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BPHHoro e.HTeJl}{ PaBaHa apxa H nOCB.HmeHa HCCJle OBaHHIO
pa r 3rOBOpHOH <pOpMbl H3blKa <papCH B A<praHHCTaHe, KOTOpbl
HB.'UleTCH O HHM H3 rocy apCTBeHHblx .H3biKOB 3TOA CTpaHbl
(uapH y C nYIUTY).
npHBJleKa.H OrpOMtlbl H3b1KOBOA MaTepHaJl, tlaKOnJleHtlbl
')a MHorHe I"O bI pa60TbI, aBTOp c006maeT CBOM HHTepeCHbie
fla6JlIO CHHH B 06J1aCTH JleKCHKH, MOp<pOJlOI"HH H CHHTaKCHca
pa3.....0BopHoro 9apCH M eJlaeT QeHHbie TeOpeTH"IeCKHe 0606-
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70104-032
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@ r JlBBHaH pe QaK HH BOCTO'lHOA JlHTepaTypbl
113A8TeJlbCTB8 "HaYKa", 1974
nPE J1CJIOB"E
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COBeTCKHA. COlO3 HBHJlCH nepBoA CTpaHOA, r.n;e npOHBJlea
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B napH)I(e Ha cppaH Y3cKOM H3bIKe. BCKope nOCJle BbIxo.n;a KHHrH
B CBeT B CCCP ,nOBBHJlaCb Ha Hee no.n;p06HaH pe eH3HB, HanHcaH-
HaB H3BeCTHbIM Cne HaJlHCTOM no B3bIKY .n;apH AcpraHHcTaHa
JI.M. KHCeJleBoA. "HTepec K MoeA pa60Te 6bIJl 06YCJlOBJleH He
TOJlbKO CTpeMJleHHeM Jlytlwe n03HaTb AcpraHHCTaH, HO H 06WHP-
HbIMH HCCJle.n;OBaHHBMH COBeTCKHX ytleHbIx B 06JlaCTH HpaHCKHX
H3bIKOB H .n;HaJleKTOB H oc06eHHO .n;HaJleKTOB Ta.n;)I{HKHCTaHa.
KHHra "Pa3rOBopHbIA cpapCH B AcpraHHCTaHe" BbIWJla B
napH)Ke MaJlbIM THpa)KOM H tlepe3 HeCKOJlbKO JleT CTaJla 6H6JlHO-
rpacpHtleCKOA peAKOCTblO. C 60JlblllHM y.n;OBJle'fBOpeHHeM B npH-
HHJl npe.n;JlO)KeHHe iIepeBeCTH'MoA TPY.n; Ha PYCCKHA B3bIK H H3-
.n;aTb ero B COBeTCKOM COI03e. 3TO 3aCTaBHJlO 1eHB BHOBb ceCTb
3a K HHry, HcnpaBHTb H AOnOJlHHTb. ee OCHOB Hble pa3.n;eJlbI.
PYCCKHA nepeBO.n; T1.l\aTeJlbHO H YMeJlO BblnOJlHeH B.H. OCT-
pOBCKHM, KOTOPOMY nOMOrJlH ero T'Jly6oKHe 3HaHHB B3bIKa .n;apH
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AcpraHHCTaHa H I1paHa.
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HOCTb COBeTCKHM YtleHbIM, OKa3aBWHM nOMOInb B BbInYCKe .n;aH-
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PaBaH apxa.n;H
1-2 63
BBE EHJ1E
I
nepCH.n;CKHA S3b1Kj HJlH S3bIK .n;apH, SBJlSeTCS HapS.n;y C H8-
,QHOHaJlbHblM S3 KOM nYWTY OcpHQHaJlbHbIM S3bIKOM AcpraHHCTaHa.
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no npOHCXO)K.n;eHHIO.
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nepeBe.n;eH Ha HOBYIO 1'pa<pHKY, CTaJl o<pH HaJlbHbIM J1HTepaTYP-
HblM H3bIKOM B Ta.n;)I(HKH0TaHe 1 , 'APY1'o - B AcpraHHcTaHe, Tpe-
THH - B "paHe.
HblHe He cymecTByeT e.n;HHoA <pOpMbI JlHTepaTypH01'O H3bl-
Ka, np cnOC06J1eHHOrO KO BceM YCJlOBHHM }KH3HH H 06 e1'o .n;JlH
Bcex nepCOH3b1t1 HblX Hapo.n;oB.
3. 'Pa31'oBopHbl H3blK (zaban-e '8miyana), KOTOpbI
.HBJlHeTCH cpe.n;cTBoM n Bce.n;HeBH01'o 06meHHH H n09ToMY He-
npepblBHo pa3BHBa8TcH. 8 .H3blKe o.n;H01'O 06wecTBeHHo1'o CJlOH
1
CM..: I Ta.n;)I(HKCKo-PYCCKHH CJlOBapb E.3. BepTeJlbCa, M.B. Pa-
XHMH, JI.B. YcneHcKo ' M.,' 1954}; , npHJlO)l(eHHe - OtlepK 1'paMMaTHKH
Ta.n;)I(HKCK01'O H3blKa B.C. PacTop1'yeBoH. no Ta.n;)I(HKCKOH .n;HaJleKTOJlO-
rHH CM. OTQeT )1(. JIa3apa: «Bulletin de la Societe linguistique», t. 48
(1952), Case. 2, cTp.33; t. 49 (1953), fase. 2, CTp. 4 45.
1-3 63
5
Ha6Jllo.n;aeTCH BJlHHHHe KJlaCCHtleCKOrO JlHTepaTypHoro nepCH.n;CKO-
1'0 H3b1Ka, a B H3blKe .n;PYI'Hx CJlOeB - BJlHHHHe J1HTepaTypHoro
H3blKa .n;aHHOI'O peI'HOHa. :rOBOpbl CeJlbCKOI'O HaCeJleHHH, np0)l(H-
BalO ero B OKpeCTHOCTHX I'opOAa'( tlaCTO COXpaHHIOD.\He ".n;HaJleK-
TaJlbHbl " xapaKTep), OKa3blBalOT B CBOIO Otlepe.n;b BJlHHHHe npe)l('-
Ae Bcero Ha BY JlbrapHYIO <POPMY, KOTopaSl, HapaBHe C 06HXO.n;HOM \
<pOpMO , .n;eJlOBbIM H3blKOM T..n;..1 COCTaBJIHeT tlaCTb Toro Ha-
po.n;HOI'O H3b1Ka.
4. !MeCTHble I'OBopbl-"napa3HTbl", npHcYIUHe onpe-
.n;eJleHHbIM COQHaJlbHblM CJlOHM H QexaM peMeCJleHHHKoB. Apro
(Ha3b1BaeMOe B TeI'epaHe zaban-e l ti ) npe.n;cTaBJIHeT c060 TH-
nHtlHYIO <POPMY TO KaTeI'opHH.
Pa3rOBopHblH nepcH cKHH fl3blK
B npoWJlOM H B HaCTofll.Qee apeMfl
I1cTopHH oTHollleHH Me)l(AY J1HTepaTypHbIM nepcH,QcKHM
H3bIKOM H MeCTHblMH I'OBopaMH HeH3BeCTHa HaM B nOAP06HO-
CTHX H3-3a OTCYTCTBHH HCTOpHtleCKHX .n;oKYMeHToB.
TeM He MeHee, npe.n;CTaBJIHeTCH (CM. IA. IC h r i s ten s e n,
'Contribution a la dialectologie Iranienne, I, lCopenhague, 1930,
CTp. 4-5), tlTO nepcH.n;cKH H3bIK, npoHcxo,QHIUWM W3 «papca, ,QO-
CTWI' CBoeI'O pacQBeTa B I X- X BB. tfie B TOH npOBWHQWH wpaHCKO-
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.
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paCQBeT B npOBWHQwax IOra - Y ra3HeBw,QoB - H 3anaAa - y
CeJlb.n;)KYKH.n;OB.
8 J1WTepaTypHoM nepcwAcKOM H3blKe Y,QaeTcH o6HapY)l(HTb
CJle.n;bl Bcex OCHOBHblX MeCTHblX I'OBopoB. O.n;HaKo B ero BOJlIO-
QWW pOJIb nepcHAcKoro H3blKa XopacaHa, Xope3Ma W TpaHcoK-
cwaH npe.n;cTaBJIHeTCH HaH60Jlee 3HatlWTeJlbHo .
B XV B. Y TWMypW.n;OB repaTa (BJla.n;eBlllwx TaK)((e W TpaH-
cOKcwaHoH). BOCTOtlHO-nepcH.n;cKHe I'OBopbl BHOBb 06peJlw 3Ha-
tleHwe. :n03)Ke ce<peBw.ncKH J1paH W B 60JlblllOH CTeneHH MYCYJlb-
6
MaHCKa.H I1H,nH.H BHeCJlH CBOH BKJla,n B pa3BHTHe JlHTepaTypHOrO
nepCH,nCKOrO H3bIKa (H HeKOTOpbIe nepCO.H3bItlHhIe aBTOpbI TOH
nOCJIe,nHeH nOXH rOBOpHJlH TaK)Ke KTO nO-TlOpKCKH, KTO Ha O.n;-
HOM H3 HHAHHCKHX .H3bIKOB).
B HaCTO.H ee BpeM.H HaXO,n.H HeC.H B paCnOp.H)KeHHH ,naHHbie
no Mop<pOJlOrHH H <pOHeTHKe pa31'0BOpHOro .H3bIKa pa3J1HtlHbiX
paHOHOB nepCO.H3bItlHOrO HaCeJIeHH.H B cpaBHeHHH C ,naHHbIMH 06-
eJlHTepaTypHoro .H3bIKa ( TO cpaBHeHHe n03BOJlHT HaM Kor,na-
HH6y,nb 3aH.HTbC.H THMOJlOrHtleCKHMH H3bICKaHH.HMH) n03BOJl.HIOT
BbI.HBHTb HaJlHtlHe ,nBYX rpynn rOBopOB (r,ne Ka)K,na.H rpynna H no,n-
rpy nna no,npa3,neJl.HeTC.H B CBOIO Otlepe,nb Ha HeCKOJlbKO BeTBeA)':
3ana,nHa.H rpynna (nepCH,nCKHe rOBopbI 3ana.n;Horo I1paHa, KOTO-
p Ie eIAe nJloxo -'H3BeCT Hbi H He,nOCTaTOtlHO H3ytleHbI) 2, H BOCTOtl-
.Ha.H rpynna. '
BOCTOtlHa.H rpynna nepcH,ncKHX rOBopOB COCTOHT H3 ,nBYX
no,nrpynn:
- XopaCaHCKa.H no,nrpynna, HMelO a.H pacnpocTpaHeHHe B
HpaHcKoM Xopac3He H a<praHcKoM XopacaHe, B CHcTaHe, rope,
Xa3apa,n)KaTe, ra3HH H - He,naJleKO OT Ka6YJla - B JIorape, rap-
.n;e3e H OprYHe 3 . CJlOBapb 3ana,n HbiX rOBopOB Ta , r,ne n0380-
JlHJlO coce,nCTBO, OKa3aJl 60JlbmOe BJlH.HHHe Ha rOBopbI TOH no,n-
rpynnbI';
- AcpraHo-Ta,n)KHKCKa.H no,nrpynna, HMelO a.H pacnpOCTpa-
HeHHe B COBeTCKHX pecny6J1HKax Cpe,nHeH A3HH, npe)Kne Bcero
B Ta,n)l(HKCKOH CCP, H Ha TeppHTopHH OT Ba,naxwaHa ,no Ka6y-
Jla tlepe3 naH.n;)I(Wep H KOXHCTaH K BOCTOKY OT Ka6y Jla (c cy6-
cTpaToM nawTo) (a TaK)Ke "OCTpOBKJI" Ma,narJlaWTH B 1JHTpaJle
H ,neXBapH B BeJly,n)l(HcTaHe H T.,n.) 4
2 CM.': JI.cr. neAQHKoB, TerepaHcKHA ,nHaJleKT, M.,I 1960.
3 CM.':I B.A. E cp HMO B, H3bIK acpraHCKHX xa3apa, M.,I 1965.
4 0 TaWJ{HKCKHX roBopax COBeTCKOA Cpe.n;HeA A3HH - CM. npe-
BOCXO,nHyIO pa60TY B.<1. PacTopryeBoA « OIlblT CpaBHHTeJlbHOrO H3Y-
tleHH.H Ta,n)KHKCKHX rOBOpOB» , M.,I 1964, CM. 6H6 Horpa<pHIO CTp. 183-
184.
1-4 63
7
M3YQeHHe
pa3rOBOpHOrO nepCH,QCKOrO $l3blKa
Mbl .na.n;HM 3.n;eCb HeKOTOpble 3aMetlaHHH, KaCalOlI.{HeCH YCJlO-
BHA, B KOTOpbIX H3ytlaeTcH pa3rOBOpHbIA nepCH.n;CKHA H3bIK .n;aH-
HOf'O paAOHa.
UJKOJlbHbIA ytlHTeJlb nOJlb3yeTcH KJlaCCHtleCKHMH H MeCTHbl-
MM JlHHf'BHCTHtleCKHMH cpaKTaMH, tlT06bI 06YQHTb pe6eHKa nOJlY-
JlHTepaTypHOMY HJlH JlHTepaTypHOMY H3bIKY. JlH H3ytlalOIUef'O
MeCTHbIA rOBOp, eCJlH OH HBJlHeTCH ypO)KeH eM CaMOH CTpaHbI,
OKa)KeTCH nOJle3HbIM 06palI.{eHHe 38 HHcpOpMa HeA K ytlHTeJlHM
HJlH MY JlJIaM.
Ka)K,naH H3 nepetlHCJleHHbIX BbIllie tleTblpeX KaTerOpHA nep-
CH.n;CKOrO H3bIKa B Ka)K.n;OM paAOHe OKa3bIBaeT BJlHHHHe Ha ,CO-
Ce.n;HIOIO C HeA KaTerOpHIO. Pa3J1HtleHHe HX He CTaHOBHTCH OT
9Toro MeHee Ba)KHbIM. IYpO)KeHe 3ana.n;a, H3ytlalOlI.{HA pa3ro-
BOpHblA nepCH,nCKHA H3bIK, MO)KeT 6bITb BBe.n;eH B 3a6JlY)K.n;eHHe
MeCTHbiM HHcpopMaHTOM, eCJlH TOT Bo06pa3HT, tlTO HHOCTpaHe
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B ef'O H3bIKei 9Toro He.n;opa3YMeHHH CJle.n;yeT H36eraTb C caMO-
1"0 HatlaJia. '
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waH tlaCTb HaCeJleHHH - H3bIK "cpe.n;HHX" CO HaJlbHb1X CJlOeB, -
OTJlHII8.H ero OT apf'OTH3MOB, .n;HaJleKTH3MOB, apxaH3MOB H KHH)K-
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oc06eHHOCTH BY JlbrapHOro H3bIKa, OTCYTCTBYIOlI.{He B petlH 06pa-
30BaHHbIX JIIO.n;eA.
nOJle3HO cpaBHHBaTb H3bIK '60JlblllOA rpynnbI HaCeJleHHH C
oomenepCH,n;CKHM HTepaTypHbIM H3bIKOM, npe,n;CTaBJleHHbIM Mac-
coA KJlaCCHtleCKHX npOH3Be.n;eHHA. H Jlb3H CKa3aTb, QTo6bI 9TO
OblJlO Cp8BHeHHe f'OBOpa C ero npHMbIM npe.n;KOM, H60 JlHTepa-
TypHblA Jl3b1K, :paCCMaTpHBaeMblH KaK O.n;HO eJloe, He HBJlHeTc.si
"qHCTbIM". H 06uapY)KHBaeT CJle.n;bI pa HbIX rpynn H no.n;rpynn
pa3rOBOpHOf'O nepCH.n;CKoro H3bIKa. rreM He MeHee, OH HBJlHeT-
CH KOMnaKTHoA cOBoKynHocTblO, npHtleM 9THMOJlOrHtleCKHe HC-
8
,
CJIe,nOBaHHH e e He n03BOJIHJlH HpaHHCTaM YCTaHOBHTb "HCXOA-
HylO" cpOPMY pa3rOBopHoro H3bIKa, KOTopaH He Bcer,na HBJlHeT-
CH qHCTO nepCH,QCKO .
CpaBHeHHe ,nBYX rOBopOB pa3HbiX rpynn npe,nCTaBJlHeTCH
HblHe ropa3,n0 MeHee nOJle3HbIM, He)l{eJlH cpaBHeHHe ,naHHoro 1'0-
Bopa C JIHTepaTypHbIM H3blKOM,
BHYTPH O,nHO rpynnbl H no,nrpynnbJ nJIo,nOTB pHhlM OK83bl-
BaeTCH cpaBHeHHe ,nBYX rOBopOB HJlH cpaBHeHHe H3bIKa ,QepeBHH
c,ropOACKHM H3blKOM (B HeKOTopbIX OTHomeHHHX MeHee apXaHq-
HblM, HO 60JIee 60raTbIM), a TaK)I{e C JIHTepaTypHblM H3h1KOM. I
"MeHHO TaK H3yqeHbI Ta,Q)I{HKCKHe rOBopbI B coseTCKHX pecny6-
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Jle,QOBaHHH. I
TaKHe HCCJIe,nOBaHHH BbI.HBHJlH 6bI xapaKTepHble qepTbI
rpynn pa3rOBopHoro nepCM,QCKoro H3bIKa, OCHOBaHHbIe npe)l{,Qe
Bcero Ha MOPcpOJIOrHqeCKHX ,naHHblX, H, KpOMe Toro, Ha ,naH-
HblX cpOHeTHKH (H60 CJIOBapb o,nHoA rpynnbl C 60Jlbme JlerKOCTblO
BJlHHeT Ha CJIOBapb ,npyroA rpynnbI).
BbIJlO 6bI 06J1erQeHO H HCCJIe,QOBaHHe BJlH.HHHH coce,QHHX
I.
rOBopOB HenepCH,nCKoro npOHCXO)l{AeHHB, Bce 9TO B 60JlbmO
CTeneHH nOMOrJIO 6bI H3yqeHHIO HCTOpHH pa3BHTHH KJlaCCHqe-
CKoro nepCH,QCKoro H3b1K8. '
B npaKTHQeCKOA 06J1aCTH TaKHe HCCJle,nOBaHHH cnoc06CT-
BOBaJlH 6bl HanHcaHHIO pa60T 06JIerQalO HX B3aHMo.nOHHMa-
HHe HapO;nOB, rOBopH HX HS nepCH,nCKOM H3bIKe pa3HbIX paAo-
HOB.
MHOrOQHCJleHHble HCCJle,QOBaHHH B 9ToA 06JIaCTH BHeCJlH,
6bl BKJIa,n B pa3BHTHe JlHHrBHCTHQeCKHX 3H8HHA, OHH npe,nOCTa-
BHJIH 6bl Ba)l{Hble ,naHHbfe ,nJlH H3YQeHHH ,QeMorpacpHQeCKO H
06 eCTBeHHo-nOJlHTHqeCKO HCTOpHH 60JIbmO QaCTH a3HaTCKO-
ro MaTepHKa.
113YlleHHe
nepCH CKOrO S3blKa A raHHCTaHa
B XIX B. rre J13 JlJ1HI'BJ1(',TOB, KOTopbIe BbIYtlJ1J1J1 nepCJ1ACKJ1H
.H3bIK B KOHCepBaTJ1BHOH TpaAJ1QJ1J1 J1HAHHCKJ1X JIJ1TepaTypHbIX KPY-
I'OB, BcerAa HaXOAJ1BWeHC.H nOA BJIJ1.HHJ1eM AcpraHJ1CTaHa, CtlJ1T JIJ1
"HOp 1aJlbHbIMH" MHorHe tlepTbI, xapaKTepH3YIOI.QJ1e nepCHACKJ1H
.H3bIK A<l>raHJ1CTaHa.
TaK, B X TOMe "Linguistic Survey of I dia" , ony6JIJ1KOBaH-
HOM n03AHee B KaJlbKYTTe B 1921 r. aBTopbI AalOT (CTp. 527-530)
TeKCTbl Ha pa3roBopHoM nepCJ1ACKOM .H3bIKe BaAaxwaHa, COCTaB-
JIeHHbIe B 1898 r. 'XaH-caxJ160M A6A-YJI-XaKJ1MOM, rOBOp.H': "no-
CKOJIbKY nepCJ1ACKHH .H3bIK H3BeCTeH ):tOCTaTOtlHO XopOWO, HeT
He06xOAJ1MOCTJ1 AaBaTb nOAP06HbIH OTtleT 0 .H3bIKe, Ha KOTOpOM
OHJ1 (TeKcTbI) COCTaBJleHbI '.' 5. B TOM )Ke TOMe (CTp. 452-453) MbI
HaXOAJ1M HeKoTopbIe BeCbMa QeHHbIe CBeAeHJ1H 0 AeXBapJ1, nep-
CHACKOM rOBope ABYX MaJl HbKHX 06InHH, npO>KHBaIOInJ1X Me>KAY
KaJlaTOM J1 MacTYHroM B BeJlYA)KJ1CTaHe, npe CTaBJIeHHbIe B
1911 r. ,n; HJ1COM Bp eM.
JIHHrBHcTbl, J1HTepeCOBaBlllJ1eC.H nepCJ1ACKHMJ1 rOBOpaMJ1
J1paHa, HanpOTJ1B, OTMetlaJlH cBoe06pa3J1e acpraHo-nepCJ1ACKOrO
.H3bIKa (Brown, ,A Year amongst the Persians, CTp. 112;
D.IC. Phi 110 t, BBeAeHHe K "'Colloquial English Persian Dictio-
nary" , 'Calcutta, 1914 J1 "Higher Persian Grammar").
KpaTKJ1H OqepK nepCHACKJ1X rOBopOB 6aAaxIlIH J1 MaAarJlaW-
TJ1 MaHopa .JI.P. JIopHMepa BbIWeJI B JIoHAoHe B 1922 r.
B 1924 r. npocpeccop reopr MopreHcTbepHe c06paJi He-
CKOJIbKO paCCK330B co CJIOB ):tBYX KpeCTb.H H, np0)KJ1BaBWHX K ca-
Bepy OT Ka6YJla, H ony6J1J1KOBaJi J1X B VI TOMe (1927) "'Acta
Orientalia", CTp. 309. B CBoeM OTtleTe "Report on a Linguistic
Mission to 'Afghanistan" (Oslo, ,1926, CTp. rl- 9) OH AaJl HeCKOJlb-
5 "As Persian is so well known it is unnecessary to give a
detailed account of the linguage used in them,v (t.
10
KO 3aMetlaHHH 0 cpOHeTHKe H MOpcpOJlOrHH nepCH,QCKHX rOBOpOB
Ha BOCTOKe CTpaHbl.
C CeHT.H6p.H 1923 r. no HO.H6pb 1927 r. JI. Bor,QaHoB, Pyc-
CKHH MHrpaHT, pa60TaBwHi nepeBO,QtlHKOM cppaH Y3cKoro no-
COJlbCTBa B Ka6YJle, KOTOpblH B cOBepweHcTBe 3HaJi JlHTepaTYP-
HblM nepcH cKHH .H3blK H pa3roBopHblD .H3bIK'TerepaHa, co6paJi
MaTepHaJi ,QJI.H CBoeH CTaTbH «Stray Notes on Kabuli Persiam
(<<Journal of the 'Asiatic Society of Bengal»,' ;vol. XXVI, .1930,
CTp. 11-124) B 3HaqHTeJlbHoH CTeneHH H3 acpraHcKoD npeccbI TO-
ro BpeMeHH H ocpHQHaJlbHblX TeKcToB, BanHcaHHblX nOJlyrpaMoT-
HblMH JlIO):tbMH, a He H3 HapO,QHoro .H3blKa. L1I. Bor,QaHOB B ,QeHCT-
BHTeJlbHOCTH COCTaBHJI cnHCOK' JleKCHqeCKHX H rpaMMaTHqeCKHX
01lIH60K' )KypHaJlHCTOB H ceKpeTapeH KaHneJl.HpHH, OllIWDKi KOTO-
pbIe OH, K HeCtlaCTblO, CtlHTaJi "oc06eHHOCT.HMH" H cpaBHHBaJi He
C JU1TepaTypHbIM, nepCHACKHM .H3blKOM, a co « 'Standard Persi »
(OH YTOqH.HeT: "nOA cTaH,QapTHbIM nepcHAcKHM .H3blKOM .H nOHM-
MaIO COBpeMeHHbIH pa31'OBOpHbIH .H3bIK TerepaHa" .
,l];eHcTBHTeJlbHO, pa3BHTHe nepCH,QCKOH KYJlbTypbI B Tetle-
HHe nOCJleAHHX BeKOB 6bIJlO He CTOJIb BblCOKO, KaK 'B npOIlIJlOM.
,l];a)Ke B TaKOM Ba)KHOM 6aCTHOHe nepCH,QCKoro .H3b1Ka, KaKHM
6bIJIa MYCY JlbMaHCKa.H J1HAH.H, B KH.H)K CKHX ,QB<?pax pe,QaKQH.H
TeKCTOB tlaCTO ,nOBep.HJlaCb HHAHHnaM, KaWMHpnaM H TlOpKaM.
B cepeAHHe XVIII B. B<praHcKoe rocy AapCTBO npHH.HJlO TOT
"o<pHQJ1aJlbHbIM" nepcHAcKHH .H3blKj nOOJleAHHe Tanbl KOToporo
OnHCaJi JI. Bor,QaHoB, nOJlara.H, tlTO "B A<praHHcTaHe HeT CTporo-
· ro pa3J1HQeHH.H pa3I'OBOpHOro H JlHTepaTypHoro 3blKatt7.
3TO HCCJle,QOBaHHe OCTaeTC.H nOJle3HblM ,QJI.H acpraHneB,
)KeJlaIOInHX OqHCTHTb .H3blK OT HeKOTopbIX JleKCHqeCKHX 01lIH60K,
Bce eIne coxpaHHBllIHXC Y HeKOTopblX rpaMOTHblX JlIO,QeH.
6 « I mean by Standard Persian, the present-day colloquial lan-
guage of Tehran».
7 «There is no strict distinction in 'Mghanistan between the
colloquial and the literary language».
11
Hap.HAY C THM JI. BOf'AaHOB c06paJI, He BbI.neJl.H.H cneQHaJlb-
HO, TaK)I(e' .naHHbIe, .0THOC.HI.QHeC.H K pa31'0BOpHOMY nepCHACKOMY
.H3bIKY. 11. Bce )Ke B p.HAe cJlyqaeB HalliH Ha6J1IOAeHH.H BeCbMa CY-
IneCTBeHHO OTJlHqaIOTC.H OT el'O Ha6J1IOAeIlHH.
8 TO)l(e BpeM.H opHeHTaJlHCT-TlOpKOJlOf' JIYHA)I(H BOHeJlJlH,
npenOAaBaBllIHH HTaJlb.HHCKHH .H3bIK MOJlOAbIM acpraHQaM, H3Y- \
qaBllIHM aBHaQHIO, COCTaBHJI CBOH «'Appunti fonetici suI vulgare
persiano di Kabul» «('Annali del R. Instituto Orientale di Napoli»,
vol. -I-IV, 11928-1931, Bcero 80 CTp.)_ 13Ta pa60Ta KaCaeTC.H J1eK-
CHKH "BYJlbrapHOf'O" nepCHACKOf'O .H3bIKa Ka6YJla (TOqHee, He-
KOef'O CTYAefltleCKOrO apro), npeABap.HeMOH HeKOTopbIMH 3aMe-
qaHHHMH no cpoHeTHKe, HllIeHHbIMH HayqHOH QeHHOCTH.
fpaMMaTHKa S3blKa Ka6YJla
MbI CTaBHM 3AeCb cBoeH QeJlblO OnHCaHJ1e f'paMMaTHKH pa3-
rOBOpHOf'O nepcHAcKoro .H3bIKa f'. Ka6y J1a, oc06eHHO no.nqepKH-
Ba.H ero xapaKTepHbIe qepTbI. MbI He 6y AeM nOAP06HO OCTaHaBJlH-
BaTbC.H Ha cpaKTax, CXOAHbIX C <paKTaMH J1HTepaTypHoro .H3bIKa.
nepCHACKHe f'OBOpbI A<pf'aHHCTaHa I1HTepeCHbI CBoeH ap-
XaHqHOCTblO. OHM OKa3aJlH f'J1y60Koe BJlH.HHHe Ha MHOf'OqHCJleH-
Hble .H3blKH HpaHCKoro H HHAHHCKoro npOHCXO:>KAeHH.H, Ha KOTO-
pbIX rOBopST B A<pf'aHHCTaHe H B nOrpaHHqHbIX paHOHax MHAHH':
naMHpCKHe H HypHCTaHCKHe .H3bIKH, nYllITY H BOCTOqHO-TlOpKCKHe
AHaJleKTbI. Bee TH .H3bIKH, CcrOJIb pa3J1HqHbIe no npOHCXO:>KAeHHIO,
u
B CBOIO OqepeAb OKa aJlH B03AeHCTBHe Ha nepcHAcKHe rOBopbI.
8 HbIHellIHHX YCJlOBH.HX Ka6YJlH npH06peTaeT Bce 60JlbllIee
.
3HaqeHHe H cTpeMHTeJlbHO pacnpOCTpaH.HeTC.H no BceMY Acpf'aHH-
cTaHY. 'B03paCTalOInHH HHTepec K HeMY yqeHbIX H .HBHJlC.H npHqH-
HOH B03HHKHOBeHH.H HaCTO.HI.Qer() HCCJleAOBaHH.H, a TaK:>Ke. nO.HBJle-
HH.H 'APyrHx pa60T, nOCB.HIneHHbIX TOMY pa3BHBaIOIneMYC.H .H3bIKY
(CM. pa60TY JI. )J;opocpeeBOH "H3bIK <papCH-Ka6YJlH", M.,I 1960).
113yqeHHe Ka6y J1H BHOCHT BKJlaA B HCTOpHqeCKHH aHaJlH3
KJlaCCHqeCKOI:'O J1HTepaTYP Horo .H3b1Ka, B H3yqeHHe CJlO)KHbIX npo-
6J1eM B3aHMoAeHcTBHH J1HTepaTypHoro .H3blKa H pa3roBopHbIX
12
<tJopM, nOMOraeT pa3BHTHIO TaKOA BaJ<ROA OTpaCJlH 3HaHHA, KaKOA
SlBJlSleTOSI HpaHCKaSi ,nHaJleKTOJlOrHJI.
Pe,naKTHpOBaHHe 3TOA pa60TbI npe,nnpHRJlTO B 1953 r. no,n
PYKOBO,nCTBOM Moero YBa)KaeMOr9 yqHTeJlJl npo<tJeccopa 3MHJlJI
BeHBeHHcTa. fl 06S13aH eMY KaK 3a peKOMeHAanHH H nonpaBKH,
TaK Ii 3a noompeHHe B pa60Te.
H npHHomy 6J1arO,QapHOCTb npocpeccopy reopry MopreH-
cTbepHe 3a HeH3MeHHYIO 6J1arO)l(eJlaTeJlbHOCTb K aBTOpy,
r-HY )J(HJlb6epy JIa3apy JI 06J13.aH MRorHMH neHHblM'H oBe-
TaMH OTHOCHTeJlbHO MopCPOJlOrHqeCKOA qaCTH MoeA pa60TbI.
MHorHe no-pa3HoMY nOMOraJlH Ii nOCTOSlHHO nOMoraIOT MHe.
nYCTb OHM HaA,nYT 3,QeCb Bblpa)l(eHHe MoeA rJly6oKoA npH3Ha-
TeJlbHOCTH.
t Q II E l' M K A
\
8 1
B 3TOM pa3,QeJle MbI ,QaeM OCHOBHble npH3HaKH, OTJlHtlalO-
IQHe cpoHeTMKY pa3rOBopHoro H3bIKa Ka6YJla OT cpoHeTHKH JlHTe-
paTypHoro H3bIKa. MbI npH6eraeM K 3THMOJIOrHtleCKHM AaHHbIM
JlHWb B apa6cKHx 3aHMCTBOBaHHHX.
«POHeTHKa nHCbMeHHoro JlHTepaTypHoro H3blKa HHorAa, oco-
6eHHO B n03AHeitIllHx TeKCTax, AonYCKaeT KOJIe6aHH.H': pa3JIH-
tlHH B TeM6pe KOJlHtleCTBe rJlaCHbIX, KOHCOHaHTHbIe pa3J1HtlHH
(b/w H T.A.). MbI npHHHMaeM BO BHHMaHHe HaH60J1ee 06 enpHHH-
Tble <t>OpMbI JlHTepaTypHoro H3bIKa (,QaJlee - JlT.). \Apa6CKa.H op-
<porpacpHJI, KOTopaH MO)KeT HHorAa BBOAHTb B 3a6J1Y)KAeHHe, He
HBJlHeTCH eAHHCTBeHHbIM HaWHM KpHTepHeM (HanpHMep, m B
pomba ' XJlOnOK', )'l>m a '6YTOH' no npaBHJlaM apa6cKoH opcpo-
rpacpHH CJleAOBaJlO 6bI TpaHcKpH6HpoBa Tb KaK n).
TpaAHQHOHHoe H JlHTepaTypHoe npOH3HoweHHe nepCHACKO.
ro H3blKa B AcpraHHCTaHe B OCHOBHOM TOtlHO nepeAaeTCH TpaH-
CKpHnQHeH nepCHACKoro H3bIKa HpaHHCT08 OT ,lJ;. ,l);apMCTeTepa
H n. XopHa AO «P. BOJIbcpa (KpOMe KOHetlHOrO -a, coxpaHHBllIero-
CH B H3bIKe AcpraHHCTaHa, KOTopoe nOCJleAHHit TpaHCKpH6HpyeT
KaK e, Aa)Ke B CJlOBaX apa6CKoro np,OHCXO)K,neHHH, KaK, HanpH-
Mep, jabira). MbI OCHOBbIBaeMC.H Ha 3TOH TpaAHQHOHHOH cpopMe
npH TpaHCKpH6HpOBaHHH JlHTepaTypHbIX CJlOB.
\
14
He Bce CJlOBa o):tHHaKOBO ynoTp 6HTeJlbHbI. If 3TO BJleqeT
pa3J1HqHH B <PoHeTHqeCKOA TpaKToBKe. KOF):ta MbI Cne HaJlbHO
H3yqaeM OCHOBHble apTHKYJlHTOpHbIe H CTpYKTypHbJe TeH.neH HH,
TO BCTpeqaeM B KaqeCTBe npHMepOB CJlOBa, ynoTpe6J1HeMble
e)Ke):tHeBHO. B OTHomeHHH MaJloynoTpe6HTeJlbHblX CJlOB Ka6YJ1H
CTOHT 6J1H3KO K JlHTepaTypHOMY H3b1KY. n03TOMY MbI CTapaeM-
CH Ka)K):tbIA .pa3, Kor):ta 3TO HaM npe):tCTaBJI.HeTC.H Heo6xo):tHMblM,
):t8Tb KaK MO)KHO 60JlbWe npHMepOB "HapOAHbIX HCKa)KeHHA". '
HeKOTopbIe cBoAcTBa MeTpHKH KJlaCCHqeCKOA n033HH co.
):tep)kaT Te )Ke cpOHeTHqeCKHe Te.H):teH HH, KOTopble MbI HaXOAHM
B Ka6YJlH.
AKQeHTyaQHH, CKOpOCTb peqH, oco6eHHOCTH rOJloca BapbH-
PYIOTCH OT cJlyqaH K cJlyqalO H OT HH):tHBH):tYYMa K HH):tHBH):tYYMY.
3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHaH <pOHeTHKa ):taJla 6b1 HaM HHTepeCHble cBeAe-
HHH 0 cpOHeTHKe Ka6YJlH.
ApXaHqeCKHe qepTbI B <pOHeTHKe, KaK coxpaHeHHe ,QHcpTOIi-
. A
rOB aI, .au, e, .0, .KOHeqHOrO -a, a TaK)Ke C1 nepe,Q HOCOBblMH,
npe):tCTaBJI IOT co6oA Ba)KHbIe npH3HaKH, n03B0J1HIOIQHe YCTaao-
BHTb rpynny nepCH):tCKHX rOBopOB, K KOTOpoA CJle):tyeT OTHeCTH
Ka6y JlH.
3Ta qaCTb pa60TbI6Y):teT oco6eHHO nOJle3Ha ):tJlH H3YQe,HHB
<pOHeTHKH HH):tHAcKHX H3bIKOB (HX nepCH,QCKHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHA) H
H3bIKOB A$raHHCTaHa (npe)K):te Bcero nYWTY).
BOKAJIJ13M
rJla.CH'bte U oufjJ",OH'I,u'
9 2
CxeMa BOKaJlH3Ma Ka6YJlH TaKOBa:
.
1
u
e
"
°
e
°
'"
a
a
15
93. CoxpaHeHHe TeM6pa KOHe'lHOrO -a
_K&HeqHOe -a, 0603HaqaeMOe B opcporpacpHH KaK "a", coxpa-
HseT CBoA TeM6p: parda · 3aHaB9CKa', I'm wa C CPPYKTbI', ,sina
· rpy,nb'; .banda · pa6', ,dana C 3epHhlwKo', gerya · nJlaq , H T.A.
B cycM»HKCax -a, -ak rJlaCHaS a npOH3HOCHTCJI KaK B JlT.
(CM. 156, If» 7-14). To )Ke KaCaeTCJI H CYCPcpHKca -a npHqa-
CTHS npowe,nwero BpeMeHH: gofta C cKa3aHHblA', ,dada C ,naRHblA',
,
basta · 3aKpblTblA'. i
To )Ke B apa6cKJlx 3aHMCTBOBaHHJlX': waleda C MaTb' H B
)KeHCKHX HMeHaJC: 'Amina, Fatema
4. .CoxpaHeHHe TeM6pa a nepe,n HOCOBoA
nepe,n -.0': nan' xJle6', ,biran · AO)K,nb', asman · He60'.
nepe,n -m': aram C cnoKoAHblA', I bam C Kpblwa', n m · MMJI' ,
npHTJI)KaTeJlbHble MeCTOHMeHHJI: -etan, l-esan (CM. '.6 III-
112).
95. .CoxpaHeHHe tla,n)l(rYJlbHOrO e
Te H3 CJlOB JlT. (Ta6Jl. f 11), KOTopble ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbI B
pa3roBopHoM S3YKe.
. C OBa, He Bxo,nJlII(He B CJlOBapb JlT":t' er · nJleTeHWI WTopa',
ney · 6CTpOKOHeQHblA', ke · MY)KCKaJl WaJlb' H T.,n.
B HeKOTOpyX CJlOBaJl, r,ne pa3rOBopHblA Jl3bIK HCnOJlb-
3yeT , Tpa,nHQHOHHoe JlHTepaTypHoe npOH3HGJIIeHHe KOJle6J1eTCJI
Me)K,ny ai H : om d' Ha,ne)l{,na', lpere an C Q3a60QeHHblti', Ipe eman
· paCK8J1BWHACJI'" Ipewand/pewastan · coe,nHHJlTb', Igesu · Koca',
bemn · pa3PyweHHblA' (JlT lWairSn).
Apa6cKoe ai nepeXOAHT B e B HeMHorHX, HO BeCb-
Ma ynoTpe6HTeJlbHblX . CJlOBa>e: ex' weAx', ,salamilek 'npHBeT-
CTBHe', lamel 'TeCbMa' H3 bamayel, ,sal · HaBo,nHeHHe' H3 sayle
npHMeQaTeJlbHO OTCYTCTBHe e nepe,n HOCOBblMH.
JR
6. ICoxpaHeHHe MaAX<rY JIb.Horo 0
Te H3 CJlOB J1T. ('CM. 12), KOTopble ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbI B
K6.
CJlOBa, He BXOAH He B CJlOBapb J1T..:' g8t " KaTYWKa', .sota
, naJlKa', 'r er C HH3KHit (3BYK)', ,j8k C nHHBKa' H T.n.
S CJleAYIO HX CJlOBaX, rAe pa3rOBopHblit H3bIK ynoTpe6JIHeT
A
0, a TpaAH HOHHoe J1HTepaTypHoe npOH3HoweHHe KOJle6JIeTCSI MeX{-
lJ.Y au H B: rO an C CBeTJIbIA', ,rayan 'MaCJlO'. £1MnepaTHB b&raw
'HAM' J1T. npOH3HOCHTCH bo- r6.
A 6 . - I t b C , Y: t A
pa CKoe au HHOrlJ.a nepexoAHT B 0: 0 a pacKaHHHe, .(;0 0
f KaK?' (J1T. e-taur), n8bat · 01.lepeAb'.
npHMe1.laTeJIbHO OTCYTCTBHe 6 nepeA HOCOBbIMH.
CJlOBa, OKaH1.IHBaIO HeCH B JIT. Ha -6/ -Oy, B K6. OKaHqHBalOT-
CH Ha -uy (CM. i, 24). B TO >Ke BpeMH OTMeqalOTCH bo- 8y 'Mol',
'cTHpait' H joy' PyqeA' (HapHAY C K6. KpeCT. juy).
7. CoxpaHeHHe AHcpToHra ai
Te H3 CJlOB J1T. (cM.g13), KOTopble ynoTpe6HTeJIbHbI B
pa3roBopHoM H3bIKe.
CJlOBa, He BXOAH He B COCTaB JIT.:\ lais 'npHMoit', 'patain
· nopOAa rOJly6eit' H T.A., paisa 'AeHbrH' (H3AaBHa cy ecTByeT
B K6.).
Apa6cKHe 3aHMCTBOBaHHH C ai 60Jlee MHOrOqHCJleHHbI, qeM
CJlOBa C ai nepCHACKoro npOHCXO)KlJ.eHHH' mail' )KeJlaHHe', xaima
'waTep', ,xair · oJiarOCJIOBeHHe', yaib' TaRHa'. ,yair C APyroit',
'qY)KOH', kaif 'CBOitCTBO', 'KaqeCTBO', .(H)osain - XyceRH H
T.lJ..
OTMeTHM K6. jai C MecTo', qepelJ.YIO eecH C K6. ,ai. K6.
ai cooTBeTcTByeT J1T. Gi H B HeKoTopbIX APyrHx CJIOBax.
,l(HcpToHr ai B HaCTOHlI.{eit pa60Te qaCTO 0603HaqaeTCH ay.
8. 'CoxpaHeHHe lJ.HcpToHra au
Te H3 CJIOB JIT., KOTopble ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbI B K6."
2-63
17
CJlOBa,. He BXOA.HInHe B CJlOBapb JlT.:1 daul · Mo,na', 'pauli
c MOHeTK AJI.H YKpaWeHH.H npHqeCKH' H T.A.
Apa6cKHe 3aHMCTBOBaHH.H C au 60Jlee MHOrOqHCJleHHbI, qeM
CJlOBa C au nepCH,nCKoro npoHcxo.)K,neHH : qaum · nJleM.H', 'qaul
'CJlOBO', ,saud '1KeJlaHHe', ,xauf 'cTpax', ,fauq 'BbICWHA', ,aulad
· pe6eHoK', " ,neTH' H T. .
K6. u COOTBeTcTByeT JlT. au B gau · 6bIK', ,kau - rJlarOJlb-
HbIA KopeUb · KonaTb', Darw ze Lawri - JlaxopcKHe BopoTa'
(KBapTaJi Ka6y Jla) (K6. 'Lawor = JIaxop). \
CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb c06CTBeHHbIe HMeHa ,Zyaudin - 3HHYA-
..
,nHH (JiT. IZia-foddin), rAlaudin - AJlJlay,n,nHH (JiT. tala-oddin).
,l];H<pToHr au B HaCToHIneA pa60Te qaCTO 0603HaqaeTCH aWe
g 9. rra6J1HQa COOTBeTCTBHH rJlaCHbIX H AH<pTOHrOB
B rOBopax Tpex ropOAOB, npeACTaBJI.HIOl.L\HX COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO BOCTOqHbIe no,nrpynnbI - 8<praHO-TaA)KHKCKYIO W xopacaHCKYIO-
H 3ana,nHyIO rpynny':
T. a 6 II U 1.4 a 1
Ka6YJlH fepaTw TexpaHw ·
e e e
1 1 1
" e/i
e 1
. aile l
al e
a a a
..
a a a
A
an an on
0 0 0
u, u U
A Diu
0 u
au aujO 6 2
1 -TOtlHee: eY
2 TOtlHee: 6 w .
18
npJ1 OKOHtlaTeJlbJioH CXeMaTJ13aQJ1H nOJlYtlaeTCB':
K6. Txp. K6. Txp.
. .
1 4 . 1
"
e./e
al
U -4 U
A '"
0- o
au
a)Ke JlJ1TepaTypHoe np0J13HOmeHHe B J1paHe BOCnpHH.HJlO
4epTbI BOKaJlJ13Ma, npJ1cY J1e HapoAHOMY H3bIKY.
9 10. ICnJ1CKJ1 CJIOB C e, '0, .ai, au
MbI pacCMOTpeJIJ1 JlJ1TepaTypHoe np0J13HOmeHHe A<praHHcTa-.
Ha. 113 Toro c eAyeT, tlTO':
a) CJlOBa, npHCY J1e K6. -11 OTCYTCTBYIO J1e B JlT. ( WKe B ToH
)l(e <popMe, tlTO J1 B K6.)" He BXO HT B TH CnJ1CKJ1. 9TJ1 CJlOBa
AOJDKHbI 6bITb YKa3aHbI B CJlOBape K6.;
6) CJlOBa JlT.,' ynoTpe6J1TeJIbHbIe B K6., np0J13HOCBTCH (tlTO
KacaeTCH apTJ1KYJIHQJ1J1 e, 0, ai, au) KaK B JlT. ,LJ;pyrJ1e CJlOBa
HerpaMoTHbIM JlIOAHM He3HaKOMbI';
B) JIJ1TepaTypHoe np0J13HOllleHJ1e A<t>raHJ1CTaHa B 60JlbWJ1H-
CTBe CJlYtlaeB 60Jlee KOHCepBaTJ1BHO, tleM Hapl) Hoe. OnpeAeJIeH-
HbIe CJlOBa, J1MeIOI' J1e B JIJ1TepaTypH.OM H3bIKe 8, B &6. HMelOT u.
pyrJ1e CJlOBa, J1MelOIll.J1e B JlJ1TepaTypHOM npoH3HOmeHHJ1 ai, B
K6. HMelOT e. 3TH CJIOBa nOMe eHbI 3HaKOM + (CM. 5, 6)';
r) CJlOBa, KOTopbIe CTaJlJ1 BeCbMa MaJloynoTpe6J1TeJlbHbIMJ1
H AJIH npoH3HOllleHJ1H KOTOpbIX B cpe e rpaMoTHbIX JlIO eH He cy-
ecTByeT HaAe)KHOH Tpa J1QJ1J1, He BXO HT B TJ1 CnJ1CKH. B HHX
BXOAHT JIJ1lllb CJlOBa nepCJ1ACKOrO npOJ1CXO)KAeHJ1H, J1J1J1 npOtlHO
aCCJ1MJ1J1J1pOBaHHbIe nepCJ1ACKHM H3bIKOM.
A) 60JlblllOe KOJIJ1q,eCTBO J1HOH3bItlHbIX CJlOB J1paHCKOro, J1H-
AJ1tickoro, TlOpKcKoro npoHCXO)KAeHJ1H J1J1H 3aJ1MCTBOBaHHbIe J13
cOBpeMeHHbIx eBponeHcKJ1X H3bIKOB, He BXOA.HT B 9TJ1 CnJ1CKH.
r JIaCHbIe J1 AJ1<pTOHrH , .8., ai, au B TJ1X 3aJ1MCTBOBaHHbIX CJIO-
Bax B H3bIKe A<praHHcTaHa 06bItlHO coxpaSHIOTCH';
e) TJ1 CnJ1CKJ1 He COAep)KaT CJlOB, 3aJ1MCTBOBaHHbIX J13
apa6CKoro H3bIKa. Apa6cKJ1e AJ1<pTOHrJ1 ai H au (KOTopbIe nepelllJlJ1
2-2 63
19
B H 8 ,na)Ke BO MHorHX apa6cIHX Hapo,nHblX rOBopax) nOtiTH
Bcer,na oxpaHSIIOTcSI B A<t>raHHcTaHe, KaK B pa3rOBopHOM Sl3bIKe,
TaK H B JIHTepaTypHOM npOH3HoweHHH.
B TH cnHCKH BKJIlOqeHbI TOJIbKO "CJIOBa-KopHH". CJIe,nyeT
no,ntlepKHYTb, tlTO:
.,) CJlO)KHble H npOH3BOAHble CJIOBa He BXO,nSlT B TH cnHCKH.
Mbl HaA,neM TaM pas (idan) C o,neBaTbCSI', HO He p6 e C no pbI-
THe', 'p8 ak 'o,ne)K,na', 'gol-p6 'nOKpblTbIA QBeTaMH'; Mbl YKa- ,
)KeM TOJIbKO be- (npe<t>HKC OTpHQaHHSI), HO He ero OeCqHCJIeHHble
npOH3Bo,nHble H T.,n.;
3) B HapyweHHe npHHQHna, C QeJlblO H30e)KaTb ,nBYCMbICJIeH-
HOCTH Mbl HHor,na nOBTopSieM HeKOTopble "KOpHH"': poyidan (pO.
yi-dan) C HCKaTb' H takapo (tak-a-po) C I10HCKH'.
11. @
abre om 'WeJIK'
&nde a 'pa3MbIWJIeHHe'
A A / A A C ,
awextan awez BernaTb
aseob · y epo'
be- (npe<pHKc oTpHQaHHSI)
· oe3-'
b d C MBa'
bedar C 60P,PCTBYIO HA'
begah, · Betlep'
b@gana · tlY)KoA'
b@gSr 'no,nHeBOJIbH
TPY t1', · 6ap HHa'
bel · JIOnaT&'
b@mar 'OOJIbHOH'
be a · po a'
bewa 'B,nOBa'.
bex · KopeHb'
bextan/bez 'npoceHBaTb'
darwe ',nepBHlu'
dahlez 'KOpH,nOp'
deler 'xpaopbIA'
derer C CO)KaJIeHHe'
d@g · KOTeJI'
d r C n03,nHo'
dew C tlY ,nOBH e'
dewana 'oe3YMHbIA'
dewar' CTeHa'
e - nOKa3aTeJIb e,nHHHtlHOCTH
e an · OHH'
falez · oaxtla'
fereftan/fereb · 06MaHbIBaTb'
feroz 'nooe,nHTeJIb'
f@roza 'OHpI03a'
g reban C BOpOT (pyoaxH)'
g@las 'tiepeWHSI'
gorextan/ gorez C cnacaTbCSI /
.6e rCTBoM'
yer@w 'KPHK', C mYM'
hamesa 'Bcer at
hee 'HI1QerO'
20
h zam 'APOBa
kar z · nOA3eMHbIA KaHaJI'
ker · MY)I(CKOA nOJIoBoA qJIeH'
lesidan · JIH3aTb'
me- - rJIarOJIbHbIA npe<pHKC
mehman · rocTb'
me '()B a'
m wa · tPPYKTbI'
mex · rB03Ab'
mez 'CTOJI'
ne eb 'CKJIOH'
ne · HeT'
n k 'xop mHH'
n st · HeT', 'HeTY'
nes/ne tar · )l(aJIO'
pa-ner 'CbIp'
pare ( -roz) · n03aBqepa'
parhez · B03Aep)l(aHHe'
palez = falez
p c 'nOBopOT'
perfthan 'Py6amKa'
pesa · neCTpbIA'
pes 'BnepeAH', l'nepeA'
pesa · tIpo<peccHSI'
12. 6
abro '6POBb'
afsos 'CO)l(aJIeHHe!
amb6h 'rycToA'
abro · qeCTb'
aras '06bSlTHSI'
" ,. t / A A . ,
amax an amoz H3yqaTb
+ b6(y) '3anax'
bodana 'nepeneJI'
b6r · 6ypbIH'
2-3 63
-
pe ani 'Jlo&'
resman 4 Bep BKa'
res · paHa'
rew 'XHTpOCTb'
rextan/r z .. JIHTbCSI'
saf d · 6eJIbIA'
seb · Sl6JIOKO'
sel · HaBOAHeHHe'
ser · CbITbIM'
,.
ser - eAHHHna Beca
am er 'Meq'
@fta 'YBJIeqeHHbIA qeM-JI.'
er · JIeB'
eraza 'nepen.1!eT KHHrH'
ewa 'cnoc06'
ewan 'nJIaq'
t ' JIe3BHe'
tez '6bICTpb1 '
xel 'TOJIna'
xele 'oqeUb'
x(w)e 'cBOA', 'pOAOTBeHHHK'
zeba 'KpaCHBbIA'
zer · 8M3'
zewar · Aparo eHHOCTb'
bosa · no e yA'
8b · AepeB,O (MaTepHaJI)'
an · naCTYX'
co idan · cocaTb'
darB}' · JlO)Kb'
dor 'naXTaHbe'
d6st · APyr'
d8s · cnH.Ha'
d6 · Bqepa'
21
<MXidan 'AOUTb' k8dak 'pe6eHOK'
d6xtan/ dQz 'WHTb J k6ftan/k6b 'cTytla Tb'
d6zax 'npeHCnOAH.H.H' k6h · ropa'
farama k. '3a6bIBaTb' k8han 'rop6'
fem/fer6d · BHH3' k8r · cJIenoA'
ferOxtan/fer8 ' npo,naBaTb' kosa · 6e360pOAb1H'
feroz · n06eAHTeJIb' k6 .ida n/k8s · CTapaTbC.H'
feroza '6Hp103a' ka( y) · y JIH a'
f 61ad 'CTaJIb' k6za C KYBWHH'
gOd · rJIy60KHH' kBra 'KY HetlHbIA ropH'
g6dal '.HMa' I Ia ' H.fIHHAP'
g6gerd 'cepa', 'CnHtlKH' mo(y) '130JIOCbI'
gar 'MOrHJIa' moza 'canorH'
gBra- xar · ,nHKHA OceJI' nak · OCTpHe'
g6sAIa 'TeJIeHOK' nol 'KJIIOB'
gospand '6apaH' n6 · neM!'
g6 'yxo' a 'OH'
gasa · yroJI' 8ftidan 'na,naTb'
gost 'M.HCO' pok 'nycToA'
g8z 'KHWetlHble ra3bI' post · KO)l(a'
g8(y) - OCHOBa HaCT, Bp. posidan 'Ha,neBaTb'
OT goftan p6(y) idan · pa3blcKHBaTb'
goy · M.HtlHK' rasa · JIaCKa' (300JI.)1
tor' CTpaHa rop' r8bah · JIHCH a'
rora · He3peJibIA nJIo,n' r6d · peKa'
r oza 'KOJIOC' r6d 'ap<p a '
hanoz · el.l\e' ,r8da · KHlllKa'
ho 'YM' r8ftan/r8b 'no,nMeTaTb'
jar'roTOBbIA' rar an 'MaCJIO'
j6 'KHneHHe' ,r8 an 'CBeTJIbIA'
jay - OCHOBa HaCT. Bp. r6(y) · JIH O'
OT jostan my · 6pOH3a'
j8(y) , pytleA' r6yidan '.paCTH'
k h ' o "" z ' n eHb '
oro Mepa paCCTO.HHH.H' &'.....
k8 · nepee3,n (Ha ,npyroe MeCTO)' r6za '1I0CT' (peJIHr.)
22
AA
rozi 'nponHTaHHe'
saba 'KYBmHH'
sab8s 'oTpy6H'
s6xtan/s8z'ropeTb'
s6(y) 'cTopoHa'
8r 'COJIeHbI '
6rbft 'cyn'
s6zan 'Hr JIa'
ar / 6ridan ',QBJ1 ra TbCH'
tan8mand 'TytlHbJlt'
+ to ' TbI'
xOr6 'WYM'
x6d 'mJI8M'
x8 a 'KOJIOC'
+ x8(y) 'xapaKTep'
-A
yoy 'Hro'
zang6la 'KOJIO OJIbtlHK'
zor 'CHJIb HbIlt'
13. ai
ai ' A! '
dai '3HMa' (JIT.)
+ gais8 'Koca'
Kai - npJ1 Ha3BaHHH
,QHHaCTHH (JIT.)
kai 'KOr,lJ;a?'
kaik · oJIQxa'
mai 'BHHO'
maida 'J13MeJIb qEjHHbIlt'
maina f coltKa'
nai 'KaMblm'
nairang 'y JIOBKa'
naiza 'Konbe'
+ omaid 'Ha,ne}l{,na'
pai 'CJIe,QoM 3a'
pai- - npe<pHKc
pai da 'Halt,n e HHbI It'
paiJam 'nOCJIaHHe'
paikar '<pJ1rypa'
paimudan/paima 'npoxo,nHTb',
, npOe3}1{a Tb' (KaKOe-JI,
paCCTO.HHHe)
paiman 'cOrJIameHHe',
, KOHTpaKT'
pai wand 'CBH3b'
pe aiman 'pacKaHBwHltcH'
aida 'BJII06JIeHHbIlt'
aipur 'ropH', .' Tpy6a'
wai 'OH'
wairin 'pa3pymeHHbIIt'
xaile 'OqeHb', 'M Horo'
xwor aid 'COJIH e'
14. au
calau '6eJIblit nJIOB'
darau '}I{aTBa'
dau - OCHoaa HacT.ap.
OT dawidan
gauhar ',nparo eHHbIIt KaMeHb'
gerau c JIO r'
yauya 'mYM', 'I'aM'
jau 'HtlMeHb'
2-4 63
23
. j aur 'yrHeTeHHe'
j elau 'Y3,netlKa'
nau 'HOBbIA'
palau · nJIOB'
rau - OCHOBa HaCT. Bp. I
OT raftan
saugand 'npHcHra'
au - OCHOBa HaCT. Bp.
OT odan
auhar 'MY)l{'
enau - OCHOBa HaCT. Bp.
OT onidan
za,ulana 'HapytlHHKH'
KOM6HHaTopHa «I>oHeTHKa
9 15. PHCCHMHJIHQHB TeM6pa
H KOJIHtleCTBa rJIaCHOrO Ha paCCTOHHHH
HatlaJIbHOe a HBJI.HeTCH KpaTKHM (BY JIbr. K6.)' B CJIOBaX
azmftye! · HcnbITaHHe', laraye 'YKparneHHe', .aW8z '3BYK', ,KO-
TopbIe B <:t6bltlHOM K6. npOH3HOCHTCB a (KaK B JIT.). B K6. I1MeeT-
CH awezan 'nOBemeHHbIA'.
Esof - IOcycp - JIT. iYusof, .Enos - IOHYc - JIT. 'Yunos,
err a 'HHOXO,l);b', .cp. rryp. 'Y0rra.
xereman '3aHOCtlHBbIA' - JIT. !Xeraman, I fereman '06HJIb-
HbIA' - JIT. ferawan, I yalb@l 'pemeTO' - JIT. rarbal.
j16. ;l);HCCHMHJIBQHH np" CTH)I(eHHH f"JIaCHbIX
8 ,l);BYX Ba)KHbIX CJIytlaBx Ha CTbIKax CJIOB a + a ,l);aeT He
/a (cp. 21), a ; .TaK B3bIK H36eraeT ceMaHTHqecKHx CMe-
meHHA.
opMa nepcpeKTa H cpopMa acpcpHKca rJIarOJIa-cy ecTBH-
TeJIbHOrO B I-M JIHQe e,l);HHCTBeHHoro tlHCJIa: estad m 'H CTOIO' -
JIT. stada-am (CM. 144a - 147,M 42).
Cycpq:'HKCaJIbHbIe JIHtlHbIe MeCTOHMeHHH-,nonOJIHeHHH -em,
-et .. , cooTBeTcTBYIOT B JIT. -am, ,-at H T.,l1. CO CJIOBaMH, OKafltlJt-
BalOInHMHCB Ha -a, HMeeM, HanpHMep, K6. me-zanet 'OH Te6H
6beT' (BMecTo m -zana(d)-et)... ,( CM. 111). TO)Ke Ha6JIIO-
,naeTcB, Kor,na MeCTOHMeHHe ynoTpe6JIBeTCH KaK npHTB)KaTeJIb-
Hoe: ba et · TBoA CbIH' (BMeCTO ba a + at) . 'CpaBHeHHe C JIT.
24
, "
BblSlBJlSleT P; CC M JlSlQ 1O e = a + a; caM no ce6e K6.
AaeT aCC M JlSlQ 1O = a + e (CM. J 112).
9 17. COKpal.l\eHHe f'JlaCHbIX
nop; BJIHHHHeM aCCHMHJISlQHH
TeM6p rJIaCHOrO KaKOrO-JIH60 CJIOI'a BJIHHeT Ha TeM6p rJIae.-
Horo COCep;HeI'O CJIora:
"
H3-3a aCCHMHJIJ1pYlOl.l\erO BJIHHHHH a MeeM - a BMeCTO a:
BY JIbr. awang , cTynKa' (JIT. hawan), ayna · 3epKaJIO' - JIT.. eyina,
astar C nOp;KJIap;Ka', I gandana pa3HOBHp;HOCTb JIYKa - JIT. gandana ...
o BMeCTO u: bodan C 6bITb' (npeTepHT bud), .podina ' MHTa'. e
BMeCTO i: deg 'P;PYf'OH' - JIT. digar; ,
nop; BJIHHHHeM - e BM-ecTo it: respan' BepeBKa' - JIT.
resrnan, ,merz8 'nHcapb' - JIT!I (a) mir-za(d) (a) 'rpaMo'rHbIA
P;BOPHHHH"; 0 BMeCTO u: solax C oTBepcTHe' - JIT. surax, laros
C HeBeCTa' - JIT. tarns, ,mftlom 'H3BeCTHbIA' - JIT. maflum;
nop; BJIHHHKeM 0 - 0 BMeCTO u S: qolox 'KOM 3eMJIH'
.
JIT. kolux, I ogur ' oI'10TOK' npOH3HOCHTCH TaK)I{e ogor, ,8 sotun
C KOJIOHHa' np0J13HOCHTCH TaKxe soton;
qaCTHQa m , nepexop;HT B me ( CM. 142l.
COKpal.l\eHHe p;OJIroro rJIaCHOrO B KOHQe CJIOBa He HaOJIIO'-
p;aeTCH. 113yqeHHe BapHaHTOB KOpHH HaCTOjll.l\erO BpeMeHH (CM.
146) B 9TOM OTHomeHHH nOKa3aTeJIbHO.
18. ICOKpal.l\eHHe rJlaCHbIX B npoH3BoAHbIX,
CJIO}l{HbIX CJIOBaX H T.n.
3TO .SIBJIeHHe HMeeT MeCTO npe)l{p;e Bcero B Tex CJIyqaHX,
Korp;a 4>aKT p;epHBaQHH HJIH CJIOBOCJlO)l{eHHJI "He OI.l\Yl.l\aeTC.H It
HOC TeJIHM H3bIKa :
.
a(h) C KOpOJIb' - ayi - · ,neHe)l{HaH ep;HHHQa'
pay C Hora' - payzar C BOCTOqHaH 06YBb'
ir , MOJIOKO' - erin 'CJIap;KHA'
erin 'CJIap;KHA' - erE1ti 'CJIa.nOCTH'
bi-bi(n) C nOCMOTpH' - me-benorr: C H BH)I{Y'
25
is(t) 'qTO 3TO' - est '3ara,LtKa'
t5rik · TeMHbIA' - tareki 'TeMHOTa'
dur · .naJIeKHA' - dorbin 'nO,n30pHaH Tpy6a'
(h) u · BHHMaHHe', · YM' - o yar 'YMHbIA'
mur - Ha3BaHHe HaceKOMoro - mor a · MypaBeH'
· deg 'KOTeJI' - degdin 'oqar'
ne '}I{aJIO' - ne tar 'JIaHQe,T'
' ar .COJIeHbIA' - sorwa 'cyn'
du ',nBa' - do-roz-a · ,nByx,nHeBHbIA'.
YKa3aTeJIbHble MeCTOHMeHHH i H U, , BonpOCHTeJIbHOe i,
. A
qaCTHQa me nepexo,nHT, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, B e, ,0 (CM. '9115),
e ( CM. 116), me (CM. 132), COCTaBJIH.H e,lJ;HHOe QeJIoe co
CJIOBaMH, KOTOpbIM OHH npe,nmecTBYIOT.
19. ' pyrHe CJIyqaH aCCHMHJIHQHH rJIaCHbIX
H3-3a aCCHMHJIHpYIOInero BJIHHHHH a - e BMeCTO u: pesar
JIT. pusar; . u BMeCTO i: ' uya · IIIHHT' (JIT. ita).
no,n BJIHHHHeM a - a BMeCTO a: asta' Me,nJIeHHO' (JIT.
Shesta); BMeCTO e: @zAr' TPYCbI', a BMeCTO e': afa' HCQe-
JIeHHe', amama · TlOp6aH', IJIT. l,emftma; a BMeCTO 0: aftadan
'na,naTb', da nim 'ocKop6JIeHHe', e BMeCTO o/u': jerab 'HOC-
KH'; 0 BMeCTO i': donyat' peJIHI'H03Hble 3HaHHH' JIT. diniyat.
npHMeqaTeJIbHO i-xub/ o- xob · KaKoA XOpOIIIHH ...'
no,n BJlHHHHeM i - e BMeCTO a: ke ti · JIO Ka', .nezdik
· 6JIH3KHH', I eke tan · JIOMaTbCH' JIT. ekastan; i BMeCTO g:
bixi 'qoBopmeHHo', 'nOJIHOCTbIO' (npH b x 'KopeHb'). OTMeTHM
teqer 'rJI.a,nKHA KapaKYJIb' OT Y36. taqer 'pe,nKHA', .'HerycToH'.
no,n BJIHHHMeM 0 - 8 BMeCTO e B goroxtan 'cnacaTbCH
6erCTBOM' (H gorextan).
no,n BJIHHHHeM e - e BMeCTO a: B eke tan JIT. ekastan.
no,n BJIHHHHeM u - 0 BMeCTO a: B Abdo okur BMeCTO
l.abd-o(l) akur - HMB co6cTBeHHoe:.; 0 BMeCTO : B BYJlbr.
ondu 'HH,nyC' H ,naJIee no,n BJIHHHHeM 0 - 0 BMeCTO u: B BY JIbr.
Ondost n - HH,nHH (JIT. Hendu, .Hendustan).
26
nO,n BJIHSHHeM e - i BMeCTO Blu': BYJIbr. gessi BMeCTO
JIT. ges8/g@su 'KOCa'.
qacTH a be nepexo,nHT B bi/bo (CM . I 133). CM. {}'aK)I(e
g156.
20. ACCHMHJIHpYIOInee BJIH.HHHe H3aq>eTa
H npHT.H)I(aTeJIbHOrO MeCTOHMeHH.S1
r JIaCHbIH e H3acpeTa H npHT.H)KaTeJIbHorO MeCTOHMeHHlI
(CM. 112) BJIH.HeT Ha TeM6p rJIaCHOrO nOCJIe):\Hero CJIora B
HeKoTopblX cJIoBaX'i npHBo,nHMbIe npHMepbl - 9TO npe)K,ne Bcero
TepMHHbI pO)J;cTBa, OKaHqHBaIOInHeC.H Ha -dar/-dor H oc06eHHo
illHpOKO ynoTpe6HTeJIbHble :
madar · MaTb'
padar · OTe : ,
by.adar · 6paT'
a wdor ')J;.H,n.H',
HO mader- et
HO pader-et
HO byader-et
HO awder-et
adar · qa)J;pa' ,
HO ader-et
mader-e-tu 'TBO.H a Tb'
pader-e-tu · TBOH OTe '
byader-e-tu 'TBOH 6paT'
a wder-e-tu 'TBOH ,n.s,nll'
(BY JIbr.)
- ader-e-tu 'TBO.H .qa,npa'
3TO .HBJIeHHe, OrpaHHqeHHOe HaH60JIee ynoTpe6HTeJIbHblMH
CJIOBaMH, He pacnpOCTpaH.HeTC.H Ha ,npyrHe; rOBOp.HT kaftar-et
'TBOH rOJIy6b'.
3Ta aCCHMHJISlJ.J;HSI rJIaCHbIX BbI3BWIa B KOHJ.J;e KO OB B HeKOTO-
pbIX CJIOBaX 3aMe etIHe rJIaCHOrO a KOHeqHOrO CJIora rJIaCHbIM e,
,IJ;a)Ke Kor)J;a OHH He COnpOBO)l{,naIOTC.H H3acpeTOM HJIH npHT.H)Ka-
TeJIbHblM MeCTOHMeHHeM : ates · orOHb', , e m · rJIa3', .dest
'PYKa'.
· 21. ACCHMHJI.HJ.J;HSI TeM6pa rJIaCHblX
no,n BJIH.HHHeM COrJIaCHbIX
PerpeCCHBHa.H aCCHMHJI.H H.H B HeKoTopblX CJIOBaX': a nepe-
XO)J;HT BOB zoban '.H3bIK', nomaye · BbICTaBKa', ,moba 'XOJIe-
pa' - JIT. lWaba. B K6. KpeCT. nomaz · HaMa3'.
naJiaTaJIH3a H.H rJIaCHOrO no,n BJIH.HHHeM HOCOBoro I1': painj
, nSlTb' (JIT. panj ), penj · n.HTb,neC.HT" gainj 'COKpOBHIne' JIT. ganj
27
nporpeCCHBHa.H aCCHMHJI.HQH.H ; B TO BpeMSI KaK KOHeqHOe
- n B K6. .cOXpaH.HeTC.H (CM. 4), HMeeTC.H xon- BMeCTO JIT. xwan -
B xon a · 60JIbIlJOe 6JIIOAO', ,xonda BMeCTO JIT. ocwanda B doxtar-
xonda 'npHeMHa.H AOqb'. inpHMeqaTeJIbHO TaK)I(e -yom BNleCTO
JIT. yam- 1- yam- B paiyom-bar C npopoK' (3,Qecb TaK)Ke HaJIHQO
perpeccHBHoe BJIH.HHHe COqeTaHHH .n -t -nd-, -mb- .).
1JacTHQa be- nepeXO,QHT B b<? (CM. 143).
<popMa -om OKOHqaHH.H l-ro JIHQa e,QHHCTBeHHoro qHCJIa
(JIT. -am) ( CM.1144), BepO.HTHO, 06bSlCHSIeTC.H perpeccHBHbIM
BJIM.HHHeM em, ,qeMY cnoc06cTByeT TaK)Ke 60JIblliOe KOJIHtleCTBO
rJIaCHbIX 3a,QHero p.H,Qa B rJIarOJIbHbIX KOpH.HX.
22. CT.H)KeHH.H H aCCHMHJI.HQH.H rJIaCHbIX.
3JIH3H.H. CTbIKH CJIOB
MbI BHOBb BCTpeTHMC.H C 9THMH npHMepaMH npH H3yqeHHH
Mop<pOJIOrHH ; 9TO KacaeTCSI CJIOB, BeCbMa ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbIX B
H3bIKe:
a = a 1: a J
a =a +a
" -}... +
a - (1 a:
a =e +a ]
u = e +u
e=e+a:
nafta 'He ynaJi 6bl OH'; koj'as 4 r,Qe OH?'; 'mam
'MbI TO)l(e' (JIT. tna-(h) amJ.
naword 'OH He npHHec' (CM. 152 ).; namad
'OH He npHllieJl'; nay 'He npHXO,QH! noqrSbi
'cepe6pHcTbIH'; xana 'AoMa' fJIT. xana-(h) a] ;
dega 'APYFHe' (diga(r)(h)a]; degam'e e!'
[JiTe diga(r) (h) am] .
kaz 'qTO H3...' (JIT. ke az) j ku .. qTO OH'
(JIT. ke u).
be ndaz '6 P oc b ! ' ; be ft C Y na AH !' ,
e = e + a: mendazom'.H 6pocalO', I meftom '.H na,Qaio'.
i\_A +
e-e a.
,
"- + "
e - a e:
28
D A A H K
ewyanan - Ha3BaHHe panOHa B a6YJIe
(D Afranan) .
Balesar - QHTa,QeJIb Ka6y JIa (JIT. ,Bala.l}e ar);
ba e 'KaKoH To MaJIbqHK' (CM. f 90).
= a + e':
A _", +
e-e e:
i = i + e:
m@..zan@ '08 6beT ero' (CM. 111)';
bande-xoda 'pa6 60}l{HA'; ,ba cet 'TBOA CbI H'
(BMeCTO ba a -tet).
de-tu 'TBO.H ,QepeBH.H' (CM. f 103).
xo i-tu 'TBO.H pa,QocTb' ( CM. 24a), me-zani
'TbI 6beWb ero' (CM. 10 I).
9 23. 'Coe,QHHHTeJlbHble nOJIY1'JIaCHbIe
n 0 JI Y l' JI a C H a.H Y:
A A +
aye = a e:
"" " + ....
aye = a "'e:
,
". . + .
aYI = a I:
A _ +
eya-e a:
". A ,, + 1\
eya = e a:
daryaye Kabol I peKa Ka6YJl'.
daryaye KaKa.H,-TO peKa'.
CY<P<PHKC i (CM. 156,M 1).
deyaki ',QepeBeHcKHA }l{HTeJIb' [de(h) + akil.
deya · ,QepeBHH' (CM. 101).
iye = i + e: ke tiye 'KaKa.H-TO JIo,QKa'.
uye =u + e: aluye 'KaKa.H-TO CJlHBa'.
oye = a + : koye' KaKa.H-TO ropa' (CM. 100).
n 0 JI Y r JI a C H a.H W:
A A " + A
owa =0 a:
k6,,'a 'ropbI' (k6(h) +(h) ) (CM. 101.,).
24. BKJIlOqeHHe coe,QHHHTeJIbHOM nOJIyrJIaCHOM y
B CJIOBa, OKaHqHBalO Hec.SI Ha ,n;OJl1'HM 1'JIaCHbIH
B JIT. HMeeM fa-y-e tu 'TBoe MecTo'. a "MecTo" Ha3bI-
BaeTC.H ja HJIH j y; nOJIyrJIaCHbIH BKJIlOqaeTC.H B npocTYIO <POPMY
cYllle TBHTeJIbHoro. B K6. npocToH <pOpMbI ja He cywecTByeT BO-
Bce; HMeeTC.H
1(6.
,HT.
jay 'MeCTO'
pay' Hora'
n n-bay C neKapb'
_j a/j ay
pa/pay
" "' j A
nan-wa, -way
29
To )Ke Ha6J1IO,naeTc H B OJlOBaX, r,ne K6. uy COOTBeTcTByeT
JlT. 6/8y':
K6. JIT.
ruy · JlH O' r6/roy
muy C BOJlOCbI' / A
. mo moy
buy' 3anax' bB/b8y
juy (K6. KpeCT. ) j6/j8y
· pyqeA'
JIT. s6/&8y 'HanpaBJleHHe' - K6. \Su/so. 'JIT. so-y-e 'no
HanpaBJleHHIO K' COOTBeTcTByeT B K6. so-nee (CM. 19 127), n
HrpaeT pOJIb coe,nHHHTeJlbHOrO COrJlaCHOrO ( BJleHHe, BeCbM.a
pacnpOCTpaHeHHoe B rOB ope repaTa), B K6. HeT <pOpMbI suy,
KOTopa ,naJia 6bI suy-e (CM. 49).
9 25. ACCHMHJI H PJlaCHbIX e, .i H 0, IU
coe,nHHHTeJIbHbIMH nOJlyr JlaCHbIMH
3TO KacaeTC y H w, JlH60 THMOJlOrHqeCKHX, JIH60 coe)J;H-
HHTeJlbHbIX.
II p 0 r p e C C H B H a a C C H M H JI H I:
ay = ay + e':
A _" +
ay - aye:
" + .
ay = ay r:
uy=u(y) +e:
6y = 8(y) + e':
nay- elam c TpOCTHHK ,nJl KaJlb Ha'; .days
f'B HeM' (CM. 116). .
qaye m / qGyem · KpenKHA' (JiT. qayem)!;
pay-tu 'TBO Hora'. "
ayna '3epKaJlO' , I ayngar · KY3He ', ,IJaynda-
HM co6CTBeHHoe.
81uy yazni 'ra3HHAcKa CJlHBa'; . uy tu
'TBOA MY)K'.
abr6y tu · TBOH 6pOBH'.
aw =a(w) + 0: maw-tu ' H TbI'.
30
per pee C H B H a a C C H M H JI Q H x:
ya=i(y) + a: yft ' TH' (CM. 114), yam 'TaK)Ke H
TH'; myana 'cpeAHHA', ke. tya 'JIOAKH'
('CM . 101).
ya = e(y) + .:
1\ "' ( ) 'J\
ya = e y + a:
W8 =u(w) + :
Xamy b - AepeBH Ha AMy.- apbe).
deya/dya 'AepeBHH' (CM. 'l01)
ondwa 'HHAYCbl t (CM. 101), alwa
'CJIHBbl t (CM. 101), p lwa 'CTOPOHbI'
( eM. ' 101).
wa =o(w) +a: abrwa '6POBH' (CM. j101).
ya = e(y) + : myari C Tbl npHHocHlllb' (CM. 142)';
myafi C TbI HaxoAHlllb' ( CM. 142)';
myayi C Tbl npHxoAHlllb' ( CM. 142).
ya = e(y) + a: Fazlyamad - HM C06CTB. .Fazl-e Ahmad.
Pe3YJlbTaTbi YTpaTbl npH blxaHHSI
26. YTpaTa npH;J;bIxaHH.H
3BYK h, apTHKYJIHpyeMbIH cJIa60 B Tpa HQHoHHOM JIHTepa-
TypHOM npoH3HollleHHH, B pa3roBopHoM 3bIKe He apTHKYJIHpyeT-
C.H BOBce. Pe KHe CJIOBa (0603HaqalO He npe)l(Ae Bcero THqeCKH-
peJIHrH03Hble nOH.HTHH) npOH3HOC.HTC , 'Oc06eHHO B CeJIbCKOH MeCT-
HOCTH, C 60JIee HJIH MeHee y aqHOH nonbITKOU nepe aTb nepCHA-
CKoe h H apa6CKHe h, h, « aUH» H « XaM3a» .
.
Bo06 e, nepCH CKoe h (H n.HTb cpOHeM, RPHCY HX apa6CKHM
3aHMCTBOBaHH.HM) B Ka6y JIH BbInaJIM. nOCJIe CTBH.H Toro cpaKTa
CblrpaJIH Ba)l(HYIO pOJIb B pa3Me)l(eBaHHH K6. H ,JIT.
S HeKOTopbIX CJIyqa.HX BbIna eHHe h (H n.HTH apa6CKHX O-
HeM) B HaqaJIe HJIH B KOHQe CJIora He BJIH.HeT Ha <POHeTHqeCKHA
COCTaB CJIOBa. 1-10 MbI YBH HM, tlTO 06bIqHO BbIna eHHe h HMeeT
Ba)KHble nOCJIe,[\CTBH.H AJI.H BOKaJIH3Ma (CM. .H28-33) Ka6YJIH.
31
27. IBbIna eHHe B HaqaJIe CJIora
K6. a = JIT. ha:
K6,' a = JIT. ta:
K6. a = JIT. ha:
.
K6. a - JIT. fa:
K6. G = JlT. h :
K6. G = JIT. h :
.
K6. '5 = t :
K6. a = JIT. s,a:
K6. e = JIT. he:
K6. e = JIT. he:
.
K6. e = JIT. te:
K6. Ii = .,'IT. hi
K6. @ = JlT. h@:
K6. iU = JIT. hU':
K6. IU = JlT. bu:
K6.
ar · Ka)K bIM
am 'TaK)Ke'
an8z · e e'
asti · TbI eCTb'
aft 'ceMb'
a t 'BoceMb'
azar 'TbIC.Hqa'
'Ali - AJIH
ay51 ()KeHa'
akim 'My peQ', ,e Bpm '
al l c 03BOJIeHHbIH 3a-
KOHOM'
airan cY HBJleHHbIH'
amr 'npHKa3'
A
IA em - XanIJ1M
jaGn 'MHP'
akem 'ry6epHaTOp'
Alem C yqeHbIM'
ftmer · HpeKTOp'
be-e t 'paM'
elgl C nOJlYMeC.HQ'
esab 'Cq T'
el aj 'Jleqe HHe'
be-i 'aHBa'
e 'HHqerO'
u 'YM'
U t 'p bI 6 a' (co 3 Be 3A 1e )
28. 'BbIna eHHe h B KOHQe CJlora
K6. 'a = JlT. ah:
K6. a = ,JlT. ah
.
32
JIT.
har
ham
hanBz
hasti
haft
ha t
hazar
l, al i
tayal
hakim
.
I} al al
hairan
.
amr
Hasem
jahan
I}akem
tal em
amer
behe t
h el al
hesab
, .
t,el aj
behi
he
hu
but
ta C HH3' - tah, Ida' AeC.HTb' - dah, gawara
, KOJIbI6eJlb' - gab wara 11 T.A.
mosatta 'nOTOJlOK J - mosattab
.
K6,' =,JlT. ah!:
K6 a = JlT ah.
. " .
AlIa AJlJlax
saba' 3aBTpa' - sabat · YTPO'
j29, Y,nJlHHeHHe rJlaCHblX B pe3YJlbTaTe BbInaneHH
nepCH,nCKoro h
K6, S = JlT, ah: ar' ropo,n' - Jahr, .da ' ,nec Tb yazda
'o,nHHHa,n aTb'-,-wG-w · 6paBo!' -, bah..bah H T,.n.i' OTCIO,na aa=
aha, .K8K a naar ' 3aBTpaK' - nahar, 'aar 'KpaXMaJi t - ahir.
. "
K6, @ = JlT, eh/h : d@' ,qepeBRH' - deh, t be 'xQP mot,
'Jlyqrne' - beh, tb@tar 'Jlyqrne"- behtar, t'S@ 'TPH' - seh, tgere
'Y3eJl' - gereh H T,n,
OTMeTHM TaK)I{e: meman · rOCTb' - mehman, .deqan 'Kpe-
CTb HHH' - dehqan, - era 'JlH O', -mer' Jl1060Bb',
I1MeeTc TaK)Ke: ela 'noKHHyTblA' - hela (cp. U1T, 'he' !an).
K6, 6= JlT, oh': kana 'cTapbIA' - kohna.
npHMepbI CJlOB, r,ne y,nJlHHeHHe I'JlaCHOrO B03HHKaeT H3-3a
ablna,neHH h B HaqaJle cJlora (TaK 'qTO h npe,nmecTByeT 9TOMY
rJlacHoMY) HeMHOrOqHCJleHHbl!: m (9HKJlHTHKa) · TaK)Ke' - ham,
Erat - repaT - Herat.
j' 30. .Y,nJlHHeHHe rJlaCHbIX
a pe3YJlbTaTe.Bblna eHWI apa6cKHx h, , , t,'
Ta6J1uf4a.2
-
K6,' Ap.
1f 1 : -ah- 1f 2: -ab- 1f 3: -af,- N: 4: ,-a5' -
-a-
" 1t 5: -eh- -1t 6: ,-eh- 7!: -et,,- 1f 8: -e -
-e-
.
" 1t 9: -oh- 1f 1 (): -dh- 1f 11!:-ot - 1f 12: -of
.
.
npHMepbl:
1f I, qar 'rHea' - qahr, ,famidan 'no'HHMaTb' - fahmidan.
'-' '
If 2, 'Amad - AXMa,n - 'AQmad, rSm · )l{aJlOCTb,' - raom,
nas c 3JlOnoJlyqHbIA' - naQs, .awAI 'HOBOCTH' (MH, OT al l).
M 3, wada · 06e.InaHHe' - w8l,da, .taw.iz 'aMYJleT' - tacwiz,
clawS 'T J{6a' - dal,wa, .n l 'no,nKoBa' - n8t l , ,yane 'TO eCTb' -
.
y ac nl.
3-63 3_3'
N 4 takid · YTBep)K eHHe' - ta kid.
1f zen 'YM' :- zehn (ap. ehn).
;M 6 merab C Mexpa6' (B MeqeTH) - mel}rab, ,lem 'na.HHHe' -
lehm.
.
1f 7 ' er C CTHxoTBopeHHe' - t:tr, ,etebar C oBepHe. -
et,tebar, tale C POK' - taleC"
1f 8 8 pa3roBopHoM .H3bIKe apa6cKMe 3aHMCTBOBaHH.H OT-
CYTCTBYIOT.
1f 9 . arat 'H3BecTHocTb' - ohrat.
1f 10 s8bat C pa3roBop' - so bat.
;M 11 81a 'nJlaM.H' - sotla, Itoma 'nH a' - tot,ma, ,z8f
kadan 'na aTb B 06MOPOK' - JlT. z f 'CJIa60CTb' H T..n.
1f 12 momen 'BepYIO HH' - mo men, ,sol8 c MHp ' H3 soloh
- solI}. 1JTO KaCaeTC.H sab 'YTPO' - sobQ, ,TO npOMe-
)KYTOqHa.H cpopMa OJl)KHa 6bITb sohb (cp. opaCaHCKt1H f'OBOp).
8 060HX cJlyqa.HX -6- B03HHKaeT H3 -oh-.
npHMepbI CJIOB, B KOTOpbIX YAJIHHeHHe f'JIaCHOf'O BbI3BaHO
Bblna eHHeM apa6cKoH cpoHeMbJ B HaqaJIe CJIOf'a, pe KH': aros
C HeBeCTa' (ap. t arus ), ewaz 'BMeCTO' (ap. tewa'i).
31. ACCHMHJI.HQH.H H CT.H)KeHHe f'JIaCHbIX
B pe3Y JIbTaTe BbI na eHH.H h:
K6.
K6. a = JIT. aha d n 'P T'
p@ran C py6alllKa'
K6. a = JIT. aba ' : lat 'MOf'I1JIa'
sar 'paccBeT'
mabat 'JII060Bb'
K6. a = JIT. a(h) a': xwar 'cecTpa'
xat ( CM. 145)
CM. am (JiT. ham HKJIHTHKa. CM. j 135)
K6. = JIT. a( ) a: haq 'HecnpaBe JIHBO'
K6. a = JIT. <t) a': sAt 'qac', 'qaCbI'
ja at 'co6paHHe (Ha
MOJIHTBY) ,
34
JIT.
dahan
perahan
lahad
.
sabar
mahabbat
.
xwAhar
xwahad
na+ I}(a) q
sac at
. '"
Jamatat
K6. a = JlT. a( ) :
K6. a = JlT. a(h) a:
K6. a = JlT. ala:
K6. a = 0t :
K6. a = JlT. oh :
.
K6. a = JlT. 0tal:
K6. a = JlT. 0 a::
,..
1\6. a = JlT. eha :
K6. a = JlT. oha':
K6. a = JlT. 0La:
K6.
JIT.
en ala ',naJi 60r'
b r 'aeCHa'
bana 'noBo,n'
a dar ',npaKoH'
j Az 'CaMOJleT'
W ab - Baxxa6
modda 'QeJlb'
rmmel a 'c,neJl a'
Mamat - foxaMMaA
matel '3a,nep)l(aHHbI '
mal em (BYJlbr.) C npe-
no,naBaTeJlb'
mazen (BY Jlbr.) 'MY-
A3HHJ, 'MYJlJIa'
j t (BYJlbr.) · npH4HHa' j ehat
mandes 'apxHTeKTop' mohandes
CPt TaK)I(e 'S6da 'KJlaA6 HI.e Y no,nHO)l(H.H
Ka6y JlbCKOH QHTa,neJlH' ' ohad c MY4eHH-
KH'
en. a a'lah
bahar
bahana
azdahAr
jahAz
\\:ahhAb
moddat,R
motGmala
Mobammad
motattal
m0t,allem
mof.azzen
mallaq 'cKa40K'
mot,allaq
g 32. Coe,nHHHTeJlbHble nOJlyrJlaCHble,
3aMell{aIOll{Me h, h, b
3H.HHHe, B03HHKlllee H3-3a YTpaTbl npH,nblxaHH.H, YCTpaH.HeTC.H
cpoHeMaMH y H W Cpt 23.
K6. aya = JlT. S(h) a:
K6. aye- = JlT. a(h) e:
K6. ayi = JlT. a(h) i:
3- 2 63
K6.
JIT.
me-xwfth.a( d)
xwahe
sahed
kahel
j a hel
me-xaya c OH x04eT'
x ye ')((-eJia HHe'
ayed 'CBJ1p;eTeJIb J
kayel '.,18 HUSbIn'
j ayel 'HeSe)KeCTBeH-
Hbl H '
nl -xSyi 'Tb[ X04eWb J
mayi 'pbl6a J
me-xwahi
mahi
35
K6. Syi = JIT. A( ) it:
K6. aye = JIT. a<Ll e:
K6. -oye = JlT. .o(h) e':
K6. oyti = JIT. 0<0 it:
n oJIyrJIacHhlA
K6. awo =- JIT. a(h) d:
K6. awu = JIT. a(h) u:
K6. Bwu = JIT. Ahu:
K6. JIT.
'sorayi 'rpa4»HH' 'sor6 i
qawayed 'nopB,QoK' qaw8Led
moyen: (BY JIbr.) c'Ba)l{flblA' mohemm
moyin' 3aM. MHHHCTpa' mOlllJ
w nepe,Q 0 H u':
.K6.
dawom ' ,QeC5IThlA'
jawud 'eBpeA'
8WU · ,n)l(eApaH'
k&wu 'CaJIaT'
JIT.
dahom
jahud
ahu
kahu
! 33. ACCHMHJIB HB rJIaCHhlX e, i H 0', u coe,nHHHTeJIb-
HhlMH nOJIyrJIaCHbIMH, 3aMell(alOInHMH h, h, So
n p 0 r p e C C H B H a B a C C H M H JI B H B:
K6. ay = JIT. a( ) e:
K6. ay = JIT. 6<t) e:
K6. ay =JIT. a(f)e:
K6. ay = JIT. a(h) i:
K6. 8Y , JIT. a(h) :
sayb 'rocno,nHH'
(liM. 157)
'qayda 'npaBHJIO'
farda 'nOJIb3a'
elAy '60)l(e!'
may-gir 'phl60JIOB'
mSyS 'PbI6bl'
(CM.. lOl)
gay · HHor,na'
saheb
.
qftteda
fafeda
elGhi
m3hi-gir
A h . h I'
ma 1- a
gah-e
P"e,J: p e C C H B H a B a C C H M H JI B H S
K6. ya = JIT. e(h) i:
K6. y8 = JIT. e(b) ft:
K6. yl = JIT. e( ) a
K6. ya = JIT. i(t) a':
K6., ya = JIT. i( ) g:
36
nyal · Ca)l(eHe '
e tyi 'anneTHT'
lyaf 'o,neBJIO'
Iyaz · nO'lTeHHe'
fat,S naHMxH,na'
ya · WHHT'
nasyat 'COBeT'
fazyat · CKaHAaJI'
nehSI
e teha
lehaf
.
lehaz
.
f eha
.
ita
nasihat
. .
fazihat
.
K6. wi = .liT. u(h) I:
wi · OHM'
swan · HanHJlbHH '
K6. wi = .liT. O<t) i:
K6.
dwa · MOJlHTBa'
lwib · coyc'
swSl · BOnpOC'
dwibasi · ABa a66aCH'
(AeHe)KHaH eAHHHua)
K6. wa = .liT. 0('">_:
K6. wa = .liT. 0ta:
KOHCOHATI13M
.f 3 4"
u+ ha ( 100)
suhin
nT.
a
IOfAb
so "81
.
.H3b1 Ka.
COrJlaCHbie Ka6YJlH CXOAHbl C COrJlaCKblMH JlHTepaTypHoro
Ta6J.uqa 3
-
I II III
p b t d k g q
.
)
f s z x
J ( )
w y
m n
I
.
. r
Jl aD u aA fJ H 'bl e co 'It II a C H 'bl e
g 35. p/b
COf'.naCHbIH p ,IIpOTHBOIIOCTaBJleH b; B TO )((e BpeM Ha6J11O-
l(aIOTC BY Jibf'. posa C IIOQeJIYH' - JIT. bosa, poqana B03AYlllHblH llIa-
pl1K' - JIT. buq- na.
: "3 63
37
36. p/f
CorJlac{IbIA p K6. B HeKOTopblX CJlOBaX COOTBeTcTByeT f B
JlT..: paxtak I B XHpb' - JlT. ffixta; qaf 'Jla,noHb' - JlT. kaf (OT-
clO,na qap ak C JlOnaTKa', qap kadan 'noAMaTb', kapa 'npHropm-
H '), qaf 'neHa' - JlT. kaf, palta 'cpHTHJlb' - JlT. fatila. JIT.
k8hin (*k8f-an) 'rop6' (y Bep6J1IO,na) COOTBeTcTByeT K6. k8Gn/
ko wan (CM. 32) H K6. k6pGn.
HMeeTC H 06paTHoe COOTBeTCTBHe: faluda ')I(eJle B CMe-
TaHe' - JlT. pftluda.
.f37. w/b
CorJlaCHbiA w Ka6YJlH BJI eTC 6HJla6HaJlbHblM oKpyrJleH-
HbI t4 .
JIa6HoAeHTWlbHoro COrJlaCHoro v (KaK 80 cppa 3CKOM) fie
CYIneCTByeT HH B Ka6YJlH, HH B TpaitH HoHHOM M JlHTepaTypHOM
npOH3HomeHHH AcpraHHCTaHa (JiT. afdah 'ceMHaA aTb' - K6. avda,
HO TO cJlytlaAHbJ A aKT KOM6HHaTopHoA cpoHeTHKH': -vd- 3at;e-
InaeT -fd-) (cp. 9 59). CPt B rOBope naHA)I(wepa ved r '60APCT-
BYIOW,HA' - K6. H JlT. b@dar, v ran 'pa3pyweHHbIA', KaK B JlT.
(K6. ber&n).
wa- B HatlaJIe cJlora COOTBeTcTByeT JlT. .ba-: .a-wa · 6pa-
BO!' - JlT. bah-bah, npecpHKc \\'ar- (CM. 9 158) - JlT. bare,
nawardi · COnepHJltleCTBO' - JlT. nabard. Ha6J1IOAaeTC.H wa BMe-
CTO JlT. La B war 'pa3' - JlT. b r, B Cycp4>HKce -wan (CM. j 156,
1f 45) - JlT. -bAn, wa(z) · OTKPbITblii' JlT. baz, orwa · cyn' - JlT.
6rba, qawala 'KynqaH KpenocTb' - JlT. qabala.
CpeAHHHoe HJlH KOHetlHoe -aw- COOTBeTcTByeT JlT. ,..ab-:
taw · JlHXOpaAKa' - JlT. tab, aw 'HOtlb' - JlT. ab, sawz '3e-
JleHblJi' - JlT. sabz, kawk 'KyponaTKa' - JlT. kabk, BYJlbr. qaws
'3anop' - JIT. qabz, -awe, cooTBeTcTBYIOInee JlT. - b-, nepewJlo'
(CM. 8) B -aw- ': taw' CKPYtlHBaHHe' - JlT. tab, aftaw 'COJlH e' JlT.
-aftab, mataw C JlYHa' - JlT. mAh-tab, xaw 'COH' - JlT. xwab,aw
'Bo,na' - JlT. ab (H npOH3BOAHble H CJlO)l(Hble C.'10Ba C THM KOp-
HeM, KaK-TO: awla "M030Jlb' - JlT. abla, aw r 'BOAona,n' - JlT.
38
ab- ar, simaw C PTYTb' - JlT. 'simab, aw-raw · BOAOCTOK' - JlT.
Sb-raw H ,np.).
K6. -@w COOTBeTcTByeT JlT. -@b B BYJlbr. s@w · B6J10KO' -
JlT. 'seb, sar-(ne) ew C OTJlOrHA' - JlT. sar-(ne) eb.
Ha6J1IO,naeTCB H 06paTHoe COOTBeTCTBHe - b BMeCTO JlT.
W B HatlaJle cJlora B baf& (BYJlbr.) 'BepHOCTb' - JlT. waf&, nan-
b y · neKapb' - JlT. nan-wa(y), beran · pa3PymeHHblA' - JlT. verfn,
tab@la · CToAJlO' - JlT. taw@la.
38. m/w
B HeKOTOpblX CJlOBaX BYJlbrapaoro Ka6YJlH m nepe,n rJlaCHhlM
cooTBeTcTByeT JlT \\: nemesta · HaIIHCaHHhlA' - JlT. newesta; panni
'nJleBAbI' - JlT. parwin, aryoman C p030BaB aKa HB' - JlT. arra-
wftn, mobt 'xoJlepa' - JlT. wab , fereman · 06HJlbHblH' - J1T.
ferGwAn.
39. m/ (n)
By Jlbr. K6.: sotom/sotum C KOJlOHHa' - JlT. 'sotun, p6n:
· nJlocKHA' - JlT. pahn.
AftU"a.lflHWe f4 ftepeOHeJlSWf4HWe C01,.IaCHWe
40. z/b
COrJlaCHblH , Bblpa)KaeMblH Ha nHCbMe apa6cKoA 6YKBOA
".8.aJlb ", npoH3HoCHTCB KaK Z, KaK H B JlHTepaTypHoM npoH3Home-
.
HHH': gozastan · npox HTb', paziroftan · npHHHMaTb', qAyaz '6y-
Mara'. B HeKoTopblX cJlytlaBx z npOH3HOCHTCB TaM, r,ne COBpe-
M8HHaB opcporpacpHB AaeT d: gombaz' KynOJl', ostBz · ytlHTeJlb'
4epe,nyeTcH C ost d.
Ha060poT, BCTpetiaeTCB BY Jlbr.. adar · npe,nYCMOTpHTeJlb-
nOCTb' J1T. a.9.ar, goda t/goza t «npoxo,n' - JlT. goza t.
3-4 63
39
i 41. i/ f
CnitpaBT I, pe,nKHII y.e B JlT., OfihlqHO 38MeIQ8eTCJI 8'-
cl»PMK8TOA j: jlla' rpa,n' - JlT. f'la, rSja ' 3eBOK' - JlT. rlfa,
janda · JlOXMOTbJl' - JlT. landa.
MMeeTCJI me!a' H8pJI.QY c meja 'pecHHna'. KpoMe Toro, !
cOXpSJUleTCJI nepe,n d ( M. f 57).
j 42. ] / n
K6. 1 COOTBeTcTByeT JlT. n. npHMepbl pe,nKH H 06HapY)KH-
BaJOTCJI TOJlbKO B BYJlbr. K6.': melmAya (CM. 1140) - JlT. m@.
nomftyad, leq8b 'MacKa' - JlT. neqab.
CpSOHS- II SaOHSJlSW'4HWe II ISAJlpHWS COIAQCHtJle
43. k k/ g
.
k COXpaHJleTCJI B KOHetiHOM cJlore -ak: yak' OAMH', KaK
B JlT. (CM. j 3).
B HeKoTopblX cJlytla.HX npM K6. k nMCbMeHflblH B3bIK J]aeT
aJlbTepHaI.(HIO k/ g': K6. ' okufa · I.(BeT (4)PYKTOB f'O AepeBa)' M
okoftan ' paCI.(BeTaTb', ko' Ad 'WMpOKMA' (06 oTBepcTHM).
44t.q q/k
CoxpaHeHMe apa6cKoro « a4> t .
Apa6cKoe q, npOH3HOCJlD.\eecJI BO MHorHX cOBpeMeHl'blX
apa6cKMx rOBopax KaK «X8M3a t HJlM K8K g H npH6J1H)K81OD.\eeCJI
K r B 38naAJfOnepcJt,&cKHX M xopacaooJ<Mx rosopax, B Ka6YJlH coxpa-
H.HeTC.H': QorSn · KopaH', qabul ' npHHJlTHe', .Aq · np8'B,Qa' (O,&HO
H3 "MeH 60ra) - JlT. baq, qasam 'KJlJlTBa', qesmat 'CYAb68'.
OTMeTHM deqan · KpeCTbJlHMH' - JlT. dehqan (nwT. d gan
c nepCOB3b1'1HbIA KpeCTb.HHMH')'; ynoM HeM TaK>Ke aqa ' JlJlryw-
Ka', qand ' caxap'.
K6. q = JlT. k B OrpaHH\le 880M KOJlHtleCTBe CJlOB': qaf · ne-
Ha' - JlT. kaf, qaf · JJ8,nOHb' - JJT. kaf, qap kadan · nOHM8Tb' 11
40
qapl5ak ' JlOnaTKa', OpoH3BO.QHble OT JlT. kaf, qam-bax{t} , He-
cqacTHblII' JlT. kam-baxt, qaraxt ' HenOABHI(HhlA' - JlT. karaxt,
£alaqa ' opYAHe .QJlJI TeJleCHOrO aaKa3aHHJI' - JlT. £alaka, qGyaz
'6YMara' - JlT. kiyaz, qoJti '6opb6a' - JlT. ko!ti, qo)ox 'KOM
3eMJlH' - JlT. kolux, qenyAI 'HesecTa' (H3 kan-r-AJ(a ), Ro'st8q-
KpenOCTb B 20 KM. OT AMy- apbH - JlT Rostak, tarq · TpemHHa' -
JlT. tark, tarqidan ' JlOnHYTb' - JlT. tarkidan. B c oBape C8Moro
Ka6YJlH HMelOTCJI qepe.QoBaHHJI kara'sma/ qarasma 'rpB3b'.
j 45. q/y
K6. q = JlT. Y 8 HeKOTopblX CJlOBax': olGq , rpY3 OCJla', -da-.
miq 'HOC', 'samdroq 'rpM6', narAra 'J1HTaBpbJ'. n09ToMy,nMcb-
ttieHHa'JI CPOpM8 JlT. qaCTO 6bJBaeT HeYCToAtlM80A. ambSq , )KeHa
MY)I(a (ABOe)l(eH a) no OTHomeHMJO K APyroA ero >KeBe', BOCXO-
AMT, KaK npeACTaBJlBeTCB, K. opMe ambAy, rAe )' - COMpaHT,
nepBOHaqaJlbHO nepeAHeJl3bJtlHblA, BeJlJlpM3yeMhlA B HCXOAe (cp.
JlT. (h) am-baz · conepHHK ').
Hao6opoT, K6. Y = JlT q: fty · TOJlCTblA' - JlT. aq, qaimfty
· CMeTaHa' - JlT, qaimAq, aya · rocno,nMH' - JlT. Aqa, qSy · cy..
wenbIA', loyma · KYCOK' - JlT. loqrna. Ha6J1IOAaeTCB TaK>Ke BeCb"
M8 BepOBTHoe BJlH HHe 3ana,nHonepCMACKHX f'OBOpOBt; OTMetleHtil
HeKOTopble cJlona 8pa6cKOf'O npOHCXO)KAeHHjI, f'Ae q qepe,nYCTCB
C Y B K6.'; taradA kadan · Tpe6oB8Tb' - JlT. taqaza, 'serel da tan
· CTpa,naTb 3anopoM' (JiT. seql), tardir' cy Ab6a' - JI . taqdir,
tarJit 'nOApa)KaHMe' - JlT. taqlid, tayya 'cKpblBaHMe cBoeA npH-
Ha,nJlel( HOCTH K WMItTaM' (JIT. taqiya). OTMeTHM sorro 'cyprY\l'
M3 sar-yo · rOJlOB8 6apaHa', qo · 6apaH' - JlT. 'o .
46. q/x
K6. q = JlT. X B neKoTopblX CJlOBaXt: CHCT8HCKMJt r()po,Q
tCaxftnsur (IJaxaHcyP) HllorA8 na3blBaICT Caqansur. IO)KHO OT-
f\1eTHTb TaK)Ke naqqa c MOCTO ToprOB J}" )KJ.1BOTHbIMli' (JiT. nax-
xSs), oSQar I CO.JJb, "<?nOJJb3yeMaji np).1 M3rOTOBJleHHJ.1 Mb)Jla' -
.nT. u x r, masqara ' 11IYT' - JlT. Inasxara, 'saqidan ''fepCTb' -
4]
JlT. axudan, falaqmSn C npalI{a' - JlT. falaxon, d8zaq C a,n' - JlT.
dozax, sallaq C J{HBOAep' - JlT. 'sallGx, S ang-Iftq - Ha3BaHHe Ae-
peBHH - JlT. 'Sang-Iax (0 CJlOBe qanyoz.ak CM. j47). OTMeTHM
TaKJ{e s@-q(l a,-',i - cp. JlT. x6 a · rp03Ab'.
Ha6J1IOAaeTCB, Hao6opoT, X BMeCTO q nOA BJlHBHHeM 3anaA-
HonepcHAcKHX rOBOp08': x3t-o-borid kadan C pacTep3aTb' - JlT.
qatt,-o-borid k.
CnHpaHTH3aQHB q B HeKOTopblX rpynnax COrJlaCHbiX (CM.
j 59).
47.x/r
K6..x COOTBeTcTByeT JlT. y /q B TlOpKCKHX 38HMCTBOBa-
HH.HX': qatex - OBOII{HOe 6J1IOAO C MBCOM HJlH 6e3 Hero.
Ha06opoT, B BY Jlbr. K6. Y BMeCTO JlT. X: ostoyan C KOCTb' -
JlT. ostoxwan, yar- ang' paK' - JlT. xar- ang. CJlOBO xalii-xasiik
(xar-xas-ak, xar-xaz-ak) 3anSAHonepCHACKHX rOBopOB AaeT B K6.
qanyoz-ak.
f 48. y/g
K6. Y = JlT g; B K6. B03MOJ{HO tlepeAOBaHHe: gozar kadan
C 6pocaTb' HHorAa npoH3HOCHTC.H r ozAr ; K6. gSz C KatleJlH' B Kpe-
CTbBHCKHX rOBopax npoH3HOCHTC.H roz. 06HapY)l(HBaeTC.H TaK)Ke
yadal-r adal 'pa3pyweHRblA' (JiT. g6dil C pa3BaJlHHbI'), rau
'yrJly6J1eHHe' (JiT. ga6), De(h)rau ak - Ha3BaHHe ABYX KBapTa..
JlOB Ka6YJla, nocTpoeHHblx B HH3HHe, b@-layBm C pa3UY3AaHHblD' -
JlT. b@-lagam, layAmak 'TpeII{HHKH B. yrJlax ry6' - JlT. lagftm
C Y3Aa', layat 'nHHoK HoroD' - JlT. lagad, ape lakd.
KOHe4HblH COr,JlaCHblH no e £:J1aCHOrO
49
J13MeHeHH.H KOHetiHOrO corJla Horo KaCaIOTC.H anHKaJlbHb1X
nep AHe.H3b1qHblX COPJlaCHblx,:d MO)l(eT nepeXOAHTb B t, z - B ; r - B I.
42
K6.
layat 'OHHOK Horol'
azat 'cBo6oAIIhIA'
darnat · 3BTb'
namzat · J{eHHX'
zyftt · MHoro', ',OqeHb'
abat '6naroYCTpoeH A'
"Aat · MeA'
mSjet 'MeqeTb'
naxot C I"Opo.x'
kam-but 'HeXBaTKa'
zut '6blCTPO'
tut 'TYTOBaJi BroAa'
Mamut - MaXMYA
kot 'rpy.n 8 '
qait '38KJllOtleHMe'
ran (BY J1bI".) 'yr J1y6J1eHMe'
qafaz 'KneTK8'
zer-dal 'nopoI'"
aftal 'KJleBep'
xyAI (BYJlbr.) C orype '
dewsl 'cTeHa'
zangAI 'Jlpb..MeAJI HK8'
parksl C MPKYJlb'
solax 'oTBepcTHe'
'satul 'pe38K'
zil 'BbICOKMH (3BYK)'
garm-sel C >KapKMM paMoH'
(Ha3BaHMe AOJlMHbl XMJlbMeHAa)
am-zol (BY Jlbr.) 'paBHblM no CMJle'
sail C nporYJlKa'
zalal (BYJlbr.) 'BpeA'
malam c Ma3b'
JIT.
lagad
azld
d&mad
n am-za d
zeyAd
sbAd
' ahd
masjed
_naxwod
kam-bud
zud
tud/tut
Mahmud
.
kod
qaid
gauS/gaud
qafas
zar-dar.
abdar
xeyar
dewar
zangAr
parkar
A
.surax
"
satur
.
Zlr
A
garm-ser
ham-zor
.
salr
"
zarar
marham
43
It . -
npHMe.Q8TeJlbnO K6. zenaq · nO.Q6opOAOK' - .liT. zenax, K6.
d8zaq · aa i - JlT. d&zax.
t 50. OTna.QeHHe KOneqnOro COrJlaCHoro.
KOIINIlblA n
3a pe.QKHMH HCKJllOqeHHJlM THn8 x8 · xopowo!' (CM. f 196),
r,ne Bblna.naeT KOueqHblA J1a6H8JlbHblA corJlacHblA (JiT. xub), 3TO Kacae'P-
CB OToa,neHHB 8nHK8J1bHblX nepe.QHeJl3b1qIlblX B HeKOTopblX BeCbM8
ynoTpeoHTeJlbHblx CJlOB8X.
OToa.QeHHe d: J1HqHOe OKOll'l8HHe 3-ro J1Hna e.QHHCTBeHHoro
qHCAa HaCTOBlI(erO BpeMeHH ( CM.. 134), eqqa · CKOJlbKO'!' -
.liT. e-qadr (CM. f 115). OTMeTHM kelli · KJllOq' - JlT. kelid,
BY Jlbr. ostft · yqHTeJlb' - .liT. o'stid.
I1cqe3HoBeRHe's B KOHne c..JIora; BYJlbr. majet/mftjet - .liT.
masjed · MeqeTb'.
OTna.l(eHHe z: iz' B Inb' npOH3HOCHTCS TaK>KC i B i- i
'qTO?'; be-x@ 'BCTaHb' - JlT. be-x@z, na-x c He BC1aBaA' - JlT.
na-x@z ( CM. 154).
OTna,neHHe r': da 'B' - JlT. dar, aga C eCJlH' - JlT. agar,
maga · HO' - JIT. rnagar, bo-xQ C eWb' - JlT. bo-xor, bi-gi · B03b-
MH' - .liT. be-gir (CM. 1146), xai 'HY, TaK' (c . ..f196), sai
· npopy JlKa' - JlT. sair, qarS · cnoKoHHo' - JlT. qarar. COf'J1ac-
Hhlit r B KOHQ8 l-ro CJlopa, KRK npe.l(CTaBJIHeTC.H, BblnaJi B K6.
ber-a-dar '6paT', OTKYAa be. .dar H .naJlee BYJlbP. K6. byadar
kar.dan C AeJiaTb' nepewJlo B ka.dan.
OTna.neHHc 11': ma '.H', JlT. man. i '9TOT' H ero npOH BOI\"
Hble,JlT. in (CM. 115), K6. i cooTBeTcTByeT JlT. in (CY4>Q)HKC
npHJIapaTeJlbHblX Bell{eCTBa - CM. j 156, If 1)';, daru 'BHYTPH'-
JlT. darun, biru 'cnapY)I(H' - JlT. birun (HO: darun-e 'B', birun-e
, BHe ').
B K6. HaJlHQO KOne'lHblH n B HeKOTopblX CJlOBaX, rAe B JlT., no
CBH,lteTeJlbCTBY op<porpa4>HH, HMeeTC.H KOJle6aflHe Me)l(AY KOHe'lHbIM n
44
,
H r J1aCHhiM HCXO.o;OM': qam n · MeTb', qSlin C KOBep'. K6. .npHCoeAH8HJI
n (He9THMOJlOrH'lecKoe) K KO CJl08 golun 'roPJlO', jSman 'OAe*Aa',
yaxan · 80POTHHK' (J1T. yaqa), kelkin · OKHO' (HIlA. khe i). 3TH
CJlYtiaH aanOMHRaIOT HMe8mee MeCTO 8 npOmJlOM BKJllOtleHl!e n
8 npeAWeCTBYIOInee CJl080 AJiB YCTpaHeRHB 3HBRHB (Cp. ! 2 }:
on c Ranpa8J1eRHe' - J1T. SU. J1MeeTcB K6. son-e · K', · B. CTo-
PORY tlero-J1.' - JlT. ,sO-y-e/su-y-e (CM. f156, 1f. 9).
HanpoTH8, qay i "RO)KHHQbI', KaK npeACTa8J1BeTCB, 80CXO-
AHT K *qay- in - opYAHe AJiB o6pe3aRHB 4>HTHJlB Y KOnTBIneA
CBetiH.
rpynna COrJlaCHbiX
J1B YAo6cT8a H3J10)KeRHB Mbi B TOM pa3AeJle paccMoTpHM
TaK)Ke ReKoTopble B8J1eHHB, He OTROCBInHeCB K rpynnaM corJlac-
HblX (aCCHMHJlBQKB Ra paCCTOBHHK, MeTaTe3a).
51. PaCtlJleHeRHe rpynn COrJlaCflhlX
8 RatlaJle CJlOBa
rpynnbl 'sp-, 'st-, 'J p-, . k- H T.A., YCTpaRBeMbie npOTeTH-
qeCKHM rJlaCHblM e-: espand 'PYTa' - J1T. espand HJlH 'sepand,
estftda 'CTOBInHA' - J1T. istada, eApe. ' 80mb' - J1T." epe ,
e kam · )KHBOT' - J1T. ' ekam.
rpynnbl sp-, .st- H T.A., YCTpaRBeMhle BCTaBRblM rJlaCRblM
e: 'sepSyi 'COJlAaT', 'cHnaA' - 'J1T. .sepAhi H KaK B J1T. 'setAra
· 3Be3Aa', setam · yrBeTeRHe' H T.A.
rpynnbl br-, fr-, gr-, YCTpaRBeMble, KaK H 8 J1T., BCTaBHhlM
rJlaCRblM e: berenj · PHC', fere ta · aRreJl', Feraidun - 4»epH-
AYR, ger · Y3eJl' H T.A.
52. HatlaJIbRaB rpynna xw-/x-
CoxpaReHHe rpynnbl': xwSr · cecTpa', xwSr · HeCtiaCTHhlA'
(8 KRH)KHOM H Tp8AHQHOHHOM npoH3HomeRHH A4>raHHcTaHa rpyn-
45
na xw- '1alUe coxpaHBeTCJI': xW8'stan 'XOTeTb', xwandan ''1M-
TaTb', xwftb 'COH', xwAj a 'xo.n>Ka ').
xw nepexoAHT B x: x8stan' XOTeTb' - JlT" xwastan, xAndan
''1KTaTb' - JlT. xwftndan, destar-xan 'CKaTepTb' - JlT. destar-
xwin" no. xir ' >KBatlKa' - JlT. no. xwar, xaw 'COH' - JlT. xwab,
xod 'caM', 'cBoA' M T.A. ,[\a>Ke B JlKTepaTypHOM npOK3HomeHHH
xwo-{/xwa-) MO>f{eT nepeATH B xo-: xO' , xor aid, xod...
JlT. xwa /xw6 COOTBeTcTByeT K6. x8: xoja (B co6CTBeH-
HblX MMeHax) - JlT. 'xwAja, xoftan 'BeqepHBH MOJlHTBa' - JlT.
x8ftan 'BpeM.:I JlO>KJiTbCB cnaTb '; x8rdan 'eCTb' ( Ta nOCJle.nHBB
rJlarOJlbHaB 4>opMa, KaK npe.nCTaBJIBeTCH, OKa3aJla B03AeAcTBHe
Ha .npyrMe 4>OPMbl': m8rdan 'YMKpaTb' - JlT. mordan, b8rdan
'HeCTM' - JlT. bordan).
i 53. Haqa bHaB rpynna "cor.TIaCHbIR + y" , B03HHKwaii
B pe3YJlbTaTe perpeccHBH aCCH tH.TISlQH"
r:'JlaCHbIX i, e, nOJlyrJlacHol1 y
Ibl Y>Ke paCCMOTpe.TIH B 061ltHX qepTaX ( 25) perpeccHB-
· A
HYIO aCCHMHJlBQHIO rJlaCHblX 1, e, e COe.A IHHTeJlbHbIM nOJlyrJlac-
HblM y. TaKaB >Ke aCCHMHJlHQHB HMeeT MeCTO H B Tex CJlY'IaHX,
Kor.na y npe.nOTBpamaeT CTB>KeHHe, Bbl3BaHHoe YTpaToA h, Q, e}
" (cp. j33). OTMeTHM Tenepb B03HHKHOBeHJrle B pe3YJlbTaTe
3Toro HaqaJlbHOA rpynnbl "COf'.TIaCHbll1 + y".
K6. corJl. + Y = .TIT. corJl. + i y ( 25).
K6. corJl. + Y = .TIT. corJl. + ey':
K6.
gy 'pacTeHHe'
syG '4epHbl '
pyaz 'JlYK'
zyat ' tHOro'
n yAl 'Ca)KeHeQ'
( 24)
lysf 'o,QeH.TIO'
-16
JIT
g y h
seyah
A
peyaz
zeyftd
nehAI
lehaf
K6. corJl. + Y = JlT. corJl. + ey:
K6.
J1T.
myayi ' TbI npHxo,nHWb'
( 25)
dy& ',nepeBHH'
A ,... A A ·
me-y-aYl me-aYl
de-y-a deb-hi
t 54. HaqaJlbHaS rpynna "corJlacHblA + w", B03HHKalOInaS
B pe3YJlbTaTe perpeccHBHoA aCCHMHJlS HH
:lA
rJlaCHblX u, 0, 0,) nOJlyrJlacHoro w
K6. corJl. + w = JlT. corJl.. + u + w:
K6.
JIT.
dw&zda ' ,nBeHa,nuaTb'
swan' HanHJlbHHK'
( 32) H3 'su-an
K6. corJl. + w = corJl. +0 + w:
'swal 'Bonpoc' .so'81
K6. corJl. + w = corJl. +8 + w:
k = k8- \\'.i · ropHbl J koh:-ha
K6. corJl. + W = K6. corJl. + 0 + w = JlT. corJl. + a + w:
sw r 'Bca,nHHK' saw8.r
jwSn 'MOJlo,noA' jawan
jwSri ' KYKYPY3a' jawsri
jwab 'OTBeT' jaw$b
jwar HJlH jwari ' KYKYPY3a' npOHcxo,nHT H3 jaw-wSri,
T.e. ' noxo)l(HA Ha g'lMeHb'.
du- w 8zda
.suhBn
6 550 KOHetlHWI rpynna, cooTBeTcTBYlOlUas B JlT
OAHOMY COrJlaCHOMY
K6. taft ')Kapa' = K6. (H JlT.) taf.
K6. e t = JlT. e .: baI t ' no,nywKa'. CM. CY<P<PHKC a6cT-
paKTHblx cYW.ecTBHTeJlbHblX -e t fCM. J 156, 1f 25).
garg 'tleCOTKa' - JlT. gar (JiT. gar-gin' tleCOTOtlHbIJi', OT-
Ky.na -g B K6. 1MeeTCH TaK)Ke garg-i 'tleCOTOtlHbIA').
47
K6. mb - JlT. m: bamb 'HH3KHA (3BYK)' - JlT. bam, ftmb
, Kpblma' :- JlT. bim,- domb 'XBOCT' - JlT. dom (oTclO,na domba
'KYPAIOK', dombal '4»YDVRKVJI'. dombAI 'c3aAH'), 80mb 'KOObl-
TO' - JlT. sam. HapJlAY C lam-dadan · JlOICHTbCJI' KMeeTCB
lambidan '06PymHBaTbCB'. B BYJlbr. K6. HMeeTCB lembu npH KO.
limu 'JlHMOa' (nOA06RaB Ite TeRAeR HB H B nmT.).
BYJlbr. K6. -nd = JlT. -n': camand JlY)I(aAKa' - JlT. caman,
yasamand ' CHpeRb' - JlT. ySs8man,. rand' HCKYCCTBO' - JlT.
fan, golxand 'KOTeJlbHaJI' - JlT. golxan, jend ' AICHRR' - JlT. jen,
send (BYJlbr.) npH K6. H JlT. 'sen 'B03pa T'.
K6. -ng = JlT. n: awang cTynKa' (JiT. hawan), gerang · TB-
)l(eJiblA' - JlT. ger&n, peng '6YJlaBKa' H3 aRr. pin.
i 56. CpeAHHRble rpynbl "corJlaCHbiA + n ",
cooTBeTcTBYlOlI!He B JlT. OAHOMY COf'JlaCffoMy
npHMepbl 3TOA B3b1KOBOI TeRAeR HH, xapaKTepHble H ,nJJB
nymTY, 06HapY)I(HBaIOTCB B BYJlbrapROM Ka6y JlH.
BYJlbr. entefaq COI03' BMeCTO ,K6. H JlT. ettefaq.
xannand 'cTor', 'CKHP,n' - JlT. .xannan; endan 'C06H-
paTb' - JlT. idan, tandor 'oqar' - JlT. tanur, jandom 'aA' -
JlT. jahannom. OKOHqaRHe 2-ro JlH a MR. qHCJla f'Jlaf'OJlOB K6. en
(JiT. @d), K8K npeACTaBJlJleTCJI, npOHCXOAHT H3 @nd.
BYJlbr. K6. yanc' yrJly6J1eHHe' npH K6. Y8U - JlT. gaud.
CycpcpHKC -enga (CM. f.156, 1f 21) cooTBeTcTByeT JlT.
-ina. BYJlbr. mangas ' MYXB' - JlT. magas, BYJlbr. bazengar
'TaRQop' (bazi-gar, oo,n06HaB )l(e TeR,neHQHB B nWT.).
i 57. OTna,neRHe BToporo 3J1eMeRTa
KOReqHOR rpynnbl
B HeKoTopblX BeCbMa ynoTpe6HTeJlbRblx CJlOBaX anHKaJlbRble
nepeAHeB3b1QBble COrJlaCHbie d, t, n, CJleA)'IOII!He 3a CBHCTBII!HM
HJlH HOCOBbiM COrJlBCRblM, B KOReqROI n03HQHH Bblna,naIOT, RO OHH
qaCTO BOCCTaaaBJlHB81OTCB nep6A rJlaCRblM, npe)l(Ae Bcero nepe,l(
Cycpcl»HKCOM MROKec.TBeHRoro qllCJla -a. cymecTBHTeJlbHblXe
48
OTnaAeHMe t - nocJle -C- ': raf(t) J 8O£(t). nocJle --8: as
'eCTb', ..as 'HanpaBO', mfs 'npOCTOKBauJa', des(t) '.PYKa' (M
CJlO)KHble CJlOB8 C 3THM KopHeM), oos(t) 'APyr', pO.s(t) 'KO)Ka',
Xos(t) - XOCT (ropOA). nocJle X: sax(t) 'TPYAHblA', wax' Bpe-
MJI', 'paRO' (J1T. waqt).
OTnaAeHMe -d - nocJle -z-: moz C rOHopap' - J1T. mozd,
doz 'BOp' - J1T. dozd (OTKYAa dozi 'BOPOBCTBO', dozB 'BOpbI').
nocJle HOCOBoro -n- ': an C CKOJlbKO' - (J1T. cand, ban C 3aKpbI-
Thill' - J1T. band, gOspan '6apaH' - J1T. g6spand.
OTnaAeHMe -n nocJle -z ': gaw-gawaz' OJleHb' - JlT. gawazn.
58. H3MeHeHMe nepBoro 3J1eMeHTa rpYOOhl
'Abzal (BYJlbr.) -
AcI»38J1b
labz (BYJlbr.)
'CJlOBO', 'peQb'
awsar 'ReAoY3AoK'
awsSna 'cK83Ka'
awzir 'MHcTPYMeHT'
ka w! 'Tycl»J1J1'
daraw 'WMJlO'
IA w!lr 'acl»wapbl'
(TlOpKcKoe OJleMJI)
K6. Ct = J1T. btft>d: kaCtar' rOJly6b'
zaCt 'KoHcI»HcKaQMJI'
aCtal 'KJleBep'
gafdom 'cKopnMoH'
afda 'BoceMHaAQaTb'
safda (BYJlbr.) '3eM-
HoA nOKJlOa'
Z COXpaHJleTCJI (cp. 41) nepeA d B aldar 'ApaKoH' - afdahA/
a fdar
K6. ks = J1T. ts
K6. bz = J1T. CZ:
K6. ws = J1T. fs:
K6. wz = J1T. Cz
K6. w = J1T. f!:
K6. fd = JlT. jd:
4-63
K6.
aksa 'QHXaHMe'
JlT.
Arial
laC
afsir
afs.na
arZ8r
kafl
daraf!
Af!ar
kab( ) tar/ka£tar
zabt
abdar
kaj-dom/ gafdom
hejda, hajda
'saj da
atsa
49
K6. x = Jlt. x :
pax I paCnpOCTpa-
HeHMe'
lax idan · CKOJlb3MTb' laxsidan,= laYLidan,
K6. x = JlT. q (X )I: nax · PMCYHOK' naq
K6. Jb = JlT. qb marbul KpaCHBblA' maqbul
OTMeTHM K6. payra I A030P' - JlT. pahra, -ahr - nepewJlo
He B - r- , H60 Y)I(e eCTb K6. para 'o6PbIBKH', a B -ayr - (cp. S3]).
bax C ,nOJlB'
bax idan · ,napMTb',
· npoma Tb '
pax · HM3KMA'
bax!
bax!i dan
59. ACCHMHJlBl\HB H CTB)KeHHe
K6. b(/P) = JlT. f: kab-gir' wYMoBKa' - JlT. kafgir,
kab- a I 'IepnaK' - JlT. kaf a.
's KBHBaJleHTHO A+"s: risaf d 'cTapHK' (ri safed '6eJlo-
6opoAblit '). 'A KBHBaJleHT HO s + ' : paA' odan I OTXOAHTb' =pas +
odan. npeAJlor az (CM. 127) nepexoAHT B as nepeA s: as-
sar I CHa'laJIa' npH JI'I'. a sar; as-sob I C YTpa' - JlT. az-sobh, as-son-e
I co CTOpOHbI 'Iero-Jl. - JlT. az-s8y-e H T.A. OH )Ke nepeXOAHT B
a nepeA ' : as-' &r I H3 ropoAa' - JlT. az- ahr H T.A. AceHMH-
JlBQHB Ha paCCTOBHHH': oAtan I MblTb' (JiT. ostan), eke tan
, JlOMaTbCB', I pa30HBaTbcB' - JlT. ekastan, e tan I caAHTb-
CB' - JlT. ne- astan, abas '6paBo' - JlT. ad-baA, beAnfi'
'Y3HaA' - JlT. be na's, ere I KJleA' - JlT. sere' ; s nepexo-
AHT B Z nepeA 3BOHKHM COrJlaCHbIM': tazbe ''IeTKH' (H3 tasbih),
_ zyar - Acrap, BY Jlbr". 'Ayzar H3 .A rar.
K6. wg = JlT. fg: awgir I paHeHblA' - JlT. afgar
K6. w = r ': awyan 'a<!>raHel\' - JlT. aryan.
mw CTBrHBaeTCB B w: awftr' POBHblA' - JlT. ham-war, bo b-
B b: ban (CM. ]46) I nOJlO)KH'. I1MeeTcB aCCHMHJlBl\HB no Me-
CTY apTHKYJlBl\HH B HMeHM Jambiz (H3 jan""baz); rpyqna nb.
B nSn-bny 'neKapb', B03HHKwaB H3 JlT. nw B pe3YJlbTaTc AHCCHMH-
JUI "M, nOABeprJlaCb aCCHMHJlBl\HH no MecTY apTHKYJlBQHH, nepeHAB
R mb: n b y (cp. j 54).
50
(OTMeTHM, KCTaTH, lITO rpynna JlT. -mb- lIaCTO TpaflCKpH-
6HpyeTcB nb - no npaBHJlaM apa6cKoR op4>orpa4>HH H OHeTHKM.)
t BMeCTO d + t: zutar 'CKopee' - JlT. zud-tar, batar/battar
C xY)l(e' - JlT. bad-tar, xortar' MeHbwe' - JlT. xord-tar. B TaKHX
CJlOBaX, KaK mena-dSr 'npH3HaTeJlbHblR' (JiT. mennat-dar) bud6z
C CanO>KHHK' (boot-d6z) B3b1K coxpaHBeT nOJIHOCTblO Cy4> HKCbI
-dar, -d6z, a BblnaAaeT t.
CJlytiaH H30JlHpOBaHHoro CTB>KeHHB': K6. = JlT. d , BepOBT-
HO, lIepe3 t : p8 a' KOPOJlb' - JlT., pAd Sh.
OTMeTHM peAKHR cJlYtlaA aCCHMHJlB HH B3pblBHblM k:
kask81 = kajkSI 'cYMa AepBHweR' - JlT. ka k61.
KOHetlHblR j': painj 'nBTb' aCCHMHJlHpyeTcB CJleAYIOll(HM 3a
HHM C9rJlaCHblM': pain ta 'nBTb WTYK' - JlT. panj-ta. B 60Jlb-
WHHCTBe CJlYlIaeB j nepeA COrJlaCHblMM BblnaAaeT': pai-nar r
C nBTb lIeJlOBeK' - JlT. panj-nafar, pain- roL 'nBTb AHeR' - JlT.
panj rOz, pain-!amb@ 'tieTBepr' - JlT. panj-' ambe, pain-byadara
'nBTepo 6paTbeB' - JlT. panj-ber&dar-hl, pain-xwara 'nBTb ce-
cTep' - JlT. panj xwAhar-hi H T.A.
«I»oHeMa n npOH3HOCHTCB HeOAHHaKOBO 8 HallaJle cJlora H
nepeA COrJlaCHblM. 3TOT nOCJleAflHR OKa3b1BaeT BJlHBHHe Ha n.
IJHTaTeJlb caM JlerKO CMO>KeT YCTaHOBHTb cnOC96 H MeCTO apTH-
KYJlB HH n B TaKHX rpynnax, KaK ng, nq, ny, nd, n , nt H T..n.,
TaK tlTO B HaweR TpaHCKpHn HH 9TH BapHaHTbI He OTpa)l(aIOTCB.
K6. I = JlT. r':K6. yalb l 'peweTO' - JlT. yarbal, K6. dalbar
'(KopOJleBCKHR) ABOP' - K6./JiT. darbir, K6. daIbSz "aKp06aT' -
K6./ JlT. dir-baz, K6. 'solta C KameJlb' - JlT. sorfa, balf (peAKO)
'CHer' - JlT../K6. barf, xolfa 'nopTY JlaK' - xorfa.
O1:MeTHM TaKoe >Ke H3MeHeHHe nepeA aDHKaJlbHbJM t B xalta
C MewoK' - JlT. xart a It nepeA BeJlBpHblM x B talxSn 'H3MeJlb-
\leHHble TYTOBbie BroAbI" - JlT. tarxSn.
K6. gb = JlT. kb': 'Agbar - AK6ap - JlT. Akbar, tagbir
,
(npOH3f1eCeHHe CJlOB "AJlJlax BeJlHK" BO BpeMB MOJlHTBbI) - JlT.
takbir.
Or yweHHe nOCJleAHerO 9J1eMeHTa HeKOTopblX rpynn: xarf,
'pacxoAbI' - JlT. xarj, kesp 'peMeCJlO' - JlT. kesb (rpynna sp
4-- 2 63
51
B K6. BCTpeqaeTCB qaCTO': a'sp, a.sp H T.,n., a TaK>Ke nesp , no-
JlOBHRa' - JlT. ne's( respAn 'BepeBKa' - JlT. r@sman).
KOHeqRhlA k CJlOBa yak' O,nHH' nepexo,nHT B g nepe,n rJlac-
HhlM': yag'dam 'O,nHH qeJlOBeK'; nepe,n r: yag rang=yag raqam
'o,QHHaKoBblA'; nepe,n 1: yag-IS' C o,nHoA CKJla,nKoA'; ;nepe,n 0:
yag-nan 'O,QHR xJle6'; nepe,Q rn': yag-ma 'O,nHH MeCBQ'; nepe,n
j': yag jay 'BMecTe'; nepe,n d: yag-dana 'o,QHa mTYKa'; nepe
b: yag-bar 'O,nHH pa3'. k B CJlOBe yak aCCHMHJlHpyeTcB 3a,nHe-
B3b1'1HblMH 'H BeJlBpHblMH COrJlaCHblMH, KOTopble .3a HHM cJle-
,QYIOT - nepe,n k: yak kas 'O,nHH 'IeJlOBeK'; nepe,Q g: yaggol
"O,QHH QBeToK'; nepe,n q: yaqqeran' O,QHH KepaH (noJl-acpraHH)',
yaqqadre 'HeMHoro'; nepe,Q x: yaxxSna 'O,QHH ,QOM', yaxxel
'o,QHa rpynna';' nepe,n '1: yayrar' O,QHa nel.Qepa'. OTMeTHM
xonox-xordan 'npocTY)I(aTbCB' (xonok 'XOJlo,Q').
CnHpaHTH3aQHB q nepe,Q rJlYXHMH anHKaJlbHblMH H nepe,Q-
HeB3b1'1J1btMH':
K6. JIT.
wax(t) 'BpeMB' waqt
'paHo'
naxt 'H8JlH'I Hble' naqd
(,neHbrH)
arax in 'tJenen' t,ara in
maxsad 'neJlb' maqsad
raxs 'TaHen' raqs
noxs, noxsan 'Bpe,Q' noqs
nax 'PHCYHOK' naq
! 60. reMHRaQHB
KaK H B JlHrepaTYpuoM, reMHHanHB BCTpe'laeTCB B OCHOBHOM Y
11JI8.BHblX corJlaCHblx. WHO.H3b1'1Hble CJlOB8 B pa31"OBOpHOM B3b1Ke re..
pBlOT reMHHaQHIO. KpoMe Torn, HMeeT<;.H "9KcnpeCCHBHa.H" reMHH8QHB
(CM. j 119, 142, 143), ,Qa>Ke Y HaqaJlbHblX COrJlaCHblX B oCKop6H-
TeJ1bHblX CJI0BaX, THna ssag! 'c06aKa!', arr mi! 'He3aKoHHo-
pO ,QeHHblA!' (JiT. artmi).
52
rt: arr a 'nHJla', parra (CM. 1156, 1f 7), balTa C BrHeHoK',
tarra 'COpT TblKBbI " darra 'YlI(eJlbe', dorra 'XJlblCT', oorra
'rpbDKa', zarra.' qaCTHQa', korra 'map', karra"C opac.ileT'.
06HapY)KHBaIOTC.H TaK>Ke: parreX, borre' ., yorre! (CM. 156,
24).
CTblKH CJlOB': sar-reza 'nOJlOBOAbe', sarre: ta 'opraHH3a-
,
QH.H H T.A.
11:. polla - '>KapeHble KYKYPY3Hble 3epHa' , <!ella 'COpOK
AHeA (3HMbl)', zelia' YCTaBwHA', kalla' rOJlOBa', polli 'coAa',
molli 'pena', telli 'CeJle3eHKa', selli 'nOll(eqHHa', kolli kadan
'nOJlOCKaTb pOT', ,kelli 'KJllOq'. rpynna tE.. nepeXOAHT B Il'-:
xellat 'nOqeTHa.H OAe)KAa' - JlT. xeltat, t811at 'BHemHO'CTb'
JIT. taltat.
pyrHe COrJlaCHble: tanna 'Kopnyc', 'TY JlOBHlI(e' (CM. j 156,
M 7), qamma 'KHH)KaJl', katta '60JlbWoA', . tta 'YBBAWHA',
jotta C rHHJloA'. (0 BOAe). 3McpaTHqeCKOe YAapeHHe cblrpaJlo Ba..-
UYIO pOJIb B reMHHaQHH H OTnaAeHHH KOHeqHblX COrJlaCHbiX YKa-
3aTeJlbHbiX MecToHMeHHA .issu, ussu, eqqa, <!eqqa H T.A. (CM.
i 115, CM. TaK)Ke ! 58, 68).
61. nepecTaHoBKa
BOJIbllla.H qaCTb, nepecTa BOK fl86J1IOAaeTC.H B apa6cKHx 3aHM-
CTBOBaHH.HX. OHH 06oapY)KHB8IOTC.H (KpoMe joleJ'at · npocToKBawa',
qalf '3aMoK', palta 'CPHTHJlb') TOJlbKO B BYJlbrapHOM H AeTCKOM
npOH3HoweHHH':
dol' BeAPo' npeAnOJIaraeT cpOPMY *daul (cp. 6) (ap.
dal w); qilin-e mawr 'MepBcKHA KOBep', ayrati 'BpeMeHHblA'-
JlT. f,lriyati, dayrA 'peKa' - JlT. /KO. daryB," dirya '6y6eH' -
JlT. day(e) ra, jolyAt 'npocToKBama' .....; JlT. joyrftt, qolf '3aMOK'-
JlT. qofl, telf 'pe6eHoK' - JlT./K6. tefl, palta 'CPHTHJlb' - JlT.
patila/fatila, pantu.s 'noAHoc' - K6. patnu's, motfi' MycpTHA' -
JlT. mafti, boqra 'ByaJlb' - JlT. borqa , nazm 'ny JlbC' - JlT.
nabz, noxsa 'peQenT (Bpaqa)' - JlT. no'sxa, rosxat 'ocB06o)KAe-
HHe' - JlT. roxsat, 'Aysar - Acrap H3 'A"srar, BYJlbr. tarjoba
'onbIT' H3 tajroba.
4-3 63
53
Mbl Y)K 'paCCMaTpHBaJ1H q>OpMbl Ka6YJ1H, npe,nnOJ1araIOInHe
nepeCTaH.OBKH B npOJIIJ10M': pirez H3 *pahrez (J1T. parh@z), sab H3
*sohb (J1T. 'sobh, 9 30).
g 62. MeTaTe3bl
<l.»oHeMbI, KOTopble MeHHIOTCH MeCTaMH Ha paCCTOHHHH':
K6. KpeCT yangar 'KY3HeQ' - K6. iyngar - J1T. ihangar, K6.
xyA'sa 'xapaKTep' - J1T. xisi tat, 'soklidan-soko'stan 'pa3pbl-
BaTbCH' - J1T. go'slidan, D1ej &z 'HaCTpoeHHe' - J1T. me aj,
nalat 'npOKJ1HTbe' - J1T. l nat.
CJIorJ1 J1 Y APEHJ1E
C,Jlor
MbI OrpaHHqHMCH HeCKOJ1bKHMH npHMepaMH, xapaKTepH3YIO-
InHMH pa3J1JNHH, B03HHKalOInHe B pe3YJ1bTaTe q>oaeTHtleCKHX H3Meae-
HHA: CJlOroB Ka6YJ1H no cpaBHeHHIO C J1HTepaTypHbIM H3blKOM. C APyroA:
CTOpOHbI, Mbl paCCMOTpHM B 9TOM )l(e pa3AeJ1e COKpaIneHHe He-
KOTOpbIX BeCbMa ynoTpe6HTeJ1bHblX CJ10B, qTO n03B0J1HT HaM H3-
6e)KaTb nOBTopeHHB 'Y)Ke npHBeAeHHblX npHMepOB.
63. Pe3YJ1bTaTbI YTpaTbl npHAblxaHHH
<l.»oHeMaTHqeCKHe H3MeJreHHH H YMeHbweHHe KOJ1HqeCTBa
CJ10rOB B CJ10Be:
K6.
l 'COPOK'
pil-wan · 60peQ'
'sayb · rocnoAHH'
qSy.da 'npaBHJlO'
ke .tyB 'J10AKH'
ay.na '3epKaJlO'
ayn.gar · KY3HeQ'
on. dW8 · HHAYCbI'
JIT.
e.hel
pah.la-wan
'sa. eb
qi. e.da
ke!.1i.ha
. yi.na
a.han.gar
hen.du.ha
54
OHeMaTKqeCKKe K3MeHeHK.H npH COXpaHeHHK KOJlHqeCTBa
C.1IOrOB':
K6.
Marr1U t - MaxMY,n
IGa.war - rayxap
Ma.' ad - Memxe,n
pa.rez 'B03.nep>KaHHe.'
jo.ma 'nBTHKQa'
qo.r n I KopaH'
,
64. Pe3..YJlbTaTbl aCCHMKJI.HQKH,
CT .H>KeHK.H H T.,lI"
JIT.
Mahmud
-
IGaw. har
Ma .had
par.hez
jom.te a
qor. S ftn
OHeMaTHqeCKHe H3MeHeHK.H H H3MeHeHHe KOJlHqeCTBa CJlO-
I OB':
K6.
' emi ' CJla.nocTH'
e
e.s m' rJla3'
to.xD m C .HAno'
eKe kam C )l(HBOT'
raf.taan C OHH YWJlH'
rob. my C nepe.n', C Bne-
pe.n H'
po. Ie's. yA C MeJlOqb
(MeT8JlJlHQeCKHe
.neHbrH) ·
JlT.
' i. ri. ni
e m
toxm
(* kam) ' ekam
raf. ta. and
ro.ba.NY
po.le..se. ySh
ct-OHeMaTHQeCKHe H3MeReRHB npH coxpafl HHH KOJlHQeCTBa
CJlOrOB (CM. 58):
· A II'
pa.fa C KOPOJlb'
a. war C POBHblA'
pai.oa.far 'nBTh QeJlOBeK'
ri.'sa.fed 'ce.no6opo,QblA"
ya.qad.re 'HeMHO)l(KO'
4-4 63
pad.' ah
ham. war
panj.na.far
ri .sa.fed
yak.qad.re
55
J 65. COKpall(eHMe BeCbMa ynoTpe6MTeJlbHbIX CJlOB"
BbIna,QeHMe cJlora
Peqb MAeT 0 COKpmneHH.HX 60Jlee cYlI(eCTBeHHbIX, '1eM Te, Ko-
TOpbIe Bbl3blB8.IOTCB aCCHMMJlBQMeA, CTB>KeHHeM, BblnaAeHM M corJlac-
HbJX M T.A.
KopeHb HaCTOBlI(ero BpeMeHM rJlarOJlOB:
K6. JIT.
, HATH', r- raw
'AeJlaTbCB' . - ' aw
'rOBopHTb' g- goy
'npHHQCHTb' Sr- 8wor
, MOqb' " tawan
tan-
MO>KHO 06'bBCHMTb KaK pa3HOBH.nHOCTb ranJlOJlOrHH CJle.nyIO-
II(Me q>aKTbl': K6. daqa 'MHHYTa' - JlT. daqiqa, K6. bax i 'noqe-
MY' - JlT. bax -e- i, K6. xodan '6or 3HaeT' - JlT. xoda.dan-ad.
OTMeTMM banj an '6aKJla>KaH' npH JlT. ba6enj an. Bblna.nenHe
cJlora sy B bar-e 'AJlB' - JlT. ba-ra-y-e; BblnaAeHHe wa B Hape-
qMM BpeMeHH taxta 'AO Tex nop' ,[H3 ta-waqt-(h) V. COKpall\eHHe
M CT.H)KeHMe Ha CTblKe CJlOB (CM. j 167",) mGdar-andar AaJlo
mlndar M aJlee (naJiaTaJlH3aQMB rJlaCHOrO, J 21) mayndar 'Ma-
qe a'; JlT. nft-en' af AaJlo n ysaf 'HecnpaBeAJlMBbIA'; K6. KpeCT.
an ' He TaK JIM' HAeT H3 K6. An- yS-ne (6YKB. 'Aa HJlH HeT'),; K6.
ma i me..danom COKpaTHJlOCb B ma em 'He 3HaIO' (BblnaAeHHe
cJlora B KOHQe q>OHeTHqeCKOA rpynnbl) H T..n.
i 66. POJIb qaCTHQ H npeBepooB
B .nHccHJla6HqeCKHX rJlarOJlbHblX TeMax
npHcoeAHHeHHe qaCTHQ me (KoTopaB nepeXOAHT B me),na,
be/bo Bb13b1BaeT HOBoe CJlorOAeJleHHe, HO o611(ee KOJlHQeCTBO
CJlOrOB OCTaeTCJI HeH3MeHHblM (cM.jfI42, 143, 152).
5G
TaOAuua 4:
.
3 HaqeHHe r Jlac- MMnepaTHB HacTOmQe- MMnepaTHB, OTpHQaTeJlb-
HbIA H npocTa.H 6YAywee ODTaTHB, HaH cpopMa
cpopMa BpeM.H cocJlara- HMnepaTHBa
TeJlbHOe
HaKJI.
, CnycKaTbCa' fa yr mefrGyi , befrdyi . nafrayi
, CK06J1HTb' a td i metraAi betriAi natr8 i
, KJlacTb' 0 gozm megz8ri bogz8ri A .
nagzan
, 3HaTb' e enasi me nasi be ndsi na nasi
'Y.QapeHHe
67. CHJlOBOe y,napeHHe
OCHOBooe y,napeOHe B Ka6Y'JlH fie CTO.JI1i HHTeHCHBOO, K8K B 3a-
na)J;flonepCH,nCKHX rOBopax'; TeMn pe1.lH fia Ka6YJ1H 60Jlee BbICOKH , a
HflTOOaUH.H 60J1ee pOBtla.H. ' ,napeoHe fleqeT nocJ1e,nflHA CJ10r <pofieTH-
'1.IecKoA rpynnbl': 'SAR, saRI A Y, sarG:. - S AR, bar BAR, barab R.I
H T.n.
CHJ10BOe YA&.peHHe MO)KeT H He na,naTb Ha nOCJ1e,nHHA CJlor;
9Mq>aTH1.IeCKOe y,napeHHe: BA..r- -ma-da ya NA-B.ra.ma.da 'Bbl-
llleJi OH HJlH HeT"; aq>q>eKTHBHoe y,napeHHe: 'BA." e'; m8rd 'ero
CbIH YMep'.
j 68. CHJlOBOe y,napeHHe H Cyq>q>HKCbl
BOJlblllHHCTBO Cyq>q>HKCOB HeCYT y,napeHHe B CJlOBaX, B KO-
<1\
TopbIe OHH BXO,n.HT,: ga T'AR 'TenJlee', goIZ'AR 'l BeT-
A d A
HHK', mordaNI 'cMepTHbIA', geryaNOK 'nJiaKCa', mar aN'
'MY)KCKOA:' H T.A. OTMeTHM oc060 TOT q>aKT, 1.ITO OKOHQaHHe MHO-
1\
)KeCTBeHHoro 1.IHCJla HeceT CHJlOBOe y,napeHHe: daraxT'A ',ne-
peBb.H'. To )Ke KaCaeTC.H H OKOHtlaHHA -DAN H -'PAN HHq>HHHTHBa.
3HKJ1HTH1.IeCKHe CY<P<PHKCbl, He ripHHHMBIOll(He CHJ10BOrO
y,napeHH.H CJlOBa, 1.IbIO nOCJle,nIJIOIO 1.IaCTb OHH COCTaBJI.HIO'I":
57
flocJIoJIor a/ra, OTMeqal().!UHH npHMoe AOnOJIHeHHe
( 128)': ' TO,Ra did t on YBH eJI Bep6.1IIOA8', naL'Ara onidom
, H YCJlblWaJl CTOH'. To )Ke KacaeTCH H ,CErft 'nOqeMY'.
. Y
npHTj{)K8TeJlbHble CY<P<PHKCbl -em, -et, - es: paDERem
'MoA oTeQ', RUYe /RUY.S 'ero JIH O'.
H3 a <p e T: paDARe-ma 'MOM OTe ', RUye u 'ero JIHQO'.
rIoK83aTcJIb e t1HHqHOCTH (wahdat) @/ : ci MIA,RDe-hud
'K8KOH TO 6blJl qeJIOBeK' (marDI 'MY)KeCTBO').
nOK838Te,,1b o,:!peAeJleIlHOCTH (e arat) e/ e: K'A'Se ke 'TOT,
,
KTO...
J\
3 B 8 T e JI b Hbl H C Y clJ <p HK 0: xo 0 A- yA '60)K e ! '
3HKJIHTuqecKHA COlO3 0 'H": zaMIN-o-asman.
OKOHQaHHB npeTepHTa: da WIdom H T.,n.
9 69. CHJlOBOe y,napeHHe npeBep60B
IJacTHQbI (CM. jJ 142, 143, 152), HecYInHe y,napeHHe B rJl8-
rOJlbHoR cpopMe: qaCTHQa bel bd: BEdin C 3HaR', BEd&nom C qTO-
6b1 B :JHaJl', 'BOparan ' nYCTb OHH JleTBT' H T.,n..; qaCTHQa m@fine:
"
MEzani ' Tbi 6bewb', MEGzari ' Tbi KJla,neWb '; qaCTHQa na: N'A-
koni ' qTo6b1 Tbi He AeJlaJl', NAmekoni C Tbi He ',neJlaeWb'.
CHJlOBOe YAapeHHe bel bo Bbl3b1BaeT B cpopMax HMnepaTHBa
K COCJl8raTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeHHJl BpKO Bblpa)l(.eHHYIO reMHHa-
QKIO HaqaJlbROro COrJlaCHoro rJlarOJlbHOI'O KOpHB B,EDDawan
, nYCTb OHK 6erYT', .BOFPar ' JleTH'. C APyroA CTOpOHhl, KMeeT-
CJt: 'GOMMel ku ' OCTaBb STO' (6YKB. ' nOTepBA 91'0").
npeBep6b1 (CM. f 154), XOTB K COCT8BJlBIOT OAHO QeJloe c
ROBoR rJlarOJibRoA TeMoA, KOTOpylO OHH o6pa3YIOT, coxpaRBIOT
CHJlOBOe y,napeHHe Ha HaqaJle CJlOBa: BARSmadan ' BblXOAHTb',
DAR8mada n ' BXO,nKTb', ,FIAR3madan ' cnycKaTbcB'.
! 70. IY3b1KaJlbHoe y,napeHue.
IIHTOHaltUH
Pa3J1ltQHble QYBcTBa H lt3HQeCKne COCTOHHUB (npocTaH
KOHCTaTaQHH, y,nHBJleHHe, npe3peHlte H T.A.) Bblp8>KaIOTCB MeJlO-
5U
,nHtleCKHMH pa3JIHtlH.HMH (MeHee pa3HTeJIbHbIMH, tleM B 3ana,nHO-
nepCH,nCKHX rOBOpaX). npHMepbl THnOB HH OHaQHH':
, ",neT ,nO)K,nb'
b A A A .b A
a.ran me a.ra
, OH ytlHTC.H'
b d ,.. A
'sa. a.qe.xo. a.me.xa.na
'51 COBceM He xotly'
b - - A A
mal 1.X1.na.me.xa. yom
'XDtlemb tlalO?'
&y. de.l et. m@. a.
'Bce JlIO,nH eMY CKa3aJIH': « no,noA.nH, no,noA,nH t , a OH He
no,noweJl'
mar. do. ma.kol. gof. tal ne- . bya. bya. na. mad
MHOSl3bltlHble 3aHMCTBOBaHHJI
Mbl paCCMOTpHM 3BYKOBYIO a,naITTanHIO B Ka6Y.JIH CJlOB
apa6cKHx, nYWTY H XHHAYCTaHH.
npH paCCMOTpeHHH CJIOB, npHwe,nWHX H3 aHrJlHAcKOro .H3bI-
Ka, Mbl 6y,neM rOBopHTb TaK)Ke 0 CJIOBaX, ropa3,n0 MeHbWHX no
KOJIHtleCTBY, KOTopble 3aHMCTBOBaHbl H3 ,nPyrHx eBponeAcKHx .H3bI-
KOB.
J1cTOpHtleCKa.H ,nH3J1eKTOJlOrH.H TIOpKCKHX Sl3bIKOB H HCTOpHSI
BJIH.HHHSI pa3J1H'IHblX TIOpKCKHX rOBopOB Ha Ka6 ,IH He H3BeCTHa
HaCTOJ1bKO, qT06bI n03BOJlHTb HaM paCCM'OTpeTb aAanTanHIO
TIOpKCKHX CJlOB.
CHJlOBOe y,napeHHe Be3,ne nepeHOCHTCSI Ha KOHen ct»OHeTJf-
tlecKoA rpynnbl.
A p a 6 C " II i. II S w"
71
a)l(e B JlHTepaTypHoM npOH3HoweHHH npaBHJla apa6cKofi
<poHOJlOrHH C06J1IO,naIOTcSI JlHWb npH nHTHpoBaHHH neJlbIX apa6-
CKHX ct»pa3 HJlH OTpblBKOB.
CJlyqaH 3BYKOBOA a,nanTaQHH apaooKHX 38HMCTBOBaIlHA B pa3-
f'OBOpHOM Sl3bIKe eme 60Jlee MilOroqHCJleHHbI H XapaKTepHbl. MbI
59
Y>Ke BCTpetlaJiH MHOrHe npHMepbI (npe)K,ne BCerO B it 30-33)';
HX ,nonOJlH IOT ,naHHble, npe,nCTaBJleHHble B 3TOM pa3,neJle.
B HaCTO.HInee BpeM.H B Hapo,nHbIX apa6cKHx rOBopax Hpa-
Ka, CHpHH H ApaBHH Ha6J1IO,naIOTC.H TaKHe )Ke <l>oHeTHtieCKHe oco-
6eHHocTH t OTJlHtlitble OT <l>oHOJlOrHH KJlaCCHQeCKOrO .H3bIKa, KO-
Topble BCTpetiaIOTC.H H Y ,npyrHx Hapo,nOB BOCTOKa H CeBepa B
apa6cKHx 3aHMCTBOBaHH.HX, npOHHKWHX B HX .H3bIKH. He06xoAH-
MO npe,nnpHH.HTb cneQH8JIbHble HCCJle,nOBaHH.H, tlT06bI 06Hapy-
)KHTb <poHeTHtieCKHe ",ne<l>opMaQHH", B03HHKIllHe no,n BJlWi.HHHeM
npoH3HOWeHH.H JlIOAeA, rOBOp.HInHX no-nepCH,nCKH. BnpotleM,
60JlbWa.H tlaCTb apa6cKHx ,nHaJleKTaJlbHbIX npe06pa30BaHHA npe,n-
weCTBOBaJia <l>opMHpoBaHH KJlaCCHtieCKOA <l>oHOJlOrHH.
72. r JlaCHbIe H ,nH<pToHrH
Apa6cKoe a (alif mamduda) .HBJI.HeTC.H 06bltlHO ,nOJlrHM a,
T.e. a+ a; B TO BpeM.H KaK a B Ka6YJlH ropa3,n0 60Jlee.ory6J1eHO.
Bce CJlOBa apa6CKoro npOHCXO)K,neHH.H no,n.BepraIOTC.H npe06pa30-
BaHH.HM, rJlaBHbIM 06pa30M B pa3rOBopHOM .H3bIKe.
npHMepbI ,nHCCHMHJlJlQHH TeM6pa rJlaCHbIX': fe-sat 'pa3Bpa-
IneHHOcTb" ,(ape fa'sad), nejat 'cnaceHHe' (naj at), nezafat 'QH-
CTOTa' (na arat), xyAI/xeAI · MbICJlb' (xayal)... COKpaIneHHe
H HcTaKTHa.H aCCHMHJI.HQHB rJlaCHblX': malom · H3BecTHo', c otle-
BH,nHO' (m8f.lurW, xaltom c X060T' (xartum).
nO.HBJleHHe Ma,n>KrYJlbHbIX rJlaCHblX': aras jaro's 'HeBecTa'
(t aro ' s ). 110cJle BbIna,neHH.H KOHetlHbIX h, h, l-' . @ BMeCTO -ih B
tazbe C tleTKH' (ap. tasbih), tarabe - HOtlHa.H MOJlHTBa BO BpeM.H
paMa3aHa (tarawih); - @ BMeCTO -it B HMeHH c06CTBeHHOM
'Sam@ (JiT. 'S amil); a BMeCTO '-uh B makr6 C ,nocToAHbIA nopHQa-
HH.H' (c TOtiKH 3peHH.H peJlHrHH) (JiT. makruh); 6 BMeCTO -ut, B.
or6 C HaqaJlO' (JiT. ' m{) H T.,n.
t
CoxpaHeHHe,nH<I>ToHroB (CM. 17 H j 8). B Ka6YJlH OHM
60Jlee YCToAtlHBbI, tleM ,na>Ke B HeKOTopblX apa6CKHX rOBopax.
60
j 73. COrJlaCHbie
AnHKaJlbHbJe H npe,z:u:topCaJlbtfble corJlactfbie': 1(1,) nepexo,nHT
B t: tal q' pa3Bo,n' M T.,n.; V) nepexo,nHT B S': sar' ps,n',
sar '\lHCTblA', 'surat ' JlHQO'. Toqao TaK )Ke, A ( ) nepexo,nHT B
s I:' .s8bet 'TBep,nblA', miras ' HaCJle,ncTBo', mesl-e ' no,no6Ho';
(i;) ,naeT z: zarf 'nocy,na', zolm C npHTeCHeHHe'; z COOTBeT-
cTByeT TaK)Ke apa6CKOMY z (li'); zarar ' Bpe,n', qazi C Cy,nbS'"
wozu ' OMOBeHHe' (cp. CJlOBO tayadi, j 46), a ( .» COOTBeT-
cTByeT z: zit C JlHqHOCTb', zarra C qaCTHQa' .. .
Ilo,no6Hble )Ke npeo6pa30BaHH.H 06uapY)KMBaIOTC.H H B
JlHTepaTypHOM npOH3HOWCHHH.
B BM,ne HCKJllOqeHH.H (.> ). ,naCT Sid (CM. f40), a . (c:,)
AaeT t B BYJlbr. matal C nOCJlOBHQa'.
CoxpaHeHHe q (CM. J 43).
Bb1naAeHHe h, , t, $- (CM. J 26-33) BJlH eT Ha BOKa-
JlH3M Ka6YJlM. B CJlOBaX bay C QeHa' (ap. baye), was ' B03MO)K-
HOCTb' (ap. waSf, , npocTpaHcTBo'), ,lam C CBeqa' (ap. ' amd,
jam 'coBoKynHocTb', 'cYMMa' (ap. j H ,np. COrJlaCHbie apa6-
CKHX 3aHMCTBOBaH11A COXpaH.HIOTCS.
CTpeMJleHHe K xopoweMY npOH3HOllleHHIO apa6cKoro (tJ
npMBo,nHT K ero cnHpaHTH3aQHH (oco6eHHo B K6. KpecT.) H nepe-
,
XOAY B x: cp. HMeHa co6CTBeHHble Raxman - K6. .Raman (JiT.
Ra mAn) - PaxMaH, Maxmad - !<6. Mamad (JiT. Mobammad) -
MyxaMMe,n. Cp. xina C XHa' - JlT. bend, mazAq (j 45') C WYT-
Ka' - JlT. mazAb. HaKoHeQ, OTMeTHM atyat goftan ' rOBopHTb
qenyxy' H3 .sathiyyat.
74. rpynnbl COrJlaCHblX
80 MHorHX ynoTpe6HTeJlbHblx CJlOBaX OHH .MO YT pa36H-
Ba.TbC.H rJlaCHblMH (BecbMa KpaTKHMH), TeM6p KOTOpblX onpe-
AeJl.HeTC.H TeH,neHQHeH K aCCHMHJI.HUHH rJlaCHblX (CM. i 19,
63)':
61
K6. - Ap.
°
' ok r ' CJlaBa 60ry' okr
okom · npHKa3' hokm
omor , B03paCT', ')KH3Hb' l.0mr
fekE1- ' MblCJlb' fekr
zeker ' ynoMHHaHHe' zekr
CJlOBa THna ,Fad nepeXO T He B F8l.,al, a B F8f.el:
ad e( 'c npaBeAJlHBOCTb · ladl
aje r · 803Harpa>K eHHe' ajr
'sabt1- · TepneHHe' sabr
amer 'npHKa3' amr
aqel 'pa3YM' taql
xatEin ' KOHeQ' xatm
qadE1- · YBa)KeHHe' qadr
CM.' TaK)Ke qadar ' KOJlHqeCTBO' (ap. qadr).
CJlorO eJleHHe 3THX CJlOB B Ka6YJlH TaKOBO: 0. kOm, fe.ker,
a.del H T. ., B TO BpeM KaK B apa6CKOM 3b1Ke OHH O HOCJlO>KHbI.
BCTaBHoA rJlaCHbiA B Ka6YJlH CTaHOBJITCH HeHY)KHblM H HC-
Qe3aeT, Kor,l{a 38 3THMH CJlOBaMH CJle yeT rJlaCHbiA e H3a eT-
Horo nOKa3aTeJlH HJlH npHT )KaTeJlbHblX MeCTOHMeflHA-cy 4>HKCOB:
okm-e tu 'TBOit npHKa3 , aql-et "TBOA YM', fekr-et 'TBO MblCJlb'
(CJlorO eJleHHe: ok.me.tu, aq.let, fek.ret) H T. . To >Ke npoHcxo-
,l{HT H B Tex cJlyqa x, Kor a 3a CJlOBOM cJle yeT nocJleJlor ( CM.
i 102, 128) amr-a ba-j y kad ' OH BblnOJlHHJI npHKa3' HJlH e H-
HHQHOCTH: qadr- 'HeMHoro', HJlH CY4>4>HKC -i (CM. ! 156,
If» I, 2 : omri ' nO>KH3HeHHblA' (cJlorO eJleHHe: am.ra, om.ri)
H T. .
j 75
Y BoeHlte (ta did) B apa6cKux C..'10BaX pa3PoBopllblM H3bl-
KO t He c06..;nO,QaeTCH: kofar · neBepHblC' (ap. koffar), mozer
, u, ( '1 I' )
onaCHblH ape mozzer 1-1 T.;1.
OT teTII .t ella-bayla · nOC.,1e CTO.. bKUX XIITpocTeH H Tpy.Q-
HOCTen' (.;IT. ila-ba-bila), ell a 'eJle-eJle' (cp. 61).
i 76
CHJlOBOe YAapeHHe nepeHocHTcB Ha KOHeQ 4»0 He rH1IeCKOA
rpynnbl': x L'A C TeTB (no MaTepH)' (ap. Xltla) H T.,n. J1cKJlI01Ie-
HHB Ha6J1IOAaIOTCB B pe1lH rpaMOTHblX: L'Aken H 'AMml C HO' ,
BAle C Aa' (Be>KJlHBoe).
n y 1/1, ", Y
! 77
3,neCb paCCMaTpHBalOTCB He CTapble 38HMCTBOBaHHS, KO-
Topble no,nqac Tpy,nHO pacn03HaTb, a 3BYKOBaB 8,n8nTa HB B Ka-
6YJlH ocpH HaJlbHblX TepMHHOB H3 nYWTY, KOTopble BBe,neHbl B
06HXO,nHblD B3blK C KOH a X'IX B. Oc06eHHO MHoro THX CJlOB 6bl-
JlO ony6J1HKoRaHO H 06'bSBJleHO ocpH HaJlbHbIMH AcpraHCKOH aKa-
,lJ.eMHeD (naWTO TOJlbllla) Me)K,ny ]940 H ]950 r.
Mbl YBHAHM, qTO 3BYKOBaB a,nanTa HB 3THX CJlOB, KOTOpblM
"o6yqHJlH" >KHTeJleH Ka6YJla, OTJlHtlaeTCS OT "pacxo)K)J.e-
tUtH" nYWTY H Ka6YJlH, T.e. nWT. dz - K6. j (HanpHMep, 8 reo-
f'pacpHQeCKHX na3BaHHBX': JadIin, JAji), nWT. ts - K6. .
J1cKa>KeHHS HaJ160Jlee cyw.eCTBeHHbl B BOCfUIOf.i TCpf\-111110JJO-
f'HH,COCTaBJISIOll\eH caMYIO cTapylO QaCTb ocpH MaJlbHOf'O CJlOnapfl:
ay-xa-gur · paBHeHHe HaJleBO', nWT. .say-xwa-g8r H oc06eHII0
l:apor-zai 'tlCTlIe "liar', nruT. p "'par-dzay (6YKB. C tlOrK 111 I\1CeTO t ).
i 78
I'JlacHble: a 3aMell\aeTCS 3BYi.<0M a HJlI1 0: TaK, dar-
nlal-tun · anTeKa' npoH3nocHTcB darmal-tun, a wr k-tun · JJ,eT-
CKHH ca,n' npolt3HoCHTCS wOroktun; ,nHcpToHr ay 3a 1eu{aeTC}1
J{HcpToHroM aYe
! 79.. Cor JlaCllble
K6. 'S / -= n11]'f. ts:
K6. z = dz:
ko'sai · luepCT.ft HaB ruy6a J - k6ts i
lo.st-zay c uIKo.'1a-HHTepHaT'
I wasldzay
GJ
3TH npe06pa30BaHHB 06HapY>KHBaIOTCB H B HeKOTOpblX
AHaJleKTa,,, nYWTY'"
K6.:! = nWT. . :
.
pa tun C nYWTYH' - pa tun
' nzay 'WKOJla' - ' ow'n-dzay
5Ayalay C rOCnO,nHH' - "ayalay
OHH 03HHKJlH no,n BJlHBHHeM KaH.a;arapCKOrO npOH3HOWeHHB.
B03MO>KHO TaK>Ke COOTBeTCTBHe K6. x + . nWT. no,n BJlHBHHeM,
, .
HbIHe Bce.60Jlee B03paCTaIOII(HM, "BOCTOtlHbIX" rOBOpOB (HHHrap-
xap) .
K6. l = nWT. !:
.
z@fan- tun C pO,nHJlbHblA ,nOM' -
Pa tun-Zay « rOJlOC nYWTYHat (Ha-
3BaHHe >KypHaJla).
nOA BJlHBHHeM HHHrapxapCKoro npOH3HomeHHB Mox<eT BCTpeTHT CJI
g Ha MeCTe nWT. "
Qepe6paJlbHOe \' npOH3HOCHTCB KaK n, r nepexo,nHT B 1.
H 9'nepexo,nBT B t H d, KaK B HH,nHAcKHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHBX
(I 83).
Bblna,neHHe h B poantun/p8wantun - nWT. p8hantun C YHH-
BepcHTeT', p6 wInd - nWT. pOhand 'npo4>eccop', pO Wanzay -
nWT. pohan-dzay C 4»aKY JlbTeT (B Y HHBepcHTeTe)'..
80
wat 'wocce' npOH3HOCHTC.H watt I'pynnbl COrJlaCHblX, eCJlH
OHH coxpaHBIOTC.H, a,nanTHpYIOTC.H B K6..: yefdi C maTep' nepexo
,nHT B ye!di (cp. j 57) H T.,n
PyrHe rpynnbl COrJlaCHbiX pa36HBalOTcB JlH60 BCTaBHblM
rJlaCHbIM, KaK B marastuD 'npHIOT' (mrastun), .1IH60 npH nOMOIltH
. ,..
npOTeTHtleCKOrO r.1laCHoro: neAan-e estor C 0PAeH 3Be3,nbl' (star);
loy dra'stiz 'HatlaJlbHHK reHepaJlbHOrO wTa6a' npOH3HOCHTCSI lay
derastiz; 'st ra mahkama C BepxoBHblA cy,n' npOH3HOCHTQSI estara
Mabkama, mrastyal . C 3aMeCTHTeJlb' npOH3HOCHTCH marastyal.
81
CMJlOBOe y,napeHHe (8 nYWTY - Ha npe,nnOCJle,nHeM cJlore)
nepeHOCHTCR Ha nOCJle,nHHH cJlor.
64
XUHoycmaHu
82
B nOCJleAHHe BeKa OTHOCHTeJlbHa 60Jlbma rpynna HHAHA-
CKHX CJlOB (H3 3bIKOB XHHAH, naHA)I(a6H, JlaxHAa, YPAY H T.A.) BO
MHorHX 06J1aCTSX 6bIJIa 3a:HMCTBOBaHa 3bIKOM Ka6YJlH - no,n06-
HO TOMY, KaK nepcHAcKHA S3bIK A<praHHcTaHa OKa3aJl CHJlbHOe
BJlHSHHe Ha 3 IKH ceBepHoA HHAHH. MbI 6YAeM Ha3bIBaTb TepMH-
HOM "XHHAYCT8HH" HapoAHbIA 3bIK,' KOTopbIA: B nepHoA MYCYJlb-
MaHCKoro BJlaAbIqeCTBa CTaJi Ae OBbIM S3bIKOM B ropoAcKHX
QeHTpax ceBepa' HHAocTaHcKoro nOJlyocTpoBa.
83
r JlaCHbIe': KOHeqHOe a nepexoAHT B K6. B a: 'sida C npsMo'
(H3 ',sidh ), tika 'KoHTpaKT' (H3 thikA), rn la 'nHKHHK', kac a
, 6e3BKycHbIA', baj a ''lac', una 'H3BecTb', banya-gar '.JlaBOq-
HHK ' .
,l);H<pTO HrH e Y H 8 W BOCCTaHaBJlHBaIOTC B K6. B ai H au':
HA. 6 wkhat - K6. awkat 'paMa'.
9 84
U;epe6paJlbHble COrJlaCHbIe t H ynpoInalOTc B t H d: Iota
'KYBillHH', rot' cJlaAKHA xJle6', kBtwal 'npecIJeKT nOJlHQHH',
doli 'HOCHJlKH' H T.A. To )Ke Ha6J1IOAaeTCs H B CJlOBaX H3 nYillTY
(CM. 9 78)': tota 'KYCOK', tolai 'B3BOA', KatawAz - KaTaBa3
(reorpa<pHqeCKOe Ha3BaHHe), gond 'BaTara', dawl 'cnoco6',
d8da 'KYKYPY3HbIA xJle6', Dakka - ,l);aKKa H T.A.
3BYK n HCqe3aeT B auri 'onaxaJlo OT MYX' (HHA. auttrl),
paka 'neep' (HHA. phanka, cp. JlaXHAa pakha), nepeXOAHT b ng
B bangs '6aM6YK' (HRA. batt's). OTMeTHM TaK)Ke'sarnAI kadan
, Ae)KYPHTl?' (HHA. sarnbhAI, cp. JlaxlJAa': 'sabhAI/sarnal); aQd-
marl AaeT B K6. anwari kadan 'CTpeJl Tb'.
r 06J>IQHO nepeXOAHT B r': ke ri - 6J1IOAO H3 pHca (HHA.
khi ri), ,garyftl 'KOJlOKOJl' (HHA. garyal), 'sarak 'Aopora', karra
'6paCJleT' (HHA. kara).
5-63 65
"MeeTPJI T8K)I(e d BMeCTO r: g8di · nOB03K8' (MR.Q. ga,-i,
Jl8XH.Q8 - glcp >, godi · KYK.l8' M T..Q. OTMeTMM K6. KpeCT. ta-
rangan · BepeBK8 .Q.lJI nepeROCKM ceR8' (MR.Q. tarangar>.
! 85. e38cnMp8QMJI npM.nblX8TeJlbHblX
K6. P = MR.n. ph: peka '6e3BKycHbllt' - phiki
K6. b = MH.Q. bh: Bagwln MH.nYCCKoe 60)l(eCTBO - Bhagv&n
K6. t = MH.Q. tl1: tAna · nOrp8HM'IH8J1 38CT8Ba' - thanA
K6. t = MR.n. tli: tik: · TO'lHO', · POBHO' - thik
koti · .nOM' - kothi
.
K6. d = MR.n. dh: sida' npJlMol' - sidhi
dum · UIYM', · r8M' - dhum
K6. d = MIlA. dh: dandora' WYM', · raM' - han hara
K6. = MIlA. h: auni · 6apaKM' - hauni
K6. j = MR.n. jh: jalaka · MrHoBeHHe' - jhalaka
K6. k = MH.n. kh': sakka · 6paT " · cecTpa' - sakh
auki · CTY JI' - haukhi
lak · CTO TblCJI\I' - lakh
K6. g = HIlA. gh': gari' 'IaCbI J - ghafi
OTMeTMM cJlY'Ial MR.n. metha-i, KOTOpbll .naeT B K6.
nlet ayi M mety8yi (CM" j 33) - BHlt CJla.nOCTM (JlaxH.na mi -
theai); metta · CJla.nKH JlHMOH' H3 mithi.
.
'TpaTa y.nBoeHHJI': akar · nporYJlKa' -- HHri. akkar.
Y,nBoeHMe COrJlaCHbiX COXpaHJleTCJI pe,nKO.
86
npHMepbl nepeCTaHOBKH: elp-ak · caH,naJlHH' - HH,n. «!appal ;
npHMep MeTaTe3b1': iq-o-porSq · B03rJlaC', 'KPHK' - HH,n. pokar.
Pa36HeHHe HaqaJlbHblX rpynn: K6. mon! · nepel.{' - HU.n. mro .
j 87. CHJlOBOe y.napeHHe nepeHOCHTCJI Ha KOHel.{ 4»oHeTM'Ie-
CKol rpynnbl': dand8RA - HH.n. QH'AN ora.
66
ANIAUt1C.U' AS".
88
H3 eBponelcKHx Jl3b1KOB HBM60JlbWee KOJlH'IeCTBO 38HMCT-
BOB8RRhlX CJlOB BHec B K86YJlH BHrJlMlcKll1 ('I8CTO npH nocpe.QCT-
Be XHH.QyCT8HM). OTMe'leHO HeCKOJlbKO CJlOB, npHwe.QWHX H3 PYC-
CKoro Jl3b1K8 ('Iepe3 Jl3&J1KH HBpO.QOB Cpe.QHel A3HM) H 4>P8HQY3-
CKoro Jl3b1K8 ('Iepe3 nepCOB).
npH p8CCMOTpeHHH cl»oHeTHKH H CeM8HTHKH 60JlbWHHCTB8
THX 38HMCT80B8HHA BblJlBJlJleTCJI, O.QH8KO, O.QHO OCJlO)l(HeHHe:
tlaCTO B nepcH.QCKOM Jl3b1Ke B.Q8nTHpyeTcJI He 'IHCTO eBponeAcK8J1.
OpM8, 8 4>OPM8, y)l(e 8.QB¥MPOB8HH8J1 - H nO.Q'I8C CyuteCTBeHHO
H3MeReHR8H - B K8KOM-JlH60 .QpyroM p83rOBopHOM BOCTO'lHOM
Sl3b1Ke.
nHWb H8'1HH8S1 npHMepHO C 1920 r. HeKOTopble rp8MOTRhle
)KHTeJlH CTOJlHQbI 38HMCTBOB8J1H CJlOB8 Renocpe.QcTBeHHo H3 Tex
eBponeAcKHx Jl3b1KOB, KOTopble OHH 3R8J1H, B TO BpeMJI K8K, mo-
epbl (Rerp8MOTHble) H KynQbI (noJlyrp8MOTHble) npO.QOJl)K8J1H
BBO.QHTb B Jl3b1K HH.QH8HH3HpOB8HHble 8HrJlHAcKHe CJlOB8. npOH3-
HoweHHe HeKOTopblX HOBbiX 38HMCTBOBaHHA K\>Jle6J1eTCJI B 38BH-
CHMOCTH OT JlH'IHCCTH rOBOpJllQero H Toro, KaKoA eBponeAcKHA.
Sl3b1K OH 3HaeT.
J1H.QHJI .QaJla A raHHCTaHY HaH60JlbWee KOJlHtleCTBO eBpo-
neACKHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHA. TaKHe CJlOBa, KaK but (boot) '60-
THHCKH' H de si (dress) 'KOCTIOM', nO-BH.QHMOMY, OKOHtlaTeJlb-
,." .
no BOWJlH B Ka6YJlH, B TO BpeMSI KaK, HanpHMep, apresan one-
paQHSI (XHpyprH'ICCKaSl)' tlall\e H3Me HJleTCH Ha amal yat (ap.
tamaliygt), a f san "«pacoR' (fashion) - U8 m8d 'MoAa' (mode)
H T..a..
lJepe3 J1HAHIO B Ka6YJlH npHWJlH CJlOBa H H3 .QpyrHx eBpo-
neACKHX Sl3b1KOB, npe)KAe Bcero, nopTyraJlbCKoro: bamba · Ha-
coc', fita 'JleHTa', anwari .1uKa ', baranda 'BepaH.Qa', lilam
'aYKQHoH' (nopTyraJi. leilao, COBp. HH.Q. nil am - tlall\e, tleM
lilam) .
Mbi YBH.QHM, tlTO 60JlbWaSi tlaCTb HCKa)KeHHA B aHrJlHAcKHX
!)-2 63
67
3aHMCTBOBaHHJlX B03HHKJla nOA BJlHJlHHeM HHAHAcKOrO npOH3HO-
WeHHJI.
cboHeTHqecKoe HCCJleAOBaHHe He BcerAa n03BOJl.HeT HaM
BCKpblTb TOqHoe npOHCXO}l(AeHHe eBponeAcKHX CJlOB. PYCCKoe
npOHCXO}l(AeHHe CJlOBa 'samawar (BY'Jlbr. 'samawat) 'caMOBap',
He Bbl3blBaeT COMHeHHA.; 9TO )Ke KaCaeTC.H H CJlOB patnus 'nOA-
HOC', ay C qaA', caynak 'qaAHHK', e'stekin" CTaKaH', soxari
A '
'cyxapb'; C,J10BO posta 'nOqTa', Bepo.HTHO, npHWJlO H3 aHrJlIDfOKOf'O
post, HO 6blJlO npe06p830BaHO nOA BJIHJlHHeM pYCCKoro «nOqT8» ; QT-
MeTHM pakat 'KOHBepT', lftmpa 'KepOCHHOBa.H JlaMna', kamp
.. Jlarepb'.
/'
/'
89
I
<
Pa36HeHHe rpynn COrJlaCHblX B CJlOBaX, npHweAllIHX H3
pa3HblX eBpon AcKHx .H3blKOB: romatezOm' peBMaTH3M', aktObar
, OKT.H6pb', nawambar 'Ho.H6pb', de'sambar .' .n;eKa6pb', telgeraf
'TeJlerpaMMa', bars 'meTKa', Faran's(a) 'cbpaH H.H', p°r8p8gand
, nponaraH,lJ.a', tarftktor 'TpaKTop', geram 'rpaMM', pelan 'nJlaH',
sep6rt . ' cnopT'.
90
BOKaJlH3M aHrJlHAcKHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHH:
K6. i: mitar - aHrJl. meter' BOJlbTMeTp'
K6. e: 'sarket - circuit C OKpY)KHOCTb'
ketlak - catalogue 'KaTaJlOr'
K6. e: tegar - aHrJl. tiger '6YJlbAor' (HHA. teYgar)
nekar - knicker 'TPYCbl'
n kabanka - knickerbockers '6PHA)KH'
K6. a: enkam-taks- aHrJl income-tax' nOAoxoAHblH Ha-
Jlor'
farni ar - furniture 'Me6eJlb'
kal ar - culture' KYJlbTypa'
otal - hotel 'rocTHHHQa'
b8tal - aHrJl. bottle' 6YTblJlKa'
sestam - system 'CHCTe a'
68
kApi - copy C KOnH.H' (naH.Q)K. -:awi)
papi -' puppey 'lUeHOK'
Ian - lorry C rpY30BHK'
kAlar - collar C BOPOTHHK' (naH,n)K. kalar)
cAklet - chocolate C wo oJla " (naH,n)K. akl@t)
matar - aHrJl. motor C aBTOM06HJlb' (naH,n)K.
mdtar)
kat - coat cnaJlbTO'
gol - goal C rOJl'
fot-bal - foot-ball C «PYT60Jl'
k8rs - course C KYPCbI'
Y8rop - Europe EBpo.na
lain - aHrJl. line ] C ,
f e l r e I cTpoA (cOJl,naT)
al - .1 e
tair - tyre C WHHa'
baik - back C 3alUHTHHK (B <l>YT60Jle)'
gais - gas C ra3'
'Alaind - Holland "rOJlJlaH,nH.H
konain - quinine C XHHHH'
K6. aU': paund- paund C <l>YHT'
ACCHMHJI.H H.H Tett16pa rJlaCHoro: kiliw8t C KHJlOBaTT'.
OTMeTHM': diktator C AHKTaTop'.
K6. B,:
K6. 8:
K6. ai':
j 91
llOJlHOe H3MeHeHHe COrJlaCHblX': wasket-bal C 6acKeT60Jl',
BYJlbr. 16t C 6aHKHoTa', BYJlbr. lel tar C pa,nHaTop', BYJlbr. lam-
bar C HOMep', ' et H3 'shade C a6a)KYP' (cp. j 48).
n nepe,n d, H g (cp. 9 55)': BYJlbr. pe-sen/pe'send H3
pencil C KapaH,naw'. Ha060poT, 'sement C eMeHT' qaCTO npOH3-
HOCHTC.H semet, KaK B -naHA)Ka6H 'simett. OTMeTHM': peng H3 pin
c 6YJlaBKa' (CM. 9 54).
j. 92
CJlyqaH MeTaTe3bl: BYJlbr. l@r H3 rail C noe3,n', BYJlbr.
16r H3 roll 'PYJlOH', falhlain C <l>JlaHeJlb' (naH,n>K. falalan).
5-3 63
69
g 93 .
.....
COKpameHH.H H. pa3J1HtlHble npeo6pa30BaHH.H .HBJI.HIOTC.H HHor-
Aa BeCbMa 3HatlHTeJlbHblMH If CJlO>KHbIMH - oc06eHHO B CJlOBaX, - -
3aHMCTBOBaHHblX B cpaBHHTeJlbHO OTnaJleHHYIO 9noxy':
K6. A HrJl. nepeBoA
baysekel bicycle 'BeJlOCHneA'
wa'skat waist-coat '>KHJleT'
tul twill 'TBHJI'
alekain hurricane 'yparaH'
l ltain lantern '«poHapb J
e tabri strawbelTY '3eMJI.HHHKa'
pan ar puncture 'npOTOKOJl'
palas pli ers 'nJlocKory6QbI'
tekes ticket '6HJleT',
rapSt report 'OTtleT '
3TO nOCJleAHee CJlOBO (KoTopoe AaeT rapu- i 'mnHoH') Bce
60Jlbme BblTeCH.HeTC.H «ppaHKo-nepcHAcKOH «POpMOH rapor.
nepeOCMblCJleHHe H Aa>Ke CMemeOHe 6e3 ceMaHTHtleCKOH 6a-
3b1 HrpalOT Ba)KHYIO pOJIb B BeCbMa ynoTpe6HTeJlbHblX 3aHMCTBO-
BaIOOlX. OTMeTHM koro' nil 'B.H3aJlbOa.H cnHQa' (crochet needle).OT-
MeTHM TaK>Ke CJlOBO Ka6YJlH X]X BeKa Kamnari - (C9p JIYHC) K9-,
BaHapH (ICavagnari), aHrJlHHCKHH npeAcTaBHTeJlb B Ka6YJle, sel-
deraj 'KaJlbCOHbl' H3 'silk-drawers.
(
94
,
CHJlOBOe YAapeHHe nepeHOCHTC.H Ha KOHeQ «poHeTHtleCKOH
rpynnbl': j anwaRI - HHA. JtANwari '.HHBapb'.
1130JIJ1P.9BAHHbIE"
OHETJ1qECK"E J13MEHEHJ1H
nepeOCMblCJleHHe
no 3BYKOBOMY CXO CTBY
f 95
aHTa3H.H HerpaMoT HblX JlIOAeH BbI 3BaJla K >KH3ftH TaKHe
9THMOJlOrHH': zySfa C JlHIIIHHH', cp. ap, zyat(zeySd) 'JlHWHHH',
70
ezafa 'A06aBOtlHbIH'; wasla 'OPY>KHe', Cp. ape asle a 'OPY>KHe',
wasila 'cnoc06'; .saqaw'BoAOHOC', Cp. ape .saqa 'BOAOHOC', aw
C BOAa'; qaydar 'paBHblH tleMY-Jl.', Cp. ape qayde (q eda-e)
C npaBHJlO', qadar (qadr) 'KOJlHtleCTBO'; xa'sak · KJlOn', Cp. nepc.
xaz-ak 'noJl3aIOInHH', xas-ak '6bIJlHHKa'; korti 'nHA>KaK', Cp.
aHrJl. coatee, K6. korta C Py6amKa'; dast-o-batal distributor
'pacnpeAeJlHTeJlb 3a>KHraHH.H', b8tal C 6YTbIJlKa'; .faIAtun-payni/
platin- points (Falatun - nJlaToH).
CJlOBO go na C rOJlOAHbIH' (JlT. gore.sna/gorsna) B03HHKJlO
nOA BJlH.HHHeM to. na C >Ka>KAYll(HH'. TlOpKcKoe qara-borra 'Ha-
PYtlHHKH' AaeT KonYJl.HTHBHOe 3BYKonOApa>KaHHe (CM. 9 163)
yarab-yorftb H...T.A. OTMeTHM K6. yadud '>KeJle3a' (npH ape rodda,
MH. tlHCJlO': rodad), loxm 'KYCOK M.HCa 6e3 KOCTeH' nOA BJlH.HHHeM
loqma 'KYCOK'. KaK B HHA., B- CJlOBaX kamail H3 colonel 'nOJl-
KOBHHK' H jamail H3 jeneral 'reHepaJl' Ha6JlIOAaeTC.H B38HMO-
BJlH.HHHe; annunya 03HatlaeT H 'rapMoHHKa' H 'aJlJlIOM HHA'.
npHMepbl H30,JlHpoBaHHbiX yqaeB
96
HeKOTopble CJlOBa, AaJleKHe Ha nepBblH B3rJl.HA OT JlHTepa-
TypHoro .H3bl a, MO)KBO BOCCTaHOBHTb nOCJle p.HAa npeo6pa-
1\ A A
30BaHHA; JlT. ahan-gar 'KY3HeQ' AaeT *a-angar, 3aTeM *ayan-
gar, 3aTeM *iyin- gar, cp. ayin C >KeJle30') H HaKOHeQ, ayngar.
Ell(e 60Jlee THnHtleH npHMep JlT. jan-war/ jln-a-war C )KHBOTHOe',
KOTopoe AaeT janawar, 3aTeM jenawar HJlH jeniwar.
,8 BYJlbrapHOM S3bIKe: man ur C 3HaMeHHTbIA' H3 ma hur J
amniyat 'Ba>KHOCTb' H3- ahammiyat.
97
.l];PyrHe CJlOBa HMelOT cneQH«pHtleCKHe OTJlHtlH.H OT JlHTepa-
TypHblX. BOJlbma.H tlaCTb THX CJlyqaeB COOTBeTcTByeT TeM, KO-
Topble Mbl paccMaTpHBaJlH paHee:
5-4 63
71
r JI a C H hi e:
mad ! c OmeJlOMJleHBblJi', cp. ape madhu C HcnyraHRwJi'
palp8t · M8CKHpOBKa' H3 K6. pal · cJleA' H pot C cnpsTaHHblA'
m8qof C )tJoJleHRwl', cp. ape mawquf C OCTaHOBJleHHblA'
nixun C RorOTb', cp. nepc. nixon
diwat CqepHHJlbHH a', cp. ape dawat
ku i C KOqeBHHK', cp. nepc. k8«! · nepee3A'
pol C AeHbrH' 3 pul
Pe. awr H3 Pe' awar/(Pe Awor) newaBap
COrJlaLHble
baxmal C 6apxaT', Cpo ape maxmal
torSj C KyponaTKa', cp. doraj
t8'Jak C MaTpaQ', cpo d8 ak
akni C KHCJlblA coyc J, cp. HH . a ni
ak'sa C tlHXaHHe', cpo ape a sa
(
\
B hi n a A e H H e C Jl 0 r a:
j ara C newKoM', cp. j arida C GAHHOKHA'
alfa's C rp.H3HbIH', cpo atal-paz C TOT, KTO HeOnp.HTHO rOTOBHT
nHw.y' .
Ha3BaHHe AeHe>KHOA eAHHHQbl 'sannar (sad-dinar), KaK
npeACTaBJl.HeTC.H, 3aHMCTBOBaHO H3 3ana HonepCH CKHX rOBopOB.
98
BJlH$lHHe rpa<p HKH ': jolayi (a He jelay) C HIOJlb '; HanHcaHH
s
B yp.ny Qepe3 <.J, npHH.HTOe B nepCHACKOM .H3b1Ke, nOBJlH.HJlO Ha
npOH3HoweHHe.
,M 0 P :t 0 JI 0 r Ii H
99
tbl nonblTaeMC.H ,naTb 3,[teCb 60Jlee HJlM Meaee no,npo6aoe onJ£a.
HHe MOP«P0JlOrHH KSOYJlH, cne aJlbHO BbI.QeJlJlJl oco6eHHocTH, OT-
JlHqalOIltHe ero OT JlHTepaTypHoro .H3b1Ka H HRor.Qa OT 3ana.l{HO-
HpaHcKHX,roBopoB.
B rJlaBe cymecTBHTeJlbHblX H npHJlaraTeJlbHblX Mbl pac- .
cMaTpHBaeM TaK>Ke HeKOTopble rJlarOJlbHble cpOpMbI. CaMo )Ke
Cnp.H>KeHHe rJlarOJia paccMaTpHBaeTC.H B cneQHaJlbHOH rJlaBe.
Pacnpe,neJleHHe MaTepHaJia no rJlaBaM B 9TOJi qaCTH rpaM-
MaTHKH onpe,neJl.HeTC.H oOJlee y,n06CTBOM, H3J10J<eHH.H, He>KeJlH JlO-
rHqeC1<HMH co06pa>KeHH.HMH (cp.': HMeHHble cpOpMbl, aeH3Me-
H.HeMble CPOpMbI H T. .).
CHHTaKcHc CJlOBa .l{aeTC.H B 9TOH qaCTH pa6oTbI. npe,nJlo-
>KeHMe paccMaTpHBaeTc..H B qaCTH, nOCB.HIneHHoJi coocTBeHHo CBH-
TaKcHcy.
J1MEHHbIE OPMhI
,CYlQeCTBHTeJlbHbIe'
J 100. Cy 4»HKC @/e e )fBJtqHOCTH..
. .
@ e,nHHHQROCTH HCnOJlb3yeTC.H TOJlbKO B nOBecTBOBaTeJlbHOA
nOJlYJlHTepaTypHoH peQH (06b1qHO Heonpe,neJleHHoJi «popMe npeA-
lHecTByeT yak C O,nHH')-: bAye' · KaKoA-TO ca,n' - yak bSyu
73
HeonpeAeJleHHOe 11MB MOl'eT 6bITb OcpOpMJIeHO OAHOBpe-
MeHHO H npeAweCTBYlOlQHM yak H nOCJIeAYIOInHM : yak bire
· KaKoA-TO C8A'. :
npHMepbl cpoHeTHqe KH" H3MeHeHHA B CJIyqae, eCJIH HM.H
OKaHqHBae"TC.H H8 r JIacBhlA 3BYK::
-a: 'ba e 'KaKol-TO MaJlbqHK' ( CM. 16 )
-8': .'darya-y-e"daryi-y-e 'KaKa.H-TO peKa' (CM. 22)
-i: ke- tiye, ke'Jtiye 'KaKa.H-TO JIOAKa'
-u: aluy@, aluye 'KaKa.H-TO CJlHBa'
-8: k8ye, koye 'KaKa.H-TO ('opa'
-ai: naye, naye 'KaKoA-TO TPOCTHHK'
-ti: jaye, jaye 'K8Koe-TO t.tecTO'
-au': gerawe, gerawe 'KaKoA-TO 3aJIOr'
KaK H B JIT.,t eAHHHqHOCTK (wabdat) ynoTpe6JI.HeTC.H npH
HeOnpeAeJle HHhlX co6HpaTeJIbHblX HMeHax:: mardom-e 'KaKHe-TO
...1JIOAH', ,H npH HMeHax 'BO MHox<eCTseHHOM qHCJIe: zanar (JIT.
zan-ha-y@) 'KaKHe-TO oJ{eHInMHbI'. B 3HaqeHHH onpeAeJIeHHOCTH:
mardome ke 'JlIOAH, KOTopble...'
OTMeTHM!: raft-o Smad-e 'KaKoe-TO ABHx<eHHe', · barg-e
sabz- 'KaKoA-TO 3eJIeHbIA JIHCT', I barg-e darax -e 'ApeBec HbiD
JIHCT', .me-sl-e tu delawar-e 'KaKOA-JIH60 xpa6pen, nOA06HbIA
Te6e' .
t waxt-:-ye ke '(JlT. ta waqt-h - ke) 'AO Tex
nop, nOKa...f npH HapeqHOM 060pOTe JIT. ma-bada ke ..' He AaA
60[", qT06bI...f H e xgsA ke 'H npeX<Ae Bcero', ,8 K6. HMeeTC.H
ma-bidS-y(e) ke, , i xasa-y(e) ke.
metr-e aAt&d awy8ni 'no 80 acpraHH 3a MeTp', · sal-e
yag.bar 'pa3 B ["OA'.
j 101. ICycpcpHKC -8 MHox<eCTBeHHoro qHCJla
OpMbI MHox<eCTBeHHoro qHCJIa Ha in BCTpeqaIOTC.H peAKO B
CTapblX Ha3BaHH.HX, TaKHX KaK ' el-Doxtaran - COpOK AeBymeK,
'AloqSn 'Amflin (JIT. {,Ueqin-o l.arefan) - ABa 6paTa-CB.HTblX,
110xopOHeHHblX B CTapOM KBapTaJIe Ka6YJIa, Ha3BaHHOM B HX
74
qeCTb, ' Ay-(e) Mardin 'KOpOJIb repoeB - A.lH' (JiT. 'zolfan,
e m n'. B HapoAHoA n093HH:
OKOHqaHHe a , npH nOMOInH KOToporo 06h1l1RO o6pa3yeTcB
opMa MHO)KeCTBeHHoro lIHCJla, COOTBeTcTByeT B JlT. ha (cp.
27) H npHHHMaeT CHJ10BOe YAapeHHe; cp. 4tOpMhI MBO}l(eCTBeH-
Horo qHCJla marda 'MY)KtlHHbI', zana ')KefmPlRhI', eAma 'rJl8-
3a', aspa 'JlOWaAH;, payi 'HorH', muy& 'BOJlOChI', j8yA 'aphl-
KH' .
A . A
4)oHeTHtleCKHe H3MeHeHH.H-: -ya HJlH -Wit BMeCTO -a B CJlY-
qae, eCJlH HM.H OKaHtlHBaeTC.H Ha -rJlacHblA 3BYK (CM. jj 32, 33)-:
"
-a 8:: x&ni 'AoMa' (eA. xana)
A.
-al
-au
a&:
ya:
wft:
A"
ya':
ws.
.
aya:
ayA:
awa:
binsa '3p.HtlHe; (eA. biDS)
maya 'pbl6b1' (eA. mAyi)
jidwQ 'qapbl' (eA. jadu)
d ya, HHorAa dya 'AepeB8H; (JlT deh-h )
tazbyi 'tleTKH' (eA. tazbe)
k6wft 'ropbl; (eA. ka)
naya 'TPOCTHHKH' (eAe nay)
paya 'HorH' (eA. pay)
j awA '3epRa .HtlMeHSI (eA. jaw).
"
-a
.
-1
-u
""
-e
A
-0
-ai
KorAa CJlOBa, HatlHflaIOInHeC.H C rJlaCHOrO 3BYJ<a CJIeA)'lOT 3a
HMeHaMH BO MHO)KeCTBeHHOM tlHCJle 88. a, me nepBWI 4JoBeMa nperep-
neBaeT H3MeHeHH.H (CM. 22): mard 'spi-ra s.ar .&xIan cMYJKtIHHbI ce-
JlH Ha .i1owaAeA'; marda adan 'MY)KtlHHbI np.mJlH'; marda (y) et-
tf&q m@..konan 'MY)KtlHHbI 06beAHH.HIOTC.H' (TO )Ke npoHCXOAHT,
KOPAa BTopoe CJlOBO HatlHHaeTC.H Ha i, ); mardA-w(o) zanQ
'MY)KqHHbI H )KeHInHHbl'.
. v
MHO)KecTBeHooe tlHCJlO CJlOBOCO'tleTaHHA: aspa-w .sotora C JlOma,nH H
Bep6J1IOAbl', goft-o"' onid.- a ' 6 ece .n bl ', ri(' )-safeda C cTapHKH' ,
kalin dama '60JlbllIHe JlIOAH'-, aspaka-y C6b-i 'AepeB.HHRble JlO-
llIaAH', barge daraxtA-y"sawz '3eJleHhle ApeBeCBhle JlHCTbB',
bargAy(e) 'sawze daraxt '3eJleHble JlHCTb.H ,RepeBa;.
HeKoTopble apat>cKHe HMeHa MHO)KeCTBeRROrO 1IHCJl8, pac-
CMaTpHBaeMble KaK OpMbI eAHHCTBeHHoro 1IHCJla npHRHMalOT -,:
75
awlid-i C AeTH' (eA. ape walad), tojjar-S C KOMMepcaHTbI' (eA. ape
tajer), a ds-a c JIIOAH; (eA ap 'Aaxs).
C'I'HJlHCTHtleCKa.H ae6pe)KtlOCTb tleKOTOpblX nH I..\OB cnoc06-
cTByeT pacnpOCTpaHeHHIO 9THX <pOpM Aa)Ke B JlHTepaTypaoM .H3blKe.
j 102. CycpcpHKC -a/ -ra::
06heKTHbiA naAe>K HMeH
nOCJIeJIor -a (CM. ;128) O<popMJI.HeT np.HMOe ,nonOJIHeHHe:
daraxt-a borid C OH CnHJIHJI ,nepeBo' (B repaTCKOM rOBOp{; - draxt-
ar borid). nOCJIe CJIOB, OK'aHqHBalOlLlHXC.H Ha rJlaCHbIA 3BYK, yno-
Tpe6JI.HeTCB cpopMa era: xSna-ra did C OH YBH.ZJ;eJI AOM' (B repaT-
CKOM rOBope -xana-ar = xina-r did), daraxta-ra borid 'OH CnHJIHJI
,nepeBbB', i-ra gereft, ki-ra gereft 'tlTO OH B3.HJI, Koro OH B3.HJI;,
tor-@-ra did C OH YBH,neJI Bep6J1IOAa'.
CT.H)KeHHe rJIaCHbIX': ketabaword (= ke Ab-a aword) C OH npH-
Hec KHHry', paisa-ra'.sib kadom (ye-sAb kadom) C.H COCtlHTaJi ,neHb-
rH' (e-sab, JlT. besAb, CM. ! 21-23)..
KaK H B JIT., 3a ,nonOJIHeHHeM, KOTopoe Bblpa)KeHO Heonpe-
.
,neJleHHblM 06heKToM, nOCJIeJIor He CJI AyeT': mewa xordan 'eCTb
cpPYKTbl'; ketSb xandan 'tlHTaTb KHHrH', axbir xan,dan ctlHTaTb
ra3eTbi ' .
j 103. CycpcpHKC -e H3acpeTa:
OTHoweHHe npHHaAJle)KHQcTH
'sar-e'sAI C HatlaJIO ro,na;; dewal-e . ar 'ropo,ncKa.H cTeHa;;
e m-e tu C TBOH rJla3a'; anfir-e irin-e maza-dar-e Qandar 'KaH-
,nar apcKHe BKYCHble CJIaAKHe rpaHaTbl'; ketab-o qayaz-o qalam-e
Ba ir C KHHra, l>YMara H PYtlKa BawHpa'.
npHMepbl CT.H)KeHH.H rJlaCHblX B CJIYtlae, Kor,na CJIOBa OKaH-
, ,
tlHBaIOTC.H Ha rJIaCHbIA 3BYK:
-a:' band@ xoda 'pa6 60)KHA;, xale QS.s m C TeT.H KacHMa'
-i: XodB-y(e) ja8n 'BJIaAblKa MHpa'; adama-y(e) wali 'JIIOAH
ry6epHaTopa'; molla-y(e) de ',nepeBeHcKHA MY.JIJIa'
-i: xo. i mtt 'Hawa paAocTb', pe)Ke xo' i-ye ma
76
-U: alu-y(e) yazni 'ra3HHHcKHe CJlHBbl'; xo' u-y(e) tu
'TBO.H Te a'
-e: ' ambe(ye) dega-afta 'cy660Ta cJle,nYIO eH He,neJlH'; de '
oma C Balli a ,nepeBH.H'; ar-se ma 'MbI Tpoe'
-0: abr8-y(e) tu C TBOH 6POBH'
-ai/ay: nay(e) amand 'JlyroBoH TPOCTHHK'
- i/ay: pay(e) g6spand C 6apaHb.H Hora'
-auf aw: j aw-e aspa 'JlOllIa,nHHbIH .HtlMeHb'.
Bblna,neHHe H3a4>eTa (pe)Ke, tleM B 3ana,nHonepCHACKJfX ro-
Bopax)': aw-x8rdan C nHTbeBa.H Bo,na'; aw-berenj 'Bo,na, B KOTOPOH
BapHJlC.H PHC', KpeCT. bayal-darya 'B03J1e peKH'.
<POpMbI, KOTopble Ka)KYTC.H ,npeBHHMH': 'sayb-'surat 'KpacH-
BbIH' (JIT. sa eb-e ' urat), zan-byadar c 30JlOBKa, )KeHa 6paTa',
zan-mftma ')KeHa 6paTa MaTepH', zan-kaka ')KeHa 6paTa oTQa'.
To )Ke .HBJIeHHe, 06ycJloBJleHHoe «!>oHeTHtleOKH': baray-xod6
'MJ1JIOCTbIH.H', nay- elem 'TpOCTHJ1K AJI.H KaJlb.HHa'.
Pa3HoBHAHOCTb ann03J1QJ1H B': xar-dajal C oceJl aHTHxpHcTa,
caM aHTJ1XpJ1CT'. J13a«!>eT, He "o y aeMblH" HOCHTeJI.HMH .H3bIKa B
co6CTBeHHblX J1MeHax: yolam 'Ali 'pa6 AJIJ1'; Nazar-Mamad' 3rJl.HA
MyxaMMena'; D8s( t) - 1amad 'APyr fvlyxaMMeAa'.
'-}T\I€:paTJ14eCKOe Bblpa)KeHJ1e 0'1' IIorneHJ.I.H npHHaAJIe)KHOCTH npH
IlOMOlUJ1 az (mal-e, ynoTpe6J1TeJlhHOC B 3anaAHblX rOBopax, B B'O-
CT04HblX He CYlUecTByeT)': ketab az Anwar ast 'KHJ1ra npHHaA-
\ ' '0' t ' 0'
JIe)KJ1T _ HBapy; az-ma MOJ1, QZ- 11 TBO".
llMeeToSI ",nBOHHOH J13aq)(\T"' n: asp-e az u 'ero JIOlllaAb';
paida-war-e az-i-molk 'npoAYKI II 1 :JTOH cTpaHbI' (= az-ami-molk,
.HT. az-hamin-molk)e
06paTHblH " aq)eT: C7\l 1 (i6.
npltl8ra bHble
104
(
"ODJICBTeJlbRyl" Cy4t4tHKC -e cJleAyeT 38 HMeReM, K8K B
JlT ': bam-e qil 'BblC0K8J1 Kpblma'; gol-e'sorx 'Kp8CRblA QBeTOK';
golS-y(e) sorx 'KpaCRble QBeThl i ; a'smln-e'saf-e xub-e por--setara
'QHCTOe Kp8CHBoe 3Be3,QRoe Re o'.
OnHC8TeJlbHoe -e, npHMblKalOlQee K HMeSH, onpaAeJlJleMo-
MY npHJl8r8TeJlbHblM H OK8aQHB81OII1eMYCJI fl8 rJl8CflblA 3BYK,
nO.QBepr8eTCJI H3M8R8RHJlM, CXOARbiM C TeMH, KOTopble npeTep-
naBBeT e H384teT8 B nOA06Rb1x CJlYQ8J1,c (cp. 103).
.a: xan-@ kalan '60JlbwoA AOM '; (
-8: Xoda-y bozorg f BeJlHKHIT 60r;; e'Jml-y syft '.qepHble
r Jla38 '
-i': jwSny(e) XO" 'CqaCTJlHB8J1 IOHOCTb;
-U: alu-ye tori 'KHCJl8J1 CJlHB8'
- : lamb ayenda '6YAYut8J1 cy660T8'
-0: abr6-y(e) karnSn '6pOBH AyroA'
-ai': jay(e) kalAn · 60JlbWOe npocTp8RCTBO'
-ai/-Sy: piy(e) ap 'JleB8J1 Hor8'
-au/-aw: daraw-e xub C xopoWHA ypox<aA'
06p8THbiA nOpJl.QOK (tarkib-e tawsifi-y-e maqlub) ynoTpe6-
JlBeTCB C HeKOTopblMH npHJl8r8TeJlbHblMH': xub Adam' xopowHA 'Ie-
JlOBek'; mr mardaka 'cTp8HHblA cy6heKT'; yak-kalan 'dam '60Jlb-
lUoR qeJlOBeK'.
3M<tJaTH'IeCKHe 060POTbi C .QpyrHMH npHJl8r8TeJlbHblMH': am
par aynak-a byar C npHHeCH TOT nOJlHblA q8AHHk'. OTMe'tHM, C
J1P rrOH CTOpOHbl: besyar kas-A 'MHoro Hapo.Qy'; dega adam ' py-
rOM lIeJlOBeK'; dega raqam 'HHOA', ',no-HHoMY'.
BblnaJ].eHHe e (cp. 103) B HeKoTopblX HeMHorHX cJlyqaJlx':
aw yax C XOJlOJ].HaB BOJ].a'; aw gann C rOpJlq8J1 BO.Qa'.
OTMeTHM xftla- irin, xAla-gol H T..Q. (THTYJlbl, KOTopble pe-
OCHOk J].aeT ka>K.QoR H3 CBOHX MHOrO'tlHCJleHHblX TeToK; CM. ! 166).
OTMeTHM: xodB-byAmorz, pade et 'TBOA oTeQ, npocTH ero
6or',. bAy- e kalan-o sabz-o por-az-goI4-y-rang-A-rang-a did 'OH
78
YBHneJl 60Jlbwol 3eJleHbli caA, nOJllIhI1 neCTphiX eTOB',
i xo'l-xuy rafiq-a az koja yafti 'rAe Thl HBJ:leJi TBKoro BeC8J10rO
npHJlTeJlJl' .
J ]05
Cyct»ct»HKC -tar npHJlaraTeJlbllhlX
C)!ct»ct»HKC -tar Bhlpa.aeT cpaBHeRHe: betar · Jlyqme' (JiT.
bahtar); '!eke'sta-tar · 60Jlee p 36HThll;; 'slda-del-tar 'ooJlee
HCKpeHHHA' ; paisa-dAl'-tar · fiora'le; ; p8k-tal'-O 'sat-tar = pak-o-str-
tar ''IHme'.
Cyct»ct»HKC -tar nOBTOpJleTCJI ABaX<AbI TOJlbKO B CJlY'lBJlX:
tar-tar · ropa3Ao JlY'Iwe', batar-tar' ropa3Ao xy.e'.
CTJlx<eHHJI COrJlaCHhiX (CM. J 58): b ttar ; xy.e i , ,xor-ta..
· MeHbme' (BMeCTO xord-tar), 'sax-tar · TBepx<e' (BMecTo 'saxt-
tar), zyatar · 60JlbWe' (JiT. zeySd-tar).
.npHJlaraTeJlblloMY MO)l(eT npeAmecTBoBaTI:i: besyGr-= anoz
· eIne' HJlH an8z-Sm (JlT, han8z-ham), degSm (JiT. digar-ham)':
be'syAr kalan az. .. 'ropa3AO ()OJlbWe, 1IeM...'=besyAr-tar-.
kalAn-az=anoz.kaIAn (-tar) a H T'A, He CJleAyeT, OASBKO, yny-
CK8Tb H3 BHny ceMaRTH1IeCKHe OTTeIlKH,
j 106, Oct»opMJleHHe 06heKTa,
C KOTOpblM cpaBHHBalOT
TaKoMY 06heKTY 06bl1lHO npeAwecTByeT npeAJlor az: az-tu
kalan-tar c 60JlbWe Te6J1'.
h3acpeT HJlH HRaB npHTBx<aTeJlbHaJi ct»opMa HHOrna nOBBJlBeT-
C.H 08 MeCTe az, Cy4»4»H,KC -tar npH 3TOM He ynoTpe6J1BeTCB': ka-
lan-et= kalftn-e tu 60JlbWe Te6J1'. I1HorAa npHJlaraTeJlbHOe Y,ABaH-
, .
B8 TC.H: kalan-e kalan-e tu. I1MeCTCB': xub-el (c npHTB)I(aTeJlb-
RbiM CYct»ct»HKCOM) · Jlyqwe;, xub az-i · JlY'Ime, '1eM 3TO' (=xub-
tar az-i ) .
BeCbMa qaCTO :a pa3rOBopROM B3b1Ke CJlOBY, KOTOPOMY
npe wecTByeT az, rtpH aBJIBeTCB nocJleJlor kada. JlHTepaTypHhlJf
9KBHB8JIeHT, no pacnpOCTpaHeHHOMY B Ka6YJle MReRHIO, OCROB8R-
79
HOMY Ha CM THOM .H3b1KOBOM "tlYBCTBe", eOTb karda (npHtI. npow.
Bp. OT kardan, CM" g' 49). r. MopreHCTbepH npeAJlaraeT (<< Report'
on a lingu stic mission to Afghanistan», 8) B03BOAHTb 9TOT n, -
cJleJlor K ape qadr (cp. j 44, 49, 63) ' eHHocTb', 'KOJlHtleCTBo;.
B Ka6YJlH qadar 03HatlaeT 'HeMHoro', 'OnpeAeJl HHOe KOJlHtleCT-
BO;. rOBOp.HT: az-tu-kada kalan-tar '60JlbWe Te6.H' HJlH az-tu-
kada kalan.
107. OTHoweHHe Me)KAY cnoco6aMH
BhIpa)KeHH.H cpaBHeHH.H
npHMepbl': az-i i betar 'tlTO MO)KeT 6blTb JlYtlme 9Toro?'
=az-i kada i b@..tar.
JI.H BbIpa)KeHH.H MbICJlH "repewK AaJlbWe KaHAarapa"
u
B03MO)KHO HeCKOJlbKO KOHCTPYK H\t; HH)Ke OHH npHBo,Q.HTC.H B no-
p.HAKe ynoTpe6HTeJlbHOCTH H C YtleTOM CMblCJlOBblX OTTeHKOB:
az QandAr-kada 'Gere k dur,' ftar) as;
'GereAk az Qandir (kada) dur (tar) a's;
az Qandar-kada 'Gere k besyar(-xele) dur as;
dur-e dur az Qandftr (kada) 'GereAk as;
az QandAr dur (tar)-e 'Gere k as.
, A
rOBOp.HT: az but (kada) apli-ra xo' (tar>, darom 'MHe 60Jlb-
we HpaB.HTC.H CaHAaJlHH, tleM 60THHKH'; az koll-e kada '60Jlb-
ole Bcero;; az p ' kada (besyAr) zyatar 'ropa3 0 60JlbWe, tleM
paHbwe'; az-u kada ke e nageri b tar as 'Jlytlwe Y)K, eCJlH Tbl
HHtlerO He B03Mewb'; kalan-tar(e) (az) i-ra byar 'npHHeCH 60Jlb-
wHR (KaKOR-Ji. npeAMeT), tleM 9ToT'=kalan-tar-e' -a byar.
t 1080 CY«P«PHKC -tarin
npeBocxoAHOR CTeneHH
1J:acTo Cycl><PHKC -tarin 3aMeH.HeTC.H onHCaTeJlbHblMH 060po-
TaMH. 1J:a e rOBOp.HT':, az-amma (= amme' ) (kada) xub-tar-(tar)= as
koll(e ) (kada) xub-tar (tar) (6YKB o 'JIytlwe Bcex') BMeCTO: xub-
tarin.
80
-tarin H Aa>Ke -tartarin ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H B BblCOKOnapHblX pe-
qax: b@..tarine mardom C JlytlwHA H3 JlIOAeA' . b@-tar-tarine mardom.
! 109. npHJlaraTeJlbHble
apa6cKoro npOHCXO>KAeHH.H
XOT.H Ala cOT JlHtlHbIA' (JiT. sOB C HaHJlytlwHA') eCTb «popMa
npeBOCXOAHOA CTeneHH, B K6. HMeeTC.H ala-tar, ala-tarin. no-
A06Hble JlOBa, npHCY He petlH nOJlyrpaMoT HbIX JlIOAeA, xapaK-
TepH3YlOT TaK>Ke .AYPHOA CTHJlb HeKOTopblX nHCU;OB.
1'0 >Ke KaCaeTC.H apaooKHX cy ecTBHreJlbflblx H HH HHHTHBOB,
ynoTpe6J1.HeMblX "KaK npHJlar'"dTeJlbHbIe (BCJleACTBHe BblnaAeHHH HCXOA-
Horo npHtlaCTJUI WIH cY<P«PHKca) C r Jl8rOJlOM "6b1Tb n.: xabar b dan
C 3HaTb', C 6b1Tb oCBeAOMJleHHblM' (6YKB. C 6b1Tb H3BecTHeM'),
seat bGdan " 'syat b dan C 6b1Tb 3AOPOBblM' (sehat bGdan 03H8-
tlaJlo 6bI C 6b1Tb 3AopoBbeM'), "salimat budan C 6b1Tb 3AOPOBblM' J
zaft bGdan (JiT. zabt), darj bGdan C 6b1Tb 3aperHCTpHpOBaHHblM'
A .
(cp. xaw Dudan 'cnaTb' 6YKB. c 6b1Tb CHOM'), be'star ' dan
C Jletlb B 60JlbHHU;y' BMeCTO 60Jlee npaBHJlbHOrO bestari !odan.
JlHtlHble MeCTOHMeHHB
110 JIHtlHble MeCTOHMeHH.H - cy6heKThI
ma C .H'
tu 1 , TbI '
u 2 C OH'
m& C MbI'
omft 'BbI'
wi ' OHH'
KaK H B JlT., JlHtlHble MeCTOHMeHH.H ynoTpe6J1.HIOTC.H 3 aTH-
tleCKH.
wai C OH' B pa3rOBopHOM .H3b1Ke Ka6YJla OTCYTCTByeT.
1 B TpaA OHHOM JlHTepaTypHOM npOH3HoweIBfH t6.
2 ·
8 TPa.Q OHHOM JlHTepaTypHoM npoH3HomeItHH 8.
6-63
81
rni ynQTpe6J1seTCS T8K)Ke B 3HatleHHH 's' (B «paMHJlbSpHOM
S3b1Ke) C r.narOJlOM B «pOpMe MHO)KeCTBeHHOrO tlHCJla.
mSw omA (=ma WO 'Aom8 'MbI H BbI') HHKJlI03HBHas «popMa,
03HatlalOInaS 'MbI C BaMH', 'Bce MbI', rpaMMaTHtleCKH aHaJlOrHtI-.
Ha ,«popMe mal To )Ke KacaeTCS H «pOpMbl ma-mardom 'Bce Mbl',
KOTOpaH MO)KeT TaK)Ke ynoTpe6J1sTbcS H ,nJlS 0603HatleHHS 1-ro
JlH a e,nHHCTBeHHoro tlHCJla (CM. 174). O,nHaKo mi-mardom
(KaK H ' omft-mardom) MO)KeT coxpaHsTb CMbICJI 'Haw Hapo,n',
KaK, HanpHMep, B npe,nJlO)KeHHH': ma mardom ba-i am8xta"stem
'Mbl (Haw Hapo,n) K 9TOMY npHBblKJlH'.
wi 'OHH' (u+i) -9TO U 'OH' B «popMe MHO>KeCTBeHHoro
tlHCJla (CM. 25). w ynoTpe6J1seTcs TaK)Ke ,nJlS 0603HaQeHJ1.H
MHO)KeCTBa Heo,nyweBJleHHblX npe,nMeTOB. on8' (JiT. ftn+hft) CTa-
HOBHTCS Bce 60Jlee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbIM. JIT. e Sn ynoTpe6J1seTcs
KpaAHe pe,nKO.
' omft 'Bbl' ynoTpe6J1seTCs (no-BH,nHMOMY, C He,naBHero BpeMeHH)
npH Be)KJlHBOM 06paIneHHH K O,nHOMY tleJlOBeKY, a wa (pe>Ke) -
B 3-M JlH eo B 060HX 9THX cJlytlasx COOTBeTCTBYIOInHe rJ1arOJlbl
CTaBSTCS BO MHO)KeCTBeHHOM tlHCJle.
C QeJlblO H36e>KaTb ynoTpe6J1eHHs 1-ro JlH a e,nHHCTBeH-
Horo tlHCJla rOBOpSInHA HHor,na rOBopHT 0 ce6e B 3-M JtH e:.
byGder-et ',IiI) TBOA 6paT'; rafiq-et '[s) TBO TOBapHIn'; nokar-
et ',/s) TBOA cJIyra'; n6kar-etan C [sJ Baw cJlyra;, a B aprOTH-
tleCKOM H WYTJlHBOM S3b1Ke: kAket ',[s] TBOA nOKpOBHTeJlb'.
CooTBeTcTBYIOInHA rJlaroJi CT8.BHTCS B 3-M JlH e e,nHHCTBeHHoro
tlHCJla.
nO,n06HO 9TOMY, tu 3aMeHseTCS Ha AyG 'rocno,nHH', 'cy-
,nap'b' (capKaCTHtleCKH), KaK B Hapo,nHOM «ppa8 Y3cKOM S3b1Ke, H
cooTBeTcTBYIOd(HA rJIarOJi CTaBHTCS B 3-M JlH e e,nHHcT'BeHHoro
t{HCJla': aya tal@ xaw-as (JiT. aqA ta-haI xwab-ast 'rocnop;HH eIne
cnHTt') .
3-e JlH O MHO)KeCTBeHHoro tlHCJla tlaCTO ynoTpe6J1seTcs (6e3
npeHe6pe)KHTeJlbHOrO oTTeHKa) B cJlytlasx THna': Nas.im-e An &mada
bodan 'HacHM Hero ,nPY3bS (HJIH ero po,nCTBeHHHKH) npHxo,nHJlH'
(CM. j 112).
82
JIll. JIHqHble MeCTOHMeHHS - 06heKTbI
1J:acTHQa -ra, npHCOe,nHHSeMaS KJlHqHbIM MeCTOHMeHHSM-
cy6heKTaM, ,naeT JlHqRbIe MeCTOHMeHHS-06heKTbI': mara, u-ra,
rTlara, ' omft-ra, wa-ra. KaK H B JlT., BMeCTO tura npOH3HOCST tora
(CM. 17, 18).
JIHqHble CY«P«PHKcaJlbHble MeCTOHMeHH.H-06heKTbI ynoTpe6-
JUIIOTCS JlH60 C nOCJleJlOrOM a/ra, JlH60 6e3 Hero: dBdem,=dSdema
· 08 M8e ,naJl' (= dSd mara =ma-ra dAd), gerefte' (a) cOH B3.HJI ero":
-em HJlM -ema
-et -eta
-e -e a
-emi -emAra
-etftn
-etana
-e'Ain -e' ana
3TH MeCTOH¥eHHS MorYT YKa3b1BaTb Ha np.HMOe ,nonOJIHe-
HHe, KaK B zade' an · OH y,napHJI (n06HJI) HX', HJlH Ha KOCBeHHoe
AOnOJlHeHHe, KaK B dade an c 08 ,naJi HM'. OHH He npHHHMalOT CH-
JlOBOrO y,napeHHS.
npHMeqaTeJlbHO OTCYTCTBHe «POpMbI -eman (C03,naHHoA B
3ana,nHblX rOBopax no aHaJlOrHH C -etftn, MH. OT -et).
B pe3YJlbTaTe CTS)KeHHS rJlaCHblX, B03HHKalOT «pOpMbI
-im(a), -it(a)... (eCJlH rJlarOJlbHa.H «popMa, K KOTOpoA npHMbl'-
KalOT 9TH CY«P«PHKcaJlbHble MeCTOHMeHHS, OKalNHBaeTCS Ha i) ,
H. -ema, -eta..., (eCJlH 9Ta rJlarOJlbHa}! «popMa OKaHqHBaeTCS Ha
a )': m@-zani (a) 'Tbl ero 6bewb'; m@-zan@ (a) 'OH ero 6beT'
(BMecTo K6. m@..zana+e' , CM. j 16). TaK )Ke pa3J1Hqa1OTCS za-
de (a) c OH ero y,napHJI' (npeTepHT) (zade (a) ) H zad-e · OH
ero y,napHJI' (nep«peKT) ( ada-e' ).
j 112. YnoTpe6J1e8He CY«P«PHKcaJlbHoPo MeCTOHMeHHS-
06beKTa B pOJIH npHT.H)KaTeJlbHOrO
JC A '" XA -
-em, -et, -e' , -ema, -etan, -e:san, 9HKJlHTHqeCKHe Me-
CTOHMeHH.H (aHaJlOrHqHble JlT.)-: e m-em 'MoA rJla3'; -ema,
0- 2 6 3
83
-eta, -e a, -em8ra, -etAna, -e' 8na ynoTpe6JUIIOTCS, KorAa cYIne-
CTBHTeJlbHOe, 04»opMJlJleMOe 3THM.MeCTOHMeHHeM, CTOHT B 06b-
eKT HOI.1 naAeJKe: de'st-e-Aa gerefti 'Tbi B3SJI ero 3a PYKY'.
rOBOpST:, dest-o pay 'ero PYKH H HorH', de"ste por-zorel
'ero CHJlbHaS PYKa'. OTMeTHM TaK)Ke.: 'sabay = farday 'Ha cJle-
AYIOInHA AeHb'.
CJleAyeT OTMeTHTb COBnaAeHHe cpOpM -ema H e-ma (e H3a-
4»eTa +ma) . 3Ta aHaJIOrHJI npOCJ1eJKHBaeTCS BO BceA cepHH
9HKJlHTHqeCKHX MeCTOHMeHHAJqTO, KaK npeACTaBJISeTCH, no-
BJlHSJlO Ha TeM6p rJlaCHOrO e BO Bcex JlHQax (TDa.nHQHOHHoe H
- )( /It A )CA
JlHTepaTypHoe npOH3HoweHHe- -am, -at, -a:), -ema, -etan, -e' an,
Cpt j 111).
CTSJKeHHS rJlaCHblX, TaKHe )Ke, KaK H npH -e H3acpeTa,
BJlHSICT Ha -e 3HKJlHTHQeCKJfX MecToHMeHHA,: det 'TBOS ,nepeBHs',
bandet 'TBOA cJlyra', baccayt 'TBOH ,neTH', zendagit 'TBOH
JKH3Hb', abr8yt 'TOOH 6POBH', ' uyt 'TBOA MY)K', nayt 'TBOS
CBHpeJlb', payt 'Taos Hora' (CM. 25, cp. 9 103).
B npeAJlO)KeHHH H3a4»eT C nocJleAYIO HM B03BpaTHblM Me-
CTOHMeHHeM MO)KeT 6blTb 3aMeHeH Ha CY<P<PHKCaJlbHOe MeCTOHMe-
HHe B 06beKTHoM naAe>Ke, eCJlH AeAcTBHe HanpaBJleHO Ha np A-
MeT, npHHaAJleJKa HA JlHQY, BbIpa)KaeMOMY no,nJle)KaInHM. MO)KHO
C paBHbIM ycnexoM CKa3aTb': a'sp-em-a fOrOxtom 's npOAaJl CBOIO
JlOWaAb' - H asp-e xod-a foroxtom. M O>KHO CKa3aTb': asp-et-a
for6xti = asp-e xod-a for6xti, asp-etana foroxten=asp-e xod-a
A "
loroxten. CYCPCPHKCaJlbHoe MeCTOHMeHHe He ynoTpe6J1seTCS npH I-M
JlHQe MHO>KeCTBeHHOro QHCJla, T8K tlTO ,nOnyCTHMO JlHWb: asp-e xod-a .
fomxten.
i 0 )Ke KacaeTCS H CTOJIb BaJKJlorO cJlyqas, KaK 3-e JlHQO
(eA. H MH. QHCJlO)': asp-e!a for6xt He 03HaQaeT (B npOTHBono-
JlO)K HOCTb 3anaAHonepCHACKHM rOBopaM, HanOMHHalOInHM B 3TOM
OTHoweHHH cppaHQY3CKHA H3bIK) 'OH npOAaJl CBOIO JlOWaAb', a .
TOJlbKO 'OR npOAaJl ero JlOWaAb' (T. . JlOWaAb KaKorO-TO ,nPyro-
ro, 4-ro JlHQ8, 0 KOTOpOM HAeT peqb). B Ka6YJlH rOBOpST': asp-e
xod-a fOrOxt H nOHHM81OT nOA 3THM, QTO JlOWaAb npHHaAJle)KHT
TOhty, KTO ee npOAaBaJi. (3Ta TeHAeHQHS, eCJlH rOBopHTb TOtlHee,
84
CYIUecTByeT If B 3anaAHOnepCHACKHX r:'0BOpaX, rAe rOBOp3T TaK-
)Ke: 8"Sp-e xod-eJ-a ...)
8 Ka6YJlH CycpcpHKCaJlbHOe MeCTOHMeHHe CJlCAyeT 3a B03-
BpaTHbiM npH 9M«pa3e, nOHHMaeMoA B WHpOKOM CMbICJle (CM.
113).
-e MO>KeT npHCOeAHH.HTbC.H K npHJlaraTeJlbHoMY npH cpaB-
HeHHH: kalAn-e' c.60JlbWHA'. TaK rOBOp.HT, B '1aCTHOCTH, 0 ABYX
6paTb3x; kalan-e Amada bud ya xord-e 'npHXOAHJI cTapwHA HJlH
MJIaAwHA?' (oTBeT MO)KeT 6bITb, aanpHMep, TaKoA.: xord- es
'MJlaAWHA : yak xub-e a byar C npHHeCH [TOT, KOTOpbIA] nOJlY'I-
me'. cpaMHJlti.HpHO rOBop3T': yak doxtar-e xub-e cKpaCHBa.H Ae-
BywKa', xub-e as cOHa KpaCHBa3'. Ilpe3pHTeJlbHO 06paIUa3CI? K
KOMY-JlH60, rOBop3T': b@ are' I HeCtlaCTHbIA!', ajab dew&ne
asti I TbI Ha peAKOCTb rJlyn'.
3TH MeCTOHMeHH.H MorYT npHcoeAHH3TbC.H K HeKOTopbIM
npeAJlOraM': bar-et 'AJI.H Te63', da-y · B HeM' (da+e' , JI T.
dare' , CM. j 24), katim 'co MHOA' (kati+em), katit Cc T06oA',
kati IC HHM', IC HeA', katimA Cc HaMH', katitan IC BaMH',
kati an · C HHMH;.
3TH MeCTOHMeHH.H npHCOeAHH.HIOTC3 K '1HCJlHTeJlbHbIM, KO-
TOpbIM npeAwecTByeT ar (JlT har)': ar- ar-etln C Bbi Bce '1eTBe-
po', ar-duy-mA 'Mbi 06a'. MeCTOHMeHH3 eAHHCTBeHHoro tlHCJla
ynoTpe6Jl.HIOTC3 AJl3 0603Ha'leHH3 MHO>KeCTBeHHoro C OTTeHKOM
.
npeHe6pe>KHTeJlbHOcTH': ar- ar-et bandi m a C BbI 6YAeTe ape-
CTOBaRbi Bce tleTBepO'; ar se gir-amad I Bce Tpoe 6blJlH CXBa-
qeHbI' .
CY«P«PHKcaJlbHoe MeCTOHMeHHe npHCOeAHH.HeTC3 K HMeHH
co6cTBeHHoMY (npe3pKTeJlbHo): Nasim-e amad ' 9TOT HaCHM
npKWeJl' .
B03BpaTHbie MeCTOI1MeHl1fl
113
.
xw@' K xwestan HeynoTpe6KTeJlbHbl B pa3ro opHoM .H3bIKe
(xes HJlJ1 xe -a 03HatlaeT I pOAcTBeHHKK'). xod oCTaeTC.H e):\KH-
6-3 63
85
CTBeHHbIM Q06CTBeHHO B03BpaTHbI"M MeCTOHMeHHeM B Ka6y-
JlH':
xod-a da dyna did & 08 YBH,neJl ce6.H B 3epKaJle';
az xod paid& kada C OH CaM HaWeJl';
kir-e xoda boku C ,neJlaA CBOe ,neJlo' j
xoda andaxt & OH 6POCHJlC.H';
xod-e 'A'slam amada bud C caM ACJlaM npHxoJ(HJI' j
qadr-e az xod kalin-tara dane"stan C e8HTb Toro, KTO Bblwe' j
qadr-e az xod kalan-tara bedAn & eHH Toro, KTO BbIwe Te6.H'j
xod-ema did.=xod-e mara did C 08 YBH,neJl MeH.H'.
xod-em, xod-et (c CY<lupHKCaJlbHbIM MeCTOHMeHHeM rOBO-
p.HT 'laIne, qeM': xod-e ma, xod-e tu ... (H3a,eT + JlHqHOe M€CTO-
HMe HHe) &.H caM', & TbI caM'. .. CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb 9M,a THqe-
CKoe ynoTpe6J1eHHe o,nHOBpeMeHHO 060HX cnoc060B (KOM6HHH .
pyeMbIx TaK HJlH HHaqe)': ma xod-em, tu xod-et, u xod-e- , mA xod.,.
emS, " oma' xod-et n, W8 xod-e an.
d d-t C " ,
az-xo -em, az-xo e, ... Moe, TBoe... YKa3blBalOT Ha
9M,a3Y. az-xoda byar C npH"HeCH cBoe', i az-xod-et&n as '9TO
npHHa,nJle>KHT BaM'. 110,n06Ho 9TOMY, ynoTpe6J1.HIOT H3a$eT B 060-
pOTe: kir az-xod-e afyAnA'"s C 9TO ,neJlo caMHX a$raH eB'; (pop-
MYJla Be>KJlHBOCTH npH OTBeTe Ha KOMnJlHMeHT: xubi az xod-e
' omfts C ,n06po HCXO,nHT OT Bac caMoro'.
rOBOp.HT KaK ma xod paisa dar-om & y .Me8.H caMoro
eCTb ,neHbrH', TaK H ma xod-em (= ma xod-e ma) paisa d8ro
MO>KHO TaK)I(e YCJlbl waTb: ma. az-xod (= az-xod-em) paisa darom.'
(CM. 112 - pOJIb B03BpaTHoro MeCTOHMe8HSI npM pa JlH-
qeHHH 3-ro H 4-ro JlH a.)
YK83aT JlbHble MeCTOHMeHM.H
j 114. CTpoeHHe YKa3aTeJlbHblX MeCTOHMeHHA
.
B TO BpeM.H KaK i '9TO' COOTBeTcTByeT JIT. in (,nJI.H 6J1H3-
KHX npe,nMeToB), JlHqHOe MeCTOHMeHHe (! 110) u 'TO' HCnOJlb-
3yeTC.H KaK YKa3aTeJlbHOe, TaM r,ne B JlT. ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H an
86
(AJI.H YAaJleHHbIX npeAMeTOB)': i pyAIa C 9Ta tlawKa', u py&la 'Ta
tlaWKa", az-i '9Toro', az-u C Toro', i-ka's C 9TOT tleJlOBeK', i-'kas
II 9TH JlIOAH'. opMa MHO)KeCTBeHHoro tlHCJla ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H JlHWb
B Tex CJlYtla.HX, KorAa npeAMeT He Ha3BaH, OHa 06pa3yeTC.H OT
«pOpMbI eAHHCTBeHHoro tlHCJla': ya (i+ 8) '9TH' H W8 (u t. a) (CM.
110) 'Te' (CM. f 25).
CJlOBa ena 'BOT' (JIT. enak/inak) H 8na 'BOH.', COeAHH.H.HCb
C MeCTOHMeHH.HMH i H u, AalO'r: @rii (HJlH ini ) II BOT 9TOT' H onu
(HJlH unu) 'BOH TOT'. OTMeTHM, KCTaTH, cpaMHJlb.HpHbIe CPOP_MbI':
enAike 'BOT 9TOT' H 6naike C BOH TOT'.
YKa3aTeJlbHble MeCTOHMeHH.H i H U, KOTOpblM npeAweCT-
ByeT am (JIT. ha ), AalOT ami '9TOT)Ke caMbIA' H amu f TOT )Ke
caMblA .
Be nOCJleAHHe cpOpMbl, KOTOpbIM npeAwecTByeT, COOTBeT-
CTBeHHO, ena H ona, AalOT': en-am-i 'BOT 9TOT caMbIA', 6n-am-u
C BOH TOT caMbIA'.
3AeCb AaIOTC.H Ta6JlH bI, QpeACTaBJI.HIOUJ.He tleTbIpe cepHH (c
B03paCTWOIneA CTeneHblO 9Mcpa3bI) YKa3aTeJlbHbIX MeCTOHMeHHA
Ka6YJlH H H3MeHeHH.H rJlaCHbIX B cpopMe MHO)KeCTBeHHoro tlHCJla
no cpaBHeHHIO C COOTBeTCTBYIOInHMH 4>opMaMH eAHHCTBelUloro
tlHCJla. CHJl0J30e y,llapeHHe B py6pHKax III H IV naAaeT Ha no-
cJleAHHA CJlor, a B py6pHKe II - Ha npeAnocJleAHHA.
Ta6Auu,a 5
E oUHcm6 eHHO e _{JJ MHoze C"'6 eHHO e J. flUCAO
.---
C y"asaHueM o61e"ma UAU 6es HetO
I II III IV
. " . . " .
1 enl amI enaml
onu A
u amu onamu
C 9TOT' C BOT 9TOT' · 9TOT )Ke' 'BOT 9TOT .[)Ke]'
, TOT' C BOB TOT- 'TOT )Ke' C 80H TOT [)KeJ'
6-4 63
87
Ta6AU14a 6
MHOXeCtl&tJeHHoe 14UCAO
6es y"asaHuJI o61Je"tI&a
I II III IV
-
@nya A @na my!
ya amya
wA onwG amwB A A
onamwa
, 9TH' 'BOT 9TH' , , 9TH )Ke' 'BOT 9TH l>Ke./'
, Te' 'BOH Te' 'Te >Ke' II BOH Te l>Ke I'
BCTaBHble y H.'IH W nO.HBJI.HIOTC.H B Tex CJlYtla.HX, KOI'Aa 3a
YKa3aTeJlbHbIMH MeCTOHMeHH.HMH CJleAYIOT CJlOBa, HatlHHaIOInHeC.H
C rJlaCHOI'O (CM. j 23). i-y-Adam (i-Y&dam), u-w-adam (u-Wadam,
@ni-y-Bdam, 8nu-w-adam. MorYT Ha6J1IOAaTbC.H TaK>Ke ,nPyrHe BH-
AbI abInaAeHHH 3BYKOB H CT.H>KeHHA, KOTopbIe JlerKO pacn03HaTb':
i's '9TO OH (9TOT)' (JiT. in-ast), u's '9TO TOT' (JiT. An-ast),
ona -mu-s 'jTO TOT >Ke' H T.,n. Y YKa3aTeJlbHbIX MeCTOHMeHHH
MHO>KeCTBeHHoro tlHCJla Ha6JlIOAaIOTC.H Te >Ke HBJleHH.H, tlTO H Y
CYIneCTBHTeJlbHbIX MHO>KeCTBeHHoro tlHCJla,OKaHtlHBaIOInHXC.H Ha a.
OTMeTHM, tlTO yam' TaK>Ke H 9TOT' (i + am, JlT. in-hanl)
03HatlaeT KpOMe Toro 'TaK>Ke H 9TH' (ya + m) (CM. J 25).
cI>opMa em ynoTpe6J1HeTCH tlame, tleM B JlT.j I1MeeTC.H':
emsSI, cm-r6z, em- aw; 'Ha 9TOT pa3' Bblpa>KaeTC.H CJlOBaMH
em-bSr=em-ga t=em-dafa = em-karat, Hap.H,ny C i-bar, i-ga t,
i dafa, i karat.
115. YKa3aTeJlbHbIe cpOpMbI CJlO>KHbIX HapetlHH
nepetlHCJleHHe H3MeHeHHH cpoHeTHtleCKOrO nOp.H,nKa 6bIJlO
6bI 3AeCb npaKTHtleCKH He CTOJlb y,n06HO, KaK cBe,neHHe COOT-
BeTCTBYlOmHX ,naHHblx B Ta6JlH Y'; oTMeTHM, TeM He MeHee,
COKpaIneHHe rJlaCHbIX BO MHor IX cJlyq,aHX (CM. 9 17), nOHBJleHHe
n (CM. 55) H y,nBoeHHe HeKoTopbIX COrJlaCHbIX (CM. 50). CJ1-
10Boe y AapeHHe na,naeT Bcer.na Ha co6CTBeHHO YKa3a eJlbHYIO
4aCTb KO 1n03HTOB: aMENja, 6naMCEsu.
38
HapetlHS MeCTa:: Mbl HMeeM ABe cpOpMbI C OAHHM H TeM )J(e
3HatleHHeM : ija H enja;inja · 3AeCb'.
Ta6AUf4a 7
I II III IV
. . @nij a . . namija
IJa amlJa
. . =@ninj a . A .
=lnJ a =amenJa =enamenJa
. A . . A .
uJa onuJ a amuJ a onamuJa
. . . =8namunj a
=onJa =unJ a =amunJa.
HapetlHS flanpaBJleHHS': HMelOTCS .nBe 9KBHBaJleHTHbie cepHH
issu H isson · clOAa' (CM. 59), pa3J1Htla1OInHeCS JlHWb CBOHMH
OKOHtlaHHSMH. Mbl AaeM 3AeCb 'JlHWb OAUY 4»oPMY.
Ta6Jlu'l4a 8
I II III IV
. " . . ... .
ISSU enlSSU amlSSU enamlssu
A
OSSU onossu amossu onamossu
HapeQHH 06pa3a Ael1cTBHS': etto 'TaK' (JiT. in-tawr) npo-
H3HOCHTCH TaK)Ke ettor (H ottor ... H T.A., CM. 9 59)'; Mbl AaeM
3AeCb <POPMY 6e3 KOHetlHOrO r.:
Ta 6Jlu 'l4a 9
I II III IV
" ametto A
etto enetto enametto
onotto amotto "
otto onamotto
I
KOJlHtleCTBeHHbIe HapetlHH': eqqa C CTOJlbKO' (JiT. in-qadar ).
Pe)l{e Iv10)l{tIO ye.,!} hIlll aTb eqqad.
89
T a 6 .II U "a 10
I II III IV
A "
eqqa eneqqa ameqqa enameqqa
oqqa ,. Onamoqqa
onoqqa amoqqa
,l\PyrHe CJlO>KHble HapeqH.H Jlerqe pacnaAalOTC.H Ha COCTaBHble
qaCTH, TaK qTO cpOHeTHqeCKJfe H3MeHeHH.H y HHX JlH60 OTCYTCT-
BY lOT, JlH60 JlerKO pacn03HaIOTC.H. MMeeTC.H': i-wax C ceAqac' (JIT.
in-waqt), u-wax 'B TO BpeM.H', i-waxta · HblHe' , u-waxta C B Te
BpeMeHa' .
BonpOCHTeJlbHble cpOpMbI THna eqqa 'CKOJlbKO?' (JIT. ce-
qadr) aHaJlH3HpYIOTC.H Jlerqe C cpOHeTJf1IeCKOA TOqKH 3peHH.H nocJle
paCCMOTpeHH.H 3THX CJlO>KHblX HapeqHA.
BonpoCHTeJlbHble MeCTOHMeHHJI
116
ki I KTO?' (0 JlIOA.HX) cpoHeTHqeCKH OTJlHqaeTC.H OT OTHOCH-
TeJlbHOrO MeLTOHMeHH.H ke': ki did C KTO YBHAeJl?'; kira didi C KO-
1'0 Tbl YBH.QeJl?'; byftdar-e ki I qeA 6paT?'. cI»oHeTHqeCKHe H3Me-
HeHH.H perYJI.HpHbI': ki-y-amad I KTO npHWeJl?'; k'-ira gerefta 'KTO
B3.HJI 3TO?'. C rJlarOJlOM « 6b:Tb» B HaCTO.Hll(eM BpeMeHH': kistom
'KTO .H?', kisti, kis ... YnoTpe6J1eHHe COqeTaHHA ki-y-astom,
ki-y-asti, ki-y-as ... Ha6J1IOAaeTC.H TOJlbKO npH 3Mcpa3e.
ct»OpM8 MHO>KeCTBeHHoro qHCJla kya He CTOJlb ynoTpA61t-
TeJlbHa': kya amada bodan 'KaKHe JlIOAH npHXOAHJlH?' to ki kasa
amada bud(an) = ki-ki amada bud?t kiki, KaK Ii B JlT., HMeeT
pacnpeAeJlHTeJlbHOe3HaqeHHe.
i I qTO?' (0 Bell(ax): i bud t qTO 3TO 6bIJlO?'; i-ra didi
· qTO Tbi BHAeJl?'; sar-e i 'H3-3a qero?'; i kir dAri I qTO TQ-
6e H8AO?'. i BXOAHT B BeCbMa yn01pe6HTeJlb Hble a.QBep6HaJlb-
Hble BOnpOCJfTeJlbHble cpOpMbI':
K6. i wax(t) C KorAa?' - JlT. e-waqt;
K6. az i jAt 'nOqeMY?' - JlT. az e jehat.
90
Bonpoc 'KaK?J, 'KaKHM 06pa30M?' Bblpax<aeTCB CJlOBaMH
i-raqam = i-qes em.
M3MeueHHB cpOHeTHqeCKOrO nopBAKa CXOAHbI C TeMH, KOTO-
pble Ha6,,1IOAaIOTCB B cJlyqae ki; rOBopB'r: i-y-awordi ' qTO Tbi
npHHeC\?;; istom 'qTOBTaKoe?'; isti ''1TOTbiTaKoe?'; is
'qTO 3TO TaKoe?'.
"nOJlHble" cpOpMbI ci-y-astom, i-y-asti, i-y-as ynoTpe6-
JI.HIOTCB AJI.H 3Mcpa3b1.
B HeKOTopblX KOMn<!3HTax HMeeTCB cpopMa e +: eti
, nOqeMY?', eri-ke I nOTOMY qTO', eqqa · CKOJlbKO ?'.
B CJlOBe ot6 'KaK?' (JIT. ce-taur) HaJlH O CO-. nOA BJlH.HHHeM
?» BTOpoA qaCTH KOMn03HTa (CM. 19, cp. i 115).
cI»opMa MHO)KeCTBeHHoro qHCJJa ya': ya-ra gerefti 'Ka-
KHe BelUH Tbl B3.HJI?'( = i i-ra gerefti); i- i, KaK H B JlT.,
HMeeT pacnpe.neJlHTeJlbHOe 3HaqeUHe.
kodAm 'KOTOpblA?', kodamft C KOTopbie?', kodSm-yaki 'KO-
TOpblA: (H3...)?', kodAm-e Sn HJlH kodam-yaki- an 'KOTOpbIA H3
HHX?', kodAm-su I B KaKYIO CTOPOHY?', kodam qesm 'KaKoA:?'.
can ( d). npHMeqaTeJlb.flbl .HBJletlHSI 08eTH\leCKOrO nopSiAKa. IO>K-
" .,,, ,
riO CTOJlb >Ke qaCTO CJlblWaTb can, KaK H cand, B: canroz 'CKOJlbKO AtleA: ,
can- aw 'CKOJlbKO 80qei1', an- ro 'CKOJlbKO JleT' (cM.f f 58).
an npoH3HOCHTC.H B: annafar 'CKOJlbKO 'qeJlOBeK?', an-
Y A V '
dafa (:=cambar=cankarat) · CKOJlbKO pa3?', <!anqes -m (-<!anraqam)
C CKOJlbKO COpTOB?J. 3TO MeCTOHMeHHe nepeA b BcerAa nepexo-
AHT Beam (CM. j 60).
'and npoH3HOCHTC.H B: <!and-adam 'CKOJlbKO qeJlOBeK?',
and OD'lOr (JIT. t omr) ka a 'CKOJlbKO eMY JleT?'.
kai 'KorAa?', az-kai 'c KaKHX nop?', t6-(ba)-kai c.no
KaKHX nop?', .kai-dega (=kai-dega-baz)' KorAa )Ke?'.
ku MO)KHO nepeBeCTH KaK I r e, nOKa)KHTe MHe !": ku-paisa
'rAe AeHbrH (0 KOTOpblX Tbi rOBopHWb)?'. rOBOp.HT TaK)Ke ku-ke
(ke- TO, qTO BbI MHe .rOBopHTe), ku-dega 'rAe )Ke?'.
koja 'rAe': koja m@-ri 'KYAa Tbl HAewb?', koja od 'KY-
Aa OH .neBaJlCB?', koj B.yt awgar od '.KY Aa Tbl paHe H?', koj asti
· r.ne Tbl?', kojas · rAe OH?'.
91
OTHOC.HTeJlbHble MeCTOHMeHHJI
j 117
AaaJlOrH'IaO JlT., ke ''ITO' nOABepraeTCJ1 BOKaJlbHOA aCCH-
MHJlJ1QHH, KorAa 3a 8HM CJleAYIOT CJlOBa, aa'lHHalOIUHeCJ1 C rJlac-
HoA':
ki
kini!k ni
kami
k@nami
ku .
konu
k eyB/ky&
kewa
kaz!keYaz
ku/ke Yu
.. 'ITO 3TO...' (ke + i)
· 'ITO BOT 3TO...' (ke+ eni)
''ITO 3TO >Ke...' (ke + ami)
, 'ITO' B'OT 3TO >Ke...' (ke-@nami)
· 'ITO TO...' (ke + u)
''ITO BOH TO...' (ke + onu) ;
''ITO 3TH...' (ke + ya)
''ITO Te...' - (ke + wft)
''ITO OT...' (ke +az)
''ITO OH...' (ke + u)
YnoTpe6J1eHHe ke nocJle <POpM cy ecTBHTeJlbHbIX, MeCTOH-
MeHHA H npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX aHaJlOrH'IHO JlT o ': mard-e ke 'q JlOBeK,
KOTOpblA...', kas-e ke 'TOT, KTO...', ikas-@ ke, u kas-e ke;
wA(y ) ke 'Te, KTO...', ar-kas ke 'Ka>KAbIA, KTO..., KTO 6bl HH...',
ar- i ke ''ITO 6bl HH...', u-j Ay(@) ke 'TaM, r e...;, ar-j ay(e) ke
'rAe 6bl HH...', otor ke / ottor ke I TftK, KaK...', ar- ot8r ke
' 6 '
KaK bl HH... .
CJlY'IaH ynoTpe6J1eHHJ1 H <PYHKl.\HH ke CXOAHbl C JlT o : tu ke
'Tbl, KOTopbIA...'; tora ke 'Te6J1, KOTOpbIA...', 8 ke '0 Tbl, KO-
TOpbIA...', u ke In yftya 'TOT, KTO npHXOAHT... J, u-ra ke mar
gazida · TOT, Koro Y>KaJlHJla 3MeH...', tu ke del-et xo as 'Tbl,
KOTOpblA paAY WbCJ1...', daktar-@ ke mariz pe -es na-y-Sya
.
'Bpa'l, K KOTOPOMY He npHXOAJ1T 60JlbHble', jay-e ke 'safar me-
koni 'TaM, KYAa Tbl e,neWb...'; ar-jay(e) ke be-xay-i 'KYAa 6bl
Tbl HH 3aXOTeJl...'
ke, CJleAYlO1ll.ee 3a ki H ci, MO>KeT 6blTb ony eHo; rOBO-
pHT: ar-ki ke byAya 'KTO 6bl HH npHllIeJl J = ar-ki byBya; ar- i
k(' gofti ''ITO 6bl Tbl HH CKa3aJl' = ar- i gofti.
u:.!
Heonpe,Q J1eHHOe MeCTOHMeHHe
"j 118
kas: kas na-dSra 'BHKTO He HMeeT'; besy&r kas&' 'MHO-
rHe'; kasay(e) ke 'Te, KTO...'; kas-@ Y mada 'KTO-HH6YAb npH-
A .
weJl?; ki amada - ka'sse ne 'KTO npHWeJl? - tIHKTO'.
npHMeqaTeJlbHo "3KcnpeccHBHoe" YABoeHHe.s (CM. j 59).
ftdamfinardom/ensAn (CM. f 172)': &dam ke najar biJa
'eCJlH KTO 60JleH...'; i-ra mardom xo na-dara (/-n) 'HHKTO ero
He JlI06HT'; ens6n i kBr-a na-m kona 'HeJlb3.H TaK nocTynaTb;.
yak, yak-el yaki. rOBOp.HT': yak nafar (yag Adam, yakkas)
amada 'KTO-TO npHIlleJl' = yaki(/_yak-e) amada; yaki(e), ma 'O,ztHH H3
.Hac', 'yakiA.a begi 'B03bMH OAHO'.
kodam. OTMeTHM': kodam;..@ 'KTo-HH6y Ab" = kodam-kas- ;
kodAm wax(t) 'KorAa-HH6YAb;; i-ra kodAm dewana-rab0g6 'cKa-
>KH 3TO KaKoMY-HH6YAb 6e3YM Y'; borB koda be-k'J'-a bopfU
'noAAH H nOHIQH Koro-HH6YAb, KOMY HeqerO AeJlaTb','
felAn 'TaKoA-To', a TaK>Ke: felAni, felan-kas, felan adam
(MB. felAnyA, felan-kasa...), felan iz...
baz-e (JiT. batz-@) 'HeKoTopble": baz-@ m@..gan 'Koe-KTO ro-
BOpHT...' HJlH bSzyft (MH.) m gan; biz-e kasa 'HeKoTopble (JlIO-
AH)' = bAz-@ adamA; b&z-@ <!iz 'BeKoTopble BeInH'.
e (JiT. he<!) 'HHqero": ec-kas(- ) @ - iz(-e) nagofta
'HHKTO HHqerO He CKa3aJl'; e -wax(t) (-e) 'HHKorAa'; .ec-jay(e)
'HHrAe'; @ -kodam 'HHKaKoA, HH OAHH'; . da e ' Gr 'HH B OAHOM
ropOAe'; ba @c raqam 'HHKOHM 06pa30M'.
OTMeTHM e -e 'HHqero": e -e na-gof(t) 'OH HHqerO He
CKa3aJl' .
iz-e/ iz-e 'qTO-HH6YAb ;': iz- ke be-xayi 'qTO Tbl nO>Ke-
JlaeWb'; iz-@ na-gof(t) 'OH HHqerO He CKa3aJl'; iz-e az-ma,
iz- az"' omi 'qaCTb MO.H, a qaCTb Bawa'; iz-e paisa 'HeMHo-
ro AeHer'.
ar (JiT. har) 'Ka>KAblA": ar-ka's '.xa>KAblA', C KTO 6bl TO HH
6bIJlO'; ar-kod&n 'JlI060A', ar- iz ke 'Bce, qTO...'; ar-ki,' Ka>K-
93
AblA, BCe'; ar-yaki(e) HJlH ar-kadam-e 'Ka>K,n;blA H3... '; ar-ci
· Bce'; ar-jay 'Be3Ae'; ar-wax(t) 'BcerAa'; ar-qadar ke delet
' aw-a 'CKOJlbKO yroAHO'.
.'
B cJlyqa.Hx ar-du-ye-ma 'MbI 06a', ar-se..( ye) -tan 'BbI Bce
Tpoe' - COOTBeTCTBYlOll(He rJlarOJlbl CTaB.HTC.H BO MHO>K,eCTBeH-
HOM qHCJle (3a HCKJllOqeHHeM 060POTOB, nepeAaJOll(HX npe3pH-
TeJlbHOe OTHoweHHe).
ama (JiT. hama) 'Bce' B <popMax ama-kas(a), ama. jay(a),
ama-eiz(A), ama-mardomA, ama-\\'ax(ta)..., KOTopble YCTynalOT
MeCTO CJlO>KHblM <popMaM C ar (KpoMe Tex CJlyqaeB, Kor,n;a ama
nepeAaeT OTTeHOK "B TO BpeMB KaK Bce npOqHe... ")'; ama 038a-
qaeT npOCTO "Bce" B TaKHX MeCTOHMeHHblX <popMax, KaK ammema
(JiT. hama-y-e m&) 'Bce MbI', 'ammetSn 'Bbl Bce', amme a me-
xarom '.H KynJlIO Bce'.
amagi/ammag.i npeAwecTByeT TOJlbKO <popMaM MHO>KeCT-
BeHHoro q CJla HJlH c06HpaTeJlbHblM': amagi kasa, ammgi a...
KaK 3M<paTHqeCKHA CHHOHHM ama.
ame/amme (ama + e H3a<peTa) (=ammagi-(e» .HBJI.HeTC.H WH-
pOKO ynoTpe6HTeJlbHblM': amme mardom 'Bce JlIO,n;H'. MMeeTC.H
TaK>Ke: ammagi 'e.
kol-e/koll-e (nOBceMeCTHO 3KBHBaJleHTHOe' MeCTOHMeHHIO
amam-e): koll-e ka'sa, koll-e iza, koll-e r6za (tamam-e rOz
'BcerAa'; tamam-e ynoTp 6J1.HeTC.H 'lame, qeM kol, C <popMaMH
eA. qHCJla), koll-etan 'Bee BbI', koll-e' an-a didorr: '.H BHAeJi
Bcex pe6.HT'. koll-e ba a-ra di<bm.
an(d) 'HeCKOJlbKO' (H yak- an(d), KOTopoe ynoT e6n.HeT-
C.H TaK >Ke, KaK H an(d), HO nepeAaeT 60Jlee OrpaHHqeHHOe KO-
JlHqeCTBo). an-tft; an-dana; an- iz(e) 'HeCKOJlbKO WTYK'; an-
taraf( ) 'B pa3Hble CTOPOHbI', 'Ty,n;a H oIOAa'; an-r6z(e) HJlH
an saba(ye) C HeCKOJlbKO AHeA'.
dega (JiT. digar, CM. f j 19, 49) ',n;pyroA": dega-kas ',n;py-
roA (qeJlOBeK)'; dega-kasB ',n;pyrHe (JlIO,n;H)'; dega-ciz ',n;pyroe';
'dega- iz8 I APyrHe BeIl(H'; dega mardom(a) 'APyrHe J11O,n;H'; dega
' Ar ',n;pyroll ropoA' (MH. dega 6ra).
B 60Jlee a,n;beKTHBHOM 3HaqeHHH': kas-e dega ',n;pyroi1' (MH.
94
kas-iy dega), iz-e dega 'APYI"Oe' (MR. ciz-ay dega) ; &r-e dega
'APyroA rOpOA'.
deg@ (dega + e - JlT. digar + e)': deg@' -a bySr C npHHeCH
APyroA (H3 HHX)', dege" ftn XO"A n@-s C APYI"OA (83 HHX) HeAOBOJleH'.
yak(i) -dega/yagdega Bblpa>KaeT B3aHMHOCTb': yaki-dega-ra
do'st dftran cOHH JII06J1.T APyr APYI"a', az ar-du 'so yaki-dega-ra me-
za-nan C OHH AepYTC.H C 06eHX CTOpOH'.
kam C HeMHoro': kam ka-s(@) C HeMHorHe'; kam ka-sA(ye),
03HaqalOInee C HeM HOI"He H3 Tex, 0 KOM HAeT peqb' SBJI.HeTC.H B
MeHbwei1 CTeneHH HeOnpeAeJleHHblM'; kam" C HeMRO>KKO'; kam-
W2 4 "!e=ya(k}- kam-vGr 'HeMHO>KKo'(CM. 156, 1/! 44), kamak-
'qYTb-qYTb'; ya(k) kamak-@, ya(k) kamak-war@ ccoBceM aeMHO>K-
KO' .
besyar (HJlH x le) C MHoro', esyGr kas C MHoro HapoAY' ,
(besyAr kasa HMeeT MeHee C HeOnpeAeJleHHbIi1' CMblCJI), besyar .
paisa C MHoro AeHer', besyari(ye) C 60JlbWHHCTBO' BeCbMa yno-
Tpe6HTeJlbHo.
yagAn ka-s(a) C HeKoTopble (JiIOAH)', yagan yag-an C Koe-KTo'.
119. eOnpeAeJleHHOe qHCJlHTeJlbHoe
besyAr kas& c'MHorHe JlIOAH', besy'r izB MHorHe BeInH',
pe)l{e rOBOp.HT': izi-y besy&r; be'syari-(e) kasa - c60JlbWH CTBO
JIIOA ei1', besySri mardom.
x,@le (=besyW.) ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H pe>Ke. zyat (JiT. zeyad) 60-
J1ee ynoTpe6HTeJIbHo: zyatar-e mardom'=zyat-e mardom cOOJlbWHH-
CTBO J1IOAei1', : Z yata-rak ' n060Jlbme' .
kam kas(e) C HeMHorHe'; "kam(ak)-e i waraqA-ra xanda
'OH npoqHTaJI HeCKOJlqKO CTpa '; kam(ak)-wAr- i HeMHO>KKO',
kamtarak I COBceM HeM Horo' .
tPOpMbI C andak MeHee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbI.
iz-e az farftnsawyft C HeKOTopbIe <pp aH nY3b1', izak-e az
HJlH izak-@-wSr-@ az C He6oJlbWa.H qaCTb (qero-J1.)', (yak) and
nafar-e (az) C HeMHor e H3...', an-ta-ye HeKOTopble H3...'
yak penj a nafar C OKOJIO 50 qeJlOBeK t.
AABep6HaJlbHble BbIpa>KeHH.H, ynoTpe6J1.HeMbie AJI.H 0603Ha-
95
qeHHB KOJlHq CTBa': yag-zare (JiT. yak arra-@); yaq qadre; eCJlH
O£H 0603HaqalOT TaK>Ke H MHO>KeCTBO, 3a HHMH MO>KeT cJle.no-
BaTb -war.@ ( j 156. 1f 44).
rOBOpBT': yak kat gAdi C MHO>KeCTBO nOB030K' (6YKB. C rpy-
.na nOBo30K'). HeKoTopble o6pa3Hble Bblpa>KeHHB YKa3b1.(aIOT Ha
60JlbUlOe KOJlHqeCTBO: yag-8lam (6YKB. C l.\eJlblA MHp qero-Jl.'),
yak-pand8ki (6YKB. C MeUlOK qero-Jl. i), yak-bala..y-xoda (6YKB.
'60>Kbe HaKa3aHHe qero-Jl.').
nO.n06HO 3TOMY, HeKOTopble CJlO>KHble <POpMbI C besyar, ,
kam, iz HMelOT a.n;Bep6HaJlbHble <PYHKl.\HH.
r
HMeHa \lHCJlHT JlbHble
120. KOJlHqeCTBe HHble qHCJlHTeJlb Hble \"
1 - yak
2 - du
3 - 'se
4 - ar
5 - pain (j)
6 - 'A8"
7 - af(t)
8 a ( t )
9 - D6 .
10 - da
11 - y.lzda
12 - dwizda
13 - 's@zda
14 - Irda
15 - pan .da
16 - '5Anzda
17 - avda
18 - atda
19 - nozda
20 - bis( t)
21- bist yak
22 - bist-o-du
:30 - si
:31 - 'si w-yak
32 - 'si w-du
'40 - el
4i - el-o-yak
SO-penji
51 - penjSw-yak
60 - ' ast
70 - aft&d
80 - a t&d
90 - nawad
100 - 'sad
a>0 - do'sad
300 - sad
400 - arsad
500 - pain(jlsad
600 - Aa sad
700.- afsad
800 - aAsad
900 - n&sad
96
1000 - azar
2000 - do-( w)-azsar
:3000 - 'se-(y)-azar
1374 - azar-o 'sesad-o aftad-o r:6r
1968 - azar-o n6"sad-o ' ast-o a t
n p H M e tI a H H H':
1 ..mHetlHblH corJlacHbiA tlHCJlHTeJlbHOrO yak (KoTopoe HH-
Kor,na fie npOH3HOCHTCH ya/ya, KaK B 3ana,nHblX ,nHaJleKTax) npe-
06pa3ye'rcH B HeKOTopblX cJlytlaHx B COOToeTCTBHH C npHpo,noA
HaqaJlbHOA <poHeMbi CYlUeCTBHTeJlbHOrO, KOTopoe 3a HHM CJle,nyeT
(CM. 9 58).
2 - du, coxpaHSlIomee 9TY cpOPMY TOJlbKO B H30JlHpOBaH-
HOM COCTOHHHH, nepe,n HMeHeM acer,na nepexo,nHT B do: do nafar
C ABa tleJlOBeKa'. CoeAHHHTeJlbHOe w e,nBa npOH3HOCHTCH nepe,n
r JlaCHbIM': do-w-adam ",nBa tleJlOBeKa". To )Ke H B cJlytlae: n6-\\'-
adam C AeBHTb tleJlOBeK'.
3 H 9 - cp.j28.
5 (CM. 9 21), 7, 8, 20 (CM. j 56) - KOHetlHbie COrJlaCHble
npOH3HOCHTCSI nepeA r JlaCHblMH.
10, 11, 12....: KOHetiHOe a MO)KeT nepeATH B a (4)>H. j 28),
oc06eHHO KorAa tlHCJlHTeJlbHOe npe,nwecTByeT HMeHH HJlH no-
.
pSl,nKOBOMY CY4>4>HKCY -om.
17 - avda HHor,na npOH.3HOCHTCH abda (eM. 37).
OTMeTHM cpOpMbI BY Jib rap Horo Ka6YJlH C yakam C 6e3 o,n-
Horo' (yak-kam)': yakam'si - 29, yakam ' 8"st - 59.
yak-j6ra 'napa'. toman 03HatiaeT B Ka6y Jle 20 ,neHe)KHblX
eAHHH ': oYJlbr. Sr-toman 'BoceMb,necHT', dW8za tom an - 240.
CJlOBO darj an C AIO)KHHa' anr JlO-HHAHAcKoro npOHCXO)K,neHHH'; kori-
CJlY)KHT AJiSI 0603HatleHH.H ,nBa,n aTH UITYK CTBOJlOB ,nepeBbeB, 6a-
JlOK H T.A.
lak, KaK H B JttHAHH, paBeH 100000, a kor8r - 10000000.
l"oBopHT C paBHblM ycneXOM': sada 'COTHU', azSra 'TbICHtlJ1' H
laka 'COTHH TbICHtI', kororS C l\eCHTKH MHJlJlHOHOB'.
8 .H3blKe Ka6YJl qaCTH a eta, ynoTpe6J1HeMaH npH nepe-
4HCJleHHJ1, peAKo npHcoeAHHHeTcSI K tlHCJlHTeJlbHOMY yak. QHa
npncoe}J;HHHeTCH K }J;pyrHM tlHCJlUTeJlbHbIM': do-ta Adam, se-ta
7-63
97
asp. npHMe aTeJlbRa q.OpM8 pain!-ti (CM. j 58). 'Afti- xe t
'ceMepK8 6y6ea', bis-ta-ye' &xer C nOCJl8,QRHe AB8A Th' (CM.
51). dana ynoTpe6JuleTCB Be TOJlbKO npJl CqeTe "3epea".:
do-d8na:do-dina berenj 'ABa 3e'pH8 pHca'; rOBopBT TaK)I(e
pain-dana .s b 'nJlTb B6J10K' H Aax<e &r-dana motar 'qeTHpe
aBTOM06HJlJI'. . (
121. OP .QKoBHe tlHCJlHTeJIbRhle
Cy ct>JfI(C "-om:
I-A - aw(w) al
2-A - dowwom
3-A - .se.yom/sewom
4-A - i5Arom
5-A - painjom
6-A - ' a' m
7 -A ;... aftorn
8-A - a tom
9-A - n wom
IO-A - d8-0m
II-A - yazdl-om
20-A - bistom
2]-11 - bisto-yako
3D-A - 'si(w)om
50-I - penji(w) om
273-11: - eJo'ssad-o aftAd-o
A
sew-om
o CYCPCPHKcax nopBAKoBbIX qHCJlHTeJlbRhlX -omga, -omenga
CM. j 156, »1t 21, 22.
yakom H naxo'st B pa3FoBopHOM B3b1Ke Ka6YJlH OTCYTCTBYIOT.
&r-om nafar 'tieTBepThiA tleJlOBeK' B 60Jlbwel CTeneHH
3McltaTHqHO, qeM nafar-e ftr-om. To )Ke K8CaeTCJI H awwal r6z
B cpsBHeBHH C r8z-e awwal, H bist-o-aft-om ' aw-e rarnazM no
cp8BHeHHIO C -Iaw-e bist-o-aft m-e ramazBn 'HOtib 27-ro AHB Me-
cJI a p8Ma38a'. rOBOpST': da axe e nB-worn mi o, tok tawallod
m a 'B KOH e AeBHToro MeCB a p0)l(AaeTCB pe6eHoK'
OTMeTHM OTCYTcTBHe cy 4JHKca -om B: ' aw(-e) ' aJ - me-
CT8. ROqb, OTM tlaeMaJi nocJle p0)l(AeRRJI pe6eHKa, .roz-e el -
40-1 AeRb, ROCJleAHHA AeBb Tpaypa, manzel-e s 'TpeTHI 3T8XC'
H T.n-. (CM. f 184).
j 12-2. PacnpeAeJlHTeJlbBhle qllCJlHTeJIbBhle
yag-yag nafar 'no OAHOMY qeJlOBeKY', do-do nafar = du-ba-
du 'no wwe' = dotSyi dotiyi. rOBOpBT: lie painj.'painj megera
98
I Tenepb os 6epeT no D.H'rb'; toxm-a «!ftr i xarid 'OR KynKJI HA a
no 'IeTblpe a41mmt'.
j 123. MaOJK6CTBeBBhle QHCJlHTeJlb.8ble
do-tft-yi · B ABOABOM pa3Mepe't yag&na 'eAHBcTBesHhlA',
dogaoa = doganagi 'ABOAHOA', do-qita = dollS 'Ay6J1b;, , ABOA-
HoA' (6YKB. 'cJlo>KesBblA BABoe'), s@.gSoa, 'se.qata, .S@-la, .se
barftbar-e.i (HJlH az i) 'BTpoe OJlbme' = 'se ande i = 's@ .qada e
i ='s@ qaidar-e.i = 's@-aueqqa- (qBydar B03RHKJlO 83 CMeW JDI.H
,.. . ".
qadar H qayda - JlT. qac.eda, 03BaQ8JOlUero 'paBRblA').
j 123-a. nepeQJlCJleSHe CO pT OB
8l'-raqam 'qeTbipe copTa' = &r-qe8(e) m ir-;rang. PeJKe
MO)KRO YCJlHmaTb.; 8r-jeo's, Ar-bAb: Ar-iens teka d&r&l 'Y
Hac eCTb TKaRK qeTbipex COpTOB'.
g 124. MTepaTHB
do-dafa · ABa p83a' (JIT. daft,a), do-karat=do fA (J1T. rib/
, A
rah),do-bir. Pe,LtKO MOJKHO YCJIhlmaTb': do-martaba. dafe oowom
'BTOpoA pa3;= karat-e wom:blr-e doWOIIL rOBOpJlT T8J()I(e:
dSwom dara. = d 1\'OUl' karat= d8wom bar =do wom .
.f 125. po&b
oim 'DOtiOBIISa' . nesp (JiT. oesf, CM. j 36); HO "riOJlTOpa"
BWpa&aeTCJI TOJlbKO': yak-o-nim; "TpX C BO OBHBOI" - se.w-nim,
")1eBHTb C no oB.BOIi" - n8-w-mm. OTMeTIIM cpOPMY: do-Dim' ABa
c DO OB.aoi'4
ss.yak ' TpeTb', r-yak 'qeTBepTb' (qaCTO COKpalQaeMOe
B al'-ak), dt-yak ' o.nRa BOCbMaJI'. PeICe rOBopHT: az-se _ yak -
1 /3, az- yak - 1./4. etrak eCTb qe-rsepTb cepa (' @r), KOTOpblA
B Ka6YJle p8BeB npHOJlIl3HTeJlbRO ceMlI Kr; fArak-e metr-25 CM.
az dS-nafar a =az d Ut nafar =az d:-oafar a;(t)-oafar
, BoceMb ' ,Qec.,.bI x JlIOAeli'. CA080 nafar YO_aT DO Bcex cJlyqaJ[X
npHcoeAHUTb npRTSlJtaTe bBblI CY4»4tI[KC -ei/-e!An.
7-2 63
99
paw 'qeTBepTb' (HH.Q.) ynoTpe6J1BeTC.H HCKJllOqHTeJlbHO .QJI.H
0603HaqeHH.H qeTBepTH qapaKa ( arak - Mepa BeCa).
126. 0603HaqeHHe BpeMeHH
3Aecb npJ180A.HTC.H HeKoTOpble CJlOBa H BbJpa»eHH.H, yno-
Tpe6J1BeMble AJI.H 0603HaqeHH.H BpeMeoH. \
'lac': CJlOBO baja (HHA.), ynoTpe6J1.HeMOe HCKJllOtlHTeJlbJlO
B pa3roBopooM .H3b1Ke, CJle.QyeT 3a qHCJlHTeJlbOblM, YKa3bIBaJO-
IQHM BpeM.H': ftr baj a · B qeTblpe tlaca'. Ho Bce 'lame rOBOp.HT:
sAt-e- ar (JiT. .s at-e ahSr). J1Ho Aa ynoTpe6J1.HIOTC.H 06a CJlO-
Ba (OAHO nepeA tlUCJlHTeJlbHblM, YKa3b1BalOtnHM BpeM.H, APyroe -
nocJle Hero: sat-e an baja? · CKOJlbKO BpeMeHH?'; car baje'sOb
'qeTblpe qaca yrpa'; da baje s6b '.QeC.HTb tlaCOB YTpa'; dW8zda
baj-@ cA t(= rbz)' nOJlAeHb'; yak baje pi in ' ]3 qaCOB' (nocJle no-
JlYAH.H)'; ar baje digar ']6 tlaCOB' (digar - KOHe CBeTJloA tlaCTH
CYTOK)'; af baj@ am ' ]9 tlaCOB' (" am - nocJle 3aXOAa COJl ;
da baj-e x8ftan '22 qaca ' (x8ftan - BpeM.H JlO)KHTbC.H cnaTb)';
dW8zda baj-e ' aw 'nOJlHOqb'.
daqa cOKpatneHHa.H 4>opMa (CM. .9 64) CJlOBa daqiqa 'MH-
HYTa": 8' t baja-w bis daqa 'BoceMb qaCOB 20 MHHYT' - sat-e
a t-o bis daqa= a t-o bist. QT06bl CKa3aTb "OH npHAeT B ]] tla-
COB 25 MHOYT", 06blqHO rOBOp.HT: bist-o painj daqa goza ta az
yazda myaya; a tlT06bl CKa3aTb "OH npHAeT 6e3 25 MHHYT ]]" -
az ygzda (baja) manda bist.o pai j da,qa myaya=bis -o-painj-kam
A d
yaz a royaya.
Y)Ke nOtiTH HeynoTpe6HTeJlbHO HHAHAcKoe 3aHMCTBOBaHHe
paw B 3HaqeHHH 'qeTBepTb qaca": paw-bila's@' TPH tlaca C qeT-
BepTblO', paw-kam s@ '6e3 qeTBepTH TpH'. Apa6cKoe ro 'qeT-
BepTb (qaca)' B Ka6YJle HeynoTpe6H'TeJlbHo. rOBOpSiT': panzda
daqa ']5 MHHYT'.
OTMeTHM KCTaTH, qTO baja HH orAa He 03HatiaeT tlac = 60
tMnYT8M. do-baja 03HatiaeT · .QBa tlaca (HanpHMep, YTpa)', HO He
f ..1B8 lIaea, paBHble ] 20 tt'IHHYTaM' J KOTopble nepeBOABTC.H d sat
(yak sat = C O "H 10MeHT' HJ1J1 'OAI1H 'lac').
100
dwSzd-e jawza = dwSzdS-wom-e jawza · 12-e QHC-
JlO TpeTberO eC.H a. rO,Qa'; a's-(om) e.sawr-e az6r-o
s sad-o si-w car '6/II. 1334'. B ,TO BpeMB KaK JlY'HHbIA
K8J1eH,Qapb XH,Q>Kpbl COXpaH.HeT CBOIO 3HatlHMOCTb npH npa3,QHO-
888HH peJlHrH03HblX npa3,QHHKOB, npaBHTeJlbCTBO AcpraHHCTaHa,
K8K H "paHa, HCnOJlb3yeT B 06HXO,Qe COJIHetlHblA KaJlelij(apb XH,Q-
)Kpbl. Ha3BIlHH.H M'ecB eB ( = ,QBeHa,Q aTb 3HaKOB 30,QHaKa) OCTa-
JlHCb 0 AcpraHHCTaHe apa6CKHMH: ( )amal, .sawr, jawzS, 'saratan,
asad, .sombola, mizan, <t)aqrab, qaws, jadi (jady), alw; (h)ut.
Mec.H b1 xpHCTHaHCKoro rO,Qa npOH3HOC.HTC.H no-aHrJluAcKH:
janwari, farwari, maoc, april, m@, jun, julAy, igest, septambar,
oktobar, nawambar, de'sambar (cp. 156, 1f 1).
HEH3MEHHEMhlE fbOPMbI
npeAJlOrH
127
da 'B' (JiT. dar, CM. 51)': da xana 'B,QoMe', da mabain-e
'OHYTPH (tlero-Jl.)'.
KOHetlHblA r He BOCCTaHaBJlHBaeTC.H nepe,Q rJlaCHblMH': da
aft a = daft a 'B He,QeJlIO', da asm&t=dman 'B He6e', da-w-unja
'TaM', da-y-inja · 3,QeCb'. C 3HKJtHTHtieCKHMH npHT.H>KaTeJlbHbI-
,
MH Me.CTOHMeHHBMH: day · B HeM' (da + e ), dayt, dayma...
(CM. 25).
ba 'B', · K":- ba cSr bis daqa manda · 6e3 ,QBa,Q aTH tle-
Tblpe'. ba B K6. He OtleHb ynoTpe6HTeJleH. OH, o,nHaKO, coxpa-
H.HeTC.H B BeCbMa Y,noTpe6HTeJlbHhlX Bblpa>KeHHBX (CM. 165),
TaKHX, KaK': ruy ba xak aftadan · na,QaTb HHtlKOM', omed ba- da
kadan 'ynoBaTb H8 60ra', ba xair asti C y Te6.H Bee B nopB,nKe?'.
80 p83ax Tuna': bazir.- me-rom C.H H,QY Ha PbIHOK' (= me-rom
bazar); xyal-em myaya ke · Mae Ka>KeTCB, 'ITO...', - npe,QJlor
(KOTOpblH B JlT. 6bIJI 6bI ba) onYCKaeTCB, HO nO,Qpa3YMeBaeTCB.
060pOTbI JlT. ba-.soye, ba-taraf-e, ba-qesm-e, ba-yair-e...
R K6. nepe,Q8101'CB KaK: son-e, taraf-e, qesm-e, yair-e ...
7-3 63
10]
BMeCTP: ba-ma goft 'OH MHe .cKa3aJl', ba-tu goft... B Ka-
6y Jle rOpa3,Q0 qaIQe MOX<HO ycJlblmaTb mara goft, to-ra goft ...
nO,Q06HO TOMY, qa's'sab-a dad' 08 AaJl MJlC8HKY', pe)l(e - ba
qassab dAd (CM. .f 180).
ba ynoTpe6J1J1eTCB B aABep6HaJlbHblX 060pOTax THna': ba-zuti
'BCKope' (JIT. ba-zudi ), ba-xubi 'xopomo' H B npeAJlO)l(HblX 060-
pOTax THn&': ta-ba 'BnJlOTb AO'. .
, az H3', 'OT": az ir bis daqa mSnda '6e3 ABaA aTH \'Ie-
Tblpe', az Ar bis daqa goza. ta ' BaAQaTb MHHYT nBToro'; az
koji'sti 'oTKYAa TbI?'.
tltoaeTHqeCKMe H3MeHeHHB (CM. j 58}: aJ ' awq 'OT )l(eJla-
HH.H', as 'sar-em 'c MoeA rOJlOBbI', ,a'zamin 'c MJlH'.
B npeAJlO>KHblX 060poTax C cYIneC i rliM'f.eJibHb1MH if UpHJlara-
TeJlbHblMH B pa3J1HqHblX 3HaqeHHJI : bad-az (JIT. bstd-az) 'nocJle',
pe az 'nepeA', az po. t-e 'H3-3a', 'C3aAH', az p@'A-e 'nepeA',
'cnepeAH', az'sar 'CHaqaJIa', 'sar as 'OaqHHaa c...', az.i pe'
'AO CHX nop', az-i pa's 'OTHblHe', az-bod (az-boda +e) ' 3-3a',
'no npH'IHHe', as xater-e 'H3 3a', 'AJIJI'. ''''_
YnoTpe6J1eOHe az .HBJI.HeTC.H nJleOHaCTHqeCKHM B: yair-e az
U 'KpOMe Hero', bar-e az u · .nJlSl Hero'. nOA06HO 9TOMY, B He-
KOTOpblX cJlyqa.HX az YI!0Tpe6J1.HeTC.H AJI.H nepeAa'lH OTHomeHHSI
npHoa,nJle>KHOCTH (CM. 103).
tt 'AO": tS-'sabft 'AO 3aBTpa'; tft waxt-@ ke' ,no Tex nop,
nOKa....; tG jay(e) ke ',no Toro MecTa, rAe...'; t8 ke "c TeM,
tlT06bl' . '
bar-e ',nJl.H', KaK npeACTaBJI.HeTC.H, eCTb COKpaIneHHa.H op-
Ma JlT. ba-rft-ye. 3Ta nOCJleAH.H.H opMa COXpaH.HeTC.H B: barfty(e)
xodA 'paAH 60ra! OTMeTHM': az bar!y(e) xoda '/ cTaHoBHTecb,/
BO HM.H 60ra'.
}J;pyrHe npeAJlO)l(HbIe 060pO.TbI C H3a eToM': p e 'nepeA',
'cnepeAH', po'At-e 'c3aAH', sar-e 'Ha' (BMecTo bar, roy-e),
zer-e 'noA', daron-e 'BHY'l'PH', beron-e 'cHapY)l(H', nezdik-e =
lab-e · B03J1e', palu-y(e) (JIT. pahlu-ye) =bayal-e 'OKOJlO', mydn@
(JiT. D1eyana: + e) 'BHYTPH', myAn-ak-AI-e= ma-bain-e (ap.)., amrS-
y(e) (JIT. bam-rlb-e) ) 'c', ro-b(a)-ruy-(e) 'nepeA', 'BnepeAH',
102
po. t-e-sar-e I C3aAH', 'n03aAH', peJ.e-rny-e I nepeA', son-e I,K'
(JIT. "s8-y-e).
taraf-a-y(e) ' Sm I K Beqepy', dam-dam-e sob 'paHRHM YT-
pOM ' . ..
HeKoTophie npeAJIOrH nOqTH He BCTpeqaIOTC.H B JIT..: fatara
I C' (TOqRee, 3TO nOCJIeJIor}: (az) kai fatara 'c KaKHX nop',. (az)
par@r6z fatar 'c n03aBqepamHero ARS'; (az) qadim fatara 'c
,naBRHX nop'; s8(b) fatara 'c YTpa'; az xln$ fatara cOT AOMa'.
TaKHM oopa30M, HaJIH O az, 3a KOTOphiM cJleAyeT HMJI Me-
CTa HJIH BpeMeRH H AaJlee fatara; az MO)KeT OhlTb onYuteao. Pe)((e
MOJK80 YCJIHImaTb fatar. npOHCXO)((AeRHe fatar TOqHO Re H3BeCT-
H0 1 .
. C H3a4»eT"OM HMeeTCJI': baxl-e 'AJIJI' (6YKB. 8a AOJIIO) (JIT.
· baxJ.e, CM. f 57): bax -et 'AJIJI Te6.H', bax yaribA 'AJI.H oeA-
Rhi X' .
npeACTaBJI.HeTCS, qTO B J1HTepaTypHoM S3h1Ke ReT cl»oaeTH-
qeCKOrO 3KBHBaJleRTa npeAJlora kati/kat-e/ qat-e I c', nepeAalO-
utero 3RaqeRHe npeAJlora bS (3TOT nocJleARHA, ynoTpeoJlJlJlcb B
JIT., BCTpeqaeTCJI J1HWb B HapoARoA n033HH KaoYJla)': kat-e tu=
kat-et I C T060A', 'kat-e aqu I 80)((OM'; MO)((RO TaK)((e CKa3aTb':
kati tu, katit, kati &qu, rAe npeAJIOr BhlcTynaerr B <l>opMe kati/qati
oe3 H3a4»eTa. npHJIaraTeJIbHOe gat I COBMeCTRhlA' B KO. (cp.
nYWTY -gac:l-), KaK npeACTaBJI.HeTCJI, 3THMOJlOrHQeCKH CBJl3aHO C
kat (CM. f 43).
128. necJleJlor -a/-ra
B KaOYJIH nocJleJlor -a/-ra HcnoJlb3yeTcJI nOMHMO o4»opMJIe-
BH.H OObeKTHoro naAe)((a (CM. 102) TaK>Ke H B APyrHx 4»Y8KQHBX.
i ketAb-a Qa'sem-a.m@-bax om 's AaplO -ny KHHry (npJlMOe
AOnOJlReBHe) KaceMY (KocBeR80e AonoJl8eRHe)'j mara ba's 'xBa-
THT C MeRs'; u-ra XD e na-niyS-ya 'eMY He RpaBHTCSI'; to-ra
parw& na-d&r-a 'TeO.H Re KaCaeTC.H'; to-ra rasid ya nt!? I AOWJIO
AO TaOS HJl H ReT?'; Ay8-ra az'r .salam 'ThlC.Hqa npHBeTOB rocno-
1 MO)((HO, OAH8KO, npe.QIIOJlO)KHTb ApeBHHA '3KBHB8JIeRT baat-tar - J1T.
b8t tar (cp. t 30, 35-36, 58); 8blRe B K6. bGt-:tar 03H8QaeT I n03Aaee'.
7-4 63
103
.QHHY' (HpOHHq. If BYJIbr.)'; i-ra and qimat kada? 'K8KYIO QeHY
OR Ha3HaqHJI 3a 3TO?'; u-ra -kAla-yA ira ' d 'y Hero nOpBaJl8Cb
o.Qe)l(.na'; tAnwar--a byadar-eJ Amad-o 'A'slam-a ba @A 40pHmJIH
6paT AlIBapa H ChiD ACJIaMa'; az ma-ra rafiq 8"8 'OH MoA npHS-
TeJlb'; p in-a my ya 's8b-a namyaya 'OH npHXO)J;HT nOCJIe no-
JI ' .na.B, HO He YTPOM'; to-r(a) ba X1dG (qasam m -tom) KJI.H-
ayCb Te6e 60rOM'; yag adam-a m gan ke '06 O.QHOM tleJlOBe-
Ke rOBOp.BT, qTO...'; raftan-a ra£ 'yATH-TO OR ymeJI'; paisa-d r-
a paisa-dAr a's 'eCJIH rOBopHTb 0 TOM, ooraTbiR JIH OH, TO OR
6oraThlA'; roz-a-roz 'neJIbiA .QeRb'; ' aW-8-" aw ' eJIYIO ROqb';
ml-ra-m'S 'neJIhI'R MeC.Bn'; s&l-a-'8il C neJIhlA ro.Q'.
rOBOp.BT': tez-a tez=zut-a zut C KaK MO)l(RO CKopee', , 8
OARO MrHOBeRHe' (CM. 181). rOza-roz 031i8q eT TaKJ<e C B TOT
)1(9 .QeHb', 'sit-a-sat ' B O.QHH MHr'.
Hape'lHB .
CJIe.QyeT OTMeTHTb a8KOTophle oco6eRROCTH ceMaHTHKH, a
I
TaK}Ke 4:,oHeTHtleCKHe H3MeReRH.B. By eT nOJIe3HO OepeqHCJIH
HaJl60JIee Ba)f(Bhle RapeqH.B Ka6YJIH, XOT.B 3TO 60JIee OTHOCHTC.H
K BonpocaM CJIOBapHOro COCTaBa.
129
HapetlHe nOMelQaeTC.B nepeA CJIOBOM, KOTopoe ORO nosc-
. : zud byar ' npHHeCH 6bICTPO', bftz besy r zyat gann as
f OD.HTb 01le8b rop.BqHA'.
Ho 3.QeCb' HeT (CM. 169) TBepAoro npaBHJIa (oc06eHBo
Ker.Q8 RapeQHe OTHOCHTCJI K I'JIaroJlY), rOBOpJlInHA MO)J(eT CKa-
38Th-: byar zut, JlH60 C eJIblO BhI):{eJIHTb OAHO H3 3TJlX CJIOB, JIH-
60 no He6pe)l(BOCTH, JIHQO eCJlH OR npOH3ROCHT CHaqaJIa CJIOBO,
KOTopoe paHbme npHmJIO eMY B rOJI'OBY (CM. 185).
130. HapeqH.H 06pa3a .QeAcTBH.B
xub/x8b 'xopon:o';bad=xarab 'OJlOXO', tez=zut (JIT. zud,
CM. 48)= raw= desti C 6bICTPO'; a-stA · MetJ;JIeHHO' H T.tJ;. ,
xub-tar/x8b-tar=, betar' JIY'Iwe' J battar= xar btar t xY)Ke', tez-tar =
1\.14
zut-tar = raw-tar = desti-tar '6b1CTpee' H..Q., bexi/ ixi 'COBceM',
'cosepmeHBo', yag-rS (JiT. yak-rab) liD yag-dafa (JiT. yak-dafta)
'cpa3Y', ettor 'TaK', ametto 'T8Kxte' (CM. 115) ot8 'KaK',
bar-naq '3P.H', ' 8anpac o' (JiT. bar-na-\1aq) ba-qast · aapOqBO'
(JiT. ba-qa d), na-yalat-i ' no omH6Ke', .sar-e xo i== 'sar-ba-
xod-(g) i 'CaMOBOJlbHO', rafta rafta · nocTeneHHo'.
HMeeTC2: bexi-ba-qa-st '(coBceM) H,apoqHO',. bexi na-)'alati
, (coBceM) no olliM6Ke', besyar elayi 'coBceM HanpacBo' (ela
, HanpacHhlA', , nOKHHYTblA', cp. JlT. hel-/heKt ' nOKM,ltaTb'),
i-xisa.y-ke, xod dega 'pa3YMeeTC.H', zada-w kanda 'c TPYAOM';
xod6 nA-kada mOrela bt a = xoda-nA-xlsta m8rda bA" a 'ae AaA
60r, YMep', del-e na-del 'HeXOT.H'.
tleKoTopble Cyq>q>HKCbI (TaKHe KaK -i) npHcoeAHIUlIOTcH K
,CYlI\eCTBHTeJlbHblM H 06pa3YIOT HapeqH.H 06pa3a AeA TBH.H': -agi
KaK B nimagi , nOnOJIaM', -ana B ardana 'MY)J(ecTBeHHo' (CM.
156, »If 8, 20), Cy cpHKC -8'S ( 137 f 139)'; me'sl-e ' K8K',
, 00A06HO' (JiT. me l-e) qaCTO 3aMeBJIeTC.H Ha Cy4JCPHKC -war-e
( 156, 1#! 44). OTMeTHM ciz e-war-e ' HeMHO)l(KO' H T.A.
BOJlee xapaKTepHo npHcoeAHHeHHe e/e eAMHHqHOCTH K aa-
peqHIO MJlH npHJlaraTeJlbHoMY, 03HaqalOmeMY "JlOBKOe ABH>KeRMe",
38 KOTOpbIM cJleAyeT npHqaCTHe npomeAmero BpeMeHM, r JlaroJia
kada 'AeJlaTb": Abok-e-kada 'npOBopHO', A'stG-y-kada ' nOTH-
XOHbKY', taraq-e kada 'lI\eJlK', , 6aQ'; la-Am-e kada 'nOTMXOHbKY'
(9fI37, 139, cM.BI89, 190, 1f 17).
131. HapeYH.H BpeMeHH
M 'ceAqac', 'Tenepb' (JIT. il- , CM. j 27), ga-=wax(t)
'Y}I(e', d@i- ' .QoJlro', 'n03AHo', zut (.IT. zud) =wax(t)" ' paBo',
biz' onXTb', gay (JiT. g h..e) 'HHor.na', gSy=argez ' BHKor,na',
ame. a 'BcerAa', be"syar 'qaCTO', pe 'paRbwe', f npe)l(Ae',
pas/pasAn ' noTOM', jalt/jald=desti=£a Ti 'HeMeAJleHHO anoz
, elI\e', pes-tar 'paHbwe , pas-tar /pasan-tar 'n03)f(e', del'-tar
, n03.QHee', zutar 'paHbwe', do-bAra ' BBOBb', na-wax(t) C n03A-
HO', nS-wax-tar' n03AHee', em-roz 'CerOAH.H', em- aw 'CerOAH.H
BetlepOM', em-sal 'B 3TOM ro yJ, di-roz = dina-r6z 'BQepa',
10:;
pare-roz 'n03aBq pa', pel-par@..roz f TDeTberO ARB', di-' aw=
di&a-' aw pa - aw, p@ -pare." aw 'Bqepa BeqepOM',- 'saba '3a-
BT'pa' (H3 JlT. ' abAh}, dega saba"pa's saba f nOCJle3aBTpa', pas,-
tar-"saba 'nocJle nOCJle3aBTpa', 'sab6- aw '3aBTpa BeqepOM ,I,
dega-sabA- aw · nOCJle3aBTpa BeqepOM', par sal · B npOWJlOM ro-
AY' pemr-'sal · B n03anpOWJlOM roAY', peJ-perAr-sal 'TpH rOAa
Ra3aA', pe ";'tar-pertAr-s'8I, Rl'-s1tl-peS" I tleTblpe rOAa Ha3aA',
panj-i8I-pe i nBTb JleT Ha3aA', s11-e-dega/dega-s11 = ba-Bal
'B' 6YAymeM roAY', do-sSI-pas 'qepe3 ABa rOAa'.
Cycpct>HKCbI, npHcoeAHHseMbie K CYIneCTBHTeJlbHblM AJiB
06pa30BaHH HapeqHA BpeMeHW: ' aw-aki, -Jaw-&na, afta-war, afta-
gi (CM. 156). ·
.L1pyrHe cnoco6b1 o6pa30BaHHB HapetlHA: gay-giy 'HHorAa',
'Aaw-B f J eJlblMH HOqaM ', r6z-S · neJlblMH AHBMH', yak-rang
· AOJlro', garamb-as - 3BYKonOApa>KaHHe (CM. j 137), bSd-az-i
'oTHblHe' (JiT. b8f.d-az-in), p -az-i 'AO CHX nop', besyar(i)-
wax(t) 'HHorAa', JlT. b8l,z-&.waqt(-ha), «!-wax(t) 'HHKorAa',
da-u-wax( t) 'B TO BpeMB', az-u-wax(t) -ta-'le · C Tex nop' (JiT.
az n waqt tft Sl&) ain-amu-v.'ax(t) I KaK pa3 B TOT MOMeHT',
yagan-dafa==yagan-r 'HHorAa', ba 'sal-a-y sm na-didom-e 's
ero He BHAeJi M Horo JleT'.
.
_ 132. HapetlHB MeCTa
darn 'BHYTPH', birn · cHapY)KH', 'sar · cBepxy', zer · CHH-
3Y', ija '3Aecb', uja 'TaM' (CM.j 115), dega-jSY"B APyroM
MecTe', <! jAy f HHrAe', <!&r-taraf= . Ar-do-bAr f BOKpyr', ar taraf
'Be3Lte' .
9 133. HapetlHS KOJlHtleCTBa
besySr 'MHoro', kam 'MaJlO', zySt 'MHoro', fer@m n 'B
.
60JlbWOM KOJlHQeCTBe' (JiT. ferfiwan) .besyar-tar, kam-tar, zyatar...
bexi/bixi 'OtleHb', 'coBceM', eqqa 'CTOJlbKO' (CM. j 115),
eqqa I CKOJlbKO', l!iz-@'kam 'nOqTH', az-at-zyat 'CJlHWKOM' (JiT.
az-tlad-zeySd) .
106
134. Hape\lMB YTBep)K.neHMB M oTpM aHMB
C .n a ' B Ka6YJlM MO)KBO YCJlblWaTb pe.nKOj oao 3aMeaBeTCB
,.
Ha An (MJlM npOCTO a C Ha3aJlM3a MeA: i), aanOMHHalOIQee MIlAMI-
CKoe haJJ; bale Be)KJlHBOe '.na' apaooKoro npoJ(cxo)K.ne Jtj "aeT"
nepe.naeTCB CJlOBOM n@ (ria - npeq»MKC OTpM aaMB), Be)KJlMBoe
"HeT" - na-xai{r) nOBBMJlOCb B Ka6YJlM ae.naBHO'j xubjxob/x8/xo
'XOPOWo": x6-bya-'dega f ay, TaK no.noA.nM )J(e' (CM. fJ 196, 1 7),
<!otO-n KOHe\lHO', malom-d&r f pa3YMeeTcB' (M3 m81Jum+ dar) .
J1aToHa HB HrpaeT Ba)KHYIO pOJIb B: albatta 'KOae\lHO', xC f npaB-
.na?' .
06palI\aBCb K BbIWeCTOBIQeMY, CJle.nyeT npH6aBJlBTb K 9TMM
CJlOBaM Be)KJlMBoe .s yb (CM. 157) 'rocno.nMH'. npM q»aMMJlbBp-
aOM 06paIQeHMH rOBopBT ne-bAbS! ., tlTO TbI!'.
COlO3bl
135
safed-o sia '6eJlbJ It H \lepHblH', myayom-o me-rom 'npH-
XO>KY H YXO>KY', m yayan-o myayan C OHM Bce npHXOJJ.BT H npHXO-
ART' .
<{)OHeTHQeCKMe H3MeHeHHB (CM. l 25)': maw-tu 'Mbl C TO-
60H'; maw-. ma 'Mbl Bce'; tuw-ma 'Tbl M B'; .siw-yak - 31 H
T,A,
8 HaQaJle npeAJlO)KeHHB': W o i pa a do ba <!a d&. t 'H Y 9Toro
KOpOJlB 6blJJO ABa ChiHa'; waz-tu 'H OT Te6B'; 0 ma xo' ns-bod-
m 'H bl He 6blJlH AOBOJlbHbl' (CM, 9 195).
COlO3 0 MO)KeT nOBTopBTbCB HeCKOJlbKO pa3 B O.nHOM H TOM
)Ke npeAJlOJCeaHM, KaK B KJlaCCHtieCKOM B3blKe,
o nOJJ.pa3YMeBaeTCB, KorAa rOBOpBIQMA Bblpa)KaeT ero CMblCJI
HHTOHa MeA (tlTo6b1 'Bbl.neJlHTb 9Mq»a3Y)': nan ay bas 'xJle6a, qalO
H Bce'.
no.n06ao 9TOMY, 0 onycKaeTcB Me)KAY .nBYMB CJlOBaMH, 00-
pa3YIOIQHMH napy (cp. 160-164)': deg-kSsa ',l\OMamBee x03J1A-
C1;'BO' (d g-o-kisa, 6YKB, 'KaCTpIOJiB H MMcKa'), aw-dana 'Cy.nb-
107
6a' (JiT. 'b-a.-dAna, 6YKB. 'BO.Q8 H 3epBO', T.e. TO, '1TO CYAb68
nOCblJl8eT qeJlOBeKY B nHJnY). 3TO 3H8qeHHe He HBJlHeTCH 06P83-
RhlM B BYJlbr. K6. a oq-m'lOq 'A oe BJlI06J1eHBhlX' (JlT.e q-o-
mst,!uq), 'Laill-Majnun, Esof-Zel xS, lAman-Batman (oa3BaoHe
ABYX nOCJlenOB8TeJlbHblX nepHOAOB B cepenHHe 3HMbl).
.,lJ.PyrHe npOCTble COI03b1: yi 'MJlH', aga I eCJlH',
. ,
am/Am · T8J(J(e'. C JI)KeBBhle OpMbI, T8KHe K8K -oyaj-wyi
(JiT. 0 + ya) · HJlH )Ke', waga '8 eCJlH' (JiT. 0 + agar); magam,
KOTOphlA, XOTH H Ofip830B8B H3 maga (r) + (It) am (eM. 22)
ynoTpe6J1J1eTCH B 3HaqeHHH maga(r) · HO'; &m · n8>Ke' (CM.
f 211).
npHBeneM CDHCOK JlHqlllllX MecTolfMeHHA B COqeT8HHH C
ham(8m)':
mam f $I TO.e'
twSm 'Tbi TO)l(e'
wAm 'OB(088) TO)l(8'
mAm 'Mbi TO>Ke'
.gomAm · Bbi TO>Ke'
w'm=on m 'OHH TO>Ke'
IIpHMeQ8T8J1bHO TO>KAeCTBO clJOpM enMHCTBeHHoro H MHO-
>KeCTBeHHoro QHCJl8 B -r-M JlHQe.
ke · '1TO": byS ke bor-@m · naB8A noAneM'; ke tu raft-i u
&Dad · Korn8 Tbl yweJl, OH npHWeJl', ke bo-bar-a xub-as · XopOWO
6b1 noweJl nO>Knb' (CM. 1 8).
OTMeTHM': m@..bAra ke bara I AO>Knb HneT H HAeT'; borO-
ke bor8 · nopor8 A8J1eK8' (6YKB. 'HnH H HAH') (cp. 189).
npHMepbl 060pOTOB C COI030M k : ki ke' 0 eCJlH 6bl';
bal-ke/bal-kom (JiT. bal-ke-(h)am, CM. ! 21) · 0,QH8KO', tS-ke
'AO Tex nop, neKa'; eri-ke 'nOTOMY '1TO'; waxt-e-ke 'KorA8',
'agar- i(-ke) 'HecMoTpH H8 TO, 'ITO'; ar- an- (ke) C XOT.H' (AT.
har- and-ke); i xfts'-y-(-e) ke f oeo 6eHHO' (cp. JlT. xa ) Ii T.n.
(ep. 207).
OTHoweHHe npH'IHHHOCTH (cp. 9 213) Bbip8>K8eTC.H 060po-
TOM az-xSter-@.ke 'H3-3a Toro, '1TO'; MO>KHO T8K>Ke CK838Tb:
az-i-xater-ke = az.xater-e-i-ke; BO Beex THj( CJlYQ8j1X CJ10BO xater
108
MOJKHO 3aMeBHTb .QpyrHMH CJlOBaMH apaOCKOrO npoHCXOJK.QeBHJ1 :
sabab, darak, bAbit, iSt (JIT. jehat), bAys (JIT. bite!) HJlH nep-
CH.QCKHMH CJlOBa..,H rl-80zar (JIT. rah-gozar 'npoxoA'), boda
(KOTOphlA, KaK npe.QCTaBJlJleTCJI, COOTBeTcTByeT opMe JlT. buda
, cYIQeCTBOBaBHe' - OTrJlarOJlbHOO cYlQeCTBHTeJlbHoe): az bode
i-ke= az-i boda ke 'BBH.QY Toro, qTO ...'.
Me)l(AOMeTHJI
j 136
Me)KAOMeTHJI, 06pa30BaHHhle 113 npOCTblX BOCKJlHQaHHA:
wi-wI '6paBo!' (CM. jg37, 29) (Jl'r. bah-bah), wax 'YBbI!' (BbI-
pa)KaeT CKop6b), wi ' J<aJlb', wi (qall(e ynoTpe6J1J1eTCS B peqtl
&)I(eHIQHH) Bblpa)l(aeT YAHBJleHHei way - H3YMJleHHe; ala (.,'IT. hala)
, AaBail', 'HAeM'.
KaK Me)KAOMeTHJI C pa3J1HqHblMH CMblCJlOBblMH OTTeH aMH,
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HHTOHaQHH rOBOpJllI(ero, ynoTpe6J1.HIOTC.H CJlO-
Ba': bale - Be)KJlHBOe ' Aa', S ' Aa', n@ , HeT', x6/xo (CM. j i 196,
] 97).
HeKoTopble APyrHe Me)KAOMeTHS He3HatillTeJlbHO OTJlHqaIOT-
cs OT JlT.: aif (JlT, haif":" CM. ! 26), afs8s/afs8z ' YBbl', , )l(aJlb !'.
afarin '6paao!', 'sobAnallft (JiT. .sob an.JAllah) Bblpa)KaeT YAHB-
JleHHe; ma' alS (JIT. m&-. a-"Allah) H nAm-e-Xodr'tlTo6 He crJla-
3HTb' .
J1HorAa ynoTpe6J1SIOTC.H B pOJIH Me)l(AOMeTHit: op , THXO' ,
dard ' rope (Te6e)', balA ' 6eAa (Ha TBOIO rOJlOBY)'.
OTMeTHM CJlOBa. Bblpa)KalOIQHe nO)KeJlaHHe': xair ' 6J1arocJlo-
BeHHe', ba-xair; nepeA Haq8JlOM KaKOrO-JlH60 AeJla (cp. j ],90,
If 1)': yillA, besmella, ya- 'r-yAr (o6paIQeHHe CYHHHTOB K qeTbl-
peM APY3bSM-npopOKaM).
CJlO)KHble ct:OPMYJlbI C rJlarOJlaMH. ynoTpe6J1seMble KaK
MeJ<AOMeTHS. HeCYT JlH60 oCKop6HTeJlbHblA CMbICJI. KaK': gom-' a!
, K qepTY!' (6YKB. ' lfCqe3HH'), JlH60 xBaJle6HblA CMblCJI, KaK':
zenda-ba ' 6y Ab iKlfB!', namori ' He YMHpaA! J, xarAb-et na-ben-
om 'l\8 ne YBIDKY H TeO.H YJlH\lTO)l(eHHbIM'.
109.
........
MeXCnOMeT1IB BPH o6pmne'BHH': 6 ., sli!'; 6 ba a 'sA, MaJlb-
qJfK I'. HapOnHhIe o6palll eBJtJt; 1) hyidar, 6 padar sa 3anane ne-
pe,nalOTcB K8K c ro u onxu', 'q.u;aPb!', 6 xwtr(-ak)., 15 m8dar '111ft-
,neMYR3eJlb1', 'M8.n aM '; ala '0 6oxce!' (JiT. 81Mb) ynoT 6J1 eTCil
B sapo):tHoli DOS3HJf H B MOJlHTBax.
)
... .
ai ynoTpeDJUleTCSI JJH1Db npH 06paIneRHH K 6ory': ai Xoda! =
Xodaya (apXaH'IBoe}; "e/ey ynoTpe6HTeJ1bBO B o6Hxo,ne: e bSr-win
'31, C8.QOBHHKT'
3.QeCb YMeCTRO naTb BeKOTopble BOCKJlHI(aHHB, acnoJlb3ye-
Mble npH 06palIteHJlH K .QOMamHHM JOIBOTBhlM - BOCKJlHI(aRHJI, I
O'leHb 6J1H3KHe K 1J'eM, OTOpb1e ynOTpe6J1BIOTCB B I'OBOpax nymTY.
TIpH3blBHble BOCKJlHI(81DI1t: K KOmKe - pe pe , K co611Ke -
t8-t8, K nTHI(aM - b -hyS, K OCJlY .JIM 1Kepe6eBKY - kon-u-korm.
BOCKJlHD;aHHB c neJIblO nporBBTb IHBOTBoe (TIlDa PYCCK. "6phlCbY")':
K KomKe - pe t(e)" K"tro6aKe - &x(e)/ ey(€) UK exa/ eya,
K meHKY -' ko (e). Co6aJ<e l'OB0J"lT': o".keJ-ke (UK hegi )
'B3BTb!'. B .ne pA"Hjl X no.n Ka6YJlOM rOBopBT, nOBYKa.B OCJI8': en,
-dyan; 110RYKW1 JlOma.Qb - Qj, 6h1Ka - &Dha, "TeneHK8 - kOOley,
'CTa,l{o OBen - e hay, derr-rey = tefI\orey, 1<0'3 - eke. 'lTo61}
lIpOMla"h 11 , rOBOpST: ke!, ke . (
1JTo6b1 OGTa SOBKTb 00.18, f'OBOpBT: es/@-A-80 , JIOma.D;b -
ba's; tlT06b1 3aCTBBHTb Bep6D>l(8 .ietJb - en. BapaJlOB nO)!CTpe-
KalOT K .ltpaKe KpliKaMJt: daga-daga. CKOT CrOBJImT 1m Bo..Itonofi
npO)tOJl)KM'!"eJlbBblM CBHeTOM. MBOrIIe npyrae B03T' bI Be MorYT
6blTo " 3s:4II11 RhI " 6YKBaM. 8B.Ta.
38YKonOJq>a&3HJ1B
S 137
3BYKono.npa)KaHHB arp8lOT 60JIbmyl> PO& B pB3roBOpaoM'
H3b1Ke; MbI 3.,QeCb YBOMJIReM B8H60Jlee Ba>KBble H3 BHX C xapaK-
TepHbI t npHMepoM 3BYKa, KOTOpblH 0iBi HMJlTllpymT. 3BYKODO.q-
pa)Kanl1 KBHBaJleRTRbI TO Me)KAO 1eTHHt.1, TO CYlUeCTBJlTeJl.b8b1M.
Ofn1 t.l0f'YT TaK>Ke HrpaTb pOJlb HapeqHIi.
])0
npOOTKe 6BYKOUoAPazamm - JIM.IIT8I(HJ[ e.QIIBJlQBOrO 3SY-
Kit: jez' (3BYK. H3.QasaeMblA yrJleM. &a KOTbphrli iuOOBYU BO.nO I ).
jer (nJla'l pe6en8, 38YK pa3ph1BaeMOI TK8.IIJI), jey (TpeCK no.n;-
)KapeaeMOrO M.Kca.), f /fe.s (3BYJ{ JlomnomelcJI mHHhI), per
(myM 6b1CTpOI"O nOJleTH nT h1), gar '(mYM npOXO.l{BlI(ero 8BTOMO-
OJrJCI). day/tak (BhlCTpeJI M3 PY)Kbj( HJ1M mteTOJIeTa), . ar (3BYK
pa36phi3rHBaeMOA BOAhI MJIH ChlnJllOIQerOC5I neCKa}; 3BYKonO.Qpa-
JraIDU[, QKa&'1 I1Pl) lIlHecB sa ears nep&A8.lJT B anBYI 3BYX':
qars (TpecK JIOM8IOIQelcB na.lKH), arst '.pars, tars, gars H T.A.
Cyq,ctJHKC -ang/-eng: nepe.n;aeT .n;JIHTeJIbRhle mYMhi (380R):
jarang =j ereng(3BOR), tarang (601 tlaCOB), . arang (3B08 xpYCT8JIJI).
OTMeTHM T8KJCe: beng (*YJKIC8BJIe B8ceKOMoro),. yeng (3ByK. Jt3-
,QaBaeMhll CTPYHBblM HBCTPYMeBTOM).
ITpocTble .nsYCJIo)J(Bhle 3BYKonOApa)l(aBJIX': tarag (KOpoTKH.A
cyxoit 3BYK), jarag (TpeCK JloM8mlQelcj[ n8JIKJf), . arag (YAap
XJ1bICTa), 'Aarap (WJlenaBhe 6eJIbB no BO.n;e), garap (mYM maI'OB),
karap (TpecK .QpOB), garamb (I"pOXOT ua.n;aJ(n ero T1DICeJlOI"O npeA-
MeTa) M T..n.
KOI".na IIpOCTPA mYM RBJlJleTCB 60JIee CUbHHM . OTHOCH-
TeJlhHO 60JIee npOAOJDKJlTeJIhBblM, 3J1eMeB'I'bI ,-ara-, l. pp.am.Me-
CB BO Bcex ABYCJIOJeHhlx 3BYKono.np aBllBx nepexoABT B -ar+ If. ':
taniq, gaITib, arrAq. ECJlM 3BYK lIBJ1BeTCB 60Jlee "I"JIy60KHM"
H "YTp06Hb1M", 3TH 3J1eM8SThI...-ara- nepeXOA3T B -orn- (gommb,
qornmb': HanpHMep, no.n3eMHhle mYMhI). OTMeTHM.: qolumb=
qornmb.
.lJ,BoABhle 3BYKODOApa.aBU: KOI"Aa" 3BYK nOB'I'OpBeTCB,
npOCThie 3BYKonoAPazaBll3 YABaJfBaJOTC3'; OTM8'l'HM cpe-
AM IIpO'IHX-: baq-tiaq (KanaBHe BOAbl, rPOMKHI XOXOT), taq-taq
(CTYK B ABepb), tar-tar (mYM MeJlKOrO .It'O&A.) ba bar (TpeCK
aMeBB), gar-gar (DlYM MO'l'Opa), .Iu-. ar (mYM AOJKAB. BOAOua-
.n a ), par-par (m)'M KpWheB lITJII(hi), xol'-xor (xpan), dam-dam
(BblCTpe.lbl), baq-ba ( XlUIl(a Bbe B ryUl1Ul ), tai-aq-taraq (TpecK
JIOMalOlQJfXCSI CyqbeB), garfm mb (myM marOB B8 eCTBIII\e)
M T.A. YCJ1JieBBU CPOPM8 - tamiq-t-antq. OTMeT1IM': jap-jap
, RJleCK'. '
111
CY tfKC -as 06p83yeT 86cTp8KTHbie CYlIteCTBHTeJlbHble,
0603HaqalOlUHe npOAOJl)KHTeJlbHhlA mYM': beogas (rpOXOT), qarsas
If T.A.; CJleAyeT OTMeTHTb YABoeHHe BToporo COrJl8CHOrO B
jezzas, fe'ssas, xorras H T.A.
HMeIOTC.H.: jaraogas, tarangas... H taraqas, garapas, garam-
ba's H T .A., baraga"s (UIYM TeKYlIteA BOAbI), OpMbI C YAJlHHe-
HHeM Tuna -r+ ra- Toro CY HKC8 He npHHHMRIOT,.. B OT JlHqHe
OT 4»OpMbI H8 -om- ; gorumbas.
CY UKC -ft,s a6cTpaKTRblx CYllteCTBHTeJlbHblX, YK83blBalO-
IItHA lIa rpOMKOCTb, npOAOJl)KHTeJlbHOCTb If rJly6HHY 3BYK8, He /
ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H HH C npOCTblMH 3BYKonOAP8)KaHHJlMH, HU co CJlO-
I
88MH H8 -aog. C ABYCJlO)((HblMH CJlOBaMH UMeeTca: xarapts,
garambis (mYM n8A81OlUHX K8MHeA) H T.A. npHcoeAHHeHHe Toro
CY HKca K opMaM C YAJlHHeHHeM r + ra npOTHBOpeQHJla 6b1
OHeTHQeCKHM TeHAeHQHjlM .H3b1Ka; C OpM8MH Ha -om- HMeeT-
CH': A'Orumb-S"s.
Oopa30B8HJle CYlIteCTBHTeJlbHblX (ooJlbweA Q8CTbIO a6CTp8KT-
HblX, Ha3b1BaIOI1(UX 3BYK : zang '3BOH', qet-qet-ak C lQeKOTKa' ,
yeryer-ftnak (3BYK TpemOTKH), jerengAna (3BYK norpeMYWKH),
e peldq , CBHCT' H T.A. JljI nepeAaQi'1 nOHHTHB "OnJleYX8", H
npHMep. HMelOTCJI c.nOBa (nOMHMoselli ). qaffSq, ap't, c!ap -
liq. npHJlar8TeJlbHble: tofan e dwSz a-tak-a cABeH8AQaTJI3a-
p.HAHblA peBOJIbBep'. BYJlbr. m6tar-e pat-pat-i ' MOTOQHKJI'. OT-
MeTHM B K6. J<peCT., K8K H B nYWTY, tox-tox 'K8WeJlb' H tox-tox
kadan 'KaWJI.HTb'.
06pa30BaHHe rJlarOJlbHblX 060pOTOB: fe zadan =, fesas
kadan 'xpaneTb', lar kadan '06PYWHB8TbCB', j ek zadan ' APO -
)KaTb OT XOJlOA8'.
O"60pOT c npUqaCTHeM': xor zada xa\v rn@-kona 'OB xpanHT
80 CHe'; .mS' in garaolba's kada lJ1e-garda IMaUlHHa BpamaeTCH C
rpOXOTOM' .
3BYKono.n;pa)KaH B - H8peQH.H': npH onyweHuH npHQaCTHB B
v. b 1'\ d
nOCJleAHeM npHMepe nOJlYQ8eTeB" masln garanl as ole-gar a.
A6cTpaKTHoe 3BYKonOApa>KaHHe, TaKJfM 06pa30M,
nrpaeT pOJlb napC4UH H CJlY)KJ1T, KaK If 60.1lblUUHCTBO OpM,
I] 2
AJUI nepe,naqH nOHHTHH ",nOJIrO", "npOAOJI)«HTeJlbBO ' . rOBOpBT,
HanpHMep: garambas me-benom 'H BH>KY (AaBHo),' (Kor,na BHABT
BH,nHT qTO-JlH60, qTO nOCTOHHHO nOBTopHeTCH C KOpOTKHMH HH-
TepBaJlaMH).
A,nBep6HaJIbHbIe 060POTbI B pOJIH 3BYKODo,npa>K HHA: jarr-e
kada pAra ' od 'OH pa30pBaJiCH C TpeCKOM (co 3BYKOM "A>Kapp")'
(oTMeTHM e/e e,nHHHqHOCTH), garamb-e kada aftidi 'TbI ynaJI C
rpOXOTOM (co 3BYKOM "rapaM6,")'.
npOcTbIe O,nHOCJlO>KHbIe H ,nBYC.JlO>KHbIe 3BYKono,npax.caHHB,
3a KOTOpbIMH CJle,nyeT -e e,nHHHqaOCTH H ,naJIee npHqaCTHH (zada,
qaIne kada) HrpalOT pOJIb HaCTOHInHX a,nBep6HaJlbHbIX 060POTOB,
nepe,nalOInHX nOHHTHe "BHe3anHO",: garamb-e kada i paisa bar-et
rasid 'HeO>KH,naHHo Te6e npHWJIH ,neHbrH'. 3Ta KOBCTPYKQHB Ha-
nOMHHaeT ,npyrylO, 60Jlee ynoTpe6HTeJIbHYIO, r,ne BMeCTO 3BYKO-
no,npa>KaHHH BblcTynaeT HapeqHe HJlH Me>KAOMeTHe (j 130): zut-e
kada mad=te'z-e kada mad=raw-e kada amad '08 6bICTpO npH-
ll1eJl'., (CM. jf163, 164).
j 138. KpHKH >KHBOTHbIX
"-
alT (oceJl), yor (,nHKHe 3BepH), feA (3MeH), b'n (6bIK), bay
(6apaH), myaw' (KowKa), aw u n (BoA c06aKH), beng (oca). CJIO-
BO y,nBaHBaeTcH, eCJlH nOBTOpseTC"H KpHK. KpHKH HeKoTopbIX >KH-
BOTHbIX Bcer,na 0603HaqalOTCH nOBTopeBHeM o,nBoro CJIora': yaw-
yaw/qaw-qaw (c06aKa), qin-qln (,nHqb), kar-kar (KyponaTKa),
yan-yAn (BopOHa), qat-qot (KypHQa), ququququu 'KYKapeKY',
.
yombor (roJly6b). OTMeTHM TaK>Ke': paApalaq (nepeneJl), qor-
qor (JlHrywKa).
Cy<t><t>HKC -as a6cTpaKTHbIx cymecTBHTeJIbHbIX, BbJpa>KalO-
InHA OTHOCHTeJlbHO ,noJirHA KPHK, npHcoe,nHHHeTcB TOJlbKO K O,nHO-
CJlO>KHbIM <t>opMaM (cp. j 137): arras - peB OCJla, yorras - PbI-
qaHHe, myawwas - MHYKaHKe H T.,n.
CY4>4>HKC -as a6CTp81<THblX CYIneCTBHTeJlbHbIX (cp. 137)
B qot-qot8's - Ky,naXTaHbe.
Cy6cTaHTHBHpOBaHHbIe 4:'OPMbI Be npHHHMaIOT 3THX cy<t>-
<pHKCOB': ang - p)KaHHe, pa palaq (nepeneJl), yombor - BOpKO-
8-63
113
BaRbe, 'JAyin.'- p>KaHbe, quia - BoA. neHHe neTyxa (KOTOpblA
OY.QHT >KHTeJleA .QepeBHH nepe.Q paCCBeTOM BO BpeM.H paMa3aRa)
Ha3b1BaeTC.ft: 8zSn (OYKB. "npM3b1!3 K MOJlHTBe').
CJlO>KHble rJlarOJlbl': yor zadan ' pblqaTb' H nO.Q06HO 9TO-
MY - arr z.; bAn z., bay z , yftn z., myaW z, ang z.=arra:s z.,.
yombor 'z., pa!palaq z.,.
rOBOp.HT: yAn-yln kadan, qot-qot k., °JAyin kaAidan, quIa
ka!idan, Azan dSdan (oTMeTHM': moryak me-xina 'OTHtlKa noeT'
H3 x&ndan, ,bait xAndan 'oeTb').
j 139. pyrHe CJlOBa,
Bhlpa>KalOlQHe ou(yweHHJI /
nOMHMO 3BYKo OApa>KaHHA, 003BOJI.HIOInHX Bblpa)KaTb OInY-
eHHJI 8KYCTHQeCKoro. nopSl.QKa, Hapo.QHblA .H3b1K ooraT CJlOBaMH,
0003RaqalOII\HMH OInYIneHH.H HHoro xapaKTepa': OnTHtleCKHe .HBJle-
HH.H (RanpHMep, CBeT CJlaObIA HJlH CHJlbHhlA, nepHo.QHtleCKHii HJlH
nOCTO.HHHhlA), TeOJIOBble, 060H.HTeJIbHbIe. HeKoTopbIe CJlOB , eIQe
60Jlee o6pa3Hb1e, onHCblBalOT tlepTbl H Bblpa>KeHHe JlH a HJlH
nCHXHtleCKOe COCTO.HHHe.
C Mop«t»OJlOrHtleCKOA TOtlKH 3peHH.H 9TH CJlOBa MorYT BblDOJl-
H.HTb caMble pa3J1HtlHbIe «t»YHK HH'; TeM He MeHee He CJle,nyeT
ynYCKaTb H3 BH.QY nopa3HTeJlbHbIA oapaJlJleJlH3M Me>K,ny 9THMH (
CJlOBaMH H 3BYKonO.Qpa>KaHB.HMH (nOCKOJlbKY omymeHH.H 6bIBalOT
CJlO>KHbIMH, OHH MorYT HHor,na'6b1Tb o,nHOBpeMeHHO H 3BYKODO.Q-
pa>KaHH.HMH).
npOCTbIe «t»OPMbI': erAr bal r6 an-' od f B)];PY "6aJlb!" -
H JlaMOa 3a>KrJlaCb', dftn-e pex as f ero I'0T "n x" - OH
(H.QHOTCKH) YXMbJJI.HeTC.H'.
BoAHbIe «t»OPMbI': jel-o-bel-e bar..Amad 03HaQaeT 'pe6e-
HOK (>KaJl06HO) nJlaKaJl', ol-ol-em myaya 'MHe >KapKO', j al-o-bal
'6J1eCK', ' et-o-pet 'HaCKB03b MOKPblA', mox-mox didan c' CMOT-
peTb .QoJlro H C JlI060DbITCTBOM', loq-loq didan 'CMOT-
peTb HeBe>KJlHBO', ak-o-pak mandan · 6b1Tb H3YMJleHHbIM', Jet-a-
pet °lodan · OPOMOKHYTb )];0 HHTKH' H T.)];. 3TO KaCaeTC.H H cooo-
JlO>KeHH.H CJlOB-9XO (cp. 164, 165). OTMeTHM': xap-xap me-ra
'OR Kpa.lleTC.H'.
114
CY«tut)HKC -as 06pa3yeT a6CTpaKTHble CJlOBa, YKa3b1BaIOInHe
Ha AJlHTeJlbHOCTb OInymeHHA,: bella's '(cJla6b1A) 6J1eCK', jell-a.s
· >KaJl06HblA OJiaq (pe6eHKa)', , balaq-as .' B3PbIB', balang-as
· BCOblWKH OJiaMeHH'.
Me>KAOMeTH.H B «t»YHK HH HapeqHA: tap tareki-"s 'COBceM
TeMHO', fak-fak xo' -bu-yi mySya 'CJlblWHTC.H cJla60e 6J1aroyxa-
HHe', ' am bel-bel m@..'s6za 'CBeqa cJla60 cBeTHT . HMeeTCJt:
balangas ' odan HJlH balangas-kada soxtan 'ropeTb .HpKHM
nJIaMeHeM'. AABep6HaJlbHble 060POTbI': bell-e kada gol ' od '00-
ac nocJle cJla60A BcnblwKH', bella's kada nezdik- od 'OH O.pH-
6JIH3HJlCH CHHH' H T.A.
CJlO>KHble rJlarOJlbl': jol zadan = ' ol zadan 'cyeTH'rbC.H',
---
at z =' atan';;ak z. · 6apaXT.aTbC.H (B BOAe)', loq z. 'InHOaTb
(0 KO>Ke)', 01 zadan c H3J1yqaTb TeOJlO', jel zadan 'XHblKaTb (0
pe6eHKe)', zer z. 'np'HCTaBaTb', <!ox kadan 'KOJlOTb', bel-bel k.
C nOTpecKHBaTb', ,daq mandan '6b1'tb YAPyqeHHblM', qap kadan
'noAMaTb Ha JIeTY'.
CM. f 164.
r JIArOJIbHbIE OPMbI
140
3TOT pa3AeJI nOCBHIneH rJlarOJlbHOMY CJIOaOH3MeHeHHIO.
Mbl paCCMOTpHM OTf'JlarOJIbHble cymecTBHTeJlbHble B CJleAYIOIneM
pa3AeJle, a pOJIb rJlaroJia 'B npeAJlO>KeHHH - B ToA lIaCTH KHHrH,
KOTopaH nOCBHIneHa CHHTaKCHCY.
3AeCb Mbl AaAHM COpH>KeHHe HaH60Jlee Ba>KHbIX rJlarOJlOB.
ynoTpe6J1.HeMbJX B Ka6YJIH, KpOMe Tex H3 HHX (HeMHOrOqHCJleh-
HbIX), KOTopble BXOA.HT B npOCTOHapOAHblA H Aa)Ke BYJlbrapHblA
JleKCHKOH H OTCYTCTBYIOT B JlHTepaTypHOM .H3bIKe, HaopHMep,
c!alidan '3aBOAHTb (MaWHHY)', 'npHBOAHTb B ABH>KeHHe', :joqidan
'WeBeJlHTbC.H', s@lidan ',npHcnoca6J1HBaTbC.H't c opHHOpaBJlHBaTb-
CH' H T.A. 3TO Y>Ke Bonpoc CJlOBapHOro COCTaBa, OOTOMY qTO Ta-
KHe rJlarOJlbl C TOllKH 3peHHH HX CJlOBOH3MeHeHH.H He 06HapY>KH-
BaIOT KaKHX-J1H60 oc06eHHOCTeH.
8-2 63
115
,HMeeTCSI JlWmb ct>OpMa nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO' HaKJlOHeHH.H d@! H
COCJlaraTeJ1bHOrO - d@..y-om, d y-i .. . y rJlarOJla, 03Ha'laIOII(erO
'6HTb'; HMeeTC.H JlHmb ct>OpMa HaCTOSlInerO BpeMeHH melmayom
(KO. KpeCT.) Y rJlarOJla, COOTBeTCTBYlOlI(erO JlT. namudan 'Ka-
3aTbC.H'; 'OT rJlaroJia par-tAftan '6pocaTb' MO>KHO YCJI WaTb JlHWb
tI\ ;It A.
't'0pMbI HaCTOSlInerO BpeMeHH me-part-om, me-part-.l ..., cocJla-
raTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeRH.H - part-om, part-i ..., 6Y YInero Bpe-
MeHH - xat-part-om ... H' nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HalUlOBeHHSI - part-8,
part-@n ...
MHorHe rJlaroJl COXpaHHJlH JlHWb npOH3BO Hble ct>OPMbI,
K'OTopble HH YHTHBHO Y>Ke He BocnpHHHMaIOTC.H KaK rJlarOJlbHble':
pa!m8rda · YBSI wHA', fSluda - XOJlO HOe 6J1IO o H3 MOJlOKa H /
pHca, ela C HanpaCHblA', C nOKHHYTblA' '(cp. JlT. pafmordan, pAlu-
dan, he. tan/hel-), b&yad C a o', . ftyad C M,O>KeT 6b1Tb', gaya
C CJlOBHO' paccMaTpHBalOTC.H KaK npHJlaraTeJlbHble; x3ftan
03HaqaeT 'BpeMSI JlO)KHTbCSI cnaTb' (JiT. x6ftan 'cnaTb ').
npH ynoMHHaHHH nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeHHSI Mbl 6y eM
Be3 e aBaTb ct>OPMY 2-1'0 Jllina e HHCTBeHHoro qHCJla, CqHTaSl,
qTO B APyrHx JlHnaX nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe COBnaAaeT C
COCJlaraTeJlbHblM. npH YUOMHHaHHH npOqHX HaKJlOHeHHA Mbl 6y-
eM aBaTb cpOPMY l-ro JI. a e HHCTBeHHoro qHCJla (oKOHqa-
HHe -om).
B 3aKJlIOqeUHe Mbl npHBe eM ( 153) cnHCOK rJlaroJiQB C
He06xoAHMblMH YKa3aHH.HMH HX CnpSl>KeHHSI, KOTOpblA MbI pacno-
JlO>KHJlM JlSI y 06cTBa B aJlct>aBHTHoM nopSl Ke. n03TO Y Mbl
n03BOJlHM ce6e onycKaTb B HeKoTopblX qaCTSIX 3TOA rJlaBbI ne-
peBo rJlarOJlbHblX cpOPM, KOTopble HeTpY Ho HaATH B 3TOM
cnHCKe.
r,JlarOJlbHblH KopeHb
! 141
PaCCMOTpHM CJleAYIOInYIO Ta6J1Hny B cpaBHeHHH C 06pa3-
nOM CnpSl>KeHHSI B Ta6J1Hne 147,:
116
Ta6J1uu,a 11
r J1ar'OJ1bl C O,nHHM KopHeM
KOpeHb
.KOpeHb +id
r J1arOJ1bl C ,nByMSi KOpHHMJ1
KopeRb HaCTOSIInerO BpeMeHH
KopeHb npowe,nwero BpeMeHH
I-rpYID1a
«p<>PM:
2-rpynna
4x>PM:'
npHtiaCTHe HaCTOSIInerO
BpeMeHH
HacTomne-6y,n ee
BpeMR: npOCTWI
«popMa
CoCJ1araTeJ1bHOe Ha-
KJ10HeHHe: npocTaH
4x>pMa
nOBeJ1HTeJ1bHoe HaKJ10-
HeHHe: npOCTaH «popMa
y6HTaTHB 6y,nYInero Bpe-
MeHH (I-SI «popMa)
MHcI>HHHTHB
npHQaCTHe npoweAwero Bpe-
MeHH (H Bee CJ10>KHble Bp,e-
MeHa C npHtlaCTHeM npo-
we,nwero BpeMeHH)
npeTepHT
MMnepcl>eKT
6HTaTHB 6y,nYInero Bpe-
MeHH (2-SI <PopMa)
nePcl>eKT
npHfv«lep rJ1arOJ1a C O,nHHM KopHeM':
TeTb', 'J1eTeTb'
KopeHb ,nJ1S1 nepBoA rpynnbl': PAR-
KopeHb ,nJlSl BTOpoA rpynnbl: PAR-id-
npHMep rJ1arOJ1a C ,nBYMSI KOpHSlMH': 'sixtan 'CTpOHTb', ',ne-
Jla Tb'
paridan 'B3J1e.
. A
KopeHb ,nJ1S1 nepBoA rpynnbl : 'S'A,Z-
"
KopeHb ,nJ1S1 BTOpoA rpynnbl': 'S'AXf-
CM. BapHaHTbl rJIarOJ1bHOrO KOpHSI y HeKOTopblX BeCbMa
ynoTpe6HTeJ1bHblX rJ1ar0J10B ( 146).
8-3 63 ] ] 7
npe,Qr roJlbHble qaCTH bI
9 142. t)acTH a me-
npecpHKCaJlbHaB qaCTHQa me-, KOTopaB 06pa3yeT B Ka6y-
JlH HaCTOBIn'e 6YAYInee BpeMB H HMnepcpeKT, He nOABepraeTCB
H3MeHeBHBM B JlHTepaTypBOM H TpaAHQHOHBOM npOH3HomeHHH,
KpOMe Tex CJlyqaeB, KorAa CTHXOTBOpHblA pa3Mep Tpe6yeT npH-
MeHeHHB npaBHJI pa3roBopHoro 'B3b1Ka.
B « A
uOJlbmHBCTBe cJlyqaeB HMeeTCB me- . me-zanom, me-
horom, me-rezom H T.A. JIHIDb B HeKOTopblX cJlyqaBX no cpoHeTH-
qeCKHM 3aKOHaM me- nOABepraeTCB H3MeHeHHBM (MbI AaeM 3Aecb
npHMepbl l-ro JI. eA. tlMCJla HaCT. Bp.).
. '
'm@. COKpaIQaeTCB Borne- nOA BJlHBHHeM rJlaCHOrO 3BYKa
rJlarOJIbBOrO KOpHB B cJle,nYIOInHX cJlyqaBx': me-cenom, me-benom,
me-. enom, me-gerom (CM. 17).
me- COKpaInaeTCB B me-- nepeA HeKoTopbIMH rJlarOJlaMH
(0603HaqaIOInHMH 6b1CTpOe ABH>KeHHe), npHQeM COrJlaCHbIit 3J1e-
MeBT KOpHB YABaHBaeTcB (CM. .l 59)-: meddawa 'OH 6e>KHT',
mettaka · OH 6pocaeTcB'.
n peA rJlarOJlaMH C ABYXCJlO>KHbIM KopHeM me- nepexoAHT
B me- H COCTaBJIBeT OAHH cJlor C nepBblM COrJlaCHblM 3BYKO
KOpHB, KOTOpblA H caM, TaKHM 06pa30M, COKpaInaeTCB (CM. .f' 65)':
rOBop .T:. me nasom, me nawom metra m, mefr6som, megzarom
H T.A., KOpHH 3THX rJlarOJlOB CYTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO: 'senAs-, 'Ae-
naw-, tari -, fora-A., gozar- H T.A. To >Ke npoHcxoAHT M B Tex CJlY-
qaBX, KorAa npeBep6 06pa3yeT eAHHoe QeJloe C KopHeM AJiB co-
xpaHeHHB cJloroBoA CTPYKTYPb1: medrayom, mebrayom, mefrayom
npH HHcpHHHTHBax': dar-amadan, bar-amadan, far-8madan.
OTMeTH npeTepHT: megreftom npH HaCTOBIneM BpetdeHH -
megerom (HHcp. gereftan).
npHMetlaTeJleH cJlyqaA rJlaroJia 'soklidan': BblnaAeHHe 0 co-
3AaeT TpexcorJlacHYIO rpynny -.skI-, KOTopaB nepexoAHT B -skol-,
TaK tlTO HMeeTCB': meskol&nom. I1MeeTcH TaK>Ke: me pelom, HHeI».
' eplidan (CM. n06YAHTeJlbHble rJlaroJl 9 150).
118
nepeA KOpH.HMH C rJlaCBblM BaqaJlOM me + a AaeT me I
( 21)-; 'rOBOp.HT: meftom H mendazom npH KOpB.HX aft- H andaz.
me + a npHBOAHT K COqeTaHHIO myS (CM. 25}; rOBOp.H'I':
myamorzom, myayom, myarom. OBeMa y KOpB.H aCCHMHJlHpyeT
B myifom npH KopHe yaf-.
me npeAwecTByeT npeBep6aM, HO cJleAyeT 3a qaCTHQeA a-
OTpHQaRH.H (CM. I 152)': me-war-darom '.H nOAblMalO', ns-me-
wardirom '.H H nOAblMalO', mebrayom '.H BblXO)Ky', na-mebrayom
'H He BblXO)K y' .
B Bblpa)KeBH.HX ami me-gom '.H nOCTO.HRRO rOBOplO =.H Ra-
cTaHBalO', . ami bAra 'nOCTO.HHBO HAeT .QO)KAb' H T.A. ami
THMOJlOrHqeCKH CB.H3aR C JlT; haml (CXOACTBO C YKa3aTeJlbHblM
MecTQHMeRHeM'" ami, j 114 - cJlyqaAHOe cOBnaAeBHe).
,
143. lJacTHQa be-
KaK B JlHTepa TypHOM H3b1Ke, MopcpoJlOrHqeCKHe xapaKTepH-
,.
CTHKH ToA qaCTHnbl aBaJlOrHqHbI xapaKTepHCTHKaM qaCTHQbI me-
(cp. 142).
n,pe<pHKCaJlbHaH qaCTHna be- 06pa3yeT B Ka6YJlH (KaK
" B JlT.) nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe " COCJlaf'aTeJlbHOe /HaKJlOHeHHe, HO-
He o6pa3yeT (B OTJlHqHe OT JlT.) H3'bHBHTeJlbHOf'O tlaKJlOtleHHH
(CM. MI47).
aHa He nOABepraeTC.H H3MeHeBH.HM B JlHTepaTypBOM H Tpa-
AHnHOHHOM npOH3HomeHHH'; OAHaKO HHorAa CTHXOTBOpHblA pa3Mep
Tpe6yeT npHMeHeRH.H npaBHJI pa3rOBopHoro .H3b1Ka.
B 60JlbWH.HCTBe cJlyqaeB HMeeTC.H be-: bezanom, ber om
-
bex@zom, bej awom, besazom.
be- nepeXOAHT B bi- nOA BJlH.HBHeM KOaeqHOrO -i KopHeA
qeTblpeX rJlarOJlOB (CM. 146) nOBeJlHTeJlbHOM BaKJlOBeBHJf:
bi- i, bi-hi, bi-Ai, bi-gi. B COCJlaraTeJlbHOM HaKJlOHeBHH (rAe
KOpHH He cOAep)KaT i) be- He H3MeH.HeTC.H': be-<!enom, be-benom,
be- enom, be-gerom.
OTMeTHM cpOPMY nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeHH.H rJlaroJia
mandan: bo-ban (aCCHMHJlHnHH COf'JlaCHblX) HJlH npOCTO: ban
8- t1 63
]]9
"(CT.H)KeHHe)'; COCJlaraTe.nbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe: bo-bSnom/bAnom
(CM. 1 58).
He no,nBepra.HCb H3MeHeHH.HM (TaKoro THna. KaK nepexo,n
me- B me-, j 142), be- Bbl3bIBaeT B HeKOTopbIX rJlaroJiax (CM.
.f59) y,nB eHHe corJlacHoA oHeMbI KOpHH: beddawom, ettakom,
be ' aqom, bettapom ..
no,n BJlH.HHHeM KopHeBoA «t»oHeMbI 0 HJlH a, BMeCTO be-
MO)KHO YCJlbIWaTb bo- (CM.} 19}: bo-konom, bo-jombom, bo-
koAom, bo-Aoyom, .bo- & om, bo-dozom... To )Ke npoHcxo,nHT H
B nOBeJlHTeJlbHOM HaKJlOHeHHH, r,ne CJle,nyeT OTM THTb': bo-r8
"H,nH!' (Ko'pe,Hb raw B HMnepaTHBe nepexo,nHT B 1'0), oTKy,na co-
CJlaraTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe: bo-rom BMeCTO be-rom (KopeHb r
6e3 COrJlaCHOrO 9J1eMeHTa). Y,nBoeHHe KopHeBoro COrJlaCHoro:
bo's'sOza 'nycTb OH cropHT' ()KeJlaT. HaKJI.).
nOA .,BJlH.HHHeM Ha'laJlbHblX COrJlaCHbIX KOpH.H p, b, f H m
BMeCTO be- HMeeM bo (CM. 2'1)'; Cpt nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe Ha-.
KJlOHeHHe: bo-par, bo-paz, bo-paI, bo-pay, bo-pond, bo-bar, bo-
bar, bo-b1if, bo-biz, bo fam, bo-mal. TO)Ke Ha6J1IO,naeTC.H. H B
cOC.1IaraTeJlbHOM HaKJlOHeHHH': bo-pazom, bo-parom H Te,n Bce
9TH COrJIrlCHble - Jla6HaJlbHble.
IMeeTc.H be HJlH bo': bo-xin, bo-xGy. KaK npe,nC1'aBJI.HeT-
CH, «t»opMa bo- B03HHKJla no,n BJlJ.IHHHeM ApeBHeA rpynnbl xw- . ( .
nO-Biri,4;IMOM y, B pe3Y JlbTaTe pacnpocTpaHeHH.H 3Toro BJlHHHHH
HHor,na rOBOp.HT: bo-xar, bo-kar, XOTH 3,neCb 9THMOJlOrH'IeCKOrO
xw- HHKor,na He 6bIJlO.
aJlH2HHe rJlaCHOrO i/e npeo,nOJleBaeT BJlH.HHHe COrJlaCHOro
b B TaKI1X cJlyqaHX': hi-bi, be-benom. TOtlHO TaK )Ke, Bcer,na ro-
BOpHT: oo-xor-om, bo-ko -om.
-....
MbI Y)Ke paCCMOTpeJiH (CM. 9" 65) nOCJle,nCTBH.H npe«t»HKca-
HH be- ,nJlH ABY?,CJlO>KHbIX rJlarOJIbHblX KopHel; B nOBeJlHTeJIb,-
HOM (aHaJlOrH'IHO, B cOCJlaraTeJlbHoM) HaKJlOHeHHH HMeeTCH':
beAnas, betrAJ, bedray, befrAy H T. . (KOpHH ' enas, tara' , dar-Sy,
far-a-y H Te,n.) 1JacTH a be onYCKaeTCH B rJlaroJle bar-am dan':
baray (pe,nKo - bebray). rOBOp.HT TaK}Ke dar-ay.
120
OTMeTHM!: be. pel (HH«t». ' eplidan) .
nepe,n KOpH.HMH, nepBbIA cJlor KOTOphlX B HCXO,nHOA ABYX"
CJlo>KHoA «t»OpMe CO,nep>KHT 0, BMeCTO be HMeeTC.H bo- (CM. 19).:
bofro , bo'spor, bogrez, bo kof (HH«t»..: fOrOxtan, 'sopordan, gorex-
tan, goza tan, ' okoftan). To >Ke npOHcxo,nHT H B COCJlaraTeJlbBOM
H8KJlOHeHHH.
BJlH.HHHe KOpH.H H8CTO.HInerO BpeMeHH npeBaJlHpyeT B rJla-
rOJlax: be naw, be' nawom (npeTepHT 'sonidom, a HaCT. Bp.
me n8wom). J1MeeTC.a «t»opMa COCJlaraTeJlbHOrO H8KJlOHeHH.H
begerom (,nJl.H rJl8rOJIa gereftan), B TO BpeM.H KaK «t»opMa ero
HMnep«t»eKTa - megrefton.
OTMeTHM bo'skolanom npH HH«t»HHHTHBe 'soklandan (cp. '
1425 CM. n06y,nHTeJlb e rJlarOJIbI 150).
CT.H>KeHH.H H aCCHMHJl.H H.H rJlaCHblX (CM. 22, 25) HMelOT
MeCTO B Tex CJlYQ8.HX, KorAa KopeHb HaQHHaeTC.H C rJlaCHoro:
beft, bendaz (HH«t». aftidan, andaxtan), byar, bya, by&morz (HH<p.
awordan, amadan, amorzidan),byaf (HH«t». yaftan). To >Ke Ha6J1IO-
AaeTC.H H B COCJlaraTeJlbHOM HaKJlOHeHHH': beftom, byayom, byafom
H T.A.
r JlarOJlbHble OKOHtlaHHJI
. I
144
Ta6J1u1I,a 12
E,n. 'IHCJlO MH. 'IHCJlO
l-e J1H1{O 2..e J1H O 3-e J1H O l..e J1H O 2-e J1HQO 3-e JIH O
K6. . ,. A
-om -1 -8 -em -en -an
JIT . . -ad A .ro -and
-am -1 -em
CpaBHHB8.H 3TH <POpMbl C «t»OpM8MH JlT. (Tpa,nH HOHHoe H
J1HTepaTypHoe npOH3HomeHHe A«t»raHHCTaH8), MO>KHO. 3aMeTHTb
oTn8,neHHe KOHe'lHOrO d B 3..M J1H e e-,nHHCTBeHHoro 'IHCJl8 H B
3-M J1H e MHO>KeCTBeHHoro 'IHCJla. B J1T. HMeeTC.H -ed npH K6.
121
-@n (BOcxo,n.HlUeM" B03MO HO, K ,npeBHeA «t»opMe end) BO 2-M
J1H e MHO)KeCTBeHHoro '1HCJla H -am npH K6. -om B I-M J1H e
(CM. j21).
npH '1eTblpex OKOH'IaHH.HX C COrJlaCHblM HCXO,ltOM H or,na
8 «t»aMHJlb.HpHOM .H3b1Ke MO)KHO YCJlblWaTb': -o ak (I-e J1.H O e,n.'1.),
-emak, -enak, -anak (I-e, 2-e, 3-e JlH O MH. 'I.). CM. 156,
,. 9, B KOHQe.
144-a. ,r J1arOJl-CYlUeCTBHTeJlbHOe
T a 6 .II U If a 13
E,nHHcTBeHHoe '1HCJlO MHO)KeCTBeHHoe '1HCJlO
l-e J1 0 2-e JlH O 3-e J1 0 I-e J1 0 2-e JI O 3-e J1Hl(O
K6. . A A
-am -1 -a -em -en -an
JIT. . -ast -@m -ed -and
-am -1
pMbI "BTOpH'IHbIX- 1 ' OKOfltlaHHA 3,neCb HCKYCCTBeflHO BOCCTa-
HOBJleHbI'; OHH CYlUeCTBYIOT B pa3rOBopHOM .H3blKe He H30JlHpO-
BaHHO, a B KOHTaKTe C KOHe'lHblM -a npH'IaCTHA npowe,ltwero
BpeMeHH npH 06pa30BaHHH "nep<peKTa", '1TO Be,lteT K H3MefieHHIO
HX rJlaCHOrO 3J1eMeHTa (CM., HanpHMep, 145, J 16, 21).
OTMeTMM OKOH'IaHMe -em (B I-M JI.) e,ltHHCTBeHHoro '1MCJla
nep<pcKTa W3 -a + -am; 3.Ta AHCCHMHJUIQHB n03BOJIBeT H30e)KaT
«t»OpMbI -aa/a, KOTOpa.H MO)KeT 6blTp CMewaHa C «t»opMoA CTOJIb
>Ke ynoTpe6MTeJlbHOA, KaK H npH'Ia6THe npowe,ltwero' BpeMeHH.
BcnOMOraTeJlbHble 4>OpMbI
145
x8t/X8, 3KBHBaJleHTHblA JlT. xwahad (CM.j 31, 51) 06pa-
"3yeT <POPMY npe,ltnOJlO)KHTeJlbHOrO ,lty6HTaTHBa (a He 6YAYInerO
BpeMeHH, KaK B JlT.; 6Y,ltYInee BpeM.H Bblpa)KaeTC.H B K6. TeMH )Ke
«t»opMaMH, '1TO H HaCTO.HlUee).
122
xa(t) OCTaeTC.H HeH3MeHHbIM H ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H AJI.H BCeX
JlH B Ha'laJle r Jlal'OJlbHOA «t»OPMbI, B KOTOp. 1O OR BXOAHT, HJlH
nocJle npH'IaCTHH npOweAWerO BpeMeHH.
BCnOMOraTeJlbHbIA rJlaroJi budan" 6bITb', YKa3bIBalOIQHA
Ha 3aBepweHHOCTb AeAcTBH.H':
npeTepHT
11M nep<p eKT
,lJ;y6HTaTHB 6y1J.Y-
Inero BpeMeHH
COCJlaraTeJlbHOe
HaKJlOHeHHe COBep-
weHHoro BH1J.a
Ay6HTaTHB
COBepmeHHoro
BH1J.a
nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe
HaKJlOneHHe
nep<p eKT
bod-om bod-em
bod-i bod-en
bud bod-an
me-bod-pm m@.bob-em
me-bod-i me-hod-en
me-bud me-hod-an
xit bod-om xit bod-em
x8t bod-.i xat bod-en
xat bud xat bod-an
ba -om ba" -em
ba -i bios-en
ba -a bA' -an
xat ba m b""
xat 8" em
xat bfi" -i ,. b" "
xat 8" -en'
X8t ba" a xat bi's-an
bil '6Y1J.b' (npO'lHe <POpMbl - CM. cocJlar.)
bod- m
bod-i
bod-a
bod-em
bod-en
bod-ani aan
HBJleHH.H CT.H>KeHHH rJlaCHbIX (CM. 144-a, j 16, 21) Bb
3b1Ba1OT, ,TaKHM 06pa30M, nO.HBJleHHe "BTOpH'IHbIX" OKOH'IaHHA,
cBoAcTBeHHblx nep<peKTY (CM. j 147-a, 38-42).
A
as om as em
.
8"st-.1 ast-en
as(t) a"st-an
H aCTO.H In e-6 y 1J. YIn e e
BpeM.H, 1-.H <popMa
123
as B 3':"M JlH e eAHHCTBeHHoro qHCJla HHorAa npOH3HOCHTC.H -a.
HaCTO.HIne-6YAYInee
BpeMB, 2-.H opMa
m ba -om
" b it x ·
me- a l'
me-bAJ-a
,. b "v ,.
me- as-em
A b A ,.
me- as-en
me-bas-an
BcnOMOraTeJlbHbIA rJlarOJl raftan ' HATH', YKa3b1BaIOInHA Ha
06bIqHOCTb H npOAOJDKHTeJlbHOCTb AeAcTBH.H':
raft-om raft-em
npeTepHT raft-i raft-en
raf( t) ra ft-an
HMnepc12KT
me-raft-om
mS-raft-i
me-raft
me-raft-em
" f A
me-ra teen
me-raft-an
y6HTaTHB
xit raft-om
xat raft-i
xat raf(t)
.-. f "
xat ra teem
;t f
xat ra t-en
xat raft-an
npHqaCTHe npomeAmero BpeMeHH rafta
A me-r-@m
me-r-om
HaCTO.HIne-6YAYInee . "
me-r-l me-r-en
"
146) A ,
BpeM.H (CM. me-r-a me-r-an
bo-r-om bOer-em
COCJlaraTeJlb Hoe bo-r- i bOer-en
HaKJlOHeHHe bo-r-a bo-r-an (
nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJIOHeHHe bo-r-8
raft-em raft-em
nep eKT ra ft- i raft-en
raft-a raft-an
124
. pyrHe CJlO)KHbIe BpeMeHa
COBepmeHRhlA
BH,n
HaCTOBIne-6y,nYInee
BpeM.H
npeTepHT (MaJlO-
ynoTpe6HTeJlbHa1'
J1MnepcpeKT
COCJlaraTeJlbHOe
..
HaKJlOHeHHe
y6HTaTHB npowe,n-
wero H HaCTO.HInerO
BpeMeHH
,lJ;y6HTaTHB 6y,nYInero
BpeMeHH
nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe
HaKJlOHeHHe
nep«pe KT
rafta (boda)
me-ba m
raft a (boda)
A b "% ·
me- 8' 1
rafta bod-om
rafta bod-i
rafta me-bod-om
rafta me-bod-i
rafta bi om
rafta b8 -i.
rafta (boda) (xat)
bf om
rafta (boda) (xat)
ba -i
_ rafta (boda) xat
bod-om
rafta (boda) xat
bod-i
raf a ba
raft a bod-em
rafta bod-i
HeCOBepmeHIIbIA
BH,n
rafta me-I'-om
rafta me-'i-i
,rafta raft-om
rafta raft-i
rafta me-raft-om
rafta me-raft-i
rafta bor-om
rafta bol'-i
rafta xat
me-raft-om
rafta xat
m raft-i
rafta xat bor-om
rafta xat bor-i
rafta bo-r-o
rafta raft-em
rafta raft-i
BcnOMoraTeJlbHbIA'rJlaroJi raftan (CM. Ta6J1. 147, M 15
HHor,na 3aMeH.HeTC.H (KaK B Ta,n)KHKCKOM B3b1Ke) Ha estada bodan
(6YKB. 'CTO.HTb'), rayi budan (6YKB. 'H,nTH', ,t(BHraTbC.H'), estan
(6YKB. C ca,nHTbC.H;). IJTo6bl C a3aTb':" Bbl npo.QOJl)KaeTe CMOT-.
peTb" - HMeIOTC.H BapHaHTbI': dida meren = dida rayi "sten = dida
estada- t n = dida ' e ten.
125
TeM He Meaee, rafta BBJlBeTCB B Ka6YJlH rJlaBHbIM BcnOMO-
raTeJlbHbIM rJlarOJlOM AJiB 0603HaqeHHB AJlHTeJlbHOrO H 06blQHOrO
.QeACTBHB.
r J1aroJi tanestan i MOQb' (CM. ' 153) conpOBO>KAaeT npH-
QaCTHe npomeAmero BpeMeHH C TeMH >Ke xapaKTepHcTHKaMH, QTO
H BcnoMOraTeJlbHbIA rJlarOJl'! rafta tane'stan" 6blTb B COCTOB8HH
HATH' .
BapHaHTbI KOpHB HaCTOB(Qero BpeMeHH
(H nOB JlHre.JlbHOrO Ha JlOHeHHB)
9 146
no $oHeTHQeCKHM 3aKOHaM KopeHb HaCTo.snnero BpeMeHH
(cp. 9 141) Y HeJ{oTopblX BeCbM3 ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbiX rJlarOJlOB
(6oJlee ,neCHTH) npHHHMaeT COKpaIneHHYIO «POPMY AJiH qaCTH na-
paAHrMbl UnpB>KeHHH': KopeHb HMeeT ABa BapHaHTa, OAHH H3 KO-
TopblX (» 1) ynoTpe6J1BeTcB B HaCTOBIne-6YAYIneM BpeMeHH
T a 6 oR U 11, a 14
HH«pHHHTHB EAHHaH BapHaH1bl B Ka6YJlH
cpo pM a HaCTOH- cocJlara- nOBeJlH-
B J1T. ee Bp. TeJlbHOe TeJlbHOe
( 1) HaKJI. HaKJI.
( 1 (M 2)
HJlH 2)
a)'AeJiaTb' ka-d ':'an kon- kon- -ku/k
'ecTb' x61'-d-an xor- xor- xQl
- I
6) 'c06HpaTb' en-d-an an- <!en- <i
'BHAeTb' di-d-an bin- ben- -bi
'caAHTbcH' ' e t-an (ne) in- ' en- -si
'6paTb' geref-t-an . .
gIr- ger- -gI
B) 'AaBaTb' da-d-an deh- t- A
-te
'HJ!TH' ra£-t-an "
raw- f\- -m
'CTaHOBHTbCH' an ' aw- ' aw.. - 6
'rOBopHTb' gof-t-8O gO( y)-
g- -go
r) 'KJlaCTb' man-d-an A A ban-
'nYCKaTb' man- man-
126
(CM Ta6J1H Y - 06pa3e CnpB)f(eHHJI 147),a APyroA (If 2) - B no-
BeJlHTeJlbHOM HaKJlOHeBHH. ,OAHS H3 ABYX BapHaHTOB (B 60JlbWHH-
CTBe cJlyqaeB - H 1) ynoTpe6J1BeTC.H B COCJlaraTeJlbHOM HaKJlO-
HeHHM (a .CJleAOBaTeJlbHO, B 'Ay6HTaTHBe).
B 9TOA Ta6J1H e nepeqHCJleHhI qeTblpe cepHH H3MeHeHHI:
B nepBblx Tpex CepHJlX B nOBeJlHTeJlbHOM H8KJlOHeBHH KopaeBoA
corJlacHblA (HJlH rioJlyrJlacBhlA) B KOH e CJlOBa (npH HYJleBoM
OKOHqalHfH nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO aaKJlOHeHHJI) BblnaAaeT (CM. ! 49)';
npe.n;wecTBYIOw.HA rJlacHhll npH 9TOM YAJlHBBeTCJI.
a) KopeHb COAep)f(HT B HMnepaTHBe KOHeq8hlA AOJlrHA rJlac-
HblA.
6) KopeHb COAep)KHT 8 B8CTOJlIQeM BpeMeBH cpeAHHHblA KpaT-
KHA rJlaCHblA; BapHaHT KOpRB, ynoTpe6J1.HeMbll B HMnepaTHBe,
HM-eeT B KOH e AOJlrHA rJlaCHblti (BMeCTO KpaTKoro rJlaCHOrO +
corJlaCHblA). TOqHee, KopHeBoA rJlacHblA i TpaAH HOHHoro npo-
H3HOWeHH.H COOTBeTcTByeT B HaCTOJImeM BpeMeHH rJlaCHOMY e
pa3rOBopHoro .H3b1Ka H3-3a aCCHMHJI.H HH TeM6pOB rJlaCHblX (nOA
B3IH.HHHeM qaCTH me- H be-, CM. 19). B nOBeJlHTeJlbHOM
HaKJlOHeHHH OTna.n;eHHe KOHeqHOrO COrJlaCHOrO B pa3roBopHoM
.H3blKe BJleqeT 3a co6oA BOCCTaHOBJleHHe i.
B) 'Y qeTblpex r JlarOJlOB, KopeHb KOTOpblX B JlT, COCTOHT H3
COrJlaCHOrO, 3a KOTOpblM CJleAYIOT rJlaCHble H nOJlyrJlacHble 9J1e-
MeHTbI, 9TH nOCJle.n;HHe BblnaAalOT B HaCTO.HIneM BpeMeHH npH
KOHTaKTe C rJlarOJlbHbIMH OKOHqaHH.HMH, H K9peHb npe.n;CTaeT B
qJopMe npOCToro COrJ1aCHoro. HanpOTHB, B nOBeJlHTeJlbHOM
HaKJlOHeHHH HCXO.n;HbIA rJlaCHblA 9J1eMeHT KOpH.H COXpaH.HeTC.H B
HeCKOJ1bKO H3MeHeHHOM BHAe.
r) B HaCTO.H eM BpeMeHH (1-.H CepH.H) m8-mSnom, B nOBeJlH-
-
TeJ1bHOM HaKJlOHeHHH (2-e JI.) HMeeTC.H bo-ban/ban, a B cocJla-
raTeJlbHOM (l-e JI.) bo-banom;b6nom (cp. 58, if 143, 145).
;s-
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ca .=: j ca <as N "i '- ca; <d>
N i!__..c N i! E
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9 I47-a. IJpHMepbl H npHMe'lalOOl
(K Ta6J1H e-06pa31(Y cnpHJ<eHH.H)
nOJlHYIO napa.n;HrMY Cnp.HJ<eHH.H r aroJla MO>KHO nOJlY'IHTb
nocpe.n;CTBOM npHcoe.n;HHeHH.H I'JlarOJlbHblX OKOa'laHHA Bcex JlHQ,
paBHO KaK H BcnOMOraTeJlbHblX «t»OPM, KOTopble 6b1J1H 'paCCMOT-
peHbI 'paHee.
T&6J1H a .n;ae'l' «t»OpMbI I-ro JlH a e.n;HHCTBeHHoro 'IHCJla nOJl-
Horo Cnp.H>KeHH.H o.n;Horo rJlaroJla Ka6YJlH'; Bce 9TH «t»OpMbI B .H3bl-
Ke 60Jlee HJlH MeHee WHpOKO ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbI. HeKOTopble «t»OpMbl
co.n;ep>KaT MHO)KeCTBO CMblCJlOBbIX OTTeHKOB. no.n;po6Hoe paCCMOT-
peHHe KOTOpblX B .n;aHHOM cnHCKe HeB03 .10J<HO: 'IaCTOe ynoTp 6J1e-
HHe COKp InaeT «t»OPMY H H3MeH.HeT ee CMblCJI.
CepH.H "npOCToro .n;eACTBH.H" HaH60Jlee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHa';
cepHH "3aK9H'IeHHOrO" H "He3aKOH'IeHHOrO .n;eACTBH.H", co.n;epJ<a-
InKe 60Jlee KopOTKHe «t»OPMbI, qaCTO 3aMeInalOT ABe .n;PyrHe cepHH.
TOT «t»aKT, 'ITO B pa3roBopHoM .H3blKe 9TH npaBHJla 'IeTKO He
C06J1IO.n;aIOTC.H, He 03HaqaeT, JlTO npHBe.n;eHHa.H Ta6J1H a .HBJI.HeTC.H
npOCTO "TeOpeTH'IeCKoA"": BCe npHMepbl, KOTopble Mbl .n;aeM, B3.H-
TbI H3 06Hxo.n;Horo .H3blKa.
opMa MI": MaJlO ynoTpe6HTeJlbHa, OTJlHQaeTC.H OT «t»OpMbI
M 42, 0603Ha'la.H HeMe.n;JleHHOe HJlH 06b1'1HOe COCTO.HHHe, no.n;TBep-
)K.n;aeMoe C 60JlbwoA YBepeHHOCTblO': Ha KOHe'lHblA cJlor - daf-ta
npH'IaCTH.H npowe.n;mero BpeMeHH, na.n;aeT y.n;apeHHe: tu-xo i .b@ma-
ri-ra goz8" tanda-(a)-sti 'Tbl Be.n;b Y>Ke nepeHec 9TY 60Jl83Hb '; u
am@- a da-kSr k8 e kada.(a)-s 'OH Bcer.n;a cTapaTeJlbHO pa60TaeT'
npH1Ia0THe npome.n;mero BpeMeHH, TaKHM o6pa30M, 3aMeWleT, KaK
Ka>KeTC.H, HM.H .n;e.HTeJl.H HJlH .n;eenpH'IaCTHe HaCTO.HInerO BpeMeHH.
M 2-: er8 larzida m@-r.i 'no'leMY TbI .n;pO>KHmb?', xari da
pAyt xalida m ran 'KOJlIO'IKH BnHBaIOTC.H Te6e B HorH'.
M 3: ar-rGz yak ketSb-a po. ti kada rafta-'.s 'KaJ<.n;blA .n;eHb OH
nepenJl8TaeT no o.n;HoA KHHre'.
If 4: da baar pe!in-ana barida rafta-mg.ra 'BecHoA BCeI'.n;a
nocJle no.ny.n;H.H H.n;eT' .n;OJ<.n;b'.
M 5: xub me-beni 'Tbl xopowo BH.n;HWb'; @na myayom 'BOT
9-63
129
JI YICe H,ny'; . do--sil bGd o!uy mg.kona 'qepe3 ,nBa ro,na ORa BblR,neT
3aMYIC; (CM. 189, 215)".
1f 6: By,nYlI(ee p8HHee t : t8 u-wax(t) bargft zard ' da mS.bi a
'K TOMY BpeMeRH JlHCTbJl YICe nOICeJlTeIOT'.
1f 7.: ar .sab xSt didi ke ' aw-ana barf birida rafta-lCe.ba a
'TbI, HaBepHoe, BH,nHWb KaIC,noe YTPO, qTO BCIO HOqb weJl CHer'.
If 8,: nJiIOCKBaMnepcpeKT': . ekAri ke rasid IDorya parida bodan
'nOKa no,noweJl OXOTHHK, nTHQbI YICe YJleTeJlH'.
If 9: tamftm-e . aw ' a-nftma xinda raft-om wi gOA kada
raftan 'BCIO HOqb .H qHT8J1 WaX-HaMe, 8 OHH CJlYWaJlH'.
1f 16: .sOb tl .Aam mardom pe e amada rafta bodan 'c YTpa
I
,no Beqepa K HeMY npHxo,nHJlH JlIO,nH'. \,
NIl.: bist daqiqa j8la bArid-o delem tapida rafta raf(t)
',nB8,nQ8Tb MHHYT weJl rp8,n, H Moe cep,nQe (Bce 9TO BpeMJI) CHJlb-
HO 6HJlOCb'.
1f 12: yazni-ra p&l'--sil didom '.H BH,neJl r83HH B npOWJlOM
ro,ny'. OTMeTHM TpaHcn03HQHIO ,nJl.H 0603HaqeHHJI 6J1HICaAwero
6y,nymero: ena desti ftmadom '.H ceAqac H,ny'; ' oma boren m'8m
rasidom 'Bbi H,nHTe, .H HeMe,nJleRHO npH,ny' (CM. 215).
B K86YJlH OTCYTcTByeT HMeI01J.{8.HC.H B JlHTepaTypHoM .H3b1Ke
cpopMa be-zadon: (TaK qTO npecpHKc be COXp8H.HeTC.H B K6. JlHWb
,nJl.H COCJl8raTeJlbHO->KeJl8TeJlbHOrO H nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHe-
HHA).
» 13: axer-e ar ma yak banyan bafta me-bud 'B KOHQe KaIC"
,noro MeC.HQa OHa B.H38J18 DO o,nHoA cpycpaAKe'.
1f 14: ar-roza gapa-y a ' nida me-rafte 'K8IC,nblA ,neltb
Mbi CJlYW8J1H,. qTO OH HaM rOBOpHJI' (npHMeq8TeJlbHa 06b1\1HOC1b
AeAcTBH.H).
1f 1&: .s8b-ta- a t ketab 8-Y .sagerda-y xod-a dida rafta-m -
-bud 'c YTP8 ,no nOJlY AM OR npOCM8TpHBaJi TeTp8,nH CBOHX yqe-
RHKOB' .
1f 16: ma ke rasid@m az nal anoz aw akida rafta-me-raf(t)
'Kor,na Mbi npHWJlH, Bo,na Bce K8naJl8 H3 Kp8aa'.
If 17,: ar ' aw 'sar-e i .sang me-- e t ',K8IC,nblA Be ep OR ca,nHJlC.H
H8 9TOT K8MeHb'. 3T8 cpopMa T8KICe ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H (HanpHMep,
130
C bayad) KaK 3aMeHHTeJlb COCJlaraTeJlbROrO ()KeJlaTeJlbHOrO) Ha-
KJlOHeHHSI B npOWJ10M': bayad me-dad OH .r\OJl)KeH 6b1J1 .r\a Tb'.
(CM. j 215).
1fH 18 22,: 2- e JlHQO e.r\HHCTBeHHoro \lHCJla COCJlaraTeJlbHO-
ro HaKJlOHeHHSI': zada ba i, zada bori, zada rafta ba. i, zada rafta
bori, bezani, - ynoTpe6J1S1eTCSI KaK nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe
6Y.r\YIQero BpeMeHH aapSl.r\y C «IJopMaMH 33-37 (CM. j 188).
1f1f 18 H20: MorYT 3aMelUlTb, cooTBeTcTBeHHo, 23 'H 25 .r\JlSI
Bblpa)KeHHSI .r\y6HTaTHBa ('3TH nOCJleAHHe cpOpMbI, YKopO\leHHble 3a
A
C\leT OTCe\leHHSI BcnOMOraTeJlbHOrO 9J1eMeHTa xat, COBna.r\aIOT C
<popMaMH 18 H20).
1f 20, 25 H 29: boda MO)KeT npH6aBJlSlTbCSI .r\JlSI YCHJleHHSI 3a-
BepweHHOCTH.
1f 18: r8z-e id bSyad kala-y naw po ida ba em 'Ha npa3.r\HHK
HaM HY)KHO 6Y.r\eT Ha.r\eTb HOBYIO o.r\e)K.r\Y'; kiA-ke t8 'sabA dewal-a
saxta biJa 'xopomo 6b1J1o 6b1, eCJlH 6b1 OR K 38BTpamHeMY .r\HIO no-
CTpOHJI cTeay'. OTMeTHM': eri tarsida ba .i '3a\leM Te6e 60SlTb-
CSI', ar i da.Jta bi' a '\lTO 6b1 Y Hero HH 6b1J10'. nOBeJlHTeJlbHoe
HaKJlOHeHHe rJlaroJia 'HMeTb', KOTOpblA Bcer.r\a 0603HaQaeT .r\JlH-
TeJlbHOe .r\eAcTBHe, TaKOBO: da ta ba' , HO He (be) dar (37); aHa-
JlOrHQHO 9TOMY r(\BOpSiT': da. ta ba'som, BMeCTO: (be)dirom (22).
If 19: famidom aga barida bora tar me..;Jem 'SI nOHSlJI, \lTO eCJlH
Bce BpeMSI 6Y.r\eT H.r\TH .r\O)l(.r\b, MbI lipOMOKHeM'; b yad aw aworda
boran OHH .r\OJl)KHbI Bce BpeMSI npHHOCHTb BO.r\Y'.
1f 20: ba ' art-@'k( t8 axer-e .sal ar--ma tan-x8 (JiT. tan-xwah)
gerefta rafta-boda-b&' i 'npH YCJlOBHH, \lTO eCJlH TbI .r\0 KOHQa rO.r\8
6Y.r\eWb e)KeMeCSI\lHO nOJlY\laTb .3apnJlaTY'.
1f 2l: m@.i a ke rOz-ba-roz batar ' oda rafta-bora 'B03MO)KHO,
\lTO C Ka)K.r\blM .r\HeM 6y AeT Bce xY)Ke'.
If 22,: na-xat ke ba-i ate aw bo-jo.Ja 'BpSl.r\ JlH Ha TaKOM
orHe 3aKHnHT BO.r\a', didi ke bofr8lel 'BepoSiTHo (6YKB. TbI BR-
,neJl, T.e. TbI YBH.r\HWb), OH npo.r\acT ero'.
opMa 22 Bcer.r\a 0603Ha\laeT 6YAYlUee BpeMSI no OTHomeHHIO
K TOMY BpeMeHH, KOTopoe 6b1J1o .r\0 9Toro YOOMSIHYTO B peqH:
arr=adon: ke paisa begerom' SI npHmeJl nOJlyqHTb .r\eubrH', myayom
9-2 63
131
ke paisa begerom '.H npuxQ)I(Y (npuAY) nOJlyqUTb AeHbru' (cp. 215,
If 2\.
HeKOTopble npeBep6bI, XOT.H OHU H 06p83YIOT C KopHeM OAHO
eJloe, n03BOJl.HIOT OnyCK8Tb q8CTU Y be..': darayom, barSyom,
farftyom HJlH bedrSyom U T.,n.
Iflf 23-32': xat (KOTOp8.H MO)l(eT nOMeIl{8TbC.H B H8q8J1e rJl8-
rOJlbHoA <pOpMbI) H8nOMHH8eT no <popMe 6YAymee BpeM.H JlHTepa-
TypHoro .H3bIK8. B K86YJlH 3H8qeHHe Ay6HT8THB8 HJIM npeAnOJlO)Ke-
HH.H (c ero MHOrOqHCJleHHbIMH oTTeHK8MH) 0 a3aJlOCb CHJlbHee, qeM
3HaqeHHe H3b.HBHTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeHH.H.
. }f! 23 H. 25: BcnoMoraTeJlbHbIA JleMeHT xat He MO)KeT o y,-
CKaTbC.H B HaCTO.HmeM BpeMeHH. OpMbI 23 H 25 MorYT 3aMeH.iTbC.H
COOTBeTCTBe HHO Ha': zada xat m bodom H zada rafta xat-mebodom.
3TH nOCJleAHHe <pOpMbI MorYT ynoTpe6J1.HTbC.H 6e3 qaCTH bI Rle-,
QTO AeJiaeT }IX TO)l(AeCTBeHHbIMH <popMaM 27 M 29.
M 23 : bibi o, tok az-xaw x€sta-xat-ba a 'nocMoTpH, pe6eHoK
Y)Ke, HaBepHoe, npocHYJlC.H'; i-ra kodam xayyat doxta xat-basa 'Ka-
KoA )l(e nopTHoA CmHJI TO?'.
M 24: pais zyata-gi-ra tu geref a xit-me-rafti 'HaBepHoe, TO
TbI 6paJi JlHmHHe AeHbrH' (npHMeqaTeJlbHa 06bIqHOCTb AeAcTBH.H).
If 25: waxt-e ke Kabol bud rafiqay ar-roza dida rafta-boda
xftt-ba an-e 'KorAa 08 6bIJI B Ka6y Jle, ero npH.HTeJlH, HaBepHoe,
BHAeJiH ero Ka)KAbIA AeHb'.
If 26: ar-sat najuri- batar oda rafta-xat-me-raft 'HaBepHoe,
C Ka)KAbIM qaCOM ero COCTO.HHHe YXYAmaJlOCb'.
27.: ta tu byayi ketaba-ra aworda xat-bodan 'noKa 'i'bI nfH- '
Aemb, OHH npHHecYT KHHrH'. \
N 28,: mardom da k6<!a son-et dida xat-boran 'Ha Y JlH e JlIOAH,
HaBepHoe, Bce BpeM.H CMOTp.HT Ha Te6.H'.
» 29: roz-Sna da-s@r zoySI 's6xtanda rafta-(boda) xat-boden
'BbI, HaBepHoe, e)KeAHeBHO C)KHraeTe AeC.HTb cepOB yrJl.H'.
If 30: at-e xana az dud 'sya sQda rafta xat-bora 'nOTOJlOK,
HaBepHoe Bce 60Jlee qepHeeT OT AbIMa'.
M1f 3] - 32.: 3TH ABe <pOpMbl HMelOT B Ka6y JlH TO)KAeCTBeHHbIe
3HaqeHH.H': KaK B JlHTepaTypHOM .H3bIKe, OHM BbIpa)KalOT (OTAaJleH-
132
Hoe) 6Y.r\YInee B': xit-didi ke = xat-bebeni ke 'Tbi YBH.r\Hmb, qTO...'.
Ho c06CTBeHHO 6Y.r\ywee BpeM.H B K86y JlH '"3cer.r\a Bblpa)KaeTC.H no-
Cpe.r\CTBOM HaCTO.HInerO (M 5), 8 BcnOMOr8TeJIbROe xBt CO.r\ep)KHT
onpe.r\eJleHHYIO .r\OJlIO .COMReHH.H': inja gandom xat-bo-k&ra{ = xtt-k'st)
'3AeCb OH, BepO.HTRO, noceeT nmeHHny'.
Pe3YJlbT8T YCJlOBHR: aga bobBra tar x&t- awem 'eCJlH noA.r\eT
,lJ;O)KAb, Mbl npOMOKHeM' (OTMeTHM': ' awem, 6e3 qaCTHnbl be-, CM.
215).
M 33-37,: JI.H Bcex JlHQ, KpoMe -2-£'0 JlHn8 e.r\HRCTBeHHoro
QHCJl8, ynoTpe6 .HeTC.H COCJlara eJlbHOe RaKJlOReRHe.
M 33-: ta digar i kAla-ra ' o. ta bi 'BbicTHpaA 9TO 6eJlbe K
Beqepy' .
M 34: tu kar-et-a kada-bo-r8 'Tbi np0.r\oJl)KaA 38HHMaTbC.H CBOHM
AeJlOM' .
M 35,: ar aCta yak Casl-e Bostan-a xanda rafta-biJ 'qHTaA e)Ke,-
He.4eJlbHO no o.r\HoA r JlaBe BycTaRa'.
M 36: aw-am xanda rafta-bora 'np0.r\oJl)l(aA qHT8Tb .r\a)l(e
HOqblO J .
If 37,: bogzar 'npoxo.r\H!...' OTMeTHM': ba '6Y.r\b!' (6e3.qa-
CTHnbl 00-) J ban 'n0J10)KH!', ynoTpe6J1.HeMa.H aap.H.r\y C bo-ban H
bo-mtn (CM. j 146). KopeHb HaCTO.HInerO BpeMe8H y HeKoTopblX
rJl8rOJlOB He 0.r\HH8KOB B R8CTO.HIneM BpeMeHH H nOBeJlHTeJlb80M
H8KJlOHeHHH (CM. j S 188, 189).
1f;M 38-42': Y.r\JlHReHHe KOReqHOrO CJlora, Recymero 60Jlee
OU{YTHMoe CHJlOpOe y.r\apeRHe, OTJlHQaeT 9TH <pOpMbI OT <pOPM.
(1-1"0 JI. MH. qHCJla) 8-12 (CM. j 144-a). Mbi .r\aeM npHMepbl 1-1"0
JIHn8 e,D,HHCTBeHRoro qHCJla, r.r\e qJopMa OKOfltlaHH.H nep<peKTa (-em=
a + am) OTJlHQ8eTC.H OT <pOpMbl OKORqaRH.H npeTepHT8.
N ' 38,: Co,nep)i{HT OTTeHOK .r\JlHTeJlbROCTH .r\eAcTBHH, C6J1H)KalO'-
HA 3H8qeHHe 9TOR qJOpMbI co 3HaqeHH.HMH <pOpM 1f11f1 39, 400; ma i
kar-a tinesta bod m '11 (Bcer,na) MOl" 9TO C.r\eJlaTb'.
M 39. amesa gap-e -a qabul kada raft@m '.s Bcer.r\a corJlamaJl-
C 11 C HHM'.
1f 40: ar-r6za pura bis(t) 'safa newe ta rafta-bodem '.H e)Ke -
..
,lJ;HeBHO nHCaJi no ,lJ;Ba,lJ; aTb CTp8HHn'.
9-3 63
133
41,: r:6z-o- aw xanda rafta-raftem '.H AeHb H HOqb qHTaJi H
QHTaJl' .
1f 4 : ay-s8b-a 8'S baja x8rdem '.H n03aBTpaKaJl B meCTb qa-
COB' (CM. 208).
j 148. I1MeHHble <pOpMbI rJlaroJia
113 K 0 P H.H n peT e pH T a:
I1H<pHHHTHB za-d-an
llpHqaCTHe 6YAyrnero BpeMeHH za-d-ani
llpHqaCTHe npomeAmero BpeMeHH za-d-a
113 K 0 P H.H Hac T O.H rn e rOB p e M e H H':
llpHqaCTHe HaCTO.HrnerO Bpe eHH zan-an
WM.H Ae.H TeJI.H zan-enda
OTrJlarOJlbHOe a6CTpaKTHoe ,HM.H zan-e (HanpHMep, B':
sar-zane'
YnoTpe6J1eHHe 3THX <pOpM 6YAeT paCCMOTpeHO n03AHee (CM.
136, 156, 1f1f I-a, 19-a, 23, 24).
OTr.Jl8rO.JlbHOe a6CTpaKTHoe
HMB cYlJ..\eCTBHTe.JlbHOe
149
1. I1H<pHHHTHB ,- HaH60Jlee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHa.H <popMa OTrJla-
rOJlbHOrO a6cTpaKTHol'0 HMeHH; palidan-e tellS 'nOHCKH 30JlOTa' ,
palidan-i · nOHcKH', bar-e palidan-e '... ,nJl.H OTbICKaHH.H (qero-Jl.)'.
Mbi BCTpentM Ii PYI'Iie I}:OpMbI a6cTpaKTHOI'O IiMeHIi Ha es
( 156, 1f 22) HJlH Ha -i (T.e. npHcoeAHHeHHe 3Toro CY<P<PHKca K
«tJopMe npHqaCTH.H HJlH HMeRH .ne.HTeJl.H - ifj6, 1f 2).
r JlaroJlbHbIA KOpe Hb (HaCTO.HrnerO BpeMeHH HJlH npe'TepHTa)
ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H Y MHorHX rJlarOJlOB KaK a6cTpaKTHoe cyrnecTBH-
TeJlbHOe; 3TO Bonpoc CJlOBapHOI'O COCTaBa.. BOJlbmOe KOJlHqeCTBO
"KopHeBblx a6cTpaKTHblx HMeH" 06uapY)KHBaeTC.H He TOJlbKO H30Jl -
pOBaHHO, HO H B'KonYJI.HTHBaX ( 160) H R CJlO)KHbIX CJlOBaX '(CM.
134
167,168)': bar-am'ad 'BbJXO.Q' ynoTpe6J1.HeTCJI I'Opa3.Q0 pe)Ke,
1IeM aftaw baramad 'BOCXO,n', 'BOCTOK' H T.A. ' ,
1JacTo 6bIBaeT, qTO r JlaroJl HMeeT' o,nHoBpeMe HHO H ",KopKe-
Boe a6cTpaKTHoe HMJI", H a6cTpaKTHoe HMJI Ha -e HJI -ij 9TH qJOp-
MbJ pa3J1HqaIOTCJI 60Jlee HJlH MeBee CYIneCTB,eHHblM CMbICJlOBhIM OT-
TeHKOM': tarq 'Tpe HHa' - tarq-e' · B3PbIB'; ranj · OrOpqeHHe' -
ranj e · npeOJlTCTBHe'; saxt 'npoH3Bo.nCTBO' - 'saze · C.QeJlKa'j
enaxt '03HaKOMJleBHe' - en sa-y-i ., 3HaKO CTBO' H T..n. Toqaoe
3HaqeHHe rJlaroJla nepexo.nHT TO Ha "KopHeBoe a6CTpaKTHoe HM.H",
TO Ha HHble qJOpMbl a6CTpaKTHblX HMeH. 3TO 'OOOTOJlTeJlbCTBO BhI3bI'-
BaeT nOJlBJleHHe MH01KeCTBa CJlO)K'HbIX rJlarOJlOB': 'saze kadan" no=-
rOBapHBaTbCJI' npH sAxtan 'CTPOHTb', · .neJlaTb' H T..t(.
. KopeHb HaCTO.SlInerO .apeMeHH - KaK OTrJlarOJlbHOe a6CT-
.paKTHoe HMJI': ,9THMOJlOrHJI .nOJl)f(Ha BbIJlCHHTb, B KaKoA Mepe 3TH'
CYIneCTBHTeJlbHble npe.nmeCTBOBaJlH no BpeMeHH 'B03HHKfiOBeHHJI
COOTBeTCTBYIOInHM I'JlarOJlaM. Pa3rOBopHbli Jl3bIK nOCTOJlHHO npo-
,nOJI)f(aeT C03.naHHe HOBblX OTblMeHHbIX I'JlarOJlOB. HeKOTopbIe H3
3THX a6CTpaKTHblX HMeH'mHpOKO ynoTpe6HTeJlbHhl': tar.Ei 'CTpax' I
j8 'KHneHHe', 'for6 · npo,na)f(a', ann 'CTbI.n', z b 'YKpaweHHe' I
tarS · apanaHHe', gor z · ,6erCTBO' H T..it.
OTMeTHM CJlOBa apa6CKoro npOHCXO)K,neHHJI': ram · nOHHMaHHe'
(JIT. rahm), raxs · TaHe ' (JIT. raqs).
Y CeqeHHaJi qJopMa npHqaCTHJI MO)f(eT 'CMeJlIHBa TbCJI C "KopHe-
BblM a6CTpaKTHbIM HMeneM", npe)f(.ne Bcero'- B CJlO)f(HbIX CJlOBax.
3TO BHOBb 3aTparHBaeT Bonpoc' 9THMOJlOrHH
3. 'KopeBb npeTepHTa - KaK OTrJlaro.i!bHoe a6cTpaKTHoe HMJI,
BepOJITHO, HBJlJleTCJI 9THMOJlOrHqeCKH' "yceqeHHbIM HHqJHHHTHBOM"
(oTCeqeHHe cy«pqJHKca ,-an).
JIHWb . HeKoTopbIe a6cTpaKT H&Ie' HMeHa HMeIOT' TO )f(e 3 HaQ'eHHe ,
qTO H rJIaron: xarid C nOKynKa', 'ka t 'ceB', d6xt 'mHTbe', batt
C npoHrpblm'. .. Boo61Qe )f(e CMbICJ;lOBble OTTeHKH 6bIBaIOT cYIneCT'-
BeHHbr: amad' Henpe,nBH.neHHbIA npMe3.n', andaxt · CTpeJlb6a', gast
'pa3', da t · npO.D;OJl)f(HTeJlbHOCTb ynoTpe6J1eHHSI (aanpHMep, o.ne)f(-
,nbI) , , .kaft · 60Jlb OT YCTaJlOCTH', war-dBst · TepneHHe', sod' B03- '
MO)f(HOCTb' H T..D;.
9-4 63
135
no6y ,QHT JlbHaJi 4K>PMa
9 150
KaK H paH Y3cKHA' .H3bIK, Ka6y JJH llI'HPOKO HcnoJlb3yeT npHeM
CJlO)J(eHH.H': K6. 8wezan-kadan cooTBeTcTByeT JlT. 8wextan 'Ben:aTb',
a K6. kob dadan - JlT. (H K6.) kobindan · 3aCTaBJI.HTb 6HTb' H T.A.
Ell\e qall\e Ha6J1IOAaeTC.H ynoTpe6J1eHHe sar-e (JiT. bar = bala-y- e)
AJI.H 0603HaqeHH.H BblnOJlHeHH.H AeAcTBH.H npH nOMOll\H APyrOI'O JlHl\a:
sar-e dadom '.H 3aCTaBHJI ero AaTb', sar-et dawidom '.H 3aCTaBHJI
Te6B: 6e)l{aTb' (= daw-an-dom -et), ..sar-e kakS-y xod qabul kad . H
3aCTaBHJI CBOeI'O A.HAIO COI'J1aCHTbC.H'.
n06YAHTeJlbHblA KopeBb = KOpHIO HaCTO.Hll\eI'O BpeMeHH +
an(d/t). -an npH6aBJI.HeTC.H B Tex HaKJlOHeHH.HX H BpeMeHax.
KOTopble o6pa3YIOTC.H OT KOpH.H HaCTO.Hll\eI'O BpeMeHH, a -and/
A
ant - B HaKJlOHeHH.H H 'BpeMeHax, KOTopble 06pa3YIOTC.H OT
KOpH.H npeTepHTa (cp. 141): ras-id-an 'npH6blBaTb', ras- n-
d-an · AOCTaBJI.HTb', pas-id-an · HaAeBaTb (Ha ce6.H)' - p8 -an-d-
an C HaAeBaTb (Ha KOrO-Jl.)'., J.1MeeTC.ft: me-ras-an-om · .H AOCTaBJI.HIO';
me-ras-and-om '.H AOCTaBJI.H.n'.
113 en- (KopeHb HaCT. Bp. 'OT e tan C caAHTbC.H') BMeCTO
en-an-dan HMeeTC.H <popMa (cp. j 64) andan C Ca)KaTb": sar-e
taxt and-e · OH nocaAHJI ero Ha TpOH'.
tl TOpaB CepH.H - n06y AHTeJlbHa.H <popMa npeTepHTa - B03HH-
K8eT H3 KOpH.H npeTepHTa + t (cp. j 141), 3a KOTOpblM cJleAyeT
-and, H ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H TOJlbKO B Tex HaKJlOHeHH.HX H' BpeMeHax,
KOTopble 06pa3YJOTCB: OT KOpWi nperepHTa. no6YAHTeJlbf:lYJO <t>o (
MY npeTepHTa MorYT HMeTb JIHIllb rJlarOJIbl, tleM KopeHb npeTepHTa
OKaHtlHBaeTC.H lia cor JlaCliblM + t (-ft, -st, - t, -xt).
n06YAHTeJlbHa.H OpM8 npeTepHTa MO)J(eT HMeTb H APyrylO
OPMY (c TeM )Ke 3HaqeHHeM H ynoTpe6J1eHHeM, tlTO H nepBa.H): .KO-
peHb HaCTO.HmeI'O BpeMeHH + and.
B Ka6YJlH HMeIOTC.H n06y,nHTeJlbHble <pOPMbl, 06pa30BaHHbIe
He,naBHO, rAe KopeHb .HBJI.HeTC.H cymecTBHTeJlbHblM nepCH,nCKOI'O
fJIH apa6cKoro npOHCXO)K,neHH.H': H3 fam (J1T. fahm) - famidan
136
'nOHHMaTb' H famandan '06b.HCH.HTb"j H3 raxs - raxsidan 'Ta8 e-
BaTb' H raxsSndan '3aCTaBJI.HTb TaH eBaTb'.j H3 yalt - yaltidan
'ooPYllIHBaTbC.H' H yalt ndan '06pYllIHBaTb.'; H3 jaur 'yrHeTe-
HHe' - jau ndan ',QoCa)K,QaTb' (B TO BpeM.H aK 4>OpMbI * jauri-
dan HeT HH B JlT., 8H B K6.).
8 Ka6YJlH n06Y,QHTeJlbHa.H cpopMa HHor,Qa C03AaeTC.H TaM, r,n:e
JlHTepaTYPHbIA .H3bIK HcnoJlb3yeT I'JlarOJl, HMelOInHA TaK)Ke H Hene-
peXO,QHoe 3HaqeHHe, QTO Be,QeT TaM K ,QBYCMbICJleHROCTJt: cp. K6.
darandan 'pa3pbIBaTb', eke- tandan · pa36HBaTb', r.ne I'JlaroJi
daridan 03HaQaeT 'pa3pblBaTbC.H', B TO BpeM.H KaK B JlT. OH MO)KeT
TaK)Ke 03HaQaTb 'pa3pbIBaTb'. TO)Ke Ha6J1IO,QaeTC.H H y I'JlaroJia
eke tan.
B CJlOBapHOM cocTaBe Ks6YJlH 06HapY)KHBaIOTC.H 4>OpMbI, OT-
CYTCTBYIOInHe B JlHTepaTypHoM 181i an/181and n, .lagidan/lagSndan
H T.,n.
T a 6 JI, 1J, 1J, a 16
3aaQeHHe Hac TO.HI$ e n06Y,QHTeJlb" nperepHT n06Y,QHTeJlb- '
bpeM.H Ha.H cpopMa. Ha.H 4>opMa
aaCT. BpeMeHH npeTepHTa (KO-
(KOpe lib B.B. + peHb nperepHTa
-60) + and)
, ry JI.HTb' me-gard-om me-gard-an-om me-ga t-om me-ga t-and-om
'BCTaBaTJ1 A " A "" A me.xest-om me-xest-and-om
me-xez-om me-xez-an-om
'llIHTb' e-d e-d A " me-d6xt-om m@..d8xt-and-om
m oz-om m oz-an-om
-
I
D:: :s: I
8..-.
=0)='"'0
..Q =
'== (CU
= +
:S:as =
t::{ C)
>:a 0 ...
\0 c.. .--
OOasg.
t::
:s:
c..
0)
d'
c..
t::
.
D:: '-'
as O) ] e
:g = <as 0
& + i
c O:S: (CU
:s: ==
t::{ Q 0) (CU
-C
oo &,<cl>
t:: ='8
D:: I
D:: :s:
= 0 =
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C.)
0) as 0)
= c..
as =
o
\0 c..
000)
t:: a
8
o
I
(CU
-C
<cL
8
8
=
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ct:
<cu
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<tl>
E
8
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c..-.
<cu
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= D:: 8 9' 9 « 0 1> 0
D::
0 0) 0 N, N en
(4) <0 0 <as as
C) = (CU -C J.4 en = N
as -C «l> <th " xn )(JJ be
(Q) Q) Q)
:c W 8/ 8 8 8 8 8
8
-
0) ..Q
,....,. :s: as ..
= ..Q
0) - E-t
:a ..-...
;s- ::r D:: .. . .. :s:
- ..Q :s: t::{
..Q C) ...
;:t = E-4 E-4 ..Q 0
M :s: ..Q 0) C) E-4 ><
as 0 E-4 Q,) as 0
\0 c.. :s: 0 = =
t: :::r M =
.. Ole Ole Ole Ole Ole Ole
e-..
naCCHBHa.a llJopMa
1151
naCCHBHrl.H OpMa '06pa3yeTC.H, KaK H B 'J1HTepaTypHOM, CO-
'1eTaHHeM npHqaCTH.H npome,nmero BpeMeHH C J1HqIlblMH OpMaMH
rJlaroJla odan C CTaHOBHTbC.H'; dida odom 'MeH.SI BHAeJlH' (CM.
fi 153,' 172).
PeaJlbHOe 3Ha'leHHe nacc BHoA «t10pMbI rJly60Ko OTJlHqaeTC.H
no YHK HH OT 3Ha'leHH.H npH'IaCTH.H npome,amero BpeMeHM, pao-:
CMa TpHBaeMoro KaK npHJlaraTe.nbHoe': OT poxtan" BapHTb' - poxta
odan 'c03peTb' HJlH 'cBapHTbC.H'; OT mAndan 'KJlaCTb' - manda
' odan 'YTOMHTbC.H'. OnblT YKa3b1BaeT, KaKHe npHqaCTH.H npome,n- '
wero BpeMeHH,06pa3YIOT naccHBHYIO OPMY.
OTpHQaTeJlbHa.a 4JopMa
S 152. qacTH a na-
na- (KOTOPYIO He CJle,nyeT CMemHBaTb C n@ 'HeT' H C npe-
<pHKCOM na npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX) 06pa3yeT OTpH aTeJlbHYIO qJOPMY':
na-m@-zanom '.H He'6blO', na-xit bezanom 'BP.HA J1H .s.6y,ny 6HTb',
na-zadan 'He 6HTb'.
. .
qacTH a be- He MO)l(eT c'ocyweCTB'OBaTb C na-': be-zanom' qTo6
.H y,napHJI', HO': na-zanom '.H He y,napHJI 6b1'; be-zan '6eA!', HO': na-
zan 'He 6eA!' (3anpeTHTeJlbHa.H qaCTH a ma- J1T. He CYIneCTByeT B
K6. ).
CJlO)l(Hble BpeMeHa-: na- - nOMeInaeTC.H 06b1q.a0 B Ha'laJle
rJJarOJlbHoA OpMbI, HO'MO)l(eT BCTaBJI.HTbg.H H nepe,n ,npyrHM 3J1e-
MeHTOM CJlo)l(HoA OpMbI': OTpH aTeJlbHa.H qJopMa OT 26 Ta6J1H bI
S 147 MO)l(eT Bblpa)l(aTbC.H cJle,nYIOInHMH cnoc06aMJt: NAzada rafta
xat me-bisom, .zada N'Arafta xat m@-ba om, zada rafta NAxtt m@-
ba om, ,zada rafta xSt N'Am@-bi om. Cp. YTBep,nH eJlbHy.1O q»OPMY':
zada rafta xat me-ba on:.
Kor,na npeBep6" 06pa3yeT O,nHO eJloe C rJlarOJlbHblM KopHeM,
na- npe,nmecTByeT eMY': na:'war-da tan 'He no,nHHMaTb', .na-me-
139
war Sr-om · B. lie nOAHHMalO', nabrAmadan 'He BblXOAHTb', narii-
madan 'He cnycKaTbcB' H T.A.
nOCJleACTBRB npe HKcaQHH na- AJiB ABYCJlO)KHblX KopHeA (CM.
j 65): naJnAxtom 'B He Y3HaJl' (HH4J. ' enaxtan), natra' idom (HH4J.
tari' idan). nOBeJlHTeJlbHble CPOPMbI': na nas, .naspor, nadray, nar-
riy, nabrAy, nari-ar.
KopHR rJlarOJlOB B no6y AHTeJlbHoA 4JopMe, XOTR H SlBJlSlI()TCR
ABYCJlO)KHblMH, COCTaBJISIIOT HCKJllOqeHHe H3 9Toro n?BBHJla: na-dawA-
ndom (KpOMe Tex CJlyqaeB, KorAa KopeHb 6b1J1 ABYCJlO)KHblM AO npH-
HSiTHSI no6YAHTeJlbHOrO CY4J4JHKca -an': 'soklidan, soklandan, nasko-
lanom).
npH coeAHHeHHH rJlarOJlOB Smadan, artidan, ,andaxtan, 6morzi-
dan, HaqHHalOInHXCH C a/a, .C rJlaCHbiM 9J1eMeHTOM qaCTH bl na-
B03HHKaIOT:
a) CTSI)KeHHe (CM. l 21 : namad, naftid, nandaxt. nOBeJlHTeJlb-
Hoe HaKJlOHeHHe.: nay (K6. KpeCT.), naft, nandaz;
6) BCTaBKa nOJlyrJlaCHOrO (KaK B JlT. H no,n BJlHRHHeM JlT.)":
na-y-imorzidorr:,_ nOBeJlHTeJl.bHoe HaKJlOHeHHe.: na-y.Amorz;
B) BOOCT'aHOBJleHHe q8CTH bI be- (B nOBeJlHT. H COCJlaraT.
.HaKJI.): nabya, nabert, nebendaz, nabyamorz.
OTpH aTeJlbHaSi 4JopMa HaCTOSlll{erO BpeMeHH r JlaroJia "6bl Tb" ,
KaK H B JlT., 0603HaqaeTCSI 9THMOJlOrHqeCKH. HMeeTCR (KaK B JlT.}:
n@st-omi n st-i, - n s(t), ne'st-em, nest-en, n@st-an (cp. 145). r
CJlO)l(Hbie Jlar<>'JlbI
153 (
OAHOCJlO)KHble np'eAnO)KHble cpOpMbJ npe,nwecTBYIOT rJlarOJlb-
HOMY KOpHlO, C KOTOpblM OHH o6pa3YIOT O,nHO eJloe: dar-amadan,
far-amadan.. bar-awordan, far-awordan, war-da' tan H T.A.
,l\pyrae npeAJlOrH, cymecTBHTeJlbHble H HapeqaSl npeAweCT-
BYIOT mHpOKO ynoTpe6HTeJlbHblM rJlarOJlaM, .He CJlHBaRCb C HHMH
( 154 : yad didan 'o6yqaTb', yOd gereftan 'o6yqaTbCR', yOd
kadan 'BblY HBaTb (HaH3YCTb)', yad da tan c 3HaTb', xat yid
dBdon:-et 'BepoSiTHo, SI 1'e6R Haytly' H T.,n. To )Ke H B cJlytiaRX: pas
140
nladan 'B03BpamaTbCSI', pas gere£tan '6paTb 06paT80', pas
d&dan 'OTAaBaTb'. OTMeTHM': dar-gere£tan · 3aropaTbCSl J , .dar-d&dan
c 3a)l(Hr8Tb'.
06HapY)KHBBIOTCSI BTOpHqHble BcnOMOraTeJlbHble rJlarOJlbl, OT-
JlHqHble OT BcnOMOraTeJlbHblX B c06CTBeHHOM CMblCJle CJlOBa (CM.
9 145)': kadan 'AeJiaTb' CJle,nyeT 3a OTrJlarOJlbHblMH cymecTBHTeJlb-
HblMH npH 06pa30BaHHH n06YAHTeJlbHOA 4>OpMbI (CM. . 150}; odan
'cTaHoBHTbCSI' cJleAyeT 3a npHqaCTHeM npomeAmel'o BpeMefIH npH
06pa30BaHHH cTpaAaTeJlbHOA .4>OPMbI (CM. .9 151 ; tane'stan. 'MOqb'
TaK)Ke cJleAyeT 3a npHQaCTHeM npomeAmero BpeMeHH: amada tanes-
tan' 6blTb B C6CTOSlHHH npHATH', kada m@-tana 'OH MO)KeT CAeJlaTrb',
xit kad.a tanest 'BepoSiTHo, OH CMO)KeT CAeJlaTb', kir-kada-m8.tSna
c OH MQ)KeT pa6oTaTb', kir-kada-xat-tAnest 'B03MO)KHO, OH'cMO)KeT
..pa60TaTb' .
. .'
OT MHorHX rJlarOJlOB Sl3HK coxpaHSIeT JlHmb npHqaCTHe npo-
meAmero HJlH HaCTOSImero BpeMeHH HJlH a6cTpaKTHoe HM.H, KOTopoe
"COqeTaeTC.H" co BTOPHqHblMH BcnOMOraTeJlbHblMH rJlarOJlaMH (CM.
cnHCOK 154).
HeKoTopble rJlarOJlbl cywecTBYIOT B K6. (KaK H B JlT.) OAHO-
BpeMeHHo H B npocToA, H B CJlO)KHoA 4>opMe: 'sanje kad n = sanjidan
'paCCqHTbIBaTb', 'paraste kadan = parastidan · 060)KaTb', joJ .da-
dan = ja 6ndan 'KHn.HTHTb'.
8 Ka6y JlH ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H TOJlbKO CJlO)KHaS 4>opMa HeKoTopblX
rJlarOJlOB, KOTopble B JlHTepaTypHoM .H3blKe ynoTpe6J1.HIOTC.H napaJl-
JleJlbHO: naz kadan, asuda sodan, 8Z8r d6dan H T.A. (8 JlT., cBepx
Toro, nazidan, asudan, azordan). .
8 Ka6y JlH ynoTpe6J1.HeTC.H TOJlbKO CJlO)KHa.H 4>OpM a p.H,na APY-
rHX rJlaroJlo , y KOTOpblX B JlHTepaTypHoM .H3b1Ke npaBHJlbHOA CqH.-
TaeTC.H TOJl KO npOCTag '.4>opMa': xaw kadan 'cnaTb' (JiT. xwabidan,
pe,nKo - xwAb kardan), basta kadan · 3aKpbIBaTb', I taw dadan 'Bpa-
maTb' .
MHorAa npOCTa.H 4>opMa y)Ke aeynoTpe6HTeJlbHa Aa)Ke B JlT.,
cp. K6. parez kadan 'B03Aep)l(HBaTbC.H', ,eIa kadan · oTnycKaTb',
ekAr kadan c OXOTHTbC.H' (JlHWb B ApeBHHX KJlaCCHqeCKHX TeKCTax
MO)KHO HaATH parhextan, he' tan, ekardan).
141
KaK H B JlT., CJlO)l(HbiA rJlaroJi HMeeT HHOrAa HHoe 3HatleHHe,
He)l(eJiH COOTBeTCTBYlOlI{aSi eMY npOCTaSi opMa, eCJlH 'OTrJlarOJlb-
HOe CYlQeCTBHTeJlbHOe, BXOASllQee B cotieTaHHe, HMeeT oco6HA
CMblCJt: B Ka6YJlH, KaK H B JlHTepaTypHOM, ynoTpe6J1S1eTCSI sfixtan
· AeJlaTb', HO size kadan C AoroBapHBaTbcSI'. '8 Ka6Y H ynoTpe6-
JlSleTCSI Iambidan c 06PywHBaTbcSI' H lam-dadan · BblTSlrHBaTbCSI'
H T.A.
8 HeKoTopblX cJlytlaSix K6. HCnOJlb3yeT TOJlbKO CJlO)KHyIO op-
MY rJlarOJla, HO B 3HaQeHHH, OTJlHtlHOM OT 3HatleHHSI npocToA 4Jop-
Mbi JlT..:' ' 6r xordan 'ABHraTbCSI' (JiT. 6ridan · BOCCTaBaTb'),
kiye t kadan · tlaXHYTb' (JiT. kasta · YMeHbwaTbCSI') H T.,n.
3AeCb TaK)Ke cJleAyer COCJlaTbCSI Ha CJlOBapHblA COCTaB Ka-
6YJlH. He06xOAHMO OTMe'fHTb, 'ITO 3aMeHa npOCTblX rJlarOJlOB .
CJlO)KHblMH, HatlaJlO KOTOpoA 6bIAO nOJlO)KeHO B nepCHACKOM JlHTe-
paTypHOM Sl3bIKe, nOJlYtlHJla eme 60JlbliIee pacnpOCTpaHeHHe B
Sl3blKe pa3'rOBopHOM': CJlO)KHble rJlarOJlbI BbiTeCHSIIOT 3AeCb npo-
CTble.
COHCOK r.Jl8rQJlOB
154
"3 9Toro cnHCKa HCKJllOtleHbI rJlaroJibi Ka6YJlH, KOpHH KO-
TOpblX He 06HapY)KHBaIOTCSI B JlHTepaTypHOM B3b1Ke H KOTopble
,nOJl)KHbI paCCMaTpHBaTbCH B CBH3H CO CJlOBapHblM COCTaBot.:! Ka-
6YJlH - 3a HCKJllOtleHHeM, o,nHaKO, rJlarOJlOB, HMelOlQHX 60JlbWOe
npaKTHtieCKOe 3H8t1eHHe.
no C006pa)KeHHHM npaKTH1IeCKOrO y AOOOTBa, Mbi npHMeM
aJl4>aBHTHbIA nopSiAOK.
HHgJUHUt/I,U6W U gJOpMW n06eJl.Ut/I,eJl'bHOf,0 Ha"JlOHeHUJI
npoct/l,""x f,Jlaf, 0/106
MH4JHHHTHB n03BOJIBeT BblHBHTb KopeHb npeTepHTa, H3 KO-
Toporo 06pa3YlOTCB KaK npHtiaCTHe npowe,nmero BpeMeHH (H, cJle-
]42
AOBaTeJlbHO, BCe CJlO)KHble BpeMeHa), T8K H OpOCTble cl»OpMbI ope-
TepHTa, HMnepcl»eKTa, Ay6HTaTHBa 6YAYIQerO BpeMeHH H nepcl»eKTa
(CM. Ta6J1. 147).
2,-e ,JlH O nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeHHSI n03BOJISIeT HaM BblSI-
BHTb KopeHb HaCTOSlIQerO BpeMeHH H 06pa30BBTb npOCTYIO cl»OPMY
HaCTOSlIQerO BpeMeHH H COCJlaraTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeBHSI.
KopeHb, cBoAcTBeSHblA SaCTOSlII(eMY BpeMeHH, AaH B Tex
cJlyqaSlx., rAe OH cl»oHeTHqeCKH OTJlHQaeTCSI (CM. i 14}) OT cl»OPMbI,
Ha6J1IOAaeMOA B nOBeJlHTeJlbHOM HaKJlOHeRHH.
r JlarOJlbl, HMelOIQHe OAHY n06y AHTeJlbHYIO cl»OPMY, 06pa3ye- .
A
MYIO npHcoeAHHeHHeM cycI»ct:'HKca -an- K KOpHIO HaCTOSlIQerO BpeMe-
HH (CM. 150), nOMeqeHbI 3HaKOM "I cI»". (T.e. "oAHa cl»opMa")
rJlarOJlbl, HMeIOIQHe, KpoMe Toro, BTOpylO n06YAHTeJlbHYIO cl»OPMY,
B ,nocTaTOqHOA CTeneHH ynoTpe6HTeJlbHYIO (CM. 150), nOMeqe-
HbI ::JHaKOM "2 cI»." (T.e. "ABe cl»OPMbI"). '
T a 6,)1 U f4 a 18
MH4>HHHTHB nOBeJlHT. HaCTOJlIQee no6YAHT.
HaKJlOHeHHe BpeMJI cl»opMa
aftidan ' naAaTb' beft meftom
andaxtan '6pocaTb' , bendiz mendazom
amadan 'npHxoAHTb' bya "
myayom
awordan 'npHHocHTb' byar my&rom H
afaridan 'C03naBa Tb' T. A.
amorzidan 'noM HJlOBa Tt:1 byamorz
bax idan ',napHTb' bo-bax
baftan 'TKaTb' bo-baf 1 cI» .
-"-
b5xtan 'npOHrpbl- ba-baz 1 cI» .
BaTb
bodan/bu- '6blTb' ba"s as torn
dan
boridan 'pe3aTb' bo-bar
bordan 'ReCTH' bo-bar
akidan 'KanaTb' be-<!ak I
aridan 'naCTHCb ' be- ar 1 4>.
143
n 'P 0 i) 0/1. e HUe m a 6 /I" 18
" HiP H H T H B nOBeJlHT. HaCTORInee no6y,nHT.
HaKJlOHeHHe BpeMR 4>opMa
8"spidan 'npHJlHna Tt/ be-<!asp 1 cl».
8" idan ' 'npo6oBaTb' be- a 1 cl».
endan 'co6HpaTb' be- i/bi- i me- enom
o idan 'cocaTb' bo<o 1 cl» .
dari dan 'pa3phIBaTb- be-dar 1 cl».
CR' \
dawidan '6e>KaTb' be-daw /bo- m@-dawom/
d6/beddaw meddawom 1 cl» .
didan ',naBaTb' be-te/be-te
(COCJl.
be-tom)
danestan '3HaTb' be-dan 1 cl» .
da tan 'HMeTb' (da ta ba )
do idan ',n OHTb' bo-do
d6xtan 'WHTb' bo-doz 2 cl».
didan 'BH,neTb' be-bi/bi-bi me-benom
famidan 'noHHMaTb' bo-fam 1 4>.
fOrOxtan 'npo,naBaTb' bofro's 2 cl».
ga tan 'BpaInaTbCR' be-gard 2 cl».
gazidan 'KycaTb' be-gaz
gereftan '6paTb' be-gi/bi-gi me-gerom
goftan 'roBopHTb' bo-go "
me-gom
go xtan/ 'y6eraTb' bogrez/bog-
A 1 4>.
goroxtan roz
goza tan 'npoxo,nHTb' bogzar/beg- 2 cl» .
zar
yaltidan '06pywHBaTb- be-yalt 1 4>.
CR'
yorridan 'pblQa Tb' bo-yor "
me- yo ITa
j awidan ')KeBa Tb' be-j aw
144
n p 0 00]1 e HUe m a 6 ]I" 18
--
MH«pHHHTHB nOBeJlHT. HaCTO.Hmee .no6y,nHT.
HaKJlOHeHHe BpeM.H «popMa
jombidan ',nBHraTbC.H' bo-jomb 1 4>.
j6 idan 'KHneTb' bo-j 5 1 4>.
kadan ',neJlaTb' . bo-ku me-konom 1 «p e.
kafi"dan ' Jlona TbC.H' be-kaf
k8' idan 'BhIHHMaTb' be-ka"J
k3ftan/ka- 'KonaTb' be-:.kaw .
widan
kastan/ke- ,'Ce.HTb' be-kar lbo-kir
. tan
ko. tan 'y6HBaTb' bo-ko
kaftan 'cTyqaTb' bo-kab 2-«p.
lambidan 'o6pYlIlf- be-lamb 1 «P.
BaTbC.H'
langidan ,xPoMaTb' be-lang
larzidan ',np0)KaTb' be-larz 1 . «P.
lax idan 'CKOJlb3HTb' belax 1<l\
lesidan 'JlH3aTb' be-les 2 «p.
161idan 'KaTHTbC.H' bo-l81 1 «P.
malidan ,TepeTb' bo-mal
mandan 'KJlacTb' ban lbo-ban m@-m nom
,
'OCTaBJI.HTb' , (COCJI.
'noxo,nHTb' banom
bo-banom)
mordan ' MHpaTb' bo-mor
nAlidan 'cToHaTb J be-nal 1 «p.
n6 idan ,nHTb' bo-nos 1 «P.
paridan ' JleraTb' bo-par 1 «p.
paIidan 'HcKaTb' bo-pa I
payidan ,OCTaBaTbC.H' b<rpay
pecidan ,3aBOpaQH- be-pe 1. «p.
BaTbC.H' -
10-63
145
IJ'p 0 00 JI'M e!'"U e II {J 6 JI. 18
HR«PHRHTHB nOBe.nHTeJlbHOe -HaCTOBinOO n06YA HT e!
HaKJlOBeRHe BpeM.B cpopMa
porsidao -'cnpamHBaTJI' bo-pors
poxtan ' apHTh' ' bo-paz
pttJidan 'uaAeBa TJ:1 bo-p8 1 ;..
raftao 'HnTH ' ho-r6 me-rom
ranjidan '06H>K8TbCB' be-ranj 1 cp.
rasidan AocTHraTb' be-ra"s 1 .
raxsidan ' Ta eBaTb' be-raxs 1 41.
re tan 'DP.HCTb' be-r@!/be-res
rextan ' JlHTb' be-rez 2 .
'sanji-dao' 'paCC'IHTbI- be-'sanj
BaTb'
'saxtao 'CTpOHTb · be-saz
S&yidan 'TOJlOqb · be-say
soklidan 'pBaTbcB' bo'skol 1 <I» .
(JiT. gos-
lida )
'sopordan' 'BpyqaTb' o'spar(bo'spor)
besp ar
A 'I' peTb ' bo-sOz 2 .
.soxtan-
'lannidan 'CTliAHTbCB' be- ann 1 $. .,
-, Ihdan 'Ca)f(BTbJ. be- .,.
.san
!aqidan 'Teperb' b,e'!aq/ belaq 1 q..
.
senaxtan 'Y3BaB8Tb' be!nas/be'AJ1fi'! 2 tlJ.
!eplidao 'BbI)KHMa Tt1 be!pel
,
(6eJlbe)
_ eltan 'caAHTbCg' bi-Ai me-' enom
- dan . 'cTaBOBHTb- Ao(cOCJl. sawom) m@.; om
ca', 'A&
Jla TbC.H J
-Jokohan 'pacQBeT8Tb' bo!kof 1 4>.
14ti.
n,.oOOAse".e fUJ6J1. 18
a
J1U HBHTJfB nOBeJlHTeJlbBCB HaCTOBlI1ee D06YAH-:f,ti
IUlKJlOBeHHe 8peMJI 41opM8
"Ionidan . 'c.nhlmaTtl belnaw "
(n06ya. :iena-
windaD)
!altan 'MbtTb' bo-JOy I 4».
tafs.idan cB8rpesaTb-c ' be-tafs
.....-
takidan · 06 phi B8TbCJI , -
be-tak ] :
talbi-stan 'Tpe6oBaTtl be-talb
.:
t&nestan 'MOQb' be-tan
.
tapidan 'TpeneT8Tb' - be-tap 1 cI».
tarAAidan 'CKOOJlBTh' betril
tarqidan 'JlODaTbCS' bettarq/be-tarq 1, 4».
tarsidan -oOBTbCB be-tars 1
xalidan 'BOB3aTbCB' he-xal 1 4».
xarB idan 'OKpecTH. bexri 1 4» .
xaridan 'DoKyuaTb' be-xar
xawidan · JlO]((HTbCB H8 be-xaw
JIOnaTKH 1 cp.
xAndan 'Derb' 'QHTaTb' bo-xan/ e-xan
, ,
xlridan 'Q8panaTtl e-xir/bo-xar
xi'stan 'xoTeTb' be-xay /bo-xay m xayoni
(6YA.Ay6HT.
A A )
xat xaston:
xayidan ::r B8Tb ' bo-xay/b xay
" 'B T8BaTb' be x@(z) " 1 ctJ.
xestan me-xezom
xosp.idan ' BbITHrHBaTbC.H' "
me-xospom
xo rd an 'ecTb' ,.' " I 4>.
be-xo me-xorom
yAftan 'HaxoAHfb' byaf myafom
zadan '6HTb' be-zan
z yidan 'po>Ka 1'b' be-zay I cp.
zebidan '6b1Tb Kpac - be-zeb
BbI 1 '
-
10-2 63
147
t:S
..
;s
\c:)
t:S
E-4
<;:)
\c:)
Q"
Q"
I:
::t
Z
;II:
<;:)
t:S
Z
<;:)
Z
rG:J
E
;S
<;:)
I:
;S
;S
E
;S
z
;S
Z
CD
CD e
= 0
:i s... e e e
(as E3 e E3
0 CD 0 0 e
E-4 0 ( e
C,,) tQ as as >-. (as (
'" s... s... (as s... s... c.f::
:c . "'0
(OJ OJ OJ OJ OJ OJ OJ
e E3 e e 8 E3 8
CD
0
== CD
.c :s:
=: =
Q) CD
E-t = s...
:s: 0 as
=: =: \ s... s... s...
CD ! <as cas (as (as <as <CU
tQ L s!. l.
0 as as as as as as as
t:: "'C c.... "'C c....
CD
0
=
.c CD
=: :s: e
CD == 8 8
E-4 CD 0 e e e e
'" = ca 0 0 0 0 o. 0
'- 0 "'C < ' s... s... s...
c:d =: cas cas cas cas <as
e::; i- t L l.
C,,) '" as as as as as t.!
0 == "'C c.... "'C
t.)
..
-.c .. C,,) .. --.
E-4 .c .c .c .. .c
E-4 -.c E-4 E-4 .c E-4
'" :s: E-t '" :s: E-t '"
:i t:{ :I CJ :s:
tQ :a 0 t:{ CJ 0 0 0
:s: t:{ >< 0 :r: 0
E-t 0 :is >< c. :is :r: t::
I:: CQ CQ Q tQ tQ 0
:s: .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
:r:
:s:
-&
:c
:s: c a
c c c c as a
as as as as
... "'C "'0 "'C
I(IJ as as as. 0 0
(as (i Ji
1 cas (as as
! L
as as as as as as as
"'0 "'C c....
n p H M e p b1 C O)l(Bh1X rJl8rO.lOB C 1'Jl.8rOJlOM K'A D'A N (cp. 15U)
C npHqaCTHeM npomeAmero apeMen: 1m6xta kadan · nplfYqaTb' ,
iluda k. .. naQK8Tb' ba'sta k. · 38KphlB8Tb' (npHqaCTlfe npomeAlllero
opeMeHH B 3HaQeHHH npHJlar8T.eJlbHoro)
,. A"
C npHQ8CTHeM 88CTOJUnero apeMeHH: awezan k. 'Bern8Tb',
(npKQaCTHe HaCTOBtnero BpeMeHH B 3HaQeRHH npHJl8r8TeJlbHoro)
A A
geryan k. 'DJl8K8Tb", porsan k. 'cnpaWHB8Tb' (npHtlaCTHe Ra-
CTOBInerO BpeMeSH B 3HaqeHHH CYIneCTBHTeJlb80ro).
C aOOTp8KTHhlMH CYlQeCTBHTeJlbRhlWi sa eJI: irSye.J k. "YKpa-
maTb', .Gzmaye k. 'HcnblTblBaTb', 'bax e k. ., .naPHTb', .n81e k.
'CTOH8Tb', paraste k. cnOKJlOHBTbCB', .parware' k. "YX8]1(JlB8'1'b',
sanje'A k. ' H3YQ8Tb'.
C CYIneCTBHTeJlbRblM - B JlT. Kopeab a8CTOBInerO apeMeBIt:
iga k. 'onOBeIQ8Tb', ..Sram k. 'OTAblX8Tb', ,band,k. .c38KPHsa,.b',
buy k. 'BIOX8Tb', . B k. 'COC8Tb',girk. 'xBa'-8Tb', gozArk.
'6pocaTb' (K6.KpecT.). ka k. 'TJlBYTb', naz k. "Kanp.sBII'I8Tb.', '
n6' k. "nHTb', p@wand k. 'qHHMTb', ram k. ..y6eraTb', , ekaf k.
'npOTbIKa'Tb', ' omSr k. "C'IHTaTb', xaw k. "cn8Tb', xoA k. 'BhI-
oMpaTb'.
C pa3J1HtlHhlMM HMeHRbIMK CPOPMaM":, ai k. 'nporORJlTb', bizi k.
cMf'paTb', .b8sa k. 'QeJlOBaTb', dozi 'k. 'Kpac b', .gerya k. .'OJl8..
KaTb', gOl k. 'c.nymaTb', masti k. '.rp8Tb' (KpeCT. Ko.),'oega 'k.
'coxpaIUlTb', 'pardlxt k. '6epeQb', .pina k. ".laT8Tb', ,'.sai(r) k.=
tam k. 'CMOTpeTb', -s@r k. . '.H8CblTXTbCB', .t@r k. "RposO.QH'f'b',
xanda k. 'CMeBTbCH',. zendagi k. '.IITb', 'rid k. ' yqHTb (a8-
H3YCTb)' .
)
C rJlaro 'oM S OD'AN (cp. j 151)
C npBqaCTHeM QpomeAmero BpeMeRJf afsorda .!. 'rpYC"' h',
oxta . cn\'MBbl.KaTb'. sud'l E. - 'ycnoKaIlB8TbC_.B.'. est da l.
, . . ".
OCTal1aBJlIfB8TbClI'. farsuda s. .'ycTa-pe aTb'.
.C M eRHhlM.H «pOpM8MIt: pewand , . 'npacoeAKWlTbcB' I ,s r . .
'HacbITHTbC ', t@r A. & npoxOAJITb'.
10--3 63
149
C aABep6HaJlbHbIMH cpOpMaMJt: bila -A. ., nOAHHMaTbcSI', .dur . . '
, YAaJlSlTbCa', .nezdik ' . · npH6,J1H)KaTbCSI', . tft . . ., coycKaTbCSI'. .
C r J1arOJlOM D 'A D 'A N
izlr d. :'MyqJtTb', ,k8b d. "6HTb', Ipa d. 'OOCblD8Tb', .yad d.
'ooyqaTb', .dar d. "3a)KHrBTb', lam d. 'onHpaTbCSI', .taw d. "spa-
InaTb' .
C r J1arOJlOM 'G ERE.F T ,A N
"'"
\
dar g. "38I"OpaTbCSI', .g6 g. 'CJlymaTb', ,yid g. "BblyqHBaTb',
, 3anOMHH8Tb'. '
C r JlarOJlOM ,Z IA D IA N
ciq z., 'KpHtlaTb', gap z., "pa3roBapHBaTb', .jast z. "OPhl-
raTb', de'st z. ' TporaTb', }Or z.' · pblqaTb', .18f z. ., xBaCTaTbC,H'.
pyrHe rJlarOJlbl
xeraman raftan · BaX<HHqaTb', - J1T. xerimidan, :ser amadan
(az) , npeCblTHTbCSI qeM-J1.", xo amadan (kas-e ra) C HpaBHTbCSI' ,
xo$ d&stan=d8s(t) diAtan' J1IOOHTb', .pana beman · cKpblBaTbcSI',
sor x8rdan ' meBeJlHTbC.s' .
" eHHoe ({JtoBoo6p830BaHHe
155
BOJlee IIJlH Me Bee no.npOOHoe paCCMOTpeHHe HMeHHO O CJlOBO-
oopa30BaHWI, ocy eCTBJlSleMOro nYTeM pa3JlHqHbIX npHeMOB AepH'.
BanHJf H CJlOBOCJlox<eHHSI, Mox<eT ObITb BeCbMa nOKa'3aTeJl.bHO B oOJla-
CTH nepclI,ncKoA AHaJleKTOJlOrHH. 3,neCb MbJ. npOBeAeM aHaJlH3 OOJlb-
1lIoro KOJlHqeC'J'Ba q>aKTOB, KOTopbIe Mbi MOI'J1H Obi pacnpe,neJlHTb no
pa3,neJlatd npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX, aapetlHii H rJlarOJlOB. J1cKJllOtleHHe
HX H3 9THX pa3,neJlOB BO M,HorOM ynpo aeT npe,nweCTBYIOIUYIO
Mop OnOrHqeCKYIO'qaCTb.
150
He cJleAyeT H3 3TOrO AeJla'Tb BhlBOA, qTO Bce aKTbI, KacalO-"
HeCJ( 06pa30BaHHJI H ell, paccMaTpHB8IOTCJI HC"KJllOqHTeJlbBo B
9TOM ,pa3AeJle': B. KaqeCTB opHMapa MO)KBO opHBecTH CYcM»lIKc
" .
-om nOpJl,QKOBbiX qHCJlHTeJl.bRhlX H CY"HKC -tar .cpaBBHTeJlbHOA
cTene , KOTopble Y)Ke OhIJiH paccMoTpeBbl paHee.
O,QHaKO pa3AeJi CO ep)K.T C)J(aToe OOBTopeBHe 60JlbmOl"0 KO-
JIlfqeC Ba Mopcl)oJlOrHqeCKHX ct»aKTOB H, KpOM8 Toro, DOArOTaBJlII-
Bae! Hac K paCCMOTpeHHIO CJlOBapaOI"O COCTaBa Ka6YJ1M.
3TH co06pax<eHMJI n06YAHJlH Hac AaTb MHO)KeCTBO opHMepOB
,nJl.H HJlJlIOCTpaQHH ct»aKTOB, npe)KAe Bcero Tex, KOTopble HMelOT cne-
QHcpHileCKHe OTJlHqU OT 'OpM J1HTepaTypHoro .H3bJKa.
BoraTCTBO CJlOBapHOI"O cocT8Ba pa31"0BOpROl"0 Jl3b1Ka B 3Ha.-
QHTeJlI:»HOA CTeneHH OOYCJlOBJleHO MHOI'OqHCJleHHOCTbIO 'npHeMOB
CJloBo06pa30BaHH.H, KOTopble Mbi c06HpaeMC.H paCCMaTpHBaTb': H3
gadi c RH HA' o6pa3yeTC.H gadS-rei I HH eHCTBo' J rKOTOpoe AaeT
gadiyi...gar 'HH HA' (OTKY Aa, ,naJlee, gadayi-gari C HH eHCTBO') J
gadayi-kadan-wal& I HHInHA', H T.A.
He06xoAHMO no,nqepKHYTb Ba)KHOCTb Cy,cpHKca a6CTpaKTHbiX
CYll1eCTBHTeJlbHbIX .-i/-gi. . BbiBaeT TaK, qTO B .H3b1Ke ynoTpe6J1.ReT
C.H J1HWb aocTpaKTHoe npOH3BOAHoe CJlOBO, B TO BpeMJI KaK HCXOA-
Hoe (primiti£) CJlOBO HeynoTpe6KTe.nbHO: kAla- 6y-i I CTHpKB' J 'a\va-
xor-i (nHChM. J1T. hawa-xwor-i) I nporYJlKa', ,ra-dar-i C cJlY)K6a AO-
pO)KHOI"O KORTPOJl.H' H T.A.
HeKOTopble CJlOBa, aHaJlH3HpyeMbie B 9TOM pa3AeJle, MOI'J1H
6bI paCCMaTpHBaTbC.H KaK B pa3,neJle DpO.3BOAHblX CJiOB, TaK If
B pa3,neJle CJlO)KHbIX': TaKOBbi. HanplfMep, CJlOXHble CJlOBa, BTOpoA
lit
9J1eMeHT KOTOpblX MO)KeT paCQeHHBaTbC.H. H KaK CycpCPHKC: xaza-
na-dar c Ka3 j; eA', paira-d r C CTOpO)K', npHJlaraTeJlbHOe xabar-
A "
dar C aaCTOpo eHHhlM' Ii, T.A.
Mbi paCCMOTpHM CycpcpHKCbI, ")KHBbIe" B KaoYJlH. HeKoTopble
CY<P«PHKCbI (Ha KOTopble MbI 6y,neM YKa3b1BaTb no Mepe Toro, KaK
6y,neM C HHMH CTaJlKHBaTbC.H), He HCnOJlb3yeMbie 60Jlee AJlJI HOBO-
06pa30BaHHA, MOI"YT paCCMaTpHBaTbC.H KaK ")KHBble J1HWb YCJlOBHOj
TeM He MeHee, OHH "o ymaIOTC.H" KaK Cycp'HKCbI. 06J1aCTb eACT'-
BH.H APYI"HX, 60Jlee ")KHBblX" CycpcpHKCOB, npOAOJl)KaeT paCmHp.HTb-
10-4 63
151
C.B. nQ3T0MY BCerAa Ba)J(BO 06pa aTbC.R K .B3b1KOBOA ynoTpe6HTeJlb-
HOOT., q'lOObi BbI.BCBltTb, B KaKOI Mepe TOT lUll .BoA cyctJq,IIKC JIB-
JUI eTCJI )K liB hiM .
Cy4»t_KCHI pe.QKO ynoTpe6J1TeJlbRble, TaKH KaK aanpHMep,
,-(i) yat (apa6.) B nepclI.QCKJlX CJlOBaX ( _YJlbr. xoAyat 'pa3Apa...
, '
TeJlhllOOTb), He ynoMHHaIOTC.B.
Mhi Be 6Y.QeM paCCM.aTpHBaTb CYtP«PHKCiaI, KOTOpHe .l(a)le He
OlQymaKWCJI S3b1KOBillM C03BBBlleM: arz-8n & ,noporoA' , xors-and
, o80JlhHIJII' H T. . 3TO OTHOCHTC.B K 06J1aCTH 9THMOJlOI'HH e lbI He
M )KeM, C .npyroA'.CTOpOIIhI, paCCMOTpeTb Bee CycpqmKChl, "OInymae-
Mble" B .H3h1Ke: YUOTpe6JlesJIe HeKOTophiX .3 H.X BeCbM 8 orp8R11-
qeRBO: del 'cep et - deler · Xpa6phl.., r<!arb ')I(KPIIIIIA' - arbu
')I(HP', .ka (KopeHb rJlaroJia "BhlTacKHBaTb") - ka al '.nJlHBBhll',
'TJlI'yqd'; domb ' XBOOT' - domb!l · 38AHd', moz(d) 'ODJlaT8'-
mozdur 'no,neBDUlK'"ranj '3Jlo'-ranjur ')K8J1Kd', jol 'OOOOHa'-
jolombor ' cTep38HBb1A', lok · TOJlCT&lA' - lokondor 'TOJlCT.HK J It
T..n. OTMeTHM Ha3BaHHe, ,nepeBRH 'Sanglaq (.IT. sang-lax' K8MeHH-
CTa.B nO'lB8')
ley (J (J 11 " C a II 11 II 111 e n p 0 U !J (J 0 0 H wee ,./I 0 6 a
156. »t: -i}.y-i
11pHJlaraTeJlbHbIe, 0603HaqalOIQHe BeIneCTBO": sangi 'KaMen-
RbIH', x8ki '3eMJlBBOii', qayazi '6YMa)l(HhlA', qetta-y-i 'KapToH-
Hblit', ,8.ini '>KeJle3Hh1A', 'messi · MeABhlA' H T..n.
YKa3HBalO-IQHe MeCTOHBXO& eKHe: zamini '3eMHOi', asmini
'He6ecH&lA", tA-degi:' (pRC) H8 ,ase K8CTPIOJlH'.
YK83b1BaIOInHe npoJICxoJ(AellJle: kaboli 'Ka6YJlbCKHi', la mani
'H3 JIarMasa', torki 'TYpe KItA', irani 'UpaHCKJdi'. 'J1.3 3BYKonOA-
pa_UeJibBOrO CJlOBa. yo - yo (3BYK, H3AaB8eMh1A nTII aMH) -
yo yo i 'J1aCTOtlK8'.
BpeMeHHa.H COOTHOCHMOCTb': emr6zi C cero,nH.BWBd', pagiyi
C YTpeHHHA', begayi 'BetlepHHA'; COOOTBeHBOCTb': pa ayi · KOpo-
.lescKHA', .sark8ri kumati 'rocYA8pcTBeHHbIA', xoda-y-i '60)l(HA'.
152
KOJlHQeOTBeHB83 QeHBOCT : paini-s ri C BeCSIQ" D.sTb cepos',
nim-seri , BeC3IQ)lA DOJI-Cepa', :do-gazi "AJlJlBOA B ABa r83a' (ras-
ApeBR.1UI Mepa.AUIIW B 106 OM). ,yak 'slti 'oARoqaeoBoI' (a TaK)le,
aaopJIMep, 'sang-e pawi ' KaMe,-cJly.aIlUtA B Kaqec-rBe rKp. B
1 nay') It T.A.
1JHCJlOB8S1 eBBOCThJ: du-y i C ABOiBOA' (qiJaz-e du-y-i 'ae-
cllraaqu B.ABa a4arallll'), do-t a..y-i ' DO a' (xaae dot&yi omi
, AOM C .QByMJI OK.....', do-ta.y-i t '..1m 'leplMttt; 00tS1i bet
, AaA no ABa'), I j6ra-y-i ' naplllJli' (nau-e j8ra-y--i ABOABOti xJle6')
H T-A.
C YK838Te.lbBHMH cpopMaMJt: ioja-y-i '3,QellllJli', unja-y-i
'TaMomllill', u waxti 'Tor,namBIII-" eqqa-y-i 'THoro KOJlJl1l8C1'-
Ba'.
C BODpOCIfTeJlbBIJIM. «;OPM8MII': kojA-y-i 'OTKYAa (pO.QOM)?',
eqqa-y-i · KaKoro KOJlJf1leCTBa?', otari C KaKol?', andi · CKOJlb-
KO?'"
0603HattalOIQHe CXO.QCTBO: palangi 'noJlocaTblA', mory-e
kolangi · 60eBOH neTYx'" g8spandi ' nocJlywRhli'.
Ha3S8BJrUI QBe OB: n8renj.i · opalD(eBhli', j.egari 'nyHQOBblA
(QBeTa ne.qeHII),', naswari ' KOpHqaeBblA' (QBeTa )l(eBaTeJlbHoro Ta-
6aKa)', ,yasamandi t HO.DeTOSblH (n SeTa CHpe 811)', ir ayi 'p03O-
Bbli (nBeT8 qa.s C MOJIOKOM)', xonnayi 'KOpH'IHeBblH ( BeTa cyme-
BhlX «It.HIIKOB)',' feroza-y-i '611p1O blA', laj awardi - QBeTa .u-
nJIC. a3ypli.
060 RaqalOlQlIe pa3J11f'111b1e OTHOJUeHM3': Ar-payi (6YKB. '0
qe'l'HpeX 8erax ), 'KpoB8Th (c. BepeBOq)lWM MaT paQ8 M)', sepa..,.i
'BOIIII', ,kababi 'DpOA8Be m8.lllJlbIKa', .t!elami 'KYPilJlb.U Ka.lb»-
Ha', . segreti 'KYpmQ_Jdi CHrBpeTbI' I arahi 'nb.sB14 a' J :xuni ' yod-
Qa J. OTMeTHM TaUUi : taw-l za-y-i '60JlbHOii JIHXopa oA', kBkera-
y-i '6o o. Tp8%OMOA" J kamari qe.lOBeK, Y KOToporo 60JlbBhl
nOUN', jangi 031181188'1' c€>Qed', ICM It',.a Ta e 'noccoplIB-
WHACJI (c KeM-Jl.)', .cAr-yan 'OTBOC.s.dcB K QMblpeM anOCTOJI8M
(CYHHHT8.M)', ,mam-eqi 'BOC OqBa.B' (KMeeTCB 8 BHA)' welayat-e
'npoBHH HB') CTapoe H8.3SaBHe npOBJlBIVIH HHRrapXap'j 'bestari
'60JIbHOI (B nOCTe JI)', e r-e t@li 'Kepoc HHOBaJI JIaMDa', dest-
15:i
o-pSy-i. 'RaXO.Q'lHBhlA', '.Cp. dest-o-pAy kadan 'BblXO Tb H3' OOJlO>K&-
>KeHHB' .
CY4JcI1IfKC i 0pHCOeAHlUleYCB K HMeHBhlM rpynoaM': yak 'slt i
'lIacoBoA' .(T.e. npo.QO.D(aIOIItHlcB.O.QHH qac).
If I-a': i"y-i. .ToT >Ke Cy4J4JIIKC, npHcoeAHIUIBcb.K HH4JJfHHTH-
BY, AaeT 4JO MY, KOTOpa.H Ba3b1BaeTCB "npHqaCTH oy AYIQerO ape-
MeHH" .
B naCCHBHOM 3Baqe8HH' x8rdani 'C'be.nooHblA', .p6 idani
'npHrOAHblA 'A.DB HOCKH', .s8xtani 'TO, qTO cJleAy8T 'DOCTpOHTb',
xorandani 'TOT, KorO cJleAyeT HaKopM HTb' . ----
. B aKTHBHOM 3HaqeHHJt: x8rdani 'TOT, KTO OOB3aH C'beCTb',
p8!idani 'TOT, KTO OOB 38H HOCHTb', sixtani '.TOT, KTO OOB3aH
OOCTpOHTb', xorAndani "TOT, KTO OO.H3aB HaKopMHTb' H T.A.
HH4JHHHTHBbI HenepeXOAHblX l"J1arOJlOB.: m6tdani 'YMitpaIO-
IQHA' (4JHl"ypaJlb O: 'TIQeAYWHblA'), aftidani 'TOT, KTO AOJDKeB
ynacTb' H'T.A.
CM. t189 (83HaqeHHH 'KaK TOJlbKO'): .;ar mrdani ke 'KaK
TOJlbKO 08 noweBeJ1HTCB.J.', · B MI"80Be8He OKa'.
If 2,: i/-yi - 4JopMa aocTpaKTHbix CYIneBTBHTeJlbHbIX. npH-
COeAHHJleTCJI K npHJlaraTeJlbHoMY': xubi 'A06po', badi '3J10',
, 3J10', 'syi-y-i 'qepHOTa', safedi 'OeJlH3Ha J, pin 'c-rapocTb',
jwSni 'MOJlO OCTb', xordi 'MaJl8J1" BeJlHqHHa', kalani 'BeJlHqHHa',
kami 'HexB8TKa',.zyati '06HJlHe'"a's5ni 'J1eI"KOCTb', saxti 'TPYA-
HOCTb', .ro' ani 'CBeT', tareki 'TeMHOTa', 'sar-pAyRni 'cnYCK',
sar-bAli-y-i 'noAbeM', .-swari 'naCCa>KHp aBTOMOO J1B' HAP.
-i , npHCOeAHH.HJlCb K CYIneCTBHTeJlbHO Y, 06pa3yeT npHJlara-
TeJlbHoe: d8sti 'APY}K6a', do mani 'Bpa}KAa', yan 'nOMOlnb',
dozi 'Kpa)((a', xari 'rJlynocTh', o toki 'AeTCTBO', .aw-x@zi 'Ha-
BOAHeHHe' H T..n.
3TOT Cy<P<PHKC MO}KeT 06p830BblBaTb aOCTpaKTHbIe CYIneCTBH-
TeJlbHble H3 npHJlaraTeJlb8b1X B CpaBHHTeJlbHoA: CTeoeHH: arzSo,tar-i
, AoporOBH3Ha', safed-tar-f 'OOJlbm B 6eJlH3Ha' (qallte, O,QHaKO, 1"0-
BOpBT': arzAn-tar bodan, safed-tar bodan (i 149). CM. j 190.
» a: -gif-gin JlBJlBeTCJI .lU>Yl"oA: q>OpMOA: 1f 1: cor J1acHbIA -g-
CJlYJeHT AJiB npeAOTBpallteHHJI 3HBHHJI B 8eKoTopblX CJlOBaX (H60
154
o6b1'1¥o 3TY pOJlb BblnOJlllJllOT -Y- H '-W-): azlragi · Xa38peAcK HA ',
maim':inagi · H3 MaAMaBhl', 'yag aWJWrlgi '.(MOHeTa) a OAHB acIJra-
HH', aftagi , :e)KeBeAeJlbHblA '.
» 4: -gi COOTBeTCTByeT'If 2 (TaK.M )J(e o6pa30M, KaK H
np AblAYinHA): ba agi · e7cTBo', kattagi · BeJlIf1lXaa',' , zagi
::-:&c agi 'M8JlOJleTCTBO' J. wanagi c 6e3YMHe'. CJle.nyeT OT-
MeTHTb, 'ITO B 3TOM cJlyqae -g- ynoTpe6J1.BeTC.B AU npeAoTBpa-
meHH.B 3)f.BHH.B qaIQe, qeM DOJlyr Jl8CBblA.
» I): in. '3aHMCT,BOB8HHe H3 JlHTepaTypHoro .B3b1Ka: 'sangin
, T.B)J(eJiblA' .
If 6: -gin. PeAKHe npHMepbl': aw-gin · BOA.BHHCTblA', , ))(H.Q-
KHI', yam-gin. neq8JIbHhlA',.
» 7,: -a 06pa3yeT npoJ(3BoABOO CJlOBO co 3BaQeBHeM, aaa..
JlOrH1IHblM 3 qeHHIO HcxoARoro CJlQBa.
e MopcIJoJlOrHqeCKOA TOqKH 3peBJUI B03MO)«BO MBoro cJlyqae i
HcxoAHoe CJlOBO - qXCJlXTeJlbBoe, a OpOHSBO,QBoe - cymecTBaTeJlb-
BOO: painj , n.BTb' - painja · O.BTeplUi'; .CYIQeCTBHTeJlbHoe H3 'np...
JlaraTeJlbHoro: sawz ' 3 eHblA' - sawza ' 3e,JleHb', 'saf@d ' 6e-
JlbIl' - 'sa£@da ' 6eJlHrJla'; npHJlaraTeJlbHOe H3 CYIQeCTBHTeJlbBoro
HJlH npHJlaraTeJlbBoro: rls(t)' ; npsabll' - ras(t) a,' np.BMO', . ap,
'.JleBbll' - apa ' BBepx .HoraMH', ,' 6r ' cOJleRblA' - ' 6ra ' CeJlHT-
pa'.
e ceMaHTHqeCKOI TOqKH 3pemm OpOH3BOAHoe CJlOBO MOJCeT
6b1Tb YMeHbmHTeJlbHblM': 'j8y , PY'Iel' - j8ya ' apblK (Ha 6axqe)'j
YBH'IHicHTeJlbHblM': sorx 'KpaCHblA' - sorxa 'KpaCHOP0)KHA'; MG-
)KeT IfMeTb 3HaqeHHe, 6J1H3KOe K 3BaqeHlfIO .CXOAHoro CJlOBa: domb
· XBOCT' - domba · KYPAIOK', ekam ')KHBOT' - ekamba ' 6pIOXO',
' pe6yxa'J .HJ1H 3Ha'leBH6 60Jlee OTAaJleHHoe: b@d 'HBa' - b@da
, ceBO'. OTMeTHM': 'tan' TeJlO' - tanna ' CTBOJl", " TYJlOBHIne', r el
· COpOK' - ella m;H6oJlee XOJlOAHa2 .q CTb 3HMbI. (AJl2I1{a2C2. co-
pOK AReA)', , at 'nOTOJlOK' - ata - H83BallHe KpblToro pblHKa B
Ka6YJle, pa3pymeBHoro B 19'48 r. H T.A.
ey cpHKC -a, npHcoeAHWIeMbil K Ha3BaBH.BM. qacTel qeJlOB6-
'IeCKOrO TeJla, o6pa3yeT ,npoH3BoAHble CJlOBa, 0603Haqa1OIQKe HeOAY-
meBJleBHble, npeAMeTbi HJlH HX' 'IaCTJt: eJm ' rJla3 t - e ma C HCTO'l- '
155
RHK', lri '6opoAa' - ri a 'KOpeBb', ,lab ' ry 6a' - laba · KpaA'.,
dest 'PYKa" - desta 'pyqKa pay 'HQra' - paya 'noAcTaBKa',
· HO)KKa',' .gardan 'me.H' - gardana 'oepeBaJl' H T..A.
Hcxo.Qiloe CJlOBO KHor.Qa o603HaQaeT qaCTb TeJla >KHBO'I'HOro:
nBI · KJlIOB' - nola 'HOOHK (qaAHHKa)'
par 'nepo' - palT8
puz 'Mop.Qa' - puza
IMeeTca: ' ir · MOJlOKO' - . ira 'COK'.
npOH3Bo.QRble OT CJlO>KHblX CJlOB: fiI-pAya · KOJlOHHa', "sar- r@za
, nepeDOJlHeHHe', I sang-r@za · 06BaJl', ' JlaBHHa KaMHeH', gaw-do. a
, nO.QoAHHK' .
C qHCJlHTeJlbHblMH: .s@-r6za 'Tpex,nHeBHbIA', a -sala · nleCTH..
JleTIiHR', t'do-ruya C C nO.QKJla,nKoA', do-qata 'CJlO>KeHHhlA B.,nBoe',
nim-s@ra · (rHpB B) nOJl-cepa' if T. .
. 1f 7-a': -a. UT KOpHB HaCTOBll1erO BpeMeHH (KOTopbIA HHor,na
O.QROBpeMeBBO .HBJlBeTCB OTrJlarOJlbHblM CYlI{eCTBKTeJlbHblM) o6pa-
3YIOTC.H TaKHe CYll1eCTBHTeJlbRble, KaK': larza 'APOX<,b', andiza
· pa3Mep', tara a · cTpyltKa'.
OT KOpHB npeTepHTa 06pa3yeTcB npJlQaCTHe npome wero
BpeMeBJI, KOTopoe TO)l(,neCTBeHHO npHJlaraTeJlbROMY, OOhlqHO B nac-
CHBROM 3HaQeOHH': kA ta c noce51 HHblR , , ko ta · y6HTbIA', H T..Q.
.
CJle.QyeT OTMeTHTb, qTO B Sdam-e famida · 3 RaIOInHA qeJlOSeK' no-
CJle.QBee C.lOBO, npe,nCTaBJIeBHoe KaK Iq)INaCTHe, "OllU'lI{aeTC3"
HBTyHTHBflO TaK1Ke KaK 4x>pMa nperepwra (r,ne onylI{eoo OTHOCHTeJlb-
Boe MeCTOHMeRite ke)": 'Qel1OBeK, KOTOpblR nOIUlJl'; no,no6HO 9TO-
MY.: na-dida · TOT, KTO HHtlero Be BH,neJl' (npeHe6pe>KHTeJlbHoe);
dawida 'TOT, KTO 6eXGiJl H T.J{. (CM. 149). .
HaooMIUIM, BaKOuen, If JiQM. aTJI'I eCKlle BblpaxceHHB B .a Bep-
KalbBbIX 06opM'ax zut-e kada .OhfCTpO', taq-e kada 't.10t.leHTa.itb
80 (taq 1 I11e .lJ(!') if T.JI,.
_ .It s: - '= _-8 + (g) i. A6cTpaK'rBble cymeCTBKTeJlbHhle-, co-
OTBe'fCTBYIOIltHe tP pM8.M CO -3SaQeUII8M nplLl8.I'aT6.lbROrO, pac-
CMOTpeBHhlM B If 7-: zendagi C )J(It3Hb'. magi = trespagi " ',qeJl6-
BIte DOnOJIaM', &pagi 'BeC 'lA\iT Bbli c.JyqaH' It T.,lI. Hcxoltlfoo CAO-
-156
BO MOl(eT 6bITb H HMeBeM': kollagi = kol 'BCe. + COeAHHHTeJlbBOe
a +gi = 'coBoKynHoCTb'. .
8 -a: -agi. (npHqaCTHe npow. BpeMeHH + gi). 'Cy4)(I)HKC
YCHJlHBaeT naCCHBHoe 3HaqeHHe npHqaCTIUI': dldagi · AaHRbIA',
b6rdagi 'YHeceHHbIA'.'C OpHqaCTHRMH CJlO)((BblX rJlarOJlOB: poxta
kadagi 'cBapeBHbIA', ,joda kadagi 'OTAaJleHHbIA'.
CMbJCJlOBbIe OT.,eHKH RBJlRIOTCR HHOI'Aa npH eqaTeJlbHbIMH':
zada I n06HTbIA' - zadagi 'onpeAeJleBHblA',,' opoqBblA' (HanpHM'ep,
eBa TOBapa); zadagi 03HaqaeT TaK)I(e 'HCnOpqeHHbIA' ;,OTMe"HM,
{{TO B Ka6YJlH CY<P<PHKC .-agi, BCTpeqaeTCR He CTOJIb qaCTO, KaK
B TaA)KHKCKOM R3blKe.
9: .-ak/-gak. YMeHbWHTeJlbHbll: bayak 'caAHK', .xftna-gak
I AOMHJ<'. '3Mo HOHaJlbHbIH - npeHe6peX<HTeJlbHbIA : 'Anwarak '9TOT
. caMb1A AHBap', 'sawzak I c 3e-!leHblMH I'Jla3aMH' HJlIf JlaCKaTeJlbHbIl:
byadarak I 6paTe ', xwara 'CeCTpelD<a', , u a-gak "MaJlIOTKa';
'Bblpa)KalOw,HA x<aJlOCTb': mazlumak '6e.QHR)KKa'.
3TOT cy4><PHKC npHAaeT pa3J1HqHhIe 3uaQeHHJI OpHJlarareJlbBblM
H HapeqHRM : xu ak 'HenJloxoA',. b@tarak 'qYTb-qYTb nOJlyqme',
kamak ' HeMHoX<Ko' (OTCIOA8 kamagi "He3aaqHTeJlbHOCT '), larzanak
, APox<aIUHA', lo ak 'MomelUlHK' (B3 K6'. lo I rOJlblA'); pu ak
HMeeT, KaK npe.QcT8BJlReTCR, 3Haqe Be, 60Jlee CHJlbHOe, qeM pu
'nycToA'; TO x<e If B laqak no 'cpaBBeHHIO. C laq 'BeYCTOAqHBbIA'.
CJle.nyeT OTMeTHTb HAHOMaTH1IeCKHe BbIpa)KeHIUI, TaKHe K8K
a,nBep6HaJlbRble 060POTbI 'sal'-ba-sarak 'APyr Ha APyre'. po. t-da-
poAtak 'CnBRa K cnHHe', ,'sar- da-kunak kun-da-solaxak 'MemaHHHa,
Hepa36epHXa' H T.A.
-ak ynoTpe6J1ReTCR B CYIUeCTBKTeJlbBblX c OTpH aTeJlbHbIM
3HaqeHHeM (60Jle3Hb, Ylltep6 H T.A.): akak 'KaneJlb C ROTOJIKa',
'npOTeK,aHHe KpbImM', 'sangak '3aTBepAeBBe , I' OqepCTBeHHe',
ate'!ak 'CHct»HJlHC' (Ate 'orOHb'), .nixunak '6eJlbMO' (naxun 'ao-
rOTb t), mexak I M030 (m@x ' rB03Ab'), ,p8panak 'nJleCeHb' (B
repaTe pomba-gak), "Aaw-k8rak. KYPHH8R CJle OTa', sa arxak
. 'rOJl BoKpyx<eHHe', ,taw-e 'sia-gak (6YKB. "qep8eBbKaB JlHxopa,nKa')
, 6py eJlJle3'. .
H8.3BaHHR qacTeA qe.nOBeqeCKOrO TeJla': kelkak C DaJlbqHK'
157
(kelk 'DBJle '), :bojolak ' oJl a' (bojol 'KOOTb J1g KrpbI').
tawqak 'KJIIOq a' T1'. tawq 'O.epeJIbe'), ,b lak-e MIla 'J10n8 -
J( ' (Ml · JlOJJ8 1'8 '), 1p1JH)Ort8k '1'O m,. ' (cp. 'i<o. 'qort kadan ' r o-
fJ'aTb').
AR.p TpBB: pan@rak, p1!eak, mexak, -sam-IBrak'1J"T . .;
MAJI1CVY .JIRn Bb1Z: xaB.ak · KJlOU' (cp. xazidan · DOJl3BTb'), bam-
birak 'crPeXOS8'. . ak · e](( 6 ,'law-parak · B01Ul8Jl 6a6ollKa' J
mor&t-xorak 'MYpaBbe.Q', .ututak ":' KpecT. JSna--sarak (6YKB 'pac-
1IeCK8 BB roJIOBe') 'YAOen' H x..A.
..
H83BaBHe pa3AJ1Q IlbtX 1IaCTe1l MeX8RJ13MOB HJlH DpeAMeTOB,
yno"pe6 JleMhlX d o6tIxo.Qe: qaitak 'BH,KJI101IMeJlb' (W3 qait ==Jrr .
qaid), -mulal< ."3Y sa meG pBe" (mul 'Mhlmb'), :sagak 'npX>K-
Ka t, amtgak C KPIOK', · muy nak · tn( eT AJlJI BhllIlKDhlBalDfJl Bo-
JIOC', kalak 'pe3IfBKat'(ka 'pacTJlrJlB8JIJfe'), , 6.!ak 'COCKS' (oo
C cOC8BKe').
En'CKJIe xrpymKJt: Ter-Inak · norpeMYDlKa t, pun-punak
· AYAoQKa' (3BYKoD aza1iKH), p8 a-xa:sak (OYKB. "TO, qTO moJi-
38M' nOA mTaBHBy') - BHA OeBr8JlbCK01'O oro, H T.A.
npHCOeAHIUIJICb K BeKOTOph1M HMeBaM, CJ1lntlHKC .-ak oopa3yeT
APyrHe HMeBa, YK83HB8IOD{lIe 118 DOBTOp81IJfe 6 CTpblX ABH>KeH j
_KorAa y>xe KCXOABoe CJlOBO 03RaJ18.eT -ABKJK.eRHe: 'x@z H jast 'npbI-
>K K' - xazak-H ja-stak 'nonB >XBble Hrphl'; I6t KO. 'n peBepThI-
BaRKe C O,nBoro 60Ka Ba APyroJi' - lotak - DOBTopeBHe 3Toro ABH-
>KeRHJI, .sor ' ABH)I(eBHe' - ' 6rak c KOJle6aBHe'. 'Hc oAl\oe C OBO JlB-
J1J1eTCJI 3BYKonO.QpaJC-aTe,J1bBhlM B qarsak C xnOIlKH B JI8AOWH' (BO
BpeMJI neHU B OOJlaCTH naR.l{)I{Wep); npOH3BOAHhle OT °aa3BaHHA qa-
cTeA QeJlOBeQeCKOI'O TeJla: de'stak C )({eCTHKY J1BQHB', payak C ABH)I( -
HHB HoraMH J , e mak 'nO.ltMHI'HBaHHe'. 'OTMeTHM ka ak =pBy
pele ak C no,nHO>KKa' (ep. K6. kawJ · 06YBb' = JIT. kaf ). npOH3-
Bo,nHble" OT Ha3BaHH npe.nMeT B:, 8bak C Bbl6HBaUHe (HanpH 1ep,
KOBpa - naJIKoA), , sozanak C YKOJI (HI'JIOH)'.
Ba>KHO OTMeTHTb, qTO Bee T npOH3BO.ltHble CJlOBa, 0603Ha-
q"alOWHe MHorOKpaTHble ,nBK)I(eHHR, ynoTpe6J1.stIOTCR C BTOPKqHb1 1 ,
BCnOMOl'aTeJlbHbI 1 I'JlarOJlOM zadan (9 147): xezak me-zani, 18tak
m zad, sozanak na-zan " T.,Q. B TO >Ke BpeMfl rOBOpH'I",: 8rak
t .:)
..I.uU
didan , Maxalfb' , , e' ak kadsn 'M ftI-c:a."Cb ' If T.lt. B nace.8OM. sqa-.
qeDK YIIOTpe6J1Beroa r Jl8.rOJI x6rdaIt: .J&ak x8rdan ' KOJlOOaTbCSL' .
'Ka'laThca'. .
YnoTpe6JlelDle YMellDmHTeJI&BHX CJ10B"' Jl.H nepe.l{81IJI 9MOQIDI,
opexi.[te ,Bcero - DPH DpocbfSe: bftA', rozak" no6yAb 811t& BOOK()JIb-
KO .neIl&KOB!', I bet@. amigak-a 'no.Qal-u .Mae. STY B8 11(Jf'IAY ', Cizak.-8
bar-et iwordem 'B' il.e6e Koe-m np JlIftro.. , ar-du.. -e- mI' borem
'no1.qeM-Ka BABOeM', .byainia-gak 'IIOA clOA8', &dad pllu-
-e. SyAy' xod 'OB nOAomeJl K CBo&MYOTUY'. (eM. . 144).
Y ABoelDle YM&BbIBHTeJlh-aor.o cY4JqrKKca -ak BCTpeqae'rGa ,<rr-
KTeJlbBO tmcTO: xor< d) -tal'-akak, , Ma..mce 111-1(. 1' J · e'Amakak4-ye
godi rJl83eBKH KYKJlhI'.
- ,
Jll : ,-aka. 'KO.llttl8Cmo OP9 Jbau CJlQB orp811J111e1lO':
mardaka 'MyxeJ{1tOk', ,zanaka '6a6eHKa'.
».11: -aki. B03MOJKBO, B0 3naa. R:J CYcfJetnmca I (»"1). UP"
coeAHmreMoro K opO.3BO nhU4 CJLOBaM sa. -ak (1f 9t a:-lo · rpy-
6OCTb', 'ate' aki ' CHcpJUJlTBK t pOpaki C Ba.QMeHB&l.l' (pOpak '110M-
nOH') J& T .,n.
H3 d@ ',nepeBIm' (JiT. deh) - npoJl3BOaaoe-d y-aki ' epe-
BeBCKd )KHTeJlh' (k AJUI ope ,L\oml'a 1lteBJDI3URHa, a - coeAHIiJI-
T J1bHoe).
YCHJlHBalOInJdi 3Baqemte DpHJI8M1TeJlbHOro:"p8kaki 'uycTOI'..
H3MeB.HIOm.HA 3BaqeBHe HMe.1DI: ' alaki '60JlbmWl m8JIb' H T. .
npHJlaraTeJLhBhle, npOK3BO.[tBfale OT cYlQeCTBH'.}'eJ1bBhlXO: paraki
'OJloCKJdi M Tom<d xJle6', ,destaki 'pyqaol ( mlnp TlM ep, CTaHQl(),
D8yaki C HO)KHoI.', xikak.i ' BeOIlJlO,QOTBopeBBoe SlI oJ p@ aki
; aBaH ', c 3 aToK'. npeSe6pe))(BTe.lbBiJle CJlOBa., ,-aue KaK m aki .
'.pa3APUHTeJl-bHhlI R t"py6bt1: 1Ie.i oooK " (113 mo ' Depe ') H T..Q.
H pe'lJDI BpeMeBB, npOH3BOABHe or CYlQecTBm.ahIlhl)f: baki
'f YTPOM', altaki ' B nOJllteB& J, p@tinaki.' oooJle DO.l)f AU', :digaraki
'paliBHM seqepo..., - aw ki c 80qhm , H T.A. -Hapeq,." o6p838. eicT- -
BU: bexaki 'KOpeBBWM "o6pa3OM',,"coseP'JlI8I1BOJ., -illargaki 'CMe '
TeJlbHO', . qalbaki ' · yxcacaO!, · auIaki (1I3.ft. 'haUl) , , CO CTpaxOM B
noCDemJl ' J( T.A. OTMe.'1'MM T8UCe: .pa aki ' aA', qi1 'BBepx'
H oco6eBBO emraki ,'TaK', i raqamaki 'T8KJiM 06p&30M' II.T .'
159
1f 1 : .-akan/ gak6n. . Ha3BaHH.H 60Jle3Heli, TaKHe Ka,K sorx-
akSn. 'K pb', ;namada.kan 'CblUb' (H3 namad 'BoAJlOK'), Ha3BaHH.K
rpy noBblx Hrp: e in-potakan · )f( YPKH' (H3 pot 'Cnp.HTaHHbIA'),
qapakan · Hrpa B M.Hq' (CM, j 139),
,. 13: :-akani/-gakani. Ha3B8BH.H rpynnoBblx Hrp, T8KHX KaK!:
dozaklni ' ,neTCKa.H Hrpa, 3aKJlIo-qaIOIIla.HC.H B nOHMKe Bopa' I . xala-
gak:ni 'AeTCK8.H Hrpa, HMHTHPYJOlItM,ceMeAHbIIi npHeM'(OT xftIa 'TeT.H'),
mirbada(ga) kani · Hrpa, aanOMKHalOInWI 6elic6oJl' (mir 'KaoHTaH', '
bada 'qJleH KOMaRAbI')" H T,A, OTMeTHM TaKxce gelagakani ..cB3aH -
Hhle xcaJlo6b1'.
1f 14: ,-akiyi. npHcoeAHWIeTC.H K HeKoTopblM HMeBaM H aa-
peqH.HM (BpeMeHH H o6pa3a AelicTBH.H) npli o6pa30BaHHH HapeqliJt:
lawakftyi C BOqblO', ,rozakayi 'Alletl', xoftanakayi 'BeqepOM' H
T,Aej,' durakayi 'H3 aJleKa', 'pasaktyi 'H83aA', 'p@Aakayi C BnepeA' I
estadakiyi ' CTO.R', " e.!takayi · CI1A.H', xawakiyi 'J1exca', et6rakayi
· TaK', otoraklyi ., 3TaK' If ,T, .
If 15: .-i. KMeeTC.H, KaK H B J1T.: dinA · 3H8IOInHIi', bini
, ,.
c 3P .HqHA', I enisi '3HaK MbIli', .rawa 'Ao3BoJleHHblIi' H T,A, OH
B03HHK H3 pa3BoBHAROCTH npHtlaCTH.H RaCTO.Hw.ero BpeMeHH H HMe-
HH Ae.HTeJl.H, o6pa3yeMoro OT KOpwi BaCTO.HInerO BpeMeHH, H3b1K
yxce Be BcerAa 'OInYInaeT 3TOT xapaKTep npOH3BOABQCTH; rOBOp.HT
gira c 3axcHM', 'THCKH' (B TO BpeM.H KaK OT gere tan KopeHb Ha-
CTO.HInerO BpeMeRH ger- ), paidl · HaIiAe'HHbIIi' He HMeeT B Ka6y-
J1H rJlarOJlbHOrO KOpBH,
KOHeqROe -i B xe a 'pOACTBeHHHK' paCCMaTpHBaeMoe B
.H3b1Ke KaK CycpcpHKC, B AeAcTBHTeJlbHOCTH npOHCXOAHT, nO-BHAHMO-
MY, OT -ft MHoxc CTBeHHoro qHCJla CJlOBa xe (J1T, xwe's): xe' a
paCCMaTpHBaeTCSI B .H3bIKe KaK 4»opMa eAHHCTBeHHoro {{HCJla,
1f 16: -iyi. r J1aBHbIM o6pa30M aooTpaKTHbIe cywecTBHT.eJlb-
HhIe Ha ,-i OT cpOpM 1f 15, KaK en4sa-y-i, .dAna-y-i H T,A" HMeeT-
C.H': j6rSyi 'H3J1eqeHHe' (OT jar '3AOpoBblli'), ,g81ayi 'H3rH6' (OT
gal 'KpHBOIi').
1f 17,: -ik/-ika/-aq. 'xorak 'nHIna', '.po 8k 'oAexcAa', kAwak
'Bn AHHa', sozAk '.roHoppe.H' H TeJi, o6pa30BaHbI OT KopHeli HaCTO.H-
Inero BpeMeRJti xa ak C nblJlb a' cooTBeTcTByeT, B03MOXCHO, cymecT-
]60
BHTeJlbHOMY ,xa a c qaCTH a , xoraka H p Aka · DHIn ' H · O,AeXCAa J
.HBJI.KIOTCa eAHHCTBeHHblMH 4»opMaMH Da .-aka.
OTM,eTHM': damaq damar 'HOC', painjaq , Hrpa C'IUITblO Ka-
MeWKaMH' ..
If 1&: -are 06pa3yeT aooTpaKTHhle OTrJlarOJlbHhle cymecTBH-
TeJlbHble OT KOpHB npe1'epHTa': ko, tar " y60A CKOTa (88 )KHBOAepae)',
raftar ' no o Ka',. goftar · 60JlTOBH.K , . didar · cBHAaHHe'. .
"MeHa AeBTeJl : xaridar · nOKyna Te Jib', ,gereCtar · 3alUlTblA' ,
OTKYAa a6CTpaKTHhle HMeHa Ha -i ': xaridari · nOKynKa'= xarid,
gereCtiri 3aH.HTOCTb' .
If 19-: -an. 'npHcoeAHUeTC.H K HMeHJt: erayan 'HJlJlIOMHHa-
H.H' ( 'eravc 4»oaapb'). npHJlaraTeJlbllhle: xo -xo'Aan 'paAocT blA',
pere An c 03a60qeHHbIA'.
If 19-a:: .-an. CY4»CPHKC OpH1laCTH.H HaCTO.HInero.Bpe eHH, 06-
pa3yeMoro OT KOpH.H BaCTO.KlUerO BpeMeHH (CM. j 148). KaK H B JlT.,
npHtlaCTHe HaCTO.HInerO BpeMeHIl KMeeT MBoxceCTBO 3HaqeHHi!: aw-e
j6 an 'KHn.HlI{a.H BOAa', mu -e paran '6eJlKa', . gorez8n a's · OH H36e-
raeT'. -MHorAa npHqaCTHe aaCTO.HlUerO BpeMen, 6YAyql( aABep-
6HaJlbHhlM DpHJlaraTeJlbHblM, BXOAHT p ,cJloBapHblA COCTaB .H3h1Ka,
Aaxce eCJIH B 9TOM DOCJleAHeM He COXpaRHJIC.H COOTeeTCTBYlOlI{HA
rJlaroJt: iwezAn, 'BHC.HmHA', nomay n ' OqeBHAHblA', arisan · 6ec-
nOKoAHbIA' (JiT. hara'sAn) , .xereman «qBaBJlHBblA' (JlT, xeraman).
1JHCTO HMeBHoe 3HaqeHHe B porsSn ' BOnpOC' (porsan kadan 'cnpa-
WHBaTb', gozaran · TepnlfMOCTb H COlO3 MexcAY TOBapHlI{aMH' (OT-
CIOAa - gozaran kadan). OTMeTHM CJlOBO aprOTH1IeCK'oro npoHC-
XOXCAeHJUI tapin (6YKB. 'Tpene YII{HA') 'qepBH (B KapTax)'..
CpeAH npH\laCTHA HaCTO.HmerO BpeMeHH, coxpaHHBWHX CBoA
rpaMMaTHqeCKHA CMblCJI, pa3J1Ht1aIOTC.H HenepeXOAHbIe: 'nilin 'CTO-
&ylltHA', .yorran 'pbIqaII{HA', rawan '.ye3xcalO1UHA', ,- H nepeXOAHble:
borrin 'pexcYII{HA' H T.A.
CJle.nyeT' BblAeJlHTb npKtlaCTJUI HaCTO.H(Qero BpeMeHH rJIarOJlOB,
HMelOmHX .n06YAHTe.JIbHYIO ctJOPMY (Ha -an): 9TH npH1laCTH.H TOXCAeCT-
BeHHbI npHqaCTH.HM COOTBeTpTBYIOIltHX n96YAHTe b,HbIX rJlarOJlOB.
TaKHM 06pa30M, sozan 03HaQaeT JlH60 'rop.HII{HA' (OT s8xtan), JlH-
60 '3aXCHr8IOII{HA' (OT sozandan). npHqaCTHSI HaCTO.HmerO BpeMe H
noC5YAHTe.JI BhlX rJlarO,JI B' .BI;IJI.BIOTC.B, O HaKO, MaJloynOTpe6HTeJlb-
BblMH' (C,'HHM Be.,C eAYeT CMem aTb 4»OPM'hI nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO
Ba JlOBeBHJJ. nooy,aHTeJIbHhlX, rJlarOJlQB, KOTOphte 6e np 4»HK'ca 'be-
BJJlCrynalOT B ReKOTOphlX CJlOXCHhlX rJlaroJiax - CM. 150). 113
9THX npitqaCTHA HaCTO.B)Qero BpeMe8H &aH60Jlee ynoTpeoHTeJibHhI
CJleAYIOIQHe': aktn, a. p8n, dawAn.. gor@z n, gozaran, yalttn,
jombln, 8 Sn" JarzSn, 181an, parAn, awan, sozin, tarsan.
A6cTp THble HMeHa Ha -i ' : arisiQ.i · oecnoKoAcTBO', sozani
· ropeHHe' H, T.A-
C CYct>4»HKCOM -ak - pol-e larzanak "noABec80A (APOXCaIQHA)
MOOT'.
» 20: -aila/-gftna. 3TO XCHBOA'cy4»4»'HKC; 01:1 "OIQYIQ TCH" B
BehlKe, 3a HCKJlIOqe8HeM JlHmb HeKOTop.hlX CJlOB Tlfna dewana 'oe-
3YMHhIA', p8qana" B03.QYW8blA mapHK' (8anOMHHa1OIQee JlT. buq/b8q
· rYAOK', · pOXCOK').
CY4»'4»HKC -ana MoxceT H3,Me Tb 38aqeHHe npHJlaraTeJlbHOrO
HJlH H,ape'lHH: }l3 ma'st · nbSlHblA' npOH3BOA80e ma'stana 'pa.nOCT-
HhlA'. .
OT HMe8. 0603BaqalOIQHX npOMeXCYT<;)K BpeMeHH, 06pa-
3YIOTCSI npHJlaraTeJlb8h1e H HapeqHa.: rOzina 'exceA8eB80', awana
'Ka)l(AYIO HOqb', cl tSna, p linBnaJ m rna, s?tl na H T..Q. '
OT HMeH, 0 03HaqaIOInHX OJl If B03paCT qeJlOBeKa, 06-
P 3YIOTCSI npHJlarareJlbHbIe H HapeqH.B': ma ana 'Myxce.cTBe8HhlA',
zanana, doxtarana, ,ba ag8na, o tokana 'AeTcKH '.
Oopa30BaHHe HMe8, YKa3h1BaJOInHX CYMMY Ae8er: toyana 'cBa-
Ae6Hhle H3AepxcKH' (ceMbSi Myxca nJiaTHT ceMbe )l(e8h1) (H3 toy
· cBaAboa') ,. ligerdana. 'qaeShle nOAMacTepbs', sokrana · r080-
pap 3HaxapSl', baySna "3aAaToK' (H3 bai 'QeHa' - JlT. baif, 'npo-
Aa)l(a'), ,b&r&na ' nJl8Ta HOCHJlbIUHKY' (Ha3BaHHe:KBapTaJia B CTa-
pOM Ka6YJle).
,l];pyrHe I:IpOH3BOA8ble CJlOBa-: ango tana 'aanepcToK' (ango t
'naJle '), jerengana · norpeMymKa' (lf3 3BYKonoApa)l(a8HSI jereng),
awasana 'JiaKOMCTBO' (awas 'xcHJloA'), parezana. ' nHIQa OOJlbHO-
ro' (parez "B03Aep)l(a'H e') H,T.A.
J1MeeTC.B ana + gi JlH60 AJiSI YCHJleHHSI CMhlCJla, KaK ager-
.
162 .
danagi 'B03HarpaXCAeRHe yqeHHKY', 'JiHOO AJI.H OOpa30BaHH.H aOCT-
paKTROrO HMeHH: dewanagi 'Oe3YMHe' H T .zi. (OTMeTHM': do-gana =
do-gin gi 'OJlH3ReQbJ').
YMeRbWHTeJlbHOe cyuieCTBHreJlbHOe oopa3yeTC.H C'cyct> HK-
COM '-gak: ango tD.nagak' HanepCTOqeK' . 80 HMee C'a H .- 'k B
yeryerAnak ' TpemoTKa'.
If 21-: -enga. CooTBeTcTByeT J1T. CY HKCY :-in{a) ,(cp. 55).
06pa3yeT npHJlaraTeJlbHble MeCTOHaXOXCAeHH.H (BO BpeMeHH H B
npocTpaRcTBe): p@ enga ' npe)KRHA', 'pasenga, ,z@renga, b enga
(H3 bila/b81S 'Bepx'), paynenga (H3 p Y8n/payin/pAin 'HH3'),
my&nenga = m1bainenga 'cpeAHHA', 'darunenga ' BByTpeHRHA',
runenga 'BRemHHA', kojSyenga 'oTKYAa?', ,sobenga 'YTpea-
HHA' I Jtenga " nOJlYAeRHblA'., Ipe inenga 'nocJlenoJly.neHRJ:i"A',
.digarenga, !&menga, xoftanenga' 'BeqepHHA', awenga 'RotUloA',
alenga' 'HbIRewHHA', :derenga ',naBHHA', ,kayenga 'KaKoA (no BPe-
MeRH)?'.
,awalenga 'nepBbIA", dowomenga 'BTOpoA', " s yomenga 'Tpe-
THA' H'T.A., kodamenga ' KOTOpblA?'.
If 22: -omga = om + ga I: dowomga · BTOpoA', "s yomga 'Tpe-
THA', I aromga H T.A., andomga 'KOTOpblA?'.
CY HKC -ga, H3peAKa ynoTpeoJUleMhlA'B clJaMHJlb.HpHOA pe-
qH, YCHJlHBaeT CMblCJI nopSAKOBoro cy cI»HKca -om.
1f 23: -enda. . liM.H Ae.HTeJl.H H npHqaCTHe, oopa30BaHRoe OT
KOpH.H aaCTO.HmerO BpeMeHH. 'i1poH3BoAHble CJlOBa 9Toro THna OT
ReKoTopbIX rJlarOJl.OB BeCbMa, ynoTpeoHre.nbHbt: bSfen a 'TKaq',
ko enda 'yoHAQa', ' arenda .'TpaBO.HAHOe X<HBoTRoe', ijombenda
r XCHBoe cymecTBo', ,tarsenda '60.H3J1HBblA' H T.A.
AocTpaKT Hble HM eHa Ra .-gi: annendagi · CTblAJlHBOCTb' ,
tarsendagi · POOOCTb' H T.A.
If 24: -eA. 'Oopa3yeT WHpO O ynoTpeoHTeJlbHble OTrJlarOJlb-
Hhie aocTpaKTHble HMeaa OT KopReA HaC,TO.HlQer<;> BpeM8HH: xSye
, npocboa', 1 dawe · oer'. )arze 'AP0)Kb', 'parre 'nOJleT', 1 roiTe'
'phlqaHHe', 'mAleA 'TpeHHe', ,IahgeJ,'xpoMoTa', ,bax e 'noAapoK',
ranjeA r oOHAa', 1 sanje . 'paCqeT', ,tape 'TpeneT', ,'jombe 'ABH-
XceHHe', ,j6 e'J 'KHneHHe', ,tarqe' ' pa3pblB' H T.A.
11-2 63
163
B HeKOTOpblX cJlyqa.BX aOCTpaKTHOe HM.B Ha '-e ynOTpeOJl.BeTC.B
B CBOeM BTOPHqHOM 3H8t1eHHH, AaJleKOM OT 3Hatl HH.B rJlarOJlbHOrO
HHclJHHHTHBa: rannaye c 3aK 3', (sepAre / serare ' peKOMeHAaQH.B',
bore! ',noKpoA', , 6 A ' HapOAHoe ABHX<eHHe', 'pe (e' ) c OHOC',
raweA c nOBeAeHHe', I' OT HoweHHe', .p6 e ' nOKpblTHe' '. ,sAze!
'c,neJlKa', .' ze! ' HaCMopK'. .
C cyct>ct>HKCOM -it: rarmaye i C C,l:teJlaHHblA no 3aKa3Y', reze i
'tlaCTO cTpa,naIOII(HA HacMopKoM' H T.A.
1#! 2&: -e t. B n.BTH cJlyqa.BX (KO. BYJlbr.) 3a -e" CJleAyeT t:
kAye t 'noxYAeHHe' (cp. J1T. kahe C YMeHbweHHe', xire t '3YA',
aw-xore t '3anoA', .mlle" t 'Macca)J(',' nile t 'CTOIIbI (OT OOJlH)'.
MO)J(HO YTBep)J(AaTb, tlTO 9TH CJlOBa BXOA.BT B HapOAIIbIA CJlO-
Bapb OOJle3HeA.
C Cyct>ct>HKCOM -i': xftre ti 'TOT, KTO CTpaAaeT 3YAOM", kTO"
JlIOOHT Apa3HHTb' H T.A.
1#! 26 '- a/-i 'a. -. YMeHbWHTeJlbHblA cyct>cIJMKC:. kaza a 'KYB-
, -
WHHqHK', \bfty a. C Ca,l:tHK'" .ketab a ' TeTpaAb' H T..Q.
OTMeTHM xan a, ' nOAHOC' (J1T. xwBn a), I mooca C MypaBeA'
(J1T. murea, KO. H J1T. mur). .
CJlOBa Ha .-i a peAKH': dari a 'ABepQa'." OTMeTHM TaK)J(e:
ka-ba a ' npHropOK'.
If 27,:' ,-mand - dardmand' C HaOOJleBWHA', ,daulatmand - oora-
TblA' H T.A.
}/! 28,: -nak - dardnftk = yamnak C OO bHOA', C HaOOJleBDlHA'
K T.A.
1#! 29: ,-ara. "B CJJOBe j angara C CBapJ;lHBbIA' '(o'rcIOAa j angaragi
C nJloxoe HacTpoeHHe').
1f; 30: -gar.
CY HKC, npHCOeAHH.BeMblA K HMeHaM'i oopa3yeT npHJlara-
TeJlbHbIe, xapaKTepH3YlOII(He J1IOAeA:' tawangar 'c ooraTblA ' paidagar=
kamayigar 'YMelOw.HA H3BJleKaTb npHObIJlb' (H3 kamayi 'npHOb\Jlb','
C OXOA'). ,JIIOAH, npH8BAJle)J(all(He K TOMY HJlH HHOMY peMeCJlY':
sa\y"-dagar. 'KyneQ' (sawda C TOPf'OB .B'), iingar C KY3HeQ' (ayin
I ))(eJle30'), bany&gar 'oaKaJle'AII(HK' (H3 HHA_ banya).
gar MO)J(eT npHCOeAHH.BTbC.B H K npHqaCTHIO npoweAmero Bpe-
164
MeHH kada-gar · TOT, KTO ,neJlaeT": rost kada-gar · TOT, KTO BhI-
np.RMJI.ReT' (H3 rost kadan" Bhlnp.HMJI.HTb ') H T.,n.
If 31: .-gari. :A6cTpaKTH e HMeaa OT CJlOB, paccMoTpeBHhlx B
1f 30: kam'Ayigari · YMeaHe I:IOJlytlaTb ,noxo,n', ,Aingari · peMeCJlO
KY3Beqa', .sawdagari cT prOBJI.H' It T.,n.
Ha3BaRH.R 3aB.HTHA: dGyi-gari, · 6b1Tb KOpMHJlHnel (cYIQ.)
mosali-gari · pa60Ta MeTe.JlbIQHKa'. .
3TOT CycM»HKC MOJ(eT 06p83oBhlBaTb oQKop6HTeJlbBhle CJlOBa:
lo ak-gari, 'Mome BlIJf1IecTBO', Id wana gari = yul-gari 'rJlynocTb'.
3TH CJlOBa qalQe c;»6pa3YIOTC.H OT -Ba3BaHHI J(HBOTBhI : xar-gari (OT
xar · oceJl').., ,saggari (OT, sag · co6aKa'), :gaw gari I rpy6ocTb'.
1f 32,: -gAr. . KaK H B J1T..: gonag&r · BHHOBBHK '" ,'parezgAr ., qeCT-
HhlA', · nOpJ1,nOQHhlir '(JlT. parh@zg ), .xas(t)g8r = talabgar 'cBaT'
H T.,n. AOOTp. aa -g4ri. '
1f 33-: -8. YMeBbmHTeJlbHhll H JlaCKaTeJlbHhlI cycl»cI»JfKC, npH-
coeA'JlH eMhlA, KaK B nymTY, coKpalQeBRhIM . ct»opMaM HMeH' co6c
BeHHblX: Nasr6 (OT Hacp), YAr6 (OT Hp Myx8MMa,n), Main8 (OT
MOHHy,n,nHH) H T.A.; K6. OOM · MaMa', ;KOTopoe npaKTHqeCKH BhI-
TeCHHJlO CJlOBO nana, .npOHCXOAHT H3 nWT. '8aM.
1f 34: ok. Cyct»ct»HKC, KOTOphiA CJleAyeT 3 HMeaeM H o6p83yeT
npHJlaraTeJlbHoe, o603HatlalOInee, nJloxylO npHBhltlKY': xaw6k · COH.H'
OT xaw · COH' (J1T. xwab), 'qirOk · pa3,npaXCHTeJlbBhlI' OT qar C rHea'
(J1T. qahr), geryAn6k · nJl8KCa' H3 geryan · nJlatl', }@r6k C CJlIOB.HBHI'
H3 ler · CJlIOHa'. CJleAyeT OTMeTHTb c!asp8 · JI RKHI' H T.,n.
CJleAYeT 3a ct»opMol 8a -enda (1f 23}: eend' + 6k t: tarsendok
'P06KHA' J armendok · 3aCTeH'DfBbll' (HHor,na aa3h1BaeTC.H TaKxce
Aannenf>k). Cp. j 49 HJlH' 55).
A6cTpaKTRblA Ha -it: armendoki C 3aCTeBtlHBOCTb' ,H T.,n.
1f 35: -8la. YMeHbmHTeJlbBhlII Cyct»ct»HKC B CJleAYIOInHX CJlOBax':
maAk81a 'rpeJlKa' (OT ma k '6YPAIOK') J zang8la · 6y6e8QHK' (OT
zang · 3BoaoK'). 3THMO.DOrH.srcJtoBa kol61a 'mapHK' He .RCBa" 'CJle-
JJ.YeT OTMeTHTb CJlOBO qand61 · MHJleHbKHA' (OT qand · caxap').
1f 36: .-sir. 06pa3ye-r Ha3BaHH.R MeCTa, KaK namaksar
i COJlOJltlaK', aJiM KaqeCTBa, KaK xaksar- · CMHpeBBblA' HnH ma1i-
- -
mat-sar ' o6BHHJ.leMbll' J arm-sar 'npHcThlJ(eBBbJI'; sangsSr
11-3 63
165
03118QaeT C 3fU(JlA8BBblI KauHB JlJ JlJlH '3a6paeblB8H11'e K8M8.HMH'.
,. 37: 40. Cyt4J.u&, Y1i83W881Ooudt aa BMec.TllJlHllte '181'0.
JUI6o: royand&u J KaCTplO.I,B A.a. TOD'JlelDlJr )f(-.pa', ,kidSa - 'Metro,
rA COMP_It'fC3 KOp'M n.lJl exo.,a" (OT kB C.COJlOMa' JIT. kah), 'a an
c 6a AD BO.QhI' . T.,Q. HmepeellO OH.l.O 6IJ& AI.I",ftJffb MCXOAflOe CJIOBO B
£zd8n' 'COCYA 83 TepaKOTY AU xpaBeHJI. xJIe6a', . ir-dan C Chi-
qyr, mtauoro )IUIBOTlIOro.', adAoak & .apoBU J .
» 3a: -dim. CycHtJIKc eo 3JIa'leBJleM TO-AeCTBeIlllYM npe
AY MY. 80 OGJlee ynarpe6J1TeJlJ»III5iII: namak-dani 'CO.lOlIKa', ,more-
dam · nepeq ', cly-dsni Jqal BIIK AJUI KIIDSqeSU' (qalRHK JUI
3&BapU 883'WBaeTC. ar"'R -ak) , I qan-dani I caxapBJIqa', gol-diRi
'B838 .Q S BeTOB' It T..Q.,
» 39: -zar. 06pa3ye'P HMeBa MeCTa : gol-z.ar C I(BeTHHK', .reg-
zar · neC1I811W1 nyCThlHS', ' ora-zar 'COJlOIftl8K'; 60Jlee cBoeo6pa3-
Hht: pay-z8r C 06YBb', . pay-zir-a C Q8CTb CTeHhI HHx<e KapuH9a'.
» 40: -s3r/-s@1. YK83h1B8eT R8 KJlKMaT B ABYX CJlOB : garm-
ser ')I(apKJlI (paltoB)', sard-ser 'XOJloAllbli (paAoH)'.
» 41,: ,-stan/-e'stAn. 'Cyq.«pHKC, YKa3b1B'aIOInHA MeCTO HJlK
cTpasy: golest8n 'C8.Q QBeTOB', ,regestan C neCtlaH8.s nycTblHJI',
. koyestAn C rOpKCTaJI Me TBocTb', Ondostan - HH.nH.H (ondu 'HH-
AYC') H ondostani 'HHAHeQ (8 TOM tlHCJIe H MYCYJlbMaHHH )'.
42,: .-war. B ma-war 'ex<eMeCBtlHblA', afta-war C ex<ene-
AeJlbHbIl' ... H 8 om@d-war C naAeIOIUHAcs', C )l(AY HA', s6gW8r C Ho-
CSIUHA yp' H T.,Q.
,42- : ,-war. CY<PtPHKC,'KOTOpbIl: 3aHMCTBOBaB, no-BH.QHMO-
MY, H3 XHHAYCT88H HJlH nymTY, H o6pa3yeT npOH3BOABhle CJl08a OT
TOnOHHMOB, OKJlHtlHBalOInHXCB a8 rJlacHhlA: Baraki-war C H3 Bapa-
KH J , .Kaman-war 'H3 KaMapH'.
4a: ,-wara. B CJIOB8 : gO wara C cepbra', rgawara 'KOJlhl6eJlb'.
If 44: -war€/-ware. 'CycpctJJII(t:} DO.lto6)fJl c 8.ltBep6HaJl R M 3S8-
qeBHeM (I'Opa3AO 60Jlee yn Tpe6HreJlbBblI, qeM CT8pblA cycpctaHKC
.IT. -war) npacoeWfueTC3 K J11060MY CJlOBY:. yo i-ware · K8K JlaCTOq-
K3','.gol-wAre 'KaK QB OK'J ma-ware 'K8KMhl J , .ami-wUe 'KaK
STO', 1"XU WSre 'aeD.loxoA', ,k ware 'seMBoxtKo', .oz-e wll
.qyTb-qyTb' iI TeA.
168
" 45: -win. '.06p83YeT 1IB3BaBJUI 8 31IpareJl -CTopOJKeti,
BGAKre.leA H T.D. (JiT. -bin)': darwSza-wan 'DpJlBpaTBIIK', ,bSywan
· caADB8IfK " .Sar&y-win 4 B.aa.tte Xapasau-caPaJl', -iJotor...an f 80-
rOJfBtHK Bep6B) a , .gadi-W8n -b.-W8n 'B03BH a'J .:keJti-w&
C J10A01lRHK'; BOBbie CJlOBa: motar-wan 'Blo4»ep', tay8ra-W8n C J1eT-
,
qllK H T./J...
ODAeT M TaK. : saya-wan '308TIO( (OT co )' f "ueg8-wan
'CTOPO)K' (negS kadan cCTOpoKllTb,'f c6epe1lb')., 'po ti-wao 'DOICpo-
BHTeJlb '. .
If 46: -w81i. .3SKJlMTIf1leCKBa cy4JcPlIKc, 38J1MCTBOBaSIUI .3
XKBAYCTa8H II DYDIry If 0603Ha1l8J01I{1I1 nplUlaJt.le)l{JlOC'l'b B pa 8H
3H8qeRJ(jf ; 3TO K8C8.eTC.H "1fH.nKallHSMOB", 6o.aee -lUH MeBee YC-
Boe' x BYJlbrapflblM Ka6YJlH':
Ra3B8BHB BJI8AeJl eB JlJlH .pacuopSI.QHTe.lel: xSna-w81a,
bay-wala, ,'sinoma-wala (OT sinoma 'KHBO'), .kafi-wSIS (OT kafi
'Kacpe') ;
. Ha3BaHH.H npOAaBnOB, peMeCJleH8HKOB: mfi yi-wAIS (OT mayi
, pbI6a'), IS'8t-wala (OT ' 1IaCbI'), , ir-yax-wala (OT 'MopoxceHoe'),
pustin-wila (OT 'OBeqb.H wy6a') H T.A. ·
JIIOAH pa3J1HQHbIX 3aH.HTHA.: axbar-w61S C )KypHaJlHCT', C npoAa-
Ben ra3eT', felm-wilA-6 C KHHOWHHKH', daktar-e n8kari-wala
c A )KYPHbIA Bpa1l'. OTMeTHM TaK)Ke «p pa 3 hI'": xe t-wala kis C KTO
noweJl c 6y6eH?', kola"-wala amad' QeJlOBeK..8 manKe ,npHmeJI'
HJlH 'TOT, Y Koro npOH30WJla HCTOpH.H C maoKoA, npHIiIeJl'.
npHJlarareJlbHbIe, 8311TbIe H3 8YJlbrapHoro YP.DY, TaKHe KaK
xod-extyar-waIA ' CBo6o;QHblA B BbI6ope'.
C HHcpHHHTHBaMH (nepeXOAHblX, aenepeXOAHblX, npOCTbIx H
CJIOJKHbIX rJlarOJlOB) pytP«PHKC wila o6pa3yeT mHpoKO ynoTpe6H-
TeJlbHble HMeaa Ae.HTeJl.H': raf -wala C HAYll(HH', · TOT, KTO AOJl-
)KeH HATH' (9KBHB. npH'laCTHIO 6YAYll(erO BpeMeHH), 'Aodan-wala,
zadan-wala, ko tan-wala, -xaw-kadan-w i, porsan-kadan-wala H
T.A. HHor Aa H86J1IOAaIOTC nJleOHa3Mbr: fr6Jenda-wala C npOAaBeQ',
bafenda-wala.
If 47,: .- i. . Cy«IJcpHKC, 38HMCTBOBaBHbiA H3 TlOpKCKHX .H3b1KOB,
0603HaQaeT 3aHBTHe QeJlOBeKa.:. qabfi C npHBpaTHHK', samlwft(r)- i
, 1-4 63
167
· BJl8AeJleq qaJlHoJl' (samAwir · CaMOBap'). Ha3BaHHe MY3b1KaHTa
(HCXO.QSoe CJlOBO -8B3Bamte HflCTp e8Ta): tambur(a)- i, tula- i,
somay<i, e8rangci, -tabla-fi 'clJJleATHCT'; C HOBblMH 3aHMCTBOBa-
HMJlMJt: wailon-l5i · CKpHOaq'.
OTMeTHM CJlOBO yazni i · ra HHe ' H T.A., rAe - -i YKa3b1-
BaeT Ra npHRaAJleJ(HOCTb (cp. If 1).
If 4&: -bly. 'B CJlOBe nan-bay 'neKapb' (JiT. nan-wi).
1f 49: -wi. B CJlOBe: pel-wi 'PYKOBOAHTeJlb', · npeABOAH-
TeJlb' .
If 50: ,-aware 'B CJleAYIOIQHX CJlOBax: delawar · xpa6phlA', I bax
ttwar 'CqaCTJlHBblA', zOr war 'HaCTohHBhlA'; a6CTpaKTHblA
CYct»ct»JtKC Ha 1': dellwari 'xpa6pOCTb' .
If 51-: -as. CM.tfi37, 138: 139.
If 52: -as CM.H137. 138.
157. CYct»ct»HKC8JlbHhle CJlOBa,
BblpaXCalOlQHe JlaCKY HJlH YBaxceHHe
jin · Ayma"( jAn-el bar-Smad · OH YMep')HJlH,' TeJlO"( da jAn-et
na-x8rd · Te6J1 He 3aAeJlO); npH6aBJI.HeTC.H K c06cTBeHHblM :IMeHaM;
oc06eRRO npH 06palQeRHH': kika-jan · ,It.HAlOmKa', .madar-jin 'MaMOq.-
Ka', rafiq-jAn · AoporoA APyr' ('AopOra.H nOAPyra'), .Karim-jsn,
Karima-jAn. MO)l(HO Aaxce YCJlhlwaTb K8bo1-jan · J1io6HMblA Ka6YJl'.
PeAKO ynOTpe6J1.HeTC.H C Ra3BaHH.HMH npe,QMeTOB.
ji - CJlOBO HRAHAcKoro npOKCXOXCAeHH.H. Ero ynoTpe6J1eHHe
BeCbMa OrpaHHqeHO: t&kor-ji H lftla-ji (npH 06pameHHH K a6YJl.b-
CKHM Topr9BQaM - HH.nycaM H CHKxaM), Azra(t)-ji (HMSI CB.HTOro).
xAn.03HaQaeT · rocnoAHH' H CJle,QyeT 3a HMeaaMH COOOTBeH-
&hIMH: Anwa x&n · r-H AlIBap'. . J(eBCKHe HMeHa c06CTBeRHble (ne-
peA KOTOpblMH AO ReAaBRero BpeMeHH ynoTpe6J1J1J1ocb CJlOBO bjbi)
ynoTpe6J1.HIOTC.H C nocJleAYIOmHM begom (AJI.H AeByweK) H xanom (AJI.H
3aMyxcHHx )l(eHIQHH). OpMbI 06palQeHH.H nywTY: tayalai C rocnoAHH',
p@Jla · MHCC' H m@nnon · rocnoxca' ynoTpe6J1J1IOTC.H nepeA HMeHBMH
H HcnoJlb3YIOTC.H B oct»H HaJlbBhlX ,ltoKYMeHTax.
168
'siyb (H3 apa6. fSbeb) npHcoe,QHOeTC.B K THT)'JlY': modir-
sGyb · r-H AHpeKTOp', ,qomlnd&n 'sayb · r-8 npecl»eKT nOJlHQII...
POBOPHJlH' Aa)f(e: amir-sAyb, a n03Aaee - IlBzrat-sAyb (JiT. 11-
azrat) npH 06pameBHH K KOpOJIlO e s8yb, B OTJlHQXe OT YP,QY H
nymTY, He npHCOeAHH.BeT B K HMe8aM co6cTBe M.
157-a. Cy4»4»HKCbI B repMH8BX poACTBa
CYcl»cI»HKC MY1KCKOrO pOAa - xosor (6YKBe · TeCTb' HJlH · CB&-
KOp')': k8k& · A.BAB (no OTIG')' H k8kt-xosor · ,QBA.B 1Kellhl (MY1Ka)',
mami · AJI,Q.B (no MaTepH)' H mlm xo'sor · A.B,Q.B 1Ke8b1 (MY1K8)' ..
Cycl»cI»HKC 1Ke8CKOro pOA8 -xo u (6YKB. 'TelUa' HJlH · CBeKpOBb J.:
amma · TeT.B (nO OTqy)' (ap tam a) H 801ma-xolu · TeTS 1Ke8hl
(MY1Ka)', x81a · TeT.B (no MaTepH)' H x81a-xo u · TeT.B )J(eBhl (MY-
1Ka)' .
. -8J;ldat: mAdar-aodar' MaQeXa' (t)8. J 64), padar-andar · OT-
'1HM', ,byAdar-andar 'CBOA8h1A 6paT', .xwar-andar 'CBO,QBB.B cecTpa',
ba a-andar · nachiBoK', . doxtar-aodar · naA'IepH a', I kAka-andar
· CBOAIIbIA 6paT OT ', amma-aodar · CBOA88.B ceCTp8 oT a', m a-
aodar · CBOA8h1A 6paT MaTepH', x&la-andar · CBOAHa.B cecTpa MaTe-
pH'.
'n p e (J u . C tJ A fI H weft po. S , 0 0 H ,, C" A 0 tJ tJ
158
npeBep6b1 war-, bar-, far-, J1T. £ero(d). 'OAHOCJI01KHble cl»op-
MbI, npeAmeCTBYIOIQHe rJlarOJlb80MY KOp8lO, C KOTOphiM OHH 06pa-
3YlOT OAHO QeJloe (CM. fi 65, 153, 15 ) (MHI BCTpeTHM APyrHe ")f(H-
Bhle" npecl»JJKchI, KOTophie He a3ytOT 'eAH80ro eJloro C rJlarOJlb-
ffblM Kop8eM.) OTMeTJIM npJf1l'CTHe npomeAmero BpeMe8H: wl-
minda · 3a6pomeH8h11' .
01 - npe«l»HKc, npRcoe,QHoeMhlA, K8K II B JlT.,. K npHJlaraTeJlb-
HhlM, npH,QaBa.B HM OTp aTeJlb80e 3I1BQe8J18: n8-plk '.8eQK.CThlA L ,
ot-mard · TPYC', ,oa-zan · Dpe3pe81HU1 aeBlQHB8'. oa-ml · 60Jlb801',
oS-wax{t) · n03ABO'. '
]69
C 01'rJlarOAIIhIMH 1IpOII m.MJf -C.OBaMH - C ,npHqaCTH.HMH':
uS-bin& ' c.aeaoA', nS-mordani '6eocM TBblA', _ioa-kesta - Heno-
' w.YI ', ,g&-ndta -.roT, ,",0."- ,.eJl , D8-dida 'BJlqero Be SH-
.QeBllld'; . rJlaroAhBWM K opll8M . OTr..arOJlhlllllM CYJQeCTBHTeJIb-
8blM': ni-dOxt '.tle cm1ft'bli', ...i ienis · se 388.KOM hi A' , n8-din 'He-
seaaa', ,gA-z&y 4CiecBJlO.....-<_eMt_II8)'.
.
Da - c c. D ""eMwA-K c,.ecmMTeAbIiliM H
06PR3YmlPlJi DptI..arareJibale: nS-fm -(JlT. IiG-om d) -'6e388-
.QeJK8b1A', 11 ar' 6ecROJle3SWII' .
B C.lO IIWX c.osax -of qaCTO DOMelQaeTCJI B cepe.QHHe:
xod8-nt-tars · tie fiG.....cs &ora', 'pmste&.na-kada-gar · He
DOK OIlll»...CJl', .'88far-Di-keda 'Be .DWS8BtIIJdI B nyremeCfJlJIIJlX',
gaP-na..;f8m.. ' Be UOSIIMam.d OB', t@z-na-raftan-w81i 'He IIAY-
WKJi 6b1CTpO'.
MMeeTCJI na- BMeCTO -ni-: na-m6rdani ' 6eCCMepTHblR',
na-goftani '.TO, qero Be CJleaYeT rOBOpHTb', .na-raftan-waIS 'He
HAYIItHII' H T.n. (Cpe OTp areJlbHhle HH4JHRHTHBhI': na-m8rdan · He
YMHpaTb', · na-raftan H T.A., K KOTOpblM npacoe,nHH.HeTCJI Cycpct»HKC
-i ) (CM. ! 156, 1t I-a).
b@.. '6e3": b@gon6 'aeBHBHhll', ,b@-kas '6 cnoMomIlblA',.
be-(w)-u (J1T. b@-hu ) 'DOTePJIBnntA C03BaBMe' H T.A- CJle.oyerr OT-
MeTHTb": b@-kir ' 6e3pa6oTBhlR' (a6PTp. b@-kari), b@"kara '6ec-
nOJle38b1A' (aooTp. b@-karagi), .b goft 'HenOcJlymHblA', ,be-gB
'D03t\fiO BOqepOM', M-g1-yi ' B TeqeRJIe BOtOl'.
am- (J1T. ham) 'CO-' am-watan · COOTeqeCTBeHHHK', am-safar
'nonYTlIHK', ,am-$a 'coce.u. no AOMY' K T .
xod- _ 'caMo-": xod-xa (JiT. xwod-xwah) 'sroHcT' H T...Q.
He,naBRee 06pa3OBaRHe: xod-rang 'aBTopyqKa' (K6. rang · qepHHJla').
3T0 OTBOCMTCB CKOpee K CJlOBOCJlO})(eRllIO.
ECTb H APyrlle CAOJ(Hhle CJlOBa, nepBblJi KOMnOlleHT KOTOpblX
(ero MO&HO paCCMaTpHsaTb KaK npect»HKc) SSJlSeTCJl npeAJlOrOM,
aapeqlfeM KJlH OpHJlarareJlbBhlM (CM. 167, 168).
To JKe KacaeTCJI H CJlOB C )'BeJlJl1lHTe.lbBhlM 3BaqeRHeM. 06- ,
p83yeMblx DYTeM npe«l»HKc8QIDI HMen.:
It- (J1T. ih-): 3-par '60.lbllof n.&aBtfHK', i-k sa c 60 b aJl
110
A .
MMCKa', sa-tut - BHA TYTOBaKKa c OOJ:bm H HCJlblMH .arO,QaMH,
'sa-balut '/I.y6', 'sa-rag C .apeM-llU. Be sa' , 'sa-boz c60 bmoJi.'K03,eA' H T.A-
gaw- · 6b1x lt : gaw-zambur - BIIA 60.lbBlBX 00, ga a -
BHA Bopo6hJl, gaw-sandoq · qeMO aBJ.
xar- · oceJl ar : xar-b8daoa - BB,. oepeneJla, X8P-1D6ra (JIT. xa..
mokra) c 3eJleBhll KaMeHb (ae.Qparo elUlHl)'. OTMeTJIM: qar-aftawa
. \ '
'60JlbIDOI KYBlBwa'.
K01i'.....". .CpfUl4B..... 80.110'.
15!t
B 60JlbIDJJ8CTB8 cJlyqaeB 50Aee .QJlXBRaSl qaCTb KOny ...TJ1B8
OK83h1B8eTC.B aa BTOpoM Mecre.
160. r Jlaro.lbaHe KonYJlBTJlBbI
r JlarOJlbBhle KOnyJl3THBhI o6pa3Y1OT "qaCTOTBble ' cymecTBJI-
TeJlbHhle, Bhlpa.alOIQHe cepHlO OAH.88KOBHX nOBTopaeMhlx AeAcTBJdI,
JlH60 6b1CTphlX H 6ecDOpJlAOQBhlX B Te'lelDle K8KOi'o-TO npoMeaYTKa
BpeMeHH, JlH60 AJlHTeAbBhlX' AeAcTBu HJlM- cocTOBm.
opMa "nOBeJlJfTeJlbBOrO R8KJlOBeBU" HrpaeT Ba)K.8ytO pOJlb
B rJlarOJlbHbIX KonyJlBTHBaX H CJlO)KHhlX CJlOBax.; B03MO)KHO, 9THMO-'.
JlOrHtfeCKH 9TO KOpeRb aaCTo.aIQerO BpeMeHH - aooTpaKTBoe cYlQeCT-
BHTeJlbHOe (CM. .9 149). H3h1KOBOe qYBCTBO BOcnpHHJfMaeT 9TO HHor-.
',[\a (oc06eHHo B rex CJlyqaBX, Kor.na eMY npeAmeCTByeT qaCT a be-)
KaK nOBeJIMTeJlbBOe H8.KJlOReBHe.
npOCToe DOBTope8lfe (c COenMBK'1'eJlblJhlM -0 HJlB 6e3 Hero)
"nOBeJlHTeJlb noro BalUlOHeRHB II.: be-zan-be- an · cy aToxa', :' Apa-
Ka'".be-kan-be-kan 'CYMaToxa (T tulnN , yxon)nnel OTKYA8-Jl.)'. Oaaa
'H3 cpOpM "nOBe JI'I'eJibBOrO BaKAOReBU" MO&eT 6h1Th OTp Te
BoA: ho-r6( w) na-r6 1 aepellUlTeJlhBOOTb O'tBOCHT8J1bBO noe3AKJi'.
"nOSeJlJfTeJlbBoe B8UOBe1lJle" yx'rA8ro OB: 'coop',
I Kpn J, ,ta aw -I noro.JQl'. begir-o- be 1 JlS6I1eBRe' = bezan-o-
bek8ll; 0,&88 1f3 cl»OpM - OTp TeJlbmut:. begir-o-nam&n C DOIIMK8
qaJlOBeXa', · CYMaTOxa'. . nOJLBlJalIDIeM JlT. '-ma BMeCTO K6. -Jia;
17]
ka ma-ka 'CTblqKa'.- (OTMeTHM ae.l(aBSee HBAHAcKoe 3aHMCTBO-
Bane: l@n-O-d@n 'TOprOBJlB' ,,)'
npeTepHT, 38 KOTOpblM CJle yeT COe.l(HHHTeJlbHoe -0 H "no-
BeJlHTe bHoe SaKJlOa8BHe" (HJlH KOpeHb HaCTOBIQerO BpeMeHH -
. -
a6CTpaKTSoe CYIQeCTBHTeJlbHoe) Toro .e rJlaroJla: bud-o-biJ I npe-
6b1BaHHe', ,raft.-o-raw 'XO)KAeBHe', .xarid-o-for6-J 'TOprOBJlB', · poxt-
o-paz 'npHrO OBJleHHe nHIQH', .go t g6y 'pa3ro op'. . nOpBAOK BB-
J1BeTCB 06paTBblM B: band-o-bast 'COrJlameBHe , ast-o-bud C CpeA-
CTBa K CYlQeCTBOB8HIRO', '60ra'I'cTBo'. - .nBB pa3Bb1X rJIarOJIa B:
ie!t- o-x@z '3.B8.KOMCTBO'.
.nB& npeTepHTa, coeAHHeBBble . :npH nOMOIQH -0: amad-o-raft
I XOKAeBHe', .gOft-o-sonid C 06cYK,QeBHe', .did-o-gereft c KOMMep B',
x8rd-o-b6rd 'B3BTOqBlftleCTBO', ,za xord ' APaKa'. . nOA BJlMBHHeM
J1T. ne ast-o-bar-x8st '3&aKOMCTBO'..
j 161. pyrHe KonYJlBTlfBbI.
KOnyJlBTHB HCKJlmqHTeJlbHO
ceMaBTHQeCKOrO nOpHAKa
CJlOBa', 0603B8Qam1QHe OA8opoABbie npeAMeTbt: k6-w-o-da!t
'ropa H P8BBHS8', .zamin-o-Ismln 'ae60 H 3eMJlB', ,gaw-o-xar
'6ti1K H oceJl'; C CKOT', xord-o-reza I MeJlOqb', ,ko t-o-xun 'KpOBo-
OpOJlHTHe', ,ai -o-ntJ! 'noooAKa', ,farlM>-narm ; J1aJ(OM e KycOqKH';
OpBJlaraT8JlbBoe: tit-o-par-ak '6ecnopJIAOQBhlA'.
ABTOBHMbt: xubi-w-badi .' Ao6po H 3J10', 'rO o- aw '.neHb H
BOQb'. .:no QaIQe Bcero KacaeTCB nplfJlaraTeJlbahIx, KOTop e MO-
,rYT ynoTpe6JU1TbCB H cy6cTaHTHBHo:' xord-o-kalin 'M8JlblA H 60.lb-
mol-'; 'Bce', .il-w-b811 = pax -o-beland 'B COKHA H BH3KHI',
pax -w-belandi 'aepOBHOCTif (sanpllMep, MecTBocTIf)', ,saN)-z@r
'Bepx H BH3'; I cMecb', · sia-w sa.f@d ' epBhlI' If 6e.lhlA' (= ablaq) ,
'Iax tereng 'TBepAhiI', ,b8rd-o-blxt 'BbI rpblm H npoHrpblm',
garm-o-sard 'TeILlhlI H XOJlOABblA'. .C.leAYeT OTMeTIfTb BblpaxteBHB
garm-o-sard !od-om 'B npocTYAUCJI', xo k tar axt (roBopBT,
KorAa 803Me3Alfe nOOTlfraeT Aa e B8BlfBOBBblX) H T..Q.
COeAHBHTeJlbBOe -0- B BeKOTOp x KOnyJlJlTIlBaX J1Hmb nOApa-
3YMeBaeTCB (CM. i _J35). '
"]72.
162. 06mHoCTb 4toHeM Y 9J1eMeBTOB KonYJlBTHBa
Peqb HAeT 06 OAHOM HJlH ABYx 0AHHaKOBbIX COrJlaCHblX, KOTO-
pble qaCTO BCTpe'laIOTC.H B 060HX 9J1eMeHT8X KonYJI.HTHBa. CMbICJI
KOHCTpYKnHH 06bI'IHO He 3aBHCHT OT TOro, B KaKoA Mepe' npO.HBJI.HeT-.
C.H B KonYJI.HTHBe 4toHe HqeCKOe CXOACTBO (nOBCIOAY B TaKHX KOny-
J1.HTHB8X na6J1IOA8eTC.H npeHe6peJKHTeJlbBblA: OTTeHOK):
b@x-o-bon ok · rJly60KHe KOpHH (qero-Jl. nJlo.xoro)', ' un-o- eri
c HeYMeCTHbIe BonpOCbI , kenn-o-kana c HaceKOMbIe-napa3HTbI', darz-
o-d6z · MeJlKHe wBeAHbIe pa60TbI', mo -o-masala · np..npaBhI' (B
WHpOKOM CMbICJle - · MeJlKHe AeTaJlH'). BTOpoA 9J1eMeHT KonyJl.HTHBa
MOJKeT 6bITb 3aHMCTBOBaHHeM': ur-o- apaw · rpa6e)1(H' (TlOpK.), q-
<>:,poraq I npOH3HTeJlbHbIe KPHKH' (H3 HRA. pokar C MeTaTe30A), x@' -
o-xaw'and · pOACTBeHHHKH (AanbHHe H MHOrOqHCJleHBble)' (nwT.). nOA
BJlH.HHHeM J1T..: zamin-o-zaman"' BCeJleHHa.H'.
npHJlaraTeJlbHbIe: zard-o-zar "XHJlbIA:", pot-o-penan C Cnp.HTaa-
HbIA', ,yaip-o-yirat (cp. J1T. yaib/yayeb) C nponaBwHA', . al-o-lot
· nOJIHOCTblO napaJlH30B8HHblA' H T.A.
BTOpoA 9J1eMeHT KonYJI.HTHBa MO)KeT 6bITb CJlOBOM C Beonpe-
AeJleHHhlM HJlH HeH3BeCT8bIM CMblCJlOM': kalla-w-kSpuz (BYJlbr.)
C pOJKa', '6aWKa' (cp. puz · MOPAa'), tanna-w-to'Ja 'orpOMHa.H ct»H-
rypa', ob-o-caxt '6aJlKH H naHeJiH (pa3PyweHHoro AOMa)', kana-
w-katal · cTapbe' H T.,n. 06a 9J1eMeHT8 nOAXOA.HT nOA 9TY xapaKTe-
PHCTHKY': ann-o- akaI C rpYAa (HanpHMep, M.HCa)' (cp.. arb · JKHp-
HbIA'), .k6ri-w-kabut-i I cKynocTb' H T.A. OTMeTHM': le"s-o-lebas
I H3J1HWH.H.H nepeMoHHocTb'.
163. KonYJI.HTHBbI, 9J1eMeHTbI KOTOpbIX
pa3J1H'1aIOTCB OAHHM rJlaCHblM
BTOpoA 9J1eMeHT He HMeeT caMoc;:S:>BTeJlbHOrO CMbICJla. CJle-
AyeT OTMeTHTb npeHe6peJKHTeJlbHblA xapaKTep KonYJI.HTHBa: Tar-o-
yur C AblPbl', . rS-wo-ro · AoporH', 'm' -o-mu C 06bBTH.H', ,radd-o-
rawud · CJleAbI'. CJleAyeT OTMeTHTb tak-o-tok · 6e3AeJlywKa' (3BY-
KonoApaJKaTeJlbHOrO npoHcxo)KAeHH.H) C06cTBeHHo 3BYKonoApaJKa-
8HB": tarag-o-toroq, taraqa.s-o-toroqas, garamb-o-goromb, garambas-
173.
o- orombas 0603HaQalOT 3BYKH (qal1(e BCerO - HenpWlTHbIe) pa3-
J1HqHOIi npHpO,QbI (HJlH qaCTOTbI).
9 164. KonYJl.HTHBbI-9XO. MOXMaJib
BTOpoli 9J1eMeHT OTJlHqaeTC.H OT nepBoro J1Hmb aaqaJlbHblM
COrJlaCHhlM. 3TO TaK)I(e KaCaeTC.H B OCHOBHOM CJlOB C npeHe6pe)l(H-
TeJlbHblM 3HaqeHHeM.
JIHWb B HeKoTopblX cJlyqa.HX Me)l(,Qy ,QBYM.H 9J1eMeHTaMH Kony-
J1.HTHBa CYl1(eCTByeT ceMaRTHqeCKOe OTHoweHHe: garro-o-nann 'Ten-
J1b11i H M.HrKHA (HanpHMep, nOCTeJlb)'; TaKOe)l(e OTHomeHHe B kalla-
w-sala 'rOJlOBa H qaJlMa (He,QocToliHoro qeJlOBeKa)', ,OHO Y>Ke C
TPY,QOM pa3J1HqHMO, HanpHMep, B mast-o-alest 'BeCeJlblli'. OTMeTHM
sar-o-bar · BHemHHIi BH,Q', ,ri-w- a (' ,Qopora H cJle,Q') = · Xopoma.H
H nJlOxa.H ,Qopora', kar-o-bar '3aH.HTH.H',.',Qe Jla' .
3BYKonO.l(pa)l(aHHJt : Aarang-o-tarang · 380 H'. Bblpa)l(eHHe CH.H-
HH.ft: jal-o-bal kadan 'CBepKaTb'.
BTOpoA 9J1eMeHT MO)l(eT 6bITb CJlOBOM, KOTopoe He HMeeT
CMblCJla caMO no ce6e (OHO no cnpaBe,QJlHBOCTH HMeHyeTC.H rpaM-
MaTHKaMH MOXMaJib · 6eCCMblCJlHna'), . 06pa30B lUfoe no aJlIlHTepa.-_
HH OT nepBoro 9J1eMeHTa Kony J1.HTHBa.
ABa 9J1eMe HTa Kony J1.HTHBa pa3J1HqaIOTC.H J1Hmb CBOHMH HaqaJlb-
HblMli cor.1uicHblMH, TaK qTO BO BTOpOM H3 HHX HaqaJlbHblli corJlac-
Hblii .HBJI.HeTC.H ry6Hb1M': kaj-o-waj 'YP0,QJlHBbIA'" tart-o-fart 'pacTo-
qeHHe' (cp. J1T. tard), u -o-puc 'pe6.HTa'. Coe,QHHHTeJlbHOe -0-
qaCTO o.nycKaeTC.H': gad-wad 'pa3p03HeHHblA', .reza-peza = rezgi-
pezgi · 6e'3,QeJlywKH', , ati-pati 'rJlynocTH', · nycT.HKH'. KaK MO)l(HO
3aMeTHTb, 9TO KaCaeTC.H npcHe6pe)l(HTeJlbHhlX J10B.
CJle.nyeT OTMeTHTb Bblpa)l(eHHe': na-arsi na-parsi 'aH 3,QpaBCT-
ByA, 8H np0l1(aA' (parsi · nepcHACKoe CJlOBO', .T.e. 'npHBeTcTB e',
irsi, .KaK Ka)l(eTC.H, eCTb MOXMaJib OT parsi H COCTaBJleHO B npOTH-
'BOnOJlO)l(80CTb 0611(eMY npaBHJlY).
3BYKono,Qpa)KaHH.H': taraq-o-paraq (3BOH ,QoMamHeA YTBapH),
iq-o-piq 'BOnJlH' H T.,Q.
174
Bblwe petlb wJla 06 oc06b1x cJlYtla.Hx, no 06
eMY )Ke npaBHJlY,
MOXMaJib HatlHHaeTC.H C m":: o
tok-mo.Atok C pe6eHoK', ,nan-man
C nHIna', ,ketab-metab C KHJf)f(OHKa', .doz-moz C BopHwKa' If T.A. Ta-
KHM cnoc060M MO)l(HO nocTpoHTb MOXMaJib nO
TH OT Bcex CJlOB (3a
HCKJllOtleHHeM cnp.HraeMblX rJlarOJlbRblX'4»opM).
H3bIK H36eraeT nocTpOeoHH.H MOXMaJl.H OT OAHOCJlO)l(HbIX CJlOB,
3a HCKJllOtleHHeM cYIneCTBHTeJlbHblx..
, Ko.rAa CJlOB,O HatlHHaeTC.H c m-, .ero nOBTopeBHe AaeT MOX-
MaJlb': mar-mar '3Me.H (npeHe6p.)'. 'OTMeTHM!: maza-taza na-dara
C 6e3BKycHO'.
OtleBHAHO, no aHaJlOrHH C rJlarOJlbHblMH KonYJI.HTHBaMH JlHT&-
paTypHoro .H3b1Ka, TaKHMH KaK kon-makon, dar-madar (YTBepAH-
TeJlbHa.H nJilOc oTpH
aTeJlbHa.H CPOpMbI nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HaKJlOHeHH.H)
H nOA BJlH.HHReM nYWTY (tlTO npoHcxoAHT BeCbMa tlaCTo) Ka6YJlH
HMeeT (HMeHHbIe)' KonYJI.HTHBbI, TaKHe KaK
kor-mak8r-i 'cJlenoA
(npeHe6p.)', '
ar-ma
6r I cYMaToxa J , 'fat-mayat-81 I nyTaHHQa',
'6ecnop.HAoK' (cp. K6. gat I cMewaHHbIA'), .yal-mayAI 'KpHK'. OA-
HaKO B 9TOM cJlYtlae HeJlb3.H rOBopHT
0 MOXMaJle B c06cTBeHHoM
CMblCJle CJlOBa. '
165. nOBTOpbI
nOBTOp CJlOB Bcer Aa HMeeT ceMaHTHtlecKYIO OCHOBY': OR YKa-
3b1BaeT Ha qacTOTY HJlH 06HJlHe (H B KaKoA-TO Mepe HMeeT npeHe6-
pe>KHTeJlbHhlA CMbICJI).
CJIOBa, CB.H3aHRble npeAJlOrOM H 0603HatlalOw.He B3aHM03a-
BHCHMOCTb - npeAJlor da': po,
t-da-po
t C cnHRa K cnHRe', pay-da-
pay posidan C H8AeBaTb 6aWMaKH He Ha TY Hory' H T.A. npeAJlor
ba He 3aMew.aeTC.H npeAJlOrOM da (cp.
126) B cpopMax, HMelO-
W.HXC.H B JIT..: dest-ba-dest C no PYKaM', I H3 PYK B PYKH', sina- ba-
sina C rPYAb C rpYAblO't lab-ba-la:b C KpaA K KpalO', sar-ba-
sar · APyr aa APyre', sar-ba-sar-ak 'B 6ecnop.HAKe' (CM. cycpcp.
-ak
156, » 9), yak-ba-yak I no O
HOMY' H T.A.
CoeAHHHTeJlbHoe a, CXOAHoe c. JlT..:
aw-a-
aw I B TeqeHMe
TO
>Ke flO'lH', sar-a-sar · nOrOJlOBRO', ka
aka
· COCTB3aHHe',
· CYMaToxa' H T.A.
175
CymeCTBHTeJlbHble H npHJlaraTeJlb
e, Bblpa)l(alOInHe J1HOO
pa3J1HtlHble BHAhI qero-J1..: amad-amad 'npH6bITHe (MHOrHX J11O,neA)',
raqam-raqam = qesem-q
sem= ran
-rang 'p8.3Rble', 'J1H60 HetlTO pa3-
6HToe Ha tlaCTH: rabu-rabu = tek
tteka = paoca-par
a 'Ra KYCKH', ;
jaw-jaw = zalTa-zalTa = rezgi-rezgi 'pa3AP06J1eoHblit', qelem-qelem (
'pa36HTbIA Ha KYCKH (,nJlHHUblR npe,nMeT), ,.p1ira-para 'nOpBaRHblA',
qft
-qa
'pa3pe3aHHbIA (RanpHMep, ,nblRH) , , .kata-kata = kalan-kalan
'60JlbWHe...', ,
u
a-
u
a = r
za-reza ==
omun-comun' MaJlble...'.
J1H nepe
aqH
,neH rpylU1, TOJln: xel-x@1 gonje
'60JlbWHe
CTaH Bop06beB', dal-dal = jopa-j8pa 'TOJlnbl'.
1JacToTHhie npHJlarareJlbHble, O
HOCHII(HeCH K MHOrOQHCJleH-
HblM npe,nMeTaM HJlH K cOBoKynHocTHM H3 OT,neJlbHblX tlacTeA: xSna.
y..bE;land-beland 'BblCOKHe ,nOMa', kalSn-kalan tarbuz8 C KpynHble
ap6Y3h1'. 3TO HRor,na KacaeTca H CYlI(eCTBHTeJlbHblX, paCCMaTpH-
BaeMblX KaK npHJlaraTeJlbHble: pa
a-pa
a
tota-tota C H3MeJlbtleH-
HblA', . yadaI-yadal 'M3PblTbIA', solax-solax 'npo,nblpHBJleHHblA'.
"Hor,na caMO nOBTopeHHe CYlI(eCTBHTeJlbHoro ,naeT npHJlaraTeJlb-
Hoe: reg-
g 'MeJlKHR', xat-xat C nOJlocaTbIR', gal-gol H gol-gali
, nBeTacTblA', del-em aw-aw me-
a 6YKB. C Moe cep,nne nJlaBHTCH',
del-em re
ki-reski m@.
a C H rOpHtlO )KeJlalO'.
Pacnpe,neJlHTeJlbHbIe HapetlHH: yaka-yaka amadan C OHH npH-
WJlH no OAHOMY'. raw-raw ta-
odan 'OHM 6b1CTpO cnycTHJlHCb',
xarab-xarib-o
atal
atal newe
ta kadi 'TbI HanHCaJi nJloxo H rpH3-
HO (HanpHMep, Ka)K,nylO CTpaHHnY)', astS-'sta x8rdan' OHM Me,n-
JleHHO eJlH (Ka)K,nbIR KYCOK)' H T.,n.
B cJlytlae YKa3aTeJlbHbIX CJlOB (CM.
115) rOBOpH'l": inja-
. inja HJlM issu-issu 'clO
a-clO,na' (30RSI KOrO-JlH60), etto-etto
sorx sebS 'TaKHe KpacHbIe Sl6J10KH', eneqqa-eneqqa qand da ar
pyila C BOT no CTOJlbKY caxapy B Ka)K.!toR .tlaWKe'.
BonpOCHTeJlbHOe MeCTOHMeHHe: ki-ki amada bud 'KTO npH-
XO,nHJI? (Kor,na petlb H,neT 0 MHorHx)';
i-
i goftan 'tlTO OHM CKa-'
3aJlH? (Kax<,nhlA H3 HHX)',
i-raqam-
i-raqam kala po
ida bodan 'KaK
ORM 6b1J1H o,neTbI? (Ka)KAbIA H3 HHX)', can-
.an 'sala bodan C no CKOJlb-
KY J1eT HM 6b1J1o?' H T.,n.
Me)K,noMeTMH': e-
C sA!' (06palQaHCb K KOMY-J1.), wa-wS '6pa-
176
BO
(cM.9 136), j8n-jan = jegi-jegi (YMOJlJUI Koro.JI.)
jiw-jiw
kadan · Y HH)KeHHO YMOJlBTb' H T .A.
"ABoAHble" 3BYKonoApa)KaHHB': taq-taq (CTYK B ABepb), gar-
gar (rpoxoT MawHHbI) (CM. 9 137)'; KPHKH )l(HBOTHblJC: myaw-rnyaw -
MBYKaHHe (CM.
138
; Bblpa)l(eHHe CBeTOBbJX 'oIUYIUeRHA,: bal-bal
c 6J1eCK' - H TenJlOBblX oIUYIUeHHA: 01-01 · )Kapa' (CM. j 139) H T.A.
06pa30BaHHe HMeR Ra OCROBe 9THX CJlOB: yer-rer-Sn-ak · no-
rpeMyw
a', pun-p
n-ak C AYAKa' (CM. j 137).
r JlarOJlbHble qaCTOTBhle CJlOBa': di
a-dida amoita mE-fa · OR
npHBblKHeT, rJlBAB (AOJlro)', rafta-rafta C nOCTeneHHO', larzida-
larzida = larzenda-Iarzenda = larzan-Iarzan 'AP0)l(a' I · COAporaBCb',
zada-zada · nocJle CTOJlbKHX YCHJlHA'. CJlO)KRble rJlarOJlbl: ,kal-J<ada-
ka!-kada · BOJlOKOM'.
OTMeTHM TaK)Ke ct>oPMbI': kal-kaA-an · BOJlOKOM', xo
-xo5-&n
· C paAOCTblO'.
Tenepb MO)KRO C 60JlbweA JlerKOCTblO aRaJlH3HpOBaTb CJlO)l(-
Hble <!>OPMbI, HanpH
tep, B Bblpa)l(eBHBJC: delem re"Aki-re!ki me-Ia
· MHe OqeHb XOqeTCB'; deleA bad-bad me-
a · ero TOWRHT', 01-01-
em myAya · MeHB 6pocaeT B )Kap'. B Ka)KAOM cJlyqae peqb HAeT
06 OTHOCHTeJlbRO AOJlrOM H MyqHTeJlbRoM oIUYIUeRHH B opraRH3Me.
OTMeTHM': da zamin-zamin zad-e'
· OR nOBaJlHJI ero Ha 3eMJlIO
(ReCKOJlbKO pa3)'.
.0 II 0 8 0 CliO
e Hue
166. Oopa30BaHHe CYIUeCTBHTeJlbHblX
CJlO)KllbJe cYIUecTBHTeJlbHble, COCTOBIUHe H3 cYIUecTBHTeJIbHO-
Horo H npe,QJlora (HJlH RapeqHB), KOTOpblA Hrpa
T pOJIb npe<!>HKca:
sar-mSya · KanHTaJl', sare
ta, (sar-re
ta) · opraRH3aQHB', 'sar-
y6ta · HblpBHHe', sar-mallaq (JiT. mo
allaq) · npbl)KOK', z@r-jima(n)
'luTaHbl (BOCTOqHble), , z
r-p
rani · HH)KHBB PyoawKa', · MaAKa'.
CJlO>KHble CJlOBa (cyw.ecTBHTeJlbHge + cYIUecTBHTeJlbH
) C 3a-
BHCHMOCTblO, Ha3b1BaeMOA "o6paTHblM 'H3a<!>eToM ".: kO-daman ."noA-
HO>Kbe ropbl', gaw-karaci · TeJlera, B KOTOpylO 3anpBrBIOT 6b1KOB',
12-63
177
sag-angur-a
'naCJleH', xar-kora '
CJleHOK', aw-muri c nOA3eMHblA
apblK', A
"gaz 'CKaJlKa', gol-desta · 6YKeT nBeTOB', ewar-zan ')Ke
'
Ha 6paTa MY>Ka', aw-xore
. AHnCOMaHH.H' H T.A.
, .
BTOpoA 9J1eMeHT CJlO)KHOrO CJlOBa MO)KeT npH06peTaTb cy<!>-
tlIHKCaJlbHblIT xapaKTep: zargar-lta
a c CblH IOBeJlHpa', sawdagar- (
ba
a 'CblH KynQa', amma-z8da · ABOlOpOA8bIH 6paT' (CblH ceCTpbl
MaTepH), byadar-zs.da · nJleM.HHHHK' (CbIH 6paTa), xan-zada 'CbIH
xaaa', gonje
k-x@l HJlH gonje
k-bab · Bopo6bH', xordani-bab 'Itpo-
AYKTbI nHTaHH.H', j
w-daraw · BpeM.H c60pa .H'IMeH.H', gandom-daraw
· BpeM.H c60pa nweHHnbl', kabol- zamin 'KaOYJlbCKa.H OOJlaCTb'
torkestin
zamin 'TYPKeCTaHCKa.H 06J1aCTb', safa-xana 'OOJlbHHn a J
(H3 JlT.
ffl · HCneJleHHe'),
fip-xSna · THnorpa<!>H.H', a
paz-'xana
· KYXH.H', m@min-xAna 'rOCTHHa.H' (moryan
a 'KYP.HT HHK', BepO.HTHO,
BOCXOAHT K morl-xgn'a-
a), gaw...x
na 'KOpOBHHK', · CTOMO' ,
, A
dam-jay 'MecTo OTAblxa (Ha KpalO AOpo.rH)' H T.,Q.
'npHJlaraTeJlbHOe + CYIneCTBHTeJlbHoe': zard-mor<!a' )f(eJlTblH
MypaBeH'"
6r-pan@r 'COJleHbIH CblP',
or-nax6t · OaJIa,T H3 ropoxa'
(cp.
104).
nepBblA 9JJeMeHT CJlO)KHOrO CJlOBa'THna "npHJlaraTeJlbHOe (HJlH
Hape'lHe) +cymecTBHTeJlbHOe" MO)KeT TaK}Ke tIpHoopeTaTb xapaKTep
npe<!>HKca: bOla-joy · BepXHHA PY'IeA', b81a-k8 · BepXH.H.H ropa' (Ha-
3BaHH.H KBapTaJlOB KaoYJla), bala-qal
'BepXH.H.H KpenOCTb' (Ha3Ba-
HHe AepeBHH). BTOpOH 9JleMeHT MO}KeT OblTb TaK}Ke OOInHM AJI.H MHO-
rHX C.nO}KHbIX CJlOB': bftla-xana · MaocapAa', ta-xana
zer.;..xana 'nOA-
BaJl', pas-xana · KJlaAOBa.H', pas-x6rda 'OO'beAK'H' H T.A"
BblnaAeHHe onHCaTeJlbHOrO ..e nocJle HMeHH B CJloaax THna
"HM.H + npHJlaraTeJlbHOe" (cp.
104): sawzi-
6rak c COJleHble OBO-
InH', gandom-bel!An · )Kape1fa.H nweHHna', q
yaz-paran= godi-p,arGn
c 6YMa}KHblA 3MeH', zargar-ba
a · MOJlOAOH IOBeJlHp'. CJleAyeT OT-
MeTHTb: bBbft-kalan ' AeA', madar-kalan 'oaoywKa', xo
u-kalan
'oaoywKa MY)Ka (HJI'H )KeHbl), .
np'HJlaraTeJlbHble (CY<!><!>HKCbl), ynoTpeOJl.HeMble B TepMHHax
pO;nCTBa: Q18dar-andar 'Ma'leXa', padar-andar 'OT'IHM', byadar-
andar H T.A., madar-kalSn · oaoywKa', padar
kalan C AeA', xosor ka-
ISn c AeA )Ke8bI (HJlH MY}Ka)' H T.A. (CM. 9 157 -a).
178
CJlOBOCJlO}KeHHe M O}KeT B03HHKHYTb BCJle,QCTBHe CJlO}KHblX H
onOCpe,nOBaHHbIX OTHOmeHHR, CB.H3bIBaIOIQHX ,nBa 9J1eMeHTa': ke-
me
.
paner 'CbIp C H3IOMOM', "
ir-yax C MOpO}KeHOe',
ir-
Ay C tlaR C MO-
JlOKOM' (CM. j 135). BTopoe CJlOBO .HBJI.HeTC.H npHJlO}KeHHeM': ks"sa-
borj - Ha3BaHHe BblCOTbI B03J1e Ka6y JlbCKOR n
Ta,neJlH, 'sa
(g) -baq-
,
qa ,(6YKB. 'JI.HrymKa-KaMeHb)'tlepenaxa', morca-yondal- BH,n MY.-
paBb.H H T.,n.
CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb': '
Ar-gaAt 'nepet.:1oHHaJlbHOe TypHe no ro-
po,ny', BY Jlbr. 'aftaw-
e
ta C 3ana,n', aftaw-bar-ftmad C BOCTOK'.
'0 6pas 06 aHue n pUAa'l, ameA 'b HWZ, (u Hap e14UU)
Ba}KHO ytlflTblBaTb B03MO}KHOCTb 06pa30BaHH.H a6cTpaKTHblx
cYl1(eCTBHTeJlbHbIx OT npHJlaraTeJlbHblX, paccMaTpHBaeMbIx B 9THX
naparpa«tJax
nYTeM npHcoe,nHHeHH.H cy
«tJHKca ,.i (CM.
156, » 2).
167. CJlO}KHble npHJlaraTeJlbHbIe
6e3 rJlarOJlbHOrO 9J1eMeHTa
B 9TOM pa3,neJie MbI ,naeM H TaKHe CJlO}KHble CJlOBa, r,Qe HMeeT-
C.H rJlaroJlbHbIA 9J1eMeHT, He no,nKpenJleHHblR rJlarOJlbHoA ceMaHTHKoiJ
HanpHMep, npHtlaCTHe npome,nwero BpeMeHH, HMelOl1(ee 3HatleHMe npH-
JlaraTeJlbHoro.
Ibl paCCMOTpeJiH Bblme (CM.
164, 165) 06pa
oBaHHe npH-
JlaraTeJlbHblX nYTe
nOBTopa HJlH CpaIQeHH.H. PaccMoTpHM 3,neCb,
HanpHMep, npHJlaraTeJlbHOe '
ir-garm 'TenJlOBaTbIR', nepBbIA 9J1e..
MeHT KOToporo
ir C MOJl
KO' HrpaeT 'pOJIb HapetlHB .no OT HO-
weHHIO KO BTOPOMY 9J1eMeHTY gann C TenJibIR'. 'raKoBo .H3b1KO-
Boe tlYBCTBO, H "TenJlOe MOJlOKO" 9KBHBaJleHTHO "TenJlOMY, KaK
MOJlOKO" (napHoe, HMelOlUee "TeMnepaTYPY }KHBOTHOro", "TenJlO"
BaToe ").
Mbl pacCMOTpeJiH TaK}Ke 06pa30BaHHe npHJlaraTeJlbHblX H Ha-
petlHR npH nOMOI1(H onpe,neJleHHblX npe«tJHKcoB H Cy«tJ«tJHKCOB. Hx tlH-
CJlO Heonpe,neJleHHO BeJlHKO. tJHCJIHTeJlbHOe du/do C ,nBa' HrpaeT
pOJIb 9J1eMeHTa ,nonOJlHHTeJlbHOrO K Cy«tJ«tJHKCY ..a (CM.
156, » 1);
12-2 63
179
do-nafara · .nBYXMeCTHblR' (b6ysekel-e do-narara C .nByxMecTHbiR Be-
JlOCHne.n'), do-pay C .nBYHorHR' H do-piya C Ha ,nBYX Horax' (OTCIO.n a
do-pAyi H do-pSyagi), do-zana C ,nBOe)l(eflen', se-paya C TpexHo-
rHI',
ir-band C cOBoKynHOcTb JlOnaTOK H BepxfleR qaCTH n03BOHOq- ')
Horo cToJl6a', c!ar-mafz rpenKHA opex',
Sr-pay C qeT
epOHorHA' ,
ftr-piy-i '.nepeBBHHaB KpOBaTb C Bepe
OqHblM MaTpaneM'.
por C nOJlHblR' BblnOJlH.HeT, flanpHMep, pOJlb cyct>«I>HKca B xun-
por cOKpOBaBJleflHbI
', xak-por c3anbIJleHHblA', rang-por CHCnaq-
KaHHblA qepHHJlaMH' H T..n.
CJlO)l(HOe CJlOBO, 06pa30Baflfloe H3 npH'JlaraTeJlbHOrO H xa-
paKTepH3YlOInerO ero HapeqHB': naw-
okorta C CBe)Ke-pacnycTHBwHR-
CJI (QBeToK)' H T..n.
npHJlaraTeJlbflble, YKa3b1BaIOInHe Ha npHHa.nJle)l(HOCTb, COCTOB-
InHe H3 Ha3BaHHJI npHHa,nJle)KaInero KOMY-JlH60 npe,nMeTa H xapaKTe-
pH3YlOInerO ero npHJlaraTeJlbHOrO, KOTopoe eMY npe.nwecTByeT: sift-
e
em C qepHOrJla3b1R', xonnay-i-muy C CBeTJlOBOJlOCblR', xo
-ruy
C KpaCHBbIA', Airin-zob'8n C npHBT HblA, B pa3rOBope', por-del C CMeJlbIA' ,
k8r-mayz C YMcTBeflHo OrpaHHqeflHblR', saxt-sar C ynopHbIA', tez-bal
C 6b1CTpOKpblJlbIA',
Abok-raftar C C 6b1CTpO
noxo,ltKoA', kam-bar
i Y3KHA', n
k-nam C C xopoweA penyTanHeA', ba
-kar C pa3PpaTHblR..',
naw-ker C HOBHqOK', k8na-dawlat C co cTapblM 60raTcTBoM', sia-
baxt C Hey,naqflHK', kam-baxt C HeCqaCT flbl A', awqat-
alx C netl,aJlb-
HbIA', kata-sar f Ba)KHOe JlHnO' H T..n. C npHqaCTHeM':
eke
ta-del
C C pa36HTbIM cep.nn eM '.
06paTHbiA nopB.nOK Tex )I(e 9J1eMeHTOB CJlOBOCJlO)l(eHHB':
e
em-
sabz C 3eJleHOrJla3b1A', gardan-daraz C ,nJlHHfloweHA', nol-daraz C p
.nJlHHHblM KJlIOBO
', kal a-kata C 60JlbweroJloBblA.', qad-p'ax
C MaJlblA
pOCTOM'; \ C npe.nJlOrOM': sar-ba-mar (6YKB. '3anetlaTaflflbIA CBep-
xy') C repMeTHqeCKH 3aKpblTbIA'.
npHqaCTHe
oda C c.neJlaBWHAcB', C cTaBwHA' no,npa3YMeBaeT-
CB B KOflne TaKHX CJlO)l( flblX CJlOB, KBK': rOz-gom 'npa3,nHbIA', jegar-
'xun C rpycTHbll' (OTCIO.n a - jegar-xuni C TocKa'), del-deq C ne-
o A
tlaJlbHbI A', del-sard C anaTHqHblR', del-be-
amo C 6e33a60T flblA'.
npH'IaCTHe npowe,nwero BpeMeHH B pOJlH npHJlaraTeJlbflOrO -
180
BTOpoA 3J1eMeHT CJlO)l(HOrO CJlOBa': del-gerefta I YApyqeHHblA', del-
ekesta 'pa3Apa)l(eHHbIA', del-zada 'anaTHtlHbIA', del-andAxta
'(MopaJlbHo) npHHH>KeHHbIA'.
npHJlaraTeJlbHOe, Bblpa)l(alOlI1ee CXOACTBO, COCTO.HlI1ee H3 ABYX
cYlI1eCTBHTeJlbHblx': ma-p@ &ni (' JlYHa-Jl06') c HMelOlI1HA Jlo6, noxo-
)KHA Ha JlYHY', 'c JlYtle3apHblM tleJlOM', gol- @ra (C BeToK - JlM O')
'HMelOlI1aSl JlH O, nOA06Hoe BeTKY', 'KpacHBaSl' H T.A.
HHble cnoc06bl Bblpa)l(eHH.H CXOACTBa (nYTeM ToA )I(e npo eAY-
pbl CJlOBOCJlO)l(eHHSI}: xar-g6 (' oceJl-Yxo') C 3aSl '; TO)l(e H B': nar-
kala (' caMe -rOJlOBa') I MOJloAe ' t '60,QpbIA', yarib-kar (C 6eAHSlK-
pa60Ta') I nOAeHII1HK', boz.del (' K03a-cepA e') '60Sl3J1HBbIA', dud-
buy (AbIM-3anax) C (nHlI1a) naXHYlI1aSl AblMOM'.
3Aecb YMeCTO oTMeT Tb cYlI1eCTBH'i'eJlbHble-cY4>4>HKcbI noma
( = daul = raqam = mejAz = tara, H3 JlT. tarb) C CXO>KHA c qeM'-Jl. ',:
toxpm-nomA 'SlA e06pa3HbI A', dewana-tara C noxo)l(HA Ha 6e3YMHoro'
H T.A.
OTMeTHM, HaKOHelt: kalan-ker TOT, KTO BeAeT ce6S1 K8K 60Jlb-
moA tleJlOBeK', 'TIUeCJlaBHbIA', del-kanda I 6e3YtlacTHblA', del-poxta
C 3J10naM.HTHbIA', del-dada I BJlI06J1eHHblA H T.A. CJle.nyeT OTMeTHTb
BYJlbr. 4>OPMbl': del-bay' BJlI06J1eHHblA' (HapJlAY C bay-dadan C npo- ,
HrpbIBaTb'), sar-<!arx(ak) 'cTpaAalOII1HA rOJlOBoKpY)Ke8HeM' ( ar-
xidan 'BpaIUaTbcSI').
,l(epeBo, KOTopoe 06TP.HCJlH, tlT06bl co6paTb He3peJlble nJlOAbI
(yara), T.e. daraxt-e ke .,6re t.akfnda oda ,- Ha3blBalOT .)Ora-
takAn.
HeSlBHble OT HOmeHH.H M orYT 6b1Tb CJlO)l( HblMH': sar-dard I TOT,
Y Koro 60JlHT rOJlOBa', dandan-dard C TOT, Y Koro 60Jl.HT 3y6b1' H
T.A., del-xo 'YAOBJleTBopeHHbIA', 'AOBOJlbHbIA'.
CJl AyeT OTMeTHTb': xanda-ruy (6YKB. 'CMeX JlH O') C nOCTOSlH-
HO CMeIOIUHAcSI', gorez-pay (6YKB. '6erCTBO-Hora') C H3MefltlHBbIA',
I fleBepHbIA', ana-sar-ak (6YKB. 'paC'IeCKa-rOJlOBa') C YAOA'; (K6.
KpeCT.) xana-zSd ' LlOMamHHA'.
OTMeTHM TaK>Ke HeCKOJlbKO 4>OPM, aflaJlH3 KOTOpblX SlBJlSleTCSI
CJlO>KHbIM': iw6n-a-marg (6YKB. I MOJlOAoA-CMepTb') C YMepmHA B MO-
12-3 63
18]
JlOAOCTH (Me AY 15 H .35' rOAaMH)'. CJlO)KHoe CJlOBO xar-xanda (6YKB.
c'OCeJl-CMex') C TOT, BaA KOTOpblM CMeIOTC.H, KaK HaA OCJlOM', npo-
H3HOCHTC.H TaK)Ke xal-xanda, qTO, B03MO)KHO, BOCxoAHT tCp. J 57)
, ,
K , alq-xanda C TOT, HaA KOTOpblM CMeIOTC.H JlIOAH'; OAHaKO 9THMO- __
JlOrH.H 9Toro CJlOBa nOKa He.HClJa. CJleAyeT OTMeTHTb': am's y@ dar-
ba-dewAl (coceA ABepblO K CTe He) c oJlHx<aAwHA coceA' .
168.' CJlO)KHble npHJlaraTeJlb8b1e
co BTOpblM rJlarOJlbHh1M 9J1eMeHTO
HeTPYAHO 3aMeTHTb (cp. 160), KaK 1O Ba>kaylO pOJIb HrpalOT
rJlarOJlbHble ct»OPMbI, oc06eHHo ct»OpMbI nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO HaK'JlOHeHH.H
(oe3 qaCTH b1 be-;bo- )" 3THMOJlOl"HqeCKH 9TO 'MO)KeT OblTb aOOTpaKT-
Hoe cymecTBHTeJl bHoe - KopeHb HaCTO.HIUero BpeMeHH HJlH -KaKa.H- TO
HeonpeAueHHa.H rJla'rOJlbHa.H ct»opMa.
HapeqHe +« nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe»
1 1JaIUe Bcero CJlO)KHoe npHJlaraTeJlbHOe HMeeT aKTHBHoe 3Haqe-
IIHe. .
HapeqHe, BblcTynalOIUee nepBblM KOMnOHeHTOM CJlox<eHH.H,MO-
x<eT Hrp8Tb pOJlb npect»HKca:: peA-bin npeABHA.HIU A', pes-raw C Ha-
qaJlbHHK', p@' xar-a ')KHBYIUHA He no cpeACTBaM', kam-x6r 'B03-
Aep)KaHHblA B nHme', xo' -po c 9J1eraHTHblA', kam-g8y C Mo'JlqaJlH-
, ,
BblAI- .
r JlaroJibHbIA 9J1eMeHT B Cyct»ct»HKCaJlbHOA po Jt: kaj-raw 'HAY-
,IUHA nonepeK', tez-raw C OblCTPOXOAHblA', kond-raw & HAYIUHA MeA'-
I
'JleHHO', kam-x r 'B03Aep)KaHHblA B eAe' npOTHBonOCTaBJleHO CJlOBY
be'syar-x6r/por-xor '06x<opa'; n@k-xi ' A06pox<eJlaTeJlbHbIA' - CJlOBY
bad-xl; xo nomay 'Kpac BblA' - 'CJlOBY bad-nom8y zut-ras C paHO
c03p,eBaIOIUH ' - CJlOBY d@r-ras; zut-fam C cooopa3HTeJlbHbIA' - CJtO-
BY der-fim. q mat-fora 'npoAalOmHA Aoporo' npOTHBOCTOHT CJlOBY
arza -for6' ; ra s( t) -gay 'npaBAHBblA' - CJlO Y dor6y-gOy.
CJlOX<Hoe npHJlaraTeJlbHOe Mox<eT HM'eTb H naCCHBHblA CMblCJl':
bad-x8r C HeB ycHblA', 'TO, qTO HeJ;IpH.HT 110 rJlOTaTb'; npOTHBOCTOHT
CJlOBY xoJ-xor. '
182 1
A,nBep6HaJlbHbIA 060POT C 9J1J1HnCOM
(npe,nJlora) + nOBeJlHTe bHOe HaKJlOHeHHe
Bblna,neHHe npeAJlora HJlH HapeqH.H -nepsoro 3J1eMeHTa (T.e.
a,nBep6HaJlbHOrO 060pOTa) CJlO>KROrO CJlOBa, npH,naeT nOCJle,nHeMY
BH,n CJlOBa THna CYIneCTBHTeJlbHOe + "nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe".
CJlO>KHOe npHJlaraTeJlbHOe C aKTHBHblM 3HaqeHHe ; 3HaqeHHe
npe,nJlora "B" no,npa3YMeBaeTC.H': x8na-ne' in '6e3pa60THbIA', sar-
x@z 'BCTaIOInHA paHO YTPOM' (JiT. sa ar xez), kert-ne in 'KBapTH-
pOCbeMInHK'; 3H8qeHHe npe,nJlora "c" no,npa3YMeBaeTC.H': r@g-mftl
, Ha>K,naqHa.H 6YMara', dest-pftl-ak 'OInynbI BaHKe'; 3HaqeHHe "KaK II,:
amsAya-ne in · >KHJle , · KBapTHpOCbeMInHK'.
OTMeTHM' s@b-e jaw-ras - COpT .H6J10K, C03peBaIOInHX O,nHO-
,
BpeMeHHO C .HqMeHeM.
CJlO)KOoe npHJlaraTeJlbHOe c naCCHBHbIM 30aqeHHeM': xas-p6'
ak - .HMa, npHKpbITa.H BeTB.HMH H cJlY>KaIna.H B KaqeCTBe 3ana,nHH,
3HaqeHHe npe,nJlora "B" no,npa3YMeBaeTCB: r6yan-j6' -i '6J1HHbI',
g6r-zay 'pO,nHBWHAc.H nocJle CMepTH MaTepH (6YKB. B MOrHJle)',
kollA-y aw-pa' -ak' HOqHOA KOJlnaK'. 3HaqeHHe npe,nJlora "c"
no,npa3YMeBaeTC.H': azab-ko'g (JlT, u ab) 'YMepWHA B MyqeHH.HX';
3HaqeHHe "KaK",: jaw-k8b 'H3MeJlbqeH8bIA, KaK .HqMeHb', 'sag- aw
c 6erYInHA, KaK c06aKa', xar-fam '6eCTOJIKOBhlA (nOH.HTJlHBbIA KaK
oceJl)' .
CYIneCTBHTeJlbHOe + "nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe"
npHJlaraTeJlbHOe, ynoTpe6J1.HeMOe TaK )Ke H KaK HM.H Ae.HTeJl.H ' :
gap- enaw 'nOCJlYWHhlA', ruy-dar 'YBa)KaeMbIA', o tok-dar C "MeIO'-
InHA ,neTeA', ga t-x8r C M.HCoe,n', 'sud-xor 'POCTOBInHK', adam-ko
· y6HH a', nftz-wardar C nOTaKaIOInHA qbHM-Ji. KanpH3aM', c!erk-
wardar C MapKHH', gal-ern' c06HpaIOInHH BeTbI', puz-p@ · wap<l>',
zoban-baz C JI)Ke '.
. Ha3BaHH.H npo<l>eccHA H peMeCeJl (npHJlaraTeJlbHbIe, HCnOJlb-
3yeMbIe C y6cTaHTHBHo )': zoy al-for8 · yrOJIbInHK', ay-for8 . C npo-
, ",. A, , ". C
.naBe qa.H H T.,n.'; aloa-saz CTeKOJIbInHK, sat-saz qaCOBIQHK',
qal am-saz 'peMOHTHPYIOW,HH (aBTO)PyqKH' H T.,n.'; kol&-doi C CKOp-
12-4 63
183
H.HK', paizAr-doz 'C8nO)KHHK', jereb-bar 'H3rOTOBJI.HIOInHA 1IY JlKH',
d-kan '3eMJleKOn', qaber-kan C MOrHJIbInHK', mar-gir 13aKJlH,Ha-
TeJlb 3MeA', doz-be-gi 'noJlH eAcKHA, JlOB.HInHA Bopa', 8zer-ba's
· JlaKeA' (JIT. tlAzer-ba' ). OTMeTHM': zoyal-for6A-i - npo«l>ecCH.H
yrOJlbInHKa H ,npyrHe aB8J10PH1IHbIe cywecTBHTeJlbHbIe.,
Ha3BaHH.H npe,nMeTOB, HcnoJlb3yeMbIx B 06HxoAe (npHJlara.
TeJlbHbIe, ynoTpe6J1ReMbIe cy6cTaHTHBBo)': ate -gir 'KOqepra',
qan(d) -gi r 'InHnQbJ ,nJl.H caxapa', qan( d) - ekan C MOJlOT01leK ,L\JI.H
paCKaJlbIB8HH.H caxapa', 6b-say C cKpe60K', ayin-bor 'HO)KHH bI
,nJl.H pe3KH MeTaJlJla', xAk-andaz' COBOK ,L\JI.H Mycopa', ler-gir-ak
'AeTCKHA Harpy .l{HHK', t@l-soz C KepOCHHOBaJi JI aM fia '.
CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb': dest-gjr 'pY1lKa (HanpHMep, ,nBepHa.H), .
CJlO)KHbIe CJlOBa C MeCTHbI '1 3Ha1leHHeM': karw6n-raw 'Kapa-
BaHHbIA (nYTb)', matar-raw 'aBTOM06HJIbHa.H (,L\opora), . YnoTpe6-
JlJleMbIe cy6cTaHTHBHo: fiy-jos 'qaAHHK (LtJl.H KHn.H1IeHH.H)', gaw-
do -a 'no,noAHHK', aw-raw ' BO,nO<?TOK', tir-ka '60HHH a', xAk-
andaz C CBaJlKa'. CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb 3Ha1leHHe CJlOBa aw-par-ak
C H01lHa.H 6a601lKa'.
CYIl\eCTBHTeJlbHoe + "nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJIOHe RHe"
CJlO)KHbIX rJlarOJlOB H HHbIX CJlO)KHbIX «I>OpM
06pa30BaHHe npHJlaraTeJlbHbIX He npe,L\CTaBJI.HeT HH-
KaK.J1X TPY LtHOCTeA H COBna,naeT 06pa30BaHHeM HMeHeM
,ne.HTeJl.H, eCJlH CJlO)KHbIA rJlaroJi COCTOHT H3 cywecTBH-
TeJlbHOrO nJilOc npocToA rJlarOJI, a ero 9J1eMeHTbI B' COCTO.HHHH
nepe,naBaTb 31Ia1leHHe npKJlaraTeJlbHoro: H3 laf-zadan 'XBaCTaTb-
CR' - laf-zan 'xBacTYH', H3 ruy.gereftan 'np.HTaTb ,JIHQO' - ruy-
gir C )KeHInHHa, np.sqYIn8.H CBoe JlH O', H3 xo -da tan · JlI06HTb' B
BYJlbr. K6. - xo .d6r-e... C BJlI06J1eHHbIA B...' H T.,n.
ECJlH npHJlaraTeJlbHOe Tpe6yeT no CMbJCJlY ynoTpe6J1eHHJI
cywecTBMTeJlbHoro nepe,n CJlO)l(HbIM rJlarOJlOM, nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe
HaKJlOaeHHe 9Toro rJlaroJia no,nBepraeTC.H yce1leSHIO, kon, no-
BH,nHMOMY, no,npa3YMeBaeTCJI B KOH e CJIO)KHbJ x CJlOB': del-\\' z
(6YKB. C oTKpblBalOInHA cep,n e') C npOCTOp IIbI A', sar-pot-ak 'KPbIW-
184
Ka', puz-band 'HaMOp,nHHK', kamar-band 'nOBC', r6yan-day'cKOe
Bopo,na'; <!>OPMbI, cxo,nHble C paCCMOTpeHHblMH paaee (CM. 168).
no aHaJlOrHH C HMeHaMH sa ,gar, dar (CM. 156) 06p83YIOTCB
HMeRa aa b z (bazi-kadan 'HrpaTb')': dal-ba ' aKp06aT' (JiT. dar-
bSz), rotbil.bSz '<!>YT60JlHCT', kaftar-baz 'roJly6B T RHK', mory-blz
'ycTpOHTeJlb neTymHHblx 60eB'. no aHaJlOrHH C a6CTpaKTRhlMH cy..
IneCTBHTeJlbHblMH, OKaaqKBalOInHMHCB H8. ..bizi, HMelOTCJI a6cTpaKT'.
Hble cYIl(ecTBHTeJlbHble lIa jangi: mow-jangi ' 60A neTyxoB', qo .
jangi '60A 6apaaoB' H T.n.
OTMeTHM TaK)Ke CJlOBa Ha '.kir (H3 kar kadan 'pa60TaTb')
gel-kftr · KaMeHInHK', xar-kar' nOrOHInHK OCJlOB'. OTMeTHM': xana
poxta-kari ',nOM H3 6eTOHa HJlH KHpnHtla'.
CJlO)l( Hble CJlOBa C naCCHBHbIM 3HatleHHeM': cywecTBHTeJlb-
Hoe + nOBeJlHTeJlbHOe HaKJlOHeHHe: CYIneCTBHTeJlbHoe MO)l(eT HMeTb
op ,nHAHoe HJlH OTJlO)KHTeJlbHOe 3HaqeHHe (<< H3t , «nocpe,nCTBOMt H
T.,n. no,npa3YMeBaIOTC.H); nOBeJlHTe.nbHoe HaKJlOHeaHe npenCTas-
JI.HeTCH KaK 9KBHBaJIeHT - H KaK yceqeSRa.H <!>opMa - npHqaCTHB'
npome,nmero BpeMeHH (,nonOJlH HHOro no,npa3YMeBaeMblM npHtlaCTHeM
npome,nmero BpeMeHH rJlaroJia «CTaDOBHTbC.H', «,neJlaTbCSt). Ta..
KHM 06pa30M, layat-inal .' paCTonTaRBblA' 9KBHBaJleHTHO COtleTaEHIO
b ayat mAlida- od8)) OTMeTHM!: p8st-rcSI '060,npaHIIbIA', maAin-
blf 'coTKaHHbI A Ha cTaHKe', ango t-nomay (6YKB. 'Ha Koro nOKa.
3bIBaIC'T DaJlb eM') "npHMeqaTeAbHa.H (JlHtlHOCTb)', 'sorx-pOs 'o,ne-
TbiA B KpacRoe', gol-p6 'noKpblTblA BeTaMH'.
OTMeTHM CJlO)KH e CJlOBO': xodia-byamorz (6YKB. '60)Ke, npo-
CTH ero') 'noKoAHblA' (nepe.n HMeDeM YMepwero).
CJlO)KHble CJlOBa THna "cYIneCTBHTeJlbHOe +
cYIneCTBHTeJlbHoe" B aBaJlOrH'lHblX cJlYtla.Hx (cp. 167)
noqra-kar(==az noqra kar-kada- oda) "OTJlHqHblA H3 cepe6pa'.
A
Alyabad ('Ali-AbAd), Wazir-AbAd H ,npyrHe TonoBHMbI, OKaHqHBalO
InHeC.H aa abed' nOCTpOeHRbIA KeM'.TO', zolm-abad 'nocTpoeBHblA
HeCnpaBe,nJlHBOCTblO' .
12-5 63
185
CyweC.TBHTeJIbHOe + npHqaCTHe
aaCTO.Hll\erO BpeMeBH
npHQaCTHe H HM.H ,ne.HTeJI.H .Ha -a (CM. 9 156, M 15)': xabap..
girt · CnpaBJI.HIOIUHHC.H 0 KOM-JI.' (oTclO,na - a6cTpaKTHoe CYIU.
xabar-girayi.
npHqaCTH.H, OKaHqHBaIOIUHeC.H Ha -an ( 156, H 19-a, COBna-
,nalOIUHe c nOBe HTeJIbHh1M H8KJIOHeHHeM n06y,nHTeJIbHOrO f'JIarOJia
9 150)1: aw.<akan · BbI3bIBalOIl\HH KaneJlb', roy-garden · OTKa3bIBalO-
IUHHC.H', roz-gozarSn · Tep.HIOIl\HH BpeM.H'. Ha3BaHH.H npu4JeccHH H
3aHHTHit: xabap.rasan · wnHoR', gaw- aran · nac,TYx', gawara-jom-
bAn · KaqalOInHH KOJIbI6eJIb'. Ha3BaHHH npeAM eTOB, HCnOJIb3yeMblx
B 06Hxo,ne: magas-paran · onaxaJIO OT MYX', qatra- akan C nHneTKa'.
A6cTpaKTHble cywecTBHTeJIbHbIe, 06pa3yeMbJe nYTeM npH-
CO ,nHH H.H CycpcpHKca -i, BeCbMa ynoTpe6HTeJlbHbI': roz-gozaran-i
· TpaTa BpeMeHH', xabar-rasan-i 'WnHOHa)l{' H T.,n.
HeKoTopble H3 TaKHX cywecTBHTeJIbHbIX HBJUIIOTCH, nO-BH-
,nHMOMY, npOH3Bo,nHbIMH OT npHJIaI'aTeJIbHbIX, HeynoTpe6HTeJIbHbIX B
.H3bIKe (3,necb HaJIH O 06pa30BaHHe no aHaJIOrHH)': ba a-tarsan-i
· 3anyrHBaHHe', asp-dawan-i · pbICHCTble Hc,nbITaHHH', nal-dawan-i
· npOKJIa,nKa Bo,nonpoBo,na'.
npHqaCTHe (He 3aBHCHIUee OT n06y,nHTeJlbHOH cpOPMbI)': saw-
nalan 'CTOHYWHH no H01.laM'. CJlO)KHOe CJIOBO MO)l{eT npH06peTaTb
3Haqe"HHe cywecTBHTeJIbHOrO H 0603HaqaTb MeCTO: ondu-sozen
· MeCTO KpeMa HM HH,nYCOB' HJIH BpeMH': barg-rezan C JIHCTona,n',
yax-bandan · 06JIe,neHeHHe', mex-sozan '3HMa, Kor,na (H3_3a He-
,nOCTaTKa TOnJIHBa) )l{ryT KOJIbH' (06pa3Hoe Bblpa)l{eHHe). r JIarOJIb-
HbIe JIeMeHTh1 HMelOT cpOpM y nOBeJIKTeJlbHOrO HaKJIOHeH H n06y.-
,nHTeJIbHbIX rJIarOJIOB, HO H3b1KOBa.H HHTYH MH (cp. J160) paCCMaT-
pHB.aeT HX KaK npHqaCTH.H HaCTO.HInero BpeMeHH Hen06y AHTeJIbHblX
r JIarOJIOB.
CymecTBHTeJIbHOe + npeTepHT
npHJIaraTeJIbHOe C aKTHBHbIM 3HaqeHHeM': safar..kada ( KBHBa-
JIeHTHO COqeTaHHIO ke safar kada) · 6blBaBWHH B nYTernecTBHHx',
186
matam-dida c cKop6 H m HH no yMepllIeMY', roz-e-bad-dida · nepeHec-
mHM rope', setam-dida C CTpa,[\aBllI HK OT HecnpaBe,[\JIHBOCTH', day-
e-del-bOrda C Y.H3BJIeHHbIH B -cep,[\ e', C p830QapOBaHHbIH'. . YceqeH-
Ha.H cpopMa c JIJIHnCOM HaqaJIbHOrO ba-: sar-amad 'HaqaJIbHHK',
kar-amad 'npKropOAHblK' (H3 ba-kar-amadan 'rOAHTbCH').
npHJIaraTeJIbHOe C naCCHBHblM CMbICJIOM': kerem zada ( KBH-
BaJIeHTHO COqeTaHHIO ke kenn zade ) C qepBHBblH', doz-zada C YKpa..
,[\eHHbl H', dew-zada 'CJIa6blH ,[\YXOM', gorg-xorda 'CbeAe HIlbIM BOJI-
KOM', doz.-borda 'y HeceHHblM BOpOM'.
12-6 63
CHHTA,KCI1C
9 169
CKHTaKC' C Ka6YJlH HMeeT CXO.QCTBO C CKHTaKCIl"COM JlHTepa..
Typaoro Jl3bIKa. reM He MeHee, 3.QeCb HMeeTCJI 60JlbWOe KOJlHqeCT-
BO OTKJlOaeHHA 9McpaTHQeCKOrO xapaKTepa:; npHH HObI, XOTJI OHH H
CYIUeCTBYIOT B Jl3b1KOBOM C038aRHH, C06J1IO.QaIOTCJI He Bcer.Qa.
3neCh OTCYTCTByeT "H3J10x<eHHe" CHHTaKCHca, a .QaHbl JlHWb
pa3bl, nOVle38b1e .QJlJI pa3I'OBopa. MbI XOTeJlH, He .QOX<H.Qa.HCb ony6-
JlHKOBaHH.H TeKCTOB Ha pa3I'OBOpHOM nepcH.QcKOM Jl3bIKe H pa3I'0-
BOpHHKOB, nOKa3aTb BHAbl CHHTaKCHQeCKHX KOHCTPYK HA, HaH60Jlee
QaCTbie' B Ka6YJlH.
n P 0 C TOE n PE .n 0 )I( E II Ii E
:!JleMeHTbl npe,lJ.JlOIAeHH3
j 170
-
A6cOJllOTHblA HOMHHaTHB: sepaya tofanga sar-e sane. an ra-si-
dan 'BOHHbl npH6blJlH C BHHTOBKaMH Ha nJleQe'.
j 171.
npe.QJlox<eHHe c 6e3JlHQHbIM rJlaI'OJlOM (noAJlex<aInee nO.Qpa-
3YMeBaeTCJI)': ar- o-to(r) sawa 'BO QTO 6bl TO HH CTaJlO', C KaK 6bl
. ' f A ...J" C
TO HH 6bIJlO', ' od na-dara C HeB03MOX<HO', ayda na-uar-a 6ecno-
Jle3!10', parwS na--dBr--a 'ueBa)KHO'.
188
9 172. Heonpe.QeJleBBOe nOAJlex<aInee
Be3 YKa38BHB nO.QJlex<atnero; rJlaroJi B 3-M JlH e MHO)l(eCTBeB-
Horo 'IHCJla:: gandom-a tir-ma me..kar-an 'nmeaH Y celOT oCeHblO'j
rnegan Aemi bar-e dandan xub n s 'roBopBT, qTO CJlanOCTH Bpe.QBbI
,nJlB 3y6oB'.
idam (HJlH mardom, ensan, adami = ct>paH . on) I: Adam zut-
zut gap na me-zan-a 'He CJle.QyeT rOBopHTb 6b1CTpO'.
OTpH aBHe-: na kas i-ra dida na kas Sonida 'HHKTO 9Toro Be
BH,neJl H ae CJlbJ maJl' .
naCCHB (CM. 151)-: yaf(t) na-me- a ',(ero) HeT'; pu.stin
tawestan p6 ida na-m@. a 'my6y .neTOM He aa.QeBaIOT'.
. .
173
nO.QJleJ<aInee CTaBHTCB pasbme cKa3yeMoro: OTKJlOBeSHe
9Mct>aTHqeCKOrO xapaKTepa: ana ras-id xod-e pa a 'BOT npHeXa.Jl
caM KOPOJlb'; nOCKOJlbKY 9TO npaBHJlO H OqeBb CTporoe, HHor.Qa
BHaqaJle BbICKa3b1BaIOT TO, qTO paBbme npHWJlO Ba YM: S ta t sta
poxta m@. a mewa ' He cpa3Y (BeAb) .C03peBaIOT'<ppYKTbI'.
174. 1JHCJI,O no,nJle)Katnero (CM. 110) ,
EAHHcTBeHHoe qHCJlO BMeCTO MHO)KeCTBe Horo B co6HpaTeJlb-
HbIX HMeH X: da ramm -tu gOspand el.ta's- 'B TBoeA oTape COpOK
oBe '; da i molk seb kalSn-kalan as 'B 9THX KpaBx 60JlbWHe a6J1o.
KH'.
E.QHHC.TBeHHoe qHCJlO BMeCTO MHO)KeCTBeUHOPO y o6beKTa, C
KOTOpbIM cpaBBHBaeTC.H nO.QJleX<8Inee-: saga-y bay-e az gorg(a) kat-
ta-tar 'co6aKH, OXpaH.HIOInHe ero ca,n, KpynHee BOJIKOB'.
M Hox<eCTBeHHoe qHCJlO BMeCTO e,nHHCTBeHHoro ,nJlB Bblpa)KeHHB
KOJlHqeCTBeHHoA 3HaqHMOCTH': tel-8 tit od C (Bce) M.aCJlO npOJlHJlOCb'.
"BeX<JlHBOe" MHO)KeCTBeHHoe qH JlO OTCYTcTByeT B jJ3bIKe ,ne-
. '
peBHH H npe,ncTaBJI.HeTCB HOBbIM BBJleHHeM B ropo,ne (YBa)K&HHe BbI,-
pa)KaeTCB Cne HaJlbHbIMM CJlOBaMH H o6opoTaMH).
OTMeT.HM ct>aMHJlb.RpHbIA H mYTJlHBbIA 060POT peqH-: mard-a
189
emroz nan Am na-x6rda 'tv10JlOAQbI (OAHH H3 KOTOpblX .H caM!) cero.n-
.
HJI A8x<e He 38BTp8K8J1H' =' B cerOAHB He 3aBTp8K8J1'.
175
COrJlaCOBaOHe nOAJlex<aIQero C rJlarOJlOM': npH HaJlHqHH C06H-
p8TeJlbHOrO HMeHH MOX<HO YCJlblWaTb qeTblpe B03MOx<HbIX CJlyqaB,
OAHHaKOBO ynoTpe6HTeJlbHble (KpoMe nOCJleAHero). HanpHMep:
Ta6J1aqa 20
. .' JIIOAH npHxoABT' , JIIOAH BHABT' 'IOBeJlHpbl rOBopBT'
1) . It xalq-a me-ben-a A A
mardom-a mya-y-a · zargara me-g-a
2) mardom mya-y-a xalq me-ben-a zargar rTJ g-a
) mardom-a my&-y-an xalq-a me-ben-an A ,.
zargara me-g-an
4) mardo(Il mya-y-an
176
YnOTpef)JleHHe rJlarOJlOB B eAHHCTBeHHOM q"CJle BMeCTO MHO-
x<eCTBeHHoro: gaw-a layar-as C KOpOBbl TOInHe'; dandan-a-ym
dard me-kon a 'y MeHB OOJlBT 3y6bI'. CTOJlb >Ke qaCTO rOBOpBT':
byadar-a-y raft, KaK H': byadar- -y raft-an 'ero opaTbB YWJlH'.
177
'IHCJlOBaB H KOJlHqeCTBeUHaB AeTepMHHaQHB i'IoAJle)Kaw.ero:
.sad azar asp 0 yazda-azar top '100 000 JlowaAeA H 11 000 ny-
weK' .
YnoTpe6J1eHHe MHO)KeCTBeOooro '{HCJla npH qHCJlHTeJlbHOM':
se byadar-B 'Tpoe 6paTbeB', do e' m-a-y 'ero (ABa) rJla3a', ar
paynj-e- An amad(an) 'Bce aBTepo npHWJlH'.
YnoTpe6J1eHHe MHO>KeCTBeHHoro qHCJla AJl.H YKa3aHHB H8 60Jlb-
woe KOJlHqeCTBO: da sad-a bala-a gereftar me- an 'HX nOCTHroYT
COTHM 6eACTBHA'.
besyar 'MHoro' MO)KeT COqeTaTbC.H C 4>opMoA KaK MHO)KeCT-
190
8eHHoro, TaK H enHHCT8eB80rO 'IHCJla, a cand C BeCKOJlbKO' - TOJl
KO C OpM 01 enHRCT8eHHoro 'IHCJla.
178
npH HeCKOJlbKHX nOnJlex<aIUHX:
l-e JlH O (eA. HJlH MH.) + npyroe. JlJt o, = rJlaroJl 8 I-M JlH
e;:t.qHCJl8'i
2-e JlH O (en. HJlH MH.) + APyroe JlH O = rJlaroJi 80 2-M JlH e
en. qHCJl8'i
3-e JlH O (en. HJlM MH.) + npyroe JlH O = rJlaroJi 8 3-M JlH e
e.n. 'IHCJla.
l-e JlHqO npe8aJlHpyeT Ran 2'-M H 3-M, a 2-e - Han 3-M.
3-e JlH O en. qHCJla + 3-e JlHnO MR. qHCJla = rJlaroJi 8 3-M JlH'-
ne MH. qHCJla.
n.p H M e p: ma-w tu m@-pa-yem 'MbI C To60A oCTae'McB'.
To x<e' KacaeTCB H JlHqHblX MecToHMeHHA + cy ecT8HTeJlb-
A A .
Hble: ma-w berSdar-a-ym ama zan-dar ast-em 'B H MOH 6paTbB -
Mbl 8ce )KeHaTbl'.
c-kodAm-etan kir na-mya-ya (HJlH na-mY8-y n) 'HHKTO H3
,
8ac He ro.nHTCB'.
CM. 110.
179_
-
.l);onOJlHeHHe 8 8HHHTe,JlbHOM na.ne)Ko:
nocJleJlor -a/-ra': CM. 128 (c nepex nHblM rJlarOJlOM) :
daraxt-o gya-w-o nyal-a borid-an 'OHH 8b1py6HJlH .nepe8bB H ,YHH-
'ITO)KHJlH paCTeHHB H Ca)KeHnbI' (-a/-ra 8 KOane rpynnbl).
adam- @(ra) ke didi 'qeJlQ8eK, KOToporo TbI 8H,neJl' (-ra MO-
)KeT onYCKaTbCB).
r080pBT': ay-a x8rd '00 8b1nHJI (onpeneJleHHbll) qaA', 80
ay x6rd 'OH 8blnHJI 'laD (HeonpeneJleHHblD)'. TOqHO TaK )K : del
kandan az ... 'OTKa3b18aeTCB OT...' H T.n. (cp. CJlO)KHble rJlarOJlbl
8J 143-144), (JiT. 060POT amadan na-tawan-ad coo He MO)KeT. npHA-
191
TH', . O.QHaKo. nepe.QaeTCa B K6.': imada 'na-m@-tan- a HJlH na-m@..tan-a
by-ay-a;. 3TH .QBa 060pOTa' CYll(eCTBYIOT H B JlT.).
YnoTpe6J1eHHe 3HKJlHTH'IeCKOrO MeCTOHMeHH.H-06'beKTa BeCbMa
OrpaHH'lHBaeT ynoTpe6J1eHHe nocJleJlora -a/-ra:did-orr:-e' 'a ero BM-
.QeJl'(BMecTo did-om u-ra) :az kir me-ka an-et 'Te6B BblrOHBT C pa-
60TbI' .
MHO>KeCTBO ,nono.IHeHHA-cKa3yeMblX': ka alu-wo bAnjAn-e-rumi-
ra yag-jay poxta kada cOH CBapHJI (6YKB. c,neJlaJi BapeHblMH) BMeCTe
KapTo«t»eJlb H nOMH,nopbl'; ett6 serke ke marda-ra zenda me-kon-a
'TaKoA [KpenKHI!l YKCYC, '1TO H MepTBoro O>KHBHT (c,neJlaeT >KH-
BblM)'.
f 180
nOJlHeHHe B .QaTeJlbHOM na.ne>Ke:
YnoTpe6J1eHHe nocJleJlora -a/-ra (CM. 9 128)': ma-ra na-te
yarib-a be-te ',naA He MHe, a 6e.QHOMY'; to-ra me-g-om 'B Be.Qb Te6e
rOBOplO'; ma-ra- i 'KaKoe MHe ,neJlo?'; to-ra llyeq nes '3TO Te6B
He,nOCToAHO'; gap-a an8z na-rasid-i 'TbI ell(e He nOHBJI CYTH ,neJla'.
YnoTpe6J1eHHe ba 60Jlee OrpaHH'IeHHO, '1eM B 3ana.nHbIX ro-
Bopax (CM. j 127)1: xoda ba- omft roz-e neki beta ',naA BaM 60t
,n06pa' ('1all(e - ... ' omft-ra) .
JIH'IaOe MeCTOHMeHHe (CM. kIll): azir-et ararin 'TblCBQa
pa3 6paBO (Te6e)!', yftd-em mya-y-a 'MHe BcnoMHHaeTcB'; lftyeq-
e n@s · 3TO ero He,nocToAHQ'; e na-te-' an · nycTb OH HM HH'IerO
He ,naeT .
181. OTHoweHHe npHHa.nJJe>K80CTH
D;OnOJlHeHHe OTJlO>KHTeJlbHoe':
az Kabol a'st-om 'a. H3 Ka'6YJla' (CM. 103), az-m.a's '3TO -
Harne' (lI al-e cBoAcTBeHHoe ,TerepaHCKOMY M HHhlM 3an HblM ro-
BopaM, B K6. 'HeynoTpe6MTeJlbHO).
C nOCJleJlOrOM ,-a/-ra (CM. 128): maroom-a sar-e tebar
nes 'y '.ilIO,neA HeT K HeMY ,noBepHB'; doxtar-a ba-i ' uy razt na-bud
192
cAeBYWKa lie corJlaWaJlaCb CTaTb ero >KelloA' (6YKB. 'y AeBYWKH K
3TOMY MY>KY COrJlaCHJI lie 6bIJlO').
C JlHqHblM MeCTOHMeIlHeM': qorban-e Aaw-om 'Aa naAY $I >KepT-
BoA 3a Hero'; amu- y ke xub ba-A-a byGr "npUReCH TOT [H3 HHX},
qTO nOJlyqwe'.
. OTJlO>KHTeJlbHblH na.ne>K': kam-e az-xod qessa ku! 'paCCKa>KH
HeMHoro 0 ce6e'; az y g adam qessa m@-kon-an , yag-Adam-a qessa
me-kon-an ' 06 OAIIOM qeJlOBeKe paccKa3bIBaIOT..
182. MecTo' AOnOJlHeHHB
OnOJlHeHHe' nOM ll\aeTCB nepeA r JlarOJlOM': nim-e qes.sa-ra
bar-et' na-goft-a 'OH lie paCCKa3aJl Te6e H nOJlOBHHbl HCTOPHH'; gann- e
bait-xBndan-as 'OH YBJleqeH neHHeM'; mAder-e bar-e godi-paran
na-me-xar-a 'ero MaTb He nOKynaeT eMY 6YMa>KHOrO 3MeB'.
3TOT nopBAOK He oqeHb CTporHA H 'HMeeT MHOrOqHCJleHHble .
3Mq>aTHqeCKHe OTKJlOHeHHB. rOBOpBT (XOTB .H pe)l(e, qeM B 3anaA-
HbIX rOBopax}: me-rom bazar' B HAY Ha PblIlOK'; ' or6 kad ba da..
widan 'OH n06e>KaJl'
183. OnYll\eHHe AOnOJlHeHHB
AprOTHqeCKHe 060POTbl: zad-an 'OHH CTall\HJlH';. amadan
gereftan raftan 'OHH npHWJlH, B3gJlH H YWJlH'.
j 184'
OnpeAeJlHTeJlbHaB pOJIb H3aq>eTa' (CM. MI03-104)': zamina-
y(e) sar-sabz-e ar.taraf-e ' ar-e Qandar 'QBeTYll\He 3eMJlH BOKpyr
KaHAarapa'; 'A'slam-e yazni.. i 'ACJlaM H3 ra3HH', az-tars-e tu
'OT cTpaxa nepe.n T069H', ' del-tar-in-e pa a-a 'cnpaBe.nJlHBeAwHA.
H3 KOP.oJleA', peran-e pa mi 'wepcT HaB Py6axa', Aslam-e banya,
gar 'ACJlaM-6aKaJleHll\HK'. Karim.-e be- ara '6eAHblA KapHM' H
T.A.
193
OTCYTCTBHe -e H3acpeTa AJI.H BbIpa)l(e8H.H KOJlHqeCTBa: do-pyala
'sir' 'ABe qamKH MOJlOKa J, eqqa 'sir "CKOJlbKO MOJlOKa J, i-qesE1n ' ir
'TaKoe MOJlOKO'.
npHJlaraTeJl bHoe H CYIneCTBHTeJl b800': mesl-e pal ak 'noA06HbIA
wnHHaTY', layeq-e son:R 'AOCTOAHbIA Bac', om d-war-e xoda 'yno-
BalOInHA Ha 60ra'. 'npHJIaraTeJIb80e H npHJIaraTeJIbHoe: kalan-e kalan
'caMbIA 60JlbWoA', mayin-e sorx 'TOHKHA (H) KpaCHbIA'.
113a<l>eT, 3aMeH.HIOInHA nOp.HAKOBOO qHCJIHTeJIbHoe B HeKOTopbIX
'BbIpa)l(e8H.HX, CB.H3aHHbIX C 06blqa.HMH (CM. 122)': rOz-e se 'TpeTHA
AeHb (Tpaypa)', C BbinaAe8HeM H3a<l>eTa: aw' ' a 'meCTa.H HOqb
(nocJle p0)l(AeCTBa)'; nOp.HAKOBoe': sftt-e dowwom 'BTOpoA 'lac (JIeK-
QHH)' ..
npHTH)I(aTeJIbHbIe MeCTOHMe8H.H ar-du-y' (&n) · 06a', ar- i
myAr-an koll-e' -a tu me-geri 'TbI 6epewb Bce, qTO 6bl 8H npHHeCJlH'.
BOJIee xapaKTepeH <l>aMHJIb.HpHbIA 060POT: xub-e-s as '(OH) xopo-
mHM, Kpac BbIA', be-tars ke battar-e's..a na-beni '60Ac.H YBHAeTb
(qTO-JI.) xY)I(e Toro'.
185. 06CTO.HTeJIbCTBO
B03MO)l(HOCTb onytneHH.H npeAJIOra
06CTO.HTeJlbCTBO MeCTa (CM.. 132}: awal xana payida bud
xast jay dpga mindagy'-xod-a be-kasa bay raft lab-e darya z r-e
daraxt ' e'st 'CHaqaJIa 08 OCTaBaJIC.H B AOMe, nOTOM 3aXOTeJI OT-
AOXHYTb rAe-JIH60 B APyroM MeCTe, nOweJI B caA H ceJI nOA Aepe-
BOM 8a 6epery peKH'. OTMeTHM': (az) -yad-em raft (6YKB. 'YWJIO' Y
MeH.H H3 naM.HTH') '.H 3a6bIJI'; ( a) yad-et ba a 'noM8H', ba-'safar
raftan '.oTnpaBHJIHCb B nYTemecTBHe'.
06CTO.HTeJIbCTBO BpeMeHH (CM'. 1 1)': dina-roz goftom-e
'saba by&ya '.H BQepa CKa3aJI eMY, qT06bI '08 npHmeJI 3aBTpa'. JM<I>a-
THqeCKaH pOJIb npeAJIOra': da i rez-a, 'B TH AHH'. YnoTpe6JIeHHe
nOCJIeJIora: -a/-ra:: dina-r8z-a koj& bodi 'rAe TbI 6bIJI Bqepa?'.
OPY AHa-: qam in zadan 'XJIeCTaTb', sozan xal andan 'KOJIOTb
HrJIOH'.
194
. QeJlb': ba <!a-ra bog6 nan-x8rdan byayan baz bo-ran b zi-kadan
, .
'CKa)KH ,neT.HM, qT06bI OHM npHWJIH noeCTb, a nOTOM WJlH Ht'paTb'.
CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb CYIneCTBHTeJlbHbIe: a£taw"' e ta '3axo,n
COJlH a' '(' Beqep' HJlH '3anaA'), aftaw-bar-amad ' ocxo,n COJIH a'
(' YTPO' HJlH 'BOCTOK').
BH,Qbl npe,LJ}IO)l( eHH
B pa3rOBopaOM .H3b1Ke HHTOHa H.H HrpaeT nepBOCTeneHHYIO
pOJIb B onpe,neJIeHHH BH,na npe,nJlO)KeHHA. '
186. BonpOCHTeJlbHOe npe,nJlO)KeHMe
'CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb pOJIb ya (CM. J 135) 'HJIM' Hap.H,ny C BO-
npOCHTeJlb8blMH MeCTOHMeHH.HMM': i gap as 'B qeM ,neJlo?'j al
qabul me-kon-@n 'ya na..m@-kon-en 'Bbl.. COrJlaCHbI H,JIH HeT?'; aga
amalyat-e jarrayi m@-kad-i xub mg. od-i y n@ 'e"CJIH 6b1 TeWi onc-
pHpOBaJlH, nOnpaBHJIC.H 6bI TbI HJlH BeT?"; iz-e kar bar-et .p@( ) " od
y6 nt-j8r bod-i 'TbI 6bI.1I 3aH.HT HJlM 60JIeJl?'; .koj a-koja rafta i- i-
ra dida 'r,ne OH 6bIJI H '1TO 08 BH.n;eJI?' (OTMeTHM': ayft gOrOxta ba a
'MO)KeT 6bITb, OH y6e)KaJI?' - ay BbIpa)KaeT COMHeHHe, a He npOCTo
Bonpoc, KaK B JlT.).
! 187. BOCKJlH aTeJIbHQe npe,nJIO)KeHHe
I eqqa omr-e xod-a talaf kad 'CKOJlbKO BpeMeHH OH nOTepSJI!';
4>aMHJlb.HpHbIe 060POTbI (CM. 128), TaKHe KaK': ajab mardom-a ru-
ba-ruy od-@m 'HY H cTpaHHblx )l(e JlIO,neA .H BCTpeTHJI!'; zor JDardak
as 'cTpaHHbIR THn!', z6r iz goft '3a6aBHYIO )Ke BeIIlb OH CKa3aJl!';
w'am zor amaq-e bud' HY H ",nypaK )Ke 0& 6bIJI!'; gol adam as 'Ka-
KoA MHJlbIA qeJlOBeK!'; atyat gap zad-om '.H 8arOBOpHJI qenyxH'.
188. )KeJlaTeJIbHOe npe,nJlO)KeBHe
ka ke (CM. '9 135) '0 eCJlK 6bI... It: ka ke dina my-amad-
om '0 eCJlH ,6bI .H npHWeJl Bqepa!', kM-ke "saba bya-y-om 'npHRTH
195
6b1 MHe 3aB'r.pa!'. IJacTHl\a elay (JiT. l hi '60>Ke Moli' ')': elSy be-
rasa ,'60>Ke, XOTb 6bl OR AoweJl'; xoda kon-a na-mora ',naA 60r,
\lT06bl OH He YMep'; i-me- a (ke) tw-Am gap be-zani 'a \lTO, eCJlH
H Tbi 3arOBopHWb?'; o kon-i ke xabar-et kad-om 'CMOTpH >Ke, .H
Te6.H npe,nynpe,nHJl!'; xabar-dar ba i ke az pe -et dozi-' na-konan
'CMOTPH, \lT06b1 ert> Y Te6.H He YKpaJIH!'.
«I»OPMYJlbl, ynoTpe6J1.HeMble B 06Hxo,ne (CM g 147, » 18-22,
37)': salamat ba - n = jar ba -en ' ,nbTe 3,nOpOBbl !'; zenda bis-en
'6YAbTe >KHBbI!'; xair be-beni =barakat be-beni '6y,nb C\laCTJlHB!',
xoda barkat be- t t C ,naH Te6e 60r C\laCTb.H!' (Bblpa>KeHH.H, nOHe-
M ory BblTeCH.HeMble 3ana,nHbIM ta!akkor C cnacH60'); kalan aw-i
C paCTH 60JlbIllOH!'. OTMe'fHM BYJlbr. na-mor-i ayft' He YMMpaH,
rocno,nHH!'. OTMeTHM Bblpa>KeHH.H': paisa kal@t-a kan 'nycTb ,neHb-
rH OTOPBYT (B npeTepHTe) Te6e rOJloBY' HJI.H paisa aret-a x6rd
'nycTb ,neHbrH cbe,n.HT (B npeTepHTe) Te6e rOJlOBY' (roBOp.HT B Tex
CJlY\la.HX, Kor,na KTO-JlH60 nOCTO.HHlIO rOBopHT 0 AeHbrax).
xodA-nA-kada zaxmi na- a 'He ,naA 60r, \lT06bl ero paHHJlo!',
xodS-na-d'sta m6Feqa (JiT. mo reqa) na- -i 'He ,naB 6or, 3a6o-
JleeWb TH OM'
189. YnoTpe6J1eHl1e ,nPJ"rHX
rJlarOJlbHblX BpeMeH H HaKJlOHeHHH
OTMeTHM HeKOTopble xapaKTepHble \lepTbl (CM. j 147):
Vag-bar na didi ke salra na-gereft (B npeTepHTe) 'a B,npyr
TaK nOJlY\lHTC.H, \lTO OH 3aBTpa He B03bM T'.
J1,nHOMa:rHQeCKOe ynoTpe6J1eHHe nOBeJlHTeJlbHOrO flaKJlOHeHH.H
.
(ct.t. 147-a, M 37)': b6z ma be- Ara dega boxxan-o-boxx n 'H On.HTb
H, HeCqaCTHbIH, ,nOJl>KeH 3anHMaTbCH H 3aHHMaTbcH!'. OTMeTHM TaK-
JKe: ma dar- y 0 tu dar-ay darwaza yag daqa pes na-me-man-a 'B
BpeM.H JlIO,nH BXo,nHT (6YKB. H BXO)KY H Tbl BXO,nHWb), H ,nBepb He
3aKpblBaeTC.SI HH Ha MHHyTY'.
CneQHaJlbHOe ynoTpe6J1eHHe npl1QaCTHH npoweAwero BpeMeHH
(CM. 9 156, M 37-a): xarid-Rr-a dida (npH\I. npow. Bp.) qimat me-
kon-a 'OH Ha3HaqaeT QeHY, YBHAeB nOKynaTeJlH'; dida dida ftm8xta
196
m@-si 'TbI npHBbIKHeWb, eCJlH 6Y,QeWb CMOTpeTb'; zut-e kada bo-g8
'rOBOpH 6bICTpO!', la m-e kada gor xt 'OR nOTMXOHbKY CKPbIJlCB';
garamb-e kada aftid-i 'Tbl ynaJi C rpOXOTOM' (CM. M137, 139).
O,nHH .H3 CJIyqaeB ynoTpe6J1eHHB «t»OPMbI, Ha3bIBaeMOA npHtla-
CTHeM 6y.nYInerO BpeMeHH ("KaK TOJlbKO") (CM. 9 156, 1f I-a):
yo i-ra didani pe' ak 'sar-e x@z-kad 'KaK TOJlbKO Komi<a YBH,neJla
JlaCTOQKY, OHa Ha aee npbIrHyJla'; xonok rasidani.jel8I-8bat' bo-r8
'KaK TOJlbKO HacTynBT XOJlo,na, noe3>KaA B ,l\>KeJlaJla6a,n'.
OTMeTHM a,nBep6HaJlbHbIe 060POTbI': ' r-x6rdani-(ke)
'BHe3anHO (6YKB. KaK TOJlbKO OH nOmeBeJlHJlCB)'; ffi em adani (ke)
'B MrHOBeHHe OKa'.
, A
xat-(ke) e kena c B03MO>KHO, OH CJlOMaeTCB'; na-xat (ke)
beCta .' BPB,n JIH OH yna,neT' (cM. 147, N1f 23-32).
r JIarOJlbHbIe J1eMeHTbI' XO,QBT B HeKoTopble 060POTbI', Bbl-
pa>KalOInHe COMHeOHe, onaceHHe': m -a-ke (OT ' odan) 'B03MO)KHO,
qTO...' = raCt-o-ke, mabAdft-ye ke 'KaK 6b1 He...', 'He ,naA 60r.. ',
didi-ke '60IOCb, qTO...' (6YKB. TbI BH,neJI, qTO) = b beni-ke (6YKS.
'YBH,neJI 6bI TbI, qTO...') H T.,n. 1JacTo K J11060MY ,H3 THX 060pOTOB
npH6aBJI.HeTCB yag-daCa 'BAPyr' (.liT. yak dafta). CJleA.)'eT OTMe-
THTb': yag-daCa- od-ke beCta 'a B.Qpyr OH yna,neT'.
MO)KHO BCTpCTHTb HaCTOBInee BpeMB H - pe>Ke - npeTepHT
npH onHcaHHH CHOBH,neHHB': aw me-benom ke r:Ar-taraC-em morra-s
'MHe CHHTCB, qTO BOKpyr'MeHB nTH bI'.
190. 3JIJIHnCbI rJIarOJlOB
HaH60JIee xapaKTepHbIe CJIyqaH Ha6JIIO,naIOTcB, C o,nHoA CTO-
pOHbl, B H,nHOMaTHqeCKHX 060poTax, noroBopKax, nOCJIOBH aX ap-
XaHqHOrO CTHJIB HJIH ,nJIB H36e>KaHHB nOBTope HHB, a C ,npyroA CTO-
pOHbI - B ra3eT HblX H Be>KJlHBbIX «t»OPMY J1ax (r,ne qaCTb BblCKa3bI-
BaHHB no,npa3YMeBaeTcB).
npOCTbIe CJIyqaH: tu y1tft-i yA ma (+ nO,Qpa3YM. y6ft-om)
'Tbl HaWeJI HJIH $I?'; 'J r 'sar-eJ zBr ' od yB palang 'JleB ero -no6e-
,nHJI HJIH JIeonap,n?'.
nOCJIOBH a': yak 'sar 'sad 'sar-a jam m@...kon-a 'sad-sar yak 'sar-a
197
ne (+ nO,Qpa3YM. jam na-me-koD.-a) 'O,QHa rOJlOBa KOHTpOJlHpyeT CTO
rOJlOB, HO He CTO rOJlOB - O,QflY'.
B 06HXO,QHblX .popMYJlax nO,Qpa3YMeBaeM.aB '1aCTb 'lame Bcero
COOTBeTcTByeT O,QflOMY nOIUlTHIO, HO Hflor,Qa (]f!1f 1,4,7,9,15) -
HeCKOJlbKHM nOHBTHBM, BapbHpyeMblM B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeMoA pa3-
rOBopa, H3 KOTOpblX Mbl ,QaeM flaH60Jlee xapaKTepHble npHMepbI':
npOH3HOCHMaB '1aCTb
1) ba-xair...?
2) xair( y )at... ?
'3) 'salam at... ?
4) sokor
5) e m-et r6Jan...
6) omr-et darAz...
7) mobirak...
8) blmAn-e xodft
9) azar dara
10) delerr:...
11) to-r( a) ba xoda
12) ma-ra i...?
13) az-i kada bar-Ay...
14) dest-et-a mara
15) xAk-a...
16) xAneJ xarab
17) yair-e(ke) gap me-zana
nO,Qpa3YMeBaeMaB qaCTb
... koja me-ri?
...as,r
-?
... astl .
...xub ast-om
...bA' a( =bad)
...ba a{ =b d)
...ba a{ =bad)
...b6 i
... me-kon-om
...m@- .a (=me-x ya)
...qasam meet-om
k A ?
. . . ar.
...b -tar as
...be-t@
...xub-as
...sawa(=b d)
...dega ec na-m@-kona
n e p e B 0 ,Q':
( l).KY,Qa H,QeWb (c 60)KbeA nOMomblO)?(2) ConYTcTBoBaJia JlH
Te6e (60)KbB) MHJlOCTb? (3) 3,QOpOB JlH Tbl? (4) CJlaBa 60ry, B 3,Q0-
pOB; (5) a 6Y,QYT CBeTJlbI TBOH rJla3a (3a ,Q06pylO BecTb)!'; (6) .n;a
npO,QJlHTCB TBOB )KH3Hb! (7) n03,QpaBJI.BIO; (8) a coxpaoHT Te6B
601'1,; (9) fl (c y,QOBOJlbcTBHeM) c,QeJlalO TO XOTb TbICBtly pa3';
(10) Moe cep,Q e XOtleT; (II) KJlBoycb'Te6e 60roM! (12) KaKoe MHe
,QeJlo? (13) JIY'l e BbIA,QH'; (14) aJ1 MHe PYKY'; (15) 3TO CTOHT (rop-
198
CTH) 3eMJlH (T.e. flH rpou:a)'; (16) a pa3pYWHTCB ero ,QOM (OCKOp.
6HTeJlbflOe Bblpa)KeHHe)!'; (17) Ofl TOJlbKO H ,QeJlaeT, 'ITO pa3rOBa..
pHBaeT (yair-e(ke) C KpOMe KaK' npHHHMaeT 3,QeCb 3Ha'leHHe 'no-
CTOBHHO H HCKJlIO'IHTeJlbf{O')"
nOCemaB 'pO,QCTBe flfIHKOB 'IeJlOBeKa, OT npaBHBWerOCB' B ',Qa-
JleKOe nYTeWeCTBHe, rOBOpBT': jAy- sabz! (bAd) 6YKB. nYCTb ero
)KHJlHme pac BeTaeT!' TaKoe nocemeHH fla3blBaeTCB jGy-sabzi
raft an.
.CJIO)J(HOC01JHHEHHOE nPE JIO)l(EHHE
KJlaCCHtieCKHe cnoc06bl" COtlHHetlHJI
191
BeCCOI03f1aB CBB3b': did-orr:-e &mad-om C B "YBH,QeJl ero H npH-
t
meJl'; xina-ra sotra jSru-ku roxsat asti 'xopoweHbKo nO,QMeTH ,QOM
[H} TbI cB060,Qefl'.
9 192. KonYJlBTHBHOe
H ,QH3blOfIKTHBHoe CO'lHHeHHe
nOBTopeHHe am, ci, g y, na: am tab ir xarab am "taxta
'H MeJl nJloxoA, H ,QocKa'; xos basi ci deq u-ra i 'pa,Q
TbI HJlH fle,ltOBOJleH, eMY fleT ,QeJla'; gay yam-e tSk-a-ra m@-xor-a
gay yam-e daFaxta-y- ar-ma¥z-a 'OH 3a60THTC TO 0' BHHorpa,QHHKe,
TO 06 opeWflHKe', ,na tu az-i sim'sgr sawd! ". be-xar nama ',QaBaA
HH Tbl, flH B fie 6YAeM HH'IerO nOKynaTb Y 3Toro ToproB a'.
nOBTopeflHe ya, i (HJlH ki): ya ne bo-gO ya &n cCKa)l(H HJlH
,Qa, HJlH fleT!', ya ba yS bo-r6 'JlH60 OCTaBaAcB, JlH60 YXO,QH', i
s@r\ bA' -a i go na i pot bftK-a i lo gadA-yi m -kon-a cCblT 08 HJlH
rOJlO,Q\eH, O,QeT HJlH pa3AeT - nonpOWaAfIH'IaeT' ( i MO)l(eT B TaKoA
<ppa3e 3aMeflBTbCB CJlOBOM ke).
199
193. .npOTHBHTeJlbHoe COtlHHeflHe
maga (= magam, JlT. magar + ham) 60Jlee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHO,
tleM wa-Ieken HJlH affima: myG-y-i magam nA-wax(t) C Tb1 npHXOAHWb,
HO n03AHo', kela yAft-om' magam xub-e- -a n@ 'H HaWeJl 6aHaHbl, HO
He ,xopOWHe'.
C ke'; HanpHMep: wazir azer bud ke ain pa B 8zer bud 'npH-
CYTCTBOBaJi He TOJlbKO MHHHCTP, HO H caM KOPOJlb';" ain 'Aa)Ke'
(H3 JlT. tain) HJlH HHorAa': ma me-g-om ain C H 6bI Aa)Ke CKa3aJl' MO-
)KeT 3aMeWlTbCH Ha i-ra i m@-koIJ-i ke 'He TO qTO,.. HO H,...'.
j 194. KaY3aJlbHOe COtlHHetlHe
sabaq me-xanan erS-ke a emty n me-tarsan 'OHH 3aHHMaIOT.-
cH,noToMY tlTO 60HTCH 3K3aMeHa'; era-ke 'noToMY tlTO' HMeeT Me-
Hee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHble 3KBHBaJleHTbl (CM. 135), TaKHe KaK': az
xater @ ke, "az-i xite,r ke, az i sabab ke, az-i-darak ke, az-i-ragozar.
195
nOBTopeHHe BO <ppa3e MbICJlH, BbIpa)KeHHoA: B KOHQe npeAbIAY'.
IneA: <ppa3bI, oc06eHHO npH nOCJleAOBaTeJlbHOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH': a-
zAda tota-ra m@-pAlid. u-ra m -pal-id-o ar taraf 'sail m@-kad. wo sail
me-kad az-qftt-e kabal-a yak xar-po t-ak bar-amad. wo az-qat-e ka-
bal-a bar-amad-o kati ba c pa da gap-zadan od. 'npHHQ HCKaJl
nonyraH. J1CKaJI H Be3Ae CMOTpeJI. CMOTpeJl, KaK BAPyr H3 TpaBbI
BbIJle3 e)KHK. BblJ1e3 H3 TpaBhl H 3arOBOpHJI C CblHOM KOPOJlH". Pac..
CKa3t1HK KaK 6b1 "nepeBoAHT AblxaHHe", 3TO AaeT eMY BpeMH npHro-
TOBHTb HOBY.IO <ppa3Y, nOKa OH nOBTopHeT KOHeQ npeAbIAY1.l\eJi. OH
"corJlacyeT" onpeAeJleHID>IM 06pa30M pa3HbIe tlaCTH cBoeA: petlH':
cJlywaTeJlb CJleAHT 3a HHM H JlytlUle ,nOHHMaeT.
j 196
CJlOBa (COI03bI, HapetlHH HJlH tlaCTHQbI) YCHJlHBalOT CMbICJI
<ppa3bI HJlH npHAaIOT eJi oc06b1Ji CMbICJI':
xo/xo (H3 K6. xob C xOPOlUHJi' - JlT. xub) 'xopowo!' - tu xo
bya xAt didi 'npHAH H Tbl YBHAHWb!'; xo ami-ja rasida bod-em e...
200
,, · b "
'J1TaK, Mbl TYAa npHeXaJlH, KaK BAPyr... ; tw am xo parsa e-te
'AaA )Ke H TbI AeHEr!'; al xo by-i 'JlaAHO, npHXOAH!'; xo! ma .'na-
me-ger-om 'JlaAao, .H He B03bMY!'.
xo (H,3 K6. xod 'caM' JlT. xwad/xwod) ',HO.....: ma XQ xabar
na-da t-om '.H-TO BeAb He 3HaJl'; ma o m@-r-om. "TaK .H noAAy';-i
xo az tu's '9 0 BeAb TBoe', xarftb xo 'Jod '3HaqHT, OH HCnOpTHJI'-
C.H'; moft x.o na-dadi 'fie AapO ')Ke TbIOTAaJl'; moft xo na-xat
bard C He YfieceT )Ke Ofl TaK npOCTO' (cp. TerepaHCKoe ka, repaT
CKoe ka ) .
xai (H3 xair) 'JlaAflo!": x ir-as 'JlaARO, He 6eAa'; xai ba
C B TaKOM cJly ae OCTaflbC.H'; x i er I na-goft 'nO MY )Ke OH Tor-
.na 'fie CKa3aJl?', xai 0:3. i kon-@m" MY,' a HaM-TO QTO 'AeJlaTb? ;
xai xit didi 'flY TaK TbI YBHAHII!b!'.
dega (JiT. digar 'eIl(e'), yam (JiT. in-ham)': dega goft8r kada
me..ra 'a OH Bce TBepAHT OA80"H ',TO )Ke!'.. C x8 (H3 xub) ': x8 dega
'ay JlaAHO!": XQ be-xe dega 'H , BCTaBaA e!'. ,C XO.(H3 xod)
xo dega 'Aa, .HCRO (HO)'... C xai xai dega xO' nesti 'TaK. 3Ha.-
qHT, Tbl'H AOBOJleHJ... x6 xai-dega,be-te 'B TaKOM cJlyqae, AaA'...
j 197.
"Onopa peQH" (takya-kallm) - aapoAH&lA T pMHR, 0603HaqalO'-
Il(HA CJlOBa 6e3 TOqHOrO CMhlCJla, KOTOp&le cJly_aT AJI.H 3anOJIHellM.H
naY3 Y JlIOAeA (HMeIOIQJfX npHBhlQK.Y Be npephlBa'Tb. C8010 peqb), DOKa
OflM: nOA&lCKHBaIOT Hy)l{HOe CJlOBO (KaK y MHorHX cppaH Y30B alors ....
HJlH n' est-ce pas.?). MO)KHO OTMeTHT : xo, xob, xai, f idi-ke ('no-
HH aeUIb...'), od-ke-as ' HTaK', x<?dS barakat-et be-ta, bya ar ke
'AaA Te6e 60r CqaCTb.H, 6paT...', gOy-a ' TaK CKa3aTb' H T.A. HaH60-
Jlee ynoTpe6HTeJlbHa.H "onopa peQH" B Ka6YJlH - 9TO dega. C eAyeT
OTMeTHTb!: xod-dega, dega bySdar · HTaK, 6pa T'. . B3AhtX8.H, rOBO-
p.HT': dega-as dega .' Aa, TaKHe-TO' AeJU1'.
13-63
201
n.p }1 .lI A T 0 1J 0 E n P E JI 0 )K E H " E
3J1eMeHTbI H yno peQJleHHe
npH,QaTO'lHOrO npeAJlO)l(eHHJI
j 198
npHAaTOqHOO npeAJlO>Ke He npHcoeAHHHeTcH K rJlaroJlY rJlaB-
Horo npeAJlO>KeHHH npH nOMOInH COlO3a ke (CM. i 135):
mid-gaw-a a pada byftr (ke) bo-d8J-om 'npHBeAH KOPOBY H3
CTaAa, qT06b1 H ee nOAoHJla'. tS J.1-waxt-e(ke) samaroq-a sawz kon-a
e em-ba-ra xat bod-em 'HaM, HaBepHoe, npHAeTCH eIne nOAO)KAaTb,
nOKa nOHBHTCH rpH6b1'; bog8 (ke) ki po t-e rafta 'CKa>KH, KTO no-
weJl 3a HHM'; xabar na-d&r-om (ke) koj xaw-m€-kon-a 'He 3HalO,
rAe OH C.HT'.
BblnaneHHe ke B03MO>KHO c BO Bcex npHBOAHMblX npHMepax.
3TO K.acaeTCH-Bcex ct»pa3, COAep>KaInHX npHAaTOqHble npeAJlO>KeHHH,
rAe MbI 3aKJlIOqHJlH ke B CK06KH.
f 199. COrJlaCOBaHHe rJlaroJia
B npHAaTOqROM npeAJlO>KeHMH
OTMeTHM': ar kodftm-etan(ke) nawSsa-dar bft a (/ba -@n) 'Te
H3 Bac, Y Koro eCTb BHYKH...',; ar-kodam-e-ma (ke) xeJawa kada
me-tin -a (/me.tan -@m) 'Te H3 Hac, KTO YMeeT nOJlOTb...'.
200
BpeMH rJlaroJia npHAaTOqHOrO npeAJlO>KeHHH onpeAeJLHeTCH
rJlaBHblM npeAJlO>KeHHeM. OTMeTHM, OAHaKO': motar na-dftra ke
'safar bo-r-a 'Y Hero HeT aBTOM06HJI , qT06b1 OTnpaBHTbCH B nYTe.;
weCTBHe'; ett6 kas-a na-yaf-t-em ke i-ra pura bar-em gofta tanesta
biJ-a (/gofta be-tin-a) 'H He HaWeJl TaKoro qeJlOBeKa, KOTopblH
CMor 6bI MHe nOJIHOCTblO 06 3TOM cKa3aTb'; iz-e-ra did-€m ke na-
pors (/ke na-g6) 'Mbl TaKoe YBHAeJlH, qTO H He cnpawHBaA'.
202
j 201. CoqHHeHHOO npeAJlQ)KeHHe
BMeCTO npHA8TOQHOrO
az am-u zina tu bila odi..\\ro..az am u. zina ma payan &>d-om
'no ToA JleCT HHne TbI nOAH.HJlC.H, H no 'ToA >Ke JleCTHHne .H cnYCTHJI-
C.H I (BMecTo: az am-u zina ke tu bala 'Jodi ma payan ' odom '.H cny-
CTHJlC.H no ToR )Ke JleCTHHne, no KOTOpoA Tbl, nOAWlJlC.H').
4»YHKQHH npH aTOtiHoro npe.ll.JlO)l(eHHB
202. npHA8TOQHOe' nOAJle)K8Inee
ar-ci(ke) m3.gi dorost as 'Bce, tlTO Tbl'rOBopHWb, np8BHJlbHO';
ar-ki(Ke) ranj-id be-ranj-a 'BC.HKHA, KTO 06HAeJlC.H, nycTb 06HJ<8eT'-
C.H!', m@.. a (ke) bofro' -an me a (ke) nafros-an aga ba-del-e ma
ba!a m@-g-om (ke) nafro -an 'B03MO)KHO, OHH npOA8AYT, 8 B03MO)K-
HO, H HeT, HO eCJlH 6YAeT nO-MoeMY,.H CK8>KY, QT06bl He npOA8B8J1H'.
j 203. npHA8TOQHble cK83yeMoc'J'Hble
i amu gyS-y- "s ke da .ko-y Pa')Cman me-roy-a c 3TO TO C8Moe
p8CTeHHe, KOTOpoe p8CTeT H8 rope n8rM8H', ma aw-yax'serka.
mo qand talxin na-me-xor-om (ke) koll-e' bar-e golun-e nS-jor-
em noxs me-kon-a '.H He nbIO XOJlOAH9A BOAbI, YKCYC8, e eM nepn8,
C8X8p8, T8J1bX8H8 (cyweHoro TYTOBHHK8)'; Bce 3TO BpeAHO AJI.H
Moero 60JlbHOrO rOpJl8'.
j 204. npHA8TOQHoe AOnOJlHHTeJlbHOe
nOAP83AeJl".HIOTC.H H8 npHA8TOQHbIe peJlBTHBHble (c 06S138TeJlb-
HbIM ynoTpe6J1eHHeM ke)' H npHAaTOQHble KOH'bIOHKTHBHble (06bJ18J1e-
HHe H Bblp8)KeHHe )KeJl8HH.H)': iz-e-ra ke feker m@-kad-i dorost bud
'TO, tlTO TbI AYM8J1, 6bIJlO np8BHJlbHO', xabar lod-om asp-e xod-a
ba-kas bax id-a '.H Y3H8J1, tlTO 08 nOA8pHJI KOMY-TO CBOIO JlQW8Ab';
aga me-xS-y-i az zendagit xair be-ben-i u-j a bo-ra 'eCJlH Tbi XOtiemb
nOJlYQ8Tb OT )KH3HH YAOBOJlbCTBHe, HAH TYA8'; ,m€-tars-a ke d6kin-a
13-2 63
203
.doz na.zada 'bftJa 'OH 60H1VHi 'J,L06bI ero JlaBKY He Orpa6HJlH'"; 'goft-
a (ke) toy m€-kad-i mSder-et ft-et (ke) mitel ,ku 'rOBOpHJlH QTO
TbI c06HpaewbcB npa3,nHOBaTb cBa,nb6y, a TBO.H MaTb "Be,JleJia Te6e
no,n0)J(,[t8Tb .
j 205. npBMaB H KOCBeHHaB pe'lb
COI03 ke, ynoTpe6J1eHHe KOToporo ,He06B3aTeJlbHO, He MO)KeT'
JIY)«HTb npH3HaKOM KOCBeHHoA pe'lH. 3.neCb Ba)KHO Y'IHTbIBaTb
rpaMMaTH'IeCKHe cOrJlaCOBaHHB Me)K,ny pa3J1H'JHblMH 3J1eMeHTaMH
q.pa3b1.
)
. B B blKe npOCJlei<HBaeTcH He OTopoe 'npe,nnOQTeHHe .B ynoTpe6-
JleSdH np.HMoA pe1J'H, XOTB 'i<ocBeH aB peQb TO)Ke ynoTpe6HTeJlbHa::
r JlaBHoe npe,n O)K HHe " npHMa.H peQb KOCBeHH8.H pe'lb
(1) .tu porsid-i (ke) pa 'sa na-dGr-i paisa na-d -om
(2) goft-Qm-eJ (k ) by.a bya-y.a
(3) 8Z rna' po:rsid (ke) kis .i kist-om
(4) az-eJ porsid-om(ke) byader-et i ' od byader-e i ' od
(5) yag adam amad ke ,ma, xa rid-ar ast-om xarid-ar as '
(6) maktub-a did ke bo-bar posta-xGna be-bar-a posta-xana
n e p e 8 0 .n':
l) Tbl CnpOCHJI!: "HeT JlH, Y Te6.H,,neHer?"'; (2) H CKa3aJl eMY': "no-
,npA,nH"'; (3) OR cnpOCHJI",y M H : ""KTO Tbl?"'; (4) H CnpOCHJI. y Hero:
"r.ne TBOA' 6paT?"ii (5) npH1QeJl Ka oA-To 'IeJlOSeK (H CKa3aJl)': "'H
nOkynaTeJlb' ';' (6 .OH ,naJi nHCbMO "(H CKa3aJl)': "OTHe9H Ha nO'lTY".
YnoTpe6J1eBHe KocBeH oA pe'lH MO)KeT HHpf'.na npHBecTH K.
.nBycMblcJteHHocTJt; HanpHMep, 'Iatne rOBopHT: tu gofti (ke) ma
paisa na-dar-om '"Tbl c'Ka3aJl, tlTO y MeHB eT .neHer' (3M<paTH'Ie.-
CKoe ynoTpe6J1eHHe JlH'IHo.ro eCTOHMeHHH). Etne 60Jlee TO'lHblA
060poT': tu ma-ra' goft-i ke ma paisa na-dir-om 'TbI CKa3aJl 060
MHe, ''ITO y MeHB HeT .n Her'. npe.nnO'lTeHHe np.HMoA peQH 'IaCTO
n03BOJl.HeT H30eJKaTb HeTOQBOCTeH: 'az-ma pors id kisti 'OH cnpo-
CHJl y MeHB': KTO TbI?', 3TO TOQHee; He)KeJlJt: az-ma pors-id kist-
om, KOTopoe MO)KeT TaK)Ke 03HatlaTb ; 'OH CnpOCHJI y' MeRX!: KTO
B?' .
204
j 206, llpHAaTOtlHOe onpeAeJlHTeJlbHOe
OT'HOCHTeJlbHa.H tlaCTH a (CM, j 118) B 'pOJlH nOAJle)KalQero:
u ke lo ak 8'S i xftt kad 'tiTO CAeJU1Jl 6&1 TOT, KTO MomeH HK'. B
- .
pOJIH AOnOJlHeHH.H': 'gerd-e ke malem tarif-e-s-.a p e modir. e-
kon-a 'ytleHHK, KOToporo 'npenOAaBaTeJlb 'XBaJlHT 'AHpeKTOPY'.' n,JJe.o-
HaCTHtleCKHe 060 01b1 CJlY)KaT AJI.H' 3Mcpa3b1': yag-zan gereft ke u.
zan bad-rang bud OH )KeHHJlC.H Ha )KeHIQHHe, KaKOBa.H )K,eHIUHHa 6b1.-
Jla HeKpacHBa'.
YnoTpe6J1eHHe MeCTOHMeHHoro, CYCPcpHKca '(CM, f 112) HJlH
YKa3aTeJlbHOrO MecTOHMeHH.H (CM, 114) AJI.H Bblpa)Ke HH.H OTHO-
meHH.H npHHaAJle)KHOCTH': ma. sul e tawil-kada-gi ke r8'sid-e'J p@'s-e
tu's 'ynJlatl HHa.H nOWJlHHa, KB":TaH H.H OT :K TOpOA HaXOAHTC.H
Te6.H'; u g8spand-e ke az p6st-e bilf-p8J 'saxta m -'J-a cOB a,
H3 WKypBl KOTOpoA WbIOT wy6y'; C npeA oroM': tu ke bar-et kaii
t-em 'TbI, AJiB KOToporo'MbI CWHJlH o,ne)KAY'; etto oJ-yar ke
mesl-eJ (/me'sl-e.J wAr@) kas na-did-on: 'TaKoA YMBblA, tlTO Sf He
BHAeJi nOA06Ho£'O eMY'.
YnOTpe6J1eHHe npeAJlora AeJiaeT HHf;)rAa nJleOilaCTHqeCKHMH
APyrHe 060POTbI': ur-o doz-i kay, m@-biJ-a da molk-e ke (da unj =
da-y-e ) mardom din-dar . bl'J-an 'p83Be 6b1BaeT rpa6e)K 'H BOpOB-
CTBO B CTpaHe, rAe (TaM) JlIOAH 6or060.H3He,HHbI?'
n pUOam014HfJ'e 0 6cmo meA 'bCIf' eH"we np eOAOXSHUJI
j 207
COI03, HJlM CO.I03Hoe Bblp )KeHHe, BBOA.HlQee 06CTO.HTeJlbCTBeH.
Hoe npeAJlO)KeHHe, MO)KeT nOB'J'op.HTbC.H, eCJlH OHO BBOAHT HOBOe
npeAJlO)Ke'HH ': adam \\'axt-eke nS-jar bAJ-a ya waxt.@.ke'.mo'slrer
ba a rOz@ ra az'an.a na-me-ger-a 'Kor,na KTO-JlH60 60JleH HJlH
(KorAa OH) HaXO.QHTC.H B nyTH, OH He co6J1IOAae-r noom , Mecsn paMa
3a H' .
j 208 , npHAaTOtlHble BpeMeHH
0603 tla1OT .0AHoBpeMeHfloCTb AeAcTBH.H B rJl8BHOM If npH-
AaTOtlUcOM npeAJlO)KeHH.HX - qess@ lax idan-em ke yfd-em" myi-v-a
13-3 63
205
xand@m me-g r-a 'KorAa B BcnOMHHaIO 0 TOM, KaK B nOCKOJlb3H JI-
CB. MeHB pa36HpaeT .CMex'; ami-ke tu xO' bt -i m'8m xo'J ast-om
'6bIJi 6b1 TbI AOBOJleH - H B 6YAY AOBOJleH'. npeAweCTBOBa He:
to-ra ke dida na-bftJ-om deq ° xafa me- -om 'KorAa B 'He BH)KY Te-
6B, B AeJlaIOCb netlaJlbHbIM'; az-waxt-e-ke. arid-a lalmi jan gere ta
'c Tex nop, KaK npoweJl AO)KAb, noceBbl oa OenOJlHBHbIX 3eMJlBX
O)KHJlH'. CJle OBa8He': pe az-i-ke bo-gr8z-a (f goroxta ba -a) 'npe)K-
tie tleM OH' YOO)KHT'; ta u mardom o&.yGr sawan taba me-' -an 'nOKa
3TH JlmAH OC030aIOT (onaCHOCTb), OOH 6YAYT YHHtlTO)KeHbl ; ta
yagadam garm-o-sard-e raz- r-a na- a id-a da na-me.. a=adam-€
ke garm-o-sard-e roz-gSr-a na-ca ida Sdam na- oda' 'KTO He HCnblTaJi
npeBpaTHOCTeA CYAb6bi, TOT eIne He qeJlOBeK'.
j 209. npHAaTOtlHble OppaOHtlHTeJlbHble
- BB,OA TC.a tlaIne Bcero COI03aMH t -i-ke ' AO Tex nop, nOKa t
(ba) yair-e-i-ke 'KpoMe KaK": b@-az-i-ke iz-e y d be-ger-a bar-
&mad 'OH BbIWeJl, HHtleMY He HayqHBWHCb'; ewaz-e (JiT. t,e\\laz-e)'
-i-ke (fba-jay i-ke) az-ma xO' bA!a daw-em zad 'BMeCTO Toro,
qT06bl 6blTb AOBOJlbHblM MHOIO, 08 06pyraJi MeH..H'; xalet az koll-e
tAn xafa"s maga';i-ke tu xod-et bo-r-i az-e ozOr"bo-xa-y-i 'TBOB Te,-
T Ha Bcex HaC 06H)KeHa, p 3Be qTO TbI caM noAAewb H nonpOCHmb
Y Hee np0IneHHB'.
210. npHAaTOtlHble eJlH
npHcoeAHHBIOTCB COI030M ke (3aMeInaeT ta} 'AJIB Toro, tlTO-
6b1' B JlT.': kolc!a-ra da daJ-e garm de-,sti na-man ke pe.J-day na- -a
'He CTaBb netleHbe cpa3Y B ropBtlyIO netlb, tlT06bI OHO He nOArope-
JlO t ; p@!-et amad bar-e-az-i-ke kati't a ti kona '00 npHwe..'1 K Te6e,
tlT06bt" nOMHpHTbCB C To60A'; (yag-bSr) na-Ja ke na-t!ni 'KaK 6bI He
nOJlY HJlOCb 'TaKi tlTO TbI He CM'O)l{eWb'.
j 211. npHAaTOtlHble CJleACTBHB
BblnaAeHHe ke (cp. j 198) Ha6J1IOAaeTCB peAKO:
eqqa i xalif@..ma zalem as ke az dest-eJ r6z na-dar m 'Ka-
KoA )Ke AecnOT 3TOT Haw X03BHH, tlTO HaM OT Hero HeT )KH3HH!';
206
eqqa 'satranj-bSzi J<ad-em ke bixi kall-e ma gangs !ad C MbI TaK
HaHrpaJlHCb B waXMaTbI, '{TO CUlfceM :06aJr,neJlJf'; a men 6'" ke me-
xly-i iz-et-a kas n,a-ger-a iz-e kas-a na-gir 'Kat< TbI XOqeWb,
qT06bl HHKTO Y Te6B HHqerO He 6paJl, TaK H caM HH'{ero 'He '6ePH
Y APyrHx'; kam' mand-a bud bo-mor-om a B qYTb He YMep' (BblnaAe,.
HHe ke)"
"
ain(ke) (JlT, fain) 'Aa)Ke": ain(ke) nS-jar ' cid(=nB-jor -h1 ke
'Jod) ort-e xod-a ,xarAb na-kadi 'Aa)Ke KorAa OH 3a60JleJl, Tbl H He
n06eCnOKOHJlCB! (6YKB. He nOTpeBO)KHJI CBOIO MbICJlb)'.
j 212, npHAaTOqHOO YCTynHTeJlbHOe,
r JlaBHOe rfpeAJlO)KeHHe Ha1.lHHaeTCB. c': bSz-am'= mag'-am 'Bce-
,
TaKH', 'HeCMO'1'pB Ha 3TO', H T,n,': agar- i ma-ra ? -em na-m'y-8'
y-a biz-Bm da-i majles m r-om 'XOTH MHe H He. XOqeTCB, B Bce )Ke
noAAY Ha 3TO c06paHHe J ; ar- an(d) '(=ar- i-ar-'qadar=ar- eqa=ar-te-
qadar) ke bo-g8-yi-"' gapa-y' katta katta na-zan ba-goC(t) na-me-
kon-'a 'KaK HH rOBopH eMY, qTo6bI OH He QBaHMJlCB, 'OH He nocJlywaeT-
CB'; sar-e-az-i-ke lat xord-a del-e i nar-g.aw joyol kadan-e xannand
na-m2- a 'XOTB ero H 6HJlH, TOT 6blK He 'x qeT MOJlOTHTb'; ar i
bo-g6-y-i' m@..g-a par\\a na-dir-a c qTO eMY'HH CKa)KeWb, OH ro o-
pHT: He HMeeT 3HaqeHHB'.
i 213, npHAaTOqHOe npHqHHbJ
BBOAHTCB COlO30M ke (HJlH 060pOTOM Ha ke), CPt ! 13&:
xo' ke na-m@ -a era bar-e kar m€-kon-i 'pa3 OH HeAOBOJleH,
3aqeM )Ke Tbl Ha ilero pa60Taewb?'; aCarin-ke yaCti-'! 'MOJlOAe ,
qrO HaWeJl ero'; zftmat na-kaJ e-rft ke Cayda na-dar-a 'He YTPY)KAaA
ce6B, nOTOMY qTO 3TO 6eCnOJle380 ; ar-gay-ke (JlT har-gfth..e-ke)
(=waxt-@-ke) tu na-m -g-i m'am na-m -g-om ',pa3 Tbi He rOBopHWb,
TO H H He CKa)KY';' az-i ke gap-a 'sanjid-i kAka-y't xo' od 'TBOA
ABAB 06paAOBaJiCB TOMY, qTO TbI,06AYMaJi 3TO AeJlo'.
r JlaBHOO npeAJlO)KeHHe, KOTopoe nOAQHHHeT npHAaTOqHOe npH"
qHHbI (HJlH nO.Q06Hoe eMY), 3aCJlY)KHBaeT Cne HaJlbHOrO paCCMOTpe..
HHB': tu (ke) na baxl5i dega ( =xai) ma erft bo-bax -om 'eCJlH Tbl He
13-4 63
207
npOlI{aemb, nOqeMY )Ke JI ,QOJlJ<e.H npOCTJlTb'; lyaz-e rr:i-ra dar-a (k )
.ana ( .= 8na dega = ana. bi-hi) @ bad na-m@-g-a 'OH YBa)l(aeT Hac': 8M-
,QHWb, O He rOBopHT HJNerO nJloxoro'; xai bar-em yag godi ya yak
t k 4!\ .,"" k b
op e na-me-xar-l m am ma ta na-me-r-om 'B TaKOM cJlyqae,' eCJlH
TbI He KYIBfWb MHe KYKJIY HJlH MJIq, JI He noD,ny B WKOJlY'; u ke'sOta-ra war
kadJelend-am milom-dar (JiT. matJum) z@r-e sang po Jod 'KOPA8
OH 6pOCHJI naJlKY, JlIQepHQa, pa3YMeeTCJI, CnpJlT8J1aCb no,Q K8MHeM'.
214. npHAaTOqHOe cpaBHeHMJI
KOPP JIJlTMBHOe cpaBHeHHe, nOBTQpeHHe m '(JIT. ham)': iz-€
ke goft' bodi amottor am od 'KaK TbI rOBOpHJI, TaK H nOJIyqHJIOCb';
gfty eqq'am zamat na-did-a bod-om ke err:roz (am) di.dom CJI ,HHKor,Qa
He HCnblTblB8Jl TaKH 3aTpy AHeHHIi, KaK CerO,llHJI'.
az ... ka9a (CM. 106): az do-r6z zia'tar na-pay-en 6 Re oc-
TaBaDTecb 60Jlee ABYX ABeD'; az ft , kada gann-tar 'ropJlqee, qeM
aw (pO,A TecTa, Bapeaoro B BOAe, c npHnpaBaMK)' (nOCJlOBHQa); az
b@.kar e. tan kada doxtar zAyidan xub as 'qeM CHAeTb 6e3 AeJIa,
JlY'lWe 'p0)KaTb AeBOqeK' (nOCJlOBHQa).
,l);pyrMe COI03 cpaBReHHJI': iq-as ' onidom mesl-e (az) i ke
kas da jar yarq lawa &JI YCJlbIWaJl TaKHe KPHKH, ,KaK 6YATO «TO-TO
rOHeT B apbIKe'j etto okom m -kona faqat (bq-gu-y-i) ke pa<!B blsa
'OR TaK KOMaHAyeT, KaK 6y ATO OH KOPOJlb'. O,TtljeTHM KpeCT., kott-
o-mott kuya war-e &TOqb-B-TOqb KaK KJIeIn' (=BYJlbr.)
215. npHl(aTOqROe YCJlOBHOe
r JlSrOJlbHbJe BpeMeHa H aaKJlOHeHHJI B rJiaBHoM H npHAaTOq-
ROM npeJlJlo)Ke8M-slX': aga pare-r8z rne-gofti-' dina roz-a inj a me-
pgy-id 'eCJlH 6b1 TbI eMY CKa3aJI n038B'Iepa, H 6b1 BQepa Oc aJICJI
3AeCb'; aga bar-eJ bo.py-i em-rSz i-ja m .pi-y-a &eCJlH TbI eMY
CKa)KeWb, OR cero,nHJI OCTaHeTCJI 3AeCb'; aga bar-e bo-gB-y sab
i-ja m@.paya 'eCJlH TbI eMY CKa)KeWb, OR 3aBTpa OCTaHeTCJI 3AeCb';
aga xo m@.bud geryan na-m@-kad 'eCJlH 6b1 OH 6bIJI AOBOJleH, OR
6bJ He nJlaKaJI';' aga deste a be-ger-i na-mefta &eCJlH TbI B03bMeWb
erg 3a PYKY, OR He ynaAeT'.
208
J
"
,!
.,
I
J
J
i
t
!
Xap8Krep YCJlOBHB:
(1) aga baran m@.bir-a asel xub myBya;
(2) aga barin bo-bar-a asel xub myiya;
(3) aga baran bar-id asel xub my a; ( = xat amad) (CM. 147- ,
If 31).
(1) ECJIH H,neT ,nO>K,nb, 6b1B8eT xopomd ypoJK8A (o6IQee OTBo-
weHHe );
(2) ECJIH noA,neT ,nO>K,nb, 6y,neT xopomd YPo)l(aA (oTHomeHHe,
Orp8HHqeHHOe ,n8HHblM CJIyq8eM)';
(3) ECJIH noA,neT ,nO)K,nb, H8BepHoe, 6YAeT xopomHA ypo)KaA.
CJle,nyeT OTMeTHTb P83JIHQHble C OB8 . 060POThI, BBO JlIQHe..
OpH,n8TOQHble YCJlOBHble: ar-gay-ke be-tan-i xub ar-gay-ke na-tan-i
c! 'eCJlH CMO>KeWb - xopomoi" 8. HeT - HHQero"; w8Xt-e (ke) O '
n@'s k8 kon-a 'eCJIH OH He ,nOBOJleH, nYCTb nepee3JK8eT', aga me-gi
ma sazl-yJ-a me.t-om &eCJlH Thl CK8)Kemb (Tee. eCJlH XOQemb), JI
ero H8K8)KY'; aga meftid-om 8le marda bod-om 'eCJlH 6h1 JI ynaJl,
CeAQ8C 6b1 JI 6b1JI Y>Ke MepTB'; bejjaw-i .be.tar m@.;Ja &OOJlHTbI
nO)Kyemb, 6y,neT JlYQwe'; ma bar-et goft-o)n "aga n@ be-xabar me-
mand-i &JI Te6e CK838J1, 8 TO TbI 6b1 H He 3D.I'; ul;e kas .Jaw-a y
na- -a i farq m kon-a '38MeTHT K.3'o-HH6YAb UK BeT, K8K8JI pa3-
HHQ8?'; ke ermtiz adam na-s.i kai me-J-i cecol. Thl cerOABJI He OTa-
Helllb QeJIOBeKOM, TO Kor,n8 )Ke?'
Hepe8JIbHOe YCJIOBHe: aga @waz-et mS-bod-on: z8r me-xord-om
'eCJIH 6b1 JI 6b1JI H8 TBoeM MeCTe, JI'6b1 OTpasUCJI'; aga mijet m€-
dis kas ra nomftz-xandan na-m€-mSnd 'ec... fibl Y Hero fihlJI8 Me-
QeTb, OH He nYCKaJI 6b1 HHKoro MOJI¥TbCJI' (nOCJlOB.Q8 ; 18ir-e
az-i ke az asmBn sang bo-bftra 'p83Be QTO C ae6a KaMBH DOCbln-
JIIOTCJI' .
COKPAIQEHHH
ape - apa6CKHA
HHA. - XHHAYCTaHH
K6. - Ka6YJlH, pa3rOBOpHbJA nepCHACKHA H3bIK Ka6YJla
TXp. - TexpaHH, TerepaHCKHA AHaJleKT
, .
JlT. - JlHTepaTypH A nepCHACKHA
nWT. - nYWTY (naWTO)
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