe OT 471,5 .LLO 923 At OT nOBepx-
HOCTII 3eMJ1II. TIorpY:IKeHlIe BO.LLOHOCHbIX fOpII30HTOB, KaK II BceH TO.IIll1,1I
nepMcKHx OTJIO:IKeHIIH, Ha6JIIO.LLaeTC51 C ceBepo-3arra.LLa Ha IOfO-BOCTOK

B nOM HarrpaBJIeHlI1I YBeJIIIQHBaeTCH II HX MOlll.HOCTb. Y ceBepO-3ana.LLHOH
fpaHIIQbI pacrrpoCTpaHeHII51 MOll1,HOCTb IIX He npeBbIIllaeT 135-200 At, TOf.LLa
KaK B paHoHe r. rroc. .QoMaHOBIIQH II .LLep. CJI060.LLa KaJIIIHKOBIIQCKOfO'
paHoHa OHa .LLOCTHraeT 515 At.




XAPAI(TEPHCTHI(A BO.ll.OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


137


BO.ll.oco.ll.ep)KaIlJ,l1e TOJIIlJ,11 rreCKOB H rreCqaHHKOB rrepMCKIiX oTJIo)KeHHll
6bIJIli Orrp060BaHbI B ll1eCTIi rrOIiCKOBO-pa3Be.ll.OqHbIX CKBa)KI1HaX, paCrrOJIO-
)KeHHbIX B pa3HbIX paHOHaX TIplirrSITCKOH Brra.ll.I1HbI. TIO.ll.3eMHble BO.ll.bI.
3aKJIIOqeHHble B 3THX rOpI130HTaX, I1MeIOT BbICOKYIO MIiHepaJII13au,I1IO, KOTO-
pa5I B 3aBl1Cl1MOCTli OT rJIy6l1HbI 3aJIeraHI15I Orrp060BaHHbIX rOpl130HTOB
113MeH5IJIaCb OT 38 .lI.0 145 ciA (Ta6JI. 24) II OTHOCI1TC5I K Tl1rry XJIOp l1 .l1. HO -
HaTplieBbIX BO.ll. (paCCOJIOB) (raTaJIbCKI1H, 1963).
BO.ll.o06l1JIbHOCTb BO.ll.OHOCHbIX rOpl130HTOB rrepMCKIiX OTJIO)KeHI1H OqeHb,
MaJIa5I. TIpli I1CrrbITaHl111 CKBa)KI1H, .lI.0Be.ll.eHHbIX .lI.0 BO.ll.OHOCHbIX rOp1130H-
TOB, BO.ll.OBMeIlJ,aIOIlJ,I1MI1 OTJIO)KeHI15IMIi KOTOpbIX 5IBJI5IIOTC5I rreCKIi II necqa-
HI1Kli, .lI.e6l1TbI I1X He rrpeBbIll1aIOT 3,0-5,9 M 3 /ttac rrpl1 rrOHI1)KeHl1li ypOBH5I
Ha 60-55 M OT CTaTl1qeCKoro. TIbe30MeTpl1qeCKlie ypOBHI1 HaXO.ll.HTCH Ha
rJIy6l1He 35-50 M OT rrOBepXHOCTIi 3eMJIli I1JIIi Ha OTMeTKax 76,4-110,8 M
a6c. BbICOTbI.
TIIiTaHlie rrO.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll. rrepMCKIiX OTJIO)KeHI1H rrpol1CxO.ll.l1T B Kpae-
BbIX qaCTHX I1X pacrrpoCTpaHeHI1H, B rrpe.ll.eJIax 3arra.ll.Holi II IO)KHOli qaCTea
I3eJIOpyccKoro rl1.l1.poreoJIOrl1qeCKOrO MaCCI1Ba, a TaK)Ke Ha ceBepHoH.
OKpaliHe YKpal1HCKOrO rl1.l1.poreoJIOrl1QeCKOrO MaCCIiBa 3a CqeT nocTyrrJIeHI1R
rr0.ll.3eMHbIX BO.ll. 113 BbIll1eJIe)KaIlJ,I1X B0.ll.0HOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB.


CpeiJlle -u lluJ/ClleKaMelllloYZO./lbllbIU 6oi)OIl0CllbIU KOMn./leKC (C2+1).
KaMeHHoyrOJIbHble OTJIO)KeHliH pacrrpoCTpaHeHbI Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe BCCP,
r.ll.e OHII BbIIlOJIH5IIOT Hal160JIee rJIy60KYIO qaCTb TIpl1rr5ITCKOrO apTe3l1aH-
CKoro 6acceHHa. 3aJIeraIOT OTJIO)KeHI151 Kap60Ha Ha pa3MbITOH rroBepXHOCTIi
BepxHero .lI.eBOHa I1JIIi HerrOCpe.ll.CTBeHHo Ha KpliCTaJIJII1QeCKIiX rropo.ll.ax
YH-
.lI.aMeHTa II rrepeKpbIBaIOTC51 MOIlJ,HOll TOJIIlJ,ei'I rreCQaHO-rJII1HI1CTbIX OT JIO)Ke-
Hlill rrepMI1 II Me30-KaHH030H. MOIlJ,HOCTb Kap60Ha B 3aBl1Cl1MOCTli OT
peJIbe
a rroBepXHOCTIi rrO.ll.CTliJIaIOIlJ,liX rropo.ll. BepxHero .lI.eBOHa 113MeH5IeTC51
B IlIl1pOKIiX rrpe.ll.eJIax. Ha COJI51HoKyrrOJIbHbIX rrO.ll.H5ITI15IX OHa BapblipyeT
OT 0,0 .lI.0 100,0 M; B Me)KKyrrOJIbHbIX rrOHI1)KeHI15IX MOIlJ,HOCTb I1X .lI.0CTliraeT
679-1472 M II 60JIee. B 06IlJ,eM )Ke 113MeHeHl1e MOIlJ,HOCTIi Kap60Ha Ha6JIIO-
.lI.aeTC51 C 3arra.ll.a Ha BOCTOK II OT rrepl1
epl1l1 K u,eHTpy Brra.ll.I1HbI.
B COCTaBe KaMeHHoyrOJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHI1H B rrpe.ll.eJIax TIpl1rr5ITCKOrO'
apTe3l1aHCKOro 6acceHHa BbI.lI.eJI51IOTC51 cpe.ll.Hl1lI II HI1)KHlili OT.lI.eJIbI. Cpell.-
HIiH OT.lI.eJI rrpe.ll.CTaBJIeH MOCKOBCKIiM II 6all1Kl1pCKIiM 5lpycaMI1, HI1)KHI1H-
HaMIOpCKI1M, Bl13eHCKliM II TYPHeHCKIiM HpycaMIi (rOJIy6U,OB, 1960).
OTJIO)KeHliH MOCKOBCKoro II 6aIlIKl1pCKOrO 5IPYCOB Cpe.ll.HerO Kap60Ha,
YCTaHOBJIeHHble B paHoHe M03bIp5I, EJIbCKa, HapOBJII1, Bparl1Ha, XOHHH-
KOB, .QoMaHOBI1QeH II B pH.lI.e .lI.pymx rrYHKToB, .lI.eJI5ITC5I Ha Tpl1 T
)JlIlJ,I1:
BepxHIOIO, Cpe.ll.HIOIO II HI1)KHIOIO. BepXH5I5I (.lI.HerrpOBCKa5I II ry JIeBWICKa51
CBHTbI) CJIO)KeHbI rrecTpou,BeTHbIMIi H TeMHO-CepbIMIi r JIIiHaMli C rrO.ll.QI1HeH-
HbIMIi rrpOCJI05IMIi 113BeCTH51KOB, rreCKOB, rreCqaHliKOB II aJIeBpOJIIiTOB 06IlJ,efI
MOIlJ,HOCTbIO .lI.0 157 M. 3Ta TOJIIlJ,a HBJI5IeTCH BO.ll.oyrropoM, 1130JII1PYIOIlJ,I1M
rrO.ll.3eMHble BO.ll.bI Cpe.ll.HerO Kap60Ha II BbIll1eJIe)KaIlJ,I1X BO.ll.OHOCHbIX ropH-
30HTOB rrepMCKIiX H Me3030HCKHX OTJIO)KeHI1H. Cpe.ll.H5I5I (MbITBI1HCKa5I II
3a03epHa51 CBI1TbI) rrpe.ll.CTaBJIeHa rrecTpOu,BeTHbIMIi rreCKaMIi li rreCQaHI1-
KaMIi C rr0.ll.QliHeHHbIMIi rrpoc.'IOHMI1 rJIIiH 06IlJ,eH MOIlJ,HOCTbIO .lI.0 74,0 M;
HI1)KHHH (QaCTI1QHO 3a03epHa5I, .lI.BH)KKOBCKa5I, rrpl1rr5ITCKa5I II XOlIHI1KcKa5I
CBliTbI) CJIO)KeHbI B OCHOBHOM rJIIiHaMH H aJIeBpOJIIiTaMH, C rrpOCJI05IMH
rreCQaHIiKOB II 6peKQl1eBl1.l1.HbIX li3BeCTH5IKOB 06IlJ,eH MOIlJ,HOCTbIO .lI.0 200 M.
rJII1HI1CTaH QaCTb 3TOll TOJIIlJ,11 MO)KeT paCCMaTpIiBaTbC5I KaK BTOpOll BO.ll.O-
yrrop, pa3.l1.eJI5IIOIlJ,I1H rrO.ll.3eMHble BO.ll.bI Cpe.ll.Hero II HI1)KHerO Kap60Ha.
OTJIO)KeHliH HaMIOpcKoro, BH3eHCKoro H TypHeHcKoro HPYCOB HI1)KHero'
Kap60Ha rrpe.ll.CTaBJIeHbI
au,HaJIbHO-HeO.ll.HOpO.ll.HbIM KOMrrJIeKCOM rropo.ll. KaK
B BepTI1KaJIbHOM pa3pe3e, TaK II rro rrJIOIlJ,a.ll.H HX pacnpoCTpaHeHI15I. Omi::




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10 3aR. 04368




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147


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XOHHHKcKoro paHoHa OHa COCTaBJI5IeT 453 M..
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,
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11 TeXHHqeCKOrO BOJJ,ocHa6)KeHHH. fl1JJ,poreOJIOrHlleCKHe ,II.aHHbIe 110 HeKOTO-
pbIM CKBa)KHHaM, 3KCI1JIyaTHpYIOIIJ,HM BOJJ,bI LUBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro BO
O-
HOCHoro ropH30HTa, CBe,II.eHbI B Ta6JI. 33.
l\aK BI1JJ,HO 113 Ta6JIHUbI, IllBeHTOllCKO-TapTYCKHH BOJ1.0HOCHbIll KOMTIJIeKC
Ha TeppHTopHH ceBepHbIX H BOCTOllHbIX paHOHOB BeJIOPYCCHH 3aJIeraeT Ha
fJIy6HHe OT 81,5 ,II.O 200 M HH)Ke 3eMHoH 110BepxHocTH I1JIH Ha OTMeTKax
OT + 78 JJ,O -60 M. B l1peJ1.eJIax DpHllHTcKoro apTe3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa
(Ta6/1. 34) rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHHH KpOBJIH 3Toro KOMllJIeKCa KOJIe6JIeTCH
B 60 J lee 3Ha r Il1TeJIbHbIX I1peJJ,eJIax. Do ceBepHoMY H IO)KHOMY 06paMJIeHH5IM
6acceHHa OHa BapbHpyeT OT 69 ,II.O 258 M, K n;eHTpaJIbHOn llaCTH f1pHI15IT-
CKoro apTe3HaHcKoro 6acceHHa KpOBJ1H IllBeHTollcKo-TapTycKoro BOJJ,OHOC-
HOro KOMI1JIeKCa pe3Ko l1orpY)KaeTCH, JJ,OCTl1raH 1624,0 M B r. .l1OC. CTapo-
6HHe, 1500 M B panoHe LIepBoHoH CJI060JJ,bI Jl106aHcKoro panoHa, 1924,0 M
B paHoHe r. DeTpHKoBa, 2532-2559 M B paHoHe r. HapOBJIH II JJ,O 3024-
3160 M B paHoHe r. WeCTOBHljl1.
Dbe30MeTpl1lleCKHe ypOBHH l10JJ,3eMHbIX BO,II. 3Toro BO,II.OHOCHOro ropH-
30HTa paCl10.1araIOTC5! Ha OTMeTKax OT 104 (r. BeIlleHKoBHllH) ,II.O 194,0 M
(JJ,ep. 3a60,IIOTbe TOJIO'1HHCKOrO paHoHa). B6JIH3H JJ,OJIHHbI 3al1. ,lJ,BHHbI




158


onHCAHHE nOlJ,3EMHbIX BOlJ,


Ta6JJlIlta 33


OCHOBHble rH)I,pOreOJIOrH'IeCKHe )l,aHHble no UlBeHToikKo-TapTycKoMY BOJJ;OHOCHOMY KOMnJleKcy
(B npe)l,eJIax ceBepHoH '1aCTH 6eJIOPyccKoro rH)l.pOreOJIOrH'IeCKOrO MaCCHBa H 3ana)l.HOK'IaCTH'
nO)l.MOCKOBHoro apTe3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa)


fJly6HHa rJly6HAa 3a.le- r.,y6AAa .Qe6AT,
CKB.. .At Mom- 33.11eraHHSJ
('!HCJlA- raAA!! KpOBJlH HOCTb nbe30MeTpH- .M 3 jqac
Te,lb) B01l0HQCHOrO ttecKoro ( 'IHCJlH- YJl.eJlb-
Me:TOHaXO)l{lleHHe ropH30Hia, .At BOllO- Te.
b) HEoiA
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{3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. At BepXH. OTM. (3HaMeHa-
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fopo)!; BepxHe.n:BIIHcK
BepxHe)!;BuHcKoro p-Ha


fopo.n: TIOJlOl\K Ha Tep-
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LJ:ep. BOPOBl\bl TIoJlOl\-
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CT. BopoByxa TIOJIOl\-
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f. noc. IllYMUJIUHO BII-
Te6cKoro p-Ha


fopo)!; fOpO.n:OK fopo-
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LJ:ep. f Jlbl60tJaHbI J1e-
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LJ:ep. 06py6 f JIy60K-
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fopo.n: BerneHKOBlItJlI
BerneHKOB!JqCKOro p-ua


LJ:ep. By.n:IIJIOBo Berneu-
KOBlItJCKoro p-Ha, oBOw.e-
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f. noc. 4arnUUKlI Be-
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fopo.n: Oprna Opw.aH-
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594,36
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64,50 52,50:140,33 +8,0 124,0


150,57 -20,57 32,79 +2,39 132,3


155,0 81,5 54,2 >73,5 14,6 121,1
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1094,25
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129,9 +13,25 172,75


25,2
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onHCAHHE nO,lJ:3EMHbIX BO,lJ:


Ta6JIHIJ,a 34
OCHoBHble rH)!.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe )!.aHHble no UlBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoMY BO)!.OHOCHOMY KOMnJIeKcy
(B npe)!.eJIax n pHnllTcKoro apTe3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa)


f Ry6HHa 3aRe- fRy6HHa
Lly6HHa 33J1eraHH51 .L!e6HT,
CRB., .At raHHH KPOB/IH I1be30MerpHlJe-
('-IHc.m- BOJ1.0HOCHOro MOIL{' CRoro YPOBH51, .«3!/.fac
TeRb) ropH30HTa, .At At (qHCRH- YJleRb-
HOCTb TeRb) HbIH
Ha3B3HHe CKB3}KHHbI a6c. OTM. B01l.0HOC. .Qe6HT,
YCTbH ropH30H- nOHI!:tK.
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CRB., .At OT I10- OTM. Ta, .At OT I10- a6c. ( 3HaMeHa-
(3HaMeHa- BepxH. KpOMH, BepxH. OTM.
TeRb) 3eMJIH 3eMJIH Te,lb)
oM
CTpeJlH'JeBCKa5I I-P 2793,55 2600 2478 70 800 -678 2,4 0,005
122 441,0
CTpeJIH'JeBCKa5I 2-P 2619 2565 2443 13 600 - 478 1 12,0 0,043
122 -280,0


OHlI CHlDKaIOTC5! ,lJ:O 124,0 M B r. BepXHe,lJ:BlIHCKe 1I 121 M B pallOHe fOpO,lJ:OB
f10JIOIJ,Ka 1I HOBOnOJIOIJ,Ka. B ,lJ:OJIliHe J],Henpa nbe30MeTplitIeCKlie ypOBHlI
lliBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKoro BO,lJ:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa HaXO,lJ:5!TC5! Ha OTMeTKax
172,7-146,20 M (paHOH rOpO,lJ:OB Opllill 1I MOfllJIeBa), B ,lJ:OJIliHe p. CO)Ka
OHli CHlI)KaIOTC5! ,lJ:O OTMeTKlI 128,0 M (r. KpllqeB). 06lli,ee nOHlI)KeHlIe
nbe30MeTpllqeCKOll nOBepXHOCTli lliBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKoro BO,lJ:OHOCHOro KOM-
nJIeKCa Ha6JIIO,lJ:aeTC5I C 3ana,lJ:a Ha BOCTOK, T. e. B CTOPOHY f10,lJ:MOCKOBHoro
apTe311aHCKOro 6accellHa.
BO,lJ:00611JIbHOCTb lliBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKoro BO,lJ:OHOCHOro KOMnJIeKCa
1I3MeH5!eTC5! B llilipOKliX npe,lJ:eJIax, qTO 06'b5!CH5!eTC5! HenOCT05!HCTBOM JIlITO-
JIOrllqeCKOrO COCTaBa BO,lJ:OBMelli,alOlli,lIX OTJIO)KeHlIll 1I lIX MOlli,HOCTli. B ce-
BepHbIX paHOHax neJIOpYCClIlI, r,lJ:e BO,lJ:OBMelli,aIOIII,lIe nOpO,lJ:bI npe,lJ:CTaBJIeHbI
MeJIKO- 1I Cpe,lJ:He3epHlICTbIMlI, XOpOlliO npOMbITbIMli neCKaMli 1I nopllCTbIMli
neCqaHliKaMli 06lli,ell MOlli,HOCTblO 60JIee 60-80 M, np01l3BO,lJ:lITeJIbHOCTb
OT,lJ:eJIbHbIX CKBa)KlIH, npll ,lJ:lIaMeTpe KOHeqHbIX Tpy6 150-200 MM, ,lJ:OCTlI-
raeT 60-72 M 3 /'iac. f1oHlI)KeHlIe nbe30MeTpllqeCKOrO ypOBH5! npll ,lJ:aHHbIX
,lJ:e611TaX He npeBbIlliaeT 10,0 M (r. HOBOnOJIOIJ,K, )K.-,lJ:. CT. DopoByxa).
B pallOHe r. Opllill ,lJ:e611TbI OT,lJ:eJIbHbIX CKBa)KlIH COCTaBJI5!IOT 36-40 M 3 /'iaC
npll nOHlI)KeHlIli nbe30MeTpllQeCKOrO YPOBH5! Ha 3,35-10,0 M (r. Opllia,
,lJ:ep. 3a6oJIoTbe OplliaHcKoro paHoHa).
B palloHe r. Do6PYllcKa np01l3BO,lJ:lITeJIbHOCTb OT,lJ:eJIbHbIX CKBa)KlIH
BapblipyeT B 60JIblliliX npe,lJ:eJIax. Ha KlIpnllQHOM 3aBO,lJ:e NQ 9 ,lJ:e611T CKBa-
)KlIHbI COCTa BJI5!JI ,lJ:O 40 M 3 /'iac npll He6oJIblliOM nOHlI)KeHlIli. f1 P01l3BO,lJ:1I-
TeJIbHOCTb CKBa)KlIH Ha BTOpOM BO,lJ:03a6ope 1I3MeH5!eTC5! OT 23 M 3 !'iaC TIPli
nOHlI)KeHlIli ypOBH5! Ha 14,0 M OT CTaTlIQeCKOrO ,lJ:O 60,0 M 3 /'iaC C nOHlDKe-
HlieM nbe30MeTpllQeCKoro ypOBH5! Ha 12,2 M.
TaKliM o6pa30M, lliBeHToHcKo-Ta PTYCKliH BO,lJ:OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC cO,lJ:ep-
,)KlIT 3HaQllTeJIbHble pecypcbI nO,lJ:3eMHbIX BO,lJ:, KOTopbIe MorYT CJIY)Kl-ITb
,lJ:OCTaTOqHO HaJ1.e)KHbIM lICTOtIHlIKOM X035IllCTBeHHo-nliTbeBoro BOJ1.0CHa6)Ke-
HH5! C KpynHbIM BOJ1.0nOTpe6JIeHlIeM.
f1l1TaHlie BOJ1.0HOCHOro KOMnJIeKCa oCYIIl,eCTBJI5!eTC5! B KpaeBbIx QaCT5!X
ero pacnpOCTpaHeHlI5! nYTeM nepeTeKaHlI5! n0J1.3eMHbIX BOJ1. 1I3 <ppaHcKoro
BO,lJ:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa lIJIH 1I3 BbIllieJIe)Kalli,lIX OTJIO)KeHlIH BepXHero MejIa
1I QeTBepTlIQHOll TOJIlli,lI B MeCTax lIX KOHTaKTlIpOBaHlI5!.
HaXOJ1.5!Cb B 30He lIHTeHClIBHoro BO,lJ:006MeHa, nOJ1.3eMHble BOJ1.bI lliBeH-
Toi1cKO-TapTYCKoro BOJ1.0HOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa B 3anaJ1.HOll QaCTli CBoero
pacnpOCTpaHeHlI5!, xapaKTep1l3YIOTC5! MaJIOH MHHepaJIl-I3aIJ,l-Iell C nJIOTHbIM




XAPAKTEPI1CTI1Ki\ BO,n:OHOCHbIX rOPl130HTOB


161


OCTaTKOM OT 0,15 ,n:o 0,45 2/A II OTHOC5ITC5I K Tllny rll,n:poKap6oHaTHo-
KaJIbIJ,lleBO-MarHl-leBbIX BO,n: (Ta6JI. 35). I1cKJI!O'IeHlle COCTaBJI5IeT JIlUlib
ceBepHa5I 'IaCTb oeJIOPyccKoro m,n:poreoJIOm'IeCKOrO MaCCliBa (ropo,n:a
f10JIOIJ,K II HOBOnOJIOIJ,K), r..Qe B pe3YJIbTaTe no,n:TOKa BbICoKoMliHepaJI1l30-
BaHHblX BO,n: 113 Hll)!(eJIe)!(aIlI,llX Bo,n:OHOCHbIX rop1l30HTOB II KOMnJIeKCOB,
no,n:3eMHble BO,n:bI IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 060ra-
IlI,a!OTC5I XJIOpll,n:aMli HaTpll5I II B CBH311 C 3TIIM npll06peTa!OT 'IeTKO Bblpa-
)!(eHHble 'IepTbI CMeIlIaHHblX m,n:poKap60HaTHO-XJIOPll,n:Ho-KaJIbIJ,lleBO-HaT-
plieBO-MarHlleBbIX BO,n: C MliHepaJI1l3aIJ,lleH 0,49-0,71 2/A (K03JIOB II Me,n:-
Be,n:eBa, 1963), llJIli XJIOpll,n:Ho-HaTplieBblx BO,n: C MliHepaJI1l3aIJ,llelI ,n:o 1,5 2/A,
KaK 3TO Ha6JI!O,n:aeTcH B r. f10JIOIJ,Ke (K03JIOB, 1957).
f10 Mepe norpy)!(eHIIH Bo,n:OBMeIlI,a!OIlI,llX nopo,n: IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro
BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa B CTOPOHY f10,n:MOcKoBHoro apTe311aHcKoro 6ac-
ceHHa MliHepaJI1l3aIJ,llH no,n:3eMHbIX BO,n: IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro BO,n:OHOC-
Hora KOMnJIeKCa 3aKoHoMepHo B03pacTaeT II Ha rJIy611He 200-300 M ,n:OCTll-
raeT 2,8-3,1 2/A, npll06peTa5I 'IepTbI CMeIlIaHHblX XJIOpll,n:HO-cYJIb<paTHo-
HaTplieBO-KaJIbIJ,lleBO-MarHlleBbIX (r. rOpO,n:OK), m,n:poKap60HaTHo-cYJIb-
<paTHo-HaTplieBblx (r. OCIIHTOP<P) II 'IeTKO Bblpa)!(eHHbIX cYJIb<paTHo-
HaTplieBblx (r. oorYIlIeBcK) BO,n:.
B caHliTapHoM OTHOIlIeHllll BO,n:bI IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro
KOMnJIeKCa OTJIll'Ia!OTCH XOpOIlIliM Ka'IeCTBOM (KOJIII-TIITP 60JIee 300).
3Ha'IIITeJIbH
e pecypc
 II BllOJIHe y,n:oBJIeTBOpllTeJIbHOe Ka'IeCTBO no,n:-
3;eMHblX BO,n: IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa Ha Teppll-
TOplili ceBepHblx II BOCTO'IHbIX paHoHoB oeJIOpycclili n03BOJI5I!OT OTHecnl
3TOT KOMnJIeKC K 'IIICJIY OCHOBHbIX, KOTOpbIH MO)!(eT CJIY)!(llTb ,n:OCTaTO'IHO
Ha,n:e)!(HbIM llCTo'IHlIKOM X035IikTBeHHo-nliTbeBoro II TeXHll'IeCKOrO BO,n:O-
cHa6)!(eHll5I C KpynHbIM Bo,n:onoTpe6JIeHlleM. B HaCTOHIlI,ee BpeM5I Ha no,n:-
. 3eMHblX Bo,n:ax 3Toro KOMnJIeKCa OCHOBaHO Bo,n:ocHa6)!(eHlle ropo,n:oB Morll-
JleBa, 006pYHcKa II pH,n:a ,n:Pymx HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHKToB II npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX
llpe,n:npllHTlIil. Ha no,n:3eMHbIX Bo,n:ax 3Toro KOMnJIeKCa 6y,n:eT OCHOBaHO
H Bo,n:ocHa6)!(eHlle ropo,n:oB HOBOnOJIoIJ,Ka II f10JIOIJ,Ka cera npOMbIIlIJIeH-
HbIMli npe,n:npllHTlIHMll.
B npe,n:eJIax f1plln5ITCKOrO apTe311aHcKoro 6acceHHa BO,n:OHOCHOCTb.
IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKliX OTJIO)!(eHIIH 113Y'IeHa nOKa cJIa60. I1Me!OIlI,lleC5I;
MaTepllaJIbI n03BOJI5I!OT JIIIIlIb YKa3aTb, 'ITa rll,n:poreOJIOrll'IeCKlie YCJIOBll5I
IlIBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKliX OTJIO)!(eHIIH xapaKTep1l3y!OTCH BeCbMa CJIa6bIM llJIli
nO'ITli llOJIH
M OTcyTcTBlieM Bo,n:006MeHa C 3eMHOH llOBepXHOCTb!O, B CB5I311.
C 'IeM 3,n:eCb <POpMIIPY!OTC5I TOJIbKO BbICOKOKOHIJ,eHTplipOBaHHble paCCOJIbI'
pa3Horo XliMll'IeCKOrO COCTaBa II MliHepaJI1l3aIJ,1l1l.
IIlBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKliH BO,n:OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC B npej:r,eJIax f1plln5IT-
CKoro apTe311aHCKoro 6acceHHa 6
JI onp060BaH TOJIbKO Ha CTpeJIll'IeBCKO

CTpYKType (XOHHIIKCKIIH paHOH) B IIHTepBaJIe 2565-2578 II 2660-2665 M.'
Ha yKa3aHHblx rJIy611Hax co,n:ep)!(aTC5I BbICOKOKOHIJ,eHTpllpOB<lHHble paCCOJIbI
XJIOpll,n:Ho-HaTplieBoro II XJIOpll,n:Ho-KaJIbIJ,lleBoro Tllna C MliHepaJI1l3aIJ,lleH.
,n:o 354 2/A II TeMnepaTypoH 60JIee 50 0 C (r aTaJIbCKIIH, 1963). PaccoJI

co,n:ep)!(aT 60JIbIlIOe KOJIll'IeCTBO 6poMa (3821 M2/A), Ho,n:a (31,0 M2/A) II
CTpOHIJ,llH (1704 .M2/A) , Ta6JI. 36. f1pll OTKa'IKe 113 CKB. 2 npliToK BO,lI,
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npll nOHll)!(eHllll YPOBH5I Ha 441,0 M OT CTaTll'IeCKOrO He npeBbIIlIaJI
B CKBa)!(llHY COCTaBJIHJI 12 M 3 /'I.aC npll nOHll)!(eHllll ypOBHH Ha 280 M aT
CTaTll'IeCKoro. B CKB. 1 npliToK BO,n:
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OT CTaTll'IeCKOro He npeBbIIlIaJI 2,4M3/'I.ac (CM. Ta6JI. 34). 9Tll paCCOJIbI
MorYT npe,n:cTaBJIHTb IIHTepec KaK cblpbe ,n:JIH XliMll'leCKOH llpOMblIIiJIeH-
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 CllJIyplllIcKllX OTJIOlKe-
HllH: .
B npe)],eJIax BpeCTCKoro apTe31IaHCKoro 6acceHHa CHJIYPHMCKHe OTJIO-
lKeHll51 npe)],CTaBJIeHbI ,il,BYM51 TOJIIIl,aMll: BepXH5151 CJIO)KeHa H3BeCTH51KaMH,
qaCTO rJIHHllCTbIMll, MepreJI51MH H TpeIIl,HHOBaTbIMH KaBepH03HbIMH ,il,OJIO-
MllTaMH, HlllKH5151 - TpeIIl,llHOBaTbIMH, qaCTO KaBepH03HbIMH ,il,OJIOMllTaMll
C nO,il,qHHeHHbIMH npOCJI051MH H3BeCTH51KOB H MepreJIeM (JIJIaH,il,OBepCKll!1
5lPYC HlllKHero OT)],eJIa). B BOCTOqHOH qaCTH CBoero pacnpOCTpaHeHH51 OTJIO-
)KeHll51 CHJIypa HaXO)],51TC51 Ha rJIy611He 215,8 M (,il,ep. CTpllroBo K06pHH-
CKoro p-Ha), B 3ana)],HOM HaIIpaBJIeHllll OHll norpYlKalOTC51, )],OCTllra51
B r. BpecTe rJIy611HbI 334 M. 3aJIeralOT OTJIOlKeHlI51 CHJIypa Ha nopo,il,a.x
Op)],oBHKa H nepeKpblBalOTC51 IOpOM HJIH oca)],KaMH nepMH.
Ha IOrO-3ana,il,e BeJIOpyccHll OTJIO)KeHll51 CHJIypa He onp060BaHbI HI1
O,il,HOM CKBa)KHHOM. B COCe,il,HllX paMOHax YKpallHbI CllJlYPHMCKlle OTJIOlKe-
Hll51 xapaKTepH3YIOTC51 BbICOKOM BO,il,00611JIbHOCTblO H co)],ep)KaT BO,il,bI pa3-
HOM MllHepaJIH3alI,HH. I1MelOIIl,lleC51 reOJIOmqeCKlle ,il,aHHbIe H Ha6JIIO,il,aB-
IIleeC51 CllJIbHOe rrOrJIOIIl,eHlle rJIHHHCTOro paCTBopa B npOlI,eCce npOXO,il,KH
JI,OJIOMHTOB CBH)],eTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO OT JIOlKeHll51 CllJIypa 5lBJI5lIOTC51 BO)],O-
0611JIbHbIMll II Ha TeppllTOpHH lOrO-3ana,il,HbIX paIlOHOB BCCP.
DOJI,3eMHble BO)],bI Op)],OBllKCKllX OTJIO)KeHHM Ha TeppllTopHH ceBepo-3a-
na)],Hblx paMOHOB BCCP H3yqeHbI JIHIllb B CKBa)KHHaX r. noc. BllJI,3bI II
)],ep. KynbI, pacrrOJIO)KeHHOM Ha 6epery 03. HapOqb. B paMOHe r. rroc. BH'JI,3br




XAiPAKTEPHCTaKA BO
OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


173


nO)],3eMHbIe BO)],bl Op)],OBliKa BCKpblTbl Ha rJIy61IHe 251,3 M HlI)Ke 3eMHoM
nOBepxHocTli. nbe30MeTp1I4eCKliM ypoBeHb lIX nO)],HlIMaJIC5I )],0 OTMeTKH
129,0 M a6c. BbICOTbl, T. e. HaXO)],lIJIC5I Ha 11,0 M HlI)Ke nOBepxHocTli 3eMJIli.
no ;I,aHHbIM fJIaBreOJIOrlili BCCP ,l1,e61IT CKBa)KlIHbI npli nOHH)KeHHlI ypOBH5I
oTKa4KoH Ha 10 M OT CTaTH4eCKOfo COCTaBJI5IJI 5,7 M 3 /tt.ac, a npli OTKa4Ke
C nOHH)KeHHeM ypOBHH Ha 18 M OH paBHHJICH 9,2 M 3 /tt.ac. B )],ep. Kyna op)],o-
BHKCKliH BO)],OHOCHbIM rop1I30HT BCKpblT Ha rJIy6HHe 141,50 M. nbe30MeTpH-
4ecKHM ypoBeHb nO)],HlIM aJIC5I Ha 0,15 M Bblille IloBepxHocTli 3eMJIlI, T. e. )],0-
CTHraJI OTMeTKlI 167,15 M. Lle61IT B 3TOM CKBa)KHHe He onpe)],eJI5IJIC5I.
Ha paCCMaTpHBaeMOM TeppliTopliH nO)],3eMHbIe BO)],bl Op)],OBHKCKliX OT-
JIO)KeHHH xapaKTep1I3YlOTC5I pa3HblM XlIM1I4eCKliM COCTaBOM 1I MliHepaJIlI-
3aUHeH. B paHOHe )],ep. Kyna BO)],bl Op)],OBHKa HMelOT MaJIYIO MliHepaJI1I3a-
UHIO (0,21 ciA) 1I OTHOC5ITC5I K Tliny rlI)],pOKap60HaTHO-KaJIbUlieBO-MarHlIe-
BblX BO
. C norpY)KeHHeM Op)],OBHKCKliX OTJIO)KeHHM Ha 60JIbillYlO rJIy6HHY
MeHHeTC5I XHM1I4eCKHH COCTaB 1I 06ll.1,aH MHHepaJI1I3aUH5I. B r. noc. BlI)],3bI
nOJJ,3E'MHbIe B 0)], bl Ha rJIy61IHe 251 M lIMelOT 4eTKO Bblpa)KeHHbIM XJIOplI)],HO-
HaTpHeBblM Tlin C MliHepaJI1I3aUlieH OKOJIO 43 ciA. BOJIee no)],p06HaH xapaK-
TepHcTliKa XHMH4eCKoro COCTaBa nO)],3eMHbIX BO)], Op)],OBHKCKliX OTJIO)KeHlIM
nplIBe,lJ,eHa B Ta6JI. 39.


T a 6 JJ Ii IJ, a 39
XHMIJ4eCKIJH COCTaB nO)!.3eMHblX BO)!. CHJIYPHHCKO-Op)!.OBHKCKoro BO)!.OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa


CesepHblH 6eper 03. Hapo%, r. noc. B!1l{3b1
l{ep. Kyna
COCTas SOl{ (1:10,13-180,5 .M; 1956 r.) * (251,3 o\(: 1957 r.)
M21A I .M2.3KB I Alz.aK8 % M21A I Al2.[JK8 I M2.9/(8 %


KaTHOHbI
Na++K+ 2,98 0,13 3,47 12190,0 603,72 78,91
Ca 2 + 48,59 2,69 71,73 1 922,4 96,01 12,55
Nlg2+ 11,36 0,93 24,80 794,2 65,31 8,54
2;K 3,75 100,00 765,04 100,00
AHHoH!>!
Cl- 4,8 0,14 4,01 24 850,0 700,97 91,63
50 4 2 - 7,4 0,15 4,30 2980,0 _ 62,07 8,11
HCO a - 195,2 3,20 91,69 122,0 2,0 0,26

A 3,49 100,00 765,Q4 100,00
)I\ecTKocTb;
a) 06111aH 3,62
6) Kap60HaTHa5I 3,20
MflHepaJJIJ3aIJ,HH, ciA eJ,17 43,0 161,08
pH 6,9 2,00
M HCO a 92 JVl 43 ,0 C192
0,17 Ca 72 Mg 25 Na 79
* B cK06Kax AaHbI rJJy6IJHa 0l1p060BaHlIH II rOA B35ITlI5I I1p06bI BOAb!.


CpeiJHeue.M6puucuuU 80iJOHOCHblU lOpU30Hm (Cm2)
OT JIOlKeHlIH H:tKOpCKliX lIJIli <PYKOlI)],HbIX CJIOeB cpe)],Hero KeM6p1I5I pac-
. npocTpaHeHbl Ha TeppliToplili KpaMHlIx ceBepO-3ana)],Hblx 1I IOro-3ana)],Hblx
paMOl-IOB BeJIOpYCClill. 3aJIeralOT OHli Ha pa3MbITOM nOBepxHocTli roplI-
30HTa «CHHlIX rJIlIH» HlI)KHerO KeM-6p1I5I. B ceBepO-3ana)],HoM qaCTli BCCP
rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraH1I5I HX KpOBJIli KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 349,7 (r. LlpHcca) )],0
363.0 M (r. Bllll3blL Ha IOrO-3anane - OT 194 (r. K06DlIH) 110 235 }It




174


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rOpH30HTa HBJIHlOTCH CBeTJIO-Cepble, 6eJIble H :lKeJITOB3TO-Cepble MeJIKO- H
Cpe)],He3epHHCTble neCKH H CJIa60C
eMeHTHpOBaHHble neClJaHHKH. MOUJ,HOCTb
HX KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 3,0 (r. .lI.pncca) )],0 8,0 M (r. noc. BH)],3bI) B ceBepo-
3ana)],HbIX paHoHax H )],OCTHraeT 81,0 M (r. Ko6pHH) H 60JIee Ha lOro-
3ana)],e BCCP.
BO)J.oynopoM 3Toro ropH30HTa CJIY:IKHT MOUJ,HaH TOJIUJ,a rJIHH, C npa-
CJ10HMH aJIeBpOJIHTOB, ropH30HTa CHHHX rJIHH HH:lKHerO KeM6pHH, xopowo
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30HTa.
DO)],3eMHble BO)],bI H:lKOpCKHX OTJIO:IKeHHH Ha TeppHTopHH BeJIOpyccHH
COBepllJeHHO He H3YlJeHbI. OHH He 6bIJIH onp060BaHbI HH O)],HOH CKBa:IKHHOH.
B coce)J.HHX C BCCP palloHax JIaTBHikKOH CCP BO)J.OHOCHbIH ropH30HT
H:lKOpCKHX HJIH CPYKOH,lJ,HbIX CJIOeB onp060BaH B r. .lI.ayraBnHJICe H HeKOTO-
pbIX )],PYrHX nYHKTax. B r. .lI.ayraBnHJICe nbe30MeTpHlJeCKHH ypoBeHb BOLJ,.b!:
CpeLJ,.HeKeM6pHHcKoro BOLJ,.OHOCHoro ropH30HTa nOLJ,.HHMaJICH BbIllJe nOBepx-
HOCTH 3eMJIH, T. e. LJ,.OCTHraJI OTMeTKH 108 M a6c. BbICOTbl (raTaJIbCKHH,
1963). Bo)],a C rJIy6HHbI 536-558 M HMeeT MHHepaJIH3au.HlO 31,0 ciA H no
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30HT Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP 3aJIeraeT Ha 60JIblllOH rJIy6HHe no,il, COJIeHbIMH
BO,il,aMH Op)],OBHKa, MO:IKHO C YBepeHHOCTblO rOBopHTb 0 TOM, lJTO nO,il,3eM-
Hble BO,il,bI Cpe,il,HeKeM6pHHCKoro (H:lKOpCKOro) BO,il,OHOCHOro ropH30HTa
HMelOT BbICOKYlO MHHepaJIH33UHlO H Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP.
nHTaHHe nO,lJ,3eMHbrx BO,il, Cpe,il,HerO KeM6pHH, KaK H ,lJ,pyrHx BO)],OHOCHbIX
ropH30HTOB KeM6pHHCKHX OTJIO:IKeHHH, OCYlll,eCTBJIHeTCH B npe,lJ,eJIax
BeJIopyccKoro rH,il,poreOJIOrHlJeCKOrO MaCCHBa 3a ClJeT nO,il,3eMHbIX BO,il,
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BHTHH. OH pacrrpOCTpaHeH Ha He60JIbllJOH llJIOlll,a,il,H B ceBepHOH lJaCTH BeJIo-
PYCCKoro rH,lJ,pOreOJIOrHlJeCKOrO MaCCHBa H B npe,il,eJIax BpeCTCKoro apTe-
3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa. rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHHH Ha,il,JIHMHHapHTOBoro ropH30HTa
H3MeHHeTCH OT 160 (r. CMoproHb) ,il,0 480 M (r. BepXHe,lJ,BHHcK) Ha ceBepo-
3ana,il,e BCCP H OT 261 ,il,0 293 M B lOrO-3ana,il,HbIX ee paHoHax.
BO,il,OBMell.{alOUJ,HMH nOpO,lJ,aMH HBJIRIOTCH pa3Ho3epHHcTble rreCKH H nec-
lJaHHKH C rrpOCJIOHMIT rJIHH H aJIeBpOJIHTOB. MOll.{HOCTb HX H3MeHHeTC5!
B 3HalJHTeJIbHbIX npe)],eJIax. B ceBepO-3ana,il,HbIX paHoHax BCCP HaH60,TIb-
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)],BHHCKe, r,I\e OHa )J.OCTHraeT 60Jlee 28 M. Ha lOrO-BOCTOK H IOr MOUJ,HOCTb
HX YMeHbllJaeTCH ,il,0 3-5 M. Ha TeppHTopHH BpecTcKoH Bna,lJ,HHbI, 3aHH-
MalOll1,eH lOrO-3ana,il,HYlO lJaCTb BpecTcKoH 06JIaCTH, MOll1,HOCTb Ha,lJ,JIHMHHa-
pHToBoro ropH30HTa KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 3 ()],ep. OpJIHHKH MaJIOpHTCKoro pail-
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XAJPAJKTEPHCTHKA BOiJ,OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


175


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Bora BOiJ,OHOCHOrO rOpH30HTa OT BO,D:OHOCHbIX rapH30HTOB CpeiJ,Hera KeM6pH5I
H BblIIIeJIe)Kall.{HX OTJIO)KeHHH Op,il,OBHKa, CH.rrypa H ,il,eBOHa.
Ha TeppHTOpHH EeJIOPYCCHH HaiJ,JI51MHHapHTOBbIH BO,D:OHOCHbIH rOpH-
30HT HCIIOJIb3yeTC51 TOJIbKO B palIOHe r. CMOprOHH. DpH a6COJIIOTHOH OT-
MeTKe YCTb51 CKBa)KMHbI OKOJIO 145,0 M IIbe30MeTpH4ecKHH ypoBeHb ero
IIO,il,HHMaJIC51 Ha 4,0 M BbIIIIe nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH HJIH iJ,OCTHfaJI 149,0 M Ha,D:
ypoBHeM MOp5l. DpOH3BOiJ,HTeJIbHOCTb OT,D:eJIbHbIX CKBa)KHH, 3KCIIJIyaTHpylO-
ll.{HX IIOiJ,3eMHble BOiJ,bI, COCTaBJI51eT 20 M 3 1ttac npM nOHH)KeHHM ypOBH5I Ha
8 M OT CTaTHqeCKoro. B ,il,PYfIlX pafIoHax 3TOT fOpH30HT He 6bIJI oIIpo6oBaH.
B MeCTax Her JIy60Koro 3aJIeraHH5I HaiJ,JI5IMliHapHTOBbIl1: ropH30HT Co-
iJ,eplKHT IIpeCHYIO BO,il,Y rH,il,pOKap6oHaTHO-KaJIbI.I,HeBOrO THna C MHHepaJIH-
3aIJ,HeH: 0,25-0,32 ciA.
DOJIee nOJIHa51 xapaKTepHCTHKa XHMHI!eCKoro COCTaBa nOiJ,3eMHbIX BO,il,
Ha,D:JI5IMHHapHTOBoro BO,D:OHOCHOro ropH30HTa B p-He CMoprOHH npHBe,D:eHa
B Ta6.rr. 40.


Ta6JII1l(a 40
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r. CMoprOHb, lllKOJIa-HHTepH3T r. CMOpCOHb
COCTaB BOA (170,0-179,0 M; 1%2 c.) * (180,0 M; 1962 r.)
M?fA I .Al2 . aK8 I M2.3KB %. M2/A I ..Mz.aKB I M2'3KB %.
l(aTHoHbI
Na++K+ 9,94 0,43 7,50 20,47 0,89 18,16
Ca 2 + 56,72 2,83 49,11 48,30 2,41 49,18
M
2+ 30,40 2,50 43,39 19,46 1,60 32,66

K - 5,76 ]00,00 - 4,90 100,00
AHHOHbI
CI- 3,53 0,10 ],73 1,96 0,06 1,22
50 4 2 - 7,82 0.16 2,83 2,06 0,04 0,82
HCOr 335,50 5,50 95,44 292,80 4,80 97,96

A - 5,76 - - 4,90 100,00
)I(ecTKOCTb:
a) o6w.a5I - 5,33 - - 4,01 -
6) Kap6oHaTHa5I - - - -- - -
MI1HepaJII13al(H5I, i!/A 0,32 - - 0,24- - -
Fe (cYMMapH.) 3,10 - - 0,96 - -
M HCO., 95 M HC0 3 98
0,32 Ca 49 Mg 43 0,24 Ca 49 Mg 32


* B cKo6Kax AaHbI rJIy6HHa onp060BaHH5I H rOA B35ITI15I I1p06
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Do Mepe norpY)KeHH51 HaiJ,JI5IMHHapHTOBoro BO,D:OHOCHOro fOpH301-lTa Ha
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H MeH51eTC5I THn BOiJ,bI. B paHOHe r. HeBeJI51 IIOiJ,3eMHble BO,il,bl 3Toro ropH-
30HTa, 3aJIeralOll.{He B HHTepBaJIe rJIy6HH 627-637 M, HMelOT MliHepaJIH3a-
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CKHH:, 1963).




176


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BOCTOKe pecrry6JIH:KH: H: B rrpe,lJ,eJIax MOpH:HCKO- B060BH5IHcKoro H: CH:HKe-
BJiqCKo-)KH:TKOBJiqCKOrO BbIcTyrroB rpYH,lJ,aMeHTa. B ceBepHOH IJ:aCTH: BCCP H:
B ueHTpaJIbHbIX ee paHOHax r,lJ,OBCKH:H BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC 3aJIeraeT Ha
pa3MbITOH rrOBepXHOCTH: OTJIOLKeHH:H oprnaHCKOH CBH:TbI BepXHero rrpOTepo-
3051 H:JIH: HerrOCpe,lJ,CTBeHHO Ha KpH:CTaJIJIH:qeCKH:X rropO,lJ,ax KpH:CTaJIJIH:IJ:eCKoro
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HHH oprnaHCKOH HJIH rrJiHCKOH CBHT BepXHero rrpOTep030H H TOJIbKO Ha rrpJi-
rrO,lJ,HHTbIX yqaCTKaX f10JIeCCKOH Ce,lJ,JIOBJiHbI KpJiCTaJIJIHIJ:eCKHe rrOpO,lJ,bI rpYH-
,lJ,aMeHTa HJIH rrpO,lJ,YKTbI HX pa3pymeHHH.
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JIeraeT Ha rJIy6JiHaX 228 (,lJ,ep. Xa60HOBJiIJ:H, .D:H:BH:HCKOrO paHoHa)-
309 At (,lJ,ep. BPO,lJ,HTH:H, MaJIOpH:TCKOrO paHoHa). B rrpe,lJ,eJIax 3arra,lJ,HOH
qaCTH: f10,lJ,MOCKOBHoro apTe3H:aHCKOro 6acceHHa H: ceBepHoH qaCTJi BeJIo-
PYCCKoro rH,lJ,poreOJIOrH:qeCKOrO MaCCH:Ba KpOBJI5I ero rrOHH:LKaeTCH,lJ,O
585 At B r. BepXHe,lJ,BH:HCKe, ,lJ,0 682 At B J1eTuax, 6JIH:3 r. BH:Te6cKa, ,lJ,0
765 At B r. rOpO,lJ,Ke H: ,lJ,0 629 At B r. Opme. B 3arra,lJ,aOH qaCTH: f1pH:rrHT-
CKoro apTe3JiaHCKOro 6acceHHa OHa HaXO,lJ,H:TCH Ha rJIy6H:He 1224 At HJiLKe
rrOBepXHOCTH: 3eMJIH.
BO,lJ,OBMeIlJ,alOIlJ,H:e OTJIOLKeHH:H Ha TeppJiTOpHH: ceBepHbIx paRoHoB BeJIo-
PYCCH:H: rrpe,lJ,CTaB.TIeHbI KpaCHOUBeTHbIMH: H: rrecTpOUBeTHbIMH MeJIKO-, cpe,lJ,He-
H: KpyrrH03epHH:CTbIMH: cJIa60CueMeHTH:pOBaHHbIMH: rreCqaHH:KaMH: C rrpOCJIOH-
MH: rJIH:H, aJIeBpOJIH:TOB, rpaBeJIH:TOB H: KOHrJIOMepaTOB. B IOLKHOH qaCTH
BCCP OHH: CJIOLKeHbI KpacHoUBeTHbIMH, xopomocueMeHTH:pOBaHHbIMH
MeJIKO-, Cpe,lJ,He- H: KpyrrH03epHH:CTbIMH: rreCqaHH:KaMH, BHH:3Y TyrporeHHbIMH,
C rrpOCJI05lMH: r JIHH H: aJIeBpOJIHTOB C pa3J1H:IJ:HbIM CO,lJ,epLKaHHeM BYJIKaHO-
reHHoro MaTepJiaJIa. B TOJIIlJ,e rreCqaHH:KOB .3TOrO paHoHa Hepe,lJ,KO cO,lJ,ep-
LKaTCH rrpocJIoH: TyrpOB. Tyrp<pH:TOB, KOHrJIOMepaToB H: c06cTBeHHo .3<prpY3H:B-
HbIX rropo,lJ,. f10pH:CTOCTb H TpeIlJ,H:HOBaTOcTb rreCqaHH:KOB BeCbMa HepaBHo-
MepHaH, HO HaH:60JIbmaH OTMeIJ:aeTCH ,lJ,JIH HOpMaJIbHOOCa,lJ,OqHOH TOJIIlJ,H,
TOr.l1.a KaK rreCIJ:aHH:KH: Ty<poreHHO-OCa.l1.0IJ:HOH TOJIIlJ,H: xapaKTepH:3YIOTCH
MeHbmeH rrOpJiCTOCTblO, qTO orrpe,lJ,eJIHeT H: MeHbmylO H:X BO.l1.006H:JIbHOCTb.
CJIOLKeHHble qepe,lJ,YIOIlJ,HMHCH TOJ1IlJ,aMH pa3JIHIJ:HbIX rro BO,lJ,OrrpOHJil1.ae-
MOCTH rropo.l1. BO,lJ,OBMeIlJ,alOIlJ,Jie OTJIOLKeHH:5I, 06pa3YlOT p5l.l1. BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX
rOpJi30HTOB, KOTopble 6JIarO,lJ,apH IJ:aCTOH rrepeMeLKaeMOCTH BO,lJ,OCO,lJ,epLKa-
IlJ,H:X H: BO.l1.0HerrpOHJiuaeMbIX TOJIIlJ, H <pal1.H:aJIbHOH H:3MeHIJ:H:BOCTH JiX B Bep-
TH:KaJIbHOM pa3pe3e H: rro rrpOCTH:paHH:1O He Bcer,lJ,a pa3.l1.eJIeHbI BbI,lJ,epLKaH-
HbIMJi no rrJIOIlJ,a.l1.H: BO.l1.oyrropaMH:.
f10.l1.3eMHbIe BO.l1.bI .3TJiX rOpH:30HTOB m,lJ,paBJIJiqeCKH CBH3aHbI MeLK,lJ,y
C060H, rrpaKTHqeCKH: OHH 06pa3YlOT e.l1.HHbIH BO.l1.0HaCbIIlJ,eHHbIH KOMrrJIeKC,




XAPkKTEPHCTHKA BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX rOPH30HTOB


177


MOlll.HOCTb KOTOpOrO H3MeHHeTCH B llIHpOKOM .n:Harra30He, HO He rrpeBblwaeT
200-220 M. HaH60JlblllHe MOlll.HOCTH r.n:OBCKoro BOIl,OHOCHoro KOMrrJleKCa
OTMeqaIOTCH B ceBepHoll qaCTH .6eJIOPyccKoro MaCCHBa, r.n:e OHH ,lJ,OCTHraIOT
210 (r. MHHCK) - 217 M (,lJ,ep. KpHBHqH). B rrpe,lJ,eJlax J1aTBHllcKOH ce.L{JlO-
BHHbI I! OpwaHcKoH Brra.L{I!HbI MOlll.HOCTb BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMrrJIeKCa BapbI!pyeT
OT 115 (r. rOpO.L{OK) .L{O 350 M B paHoHe r. MOrHJleBa. B .6pecTcKoH Brra-
,lJ,I!He OHa rrpeBbIwaeT 200 M.
B ceBepo-3arra.n:HbIx I! IOrO-3arra.L{HbIX paHoHax .6eJlopyccI!I! r .L{OBCKI!H
BO.L{OHOCHbIll KOMrrJIeKC rrepeKpblBaeTC5I MOlll.HOH TOJIllI.ell Jl5IMI!HapI!TOBbIX
rJlI!H, KOTopbIe 5IBJI5IIOTC5I BepXHI!M .L{OCTaTOqHO BbI.L{ep)!{aHHbIM BO.L{oyrropoM,
OT,lJ,eJlHIOllI.I!M ero OT BbIWeJle)!{alll.I!X BO.L{OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB rraJIe030H-
CKI!X OTJlO)!{eHI!H. Ha OCTaJIbHOH TeppI!TOpl1I! BO.L{OBMelll.aIOllI.He OTJlO)!{eHI!H
r .L{OBCKOro BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMllJIeKCa IIepeKpbIBaIOTcH BO.L{OCO.L{ep)!{alll.I!MI!
IIOpO.L{aMI! Cpe.L{HerO .L{eBOHa, BepxHero MeJla, rraJleOreHOBbIX I! HeoreHOBbIX
OTJlO)!{eHI!H I!JlI! TOJIbKO qeTBepTI!qHbIX 06pa30BaHI!H. B MeCTaX BbIKJlI!HI!Ba-
HI!H OTJlO)!{eHI!H HapoBcKoro rOpI!30HTa, cpe.L{I! MOlll.HOH TOJllll.I! OCa.L{OqHbIX
IIOpO.L{, rroKpbIBaIOllI.I!x BO.n:OHOCHbIll KOMrrJleKC, HeT CKOJlbKO-HI!6Y.L{b BbI.L{ep-
)!{aHHbIX rro IIJlOlll.a.L{I! BO.L{0YIIOPHbIX rrepeKpbITI!ll, II03TOMY rrO.L{3eMHbIe
BO.L{bI r.L{OBCKOro BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMrrJleKCa rI!.L{paBJlI!qeCKI! CB5I3aHbI C BO.L{O-
HOCHbIMI! rOpI!30HTaMI! BbIIlleJle)!{alll.I!X OTJlO)!{eHI!H Me3030H I! KaHH0305I.
Ha TeppI!TOpI!I! .6eJlopyccI!I! r.L{OBCKI!H BO.L{OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC cO.L{ep-
)!{I!T IIO.L{3eMHbIe BO.L{bI pa3Horo XI!MI!qeCKOrO conaBa H MI!HepaJlI!3alJ.I!I!.
B lJ.eHTpaJlbHOH qaCTI! .6eJIOpyccKoro fII.L{pOreOJlOrI!qeCKOrO MaCCI!Ba, r.L{e
r.L{OBCKI!H BO.L{OHOCHbIH KOMrrJleKC 3aJleraeT rro.L{ MeJlOBbIMI!, rraJleOreHOBbIMI!,
HeoreHOBbIMI! I!JlI! TOJIbKO IIO.L{ qeTBepTI!qHbIMI! OTJlO)!{eHI!HMI!, OH cO.L{ep)!{I!T
rrpecHbIe rI!.L{poKap60HaTHO-KaJlblJ.I!eBbIe I!JlI! rI!.L{poKap60HaTHO-HaTpI!eBbIe
BO.L{bI C MI!HepaJJI!3alJ.I!ell OT 150 .L{O 410 M2/A. f10 Mepe rrorpy)!{eHI!5I ero
B CTOPOHY IIpI!JJeraIOllI.I!X apTe3I!aHCKI!X 6acceHHoB H y.L{aJJeHI!H OT 06JJaCTI!
ero III!TaHI!5I BO.L{006MeH C 3eMHoH rroBepxHocTbIO 3aMe.L{JJ5IeTC5I I! MI!HepaJJI!-
3alJ.I!5I 3aKJJIOqeHHbIX B HeM IIO.L{3eMHbIX BO.L{ 3aKOHOMepHO B03paCTaeT I!
B rJ1y60KI!X qaCT5IX 6accellHOB IIepeXO.L{I!T B paCCOJJbI XJJOPI!.L{HO-HaTpHeBoro
I!JJH XJJOpH.L{HO-KaJJblJ.HeBOrO THIIa BbICOKOH KOHlJ.eHTpalJ.HH. J],aHHbIe 0 XHMH-
qeCKOM COCTaBe IIO.L{3eMHbIX BO.L{ 3Toro KOMIIJJeKCa CBe.L{eHbI B Ta6JJ. 4 I.
HaH60JJee XOpOlliO IIO.L{3eMHbIe BO.L{bI H3yqeHbI B IIpe.L{eJlax .6eJJopyc-
CKoro rH.L{pOreOJJOrHIJ:eCKOrO MaCCHBa, r.L{e OHH 6bIJJH BCKpbITbI H HCrrOJlb-
3YIOTC5I MHOfIIMH 6ypOBbIMH CKBa)!{HHaMH. B paHoHe MHHcKa B r.L{OBCKOM
BO.L{OHOCHOM KOMIIJJeKCe BbI.L{eJl5IeTC5I .L{Ba BO.L{OHOCHbIX ropH30HTa, pa3JJH-
qaIOllI.HXC5I XHMHqeCKHM COCTaBOM H 06ll1.eH MHHepaJJH3alJ.HeH 3aKJJIOqeHHbIX
B HHX BO.L{.
BepxHHH BO.L{OHOCHbIH ropH30HT, 3aKJJIOqeHHbIH B rreCqaHHKaX HOp-
MaJJbHOOCa.L{OqHOH TOJJllI.H BOJlbIHO-BaJJ.L{aHCKOH cepHH, 3aJJeraIOllI.HH Ha rJJY-
6lIHe 230-240 M, CO.L{ep)!{HT rrpecHbIe BO.L{bI C 06ll1.eH MHHepaJJH3alJ.HeH
0,28---;-0,31 2/A. '
f10 XHMHqeCKoMy conaBY OHH OTHOC5ITC5I K THrry fII.L{pOKap60HaTHO-
H'<lTpHeBbIX HJlH rH.L{pOKap60HaTHO-HaTpHeBO-MarHHeBO-KaJJblJ.HeBbIX BO.L{.
f1be30MeTpHQeCKHH ypOBeHb 3Toro ropH30HTa rrO.L{HHMaeTC5I .L{O OTMeTOK
198,44-203, 19M a6c. BbICOTbI. f1poH3BO.L{HTeJJbHOCTb OT .L{eJlbHbIX CKBa)!{HH
KOJJe6JJeTC5I OT 30 .L{O 70 M 3 j t WC.
f10.L{3eMHble BO.L{bI HH)!{HerO ropH30HTa 3aKJIIOqeHbI B IIeCqaHHKaX H
aJJeBpOJJHTaX Ty<poreHHO-OCa.L{OQHOll TOJJllI.H, 3aJJeraIOllI.HX Ha r JJy6HHe
300-320 M. Ha TeppHTopHH MHHcKa OHH BCKpbITbI HeCKOJJbKHMI1 CKBa)!{H-
HaMH. f1be30MeTpHQeCKHe ypOBHH B HHX .L{OCTHraJJH OTMeTOK 176-196 M,
T. e. HeCKOJJbKO HH)!{e rrbe30MeTpHqeCKHX ypoBHeH BepXHero BO.L{OHOCHOro
ropH30HTa. J],e6HT CKBa)!{HH COCTaBJJ5IJJ 4,3 M 3 /tWC rrpH rrOHH)!{eHHH ypOBH5I
Ha 2 M OT CTaTHqeCKoro.
12 3aR. 04368




180


omlCAHHE nO.l1.3EMHbIX BO.l1.


BO,n:bJ 3TOrO rOpH30HTa COJJOHOBaTbIe H CHJJbHOCOJJOHOBaTbJe (4-
6 ciA.) XJlOpH.L{HO-HaTpHeBoro cocTaBa, HCrrOJlb3YIOTC5I KaK JIe'Ie6HO-nHTbe-
BbIe BO.L{bJ npH JJe'IeHHH )!{eJJY.L{O'-IHO-KHIlle'IHbIX 3a60JJeBaHHH.
IlpecHbIe BO.L{bI r.l1.0BCKOro BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMrrJleKCa, KpoMe r. MHHcKa,
BCKpbITbI H HCrrOJJb3YIOTC5I Ha TeppHTopHH OIllM5IHCKOrO, MOJJO.L{e'IHeHCKOro,
JIH.L{CKOrO H .L{PyrHx paHoHoB fpO.L{HeHCKOH 06JlaCTH, Ha TeppHTopHH He-
CBH)!{CKOrO paHoHa, MHHCKOIl 06JJaCTH, a TaK)!{e B p5I.L{e paHoHoB BpecTcKoH
06JJaCTH. BO.L{006HJlbHOCTb r.L{OBCKHX OTJJO)!{eHHH Ha TeppHTopHH 3THX pail-
OHOB HepaBHOMepHa5I, 'ITO 06'b5ICH5IeTC5I pa3JJH'IHbIM JJHTOJJOrH'IeCKHM COCTa-
BOM BO.L{OBMeUl.alOll1HX OTJlO)!{eHHH, HX Tpell1HHOBaTocTblO H rropHcToCTblO.
npOH3BO.L{HTeJJbHOCTb OT.L{eJIbHbIX CKBa)!{HH KOJJe6JJeTC5I OT 45 .L{O 72 M,3/ttac
B ceBepHbIx paHoHax BeJJOPyccKoro rH).!.poreOJlOrHlIeCKoro MaCCHBa H OT II
.L{O 60 M,3/ttac B 3arra.L{HOH H IOrO-3arra.L{HOH 1.JaCT5JX MaCCliBa.
BO.l1.bI BbICOKOH MHHepaJlH3alI.HH r.L{OBCKOro BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMrrJleKCa rro-
JIYlIeHbI B BepXHe.L{BHHCKe, fOpO.L{Ke, JIeTlI.ax, Ha 6epery 03. Hapo'Ib, 4aIll-
HHKax, OpIlle, MOrHJleBe, POralJeBe, B06PYHCKe, TbIlJHHaX H B p5I.L{e .L{pymx
rrYHKTOB.
J],aHHbIe 0 rJly6HHax li rrpOli3BO).!.HTeJlbHOCTH OT.ll.eJlbHbIX CKBa)!{HH, 3KC-
rrJlya THPYlOll1HX r .l1.0BCKHH BO.L{OHOCHbItI KOMrrJleKC, H rrbe30MeTpHlJeCKHe
ypOBHH B HHX rrpHBe,n:eHbI B Ta6Jl. 42.
l-I3 .L{aHHbIX Ta6JlHlI.bI BH.L{HO, liTO HaH60Jlee BbICOKHe rrbe30MeTpHlJe-
CKHe ypOBHH orrHCbIBaeMoro KOMrrJleKCa HaXO.L{5ITC5I B paHOHe r. MHHCKa, r.L{e
OHH .ll.OCTHraIOT OTMeTOK 198,44-203,19 M, a6c. BbICOTbI.
OT BeJlOpyccKoro m.L{poreoJlOmlJeCKOrO MaCCHBa B CTOPOHY rrpHJleralO-
ll1HX apTe3HaHcKHx 6acceHHoB rrbe30MeTpHlJeCKHe ypOBHH 3aKoHoMepHo
CHH)!{aIOTC5I. B rrpe,n:eJlax ceBepHoH lJaCTH BeJlOpyccKoro rH.l1.poreOJlOrHlJe-
CKoro MaCCHBa H 3arra.L{HOH lJaCTH Ilo.L{MocKoBHoro apTe3HaHcKoro 6acceH-
Ha OHH HaXO.ll.5ITC5I Ha OTMeTKax 113,8 (r. fOpO.l1.0K) - 136,0 M, (r. BepxHe-
,n:BIlHCK). B 3arra.L{HOH H IO)!{HOH lJaCT5IX BeJlOpyccKoro m.L{poreoJlomlJe-
CKoro MaCCHBa nbe30MeTpHlJeCKHe ypOBHH r.l1.0BCKOro BO.L{OHOCHoro KOM-
rr.rIeKca YCTaHaBJlHBaIOTC5I Ha OTMeTKax 137,5 M" B r. JIH,lJ,e, 149,0 .M
B r. rroc. I1BalI.eBHlJH, 124 M, B r. IlHHcKe a 148 M, B r. I1BaHoBe. CJle.L{OBa-
TeJlbHO, .L{BH)!{eHHe rrO.L{3eMHbIX BO).!. r .L{OBCKOro BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMrrJleKCa Ha-
TIpaBJleHO OT BeJlOpyccKoro rH).!.poreOJlOrHlJeCKOro MaCCHBa B CTOPOHY rrpH-
JleralOUJ.HX apTe3HaHcKHx 6acceHHoB. Ha 3arra).!.e .l1.peHa)!{ r).!.OBCKoro BO.L{O-
HOCHoro KOMTIJleKCa oCYll1eCTBJl5IeTC5I BTIa.L{HHOH BaJlTHHCKOro MOp5I lJepe3
IlpH6aJlTHHcKHH H BpecTcKHH apTe3HaHcKHe 6aCCeHHbI. Ha BOCTOKe .L{BH)!{e-
HHe rrO.L{3eMHbIX BO.l1. 3Toro B0.ll.OHOCHOro KOMrrJleKCa rrpOliCXO.L{HT B IlpH-
TI5ITCKHH apTe3HaHcKHH 6accenH H Ha ceBepo-BocToKe pecrry6JlHKH - B Ilo,lJ,-
MOCKOBHbIn apTe3HaHcKHn 6accenH.


BepXHenpomepo30iicKUii BOOOHOCHbtii KO.M.n.lteKC (Pt 2 bl)
BO.l1.0HOCHbIn KOMrrJleKC B OTJlO)!{eHIl5IX 6eJlOpyccKon cepHH BepxHero
rrpoTep0305I Ha TeppHTopHH HMeeT .ll.OBOJlbHO IllHpoKoe pacrrpoCTpaHeHlie.
OH rrpOCJIe)!{HBaeTC5I IllHpoKoil IIOJlocoil, rrpoCTHpalOll1eHC5I OT ceBepHblx
panoHoB BOJlblHH Ha IOrO-3arra).!. BCCP .L{O ceBepO-BOCT01J.HbIX II BOCTOlJHbIX
ee rpaHHlI., YXO.L{5I ,n:aJlee Ha ceBepo-BocTOK PYCCKOH rrJlaTcpopMbI. 3aJleraeT
BO).!.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJleKC Ha pa3MbIToH rroBepxHocTH KpHCTaJlJlHlJeCKHX rropo.l1.
cpYH.L{aMeHTa H rrepeKpbIBaeTC5I OT JlO)!{eHH5IMH BOJlbIHO-BaJl.L{anCKOn cepHH
HJlH rropo).!.aMH .L{eBOHCKHX, MeJlOBbIX, rraJleOreHOBbIX, HeoreHOBbIX HJlH TOJlbKO
lJeTBepTHlJHbIX OTJlO)!{eHHH. nO.L{3eMHbIe BO.L{bI 3Toro BO.L{OHOCHOro KOMIT.'IeKCa
He OT.L{eJleHbI BO.L{oyrropaMH HH OT Tpell111HHbIX BO.L{ KpHCTaJlJlHlIeCKHX rropo).!.
cpYH.L{aMeHTa, HI-! OT rrOKpbIBalOll1HX ero BO.L{OHOCHbIX KOMIIJleKCOB BOJlblHO-
BaJl;'l.aucKoil cepHH, ).!.eBOHa H Me30-KaHH0305I.




XAPAiI<TEPHCTHKA BO.ll.OHOCHbiX rOPH30HTOB 181
T a 6 JI H IJ: a 42
OCHoBHble rH
pOreOJIOrHqeCKHe )!.aHHble no r)!.oBcKoMy BO)!.OHOCHOMy KOMnJIeKcy
r
y611Ha r
y6HHa aaJIe- BCKpbl- r
y6HHa .lI.e6HT,
CKB., M TaSl 3a
leraHH5I
('IHC
H- raHIHI KpOBJIH Mom- nbe30MeTpH- M'jqac
Te
b) BOJJ.OHOCHoro qeCKOfo ('IHC
H- YJ\e
b-
MeCTOHaXO)K.lI.eHHe ropH30HTa, M HQCTb Te
b) HbIH
a6c. OTM. BOJJ.O- ypOBlHl, M
CKB3.>KHH JJ.e6HT,
YCTb. HOCHoro nOHH)K. M'fqac
CKB., M OT ITO-' a6c. KQMn- OT ITO-/ a6c. YPOBHSI, M
(aHaMeHa- BepXH. OYM. .'1eKCa, BepXH. OTM. (3HaMeHa-
TeJlb) 3eMJIH KpOBJIH M 3eMJrH Te
b)
rOp0J( BepxHeJ(BI1HCK 594,36 585,69 -469,69 8,67 +20,0 136 25,0 12,50
BI1Te6cKoH 06JI. II 6,0 2:0
ropOJ( rOpOJ(OK BI1Te6- 1261,3 765,80 -593,30 115,10 158,7 113,8 113 0,06
CKOH 06JI. 172,50 20,4
LJ:ep. Kyna M5IJJ.eJIbCKO- 540,9 341,00 -174,0 195,10 +0,5 167,5 24,0
ro p-Ha BI1Te6cKoH 06JI. 167,0 HeT CBeJJ..
LJ:ep. KpI1BW!I1 BI1Te6- 485,0 260,0 -90,0 217,50
CKOH 06JI. 159,6
ropoJ( CMoproHb fpoJ(- 365,0 236,0 -91,0 111,0 CaMO- 145,0
HeHCKOH 06JI. 145,0 I13JI.
LJ:ep. ITJIe6aHIJ:bI OIll- 267,0 235,0 -25,0 32,0 9,0 201,0 72,0 4,50
M5IHCKOrO p-Ha rpOJ(HeH - 210,0 l6,O
CKOH 06JI.
LJ:ep. J1Y)KOK Mo.10J(eq- 251,0 220,0 -20,0 31 22,0 178,0 45,0 1,02
HeHCKoro p-Ha rpOJJ.HeH- 200,0 44,0
CKOH 06JI.
ropoJ( MHHCK, 06JIaCT- 580,0 222,61 210,8 16,2 199,8 1,9
Ha5I 60JIbHHl\a 193,70 HeT CBeJJ..
ropoJJ. MI1HCK, HOBI1H- 286,0 233,0 -26,06 -53,0 8,50 198,44 60,0 3,40
KOBCKI1H BOJJ.03a60p 206,94 I7,5
rop0J( MHHCK, fIeTpo- 294,0 236,0 -23,81 58,0 9,0 208,19 67,0 ----
BeIl.\I1HCKI1H BOA03a60p 212,19 l5,O 4,46
LJ:ep. 4aHOBI1QI1 Hec- 246,0 221,0 -21,0 25,0 15,0 185,0 16,0 3,20
BI1)KCKOrO p-Ha MI1HCKOH 200,0 5;0
06JI.
LJ:ep. nOJIOHeQH5! fopo- 193,0 170,0 +5,0 23,0 28,0 147,0 23,5 1,00
J(I1Il.\eHCKoro p-Ha BpecT- 175,0 23,4
CKOH 06JI.
LJ:ep. CaBI1QI1 ropOJ(I1- 214,0 161,5 +3,5 52,5 9,0 154,0 40,0 4,44
Il.\eHCKoro p-Ha BpecTcKoi! -----r65 9;0
06JI.
ropoJ( B06pyikK, caHa- 342,0 207,5 63,90 124,0 +1,72 145,32 17,20 1,08
TOpHH 11M. B. H. JleHI1Ha 143,60 l5,9
fop OJ( J1I1JJ.a rp0J(HeH- 258,0 200,0 -50,0 82,60 12,50 137,50 60,0 6,0S.
CKOH 06.
. 150,0 9,50




182


OnI1CAHHE nO.n.3EMHblX BO.n.


B CeBepHbIX H CeBepO-BOCT01J.HbIX paHOHaX BeJIOpYCClUl rrO.n.3eMHble
BO.n.bI ::noro BO.n.OHOCHOrO KOMrrJIeKCa 3 a KJIlO1J.eHbI B OTJI02KeHI-I5lX opIllaH-
CKOH CBHTbI, 3aJIeralOll.I,HX Herrocpe.n.CTBeHHO Ha KpHCTaJIJIH1J.eCKHX rropo.n.ax
<PYH.n.aMeHTa. Bo.n.OBMell.l,alOll.I,HMH rropo.n.aMH HBJIHIOTC51 Tpell.l,HHOBaTble H
nopHCTple pa3HOCTH KHprrH1J.HO-KpaCHbIX HJIH p030BbIX rreC1J.aHHKOB, MeJIKO- H
cpe.n:He3epHHCTbIX, pe2Ke KpyrrHo3epHHCTbIX, a TaK2Ke KpyrrH03epHHCTbIX
aJIeBpOJIHTOB, C rro.n.1J.HHeHHbIMH rrpOCJI051MH rJIHH. MOll.l,HOCTb Bo.n:OCo.n.ep-
2Kall.l,HX neClJaHHKOB H aJIeBpOJIHTOB H3MeHHeTC51 OT 325 M B paHoHe r. OpIllH
)1,0 595 M B paHoHe r. MOrHJIeBa.
Ha lOre H IOrO-3arra.n:e BeJIOpyccHH Bo.n:OBMell.l,alOll.I,He rropo.n:bI BepxHe-
rrpoTep030HcKoro BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa rrpe.n:cTaBJIeHbI cepbIMH H Kpac-
HOUBeTHbIMH, cJIa60CueMeHTHpoBaHHbIMH MeJIKO- H cpe.n:He3epHHcTbIMH rree-
4aHHKaMH H KpyrrH03epHHcTbIMH aJIeBpOJIHTaMH rrHHCKOH CBHTbl. B TOJIll.I,e
Bo.n:OBMell.l,alOll.I,HX OTJI02KeHHH BCTpe4alOTcH rrpOCJIOH rJIHHHCTbIX aJIeBpOJIH-
TOB H r JIHH, KOTopble 1J.aCTO .n:eJI51T BO.n.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC Ha HeCKOJIbKO
BO.n:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB. MOll.l,HOCTb BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa B I02KHbIX
pai10Hax BCCP KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 332 M B .n:ep. TbI1J.HHbI JII06aHcKoro paHoHa
.n:o 376 M B r. IlHHcKe H .n:o 411 M B .n:ep. JIY1J.KH B06PYHcKoro paHoHa.
Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP BO.n:OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC BepxHero rrpoTep03051
BCKpbIT CKBa2KHHaMH B fopoLLKe, JIeTuax 6JIH3 r. BHTe6cKa, OpIlle, MorH-
JIeBe, MHHCKe, CT. J],oporax, JIorHIllHHe, IlHHcKe H p51.n:e .n:pyrHx rrYHKTOB.
.D:aHHble 0 rJIy6HHe 3a.rreraHH51 BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa, rrbe30MeTpH1J.eCKHX
ypOBHHX H rrpOH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOCTH OT.n:eJIbHbIX CKBa2KHH rrpHBe.n:eHbI B Ta6JI. 43.
KaK BH.n:HO H3 Ta6JIHUbI, BblCOKoe rrOJI02KeHHe BepxHerrpoTep030HcKHH
BO.n:OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC 3aHHM aeT B rrpe.n:eJIax I02KHOH 1J.aCTH BeJIOpyccKoro
rH.n:poreOJIOrH1J.eCKOrO MaccHBa, r.n:e rJIy6HHa ero 3aJIeraHH51 He rrpeBbIIllaeT
100-152 M, a OTMeTKH KpOBJIH .n:OCTHraIOT 57-71 M a6c. BbICOTbI.
Ha ceBepo-BocTOK H BOCTOK OT BeJIOpyccKoro rH.n:poreOJIOrH1J.eCKOrO
MaCCHBa, T. e. B CTOPOHY Ilo.n:MocKoBHoro apTe3HaHcKoro 6acceHHa, KpOBJIH
BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa CHH2KaeTC51 Ha rJIy6HHY .n:o 709 M B JIeTuax (6JIH3
r. BHTe6cKa), .n:o 881 At 'B fopo.n:Ke, .n:o 769 At B r. OpIlle H .n:o 711 At B paii-
OHe r. MOrHJIeBa. B rrpe.n:eJIax IlpHrr51TcKoro apTe3HaHCKoro 6acceHHa
KpOBJIH ::noro BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa orrYCKaeTCH .n:o 1326 M B .n:ep. TbI1J.H-
HbI, JII06aHcKoro paHoHa, .n.o 1728 M B .n:ep. QepBOHa51 CJI060.n:a H .n:o
3214 M B r. rroc. KorraTKeBH1J.H.
Ilbe30MeTpHlJecKHe ypOBHH BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa BepxHero rrpoTe-
p03051 HaH60JIbIllHX OTMeTOK .n.OCTHraIOT Ha rrJIOll.l,a.n:H BeJIOpyccKoro rH.n:po-
reOJIOrH1J.eCKOrO MaCCHBa. B OT.n:eJIbHb!X CKBa2KHHaX OHH rro.n:HHMaIOTC51 .n.o
OTMeTOK 157,9 (162,7*) M B r. MHHcKe, 159 At Ha 2K.-.n:. CT. faHueBH1J.H,
159 M B r. rroc. JIOrHIllHHe, 149 At B r. rroc. CT. J],oPOrH, 141 At B r. IlHHcKe
H T. .n:. B rrpe.n:eJIax 3arra.n:HoH 1J.aCTH Ilo.n:MocKoBHoro apTe3HaHCKoro 6ac-
ceHHa rrbe30MeTpH1J.eCKHe ypOBHH ::noro BO.n:oHocHoro KOMrrJIeKCa rrOHH2Ka-
IOTCH .n:o OTMeTOK 132 (169,2 M) B paHoHe MOrHJIeBa, 111,0 (156,7 M)
B OpIlle, 103,1 (163,8) At B JIeTuax H 105 (173,3) M B fopo.n:Ke.
Bo.n:006HJIbHOCTb BepxHerrpoTep030HcKoro BO.n:OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa He-
paBHoMepHaH H BCeueJIO 3aBHCHT OT JIHTOJIOrHH Bo.n:OBMell.l,alOll.I,HX rropo.n..
HaH60JIbIllaH rrpoH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOCTb OT.n:eJIbHbIX CKBa2KHH Ha6JIIO.n:aeTC51
B I02KHOH 1J.aCTH BeJIOpyccKoro rH.n:poreOJIOrH1J.eCKOrO MaCCHBa, r.n:e .n:e6HTbI
.n:OCTHraIOT 42-45 M 3 /'iaC rrpH rrOHH2KeHHH ypOBH51 Ha 7,85-14,0 M OT CTa-
TH1J.eCKoro. B ceBepHoH 1J.aCTH BeJIOpyccKoro rH.n:poreOJIOrH1J.eCKOrO MaCCHBa
H Ha TeppHTopHH 3arra.n:Hoii 1J.aCTH Ilo.n:MocKoBHoro apTe3HaHcKoro 6accefi-
Ha rrpoH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOCTb CKBa2KHH He rrpeBbIIllaeT 6,3-16,4 M 3 /'iaC rrpH rro-
HH2KeHHH rrbe30MeTpH1J.eCKOrO ypOBHH Ha 2,8-3,3 M.


* B cK06Kax rrOKa3aHbI ypOBHI1, rrpI1BeJ(eHHbIe K eJ(I1HI1l\e YJ(eJIbHOrO Beca.




XAPAiK1'EPHCTHKA BO.nOHOCHbix rOPH30HTOB


183


T a 6 JI H U a 43


OCHOBHble rH)!.poreOJIOrH'IeCKHe )!.aHHble no BepxHenpoTepo30iicKoMy BO)!.OHOCHOMy KOMnJIeKcy


fJIy6HHa fJIy6HHa 3aM- BCKpbl- . fJIy6HHa .l1e6HT,
CKB., .At 3aJleraHHSl
raHHH KpOBJIH TaH .w/qac
('IHCJIH- Mom;- nbe30MeTpH-
TeJIb) BOJI.OHQCHoro qeCKOro ('IHCJIH- YlleJIb-
MeCTOHaXQmlleHHe ropH30HT3, .At HOCTb TeJIb) Hblii
CKBamHH a6c. OTM. BO.lI.O- YPOBHH, ..!l lle6HT
YCTbH HQCHoro nOHH)K. ..!l3/qac
CKB., .At OT no-' a6c. KOMII- OT no-j a6c. YPOBHH, .M
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. JleKCa, BepXH. OTM. * (3HaMeHa-
TeJIb) 3eMJIH KpOBJIH ..!l 3eMJlH TeJIb)
0,54
20,7
1 38,95
6,95
0,17
HeT CBeJJ..
-
0
0 6,33
2,80
II ,8
6,20
0 4,21
'T6O
0 16,4
3:3
0 11,1
HeT CBeJJ..
16,2
3;0
45,0


25,2
27T
20,0
34,0
-
27,3
HeT CBeJJ..
12,0 1
OT
42,5
7]5


fopo.n: fOpO.n:OK BI1Te6-
CKOH 06JJ.


CaHaTQ.pI1H «J1eTl\bI»
BI1Te6cKOH 06JI.


r. noc. 4alllHI1KH Bu-
Te6cKoH 06.'1.


fopoJJ. Opilla BI1Te6-
CKOH 06JI.


fopoJJ. MUHCK, 06JIaCT-
Ha5I 60JIbHI1l\a


LJ:OM OT.n:bIxa «)I\.n:aHo-
BH'JH» MHHCKOH 06JI.


LJ:ep. BI1JIb'JI1l\bI Mom-
JIeBCKOH 06JI.


r. noc. CT. LJ:opom
MI1HCKOH 06JI.


CT: f aHl\eBWlH opeer-
CKOH 06JI.


f. noc. J10rUillI1H
opecTcKoH 06JI.
f. noc. I1Bal\eBlltJI1
BpecTcKoH 06JI.


CT. 51HYB TIOJleCCKUH
BpecTcKoH 06JI.


fopOil: ilUHCK opeCT-
CKOH 06JI.


LJ:ep. ilI1HKOBI1tJI1 opeCT-
CKOi'I 06JI.


LJ:ep. ilapaXOMCK
opeCTCKOH 06JI.


LJ:ep. J1YHI1H opeCT-
CKOH 06JI.


CT. J1YHUHel\ opeCT-
'CKOH 06JI.


1261,30
172,60
803,2
137,5
684,55
130,0
1094,25
159,50
523,3
215,90
477,0
2II,5
1310,5
160
168,62
155,0
183,27
160,0 -
125,0
170,0
156,0
155,0
200,0
150,0
125,0
135,0
470,50
138,19
114,67
139,91
150,0
140,0
130,0
133,0


105,0
173,3
103,
163,8
139,5
164,3
111,6
156,7
157,9
162,7
158,5
161,6
132,8
169,2
152,51 2,49 16,II 7,20 147,8


880,90 -708,40380,40 67,5


709,5 -572,0 93,7 34,4


612,3 -477,3 36,25 +4,5


769,05 -609,55 325,20 47,90


441,50 -225,60 78,85 58,0


427,0 -215,5 37,0 53,0


7II,0 -551,0 595;0 27,2


II 9,22 40,78 64,05 0,90 159,1


99,0 7I,0 20,0 II ,0 159,0


152,0 3,0 4,0 6,0 149,0


100,89 84-,74- 134,75 2,0 148,0


100,0 35,0 25,0 11,0 124


81,0


57,19 376,0


4,47 133,72


73,81 66,10 40,86 0,91 139,0


73,0


67,0 77,0


2,50 137,50


67,0


66,0 38,0


1,85 131,15


* B 3HaMeHaTeJIe nOKa3aHbJ ypOBHH, npI1Be)!.eHHbJe K eAI1HI1l\e YJJ.eJIbHOrO Beta.


0,02


5,50


2,27


1,9


2,6


4,9


5,4


3,21


0,91


0,6


7,1


5,4




184


OITHCAHHE ITO)],3EMHbIX BO)],


fJIy6HHa rJIy6HHa 3aJIe- BCKpbI- f JIy6HHa JJ.e6HT,
CKB., .M. 33JIeraJ1J151
raHH5I KpOBJIH TaK .M,3Jttac
('1HCJIH- MOW- nbe30MeTpH-
TeJIb) BO.u.OHOCHoro qeCKoro ('1HCJIH- YlIeJIb-
MeCTOllaJW>KlIeHHe ropH30HTa, At HOCTb Te,'b) HblH
CKB3mHH a6c. OTM. BO.nO- ypOBHK, M. lle6HT,
YCTbK HOCHoro nOHH)K. ,M3/ ttac
CKB., .M OT no-' a6c. KQMn- OT no-/ a6c. ypOBHK, M.
(3HaMeHa- BepXH. OTM. JleKca. BepXH. OTM. * (3HaMeHa-
TeJIb) 3eMJIU KPOBJIH M. 3eMJIH TeJIb)
CT. rOpbIHb BpecTcKoH 80,0 75,5 76,50 4,50 11,50 140,50 19,80 5,6
06JJ. 152,0

LJ:ep. Tbl'JHHbl MHHCKOiI 1660,70 1326,0 1181,0 332,7 - - 0,67 0,002
06JJ. 145,0 263,0
LJ:ep. 4epBoHa51 CJJ060- 2126,7 1728,0 -1595,0 225 166,0 -33 1,9 0,06
JJ.a MHHCKOH 06JJ. 133,0 30


f1pOJJ.OJJ)KeHI1e Ta6JJ. 43


Ha TeppHTopHH IO)!{HOH IJ:aCTlI BeJIOPYCCKoro rliApOreOJIOrHIJ:eCKOrO
MaCCHBa nO)],3eMHbIe BO)],bI BepXHenpOTep030HCKoro KOMnJIeKCa - npecHbIe
H OTHOCHTCH B OCHOBHOM K rHAPOKap60HaTHO-KaJIbUHeBOMY THny. B ceBep-
HOH IJ:aCTli BeJIOPYCCKoro rli)],poreOJIorlllleCKoro MaCCHBa, a TaK)!{e B npe-
,Il,eJIax 3ana)],HOH IJ:aCTH DOAMOCKOBHoro H DpHnHTcKoro apTe3HaHCKlix 6ac-
ceilHoB, r,n:e OTJIO)!{eHI1H BepXHero npOTep030H norpY:>KalOTCH Ha 60JIbIllYIO
r JIy6HHY, OHli cOAep)!{aT MHHepaJIH30BaHHble BOAbI H paCCOJIbI C MHHepaJIli-
3aUI1eH OT 110,7 (r. fOpO,n:OK) ,n:o 165 ciA (,n:ep. TbIIJ:HHbI) li 60JIee. 00
XHMHIJ:eCKOMY COCTaBY OHH OTHOCHTCH K THny XJIOpHAHO-HaTplieBbIX BO,lI,
(Ta6JI. 44).


llpomepo30UCKo-apxeUC1WU BOi)OHOCHbIU KO.Mn./leKC (Pt 1 + A)
KpI1CT aJIJIlllleCKI1e nopo,n:bI <PYH,lI,aMeHTa Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP BCKpbI-
TbI MHOrI1MH CKBa:>KI1Hal\1li, HO BO,lI,OHOCHOCTb liX H3YIJ:eHa Bce eIll,e cJIa60.
TpeIll,I1HHbIe BO,lI,bI B nopo,n:ax <PYH,n:aMeHTa li B npo,n:YKTax HX BbIBeTpHBaHliH
BCKpbITbI B HeMHorI1X nYHKTax Ha nJIOIll,aAH BeJIOPyccKoro rHApOreOJIOrH-
IJ:eCKOrO MaCCI1Ba. Ha OCTaJIbHOH TeppliTOpHI1 BeJIOPycCHI1 no,n:3eMHbIe BO,lI,bI
B nopO,Il,ax <PYH,lI,aMeHTa He KOHCTaTI1pOBaHW, HO HaJIHlJHe I1X B YKa3aHHWX
06pa30BaHI1HX HliKeM He ocnapHBaeTCH.
OCHOBHblMli nYTHMH UHPKYJIHUHli nO,lI,3eMHbIX BO,'L B KpHCTaJIJIlllleCKI1X
nopo,n:ax <PYH,n:aMeHTa HBJIHIOTCH TpeIll,liHbI. Cpe,lI,li TpeIll,HH TeKTOHHIJ:eCKOrO
npOHCXO:>K,II,eHI1H Bbl,Il,eJIHIOTCH TpeIll,liHbl Tpex HanpaBJIeHI1H - Cy6IllI1pOT-
Horo, ceBepO-3anaAHoro li ceBepO-BOCTOlJHOrO (XOTbKO, BOHAapeHKo, 1956).
TpeIll,I1HOBaTOcTb KpI1CTaJIJII1IJ:eCKliX nopOA, o6pa30BaHHaH 3K30reHHbIMH
npoueccaMli, YHaCJIe,lI,OBaHa TeKTOHHIJ:eCKHMH TpeIll,HHaMI1 li n03TOMY co-
xpaHHeT OpI1eHTlipOBKY, OTBeIJ:alOII1.YIO OCHOBHbIM TeKTOHHlJeCKHM HanpaBJIe-
HHHM (Ba6HHeu, 1961).
TpeII1.liHOBaTocTb KpI1CTaJIJII1lJeCKliX nopo,n: ,n:OBO.'IbHO HepaBHOMepHaH.
KaK nOKa3aJIH Ha6JIIOAeHHH E. M. MaXJIHHa, A. C. MaXHaIJ:a, A. M. Dana
H ,n:PyrI1X HCCJIe,n:oBaTeJIeH, OHa 3aBI1CHT OT B03paCTa 11 neTporpa<plilJeCKOrO
COCTaBa nopo,Il" rJIy6liHbI 3aJIeraHHH H T. A. Hali60JIbIllaH TpeIll,HHOBaTOCTb,
a CJIe,n:OBaTeJIbHO, li HaH60JIbIllaH 06BO,lI,HeHHOCTb OTMelJaeTCH B ,n:peBHI1X
MeTaMop<pI1IJ:eCKliX TOJIIll,aX H oco6eHHO B MeJIKOKpHCTaJIJIHIJ:eCKHX rHeHcax,
Tor,n:a KaK 60JIee MOJIo,n:bIe no B03paCTY KOMnJIeKCbI nopo,n: XapaKTepI13Y-
IOTCH 06bIIJ:HO rOpa3,lI,O MeHbIlleH TpeII1.HHOBaTOCTblO H MaJIOH BOAOo6HJIb-
HOCTblO.




XkPAKTEPHCTHKA BO
OHOCHUX rOPH30HTOB


185


MOIIJ,HOCTb TpeIIJ,HHOBaTOn 30Hbl KpHCTaJIJIHlIeCKHX IIOpO,lJ. Ha TeppHTO-
pHl! BCCP IIOKa He YCTaHOBJIeHa. B ceBepO-3aIIa,lJ.HOn lJaCTH YKpaHHCKoro
rH,lJ.poreOJIOrHlJeCKOrO MaCCHBa, KOTopbln lJaCTHlIHO 3aHHMaeT H KpaHHHe
IO)!{Hble panOHbl TeppHTopHH BeJIOpYCCHH, OHa
ocTHraeT 200 At H 6oJIee,
HaH6oJIbIlIa5J TpeIlI,HHOBaTocTb KpHCTaJIJIHlIeCKHx nopo,lJ., 06pa3YIOIIJ,a5J 30HY
HHTeHcHBHoH lJ.HpKymlIl,HH IIo,lJ.3eMHblx BO,lJ., IIO ,lJ.aHHbIM J1. B. J1HlJKOBa
(1930), K. I1. MaKoBa (1947), K. H. BapaBa (1959), A. <P. PY,lJ.eHKO
(1958), A. E. Ba6HHlJ.a (1961) H ,lJ.PyrHx HCCJIe
OBaTeJIen, IIpOCJIe)!{HBaeTC5I
Ha rJIy6HHY ,lJ.O 60--100 At OT KpOBJIH KpHCTaJI
HlJeCKHX IIOpO,lJ..
OCHoBHble rH,lJ.poreOJIOrHlIeCKHe ,lJ.aHHble IIO CKBa)!{HHaM, BCKpblBIlIHM
TpeIIJ,HHHble BO,lJ.bl B KpHCTaJIJIHlJeCKHX IIopO,lJ.aX <PYH,lJ.aMeHTa, CBe,lJ.eHbl
B Ta6JI. 45.
I13 Ta6JIHlJ.bl BH,lJ.HO, lJTO TpeIIJ,HHHble BO,lJ.bl KpHCTaJIJIHlJeCKHX IIOpO,lJ. H
IIpO,lJ.YKTOB HX BblBeTpHBaHH5I B panOHe BeJIOpyccKoro rH,lJ.poreOJIOrHlJeCKorO
MaCCHBa 3aJIeralOT Ha rJIy6HHe OT 21,2 (r. IIOC. MHKaIlIeBHlJH) ,lJ.O 259,0 M
(
ep. fpHlJ.KH BOJIKOBblCKoro p-Ha), 287,0 At (r. HOBorpY,lJ.OK) HJIH Ha OT-
MeTKax 110,0--(--74,0) At a6c. BbICOTbI. Ha oKpaHHax MaCCHBa TpeIIJ,HH-
Hble BO,lJ.bl, KaK H BMeIIJ,alOIIJ,He HX IIOpO,lJ.bl, BCKpblBaIOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe
516,0 At B r. IIOC. CBHCJIOlJH fpo,lJ.HeHcKon 06JIaCTH H Ha rJIy6HHe 420-
523 At B p-He MHHcKa.
OO,lJ.3eMHble BO,lJ.bl, 3aKJIIOlJeHHble B TpeIIJ,HHaX KpHcTa.riJIHlJeCKHX nopo,lJ.,
o6pa3YIOT 3,lJ.eCb e,lJ.HHbln BO,lJ.OHOcHbln ropH30HT, IIbe30MeTpHlJeCKa5I IIoBepx-
HOCTb KOToporo o6pa3yeT p5I,lJ. BbIIIYKJIOCTen, cooTBeTcTBYIOIIJ,HX 06JIaCT5IM
IIHTaHH5I TpeIIJ,HHHbIX BO,lJ., H ,lJ.eIIpeccHH, COBIIa,lJ.alOIIJ,HX C 30HaMH pa3rpY3-
KH. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT YCJIOBHn 3aJIeraHH5I KpHCTaJIJIHlJeCKHX IIOpO,lJ. BeJIH-
lIHHa HaIIopa H3MeH5IeTC5I B 3HalJHTeJIbHblX IIpe,lJ.eJIax. Ha YlJaCTKaX Mac-
CHBa, r,lJ.e IIoBepxHocTb <PYH,lJ.aMeHTa IIpHIIO,lJ.H5ITa, BeJIHlJHHa HaIIopa He IIpe-
BblIlIaeT 100--110 At Ha,lJ. KpOBJIen KpHCTaJIJIHlJeCKHX IIOpO,lJ.. Ha oKpaHHax
MaCCHBa, r.Lie KpHCTaJIJIHlJeCKHe IIOpO,lJ.bl IIorpy)!{aIOTC5I Ha 3HalJHTeJIbHYIO
rJIy6HHY IIO,n: MOIIJ,HYIO TOJIIIJ,Y oca,n:OlJHblX IIOpO,lJ., OHH ,lJ.OCTHraIOT 397 .M
(YPOlJ. 3eJIeHoe) H 6oJIee.
Obe30MeTpHlIecKHe ypOBHH B IIpe,lJ.eJIax BeJIOPyccKoro rH,n:poreOJIorH-
lIeCKOrO MaCCHBa YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe OT 0,68 ,lJ.O 38,0 At HH)!{e
3eMHon IIoBepxHocTH HJIH Ha OTMeTKax 130,5-245,0 At a6c. BbICOTbI. I1HTe-
peCHO IIPH 3TOM OTMeTHTb, lJTO HaH60JIee BblCOKHe OTMeTKH YPOBHen Tpe-
IIJ,HHHbIX BO,n: Ha6JIIO,lJ.aIOTC5I B paHOHe MHHCKon (ypOlJ. 3eJIeHOe -
201,55 At) H HOBorPY,lJ.cKOn (r. HOBorPY,lJ.oK -- 245,0 At) B03BbIIlIeHHocTen,
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HblX TImOB pelKHMa OTMeqalOTCH .3JIeMeHTbl KapcToBoro pelKHMa 1I,JIH BOA
MepreJIbHO-MeJJOBOH TOJIilJ,H BepXHero MeJIa. B rropo,D,ax <PYH1I,aMeHTa
YKpaHHcKoro KpHCTaJIJIHqeCKOrO ilJ,HTa (3aX01l,HilJ,erO Ha TeppHTopHIO ECCP
Ha KpaHHeM lOre) OTMeqalOTCH CBOH Crreu,H<pHqeCKHe qepTbI KOlle6aHHi1
ypOBHH npHypOqeHHb1X K HHM Tpelli.HHHb1X B01l" 3aKJIlOqalOlli.HeCH B pe3KHX
H qaCTb1X nO)J,'beMaX ypOBHH, CBH3aHHblX C BbIrra)J,eHHeM aTMoc<pepHb1X oca,D,-
KOB, BeceHHHM CHerOTaHHHeM, OTTerreJ1HMH B 3HMHHH H rrpe,D,BeCeHHHi'r
rrepH01l,bI.
B KOJIe6aHHHx ypOBHH rr01l,3eMHblX B01l, B TeqeHHe rH1I,pOJIOrWleCKHX
r01l,0B, OrpaHHqeHHbIX JIeTHe-OceHHHMH MHHHMYMaMH CTOHHHH ypOBIDI n01l,-
3eMHbiX H rroBepxHocTHblX B01l" OTMeqalOTCH 1I,Ba OCHOBHblX n01l,'beMa ypOBHfl
(pHC. 14, IS, 16): BeceHHHH, 06b1qHO HaHBb1ClllHH B r01l,Y, H oceHHe-3HMHH}I.
r1pH OTHOCHTeJIbHO MaJIOM KOJ1HqeCTBe aTMoc<pepHblX OCa1l,KOB oceHHe-3HM-
HHH n01l,'beM ypOBHH rrO,D,3eMHbIX BO,D, MOlKeT HMeTb He3HaqHTeJIbHYIO BeJIH-
qHHY HJJH BOBce OTCYTcTBoBaTb. B 3TOM CJIyqae ypoBeHb rr01l,3eMHblX BO,Zl
B 06ilJ,eM HenpepbIBHo CHHlKaeTCH OT BeceHHero MaKcHMyMa lLO rroclle1l,YIO-
ilJ,ero HOB oro BeceHHero ero nOlL'beMa, OCJIOlKHHHCb HHorlLa He60JlbWHMH
rrOBblweHHHMH YPOBHH B oceHHe-3HMHHlI nepHOlL. T aKOH lLJIHTeJIbHb1H cr1a , '1,
ypOBHH nO,D,3eMHb1X H nOBepXHOCTHblX BOlL OTMeqeH, B qaCTHOCTH, J],J1H
J1eTHe-oceHHero nepHO,D,a 1953 r. H nocJIeJ],YIOilJ,ero 3HMHero rrepHolLa 19541.,
a MaJIblH oceHHe-3HMHHH rrOlL'beM ypOBHH lLJ1H 1951-1952 rHlLp0J10rHqe-
CKoro rO,D,a (BoCTOqHaH rrOJIOBHHa I10JIeCbH). 3TO OTqeTJIHBO BHlLHO Ha rpa-
<pHKax (CM. pHC. 14, 15, 16), qTO OTMeqaJIOCb TaKlKe B 0n.y6JIHKOBaHHblx
paHee pa60Tax (KHCeJIeB, 1961; K03JIOB, illHJIHHCKaH, 1961; JIaBpoB, Kop-
HHeHKO, 1961). OTCYTcTBHe oceHHe-3HMHero rrOlL'beM a ypOBHH B 1953-1954
rH,D,pOJIOrHqeCKOM rOlLY 06'bHCHHeTcH MaJIblM KOJIHqeCTBOM aTMoc<pepHblX
ocalLKOB B rrepBoH X0J10lLHOH qeTBepTH rHlLpoJIOmqeCKOrO rOlLa (3a IV
KBapTaJJ), KorJ],a BblITaJIO HaHMeHblllee KOJIHqeCTBO aTMoc<pepHblX ocalLKoB
3a BeCb rrepHolL Ha6JJIOlLeHHH C 1947 rro 1962 1. (lLJIH paHoHa fJ1yccKa KOJ1H-
qeCTBO ocaJ],KOB 3a IV KBapTaJ1 1953 r. COCTaBHJIO Bcero 74,4 .M.M, B TO
BpeMH KaK npH BblCOKOM oceHHe-3HMHeM nOlL'beMe ypOBHH B 1950-1951
rHlLpOJIOfnqeCKOM rOlLY KOJIHqeCTBO aTMoc<pepHblX ocalLKOB 3a 3TO BpeMH
COCTaBHJIO 198,3 .M.M).
KpoMe lLBYX OCHOBHblX rrOlL'beMOB ypOBHH, BeceHHero H oceHHe-3HMHera
HHorlLa Ha6JIIOlLaeTCH TpeTHH rrOlL'beM ypOBHH OTHOCHTeJ1bHO He6oJ1billOH BbI-
COTbI - JIeTHllH, CBH3aHHblH C 60JIbWHM KOJIHqeCTBOM lLolKlLeH B JleTHHH
rrepHOlL. XapaKTepHblM B 3TOM OTHoweHHH lLJIH r10JIeCbH HBJIHeTCH 1949 1.,
lLJIH KOToporo Ha KpHBblX KOJIe6aHHH ypOBHH rrOlL3eMHbiX H rrOBepXHOCTHblX
BOlL qeTKO BblpalKeH TpeTHH B rHlLpOJIOrHqeCKOM ro,D,Y rrO,D,'beM YPOBHeH-
JIeTHHH, B CBH3H C OTHOCHTeJIbHO 60JIbWHM KOJIHqeCTBOM aTMoc<pepHb1X
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5JIarOnpH5ITHble YCJIOBH5I ,1J,JI5I pa3BHTH5I JIeTHerO rrO,1J,'beMa ypOBHei'I
'C03,1J,alOTC5J, B qaCTHOCTH, npH OTHOCHTeJIbHO 60JIbllIOM KOJIHqeCTBe aTMOC-
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nO,lJ,'beMa ypOBH5I rpyHToBbIX BO,lJ, l-I rl-I,lJ,paBJIl-I'leCKl-I CB5I3aHHbIX C Hl-IMII BO,lJ,O-
HOCHbIX rOpl-I30HTOB, a TaKIKe 60JIee 6JIarOnpl-I5ITHble YCJIOBl-I5I ,lJ,JI5I nOBepx-
HOCTHoro CTOKa l-I, CJIe,lJ,OBaTeJIbHO, ,lJ,JI5I nO,lJ,'beMa ypOBH5I B peKax, o3epax.
60JIOTHbIX MaCCl-IBax. TaKl-Ie yCJIOBl-I5I MO)l{HO OTMeTl-ITb no ,lJ,aHHbIM II CCJI e-
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198


onHCAHHE nO,1J,3EMHbIX BO,1J,


M03blp5l), r,1J,e JIeTHHe rrO,1J,'beMbI ypOBH5I B 1903 H 1906 rr. 51BJI5IJIHCb HaH-
BblCllIHMH B ro,1J,Y H 6bIJIH BbI3BaHbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO 60JIbllIHMH oca,1J,KaMH
rrOCJIe BeceHHero rrO,1J,'beMa ypoBHeH.
BeCeHHHH: MaKCHMYM ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO,1J, H rH,1J,paBJIWIeCKH CB5I3aH-
HbIX C HHMH Me:tKrrJIaCTOBbIX rrO,1J,3eMHbIX BO,1J, Ha6JIIO,1J,aeTC5I B EeJIOpyccHH
06bl'IHO B arrpeJIe: B OT,1J,eJIbHble rO,1J,bI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Ha'IaJIa H XO,1J,a
BeceHHero CHerOTa5lHH5I, a TaK:tKe OT XO,1J,a aTMoc<}>epHblx OCa,1J,KOB BeCeHHHH:
MaKcHMYM ypOBH5I 6bIBaeT B MapTe, a HHOr,1J,a CMeIlI.aeTC5I Ha MaH:-HIOHb.
3HMHHH: HJIH oceHHe-3HMHHH: MaKCHMYM ypOBH5I rrO,1J,3eMHbIX BO,1J, 06bI'-IHO
Ha6JIIO,1J,aeTC5I B ,1J,eKa6pe - rrepBOH: rrOJIOBHHe 51HBap5l, HHOr,1J,a B H05l6pe,
B pe,1J,KHX CJIY'Ia5lX CMeIlI.aeTC5I Ha <}>eBpaJIb.
MaKcHMYMbI YPOBH5I, 06p a3YIOIlI.HeC5I rrpH ero JIeTHHX rrO,1J,'beMaX,
06bI'IHO Ha6JIIO,1J,aIOTC5I B HIOJIe-aBrYCTe, HO MorYT 6bITb H paHee, B HIOHe
H ,1J,a:tKe B Mae, eCJIH Ha3BaHHble rrO,1J,'beMbI rrpOHCXO,1J,51T HerrOCpe,1J,CTBeHHO 3 a
BeceHHHM rrO,1J,'beMOM ypOBH5I, BCJIe,1J,CTBHe Ha'-IaJIa ,1J,O:tK,1J,eH: B BeceHHee
BpeM5I.
B Te :tKe CpOKH Ha6JIIO,1J,aIOTC5I MaKCHMaJIbHble ypOBHH TaK:tKe B peKax,
03epax H 60JIOTax.
B Te'IeHHe rH,1J,pOJIOrH'IeCKOrO rO,1J,a Ha6JIIO,1J,aeTC5I ,1J,Ba OCHOBHbIX MHHH-
MYMa BbICOTbI CT05lHH5I ypOBH5I rrO,1J,3eMHbIX H rrOBepXHOCTHbIX BO,1J,: JIeTHe-
OCeHHHH: MHHHMYM, 51BJI5IIOIlI.HH:C5I rO,1J,OBbIM, H 3HMHHH:. JIeTHe-OCeHHHH: MHHH-
MYM ypOBH5I Ha6JIIO,1J,aeTC5I 06bI'-IHO B CeHT5I6pe-OKT5I6pe, HHor,1J,a B aBrYCTe,
B pe,1J,KHX CJIY'Ia5lX B HIOJIe HJIH H05l6pe - Ha'-IaJIe ,1J,eKa6p5l, KaK, HarrpHMep,
B 1961 r. B paH:OHe 03. HapO'Ib Ha ceBepe ECCP (cKBa:tKHHbI 329, 330, 332)
H B paH:OHe MHHcKa (cKBa:tKHHbI 312, 66, 85), B TO BpeM5I KaK Ha IOre EeJIo-
PYCCHH, B f10JIeCbe JIeTHe-OceHHHH MHHHMYM CT05lHH5I ypOBH5I rro,1J,3eMHblx
BO,1J, Ha6JIIO,1J,aJIC5I B pa3Hble CpOKH - OT aBrYCTa (paH:OH fJIyccKa) ,1J,0
H05l6p51 (paH:OHbI K06pHHa, f1JIOCKHHb, f1HHcKa). f1pO,1J,OJI:tKHTeJIbHOCTb rro-
HH:tKeHHOrO CT05lHH5I ypOBH5I B JIeTHe-OCeHHHH: 'rrepHO,1J, KOJIe6JIeTC5I OKOJIO
O,1J,HOrO-Tpex MeC5IIJ,eB, YBeJIH'IHBa5lCb ,1J,0 '-IeTblpex MeC5IIJ,eB; 'IaCTO 3TOT
nepHO,1J, OTCYTCTByeT, CHH:tKeHHe ypOBH5I OT ero BeceHHero MaKCHMYMa npe-
pbIBaeTC5I H Ha'-IHHaeTC5I rrO,1J,'beM ypOBH5I K ero oceHHe-3HMHeMY MaKCH-
MYMY. B peKax, B 06IlI.eM, rrpO,1J,OJI:tKHTeJIbHOCTb rrOHH:tKeHHOrO CT05lHH5J:
ypOBH5J: BO,1J,bI 60JIbllIe, '-IeM ,1J"TI5J: rpYHTOBbIX H rH,1J,paBJIH'-IeCKH CB5J:3aHHbIX
C HHMH rrO,1J,3eMHbIX BO,1J,; HO H ,1J,JI5J: HHX '-IaCTO crra,1J, YPOBH5J: rrOCJIe BeceHHero
nO,1J,'beMa rrpepbIBaeTCH ero rrOBbIllIeHHeM, CJIHBaIOIlI.HMC51 C oceHHe-3HMHHM
rrO,1J,'beMOM.
DpH OTCYTCTBHH oceHHe-3HMHero nO,1J,'beMa ypOBH51 OTCYTCTByeT H JIeTHe-
OCeHHHH: MHHHMYM. OT BeceHHero MaKCHMYMa ypOBeHb 3Hr3aro06pa3HO no-
HH:tKaeTC51 BIIJIOTb ,1J,0 3HMHero MHHHMYMa. 3TO XOpOlliO BH,1J,HO Ha rrpHMepe
rra,1J,eHH51 ypOBH51 rpYHTOBbIX BO,1J, rrepBOH: Ha,1J,rrOH:MeHHOH TeppaCbI B paH:OHe
f JIYCCKa (CKB. 6), r,1J,e B 1953-1954 rH,1J,pOJIOrH'-IeCKOM ro,1J,Y ypOBeHb CHH-
:tKaJIC51 B Te'IeHHe O,1J,HHHa,1J,IJ,aTH MeC51IJ,eB OT BeceHHero MaKcHMYMa (Ha'IaJIO
arrpeJI51 1953 r.) ,1J,0 3HMHero MHHHMYMa (Ha'IaJIO MapTa 1954 r.). 06bI'IHa51
npO,1J,OJI:tKHTeJIbHOCTb crra,1J,a ypOBH51 2,5-3 MeC51IJ,a, B pe,1J,KHX cJIY'-Ia51x ,1J,0-
CTHraeT 6 MeC5IIJ,eB.
3HMHHH: rrepHO,1J, rrOHH:tKeHHOrO CT051HH51 ypOBH51 HerrpO,1J,OJI:tKHTeJIeH-
0,5-2 MeC51IJ,a, '-IaCTO BOBce OTCYTcTByeT BCJIe,1J,CTBHe nepepbIBa crra,1J,a
YPOBH51 OT oceHHe-3HMHero MaKcHMYMa. B 3THX cJIY'Ia5lx HOBbIH: rrO,1J,'beM
ypOBH51 CJIHBaeTC5I C BeceHHHM. B pe3YJIbTaTe rrOJIY'-IaIOTC5I ,1J,Be p5l,1J,OM pac-
rrOJIO:tKeHHble BOJIHbI oceHHe-3HMHero H BeceHHero rrO,1J,'beMOB ypOBH51; TaKHe
,1J,BOH:HHKH B KOJIe6aHH51X ypOBH51 rrO,1J,3eMHbIX H rroBepxHocTHbIX BO,1J, OT'-IeT-
JIHBO BbI5IBHJIHCb Ha TeppHTopHH f10JIeCCKOH: HH3MeHHOCTH, B '-IaCTHOCTH
B 1950-1951 H 1952-1953 rH,1J,pOJIOrH'-IeCKHX rO,1J,ax (CM. pHC. 14, 15, 16).
BblcoTa CT051HH5I ypOBH51 rrpH HH3KOM ero rrOJIO:tKeHHH 3HMOH 06bI'-IHO
BbIllie HH3Koro rrOJIO:tKeHH5I ypOBH51 B JIeTHe-OceHHHH nepHO,1J,. ilp0,lI.OJI:tKH-




PE)KHM nOn.3EMHbIX BOn.


199


'TeJIbHOCTb crran.a ypOBH5I B 3HMHHH rrepHOn. OKOJIO 1-1,5 MeC5IIJ,a HHor n.a
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npOn.omKHTeJIbHOCTb BeceHHero IIon.'beMa ypOBH5I OKOJIO 1-1,5 MeC5IIJ,a;
HHorn.a IIon.'beM IIpOHCXOn.HT 3a 10-15 n.HeH, a B n.Pymx CJIY'Ia5IX paCT5IrH-
BaeTC5I n.o 2 MeC5IIJ,eB. npOn.omKHTeJIbHOCTb oceHHe-3HMHero IIon.'beMa
ypOBH5I KOJIe6JIeTC5I 06bI'IHO OKOJIO 2-3 MeC5IIJ,eB, HHor n.a YMeHbIllaeTC5I n.0
0,5--2 MeC5IIJ,eB HJIH YBeJIH'IIlBaeTC5I n.o 3-4 MeC5IIJ,eB.
nepHon. BpeMeHH Me:tKn.y oceHHe-3HMHHM MaKcHMYMOM CT05IHH5I YPOBH5I
H IIOCJIen.YIOIlI,HM ero BeceHHHM MaKcHMYMOM COCTaBJI5IeT OKOJIO 3-4 MeC5I-
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4,5 MeC5IIJ,a. CooTBeTcTBeHHo nepHO.ll. BpeMeHH Me:tK.lI.Y BeceHHHM MaKCHMY-
MOM CT05IHH5I ypOBH5I Hero IIOCJIe.ll.YIOIlI,HM oceHHe-3HMHHM MaKCHMYMOM CO-
CTaBJI5IeT OKOJIO 8-9 MeC5IIJ,eB, B03paCTa51 HHOr.ll.a .lI.O 10 MeC5IIJ,eB HJIH
VMeHbllIa5ICb .lI.O 7 MeC5IIJ,eB.
. BeceHHIIH MaKcHMYM CT05IHH5I YPOBH5I 06bI'IHO BbIllIe oceHHe-3HMHero.
B pe.ll.KHX cJIY'Ia5lx Ha OT.lI.eJIbHbIX Y'IaCTKaX Ha6JIIO.lI.aIOTC5I cHMMeTpH'IHO
p aCIIOJIO:tKeHHble, O.ll.HOH BbICOTbI IIHKH oceHHe-3I1MHerO H BeceHHero IIOBbI-
llIeHHH YPOBH5I. HanpHMep, B 1952-1953 rH.lI.pOreOJIOm'IeCKOM r0.ll.Y TaKHe
CJIY'IaH Ha6JIIO.lI.aJIHCb B paHoHe rJIyccKa .lI.JI5I rpYHToBbIX BO.ll. IIepBoH Ha.ll.-
IIoHMeHHoH TeppacbI (CKB. 2) II B paHoHe KOCCOBO .lI.JI5I nO.ll.MOpeHHoro BO.ll.O-
HOCHoro ropH30HTa, 3aKJIIO'IeHHOrO B cpJIIOBHOr JI5IIJ,HaJIbHbIX IIeCKax
(CKB. 1).
rO.ll.OBble aMII/'lHTY.lI.bI KOJIe6aHIIH YPOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO.ll. HMelOT HaH-
60/'1bllIHe BemI'IHHbI B6JIH3H peK (B YCJIOBII5IX IIpIl6pe:tKHOrO pe:tKHMa), r.ll.e
OHII H3MeH5IIOTC5I B I1HTepBaJIe OKOJIO 0,5-4 M. HaH60JIee 3Ha'IHTeJIbHble
.aMIIJIHTY.lI.bI OTMe'IeHbI B6JIH3H p. npHII5ITH (Ta6JI. 47).
T a 6 JI 1Il\ a 47
H3MeHeHMe YPOBMSI BO)!.bI B CKBa)KMHaX


I AMn,mTYlta Ko"e6anlU!
YPOBHSI, .M


PeK3, HOMep CKBa)KHHbl


PaCCTOSIHHe OT
peKH, K.M


PeKa ITpMn5!Tb
CKB. 150
CKB. 149
CKB. 143
PeKa ITTIf'lb
CKB.2
CKB. 1
CBB.4


0,6
1,3
8,4
0,Q13
0,053
0,093


4,38
332
1:69
0,74
2,15
2,08
1,80
],5]


Ha BO.ll.opa3.l1.eJIbHbIX IIpOCTpaHCTBax rO.ll.OBble aMIIJIHTY.lI.bI KOJIe6aHH5I
ypOBH5I ,QOCTHraIOT 1-1,5 M, pe,QKO 2 M, 'IaIlI,e OKOJIO 0,5 M.
rO,QoB
e aMrrJIHTY,QN KOJIe6aHH5I YPOBH5I B HarropH
X BO,Qax 'IeTBep-
TII'IHbIX, HeoreHOBbIX II IIaJIeOreHOBblX OTJIO:tKeHHH ,QOCTHraIOT MeHbllIHX Be-
.JIII'IHH, 06bI'IHO ,QO 0,5-1,2 M; BCJIe,QCTBHe yMeHbIlIeHH5I aMrrJIHTY,Q KpHBble
KOJIe6aHHH ypOBH5I HaIIopHbIX BO,Q IIMelOT 60JIee CrJIa:tKeHHbIH XapaKTep IIO
'cpaBHeHHIO C KpHBbIMH H3MeHeHHH ypOBH5I rpYHTOBbIX BO,Q. B6JIH3H peK
a l\1ITJlHTY,QbI YBeJIII'IHBaIOTC5I H ,QOCTHraIOT 1,7-1,9 M (CTOJIHH).
rO,QOBble a MrrJIHTY,QbI KOJIe6aHII5I YPOBH5I IIO,Q3eMHblX BO,Q YMeHb-
IllalOTC5I C Y,QaJIeH'HeM OT peK, a TaK:tKe C rJIy6HHOH. npII Y,QaJIeHIiH OT peK
aMrrJ1HTY,QbI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I rpYHTOBbIX BO,Q YMeHbllIaIOTC5I JIHllIb ,QO He-
KOToporo rrpe,QeJIbHOrO paCCT05IHH5I OT peKH, 3aBHC5IIlI,ero OT reOJIOrH'IeCKHX
H rH,QporeOJIOrH'IeCKHX YCJIOBHH Y'I aCTKa Ha6JIIO,QeHHH; rrpH ,QaJIbHeHllIeM
YBeJIH'IeHIIH paCCT05IHII5I OT peKH aMrrJIIITY,QbI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I Orr5ITb Ha-
paCTalOT rro,Q BJIH5IHHeM aTMoccpepHbIX oca,QKOB. YMeHbllIeHHe aMrrJIHTY,Q




200


OIf1HCAHHE f10.lL3EMHbIX BO;J:


Ko.ne6aHHR ypOBHR Ha .lJeB06epe:tKbe p. DpIUI5ITH B paHOHe r. M03blp5I
(B 1951 r.) H p. DTH'-IH (B 1949-1950 rr.) no Mepe y)],a.TleHH.5I OT peKH
IIpH.Be)],eHo B Ta6JI. 47.
I13MeHeHHe aMIIJIHTY)], C y)],aJIeHH.eM OT peKH. C IIpe)],eJIbHOH '-IeTKOCTbIO
OTpa:tKaeTCR 3aBHCHMOCTblO Zn=C-nZ o , f)],e n=O, 1,2... HOMepa Ce'-leHH.H,
cJIe)],ylOlll.H.x )],pyr 3a )],pyroM '-Iepe3 paBHble paCCT05IHH5I; Zo - aMIIJIH.Ty)],a
KOJIe6aHHR YPOBH5I B peKe (B HYJIeBOM Ce1JeHHH); Zn - aMIIJIHTy)],a KOJIe6a-
HHR ypOBH5I B noM Ce'-leHH.H; C - 6e3pa3MepHa51 IIOCT05lHHa5l, 3 aBH.C5Illl.a51 ,
B '-IaCTHOCTH., OT npH.H5ITbIX paCCT05IHH.H Me:tK)],y paC'-IeTHbIMH. Ce'-leHH.5IMU;
)],JI5I paHOHa f JIYCCKa 3H a1JeHHe C p aBH5IJIOCb 1,16 IIPH paCCT05IHH5IX Me:tK)],y
Ce'-leHH5IMH 13,33 M.
BeJIH.'-IH.Ha rO)],OBbIX aMIIJIH.TY)], KOJIe6aHH.H ypOBH5I IIO)],3eMHbIX H IIO-
BepXHOCTHbIX BO)], 3aBHCHT OT KOJIH'-IeCTBa aTMoc<jJepHblx oca)],KOB, xO)1,a HX
H.3MeHeHH.H B ro)],y, a TaK:tKe OT TeMIIepaTypbI B03)],yxa; cYlll.eCTBeHHoe BJIH5I-
HH.e OKa3blBalOT Ha ypoBeHb oca)],KH., BblIIa)],alOlll.H.e B XOJIO)],HYIO '-IaCTb fH)],-
pOJIOrH'-IeCKOrO ro)],a, T. e. B IIepHo)], IIOHH:tKeHHbIX TeMIIepaTYP B03)],yxa.
3TO 06bI1JHO oca)],KH 3a IV H IIOCJIe)],YIOlll.HH I KBapTaJIbI. LIeM 60JIbllIe BbIIIa-
)],aeT 3a 3TH. KBapTaJIbI aTMOC<1>epHbIX oca)],KOB, TeM BbIllie IIO)],'beM ypOBH5I
IIO)],3eMHbIX H. IIOBepXHOCTHbIX BO)],. Oca)],KH BbIIIa)],alOT B IIepHO)], CHerOTa5I-
HH5I H Bc.lIe)], 3a HHM YBeJIH1JHBaIOT BbICOTY IIO)],'beMa YPOBH5I. HaIIpHMep, Ha
JIeBo6epe:tKbe p. 0 pHnHTH B 1949-1950 H B 1950-1951 rH)],pofeOJIOfH'-Ie-
CKHX ro)],ax CYMMapHble oca)],KH 3a IV H IIOCJIe)],YIOlll.HH I KBapTaJIbI paBH5I-
JIHCb 139,2 H 215,5 MAt; B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THMH oca)],KaMH rO)],OBble
aMIIJIHTY)],bI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I 6bIJIH 60JIbllIHMH B 1950-1951 fH)],pOJIOrn-
'-IeCKOM ro)],y (Ta6JI. 48).


Ta6JJIII(a -ts.
H3MeHeHHe ypOBHH BO
W B p. flpHnHTH
HaHMeHOBaHMe peHM, PaCCTO.HMHe or fo.lI I AMn.1MTY.lIa Ko.1e6a!!w!
TeppaCbl peKM, K.M Ha6mo.aemiii ypOBHH, .M:
npl1ITIITb 1919-1950 2,61
IToHMeHHaii Teppaca 0,1-1,4 1949-1950 2,54-1,00
1 HaJJ,ITOH.MeHHaII Teppaca 1,6-5,8 1949-1950 1,01--0,66
11 Ha.l(nOHMeHHaH Teppaca 7,8 ]949-1950 0,75
ITpllIT5!Tb 1950-1951 4,38
nOHMeHHa5! Teppaca 0,1-1,4 ]950-1951 3,35-1,69
] Ha.l(ilOHMeHHaH Teppaca 1,6-5,8 1950-1951 1,45-1,25
11 HaJJ,ITOH.MeHHa5! Teppaca 7,8 1950-1951 1,08


AMIIJIHTY)],bI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBHH BO)], HeoreH-IIaJIeOreHOBoro BO)],OHOC-
HOro KOMIIJIeKCa Ha paCCT05IHHH 200 M OT p. npHII5ITH )],JI5I YKa3aHHbIX rO)],OB
paBHbl 0,65 H 0,76 JI-1. fO)],OBble aMIIJIHTY)],bI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I p. DpHI151TH
B paHOHe M03blp51 I1PH oca)],Kax 115-215 MM 3a IV H I KBapTaJIbI (1949-
1952 rr.) 6bIJIH IIO'-lTH IIpOIIoplLHOHaJIbHbI oca)],KaM; 3a Ka:tK)],bIH MeTp I1PH-
pOCTa BeJIH1JHHbl ro)],oBoH aMIIJIH.TY)],bI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I B p. npHII5ITH
Tpe60BaJIC5I B 1949-1952 rr. IIpHpOCT CYMMbI oca)],KOB 3a IV H nOCJIe)],ylO-
lll.HI1 I KBapTaJIbI, paBHbIH 49,3-57,8 MM.
BeJIH1JHHa oceHHe-3HMHHX nO)],'beMOB ypOBH5I IIO)],3eMHbIX H IIOBepXHO-
CTHblX BO)], 3aBHCHT OT oca)],KOB, BbIIIa)],alOlll.HX B IIepH.O)]" OXBaTblBalOlll.HVr
I1pHMepHo IV KBapTaJI ro)],a; '-IeM 60JIbllIe BbIIIa)],aeT oca)],KOB B 3TO BpeM5I,
TeM Bblille IIO)],'beM ypOBH5I B oceHHe-3HMHHH I1epHo)],; HaH60JIee cYlll.ecTBeH-
HYIO pOJIb )],JI5I oceHHe-3H.MHerO IIO)],'beMa ypOBH5I HrpalOT OKT5I6pbCKO-
H05I6pbCKHe oca)],KH, IIOCKOJIbKY B 3TO BpeM5I BbIIIa)],aeT HaH.6oJIbillee'




PE)I\HM nO,lJ,3EMHbIX BOD.


201


KOJIlPleCTBO aTMOCcpepHbIX OCa,lJ,KOB B :tI{H,lJ,KOll cpa3e rro cpaBHem!lO C ,lJ,eKa6-
peM; B OKT5I6pe H H05l6pe Ha6JIlO,lJ,alOTC5I rrpeHMYIlI.eCTBeHHO rrOJIO:tKHTeJIbHble'
cpe,lJ,HeMeC5I'-IHbIe TeMrrepaTypbI.
OCa,lJ,KH TerrJIOll '-IaCTH rO,lJ,a, eCJIH He C'-IHTaTb He60JIbUme JIeTHHe
rro,lJ,'beMbI ypOBH5I, BbI3bIBaeMble ,lJ,O:tK,lJ,51MH B OT,lJ,eJIbHble rO,lJ,bI, CYIlI.eCTBeH-
Horo BJIH5IHH5I Ha ypoBeHb rrO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, He OKa3bIBalOT. HarrpHMep,
B pallOHe rJIYCCKa B 1950 r. B rrepHO,lJ, C 1 arrpeJI5I rro 1 OKT5I6p51 BbIITaJIO
aTMoccpepHblx OCa,lJ,KOB 335 MM, a B XOJIO,lJ,HbIll rrep11o,lJ, C 1 OKT5I6p51 1950 r.
rro 1 arrpeJI5I 1951 r. - 257,8 MM; O,lJ,HaKO ypoBeHb rrO,lJ,3eMHbIX H rroBepxHo-
CTHbIX BO,lJ, B TerrJIbIll rrepHO,lJ, rO,lJ,a B OCHOBHOM CHH:tKaJIC5I, a B XOJIO,lJ,HbIll
rrepHo,lJ, rO,lJ,a, oceHblO If BecHoll, OH HHTeHCHBHO rrO,lJ,HHM£' JIC5I.
I1Horr xapaKTep HMeeT pe:tK11M rrO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, rrpH 3aTpY,lJ,HeHHOll
HHcpHJIbTpaU1111 11 OTCYTCTBHH rH,lJ,paBJI11'-1eCKOll CB5I3H C ,lJ,PyrHM11 BO,lJ,OHOC-
HbIM11 ropH30HTaMH H peKaMH. YpoBeHb rrO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, B 3TOM cJIy'-Iae
rro,lJ,Bep:tKeH rrJIaBHbIM KOJIe6aHH5IM C He3Ha'-lHTeJIbHOrr a MrrJIHTY,lJ,orr. Ha ypo-
BeHb 3T11X BO,lJ, OKa3bIBalOT BJIH5IH11e JIHllIb OCa,lJ,K11, BbIITa,lJ,alOIlI.He B OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO rrOBbIllIeHHOM KOJIH'-IeCTBe: OTHOCHTeJIbHO MaJIble OCa,lJ,KH B ro,lJ,Y
cYIlI.eCTBeHHoro BJI1151H1151 Ha YPOBeHb He OKa3bIBalOT. TaKOll xapaKTep
pe:tKHMa OTMe'-laeTC5I ,lJ,JI5I rrO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, BO,lJ,Opa3,lJ,eJIbHbIX npOCTpaHCTB,
3aKJIlO'-IeHHbIX Bo BHyTpHMopeHHbIX rreCKax (HarrpHMep, pallOH rJIYCCKa)
HJIH B rrepeKpbITbIX cBepxy CJIa60BO,lJ,orrpOHHuaeMbIX rrOKpOBHbIX cpJIlOB110-
rJI5IUHaJIbHbIX rreCKax H B BbIITOJIHeHH5IX ,lJ,peBHero pa3MbIBa, CJIO:tKeHHbIX
MeJIK03epH11CTbIM11 rreCKaMH C rrpOCJIOllKaMH cyrrecerr (HarrpHMep, pallOH
IlHHcKa). IlO,lJ,'beMbI ypOBH5I HacTyrralOT rrOCJIe rO)J,OB C 06HJIbHbIMH OCa,lJ,Ka-
MH, oc06eHHo eCJIH OHI1 BbIITa,lJ,alOT B XOJIO,lJ,Hble rrOJIyrO,lJ,H5I, T. e. B IV H rro-
CJIe,lJ,YlOIlI.eM I KBapTaJIax. THrr11'-1HbIll XO,lJ, KOJIe6aHHll ypOBH5I ,lJ,JI5I 3Toro
THrra pe:tKHMa Ha6JIlO,lJ,aJIC5I B CKB. 9, B parroHe rJIyccKa (CM. pHC. 15),
a TaK:tKe B CKBa:tK11HaX 33 11 34 (BoCTO'-lHee r. IlHHcKa).
,Z:LaHHble 0 KOJIe6aHH5IX ypOBH5I rrO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, rro OT,lJ,eJIbHbIM reHeT11-
'-IeCKHM THrraM OTJIO:tKeHHll H CTpaTHrpacpH'-IeCKHM ropH30HTaM rrpHBO,lJ,51TC5I
Ha rpacpHKax (CM. pHC. 14, 15, 16). Ha pe:tK11M rpyHToBbIX BO,lJ, rrollMeHHoll,
rrepBoll H BTOpOll Ha,lJ,rrorrMeHHblx Teppac H pa3BHTbIX Ha HHX 60JIOTHbIX 06-
pa30BaH11ll rrp5lMOe BJIH5IH11e OKa3bIBalOT 3TMoccpepHble OCa,lJ,K11 H pe:tK11M
peK. Ilo,lJ, BJIH5IHHeM OCa,lJ,KOB XOJIO,lJ,HbIX rrOJIyrO,lJ,Hll rH,lJ,pOJIOr11'-1eCKHX rO,lJ,OB
rrpOHCXo,lJ,51T oceHHe-3HMH11rr 11 BeceHHHll rrO,lJ,'beMbI ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO,lJ,
(CM. pHC. 14), perYJIHpyeMbIe rrO,lJ,'beMaMH ypOBH5I BO,lJ,bI B peKax. JIeTHHe
OCa,lJ,KH cYIll.eCTBeHHoro BJIH5IHH5I Ha ypoBeHb rpYHToBbIX BO,lJ, He OKa3bIBalOT.
AMrrJIHTY,lJ,bI KOJIe6aH1151 YPOBH5I 3a rH,lJ,pOJIOrH'-IeCKHe rO,lJ,bI (1949-1961)
KOJIe6JIlOTC5I OKOJIO 0,6-3,9 M B 06JIaCT11 rrollMeHHblx Teppac (HarrpHMep,
palloHbI M03blp5l, IlHHcKa, rJIyccKa 11 ,lJ,p.); oceHHe-3HMH11e rrO,lJ,'beMbI ypOBH5I
H3MeH5IlOTC5I 3a p a3Hble rO,lJ,bI OT 0,1 ,lJ,0 1,7 M, a BeCeHH11e OTHOCHTeJIbHO
3HMHe-BeceHHero MHHHMYMa - OT 0,2 ,lJ,0 3,05 M.
rO,lJ,OBbIe aMrrJI11TY,lJ,bI KOJIe6aH1151 ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO,lJ, nepBbIx Ha,lJ,-
rrollMeHHblx Teppac (HarrpHMep, ,lJ,JI5I palloHoB M03blp5l, rJIyccKa H ,lJ,p.) 3a
pa3Hble r11,lJ,pOJIOrH'-IeCKHe rO,lJ,bI (1949-1961) COCTaBJI5IlOT OKO/'IO 0,6-
1,6 M. DOJIee 3Ha'-l11TeJIbHbIe rO,lJ,OBble aMrrJIHTY,lJ,bI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I rpYH-
TOBbIX BO,lJ, rrepBoll Ha,lJ,rrOllMeHHoll TeppacbI ,lJ,OCTHralOT 1,2-1,9 M rro
CKB. 111, pacrrOJIO:tKeHHOll B6JI113H p. rOpbIHb, r,lJ,e rpYHToBble BO,lJ,bI rH,lJ,paB-
JIH'-IeCKH CB5I3aHbI C BO,lJ,aM11 peKH. OceHHe-3HMHHe rrO,lJ,'beMbI YPOBH5I 11MelOT
3,lJ,eCb pa3MepbI OKOJIO 0,1-1 M, pe,lJ,KO 1-1,6 M, BeceHHHe - 0,2-1,2 ,«,
pe,lJ,KO ,lJ,0 1-2 M.
rO,lJ,oBbIe aMrrJIHTY,lJ,bI KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO,lJ, BTOpbIX Ha,lJ,-
rrollMeHHblx Teppac paBHbI 0,3-1,6 M (palloHbI M03blP5l, AJIeKCaH,lJ,pOBKH
H ,lJ,p.); oceHHe-3HMHI1e rrO,lJ,'beMbI ypoBH5I-0,3-1,4 M, BeceHHHe-0,2-1,2 M.
HaH60JIee BbICOK11e Cpe,lJ,HHe ypOBHH rpYHToBbIX BO,lJ, rrpHXO,lJ,51TC5I Ha
1958 r. H cooTBeTcTBylOT rrepHO,lJ,y BbICOKOll COJIHe'-lHOll aKT11BHOCTH, Ha6JIlO-




202


OnHCAHYIE najl3EMHblX Ba;:!,


)],aBweHC5I B 1957-1959 rr., a MHHHM aJIbHble ypOBHH Ha 1952, 1954 rr. 11
caaTBeTcTBYlOT rraHH:tKeHHbIM 3HalJeHH5IM COllHelJHaH aKT11BHaCTH.
3a MHaraJIeTHHH rrepHa)], aMrrJIHTy)],a KOJIe6aHH5I ypaBH5I rpYHTaBblx
Ba)], rraMMeHHoH TeppacbI p. npHn5lTH B paHaHe Ma3blp51 3a 1949-1961 rr.
paBH5IJIaCb 4,13 M, )],JI5I rraHMbl p. nTl1% B paHaHe fJIyccKa 3a 1951-
1959 rr. - 2,22 M H )],JI5I rraHMbI p. 5IceJIb)],bl B paHaHenHHcKa 3a 1949-
1961 rr. - 1,76 M. MaKcHMa.l1bHbIH 11 MHHHMaJIbHbIH ypaBHI1 3a MHaraJIeT-
HHH rrepHo)], Ha6JIlO)],aJIHCb B paffoHe M03b/pH COOTBeTCTBeHHO B anpeJIe
1953 r. H MapTe 1954 r., B paHoHe fJIyccKa - B arrpeJIe 1956 r. H B HlOJIe
1954 r. H B paHaHe nHHcKa - B arrpeJIe 1958 r. H B aKT5I6pe 1961 r. .II.JIH
rpYHTaBblx BO)], nepBblx H BTOpbIX Ha)],rroffMeHHblx Teppac (paHaHbI M03blpR,
fJIyccKa, CTaJIHHa, AJIeKcaH)],paBK11 11 )],p.) MHorOJleTHl1e a MrrJIHTY)],bI
(1949-1961 rr.) paBHbI 1,7-2,3 M. CBoe06pa3HbIH XO)], H3MeHeHHH ypOBH5I
rpyHTaBblx BO)], rroKpoBHbIX <pJIlOB110r JI5IQHaJIbHbIX OTJIa:tKeHH H YCMaTpHBa-
eTC5I H3 rpa<pI1KOB (CM. pHC. 15), COCTaBJIeHHbIX )],JI5I paHoHoB MHHcKa H
nJIOCKI1H5I. KpHBa51 KOJIe6aHHH ypaBH5I B paHoHe MHHcKa (CKB. 83) HMeeT
lJeTKa Bblpa:tKeHHble BeceHHHe rra)],'beMbI ypOBH5I, KaTopble B HHble ra)],bI crJIa-
:tKeHbI; OT BeceHHero MaKCI1MYMa ypoBeHb B 06weM CHH:tKaeTC5I, aCJIa:tKHH5ICb
He3H3lJHTeJIbHbIM rrO):('beMOM B oceHHe-3HMHHH rrepHo)], BrrJIaTb )],0 CJIe)],ylO-
wera ero BeceHHero rra)],'beM a; pe)],Ka aceHHHH na)],'beM ypOBH5I BbI)],eJI5IeTC\I
lJeTKO KaK 3Ta 6bIJIO aceHblO 1957 r., Kor)],a TaKOH :tKe rra)],'beM MeHbwera
pa3M
pa Ha6JIlO)],aJIC5I B paHaHe nJIaCKHH5I (CKB. 25). 06WHH xo)], KpHBOH
KaJle6aHHH ypaBH5I B paHoHe nJIOCKHH5I rrOBTOp5leT B 06weM HeCKaJIbKO
CrJIa:tKeHO KPHBYlO KOJIe6aHHH ypOBH5I B paHoHe r. MHHcKa.
fo)],oBble aMnJIHTY)],bI KOJIe6aHHH ypOBH5I a6bIlJHO paBHbI 0,3-1,4 M,
,BblCOTa ero oceHHe-3HMHero rrO)],'beMa - 0,1-0,5 M H BeceHHera - OKOJIO
'0, 1-1,4 M; BbICOKHH BeceHHHH rrO)],'beM aKaJIO 1,4 M aTMelJeH )],JI5I paHaHa
DJIOCKHHR (CKB. 25, 1957-1958 fH)],pOJIOrHlJeCKHH ra)],). B paHOHe 0.3. Ha-
POljb (CKB. 329) aMrrJIHTy)],a KOJIe6aHH5I ypOBH5I 3a 1961 r. COCTaBJI5IJI3
1,14 M, a B paHoHe MHHcKa (CKB. 66) - 2,06 M. AMrrJIHTY)],bI KaJIe6aHHH
ypOBH5I 3a MHOrOJIeTHHH rrepHO)], Ha6JIlO)],eHHH (1949-1959 rr.) )],OCTHralOT
1,7 M (nJIOCKHHb) - 2,2 M (fJIYCCK).
Pe:tKHM H3rropHbix rra)],3eMHbIX BO)], Me:tKMOpeHHb/x Ii nO)],MopeHHblx OT-
JIOlKeHHH ()],HerrpoBcKo-MOCKOBCKIiX, 6epe3HHcKo- )],HerrpaBcKHx) H3YlJaJIC5I
B p5l)],e rrYHKToB; B lJaCTHaCTIi, pe)f{!1M BO)], Me:tKMOpeHHblx MOCKOBCKO-)],He-
rrpoBcKHX <p.llOBHOrJI5IIJ,HaJIbHbIX rreCKOB H3YlJaJIC5I B paHaHax fJIyccKa, Ko-
6bIJIH'I H, 03. HapOlJb H T. )],., a Ba)], Me:tKMOpeHHbIX )],HerrpOBCKo-6epe3HHCKHX
. <pJIlOBHOrJI5IIJ,HaJIbHbIX rreCKOB - B paiioHax M03blp5l, nHHcKa, K06bIJIHlJIi
H )],p. KpHBble KOJIe6aHHH ypOBHH BO)], 3THX OTJIO:tKeHHH rrpe)],cTaBJIeHbl Ha
pHC. 15. Xo)], KOJIe6aHHH ypOBH5I rro cpaBHeHHlO C rpYHTOBbIMH Bo)],aMI1 OT-
JIHlJaeTC5I MeHbWHMH aMrrJIHTy)],aMH; BeceHHHe rrO)],'beMbI ypOBH5I BbI)],eJI51-
lOTC5I 5ICHO B BH)],e HeBblCOKHX rroBblllieHffff; oceHHe-3ffMHHe rrO)],'beMbl lJa eTa
He3Ha lJHTeJlbHbI; HHor)],3 'leTKO He BbI)],eJI5IlOTC5I. fa)],OBble aMrrJIHTY)],bI
KOJIe6aHHfI ypOBH5I rrO)],3eMHbIX BO)], Me:tKMOpeHHbIX H rrO)],MopeHHbIX a6pa-
30BaHIiH 06bIlJHO HMelOT pa3MepbI 0,4-1 M, B pe)],KHx cJIYlJa5lx )],OCTHralOT
1,2-2 M; oceHHe-3HMHIie rrO)],'beMbI ypOBH5I paBHbI 0,1-0,6 M Ii pe)],Ko OKO.l1a
'0,8-1,2 M, BeceHHIie - 0,1-1,1 ht. nOCKOJIbKY Ba)],bI MelKMopeHHblx H rro)],-
MapeHHblx <pJIlOBIiOUI5IIJ,IiaJIbHbIX rreCKOB rH)],paBJIHlJeCKH CB5I3aHbI C rpYHTa-
BbIMH Bo)],aMH H lJepe3 HHX C rroBepxHocTHbIMH Bo)],aMIi, TO Ha XO)], KOJIe6a-
HIiH I1X ypaBH5I BJIH5IlOT oca)],KIi H Ii3MeHeHH5I ypOBH5I B peKax; C YBeJIHlJe-
HHeM oca)],KoB B XOJIa)],HYlO lJaCTb rH)],pOJIOrHlJeCKOrO ro)],a HX ypaBeHb rro-
BblWaeTC5I. Cpe)],HerO)],OBble ypOBHH rra Ha6JIlO)],eHHHM B paHaHax nHHcKa H
TJIYCCKa HMeJIH MHHHMYM B 1954 r., a MaKCHMYM B 1958 r., B KOTopaM aT-
MelJeH TaK:tKe MaKcHMYM )],JI5I paHaHa K06bIJIHlJH, lJTO COOTBeTcTByeT XO)],Y
H3MeHeHHH COJIHelJHOH aKTHBHOCTH B 3TH rO)],bI. B paHOHe Ma3blp51 cpe)],Hero-
)],aBble ypOBHH 3a rrepHa)], C 1948 rra 1961 r. HMeJIH HHaH xa paKTep H3Me-




PE>RHM nOD.3EMHbIX BO)J


203


HeHl!51 YPOBHeH; C 1948 rro 1951 r. ypoBeHb CH!1)KaJIC51 0'1' a6COJIlOTHOH c\pe)J-
Hero)JoBoH OTMeTKH 121,33 M )JO OTMeTKH 121 M; 3aTeM ypoBeHb Orr51Tb rro)J-
HHMaJIC51 )JO OTMeTKH 121,3 M B 1953 r.; )JaJIee B 1954 r. HMeJIH OTHOCHTeJIb-
HbIH MHHHMYM C oTMeTKoH 121,16 M, OT KOTOpOH ypoBeHb rrO)JHHMaJICH
K cBoeMY MaKcHMYMY C OTMeTKOH 121,28 M B 1956 r.; C 1956 r. ypoBeHb He-
rrpepbIBHo CHHIKaJICH, )JocTHrHYB B 1960 r. CBoero cpe)JHero)JoBoro MHHH-
MYMa 3a BeCb rrepHo)J Ha6JIIO)JeHHH C oTMeTKoH 120,58 M; K 1961 r. ypoBeHb
nOBbICHJIC51 )JO OTMeTKH 120,71 M. B o6uLeM 3a rrepHo)J C 1948 rro 1960-
1961 rr. cpe)JHero)JoBoH ypoBeHb CHH3HJICH Ha 0,75-0,59 M. B rrepHo)J MaK-
CHMYMa COJIHeqHOH aKTHBHOCTH B 1957-1959 rr. YPoBeHb HerrpepbIBHo CHH-
)KaJICH; BeJIHqHHa CHH)KeHHH ypOBHH B 3TH rO)JbI COCTaBHJIa 0,43 M.
AMrrJIHTY)JbI KOJIe6aHHH ypOBHH 3a MHOrOJIeTHHH rrepHo)J Ha6JlIO)JeHHi'I
(1947-1961 rr.) paBHHJ1HCb )JJ1H BO)J )JHerrpoBcKo-MOCKOBCKHX cpJIIOBHOrJI51-
lJ,H aJlbHbIX OT ,'lO)KeHHH 1,4-2 M (paHoHbI f JIyccKa, K06blJIHqll) H)JJ1 H BOLI.
6epe3HHCKO-,lJ,HenpOBcKHX OTJ10MeHHH 1,3-1,7 M (pai'IoHbI M03blp51
nHHcKa, K06wmqH H LI.P,); HaH60J1ee BblCOKaH aMrrJ1HTYLI.a 2,03 M OTMe-
qeHa )JJ1H BOLI. LI.HerrpOBcKo-MOCKOBCKHX OTJ10)KeHHH B paHoHe fJ1yccKa
(CKB. 16, MHHHMYM ypOBHH - ceHTH6pb 1954 r. H MaKcHMYM ypOBHH-
arrpeJ1b 1959 r.); B paHoHe M03bIpH (CKB. 143), aMrrJ1HTYLI.a KOJ1e6aHHH 3a
MHoroJleTHHH rrepHO,11, C 1947 rro 1961 r. COCTaBHJIa LI.JIH BOLI. 6epe3HHcKo-
LI.HerrpOEcKHX cpJIIOBHOr JI51lJ,HaJIbHbIX OT JIO)KeHHH 1,27 M H B P aHOHe nHHcKa
1,67 M. MaKcHMYM H MHHHMYM ypOBH5I 3a MHoro.lIeTHHff rrepHo)J COOTBeTCT-
BeRHO OTMeQeHbI LI.JIH paHoHoB: M03bIpH - B MapTe 1955 r. H B aBrYCTe
1960 r., nHHcKa-B arrpeJIe 1958 r. H B aBrYCTe 1951 r., fJIyccKa-
B arrpeJIe 1959 r. H B ceHTH6pe 1954 r., K06bIJ1HqH - B arrpeJ1e 1958 r. H
B CeHT5I6pe (oKTH6pe) 1959 r.
XOLI. K0J1e6aHHH ypOBHH BOLI.bl B rraJIeOreHOBbIX OTJ10)KeHHHX (CM.
pHC. 16) OTpa)KaeT OCHOBHbIe K0J1e6aHHH ypOBHH rrOLI.3eMHbIX BOLI. BbIWeJ1e-
)l{ailLHX qeTBepnrqHbIX OTJIOMeHHH H ypOBHH B peKax, qTO HBJI5IeTC5I CJIeLI.-
CTBHeM rHLI.paBJ1HqeCKOH HX CBH3H. B6JIH3H peK a MrrJIHTYLI.bl OCHOBHbIX KO,'le-
6aHHH ypOBHH 60J1ee 3HaqHTeJIbHbI (CTOJ1HH, nHHCK H LI.p.). B OCHOBHbIX
KOJIe6aHHHx ypOBHH Ha6JIIOLI.aIOTC5I TaKIKe BeceHHHe, HaH60JIee BbICOKHe
B ro,11,Y, H oceHHe-3HMHHe rrOLI.'beMbI ypOBHH, KOTopbIe B OTLI.eJ1bHbIe rOLI.bI He-
3HaQHTeJIbHbI HJlH CJIHBalOTCH B eLI.HHbIH IlOLI.'beM C BeceHHHM. no LI.aHHbIM
Ha6J1IOLI.eHHH B pHLI.e rrYHKToB (paHoHbl M03bIpH, 4epBOHOH CJI060LI.bI,
nHHCKa, AJ1eKCaHLI.pOBKH, CTOJ1HHa), rOLI.OBbIe a MrrJIHTYLI.bI K0J1e6aHHH
ypOBHH BOLI.bI B rraJIeoreHOBbIX OTJ10)KeHHHX COCTaBJ1HIOT OKOJIO 0,3-2,7 ,t!.
OceHHe-3HMHHe rrOLI.'beMbI YPOBHR COCTaBJIHIOT 0,2-1,7 M, BeceHHHe-
0,3-2 M. HaH60JIbWHe rOLI.OBbIe a MrrJ1HTYLI.bI 1,7-2,7 M OTMeqeHbI B pai'I-
OHax M03bIpH, nHHcKa H CTOJ1HHa, rLI.e Ha6JIIOLI.aTeJIbHbIe CKBa)KHHbI pac-
nOJ1O)KeHbI B6J1H3H peK C 60JIbWHMH aMrrJ1HTYLI.aMH KOJle6aHHH YPOBHH
(peKH n pHrrHTb, fOpbIHb). MHorO.'leTHHe aMrrJ1HTY LI.bI K0J1e6aHHH ypOBHH
BOLI. TpeTHQHbIX OTJ10)KeHHH 3a rrepHOLI. 1947-1961 rr. LI.JIH paHoHa M03bIpH
paBHHJ1HCb 2,98 011 (MaKcHMYM YPOBHH - arrpeJ1b 1958 r., MHHHMYM-
aBrYCT 1961 r.); LI.JIH LI.Pyrrrx rrYHKToB MHOrOJIeTHHe aMIlJIHTYLI.bI COCTaB.'l51JIH:
B paHoHe fJIyccKa - 1,8 M, B paHoHe nHHcKa - 2,5 M, B paHoHe CTO-
.JIHHa - 2,4 M.
K0J1e6aHHH YPOBHH BOLI.bI ceHoH-TYPoHcKoro BOLI.OHOCHOro ropH30HT3
(CM. pHC. 16) Ha6JIIOLI.aJIHCb B paHoHe nHHcKa (CKB. 192). OCHoBHbIe
KOJIe6aHHR YPOBH5I BKJ1IOQaIOT oceHHe-3HMHHi'I H BeceHHHH, HaHBbICWHH
B ro,11,Y, rrOLI.'beMbI ypOBHH. CeHoH-TYPOHcKHi'I BOLI.OHOCHbIH ropH30HT rHLI.paB-
.J1HQeCKH CBH3aH C BbIWeJ1e)KailLHMH BOLI.OHOCHbIMH ropH30HTaMH H Qepe3
HHX C peKaMH. AMrrJ1HTY LI.bI OCHOBHbIX K0J1e6aHHi'I ypOBH5I HMelOT B 06ilLeM
MeHbwylO BeJ1HQHHY, QeM a MrrJIHTYLI.bI B BbIWeJIe)KailL!1X BOLI.0HOCHbIX ropH-
30HTax rrRJIeOreHOBbIX, HeoreHOBbIX H QeTBepTHQHbIX OTJ10)KeHHH. fOLI.OBbIe




204


O:f1HCAHHE n
3EMHbIX .BO,[L


aMrrJIIITY,[LbI KOJIe6aHIIH ypOBHH B BeJIOpYCCKOH qaCTII DOJIeCbH paBHbI 0,5-
0,8 M, a B lOro-3arra,[LHoH Ha TeppIITopIIII YKpaIIHbI 2 M (paHoH PaTHo).
I1H<pIIJlbTpalLIIoHHoe rrIITaHIIe rpYHToBblX BO,[L IIMeJIO MeCTO rJIaBHbIM
o6pa30M B X0J10,[LHYlO qaCTb rII,[LpOJIOrIIqeCKOrO rO,[La rrpII oceHHe-3IIMHeM If
BeceHHeM rrO,[L'beMaX ypOBHH. BeJ1IIqIIH a <paKTIIqeCKOrO IIH<pIIJ1bTp alLIIOHHoro
rrIITaHIIH rpYHToBbIX BO,[L 3a BblqeTOM IIcrrapeHIIH 3a pa3Hble rII,[LpOJIOrIIqe-
CKIIe rO,[LbI (1947-1954 rr.) rro ,[LaHHbIM paCqeTOB rro MeTO,[LY KOHeqHbIX pas-
HocTeH (KIICeJ1eB, 1961) COCTaBIIJIa ,[LJ1H DOJIeCbH (paHoHbI M03blpH,
r J1yccKa, CTa po6IIHa, .z:LOJIroe, CIIHKeBIIqII) 2,3-14,5 % OT KOJ1l1qeCTBa:
aTMoc<pepHbIX oca,[LKOB, IIJ1II 11,7-76,3 MM 3a m,[LpoJIOmqeCKIIH ro,[L.
B pe,[LKI1X CJ1YtIaHX B IIHble rO,[LbI rpYHToBble BO,[LbI MeCTaMII IIH<pI1JIbTpa-
lLIIOHHoro rrIITaHIIH B KOHeqHOM IITore He rrOJ1yqalOT 3a rII,[Lp0J10rIIQeCKIIH
ro,[L 3a CqeT 'rrpe06JIa,[LalOIlI.ero IIcrrapeHIIH C IIX rrOBepXHOCTII; BCJ1e,[LCTBIIe
.3TOrO rpyHToBble BO,[LbI Tep5IlOT tIaCTb CBOI1X 3arraCOB (OK0J10 3 % OT KOJIII-
qeCTBa anlOc<pepHblx oCa,[LKoB). DOJ1YQeHHble ,[LaHHble rro IIH<pIIJ1bTpalLIIoH-
HOMY rrIITaHIIlO 6blJIII rrpoBepeHbI KOHTpOJIbHbIMII paCqeTaMII rrporHo3a
K0J1e6aHIIH ypOBHH rpYHToBblX BO,[L Ha .3J1eKTpOHHOH CqeTHOH MaIlIIIHe
«YpaJ1» (KIIceJJeB, 1962).
Pe3y.TIbTaTbI paCtIeTOB YKa3blBalOT Ha 6J1II30CTb Ha6J11O,[LaeMbIX II pac-
qeTHbIX KpIIBblX K0J1e6aHI1H ypOBHH rpYHfoBbIX BO,[L II, CJ1e,[LOBaTeJ1bHO, Ha:
rrpaBIIJ1bHOCTb rrOJIyqeHHbIX ,[LaHHbIX rro IIH<pIIJ1bTpalLIIoHHoMY rrIITaHIIlO rpYH-
TOBbIX BO,[L B DOJ1eCbe, IICrr0J1b30BaHHblX rrpIf rrporHo3e K0J1e6aHI1H ypOBHH.
BeJIOPyccKOH rl1,[LporeoJIOmqeCKOH CTaHlLI1eH 6bIJ111 rrpOII3Be,[LeHbI p ac-
qeTbI IIH<pIIJ1bTpalLIIoHHoro rrIITaHIIH rpYHToBblX BO,[L B DOJ1eCbe rro MeTO,[LY'
KOHeqHblX pa3HocTeH ,[LJ1H rrOCJ1e,[LYlOIlI,IIX rO,[LOB (1956-1961 rr.); rrOJ1Y-
qeHHble BeJIIIql1HbI <paKTIIQeCKOrO IIH<pIIJ1bTpalLIIoHHoro rrIITaHIIH (,[LJ1H paH-
OHa DJ10CKIIHb) COCTaBIIJIII 1,6-13,1 % OT KOJ1IIqeCTBa aTMoc<pepHbIX Oca,[L-
KOB, IIJ1II 8,3-91,5 MM B ro,[L; B OT,[LeJ1bHble rO,[LbI (1959, 1961) OTMeqeHbI
B KOHeqHOM CqeTe rroTepIf 3arraCOB rpYHToBblX BO,[L 0,5-6,2% (2,7-26,1 MM)
3a CqeT IfcrrapeHIIH.
DpIIBe,[LeHHble ,[LaHHble rrOKa3blBalOT, qTO rpYHToBble BO,[LbI B DOJ1eCbe'
06blqHO rrOJ1yqalOT <paKTIIqeCKII (B IITore 3a ro,[L) IIH<pIIJIbTpalLIIoHHoe rrIITa-
HIIe B KOJ1IIQeCTBe 1,6-14,5% OT KOJ1IIqeCTBa aTMoc<pepHbIX OCa,[LKOB. B OT-
,[LeJ1bHble rO,[LbI MeCTaMII He TOJIbKO He rrOJ1yqalOT IIH<pI1J1bTpalLI10HHOrO rrIITa-
HIIH, HO, Hao6opOT, TepHlOT QaCTb CBOIIX 3arraCOB(0,5-6,2%) Ha IIcrra-
peHIIe.


rHAPOAHHAMHqECKA», rEOXHMHqECKA»
H rHAPOTEPMAJIbHA5I 30HAJIbHOCTb nOA3EMHbiX BOA


Orrpo60BaHIIe rJ1y6oKIIx CKBa:tKIIH, rrpo6ypeHHblx B OCHOBHOM B lO:tKHOH:
QaCTII BCCP, rroKa3bIBaeT, qTO B 3TOH qaCTII pecrry6J1IIKII qeTKO rrpocJ1e:tKl1-
BaeTCH CMeHa rJ1,[LpOXIIMl1qeCKIIX TJ1rrOB rrO,[L3eMHbIX BO,[L OT rrpecHblx - rII,[L-
pOKa p6oHaTHO-KaJIblLIIeBblx ,[LO cYJIb<paTHO-KaJIblLIIeBO-MarHIIeBblx II rJIy6:tK

,[LO XJ10pII,[LHO-KaJIblLIIeBO-HaTpIIeBblx BO,[L, C rrOCTerreHHblM HapacTaHIIeM IIX
06IlI,eH MI1HepaJ1II3alLIIII. TaKIIe :tKe 3aKoHoMepHocTII Ha6J11O,[LalOTCH II rra-
,[LPyrIIM paHoHaM BeJIOpyccIIII, 3a IICK.TIlOqeHIIeM TeppIITopIIII, 3aHHToH BeJIo-
PYCCKIIM KpIICTaJIJIIIqeCKIIM MaCCIIBOM II ero CKJIOHaMII, C rJ1y6IIHoH 3aJ1era-
HIIH ero KpOBJ111 ,[LO 500 M OT rroBepXHOCTI1 3eMJ1II.
B CBO,[LOBOH ero qaCTII pacrrpocTpaHeHbI TOJ1bKO rrpecHble BO,[LbI, Ha
CKJIOHaX - rrpecHble rII,[LpoKap6oHaTHO-KaJ1blLIIeBO-MarHIIeBble 11 HII:tKe-
XJIOpl1,[LHO-HaTpIIeBble. OTMeQeHO, QTO C HapaCTaHl1eM o6Il1.eH MIIHepaJ1113a-
lLIIII II rrpe06J1a,[LalOIlI.IIM cO,[Lep:tKaHIIeM HaTpIIH (XJIOpIICToro) pacTeT 11 co-
,[Lep:tKaHIIe KaJ1blLIIH, HO B rrpolLeHTHoM OTHoweHIIII OHO CHaqaJ1a YMeHbwa-
eTCH, a 3aTeM YBeJ1IIQI1BaeTCH B rJIy60KIIX 30Hax. DPOlLeHT CYJ1b<paTOB
B XJIOpII,[LHO-KaJ1blLIIeBO-HaTpIIeBbIX BO,[LaX TaK:tKe YMeHblllaeTCH. A6C0J1lOT-




TH.L(PO,lJ,HHAMWI., rEOXHMH4. H rH,lJ,POTEPM. 30HAJIbHOCTb nO_Q3EMHbIX BO,1J, 205


<Hoe KOJIIFleCTBO MarHlU! YBemll.Jl1BaeTCH napaJIJIeJIbHO 06Il1.eMY HapaCTaH1110
MI1H epaJII13a 11,1111.
KaK 3TO BI1,lJ,HO 113 npe,lJ,bl,lJ,YIlI.lIX rJIaB, TaKaH 30HaJIbHOCTb nO,lJ,3eMHbIX
BO,lJ, Ha TeppliTOpl111 BCCP TeCHO CBH3aHa C reOJIorl1l.JecKlIMI1 CTpYKTypaMlI,
06YCJIOBJII1BalOIlI.I1MH CTeneHb aKTI1BHOCTI1 BO,lJ,006MeHa B pa3JII1l.JHbIX 30Hax
1I npOMblTOCTI1 OTJIO:tKeHllH OCa,lJ,Ol.JHOrO KOMnJIeKca.
B 3TOM OTHOllIeHl111 Ba:tKHYIO pOJIb I1rpaeT EeJIOpYCCKI1H KpI1CTaJIJII1l.Je-
CKI1H MaCCHB C nOBblweHHblMI1 OTMeTKaMI1 3aJIeraHI1H <PYH,lJ,aMeHTa. OH
51B.1JHeTCH 06JIaCTblO nl1TaHI1H ,lJ,JIH BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB, pacrrpOCTpaHeH-
HblX B npe,1J,e.l1ax pecny6JIHKI1. B COCTaBe rropo,lJ, oca,lJ,Ol.JHOrO KOMrrJIeKCa
'CBO,lJ,OBOH l.JaCTI1 MaCCI1Ba Bbl,lJ,eJIHIOTCH MeJIOBble, rraJIeOreHOBble, HeoreHO-
Bble 11 MeCTaMI1 TOJIbKO OTJIO:tKeHI1H l.JeTBepTI1l.JHOrO B03paCTa C 06rueH I1X
MOruHOCTblO 150-400 M. Ha cKJIOHaX MaCCI1Ba, KpOMe OTJIO:tKeHHH Me3030H
11 KaHH030H, B CTpOeHl111 oca,lJ,Ol.JHOrO nOKpoBa rrpl1HI1MalOT Yl.JaCTl1e ,lJ,peB-
HeHllIl1e KOMrrJIeKCbl rropo)J 6eJIOpyccKOH cepl1l1 (BepXHI1H rrpoTep030H),
a TaK:tKe HI1:tKHerO 11 Cpe,lJ,HerO KeM6pI1H, Op)JoBI1Ka, cl1JIypa 11 ,lJ,eBOHa. Moru-
HOCTb Bcero KOMrrJIeKCa OTJIO:tKeHI1H B npe)JeJIax 3TOH l.JaCTI1 EeJIOPyccKoro
MaCCHBa )JOCTl1raeT 650-900 M. B rrpe,lJ,eJIax Brra,lJ,I1H, oKaHM.'lHlOruI1X Mac-
CI1B co Bcex CTOpOH (Ha ceBepo-BocToKe OpllIaHcKaH, Ha IOfO-3ana)Je
EpecTcKaH, Ha ceBepo-3ana)Je - npl16aJITI1HCKaH 11 Ha lOre - npl1rrHT-
cKaH), MOruHOCTb oca)JOl.JHbIX TOJIru HeO)JI1HaKOBa 11 KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 1000-
1500 (OpllIaHcKaH) )JO 2000-5000 M 11 60JIee (npl1rrHTCKaH Brra)JI1Ha).
BO,lJ,OHOCHNe rOpI130HTW, pacnpocTpaHeHHwe B rrpe)JeJIax lI,eHTpaJIbHOH
'laCTH EeJIOpyccKoro MaCCI1Ba B TOJIrue KopeHHblx 11 l.JeTBepTI1l.JHbIX OTJIO:tKe-
HI1H, cO,lJ,ep:tKaT npecHble BO)Jbl rl1,lJ,poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbll,l1eBO-MarHl1eBOrO
Tl1na C 06rueH MI1HepaJII13alJ,I1eH 0,20-0,40 cjA. 30Ha npeCHblX BO)J B 3TOM
paHOHe I1MeeT MOruHOCTb ,lJ,0 400 M 11 60JIee (pl1c. 17). OHa He TOJIbKO pac-
nOJlaraeTCH B KOMnJIeKCe oca)JOl.JHbIX nop0)J, HO 11 3aXBaTblBaeT BepXHIOIO
Tpern:I1HOBaTYIO TOJIruy rropo,lJ, KpI1CTaJIJII1l.JeCKOrO <PYH)JaMeHTa (HOBorPY)JOK,
MOCTbl, IILYl.JI1H, KOHIOXI1 11 ,lJ,p.) Ha rJIy611HY ,lJ,0 100 M 11 60JIee.
Ha KapTe fI1)JporeOJIOrl1l.JeCKI1X paHoHoB EeJIopyccl111 (rrpI1JIo:tK. 2) Bbl-
,lJ,e.'lHeTCH paHOH, B rrpe)JeJIax KOToporo pacnpOCTpaHeHbl TOJIbKO npeCHble
BO)Jbl B TOJIrue KopeHHblX 11 l.JeTBepTI1l.JHbIX OTJIO:tKeHI1H. OH 3aXBaTbIBaeT
B OCHOBHOM nJIorn:a,lJ,b HerJIy60Koro 3aJIeraHI1H nopo)J <PYH,lJ,aMeHTa Ha
EeJ'lOpYCCKOM MaCCI1Be.
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)JaJIee Ha .LI.3ep:tKI1HCK, 3ana)JHee CJIYlI,Ka, MI1KaweBI1l.JI1, Ha ceBepe Me:tK)JY
ropO)JaMI1 MOJIo,lJ,l.JeHKo-BI1JIeHKa, Ha 3arra,lJ,e OKOJIO r. rpO)JHO. lO:tKHaH
rpaHl1lJ,a rrpOXO)JI1T B6JII1311 r. KOCCOBO, r. raHlI,eBI1l.JI1.
rl1)JpO)JI1HaMI1l.JeCKl1e ypOBHI1, xapaKTep 11 HanpaBJIeHl1e rrO)J3eMHoro
CTOKa B 30He aKTlIBHoro BO)J006MeHa B npe,lJ,eJIax Teppl1TOpl111 pecny6JII1KI1
rrO)Jp06HO paCCMOTpeHbl A. n. JIaBpoBblM B II rJI. (CM. CTp. 19).
Ha CKJIOHaX EeJIOPyccKoro MaCCI1Ba MOruHOCTb Oca,lJ,Ol.JHbIX nopo)J YBe-
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BblX BO,lJ, 11 30HY MI1HepaJII130BaHHblx XJIOpl1,lJ,Ho-HaTpl1eBbIX BO,lJ,.
30Ha npecHblx BO)J C 06rueH MI1HepaJII13alJ,I1eH 0,2-0,4 c/A rrpl1ypOl.JeHa
K BepxHeH npoMblTOH l.JaCTI1 oca)JOl.JHOrO nOKpoBa. B OTJIO:tKeHI1HX HI1:tKHerO
KeM6pl1H 11 BepxHero npoTep030H BeCbMa l.JaCTO cO,lJ,ep:tKaTCH BO,lJ,bl rl1,lJ,po-
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lI,HH, B npolJ,ecce KOTOpblX npOI1Cxo)JlIT 3aMerueHI1e 110HOB KaJIbll,l1H 110HaMI1
HaTpI1H.
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)],OB lll,eJIOqHbIX 3eMeJIb.
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PyccKoro MaCCI1Ba KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 200 )],0 250 .14, npl1 MOlU,HOCTI1 fH)],POXH-
MHqeCKOH 30Hbl npecHbIx rl1)],poKap6oHaTHbix BO)], C MI1HepaJII13aIl,I1eH
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rH)].PO)].HHAMH'-I., rEOXHMH'-I. H fH)].POTEPM. 30HAJIbHOCTb nO)].3EMHbIX BO.IJ: 207


lJeHO CJIe)].YIOI1Lee co)].ep)KaHHe MHKpo::meMeHToB B MHJIJIHrpaMMax Ha JIHTp:
6poMa - 1.10- 7 -1.10- 5 ; Ho)].a - 2.10- 8 -3.10- 6 ; CTpOHlJ,HH 1,4. 10-4-
1,7.10- 3 H 60pa 2,5.10- 4 -1,7.10- 3 .
B rrpe)],eJIax 3arra)],HoH lJaCTH f10)],MOcKoBHoro (OplIIaHcKorO) apTe3H-
aHCKoro 6accellHa, r)].e KpHCTaJIJIHlJeCKHH q,YH)],aMeHT 3aJIeraeT Ha rJIy6H-
Hax 1000-1500 .M, B TOJ1Il1,e OCaJ1,OlJHbIX lIOpOJ1, BbIJ1,eJ1HeTCH TPH rHJ1,pOXHMH-
lJeCKHe 30HbI: 1) rH)],poKap60HaTHO-KaJIblJ,HeBbIX BO)],; 2) cYJIbq,aTHQ.:.!:'aJIb-
lJ,HeBbIX HJIH cYJIbq,aTHo-MarHHeBblx BO)],; 3) XJIOPH)],Ho-HaTpHeBblx H XJIO-
pH)].Ho-KaJIblJ,HeBbIX BOJ1,.
MHHepaJIH3alJ,HH BO)], B TOJII1Le OCa.IJ:OlJHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH YBeJIHlJHBaeTC<;J
C rJ1y6HHoH H J1,OcmraeT 80-120 ciA.
f10)],3eMHble BO)],bI rrepBOH 30HbI rrpHypOlJeHbI K OTJIO)KeHHHM lJeTBepTWI-
HOrO B03paCTa H nOpO)],aM BepXHerO H Cpe)].Hero )],eBOHa (lIIBeHTOHCKHe H
TapTYCKHe CJIOH). MOI1LHOCTb BO)],OBMeI1LaIOI1LHX lIOpO)], KOJIe6JIerCH B lIpe-
)],eJlax 150-250 M. B rrO)],3eMHbIX Bo)],ax ::nOH 30Hbl OTMelJaeTCH rrOBbllIIeH-
Hoe co)].ep1KaHHe q,Topa ()],O 2,5 e/A).
CYJIbq,aTHO-KaJIblJ,HeBO-MarHHeBble BO)],bI BTOpOH 30Hbl He HMeIOT Bbl-
i'J,ep)KaHHOrO paClIpOCTpaHeHHH. 3aJ1eraIOT OHH B lIpeJ1,eJIax 30Hbl aKTHBHoro
Bo)],oo6MeHa H rrpHYPOlJeHbl K 3arHrrCOBaHHbIM OTJIO)KeHHHM cpe)],Hero
)],eBOHa (HapOBCKHe CJIOH). MOI1LHOCTb Ha3BaHHblX OTJIO)KeHHH He rrpeBbl-
rnaeT 50-75 M (ropo)],a 50pHCOB, TOJIolJHH, MOrHJIeB H )],p.).
f10)],3eMHble BOi'J,bI TpeTbeH 30HbI 3aJ1eraIOT HH)Ke cOBpeMeHHblx 6a3H-
COB 3p03HH B CJIa60rrpOMbITbIX TOJII1Lax HH)KHeH lJaCTH cpe)],Hero )].eBoHa
HH)KHerO KeM6pHH H BepXHero rrpOTep030H. MOlll,HOCTb BO)],OBMeI1LaIOI1LHX
rropo)], .s)TOH rH)],pOXHMHlJeCKOH 30Hbl J1,OCTHraeT 750-1000 M. OTHolIIeHHe
Na 1 u
r CI < , lJTO CBH)],eTeJIbCTByeT 0 HaJIHlJHH B Bo)],ax 3TOH 30HbI XJIOpH)],OB
I1LeJIOlJHbIX MeTaJIJIOB. f10 cpaBHeHHIO C Bo)],aMH CKJIOHOB 5eJIOpYCCKoro rH)],-
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CTpaHeHHH XJ10pHJ1,HO-HaTpHeBbIX BOJ1, COJ1,ep1K8T lIOBbIlIIeHHoe COJ1,ep1KaHHe
6poMa (100-150 Me/A), CTpOHlJ,HH (15-45 Me/A) H )],PYrHX MHKp03JIeMeH-
TOB (1I0)]" MapraHelJ" JIHTHH H )],p.).
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HOMepHoro 3aCOJIeHHH rropoJ1, C YBeJIfIlJeHHeM HX r J1y6HHbI 3aJIeraHHH. Ha
60JIblIIHX rJIy6HHax B rropo)],ax MHoro CYJIbq,aTOB KaJIblJ,HH, a B rrJIaCTOBblX
Bo)],ax Ha Tex 1Ke rJIy6HHax CYJIbq,aTOB co)],ep)KHTCH, KaK rrpaBfIJIO, MaJIO.
.v13YlJaH COJ1,ep1KaHHe KaJIblJ,HH B lIo)],3eMHblX BOJ1,aX MHHCKa, HOBO-)].BHHCKa
(COOTBeTCTBeHHO rro rJIy6HHaM 610 H 594 M), M. 51. 51HlIIHHa YCTaHOBHJIa
CJIe)],YIOI1Lee: B Bo)],ax C co)],ep1KaHHeM KaJ1blJ,HH )],0 400 Me/A CTpOHlJ,HH CO-
)],ep)KHTCH OlJeHb MaJIO; B Bo)],ax C co)],ep)KaHHeM Ka.'1blJ,HH 400-1000 Ate/A
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B 2,5 pa3a, a B Bo)],ax C MHHepaJIH3alJ,HeH 60JIee 20 e/I/. OTHOlIIeHHe HaipHH
K KaJIHIO rrpeBbllIIaeT 100.
KaK OTMelJaeT M. A. faTaJIbCKHH (1963), BCH CJIOlKHaH raMMa BbICO-
KOKOHlJ,eHTpHpoBaHHblx paCCOJIOB I01KHOlr lJaCTH BCCP B OCHOBHOM o6pa-




208


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30BaJIaCb 3a ClJeT BbIl.IJ
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BO)],OpO)],OB. B HeKoTopbIX CKBa)KHHaX (EJIbCK 7-P H 17-P) Bbl)],emilOlll.HeCq
ra3bl co)],ep)KaJIH 65% yrJIeBo)],opo)],OB u 31 % KHCJIOTHbIX, B TOM lJHCJIe 11
cepOBO)],OpO)],. 00 )],aHHbIM Ha3BaHHoro HCCJIe)],OBaTemI, B rrO)],3eMHbIX Bo)],ax
eJIbCKHX CKBa)KHH co)],ep)KaHHe yr.'IeBo)],opO)],OB B CB060)],HO BbI)],eJI51lOIll.HXC51
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M. A. raTaJIbCKHH YKa3blBaeT, lJTO rrOBbIlIIeHHoe co)],ep)KaHHe aMMOHH51
B BOi'l,e e.'IbCKHX CKBa)KlIH (i'I,O 5216 Mc./Jl) CB513aHO C pa3pYlIIeHHeM HecpT51-
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MeCTOpO)K)],eHHH, 060ralll.eHHbIX opraHHKoH.
B ceBepHblx paHoHax EeJIOpyccHH, pacrrOJIO)KeHHblX B rrpei'l,eJIax JIaT-
BHHCKOH ce)],JIOBHHbI, rrO)],3eMHble BO)],bI rrpHypOlJeHbI K KopeHHblM OTJIO)Ke-
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paJIH3alJ,HeH B rrpei'l,eJIax 25-50 c./Jl. B HarrpaBJIeHHH Ha BOCTOK MlIHepaJIH-
3alJ,lIH YBeJ1HlJHBaeTC51 )],0 100 c./Jl 11 60JIee. MOIll.HOCTb 30HbI XJIOPlI)],Ho-HaT-
pueBblx BO)], rrOp51)],Ka 175-200 M rrpH I' JIy6HHe HX 3aJ1eraHH51 580-770 M.
00)],3eMHble BO)],bI, 3aKJIlOlJeHHbIe B Op)],OBHKCKHX OT JIO)KeHlI51X, OTHO-
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ropH30HT). I
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lJ,HeBOMY THrry C 061ll.eH MlIHepaJI1I3alJ,HeH 12-15 c./Jl. MOIll.HOCTb ::noH 1'11)],- I
POXHMJ1lJeCKOH 30Hbl He rrpeBbllIIaeT 20-25 M. '
BO)],bI, 3aKJIlOlJeHHble B HapoBcKHX OTJIO)KeHl-!5lX, lIMelOT TOT )Ke THrr, lJTO
H B rr51pHYCKHX, C MHHepaJIH3alJ,HeH B rrpe)],eJI ax )],0 10 c./ Jl.
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rrepeKpblBaeTC51 I' JIlIHaMH HlI)KHelll.HrpoBCKoro ropH30HTa cppaHcKoro Hpyca
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paCTalOlll.eH C rJIy6HHoH.
BO)],bl, 3aKJIlOlJeHHble B lJeTBepTHlJHbIX OT JIO)KeHH51X ceBepHoH lJaCTH
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rrpecHble, rlIi'I,pOKap60HaTHO-KaJIblJ,HeBOrO THrra, rrpH BeJIlIlJHHe 06llJ,eH MHHe-




rHJ].POJ].HHAMWI., rEOXHMWI. II rHJ].POTEPM. 30HAJIbHOCTb nOJ].3EMHbIX BOJ]. 209


paJU!3al.l,HU B rrpeJ].eJ1ax 0,25-0,4 ciA. B OTJ].eJ1bHbIX paHOHaX (l.JaIllHHKH,.
BeTpUHO, [10J10IJ,K U J].p.) B BOJ].e qeTBepTWIHbIX OTJ10lKeHUH OTMeqaeTCH no-
BbIIlleHHOe COJ].eplKaHUe OpraHUqeCKUX COeJ].UHeHUH, lKeJ1e3a, MeTaHa 3a
CqeT rrpOCJ10HKOB nOrpe6eHHUX TOp
HHUKOB U nocTyrrJ1eHUH BOJ]. U3 60J1ee
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113 npuBeJ].eHHux J].aHHbIX BUJ].HO, qTO U B J].aHHOM paHoHe, KaK U
B rrpeJ].bIJ].YI1.I,eM, BbIJ].eJ1HeTCH TpU rUJ].poxUMUqeCKUe 30HbI - XJ10puJ].HaH,
cYJ1b
aTHaH, rUJ].poKap60HaTHaH. MOI1.l,HOCTb 3THX 30H CJ1eJ].YIOI1.I,aH: XJ10pHJ].-
HOH - 500-600 M; CYJ1b
3THOH - 75-100 M U rUJ].poKap60HaTHoH-
100-125 M U B OTJ].eJIbHUX nYHKTax 50-75 M.
B rrpeJ].eJ1ax [1punHTcKoro apTe3uaHcKoro 6accelIHa rrop0J].bI KpUCTaJ1-
J1UqeCKOrO
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YHJ].aMeHTa 3J].eCb 3aJ1eraIOT OTJ10)KeHUH BepxHero rrpoTep030H (6eJ1oPYc-
CKaH cepuH), HU)KHerO KeM6puH (BOJ1bIHO-BaJ1J].aHcKaH cepuH), cpeJ].Hero
J].eBOHa ()KUBeTCKuH HPYC), MOI1.l,HaH TOJII1.I,a BepxHero J].eBOHa (
paHcKuH,

aMeHcKuH HPYCU), Kap6oHa, nepMu, Tpuaca, IOpbI, MeJia, rraJ1eOreHa U
HeoreHa. KopeHHbIe OTJ10)KeHUH rrOBceMeCTHO rrepeKpblBaIOTCH rropOJ].aMU
qeTBepTUqHOrO B03paCTa cpeJ].HeH MOI1.l,HOCTbIO 50-75 M. Hau60JIbIllyIO
MOI1.l,HOCTb B paHoHe UMeIOT OTJ10)KeHUH BepxHero J].eBOHa U Kap60Ha
(2000-2500 M U 60J1ee).
l.JeTBepTUqHbIe, HeoreHOBbIe, naJ1eOreHOBbIe, Me.'10BbIe U qaCTUqHO
IOpcKue OTJ10)KeHUH XOpOlliO rrpoMbITbI U cOJ].ep)KaT rrpecHbIe B OJ]. bI ruJ].po-
Kap60HaTHO-KaJ1bIJ,UeBOrO TUIIa C 06I1.1,eH BeJ1UqUHOH MUHepaJ1U3aIJ,Uu 0,2-
0,4 ciA. MOI1.l,HOCTb 3TOH 30HbI 200-250 M. BOJ1bIllUe MOI1.l,HOCTU nOH 30HbI
Ha6JIIOJ].aIOTcH B KpaeBbIx qaCTHX 6acceHHa, YMeHbllIaHcb B IJ,eHTpaJ1bHOH
ero qaCTU B MeCTax rrOHU)KeHHOrO 3aJ1eraHHH
YHJ].aMeHTa.
YKa3aHHaH BbIllIe 30HaJ1bHOCTb B pHJ].e paHoHoB BCCP OCJ10)KHHeTC>I
TeKTOHUqeCKUMU Ha PYllieHuHMu. T aK, B IIpeJ].eJ1ax ceBepHoH qaCTU [1 PUIIHT-
CKOH BrraJ].UHbI (rJ1YCK, CJIYIJ,K, CJ1yqb U J].p.) B 30HY npeCHbIX BOJ]. BHeJ].-
pHIOTCH MUHepaJ1U30BaHHbIe BOJ].bI XJ10puJ].Ho-KaJ1bIJ,UeBOrO TUIIa C BeJ1UqH-
H0I1 MUHepaJIU3aIJ,UU J].O 5-10 cjA U 60J1ee. 00J].o6Hue YCJ10BUH UMeIOTCH
TaK)Ke Ha TeppuTopUU Me)KJ].Y BUTe6cKoM, [10J10IJ,KOM U l.JaIllHuKaMu.
B 3TUX paHoHax OqeHb qaCTO MUHepaJ1U30BaHHbIe BOJ].bI XJ10puJ].Ho-KaJIb-
IJ,UeBOrO Tuna IIpOHUKaIOT B qeTBepTUqHbIe BOJ].OHOCHbIe ropU30HTbI, J].eJ1aH
UX HeIIpurOJ].HbIMU J].JIH UcnOJIb30BaHUH B IJ,eJIHX BOJ].OCHa6)KeHUH. 00J].p06-
Hue J].aHHbIe 0 XUMUqeCKOM COCTaBe BOJ]. rrpUBeJ].eHbI M. <P. K03JIOBbIM
B rJI. III (CM. CTp. 105).
00 J].aHHbIM K. Yl. JIYKallieBa, A. [1. MapKoBoH H A. A. 3aMHTKuHOH
(1960), cOJ].eplKaHue MUKp03J1eMeHTOB B rrpecHbIx BOJ].ax norD paHOHa rrpu-
MepHO TO )Ke, qTO U B BOJ].ax U3 paHOHOB BeJIOPYCCKoro rUJ].pore0J10ruqe-
CKoro MaCCUBa.
30Ha CYJ1b
aTHO-XJ10pUJ].HO-KaJ1bIJ,UeBbIX BOJ]. OXBaTblBaeT HU)KHIOIO
qaCTb IOpCKUX OTJ10lKeHUH IT BepXHIOIO qaCTb Tpuaca rrpu 06I1.1,eH ee MOI1.l,-
HOCTU 150-200 M U BeJ1UqUHe MUHepaJ1U3aIJ,UU rrOJ].3eMJ-IbIX BOJ]. 2-10 ciA.
B HU)KHeH qaCTU pa3pe3a Tpuaca rrOJ].3eMHbIe BOJ].bI IIpuo6peTaIOT
qepTbI XJ10pUJ].HO-CYJ1b
aTHO-KaJ1bIJ,UeBbIX BOJ].. TaKUM 06pa30M, HUlKHHH
rpaHUIJ,a CYJ1b
aTHbIX BOJ]. B IIpeJ].eJIax OpUIIHTCKoro apTe3uaHCKoro 6ac-
ceHHa MOlKeT 6bITb rrpOBeJ].eHa Ha rJ1y6uHe rropHJ].Ka 250-350 M OT rroBepx-
HOCTU 3eMJ1U, a IIOJ].OIllBa IIpecHbIx rUJ].poKap6oHaTHO-KaJ1bIJ,UeBbIX BOJ]. Ha
rJIy6uHe OKOJIO 200-250 M. Yl3 npuBeJ].eHHbIx J].aHHbIX BUJ].HO, qTO 30Ha
npecHbIx BOJ]. B IIpeJ].eJIax [1puIIHTcKoro apTe3uaHcKoro 6acceHHa ropa3J].o
MeHbllIe, qeM B paHoHe BeJIOPyccKoro rIIJ].pore0J10rUqeCKOrO MaCCUBa, IIPH
OOJIbllieH BeJIUqUHe 30HbI cYJ1b
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BOJ].OHOCHbIH KOMrrJ1eKC Kap6oHa, IIpeJ].cTaBJ1eHHbIH B OCHOBHOM IIeCqa-
HUKaMu, cOJ].eplKuT MUHepaJ1H30BaHHbIe BOJ].bI XJ10puJ].Ho-KaJ1bIJ,HeBoro THIIa.
14 3aK. 04368




210:


ODHCAJHHE DO.L\3EMHbIX BO.L\


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oca)J,OIJHOH TOJIllJ,H IIOCJIe IIpOX02K)J,eHHH IJepe3 60JIbWHHCTBO BO)J,OHOCHbIX
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C pH)J,OM )J,PyrHx, II,OKa He BbIHCHeHHbIX cpaKTopOB.
npH O)J,HHaKOBbIX reOJIOrHIJeCKHX YCJIOBHHX KapTa paBHbIX IIJIOTHOCTeH
TeII,TIOBbIX IIOTOKOB 6Y)J,eT B KaKOH-TO CTeIIeHH OTpa2KaTb KapTbI H30JIHHHH
.HaIIopOB IIJIaCTOBbIX BO)J,. 3TO )J,aeT B03M02KHOCTb IIYTeM nOCTpoeHHH KapT
nJIOTHOCTeH TeIIJIOBbIX IIOTOKOB OIIpe)J,eJIHTb HaIIpaBJIeHHH 3Toro )J,BH}!{eHU5I,
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GTO TaKaH B3aHMOCBH3b Me}!{)J,Y rH)J,po- H TepMO)J,HHaMHKOH 3aKOHOMepHa
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reOTepMHIJeCKHX CTYIIeHeH, HaIIpHMep, IIpHBO)J,HMbIX A. E. Ea6HHu,o.'\f
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TO Mepe OTpa}!{alOT paCIIpe)J,eJIeHHe TeIIJIOBbIX IIOTOKOB H 06bIIJHO YMeHbwa-
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paHOHax. OHa H3MeHHeTCH OT CTPYKTypHoro IIOJIO}!{eHHH TOH HJIH HHOH
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3aJIeraHHH KpOBJIH KpUCTaJIJIHIJeCKHX IIOP0)J,. OTMeIJeHO, IJTO B Tex MeCTax,
r)J,e KpOBJIH KpHCTaJIJIHIJeCKOrO CPYH)J,aMeHTa 3aJIeraeT BbICOKO, TeMIIepnypa
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216


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B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HanpaBJIeHHOCTH H aMnJII1TYAbI KOJIe6aHI1ll 3eMHOll KOpbI
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BOn,POCbI <l>OPMHPOBAHH5I nOA3EMHbIX BOA H nAJIEOrHAPorEOJIOrH5I 217


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(06I.I.(aH I1H<PI1JIbTpaU:I1H 3a BbIQeTOM I1CnapeHI1H I1 TpaHcnlfpaU:lfI1 C ypOBHH
rpYHTOBbIX BO)],). Cpe)],HerO)],OBbfe K03<p<pHU:I1eHTbI nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa nOKa-
3bIBaIOT, KaKaH 'laCTb Bbma)],aIOI.I.(I1X oca)],KOB If)],eT Ha nI1TaHI1e nO)],3eMHbIX
BO)]" HaXO)],HI.I.(HXCH B c<pepe )],peHlfpYIOI.I.(erO B03)],errCTBlfH pe'lHOH: CeTI1,
TaKlfM 06pa30M OHa COCTaBJIHeT Ba1KHerrllIYIO )],JI5J. nO)],3eMHbIX BO)], BO)],HO-
6aJIaHCOBYIO xapaKTepI1CTI1KY.
00 KapTaM nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa, COCTaBJIeHHbIM )],JIH TeppI1TOpHI1 BCCP,
paCCQHTbrBaIOTCH paCXO)J,bI nO)],3eMHbIX BO)], )],JIH JII06bfX nJIolll,a)],ei'I, npe1K)J,e
Bcero )],JIH rH)],poreOJIOrlf'leCKI1X paiiOHOB I1 no)],parrOHOB, a TaK1Ke )J,JIH a)J,MIf-
HIfOTpaTI1BHbIX no)],pa3)],eJIeHI1H: pecny6JII1KH.
,QJIH 3Toro npI1MeHHIOTCH CJIe)],YIOI.I.(lfe <POPMYJIbI:
a) no KapTe cpe)],HerO)],OBbIX MO)],YJIeii
Q = 86 4 . M p.
, n,


6) no KapTe ro)],oBoro CJIOH nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa
Q=2,74. hnP;
B) no KapTe cpe)],HerO)],OBbIX K03<p<pI1U:HeHTOB
Q=O,03. KnX. P,




ECTECTBEHHblE PECYPCbI nO)].3EMHbIX BOLL


225


T)].e Q - pacxo)]. nO,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, C nJIOIIJ;a,lJ,H F, M 3 /CYTlW; F - nJIOIIJ;a)J.b
BOLLoc60pa nO)].3eMHbIX BO)]., K.M. 2 ; M n - Cpe,lJ,HerO,lJ,OBOH MO,lJ,YJIb rrO,lJ,3eMHOro
CTOKa, A./ceK/KM2; h n - CJIOH nO,lJ,3eMHOro CTOKa, MM; Kn - K03cpcpHI.t:HeHT
nOLL3eMHoro CTOKa, %; X - Cpe,lJ,HeMHOrOJIeTH5I5I ro)].OBa51 BeJIHqHHa aTMO-
ccpepHbIX oca)].KOB Ha rrJIOIIJ;a,lJ,H Bo)].oc60pa, MM. ECJIH paCXO,lJ,bI onpe,lJ,eJI5ITb
rro MIIHIIMaJIbHbIM (cpeLLHeMHOrOJIeTHI1M) MO)].YJIHM nOLL3eMHoro CTOKa, TO
YCTaHaBJJIIBaIOTC5I rapaHTHpOBaHHble BeJIlflIHHbI eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypCOB
rrOLL3eMHbIX BOLL Ha 3aLLaHHOH rrJIOIIJ;aLLH.
XapaKTepIICTIIKa nO,lJ,3eMHoro CTOKa, H306paLKeHHa51 Ha CXeMaTHlJeCKHX
KapTax, paCKpbIBaeT YCJIOBH5I ero cpOpMIIpOBaHH5I, CBOHCTBeHHble reorpacpH-
qeCKOH 30He, K KOTOpOH rrpIIHa,lJ,JIeLKliT BCCP, a TaKLKe BJIH5IHIIe MeCTHblX
HHTpa30HaJIbHbIX oc06eHHocTeH, COCT05lIIJ;IIX H3 3a60JIoqeHHbIX rrpoCTpaHcTB
(34 % BceH rrJIOIIJ;aLLII pecny6JIIIKII), JIeCOB (31 %), Bo)].opa3)].eJIbHbIX B03Bbl-
weHHocTeH H T. rr.
30HaJIbHble 3aKoHoMepHocTII nOLL3eMHoro CTOKa 51BJI5IIOTC5I pe3YJIbTaTOM
BJIH5IHHH rrpHpO,lJ,HblX cpaKTopoB, npeLK)].e Bcero KJIIIMaTI-IqeCKHX cpaKTopoB,
KOTopble rro-pa3HoMY BJJII5IIOT Ha cpOpMIIpoBaHHe H xapaKTep pacnpe,lJ,eJIe-
HIIH rrOLL3eMHoro CTOKa B rrpeLLeJIaX rrJIOIIJ;?,lJ,H pelJHMX 6acceHHoB rrpli H3Me-
HeHIIH reOJIOrHqeCKIIX, reoMopcpOJIOrIIlJeCKliX II rH.n:poreoJIOmqeCKHX YCJIO-
BHH B OT)].eJIbHbIX paHoHax.
3a ClJeT HHcpIIJIbTpaU:IIII aTMoccpepHoH BOLLbI rrpoIIcxoLLIIT cpOpMHpoBa-
HIIe rrpeLKLLe Bcero pecypcoB rrpecHblx rrOLL3eMHbIX BOLL 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro
BOLLo06MeHa. B YCJIOBIIHX BeJIOPYCCHH IIHTeHCHBHbIH BOLLo06MeH lJepe3 rrOLL-
3eMHbIH CTOK B peKII BHLLOII3MeH5IeTC5I B 3aBIICIIMOCTH OT CTPYKTYPbI BOLLO-
HOCHbIX ropII30HTOB II IIX KOMrrJIeKCOB, LLpeHIIpyeMblx pelJHOH ceTblO. f1 pe06-
JIaLLalOT YCJIOBIIH, KorLLa LLpeHIIpYIOTC5I BOLLOHOCHble ropII30HTbI, IIMelOIIJ;IIe
fHLLpaBJIIIlJeCKlIe CB5I3II MeLKLLY C060H II C peKaMli. B ceBepHbIX pelJHbIX 6ac-
ceHHax BCCP 3TII ropH30HTbI BbIXOLL5IT B peqHble ,lJ,OJIHHbI B BIILLe MHoro-
3TaLKHOH BOLLOHOCHOH TOJIIIJ;II - MeLKj\10peHHbIX H rrOLLMopeHHbIX (Me3030H-
CKO-rraJIe030HCKIIX) ropII30HTOB, a Ha lOre B f10JIeCbe B BliLLe OLLH03TaLKHOH
TOJJIIJ;II - qeTBepTIIqHO-HeOreHOBO-naJIeOreHOBO-Me3030HCKOH. f1pHH5ITO ClJII-
TaTb, qTO B IIHTeHCIIBHOM BOLLo06MeHe yqaCTBYIOT, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M, rrpec-
Hble rrOLL3eMHble BOLLbI B rrpeLLeJIaX Tex OTJIOLKeHIIH, KOTopLIe HaXOLL5ITC5I
B CTaLLIIII rrOCJleLLHero rrpOMbIBaHII5I aTMoccpepHbIMII BOLLaMII; rpaHIIu:a 30HbI
HHTeHCIIBHoro BOLLo06MeHa rrpOXOLLHT Ha ypOBHe 6a3IICOB rrOLL3eMHoro
CTOKa B ;XOJIIIHaX rJIaBHbIX peK 6acceHHOB H B Mope, B pe3YJIbTaTe lJero
rrO;X3eMHble BO;XbI Bcex BO;XOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB 3TOH 30HbI coBMeCTHO HJIH
qepe3 BbIWeJIeLKaIIJ;IIe OTJIOLKeHII5I YlJaCTBYIOT B rrO;X3eMHOM rrHTaHHII peK.
BeJIHlJHHbI MO;XYJIH rrO;X3eMHoro CTOKa ,3aKOHOMepHO YBeJIHlJIIBalOTC5I OT
2-3 A./ceK/KM 2 Ha u:eHTpaJIbHOH B03BblweHHOH qaCTH BeJIOPyccHII (BaJI-
THHcKo-l.JepHoMopCKHH Bo;XOpa3;XE'JI) ;XO 4,0-4,5 A./ceK/KM 2 Ha ceBepo-3a-
rra;xe B 6acceHHe HeMaHa II ;Xo 3,5-4,0 A./ceK/KM 2 Ha ceBepe B 6acceHHe
3arr. LlBHHbI; YMeHbWaIOTC5I MO;XYJIH ;XO 1,5-1,0 A./ceK/KM 2 , a Ha OT;xeJIbHbIX
yqaCTKaX ;XO < 1,0 A./ceK/KM 2 Ha lOre II IOrO-BOCTOKe B paHoHe f10JIeCCKOH
HH3MeHHOCTII - 6acceHHbI f1pHrr5lTH, MyxaBu:a, cpe;XHero LlHerrpa H HIILK-
Hero COLKa. Cpe;XHerO;XOBble K03cpqJlIU:IIeHTbI rrO,lJ,3eMHOro CTOKa II3MeH5IIOTCH
B Tex LKe HarrpaBJIE'HH5IX OT 20-16 ;xo 8-4% B f10JJeCbe.
YMeHbweHIIe MO;XYJIeH II K03cpcpIIU:HeHToB rrO;X3eMHoro CTOKa B f10JIeCbe
0603HaqaeT YBeJIIIqeHIIe rrpou:eHTa 3a60JIoqeHHOCTH, oc06eHHo B MeCTax MH-
HIIMaJIbHbIX JIeTHHX MO;XYJIeH. OCHoBaHo 3TO Ha TOM rrOJIOLKeHHII, qTO rJIaB-
HaH pOJIb B cpOpMHpOBaHliH rrO;X3eMHoro (rPYHTOBoro) CTOKa B 6acceHHax
paBHIIHHoro TIIrra rrpIIHa;XJIeLKIIT Bo;xaM MeTeopHoro CTOKa (oc06eHHO
TaJIbIX CHerOBbIX BO;X), BII;xOII3MeH5IIOIIJ;erOCH B 3aBIICHMOCTH OT rrpou:eHTa
JIeCIICTOCTH, 3a60JIoqeHHOCTII, MOpcpOJ10rIIqeCKIIX H JIIITOJIOrIIqeCKliX oc06eH-
HOCTeH rrO;XCTliJIalOIIJ;eH rrOBepXHOCTli. MOLKHO ClJHTaTb YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM, lJTO
TOpcp5lHble 60JIOTa MaJIO rrIITalOT peKH, a IIHTeHCHBHO HCrrap5llOT BO,lJ,Y
15 3aK. 04368




226


PECYPCbI I1PECHbIX ,nOLl:3EMHbIX BOl(


B aTMOC<pepy, OCo6eHHO KOr,LJ:a 60JIOTa ITepeITOJIHeHbI H HaCbIIII,eHbI BO,LJ:OH.
fJIaBHYIO pOJIb B IIlITaHHH BO,LJ:OH peK B Me)KeHHbIH: nepHO,Q HrpaIOT He TOp-
<p5IHble rrOqBbI 6acceHHa, a rreCqaHble rpYHTbI, oco6eHHO Ha BO,LJ:Opa3,LJ:eJIaX,
Tep5IIOIII,HX cpaBHHTeJIbHO MeHbllle BO,LJ:bI Ha I1crrapeHHe ITO cpaBHeHHIO
C rrOHMaMH H 3a6oJIoqeHHbIMli rrJI o III, a,LJ:5I MH, qeMY COOTBeTCTBYIOT 60JIbillHe
Ha HI1X JIeTHlie MO,LJ:YJIH CTOKa (JIaBpoB, 1961).
BblcoKHe 3HaqeHH5I MO,LJ:YJI5I ITO,LJ:3eMHOro CTOKa B BepxHeH qaCTH 6ac-
ceHHa BHJIHH, B BepXOBb5IX rrpHToKoB HeMaHa - faBbH, I1CJIOqH, Bepe3HHbI,
B BepXOBb5IX rrpHToKoB 3arr. lI.BlIHbI -lI.pHcCbI, HHIlLH, CBOJIbHbI, B Bep-
XOBb5IX rrpHToKoB Bepe31IHbI, CBHCJIOqH, Bo6pa, MO)KH, rrpHypOqeHbI K yqa-
CTKaM, xapaKTepH3yIOIlI,HMC5I 6JIarOrrpH5ITHbIMH YCJIOBI15IMH HH<PHJIbTpau:mI
3HaQHTeJIbHOrO KOJIHQeCTBa aTMoc<pepHbIx OCa,LJ:KOB H BbICOKHMH rpa,LJ:l1eH-
TaMH rlI.lI.pO,LJ:HHaMlIqeCKOrO rrOTeHlLHaJIa B rrOTOKax rrO,LJ:3eMHbIX BO,LJ:, ,LJ:peHH-
PyeMblx PYCJIaMH peK. 3TOMY B H3BeCTHoll CTerreHH crroco6cTByeT 60JIee
crrOKOHHbIH xapaKTep )J,OqeTBepTHQHOH rrOBepxHOCTH Ha 3TH X yqaCTKaX, 6JIa-
rO,LJ:ap5I qeMY 3.l1.eCb HeT YCJIOBliH ,LJ:JI5I OTBO.ll.a rrO,LJ:3eMHbIX BO,LJ: ITO rJIy60KHM
rr3JIeo,LJ:peH3M K ,LJ:OJIHH3M rJI3BHbIX peK 63ccellHOB.
BbIIIOJIHeHHble I1CCJIe.ll.OBaHH5I 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH rrO,LJ:3eMHOro CTOKa
rr03BOJI5IIOT rrpOH3BO,LJ:HTb pefl10HaJIbHYIO ou:eHKY pecypCOB rrpeCHbIX rrO,LJ:3eM-
HbIX BO,LJ: TeppHTopHH BCCP. BeJIHqHHbI, rrOKa3aHHble Ha KapTax rrO,Q3eM-
Horo CTOKa, xapaKTepH3YIOT CYM!\lapHbIH rrO,LJ:3eMHbIH CTOK B peKH H3 Bcex
BO,LJ:OHOCHbIX KOMrrJIeKCOB 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro BO,LJ:006MeHa. no KapTaM H
THrrOBbIM cxeMaM ,LJ:peHupOBaHH5I ou:eHI1BaeTC5I ,LJ:OJIeBOe yqaCTHe Ka)K,LJ:OrO
BO,LJ:OHOCHOro KOMrrJIeKCa B rrO,LJ:3eMHOM rrl1TaHHH peK.
OlLeHKa eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypCOB rrO,LJ:3eMHbIX BO,LJ: 30HbI HHTeHCHBHoro
BO,LJ:006MeHa rrpOH3BO.ll.lIJIaCb rro KapTe pacrrpe,LJ:eJIeHH5I Cpe,LJ:HHX BeJIHqHH
rO,LJ:OBorO CJI05I rrO,LJ:3eMHOro CTOKa. CYMMapHble BeJIHqHHbI eCTeCTBeHHbIX
pecypCOB ,LJ:aHbI rrpe)K.lI.e Bcero rro fH,LJ:poreOJIOfHqeCKHM pallOHaM H rrO,LJ:paH-
OHaM ,LJ:peHHpOBaHH5I (Ta6JI. 51) B BH,LJ:e paCXO,LJ:OB (M 3 /ceK), H rro 3THM
paCXO,LJ:aM B BlI,LJ:e Cpe,LJ:HHX ,LJ:JI5I Ka)K,LJ:OH: ITJIOIlI,a,LJ:H MO,LJ:YJIeH (A./ceK/KM 2 ).
Ou:eHKa eCTeCTBeHHblX pecypCOB rrO,LJ:3eMHbIX BO.ll. ITO OT,LJ:eJIbHbIM BO,LJ:O-
HOCHbIM KOMrrJIeKCaM .lI.aHa B rrpe,LJ:eJI3X Ka)K,LJ:OrO paHoHa ,LJ:peHHpOBaHH5I H
CYMMapHO rro BceH TeppHTopHH BeJIOpyccl1H (Ta6JI. 52). 3Ta OlLeHKa
OCHOBaHa Ha corrOCTaBJIeHHH OCHOBHbIX rH,LJ:pOreOJIOrHqeCKHX ,LJ:aHHbIX 06 OT-
,LJ:eJIbHbIX BO,LJ:OHOCHWX KOMrrJIeKCaX H 3HaJIH3e YCJIOBI1H HX ,LJ:peHHpOBaHI15I
peKaMH. nOJIYQeHHble BeJIHqlIHbI eCTeCTBeHHblX pecypcoB ITO,LJ:3eMHbIX BO,LJ: ITO
CTp 3 THrp a<pHqeCKHM rro,LJ:p a3,LJ:eJIeHH5IM BO,LJ:OHOCHbIX OT JIO)KeHHll 0603Ha-
qaIOT Cpe,LJ:HHe rO,LJ:OBbIe (cpe,LJ:HeMHOrOJIeTHHe) 3HaqeHH5I ,LJ:JI5I TeppHTOp1111
paHOHOB H rrO.ll.paHOHOB, r,LJ:e OHH pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI, Ha OCHOBaHliH qero
,LJ:aIOTC5I CYMMapHble xap 3KTepHCTliKH rro BeJIOPYCCHH B u:eJIOM. BeJIHql1HbI
eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypcoB rrO,LJ:3eMHbIX BO,LJ: OT,LJ:eJIbHbIX BO,LJ:OHOCHbIX KOMITJIeK-
COB HOC5IT rrOKa rrpU6JIH)KeHHbIH xapaKTep.
fpaHHu:a 30HbI ,LJ:peHlIpOBaHH5I peKaMH, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMa5I rro rrepeXO,LJ:Y
rrpeCHbIX BO,LJ: B MHHepaJIH30BaHHble, lIMeeT HeKOTopbIe aHOMaJIHH Ha yqa-
CTKax CJIO)KHbIX fH.lI.poreOJIOfHqeCKHX YCJIOBHH (D 2 gv Ha ceBepe BCCP
H T. ,LJ:.) H B MeCTax ITO,LJ:TOKa MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIX BO,LJ:, BOBJIeKaeMbIX' Ha
HeKOTopbIX yqaCTKaX peqHbIX ,LJ:OJIHH B CTOK peK. 0 JIOKaJIbHOM 3HaqeHHH
rH,LJ:pOXHMHqeCKHX aHOMaJIHH CKa3aHO B HallIHX pa60Tax rro rrO,LJ:3eMHoMY
CTOKY (JIaBpoB, 1961, 1963).


Ecmecm8eHHbie pecypcbl nOa3e.MHblX 80a ltem8epmUltHbiX
om.llo:JICeHuii


T-la TeppHTopHH BeJIOpyccHH qeTBepTHqHble OTJIO)KeHH5I paCITpOCTpa-
HeHbI rrOBceMeCTHO, HO ITO 06IlI,eH MOIlI,HOCTH, KOJIHqeCTBY BO,LJ:OHOCHbIX ropl1-
30HTOB H I1X BO,LJ:006I1JIbHOCTH OT,QeJIbHbIe peqHbIe 6acceHHbI 3HaqHTeJIbHO




ECTECTBEHHblE PECYPCbI nOjJ,3EMHb!X BOjJ,


227.


T a 6 JI H II: a 51
ECTecTBeHHble pecYPcbI nO)!.3eMHblX BO)!. paHoHoB )!.peHHpoBaHHII


PaiiOH, noppaiiOH nJIorua.n:b, EcreCTBeHHble CpePHHii
ppeHHpOBaHHH KAt' pecypCbI, MO.n:YJ1b,
At 3 1 eeK A/ceK/KAt'
PaiiOH 1 - ceBepHbIii 63 805 174,7 2,8
nOJJ.paiioH l A 10 613 36,7 3,4
110.n:paHoH (E 9039 25,9 2,9
no.n:paiioH IB 23 522 63,4 2,7
110JJ.paiioH I r 20 632 48,7 2,4
PaiiOH 11 - L\eHTpaJIbHbIH 60 503 15!1,4 2,6
no.n:paiioH llA 22 262 67,1 3,0
nOJJ.paiiOH lIE 11 840 28,3 2,4
nOJJ.paiioH lIB 26 100 61,0 2,3
PaiiOH III - KJlKHblii 82180 122,1 1,5
nOJJ.paHoH 111 A 11 920 31,4 2,6
nOJJ.paHOH WE 8573 6,8 0,8
nOJJ.paiioH m B 19691 23,2 1,2
nOJJ.paiioH I!1 f 30 423 38,4 1,3
nOJJ.paHoH 1lIl!. 11 573 22,3 1,9


------------


Me)KjJ,Y C060H OTJIHlJaIOTCH. OCHOBHbIe 3aKOHOMepHOCTH pacnpejJ,eJIeHHH
lJeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH H HX 06BOjJ,HeHHOCTH OIIpejJ,eJIHIOTCH YCJIOBHHMH
cpOpMHpOBaHHH jJ,OqeTBepTHlJHOH IIOBepXHOCTH, HeOTeKTOHHKOH H, CJIejJ,OBa-
TeJIbHO, H3MeHeHHHMH B HarrpaBJIeHHH CTOKa B jJ,peBHeH (rrOrpe6eHHOli) H
COBpeMeHHOH pelJHOH ceTH.
HaH60JIbillHe MOllI,HOCTH lJeTBepTHlJHbIX 06pa30BaHHH IIpHypOqeHbI
K BOjJ,opa3jJ,eJIbHbIM BaJITHHCKO-4epHOMOpCKHM B03BbIllIeHHOCTHM (250-
300 At), HaHMeHblllHe - K IO)KHOH lJaCTH BeJIOpYCCHH (50 At). OCHOBHbIe
BOjJ,OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI IIpHypOqeHbI K Me)KMOpeHHbIM cpJIIOBHOrJIHI.(HaJIb-
HbIM IIeCKaM; Ha ceBepe - MOCKOBCKO-BaJIjJ,aHCKHM, jJ,HerrpOBCKO-MOCKOB-
CKHM, B I.(eHTpaJIbHOH qaCTH - jJ,HeIIpOBCKO-MOCKOBCKHM H 6epe3HHCKO-jJ,He-
rrpOBCKHM OTJIO)KeHHHM H Ha IOre B DOJIecbe - 6epe3HHCKO-jJ,HeIIpOBCKHM.
Bce 3TH BOjJ,OHOCHbIe rOpH30HTbI, rHjJ,paBJIHlJeCKH CBH3aHHbIe Me)KjJ,Y C060H
H C HajJ,MOpeHHbIMH aJIJIIOBHaJIbHO-cpJIIOBHOrJIHI.(HaJIbHbIMH OT JIO)KeHHHMH,
HBJIHIOTCH OCHOBHbIMH HCTOlJHHKaMH BOjJ,OCHa6)KeHHH Ha 60JIbilleH lJaCTH
TeppHTOpHH pecIIy6JIHKH; lJallI,e BCerO OHH HCIIOJIb3YIOTCH B KOMIIJIeKCe
C HH)KeJIe)KallI,HMH jJ,OlJeTBepTHlJHbIMH BOjJ,OHOCHbIMH rOpH30HTaMH HJIH KOM-
rrJIeKCaMH.
4eTBepTHlJHbIe OTJIO)KeHHH 3aHHMaIOT Ha TeppHTOpHH BeJIOPyccHH OCO-
60e IIOJIO)KeHHe, TaK KaK OHH IIpejJ,CTaBJIHIOT cpejJ,Y HaH60JIee HHTeHCHBHOrO
BOjJ,006MeHa: B qeTBepTHlJHbIX OTJIO)KeHHHX IIpOHCXOjJ,HT B0306HOBJIeHHe IIOjJ,-
3eMHbIX BOjJ, lJepe3 HHcpHJIbTpaI.(HIO H KOHjJ,eHCaI.(HIO aTMOCcpepHbIX OCajJ,KOB
H IIOqTH BCe BOjJ,OHOCHb!e KOMIIJIeKCb! 30Hb! HHTeHCHBHOrO BOjJ,006MeHa
(qeTBepTHlJHbIe H jJ,OlJeTBepTHlJHbIe) jJ,peHHPYIOTCH PYCJIaMH peK lJepe3
aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIe H <bJIIOBHOrJIHI.(HaJIbHble 06pa30BaHHH pelJHbIX jJ,OJIHH.


15*




2



PECY'PCbI nPECHbiX nO)],3EMiHbiX BO)],


T a 6 JI II g a 52


ECTeCTBeHHble pecYPcbI nO)!.3eMHbIX BO)), OCHOBHblX
BO)),OHOClfbiX rop"30HTOB II KOMnJIeKCOB *


rHlIpOreOJlO- reOJlOrHtIeCKHH
H03paCT HOllOHOCH. n,'OUJ.allb pacnpo- ECTeCTBeHHbIe CpellHHH MOllY JIb,
fHtJeCKHH: ropH30HTOH CTpaHeHHSl, K.M 2 pecypCbI, .M 3 /ceK M/ceK(KM'
paiiOH H KOMnvleKCOB
Q 206 488 168,1 0,8
I 63 805 71,5
II 60 503 58,5
III 82180 38.1
N+Pg 80155 22,6 0,3
I - -
11 - -
111 80155 22,6
Cr 2 sn + t 141 158 76,7 0,5
1 Cr 2cm - -
11 58177 39,9
111 82180 36,8
13+2 49 568 19,7 0,4
I - -
11 7712 2,8
III 41856 16,9
D3 fr 20 632 19,5 0,9
1 20 632 19,5
11 - -
111 - -


v
D3+2SV + t 70 254 53,3 0,8
I 44 154 27,4
11 26 100 31,9
III
D 2 nr + pr 53 034 65,3 1,2
1 41 194 56,3
11 11 840 9,0
III
Cmlvd 36561 22,0 0,6
I
1/ 20 028 14,3
111 16533 7,7


* ITJlOUl,a!(H BO!(OHOCHbIX KOMI1JIeKCOB onpelI,eJIeHbI C yqeTOM HX HeO)),HHaKOBoro pac-
npelI,eJleHlI5! B rH!(poreOJlOrllqeCKHX nO!(paHOHax.




ECTECfBEHHbIE PECYPCbl nOLL3EMHbIX BOLL


229


ECTeCTBeHHbIe peCypCbI lIOLL3eMHbIX BOLL Ha BCeH lIJIOIlLaLLI1 paClIpOCT-
paHeHHH ::noro KOMIJJIeKCa COCTaBJIHIOT OKOJIO 168,1 M 3 JceK. CpeLLHI1H
MOLLYJIb lIOLL3eMHoro CTOKa 113 qeTBepnrqHbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH lIpI16JII1)KeHHO
paBeH 0,8 A./ceK/Kht 2 .
EcmeCm8el-tftble pecypcbl nOa3e.MHblX 80a l-teOZeH080-
na.lleOZeH08blX om.llo:JICeHllii


HeoreHOBO-lIaJIeoreHOBbIe BOLLOHOCHbIe OTJIO)KeHHH paclIpocTpaHeHbI
B IO)KHOH qaCTI1 BCCP, Ha IJJIOIlLaLLH TpeTbero rHLLPOreOJIOrl1qeCKOrO paHoHa
LLpeHl1pOBaHHH. Dpe06JIaLLaIOT YCJIOBHH, KorLLa lIeCqaHble OTJIO)KeHI1H Heo-
reH-lIaJIeOreHa (N + Pg) COCTaBJIHIOT C qeTBepTHqHbIMI1 OTJIO)KeHI1HMI1
O)I.HY BO)J,OHOCHYIO TOJIIlLY, )J,peHHpyeMYIO peKaMI1 qepe3 a.1JJIIOBl1aJIbHble OT-
JIO)KeHHH Teppac H IJORM.
BO)J,bI 3TI1X OTJIO)KeHHH nmpoKo I1ClIOJIb3YIOTCH )J,JIH BO)J,ocHa6)KeHI15I,
oc06eHHo Ha IOre H IOrO-BOCTOKe BCCP. BOJIee lIecTpble lIO BO)J,006IIJIbHOCTH
lIeCqaHO-rJIHHI1CTble HeoreHOBble OTJIO)KeHI1H MaJIO 113MeHHIOT YCJIOBI1H <pop-
MHpOBaHI1H eCTeCTBeHHblX pecypcoB IJO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J, 3Toro KOMlIJIeKCa, TaK
KaK OHH paclIpoCTpaHeHbI TOJIbKO Ha OT)J,eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX TpeTbero (IO)K-
Horo) paHoHa, Ha lIJIOIlLa)J,H 28029 KM 2 , a IJO )J,OJIHHaM peK pa3MbITbI.
MOIlLHOCTb HeoreH-lIaJIeOreHOBblx BO)J,OHOCHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH H3MeHHeTCH
OT 10 )J,O 140 M*. CYMMapHble eCTeCTBeHHble pecypcbI Ha BceH lIJIOIlLa)J,H I1X
paCIJpOCTpaHeHHH, paBHoH 80 155 K.M 2 , COCTaBJIHIOT lIpHMepHo 22,6 M 3 /ceK.
Cpe)J,HHH MO)J,YJIb lIO)J,3eMHoro CTOKa H3 OTJIO)KeHHH 3Toro KOMlIJIeKCa paBeH
OKOJIO 0,3 A/ceK/K.M 2 . He yqHTbIBaIOTcH MaJIOMOIlJ,Hble lIaJIeOreHOBble OTJIO-
)KeHHH Ha IJJIOIlLa)J,H 1158 K.M 2 BToporo paHoHa )J,peHHpoBaHHH, eCTeCTBeH-
Hble pecypcbI KOTOpbIX BXO)J,HT B COCTaB QeTBepTl1qHOrO KOMlIJIeKca.


Ecmecm8eHHbie pecypcbl nOa3e.MHblX 'Boa 8epXHe.Me.l108blX
om.llo:JICeHllii


B IJpe)J,eJIax BToporo rH)J,poreOJIOrrrqeCKOrO paHoHa )J,peHHpoBaHHH,
B cpe)J,HeH qaCTH BeJIopyccHH, BO)J,OHOCHble BepXHeMeJIOBble OTJIO)KeHHH 3a-
JIeraIOT HelIocpe)J,cTBeHHo lIO)J, qeTBepTHqHbIMH OTJIO)KeHHHMI1 II COCTaB-
JIHIOT BMeCTe C lIo)J,MopeHHbIM BO)J,OHOCHbIM ropH30HTOM 06IlLHH BO)J,OHOCHbIH
KOMlIJIeKC. Ha IOre BepXHeMeJIOBble OT JIO)KeHHH lIOBCIO)J,Y paClIOJIO)KeHbI lIO)J,
HeoreHOBO-IJaJIeOreHOBbIMH BO)J,OHOCHbIMH OTJIO)KeHHHMH, KpoMe IO)KHOH
qaCTH IJo)J,paHoHoB IIIB H IIIB, r)J,e OHH qaCTHqHO lIOKpbITbI qeTBepTHqHbIMH
OTJIO)KeHHHMH He60JIbIIIOH MOIlLHOCTH.
B BepxHeH qaCTH BepXHeMeJIOBOrO BO)J,OHOCHoro KOMlIJIeKCa 3alIa)J,a H
BOCTOKa peclIy6JIHKH paclIpocTpaHeH ceHoH-TypOHCKHH ropH30HT MepreJIb-
HO-MeJIOBOH TOJIIlLH, B u.eHTpaJIbHOH qaCTH - JIHIllb TypOHCKHH. HH)Ke 3THX
OTJIO)KeHHH, a HHor)J,a lIO)J, qeTBepTHqHbIMH ropH30HTaMH 3aJIeraeT ceHOMaH-
CKHH BO)J,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT. Bce 3TH ropH30HTbI rH)J,paBJIHqeCKH Me)K)J,Y
C060H CBH3aHbI H He HMeIOT perHOHaJIbHbIX BO)J,0YlIOPOB HH B KpOBJIe, HI1
B IJO)J,OIIIBe, rr03TOMY )J,peHHpYIOTCH peqHOH ceTbIO HJII1 HeIJOCpe)J,CTBeHHO
(Ha lorO-3arra)J,e B )J,OJIHHaX peK TYPbH, JIecHaH H )J,p., Ha BOCTOKe B )J,OJIH-
Hax CO)Ka, ,lI,HelIpa H )J,p.), HJIH qepe3 BbIIlleJIe)KaIlLHe BO)J,OHOCHble OTJIO)Ke-
HHH. MOIlLHOCTb BepXHeMeJIOBbIX BO)J,OHOCHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH Ha OT)J,eJIbHbIX
yqaCTKaX COCTaBJIHeT 145-185 M.
Ha BceH lIJIOIlLa)J,H HX paclIpocTpaHeHHH, paBHoH 141 158 KM 2 , eCTeCT-
BeHHble pecYPcbI lIO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J, COCTaBJIHIOT OKOJIO 76,7 M 3 /ceK. Cpe)J,HI1H
MO)J,YJIb lIO)J,3eMHoro CTOKa H3 BepXHeMeJIOBbIX OTJIO)KeHI1H paBeH lIPH-
MepHo 0,5 A/ceK/KM 2 .


* MOW.HOCTIJ BO!(OHOCHbIX KOMIIJIeKCOB B35!TbI C reOJIOrIJ'JeCKIJX IJ rIJ.lLporeOJIorll'Je-
CKHX npoljJlIJIei'l.




230


PECYPCbI nPECHbIX nO,n:3EMHbIX ,BO,n:


EcmecmBeHHble peCYPCbl n003e.MHbIX BOO IOpCI£UX om.llo:JICeHuii


lOpcKIIe BO)J,oHoCHbIe OTJIO)l{eHHH, He HMeIOW:He CIJJIOIIIHOM Bo,n:oynop-
HOM KpOBJIII II ,n:peHHpyeMble peKaMII, npHypOqeHbI K TpeW:IIHOBaTbIM H3Be-
CTHHKaM, MepreJIHM H IJeCKaM. DJIow:a)J,b HX pacnpOCTpaHeHHH OrpaHIIqeHa
OT)J,eJIbHbIMH yqaCTKaMII B 3aIJa)J,HOM qaCTH BToporo H TpeTbero rII)J,poreo-
JIOmqeCKHX paHOHOB )J,peHHpOBaHHH, B 6acceHHax peK HeM aHa, Byra,
MyxaBQa, JIecHOH. B BOCTOqHOH lIOJIOBHHe BeJIopyccHH BepXHe- H cpe)J,He-
IOpCKHe BO)J,OHOCHbIe OTJIO)l{eHHH IJpHypOqeHbI K HH)l{HeH qaCTH 6acceHHa
DpHIJHTH, K cpe)J,HeH qaCTH 6acceHHa )J.Henpa, CO)l{a, HH)l{HeH qaCTH 6ac-
ceHHa Bepe3HHbI. MOW:HOCTb IOpCKHX OTJIO)l{eHHH, necTpblx no cOCTaBY H
Heo)J,Hopo)J,HbIX lIO BO)J,006HJIbHOCTH, COCTaBJIHeT B 3aIJa)J,HbIx IJo)J,paHoHax
OT 10-30 )J,O 80-90 M, a B BOCTOqHbIX paHoHax 60-150 M. Ba)l{HbIM
HCTOqHHKOM BO)J,ocHa6)KeHHH OHH HBJIHIOTCH B 6acceHHe HeMaHa, r)J,e pa3-
Be)J,aH 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH 6acceHH IOpCKHX HalIopHbIX BO)J" a TaK)Ke Ha IOrO-3a-
IJa)J,e BCCP; qaCTO HX HCIJOJIb30BaHHe paccMaTpHBaeTcH BMeCTe C BepxHe-
MeJIOBbIM BO)J,OHOCHbIM KOMnJIeKCOM, C BO)J,aMH KOToporo OHH rH,n:paBJIII-
qeCKH CB5I3aHbI.
CYMMapHble eCTeCTBeHHble pecypcbI IJO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J, IOpcKoro BO)J,OHOC-
Horo KOMI1JIeKCa Ha BceH IJJIow:a)J,H HX pacnpocTpaHeHHH 49568 KM 2 Bblpa-
)l{aIOTCH IJpH6JIH)KeHHOH BeJIHqHHOH 19,7 M 3 /ceK. Cpe)J,HHH MO)J,YJIb nO)J,3eM-
Hora CTOKa H3 3THX OTJIO)KeHHH paBeH OKOJIO 0,4 lI./ceK/KM 2 .


EcmecmBeHHble pecypcbl n003e.MHbIX BOO BepxHeiJeBoHCI£UX
OmJlo:JlceHuii


DeCqaHble H Kap60HaTHble nopo)J,bI BepXHero )J,eBOHa 3aHHMaIOT ceBe-
PO-BOCTOqHYIO qaCTb BCCP, B 6acceHHe 3an. )J.BHHbI, qaCTHqHO )J.Henpa.
BO)J,bI 3THX OTJIO)l{eHHH 5IBJIHIOTCH B pH)J,e MeCT OCHOBHbIM HCTOqHHKOM
BO)J,OCH a 6)l{eH H5I , TeM 60JIee, qTO OHH rH)J,paBJIHqeCKH CBH3aHbI C cpe,n:He)J,e-
BoHCKHMH BO)J,OHOCHbIMH ropH30HTaMH. Cpe)J,HHe MOW:HOCTH paBHbI
40-385 M.
ECTecTBeHHble pecypcbI IJO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J, Ha BceH IJJIoW:a)J,H paCIJpOCTpa-
HeHHH BepxHe)J,eBoHcKHX OTJIO)l{eHHH 20632 KM 2 COCTaBJIHIOT IJpHMepHo
19,5 M 3 /ceK, cpe)J,HHH MO)J,YJIb IJO)J,3eMHoro CTOKa H3 BepxHe)J,eBoHcKHX OT-
JIO)KeHHH paBeH OKOJIO 0,9 lI./ceK/KM 2 .


EcmecmBeHHble peCYPcbl n003e.MHbIX BOO cpeoHeiJeBoHcl£UX
OmJlo:JICeHuii


BO)J,OHOCHble OTJIO)l{eHHH cpe)J,Hero )J,eBoHa, yqaCTBYIOW:He B cpOpMH'
pOBaHHH IJo)J,3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH, 3aHHMaIOT BeCb ceBep BCCP, B 6ac.
ceHHe 3al1. )J.BHHbI, qaCTHqHo Bepe3HHbI, cpe)J,HeH qaCTH )J.HeIJpa. Do JIHTO-
JIorHH H YCJIOBHHM )J,peHHpoBaHHH peKaMH 3TOT BO)J,OHOCHbIH KOMI1JIeKC
)J,eJIHTCH Ha )J,Ba ropH30HTa -IlIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKHH H HapOBCKO-IJHPHY-
CKHH (BepxHHH qaCTb). B ceBepo-BOCTOqHOH qaCTH IJepBOrO paHoHa )J,peHH-
pOBaHH5I HaIJOpHble BO)J,bI B IJeCKaX H neCqaHHKaX IIIBeHToHcKo-TapTycKoro
ropH30HTa rH)J,paBJIHqeCKH CBH3aHbI C cppaHcKHM BO)J,OHOCHbIM ropH30HTOM,
a TaK)l{e C HapoBcKHM ropH30HTOM cpe)J,Hero )J,eBOHa, OT KOToporo OH oT-
)J,eJIHeTCH Ha OT)J,eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX rJIHHaMH. Ha 3HaqHTeJIbHOH TeppHTopHH
BO)J,bI IIIBeHTOHCKO-Ta pTYCKoro BO)J,OHOCHoro ropH30HTa HBJIHIOTCH Ba)l{HbIM
HCTOqHHKOM BO)J,ocHa6)KeHH5I, qaCTO B KOMIJJIeKCe C BO)J,aMH qeTBepTHqHbIX
OTJIO)KeHHll, oc06eHHo Ha ceBepe H ceBepo-BocToKe BCCP. MOW:HOCTb
IIIBeHTollcKo-TapTycKHX OTJIO)l{eHHll )J,OCTHraeT 110-285 M. CYMMapHbIe
eCTeCTBeHHbIe pecypcbI Ha IJJIow:a)J,H paclIpocTpaHeHHH IIIBeHToHcKo-Tap-
TYCKHX BO)J,OHOCHbIX OTJIO)l{eHHH 70254 KM 2 COCTaBJIHIOT lIpHMepHo




ECTECTBEHHbIE PECYPCbI nO)],3EMHbIX BO)],


231


53,3 M 3 /ceK. Cpe)],HHll MO)],YJIb IIO)],3eMHoro CTOKa COCTaBJI5reT IIpH6JIH3H-
TeJIbHO 0,8 A./ceK/KM 2 .
B HapoBcKHX H YCJIOBHO IIo)],HapoBcKHX (mrpHycKHX) OTJIO)l{eHHHX, 3a-
JIeraIOllI.HX B ceBepo-3alIa)],Holl H u:eHTpaJIbHOll qaCTH BeJIopyccHH HeIIO-
cpe)],cTBeHHo 110)], qeTBepTHqHbIMH, a TaK)l{e 110)], BepXHeMeJIOBbIMH OTJIO)l{e-
HHHMH, IIpOXO)],HT rpaHHu:a Me)l{)],Y IIpeCHbIMH H CJIa60MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIMH
IIO)],3eMHbIMH Bo)],aMH. KaK HCTOqHHK Bo)],ocHa6)l{eHHH BO)],bI HapoBcKoro
ropH30HTa HMeIOT 3HaqeHHe rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B 3TH X pallOHax, B TO
BpeMH KaK B BOCTOqHOH H ceBepHOH qaCTHX paClIpOCTpaHeHHH )],eBOHCKHX
Kap60HaTHbIX OTJIO)l{eHHH HCIIOJIb30BaHHe BO)], 3Toro ropH30HTa HCKJIIO-
qeHO, TaK KaK OHH 3aJJeraIOT HH)l{e 30HbI )],peHHpOBaHHH, CJIe)],OBaTeJIbHO,
HH)l{e rpaHHU:bI npeCHbIX BO)],.
06ll1.aH MOlll.HOCTb HapOBCKHX BO)],OHOCHbIX OTJIO)l{eHHll KOJIe6JIeTCH OT
40-60 )],0 160-220 M. BepxHHH qaCTb ropH30HTa, co)],ep)l{alll.aH IIpeCHbIe
BO)],bI, B BOCTOqHbIX palloHax qaCTO He IIpeBbIllIaeT HeCKOJIbKHX MeTpOB.
BeJIHqHHa eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypCOB IIO)],3eMHbIX BO)], Ha Bcell IIJIOlll.a)],H
paClIpOCTpaHeHHH HapOBCKoro ropH30HTa, )],peHHpyeMoro peKaMH, paBHoll
50034 KM 2 , B cYMMapHoM BbIpa)l{eHHH COCTaBJIHeT OKOJIO 65,3 M 3 /ceK.
Cpe)],HHll MO)],YJIb nO)],3eMHoro CTOKa H3 3THX OTJIO)l{eHHll paBeH IIpH6JIH3H-
TeJIbHO 1,2 A./ceK/KM 2 (BO BTOpOM palloHe 0,3 A./ceK/KM 2 ).


EcmeCm8eltftbie pecypcbl nOa3e.MHblX 800 Ke.MOpUu.CKUX
o mAO:JIC e HUU.


HalIopHbIe BO)],bI BOJIbIHO-BaJI)],allCKoro BO)],OHocHoro ropH30HTa KeM6-
pHHCKHX OTJIO)l{eHHll, HMeIOllI.HX Ha HeKOTopbIX yqaCTKaX fH)],paBJIHqeCKHe
CBH3H C Bo)],aMH cpe)],He)],eBOHcKHX H BepXHeMeJIOBbIX OTJIO)l{eHHll, IIpHHH-
MaIOT qaCTHqHOe yqaCTHe B <POpMHpOBaHHH IIO)],3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH
B u:eHTpaJIbHbIX H IOrO-3alIa)],HbIx no)],paHOHax )],peHHpOBaHHH Ha IIJIOlll.a)],H
36561 KM 2 . MOlll.HOCTb KeM6pHllcKHX OTJIO)l{eHHll, )],peHHpyeMbIx peKaMH,
COCTaBJIHeT OT 20-50 )],0 75-105 M.
f1be30MeTpHqeCKHe ypOBHH BO)], KeM6pHllcKoro BO)],OHOCHoro ropH-
30HTa B BepxHHx TeqeHHHX I1pHIIHTH, HeMaHa, llI.apbI, BHJIHH, CBHCJIOqH
HMeIOT OTMeTKH, 6JIH3KHe K OTMeTKaM BepxHHx BO)],OHOCHbIX KOMIIJIeKCOB,
C Bo)],aMH KOTOpbIX OHH qaCTO rH)],paBJIHqeCKH CBH3aHbI. B u:eHTpaJIbHOll
qaCTH BCCP, B 6accellHe CBHCJIOqH )],peHHpyeTcH TOJIbKO BepxHHH qaCTb
KeM6pHllcKoro BO)],OHOCHoro ropH30HTa. Ha 3HaqHTeJIbHOll IIJIOlll.a)],H BO)],bI
KeM6pHH HBJIHIOTCH O)],HHM H3 u:eHHbIX HCTOqHHKOB Bo)],ocHa6)l{eHHH, qalll.e
Bcero BMeCTe C Bo)],aMH qeTBepTHqHOrO H BepXHeMeJIOBOrO BO)],OHOCHbIX
KOMIIJIeKCOB. Ha yqaCTKaX IIorpY)l{eHHH KeM6pHH HH)l{e c<pepbI )],peHHpOBa-
HHH peKaMH, Bce BO)],bI KeM6pHllcKHX OTJIO)l{eHHll HMeIOT IIoBbIllIeHHYIO
MHHep aJIH3 aU:HIO.
ECTecTBeHHbIe pecypcbI IIpeCHblX IIO)],3eMHbIX BO)], KeM6pHllcKHX OT JIO-
)l{eHHH BbIpa)l{aIOTCH IIpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO BeJIHqHHOll 22,0 M 3 /ceK. Cpe)],HHll
MO)],YJIb IIO)],3eMHoro CTOKa H3 KeM6pHllcKHX OTJIO)l{eHHll, KOTopbIe IIOJI-
HOCTbIO HJIH qaCTHqHO )],peHHpYIOTCH peKaMH, paBeH OKOJIO 0,6 A./ceK/KM 2 ,
Ha lore B TpeTbeM palloHe )],peHHpoBaHHH OH COCTaBJIHeT 0,3-0,5 A./ceK/KM 2 .
CYMMapHaH BeJIHqHHa eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypcoB IIpeCHbrx IIO)],3eMHbIX
BO)], TeppHTopHH BeJIopyccHH COCTaBJIHeT B nepBoM IIpH6JIH)l{eHHH
453,2 M 3 /ceK HJIH, oKpyrJIeHHO, 453 M 3 /ceK (14,2 KM 3 B ro)],), a no 60JIee
BbICOKHM nOKa3aTeJIHM CTOKa 483 M 3 /ceK. HaH60JIee BbICOKHe cpe)],HHe
MO)],YJIH IIO)],3eMHoro CTOKa YCTaHOBJIeHbI B IIo)],paHOHax lA, IE, IB, I1A,
IliA (2,6-3,4 A./ceK/KM 2 ) , oc06eHHO H3 qeTBepTHqHbIX BO)],OHOCHbIX OTJIO-
)l{eHHll 1,1-1,3 A./ceK H BepxHe- H cpe)],He)],eBoHcKHX BO)],OHOCHbIX OT JIO)Ke-
HHll 0,9-1,4 A./ceK/KM 2 .




232


PECYPCbI TIPECHbiX nOJJ,3EMHbIX HOJJ,


PacrrpeJJ,e31emIe CYMMapHbIX eCTeCTBeHHbIX peCypCOB rrOJJ,3eMHbIX BO,lI.
no a,lI.MHHHCTpaTliBHbIM e)J)1HliILaM Be310PYCClili rrOKa3aHO B Ta631. 53.
Ta6JIHua 53
ECTeCTBeHHbIe pecypCbI nO)l,3eMHblX BO)). no 06JIaCTIIM 6CCP


TI.!fOmaJJ:b, ECTeCTBeHHble CpeltHHH
06
acn' 1i.M:.I pecypCbl, MO.rr.YJIb,
"'"leeK ./l ICi?J{jK.M<J.
BpeCTCKa5I 33 294 56,4 1,7
BHTe6cK3H 40 034 109,5 2,7
fOMeJIbCKa5I 39 927 63,6 1,6
fpO.1\HeHCKa5! 23 710 58,8 2,5
MHHCKa5! 40412 105,4 2,6
MOrHJJeBCKaSl 28 680 59,4 2,1


DpHBeL(eHHbIe Be31H4liHbI xapaKTepli3YIOT CpeL(HerOL(OBbIe (cpeL(HeMHO-
r031eTHHe) eCTeCTBeHHbIe pecypCbI rrOL(3eMHbIX BOL(. B Te4eHlie rOL(a Be31li-
4liHa eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypCOB Cli31bHO K031e631eTC5I: TO 1Ke rrpOliCXOL(HT
B p a331li4HbIe rro B31a1KHOCTli rrepHOL(bI .neT (OT 50-80 % L(O 130-150 % OT
cpeL(HHx MHOf031eTHHx). YCTaHOBJJeHHbIe Ha KapTax Be31li4liHbI paCXOL(a
rrOL(3eMHbIX rrOTOKOB, L(peHIlpyeMbIx peKaMH, cooTBeTcTBYIOT perHOHa31bHOH:
OILeHKe pecypcoB rrpecHbIx rrOL(3eMHbIX BOL(, COCTaB315IIOI.IJ;HX 30HY HHTeH-
CliBHoro BOL(006MeHa.
lI.315I KOHKpeTHbIx Y4acTKoB 3Tli Be31H4liHbI L(0311KHbI YT04HHTbCH B co-
OTBeTCTBHl1 C rHL(pOre031orH4eCKl1Mli YC310Bl1HMli.


3KCnJIYATAu.HOHHbIE 3AnACbI nOJ],3EMHbIX BOJ],


DpH pefHOHa31bHOH: OILeHKe 3KCrr31yaTaILliOHHbJX 3arraCOB rrpecHbIx rrOL(-
3eMHbiX BOL( BCCP B pac4eT rrpliH5ITbJ rrpecHbIe BOL(bI C XOpOllIliMH rrHTbe-
BbJMli Ka4eCTBaMli H MHHepa/'1li3aILliefI JJ,O 1 cIA KaHH030HCKHX, Me3030H-
CKHX li 4aCTli4HO rra31e030HCKHX OT310)l(eHliH. DpH4eM B paC4eT BOIlI31H 31HllIb
BOL(bI TaK Ha3bJBaeMbIX OCHOBHbIX BOL(OHOCHbJX ropli30HTOB: BbIL(ep)l(aHHbIX
rro rrpOCTHpaHHIO H MOI.IJ;HOCTli, C XOpOllIliMH cpH31bTpaILliOHHbIMli CBOHCTBaMH
H L(OCTaT04HOH BOL(006H31bHOCTbIO.
BOJJ,OHOCHbIe ropli30HTbI, COL(ep)l(aI.IJ;He rpYHTOBble, 6e3HarropHble BOL(bI,
HeBbIL(ep)l(aHHbIe rro MOI.IJ;HOCTH H rrpOCTHpaHliIO rrpH paC4eTe 3KCTI31yaTa-
ILliOHHblX 3arraCOB rrpeCHbIX rrOL(3eMHbIX BOL( He Y4HTbIBa31liCb, 31H60 rrpHHli-
Ma31liCb B pac4eT KaK HCK31I04eHlie, Ha TOH TeppHTopHli, rL(e 6031ee HaAe)l(-
Hble HCT04HliKli BOL(OCHa6)l(eHli5I OTCYTCTBYIOT.
BOJJ,bI rra31e030HCKHX OT310)l(eHHH Y4TeHbI 4aCTH4HO (Ha BOCTOKe li
ceBepo-BocToKe pecrry631HKH). B rra31e030HCKliX OT310)l(eHliHX B ILeHTpe. pec-
rry631HKH TaK)l(e 4aCTO cOJJ,ep)l(aTC5I rrpecHbIe BOL(bI. GAHaKO rrpH ,lI,31HTe31b-
HOH: liX 3KCrr31yaTaILHli B03MO)l(eH rrpHToK MHHepa311130BaHHbIx BO)!" a C31a-
6aH HX H3Y4eHHOCTb He ,lI,aeT OCHOBaHliH C4HTaTb HX HaAe)l(HbIM HCT04HliKOM
BOAOCHa6)l(eHliH.
B paHOHe r. D0310ILKa BO,lI,bI C HeCK031bKO TIOBbIllIeHHOH MHHepa31li3a-
ILlieH TaK)l(e B paC4eT 3KCrr31yaTaILHoHHbIX 3arraCOB rrpecHbIx rrOJJ,3eMHbIX
BOA He BOIlI31H.
BBli,lI,Y Ha31H4HH TeCHOH fH,lI,paB31H4eCKOH CB5I3li Me)l(,lI,Y BO,lI,nHOCHbIMH
ropH30HTaMH, pacrrpOCTpaHeHHbJMli Ha TeppHTopHH BCCP, OILeHKa 3KC-
rr31yaTaILHoHHbIX 3arraCOB rrO,lI,3eMHbIX BOL( Be31aCb rro Bbl)!,e31eHHbIM BO)!,OHOC-
HbIM KOMrr31eKCaM, 06De,lI,HHliBIlIHM pHA BOAOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB.
TaKHM 06pa30M, C0631IO,lI,a5I Bce BbJillerrepe4HC31eHHbIe YC310BHH C Y4e-
TOM re0310rli4eCKoro CTpoeHliH TeppHToplili Be310pYCCHli, fH,lI,pOre0310fH4e-




3I\CIIJIYATAlJ,HOHHblE 3ArrACbI ITO.L(3EMHbIX BO.L(


233


CKHX YCJIOBHH, IIHTaHHH, U:HPKYJIHU:HH,<pHJIbTpau:nOHHblX CBOHCTB BO.L(OBMe-
III.alOIII.HX IIOP0)J" YCJIOBHO BbI)J,eJIeHHbIe HaMil )J,JIH paCqeTOB BO)J,OHOCHble
ropH30HTbI H KOMIIJIeKCbI paCIIpe)J,eJIHJIHCb IIO TeppHTopHH CJIe)J,YIOIII.HM 06-
pa30M (pHC. 23):


W1!!!I!!llJ
2 L:=J J

4
5EJ6
EJ7
8 1,,'\"'''1 9



JO


PilC. 2'3. KapTa OCHOBHbIX BO!(OHOCHbIX ropll30HTOB II KOMI1JJeKCOB. COCTaBHJJII M. 51. lJ,ay-
He, P. 11. Pa!(3eBII'J
TIJIOIU.a.1J.1I pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I OCHOBHbIX BO)J.OHOCHbIX KOMnJIeKCOB, rrpHH5ITbIX rrpH paCqeTe pecypCOB
npeCHblX nO)J.3eMHbIX BO)J.: 1 - BO)J.OHOCHbIll KOMrrJIeKC 'leTBepTIi'lHblX OTJIO>KeHIiH (!glQUI+Uv + m;
fglQum + dn; fglQII+ldn + iJr); 2 - BO)J.OHOCHbIi! KOMrrJIeKC 'leTBej>Tli'lHbIX, HeoreHoBbIx, n8JIeOre-
HOBbIX, BepxHeMe."OBbIX BepxHe- II cpe.n;HeIOpcKlIx OTJIO>KeHIii! ,(fglQum + dn; fglQUI+ldn + br;
N + Pg; Cr,sn + t; CrzCm; J3+2; 3 - BOii\OHOCHbli! KOMnJIeKc BepXHeMeJIOBblX (ceHoM8HcKHX), BepxHe-
II cpe)J.HeIOpcKlIx OTJIO",eHIIi! (BTOPOi! OT nOBepxHocTIi Cr2cm; J 3 + 2 ); 4 - q,paHcKIIi! BO)J.OHOCHbli! KOMn-
JIeKC (D 3 fr): 5 - BO)J.OHOCHbli! KOMnJIeI<C 'IeTBepTIi'lHbIX, BepxHe- Ii cpe)J.He)J.eBOHCKIiX (uIBeI,1Toi!cKHx II
TapTycKHX) OTJIO>KeHIii! (fgIQUI+Uv + m; fglQum + dn + IgQII+T dn + br; D 3 +2 sv + t)
FpaHut{bt. pacnpocrpafleflU51 OCHOBHblX BOOOHOCHblX KOMnAeKCOB U 20pU30HTOB, npU1ulTble npu pac-
qeTe 8KcnAyaTat{uoHHblX MooYAeu npecHblx n003eMHblX BOO: 6 - rpaHHIl,a rrep'Boro OT IIOBepXHOC1'R
BO)J.OHOCHoro KOMIIJIeKCa (ropH30HTa); 7 - rpaHHIl,a BToporo OT IIoBepXHOCTH BO)J.OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa
'(II'OPH30HTa); 8 - rpaHHIl,a Q)J.Horo H3 BQ)J.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB tIeTBep1"HtIHbIX O'J'1JIO:IKeHHH, BXO,lJ,51I.I.J;HX
B OCHOBHble paC'leTHble BO)J.OHOCHble KOMITJIeKCbI; 9 - rpaHRu.a BO)J.OHOCHoro KOMITJIeKCa HepaCtIJIeHeH-
HbIX HeoreHOBbIX H n8JIeoreHoBblX OT.l101KeHHH (N + Pg), Bxo.n;HlIjero B OCHOBHOH II BOJWHOCHbIi!
KOMnJIeKC; 10 - rpaHHu.a BO)J.OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHoH-TYPOHCKHX, ceHoMaHcKHx)
OTJIO",eHHi! (Cr2sn + t; Cr2cm), Bxo)J.'"l\ero B OCHOBHOi! II BO)J.OHOCHbli! KO'MnJIeKC. (5eprulTplIxlI
HlarrpaBJIeHbI iB CTOPOHY pacrrpOC1'paHeHHH Bo..n.OHOCHoro \ropH30HTa MJIH KOMrrJIeKca)


1) B ceBepO-3aIIa.L(HOH H u:eHTpaJIbHOH qaCTHX BCCP BbI)J,eJIeH BO)J,O-
HOCHbIH KOMIIJIeKC qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH;
2) B IO)KHOH H IOrO-3aIIa)J,HOU qaCTHx BeJIopyccHH BbI)J,eJIeH BO)J,OHOC-
HbIU KOMIIJIeKC qeTBepTHqHbIX, HeoreHOBbIX, IIaJIeOreHOBblX (ceHOH-TYPOH-
CKnx, ceHOMaHCKHX), BepXHe- H cpe)J,HelOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH;
3) Ha 3aIIa)J,e pecIIy6JIHKH, r)J,e MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBaH TOJIIII.a CJIa60Tpe-
Iu:ilHoBaTaH H xapaKTepH3yeTcH HH3KOH BO)J,ooT)J,aqeH, a II03TOMY IIpI1HHTa




234


PECYPCbl ilPECHbiX nO,u.3BMHblX BO,u.


3a YCJIOBHblH BO,u.oyrrop, BbI,u.eJIeH BO,u.OHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC BepXHeMeJIOBbIX
(CeHOMaHCKllX), BepXHe- H Cpe,u.HelOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH;
4) Ha ceBepo-BocToKe pecrry6JIliKH BbI,u.eJIeH BO,u.OHOCHbIH rop1l30HT
Kap60HaTHoH TOJIIlI,ll <ppaHcKoro 5Ipyca BepxHero ,u.eBOHa;
5) B ceBepo-BOCTOqHOH qaCTll BCCP B Bll,u.e Y3KOH rrOJIOCbI Bbl,u.eJIeHa
nJIOIlI,a,u.b pacnpocTpaHeHH5I BO,u.OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa qeTBepTHqHbIX,
BepxHe- II cpe,u.He,u.eBoHcKliX OTJIO)KeHllH (uIBeHToHcKliH II TapTycKliH ropll-
30HTbl) .
BO,u.OHOCHblH KOMrrJIeKC qeTBepTllqHblX OTJIO)KeHllH 06oe,u.llH5IeT Tpll
HarropHbIX rll,u.paBJIHqeCKH CB5I3aHHbIX Me)K,u.y C060H BO,u.OHOCHbIX rop1l30H-
Ta; BaJI,u.aHcKo-MOCKOBCKHX, MOCKOBcKo-,u.HerrpoBcKliX H ,u.HenpoBcKo-6epe-
311HCKliX Me)KMOpeHHbIx <pJIIOBllOrJI5IU:llaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHllH.
3Tll BO,u.OHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI pa3,u.eJIeHbI OTHOCHTeJIbHbIM Bo,u.oyrropoM-
MopeHHbIMH cyneC5IMH II cyrJIHHKaMll, He BbI,u.ep)KaHHblMll no rrpOCTllpaHlllO
II MOIlI,HOCTli. 3KCrrJIyaTaU:1l51 o,u.Horo 113 rop1l30HTOB C TeqeHlleM BpeMeHl-I
CKa3bIBaeTC5I Ha ,u.pymx. O,u.HaKO He Ha BceH nJIOIlI,a,u.ll 3TH BO,u.OHOCHble
ropH30HTbI pa3BllTbI o,u.HOBpeMeHHO. TaK, B ceBepHOH qaCTll nJIOIILa,u.H pa3-
BllTll5I I BO,u.OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI Me)KMOpeHHble BO,u.OHOC-
Hble rop1l30HTbI BaJI,u.aHcKo-MOCKOBCKliX II MOCKOBCKO- ,u.HerrpOBCKHX <pJIIO-
BllOrJI5IU:llaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHllH, HeCKOJIbKO IO)KHee HeumpoKoH rrOJIOCOH pac-
npOCTpaHeH JIHllIb Me)KMOpeHHbIH rop1l30HT MOCKOBCKO- ,u.HenpOBCKliX <pJIIO-
BllOrJI5IU:llaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHllH, eIlI,e IO)KHee OTMeqeHO HaJIllqlle ,u.BYX ropll-
30HTOB - MOCKOBCKO- ,u.HerrpoBcKliX II ,u.HenpoBcKo-6epe311HcKliX <pJIIOBllO-
r JI5ILLHaJIbHbIX OT JIO)KeHllH.
BO,u.OHocHbIe rop1l30HTbI, Bxo,u.5IIlI,lle B BO,u.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC qeTBep-
TllqHbIX, HeoreHOBbIX, rraJIeOreHOBbIX, BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHoH-TYPOHCKllX,
ceHoMaHcKllx), BepXHe- II cpe,u.HelOpCKliX OTJIO)KeHllH, TaK)Ke rll,u.paBJIH-
qeCKH CB5I3aHbI Me)K,u.y C060H, o,u.HaKO He Bce OHH pacnpOCTpaHeHbI nOBce-
MeCTHO rro rrJIOIlI,a,u.ll BbI,u.eJIeHHOrO KOMrrJIeKca. TaK, BO,u.OHOCHbIe rop1l30HTbI
tIeTBepTllqHblX OTJIO)KeHllH, rrpllH5ITbIe B paCqeT, B OCHOBHOM pacrrpOCTpa-
HeHbI Ha ceBepHOH nJIOIlI,a,u.H pa3BHTH5I KOMnJIeKCa, ceBepHee ,u.epeBeHb Ha-
POBJI5I, JJ106aHb, KpaCHa5I CJIo60,u.a, 11Bau:eBHqH H ,u.pyrHx, a BepXHe- H
cpe,u.HelOpCKliX OTJIO)KeHllH Ha KpaHHeM 3arra,u.e H IOrO-3arra,u.e pecrry6JIllKli.
KaK Bll,u.HO Ha rrpliJIaraeMOH KapTe OCHOBHblX BO,u.OHOCHblX ropH30H-
TOB H KOMnJIeKCOB, B ceBepHOH qaCTH pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I II KOMrrJIeKCa nep-
BbIMH OT rrOBepXHOCTH 5IBJI5IIOTC5I Me)KMOpeHHbIe BO,u.OHOCHbIe rop1l30HTbI
MOCKOBCKO- ,u.HerrpOBCKliX H, HeCKOJIbKO IO)KHee, ,u.HerrpOBCKo-6epe311HCKHX
<pJIIOBHOrJI5ILLllaJIbHblX OTJIO)KeHllH. Ha lOre rrJIOIlI,a,u.ll pacrrpOCTpaHeHll5I
3Toro KOMnJIeKCa nepBbIM OT nOBepXHOCTH 5IBJI5IeTC5I BO,u.OHOCHbIH KOM-
rrJIeKC HepaCqJIeHeHHbIX HeoreHOBbIX II rraJIeOreHOBbIX OTJIO)KeHllH, a Ha
BOCTOKe - BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHOH-TypOHCKllX) OTJIO)KeHHH.
Ha 3arra,u.e pecrry6JIHKll BO,u.OHOCHblH KOMrrJIeKC BepXHeMeJIOBbIX
(ceHOMaHCKHX), BepXHe- II cpe,u.HelOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH 5IBJI5IeTC5I BTOpbIM OT
rrOBepXHOCTH. I1epBblM paCCqHTblBaeMbIM BO,u.OHOCHblM KOMrrJIeKCOM 5IBJI5I-
eTC5I BO,u.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC qeTBepTllqHbIX OTJIO)KeHllH. 3a MeCTHblH BO,u.O-
yrrop Ha ,u.aHHOH TeppHTopHH, pa3,u.eJI5IIOIILHH 3TH ,u.Ba KOMrrJIeKCa, npHH5ITa
YCJIOBHOH CJIa60Bo,u.orrpOHHu:aeMa5I MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBa5I TOJIIlI,a.
BO,u.OHOCHbIH rop1l30HT Kap60HaTHOH TOJIIlI,ll <ppaHCKoro 5Ipyca rrepe-
KpbIT cpaBHllTeJIbHO MaJIOMOIlI,HOH TOJIIlI,eH Bo,u.orrpOHllu:aeMbIX qeTBepTHq-
HbIX OTJIO)KeHHH, BO,u.bI KOTOpbIX He yqHTbIBaJIHCb npll paCqeTe 3KCnJIyaTa-
LLHOHHbIX 3arraCOB npeCHbIX rro,u.3eMHbIX BO,u..
I15ITbIH BO,u.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC - qeTBepTllqHbIX, BepXHe- H cpe,u.He,u.e-
BOHCKliX (UIBeHTOHCKliX II TapTYCKHX) OTJIO)KeHllH BbI,u.eJIeH Ha ceBepo-
BOCTOKe pecny6JIHKH. B Hero BXO,u.5IT TPH BO,u.OHOCHbIX ropH30HTa qeTBep-
TllqHlJIX OTJIO)KeHllH H O,u.HH KOMnJIeKC BepXHe- II cpe,u.He,u.eBOHCKliX OTJIO)Ke-
HllH. 113 BO,u.OHOCHbIX rop1l30HTOB qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH CIO,u.a BXO,u.5IT




9KCnJIYATA
HOHHblE 3AnACbI nO)J,3EMHblX BO)J,


235


Me)KMOpeHHble rOpl130HTbI BaJI.a.aHCKO- MOCKOBCKI1X, MOCKOBCKO- .a.HenpOB-
CKI1X 11 )J,HenpOBCKO-6epe3I1HCKI1X <pJIIOBI10rJIHQl1aJIbHbIX OT JIO)KeHl1ll CBOell
BOCTOIJ:HOH 11 CeBepO-BOCTOIJ:HOll IJ:aCTblO nJIOIII.a)J,11 paCnpOCTpaHeHI1H B BeJIo-
PYCCI1I1.
Ha KpallHeM CeBepO-BOCTOKe BO)J,bI QeTBepTI1IJ:HbIX OTJIO)KeHl1ll B pac-
"-leT 3KCIIJIyaTaQHOHHbIX 3alIaCOB He BOIlIJII1 B CB51311 C I1X lIJIOXI1M KaIJ:e-
CTBOM.
Ha lOre, B pallOHe r. Morl1JIeBa, B Onl1CbIBaeMbIll BO)J,OHOCHbIll KOM-
nJIeKC BOIlIJII1 JII111Ib BO)J,bI BepXHe- 11 cpe)J,He)J,eBOHCKI1X (IlIBeHTOllCKI1X 11
TapTYCKI1X) OTJIO)KeHHll, a caM BO)J,OHOCHbIll KOMnJIeKC HBJIHeTCH BTOpbIM OT
lIOBepXHOCTI1. f1epeKpbIT OH rJII1HI1CTOll TOJIIII.ell IOpCKI1X OTJIO)KeHl1ll, KOTO-
paH 1130JII1pyeT ero OT nepBoro BO)J,OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKca: IJ:eTBepTI1IJ:HbIX,
HeoreHOBbIX, lIaJIeOreHOBbIX, BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHOH-TYPOHCKI1X, ceHOMaH-
CKI1X) OTJIO)KeHl1ll, - T. e. II BO)J,OHOCHoro KOMlIJIeKCa Ha KapTe OCHOBHbIX
BO)J,OHOCHbIX rOpl130HTOB 11 KOMnJIeKCOB.
OQeHKa 3KClIJIyaTaQI10HHbIX 3anaCOB npeCHbIX nO)J,3eMHbIX BO.a. BeJIaCb
no MeTO)J,I1Ke, pa3pa60TaHHOll B I1HCTI1TYTe BCEfl1HfEO H. H. BI1H)J,eMa-
HOM. COrJIaCHO 3TOll MeTO)J,I1Ke BO)J,03a60pbI B npe)J,eJIax paClIpOCTpaHeHI1H
BO)J,OHOCHoro roplI30HTa pa3MeIII.a1OTCH paBHOMepHO no nJIOIII.a)J,H; 06JIaCTH
I1X BJIHHHI1H npl1 3TOM CMbIKaIOTcH, HO lIpaKTI1IJ:eCKI1 He nepeKpbIBalOTCH 11
He 06pa3YlOT npOCBeTOB. TaKaH cxeMaTH3aQI1H HBJIHeTCH paQI10HaJIbHbIM
npHeMOM, n03BOJIHIOIII.I1M )J,aTb B nepBOM lIpl16JII1)KeHI1I1 perllOHaJIbHYIO
OQeHKY MHHI1MaJIbHbIX 9KCnJIyaTaQI10HHbIX 3alIaCOB BO)J,OHOCHoro ropl1-
30HTa HJII1 KOMnJIeKca. PaCIJ:eT lIp0I13BO)J,HJICH lIO ceTKe YCJIOBHO 3aJIO)KeH-
HbIX Bo.a.03a6opOB, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIX B llIaXMaTHOM lIopH)J,Ke C p aCCTOHHl1eM
Me)K)J,Y HI1MI1 B pH)J,Y 5 KM 11 Me)K)J,Y pH)J,aMI1 2,5 KM.
BO)J,OHOCHbIll rOpl130HT )J,eJII1TCH Ha cHcTeMY 3aMKHYTbIX HIJ:eeK, KaK 6bI
OT)J,eJIeHHbIX )J,Pyr OT )J,Pyra HenpOHI1QaeMbIMI1 rpaHI1QaMI1. B Ka)K)J,oll
51IJ:ellKe no cpopMYJIaM HeYCTaHOBI1BllIerOCH )J,BI1)KeHI1H olIpe)J,eJI51JICH pacxo)J,
lIO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J" cooTBeTcTBYIOIII.Hll MaKCHMaJIbHO )J,OlIYCTI1MOMY lIOHI1)Ke-
HI1IO )J,JIH 3a)J,aHHoro cpoKa (50 JIeT). f1pl1 3TOM 3a e)J,HHI1I1.Y 3KClIJIyaTa-
I1.110HHbIX 3anaCOB lIO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J, lIpl1HHMaeTcH MO)J,YJIb 3KClIJIyaTaQI10H-
HbIX 3alIaCOB (Ma), npe)J,cTaBJIHIOIII.l1ll C060ll pacxo)J, lIO)J,3eMHbIX BO)J" KOTO-
pbIll MO)KHO lIOJIYIJ:I1Tb C e)J,HHI1QbI lIJIOIII.a)J,11 p acnpoCTpaHeHI1H BO)J,OHOCHoro
rOpl130HTa I1JIH KOMlIJIeKca.
PaCCIJ:lITbIBaJICH 3KCnJIyaTaQHoHHbIH MO)J,YJIb no cpopMYJIe
M- Q
9- 1tR K 2 ,


r)J,e Q - )J,e6HT BO)J,03a60pa A./eeK; RR - pa)J,I1Yc KpyroBoro HenpOHH-
QaeMoro KOHTypa, KM. f1pl1 paCIJ:eTaX BbI)J,eJIHJII1Cb lIJIOIII.a)J,l1, HelIocpe)J,CT-
BeHHO rll)J,paBJIHQeCKH CBH3aHHble C peKOll 11 He CBH3aHHble CHell. f1pH
3TOM Kpl1Tepl1eM CJIY)KHJIa 3aKOHOMepHOCTb 113MeHeHI1H BeJIHIJ:I1H HaiiopOB,
BO)J,OlIpOBO)J,I1MOCTH lIJIaCTa 11 IIp.
Ha lIJIo III. a)J,11, rH)J,paBJII1IJ:eCKH He CBH3aHHOll C peKOll, )J,e6HT BO)J,03a-
Dopa, pacnOJIO)KeHHOrO B 5lQellKe ceTKlI, onpe.a.eJIHJICH no cpopMYJIe Mac-
KeTa:


Q=


21tkm.S max
O,47R K 2at
In-+-
r K R K 2


.M 3 /cymKu,


. r)J,e k - K03cp<pI1Ql1eHT cpHJIbTpaI.(I1H, M/CYTKU; m - MOIII.HOCTb Hanop-
Horo BO)J,OHOCHoro rOp1130HTa, M; Smax - MaKCI1MaJIbHO )J,onycTI1MOe nOHlI-
)KeHHe, .M; rI( - pa)J,l1yc «60JIbIllOrO KOJIO)J,I.(a», K KOTOPOMY npHBe.a.eH rpyn-
lIOBOll BO)J,03a60p, .M; RR - pa)J,I1Yc KpyroBoro HelIpOHI1QaeMoro KOHTypa, M;




236


PECYPCbI nPECHbIX nO;::L3E..M.:HbIX BO;::L


a - K03<pqmuHeHT nbe30npOBO;::LHOCTH, .M,2jCYTKU; t - BpeMH, B TeqeHHe
KOToporo BO;::L03a60p 6Y;::LeT 3KCnJIyaTHpoBaTbCH C ;::Le6HTOM Q, M 3 jCYTKU.

JIH 6e3HanOpHNX BO;::L ;::Le6HT BO;::L03a60pa onpe;::LeJIHJICH no <popMYJIe
2
. k. H ( 1 -

 ). s
Q = O,47R K 'lat M. 3 /cymKu,
In- + R 2
r K K


rJJ;e H - MOIIl.HOCTb rpYHTOBoro nOTOKa, M; a - K03<p<pHUlfeHT ypOBHe-
npOBOJJ;HOCTH, .M. 3 jCYTKU. BeJIHqHHa a npHHHMaJIaCb paBHoM 5. 10 3 -5.10 4 ,
DocJIe pHJJ;a npe06pa30BaHfill <POPMYJI H 3aMeHbI B HHX 6YKBeHHbIX 0603Ha-
qeHHll UH<PPOBbIMH 3HaqeHHHMH <POPMYJIN 3KCnJIyaTauHoHHbIX MO;::LYJIerr
npHHHJIH BHJJ;: 1) JJ;JIH HanopHblx BO;::L npH 3HaqeHHH a = 5. 10 3 H 5. 104,
Mf=O,000013.k.m.S HJIH Mf=O,000013 k.m.S; 2) JJ:JIH 6e3HanopHblx
BOJJ; B TpeIIl.HHOBaTblx nopo;::Lax:
0,64kH( 1- 2
 ) s
M'=


a


k. h cp
a=--xr-'


s
fJJ;e h cp =H-"2;


M'=O,64. m. S.



JIH rpYHToBbIX BOJJ; B neCqaHbIX OTJIOJKeHHHX K03<p<PHUHeHT ypoBHe-
npoBoJJ;HOCTH a BeJIHqHHa OTHOCHTeJIbHaH, TaK KaK BOJJ;oOT;::Laqa nJIaCTa
3HaqHTeJIbHa H <popMYJIa 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHoro MOJJ;YJIH npH 3aJJ;aHHblx YCJIO-
BHHX npHHHJIa BHJJ;


M'=


O,64.k.H(1 -
) . S
k.H. (1 - 2
 )
505+


m


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nOJIaraJIH, qTO nepBbIH pHJJ; OT peKH KaK 6bI OTJJ;eJIeH OT CJIe)J,YlOIIl.HX Henpo-
HHuaeMOH neperopO)J,KOH, npHypOqeHHOH KOCH nepBoro pH)J,a. TOf)J,a npH-
TOK K BO;::L03a60paM 6eCKOHeqHOrO npH6peJKHOrO pH)J,a co CTOpOHbI peKH
6Y)J,eT paBeH nOJIOBHHe ;::Le6HTa BO)J,03a60pa npH )J,BYXCTopOHHeM nHTaHHH
no <popMYJIe MaCKeTa - JIeH6eH30Ha:
2
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Q = I
B At cymKu,
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I
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Q=


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I

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In 21tr K + "2




91(cn.rIY A T AIJ,HOHHblE 3ArrACbI nO.n:3EiM1F1bIX BOLL


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f1JIOIIl.aLLb, C KOTOpOH BOLL03a6op TIOJIyqaeT BOLLY F = 2"" . Tor)J,a TIplf
npHH5ITOH CTaHLLapTHOH ceTKe 1=5000 M, r,,=10 M BbIpaJKeHHe MOLLYJIfl
3KCllJIyaTaIJ,HOHHHX 3anaCOB npHMeT BlfLL:
LLJI5I HanOpHHX BOLL
M"=
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LLJI5Ipe3HanOpHHX BOLL
M" = O,00048kH(1 - 2
 )S ../l(CeICjICM 2 .
BeJIHqHHa K03<pqmIJ,fleHTa nbe30npOBOLLHOCTH npH paCqeTe BOLLOHOCHHX
KoMnJIeKCOB B YCJIOBH5IX OTKpbITbIX 6aCCeHHOB, BKJIlOqaIOIIl.HX B ce65I Mep-
reJIbHO-MeJIOBYIO H Kap6oHaTHYIO TOJIIIl.H, 6bIJIa npHH5ITa paBHoH 5.104,
a BO Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX CJIyqa5IX paBHoH 5. 10 3 .
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KOHKpeTHbIX YCJIOBHH. f1pH pacqeTe MaKCHMaJIbHOrO nOHHJKeHH5I 6bIJIO npH-
H5ITO YCJIOBHe, qTO rJIy6HHa LLHHaMHqeCKOrO ypOBH5I OT nOBepXHOCTH 3eMJIH
He LLOJIJKHa npeBbIIlIaTb 100 M, B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeXHHqeCKHMli B03MOJKHO-
CT5IMH HaI160JIee pacnpoCTpaHeHHbIx cOBpeMeHHblx BOLLOOT6opHHKOB.
)J,onycKaBIlIeeC5I npH paCqeTe MaKCHMaJIbHOe nOHHJKeHHe B 60JIbIlIHH-
CTBe CJIyqaeB 6bIJIO 60JIbIlIe BeJIHqHHbI Hanopa nOLL3eMHbIX BOLL HaLL KPOB-
JIeH BO,n:OHOCHHX ropH30HTOB. f103TOMY BHaqaJIe OnpeLLeJI5IJIC5I 3KCnJIyaTa-
]]}lOHHbIH MOLLYJIb npH nOHHJKeHHH, paBHOM BeJIHqHHe Hanopa, a 3aTeM
OnpeLLeJI5IJIC5I MOLLYJIb LLJI5I BpeMeHH, KorLLa HaqHHaeTC5I OCYIlIeHHe BOLLOHOC-
Horo nJiaCTa, T. e. B 6e3HanopHbIX YCJIOBI15IX. f1paqeM ocymeHHe nepBoro
OT nOBepXHOCTH BOLLOHOCHoro ropH30HTa (KOMnJIeKca) LLonYCKaJIOCb JIHIlIb
Ha 50 % MOIIl.HOCTH ero.
06IIl.HH MOLLYJIb LL/'I5I BOLLOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa paBeH cYMMe MOLLYJIeH
npH cpa60TKe Hanopa H OCYIlIeHHH nJiaCTa.
f1pH paCqeTe 3KCnJIyaTauHoHHbIX MOLLYJIeH no BOLLOHOCHbIM KOMnJIeK-
caM B paCqeT npHHHMaJIaCb BeJIHqHHa BOLLonpoBoLLHMOCTH BOLLOHOCHoro
KOMnJIeKCa, T. e. CYMMa km BOLLOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, COCTaBJI5IIOIIl.HX KOM-
nJIeKC, cYMMapHa5I MOIIl.HOCTb KOMnJIeKCa H onHcaHHbIe LLonYCTHMble nOHH-
JKeHH5I.
f10JIyqeHHa5I B pe3YJIbTaTe paCqeTOB BeJIHqHHa BOLLonpoBoLLHMOCTH
BOLLOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIOJKeHHH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 420
(r. noc. I3paCJIaB - f10CTaBbI - M5ILLeJIb) LLO 74 M 2 (CYTKU (p-H r. HOBO-
rPYLLKa), npe06JIaLLaIOIIl.He no nJIOIIl.aLLH 3HaLIeHH5I BOLLonpoBoLLHMOCTH
100-200 M 2 (CYTKU. f1pe06JIaLLaIOIIl.He BeJIHqHHbI HanopoB LLJI5I 3Toro KOM-
nJ1eKca COCTaBHJIH 10-25 M, a MaKCHMaJIbHO LLonYCTHMbIe nOHHJKeHH5I Ha
BOCTOKe KOMnJIeKCa 22-27 M, B ceBepHoH H 3anaLLHoH qaCT5IX BOLLOHOCHoro
KOMnJIeKCa 37-42 .M.
PaCqeTaMI1 no BOLLOHOCHOMY KOMnJIeKcy qeTBepTHqHbIX, HeoreHOBbIX,
naJIeOreHOB'bIX, BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHoH-TypOHCKHX, ceHoMaHcKHx), cpeLLHe-
11 BepxHeIOpcKHx OTJIOJKeHHH nOJIyqeHO MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe BOLLonpo-
BOLLHMOCTH 1371 M.2(CYTKU B npHpeLIHoH 30He p. COJKa, 30He HHTeHCHBHoro
BOLLoo6MeHa II 3HaqHTeJIbHbIX MOIIl.HOCTeH Bcex BOLLOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB H
]<OMnJIeKCOB. MHHHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe 292 M 2 (CYTKU npHypOqeHO K paHoHaM
OTCYTCTBH5I MeJIOBbIX OT JIOJKeHHH (ceBepHee r. noc. MHKaIlIeBHqH, IOJKHee
r. CTapo6HHa), rLLe B paCqeT npHH5ITbI JIHIlIb BOLLbI HepaCqJIeHeHHbIX Heo-
reHOBbIX H naJIeOreHOBbIX OTJIOJKeHHH. Ha OCTaJIbHOH TeppHTopHH BOLLonpo-
BOLLHMOCTb BO,n:OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa 113MeH5IeTC5I OT 395 LLO 903 M 2 (CYTKU.
BeJIHqHHbI HanopoB nepBblx OT nOBepxHocTH BOLLOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, npH-
H5ITbIe LLJI5I cpa60TKH B npouecce 3KCnJIyaTaUHH, BapbHpYIOT B IlIHpOKHX
npeLLeJIax: OT 15 .M Ha ceBepe BOLLOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa II LLO 65-85 .M. Ha




238


PECYPCbI nPECHbIX nOLl3EMHbIX BOLl


lOre 3Toro BO)],OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKca. MaKCHMaJIbHO )],onYCTHMble nOHHJKeHH51
no nJIOIlI.a)],H TaKJKe H3MeH5IIOTC5I B llIHpOKHX npe)],eJIax OT 15 )],0 90 M.
LtJI5I BO)],OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHoMaHcKHx), BepxHe-
H cpe)],HelOpcKHx OTJIOJKeHHM BeJIHlJHHa Bo)],onpoBo)],HMOCTIf npHH5ITa paB-
HOM 458 M 2 /CYTK.U, a BeJIHlJHHa MaKCHMaJIbHOrO nOHHJKeHH5I -100 M B Ha-
nopHblx YCJIOBH5IX, 6JIaro)],ap5I 60JIbIllHM HanopaM, H3MeH5IIOIlI.HMC5I OT
147,5 )],0 287,6 M.
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TOJIIlI.If BeJIIflJHHa Bo)],onpOBO)],HMOCTH BapbHp yeT B IllHpOKHX npe)],eJIax OT
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neHblO TpeIlI.HHoBaToCTH Kap60HaTHoH TOJIIlI.H If pa3JIHlJHOH ee l\-IOIlI.HOCTblO.
HanopbI nO)],3eMHbIX BO)], Kap60HaTHoH TOJIIlI.H H3MeH5IIOTC5I OT 1 )],0 120 M
C npe06JIa)],aHIfeM 30-50 M..
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HHJKeHH5IX 6y)],eT npOIfCXO)],HTb He TOJIbKO cp a60TKa HanopOB, HO H OCYIlle-
HHe BepXHero BO)],OHOCHoro ropH30HTa Ha 2-12 M. Ha ceBepHoM YlJaCTKe
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JKeHH5I npHH5ITbI paBHbIMH 75-94 M.. UpH 3TOM B OCHOBHOM 6y)],eT npoHc-
XO)],i1Tb cpa60TKa HanopoB.
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lJHCJIeHHbIX BeJIHlJHH Bo)],onpoBo)],HMOCTH, BO)],OOT)],alJH, nOHHJKeHHH, MOIlI.HO-
CTeH ropH30HTOB H KOMnJIeKCOB, HaMH 6bIJIH BbI)],eJIeHbI MHOrOlJHCJIeHHble
YlJaCTKH TeppHTopHH BCCP C pa3JIHlJHbIMIf 3HalJeHHHMH 3KCnJIyaTall,HOH-
HbIX M O)],YJI ell:.
HaH60JIee 6JIH3KHe no 3HalJeHHIO 3KCnJIyaTall,HOHH
e MO)],YJIH nO)],3eM-
HbIX BO)], no pa3JIHlJHbIM YlJaCTKaM 6bIJIH cpe)],HeB3BeIlleHbI no nJIOIlI.a)],H H
nOJIYlJeHHaH BeJIHlJHHa MO)],YJI5I 6
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llIell: 3TH YlJaCTKH.
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KapTe, HaH60JIee 06eCnelJeHHbIMH BO)],OH HBJI5IIOTC5I ll,eHTpaJIbHa5I, ceBepHaH
If 38rra)],Ha5I lJaCTH TeppHTopHH pecny6JIHKll C 3KCnJIyaTall,HOHH
MH MO)],Y-
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)],HIlI.e, )],. K03JIOBIlI.HHa, IOJKHee r. lil,YlJHHa H B ll,eHTpaJIbHOll: lJaCTH pec-
ny6JIHKH B paHoHe ropo)],oB MHHcKa, MapbllHOll: fOPKH, 4epBeH5I, KpynoK,
BHJIeHKH, CMoproHH, BerOMJI5I, paClJeTHbIM BO)],OHOCHbIM KOMnJIeKCOM 5IBJI5I-
eTCH BO)],OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC lJeTBepTHlJHbIX OTJIOJKeHHH. BO)],OBMeIlI.alOIlI.He
nopo)],bI 3Toro KOMnJIeKCa xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I BbICOKHMH <pHJIbTpall,HOHHbIMH
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KOMnJIeKCa HanopHbIe, a 6JIarOnpH5ITHbIe KJIHMaTHlJeCKHe YCJIOBH5I pecny6-
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MO.iKeT 6bITb 06eCnelJeHO Bo)],ocHa6JKeHHe ropo)],oB C nOTpe6HocTblO Ei Bo)],e
100-500 A./ceK.. Ha BOCTOKe BCCP, B paHoHax ropO)],OB fopo)],Ka,
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.3I(CnJIYATAL(HOHHbIE 3AnACbI nO,n:3EMHbIX BO,'];


239


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B r. HOBorpy.n:Ke C 3KC£IJIyaTall,HOHHbIMH MO.n:YJIHMH COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,34
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ropo.n:a, 4ellepCKa, KOCTIOKOBHlIeH o£Ipe.n:eJIHJIaCb TeppHTopHH C He60JIbIlIII-
MH 3KC£IJIyaTall,HOHHbIMH 3a£IacaMH £IpeCHbIX £I0.n:3eMHbIX BO.n:. 3.n:eCb 3KC-
£IJIyaTall,HOHHbIH MO.n:YJIb COCTaBJIHeT 1,8 A/ceK/KM 2 . Ha 3TOH TeppHTopHH
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KOM£IJIeKcy BepXHeMeJIOBbIX (ceHoMaHcKHx), BepxHe- II cpe.n:HeIOpcKIIX OT-
JIOJKeHHH 5853 A/ceK; £Io BO.n:OHOCHOMY ropH30HTY Kap60HaTHoH TOJIll.{H
cppaHcKoro Hpyca BepxHero .n:eBOHa -- 41616,2 A/ceK; £Io BO.n:OHOCHOMY
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B X035IHCTBeHHo-nHTbeBoH H TeXHHqeCKOH Bo,n:e npH no/mOM 06eCneqeHHH
HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI rrpe,n:npH5ITHU H Bo,n:OCHa6JKeHH5I HaCeJIeHH5I COCTaBHJIa
B 1960 r. 2,98 MJIH. M 3 /CYTK.U, a K 1980 r. OHa B03paCTeT ,n:o 15 MJIH. M 3 /CYT-
K.U. TaKHM 06pa30M, Ha 6JIHJKaHilIHe 20 JIeT 6aJIaHCOBble 3KCnJIyaTauHoH-
Hble 3anaCbI npecHblx no,n:3eMHbIX BO,n: pecny6JIHKH npeBbIllialOT ee nOTpe6-
JIeHHe nOqTH B TPH pa3a. 'O,n:HaKo pacnpe,n:eJIeHHe 3THX 3anaCOB no nJIO-
!lI.a,n:H OqeHb HepaBHoMepHoe. IT03TOMY 060CHOBaHHe BbI60pa HCTOqHHKa
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6a3e MaTepHaJIOB rH,n:poreOJIOmqeCKHX C'beMOK B M-6e 1: 200000.
C 1959 r. rH,n:poreOJIOrHqeCKa5I C'beMKa B M-6e 1: 200000 npoH3Bo,n:HTC5I
6. fJIaBreOJIOmeH BCCP B KOMnJIeKCe C reOJIOrHqeCKOH C'beMKOH Toro JKe
MacIlITa6a H cOnpOBOJK,n:aeTC5I cooTBeTcTBYIOIlI,HM 06'beMOM 6ypOBbIX H
OnbITHbIX pa60T 2J:JI5I H3yqeHH5I BO,n:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB, 3aJIeralO!lI.HX
rJIy6)Ke nepBblx OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. MaTepHaJIbI 3THX C'beMOK n03BO-
JI5IIOT Bbl6paTb OCHOBHble ,n:JI5I 3KCnJIyaTauHH BO,n:OHOCHble ropH30HTbI.
,l],aJIbHeUIlIee H3yqeHHe HX 2J:0JI)KHO npOH3B02J:HTbC5I nYTeM nOCTaHOBKH
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npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIM KaTerOpH5IM. OnbIT pa3Be,n:KH H n02J:CqeTa 3KCnJIyaTauHoH-
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Ha TeppHTopHU BCCP 06'b5ICH5IeTC5I p5I,n:OM eCTeCTBeHHblX cpaKTopoB. 1\ HHM
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XOpOlliO npOMbITbIX H BbI!lI.eJIOqeHHbIX PbIXJIbIX qeTBepTHqHbIX H ,n:OqeTBep-
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HeHHoro peJIbecpa H, C ,n:pyroH CTOpOHbI, - 3HaqHTeJIbHOe KOJIHqeCTBO BbITIa-
2J:alOIlI,Ux aTMoccpepHbIx oca,n:KOB, COCTaBJI5IIOIlI,HX 600-700 MM/c. BbIIIa,n:e-
Hue OCHOBHoro KOJIHqeCTBa aTMoccpepHbIX oca,n:KOB B TenJIble nepHo,n:bI
ro,n:a C03,n:aeT 6JIarOnpH5ITHble YCJIOBH5I ,n:JI5I HHcpHJIbTpaUHH HX B pblxJ]ble
OT JIO)KeHH5I H CHCTeMaTUqeCKOrO nonOJ]HeHH5I 3arraCOB rro,n:3eMHbIX BO,n:.




CYIllECTB. H B03MO)K:H. IHCnOJIb30B. nO,iJ,3EMH. 'BO,iJ, ,iJ,JU! JJ.EJIEf'f BO,iJ,OCHAB. 241


Ta6JIul\a 54
)J,aHHble HCnOJIb30BaHHII npecHblx nOA3eMHblx BOA B npeAeJIaX TeppHTOpHH 6CCP


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MlIHCKa5I 1188 382,2 106,1 276,2 8033,7 4,76
MOPllJIeBCKa5I 31 7,7 0,4 7,3 617,6 1,27
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MHHCKa5I 101 16,0 8,6 7,4 2121,4 0,75
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CPpaHcKuu 8000HOCHbiU "OMnAeKC
BHTe6cKa5I 297 167,4 I 81,0 I 86,4 , 3050,6 5,49
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B CeJIbCKOX035IHCTBeHHOM rrp0I13BO)J,CTBe HH)J,HBI1)J,yaJIbHble HYJK)]:bI KOJI-
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O)J,HHOqHbIMH ::mCrrJIyaTall,HOHHbIMH Ha BO)]:Y CKBaJKHHaMH.
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ralO!lI.He rpYHTOBble BO)J,bI I-l 3HaQHTeJIbHO peJKe - MeJKrrJIaCTOBble, 06bIQHO
C MeCTHbIM HarropOM,BO)J,bI rrepBoro OT rrOBepXHOCTH 3eMJIH Me)KMOpeHHoro
BO)J,OHOCHoro ropH30HTa. XOT5I CTaTHQeCKHe 3 arraCbI rpYHTOBbIX BO)]: He3Ha-
QHTeJIbHble, oT6op Heo6xo)J,HMoro KOJIHQeCTBa rro)J,3eMHbIX BO)]: 6bITOBbIMH
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16 3aK. 04368




242 CYIIJ,EC11B. H B03MOJKH. HCf10JJb30B. f10JJ.3EMH. BOLt JJ.JJ5! 'lJ.EJJErI BO..QOCHA5,


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rrp06ypeHHble C ueJJbIO BOJJ.OCHa6)KeHH5I )K11BOTHOBOJJ.lJ:eCK11X <pepM H JJ.PY-
I'HX OT)J,eJIbHbIX MeJIK11X 06'beKTOB, 06bIlJ:HO pacnOJIO)KeHbI Ha TeppHTOp1111
BCCP Ha paCCT05IH1111 LtO 4-5 K.M. H 60JIee JJ.PYI' OT JJ.pYI'a. 3THMH CKBa-
)K11HaM11, KaK rrp a BlIJJO, 3KCnJIyaTHpYIOTC5I rrepBble OT rroBepXHOCT11 3eMJI11
JJ.OCTaTOlJ:HO BoLto0611JIbHble BOLtOHOCHble I'opH30HTbI, 3aJIeI'aIO!lI.11e H11me
I'opH30HTa I'pYHToBbIX BOJJ.. 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHble 3anaCbI rrOJJ.3eMHbIX BOJJ.
3THX BOLtOHOCHbIX I'opH30HTOB rrpeBbIIlIaIOT oT6HpaeMoe OJJ.HHOlJ:HbIMH CKBa-
)KHHaMH KOJIHlJ:eCTBO BOLtb!. 003TOMY pacCpeLtOTOlJ:eHHble rro nJIow:aJJ.H 0JJ.11-
HOlJ:Hble 3KCrrJIyaTaUHoHHble Ha BOJJ.Y CKBamHHbI 06eCrrelJ:eHbI rrHTaHI1eM 11
npH paU110HaJIbHOM 11X TeXH11lJ:eCKOM 060pYJJ.oBaHH11 pa60TaIOT 6ecrrepe-
60HHO B TelJ:eHHe Bcero aMOpT113aUHOHHoI'o cpoKa 3KCrrJIyaTaU11H.
BOJIee HHTeHcHBHbIH oT60p rrpecHblx rroLt3eMHblX BOJJ. rrpoH3BoJJ.HTC51
CKOHUeHTpHpoBaHHbIM11 Ha OI'paHHlJ:eHHOH rrJIO!ll.aJJ.H BOJJ.03a60pHbIMI1 CKBa-
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K COmaJIeHHIO, CTpOI'11H YlJ:eT oT611paeMOI'o KOJIHlJ:eCTBa nOLt3eMHbIX
BOLt JJ.JI5I pa3JI11lJ:HMX HymJJ. HapOJJ.HOI'O X0351HCTBa B ueJIOM rro pecrry6JI11Ke
He rrp0113BOJJ.HTC5I. 00 LtaJIeKO He nOJIHbIM LtaHHbIM, c06paHHbIM B 1962 I'.
rrpI1 peI'110HaJIbHOH oueHKe 3KCrrJIyaTaU110HHMX 3anaCOB npecH
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TOpH11 BeJIopycc1111 He06xoLt11MO OpI'aH1130BaTb B KpaTlJ:aHIlIHH CpOK. YnpaB-
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uHeH YCJIOBH51X. B npouecce 3T11X Ha6JIIOLteHHH c06HpaIOTC5I CBeLteHH51 06
113MeHeH1111 JJ.11HaM11lJ:eCK11X ypoBHeH B 3KCnJIyaTau110HHbIX CKBa)K11HaX 11
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BHTe6cKe, BpeCTe 11 BapaHOBHlJ:ax. B 3THX I'opoLtax 6blJIO npoH3BeJJ.eHo
06CJJeJJ.oBaHHe Bcex JJ.ei1cTBYIOIll,HX I'pynnoBblx BOJJ.03a60poB, COCTaBJIeHbI
cxeMbI pacnOJIOmeH1151 CKBamHH 11 BbI6paHbI CKBam11HbI JJ.JI51 npoH3BoJJ.cTBa
pem11MHbIX Ha6JIIOJJ.eHHH.
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BbIX BOJJ.03a60pax 6bIJJ11 3HalJ:11TeJIbHO pacllIHpeHb!. K KOHUY 1962 I'. pe)K!1M-
HbIM11 Ha6JIIOJJ.eH1151M11 OXBalJ:eHbI BOJJ.03a60pbI 16 I'opoJJ.oB - MHHcKa,
fOMeJI5I, MOI'HJIeBa, B11Te6cKa, BpecTa, BapaHOB11lJ:eH, COJIHI'OpCKa, CBeT-
JIOrOpCKa, MOJIoJJ.elJ:HO, OpIlI11, PelJ:HUbI, 011HCKa, M03blp51, B06pYHcKa,
HOBoI'pYJJ.Ka H CJIOHHMa.
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3KCrrJIyaTaUHoHHble 3arraCbI rrpecHblx rr0JJ.3eMHbIX BOJJ., rrpeJJ.yrrpeJJ.11Tb B03-




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1980 r. 1980 r. TbIC. M 3 /cymKu 1970 r. 1980 r.
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350 500 BOJJ.03a60p
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BO!(03a6op
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16 *,




244 CYllJ,ECTB. H B03MO/K:H. HCnOJIb30B. ilO,Ll,3EMH. BO,Ll, ,LI,JI51 lJ.EJIEYI BO,Ll,OCHAB.


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3epHHcTbIe rreCKH. XOpOllIO rrpOMbITbIe rreCKH cO,Ll,epJKaT B ce6e rrpecHbIe,
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O,Ll,HaKO 3TH MopeHHbIe ropH30HTbI He HMelOT rrOBceMeCTHoro rrJIO!ll.a,Ll,HOrO
pacrrpOCTpaHeHH5I, qaCTO BbIKJIHHHBaIOTC5I rro rrpOCTHpaHHIO H 3THM caMbIM
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.BO,n:, rrpHypOqeHHbIX K BO,Ll,HOJIe,Ll,HHKOBbIM neCKaM 6epe3HHCKoro, ,LI,HerrpOB-
"CKoro H MOCKOBCKoro OJIe,Ll,eHeHHH, a TaKJKe 06YCJIOBJIHBalOT CB5I3b rrO.lL3eM-
,HbIX BO,Ll, C rrOBepXHOCTHbIMH BO,Ll,OTOKaMH. rH,LI,paBJIHqeCKa5I CB5I3b pa3JIHq-
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'ceHOMaHCKHMH rreCI\,aMH MO!ll.HOCTblO ,LI,O 15,0 M. K HHM rrpHypOqeHbI rrpec-
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f1o,Ll, qeTBepTHqHbIMH H ceHOMaHCKHMH OTJIOJKeHH5IMH 3aJIeralOT rJIHHbI,
. ,LI,OJIOMHTbI, MepreJIH H rreCqaHHKH HapoBcKoro ropH30HTa, Cpe,Ll,HerO ,LI,eBOHa,
cO,Ll,epJKa!ll.He BO,Ll,bI C MHHepaJIH3all,HeH ,LI,O 1,37 e/A.. BO,Ll,006HJIbHOCTb HX He-
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HOCTblO ,LI,O 267,0 M. Tpe!ll.HHOBaTbIe rreCqaHHKH BO,Ll,OHOCHbIe. BepXH5I5I
TOJI!lI.a HHJKHeKeM6pHHcKHX rreCqaHHKOB MO!ll.HOCTblO ,LI,O 84,0 M 5IBJI5IeTC5I
XOpOllIO rrpoMbITOH H BbI!lI.eJIOqeHHOH H CO,Ll,epJKHT B ce6e rrpecHbIe, fH,LI,pO-
xap6oHaTHO-KaJIbll,HeBO-HaTpHeBbIe BO,Ll,bI C MHHepaJIH3all,HeH ,LI,O 500 Me/A..
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121,0 M 3aJIeraeT B YCJIOBH5IX 3aTpY,Ll,HeHHOro BO,lI,006MeHa C ,LI,HeBHOH rro-
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C MHHepaJIH3all,HeH ,LI,O 27,25 ciA.. f1eCqaHHKH 6eJIOpyccKOH cepHH rrO,Ll,CTHJIa-
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'HaqaJIaCb e!ll.e B HaqaJIe XX B. B 1902 r. B BO,Ll,OrrpOBO,Ll, r. MHHcKa BO,Ll,a
'nO,lI,aBaJIaCb H3 rr5ITH apTe3HaHcKHx KOJIO,Ll,lI,eB rJIy6HHoH HeCKOJIbKO ,LI,eC5IT-
KOB MeTpoB, cYMMapHbIH 3KCrrJIyaTall,HOHHbIH ,LI,e6HT KOTOpbIX COCTaBJI5IJI
OKO.r1O 400 M 3 1'1.ac. B nocJIe,Ll,YIO!lI.He rO,Ll,bI KOJIHqeCTBO BO,Ll,03a6opHbIX cKBa-,
JKHH, 3KCrrJIyaTHpYlO!lI.HX rrO,Ll,3eMHbIe BO,Ll,bI qeTBepTHqHbIX OT JIOJKeHHH, rro-
CTerreHHO B03paCTaJIo. O,lI,HHOqHbIMH BO,Ll,03a6opHbIMH coopYJKeHH5IMH BO,Ll,O-
'cHa6JKeHHe r. MHHcKa oCYllI,ecTBJI5IJIOCb ,LI,O 1932 r., a B nOCJIe,Ll,YIOllI,eM ,LI,/15I
3THX lI,eJIeH 6bIJIH coopYJKeHbI TaKJKe rpyrrrroBbIe BO,Ll,03a6opbI.
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Py)],oBaHHblx cenaTbIMH H B OT)],eJIbHbIX CJIY'IaHX KapKacHblMH cpHJJbTpaMII,
)],HaMeTpOM 250-150 MM C rpaBHHHoH 06CblIIKOH IIpH )],JIHHe pa60'IeH
'IaCTH 11-12 M, KOJIe6J1eTCH OT 26 )],0 92 M 3 /'l.ac. Cpe)],HHH )],e6HT O)],HOH
B3aHMo)],eHCTBYIOill,eH CKBa)KHHbI COCTaBJIHeT 65,0 M 3 /'l.aC IIPH cpe)],HeM
rrOHH)KeHHH OT IIepBOHa'IaJIbHOrO IIbe30MeTpH'IeCKOrO ypOBHH, paBHoM
12,4 M.
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BO)],bI BO BpeM51 IIpeKpaIll,eHHH pa60TbI O)],HOH CKBa)KHHbI IIpH IIpO)1,OJ1)KalO-
ru,eMCH oT60pe BO)],bI H3 )],pyrnx 3KCIIJIyaTall,HOHHbIX CKBa)KHH Bo)],03a60pa'
B HaCTOHIll.ee BpeMH COCTaBJIHeT 5,3 M. OCTaJIbHble 7,1 M IIpe)1,cTaBJJHIOT
C060H CHH)KeHHe ypOBHH BO)],bI B MOCKOBcKo-)],HeIIpoBcKOM BO)],OHOCHOM
ropH30HTe BO BpeMeHH 3a C'IeT B3aHMo)],eHcTBHH CKBa)KHH H cpOpMHpoBa-
HHH )],eIIpeccHoHHOH BOpOHKH.
Cpe)],H51H BeJIH'IHHa IIpOH3Bo)],HTeJJbHOCTH Bcero Bo)],03a60pa H3
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3KCIIJJyaTHpyeMbIH ropH30HT YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'ITO 06p a30BaBllIaHCH B pe-
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246 CYllJ,EC11B. H B03MO*H. HCrrOJIb30B. rrO,IJ,3EMi-i. BO;:L ,IJ,JI5I ,IJ.E,'1El'I BOAOCHAE.


Hora rop1l30HTa Jl,enpeCCll5I Y)Ke CTa611JI1l311pOBaJIaCb, T. e. Ha6JI!OJI,aeTC5I
YCTaHoBliBlUllHC5I pe)KllM pa60TbI BOJl,03a60pa. C !Ora Jl,enpeCCll5I orpaHll-
qeHa p. CBllCJIO%!O, rrpOTeKa!OIl1.eH B 1,5 KM OT BOJl,03a60pa. K ceBepy,
B CTOPOHY BOJl,opa3J1,eJIa, paJl,llYc cTa611JI1l311pOBaBlUeilc5I Jl,enpeCClloHHOH
BOpOHKH COCTaBJI5IeT 3,1 KM.
DeTpoBIl1.11HCKHH BOJl,03a60p coopY)KeH B 1937 r. Ha OCHOBaHHll rHJI,pO-
reOJIOrHqeCKHX HCCJIeJl,OBaHHH, npoBeJl,eHHbIX B 1935 r. MHHCKOH rHJI,po-
reo./IOrHqeCKOH 3KCneJl,llll.HeH Bceco!03Horo HayqHO-HCCJIeJl,OBaTeJIbCKOrO
IIHcTHTYTa B01I.fEO. 3TOT BOJl,03a60p 3KCnJIyaTHpyeT nOJl,3eMHble BOJl,bI Wi
npOT5I)KeHI-IH nOqTlI 25 JIeT. B rOJl,bI BeJIHKOH OTe'leCTBeHHoH BOHHbI BOJl,O-
3a60p pa60TaJI HepHTMHqHO H He Ha nOJIHY!O MOIl1.HOCTb.
3KCrrJIyaTall.HOHHble CKBa)KHHbI Ha DeTpOBIl1.HHCKOM BOJl,03a60pe pac-
TIOJIO)KeHbI B OJl,HY .'1HHH!O. PaCCTomme Me)KJI,Y CKBa)KHHaMH - OT 230 Jl,0
645 At, B CpeJl,HeM OHO COCTaBmIeT nOp5IJI,Ka 335 M. 1I.JIHHa JIHHHH BOJl,O-
3a60pa 4,7 KM. fJIy6HHa CKBa)KHH 56,5-86,0 M. CpeJl,H5I5I rJIy6HHa CKBa-
)KHH COCTaBJI5IeT 70 M. DpOH3B0)1HTeJ'1bHOCTb CKBa)KHH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 22
)].0 93 M 3 /'iac. Cpe)1HHe Jl,e6HTbI CKBa)KHH, 060pYJI,OBaHHblx KapKacHo-npo-
BOJIOqHbIMH cpHJIbTpaMH C Jl,BOHHOi'I rpaBHHHoH 06CblTIKOH )1JIHHOH OT 10,85
,JI,O 20,00 M H )1HaMeTpoM 10-6//, COCTaBJI5I!OT 50,0 M 3 /'iaC rrpH nOHH)KeHHH
.34,3 M OT nepBOHaqaJIbHOrO nbe30MeTpHqeCKOrO ypOBH5I.
Be.'1HqHHa 06Il1.ero CHH)KeHH5I rrepBOHaqaJIbHOrO ypOBHR 3a CqeT B3aH-
MO)1ei'IcTBH5I Bcex BOJl,03a60pHbIX CKBa)KHH H cpOpMHpOBaHH5I Jl,errpeCCHoH-
BOH BOpOHKH COCTaBJI5IeT 10,2 M. Do )1aHHbIM pe)KHMHbIX Ha6JI!OJI,eHHH
B 3KCrrJIyaTall.HOHHbIX CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO CpeJl,Hee rrOHH)KeHHe OT
BOCCTaHaBJIHBa!OIl1.erOCR B HaCTORIl1.ee BpeM5I ypOBH5I B O)1HOH CKBa)KHHe
rrpH pa60Te Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX CKBa)KHH paBHo 24,1 M. Cpe)1H5IR rrpOH3Bo)1H-
TeJIbHOCTb DeTpOBIl1.HHCKOro BOJl,03a60pa H3 14 CKBa)KHH 3a rrepHOJl, 1953-
1961 fr. COCTaBJI5IJIa 19,5 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
3eJIeHOBCKHH B0)103a60p cooPY)KeH Ha OCHOBaHHH reo.1JOrO-rHJI,pOreO-
JIorH'IeCKHX H3bIcKaHHH, npOBe)1eHHbIX y!HCTHTYTOM B01I.fEO B 1935-
1937 rr. CTpOHTeJIbCTBO BOJl,03a60pa npOH3BOJl,HJIOCb B Te'leHHe HeCKOJIb-
KHX JIeT. DepBble TPH 3KCrrJIyaTall.HOHHble CKBa)KHHbl 6bIJIH np06ypeHbI
3J1,eCb B 1951 r.
3eJIeHOBCKHH BOJl,03a60p 5IBJIReTCR JIHHeHHbIM. 1I.JIHHa JIHHHH B0)10-
3a60pa 4,5 KM. PaCCT05IHHe Me)KJI,Y CKBa)KHHaMH OT 170 AO 670 M npH npe-
06JIa)1aHHH 300-400 M. f JIy6HHa 3KCrrJIyaTall.HOHHbIX CKBa)KHH 60-80 M,
)1e6HT KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 25)10 95 M 3 /'iac. CpeJl,H5I5I rrpOH3B0)1HTeJIbHOCTb
3KCrrJIyaTall.HOHHbIX CKBa)KllH, 060PYJI,OBaHHblx KapKacHO-CTep)KHeBbIMH

HJIbTpaMH C npOBOJIOqHOH 06MOTKOH H rpaBHHHoH 06CNrrKOH rrpH Jl,JIHHe
pa60'leH '1aCTH 10,75-18,4 M H Jl,HaMeTpe 10-6", COCTaBJIHeT 70,0 M 3 /'iac.
CpeJl,Hee rrOHH)KeHHe OT nepBoH,!qaJIbHOrO ypOBH5I paBHo 13,8 M. BeJIllqHHa
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pOBaHH5I Jl,enpeCCHH COCTaBJI5IeT 6 M. B HaCT05IIl1.ee BpeM5I cpe)1Hee nOHH)Ke-
HI1e B 3KCnJIyaTau.HoHHbIX CKBa)KHHaX OT BOCCTaHaBJIHBa!OIl1.erOC5I ypOBH5I
B OTKJI!OqeHHOH CKBa)KHHe npH pa60Te Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX CKBa)KIIH paBHo
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1I.aHHbIMH Ha6.1J!OJI,eHHH no 3KCnJIyaTall.l10HHbIM CKBa)KHHaM I1 CTBOpy
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BOJl,oOT60pe B 30 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU ypoBeHb BO)1bI Ha 3eJIeHOBCKoM BOJl,03a-
60pe CHH)KaeTC5I B CpeJl,HeM 3a roJl, Ha BeJIHqHHY 0,5 M. 3TO CBH)1eTeJIb-
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3a60pa.
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Be)1eHHbIX HHCTHTYTOM B01I.fEO B 1935-1937 rr.




248 Cy.w;ECTB. H B03MO)l<H. HCnOJIb30B. nO}J,3EMH, BO,LJ, ,LJ,JI5I UEJIEH BO,LJ,OCHAB.


T a 6 JI 11 l\ a 57
3KCnJIyaTaL\HOHHble 3anaCbI npecHbix nOA3eMHblX BO)l.
Me)KMOpeHHoro MOCKOBCKO-)l.HenpoBcKoro BO)l.OHOCHOro ropH30HTa
B paiioHe r. MHHcKa no COCTODHHIO Ha 1/1 1962 r.


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po.I(a 43,0
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BO.I(OIIOU -- - 45,0 47,0
BOJIMa - - 45,0 32,0
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cpeJIHlJ,I1aHOBO - - 23,0 -
HToro 111,3\136,°1246,0 I 249,0
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CYIlI,ECTB. H B03MO>KH. HcnOJIb30B. nO,LJ,3EMH.BOl( ,LJ,JI5I LLEJIEl'I BOIJ,OCHAB. 249


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250 CYIl(ECTB. J.1 B03MO)l\H. J.1CnOJIb30B. nO)]:3EMH. BO)]: )]:JI5I UEJIEYI BO)]:OCHAB.


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CYmECl'B. H B03MO)l\H. HCnOJIb30B. nO}J,3EMH. BOjJ, ,o,JI51 U:EJIEYI BOjJ,OOHAE. 251


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,lJ,eBOHCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH, COCTaBJI5I!OT rrOp5I,lJ,Ka 60 M. CKBa)KHHbI, 3KCrrJIya-
THpY!OIl1.He ceHOMaHCKHH BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT, pacrr0J10)KeHbI Ha pac-
CT05IHHH 200-300 M. BO,lJ,03a60p N2 1 COCTOHT H3 ,lJ,eB5ITH 3KCrrJIyaTaU:HoH-
HbIX CKBa)KHH, H3 KOTOpbIX ceMb 3KCnJIyaTHpY!OT ceHoMaHcKHH BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH
ropH30HT. DepBble ,lJ,Be CKBa)KHHbI 6bIJIH 3aJIO)KeHbI B 1936-1938 rr.
OCTaJIbHble BO,lJ,03a60pHble Bblpa60TKH 6bIJIH rrp06ypeHbI 3a rrepHO,lJ, C 1948
rro 1958 r. fJIy6HHbI CKBa)KHH KOJIe6JI!OTC5I B cpejJ,HeM 01' 84,5 ,lJ,0 117,4 M.
3KCnJIyaTaU:HoHHble CKBa)KHHbI 060pY,lJ,oBaHbI KapKacHo-rrpOBOJIOlJHbIMH
cpHJIbTpaMH H KapKacHo-rrpOBOJIOlJHbIMH cpHJIbTpaMH C rpaBHHHoH 06CbIII-
KOH. B OT,lJ,eJIbHbIX CKBa)KHHaX BCTpelJa!OTC5I KOp3HHlJaTble H CeTlJaTble

!1JIbTpbI. gHaMeTp cpHJIbTpOB 6, 8, 10 H 12" rrpH ,lJ,JIHHe HX pa60lJeH lJaCTH
01' 4,5 ,lJ,O 11,7 M. Bo Bcex CKBa)KHHaX, 3KCrrJIyaTHpY!OIl1.HX ceHoMaHcKHH
BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT, cpHJIbTpbI HaXO,lJ,5ITC5I B HHTepBaJ1e rJIy6HH 64,7-
102,8 M 01' rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. CYMMapHa5I rrpoH3Bo,lJ,HTeJIbHOCTb ceMH
3KCrrJIyaTaU:HoHHbIX CKBa)KHH COCTaBJI5IeT 7,7 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU.
gBe CKBaLKHHbI Ha BO,lJ,03a60pe N2 1 3KCnJIyaTHpY!OT rrO,lJ,3eMHble BO,lJ,bI
Cpe,lJ,He,lJ,eBoHcKHX OTJIO)KeHHH. fJIy6I1HbI 3THX CKBa)KHH 119,63 H 141,0 M.
P a60lJHe lJaCTH KapKacHo-npOBOJIOlJHbIX cpHJIbTpOB C rpaBHHHoH 06CbIIIKOH
JJ,JIHHOH ,lJ,0 11,25 M H ,lJ,HaMeTpoM 10-6// HaXO,lJ,5ITC5I B HHTepBaJIe r JIy6HH 01'
107,38,lJ,0 118,52 M. MOIl1.HOCTb BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX MeJIK03epHHcTbIX rreCKOB, 3aJIe-
ra!OIl1.HX B BH,lJ,e rrpOCJIOeB Me)K,lJ,y fJIHHaMH, COCTaBJI5IeT 12,63 H 14,0 M.
Obe30MeTpHlJeCKHe ypOBHH B CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHaBJII1BaIOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHax
5,5-6,5 M 01' rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. ge6HTbI 3KCrrJIyaTaU:HoHHb1X CKBaLKH1-I
18,7 11 21,2 M 3 /'lGC. CYMMapHaH rrpOH3BO,lJ,HTeJIbHOCTb HX COCTaBJI5IeT
1,0 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU. 06Il1.a5I rrpoH3Bo,lJ,HTeJIbHOCTb BO,lJ,03a60pa N2 1 COCTa3-
JI5IeT 8,7 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
BO,lJ,03a60p N2 2 HaXO,lJ,HTC5I Ha ceBepo-3arra,lJ,HoH oKpaHHe D06pYHcKa.
OH COCTOHT H3 rneCTH CKBa)KHH, pacrrOJIO)KeHHbIX B JIHHH!O. P aCCTOHHUP




252 CYIl(ECTB. H B03MO)KH. J.1Cf10Jlb30B. f10.lL3EMH. BOfl. }J,JI5I ,UEJIEYI BOfl.OCJ-!AB.


Me)K,lJ,Y CKBa)KI1HaMH, 3KCI1JIya:rHpYIOllJ,HMH ceHoMaHcKHH H HeOreH-l1aJIeOre-'
HOBbIH BO,lJ,OHOCHble ropH30HTbI, COCTaBJIHeT OKOJIO 20 M.
rIHTb CKBa)KHH rJIy6HHoH OT 112 ,lJ,O 132 M 3KCI1JIyaTHpYIOT ceHOMaH-
CKHH BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT. PaccToHHHe Me)K,lJ,Y HHMI1 paBHo 300,0 M.
BCKpbITaH MOllJ,HOCTb BO,lJ,OHOCHOro ropH30HTa COCTaBJIHeT 7,0-18,2 M. Bce
CKBa)KHHbI o60pY,lJ,OBaHbI KapKacHo-npOBOJIOqHbIMH cpHJIbTpaMH, B 60JIb-
IllHHCTBe CJIyqaeB C rpaBI11moH 06CbIl1KOH ,lJ,HaMeTpoM 8, 6, 7/4 11 6/4" npll.
,lJ,JIHHe pa60qeH qaCTI1 I1X OT 7,0 ,lJ,0 14,85 M. <t>HJIbTpbI HaXO,lJ,HTCH B HHTep-
BaJIe rJIy6I1H 94,85-119,39 M OT 110BepXHocTH 3eMJIH. rIepBble ,lJ,Be 3KC-
nJIyaTaUI10HHble CKBa)KI1HbI Ha yqaCTKe BO,lJ,03a60pa 6bIJII1 np06ypeHbI
B 1958-1959 rr., OCTaJIbHble - B 1961 r. ge6I1TbI CKBa)KI1H I13MeHHIOTC51
B npe,lJ,eJIax OT 17,8 ,lJ,0 43,8 M 3 /'laC npH nOHI1)KeHHI1 B Cpe,lJ,HeM 20,0 M_
rIepe,lJ, BBO,lJ,OM CKBa)KI1H B 3KCnJIyaTauHIO I1be30MeTpI1qeCKI1e ypOBHI1 B HI1X
HaXO,lJ,I1JIHCb Ha rJIy6HHax 11,0-29,0 M OT nOBepXHOCTI1 3eMJII1. CYMMap-
HbIH ,lJ,e6I1T nHTH CKBa)KI1H COCTaBJIHeT 3,5 TbIC. M 3 /CYTK.U.
O,lJ,HOH CKBa)KHHOH, np06ypeHHoH Ha BO,lJ,03a60pe N!? 2, B 1961 r.
3KCnJIyaTI1pyeTcH HeOreH-l1aJIeOreHOBbIH BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH KOMI1JIeKC. BO,lJ,OBMe-
llJ,aIOllJ,I1e 110pO,lJ,bI 3Toro BO,lJ,OHOCHOro KOMI1JIeKCa npe,lJ,CTaBJIeHbI MeJIKO- H
TOHK03epHI1CTbIMH l1eCKaMH, BCKpbITaH MOllJ,HOCTb KOTOpbIX COCTaBJIHeT
23,2 M. CKBa)KHHa r JIy6I1HOH 50 M 060pY,lJ,OBaHa KapKacHo-l1pOBOJIOqHbIM
cpHJIbTpOM C rpaBI1HHOH 06CbInKOH ,lJ,I1aMeTpOM 10/6" B HHTepBaJIe rJIy6HK
28,75-39,8 M OT 110BepXHOCTI1 3eMJIH. ge6I1T CKBa)KI1HbI paBeH 20 M 3 /'laC,
I1JII1 0,5 TUC. M 3 /CYTK.U, I1PH 110HH)KeHI1H ypOBHH Ha 12 M. rIbe30MeTpHQe-
CKHH ypoBeHb HaXO,lJ,I1TCH Ha rJIy6I1He 7 M OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJII1.
06llJ,aH I1p0I13BO,lJ,I1TeJIbHOCTb BO,lJ,03a60pa N!? 2 113 IlleCTI1 CKBa)KHH
B 1963 r. COCTaBJIHJIa 4,0 TbIC. M 3 /CYTK.U.
CY,lJ,H 110 reoJIoro-rI1,lJ,poreoJIOrI1QeCKI1M YCJIOBHHM, l1epCl1eKTI1BHaH 110-
Tpe6HocTb r. I306pYHcKa B X03HHcTBeHHO-nI1TbeBOH BO,lJ,e B KOJIHQeCTBe
92 TbIC. M 3 /CYTK.U MO)KeT 6bITb nOJIHOCTbIO y,lJ,OBJIeTBOpeHa 3a CQeT nO,lJ,3eM-
HbIX BO,lJ, nYTeM CTpOI1TeJIbCTBa HOBbIX 11 paCIllHpeHI1H ,lJ,eHCTBYIOllJ,HX rpYI1-
nOBblX BO,lJ,03a60poB.
OCHOBHbIM ,lJ,JIH 3KCI1JIyaTauI1H HBJIHeTCH ceHOMaHCKI1H BO,lJ,OHOCHbIH
rOpI130HT. rIpI1 np0I13BO,lJ,CTBe rI1,lJ,poreoJIOrHQeCKI1X I1CCJIe,lJ,OBaHI1H C ueJIbIO
Bu60pa nepCl1eKTI1BHbIX YQaCTKOB ,lJ,JIH CTpOI1TeJIbCTBa BO,lJ,03a60poB He06-
XO,lJ,I1MO YQI1TblBaTb B03MO)KHOCTb BbIHBJIeHI1H BbICOKOBO,lJ,006HJIbHbIX aJIJIIO-
BI1aJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHI1H, npI1ypOQeHHbIX K ,lJ,peBHeH norpe6eHHoI1 ,lJ,OJIHHe
p. I3epe3I1HbI. rIepCl1eKTI1BHbIMI1 ,lJ,JIH BbIHBJIeHI1H BO,lJ,006I1JIbHbIX BO,lJ,OHOCHbIX
rOpI130HTOB HBJIHIOTCH TaK)Ke MOCKOBCKO-,lJ,Hel1pOBCKHe BO,lJ,HOJI e,lJ,HI1KO Bble
neCKI1. rIOHCKI1 110,lJ,3eMHbIX BO,lJ, ,lJ,OJI)KHbI I1pOH3BO,lJ,HTbCH I1pe)K,lJ,e Bcero
B,lJ,OJIb ,lJ,OJI 11 HbI p. I3epe3I1HbI. rIpI1 pacnOJIO)KeHI1I1 YQaCTKOB BO,lJ,03a6opoB
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p. I3epe3I1HbI, I1MeIOllJ,eH 3HaQI1TeJIbHbIH paCXO,lJ, BO,lJ,bI BO Bce BpeMeHa rO,lJ,a,
nOCTOHHHbIM I1CTOQHI1KOM I1I1TaHI1H 3KCnJIyaTaUI1oHHbI.X BO,lJ,03a60pHbIX CKBa-
)KHH MorYT CJIY)KI1Tb peQHble BO,lJ,bI.
rIpH 3KCI1JIyaTaUHI1 TOJIbKO ceHOMaHCKoro BOAoHOCHoro ropH30HTa 110-
Tpe6Hoe KO.TII1QeCTBO X03HHCTBeHHO-nI1TbeBOH BO,lJ,bI B 92 TbIC. M 3 /CYTK.U
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B pa,lJ,I1yce ,lJ,0 7-9 K.M BOKpyr r. I306pYHcKa. :'::ha I1JIOllJ,a,lJ,b MO)KeT 6bITb
3HaQI1TeJIbHO COKpallJ,eHa npI1 YCJIOBI1I1 BbIHBJIeHI1H BO,lJ,006HJIbHbIX BO,lJ,HO-
JIeAHHKOBbIX 11 norpe6eHHblx aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX l1eCKOB ,lJ,peBHeH ,lJ,OJIHHbI
p. I3epe3I1HbI.
11 C T 0 Q H 11 K 0 M X 0 3 H H C T B e H H 0 - n 11 T b e B 0 rOB 0 ,lJ, 0 C H a 6-
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QeTBepTHQHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH.
B paHOHe r. I3opHcoBa MOllJ,HOCTb qeTBepTHQHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH COCTaB-.
JIHeT 90-140 M. OHI1 nOBceMeCTHO nOACTHJIaIOTCH MOllJ,HOH Kap6oHaTHo-




C:YIlI,ECTB. H B03MO)KH. HcnoJib30B. nOJJ;3EMH. BO;'J: JJ;JI
 UEJIEYI BOJJ;OCHAB. 253


TeppHreHHOH TOJILQeH HapoBcKoro ropH30HTa cpeAHero AeBoHa, K KOTOpOH
npHypO'leHbI MHHepaJIbHbIe cYJIbcpaTHO-KaJIbUHeBO-MarHHeBbIe BOAbI C MHHe-
paJIH3aUHeH 3-4 e/A.
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3aJIeraIOT BOAHOJIeAHHKOBbIe neCKH MOLQHOCTbIO AO 13,5 M, K KOTOpbIM npH-
ypO'leHbI rpYHToBbIe BOAbI. B OCHOBaHHH HX JIe)KHT MopeHa MOCKOBCKoro
,0JIeAeHeHHH MOLQHOCTbIO AO 13 M.
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HeHHe. CpeAHHH MOLQHOCTb HX COCTaBJIHeT 20 M. 11pH OTKa'lKe H3 CKBa)KHH,
060pYAoBaHHbIx cpHJIbTpaMH, B HHTepBaJIe BOAOHOCHbIX AHerrpoBcKo-MOC-
,KOBCKHX BOAHOJIeAHHKOBbIX rreCKOB rrOJIY'IeHbI Ae6HTbI OT 6,9 AO 8,5 M 3 /'lGC
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BOAOHOCHbIH ropH30HT MOCKOBCKO- AHerrpoBcKHX Me)KMOpeHHbIx CPJIIO-
BHOrJIHu.HaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH rrOACTHJIaeTCH AHerrpoBcKoH MopeHoH, MOLQ-
.HOCTb KOTOpOH AOCTHraeT 12 M. HH)Ke ee, Ha rJIy6HHe OT 50 AO 70 M 3aJIe-
raIOT 6epe3HHcKO-AHeIJpOBCKHe BOAHOJIeAHHKOBbIe MeJIKO-, cpeAHe- H Kpyrr-
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OTKa'leK BOAbI H3 HHX Ae6HT CKBa)KHH COCTaBJIHJI 12-14 M 3 /'lGC IJpH IJOHH-
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B CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH Ha rJIy6HHax OT 13 AO 18 M. B OCHOBaHHH
BOAOHOCHoro ropH30HTa 3aJIeraeT 6epe3HHcKaH MopeHa MOLQHOCTbIO OT 7
JIO 42 M, KOTopaH IJOACTHJIaeTCH OTJIO)KeHHHMH cpeAHero AeBOHa.
06bI'IHO MopeHHbIe ropH30HTbI He HMeIOT BbIAep)KaHHOrO IJJIOLQaAHOrO
paCIJpOCTpaHeHHH, 'IaCTO BbIKJIHHHBaIOTCH H TeM caMbIM C03AaIOT 6JIaro-
IJpHHTHbIe YCJIOBHH AJIH B3aHMOCBH3H IJOA3eMHbIX BOA, rrpHypO'leHHbIX
K 'IeTBepTH'IHbIM OT JIO)KeHHHM.
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Ka.lbu.HeBbJe BOAbI. fpYHTOBbIe BOAbI aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX H HaAMopeHHbIX BOA-
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H 8" IJpH AJIHHe pa60'leH 'IaCTH HX 0'1' 5,35 AO 14,33 M. 06bI'IHO CPHJIbTpbI
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cy.TJbcpaToB - OT 6,58 AO 8,02 Me/A. 110 OTAeJIbHbIM CKBa)KHHaM Ha6JIIOAa-
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CYll1,ECTB. H B03MO
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TOJIIll.H COCTaBJI5IeT 91-162 M. BO,II.bI, rrpHypO'leHHble K 3TOH TOJIIll.e, Ha-
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fJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I HarropHoro BO,II.OHOCHOro ropH30HTa paBHa 180-215 M.
Dbe30MeTpH'IeCKHe ypOBHH B CKBalKHHax YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC5I Ha r JIy6HHax
4,8-19,0 M OT rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. ,lJ.e6HT CKBalKHH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 21,6
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B OCHOBaHHH ceHOMaHCKoro BO,II.OHOCHOro ropH30HTa B paHoHe
r. BpeCTa Ha rJIy6HHe 200-242 M 3aJIeralOT IOpcKHe H3BeCTH5IKH MOIll.-
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3KCrrJIyaTalI.HH YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'ITO CO,II.eplKaHHe lKeJIe3a B rrO,II.3eMHbIX BO,II.aX
BepXHeMeJIOBbIX H BepXHelOpCKHX OT JIOlKeHHH ,II.OCTHraeT 3,5-3,8 Me/A.
B r. BpeCTe .LI.eHCTBYIOT .LI.Ba rpyrrrroBbIX BO.LI.03a60pa: N2 1 «DapK CBO-
60.LI.bI» H N2 2 «fpaeBKa». KpoMe Toro, Ha TeppHTopHH ropo.LI.a HMeeTC5I
60JIbillOe KOJIH'IeCTBO Be.LI.OMCTBeHHbIX O.LI.HHO'lHbIX 3KCrrJIyaTalI.HOHHbIX
CK!3a.lKHH.
BO.LI.03a6op N2 1 «DapK CBo6o.LI.bI» paCrrOJIOlKeH B IOlKHOH LIaCTU ropO.LI.a
Ha rrpaBo6epelKHoH Teppace p. MyxaBlI.a. OH COCTOHTH3 'IeTblpeX 3KCrrJIya-
TaIJ:HOHHbIX CKBalKHH, KOTopble pacrrOJIaralOTC5I rro BepIIIHHaM 'IeTblpeX-
yrOJIbHHKa C paCCT05IHHeM OT 102 .LI.O 215 M .LI.pyr OT .LI.pyra. 3THMH CKBa-
}KHHaMH 3KCrrJIyaTHpYIOTC5I ceHoH-TypOHCKHH H ceHoMaHcKHH BO.LI.OHOCHble
ropH30HTbI. B cKBalKHHax, 3KCrrJIyaTHpYIOIll.HX ceHoH-TYPOHCKHH BO.LI.OHOC-
HbIH ropH30HT, YCTaHOBJIeHbI rrepl}JopHpOB3HHble Tpy6bI .LI.HaMeTpoM 8".
CeHoMaHcKHH BO.LI.OHOCHbIH ropH30HT 3KCrrJIyaTHpyeTC5I 6eCl}JHJIbTpOBbIMH
CKBalKHHaMH. TaKa5I KOHCTPYKlI.H5I CKBalKHH C03.L1.aHa rrYTeM o6pa30BaHH5I
KaBepHbI B MeJIK03epHHcTbIX ceHOMaHCKHX
ecKax, HMelOIll.HX YCTOH'IHBYIO
KpOBJIIO H3 MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX rropo.LI.. 06bILIHO KaBepHbI 3arrOJIHeHbI rpa-
BHeM. ,lJ.e6HT CKBalKHH Ha BO.LI.03a6ope N2 1 COCTaBJI5IeT 30-90 M 3 /'lGC rrpH
nOHHlKeHHH ypOBH5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 4,5-13,0 M. ,lJ.HHaMH'IeCKHe YPOBHH
HaXO.LI.5ITC5I Ha rJIy6HHax OT 24 .LI.O 34 M. Dbe30MeTpH'IeCKHe YPOBHH B OT-
KJIIOLIeHHoH CKBalKHHe rrpH pa60Te .LI.pyrHx BO.LI.03a6opHbIX Bblpa60ToK
YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHax 19-21 M. CYMMapHbIH .LI.e6HT 'IeTblpeX
CKBalKHH Ha BO.LI.03a6ope N2 1 B 1963 r. COCTaBJI5IJI 6 TbIC. M 3 jCYTIW.
BO.lI.o3a60p N2 2 «fpaeBKa» pacrrOJIO.lKeH Ha ceBepHoH oKpaHHe
r. BpeCTa. OH BKJIIOLIaeT B ce65I TPH 3KCrrJIyaTalI.HOHHble cKBalKHHbI, pac-
nOJIOlKeHHble B JIHHHIO C paCCT05IHH5IMU 240 H 295 M .LI.pyr OT .LI.pyra. Bec-
<PHJIbTPOBbIMH CKBa.lKHHaMU 3KCnJIyaTHpyeTC5I ceHOMaHCKHH BO.LI.OHOCHbIH




. 256 CYIIJ.ECTB. J1 B03MOJKH. HCnOJIb30B. nO)],3EMH. BO)], )],JI51 lJ,EJIEA BO)],OCHAB.


ropH30HT. KaBepHbI B MeJIK03epHHcTbIX ceHOMaHCKHX I1eCKaX l!aCTlF1HO 3a-
IIOJIHeHbI rpaBHeM. Lle6HT CKBa.IKHH COCTaBJI51eT B Cpe,lI,HeM 78,7 .M 3 J'lac I1PH
IIOHH.lKeHHH ypOBH51 Ha 6,5 .M. LlHHaMHl!eCKHe ypOBHH B oTKJIIOl!eHHoli CKBa-
.lKHHe B YCJIOBH51X pa60TbI )],PYfHX CKBa.IKHH YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC51 Ha rJIy6HHe
14 .M OT I10BepXHocTH 3eMJIH. CYMMapHbIH ,lI,e6HT Tpex CKBa.IKHH Ha BO,lI,O-
3a6ope NQ 2 B 1963 r. 6bIJI paBeH 5,7 TbIC. .M 3 JCYTKU.
OT6op TIOTpe6HOro Ha TIepCI1eKTHBY KOJIHl!eCTBa BO,lI,bI B 119,2 TbIC.
.M 3 /CYTKU MO.IKeT 6bITb oCYllI,eCTBJI
H H3 BepxHe-Cpe,lI,HeIOpCKoro H ceHOMaH-
CKOl'O BO)],OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB I1YTeM 3aJIO.IKeHH51 BO,lI,03a6opoB B pa,lI,Hyce
;w 5,0-8,0 K.M OT r. opecTa.
HCTOl!HHKOM X0351HCTBeHHO-I1HTbeBOro BO,lI,oCHa6-
.IK e H H 51 r. B H T e 6 C K a 51BJI51eTC51 <ppaHcKHll BO)],OHOCHbIli KOMTIJIeKC.
Bo)],oBMelll,aIOllI,HMH I10po)],aMH 51BJI51IOTC51 BbI,lI,ep.IKaHHble I10 I1pOCTHpaHHIO
Tpelll,HHOBaTble H KaBepHo3Hble H3BeCTH51KH H ,lI,OJIOMHTbI, CHJIbHOpa3pYllIeH-
Hble H BbIllI,eJIOl!eHHble, MOlll,HOCTbIO ,lI,O 42 .M. BO,lI,OHOCHbIH KOMI1JIeKC Ha-
nopHbIM. BeJIHl!HHa HaI10pa I10 3KCI1JIyaTal(HoHHbIM CKBa.IKHHaM Ha TeppH-
TOpHH ropoAa AOCTHraeT 40 .M. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa peJIbe<pa
I1be30MeTpHqeCKHe YPOBHH BO,lI,bI B CKBa.IKHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC51 Ha rJIy6H-
Hax OT 0,2 ,lI,O 40,8 .M. BO,lI,bI 3Toro BOAOHOCHoro KOMI1JIeKCa xapaKTepH-
3YIOTC5J XOpOIlIHM KaqeCTBOM. CYXOH OCTaTOK HX He I1peBbIlliaeT 603 .Mc./J1.,
KOJIH-THTp, KaK rrpaBHJIO, COCTaBJI51eT 60JIee 333.
B KpOBJIe <ppaHcKoro BOAOHOCHoro KOMI1JIeKCa 3aJIeraIOT qeTBepTHq-
Hble PbIXJIble o6BoAHeHHble OTJIO.IKeHH51 MOlll,HOCTbIO 19-68 .M.
B ,ZI.O/1HHax peK 3aI1. LlBHHbI H BHTb6bI Kap6oHaTHa51 TOJIllI,a BbIXO,lI,HT
Ha I10BepXHOCTb, B CB513H C qeM rrpHypOqeHHble K HeM TIo,lI,3eMHble BO,lI,bI
HMeIOT TecHYIO rH,lI,paBJIHqecKYIO CB513b C TIOBepXHocTHbIMH BO,lI,OToKaMH H
,QpeHHpYIOTC51 HMH. HH.lKe H3BeCTH5JKOB H ,lI,OJIOMHTOB <ppaHCKoro 51pyca 3a-
JIeraeT TeppHreHHa51 TOJIllI,a Cpe,lI,HerO H BepxHero ,lI,eBOHa, I1pe,lI,CTaBJIeHHa51
MeJIK03epHHcTbrMH I1eCKaMH C rrpOCJI051MH aJIeBpOJIHTOB, o6ll1,ell MOlll,-
HOCTbIO ,lI,O 110-130 .M. K 3THM I1eCKaM I1pHypOqeHbI I1peCHble, rHApoKap-
60H3THO-KaJIbl(HeBble BO,lI,bI.
T aKHM o6pa30M, BO,lI,OHOCHble Tpelll,HHoBaTble H KaBepHo3Hble H3BeCT-
H51KlI cppaHcKoro Hpyca 3aJIeraIOT B BeCbMa 6JIarOrrpH51THbIX rHAporeoJIo-
rHt!CCKHX YCJIOBH51X. DpHypOqeHHble K HHM BO,lI,bI HMeIOT fHApaBJIHqecKYIO
CB513b C I10,lI,3eMHbrMH BOAaMH BbIllIeJIe.IKalll,HX qeTBepTHqHbIX oTJIo.IKeHHll 'H
C nOBepxHocTHbIMH BO,ZI.OTOKaMH peK 3an. LlBHHbI, BH'Fb6bI H JlyqeCbI,
a TaK.lKe C HH.lKeJIe.IKalll,HM IlIBeHTollcKo-TapTYCKHM BOAOHOCHbIM KOMnJIeK-
COM.
B HaCT051llI,ee BpeMH B r. BHTe6cKe 3KCnJIyaTHpYIOTC51 TPH rpYTInOBbIX
BO,lI,03a6opa - BOA03a6op NQ 1 «DecKoBaTHK», NQ 2 «MapKOBllI,HHa» H NQ 3
«BHTb6a». KpoMe Toro, Ha TeppHTopHH r. BHTe6cKa <ppaHcKHll BO,lI,OHOCHbIli
KOMnJIeKC H qaCTHqHO BO,lI,bI qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO.IKeHHll 3KCTIJIyaTHpYIOTC51
MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIMH O,lI,HHOqHbIMH CKBa.IKHHaMH OT,lI,eJIbHbIX npe,lI,npH51THH.
BOAo3a6op NQ 1 «DecKoBaTHK» pacrrOJIO.IKeH B ceBepHoli qaCTH ropoAa
Ha CKJIOHe JIeBOrO KopeHHoro 6epera 3an. LlBHHbI H qaCTHqHO B ee rroHMe.
OH COCTOHT H3 10 3KCnJIyaTal(HoHHbIX CKBa.IKHH, pacnOJIO.IKeHHbIX npHMepHo
B IllaXM3THOM I10p5J,lI,Ke. PaCCT05JHHe Me.IK,lI,y CKBa.IKHHaMH COCTaBJIHeT
50-200 .M. CKBa.IKHHbr y,lI,aJIeHbI OT 3an. LlBHHbI Ha paCCT051HHe 40-270.M.
rJIy6I-IHbI CKBa.IKI-IH - 30,5-80,5 .M, ,lI,e6HTbI I-IX COCTaBJI51IOT 55-162 .M 3 f'lac
npH nOHH.lKeHHH ypOBH51 BO,QbI COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 1,35 H 4,38 .M. LlI-IHaMI-I-
qeCKHe ypOBHH HaXO,lI,51TC51 Ha r JIy6rmax 16,22-20,58 .M, a BOCCTaHOBHB-
IllI-IeC51 ypOBHH B OTKJIIOqeHHOH CKBa.IKHHe npH pa60Te Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX
CKBa.IKHH - Ha rJIy6HHax 14,87-16,2 .M. CYMMapHbIH ,ZI.e6HT CKBa.IKHH Ha
BO,ZI.0336ope NQ 1 «DecKoBaTHK» COCTaBJI51eT 16,0 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
BO,ZI.03a6op NQ 2 «MapKoBllI,HHa» pacnOJIO.IKeH B IOro-3ana,lI,Holi l!aCTH
rOpo,lI,3 Ha CKJIOHe npaBoro KopeHHoro 6epera 3aI1. LlBHHbI. OH COCTOHT n3




CYIII,ECT'B. J1 B03MOJKtH. HCnOJIb30B. nO;J,3EMH. BO)]. ):{JI5I IUEJIEA BO.n:OCtHAE. 257


n5ITH CKBaJl<HH, pacnOJIO:tKeHHbIX no BepIllHHaM HenpaBHJIbHOrO n5ITHyrOJIb-
HHKa, C paCCT05IHHeM OT 90 )].0 150 Ai )].pyr OT ,lI,pyra. PaCCT05IHHe OT 3KC-
nJIyaTaUHoHHbIX CKBa:tKHH )].0 p. 3an. LlBHHbI COCTaBJI5IeT 130-240 Ai. fJIY-
6HHbI CKBa:tKHH KOJIe6mOTCH OT 38,0 ,lI,0 63,5 Ai. Lle6HTbI HX COCTaBJI5IIOT
125,0-154,0 Ai 3 /'lac npH nOHH:tKeHHH ypOBH5I BO)].bI B HHX COOTBeTCTBeHHO
Ha 1,14 H 3,46 Ai. LlHHaMH4ecKHe ypOBHH B CKBa:tKHHaX HaXO)].5ITCH Ha rJIY-
6HHax OT 13,42 )].0 19,47 Ai, BOCCTaHOBHBIllHeC5I ypOBHH B OTKJII04eHHOH
CKBa:tKHHe npH pa60Te Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX CKBa:tKHH Bo)].03a60pa - Ha rJIy6H-
Hax 9,96-18,33 Ai.
CYMMa pHa5I npoH3Bo)].HTeJIbHOCTb Bcex CKBa:tKHH Ha Bo)].03a60pe N! 2
«MapKoBIijJ1Ha» COCTaBJIHeT 17 TbIC. Ai 3 /CYTKU.
Bo)].03a60p
Q 3 «BHTb6a» pacnOJIO:tKeH Ha CKJIOHe JIeBOrO KopeHHoro
6epera p. BHTb6bI. PaCCT05IHH5I Me:tK)].y CKBa:tKHHaMH, y)].aJIeHHbIMH OT
p. BHTb6bI Ha paCCT05IHHe 50-250 Ai, KOJIe6mOTC5I OT 175)].0340 Ai. Lle6HTbI
CKBa:tKHH H3MeH5IIOTC5I B npe)].eJIax OT 50 )].0 210 Ai 3 /'lac. B CKBa:tKHHe C )].e-
6HTOM 210 Ai 3 /'lac nOHH:tKeHHe COCTaBJI5IeT 2,69 Ai. LlHHaMH4ecKHH ypoBeHb
B HeH HaXO)].HTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe 4,24 Ai, a BoccTaHoBHBIlHIHC5I ypoBeHb npH
pa60Te )].PYfHX CKBa:tKHH - Ha rJIy6HHe 1,55 Ai OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH.
CYMMapHbIH )].e6HT 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHbIX CKBa:tKHH Ha Bo)].03a60pe
Q 3
«BHTb6a» paBeH 10 TbIC. Ai 3 /CYTKU.
06ru:a5I npoH3Bo)].HTeJIbHOCTb Tpex rpynnoBblx BO,lI,03a60poB COCTaB-
JI5IeT 43 TbIC. Ai 3 jCYTKU. Bce 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHble CKBa:tKHHbI Ha rpynnoBblx
Bo)].03a60pax 5IBJI5IIOTC5I 6ecqJHJIbTpOBbIMH, cpe)].HHH )].e6HT HX B YCJIOBH5IX
B3aHMo)].eHcTBH5I COCTaBJI5IeT 101 Ai 3 /'lac npH nOHH:tKeHH5IX ypOBH5I 1,5-
10,5 Ai. Cpe)].H5I5I BeJIH4HHa nOHH:tKeHH5I COCTaBJI5IeT nOp5I)].Ka 4,3-5,4 Ai.
Y4HTbIBa5I BeJIH4HHY Hanopa, H3MeHHIOru:YIOC5I OT 24,0)].0 74,0 Ai,
cpe)].HIOIO MOru:HOCTb Tperu:HHoBaTblx H KaBepH03HbIX H3BeCTH5IKOB H ,lI,OJIO-
MHTOB nOp5I)].Ka 43,0 Ai, TeCHYIO fH)].paBJIH4ecKYIO CB5I3b <ppaHcKoro BO)].O-
HOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa C npecHbIMH Bo)].aMH 4eTBepTH4HbIX OTJIO:tKeHHH H peKa-
MH 3an. LlBHHOH, BHTb60H H JIY4ecoH, a TaK:tKe C HH:tKeJIe:tKaru:HM IllBeH-
TOHcKo-TapTycKHM BO)].OHOCHbIM KOMnJIeKCOM, npoH3Bo)].HTeJIbHOCTb Ka:tK)].oH
)].eHcTBYIOru:eH 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHoH CKBa:tKHHbI Ha rpynnoBblx Bo)].03a60pax
MO:tKeT 6bITb YBeJ1H'1eH3 nYTeM YBeJ1ll'1eHHH npliMepHo B )J.Ba-Tpli pa3a no-
HH:tKeHH5I ypOBH5I BO)].bI. Lle6HT Ka:tK)].oH CKBa:tKHHbI npH 3TOM COCTaBHT
OKOJIO 130 Ai 3 /'lac.
KpoMe Toro, reOJIOro-fI;!JJ.poreOJIOrH4eCKHe H caHHTapHble YCJIOBH5I Ha
yqaCTKaX Bo)].03a60pa
Q 1 «TIecKoBaTHK» H
Q 3 «BHTb6a» 5IBJI5IIOTC5I 6JIa-
rOnpH5ITHbIMH )].JI5I 3aJIO:tKeHH5I )].onOJIHHTeJIbHOrO KOJIH4eCTBa 3KCnJIyaTa-
l\HOHHbIX CKBa:tKHH B cpe)].HeM 4epe3 300,0 Ai ,lI,pyr OT )].pyra H, CJIe)].OBa-
TeJIbHO, pacIllHpeHH5I 3TH X BO)].03a60pOB no nJIoru:a)].H. BO,lI,03a60p
Q 2
«MapKoBru:HHa», H3-3a Hey)].oBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHbIX caHHTapHbIx YCJIOBHH, He
MO:tKeT 6bITb paCIllHpeH no nJIoru:a)].H.
Ha Y4aCTKe BO)].03a60pa
Q 1 «TIecKoBaTHK» )].onOJIHHTeJIbHbIe 3KCnJIya-
TaUHOHHbIe CKBa:tKHHbI MorYT 6bITb 3aJIOLKeHbI no JIHHHH BLLOJIb JIeBOrO
6epera 3an. LlBHHbI B ceBepo-3ana)].HoM HanpaBJIeHHH. ITpH YCJIOBHH YBe-
JIH4eHH5I nOHH:tKeHH5I B )].eHcTBYIOru:HX 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHbIX CKBa:tKHHaX 11
paCI111IpeHlI5I no nJIoru:a)].H BO,lI,03a60p a
Q 1 «TIecKoBaTHK» 06ru:aH npoH3Bo-
,lI,HTeJIbHOCTb ero MO:tKeT 6bITb )].OBe)].eHa ,lI,0 70 TbIC. Ai 3 /CYTKU. LlJI5I oT60pa
TaKoro KOJIH4eCTBa nO)].3eMHbIX BO)]. Ha Bo)].03a60pe «TIecKoBaTHK» He06xo-
,lI,HMO )].onOJIHHTeJIbHO np06ypHTb opHeHTHpoB04HO 17 pa3Be)].04Ho-3KCnJIya-
TaUHOHHbIX CKBa:tKHH.
Pa3BHTHe Bo)].03a60pa
Q 3 «BHTb6a» B03MO:tKHO B BOCT04HOM HanpaB-
JIeHHH, B)].OJIb )].OJIHHbi p. BHTb6bI. 06ru:a5I npoH3Bo)].HTeJIbHOCTb ero MO:tKeT
6bITb ,lI,OBe)].eHa )].0 30 TbIC. Ai 3 /CYTKU. TaKoH oT60p BO,lI,bI B03MO:tKeH npH
YCJIOBHH )].onOJIHHT€JIbHOrO 3aJIO:tKeHHH 3,lI,eCb opHeHTHpoB04HO IlleCTH-ceMH
3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHbIX CKBa:tKHH.
17 3aK. 04368




258 CYIlJ,ECTIB. H B03MO)KH. HCnOJJb30B. nO,Q3EMH. BO,Q ,QJJ5I L(EJJEF1 BO,n:OCHAB.


JJ.JI5I Y,lLOBJIeTBOpeHIIH nOTpe6HocTR r. BRTe6cKa B X03HHcTBeHHo-
nHTbeBOH: BO,Qe B nepcneKTHBe B KOJIH'leCTBe 150 TbIC. .M 3 /CYTXU, KpoMe pac-
IlIHpeHHH ,lLeH:CTBYlOUJ,HX BO,lL03a60poB ,N'g 1 H ,N'g 3, nOTpe6yeTcH 3aJIOJKHTb,
HOBbIH BO,lL03a60p npOH3BO,lLHTeJIbHOCTblO 33,0 TbIC. .M 3 /eYTfcu.
no reo.'Ioro-nmporeOJIOrR'leCKHM YCJIOBHHM ,lLJIH pa3MeUJ,eHHfI HOBoro
BO,lL03a60pa HaR60JIee 6JIarOnpHflTHbIM HBJIHeTCH Y'laCTOK, pacnoJ10JKeHHbIH:
B 4,5 t\..M K lOry OT r. BHTe6cKa, B,lLOJIb JIeBOrO 6epera p. JIY'lecbJ. JJ.JIH
nOJIY'leHRH 33 TbIC. M 3 /eYTt\.u H3 <ppaHcKoro BO,lLOHOCHOro KOMnJIeKCa nOTpe-
6yeTcfI np06ypHTb opHeHTHpOB01JHO 10-11 3KCnJIyaTalJ,HoHHblX CKBaJKRH
rJIy6HHoH B cpe,lLHeM 90 M Ha paccToHHHH 300 M ,lLpyr OT ,lLpyra.
PacnOJIOJKeHRe )].eHcTBYlOUJ,HX H npe)].nOJIaraeMOro HOBoro Bo)].03a60pa
B npHpe'lHOH 30He C03,lLaeT BeCbMa 6JIarOnpHflTHwe YCJIOBHfI ,lLJIfI nHTaHHfI
HX Bc)].aMH peK 3an. JJ.BRHbI R BHTb6bI.
npH y)].aJIeHHH BO,lL03a60pa OT peKH Ha paccToflHRe 200 M JIHHeHHbIR
MO,lLYJIb COCTaBJIfleT 89,6 A/eet\., T. e. K BO,Q03a60pHblM coopYJKeHH5IM, pac-
nOJIOJKeHHbIM B)].OJIb 6epera peKIl B JIHHHlO npOTHJKeHHOCTblO B 1 KM, H3
peKR npHTeKaeT 7742 M3/eYTKu. K03<p<pHILHeHT <pHJIbTpaIl,HH TpeUJ,HHoBaTbIx
H3BeCTHflKOB H ,lLOJIOMHTOB <ppaHcKoro Hpyca, no ,lLaHHbIM 3KCnJIyaTauRoH-
HbIX OTKa'leK paBeH 22 M/CYTKU, nOHHJKeHHe ypOBHfI BO,QbI B CKBaJKRHaX,
OTCQHTblBaeMoe OT a6COJIlOTHOH OTMeTKH ype3a BO)].bI B peKe - 4 M, Cpe,lLHHH
MOUJ,HOCTb BO)].OBMeUJ,alOUJ,HX H3BeCTHflKOB H )].OJIOMRTOB - 43,6 M, paCCT05I-
HHe MeJK,lLY CKBaJKHHaMH - 300 M H pa)].HYc CKBaJKHHbI - 0,1 M. CJIe)].oBa-
TeJIbHO, npR npoeKTHoH npoH3Bo)].HTeJIbHOCTH O,lLHOH 3KCnJIyaTauHoHHoH
CKBaJKHHbI B 3120 M 3 /CYTXU BOCnOJIHeHHe 3KCnJIyaTauHoHHbIX 3anaCOB no,lL-
3eMHblX BO)]. Ha rpynnoBblx Bo)].03a60pax 6y)].eT nO'lTH nOJIHOCTblO npoHc-
XO)].RTb 3a C'leT HHcpHJIbTpaIl,HH pe'lHbIX BO,lL.
TaKHM 06pa30M, X03HH:CTBeHHo-nHTbeBoe BO,lLOCHa6JKeHRe r. BHTe6cKa
B HaCTOHUJ,ee BpeMH H B nepcneKTHBe MOJKeT 6bITb o6eCne'leHO 3a CqeT
3KCnJIyaTauHH <ppaHcKoro BO)].OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa nYTeM )].aJIbHeihllen
3KCnJIyaTauHH ,lLei1cTBYlOIlI,HX rpynnoBbIx BO,lL03a60poB, paclimpeHRH BO)].O-
3a60poB ,N'g 1 H ,N'g 3, a TaKJKe cTpOHTeJIbCTBa O,lLHOro HOBoro BO,lL03a60pa.
COB P e M e H Hoe B 0 )]. 0 C H a 6 JK e H Her. B 0 JI K 0 B bI C K a oCYIlI,e-
CTBJI5!eTCH 3a C'leT nO,lL3eMHblX BO,lL. B paHOHe r. BOJIKOBbICKa umpOKO pa3-
BHTbl Me30-KaHH030i1cKHe OTJIOJKeHH5I MOIlI,HOCTblO 60JIee 200.M, 3aKJIlO-
Q8lOUJ,He B ce6e 3Ha'lHTeJIbHble 3KCnJIyaTauHoHHble 3anaCbI npecHbIx no)].-
3e1\iHbIX BO,lL.
K cOBpeMeHHblM aJIJIlOBHaJIbHblM OTJIOJKeHH5IM MOIlI,HOCTblO ,lL0 10 M
H Ha)].,MopeHHbIM BO)].HOJIe)].HRKOBbIM neCKaM MOIlI,HOCTblO )].0 5 oM npHYpo-
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CeBepHbIH, IO)KHbIH) COCTaBJI5IeT 1,5-3 KM.
U,eHTpaJIbHbIH BO)J.o3a6op pacrrOJIO)KeH B BOCTOIJHOH qaCTH ropO)J.a, Ha
rrpaBo6epe)KHOH rroHMe p. CO)Ka. Lle6HT 3KCrrJIyaTalJ,HOHHbIX CKBa)KHH H3-
T a 6 JI IT l\ a 59
OCHOBHbIe Jl,aHHble no )l.eHcTBylOUJ.HM B r. rOMeJIe rpynnoBbIM BO)l.03a60paM


PaCCTOHHHe Me}fOlY Cpe.lmee pac-
HpeMH RBOlla 11.1HHa CKBa}f{HHa
1H, At
BOll03a60pa BO.II033- CTQHHHe QT
HaHMeHOBaHHe B01103a60pOB B 9KCnJIyaTa- 60pa, ! B0110 3a 60pa
UHIO At 110 p. Co",a,
OT 110 At
LJ.eHrpaJIbHbIH 1894 r. 1246,0 7,0 360,0 20,0-60,0
CeBepHbIll 1934 r. 1624,0 20,0 567,0 1000,0
lO)J{HbIH 1963 r. 1240,0 590,0 650,0 500,0
HOBo-BeJII1l\K!JH 1936 r. 201,0 2,0 184,0 200,0




262 CYIIJ;ECTiB. H B03MO/KH. HCnOJJb30B. nO,lJ,3BMH. BO)]. ,lJ,JJ5I
EJJEn BOiD:OCHA5.


MeHHeTCH OT 65 /1.0 110 M 3 /'I.aC npH nOHH)j(eHHH ypOBHH BO)].bI COOTBeTCT-
BeHHO Ha 3 H 13 .M. J1.HHaMHllecKHe YPOBHH B Ha6JI1o,lI,aTeJIbHbIX 3KCnJIyaTa-
lI.HOHHbIX CKBa)j(HHax HaXO)].HTCH Ha rJIy6HHax 12,3-23 .M, a BOCCTaHOBHB-
nmeCH ypOBHH Ha rJIy6HHax OT 2,3 ,lI,0 14,5 M.
06llI.aH npOH3BO,lI,HTeJIbHOCTb U,eHTpaJIbHoro Bo)].o3a6opa COCTaBJIHeT
19,4 TbIC. .M 3 jCYTKU. yI3 ceHOMaHCKoro BO,lI,OHOCHOro ropH30HTa oT6HpaeTcH
12,4 TbIC. .M 3 /CYTKU H H3 ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO,lI,OHOCHOro ropH30HTa-
7 TbIC. .M 3 jCYTKU.
CeBepHbIH BO,lI,03a6op pacnOJIO)KeH B ceBepo-BocTOliHOH lIaCTH ropo.ll.a
B paHoHe YJIHlI. [10,lI,rOpHOH H ABHall.HOHHOll, Ha npaBo6epe)j(Holl Ha,lI,IlOll-
MeHHoH Teppace p. CO)j(a. OH COCTOHT H3 nHTH CKBa)j(HH, pacnOJIo)j(eHHblx
B JIHHHIO. J1.e6HT HX COCTaBJIHeT OT 40 ,lI,O 110 M 3 jl.{ac npH nOHH)j(eHHH
ypOBHH COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 5,2 H 11,7 .M. J1.HHaMHlIecKHe ypOBHH HaXO,lI,HTCH
Ha rJIy6HHax OT 22,5 ,lI,0 35,4 .M. [1pH BbIKJIlOlIeHHOM Hacoce ypoBeHb BO)].bI
B 3KCllJIyaTall.HOHHOH CKBa)j(HHe npH pa60Te OCTaJIbHbIX BO,lI,03a60pHbIx
CKBa)j(HH YCTaHaBJ1HBaeTC5I Ha rJ1y6HHax 14,3-21,9 M.
06llI.aH npoH3Bo)].HTeJIbHOCTb CeBepHoro BO,lI,03a6opa COCTaBJIHeT
11,1 TbIC. .M 3 JCYTKU. yI3 ceHOMaHCKoro BO,lI,OHOCHOro ropH30HTa oT6HpaeTcH
-8,8 TbIC. .M 3 jCYTKU, H3 ceHoH-TypOHcKoro BO,lI,OHOCHoro ropH30HTa-
2,3 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU.
IO)j(HbIH Bo)].03a60p HaXO)J,HTCH B IO)j(HOll lIaCTH ropo,lI,a.: B paHoHe
YJIHlI. JIeBaHeBcKoro H 3HreJIbCa, Ha npaBo6epe)j(Holl Ha)J,noHMeHHoll Tep-
pace p. CO)j(a. OH COCTOHT H3 Tpex CKBa)j(HH, paCllOJIo)j(eHHblx B JIHHHIO.
,lJ,e6HT IlX COCTaBJIHeT OT 22 ,lI,0 41 M 3 (t.{ac npH nOHH)j(eHHH ypOBHH COOTBeT-
CTBeHHO Ha 7 H 12 M. .LLHHaMHlIecKHe ypOBHH B CKBa)KHHaX OTMelleHbI Ha
TJIy6HHax OT 18 .lI.O 32 .M, BOCCTaHOBHBlimeCH ypOBHH B OTKJIlOlIeHHblX CKBa-
)KHHaX npH pa60Te ,lI,PYrHX Bo)].o3a60pHbIX CKBa)j(HH HaXO,lI,HTCH Ha rJIy6H-
Hax 6-20 M OT nOBepXHOCTlI 3eMJIH. CYMMapHbIH ,lI,e6HT CKBa)j(HH IO)j(-
Horo BO)J,03a60pa COCTaBJ1HeT 6 TbIC. M 3 JCYTKU. yI3 HHX 4,1 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU
oT6HpaeTcH H3 ceHoMaHCKoro BO)].OHOCHoro ropH30HTa H 1,9 TbIC. .M 3 /CYTKU-
H3 ceHoH-TYPoHcKoro BO,lI,OHOCHoro ropH30HTa.
HOBo- BeJIHlI.KHH BO,lI,03a6op pacnOJIo)j(eH B IOro-BOCTOllHOH lIaCTH
fopo,lI,a, Ha J1eB06epe)KHOH nOHMe p. CO)j(a. OH COCTOHT H3 lIeTblpex CKBa-
)j(HH. ,lJ,e6HT HX COCTaBJIHeT 40-92 .M 3 /t.{ac npH nOHH)j(eHHH ypOBHH COoT-
BeTCTBeHHO Ha 2,8 H 17 .M. J1.HHaMHlIecKHe ypOBHH B CKBa)KHHaX, 3KCnJIya-
THPYIOllI.HX ceHoMaHcKHll BO)J,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT, HaXO,lI,HTCH Ha rJIy6HHax .lI.O
20 .M npH llOHH)j(eHHH 2,3 .M, a B CKBa)j(HHax, 3KCnJIyaTHpYIOllI.HX HeoreH-
naJIeOreHOBbIH BO,lI,OHOCHbIll KOMnJIeKC, )J,O 18,7 M llPH nOHH)j(eHHH 11,1 M.
CYMMapHaH npoH3BO,lI,HTeJIbHOCTb HOBo6eJIHlI.Koro BO,lI,03a60pa COCTaB-
.1IHeT 6,2 TbIC. .M 3 /CYTKU. OT60p BO,lI,bI H3 HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBoro BO,lI,OHOC-
Horo KOMnJ1eKCa paBeH 1 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU, ceHoH-TypoHcKoro BO,lI,OHOCHoro
ropH30HTa - 1 TbIC. .M 3 jCYTKU H ceHOMaHCKoro BO)].OHOCHoro ropH30HTa-
'2,2 TbIC. .M 3 jCYTKU. COBMecTHo H3 ceHoH-TypOHcKoro H ceHOMaHCKoro BO,lI,O-
HOCHbIX ropH30HTOB oT6HpaeTcH 2 TbIC. .M 3 JCYTKU.
06llI.HH oT60p llO,lI,3eMHbIX BO,lI, B KOJIHlIeCTBe 73,5 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU B Ha-
'CTOHllI.ee BpeMH HBJIHeTCH )].aJIeKO He )].OCTaTOllHbIM ,lI,JIH nOJIHOrO Y)].OBJIeT-
BopeHHH r. rOMeJIH B nHTbeBOH BO,lI,e. [103TOMY YnpaBJIeHHeM reOJIOrHH npH
CM BCCP B 1962-1963 rr. npOBe,lI,eHbI rH)].poreOJIOrHlIeCKHe HCCJIe,lI,OBa-
HHH C lI.eJIblO 060cHoBaHHH B03MO)j(HOCTH Y,lI,oBJIeTBOpeHHH nOTpe6HocTa
r. rOMeJIH B X03HHcTBeHHO-nHTbeBOH Bo)].e B KOJIHlIeCTBe 150 TbIC. .M 3 jCYTKU.
P a3Be,lI,OllHbIMH rH,lI,poreOJIOrHlIeCKHMH pa60TaMH YCTaHOBJIeHO, liTO Ha IOro-
BOCTOllHOll OKpaHHe HOBO-BeJIHlI.bI, Ha JIeBo6epe)j(HOH Teppace p. CO)j(a,
MO)j(eT 6bITb coopY)j(eH KopeHeBcKHH BO,lI,03a60p npOH3BO,lI,HTeJIbHOCTblO
B 23,1 TbIC. .M 3 / CYTKU, 3KCllJIyaTHpYIOllI.HH HeoreH -naJIeOreHOBbIH H ceHOMaH-
CKHH BO,lI,OHOCHble ropH30HTbI. KpoMe Toro, B pe3YJIbTaTe aHaJIH3a reOJIoro-
TH,lI,poreOJIOrHlIeCKHx YCJIOBHH H ,lI,aHHbIX no 3KCnJIyaTall.HH rpynlloBbIx




CYill,ECl1B. H B03MO)l(H. HCnOJIb30B. nO)].3EMH. BO)]. )].Jl5I ,IJ,EJIErI BO)].OOHA5. 263


BO)].03a60pOB, a TaK>Ke MHOrOlIIfCJIeHHbIX 3KCnJIyaTaIJ,IfOHHbIX CKBa:tKlfH
B nplIJIeralOIIJ,IfX K ropo)].y CeJIbCKIfX HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHKTax, K lOry If ceBepy
-aT r. rOMeJI5I B pa)].Ifyce Jl,O 10,0-15 KM BbI)].eJIeHbI nepcneKTlfBHbIe )].JI5I
CTpOllTeJIbCTBa Bo)].03a60poB YlIaCTKIf, npIfMbIKalOIIJ,Ife K p. CO:tKY. Ha 3TIfX
YlIaCTKaX OCHOBHbIMIf )].JI5I 3KCnJIyaTaIJ,HH 5IBJI5IIOTC5I HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBbIH If
ceHoH-TYPOHCKIfll BO)J.OHOCHbIe ropIf30HTbI. rI pIflIeM ceHoH-TYPOHCKIfll BO)].O-
HOCHbIll ropIf30HT 5IBJI5IeTC5I nepcneKTIfBHbIM )].JI5I cTpOIfTeJIbCTBa Bo)].03a60-
pOB B npe)].eJIax )].peBHH:X If cOBpeMeHHbIx )].OJIIfH peK CO:tKa If HnYTlI, r)].e
'TpeIIJ,IfHOBaTOCTb If COOTBeTCTBeHHO Bo)].006IfJIbHOCTb BO)].OBMeIIJ,alOIIJ,IfX no-
po)J., KaK npaBIfJIO, HaIf60JIee BbICOKa5I.
CBe)].eHIf5I 06 YTBep:tK)].eHHbIx rK3 3KCnJIyaTaIJ,IfOHHbIX 3anaCOB no)].-
.3eMHbIX BO)]. nplIBe)].eHbI HH:tKe B Ta6JI. 60.


Ta6JJHl\a 60
3KCnJIyaTaL\HoHHble 3anaCbI nO)l.3eMHbIX BO)l., YTBep)K)l.eHHbIe rK3,
no HeoreH-naJIeOreHoBoMy, ceHoH-TYPOHcKoMy H ceHoMaHcKoMY
BO)l.OHOCHbiM ropH30HTaM B paHoHe r. rOMeJIII
(no COCTOIIHHIO Ha 1/IV 1963 r.)


Ha1iM
HOBaHH

yqaCTKOB BOAo3a6opoB


Ba
aHCOBwe 9KcnnyaT3uHoHHwe
3anaCb[ nO.!I3eMHbIX BO.II,
TbIC. M 3 /cymlCu


KaTeropHH 3anaCOB


A B C,
UeHTpaJIbHbJH 18,0 5,4
CeBepHbIH 10,0 3,0
IO)KHbIll 6,0 1,6
HOBO-BeJIHl\KHll 6,5
OllHHOlJHbIe CKBa}KHHb! rrpo- 24,8
MbIIllJIeHHbIX npellnprrslTHll
KopeHeBcKHH (BHOBb pa3Be- 16,7 6,4
.Il3 H Hblll)
KOCTIOKOBCKIJll (nepcneKTHB- 47,0
HbIll)
Ba60BHlJCKHH (nepcrreKTHB- 44,0
HbIll)
I1Toro 57,2 16,4 115,0
Bcero 189,4


BepXHe-cpe)].HelOpCKIfll BO)].OHOCHbIll KOMnJIeKC He 5IBJI5IeTC5I nepcneK-
"TIfBHbIM )].JI5I BO)J.OCHa6:tKeHH5I r. rOMeJI5I, TaK KaK BO)].OBMeIIJ,alOIIJ,Ife nop0)]. bI
3aJIeraIDT Ha 3HalIHTeJIbHOll rJIy6HHe, )].ocTIfralOIIJ,ell 252 M, If xapaKTeplf-
3YIOTC5I He3HalIIfTeJIbHOll Bo)].006IfJIbHOCTblD. B npoIJ,ecce npoIf3Bo)].cTBa
'OIIbITHOll OTKalIKH H3 CKBa:tKHHbl, np06ypeHHoll B 1962 r. Ha CeBepHoM
Bo)].03a60pe r. rOMeJI5I H 060Py)].oBaHHoll cenaTbIM <pIfJIbTpOM )].IfaMeTpoM
108 MM npH )J.JIIfHe pa601Iell lIaCTH ero 3,75 M B IfHTepBaJIe MeJIK03epHIf-
CTblX BO)J.OHOCIfbIX neCKOB IIOJIYlIeH )J.e6IfT 18,3 M 3 /'laC npH nOHH:tKeHIfIf
ypOBH5I Ha 23,37 M. KalIeCTBO npecHbIx rH)J.poKap60HaTHO-XJIOpIf)].Ho-HaT-
pHeB
x BO)]. 3Toro BO)J.OHOCHoro ropIf30HTa y)].oBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHoe: CYXOH
OCTaTOK 494 Me/A., 06li.I,a5I :tKeCTKOCTb 2,26 Me. 3K8 If cO)J.ep:tKaHHe :tKeJIe3a
'0,32 Me/A..
rIo YTOlIHeHHbIM B 1964 r. B IfHcTHTYTe 5eJIrOCnpOeKT )J.aHHbIM nOTpe6-
HOCTb r. rOMeJI5I B X035IllCTBeHHo-nIfTbeBoll Bo)].e Ha 1980 r. COCTaBJI5IeT
211 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU. OT60p TaKoro KOJIIflIeCTBa BO)].bI If3 HeoreH-naJIeOreHO-
.Boro, ceHoH-TYPoHcKoro H ceHOMaHCKoro BO)].OHOCHbIX ropIf30HTOB B03MO-
JKeH nYTeM cTpOHTeJIbCTBa Bo)].03a60poB B pa)].Ifyce )].0 10-15 KM OT




264 CYllJ,ECTIB. H B03MO:>l<H. HCnOJIb30B. nO;J,3EMH. BO)]. )].JI5I lJ,EJIEA BOjQOCHAB.


r. fOMeJI5I C TaKH.M paCqeTOM, qT06bI 3KcrrJIyaTaU:H.OHHble CKBa)KlfHbI Haxo-
)].H.JIH.Cb Ha paCCT05IHH.H. HeCKOJIbKH.X COTeH MeTpoB OT peK CO)Ka H. I1rrYTH..
fop 0)]. fop K H. pacrrOJIO)KeH B BeCbMa 6JIarOrrplf5ITHbIX YCJIOBlf5IX
)].JI5I OpraHH.3aU:lfH. Bo)].ocHa6)KeHlf5I ero 3a CIleT KaqeCTBeHHblX rrO)].3eMHbIX
BO)].. B paI10He r. fOpKH. rrOBceMeCTHO pa3BH.TbI BO)].OHOCHble IleTBepTlfIlHble
(Bo)].HOJIe)].HlfKoBble, MopeHHble H. aJIJIIOBH.aJIbHble) OTJIO)KeHH.5I MOUJ,HOCTbIO
)].0 50 .M..
qeTBepTlfIlHble OTJIO)KeHlf5I rrO)].CTlfJIaIOTC5I Kap60HaTH0I1 TOJIUJ,eI1 <ppaH-
CKoro 5IPyca BepxHero )].eBOHa. B CH.JIbHOTpeUJ,H.HOBaT
x H.3BeCTH5IKaX If )J.O-
JIOMH.TaX MOUJ,HOCTbIO 30-40 M, cO,lJ,ep)KaTC5I HarropHble rrpecHble, rH.)].po-
Kap60HaTHO-KaJIbU:lfeBble BO)].bI. TpeUJ,H.HOBaTble H.3BeCTH5IKlf H. )].OJIOMH.TbI
06JIa)].aIOT BbICOKOI1 Bo)].006lfJIbHOCTbIO. TIpH. OTKaIlKe 113 CKBa)KH.HbI rrOJIY-
IleHbI )].e6lfTbI )].0 18 .M. 3 /ttac rrpH. rrOHlf)KeHlfH. ypOBH5I Ha 0,86 M. B 3aBlfCH.-
MOCTI1 OT xapaKTepa peJIbe<pa rrbe30MeTpH.IleCKHe ypOBHlf B CKBa)KlfHaX
YCTaHaBJIlfBaIOTC5I BbIlIle rroBepXHOCTH. 3eMJIH. lfJIlf HaXO)].5ITC5I Ha rJIy6H.H3X
)].0 12,0 M HH.)Ke H.X YCTb5I.
<PpaHCKH.H BO)].OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC rrO)].CTH.J1aeTC5I rreCKaMH. If aJIeBpOJIH.-
TaMH. cpe)].Hero If BepxHero ,lJ,eBOHa MOUJ,HOCTbIO OK0J10 200 M. K TOHKO-,
MeJIKO- H cpe)].He3epHlfcTbIM rreCKaM rrpHypoIleHbI rrpecHble, rlf)].poKap60HaT-
HO-KaJIbU:H.eBble BO)].bI, rrplfro)].Hble )].JI5I rrH.Tb5I.
B Hlf)KeJIe)KaUJ,H.X )].eBOHCKH.X, Hlf)KHeKeM6pH.I1CKH.X H. BepxHerrpoTepo-
30HCKlfX OTJIO)KeHlf5IX co)].ep)KaTC5I COJIeHble BO)].bI H. paCCOJIbI.
B HaCT05IUJ,ee BpeMH B ropo)].cKOH Bo)].orrpoBo)]. rro)].aeTC5I rrO)].3eMHa5I
Bo)].a B KOJIHIleCTBe 1 TbIC. M 3 /CYT1\.U lf3 )].BYX CKBa)KHH, pacrrOJIO)KeHHbIX
H3 YJIlfIJ,e 40 JIeT OKT5I6p5I H. Ha TeppH.TOpH.H. CeJIbX03aKa)].eMlfH.. KpoMe
TOro, Ha TepplfTOpH.H. r. fOpKlf H.MeeTC5I OK0J10 10 9KCrrJIyaTaU:H.OHHbIX CKBa-
)KH.H OT)].eJ1bHbIX rrpe)].rrplf5ITlfH. CYMMapHa5I rrpolf3Bo)].H.TeJ1bHOCTb Bcex
9KCrrJIyaTaU:lfoHHbIX CKBa)KH.H Ha TeppHTOpH.H. ropo)].a COCTaBJI5IeT OK0J10
3 TbIC. M 3 jCYTK.U.
ho KOJIIlIleCTBO B 0)]. bI oT6lfpaeTC5I H3 <ppaHcKoro BO)].OHOC-
Horo KOMrrJIeKca. 3KClIJlyaTaU:lfoHHble CKB3)KlfHbI 060py)].oBaHbI He)].OCTa-
TOIlHO MOlIl,HbIMlf HacocaMH If n09ToMY )].e6lfTbI lfX BeCbMa HH.3Klfe. B rrpo-
u:ecce 9KCrrJ1y3TaU:H.lf CKBa)KH.H rrOHlf)KeHlf5I COCTaBJI5IIOT Bcero JIH.Illb 0,32-.
4,02 M. B )].aHHbIX YCJIOBH.HX lfMeeTCH B03MO)KHOCTb YBeJIH.IlHTb oT60p rro)].-
3eMHbIX BO)]. rro TeM CKBa)KlfHaM, KOHCTPYKU:lflf KOTOpbIX n03BOJI5IIOT onyc-
THTb )].OCTaTOqHO MOlIl,Hble HaCOCbI Ha 60JIblIlYIO rJIy6H.HY.
TIepcneKTlfBHa5I rroTpe6HocTb r. fOpKlf B X035IHCTBeHHo-rrlfTbeB0I1 Bo)].e
B 15 TbIC. M 3 /CYTK.U MO)KeT 6bITb nOJ1HOCTbIO y)].OBJ1eTBOpeH3 33 CIleT nO)].3eM-
HbIX BO)]. <ppaHCKoro BO)].OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKca.
TIo re0J10rO-flf)].pore0J10rHIleCKHM If caHlfTapHbIM YCJ10Blf5IM Half60JIee
6JIarOnpH.5ITHbIM )].JI5I CTpOlfTeJIbCTBa BO)].03a60pa 5IBJI5IeTC5I YIlaCTOK, pac-
rrOJIO)KeHHbIH B 1,5-2,0 K.M K 3arra)].y OT r. fOpKH., B)].OJIb )].OJIlfHbI p. TIPOHH..
fIpH. cpe)].HeM )].e6lfTe CKBa)KlfH 80 M3/ttac nOTpe6Hoe KOJIH.IleCTBO BO)].bI
B 15 TbIC. M 3 jCYTK.U MO)KeT 6bITb nOJIyqeHa rrYTeM 9KCnJIyaTaU:H.lf ceMH-
BOCbMH CKBa)KlfH, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIX B)].OJIb )].OJ1lfHbI p. TIpOHlf Ha paCCT05I-
HlfH 300 M )].pyr OT )].pyra.
X035IHCTBeHHO-nH.TbeBOe Bo)].ocHa6)KeHH.e r. fpO)].HO
6a3lfpyeTC5I Ha H.Cn0J1b30BaHlflf rroBepxHocTHbIX BO)]. p. HeM aHa.
B paHOHe r. fpO)].HO lIlH.pOKO pacrrpocTpaHeHbI IleTBepTHIlHble H )].OqeT-
BepTlfIlHble OTJIO)KeHH5I MOUJ,HOCTbIO )].0 310-314 M.
TOJIUJ,a IleTBepTH.IlHbIX OTJ10)KeHlfH rrpe)].cTaBJIeHa cOBpeMeHHbIMI1 H
)].peBHlfMlf aJIJIIOBlfaJIbHbIMlf rrecKaMlf, a TaK)Ke BO)].HOJIe)].HlfKOBbIMH. rreCKa-
MH., MopeHHbIMlf cyneC5IMH. H. cyrJ1lfHKaMH. MOCKOBCKoro, )].HenpoBcKoro H
6epe3HHcKoro OJ1e)].eHeHH.H. MOUJ,HOCTb qeTBepTH.IlHbIX OTJIO)KeHlfH KOJIe6-
JIeTCH B npe)].eJIax OT 95,5 )].0 242 M. OCHOBHYIO IlaCTb pa3pe3a COCTaBJI5IIOT
MopeHHble cyrrecH. If CYrJIHHKlf, K neCqaHbIM JIlfH3aM H. npOCJ105IM KOTOpbIX
nplfypoIleHbI nO)].3eMHble BO)].bI. BO)].HOJIe)].HlfKoBble OTJIO)KeHlf5I H.MeIOT He-




CYllJ,ECl1B. H B03MO){VH. HCn0J1b30B. nOJJ,3BMH.BOJJ, JJ,JI5I l.I,EJIErI BOJJ,OCHAI3. 265


3Ha'HITeJIbHYIO MOilI,HOCTb II 'I3CTO BblKJIIIHIIBaIOTC5I no npocTIIpaHIIIO.
DOJJ,3eMHble BO,lI,bl, npIIypO'IeHHble K BO,lI,HOJIe,lI,HIIKoBblM necK3M, npecHble II
OTHOC5ITC5I K fHJJ,pOK3p60H3THO-K3JIbIJ:IIeBoMY TIIny. BO,lI,006IIJIbHOCTb BO,lI,O-
BMeilI,31OilI,IIX MeJIKO- II TOHK03epHIIcTblX neCKOB BeCbM3 He3H3'IIITeJIbH35I.
HmKe 33JIeralOT n3JIeOreHOBble cJI360BO,lI,006IIJIbHble MeJIK03epHIIcTble
neCKII H np3KTII'IeCKII BO,lI,oynopHble rJIIIHbl MOilI,HOCTblO JJ,O 20,5 .M.
Do,lI, 'IeTBepTII'IHblMII II n3JIeOreHOBblMII neC'I3HO-rJIIIHIICTblMII nopo,lI,3-
MII 33JIer31OT ceHoH-TypoHcKIIe II ceHOM3HCKIIe OTJIO:tKeHII5I BepxHero MeJI3.
CeHoH -TypoHcKIIe OT JIO:tKeHII5I, npe,lI,CT3BJIeHHble MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBOH TOJI-
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OT 29,2 ,lI,0 50 .M, 33JIer31OilI,IIM H3 rJIy6IIHe OT 207 ,lI,0 272 .M, npIIypO'IeHbl
npecHble, m,lI,pOK3p60H3THO-K3JIbIJ:IIeBble BO,lI,bI. CYXOH OCT3TOK IIX ,lI,OCTII-
raeT 377,2 .Me/A., 06ilI,a5I :tKeCTKOCTb -,lI,0 6,7 .Me' 3KB, cO,lI,ep:tKaHIIe :tKeJIe-
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MeTpII'IeCKIIe ypOBHII B CKBa:tKIIH3X YCTaH3BJ1IIB3IOTC5I ,lI,0 17,5 .M HII:tKe IIX
YCTb5I. B nOHII:tKeHII5IX peJIbecpa nbe30MeTpII'IeCKIIH ypoBeHb OTMe'IeH H3
BblCOTe 0,1 .M OT nOBepxHocTII 3eMJIII. B npoIJ:ecc
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060pY,lI,OBaHHblx B OCHOBHOM CeT'IaTbIMII cpIIJIbTp3MH, nOJIY'IeHbl ,lI,e6HTbl OT
6,48 ,lI,0 39,96 .M 3 /t.{ac npII nOHII:tKeHIIII ypOBH5I BO,lI,bl COOTBeTCTBeHHO H3
17,5 II 25,1 .M. DpII 060PY,lI,OB3HIIII CKB3:tKIIH ,lI,pymM TIInOM cpIIJIbTp3
(Kep3MII'IeCKIIM, rpaBIIHHbIM, C03,lI,3HIIe BO,lI,OnpIIeMHoH BOpOHKII 6eccpIIJIbT-
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IIX MO:tKeT 6bITb 3H3'IIITeJIbHO YBeJIII'IeH.
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K3MII TpeilI,IIHoB3TblMII, CIIJIbHOKaBepH03HblMII, MOilI,HOCTb KOTOpblX COCT3B-
JI5IeT 26-30 .M. B IOpCKIIX II3BeCTH5IK3X, 33JIer31OilI,IIX H3 rJIy6IIHe OT
247,2 ,lI,0 276,55 .M, CO,lI,ep:tK3TC5I npecHble, rII,lI,pOKap60H3THO-K3JIbIJ:IIeBble
BO,lI,bI. B XIIMIIKo-63KTepIIOJIOm'IeCKOM OTHOllieHIIII OHII cooTBeTcTBYIOT Tpe-
60B3HII5IM, npe,lI,'b5IBJI5IeMblM K nIITbeBblM BO,lI,3M. I1CKJIIO'IeHIIe COCT3BJI5IeT
:tKeJIe30, cO,lI,ep:tKaHIIe KOToporo KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 0,02 ,lI,0 9,00 .Me/A.. BepxHe-
Cpe,lI,HelOpCKIIH BO,lI,OHOCHblH KOMnJIeKC HanopHblH. BeJIII'IIIHa H3nop3 co-
CT3BJI5IeT 259-302.M. Dbe30MeTpII'IeCKIIe ypOBHII B CKBa:tKIIH3X Ha Tep-
pace p. HeM aHa YCTaHaBJIIIBaIOTC5I H3 BblCOTe,lI,O 11,1 .M OT nOBepxHocTII
3eMJIII. KaBepH03Hble II TpeilI,IIHoB3Tble II3BeCTH5IKII x3p3KTepII3YIOTC5I Bbl-
COROH BO,lI,006IIJIbHOCTblO. B npoIJ:ecce OTKa'IKII II3 CKBa:tKIIHbl B ,lI,ep. 4eXOB-
ilI,II3H3 nOJIY'IeH ,lI,e6IIT 153,72,.M 3 ft.{ac npII nOHII:tKeHIIII ypOBH5I BO,lI,bl H3
33,97 .M. B OCHOBaHIIII .noro BO,lI,OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKC3 3aJIer31OT IOpcKIIe
rJIIIHbl C npOCJI05IMII neCKOB MOilI,HOCTblO ,lI,0 6,0 .M. IOpcKIIe OTJIO:tKeHII5I
nO,lI,CTIIJI3IOTC5I nopo,lI,aMII KpIICT3JIJIII'IeCKOrO cpYH,lI,3MeHT3.
H3JIII'IIIe B IOpCKIIX II3BeCTH5IKaX npecHblx nO,lI,3eMHblX BO,lI,
6blJIO YCT3HOBJIeHO B 1956-1957 rr. Ynp3BJIeHIIeM reOJIOrIIII
BCCP npII npoH3BoJJ,cTBe KOMnJIeKCHOH reoJIOm'IeCKOH
B M-6e 1 : 200 000.
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CKoro BO,lI,OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa, 3 T3K:tKe YCT3HOBJIeHII5I B03MO:tKHOCTII opr3-
HII33IJ:IIII X035IHCTBeHHo-nIITbeBoro BO,lI,OCH36:tKeHII5I r. rpO,lI,HO 33 C'IeT no,lI,-
3eMHblX BOJJ, reOJIOrO-rII,lI,pOreOJIOrII'IeCKOH 3KCne,lI,IIIJ:IIeH B 1959-1960 rr.
B 1,0 K.M K IOro-3an3,lI,y OT r. rpOJJ,HO 6blJIII np06ypeHbl TpII CKBa:tKIIHbl, II3
KOTOpblX npOII3Be,lI,eHbl OnbITHble OTK3'IKII. H3 OCHOB3HIIII ,lI,3HHblX 3TIIX
OTKa'IeK, IICnOJIb30BaHII5I pe3YJIbTaTOB OTKa'IeK II3 ,lI,pyrIIx O,lI,IIHO'IHbIX CKBa-
)KIIH, 3 T3K:tKe 3HaJIII33 cpOH,lI,OBblX M3TepII3JIOB B p3HOHe r. rpOJJ,HO npo-
II3Be,lI,eH nO,lI,C'IeT 3KCnJIY3T3IJ:IIOHHblX 33naCOB npeCHblX nO.ll.3eMHblX BO,lI,
BepXHe-Cpe,lI,HeropcKoro BO,lI,OHOCHoro KOMnJIeKC3.


BnepBble
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266 CYlll.ECT,B. H B03MO)KJH. HCnOJIb30B. no,a3BMH. 'BO:l, ,aJI51 lI.EJIEn BO,aOCHAB.


3KcfwyaTalJ,liOHHbIe 3arraCbI npecHbIx nO,lI,3eMHbIX BO,lI, BepxHe-cpe,lI,He-
.IDpcKoro BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa Ha TeppliToplili B pa,lI,liyce ,lI,0 10 KM OT
r. fpO,aHO YTBepLK,lI,eHbI TK3 B KOJIll'IeCTBe 4,4 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU no KaTero-
pHH B, 15,7 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU no KaTeropHH C 1 H 124 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU no KaTe-
roplili C 2 .
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o BbICOKOH Bo,a006liJIbHOCTli IDpCKHX OTJIOLKeHHH li nepcneKTliBax HCrrOJIb-
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no,a3eMHbIX BO,a BepxHe-cpe,aHeIDpcKoro BO,aOHOCHoro KOMnJIeKCa H ceHO-
MaHCKoro BO,lI,OHOCHOro ropli30HTa nYTeM cTpOHTeJIbCTBa Bo,a03a60poB
B pa,aHyce OT 6-10 KM. OT r. fpO,lI,HO.
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LKeHHH.
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CTbIMH rropo,aaMli cpe,lI,Hero ,aeBOHa.
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KOBbIMH neCKaMH H MopeHHbIMli cyneC5IMH li cyr JIHHKaMli MOCKOBCKoro,
,aHerrpOBCKoro H 6epe3liHcKoro OJIe,aeHeHliH.
K rroKpoBHbIM Bo,aHOJIe,lI,HliKOBbIM -neCKaM nprrypo'-leHbI rpYHTOBbIe
BO,abI. Bo,a006HJIbHOCTb H MOIlJ,HOCTb Bo,aOBMeIlJ,aIDIlJ,liX nopo,lI, He3HaLlli-
TeJIbHbIe.
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Me)KMOpeHHbIX tpJIIDBHOr JI5IlJ,liaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHliH.
BO,aOHOCHbIH ropli30HT MOCKOBcKo-,aHenpoBcKliX OTJIO)KeHliH MOIlJ,-
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,ae6HTbI CKBa)KI1H ,aOCTHraIDT 10 M. 3 /'iac.
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3liHCKHX OTJIO)KeHliH HMeIDT TecHYID rH,apaBJIH'-IecKYID CB5I3b. Do,a3eMHbIe
BO,abI B XHMHKo-6aKTepHOJIOrH'-IeCKOM OTHOIlIeHlili OTBeLlaIDT Tpe60BaHli5IM,
rrpe,a'b51BJI5IeMbIM K X035IiicTBeHHO-nliTbeBbIM BO,lI,aM.
B HaCT05IIlJ,ee BpeM5I ,aJI5I Bo,aocHa6LKeHli5I r. ,lJ,3epLKHHcKa HCnOJIb3yeTC5I
B OCHOBHOM BO,aOHOCHbIH ropH30HT MOCKOBcKo-,aHenpoBcKHX OTJIOLKeHliH.
DepcrreKTHBHa5I nOTpe6HocTb r. ,lJ,3ep)KliHCKa B X035IHCTBeHHo-rrliTbe-
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ropli30HTOB MOCKOBCKo-,aHenpOBCKHX H ,aHenpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKliX OTJIOLKe-
HHH. OT60p BO,abf H3 3THX BO,aOHOCHbfX ropli30HTOB B KOJIH'-IeCTBe
33 TbIC. M. 3 /CYTKU B03MOLKeH rrpH pa3MeIlJ,eHliH Bo,a03a60poB B pa,aliyce ,ao
3-5 KM. OT r. ,lJ,3epLKHHcKa.
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no,a3eMHbIe BOJ1.bI lIeTBepTlillHbIX li ,aOlleTBepTliLlHbfX OTJIO)KeHliH.
B TOJIIlJ,e '-IeTBepTlillHbIX OTJIOLKeHliH BO,aOHOCHbIMli 5IBJIHIDTC5I aJIJIIDBH-
a.TJbHbIe, ,aHerrpOBCKHe Ha,aMopeHHbH:: li 6epe3liHCKO- ,aHenpOBCKHe Me)KMO-
peHHbIe Bo,aHOJIe,aHHKOBbIe OTJIOLKeHH5I.
AJIJIIDBHaJIbHbIe H Ha,aMopeHHbIe Bo,aHOJIe,aHliKOBbIe neCKli co,aepLKaT
rpYHTOBbIe BO,abI H xapaKTepli3YIDTC5I He3HatIliTeJIbHOH Bo,a006HJIbHOCTbID.
HHLKeJIeLKaIlJ,HH BO,aOHOCHbIH ropH30HT ,lI,HenpOBCKo-6epe3liHCKHX OTJIO-
LKeHHH HanopHbIH. Bo,aOBMeIlJ,aIDIlJ,He MeJIKO- H cpe,aHe3epHliCTbIe neCKH




CYlll.ECT,B. H B03MO)KJH. HCnOJIb30B. nO,a3EMH. SO,a ,aJISI L(EJIEJ1 BOilJ:OCHA5. 267


MOIlJ,HOCTblO 3,0-10,4 M 3aJIeralOT Ha r JIy6HHe 22,8-35,0 M. ,lJ,e6HT CKBa-
JKHH AOCTHraeT 12,0 M 3 /'iaC npH nOHKlKeHHH ypOBH5I Ha 5 M. f1be30MeTpH-
lJeCKHe ypOBHH B CKBalKHHax YCTaHaBJIHBalOTC5I Ha 10,0-12,8 M HHlKe HX
YCTbeB.
BOAOHOCHbIIT ropH30HT AHenpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX OTJIOlKeHHIT no,aCTH-
JIaeTC5I HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBbIMH MeJIKO- H cpe,aHe3epHHcTbIMH neCKaMH H
rJII-lHaMH MOIlJ,HOCTblO ,ao 20 M. Dbe30MeTpHlJeCKHe ypOBHH B CKBalKHHax,
::1KcnJIya THPYlOIlJ,HX HeoreH- naJIeOreHOBbIIT BO,lI,OHOCHbIH: KOMnJIeKC, YCTaHaB-
..JIHBalOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe 5,9-14,0 M OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. Y,lI,eJIbHble ,lI,e6H-
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BepXHero MeJIa, npe,lI,CTaBJIeHHble MeJIOM H MepreJIeM. MOIlJ,HOCTb HX 8,0-
,57,1 M. B TpeIlJ,HHoBa Toli MepreJIbHO- MeJIOBOH TOJIIlJ,e co,aep)Ka TC5I npecHble,
HanopHble BO,abI. Dbe30MeTpHlJeCKHe ypOBHH B CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHaBJIHBa-
lOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe 5,0-10,7 M OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH.
MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBa5I TOJIIlJ,a nO,lI,CTHJIaeTC5I ceHOMaHCKHMH neCKaMH
MOIlJ,HOCTblO B HeCKOJIbKO MeTpoB.
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neCKOB co,aep)KaTC5I npecHble BO,lI,bI. 1\ nO,lI,CTHJIalOIlJ,HM OTJIO)KeHH5IM cpe,a-
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,lJ,JI5I X035IITCTBeHHo-nHTbeBoro Bo,aOCHa6)KeHH5I r. !KJI06HHa B HaCT05I-
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.,apeBHeaJIJllOBHaJIbHbIX, 6epe3HHCKO- ,aHenpOBCKHX Bo,aHOJIe,aHHKOBbIX, naJIeo-
reHOBbIX H ceHOH-TypOHCKHX OTJIO)KeHHIT. OT60p nO,a3eMHbIX BO,lI, B KOJIH-
lJeCTBe 216,5 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU MO)KeT 6bITb 06eCnelJeH B pa,lI,Hyce 10-15 KM
OT r. !KJI06HHa. YlJaCTKH no,a CTpOHTeJIbCTBO BOA03a60poB ,aOJI)KHbI BbI6H-.
paTbc5I C YlJeTOM MaKCHMaJIbHOrO npH6JIHlKeHH5I HX K p. ,lJ,Herrpy.
X035IITCTBeHHo-nHTbeBoe Bo,aocHa6)KeHHe r. !KO,aHHO
B HaCT05IIlJ,ee BpeM5I npoH3Bo,aHTC5I 3a ClJeT no,a3eMHbIX BOA lJeTBepTHlJHbIX H
lJaCTHlJHO ,aOlJeTBepTHlJHbIX OTJIO)KeHHIT.
4eTBepTHlJHble OTJIO)KeHH5I B paITOHe r. !KO,aHHO pa3BHTbI nOBceMeCTHO.
MOIlJ,HOCTb HX COCTaBJI5IeT 80,0-112,5 M. Do,a3eMHble BO,lI,bI npHypOlJeHbI
K cOBpeMeHHbIM aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIM OTJIO)KeHH5IM p. DJIHCCbI, Ha,lI,MOCKOBCKHM
BOJI.HOJIe,aHHKOBbIM neCKaM, a TaK)Ke K MOCKOBcKo-,aHenpoBcKHM H ,aHe-
rrpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHM Bo,aHOJIe,aHHKOBbIM Me)KMOpeHHbIM OTJIO)KeHH5IM.
B TOJIIlJ,e lJeTBepTHlJHbIX OTJIO)KeHHIT co,aeplKaTC5I rH,lI,poKap6oHaTHO-KaJIb-
lJ,HeBble BO,abI C CYXHM OCTaTKOM 102-277 Me/A.. Bo,aOBMeIlJ,alOIlJ,HMH nopo-
JI.aMH 5IBJI5IlOTC5I neCKH MeJIKO-, cpe,aHe- H pa3H03epHHCTble.
4eTBepTHlJHble OTJIO)KeHH5I rro,aCTHJIalOTC5I OTJIO)KeHH5IMH HapOBCKoro
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H3BeCTH5IKaMH H MepreJI5IMH. B BepXHeIT lJaCTH TOJIIlJ,H cpe,aHe,aeBOHCKHX OT-
J10:iKeHHH MOIlJ,HOCTblO 58-87 M co,aep:iKaTC5I rrpecHble BO,lI,bI C CYXHM OCTaT-
KOM OT 414 ,ao 702 Me/A.. C YBeJIHlJeHHeM rJIy6HHbI MHHepaJIH3alJ,H5I no,a-
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BOHCKHX OTJIOlKeHHIT OHH nepeXO,lI,5IT B CJIa60COJIOHOBaTble H 3aTeM B COJIO-
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rrYTeM '::JKCrrJIyaTalJ,HH rrpHMepHo 15 O,aHHOlJHbIX CKBalKHH, paCnOJIOlKeHHblx
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CKo-,aHenpoBcKHX OTJIOlKeHHIT, KOJIe6JIlOTC5I B rrpe,aeJIax OT 22 ,ao 30 M3/'iac




268 CYIll.ECTB. H B03MO)KH. HCnOJIb30B. no,a3EMH. BO,a ,aJ15I IJ,EJ1EY! BO,aOCHAE.


npl1 nOHI1LKeHl111 YPOBH5I BO,abI COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 4 11 5 M. Bo,aoBMeII.{aIO-
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CYlll,EGTB. H B03MO)K)H. HCnOJIb30B. nO)],3EMH. BOJJ: ,l],JI5I UE/'IEY! BO)],OCHAE. 269


CKBa)!UIH KOJIe6JIIOTCH OT 15 )],0 36,0 M 3 j'iaC rrpH rrOHH)KeHHH ypOBHH BO)],bl
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06HJIbHbIX TOHK03epHHcTbIX rreCKOB. MOW,HOCTb HX COCTaBJIHeT 42,35-
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OHH 3aJIeralOT B HHTepBaJIe rJIy6HH OT 90,5 )],0 97,95 M. Tpew,HHoBaTble
H3BeCTHHKH xapaKTepH3YlOTCH BbICOKOH Bo)],006HJIbHOCTblO. D.e6HTbI CKBa-
)KHH H3MeHHIOTCH OT 45 )],0 50 M 3 /'iac rrpH rrOHH)KeHHH ypOBHH COOTBeTCT-
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HbIMH CKBa)KHHaMH 3KCrrJIya THPYIOTCH MOCKOBCKO- JI:HerrpOBclmH, ceHOMaH-
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.3KCrrJIyaTaUHH cppaHcKoro BOJI:OHOCHOro KOMrrJIeKca. OT60p rroTpe6Horo Ha
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CTBa rpyrrrroBblx BOJI:03a60poB B paJI:Hyce JI:O 3 KM OT r. KpW!eBa.
r 0 p 0 JI: JI H JI: a pacrrOJIO)KeH B 6JIarOrrpHHTHbIX YCJIOBHHX JI:JIH opra-
HH3aUHH ero X03HHCTBeHHo-rrHTbeBoro BOJI:OCHa6)KeHHH 3a ClieT rrOJI:3eMHbIX
BOJI:. TOJIw,a ocaJI:OQHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH MOW,HOCTblO OKOJIO 300 M 3aJIeraeT
3JI:eCb Ha rropoJI:ax KpHCTaJIJIHlIeCKOro cpYHJI:aMeHTa H cOJI:ep)KHT B ce6e
rrpecHble BOJI:bI, rrpHrOJI:Hble JI:JIH rrHTbH.
HaH60JIee rrepcrreKTHBHbIMH JI:JIH ueJIeH X03HHCTBeHHo-rrHTbeBoro BOJI:O-
cHa6)KeHHH r. JIHJI:bI HBJIHIOTCH BOJI:OHOCHble ropH30HTbI lIeTBepTHlIHbIX OT-
JIO)KeHHH.
06w,aH MOW,HOCTb lIeTBepTHlIHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH, rrpeJI:CTaBJIeHHbIX MopeH-
HbIMH cyrrecHMH H cyrJIaHKaMH H BOJI:HOJIeJI:HHKOBbIMH rreCKaMH 6epe3HH-
CKoro, JI:HerrpOBCKoro H MOCKOBCKoro OJIeJI:eHeHHH, B paHOHe r. JIHJI:bI CO-
CTaBJIHeT 80-118 M.
K BOJI:HOJIeJI:HHKOBbIM rrecKaM, rroKpbIBalOw,HM MOCKOBCKYIO MopeHY,
rrpHypolleHbI rpYHToBble BOJI:bI. MOW,HOCTb BOJI:OHOCHoro ropH30HTa He3Ha-
lIHTeJIbHaH.
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CYI.U:ECTB. H B03MO)l(H. HCnOJIb30B. nO.LJ:3EMH. BO.n: .n:JI5I UEJIEYI BO,n:OCHAB. 271


pacnpOCTpaHeHfI5I lOpCKHX OTJIO)KeHfIH rrpoxo.n:fIT B 6-8 KM. K ceBepy OT
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aJIeBpOJIHTaMH MOIlLHOCTblO .n:o 200 M..
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K lJeTBepTHlJHbIM, BepXHeMeJIOBbIM, lOpCKHM H cpe.n:He.n:eBoHCKITM rrec-
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HaTHoH TOJIIlLe HapOBcKoro ropH30HTa co.n:ep)KaTC5I cJIa60COJIOHOBaTble H
COJIOHOBaTbIe BO.n:bI. B HIT)KeJIe)KaIlLHX KeM6pHHCKITX H BepxHerrpoTep030Hc
CKHX oca.n:OlJHbIX OTJIO)KeHH5IX, 3aJIeralOIlLITX B ITHTepBaJIe r JIy6HH 345-
1306 M., IT rropo.n:ax KpITCTaJIJIHlJeCKoro Q:>YH.n:aMeHTa co.n:ep)KaTC5I BbICOKO-
MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIe BO.n:bI IT paCCOJIbI.
COBpeMeHHoe Bo.n:ocHa6)KeHHe r. MOrHJIeBa 6a3HpyeTC5I B OCHOBHOM Ha
ITCrrOJIb30BaHHIT rrpecHbIx rro.n:3eMHbIX BO.n: TeppHreHHoH TOJIIlLH cpe.n:Hero
.n:eBOHa H TOJIbKO e.n:HHHlJHbIMH CKBa)j{HHaMH 3KCrrJIyaTHpYlOTC5I rro.n:3eMHbIe
BO.n:bI lJeTBepTfIlJHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH.
B r. MOrHJIeBe .n:eHcTBylOT rpyrrrroBbIe Bo.n:03a6opbI .N!? I «J],HerrpoB-
CKHH» H .N!? 2 «Kapa6aHoBcKHH», a TaK)Ke 3KCrrJIyaTHpylOTc5I TPH O.n:HHOlJ-
HbIe CKBa)KHHbI MOrHJIeBCKOro «Bo.n:oKaHaJITpecTa» H 23 Be.n:OMCTBeHHbIe
CKBa)KHHbI OT.n:eJIbHbIX rrpe.n:rrpH5ITHH. O.n:HHOlJHbIe CKBa)KHHbI paccpe.n:OTO-
lJeHbI rro TeppHT.opHH ropo.n:a.
Bo.n:03a 60p .N!? I «J],HerrpoBcKHH» pacrroJ10)KeH B lO)KHOH lJaCTH ropo.n:a,
Ha rrpaBo6epe)KHOH rroHMe H Teppace p. J],Herrpa. 3KCrrJIyaTaUHoHHbIe CKBa-
)KHHbI pacrrOJIO)KeHbI B HeCKOJIbKO pa36pocaHHoM BH.n:e. PaCCT05IHH5I Me)K.n:y
HHMH COCTaBJI5IlOT 40-400 M.. Bo.n:03a60p COCTOHT H3 18 CKBa)KHH. CeMb
CKBa)KHH 3KCrrJIyaTHpylOT llIBeHToHcKo-Ta PTYCKHH BO.n:OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC IT
TPH CKBa)j{HHbI - BO.n:OHOCHbIH ropH30HT .n:peBHeaJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH.
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HO-CTep)KHeBbIMH Q:>HJIbTpaMH .n:HaMeTpoM 6/4 H 8/5" C rpaBHHHoH 06CbIlI-
KOH. J],JIHHa pa60lJeH lJaCTH Q:>HJIbTpOB, Haxo.n:5IIlLHXC5I B HHTepBaJIe rJIy6HH
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Obe30MeTpHlJeCIme ypOBHH B 3KCrrJIyaTauHoHHbIX CKBa)KHHaX YCTaHaBJIH-
BalOTC5I Ha 0,3-5,5 M. BbIllie HX YCTbeB.
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HOCHbIX MeJIK03epHHcTbIX rreCKOB cpe.n:Hero .n:eBOHa 98,81-105,48; 106,58-
113,25 H 114,3-121,0 M., rrpH CaMOH3JIHBe HMeJIa .n:e6HT 14,76 M. 3 jttac.
nbe30MeTpHlJeCKHH ypoBeHb BO.n:bI B HeH YCTaHaBJIHBaJIC5I Ha 5,5 M. BbIllie
rroBepxHocTH 3eM.'IH.
113 CKB. 1, rrpo6ypeHHoH B 1955 r. H o60py.n:oBaHHoH Q:>HJIbTpOM B HH-
TepBaJIe rJIy6HH 154,66-165,34 M., rrpH CaMOH3JIHBe rrOJIYlJeH .n:e6HT
52 M. 3 /ttac.
CYMMapHa5I rrpoH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOCTb ceMH 3KCrrJIyaTauHOHHbIX CKBa)KHH
COCTaBJI5IeT 7,6 TbIC. M. 3 /CYTKU.
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aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX OT JIO)KeHHH, KOJIe6JIlOTC5I B rrpe.n:eJIax OT 44 .n:o 47,3 M.. OHH
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3-3,6 M. OT rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. CYMMapHa5I rrpoH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOCTb Tpex




272 CYI.U:ECTB. H B03MO)KH. HCnOJlb30B. nO)J:3EMH, BO)J: )J:Jl5I lJ,EJlEY! BO)J:OCHAE.


CKBa)KIIH COCTaBJIReT 2,2 Tb!C. M. 3 /CYTKU. 06IlLa51 npo1I3BoJ]:IITeJIbHOCTb BOJ]:O-
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Hble CKBa)KIIHbI pacnOJlO)KeHbI B BIIJ]:e TpeyrOJIbHIIKa. B 1963 r. Ha Kapa-
6aHOBCKOM BOJ]:03a60pe J]:eHcTBOBaJIO BoceMb CKBa)KIIH. Bce OHII 3KCnJIya-
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<p1I.1JbTpaMH C rpaBIIHHoH 06CbIilKOH J]:lIaMeTpOM 6/4, 8/5, 7/5 II 10/6" II
)!,JIIIHOH pa60qeH qacTII 6,70-16,15 M.. 06blqHO <pIIJIbTpbI B CKBa)KIIHaX Ha-
XOJ]:51TC51 Ha rJIy6IIHe OT 199 J]:O 230 M.. OJ]:Ha CKBa)KIIHa 060pYJ]:oBaHa
cpHJlbTpOM B IIHTepBaJle 83,2-94,0 M.. LLe6IIT CKBa)KHH COCTaBJI51eT 20-
65 M. 3 /'iaC nplI nOHII)KeHIIII ypOBH51 B OJ]: bI COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 9,5 II 45,0 M..
LLHHaMlIqeCKlIe ypOBHH BOJ]:bI HaXOJ]:51TC51 Ha rJIy6HHax 23-68 M. OT nOBepx-
HOCTH 3eMJll1. B 3KCnJIyaTalJ,IIOHHbIX CKBa)KIIHaX, np06ypeHHbIx B 1952-
1962 rr., nbe30MeTplIqeCKIIH YPoBeHb HaXOJ]:IIJlC51 Ha rJIy6IIHax 11-28 M. OT
nOBepXHOCTII 3eMJIII.
OpOII3BoJ]:HTeJIbHOCTb Kapa6aHoBcKoro BOJ]:03a60pa 113 BOCbMII 3KC-
nJIyaTalJ,IIOHHbIX CKBa)KIIH COCTaBJI51eT 9,0 TbIC. M. 3 jCYTKU.
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1964 rr. rrpOH3BeJ]:eHbI nOIICKOBbIe flIJ]:poreoJlOrlIqeCKlIe HCCJleJ]:OBaHH51.
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CYIll.ECTB. H B03MOJKH. HCnOJJb30B. nO,lJ;3EMH. BO,lJ; ,lJ;JJ5I L(EJJEf-i BO,[(OCHAE. 273


MOIlLHOCTb BO,lJ;OHOCHOro rOpl130HTa MOCKOBCKO-,lJ;HerrpOBCKI1X OTJJO)Ke-
HI1H COCTaBJJHeT 23,3-36,0 M. BO,lJ;OBMeIlLalOIlLl1e MOCKOBCKO-,lJ;HerrpOBCKl1e
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pl111eCKl1e ypOBHI1 B CKBa)KI1HaX YCTaHaBJJI1BalOTCH Ha rJly611Hax 3-23 M OT
rrOBepXHOCTI1 3eMJII1. B rrOHI1)KeHI1HX peJIbecpa BO,lJ;a 113 CKBa)KI1H CaM0I13-
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MOIlLHOCTblO 20,0-39,15 M. OHI1 3aJIeralOT B I1HTepBaJIe rJIy611H OT 36,38
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YPOBHH BO,lJ;bI COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 4 11 9 Ai. BJIarO,lJ;apH HeBbI,lJ;ep)KaHHOCTI1
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B CKBa)KI1HaX YCTaHaBJII1BalOTCH Ha Oll.l1HaKOBbIX L'ly6l1Hax OT rrOBepXHOCTH
3eMJII1.
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3a60p, pacrrOJIO)KeHHbIH Ha lO)KHOH OKpal1He ropo)].a. lllecTb BO,lJ;03a60pHbIX
CKBa)KI1H pacrrOJIO)KeHbI B Jll1Hl1lO C paCCTOHHl1eM B cpe)].HeM 300 M lI.pyr OT
)].pyra. BO,lJ;03a60poM 3KCrrJJyaTI1pYlOTCH BO,lJ;OHOCHble rOpl130HTbI MOCKOBCKO-
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COCTaBJIHJIa 5 TbIC. M 3 /CYTTW.
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KOBCKO-lI.HerrpOBCKI1X 11 ,lJ;HerrpOBcKo-6epe3I1HCKI1X OTJIO)KeHI1H. CYMMapHaH
rrp0I13BO,lJ;I1TeJIbHOCTb 3TI1X CKBa)KI1H COCTaBJJHeT OKOJIO 6 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
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pOB B pa,lJ;l1yce ,lJ;0 5-6 KM OT r. MOJIOll.ellHo.
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18 3aK. 04368




274 CYrn:ECTB. H B03MO)!(H. HCnOJlb30B. no,o:3EMH. BO,o: ,o:Jl51 lJ,EJlEY! BO,o:OCHAE.


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MHCH C cynecHMH. MOW:HOCTb HX KOJIe6JIeTCH OT HeCKOJIbKHX MeTpOB.lI.O
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OT 56,4 .lI.O 190,8 M. Obe30MeTpHqeCKHe ypOBHH MeLKMopeHHblx BO.ll.0HOCHbIX
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pa3MbiTbi TIaJIeOreHOBbie TIeCqaHO-rJIHHHCTble rrOpO.ll.bI H no.ll. qeTBepTHqHbIMH
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CeHoH-TYPoHcKaH MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBaH TOJIw:a MOW:HOCTblO .lI.O 59,2 M
TaKLKe xapaKTepH3yeTcH He3HaqHTeJIbHOH BO.ll.o06HJIbHOCTblO.
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HOCTblO B HeCKO.1JbKo MeTpoB HBJIHlOTCH BO.ll.OHOCHbIMH, HO BO.ll.o06HJIbHOCTb
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HaMH C npOCJIOHMH neCqaHHKOB. MOllJ.HOCTb HX COCTaBJIHeT 13,35-24,5 M.
KpOBJIH HHLKHeKeM6pHHcKHX OTJIOLKeHHH B paHoHe HOBorpY.ll.Ka 3aJIeraeT
Ha rJIy6HHe OKOJIO 316,5 M. K TpeW:HHoBaTbIM neCqaHHKaM npHypOqeHbI
npeCHble BO.ll.bI. BO.ll.o06HJIbHOCTb HX He3HaqHTeJIbHaH.
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rpY.ll.Ka ocyw:eCTBJIHeTCH 3a CqeT TI0.ll.3eMHbIX BO,lI" B OCHOBHOM qeTBepTHq-
HbIX H qaCTHqHO .lI.OqeTBepTHtIHbIX OTJIOLKeHHH. B rrpe.ll.eJIax ropO.ll.a Ha Tep-
pHTOpHH pa3JIHqHbIX npe,lI,npHHTHH paCnOJIOLKeHO OKOJIO 15 O.ll.HHOqHbIX 3KC-
nJIyaTau,HoHHbIX CKBaLKHH. BO.ll.OOT60p H3 Tpex CKBaLKHH rOpO.ll.CKOrO BO.ll.O-
npOBO,lI,a paBeH 0,9 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU, a 06w:aH npOH3BO.ll.HTeJIbHOCTb Bcex .lI.eH-
CTBYlOW:HX B r. HOBorpY.ll.Ke 3KCTIJIyaTaUHoHHbIX CKBaLKHH COCTaBJIHeT JIHilib
3,2 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU.




CY
ECTB. H B03MO)KH. HCnOJIb30B. nO.n:3EMH. BO.n: .n:JI5I UEJIEYI BO.n:OCHAE. 275


,lJ,JI5I nOJIHOro y.n:oBJIeTBOpeHI15I nOTpe6HOCTI1 r. HOBorpy.n:Ka B X035IH-
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B 1963-1964 rr. npoBe.n:eHbI n0l1cKoBo-pa3Be.n:OqHbIe pa60TbI B pa.n:l1yce .n:o
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6JIarOnpl15ITHbIH .n:JI5I CTpOI1TeJIbCTBa Bo.n:03a60pa np0I13Bo.n:I1TeJIbHOCTblO
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UI1I1 5IBJI5IeTC5I BO.n:OHOCHbIU: rOpl130HT MOCKOBcKo-.n:HenpOBCKI1X Me)KMOpeH-
HbIX <pJIlOB110r JI5IUl1aJIbHbIX OT JIO)KeHI1H. Bo.n:oBMeIlLalOIlLl1e KpyrrHo-, cpe.n:He-,
MeJIKO- 11 TOHK03epHI1CTbIe neCKlI 3Toro BO.n:OHOCHoro rOpl1301ITa MOIlLHOCTblO
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6e3bIM5IHHOrO pyqb5I, YCTaHaBJIlIBalOTC5I Ha rJIy611Hax 2,0-11,8 .M. OT no-
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Borpy.n:Ke 15 3KCnJIyaTauI1oHHbIX CKBa)KI1H. J1I1TOJIOrI1QeCKlIH COCTaB rropo.n:
11 xapaKTep 3aJIeraHI15I BO.n:OHOCHoro rOpl130HTa MOCKOBCKo-.n:HerrpOBCKI1X
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18*




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OTJIO)KeHHH H qaCTHqHO lllBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKHH BO,Z:LOHOCHbIH KOMIIJIeKC.
3KCIIJIyaTalJ,HOHHbIMH CKBa)KHHaMH oT6HpaeTcH 8-10 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU. B pe-
3YJIbTaTe 3KCIIJIyaTalJ,HH yKa3aHHbIx BO,Z:LOHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB Ha6JIlO,Z:LaeTCH
yBeJIHqeHHe MHHepaJIH3alJ,HH H H3MeHeHHe XHMHqeCKOrO COCTaBa BO,Z:LW.
B CKBa)KHHe, IIepe,Z:LaHHOH B 3KCIIJIyaTalJ,HlO B r. HOBo- DOJIolJ,Ke B 1959 r.,
cO,Z:Lep)KaHHe XJIOpH,Z:LOB IIepBOHaqaJIbHO COCTaBJIHJIO 86 Me/A, a K KOHlJ,Y
HlOJIH 1961 r. OHO ,Z:LOCTHraJIO 138 Me/A. B CKBa)KHHaX, oT6HpalO
HX B Ha-
qaJIe 3KCIIJIyaTalJ,HH IIpeCHYlO BO,Z:LY l-I3 lllBeHTOHCKO-Ta pTYCKoro BO,Z:LOHOC-
Hora KOMIIJIeKCa, MHHepaJIH3alJ,HH BO,Z:LbI 3a ,Z:LBYXJIeTHHH IIepHO,Z:L 3KCIIJIya-
TalJ,HH HX B03pOCJIa ,Z:LO 1600 Me/A, IIPH YBeJIYlqeHHH XJIOpH,Z:LOB OT 650,Z:L0
850 Me/A.
B pa,Z:LHyce ,Z:LO 35-40 KM OT r. DOJIolJ,Ka HaH60JIee IIepcIIeKTHBHbIMI1
,Z:LJIH 3KCIIJIyaTalJ,HH HBJIHlOTCH lllBeHToHcKo-TapTycKHH BO,Z:LOHOCHbIH KOM-
nJIeKC H BO,Z:LOHOCHble ropH30HTbI qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH. YqaCTKH no)J.
cTpOHTeJIbCTBO BO)J.03a60poB )J.OJI)KHbI 6bITb pa3Me
eHbI Ha nJIOIli,a)J.HX
C )J.ocTaTOqHOH BO)J.006HJIbHOCTblO BO)J.OBMeIlJ,alOIli,HX neCKOB H OTCYTcTBHeM
nO)J.TOKa COJIOHOBaTblX H COJIeHbIX BO)J. H3 HH)KeJIe)KaIlJ,HX BO)J.OHOCHbIX ropH-
30HTOB.
Oc060e BHHMaHHe CJIe)J.yeT Y)J.eJIHTb BbIHBJIeHHlO B6JIH3H 3an. .QBHHbl
yqaCTKOB C OTHOCHTeJIbHO BbI)J.ep)KaHHBlM pacIIpoCTpaHeHHeM H xopollleH
BO)J.ooT)J.aqeH BO)J.HOJIe)J.HHKOBbIX H )J.peBHeaJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX neCKOB. DO)J.3eM-
Hble BO)J.bI 3THX OTJIO)KeHHH rH)J.paB.lmqeCKH CBH3aHbI C BO)J.aMH 3an. .QBH-
Hbl. DpH HaJIHqHH XOpOlllO npOHHlJ,aeMbIX BO)J.HOJIe)J.HHKOBbIX H )J.peBHeaJIJIlO-
BHaJIbHbIX neCKOB Ha paccToHHHH )J.O HeCKOJIbKHX COTeH MeTpOB OT 3an.
.QBHHbI H 3aJIeraHHH HX HH)Ke ype3a BO)J.bI B p.eKe, B paHOHe r. DOJIolJ,Ka
MorYT 6bITb cOOPY)KeHbI HH<pHJIbTpalJ,HOHHble BO)J.03a60pbI, nHTalOIli,HeCH
npeHMYIli,eCTBeHHO H3 peKH.




CYIIJ,ECTB. H B03MO)l(H. HCnOJIb30B. nO,[L3EMH. BO,[L ,[LJI5I
EJIEFI BO,[LOCHAB. 279


B03M01KHOCTb 06eCneqeHHH BO,[LoCHa61KeHHH r. nOJIOlJ,Ka B nepcneK-
THBe 33 CqeT 3KCnJIyaTalJ,HH BO,[LOHOCHWX rOpH30HTOB qeTBepTHqHWX OTJIO-
1KeHHH H lllBeHTOHCKO-TapTYCKOrO BO,[LOHOCHOrO KOMnJIeKCa M01KeT 6bITb
YCTaHOBJIeHa rH,[LpOreOJIOrHqeCKHMH HCCJIe,[LOBaHHHMH.
ECJIH 3KCnJIyaTalJ,HOHHbIe 3anaCbI npeCHbIX nO,[L3eMHbIX BO,[L no 3THM
BO,[LOHOCHbIM ropH30HTaM OKa1KYTCH He3HaqHTeJIbHbIMH, TO ,[LJIH X03HHCTBeH-
Ho-rrHTbeBoro BO,[LOCHa61KeHHH r. nOJIOlJ,Ka MorYT 6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHbI rro,[L-
3eMHbIe BO,[LbI cppaHCKoro BO,[LOHOCHOro KOMnJIeKCa, KOTOpbIH HMelOT nOBce-
MeCTHoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe B 35-38 KM K ceBepy aT HecpTenepepa6aTbIBalO-
mero 3aBO,[La. B cppaHCKHX TpellI,HHOBaTbIX H KaBepH03HbIX H3BeCTHHKax CO-
,[Lep1K3TCH ,[L06pOKaqeCTBeHHbIe BO,[LbI, rH,[LpaBJIIiQeCKIi CBH33HHbIe C peKaMIi
H 03epaMH. nepcneKTHBHaH nOTpe6HOCTb r. nOJIOlJ,Ka B X03HHCTBeHHO-
nHTbeBOH BO,[Le B KOJIHqeCTBe 286,8 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU M01KeT 6bITb Y,[LOBJIeTBO-
peHa nYTeM cTpOHTeJIbCTBa pH,[La rpynnoBwx BO,[L03a60poB.
JIH nO,[LaqH
BO,[LbI B r. nOJIOlJ,K nOTpe6yeTcH 3aJI01KHTb lJ,eHTpaJIbHbIH BO,[LOBO,[L npoTH-
JKeHHOCTblO OKOJIO 38 KM, K KOTOPOMY 6Y,[LeT nO,[LaBaTbCH BO,[La aT rpyrrno-
BblX BO,[L03a60pOB, pacnOJI01KeHHbIX Ha OrpaHHqeHHOH nJIOIlI,3,[LH.
COB P e M e H H a 51 H n e p C n e K T H B H a 51 nOT p e 6 HOC T b r. P e-
q H lJ, bI B X03HHCTBeHHo-nHTbeBOH BO,[Le M01KeT 6bITb nOJIHOCTblO Y,[LOBJIeT-
BopeHa 3a CqeT nO,[L3eMHbIX BO,[L.
B paHOHe r. PeqHlJ,bI pa3BHTbI COBpeMeHHbIe H ,[LpeBHeaJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIe
OTJI01KeHHH ,QHenpa, BO,[LHO-JIe,[LHHKOBbIe OTJI01KeHHH ,[LHenpOBCKoro H 6epe-
3HHCKoro OJIe,[LeHeHHH, a TaK1Ke ,[LHenpOBCKaH MopeHa. AJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIe OT-
JIOJKeHHH HMelOT MOIlI,HOCTb ,[La 10,0-15,0 M, a ,[LHenpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHe
BO,[LHO-JIe,[LHHKOBbIe neCKH - 8,4-11,9 M. 061lI,aH MOIlI,HOCTb qeTBepTHqHbIX
OT.7J01KeHHH COCTaBJIHeT 22,0-47,75 M. B aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX H BO,[LHO-JIe,[LHH-
KOBbIX npeHMYllI,eCTBeHHo MeJIK03epHHcTbIX neCKax cO,[Lep1KaTCH npecHbIe,
rH,[LpoKap60HaTHO-KaJIblJ,HeBbIe BO,[LbI. BO,[L006HJIbHOCTb 3THX neCKOB He3Ha-
qHTeJIbHaH. npH OTKaqKe H3 CKBa1KHH, 060PY,[LOBaHHbIx cpHJIbTpaMH B HH-
TepB3JIe BO,[LOHOCHOro ropH30HTa ,[LHenpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX OTJI01KeHHH, no-
JIyqeHbI ,[Le6HTbI OKOJIO 12 M 3 /,WC npH nOHH1KeHHH YPOBHH Ha 3,0 H 8,5 M.
BO,[LOBMellI,aIOIlI,He nopo,[LbI 3aJIeralOT Ha rJIy6HHe 60JIee 16 M. nbe30MeTpH-
QeCKHe YPOBHH B CKBa1KHHaX YCTaHaBJIHB310TCH Ha 15-16 M HH1Ke HX
YCTbeB.
4eTBepTHQHbIe OTJI01KeHHH nOBceMeCTHO nO,[LCTHJIaIOTCH naJIeOreHOBbIMH
H HeoreHOBbIMH MeJIKO- H Cpe,[LHe3epHHcTbIMH neCKaMH C npOCJIOHMH necqa-
HHKOB H rJIHH. MOIlI,HOCTb HX COCTaBJIHeT 40-49 M. BO,[LoBMe
aIOIlI,He
rreCKH MOIlI,HOCTblO 4,0-29,8 M 3aJIeralOT Ha rJIy6HHe 60JIee 32 M. ,Qe6HTbI
CKB31KHH C cenaTbIMH cpHJIbTpaMH H3MeHHIOTCH B npe,[LeJIax aT 13 ,[La
19 M 3 /'laC npH nOHH1KeHHH YPOBHH BO,[LbI COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 7 H 4 M. nbe30-
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aT nOBepXHOCTH 3eMJIH. nO,[L3eMHbIe BO,[LbI naJIeOreHOBbIX H HeoreHOBbIX OT-
JI01KeHHH rH,[LpaBJIHqeCKH CBH3aHbI C BO,[LOHOCHbIMH ropH30HTaMH qeTBep-
THqHbIX OTJI01KeHHH H C ,QHenpOM.
nO,[L naJIeOreHOBbIMH neCqaHO-rJIHHHCTbIMH nopO,[LaMH Ha fJIy6HHe
60JIee 67 M 3aJIeraeT ceHoH-TypoHcKaH MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBaH TOJIllI,a MOIlI,-
HOCTblO ,[La 33 M.
CJIa60BO,[L006HJIbHbIe ceHoH-TypoHcKHe OTJI01KeHHH nO,[LCTHJIaIOTCH ceHO-
MaHCKHMH TOHKO-, MeJIKO- H pa3H03epHHcTbIMH neCKaMH MOIlI,HOCTblO 13-
14 M, KOTopbIe 3aJIeralOT Ha fJIy6HHe 60JIee 103,5 M. BO,[L006HJIbHOCTb 3THX
neCKOB xapaKTepH3yeTcH ,[Le6HTOM CKBa1KHH nopH,[LKa 27 M 3 /'laC npH nOHH-
1KeHHH ypOBHH BO,[LbI Ha 3 M. CTaTHqeCKHe YPOBHH HaXO,[LHTCH Ha rJIy6HHe
,[LO 16 M aT rrOBepXHOCTH 3eMJIH.
CeHOMaHCKHe neCKH nO,[LCTHJIaIOTCH HH1KHeMeJIOBbIMH rJIHHaMH C npo-
-cJI05IMH CJIa60BO,[L006HJIbHbIX MeJIK03epHHCTbIX neCKOB, MOIlI,HOCTb KOTOPbIX
COCT3BJIHeT 40-50 M. BO,[L006HJIbHOCTb 3THX neCKOB xapaKTepH3yeTcH




280 CYW;ECTB. H B03MO)!<H. HCnOJIb30B. nOA3EMH. BOA AJUI IJ;EJIEYI BO,L\OCHAB.


.lI.e6HTOM CKBa)f01H nOpH.lI.Ka 36 M 3 /'iaC npH nOHmKeHHH ypOBH5I BO.ll.bI Ha
24 M. HH)f{e 3aJIera!OT !OpcKHe OTJIO)f{eHH5I MOUJ,HOCTb!O HeCKOJIbKO .lI.eCHT-
KOB MeTpoB, cO.ll.ep)KaUJ,lie npecHble BO.ll.bI.
B HaCTOHUJ,ee BpeM5I B r. PeqmLe .lI.eHcTBY!OT U,eHTpaJIbHbIH H f JIaBHbIH
rpyrrrroBbIe BO.ll.03a60pbI.
U,eHTpaJIbHbIH BO.ll.03a60p pacrrOJIO)KeH B IJ;eHTpe ropo.ll.a, Ha rrpaBo6e-
pe)KHOH rroHMe p. l1.Herrpa. OH COCTOHT H.3 qeUIpeX CKBa)KHH, Y.ll.aJIeHHbIX
OT pycJIa peKH .lI.O 50 M. TpeM5I CKBa)KHHaMH. 3KCI1JIyaTHpyeTcH HeoreH-rra-
JIeOreHOBbIH BO.ll.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC H O.ll.HOH - HH)KHeMeJIOBOH BO.ll.OHOCHbIH
KOMnJIeKC. l1.e6HTbI CKBa)KHH, 060pYAoBaHHblx <j)HJIbTpaMH B HHTepBaJIe
HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBoro BO.ll.OHOCHoro KOMrrJIeKCa, COCTaBJI5I!OT 10-25 M 3 /'iaC
rrpH rrOHH)!(eHHH ypOBH5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 14,69 H 20,10 .Ai. CYMMapHa5I
rrpOH3BO.ll.HTeJIbHOCTb Tpex CKBa)KHH paBHa 1,5 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU. l1.e6uT CKBa-
)KIiHbI, 3KCrrJIyaTH.pY!OUJ,eH HH.)f{HeMeJIOBOH BO.ll.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC, COCTaB-
JIHeT 0,3 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU rrpH rrOHH.)KeHHH. ypOBH5I Ha 26,8 M. 06UJ,a5I rrpoH3-
BO.ll.HTeJIbHOCTb U,eHTpaJIbHOrO BO.ll.03a60pa paBHa 1,8 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
fJIaBHUH BO.ll.03a60p HaXO.ll.HTCH B ceBepo-3arra.ll.HOH qaCTH r. PeqHIJ;U
H COCTOHT H3 Tpex CKBa)KHH, pacrrOJIO)KeHHbIX B JIHHH!O Ha paccToHHHH
250 M .lI.pyr OT .lI.pyra. P aCCT05IHHe OT pycJIa p. l1.Herrpa .lI.O 6JIH)KaHWeH
BO.ll.03a60pHoH CKBa)KHHbI COCTaBJI5IeT 550 M. BO.ll.03a60p 3KCnJIyaTHpyeT
HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO.ll.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC. l1.e6uTbI CKBa)KHH KOJIe6-
JIioTCH OT 20 AO 30 M 3 /'iaC rrpH rrOHH)f{eHHH ypOBH5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 10,8
Ii 9,8 M. DpOH3BoJ],H.TeJIbHOCTb fJIaBHOrO BOJ],o3a6opa COCTaBJI5IeT
1,7 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
KpoMe Toro, B r. PelIHIJ;e HMeeTCH OKOJIO 30 O.ll.H.HOqHbIX CKBa)KHH, pac-
rrOJIO)f{eHHbIX Ha TeppHTopHH OT.lI.eJIbHbIX rrpe.ll.rrpH5ITHH. .3THMH CKBa)KH.HaMH
3KCnJIyaTHpyeTcH B OCHOBHOM HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIH KOMrrJIeKC.
DepcrreKTHBHa5I nOTpe6HocTb r. PeqHL(bI B X03HHcTBeHHo-rrHTbeBoH
BO.ll.e B KOJIHqeCTBe 78,2 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU MO)KeT 6bITb Y.ll.OBJIeTBOpeHa 3a CqeT
.3KCrrJIyaTaIJ;HH HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBoro BO.ll.OHOCHOro KOMrrJIeKca. l1.JI5I 3TI1X
L(eJIeH nOTpe6yeTC5I pacIIlHpeHHe .lI.BYX .lI.eHcTBY!OUJ,HX U CTpOfITeJIbCTBO
HOBbIX rpynrroBbIx BO.ll.03a60poB B pa,luryce .lI.O 6,0-7,0 KM OT r. PeqHIJ;bI.
YqaCTKH rro.ll. cTpOHTeJIbCTBO rpyrrrroBux BO.ll.03a60poB He06xo.ll.HMO Bu6H-
paTb C yqeTOM MaKCHMaJIbHOrO rrpH.6JIH)KeHHH HX K p. l1.Herrpy.
X 0 3 5I H C T B e H H 0 - rr H T b e B 0 e B 0 .lI. 0 C H a 6 )K e H H. e B HOB b rr 0-
C T P 0 e H H 0 roC BeT .II 0 r 0 p C K a - O.ll.ROro H3 KpymreHIIlHx IJ;eHTpOB'
XHMHqeCKOH npOMbIlllJIeHHOCTH pecrry6JIHKH, MO)KeT 6bITb rrOJIHOCTb!O 06ec-
neqeHO 3a CqeT rrO.ll.3eMHbIX B0.ll..
B paHOHe r. CBeTJIOrOpCKa rrOBceMeCTHO pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI qeTBepTI1q-
HbIe OTJIO)KeHH5I MOUJ,HOCTb!O 35-46 M. OHH rrpeJ],cTaBJIeHbI cOBpeMeHHbIMH
H .lI.peBHHMH aJIJI!OBHaJIbHbIMH OTJIO)f{eHH5IMH. p. Bepe3HHbI, BO.ll.HOJIe.ll.HHKO-
BbIMH, JIe.ll.HHKOBbIMH H aJIJI!OBHaJIbHbIMH OTJIO)KeHH5IMH 6epe3IiHCKOrO, J],He-
npoBcKoro H MOCKOBCKoro oJIe.ll.eHeHH.H, B KOTOpbIX cO.ll.ep)KaTC5I rrpecHbIe,
rH.lI.poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbIJ;HeBble BO.ll.bI C cO.ll.ep)f{aHHeM )f{eJIe3a .lI.O 3-5 Me/A.
DO.ll.3eMHbIe BO.ll.bI qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO)f{eHHH HMe!OT TeCHY!O rH.lI.paB.'1Hqe-
CKY!O CB5I3b C p. Bepe3HHOH. HaH60JIee BO.ll.o06HJIbHbIM 5IBJI5IeTC5I BO.ll.OHOC-
HbIH ropH30HT .lI.HerrpOBCKo-6epe3I1HCKHX OTJIO)KeHHH.
B OCHOBaHHIi qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH Ha rJIy6HHe 35,0-45,8 At 3aJIe-
raeT HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO.ll.OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC. BO.ll.OBMeUJ,alOUJ,He rro-
pO.ll.bI MeJIKO- H TOHK03epHHCTbIe rreCKH C rrpOCJI05IMH rJIHH. HH)f{e C rJIy6I1-
HbI 98,9 M 3aJIera!OT BepXHeMeJIOBble (ceHoH -TypoHcKHe H ceHoMaHcKHe)
CJIa60BO.ll.o06HJIbHbIe MepreJIH, MeJI H rreCKH, cOJ],ep)f{aUJ,He rrpecHbIe BO.ll.b!.
CeHoMaHcKHe rreCKH Ha rJIy6HHe OKOJIO 213 M rrO.ll.CTHJIa!OTC5I !OpCKHMH.
H3B€:CTKoBo-MepreJIHCTbIMH nOpO.ll.aMH, cO.ll.ep)KaUJ,H.MH. rrpecHbIe BO.ll.bI. HH)Ke
3aJIeraeT MOUJ,Ha5I TOJIUJ,a rraJIe030HCKliX OTJIO)f{eHHH (60JIee 4000 M), B KO-
TopoH cO.ll.ep)KaTC5I COJIeHbIe BO.ll.bI H paCCOJIbI.




CYIIJ,ECTB. 11 B03MOJKH. I1CnO/lb30B. nO):L3EMH. BO):L ):LJI5I IJ;EJIEFI BO):LOCHAB. 281


B 1962-1963 rr. feoJIoro-rIf,n:poreoJIOrIfqeCKOH: 3KCne):LIIl(IIeH: YnpaBJIe-
HH5I reOJIOrIIH IIPH CM BCCP npoBe,n:eHbI rIf,n:poreOJIOrIIqeCKHe IICCJIe,n:OBa-
HH5I C l(eJIblO BbI5IBJIeHII5I nO):L3eMHbIX BO):L ,n:JI5I X035IH:CTBeHHo-nHTbeBoro
Bo,n:ocHa6JKeHH5I r. CBeTJIOrOpcKa. B pe3YJIbTaTe npOH3BO):LCTBa 3TIIX pa60T
B 6 KM K lOry OT ropo):La BbI5IBJIeHbI ):LBa yqaCTKa ,n:JI5I CTpOHTeJIbCTBa BO):LO-
3a60poB. no pa3Be,n:aHHbIM yq3CTKaM nO):LCqIITaHbI H YTBepJK):LeHbI fK3
3KCnJIyaTal(110HHbIe 3anaCbI no,n:3eMHbIX BO):L BO):LOHOCHOro ropH30HTa ,n:He-
npoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX OTJIOJKeHHH: no COCT05IHHIO Ha 1 5IHB3P5I 1963 r. B CJle-
.lI,YIOIll.HX KOJIHqeCTBax: no KaTerOpH5IM A - 10,9 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU, B-
10,9 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU H C I - 21 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU. CYMMapHbIe pa3Be,n:aHHbIe H
YTBepJK):LeHHbIe 3KcnJlyaTal(110HHbIe 3anaCbI no,n:3eMHbIX BO,n: COCTaBJI5IIOT
42,8 TbIC. .At 3 jcYTKu.
OT6op nOTpe6Horo Ha nepcneKTIIBY KOJIIIqeCTBa BO,n:bI B 139 TbIC.
At 3 jCYTKU MOJKeT 6bITb 06eCneqeH 3a cqeT 3KCnJIyaTal(HH BO):LOHOCHOro ropH-
30HTa ,n:HenpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX OTJIOJKeHHH:. LI.JI5I 3THX l(eJIeH nOTpe6yeTC5I
cTpOHTeJIbCTBO rpyrrnoBwx Bo,n:03a6opoB B ,n:OJIIIHe p. Bepe3IIHw B pa,n:IIyce
,n:o 8-9 KM OT r. CBeTJIOrOpcKa.
fop o,n: C JI 0 H H M pacnOJIOJKeH B 6JIarOnpH5ITHbIX YCJIOBH5IX ,n:JI5I op-
raHII33l(I1H ero X035IH:CTBeHHo-nHTbeBoro Bo,n:ocHa6JKeHII5I 3a cqeT no,n:3eM-
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K OC3):LOqHbIM OTJIOJKeHII5IM II BblBeTpeJIOH: 30He KpIICT3JIJIIIQeCKOrO <PYH,n:3-
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HbIH: Bo,n:03a60p, paCnOJIOlKeHHbIH: Ha 101:!<H0H: OKpaHHe ropO):La, B nOH:Me
p. IlI,apbI. OH COCTOHT H3 qeTbIpex CKBalKHH. PaCCT05IHI15I MelK,n:y HHMH CO-
CTaBJI5IIOT 65-130 .tt. OT p. IlI,apbI OHII y,n:aJIeHbI Ha 35-200 At. CKBaJKH-
HaMI1 3KCnJIyaTl1pYIOTC5I BO):LOHOCHbIe ropH30HTbI ,n:peBHe3J1JIIOBHaJIbHbIX H
MOCKOBCKO-):LHenpOBCKHX OTJIOJKeHHH, KOTopbIe He HMelOT BepXHero BO,n:O-
ynopHoro nepeKpblTH5I H rH):Lp3BJIHqeCKH CB5I3aHbI C p. Ill, 3 POH:. LI.e6HT
CKB31:!{HH COCT3BmleT 35-40 .tt 3 j t iaC npH nOHH1:!{eHHH ypOBHR COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO Ha 3,4 H 2 M. CTaTHqeCKHe YPOBHH B CKBalKHHax YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC5I Ha
rJIy6HHe ):LO 0,89 M OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIII. CYMMa pHbIH: ,n:e6HT qeTbIpex
CKBaJKHH B 1962 r. COCTaBJI5IJI 3 TbIC. M 3 j CYTKU.
KpoMe rpymJOBoro Bo,n:03a60pa Ha TeppHTopHH OT,n:eJIbHbIX npe,n:npH5I-
THH: r. CJIOHHMa 3KCrrJIyaTHpYIOTC5I O):LHHOqHWe CKB3JKHHbI.
I1epcneKTHBH35I nOTpe6HocTb r. CJIOHHMa B X035IH:CTBeHHO-nI1TbeBOH
Bo,n:e B KOJIHqeCTBe 25,2 TbIC. M 3 jCYTKU MOJKeT 6bITb y,n:oBJIeTBOpeHa 3a cqeT
3KCnJIyaT3l(HH BO,n:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB ,n:HenpoBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX, MOCKOB-
cKo-,n:HenpoBcKIIX II ,n:peBHeaJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIOJKeHHH:. LI.JI5I 3TIIX l(eJIeH
nOTpe6yeTC5I cTpOIITeJIbCTBO rpynnoBbIx BO):L03360pOB B ):LOJIHHe p. IlI,apbI
B p3):LHyce ,n:o 3-5 KM OT r. CJIOHHMa.
B p a H 0 Her. C JI Y l( K 3 npeCHbIe no,n:3eMHbIe BO):LbI CO):LepJKaTC5I
B qeTBepTHqHbIX, HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBbIX, BepXHeMeJIOBbIX H B BepXHeH q3CTH
,n:eBOHCKHX OTJIOJKeHHH:. I10):L3eMHbIe BO,n:bI, 60JIee rJIy60K03a.1Jer3IOIlI.HX
BO,n:OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB H KOMnJIeKCOB, HenpHro,n:HbI ):LJI5I nHTb5I.
Cpe,n:H qeTBepTHqHbIX OTJIOJKeHHlI BO,n:OHOCHbIMII 5IBJI5IIOTC5I COBpeMeH-
Hble aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIe, ,n:HenpOBCKO-MOCKOBCKHe H 6epe3HHCKO-):LHenpOBCKHe
Bo,n:HOJIe,n:HHKOBwe neCKH. MOIll.HOCTb BO,n:OHOCHoro ropH30HT3 MOCKOBCKO-
,n:HenpOBCKIIX OTJIOJKeHHH COCT3BJI5IeT 0,5-10,7 M. Y,n:eJIbHbIe ,n:e6HTw CKBa-




282 CY
ECTB. H B03MO)l(H. HCnOJIb30B. nO,Z:L3EMH. BO,Z:L ,Z:LJI5I
EJIEf'! BOLI.OCHAE.


1KHH KOJJe6JIIOTC5I OT 0,4 ,Z:LO 4 M 3 /'tac. f1be30MeTpHqeCKHe ypOBHH YCTaHaB-
JIHBaIOTC5I Ha 1,5-11,0 M HH1Ke HX YCTbeB. HH1KeJIe1Kalll.HH BO,Z:LOHOCHbli't
ropH30HT ,Z:LHerrpOBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX OT JI01KeIIHH MOlll.HOCTbIO 6-20 M 3aJIe-
raeT Ha rJIy6HHe 39,2-58,5 M. Y,Z:LeJIbHble ,Z:Le6HTbI CKBa1KHH, 3KCrrJIyaTHpyIO-
IlI.HX 3TOT BO,Z:LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT, paBHbI 0,14-10,2 M 3 /'tac. f1be30MeTpHqe-
CKHe YPOBHH HaXO,Z:L5ITC5I Ha r JIy6HHe ,Z:LO 2 M OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. B OT-
,Z:LeJIbHbIX CKBa1KHHaX OTMeqeHbI nbe30MeTpHqeCKHe ypOBHH Ha 0,5 M BbIllle
HX yCTbeB.
HH1Ke Ha rJIy6HHe OT 54 ,Z:LO 65 M 3aJIeraeT HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO-
,Z:LOHOCHbIH KOMnJIeKC MOIlI.HOCTbIO 6,5-17,8 M. BO,Z:LoBMelll.aIOllI.HMH rropo-
,Z:LaMH 5IBJI5IIOTC5I rreCKH MeJIKO- H Cpe,Z:LHe3epHHcTble. 1J.e6HT CKBa1KHH 9-
23 M 3 /'tac npH rrOHH1KeHHH ypOBH5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 10,5 H 1,0 M. f1be30-
MeTpHQeCKHe ypOBHH B HHX YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC5I Ha rJ1y6HHe 1,5-11,0 M OT
rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH.
CeHoH-TYPOHCKHH BO,Z:LOHOCHbIH ropH30HT MOlll.HOCTbIO 6,5-19,0 M 3aJIe-
raeT Ha rJIy6HHe 45-124 M H xapaKTepH3yeTC5I CJIa60H BO,Z:L006HJIbHOCTbIO.
Y,lI,eJIbHble ,lI,e6HTbI CKBa1KHH ,lI,OCTHraIOT 0,2 ftt 3 j'tac.
MOIlI.HOCTb HH)I(eJIe)l(alll.ero CJIa60Bo,lI,006HJIbHOrO ceHOMaHCKoro BO,lI,O-
HOCHoro I'OpH30HTa He npeBbIIllaeT 8,0 M.
B BepxHeH QaCTH TOJIIlI.H ,lI,eBOHCKHX OTJI01KeHHH MOIlI.HOCTbIO 19,0-
71,5 M CO,lI,ep)l(3TC5I npecHble BO,lI,bI. 3TH OTJ10)l(eHH5I BCKpbIBaIOTC5I Ha rJ1Y-
6HHe OT 87 ,lI,0 131 M. B rrpolJ,ecce OTKaQeK H3 CKB31KHH rrOJIYQeHbI ,lI,e6HTbI
7,4-79,9 M 3 /'tac rrpH rrOHH1KeHHH ypOBH5I COOTBeTCTBeHHo Ha 5,7 H 11.OM.
B HaCT05IllI.ee BpeM5I Ha TeppHTopHH r. CJIYlJ,Ka OT,lI,eJ1bHbIMH rrpe,lI,npH5I-
TH5IMH O,lI,HHOQHbIMH CKBa1KHHaMH 3KCrrJ1yaTHpYIOTC5I BO,lI,OHOCHble ropH-
30HTbI MOCKOBCK'O- ,lI,HerrpoBcKHX, ,lI,HerrpoBcKo-6epe3H HCKHX OT JIO)l(eHHH H
HeoreH-rraJIeOreHOBbIH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH KOMrrJ1eKC.
UepcneKTHBHa5I nOTpe6HocTb r. CJIYlJ,Ka B X035IHCTBeHHo-nHTbeBOH BO,lI,e
B 50 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU M01KeT 6bITb 06eCrreQeHa 3a CQeT 3KCnJIyaTalJ,HH HeoreH-
naJIeOreHOBoro BO,lI,OHOCHOro KOMnJIeKCa H BO,lI,OHOCHOro ropH3'OHTa ,lI,Herr-
pOBcKo-6epe3HHcKHX OT JIo1KeHHH. OT60p 3Toro KOJIHQeCTBa BO,lI,bI MO)l(eT
6
Tb 06eCneQeH rrYTeM cTpOHTeJIbCTBa rpyrrnoB
x BO,lI,03a60poB B ,lI,OJIHHe
p. CJIYQb B pa,lI,Hyce ,lI,0 4-6 KM OT r. CJIYlJ,Ka.
B r. Co JI H r 0 p C K e HCTOQHHKOM X035IHCTBeHHo-rrHTbeBoro BO,lI,oCHa6-
1KeHH5I CJ1Y1K3T nO,lI,3eMHble BO,lI,bI.
4eTBepTHQHble OTJI01KeHH5I B paHoHe r. COJIHrOpCKa HMeIOT MOlll.HOCTb
52,9-77,0 M. OHH CJIO)l(eHbI cOBpeMeHHbIMH aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIMH, BO,lI,HOJ1e,lI,-
HHKOBbIMH H J1e,lI,HHKOBbIMH OTJ101KeHH5IMH 6epe3HHcKoro, ,lI,HenpoBcKoro H
MOCKOBCKoro OJIe,lI,eHeHHH. fpYHToBble BO,lI,bI 06bIQHO 3arp5I3HeHbI. Bo,lI,o-
06HJ1bHOCTb BO,lI,OHOCHbIX ropH30HTOB MOCKOBCKo-,lI,HenpoBcKHX H ,lI,HerrpoB-
cKo-6epe3HHcKHX OTJI01KeHHH He3HaQHTeJ1bHa5I.
B OCHOBaHHH QeTBepTHQH
X OT JI01KeHHH 3aJIeraeT HeoreH-rraJIeOreHO-
BbIH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC MOlll.HOCTbIO 6,0-35,6 M. BO,lI,oBMelll.aIOIlI.HMH
5IBJI5IIOTC5I rreCKH MeJ1KO- H Cpe,lI,He3epHHcTble.
HH)I(e Ha rJIy6HHe nOp5I,lI,Ka 90 M 3aJIeraeT ceHoH-TYPOHCKHH BO,lI,OHOC-
HbIH ropH30HT MOlll.HOCTbIO 14-15 M. BO,lI,006HJIbHOCTb ero He3HaQHTeJIb-
Ha5I. 1J.e6HT CKBa1KHH ,lI,OCTHraeT 0,8 M 3 /'tac rrpH noHH1KeHHH ypOBH5I Ha 34 M.
B r. COJIHrOpCKe HMeJIOCb TPH rpynrroBblx BO,lI,03a60pa.
BO,lI,03a60p Ha rrpOMnJIOlll.a,lI,Ke, HaXo,lI,5IllI.eHC5I B 1,5 KM K ceBepy OT
r. COJIHrOpCKa, COCTOHT H3 IlleCTH CKBa1KHH. B 1963 r. pa60TaJIH TPH CKBa-
1KHHbI C ,lI,e6HTaMH 50-80 M 3 /'tac. CYMMapHa5I npoH3Bo,lI,HTeJIbHOCTb Tpex
CKBa1KHH, 3KCrrJ1yaTHpYIOIlI.HX HeoreH-naJIeOreHOBbIH BO,lI,OHOCHbIH KOMrrJIeKC,
COCTaBJ15IeT 4,8 TbIC. M 3 /CYTKU.
fpynnoBoH BO,lI,03a60p Ha BTOPOM COJIHrOpCKoM KaJIHHHOM KOM6HHaTe
pacrrOJIO)l(eH B 6 KM K ceBepO-3arra,lI,y OT r. COJIHrOpcKa. OH COCTOHT H3
ceMH CKBa1KHH, 060pY,lI,oBaHHblx <pHJIbTpaMH B HHTepBaJIe HeoreH-naJIeOre-




r .!lARA VI
OXPAHA nO.ll.3EMHbiX BOA


BypHoe pa3BHTHe npOMbIlIl.lIeHHOCTH H Ce.lIbCKoro X035IHCTBa B Be,TIO-
PYCCKOH CCP 3a nOC.lIeBOeHHble rO.1J:bI BbI3BaJIO 3HaqHTeJIbHOe YBeJIHqeHHe
MOUJ,HOCTH KOMMYHaJIbHbIX H Be.1J:OMCTBeHHblX BO.1J:03a60poB rrO.1J:3eMHblX BO.1J:
H 60JIblilOH pOCT 06'beMOB 3KCrrJIyaTall,HOHHOro 6ypeHH5I Ha BO.1J:Y. LLOCTa-
TOqHO YKa3aTb, qTO eUJ,e B 1962 r. B p5I.1J:e ropO.1J:OB (MHHCK, fOMe.lIb, Mo-
rIIJIeB, BI1Te6cK H .1J:p.) cYMMapHa5I rrp0I13BO.1J:I1TeJIbHOCTb BO.1J:03a60poB Y)Ke
COCTaBJI5IJIa OT 50 .1J:0 230 TbIC. M. 3 /CYTK.U H 6bIJIO BBe.1J:eHO B 3KCrrJIyaTall,HIO
Ha TeppI1TOpHH pecrry6JIHKH 60JIee 1500 CKBa)KI1H Ha BO.1J:Y. TaK'oe HHTeH-
CHBHoe I1 BceB03pacTaIOUJ,ee I1CrrOJIb30BaHI1e rrO.1J:3eMHbIX BO.1J: .1J:JI5I lI,eJIeH
BO.1J:OCHa6)KeHI15I Tpe6yeT opraHH3all,HH HaI160JIee pall,HOHa.lIbHOH 3KCrrJIya-
Tall,HH BO.1J:OHOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB I1 06eCrreqeHI15I Ha.1J:e)KHOH oxpaHbI HX OT
HCTOUJ,eHH5I H 3arp5I3HeHH5I.
3a noc.lIe.1J:HHe rO.1J:bI B COOTBeTCTBI1e C rrOCTaHOBJleHH5IMH npaBHTeJIb-
CTBa CCCP 6bIJIH rrpHH5ITbI MepbI rro .1J:a.lIbHeHlIleMY pa3BI1THIO I1 Y.lIyqlIle-
HI110 rr0I1CKOBO-pa3Be.1J:OQHbIX pa60T Ha rrO.1J:3eMHble BO.1J:bI, YCH.lIeHI1IO CaHI1Tap-
HOH oxpaHbI rrO.1J:3eMHbIX I1 rrOBepXHOCTHbIX HCTOqHI1KOB BO.1J:OCHa6)KeHH5I,
ynop5I.1J:OqeHHIO 6ypeHI15I 3KCrrJIyaTall,HOHHbIX I1 p a3Be.1J:OqHO-3KCrrJIyaTa-
lI,HOHHbIX CKBa)KHH Ha BO.1J:Y. B pe3Y.lIbTaTe 3THX Mep y)Ke Ha MHorHX BO.1J:O-
3a60pax CYUJ,eCTBeHHO Y.lIyqUII1JIOCb CaHI1TapHO-TeXHHQeCKOe COCT05IHI1e BO-
.1J:03a6opHbIX coopY)KeHI1H I1 C06JIIO.1J:aIOTC5I YCTaHOB.lIeHHble pe)KHMbI 3KC-
rrJIyaTall,HI1 rrO.1J:3eMHbIX BO.1J: H pe)KI1MbI 30H CaHI1TapHOH OXpaHbI.
nOCT05IHHOe OCYUJ,eCTB.lIeHHe MepOrrpH5ITHH rro yrrop5I.1J:OQeHHIO HCrrO.lIb-
30BaHI15I H oxpaHbI rrO.1J:3eMHbIX BO.1J:, 5IB.lI5IIOUJ,I1XC5I Ba)KHeHlIleH 3a.1J:aQeH KaK
rH.1J:poreOJIOrHQeCKOH CJIY)K6bI pecrry6JII1KH, TaK I1 Bcex opraHH3all,I1H H
rrpe.1J:rrpH5ITHH, rr03BOJIHT 06eCrreQHTb HaI160JIee pall,HOHaJIbHYIO 3KCrrJIyaTa-
lI,HIO B0.1J:0HOCHbIX ropH30HTOB H .1J:JII1Te.lIbHOe coxpaHeHHe xopOlilero KaQe-
CTBa nO.1J:3eMHbIX BO.1J:. BMeCTe C 3TI1M CJIe.1J:yeT OTMeTI1Tb, QTO .1J:0 rrOCJIe.1J:-
Hero BpeMeHH co CTOpOHbI MeCTHbIX X035IHCTBeHHbIX OpraHI13all,HH He Y.1J:e-
JI5IJIOCb .1J:OCTaTOQHOrO BHHMaHI15I 3TI1M Ba)KHbIM BorrpocaM.
CTpOI1Te.lIbCTBO BO.1J:03a60pOB HHor.1J:a rrp0I13BO.1J:HJIOCb 6e3 .1J:eTaJIbHbIX
rH.1J:poreOJIOrHQeCKHX HCCJIe.1J:OBaHHH H caHHTapHoro 06CJIe.1J:OBaHH5I paHOHOB
pacnOJIO)KeHI15I BO.1J:03a60pHbIX coopY)KeHHH, a Ha YQaCTKaX, OTBe.1J:eHHbIX
.1J:JI5I rrOJIeH cpHJIbTpall,I1I1, 6I10JIOmQeCKHX rrpY.1J:OB, CBaJIOK Mycopa I1 CKJIa-
.1J:HpOBaHH5I OTXO.1J:OB np0I13BO.1J:CTBa, He rrpe.1J:YCMaTpI1BaJIOCb rrpOBe.1J:eHHe
MepOrrpH5ITI1H rro npe.1J:OTBpaUJ,eHI11O 3arp5I3HeHH5I rrO.1J:3eMHbIX BO.1J:. He 06ec-
rreQI1BaJIaCb He06xo.1J:HMa5I OQHCTKa rrpOMbIlIl.lIeHHbIX H X035IHCTBeHHO-6bITO-
BbIX CTOQHbIX BO.1J:, a c6poc HX He 6bIJI yrrop5I.1J:OQeH. Bce 3TO B p5I.1J:e paHO-
HOB BCCP rrpHBeJIO K 3arp5I3HeHI1IO rroBepxHocTHbIX BO.1J:OTOKOB H BO.1J:0t:;-
MOB, OT.1J:eJIbHbIX YQaCTKOB rrOQBbI H B0.1J:OHOCHbIX rOpI130HTOB, a TaK)Ke B03-
HHKHOBeHI11O 60.lIblIlI1X nOHI1)KeHHH YPOBHeH rrO.1J:3eMHbIX BO.1J: B rrpe.1J:e.lIax
OT.1J:eJIbHbIX TeppHTOpI1H.
B HaCT05IUJ,ee BpeM5I I1MeIOTC5I .1J:aHHble 0 rrpI13HaKaX 3arp5I3HeHH5I BO-
.1J:OHOCHOro ropH30HTa MOCKOBCKO-.1J:HerrpOBCKHX OT.lIO)KeHHH Ha TeppHTopHH
r. MHHCKa H rrpOMrrJIOUJ,a.1J:Ke COJIHrOpCKoro Ka.lII1HHOro KOM6I1HaTa N2 1,
a TaK)Ke aJIJllOBHaJIbHbIX BO.1J: B paHoHax KpyrrHblX rrpOMbIlIlJIeHHbIX rop'o.1J:oB.
KaQeCTBO BO.1J: 3Toro Me)KMOpeHHoro rOpI130HTa 3aBI1CI1T OT MOUJ,HOCTH
11 CTerreHH BO.1J:OrrpOHHlI,aeMOCTH nOKpbIBaIOUJ,eH ero MOCKOBCKOH MopeHbI,
xapaKTepa CB5I3H Me)KMOpeHHblx BO.1J: C rroBepxHocTHbIMH BO.1J:aMI1, a TaK)Ke
OT CaHI1TapHoro COCT05IHI15I H 6JIaroYCTpoHcTBa TeppHTOpHI1 ropo.1J:a.
Ha yQaCTKaX rpyrrrroBbIx BO.1J:03a60poB MHHCKoro «BO.1J:OKaHaJITpecTa»,
Y.1J:aJIeHHbIX .1J:0 5 K.M. OT lI,eHTpa ropo.1J:a H HaXO.1J:5IUJ,HXC5I B Y.1J:OBJIeTBOpH-
TeJIbHOM caHHTapHoM COCT05IHHH, BO.1J:bI Me)KMOpeHHoro ropH30HTa I1MeIOT
xopornee KaQeCTBO H Ha rrpOT5I)KeHHI1 .1J:JIHTeJIbHOro rrepHO.1J:a pa60TbI BO.1J:O-




OXPAHA nO:D.3EMHbIX BOJJ:


285


3a6opOB (15-25 JIeT) XHMHqeCKHH COCTaB HX OCTaeTC5I nOCTo5IHHbIM.
HHa5I KapTHHa Ha6JIIO)!,aeTC5I Ha yqaCTKaX, npHMbIKaIOIlI.HX K peKaM
CBHCJIOqH, CJIen5IHKe H 6HOJIOrHqeCKHM npy)!,aM ropo)!,a. 3)!,ecb KaqeCTBO
BO)!,bI B 60JIbIIIHHCTBe 3KCnJIyaTall,HOHHbIX CKBa)KHH 3aMeTHO YXY)!,IllaeTe5I
3a CqeT YBeJIHqeHH5I 06IlI.eH MHHepaJIH3all,HH, co)!,ep)KaHH5I XJIOpH)!,OB, KaJIb-
lI,H5I H MarHH5I. Bee 3TO rOBopHT 0 B03MO)KHbIX nYT5IX 3arp5I3HeHH5I Me)KMO-
peHHoro BO)!,OHOCHoro ropH30HTa, HCTOqHHKOM KOToporo 5IBJI5IIOTC5I peKH
CBHCJIOqb, CJIen5IHKa H 6Ho<TJOrrrqeCKIfe npY)!,bI.
YKa3aHHble peKH CJIY)KaT npHeMHHKaMH CHJIbH03arp5I3HeHHblx CTOqHbIX
BO)!, npOMblIIIJIeHHblX npe)!,npH5ITHH r. MHHCKa.
Ha6JIIO)!,eHH5IMH MHHCKOH caH3nH)!,eMHOJIOrHqeCKOH CTaHlI,HH H BeJIo-
pyccKoro HayqHO-HCCJIe)!,OBaTeJIbCKOrO caHHTapHo-rHrHeHHqeCKOrO HHCTH-
TYTa B 1962-1963 rr. YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO co)!,ep)KaHHe 3arp5I3H5IIOIlI.HX KOM-
nOHeHTOB B Bo)!,e peK CBHCJIOqH H CJIen5IHKH nOCTeneHHO B03pacTaeT OT
ceBepHoH )!,O IO)KHOH rpaHHlI,bI ropo)!,a H B paHoHe Bo)!,oxpaHHJIHIlI.a aBTO-
3aBo)!,a CTaHOBHTC5I BeCbMa BbICOKHM (NH 4 + - 6-9 MeIA, Cb- - 50-
60 Me/A, OKHCJI5IeMOCTb 13-15 Me 02/A, 6HOXHMHqeCKa5I nOTpe6HOCTb KHC-
JIopo)!,a 3a n5ITb CYTOK, BDKs - 50-60 MeIA).
DocTynJIeHHe (tPHJIbTpall,H5I) 3arp5I3HeHHbIX peqHbIX BO)!, B Me)KMOpeH-
HbIH BO)!,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT npOHCXOJI,HT qepe3 «OKHa» B MOCKOBCKOH MO-
peHe H qepe3 OTHOCHTeJIbHO Bo)!,onpOHHlI,aeMble nopo)!,bI (cynecH If )!,p.).
Dpoll,ecc 3TOT )Ke 60JIee YCHJIHBaeTC5I npH 3KCnJIyaTall,HH Me)KMOpeHHbIX
BO)!, BO)!,03a60pHbIMH coopY)KeHH5IMH, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIMlI B npH6pe)KHbIX
30Hax peK.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO 3a nepHO)!, C 1958 )!,o 1962 r. B BQ)!,e MHorHX CKBa-
)KHH Ha yqaCTKaX, npHMbIKaIOIlI.HX K peKaM CBHCJIOqH 1I CJIen5IHKe, Ha6JIIO-
)!,aeTC5I pOCT XJIOpH)!,OB Ha 10-30 Mel//., KaJIbll,H5I Ha 10-20 Mel//., MarHH5I
Ha 1-7 Mcj//., 06IlI.eH )KeCTKOCTH Ha 0,5-3 Me' 3K81A.
OTHOCHTeJIbHO nOBbIIlleHHoe co)!,ep)KaHHe B Bo)!,e Me)KMOpeHHoro ropH-
30HTa OpraHHqeCKHX BeIlI.eCTB (OKHCJI5IeMOCTb )!,O 3 Me/ A) H )KeJIe3a ()!,o
0,5-3 Me/A) TaK)Ke, nO-BH)!,HMOMY, CJIe)!,yeT OTHeCTH 3a CqeT 3arp5I3HeHH5I
BO)!,OHOCHoro ropH30HTa nOBepXHOCTHblMH Bo)!,aMH. <t> pOHT 3arp5I3HeHH5I
rrO)!,3eMHbIX BO)!, pacnpOCTpaH5IeTC5I OT 6eperOB peK CBHCJIOqH H CJIen5IHKH
B lI,eHTpaJIbHOH qaCTH ropo)!,a, rrpHMepHO, Ha 300-500 At, a Ha IO)KHOH
OKpaHHe ero Ha 700-1000 M.
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287


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288


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rO.LI.bI .LI.alOT oCHOBaHHe rOBopHTb 0 CHIf)KeHIfIf YPOBHeH rrO)];3eMHbIx BO.LI. Ha
yqaCTKaX OT)];eJIbHbIX BO.LI.03a60pOB, B pe3YJIbTaTe oT60pa 60JIbIIIHX KOJIH-
qeCTB BO)];bI.
DpHMepaMH TaKoro 3aMeTHoro CHH)KeHIf>f YPOBHeH BO)];bI MorYT CJIY-
)KIfTb .LI.aHHbIe rro I1H)KHeKeM6pHHCKOMY (r.LI.OBCKOMY) BO)];OHOCHOMY KOM-
IweKcy B paHOHe r. MHHCKa H MOCKOBCKO-.LI.HerrpOBCKoro Me)KMOpeHHoro
BO.LI.OHOCHoro ropIf30HTa B r. DO.JIOI1.Ke.




OXPAHA nO)],3EMHbIX BO)],


289


¥IHTeHClfBHaH 3KCnJJyaTaU:lfH r)],OBCKOrO BO)],OHOCHOro rOplf30HTa
B r.
lfHCKe HaqaJJaCb C 1957--1958 rr. 6e3 npe)],BaplfTeJJbHOll ou:eHKlf
3KCnJJyaTaU:lfoHHbIX 3anaCOB ero BO)],.
B nocJJe)],Y!Olll.lfe rO)],bI BO)],00T60p lf3 3TOro roplf30HTa npo)],OJJm:aJJ
HenpepbIBHo B03pacTaTb If B 1962 r. )],OCTlfr 52 TbIC. M 3 /cYTKu.
LLaHHble no pem:lfMY 3KCnJJyaTaU:lflf Hlfm:HeKeM6plfllcKlfX BO)]" c06paH-
Hble If 0606lll.eHHble BeJJOpyccKOll rlf)],poreoJJOrlfqeCKOll cTaHU:lfell YnpaB-
JJeHlfH reOJJOrlflf npIl C
 BCCP, n03BOJJHJJlf yCTaHoBlfTb, qTO C 1957 r.
B CBH3lf C pOCTOM BO)].00T60pa Ha6JJ!O)].aeTcH CHIlm:eHlfe nbe30MeTplfqeCKOro
YPOBHH r)].OBCKoro BO)].OHOCHoro KOMnJJeKCa H pa3BlfTlfe paHoHHoH )].enpec-
ClfOHHOll BOpOHKlf. K 1962 r. )].lfHaMlfqeCKlfe YPOBHlf BO)].bI B 3KCnJJyaTa-
U:HOHHbIX CKBam:IlHax B u:eHTpaJJbHOll qaCTlf ropo)].a onycTlfJJlfCb )].0 rJJY-
6lfHbI 80--100 M, BCJJe)].CTBlfe qero pe3KO CHlf3lfJJIlCb )].e6lfTbI OT
eJJbHbIX
CKBam:lfH.
Dpo)].oJJm:a!Olll.eeCH no)]. BJJlfHHlfeM 3KCnJJyaTaU:lflf cpOpMlfpoBaHlfe 06-
nmpHoH paHoHHoll )].enpecclfoHHOll BOpOHKlf H CBH3aHHoe C 3TIlM CHlfm:eHlfe
)].lfHaMIlqeCKOrO ypOBHH B pH)].e 3KCnJJyaTaU:lfoHHbIX CKBam:lfH )].omKHO
6bITb paccMoTpeHo C TOqKlf 3peHlfH paU:lfoHaJJbHOrO pacnOJJom:eHlfH CKBa-
}!{lfH Ha 3TOT BO)].OHOCHbIll roplf30HT B palloHe r.
lfHcKa, If YCTaHOBJleHlfH
)].onycTlfMoH Harpy3Klf Ha CKBam:lfHy.
He06xo)].lfMO OTMeTlfTb, qTO CHIlm:eHlfe YPOBHH npecHbIX HanopHblx
BO)]. r)].OBCKoro BO)].OHOCHoro KOMnJJeKCa He conpOBom:)].aeTCH lf3MeHeHlfeM
IlX XlfMlfqeCKOrO COCTaBa, qTO, nO-Blf)].lfMOMy, rOBoplfT 0 Ha)].em:HOH ero 3a-
lll.lfTe Bo)].oynopHbIMlf nopo)].aMlf.
O)].HaKO B )].aJJbHellIIIeM nplf lfHTeHClfBHOll 3KcnJlyaTaU:lflf r)].OBCKoro
BO)].OHOCHoro KOMnJJeKCa If CHIlm:eHlflf )].enpeCClfOHHOH BOpOHKlf MO}!{eT B03-
HlfKHYTb onaCHoCTb nOBblIIIeHlfH MlfHepaJJlf3aU:IlIl BO)].bI 3Toro KOMnJJeKCa
3a CqeT nO)].TOKa CHlf3y MlfHepaJJlf30BaHHbIX XJJOplf)].HO-HaTplfeBbIX BO)]..
B u:eJJHX yCTaHOBJJeHIlH )].onYCTlfMbIX CHlf}!{eHlfll YPOBHell BO
bI nplf
3KCnJJyaTaU:lflf CKBam:lfH If npe)].OTBpalll.eHlfH B03Mom:Horo 3aCOJJeHlfH BO)].bI,
Re06xo)].lfMO paCCMOTpeTb Bonpoc 0 npeKpalll.eHlflf 6ypeHlfH HOBbIX CKBa-
JKlfH, OCYlll.eCTBlfTb MeponplfHTlfH no paccpe)].OTOqeHlf!O If qaCTlfqHOMY
YMeHbIIIeHlf!O BO)].00T60pa lf3 r)].OBCKoro BO)].OHOCHoro KOMnJJeKCa Ha Tep-
plfTOplflf ropo)].a {: yqeTOM eCTeCTBeHHbIX If 3KCnJJyaTaU:lfOHHbIX pecypCOB.
BMeCTe C 3TlfM CJJe)].yeT npO)].OJJ}!{aTb ClfCTeMaTlfqeCKOe Ha6JJ!O)].eHlfe 3a
.n.e6lfTOM, YPOBHHMlf If KaqeCTBOM BO)].bI Ha 3KCnJJyaTaU:lfOHHbIX CKBam:lf-
Hax C TeM, qT06bI B 6JJlfm:allIIIlfe )].Ba-Tplf ro)].a nOJJyqIlTb MaTeplfaJJbI )].JJH
nO)].CqeTa 3KCnJJyaTaU:lfOHHbIX 3anaCOB npeCHbIX BO)]. B pallOHe r.
lfHCKa
H onpe)].eJJeHIlH OnTlfMaJJbHOro pem:lfMa 3KCnJJyaTaU:lflf BO)].03a60pHbIX Co'
QPym:eHIlll.
DpaKTlfKa lfCnOJJb30BaHlfH nO)].3eMHbIX BO)]. )].JJH X03HllCTBeHHo-nlfTbe-
Boro BO)].OCHa6m:eHlfH B r. DOJJOU:Ke lf3 BO)].OHOCHoro roplf30HTa MOCKOB-
CKO-)].HenpOBCKlfX OTJJom:eHlfll )].aeT xapaKTepHbIH nplfMep no)].caCbIBaHlfH
MIlHepaJJlf30BaHHMX BO)]. cpe)].Hero )].eBOHa B npou:ecce 3KCnJJyaTaU:lflf
BO)].03a60pa.
BO)].OHOCHbIll roplf30HT MOCKOBCKO- )].HenpOBCKlfX OT JJom:eHlfll, co)].ep-
)Kalll.lfll HanopHble . npelfMYlll.eCTBeHHO rlf)].poKap60HaTHO-XJJOPlf)].HO-KaJJb-
IJ,lfeBO-MarHIleBble BO)].bI C MlfHepaJJlf3aU:lfell .)].0 0,5--0,6 ciA, nOBceMeCTHO
pacnpOCTpaHeH Ha TepplfToplflf r. DOJJOU:Ka If 3KCnJJyaTlfpyeTcH He60JJb-
llilfM KOJJlfqeCTBOM O)].lfHOqHbIX 6YPOBbIX CKBam:lfH )].JJH u:eJJell X03HllCTBeH-
Ho-nIlTbeBoro BO)].OCHa6m:eHlfH MeJJKlfX npOMbIIIIJJeHHbIX npe)].nplfHTlfll If
X03HllCTBeHHbIX opraHlf3aUlfll ropo)].a.
B npou:ecce 3KCnJJyaTaU:lflf BO)].03a60pHbIX coopym:eHlfll nOJJOU:Koro
Bo)].onpOBo)].a Ha6JJ!O)].aJJOCb nporpeCClfpY!Olll.ee yxy)].llIeHlfe KaqeCTBa BO)].bI
Mem:MopeHHoro roplf30HTa. TaK, no lfMe!Olll.lfMCH )].aHHbIM 3a neplfO)].
C 1930--1935 no 1948 r., MlfHepaJJlf3aU:lfH BO)].bI lf3 CKBam:lfH ropo)].cKoro
19 3aK. 04368




1290


aXPAHA IlO,Z:L3EMHbIX Ba,Z:L


Ba,Z:Lanp9Ba,Z:La YBeJIIIqIIJIaCb C 0,5 ,Z:La 1,0 ZjA, a6Il1.a5I m:eCTKaCTb C 6,42-
7,14 ,Z:La 12,5 .M2. aK8, a ca,Z:Lepm:aHIIe B Ba,Z:Le XJIapII,Z:LaB Ba3paCJIa C 13-
100 ,Z:La 426 .M2/ A.
B npa6e Ba,Z:LbI, OTa6paHHaH II3 CKB. 2 B IIlOJIe 1948 r. aTMeqaJIaCb Ha-
JUlqIIe cYJIb<jJaTaB B KaJIIIqeCTBe 70 .M2/A, a HaTpII5I II KaJIII5I (B cYMMe)
aKaJIa 196 .M2/A, B TO' BpeM5I KaK B HaqaJIe 3KCnJIyaTal(IIII CKBam:IIH ca-
,Z:Lepm:aHIIe B Ba,Z:Le CYJIb<jJaTaB He npeBbIIIIaJIa 10-15 .MzjA, a lll.eJIaqHbIX
MeTaJIJIaB 1O-40.M2/A.
KaK BIf,Z:LHa, 3a YKa3aHHbIH nepIIa,Z:L Ha p5I,Z:LY C YBeJIIIqeHIfeM a6lll.etL
MIfHepaJIII3al(IIIf npaIICXa,Z:LIfJIa II3MeHeHIIe II TIfna MIIHepaJIIf3al(IfII Mem:Ma-
peHHwx Ba,Z:L II eCJIII B HaqaJIe nepIIa,Z:La 3TII Ba,Z:LW 5IBJI5IJIIfCb rII,Z:LpaKap6a-
HaTHa-XJIapII,Z:LHa-KaJIbl(IIeBa-MarHIIeBbIMII, TO' B KaHl(e era aHII CTaJIIf XJIa-
pH,Z:LHa- rII,Z:LpaKa p6aHa THa- Ha TpIfeBa-KaJIbl(IIeBa-MarHIIeBbIMII. T aKae 3Ha qIf-
TeJIbHae 3aCaJIeHIfe Ba,Z:LW MaCKaBCKa-,Z:LHenpaBCKara rapIf3aHTa Ha yqaCTKe
OaJIal(Kara Ba,Z:La3a6apa, C,Z:LeJIaBillee ee HenpIIra,Z:LHaH ,Z:LJI5I nIITbeBbIX If
Xa35IHCTBeHHbIX Ha,Z:La6HaCTeH, 5IBIfJIaCb CJIeJ],CTBIfeM na,Z:LCaCbIBaHIf5I npII
3KCnJIyaTal(IIIf Ba,Z:La3a6apa XJIapIf,Z:LHa-CYJIb<jJaTHa-HaTpIfeBbIX Ba,Z:L ,Z:LeBaHa.
B CB5I3If C 3TIfM B 1949 r. 3KCnJIyaTal(If5I CKBam:IIH naJIal(Karo Ba,Z:LalIpa-
Ba,Z:La 6bIJIa npeKpalll.eHa If Ba,Z:LaCHa6m:eHIfe rapa,Z:La nepeBe,Z:LeHa Ha IIaBepX-
HaCTHbIe Ba,Z:LbI (p. 3alI. ):(BIIHa).
3aCaJIeHIfe npecHbIx na,Z:L3eMHbIX Ba,Z:L B OaJIal(KaM paHaHe IIpaIICXa-
,Z:LIfT II B HaCTa5Illl.ee BpeM5I. DO' ,Z:LaHHbIM M. <P. Ka3JIaBa, npIf 3KCnJIyaTa-
l(IIIf CKB. 2 C ,Z:Le6IfTaM aKaJIa 40 .M 3 /tf.ac, pacnaJIa)KeHHaH Ha TeppIfTapIfI1'
IIac. OaJIal(Kara II BCKpbIBilieH TapTycKIfH Ba,Z:LaHaCHbIH rapIf3aHT, 33
nepIIa,Z:L C CeHT5I6p5I 1960 r. nO' aBryCT 1961 r. Ha6JIlO,Z:LaJlacb YBeJIIfqeHIIe
MIfHepaJIIf3al(IIII Ba,Z:LbI C 552 )(0' 588 .M2/A, ca,Z:Lep)KaHIfe XJIapa C 112,3 )(0'.
138,0 .M2/A If lll.eJIaqHbIX MeTaJIJIaB (Na++K+) C 63,3 ,Z:La 69,7 .M2/A. Pac-
qeTbI naKa3bIBalOT, qTa eCJIII 3aCaJIeHIfe IIIBeHTaiIcKa-TapTycKara Ba,Z:LaHaC-
Hara KaMnJIeKCa 3,Z:LeCb 6Y,Z:LeT npaIICXa,Z:LIITb II B ,Z:LaJIbHeHilleM C TaKaH
HHTeHCIIBHaCTblO, TO' qepe3 10-12 JIeT aHIf MorYT CTaTb HenpIfro,Z:LHbIMII
,Z:LJI5I IIIfTb5I If Xa35IHCTBeHHbIx Ha,Z:La6HacTeH.
Bce 3Ta na3BaJI5IeT 3aKJIlOqIfTb, qTa Ha yqaCTKaX, npIfMbIKalOlll.IIX
K 3an. ):(BIfHe B OaJIal(KaM paHaHe, IIpIf caCpe,Z:LaTaqeHHaJ\! aT6ape Ba,Z:LbI
II3 Mem:MapeHHara IIJIIf IIIBeHTaHcKa-Ta pTycKara Ba,Z:LaHaCHbIX rapII3aHTaB,
Ma)KeT npaII3aHTIf aTHaCIfTeJIbHa 6bIcTpae 3aCaJIeHIIe 3TIIX rapII3aHTaB.
OTClO,Z:La CJIe,Z:LyeT, qTa B npIf6pe)KHaH 3aHe peKII YKa3aHHbIe rapII3aHTbI He
MarYT 5IBJI5ITbC5I IICTaqHIfKaMII IIaCTa5IHHara Ba,Z:LaCHa6)KeHIf5I KPYIIHbIX
Ba,Z:LaliaTpe6IfTeJIeH. O,Z:LHaKa He IICKJIlOqaeTC5I Ba3Ma)KHaCTb IIClIaJIb3aBa-
HII5I 3,Z:LeCb npeCHbIX na,Z:L3eMHbIX Ba,Z:L aT,Z:LeJIbHbIMIf KaJIXa3aMIf, CaBxa3aMIf
II He6aJIbIIIIfMII npaMbIIIIJIeHHbIMII npe,Z:LlIpII5ITIf5IMIf, IIaTpe6HaCTb B Ba,Z:Le
KaTapbIX a6bIqHa He npeBbIIIIaeT 5-10 .M 3 /tf.ac. OpII 3TaM Hea6xa,Z:LIIMO
CTpara Ca6JIlO,Z:LaTb YCT3.HaBJIeHHbIH pe)KIfM 3KCIIJIyaTal(IIIf Ba,Z:La3a6apHbIx
caaPY)KeHIIH, IICKJIlOqalOlll.IIH npe)K,Z:LeBpeMeHHae 3aCaJIeHIIe Ba,Z:LaHaCHara
rapII3aHTa, a TaK)Ke npaBa,Z:LIfTb CIICTeMaTIfqeCKIfe Ha6JIlO,LJ,eHII5I 3a ypaB-
H5IMII, ,Z:Le6IITaM If KaqeCTBaM Ba,Z:LbI Ha Bcex 3KCnJIyaTal(IIaHHbIx CKBa-
)KIfHax.
OpIfBe,Z:LeHHbIe CJIyqaII HapYilieHII5I pe)KIIMa na,Z:L3eMHbIX Ba,Z:L B aCHaB-
HaM aTHaC5ITC5I K nepIIa,Z:Ly ,Z:La .1960 r., Kar,Z:La BanpacaM axpaHbI IIa,Z:L3eM-
HbIX IICTaqHIfKaB Ba,Z:LaCHa6)KeHII5I elll.e He y,Z:LeJI5IJIaCb ,Z:LaCTaTaqHara BHIf-
MaIIII5I.
B HaqaJIe 1960 r. B caaTBeTCTBIIII C naCTaHaBJIeHIIeM OpaBIITeJIbCTBa'
CCCP 6bIJIIf pa3pa6aTaHbI II B HaCTa5Illl.ee BpeM5I BbIDaJIH5IlOTC5I Mepa-
npII5ITIf5I nO' ynap5I,Z:LaqeHIIlO IIClIaJIb3aBaHII5I na,Z:L3eMHbIX Ba,Z:L If YCIIJIeHIfIO-
IIX axpaHbI aT IICTalll.eHII5I If 3arp5I3HeHII5I. C 3Tara )Ke BpeMeHII YnpaBJIe-
HIIeM reaJIarIIII npII CM ECCP aCYlll.eCTBJI5IeTC5I roCY,Z:LapCTBeHHbIH KaH-
TpaJIb 3a IICnaJIb3aBaHIfeM II axpaHaH na,Z:L3eMHbIX Ba,Z:L Ha TeppIfTapHH.




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291


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nJIyaTaIJ,HOHHble, CTpOHTeJIbCTBO H nepeo6opY)];OBaHHe BO)];03a6opHbIX co-
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I'H;:J;PorEOJIOrl1'-IECK YICJlOBH5I PA3PAEOTI\H MECTOPO)K,ZJ:. I\AJlHRHblX COJlER 295


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npHHTHbIMH rH;:J;poreOJlOrHlJeCKHMH YCJIOBHHMH H, r;:J;e nOJIe3HaH TOJIlll.a 3
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B rrOCJleBOeHHble rO;:J;bl B BeJIOPYCCHH 6blJlO BblHBJIeHO H pa3Be;:J;aHo
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JIHllHbIX COJlell B HaCTOHlll.ee BpeMH pa3pa6aTbIBaeTCH waXTHblM cnoco-
60M COJIHrOpCKHM KaJlHllHblM KOM6HHaToM N!! 1 (ro;:J;oBaH ;:J;06bllJa CbIpblX
KaJlHllHblX COJlell COCTaBJIHeT 6 MJlH. T). CelllJaC CTpOHTCH BTOpOll H
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IlJ,erOCH KaJIHllHOrO KOM6HHa Ta Ha r JIy6HHe 464,53 H 601,54 M.
nepeKpblBaeTcH COJIeHOCHaH CBHTa rJ1HHHcTo-MepreJIHCTbIMH (Ha;:J;co'
JIeBbIMH) 06pa30BaHHHMH Toro JKe B03pacTa. Ha Ha;:J;cOJIeBOll CBHTe 3aJIe-
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KOTOpblX He npeBblwaeT 147 M. MOIll.HOCTb rJIHHHCTO-MepreJlHCTOll TOJlIll.H
paBHa 238-267 M.
rOpHo-TeXHHlJeCKHe H rH';:J;poreOJlOrHlJeCKHe YCJIOBHH waXTHoro nOJIH
QJlarOnpHHTHbl ;:J;JIH 3KCnJlyaTaQHH KaJIHllHblX COJlell. COJIeHOCHaH CBHTa
6e3Bo;:J;Ha. llhpeKH H CTBOJI waXTbl C rJly6HHbi 200 M OT YCTbH He HMelOT
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TOJIbKO B BepXHell CBoell lJaCTH Ha rJly6HHY 65-75 M. PaClJeTHblll BO;:J;O-'
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CBHTbl C HHTepBaJia OT nO;:J;owBbl MeJia ;:J;O rJIy6HHbi 175 M OT nOBepxHocTH
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,ILe6HT CKBaJKHHbI, BCKpbIBwell BO;:J;Y B MeJIoBbIX OTJIOJKeHHHX, paB-
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Ha rJly6HHe 51-66 M OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH. MOIll.HOCTb HX paBHa 34,0 M.
11be30MeTpHlJecKHll ypoBeHb YCTaHaBJlHBaeTCH Ha rJIy6HHe 12-19 M HHJKe
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05BO,iJ.HEHHOCTb MECTOPOA<)J,EHI-H'f I<AP50HATHOrO CbIPb51 .297


fIo)J, TpHacOBbIMH OTJIO:tKeHHHMH Ha rJIy6HHe 475-563 M 3aJIeraeT
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138-236 M, npe,n:cTaBJIeHa 6peK'-mpoBaHHbIMH H3BeCTKOBO-rJIHHHCTbIMH
nopo,n:aMH C pe,n:KHMH npOCJIOHMH aHrH,n:pHTo-Kap60HaTHbIx nopo,n:, 3aJIe-
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KOJIe6aJICH OT 6 ,n:o 79 M 3 jCYTKU npH nOHH:tKeHHH ypOBHH BO)]:bI Ha 24 H
393 M. HH:tKHHH qaCTb 3TOH TOJIIl.(H, ee KOHTaKT C COJIeHOCHOH TOJIIl.(eH H
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06BO)J.HEHHOCTb MECTOPO)l()J.EHHA I(AP60HATHoro CblPMI


K:PynHbIe MeCTOpO:tK,n:eHHH Kap60HaTHoro CbIpbH B KopeHHoM 3aJIera-
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MejIa ceHOH-TypOHCKoro Hpyca BepXHero OT,n:eJIa MeJIa.
lI:OJIOMHTbI B HaCTOHIl.(ee BpeMH pa3pa6aTbIBaIOTCH B paHOHe r. BH-
Te6cKa Ha MeCTOpO:tK,n:eHHHX Py6a H BepXOBbe. 06a MeCTOpO:tK,n:eHHH npH-
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Me:tKeHHOrO ypOBHH peKH COCTaBJIHeT 132,6 M. lI:e6HT CKBa:tKHH, BCKpbIB-
IlIHX BO,n:y B ,n:OJIOMHTaX, ,n:OCTHraeT 528,8 M 3 j/.f.dc npH nOHH:tKeHHH ypOBHH
BO,n:bI Ha 3,25 M. K:03cpcpHI,(HeHT cpHJIbTpal(HH ,n:OJIOMHTOB Ha Y'IaCTKaX Me-
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,n:eHHH Py6a npH nOHH:tKeHHH ypOBHH BO,n:bI B Kapbepe Ha 4,5 M paBeH
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naBO,n:OK. fIpH TOM :tKe nOHH:tKeHHH npHTOK BO,n:bI B Kapbep MeCTOpO:tK,n:eHHH
BepXOBbe B BeceHHee nOJIOBo,n:be ,n:OCTHraeT 65679 M 3 jCYTKU.
B BeceHHHH nepHo,n:, Kor,n:a ypoBeHb BO,n:bI B 3an. lI:BHHe nOBbIIlIaeTCH
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40%. lI:JIH 60pb6bI C BO,n:OH B Kapbepe MeCTOpO:tK,n:eHHH Py6a YCTaHoB-
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ypoBeHb BO,n:bI B Kapbepe ,n:OCTHraeT a6c. OTMeTKH 137,5 M, B KpyrJIOcy-
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298 . rI1.lJ,POrEOJIOrH51 MECTOPO)K)J:EHHH ITOJIE3HbIX HC!(OITAEMbl'X


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B npe)J:eJIax 4320-9840 M 3 jCYTKU npH nJIOllI.a)J:H Kapbepa 10 ea H rJIy6HHe
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MeCTOpO:tK)J:eHHH MejIa npOTeKaeT Ha paCCT051HHH He 60JIee 280-300 M.
A6coJIlOTHaH OTMeTKa YPOBH51 peKH B Me:tKeHb paBHa 136,3 M, ypoBeHb nO)J:-
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CKOH, KaMeHHoyrOJIbHOH, ,IJ:eBOHCKOH II KeM6pHHCKOH CllCTeM II BepXHeMY
npOTep030!O.
B rrpe,IJ:eJIax YKa3aHHoro rll,IJ:pOXllMllqeCKOrO rrOJI5I BO,IJ:bI .3TOrO Tllrra
6bIJIH BCTpetJeHbI CKBa:tKlIHaMll B ropo.l1.ax BepXHe,IJ:BlIHCKe (LLpI-Icca),
fopO.l1.Ke, Opme,
llHCKe,
OmJIeBe, POraqeBe, B06pYHCKe, BparllHe,
PeqllQe, caHaTopllll «JIeTI.(bI» 6JIH3 BlITe6cKa, JI!06aHH, B ropO,IJ:CKllX nOceJI-
Kax BI-I.l1.3bI, '4amHllKll, fJIYCCKe, TYPOBe, KonaTKeBllqll, B ,IJ:epeBH5IX TbIqllHbI,
JI!06aHCKoro paHOHa, CTpeJIlIqeBO, IlepBOMaHCKe II p5I,IJ:e ,IJ:pymx rryHKTOB.
B BI-I,IJ:e eCTeCTBeHHbIX BbIXO,IJ:OB OHll ll3BeCTHbI B .l1.0JIllHe p. IlTl-Iqll K !Oro-
BOCTOKY OT r. noc. fJIYCCKa (K03JIOB, 1947, 1952), 1I !OrO-BOCTOqHee r. IleT-
pllKoBa (
apKoBa, 1956).
B r.
I-IHCKe XJIOpll.l1.HO-HaTplleBbIe BO,IJ:bI C MllHepaJIll3aQlleH OT 17 ,IJ:O
27 2/.11 BCKpbITbI B OTJIO:tKeHllHX opmaHCKOH CBllTbI BepXHero rrpOTep030H,
3aJIera!OIJ.(HX Ha rJIy6llHe 441-554 .M. Ilbe30MeTpllqeCKlle ypOBHll llX YCTa-
,HaBJIllBaJIllCb Ha rJIy6llHe 43,7 .M Hll:tKe 3eMHoH nOBepxHocTH llJIll Ha
'oTMeTKe 150.M a6c. BbICOTbI B CKBa:tKllHe Ha TeppllTopllll rrapKa llM.
. fOpb-
Koro II Ha rJIy6llHe 58 .M llJIll Ha OTMeTKe 157,9 .M B CKBa:tKllHe, pacrroJIo-
:tKHHHOH Ha TeppllTopHll 06JIaCTHOH 60JIbHllU:bI. LLe6llT CKBa:tKHHbI ll3Me-
. H5IJIC5I OT 6,3 .M 3 /'1.ac rrpll rrOHH:tKeHllll YPOBHH Ha 2,8 .M OT CTaTllqeCKOrO
(06JIaCTHa5I 60JIbHllu:a) ,IJ:O 12,5 .M 3 /'1.ac rrpll rrOHll:tKeHl-Ill rrbe30MeTpllqe-
CKoro YPOBH5I Ha 15 .M (rrapK llM.
. fopbKoro).
Ilpll qeTKO BbIpa:tKeHHOM XJIOpll,IJ:HO-HaTplleBOM Tllrre BO,IJ: OHll xapaK-
TepH3y!OTC5I rrOBbImeHHbIM CO,IJ:ep:tKaHHeM CYJIb<paTOB (17%) II IJ.(eJIOqHO-
3eMeJIbHbIX .3JIeMeHTOB (20-21 %). y!3 MlIKp03JIeMeHTOB B BO,IJ:aX
I-IHCKI-IX
CKB3:tKllH rrpI-IcYTcTBY!OT 6pOM (20 .M2/.II), HO.l1. (0,5-0,07 .M2/.II), CTPOH-
U:llH (8-35 .M2/.II), 60p (3,9 .M2/.II), JIHTllH (8,3 .M2/.II).U ,IJ:p. IlpOBe,IJ:eHHbIe
HaMll ,IJ:eC5ITllJIeTHlie Ha6JI!O,IJ:eHll5I 3a CKBa:tKlIHOH BO ,IJ:BOpe 06JIaCTHOH
60JIbHllU:bI rrOKa3aJIll, qTO XllMllqeCKllH COCTaB XJIOpll,IJ:HO-HaTplleBbIX BO,IJ:
3TOH CKBa:tKllHbI II llX MllHepaJIll3aU:ll5I OCTaBaJIllCb OTHOCllTeJIbHO cTa6llJIb-
'HbIMll KaK BO BpeMeHll, TaK II rro,IJ: B03.l1.eHCTBlleM 3KCrrJIyaTaU:llll.
B r. B06PYHcKe XJIOpll,IJ:HO-HaTplleBbIe BO,IJ:bI C MllHep aJIll3aU:lleH 15-
18 2/.11 6bIJIll BCKpbITbI B rreCqaHllKax BOJIbIHO-BaJI.l1.aHCKOH ceplill (r,IJ:OBCKlle
CJIOll) Hll:tKHerO KeM6pllH, 3aJIera!OIJ.(llX Ha rJIy6llHe 271-312 .M llJIll Ha
oTMeTKax 130,9-166,0 .M Hll:tKe YPOBH5I MOpH. Ilbe30MeTpI-IqeCKllH ypoBeHb
BO,IJ:bI rrOCJIe rrpOKaqKll CKB3:tKllH rrO,IJ:HllMaJIC5I Ha 1,72-5,95 .M BbIIlIe nOBepx-
HOCTI-I 3eMJIll, T. e. .l1.0CTllraJI OTMeTOK 145,3-145,7 .M a6c. BbICOTbI. ,I:Le6I-IT
CKBa:tKllHbI, rrpOH.l1.eHHOH B 1929 r. Ha TeppllTopllll BO,IJ:OKaHaJITpeCTa
(YJI. YpllU:Koro, .l1.0M 2), rrpll CaMOll3JIllBe Ha YPoBHe 3eMJIll COCTaBJIH,iI
10,8 .M 3 /'1.ac, a npll OTKaqKe ,IJ:OCTllraJI 20 .M 3 /'1.ac. Ha TeppHToplill caHaTO-
pllH llM. B. 11. JIeHllHa ,IJ:e6llT CKBa:tKlIH rrpll nOHll:tKeHllll ypOBHH OTKaqKOH
Ha 15,9 .M OT CTaTHqeCKOrO COCTaBJIHJI 17,2 .M 3 /'1.ac.
XllMl-IqeCKllH COCTaB XJIOpll,IJ:HO-HaTplieBblx BO.l1. r. B06PYHcKa 6JIll30K
K XllMlIqeCKoMY cocTaBY XJIOpll,IJ:HO-HaTplleBblx BO,IJ: paHoHa r.
llHCKa.




XJIOPH,D,HO-HATPHEBbIE BO,D,bI


323


B HIfX TaK)Ke CO,D,ep)KIfTC5I 6pOM (19-21 Me/A.), HO,D, (0,20 Me/A.), CTPOH-
lLIfH (39,6 Me/A.), <pTOp (0,002 Me/A.) If HeKoTopbIe ,D,PYfIfe MIfKpOojJ1eMeHTbI.
P aCTBopeHHbIH B BO,D,e ra3 npe,D,CTaBJIeH a30TOM B03,D,YIIlHoro npOIfCXO)K,D,e-
HIf5I C He6oJIbIllOH npIfMecblO pe,D,KIfX ra30B. rIf,D,pOXIfMIfqeCKIfe Ha6JIIO,D,e-
HIfH, npoBe,D,eHHbIe B nepIfO,D, C 1929 no 1963 r., nOKa3aJIIf, qTO XIfMIfqeCKIfH
COCTaB XJIOpIf,D,Ho-HaTplIeBbIx BO,D, Ha TepplITopIfIf r. Bo6PYHcKa OCTaBaJIC5I
nOCT05IHHbIM, a pecypcbI HX ,D,OCTaTOqHO YCTOHqHBble.
XJIOPH,D,Ho-HaTpIfeBbIe BO,D,bI C MHHepaJIIf3alLIfeH (,D,O 100 e/ A.) P acnpo-
cTpaHeHbI Ha IO)KHOM CKJIOHe JIaTBIfHcKOH ce,D,JIOBIfHbI, B 3ana,D,HoI1 qaCTH
MOCKOBCKOH Bna,D,HHbI If Ha TeppHTopHIf OplIn5ITCKOH Bna,D,IfHbI. B npe,D,eJIax
JIaTBIIHcKOH ce,D,JIOBHHbI XJIOplI,D,HO-HaTplIeBbIe BO,D,bI BCKpbITbI 6ypOBbIMlI
CKBa)KHHaMH B r. BepXHe,D,BHHCKe H B r. noc. BIf,D,3bI. B BepXHe,D,BIfHCKe OHH
BCKpbITbI B neCqaHIfKaX BOJIbIHO-BaJI,D,aHCKOH cepIfIf (r,D,OBCKIfe CJIOH) HIf)K-
Hero KeM6p1I5I, 3aJIeralOllI.HX Ha rJIy6lIHe 585 M. MHHepaJIIf3alLIf51 BO,D,bI
COCTaBJIHJIa 34,5 ciA.. Obe30MeTpIfqeCKlIH ypOBeHb IIX nO,D,HHMaJIC5I ,D,O
OTMeTKH 136 M a6c. BbICOTbI HJIH Ha 20 M BbIIlle 3eMHoH nOBepxHocTH.
,I:Le6HT CKBa)KIIHbI npIf CaMOH3JIIfBe Ha ypoBHe 3eMJIH ,D,OCTIfraJI 25 M3/'1.ac.
B r. noc. BH,D,3bI XJIOpH,D,Ho-HaTplIeBbIe BO,D,bI C MIfHepaJIH3alLIfeH 43 e/A.
BCKpbITbI B Tpelll.lIHOBaTblx II KaBepHo3HbIX H3BeCTH5IKaX Op,D,oBIIKa, 3aJIe-
ralOllI.HX Ha rJIy6HHe 251 M. Obe30MeTpIfqeCKHH ypoBeHb If X B CKBa)KIfHe
nO,D,HIfMaJICH ,D,O OTMeTKH 129 M a6c. BbICOTbI, T. e. HaXO,D,IfJIC5I Ha rJIy6IfHe
II M aT nOBepXHOCTII 3eMJIIf. ,I:Le6HT CKBa)KIIHbI COCTaBJI5IJI 9,2 M 3 /'1.aC npIf
nOHII)KeHHII ypOBH5I BO,D,bI Ha 18 M OT CTaTIftIeCKoro.
KaK BII,D,HO If3 Ta6JI. 68, XIIMHtIeCKHH COCTaB XJIOplI,D,Ho-HaTpHeBblx BO,D,
B npe,D,eJIax JIaTBIIHcKOH ce,D,JIOBHHbI 6JIH30K K XIfMIfqeCKoMY cocTaBY XJIO-
pH,D,Ho-HaTpHeBbIX BO,D, MHHCKHX H Bo6PYHCKHX CKBa)KIfH, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIX
Ha BOCTOqHOM CKJIOHe BeJIOPyccKoro MaCCHBa. OpH qeTKO BbIpa)KeHHOM
XJIOplI,D,Ho-HaTpHeBoM COCTaBe OHII IIMelOT HeCKOJIbKO nOBbIIlleHHoe cO,D,ep-
)KaHIfe cYJIb<paToB (8-11 Me.3K6%) If KaJIblLIf5I (12-14 Me'3K6%).
B HIIX TaK)Ke CO,D,ep)KIfTC5I 6pOM (58,5 Me/A.), CTpOHlLIfH (58,2 Me/A.), CJIe,D,bI
HO,D,a If HeKOTopbIe ,D,PYfIfe 6HOJIOmQeCKH aKTIfBHble MIfKpOoweMeHTbI.
B 3ana,D,HOH qaCTH MOCKOBCKOH Bna,D,HHbI, r,D,e BO,D,OHOCHble ropH30HTbi
HIf)KHero KeM6pH5I If BepXHero npOTep0305I norpY)KaIOTC5I Ha 60JIbIllYIO fJIY-
6HHY no,D, rJIIfHIfCTO-MepreJIHCTbIe OTJIO)KeHHH HapOBCKoro ropIf30HTa cpe,D,-
Hero ,D,eBOHa If B CBH3H C 3TIfM HaXO,D,5ITC5I B YCJIOBIf5IX 3aTpY,D,HeHHoro HJIH
BeCbMa 3aMe,D,JIeHHOrO BO,D,006MeHa, XJIOpIf,D,HO-HaTpHeBbIe BO,D,bI xapaKTe-
PIf3YIOTC5I BbICOKOH MIfHep aJIH3alLIfeH If 060ralll.eHbI 6pOMOM, CTpOHlLIfeM
II ,D,PyrIIMIf MHKp03JIeMeHTaMIf. MHHepaJIIf3aII:If5I XJIOpIf,D,HO-HaTpIfeBbIX BO,D,
If3MeH5IeTC5I C fJIy6IfHOH B IllIfpOKOM ,D,Ifana30He, ,D,OCTIfra5I MaKCIfMaJIbHbIX
3HaqeHHH B HaH60JIee norpY)KeHHbIX qaCT5IX Bna,D,IfHbI.
B KpaeBbIX qaCTHX MOCKOBCKOH Bna,D,HHbI MHHepaJIH3alLH5I XJIOpIf,D,HO-
HaTpHeBbIX BO,D" npIfypOqeHHbIX K OTJ10)KeHIf5IM HIf)KHerO KeM6pIfH If Bepx-
Hero npOTep030H, 3aJIeralOllI.HX Ha rJIy6IfHax 612 (r. noc. 4aIllHHKIf) -
711 M (,D,ep. BHJIbqHII:bI, 6JIlI3 r. MOfIfJ1eBa), KOJIe6JIeTC5I oT 55 ,D,O 63 e/A.
(CM. Ta6JI. 68). B r. noc. 4aIllHHKlI npH a6c. OTMeTKe YCTb5I CKBa)KHHbI,
paBHOH OKOJIO 135 M, nbe30MeTpIfqeCKIfH ypoBeHb BO,D,bI B CKBa)KHHe no,D,-
HHMaJICH Ha 4,5 M BbIIlle nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIIf. B ,D,ep. BIfJIbqIfII:bI nbe30MeT-
pHqeCKHH ypoBeHb XJIOpIf,D,Ho-HaTpIfeBblx BO,D, HaXO,D,HJIC5I Ha rJIy6IfHe 27,2 M
aT nOBepXHOCTIf 3eMJIlI HJIII Ha OTMeTKe 132 M a6c. BbICOTbI.
B HaH60JIee norpY)KeHHbIX tIaCT5IX MOCKOBCKOH Bna,D,IfHbI, 3aHHMalO-
llI.eH ceBepo-BOCTOtIHbIe paHoHbI BeJIOpyccIfH, MIfHepaJIIf3alLIf5I XJ10pH,D,HO-
HaTpHeBbIx BO,D, B03paCTaeT ,D,O 75-114 Me/A.. B paHOHe r. OpIllIf XJIOpH,D,HO-
HaTpHeBbIe BO,D,bI, 3aKJIIOqeHHbIe B neCqaHIfKaX BOJIbIHO-BaJI,D,aHCKOH cepHIf
HH)KHerO KeM6pIf5I. 3aJIeralOllI.He Ha rJIy6HHe 660 M, IIMelOT MHHepaJIIf3a-
II:HIO 75 ciA.. Obe30MeTpIfqeCKIfH ypoBeHb If X nO,D,HIfMaeTC5I ,D,O OTMeTKH
21*




328


JIP-lBBHbIE MHHEPAJlbHbIE BO,LLbI


«CeperOBO», «U,eXOlI.lIHeK» B TIOJIbllIe II ,LLp. rrplI JIe'IeHIIII 3a6oJIeBaHlIM
rrepmpepH'IeCKOH: HepBHOH: CIICTeMbI, rIIHeKOJIOfrlI'IeCKIIX II ,LLPyrlIx 60JIe3HeH:.
XJIOplI,LLHO-HaTplIeBbIe BO,LLbI IICrrOJIb30BaJIlICb II IICrrOJIb3YIOTCH B JIe'Ie6-
HbIX lI.eJIHX II Ha TepplITOplI1I EeJIOPYCCIIII. .LI.o BeJIIIKOH: OTe'IeCTBeHHOH:
BOH:HbI Ha IIX 6a3e B r. Eo6PYHcKe 6bIJIa rrOCTpOeHa 6aJIbHeOJIOrlI'IeCKaH
JIe'Ie6HlIlI.a, B KOTOpOH XJIOplI,LLHO-HaTplIeBbIe BO,LLbI C 60JIbllIlIM ycrrexoM
rrplIMeHHJIIICb rrplI JIe'IeHIIII HeKOTOpbIX q,OpM peBMaT1I3Ma, 60JIe3HeH: ,LLBH-
raTeJIbHOrO arrrrapaTa, pH,LLa HepBHbIX II rIIHeKOJIOrH'IeCKIIX 3a6oJIeBaHlIiL
B HaCTOHllJ,ee BpeMH XJIOplI,LLHO-HaTplIeBbIe BO,LLbI IICnOJIb3YlOTCH CaHa-
TOplIeM IIM. JIeHIIHa B r. Eo6pYHCKe II 6aJIbHeOJIOrlI'IeCKOH JIe'Ie6HlIlI.eH
rrplI MIIHCKOH: 06JIaCTHOH: 60JIbHIIIJ,e. XJIOplI,LLHO-HaTplIeBbIe BO,LLbI BbIHBJ'IeHbI
TaK)Ke Ha TepplITOplI1I CaHaTOplIH «JIeTIJ,bI», r,LLe rrpe,LLrrOJIaraeTCH OpraHII-
3alI.lIH 6aJIbHeOJIOrH'IeCKOro JIe'IeHIIH B BII,LLe BaHH, KynaHIIH B 6aCCeHHe
II ,LLpyrlIx rrpolI.e,LLyp. I1CrrOJIb30BaHlIe XJIOplI,LLHO-HaTplIeBbIX BO,LL B JIe'Ie6-
HbIX IJ,eJIHX rrpe,LLrrOJIaraeTCH II Ha rrpoeKTlIpyeMoM 6aJIbHeOJIOrH'IeCKOM
KypOpTe B paH:OHe r. POra'IeBa.
X JI 0 P 1I,LL H 0 - HaT p II e B bI e B O,LL bI (paCCOJIbI) C M II H e p a JI II 3 a-
1I.1I e H: 60 JI e e 100 2/A. pacrrpoCTpaHeHbI B HalI60JIee rJIy60KlIx 'IaCTHX
MOCKOBCKOH: II TIplIrrHTcKoH Brra,D.IIH. B 3ana,D.HOH: 'IaCTII MOCKOBCKOH Brra-
,D.IIHbI OHII 6bIJIlI BCKpbITbI B r. fopo,D.Ke BHTe6cKOH: 06JIaCTH II Ha TepplITo-
plIlI caHaToplIH «JIeTIJ,bI». B fOpO,D.OKCKOH CKBa)KIIHe, KaK II Ha TepplIToplI1I
caHaToplIH «JIeTlI.bI», XJIOplI,D.Ho-HaTplIeBbIe paCCOJIbI rrplIypO'IeHbI K MeJIKO-
II pa3Ho3epHlIcTbIM rreCKaM II rreC'IaHIIKaM opllIaHcKoH CBIITbI BepxHero rrpo-
Tepo30H, 3aJIeralOllJ,IIM Ha rJIy6lIHe 803,0-880,9 At HII)Ke 3eMHoH nOBepx-
HOCTII. MlIHepaJIlI3aIJ,lIH XJIOplI,D.HO-HaTplIeBbIx paCCOJIOB 1I3MeHHJIaCb 3,D.ec!>
OT 102 (caH. «JIeTIJ,bI»),LLO 115 2/A. (r. fOpO,D.OK). .LI.aHHble 0 XHMII'IeCKOM
COCTaBe 3TlIX BO,D. rrplIBe,D.eHbI B Ta6JI. 69. KaK BII,D.HO 1I3 Ta6JIlIlI.bI, B BO,D.aX
fOpO,D.OKCKOH CKBa)KIIHbI CO,D.ep)KIITCH 60JIbllIOe KOJIH'IeCTBO 6poMa
(180 Me/A.), CTpOHlI.lIH (47 Me/A.) II CJIe,D.bI H:o,D.a (0,4 M2/A.).
Ha TepplIToplI1I TIplIrrHTCKOH: Brra,D.IIHbI XJIOplI,D.Ho-HaTplIeBbIe paCCOJIbI
C MIIHepaJI1I3aIJ,lIeH: BbIllie 100 2/A. IIMelOT 60JIee IlIlIpoKoe pacrrpocTpaHeHlIe.
OHII 6bIJIlI BCKpbITbI B CTapo6lIHe (,D.ep. TbI'IIIHbI), TypoBe, JII06aHII,
KorraTKeBII'IaX, TIeTplIKoBe, .LI.oMaHOBII'IaX, M03bIpe, EJIbCKe, Ha pOBJIe,
EparlIHe, Pe'IlIlI.e II pH,D.e ,D.pyrlIx rrYHKToB. TI plIypO'IeHbI XJIOplI,D.HO-HaTplIe-
Bble paCCOJIbI K OTJIO)KeHIIHM Kap6oHa, BepxHero II Cpe,D.Hero' ,D.eBOHa,
a TaK)Ke K rropO,D.aM rrlIHCKOH CBIITbI ,D.peBHeHllIero OCa,D.O'IHoro KOMrrJIeKCa,
3aJJeralOllJ,IIM Ha rJIy6lIHax OT 500 ,LLO 3000 111. II 6oJIee.
MIIHepaJIII3all.IIH XJIOplI,D.HO-HaTplIeBbIX paCCOJIOB KOJIe6JIeTCH B 1lI1IpO-
KOM ,D.lIana30He. Y 60pTOB Bna,D.IIHbI II BepXHIIX 'IaCTHX pa3pe3a KaMeHHO-
yrOJIbHbIX II ,D.eBOHCKIIX OTJIO)KeHIIH: OHa 1I3MeHHeTCH OT 120 ,D.O 176 2/k
B lI.eHTpaJIbHOH:, HalI60JIee rrorpY)KeHHOH:, 'IaCTII Brra,D.IIHbI MIIHepaJI1I3alI.H>I
paCCOJIOB pe3Ko B03pacTaeT, ,D.OCTHraH 270-390 2/A.. B XJIOplI,D.HO-HaTplIe-
BbIX paccoJIax, KaK BH,D.HO 1I3 Ta6JI. 69, CO,D.ep)KIITCH 6POM, H:O,D. II HeKOTO-
pbIe ,D.pyrlIe 6IIOJIOrH'IeCKfI aKTIIBHbIe KOMrrOHeHTbI. B BOCTO'IHOH 'IaCTII
TIplIrrHTCKOH: Brra,D.IIHbI XJIOplI,D.Ho-HaTplIeBbIe paCCOJIbI, 3aJIeralOllJ,He Ha rJIY-
6lIHe 60JIee 1000 At, IIMelOT rrOBbIllIeHHYIO TeMrrepaTYPY, ,D.ocTlIralOllJ,YIO
MeCTaMII (paH:OHbI rOpo,D.oB EJIbCKa II Pe'IlIlI.bI) 40-60° C II 6oJIee, II cO,D.ep-
)KaT 60JIbllIOe KOJIII'IeCTBO 6poMa, H:o,D.a 1I ,D.pyrlIx MIIKpoKoMrroHeHToB.
EJIII)KaH:IlIIIM IIX aHaJIOrOM HBJIHIOTCH paCCOJIbI 60eHCKOH: CKBa)KIIHbI
r. MOCKBbI II KypOPTOB «YCTb-KYT» (l1pKYTcKaH o6JI.) II «YcTb-Ka'IKa»
(Ha KaMe TIepMCKOH: o6JI.).
Ha TepplITopHII EeJIOpycclI1I XJIOpH,D.Ho-HaTplIeBbIe paCCOJIbI nOKa He
IICrrOJIb3YlOTCH B JIe'Ie6HbIX lI.eJIHX, HO OHII, HeCOMHeHHO, rrpe,D.CTaBJIHIOT
60JIb1lIOH: IIHTepec. TIplI ,D.aJIbHeH:llIeM pa3BlITlIlI caHaTopHO-KypopTHoro ,D.eJIa
pecny6JIHKlI XJIOplI,D.HO-HaTplieBbIe paCCOJIbI ,D.OJI)KHbI HaHTII rrpliMeHeHlIe




X.'IOP
,n:HO-CY.TIb<i>ATHO-HATPHBBbIE BO,n:bI


329'


rrplI JIe'IeHlIlI rrepmpeplI'IeCKOH HepBHOH ClICTeMbI, rHHeKOJIOrH'IeCKlIX II ,n:PY-
flIX 3a6oJIeBaHlIH.


XJIOPH.lI.HO-CYJIb$ATHO-HATPHEBbIE BO.ll.bI
XJIOplI,n:HO-CYJIbcp aTHO- HaTplIeBbIe BO,n:bI Ha TepplITOplIlI BeJIOpYCCWI
He lIMelOT llllIpOKoro pacrrpOCTpaHeHlIH. OHlI 06pa3YIOT OTHOClITeJIbHO
He6oJIbillOe rH,n:poreOXlIMlI'IeCKOe rrOJIe, rrpOCTlIpalOIlJ,eeCH Y3KOH rrOJIOCOH
B,n:0/1b ceBepO-BOCTO'IHOrO CKJIOHa BeJIOpYCCKoro MaCClIBa OT r. MlIHCKa Ha
ceBep 'Iepe3 MOJIo,n:e'IHO, 03. HapO'Ib, BlI,n:3bI II ,n:aJIee ,n:o ceBepO-3arra,n:HbIX
rpaHlIIJ; BCCP (CM. plIC. 27). B rrpe,n:eJIax 3Toro rH,n:poreOXlIMrr'IeCKOrO
rrOJIH XJIOplI,n:HO-cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTplIeBble BO,n:bI 6bIJIlI BCKpbITbI 6YPOBbIMlI
CKBaMlIHaMlI B paHoHe M.-,n:. CT. )I\,n:aHOBlI'IlI (TepplITOplIH ,n:OMa OT,n:bIxa
«)I\,n:a HOBlI'I lI» ), B paHOHe r. 3aCJIaBJIH (ypO'I. 3eJIeHoe), B ,n:ep. KplIBlI'IH
MH,n:eJIbCKOrO paHOHa II Ha ceBepHOM 6epery 03. Hapo'Ib Y ,n:ep. KyrrbI
(caHaToplIH BeJIKOOrrCOI03a). B YKa3aHHbIX rrYHKTax OHlI rrplIYPO'IeHbI
K TpeIlJ,lIHOBaTOH 30He KplICTaJIJIlI'IeCKlIX rropo,n: cpYH,n:aMeHTa II pa3JIlI'I-
HbIM CTpaTlIrpacplI'IeCKlIM roplI30HTaM oca,n:O'IHOH TOJIIlJ,lI.
B paHOHe r. 3aCJIaBJIH (YPO'I. 3eJIeHoe) XJIOplI,n:HO-CYJIbcpaTHO-HaTplIe-
Bble BO,n:bI co,n:epMaTCH B BepXHeH TpeIlJ,lIHOBaTOH 30He KplICTaJIJIlI'IeCKlIX
rropo,n: cpYH,n:aMeHTa, 3aJIeralOIlJ,lIX Ha r JIy6lIHe 420 M lIJIlI Ha OTMeTKe 196 M
HliMe ypOBHH MOpH. IT plI a6COJIIOTHOH OTMeTKe YCTbH CKBaMlIHbI 224 At
rrbe30MeTplI'IeCKlIH ypoBeHb lIX rro,n:HlIMaJICH ,n:o OTMeTKlI 201,55 M a6c. BbI-
COTbI. .LI.e6lIT CKBaMlIHbI He rrpeBbIIlJaJI 2,4 M 3 /'tac, rrplI rrOHlIMeHlIlI ypOBHH
BO,n:bI Ha 14,10 M OT CTaTlI'IeCKoro. 06IlJ,aH MlIHepaJIlI3aIJ;lIH BO,n:bI COCTaB-
JIHeT 3,99 21A. II OCTaBaJIaCb cTa6lIJIbHOH B Te'IeHlIe Bcero rreplIo,n:a ,n:JIlI-
TeJIbHbIX OTKa'IeK.
Ha TepplIToplIlI ,n:OMa OT,n:bIxa «)I\,n:aHOBlI'IlI» BO,n:bI .3Toro TlIrra 3aKJIIO-
'IeHW B rreC'IaHlIKaX II aJIeBpOJIlITaX opwaHcKoH CBlITW BepxHero rrpoTepo-
30H, 3aJIeralOIlJ,lIX Ha rJIy6lIHe 427 M lIJIlI Ha OTMeTKe 215,5 M HlIMe ypOBH5!
MOpH. ITbe30MeTplI'IeCKlIH ypoBeHb lIX YCTaHaBJIlIBaJICH B CKBaMlIHe Ha
OTMeTKe 158,5 M lIJIlI Ha 53 M HlIMe 3eMHoH rroBepxHocTlI, T. e. 3Ha'IlI-
TeJIbHO HlIMe, 'IeM B paHoHe r. 3aCJIaBJIH. .LI.e6lIT CKBaMlIHbI rrplI OTKa'IKe
.3pJIlIcpTOM ,n:OCTlIraJI 11,8 M 3 /'lac, C rrOHlIMeHlIeM ypOBHH Ha 11,8 M OT CTa-
TlI'IeCKoro. MlIHepaJIlI3aIJ;lIH BO,n:bI COCTaBJIHeT 3,n:eCb 11,4 21A..
B ,n:ep. KplIBlI'IlI MH,n:eJIbCKOrO paHoHa XJIOplI,n:HO-cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTplIe-
Bble BO,n:bI BCKpbITbI Ha r JIy6lIHe 477,50 M, B cJIa60CIJ;eMeHTlIpoBaHHblx
H rrOplICTbIX rreC'IaHlIKaX BOJIbIHO-BaJI,n:aHcKoH ceplIlI (r,n:oBcKlIe CJIOlI) HlIM-
Hero KeM6plIH. ITbe30MeTplI'IeCKlIH ypoBeHb lIX rro,n:HrrMaJICH Bblwe rrOBepx-
HOCTlI 3eMJIII. .LI.e6lIT CKBaMlIH, rro ,n:aHHbIM OrrbITHbIX OTKa'IeK, COCTaBJIHJI
4,5 M 3 /'lac rrplI rrOHlIMeHlIlI ypOBHH Ha 7,5 M OT CTaTlI'IeCKoro. 06IlJ,aH
MlIHepa/1lI3aIJ;lIH BO,n:bI Ha YKa3aHHoH rJIy6lIHe He rrpeBbIWaJIa 6 21A..
Ha ceBepHoM 6epery 03. Hapo'Ib, y ,n:ep. KyrrbI, BO,n:bI .3TOrO TlIrra
C MlIHepaJIlI3aIJ;lIeH 12,2 21A. 6bIJIlI BCKpbITbI B rreCKax II cJIa60CIJ;eMeHTlIpo-
BaHHblX rreC'IaHlIKaX BOJIbIHO-BaJI,n:aHcKoH ceplIlI (r,n:oBcKlIe CJIOlI). ITplI
rJIy6lIHe CKBaMlIHbI 467 M rrbe30MeTplI'IeCKlIH ypoBeHb lIX rro,n:HlIMaJICH Ha
0,5 M Bblwe rroBepxHocTlI 3eMJIlI, T. e. ,n:OCTlIraJI OTMeTKlI 167,5 M a6c. BbI-
COTbI. .LI.e6lIT CKBaMlIHbI COCTaBJIHJI 24 M 3 /'lac rrplI rrOHlIMeHlIlI rrbe30MeT-
plI'IeCKOrO ypOBHH Ha 30 M.
XlIMlI'IeCKlIH COCTaB XJIOplI,n:HO-cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTpI1eBbIX BO,n: xapaKTe-
plI3yeTcH ,n:aHHbIMlI XlIMlI'IeCKlIX aHaJIlI30B, CBe,n:eHHbIX B Ta6JI. 70.
KaK BlI,n:HO lI3 Ta6JIlIIJ;bI, rrpe06JIa,n:alOIlJ,lIMlI KOMrrOHeHTaMlI B COCTaBe
.3TlIX BO,n: HBJIHIOTCH XJIOplI,n:bI II cYJIbcpaTbI, COCTaBJIHIOIlJ,lIe B cYMMe 60JIee
94-97 M2' aKB %, II HaTplIH, co,n:epMaHlIe KOToporo KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 84
,n:o 92 M2' aKB %. 06pa30BaHlIe XJIOplI,n:HO-cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTplIeBblx BO,lI,
06YCJIOBJIeHO CMeweHlIeM cYJIbcpaTHo-i<aJIbIJ;rreBbIX II XJIOplI,n:Ho-HaTplIeBblx




XJIOPH,n:HO-CY JIb<t>A THO- HATPHEBO- KAJIbUHEBbIE BO,n:bI


333


BO,il" KOTOpble B pe3YJIbTaTe nOCJIe,n:YIOll1.IIX npOIJ;eCCOB KaTIIOHHOrO 06MeHa
qaCTlIqHO TepHIOT IIOHbI KaJIbIJ;IIH II 060rall1.aIOTCH IIOHaMH HaTpIiH.
AHaJIOraMII MIiHepaJIbHbIX XJIOplI,n:HO-CYJIbcpaTHO-HaTplieBbIX BO,il, OeJIO-
PYCCHII HBJIHIOTCH MIiHepaJIbHble BO,n:bI KypOPTOB «COJIbBblqero,n:CK» II «CO-
JIOHIIXa» ApXaHreJIbCKOH: 06JIaCTII, CaHaTOpliH «,l],OPOXOBO» MOCKOBCKOll
06JIaCTII II ,n:p. rIo 3aKJIIOqeHlIIO U,eHTpaJIbHOrO IIHcTHTYTa KypOpTOJIOrIIH
II tPu3uoTepanlili MIIHlIcTepcTBa 3,il,paBOOXpaHeHIIH CCCP, XJIOplI,n:HO-
cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTpHeBble BO,n:bI )K,n:aHOBlIqCKOll CKBaMIIHbI MorYT ycneulHo
npllMeHHTbcH ,n:JIH BaHH H KynaHIiH B 6aCCeH:HaX npli JIeqeHlI1i 3a60JIeBaHlill
HepBHOH: CHCTeMbI. OHII TaKMe MorYT IICnOJIb30BaTbCH ,n:JIH JIeqeHIIH MeJIY-
,n:OqHO- KIIIlleqHbIX H rliHeKOJIOrlIqeCKIiX 3 a60JIeBaHlIll.
IIJIH lICnOJIb30BaHliH XJIOpH,n:HO-CYJIbcpaTHO-HaTplieBbIX BO,n: B JIeqe6HbIX
lI,eJIHX Ha CeBepHOM 6epery 03. Hapo% Y ,n:ep. KynbI nOCTpOeH 6aJIbHeO-
JIOrIIqeCKHH CaHaTOpHH: beJIKOOnCOI03a. B 1964 r. 6y,n:eT 3aKOHqeHO CTPOH-
TeJIbCTBO 6aJIbHeOJIOrlIqeCKOrO caHaTopliH B paHoHe )K,n:aHOBlIqeu.


XJ1 OPH)],HQ-CY Jl bct>A THO- HA TPHEBO-KAJ1 bU.H EBblE BO)],bl
XJIOPH,n:HO-CY JIbcp aTHO- Ha TpHeBo- KaJIbll,lIeBble II cy JIbcp aTHO- XJIOplI,n:HO-
KaJIbll,HeBO-HaTpHeBble BO,n:bI 06pa3YIOT 60JIbIlIOe rlI,n:poreOXIIMlIqeCKOe nOJIe,
OXBaTbIBaIOll1.ee ceBepHble, lI,eHTpaJIbHble H BOCTOqHble paH:OHbI beJIOpycCIII1
(CM. pliC. 27). [eHeTlIqeCKII OHH CBH3aHbI C rIInCOHOCHbIMII OTJIOMeHIIHMll
HapoBcKoro rOpJ130HTa cpe,n:Hero ,n:eBOHa. 06pa30BaHlie IIX MOMHO paccMaT-
pliBaTb KaK pe3YJIbTaTbI BbIll1.eJIaqIIBaHHH rIITIca 1I3 OTJIOMeHlIll HapoBcKoro
roplI30HTa cpe,n:Hero ,II,eBOHa II CMeIlleHHe 06pa3YIOll1.HXCH rIInCOBblX BO.a:
C X,TIOpH.a:Ho-HaTplIeBbIMII BO,II,aMII HapoBcKHX II HIIMeJIeMall1.IIX OTJIOMeHIIH
cpe.a:Hero ,II,eBOHa, CHJIypa, Op,II,OBIiKa II HIIMHero KeM6pIIH. B pe3YJlbTaTe
06MeHHblx npOll,eCCOB OHIi qaCTO 06orall1.aIOTcH HaTpHeM C qaCTlIqHOH nOTe-
peH KaJIbll,lIH.
B npe,n:eJIax BbI.a:eJIeHHOrO rlI.a:poxliMlIqeCKOrO nOJIH BO,n:bI 3Toro Tlina
6bIJIH BCKpbITbI 6YPOBbIMH CKBaMHHaMII B r. HOBOnOJIOll,Ke, Ha TeppliTopli1i
caHaTopliH «JIeTIJ;bI», 6JIH3 r. BHTe6cKa, B palloHe ropo.a:oB MOrIIJIeBa,
b06pYHcKa II POraqeBa. .
B r. HOBOnOJIOll,Ke XJIOpH,n:HO-cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTplIeBO-KaJIbll,HeBble BO,II,bI
cO,II,epMaTcH B npOCJIOHX CJIa60Tpell1.HHoBaTblx II KaBepH03HbIX 1I3BeCTHHKOB
II ;rI.OJIOMHTOB, 33JIeraIOll1.IIX B IIHTepBaJIe rJIy6lIH 240-338 M. rIpH a6co-
JIIOTHOH OTMeTKe YCTbH CKBaMIIHbI 134,8 M nbe30MeTplIqeCKlIH YPoBeHb
BO,n:bI nOCJIe OTKaqKII YCTaHaBJIIiBaJICH Ha rJIy6lIHe 17 M HIiMe nOBepxHocTH
3eM,TIH HJIH Ha OTMeTKe 117,8 At a6c. BblCOTbL IIe6HT cKBaMHH, no .a:aHHbIM
OnbITHOH: OTKaqKII, He npeBbIIlIaJI 0,7 M 3 /lJ.aC, nplI nOHIIMeHIIH nbe30MeTplI-
qeCKOrO ypOBHH Ha 20 M. MliHepaJIlI3all,lIH BO,n:
 Ha fJIy6lIHe 240-290 M
COCTaBJIHJIa 9,45 c/A. C yrJIy6JIeHHeM OHa YBeJIlIqHBaJIaCb, ,n:OCTlirHYB Ha
fJIy6HHe 321,4-338,5 M 12,3 c/A (Ta6JI. 35, 38).
Ha TeppliTopliH caHaToplIH «J1eTlI,bI» 6JIlI3 r. BlITe6cKa XJIOplI,II,HO-
cYJIbcpaTHo-HaTplieBO-KaJIbll,HeBble BO,n:bI C MHHepaJIlI3all,lIeH: 3,3 c/A 3aKJIIO-
qeHbl B Kap60HaTHblx nopo,II,ax HapoBcKoro roplI30HTa 3aJIeraIOll1.IIX Ha
rJIy6lIHe 288-340 M. B palloHe r. MOrHJIeBa BO,II,bI 3Toro THna C MIiHepa-
J1J13aIJ;lIei'1 4,86 cjA co,n:epMaTcH B 1I3BecTHHKax, ,I1.0JIOMIiTaX II neCqaHHKaX,
3aJIeraIOIlI,HX Ha rJIy6lIHe 343 M. fTbe30MeTplIqeCKlill ypoBeHb IIX YCTaHaB-
JIIIBaJICH Ha OTMeTKe 154,20 a6c. BbICOTbl IIJIIi Ha 15,8 At HHMe TIOBepXHOCTH
3eMJIII. IIe6HT CKBaMHHbI COCTaBJIHJI 9,2 M 3 /lJ.aC (noHHMeHlIe HeII3BeCTHo).
B r. b06pYHcKe Ha TepplITopli1i caHaToplIH HM. JIeHIIHa XJIOplI,I1.HO-
cYJlbcpaTHo-HaTpHeBO-KaJIbll,HeBble BO,I1.bI C MHHepaJII13all,lIeH: 6,7 c/A BCKpbITbI
B MepreJIbHO-rJIIIHIICTOH TOJIIlI,e HapoBcKoro roplI30HTa, 3aJIeraIOIlI,eH Ha
rJIy6HI-Ie 190 M. rIpH OTMeTKe YCTbH CKBaMIIHbI 138,1 M a6c. BbICOTbI nbe30-
MeTpHqeCKHIr ypoBeHb BO,I1.bI nO,I1.HIIMaJICH Ha 2,65 M BbIIlle nOBepXHOCTJr




334


.nE'-lB£HbIE MHHEPA.nbHbIE BO,lI.bI


3eMJIll, T. e. ,IJ,OCTlIraJI OTMeTKll 141,26 M. ITo ,IJ,aHHbIM orrblTHblX OTKa'leK
,IJ,e61IT CKB'aMIIHbI He rrpeBbIllIaJI 0,8 M 3 /ttac C rrOHIIMeHlleM ypOBHH Ha
19,08 M OT CTaTlIqeCKoro. B paH:OHe r. POraqeBa BO,IJ,bI 3Toro TlIrra C MIIHe-
paJIII3aIl,lIeH: 4,7 cl.ll. BCKpblTbl CKBaMIIHOH: Ha rJIy6lIHe 211-220 M. ITbe30-
MeTplIqeCKIIH: YPoBeHb llX rrO,IJ,HIIMaJICH ,IJ,O OTMeTKII 137,8 M a6c. BbICOTbI,
T. e. YCTaHaBJIIIBaJICH Ha 2,2 M HIIMe 3eMHoH rroBepxHocTII. .LI.e61IT CKBa-
MIIH, rro JI,aHHbIM orrbITHbIX OTKaqeK, COCTaBJI51JI 2,3 M 3 /ttac rrplI rrOHIIMeHlIli
rrbe30MeTplIqeCKOrO ypOBHH Ha 40,0 M. XIIMII'leCKlIH: COCTaB XJIOplI,IJ,HO-
cYJIb<paTHo-HaTplIeBO-KaJIbIl,lIeBbIX BO,IJ, xapaKTep1l3yeTcH ,IJ,aHHbIMII XIIMlIqe-
CKIIX aHaJIII30B, CBe,IJ,eHHbIMII B Ta6JI. 38.
KaK BII,IJ,HO 113 Ta6JI. 38, o6lII,aH MIIHepa.n1l3aIl,llH BO,IJ, XJIOpll,IJ,HO-
cYJIb<paTHoro II cYJIb<paTHO-XJIOplI,IJ,HOrO TlIrrOB 113MeHHeTCH OT 1,97 cl.ll.
(caHaTOplIH: J1eTIl,bI) ,IJ,O 12,31 cl.ll. (r. HOBOrrOJIOIl,K). COOTHOll1eHlIe OT,IJ,eJIb-
HbIX KOMrrOHeHTOB HBJIHeTCH HeycTOHqIIBbIM, OHO MeHHeTCH KaK rro rrJIO-
lII,a,IJ,1I pacrrpOCTpaHeHIIH, TaK II C rJIy61IHoH, qTO rrpIIBO,IJ,IIT K 06pa30BaHlIIO
pa3JIlIqHblX MO,IJ,II<pIIKaIl,lIH: BOJI, XJIOplI,IJ,HO-CYJIb<paTHoro IIJIII CYJIb<paTHO-
XJIOplI,!J,Horo TlIrrOB.
AHaJIOraMII orrlIca HHbIX XJIOplI,!J,HO-CY JIb<paTHO-HaTplIeBO- KaJI bIl,lIe BbIX
BO,!J, TepplIToplI1I I3eJIOPYCCIIII HBJIHIOTCH MIIHepaJIbHble BO,IJ,bI 1I3BeCTHblX
KypOPTOB COBeTCKoro COI03a, KaK, HarrplIMep, «Kall1Hll» KaJIIIHIIHCKOll
06JIaCTll, «I1MMIIHBO,IJ,» TaTapCKOH: ACCP II ,IJ,p.
Ha TepplIToplI1I I3eJIOPYCCIIII XJIOplI,!J,HO-CY JIb<paTHO- HaTplieBO- KaJIbIl,lIe-
Bble BO,IJ,bI IICrrOJIb3YIOTCH ,!J,JIH JIeqeHIIH MeJIY,!J,OqHO-KIIll1eqHbIX 3a6oJIeBaHlIll
B caHaToplI1I IIM. J1eHIIHa (r. I306pYH:CK). I1CrrOJIb30BaHlIe IIX B JIeqe6HbIX
lI,eJIHX HaMeqaeTCH B r. HOBOrrOJIOIl,Ke, B caHaToplI1I «J1eTlI,bI» 6JIlI3
r. BU'Te6cKa II B paH:OHe r. POraqeBa fOMeJIbCKOH: 06JIaCTll, r,IJ,e B 6JIII-
MaH:ll1ee i3peMH HaMeqaeTCH CTpOIITeJIbCTBO pecrry6JIlIKaHCKoro 6aJIbHeOJIO-
flIqeCKoro KypopTa. OrrbIT I306PYH:CKOrO caHaTOplI51 IIM. J1eHIIHa rrOKa3bI-
BaeT, qTO MIIHepaJIbHble XJIOPII,IJ,HO-CYJIb<paTHO-HaTplIeBO-KaJIblI,lIeBbIe BO,IJ,bI
I3e.nopYCCIIII 06JIa,!J,a1OT BbICOKIIMII Il,eJIe6HbIMl:! CBOH:CTBaMII.


TEPMAJIbHbIE PACCOJIbI XJIOPH.lI.HO-HATPHEBOrO
H XJIOPH.lI.HO-KAJIbLl,HEBOrO COCTABA
C BblCOKHM CO.ll.EP)I(AHHEM CEPOBO.ll.OPO.ll.A


T ep M aJIbHble p aCCOJIbI X.nOplI,IJ,HO- HaTplIeBoro II XJIOplI,IJ,HO- KaJIblI,lIeBoro
COCTaBa ll1lIpOKO pacrrpOCTpaHeHbl Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe TepplIToplI1I I3CCP,
B rrpe,IJ,eJIax HalI60JIee rrorpYMeHHOH: qaCTII ITplIrr51TCKOll Brra,IJ,IIHbI, r,IJ,e OHII
rrplIypOqeHbI K COJIeHOCHbIM OTJIOMeHIIHM BepXHero ,IJ,eBOHa llJIII K rrO,IJ,CTII-
JIalOlII,IIM IIX OCa,IJ,KaM Cpe,IJ,HerO ,IJ,eBOHa II HIIMHero KeM6pIIH. 3aJIeraH Ha
60JIbll1IIX rJIy6lIHax B YCJIOBIIHX rrOqTII rrOJIHOH: rlI,IJ,pOreOJIOmqeCKOH: 3aKpbI-
TOCTII, XJIOplI,IJ,HO-HaTplIeBble II XJIOp-KaJIbIl,lIeBble paCCOJIbI ,IJ,OCTlIraIOT
3,IJ,eCb rrpe,!J,eJIbHorO HaCbIlII,eHIIH (MIIHepaJIII3alI,IIH 320-397 cl.ll.) II xapaK-
TeplI3YIOTCH rrOBbIll1eHHOH: TeMrrepaTypOH: (,!J,o 50-80 0 C), 3aKoHoMepHo
B03paCTalOlII,eH: C rJIy6IIHOH.
Ha TepplIToplI1I ITplIrr51TCKOll Brra,!J,HHbI paCCOJIbI TaKoro TlIrra 6bIJIlI
BCKpbITbI rrOIICKOBo-pa3Be,IJ,OqHbIMII CKBaMIIHaMII B J1106aHII, KorraTKeBllqaX,
BblcTyrroBlIqaX, llIeCTOBlIqaX, CJI06o,IJ,Ke (paH:OH r. M03blpH), EJIbCKe,
AHlIcIIMoBKe, KYCToBHIIIl,e, CTpeJIlIqeBe, I3pamHe, PeqlIIl,e, ITepBOMaH:CKoM.
B paH:OHe r. EJIbCKa (CKB. 7) Ha rJIy611He 2780 M 6bIJIli BCKpbITbl
BbICOKOKOHIl,eHTplIpoBaHHble XllOplI,IJ,Ho-HaTplIeBble paCCOJIbI (MIIHepaJIII3a-
lI,IIH 323 c/.II.) C 60JIbll1IIM cO,!J,epMaHlIeM cepOBo,!J,opo,!J,a II rroBblllIeHHOH:
TeMrrepnYPoH: (42-45 0 C). CepOBO,IJ,OpO,IJ,Hble p aCCOJIbI EJIbCKOll CKBaMIIHbI
rrpe,!J,cTaBJIHIOT c060H: 3aKoHTypHbIe BO,!J,bl He<pTHHoH 3aJIeMII, 3aKJIIOqeHHble
B MeMCOJIeBbIX OTJIOMeHIIHX ,!J,eBOHa. BCKpbITble paCCOJIbI 06JIa,!J,aJIH 3Haqll-
TeJIbHbIM HarropoM II Cll.nbHO <poHTaHlIpoBa.nll. 4epe3 oTBepcTlIe ll1TYlI,epa




TEPM. PACCOJIbI XJIOP.-HATP. H XJIOP.-K.\.'1bLJ;. COCTABA C BbICOK. CO,I:\EP)K. 335


,I:\IIaMeTpOM 12 MM CaMOH3JIliB BO,I:\bI COCTaBJIHJI OKOJIO 70 M 3 /ttac. 1136bITO'l-
Hoe ,I:\aBJIeHIIe B CKBa)!{IIHe I1PH CaMOII3JIliBe Ha BbICOTe 1,5 M BbIllie I10Bepx,
HOCTH 3eMJIli ,I:\OCTHraJIO 65 aTM.
KOJIH'leCTBO cepOBO,I:\OpO,I:\a B paCCOJIax 3TOH CKBa)!{IIHbI TO'lHO He
YCTaHOBJIeHO. B I1p06e, oT06paHHoH H3 CaMOII3JIIiBalOIII.eHcH CTPYII, OHa
COCTaBJIHJIO OKOJIO 214 M2/A, a cYMMapHoe cO,!I.ep)!{aHlie cepbI, TIiTpyeMoH
rrO,!I.OM, ,!I.OCTHraJIO 60JIee 230 M2/A. O,!I.HaKO cO,!I.ep)!{aHlie CepOBO,!I.OpO,!I.a
B paccoJIax 3TOH CKBa)!{HHbI B ,!I.eHCTBIITeJIbHOCTII rOpa3,!I.0 60JIblIIee,
I10CKOJIbKY B I1polI.ecce CaMOH3JIliBa 3Ha1JIITeJIbHOe KOJIH'leCTBO CepOBO,!I.O-
po,n:a TepHeTCH I1PII qaCTH'lHOH a3palI.HII paCCOJIOB. rIpli <poHTaHlipoBaHIIII
CKBa)!{HHbI H3 BO,!I.bI TaK)!{e BbI,!I.eJIHJIOCb 60JIbllIOe KOJIII'leCTBO ra30B-
a30Ta II MeTaHa. 06pa30BaHHe CepOBO,!I.OpO,!I.a CBH3aHO C 6IIOXIIMH'leCKIiMII
I1pOlI.eCCaMH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH cYJIb<paToB B aHa3p06HbIX YCJIOBIIHX (XIIMII-
'leCKHH COCTaB CepOBO,!I.OpO,!I.HbIX paCCOJIOB I1pHBe,!I.eH B Ta6JI. 71).
T a 6 JI H U a 7]
XHMH'IeCKHH COCTaB cepOBO
OpO
HblX paCCOJIOB (D3fm)


EJIbCKaSi nJIOlllallb J CKB. 7
COCTaB BOll (2783,0 At; 301V1 1955 r.) *
'Ill M2'91CB I M2'9KB %
KaTHOHbI
Na+ 114,06 4961,68 89,77
K+ 5,3 135,68 2,47
Mg2+ 1,08 88,77 1,61
Ca2+ 6.78 338,32 6,12
Sr2+ 0;0843 1.92 0,03
NH 4 + 0,0096 0,53 O,QI

K 5526,90 100,0
AHHOHbI
Cl- 195,33 5508,31 99,66
Br- 0,0530 0,66 0,01
J- 0,0004 0,00 0,00
SO 4 2 - 0,614.5 12,78 0.23
S03 2 - 0,0182 0,33 0,01
HC0 3 - 0,2940 4,82 0,09

A 5526,90 100,0
CO 2 (cB060)!.Ha»), 326,0
Me/A
NH 4 +, Me/A 9,6
H 2 S, Me/A 214,9
B3+, Me/A 4,54
MlIHepaJJlI3 a u ll5I 323,48
pH 5,0
M 323 C199
Na90


* B cK06Kax )!.aHbI r JIy6HHa orrp060BaHlIH H )!.aTa B3HTfHI
I1p06bI BO)!.bl.


50JIee BWCOKaH KOHlI.eHTpalI.HH CepOBO,!I.OpO,!I.a B XJIOpII,!I.HO-HaTpHeBwx
paccoJIax, BCKpblTbIX B BepXHeCOJIeBbIX OTJIO)!{eHIIHX BepxHero ,!I.eBoHa,
OTMe'leHa B ,n:PyrIIx CKBa)!{IIHaX EJIbCKOH CTPYKTYPbI (CKB. 17 II 18). rIpli
06III.err MHHepaJIH3alI.HH paCCOJIOB, COCTaBJIHIOIII.err 329 c/A, cO,!I.ep)!{aHHe
CepOBO,!I.OpO,!I.a ,!I.OcmraJIO 373 MC/A (50rOMOJIOB II 5ep3IIHa, 1963).'
rIo reOJIOrII'leCKIiM II flI,!I.pOreOJIOrH'leCKIiM ,!I.aHHbIM HaJIII'llie TepMaJIb-
HbIX XJIOpII,!I.HO-HaTpHeBblx H XJIOpII,!I.HO-KaJIblI.lIeBbIX paCCOJIOB C BbICOKOH




FJlABA X
OiAPOrE0J10nUI 3A60J10l(EHHbIX TEPPHTOPHA


3a6oJIo'1eHHble TeppHTOpHH BCCP 3aHHMa!OT 21,7 % . OT BceK nJIOlll,a.I1JI
(ATJIaC BCCP, 1958).
P acnpe.L(eJI5I!OTC5I OHH no pecny6JIHKe .L(aJIeKO He paBHOMepHO. H 31160-
JIee 3a60JIo'1eHa TeppHTOpH5I !Or3 (29-30 %), B rrpe.L(eJI3X BpecTcKoro 11
11 pHrr5lTCKOrO IloJIecb5l, HaHMeHee (1-3 %) -' BOCTOK3 pecrry6JIHKI1, BOC-
TO'1Hee p. JJ,PYTb B rrpe.L(eJIax Op1ll3HCKO-MorHJIeBCKOro JIeCCOBOro rrJJ3TO
H !OrO-33rr3.L(HbIX CKJIOHOB CMOJIeHCKOrr B03BbJllleHHOCTH.
TeppHTOpHaJIbHOe pa3Melll,eHHe 60JIOT H 3a60JIo'1eHHbJX 3eMeJIb no
TeppHTopHH BeJIOpyccHH H p 3crrpe.L(eJIeHHe p 33JIH'1HbIX THrrOB 60.rIOT (rro
I1X rrHTaHH!O) 06YCJIOBJleHbJ KJIHMaTOM, xap3KTepoM rrOBepXHOCTH, CTOKOM,
reO.JIOrH'1eCKHM CTpoeHHeM, rH.L(pOreOJIOrH'1eCKHMH H reoMop<p0.'10rH'1eCKHMH
YC.JIOBH5IMH OT.L(eJIbHbIX parroHoB. BO.JIbUlOe KO.JIH'1eCTBO oca.L(KOB, M3.J1a51
HCrrap5leMOCTb 6JIarOrrpH5ITcTBY!OT 3a60.JIa'1HBaHH!O.
Cpe.L(H 60JIOT BCCP BCTpe'13!OTC5I pa3JIH'1HbJe THrrbJ: HH311HHbJe
(eBTpo<pHbJe), rrepexO.L(HbJe (Me30Tpo<pHbJe) , BepXOBbJe (OJIHrOTpo<pHble).
I1HCTHTYTOM TOp<p3 AKa.L(eMHH HaYK BCCP Ha TeppHTopHH pecrry6-
.JIHKH Bbl.L(eJI5I!OTC5I rr5lTb OCHOBHblX TOP<p5IHbJX parroHoB:
I. CeBepHblH parroH BepxoBblX 60JIOT (XO.JIMHCTO-03epHbJrr p3UOH);
II. 3arra.L(HbJrr parroH HH3HHHblX 60JIOT (3arra.L(HbJrr KOHe'1HOMOpeHHbJrr
parroH) ;
III. UeHTpaJIbHblH parroH KpyrrHblx BepXOBbJX H HH3HHHbJX 60.10T
(paHoH Bepe3HHcKorr paBHHHbJ);
IV. BOCTo'1HbUI paiioH He60.JIbUlHX 60JIOT HH3HHHoro THrra (p3rroH
!OrO-3arra.L(HbIX CK.JIOHOB CMO.JIeHCKOH B03BbJllleHHocTH);
V. }O)KHbIH TOp<p5IHOH parroH BbJCOKOH 3aTop<poBaHHocTH C rrpe06JIa-
.L(aHHel\! HH3HHHblX TOP<p5IHHKOB. .
HH)Ke rrpHBo.L(HTC5I orrHcaHHe 3360Jl0'1eHHbJX TeppHToplirr rro YKa33H-
HbJM paHoHaM.
PauoH 8epxo8blX 60AOT p3crrpoCTpaHeH Ha ceBepe BeJIOpyccHH. OH
OXBaTbJBaeT rrO.JIHOCTb!O BHTe6cKY!O 06JIaCTb H '13CTH'1HO ceBepHbJe TIJIO-
llI,a.L(H fpO.L(HeHCKOrr H MHHcKorr 06JIaCTerr. 3a60JIo'-leHHOCTb 3Torr TeppHTo-
pHH COCTaBJI5IeT B Cpe.L(HeM 4-6 %. JJ,.JI51 orrHCbIBaeMoro parroH3 xapaK-
TepHo lllHpoKoe pa3BHTHe Ha 3Ha'-lHTeJIbHbJX rr.JIOlll,a.L(51x BepXOBbJX H HH3HH-
HbJX 60.JIOT, rrpH'-IeM rrpe06.J1a.L(3!OIlI,HMH 51BJI5I!OTC5I BepXOBbJe. H3H60.JIee
UlHpoKoe pacrrpoCTpaHeHHe OHH HMelOT B JJ,HcHeHcKorr Brra.L(HHe H 110.110«-
KOH HH3MeHHOCTH. K !O)KHOH '-IaCTH paHoHa YBeJIWIHBaeTC5I KO.JIWleCTBO
HH3HHHbJX 60.JIOT (HapO'1aHO-BHJIeHCKa5l, LJalllHHKCKa51 HH3MeHHocTH).
Top<poHaKOrr.JIeHHe rrpoTeKaeT B YCJIOBH5IX H36bIT0'1HOrO )'BJIa)KHeHH5I, 1JTO
06YCJIOBJIeHO 06HJIbHbJMH aTMoc<pepHbJMI1 OCa.L(KaMH H Ma.JlblM rroBepxHoCT-
HbJM CTOKOM. He60JIblllHe YKJIOHbJ rrOBepXHOCTH, Her JIy60Koe 3a.JIeraHHe
BO.L(oyrropa (MopeHHbJe cyrrecH H cyr.JIHHKH, 03epHO-JIe.L(HHKOBbJe rJIHHbJ)
6.J13rorrpH5ITCTBY!OT CKOrrJIeHH!O BO.L(bl B rrOHH)KeHHbJX Y'13CTKaX H rrepe-
YB.JI3)KHeHH!O rrO'-lB H HX 336oJI3'-1HB3HH!O. Ha 3Ha'1HTeJIbHbJX rr.JI01ll,3.L(51X




rH,ZJ:PorEO.TJOrl151 3ABOJI04EHHbIX TEPPl1TOPl1Y1


339


IlO.JIO
KOH H Cypa:tKCKOH HH3HH paCrrpOCTpaHeHbI H113I1HHbIe 60.JIOTa, KOTO-
pbIe HBJIHlOTCH CJIe,ZJ:CTBl1eM yracaHHH H 3apaCTaHHH 03ep, 0 qeM CBI1,ZJ:e-
TeJIbCTBYlOT qaCTO BCTpeqalOllJ,HeCH OCTaTOqHbIe 03epKI1 (LJHCTHK, OCTpO-
BHJIbHH) H OKHa qHCTOH BO,ZJ:bI Ha 60JIOTHbIX MaCCHBaX. Ha TaKI1X 60JIOTaX
MI1HepaJIbHbIM OCHOBaHHeM CJIy:tKaT 03epHbIe cyrrecH, cyrJIHHKH, qaCTO
3aHJIeHHbIe. Hil:tKHHH qaCTb TaKHX TopqmHHKoB CJIO:tKeHa OCOKOBO-rI1rrHO-
BbIM TOP<POM, B BepXHerr qaCTI1 rrpe06JIa,ZJ:aeT C<parHYM, 4TO CBH,ZJ:eTeJIbCTByeT
o CMeHe pe:tKHMa rrHTaHHH 60JIOTa BO BpeMeHH. HH3HHHbIe 60JIOTa TaK:tKe
pa3BHTbI Ha yqaCTKaX UlHpOKI1X ,ZJ:OJII1H peK Eepe3HHbI, J1oBa,ZJ:I1, OBCHHKI1,
Y CBHqH, )],PHCBHTbI, J],HCHbI, BHJIHI1, UHbI, H a poqa, YUII1, I1CJ10qI1,
5lplllOBKH H MHorHX ,ZJ:PYrHX, a TaK:tKe Ha Teppacax p. 3arr. J],BHHbI, Ha
rrorrMax H Teppacax ueJIoro pH,ZJ:a 03ep, KOTopbIe HMelOT lllHpOKoe pacrrpo-
CTpaHeHHe B orrHCblBaeMOM parrOHe. KpoMe Toro, B rrpe,ZJ:eJIax J],HCHeHCKOH
HI13HHbI BCTpe4alOTCH 3a60JIoqeHHbIe CTapOpeqbH pa3JIHqHbIX peK. Ha lOre
rrepBoro parrOHa HH3I1HHbIe CTapH4HbIe 60JIOTa BCTpeqalOTCH pe,ZJ:KO.
lllHpoKo pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI BepXOBbIe 60JIOTa, rrpe,ZJ:CTaBJIHlOllJ,He C060H
,ZJ:peBHe03epHble KOTJIOBHHbI, BbIllOJIHeHHb1e c<parHOBbIMI1 TOp<pHHHKaMH.
BepXOBbIe 60JIOTa BCTpeqalOTCH Ha pa3JIHqHbIX reOMop<POJIOrHqeCKHX 3JIe-
MeHTa X H rHrrCOMeTpHqeCKHX ypOBHHX. OHH rrpHypOqeHbI K HaH60JIee rrOHH-
:tKeHHbIM yqaCTKaM Teppac H BO,ZJ:opa3AeJIOB, ApeBHHM ,ZJ:OJIHHaM CTOKa,
3aMKHYTbIM KOTJIOBI1HaM H BrraAHHaM cpe,ZJ:H MopeHHbIX H 3aH,ZJ:pOBbIX
paBHHH, a TaK:tKe KOHeqHOMOpeHHbIX rpH,ZJ:. B ,ZJ:HHllJ,ax 6aJIOK, OBparOB,
,ZJ:peBHHX rrpOXO,ZJ:HbIX ,ZJ:OJIHH H ,ZJ:OJIHH peK B pe3YJIbTaTe BbIKJIHHHBaHH5I
rrOA3eMHbIX BO,ZJ: H CTOKa HX rro BO,ZJ:oyrropHbIM rropO,ZJ:aM, 06pa3YlOTCH qaCTO
HH3HHHbIe 60JIOTa.
KOH<pHrypauHH H <pOpMbI 60JIOT BCTpeqalOTCH caMbIe pa3Ho06pa3HbIe,
OT B
THHYTWX rrpO,ZJ:OJIrOBaTWX ,ZJ:O oKpyrnwx H HerrpaBHJIbHWX reOMeTpH-
qeCKHX <pOpM B 3aBHCI1MOCTH OT rrpOHCXO:tK,ZJ:eHHH HH3HH, BbIllOJIHeHHbIX
60JIOTHbIMH 06pa30BaHHHMH. TepMOKapCTOBble 60JIOTa rrOBTopHlOT <POPMY
BbITaHBlllero nb,ZJ:a, CTap114Hbie - <pOpMbl CTapl11J. peK.
Top<pa, BbIllOJIHHlOllJ,He HI13I1HHbIe 60JIOTa, B OCHOBHOM HBJIHlOTCH OCO-
KOBbIMH, rrepeXO,ZJ:Hble - OCOKOBO-rl1rrHOBbIMl1, BepXOBbie - rrYlllH
e-c<parHO-
BbIMH. CTerreHb pa3JIO:tKeHH5I HX caMaH pa3Ho06pa3HaH. Top<p 6ypbIrr, qep,
Hblrr, KOpI1'lHeBaTo-6YPbIrr C rronypa3JIO:tKHBllll1MHCH OCTaTKaMH ,ZJ:peBeCHHbl.
I1H or,ZJ: a opraHoreHHble OTJIO:tKeHHH 60JIOT qepe,ZJ:ylOTcH C 03epHbIMI1
HJIH xeMoreHHbIMH OTJIO:tKeHHHMH. MOllJ,HOCTb 60JIOTHbiX OTJIO:tKeHHrr KOJIe6,
JIeTCH B lllHpOKHX rrpeAeJIaX OT 0,5 ,ZJ:O 8.M (rrpe06JIa,ZJ:aeT 2-3 .M). Ha
KparrHeM 3arra,ZJ:e 3Toro parroHa MOllJ,HOCTb 60JIOTHbIX OTJIO:tKeHHrr H3Me-
HHeTCH B OCHOBHOM OT 0,2 AO 4.M, ,ZJ:OCTHr aH B pe,ZJ:KHx CJIyqaHX 1-2.M.
JOiKHee lllYMHJIHHo-LJalllHHKH HaH60JIee pacrrpoCTpaHeHHaH MOllJ,HOCTb
cOBpeMeHHbIx 60JIOTHbIX OTJIO:tKeHHrr COCTaBJIHeT 0,4-5 .M H B eAHHHqHbIX
CJIyqaHX - 60JIee 10 .M. IloqTH BCH TOJIllJ,a 3TI1X OT JIO:tKeHI-Irr 06Bo,ZJ:HeHa.
Lly6HHa YCTaHOBI1BlllHXCH YPoBHerr BO,ZJ:bI OT rroBepxHocTH 3eMJIH Ha Kparr-
HeM 3arra,ZJ:e H3MeHHeTCH OT 0,00 ,ZJ:O 0,80.M, Ha XOpOlliO ,ZJ:peHHpyeMbIx
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HaJIbHble OT JIO:tKeHHH BaJIAarrCKOro
H MOCKOBCKoro OJIe,ZJ:eHeHHrr, cOBpeMeHHbIe H ApeBHeaJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIe OTJIO-
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22*'




340


rH
PorEonorHH 3ABOn04EHHWX TEPPHTOPHR


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YMeHbUlaeTCH Ha 0,4-0,7 M.
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113-3a BbICOKOH )KeCTKOCTH H 60JIbUlOrO cO,lI,ep)KaHHH )Kene3a ,lI,lIH
X03HHcTBeHHoro H rrpoMbIUlneHHoro rrpHMeHeHHH 3TH BO,lI,bI HerrpHrO,lI,HbI,
a opraHH4eCKaH 3arpH3HeHHOCTb ,lI,enaeT COBepUleHHO HeB03MO)KHbIM HX
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3ana8H.blU pauoH. H.U3UH.H.blX 60AOT OXBaTblBaeT rr04TH BClO fpoRHeH-
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a TaK)Ke ,lI,pyrHe rrOHH)KeHHH Cpe,lI,H 03epHO-JIe,lI,HHKOBbIX HH3HH, TaKHx, KaK
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HbIH YKJ10H ,lI,OJIHH, 3aTpY,lI,HHlOIII.HH CTOK, BbICOKHH ypoBeHb CTOHHHH rpYH-
TOBbIX BO,lI" 06HnbHble aTMOC<pepHble Oca,lI,KH (rropH,lI,Ka 600-650 M.Mj208).
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06YCJIOBneHHoe <popMaMH peJlbe<pa, BblCOKoe rrOJIO)KeHHe ypOBHH rpYHToBbIX
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B ce6e 60JIbUlOe KOJIH4eCTBO BO,lI,bI, TOp<p aKKYMy.JIHpyeT aTMOC<pepHble IT
rroBepxHocTHbIe BORbI, HH<pHJIbTpaLLHH KOTOpbIX B TOp<pax B HH)KHHe ropH-
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fH,il,POfEOJlOfH51 3AB0J10'-lEHHbIX TEPPHTO,pHI'I


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Ta6JJ!J
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XIIMII'IeCKllii COCTaB BO)). TOpcpllHIIKOB 3ana)).lIoro paiioHa


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ll.eH.TpaAbH.bLU pauoH. KpynH.bLX 8epxo8bLX U H.U3UH.H.bLX 60AOT OX8aTbt-
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342


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343'


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344


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a TaK:JKe Me.JIHOpaTHBHbIX CHCTeM B paHoHe ropo)],oB JJ,pofH4HHa, I1BaHoBo,
IlHHcKa B Me:JKeHb COCTaB.JIHeT B cpe)],HeM 30 .M.
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ce4eHHH H npOTH:JKeHHocTH. O)],HaKo 60.JIbUlHHCTBO H3 HHX HaXO)],HTCH
B 3anYIll.eHHoM COCTaHHHH H ,3<p<peKTHBHoCTb HX B HaCTOHIlI.ee BpeMH
Hl:I4Ta:JKHa. IlpHMepoM MarY1 C.JIY:JKHTb )],peHa:JKHbIe KaHaBbI B paHoHe 03ep
5e.JIaro, LJepHoro, CI1apOBcKora.
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BHOr.JIH
Ha.JIbHOH paBHHHe B paHoHe ropo)],oB JJ,porH4HHa, I1BaHaBa H ,n:py-
fHX, 60JIee ,3<p<peKTHBHa. 3)],ecb BecHaH H oceHblO ypoBeHb na)],3eMHbiX BaJ!.
HaXO)],HTCH Ha r.JIy6HHe OT 0,05 )],0 0,1 .M aT naBepXHOCTH 3eM.JIH. 5.JIaro-
.il,a pH xapOUleMY )],peHa:JKY Tap<POHaKon.1eHHe 3)],eCb HH4Ta:JKHa H MHafHe
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CKBa)KI1H B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CTeneHH pa3.JIa)KeHHH Tap<pa, ero 3aH.JIeHHOCTH
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4,28 )],0 0,078-0,17 .M/CYTKU npH KO,3<p<pHIIHeHTe BO)],00T)],a4H Tap<paB
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rH)],PorEOJJOrH5I 3ABOJJO'-lEHHbIX TEPPHTOPHYI


345


MHHepaJIOrH'IeCKHM COCTaBOM IIO)],CTHJIalOllJ,HX BO)],OHOCHbIX H CJIa60Bo)],0-
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a )],JI51 HH3HHHbIX - 681,1 Me/A.. 06llJ,a51 MHHepaJIH3alI,H51 BO)], )],JI51 BepxoBbIX
60JIOT paBHa 416 Me/A. (IIO llIeCTH OIIpe)],eJIeHH51M), a )],JI51 HH3HHHbIX 60JIOT
aMIIJIHTy)],a KOJIe6aHHH 06llJ,eH MHHep3JJH3alI,HH rop33)],0 llIHpe H MHHH-
MaJIbHa51 ee BeJIH'IHH3 COCT3BJI51eT 37,6 Me/A.. )],JI51 IIepeXO)],HbIX 60JIOT
MHHHMaJIbHOe 3Ha'IeHHe 06llJ,eH MHHepaJIH3alI,HH paBHo 58;6 Me/A., 3 MaKCH-
MaJIbHOe 275,5 Me/A. (IIO llIeCTH OIIpe)],eJIeHH51M). B OCHOBHOM :JKe )],JIq
BepXOBbIX 60JIOT xapaKTepHa MHHep3JIH3alI,H51 IIOp51)],Ka 60-70 Me/A., a )],JI51
HH3HHHbIX - 220-350 Me/A..
Co)],ep:JKaHIIe HOHOB p33JIH'IHbIX KOMIIOHeHTOB )],JI51 BO)], BepXOBbIX H
rrepeXO)],H
X 60JIOT H3MeH51eTC51 IIpHMepHO B O;J.HHX rrpe;J.eJIax H X3p3KTep-
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paCTaeT H H3MeH51eTC51 OT 512 )],0 24 Me/A.; Ca 2 + )],JI51 BepXOBbIX H rrepexo;J,-
HbIX 60JIOT KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 48 )],0 3 Me/A., 3 )],JIJI HII3HHHbIX - OT 126 )],0
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(pH 5-6) H B pe)],KHx CJIY'-Ia51X KHCJIa51 (pH 1,6) H HeHTpaJIbHa51 (pH 7).
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peHHo :JKeCTKHM, 060r3llJ,eHbI :JKeJIe30M H )],JI51 rrpOMbIllIJIeHHOrO BO)],OCH36-
:JKeHH51 HerrpHro)],HbI.
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rrYTeM OCBOeHH51 3360JI0'IeHH
X TeppHTopHH.
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II 2100 IIPy)],OB C 06llJ,HM IIOJIe3HbIM 06'beMOM 4740 MJIH. M 3 , 'ITO COCT3BJI51eT
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JJHllJ, II IIPY)],OB perYJIHpOBaHHe CTOKa rr03BO/1HT HHTeHCHBHO HCIIOJIb30BaTb
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B DOJIeCbe, a H3 IIpHJIeralOllJ,eH K HeMY C ceBepa TeppHTopHH C paC'IJIeHeH-
HbIM peJIbecpOM, r)],e cpopMHpyeTC51 rrOBepXHocTHbIH CTOK. Ha 3TOH TeppH-
TOpHH, xapaKTepH3YlOllJ,eHC51 06bI'IHO cpaBHHTeJIbHO rJIy60KHMH )],OJIHH3MH
peK, Bpe3aHHbIMH B TOJIllJ,Y JIe)],HHKoBbIX H BO;J.HOJIe)],HHKoBbIX OTJIO:JKeHHH,
HMelOTCH rop33)],0 JIY'IllIHe YCJIOBH51 )],JI51 c03)],aHH51 Bo)],oeMoB. COOPY:JKeHHe
Bo)],oeMoB B XOpOllIO Bblpa:JKeHHbIX rJIy60KHX )],OJIHHaX 3a IIpe)],eJIaMH
DOJIeCb51 He yrpO:JKaeT IIO)],TOIIJIeHHeM, 3 Ha060pOT, KOMIIeHcHpyeT IIoTepro,
BO)],bI, YXO)],51llJ,eH C IIOBepXHOCTHbIM CTOKOM.
Bo)],oxpaHHJIHllJ,a H IIPY)],bI IIpe)],ycMaTpHBaeTC51 HaIIOJIH51Tb B IIepHO)],
BeceHHHX H JIeTHe-OceHHHX II3BO)],KOB, 'ITO ;J.3CT B03MO:JKHOCTb YMeHbllIHTb
pa3MepbI 11 COKpaTHTb CpOKH 3aTOrrJIeHH51 rraBO;J.KOBbIMH BO)],3MH 3eMJIH,
paCIIOJIO)KeHHble B IIOHMax 3THX peK.




F.lJABA Xl
M H)I(EH EPHO-fEOJJOfM1.J ECKA5I XAPAKTEPM CTM KA


TeppHTOpH51 pecny6J1HKH B HH:lKeHepHO-reOJlOrWleCKoM OTHOIlleHH!1
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rropo,lJ" pa3BllTbIX Ha TeppHTopHH pecrry6J1llKH, cO,lJ,ep:IKaTCH B oneTax
re0J10rOC'beMOIfHbIX pa60T M-6a I : 50000-1 : 200000 fJ1aBre0J10fllH BCCP,
a TaK:lKe B MaTepllaJIax. rrpoeKTHbIX opraHll3aIJ,llH. (BeJIIlpOMnpoeKTa, BeJ1-
rocrrpoeKTa, BeJIrllrrpOBO,lJ,X03a, MllHcKrrpoeKTa, fHrrpOCeJ1b3J'IeKTpO, fHAPO-
rrpoeKTa, DpoM3HepronpoeKTa, TpaHcMocTnpoeKTa, focropxHMrrpoeKTa

Bceco103Horo fll.l!.pOre0J10rHIfeCKoro TpeCTa H ,lJ,p.), rrpOBO,lJ,llBIlIHX HH:lKe-
HepHO-reOJIOr!1IfeCKHe HCCJleLl.OBaHHH Ha He60.JIbIllHX n.JIOIll,a,lJ,HX.
Cpe,lJ,ll orry6J1llKOBaHHblx pa60T, xa paKTepH3YlOIlI,llX llH:lKeHepHo-reOJ10-
rllIfeCKHe YCJ10BllH BeJ10pyccHH, rrepBocTerreHHoe 3HalJ:eHlle llMelOT pa60TbI
f. B. BOrOMOJIOBa (1947), A. A. MaKKaBeeBa (1946, 1956). 113YlJ:eHllIO
HH:lKeHepHO-re0J10rHlJ:eCKllX CBOHCTB OT,lJ,eJ1bHbIX reHeTlllJ:eCKllX THrrOB rropo,lJ,
nOCBHIlI,eHbI pa60TbI l1. .n. )J,3HJ1HbI (1960, 1961), H. l1. Dap<peHoBoi'I (1960,
1961, 1963), H. l1. .noBblrllHa (1961), B. <P. BllHoKYPoBa, npOBO,lJ,llBIlIHeCH
B HHCT!1TYTe reOJlOrHlJ:eCKHX HaYK, B [10.JIHTeXHHIfecKoM HHCTHTYTe H B HH-
CTllTYTe apxllTeKTypbI II CTpOllTeJ1bCTBa AH BCCP. MaTepllaJ1bI rro llH:lKe-
HepHO-reOJIOflllJ:eCKOH xapaKTepllcTHKe rropo,lJ, TeppHTopllII BeJ10pYCCl-IH
6bUIll 0606Il1,eHbI lO. C. 3y6pllIJ,KllM II .n. M. BOJ1KOBOH. l1MH 6bI.Jla COCTaB-
/1eHa 0630pHaH llH:lKeHepHO-reO.JIOmIfeCKaH KapTa BCCP M-6a I : 2500000.
l1mKeHepHO-re0J10mIfeCKHe YCJ10BHH TeppHTopHH BCCP BeCbMa Heo,'L-
HOpO,lJ,HbI, OHll orrpe,lJ,eJ1HlOTCH TeKTOHHlJ:eCKllMH YCJ10BllHMH, oco6eHHocTHMH
pe.JIbe<pa, reO.JIOrHIfeCKHM cTpoeHHeM, a TaK:lKe <pH3HKo-MexaHHIfecKHMH
CBOHCTBaIlIll rropo,lJ" pa3BllTbIX B rrpe,lJ,eJ1ax Tex llJ1ll llHbIX paHoHoB.
Pa3Hoo6pa3He llH:lKeHepHO-re0J10fllIfeCKHX YCJ10BllH HarJ1H,lJ,HO OTpa-
:lKeHO Ha npllJ1araeMoH KapTe llH:lKeHepHO-re0J10rHlJ:eCKOrO paHoHllpoBaHllH
M-6a I: 1000000, COCTaBJ1eHHOH lO. C. 3y6pllIJ,KHM, H. 11. Dap<peHoBoH,
.n. M. BOJIKOBOH B COOTBeTCTBHH C MeTO,lJ,HIfeCKHMH YKa3aH!1RMH
BCEfHHfEO (4YPHHOB II Ll.p. 1963).
B OCHOBy rrocTpoeHHH 3TOH KapTw rr0J10:IKeH rrpllHIJ,Hrr <popMaIJ,HOHHOro
H JlllT0J10rO- re0J10rlllJ:eCKOrO aH aJ1ll3a p a3 pe30B.
[10,lJ, <popMaIJ,lleH rrOBepXHOCTHbIX OTJ10:IKeHllH rrOHllMaeTCH cOBoKyrr-
HOCTb rrapareHeTlllJ:eCKll CBH3aHHblX <paIJ,llaJ1bHbIX oc06eHHocTeH, KOTopble
06'be,lJ,llHeHbI 06Il1,llMll reolVIOp<p0J10flllJ:eCKllMll II reorpa<plllJ:eCKllMH yc.TIO-
BHHMH <pOpMHpoBaHllH nOBepxHocTHbIX OT.JIO:IKeHHH, TeCHO CBR3aHHbiMll
C HOBeHIlIeH TeKToHllKOH, KJ1llMaTOM II OJ1e,lJ,eHeHllHMll. K rroBepxHOCTHbI'Vl
OTJlO:IKeHllHM HaMll OTHOCHTCH, BCJ1e,lJ, 3a H. B. [1onoBbIM, M0J10,lJ,ble B OCHOB-
HOM KOHTllHeHTaJ1bHble 06pa30BaHllH, Hll:IKHHH rpaHllIJ,a KOTOpbIX npOBo-
Ll.llTCH rro KOHTaKTY C nopo,lJ,aMH KopeHHoH OCHOBW.
B rrpeLl.eJ1ax Be.JIOpyccllll B IfeTBepTHIfHbIX OTJ10:IKeHllRX BbI,lJ,e.JIHeTCH
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HH1KEHEPHO- rEOJl OrW.!ECI\M! XAP AI\TEPHCTHI\A


349


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cpopMaJJJI5I 0603Ha'laeTC5I KOpHL!HeBb!M JJ,BeTOM, a 1I0,n:cpopMaJJ,HH - ero
OTTeHKaMH.
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pacT Ii JIHTOJIOrH'leCKIIH COCTaB, T. e. reOJIOrO-reHeTIi'leCKHe KOMIIJIeKCbI
1I0pO,n:. ,D,Jl5I <popMaJJ,HH 1I0BepXHOCTHblX OTJlO1KeHHH KOMnJleKCbl rOpHb!X
nopo,n: Bbl,n:eJI5IlOTC5I IIpHMeHHTeJlbHO K 061lJ,elIpHH5ITblM reHeTH'leCKHM THlIa:'l
(MopeHHb!H, KOHe'lHOMOpeHHblH, cpJllOBHOr Jl5IJJ,HaJlbHb!H, 03epHO-Jle,n:HH KOBblH,
03epHO-60J!OTHb!H, aJIJllOBHaJIbHb!H).
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rpYlIlIb!, xapaKTepH3YlOllJ,HeC5I 061lJ,HOCTblO cpH3HKO-MeXaHH'leCKHX CBOHCTB,
BO,n:OlIpORHJJ,aeMOCTH, YCTOH'lHBOCTH B OTKocax H Ha CKJlOHaX H ,n:PyrHx
HH1KeHep HO- reOJlOrH'leCKHX CBOHCTB.
B cpopMaJJ,H5IX KOpeHHb!X 1I0pO,n: TeppHTopHH peclIy6J1HKH MorYT 6bITb
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nopo,n:.
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raHH5I cpYH,n:aMeHTa, B 60JIbllIIIHCTBe CBoeM He Haxo,n:5IT CBoero oT06pa1Ke-
HH5I B cOBpeMeHHoM peJlbecpe EeJlOpYCCHH, H BbI,n:eJIeHHa5I IIO reOMopcpOJlO-
rH'leCKoMY IIpH3HaKY 06JlaCTb, MOLKeT paCIIOJIaraTbC5I B npe,[l,eJIax o,[l,Horo,
,n:BYX HJlH ,n:a1Ke 'leTblpex perHOHOB, BbI,n:eJleHHbIX IIO CTPYKTypHo-TeKToHH-

eCKHM npH3HaKaM.
Ha TeppHTopHH EeJIOpYCCIIH IIO CTPYKTypHo-TeKTOHH'leCKHM IIpH3Ha-
KaM BbI,n:eJl5IlOTC5I CJle,n:YlOIlJ,He perHoHbI, oT06pa1KalOllJ,He 061lJ,ee reOJIOrH'le-

Koe cTpoeHHe H pa3BHTHe pa3JIH'lHblX Y'laCTKOB TeppHTopHH:
I. EeJIOpYCCKHi'1 MaCCHB II ero CKJIOHbI.
II. OpllIaHCKa5I Bna,n:HHa (3alIa,n:Ha5I 'laCTb MOCKOBCKOH BlIa,n:HHbl).
III. £peCTCKa5I BlIa,n:HHa.
IV_ TIpHII5ITCKa5I BlIa,n:HHa.




-350


HH)KEH EPHO- rEOJIO rl1'-IECKA5I XAP AKTEPHCTHKA


V. CeBepO-3arra,n:HbIll CKJ10H YKpaHHCKoro


KpHCTaJIJIH4eCKOro


Mac-


CHBa.
no xapaKTepy peJ1be<:j)a Ha TeppHTopHH EeJ10pYCCHH MorYT 6bITb BbI,n:e-
J1eHbI c.lJe,n:YIOII.LHe HaH60.JIee KpyrrHble 06J1aCHr (pHC. 29):


54


27'


3D'


33'


[-,-
l a J
36


PI!C. 29. CxeM3 reoMop\jJ0J10rWIeCKoro pai'IoHHpOBaHH5! DCCP
J
.o6AaCTb XDAMUCTO-.MOpeHH020 U o3epHo-AeoHU.KoB020 peJlbecjJa B npeoeJlax n.low,aou
pacnpocrpaHeHUJ1 aT JlO:JICeJ-lUU BQJlOaUCK020 OJleOeHeHU5l. P a i1 0 H hI If IT 0 .Z1, P a it 0 H hI: 1-
EaJITUHCKaH r-pH,II,a (fa - EpaCJI3BCKile rpRJJ.bl, [0 - OKpaHH3 J1aTraJIbCKOH B03BbIU1eHHocT,H);
2 - ITOJIOll,K3H HH3HHa; 3 - CBeHu,HHcKHe TpRJJ.bI: 4 - TYPOB
'IHHCKHe rpHAbI
 ,) - HeBeJlbCKO

fOPOJI:OKCK3H B03BbuneHHOCTb; 6 - Cyp3)1{CK3H HH3ilHa; 7 - J1erreJIbCKile BbICOTbI; 8 - 4aIII-
HHKCKa5l paBHHHa; 9 - BHTe6cK,aH B03BbIrneHHOCTb; 10 - Hap011<lHCKaH HH3HHa: II - ceBepHaH.
qa.CTb IBepxHe-Eepe3HHcKofi HH3HHbI; 12
 HH3HHbI .TIyqeCbI; 13 - L1y6oKCK3H HH3HHa; 14-
CefBepH3H q3CTb Op1lI3HCKOH B03BbIllIeHHOCTH; 15 - 060.1JbCKO-BepxHe
pHcCK3H HH3H'Ha; 16-
Cpe.lI:He-HeM3HcK3H HH3HH3.
11 - o6AacTb zpfliJoBo-MOpeJ-lHOcO, XOJlMUCTo-.t1.0peHH020 U fl/LOCKOBOJlHUCT020 peJlbecIJa B npe-
aeAaX nAoU{aou pacnpOCTpaHeHUR OTAO:JfCeJ-lUU ..M.OCKOBCK020 oJleOeJ-leHuR: 17
 BepxHe-Ee1pe-
3HHCK3H 'HH3HH3; 18 - BHJIetkK3H HH3H'H3; 19..- BHxpaHcKoe BO.1HHCToe nJI3TO; 20 - K))KHI3ff
q3CTb Oplll3HCKOH B03BbIllleHHOCTH; 21 -- OIllM51HCK:JH B03BblilleHHOCTb; 22 - J1HJJ:CK'351 P3B-
lIHHa; 23 -- BepxHe-iHe'M3HCK3H HH3'HH3; 24 - MHIICK351 B'03BbIIlleHHQCTb (24 a - 3aCJl3BJlbCKRe
BbICOTbl, 240 -----.0 nJIellleHHIl,Ka51 B03BbI'llleHH'OCTb, 24B - LJ,3ep.mHHcKHe BbICOTbI, 24r - ,EOPHCOB-
CK351 rp51Aa); 25 - K)rO-33n3AH351 BeTBb EenoPyccKOH rpH.lI:bI, 25a - fpO,II.HeHCK3H B03BbIllIeH-
HOCTb, 256 - BOJIKOBbICKaH B03BbIIlIeH'HOCTb, 25B - CJIOHHMCK351 B03BbIllleHHOCTb; 25r - HbBO-
rpYJJ.cK3H 'B03iBbIllleHHOCTb, 25n, - KOnbIJIbCK3H rpH;J:'3 H a6p3M.T!HlOIL!,>He ee paBHHHbl); 26-
cCelBepHa51 q3CTb npH6yrcKoH paBHilHbl; 27 - Eap3HOBHqCKa51 paBl\Hila; 28 -lJ,eR'rpaJlbRO-
Eepe3H'HCKaH p3BHHH3; 29 - 4eqepCKa51 p3BHHH3; 30 - !v101fHJIeBCKaH nOBbIllIeHH351 p,3BHHH3.
III - o6AacTb nJlOCKOBOAJ-lUCT020 peJlbecjJa B npe{JeJiax l1JloUl,aou pacnpoCTpaHeJ-lUR OTAO-
:JfCeHUU aHenpOBCKOZO OAeaeHeJ-lUR: 31 - K)f(H3H Q3CTb TIpH6yrcKoH p3BHHHbI; 32 - IO)KHaH
LJ3CTb lJ,eHTp3
lbHo.Eepe3HHcKoH p3B'HIfHLJ; 33 - 4eQepCKa51 p3BHHH3; 34 - fQlfO-BOCrollH3R
Q3CTb MOfHJ!eBcKoH nOBbIllieHHoH P3BHHHbt.
IV - 06J!aCTb paBHuHHo20 peJlbeqJD B npeiJeAax nJlou;aiJu pacnpoCTpaHeHufl OTJlOCJICeHUii
iJHenpoBCKo20 OJleiJeHeHuR (flo.1eccKafl HU3uHa): 35 - EpecTcKoe f10JleCbe (35 a - 3aro-
pOJlbe, 356 - MyxaBel\KaH paBHHlia); 36 - f1plillHTCKoe f10JleCbe; 37 - M03b!pCKaH paBH'llia;
38 -----. ,OpH;J:HenpOBCKa51 HH3MeHHOCTb.
FpaHUlI,bt oJle8eHeHuu: a -- B3JI.!t!3i1cKOro
 6 - MOCKoBCKoro


A. XOJIMHCTO-MOpeHHbIH H 03epHO-JleJJ,HHKOBbIH peJIbe<:j) B npeJJ,eJ1aX
rrJ10II.La,n:H paCrrpOCTpaHeHH5I OTJ10:IKeHHH BaJ1,n:allCKOrO OJ1eJJ,eHeHHH.
E. rp5IJJ,OBO- MOpeHHbIH, XOJ1MHCTO- MOpeHHbIll H rrJ10CKOBOJlHHCTbIll
pe.1be<:j)B rrpe,II,eJ1aX rrJ10IlI,aJJ,H paCnpOCTpaHeHH5I OTJ10:IKeHHH MOCKOBCKOrO
OJle;J,eHeHH5I.




BEJIOPYCCKHn MACCHB HErO CKnOHN


351'


B. DJIOCKOBO.1JHI1CTbIH peJIbecp B npe,l1,eJIax nJIoll1.a)].11 pacnpOCTpaHeHI1H
OT JIO:IKeHI1H )].HenpOBCKoro One,l1,eHeHI15I.
r. PaBHI1HHbIH peJIbecp B npe)].e.1Jax nJIOll1.a)].11 pacnpOCTpaHeHI15I OTJIO-
:lKeHI1H ,l1,HenpOBCKoro OJIe,l1,eHeHH5I (DOJIeCCKa5I HI13I1Ha).
BHYTPI1 Ka:IKtI,OH 06JIaCTI1 no xapaKTepy pacnpOCTpaHeHI1H I1H:lKeHepHO-
reOJIOrl1IJeCKI1X KOMrrJIeKCOB rropo)]. BbI)].eJI5IlOTC5I paHOHbI. HI1:IKe rrpI1BOtI,I1TC'l
KpaTKoe Orrl1CaHl1e peJIbecpa, rl1,l1,pOrpacpl1l1, reOJIOfl1IJeCKOrO CTpOeHI15I Bblwe.
rrepeIJI1CJIeHHbIX 06JIaCTeH 11 xap aKTepHCTl!Ka HH:lKeHepHO-reOJlOrHIJeCKHX
YCJIOBI1H paHOHOB C YKa3aHI1eM HeKOTopNX CPI13I1KO-MeXaHI1IJeCKI1X CBOHCTB
(rro e,l1,I1HI1IJHbIM 3Ha IJeHI1HM), HaI160.1Jee pa3BI1TbIX B I1X rrpe)].eJIax rropo,[.
KapTa I1H)KeHepHO-reOJIOfl1IJeCKOrO paHOHHpOBaHI15I rrpe)].Ha3HaIJeHa
)].JI5I ueJIeH rrJIaHl1pOBaHI15I pa3Me
eHI15I pa3Hoo6pa3Horo CTpOI1TeJIbCTBa Ha
Teppl1TOpl111 pecrry6JII1KH, rrpe)].YCMOTpeHHoro rrepCrreKTI1BHNMI1 rrJIaHaMIl.
OHa MO)KeT 5IBI1TbCH TaK)Ke OCHOBOH )].JI5I rrJIaHl1pOBaHI15I 60JIee )].eTaJ1bHbIX
HH)KeHepHO- reonOrllIJeCKI1X I1CCJIe)].OBaHI1H pa3JII1IJHbIX paHOHOB BCCP.
CTpOHTeJIbHbIe MaTepl1aJIbI - B3JIYHHo-raJIeIJHbIH, rreCKI1, MeJI, Mepre.l1l1,
113BeCTH5IKIf If tI,OJIOMI1TbI - Ha Teppl1TOpl111 BeJIopyccl111 pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI
tI,OCTaTOIJHO WIfpOKO. OHI1 rrO,l1,p06HO Orrl1CaHbI B p5I)].e orry6JII1KOBaHHbIX
pa60T. B CBH311 C .3TI1M I1X xapaKTepHCTI1Ka He ,l1,aeTC5I, HO rrpHKJIa)].bIBaeTCH
KapTa pacrrpOCTpaHeHH5I MeCTOpO)K)].eHI1H CTpOI1TeJIbHbIX MaTepl1aJIOB,
COCTaBJIeHHa5I D. A. .neOHOBI1IJeM If H: H. 3yeBbIM 11 tI,Ono.rlHeHHaH HaMH
(pl1c. 30).


BEJIOPYCCl\Hn MACCHB HEro CKJIOHbl


BeJIOpYCCKI1H MaCCI1B - KpyrrHa5I rrOJIO)KI1TeJIbHa5I CTpYKTypa PYCCKOH
rrJI a TCPOp MbI, OXBa TbIBaeT UeHTp aJIbHYlO 'I aCTb Tep p HTOp 1111 BeJIopyccl1l1.
Ero CKJIOHbI OKOHTypI1BalOTC5I 1130JII1Hl1ei1 rrOBepXHOCTI1 KpI1CTa.1JJII1IJeCKI1X
no po)]. cpYH)].aMeHTa - 750 M.
B COCTaBe oca)].OIJHOrO rroKpoBa perIfoHa rrpl1HI1MalOT YIJaCTl1e OTJIO)Ke-
HI15I 6eJIOpyccKOH, BOJIbIHO-BaJI,l1,aHCKOH, 6aJITI1HCKOH Cepl1H, 0P,l1,OBI1K3,.
CHJJypa, CpetI,Hero )].eBOHa, lOPbI, Mena, naJIeOreHa, HeoreHa H IJeTBepTllIJHbIe
o6pa30BaHI15I. 06
a5I MOll1.HOCTb oca)].KOB KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 150 M B ueH-
TP aJIbHOH IJaCTI1 MaCCI1Ba )].0 600 M 11 60JIee Ha ero rrep I1cpep 1111.
Pa3pe3 oca)].OIJHOrO rroKpoBa Ha MaCCI1Be xapaKTepl13yeTC5I IJpe3BbJ-
IJaHHOH HeBbI)].ep)KaHHOCTblO H IJaCTbIM BblITa)].eHl1eM 113 pa3pe3a KaK ueJIbIX
CTpaTl1rpacpl1IJeCKI1X KOMrrJIeKCOB, TaK 11 OT,l1,eJIbHbIX ero rro)].pa3)].eJIeHI1H"
IJTO CBH)].eTeJIbCTByeT 0 KpyrrHbIx rrO)].HHTI15IX 11 )].JII1TeJIbHbIX rrpoueccax tI,eHY-
)].aUI1I1, KOTopbIe rrpeTeprreJI BeJIOpYCCKI1H MaCCI1B B rrpOUecce CBoero CPop-
MHpOBaHH5I .
Cpe)].11 )].OIJeTBepTI1IJHbIX OT JIO:IKeHI1H pefl10Ha p acrrpOCTpaHeHbI cJ1Je-
)].YlO
l1e reOJIOfl1IJeCKl1e cpOpMaUI1I1: MeTaMopcpl1IJeCKa5I 11 I1HTpY3I1BHa5I
(apxei1cKl1e 11 HI1)KHerrpOTep030HCKl1e OT JIO)KeHI15I), HH:lKHeTeppl1reHHa5I
(OT JIO:IKeHI15I 6eJIOpYCCKOH cepl1l1), .3cpCPY3I1BHo-oca)].OIJHa5I (KeM6pI1HCKl1e'
06pa30BaHH5I), TeppHreHHO-Kap60HaTHa5I (cpe)].He- 11 BepXHe)].eBOHCKl1e
OT JIO)KeHH5I), Kap6oHaTHa5I (OT JIO)KeHI15I Op)].OBHKa, CI1JIypa, BepXHeH lOpbI
H BepXHero MeJIa), BepXHeTeppl1reHHa5I ()].eBOHCKl1e, Tpl1aCOBbIe, cpe)].He-
lOpCKHe, rraJIeOreHOBbIe H HeoreHOBbIe OTnO:IKeHH5I).
CJIaralO
l1e cpYH)].aMeHT MeTaMopcpl1IJeCKl1e 11 HHTPY311BHbIe cpOpMaUI1H
rrpetI,CTaBJIeHbI CKaJlbHbIMI1 rropo)].aMI1 (rHeHCaMI1, rpaHI1TaMI1, rpaHOtI,110pl1-
TaMH, ra66po 11 )].p.). Dpe06JIatI,alO
I1MI1 B oca)].OIJHbIX cpOpMaUH5IX KopeH-
HbIX rropo)]. HBJI5IlOTC5I CKaJIbHbIe (113BeCTH5IKI1), CKaJIbHbIe C rrJIaCTI1IJHbIMH
(H3BeCTH5IKH, rJIHHbI), rrOJIYCKaJIbHbIe (neCIJaHHKI1, TycponeCIJaHI1KI1, MeJI,
Meprenl1, 113BeCTH5IKH-paKyweIJHI1KI1, aJIeBpOJII1TbI, )].OJIOMI1TbI), nOJIYCKaJIb-
HbIe C nJIaCTI1IJHbIMI1, a TaK)Ke neCIJaHbIe H neCIJaHbIe C nJIaCTI1IJHbIMI1'
HH:lKeHepHO-reOJlOrH'-1eCKHe rpyrrrrbI nopo)].. lllHpoKO p a3BHTa JIe)].HHKOBa5I




352


HHlKBHEPHO-fEOJIOrWIECKA51 XAPAKTEPHCTHKA


cpopMau,IlH - B COCTaBe rlOLl.cpOpMau,HH 6epe311HCKOrO, Ll.HerlpOBCKOrO,
MOCKOBCKOrO H BaJILl.aHCKOro O.1eLl.eHeHHH, CpeLl.H KOTOPb!X Ll.OMHHHPY!OT
neCqaHble H CB5I3Hble C BKJ1!OQeHHeM 06JIOMOQHbIX HH)KeHepHO-re0J10rHQe-
CKHe rpyrrrrbI KOMrrJIeKCOB rropoLl..


24°


30°


32°


6


6°


C'


1I Ii


T 0 fJ
I"
I


p


0'


c


4
C')
s
"'
.."


2


"


y


c


26°


28°


32°



I 0 2 0 3
0 B [2]9


0 4 [
Js I [J l 6
7

 10 - 1- +.: tl ll.
 tG j'1 12
- t

 :'') ' p 3


PHC. 30. KapTa MeCTOpO)K.l(eHlIll cTpOIlTeJJbHblX MaTepllaJJOB. COCTaBHJJII IT. A. J1eo-
HOBlItJ II H. 11. 3yeB
f - AOJI()M,HT
 2 - MeJI il Mep.reJIb; 3 - TpeneJIOBW)J.HhIe nopo,J,bl; 4 - rJlilHbl KHpnaQHble il
t.J:epenHt.J:Hble; 'S --- !J"JJHHbl T}'ronJIaIBKHe H Of'HeynQPHble; 6 - necqaHO-rpaBHHHbIH M8'Iepa8JI;
7 - nee-OK 6aJlJI3CTHbIH H CTPOHTE"JIbHblfi: 8 - I1eCOK cPOpMOBOt.J:HbIH; 9
 rreCOK CTeKOJIbHbIH;
10 - JIeCOK CHJIHK8THbIH; 11 - rpaHHT; 12 - TI,,71QIIJ;8'.21:H, nepocneKTHBHble ff8 Mea B KopeHHOM
3aJIenaH[HI
 13 - n.1olli,aAH, nepaneKTHBHble Ha 6aJIJI8CTHble. CTPOHTeJIbHbIe H CHJIHKaTHbIe
JH.'CKH


B npeLl.eJIaX 5eJ10pYCCKOrO MaCCHBa HerO CKJ10HOB, KaK caMOH Kpyrr-
HOH reOCTpYKTypHOH eLl.HHHIJ,bI, COCTaBHbIMH tJ'aCT5IMH BXOLl.5IT MHorHe HH:lKe-
HepHO-reOJIOrHlJeCKHe 06J1aCTH. HaH6oJ1bIllee pa3BHTHe HMeeT 06J1aCTb
rpHLl.OBO-MOpeHHoro, XOJ1MllCTO-MopeHHoro H rrJIOCKO-BOJIHHCTOro peJ1becpa
B rrpeLl.eJIax rlJIOIIJ,aLl.H pacrrpOCTpaHeHHH C rrOBepXHOCTH OTJ10)KeHHH MOCKOB-
CKoro OJIeLl.eHeHH5I. K ceBepy OHa CMeH5IeTC5I 06J1aCTb!O XOJIMliCTO-MopeH-
HOro H 03epHO-J1eLl.HHKOBOro peJIbecpa B rrpeLl.eJIax rrJ10IIJ,aLl.H pacnpOCTpaHe-
Hl1H OTJIO)KeHl1H BaJILl.aHCKOro OJ1eLl.eHeHl1H, a Ha !Ore OHa rrOCTerreHHO nepe-
X0Ll.l1T B rrJIOCKOBOJ1Hl1CTbIH H paBHl1HHbIH. peJ1becp Ll.HerrpOBCKoro OJIeLl.e-
HeHl1H.




BPECTCI<A51 BnA,IiHHA


353


OPIllAHCKASI BnAJ],HHA (3AnAJ],HASI '1ACTb MOCKOBCKOR BnA,lJ,HHbl)


OprnaHCKaH BIIaJl,IIHa paCIIOJlaraeTC5I B CeBepO-BOCT04HOll 4aCTII BeJlo-
PYCCI1H. B ee npe,IieJlax KpHCTa.lIJlIlqeCKIIIi CPYH,IiaMeHT 3aJleraeT Ha rJlY-
6IIHax 1000-1600 At. Bna,IiHHa 38nO.lIHeH8 OT.lIO:>KeHH5IMH 6e.lIOPyccKOll,
BOJIblHO-Ba.lIJI,allCKOll ceplIll, CpeJl,He- II BepXHe,IieBOHCKHMH, a TaK:>Ke 4eT-
BepTH4HbIMH IIOpOJl,aMH.
OT .lIO:>KeHlI5I 6eJlOPyccKOll II BOJlblHO-BaJlJl,allCKOll CepIIH. 06'beJl,lIHHlOTCH
B TeppHreHHYIO HH:>KHIOIO <P0PMaU.lIlO. 3TO B OCHOBHOM IIJlaCTlIqHbIe, IIJla-
CTHqHbIe C IIeCqaHbIMH H IIeC4aHbIe C II.lIaCTHqHbIMH, a TaK:>Ke pe:>Ke IIO.lIY- .
CKaJJbHbIe lIH:>KeHepHO-reOJlOrlIqeCKlIe rpYIIIIbI KOMII.lIeKCOB ropHbIX IIOpO,Ii.
MOIIJ:HOCTb HX COCTaBJl5IeT 580-700 M.
OTJlO:>KeHlI5I Cpe,IiHero ,IieBOHa, MOllJ,HOCTb KOTOpbIX Jl,OCTlIraeT 200-
300 At, IIpeJl.CTaB.lIeHbI BepxHeTepplIreHHoll <P0pMalLHell, B COCTaBe KOTOpOll
BbIJl.eJleHbI IIpeIIMYIIJ:eCTBeHHo IIeC4aHbIe C II.lIaCTH4HbIMH (IIec4aHO-rJllIHH-
CThIe) lIH:>KeHepHO-reOJlOrH1!eCKlIe rpYIIIIbI KOMn.lIeKCOB ropHbIx II op O,Ii.
BepXHeJl.eBOHCKHe OTJlO:>KeHlI5I, KOTopbIe 06'beJl.lIH5IIOTCH B TepplIreHHo-
Kap6oHaTHYIO <P0PMaU.HIO, B HH:>KHell 4aCTH CJlO:>KeHbI B pa3JllI4HbIX C04e-
TaHH5IX IIeCqaHbIMH H II.lIaCTlI4HbIMlI nOpO,IiaMII, B BepXHeH. :>Ke qaCTlI 3aJle-
ralOT CKaJlbHbJe (,IiOJlOMHTbI II ,IiO.lIOMHTH3HpoBaHHbIe H3BeCTH5IKH) II CKaJlb-
HbJe C IIJlaCTII4HbIMlI (rJllIHlICTO-Kap6oHaTHbJe) HH:>KeHepHo-reO.lIOrH4eCKHe
rpYIIIIbI KOMII.lIeKCOB IIOpOJl.. 06llJ,a5I MOllJ,HOCTb OT JlO:>KeHlIll BepxHero
Jl,eBOHa Jl.OCTHraeT 160-180 M.
B IO:>KHOH 4aCTH pemoHa pa3BlITbI IOpcKlIe II MeJlOBbIe OTJlO:>KeHlI5I.
MOllJ,HOCTb IOpCKHX OTJlO:>KeHIIH, KOTopbIe OTHOC5ITC5I K BepxHeTeppmeHHoH
<popMalI,lIlI II IIpeJl.CTaBJleHbJ IIeCKaMlI, rJJHHaMH H a.lIeBpO.lIHTaMH, COCTaB-
.lI5I eT 70 At. Ma.lIOMOllJ,HbIe ( 10-15 M) KB aplI,eBO-r JlaYKOHlITOBbIe IIeCKH
ceHOMaHCKoro B03pacT3, a T3K:>Ke TOJlllJ,a (10-45 At) IIOJlYCKaJlbHbIX (Mep-
re.lIbHO-Me.lIOBbIx) IIOpOJl. BepxHero MeJla (Kap6oHaTHoH <popMalI,HH) B .onoH
qaCTll perIIoHa 3aJleraIDT HeIIOCpe,IiCTBeHHo IIOJl. qeTBepTlIqHbJMlI OTJlO:>Ke-
HlIHMIL
MOlli,HOCTb KOMIIJleKCa qeTBepTl!4HbJX o6pa30BaHHH H3MeH5IeTC5I OT
HeCKOJlbKIIX MeTpoB (B Jl.O.lIHHaX peK 3aII. LLB II HbI II LLHeIIpa) ,IiO 100.+1-
H 60Jlee (Ha BOJl.03a6opax), a B OCHOBHOM He IIpeBbIlliaeT 40-60 M.
DOBepxHocTHbIe OT.lIO:>KeHH5I IIpe,IiCTaBJleHbI JleJl.HHKOBOll <popMalI,HeH,
Cpe,IiH KOTOpOH BbI,Iie.lI5IIOTC5I IIO,Ii<popMalI,HH ,IiHenpOBcKoro, MOCKOBCKoro II
BaJlJl.allCKOro OJIeJl.eHeHlIH, B lIX COCTaBe IIpeo6.lIa,IiaIDT neC4aHbIe, CB5I3HbIe
C BK.lII04eHIIeM 06JlOM04HbIX II CB5I3HbJe lIH:>KeHepHO-reO.lIOrlI4eCKlie rpYIIIIbJ
KOMnJJeKCOB IIOpOJl,.
CeBepHa5I 4aCTb perHoHa OTHOCHTC5I K 06JlaCTH XOJlMHCTO-MopeHHoro
H 03epHO-.TJe,IiHHKOBoro pe.lIbe<pa B npe,IieJlax II.lIOllJ,aJl,II pacIIpoCTpaHeHH5I
OTJlOlKeHIIll BaJIJl.aH.CKOrO OJJeJl.eHeHll5I. Ha lOre OHa CMeH5IeTC5I 06.lIaCTblO
rp5IJl.OBO- MopeHHoro, XOJlMIiCTO- MopeHHoro II nJlOCKOBOJlHllCTOro peJJbe<p a
B IIpeJl.e.lIax IIJlOllJ,aJl.H paCIIpOCTpaHeHII5I OT.lIO:>KeHIIH MOCKOBCKoro OJleJl,e-
HeHH5I H OT4aCTH 06.lIaCTblO IIJlOCKOBO.lIHIICToro pe.lIbe<pa B IIpeJl,e.lIax II.lIO-
llJ,a,IiH pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I OT .lIO:>KeHHH ,IiHeIIpOBCKoro O.lIeJl,eHeHH5I.


6PECTCKASI BnAJ],HHA


PaCIIO.lIO:>KeHHa5I Ha IOrO-3ana,Iie pecIIy6.lIHKH BpeCTCKa5I BIIaJl.HHa
(qaCTb DOJlbCKO-J1HTOBCKO
 BIIaJl,HHbI) OK8HM.lI5IeT C lOrO-3aIIaJl,a Be.lI0pyc-
CKliH MaCCIiB. r Jly6IIHa 3aJleraHH5I <PYHJI,aMeHTa B ee IIpe,IieJIax KO.lIe6.lIeTC5I
OT 1000 Jl.O 2500 M (B p-He r. BpecT3 H r. IIOC. BbIcoKoro). '
B OcaJl,04HOM KOMIIJleKCe KopeHHblx OTJlO:>KeHlIll .oJTOrO pemOHa BbIJI,e-
Jl5IlOTC5I HH:>KHeTeppHreHH8H (KeM6pHH), K8p6oHaTHa5I (Op,IiOBHK, CIIJJYP,
23 3aK. 04368




354'


HHlKEHEPHO-rEOJlOr,W-lECKA51 XAPAKTEPHCTHKA


nepMb, IOpa H MeJI) H BepXHeTeppHreHHa51 (naJIeOreH, HeoreH) <popMaLLHH

KOTopble BbIIlle nepeKpbIBalOTC5I no,n:<popMaLLH5IMH 6epe3HHCKoro, ,n:HenpOB-
CKoro H qaCTHqHO MOCKOBCKoro OJIe,n:eHeHHH.
B COCTaBe <popMaLLHH KopeHHbIX OTJIOlKeHHH npe06JIa,n:alOT nOJIYCKaJlb-
Hble (MeJI, MepreJIb, lIeCqaHHK), nOJIYCKaJIbHble C nJIaCTHqHbIMH (I' JIHHHCTble
nopo,n:bI), neCqaHble, nJIaCTHqHble C neCqaHbIMH H nJIaCTHqHble HHlKeHepHO-
reOJlOmqeCKHe KOMnJIeKCbI ropHbIX 1I0pO,n:. .ne,!!,HHKOBa51 <popMaLLH5I npe,n:-
CTaBJIeHa neCllaHbIMH H CB5I3HbIMH C BKJIlOqeHHeM 06JIOM04HbIX rpYlInaMIi
nopo,!!,.
B reOMop<pOJIOrH4eCKOM OTHOIlleHHH B IIpe,n:eJIax ::noro perHOHa HMeeT
pacnpOCTpaHeHHe nJIOCKOBOJIHHCTWH H paBHHHHWH peJlbe<p.


nPHn
TCKA
.BnAAHHA
I1pHn5lTCKa51 Bna,!!,HHa (ceBepO-3ana,n:Ha51 OKpaHHa LlHenpoBcKo-LloHeLL-
KOH Bna,n:HHbI) paCnOJIOlKeHa Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe .5eJIOPYCCHH H pa3,!!,eJI5IeT
YKpaHHCKHH H .5eJIOpYCCKHH MaCCHBbl. r JIy6HHa 3aJIeraHH5I KpHCTaJIJIH4e-
CKoro <PYH,n:aMeHTa B ee IIpe,n:eJIaX KOJIe6JIeTC5I 0'1' 1500--2000 M Ha 3ana,!!,-
HOll H BOCTOlJHOH IIpHno,n:H5ITOH lJaCT5IX H ,n:o 4000--5000 M B HaH60JIee
norpYlKeHHoH LLeHTpaJIbHOH lJaCTH.
I1pHII5ITCKa51 BlIa,!!,HHa BbmOJIHeHa MOIlJ,HOH TOJIllJ,eH naJIe030HCKHX H
Me30-KaHH030HCKl:IX 06pa30BaHHH. Ha KpHCTaJIJIH4eCKHX (cKaJIbHblx) 1I0pO-
,n:ax <PYH,n:aMeHTa B 3ana,n:HoH lJaCTH perHOHa 3aJIeralOT neClJaHble C nJIa-
CTH4HbIMH H IIJIaCTHlJHble C neC4aHbIMH (lIec4aHo-r JIHHHCTble) 1I0pO,n:bI
HHlKHeTeppHreHHoH <popMaLLHH, CJIOlKeHHOH OTJIOlKeHH5IMH 6eJIOpYCCKOH
H BOJIbIHO-BaJI,n:aHcKoH cepHH. B. BOCTOlJHOH lJaCTH pemOHa .3Ta <popMaLLH5I
oTcyTcTByeT H Ha <PYH,!!,aMeHTe 3aJIeralOT CKaJIbHble H nOJIYCKaJIbHble (Kap-
60HaTHble) nopo,!!,w BepxHeTeppHreHHoH <popMaLLHH cpe,!!,Hero ,n:eBOHa
(l20--250M), a TaKlKe MOIlJ,Hble lIeClJaHO-rJIHHHCTWe, Kap60HaTHble H raJIO-
reHHbIe OTJIOlKeHH5I (250--3000 M) TeppHreHHo-Kap60HaTHoH H COJleHOCHOH
<popMaLLHH BepxHero ,!!,eBOHa.
BbIIlle IIO pa3pe3Y 3aJIeraIOT II opO,!!,bI BepxHeTeppHreHHoH <popMaLLHH
KaMeHHoyrOJIbHOrO, nepMo-TpHacoBoro, IOpcK,oro, naJIeOreHOBoro H Heore-
HOBOI'O B03pacTa, a TaKlKe BepXHeMeJIOBble nopo,n:bI Kap60HaTHoH <popMa-
LLHH. B OTJIOlKeHH5IX BepxHeTeppHreHHoH <popMaLLI1H npe06JIa,!!,alOT lIeClJa-
Hble, neClJaHl>le C nJIaCTHlJHbIMH, IIJIaCTHlJHble C neClJaHbIMH H IIJIaCTHlJHble
HHlKeHepHO-reOJIOrH4eCKHe rpynlIbI KOMnJIeKCOB nopo,n:. Kap60HaTHa51 <pop-
MaLLli5! nOlJTH HCKJlIOIJHTeJIbHO COCTOHT H3 nOJIYCKaJIbHbIX rpYIIII KOMnJIeKCOB.
nopo,!!,.
LlOlJeTBepTH4Hble OTJIOlKeHH5I nOBceMeCTHO nepeKpbIBaIOTC5I cpaBHH-
Te-JIbHO He6oJIbIlIOH no MOIlJ,HOCTH TOJlIlJ,eH (20--70 oM) nopo,n: lJeTBepTHlJ-
Horo B03pacTa, cpe,!!,H KOTOpbIX npeo6JIa,!!,aeT no,!!,<popMaLLH5I JIe,!!,HHKOBbIX
OTJIOlKeHHH ,!!,HenpoBcKoro OJIe,!!,eHeHH5I'; GHa IIpe,n:cTaBJIeHa neC4aHbIMH,
lIeC4aHbIMH co CB5I3HbIMH C BKJIlOlJeHHeM' 06JIOMOlJHbIX HHlKeHepHO-reOJIOrH-
4eCKHMM rpynrraMM KOMIIJIeKCOB nopo,n:.
B npe,n:eJIax paccMaTpHBaeMoro perIWHa paenOJlOlKeHa I10JIeCCKaR
HH3HHa.


CEBEPHA
 OKPAHHA YKPAHHCKoro, KPHCTA
nHqECKOrO MACCHBA


CeBepO-3ana,n:Ha51 oKpaHHa YKpaHHcKoro KpHCTaJIJIHlJ'eCKOrO MaCCHBa
3aHHMaeT JIHIllb He60JIbillYlO lJaCTb IOra .5eJIOpyccHH. r JIy6HH3 3aJleraHlift',
H3BeplKeHHblx H MeTaMoP<PHlJeCKHX (cKaJIbHblx) nopo,n: 3,!!,eCb KOJIe6JIeTC51
0'1' 5 ,!!,O 40 M; JIHillb B e,n:HHH4HbIX CJIY4a5lx IIOpO,!!,bI <PYH.!l.aMeHTa 06pa3YIOT
BbIXO,n:bI H8 ,n:HeBHYIO nOBepXHOCTb. OHM nepeKpbITbI OTnOlKemIjlIMH Kap60-
HaTHoH (BepXHM'H Men) H BepXHeTeppnreHHOH (naJIW-reHOBbIMM H Heore





CEBEPHA51 OKPAHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAJI.T1H4. MACCHBA


35



HOBbLMH) <popMau,H5!MH., a TaK:lKe rropO)J,aMli 4eTBepTH4Horo B03paCTa,
rrpe)J,CTaBJleHHbLMH rrO)J,<popMaLweH Jle)J,HHKOBbLX OTJlO:IKeHHH )J,HerrpOBCKoro
OJle)J,eHeHM5!.
Cpe)J,H Ka p60HaTHOH <popMa U,HH rrpe06JlaJJ,alOT rrOJlYCKaJlbHbLe (MeJl,
MepreJlb) rropO)J,bL B BepXHeTeppHreHHOH <popMarJ:HH llIHpOKO pacrrpOCTpa-
HeHbL rreClJaHbLe, a TaK:lKe rreC4aHbLe C rrJlaCTHlJHbIMH HH:lKeHepHO-reOJlOrH-
lJeCKHe rpyrrrrbl KOMrrJleKCOB rropo)J,.
f1oBepxHOCTHble OTJlO:IKeHHH rr04TH rrOBceMeCTHO rrpe)J,CTaBJleHbl rreC4a-
HblMH H JlHllIb B OT)J,eJlbHbIX CJlYlJaHX rrJlaCTHlJHblMH C BKJl104eHHeM o6Jlo-
MOlJHblX rpyrrrraMH rropo)J,.
CeBepHaH OKpaHHa YKpal1HCKOrO KpHCTaJIJI114eCKOro MaCCHBa B rrpe-
)J,eJlax 5eJIOpYCCHH COBrra)J,aeT C lO:lKHblMH CKJlOHaMH f10JleCCKOH HH3HHbI.


OO/laCmb XOll.M-UCmO-.M-opeHHOZO U 03epHO-/l.eOHU1WBOZO pe/l.betjJa.
B npeiJe/l.ax n/l.Ol
aiJu pacnpOcmpaHeHUfl Om.l/.OJICeHUU
Ba/l.OaUClWZO O/l.eOeHeHUfl


Ha ceBepe 5eJlOpYCCHH, B rrpe)J,eJlax pa3BHTHH Jle)J,HHKOBbIX OTJlO:IKe-
HHi! 3rrOXH BaJl,II,aHCKOro OJle)J,eHeHHH, llIHpOKO pacrrpOCTpaHeHbL KpyrrHo-
rpH)J,OBO-XOJlMHCTbLe H XOJlMHCTO-3arra)J,HHHble <pOpMbl peJIbe<pa KOHe4HO-
MopeHHbIX 06pa30BaHHH. f10)J,lJHHeHHOe 3HalJeHHe HMelOT BOJIHHCTble MopeH-
HbLe paBHHHbl H rrJIOCKHe rrOHH:lKeHH5! 03epHO-JIe)J,HHKOBoro peJlbe<pa. cha'
TeppHTopHH OTJlHlJaeTCH 60JIbllIHM cBoeo6pa3HeM, 6J1arO)J,apH XOpOlliO
coxpaHHBllIHMCH <popMaM peJlbe<pa Jle)J,HHKOBOH aKKYMYJlHli,HH BaJl)J,aHCKoro'
OJle)J,eHeHHH.
LI.JlH Bcex THrrOB peJlbe<pa ceBepa 5eJlOpYCCHH xapaKTepHbLM HBJIHeTCH
HaJlHlJHe 60JlbllIOrO KOJlHlJeCTBa 03ep H 6eCCTOlJHblX 3arra)J,HH. PelJHble
)J,OJIHHbL MOJIO)J,ble C KpYTblMH CKJIOHaMH OTHOCHTeJlbHO Y3KHe, C HeUlHpo'-
KHMH TeppacaMH, rJIy6HHa Bpe3aHHH )J,OJlHH peK )J,ocTHraeT 20-40 M.
Ha TeppHTopHH 06JIaCTH BbL)J,eJIHlOTCH MHOrOlJHCJIeHHbLe B03BbLllIeHHo-,
CTH H rpH,II,bL, CJlO:IKeHHble KOHelJHOMOpeHHbLMH o6p a30BaHHHMH BaJl)J,ai'J.i
CKoro JIe)J,HHKa. HaH60Jlee KpyrrHbLMH H3 HIlX HBJIHlOTCH: CBeHu,HHcKHe K
5paCJlaBCKHe rpH)J,bL, a TaK:lKe OpllIaHo-BHTe6cKaH H HeBeJlbCKO-rOpO)J,OK-
CKaH B03BbLllIeHHOCTH. ¥Ix a6COJIlOTHbLe OTMeTKH KOJle6JllOTCH OT 180 )J,()<"
300 M. OTHOCIlTeJlbHble rrpeBbLllIeHHH XOJIMOB Ha)J, oKpY:IKalOIlI,HMH HH3H':
HaMH 4aII.Le Bcero COCTaBJlHlOT 5-50 M, O)J,HaKO HHorJJ,a JJ,OCTHralOT 110-
140 M. XOJIMbl H rpH)J,bL CJlO:IKeHbL HeoJJ,Hopo)J,HbIMH rro COCTaBY rpy6bLMH
BaJlYHHblMH cyrJlHHKaMH, cyrrecHMH, rreCKOM C rpaBHeM, raJlbKOH H BaJIY-
HaMH.
MopeHHble paBHHHbL 06bLlJHO CJlO:IKeHbI rpy6bLMH cyrrecHMH H cyrJlHH-
KaMH C JlHH3aMH rreCKa H 60JIbllIHM KOJIHlJeCTBOM BaJlYHHo-raJIe4HOrO MaTe-
pHaJla. 3TH YlJaCTKH MaJloo6BO)J,HeHbL, xapaKTepH3YlOTCH BbLCOKOH YCTOH-
lJHBOCTblO rpYHTOB H MorYT CJlY:IKHTb Ha)J,e:IKHbIM OCHOBaHHeM JJ,JlH JI106bLX,
BH)J,OB coopY:IKeHHH. O)J,HaKO rrpH Oli,eHKe HX HH:lKeHepHO-reOJIOfHlJeCKHX
YCJIOBHH CJle)J,yeT YlJeCTb 66JlbIlIYlO HeBbL)J,epmaHHOCTb JlHTOJlOfH4eCKoro
COCTaBa rropoJJ, B pa3pe3e H rro rrpOCTHpaHHlO.
03epHO-JIe)J,HHKOBble paBHHHbL (f10JlOli,KaH H )J,p.) pacrrOJIO:IKeHbL B rrpe-
JJ,eJlax cpe)J,HeH lJaCTH 6acceHHa peKH 3arr. ,l1,BHHbl II ee KpyrrHblx rrpHTOKOB:
,l1,HCHbl, LI.pHCCbl H Bbl)J,eJIHlOTCH B peJIbe<pe ceBepa 5eJlOpYCCHH KaK rrJlO-
CKHe, CJla60BOJlHHCTble, rr<?JIOrOBorHYTble KOTJIOBHHbI. Ha MHorHX YlJaCTKaX
rrOBepXHOCTb HX 3a6oJ'IolJeHa, 3aTop<poBaHa H paClJJIeHeHa KOTJlOBHHaMH
MHOrOlJHCJleHHbIX 03ep. UlHpOKoe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe rrOJlYlJHJlH 3)J,eCb 30JlO-
Bble H KaMOBble XOJlMbl H rp5!JJ,bl, OTHOCHTeJlbHOe rrpeBblllIeHHe KOTOpbLX
JJ,OCTHraeT 10-25 M.
HaH60JIee KpyrrHoH BOJJ,HOH apTepHeH 06JIaCTH HBJlHeTCH 3arr. ,l1,Bl1H3..
OHa rrepeceKaeT paCCMaTpHBaeMYlO 06JIaCTb B IlIHpOTHOM HarrpaBJleHHH'
2;)*




356


HH)I(EiHEPHO- rEOJlO rH4ECI\A51 XAP AKTE PHCTHI\A


C BOCTOKa Ha 3arra,LJ.. IllllpllHa PYCJla p. 3arr. ,l1,BllHbI He rrpeBbIIllaeT 180 M,
rJly6llHa ,LJ.OCTllraeT 1,5-2,5 M. ,l1,OJlllHa 3arr. ,l1,BllHbI II ee rrpllTOKOB (peKll
KaCrrJlll, Y CB5I'lH, Y JlJlbI, ,l1,llCHbI, ,l1,PllCCbI, C apbHHKll II ,LJ.p.) XOpOillO BbIp a-
LKeHbI B peJIbe<pe, llMelOT rrorrepe4Hoe CeLJeHHe 6Jlll3KOe K V-06pa3HbIM.
B MeCTax rrepeCeLJeHHH MopeHHbIx B03Bb!llieHHOCTeu ,LJ.OJIHHa p. 3arr. ,l1,BHHbI.
Y3KaH, ee IllllpHHa He rrpeBbIIllaeT HeCKOJlbKllX COTeH MeTpOB, a B rrpe,LJ.eJIax
03epHO-Jle)J.HllKOBbIX paBHHH )J.OCTllraeT 4-10 KM. OOHMa peK BbIpa)KeHa
cJla60 H xapaKTepll3yeTcH OTHOCHTeJIbHbIMll BbICOTaMll, rrOpH,LJ.Ka 1,5-4,0 M.
OepBaH Ha)J.rroHMeHHaH Teppaca IllllpOKO pa3BllTa He TOJlbKO B ,LJ.OJIllHe
p. 3arr. ,l1,BHHbI, HO H rro HaH60Jlee KpyrrHbIM ee rrpHTOKaM. BbICOTa Tepp aCbI
YBeJIH4HBaeTCH OT 5-7 M B rrpe,LJ.eJlax Cypa:IKcKou 03epHO-JIe,LJ.HllKOBOH.
paBHHHbI ,LJ.O 7-8 M Ha OOJlOIJ,KOH Hll3llHe. IllllpHHa ee 06b!LJHO He rrpeBbI;
IllaeT 1 KM, O)J.HaKO MeCTaMH YBeJIHLJllBaeTCH ,LJ.O 3-4 KM. BTopaH Ha,LJ.rrOH-
MeHHaH Teppaca B03BbIIllaeTCH Ha 12-15 M Ha,LJ. Me:IKeHHbIM ypoBHeM BO,LJ.bI
B peKax II XOpOillO BbIpa:IKeHa Ha paBHHHHbIX Y4acTKax TeppllTopllll, r)J.e ee
nmpHHa ,LJ.OCTllraeT 5-6 KM.
MOII.LHaH TOJlII.La 4eTBepTllLJHbIX OTJlO:IKeHHH paccMaTpllBaeMoH 06JlaCTll
()J.o 100-190 M) 3aJleraeT Ha BepXHe,LJ.eBOHCKHX )J.OJlOMllTaX II ,LJ.OJIOMllTll-
3llpOBaHHbIX ll3BeCTHHKax C rrpOCJlOHMll MepreJlei1, a B lO:lKHOH II lOro-
3arra,LJ.HOH 4aCTHX 06JIaCTll Ha 'rreCLJaHO-rJlllHHCTbIX rropO,LJ.ax Cpe,LJ.HerO
)l.eBOHa. H all60JlbillHe MOII.LHOCTll rrpllyp04eHbI K YLJaCTKaM ,LJ.peBHllX rrorpe-
6eHHbIx ,LJ.OJIe)J.HllKOBbIX ,LJ.OJlllH. B )J.OJlllHe p. 3arr. ,l1,BHHbI ,LJ.eBOHCKlle OTJIO-
LKeHllH MeCTaMH HaXO)J.HTCH 6JIH3KO ()J.o 14 M) OT ,LJ.HeBHOH rroBepxHocTll,
MHor,LJ.a BCKpbITbI PYCJlOM peKll.
B TOJIII.Le 4eTBepTll4HbIX OTJlO:IKeHHH rrpOCJIe:IKHBalOTCH )J.Ba-Tpll Hall60-
JIee BbI)J.ep:IKaHHbIX ropll30HTa MopeH, pa3,LJ.eJleHHbIX B OCHOBHOM rreC4aHbIMll
Me:IKMOpeHHbIMll BO)J.HO-JIe)J.HHKOBbIMH, C JlllH3aMH 03epHO-aJIJllOBllaJIbHbIX,
o6p a30BaHHHMH.
B OCHOBaHllll LJeTBepTllLJHOH TOJlII.Lll MeCTaMH 3aJleralOT ,LJ.peBHlle
o3epHo-a/1JllOBllaJlbHbIe rJlHHllCTble rrOpO,LJ.bI H MeJlK03epHllcTbIe rrbIJleBaTbIe
neCKll, CHJIbHorYMycllpoBaHHbIe, C rrpOCJlOHMll II JlHH3aMll TOp<pa.
OCTaHIJ,bI MopeHHbIx OTJlO:IKeHllH 6epe3llHcKoro OJIe,LJ.eHeHHH BCKpblBa-
lOTCH B MeCTax Hall60JIee rJly60Kllx ,LJ.peBHllX .3p03ll0HHbIX pa3Mb1BOB. .ITllTO-
.o/10rH4eCKll OHH rrpe,LJ.CTaBJleHbI rpy6bIMH cyrrecHMH II cyrJlllHKaMH, a TaK:lKe
.OT4aCTll rreCKaMll C BKJllOLJeHHeM ,LJ.O 5% rpaBHH, raJIbKll H BaJlYHOB 06II.Leu
MOII.LHOCTblO CBbIIlle 10-20 M.
I3epe3llHCKo-,LJ.HerrpoBcKHe Me:IKMOpeHHbIe OTJlO:IKeHllH TaK:lKe He llMelOT
nmpOKoro rrJlOII.La)J.Horo pacrrpOCTpaHeHllH. OHll 3aJIeralOT Ha rJIy6llHe
").0-100 M H COCTOHT ll3 P a3H03epHllCTbIX rreCKOB C JIllH3aMll rpaBllUHbIX,
a B OT,LJ.eJIbHbIX CJlY4aHX rYMYCHpOBaHHbIX, HHOr,LJ.a rrJlOTHbIX BH3KllX r JIllH,
.a TaK:lKe cyrreceH. MOII.LHOCTb llX J\OJle6JleTCH OT 2 ,LJ.O 40 M.
IllllpoKo pacrrpoCTpaHeHbI B .3TOH 06JIaCTll II ,LJ.HerrpOBcKHe MopeHHbIe
<>TJlO:IKeHllH. OHll BCKpbIBalOTcH Ha rJIy6llHe 40-80 M II rrpe,LJ.CTaBJIeHbI
'TeMHo-cepbIMll II 6YPoBaTO-KOpllLJHeBbIMll rpy6bIMll cyrrecHMll H cyrJIHH-
KaMll, rrJIOTHbIMll, Kap60HaTHbIMll, C pe,LJ.KllMll rrpOCJlOHMH JleHTOLJHbIX rJlllH,
,C JIHH3aMll rreCKa. MOII.LHOCTb .3TllX OT JIO:IKeHllU He rrpeBbIIllaeT 30 M.
,l1,HerrpoBcKo-MOCKoBcKlle Me:IKMOpeHHbIe 06pa30BaHllH, pa3BllTbIe TaK:lKe
IDllpOKO, rrpe,LJ.CTaBJleHbI rreCKaMll, pa3H03epHllcTbIMll, rpaBeJlHCTbIMll. fJIY-
6llHa 3aJIeraHllH llX KOJIe6JleTCH OT 30 ,LJ.O 75 M, MOII.LHOCTb 06bILJHO He rrpe-
BbIIllaeT 6-20 M. MeCTaMH B TOJlru:e Me:IKMOpeHHbIx OTJlO:IKeHllH BCKpbI-
BalOTCH JlllH3bI 03epHO-Jle,LJ.HllKoBbIX rJIllH, rrorpe6eHHbIx TOp<pHHllKOB,
CHJlbHorYMycllpoBaHHbIx cyrreceu II TOHK03epHllcTbIX rreCKOB.
MOCKoBcKlle MopeHHbIe OTJIO:IKeHllH rrOLJTH rrOBceMeCTHO pacrrpocTpa-
HeHbI B rrpe,LJ.eJI ax 06JlaCTll. OHll COCTOHT ll3 6YPoBaTO-KOpllLJHeBbIX, KpaCHO-
6ypbIX cyrreceu, cyrJlllHKOB II rJIllH C rpaBHeM, raJIbKOH H BaJIYHaMll. MoII.L-
HqCTb llX KOJle6JIeTCH OT 2 ,LJ.O 45 M, 4aII.Le Bcero He rrpeBbIIllaeT 15 M.




CEBEPHMI OKPAHHA YKPAI1HCKoro KPHCTAJlJIHlI. MACCHBA


357


MOCKOBCKO-BaJl,n:aHCKlie Me:IKMOpeHHble 06pa30BaHII51 npe,n:CTaBJleH'b!
npeliMYIlJ,eCTBeHHO MeJIKO-, pe:IKe Cpe,n:He3epHIICTbIMII neCKaMH, C BKJIlOqe-
. HII5IMII rpaBH5I II ra.1JbKII, C JlIIH3aMII KpynH03epHHCTblX H rpaBIIHHbIX
neCKOB, a TaK:lKe npOCJIOHKaMH JIeHTOqHblX rJIIIH, TOHKIIX rYMYClipOBaHHblX
. cyneceH, cyrJllIHKOB, canponeJl5I, TOp<pa II IIJlOB. MOIlJ,HOCTb Me:IKJle,n:HIIKOBblX
TOP<P0B ,n:OCTliraeT 3 .t!. 06IlJ,a5I MOIlJ,HOCTb Me:IKMOpeHHbIx OTJlO:IKeHIIH
KOJle6JIeTC5I OT 3 ,n:o 50 Ai, MeCTaMII ,n:OCTliraeT 70 Ai. OHII npOCJIe:IKIIBalOTC5I
.IIa rJly6HHax OT 6 ,n:o 60 Ai.
MopeHa BaJl,n:aHcKoro OJIe,n:eHeHII5I TaK:lKe nOqTII nOBceMeCTHO pacnpo-
CTpaHeHa B npe,n:eJIax 06J1aCTII II pa3MbITa JIIIIllb B ,n:OJlllHaX KpynHbIx peK.
Ha 3HaqY!TeJlbHOH '-IaCTII TeppliTopllii OHa nepeKpbITa MaJIOMOIlJ,HOH TOJIIlJ,eH
Bo,n:HOJle,n:HHKOBblX 06pa30BaHliH 3nOXII oTCTynaHII5I BaJl,n:aHCKoro oJle,n:e-
HeHII5I.
113 <p1l311KO-reOJIOrHqeCKliX 5IBJIeHIIH B npe,n:eJIax 06JIaCTH pacnpOCTpa-
HeHbI 60JlOT006pa30BaTeJlbHbIe npou:eCCbI, llJIOCKOCTHOli CMbIB ,n:O:IK,n:eBblMli
H TaJlblMII Bo,n:aMII, oBparo06pa30BaHIIe, a TaK:lKe OllOJl3HeBbIe IIpou:eCCbI.
B IIpe,n:eJlax paCCMaTpliBaeMOH 06J1aCTH 110 YCJIOBll5IM paCllpOCTpaHe-
HH5I reHeTHqeCKliX KOMIIJleKCOB 1I0pO,n: BbI,n:eJl5IlOTC5I ceMb IIH:lKeHepHO-reOJIO-
rIIqeCKHX paHOHOB, B IIpe,n:eJIax KOTOpbIX IllHpOKliM paCllpOCTpaHeHHeM
lIoJlb3yeTC5I 1I0,n:<popMaU:II5I BaJI,n:aHCKoro OJle,n:eHeHII5I.


PaUOH npeuMyw.eCTBeHHoro pa3BHTUSI cyrJIUHUCTO-o6JIOMOQHbIX nopo,ll,
reOJIOrO-reHeTUQeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa OCHOBHOU MopeHbI
BpeMeHU BaJI,lI,aUCKOro OJIe,ll,eHeHUSI (gIQmv)


.ITe,n:HIIKOBbIH KOMIIJleKC 110 COCTaBY CJlaralOIlJ,IIX ero 1I0pO,n: 061>e,n:II-
H51eTC5I B ,n:Be HH:lKeHepHO-reOJlOrWleCKHe rpynllbI: a) CB5I3HblX 1I0pO,n:
C BKJllOqeHHeM 06J10MOqHblX (KpaCHo-6ypbIe cyrJlIIHKII H CYlleCII C rpaBIIeM,
raJlbKOH H BaJlYHaMH); 6) CB5I3HbIX 1I0pO,n: C lIeCqaHbIMH (BaJlYHHble CYlleCli
H cyrJllIHKH C JIIIH3aMH II CJlO5IMII pa3H03epHHcToro, lJaCTO rJlllHHCTOro
lIeCKa, a TaK:lKe rpaBllHHO-raJIelJHIIKOBOro MaTepIIaJIa). MOIlJ,HOCTb KOM-
llJIeKCa KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 3-8 ,n:o 30 Ai. OH ,n:OBOJIbHO BbI,n:ep:IKaH 110 IIpOCTII-
paHlilO H 3aHliMaeT OKOJlO 1I0JlOBHHbI TeppliTopHII 06JIaCTli.
Ba.1J,n:aHCKlie MopeHHbIe OTJIO:IKeHII5I - CYlleCII H cyrJlIIHKII rpy6ble,
IIJ10THble, OlleCqaHeHHble, HaCbIIlJ,eHHbIe rpaBHeM, raJIbKOH. H BaJlYHaMH,
OTHOC5ITC5I K BblCOKOYCTOHqIIBblM 1I0po,n:aM.
B COCTaBe MopeHHbIX OTJIO:IKeHIIH, 110 ,lI,aHHbIM rpaHYJlOMeTpIIqeCKOrO
aHaJlII3a (OKOJlO 80 Ollpe,ll,eJIeHI1H), co,n:ep:IKIITC5I lIeCqaHbIX <ppaKU:IIH. 52-
64%, IIbIJIeBaTblX - 18-56 %, rJlIIHIICTbIX - 6-22 %.
nOKa3aTe.1Jll <pII3IIKo-MeXaHII'-IeCKI1X CBOHCTB KOJle6J1lOTC5I B IllIIpOKliX
IIpe,n:eJlax B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTaBa 1I0pO,n: II YCJlOBHH. HX 3aJIeraHll5I.
ECTeCTBeHHa5I 1I0pHCTOCTb II3MeH5IeTC5I OT 26 ,n:o 38% (110 45 aHaJlII3aM).
nJlaCTHqHOCTb 3THX 1I0pO,n: TaK:lKe pa3Ho06pa3Ha, ,n:Jl5I HIIX xapaKTepHo
qHCJIO IIJ1 aCTHlJHOCTII OT 3 ,n:o 13 %.
CYllecH II cyr.1JHHKI-l, Haxo,n:5IIlJ,HeC5I B eCTeCTBeHHblX YCJlOBll5IX B 1I0JlY-
TBep,n:oM H TyrollJl aCTllqHOM COCT05IHHII, oKa3bIBalOT BbICOKoe COllpOTIIBJIe-
HHe IIPH C:lKaTliH II c,n:Bllre. YroJl BHYTpeHHero TpeHII5I COCTaBJl5IeT 26-31°,
HeKoTopbIe pa3HocTli IIJ1aCTII'-IHbIX T5I:lKeJIblX cyrJIIIHKOB HMelOT 'P paBHbIM
18-25°, a BeJlllqIIHY cu:ellJIeHII5I paBHoH 0,14-0,37 KFjCAi 2 . no CTelleHII
C:lKliMaeMOCTII 3TH 1I0po,n:bI OTHOC5ITC5I K cJla60
 II cpe,n:HeC:lKliMaeMbIM
(K03<p<pHU:HeHT KOMllpeCCIIII (a) KOJle6JIeTC5I OT 0,002 ,n:o 0,022 CAi 2 /KF).
B eCTeCTBeHHOM 3aJIeraHlili COllpOTHBJleHlle MopeHHbIx nopo,n: C:lKaTlilO
II c,n:BHry YBeJlllqllBaeTC5I 3a ClJeT BKJllOlJeHI15I rpaBII5I, raJlbKI1, BaJlYHoB
IIpOlJHbIX KpliCTaJIJllllJeCKliX 1I0pO,ll,. L(ollycKaeMoe ,n:aBJleHIIe Ha MopeHHble
cYllecli II cyrJlIIHKII IIpI1HHMaeTC51 .lI.0 3 KrjCAi 2 . 3TII 1I0pO.lI.bI OTHOC51TC51




'358


HH)!(EHEPHO- rEOJIO rWIECKA5I XAP AKTEPi1<CTI1KA


K OJl,HHM HS HaH60JIee YCTO}P-IHBbIX, MorYIll.HX CJIY)KHTb HaJl,e)KHbIM OCHO-
BaHHeM p a3JIlfIIHbIX coopY)KeHHH.
BHYTPH MopeHbI HMeIOTC5I JIHH3bI rreCKOB OT MeJIKO- Jl,0 KpYIIH03epHH-
CTbIX. HeOJl,HOpOJl,HOCTb rpaHYJIOMeTpHIJeCKOrO COCTaBa onpeJl,eJI5IeT H 60JIb-
lIme KOJIe6aHH51 HX BOJl,onpoHHl(aeMOCTH, K03<P<PHl(HeHT <pHJIbTpal(HH H3Me-
H5IeTC51 OT 0,11 Jl,0 12 MjeYTKu.
OOpOJl,bI BaJIJI,aHcKOro JIeJl,HHKOBOro KOMnJIeKCa 3aJIeralOT rJIaBHbIM
'06pa30M Ha TOJIIll.e Me)KMOpeHHblx, rrpeHMYIll.ecTBeHHo BOJl,HO-JIeJl,HHKOBbIX,
MOCKOBCKO-BaJIJI,aHcKHX 06p a30BaHHH. OHH npeJl,cTaBJIeHbI MeJIK03epHH-
CTbIMH neCKaMH C JIHH3aMH cpeJl,He- H KpynH03epHHcTbIX. B HX COCTaBe
cOJl,ep)KaHHe neCIJaHbIX <ppaKl(HH KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 12 Jl,0 96 %, rp aBHHHbIX
OT 2 Jl,0 22 %, nbIJIeBaTblX OT 2 Jl,0 11 %. 003TOMY OHH HeOJl,HOpOJl,HbI H no
BOJl,OripOHHl(aeMOCTH K03<p<pHl(HeHT <pHJIbTpal(HH paBeH 4-5 MjeYTKu,
B KpynH03epHHcTbIX neCKax MO)KeT 6bITb 60JIee 25 MjeYTKu.
B TOJIIll.e 3THX nopoJl, HMelOTC51 npOCJIOH H JIHH3bI 03epHO-aJIJIlOBHaJIb-
HbIX cyr JIHHKOB H r JIHH, BbICOKOrrJIaCTHIJHbIX, HepeJl,KO 06oraIll.eHHblx opra-
HHIJeCKHMH npHMeC51MH, CHJIbHOC)KHMaeMbIX, co CJIa6bIM conpOTHBJIeHHeM
CJI,BHry (cp p aBeH 14-19°).
OepBbIH OT nOBepxHocTH BOJl,OHOCHbIH ropH30HT HaXOJl,HTC51 Ha rJIy6HHe
OT 2 Jl,0 5 M, pe)Ke Jl,0 8 M. B JIHH3aX H npocJIo51X BHYTpHMopeHHoro neCKa
cOJl,ep)KaTC51 BOJl,bI C He3HaIJHTeJIbHbIM HanopOM (0,6-2, peJl,KO 15 M). 00
XHMHIJeCKOMY COCTaBY 3TH BOJl,bI C rreCTpOH MHHepaJIH3al(HeH, npeHMYIll.eCT-
BeHHO Jl,O 1 ZjA, B OCHOBHOM OTHOC51TC51 K rHJI,poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbl(HeBoMY
T!my.
K JIeJl,HHKoBOMY KOMrrJIeKcy npHypOIJeHbI 60JIOTOo6pa30BaTeJIbHUe npo-
l(eCCbI, nJIOCKOCTHOH CMbIB Jl,O)KJI,eBbIMH H TaJIbIMH BOJl,aMH rrOIJBbI H noJl,-
CTHJIalOIll.HX ee nopoJl, Ha CKJIOHaX MopeHHblx B03BbIlueHHocTeH, a TaK)Ke
pa3BHTHe OBp arOB.
rJIy6HHa npOMep3aHH51 Ha paCCMaTpHBaeMOH TeppHTopHH Jl,OCTHraeT
80-100 eM 6e3 CHerOBoro nOKpOBa H paBHa 50-65 eM npH ero HaJIHIJHH.
PaCCMaTpHBaeMbIH paHOH B l(eJIOM 06JIaJl,aeT 6JIarOnpH51THbIMH HH)Ke-
HepHO-reOJIOrHIJeCKHMH YCJIOBH5IMH.


PaiiOH npeUMYIll.eCTBeHHoro pa3BUTUSI cyrJluHucTO-OOJlOMOIJHbIX U neCIJaHO-
rJlUHUCTbIX nopoJl, reOJlOrO-reHeTUIJeCKOro KOMnJleKCa KOHeIJHOMOpeHHbIX
oopa30BaHuii BpeMeHU BaJlJl,aiicKOro OJleJl,eHeHUSI (gltQmv)
OOpOJl,bI KOHeIJHOMOpeHHbIX 06pa30BaHHH no HX JIHTOJIOmIJeCKOMY
COCTaBY B rrpeJl,eJIax paHOHa 06'beJl,HH51lOTC51 B TPH HH)KeHepHO-reOJIomIJe-
CKHe rpynrrbI: a) CB513HbIX nopoJl, C BKJIlOIJeHHeM 06JIOMOIJHbIX (BaJIYHHble
cyrJIHHKH H cyrrecH); 6) CB513HbIX rropoJl, C neCIJaHbIMH (cyrJIHHKH, cynecH,
rJIHHHCTble rreCKH, pe)Ke neCKH C rpaBHeM, raJIbKOH H BaJIYHaMH); B) nec-
IJaHbIX nopoJl, co CB5I3HbIMH (rJIHHHCTble rreCKH, neCKH C npOCJI051MH H JIHH-
3aMH cyrreceH H cyrJIHHKOB, a TaK2Ke rpaBHHHO-raJIeIJHHKOBbIH MaTepHaJI).
.lI.JI51 Jl,aHHOrO KOMnJIeKCa xapaKTepHa CHJIbHa51 H3MeHIJHBOCTb JIHTO-
JIOrHIJeCKOrO COCTaBa nopoJl, B pa3pe3e H no rrpOCTHpaHHlO. Ope06JIaJl,alO-
Ill.HM THnOM rropoJl, B KOMnJIeKCe 5lBJI51lOTC51 CB513Hble nOpOJl,bI C BKJllOIJeHHeM
06JIOMOIIHhIX.
KOMnJIeKC rrOJIYIJHJI UlHpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe K lOry OT r. OOJIOl(Ka,
3 -=-aKIK( B lOro-3anaJl,HOH IJaCTH 06JIaCTH. OTJI,eJIbHble KOHeIJHOMOpeHHble
,rp5IJI,h! Ha6JIlOJI,alOTC51 B paHOHe r. BHTe6cKa, ceBepO-3anaJl,Hee r. 0PUlH,
a T<lK2KE' B lOrO-3arraJl,HOH IJaCTH paHOHa.
MOIll.HOCTb Jl,aHHorO KOMnJIeKCa Jl,OCTHraeT 65-68 M. KOHeIJHOMOpeH-
Hble o6pa30BaHH51, COCT051Ill.He H3 cyneceH rpy6blx, OneCIJaHeHHblX C JIHH-
3aMH H rrpOCJI051MH rJIHHHCTbIX rreCKOB C rpaBHeM H raJIbKOH, neCKOB
cpe,lI,He- H KpynH03epHHcTbIX H rpaBHlmo-raJIeIJHoro MaTepHaJIa, npeJl,cTaB-




CEBEPHAS\ OI\PAHHA Y,I\PAHHCI\OrO I\PHCTAJlJlH4. MACCHBA


359


J15JIOT C060H jl,OBOJIbHO npOlIHYIO nOpOjl,Y C BbICOKHMH HeCYIlI.HMH CBOH-
CTBaMH. PaClfeTHbIe COnpOTHBJIeHH51 jl,JI51 HHX npHHHMaIOTC51 He MeHee
,3 KF(CM 2 .
rpYHTOBbIe BOjl,bI HMeIOT CnOpajl,HlfeCKOe pa3BIfTIfe B npejl,eJIax pac-
npOCTpaHeHIf51 KOMnJIeKCa KOHelfHOMopeHHbIX 06pa30BaHMH. OHM 3aJIeraIOT
Ha rJIy6IfHe OT 3 jl,0 30 M OT jl,HeBHOH nOBepxHocTH.
Ha TeppIfTopHH pa3BHTH51 paccMaTpHBaeMoro KOMnJIeKCa nopojl, H3
<pH3IfKO-reOJIOfHlfeCKIfx HBJIeHIfH HMeIOT MeCTO nJIOCKOCTHOH CMbIB H oBparo-
<o6p a30BaHHe.
B I1.eJIOM paHOH 06JIajl,aeT 6JIarOnpH51THbIMIf HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOmlfe-
CKHMH YCJIOBHHMH. lllHpOKO pa3BHTble 3j1,eCb nJIOTHble H CJIa60npOHHI1.ae-
MbIe BaJIYHHbIe cynecH H cyrJIHHKIf He BbI3bIBaIOT onaceHHH B CMbICJIe
YCTOHlfHBOCTIf If X KaK OCHOBaHHH coopY)KeHHH.


,PaiiOH npeHMYlIJ.eCTBeHHoro pa3BHTHSI neCqaHbIX nopo)J, reoJloro-
TeHeTHqeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa BO,lJ,HOJIe)J,HHKoBbIX 06pa30BaHHii BpeMeHH
oTcTynaHH,SI BaJl,lJ,aiic'KOro OJle,lJ,eHeHHSI (f glsQmv)


reOJIOrO-reHeTHlfeCKIfH KOMnJIeKC BOjl,HOJIejl,HHKOBbIX 06pa30BaHHH Bpe-
MeHIf oTcTynaHIf51 BaJIjI,aHCKOro OJIejl,eHeHHSI IllHpOKO pa3BIfT B npejl,eJIax
06JIaCTH, Ojl,HaKO B 60JIbIllHHCTBe CJIYlfaeB OH MaJIOMoIll.HbIH (0,5-6 M)
11 JIIfillb Ha OTjI,eJIbHbIX YlfacTKax ceBepHee r. OpIllH, ceBepo-BocTolfHee
r. TlOJIOI1.Ka Ha YlfacTKax pa3BHTH51 030B If KaMOB MOIll.HOCTb ero )J,OCTH-
raeT 20 M H 60JIee.
BOjl,HOJIejl,HHROBbIe 06pa30BaHIf51 npejl,CTaBJIeHbI pa3JIHlfHbIMH no Kpyn-
HOCTIf neCKaMH, lfaIll.e Bcero MeJIR03epHIfcTbIMH C BKJIIOlfeHHeM jl,0 10-20%
rpaBIfHHO-raJIelfHOrO MaTepIfaJIa. OHIf 06'bejl,IfH51IOTCH B HH)KeHepHO-reOJIo-
TIflfecRYIO rpynny neClfaHbIX nopojl,. B TOJIIlI.e BOjl,HOJIejl,HHKOBbIX neCKOB
MeCTaMIf BCTpelfaIOTC51 JIHH3bI If npOCJIOIf CB513HbIX nopojl, (cyneceH, cyr JIHH-
KOB If rJIHH).
B COCTaBe neCKOB npe06JIajl,aIOT MeJIKIfe H TOHKIfe neClfaHbIe lfaCTIfI1.bI
jl,IfaMeTpOM OT 0,25 jl,0 0,05 MM. Ileclm B OCHOBHOM KBapI1.eBble, C npH-
MeCbIO jl,0 12% nOJIeBbIX IllnaTOB If He 60JIee 2% TeMHOI1.BeTHbIX MHHepa-
.JlOB. B COCTaBe rpaBIfHHO-raJIelfHOrO MaTepHaJIa npe06JIajl,aIOT H3Bep)KeH-
HbIe nOpOjl,bI.
BOjl,HOJIejl,HIfKOBbIe neCKIf OTHOCIfTeJIbHO pbIXJIbIe. IlopIfcToCTb neCKOB
B eCTeCTBeHHOM COCTOHHIfIf COCTaBJI51eT 41-51 %. YroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro
OTRoca B CYXOM BHjI,e jl,OCTIfraeT 37-46°, nojl, BOjl,OH - 30-32°, K03<P<PH-
I1.IfeHT <pHJIbTpaI1.HH 3TIfX neCKOB ROJIe6JIeTC51 OT 2,2 jl,0 8 M(CYTKU. Pa3Ho-
>CTIf MeJIK03epHIfcTbIX nbIJIeBaTbIX neCROB C npeIfMYIll.eCTBeHHbIM cOjl,ep)Ka-
HIfeM B CBoeM COCTaBe TOHROH neClfaHOH <ppaRI1.HIf (0,10-0,05 MM)
B BOjl,OHaCbIIlI.eHHOM eCTeCTBeHHOM COCT051HHIf 5lBJIHIOTCH nJIbIBYHaMH.
rpYHToBbIe BOjl,bI, 3aK.JlIOlfeHHbIe B BOjl,HOJIejl,HIfKOBOM ROMnJIeKCe, 3aJIe-
TaIOT Ha rJIy6IfHe 0,5-5 M, B OCHOBHOM - 2-3 M. HaJIIflfIfe npOCJIOeB
rJIIfHIfCT
X nopojl, Ha HeKoTop
X YlfacTRax cnoc06cTByeT np051BJIeHIfIO CJIa-
601'0 Hanopa 3TIfX BOjl, (0,5-2 M).
113 <p113IfRO-reOJIOmlfeCKIfX npOI1.eCCOB, npIfypOlfeHHbIX K jl,aHHOMY ROM-
nJIeRCY nopojl" pa3BIfTbI nJIOCKOCTHOH CMbIB Ha CRJIOHaX, oBparo06pa30-
BaHIfe, pa3BeBaHIfe neCROB, a TaR)Ke 60JIOT006pa30BaTeJIbHbIe npOI1.eCCbI
Ha nOHIfmeHHbIX YlfaCTRax peJIbe<pa.
l1HmeHepHO-reOJIOmlfeCRIfe YCJIOBIf5f B I1.eJIOM jl,JI51 :nOH TeppHTopIfH
MomHO ClfIfTaTb 6JIarOnpH51THbIMIf jl,JI51 CTpOHTeJIbCTBa, 3a HCKJIIOlfeHHeM
YlfaCTROB C 6JIIf3RHM 3aJIeraHIfeM ypOBH51 rpYHTOBbIX HOjl, H pa3BHTHSI
BOjl,HOJIejl,HIfROBbIX neCROB-nJIbIBYHOB.




360


HH)!(BHEPHO-rEOJlOrW-lECKA5I XApAKTEPHCTHKA


PaUOH npeRMYlU.eCTBeHHOrO pa3BRTRSI JIeHTOqHblX fJIRH R neCqaHblX nopolI.
reOJIOrO-reHeTRqeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa 03epHO-JIe
HRKOBbIX OTJIOJKeHRU
BpeMeHR oTCTynaHRSI BaJI
aUCKOrO OJIe
eHeHRSI (lglsQmv)
OH OXBaTbIBaeT IlOJlOUKYIO HH3IIHY, a TaK)Ke OT
eJIbHble HH3HHHbIe
yqaCTKH BOCTOqHOH qaCTH 06JlaCTH.
IlOpO
bl 03epHO-J1e
HHKOBbIX 06pa30BaHHH B npeAeJlax paU:OHa MO)KHO
06'beAHHHTb B CJleAYIOru;He HH)KeHepHO-reOJlOrW-IeCKHe rpynnbl: a) CB5!3HbIe
nopoAbl (J1eHTOLJHble rJIHHbl, cyrJIHHKH); 6) CB5!3Hble nopoAbl C neCLJaHbIMH
(JIeHTOqHble rJ1HHbl, cyrJlHHKH, neCKH); B) neCqaHble nopO
bl co CB5!3HblMH
(neCKH, JIeHTOqHble cyrJlHHKH, rJlHHbl); r) neCqaHble nopoAbl (necKH
MeJlKO- H cpeAHe3epHHcTble).
3anajI,Ha5! li BOCTOqHa5! qaCTH IlOJlOUKOU: HH3HHbl nOqTH nOJlHOCTbIO
CJIO)KeHbl nJIOTHblMli JIeHTOqHblMH rJlHHaMH, B OCTaJlbHOU: )Ke qaCTH pac-
npocTpaHeHbl neCKH liJIH JleHTOqHble rJIHHbl C npOCJl05!MH neCqaHblX nopojI,.
JIeHTOqHble rJlHHbl COCT05!T li3 LJepejI,YIOru;HxCH TOHKHX npOCJlOeB B5!3-
KHX, nJlaCTHqHblX rJlHH H TOHK03epHHcTblX neCKOB. Ilo rpaHYJlOMeTpHqe-
CKOMY cocTaBY OHH xapaKTepH3YIOTC5! npeHMyru;ecTBeHHblM HaJIHqHeM nblJle-
BaTblX (39-60 %), rJIHHHCTblX (30-55 %) qaCTHU H TOHKoneC4aHHCTblX
(<ppaKUH5! - 0,10-0,05 MM) 4aCTHU (1-20%). B JleHT04HblX cyrJIHHKaX
cOjI,ep)KaHHe rJlHHHCTblX 4aCTHU CHH)KaeTC5! jI,0 10-28 %.
HaH60Jlee BH3KHe pa3HOCTli 3THX nopojI, BblCOKOnJlaCTH4Hbl (4liCJlO
nJlaCTli4HOCTH jI,0 20-27 %), nopHcToCTb - 35-50 %. ECTecTBeHHa5I BJla)K-
HOCTb rJlHH COCTaBJlHeT 22-33 %. ECTecTBeHHaH KOHCHCTeHUHH rJ1HHHCTbIX
nopojI, KOJle6JleTC5! OT TyrOnJlaCTH4HoH jI,0 nJlaCTH4HOTeKY4eH.
Ilo CTeneHli C)KHMaeMOCTli OHH xapaKTepH3YIOTC5! KaK CpejI,He- If
UI a60C)KliMaeMble, K03<pqmUHeHT KOMnpeCCHH KOJle6JleTC5! OT 0,002 jI,O
0,045 CM 2 jKc.
5I pKO Bblpa)KeHHaH CJlOHCTOCTb nopojI, cnoc06cTByeT np05!BJIeHHIO aHli-
30TponliH ueJloro p5!jI,a <pli3H4ecKHx (K03<P<PHUlieHTa <pHJlbTpaUHH H jI,p.)
li MexaHli4eCKHX CBOHCTB. .lI.OBOJlbHO HH3Koe conpOTHBJleHlie nopo
 CjI,Bli-
raIOru;liM YCHJlH5!M HeCKOJlbKO OTJlli4aeTCH no HaHMeHbllIliM 3Ha 4eHliHM
nOKa3aTeJleu: B HanpaBJleHliH, nepneHjI,liKYJl5!pHOM CJlOliCTOCTH OT jI,aHHbIX,
nOJlY4eHHblx npH licnblTaHHH Tex )Ke 06pa3uoB B HanpaBJIeHliH napaJIJleJIb-
HOM CJlOHCTOCTli. B nepBOM CJlY4ae K03<p<PHUHeHT BHYTpeHHero TpeHliH
(tg 'P) KOJle6JleTC5! OT 1,175 jI,0 0,420, yroJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHli5! paBeH
10-23°, BeJIli4HHa CUenJleHli5! npli 3TOM BapbHpyeT OT 0,3 jI,0 1 KrjcM 2 ,
B HanpaBJIeHHH na paJIJIeJIbHOM CJlOHCTOCTH, H tg'P H3MeH5!eTC5! OT 0,15
jI,0 0,54 'P COCTaBJlHeT 8-28°, BeJIli4HHa CuenJIeHHH KOJle6JleTC5! OT 0,1 jI,0
0,8 Kr;LU 2 (AJleKCeeBa, 1957). JIeHT04Hble cyrJlHHKli 5!BJl5!IOTC5! 06bILJHO
CpejI,He- H cJIa60C)KliMaeMbIMli, no cpaBHeHliIO C r JIliHaMli OKa3b1BaIOT
60Jlee BblCOKoe conpOTliBJleHlie CjI,BHry ('P B OCHOBHOM li3MeH5!eTCH
OT 25 jI,0 29°).
IlecKH npeliMyru;ecTBeHHo MeJlK03epHlicTble, KBapueBble, C npHMeCbIO
jI,0 10 % nOJIeBblX llInaTOB li He3Ha4liTeJIbHOrO KOJlli4eCTBa TeMHOUBeTHblX
MliHepaJlOB, xapaKTepli3YIOTC5! xopOllieH OKaTaHHOCTbIO H COpTHpOBKOH.
B liX COCTaBe OCHOBHYIO pOJIb HrpaIOT 4aCTliUbl jI,liaMeTpOM 0,25-0,05 MM
(83-95 %). CTeneHb nJIOTHOCTH neCKOB li3MeH5!eTC5! OT 0,25 jI,0 0,60.
B BOjI,OHaCblru;eHHOM eCTeCTBeHHOM COCT05!HHH MeJIK03epHHCTble nbIJ1eBaTble
pa3HOCTli 3TliX neCKOB 5!BJl5!IOTC5! nJlbIBYHaMH. IlOpHCTOCTb TaKliX nopojI,
MO)KeT jI,OCTHraTb 50-60 %. IlecKli liMeIOT yroJl eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca
27-36° B CYXOM COCTOHHliH li 23-32° nojI, BOAOH. K03<P<PHUlieHT <pliJlbTpa-
. Ulili liX KOJle6JIeTCH OT 0,7 jI,0 6 MjCYTKU. Pac4eTHble conpOTliBJIeHli5I
'03epHO-JlejI,HliKOBbIX neCKOB paBHbI 1,5-2 KrjcM 2 .
MOru;HOCTb 03epHO-JlejI,HHKOBbIX OTJIO)KeHHH 04eHb H3MeH4liBa H KOJle6-
JIeTC5! B llIlipOKliX npejI,eJIax, He npeBbIllIa5!, OjI,HaKO, 10-15 M.




CEBEPHA5I OKPAHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAJlJlH4. MACCHBA


361


I10)].3eMHble BO)].bl, 3aKJllO'leHHble B KOMnJleKCe 03epHO-JIe)].HlIKOBbIX
oTJIoJKeHl:II1, BCKpbIBalOTC5I Ha rJIy6lIHe 0,2-5 M. OHlI B OCHOBHOM 6e3Ha-
rropHble, pe)),Ko C HanopoM )].0 0,5-2 M.
K o3epHO-Jle)].HHKoBOMY KOMnJleKcy ropHblx nopo)]. npHypolleHbI 60JlOTO-
06pa30BaTeJIbHbIe H OrrOJI3HeBble rrpou:eccbI, a TaKJKe OTtJ:aCTH pa3BeBaHHe
CJIa 603a KperrJIeHHbIX rrectIaHbIX OT JIOJKeHlIll.
BCJle)),cTBHe 6JIH3KOrO 3aJIeraHH5I ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO)]., IllHpoKoro
pacrrpocTpaHeHH5I 3aTop<P0BaHHblx rropo)]., a TaKJKe M5IfKOrrJIaCTHtfHbIX
BbICOKOCJKHMaeMblX rr xa paKTepH3YIOIlI.HXC5I CJIa6bIM corrpOTHBJIeHHeM
c)),BHry JIeHTOtfHbIX rJIHH, pallOH, oc06eHHO I10.1J0U:Ka51 HH3HHa, 5IBJI5IeTC5I
CJIOJKHbIM )),JI5I rrpoBe)),eHH5I KpyrrHoro rpaJK)].aHCKoro H rrpOMbIIllJIeHHOrO
CTpOHTeJIbCTBa. I1JIbIBYHHble rreCKH H BbICOKOrrJIaCTHtfHbIe JIeHTOtfHble rJIHHbI
MorYT BbI3bIBaTb OrrJIbIBaHHe OTKOCOB H crroc06CTBOBaTb pa3BHTHIO OnOJI3-
HeBbIX rrpou:eCCOB.


PaiiOH npeHMYllI.eCTBeHHoro pa3BUTUSI neCqaHbIX nopo,lJ, reoJloro-
reHeTUqeCKOrO KOMnJleKCa, aJlJlIOBUaJlbHbIX OT JlOJKeHUU nOUMeHHbIX
U Ha,lJ,noiiMeHHbIX Teppac ,lJ,OJlUH peK (aIQIV, alQm)


PallOH OXBaTbIBaeT )),OJIHHbI peK, Harr60JIee KpyrrHbIMH H3 KOTOpbIX
5IBJI5IIOTC5I )),OJIHHbI 3arr. J(BHHbI, J(HCHbI, J(PHCCbI.
AJ!.1JlOBHaJlbHbIe 06pa30BaHH5I B rrpe)].eJIax paHOHa rrpe)].CTaBJleHbl rrec-
'JaHhIMh rropo)),aMH (MeJIKO-, peJKe CpeJl,He- H KpyrrH03epHHCTbIMH rreCKaMH)
H B ;\1eH!>IlleH Mepe rreCtfaHbIMH rropo)].aMH co CB5I3HbIMH (rreCKaMH C rrpo-
CJI05lMH H JlHH3aMH TOHKHX cyrrecefI, cyrJIHHKOB H rJlHH, Hepe)].KO ryMYCH-
pOBaHI-IbIX H 3aTop<p()BaHHbIX).
AJIJIIOBHaJIbHble OTJIOJKeHH5I COBpeMeHHbIX rrOHM COCT05lT IIpeHMYIll.eCT-
BeHHO H3 MeJIK03epHHCTbIX rreCKOB. B OCHOBaHHH, B PYCJlOBOM aJIJIIOBHH,
rrpe06JIa)),aIOT cpe)),He- H KpyrrH03epHHCTble rreCKH, JIHH3aMH rpaBeJIHCTble.
B BepXHeH llaCTH aJlJIIOBHaJlbHOH TOJllIJ,H, B nOHMeHHOM aJlJlIOBHH, Ha6JlIO-
)].aIOTC5I cyrreCtfaHble H cyrJlHHHCTble npOCJlOH, HHOrJl,a rYMYCHpOBaHHble,
. 3aTop<pOBaHHbIe MOIll.HOCTbIO OT 0,5- I )].0 2-3 M. MOIll.HOCTb aJIJIIOBH5I
rroHM KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT HeCKOJlbKHX caHTHMeTpoB )),0 4-5 M, peJKe 7-9 M.
B aJIJIlOBHaJlbHbIX rreCllaHblX OTJlOJKeHH5IX rreCllaHble <ppaKu:rrH COCTaBJl5lIOT
77-95%, rpaBHHHbIe - 4-24 %, rrbIJIeBaTble - 1-23 %. OOpHCTOCTb rro-
po)), B yrrJIOTHeHHOM COCT05lHHH paBHa 34-39 %. YroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro
OTKoca rro)]. BO)),OH COCTaBJI5IeT 28-3 I 0.
B TOJIIlI.e aJIJIIOBH5I rrepBblx Ha)),rroHMeHHblx Teppac 5IpKO BblpaJKeHbI
rroHMeHHble H PYCJIOBble OTJIOJKeHH5I. I10HMeHHbIH aJIJIIOBHH rrpe)),cTaBJIeH
rreCKaMH MeJlK03epHHcTbIMH, cyrrec5IMH H cyrJIHHKaMH. PYCJlOBOH aJIJIIOBHH
COCTOHT rrpeHMYIll.eCTBeHHo H3 cpe)),He- H KpyrrH03epHHcTbIX rreCKOB, B OCHO-
BaHHH C BKJIIOtfeHH5IMH rpaBH5I, raJIbKH H MeJ1KHX BaJIYHoB KpHCTaJIJIHtfe-
CKHX nopo)].. MeJlK03epHHcTble neCKH xapaKTepH3YlOTC5I OTHOCHTeJlbHO
BbICOKOH rropHcToCTbIO, rrOp5l)),Ka 40-50 %. YroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca
(rro)]. BO)),OH) 3THX rreCKOB paBeH 28-29°.
Cpe)].H aJ1JH{}BHaJ1bHbIX OTJlOJKeHHH nepBbIx Ha)),noHMeHHbIx Teppac
3aJIeraIOT MHOrOtfHCJIeHHbIe JIHH3bI CTa pHtfHOrO a.1JJIIOBH5I MOIll.HOCTbIO )),0
1-1,5 M. OHH rrpe)),cTaBJIeHbI pa3Ho06pa3HbIMH rropo)),aMH - cyrreC5IMH,
cyrJIHHKaMH, rJlHHaMH, 3aHJIeHHbIMH rreCtfaHbIMH H rJIHHHCTbIMH OTJIOJKe-
HH5IMH, HJIOM, TOP<POM. BbICOKOrrJIaCTHtfHbIe r JIHHHCTble rropo)),bI HaXO)),5ITCH
tfaCTO B rrJIaCTHtfHO- H CKpbIToTeKYtfeM COCT05lHH5IX, CHJIbHO CJKHMaeMble
rroJl, HarpY3KoH H OKa3bIBalOT cJIa60e corrpOTHBJleHHe C)].BHry (HaHMeHbIllee
3HalleHHe yrJIa BHYTpeHHero TpeHH5I CHHJKaeTC5I Jl,0 15°).
MaJIOMOIll.Hble TOJIIlI.H aJIJIIOBH5I BTOpbIX Ha)),rroHMeHHblx Teppac CJIO-
JKeHbI B OCHOBHOM cpe)),He- H KpyrrHo3epHHcTbIMH rreCKaMH, rpaBeJIHCTbIMH,
pCJKe MeJIK03epHHcTbIMH MOIll.HOCTbIO 1,5-2,0 M, HHor)),a )].0 6 M. Bo)),o-




362


HH)!(EHEPHO-rEOJlOrH4ECKA5I XAPAKT5PHCTHKA


npOH11l(aeMOCTb neCtIaHOrO aJlJIlOB11H BbICORaH, R03<P<P11l(l1eHT <p11JlbTpal(l1ll
ero ROJIe6JleTCH OT 0,5 )],0 14,0 MleYTKu.
[1oHMeHHble OTJlO)KeHllH, KaR npaBllJlO, BO)],OHaCbIIII.eHbI. YpoBeHb
rpYHToBbIX BO)], B npe)],eJlax nOHM HaxO)],l1TcH Ha rJIy611He OT 0,1 )],0 3 M.
BO)],bI no X11M11tfeCRoMy COCTaBY rH)],poRap60HaTHO-RaJlbl(l1eBbIe, cJla60-
MHHepaJIH30BaHHble, HearpeccHBHble, B 3HatfIlTeJIbHOH CTeneH11 3arpH3HeHbI.
I10)],3eMHble BO)],bI, 3aRJllOtfeHHble B )],peBHllx aJlJIIOB11aJIbHbIX OTJlO)Ke-
H11HX, 3aJleralOT Ha r JIy611He OT 0,5 )],0 4 M. 56JIbIIleH tfaCTblO OH11 TaR)Ke
rH.'J.poRa p60Ha THO-RaJlbl(l1eBbIe, CJla60M11Hep aJl1130BaHHble.
MopeHHble cyr JIIlHR11, rJIIlHbIll cynecH BaJI)],aiIcRoro OJleJJ.eHeHl151,
B 6acceHHe p. 3an. .lI.B11HbI II ee npIlTOROB, xapaRTep113YlOTCH BbICOROH
YCTOH411BOCTblO, nJlOTHble, rpy6bIe, HaCbIIII.eHHble neCtfaHO-rpaB11HHbIM MaTe-
plJaJIOM, raJlbROH 11 BaJIYHaM11. MopeHHble cyrJI11HR11 11 cynec11 B np11po)],-
HbIX YCJlOBIlHX HaXO)],HTCH B nOJlYTBep)],oM 11JIIl TyrOIIJIaCTlltfHOM COCTOJI-
H11HX. ECTecTBeHHaH nop11cToCTb 3T11X nopo)], )],OCT11raeT 40-48 %. OBIt
xa paKTep113YlOTCH )],OBOJlbHO BbICOROH nJIaCT11tfHOCTblO (tf11CJIO nJlaCT11tfHO-
CT11 KOJIe6JleTCH OT 11 )],0 50). ConpOT11BJIeH11e nopo)], C)],BIlry II C)KaTlllO
113MeHHeTCH B 60JlbIIlllX npe)],eJlax B 3aBllCllMOCTll OT 11X COCTaBa, eCTeCT-
BeHHoro COCTOHHIlH 11 CTeneHIl HaCbIIlI.eH11H rp aB11eM, raJlbROH H BaJIYHaM11.
3HatfeH11H yrJla BHYTpeHHero TpeH11H Bapb11pyeT B npe)],eJlax OT 14 )],0 31°.
MopeHa MOCROBCRoro OJIe)],eHeH11H, MeCTaM11 3aJIeralOIlI.aH HerJIy60Ro
OT nOBepxHocT11 3eMJl11 B6Jl11311 )],OJl11HbI 3an. .lI.BllHbl, 60Jlee rpy6aH no
cocTaBY, MopeHHble cynec11 11 cyrJI11HR11 co)],ep)KaT 60JlbIIlOe ROJl11tfeCTBO
rpaBIlHHO-raJletfH11ROBOro 11 BaJlYHHoro MaTepllaJIa. I10p11CTOCTb MopeHHblx
cyneceH 11 cyrJlIlHKOB MOCROBCKoro OJIe)],eHeHllH He npeBbIIIlaeT 30-36%.
YIlCJIO nJlaCT11tfHOCT11 ROJle6JleTCH OT 4 )],0 19 %. I10PO)],bI HaXO)],HTCH B TBep-
)],OM, nOJlYTBep)],oM 11 TyrOnJIaCT11tfHOM COCTOHHllHX. OH11 xapaKTepIl3YlOTCH
nOBbIIIleHHbIM conpOTllBJleH11eM C)KaTHIO II C)],Bllry ('P COCTa BJIHeT 31-35°).
B )],OJI11He p. 3an. .lI.B11HbI Ha MHOrHX YtfaCTKaX npOCJIe)KIlBaeTCH
HerJly60Roe 3aJIeraH11e )],eBOHCRllX OTJIO)KeH11H (1-1,5 M), 11HOr,lla 06Ha-
)KalOIlI.11XCH B pycJle peKIl. I1pllMepoM HBJIHeTCH YtfaCTOR 3ana,llHee r. BI1-
Te6cKa (B 17 KM), [,lle 3aJleralOT B6Jl11311 OT nOBepxHocT11 TpeIII.11HOBaTble
II CIlJlbHOKaBepHo3Hble BepXHe,lleBOHCRl1e ,llOJlOM11TbI 11 ,llOJIOM11Tll311poBaH-
Hble 113BeCTHHK11.
BO,llOnpOH11l(aeMOCTb ,llOJIOM11TOBOH TOJlIII.11 OtfeHb BbIcoRaH, R03<P<P11-
Ul1eHT <pIlJlbTpal(1l1l ,llOCT11raeT 30 MleYTKu. I10JJ.3eMHble BO,llbl ,llOJIOM11TOBOH
TOJlIlI.Il HanopHble. BeJll1tfIlHa Hanopa MeCTaM11 OTMetfaeTCH ,ll0 5-9 M Ha,ll
ype30M peKIl. B6JlIl3ll pYCJIa Ha nOp0)K11CTbIX ytfaCTRaX Ha6JIIO,llaIOTC!I
rpH<pOHHble 11CTOtfH11KIl. [10,ll3eMHble BO,llbI ,llOJlOM11TOBOH TOJlIlI.11 06bltfHO
rH)],pOKa p60HaTHo-KaJIbl(HeBble, HearpeCCHBHble, 06IlI.aH M11HepaJI113aU11H I1X
paBHa 0,3-0,4 cill.
BepxHe)],eBoHcRIle r JIHHHCTble nopO,llbI B ,llOJI11He 3an. .lI.BHHbI BCKpbITbI
MeCTaMIl Ha rJly611He 7-35 M. r JI11H11CTble nOpO,llbI ,llOBOJIbHO nJlOTHble
(noprrcTocTb paBHa 28-46 %), BbICOKOnJIaCT114HbIe (M p = 10-236 %),
C11.'lbHOC)KIlM aeMble.
Ha BceM npOTH)KeH1111 ,llOJlIlHbI 3an. .lI.B11HbI 11 ee np11ToRoB npOCJle)K11-
BalOTCH 06BaJIbI, pe)Ke OnOJl3H11 (BCJle,llCTB11e nO,llMblBa peKoH). OnOJI3H11
pa3BIlTbI Ha yqaCTKaX, r,lle KPYTOU. 6eperoBoH CRJIOH CJIO)KeH 03epHbIM11
rJlllHIlCTbIMIl nopo)],aM11 11Jl11 MopeHHblM11 cyr JI11HKaM11. Ha RPYTbIX CKJlOHaX
06pa3yeTcH pH)], l(l1pKOB IIl11pIlHOH 20 M, rJIy611Ha. 3aXBaTa CKJlOHa OnOJI3-
HeM COCTaBJlHeT OKOJIO 8-10 M.
B ,llOJl11He 3an. .lI.BllHbl Rap60HaTHaH TOJIIlI.a BepXHero ,lleBOHa C11JIbHO
3aKapcToBaHa, O,llHaKO BHeIIlH11X Mop<P0JIOr11tfeCRIlX npOHBJleH11H RapCTa He
Ha6JIIO)],aeTCH. He60JIbIIl11e (5-30 eM B ,lll1aMeTpe) RaBepHbI 06pa30BaJI11Cb
DO nJIOCKOCT11 HanJIaCTOBaHll51 3a CqeT BbIIlI.eJIa4HBaH11H H,llep <PaYHbI 11 CT€-
HOR KaHaJIbl(eB - XO,llOB 11JIOe,llOB, a TaR)Ke 3a CtfeT BbIIlI.eJlatf11BaHHH




CEBEPHA5I OKPAHHA YKPAHHCI\OrO KPHCTAJlJlH4. MACCHBA


363


B )),OJlOMHTe rHe3)), 3eMJlHCTOH CTPYKTypbI H npO)),YKTOB BbiBeTpHBaHH51
(50JlOTHHa, 1951).
I(aK BH)),HO, HHLKeHepHO-reOJlOrHqeCKHe YCJIOBHH paHoHa xapaKTepH-
3yJOTCH 60JIbllIHM pa3Ho06pa3HeM H Ha OT)),eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX OTHOCHTeJlbHO
-C.l0LKHbI, 6JIaro)),apH HaJlH4HIO B TOJIIlI.e aJlJIIOBHH npOCJIOeB H JlHH3 CJla6bIX
.rmIHHCTbIX nopo))" 06JIa)),aIOIlI.HX HH3KOH HecYIlI.eH cnoc06HoCTbIO. O)),HaKo
no npHpO,il,HblM YCJ10BH51M paHoH B l1,eJ10M He Bb13bmaeT 60JIbillHX 3aTpy,il,-
HeHHH HHLKeHepHO-reOJIOrH4eCKOro OCBoeHHH, 3a HCKJlI04eHHeM OT)),eJIbHbIX
Y4aCTKOB C pa3BHTHeM opraHoreHHbIX 3aHJleHHbIX HJIH 3aTop<poBaHHbIX rJlH-
HHCTbIX nopo)), H TOp<pa, a TaKLKe Y4aCTKOB C B03MOLKHbIM. B03HHKHOB
HHeM
OnOJl3HeH, r)),e nOTpe6YIOTCH Cnel(HaJlbHbIe MeponpHHTHH no HX yKpenJIeHHIO.
Ha nopOLKHCTbIX Y4aCTKax )),OJlHHbI Ha)),eLKHbIM OCHOBaHHeM COOPYLKe-
HHH MorYT 6bITb BepXHe)),eBOHCKHe )),OJIOMHTbI H )),OJIOMHTH3HpOBaHHbIe
H3BeCTH5!KH. YCTOH4HBOCTb HX He BbI3bIBaeT onaceHHH, BpeMeHHoe con pO-
THB.TJeHHe pa3)),aBJIHBaHHIO )),OJlOMHTOB B cpe)),HeM paBHo 525 KrjcM 2 . Bce LKe
He06xo)),HMO OTMeTHTb CHJIbHYIO Bo)),onpOHHl(aeMOCTb KaBepH03HbIX pa3Ho-
.CTeH 3THX no po))" BeCbMa He6JlarOnpHHTHYIO npH CTpOHTeJIbCTBe Bo)),oxpa-
HHJIHIlI..
PaHoH npeuMYUJ,ecTBeHHoro pa3BUTUSI TOpIj)SlHO-UJlUCTbIX nopo)), reoJloro-
reHeTUqeCKOrO KOMnJleKCa o3epHO-6oJlOTHbIX OTJlOJKeHUH (1hQIII-IV)
I(oMnJIeKC cOBpeMeHHblx 03epHO-60JIOTHbIX OTJIOLKeHI1H HMeeT pacnpo-
cTpaHeHHe Ha pa3JlH4HbIX no pa3MepaM 060c06JleHHbIX Y4acTKax no BceH
TeppHTopHH 06JlaCTH. B npe)),eJIax paHoHa nop0)),bI KOMnJIeKCa MOLKHO
06'be)),HHHTb B CJIe)),YIOIlI.He HHLKeHepHo- reOJIOrH4eCKHe rpynnbI: a) TOp<p
(TOP<P, HHor)),a 3aHJIeHHbIH, canpOneJleBble HJIbI); 6) neC4aHbIe nopo)),bI
(3aHJIeHHbIe H 3aTop<poBaHHbIe MeJlK03epHHcTbIe necKH) ; B) CBH3Hbie
nopO)),bI C neC4aHbIMH (TOHKHe rYMYCHpOBaHHbIe cynecH, cyrJIHHKH H neCKH).
I1pe06Jla)),aeT TOp<p. MOIll.HOCTb ,lJ.aHHbIx nopo)), KOJIe6JIeTC5! B npe)),eJIax
OT 0,5 )),0 3,5 M, peLKe )),OCTHraeT 6 M H 60Jlee.
3TO CHJIbHOBJlarOeMKHe, CJIa60Bo)),onpOHHl(aeMbIe nopo)),bI, KOTopbIe
HaXO)),5!TCH B nJlaCTH4HoTeKY4eM H TeKY4eM COCTOHHHH, CHJIbHOCLKHMaeMbIe,
06.JIa)),aIOIlI.He C.JIa60H HecYIll.eH cnoc06HoCTbIO. Top<p pa3BI1T MOXOBOH,
MXoBo-)),peBecHbIH HJlH TpaBHHoH, MXoBo-TpaBHHoH, 4aCTO HJIHCTbIH.
<DH3HKo-MexaHH4ecKHe CBOHCTBa TOp<pa 3aBHCHT OT CTeneHH pa3JlOLKeHHH.
TIpH CJla60H CTeneHH pa3JlOLKeHHH (5-10 %) Bo)),onpOHHl(aeMOCTb HX

bICOKaH (K paBeH OKOJIO 4 MjCYTKU), a npH CTeneHH pa3JlOLKeHH5! 50 %
K03<p<pHl(HeHT <pHJlbTpal(HH CHHLKaeTCH )),0 0,6 MjCYTKU (BHHOKYPOB [H )),p.],
1962). HecYIll.aH cnoc06HoCTb TOp<pa 04eHb HH3KaH, opHeHTHpoB04HO npH-
HHMaIOT pac4eTHoe conpOTHBJleHHe, paBHoe 0,7 KrjcM 2 . Oca)),KH no)), )),eH-
CTBHeM HarpY30K MorYT 6bITb 60JIee 50%.
YpoBeHb nepBoro OT nOBepxHocTH BO)),OHOCHoro ropH30HTa B npe)),eJIax
pacnpoCTpaHeHlIH KOMnJleKCa 03epHO-60JlOTHbIX OTJIOLKeHHH 3aJIeraeT Ha
r.TJy6HHe B cpe)),HeM OT 0 )),0 1 M. BO)),bI CJla60MHHepaJlH30BaHHbIe, rH)),po-
Kap6oHaTHO-KaJlbl(HeBbIe, B OT)),eJIbHbIX CJlY4aHx OKa3bIBaIOT arpeccHBHoe
)),eHCTBHe Ha 6eToH Ha nOpTJlaH)),-l(eMeHTe.
B CBH3H C IlIHpOKHM pa3BHTHeM TOp<pa II BbICOKOCLKHMaeMbIX 3aTop-
tP0BaHHbIx H 3aHJIeHHbIX neC4aHbIX H f'JlHHHCTbIX nopo))" a TaKLKe BCJle)),-
-CTBHe 6JlH3KOro 3aJIeraHHH ypOBHH rpYHToBbIX BO)), paHoH HBJlHeTCH He6Jla-
ronpHHTHbIM )),JIH rpaLK)),aHcKoro H npOMbIIlIJleHHOrO cTpOHTeJlbCTBa.
PaHoH pa3BUTHSI neCqaHblX nopo,lJ. reoJloro-reHeTUqeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa
90JlOBbiX OT JlOJKeHUH (eoIQIII-IV)
HaH60JIee IIIHpOKO pa3BHT 30JIOBbIH KOMnJleKC B ceBepHoH 4aCTH
>o6JlaCTH, r)),e OH 3aHHMaeT 3HaqHTeJlbHbIe no nJIOIll.a)),H MaCCHBbI. OT)),eJIb-
JlbIe XOJ1MbI, rpH)),bI, CJlOLKeHHbIe 30JIOBblMH OTJIOLKeHH5!MH, H Y'laCTKH pac-




364


HH)I(EHEPHO-rEOJlOrH'-IECKA51 XA,pAKTEPHCTHKA


npOCTpaHeHHH KY'-IeBWX neCKOB pa36pocaHW no BceH TeppHTopHH 06naCTH.
30nOBbie 06pa30BaHHH 06'be)).HHHIOTCH B HHJKeHepHo-reOnOfH'-IeCKYIO rpynny
neC'-IaHblX nopo))..
DeCKH KBapu:eBble, C npHMeCblO noneBblX llInaTOB H TeMHOU:BeTHbIX
MHHepanOB, 06bI'-IHO XOpOllIO OTCOpTHpOBaHHble, '-IaIll.e Bcero MenK03epHH-
CTbie MOIll.HOCTblO 1,5-5 M, peJKe )).0 15 M. Pac4eTHbie conpOTHBJIeHHH
MenK03epHHCTbiX neCKOB cpe)).HeH rrnOTHOCTH paBHbI 2 KrjcM 2 , a yrrnoT-
HeHHblX - 2,5 KrjcM 2 . Pac4eTHbIH yron TpeHHH MenK03epHHcTbIX neCKOB
rrpH K03<P<PHU:HeHTe rropHCTOCTH 0,7 paBeH 30°. OTnOJKeHHH 30nOBoro KOM-
rr,leKca nO'-lTH 6e3Bo)).Hble.


06.1laCmb zpfliJoBO-.M.OpeHHOzo, xO.ll.M.ucmO-.M.OpeHHOzo
u n.llOC1WBO.llHUCmOZO pe.llbetjJa B npeiJe.llax n.llo
aau
pacnpocmpaHeHufl om.llo:JICeHuii .M.OC1WBCKOZO o.lleiJeHeHUIl
ll,eHTpanbHaH '-IaCTb TeppHTopHH EenopyccHH npe)).cTaBnHeT c060H.
rrOJIOrOBOnHHCToe MopeHHoe rrnaTO C OT)).enbHbIMH KpynHbIMH BcxonMne-
HHHMH KOHe'-lHOMOpeHHblx 06pa30BaHHH.
HaH60nee B03BbIllIeHHaH '-IaCTb TeppHTopHH cnYJKHT Bo)).opa3)).enOM
MeJK)).y 6acceHHaMH peK I.JepHoro H EanTHHcKoro MopeH. DOBepxHocTb
3TOH TeppHTopHH, nepBOHa'-lanbHO 06yc.noBJleHHaH aKKYMynHU:HeH MOCKOB-
CKoro ne)).HHKa, CHnbHO CrnaJKeHa )).eHy)).aU:HOHHbIMH npou:eccaMH H pac-
'-IneHeHa nocne)).YIOIlI.eH r ny6HHHoH 3p03HeiI.
B rrpe)).enax paccMaTpHBaeMoH 06nacTH 06llIHpHble TeppHTopHH
3aHHTbI nonorOBonHHCTbIMH MopeHHbIMH paBHHHaMH MOCKOBCKoro OJle)).e-
HeHHH (JIH)).cKaH, CTOJl6u:oBcKaH, K BOCTOKY OT MHHcKa H )).p.). OHH
xapaKTepH3YlOTCH a6conlOTHbIMH OTMeTKaMH 120-180 M. OTHOCHTeJIbHOe
npeBbIllIeHHe rrOJlOJKHTenbHblX <pOPM penbe<pa Ha)). nOHHJKeHHHMH 113Me-
HHeTCH B npe)).enax 1-7 M. .lI.onHHbI peK Bpe3aHbI )).0 rny6HHbI 15-20 Ht.
DOBepxHocTb paBHHH paC'-IneHeHa nOJK6HHaMH, '-IaCTO 3a60no'-leHHbIMH H
3aTop<P0BaHHbIMH.
DonoroBonHHcTble paBHHHbl CnOJKeHbI BanYHHbIMH cyrnHHKaMH H cYrIe-
CHMH C JlHH3aMH pa3H03epHHcTbIX neCKOB.
KOHe'-lHOMOpeHHble xonMbI H rpH)).bl 06pa3YlOT pH)). B03BbIllIeHHOCTeH.
HaH60Jlee KpyrrHblMH H3 HHX HBJIHIOTC5I: OllIMHHCK3H, MHHCKaH, rpO)).HeH-
CKaH, HOBorpY)).CKaH, BonKOBbICKaH, CnOHHMCKaH, KorrbWbCKa51 H )).p. Hx
BblCOT3 pa3nH4HaH. OTHOCHTenbHoe rrpeBblllIeHHe OT)).enbHbiX Kyrrono06pa3-
HblX xonMOB )).OCTHraeT 50-60 M, peJKe 120 M. A6conlOTHaH BblCOTa
OT)).enbHbiX TO'-leK H3MepHeTC5I 295-320 (OllIMHcKaH B03BbIllIeHHocTb) H
346 M (MHHcKaH B03BbIllIeHHocTb).
Ha nOBepxHocTH MHHCKOH, OllIMHHCKOH H HOBorpy)).cKoH B03BblilleH-
HocTeH OTMe'-laeTCH pa3BHTHe neccoBH)).HbIX 06pa30BaHHH. DOBepxHocTh
B03BbIllIeHHOCTeH pac4neHeHa OBparaMH, 6anKaMH, nOJK6HHaMH CTOKa,
pe'-lHblMH )).onHHaMH H 3Ha4HTeJIbHO CrnaJKeHa )).eHy)).aU:HOHHbIMH rrpou:ec-
caMH. OTMe'-laIOTCH 60nbllIHe CKonneHHH BanYHoB Ha pa3MbITOH nOBepx-
HOCTH cyneceH H cyrnHHKoB, HaCbIIlI.eHHbIX rpaBHeM, ranbKoH H BanYHaMH.
a TaKJKe neC'-IaHO-rpaBHHHbIX OTnOJKeHHH, CJlaralOIlI.HX rp5l)).bI KOHe4HO-
MopeHHblx 06pa30BaHHH.
HaH60nee KpynHbIMH peKaMH u:eHTpanbHoH '-IaCTH EeJIOpyccHH HBlIH-
IOTC5I HeMaH C npHToKoM BHnHeH, Eepe3HHa, CBHCnO'-lb, .lI.Henp (Bep-
xOBbe) H )).p.
B npe)).enax MHHCKOll B03BbIllIeHHOCTH rny6HHa (Bpe3) )).onHH )).OCTH-
raeT 30-40 M. lIIHpHHa HX Kone6JleTCH OT HeCKonbKHX MeTpOB )).0 1-2 KM.
Ha HH3HHHbIX Y'-laCTKaX, oc06eHHo B IOJKHOll 4aCTH 06nacTH, peKH cna60'
Bpe3aHbI no OTHOllIeHHIO K OKpYJKalOIlI.HM <popMaM penbe<pa. llIHprlHa:




CEBEPHA5! OKPAHHA Y.KPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAnJIWI. MACCHBA


365


]l,OnHH peK YBenHlIHBaeTCH ]1,0 3-5 KM H ]l,a)Ke 10 KM. B )),onHHax .lI.Henpa,
HeM aHa, oepe3HHbI BbI)),enHeTCH He MeHee Tpex Teppac: O)),Ha nOHMeHHaH
H )),Be Ha)),rrOHMeHHbIX.
.lI.onHHa p
 .lI.Herrpa npH rrepecelleHHH OpIl1aHo-MorHneBCKOro nnaTO
fJly60KO Bpe3aHa ()),o 80 M), Il1HpHHa ee 3)),ecb-0,4-1,5 KM. lllHplIHa
Pycna peKH BbIIl1e r. OpIl1H COCTaBnHeT 60-70 M, HH)Ke - )),OCTHraeT
100 M. lO)KHee )),onHHa paCIl1HpHeTCH )),0 10-15 KM (IO)KHee r. PoralleBa).
Il1HpHHa pycna YBenHlIHBaeTcH )),0 0,5-0,6 KM. fny6HHa peKH B cpe)),HeM
cocraBMIeT 1,5-2 M, pe)Ke )),OCTHraeT 3 M. I10HMa .lI.Henpa B03BbIIl1aeTCH
HaJJ. ype30M BO)),bI B peKe Ha 6-7 M, a IO)KHee r. MOrHJ1eBa CHH)KaeTCH
]1,0 4 ,W, rroBepXHOCTb ee Ha 3TOM YllacTKe lIaCTO 3a60nolleHa. I1epBaH Ha)),-
rroHMeHHaH Teppaca H3MeHHeTCH no BbICOTe OT 16 M (B npe)),eJ1ax pa3BHTHH
.'leCCOBOro nJ1aTo) JJ.O 7-8 M (B IO)KHOH lIaCTH )),aHHoH 06J1aCTH). BTopaH
HaJJ.rroHMeHHaH Teppaca pa3BHTa HenOBceMeCTHO, HaH60J1ee u:eTKO OHa
BbIpalKeHa B peJ1be<pe rro neB06epe)KbIO Ha BbICOTe 40 M Ha)), ype30M BO)),bI
B peKe, a IO)KHee rrJ1aTO CHH)KaeTCH )),0 23 M.
B )),OJ1HHe p. oepe3HHbI (rrpaBoro rrpHToKa p. .lI.Herrpa) rroHMeHHaH
Teppaca HH3KaH (1,5-2 M), Ha MHOrHX YllacTKax 3a60J101leHHaH. I1epBaH
Ha,'l,rrOHMeHHaH Teppaca HMeeT BbICOTY Ha)), ype30M BO)),bI B peKe 3-4 M,
TaK)Ke lIaCTO 3a60J101leHa.
BbIcoTa BTOpOH Ha)),rroHMeHHoH Teppacbl B BepxoBbe )),OCTHraeT 22 M
(rrpH Brra)),eHHH p. CBHcnollH), B cpe)),HeH lIaCTH )),OJ1HHbI CHH)KaeTCH )),0
16-14 M H eIlI.e 60nee B HH30Bbe )),OJ1HHbI.
lllHpHHa )),OJ1HHbI p. HeMaHa K0J1e6neTCH OT 5-10 )),0 30 KM (B rrpe-
.QeJ1ax HH3MeHHocTH), a rrpH rrepecelleHHH fpo)),HeHcKoH B03BbIIl1eHHOCTH
OHa He rrpeBbIIl1aeT 1,5-3 KM. lllHpHHa pycJ1a H3MeHHeTCH OT 50 )),0 170 M,
rJ1y6HHa paBHa 1-2,5 M, 3a HCKnIOlIeHHeM OT)),eJ1bHbIX rrepeyrny6neHHH
JJ.O 8 M B paHoHe fpO)),HO. AMrrJ1HTy)),a K0J1e6aHHH ypOBHH BO)),bI B Me)KeH-
HUff rrepHO)), H B BeceHHHH rraBO)),OK COCTaBnHeT OKono 4 M.
I10HMa peKH HCHO BbIpa)KeHa, Il1HpHHa ee K0J1e6neTCH OT 1,5-2 )),0
4-5 KM. BbIcoTa Ha)), Me)KeHHbIM ypoBHeM peKH COCTaBnHeT 3-4 M (BbICO-
Koro ypOBHH). HH3KHH ypoBeHb CHH)KaeTCH )),0 0,5-1,5 M. B rrpe)),eJ1ax
B03BbIIl1eHHOCTH nOHMa MeCTaMH OTcYTCTByeT HJ1H HMeeT He3HallHTeJ1bHYIO
Il1HpHHY. I1epBaH HaJJ.rroHMeHHaH Teppaca rrpOCne)KHBaeTCH B BH)),e Y3KHX
rrOJ1OC rro BceH )),OJ1HHe peKH H ee npHToKaM (lll,ape, POCCH, MOJ1l1a)),H.
KOTpe), Ha HeKoTopbIX yqaCTKaX Il1HpHHa TeppacbI YBenHlIHBaeTcH )),0
30 KM. BbICOTa ee Ha)), Me)KeHHbIM ypoBHeM BO)),bI COCTaBnHeT He 60J1ee
7-8 M.
BTopaH Ha)),rroHMeHHaH Teppaca B03BbIIl1aeTCH Ha 8-11 M Ha)), ype-
30M BOJJ.bI, MaKCHMaJ1bHaH Il1HpHHa ee )),OCTHraeT 15-20 KM. I1epBaH H BTO-
paH Ha)),rrOHMeHHbIe TeppaCbI pe3KO CY)KHBaIOTCH H lIaCTO rrpepbIBaIOTCSI
B rrpeJJ.eJ1ax fpO)),HeHCKOH B03BbIIl1eHHOCTH.
l.J:eTBepTHlIHbIe 06pa30BaHHH B rrpe)),enax paCCMaTpHBaeMOH 06naCTH
HMeIOT 3Ha lIHTeJ1bHYIO MOIlI.HOCTb (OT 50-60 )),0 350 M). OOJ1bIl1eH lIaCTbIO
OHH 3aJ1eraIOT Ha KBapu.eBo-rnaYKoHHTOBbIX neCKax H MepreJ1bHO-MenoBbIx
rropo)),ax BepxHero MeJ1a, a Ha ceBepe paHoHa - H3BeCTHHKOBo-)),onOMHTO-
BbIX OTJ10)KeHHHX H rreClIaHO-fnHHHCTbIX rropo)),ax cpe)),Hero )),eBOHa.
I1peJJ.J1e)),HHKoBbIe rreClIaHO-fJ1HHHCTbIe OTnO)KeHHH C npocnoHMH TOp<pa,
6epe3HHcKaH MopeHa, a TaK)Ke 3aneraIOIlI.He Ha HeKoTopbIX YllacTKax Me)K-
MopeHHbIe 6epe3HHcKo- )),HerrpoBcKHe neClIaHbIe OT nO)KeHHH, COCTaBnHIOT
MOIlI.HYIO TOJ1IlI.Y B OCHOBaHHH lIeTBepTHlIHbIX OTnO)KeHHH 3arra)),HoH H u.eH-
TpaJIbHOH qaCTeH 06JIaCTH.
3aJIeraIOIlI.aH BbIIl1e no pa3pe3Y )),HenpoBcKaH MopeHa HMeeT Il1HpOKOe
pacrrpoCTpaHeHHe B rrpe)),eJIax 06JIaCTH oc06eHHO B 3ana)),HoH ee lIaCTH.
MOIlI.HOCTb TOJIIlI.H BaJIYHHbIX cyrreceH, cyrJIHHKOB H rJIHH KOJIe6JIeTCH OT
HeCKOJIbKHX MeTpoB )),0 30-45 M. 3aJIefaIOT OHH Ha fJ1y6HHe OT 20 )),0 35 M




366


HH)I(EiHBPHO- rEOJlOrW-IECKA5I XAP AKTBPHCTHKA


OT nOBepXHOCTH 3eMnH. B BOCTOqHOH qaCTH 06naCTH
HenpOBCKa
 MOpeHa
pa3MbITa H COXpaHHJIaCb JIHIllb B nOHH)I(eHHIIX Jl,OqeTBepTHqHOrO peJIbecpa.
Me)l(MOpeHHble OTnOJKeHH
, pa3J1,eJIHIOllI.He MOpeHHble TOJIIlJ,H MOCKOB-
CKOrO H
HenpOBCKOrO OJIeJl,eHeHHH, npeJl,CTaBneHbI BOJl,HOneJl,HHKOBbIMH
MenKO- H CpeJl,He3epHHCTbIMH neCKaMH C nHH3aMH neCqaHO-rpaBHHHOrQ
MaTepHaJIa !1 npOCJIO
M!1 MeJKJIeJl,HHKOBbIX 03epHO-aJIJIIOB!1aJIbHbIX ryMYCH-
pOBaHHbIX cyrreceH, cyrnHHKoB H rreCKOB.
MOpeHHble 06pa30BaHHH MOCKOBCKOrO OJIeJl,eHeHHH nOqTH CnnOIllHbIM
qeXJIOM nOKpbIBalOT TeppHTOpHIO 06JIaCTH. Ha 3HaqHTeJIbHbIX rrpOCTpaH-
CTBaX OHH nepeKpbITbI MaJIOMOllI.HOH (JI,o 1-5 M) TOJIllI.eH BOJl,HoneJl,HHKO-
BbIX Me.TJKO- !1 CpeJl,He3epHHcTbIX rreCKOB BpeMeHH oTcTynaHHH MOCKOBCKoro
OJIeJl,eHeHHH.
Ha paccMaTpHBaeMoH TeppHTopHH pa3BHTbI cJIeJl,YIOllI.He cpH3HKO-
reOJIOrHqeCKHe npou.eCCbI: oBparoo6pa30BaHHe, rrOJl,MbIB 6eperoBblx CK.'IO-
HOB, OrrOn3HH, 3a6onaqHBaHHe rrOHM H rrOHHJKeHHH Ha BOJl,opa3J1,eJIaX,
a TaKJKe CYCPCP03HH Ha yqaCTKaX pa3BHTHH JIeCCOBHJI,HbIX 06pa30BaHHH.
HHJKeHepHO-reOnOmqeCKHe yC.TJOBHH paCCMaTpHBaeMOH 06.TJaCTH B L(e-
.'lOM xapaKTepH3yIOTCH KaK OTHOCHTeJIbHO 6naronpHHTHbIe. IIIHpoKO
pa3BHTble C nOBepXHOCTH KOHeqHOMOpeHHble 06pa30BaHHH H OTnOJKeHHH
OCHOBHOH MopeHbI, a TaKJKe MOllI.Hble HaKOnJIeHHH cpJIIOBHOrJIHL(HaJIbHbIX
06pa30BaHHH 51BnHIOTCH BeCbMa YCTOHqHBbIMH, npHrOJl,HbIMH Jl,JIH B03Be-
Jl,eHHH Ha HX pa3/'IHqHbIX BHJI,OB coopYJKeHHH.
B rrpeJl,enax 06naCTH rpHJI,OBO-MOpeHHoro, XOJIMHCTO-MopeHHoro II
nnOCKoBOJIHHCTOro peJIbecpa B 30He MOCKOBCKoro OJIeJl,eHeHHH no YCJIOBHHM
pacnpOCTpaHeH!1H reHeTHqeCKHX KOMnJIeKCOB nopoJl, BbIJI,eJIHIOTCH IlleCTb
HHJKeHepHO-reOJIOrHqeCKHX paHOHOB, B npeJl,eJIax KOTOpbIX IllHpOKO pa3-
BHTbI nOJl,cpopMaL(HH MOCKOBCKoro OJIeJl,eHeHHH.


PaHOH npeHMYllI.eCTBeHHoro pa3BHTHSI cyneCqaHbIX H cyrJlHHHcTblX nopoJl,
c BKJllOqeHHeM 06J10MOQHbIX reOJlOrO-reHeTH'IeCKOrO KOMnJleKCa OCHOBHOH
MopeHbl BpeMeHH MOCKOBCKoro OJle)J,eHeHHSI (gIQnm)
MbpeHa MOCKOBCKoro OJIeJl,eHeH!1H nOJIb3yeTcH IllllpOKHM pacnpOCTpa-
HeHHeM B rrpeJl,eJIax 06JIaCTH. OOpOJl,bI JIeJl,HHKOBOro KOMnJIeKCa paHOHa
06'beJl,HH5IIOTC5I B HHJKeHepHO-reOJIOmqeCKYIO rpyrrny CBH3HbIX nopon.
C BKJIlOqeHHeM 06Jl0MOqHbIX (KpaCHo-6ypble cynecH H cyrJIHHKH, 6eCCTpYK-
TypHble, rpy6bIe, H3BeCTKOBHCTble, rrJIOTHble, CHJIbHO HaCbIllI.eHHble rpaBHeM,
raJIbKOH H BaJIYHaMH H3BepJKeHHbIX, MeTaMopCPHqeCKHX H OCaJl,O'IHbIX
nopoJl,). B HHX HepeJl,KO BCTpeqalOTCH MaJIOMOllI.Hble npOCJIOHKH H JIHH3bI
pa3.nHqHbIX rro rpaHYJIOMeTpHqeCKOMY COCTaBY neCKOB H rpaBHHHO-raJIeq-
HHKOBoro MaTepHaJIa.
MOllI.HOCTb MopeHHbIX OT JIOJKeHHH MOCKOBCKoro OJIeJl,eHeHHH OqeHb
HepaBHOMepHaH H H3MeH5IeTCH OT 2 Jl,O 20 M, B OTJI,eJIbHbIX CJIyqaHX Jl,OCT!1-
raeT 50 M. B COCTaBe 3THX rropoJl" no Jl,aHHbIM rpaHYJIOMeTpHqeCKHX awl-
JIH30B, rrpe06JIaJl,aIOT rreCqaHble cppaKL(HH (68%), rrbweBaTble (17%) l.f
rnHHHCTbie (11%) cOJl,epJKaTCH B He6oJIbIllOM KOJIHqeCTBe; rpaBHHHbIe
3epHa COCTaB.TJHIOT 2 %. MHHepaJIbHbIH COCTaB neCqaHbIX cppaKL(HH npe;J,-
CTaBJIeH B OCHOBHOM KBapL(eM, MHKpOKJIHHOM, nOJIeBbIM IllnaTOM C npH-
MeCblO MYCKOBHTa, 6HoTHTa, rpaHaTa, rnaYKOHHTa H Jl,pyrHx MHHepanoB_
lJIHHHcTaH cppaKL(HH 3THX rropoJl, npeJl,CTaBJIeHa Ha 44,5% KBapL(eM,
20,5% - MHHepaJIOB rpynrrbI MOHTMOpJfJJnOHIfTa, 15,7% - MycKoBHTa,
7% - KaOJIHHHTa, 7% - nOJIeBbIX IllrraTOB II Jl,pyrHx MHHepaJIOB.
MopeHa xapaKTepH3yeTcH nJIOTHbIM CJIO)KeHHeM (nopHcToCTb B cpeJl,-
HeM no 100 06pa3uaM paBHa 29 %) H TBepJl,OH, peJKe TyrOnJIaCTHqHOH
H MHrKOrrJIaCTHqHOH KOHcHcTeHUHeH. B OTJI,enbHbIX c.TJyqa
x eCTeCTBeHHa5l'
nopHCTOCTb MopeHHblx cyneceH H cyr.lJHHKOB Jl,OCTHraeT' 38-48 %, npH 3ToM'




CEBEPHA5I OKPAHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTA.n.nH4. MACCHBA


367


'CIIC.nO rr.naCTIIlIHOCTII II3MeH5leTCH OT 18 )),0 49 %. K03<pqmuIIeHT KOMrrpeccIIII
Ko.ne6.neTcH OT 0,003 )),0 0,057 CM 2 fKr (rrpII p= 3 Kr /CM 2 ), liTO YKa3blBaeT
Ha C.na6yIO C)KHMaeMOCTb 3TIIX rropo)),. Yro.n BHYTpeHHero TpeHIIH B cpe)),-
HeM paBeH 26°. B eCTeCTBeHHbIX YC.nOBIIHX conpoTIIB.neHIIe C)),BIIry 3Ha 'fII-
Te.nbHO BbI III e, TaK KaK nopo)),bI HaCbIIlJ,eHbl rpaBIIeM, ra.nbKOH II Ba.nYHaMI1.
.lI.onycTIIMoe )),aBJIeHIIe npIIHIIMaeTcH paBHbIM 3-4 KrjcM 2 Ha -cyr.nIIHIICTbIe
nopo)),bI Tyron.nacTHlIHoro COCTOHHIIH II 2-3 Kr{CM 2 B c.nY'fae IIX n.naCTIIlI-
HOH KOHCIICTeHUIIII (BIIHOKypOB, 1962).
BHYTpHMopeHHble, rrpeHMYIlJ,ecTBeHHo Me.nK03epHIIcTbIe rreCKH HMeIOT
rropIIcToCTb 32-38 %. .lI.orrycKaeMaH HarpY3Ka He )),o.n)KHa npeBbIIllaTb
2 Kr;CM 2 .
r.ny6HHa 3a.neraHIIH nepBoro OT rroBepxHocTII BO)),OHOCHoro ropII30HTa
Ko.ne6.neTcH OT 0,5 )),0 9-11 ,1,1, B OT)),e.nbHbIX c.nYllaHX OH HarropHbIH (Be.nH-
lIIIHa Hanopa )),0 5 M). BO)),bI npeHMYIlJ,eCTBeHHo rrr)),poKap60HaTHO-KaJIb-
uHeBble, c.na60MI-IHepa.nII30BaHHbIe, B a6co.nIOTHOM 60.nbIllIIHcTBe Hearpec-
CHBHbIe.
H a n.nOIlJ,a)),II pacnpoCTpaHeHIIH .ne)),HIIKOBoro KOMrr.neKca HaII60.nee
lllHpOKO pa3BIITbI oBparo06pa30BaTe.nbHble rrpoueCCbI, a TaK)Ke 3a60.nallH-
BaHHe nOHII)KeHHbIX YllaCTKOB pe.nbe<pa. I1H)KeHepHo-reo.norIIlIecKHe yc.no-
BIIH n.nOIlJ,a)),H pacrrpocTpaHeHIIH MopeHHbIx OT.nO)KeHHH BeCbMa 6.naro-
npIIHTHbI C TOllKll 3peHHH npIIro)),HocTH ee )),JIH oCYIlJ,eCTBJIeHHH pa3JIIIQHblX
BII)),OB cTpoHTe.nbcTBa.


PaUOH npeHMYlll.eCTBeHHoro pa3BHTHSI cyneclIaHbIx, cyrJIHHHCTbIX, a TaK}I{e
neCqaHblX nopo
 C BKJIlOqeHHeM 06JlOMOqHblX reOJIOrO-reHeTHQeCKOrO
KOMnJleKCa KOHeQHOMOpeHHblx o6pa30BaHHu
BpeMeHH MOCKOBCKoro OJIe)),eHeHHSI (gltQum)


KOHe'fHOMOpeHHbIe OT.nO}l{eHHH IIMeIOT IllIIpoKoe pacrrpocTpaHeHIIe
B rrpe)),eJIax 06.nacTH, r)),e OHH CJIaraIOT KpynHble rpH)),bI H B03BbIIlleHHOCTH
(OIllMHHcKaH II MHHcKaH B03BbIIlleHHOCTII, IOrO-3ana)),HaH BeTBb Be.nopyc-
CKOM rpH)),bI). B HX COCTaBe npe06.na)),aeT IIH)KeHepHo-reo.norrr'feCKaH
rpyrrna CBH3HbIX nopo)), C BK.nIOlIeHHeM 06.nOMOllHbIX (Ba.nYHHbIe cynecII II
cyr.nIIHKII). Ha OT)),e.nbHbIX YllaCTKax 3TII OT.nO)KeHIIH npe)),CTaB.neHbI Ba.nYH-
HbIMII neCKaMH, B 60.nbIllIIHCTBe r.nHHHCTbIMH, C npoc.nOHMII II .nIIH3aMII
cyneceH, a TaK)Ke rpaBIIHHo-ra.nellHIIKOBoro MaTepIIa.na, KOTopbIe OTHO-
CHTCH K IIH)KeHepHo-reo.norIIlIeCKHM rpynnaM neCllaHbIX nopo)), II necllaHbIx
nopo)), co CBH3HbIMII.
KOHellHOMopeHHble OT.nO}l{eHIIH co)),ep}l{aT 60.nbIlloe Ko.nIIlIeCTBO OTTOp-
)KeHueB Me.na, 06'be)),IIHeHHbIX B IIH)KeHepHo-reo.norrrlleCKYIO rpynny no.ny-
CKa.nbHblX nopo)I, a TaK)Ke )],0.nOMIITH3IIpOBaHHbIX II3BeCTHHKOB, BXO)),HIIJ,IIX
B IIH)KeHepHo-reo.norrrlleCKYIO rpynny CKa.nbHbIX nopo)),.
MOIIJ,HOCTb .ne)),HHKOBbIX OT.nO)KeHIIH MOCKOBCKoro .ne)),HHKa B 06.naCTIf
pa3BIITIIH KOHellHOMopeHHblX 06pa30BaHRH )),OCTHraeT 100-150 ,1,1 H 60JIee.
OHII 06bIlIHO 6e3Bo)),HbIe. B MeCTax cnopa)),IIlIecKoro pacnpocTpaHeHIIH
rpYHToBbIX BO)], noc.ne)),HIIe 3a.neraIOT Ha r.ny6IIHax OT 10-50 ,1,1 II 60.nee.
P aClIeTHble conpOTHBJIeHIIH MopeHHbIx cyneceH H cyr.nIIHKOB, a TaK)Ke
rpaBIIMHo-ra.nellHIIKoBoro MaTepIIa.na H HeKoTopbIX pa3HocTeM r.nHHIICTbIX
neCKOB (rrpH K03<p<pHuHeHTe rropIIcToCTH 0,7) COCTaB.nHIOT OKO.nO 3 Kr;CM 2 .
.lI.onycKaeMaH HarpY3Ka Ha neClIaHble nop0)),bI npeBbIIllaeT 2,5 KrjcM 2 .
HH}I{eHepHo-reo.nomllecKHe YCJIOBHH paHoHa xapaKTepH3YIOTCH 60JIb-
IllIIM pa3Ho06pa3HeM B OTHOIlleHHII npHro)),HocTH OT)],eJIbHblX YllacTKoB )),JIH
pa3.nrr"lHbIX BH)),OB CTpOHTeJIbCTBa. HaH60.nee 6.naronpHHTHble YC.nOBHH
OTMellaIOTCH Ha YllacTKax, c.nO)KeHHbIX C nOBepxHocTH npO'fHbIMII Ba.nYH-
HbIMH cynecHMH H cyrJIHHRiaMlIi Ha YllaCTK'ax, c.nO}l{eHHbIX .nIITo.norIIlIeCKH




368


HH)KEHE,PHO- rEOJIOrH4ECKA51 XAP AKTEP>HCTHKA


HeO)],HopO)],HOH TOJIlll.eH neCKOB, cyrJIHHKOB, cyneceH H rJIHH, He06xo)],HMO
Y4HTWBaTb B03MO*HOCTb HepaBHOMepHWX OCa)],OK npH B03Be)],eHHH coopy-
*eHHH.


PaHOH npeHMy
eCTBeHHOrO pa3BHTHH neC'laHblX nopo)], reOJIoro-
reHeTH'leCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa BO)],HOJIe)],HHKOBblX 06pa30BaHHH
BpeMeHH oTcTynaHHSI MOCKOBCKOro OJle)],eHeHHSI (f glsQnm)


BO)],HOJIe)],HHKOBbIH KOMnJIeKC no COCTaBY CJIaraIOr.u:HX ero nopo)],
06'be)],HH5IeTC5I B )],Be HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOrnqeCKHe rpynnbI: a) neCqaHbIX
nopo)], (MeJIKO-, cpe)],He- H KpynH03epHHCTwe KBapueBble neCKH C rpaBHeM
H ra31bKoH), 6) neC4aHblX nopo)], co CBHSHbIMH (pa3H03epHHcTble neCKH,
fJlHHHCTble neCKH C npOC310HMl1 TOHKHX cyneceH H cyr 31HHKOB). f10pO)],bI
BO)],H031e)],HHKOBoro KOMn31eKCa llIHpOKO pacnpocTpaHeHbI B ueHTpaJIbHOH
H sana)],HoH qaCT5IX 06JIaCTH. Ha 6031bllleH n310IIJ:a)],H T031IIJ:a HX Ma310MOIIJ:-
Ha51 (1-5 /w), O)],HaKO MeCTaMH HX MOIIJ:HOCTb )],OCTHraeT 15-20 M H 60JIee.
f10MHMO <p31IOBHOr315lUHaJIbHbIX OT31o*eHHH, cpe)],H BO)],H031e)],HHKOBbIX
lllI1pOKHM pacnpocTpaHeHHeM n031b3YIOTC5I 030Bble H KaMOBble OTJIo*eHH5I.
Hx MOr.u:HOCTb BapbHpyeT B npe)],e31ax OT 5 )],0 50-60 M. KaMbI C31o*eHbI
B OCHOBHOM C310HCTbIMH pasHosepHHcTbrMH neCKaMH C 31HH3aMH rpaBHHHo-
ra31eqHHKOBOro MaTepHaJIa. OSbI TaK*e COCT05lT HS neCKOB, 60raTbIX rpa-
BHeM, ra31bKOH H Ba31YHaMH.
BO)],H031e)],HHKoBble neCKH no <pH3HKo-MeXaHHqeCKHM cBolIcTBaM Heo)],-
HOpO)],HbI, tJ:TO 06'b5lCH5IeTCH pa3Ho06pasHeM HX COCTaBa. f10pHCTOCTb B pbIX-
310M COCT05lHHH HSMeH5IeTCH OT 35 )],0 45 % H B yrrJIOTHeHHoM OT 30 )],0 44 %.
K03<p<pHLmeHT <pH31bTpaUHH HX K031e631eTCH OT 0,5 )],0 12 MjCYTlW, O)],HaKO
B KpynH03epHHcTbIX H rpaBe31HCTbIX rreCKax OH MO)KeT )],OCTnraTb H
25 M.jCYTKU. YroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca neCKOB B CYXOM COCT05lHHH He
rrpeBbIlllaeT 32° H rro)], BO)],OH - 27°. f1ecKH OTHOC5ITC5I K cJIa60- H cpe)],He-
C*HMaeMbIM, yroJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHH5I H3MeHHeTC5I OT 29 )],0 37°. P aC'leT-
HbIe conpOTHBJIeHHH rreCKOB cpe)],HeH rrJIOTHOCTH' COCTaBJI5IIOT 2 KTlcM. 2 ,
a nJIOTHbIX - 3 KTjCM 2 .
B rrpe)],eJI ax rrJIOIIJ:a)],H p acrrpocTp aHeHH5I BO)],HOJIe)],Hl1KOBbIX OT JIO)Ke-
HHH ypoBeHb rpYHToBbIX BO)], 3aJIeraeT Ha r JIy6HHax OT 0,5 )],0 20 M. BO)],bI
rrpeHMyr.u:ecTBe H HO rH)],poKa p 60Ha THO- KaJIbUl1eBble, C31 a 60MI1He p aJI H30Ba H-
Hble, B BOCTOtJ:HOH tJ:aCTH paHoHa xapaKTep113YIOTCH He60JIbllll1MH HanOpaMl1
()],olOM).
B onHCbIBaeMOM paHOHe lllHpOKO paSBl1TbI npoueCCbI sa60JIaQHBaHl1H.
Ha OT)],eJIbHbIX cJIa60 3aKpenJIeHHbIX paCTHTeJIbHOCTbIO Y'laCTKaX Ha6JIIO-
)],aeTC5I pa3BeBaHl1e neCKOB.


PaHOH pa3BHTHSI JIt;CCOBH,IJ,HbIX 06pa30BaHHH (prQmV)
JIeccOBH)],Hble 06pa30BaHH5I pa3Bl1TbI Ha BOCTOKe BeJIOpYCCHH, B npe-
)],eJIax OplllaHCKO-MorHJIeBCKOro n31aTO, a TaK*e Ha He60JIblllHX yqaCTKaX
HOBorpY)],CKOH 11 MHHCKOH B03BbIllleHHOCTeH.
JIeccOBH)],HbIe nopo)],bI 3)],eCb npe)],CTaBJIeHbI npel1Myr.u:eCTBeHHO JIer-
Kl1Ml1 cyneC5IMl1 60JIee nbIJIeBaTbIMl1, qeM COOTBeTCTBYIOr.u:He nopO)],bI
YKpaHHbI (JIOBbIrHH, 1961). I1x MOIIJ:HOCTb KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 0,5-3 )],0
7-10 M.
B JIeCCOBI1)],HbIX cynec5Ix (pe*e cyr31l1HKax) no cpe)],HHM )],aHHbIM rpa-
HYJIOMeTpH4ecKHx aHaJII130B (75 aHa311130B) npe06JIa,n,aIOT nbIJIeBaTble
<ppaKIJ:HH (72,4 %), neCqaHble co)],ep*aTcH B KOJIHqeCTBe 18,6 %, fJlHHH-
CTbre - 9 %. ,lJ,JI5I JIeCCOBl1)],HbIX nopo)], xapaKTepHo HaJIHql1e 60JIbillOrO
KOJIHqeCTBa Kap60HaToB B BH)],e 3epeH B pa3HbIx rpaHYJIOMeTpl1QeCKHX
<pp aK U l1 51X H TOHKOpaCCe5lHHOrO )],HcnepcHoro Ber.u:eCTBa «0,001 MM.).




CEBEPHA5! OKPAHHA YKPAHHOKOrO KPHCTAJIJIW-I. MACCHBA


36



MrmepaJIbHblH COCTaB fJIHHHCTblX <ppaKu,HH JIeCCOBH)!,HbIX nopo}], xaPaK-
TepeH HaJIH'IH€M rH}],pOCJIIO)!" B SHa'IHTeJIbHOM KOJIH'IeCTBe CO}J,ep)Kil:TC5I
MOHTMOpHJIJIOHHT H B MeHbllieH Mepe HOHTpOHHT, aJIJIO<paH. nOMHMO OCHOB-
Horo rJIHHHCTOro MilHepaJIa, HMeIOTCH npHMeCH KBapu,a, nOJIeBOrO llinaTa,
l\IHKpOKJIHHa !1 nJIar!10KJIaSOB. BO}],Hble BbITH)KKH HS 3THX nopo)!,
OTHOC5ITC5I K r}J,HpOKap60HaTHO-KaJIbu,HeBOMY THny co CJIa60H a 6 JJJ:e i'f
MHHepaJIHSaIJ;HeH.
f1oKpoBHble JIeCCoBH}],Hble nop0)!,bI xapaKTepHSYIOTC5I KaK BbICOKO-
nOpHCTble PbIXJIbIe, C YCTOH'IHBbIMH CTpYKTypHbIMH CB5IS5IMH B CYXOM
COCT05lHHH. f1pH 3aMa'IHBaHHH HeKOTopbIe HX pasHocTH MorYT }],aTb noca}J,KY
no}J, }J,aB,lIeHHeM. ECTecTBeHHa5I nOp!1CTOCTb HX HSMeHHeTC5I aT 28,9 )!,o
53,3%. 11x 06'beMHbIH Bec KOJIe6JIeTC5I aT 1,50 }J,O 2,12 2/C/>1. 3 , Y}J,eJIbHbIH
Bec - aT 2,65 }J,O 2,68 2jCM,3. ECTecTBeHHa51 BJIa)KHOCTb JIeCCOB!1}J,HbIX nopo}J,
HSMeH5IeTC5I aT 6,2 po 24,6%, B cpe}],HeM paBHa 15,5%. f1JIaCTH'IHOCTb HX
HeBblCOKa, W p B cpepHeM paBHa 4,5, Wi - 24,9 H W p - 20,4 %. 3TH
nopO}J,bl OKa3bIBaIOT OTHOCHTeJIbHO 60JIblliOe conpOTHB,neHHe cpBHry. K03tP-
tPHIJ.HeHT C}J,BHra B cpe}J,HeM COCTaBJI51eT 0,696, tg cp - 0,632, BeJIH'IHHa
cu,enJIeHH5I - 0,193 KrtCM. 2 . f10 CTeneHH C)KHMaeMOCTH JIeCCOBble nop0)J,bI
HeO)J,HopO)J,Hbl, 'ITa nOJIHOCTbIO SaB!1CHT aT nJIOTHOCTH ilX CJIO)KeH!1H. K03$-
tPHIJ.HeHT KOMnpeCCHH (p=0,5-2 KrtCM. 2 ) B cpe)J,HeM paBeH 0,016, T. e. 3TH
nOpO,IJ,bl OTHOC5ITC5I K cpe}],HeC)KHMaeMbIM. B TOJII.U,e JIeCCOBH}J,HbIX OTJIO)Ke-
H!1H Ha6JIIO,IJ,aIOTCH rOp!130HTbl norpe6eHHblX nOl.lB.
YpOBeHb rpYHTOBblX BO,IJ, B npe}J,eJIax pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I JIeCCOBH}J,HbIX
06pa30BaHHH nO'ITH nOBceMeCTHO 3aJIeraeT Ha rJIy6HHax CBblllle 10 M..
Hepe}J,KO 3TH BO}J,bl HarropHble.
C JIeCCOBH}J,HbIMH OTJIO)KeHH5IMH Ha TeppHTopHH BeJIOPYCCHH CB5IsaHbI
npOCa,IJ,O'IHble 51BJIeHH5I,
 TaK)Ke oBparo06paSOBaTeJIbHbIe npou:eCCbI. f1po-
ca)J,O'IHbIe 51BJIeHli51 Ha6J1IO,IJ,aIOTC5I B BH,IJ,e He60JIblliHX oKpyrJIbIX nOHH)Ke-
HHH fJIy6HHOH 1-2 M. H }J,HaMeTpoM 300-500 M.. Ho B u,eJIOM Ha Bcell
paccMaTpHBaeMoH TeppHTopHH npoca)J,O'IHOCTb nopo}J, BbIpa)KeHa cJIa60 no
cpaBHeHHIO C COOTBeTCTBYIOJJJ:HMH nopo)J,aM!1 cpepHei'I ASHH H YKpaHHbI.
CJIa6a51 CTeneHb npoca)J,O'IHOCTH TaKHX He)J,oynJIOTHeHHblx JIeCCoBH)J,HbIX
cyneceH, ITa MHeHHIO H. 11. J10BblrHHa (1961), CB5I3aHa co 3Ha'II-ITeJIbHbIM
cO)J,ep)KaHHeM B COCTaBe r JIHHHCTblX tPpaKu,HH BblCOKoaKTHBHblX M!1HepaJIOB
rpynnbI MOHTMOpHJIJIOHHTa, cnoc06cTBYIOI.U,HX Ha6yxaHHIO nopo}J, npl1 3aMa-
'IHBaHHH. BOJIblliOe BJIH5IHHe Ha npoca}J,O'IHOCTb OKa3bIBaeT eCTeCTBeHHa5I
BJIa)KHOCTb H npHpo)J,Hoe COCTOHHHe 3THX nopop.
J],JI5I paccMaTpHBaeMoro paHoHa He06xopHMO Y'IHTbIBaTb BOSMO)KHOCTb
OnOJI3aHH5I CTeHOK Bblpa60ToK !1 HepaBHoMepHble oca)J,KH JIeCCOBHPHbIX
06pa30BaHHH B OCHOBaHH!1 pa3JIH'IHbIX coopY)KeHHH npH ,IJ,OnOJIHHTeJIbHOM
YBJIa)KHeHHH nopop, SaJIeraIOJJJ:HX BbIllie ypOBH5I rpYHToBbIX BO}J,.
11H)KeHepHO-reOJIOrH'IeCKHe YCJIOBH5I Bcero pai'IoHa B u:eJIOM 5IBJI5IIOTC5I
OTHOCHTeJIbHO 6JIarOnpH5ITHbIMH. .J1eccoBH)J,HbIe nopopbI B rrpe,lIeJIax BeJIo-
PYCCHH, KaK nOKa3aJI OIlblT cTpOHTeJIbCTBa, 51BJI5IIOTC5I pOCTaTO'IHO Halle)K-
HblM OCHOBaHHeM npH npa BHJIbHOH nJIaHHpOBKe H BbIITOJIHeHH!1 BOp03aI.U,HT-
HbIX MepOnpH5ITHH.


PaHOH npeHMymecTBeHHoro pa3BHTJBI neC'laHblX nopo}J, reoJloro-
reHeTH'leCKOrO KOMnJleKCa aJlJlJOBHaJlbHbIX OT JlOJKeHHH nOHMeHHblx
" HaJl,nOHMeHHblx Teppac peK (a1Qr\r, a1Qm)


P aMaH OXBaTbIBaeT IlJIOI.U,apH p acnpocTpaHeHH5I aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIO-
)KeHHll peK HeMaHa, J],Henpa, BepeSHHbI, BHJIHH, f1TH'IH H HX MHOrO'IHC-
JIeHHbIX npliTOKOB.
AJIJIIOBMaJIbHble OTJIO)KeHl151 no JIl1TOJIOrH'IeCKOMY COCTaBY 06'be}J,H-
H5IIOTC5I B HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOm'IecKYIO rpynny neCqaHblX nopo,lI (MeJIKO-,
24 3aR. 04368




370


I1H)KBHBPH 0- rEOJI 0 rl1'IECKMI XAP AKTEPHCTHKA


cpe.n:He- H KpynH03epHHCTbie neCKH, XOpOUIO OKaTaHHble H XOpOUIO OTCOp-
THpOBaHHble, Ha nOHMaX Hepe)],KO 3aHJIeHHble, rrblJIeBaTble H rJIHHHCTble,
Ha Ha.n:nOHMeHHbIX TeppaCax C BKJIIO'leHHeM e.n:HHH'lHblX 3epeH HJIH
nOCJIOHHblX CKOnJIeHHH rp aBH5I, r aJIbKH H .n:a)Ke MeJIKHX BaJIYHOB). DOBce-
MeCTHO B TOJIllI.e aJIJIIOBH5I Ha6JIIO)],aIOTC5I MaJIOMOlll.Hble JIHH3bI H npo-
CJIOHKH rYMYCHpOBaHHblX H 3aHJIeHHblX cyneceH, cyrJIHHKOB H ynJIOTHeH-
HblX TOP<POB. MOlll.HOCTb aJIJIIOBHaJIbHblX OTJIO)KeHHH He npeBblUIaeT 7 M,
HO Ha OT)],eJIbHblX Y'laCTKaX .n:OJIHH KpynHoCTb peK MO)KeT .n:OCTHraTb
15-20 M.
AJIJIIOBHaJIbHbre neCKH - KBapILeBble C rrpHMecbIO )],0 12 % nOJIeBblX
IllnaTOB H OKOJIO 1 % TeMHou,BeTHbIX MHHepaJIOB. DecKH HMeIOT OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO BblCOKYIO nopHCToCTb (B PbIXJIOM COCT05lHHH 38-41 %, B ynJIOT-
HeHHOM -)],0 34 %) . YroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca B B03.n:YIllHO-CYXOM
COCT05lHHH B cpe)],HeM paBeH 33-35° H no)], BO)],OH KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 25 )],0 33°.
YroJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHH5I .n:OCTHraeT 32°. KO.3<p<pHu,HeHT <pHJIbTpau,HH
neCKOB KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 0,1 )],0 10-15 M/CYTTW.
fpYHToBbIe BO)],bI B npe)],eJIax nOHM BCKpbIBaIOTC5I Ha rJIy6HHe OT 0,5
)],0 5-10 M B npe)],eJIax Ha)],noHMeHHbIx Teppac. BO)],bI 06bI'lHO rH)],poKap-
60HaTHO-KaJIbu,HeBble, C 06ll1.eH CJIa60H MHHep aJIH3au,HeH ()],o 200 Me/A)_
Ha nOHMax HHor)],a OTMe'laeTC5I arpeccHBHoCTb BO)]" 06YCJIOBJIeHHa51 60JIb-
IllHM co)],ep)KaHHeM cB060)],HOH yr JIeKHCJIOTbI.
B paHoHe IllHpOKO pa3BHTbI OrrOJI3HeBbIe rrpou,eccbI (B )],OJIHHe
p. LI.Henpa), rrO)],MbIBbl 6eperoB, a TaK)Ke npou,eccbl 60JIOT006pa30BaHH5I.
DeCqaHbIe aJIJIIOBHaJIbHble OTJIO)KeHH5I nepBblx Ha)],noHMeHHbIx Teppac
B OCHOBHOM 51BJI5IIOTC5I YCTOH'lHBbIMH. BeCbMa Hey)],oBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHble
HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOrH'leCKHe YCJIOBH5I Ha6JIIO)],aIOTC5I B npe)],eJIax nOHM, )],JI5I
KOTOpbIX xapaKTepHa 60JIbIlla51 Heo)],Hopo)],HOCTb JIHTOJIOrHqeCKOrO COCTaBa,
HaJIH'lHe npOCJIOeB H JIHH3 CTapH'lHbIX nopo)]" cJIa6a51 HX ynJIOTHeHHoCTb
H 6JIH3KOe 3aJIeraHHe OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJIH ypOBH5I rpYHToBblX BO)],.
LI.onycKaeMa51 HarpY3Ka Ha TaKHe rpYHTbl He npeBblIllaeT 1-1,5 KT/CM 2 .
DpH .3TOM Bbl3bIBaeT onaceHHe HepaBHOMepHa51 oca)],Ka OCHOBaHH5I.


PaUOH npeuMy
ecTBeHHoro pa3BUTUSI TOP«JISlHO-UJIUCTbIX nopo)J, reOJIoro-
reHeTU'IeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa o3epHO-6oJIOTHbIX OTJIO}KeHUU (ljhQIII-IV)


03epHO-60JIOTHbIe OTJIO)KeHH5I pa3BHTbI B )],OJIHHaX peK, a TaK)Ke Ha
OT)],eJIbHbIX rrOHH}KeHHbIX y'laCTKaX Bo)],opa3)],eJIbHbIX npOCTpaHCTB. OHH
06'be)],HH5IIOTC5I B HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOm'leCKYIO rpynny TOP<p5IHblX nopo)],
(TOP<P, TOp<p 3eMJIHCTblH C npOCJIOHKaMH HJIa), a TaK)Ke HMeIOllI.YIO He3Ha-
'lHTeJIbHOe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOm'leCKYIO rpynrry rreC'laHblX
nopo)], co CB5I3HbIMH (3aHJIeHHble, rYMYCHpOBaHHble H CHJIbHOHaCbIllI.eHHble
OpraHH'leCKHMH npHMeC5IMH TOHK03epHHCTbIe neCKH, cynecH H cyrJIHHKH).
I1x MOlll.HOCTb KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 0,5 )],0 5 M, B pe)J,KHx CJIyqa5lX rrpeBbIIllaeT
6 M. HaH60JIee KpynHbIe yqaCTKH p a3BHTH5I 03epHO-60JIOTHbIX OT JIO)KeHHi'I
Ha6JIIO)],aIOTC5I y HCTOKOB peK Bepe3HHbI H HeM aHa. Top<pa TpaB5IHbIe,
MXoBO-TpaB5IHbIe, MXoBo-)],peBecHble, TpOCTHHKoBble, B OCHOBHOM XOpOIllO
pa3JIO)KHBIllHeC5I, C npOCJIOHKaMH H JIHH3aMH TOHKHX neCKOB H cyrrecei'l,
B5I3KHe, B HH)KHeH 'laCTH TOJIllI.H Hepe)],Ko ynJIOTHeHHble. Bo)],onpoHHu,ae-
MOCTb TOp<pa 3aBHCHT OT CTeneHH pa3JIO)KeHH5I. DpH CJIa60H CTeneHH pa3-
JIO}KeHH5I KO.3<p<PHu,HeHT <pHJIbTpau,HH MO)KeT )],OCTHraTb 2-3 M/CYTKU,
B TOp<pax co CTeneHbIO pa3JIO)KeHH5I 60JIee 50%, KO.3<p<pHu,HeHT <pHJIbTpa-
ILHH He rrpeBbrIllaeT 0,5 M/CYTKU.
rYMYCHpoBaHHble neCKH, cynecH H cyrJIHHKH CHJIbHO HaCbllll.eHbl opra-
HHqeCKHMH npHMeC5IMH. DOTepH npH npOKaJIHBaHHH COCTaBJI5IIOT 6-28%.
DpHCYTcTBHe OpraHHqeCKHX Belll.eCTB rrOBbIUIaeT BJIarOeMKOCTb 9THX rropo;r.




CEBEPHA5! O!\PC\I1HA Y!\PAHHC!\OrO !\PHCTAJIJIH'l. MACCHBA


371


H HX IIJiaCTH'IHOCTb. '4HCJIO IIJIaCTH'IHOCTH r JIHHHCTblX rropo)]. KOJIe6JIeTCH
OT 18 )].0 32%.
03epHO-60JIOTHble OTJIO)KeHHH - 3TO CHJIbHOC)KHMaeMble rrop0)].hl, 06JIa-
)].aIOIlI.He CJIa60H HecYIlI.eH crroc06HoCTbIO. J],orrycKaeMaH HarpY3Ka Ha rrec-
'IaHble rrop0)].bI co CBH3HbIMH COCTaBJIHeT 0,5-1,0 KTjCM 2 , a )].JIH TOPtPa
He rrpeBbIIllaeT 0,5 KTjCM 2 .
YpoBeHb rpYHToBblX BO)]. B rrpe)].eJIax 60JIOTHblX MaCCHBOB 3aJIeraeT
Ha rJIy6HHax MeHee 1 M. BO)].bl - rH)].poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbUHeBble, cJIa60-
MHHepaJIH30BaHHble, B OT)].eJIbHbIX CJIY'IaHX arpeccHBHble B OTHOIlleHHH
6eToHa.
I1H)KeHepHO-reOJIOrH'IeCKHe YCJIOBHH paccMaTpHBaeMoro parroHa xapaK-
TepH3YIOTCH KaK BeCbMa Hey)].oBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHble.


OO/laCmb n/lOCKOBO/lH.UCmozo pe/lbeifJa B npeoe/lax n/lo
adu
pacnpocmpaH.eH.Ufl om/lo:JfCeH.uii OH.enpOBCK.OZO O/leOeHeH.Ufl
06JIacTb rrpe)].cTaBJIeHa )].BYMH OT)].eJIbHbIMH cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60JIb-
IllHMH Y'IaCTKaMH B IOro-3arra)].HoH H BOCTO'IHOH 'IaCTHX BeJIOpyccHH.
C ceBep3 06JIacTb OrpaHH'IrfBaeTCH rpaHHuen MOCKOBCKoro OJIe)].eHeHHH
H C IOra - 06JIaCTbIO IlOJIeCCKOfl HIf3HHbI.
BOCTO'IHbIH Y'IaCTOK 06JIaCTH rrpoCTHpaeTcH OT r. JII06aHH )].0 rpaHHubI
pecrry6JIHKH. 3)].ecb HMeeT MeCTO CJIa60BCXOJIMJIeHHaH MopeHHaH paBHHHa,
CJIO)KeHHaH JIe)].HHKOBbIMH H OT'IaCTH BO)].HOJIe)].HHKOBbIMH OTJIO)KeHHHMH
)].HerrpoBcKoro OJIe)].eHeHHH. A6coJIIOTHble OTMeTKH rroBepxHocTH KOJIe6JIIOTCH
OT 145 )].0 213 M.
K BOCTOKY OT J],Herrpa peJIbetP HMeeT BH)]. HeBblCOKoro rrJIaTO, rrOHH-
)KaIOIlI.erOCH B IO)KHOM H3rrpaBJIeHHH, rroBepxHocTb KOToporo paC'IJIeHeHa
rJIy60KHMH ()].o 40 M) )].OJIHHaMH peK. 3arra)].Hee J],Herrpa rrpoCTHpaeTcH
lI.eHTp3JIbHO-Bepe3HHcK3H HIf3HHa, YCJIO)KHeHHaH rpyrrrraMH XOJIMOB rroJIY-
pa3pYIlleHHblx MopeHHblx rpH)]. H 06pa30BaHHHMH 30JIOBOrO rrpOHCXO)K)].eHHH.
HaH60JIee KpyrrHblMH peKaMIf )].aHHoH TeppHTOpHH HBJIHIOTCH J],Herrp,
CO)K C rrpHToKaMH Bece)].bIO, Bepe3HHoH, J],PYTbIO H f1TH'IbIO. J],O,JIHHbI 3THX
peK XOpOIllO Bhlpa)KeHbI B peJIbetPe. B )].OJIHHaX J],Herrpa, CO)Ka H Bepe3HHbl
pa3BHTbl TPH TeppaCbl: rrOHMeHHaH H He MeHee )].BYX Ha)].rrOHMeHHbIX,
B )].OJIHHe f1TH'IH, J],PYTH, Bece)].H - JIHIllb rroHMa H HerrOBceMeCTHO o)].Ha
Ha)].rrOHMeHHaH Teppaca. f10HMbl peK J],Herrpa, CO)Ka H Bepe3HHbI aKKYMY-
JIHTHBHble, B03BblIllaIOTCH Ha 1-3 M Ha)]. ype30M BO)].bl B peKax. lllHpHHa
HX )].ocTHraeT2-3 KM.. f1epBaH Ha)].rroHMeHHaH Teppaca TaK)Ke aKKYMYJIH-
THBHaH, HMeeT BblCOTY OKOJIO 5-7 M.. BTOpaH Ha)].rroHMeHH<l51 Teppaca BbICO-
KaH (15-20 M) 3p03HoHHo-aKKYMYJIHTHBHaH, C MaJIOH MOIlI.HOCTbIO aJIJIIO-
BHH (1-2 M, pe)Ke 4-8 M).
3arra)].HblH Y'IaCTOK 06JIaCTH pacrrOJIO)KeH B OCHOBHOM B rrpe)].eJIax
IlpH6yrcKoH paBHHHbl, BOJIHHCTOpaBHHHHaH rroBepxHocTb KOTOpOH 3)].eCb
rrpHrro)].HHTa Ha 150-200 M Ha)]. ypoBHeM MOpH. Ha OT)].eJIbHbIX Y'IaCTKaX
rrOHBJIHIOTCH MopeHHble XOJIMbI H rpH)].bI. HaH60JIee KpyrrHoH HBJIHeTCH
BeJIOBe)KCKaH rpH)].a. XapaKTepHoH oc06eHHOCTbIO paHoHa HBJIHeTCH ero
paC'I.rreHeHHe MHOrO'-IHc.rreHHbIMH, HO HerJIy60KHMH CKB03HblMH )].OJIHHaMH.
HaH60JIee KpyrrHoH peKOH HBJIHeTCH rrOrpaHH'IHaH peKa 3arr. Byr.
B OCHOBaHHH 'IeTBepTH'IHOH TOJIIlI.H 06JIaCTH 3aJIeraIOT pa3Ho06pa3Hwe
rro rpaHYJIOMeTpH'IeCKoMY cocTaBY rreCKH BpeMeHH HaCTyrraHHH 6epe3HH-
CKoro JIe)].HHKa. OHH HMeIOT JIOKaJIbHOe pacrrpocTpaHeHHe, MOIlI.HOCTb HX He
rrpeBbIIllaeT 5 M. MopeHHble rrJIOTHble rpy6ble BaJIYHHble cyrrecH H cyrJIHHKH
6epe3HHcKoro JIe)].HHKa HMeIOT 3)].eCb rrOBceMeCTHoe pacrrpoCTpaHeHHe H
xapaKTpH3YIOTCH MOIlI.HOCTHMH rropH)].Ka 0,5-40 M.
MopeHHble 06pa30BaHHH 6epe3HHcKoro H )].HerrpoBcKoro OJIe)].eHeHHH
p a3)].eJIeHbI )].OBOJIbHO MOIlI.HOlr (4-20 M) rreC'IaHOH TOJIIlI.eH BO)].HOJIe)].HH-
<)A*




372


IIH)KBHBPHO-rEOJIOrHtIECKASI XAPAKTEPHCTHKA


KOBoro npOIICXO)K,lJ,eHII5I. T1eCKII MeJIKO-, Cpe,lJ,He- II KpynH03epHIICTbIe,
Hepe,lJ,KO nbIJIeBaTbIe II r JIIIHIICTbIe C npocJIoIlKaMII TOHKIIX CJIOIICTbIX cyr JIIIH-
KOB II r JIIIH, a TaK)Ke C JIIIH3aMII ToptPa II IIJIa.
LI.HenpOBCKa5I MopeHa IIMeeT nO'-ITII nOBceMeCTHoe pacnpOCTpaHeHIIe
II pa3MbITa JIIIllib B ,lJ,OJIIIHaX KpynHbIx peK. Ha 3Ha'-IIITeJIbHbIX npOCTpaH-
CTBax MopeHa nepeKpbIBaeTC5I TOJIr.u:eH nOKpOBHbIX BO,lJ,HO-JIe,lJ,HIIKOBbIX OT JIO-
meHIIH, npe06JIa,lJ,aIOr.u:IIe MOr.u:HOCTII KOTOpbIX COCTaBJI5IIOT 2-8 M.
B npe,lJ,eJIax 06JIaCTII pacnpocTpaHeHw 60JIOT006pa30BaTeJIbHWe II
oBparo06pa30BaTeJIbHbIe npOueccbJ, a B 6acceHHe peKII Coma - Ka pCToBbIe
5IBJleHII5I B TOJIr.u:e MeJIOBbIX 06pa30BaHIIH.
T10 YCJIOBII5IM pacnpocTpaHeHII5I reOJIOrO-reHeTII'-IeCKIIX KOMnJIeKCOB
nopo,lJ, B 06JIaCTII BbI,lJ,eJI5IIOTC5I TPII IIHmeHepHO-reOJIOrII'-IeCKIIX paHoHa,
B npe,lJ,eJIax KOTOpbIX lliIIpOKIIM pacnpocTpaHeHIIeM nOJIb3yeTC5I nO,lJ,tPopMa-
UlI

HenpoBcKoro OJIe,lJ,eHeHII5I.


PaUOH npeuMYI.IJ.ecTBeHHoro pa3BuTuSI cyneC'laHo-cyrJIUHUCTbIX nopoA
C BKJIIO'leHUeM 06JIOMO'lHbIX reOJIOrO-reHeTU'leCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa OCHOBHOU
MopeHbI BpeMeHu AHenpoBcKoro OJIeAeHeHUSI (gIQndn)


3TOT paHOH OXBaTbIBaeT nO'-ITlI BCIO BOCTO'-IHYIO, a TaKme OT,lJ,eJIbHbIe
Y'-IaCTKII 3ana,lJ,HOH '-IaCTII 06JIaCTII.
feOJIOrO-reHeTII'-IeCKIIH KOMnJIeKC OCHOBHOH MopeHbI nO COCTaBY CJIa-
raIOr.u:IIX ero nopo,lJ, 06'be,lJ,IIH5IeTC5I B lIHmeHepHO-reOJIOrII'-IeCKYIO rpynny
CB5I3HbIX nopo,I.J, C BKJIIO'-IeHlIeM 06JIOMO'-IHbIX, npe,lJ,CTaBJIeHHbIX CllJIbHO-
ynJIOTHeHHbIMII rpy6bIMII Kap60HaTHbIMlI BaJIYHHbIMlI cyneC5IMII II cyr JIIIH-
KaMlI C npOCJIOHKaMlI II JIIIH3aMII pa3H03epHIICTbIX neCKOB II rpaBIIHHO-
raJIe'-IHIIKOBOro MaTepIIaJIa, MOr.u:HOCTb TOJIr.u:II KOTOpbIX ,lJ,OCTIIraeT 10-20 M.
B cOCTaBe MopeHHbIx cyneceH II cyrJIlIHKOB CO,lJ,epmlITC5I OKOJIO
50-70 % neC'-IaHbIX '-IaCTIIU, 10-45 % nbIJIeBaTbIX II 5-25 % r JIIIHIICTbIX
'-IaCTlIU. ECTecTBeHHa5I BJIamHOCTb KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 9 ,lJ,0 13 %. LIIICJIO nJIa-
CTII'-IHOCTlI pe,lJ,KO npeBbIlliaeT 8 %. T10pIICTOCTb MopeHHbIx OTJIOmeHIIH
B pbIXJ10M COCT05IHlIlI KOJIe6JIeTC5I B npe,lJ,eJIax OT 49-54 % II B ynJIOTHeH-
HOM - OT 39-44 %. T10pO,lJ,bI 06JIa,lJ,aIOT BbICOKOH Hecyr.u:eH cnoc06HoCTbIO,
Cpe,lJ,He- II cJIa60CmIIMaeMbIe, C BbICOKIIM conpOTlIBJIeHIIeM C,lJ,BIIry (cp ,lJ,0 20°)
II MorYT CJIymlITb Ha,I.J,emHbIM eCTeCTBeHHbIM OCHOBaHIIeM pa3/'lII'-IHOrO pO,lJ,a
coopymeHlIH. LI.onycKaeMa5I HarpY3Ka Ha MopeHHbIe OTJIOmeHlI5I paBHa
3-3,5 Kr;CM 2 .
Y pOBeHb nepBoro OT nOBepxHocTII BO,lJ,OHOCHOro ropII30HTa nO'-ITI1
BCIO,lJ,y 3aJIeraeT Ha fJIy6lIHax CBbIllie 3-6 M. BO,lJ,bI rII,lJ,pOKap60HaTHo-
KaJIbUlIeBbIe, CJIa60MIIHepaJIII30BaHHbIe, B OCHOBHOM HearpeCCIIBHbIe, Ha
JIeB06epembe p. Coma 06JIa,n.aIOT He60JIbllIHMH (,lJ,0 10 M) MeCTHbIMM
HanopaMH.
LIeTBepTIILJHbIe OTJIOmeHlI5I, MOr.u:HOCTb KOTOpbIX B npe,lJ,eJIax paHoHa
KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 20 ,lJ,0 80 M, 3aJIeraIOT Ha pa3MbIToH nOBepxHocTII naJIeo-
reHOBbIX KBapueBo-r JIaYKoHIITOBbIX MeJIK03epHIIcTbIX neCKOB IIJIlI Heno-
Cpe,lJ,CTBeHHo Ha MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbJX nopo,lJ,ax BepXHero MeJIa.
MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIe nOpO,lJ,bI B BOCTO'-IHOH '-IaCTII 06JIaCTII BbIXO,lJ,5IT Ha
,lJ,HeBHYIO nOBepXHOCTb II '-IaCTO CJIymaT OCHOBaHlIeM 3,lJ,aHlIH, npOMbIlliJIeH-
HbIX II rpam,lJ,aHCKlIX coopymeHIIH, MOCTOBbIX nepeXO,lJ,OB, B CB5I3II C '-IeM
npe,lJ,CTaBJI5IeT IIHTepec 60JIee nO,lJ,p06HOe paCCMOTpeHlIe I1X IIHmeHepHO-
reOJIOrII'-IeCKIIX CBOHCTB.
OCHOBHbIM nopO,lJ,006pa3YIOr.u:lIM MIIHepaJIOM MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX no-
pO,lJ, 5IBJI5IeTC5I Kap60HaT KaJIbUlI5I. fJIlIHIICTbIe MIIHepaJIbI KOJIJIOII,lJ,HOH
tPpaKUlIII npe,lJ,CTaBJIeHbI rlI,lJ,pOCJIIO,lJ,OH II MOHTMOpIIJIJIOHlITOM. CO,lJ,epmaHlIe
r JIIIHIICTbIX '-IaCTlIU II3MeH5IeTC5I B npe,lJ,eJIax 44-84 %. T10pIICTOCTb Mep-




,CEBEPHA5! OI(PAHHA YI(PAHHCJ<OrO I(PHCTAJIJIH4. MACCHBA


373


reJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX nopo)], KO.'1e6JIeTC5I OT 43 )],0 53 %' P a3HOCTH «pa3)KH)!{eH-
Horo» MeJIa HMeIOT 60JIee pbIXJIOe CJIO)KeHHe (LI.3HJIHa, 1961, 1962).
B eCTeCTBeHHbIX YCJIOBH5IX MeJIOBbIe nopo)],bI xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I CKpbITO-
nJIaCTH4HbIM COCT05lHHeM, MepreJIH - CKpbITOrlJIaCTH4HbIM TBep)],bIM COCT05l-
HHeM. nOpO)],bI «pa3)!{H)KeHHoro» MeJIa OTJIWWIOTC5I CKpbITOnJIaCTH4HOH,
HHor)],a CKpbITOTeKY4eH KOHcHcTeHu,H5IMH.
MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIe nopO)],bI HeHapyweHHoH CTPYKTypbI no KOMnpec-
CHOHHbIM CBOHCTBaM xapaKTepH3YIOTC5I KaK CJIa60C)!{HMaeMbIe. ConpOTHB-
JIeHHe C)],BHry 3TH X nopo)], B
COKoe. YrOJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHH5I KOJIe6JIeTC5I
B npe)],eJIax 33-37°. B COCT05lHHH HapyweHHbIX eCTeCTBeHHbIX CTPYKTYP-
HbIX CB5I3eH 3TH nopO)],bI no CTeneHH C)!{HMaeMOCTH OTHOC5ITC5I K cpe)],He-
H CHJIbHOC)!{HMaeMbIM.
TOJIIlI,a MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX nopo)], paC4JIeHeHa cepHeH TpeIlI.HH ropH-
30HTaJIbHOrO H BepTHKaJIbHOrO HanpaBJIeHHH. K BepXHHM ropH30HTaM
06Ha)!{eHHOH TOJIIlI.H MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIX nopo)], ()],O rJIy6HHbI 7 M) npH'-
yp04eHbI KapcToBbIe nOJIOCTH, 3anOJIHeHHbIe neC4aHo-rJIHHHCTbIMH OTJIO)!{e-
HH5IMH. Ha nOBepxHocTH MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBOH TOJIIlI.H KapcToBbIe BOpOHKH
Bblpa)!{eHbl B Bl1)],e YrJIy6JIeHHH )],0 10 At B )],HaMeTpe H rJIy6HHoH )J,O
1-2,5 M. MeJIKHe KapcToBbIe nOJIOCTH BCKpblBaIOTC5I H Ha rJIy6HHe 5-10 M,
oc06eHHo B 30He HHTeHCHBHoro BO)J,006MeHa B6JIH3H pe4H
x )],OJIHH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, HH)!{eHepHO-reOJIOrH4eCKHe YCJIOBH5I paccMaTpHBae-
MOH TeppHTopHH cpaBHHTeJIbHO 6JIarOnpH5ITHbI C T04KH 3peHH5I nOBe)],eHH5I
nopo)], B nepHo)J, cTpOHTeJIbCTBa H 3KcnJIyaTau,HH pa3JIH4H
X BH)J,OB coopy-
)!(eHHH. 3aJIeraHHe C nOBepxHocTH HJIH Ha He60JIbWOH rJIy6HHe MopeHHbIx
cyneceH H cyr JIHHKOB, Ha HeKoTopbIX Y4aCTKax MepreJIbHO- MeJIOBbIX no po)]"
06eCne"IHBaeT BbICOKYIO YCTOH4HBOCTb coopy)!{eHHH. rIp aB)J,a, p a3HOCTH
«pa3)!{H)J\eHHoro» MeJIa npH BH6pau,HH MorYT nepeXO)],HTb B nJIblBYHHoe
COCT05lHHe.


PanOH npeUMYI.IJ.eCTBeHHOrO pa3BUTUSI neCqaHblX nopo,ll. reoJloro-
reHeTUqeCKOrO KOMnJleKCa BO)J,HOJle)J,HUKOBbiX OTJlO)!{eHU" BpeMeHU
oTcTynaHuSI )J,HenpoBcKoro OJle)J,eHeHHSI (fglsQndn)


PaHOH HMeeT pacnpOCTpaHeHHe B OCHOBHOM B 3ana)],HOH '!aCTH
06JlaCTH.
BO)],HOJIe)],HHKOBbIe OTJIO)!{eHH5I no HX JIHTOJIorH4eCKOMY COCTaBY B npe-
)],eJIax paHOHa 06'be)],HH5IIOTC5I B )],Be HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOrH4eCKHe rpynnbI:
a) neC4aHbIX (MeJIKO-, cpe)],He- H KpYIlH03epHHCTbIe neCKH C BKJII04eHHeM
rpaBH5I H raJIbKH) H 6) neC4aHbIX nopo)], co CB5I3HbIMH (pa3H03epHHcTbIe
neCKH, TOHKHe cynecH H cyrJIHHlm). npe06JIa)],aIOIlI.eH 5IBJI5IeTC5I neC4aHa51
HH)!{eHepHO-reOJIorH4eCKa51 rpynna nopo)],. MOIlI.HOCTb TOJIIlI.H BO)],HOJIe)],HH-
KOBbIX 06pa30BaHHH 04eHb HepaBHOMepHa51 H H3MeH5IeTC5I OT 2 )],0 20 M.
nOKpOBHbIe BO)],HOJIe)],HHKOB
e neCKH, npeHMYIlI.eCTBeHHo MeJIK03epHH-
CTbIe, pe)Ke cpe)],He3epHHcTbIe, OTHOCHTeJIbHO pbIXJIbIe, nopHcToCTb HX
B PbIXJIOM COCT05lHHH COCTaBJI5IT 36-57 %. YroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca
3THX neCKOB KOJIe6JIeTC5I B PbIXJIOM B03)],YWHO-CYXOM COCT05lHHH OT 30 )],0
32° H OT 37 )],0 46° - no)], BO)],OH. K03<P<PHu,HeHT <pHJIbTpau'HH H3MeH5IeTC5I
B npe)],eJIax 2-13 M/CYTKU. MO)],YJIb oca)],KH neCKOB npH HarpY3Ke 5 KT
KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 10)],0 80 MM/M, a MO)],YJIb KOMnpeccHH paBeH 0,003-
0,03 KT/CM 2 . CJIe)],oBaTeJIbHO, neCKH cJIa60- H cpe)],HeC)!{HMaeMbIe, conpo-
THBJIeHHe HX C)],BHraIOIlI.HM YCHJIH5IM )],OBOJIbHO BbICOKoe (yroJI BHYTpeHHero
TpeHH5I )],OCTHraeT 20-35°).
YpoBeHb nepBoro OT nOBepxHocTH BO)],OHOCHoro ropH30HTa 3aJIeraeT
Ha rJIy6HHax OT 0,2 )],0 15 M. BO)],bI rH)],poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbu,HeBble, no
OTHoweHHIO K 6eToHY B OTKpbITOM BO)J,oeMe HMeIOT 3HatIHTeJIbHYIO 06IlI.e-




374


HH)KBHEJ'HO- rEOnOrWlECI<A51 XAP AI<TEPHCTHI<A


KHCJIOTHYIO H BbIII1.eJIa'IHBaIOII1.YIO arpeCCHBHOCTb, B rpYHTe - HearpeC-
CHBHbI.
BJIarO;:J:apH IIIHPOKOMY pa3BHTHIO YCTOH'IHBbIX tPJIIOBHOrJIHliHaJIbHbIX
IJeCtJaHbIX OTJIOmeHHH paHOH B lieJIOM xapaKTepHsyeTcH 6JIarOIJpHHTHbIMH
1-IH)KeHepHO-reOJIOrHqeCKHMH YCJIOBHHMH.


PaHoH npeHMYI.IJ.eCTBeHHOrO pa3BHTHSI neC'IaHblX nop0;:J: reoJIoro

reHeTH'IeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa aJIJIIOBHaJIbHblX OTJIO}KeHHH nOHMeHHblX
H Ha;:J:noHMeHHblX Teppac peK (aIQlvaIQm)


PaHOH OXBaTblBaeT yqaCTKH paSBHTHH aJIJIIOBHaJIbHblX OTJIOmeHHH peK
Ll.HeIJpa, Coma, BepeSHHbI, n THqH H HX IJpHTOKOB.
AJIJIIOBHaJIbHble OTJIO)KeHHH IJOHMeHHOH, IJepBOH H BTOpOH Ha;:J:IIOHMeH-
HbIX Teppac IJOBCeMeCTHO 06'be;:J:HHHIOTCH B HHmeHepHO-reOJIOrHtJeCKYIO
rpYIJIJY IJeCqaHbIX IJOpO;:J:, IJpe;:J:CTaBJIeHHYIO p aSJIHqHblMH IJO KPYIIHOCTH
IJeCKaMH, C IJpOCJIOHKaMH H JIHHSaMH rYMYCHpOBaHHblX H rJIHHHCTbIX,
a B TOJIII1.e IJOHMeHHoro aJIJIIOBHH saToptpOBaHHblX. YpOBeHb rpYHTOBbIX
BO;:J: B IIpe;:J:eJIax IIOHM HaXO;:J:HTCH Ha rJIy6HHe 0,5-4,5 M. nO;:J:3eMHble BO;:J:bI,
3aKJIIOqeHHbIe B ;:J:peBHHx aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHHHX, SaJIeraIOT Ha rny-
6HHe OT 2 ;:J:O 6 M.
BO;:J:bI aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX 06pa30BaHHH rH;:J:poKap6oHaTHO-KaJIbliUeBble,
CJIa60MHHepaJIHSOBaHHble, B OCHOBHOM HearpeccHBHble.
Ll.OIJycKaeMoe ;:J:aBJIeHHe Ha aJIJIIOBHaJIbHble rreCKH He IJpeBblIIIaeT
1,5 KrtCM 2 (Ha IJOHMax) H 2,5 KrtCM 2 (Ha Ha;:J:IJOHMeHHblx Teppacax).


06/laCmb pa8H.UH.T-lOlO pe/lbeifJa 8 npeoe/lax pacnpocmpaH.eH.UR
om/lo:»ceH.uii aH.enp08CKOlO O/leaeH.eH.Ufl (UO/leccKafl H.U3UH.a)
lOmHaH qaCTb TeppHTopHH BeJIOPYCCHH rrpe;:J:CTaBJIHeT C060H 06IIIHP-
HYIO HHSMeHHocTb, CJIOmeHHYIO BO;:J:HOJIe;:J:HHKOBbIMH, ;:J:peBHHMH o3epHO-
aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIMH H aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIMH OTJIO)KeHHHMH. BO;:J:HOJIe;:J:HHKOBbIe H
osepHO-aJIJIIO
HaJIbHble HHSMeHHble paBHHHbI CJIHBaIOTCH co BTOpbIMH Ha;:J:-
IIoHMeHHbIMH TeppacaMH peK 6acceHHa npHIJHTH H Ll.HeIIpa.
XapaKTepHOH oc06eHHocTbIO nOH 06JIaCTH HBJIHeTCH IIJIOCKHH, paB-
HHHHbIH peJIbetp, IJOHHmaIOII1.HHCH B CTOPOHY peK npHIJHTH H Ll.HeIJpa.
A6COJIIOTHble OTMeTKH IIoBepxHocTH KOJIe6JIIOTCH OT 140-150 B ceBepHoH
qaCTH ;:J:O 100-120 M Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe. Ha paBHHHHoH IIoBepxHocTH qaCTO
Ha6JIIO;:J:aIOTcH 30JIOBbIe BCXOJIMJIeHHH BbICOTOH ;:J:O 5, peme 10 M.
nJIOCKaH BblpoBHeHHaH IJOBepXHocTb 3TOH 06JIaCTH HMeeT CJIa6bIH
IJOBepXHocTHbIH CTOK, 'ITO 6JIarOIIpHHTcTByeT 06pasoBaHHIO 60JIOT H 3a6o-
JIOlleHHblX SeMeJIb. BOJIOTHble MaCCHBbI saHHMaIOT 06IIIHpHble IJpOCTpaH-
CTBa, COCTaBJIHIOII1.He B lieJIOM 30-60 % TeppuTOpHH nOJIeCCKOH HHSHHbI.
PaBHHHHbIH xapaKTep 06JIaCTH CMeHHeTCH BO MHorHX MeCTax IJOBbI-
IIIeHHbIMH yqaCTKaMH, CJIOmeHHbIMH coxpaHHBIIIHMHCH OT pasMblBa OTJIO-
meHHHMH JIe;:J:HHKoBOH aKKyMYJIHliHH - MopeHHbIMH H KOHeqHOMOpeHHbIMH
06pasoBaHHHMH. HaH60JIee BblCOKaH cpe;:J:H HHX M03blpcKaH BOSBblIIIeH-
HOCTb ;:J:OCTHraeT 206 M a6c. BbICOTbI.
Ll.OJIHHbI peK Ll.HeIJpa, npHIJHTH H HX MHOrOllHCJIeHHbIX IJpHTOKOB saHH-
MaIOT 06IIIHpHble IIpoCTpaHcTBa nOJIeCCKOH HH3HHbI, oc06eHHo ee BOCTO'I-
HOH qaCTH. B ;:J:OJIHHaX 3THX peK rrpOCJIe)KHBaeTCH B OCHOBHOM TPH Teppa-
COBbiX ypOBHH: rroHMeHHbIH, IIepBoH H BTOpOH Ha;:J:IIoHMeHHblx. ¥Ix IIIHpHHa
H CTeIJeHb BblpameHHocTH B peJIbetPe pasHoo6paSHbI.
nOHMeHHaH Teppaca p. Ll.HeIJpa B IJpe;:J:eJIax nOJIeCbH IJpOCTHpaeTcH
IIOJIOCOH, IIIHpHHa KOTOpOH IJpeBblIIIaeT 5 KM, BblCOTa TeppacbI Ha;:J: MemeH-
HbIM ypOBHeM BO;:J:bI COCTaBJIHeT OKOJIO 3-4 M. nOBepxHocTb ee HepoBHaH,
Hspe3aHa cTapOpe'IbHMH H CHJIbHO 3a60JIO'IeHa. LUHpHHa IIepBoH Ha;:J:IJOH-




CEBEPHA5I OI<PAHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTA.11JIW.I. MACCHBA


375


MeHHOH TeppaCbI )],OCTHraeT 10 KM H 6oJIee, pe)Ke 15-17 KM, BbICOTa Tep-
pacbl Ha)], Me)KeHHbIM ypoBHeM paBHa 4-6 M. B .:/TOll qaCTH )],OJIHHbl
p. lI.HeIJpa BTOpa5I Ha)],IJOHMeHHa5I Teppaca HMeeT llmpHHY OT 2 )],0 5-7 KM,
BbICOTa TeppacbI COCTaBJI5IeT 14-15 M. B IJpe)],eJIax nOJIeCb5I llmpHHa
PYCJIa p. lI.Herrpa paBHa 0,5-0,6 KM, rJIy6HHa peKH - B cpe)],HeM 1,5-2 M,
pe)Ke 3 M.
lI.OJIHHa p. npHIJ5ITII - IJpaBOrO IJpHTOKa lI.HeIJpa - OTJIH'laeTC5I CBOHM
OTHOCHTe.nbHO llJIOCKHM xapaKTepoM peJIbe<pa, paCIJJIblB'laTbIMH O'lepTa-
HH5IMII llmpoKHx Teppac, KOTopbIe 3aHHMalOT B lleHTpaJIbHOH 'laCTH nOJIec-
CKO}I HH3MeHHOCTH OT 10 )],0 75 KM. PYCJIO peKH HMeeT llmpHHY OT 20-50
(B paHoHe r. nHHcKa) )];0 150-200 M (B HH30Bbe peKH). f.ny6HHa peKli
KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 0,5 )],0 3,5 M, a B OT)],eJIbHbIX IJepeyrJIy6JIeHH5IX )],0 5-8 M.
PeKa npHIJ5ITb, oc06eHHO B BepXOBb5IX, xapaKTepH3yeTC5I BeCbMa MaJIbIMH
YKJIOHaMH.
B )],OJIHHe p. npHIJ5ITH H ee KpYIJHeHllmX IJpHTOKOB IJpOCJIe)KHBaIOTC5I
IJOHMeHHa5I H IJepBa5I Ha)],rroHMeHHa5I aKKYMYJI5ITHBHbIe, a TaK)Ke BTOpa5I
Ha)],IJOHMeHHa5I 3p03HoHHo-aKKYMYJI5ITHBHa5I TeppaCbI. IIIHpoKHe IJJIOCKHe
paCIJJIblB'laTbIe TeppacbI 06pa3YlOT B peJIbe<pe nOJIeCb5I 0611mpHbIe, 'laCTO
3a60JIo'leHHbIe HH3IIHbI. BbIcoTa rroHMbI IJOCTeIJeHHO HapacTaeT BHH3 IJO
)],OJIIIHe OT 0,2 )],0 4 M, IJepBOH Ha)],IJOHMeHHoH TeppacbI OT 1-3 )],0 4-6 M
il BTOpOH: Ha)],IJOH:MeHHOH: TeppaCbI He IJpeBbIlliaeT 9-14 M Ha)], Me)KeHHbIM
ypoBHeM BO)],bI B peKe.
nOHMeHHa5I Teppaca H3MeH5IeTC5I IJO llmpHHe OT 1-6 KM B BepxoBbe
)];0 10-30 KM B cpe)J.HeM H HH)KHeM Te'leHH5IX. IIIHpHHa IJepBOH: Ha,lI,IJOH-
MeHHOH Teppacw KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 1--2 )],0 12--50 KM, a BTOpOH B Cpe,lI,HeH
qaCTII )],OJIIIHbI )],OCTHraeT 50 KM, B HII)KHeH -- MeHee 10 KM.
nOJIeCCKa5I HlI3HHa xapaKTepH3yeTC5I He60JIbIlllIMH MOIII.HOCT5IMH 'leT-
BepTH'lHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH, paBHbIMH 20--80 M, 3a HCKJIIO'leHHeM paHoHa
M03bIpCKOH rp5I)],bI, r)],e MOIII.HOCTb B03paCTaeT )],0 100 M H 60JIee. B TOJIIII.e
'leTBepTII'lHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH IJpOCJIe)KIIBaIOTC5I B OCHOBHOM )],Ba ropH30HTa
MopeHbI, pa3)],eJIeHHbIX MOIII.HbIMH TOJIIII.aMH BO)],HO-JIe)],HHKOBbIX 06pa30Ba-
HHH. OHII 3aJIeralOT Ha pa3MbITOH IJOBepXHocTII HeoreHOBblX H rraJIeOreHO-
BbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH. Ha OT)],eJIbHbIX Y'laCTKaX 'leTBepTH'lHbIe OTJIO)KeHH5I IJO,lI,-
CTlIJIalOTC5I MepreJIbHO-MeJIOBbIMH IJOpo)],aMH BepXHero MeJia. B OCHOBaHHH
'leTBepTII'lHOH TOJIIII.H 3aJIeralOT HH)KHe'leTBepTH'lHbIe BO)],HOJIe,lI,HHKOBbIe
06pa30BaHII5I, IJpe)],CTaBJIeHHbIe cpe)],He- H KpYIJH03epHHCTbIMlI IJeCKaMH
C JIlIH3aMH cYIJeceH: H cyrJIHHKOB. MOIII.HOCTb HK KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 1 )],0 5 M.
I3epe3HHCKa5I MopeHa CIIJIbHO pa3MbITa H HMeeT OCTpOBHoe pacIJpo-
cTpaHeHHe. npe)],cTaBJIeHa OHa rpy6bIMH CYIJeC5IMH, cyrJIIIHKaMH H rJIH-
HaMH, rrJIOTHbIMII, C IJpOC.n05IMH H .nHH3aMH pa3H03epHHCToro IJeCKa, C rpa-
BHeM H raJIbKOH. MOIII.HOCTb TOJIIII.1I MopeHHbIX 06pa30BaHHH COCTaBJI5IeT
5--10 M. 3aJIeralOT OHH Ha rJIy6lIHax OT 30 )],0 60 M.
rJIy6HHa 3aJIeraHII5I KpOBJIII 6epe3HHcKo-)J.HeIJpOBCKHX Me)KMOpeHHbIx
OTJIO)KeHHH, IJOBCeMeCTHO pacrrpocTpaHeHHbIx B IJpe)],eJIax nOJIeCb5I, H3Me-
H5IeTC5I OT 1 )],0 40 M. .:ho p a3H03epHHcTbIe IJeCKH, IJpeHMYIII.eCTBeHHo
Me/'IKO- H cpe)],He3epHHcTbIe, MOIII.HOCTb KOTOpbIX IJpeBbIIllaeT 10--30 M.
B TOJIIII.e Me)KMOpeHHblx 06pa30BaHHH BCTpe'laIOTC5I Me)KJIe,lI,HHKOBble
o3epHO-aJIJIIOBlIaJIbHbIe MeJIK03epHHcTbIe IJeCKH, TOHKlIe cYIJeCH, cyr JIHHKH,
rJIIIHbI C IJpOCJI05IMII TOp<pa H rYMycHpoBaHHbIx IJeCKOB, C )],peBecHbIMH
OCTaTKaMH. MOIII.HOCTb Me)KJIe,lI,HIIKOBbIX 03epHO-aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIO)KeHHH
He IJpeBbIIllaeT 10 M. BCKpbIBaIOTC5I OHH Ha rJIy6lIHax OT 5 )],0 20 M.
OTJIO)KeHH5I )],HeIJpOBCKOH MopeHbl IJpOCJIe)KeHbI TOJIbKO B 3aIJa)],HoH
H ceBepo-BOCTO'lHOH 'laCT5IX 06JIaCTH Ha rJIy6HHe )];0 10 M. OHH IJepeKpbI-
BaIOTC5I BO)],HOJIe)],HHKOBbIMH IJpeHMYIII.eCTBeHHo MeJIK03epHHcTbIMH IJeCKaMH,
HMelOIII.HMH 60JIee IllHpoKoe pacrrpocTpaHeHlIe B IJpe)],eJIax nOJIeCCKOH:
HH3IIHbI.




37.6


HH)KEHEiPHO- rEOJIOrH4ECI(A5! XAP AI(TEPH CTHKA


I-I3 <pII3IIKO-reOJIOrII4eCKIIX 51BJIeHIIH Ha TeppIITOpIIII nOJIeCCKOB
HII3IIHW pa3BIITW 60JIOT006pa30BaTeJIbHWe npoueCCW II pa3BeBaHIIe neCqa-
HbIX OT JIO)KeHIIH.
B npe,l(eJIax paCCMaTpIIBaeMOH 06JIaCTII no YCJIOBII5IM pacnpOCTpaHe-
HII5I reHeTII4eCKIIX KOMnJIeKCOB nopo,l( BbI,l(eJI5IIOTC5I qeTblpe IIH)KeHepHO-
reOJIOrIIqeCKIIX paHOHa, B KOTOpbIX llIlIpOKO pacnpOCTpaHeHa nO,l(<popMaUII5I
,l(HenpOBCKoro OJIe,l(eHeHII5I.


PanOH npeHMYI.IJ.eCTBeHHOrO pa3BHTHSI cyneCqaHblX H cyrJlHHHcTblX nopo,l(
C BKJllOqeHHeM 06J10MOqHblX reoJloro-reHeTHqeCKOrO KOMnJleKCa
OCHOBHon MopeHbI BpeMeHH )J,HenpoBcKoro OJle,l(eHeHHSI (gIQndn)
MopeHHble OTJIO)KeHII5I ,l(HenpOBCKoro OJIe,l(eHeHII5I IIMeIOT OrpaHIIqeH-
Hoe pacnpOCTpaHeHIIe B npe,l(eJIax 06JIaCTII. OHII pa3BIITbI JIIIIIIb B ceBepo-
BOCTOqHOH II 3ana,l(HOH qaCT5IX nOJIeCCKOH HII3IIHbI. no COCTaBY CJIaraIO-
III.IIX ero nopo,l( BbI,l(eJI5IIOTC5I ,l(Be IIH)KeHepHO-reOJIOrIIqeCKIIe rpynnbI:
a) CB5I3HbIX nopoJJ: C BKJIIOqeHIIeM 06JIOMOqHbIX (rpy6ble, nJIOTHble BaJIYH-
Hble cyrrecII II cyrJIIIHKII C rpaBIIeM II raJIbKOH) II 6) CB5I3HbIX nopo,l( C rrec-
4aHbIMII (BaJIYHHble cynecII II cyrJIIIHKII C npOCJI05lMII II JIIIH3aMII pa3Ho-
3epHIIcTbIX necKoB). MOIII.HOCTb ,l(aHHOro KOMnJIeKCa KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 5
JJ:O 20 M.
06pa30BaHII5I OCHOBHOH MopeHbI - .3TO CIIJIbHoyrrJIOTHeHHble nOp0,l(bI,
HaXOJJ:51III.IIeC5I B TBep,l(OM II nOJIYTBep,l(oM COCT05lHIIII. B IIX COCTaBe npe-
06JIa,l(aIOT neCqaHble <ppaKUIIII; nbIJIeBaTbIX qaCTIIu cOJJ:ep)KIITC5I 4-20%,
rJ1IIHIICTbIX 10-15%. nJIaCTIIqHOCTb IIX HeBbICOKa5l, nJIaCTIIqHOCTb KOJIe6-
JIeTC5I OT 5 ,l(0 13 %. nOpIICTOCTb MopeHHblx cyrreceH II cyrJIIIHKOB COCTaB-
JI5IeT 26-33 %. BOJJ:onpoHIIuaeMocTb rropoJJ: HII3Ka5l, KO.3<P<PIIUIIeHT <pHJIb-
TpaUIIII KOJIe6JIeTC5I OT 0,3 ,l(0 0,003 MjCYTKU. MopeHHble cynecII II cyrJIIIHKII
xapaKTepII3YIOTC5I HII3KIIM conpOTIIBJIeHIIeM C)KaTIIIO H C,l(BIIry. YroJI BHYT-
peHHero TpeHII5I paBeH 18-27°, a BeJIIIqIIHa CuerrJIeHII5I - 0,3-0,6 KTjCM 2 .
KO.3<p<pIIUIIeHT KOMrrpeccIIII II3MeH5IeTC5I OT 0,003 ,l(0 0,015 CM 2 jKT. lI.orry-
CKaeMoe ,l(aBJIeHIIe Ha .3TII nopoJJ:bI ,l(OCTIIraeT 3 KT j CM 2 .
fpYHToBble BO,l(bI B npe,l(eJIax yqaCTKOB pacnpocTpaHeHII5I MopeHHblx
OTJIO)KeHIIH B OCHOBHOM rII,l(pOKap60HaTHo-HaTpIIeBble, CJIa60MIIHepaJIII30-
BaHHble, HearpeccIIBHble, 3aJIeraIOT Ha rJIy6IIHe OT 0,5 ,l(0 10 M, B OTJJ:eJIb-
HbIX c.rryqa5lx 06JIa,l(aIOT CJIa6bIMII MeCTHbIMII HanopaMII.
3aJIeraIOIII.IIe nepBblMII OT nOBepxHocTII MopeHHble cynecII II cyrJIIIHKII
C JIIIH3aMII II npOCJI05lMII BO,l(HOJIe,l(HIIKOBbIX neCqaHbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH He BbI3bI-
BaIOT onaceHIIH C TOqKII 3peHII5I YCTOHqIIBOCTII IIX B OCHOBaHIIII pa3JIIIqHbIX
coopY)KeHIIH, 3a IICKJIIOqeHIIeM 3a60JIoqeHHbIX yqaCTKOB.


PanOH npeHMYI.IJ.eCTBeHHOrO pa3BHTHSI neCqaHblX nopo,l( reoJloro-
reHeTHqeCKOrO KOMnJleKCa BO,l(HOJle,l(HHKOBbiX 06pa30BaHHn
BpeMeHH oTCTynaHHSI ,l(HenpOBCKoro OJle,l(eHeHHSI (fglsQndn)


BO,l(HO.TleJJ:HIIKOBbIH KOMnJIeKC BpeMeHII oTcTynaHII5I ,l(HenpOBCKoro OJIe-
,l(eHeHII5I IIIIIpOKO pacrrpOCTpaHeH Ha paCCMaTpIIBaeMOH TeppIITopIIII. npe,l(-
CTaBJIeH OH MeJIKO- II cpeJJ:He3epHIICTbIMII neCKaMII C BKJIIOqeHIIeM rpaBII5I,
raJIbKII, 06'be,l(IIHeHHbIMII B IIH)KeHepHO-reOJIOrIIqeCKYIO rpyrrny neCqaHbIX
nopoJJ:. MOIII.HOCTb neCKOB II3MeH5IeTC5I OT HeCKOJIbKIIX JJ:eC5ITKOB caHTIIMeT-
pOB JJ:0 15-20 M. necKII KBa pueBble C npIIMecbIO 4-10% nOJIeBbIX IIInaTOB
II ,l(0 1,5 % TeMHOUBeTHbIX MIIHepaJlOB. B IIX TOJIIII.e BCTpeqaIOTC5I MaJIOMOIII.-
Hble (,l(0 2 M) npOCJIOII cyneceH II cyr JIIIHKOB.
B paccMaTpIIBaeMblx neCqaHbIX nopoJJ:ax, no ,l(aHHbIM rpaHYJIOMeTpII-
qeCKIIX aHaJIII30B, cOJJ:ep)KIITC5I 60-90% neCqaHbIX II OT 6 ,l(0 25% nbIJIe-
BaTblX <ppaKUIIH. necKII xapaKTepII3yIOTc5I OTHOCIITeJlbHO PbIXJIbIM CJIO)Ke-




CEBEPHA5I OKP,kHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAJIJIW1. MACCHBA


377


HHeM, HX nOpHCTOCTb B ynJIOTHeHHOM COCT051HlIH paBHa 31-49 %, B pbIX-
JIOM - 41-59 %. YroJl eCTeCTBeHHOrO OTKoca H3Mep51eTC51 37-45° B CyXOM
COCT051HlIlI II 28-43° - no)], BO)],OH.
K03<P<PlIulIeHT <plIJIbTpaUlIlI lI3MeH51eTC51 B cpe)],HeM OT 1,5 )],0
15 MjCYTIW. I1eC'IaHble nop0)],bI cJIa60CmHMaeMble II lIMeIOT OTHOCHTeJIbHO
BWCOKlIe nOKa3aTeJIlI conpOTlIBJIeHlI51 c)],BHry (K03<p<pHUlIeHT C)],BlIra paBeH
0,46-0,66). lI.onycKaeMoe )],aBJIeHlIe Ha 3TH nopO)],bI )],OCTlIraeT 2,5 KT jCM 2 .
YpoBeHb rpYHToBbIX BO)], 3aJIeraeT Ha rJIy6lIHax 0-2 M. B 0)], bI npe-
lIMYllI.ecTBeH HO rlI)],poKa p 60H a T HO- KaJI bUlIeBble, CJIa 60MlIH ep a.'IlI30Ba H HbI e,
B OCHOBHOM HearpecclIBHble, XOT51 Ha OT)],eJIbHbIX Y'IaCTKaX (3ana)],Ha51
'IaCTb paHoHa, B6JIlI3lI r. noc. MlIKaIlleBlI'IlI) xapaKTeplI3YIOTC51 BbIllI.eJIa'IlI-
BaIOllI.eH II 06llI.eKlICJIOTHOH arpecclIBHoCTbIO. B paHoHe pa3BlITbI 60JIOTO-
06pa30BaTe.'IbHble rrpoueccbI, a TaKme pa3BeBaHlIe neC'IaHbIX OTJIOmeHlIH.


PaHOH npeuMYI.IJ.ecTBeHHoro pa3BuTuSI neCqaHblX nopo.ll. reoJloro-
reHeTUq.ecKoro KOMnJleKCa o3epHO-aJlJlIOBUaJlbHblX OTJlO}KeHU" .lI.peBHe-
U Cpe.ll.HeqeTBepTUqHOrO Me}KJle.ll.HUKOBbSl (lalQm-IY)


PaHOH OXBaTbIBaeT 3Ha'IlITeJIbHYIO 'IaCTb TepplIToplIlI I10JIeCCKOH HlI3-
MeHHOCTlI.
I10P0)],bI reOJIOrO-reHeTlI'IeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa )],peBHlIx 03epHO-aJIJIIO-
BlIaJIbHbIX 06pa30BaHlIH no JIlITOJIOrH'IeCKoMY COCT aBY 06'be)],lIH51IOTCH
B lIHmeHepHO-reOJIOrlI'IecKYIO rpynny rreC'IaHbIX nopo)]" npe)],cTaBJIeHHbIX
npelIMYIl!,ecTBeHHo MeJ1K03epHlIcTbIMlI neCKaMH, 'IaCTO 3alIJIeHHbIMH. B nec-
qaHOH TOJIllI.e BCTpe'IaIOTC51 JIlIH3bI cyneceH II cyrJIlIHKOB, 3alIJIeHHbIX,
C paCTlITeJIbHbIMlI OCTaTKaMlI II npOCJI051MH TOp<pa. MOllI.HOCTb 3THX OTJIO-
meHI1H KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 0,5 )],0 10M II 60JIee. I1 pOCJIOlI TOp<pa lIMeIOT MOIl!,-
HOCTb 1-1,5 M, a MeCTaMlI )],OCTlIraIOT 2-4 M. Top<p xapaKTeplI3yeTcfl
BbICOKOH eCTeCTBeHHOH BJI amHOCTbIO (400-600 % ), CJIa60H Bo)],onpOHlIuae-
MOCTbIO H 60JIbIlllIMlI aMnJIlITy)],aMlI oca)],KlI npH cmaTHlI. B 3aBlIClIMOCTlI
OT CTeneHlI pa3JIOmeHlI51 TOp<pa K03<p<PlIUlIeHT <pHJIbTpaUlIlI KO/le6JIeTC51 OT
0,06 )],0 0,26 MjCYTKU, yrOJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHH51 lI3MeH51eTCH OT 21 )],0 40°.
HecYllI.a51 cnoc06HoCTb TOp<pOB He npeBbIIllaeT 0,5-0,8 KTjCM 2 , 3a lICKJIIO-
'IeHlIeM oc06wx COOTHOIlleHlIH CTOpOH onopHoH nOBepxHocTlI coopymeHlIH
(BlIHOKypOB (lI )],p.], 1962).
03epHO-aJI.'IIOBlIaJIbHble rreCKlI xapaKTeplI3YIOTC51 noplIcToCTbIO OT 40
)],0 65% B PbIXJIOM COCT051HlIH II 28-58% - B ynJIOTHeHHoM. Bo)],onpoHH-
uaeMOCTb neCKOB BapblIpyeT B 60JIbIlllIX npe)],eJIax B 3aBlIClIMOCTlI OT
COCTaBa nopo)]" K03<p<PlIUlIeHT <plIJIbTpaUlIlI lI3MeH51eTC51 OT 0,5 )],0
25 MjCYTKU. I10 CTeneHlI cmlIMaeMOCTlI 3TlI neCKlI OTHOC51TC51 K cJIa60-
II cpe)],HecmlIMaeMbIM (K03<p<PlIuneHT KOMnpeCCHlI KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 0,006
)],0 0,012 CM 2 jKT). ConpOTlIBJIeHHe C)],BHraIOIl!,lIM YClIJIlI51M )],OBOJIbHO BbICO-
Koe, K03<P<PlIUHeHT C)],BlIra paBeH 0,40-0,63. lI.onycKaeMoe )],aBJIeHlIe Ha
paccMaTplIBaeMble nopo)],bI COCTaBJI51eT oplIeHTlIpOBO'IHO 2,5 KT j CM 2 .
03epHO-aJIJIIOBlIaJIbHble cyneclI II cyrJIHHKlI lIMeIOT OTHOCHTeJIbHO BbICO-
KYIO eCTeCTBeHHYIO BJIamHOCTb ()],o 16-21 % nplI 3a.'IeramJ:lI npelIMYIl!,eCT-
BeHHO B 30He a3paUlIlI). I10plICToCTb 3TlIX nopo)], KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 33 )],0
40 %. I1JIaCTlI'IHOCTb lIX HenOCT051HHa H 3aBlIClIT OT YC,lIOBlIH 3aJIeraHlI51
II HaJIlI'IlI51 rlI)],po<plIJIbHbIX KOJIJIOlI)],HbIX COCT a BJI51 IOIli,HX. 4lICJIO nJI aCTlI'I-
HOCTlI KOJIe6JIeTC51 OT 5-6 (B cyneC'IaHbIX nopo)],ax )],0 25-30% B CYrJIlIH-
Kax H rmlHax).
I10 CTeneHlI cmlIMaeMOCTlI 3TlI nopo)],bI xapaKTeplI3YIOTC51 KaK cpe)],He-
cmlIMaeMble. D,onycKaeMa51 HarpY3Ka Ha HlIX COCTaBJI51eT 2-2,5 KTjCM2.
Pa3HocTlI nopo)]" HaCbIIl!,eHHbIX OpraHlI'IeCKlIMlI nplIMeC51MlI, OTJIlI'IaIOTC5I
BbICOKOH rH)],paTlIpoBaHHocTbIO, HaXO)],5ITC51 B nJIaCTH'IHOM COCT051HHH Ii




378


HH)!<EHBPHO- rEOJIOrn1JECKM! XAPAKTEPHCTHKA


HMelOT 60JIee cJIa60e COnpOTHBJIeHHe CMHMalOIlJ,HM H C;:J:BHralOIlJ,HM YCH-
JIH5!M.
YpOBeHb nepBOrO OT nOBepXHOCTH BO;:J:OHOCHOrO rOpH30HTa HaXO;:J:HTCH
Ha rJly6HHe OT HYJIH ;:J:O 4 M. BO;:J:bI rH;:J:poKap60HaTHO-KaJIbIl,HeBbIe, cJIa60-
MHHepaJIH30BaHHbIe, Ha OT;:J:eJIbHbIX YIIacTKax 06JIa;:J:alOT BbIIlJ,eJIaIIHBalOIlJ,eH
H 06IlJ,eKHCJIOTHOH arpeccHBHoCTblO. B npe;:J:eJIax TeppHTopHH pacnpocTpa-
HeHHH 03epHO-aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX OT JIOMeHHH CHJIbHO pa3BHTbI 60JIOT006pa30-
BaTeJIbHbIe npOll,eCCbI, a TaKMe pa3BeBaHHe CJIa603aKpenJIeHHbIX neCIIaHbIX
OT JIOMeHHH.
r JIy6HHa npoMep3aHHH BepxHHx ropH30HTOB MO:>KeT KOJIe6aTbCH OT 40
;:J:O 50 CM nO;:J: CHerOBbIM nOKpoBoM H OT 60 ;:J:O 70 CM npH ero OTCYTCTBHH.
B HHMeHepHO-reOJIOfHIIeCKoM OTHOllIeHHH paccMaTpHBaeMaH TeppHTo-
pHH BbI3bIBaeT p5!;:J: 3aTpY;:J:HeHHH B CB5!3H C CHJIbHOH 06Bo;:J:HeHHocTblO,
HaJIHIIHeM nJIbIBYHoB H CJIa603aTopcpoBaHHbIx, 3aHJIeHHbIX pa3HocTeH
nopo;:J:. r JIy60KHe nO;:J:3eMHbIe BbIpa60TKH nOTpe6YlOT HCKyccTBeHHoro BO;:J:O-
OTJIHBa H KpenJIeHHfl.


PaUOH npeHMy
ecTBeHHoro pa3BHTHSI neCqaHblx nopo;:J: reOJIorO-
reHeTHqeCKOrO KOMnJIeKCa aJIJIIOBHaJIbHblX OTJI01KeHHU nouMeHHblx
H Ha;:J:nouMeHHblx Teppac peK (alQIV, alQm)
AJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIe OTJIOMeHHH HMelOT IlIHpoKoe pa3BHTHe B lI,eHTpaJIbHOH
qaCTH TIOJIeCcKoi'I HH3HHbI - B ;:J:OJIHHaX peK TIpHnHTH, )J.Henpa H HX npH-
TOKOB.
AJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIe CBHTbI nOHMeHHoH, nepBoH H BTOpOH Ha;:J:noHMeHHbIX
Teppac .9THX peK npe;:J:cTaBJIeHbI BceMH OCHOBHbIMH cpall,HHMH nOHMeHHoro,
PYCJIOBOrO H cTapHIIHoro aJIJIlOBH5!. OHH xapaKTepH3YlOTCH 60JIbillOH
neCTpOToH H pa3Ho06pa3HeM JIHTOJIOfH1JeCKOrO COCTaBa. Ho COOTHOllIeHHe
pa3JIH1JHb!X <paIl,HaJIbHbIX THIIOB B aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX TOJIIlJ,ax 3aKoHoMepHo
H 06YCJIOBJIeHO xapaKTepoM HaKOnJIeHlIH, nepeHoca H OTJIOMeHHH MaTepHa-
JIOB pe1JHbIM nOTOKOM.
B reOJIOrO-reHeTHIIeCKOM KOMnJIeKCe aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX OTJIOMeHHH no
JIHTOJIOrHIIecKoMY cocTaBY BbI;:J:eJI5!lOTC5! CJIe;:J:YlOIlJ,He HHMeHepHO-reOJIOrH1Je-
CKHe rpynnbI: a) neC1JaHbIX nopo;:J: (MeJIKO- H cpe;:J:He3epHHcTbIe necKH);
6) neCIIaHbIX nopo;:J: co CB5!3HbIMH (necKH rJIHHHCTbIe, 3aHJIeHHbIe, neCKH
C npOCJI05!MH H JIHH3aMH cyneceH H cyrJIHHKOB, cpe;:J:H KOTOpbIX HMelOTCH
pa3HocTH rYMycHpoBaHHbIe, 3aHJIeHHbIe, C opraHHIIecKHMH npHMecHMH
H 3aTopcpoBaHHbIe).
HaH60JIee pacnpocTpaHeHHbIe B .9TOM paHoHe COBpeMeHHbIe H ;:J:peBHHe
aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIe OTJIOMeHHH p. f1pHIT5!TH Hap5!;:J:y C 60JIbllIHM CXO;:J:CTBOM,
HMelOT H OTJIH1JHTeJIbHbIe oc06eHHocTH no CBoeMY cTpoeHHlO H HHMeHepHo-
reOJIOfH1JeCKHM cBoHCTBaM (TIapcpeHoBa, 1962).
B BepTHKaJIbHOM pa3pe3e aJIJIlOBHH Ha6JIlO;:J:aeTcH 3aKoHoMepHaH
CMeHa nopo;:J:. B BepxHeH 1JaCTH - B nOHMeHHoM aJIJIlOBHH 3aJIeralOT neCKH
MeJIK03epHHcTbIe (c 60JIbllIHM cO;:J:epMaHHeM TOHKOneC1JaHOH cppaKII,HH),
1Jepe;:J:YlOIlJ,HecH C npOCJI05!MH cyneceH H cyrJIHHKOB, Hepe;:J:KO rYMycHpO-
BaHHbIX. B cpe;:J:HeH 1JaCTH aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIX TOJIIlJ, npe06JIa;:J:alOT neCKH
MeJIK03epHHcTbIe, CMeHHlOIlJ,HeC5! B PYCJIOBOM aJIJIlOBHH IIpeHMYIlJ,eCTBeHHo
cpe;:J:He3epHHCTbIJvil1 neCKaMl1 C pe;:J:KHMH JIl1H3aMH KpynH03epHHcTbIX.
Ha6JIlO;:J:alOTcH TaKMe JIHH3bI cTapHIIHbIX rJIHHHCTbIX H neC1JaHbIX nopo;:J:.
B lI,eJl0M paccMaTpHBaeMbIH reoJIOrO-reHeTHIIecKHH KOMnJIeKC xapaKTepH-
3yeTcH npe06JIa;:J:aHHeM neC1JaHbIX nopo;:J:. MOIlJ,HOCTb nOHMeHHoro aJIJIlOBHH
nJIaBHO HapaCTaeT OT 3-9 M B BepxoBbe ;:J:O 14-16 M B HHMHeM Te1JeHHH.
TIepBa5! Ha;:J:noHMeHHaH Teppaca HMeeT He60JIbillHe MOIlJ,HOCTH (OT
8-lQ ;:J:O 16-18 M) aJIJIlOBl1H. B npe;:J:eJIax BTOpOH (.9p03HOHHo-aKKYMYJIH-
THBHOH) Ha;:J:noHMeHHoH TeppacbI aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIe OTJIOMeHl1H He BbI;:J:ep-




CEBEPHA5j OKPAHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAJIJIHq. MACCHBA


379


:lKaHbI rro MOIlJ,HOCTII, KOTopaH II3MeHHeTC5! OT 0 ;:J:O 10 M, B OCHOBHOM He
npeBbililaeT 2-6 M. B BepXOBbe 3Ta Teppaca 3p03IIOHHoro TIIna II npOCJIe-
:lKHBaeTCH HerrOBceMeCTHO, Hali60JIee pa3BliTa OHa B cpe;:J:HeH qaCTII ;:J:OJIIIHbI.
B COCTaBe aJIJIlOBIIaJIbHbIX rreCKOB npeo6JIa;:J:aeT KBapll, (70-94 %),
rrOJIeBbIX IlIrraTOB cO;:J:ep:IKIITC5! 11-28%. B TH:lKeJIOH cppaKlI,liII (0,5-1 %)
npe06JIa;:J:alOT rpaHaTbI, PY;:J:Hble, aMcpII6oJIbI, 3rrII;:J:OT, lI,IIpKOH, TYPMaJIIIH
li ;:J:pyrIIe MliHepaJIbI. KOJIJIOli;:J:Ha5! cppaKlI,H5! rreCqaHOrO aJIJIlOBII5! B OCHOB-
HOM rrpe;:J:CTaBJIeHa rII;:J:pOCJIlO;:J:aMII; B 3HallIITeJIbHOM KOJIIIlIeCTBe cO;:J:ep-
:lKaTCH opraHIIlIecKIIe rrpHMeCH (no MeTO;:J:Y rrpOKaJIHBaHH5! - 0,07-2,3 %).
B cyrreC5!x II cyrJIIIHKaX (rroHMeHHoro II cTapIIlIHoro aJIJIlOBIIH) OCHOB-
Hoe BJIIIHHIIe Ha HX CBOHCTBa OKa3bIBalOT rJIIIHIICTble lIaCTHlI,bI. B COCTaBe
rrOCJIe;:J:HHX rrpe06JIa;:J:alOT rII;:J:pOCJIlO;:J:bI C He60JIbllIIIM KOJIIIlIeCTBOM MOHT-
MOpIIJIJIOHIITa, pe:IKe KaOJIIIHIITa (rro ;:J:aHHbIM 3JIeKTpOHHOH MIIKpOCKorrIIII).
DOTepII rrpII npOKaJIIIBaHIIII B aJIJIlOBIIII rrOHMbI COCTaBJI5!lOT 1,3-27,8 %,
B rJIHHIICTbIX rropo;:J:ax Ha;:J:rrollMeHHblx Teppac 0,6-11 %, liTO YKa3bIBaeT
Ha OTHOCliTeJIbHO BbICOKoe cO;:J:ep:IKaHHe opraHIIlIeCKHX BeIlJ,eCTB B 3TIIX
nopo;:J:ax. B BepXOBbe II cpe;:J:HeH lIaCTII ;:J:OJIIIH
 cpe;:J:H rJIIIHIICT
X rropoJJ:
npOCJIe:IKIIBaioTCH pa3HOCTII C nOB
llIeHHOH Ka p60Ha THOCTblO, cO;:J:ep:IKaHIIe
B KOTOpbIX CaO (no ;:J:aHHbIM COJI5!HOKIICJIbIX BbIT5!:lKeK) COCTaBJI5!eT 0,01-
12,3%, a CaC0 3 (rro BaJIOBOMY xIIMIIlIecKoMY cocTaBY) ;:J:OCTIIraeT
9,3-26,7%.
B rrOrJIOIlJ,eHHOM KOMrrJIeKCe cyrJIHHKOB npe06JIa;:J:alOT KaTIIOHbI Ca 2 +
II Mg2+ (5,8-14,4 M2'3KB) II B MeHbilleH CTerreHII Na+ (1,2 M2'3KB).
BO;:J:H
e BbITH:lKKH H3 3THX rropo;:J: YKa3bIBalOT Ha rH;:J:poKap6oHaTHO-KaJIb-
lI,IIeB
H TIIrr rropOBoro paCTBopa II HII3KYlO CTerreHb MIIHepaJIII3all,IIII (CYXOH
OCTaTOK 0,004-0,117%).
<DII3IIKo-IV,exaHIIlIecKIIe CBoHcTBa aJIJIlOBIIaJIbHbIX rropo;:J: 3aBIIC5!T OT
MIIHepaJIbHOrO II rpaHYJIOMeTpIIlIecKoro COCTaBa, eCTeCTBeHHoro COCT05!HII5!
H YCJIOBliH 3aJIeraHHH. fpaHYJIOMeTpIIlIecKIIH COCTaB II CBoHcTBa rroHMeH-
HbIX, PYCJIOBbIX II cTapIIlIHbIX nopo;:J: nOHMeHHoH TeppaCbI B o6IlJ,eM 6JIII3Kli
K COCTaBY II CBollCTBaM cooTBeTcTBylOIlJ,IIX cpall,IIll aJIJIlOBII5! rrepBoH Ha;:J:rroH-
MeHHoH TeppaCbI.
MeJIK03epHHcTble rreCKII, 3aJIeralOIlJ,IIe B rrpOCJI05!X Me:IK;:J:Y cyrreC5!MII
H cyrJIIIHKaMII, IIMeIOT ;:J:OBOJIbHO pbIXJIOe CJIO:IKeHIIe B cOBpeMeHHoM aJIJIlO-
BIIII, oco6eHHo rYMYCHpoBaHHble pa3HOCTII (n ;:J:OCTliraeT 43 %) H 60JIee
yrrJIOTHeHbI B ;:J:peBHeM (n =30-42 %), Ha liTO YKa3bIBaeT II IIX pa3JIIIlIIIe
B AellCTBIITeJIbH
X 06'beMHbIX Becax. BO;:J:orrpOHIIlI,aeMOCTb HX O;:J:IIHaKOBO
HeBbICOKa5!, K03cpcpHlI,IIeHT cpHJIbTp a 11, II II KOJI e6JI eTC5! OT 1,1 ;:J:O 6,5 M/ CYTKU.
3TII rreCKH xapaKTepH3YlOTCH 6JIH3KHMH 3HalleHH5!MH rrOKa3aTeJIeH corrpo-
THBJI eHH5! C;:J:BIIry (cpcp = 30-31 0) .
3aJIeralOIlJ,He HHMe MeJIK03epHIICT
e rreCKII, o6pa3YlOIlJ,IIe B BepTHKaJIb-
HOM p a3 pe3e aJIJIlOBH aJIbHbIX TOJIIlJ, KaK 6
 cpe;:J:HlOlO 30HY (cp all,IIH rrpII-
PYCJIOB
X BaJIOB rrOHMeHHoro H rrpHpYCJIOBbIX OTMeJIeH PYCJIOBOrO aJIJIlO-
BIIH), HBJI5!lOTC5! 60JIee OTMbITbIMII, OTCOpTIIpOBaHHbIMII II yrrJIOTHeHHbIMII,
oco6eHHo B ;:J:peBHeM aJIJIlOBIIII. DOpIICTOCTb 3TIIX rropo;:J: (6JIII3Ka5! K eCTe-
cTBeHHoli) B COBpeMeHHOM aJIJIlOBIIII B cpe;:J:HeM paBHa 35 %, B ;:J:peBHeM-
32 %. BO;:J:onpOHIIlI,aeMOCTb rropo;:J: HeBbICOKa5!, K03cpcpIIlI,IIeHT cpIIJIbTpall,HII
H3M-eHHeTCH OT 0,5 ;:J:O 6,3 M/CYTKU. CorrpOTIIBJIeHHe C;:J:BHralOIlJ,liM YCHJIH5!M
neCKOB cpe;:J:Heli 30HbI rroHM
 HIIMe (cpcp = 29°), lIeM rrepBoH Ha;:J:rroHMeHHoli
TeppaCbI (cpcp=36°). 3TII rreCKII xapaKTepII3YlOTCH KaK CJIa60CMIIMaeMble
(a ==0,009-0,001 CM 2 /KF, cpe;:J:HecMIIMaeMbIMII OHII 5!BJI5!lOTC5! npII
p=0,5 KF(CM 2 ).
Heo6xo;:J:HMO OTMeTIITb 60JIbillYlO 3aBIICIIMOCTb MexaHIIlIeCKIIX CBOHCTB
MeJIK03epHIICTbIX rreCKOB OT IIX rrJIOTHOCTII CJIOMeHII5!. DpH rropHCTOCTH
nopo;:J: 46-49 % yroJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHII5! paBeH 23-28°. CHIIMeHIIe rropII-
CTOCTII ;:J:O 30-35% COOTBeTCTBeHHO BbI3bIBaeT YBeJIHlIeHHe <p ;:J:O 34-39°.




380


HH)I(EiH EPH 0- rEOJIO rl1'-I.ECI<A5I XAp AI<TE PHCTHI<A


PYCJIOBble rrpeIIMYIIJ;eCTBeHHO Cpe)l,He3epHIICTble rreCKII, 3aJIeraIOIIJ;lIe
B HIIMHeH lJaCTII aJIJIIOBlIaJIbHbIX TOJIIIJ;, OTJIlIlJaIOTCH TaKMe rro COCTaBY
II CBOHCTBaM aT paCCMOTpeHHbIX rreClJaHbIX rropo)l,. OHII 60JIee yrrJIOTHeHbI
(ncp = 33-34 %), xapaKTeplI3YIOTCH BbICOKIIMII yrJIaMII eCTeCTBeHHoro
OTKoca (35° - Ha B03)l,yxe II 31-33° - rro)l, BO)l,OH). KO.9cpcplIIJ,lIeHT CPIIJIb-
TpaU1I1I IIX BbICOKIIH, B cOBpeMeHHoM aJIJIIOBlI1I OH 1I3MeHHeTCH aT 2 )l,0
8 M/CYTKU, B )l,peBHeM 4,7-22 M/CYTKU.
HeCKOJIbKO 60JIbillee corrpOTIIBJIeHlIe C)l,BlIry OKa3bIBaIOT PYCJIOBbIe
rreCKII rrepBoH Ha)l,rroHMeHHoH TeppacbI ('Pcp = 37°) . OCHoBHoe BJIIIHHlIe
B .9TOM CJIYlJae IIMeeT rrJIOTHOCTb CJIOMeHII5I. [1 plI rroplIcToCTII 31-32 %
Cpe)l,He3epHlIcTbIX rreCKOB yroJI BHYTpeHHero TpeHIIH ('P) paBeH 35-38°,
60JIee pbIXJIOe COCTOHHlIe Tex Me rreCKOB (n = 39-43 %) BbI3bIBaeT CHIIMe-
HlIe corrpOTIIBJIeHIIH C)l,BlIry ('P = 22-31°).
[10 KO.9cpcpIIUlIeHTY KOMrrpecclI1I (rrplI p = 2-3 Kr; CM 2 ) .9TII rreCKH
K.rracclIcpIIUIIPYIOTCH KaK cJIa60 II OlJeHb cJIa60 CMIIMaeMbIe (0,0002-
0,006 CM 2 /KF). .
CTapHlJHbIe rreCKII HBJIHIOTC5I MeJIK03epHlIcTbIMH C 60JIbill1IM, HHOr)l,a
rrpe06JIa)l,aIOIIJ;IIM CO)l,epMaHlIeM TOHKIIX lJaCTIIU. [1JIOTHOCTb CJIOMeHIIH
3aBlIClIT aT CTerreHII 3alIJIeHlIH (n )l,OCTlIraeT 37-40 %) . BO)l,OrrpOHlIuae-
MOCTb IIX HIIMe, lJeM PYCJIOBbIX rreCKOB (K = 0,6-6,8 M/CYTKU). COOT BeT-
CTBeHHO CHIIMaeTCH corrpOTIIBJIeHlIe CMaTIIIO II C)l,BlIry. YrOJI BHYTpeHHero
TpeHIIH COBpeMeHHbIX CTaplIlJHbIX rreCKOB B Cpe)l,HeM paBeH 30°, )l,peB-
HIIX
 32°.
B TOJIIIJ;e aJIJIIOBIIH BTOpOH Ha)l,rroHMeHHoH TeppacbI rrpe06JIa)l,aIOT
MeJIK03epHlIcTbIe rreCKII, 60JIee OTCOpTlIpoBaHHbIe B PYCJIOBOM aJIJIIOBIIH, HO
C CO)l,epMaHlIeM rrbIJIeBaTbIX II r JIIIHIICTbIX lJaCTHU B rroHMeHHoM aJIJIIOBIIM.
OCHoBHble rrOKa3aTeJIlI IIX CPII3IIKo-MeXaHlIlJeCKIIX CBOHCTB 6JIlI3KlI K MeJIKO-
3epHlIcTbIM rreCKaM cpe)l,HeH 30HbI B aJIJIIOBlI1I rrepBoH Ha)l,rroHMeHHOH.
TeppaCbI.
r JIIIHIICTbIe ITOpO)l,bI cOBpeMeHHoro II )l,peBHero aJIJIIOBIIH, B OTJIlIlJlIe aT
rreClJaHbIX, 60JIee 1I3MeHlJlIBbI rro CBOIIM CBoHcTBaM, IIMeIOT HepaBHoMepHYro
HecYIIJ;YIO crroc06HoCTb.
B BepxHeH lJaCTII pa3pe3a rroHMbI rJIIIHIICTbIe rrOp0)l,bI BCTpelJaIOTCH
B BII)l,e TOHKIIX roplI30HTaJIbHbIX rrpOCJIOeB cyrreclI IIJIII cyrJIIIHKa cpe)l,1I
MeJIK03epHlIcTbIX rreCKOB (cpaIJ,IIH oKpaHHHblx 30H), KOTopbIe rrepeKpbI-
BaIOTCH cyrrecHMII IIJIII cyrJIIIHKaMII (cpaUIIH BHYTpeHHlIx 30H IJ,eHTpaJIbHOH
rroHMbI) rro)l,BepMeHHbIMII B03)l,eikTBHIO rrOlJBo06pa30BaTeJIbHbIX rrpoueccoB
(MOIIJ;HOCTbIO )l,0 1-2,5 M). MOIIJ;HOCTb rrpOCJIOeB r JIIIHIICTbIX rropo)l, KOJIe6-
JIeTCH aT HeCKOJIbKIIX caHTIIMeTpOB )l,0 1-1,1 M II 3aKoHoMepHo YBeJIlIlJlI-
BaeTCH BHlI3 rro )l,OJIIIHe. HHOf)l,a Cpe)l,H HIIX BCTpelJaIOTCH rrpocJl01I Topcpa.
3TlI OTJIOMeHIIH 3aJIeraIOT B OCHOBHOM BbIille ypOBHH rpYHToBbIX BO)l,
(B 30He a.9paIJ,IIII), 3a IICKJIIOqeHHeM yqaCTKOB 3a60JIaQlIBaHlIH II BblCOKoro
CTOHHIIH ypOBHH rpyHToBbIx BO)l,.
[1oHMeHHbIe rJIIIHIICTbIe rrop0)l,bI rro rpaHYJIOMeTplIlJeCKOMY cocTaBY xa-
paKTeplI3yIOTcH CIIJIbHbIM HaCbIIIJ;eHlIeM rreClJaHbIMII cppaKulIHMII (cBblille 50,
a IIHor)l,a II 70 %). I1x cplI3lIlJeCKlIe CBOHCTBa 3aBlICHT aT CO)l,epMaHIIH opra-
HlIlJeCKIIX rrplIMeceH. C YBeJIlIlJeHlIeM IIX CO)l,epMaHIIH B03paCTaeT rroplI-
CTOCTb, eCTeCTBeHHaH BJIaMHOCTb, rrJIaCTIIQHOCTb, lJTO CBH3aHO C CIIJIbHOH
rlI)l,pocplIJIbHOCTbIO KOJIJIOII)l,HbIX COCTaBJIHIOIIJ;IIX. 3aJIeraHlIe rropo)l, B 30He
a.9paIJ,1I1I orrpe)l,eJIHeT KOJIe6aHlIH IIX eCTeCTBeHHOH BJIaMHOCTII (6-32 %,
peMe 55%), rroplIcToCTII (34-47, IIHor)l,a 59%), 06'beMHOrO Beca (1,65-
2,12, B cpe)l,HeM 1,83 e./CM 3 ).
B rrpe)l,eJIax )l,OrrycKaeMbIx HarpY30K aT Beca coopyMeHIIH, paBHbIX
rrplIMepHo 1-2 Kr/CM 2 , paccMaTplIBaeMbIe rrOpO)l,bI MOMHO ClJHTaTb cpe)l,He-
cMIIMaeMbIMII, a CIIJIbHorYMyclIpoBaHHble pa3HocTlI - CIIJIbHOCMIIMaeMbIMH
(ITa KO.9cpcpIIUlIeHTY KOMrrpecclIlI). [10 TOHKIIM rYMycHpoBaHHbIM rrpOCJIOHM




Cf:BEPHA5I OKPAHI-lA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAJIJIHq. MACCHBA


381


COnpOTlIBJIeHlle C;:J:BIIralOllI.IIM YCIIJIII5IM CHIIMaeTCH. BepTIIKaJIbHOe ;:J:aBJIe-
HIIe ;:J:O 2-3 KF / CM 2 3HaqIITeJIbHO ynJIOTHHeT nopO;:J:bI, a CIIJIbHaH HaCbIllI.eH-
HOCTb neCqaHbIMII qaCTIIlI,aMII cnoc06cTByeT npIIHHTIIlO OCHOBHOH HarpY3KII
Ha neCqaHbIH KapKac. [103TOMY conpOTIIBJIeHIIe C;:J:BIIralOllI.IIM YCIIJIII5IM
nOBbIllIaeTCH. Ha6JIlO;:J:aeTcH 60JIblllOe KOJIe6aHIIe nOKa3aTeJIeH conpoTIIB-
JIeHIIH C;:J:BIIry, TaK, HanpIIMep, cp II3MeHHeTCH OT 13 ;:J:O 31°, ;:J:JIH cyneceif
30HbI a3pall,IIII C HII3KOH eCTeCTBeHHOH BJIaMHOCTblO cp MOMeT 6bITb II BbIllIe.
Cpe;:J:II CTapIIqHbIX nopo;:J: pa3BIITbI cynecII, cyrJIIIHKII, 3aIIJIeHHble,
IIHor;:J:a 3aTopcpoBaHHble. 06llI.aH MOllI.HOCTb IIX KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 0,1 ;:J:O 3 M.
<PII3IIKO- MeXaHIIqeCKIIe CBOHCTBa cyneceH II cyr JIIIHKOB CTa PIIqHOro
aJIJIlOBIIH pa3Ho06pa3HbI II no CTeneHII nJIaCTIIqHOCTII II3MeHHlOTCH OT MHr-
KOnJIaCTIIqHbIX ;:J:O TeKyqIIX. 4aCToe npIICYTCTBIIe OpraHllqeCKIIX npIIMecell
(OT CJIe;:J:OB ;:J:O 3-5, peMe 12-27 %), 3aIIJIeHIIe, CJIa6aH ynJIOTHeHHOCTb
3TIIX oca;:J:KOB YXY;:J:llIalOT IIX IIHMeHepHO-reOJIOrIIqeCKIIe CBOHCTBa. BbICOKO-
rII;:J:pOcpIIJIbHble OpraHIIqeCKlIe BellI.eCTBa II HaJIIIqIIe rII;:J:pOCJIlO;:J: C npIIMecblO
6ell;:J:eJIJIIITa B rJIIIHIICTOH cppaKlI,IIII nOBbIllIalOT IIX rII;:J:paTall,IIlO, qTO BJIII5IeT
Ha lI,eJIbIll pH;:J: cpII3IIqeCKIIX CBOHCTB. TaKIIe nopo;:J:bI IIMelOT nopIIcToCTb
OT 38 ;:J:O 80 %, IIX K03cpcpIIlI,IIeHT nopIICTOCTII qaCTO BbIllIe e;:J:IIHIIlI,bI, eCTe-
CTBeHHaH BJIaMHOCTb MOMeT ;:J:OCTIIraTb 80-100% II 60JIee. CTapIIqHble
nopO;:J:bI OrJIeeHHble II C HII3KIIM cO;:J:epMaHIIeM opraHIIqeCKIIX npIIMeceiI
IIMelOT MeHblllIIe 3HaqeHIIH nopIICTOCTII (;:J:o 55 %), eCTecTBeHHoH BJIaMHOCTII
(;:J:o 40%).
Ha MeXaHIIqeCKIIe CBollcTBa 3TIIX nopo;:J: OCHOBHoe BJIIIHHIIe OKa3bIBaeT
eCTeCTBeHHoe COCT05lHIIe, 3aBIICHllI.ee OT YCJIOBIIH 3aJIeraHIIH. [1 opO;:J:bI, 3aJIe-
ralOllI.IIe B 30He a3pall,lIlI TyrOnJIaCTIIqHOll KOHcIIcTeHUIIII, IIMelOT yroJI BHy-
TpeHHero TpeHIIH ;:J:O 28° (cynecii ;:J:O 38°) II 51BJIHlOTCH CJIa60CMIIMaeMbIMII.
[1oBbIllIeHIIe nJIaCTIIqHOCTII CHIIMaeT conpOTIIBJIeHIIe C;:J:BIIry (cp = 13-24°) .
[1JIaCTIIqeCKOe TeqeHIIe r JIIIHIICTbIX nopo;:J:, B CJIyqae OTCYTCTBIIH 60KOBbIX

aBJIeHIIH (O;:J:HoocHoe cMaTIIe), HaqIIHaeTCH npII BepTIIKaJIbHOH Harpy3Ke
1,25-1,50 KFjcM 2 . HaII60JIee 3alIJIeHHble pa3HocTII CIIJIbHOCMIIMaeMbI npII
p = 2,3 KF j CM 2 II cpe;:J:HecMIIMaeMbI npII 60JIbllleH HarpY3Ke.
B nOllMeHHoM aJIJIlOBIIII nepBoll Ha;:J:nollMeHHoH TeppaCbI cynecII II
cyr JIIIHKII 3aJIeralOT B BII;:J:e pe;:J:KIIX MaJIOM0llI.HbIX (0,1-0,8 M, MeCTaMII
;:J:O 3 M) npOCJIOeB II JIIIH3. I1x MOllI.HOCTb II nJIOllI.a;:J:b pacnpoCTpaHeHIIH
YBeJIIIqIIBalOTCH K HII30BblO ;:J:OJIIIHbI. <PII3IIqeCKIIe CBOHCTBa cynecell II cy-
rJIIIHKOB cOBpeMeHHoro aJIJIlOBIIH, pa3Ho06pa3HbI. ECTecTBeHHaH BJIaMHOCTb
II3MeHHeTCH OT 13 ;:J:O 38% B 3aBIICIIMOCTII OT COCTaBa II YCJIOBIIH 3aJIera-
HIIH. ECTecTBeHHaH nopIIcToCTb KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 27 ;:J:O 38 %, B Kap60HaTHblx
pa3HocTHX ;:J:OCTIIraeT 50 %. MaKCIIMaJIbHaH MOJIeKYJIHpHaH BJIarOeMKOCTb
II3MeHHeTCH OT 10 ;:J:O 15%. Pa3MoKaeMocTb nopo;:J: CJIa6aH, HO B ;:J:IICTIIJIJIII-
pOBaHHoH BO;:J:e OHII pa3MoKalOT 6blcTpee, a Kap60HaTHble cyrJIIIHKII pa3-
MOKalOT MrHOBeHHO.
CynecII II cyrJIIIHKII nOHMeHHoro aJIJIlOBIIH OKa3bIBalOT BblCOKoe conpo-
TIIBJIeHIIe C;:J:BIIry. K03cpcpIIlI,IIeHT BHYTpeHHero TpeHIIH II3MeHHeTCH OT 0,408
;:J:O 0,683, cp-OT 27 ;:J:O 34°, B rYMycIIpoBaHHblx 06pa311,aX CHIIMaeTCH;:J:O 21°.
[10 ;:J:aHHbIM TpexocHoro OKaTIIH cp - OrJIeeHHblX pa3HocTeH 3TIIX nopo;:J:
paBeH 34°, BeJIIIqIIHa ClI,enJIeHIIH - 0,25 KF/cM 2 .
[1oHMeHHble cyrJIIIHKII OTHOCHTCH K cpe;:J:HecMIIMaeMbIM (a=O,OI-
0,032 cM 2 jKF npII p=2-3 KF/cM 2 ), MO;:J:YJIb ;:J:ecpopMall,IIII (E) II3MeHHeTCH
OT 38 ;:J:O 120 KF/cM 2 , MO;:J:YJIb oca;:J:Ka (e) - OT 8 ;:J:O 25 MM/M. CyneclI
xapaKTepII3YlOTCH KaK CJIa60CMIIMaeMble.
CTapIIqHble nopO;:J:bI cJIa60 ynJIOTHeHbI, HaXO;:J:HTCH B nJIaCTIIqHOM
COCTOHHIIII. ECTecTBeHH aH nopIICTOCTb II3 MeHHeTCH OT 34 ;:J:O 49 %. 4IICJIO
fI.11 aCTIIqHOCTII cyrJIIIHKOB II3MeHHeTCH OT 8 ;:J:O 20 %, cynecell - OT 4 ;:J:O 6 %.
ECTecTBeHHaH BJIaMHOCTb KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 17 ;:J:O 36 %.




382


HH)!(EHEPHO-rEOJIOrH'IECKMI XAPAKTEPHCTHKA


o plI eCTeCTBeHHOM CJIOMeHlIlI II BJIaMHOCTlI yrOJI BHYTpeHHerO TpeHlIH
CTa PlI'IHbIX cyr JIlIHKOB Ba pblIpyeT OT 16 ;:J:O 26°. .
JJ:JIH cyneC'IaHbIX pa3HocTeH 'f> paBHo 33-34°, tg cp ;:J:OCTlIraeT 0,680.
O;:J:HoocHoe CMaTlIe OT;:J:eJIbHbIX 06pa311,0B nOKa3aJIO, 'ITO nJIaCTlI'IHOe TeIIe-
HlIe ;:J:peBHlIX CTaplI'IHbIX nopo;:J: HaIIlIHaeTCH nplI HarpY3Ke 1,25-
1,50 KF/CM 2 .
CTaplI'IHbIe cyrJIlIHKI-I fIJIaCTlI'IHOro COCTOHHlIH 06bI'IHO cpe;:J:HecMlIMae-
MbIe (a=0,02-0,06 CM 2 /KT, e=91-148 MM/M). CyrreclI HBJIHlOTCH cpe;:J:He-
CMlIMaeMbIMlI rrplI MaJIbIX HarpY3Kax (0,5-1 KTjCM 2 ) II CJIa60CMlIMaeMbIMlI
nplI YBeJIlI'IeHlIlI HarpY3KlI ;:J:O 5-6 KTjCM 2 .
00 cpaBHeHlIlO C COBpeMeHHbIM aJIJIlOBlIeM CTaplI'IHbIe rropO;:J:bI rrepBoH
Ha;:J:rroHMeHHoH TeppaCbI, oc06eHHO r JIy60KlIX roplI30HTOB, BCTpe'IalOIlI,lIeCfJ
B nepeyrJIy6JIeHlIHX ;:J:OJIlIHbI, 60JIee ynJIOTHeHbI II ;:J:erlI;:J:paTlIpOBaHbI, 'ITO
CBH3aHO C rrpOHBJIeHlIeM rrpOll,eCCOB paHHero ;:J:lIareHe3a.
r JIlIHlICTbIe nOHMeHHbIe rropO;:J:bI BTOpOH Ha;:J:noHMeHHoH TeppacbI npe;:J:-
CT a BJI eHbI npelIMYIll,eCTBeHHO cynecHMlI.
CTaplI'IHbIe OTJIOMeHlIH lI3MeHHlOTCH OT JIerKlIX cyneceH ;:J:O rJIlIH. I1x
cplI3lIKo-Mexa HlI'IeCKI-Ie CBoHcTBa KOJIe6JIlOTCH B llIlIpOKlIX np e;:J:eJI ax, HO
B 06Il1,eM 6JIlI3KlI K COOTBeTCTBYlOIlI,lIM pa3HOCTHM rrepBoH Ha;:J:noHMeHHoH
TeppaCbI. HalI60JIbllIlIe 3Ha'IeHlIH eCTeCTBeHHOH BJIaMHOCTlI (30%) II noplI-
CTOCTlI (44 %) OTHOCHTCH K r JIlIHlICTbIMlI pa3HocTHM. BbICOKOH nJIaCTlI'I-
HOCTblO xapaKTeplI3YlOTCH rJII-IHbI II THMeJIbIe cyrJIlIHKlI. OOCJIe;:J:HlIe lIMelOT
OTHOClITeJIbHO cJIa60e conpOTlIBJIeHlIe C)KaTlIlO (e = 31 MMjM; a= 0,022-
0,045 CM 2 /KT) II C;:J:BlIry (cp=17-2IO). DOJIee BbICOKlIe rrOKa3aTeJIlI Mexa-
HlI'IeCKlIX CBOHCTB xapaKTepHbI ;:J:JIH rropo;:J: TyrOrrJIaCTlI'IHOrO II nOJIYTBep-
;:J:oro COCTOHHlIH (cp = 25-32°).
JJ:JIH rJIlIHI-ICTbIX aJIJIlOBlIaJIbHbIX nopo;:J: B lI,eJIOM BaMHO y'IlITblBaTb lIX
pa3/1lI'IHbIH xapaKTep CMaTlIH B 3aBlIClIMOCTlI OT COCTaBa.
CyrreclI II cyrJIlIHKlI (B TOM 'IlICJIe II C HaJIlI'IlIeM OpraHlI'IeCKlIX nplI-
MeceH) 3alIJIeHHbIe, HO HaCbIIlI,eHHbIe neC'IaHbIMlI 'IaCTlIlI,aMlI (cBbIllIe 70 %),
nO'ITI-I MaKClIMaJIbHOro yrrJIOTHeHlIH ;:J:OCTlIralOT rrplI p=2-4 KT/CM 2 .
OOPO;:J:bI C MeHbllIlIM cO;:J:epMaHlIeM rreC'IaHbIX cppaKlI,lIH «30 %), peMe
BCTpe'IalOIlI,lIecH B aJIJIlOBlIlI, OTJIlI'IalOTCH He3aTyxalOIlI,eH nJIaBHOH oca;:J:KoH
(;:J:o p = 6-8 KT /CM 2 ) II ;:J:JIlITeJIbHbIMlI npOll,eCCaMlI KOHCOJIlI;:J:aUlIlI.
Ha paccMaTplIBaeMoH TepplITOplIlI B03MOMHO B03HlIKHOBeHlIe II pa3-
BlITlIe HeKoTopbIX npOll,eCCOB, MorYIll,lIX OKa3aTb BJIlIHHlIe nplI CTpOlITeJIb-
CTne PR3JII-I'IHbIX coopYMeHlIH.
BO;:J:oHaCbIIlI,eHHbIe aJIJIlOBlIaJIbHbIe rreCKlI, 3aJIeralOIlI,lIe HlIMe ypOBHH
rpYHToBbIX BO;:J:, lIMelOT rrplI3HaKlI rrpOHBJIeHlIH nJIbIBYHHOCTlI. 9TO 06YCJIOB-
JIeHO He TOJIbKO XlIMlIKO-MlIHepaJIOrlI'IeCKlIM, rpaHYJIOMeTplI'IeCKlIM CBOH-
CTBOM rropO;:J:, HaJIlI'IlIeM aKTlIBHbIX OpraHlI'IeCKlIX KOJIJIOlI;:J:HbIX COCTaBJIHlO-
IlI,lIX, HO II rrO;:J:nopOM rpYHTOBbIX BO;:J: CO CTOpOHbI CKJIOHOB ;:J:OJIlIHbI BCJIe;:J:-
CTBlIe cJIa60ro rrO;:J:3eMHoro II nOBepXHOCTHoro CTOKa. TaKlIe YCJIOBlIH
crroc06CTBYlOT 60JIbilleH rrO;:J:BlIMHOCTlI neC'IaHbIX 'IaCTlIlI" HaXO;:J:HIlI,lIXCH
KaK 6bI BO B3BellIeHHOM COCTOHHlIlI. BO;:J:onpOHlIlI,aeMOCTb nJIblBYHHbIX
neCKOB CJIa6aH (K ;:J:O 1-2 M/CYT/W), MaKClIMaJIbHaH MOJIeKYJIHpHaH BJIarO-
eMKOCTb BbIllIe 7 % .
B OTKocax KOTJIOBaHOB II KaHaB B CBH3lI C Me;:J:JIeHHbIM OrrJIbIBaHI-IeM
lIX cTeHoK, pacTeKaHlIeM neC'IaHbIX nopo;:J: II HeKoTopbIX pa3HocTeH cyrre-
ceH II cyrJIlIHKOB CKpbIToTeKY'IerO COCTOHHlIH B03MOMHbI ;:J:ecpopMall,lIlI.
I1cKycCTBeHHoe BO;:J:onOHlIMeHlIe B CTaplI'IHbIX neCKax 3aTpY;:J:HeHO BCJIe;:J:-
CTBlIe CJIa60H BO;:J:OOT;:J:a'IlI.
He06xo;:J:lIMO y'IecTb, 'ITO pa3pbIXJIeHlIe rYMyclIpoBaHHbIx pa3HocTeJ.'J
rJIlIHlICTbIX nopo;:J: B OTKocax KOTJIOBaHOB II KaHaB YClIJIlIT lIX pa3MoKae-
MOCTb.




CE,BEPHA5! OKPiAHHA YKPAHHCKOrO KPHCTAJl.ilH4. MACCHBA


383


f JIIIHIICTbIe rrOp0)J,bI C rrOBbIllIeHHOH Kap60HaTHOCTblO CrrOC06HbI 6bICTpO
pa3MOKaTb. CIIJIbH03aIIJIeHHbIe rJIIIHIICTbIe rrOpo)J,bI MorYT )J,aTb yca)J,KY npII
BbICbIXaHIIII.
KpaTKa5I XapaKTepIICTliKa IIHMeHepHO-reOJIorII4eCKIIX CBOHCTB aJIJIlO-
BIIaJIbHWX OTJIOMeHIIH YKa3WBaeT Ha IIX pa3H006pa3IIe B CB5I3II C II3MeHe-
HIIeM COCTaBa II YCJIOBIIH cpe)J,w.
CIIJIbHa5I 3a60JI04eHHOCTb BepXOBb5I )J,OJIIIHW, IlIIIpOKOe pa3BIITIIe CTa-
pII4HbIX rropo)J, YXY)J,llIalOT IIHMeHepHO-reOJIorII4eCKIIe YCJIOBII5I 3TOH TeppII-
TOpIIII.
f1ec4aHbIe aJIJIlOBIIaJlbHbIe OTJIOMeHII5I, 3a IICKJI104eHIIeM llJIbIByHOB,
HBJI5IlOTC5I HaII60JIee YCTOH4IIBbIMII II Ha)J,eMHbIMII B OCHOBaHIIII COOpY-
MeHIIll.
3aJIeraHIIe rJIIIHIICTWX rropo)J, B OCHOBaHIIII COOpYMeHIIH OrraCHO TeM,
4TO OHII 6Y)J,YT crrOC06CTBOBaTb HepaBHOMepHOCTII OCa)J,KOB.
B )J,OJIIIHe p. lLHerrpa aJIJIlOBIIll rrpe)J,CTaBJIeH TpeM5I CBIITaMII: rrOHMeH-
HOH II )J,BYX Ha)J,rrOHMeHHbIX TeppaC. B HIIX 4eTKO BbI)J,eJI5IlOTC5I OCHOBHbIe
<pall,IIII rrOHMeHHOrO, PYCJIOBOro II CTapII4HOro aJIJIlOBII5I.
AJIJllOBIIaJIbHaH TOJIIlI.a nOllMeHHOll TeppaCbI IIMeeT MOIlI.HOCTb, rrpeIIMY-
IlI.eCTBeHHO He rrpeBbIllIalOIlI.YlO 12 M, Ha HeKoTopbIX Y4aCTKax HIIMe rro
Te4eHHlO )J,OCTIIraeT 20-25 M. B rroHMeHHoM aJIJIlOBIIII npe06JIa)J,alOT
MeJIK03epHIIcTbIe neCKII )J,OBOJIbHO PbIXJIbIe (n=39-57% B pbIXJIOM!1
31-46% B yrrJIOTHeHHoM COCT05IHIIII). Ho 4aCTO pa3BIITbI cpe)J,II HIIX cyrrec-
4aHbIe II cyrJIIIHIICTbIe rrpOCJIOH, IIHor)J,a rYMycIIpoBaHHbIe. PYCJIOBOH aJIJIlO-
B
ll TaK Me, KaK II B )J,OJIIIHe p. f1pIIn5ITII, B BepXHeH 4aCTII COCTOIIT II3
MeJIK03epHIICTbIX )J,IIarOHaJIbHOCJIOHCTbIX neCKOB. B HIIMHell 4aCTII (B PYC-
JIOBOM aJIJIlOBIIII) pa3BHTbI npeIIMYIlI.eCTBeHHO cpe)J,He3epHIICTbIe rreCKII
C pe)J,KIIMII JIIIH3aMII KpyrrH03epHIICTbIX, rpaBeJIIICTbIX rreCKOB. CTapII4HbIe
rJIIIHIICTbIe rropO)J,bI, oc06eHHO 3aIIJIeHHbIe, HaCbIIlI.eHHbIe opraHII4eCKHMII
npIIMeC5IMII, CIIJIbHorII)J,paTIIpOBaHHbIe, HaXO)J,5ITC5I 06bI4HO B rrJI aCTII4HOM,
rrJIaCTH4HO-TeKY4eM II peMe CKpbITOTeKY4eM COCT05IHIIII.
MOIlI.HOCTb aJ1JIlOBIIaJIbHbIX OTJIOMeHHll rrepBOll Ha)J,llOHMeHHOH TeppaCbI
Ko.'!e6JIeTC5I B OCHOBHOM OT 1O)J,0 20 M. f10llMeHHbIH aJIJIlOBIIH (3-5 M
MOIlI.HOCTblO) COCTOIIT II3 MeJIK03epHHcTbIX, nbIJIeBaTbIX rreCKOB C MHor04IIC-
JIeHHbIMII JIHH3aMII II rrpOCJI05IMII cynecell II cyr JIIIHKOB, IIHor)J,a JIeCCOBOro
TIIrra. PyCJIOBOH aJIJIlOBIIll (10-12 M) rrpe)J,cTaBJIeH rreCKaMII MeJIKO-,
cpe)J,He- II KpyrrH03epHIIcTbIMII. f10pIICTOCTb rreCKOB B PbIXJIOM COCT05IHIIa
II3MeH5IeTC5I OT 40 )J,O 50 %, B yrrJIOTHeHHoM OT 30 )J,O 45 %. K03<p<pIIlI,IIeHT
<pIIJIbTpall,IIII rreCKOB KOJIe6JIeTCH B IlIIIpOKIIX rrpe)J,eJIax B 3aBIICIIMOCTII OT
COCTaBa BO)J,OBMeIlI.alOIlI.IIX rropo)J, (OT 0,2 )J,O 40-50 MI CYTKU).
AJIJIlOBHH BTOpOH Ha)J,rrollMeHHoH TeppacbI IIMeeT MeHblllYlO MOIlI.HOCTb,
II3MeH5I1OIlI.YlOC5I OT 5-7 )J,O 10-12 M. ::ho B OCHOBHOM rreCKII MeJIKO-
II cpe)J,He3epHIIcTbIe, B BepxHeH 4aCTII aJIJIlOBHaJIbHOH TOJIIlI.II C rrpOCJI05IMII
II .'!HH3aMII rJII1HIICTbIX rropo)J,. f1ec4aHbIe OTJIOMeHII5I xapaKTepII3ylOTC5I
)J,OBOJIbHO PbIXJIbIM CJIOMeHIIeM (rropIIcToCTb BapbIIpyeT OT 40 )J,O 54%
B PbIXJIOM COCT05IHIIII). KO.3<p<pIIlI,IIeHT <pIIJIbTpall,IIII (no e)J,IIHII4HbIM )J,aH-
HbIM) COCTaBJI5IeT 1,3-2 MlcYTKU. YrOJI eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca B CYXOM
COCT05IHIIII B cpe)J,HeM He rrpeBbIllIaeT 32°, rro)J, BO)J,OH - 28°.
KpaTKoe paccMoTpeHIIe OCHOBHoro pa3pe3a aJIJIlOBIIaJIbHbIX TOJIIlI.,
CJIaralOIlI.IIX )J,OJIIIHY p. lLHerrpa, YKa3bIBaeT Ha 06IlI.ee CXO)J,CTBO IIX JIIITO-
JIorII4eCKoro COCTaBa, CTpOeHII5I II o6IlI.ero COOTHOllleHII5I OCHOBHbIX
<pall,IIaJIbHbIX rpyrrrr C aJIJIlOBIIeM )J,OJIIIHbI p. f1pIIrr5ITII. f10.3TOMY MOMHO
rrOJIaraTb II 6JIII30CTb IIHMeHepHO-reOJIOrII4eCKIIx CBOHCTB aJIJIlOBIIaJIbHOrO
reOJIorO-reHeTII4eCKoro KOMrrJIeKCa nopo)J, B rrpe)J,eJIax 6acceHHoB 3TIIX peK.
fpYHTOBbIe BO)J,bI aJIJIlOBIIaJIbHbIX OTJIOMeHIIH BClO)J,y 3aJIeralOT HerJIy-
60KO OT rroBepxHocTII 3eMJIII. YpOBeHb rpYHToBbIX BO)J, Haxo)J,HTcH Ha rJIY-
6IIHe OT HYJI5I )J,O 2 M, peMe 3-5 M. Ero rrOJIOMeHIIe TeCHO CB5I3aHO




384


JIH)I(BHEPHO- rEOJlOrH4ECKA5! XAPAKTErPHCTHKA


-C MIIKpOpeJlbecpOM TeppaC H C H3MeHeHHeM HX BbICOTbI B;:I:O
b ;:I:OJlHH. YKJlOH
nOBepXHOCTH rpYHTOBbIX BO;:I: aJIJIlOBHaJlbHbIX OT JlO)KeHHH He3Ha4HTeJleH
(0,001-0,00024). B lI,eHTpaJlbHOH 4aCTH 00JleCb5I OH HanpaBJleH B CTOPOHY
pyc.lla peKH, a 06Il1,ee HanpaBJleHHe ;:I:Bll-)KeHH5I rpYHToBbIX BO;:I: COBna;:I:aeT
C HanpaBJleHHeM Te4eHH5I p. OpHn5ITH.
rpYHToBbIe BO.QbI aJlJllOBH5I nOBceMeCTHO rH;:I:paBJlH4eCKH CB5I3aHbI
C nO;:I:3eMHbIMH BO;:I:aMH nO;:I:CTHJlalOIlI,HX 4eTBepTH4HbIX H ;:I:04eTBepTH4HbIX
OTJlO)KeHHH, ;:I:JI5I KOTOpbIX ;:I:OJlHHbI 3THX peK CJIY)KaT 30HOH pa3rpY3KH.
00 xHMH4ecKoMY cocTaBY BO;:I:bI aJlJllOBH5I OTHOC5ITC5I K rH;:I:pOKap60-
HaTHO-KaJlbUHeBoMy THny C 06Il1,eH MHHepaJlH3aUHeH 0,4-0,6 ciA.. Ha
OT;:I:eJlbHbIX Y4acTKa'x ;:I:OJlHHbI p. OpI1il5ITH (Me)K;:I:y )KHTKoBH4aMH H Mo-
3bIpeM) OTMe4alOTC5I rpYHToBbIe BO.QbI XJlOpH;:I:HO-HaTpHeBoro THna C 06Il1,eH
MImepaJlH3aUHeH OT 1 ;:I:O 12 ciA. H 60Jlee, BCJle;:I:CTBHe nO.QTOKa MHHepaJlH-
30BaHHbIX BO;:I: naJle030HCKHX OTJlO)KeHHH (K03JlOB, 1960).
06Il1,a5I )KeCTKOCTb B Cpe;:I:HeM COCTaBJl5IeT 1-3 Me' aK8. KOHueHTpa-
UH5I BO;:I:OpO.QHbIX HOHOB (pH) KOJle6JleTC5I OT 5,5 ;:I:O 7,6, 4aIll,e paBHa 6-7.
Ha HeKoTopbIX, rJlaBHbIM 06pa30M 3a60Jl04eHHbIx, Y4aCTKax OTMe4aeTC5I
HaJlH4He CJla60H 06Il1,eKHCJlOTHOH H yrJleKHCJlOH arpeccHBHoCTH.
Ha nOBepxHOCTH nOHM H Ha;:I:nOHMeHHbIx Teppac B ;:I:OJlHHaX peK OpH-
n5ITH H D.Henpa HHTeHCHBHO npoTeKalOT 60JlOT006pa30BaTeJlbHbIe npo-
ueCCbI. OHTaHHe 60JlOT npOHcxO.QHT 3a C4eT BO;:I: peK B nepHO;:I: naBO.QKOB,
nO.QTOKa nO;:I:3eMHbIX BO;:I: H aTMoccpepHbIx OCa;:I:KOB.
Oec4aHbIe HaKOnJleHH5I 6 bIB III HX npHpYCJlOBbIX BaJlOB 3THX Teppac
nO;:I:Bep)KeHbI nepeBeBaHHlO. 00 6eperaM peK Hepe;:I:KO Ha6Jlio;:I:alOTC5I 06py-
IIIeHH5I, HHOr;:I:a OnOJl3HH.
Ha TeppHTopHH norD paHOHa rJly6HHa npOMep3aHH5I B Cpe;:I:HeM MO)KeT
;:I:OCTHraTb 35-45 CM (npH HaJlH4HH CHerOBoro nOKpoBa), 70 CM B 3ana;:I:-
HOH H 90 CM B BOCT04HOH 4aCT5IX paHoHa (npH OTCYTCTBHH CHerOBoro
nOKpoBa) .
OUeHHBa5I HH)KeHepHO-reOJlOrH4eCKHe YCJlOBH5I .QOJlHH 3THX peK, CJle-
Jl.yeT OTMeTHTb TaKHe He6JlarOnpH5ITHbIe cpaKTopbI, KaK CHJlbHa5I 06BO;:I:HeH-
HOCTb aJlJllOBHaJlbHbIX TOJlIll" 3a60Jl04eHHOcTb, nJlbIBY4eCTb neCKOB, HaJlH4He
npOCJlOeB H JlHH3 BbICOKOnJlaCTH4HbIX rJlHHHCTbIX nopO;:I:, HHOr;:I:a 3aHJleHHbIX
H 3aTopcpoBaHHbIx.
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HbIX YCTOH4HBbIMH neC4aHbIMH nopo.QaMH, C rJly6HHoH 3aJleraHH5I rpyHTo-
BbIX BO;:I: 60Jlee 2-3 M, BnOJlHe npHrO;:I:HbI ;:I:Jl5I B03Be;:I:eHH5I pa3JlH4HbIX
coopY)KeHHH.


PaHOH npeuMy
ecTBeHHoro pa3BUTUSI TOP«!JSlHO-UJIUCTbIX nopO;:I: reOJloro-
reHeTH4eCKoro KOMnJIeKCa o3epHO-6oJIOTHbIX OTJIOJKeHUH (hhQIII-IV)


P aHOH pacnOJlO)KeH B OOJleCCKOH HH3MeHHOCTH. 03epHO-60JlOTHbIe
06pa30BaHH5I paHoHa 06'be;:I:HH5I1OTC5I B CJle.QYlOIlI,He HH)KeHepHO-reOJlorH4e-
CKHe rpynnbI: a) TOpcp (TOpcp, 4aCTO nec4aHHcTbIH, C npOCJlOHKaMH HJla);
6) neC4aHbIe nOpO;:I:bI (MeJlK03epHHcTbIe neCKH, 3aHJleHHbIe H 3aTopcpoBaH-
HbIe); B) neC4aHbIe nOpO;:I:bI co CB5I3HbIMH (MeJlK03epHHCTbIe neCKH, TOHKHe
3aHJleHHbIe cynecH, cyrJlHHKH H rJlHHbI).
MOIll,HOCTb CJl05I Topcpa He60JlbIIIa5I B OCHOBHOM He npeBbIlliaeT 2-3 M.
3aHJleHHbIe H 3aTopcpoBaHHbIe neCKH, cynecH H cyrJlHHKH TaK)Ke MaJlOMOIll,-
HbIe (;:I:O 1,0 M), 4aIll,e Bcero 3aJleralOT B OCHOBaHHH TOpcp5IHbIX TOJlIll,.
Topcp TpaB5IHHCTbIH, MXOBbIH, 4aCTO C npHMecblO ;:I:peBeCHHbI, pa3HoH
CTeneHH pa3JlO)KeHH5I, npeHMYIll,eCTBeHHo XOpOlliO pa3JlO)KHBIIIHHC5I, B5I3KHH,
CH.TJbH03aHJleHHbIH. K03cpcpHlI,HeHT cpHJlbTpaUHH TOpcpOB KOJle6JleTC5I OT 0,02
;:I:O 6 MlcYTKU. 3TO CHJlbHOBJlarOeMKHe, CJla60BO;:I:OnpOHHuaeMbIe nOpO;:I:bI,




3AKJIIOlJEHHE


0606rn:eHlIe 60JIbIllOrO <paKTlIqeCKOrO MaTeplIaJIa Ha TeppHTOpHH EeJIo-
PYCCIIH rrOKa3bIBaeT, qTO IJ,eHTp3JIbHYIO ee qaCTb 33HlIMaeT KpliCTaMlIIqe-
CKHH M3CClIB (rJIy6IIHa 3aJIeraHH5l 1I3Bep)KeHHbIX rrqpO)1, OT IIOBepXHOCTII
3eMJIlI B rrpe)1,eJIax 60-300 M). K BOCTOKY OT Hero rrpOCJIe)KIIBaIOTC5l
CKJIOHbI MOCKOBCKoro 3pTe3lIaHCKoro 6acceHHa, K lOry npIIrr5lTCK35l Brra-
)1,IIH3, K 33rra)1,Y EpeCTCKa5l Brra)1,IIHa (EeJIOpYCCKO-nOJIbCK35l) II K ceBepo-
33rra)1,y JIIITOBCKO-nOJIbCKa5l. B rrpe)1,eJI3X CKJIOHOB KpIICTaJIJIIIqeCKOrO
MaCCIIBa II3Bep)KeHHble rrOp0)1,bI 3aJIeralOT H3 rJIy6IIH3X CBbIllie 500 M,
3 B )1,errpeCCII5lX - 60JIee 1500-3500 M. CooTHollieHIIe YKa33HHbIX BbIllie
CTpyKTyp C KpIICT3JIJIIIqeCKIIM M3CCIIBOM II )1,pyr C )1,pyroM B p5l)1,e CJIyq3eB
He)1,OCT3TOqHO 5lCHO II Tpe6yeT )1,aJIbHeHIllIIx YTOqHeHIIH rro Mepe HaKOrrJIe-
HII5l HOB oro <p3KTIIqeCKOrO MaTepH3JIa.
EeJIOpYCCKIIH KpIICTaJIJIHQeCKHH MaCCIIB, 3aHIIM35l 60.rree BbICOKoe rrOJIO-
)KeHIIe rro OTHOllieHIIIO K YKa3aHHbIM BbIllie )1,errpeCCH5lM, IIrp3eT OCHOBHYIO
pO.'Ib B rrHT3HIIH, )1,IIH3MIIKe, rII)1,pOXHMIIII, reOTepMHKe II 30HaJIbHOCTII rro.a-
3eMHbIX BO)1, B rrpe.aeJ13
 He TOJIbKO rrJIorn:3.a1I CBoero pacnOJIO)KeHII5l, HO
II rrpIIJIeralOrn:HX K HeMY CTPYKTyp3X. B CB5l3II C .9TIIM B IJ,eHTp3JIbHOH (HalI-
60JIee BbICOKOH) QaCTII ero 33JIer3HII5l BO BceH TOJIrn:e PbIXJIbIX OTJIO)KeHIIH
II BepXHeH 30He KpIICTaJIJIIIQeCKIIX rropo)1, pacrrpOCTpaHeH
 rrpeCH
e BO)1,

rII)1,pOK3p60H3THO-KaJIbIJ,IIeBOro TIIrr3 Ha rJIy6IIHY 300-400 M II 60JIee
C MIIHepaJIII33IJ,IIeH B rrpe)1,eJI3X )1,0 300 Me/A.. Ha CKJIOH3X M3CClIBa MOlIJ,-
HOCTb 30HbI rrpeCHbIX BO)1, YMeHbIllaeTC5l )1,0 250 M rrplI H3JIIIQIIII B pa3pe3e
pbIXJlbIX rropo)1, MlIHep3JIII30BaHHblx rrO)1,3eMHblX BO)1, cYJIb<paTHoro II XJIO-
pII.aHo-Ka.TIbIJ,IIeBOrO TIIrra C 06lIJ,eu IIX MIIHepaJIII3aIJ,IIeH OT 4 .ao 12 e/_1
(MIIHCK, EOPIICOB, E06pYUCK, POraQeB II )1,p.). B rJIy60KlIx .aerrpeCCII5lX
MOlIJ,HOCTb 30HbI rrpecHblx BO)1" C MIIHepaJIII33IJ,IIei1 .ao 400 Me/A., He rrpeBbI-
IllaeT 250-150 M, 3a IICKJIIOQeHIIeM OT.aeJIbHbIX p3HOHOB (MorIIJIeB). 30Ha
cYJIb<paTHblx II cYJIb<paTHO-XJIOpII.aHbIX BO)1, C MIIHepaJIII3aIJ,IIeu )1,0 20 elA.
IIMEeT MOlIJ,HOCTb )1,0 600-800 M. HII)Ke rJIy6IIHbI 1000 M B pa3pe3e PbIXJIbIX
TOJIlIJ, Ha6JIIO)1,3IOTC5l rrO)1,3eMHble B 0)1, bI XJIOpII)1,HOrO TlIrra C MIIHep3JIII33-
IJ,IIeH OT 30 )1,0 350 elA. II 6oJIee.
BbI5lBJIeHHble 3aKoHoMepHocTII IIMelOT 60JIbIllOe HaYQHOe II rrpaKTIIQe-
CKoe 3HaQeHIIe C TOQKII 3peHII5l rrOIICKOB rrO)1,3eMHbIX BO)1, )1,JI5l IJ,eJIeH BO)1,O-
cHa6)KeHII5l, rrpOMbIIllJIeHHOrO II KypopTHoro IIcrrOJIb30B3HII5l. OHII rr03BO-
JI5lIOT TaK)Ke peIllaTb BorrpocbI CeJIbCKOX035lUCTBeHHoro OCBOeHH5l 3a60JIo-
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IICrrOJIb30BaHII5l rrpOII3BO)1,IITeJIbHbIX CIIJI H3 TeppIITopIIII ECCP.
B pecrry6.rrliKe rro rrJIaHaM rrepcrreKTIIBHoro p33BIITII5l ee X035lHCTBa
B 6JIII)KaHIllIIe 15-20 .'leT rrpe)1,ycMaTpIIBaeTC5l 3HaQIITeJIbHOe pacIllIIpeHHe
rrpe)1,rrpIIHTIIH TH)KeJIOH II XIIMIIQeCKOH rrpOMbIIllJIeHHOCTII COlO3Horo II pec-
rry6JIliK3HCKoro 3Ha QeHII5l, )1,aJIbHeHIllIIe pa60TbI rro oCYllieHIIIO 3a60JIoQeH-
HbIX MaccIIBoB, pa3BIITlIIO CeJIbCKOrO X035lHCTB3, pacIllIIpeHIIIO cYlIJ,eCTBYIO-
lIJ,IIX II CTpOIITeJIbCTBY HOBbIX BO)1,HbIX rrYTeu rro npIIrr5lTII, HeM3HY, Eyry
II .IJ:Herrpy C BbIXO)1,OM B LIepHoe II EaJITIIHCKOe MOp5l. B 6JIII)KaHIllIIe rO)1,bI
H3MeQaeTC5l CTpOI-ITeJIbCTBO KaHaJIa H3 p. BIIJIIIH )1,JI5l 06BO)1,HeHII5l p. CB!1C-




3AKJI104EHHE


387


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J.f 6JlarOYCTpaJ.fBaTbCH CYllleCTBYlOlllJ.fe rOpOJI,a J.f CTpOJ.fTbCH HOBbIe. Bce 3TH-
06'beKTbI nOTpe6YlOT JI,onOJlHHTeJIbHbIe J.fCT04HHKJ.f BOJI,OCHa6MeHHH J.f J.fC4ep-
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llleM TOMe Heo6xoJI,J.fMbIe JI,aHHbIe npJ.fBOJI,HTCH B TeKCTe J.fJIJ.f Ha Ka pTax.
B CBH3J.f C 3TJ.fM B Ka4eCTBe nepB004epeJI,HOH 3aJI,a4J.f Ha 6JlJ.fMaHIl1J.fe
rOJI,bI HBJIHeTCH rrpOJI,OJlMeHJ.fe rHJI,pOreOJlOrJ.f4eCKOH C'beMKJ.f TeppJ.fTOpmf
BCCP B MacllITa6e 1 : 200000 J.f KpynHee, a B OTJI,eJIbHbIX paHoHax, C BbI-
nOJlHeHJ.feM He06xoJI,HMbIX pa60T no ou.eHKe eCTeCTBeHHblX pecypcoB noJI,-
3eMHbIX BOJI,. no HaJ.f60.IIee KpynHbIM rrpOMbIIlIJleHHbIM Y3JlaM, rOpOJI,aM
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B perHOHaJlbHOM acrreKTe, a TaKMe COCTaB.T1eHJ.fH KapT nporH03a peMHMa
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KaHaJlOB. BOJlblliOH J.f BaMHoH np06JIeMOH JI,JlH BeJIoPYccJ.fJ.f HBJlHeTCH
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B Ka4eCTBe nOJ.fCKOBbIX KpHTepJ.feB Ha pa3JIJ.f4HbIe MeTaJlJlbi. D.JlH 3TOH u.eJlH
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JI,YMaTb Bonpoc 06 HCnOJlb30BaHHH, JI,JlH u.eJleH ocyweHJ.fH, BepTJ.fKaJlbHOrO
JI,peHaMa, KOTOpbIH JI,aCT B03MOMHOCTb perYJlHpOBaTb BeJIJ.f4J.fHY OCYllIeHHH
B TOM J.f.IIJ.f J.fHOM paHOHe C Y4eTOM rrOCTaBJleHHOH 3aJI,a4J.f J.f 60JIee llIJ.fpOKO
J.fcnOJlb30BaTb OTKa4J.fBaeMbIe nOJI,3eMHbIe BOJI,bI ,IJ,JIH u.e.IIeH BOJI,OCHa6MeHHH,
25*




JIHTEPATYPA


ArpOKJJIIMaTI!'JeCKI!H cnpaBO'JHI!K no Be.l0PYCCKOH CCP. rHJI,POMeTH3J1,aT, 1958.
A K I! M e l\ B. C. HOBbIe Jl,aHHbIe 0 BepXHeMeJJOBbIX OTJJO)KeHH5!X rpOJJ.HeHCKOH 06na-
CTII. LJ:AH BCCP, 1959, T. III, N2 6.
A K H M e l\ B. C. CTpaTHrpaljJH5I H 1jJ0paMHHHljJepbI BepXHeMeJJOBbIX OT.10)KeHIIH De-
JlOpYCCHI!. B c6.: «ITaJJeOHTOJJOfl!5! H cTpaTHrpaljJH5! BCCP», c6. 3. H3J1,. AH BCCP, 1961.
A p M a III e B C K I! H H. 51. 3aMeTKa 0 6YPOBOH CKBa)KI!He B r. rOMeJJe. 3al1. Kl!eBcK.
06-Ba eCTeCTBOllcn. T. XVI, BbIn. I, 1897.
ATJJac BCCP. H3JJ:. AH BCCP. rJJaBHOe ynpaBJJeHl!e reOJl,e31!H I! KapTorpaljJHII MBj],
CCCP. MIIHCK - MocKBa, 1958.
ATJIac naJJeoreorpaljJllqeCKI!X KapT YCCP I! MOJJJI,aBCKOH CCP. 113!(. AH YCCP,
1960.
B a 6 II H e l\ A. E. Oc06eHHocTI! reoTepMII'JecKoro pe)KIIMa II I1pH'JIIHbI aHOMaJlbHoro
Tel1JJa B nJJaTljJopMeHHoil 'JaCTII YKpallHCKoH II MOJJJI,aBCKOH CCP. «reOJJOrlltJeCKIIH )K.»,
T. 17, BbII1. I.
B a 6 I! H e l\ A. E. MIIHepaJJI!30BaHHbIe BOJl,bI IOro-3anaJJ:HoH 'JaCTII PYCCKOH I1JJaT-
1jJ0pMbI B CB5!31! C JJ:aJJbHeHIlII!MI! nepcneKTIIBaMI! ee HeljJTeHocHocTII. B c6.: «reOJI., cTpa-
THrpaljJ. H HeljJTeHocHocTb BOCT. 06JJ. YKpallllbI». H3!(. AH YCCP, 1959.
B a 6 H H e l\ A. E. IToJJ.3eMHble BOJl,bI IOrO-3anaJl,a PYCCKOH nJJaTljJopMbl. H3JJ.. AH
YCCP, 1961.
B e JJ 51 K 0 B M. <P. feoTepMII'JecKl!lt H3MepeHI!5! B Be.10pycCIIH. «HeIjJT. X-BO»,
1954, JII'!> 11.
B e p 3 II H a fl. K. Pe3YJJbTaTbI 113Y'JeHH5! 6aJJaHCa rpYHTOBbIX BOJl, no CTal\I!OHapHbIM
Ha6JJIOJI,eHII5!M. 113B. AH BCCP, N2 3, cep. IjJH3.-MaT. HaYK, 1960.
B e p 3 H H a J1. K. XapaKTepHCTHKa nOJl,3eMHbIX BOJl, CpeJl,HenaJIe030HCKHX OT.10)Ke-
HHH pafroHa EJJbCKOH CTPYKTypbI ITpl!n5!TCKOrO nporH6a. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbIn. 111,
1961.
Be p 3 H H a J1. K. 0 nOJl,3eMHbIX BOJJ:ax nOJJ:COJJeBbIX OT,10)KeHH
I JJ:eBOHa ITp1l115!T-
CKoro I1pofl!6a. H3B. AH BCCP, 1962, T. VI, N2 2.
Be p 3 H H a J1. K. Pe)KHM rpYHTOBbIX BOJl, B BOCTOtJHOH 'JaCTII ITpl!n5!TCKOrO 110-
JleCb5!, B paHOHe M03bIp5! H KaJJHHKOBH'JeH. H3JJ:. «HaYKa I! TeXHI!Ka», MI!HCK, 1964.
B H H JI, e M a H H. H. Ol\eHKa .3KCnJJyaTal\HOHHbIX 3anaCOB 110Jl,3eMHbIX BOJl,. rOCreO.l-
TeXI!3J1,aT, 1963.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B r. B. rHJI,pOreOJJOrH'JeCKl!e I!CCJJeJl,OBaHI!5! !(eBOHCKoro BOJJ:OHOCHoro
rOpH30H'ra B OKpeCTHOCT5!X r. MHHCKa. Tp. IIH-Ta fllJl,pOTeXreo, 1929.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B f. B. H B e B HOp 0 B C K a 51 M. A. rllJl,pOreOJJOfl!tJeCKHe HCC"leJl,O-
BaHI!5! B 6acceHHe p. CBHCJJOtJb. MaTepl!aJJbI no 1!3ytJ. reOJJ., mJJ:p. II nOJJ. HCKOI1. BCCP,
T. VII. H3JJ:. AH BCCP (Ha 6eJJOpYCCK. 513.), 1933.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B f. B. feOJJOrHtJeCKHe H rHJI,poreOJIOrHtJeCKHe YCJIOBH5I TeppIlTOpHI!
DCCP. fHJJ:poreOJJom5! CCCP. «BeJJOpYCCKa5! CCP», 1937.
B 0 rOM 0,10 B f. B., f e pac II MOB 11. f., LJ: y x a H I! H a B. H. CnpaBOtJHIIK
K 0630pHbIM CXeMaTl!tJeCKI!M rllJJ:poreOJJOmtJeCKI!M KapTaM l\eHTpaJJbIlOH TeppHTOp1!1I BCCP.
JI.-M., 1941.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B f. B. feOJJOfl!tJeCKHe CTpYKTYPbI BeJJOPycCI!H I! KpaTKa5! xapaKTepH-
CTI!Ka JJ.O'JeTBepTl!tJHoro I! COBpeMeHHoro peJJbeljJa. B c6.: «feoJJom5! H 110JJe3HbIe IICKOl1ae-
Mble BCCP», c6p. 1. 113JJ:. AH BCCP, 1946.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B f. B. I10Jl,3eMHbIe BOJJ:bI BCCP C aTJJaCOM reO,10rIlQeCKIIX H rll;J.po-
reOJJOrl!tJeCKI!X KapT H pa3pe30B K HI!M. H3JJ:. AH BCCP, 1947.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B f. B. feOJJOrHtJeCKl!e HCCJJeJl,OBaHI!5! B TIOJJeCbe B CB5!31! C ero ocy-
IlIeHHeM. B c6.: «feoJJofl!5! I! nOJJe3HbIe HCKonaeMbIe BCCP», c6. 2. H3JJ:. AH BCCP, 1948.
B 0 rOM 0 JI 0 B f. B. XapaKTep Hanopa nOJl,3eMHbIX BOJJ: Ha TeppHTOpl!H BCCP.
S c6.: «feOJJOrH5! I! nOJJe3HbIe HCKonaeMbIe BCCP», c6. 2. H3J1,. AH BCCP, 1948.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 II f. B. HeKOTopble 3aKOHOMepHOCTH YPOBeHHoro pe)KHMa BOJl,OHOCHbIX
ropH30HTOB KopeHHbIX nopoJl, B IO)KHOH tJaCTH BCCP. H3B. AH BCCP, 1949, Ng I.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B f. B. PeJl,Kl!e KOMnOHeHTbI npl! 1jJ0pMI!pOBaHI!lI nOJl,3eMHbIX BOJl, my-
OOKHX rOpI!30HTOB. Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BblTI. I, 1958.




390


JIHTEPATYPA


B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B r. B. HeKOTopbIe ,n:aHHbIe 0 reOTepMI!'JeCKIIX YCJJOBH5!X TeppllTOpl!H
BeJJoPyccKOr1: CCP I! I1pl!JJeralOlJ]IIX par1:0HOB. B KH.: «ITp06JJeMa reOTepMI!H I! I1paKTII-
qeCKOrO I!CI10.%30BaHII5! Tel1JJa 3eMJJH», T. 1. H3JJ.. AH CCCP, 1959.
B 0 rOM 0 JI 0 B r. B. feOJJOrl!'JecKl!e CTpYKTYPbI l\eHTpaJlbHOH I! 3al1aJJ.HOH 'JacTeH
PYCCKOH I1JJaTljJopMbI II I!X pOJJb B pacl1peJJ.eJJeHI!H I! 1jJ0pMHpOBaHlII! 110JJ.3eMHbIx BOJJ..
'fp. HfH AH BCCP, BbIl1. II. H3,n:. AH BCCP, 1960.
B 0 rOM 0 JJ 0 B r. B., K 0 3 JJ 0 B M. <P. HeKOTopbIe 3aKOHOMepHOCTlI pacl1peJJ.eJJe-
HlI5! pa3J11!'JHbIX XI!MI!'JeCKI!X THI10B 110)J.3eMHbIX BOJJ. Ha Teppl!TOpll1! BCCP. T e3HCbI JJ.OKJI.
COBelJ]aHI!5I 110 1!3Y'J. reOXI!MII'J. I! 61!0reOXIIMI!'J. rrpOBI!Hl\I!H TeppllTOpHI! BCCP. H3;1..
AH 5CCP, 1960.
13 0 rOM O.
 0 B f. B., 51 H III II HaM. c., IT.
 0 T H I! K 0 B a f. H., cP JJ e p 0 B a J1. H.
1l0JJ.3eMHbIe BOJJ.bI l\eHTpaJJbHOH H 3al1a,n:HOr1: 'JacTeH PyCCKOH I1JJaTljJopMbI (l1aJJe030H).
113JJ.. AH 5CCP, 1962.
50 rOM 0 JI 0 B f. B., B e p 3 I! H a fl. K fll,n:poreOJJorl!'JecKlIe YCJJOBH5! HeKOTOpbL\
HelpTeHocHbIX CTPYKTYP ITpl!115!TCKoro I1porl!6a. B c6.: «feonOfH5! I! rllJJ.poreo.l0fH5! ITpH-
rr5ITCKOrO rrpOfl!6a». H3,n:. AH BCCP, 1963.
50 rOM 0 JI 0 B f. B., IT pOT ace H 51 LJ:. f. TepManbHbIe BO)J.bI CCCP I! BonpOCbI
IIX TeI1JJO.3HepreTI!'JeCKoro HCI10JIb30BaHII5I. 113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1963.
B 0 H ,n: ape H K 0 B. B. K BOl1pOCY reOJJOfl!'JeCKoro IICTOJJKOBaHlI5! MarHIITHoro 110.151
rIpl!115ITCKOI1 Bl1aJJ.I!HbI Ha IOrO-BOCTOKe 5CCP. H3B. AH 5CCP, 1955, oN'!> 1.
B 0 H,n: ape H K 0 5. B., K p a B 'I Y K LJ:. H. TeKToHII'JecKoe paHOHl!pOBaHl!e TIp1l115IT-
CKOH Bl1a)J.I!HbI 110 JJ.aHHbIM 'JI!CJJeHHOrO aHaJJH3a aHOMaJJl!1! CI!JJbI T5I)KeCTH. LJ:AH BCCP,
1960, T. IV, N2 12.
B 0 H JJ. ape H K 0 B. B., X 0 T b K 0 )K. IT. OCHoBHble 'JepTbI TeKTOHI!KII 5pecTcKoH
Bl1aJJ.IIHbI. Tp. HrH AH BCCP, BbII1. 111, 1961.
5 0'1 e Be p <P. H., Be p I! r I! H H. H. MeToJJ.I!'JecKoe l1oc06He 110 pac'JeTaM .3KCnJJya-
Tal\I!OHHHbIX 3al1aCOB 110JJ.3eMHbIX BOJJ. JJ.JJ5! BOJJ.ocHa6)KeHI!5!. CTpOHII3,n:aT, 1961.
B p Y H C E. IT. CTpaTlIrpaljJ1!5! H TeKTOHHKa l1a/1e030HcKHX oT.
O)KeHHij ceBepo-3a-
naJJ.HoH OKpal!HbI LJ:HenpOBCKo-LJ:oHel\KOH BnaJJ.I!HbI. «CoBeTCKa5I reOJJorI!5!», 1955, N2 45.
5 P Y H C E. TI. HCTOpH5! pa3BlITI!5! ITpl!115!TCKOrO nporll6a B l1aJJe030e. MaTepllaJJbI
BCErEH, BbII1. 14, 1956.
5 P Y H C E. TI. CTpaTI!rpaljJ1!5! JJ.eBOHCKIIX II .1\OOP)J.OBIIKCKHX OTJ;O)KeHI!H 3al1a!(HOH
tJaCTII PYCCKOH TIJJaTlpopMbI. «CoBeTCKa5! reOJJOrIl5!», 1957, J\i'g 59.
B a p a B a K IT. IToJJ.3eMHbIe BO!(bI YKpal!HCKorO ITo.1eCb5!. H3.1\. AH YCCP, KHeB,
1959 (Ha YKpaHHCK. 513.). ..
B e B II 0 P 0 B C K a 51 M. A. K BOl1pOCY 0 JJ.peHl!pOBaHHII rpYHTOBbIX BOJJ. PYCJJaMH
peK. C6. CTaTeH 110 BOl1pOCaM rllJJ.poreOJJ. II I!H)KeHep. reOJJ. H3JJ.. Mry, 1962.
B II H 0 K Y P 0 B CP. IT., T e T e p K I! H A. E., IT H T e p M a H M.. A. CTpOIlTeJJbHble
CBOHcTBa TOpljJ5IHbiX rpYHTOB. H3JJ.. AH BCCP, 1962.
B 0 3 H 51 'I Y K J1. H. OTJJO)KeHH5! nOCJJeJJ.Hero Me)K,leJJ.HI!KOBb5! Ha TeppIITOp1l1! Beno-
PYCCHI!. 1\1aTepllaJJbl 110 aHTp0l10reHY 5eJJOPYCCHlI K VI KOHrpeccy HHKBA B BapIllaBe.
H3JJ.. AH BCCP, 1961.
raT a /1 b C K II H M. A. TIOJJ.3eMHbIe BO)J.bI I! ra3bl l1a.1e0305! ceBepHOH nO.10BIIHbl
PYCCKOH nJJaTljJopMbI. fOCT0I1TexH3JJ.aT, 1954.
raT a JJ b C K H H M. A. OueHKa l1epCneKTI!B HeljJTera30HOCHOCTH PYCCKOH nJJaTljJopMbI
110 rHJJ.pOXIIMlI'IeCKI!M 110Ka3aTeJJ5!M. Q'JepKH 110 reOJJorl!1! CCCP. Tp. BHHfPH, T. 3,
BbIl1. 1Il, 1957.
raT a JJ b C K II H 1\1. A. feoJJof!l5!, rl!JJ.poreo.1OfH5! H HeljJTeHocHocTb BeJIoPycclIl!.
l'ocT0I1TexII3JJ.aT, 1963.
feoJJorll5! CCCP, T. 111. «BeJJopyccKa5! CCP», focreo,11l3)J.aT, 1947.
r 0 JJ Y 6 l\ 0 B B. K. CTpaTl!rpaljJlI'JecKa5! cxeMa l1epMO-Tpl!aCa ITpl!115!TCKOrO npo-
fl!6a (IOro-BocTOK 5CCP). Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BbIl1. I. H3JJ.. AH 5CCP, 1958.
r 0 JJ Y 6 l\ 0 B B. K, K e JJ. 0 r. H., M a x H a 'I A. c., <P Y P C e H K 0 A. B. CTpaTII-
rpaljJ1I5! l1aJJe0305! TIpHI15!TCKOrO I1porll6a. B c6.: «feOJJOfI!'JecKoe cTpoeHHe II HeljJTeHoc-
HOCTb BOCTO'JHbIX 06JJaCTeH YKpaHHbl». H3JJ.. AH YCCP, 1959.
f 0 JJ Y 6 l\ 0 B B. K. HeKoTopbIe JJ.aHHbIe 0 crpaTl!rpaljJHI! TpllacoBbIx oT.
O)KeH!lii
3al1aJJ.HoH 'JaCTH BeJJopyccHI!. Tp. KOHIp. rro BOl1p. Me303051 II KaHH0305I ITpH6aJITHKlI H
BeJJOpyccHI!. H3JJ.. AH J1HTCCP, 1960.
f 0 JJ Y 6 l\ 0 B B. K TpH3coBbIe OTJJO)KeHH5! TIpHI15!TCKOrO rrpofl!6a. Tp. BcecOI03H.
COBelJ]. 110 l1epeCMOTpy YHHIjJHl\HpOBaH. cxeMbI Me30305!. fOCT0I1TexH3JJ.aT, 1960.
f 0 JJ Y 6l\ 0 B B. K, M a x H a 'I A. C. <Pal\HII Teppl!TOpHI! BeJJoPyccl!H B l1aJJe030e
II paHHeM Me3030e. 113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1961.
fop e JJ H K 3. A., X a p 'I H K 0 B IT. K. 06 IICTOpHII ljJopMlIpOBaHH5! COJJ5!HbIX CTPYK-
TYP H HeKOTopbIX 3aJJ.a'Jax rrOHCKOB HeepTI! Ha TeppHTopHII ITPHI15ITCKOH Bl1aJJ.HHbl. «feo-
nOrH5! HeljJTH H ra3a», 1961, N2 10.
LJ: a HOB H 'I LJ:. A. AHaJJH3 MIIHHMaJJbHOrO CTOKa H 06YCJIOBnIlBalOw.I!X ero ljJaKTO-
pOB Ha I1pl!Mepe peK BCCP. Tp. ffH, BbII1. 27, 1950.
LJ: e M e H T b eBB. A. COBpeMeHHbIe reoMopljJOJJOrH'JecKHe I1pOl\eCCbI Ha TeppHTopHH
fieJJOPYOCHH. Tp. reorp. ljJaK. BfY, BblIJ. 2, MHHCK, 1958.




JIHTEPATYPA


391


LJ: 351M e H b l\ b e H B. A., III K JJ 51 P A. X., 51 K Y III K a C. <P. TIpbIpoAa BeJJapyci
(C!JiaiKa-reorpaljJi'lHbI arJJ5!,n:). 113,n:. BfY, 1959. '
LJ: e M e H T b eBB. A., J1 Y K a III e B K. H. BonpocbI reorpaljJuH BeJJOPyccHH. 113J1,.
AH BCCP, 1960.
LJ: e M e H T b eBB. A. OCHoBHbIe 'JepTbI peJJbeljJa I! reoMopljJOJJOfl!'JecKHe paHoHbI Be-
.
OPYCCHIJ. BOl1pOCbI reorp. BeJJOpyccHH, BbII1. 1. 113J1,. AH BCCP, 1960.
LJ: 3 H JJ H a H. A. 06 HH)KeHepHO-reOJJOfH'JeCKIIX CBOHCTBax MepreJIbHO-MeJJOBbIX no-
pOJl, BOCTO'JHOH 'JaCTII BCCP. BOl1pOCbI reorpaljJl!l! BeJJOPyccHH, BbII1. 1. 113J1,. AH BCCP
1960. '
D: 3 H.
 H a 11. A. I1H)KeHepHO-reOJJOfH'JeCKIJe CBOHCTBa MepreJlbHO-MeJJOBbIX 110pOJl,
IOrO-BOCTO'JHOH 'JaCTH Be.
opycCKoii CCP (6acceHH p. CO)K). ABTopeljJ. 113J1,. AH BCCP,
1961.
LJ: IJ K e H III T e H H f. X., J1 e B IJ H a J1. M. [I! Jl,p.]. feoJJOrIJ'JecKoe cTpoeHHe H
l1epCl1eKTHBbI HeljJTera30HOCHOCTI! npH6aJJTHKH H BeJlOpyccHH. Tp. BHl1fHI1, BbII1. XVIII,
1959.
LJ: Y x a H I! H a B. 11., P 0 JI, U 0 HOB H. B., C e M I! X a T 0 B A. H. KapTa rpYHTOBbIX
BOJl, EBpOl1eHCKOH 'JaCTIJ CCCP. fOCreOJJTeXIJ3!(aT, 1958.
LJ: Y x a H H H a B. 11. [H ,n:p.]. KapTa OCHOBHbIX BOJl,OHOCHbIX rOpl!30HTOB EBpol1eii-
cKoii 'laCTI! CCCP MacllITa6a 1: 1 500000 (JI,JJ5! l\eJleH BOJl,OcHa6)KeHI!5!). fOCreOJJTeX-
1I3,n:aT, 1960.
)K IJ JJ IJ H C K I! ii 11. 11. O'JepK pa60T 3al1aJl,HOH .3KCl1eJl,IJl\HI! 110 ocyweHHIO 60JlOT.
'fp. MUHHcTepcTBa 3eMJleJl,eJJIJ5I, T. 1-11, 1899.
)K H P MY H C K H H A. M. nOJl,3eMHbIe BOJl,bI 3al1a,n:Horo Kpa5!. MaTepl!aJJbI 110 06ll\eH
U I1pUKJJaJl,HOii reOJJOrHII, BbII1. 63, 1927.
)K H P MY H C K U H A. M. 0 B03MO)KHOM COJl,ep)KaHIJI! I!H)KeHepHO-reOJJOfIl'JeCKHX KapT.
.«llp06JI. COB. reoJJ.», 1934, N2 6.
11 B a HOB K. E. fHJI,pOJJOrH5I 60JJOT. fHJI,pOMeTH3J1,aT, 1953.
H r HaT 0 B HtJ H. K. fHJI,pOreOJJOf!J5! PYCCKOH I1JJaTljJopMbl. focreoJll13J1,aT, 1946.
11 0 JI, K a 3 H C B. 11. K BOl1pOCY 06 YCJJOBI!5!X I1l1TaHI!5I I! pa3rpY3KI! I1pecHblx BOJl,
J\OtJeTBepTl!tJHbIX oT.10)KeHliH Ha Teppl!TOpml J1HTBbl. B c6.: «BonpocbI reOJIOrHH J1liTBbI».
M3J1,. AH J1IJTCCP, 1963.
H 0 JI, K a 3 H C B. 11., Be H 0 )K I! H C K H C B., 11 r HaT a B H 'I V C A., K 0 H JI, P a-
T a C A. nporH03 perl!OHaJJbHbIX .3KCI1JIyaTal\I!OHHbIX 3al1aCOB 110Jl,3eMHbIX BO!( J1HTOBCKoii
CCP. B c6.: «BOl1pOCbI reOJIOrHI! J1I!TBbI». 113,n:. AH J1HTCCP, 1963.
K a r a H lJ,. A., f e JJ b IjJ e p E. A. Ol1blT H3Y'JeHI!5! xapaKTepa opraHH'JecKlIx Be-
meerB B 110,n:3eMHbIX Bo!(ax BCCP. Te3l1CbI Jl,OKJJ. cOBew.. 110 H3Y'J. reOXI!M. H 6HOXHM.
I1pOBIIHl\IJH TeppuTopHII BCCP. 113J1,. AH BCCP, 1960.
K a r a H lJ,. A., f e JJ b IjJ e p E. A. COJl,ep)KaHl!e IjJTopa B I1pl!pO,n:HbIX BOJl,aX BCCP.
Te3IJCbI AOK.1. cOBew.. 110 1!3Y'J. reOXI!M. I! 61!0reOXHM. I1pOBHHl\I!H Teppl!TOpl!H BCCP. 113,n:.
AH BCCP, 1960.
K a r a H lJ,. A. CaHI!TapHbIH I! rIJJI,pOXHMHtJeCKIJH pe)KIJM BOJl, Me)KMOpeHHblx ropll-
30HTOB B p-He 6110JJOfl!'JeCKHX I1PYJl,OB MI!HCKa. B c6.: «O'JI!CTKa CTO'lHbIX BOJl, B 6IJOJJo-
rWleCKIIX npYJl,ax» 110Jl, pe,n:. LJ:. B. OCTal1eHIJ. 113J1,. AH ECCP, 1961.
K a r a HOB I! 'I 10. 51., M I! III e H K 0 K. n. TeMl1epaTypHbIe KO.3IjJIjJI!l\HeHTbI Tel1J10T
paCTBOpeHIJ5! .3JleKTpOJ1I!TOB. B KH.: «06w.a5I XI!MI!5!», T. 24, BbII1. 1, 1951.
K a JlI! T 0 B C K I! H E. <P. MI!HCKa5I JJe'Je6HO-I1I1TbeBa5! MHHepaJIbHa5! BOJl,a. 113J1,. MH-
HI!CTepCTBa 3,n:paBooXpaHeHl!5! BCCP, 1958.
K a M e H C K II H f. H., To JJ C T H X H HaM. M., T 0 JJ C T I! X 11 H H. 11. fl!JI,poreo-
JIOrIJ5! CCCP. fOCreOJlTeXIJ3J1,aT, 1959.
K e,n: 0 f. I-L CI10pbI CpeJl,HerO ,n:eBOHa ceBepo-BocTOKa BCCP. B c6.: «naJJeOHToJl0-
TI!5! H CTpaTI!rpaljJH5! BCCP», e6. 1. 113J1,. AH BCCP, 1955.
K e,n: 0 f. H. CI10pbI 1!3 110Jl,COJIeBbIX !(eBOHCKI!X OTJJO)KeHIIH fIpl!115!TCKOrO I1pofH6a
Ii IIX CTpaTl!rpaljJlItJecKoe 3HatJeHl!e. B c6.: «naJleoHTOJIOfH5! I! cTpaTlIrpaljJ1!5! BCCP»,
c6. 2. H3J1,. AH BCCP, 1957.
K H P H JJ JJ H H B. A., III e H H JI, JJ I! H A. E. TepMOJl,I!HaMI!Ka pacTBopoB. fOC.3HeprO-
1!3.i\aT, 1956.
K H C e JJ e B n. A. fJJy61!HHOe I1I!TaHl!e II 110rJIow.eHl!e rpYHToBbIX BOJl, tJepe3 l1epe-
pbIBbI B 110,n:CTI!.lalOw.I!X HX BOJl,0YI10pHbIX CJJ05!X. LJ:AH BCCP, 1959, T. 3, Ng 6.
K H C e JJ e B n. A. I1cCJleJl,OBaHl!e 6aJJaHCa rpYHToBbIX BOJl, 110 KOJJe6aHlI5!M IIX
ypOBH5I. 113!(. AH BCCP, 1961.
K II C e JJ e B n. A. Pe)KI!M rpYHToBbIX BOJl, B npll115!TCKOM 110.1eCbe B paHoHe cpeJl,-
Hero Te'JeHH5! p. nTHtJlI. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbII1. III, 1961.
K I! C e JJ e B n. A. npOfH03 KOJJe6aHHH ypOBH5! rpYHToBbIX BOJl, MeTOJl,OM KOHe'JHbIX
pa3HocTeH. Tp. JIa60p. rl!JI,poreoJJ. I1p06JJ. I!M. <P. n. CaBapeHcKoro, T. 40, 1962.
K I! C e JJ e B n. A. Pe)KHM pacxoJl,a rpYHToBoro 110TOKa B Jl,OJJI!He p. nTH'J1! B paH-
OHe LlyccKa. B KH.: «feo.10rI!5! I! rHJI,poreoJJorl!5! npIJI15!TCKOrO I1porH6a». 113J1,. AH
DCCP, 1963.
K I! C e JJ e B n. A. l1oCJJeJl,OBaHl!e 3aKoHoMepHocTeH pe)KI!Ma rpYHToBbIX BOJl, B paii-
OHe nO.1eCCKOH HI!3MeHHOCTH Ha OCHOBe rl!,n:poreoJJOrl!'JecKoro aHaJlll3a. B KH.: «Pe)KHM
H 6aJJaHC 110Jl,3eMHbIX BOJl, Ee.10pycCHI!». 113J1,. «HaYKa IJ TeXHHKa», 1964.




392


JIHTEPATYPA


KJIIIMaTII'JeCKIIH Cl1paBO'JHI!K CCCP, BbII1. 7. foclI3JJ.aT BCCP, 1947.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P. MIIHepaJIbHbIe BOJJ.bI BCCP KaK 6a3a JJ.JI5! pa3BlITlI5! CaHaTOpIlO-
KypopTHoro JJ.eJIa B pecny6"lHKe. B KH.: «Pa3BIITlIe caHaTopHO-KypopTHoro JJ.eJIa B BeJIO-
PYDCKOH CCP». 113,11.. AH BCCP, 1952.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P. MIIHepaJIbHbIe BOJJ.bI BCCP II nepCl1eKTIIBbI HCI10JIb30BaH!I5! IIX
B caHaTopHO-KypOPTHOM AeJIe peCl1y6JIIIKII. Te3HCbI JJ.OKJI. BceCOI03H. KOHIp. Bpa'JeH 1p1l3HO-
TepaneBTOB II KypopTOJIOrOB. 113,11.. MIIHIICTepCTBa 3JJ.paBooxpaHeHH5! BCCP, 1957.
K 0 3.10 B M. <P. KapTa MIIHepaJIbHbIX BOA BCCP B MacwTa6e 1 : 2 500 000. «ATJIac'
BCCP». 113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1958.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P. 0 reOJIOfll'JeCKHX CTpYKTypax npl!115!TCKOrO nO.1eCb5!. Tp. I1fH
AH BCCP, BbII1. I. 113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1958.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P. 0 MHHepaJIbHbIX BOAax Be.lopyaclIlI. H3B. AH BCCP, cep. 1p1l3.-
TeXH. HaYK, 1959, N
 1 (Ha 6eJIOpYCCK. 513.).
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P. 113Y ' leHHOCTb MIIHepaJJbHbIX BOJJ. Ha TeppllTopHH BCCP I! 3aAa'JlI
JJ.aJIbHeHIlIlIx IICCJ1eJJ.oBalmH B .3TOH 06JIaCTH. Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BbIn. II, 1960.
K 0 3 JJ 0 B M. <P. HeKOTopbIe 3aKOHOMepHOCTlI lpopMlIpOBaHH5! 110JJ.3eMHbIx BOA Ha
TeppllTopll1l TIOJ1eCCKOH HII3MeHHOCTII. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbII1. I I, 1960.
K 0 3 JJ 0 B M. <P. COCT05!HlIe H 3aAa'JlI 1I3Y'JeHH5! MHHepaJIbHbIX BOA Ha TeppllTopll1l
BCCP. Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BbIn. II. 113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1960.
K 03 JI 0 B M. <P., III II JIll H C K a 51 51. M. Pe)KHM rpYHTOBbIX BO.'], B 6acceHHe cpeA-
Hero Te'JeH1I5! p. C1Y'JII. Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BbIn. III, 113,11.. AH BCCP, 1961.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P., ill II JI II H C K a 51 51. M. BaJIaHC rpYHTOBblX BOJJ. B 6acceHHe cpek
Hero Te'JeH1I5! p. CJIY'Jb. H3B. AH BCCP, 1963, N2 1.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P., MeA B e JJ. e B a M. r. fHJJ.poreOJIOrll'JecKHe YCJIOBlI5I AOJll1Hbl
3an. LJ:BIIHbI B cpeJJ.HeM ee Te'JeHIIII. MaTepllaJIbI 11 HaY'JHo-l1paKTII'J. Konlp. 113JJ.. CMOJIeHcK.
neJJ.arOfll'J. IIH-Ta, 1963.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P. HeKOTopble BonpOCbI flIJJ.poreOJIOrlll! 110JIeccKOH HH3MeHHOCTlI B CB5!3H
C np06JIeMOH ee OCYIlleHII5!. B c6.: «feOJIOfll5! H flIAporeOJIOrl!5I 11pHl15!TcKoro nporIl6a».
113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1963.
K 0 3 JI 0 B M. <P., ill II ,1 II H C K a 51 51. M. Pe)KHM II 6a.laHC l1oA3eMHbIX BOJJ. B 6ac-
ceHHe cpeJJ.Hero Te'JeHII5I p. C.nY'JII. B KH.: «Pe)KHM H 6aJIaHC nO!(3eMHbIX BOJJ. Be.10pyc-
CIIII». 113JJ.. «HaYKa II TexHIIKa», MIIHCK, 1964.
K 0 p )K y e B C. C. PeJIbelp npll115!TCKOrO nOJJeCb5! (crPYKTypHbIe oc06eHHocTlI II
OCHOBHbIe 'JepTbI pa3B!ITH5!). 113JJ.. AH CCCP, 1960.
K 0 pHIl e H K 0 11. M., JI a B p 0 B A. 11. Oc06eHHOCTlI aKTI!BHOrO BOAo06MeHa B YC-
.10B1I5!X nOJ1eCCKOH HII3MeHHOCTH. Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BbII1. III. 113,11.. AH BCCP, 1961.
K 0 T JI 0 B <P. B. feo.lorH'JecKlIe I1pOl\eCCbI II 5!BJIeHII5!, CB5!3aHHbIe C Ae5!TeJIbHOCTblO'
'JeJIOBeKa, II IIX 3Ha'JeH1I5! AJJ5! rllJJ.poreoJIorlll! II IIH)KeHepHOH reOJJorrm. LJ:OK.l. K c06p.
Me)KJJ.YHap0JJ.H. aCCOl\. flIAPOreOJJOroB. fOCreOJITeXII3AaT, 1960.
KpaTKIIH cnpaBO'JHIIK peK H BOAoeMOB BCCP. foclI3AaT BCCP, 1948.
K p a III e H II H H H K 0 B a O. B. LJ:peBHHe CBHTbI 3anaJJ.1I0ro CKJIOHa YKpa!IHCKoro'
KpllCTaJIJIH'JecKoro w.IITa. 113JJ.. AH YCCP, 1956.
K Y JJ. e JI II H B. 11. npllHl\lInbI perIJOHa.lbHoH Ol\eHKH eCTeCTBeHHblX pecYPCOB 110JJ.-
3eMHbIX BOJJ.. 113JJ.. MfY, 1960.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n. 06 .3KCnepIlMeHTaJIbHOM H3Y'JeHIIII BOJJ.HbIX CBOHCTB pbIXJJbIX MIIHe-
paJIbHbIX II opraHlItJeCKIIX 110pOJJ. B 30Hax 1I36bITo'JHoro YBJIa)KHeHII5! 3al1aJJ.Holl 'JaCTII Pyc-
CKOH nJIaTlpopMbJ. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbII1. I, 1958.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n., Map K 0 BaA. n. Oc06eHHocTlI XIIMH'JeCKoro cocraBa nOJJ.3eM-
HbIX BOJJ. pa3JIII'JHbIX lpal\IIH 30HbI aKTHBHoro BOAo06MeHa BCCP. Te3HcbI AOKJI. cOBew..
no 1!3Y'J. reOXIIM. II 61!0reoxHM. npOBHHl\IIH Teppl!TOp!I1I BCCP. 1131J,. AH BCCP. 1960.
J1 a B p 0 B A. Il. 0 TeMl1epaTypHblX 30Hax l1oA3eMHoH rllApoclpepbI BCCP (l1oJJecbe).
'fp. I1fH AH BCCP, Bbm. II, 1960.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n. CTpYKTypa rpYHToBoro CTOKa B YCJIOBH5!X 30HbI 1I36bITo'JHoro-
YBJIa)KHeHII5I (nO.1ecbe). Jp. HfH AH BCCP, BbII1. III, 1961.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n., K 0 pHIl e H K 0 H. M. Oc06eHHOCTH aKTHBHoro Bo!(006MeHa Ha
TeppllTopll1l nOJIeCb5!. Tp. I-IfH AH BCCP, BbII1. III, 1961.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n. OnbIT 0l1peJJ.eJIeHlI5! eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypcoB (B0306HOBJIeHII5!) 110,11.-
3eMHbIX BOJJ. B YCJIOBlI5!X BCCP. LJ:AH BCCP, 1962, Ng 9.
J1 a B p 0 B A. TI., 3 e K l\ e p 11. c., no 11 0 B O. B. Ol1bIT 1I3Y'JeH1I5! YCJJOBH5! 1p0PMII-
pOBaHlI5! eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypcoB nOJJ.3eMHbIX BOA Ha npllMepe 6acceHHa 3an. LJ:BHHbI (LJ:ay-
raBbI). Te3l1CbI AOKJJ. B M0I111, 1962.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n., 3 e K l\ e P 11. c., no 11 0 B O. B. OCHoBHble 3aKOHOMepHOCTII 110;1,-
3eMHoro CTOKa 6acceHHa 3an. LJ:BIIHbI (LJ:ayraBbI). 113JJ.. AH BCCP, 1963.
J1 a B p 0 B A. n. fllJJ.poreoxIIMII'JecKlIe oc06eHHocTlI l1oA3eMHoro CTOKa B peKH !O)K-
HOH 'JaCTII BCCP. B c6.: «feoJIofll5! II flIJJ.poreoJIofll5! 11pIl115!TCKOrO nporH6a». 113,11.. AH
BCCP, 1963.
J1 a B po B A. 11., 3 e K l\ e p l1. C. npHMep Ol\eHKH eCTeCTBeHHbIX pecypcoB npecHbIx
!I MHHepaJIlI30BaHHbIX l1oA3eMHbIX BOJJ. B C.10)KHbIX reOJIOrH'JeCKIIX YC.10BH5!X (6acceHH
3an. LJ:BHHbI). LJ:AH AH BCCP, 1963, Ng 7.




JIHTEPATYPA


393-


J1 a B p 0 B A. n., 3 e K l\e p 11. c., non 0 B O. B. npllpo,n:HbIe ljJaKTopbI 1jJ0pMl-IPO-
BaHlI5! no,n:3eMHoro CTOKa 6acceHHa 3an. LJ:BIIHbJ. 113J1,. «HaYKa II TeXHIIKa». MIIHCK, 1964.
.n a IT Y T b B. A. 0 HeqJTeHOCHOcTH npH11HTcKoro 11porH6a 110 JJ:aHHbIM JlIOMHHeC-
l\eHTHo-6IiTYMHHOJJOfll'JecKoro aHaJJlI3a. LJ:AH BCCP, 1960, T. IV, N2 8.
J1 e B II H a J1. M. 0 !(Or!(OBCKOM KOMnJJeKce BeJJoPycclIlI. LJ:AH CCCP, 1957, T. 113.
.N
 3.
J1 Ii B III Ii l\ 11. M. Ce30HHoe II MeC5I'JHoe pacnpeJl,eJJeHlIe CTOKa Ha TeppllTopll1l no-
J1eCb5I. Tp. I1H-Ta BOJl,Horo II 60JJOTHoro X03-Ba AH BCCP, T. 6, 1955.
J1 II 'I K 0 B B. J1. nOJl,3eMHbIe BOJl,bI paHoHa YKpallHcKoro KpllCTaJJJJII'JecKoro MaCCIIBa.
113J1,. AH CCCP, BbIn. 2, 1930.
J1 H'J K 0 B B. J1. K BOl1pOCY 0 3HatJeHlIlI MeCTHbIX 6a3l1COB 3p031111 B flIJ1,pOreOJJOfllll.
'fp. J1a60p. flIJJ:poreoJl. np06JJeM AH CCCP, T. 3, 1948.
J1 0 B bI r II H H. 11. CTpOIlTeJJbHbIe CBOHcTBa JJeCCOBIIJI,HbIX rpYHToB TeppHTopHII Be-
.TJOPYCCKOi'I CCP. ABTopeljJ. KaHJI,. ,n:IICC. LJ:HenponerpoBcK, 1961.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 BaA. n. HeKOTopbIe Jl,aHHble flIJ1,pOXIIMII'JecKoro 1I3yqe-
HII5I paCCOJJOB II nopoJl, nplln5!TCKOrO nporll6a. 113B. AH BCCP, cep. 1jJ1I3.-TexH. HaYK,
/958, NQ 4 (Ha 6eJIopyccK. 513.).
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 BaA. n. MlIKp03JJeMeHTbI B npllpOJl,HbIX Bo,n:ax paH-
OHOB paCI1pOCTpaHeHlI5! neccoBbIX 110pOJl, BeJJoPycclIlI. LJ:AH CCCP, 1960, N2 6.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 B a A. n., )K Y K 0 B 1Il\ K a 51 A. J1. XIIMlIqeCKIIH COCTaB
paCCOoTJOB Jl,eBOHCKIIX OTJJO)KeHIIH CTpeJJlIqeBCKOH nJJOmaJl,II (CKB. P-l) LJ:AH BCCP, 1960,
.N
 12.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 B a A. n., 3 a M 51 T K II H a A. A. MlIKp03JJeMeHTbI B
pa3JJII'JHbIX reHeTII'JeCKIIX TlIl1aX BOJl, Be.TJopycclIlI. Tp. I1rH AH BCCP, BbIn. Ill, 1960.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11. reHeTII'JecKlIe TlInbI II ljJal\1I11 aHTponoreHoBblx OT JJO)KeHIIH Be-

TJOPyccJjJj. B c6.: «MaTeplIaJJbI 110 aHTponoreHY BeJJoPycclIlI». 113J1,. AH BCCP, 1961.
J1 Y K a III e B K. H. HeKoTopble BonpOCbI H3Y'JeHII5! reHe3Hca tJeTBepTII'JHbIX OTJJO)Ke-
HIIH. B c6.: «MaTepllaJJbI no reHe3l1CY II .TJIITOJJOfllll 'JeTBepTII'JHbIX OTJJO)KeHIIH». 113J1,.
AH BCCP, 1961.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., LJ: po M a III K 0 C. r. HeKoTopbIe BonpocbI reHe3l1Ca JJeCCOBbIX
nopo!( Be.TJopycCI!II. B c6.: «MaTepHaJIbf no reHe3I1cy H m-ITOJlorll!-I 'JeTBepTHqHbIX OTJlO-
)KeHIIH». 113J1,. AH BCCP, 1961.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 B a A. n. fUJI,pOXIIMII'JecKa5I xapaKTepllcTIIKa nJJa-
CTaBbIX BO,n: naJJe0305I CTpeJJII'JeBcKoH nJJOmaJl,II B CB5I311 C 1I3Y'JeHlIeM HeljJTeHoCHOCTI!
I1plln5ITCKOrO npofll6a. 113B. AH BCCP, cep. 1jJ1I3.-TexH. HaYK. 1961, N2 4 (Ha 6eJJo-
PYCCK. H3.).
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 BaA. n. 0 cOJl,ep)KaHIIII HeKoTopbIX MIIKpO.3JJeMeHTOB
B I1pllpOJl,HbIX BOJl,aX paHOHOB paCI1pOCTpaHeHlI5! JJeCCOBbIX nopoJl, BeJJoPycclIlI. Te3l1CbI
!(OKJJ. XV rHJI,pOXIIMII'J. COBem. 110 MlIKpOKOMI10HeHTaM COCTaBa HaTypaJJbHbIX II 3arp5!3-
HeHHblX BOJJ:. HOBOTJepKaCCK, ]961.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 BaA. n. LJ:aHHble rllJl,pOXIIMII'JecKoro H3Y'JeHII5I pacco-
JIOB Jl,eBOHCKIIX OT JJO)KeHIIH nepBOMaHcKOH nJJ ow. a Jl,1I (CKB. P-2). LJ:AH BCCP, 1961,
T. V, N2 11.
J1 Y K a III e B K. 11., Map K 0 B a A. n., )K Y x 0 B 1Il\ K a 51 A. A. fllJl,pOXIIMII'JecKaw
xapaKTepllcTIIKa paCCOJJOB l1a/1e0305I 4epBOHHOCJJ060Jl,CKOIf nJlOma.1\1I (CKB. I). LJ:AH BCCP,.
1961 T. V, Ng 12.
, J1 Y K a III e B K. l1. O'JepKII no reOXIIMlI1I flIl1epreHe3a. 113!(. AH BCCP, 1963.
J1 Y 6 51 K 0 E. l1. MeTOJl,bI npoeKTlIpOBaHlI5I oCYIlIIITeJJbHbIX CI!CTeM B BeJJoPyccKoil
CCP. Tp. KOHIjJ. no MeJJIIOpal\. II OCBoeHlI1O 60JJOT II 3a60JJo'J. nO'JB. H3J1,. AH BCCP, '1956.
J1 10 T K e B 1I''J E. M. K BOCl1pOCY 0 1jJ0pMlIpoBaHlIlI 3a.'1e)KeH Jl,eBOHcKoi'I HeljJTII B,
npHI15ITCKOM nOJJecbe. Tp. I1fH AH BCCP, BbIn. II, 1960.
M a K ape H K 0 <P. A. 0 nOJl,3eMHOM I1I1TaHlI1I peK. Tp. J1a60p. flIJ1,poreoJJ. I1p06JJeM
AH CCCP, T. 1, 1948.
M a K K a Bee B A. A. TeKTOHHKa II reOJJOrll'JeCKa5I I!CTOpll5I ceBepHOH 'JaCTII YKpaHH-
CKoro KpIlCTaJJJJII'JeCKoro MaCCIIBa II nOJJeCCKOro BaJJa. «COBeTCKa5! reOJJOrIl5I», 1946, N2 12.
M a K K a Bee B A. A. YCJJOBlI5I ljJopMlIpOBaHlI5! II XlIMlI3M rpYHTOBbiX BOJl, Ha Teppll-
TOpIlIl nplln5ITCKorO nOJJeCb5!. «COBeTCKa5I reOJJOfll5!», 1956, N2 56.
M a K K a Bee B A. A. 4eTBepTH'JHbIe OTJIOJKeHJf5I npll115ITCKOro nOJJeCb5!. B c6.:
«BOl1pOCbI rHJI,pOreOJJ. II IIH)K. reOJJOfllll», c6. 18.
M a K K a Bee B A. A. 3aJl,a'JlI II MeTOJl,IIKa paJl,II0fllJl,pOreOJJOfll'JeCKIIX IICCJJeJl,OBaHIIH.
'fp. I1fU AH BCCP, BbIn. II, 1960.
M a K K a Bee B A. A. feOJJOfllQeCKa5I HCTOpll5I nplln5ITCKorO nOJJeCb5I B 'JeTBepTII'J-
HbIH nepllOJl,. Bonp. flIJ1,poreOJJ. II IIH)K. reOJJ., c6. 19. focreOJJTeXlI3AaT, \961.
M a K 0 B K. 11. nOJl,3eMHbIe BOJl,bI LJ:HenpoBcKo.LJ:oHel\KOH Bl1aJl,IIHbl. 113J1,. AH YCCP,
1941.
M a K 0 B K. 11. fllJl,pOreOJJOfll'JecKlIe YCJJOBlI5! YKpallHcKoro MaCCIIBa. «feoJJofllqe-
CKlIit )K.» AH YCCP, 1948, T. IX, BblII. 3.
M a H bI K II H C. C. CTpaTlIrpaljJ1I5I TpeTII'JHbIX OTJJO)KeHIIH BeJJ0pycclIlI. 113J1,. AH:-
BCCP, ]959.




394


JIHTEPATYPA


M a H bI K H H C. C. 11pH6pe)KHbIe lpal\HH KlIeBCKOH CBIITbI BeJJoPyccHH. 113B. AH
BCCP, cep. IpH3.-TeXH. HaYK, 1963, Ng 2 (Ha 6eJJOPyccK. 513.).
Map H H HtJ A. M. OCHoBHbIe tJepTbI CTpOeHlI5! II IICTOpHII pa3BlITlI5! pe'JHblx !(OJJIIH
YKpallHcKoro 110JJecb5!. Tp. feorpaljJ. 06-Ba YCCP, BbIll. 1, 1956.
Map K 0 BaA. n. fH!(POXI!MII'JecKa5! xapaKTepl!CTHKa HeKoTopbIX IICTO'JHHKOB 110!(-
3eMHbIX BO!( ceBepHoH tJaCTH BCCP. H3B. AH BCCP, cep. 1p1l3.-TexH. HaYK: 1958, Ng 3
(Ha 6e.10PYCCK. 513.).
Map K 0 BaA. n. Ho!( II 6pOM B BO!(aX H paccoJJax TeppHTOpl!H BCCP. Tp. HfH
AH BCCP, Bbln. I, 1958.
Map K 0 BaA. n. 0 XI!Ml!tJeCKOM COCTaBe TepMa.%HOH BO!(bI 1!3 !(eBOHCKHX OTJJO)Ke-
HIIH paHoHa EJJbCKa. LJ:AH BCCP, 1958, Ng 4.
Map K 0 BaA. n. 0 XI!MII'JeCKOM COCTaBe MHHepaJJI!30BaHHblx BO!( H paCCOJJOB !(peB-
Hel1aJIe030fIcKHX OTJJO)KeHHH Be.10PycCHII. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbIll. II, 1960.
Map K 0 B a A. 11., <P II JJ 0 HOB B. A. 0 m!(pOXI!MH'JeCKHX KplITepl!5!X naJJe030H-
CKIIX OTJJO)KeHI!H 11pIl115!TCKOH Bna!(I!Hbl. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, 1964.
M a x H a 'I A. c., C T e Ip a H e H K 0 A. 51., lJ, a 11 e H K 0 M. M., K 0 3 J1 0 B M. <P.
!\paTKIIH O'JepK reOJJorll1! Be.10pycCHI!. H3!(. AH BCCP, 1957.
M a x H a 'I A. C. LJ:peBHenaJJe030HCKl!e OTJIO)KeHI!5! BeJJopyccl!lI. H3!(. AH BCCP,
1958.
M a x H a 'I A. C. HOBbIH, Hal!60JJee rrOJIHbIH pa3pe3 6eJIOpyccKOH (110JJeCCKoH) cepllll
HI!)KHerO .30KeM6p1!5! 3al1a!(HOH tJaCTI! PYCCKOH nJJaTlpopMbI. LJ:AH CCCP, 1960, N2 4.
M a x H atJ A. C. 0 110JJe3HbIX HCKOl1aeMbIX !(peBHel1a.1e030HCKI!X OTJJO)KeHI!H Be-l0-
PYCCI!I!. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbIll. II, 1960.
M I! T 51 H II H a 11. B. CTpaTI!rpalpl!tJecKa5! cxeMa IOpCKIIX OTJJO)KeHI!H BeJJoPyccl!lI.
113B. AH BCCP, cep. 1p1!3.-TexH. HaYK, 1959, N2 4 (Ha 6eJJOpYCCK. 513.).
M H T 51 H I! H a 11. B. CTpaTlIrpalpl!tJeCKoe paC'JJJeHeHlIe IOpCKIIX OTJJO)KeHIIH BeJJo-
PYCCHII. MaT. Bcec. cOBew.. no YTo'JHeHIIIO YHI!Ip. cxeMbI CTpaTl!rpaljJlI1I Me3030HcKHX OTJJO-
)KeHIIH PYCCKOH nJJaTljJopMbI, T. 2, IOpCKa5! CI!CTeMa. Tp. BcecolO3H. HaY'JH.-IICCJJe!(. reOJIO-
pa3Be!(. HeIpT. IIH-Ta, BbII1. 29, 1961.
M H T 51 H II H a 11. B. <popaMHHlIlpepbI BepxHero OKclpop!(a BeJJopyccl!l!. B c6.: «l1a-
JJeOHTOJJOrl!5! I! CTpaTl!rpalp1!5! BCCP», c6. 4. H3!(. AH BCCP, 1963.
M 0 C K B H T I! H A. H. CTpaTl!rpalpl!'JecKa5! cxeMa 'JeTBepTlItJHoro l1epllO!(a B CCCP.
H3B. AH CCCP, cep. reOJJ., 1954, Ng 3.
M 0 C K B II T I! H A. 1--1. COBpeMeHHbIe npe!(CTaBJJeH1!5! 0 cTpaTlIrpalpll'JecKoM !(eJJeHI!I!
11 !(,lI1TeJIbHOCTII I1JlefICTOI\eHa. BIOJIJJ. KOMI!CCIII! no H3YtJ. tJeTBepTII'J. l1epIlO!(a. H3!(. AH
CCCP, 1959, Ng 23.
My p a III K 0 M. f. [11 !(p.]. BO!(Ho.3HepreTI!'JecKI!H Ka!(aCTp BCCP, T. 1. H3!(.
AH BCCP, 1960.
He B M e p )K H l\ K a 51 3. M. J1I1TOJJOrO-MIIHepaJIoGH'leCKa5I xapaKTepHcTIIKa l1epMO'
TpHacoBblx OTJJO)KeHI1H paHoHa !(ep. rl!HeBI!'JeB fpy!(. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbII1. 1, 1958.
He B p a e B f. A., B a C I! JJ b e B a B. H., B I! H 0 r p a!( 0 B a M. P. fl!!(pOMI!He-
paJJbHble pecypcbI BeJJopyccKoH CCP I! nYTII I!X JJe'Je6Horo I1CnOJIb30BaHI!5!. HHljJopM.
MeTO!(II'J. MaTepllaJJbI 110 Bonp. rl!!(poreoJI. II 6aJJbHeOTeXHI!KH Jle'Je6HbIX BO!( I! rp5!3etI
CCCP, BbII1. 3, 1961.
H I! K 0,1 a e B H. H. K Bonpocy 0 COCT05!HlII! 1!3Y'JeHHOCTI! HOBeHIlIHX KOHTI!HeHTa.%-
HbIX OTJIO)KeHI!H. Tp. cOBew.. 110 OCa!(O'JH. nOpO!(aM. LJ:AH CCCP.
o B 'I I! H H II K 0 B A. M. COBpeMeHHoe COCT05!1ille Bonpoca 0 1jJ0pMI!pOBaHlIlI 110;.\-
3eMHbIX BO!(. Tp. Jla60p. rl!!(poreOJJ. np06JJeM AH CCCP, T. X, 1948.
011 11 0 K 0 B E. B. Pe)KIIM rpYHTOBblX BO!( B paHOHe nOJIeCb5!. «nO'JBoBeJJ.eHlIe»,
1913, Ng 2-3.
OCT a n e H 51 n. B. XapaKTepl!CTHKa rl1!(pOMIIHepaJJbHbIX pecypCOB BCCP. «Be.10-
PYCCK. Me!(. )KypHaJJ», 1940, Ng 12.
OCT a 11 e H 51 n. B. MHHepaJIbHble BO!(bI BCCP I! I!X 6aJIbHeOJJOrll'JeCKa5! Ol\eHKa.
B c6.: «Pa3BIITlIe caHaTopHO-KypOpTHoro !(e,la B BeJIOpyccKOH CCP». H3!(. AH BCCP,
1952.
OCT a n e H 51 n. B., K a r a H lJ,. A., f e JI b Ip e p E. A. HeKoTopbIe !(aHHble 0 co-
.'J:ep)KaHI!I! Ho!(a, IpTopa I! Me!(1! B I1PHPO!(HbIX BO!(aX 110JJeccKOH HII3MeHHOCTI!. «3!(paBO-
oxpaHeHlIe BeJJOpycCI!H», 1956, Ng 7.
nap Ip e HOB a H. H. HeKOTopbIe !(aHHble 06 I!H)KeHepHo-reo.10rl!'JecKlIx oc06eH-
HOCT5!X aJJJJIOBlIaJJbHbIX rJJHHI!CTbIX OT,10)KeHIIH. Tp. HfH AH BCCP, BbII1. 11, 1960.
11 a pipe HOB a H. 11. HeKOTopbIe oc06eHHOCTI! rpaHYJJOMeTpll'JeCKoro COCTaBa a.1JJIO'
BI13JJbHb!X neC'JaHbIX OTJJO)KeHIIH B CB5!31! C I!X I1H)KeHepHO-reOJJOrll'JeCKOH OLleHKOH. MaTe-
pI1a.%I KOHIjJ. MO.10!(bIX Y'JeHbIX AH BCCP. H3!(. AH BCCP, 1960.
n H!( 0 11 JI I! 'I K 0 A. n. 0 xapaKTepe 06pa30BaHlI5! 03ep Ha TopljJ5!HlIKaX BCCP.
fp. HH-Ta TopljJa, 1953.
11 a p IjJ e HOB a H. H. HH)KeHepHO-reOJJOrl!tJeCKHe CBOHCTBa ljJal\I!H PYCJJOBOrO aJJJJIO-
BI15! p. npl!115!Tb. Tp. Hf AH BCCP, BbII1. 111, 1961.
n I!!( 0 n .1 II 'I K 0 A. 11., K 0 H 0 H K 0 M. A. 0 BpeMeHI! 06pa30BaHlI5! I! oc06eH-
HOCTI! pa3BlITI!5! 03ep I! TOpljJ5!HI!KOB B rOJJOl\eHe Ha Teppl!TOpll1l Be/l0pYCCKOH CCp,
LlAH BCCP, 1959, T. 111, Ng 11.




JIHTEPATYPA


395


IT I!;J. 0 11.1 il 'I K 0 A. IT. TopljJ5!Hble MeCTOpO)KAeHI!5I BeJIopyccl!l!. H3A. AH BCCP,
1961.
IT 0 11 0 B H. B., K a J] P. c., K 0 P I! K 0 B C K a 5! A. K, J1 03 ape B a B. IT. MeTo-
AI!Ka COCTaB.1eHH5! I!H)KeHepHO-reOJIOrl!'JeCKI!X KapT. fOCreOJITeXI!3AaT, 1950.
IT 0 11 0 B H. B. HH)KeHepHa5! reOJIorl!5!. H3A. MfY, 1959.
11 p I! K /10 H C K I! H B. A. fpYHTOBeAeHHe, 'I. 1. focreo/1TexH3AaT, 1955.
11p06JIeMbI I!CI10JIb30BaHI!5! BOAHbIX pecYPcoB Be.10pyccKoH CCP. H3A. AH BCCP,
1962.
Pac il 0 11 0 B M. IT. PaHOHl!pOBaHl!e l1oA3eMHbIX BOA paBHI!HbI EBpOl1eHCKOH tJaCTI!
CCCP ilO YCJIOBI!5!M I!X CTOKa B peKI!. Tp. ffH, BbJI1. 27 (81), 1950.
Po rOB 0 H IT. 11. fl!;J.poJIOrl!'JecKa5! CB5!3b 110'JB I! I1pOI!3paCTaIow.I!X Ha HI!X JIeCOB
Ha Teppl!TOpl!1! BCCP. Tp. KOHIjJ. 110 MeJII!Op. I! OCBOeHI!IO 60JIOT I! 3a60JIo'J. 110tJB, 1956.
P 0 M a HOB B. B. BOJIoTa I! I!X CBOHCTBa. fI!ApOMeTI!3AaT, 1937.
P 0 M a HOB B. B., 11 B a HOB K E. BOAHbIH 6aJIaHC AOJII!HHbIX 60JIOT ITOJIeCb5! I!
.ero B03MO)KHOe I1pe06pa30BaHl!e. Tp. KOHIjJ. 110 Me.11!0p. I! OCBOeHI!IO OOJIOT I! 3a60JIo'J.
110'JB, 1956.
P 0 M a HOB B. B. fl!ApoljJ1!31!Ka 60JIOT. fI!ApOMeTI!3AaT, 1961.
PYA e H K 0 <P. A. fl!ApOreOJIorl!5! YKpal!HCKOro KpI!CTaJ1.11!'JecKoro w.I!Ta. focreo.1-
TeXI13AaT, 1958.
C 1!.1 11 H - 13 e K 'I Y pI! H A. H. 0 AI!HaMI!Ke 06BOAHeHI15! HeljJT5!HbIX 3aJJe)KeH. Tp.
Jla60p. mAporeoJI. npoooeM AH CCCP, T. 1, 1948.
C H JJ I! H - 13 e K 'I Y P I! H A. H. fl!ApOAI!HaMHtJecKl!e I[ rl!ApOXI!MI!'JecKl!e 3aKoHoMep-
HOCTI! Ha Teppl!TOpl!1! ITpI!6aJITI!KI!. Tp. J1a60p. mAporeOJ1. I1p06JIeM AH CCCP, T. XX,
1958.
Co K 0 JJ 0 B B. C. 0 B03pacTe ApeBHeHwero ocaAO'JEoro 110KpOBa PYCCKOH I1JIaT-
1p0pMbI. H3B. AH CCCP, cep. reOJI., 1952, Ng 5.
Co K 0 Jl 0 B LJ:. C. OCHOBHbIe YCJJOBI!5! pa3BI!TI!5! KapcTa. fOCreOJJTeXI!3AaT, 1962.
C T e IjJ a H e H K 0 A. 51., K 03 JI 0 B M. <P., Map K 0 BaA. IT. MI!HepaJII!30BaHHbIe
130.J,bI BCCP I! B03MO)KHOCTI! I!X I!CI10JIb30BaHI!5! AJJ5! JIe'Je6HbIx ueJIeH. H3B. AH BCCP,
1951, },'!> 4.
C T e IjJ a H e H K 0 A. 51. MI!HepaJIbHb!e BOAbI l1aJIe030HCKI!X OTJIO)KeHI!H Teppl!TOpl!1!
DCCP. B c6.: «Pa3BI!Tl!e caHaTopHo-KypopTHoro .1\eJIa B BeJIopyccKoH CCP». H3A. AH
BCCP, 1952.
C Y JJ H H B. A. BOAbI HeIjJT5!HbIX MeCTOpO)KAeHI!H CCCP. OHTH, 1935.
C Y JJ I! H B. A. BOAbI HeIjJT5!HbIX MeCTopO)K.1\eHI!H B CI!CTeMe I1pl!pOAHb!X BO.1\. foc-
T0I1TeXI!3AaT, 1946.
C Y JI I! H B. A. fl!iJ:pOreo/10rH5! HeIjJT5!HbIX MeCTOpO)K!(eHI!H. fOCT0I1TeXI!3AaT, 1948.
C Y x ape B f. M. fl!!(poreoJIorl!5! I! BO!(bl HeIjJT5!HbIX I! ra30BblX MeCTopO)K!(eHI!H.
fOCT0I1TeXI!3AaT.
TOM a III e B I! 'I A. B., 13 e p e C T 0 B H. K CnpaBO'JHI!K 110 MI!HepaJIbHOMY CblpbIO
MeCTHbIX CTpOI!TeJIbHbIX MaTepl!aJJOB BCCP. H3!(. BfY.
T Y TKO B C K I! H IT. A. ITOJJeCCKl!e OKHa. 3eMJIeBe!(eHHe, K. IV, 1899.
TYTKOBCKI!H IT. A., Ol1nOKOB E. B. fJIy60Koe 6ypeHI!e B 1914-1915 rr.
B r. MI!HCKe B C0l10CTaBJIeHI!I! C APyrl!MI! rJJy60KI!MI! 6YPOBbIMI! CKBa)KI!HaMI! B paHoHe
rIOJIeCb5!. B c6.: «Marepl!aJJbI 110 I!CCJJeA. peK I! pe'JHbIx AOJII!H ITOJIeCb5! ITOJIeCCKOH
1-!3bICKaTeJJbCKOH napTI!I!», Bbm. 1, Kl!eB, 1916.
T Y TKO B C K H H IT. A. BOJJee rJJy60KHe 6ypoBbIe CKBa)KHHbI no COCe!(CrBY C 6ac-
ceHHOM p. ITTl!tJb. BypOBa5! CKBa)KI!Ha 1914-1915 rr. B MI!HCKe B yca!(b6e ropoAcKOH
BO!(OI1POBOAHO-.3JIeKTpl!tJecKoH craHJ]I!I!. B c6.: «Marepl!aJIbI 110 I!CCJJe!(. peK I! pe'JHbIx
AOJ11!H ITOJIeCb5! ITOJIeCCKOH 1!3bICKaTeJJbCKOH l1apTI!I!», Bb!I1. 1, Kl!eB, 1916.
<P Y pc e H K 0 A. B., K 0 B X Y roM. f. 0 IjJpaHCKI!X I! ljJaMeHCKI!X OTJIO)KeHI!5!X
llpIlI15!TcKoro ITOJIeCb5! I! IIX ljJaYHe. B c6.: «ITa.
eoHrOJIOfll5! II CTparl!rpaljJII5! BCCP»,
e6. 1. B3A. AH BCCP, 1955.
<P Y P COB a H. IT. HeljJreHocHocrb II BOl1pOCbl 06pa30BaHI!5! HeljJr5!HbIX 3aJIe)KeH
13 ITpIlI15!TCKOM rpa6eHe. LJ:AH BCCP, 1959, T. III, Ng 10.
X 0 T b K 0 )1\. IT., 13 0 H!( ape H K 0 B. B. OCHoBHble TeKTOHII'JeCKl!e crpYKTypHb!e
,weMeHrbI BeJJoPyccKoH CCP 110 reoljJ1!3I1tJeCKI!M AaHHbIM. LJ:AH CCCP, 1956, r. 106, Ng 4.
lJ, a 11 e H K 0 M. M. K BOl1pOCy 0 reOJIOfll'JecKoH I1pnpoAe ITOJIeCb5!. H3B. AH BCCP,
cep. reOJJ., 1947, N2 2.
lJ, a 11 e H K 0 M. M. CrpoeHIIe tJerBepTHtJHbIX or.10)KeHI!H BeJIopyccKoH CCP. Mare-
pna.%I HaY'JH. cOBew.. H3!(. AH J1I1TCCP, r. 14.
lJ, a 11 e H K 0 M. M., M a x H a 'I H. A. AHTp0l10reHOBble orJIO)KeH1!5I Be.
oPyccIII!.
113!(. AH BCCP, 1959. " ..
'
lJ, a n e H K 0 M. M., M a x H a 'I H. A.. nam
oreorpaIjJII5! II XpOHOJJOrIl5! aHTp0l10reHa
B 06JIacrIl pa3BIITII5! CKaH!(IIHaBCKI!X JJe!(HIIKOBbIX nOKpOBOB. B c6.: «XpOHOJJorIl5! II KJIII-
lIIarbI 'JerBepTIItJHoro l1epIlO!(a». H3JJ.. AH CCCP, 1960.
lJ, a 11 e H K 0 M. M. 06 YCJIOBII5!X 1jJ0pMIIpOBaHII5! aHTponoreHoBbIx OTJIO)KeHHH ReJIo-
PYCCKOH CCP. B c6.: «MaTepl!aJIbI 110 reHe3I1CY II .
l!rOJIornIl tJerBepTII'JHbIX OrJIO)KeHIIih.
113,11.. AH BCCP, 1961.




OrJ1ABJ1EHI1E


BBe}J.eHHe. r. B. EO.?OAlOA06
r AG8a 1. HCTOpHII rH)l.pOreOJIOrH'IeCKHX HCCJIe)l.OBaHHH. A. Ii. Ii ape8U'I., H. C. Ku'i-
KUHa, r. r. MaAJ/.p
LW8a 11. OCHoBHble eCTeCTBeHHOHCTOpH'IeCKHe cpaKTopbl, onpe)l.eJIIlIOUJ.He pacnpo-
. cTpaHeHHe H cpOpMHpoBaHHe nO)l.3eMHblX BO)l.
<P113HKO-reorpaljJl1tJeCKl1e ljJaKTOpbl. A. H. Ba/wiiKO
reoJIOrl1tJeCKl!e ljJaKTOpbl. A. H. C8ep
uHcKUii, fl. M. rpunuHcKuii
rl!ApOreOJIOrl!tJeCKl!e I! rl!ApOJIOfHtJecKl1e ljJaKTOpbl. A. fl. JIa8po8
I1cKyccTBeHHble ljJaKTOpbI. r. r. MaAJ/.p, B. r. JIo6ooeHKo
.r Aa8a III. OnHcaHHe nO)l.3eMHblX BO)l. ...
rl!ApOreOJIOrl!tJecKoe pai\oHl!pOBaHl!e. A. C. Ka6aHo8
XapaKTepl1CTI!Ka BOAOHOCHbIX rOpI!30HTOB. A. C. Ka6aHo8, M. CP. K03A08
Pe)KI!M nOA3eMHbIX BOA. fl. A. KuceAe8, 11. M. KopHueHKO
rI!ApOAI!HaMl!tJeCKa5!, reOXI!Ml!tJeCKa5! I! rl!ApOTepMaJIbHa5I 30HaJIbHOCTb rrOA-.
3eMHblx BOA. r. B. EOcOMOA08 ..... .
BonpOCbI 1jJ0pMl!pOBaHI!5! rrOA3eMHblx BOA I! rraJIeOfHApOreOJIOfH5I. r. B. Eo-
cOMOA08 .
LW8a IV. PecYPcbl npeCHblX nO)l.3eMHblX BO)l.. . .
ECTecTBeHHble pecypcbI rrOA3eMHbIX BOp:. A. fl. JI a8p08
3KCrrJIyaTal\110HHble 3arraCbI rrOA3eMHbIX BOA. M. 5/. lJ,aYHe
r AG8G V. CYUJ.eCTByIOIl\ee H B03MO)KHOe HCnOJIb30BaHHe nO)l.3eMHblx BO)l. )l.JIII Lle-
JIeH BO)l.OCHa6)KeHHII. r. r. MaAJ/.p
r Aa8a VI. OxpaHa nO)l.3eMHblX BO)l.. B. A. Kopa6Ae8, 10. r. IllKuAb
r AG8a V I I. fl1)1.poreOJIOrHII MeCTOpO)K)l.eHHH nOJIe3HblX HCKonaeMbiX. A. C.
.r Jla8G V II I. MHHepaJIH30BaHHbie BO)l.bI - HCTO'lHHK npOMblUlJIeHHOrO
JI. K. Eep3uHa
FAa8a IX. JIe'le6Hble MHHepaJIbHble BO)l.bI. M. CP. K030108
r Aa8a X. fH)l.pOreOJIOrHII 3a60JIo'leHHblX TeppHTopHH. M.
r AG8a XI. HH)KeHepHO-reOJIOfU'IeCKall xapaKTepHCTHKa.
10. C. 3y6puI.{KUii
3aKJIIO'IeHHe. r. B. EOcOMOA08
JIHTepaTypa


Ka6aH08
Cblpbll.


5/. lJ,GYHe, r. r. MaAJ/.p
H. H. flaprjJeHo8a,


npHJIO)KeHHII. rl!ApOreo.10rHtJecKa5I KapTa tJeTBepTl!tJHbIX OTJIO)KeHI!H Teppl!TOpl!1! BCCP
MaClllTa6a 1 : 1 000 000.
rl!ApOreOJIOrl!tJecKl!e pa3pe3bI I! CBOAHbIH CTpaTl!rpaljJl!tJeCKI!H pa3pe3 C AaHHblMI! 0 BO-
!,(OHQCHbIX rOpl!30HTaX K fl!ApOreOJIOfl!tJecKoH KapTe tJeTBepTl!tJHbIX OT JIO)KeHI1H Teppl!TOpl!fI
BCCP.
rl!ApOreOJIOrl!tJecKa5I KapTa AOtJeTBepTl!tJHbIX OTJIO)KeHI!H Teppl!TOpl!1! BCCP Mac-
lllTa6a 1: 1 000 000.
rl!ApOreOJIOfl!tJeCKHe pa3pe3bI H CBOAHbIH cTpaTHrpaljJHtJecKHiI pa3pe3 C AaHHbIMH
o BOAOHOCHbiX rOpl130HTaX H KOMrr/1eKcax K fHApOreOJIOfHtJecKoH KapTe J(otJeTBepTHtJHbIX
OTJIO)KeHf!H TeppHTOpHI1 BCCP.
KapTa rrpOrH03HbIX .3KCrrJIyaTal\HOHHbIX 3arraCOB rrpecHblx rrOA3eMHblx BOA TeppHTopHH
BCCP MaclllTa6a 1; 1 000 000.
KapTa HH)KeflepHO-reOJIOrHtJecKoro paHoHHpOBaHH5I TeppHTopHH BCCP MaclllTaoa
1 : 1 000 000.
I1H)KeHepHO-reOJIOrHtJecKHe pa3pe3bI K KapTe HH)KeHepHo-reo.10rHtJecKoro paHoHHpoBa-
HH5I Teppl1TOpHH BCCP.


5


9


20
20
24
37
65
67
67
75
189
204
215
224
224
232


240
284
294


302
316
338


348
386
389