Текст
                    C.A. TpLIKaHOBa


OCHOBhI
H3BHPATEnhHOrO
I nPABA H npOD;ECCA


y.,e6Hoe lloc06He





C.A. T pblKaHOBa OCHOBbl 36PATEIlbHOrO nPABA  npOUECCA Y4e6Hoe noco6ue MOCKBa I13a.aTeJIbL-ruo..$J1I1HTa» l1:maTeJ1bCTBO «Hayt<a» 2010 
YllK 342.8(075.8) 66K 67.400.5173 T8a Pel.\eH3eHTbI: KaHIL nOIll-fT H-JYh., C'T3pIllfit npellQll.dljilfeJ]b l<ill]Jen,pu. nCWllfro/IOrnl1 $iKyJlbTeTa IOpI1Cnpyn.eHl[I1" .. nOJ'lK1OJ1OI1I11 I'I1:3aHCKOro rocYlIapc-rneHHOroYH"lJepclfJeTd o.c. Mopmo6a; KaJ-tII nOJ'lIfT. Ha)'K, JlOL!eHT KaJeJ\pbl ynpaH!1eHWI CIpIdHdW1 11 )"JpeJKJIeH..HMI1 YHH $iKyJlbTeTd ynpal!llf:HlUl ANtaer.1.... Yc:tx:J-1H Poce.... IJ.B.Q».v.1fJ6 TpbOOUlOllaC.A. T80 OcHOBbl HJ6HparcJIbHOro npasa 11 np:JUecca : )"100. noc06He / CA TPbIKaHOBa. - M. _ Q)J1i1HTI1 : HaY\ill, 2010. - 96 c. ISBN 978-5-9765-0836-1 (J\HHTII) ISBN 978-5-02-037158-3 (HayKa) B}"IroHoMnoc06Hl1paccr.lUfpeHblocHOBHbleKilTeropHH H3DIlpllTeJlbHOro npaBa. <Nif'BI'.TCJ1IDOIIDIbi OCoDcHHOC111 Bbl5opoBpa3I1HHbIX ypootII.fi. OCHOBHblC: BI-\!lbl OI1rTCTlIeHHOCTIt:Jll .mpyweHHe H1IhI-<bI>. np3B IJ"DI'.'I'IH. KHl1rn M0- >KeT6b1TbllCnOJ1bJOB<lHanpl1ll3Y',eHHHTdKltX"YP'-0II, IGIKKoHCTH1)'UHOH"oe npaoo 1'$.>. lbHoe npaool1 npoueccH 41arIKl'OJJOlll!l6. JI.,'BlOpltCTOB,n0Jl1fTOJlOroB.A.CT).IIeHRJH,3T3lCf(eMj'HHUH- na.rIbllWl.l1l"O!.):II..pcnu1HblX c.")?KillI\HX. YLJ,K 342.8{075.8) EiEK 67.400.5s73 ISBNCJl8-S-9765--{)8.16-1 (Q)J1I1I-ffi1) ISBN 978-5-02-037158-3 (HaYKa) '"JTpbIK3HOIIJ CA. 2010 (9H3lIa1\'JIbCTDO.<D:nmfm.,2010 
1!3g"'iUe TpblKdHUBa CBerAaHd AHaTOAbeBHtI. OCHOBbl 1136I1PATEAbHOrO nPABA II nPOL\ECCA Yel5fwel1UClJ6ue 
BBE,QEHIt1E 3a BpeMSl cyrqeCTBOBaHl-UI POCCHficKOfi <DeAepaQIUI BCeHapOA- HbIe BbI60pbI npO'lHO BOllL\H B JK1I3Hb poccHficKOrO 06IL1eCTBa B Ka'leCTBe 4o/HKl\1I0HHpylOll\erO HHcTmyra ctJOpMlJpOBaHlIH npe.A- CTaBItTefU,Hb(X OCHOB H.apOAOBhilCTlliI. no CyrH, Hil HilllIlIX rAa3ax npOI1CXOAHAO CTaHOBAeHHe 11 pa3BHTHe COBpel'>leHHOfi H361Ipa- TeAbHOfi ClICTeMbI POCCl1fiCKofi <DeAepill.\lIlI, cOnpOBO)K,ll.ileMOe ilK- THBHbIM nOI1CKOM 11 anpo6aqlJefi Ha npaKTlIKe IOplWl'leCKlIX qJop- M)'/I. OCYll\eCTI\Jl.eHlUl H 3alltl1TbI KOHCTI1'I)"l1110HHoro npaBa rpil)K- AaH 11361IpilTb 11 6bITb u36paHHbIMH B opraHbl rOCYAilPCTBeHHoj;j: BhilCTlI H MeCTHoro caMoynpaBAeHHSI. npOQeCC qJOpMlIpOBaHlISi H36HpaTehbHoro saKoHoAilTeAbCTBa OXBaTlIA Bce ypoBHlI npaBoBo- ro peryMfpOBaHlIH: ctJeAepilAbHbrli:. pernOHilAbHbrli: H I\fYHlIQlIIIilAb- H.... B POCCHI1 npOBOAlfTO! nOAHOMaCIlITa6HilH nOAJ1TH'feCK1UI: pe- 4JoPMa, HilrrpaBAeHHilH Hd pil3BHTlJe AeMOKpaTlI'leCKlIX Hd'ldA B 4JopMHpoBaHlIH 11 AeSiTeAbHOCTII UHCTIIT}'TOB roCYAilPCTBeHHoH BAaCTII H MeCTHoro caMoynpilBAeHlIH. OprilHlI'JeCKOfi COCTaBNlIO- ll\eH 3TOH perpopMbI SlBAJleTCH perpopMil H3611paTeAbHOfi CHCTeMbl, o6eCne'lHBaIDlI..\ilH AeMOKpaTlI'leCKOe BocnpoH3BOACTBO H pOTa- QHID BAaCTIf no HTorilM neplIOAII'leCKlI npoBoAlIMbIX BbI60POB. B 31'OM KOlITeKCTe oco60e SHil'leHHe nplI06peTaIDT BOnpOCbI.. KacaID- ILIlIecSi ocyrn;ec'TBJ\eH1UI H361IpilTeAbHbIX npaB rpaJKAilH, d TaKJKe CnoC06bl IlX 3alWITb!, nOTOM}' 'ITO HMeHHO peil.lU13ill.\llH CBOIIX 1I3- 6hp<rrellliHb['!: IIpilB HIpd€T nepBOCTeneHlfYIO pOAb B AOCTH)j(eHlIl1 /I.Ii'l'1mIMHOCTH pe3Y/l.bTaTOB BbI6opOB. lli611p<rre1U>Hble npaBd I'paJKAilH - 0AHil1f3 OCHOBHblX rapaH- THif peaAhHOro nepeXOAil K ClICTeMe nOJlJfTII'lecKoif AeMOKpaTI1H B co6CTBeHHoM CMblCAe AilHHoro nOIDITIIH, T.e. K cHcreMe oprilHlI3a- QHlI H 4o/HKl.\hOHHpOBillfllil HHC'I'lfiYIUB roCYAapCTBeHHOfi BAaCTlI H MecrHoro CdMoynpaBAeHlliI, OCHOBdHHOif Hil CBOiSo,II,HOM nOJlJfTII- 
'leCKOM BOAell3OW1BAeHlI1I I'paJKAaH, nepHO,lI.II'lecKOfi CMeWleMOCI'H BAaCTll no 1IT0rdM I'OAOCOBdHIDl. CAeAYeT OTMeTllTb, 'lTO li36Hpa-reAbHOe npaBO POCCHHCKOH (])eAePdQillf HBMleTCfI 0AHliM li3 BaJKHeHuHrx HHCTIIT)'TOB pocclifi- CKoro npaBa, BXOAHT B cocraBH)'K! 'faCTb KOHCTIITyl.I;UOHHoro npa- Bd POCCJ.{fiCKOi1 t!JeAepa.u;J.{H. TaKHM 06pa30M, npaBO H36HpaTb H 6bITb H36paJUJbll'Ui npeAo- CTaMeHO HdM KOHCTeH POCCJ.{i!cKofi <DeAepaIJ;l1H. J.{ OT TOro, HdCKOAbKO KOMlleTeHTHO H C AOJUKHOH fJ\.y6HHOll 3HdHl1H MbI Gy- AeM Pd36HPdTbCSI B MexaHJ.{3Me peaAli3dqHH MHHbIX npaB, 3dBl1- OIT ypoBeHb AeMOKpaTIf'lHOCTll HdIIIero rOCYAdpcrBa OporneAUIlfe napAal'IeHTCKlie BbI60pbI HdrMlAHO npOAel'IOHCT- pHpOBdMI, 'ITO nOAHTIf'leCKilli KYMnypa H36UpdTeAeH, no cpdBHe- Hmo C IlfJ€'MH BbIOOpaMl1, 3Ha'lMTeAbHO BbIpoClla. 3m nOA- TBeplK,ll,deT H Bb!COKa.H SlBKa, 11 OTCyrCTBlie 4JdKTOB KpynHbIX npaBO- HapYIIIeHHi1 BO BpeMfi npOB€AeHHSI rOAOCOBdm1f1. OrNJ'II1TeAbHoi1 'lepTOll A)'MCKIIX Bbl60pOB craM> dKTliBHoe yqacTIIe B HHX MOAoAe- JIGf, H:nO TO.JKe nOATBep.JKAder, 'ITO B 06ll\eCTBe npeoAoAeHbI KPH- 3HCHbIe HBAeHHfI, POCCHfi BblXOAHT Hd Ka'leCTBeHHO HOBblH ypo- BeHb pd3BlITlifi AeMoKpa-rli'leCKliX OTHorneHHll, BbICTpaliBdeTcH HOBblH TIm OTHOIIJeHHi! Me.JKAY BAdCTbtO li 06ll\ecrBoM. 
rI1aBa 1 11'13611'1PATEIlbHOE nPABo: nOHHTt.1E, OCHOBHblE nPlo1HL.J.Hnbl HHCTHT)'T Bbl60poB n(.leACIiiBlVleT c06011 BblpaJKeHJ.fe AeMOK- paTH3Mil B rOCYAapCTBe H o6J..qeCTBe. CerOAIHI npaKTHtteCKH HH 0AHO rocyAilpCTBO He MOJKeT o6owrnCb 6e3 3Toro HHCTHT}'Ta Ae- J\fOKpdTlJl1, TblC»'leKpaTHO OIIpaBJ>,aBlIIerO ce6H B MHpoBOH nOAH- THtteCKoH I1CTOpHH. O}'T€M BbI60pHbIX npoqeAYP 4JOPMHpyIOTC» npeACTaBlITeAbHble opraHbI rocYMPCTBeHHOI1 BAilCTll H MeCTHoro caMoynpaBAeHJ.ffi. H36lJpalOTCSI AOAJKHOCTHhle J\J.Iqa B roCYMPCTBe H perlloHax. BbI60pbI - cnoc05 4Jopr-mpoBaHHSI rocyMPcTBeHHbIx opra- HOB, OCHOBaHHbIl1 Ha BOAen.:1'bJ!BAeHHH B 4JopMe roAocoBaHHSI He- nocpeACTBeHHo HapOAa J\J.I60 ynOAHOMOlleHHblx Ha TO AHq'. Bhl60- phi - BaJKHeHlIIee 3aBoeBaHHe AeMoKpaTllH, C nOMOl1\hlO KOTOpo- 1'0 HapoA oC}'lileCTBNleT CBOIO BAacTh LJ,eAH Bhl60poB: - npHAaHHe rOCYAapcTBeHHhlM H i1HbIM opraHaM, AOAJKHOCT- HblM AHqaJl-! Jl.enITHI'lHOCTH; - Cl'leHil KOHKpeTHhlXAHq YBAilCfH npH coxpaHeHHH nOAHTII- lIecKoro Kypca; - Cl'leHa nOl'U1"rntte<:Koro Kypca; - olIpeAeJ'\eHHe opneHI1lpoB Ha 6yAYJl.lee; - CeAeKIJ;lliIlI.HAepoB 2 . I HK}W.eBA.B. l\.uHCTHT)'LII1UHHOe nJ>dHU hIX C'lpdH. M., 2005. C.63 2TaMJKe 
K OCHOBOnOAilralOlQlfM nplfHQlfIIaM COBpeMeHHbIX BbI6opOB OTHOOITOI: - BCe05upd.:i Xapill.;:rep; - CBo(5cWlOe yqacTIle rpiV!(AaH; - np.!lMOe (KOCBeHllOe) roAoCOBaHlre; - paBHOe roi\OCOBaHHe: - TaHHOe rOAOCOBoHlfe. BbI60pbI MOryr 6bITb IIp5l'\ll,(MH H KOCBeHHbII<-llf. B xOAe np5lMbIX BbI60poB AenyraTbI BCeX ypOBHeH H36HparoTC5I HenOCpeACTBeHHO H36HpdTeMlMlf, a B xOAe KOCBeHHbIX H36Hp<'ITehH Bbl6nparoTTOAbKO opraHbl I-H cryneHH, a BbIllIecr<1:Hll\He AerryraThl tf36lfpalOTC.!l HH- JKeCTO.!lll\llNH BbI60pHbIMtf opraHaMtf. TaK, Hanpt{Mep. npe3lfAeHT alIA 1136lfpaeTC.!I nyreN KOCBeHHblX BbI60pOB (HaCeJ\eHHe Kd.J!<AO- ro llITaTd lf36Hpder BbI60PlQH:KOB ar llITdTa, a KOAAenrn BbI6oplQlI- KOB - npe3lf,l\,eHTd). K npetfl'>l}'lQeCTBdM KOCBeHHbIX BbI60pOB MOJKHO QTHeCTlf TO, 'JTO B BblllieCTO.!llQlIe HHCTdHQt{f[ H36HpaJOTC.!I 60hee rpdl'>1OTHble H npo4!eccnOHCUI.bHbIe AenyraTbI (noCKOAbKY HX Bbl6t{pillOT npo4Jec- CHOHdAbl H3 (CBOerO Kpyrd») - Hlf)KeCT05llQlfe AenyraThI). OpH 3TOM oCAd6M1eTCH CB5I3b C H36npaTeMlMlf, TdK KdK lIfiIorocryrreH- 'JdTble KOCBeHHbIe BbI60Pbl t{CKaJKalOT tfx BOAIO, t{ He BcerAa BbI:- 60p KOMerlft{ npo4JeCC110HaAOB COBIIaAdeT C BbI60pOM npOCTbIX JUOAeil. EOhee AeI'>IOKpCU'lI'IHbIMt{ C'IlITaIOTC5I np5lMbie Bb160phI 3 . OOI'>It{MO np.!ll'>lblX H KOCBeHHblX BbI60pbl MOryr 6bITb. - Bce06ll\HMH H npoMe)Kyro'JHbIMt{ tBceo6ll\HI'>1H SlBMlIOTCSI BbI60pbI OaAdThlnpeACTaBlITeAeH KOHrpecca ClllA. a npo- Me)KyrO'lHbIMH - BbI60pbI CeHoTa aIIA, KOTOphIH Ka)l{- we NJa roAa 06HOBMleTCH Ha TpeTb); - O'iepeAHb!Mlf If BHeO'lepeAHbIMH (HanpHMep, npH AOCpo'l- HOl'>1 pocnyCKe napAilMeHTa); - AOno1\Hl1TeJ\bllbIMII (KOfAil nOHBMleTCH BdKdlITHOe AenyrdT- CKoe MeCTo); J RK)W.eB A.B. KOHCTHT}'l\HoHHoe npaBo 3dpy6eJKHbIX cTpaH M, 2005. C 67 
- nOBTOpHblMH (KOfJl,a BhI60pbl He JI,aM! pe3YJ\hTaTa - He 6hIAO He06xoAlfIl-101"O KBOPY1"fa, J\lf60 HHKTO He 6hIA H36paH). BbI60pbI AOIIJKHbI HOCHTh nepHOAlf'leCKHH xapaKTep. 0611\e- npHHHThIH B MHpOBOH npaKTHKe CpOK, Ha KOTOpbIH H36HpalOTCj! npe3u...eHT, napAaMeHr H lfHble ACJA)KHOCTHbIe I'\llll;a, paBeH 4-5 ro- AaM. HHofAa BCTpe'lilIOTOI 60Aee npOAONKHTeAbHble (7 AeT AMI npe:mAeHTa HT3AI1:H) HAll MeHee npDAC'tA)KlneAbHble CpOKll (1 I"OA AM! npe3liAeHTa lllBeHl..\dpHH, 2 ro.a AM! v.eHa flaAaThI npeAcTa- BIlTeJ\eH Kompecca ClllA). H KaTefOpllilMH Bhl60pHOl"O npoqeccil nOBceMeCTHO HBA.\lIOTC5I cOAep)KaTeAbHbIe Ae<!>HHHQHH H36Hp<'HeAbHOrO npaBa H H36HpaTeAbHOH ClICTeMbI:. AaHHble nOHHTWI onpeAellJ'llOT MOAeAb nocrpoeHlliI CHCTeMbIAeMOKpaTHH B KaJKAOM OTAeAbHOM rOCYAilP- CTBe, 3aKA<JAbIBil.IITeM CilMhIM xilpilK"IepHble '1epTbl p33BlfTllil3ilKO- HOBAilHHOHcpe. .RBlIJ'Ij'!Cb COBOKynHOCThlO KOHCTl11}'QHOHHo-npaBoBbIx HOpM, H3611pilTeAbHOe npaso o6pil3}'eT BIDKH)'lO COCTaBH)'ID 'IilCTh KOHCTII- T)'l.\HOHHOro npaBa PoccHi.JcKQi.i tDeAepaQHI1, OARY 113 Hil1160Aee 3Hil'lll!\tbIX era nOAOTpilCheH If peryAHPyeT TaKlle 0611\eCTBeHHbIe OTHOllIeHHH, KOTopble CKAaAbIBaIOTCH, HilrrpHMep, npH BhI60pax Ope3HAeHTa POCCI1HCKOH tD€AepaQHH, AenyraToB 3ilKOHOAa-reAb- HbiX (npeACTc\BIrreAhHbl:xJ opraHOB BAaCTll tD€AepaltHH H ee C:yUbeK- TOB, il TilK)Ke npH BhI60pax B HCnOAHlITeAbHhIe opraHhI BAaCTH H opraHbI !\teCTHora caMoyIIpaBAeHlliI. COAep)KilHHe H36hP<'lI"e.hlliOrO npasa -:no 061\€'1eHHhIe rocy- AapCTBOM B clmpJl.I)' npaBOBhIX HOpM npHHQlfnbl:, nOAQ)KeHIfSI H ra- pilHTl1ll, corMCHO KOTOpblM npOBO,o,JITC5I Bbl6opbI, OcyIi..\ AeficTBtUlH IIpHHHMalOTCj! pellleHitH IpaJKAilHaMIl, nOMl'I'H'leCKllMH napTHj!MH, H36MpaTeAhHbIMH KOMHCCIfSIMH, AP)'TllMI1 Opral-iilMH, Ha- AeAeHHbIllil nOAHOMO'lIlHMH no nOAfOTOBKe If npOB€AeHHlO BbI6o- pOB, IfHhlMH Cy6'beKTilJI.llf npaBOOTHOllleHHH Hil pa3All'lHbIX 3TilIIilX 1f3611pilTeAbHOH KilJI.1IIilHHH'. Hil OCHOBe MeJKAYHilpOAHhIX AOK)TMeHTOB If OnbITil p33BHTllH npeACTilBlITeAbHOH Ael'lOKpcrnm B HOpMilTIIBHblX npaeOBbIX ilKTax 'K03AOBU £.11. KymUcjJUH D.E. «KOHCnnyL\HoHHoe npaBO POCCl1l1». M, 1999. C. 312. 
MHOrl1X roCYAapCTB 3aKpenAeH P.HA 06IqHx npHHQHnOB H36Hpa- TeAbHOrO npaBa, COCTaBMlIOru;1IX ero COAep.IK3HHe. T3K1JX, KaK Bce- 06ru;ee pmmoe H np.HMOe H36Hp3TeAbHOe npaso, nepHOAH'lHOCTb BbI60poB, cB060ARoe BOAeHS'b5IBAeHHe Hs6Hp3TeAeH npH T3llHOM roAOCOBd.HHH, rAaCHOCTb H OTKpbITOCTb Bb160poB, He3aBHCHl'IOCTb opraHOB, ocyrn;ecTBM!IOru;11X nONOTOBKY H npOBeAeHHe H36Hpa- TeAbHblX KaMnaHI1H, OT opraHoB rOCYAapCTBeHHoH BAaCTlJ, npeA- CTBBAeHtfe K3HAHAaT3M paBHblX B03MO)KHOCTeH AM! BeAeHHH npeABbI6opHOH arHT3QHH, COCT.H3<JTeJ\bHCCI'b npeTeHA€lfTOB. 06- JKaAOBaHHe AeHcTBHH H pellleHlllul yqaCTIlHKOB, B TaK.lKe Pe:3yJ\bT3- TOB Bbl60pOB B cYAe Bo Bce06ru;eH AeKAalxlQlI1I npas <reAOBeK3, npOB03rAallIeHHOH H npHHHTOH reHepaAbHOll AcCBN6Aeell OOH 10 AeK36pH 1948 r., rOBoplITCH: «(KaJKAbIll <reAOBeK HMeeT npaBO npliliHMaTb }"IacTIfe B ynp3BAeHHH CBoeH CTpaHOH HenOCp€ACTBeHHO HAll <repe3 nocp€A- CTBO cBoGoARo H36paHf-lbIX npeACTaBHTeAeH BOMl HapoAaAONKHa 6bITb OCHOBOll BAaCTII npamrre1'1bCI'B; 3Ta BOM! A0hJKHa HaxOAHTb ceGe BbIpaJKeHHe B nepHOAH'JeCKHX H He4JaAbCH4JI1QHpoBaHHblx BbI60pax. KOTopbIe AOAJKHbI npoBOAl'lTbCH npH Bce06ru;eM H paB- HOM H36HpaTeAbHOM npaBe. nyreM TaRHOro rOAOCOBaHHH HAll JKe nocpeACTBOM APyrtfX paBH03HB<rHbIX €!JOPM. o6ecne<rHBalOru;tfX CBo60AYroJI.OCOBaHWI" (CT. 21)5. TaKI1M 06pa30M., cOBepWeHCTBOBaHl1e H36HpaTeJl.bHOH CHCTe- MbI - OAlla H3 BKTYMhHefurrn:x 301AaQ nOAllTIf<,leCKOrO pa3BtfTHH MOI\.OAOII POCCHHCKOH Ael'lOKpanm. I-b6HpaIehbHDe npaBo HBJl.HercH KOl'mOHeHTOM H300paTeAbHOH CltcreMbI POCCHi1CKOll <Depill..\HH. nOAI11 npasoM no- IillMaeTCH COBOK)'IIHOCTb IOpHAH'leCKHX HOpM, peryAHp)'lOJ.IJ;lIX }"Iac- TlJe I"pW!<AaH B BbI6Opax, OpraHH3HlO 11 npOB€AeHHe nOCAeAHI1X, B3illIl'loarnOllElill5I MeJFA)' l136Hpdre.1'illMl1: 11 BbIGopHbIMH OpraHaMH HAllAOJl)KHJC'l'Hblh MIQaJIHI.. BTaJOKe nOPHAOK OT3bIBaHe OIIpaBAaB- IillIXAoBepHe H36HpaTeAeH Bbl60pHux np€,l\,CTilBl. TepMHH «H3611paTeJU>HOe npaBo» MOJKeT ynarpe6Nrn.cH H B APYI'0M, 6oJl.ee Y3KOM 3HB'JeHHH, a HI'IeHHO, KaK npaBo rpW!<Affim- . Bacl1M1xM.A. nOhHTOI'lOIWI. M. 2006 C 272 TaM}Ke. 
Hil yqacTBOBaTh B BhlOOpaX- MIOO B Ka'leCTBe tf30tfpalOrqero (ilK- TtfBHOe 1f30lfpaTeAhHOe npaBo), MIOO B Kd'leCTBe IfSOlfpa€MOrO (naCClfBHOe 1f30lfp<ITe'lliHoe npaBO). rpaJK,ll,dH€ PocclfikKOH (1)eAePill.llfli yqaCTB}'KJl' B BhIOOpax Ha OCHOBe BCeOOll\ero paBHoro If npHMoro 1f30lfpaTeAhHOrO npaBa nplf TdHHOM rOAOCOBaHlflf. Bceo6Uju/I1 HBMeTCJ'i TaKoe 1f30lfpaTellbHoe npaBO, IIplf KOTO- pOM Bce B3poCAhIe IpaJK,ll,dHe IfMelOT npaBO yqacTBoBaTb B BhIOO- pax. rpaJiWllillH POCClIHCKOH (1)E¥'.€pau;m.f, AOCTI1I'llII1if 18 l>.eT, Bnpa- Be 1f301fpaTh, yqaCTBOBilTh B npeAYCMOTpeHHhIX 3ilKOHOM If npoBO- Alf!\lhIX 3ilKOHHhIIlIH lIIeTQ1\,il!\lH IfHhIX 1f30llpdTeAhHhIX AeiiCI'Blf5l'll:, il TilK.JKe no AOCTII.JKeHlflf onpeA€AeHHoro B03paCTd, yCTilHDBM!IlliO- ro KOHCTIIT)'l.\lfeH POCClfHCKOH (1)eAePdl.\lflf, 4JeAepal>.bHhINlf KOH- CTHT)'LlHDHHbll'lIf 3aKOHdMH, 4JeAepilAhHblMIf 3aKOHaMIf, KOHCTH- ryQlfflMtf, YCTilBilMtf, 3aKOHilMif cy6'heKTOB POCCIfHCKOH <DeAepa- Lllftf, - OI:.ITh 1f30pilHHhIM B OpraHI:.I rOCYAapCTBeHHOH BAaCTH tf opraHI.I MeCTHoro CilMoynpaBAeHKSl. (1)eAepill1bHI.IMIf KOHCTIfT)'LlIfOHHI.IMlf 3aKOHaMIf, 3aKOHaMif Cy6'beKTOB MOryrYCTdHilBAlfBilTbC5I AOIIOAHlITehbHhIe YCAOBKSl nplf- oopereHIDI IpaJKAdHdMlf POCClfHCKOH (1)eAepdl.\lflf ilKTllBHOro 1130lf- pilT€AbHOrO npilBil, CBJ'i3ilHHhIe C nOCT05lHHI.IM HAIl npelfM)'llIeCT- BeHHhIM npoJKlfBilHlfeM rpaJKAilHlfHd Ha OnpeAeAeHHOH TepplITO- pI-WI POCCHHCKOH <DeAepill.\HIf. 3aKOHI:.1 cy6DeKToB POCCIfHCKOH <DeAeplf AOAJKHhI np€A}'Or;nplfBilTh npe,ll,OCI'aBl\eHlle aKTllBHO- ro tf30tfpilTeAbHOro npilBil Hil Bhl60pax B opraHl:J roCYAdPCTBeHHOH B1\dCTll Cy6'heKTOB PocclfikKOH <DeAePill.\lJlf If oprilHhl MecIHom Cil- MoynpdBAeHIDI BceM IpaJKAilHdM POCClfHCKOH (1)eAePdl.\lflf, nOCTO- HIlliO IfAll npelll'l}'ll.\€CI'B€HHo I1pOJKllBdlOll\l1M Hil TepplITOpllll COOT- BeTcTIJY1Oll\erO cy6'heKTil POCCIfHCKOH <DeAepaQlflf JUfOO M)'H1fl.\lf- ndAbHOrO 06pa30SaHIfJ'i. npe6blBilHtfe IpaJKAilHHHa SHe MeCTil ero nOCTOHHHoro HAll npelfM)'llIeCTBeHHoro npOJKIfBilHIfH BO BpeMH npOBeAeHWI Hil 3TOfi: TepplITOptU{ Shl60POB He MO>KeT CAY>KlITh OC- HOBilHIle'l AMI MIllJeHlfH ero npilBil Hil }"IilCTIle B Bhl60pax B opraHhI roCYAapCTBeHHofi: BAilCTlf cOOTBeTCTB}'IOLl\ero cy6'heKTa POCCllHc- KOH <DeAepilLllflf IfAll oprilHhl MecrHOro CillIloynpaB'>flIlliI. BbiOOpbI, npOBOAlfMhIe B POCCHHCKOH <De.oRpill.\Iflf, HBAHIOTCJ'i paBHb!MU. 31'003Hil'lileT, 'lTO KaJKAhlH ll30npilTehb If MeeT OAlfH ro- 10 
hOC If BCe 1f3611)'X1Te!U1 yqacrB)'lOT B Bhl60pax Hd pdBHbIX OCHOBa- HHHX. TOAbKO I1pH HdAH'lHH f.lJYX Ha3BdHHbIX 3AeMelITOB Bhl60pbI MOryT C'UITdThCH p<lBHHI'11L nepBbIH 311eMeIIT paBHOI'D 1f36HpilTeAbHOro npilSil - HiJ.AH'me y KWKAOrO H36lfpaTeMI TOAhKO oARoro roi\OCiJ. - o6eCne'mBaeTCH TeM, 'lT0 1I36lfpaTeAh He MOJKeT 6bITh BKAIO'IeH BOllee 'IeM B OAlm cnlfCOK 1l36Ifpdre1l.efi:; OH rOAocyeT M1'1HO, If AfISJ. nOA:Y'IeHH.!11f36H- pcrreAhHoro 610AAeTelUl Tpe6YeTCH npeA>JoHBAeHlfe AOKYMeHTd, YAOCTOBepHIOrn;ero lill'lHOCTb Ifs6npaTeMl, il B CllHCKe 1l30lfpaTe- hell AeAaeTCH OTMeTKa 0 BbJAd'le 1f36HpaTeAhHoro 6IOAAeTeIUl. BTOpoH 3AeMeIIT paSHOI'D 1l30lfp<r.reI\bHOro npaBa - yqacTHe B BbI60pax Hil paSHbIX OCHOBdHHHX - 05eCne'lHBdeTOI TeM., 'lTO Hif 0AllH mOlfpilTeAb He If MeeT KillUlX-lill60 npeHM}'llIecrn nep€AAPY- rllM 1f30Hp<rI"eAel'! (tiCmpHMep, OpriJ.HII3)'KJTCH paBHbIe no KOAll'le- CTBY HaCelleHiUllf361fpaTeAbHbIe oKpyra B COOTseTCTBIfH C HOPMa- MI1 npeACTaBI1TeJU:<TBCI), a 1f36HpaTellbHble npaBa Bcex pOCCHHC- KlIX IpaJKAdH B paBHOH Mepe OXpdHHIOTC.5I 3dKOHOM. BbI60pbl B POCClfHCKOH <D€AepH HBMlKJI'C.5I np.5lMhlMu. npH- Moe 1f30HpaTeAhHOe npaBo 03Ha'IaeT, 'lT0 1l30HPdTeAH rOAoc)'IOT Ha BhIDOpax 3a IfhH npOTIlB KdH,AHAdTOB (cnHcKil KdHAlfAiJ.TOB) He- nocpeAcrneHHO. npHMoe 1l36HpareAbHOe npdBO OT.r.rrqaeTCH OT HenpHMoro, KO- Topoe MO>KeT 6hITb/Jl3YX BliAOB - KOCBeHHblM H MHoroCTeneflHhlM. npH KOCBeHHOM H30HpaTeAbHOM npdBe If36IfpaTelill BhI6lfpaIOT Bhl- 60pUIIIKOB, KOTophIe B CBOIO O'lepeAh 1I36npalOT npeACTaBmeAeH HAll KaKHX-lIH60 HHhIXlillQ Cyrh MHorOCTeneHHoro H36HpiJ..TehbHO- ro npiJ.Bd COCTOHT B BbI60pax npeACTilBlITeAeH B BbillieCTOHllIHe npe,lI,CI'<lBIiTe1'IIHHe oprdHbI HIDKecTOffiI\HMH. BaJKHoe npem'l}'ll\ecTBO npHMbIX Bhl6opoB 3ilKAIO'iileTCH B TOM., IJTO Bce 1f3611paeMble opraHbI rOCYAapCTBeHHOll BAdCTH HBMIOTC.5I HenocpeACTBeHHO npeACTilBHTeAbHhlMH oprdHilMH HdpOAd. TeM caMhIM C03AileTC.5I B03MO)KHOCTb nOCTOHHHOH TeCHoll CBH3H 3THX oprilHoB C 1l301fp<rrellJll\m, nOCTOHHHoro KompOA5I HdceAeHIDI 3d HX pa50TOH. BMeCTe C TeM I\lliOrne BhlClillIe oprdHbI roCYAdpcTBd H AOAJKHOCT- Hhle IIHQd, B TOM 'lHCAe B AeMOKpdTH'lecKI1X C'IpilHax., 1l30HpalOTOI HenpHMbIMH Bhl6opaMH. TeOpeTll'leCKH npslMhIe Bhl60pbl AeMOK- II 
paTWlHee, HO HenpJlMble MOryr OKa3aTbCfl qeAeC006pa3Hee, eCAlI OHH 06eCne'lHBdlOT 60Aee npo4JecCHOHaAbHblll, B3BeWeHHbIll nOA- xOA K 3aMerqem1l0 CTOAb BbICOKllX nacroB AOAJKHOCfHbIX ./\Hq, BAlI- HlOrqHX Ha JKH3Hb CTpilHbl n031'OM}' BOnpOC 0 npHMeHeHHH TOll HAI1 HHOH CIIcreMhl Bbl60pOB - 31'0 BOnpoC qeAecoo6pa3HOCTH, CBH3ilHHbIH C KOHKpeTHblMH YCAOBHflMH CTpaHbI, C ee HCTOpHell, HaU;110HaAbHoi1 CneLll1cpHKoi1. CYlL\eCTB}'IOT ABe pa3HOBlfAHOCTH HenpflMblX BbI60pOB: KOC- BeHHbIe II MHorocreneHHbIe (IIX Ha3blBalOT IlHOrAil "UlOrocryneH- 'lilTbIMH). KOCBeHHbIe BbI6opblllMelOT {Jl3a BapHaHTa. npll nepBOM BapllilHTe Bb160pbI npOBO,ll,.llTCfI CneqHdAbHO C03,ll,<lB<J.eNOH f0513TO- ro 1I36HpilTeAbHOll KOM.erl1ell. npHNepml 3TOrO HBMleTCfI H36pa- Hlle npe3HAelITil ClllA. KorAillI36HpaTeAH rOAOC)'IOT 3a BhI60Pll\H- KOB OT TOllllAH HHOll nap-mil, a 3ilTeM YJKe BbI50pll\HKH, C06pilB- llIHCb B cToAHqax CBOIlX IlITaTOB, rOAOcylOT 3a 06'bflBAeHHoro 3apilHee KaHAl1AaTa B npe311AelITbl OT TOH HAlI HHOH napTHH. rOAO- ca BbI6opll\HKOB llITaTOB CYMMHP}'lOTCfI B BaWIffiITOHe - CI'Q./\HQe ClllA. nOA06HHi1 nOpflAOK CYlL\eCTByeT B AprelITHHe, AO 90-x ro- AOB OH npHMeHflACH C onpeAeAeHHHl\UI nonpaBKilMIl B }'HHTapHOll . KOCIJeHIIljMJf Bbl60paMH 1l36HpileTCfI celIilTBO IDpaH- QHH, rAe 3a KilHAHTOB rOAOC)'IOT: a) 'iAE!HbI HIlJKHeH nilAilTbI nap- hClMelITa., H36pilHHbIe OT AilHHoro AellapTilMeHTil - ilAMHHHCrpa- TIiIBHo-reppHTOpHdAbHOll eAHHHqbl; 6) 'lAeHbI COBeTOB - opraHoB MeCTHoro caMoynpaBAeHIDI perHoHil - mm60Aee KpynHOll ilAMH- HlICTpilTHBHO-TeppHToplilaAbHoiJ: eAHHHqbl; B) 'lAeHb] reHepaAb- HbIX COBeTOB AenapTaMeHI'()B; r) cneqHaAbHO 1I36paHHbIe MSI TaKO- ro rOAOCOBaHIliIl>fYHllqHIIilAbHbIMH COBeTaMlIlIX 'lAeHbl. KOCBeH- HblMH Bbl60paMH 1I3611paeTCfI TillOKe BepXIDIfI IIdAilTil napAilMelITa B HHAHH, npe3HAeIIT B rep:>-IaHIIII HT-A. npH BTOpOM BaplldlITe Bbl- 60pbl npOBOAII-TCfl He cneqllilAbHo C03A,ilBaeMOH H36l1paTeAbHoi1 KOllAerlJeH, a nOCTOflHHO AeHCTB}'IOll\IIM opraHoM. HaH60Aee QT- 'IeT./\HBb]fi nplilMep 3Toro - U36paHlIe npe3HAeHTOB napAaMeHTa- MH B rpeqHH, TYPI.\HH II AP}fTIIx C1paHax 7 . rOAOCoBilHlile Ha Bbl60pax B POCCIiIHCKOll IDeAeDI maul/oe. 31'003Hil'lileT, 'ITO IlCKAIO'IileTCfI B03MO.>KH0C'!'b KilKoro-./\H60 KOH- 7 MUMWWB B.B. 3apy6eJKHoe 1135IJpcrrel\btlDe npaBo. M., 2003. C. 87 12 
TpONl3a BOAeH3'MlBAeHileM (.{36I1PdTeAeH. B POCCI1HCKOH tDeAepa- qlm 06eCne<lHBaeTCH TdHHa rOAOCOBdH('{H. 136npdTeAlO npeAoc- T3BMIeTCH B03M()}KHOCl'b IICIID/\b3OB<ITb oco6yIo KOMHCHy IfIlll 33KPbl- T)'IO Ka6HHY AJI5f. 3aIIOAHemLII H36npaTeAbHOrO 6lOAAeTeIDI. B 3T11X nOMellleHlmx so BpeMH 3anOAHemm H36npaTeAbHbIX 6lOA/\eTeHefi 3anpelltaeTCH I1pncyrCI'Bne Koro 6b! TO HI1 6blAO, SKAIO'!aH (.I 'lJII:'- HOS H36Hpa:rt:'AbHOH KOI'I('{CCI1H. ElON\eTeHb OIIyCKaeTC.!I S 1136Hpa- TeAbHb!H HIllI1K /lH'JHO. Y"Jdcrne IpaJKAilllHHa PoccmicKOH <DeAePaI..\HH B Bb160Pax .!IB- MleTCH cBo6ogHhlM H g06fXJBOlIJiliHM. HI1KTO He BnpaBe B03Aeif- CTBOBiITb Ha IpaJKAilllHHa.. 'ITOObl npHH)'AHTb ero K }"IaCTHIO IfIlll He}"laCTHIO B BblOOpax, a TaIOKe Ha ero CB060AHoe BOAeH3'h\1SAe- HHe. CBOOOAHOe BOAeH3'h\1BAeHHe H30l1paTeAeH BO Bpel'lH Bbl50- pOB 06ecne'msaeTD1 H Tel'l, 'ITO nposep.eHlle dfllTaql1lJ B AeHb BbI- 50POB He AOIIyCKa€TCH. rpa:>KAaHHH PoccHiicKOH tDeAepaQHl1, npO:>KHSaIOI.l\HH 3a ee npeAef\ill''llI, 06A8AaeT BceH nOAHOTOH H36j.{paTeAbHbIX npaB. /'vIn- AOMaTIf'leCKHe H KOHcyAbCKHe Y'lPe:>KAeHlliI POCClfHCKOH <DeAepa- qj.{H 06HsaHbi OKa3b1BdTb cOAeHcTBHe rpa.>KAaHHH)' POCCHHCKOH <1>eAepaQIfH B peaAHsaQj.{j.{ H36HpaTeAbHbIX npaB, ycrnHOBI'IeHHbIX 3aKOHOl'1 BbI60pbI opraHoB rocYAapcmeHHoH BI\ilCTH, oprdHoB l'IeCTHoro caMoynpaSJl.eHI1H HJl.H Ael1YTaTos, npeAycMoTpeHHble COOTBeT- CTB}'lOM 3aKOHOI'I, HBNlIOTCH 06.H3dTeJl.bHbIMH H npOBOMlTC.H B CPOKH, YCTaHOSAeHHble KOHCTH"i)'W"leti POCCI1HCKOn tDeAepaL\HH, CPeAepaAbHblMH 3ilKOHaMH, KOHCTHT}'I.\lliIMH, YCTaBdMlJ, 3dKOHaMH Cy6'beKTOB tDeAepau;HH, YCTaBdl'lH I'JYHHqHIIaAbHbIX 06pasoBdHHn. BbI60pbI oprdHoB IfIlll AenyraTOB Ha3Ha'laeT ynOAHOMo"JeHHbIn Ha TO opraH IfIlll A0A.JKHOCTHOe Alfl\O B ()()()TB£"J'C' co CpOKaMH.. yc- TaHOBAeHHblI'1H 3aKOH0I'1. B03HHKalOlltl1e B XOAe H30HpaTeAbHOrO npOLlecca npOOJl.eMbl 06ecne'leHHH KOHCTWT)'LIHOHHb!X npas rpa>KAaH POCCj.{j.{cl(on tDe- AepaQlIH H3611paTh H 6bITb H36paHl1bIl'lH B opraHbl roCYAdPCTBeH- Hon BAaCTH (.{ MeCTHoro Cdl'loynpaBAeIHUI He06xoAl:!MO pernaTb 06- lltHMH YCIIAilllMH H36HpaTeAbHblX KOMHCCHH, SaKOHOMTeAbHblX (npewrasHTeAbHbIX) H ItcnOAHJITeAbHbIX opraHoB rocYAapCTBeH- Hon BAaCTH., CYfJPB, npdBOOxp<J.HllTeAbHbIXOpraHoB HAPyrl1X 3a.HH- 13 
TepeCOBilHHblX oprilHOB, il TilKJKe yCI1J\.I1.HMI1 npaB03illlll1THblX OprilH113ill.\I1H 11 CaMliX rpilJKAaH n03TOM}' BilJKHO, 'lT06bI BCe cy6'beKTbI lf36lfpaTeAbHOrO npoqeccil He HilpymilJl.l1 3dKOHOAil- TeAbCTBa., pyKOBOACfBOBilJ\.HCb KOH{.TIITYfeH POCClfHCKOH <DeAe- pill.\lll1lf 3ilKOHilMlf, il He CIllO!>IHH)'fHbI"llf I1HTepecaMH H nOJ\HTlf- 'leCKlfMlf ilM6I1qH.HMI1I1 'lT06b11136HpdTeMf C03HilBilJ\.H BaJKHOCTh CBOI1X H36HpareAbHbIX npaB If CBOK> OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a cHTya- ql1K> B crpaHe 8 . POCCHj.{CKHj.{ 3ilKOHOAilTeAb HCXOAHT 113 npi10pi1TeTil o6ecne'1e- HID! peaAbHOH B03MO.>KHOCTH yqacrlf.H B rohOCOBilHHI1 Bcex H3611- paTeAej.{, B TOM '1HCAe -rex. Koropble no KaKHM-J\.H60 npl1'1I1HilM He CMOryr peilJ\.H30BilTb CBoe aKTIfBHoe 1136lfpcrreru:.Hoe npaBO B AeHb rOhOCOBilHIffi B nOMern;eHHH f:05I rOAOCOBilIillH. B CB.H311 C 3Tlf'" npeAYC"'OTpeHbI npaBOBbIe n oprilHH3ilqlfOHHble MeXilHH3MbI AOC- pO'fHOro rOhOCOBaHID! H roJ\OCOBaHHSI BHe nO!>leLQeHIDIf'"MI rOAOCO- BaHIrn. ADqX)'lHoe rOAOCOBaHHe pil3peIIJaeTCH Hil OCHOBdHlfH 3ill1BAe- HH.II H36HpaTeA\! B COOTBeTCTayK>myK> 1136HpilTeAbHYK> KOMHC- CHID, B KOTOpOM }'Kil3bIBdeTC.II npH'fI1HilAOCPO'fHOro rohOCOBilHllil. KOMHCClUI BnpaBe npOBeplfTb Hil3BdHH)'lO nplf'fHH)' H B CA}"Iile, eCAH OHil He nOATBeJ>AlITCSl, 06.11SaHil OTKa3ilTb B BbJ,Ail'1e 61Ol'1AeTe- H.II AA5f. AOCpO'fHOrO rOhOCOBdHID!. YKd3ilHHOe 3ill1BAeHHe npHo6- ll\ileTC.II KOMlfcmeH K cnl1cKY AOCpo'fHO nporoAocoBdBllIlfX 1136H- paTeAeH. nplf Aocpo'fHOM I'OlIOCOBaHlflf AJ>5I o6ecne'femrn TaHHbI roAOCO- BilHID! npeAycMOTpeHo llCn0Ab30BilHHe KOHBepTOB. 3dnOAHeHHblll nporohOCOBaBlllHM AOCpO'fHO 1136lfpil-reheM 6K>J\AeTeHb BKAaAbIBd- eTCH CaMl1M 1136I1paTeAeM B KOHBepT, KOTOpblll 3aKAeHBileTC.H Ha MeCTe CKAeHKH Hil KOHBepTe craB.HTC.H nOAIIHCHABYX 'lheHOB H36H- paTeAbHOH KOMI1CCHll C npaBOM pemaK>llIero rOAoca, B KOTOPOH npOXOAlIT AOCpO'1Hoe rOAOCOBilHHe, a TaKJKe, no I1X JKeAilHI1K> - '1l1eHOS KO!>IHcnIH C npaBOM COBel.l..\ilTeAbHOrO rOlloca, Hil611K>Aa- TeJl.eH. nOAflHCH 3aBepHlOTCH ne'IilTblO KOl'IHCCHlf, a TilKJKe nOA- nl1CbID CWloro AOCpO"lHO nporoAocoBilBwero H:ronpareNi. 3ilne- 8 Xowvgopoeu.lt II Bo rAilBe yrlld - 3aKOII.. il He I10llHTWleeKlle aM6H- I.\Hll. hUp:llegov-buryillia ru 14 
'IilTilHHblH KOHBepT C 610MeTemlMH XpaHHTCH y CeKpeTap.ll COOT- BeTCTByIOrn;eH KOMllCCllH: a IIO"lern;eHllH TI1K, OHK, HKMO - AD MOMeHTa nepa'IH acex 6roI'vIeTeHeif B YI1K, a IJONeI..ljeHHlI YI1K- AO AH.II rOhOCOBaHiffi. B cnHCKe H36HpilTeAeH HilnpOTHB 4JaMW!.liH ll36HpaTeAeH, nporOAOCOBaBllIHX AOepO'lHO, AeJl.aeTc.II OTMeTKa: «nporohoeOBaA AOCpO'IHo». B AeHb rOAOCOBaHHSI B yCTaHoBAeHHoM 3aKOHOM no- PMKe KOHBepTbI C 6IOMeTemIMHAOqJO'lH0 nporOhoeoBaellIHx 1{3- 61{paTeheH BCKpbIBaIOTcH, I{ nx rOAoca }"lnTwBaIOTC.II npn YCTa- HOBAeHHI{ lITOroB rOhOeoBaJUUI. CT. 66 (])eAepaAbHOrO 3aKOHa ((06 OCHOBHbIX rapaRTH.IIX 1l3- 6npaTehbHbIX npaB If npaea Ha }"lacTHe a pe4>epeHAyMe IpaJKAaR PoccIfiI:CImH (])epH» onpeJ\.IIeT nop.llgoK ra1OCOBUHUfl u36u- PQmeAeii EHe nOMeeHUfl gAJI I'OAOCOBQHUR. TaKillI B03MO)KlIOCTb npeAY(J\lurpeHa f¥I5I 05eCIIe<l:eHlffi npaB 1f36HpaTeJl.eH, KOTopwe no }'Ba.:>KI1TeAbHbIM IIpH'II1HaM (K KOTOpblM 3aKOH OTHOCHT COCTO.llHne 3ACpOBb.ll, IfHBMHAHOCTb) He MOryr ..IIBHTbC.II B AeHb roAocoBaHlliI a nOMelL!eHHe f¥I5I ro/lOCOBaHiUl YI1K TillOKe 05eClIe t IHBaeT B03MO)K- HOCTh }"IilCTIDI B rohocOBaHl11f 11361ipffi'eJ\5ll11, KOTopb!e BHeceHbI a ClIHeOK If36IfpaTeroeii Hil AaHH0M H3511paTeAbHOM }"IC.CTKe 11 HilXO- MITC.II B MeCTax COAep.>KalIlliI nOA C'Ipa.:>KeH nOA03peBaelvlb!X H 06BlI- H.IIeMbIX. rOAOCOIJ<lHlfe BHe rroMelL!eHIl.II AJ>5I rohocOBaHIl.II npOBOAHTC.II a AeHb rOAOCOBaHH.II TOhbKO Iffi OCHOBaHHH nHebl'>leHHOI"O 3ill1BAeHiffi IfJIIf YCTHOro 06palL!eHIl.II (B TOM 'IlfCAe nepeAaHHoro npH COAeHCT- BI1If AP}IT11X lIJIQ) H36HpaTeMi ° IIpeAOCTaBheHHH eM}' IJQ3MOJKHOC- TH nporOAOCOBilTb TilKIfM 06Pil30M C YKil3ilHI1eM npl1'IIfHbI, 1I0 KOTOpoH 1f3fuIpdI'eAb He MO)KeT npH6bITh B nOMelL!eHHe f¥I5I rOAO- COBaHHH TaKlle 3ill1BheHIl.II (YCTHble 06paIQeHH.II) MOryT 6bITh no- AaHbl B YHK He n03AHee 'IeM 3a 'IeThlpe 'Iaea AO OKOH'lilllIl.ll ape- MeHH I"OhOCOBaHlffi (T.e., KaK npaBIfJIO, He rr03AHee 16.00). YHK 06H3aRil perHCTplfpOBaTb Bee n0Ad-HHbIe 3ill1BheHHH If All YCTHbIe 06parn;eHml B cneqnMbHOM peeCTpe, KOTOpblH no OKOH'ffiHI1I1 ro- AOeOBilHH.II XpaHHTC..II BMeCTe co cnlfCKOM 1f36I1pcrrel. npl13TOM :'IaKOH -rpe6yeT, 'IT06bI IIpIf pe:rnCTpaQHIf YCTHoro 06parn;eHIfH a peeC'lpe }'Ka3b!BilhMCb BpeM5I nOC'I)'IlheHHH AaHHoro 06pilrn;eHIl.II, .paMIlhHH, IfMH, OT'leCTBO 06paTHBllIerOCH 1l36lfpaTeA.II, ilAPec ero 15 
MeCTa .>KHTeJ\..bcrna, d TaKIKe npOCTaBMlJ\aCb nOAnHCb npHlUlBlIIero 06pall\eHH€ 'lheHa lJ30HpaTeAbHOii KOMHCCHH. EChH OOpaI.l\eHll€ nepeMHO npll COM'HCI'BHll AP}'I'oro lliILj3, B peecTpe TalOKe }'K33bI- BaKJrCH .paMIiAH.II, HM5I, OT'lecrBo H <JAP€C M€cra JKllTehbCTBa 3TO- ro AHqa. CheAYeT HMeTb B BHAY, 'ITO BAlO60M chyqae no npllObITHH 'lA€'- HOB H36HpaTehbHoii KOMI1CCI1I1 K 06paTHBWel'lycH ycrHO 113011pa- TehlO ero 06pal1\eHtfe AOhiKHO Ob!Tb nOATBeplKAeHO tfM nyreM COCTaBAeHlUI nHCbMeHHoro SillIBAeHlliI (KilK npaBHhO, 'lAeHbI YI1K npHe3.>KaIOT K H36HpaTeJ\lO C THnOBoii .pOpMOH TaKoro 3351BheHlfSl.., KOTOpYID H36HpaTeAlO HY.JKHO npOCTO 3anOllliHTb H pacnHcaTbCH) tDeAep3AbHblH 3dKOH N! 61-<D3 (,06 OCHOBHbIX rapaHTl1.\!x 113- 6Hp3TeAbHNX npas H npaBa Ha }"Iaeme B peepeHAYMe IpaJKA3H PoccHiicKOi1 <Dep3l.\lJl1» npOS03rAalIIae-r, 'ITO opraHH3aU;lJH rOhO- COBaHlliI BHe nOMel1\eHHH AMI rOhOCOBaHHH AONKHa tfCKhlO'IaTb B03MOIKHOCTb HapyweHHH H36HpaTehbHbix npaB tf36HpaTeASl, a TdlOKe B03MOiKHOCTb tfCKaJKeHtfH BOheH3-w1BheHHH H30HpaTeASI TaKO€ rOhOCOBdHHe npoBOAIITCH C c06IUOAeHH€M Tpe60BdHHii 3d- KOHa K rOhOCOBdHHlO B nOMell\eHHH AMI rOhOCOBaHHH. np€ACeAdTehb YHK 06HSdH 06'bHBllTb 0 TOM, 'ITO <{heHb! KO- MHCCI1H 6yAYT IIpOBOAHTI> rOhOCOBdHHe BHe nOMellleHHH AMI roi\O- COBdHlliI, He nOWIee <{eM 3a 30 MHH)'T AO npeAcToHlllero Bble3A3 (BbIXoAa) AAS! npoBeA,eHHH TaKoro rOAOCOBaHlliI. 3THM nOAOiKeHlI- eM 06eCne'ltfBalOTCSI B TOM <,[HCAe npasa H361UQAa".I'e11f'U, KOTopbIe MOI}"f tf3D5lBHTb >KeAaHHe IIpHcyrCTBOBaTb IIptf npOB€AeHtfH "BbI- eWIoro» rohOCOBdHlliI npH npOBe,lI,eHHH rohOCOBdHlliI BHe nOMell\eHIDI AMI rohocoBa- Hill! HcrrOhb3}'HITCH Orre'laTdHHbIe B ycrnHOBI\eHHOIII nOPHAKe rrepe- HOCHbIe HLqHKH AAS! rohOCOBdHill!, KOhH'lecmo KOTOpbIX Hd yqaCTKe onpeAeASIeTCH pelIIeHl1eM YI1K (KaK npaBl1!Io, 1-2 Slll\I1Ka). rOi\OCOBdHl1e BHe nOMell\eHHH AMI rOAOCOBdHlliI npOBo,HT He MeHee ABYX <tAeHOB YI1K C npaBoM peW31Oll\ero rOAOca. npl1 ce6e OHH AOJVKHbI HMeTb nepeHocHoii SIll\HK AMI roAOCOBdHl1.\!, Heo6xo- AHMoe KOhH'leCTBO OIOMeTeHefi: YCTdHOBAeHHOH .pOPMb!, peeC'rp 06PdTIrnllillXC5I C npocb6oH 0 "BbIe3AHOM» I"OAOCOBdIDIH H30lJpdTe- heH AHOO 3dBepeHH)'IO BbInHcKY H3 Hero, d TdlOKe He06xo,HMble nHCbMeHHbIe npHHCMeJKHOCTH (3d HCKAlQ'IeHHeM KdpdHAaWeH) 16 
AAf/. 3anOAHeHIUI 1136lfpaTeAeM 6IOMeTeHf/.. YKa3ilHHbIe 'lAeHhI YI1K nOAyqillOT B Heo6xoAlfMOM KOAll'leCTBe 610MeTeHif II pdcnn- CHBaIaIOI B IfX nOAyqemUf. no OKOHqdHHII rOAOCOBdHlfH C IIcnOAb30BilHlleM Kd*Aoro nepeHOCHoro Hll\HKd N\5I Mi\OCOBdHlliI YI1K COCTdBMIeT ilKT, B KO- mpo,,", YKa3bIBd1OTC.!I KOAH'leCTBO 6IOMeTeHet:i, Bb!A3HHblX llAeHilM KOMHCCIIH, npOBOAHBWI1M "Bhle3AHOe» rOi\OCOBaHI1e, KOAH'IeCTBO COOTBeTCTBYJOll\I1X nliCbMeHHblX 3ilf/.BAeHirn H36HpaTeAet:i, KOMl- qeCTBO BbJ,lI,illIHbIX If3fuIpdI'eJUlM If B03Bpall\eHHbIX (T.e. HeHCnOAb- 30BilHHbIX llMJ IICIIop'leHHbIX 1136HpaTeMlMH) 6101\.He:rI, d TaIOKe CBe,tI,eHIliI 0 'llIeHaX YHI<, npoBOAHBIIillX IOJ\OCOBaHJfe BHe nOMell\e- HHf/. N\5I rOAOCOBilmm, 'iAenax YHKc npdBOM COBeLqirI"eAbHoro M- AOCil If Ha6JuoA<rreAmc, npIlCyrcI'BOBilBllIlfX nplf npOBeAeHHlf TdKO- ro rOAOCOBdHHff. 10f1 npOBeAeHlffl BbI6opOB u6pd3YJOTCH OAHOMdHAdTHbIe II (11AJ1) MHOrOMdHAdTHble JJ36HpaTeAbHble oKpyra 1IJ160 OnpeAeMeT- Cf/. eAlfHblH 1f36HpdTeAbHhlll OKpyr. l'h6upaTeAbHbrn: OKpyr- 3TOTepplITOpllil, 06pB3yeMillI B YCTd- HOBAeHHOM SdKOHOAaTeAbCTBOM nopflAKe N\5I npOBeAeHlff/. Bhl60- pOB, OT KOTOpOH HellOCpeACTBeHHO Ipa.JKAdHdMII pC]> 1136JJpaJOTCf/. AerryrdTbI 11 BbIDopl1ble A0A)I(HOCTHble AJ1l(d. J.136lfpaTeAbHble OKPy- rd AeMITOI Hd 0AllO- II MHOf'OMdlJAdTHble. flepBbIe COCTdBMIIOT -rep- plfTOpl1l1, OT KOTOpl:l'l: 1f36HpaeTC.!I OAHH AerryraT, BTOpbJe -TePP"- TOP"lf, OT KOTOpbIX 1136lfPdeTCf/. M3d H 60Aee AerryrilTOB. J.136n:pcrreJ\HICUI KOMt-ICCIDI, opraHlf3yroll\d.!l Bbl6opbl, He I103A- Hee qeM sa 80AHeHAO IICTeqeHlff/. CpOKd, B KOTOpbJllAQA)KHbJ 6bITb Hd3HilqeHbl Bbl6opbl, onpe.ll,elllieT cxeM}' 0AHOMdH,ll,dTHbIX II (HIlli) MHoroM<HJ;.'I,aTHbJX lls61ipffi'eJ\bHb1X OKpyroB, B KOTOpOll 0603Hil'le- HbJ IfX rpdHlfl(bI, onpeAeAeH nepe<leHb dA/>IIfHlfCTp<ITIfBHO-TepPlf- TOpl1W\bHblX eAllHl1l(, HhI1 M)'Hlfl(lll1aAbHbIX 06pd30BdHIUI, I1J\lf Hil- ceAeHHbIX n)'HKTOB, BXOA.IIll\HX B KaJKAblllll3611pdTeAbHbill OKpyr (eCAIi H36lfpaTeAbHblll OKpyr BKI\.lO'IileT B ce6.!1 'lilCTb TeppJJTOpt-lli iJAMlfHlfcrpaTlIBHO-TepplnoplfaAbHOii e,lI,I1HlfLlbl, RAn M}'HIIQllndAb- Horo 06pa30BaHJJfI, lIAt-I HilCeJ\eHHoro n}'HKTa, B cxeMe AONKHhI 6bITb 0603HaqeHbI rpaHlfLIbI AdHHOH 'ldCTII TepplITOpIDf <JAMlfHllCT- pilTlfBHO-TeppIITOpIfilAbHOH €JI.lfHHLlbI, HIlli M)'HlfLlHnilAbHOrO 06- pil30BdHHfI, HIlli HaceAeHHoro nyHKTd), }'Kd3dHbI HOMep Ka.JKAoro 17 
tf36tfpaTeAbHOrO oKpyra, MeCTO HaXO>Kl\eHtfSl KaJKAOH oKp}'JKHoii 1I300paTehbHOH KOMIICCIIII IlhII 1I36I1p<rreAbHOH KOMIICCl1ll, Hil KO- TOpYID B03AO)!(eHbI nOAHOl>IO'II1S1 OKp}l)KHOH ll3611paTeAbHOH KO- MllCClllI, 'lllCAO 1I36up<rreAeJf B Ka>Kl\0M 1136llpaTehbHOM OKpyre COQTBE'TCTB}'lOI.lJ,I1H 33KOH0A3TeAbHblll (llJX'.ACfc1BlITeAbHbIi1) OpraH rOCYAaPCTBeHHOH BAaCTll, npeACTaBllTeAbHbIH opraH M}'Htfqll- nMbHOrO oGpa30BaHIIH yrBep)!(,A3eT cxeM}' 113611paTeAbHbIX OKPY- rOB He II03AHee 'leM 3a 20 AHeH AO tfCTe'leHHSI cpoKa, B KOTOpbIi1 AOhJKHbl6bITb Hil3Hil'leHbI BbI60pbI, npll3TOM }'KCl3aHHwll opraHAo yrnep)!(J>.eHI1H cxeMbI tf3611paTeAbHblx OKpyrOB BnpaBe BHOCIITb nOnpaBKI1 B npeA,CTaBAeHH)'lO cxeMY"'. nplI npOBeAeHlII1 BbI6opOB 1I3611paTeAbHbIe oKpyra AOA.JKHbI 06pa30BbIBdTI£H C c06AlOAeHtfeM CA€,lI,)'1OLqIIX TJ)e60BaHlli1: a) npllMepHoe po1BeHcTBo 1I36llpaTeAbHb!X OKpyrOB no 'lllCAY 1136l1paTeAei1 C AonYCTllMblM OTKAOHeHlleM OT CpeAlieH HOpMbI npeACTaBHTeAbCTBa 1I361IpaT€Aeu He 60Aee 10%, a B TpYAHOAocTYnHblx H OTAaAeHHblX MecTHocrSiX - He 60Aee 15%. 31'0 Tpe60BaHHe He npHMeHSIeTCH nplI npOBeAeHtflI BbI6opOB B 4JeAepaAbHbIe roCYAapCTBeHHble opraHbI B CAY- <lae, eCAII 4JeAepMbHbiM 3aKOHOM ycraHilBAlIBaeTCH OOH- 3aHHOCTb oGpa30BaHllH He MeHee 0ARoro 1I36llpaTeAbHoro oKpyra Hil TepplITOplllI KaJKAoro cy1h,eKTa P<!>; 5} npll 06p330BaHlltf ll300paTehbHoro oKpyra Hil TepplITOpllll KOMIIaKTHOrO npOJKIIBillIllH KopeHHblx MilAO'iHCI'I.eHHblX Ha- pOAOB AonycnlMoe OTKJ\OHeHl1e OT cpeAReH HOpMbI np€A- CTIlBlITeAbC"I'Bil B C(X)TBeTCTBlll1 C 3aKOHilMll Cy1h,eKTOB pC]> MO>Kt:'T npeBblwaTb }'Ka3dHHhIP npeAeAbl, HO AOA.JKHO 6l:JTb He 60Aee 30"'..; B) 11351IpaTeAbHbIH OKpyr COCTaBA.SleT eAllH}'lO Teppl1TOplIlO: He AonYCKaeTCSI C03ABHIIe 1I36tfpaTeAbHoro oKpyra 113 He rpaHll'lall\llX Me)l(Ay c060i1 TeppllTOpl1H, 3a IICKAIO'ieHlleM cAyq:aeB, ycraHOBAeHHbIX <}:JeAepaAbHLlMH 3aKoHaMH, 3aKO- lDeAepaAhl1llii :<aKOH ur 12 06.2002 N67-<D3 «{)6 OCHOBHblX rapaHTH.IIX 1135lJpaTeAI,HbDc:npa.BI1IIpaB<1ffi1.Y'ldcrneBPoa;llHc- Koii<DeA,epdI.\IDI» IIcnc «KOHCYl\bTdHTIL\JOC" IH 
HaMH cy6'heKTOB pC]> npH C05NOAeHHH }'Ka3aHHh£X Tpe50- Balm" yqlITblBaeTCH aAMHHHCTpaTIfBHO-TeppHTOpIfaAbHOe AeAeHHe 06pa30BaHHe 1f36Hp<r.re1U>HlolX OKpyrOB - 31'0 cyrn;eCTBeHHilli CTiI,lI,HH JI36HpaTeAbHoro npoqecca, a He npocTO C03AaHHe TeppH- TOpIldAbHb!X eAHHHq, l1MelOIqHX opraHH3aqHoHHo-TeXHH'ieCKOe 3Ha'ieHHe. 
rI1aBa 2 nOHHH'IE 113611PATEIlbHOii'l CI1CTEMbl 1136l1paTeJ\bHaH CIiCTeMa - HBAeflHe 'Jpe3BbI'iaHHO CAO)KHOe" AI1HaMII'IHoe. Ee KOHKpeTHoe COAep)KaHIIe pa3hlI'JHO B KaJKAoii C1paHe, II B paI\max OAHOll CTpaHbl OHO co BpeMeHeM I10A BhlIflHI1- eM MHOI'O'JI1CAeHHblX o6c:roHTeh1.c:r 113MeHfleTCfI. OOIDITl1e <C1136I1paTeAbHillJ: CI1CTeMdl> ClIe,lI,)'eTpacCMaTpHBdTb B /Jl3YX 3lffi'JeHI1f1X. J.136I1paTeAbHaJI: CI1CTe!>1d B 11ll1POKOM CMbiChe- ::iTO ynopflAO'JeHHble 06rn;eCTBeHHble OTHOllieHIUl, CBfl3dHHb!e C Bbl60pal'Ui oprdHOB ny6JU1'JHOH BAaCTH, COCTaBlUUOll\l1e nopfiAOK BhI60POB. B CBoell OCHOBe::ITa CI1CTeMa pery/llIpyeTCfI KaK KOHCTI1- T)'ltI10HHbIM I1paBOM, TaR 11 HenpaBOBblMH HOpMaMH - Kopnopa- TIIBHbIMII HOp!>1aMI1 061l\eCTBeHHbIX 06'b€AI1HeHIIH, }"IBCTByKJrn;HX B Bbl60pax (YCTaBbl H Jl.PYI"lle AOK)'MeHTbI I10hlITH'ieCKHX napTl1H), 06bI'1asIMII II Tp8Al1ltl1f1MI1, HOpMdMlI I1OAHTI1'1eCKOll MOpaJill, 3'1"11- KI1I1 T A. J.136IIpaTehbHilll CI1CTeMd peryAlIpyeTCfI IIpaBOBloDII:! HOp- MaMI1, KOTopbIe B COBOKyIIHOCTlJ 06pa3yKJT H36IIpa:reAbHDe npaBo. 1136l1paTeJ\bHaJI: CI1CTeMd B y3KOM CMbICAe - 3TO CI1CTe!>ld paC- npeAeAeHI1H MeCT B BbI60PBf:,IX opraHaX nOCAe YCTdHOBheHHH pe- 3YAbTaTOB rOAOCOBaHI1f1'o. HaH60Aee pacnpoC'rpaHeHHble II36IIpa- TehbHble UICTeMbI - !>ICIJKOpI1TapHa.!l" npOIIopIJ;HOHaAhHaH, a TaK- JKe lIX KOM6I1Hal..1"I. MaJKOpl1TdpHbIe H3611paTehbHbIe CIICTeMbl, KOTopble AMI OII- P€AeAeHI1f1 pe3YJ\bTdTOB rOAOCOBdHI1f1 npl1MeHfllOT IIpl1HIJ;lIn 6oAb- 1lII1HCTBa, I10APa3AeJ\5IlOT Hd TpI1 Tl1na: a6CONOTHoro, OTHOCHTehb- HOro " KBaJillqJIu.\"pOBaHHoro 60hbWI1HCTBa. Ma)KOpl1TapHa.!l CH- CTeMa (OT qJp. majoritee - 60AbllJI1HCTBOj - CTdpeHllJdfl II3 10 J.h6HpaTel'lbHOe npaBo H H36lJpdTel'lbHble CHCTeMbI http://www. aUQltoIIum.ru 7JJ 
Bcex cy:w;eCTB}'1Ox lI36l1paTelu,lllilX ClICTeM. CorJ\aCHO AaHHOH CHCTeMe BbI60PC)B 1I36paHHbIMH C'lwrdlOTCH KaH,ll,HAaThI, nOA}"IlIB- 111l1:e 60Ab!lIHHCTBO roAOCOB no lI361IpaTeAbHO]l.I)' OKPyry, fAe OHH 6dAhOTllpyIOTCH Md)l(OpHTapHble lI36lIpaTeAbHbie ClICTeMb! AeHCTByKJT npe- l:IMyllteCTBeHHO B 0Al10MaHAaTHbiX lI36"pdTeAbHbIX oKpyrax, HO B03MO)l(lIO lIX nplIl'leHeHHe H B MHOrOMatlAdTHblX oKpyrax, TOrAa rOAOCOBaIme liAeT no napTwi1HblM cnHCKaM B qeAOM. TeppUTopHH rOCYAaPCTBd H.II.U IIpeACTi!BHTe.ll.bHOrO OpraHi! pi!36uBaeTCH Hi! TeppUTopUaJ\.bHbIe eAHHHqId, OT KaJKAOH lIs6H- pileTCSI 'liIIqe OAUH, HO nopoH ABa AenYTilTi! H 6o.ll.ee. Ka*AblH KaHAHAaT BbiABurileTCH U u36HpaeTCH B .ll.H"HOM Kil..eCTBe, XOTH IIPH 3TOM MO)KeT 6bITb 0603Hil'lleHO, KdKYlO IIilPTHIO, p,BH)KeHHe OH npeACTilBJI.JIeT. 3aKOHoAaTeAbCTBo KUHKPeTHUI"f.) rOCYAClpCTBa unp\:'A\:'NlI:'T, B 3ilBHCHMOCTW OT BHAa Bb!60poo (npe3IiAeHTCKH€, napAaM€HTCKHe HAH MeCTHble), KaKoe lIMeHHO 6oAb!lIHHCTBO rOAOCOB He06xoAHMO Ha6paTb - OTHOCHTeAbHOe lJAH a6COAlOTHO€. B COOTBeTCTBlIH C 3THM pd.3MNalOT MaJKOpwrdpH}'lO cHcTeMY OTHOClITeAbHOrO 6oAb- llIHHCTBd H Ma)KOplITdpll)TlO CHCTeMY aocOJUaIHoro 60AblllHHCTBd OplIM€lillTeAbHO K NYH"qIlllMbHbIM Bbl60paM B P<D Nil)K0P"- TapHdH lI36lIpaTe.ll.bHdH CHCTeliJ., AO nplIlffiTHH <D3 NQ 131 «06 06111HX npHHl.\lInaX opraliH3al.\lfH M€CTHOTO caMoynpaBAemul B POCCl-liIcKoii: <DeAepal.\lflI», lICnOAb3QBMaCb lid BbI60pax AOAJKHO- CTHOTO Awqa - TAaBbi M)'Hl:IQIU1MbHoro 06p33oBaHIDI, lIHOTO BbI- 6opHoro AOl1JKHOCTHOrO J\Hqd MeCTHoro cdMoynpdBAeHlISI, HaAe- .ll.eHHOrO c06cTBeHHblMH nOAHOMO'lHHMlI no pellIeHHIO BonpocoB MeCTHoro SHd'leHlIH. Mil)KOplITdpHaH lIs6lIpdTeAblldH ClICTeMd TaK)Ke MOJKeT HCnOAb30BdTbCSI Hd Bbl60pax 'IIAeHOB Bbl60pHoro opraHd - AenyraTOB npeACTaBHTeAbHoro opralid MYHHqlJnMb- Horo 06pa30BaHHH, 'I.II.eHOB IIHoro Bbl60pHoro opraHd MeCTHoro caMoynpaBAeHlISI. C nplIHHTHeM HOBorQ c})€AepaAbHOrO 3dKOHOAdTeAbCTBd 3Td npaKTIIKa H3MeHW\.acb. TaK, B M}'HlIQllllaAbHOM 05pa30BdHH" r. PH- 3dHb BhI60pbl AenyraToB npe,ll,CTaBHTeh.bHOrO opraHa., paHee npo- BOAHMble lid OCHOBe Md)KOpiITapHOH CHCTeMb!, C MdpTa 2008 r. npo- BOAHTCH no CMellliJ.HHOll ClICTeMe. " 
OpH npOBeAeHHH Bbl6opOB Aen}'TilTOB npeACTilBHTeAbHOrO OpraHa r. Pfl3C1HH 50% Aen}'TaTcKHx MaHAilTOB (20 Aen}'TClToB npeACTilBHTeAbHOrO oprClHa) pilCnpeAeA51eTCH Me./KAY cnHCKilMH KaHATOB, BbIABHH}'TblMH nOJUlTH'leCKHl'>IH napTHHl'>IH, perHo- HaAbHblMH DTAeAeHHHMH nOAHTH'leCKHX napTHH, HMelOLqHMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3ilKOHOAilTeAbCTBOM POCCHHCKOH l1>eAepaQHH npaBO npHHHMilTb yqaCTHe B Bbl60PilX, B TOM 'lHCAe BbIABHraTb KilHAHAilTOB npOnOPQHOHaAbHO 'lHCAY rOAOCOB H36HpilTeAeH, no- lIyqeHHblX KaJKAblM H3 Clli1CKOB KilHAHAilTOB no e,lI,HHOMY 1136HPil- TeAbHOMY OKpyry. 00 OAHOMaHAilTHblM H>jOnpcrIeM>HblM OKpyrilM (OAliH OKpyr- 0AliH AerryraT), 06pa3yeMblM Hil OCHOBe cpe,tI,Heii: HOpMbl npe,ll,CTil- mrreJ\bCl"BO 1130"paTeAefi Hil OAHOJl,\ilHA3THbli{ H36HpdTeAbHblH OK- pyr, H36"pdIOTC5I OCTaAbHble50%AerryrilTCKI1X MilHM'1'OB, T.e. 20Ae- nyrilToB npeACTilB(.{Te/l.bHOrO OpraHil. CpeAWIH HOP"ICI npe,ll,CTilSlI- TeAbCTBil H36llpilTeAeH Hil 0AHOMilHAilTHbli{ H36HPilTeAbHbli{ OKpyr YCTilHC'lBAl-iSC'leTCSI n}'TeN AelleHWI o61l.\ero 'UJCAC'I H30l-ipaTeAei{, npmKI1BilIOlL\11X Hil TeppwropHlI r. P.II3aHH H 3aperHC1p"pOBaHHb1X B f. PH3aHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3C1KOHOAaTeAbCTBON POCC"HCKOi{ l1>eAepCllJ,lI". Ha o6lL\ee 'lHCAO (20) OAHONaHAilTHblX II36"PilTeAb- Hb[x OKpyrOB Il . (OonpaBKH B YCTilB BHeceHbl pellleHHeM P.II3C1HC- Koro ropOACKOro CoseTil OT 04.09.2007 Ng654-I1I) CaMblH pacnpocTpaHeHHblH BHA Mil.JKOpHTapHoH CI1CTeJl,lbl- 3'1'0 MroKOpUraplJil51 ClICTeMd OTHOCIrreAhHOCO 6oAbwi1HCTBil. B "KAac- Clf'leCKOMn BJJAe ee np"MeHHlOT 43 crpilHbl (KilK npilBlli\O, ilHrAO- fl3bl'lHble, B TOM <{HCAe CiliA II BeAHKo6pHTilHH.II}. J.136paHHb1N C'llITileTCH KillIA"AilT, KOTOp:wi{ B oKpyre Hil6paA 60/l.bwe rOAOCOB, 'leJl,! ero conepHHKlI (He -rpe6yeTcH 06H3ilTeAbHOrO MHHHJI,!)'Ma ro- IIOCOB, HilIJp"Mep, 50% IIhIOC 0AliH rOAOC OT 'l"CAil I'OAOC)'IOlL\IIXJ\I1"- 60 HHoe 06H3ilTeAbHOe KOAlf'lecrso; eAlmcrneHHoe -rpe50BilH"e- nOAY'l1ITb I'OAOCOB 5ohbwe, 'leM KilJK,lI,bli{ COnepH"K)'2 OOCKOhbK)' He YCTilHilBAl1EaeTCH Heo6x !\IHHltI\l)'M rOAO- COB, HeT CMblCAil yCTilHilBAHBilTb KBOpyM Bbl60p:w 6yJlY1' AernTIfM- II YCTaB M}'Hlll\HI1iiI'lbHOro OtJpd30BdHIDI - ropo,II,CKoii OKpyr ropOA 1'.11- 3aHb p.II3dHCKOii 05AaCTM /I hUp Ilwww.qorsavetryazan.ruJustavhtml 11 Taamepa P.,lllyrapm M.C OnllCdHl1e 11361Jp<rn'1'IbtiUJ( CllCTeM /I flo- luJC.1997.N3.C.17 22 
HhIMl-I, ecJUI B Hl-IX npl-lMeT yqacTl-Ie AlO6oe KOAWleCTBO 3aperl-l- CrplJpOBdHHblX H36HpdTeAeH (NUKe 0MlH 'IeAOBeK) AOCTOHHCTBdMH MaJKOplfTapHOH Cl-ICTeMhI OTHOCHTeAbHoro 6OAb1lIl-IHCfBd II}'JIUIO npH3HdTb CAeJI.YlOUJ;lle: I) AdHHilSI CHCfeMd Bcel'M pe3YAbTdTIfBHa (KdJK,lI,Oe AenyTdTC- Koe MeCfO SdMeUJ;aeTCSI cpa3Y, B P€3YAbTdTe OAfloro roAOCO- BdHl-IH; napAaMelIT 4JopMlIpye"I'Ol nOAHOCfblO); 2) OHa nOWITHd H36HpaTeNlM; 3) 3KOHOMWlHa.; 4) n03BOMleT KpynHblM napTl-IHM nOAyqlITb «TBepAoe» 6oAb- lllHHCTBO II C4JOpMllPOBdTb YCTOwlHBoe npaBHTeAbCTBO. B QeAoM npHMeHeHl-Ie 3TOH CHCTeMhI npHooUKaeT KaI-WIAaTOB B AenyTaThI K H361-1paTeAHM, rapaHTIfpyeT C opraHH3aQlioHHo-npa- BOBOH CTOpOHhI OCNblCAeHHoe HCnOAb30BatfHe rpaJKAdHaMl-I CBOHX H36HpaTeAbHbIX npdB roAocoBdHHeM 3d Il3BeCTHbIX HM JUlQ. MaJKopmapHilSl CHCTeMCI OTHOCmeAbHoro 60AbWHHCTBa HaI1- 60Aee nDAXOAHT f¥I5I C1pdH C AB}'XnapTIfl1HOH CHCTt?MOH (CIllA. Be- AH:Ko6pHTdHIDI), OHa C'IlITdeTOI OABOH H3 HiillMeHee AeMoKpdTlI'I- HbIX H36HpdTeAbHhlX CHCTeM. OOTeHQllilAbHilSl HecnpaIJ€AAlfBOCTh, 3aADJKeHHdJI BAaHH)'lO H36HpdTeAbH)'lO CHCT€I'IY, 60Aee flpKO npo- SlBMleTCfl B COBOKynHOCTH C OC06h1MH cnOC06dMH Hape3KH H36H- pdTeAbHblX OKpyrOB, nOAyqHBIllHMH Hd3BillIHe «H36HpaTeAbHafl reoMeTpHH». C}'lQHOCTb «lf36HpaTeAbHOH reOl\felpHH») COCTOHT B TOM, '11'0 II}'JIUIO TdK Hdpe3dTb H36up<rreAbHble OKpyrd, 'lTo6bI npl-l cDxpa- HeHHH HX 4JopMaAbHOrO paBeHcma 3apaHee 06ecne'lHTb B Hl-IX npeHM}'Il.\eCTBO CTOpOHHHKOB OABOH "3 napThlH, paCCpeAOTO'lHB CTOPOHHHKOB APyrl1X napTIfH B He60AbwHx KOAlf'leCTBax no pa3- HhIM oKpyraM, a MaKCHMaAbHoe I1X 'II1ChO COCP€AOTO'IHTI. B OABOM- ABYX OKpyrax. To €CTb napTH.!I., ocytlteCTBNllOlQa.!l. Hape3KY H36H- paTeAbHblX Q}(pyroB, nocTapaeTcH paCKpOlITb I1X TaKHM o6pa30M, '.!To6h! cocpeAOTO'lHTb MaKCl-IMaAbHOe 'IHCAO H36HpdTeAeiJ:, roAO- CyroUll-lX 3d napTIflO-COnepHI1Kd., B OMlH-ABa oKpyra, C03HaTeAb- HO HAH Hd TO, 'lT06bl «nOTepHTb'J HX, 06eCn€'lHBd.II: TeM caMhIM no- 6eA)' ce6e B APYTHX OKpyrax. I1>OpMaAbHO pdBeHCTBO OKpyI'OB He 23 
HapyrnaeTCH, a 4JaKTH<leCKlI 3apaHee npeAonpeAeNilOTCH pe3YAb- TaThl BbiOOpoB. npeAOCTaBI1B B03MroKHOCTb06pil30BaHI-Ul1i36npa- TeAk.HblX OKpyTOB APyI'ofi. oapTlIH, nOAyqaeTcH npOTllBOnOJl.O)j(}jbli1 pe3}'J\bTaT. 3aKOHOAaTeJl.Ii pHAa 3apy6e)l(HblX c'!'paH (CiliA, <DpaHqIIli, <DPf, BeJI.I-IKo6pHTaHHH, .sInoHHH), KaK H POCCHi1CKIii1 3aKOHOAa- TeAk., T3IUKe HCXOA.IIT H3 TOro, 'iTO npaKTll'ieCKlI HeB03MO)j(}jO 06- pa30BblBaTb a6COJl.lOTHO paBHbIe lI:IDliJXITehbHble oKpyra, a nOTO- MYYCTaHC'IB.hlfBaeT MilKCHMaAbHbli1 npoQeHT (KaK npaBH./!.O, 25 HAlI 33%) OTKJl.OHeHHlI OKPYCOB no 'JIiCAeHHOCTH JJ36l-1paTeAei1 OT cpeA- Hera oKpyra B T'f HAlI APYJ'YK> crop0H)'. HeAoCTaTKoI MilJKOpIITapHOll ClICTeMbl OTH<x:ltTehbHOrO 6oAb- llllIHCTBa BBNleTCH TO, 'JTO KaHAIIAilT 3a'laCT)'lO MO)l(eT 6bITb H36- paH «nOAaBNllOIqlfM MeHbllllIHCTBOM» H36HpaTeheH. 3'1"0 MOJKeT OChO)j(}jlITb ero nOG\eA)'lOJ..qHe OTHollleHlIH C 60Ab1lHmCTBOM H36H- paTeAefi., rohocoBaBlillIX 3aAPyrHX KaHAIIAilTOB, 'ITO HepeAJ(O npH- BOMIT K HHHqlIlIpoBaHlIlO H36HpaTeNIMlI npOQeA)'pbI OT3bIBa Ae- nyraTa (Bbl50pHOI'O AOhJKHOCTHOro .hlfQil) CBeCTlI K MlIHlI!\IYMYTa- K}'IO «n(rreplO» rOhOCOB H36lipaTeAeii npli npOBeAem.Jl.1 Bbl60pOB B npeACTilBtfTeAbHble opraHb[ BhaCTlI n03BOAHeTTOAbKO nponoplUlO- HaAbHilllli361IpaTeAbHilll CliCTeMil, paCCIIIilTpllBaeMilll HIDKe. OAHIiM H3 AOCTOlIHCTB MilJKOplITapHoii ClICTeMb! OTHOCJITeAb- Horo 60AbllllIHCTBaBBNleTCH TOT4JaKT, 'JTO nplI ee HcnOJlli3OBdHlIH xapaKTepHO Aon}'lLleHlie MeHblllero KOJ\J1'ieCTBa HCKaJKeHHi1. OA- HaKO H 3A€Cb MOryr ChY'laTbCH «01ll1I6KlI». HanpHMep, B 1951 f. B BeAHKOOplITaIlHlI 6or.brnHHCI'BO I'OhOCOB mOlIpaTeJ\eU B QeAOM no CTpaHe nOhY'lHAlI J\.eiioopHcTbI, HO 5oAbllllIHCTBO MeCT B naphil- MeHTe AOCTaAOCb KOHcepBilTOpaM; CXO)l(ilB clITyalll1B, HO lia060- POT, H"leha !\Iecro B 1974 r. 13 Bo Il36e)l(ill{lIe IlCKdJKeliHi'l B P»A€ C"!paII LJ;eI\€Coo6pa3Hbl"l BBNI- eTCH lIpllII'IeHeHlIe MilJKoplITapHoii CHCIe>1bI aocol\lOTHoro 6ohbIillIH- cma, rJ\dBHbIMlI OT1\.lI'IIDIMlI KaropOH SIBASIIOTCH ChWIOIIJ;He: - AMI JJ30paHtfH OT oKpyra He06xoAHMO Hil6pilTb tie npoCToe 6ohblllIIHCTBO (T e. fiOAbllle, 'JeM APyTHe KillWIAaTbll. a 015.11- I KotiCTIrryQllOtiHDe npdBO 3apytJe.>lUibIX CTpilH - M., 2005. C. 217. 24 
3aTeAbHO a6COA1OTHOe (T.e. 50% nAlOC OAI1H rOAOC) 60Ab- lllllHCTBO roAOCOB OT npllHflBllIllX }"KlcTlle B BbI60pax 1l361l- paTeAei1; - eCAIl HIlKTO 113 KaH,ll,IlAaTOB He Ha6epeT He06xOAIlMoro a6coAlOTHoro 60AblllllHCTBil (50% nAlQC 0A"H mAoc), npo- BOAlITCfI BTOpOH TYP; - BO BTOpoMTYPe }"KlcrnyKJT ABa KdHJI.IlAilTd, Hd6paBlillfe Hall- 60Abwee 'UiCAO rOAOCOB B nepBOM TYPe; - no6eNrreJ\.eM tll3 ABYX DCTilBlllIlXCS! KillWJA<lTOB) BO BTO- pOM TYPe C'HITileTCfI TOT, KTO Hd6epeT60Abllle rOAOCOB, 'leM ero conepHIlK; - 06bNHO npE!AYCMilTpllBileTOI 06f13<ITeAbHbIH KBOpy1>'1" 'lT06bI BbI60pbI C'lHTilAHCb COCTOflBIlIIlMIlOI. He06xoAill"1O }"KlCTIle GOAee nOAOBIlHbl (T.e. 50%) H3GI1pd'I€J\eU OT'lI1CAa Bcex 3il- perncTpnpoBilHHb!X (pe>Ke  llAH IlHOrO KOAH'JeC'IBil). CAeAYeT OTMeTllTb II HoCTaTKH AdHHOH CIlCTeMbI: II '!aCTO AenyrilT 113611PileTCfI MeHbIllHHCTBOl<I1l36IIpan'H: 2) «TePfilOTCfI» roAOCa., nOJ¥lHHEore3ilAPyrHXK<lH,lI,If,I'I,B; 3i IlCKd)KillO"I'O! pe3}'AbTaThI I"OAOCOBilHlliI B MilcllITa6e CIpilHbI. l'vtaJKopllTapll}'lO CI1CTeMY a6collOTIloro 60AblllllHCTBa C IlC- nOAb30Bilm1eM nOBTopHoro rOAOCOBaHllfi He peKOMeHAYeTCfI IlC- nOAb30BilTb Hd BbIGopax AenyraToB npeACTilBIlTeAbHOrO opraHil M)'Hlll.\llnilAbHOrO OGpil30BilHHSI, TilK KilK omocHTeAbHO HH3KIlH ypOBeHb ee pe3}'AbTaTllBHOCTII 6YAeT npllBOAHTb K AOBOAbHO 'lac- TOI'1)' I1Cn0Ab30BilHIl1O npoqeAYPbl nOBTopHOro rOAOCOBaHllfl, 'ITO «OTOAB"HeT» MOMeHT c})OpMtipOBilHIDJ npaBoMo'lHOro npeACTilBll- TeAbHOrO opraHil II, COIJ1'&'1'CTIJeHHO, yseAJ1'mT nepl10A «6e3BAaC- TIlS!», KorAa npeACTilBHTeAbHbIHOpraH npeJKHero C03b1Bil}'JKe npe- KpaTHT CBOH nOAHOMO'lIDI, a opraH HOBoro C03bIBil ern;e He 6yAeT 1l36paH B npaBOMO'lHOM COCTilBe. Ern;e 0AH"M HHbIM AJI5I ypOBHfI MeCTHoro caMoynpaB- J\.eHllfi HeAOCTilTKOM I'IilJK0pmapHOH CIlCTel'!bl a6coJuonJ:oro 60Ab- IllHHCTBil C IlCnOAb30BaHIleM nOBTOpHoro rOAOCOBaHllSI BBllJleTCfI HeI13Ge>KHOe YSeAl1QeHl1e pacxoAOB Hd opoB€AeHlle Bbl60pOB, CB.I1- 25 
3aHHoe KaK C OpraHH3aqIieH nOBTopHoro rOAOCOBaHIUl, TaK H C nHlreM KaH,.lI,If,lIpTaIII, no KOTOpblM npoJIDAIITCSI nOBTOp- Hoe rOAocosaHHe, 6eCflAaTHoro 3HpHoro Spel'1eHH H ne'l3THoi1 IIAOll\<lAll B M)'HllqHIKL\bHblX cpeACTBax MaCCOBOll HHOpMaqHH /JlI5I AOnOAHJITeAbHOH dI'HTaqHH. Ell\e 0AllH Blf,lI,MaJKOpHTBpHOll CHCTeMbl -I\(IDKOpHTapHilll CH- CTeMa KBaJillc}mqHpoBdHHoro OOllbIllHHCTB3, npeAHBM!IOll\asl KpaHHe BblCOKl1e TpeOOBaHlliI B OTHOIlleHlfll KOAH'JeCTBa rOAOCOB, He06xo,HMbIX N\5I H30pdmrn. HanpHMep, AO 1993 r., 'ITOOb16bITb H36pdHHblM IITa.JUillHCKlIM CeHdTOpOM, Heo6xQII,llMO 6UAO Hil6paTI> 65% (no'ITl1 2/3 rOAocoB). B AeMOKpdTll'leCIGIX CTpaHaX nOA06Hoe 60AbW"HCTBO C nepBoro pa33 nOA}"IHTb npaKTI1'1eCK" HeB03MOII<- HO, Ii AaHHaH CIICTeNd nplll'leH.!leTCH KpallHe peAKo(. AHa1ui3npY5I IITOrn NYHlfQnrraJ\..bHbIX BbI6q)()B 2005 r. B Poccni1- CKOH <DeAepaqnn, NO)KHO KOHCTaTiIpOBaTb <lJdKT AOMnHnposaHllil Mc'l}KOpHTapHoH H36HpaTeAbHoi1 C"CTeMbl npH <lJopMnpOBaHHI-I npeA,CTaBHTeAbHb!X opr3Hos BAacrn opraHos MeCTHoro cal'lO)'IIpas- lleHlliI M)'HI1qHIIMbHbIX 06pd30BdHHH - AOM! HCn0J\b30saHHH A3H- Hall CHCTeMbI BbI60pos B M)'HI1QIDIilAbHbIX Bbl60pax no aHdAll3}' Hil 2006 r. COCTaBNleT99,6°,,"". OpHMeHeHHe Ma)l(OpllTapHOll CHCTeMbl BOBce He 03Hd'laeT BbI- TeCHeHHH nOAHTH'IeCKHX napTHH H3 "HCAa cy6'beKTOB H36npa- TeAbHOrO npoQecca. HaP5IAY C n36up<rrei'Ull"1H OHn coxpaIDIT npa- BO BbIABIDKeHlliI CBOHX KalWfA8-TOB. OpH 31'01'1, H3611paJI naprnH- HbIX BHABlDKeHqeB, rpaJKAiJHe nOAyq:aT B03MO)KHOCTb OQ€HlITb He TOAbKO nOJUfTIf'leCKyro IIAaTc:popM}' KdH,AlIAaTOB, HO H HXAlI'IHble H AeAOBble Ka"ecrnd. B 1\'liDtmpHTdpHOM H36HpaTeAbHOM OKpyre B xOAe npe.ll,BbIOOpHOH drnTaQHH 3a H npOT"B KdH,ll,llAdTOB BCHee BblCBe"HBaIOTCB 1-1 TO'lHee, "eM npH 06CYJKAeHHI-I «nponopqHO- HaAbHbIX» cn"CKOB, OQeHHBaIOTCH" H€AOCTaTKI-I npeTeHAeHTOB lid AenyraTCKHe I'ldfiAaTbI, }1MeHbWdeTcSl B03:\lO)KHOCTh nOnC\AdH"H B ndpAdMeHT AHQ C COMHJITeJU.HblM npOIlli\bIM HAlf HaCTOHll\nM. Ma- I. J1e[jKMIDI A, AaM6epmA;K. HCCAeAOBdHlJ8 MaJKOpl1"l'dpHOH II npoIlop- I.\lJOHaAbHOH 1136lJpaTel'lLHhIX CIICT8M M., 1998. C. 45 ISBblOOpbIBPoccuiicKOH1 2005. 3AeKTOpMbHaJlCTdTIlcrHKd.- M ,2006. C.9. 26 
JKOpHTapHaSI CHCTeMd n03BONleT ynOPSlAO'lWTb npoqecc napTIdi- Horo CTpOHTeJ\.bCTBa, nOCKOhbKY AdeT B03MO>KHOCTb pedAbHOH oqemrn COqHaAbHOH 3Ha'lHMOCTI.J KaJKAOH ndpTHH H ee AeHCTBH- TehbllOro BeCd B OOLl\eCTBeHHOM MHeHHH. npHMeHeHHe Ma)KOPH- TdpHoro npHHqHna MOJKeT cnOCOOCfBOBaTb, KaK nOKd3bIBdeT MH- pOBOH onbIT, 4JOpMHpOBaHHlO B C1pdHe KpyIlHblX nOAHTII'IeCKliX napTIlH IIdphaMeHTCKOrO T:llna. 'ITO A0JI.)KHO nOBbICHTb cTaoHhb- HOCTb c})yHKl.\HOHHpOBdHH5I. BceH nO}Uf'J1l'1eCKOH CHCTeI'IbI. B XIX B. B paMKdx OOLl\eH TeHAeHqHH AeMoKpdTH3dltHH H30H- pdTeh.bHbIX CHCTeM Ha'lahOCb nOCTeileJIHoe npHMeHeHHe nponop- qHOHaJ\.bHbIX H30HpaTeAbHbIX CHCTeM, n03BONllOIl.J;HX o6ecne'llITb oOl\.ee IlllIpoKoe npeACTaBH'I'ehbCTBo. OpOIIOpqHOHaAbHiliI H30HpdTeh..bHa51. CHCTeMa 3aKhlO'IdeTC5I. B TOM,'ITO: 3d I'OhOCa H30HpaTeJl.eii: 6opIOTC5I. MeJKAY COOoH He AH'IHO KdIWIAdTbI.. a nOhHTH'leCKHe napTIlH; napTIlH BbJ,lI,BHralOT «napT:lIllHbIe CIIHCKHI), B KOTOpblX-yKd- 3b1BdfOTUI KalJAHAdTbI OT AaHHOH napnUl H HX o'JepeAHOCTb Ha nOA}"IeHHe MdHAdTOB; H30JJpaTeAb roAOCyeT 3d napT:lIlO (CAeA,OBaTehbHO, 3d ndp- TI1HHbIH cnHCOK B qehOM): MdlJAdTbI MeJKAY napTH5I.MH pacnpeAeNlIOTC5I. npoIIopqHO- HdAbHO 'IHCAY rOhQCOB, IIOhyq:eHHbIX napT:lIHMH Hd BbIOO- pax (T.e. 'IeM OOhbwe rOhOCOB JJ30HpdTeJ\.eH 3dBoeBaJ\.d napTH5I., TeM OOAbwe oHa IIOh}"lHT MdH,AaTOB): nOA}"IeHHbIe KaJKAOti napTHeH AenyraTCK"e MaH,AaTbI pac- npeAeNlIOTCH MeJKAY ee KaJWIAdTdMH B CODTBeTCTBHH C O'iepeAHOCfblO B napm:I1HOM CIIHCKe. Pd3JU1'1dlOT pa3HOBlWlOCTII napndfHbIX CnJ.ICKOB: OTKpblTbIe JJ 3dKpbITble. A/ISI OTKpbITblX napTHHm,1X CIIHCKOB XapaKTepHO, 'ITO nOAHTII- 'IeCKa51. ndpnm CBoHM peWeH"eM yCTdHdBlIlIBaeT QttepeAHOCTb B cnHCKe. Ho IIpH 3TOM .hlOOOH H36Itp.:«eAb BnpdBe He TOAbKO fOAOCo- BaTb Sd onpeAeheHHbIH CIIHCOK KaJWIAdTOB, BIoIABlIlI}"l'brli: nOAHTH- 'IeCKOH naprlleR, HO H BblpiVKaTbnpe.l!,IIO'CIeHHe B arHOWeHHH OABO- 27 
ro AH60 HeCKOAbKllX KaHAl1AaTOB H3 CIUfCKa, 'ITO B TOH HAH HHOH Mepe, B 3dBHCIDfOCTH ar BbI6pamlOH CHCI'eMbI pacnpeAeJ\eHH5I Aerry- TaTCKHX MaHAilTOB BH}'TpH CrrnCKa KafWfAilTOB, Onpe.Aet0leT nOAY'le- HHe AenyraTCKoro NTa KOHt<peTHblM TO!>I H3 CnHCKa. OpH YCTaHOBAeHHlJ pe3}'AbTaTOB BbI60pOB OpraHlI3}'101..l\<IJI Bbl- BOpbl H36HpaTeAbHa.ll KOMI1CCIDI ynoP5IAO'lHBae-r CIII1COK KillJAl1Ad.- TOB B nOp5lAKe y6bIBaHIDI <mCAa rDAOCOB H36HpaTeAeil. IIo,aHHblX 3a BK.AIO'leHHbIX B Hero KaHAHAilTOB. OOA}"leHHbli1 I10p.!lAOK Pa.3- MellleHIUI KaHAJ1AilTOB npeACTaBMeT co60i1 O'lepeAHOCTb pacnpe- AeAeHH5IAerryrilTcKHX NaHAilTOB. K <llICAY npellMy:rn;ecrn CHCTeMbI OTKpblThlX CIIllCKOB MO)KHO OTHeCTH: llX noAJIYIO np03pa'lHOCTb; nOBblllleHlIe aKTIIBHOCfll1l 3aHHTepeCOBaHHOCTH KaH,ll,llAd- TOB, BKAlO'leHHblX B napTlrnHblH CllllCOK., B pa60Te C H36H- paTeMlNH. 3TO n03BOMleT 3amlTb 60Aee BblCOKoe MecTO npH pacnpeAeAeHHH BH}'TPII napTHHHoro cnHCKa KillJAl1Ad.- TOB, drllTHpOBdBllIlIX He TOAbKO 3a nOAHTlf'leCK}'lO napTlflO, HO H 3a CBOlO KillJAl1Ad.rypy; CliCTeMY OTKpbITblX cnlfCKOB npeAOCTaBMleT H36l1paTeMlM B03!>IO.>KHOCTb nOBAl1.IITb m paCnp€AeAeHlIe MilHAaTOB BH)'T- pH napTlfiiHOrO cnllcKd, nporOAOCOBdTb 3d KOHKpeTHoro KdHAllAaTd. B pe:JyhbTdTe 3dKOHOAdTeAbHblH opraH rocy- AdPCTBeHHOH BAdCTII 6YAeT C4JopMlIpOBaH H3 aBTopllTeT- HblX hlOAeH, nOAb3ylOl.W1xc.!I: nOMep.>KKoi1 H36l1pdTeAeii. Ol'KpbITble cnllCKII Ha nponopQIIDHdAbHbIX Bb160Pax XdpdKTep- HbI /J/I5! napAaMelITOB p.!l:Ad Cym,eKTOB PocclIikKOii <DeA€PaI.llIl1. OponOpU;lJOHaAbHa.llll36l1paTeAbHIDI CI1CTeMa OTKpbITblX cnllc- KOB npeAycNo1peHa 3ilKOHOM KOpflKCKOro aBTOHO!>IHOro oKpyra ('0 Bbl60pax AerryrdToB /1yMN. KoJ»!KCf'lJO ilBTOHOMHOro OKpyrd>J, 1-13- 6l:1paTeAbHblM KOAeKcoM OpHNopcKoro KpillJ:. Opll :nOM H3611pa- TeAbHOe SaKOHOAdTeAbCTBO 3THX cyfueKTOB POCCIIHCKOii <De,lI,epa- QIIII npeA}'CMa:rpHBileT ABa cnoco6a pacnp€AeAeHII.!I: AerryraTcKHX MillJAilTOB: nepBbill- C yqeToM MHeHH5I lf36l1p<1IT'l\eH, eCAll IIpdBOM rOAOCOBaHIDI sa KdlV>,llAdTa H3 CllIlCKa BOCIlOAb3OBdhHCb 60Aee 20% 2i< 
nporOAOCOBdBlIIllX 3a cnHCOK; BroPOM - eCAli 3TOT nOKa3aTeAh MeHhllle 20%, yqlITbIBdeTol He TOAbKO MHeHlle H36HpaTeAeil. HO H MecTO KaHJ\llAdTa B crrnCKe, 1KIpT1Ilnll,rn peirrnnr KillWWTa Heo6xoAllMOCTb nepe'lllCAeHHbIX cnoco60B pacnpeAeAeHllH AenyraTcKllx MaHAaTOB BlI}'Tpli OTKpbIThIX cnHCKOB KaHAllAaTOB onpeAeMieTOI HaAlI'llieM OTAeAbHbIX HeAocTaTKOB, xapaKTepHblX AJI5I 3TOM CHCTeMhI CHCTeMd OTKpblTbIX cnllCKOB fJiieT pe3}'AbTdT npH BhlCOKOM dKTllBHOCTli H36llpaTeAeH, yqdcrn}'lOLl\llX B BhI60- pax. OAHaKO eChM 60hb!IIllHCTBO "3511paTeAeM, OTfJiiB CooH rOAOC 3d Tar IIhH HHOH cnllCOK KillWWTOB B QeAOM, He BbICKdJK}"I' B xOAe rOAOCOBdHllH CEoe npeAIIO'lTeHlle B OTHOllIeHllH KIDIAllAdTOB H3 3Toro cnHCKd, O'lepeAl10CTh nOAyqeHliH AenyrdTCKHX MdHAaTOB 6YAeT onpeAE'.1I..!fT'hC.H Ha OCROBe BOAeH3D.!1BJ\eIUfH He3Ha'lliTeAbHO- ro MeHh!IIIffiCTBd, 'ITO npeACTaBNIeTCSI HeonpaIJAilllHhIM. BMeCTe C TeM npHMeHeH"e OTKpbIThlX cnliCKOB npeAnOAaraeT TpYAHOCTll npll nOAC'IeTe rOAOCOB, 'ITO npeAIIOAdraeT Heo6xOAll- MOClb aBTO!<laTll311pOBaTb IIpOQel'>YPY nOAC'leTd roAOCOB Hd Bbr6opax. 3aKpbITbIe ndpTllHHbIe cnllCKll npeAllOAaralO'l', 'lTO AenyraTcKlie MdHAdThI pacnpt!AelUlKJTOl. Me)l{,ll,Y 3dpeniCTplipOBdHHbIMH KaHAll- AdTdMH li3 cnllCKa KaHAlJAilTOB H3611paTehbHoro o6'beAuHeHllH B COOTBeTCTBHll C nopOM pa3MeLl\eHllH KdJWfJIP"lUB B 3TOM CIIllC- Ke, YCTaHOBAeHHOM npH perllC"rpdl\llH cnllCKa B H3611paTeAbHOH KOMliCCHli H paCCMaTpHBaeMbI!<' KaK nOp}l,oK O'lepeAHOCTll nOAY- qeHlliI AenyraTcKHX MdHAaTOB. OpellMYLl\eCTBeHHO AaHHillI cHcre- I'>La HcnOhb3}'eTCH npH CMeIIJaHHOH npoQeA)TPe BhIDOpOB. Hanpll- Mep, IIpH npOBeAeHHll M)'HHQllllilAbHbIX BbI6opoB B PeD B 2005 Hd acHoBe cMewaHHoH CHCTeMe HCnOAb30BaAaCb HMeHHO AdHHillI CH- CTeMa ndpTllHHbIX cnllCKOB (M)'HHQIillilhbHWe BbI60pbI B HPOChaB- CKOil. BAdMlMHPCKOM H KOcrPOMCKOM 05AdCTHX)'6. B OTlill'llie OT MdJKOplITapHOH CHCTeMbI, npHMeH.SIeMOH 06hI'lHO B KpynHbIX rOCYAdpcrnax, rAe KOHK)'PlipyIOT, KaK npaBllhO, {Jl3e Be- AYLl\He napTHH, nponoPQllOHdAbHilll H36H CliCTeMa xo- pOllia A"-}I He6ohb!IIHX no TeppHTopHH rOCYAapCTB C pa3BHToH MHoronapTllHHoCTblO. B HaCTOSIil\ee BpeM}I nponoPQllOHaAbHdH I.BhI60pbIBPoeclfiK:KOO2005.3J\eKlUp<iIlbtI<UIcnmlCTIlKil.. M.,2006.C II. 19 
H36HpaTeAbHillI CHCTeMa npHMemleTCSI B 3CfOHHH, AaTBHII.. Hop- Benm, npH Bw60pax HIDKH€H naAaThI napAaM€HTa B nOAbllIe, LIe- XI1I1, AO 1993 r. - B I1TaAHH 17 . KapKac 4>eAepilAbHOro H perHOHiJAbHOrO ypOBHSI Bw6opOB B POCCHHCKOll <DeAepaqnH COCTaBMIeT nponopqnoHilAbHaJI CHCTe- Ma, aHa ypoBHe MeCTHoro cal'JOynpdIl-.t'HHfI OHa nOKa He HMeeT llIHpOKoro pacnpOCTpaHeHHfI WHCTBeHHhIH cy6'heKT a>eAepa- QHH, AAJ1TeAbHOe Bpel'lfl HCnOAb3yIOJJJ;lJH nponOPQHOHaAhH)'1O CH- CTeMY Ha Bw60pax np€,/\,CTIlBJITeAbHhIX opraHOB MeCTHoro caMoyn- paw..emIfl-31O KpacHOHf)CKIIH Kpai!, rAe B PMe ropOAOB Kpaeooro nOA'JHH€HHlI (KpaCHOllpCK, KaHCK, A'JHHCK, BOpOAllHO, EHHCeHCK., )KeAe3HoropCK, 3eAeHoropcK, fI..1HH)'CHHCK, lllaPWilOBO) C 1996 r 'laCTh AenyraToB ropOACKI1X COBeTOB H36HpaeTCSI no nponopqno- HMbHOH CHCTeI'1e'B. COBpeMeHHwe Ha}"lHwe HCCJ\€AOBill!IDI BhIAeMlIOT CM'JI.YlOe AOCTOHHCTBa npOOOPQlfOHaAbHOH CHCTeMbI BwGOPOB: 60Aee TO'lHO oTpiVKaeT paCCTaHOBKY nOJlllTIl'leCKIIX CHA B 06IQeCTBe; AlfHaMWma - n03BOMleT opram'l30BWBaThCSI HOBhIM napn:l- SlM H 6hlC"lpO BhIXOAHTh Ha nOlUITll'IecK)'lO cqeH)'; cnoco6cTBYeT 60Aee 'I<l.CTOH CMeHSleMOCfH BAaCTII; nOMOra€T napAaMemy IJeTKO CtpYK1'}'pMpoBaThcH; }'KpeIlMleT NHOCOnap'I'l1ihIOCThH ITOI'IlfTIl'l€CKHi.i: Ill11OpMH3M. CAeAYeT OTMeTHTh, 'JTO Heo6xOAi1Ml>IM YCAoBHeM 3t}JcpeKTi1B- HOCTH nponoPQi10HaAbHOH CHCTeMW Ha M)'HHQHllilAhHhIX Bw60pax SlB/IJI€TCSI AocTaTo'JHaJI <lHCAeHHOCTh np€,/\,cTaBHTeAbHOrO opraHa MYHHQIUIaAhHoro 06pa30BaHHSI, TOAbKO npH 3TOM YCAOBHH HC- n0Ab30BaHHe nponOPQHOHaAbHoi1 CHCTeMh] QeAecoo6pa3HO. H€ACJCTaTKIl nponOpl.\HOHaAbHoi! CHCTeMbf . B Ka'leCTBe pe3YAbTaTa MeT neC"lp)'lO KapTIlH)' nOAHTII'Iec- KHX CHII.., npeACfaB1\eHHhIX B napAaMeHTe; 11 'iupKlli/. B.E. KoHCTIIT)'W101IHOB npa.so 3apy6eJKHbIX cTpdH. YqefjllllK. M,1991.C 136 '" BH6opb(B PoccI1OCKOH <DeAepai.\lJl'J. 2005 cmnlCTIlKd. M,2006.C.14. JO 
MHOrO'lHCAeHHbIe H nplf,ll,epJKlIBillOI.4HeC5I pa3HbIX B3I'JIJI- AOB naI'Tlm, nI'onOI'QHOHMbHO nI'criiBAeHHble B naI'M- MeHTe, He Moryr AorOBopHTbCH MeJKA)' co6oii, He Moryr c4JopMlII'OBaTb YCToii'lHBOe npaBliTeAbCTBO, BCACTBHe 'lera roCYABPCTBeHHdSI nOAHTliKa He HMeeT «BH)lTpellliero CTeI'JKHSI» - B03HHKatOT naI'THi1Hble I1HTI'l1rll, l'IeJKnap- TIUiHble pacnpH, HeCTa6HAbHOCTb, C03A3lOTCH H paCIIaAa- tOTCH KOaAHIUIH, CAllllIKOM 'lacro MeH5IeTC5I npaBHT€AbCI'BO; rOAOCY5I 3a naI'TlIi1Hbll1 cnHCOK, H36HpaTeAH 3HalOT AHllIb ero AJ1,lI,epOB H He 3HalOT OCTaAbHblX '!heHOB; nOTOMY B naI'- MMeHT IIOIIaAatOT COMHHTeAbHble 1-1 cAyqaiiHble NOA", KO- Topble H1-IKOI'Aa He 6bllW ObI H30paHbI AWlHO B Ollpyrnx: BnaprIDIX (oco5eHHOB nap1lliMeJITCKI1X4>5IX) rocnoAcr- syeT A"KTaT naprlliiHoi1 BepXynIKlI, JKeCTKillI naI'Tlli1HdSI AllCQlIfIAlfHa; 60.llCb nOTeI'5lTb K CA€A)'1OIl.I)iN BbI60I'BN Mec- TO B napTlIi1HoM cnllCKe, A€rryraTbl, CliAbHO SaBHC5ILqlle OT napmjffioro py1<OBD,ll,CI'Ba, ltJaKTlf'leCKlf OTCTaliBalOT Y3KO- ndprn:i1HbIe HHTepeCbI., a He i1HTepeCb! HaPOAd; HeT H1-I nI'H.l'loi1, Hli 06I'dTH0i1 CB5I3l1 Jl-leJIIAY KOHKpeTHbIMli AenyrdTdM1-I 1-1 KOHKpeTIlbIMI1 H361-1paTeMMH. Cyw;eCTB}'lOT pa3AH'IHbIe MogUfjmKa4uu nponOP4UOHClAhHOIl cucmeMbl. HaIIpHMep, B P5IAe CTpaH, roAOCYJI 3a napmUlo, u36u- pwneu, I'OAOcyem maKJKe 3a l{(JHgUgwnOB BHympU ee napmuilHoro cnucKa, BbI51BAIDI caMbIX norryJlJlpHblX H3 HliX H onpeAeM5I o'le- Pe.AHOCTb KalWfABTOB B CilliCKe (OTKpbITble naprn:iiHbIe CIIlICKII). 31'0 YMeHbllIileT BAaCTb napTIiHHHx 6occoB H 3aBliCHMOCTb OT HlIX p5lAOBbIX napMMeHTdp1-leB, KOTopbIe, PYKOBOACTIlY5ICb IIHTepeCa- MH BCeI'O 06rn;eCTBd., cMOIyr 'larn;e OTXOAllTb OT Y3KonapTHiiHbIX HHTepecoB. Hall60Aee AeiicTBeHHoe cpeACTBo ycrpaHeHlI5I HOCTaTKOB nponopLl"oHa/lbHmi CHCTeMbI - }'CTCIHOBAeHlIe 30IpagumeAbHoro 6apbepa, T.e. MUHuMYMa rOAOCOB, l{OmOpblu JJ£D6xDfll11'W JJ.a6parru, napmuu, 'ITo6b1 6bITb AOII)'IlIeHHoi1 K pacnI'eAeHlItO MaHAaToB. L(eAb 3al'p<!AIITeJ\bHOrO 6apbepa - npeIDUnCmBOBalIlb npOHUKRO- BeHUJO B napAaMeHm JlfeJlKUX U CA}"iOUHb!X napmuli, cnoco6cTBO- BdTbTOMY, 'ITOObI B napMMeHTe 6bIi\lI npCTaBAeHbI cpeAH1-Ie H 31 
KpynHble nilpTHH. TeM CaMbiM nilpAaMeHT CTaHOBHTCH MeHee Pil3- p03HeHHblM no CBOe!\1)'COCTilB}' H 60Aee CTa6HJ\bHb1I11, TO eCTb ycr- paHHeTCH 0AHH 113 rllCiBHbIX He,lI,OCTaTKOB nponOpl.\HOHaAbHOH CHC- TeMbi. C."eAyeT OTMeTHTb, 'lTO ilKTyaAbHilH pOCCHi'1cKilH npaKTHKil npoBeAeHHH M)'HHqHIIaAbHbIX Bbl60pOB 2005 I'. B KOCTpOMCKOH, I3AaAllMHpCKOM H JlpoCAdBCKoii OOAaCT.IIX Hil OCUOBaHHH CMellIilH- Hoii CHCTeMbl Bbl6opOB OCHOBblBdAaCb Ra BBeAeHl1H 3arpagume;u,- BOro OOpbepa. PaccMa1pIlBdeMbIe peI1IDHbI BBeAH pa3AH'lHbIe 3ill'pa- AJITeu.Hble 6apb€pbI: B KOC1pOMCKOii OOAaCTIl- 4% IRa 33ce.c>,aHIDI KOCIpOMCKOii OOAacTHoii A'fMbI 21 anpeMl 2005 I'. paccMilTpHBdA- CH Bonpoc 0 nOBb!llIeHHH 6apbepaAo 5%. OMffiKOA€nyrilTbI He nOA- AepJKdAH 3TO HOBoBBeAeHHe), B JlpocAaBcKoM - 5, BAil,lI,llMHp- cKoii _ 7%"'. OOMHMO «KAilCClf\leCKHX» Mil)KoplJTaplJoil H nponopl.\HOHaAb- Hoii eHeTeM cYl1lecTBYKYT H HX CMeWalJ1Jble H MOAJIQJl,u.(l1poBaH- Hble BaPHaHTbI. Hil Bbl60pax AenyraToB npe,ll,CTaBHTeAbHbIX opraHoB M)'HHQH- nahbHbIX 06pa30BaHHii MO.JKeT npHMeHHTbcH TaK Hil3b1BaeMil5l CMe- rnaHHiliI H36HpaTeAbHilil CHCT€Jl.Iil, KOTOpil5l Hil caMOM AeAe HBNleT- CS'I CO'J€TilHHeM 3/1.e'\:leHTOB MilJKOpHTapHOii H nponoPQHoHaAbHoii H30HpaTeAbHb!X CHeTeM, KOrAil OAHa 'JaeTb npeACTaBHTei\bHOI'O opraHa H3611paeTCH no Mil)KOpHTaplIOH, ilAPyraH -no nponopqHO- HaAbHoii H30lIpaTeAbHOii eHCTeMe. B .:ITOM eAyqae AOCTHraeTC.II no- i\O.JKHTeAbHblM 3q>cpeKT HCnOi\b30BilHHH TOM H Apyroii CHCTeMbl. Opn BbIoope cMellIilHHoM 1130HpaTeAbHOii CHCTeMbI KaK cnoc06a q>OpJl.!HpOBaHWI npe,ll,eTaBllTel\bHoro opraHil M}'HlIQHIIili\bHOrO 00- pa30BdHIDI CJ..e1>Yf!r HCXOAIITb H3 OnlJCilHHblX BbIllle OCOOeHHOCI"eII. B'lilCTHOCTM, 1130paHHe 'Jacm: AenyraTOB npe.lI,CI'ilBlI'I"ehbHOro opra- Hil no nponOPQHOHaAbHOH CHcreJ,le 6YAeT HeHbIM, eCAH KOAH'l.eCTBO 1J30HpaeMbIX no .:ITOH CIJCTeMe AenyrilTOB 6YAeT Jl.!eHb- rue 20. J.1cnOAb30BilHHe cMellIilHHoii H36npaTeAbHOii CHCT€MbIQeAe- coo6pa3HO B KpynHbIX M)'HHl.\HlIillIbHbIX 00pa30BilHWlX loco6emu, B ropOACKllX OKpyrax C 6oJu.nnfI\1 'lHCi\OM H30HpaTeJ\eM). 19BH6opblB PoccI1QcKOit: <DeAepai.\lJl'J. 2005 cmnlCTIlKd. M,2006.C.16 32 
YTO KaCaeTCfl B03MOJKHOCTeH npeACTaBlITeJ\bCTBa, TO npM npM- MeHeHMH M<DKopHTapHOH CHCTeMhl B HeBhIroAHOM nOAOJKeHMH OKCl3hIBaIOTOI MeAKlie napTHH, He 6yAYT npeACTaBAeHhI HlITepeChI 3llil'lMTeAhHOH '1aCTM H36Hp<neAeii:, 'IbM rOAoca (mpoI!<JAYT" B Mil- JKOpMTapHblX OKpyrax. OpM HCnOAh30BaHHM nponOPQMOH3.AbHOH CHCTeMbi B napAaMeHTe OKaJKeTCH CAlfWKOM II-IH0ro napTIul, 'JTO 3a"IpyAHHTqK>pMlfposaHHe npaBMTeJ\bCTBa, a AenyraTbI 6YA)'TnOA- '1llHeHhI napTHHHbIM HHTepeCaM H OTopBaHhI OT H300paTeAetf. OpH COBMeCTHOM npMMeHeHHH o6eHx CHCTeM KpynHbIe nap- THH, '1hM AenyraThI 6YAYT H36paHbI B oKpyrax, ypaBHOBeC.5ITC.5I cpeAHMMH H MeAKMMlf napTHHMM ('1eMY cnoc06cTByeT nponop- IJ;MOHc1AbHaJI cHcTeMa). B pe3YAbT3Te 6YAYT MaKCHM<lAbHO np£!A- CTaBAeHhI HHTepeCbl HIDHpaTeAeH. B TO JKe Bpern KpyIIHhIe nap- TllM COCTaB.5IT OCHOay napi\3MeHTcKoro 60Ab1lll1HCTBa, 'JTO n03BOAlIT C<POpMHpOBaTb YCTOtftmBoe npaBHTeAbCTBO. OTAeAbHbIe AenYTaTbI YJKe He TaK JKeCTKO nOA'JHHeHhI nap- THtfmH aepxyun<:e, nOCKOAbK}' "MelOT B03MO)KHOCTb nOMI1MO yqac- TIIH B na(Yl1!iiHHx cnHcKax H36HpaTbOJ: B OKpyrax, craHOB5ICb 6AH- JKe K H36"paTeMlM. B HaCTO.5lrn;ee BpeMfi nponOPQMOH3.AbHble CHCTeMbI npHMeH.5I- lOTCH BO MHOrllX 3apy6eJKHblX CTpaHCIX, B TOM 'iHCAe B <DMHA.II.H- AIIH.. lllBeHu;ap"H.. I.llBeIJ;MM, HOpBerMM, ABcrpliH, EeAbrHH. rAdB- Hoe OTJ\lJ'me nponOpIJ;IIOH<lAbHbIX 113611paTeAbHbIX CI1CTeM OT Ma- JKOpHTap"blX COcrO"T B TOM, '1TO OH" C"IpO.5lTC.5I He Ha np"HIJ;"ne 60i\hWI:IHCTBa, aHa np"HIJ;une nponOpIJ;tWHaAbHOCTII MeJKA)' nOAY- '1eHHhIMH M3HAaTaMH H rOAOC3MH H36HpaTeJ\eH, oTAaHHhIM" B nOMepJKKY 3TIIX KaHAMAaTOB, Ha OTHOCHTeAhHOM COOTBeTCTBHH MeJK,ll,yKoAlf'leCTBOM rOAOCOB H KOAlf'lecraoM MaIJAiITOB. CMernaH- HaJI HIDHpaTeAbHaJI CHCTeMa, npM KOTOpOHAonyCKaeTCfI OAHOBpe- MeHHoe nCnOAh30BaHHe 3AeMeHTOB pa3i\n'iHblX li36HpaTeAhHblX CMCTeM npHMeH.5leTCfI B <DPr, J.1TMI1:M, RnOHHH H HeKOTophlX APY- rIlx CTpaHCIX. B 3a.BHCllMIXTII OT COQTHOllieHIffi 3AeMeHTOB MaJKoptITap"OCTH H nponOPQHOHaAbHOCTII CMernaHHble tl36HpaTeJ\hHbIe CHCTeMbI MOryr 6bITb CMMMeTpll'lHhIMM AR60 3ClfMl',leIpll'lHHIllH. Op" HCnOJ\b3OBaHHH CMMMeTpM'IHOH CMelllilHHOH CMCTeJl.lhI no- AOBHHil 'lI\.eHOB napAaMelITa H36MpaeTCfI no MaJKOpMTapHOll CHC- 33 
TeMe, nOAOBHHil - no nponOpl.\HOHilAbHOH. 06e CHCTeMhI Ha PaB- HbIX BAIDlIOT Hil qx>PNlIpOBilHH€ napAaMeHTa. ACHI'1MeTpWUiCb1 CM€WaHHa.l1 CHCTeMa npeAflOAd.raeTHepaBHOP COOTHOllIeHHe 311.eMeHTOB Ma)KOpHTapHOCTH H npOnOpl.\HOHaAb- HOCTH. Hanpl.JMep, npl.J BhIDoPax flapAaMeHTa rpY3l.Jl.J 85 Aenyra- TOB l.J36HpaK>TCSI no MID/(OpHTapHoti CHCTeMe, 150 - no nponop- l.\HOHaAhHOll: 2OJ . B HaCTOSlll\ee Bpe:o.uI HaMeTHAaCh cTotiKa.l1 TeHAeHLlHH (oco- BeHHo B crpaHilx, HeAaBHO Hil'laBWHX CTpoHTh CBOIO rocYAapcT- BeHHOCTh) HcnOll.h30BaTh cMewaHlfYIO H36l1paTelI.hH)'lO CHCTeJl.I}' H He OTBaTh npeAIlO'fTeHHe K1lKoii-AH60 CHCTeMe B KAaCCH'ieCKOI'I BH,lI,e. Bo MHOrID:: COBpe'I€HHhIX rocYMPcTBaX TaKdSf CliCTeM3 npH- MeH.l1eTC.I1 npH H3BPaHHH HlfJKHeH nMaTbI napAd.MeHTa. Cp HeTPilAMqHOHHhlX H36HpaTell.hHbIX CHCTeI'>! c/\efj;jeT OT- MeTIITh YCAO.JKHeHHhl€ npOilOpl.\HOHaAbHhIe CHCTeMhI C pa3AH'fHhI- MH HOBOBBeA€lHmMH, CM.I1I"'1illOll\HMH llX HeAOCTaTKIf H 06ecne'lH- BatOil.\llMH 11M OTAll'me aT (cKAaccH'iecKoH" npOlIOPLllJOH3/\hHOH CH- CTeMhl. TaKHe CHCTeMhl HepeAKO HM€H)'lOT MOAHc:lJH lIAH nOAynpOIlOPl.\HOHaAbHhIMH Cp TaKl1X cHcreM BhJAeMilOT: CHCTe'\1d.l'/>,I1HCTBeHHoro HeilepeAaBi:leMUro I'OAOCi:I (OrpaHH- 'ieHHhIH BcrJyM); KYMYMTHBHhIH BOT}'M; CHCTeMa €AHHCTBeHHOrO n€pe,II,<lBil€MOro rOAoca, npe4JepeHl.\HaAbHOe rOIlOCOBaHHe; mlliaWHpOBaHfie. J.136HpaTell.hHilll CHCTeI\'la, npH KOTOpOll: H36HpaTell.h B MHoro- Ma1fAB.THOM OKpyre rOAQcyeT TOlI.hKO 3a 0AHoro KalWfAaT3 la He 3a napTllll:HhIH cnHCOK), n CT3HOB.I1TC.I1 HeCKOll.hKO KaH- M'fNITOB (no 'lHCAY MaHA3TOB B OKPyre), APyr 3aAPyroM Hil6paBWllX Han6oll.hwee 'iHCAO rOAocOB, Ha3hIBaeT01 cHCTeMOH eAHHCTBeHHO- I'O HenepeMBa€Moro rOAoca. '" KoHcTInyu;HOIflU.>B (rocyAdPcrneHHoe) IIpaBU 3dpy6eJKHbIX ctpdH: Y'fe6. f>I\.II cryAeHTOB fOPIfA. B)'30B II $-TOB. T 3. Oco6elllid.ll'lden.. CTpaHbI EBponbl I OrB. PBA. E.A CrpailI)'H M.. 1999. C 112. 34 
Oco6eHHOCTblO AaHHOif CHCTeMbI HBNleTC.II TOT ltJaKT, 'lTO no OAIUJM npH3HaKaM (MHOCOMBHAaTHbIH OKPYC) OHa nponOPltHO- HMbHB.!!, HO COI\OCOBBHHe HAeT KaK npM MB>KOpHTapHOH CMCTeMe (OAMH COAOC 3a OARoea KaHAUAaTa). HepeAKo C1ICTeM}' e.AHHCTBeHHoro HenepeAasaeMoro COAoca HB- 3blBalOT CHcreMOH orpdHl1'IeHHoro B01}'MB. TClK KaK 1136u:pmeJ\b IIMe- eT MeHbwe rQAOCOB (1), 'leM HMO j.{36piJI'bAerryraToB (HeCKOAbKO). CpH AOCTOHHCTB TOH ClICl'eMbI HE'o6xOAHMO BI'\l1Tb CAP- AJ1OJ.IJ;He: I) KaK npaBHAo, Bce AOcToHHbIe M nonYJ'JIpHble KBlfAHAiITbI npoiiAyr B nap.MMeHT (a He OMIH 3a C'IeT ApyrDCO; H36pa- HHe oARoro He 6yAeT 03HB'laTb HeH3f¥JaHl1e APyrn:X): 2) 'laCTb rOAOCYeT 3a OARoro KaHAHABTa, 'lBCTh - 3a APyrHX, no'lTIl Bce KaIJAHABTbI 6yr.yr 1136pBHbI, II TalUfM 06PB30M B napAaMe:me 6YNfl: arpB>KeHB BCWI no'lTIl BCex 1136HpB'l'B'\£'H rAaBHbli! HeAOCTaTOK CI1CTeMbI - OHa MO.>KeT NHb HeOlKlIAdH- HbIe, nopoH Kypbe3HbIe pe3YAbTBTbI. CMcTeMa eAHHCTBeHHoro HenepeAaBaeMoco COAoca (ocpaHII- 'leHHOea BOTyMa) XOpOlliB AMI c'IpaH C pa3BHTbIM llHAHBHA)'aJ\H3- MOM Bcero HBceAeHlUI, rAe He npHHSlTO «Bb/AeNlThC.I!», II norryAAp- HOCTh, AMAepCTBO HaAAPyrl1MH arAeAbHbIX AH'IHOCreH He npHBeT- CTB}'eTCH (HBr1PHMep, AMI JlnoHIUl). KYMYAIlTHBHblH BOTyM arAH'laeTCfI ar OrpilHH'leHHOrO TeM., 'lTO B MHorOMilHABTHOM oKpyre H36HpilTeAb HMeeT CTOAbKO JKe roAO- COB, CKOAbKO II MBHAaTOB, HO OH MO.IKeT paCnOPHAHThCfI CBOHMII rOAQCaMM no JKeAamllO. HanpliMep, arA3Tb no rOAOCY A}"IllIHM, C ero TO'lKH 3peHHfI, KaHAHAaTBM IIJ\H Bce rOAoca OAHOII-I}' 113 HHX, HJ\H paCnpeAeAHTh IIX nO-IIHOII-I}'. rJ\.BBHOe AOCTOHHCTBO ::iTOH CHCI'e'lbl - MdKCHMaAbHBfI B03- MO)KHOCTb AMI 1136MpaTeJ'Jl BbIpa3HTb CBOII npeArrO'lTelUlfl, CBO- 60Aa MaHespa. HOCTaTKH KYMyAATHSHOCO BO'I}'MB: I) CHCl'eMaAOCTffi'O'lHOCAOJKHafl; 2) pe3YIlbTaT rOAOCOBdHIDI HerrpeAcKa3yeM (eCAlf TbICfI'IH H3- 6Hp<l".I'el\eii: 6yr.yr MdHllilYAllpoBaTb CBOIIMH rOAocaMH no 3S 
)KeAaHHlO, pe3YJ\bTaTbI MOryr 5b1Th CaMblMH HeO)KlfAaH- HhIMH), 3) >JPYAHO BhIHBHTh AeHCTBJITeAhH)'lO BOl1lO H36HpaTeAeH. TaK KaK HeT eAllHOH 'ClllKaAhI H3MepeHItSI.J; 4) eCTh pHCK, '>TO orpoJ\.lHoe '>"CAO rOAOCOB (60Ahlllee, ,>eM npH CHCTeMe eAHHCTBeHHoro HenepeA3BaeMoro rOAoca) <lKKYMYAHpYeTOI Y 0AHoro K<lH,ll,HAaT<l, a OCTaAhHhIe Hec- KOAhKO KaJ-W1A<lTOB 6yAYI' H36pclllhI HBHblM MeHhlillfHCTBOM., HO '>HCAeHHO 6yAYI' npeBOCXOAlJTb cBepxrronYMlpHOrO AII- Aepa. TaIOKe c}'ll\ecTayeT cncreMa eAllHCTBeHHOrO nepeA"BaeMOro rOAoca, KOTOpaJI OOceAllIDIeT B ce5e ,>ePTbi orpaH1:l,>eHHoro 11 KY- MYMlTHBHOro BOTyMOB, npe4>epeHGHMbHoe I'<JJI.OCOBaHHe, KorAa H36HpaTeAb rOAOCYeT KaK 3a IIapTHHHblH cnHcOK, TaK H 3a KOHK- peTHbIX KaHAMAdTOB AaHHoro Cn"CKa, TeM caMbIM BAlI.!I.!I Ha pac- CTaHOBKY KaH,l>,HAaTOB BlryrpH cnHCKa Ii o,>epeAHOCTb IIOA}"IeHliH HMHAenyraTcKllX MilH,ll,aTOB, <l TaIOKe naHalIIHpoBaHHe -B03MOJK- HOCTb rOAOCOBaTh 3a KaH,l>,HAaTOB H3 pa3HbIX IJapTHHHbIX CIIHCKOB HAll caMOMY AonOAHlITeAhHO BnHCbIBaTh B 610AAeTeHh <!JaMHAHH HOBblXK<lHAiJAiITOB. YCI8HOBIIeHHe tITOroB roAOCOBaID!$! H orrpeAeAeHHe pe3}'J\bTaTOB BblOOpOB IIOABOAMT <:BOeOepa3HyJo ,>epTY IIOA BOAel13"h$1BAeHI1eM 113- 6lipaTeAeH. floPHAOK nOAc'>eTa roAOCOB H:6HpaTeA€H H y<:TillI0Blle- HHH pe3YJ\bTaTOB BbI60pOB pery /I)eAepaAbHbIM 3aKOHOM ,,06 OCHOBHhIX rapaHTllilX li36Hp<JI'eAbHHX 1Ipa.a Ii IIpaw Ha }"IilCTIIe B pe4Je rpaJKAaH PoccmiCKOH <D8AepalJ)fHI>, HHbIMll <!J€Ae- paAbHhIMll 3ilK0Hill\m, SaKOHaMH Cy6'heKTOB POCCHHCKOD <1>eAepa- GHH, a IIpH npoBeA€Hlllf BhI60pOB B OpraHhI !\lecIHOro CaMoyrrpaB.ll.€- HWI TaK.JKe H yCTaBaMI1 M)'HI1GlJIIaAhHblX o5pa30BaHHH. OpH 370M oc06o orOBapHBaJOTCH o,>epeAHOCTb AeHCrBHH 1-136l1paTeAbHhlX KO- MliCCI1t:i pa3AW.JHoro ypOBH.!I.. IIOPHAOK IIOAC'>eTa "06pOOOTKH roAO- COB H36npa1'eJ1£ili, Tpe60BaHIDI, npeABMleMbIe K COCTaBAeHHIO IIpOTOKOJ\OB OOlITOffiX roAOCOBaHllil H pe3)'l'IhTaTax BhI6oPOB, npaBlilIa OIlpeA€\eHllil pe3)'J\bTaTOB BbIDOpoB, rapaHTIill rAaCHOCTH OC}'llIecr- BAeHIDl Bcex npoU;€A)'p, CIDl3aHHhIX C nOAC'IeTOM roAOCOB H YCTaHOB- AeHlIeM pe3YAhTaTOB IJ01IeIITh.IIB/ 1136rrpaTeAell J6 
B COOTBeTCTBli1i CO CT. 56 <DeAepaAbHOrO 3aKOHa «06 OCHOB- HhIX rapaHTIHIX 1:!361ip<rreAbHbIX npaB Ii npaBa H3 yqacTlIe B pe4>e- peHA)'Me rPdlKAdH PocCirnCKoii <DeAepaQIiIi» OOAC'IeT roAOCOB H3- 6lipaTeAeH Ha'llfHdeTCH cPa3Y nOCAe OKOH'ldHIDI BpeMeHH roAOCO- BdHIiH Ii npOBoAHTCH 6e3 nepepblBCI AO yCTClHoBAeHIiH IiTorOB rOAOCOBaHHH, 0 KOTOpblXAOAJKHbI 6bITb 1i3BelLleHbI ace 'l/I.eHb! yqa- CTKOBOH 1i3611pClTeAbHOii KOI'lI1CCI1H, a TaK..>Ke Hd6MOAa,TeAH. 31'0 -rpe6oBaHl1e 3aKOHa npeChejl,}'eT qeAl1 06ecne'leHIDI TaKofi npoqe- AYPbI BhIHBAeHIDI morOB I'OAOCOBdHI1H, KOTOpdH CBOAfu\a 6bl Hd HeT B031'10)KHOCTH MaHlfIIyASlLlliH C H3611pdTeAbHbIMIi 61OAl1eTeIDI- MH nOCAe OKOH'l3HIDI rOAOCOBdHIDI HhI:! BO Bpe!\UI nOAC'IeTd I'OAO- COB. OrcryIIAeHlie OT Hero HBMle-rCH cepbe3HbIM HilpymeHl1e!\IH3- 611p3TeAbHOl'0 3aKOHOAdTeAbCTBa, AdlOrn;HM BeCKlie OCHOBaHHB CTdBI1Tb pe3yI'\bTaThI l"UhOCOBdHliH H3 11361IpdTeAbHOM yqaCTKe lIOA COMHeHl1e. npH xapdKTepHCfHKe lIOPMKa IIOAC'Ie-ra rOAOCOB 11 YC- TaHOBl\eHIiB I1Toroa rOI\OCOBdHIiB Hd 1136lipaTeAbHOM }"IdCTKe BaJKHO TaKJKe HMeTb B BI:!AY, 'lTO 3aKOHOAdTeAbCTBO AeTaAbHO pe- ryAHpYeT BeCb I1lITerpaA AeHCTBI1H }"IdCTHIiKOB 3Toro npoqeccd, oco60 oroBdpHBilSI, '1TO B CA}"Id:SIX H nOPHAKe, rrpeA)fCl\IOTpeHHb!X iPeAepaAbHbIIIIH 33KOHaMH.. 3dKOHaMH Cy6'beKTOB POCCHHCKOH <De- AepdqHH, }"I3CTKOBbIe 1:!36lipdTIMbHbie KO!\1H:CCI1H BnpdBe I1CIIOAb- 30BdTb lIPH 1'0AOCOBdHHH Hd BbIDopax TeXHH'leCKHe CP€ACTBa nOA- C'IeTa rOI\OCoa, a TOM '1HCAe CKaHepbll136HpdTeAbHblX 61OMeTe- Heif. J.1TorH I'OAOCOBdHHH, rrOAyqeHHbIe C lIOMOrn;blO YKd3aHHblX TeXHWleCKI1X cpeACTB, BBAJlIOTCH npeABapHTeAbHOii, He t.JMelOlLleii IOPlIAH'IeCKOH Ct.JAbI llH4>opMdqHeH, eCAI1 IiHoe He ycrdHoBAeHO iPeAepaAbllliIllH 33KOHilJl.IIL 3dKOHaMH Cy6'beKTOB POCCHHCKOH <De- Aepal..jHll. Ha OCHOBaHIUl nepBbIX 3K3eMlIA.llpOB npOTOKOAOB }"IdCfKOBbIX H36lipaTeAbHbLX KO!\1H:CCHii 06 I1Torax rOAOCOBdHWI H nOCAe npeA- BapHTeAbHOii npoBepKH npdBHAbHOCTI1HX COCTaBAeHHH COOTBeT- CTB}'IOUJ;dH BblweCTO.!UJaSl l-I36t.JpdTeAbHaH KOMl-ICCHSI nyreM CYM- MllpOBdHHH cOAepJKall\l.JXCH B HIiX AdHHblX YCTaHilBAI1B3eT morH rOAOCOB3HtUI H3 TePpl-lTOpl-lli, B OKpyre, B Cy6'beKTe POCCt.Ji-J:cKOH <De,II,epal..jHll, B POCCHHCKOH <DeAepdLlHH. no 061L1eM)' npaBllAY KdHl\l:!AdT npl-l3HileTCH H36paHlillM B CAY- 'lae, eCAI1 3a Hero nOAdHO 60AblllHHCTBO rOAOCOB 1:!36HpaTeAeH, 37 
IIpUlUlBlmlX yqaCTHe B roAOCOBilHHH. BM€CTe C TeM CAe;qe:r IlOA- 'lepKH}'Tb, 'ITO B 3aBHCHMOCTII OT BUM H ypOBH5l Bbl6opoB 3ilKOHO- AdTeAbCTBO MOJKeT npeAYCMa-rpHBilTb B Kil'leCTBe YCAOBH5l, Heo6- XOAMMOro AA5l H36PilHH5l, IlOA}"IeHHe KilIWIAilTOM il6cOAlOTHOrO, KBaAl:I4>llQHPOBilHHOrO HAll OTHOCirre.AbHOro BDTy1'>!a AOBepH5l H3- 6HpilTeAen. ECAH npHMeIDI€Mil5l Hil BblOOpax MaJKOpHTilplIil5l H36H- paTeAbHa51 CHCTeMil -rpe6yeT AA5l n06eAbl nOA}"IeHH}I a6COAtOTHOrO (50% nAlQC OAMH rOAOC) 60AblllHHCTBil rOAOCOB H36HpilTeAeH, TO AA5l Bbl5lBAeHH5l H36pilRHorO KilHAHAilTil B cAyq:ile Heo6x:OAllMOCTII npeAYCMilTpHBaeTC5l BTOpoH T}'P rOAOCOBilHH5l OH npOBOAllTC5l, eCAll Hil 06lL\HX Bbl60pax HHKTO H3 sapernCTpnpoBilHHblX KilH,ll,H- NITOB He Hil6pilA a6COAlOTHOrO 60AbllIHHCTBil rOAOCOB H36upare- Aen. ECAH JKe M5I H36pilHH5lAOCTilTO'lHO 1l0A)"lHTb OTHOCHTeAbHoe 60AbllIHHCTBO rOAOCOB ll300pilnAeH, npHIDIBllIHX yq:acrne B 1'0/\0- CoBilHHH, TO P€3yAbTilTbI Bbl60pOB BCerAil OnpeAeNlIOTC5l no liTO- raM o6lL\ero ro/\OCOBilHHSI, BCAeACTBl1e ..ero lIoBTOpHoe rOAOCOBa- HHe lIPH TilKOH 4>opJl,I}'Ae lIOAc..eTa roAOCOB He lIpeAYCl\1aTpHBaeT- CD. OAHilKO Heo6xOAHMO nOMHHTb, '1TO AJI5l Hs6pilHHD B ::ITOM cAyqae KilHAHAilT AOJUKeH Hil6paTb HaH60AbllIee KOAll'leCTBO I'OAO- COB no OTHOllIeHHlO KApyI'OJI,I}' KilHAHAaTY (AP}'TIfM KilHAHAilTilM), a TiltOKe 60AbllIee, '1e!>1 <{HCAO rOAOCOB H36HpaTlMeH, nO,M.HHblX npo- rnBBceXB. 3cpcpeKTlfBHOCTb H36HpaTeAbHoi{ CHCTeMbl B AlO60H cTpaHe 3a- BHCliT oT QeAoro p5IAil cpaKTOpOB. 31'0 MOIKeT 6bITb He TOAbKO npo- QeAYPil IlOACI.JeTa rOAOCOB HAll npOQ€AYPil nepeCI.JeTil. HO H APYflile 4>aKTopbl, CPeAH KOTOphlX BaIKHyro pOAb HrpalDT napTHH - HX 4>YHKl\HH, pOAb H COCTilE. TaKHM 06pil30M, COBepllIeHCTBOBaHHe H36npaTeAbHoH CHCTe- Mbl C QeAblO HilH60Aee nOllHoro H TO'lHOro OTpil.JKeHH5l BOAll H36H- paTeAei1, }"IeTil HX ro/\OCOB, a TalOl<e MilKCHMaJ\.bHO 3ctJcpeKTllBHoi1 AeHTeAbHOCTH Bbl6paHHblX AHq H opraHOB - OAlla H3 HilH60Aee Ba>KHbIX 3il,l1,illl AeMOKpilTHIl€CKoro rOCYAilpCTBa. 
rJ1asa 3 Bbl60Pbl MHCWITYTOB nY6JlM....HOVI BflACTM PA3flM....Horo YPOBHH B POCCMVlCKOVI CDE.QEPAUMM BbI60pw11 113611paTeAbHillI CHCTeMa B POCCIUl IDIelOT AOCTaTO<i- HOAAIITeAbH)'lO (c<iHTa.!l C HOBropoACKOIl ii pecny6AHKI1 11 3eMCIGIX c060poB XVI-XVII BB.), HO npepblBllC"I)'IO I-ICTOpl1lO. B lliJ.'laAe XX BeKd nepBillI PYCCKillI peBOhlOQIDI npI-IBeAa K pa3- pa60TKe B 1905 r. 3dKOHa 0 Bw50pax B nepB}'JO rocYMPCTBeHlIYJO Ary. OAllilKO 3TOT SdKOH HeAb351llil3BdTb nOAHOCTblO AeMOKpd- Tlf'IHblM., TdK KdK OH 06ecne'lI1BdA HepaBHoe npeACTdBI1TeAbCTBO pa3HblM COlUffiAl>HblM rpyrmaM. 3a BeCb nepJ10A cBoero cyrn:eCTBo- BaHI-I5I (190&-1917 IT.) rOCYAapCTBeHHa5I f1yr.rn 11-IDIIPdAdCb 'leTbI- pe pa3a, ABa.JKAbl pacnycKaAaCb qapeM AOCPOtlHo. OpdBd 3Toro np\¥,craBirreJ\bHoro oprdHd 5b1A11: O'leHb OrpaHlf'IeHbl. B cOBeTcK}'1O 3noxy, nOCAe nepexoAa K OAHOnapTIlHHOH CI1CTe- Me, Bw50pbl npl-106pehH 'lUCTO qx>PMaAbHblH xapaKTep, npeBp3TK- AHCb B «(Bbr60Pbl 6e3 Bbl6opa». C KOHqa 80-x rf. XX B. OOi\OJKeHl-le Hdt,lMO KdPAHHd.i'lbHO l'Ie- H5ITbC.!I. CHa'JaAa B Ot,leHb OfpaHI1'1eHHOM Macwra6e Ha Bbl50pax B MeCTHble opraHw BAaCTK B 1987 r., d 3aTeM llJlipOKO B 1989 r. H3 Bbl- 50pax C'be3j\,d HdPOAHbIX AerryrdTOB CTaAO npHMeIDrI'bal dIlbTeplld- THBHOe rol\OCOBaHl1e - y 113611paTel\eH n05lBI1AdCb dJ\bTepHdTHBa BbI60pa. OAHaKO 11 TOfAd, Hd BbIDopax 1989 r., 'ldCTb Mecr 6bl1\d lId- nepeA 3dpe3epBllpoBdHd 3d KrICC Bw60pw HaPOAHbIX AerryrdTOB B POCCI1HCKOH tDeAePaLIHI1 roA CnyCT.!I OTBepfJ\l1TaKOH nOp5IAOK KdK dHTI.JAeMOKp3TlI'1eCIGIH. 17 MapTa 1991 r. COCTOHI\C5I nepBblH B I1CTO- pHH crpaHw BcelldpoAHhlll peiPepeHAyM, d 12 I1lOH5I TOfO JKe roM - nepBble B HCTOplUl POCCHH npe311#?HTCKlJe Bbl60pbl. HbIHeWH5ISlI136HpaTeAbHd.SI CI1CTeMa POCCI1J1 C'\IDKJ1\.dCb B pe- 3YAbTaTe KpynHOMacwra5HOHI136l1p3TeAbHOH pe<1JopMbl 1993- 1995 rf., H3'13Bwet:icH BceH3pOAHblM rOAOCOB3HI1eM 12 AeK35pH 39 
1993 r. HOBOti: KOHcrHH POCCHti:OCOti: (})eAepaqIin n HdllIeA- llIeH AaJU.HeHllIee BbIpdJKeHlJe B (})€AePaJUilihiX 3dKOHdX ,,06 oc- HOBHblX rapaHTHfiX H36HpdTeAbHbIX npaB rpaJKAdH Poccnti:cKoti: (})eAepaLlnnl>, ,,0 Bbl60pax Ope3lfAeHTa Poccnti:cKoH (})eJl.epa- LInn'), .cO BI.l6opaxAeII)'TOfOB rOCYAapc-reelllioti: AyjbI cI>eAepaJU.- HOro Co6paHIDI Poccnti:cKoti: (})€Aepaqlllll), (cO nOPHAKe 4>oPMHpO- BaHI1H COBeTa (})€AepdLl;lJl1 cI>eAepaJU.Horo Co6paHI151», ('0 pee- peHAYMe Poccnti:CKofi: <De,/I,epaL{III-I}) /1Iill coBepWeHCTBOBaHHfI pOCCI1ti:CKOti: 1136Hpa'1'efU>HOH CHCTe- MI.l Heo6xOAHMO: - OC}'llIeCTBheHHe peaJU.Horo pa3AeheHH5I BhdcreH, 'ITO pac- WHpllhO 6bI 113611paTeAbHOe nOhe, a cheAOBaTeAbHO, cno- C06CTBOBaAO 6bI AaAbH€HW€H A€MOKpdnf3dqlJlI CTPdHI.!; - AeMOKpaT1{3a1.\lUI nH<1JopMClqIiOHHOH BAaCTH CMH, 06ecne- 'leHlle rOCYAdpCTBOM paBeHCTBd B03NlOJKHOCTeH AMI Bcex yqaCTHHKOB BI.160poB. HblH€WHIDI pOCCI1HCKd5I 113611paTehI.HdH CI1CTeMd onllpaeTC5I Hd onhIT P5lAa eBponetkKnx rOCYAapCTB I{ CUlA, nMelOW;I{X 60ra- TbIe npaBOBbIe Tp3AllqnlL HMeeT MeCTO CYJKAeHl1e, 'ITO B COBpe- MeHHoH lJ3611paTeAbHOH cnCTeMe eCTb HeKOTOpble HeAOIJeTbI, HO BdJKHO TO, 'ITO 113611p<neJ\bHb1il MeXdHI13M B Hdwell CTdHe C03J>,dH 1:1 pd6OTde-r, d Bbl60pbl HBJVI"lOTC5I Heo6xoAHMb[M YChOBlieM. OCHO- BOH AeIOKpdTHH, rhdBHI.IM H IIdH60hee <JAeKBdTIlI.IM BbIpdJKeHHeM BOhlI HClpO,M.. PClCCMC1IpHM nONJ06He Bbl50pbI IIHCTInyroB ny6.AHIJHUfi: WlaC- TH pd3AH1.JHOrO ypoBHfI B POCCllHCKOH (})eAepaL\HH. 3.1. BbI60phI npe3HAeHTa PocornClWil: (J)eAepaqHU Ope311AeHT PoccntiCKoti (})eAepalllJn H36npaeTCH rpa*A3IIdMn POCCHtiCKOti (})€Aepaw:ll1 lId OCHose Bceo6W;ero paBHOro n np5lMO- ro n36HpdTeAbHOrO npaBd npH TaHHOM rOhOCOBdHHn. YIJaCTHe IpaJKAillillHd POCCllHCKOH (})€Aepa:II1 B BI.l60pax Ope- 3HAelITd POCCI1HCKOH (})€AepaIJ;1I11 HBA5leTCfI CB060AHbIM 11 A06po- BOAbHbIlII. HHKTO He Bnpaae OKd3I.IBdTb B03JI,eHCTBHe lId IpaJKAdHII- 40 
Ha PocafrICKOll: <DeAepaI.\HH C qehblQnpHH}'"AHTh ero K}"I3CI'HlO Will HeyqaCTlUO B B1>IOOpaX npe311AeHTa POCCI1t:iCKOi1 <DeAepaqml, a TalOKe npeilllTCTBOBdTb era CBo60AHoM)' BOAelJ3bHB.I\E'IUUO. BbI60p1>1 npe3lfAeHTa POCCJJi1CKOi1 <DeAepaQJJH npOBOAHTCSI no eAJJHOMY (}JeAepaAbHOMY JJ30JJpaTehbHOM)' OKPyry, BKAIO'lalO- llteMY B ceGH BCIO Teppl1TOpl11O POCCHll:CKOt:i <DeAepaQI1I1, B CpO- KJJ, yCTdHOBAeHH1>I€ KOHCTJJ1)'LllJ€ll: POCCJJi1CKOi1 <DeA€paQJJJJ 11 <DeAepaAbHblM 3aKOHOM OT 10 HHBapH 2003 r N 19-<D3 «0 BbIGO- pax npe31f,l\,eHTil POOCHll:CKOH iPeAepaQHH»21, H RBNliOTCH oful3a- TehbHblNI1. nOAI"O"IOBK}' 11 npOBeAeHl1e BbIOOpOB npe3l1,/\eHTd POCCIli1CKOi1 <DeAepaQIIII ocyw;eCTBA.lllOT - l.jeHTpaAbHaH 113GI1paTeJ\bHaH KOMI1CClIH POCCIiHCKOH <De- AepaI.\HIi; - H36HpaTeJ\bHb!e KONHCCHH cy6'beKTOB POOCHll:CKOH <DeAe- paQHH: - TeppHTOpHdAbHble 113611paTeAbHbIe KOMI1CCI1I1 - paHoH- Hwe, I'OpoACKlle I1AP}'TI1eTeppmupHaAbHb!e H36l1paTeAbHbIe KO'\:lIiCCIiIi IiAIi H36lipaTeAbHbIe KONIiCCIiIi NYHliqHnaAb- HbIX oGpa30BaHIIi1, Aet:iCTByrolltHe B ChyqaslX, npeAYCMOT- peHHbLX <DeAE!paAbHbII'1 3dKOHON {(06 OCHOBHbIX rapaHTHSIX 1l36HpaTeJ\bHblX npaB H npaBa Ha yqacme B pepeHAYI'le rpiDKAilH POCCHll:CKOH <DeAepaQHH>J, B Ka'leCTBe TepplITO- pll1l.l\bHblX 1l36Hp<rI'€\.hHbIX KOMHCCIIH; - Y"IaCTKOBble 113611pcrreJ\bHbIe KOMHCCI1H 2 '. npH nONOTOBKe Ii nJX1Be,11,€HHH Bbl6opoB npe3HAeHTaPoccmi- CKOH <DeAepaI.\IIH HcnOJ\b3}'eTCH rOCYAapcrBeHHaH aBTONaTH3IipO- BaHRaH CI1CTeMa PoccHt'iu:ofi <DeAepaQIII1 «Bbl6opbl» (rAC «BLI- OOpb1»). nOpHAOK HCnOJ\b30BaHIDI rAC «Bb16oPbl» onpeAeA.lleTCH LteHTpaAbHOH 1136Hp<rreJI.bHOii KOMHccHefi POCCHll:CKOH <DeAepa- qHlI B COOTBeTCI13HH C <DeAepaAbHbIM 3aKOHOM OT 10 RHBapH 2003 r. !I CM. IDeAepdJ\.hHblii 3aKOH OT 10 RHBapJl2003 r. NQ 19.<!J3 ,,0 Bbl50pax npe3llAftITil PocoulCKOil4>eAepal\lllJ» II cnc «KOHCYI'lbT<!.HT WUOC». ""TaM;/Ke 41 
NQ 20-@3 "0 rOCYAapCTBeHHOii aBTOJ\.IBTlI3l1pOBaHHOii CHCTeMe PocoilkKOii @eAepaIUiH "BbI6oPbI"». Ope3HAelITOM PocCHiicKOii cI>eAepaqlUf MO.JKeT ObITb 1136paH IpaJKA3HHH PoccmlCKOii <DeAepaQIfH He MOAO.JKe 35 J\.eT, IIOCTOflH- HO npoJKJ1BatOrn;llii B PoccHiicKOii @eAepau,HHHeMeHee 10 J\.eT. Ope3lfAeIIT POCCHll:CKOll: cI>eAepa.u;HH H30HpaeTCH IpaJKA3HaMH POCCHHCKOH @eAePaLll1:l1 Ha OCHOBe Bce0611\ero paHHOro II np.l1MO- ro 1i3oHpaTeAbHoro npaBa npH TaiiHoM rOhOCOBaHlIlI npll AOCTH- JKeHlfli 18-'TH J\.eTHero B03paCTa. B COOTBeTCTBHlI C 'I. I. CT. 81 KOHCfH1)'Q1111 P<XJ 1993 r. Ii CT. I @eAepaAbHoro3dKOHaOT30AeKdOp.l12008 r. N 6-<DK3 ,c06 H3Me- HeHI1H cpoKa IIOAHO/>IO'lHll: Ope3HAelITa POCCHll:CKOH cI>eAepdQHH H rOCYAdpCTBeHHoH AyMbI)), Ope3HAeHT POCCHHCKOH <D€Aepau,HH H36HpaeTc.I1 HCI cpoK6l1.eT. 3aKOHQ,lI,aTehbCTBO 0 Bbl60pax Ope3lfAelITa POCCHiicKoii@eAe- paLIlUi COCTaBNUOT: KOHC111T}'lUIH POCCHHCKOH @eAepal..l;llH, @e- AepaAbHblll: 3aKOH OT 12 HlOHfI 2002 r. N 67-@3 «06 OCHOBHbIX rd- pillITlliIX H36HpareAbHbIX npdB H npaB3 HiJ. }"IBCTIle B peilJepeHA)'I>le IpaJKA<1H PoccnHCKOll: <!JeAepaflj)" cI>eAepaAbHbIH 3aKOH OT 10 HH- Bap.l1 2003 r NQ 19-@3 ,,0 BblOOpax OpeJHAeHTd POCCHHCKOH (!:Ie- AepaQHII'J 11 I1Hbie (j:JeAepahbHbIe 33KOHbl. B CIXJTBeTCfBHII C KOHCI'HT}'l\HeH POCCHHCKOH@eAepaL(HIIBbI- 60pbI Ope3HAeHTa PoccHiJcKOll:@eAepaQHHHa3H3QaeTCOBeT(!:Ie- A€paQlIlI @eAep3/l.bHoro C06PaHlIfi PocclIll:cKoii cI>eAepaLlHJ..I. Pe- weHlIe 0 Ha3Ha'leHHH Bbl60poB AOJ\.)imO 6bITb npHHHTO He paHee '1eM 3d 100 AHeH H He nOJAHee '1eM 3d 90 AHeH AO AHSI roAocoBaHHH. /vIeM rOhOCOBaHHH Hd Bbl60pax Ope3HAelITa POCCHHCKOll: <DeAe- pdqHH HBAJleTCfI BTopoe BOCKpeceHbe MecflLld, B KOroPOM npoBo- AHAOCb roAocoBdHHe Ha IIpeAbf.ll.YIl\liX 061l\l1X Bb!6opax OpeJlfAeH- Ta POCClliiCKOi1 Q)eAepaLIHlI H B KOTOpOM '1eTblpe rOAa TOM)' Ha33,O, Oblh H36paH Ope3HAeIIT Poccm-ICKOH cI>eAepaIJ;llI1. PeweHHe 0 Ha- 3Ha'leHI1H Bbl60pOB nOAl\.e}l(liT O<flHqIfilAbHOMY ony6AJiKOBalilllO B CpeACTBaX MaCCOBOH lIH<POPJ\.IBL(HH He n03AHee '1eM '1epe3 nflTb AHeii CO MISI ero nplIlUlTHSI He HMeeT npaBa H36llpaTh Ope3HAelITa PoccnllCKoii <DeAepa- LlHH 11 ObITb H36pdHHbIM Ope3HAelITOM POCCHHCKOll: cI>eAepdQHH, }"IBCTBoBaTh B HHbIX H30HpdTeAbHbIX Aell:CTBHfIX IpaJKA3HHH Poc- 42 
cnnCKon cDeAepaqnH, npH3HaHHbIn CYAOM HeAeecnoco6HbIM IfJill COAep1l«llqlnkH B MecTax AHllIemm CBo60Abl no npHrOBOPY cYAa; IpaJKAdHHH PoccHnCKon cDeAepaQHH, 3dHHMdlOll\HH Ha AeHb oqlll- qHdAbHOrO OnyDAHKOBdHlliI (nyDAllKaqHH) pellIeHHH 0 Hd3Hd'le- HHH Bbl60pOB Ope:UJAelITa POCCHnCKon <DeN:.>paQIIH AOAJKHOCTb Ope3IJAeHTa POCCIiHCKOH <DeAepaQHn BTOpOH CpoK I10APHA; OCY>K- AeHHbIH K AHweHnlO CBo6oAbI 3a COBepllIeHHe TH>KKOro II (IlAn) oco6o TR)l(Koro npecryIIAeHlliIli HMelOll\HH Ha AeHb rOAOCOBaHlliI HeCIDlryro n HenorameHH}'lO CYAliMOCTb 3a }'K33aHHOe npeC1)'IIAe- HHe; OC}')KAeHHbIH 3a COBeplIIeHlIe npecr}'n\eHnH 3KC'lpeMHCTCKOH HdnpaBheHHOCTH., IIpeA}'CMaIp€HHoro YI'OAOBHbIJII KOAeKCOM POC- CHHCKOi1 cDeAepaIJ;lIH, 11 lIMelOll\IDI Ha AeHb I"OAOCOBaHlliI HeCWI- T)'lO n HenorallleHH}'lO CYAHMOCTb 3d YKd3dHHOe npecTYIIAeHlle 3.2. BbI60pbI AerryrilToB rOCYNlpCTBeHHoH A}'MbI q>eAepaAhHOrO Co6pmnrn POCCUHCKOil:: q>eAepau;uu AenyraTbI rOCYA3pCTBeHHOH AyMbI <DeAepaAbHOro Cot5paHIDI POCCl1ikKOH <DeAepaqnn 1136upaIOTcR rpa)K,l\,aHd!>1H Poccuiio,OH <DeAepaQl1H Hd OCHOBe Bceo6ll\ero paBHoro JJ np.l1MOrO H3t5l1pa- TeAbHOro npaBa rIpH TaHHOM roAocoBaHnli. Y'WCTHe rpIDI<,lIj3HIma POCCHHCKOH <DeAepau;nH B Bbl60pax HBMleTCfI cB06o,HbIM H Ao6- pOBOAbHblM. HnKTO He BnpaBe npHH)'JKAdTb rpiDKAdtDma K f'Jac- TIUO IfJill Hef'JdcrHlO B Bbl6opax, d TdIOKe nperurrcTBOBdThero CBO- 60AHoM)' BOAeH3"bflBAeHI1IO. B CII C KOHCTlJ'T)'ll.lIeH POC- CIiHCKOH (})eAepaqnli B rOCYAapCTBeHHYlO A:iM'f (})eAepaAbHoro Cot5paHnSi POCCHHCKOH (})t?/If2paQIIH 1i36HpaeTCH 450 AenyraToB. B COOTBeTCTBIIIIC'I. 1. CT. 96 KOHCTlIT}'L\IIII P<D 1993 r. HCT. I. (})\?Ae- pilAbHOrO 3dKOHd OT 30AeKa6p.l12008 r. N 6-<DK3 ,,06 H3MeHeHliH cpoKa nOAHOMO'lHH Ope3HAeHTa POCCHHCKOH (})\?AepaqIIII H rocy- AapCTBeHHOH AyMHn H:X:YAdPCTBeHHillI /J.yMa H36npaeTcfI CpOKOM Hd IDITh AeT. AerryraTJ;J rOCYAdPCTBeHHOH AyMb! 1136lipaIOTCH no 4JeAepaAb- HOMY 1i36HpaTeJ\bHoM)' OKpyry nponopquOlIaJ\bHO 'IIiChY rOAOCOB, nOAdHHbIX 3d 4JeAepdAbHble cnnCKH KdHAHAdTOB BAerryraTbI rocy- AapCTBeHHoii: AyNbl 43 
<!JeAepaAbHblil H30HpilTeAbHbIH OKpyr, no KOTOpOM)' H3011pa- tOTCff AenyraTbl rOCYAdPCTBeHHOH AyMH, BK./lK)'laeT B ceOH BCtO TepplITOplitO POCCllHCKOH '1>eAepilm. AenyraTbI rocYAapCTBeHHOH AyMH 113011pa1OTCff rpaJKAaHill'1J1 POCCllHCI<OH '1>eAePaqllH Hil OCHOBe Bceoolllero paBHoro H np.l1MO- ro H36HpilTeAbHOrO npilBa npH TaHHOM rOAOCOBaHHH npH AOCTlf- JKeHHH 18-'TH J\.eTHero B03paCTa. rpaJK,ll,a.HHH POCCHHCKOH cI>eAep<rn;mi, AOCTHf1llHH Ha AeHb ro- J\.OCOBaHHff 21 rOAa, MOJKeT 6bITb H36pilH AenyraToM rOCYAap- CTBeHHOH AyMH He HMeeT npaBil H36npaTb H 6bITb H36paHHbIM, yqaCTBoBaTb B oC)'lLIeCTBAeHHH APyrHX H36lipaTeAbHbiX AeikTBHH rpaJRAdHHH POCCIiHCKOti '1>eAepaQHIi, npli3HilHHhlll CyAOM HeAeecnOCOOHhlM HAlf cOAepJKall\llllCSI B MecTax 11H1lIeHlliI CBOOOAbI no npHrOBOPY cyAa; rpa"'AaHllli POCClillCKOH '1>eAepaqIiH, IiMelOll\llll rpa;.KAaH- CTBO HHocTpaHHoro rOCYAapCTBil 11H60 BliA Hil JKHTeAhCTBO Hlill IiHOHAOK)'JI.leHT, nOATBep)KAalOlltHH npilBO Ha nOCTO.l1HHOe npo)l{ll- BaHHe Ipil.A{,lIj3HIIHil PoccliikKOti '1>eAepaqnn Ha TeppliTOpHH HHO- CTpaHHoro roCYAClPCTBil. He HMeeT IIpaBil ObITb 1i30paHHhlM AenyraToM rOCYAilPCTBeH- HOM AyMbl IJIDKACIHIIH POCCHIICKOH <!JeAepa1\lm: I) OC)'JKAeHHblH K 11H1lIeHHlO cBo60Abl3a cOBepllIeHile Tff.>KKO- ro H (Hlill) oco60 T5DKKoro npecT)'IllI.eHHff H HMelOIIIHM Hil AeHh rOAOCOBaHlliI Hecmrryro H HenorarneHHYlO CYAHMOCTb 3a }'Kil3aHHOe npecT)'I1AeHHe, 2) OC}'JKAeHHbIii: 3d cOBepllIeHHe npecryIIAeHHH3Kc- KOH HilnpaBAeHHOCTII.. npeAycMo1peHHoro YI'OlI.OBHbIM KO- AeKCOM POCCHHCKOH '1>eAepill.\HH, H HMelOllIHH Hil AeHb ro- J\.OCOBaHHSI HecIDIryro H HenorameHlfYlO CYAHMOCTh 3a }'Ka- 3aHHoe npecrynAeHHe, il TilK)!(e rpiJ.)!(AaHHH POCCHHCKOH cI>eAepill.\HH, B OTHOllIeHHH KOTOpOro BCrynHII. B 3aKoHH}'lO CHll.Y npHrOBOp cYAil 0 M:lllIeHHH ero npilBa 3a1UfI\,IilTh rocy- AapCTBeHHbIe AOA)j(HOCTH B T€'!eHHe Onp€AeAeHHOrO cpo- Ka, He MO.IKeT ObITb 3apernC'rpHpOBilH B KaqeCTBe KillWfAa- Ta Hil BbI60pax AenyraToB rOCYAapCTBeHHOM AyMbI, eCMi rOAOCOBilHHe Hil Bb!6opax COCTOHTCff AO HCTe'leHHSI YCTa- HOBAeHHoro CYAOM cpOKa. 44 
npOBOAflTCJI BbI50phl AenyraToB rOCYAapCTBeHHOll AyMhI B CpOlU'l, YCTaHOBAeHHble KOHCTJoIT)'Ql.Jei'i POCCl-lilcKOi'i <DeAepaL\U11-1 <D€AepaAbHhlM 3aKOHOM OT 18 Ma5I. 2005 I'. N 51-<D3 «(0 BbI60pax AenyrCiTOB rOCYAapcTBeHHO" AyMbI <DeAepaAbHOrO C06pam'IH Pocclli'icKoii <DeAepal\Hw,:z.1. Bhl60pbl AenyrClToB rocYAapcTBeHHoM Ayr.1bl HOBoro C03blBa Ha3Ha'ICiIOTC npe3IJAeHTOM POCCJoI"CKO" <DeAepal.\lIH. PellleHHe 0 HCl3Ha'leHflH BbI6opoBAOA>KHO 6bITb npHH5ITO He paHee '1eM 3a 110 AHeM H He n03AHee '1eM 3d. 90 AHeM AO AWl rOAOCOBaHIDI. AHel'l 1'0- AOCOBdHHfI HBA.lleTCfI nepaoe BocKpeceHbe Mecfll\d, B KOTOpoM HC- TeKaeT KOHCTHT)'QHOHHbl" CpOK, Ha KOTOpblM5bIAa H36paHCI rocy- AapcTBeHHClfI MMa npeAbIA)'lLlero C03h1BCI. KOHCTHT)'l.IHOHHhlM CpOK, Hd Karopblii: 1136HpdeTCfI rOCYAdpCTBeHHillI HC'IHCASleT- CfI co Mill ee H36pdmrn. AHeM 1136paHIDI rOCYAClpCTBeHHOM A::fMbI HBMleTCfI AeHh I'OAOCOBdHH5I, B pe3YAhTdTe KOToporo OHa 6hIAd H3- 6pdHd B npdBOMO'IHOM COCfdBe. PeweHHe 0 Hd3HiJ.'1eHHH Bhl6opOB nOMe.iKHT 0C:PHl\HaAhHOMY ony6MfKOBdHHlO B CPeACrBaX MaCCO- BOM HHq,OPMCiQHH He n03AHee '1eM '1epe3 IUITh AHeM co AHfI ero npHIDITlliI. ECMf npe3liAeHT POCCHHCKOH <D€AepaQHH He Ha3HiJ.'1HT BhIDo- pbI AenyraToB rOCYAapCTBeHHO" AYMbl B YCTaHOBAeHHblH CpOK, Bb!6opbl Ha3Ha'lCllOTC5Il..IeHTpaAbHOM H35HpdTeAbHOH KOMHCCl-leii POCCIIHCKOH <DeA€paQHH H npoBONITDI B nepBoe BOCKpeCeHbe Me- OUW. B KOTOpOM HCTeKaeT KOHCTJoIT)'QHOHHhlti: CpoK, Ha KOTOpblH 5bli\a H36paHCI rOCYAapCTBeHHa51 AyMiJ. npeAl>IAytQera C03h1Ba. Pe- llleHHe l..IeHTpaAbHOM H36HpaTeAbHOH KOl'IHCCIlll POCCIIHCKOH <De- Aepal.\lIH 0 Ha3HC\'IeHHJoI BbIGOpOB ny5AHK}'eTc.!I He n03AHee '1eM '1epe3 ceMbAHeH co AH5I HCTe>JeHHH cpOKa OC:PUQHaAbHOra Orry6AlJ- KOBaHIDI pellleHIDI 0 Hd3Ha'leHI:IH BhI60pOB. np" pocnYCKe rOCYAdPCmeHHoi'i A.yMbI B CA}"lClffi!: H I10p.!IAKe. np€A)'CM01peHHhlX KOHCTIIT)'QlJeH POCCHHCKOii <DeAepaqllH, npe- 3IJAeHT POCCHllCKOii <DeAepaQIIH 0Al10BpeMeHHO Ha3Ha'iaeT AO- CpO'lHble BhlOOpbl AenyrClToB rOCYAdPCTBeHHOH {:J.yMh! HOBora CO- '" CM. IDeAepahhHh!H 3dKOH OT 18 Md.II2005 r. N2 51-$3 «0 Bh!60paxA.... II}'TdTOB rOCYMJXTBftIIfOii J'l,yMhl IDeAepahhHOro C06pdHI1.11 PoccmicKOii 1De- AepdlJ,HlJ" II cnc «KOHCYI'lhTdHTIIIUOC». 45 
3bIBa.l¥IeM rOAOCOBaHH.II B 3TCM cAyqae HBA.lleTC.\! rrOCAeAHee BOC- KpeceHl.e rrepeAAHeM, KOrM!- HCTeKiHOT TpH MeaIQd co AH.II POC- rrYCKa rOCYMPCTBeHHOH /J,yMbI. PeWeHHe 0 Ha3Hd'leHHH AOCPO'l- HblX Bl.l6opOB nOMeJKHT oc:lJm..\HdAbHoMY Orry6hHKOBdHHlO B cpeA- CTBax MaCCOBOH HHIfJOpMdQHH He II03AHee 'leM 'Iepe:'! ITHTl.AHeH co AH.II ero npHIDITIDI. ECAI1 Ope311AeHT POCCHi1cKOii cI>eAepaQI1I1, pacrrycTHB rocy- AapCTBeHHYlO f:.yMy, He Ha3Ha'l1IT AOCpO'lHl.le Bbl60pbl AenyraToB rOCYAapCTBeHHOH AyMbI HOBora C03l.IBa, BbI60pbI Ha3Ha'laIOTCH LlelITpaAl.HOH 1I36I1paTeJ\.bHOn KOMHCCl1eH POCCHHCKOH (})eAepa- LlHH H rrpOBOMITCH B rrOCJ'le,ll,Hee BOCKpeceHl.e nepeA AHeM, KorM HcreKalOT TpH M€CHlJ;a co AHH pocnycKa rOCYAapCTBeHHoii AyMbI. PeweHHe LleHIpdAbHOii 1I36HpaTeAbHOii KOMHCCHH POCCHHCKOH cI>eAepaQHH 0 Ha3Ha'leHHI1 AOCpO'lHbIX Bl.l60pOB ny6Al1K}'eTCH. He rr03AHee 'leM 'lepe3 ceMl. AHeH co AH.\! Hcre'leHH.II YCTaHOBAeHHoro cpOKa OtPHQIIaAl.HOrO orry6AHKoBaHHH peWeHH.II 0 Ha3Ha'leHHH AOCpO'lHblX Bw6opOB. K B AerryraTbI rOCYACpCTBeHHOH AyMbI BbJ,ABHralOT- CSI B COCTdBe 4JeAepaAbHbIX CIIHCKOB KaHAHAdTOB. BbIABIDKeHHe KaIJAlf.l\ilTOB B cocraBe 4JeAepaAbHblX CIillCKOB KaJJAHA3TOB OC)'IlIecr- BJUleTC.II rrOJllml'ieCKHNH rrap1"H.IIMH, I1NelOlQHNH B COOTBeTCTBHI1 C cI>eAepaAbHbIN3aKOHOMOT II HlOMl20QI r. N95-a>3 «0 nOAlITH- 'l€CKlIX rrapTlIHX» IIpaBO rrpHflHMaTl. Y'Iacn'le B Bl.[60pax, B TOM 'lHCAe BbI,lI,BHraTl. CIIHCKH KaHAlf,l\;nOB. B COOTBe"OCTBIflI C 3aKOHOM "0 Bl.l6opax AerryraToB rOCYAapCTBeHHOii AyMbI cI>eAepdAl.Horo Co6paHlliI POCCHHCKOii cI>eAepaQHII» nOAHTWIecKasI ITapTHH BIIpa- Be Bl.JABHHyrl. B COCTaBe 4JeAepaAbHOrO CIIHCKa KaH,ll,lfAdTOB rpaJK- AaH POCClIiiCKOii (})eAepaQHH, He SlBMllOlQlIXCH 'lAeHaMH AaHHoH rrOAlITlf'IeCl<OH napTIlH. 
rJ1asa 4 MECTHbl1i'l PECJ)EPEH,AYM KAK BblCWAfi CJ)OPMA HAPO.QOBllAcn'lfi B COCJ"I"BeTCTBJII1 co CT. 3 KOHCTllTYL\HH POCCI1HCKOH <Depa- ql1n HOCI1TeAeM cYBepeHlITeTa 11 eAnHCTBeHHblM nCTO'lHI1KOM BAaCTn B POCCI1H npl13HaeTCSI ee MHoroHdqHOHaAbHblll HdpOA. B OCHOBHOM 3aKOHe CTpaHbI onpeAeNllOTOI M3e ij:JOPMbI IIDPOAO- BAdCTHSI. I OcyrQeCTBAeHHe BAdCTH 'lepe3 I1l-1C1'1ITY1'hI npeACTaBJITeAb- Hoff AeMOKpdTHH, B OCHOBe KOTOpOff AeJIUIT nepe;\a'ld IIDce- AeHl1eM '!:aCTH npI1H<JAAe)l(arn;eff eM}' BAaCTH 1136HpaeMblM nAI1 KOMerna.AbHblM opraHdM (fA11 AONKHOCTHblM /lI1QaM. OC}'llIeCTBMllOLqIIM CBOI1 nO.I\HOMO'lHH OT I1Mem.J IIDceAeHIDI lID nOCTOHHHOll OCHOBe. 2 HenocpeAcTBeHHoe oCYll\eCTBheHne BMCnt, KorAa caM rpaJKAaHI1H npl1HI1MaeT yqacrHe B perneHl111 Toro I1hH I1HO- ro Bonpoca. HenocpeACTBeHHoe yqaCTHe SlBAH.eTCH BblC- rnHM BbIp<1)KeHl1eM IIDPOAOBAaCTIUl. norufme ccpe<tJepeHA)'M)) (OT haT. referendum - TO, 'ITO AOI\JK- HO 6blTb C006ll\eHo)2' nOAPa3YMeBaeT npSlMoe BO/leH3"bSlBheHHe rpaJKAaH, ocyrn;ecTBNleMOe rryTeM rOhOCOBaHI1S1 no pa3A11'1HbiM Bd.JKHeHrnHl'1 BOnpOCdM o6l1ieCTBeHHOH )!(}!3HI1. WHpOKoe pacnpo- cTpdHeHHe pe<tJepeHAYlvlliI nOAyql1hH B XX B., 'ITO 6bU\.0 06yCIIOB- AeHO pOCTOM npaBOBOHI1 nOJ\H'fHqecKoH KYI'U;rypbl, rpi1)KAdHCKofl 3pehoCfH IIDCeAemUl, AeMOKpdTIl3dqIfell nOl1HTH'leCKI1X peJKI1IIIOB, 1IDAH'Il1e"I TeXHI1'.JeCKlIX B03MO)f(HOCTell (CBfl3b, cpCTBa MaCCO- Boff l1Hij:JOPMilllI1I1I AMI npOBeJI,emUl nOA06HbIX MepOnpllilTl1ll. " http://www.constitutIongarantru/DOC_50400.htm 47 
PetlJepeIJAYMbI AeMlTCH HB: - o6merOCYA8-PCTBeHHhIe, B KOTOphlX }"WCTB}'IOT BCe rpd)K- AaHe, 06MAdlOll\He npdBOM lId yqdcTIle B pe4JepeHA)'1'>le; - perHOHaAhHhle, KOTOpwe npOBOMTCH B clJeAepaTHBHhlX ro- CYAapcTsax B npeAe1\cUl Teppl1TOpl-IH cy6"beKTa tlJeAepalll.m; - MeCTHbIe, KOTophle npOBONITCSI B np <JAMHHHCTPd- TIIBHO-TeppIITOpHaAhHhlX (f',I}'HIIQllnaAhHhIX) eMfHHQ. COO'l1Je'fCmf2IlliO pernemrn, npHWIThIe Hd petlJepeHJI,YM<IX, pa3- hH'IilliJI'CH no TeppHTOpHH CBoero AeHCTBIDI B POCCHHCKOH <Dep,e- pdu;nH 3dKOHOAdTeAhCTBOM nP€A)'C"1arpeHhI pec:tJepeIJAYM P<D, pe- 4JepeIJAYM Cy6'heKTil P<D H MeCTHhlH pec:tJepeIJAYM. 1. PE<DEPEHAYM PeD - petlJepeHA)'M, npDBOAIlMhlH B COOT- BeTCTBHH C KOHCTlIT)'II.I1eH P<D, a>3 «0 pec:t>epeHAY1'le POC- CHHClWH eDeAepaQllH», <D3 «(06 OCHOBHhlX rapaHTIlHX Il3- 6HpaTeAbHbIx npaB H npaBa Ha yqacTHe B petlJepeHAYMe rpil.JK,ll.aH POCCHHCKOH cDeAepaqHHI) cpeAH o6AilAalOLqHx npaBoM Hil yqilcTHe B pec:tJepeHA)'Me rpd.JKAilH P<D, MeCTO >KHTeAbCTBd KOTOphlX paCrIOAOJKeHO Hil TepplITOpHH P<D, a TdK.JKe rpaJKAdH PeD, npO.JKHBdIOllUIX HAH HilXOMllUiXCH 3d iipeAeiIdMH TepplITOpHH P<D. 2 PE<DEPEHAYM CYE"bEKTA PeD - pec:tJepeHAY1'I, npOBOAH- MhlH B COOTBeTCTBIlli C KOH(TIITyu,ueH P<D, a>3 (c06 OCHOB- HbIX rdpalITlm"l[ Il36ltpa"IeI\bHbIX npilB H npaBd lId Y'idCTIfe B pec:t>epeHl\Yl"1e rpaJKAdH POCCHHCKOH eDep,epilQHH», HHhlMl1 clJeAepaAhHbIMH 3ilKOIIdMH, KOHCI1H (ycTaBoM), 3ilKO- HOM cy6"beKTa P<D CP€AH o6AaAillOIqUX npilBOM lId yqacTHe B pec:t>epelJAYMe rpaJKAdH PeD, MeCTO >KHTeAhCTBd KOTOpblX paCnOAO.JKeHO Hil TePplITOpHH cy6"beKTa P<D. 3. PEcDEPEJ-W'M :MECfHbIi1 (:MECfHbIi1 PEcDEPEIi6,Ylv1J - pec:tJepeHAY1'I, npOBOAiU'1bIH B COOTB€TCTBHH C KOHC- eH PeD, 11>3 «(06 OCHOBHbIX rapdlfTllilx 1136Hp<JTe1\blillX npdB H npilBd Hil yqaCTI1e B pe4JepeHA}'1>le rpaJKAdH POCCHHCKOH cDeAepaqHH)}, KOHCTII'I)'QHeH (ycTaBOM), 3ilKOHOM cy6'heKTa PeD, YCTdBOM MYHHqHnaAhHOrO o6pa30BdHHH CP€M1 06Ad- '" 
AdlOlQHX npdBOM Ha yqaCTHe B pe4JepeHA}'Me rpaJKAdH PeD, MeCTO}KIrreJ\bCl'Bil Kaf0PblX pdcnOAO.>KeHO B rpdHHqilX MY- HHQHIIaAbHOro 06pa30BaHm1 Z5 MeCTHbIll: pe4JepeHA}'M BBA5IeTCfI COCTdBHOii QdCTblO OpraHH- 3dQliOHHOii OCHOBbI MeCTHOrO CdMoynpdBAeHIiH. KOHCTHryI.\IiB POCCliiiCKOii <DeAepaQHH CTaBHT MeCTHblii pe4JepeJiAY!'1 Hd nepBOe M€CTO CP€AM BCeX OCTaAbHbIX <lJOpM OCyuteCTMeHIiJl MecTHoro Cd- MoynpdBAeHlliI. TeM CaMbIJl.I, OH HBMleTCH BblClllell: <lJ0PMOll: HapO- AOBlillCTIUI Ha MYHHQI:!IIdAbHOM ypOBHe. rAdBHillI QeHHoCTb IiHCTII- T}'Td MeCTHoro pe<tJepeHAYMd COCTOIiT B B03MOJKHOCTH ero HC- nOAb30BdHlliI HC'lCeAeHHeM no COOCTBeHHOfi BOA€, Cie3 CdHKQHIi OprdHOB Me<:THOro C3MoynpdBAeHlliI. MeCTHbIH pe4JepeH.AY1'1 npeACTaBAlleTCOOOH oAR)' 113 (jJOpM He- nocpeACTBeHHoro BbIpdJKeHlliI HaPOAOBAdCTlliI. Y"JdcrnyH B pec:lJe- peH.AY1'le, rpa*AdHe npHHIiMdlOT pellIeHHH no 3Ha'illMbIM Bonpo- caN. B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOHCTllryI.\Heii POCCIIHCKOll: cDeAepdQHH M€CTHbIii pe<IJepeHAYJI.! BBNleTCB BbICllleH <lJopJl.joii HenocpeA- CTBeHHoro HapOAOBAdCTlliI Ha Jl.I}'HHQlInaAbHON ypOBHe, d TdlOKe COCTdBHOll: 'ldCTblO OprdHH3dQl:!OHHOii OCHOBbI MeCTHoro CdMOyn- pdBAeHlliI. KOHCTlf'I}'lJ;IUI PoccniicKoii <DIH CTdBHT MeCT- HbIii pe4JepeJiAY!'1 Hd nepBoe MeCTO cpeAli Bcex OCTaAbHblX (jJOpM oCYJ-l\eCTBheHHH Jl.!eCTHoro CdJl.!oynpaBheHlliI. BnepBbIe B HarneH C'rp3HeTepMHH ('M€CTHbIii pec:lJepeHA)'MI) Kill( 3.heMeHI' CIiCTeMbI MeCTHoro C3MoynpaBheHlliI nOh}"lHA 3dKOHOAd- TeAbHOe 3dKpenheHHe B CT. 2 3aKolId CCCP ,,06 o6Lq11X Hd'ldhax MeCTHoro CdJl.loynpdBAeHlliI MeCTHoro X03HHCTBd CCCP». 3aTeM OH HallIeA3aKpell.l\€HHe BCT. 23aKoHa POCCIiIK:KOll: cDeAep<IQHH (,0 Jl.!e- CTHOM caMoynpaBheln1H B POCCI1HCKOH <DeAepaQHH"zo. C)'Tb MecrHoro pepeHAYMa - 3TO rOAOCOB3HH€ H36lipdTe- AeH, nOCpeACTBOJl.! KOToporo npHHHMaeTcH pellIeHHe no BonpocdM MeCTHoro 3Hd"JeHlliI. BonpoCbl MecnroI"O 3Ha'jeHHB - 3TO BonpocbI.. KOTDpbIe npH- MO H HenOCp€ACTBeHHo CBfl3dHbl C HHI'epeCaJl.IH JKH3HH H CibITa Ha- ceheHlliI, npOJKHBdlOrn;erO lId COOTBeTCTB}'lOlQeii TepplITOpHH. "'HK}'UleBAB npaBoCTpdH M.,2005. "J'7ornuJciiH.B.!\IIpa.BOPocCIDl:Y>mnIK/H.B.rkJCToBOii. 2-e 113A.llerrp. I1AO!! M.: }()pllcnpyAeHl\H.II, 2000. C. 178 49 
MeCTHblH pe4lepellAYM - 3TO OCYll\eCTBA5Iel'lOe B npeAeAdX M)'HHQHnaAbHOrO 06pd30BaHHH nocpeACTBOM rOAOCOBdHHH npH- Moe BOAeH3"bHBAeHHe rpdlKAdH, np0>KHBdlOlQIIX B ero rpdHHQdX. no pellleHHtO BonpOCOB MeCTHoro 3Hd'leHHH, OTHeCeHHblX K KOM- neTelll.\HH MecTHOrOCilMoynpaBAeHIDI, KOTOpoe nJXlliOAlITCSI BCOOT- BeTCTBHH C KOHIeH Pa>, 4>eAepdAbHblMH 3dKOHdMH H 3dKO- HaMH Cy6'beKTd 4>eAepdQHH 21 . TC'lK, B a>eAepaAbHOM 3dKOHe OT 6 OKTHOpH 2003 r. NQ 131-a>3 «00 0014I1X npl1HqIma'l OprClHI13dl.1;I1H MecTHoro Call-loynpasAeHIDI B POCCHllCKOll <DeAepaQI1I1» B CT. 22. nOCB5I14eHHOll MecTHoMY pe- 4>epeHJ\YMY, roOOpIiTOI, 'ITO {(B IJ;eNlx pellieHIDI HenocpeACTBeHHO HdCeAeHl1eM BonpOCOB MeCTHoro 3Ha'ieHI1H npoBOAl1TCH MeCTHblH pettJepeH,6yM». B r. P5I3dHH, KaK H B Apyrl1x ropOAdX POCCI1MCKOM C!>eAepdwfl1 3dKOHQAiIT€u.HhIii: MaCCHB, peryJ\HPYK>ll\HH npoLl€AYPY nOAIUTOBIUI H npOBeAeHIDI pe4>epeHAYMOB, 3aKpeIlMleTCH B YCTaBe M}'HHQH- naAbHOrO OOpd30BdHIDI - ropoAcKOH OKpyr r PH3aHb. MeCTHblH pettJepeHAJIVI Ha3Ha'iaeTCH H npoBOMfTCSI f05I pelllemrn HdHOOAee B3>KHbIX BonpocoB MeCTHoro 3Ha'IeHruI na BceM TeppmOpl1H r. PH- 3aHH B MeCTHOM pe4>epeHJ\YMe HMelOT npaso }"IacTBOBaTh I'paJK,llpHe POCCHHCKOH a>e,lI,epdQHH, MeCTO >KHTeJlliCI'13d KOTOpblX pdcnOAO- >KeHO B rpaHHQaX r. PJl3aHlJ, OONl,ll,dlOllIHe dKTHBHbIM H30HpdTeJ\b- HbiM npC'lBOM B COOTBeTCTBHI1 C 4>eAepaAbHblJ'>j 3C'1KOHOAdTeAb- CTBOM, 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBOM PSl3dHCKOH OOAdCTII. rpIDKAdHe Poc- CHllCKOH <DeAepaQHH }"IdCTBYIOT B MeCTHOM pe4>epeHAYMe HB OCHose Bce06ll1ero, paSHoro H npHMoro BOAeH3h!1BAeHruI npH TdH- HOM I'OlIOCOIJaHHH. PellleHHe 0 Ha3Hd'ieHI1I1 MeCTHoro pe<tJepetfAYJ'!a npHHHMCleT- CH np€ACTaSllTeAbHblM opraHoM r. PH3dHH: I) no HHill\I1dTIlBe, BhJABHH}'TOH rpaJKAilHilMH POCCHllcKOH <De- AepH, npO.JKHBdlOllIl1MH Ha TeppHTOpl1H r. PH3dHH, 00- lIiJAdlOlQlIMH dKTIlBHblM H30HpaTeAbHblM npasoM; v KymatPlm D.E., <1JageeB B.M. M)'HlJl.\IflldAhHoe npBO POCClJl1CKOlI <De- Aepai.\lJl1. M.. 2000 C 107 50 
2) no IiHIiQliaTIfBe, I1H}'TOH 1i301Ipa'TeIllillbI'\UI OO>J.eAHHe- fUUIMH, lIHblMH ooU\eCTBelllibIMti 06beAimeHHSlMl1, YCTaBbl KOTOpblX npeAYCMiiTpHBalOT }"IClCTl1e B BbI60pClX 11 (11\.11) pec}:lepeHAjlMClx 1I KOTopble 3aperncrplipOBaHbI B nop.HAKe 11 CpOKl1, YCTaliOBAeHHbIe <}>eAepaAbHblM 3aKOHOM.. 3) no HIiHQlICiTHBe npeAcTaBHTeAbHoro oprClHa r. PH3C1liH H rJ\.ClBbI ilAI<-IHHHcrpClQlili r. PH3C1HH, BbI,ll,BHH)'TOH lIMH co- BMeCTHO. YChOBHeM Ha3Ha'lemUl MeCTHoro pe4!epelJA}'Mil no HHlIQlIiiTIl- Be IpaJKAaH, H361IpaTeAbHbIX OO>J.eAHHeHlIH, HHblX o6U\eC'fBeHHbIX 06>J.eAliHeHHH HBNleTCH coop nOAnHceH B nOMepJKKY AaHHOH HHHQHaTllBbI, KOAII'ieCTBO KOTOpblX YCTaHClBAIIBaeTC.II 3al<OHOM PH3aHCKOH OOAaCTII. I1HHQIIaTliBa npOB('AeHWI pec}:lepeHAYMa, BbI,lI,BIIH)'Td$! IpaJK,Aa- HaMH, H36HpareAbHb1MH o1Y'beAIIHeHIlfIMH, IlHblJ'>jH 06lL\eCTBeIiHbI- MH 06'beAHHeHlIHJ'>jH, ocpopJ'>jNleTC}! B nOpHAKe, YCTaHOBAeHHOl<-1 4JeAepaAbHbIM 3aKOHOM H 3aKOHOM PH3aHCKOH 06AaCTII. HHlIQlICITlIBCI npQBeAeHI1}! pec}:lepeHA)'MCl, BbJABHH)'TIDI: COBMeCT- HO npeACTaBHTeAbHblM opraHOM r. PH3C1HH 11 rJ\.aBOH ilAMlIHlIC-rpCl- QHH r. PH3C1HH, 04JOpMNleTCH perneHlleM npeACTaBHTeAbHoro opraHC'l r. PH3C1HH H nOCTaliOBAeHHeM rMBbl ClA/>IHIDIC'IpdQIlH r. PH- 3aHli. npe,ll,CTdBH'I'eJ\bHblH opraH r. PH3aHll 06}!3aH Ha3HCI'lIITb J'>jeCT- HhIH pec}:lepeHA)'M B Te'leHlle 30 AReH co AID! nocryIIAeHiUl B npeA- CT opraH r. PH3aHli AOKYNelITOB 0 BblABIDKeHHH HHH- QHaTlIBbJ npOBeAeHHH MeCTHoro pe4JepeHAYMd. PerneHlie 0 Ha3Hd'leHlIH MeCTHoro pe4JepeHA)'1>ld nOMeJKHT 01)lIQlIaAbHO/l1}' orry6hlIKoBaHHIO B cpeAcTBax MCiCCOBOH HH4JOp- MaQi111 He n03AHee 'leM '1epe3 5 AReH co AR.!! ero npliWITII.!!. B cAY'ffie eChlI MecTHbIH pe4JepeH,I\,YM He Ha3HC'1'ieH npeACTa- BHTeJ\bHbIM opraHoM r. PH3dHH B YCTaHOBheHHbIe CpOKlI, pe4Je- PeHA)'1>l Ha3HC'1'lC1eTCH CYAOM Hd OCHOBaHHtf 06paHlm rpaJKAilH, H3611parehbflb!X oUbeAi'lHeHIIH, rMBbl MYHtfQlInaAbHOrO 06pa30- BdHlIfI, PH3aHCKOH 06AdCTHOH AftlbI, ry6epHaTOpa PH3dHCKOH 06- AdCTH.. 1-136HpaTel'\bHOH KOMliCClIli PH3aHCKOH 06AaCTli IfhlI npoKY- popa. 51 
I1TorH rOAOCOBaHIUI H npmmTOe Hd MeCTHOM pect:>epeHAYMe perneHHe nQll.he.JKaT OclJHl.\lliJ.AbHOMY0ny6Al1KOBdHHlO. npl1HHTOe Hd MeCTHOM peclJepeHA)'Me pern€HI1€ nO,ll,A€JKHT 06Jl3a"feJ\bHOMY HCnOl\HeHlllO Hd T€ppIITOpHH r. PH3dHI111 He H)'JK- Ni€TCH B yrB€P.JKAeHHH KdKHJl.IH-MI60 oprdnaMH rOCYNiPcrBeHHoi1 BAaCTH, HX AOI\JKHOCTHbIMH JUU.\dMH HAll oprdnaMH MeCTHOrO Cd- MoynpdBAeHIHI r. PH3aHH. OpraHbl MecTHoro caMoynpaBAeHIUI r. P.II3aHH 06ecne'lHBalOT nCIIOl\HeHHe npl1ID1TOro Hi! MeCTHOM peclJepeHA)'Me perneHIDi B CO- OTBeTCTBl1ll C pd3rpdHH'IeHHeM nOl\HOMO'mi1 Me.>KA}' HI1MH, onpe- AeAeHHblM HdCTO.IIlI.\HM YcrdBOloL PerneHl1e 0 npOBeAeHHI1 MeCTHoro peclJepeHAYMd, d TdKJKe npHIDIToe Hd MeCTHOM pect:>epeHAj'Me perneHHe MOJKeT 6brrb 06- )!(C\AOBdHO B cYAe6HoM nop.llAKe rpaJl<AdnaMl1, oprdHaMI1 MeCTHO- ro caMoynpdBAeHIUI r. ProaHH, npOKypopoM, nHblMI1 ynOl\HOMO- 'IeHHblMIi (j)eAepdJ\bHbIM 3aKOHOM opraHaMIi rocYAapcTBeHHou BAaCTIi. rdpdHTHl1: npdB rpiVKAdH Hd yqdcrne B MeCTHOM pe4JepeHAyMe. a TaKJKe nop.IIAOK IIpOBe,lI,eHllil 'leCTHom pe4JepeHAylltd YCTaHaBAlI- BaJOTC.II clJ€A€'PilAbHbIM 3dI<OHOM H npHHHMaeNHN: B COarneTCIBI1H C HHM 3aKOHOM PH3dHCK0i1 06AaCTI1 OT 09 HlOHH 2006 r. NQ 65-03 1,0 pec:t>epeHA)'1'>JdX B PH3dHCKOi1 06ABCTHI). nOpsIAOK Hd3HC1'IeHlI.II11 npoBeAeHI1.11 peclJepeHA)'Md YCTaHdB- AlIBaeTC.II YCTaBoM M}'HnqIfIIaAbHOro 06pd:>OBdHlliI - r. PH3aHb B COOTBeTCTBIUI C 3dKOHaMn ProaHcKoH 06J\dCTH, KOTOpb!e B CBOlO O'IepeAb AOAJKHbI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb a>eAepaAbHoJl.I}' 3dKOHY (,OB OCHOBHb!X rapdHTIUlX 113611paTellliHbIX npaB 11 npaBa Hd yracTHe B pe4JepeHAYMe rpdJKAdH POCCI1HCKOH a>eAepaQHH" OT 12 HIOHH 2002 r. N 61-<D3, ycrdHaBAlIBdlOIJJ;eM)' npaBoB}'lO OCHOey Bcex pe- 4JepeHAyMOB B POCCI1HCKOi1 <DeAepdQI1H. PeweHHe, npHIDIToe Hd MeCTHOJl.! pe1:>epeHAYMf!, He nyJKAaeTCH B yrBep:>KAeHI1I1 KaK"Mn-Ml60 opraHaMI1 roCYAapCTBeHHOH BABC- TI1, rOCYAapCTBeHHblMI1 AOAJKHOCTHblMI1 AI1QaMl1 HAll oprdHdMH MeCTHoro caMoynpaBAeHIUI. TaKHM 06pa30M, MecrHblfi pect:>epeH- A)'M HBMleTCH cnocoBoM HeIIOCp€ACTBeHHOro perneHIUI HdceAeHH- eM r P.II3aHH HdH60Aee BaJKHbIX AI\'ii MeCTHoro caMoynpaBAeHHH BOnpOCOB. " 
Ha MeCTHhlH pet}JepeHAJM, KaK I1paB1lhO, BhIHOC.!ITCSI BonpOCbl, SlBNllOlJ..!I:!eCSI npMHQnm-lClAbHO Ba>KHbIMn AMI oprdHn3dQnn >KM3HlI MecTHoro C00611-teCTBd (HanpMMep, 0 crp)'Krype oprdHOB MeCTHO- ro CaMOynpaBl'\eJlHSI) AH60 no 38KOHY Tpe6yIoT BblliCH€HHSI BOAll JKlITeh€H (HanpHMep, H3MeHeHIDI rpamu.J; AClHHOrO M}'HHqMIIilAb- HOrO OOpa30BaHMH.). BonpOCbI, BblHOCIlMble Hd peepeHA)1M, He AOhJKHbI npOTI1Bope- 'H-ITh 3dKOHQAaTeJU>CrBy, OrpaHM'iHBdTh HhH OTl>1elbITh oEil.L!enpmUl- Thle opaBa n CBOEiOAhI '1eAOBeKa H rp8.il<AdIDIHa, KOHCTMT}'ltnOHHb!e rapaHTllM peaAll3al.\Mll TdKl1X op<rn H CBOOOA Ha MeCTHblH pee- peHA)1M He M0IYI' 6bITh BIHIeCeHbI BOnpoCbl, He HilXOAflIll)f€OJ: B Be- AeHHH Jl.f)'HHlJ;HnaAbHoro o6pa30BaHHSI r. PSl3aHb. BonpoCbI AOhJKHbI CPOPM)'J\lJpOBaTbCSI TaKlIl\I o6pa30Jl.!, 'lT06bI HCKhlO'II1A8Cb B03MO>K- HOCTb HX Jl.lHOJKeCTBeHHoro TOAKOBaHIDI. OpraHH38QHfI npoB€A€HMfI peepeHAJMOB B r. PSl3aHI1., nOAoEi- Hd opraHM3aqm-l npOBeA€HHSI BblOOpOB. flpH npOBeAeH1-I1-I pet1Je- peHAJIVIoB llCIIOAb3)'eTcSI TeppHTOpHdAbHblH npHHlJ;IIIJ. TeppMTo- pIDI pa3EiHBaeTCSI HiJ. yq:acnm AMI rohocoBaHIDI. rpd>KA1lHe oC)'IlIe- CTBNlIOT CBoe npaBO Y'I8CTIfSI B pe<tJepeHAYMe no Mecry CBoero np0>KMBdHHSI HiJ. COOTBE'TCI'1J}'lIJJ;llX Y'IaCTKax. nOCheAHHE' '1dCTO COBf1iIAdIOT C H300paTeAbHbIMM y<rdCTKaMH. 06S13dTeAbHbIM Af\5J. npoqeAypbJ pe4JepeHAYMoB SlBJlJleTCSI npHHqHn rAdrnOCTM. Bce perneHMSI, KdCdlOll\MeUI Jl.leCTHOro pe- ci:lepeHAJMd, d TaK.JKe BonpocoB, BblHOCMMbIX Hd pet1JepeHAJM, AO- BOASlTCSI AO CB€A€HHSI JKHTeAeH, B TOM '1HCA€ n}'TeM ony6J\lJKO- BaHIDI ynOMSlH}'TbIX perneHHH MeCTHbIMH cpeACTBaMM MiiCCOBOH IIH4JoPMdqlDl. flpSlMbIe H:\Ii[ KOCBeHHbIe orpaHH'leHID1 npas rpd)KA8H Ha }"Iacrne B pe<tJep€JJAY1"1e B r. PSl3aHH B 3aBHCHMOCTII OT npOHCXOJI\AeHIffi, pacoBOH 11J\lJ HaqHOHaJ\bHOH npHHClAheJKHOCTH, nOAa, oopa30Sd- HHH, Sl3b1Ka. OTHOWeHHSI K p€'IIlIl'IIH, I10AHTH'IeCKHX lIlIHbIX B3rJIJI- AOB, POM H XapaKTepa 3aH.!ITHH 3anpell\aIOTCSI. A,aHHbIe npHHlJ;llI1bI onp€AeNlIOT AeMOKpaTIf'leCKllH XapdKTep npoBeAeHlliI MeCTHOro pe4!epeHAYMa 11 pe4JepeHAYMOB BOOOll\€. 0603Ha'leHHble np11ImHnbl Halililli 3dKpeIlAeHH€ B <DeAepaAbHOM 3dKOHe OT 6 OKTH6psr 2003 r. (06 06ll\HX npHHqllJIaX opraHH3aqllH MeCTHoro CaMOynpdBAeHHSI B POCCnfiCKOH», B 3dKOHilX 0 MeCTHOM Cill'lOynpaBAeHlUI B "P.H3aHCKOH 06AacTII», «0 pe<tJepeHAYMe B PSI- 3dHCKOH 06AacTI1>J. 53 
PetlJepeHAj'M lIB TepplITOpml r. P.II3aHH He IIpOBOAIITC.II B YCAO- BH.IIX BoeHHoro HAM 'lpe:mbI'laHHOrO nOAOJKeHH.II, a TaIUKe B Te'le- HHe >JPex Mec.IIqeB nOCAe OTMeHb! BoeHHoro lllill'lpe3Bbl'laHHOro nOAO>KeHH.II. fTpaBoHdf'li1crneBMeCTHO!>lpe4>epeHA)'MeHMeKYrBCerpd.>KAd.- He POCCHH, AOCTlIrllIHe 18 J\.eT, npO>KHBdlOIqlIe Ha TeppHTOpHH MY- HllI..IllnaAbHOrO 06pd30BaHHSI f. P.II3dHb. He I1MelOT npasd y<W.CTBO- BdTb B MecrHoM petlJepeHAj'Me AMqd. npl.J3HaHHb!e CYAOM He,II,eeC- nOC06Hb!MH. HHHql1dTHBd nJX::>IJeAeHIDI pec}:lepeHJ\YMd nplfHaAi\eJKHT rpaJKAa- HaM, I1MelOJ..qI1M npaBO Hd yqacTHe B pe4JepeHAYMe. KaJKAblH rpdJK,ll,dHl1H HAM rpyrn:ra rpdJKAdH M0IYI' 06pa30BilTb HHHqHdTIIB- H)'IO Ipynrry AMI npOBe,II,eHIDI MeCTHoro pec}:lepeHAYMd (He MeHee 10 'IeAOBeK). HHI1Ql1ilTOpO]'>j MO.>KeTTdK>Ke BblCfynHTb 06J..qeCTBeH- Hoe omeAHHeHHe, 3dpert.JCTpHpOBilHHOe oprdHCIMl.J IOCTHqI1H 3a weCTb MeC.IIQeB AO AH.II 06pal.l..leHH.II C HHJJQnaTIIBOH npOBeAeHl.JSI pe4JepeHA}'J'Ia. B 3TOM cAyqae pyKOBOAHl.I..IllH opraH TaKOra o6rqecT- BeHHoro o6'beAHHeHHSI BblcTynaeT B Ka'leCTBe HHI1QHaTHBHOH rpyrn:rb! no npoIJeAeHlIlO MeCTHoro pec}:lepeHAj'Md. He3aBHCllMO OT 'lHCAeHHOCfH. HHHQl1dTIIBHIDI rpyIDIa no npOBeAeHHIO pe41epefIAYM3 06parqd- €TOI B M)'HHQHnaAbH)'lO l1:IDnpaTehbH)'lO KOMHCCHIO, il B CAy<W.e ee OTCyrcTBi1.!1 - B npeACTaBHTehbHb!fi: opraH MeCTHoro caMo:ynpaSAe- HH.!I C XOAilTaHCTBOM 0 perl.JCTpaqHH rpynnb!. B XOAilTdficTBe AONKHbI COAeplKaTbCSI BonpOCbl /llIOO TeKCT npoeKTa HOpMilTl.JBHO- ro npaBoBoro ilXTa, npe,v.araeMoro HHl.JqHaTHBHOH IpynnoH AMI BblHeceHIDI HCI MecTIIbIH pe4lepeHA)'M TaM JKe }'Ka3blBdIOTOI Bce Heo6xoAlIMb!e AilHHb!e 'lheHOB HHl.JqHaTHBHoH IpynnbI., d TillUKe hHQ, }'TIDI\HONO'leHHbIXAeiicTBOBilTb OTHJl.leHHTilKoii Ipynnbl. K xo- AdTaficTBynpl-lM.rileTCJ'i npoToKoA C06pdHI1SIIJHI1QHCITI1BH0i1 rpyn- nb!, Ha KOTOpOl'1 npHIDITo pewelille 0 BbJ,ll,Bl1JKeHHI1 I1HI1QHCITHBb! npoBeAelillSi pe4JepeHA)'Ma. <DoPMYAnpoBKa Bonpoca, BbIHQCHMO- ro lIB pec}:lepeH,l'YM, He MO>KeT 6b1Tb H3MeHeHd nDCAe perl.J1 "IillQIIaTl.JBHOfi rpynnbl. B 113611pil"fel'11£)'10 KOMHCCHIO r. PSl3dHI1 noc'I)'IIillOT XOAilTilfi- CTBd OT pa3A1f<1HbIX I1HlH.\IIaTHBHbIX Ipynn. HHHI.\IIilTHBbI 0 IIpOBe- AeHHIf MeCTHbIX pec}:lepeIJAYMOB KilCillaI'CSI BHeCeHIDII13MeHeHHH B 54 
YCTaB ropoAA npnBaTH3aqIilf M}'HlfqIinMbHblX TeTlhOBblX CeTeM, CereM BOAOcHBfiJKemUl, 3AeKTpOCeTeH B r. PH3aHll II AP. KOMllCCll- en MeCrHoro pec}:lepeH,ll,YMd BCl'\E'ACI'1JHe npoqeccy3AbHoro HecoOT- BeTCTBlliIllHHqllilTHBbI pe4JepeH,ll,YMOB 6bIllli OTKAOHeHbI. .!U1llIb YCTaHOBHB COOTBeTCTBlfe xOA3TanCTBa HHHql1aTllBHon rpyrmb! If npl1AOJKeHHblX K HeMY AOKYMemOB Tpe50BaHlISiM tDeAP- pMbHOrO 3aK0H3 «06 OCHOBHblX rap3HTll.llX 1f30I1p<rreJ\.bHb!X npaB 11 lIpaBa Ha yracrHe B pec}:lepeH,ll,YMe rpaJKAilH POCClffiCKOfi tDeAe- PaI.lHH» H 3aKOHa PH3aHCKOfi o6AacrH ,,0 MeCTHOM pe4JepeH,ll,YMe B PSl3aHCKOH 06/1ilCTI1» B Te'leHHe 15AHeH co NUl nCCl)'lll>€HlUI XO- AaTaHCTBa npHHI1MaeTCH perneHHe 0 perncrpaqnn IfHHqIiaTHBHOH rpyrn:rbl, BblAaeTCH 12M perHcTp3ll;llOHHOe CBHAeTeJ\bCTBO If 113Be- rn;deTCH npeACTdBHTehbHbIH opraH MeeTHoro caMOynpaBl\eHIfH, d TdK.JKe COOOrn;deTCSI 06 :nOM B CPfi'ACTBd MaCCOBOH IfH4JOPMaqMlf. B cAyqae OTKa3a B perHCTpaqnl1l11l11qnaTHBHOH rpynne no npOBeA,eHl'1I0 pe41epeHA)'Md BblAdeTCSI pernelll1e, B KOTOpOM YKd- 3bIBdlOTCSI OCHOBdHIfH OTKd3a. OCHOBdHHeM OTKa3a B peI'l1CTpa- qHIf MOJKeT 6bITb TOAbKO HapymeHl1e llHIfQlfaTHBHOH rpynnOH AeHCTB}'lOrn;ero 3axOHOAdTehbCTBd If YCTdBd M)'HI1QHnMbHOrO 06- pil30BdHlliI. C MOMeHTd nOAyqeHIfH perHcTpaQHoHHoro CBlIAeTeJ\bcTBa IfHI1LJ;HaTI1BHd51 rpynna BnpaBf2 opraHH30BdTb c60p nOAnl1CeH rpdJKAd.H B nOAAepJKKY HHHLJ;HdTi1BbI npoBeAeHHH peci:lepeHA)'Ma. npl1 ::ITOM yqlITbIBdlOTCH MUllb nOAITl1cn, c06paHHbIe noCAe /JjJ.TbJ. pen.JCTpaLJ;l1n I1HI1QI1aTHBHOt:i rpynnbI. PacxoAbl, CBSl3aHHbIe co C60POM llOAIIHceH, HeceT IfHllqIiaTHBHillI Ipynna. MeCTHbIH pec}:lepeHA)'M Ha3Ha'iaeTCH TOAbKO Ha KaAeHAdpHblH BbIXOAHOH AeHb, HO He Hd npd3AHll'IHbIH AeHb. P5l3aHCKHH ropoAc- KOM COBeT 06H3dH Ha3Ha'iI1Tb MeclHbIH peci:lepeHAYM B Te'ieHHe 30 AHeM co AID'! nOC'T}'TlheHI1H AOK}'MeHToB 0 Bb!ABllJKeHI1H IfHIfLJ;H- aTHBbI IIpOBeAeHlliIl'>leCTHOro peci:lepeHA)'Mi!. nOAroTOBKY 11 npoBeAeHI1e MeCTHoro pe4;epeHA)'Ma, 3all\llT}' npaBa rpaJKAaH Hd yqocTHe B HeM ocyrn;eCTBMIeT H36HpaTeAbHillI KOMHCClliI M}'HIIQlmMbHoro 06pa30BdHlUI r. PH3aHb. npOBeAeHlf1O rOAOCOBdHHH no BonpocdM pe4JepeHA}'Ma npeA- rnecrnYeT afHTdLJ;IDI, YCAOBlliI KafOpOH B LJ;eAOM exoAMbI e npf2ABbI- 60pHOH iITlITdQHeH. rOAocoBaHlfe B npoBOAHTCH TaKHM JKe 06pd- 55 
30M, 'ITO H rOAOCOBaHlIe Ha BbI6opax. B 610MeTeHe NI5f rOAOCOBa- HID! Ha pec}:lepeHAJ!"1e TOQHO BOCnpOH3BONITCH TeKCT BbIHeCeHHO- ro Ha pec}:lepeHAj'M BOnpOCd 11 }'Kd3bIBaIOTCH BdpMdlITbl BOAeI13'b- HBAeHID! rOAOC)'IOll\erO CAOBdMI1 (Ad)} HAll (HeT», nOA KOTOpbIMI1 nONern;dIOTCH nYCTble KBa,LIJ)dTbl. B CAyqde BbIHeCeHI1H Ha pectJe- peHAYM HeCKO.l'lbKl1X BOnpoCOB, BdpMdHTOB HOpNdTI1BHOrO dKTd (ero nOAO.>KeHI1i1) OHH MOryr BKlUO'JdTbC5I B OAHH 610MeTeHb Af\5I rOAOCOBC'lHHH HC'I pe1:!epeHAYMe, npH 3TOM BonpOCbI, BdP"C'lHTbI HOpMaTIJBHOrO dKTd (ero nOAOJKeHI1H) nIJCAeJl.0B<IT'elU>HO H)'Mepy- IOTCH " OTAeASlIQTCH APyr OT APyrd ropM30HTdAbHbIM" AlIH"HMH ECAlI Ha pec}:lepeHAj'M BbIHeceHbI BdpHilllTbl HOplVldTI1BHOrO dKTd {ero nOJ\OJKeHl1ii}, TO B 610MeTeHe AlI60 BOCnpOlJ3BONITCH ero (HX) TeKcT, hH60 0AB03Hd'lHO onpeAeAIIeTUI COAep.JKdHHe 3TOI'OTeKCTd rOAOCOBdHl1e HBASleTCH Tdi1HbIM. rpCUKAaHe CdMOCT05lTeAbHO 3dnOAHHIOT 61OMeTeHI1 B Kd6HHe TatiHoro roAOCOBdHHH nOCAe OKOH'idHI1H I'OJIOCoeaHI1H }"IaCTKOBdlI KOMI1CCI1H npoBO- /Jl'IT nOAClIeT rOAOCOB "3a» H (IIpOTIlB», o6cy.»c:AaeT IITQm fOAOCOBa- HID! 11 BROCHT I1X pe3}'hbTdTbl B npO'IOKOA I'OAOCOBdHI1H. KoMI1CCID! no npOBefl,eHI1IO NecTHOl"O pectJepeHA)'Mii Ha OCHOBdHliH npuroKo- 1\.OB Bcex yqdCTKOBbIX KOMllCCHti onpeT 1IT0m pe4;epeHA)1Md PeweHHe no BblHeCeHHoMY Hd MecTHbIi1 pe4JepeHA)1M Bonpocy C'lHTdeTCH npl1HHTblM., eCAH 3d Hero nporOAOCOBaAO 60Aee 50% rpa.JKAaH, npi1HHBWi1X yqClCTi1e B pec}:lepeHA)'Me. np"HHTb yqClCTi1e B pec}:lepeHAj'Me, 'lT06bl OH 6bU1. npH:mC'lH COCTOHBWI1MCH, AONKHO He MeHee 50% o6rn;ero 'lHCM CPd)I(AdH, i1MelOlQI1X npdBo yqdCTBO- BdTb B MeCTHOM pe4JepeHAyMe. Pe3yhbTdTbl NecI'HOro pec}:lepeHJI,yMd MOryr 6hITb npl13HdHbl He- AeikTBI1TeAbHbIMl1 113-3d AonYIIJ;eHHbIX B xOAe pec:tJepeHAj'Md I1Al1 npH nOAc'JeTe roAOCOB HapymeHI1H 3dKOHd 0 NecTHON pec}:lepeHAY- Me, nOBA1JHBWI1X Hd pe3y.I\bTdTbI: rOAOCOBdHfUI. I1Torl1 NeCTHoro pe4JepeHA)'Ma ny61\.I1KyroTCH B MeCTHbIX cpep,CTBax MaCCOBOt1 Hl«}.Jopt>1CIqH", a TaM, CAe OR" OT<.}lTCTBYIOT, AOBOAHTCH AO cBeAeHHH rpaJKAdH HHbIM n}'TeM KOMHCClJell MeCT- HOro pe4JepeHA)'Md He n03AHee AeOIT" ABell co MUI OKOH'idH"H rOAOCOBdHI1H. npl1ID1TOe Hd MeCTHOM pe4JepeHAYMe perneHl1e rry6Al1KyeTcH He nOJAHee CeMI1AHeii: C AdTbI nOCAeAHero rOAOCOBdHl1H no Bonpo- 56 
cy, BbIHeCeHHOMY lIB pe4JepeHAYM, H BCTynCieT B CHAY B AeHb Orry6hHKOBilllHSl, eCAH B CiJ.MOM perneHHH pe4JepeHAY1\'lil He npe- AYCMO'IpeH HHOll CpOK. Pernemrn, npHH5ITbIe Hil MeCTHOM pec:tJepetfAYJ'!e, HMelOT 0651- 3iJ.TeAbHbIH xapiJ.KTep H He 'Ipe6yK!T KClKOrO-AHGo nOATBep;>KAeHH5I. PerneHj.{e, npHIUIToe Hd MeCTHOM pet}JepeHAYMe, MOIRe-! 6b1Tb OTMeHeHO IIAlt H3MeHeHO n}'TeM npHHSlTIUI HHoeo perneHWI Hd MeCTHOM pec:tJepefIAYl\1e, HO He pdHee NJYX AeT nOCAe era npHfrn- TIUI, AHGo npH3HdHO H€AeOCrmITellbHbIM B CYAe6HOM nOPHAKe. TiJ.KHM 06PiJ.30M, rAdBIIB5I qellliocTb HHCTH'ryra MeCTHora pe- 4JepeHAj'Mil COCTOHT B B03MOJKHOCTH era HCnOAb30BaHIffi HaCeAe- HHeM no C06CTBeHHOH BOAE, 6e3 CClHKl\Hll OprdHOB MeCTHOrO ca- MoynpilBAeHHfI HAH HHhlX npeACTClBHTeheH BhClCTH MeXClHH3M npllHflTIUI perneHI1H Hd pe<}.JepeHAYMe NOlReT 6h1Tb BOCTp€'6oBaH KdK aAbTepHiJ.THBiJ. npeACTdBlITeAbHOM)' HapOAOBAiJ.CTHIO, B 'liJ.CT- HOCTH, B TeX CAY'lCl5IX, KOrAd OprdHbI MeCTHOrO CdMoynpdBAeHJJSI He nplffiHMiJ.1OT Heo6xOAH"-lOro pellleHHSI HAH npHHHMiJ.IOT pernp- HH5I.. He cOOTBeTCTB}'lOllIHe MHeHHIO 60AblillIHCTBd JKHTeAell M)'HH- qHnaAbHOra 06pd30BilHH5I. 
rI1aBa 5 OTBETCTBEHHOCTb 3A HAPYWEHI1E M3EiL1PATEflbHblX nPAB rpPJl\QAH 3a nOCAeAHHe roA,bI BbIGOpbJ 11 peepeiW'M npO'!HO BOWAll B }IO:l3Hb poccHficKoro oGILIeCTBa B Ka'!ecrBe peaAbHO q:.YHIU.\lIOHIf- P)'lOILIlIX llHCTmyI'OB HenOCp€AC'fB€HHoii: AeMOKpaTlIlI. nplIHI1Mill1 BO BHlIMaHl1e nO/UITH'lecK)'lO 3Ha1,llfJl.IOCTb H3GlIpaTeAbHbIX npaB H npaBa rpa)!(AaH Ha y<lacTl1e B BbIGOpax" pe41epeHAYMe, yroAOBHoe 3aKOHOAaTehbCTBO np€AYCMa1plIBaeT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 3a COBep- llIeHlIe oGll\ecrBeHHo onaCHbIX HapyrneHl1fi, nplI'llfH51lOll.\lIX 3Ha- 1,IwreAbHblfi BpeA oxpaHHeMblM npaBOBb1MI1 HOpMaMlI oGILIecTBeH- HhIM OTHOllleHIDIM B c4Iepe opraHlI3aI.\lIlI 11 npoBeAeHIDI BbI6opOB I1pec}:lepE'IV\Y1'IOB. 3a HapyllIeHl1e 1I3Gl1paTeAbHb!X npaB rpdJKAd.H If npaB3 rpd)K- Ailli Ha }"IdCTIIe B pe4;epeHAj'M€ C}'llI;ecrsyeT yroAOBH8JI, aAJl.1IfHlI- CTpdTllBHdH, IOplfAlI'IeCK8JI, KOHCTlITY:U;110HHo-npaBOBillI: OTBeT- CTBeHHOCTb. YrOAOB.HCIR omsemcmsel!HOClilb HaCT}'TI3eT 3a COBepWeHl1e oco- 60 Cepbe3HblX. 06ll\ecTBeHHo onaCHblX HdpyweHl1fi, KOTOpbIe Yro- J\.OBHbIfi KOAeKC P<!> np1I3HaeT npecTYJIII-eHIDIMlI. 3a COBepWeHl1e 60Ab!lIlIHCTBa 3AeKTOpaAbHblX HapyrneHl1fi B PocCHficKOfi <!>eAepdQI1I1 ycrdHdBAI1BaeTCH ugMuHucmpamUBHuR omsemcmseHROClilb. KOAeKc P<!> 06 <JAMlIHllC1pdTIfBHbIX npaBOHd- pyweHIfHx npeAyCMaTpl1BaeT Wl1pOKllH cneKTp HapyweHI1H Tpe- 60BaHiul 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBa 0 Bbl6opax, OTHOCRll.\lIXCH K pa3HblM CTp}'KT)'PHbIM 3AeMeHTdM 1136lfpiITeAbHoro npoQecca.. K pa3HbiM c4IepaM npeABbJ60pHOfi AemeAbHOCTH. B CdJl.!OM 06IL1eM Bl1Ae IOpugu'IeCl<.W! omsemcmseHHoclilb CBO- AlITCR K o6H3dHHOCTII Ai1qa, HdPynIl1Bwero TpeGoBdHlliI npaBoBblX HOpM, nperepneTb onpeAeMleMbIe f:05I Hero rOCYAapCTBOM He6Ad- ronpII>ITHbJe nOCA€ACTBlIH ero nOB€Aemrn 58 
B 3ilBitOlMOCTH OT urpdCAeBOH npHH<\lVI-e.JKHOCTlt H xapdKTepd CdHKqH:H Bbl,ll,eMllOT pd3hH'1HbIe BHAbllOplfAH'lf2CKOii OTBeTCTBeH- HOCTIf. OrneTCTBeHHDCTb 3d HdpyIlleHllil TpeOOBdHlIH H36HpdTeAb- HOro 3al(0H0Js,a'1eJU.CTBa, KOTOpa.ll. YCAOBHO MO:>KeT(ibITb 0603Ha'ieHa HHTerpHpOBaHHOH KarerOpHeH «3AeKTOpaAbHa.H ('1I'I;'€T(.meHHOCTb», BKAlO'Ider B Ce6H Mepbl KOHCTHTYI.\HOIlliO-npdBOBOH, yrOAOBHOH. 1J,lI,MHHHCTpdTIlBHOH H B Onpe.ll.eJ\eHHblX ChY'ld5IX rpaJKAaHCKO-npa- BOBOH arBeTCTBeHHOCTH. npHMeHeHlle TeX HIUf HHbIX CaHKIJ;HH H Mep OTBeTCTBeHHOCI'II 3aBHCIIT OT xapaKTepd KOHKperHbIX mpy- llIeHHii Tpe60BdHHiI H36HpcrrehbHOro 3dKOHOAiITeAI>CTBa H crem,'- HH HX 06Il.leCTBeHHoi1 onaCHOCTI1 28 . KOHcmumYlIUOHHo-npaBOBaR OlIlBeI1lClllBeHDCIlIb pdCCI\1aTpH- BdeTCR KaK OC06bIll BHA lOpH,O,H'-IecKOH OTBe'I'CI'BeHHOCTH, 00AaAillO- IqHiI KaK 061l.lHMH npH3HaKaMH nOCAeAHell, TaK H OTAIf'IIfI'eJ\bIIBf ocooeHHOCT.HMH, 06YCAOBAeHHblMH ee reCHOll CB.H3blO C nOAJJTl1'leC- KOU OTBE:"TcrneHHOCTblO Ii SlpKO Bblpa:>KeHHblM ny6AwlHo-npaBOBbIM xapdKTepoM2'>. TdKdJI GI"BE'TCI"BeHHOCTb npeAYCNOTpeHd 3a HdPy- llIeHHe KOHCTIIT}'lIHOHHo-npdBOBblX HOpM, B 'ldCTHOCTH HOpN H3- 611pdTeAbHoro npdBd, H HilAaI'derCH nocpeACTBOM npHMeHeHIDI K npdBOHapyrnHTeJ\lO cneqn4M'lecKHX CaHKI.\HH 3a mpymeHl1e 113611p<rreAbHbIX npdB rpaJKAdH B COOTBeTCTBHH C 4JeAepaAbHbINH 3dKOllilMH OTBeTCI'BeHHOCTb Hecyr J\HLjd: I) npenSlTCTBYJOI.I'He nyreM HaCI1A1151, 06MdHa, yrp03, nOAhOI'a HIUf HHbIM cnOCOOOM cB06o"lI,Ho'\IY OC)'II.\eCTBI\eHHIO I'pa:>K- ft,dHHHOM POCCHHCKOll <DeAepaql.JH npaBa K..6HpaTb H 6bITb H36paHHblI\1; 2) Hcn0Ab3}'lOIl.ll1e npeHM)'II.\ecI'Ba CBoeI'O AONKHOCTHOI'O HIUf cAYJKe6HOrO nOAOJKeHWI B qeMlx H30pdHWI, nOAY'leHHH JKeAaeMOrO OTBeTd Ha Bonpoc pec:t>epeHAYMd; 3) npHH)'JKAdK>IqHe rpaJKAdH HIUf npeIDnCTB}'lOIqHe HM CTa- BHTI. nOAIIHCH B nO,llAepJKKY KaHAHAdTd, H36HpdTeAbHoro 06'beAI1HemUI, H36HpdreAbHOI'O 6AoKa, HHHqHaTIIBbl npo- BeHIDI pec}:lepeHAJMi1, a TdlOKe y<mcTB}'JOl.I.\lle B nOMeAKe AdHHblX nOAIIHceH; :!IFO/tDBUHA.r.lh6Hp<rreIlbHDenpaBOPOCOIII.M 20CJl.C 312 .. KymaqJU}j D.E. npBAMeT KOtICTHTYIJ,llOHHoro npaBa. M, 2000. C 30. 59 
4} e nOAKyn H36HpdTeAell:, Y'iilCTIUfKOB pe- <tJepeHAYMa; 5} CBoeBpeMeHHO He C<txJpl>lIJpoBaBIlIl1:e H He yrO'lHHBIlIl1:e CBeAetuf.H 0 3dperncrpI'JpOBdHHhlX H36l1pdTeNlX, yqaCTHI1- Kax pe4IepelJAYI'fa (cnHCIUf H36HpaTeAell:, Y'iilCTHHKOB pe- <tJepelJA}'}fa); 6} pacnpOCTpdmlK>e 3aBeAOl>lO J\.O)!(Hhle CBeAeHHfI 0 KdH- AHA,aTdX t1AH COBepWalOutt'le HHb!e AeficTBHH, 1I0pO'ldl.l\He '1eCTh H AOCTOllHCTBO KaHAHAdTOB; 7} HapyrnalOe npaBd 'l/I.eHOB HWllpareliliHhlX KOMHCCllll:, KOl>lHCCHii: pe<tJepeHAY1'1d.. B TOM '1HCAe C npaBOM COBelQd- TeAhHOI'O roAoca, Ha61UOA<ITeAell:, HHOCTpaHHhlX (l>IeJKAY- HapOAHhIX) HaI, AOBepeHHhIX.lillLl KaIJAHAdTOB, AOBepeHHhIX .lillLl H ynOAHOMOqeHHhIX npeACTaBlf'Te'!.ell: H36HpaTeAbHblX OUbeAlIHeHHH (6AOKOB), HHlJLlIJaTHBHblX rpynn no npOBeAeHHIO petl>epeHA)'Ma, npeACTaBHTeAeii: cpeACTB l>faCCOBOll HHclJOpl>IaLlHH, B TOM '1HChe npaBO Ha CBoeBpeMeHHoe nOAyqeHHe HH4JoP H KOnHll: H36H- p<rreJl.bHbIX AOK)'MeHTOB, Ha 3asepeHI1e KOIlI1H YKd3aHHblX AOKYI'leHTOB; 8) HapyrnalOlQHe npaBllAd npOBe,lI,emrn npeABb16opHOH arH- TaLlHH, arHTaLlHH IIpH npOBe,lI,eHHH pe<tJepeJIAYMa, B TOM '1HCAe.lillQa., npOBOA,Hl.l..J,lJe anITdl.\IlK> B AeHb, npeAIDf'CTsyro- lQIu'i: ARlO I'OAOCOBamrn, H B AeHh I'OAOCOBdHlffi; 9} OCyuleCTBAHlOlQHe 6AaI'OTBOptfTeAbH}'1O AeHTeAhHOCTh, a TdIOKe H3rOTOBMllOl.l..J,lJe H pacnpOCTpilHSllOlQHe KOMMep- qeCK)'lO H HH}'lO peKl!.dMY B HapyrneHHe clJeAepaAbHhIX 3il- KOHOB 0 Bbl60pax H petl>epeHA)'Max, 10) He C03AalOI.l..J,lJe YCAOBtfH AMl npOBeAeHlUI MaCCOBhlX Me- pOnpHffi'Hll: B CAyqae, eCAHTdKaSl 06f13dHHOCTh B03hOJKeHa Ha HllX 3dKOHOM; II} Hap'fllIillOlQHe YCTaHoBAeHHhle clJeAepaAbHhlMH SdKOHaMH npdBHAd <tJHHilHCHpoBdHHH H36HpaTeAbHoH KdMIIdHHH, nOAfOTOBKlf H IIpOBeAeHlfH petl>epeHA)'Md, B TOM 'lHCAeAlf- Lla, 3dAeP.>KHBillOlQHe nepe'lHCAeHHe CPeACTB H36HpaTeJU.- (I) 
HhlM KOMlfCOUll'>f, KOMHCCIDIM peq,epeHl>Y1'fa, KaHAHAaTaM.. H36lJpaTeAbHhiM 06'heAHHeHHHM (6AOKaM), HHHl.\HaTHB- HhlM rpynIIilM no npoBE'AE'HIfIO peq,epeHAYMa; 12) CKphIBlliHe OCTaTIUf 1f36HpaTeAbHhIX 61OI".AeTeHeM HAll lJ3- rOTOBHBlliHe AOnOAHHTeAhHhIe, He Y'lTeHHhIe H36HPaTeAb- HOM KOI'JI'ICCHeM THpClJKH H36HpClTeAhHbIX 61OhAeTeHeM, 61OJ\I\eTeHPfI pe4JepE'HAYMa, OTKpenHTP-AhHhlX YAOCTOJlP- peHIIH; 13} npernrI'CTIJ}'JOLqHe IfJ'ill npOTHBo3aKoHHo BMelllHBillOIIUw- CH B pa601)' H36HpaT€:\hHhIX KOMHCCHfI, KONHCCHH pe1Je- peHA}'Ma AH60 BAeffI'eAbHOCTh 'lAeHOB KOMHCCHH CB.H3aH- H)'IO C HcnOAHeHlfeM IfMIf CBonx ofu!3aHHOCTeH; 14) nperurrcrBYJUllII€ f'OAOCOBaHlliO Ha H36npaTeAhHhIX yq3.CT- Kax, Y"acTKax pec}:>epeHA)'Ma; 15) HapYllIalOIltHe TaHHY COAOCOBaHHH; 16) npHHY}I(,l>,aIOll.\H€ H3611paTeAeH, yq3.CTHI1KOB pe1JepeHAY- Na rOAOCOBaTh BorrpeKH IfX co6CrneHHOl'I)' BhI6opy; 11) oC}'l4€CTBHBIlIHe nOAhor 1f36Hp<rrehhHHXAoKYMeIITOB, AO- K}'MeHTOB pe1JepeHA)'Ma.. COCTaBHBIlIHe H BhIAaBIlIHe 3C1Be- AOMO AO.IKHhIe AOK}'MelIThI... ocyIl.\8CTBHBIlIHe 3aB€AOMO HI?- IIpaBHAhHhlM nOACqeT rOAOCOB IfJ'ill }'CTaHOBAeHHe pe3}'Ab- TaTOB BhI6oPOB, pe1JepeIJAY1'fa, He npe,ll,CI'dBJlBllIHe IfJ'ill He ony6AHKOHaBIlIHe cBeAeHIDI 06 HTOrax roAOCOBaHIDI Bon- peKH B03l\OJKeHHhIIII Ha HllX 06J13aHHOC"l'mII; 18) HapYllIaIOIltH€ npaBa rpaJKAaH Ha 03ftaKOMAeHHe co cnlIc- KOl'I1136HpaTeAeti, yqacTHHKoB peq,epeHA)'MCl. 19} BhJAa10LqHe rpaJKAiiHaM H36Hp<lT€JlliHh1€ 6lOAAeTeHH, 6101\- AeTeHI1 peq,epeHAYMCI B qeNlx npeAOCTaBAeHI1S1 11M B03- MO)KHOCTII nporoAOcoBaTh 33 APynfX Mlq IfJ'ill rIpOI'OJIOCO- BaTh GOhee OAlloro pa3a B xOAe OAlloro H Taro JKe roAOCOB3- mrn AH60 Aa1OlL\He (Bll.\He) IpaJKAilHaM 3anOAHeHHhle H36HpaTeAhHhIe 61OM£'TeHH, 6lOI".AeTeHH pe1JepetlA)'Mil; 20) He IIpeACI'ilBhillOLqHe IfJ'ill He ny6AllKyroLqHe QT<[eThI 0 pac- XOAOB3HHH cpeACTB, BhlAeAeHHhlX Ha nOAfOTOBKY H npo- 61 
BeAeHHe Bbl6opOB, petlJepeHA)'Ma, q,HHaHCOBble OT'leTbI KilHAJ1AaTOB, 3ilperHCTpHpOBaHHbIX KaHAHMTOB, H36Hpa- TeAbHbIX OOl,eAJIH€HHH (611OKOB) H $1HaHCOBbIe Uf'leTbI 0 pilCXOAOBilHHH 61OAJ!<eTHbIX CpeACTB, BbIAeJ\.eHHblX Hil npOBeAeHHe H36HpaTeJ\.bHOH KaMnaHHH, nOAI"OTOBKY H npoB€AeHHe peq,epeJVI.YMa; 21) pa60T0AaT€hJ.:I, OTKa3b1BatOUJ)1e B np€AOCTdBAeHl111 npc- r-IOTpeHHoro q,€AepilAbHbI1'1I1 3aKOHaMI1 0 BbI60pax, pee- peHA)'Me OTnycKa AMI yqaCTI1S1 B Bbl6opax, pet}.JepeHAY!'le J\.lI6o B OCBo60JKA€HI1I1 OT pa6oTbl: AMI BbmOAHeHIDI. rocy- AdPcrneHHblX o6>13aHHoCTeif; 22) AOA.:nlOcnJble IIHQa roCYAdJX1B€HHbIX OpraHOB, He ocyw:eCT- BHBIlIHe no npeACTilBAeHHlO t136HpaTeAbHbIX KOMHCCHif, KOMHCCHt{ petlJepeHA)'1>1a npOBepKY HH4JOPMaLlHH 0 HaPY- llIeHH>lX q,eAepaAbHbIX saKOHOB 0 BbI6opax. pe4JepeHA)'- Me, HHbIX clJeAEpilAbHbIX 3aKOHoB H He npHH>lBIillfe Mep no npeCe'feHHIO TaKHX HapyweHlJH. KOHCTHTYl.\H>I B03hOJKHAd Ha opraHbl poecHifcKoro rOCYAap- CTBa Ba.:>KHble 06>13dHH0C'TI'I no oxpaHe H 3dIl.\HTe H36HpaTeAbHbIX npas rp<DKAaH. I1x AeSiTeAbHOCTb B 3TOH cq,epe 06eCne'lHBaa op- raHH3al..\l'lOHHo-npaBOBbie rapaHTHH H36HpaTeAbHblX npaB rpd)K- AaH. Bo MHOroM peahH3aQlliI H361IpaTeAbHbIX npas 3aBliCHT OT pa- 60TbI roCYAdPcrneHHbIX opraHOB H npeJK,l>,e Beero CYAe6HblX, AMI KOTOpbIX 4¥HKLlIDI. OXPilHbllI Silll\HTbI npdB, B TOM 'lHCAe Hs6Hpil- TeAbHbIX, BbJ,lI,eheHil B Kil'leCTBe nepBOO'lepeAHoif. 06ll\eH3BeCTHO, 'lTO 3all\lITa HapyweHHbIX npdB CYAOM HaH60- Aee l.\"BlIhllSOBilHHil., ChYJKlIT onpeAeMJIOll\eii: rapaHTlJeii: llX 06ec- ne'leHH>I. 113BecTHO H APyroe AO H€AilBHero BpeMeHH B POCCHH npaso rpa>KAaH Hd cYAe6Hyro3all.l111)' 6bI.1\O cyw;eCTBeHHO orpaml- 'leHO, a CaMI1 CYM>I He 06AaAaJu1 Toif CHAOH BAaem, KOTOPdB n03BO- MeT eH 6bITb npilKTIJ'leCKH He3aBHCI1MOH OT 3aKOHOAilTehbHOH 11 HCIIOJ\HIITeI\bHOHBAilCTeif. luo6bIe npilBd MOryr C'lHTilTbC>I rapdHTHpOBilHHblMH l\H1IIb TOr Aa, KorAa npH HX HapyweHIIII Ipa.JKAaHllH BnpaBe 06paTHTbc>I C }f(ClA060H B CYAH nOhyqIlTb 3illl\111)' npH 3TOM CYAe6HbIH nop>IAOK paccMOTpeHIDI. JKdh06 rp<DKAaH Ha HapyweHIDIIIX 1136I1paTeAbHbIX 62 
npaB HMeeT BeCl,Ma C}'lI-\eCTBeHHhIe npelfM}'llleCTBil nepeA C\AMlf- HlfcrpaTlJBHblM nOPHAKOl>l, npOlf3BOAHMbIM lf36HpaTehbHbIMH KO- l>IlfCCIDIJI.!H npe;>KAe Bcero, OH ocyrn;eCTB/lJleTOI OpraHOM, He 3aBII- ClfMbIM OTKoro 6b1 TO Hlf 6bI1\.O H nOA1lIfH5IIOlQIIMCHTOhbKO saKOiry. Bl>IeCTe C TeM OH o6eCne'iHBaeT 6ecnplfcTpacTHoe paccl>IOTpemre AMa, TaK KaK CYA, B OTAJoI'iHe OT APyrlfX opraHOB, pa3pewalOlltHX JKMo6bl rpa;>KAaH Ha HapyrneHIJe lf36HpaTel'\bHblX npaB, COBep- rneHHO He 3aHHTepeCOBaH B TOM I1Alf HHOM pe3YI'\bTilTe HX pac- CMarpeHlUl. B KOHCTHT}fl.IHH P<!> 11 COOTBeTCTBYlOIqliX 3aKOHilX H36Hpa- TeAbHbIe npaBil nplf06pelill nOMHHHo IOplf,l\,lf'ieCKOe COAep)KaHlfe H CTdAH np\¥,MeTOl>l cYAe6HOH 3ITbL B HliX l>Ioryr 6bITb 06.JKa- I'\OBilHbl perneHlUl H AeHCTBIDI (HAH 6e3AeHCTBlfe) H36lfpaTeAbHbIX KOMHCCHH, HX AOA)KHOCTHbIX I'\Hq, rOCYAapCTBeHHblX H o6me- CTBeHHhIX opraHoB, OpraHOB MeCTIforo caMoynpaBAeHlfH, Hapywa- IOmHe H36lfpaTeAbHhIe npaBa rpilJI{AilH. PeWeHI1H If AeHCTBlfH (6e3AeHCTBlfe) l>Ioryr 3aKMQ'W-TbCH: B HeH<13Ha'feHHH AaTbI BbI6o- pOB, HeHMheJKillI.J;eM 4x>PMlfpoBaHlfH H36lfpaTehbHblX OKpyrOB H Y'filCTKOB, B Henp<lBOMepHoM BKMQ'IeHI1H (HeBKMQ'IeHHlf) B cnlfC- Klf H36lfpilTeAeH - yqaCTHHKOB pellJepeHAY1'la, B OTKa3e o6rn;e- CTBeHHoMY o6ceAllHeHlflO B npaBe Ha Y'i"lCTlfe B Bbl60pax B Ka'ie- CTBe H36lfpaTeAbHOrO o6"be,.!I,irnemUl... B Helfi1A1\.e)Kall.jel>lllJopMI1PO- BaHlili H36IIpaTeAbHhIX KOMliCCffU. >KaJ,06b1l>1oryr B03HffKaTb B CBH3lf C BbIABIDKeHlfel>l KalWIAa- TOB B AenyraTbl If Hil BbI60pHhIe AOl0KHOCTt1, C Hapyx.ueHt1eM no- PHAKa c60pa no,rJHCeH H36lfpaTeAeH H AP. PellleHHH H AeHCTBHH (6e3AeHCTBlfe) H36up<rreAbHbIX KOMIICCHll Cy6'beKTOB P<D, OKPY)K- HbIX H36HpaTeAbHbIX KOMlfCClfH. AOJUKHOCTHbIX AHQ 3TlIX KOMlfC- CHll, KacalOLqI1ecH BbI6opOB npe3HAeHTa POCCHllCKOH <DeAepa- QIIH, AenyrilToB rOCYAapCTBelJHOU AfMbI, 06)KilAyKYTCH B CYAe co- OTBeTCTByromero cy6"beKTa. PellleHHH H AeHCTBI1H (6e3AellCTIme) TeppHTopHilAbHblX, OKPYJKHb!X (no BhI60pilM pert10HilAbHoro ypOBIDI) H Y'i"lCTKOBbIX H36lfpaTeAbHbIX KOMlfCCHll 06JKilA}'lOTCH B coarneTCTB}'JOID;IfX paHOHHbIX CYAdX. npHHHl>Iael>lbIe CYAaMll perneHIDI 06HSaTeAbHhI AJI5f IJcnOAHe- HHH COOTBeTCTByrorn;lfl>lH H36HpaTeAbHbIl>IH KOMHCCIJHl>IH H HX A01\JKHOCTHhIMlf AHqaMH, paBHo KilK H opraHilMlf rocYAilperBeH- 63 
HOt! BAaCTII, opraHaMH MecfHoro cilMoynpaBAeHHH, OOJ..qeCTBeH- HblMH 001:.eAHHeHHSlMH H MX AOA)I(HOCTHbIMH /lHltilMH, HHblMH CyUbeKTaMH H3fu1paTeAbHbIX npdBOUTHOllleHIUI. 3aJ..qHTa CYAOM OCHOBHblX H36HpilTe/lbHbIX IIpdB Ipa.>KAaH B CB.!I3H C I1X HapyweHHeM 3aKOHOM-OAHO 113 Bd)((HeCiIllHX HanpaB- /leHI1t! ero AeHTeAbHOCTII. ITpdKTllKa CYAil B 3TOt! c<t>epe HBAlleTCjI CilMOt! 06wHpHOCi 11 OXBilTblBaeT 3Hd'll1TeAbH}'1O IldCTb oe:iDeMil ero ny6AH'IHOH AeJ'iTeAbHOCTH. CilMOC1'OS!7€A1>Hd.\1 11 He3aBHCHI'1il.!l CY- Ae611dH HAaCTb, HcnOAIDIH pOAb 6dAaHCa BO B3aJIMOOTHOllleHHjlX oprilHoB 3ilKOHOAdTeAbHOH H HCIIOAHHTeAbHOH HAacTH, AOAJKHa 06eCne'lI1BilTb HenocpeACTBeHHoe AeHCTBl1e KOHCTI1TYQI1H SO Bcex c<t>epax 3ilKOHOAaTeAbHOH 11 npaBonpHMeHI1TehbHOH AeH- TeAbHOCTH H npe.>KAe Bcero rdpaHTHpOBdTb CYAe6H)'lO 3alllHTY 113- 6Hpil:reJ\bHblX rrpaB IpaJKAdH. OAHaKO yrOAOBH)'lO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh He06xoAllMO paccMdT- pHBaTh KaK Kpat!molO Mepy 60Pb6bl C npaBOHapyweHIDIMH B ::iTot! cq,epe, paCC'IHTilHHYIO lid IIdH60Aee Bp€AOHOCHble nOCHraTeAb- crna Ha OOLl\eCTBelllibIe OTHOllleHHH, onocpeA}'IOlll,H€ peaAH3ilQHlO H36Hp<lT€AbHHX rrpaB H npaBd Hil )"idCTH€ B peq,epeHA)'M€ rpd)((- AaH POCCHt!CKOH <D€AepaQHH. IT03TOMY, HecMoTpH Hil pacIIpoC'rpa- HeHHb]H xilpaKTep HapYllIeHHH 3ilKOHOAilTe/lbCTBil 0 Bbloopax H pe4JepeHA)'MaX. yrOAoBHo-npaBOBble CaHKltHH Hil npaKTi1Ke HMe- lOT AOCTilTO'JHO OrpaHH'JeHHhlHI'Jacurra6 npHMeHeHHH"". B nOAilB- /lHIOJ..qeM OOAblllHHCTBe CAY'IileB IIdPYIlI€HHH B opraHH3aQHH H npOBeAeHHI1 BbI6opoB H pe<t>epeHA)'MOB C IOPHAll'leCKOH TO'lKi1 3pemffi BnOAHe AOCTilTO'JHhlM 6bIBae-r IICnOAb30BaHHe !1-tep OTBeT- CTBeHHOCTIl, 3dKpellAeHHhlX B 1136HpaTeAbHOM H ilAMHHHCTpCITHB- HOM 3dKOHOJ¥ITt:'. B COOTBeTCTBI1I1 C AeHCTByIOlQHM 3aKOH0Ad-TeAbCTBOM ymAOB- HO IIdKd3yeMo BOCnpemlTCTBOBilHHe OC)'IQecrnAeHHIO rpa.>KAdHH- HOM CBOHX 1136HpaTeAbHbIX npaB 11M! npilBd }"iilCTBOBilTb B pe4Je- peHAYMe, il TaIOKe BOCnpenjlTCTBOBilHHe pa60Te H:IDHpcrreAbHhlX KOMHCCHH 11M! KOMHCCHH no ero IIpOBeAE'HHIO. TillOKe 3dKOHOAil- TeAbCTBOM 3ilnpelL!eHhlAeHHHH, CBH3ilHHbie C nOAKynoM, 06MdHOM. 30 Beget/.eeB lOA, Kw13eB C.A l'hGnp<nehbHble npaBOOTHOIIIeHID!1I ro- CYMPcmollnpaBo 1999 NQ5.C.28. 64 
npHMeHeHHeM HacHMIJIl\I1:50 C yrpo3Ou ero npHMeHeHtUI; COBep- llIeHHbIX l\I1:QOM C HCIIOAb30BdHHeM cBoero cAYJKe6Horo IIOAOJKe- HWIl\I1:60 IpynnoH l\I1:Q no npeABdpm'eAbHOMY crOBOpy IfAlf opm- Ht130BdHHOH rpynnOH. Oco6oe !1-teem CpH 3aKOHO aKTOB 3dHHMaeT €De- AepaAbHbIH 3aKOH OT 121110H.!I 2002 r. NQ 67-€D3 «06 OCHOBHblX ra- paHTH.!IX 1f36HpdTeAbHbIx npdB H npdBd Ha Y'ldcrne s pe1JepeHA)'- Me rpd.>KAdH POCCHiicKoii €DeAepaQIiH». COAepJKdl.QHecSi B HeM HOpMbI HMelOT npHOpHTeT HOA nOAOJKeHHHMH IfHbIX 3dKOHOAa- TeAbHblX aKTOB If paCC<UITdHbI Ha npOBeAeHlJe BbI6opOB II pe4Je- peH,ll,)'MOB hI060ro BHAd II ypOBIDI. f¥Jynre SdKOHbI (1JeAepaAbHbIe IJ perHOHaAbHbIe) AOA.JKHbI COO'I'B£'I'CrBOBdTb Tpe60BdHIJHM 3Toro 4JeAepoAbHoro 3aKOHa. BMeCTe C TeM B HIJX MOryr YCTdHaBAlIBdTb- CJI rapaHfHIJ 1J36IJpaTeAbHblX npaB II opaBd fffi -y'idCTHe B pe4Je- peH,AYMe Ipa.>KAaH POCCIJHCKOH €DeAepaQHIJ., KOTOpbIe AonOAHHIOT rapaHTHl1, opeAYCMOTpeHHbIe OCHOBOOOAaralOumr.! tPeAepaAbHblM 3aKOHOM 0 BbI60pax H perlJepeHA)'MdX HalI6o.r.ee 'laCTO BCTpe'ldlOlQlIeCH clJOPMhI HdpymeHiUl H36Hpd- TeAbHbIX npaB - :no, Bo-nepBbIX, BocnpellilTCTBOBaHHe IIX ocy- l.QeCTBAeHIIIO rpa:IKAaHHHOM; BO-BTOpbIK, BocnpenHTCTBOBaHIIe OC)'UIeCTBAeHI1IO rpa.>KAaHIIHO!1-t npasa Y'ldCTBOBaTb B pe1JepeHAY- Me; B-TpeTblIX, BocnpenHTCTBOBdHlfe pa60Te 1f36IIpaTeAbHOH KO- MHCCHII J1II.H KOMHCCIJH pe1JepeHA)'Md KaK KOMernaAbHOrO opra- Ha, OTBe'lalOll.\ero 3a opraHH3aQIJIO 11 npOBeAeHIIe Bbl6opoB IfAlf peq,epeHAYMa. BocnpemlTCTBOBaHHe peaAH3aQIiH rpaJKAdHl1HOM 1f36HpaTeAbHbIX npaB MOJKeT BbIpaJKaTbCH B aKTlIBHOH (AeiiCTBlUI) II naCCHBHOH (6e3AeHCnme)4JopMe. OHO MOJKeT 6bITb conpIDKeHO C 3axpbITIIeM II36lfpaTeAbHhlX Y'laCTKOB B AeHb I'OAOCOBaHIDI, OT- Kd30M B BbJAd'le II36lfpaTeAbHbIX 610MeTeHeH IfAlf YAOCTOBepeHIfH Hd npaso rOAocosaHllH, YHWlTO)l(eHHeM 1136HpaTt:'blXAOKYMeH- TOB, npllH}'JKAeHlJeM K Y'laCTHIO B Bbl60pax IfAlf rOAOCOBdHlIlO 3a (npOTI1B) KOHKpeTHbIX KaHAllAdTOB, npOTI1BOAeHCTBl1eM pa60Te lI3- 6IIp<1TeAlEb1X KOMIICQrn IfAlf KOMlIa:m1 no npOBe,A,eHIJIO perlJepeH- f.:YMa, CpbIBOM 3aCeAdHllH Tex IfAlf IIHblX K<JI'>DICCI1if, l\I1:WeHlIeM IJX B03MOJKHOCTII BbJ,lI,dBaTb 610AAeTeHllII nOABOMfI'b IITOfll roAOCoBa- Hlli!, 6AOKIIpOBaHHeM nOMeIQeHlfif 1f36llpaTeAbHbIX KOMHCCllH (KO- MllCCllH pe1JepeIJAYMC.) II AP}'TIlMll AeHCTBlli!Mll (6e3AeiiCTBlleM). 65 
npeCT}'IIAemfe npmmaeTCH OKOH'leHHblM C MOMeHTa COBepllJe- Hl-IH yroAoBHO-npOTI1BOnpaBHI:.IXAeflCTBl-Itf (6e3AenCTBl-IH) He3aBlI- CIJMO OT Toro, YAaAOCI:. Mi HapyllJHTeAtO peaAbHO BocnpemnCTBO- BaTh ocyrn;eCTBAeHIJlO rpCl.Jl<AaHl-IHOM CBOl-lX 1J36IJpaTehbHbIX npaB 11M! npaBa Y"IaCTsOBaTb B pe4Jepele, pa60Te 1136JJpaTehbHI:.IX KOMllCCl-IH HAIJ KOMIJCCI1IJ pe1JepeHA)'l"la. B llaCTH 2 CT. 141 YK PtD COAep)!(HTC.H llJeCTb KBaAH4JI1[.\IJPYIO- I.l.\IJX npIJ3HaKOS, 06YCAaBAl-ISalOI.l.\I1X nOBblllJeHH}'lO yroAoBHYIO OTBeTCTBeIlliOCTb: nOAKyn, 06MaH, npIJ1'1eHeHIJe HaCl-IM!.H, yrp03a nplJMeHeHlJ.H HdCIJM!.H, COBepllJeHlJe Ae.HHlJ.H C IJCnOhb30BdHIJel'l Bl-IHOSHbll'I CBoero ci\}'JKe6Horo IIOi\O)!(eHl-IH, coSepWeHlJe AeffHI1H rpynnoH Miq no npeABapmeAbHoMY croBopy 11M! OprdHl-I30BaH- Hoil rpyrIIloi1. nOAKyn np8Jl,CTaBJUIeT c060H nepeAd'l}' HAIJ o6erqaHl-Ie nep8Jl,a- IlIJ AeHe)!(HbIX CP8ACTB, no,apKoB, IJHblX MilTepl-laJ\bHbIX qeHHoc- TeH rpaJK,ll,aHlJlfY sa Y'fdcTHe (HeY"laCTHe) B Bbl60pax HAIJ pe4Je- peHA)'Me, rOi\OCOSaHl-Ie sa HAIJ npOTIfB KOHKpeTHbIx KaHAl-IAaTOB (BbIHeceHHbIx lID pe4JepeHAYM BonpoCOB), BocnperuITCTBOBdHlJe pa60Te H36IJpdTeJ\bHOH KOI'IHCCIJIJ HAIJ KOMl-ICClJl-I peilJepeHA)'Md. HaJJ60i\ee pacnpocrpaHeHHblH cnoc06 nOAKyrra - «noKynKa» ro- /l.OCOB 1J36l-1paTei\eH co CTOPOIlli! KalfAl-lAaTOB Ha Bw60pHbie AO/VK- HOCTl-I HAIJ '!AeHOB rpynn HX nOAAep)!(KH, oc06eHHo Ha CTa,lI,I1HAOC- pOIlHoro rOAOCOBaHl1ff'l. 06MaH -:no pacnpocTpaHeHHe 3aBeAOMO /l.O.>KHbIX CBeAeHI1H, HanpaBAeHHI:.IX Ha BBeAeHlJe B Ja6AY>KAeHlJe 1J36HpaTeAefi, ¥'WCT- HIJKOB pe<})epeHA)'Ma. KalJAHAdTOB, Ha6i\lOAdTeAeH, 'Ul.eHOB 1J361J- p<rreAl>llliIX KOl'll-lccllli (KOI'IHCCnH pec:tJepeHA)'l'la). OH MOJKeT BbI- paJKaTbCH B C0061.l.\eHHI1 I'\O)KHOH HHq>opMaqlllJ 06 0Tl'1eHe (nepe- Hoce) Bhl6opoB, 06 aHifY/l.lJposaHl11J perllCrpaqIIl-I Tex HAIJ IJHbIX KaHAl-IAaTOB, 0 Bpel'leHIJ IJ MeCTe rOi\OCOBaHIJH, s coseprneHlJ1J I1IlliIX nOAo6HblX AeilcTBI1H. HaCIJAHe MO)f(eT 6bITb CB5f3aHO C OKaJaHl-Iel'l 4JKUPfeCKoro B03- AeilcTBIJ.H, BWpa:>KaJOl.l.\erocH B YAepiKdHIJIJ. He3aKOHHOM /l.lJWeHHIJ " I"py:JgeBUA.H nOIDITHe 11 Hel<oTOpbIB c:pOpMhl npruIBl\eHH.II npecryIIlle- HllH, COBepWdeMbIX B yeAOBI1.IIX 1135llpaTeAhHOrO I1pOu;eCCd {KpHI'1lJHOAOrn- 'lecKHHiIHiIAlJ3)IIC'lli.1999.N12.C.40 «j 
CBo60AhI, no60ffil:, nplf1HfHeHlUI AerKoro Ii CpeAHeH TIDKeCTH Bpe- Ad 3,lI,OpOBblO. HCIIOhb3OBilHHe CA-yJKe6HOrO nOAOJKeHH.II B BOCIIperurI'CTBOBiI- HIiIi ocyrn;eCTBAeHHlO H36HpilTeAbHbIX npaB, npaBd Hil Y"ilCTIle B peepeH,I\.)'J'Ie, pa60Te KOl>lHCCHl1 B hlO6oH 4Jopl>le TdKJKe HBMleTCfI KBaAlI4JJ11U"IPYIOIl..\lIM npH3HilKOM A3HHOro npeCT}'I1Ae11l-lS1. BI-IHOB- HbIH, I-ICnOAb3Yfl CBOI-I nOAHOI'!O<mfl, MOJKeT H3bll'taTb y 1136I-1pa- TeAbHb!X KOMI-ICCHH (KOl>lHCCHH pe4JepeHA)'Ma) nOMeLl\eHH.II AMI rOAOCOBilHHfI IL\H oprrexHHKY, }'KAOHHTbCfI OT BbIAeAeHHfI BlOA- JKeTHblX cpeAcTB Ha npOBeAeHHe Bbl6opOB HAH peepeHAYMa, npenflTcTBoBdTb OprdHH3dQHH npeABbl60pHbiX BCTpe'l KdHAHAd- TOB C H361-1paTeMlI'II1 H T.j'J,. C'IHTaeTCH, 'ITO rOpaJAO 60AblillfH ape..'>, no cpaBHeHHlO c HHAHBHA)'dAbHbIMH nOCflriITE'.AbCTBilI\JH Hd H36H- paTeAbHbIe OTHoweHHfI CnOC06Ha npH'IHHHTb rpynna AHl.\ no npe..'>,BapI-lTeAbHOMY crOBOPY llilli opraHH30BaHHafI rpynna. CT. 142 YK pC!> ycraHilBAJJBaeTOTBeTcTBeHHocTb 3a qJilAbCH4JH- KaQHlO H36HpaTeAbHbIX AOK)'MeHToB, AOKYMeHTOB pe4JepeHAY1'1d, 3dBeAoMO HenpdBHAbHblll nOACqeT I'OAOCOB 1\11:60 SdB€AQl>IO Henpa- BHAbHoe ycraHOBAeHHe pe3}'AbTaTOB Bbl6opoB pe<lJepeHA)'Mil. Hil- pyIIIeHHe TallHb! I'OAOCOBdHIDI nOA <tJdAbCH4JHKaLll1eH H36HpaTeAbHblX AOKYMeHTOB Heo6xo- AHMO nOHHMilTb BHeceHHe B HHX 3dBeAOMO AOJKHblX CBeAeHHll, nOAAeAKY, nOAqHCTKY, nOMeTKY APyrHl>I qHCIIOM HAJJ H3MeHeHHe HX CO,ll,epJKillllUl "HblM cnoco60M, a TdKJKe H3rOTOBAeH"e nOMOJK- Hb!X AOKYMeHTOB. npH .::ITOM "36I1paTeAbHblMH AOKYMeHTaMH, AO- KYl>IeHTaM" pec:tJepeHA)'Mil IIpH3HaIOTCfI CIIHCK" m6HpdTeAeH llilli yqaCTH"KOB peepeHAYMd, nOAflHCHbIe 1\I1:CThI, 61OJ\AeTeHH, dKTbI npHeJ,U<D-nepeAdqH 6lO/\AeTeHell, YAOCfOBepeHH.II Hil npdBO rOAO- COBdHH.II, 3a51BAeHHfI H36lJpdTeAell llilli Y"ilCTHHKOB pec:tJepeHA)'Mil, npOTOKOAbI H PE'LUE'HH.II H"IfiHpaTeAbHblX KOMI-ICCHiil:lAIJ KOMHCCHH peepeJIAYl"la. 3aBeAOMO HenpaBJJAbHblH nOAC'-/eT rOAOCOB COCTOHT B npeAHa- MepeHHOM I-ICKdJKeHHlf p€3YAbTaTOB I'OJ.QCOBdHH.II, KOTOpoe MOJKeT 3aKAlO<laTbCfI B yae/l.H'IeHH" IYMeHbllleHH") qHCM H3611paTeAeH (Y"aCTHHKOB pe<lJepeHA)'Mil), BHeceHHbIX B cnHCKH H npHHflBllIllX yqacTHe B rOAOCOBdHHH; KOJI.H<lecTBil 61OAAeTeHeH, npH3HdHHbIX HeAellcrBHTeAbHblMH; qHCAd rOAOCOB, nOAdHHbIX 3d Toro llilli HHO- 67 
ro KaHAHAaTa (Cm-ICOK KalWIAaTOB) l\HEio B nOJlli3YTOro 1fM:I1IHOro pewemm BOnpoca, BhlHeceHHoro Ha peq,epeHA)'M. 3aBeAOMO HenpdmfllbHOe YCTaHOBI\.eHHe pe3}'J\bTdTOB Bhl6opoB HAll peilJepeHAj1Md BbIpaJKaeTCH B TOM., 'lTO BOnpeKH ilJaKTH'ieCKO- MY BOAeH3'h\1BAeHiflO H3fupaTeAeH, y>idCTIUfKOB peilJepeHAYMd, B HapyrneHHe >JPe60BaHHH 3aKOHa COCTOHBlllHeOI Bhl60phl 06'bHB- JI.,UOTCH HeCOCTOSlBWHMHCH, AeHCTBHTeAbHble - HeAeHCTBHTeJ\b- Hb!MH, l-I36paHHblH KaHAHAdT - HeH36pdHHblM H Ha06opOT. Ho nOCKOIlbKY OnpeAeAeHHe pe3}'Jl.bTaTOB Bhl60POB, peilJepeHAYJ"ld OT- HOCHTCH K HCKAlOI.JHTeJl.bHOMY BeAeHHlO H36HpaTellbHblX KOMHC- CHH, KOMHCCHH pec:lJepeHJ0'Md KdK KOJI.AerHdIlbHhlX OprdHOB, TO npHBAe..eHHe K OTBeTCTBeHHOCTlJ 3d TdKHe AeHCTBHH BhlrAlJAHT BeCbMd npo6J\e!\ldTlI'lHhlM, d pdCCMdTpHBdeMblH npH3HaK 06'beK- THBHO" CTOpOHbI - HilAYMaHHblM H AOCT3TO'iHO A€KJ\ap3THBHblM. HapyrneHIIe TaHHbI rOAOCOBdHHH 03Hd'ldeTC03AdHl-IeTdI(lIXYC- I\OBII", npn KOTOpblX MO}«HO KOHTpOAHpoBaTb BOAeH3'bHBAeHHe rOAOCyroIIU1X. npIIcyrcTBHe nOCTopOHHHX Jl.HQ npH 3drrOAHeHIIH 6lOAAeTeHeH, BbJAd'l<l npOH)'!\fepOBaHHhIX HAll IIHbIM OGpd30M no- Me'ieHHblX 6lOJJ\.eTeHeH. YCTdHOBAeHl-Ie B Ka6l-1HaX A1\5I rOAOCQBa- Hl-IH CneQIIaIlbHOH BHAeOdrmdpa.'rypbl, $IKClIpYIDlQeil npoQecc BO- l\eH3'h\1BAeHHH H36HpaTeJ\eil. B 3dKJUOI.JeHHe Cl\eA'jeTOTMeTHTb, 'ITO BCe HapymeHHH H36IIpa- TeAbHOrO 3aKOHOAaTel\bCTBa Bl\eKyr Cepbe3Hyro 06lQeCTBeHHyro OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, CpaBHIIMYlO C npaBOHapyweHHHMII, nOorralO- UlHMII Ha JI.lI'iHbIe npaBa rpa.;ll(AdH, Ha 6e30naCHOCTb rOCYAapCTBa, II Tpe6yroT iJ,lI,eKBaTHOrO II OTBeTCTBeHHOro pearnpOBdHHH. l\1o}«- HO OTMeTHTb, 'ITO KOllli'leCTBO KOH CHT)'aI..lHH CHH}«aeT- CH B TeX MeCTax, rAe npoBOAHTCH QeJ\.eHanpdBAeHHillI npo4JeccIIo- HaAbHillI nONOTOBKa OpraHH3dTOpOB H36HpaTeJ\.bHOrO npoQecca, npHA3eTC1I. BaJKHOe 3Ha..eHHe YCTpaHeHHlO HapyweHHHIJ36Hpa- TeJ\.bHOrO 3dKOHOAilTeAbCTBd II npdBOBOMY npOCBellleHHlO II36IIpa- TeAeH, co6AKJAaeTCH rl\dCHOCTb B pa60Te opraHH3aTOpOB Bhl6apOB no 06ecne..eHl-IlO II36HpdTeAbHhIX npilE rpaJKAdH. 
rJ1asa 6 AIITYAIlbHblE BonpOCbl PEAIl3AU 3E)PATEJlbHOrO npOUECCA B POCCiIICKO cDEJ:1EPAU 6.1. Au:CKYPC 0 peaJ\H3aqHU u36upaTeAbHLIX npaB UHOCTpaHHblMU rpiOKAaual\.lH Ha 8bloopax opraHoB MecTHOro cat.lOynpaBAeHuH B P<» BKNOl(eHl-Ie POCClm B f/l.06aAhH}'lO CeTh nOTOKOB Me"'A)'HapOA- HOi! I\.mrpaql-ll-l IJ npeBpall\eHlJe ee B Ml-IpOBOi! qeHTp MaCCOBOro nepeMern;eHIfR TpYAOBhlX r>mrpaHTOB BeAeT K qeAOMY KOMIIAeKCY npoGAeM s coqlfaAbHO-3KoHoMwiecKoi! If lIOhl1TI1'ieCKoi! JKH3HI1 pocrni!cKoro oGrn;ecTBd OAHI1M 113 AI1CKYCCI10HHb!X BonpOCOB pOITl1ikKOi! lIOl\lJTl1'IeCKoi! npaKTHKI1 BBMeTeR B03MO.JKHOCTh pea- /l.113aql-ll1 113GI1paTeAhHhlX npaB I1HOCTpaHHhlMI1 rpaJKA8.HaMI1 Hd BblOOpax opraHOB MeCTHoro CdMO}'llpaBAeHI1H. HCTOpllil KOHOIlliOro pd3BIITlliI HallIei! CTpilHhl 3HiJ.Me- HaTeAhHa pa3AI1'IHhlMI1 npaBOBhIMI1 nOAXOAdMI1 K onpeAe/l.eHl11O B03MO..>KHOCTlJ I1HOCTpdHl..leS nplfHIfMdTb Y"IdCTlJe B 1f3Gl1paTeAb- HOM npoQecce. Hd pdHHIJX 3TandX OTeqeCTBeHHoro HdpOAHOrO npeACTaBIITeAhCTBa }'JKe nplfC}'TC"fBOBaAlI 3AeMeHThI TdKOro yqac- TIUI.. AOCTaTO'iHO BCnOMHI1Tb onhIT 3eMCKl-IX coGopos, 113Glfpas- IlIIiX Ha POCCIJi!CKIJti: npeCTOA Qdpeti:. YqHTblBa5I, 'ITO B Ka'leCTBe B03MOJKHhIX KaHAHAdT)'p paCCNaTpl-lBdAHCb KaHAlJACnyphl I1HO- 3eNHhlX npl-lHQeB, d C3r>1IJ COGOphl OCHOBhIBaAHCb H3 npl-lHQl1lIe BhIOOpHOCTl-IlJ B /I.I1Tepcuype IfHOf,11,3 Ha3hIBaAlfCb «ll36l1paTe/l.bHbl- MI1 coGopill'>lIJI>, MO.JKHO C GoJ\bI..uoil AOAeti: yCAOBHOCTII CAeMTb Bbl- BOA 0 HdAeAeHIJI111H03eNQeB naCCI1BHbIM Il36l1paTe.l\bHbl!\l npasoM. B 60Aee n03AHHH AOpeBO/UOl.lIIOHHblti: nepHOA OTe'lecrseHHoti: IJCTa- pHIJ}'JKe AOMI1HI1pOBaJ\. nplJHqHlI nQ.!\AdHCTBa npH HaJl,eAeHI1H AlJQ Il3GlJpdTeAbHbli\1 CTdT)'COM. OAHilKO B n. 20 fA 5 nepBoti: pocCI1ti:c- (fJ 
KOll KOHCTIIH 1918 r. YCTaHilBAHBaAaCb JrndSl HOpMil, B COOT- B€TCTBHH C KOTOpOll "m1I3 COAH,ll,apHOCTH TPYNIll\HXCH Bcex Hil- qHll, POCCHHCKilll COQHdAHCTH'leCKilll @€AePilTIfBH<tlI COBeTCKilll Pecrry6AHKa npeAOCTaBJ'UIeT Bce nOAHTH'IeCKHe npilBa pOCCHllC- KHX IpCL>KAaH HHoC'rpaHQaM, np0)!(J1BaK'IlQlll'I Ha TeppHTOp1I1I POC- CuH:CKOH Pecny6AHKH N\5I TpyAOBbIX 3aIDITHH II npHHdJ\I'I.eJKall\HM K pa6o'lel'!Y KAaccy HAil K He nOhb3YJOll\eM}'CH 'iYJKHI'I TpyAOI'I Kpe- CTWlHCTBYm». B TeKCTax nocAeAYlOll\HX OCHOBHblX 3aKOHOB, 3a IICKlUO'IeHHeM n. 11 rA. 1 KOHC'I'HTfI-IHH PC@CP 1925 r., OTMe'i€H- Hill! HOpMa OTCyrcrnoBaAa 3anpeT Ha p€aAHSaQHIO aKTHBHoro H36IIpaTeAbHoro npaBa IIHOCTpaHHbll'l1I rpilJKAilHdMII coxpaHHAol B pOCCIIHCKOI'I npaBe BIIAOThAO npHIDITlliI@E!AepdAbHoro3aKoHdoT 19 ceHTH6pH IW1 r NQ 124-@3,,06ocHoBHblXrapdHTllflXI136HpdTeAbHblXnpanl1 npa- Ba Ha yqacTHe B pe4JepeHAYMe rpa/K,l\aH Poccm-ICKoll@eAepaQl1lI» (Ad/lee - BTOpoit paMO'iHbli1ll36I1paTeAhHbli13aKoH): naccllBHoro- AO BC'I)'Il1I.eHiffi B cHAY@E!AepdAbHoro 3aKOHa OT 30 MapTa 1999 r_ NQ 55-@3 {(O BHeceHIUt: H3MeHeHHi11I AOnOJ\HeHIIH B 11>eAepa1\bHllli: 3aKOH "06 OCHOBHblX rapaHTlliIx 1I3611paTeAbHbIX npaB II npaBa Ha yqacme B pe4JepeHAyr.le Ip<1JK,l>,dH PoccHi1cKoi1l1>eAep"n OOCAeAHuH: AOK}'MeHT B Bl1Ae o6ll\ero npaaHAa 3dnpelJ..jM IIHO- C1paHHbIM Ip<1JK,l>,dHaM oC)'lLIecTBA.<ITb AewreAbHOCTh. moco6cmyIo- UlYJO IL"J1 npenwrcTB}'IOll\}'IO BblABlIJKeHHIO KalWIAdTOB (COHCKOB KaHAHAdTOB), H36paHinO 3aperHcrplIpOBaHHbIX KaHAHAdTOB. OIe- BIJAHO, 'iTO :::ITa o6lQafl €}:!oPMYAHPOBKd BKlUO'IiJ.Ad 3anpeT Ha peaAlI- saqmo KaK aKTHBHOro, TaK II naCCHBHoro H36HpaTehbHoro npaBa IIHOCTpillD..\eB. WHCTBeHHoe IICKlUO'IeHlIe 113 3TOro npdBHAa 6bI11.o SaKpellheHO B n. 8 cr. 4 BTOpOro paMO'IHOro 113611pdTeAbHOro 3dKO- Hd B peA. 1999r., ycraHaBJlllBdlO:t..qeI'O, 'ITO B C<XJTBeTCTBIIH C i'Ie/KAY- HapOAHblMI1 AOroBOpar.11I Pt!> H C{)()1'B('TI:TB)'1Oll\llMII 1-11'1 qJeAepdAb- HbIMH 3dKoHal'rn, 3c1KOHaMH Cy6'b€KTOB Pt!> 1IH0C"Ip1HlIHe IpaJKAdHe, nOCTOflHHO npOJKI1BalOtu;lI€ Hil TepplITOpHI1 COOTBefCTBYlOlLIero M}'HIIQHnaAbHOro 06pa30BilHII5I, IIM€IOT npaBo 1I30HpaTb II ObiTh H36paHHblMI1 B opraHbI MeCTHoro cilMoyrrpaBAeHIffi Ha TeX >Ke yc- AOBIDIX, 'ITO II IpiiIKJ\dH€ P<!>. B IOpI1AH'leCKOH HayKe AeAdAHCb nOnbITKH 060CHOBdHHH npo- THBOpe'iIIBOCTH YKdSilHHOH HOpMbl Tpe60BaHHHM KOHCTII-ryD;HH 70 
ITo HdllleM)' MHeHHlO, TdKillI TO'lKa speHIffi He SlBMleTCH OOOCHO- BaHHOH AeHcTBHTeAhHo. CT. 32 KOHCTHT}'I-IHH npOBOSrAallldeT npdBO HMeHHO rpdJRAaH p@ H36HpdTh H 6bITh H36pdHHhlMH B opraHhl rocYAapcTBeHHoH BAaCTI1 H OpraHhl MecrHOI'O caMoynpaB- AeHIDI, d TaIOKe yqdcrnOBdTh B pe4JepeHA)'Me. OAHdKO CHCTeMdTH- 'leCKOe TOAKOBaIJHe :non CTaTbJ{ B COBOKynHOCTI1 C 'l. 3 CT. 62 KOH- Cnf'lyu;nH n03BOMleT pacnpOCTpdHHThH30HpdTe>u.lllile IIpilBd H Hd HHocrpaHHbIX Ip<1JK,il,dH, HO B npeAeAdX, YCTdHOBAeHHhIX 4JpdAb- HhIM 3aKOHOM llAH MeJK,ll,JHapOAHblM AoroBopoM P<J::I. TaKlIM oopa30M. A!I5I npeAocTaBAeHHH ffiU(IiOHaAbHOro peJKIlMa HHocrpdHqaM npH npOBeAem.JH MJ'HHqtmaAhHhlX BhI60POB B cocrr- BeTCTBHH C paMO'lHblM H30HpdTeAbHbIM 3illWHOM oqJeoOBaAHCh TpH YCAOBIffi: IICVJ{'IH Me)l{,ll,)'HdpuAHul"O AorOBopa C rOCYAapCTBuM (ro- CYAC-pCTBaMH), rpa:JKAdIffiM KOToporo (KOTOphIX) npeAoc- TaBASlIOTCH H30tfpaTeAhHhIe npaBa Iffi TeppHTOptfH POCCHH; npHIDITHe 4:JeAepaAhHOro 3aKOHa, pd3pelllillOll\em HHOC'lpaH- HblM Ip<1JK,il,dHC\M npHHHMaTh yqacTlIe B MeCTIlb!X BUI5opax; HaAH'lHe 3dKOlId cy6'heKTa P<J::I, 3aKpeIlMlIOrn;erO dHdAOI'H'l- Hoe npaBo. 3il1'>!eTllM., '1TO HeKGropblf' HCCAe/>,OBaTeAH npH dHaJ\M3e n. B CT. 4 BTDpOro pdMO'JHoro H36HpdTeAhHOrO 3dKOHa AOll}'CKBAJ:I aAbTeplId- TllBHoe TOAKOBaHHe B OTlIOllleHHH nOCAE!AHllX MJYX YCAOBHH yqa.c- THH HHocTpaHqeB B MYHHqHnaJ\hHbIX BhI60Pax. TaK, CA. ABaKWl.H OTMe'iaA HeOOXOAIfI\lOCTb oTpaJKeHIffi H30HPdTeAhHblX npaB OTMe- 'leHHhIX AlIQ "B ctJeAepaAhHOM 3aKOHe AlIOO 3aKOHe cy01:.eKTc1 P<J)>>. B.A. lI.eoeAeB TaIOKe AeMiA CCbIAKY lId ABa YCAOBHH peilAH3aQHH HHOCTPaHQd]I-Uf H30HpaTeJ\bHOrO npaaa: 3dKMO'IeHHe Me-*Aj'HdpOA- HoroAoroBopd P<!> H npHIDITlIe {(4JeAepaAbHOI'O 3dKOlId AlIOO 3dKO- Iffi Cy6DeKTd POCCHHCKOH @€AepaQHH». Ha HdJ1I B3rMlA, nocrpoe- HHe pacclI-1dTpHBaeMoH HOpMhl Bce >Ke npe,tI,IIoJ'oill'BM) COBMeCTHOe peryAHpoBaHHe yqaCTlIH HHocTpaHHbIX lpillKAdH B Bbl60pax KdK ilJe;.,epaAbHbIM, TdK H pernOHdAbHbIMH 3aKOHd/l!lli. Bnpm,jeM. TIO OhIAa He €AHHCTBeHHillI 3dKOHOAaTeAbHillI qx.p- M)'AlIpOBKa., Bhl3BaBIlIillI CAO>KHOCfH B TOAKOBillIHH. ECAH B OTHO- llleHHH nepBoro yCAOBIDI ooMHeHHll B npdBOnpHMeHeHHH He B03- 71 
BIU,aAO (O'1eBIfAHO, pe'1b MorM IJATH KaK 0 ABYcropoHHeM.. TaR H 0 MHorOCTopOHHeM AorOBope), TO B OTHOllIeHHH BToporo YC'l.omUI OCTdBaAHCb BonpOCbl. EbIAO He}lCHO, KaKOi1 HMeHHO 3aKOH HMeAC}I B BHAY: H36HpaTel\blIHit:, 3aROH 0 cTdryce Bcex ItHOC"IpillIQeB AH60 3dKOH 0 craryce HHocrpaHl.-leB onpeAIMeHHOii IpaJKAdHCKOii npH- HiJAAeJKHocrH. AIMO B TOM, '1TO 6}'KBdAbHoe TOAKOBaHHe ll. 8 cr. 4 paCCMCITpH- BaeMoro <DeAepaAbHOrO 3dKOHaAonyCKaAO Bce >JPH BepClm. OAHa- KO npaKTHKa AOKa3bIBaAd peaAHCTII'lHOCTb TOAbKO fJ.lJYX. Tax, Ha ypoBHe <DeAepaAbHOrO 3aKOHa 06 OCHOBHbIX rapaHTHSJX AonycKa- AOCl. )"lilCTIle ItHOC"IpillIHbIX rpaJKAdH B M)'HHl-lHI'I<lAbIX BbI60pax (no 8 CT. 4); KpOl'IeTOrO, lD€AepaAbHbIH 3aKOH OT 10 HtOIDl 1997 r. NQ 89-$3 «0 paTH4nn<aQIiH AoroBopa 0 COI03e EeMPycH H Poc- CHH H YCTaBa COKJ3a EeMpycH H POCCHH» npH3HClBaA 06}13dTlMl.- HOCThf>NI Hallleii crpaHbI Ycraaa Cot03a EeAaPycH H POCCHH, nOA- 0I1caHHoro 23 NCUlI991 f. Y'1HThIBCUI, 'ITO B cr. 18 BhIllleHa3BdHHOro YCTdBdAonycKaAOCb npaBO fpd)KAdH COKJ3a, nOCTOHHHO npO)KH- BaKJIqHX B ,lIJ)yrOM roCYAdPCTBe - )"IacrHHKe COKJ3a., H36HpdTb H 6bITh H36paHHbIMll B opraHbl MecIHOro caMoynpaBAeHIDI Hd Tep- pHTOpHH 3TOro rOCYAapcrBd, TO paCCMaTpllBdeMbIH lD€AepaAbHbIH 3dKOH KOCBeHHO pa3pelllM fpd)KAdHdM Ee!l.OPYCCHH Y'ldCTBOBdTb B N)'HH4llndAbHbIX Bhl60pax Ita TeppHTOpHH P<D. TO)Ke K3CaeTC}I 3dKOHa 0 cTaryce BCex I1HOCTpaHQeB, TO HOBbIH HOpMaTIlBHhlH aRT 0 npaaOBOM nO!l.OJKeHHH HHOC'lpaHHbIX rpdJK,ll,dH HaXOAIIIICSI Hd CTd,II,I1H propa6arxlI. d 3aKOH CCCP OT 24 HKJH.!I 1981 r. NQ 5152-X ,,0 npaBOBOM nO!l.OJKeHHH HHocrpdHHbIX fpd)KAdH B CCCP" He npB03MO.JKHOCTII HaAel\eHH513TOH KaTeI'O- pHH AHQ KaKHMH-AHOO lDISHpifi'el'\bHbIM}I IIpaBaMH. no CBlf,ll,("I'eAbCTY IO.A. BeAeHeeBa., eAHHCTBeHHblM AMI Ha- weii crpaHbI Me)K,b,YJiClpOAHbIM AoroBopoM, npeAycMdTpl1BdKJI.l.\HM Hd 1I-10!>leHT BCryTIAeHlliI. B CIlJ\Y BTOporo paMO'IHOrO H36HpaTehb- HOro 3aKOlta yqacTHe HHocTpaHHblx rpa;H<AaH B MYJU.IQHndJll,HbIX BwOOPax, JlBMl!I.CJI YCTaB COl03a Ee1Ii!pycn H POCCHH 1997 r. C )"Ie- TOM 3'I'0ro q:.dKTa MHorHe cy6'beKTbI P<l>, BK!I.lO'IHBllltIe BCBoe 3aKO- HOAaTeAbCTBO HOPMY 0 HBAe!l.eHllJI H36HpaTeAbHbIMH npdBdMH HHOCTpdHqeB, np€AOCTdBMlAlI fpd)KAdHdM EeAopyCCHH B03MOJK- HOCTh yqaCTIDI B N)'HHQHlliJ.!I.bHbIX BbIOOpax. B AMypcKoii OOAaCTII 72 
TaKaJI B03MOJKHOCTb BnepBbIe 6bIAa npeAYCMO"IpeHa n. 3 CT. 3113- 6Hp<rI'€J\bHOro KOAeKca 1999 r., YCTaHOBHBIIHfM, 'ITO «B COO'rBeT- ernHH C Me-*AJ'H3pOAHbIMII AOI'OBopil!>1H P<J) H C(x)TBeTCTB}'lOILJ;lIMH HM clJeAepaAbHbIMH saKOHaMH HHoCTpalIHble rpaJKAaHe, nOCTOflH- HO npO)!UfBalOll\He Ha TepplITOpHH cooTBeTcTByK>ll\erO N)'HHl.\H- naAbHoro 06pa30BilHHSI, lfMelOT npaBo H:ronpaTb If 6bITh H36paH- HbIMH B opraHbI MeCTHoro CdI'>IOynpaBAeHIUI. Ha TeX JKe yCJ\OBHflX, 'lTOHrpHeP<J)>>. I1HTepecHo, 'lTO 3aKOH 060CHOBHbIX rapaHTlUl.x 19!J1 f. He pe- ryAHpoBaA BonpOCbl yqilCTHfi HHOcrpilHHbIX fpa;KAaH B MeCTHb]X pe4JepelIA}'1>lax. BnpO'leM, B.A. CTpallI)'H np€NIoAaraA B03MOJK- HOCTb npH!\leHeHHJI 3ilKOHONfI{'I'\bCTBa no aHaAOrHH K HHCTIfTYTY pec:!JepeIJAYlVla. 060CHOBilHHOCTb 3ToH TO'l1Uf 3peHHfI nOATBep:>KAd- MCb n. 4 CT. 18 BTOporo pilMO'IHOrO li36HpaTeAbHOrO 3aKOHa, npe- AYCMa"IpHBalOll\HM BKA.lO'IeHHe HHOCTpaHHblX rpa}KJo,ilH B cnHCOK l136lfpaTeAeH, yqilCTHHKOB pectJepeHAYMa npl1 AOCTHJKelHfH HNH Hil AeHb rOAQCOBaHlUI. 18-AeTHero B03pacTil. CA€A)'1Oll\HH MilClilTaGHblH :nan npilBOBoro peryAHpoBilmffi )"IilCTIDI JIHDCTpaHHbIX fpa;KAilH B N)'HHl.\IffiilAbHbl BbI60pax IIpH- XOMITCfI Ha 2002 r. OAflilKO B HCTOpHH Ae5ITeAbHOCTIf p<X:CnHCKoro nilpAdJl.leHTil no BonpocilM 3AeKTOpilAbHOrO nOB€AeHHfI IIHocrpaH- l.\eB H3BeCTHil H GOAee paHHflfI AilTil - 23 clJeBpaMI 2001 r. B 3TOT AeHb B rOCYAilpcTBeHH)'K> AYNY P<J) 6b]A BHeceH 3ilKoHoilpoeKT, npemCMilTpHBillOJ..qHii lf3MeHeHHe c:!JeAepilAbHOfO H36HpaTeAbHO- fO 3aKOHQAaTeJI.bCTB3. no CBMAeTeAI:.CTBY B. KpHBltOBa, B OAHot:i H3 norrpilBoK 6}'KBilAbHO 6brAD H3AOJKeHO chWIDll\ee: «Ha BbI60pax, Ha3Ha'leHHbIX B cAyqile AOCpO'lHOro npeKpilll\eHHfI nOhHOMO'lHH BblCllIero AOAJICHOCTHOroAHLjil cy6'heKTil P<J), He MOJKeT 6bITb BbIA- BHH)"I' KilHAIJAilTOM rpaJKAilHHH P<J), eCAll OCHOBilHHeM AJI5I Ha3Ha- 'leHI151 YKil3illUJbIX Bb]60pOB IIOCAYJKWllI...». EYKBilAbHOe TOhKOBa- HHe npHB€jI,eHHOrO TeKCTil n03BOMlAO, KilK BbIpa3HhCfI aBTOp, "He AOBep5ITb rpHilM P@(BHOC.!!"3ilnpeTHilBb!ABlUKeHHeHMHCBO- I1X KilJWlAilTYPj, }'JKe 06'\lillf}'BlllHl'f 0AHH pa3 0JKl1AilHH5l Hs6Hpa- TeAeH, 11 npeAOCTilBIITb B03MOJKHOCTb AJI5I peilhll3ill.\l1H naCCHBHO- ro 1136l1pdI'€J\l£oro npilBil I1CKJUO'llITeAbHO IpilJK,il,ilHaJ\f I1HOCTpilH- HbIX rocyAilPcTB H fUH.laM 6e3 rpaJKAilHCTBil». 3TOT IOplJ,ll,H'IeCKlIH Kypbe3 KOHe'lHO He GUh npHBHeceH B OTe'leCTBeHH)'lO npilBOByJO 73 
CHCTeM}' (33 OCHOBY 6hIAa B3SITa BBeAeHH3.SI B HlOhe 2001 r BO Bro- pall paMOtlHbIll 3aKOH o/'IPM)'AHpOBKa n. 7 CT. 28), 'ITO He IIOMewa- hO AaAbHellWe;'lY peqx.pMHpOBaHHIO CTaT}'ca pa3AH'lHblX Karero- pHll m6HpilTeJleJl. lDeAEpdAbHbIM 3dKOH or 121U01ffi 2oo2r. NQ67-<D3 (,o6 OCHOBHblX rapaHTIDIX 1I36Hpifi'efIbHbIX IIpaB H rrpaBa Ha yqacTIie B pe<!:epeHAY- Me rpaJI<A3H PocaIi1CKOll cDeAepaU;HH" (AMee - AeHCTByrorn;11H pa- MOI.JHbIll H3611pcrreMHbIll3aKOH) }'JKe COAepiKaA BIiAOmMeHeHHbIe saKOHOA3TeAbHbIe 4JOPMYJ\.HpOBKH no yq:aCTHIO HHOCTpaHQeB B BhI60Pax. TaR, II. 10cT. 4 paCCll-1aTplfI!aeMoroAoK)'1>leHTa YCTaHQBHh., 'ITO Ha OCHOBaHHH Me.lK/\)'HapOAHbIX AoroBopoB PID H B IIopHAKe, YCTaHOBl\eHHON 3aKOHOM, I1HoCTpaHHble rpa.JKAaHe, nOCTOHHHO IIpo.JKHBaIOIL\He Ha TeppHTOpHH COOTBeTcTB}'IOrn;ero I\f)'HHQHIIaAb- Hal'O 06pa30BaHlliI, I1MelOT npd.BO 1I36HpaThH 6bITb H36paHHbIl'1I1 B opraHbI MeCI'Horo caMoynpaBAeHlliI, )"IaCTBOBaTb B tfHhlX rOOHpa- TehbHhlX Aet1cTsI1HX Ha YKa3dHHbIX BbI6opax, d TdK)«e )"IacTBO- BaTh B M€CTHOM pec}:lepeHJ\YMe Ha rex >Ke YChOBlHIX, 'ITO H rpaJKAa- Hepq-J. KaKBH,lI,HM, IIpeM0.>KeHHillI npaBOBillIo/'IPM)'hd cOAep)Kdl\il Hec- KOAbKO HOBel\l\. Bo-nepBblX, /JII5I y-'i3CTIffi HHocrpaHqt'B B H36Hpa- TeAbHblX Aei1cTBwIX -rpe60BMOCb HaAll'll1e ABYX, d He -rpex. KdK paHee, yCI\OBI1ll: 3dKAlO'leHHe MeJK,ll,ynapOAHoro AoroBopa H nplf- nsrme 3aKOHd. B rrOCAeAHeM CAy-'i3e 'IeTKO He onpeAeMl\CH BIiA Ta- Koro 3aKOHa {4JeAepaAbHbIll, 3aKOH cyfS'beKTa Pq-Jj, 'ITO nopOAHl\O pa3AWIHbIe BaplffiHTbI TOAKOBaHlliI 3TOi1 HOpMbI. Tal(, 1O.A. BeAe- HeeB nOA Ha3BaHHblIl-m 3aKOHilMH nOHHMileT ('clJeAepaAbHble 3aKO- HbI, 3dKOHbI cy6'beKTOB PIJ)I); nplI'leM pa3AeI\HTeAbHdH 3anHTaJI cKopee HCKI\lO'IdeT B03MOJKHOCTb aBTOHOMHoro peryAHpOBdHHH H36HpdTeAbHOH npaBoCnOC06HoCTII HHOcrpaHQ('B ypoBHeM TOAb- KO q,eAepaAbHOrO 3dKOHd AH60 HopNaNH HCKJUO'iI1TeAbHO pemo- Hdi\bHOrO npaaoBOro aKTd. B.A \e6eAeB, HanpoI1IB, YKa3blBde-r Hi! AOCTaTO'lHOCTb clJeAepaAbHoro pery/l.tfpOBaHHH 3Toro Borrpoca. 0.£ KyraclJHH OTM€'1ae-r B03MOiKHOCTb peryJ\.HpoBaHHH cTdT}'ca tf36npaTeAH-tfHOCTpaHQa KaK clJeAepaAbHblMH 3aKOHaMtf, TaK H 3a- KOHdMH Cy6'beKTOB PIJ), 'ITO }'JKeAonyCKaeT HeKoTOpyro aAbTepHd- THBHOCTb. ITa MHeHtfIO dBTopa, Tepl'II1H «3aKOHn, ynOMHH)"I'blll B n 10 CT. 4 AellCTByIOlL\erO paMO'IHOrO H36HpareAbHOrO 3dKOHd, CAe- 74 
AYeT TOAKOBaTb C yqeTOM CT. 11, 12 KOHCTlIT)'lItU.J P<J:I. OOCKOAbK}' BonpocbI H35HpaTeAbHOrO npaBa COCTilBMllOT COBM€CTHOe BeAe- HHe P<J:I H cyfueKToB P<D, il 3aKAlO'l.eHHe MeJK,ll,)'HilpoAHbIXAoroBo- pOB, B TOM 'lHCAe 05 yqaCTHH Ip<1JK,il,illI B Bbl60pax Ha TeppwropllH rocyAilPcTBa npe5bIBaHll.\!, - llCKIllO'lHTeAbHa51 npeporaulBa P<D, TO B COBpeM€HHbIX YCAOBH.!IX B03MOJKHOCTb aBTOHoMHOro peryJl.}[- pOBaHH.II npaBocnoco6HoCTH llHocTpaHU;eB Ha M€CTHblX Bbl60pax CAeAyeT HCKNQ'l.HTh. BTOpOH HOBeJlAOll MO)!{HO C'llITaTh nOHBAeHlle HOpMbl, npSlMo pa3pernalOll\€ll HHQCTpaHHbIM rpa;KAaHilM npllHHMaTh yqilCTlle B M€CTHOM peiPepeHAY1'I€. KpoMe BbIllJ€Hd3BaHHblX oco6eHHOCTell HOBOro 33KOHOMTeJ\b- Horo onpeAelleHHH cTaryca HHocTpaHHblX Ip<1JK,il,illI HaM npeACTaB- .II..II.€TCJ'i B031'10)KHb1M BblAeAl1Tb €Il(e 0ARY. ECAll paH€e 3aKOH npeA- nHCblBilA yqacTH€ HHocTpaHU;eB B Bbl60pax «B COOTBeTCTBHH C M€>K,AyHapOAHbIMH AoroBOpaMH POCCHi1CKOll Q>eAepaLlfU.J H COOT- B€TCTIII 11M 4>eAepaAbHblMH 3aKOHaMll., 3aKOHilMH CyG'b€K- TOB POCCllllCKOH <DeAepaQHll», '1TO n03BOAllhO HaM BHA€/UITb TpH AOnyCTIIMHX BHAa clJeAepaAbHbIX 3aKOHOB, TO HOBbrli: paMOllHbIH 3a- KOH nCllOJU,3YeT HH)'lO o/'IPMYhHpOBK}' «Hil OCHOBaHlili Me-*Aj'Ha- pOAHblX AOrOBOpOB POCCHi1CKOH cDeAepdll,Hll H B nOp.II,AKe, yCTClHOB- J1.eIlliOM 3aKOHOMI), llHOCrpaHHble IpiDK,llPHe yqacrB}'KJI' B BbI6opax. To €CTb nOA'tepKHBaeTCH npOI.I.eccYaAbHbIH acneKT pery.ll.lIpoBaHIiIH 3AeKTOpaAbHbIX OTHOllI€HnH. CAeAOBaTeAbHO, nOAPa3YM€BaeTCH HM€HHO H36HPaTeAbHbIH 3aKOH. Bnpoq€M, B pOCCllHCKOH np3BoBoH CHCTeMe npllHSlTO el.I\,e /Jl3a HOBblX ilJeAepaAbHbIX 3aKOHa, nOATBepJKAalOI.I\,llX npaBa HHOCT- pClHLleB Ha yqilCTIle B M}'HllQlIIIaAbHbIX BbI60pax. l1MeeTCH B BlfI>Y cDeAepaAbHblH 3aKOH OT 25 H10MI 2002 r NQ 115-<1>3 «0 npaBOBoM IIOAOJK€Hllll HHOCTpdHHblX rp3)KA8.H B POCCIiIHCKOH lDeAepill\,llH», nOATJj{>PAIIBllIHH B CT. 12 npaBo nOCTO.llHHO npOJKllBa1Ol.I\,llX B P<J:I HHocTpaHHblx rpaJKA3,H H36HpaTb H 6b1Tb H35paHHl:.IMll B opraHb! M€CTHQro CaMOynpaBl1eHHSI, a TaJOKe yqaCTBOBaTb B M€CTHOM PP- ilJepeHJIYM€ B cAyqaHx H nopHAKe, npeAycMOTpeHHblx clJeAepaAb- HbL\1113aKOHaJl.lll, il TaJOKe <DeAepaMHbIii: SaKOi-I oT6 OKTH6p5I 2003 r. NQ 131-$3 «05 061.I\,11X npllHQHIIaxopraH1l3ill\,1l1l M€CTHOrOcaMoyn- pilBAeHll.\! B POCCHHCKOH lDeAepaQllH», 3aKpenllBllIliH B n. I cr. 3 7S 
nOIl.OJKemfe, 'ITO «HHOC1paHHbIe rpilHe, nOCTOHHHO HII.H npe- H!\l)II.qecrneHHO IIpcDKlmaIOIqI'Ie Ha TeppllTOpHIf f)'HlfqHnaJ\bHoro 06pil30BaHlfSJ, 06hiJ,l1,alOT nplf OCYllWCTBlI.eHlf1f MecTHoro CilMOyn- paBlI.eHIfH npaBilMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C Mell<A)'HapOAHblMH AOrooo- pa'\:llf POCCIDiCKOH <DeAepiJ4HH H clJeAepaAbHblMIf 3ilKOHal'>IH». OnpaBAlliHO AIf TaKoe Heo,HOKpilTHOe Q'JeAepaAbHOe peryAlfpo- BaHHe OAfloro H TOro JKe BonpOCil? Ee3YCAOBHO, eclI.H HOpMbI pa3- AIf'llibIX npaBOBbIX ilKTOB B3alfMOAOnOJ\HSJl(]f, pil3BIIBalOT Jl.Pyr APY- ra. ONIDKONIJI POCCIIHCI\OIl npaBOBOM CHCTeMbI nOA06Hill1 corAaco- B<llfHOCTh He xapilKTepHa. HeCN01pH Ha HaJ\Wflfe B OIeHHOM 3ilKOHOAaTeJU:CrBe HeCKOII.bKIfX HOpM no paCnffiTpHBileNOH npo- 6AeMe, yqacme HHOC'lpaHHbIX Ip<1JK,il,ilH B M)'HHqIfIIaAbHbIX BhI6o- pax npe.II,CTilBAIIeTCH B 3Hil'lHTe.l\bHOH Mepe HeonpeAeAeHHblM B IOplWf'leCKOH UITepaT}'P€ npH HJy'lemm MHHoro IfHcTmyra HC- CAeAOBaTehlf OrpilHI1'1HBilIOTCH nOBTopeHHeM 3ilKOHOAilTehbHbiX 4JOPM)'A, He paCKpbIBilH AeTaAbHO HX COA,epJKaHHe. 3Hil'lHTeIl.bH0 nOBII.HSiAH Hil OTcyrCTBHe BCHoro H30HpilTeIl.bHO- ra CTaT)'ca HHOCTpilHt.\eB KaK npOTfJEOpe'lnH B HeNHOrO'lHCheH- HbIX 3ilKOHOAilTeAbHbIX o/'IPMYAlfPOBKax OTe'leCrneHHbIX 3ilKOHOB, TaK H H(',lI,OCTaTO'lHilSI HHclJOpMHpOBilHHOCTb npaBOnplfMelIlfTeAeiJ: o AE'UcreYIOI.I..\HX Nell<AYHilPOAHblX AoraBopax Pc:D, npeAflOAarillO- ll.\IfX )"lilCTIle OTAeAbHblX KilTerq)lfH HHOCTpilHQeB B f)'HlfqHIIa.I\b- HOM H36IfpaTeAbHOM npoqecce. K '1IfCAY npOTIlBOpe'lHBbIX 3ilKO- HOAaTehbHblX clJOPMYA NOJKHO OTHeCTH, Bo-nepBblX, OTcyrcTBHe €AllHbIX CCbIAOK Ha npilBOBbIe AOK)'1>lelIThI 001f36lfpaTeAbHbIX npa- Bax HHOC'lpaHl,\eB. AeHCfB}'lOll.\IfH 3ilKOH 00 OCHOBHbIX rapillITIDIX, KaK OTI\fe'lilAOCb, CCblAileTCH Hil MeJKllYHdpOAHbie AOrOBopbl Pc:D H 3aKOHbI: 3ilKOH 00 06lL111X npHHQIfIIaX opraHH3aqHlf NeCTHoro Cil- MoynpilBAeHH.II - Hil Me)l(,ll,YHapOAHble AorOBopbl P<!> H q,eAepaAb- HbIe 3aKOHhI; 3ilKOH 0 npaBOBOM nOIl.OJKeHIfH HHocrpaHHbIX rpilJK- AaH - TOII.bKO Ha clJeAepilAbHbIe 3ilKOHbI. TaKO" Pil3I1.H'IHbIH nOA- XOA C03AileT npaBOBYIO HeonpeAeAeHHOCTb, KOTOpil.ll OTHKJAb He cnocoocTByeT eAHHOM)' TOAKOBiJ.HHKJ HOpM. ECTeCTBeHHO, '1TO mmOOAee GAilronpIDITHble YClIOBIDI AMI HHOC'lpaHl,\eB COJAaeT pa- MO'lHbIHIf30HpaTeAbHbIH 3aKOH; CAeAOBaTeAbHO, HMeHHO OH npn B03HHKHOBeHHH cnopa nOMeJKHT nplfMeHeHIfKJ. BTopoe npOTIfBope<me Tpex BblweHil3BilHHbIX 3ilKOHOB 3CIKII.KJ- 'liJ.eTCH B TOM, 'ITO OHIf YCTilHaBAHBillOT pd3HbIe TpeOOBilmrn K npo- 76 
JKMBIDUlIO liHOCTpaHHhlX rpa;KAaH Ha TeppItTOpliM MYHMQMnaAb- Horo 06pil30BaHlUl AMI HaAeAeHID! IlX lf3611paTeAbHhIMli npaBilMli. 3aKOH 0 np<lBOBOM nOAo"'eHllllliHOC'lpilHHhIX rpaJKAilH HaPflAY C paMO'lHhlM lis6lipilTeAhHbIM SilXOHOM YCTaHilBAliBaeT npliHQHn nOCT05IHHOrO npO)!(l1BaHliH AMI HaAeAeH1l5lliHOC'IpaHlleB npaBO!'1 li36npilTh li 6bITh lf36paHHblMli B opraHbI MeCTHoro Cill\lOynpilBAe- HID!. 3aKOH ° MeCTHOl\1 CilMoynpaBAeHHfI C03AaeT6oAee 6AaronpH- HTHbIe YCAOBliH - no cyrH, lIDAeNieT lf36tfpaTeAbHhIMli npaBaMI1 He TOAbKO nOCTOHHHO, HO li npellM}'llIeCTBeHHO npOJKllBalOIIIllX liHocrpaHl.\eB. ECAJI pyKOBOACTBOB<ITbCSI Tpe60BaHlliIMli n. 6 CT. I pilMO'IHOro li36lipaTeAbHOrO 3aKOHa, TO 4JeAepdAbHble 3aKOHbi He AOAJKHbI eMY npOTliBOpe'lIlTb; npli B03HllKHOBeHllli KOAA1l3Hll AOAJKHbI npHNeH..IIThCJ'i HOPNb! 3aKoHa 06 OCHOBHbIX rapaHTIUIX. C APYI"oii CTOpOHbl, IOpIf2CKII:H nplllD.J;lln par in parem non habet imperi- um (paBHblH He I1Mee-r BAilCTI1 BSA paBHblM) CTilBm nOA COMHeHtfe 060cHoBaHHocTh nplfOpmeTa OARoro 4JeAepaAbHoro 3aKOlID HilA J\PY'HM B IOp1Wf'leCKOH Ha}'Ke caMo np<lBO 3aKOHOAaTeMI npOB03rAa- llIilTh BepXOBeHCTBO HOpM 0AROro liS 3aKOHOB HaA HOpMilMli Bcex liHbIX 3aKOHOB 3TorO)j(e B HepeAKO ocnapliBaeTC5I. :trOMY cno- c06cTByeT MHeHlle KOHCTlll)'Il;llOHHOro CYNi P@, KOTOpblli nOA- 'JepKIIBaeT, 'JTO B KOHCTHTYQHtf P@ He onpeAeMleTCJ'i II He MO- )j(eT onpeAeA..IIThCH llepapXllH BH)'Tpli aKTOB OARoro B; Jill OARH clJeAepilJl.bRhIj;j 3aKOH He 06AilAileT no OTHOWeHi-110 K APyrOMY clJp- AepaAbHOM}' 3aKoIf}' 60AbweH IOPHAll'IeCKOH CHAOH. QeHTpilAbHillJ: lf36upaTeAbHillJ: KOMliCClifl, pilCCMilTpliBilfl KOA- AH3lilO 0 3aKoHOAaTeAbHhiX Tpe60BaHIUIX K IIpoA0ll)JQITehbHOCTll np0)!(l1BaHll51 IlliocrpaHHbIX rpalK,ll,aH lID Teppmoplill POCCllH, CO- CAaAaCb Ha 'J. 4 CT. 15 KOHCTl1l)'I1;l1H P<!>, npew.O.JKi1BAMI pil3pewe- H"51 nporllBOpe'lliH B KilIK,l\,OM KOHKpeTH01lo1 cAyqae p}'KOBOACTBO- BaTheS! HOPMOii, COAep>KaU,\eficSi B Me>KA)'HapOAHOM AorOBope. A nOCKOAbKY B Mell<A)'HilpOAHbIX AoroBopax, KaK npaBH/\.O, yncrrpe6- MleTCH TepMllHOAQrlUl, tfcn0M>30BaHHiliI B paMO'IHOM H3611paTeAb- HOM SaKOHe, npliopmeT CAWI2ff OTAilBilTh HMeHHO e!\1¥". HeKOTopble CAO)j(HOCTli TPilAlll.\llOHHO Bbl3bIBaeT Bonpoc 0 TOM., rpalK,ll,alIDM KaKOH ClpilHbI MOryl" npeAOCTilBMITbCH lf36lipa- 77 
TeAbHbIe npaBa Ha M)'Htil..lHlIaAbHbIX Bhl60pax B POCCI-It{. B IOpIJAli- 'leCKOH J\.llTepaT)TPe B Ka'leCTBe eAHHCTBeHHoro nptiMepa TPaMf- QHOHHO npHBOAHAOI KpaTKOCpO'lHbIH OlIbIT pOCCaikKO-6eJ1.opyc- CKHX OTHOllIeHHH, OCHOBaHHbIH Ha YCTaBe ColO3a EeAapYCH H POCCHH. Y'IIITbIBa5l, 'ITO C 26 flHBapfl 2000 r. 3TOT AOK)'MelIT npe- KpdTIIA CBOe AeHCfBHe, MO.JKHO 6bIAO 6bl CAeA<ITb BblBOA 06 OTC)'1'" CTBtiti npaKTll'feCKOrO npHl'leHeHwl paCCMaTptiBael'1bLX HOpI'! pOC- CHiiCKHX 3aKOHOB. BMeCTe C TeM B nHCbMe l.jl-1K pq::. OTMe'lCllOTC.\! B 'lHClIe AeHcrnyroLIlHX B HiJ.CTo.\!ILIee BpeM.H Me.JKAYH<lPOAHbIX Aoro- BOpOB P(J), npeAYc'\laTpHBalOLIlHX IIpaBO HHOCTpaHHblX rpIDKAaH Ha yqacTHe B MeCTHbIX Bbl60pax H peilJepeHJI.YMax, AorOBopbl C Pecny5I\l:1KOH Ka3axCfaH, KtiprH3CKOH Pecrry6AHKOH, pecny5AlI- KOH ApMeHH.\! H C TypKMeHHCTaHOM. OpH'IeM nepBbIe ABa AOro- Bopa npeAYCMilTpHBillOT npeAOCTilBAeHHe ilKTllBHOr-O H naCCHB- Horo ti36t1paTeAbHOrO npaBa IIpli BbI60pax B IIpeACTaBliTeAbHble opr-aHbl MYHIIQlinaAbHbIX 06pa30BaHliH, il TanKe fAaB M)'HIIQH- ndi\bHblX 06Pa30BiJ.HllH, He flBMIOLII"XCfl rAaBaMH MeCTHbiX aA- M"HHCTPH, H npaBa HiJ. y<racTIle B MeCTHOM pe<tJepeIl,ll,y1\1e. B COrAallIeHlili C TypKMeHllCTaHOM IpaJKAaHaM AorOBapliBaIOll\eH- C5I CTOpOHbl npeAOCTaBMIKTI'OI Te JKe npilBa., HO B HeCKOAbKO pac- llItipeHHOM COCTaBe: HM pa3pelliaeTC5I IIpHHHI'JaTb yqacTIle B Bbl- 60pax rAaB M)'Hl-IIWnilAbHblX 06pa30BaHI1H 6e3 OrpaHll'feHIDI fJ!I5I fllaB MeCTHbIX BAMIiHIiCTpaQtiH. Ham'JeHbWIiH 06ceM IIpilB B cilJepe HenocpeACTIleHHOH AeMOKpaT"" 1IpeA000aBMIeT AorOBOp C ApMeHtieH - 3TOT AOKYMeHT npep,yCMaTpHBaeT /I."llIb IIpaBO 110- CTO.\!HHO npDJlUfBillOll\llX IiHOCTpilHqeB Ha yqiJ.CI'lIe B MeCfHOM pe- <tJ e PeHJ\Y1"1e.. HeCMOTp5I Ha 'lpeSBbl'laHH}'lO BIDKHOCTb paCCMaTp"BaeMoro HHCflnYTa H KpaHHe OrpaHll'feHHblH nepe'leHb rocyA<\PCTB, rpaJK- AilHe KOTOpblX AOnyCKaIOTC.\! K yqaCT"1O B IIO/l.HTlJ'IeCKOH JKll3H" POCC"HCIUfX I'IYH"Q""aAbHbIX 06pa30BaHHH. Ha CerOAH5IIIIHllH MO- MeHT B CTpilHe OTCyrCTBytOT eAHHble CTaTMCTM'leCKt1e AaHHble 0 KOAlI'leCTBe HHOCTpaHqeB, pedAJ130BaBllI"X H36lipaTeAbHble npa- Ba. KOHe'lHO HeJ\.b3.\! cor/laCMTbCfl C MHeHtieM Tex IiCCAeAOBaTeJl.eH. KOTopbIe nOA'lepKllBalOT If}'AeBOH npaBOlIpHMeHIiTeJ\.bHbIH 3<tJ- <tJeKT paCCMaTpHBaeMblX HOpM paMO'lHhlX H36Hp<rreAbHbIX 3aKO- HOB. BMeCTe C TeM B OT'leTax roCYAapCTBeHHblX opraHOB KpaHHe 78 
PeAKO OCBeLljaeTC.!I 3TOT Bonpoc, Ad H TO, I\dI\ npdBlfAO, B CB.sI3H C He3dKOHHbIM Y'fdCTHeM B H35HpaTeAbHOM npoQecce HCClleAYeI\fOH KdTeropHH .I\HQ. YHHKdAbHim npaKTHKd B 3TOM OTHOllIeHHH XdPilK- TepHiJ. AMI Xn5apoBcKoro KPiill. KdK ClleAYf!T H3 AOKAdAd npoKypd- T)'pbI 3rorocy6'beKTd P<J:I, B 2003 f. npH npoBeAeHHH BbI6opoBAeny- TdroB fOCYAdPCTBeHHotI AyMbI B HiJ.pyweHHe Tpe50BaHIrn 3aKOHO- A3TeAbcTBd B cnHCKH H35HpdTeAetI B BdHHHCKOM pdHoHe 6bIAH BI\AlO1.JeHbl rpalK,ll,dne YI\paHHbl, MOMOBbI, Kd3axCTaHa, ApIl-leHIDI, KOTOpbIe, eCTeCTBeHHO, He 06AdAillOT aKTHBHblM H35HpaTeMilibIM npasOM npH BbI60pax B OpfdHbI roCYMPCTBeHHOH BAdCTH KOHe1.JHO TdKoe llIHpoKoe TOAKOBdHHe If,lI,eH pdBeHCTBa npdB rpaJKAdH B pOCCHi1cKHX yCJ\OBIDIX BPHA.I\H OnpdBAdHHO. OAHdKO npe.ll,OCTaBl\eHHe H36HpareAbHOrO CTdryCd HHOC'IpdHQiJ.M HiJ. M)'HH- qHnMbHOM ypOBHe CAepy, Hd BallI B3rAAA. npHBeTCTBOBaTb. Opl1 :nOM I\patIHe Ba.>KHO COXpaHHTb B3BellIeHHbIH nOMOA 1\ BK/lI01.Je- HI1IO «HerpaJRAdH" B nOJ\HTlI1.JeCI\yK>cI1CTeMY Hd MeCTHOM ypOBHe. 3dHMCTB}'SI onbIT eBpOneHCI\OH I1HTefpdH, OCHOBdHHbIH HiJ. HAee «o6lQero AOMa», IIJX"AIIO'lTeHHe CAe,II.)' OTAaJjdTb rpalK,ll,dHilM 1'0- CYAdpCTB - '<JAeHOB CHr. KYJ\.b'I)'PHasI, npdBOBasI, S!3bIKOBasI 06lQ- HOCTb )!UfTeAeH HeKofAd eARHOR CTpdHbI 6YAeT cnoco6CTBOBdTb HHTerpaTIlBHbIM npoqeccal'! AaJKe Ba MHKpOypOBHe MYHHU;lJndAb- Horo 06pd30BaHIDI. /J./ISf. npHAdHlI.!I >Ki13HeCnoco5HOCTH I1CCAeAOBdHHblM B HaCTO.!l- lQeM noco6ul HOpl'1a\1 POCCnHCKOrO npaBa CAe,II.)' B nepsyro 01.Je- peAl> "CKJ\J01.J"Tb HX KO.l>.J\}(3HOHHOCTh. OOCI\OAbKY OCHOBonOAdrcuo- lIJ;I1e BOnpoCbI BbI60pOB B HallIeH C'IpdHe pery.I\Hp)'lOTCSI paMO'lHbTh1 H36HpaTe/\bHHM 3dKOHOM, QeAecoo6paSHO B 3aKOHbi 0 CTaT)'ce HHOC'IpdHHbIX rpalK,ll,dH H 0 MeCTHOM CilMDynpaBAeHHH BKJ\J01.JlITb €,lI,HH)'lO HOpMY 0 TOM, <!:TO «)'1.JiJ.CTHe HHOCTpdHHbIX IpdJK,il,dH B Bbl- 60pax Ha TePPHTopI1H PocaltICKOtI <DeA,epaQHH peryJ\J1pyeTCH <De- AepdAbHbIM 3aKOHOl'I OT 12 HIOHS! 2002 r. NQ 67-<D3 "06 OCHOBHbIX rdpaHTI-lHX H3fu1paTeAbHblX npaB" npaBa Ha f'lClCTHe B petPepeHAY- Me IpdJK,il,dH POCCllllCKOll <DeA,epill.\HH"». BTOpbIM 06H3aTeJ\bHbIM YCJ\OBlleM COBepllll;;'HCTBOBdHIDI npdl<.- TIIKH "36JIpaTeJ\bHHX KdMrraHHH B POCCHH C npllBAe1.JeHHeM HHOCT- pdHQeB JIBMleTOI MOAepHH3dfI CHCTeMbI y<leTil H35HpaTeAell, HCnOAb3}'lOlQell KOMIlJ\eKCbl CP€ACTB iJ.BTOJl.IiJ.TII3ill\HH fAC «Bbl60- 79 
pbI'). OYHIcr 3 CT. 17 p,eilCI'ByK>rn;ero pai'10QHOrO mOl1paTeAbHOrO 3aKOHa YCTaHaBM:lBaeT MUllh, 'lTO I1HOCTpaHHbIe rpaJKAaHe B ay- 'lillIx, paccMOTpeHHbIx BhlllIe, BKAIOQdlDTOI B CIIHCKH H36lIpdTeheH IIPH npoBeAeHlIH Bh!50poo B opraHh! MeCTHoro caJ\.lOynpaBAeHHSI. OARdKO BBIf,lI,)' OTCyrCTBHH 3tlxPeKTHBHoH CHCTeMhl yqeTa HHOCT- pa1JHhJX rpa*AaH-H30HpaTeA€H Ha npaKTlIKe KOMHCCHSIM npHXO- MITCH OOpaIIJ;aTbCH K HBOQHOM}' nOPHAKY rOAOCOBaHHH HHOCTpdH- LI€B Ha MeCTHhlX Bhl50pax, AOnOAHHH CnHCOK H35l1paTeh€ll - rpaJKAdH PeD. ECTeCTBeHHO, :nO He II03BOAH€T OTBeTIITh Ha BOII- pOC - KaKoe JK€ KOAll'leCTBO HHOCTpaHHbIX rpa;>KAaH 113 HMelD- IIJ;HX IIpaBO yqaCTBOB3Tb B M}'HHQHnaAbHh!X Bhl50pax IIpHHHAO yqdCTll€ B rOAOCOBaHHH? ECM:I HCnOAb30BaThTepMHHOAOrHlO RB. MaKAaKOBa, TO cernA- Hff B POCCHI1 H30HpaTeAhHhill KOpnyC HBA\leTCH He lDPHAH'leCKHI'!, a nOTeHQHaAbHhlM.. T.e. BKAIO'ldlDIQHM 3Ha'lHTeAbHJ'lO A0l>1Q H€3a- perHC'IpHpooaHHbIX H30HpaTeAeH. OQ€BHAHO, 'lTO >JPe6yeTcH MO- AepHH3aQHH perHcrpa H36npaTeAeH B npoQ€Cce pa3BIITHH rAC nOA PYKOBOACTBOM eDeAepaAhHOrO QeHTpa I1H<fI0pMaTH3aQlUl npH L\I1K PW, IIOCKOAhKY B OOAO.>KeHI1I1 0 rOCYAdPcrBeHHoii CHCTeMe perHcrpaQlDl (}"iem) H36Hp3TeAeH. yqacTHJ.{KoB pec:tJepeJIAYMd B POCCJ.{HCKOll eDeAePaItHH, yrnep>KAeHHOM 00CT3HOBAeHJ.{eM L\HK PeD OT 29 alIpeMl2003 r., He AeTahH3HpoBillI yqeTTdKOH KaTeropHH H30l1paTeAeH. KaK llHOCTpilllQbI_ 11 HaKOHeQ, >JPeThe YCAOBHe AMI nOBhlllJeHHff 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTl1 }"IdCTHH B POCCHllCKHX Bhl60pax rpd.>KAdH 3apy6eJKHhlX rocy- AdPCTB - HdMeJKarn;ee HHq>opMHpOBaHH€ yqdCTHHKOB 1136npa- TeAhHoro npoQecca 0 COAepJKaHlfH KaK MeJKAYHapOAf!bIX AorOBO- POB, TaK H poccHilCKOro H30HpaTeAhHOrO 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBa.. 00 HaWeMY MHemuo, 31'00AIIH 113 caMhlX CA36h!X acneKTOB HCCA€A)'e- MOll npo6AeMhI. K COJKaJ\.eHl1lD, 'lAeHhI MHorHX H30l1paTeAbHhIX KOMHCCI1H He OCBeA0MheHhl 0 KaTeCOpl1.\1X IIHOCTpdHHhlX CpWKAaH., KOTOpblM HiJAll.eJKHT BhJAdB3Tb 61OJ\AeT€HlI npH npOBe,lI,eHHH Bbl6o- POB, pe4JepeHJ\YMa.. 0 nOPHAKe H OCHOBillIIDIX IIX yqaCTHff B Bbl6o- pax. OCHOBHdH npwIHHd 3TOro - crrCyrCTBl1e AONKHOro HopMa- THBHOrO peryhHpoBaHHH, KOMlIheKCHO yqHThIBillOIIJ;€I'O HOpMhI 113- 6l1pcrreJ\bHoro J.{ CIA-"1I1HI1CTpaTHBHoro npaBa. 80 
TaKlIM oopa30M, AHCKypC 0 peaAlf33l\HH If36npa:reJ\bHbIX npaa HHOCTpdHHblX rpilJKAilH Hil BbIoopax oprilHOB MeCTHoro caMoyn- pilBAeHlliI HMeeT BaJKHoe crpaTeI'H'lecKoe :mil'lemte fJ./I5f. PWH TpP- oYeT KOMIIAeKCHOro no,xoAd npH pdCCMOTpeHHH. 6.2. Pentcrpill\llSi (yqeT) 1f361fpaTeAeif, yqacrHIfKOB pe(}>epeHAYMa B pq> KaK KlUO'leBOll «IJaKTOp peaAH3al\lflf 1f36lfpaTeAhHhIX npaB rpIDKAaH BaJKHbIM 4laKTOPOM peaAlf3aQHH H30HpaTeJ\bHbIX npaB rpd)K- Aau SlBNleTC.H KoppeKTHoe BeAeHHe perHcTpaQHH (}"-IeTa) H36Hpa- TeAeH, }"-IBCTHHKOB peclJepeIJAYMB. B QeMlx o6eCne'leHH.H nONo- TOBKH H npoBeAeHH.H clJeAepaAbHhlX, perHOHaAbHbIX H MYHHQH- naAbHbIX BbI6opOB H peclJepeJIAY1"wB B POCCHHCKOH <DeAepaQHH ycmHoBAeHil rocYAdPCTBeHHa5I. CHCTeMa perncI'pdQIfH (yqeTa) H3- 6HPaTeheJI:, yqacrmIKOB pe4JepeHA}'Md.. OOA}"-IaeMble C nm.loILIblO AaHHOH CHCTeMbI cBeAeHH.H 0 3apeI'llerpnpOBdHHbIX H36HpaTeAll.X, }"-IacTHHKax pe4>epeHAYMa " HX 'lHCAeHHOCTI1 HcnOJ\b3YIOTC.H AMI o6pa30BaHH.H H36HpaTeAbHbIX OKpyrOB, H36HpaTeAbHblX yqdCT- KOB, cOBeprneHHSI HHblX AeHcTBHH. npeAYcMOTpeHHhlx H36Hpa- TeAhHbIM saKoHoNIT€J\bCTBOM. OCHoBHbIe npilBllAd pemcrp<lLjlIH lyqemJ 1136HpilTeAeH, yqaCT- JutKOS peclJepeHAYMa 3aKpenAeHbI B <DeAepaAbHON saKOfle OT 12 HIOW! 2002 r. NQ 67-<D3 «06 OCHOBHbIX rapdHTH.HX H36HPaTeJ\b- HbIX npaB II npilBa Ha yqaCTHe B pec:tJepeH,lIYMe rpaJKAdH POCCHHC- KOH a>eAepilItllhn (AdJl.ee - a>eAepdAbHbIi'i 3aKOH (06 OCHOBHblX rapaHTIDlX...n, (DeAepdAbHbIi'i saKoH), KOTOpbIH npeAycM<YIpHBileT yrBepJKAeHHe LleHIJXlAhHOH H30Hp<neI\hHOH KOMHccHeH POCCHH- CKOi1 a>€AeP3l\HH IIOAWKt?HIDI, peryJUfpyrow;ero noP.IIAOK ocyw;ecr- BAeHHSI peI"HerpaItlfH (yqeTa) H36HpaTeAeH, yqaCTHHKOB pec:tJepeH- A'jMi1, ycrilHOBAeHIDI 'lHCAeHHOCTIf 3ilpenrC'qmpoBaHHbIX H36HPil- TeJ\.eH, yqilCTHHKOB pe<tJepeHAYJ"IIil, il TdIOKe qJOpMHpoBaHHSI H SeAeHHSI pernCTpa H36HPOIeAt:'lI:, yqaCTHHKOB pec:tJepeHAY1'la. Aei1cr- BYlOILIa.H peAaKLIIDI OOAO>KeHiffi 0 rOCYAapCTBeHHoH CHCTeMe pe- rHCTpilQIIH (yqem) 1136HpilTeAeH, yqilCTHHKOB pe<tJepeHAYJ"fa B POCChhCl<OH a>eAepill.\HH (AaAee - J1o.,o.o>KeHHe) yrBepJKAeHil Ooc- 81 
TdHOBAemleM l...{eHTpaAbHOt! 1I36HpdTeAbHOt! KOMIICC.UI POCClIHC- KOt! a>e#paU;lIlI OT 29AeKa6pH 2005 r. N 164/1084-4. B COOTBeTCTBHIIC n. 1 CT 16 a>eAepaAbHOI"03aKOHC.N67 pern- C1paIQll1 (yqe-ryl n0AJI.eJKaT Bce 1I36hp<neAII, yqaCTHlIKH pe4JepeH- Ayr.!d. 06f13crreJ\bHblJ1 yqeT Bcex IpWKAdH, ofir..1Aarol411X aKTllBHbIM 1I36lIpdTeAbHbiM npaBOM., 03Ha'iaeT, 'ITO B POCClIlI nplIMeHfleTcfI TaK Hd3bIBdel'1blH I1l'1nepaTI1BHb!t! MeTOA perl1CTpdQI1H. OOA06HCb1 npaKTHKa llIlIpOKO pacnpoerpaHeHa B 3dpy6e.>KHh£X rOCYAilPCTBax, XOTII CaM npoQecc 06fl3ilTel1bHOH perHCTpnpIlI 1I3611piII'eJlell, yqilCT- HIIKOB peclJepeHAYMil MO.>KeT IIMeTb HeKoTopbIe oc06eHHOCTlI OpeJKAe Bcero, 06lI3aTeAbHaH perlIcrpaQIlH oC}'lllecTBl'l.HeTCH B C1pilHaX, YCTaHoBlIBlllHX 06H3aHHoCTb Hilce.r..eHlIfi npl1HlIM1lTh yqa- crn:e B BbI60pax. HanplII>lep, B KOHC'I'1f'I'YU;lIlI II lI36lIpilTehbHOM 3il- KOHOAilTeAbCTBe MeKCI1KH3il4>llKclIpoBaHO, 'ITO yqilCTHe B I"OII.OCO- BilHHH - 3TO npaBO II 06H3dHHOCTb rpaJKAaHimd, COO'I'BeTI:TBeHHO YCTilHOBII.eHa 11 06sl3aHHocTb rpa:>KAilH, OTBe'1affil.!..\i1X onpeAell.eH- HbIM Tpe6oBaHHHM.. 3ilpernC'IplIpOBiITbCH B HilQlIOHaJ\bHOM peecT- pe 1I36npdTell.eH 06H3ilTeAbHaH pernCrpal\lliIll3fu!paTeAei1:, yqilCTHIiKOB pec:tJe- peHA)'Mil MO.>KeT 6bITb06yCAOBJ\eHa II Hil!I.lI'illeM B crpaHe cneIJ;lld.llb- Hb[x npaEllA perllcrpaQHH HaCell.eHlIfi no !'>leery JKlIT€!l.bCTBil II yqe- Til !'>IlIIpilQllOHHb[x npoQeccoB, 6i\ilI"OAapH 'IeM)' ynO!I.HOMO'leHHbIe opraHbI nOll.yqillOT He06xOAl1Mbre AMI perncTpaQnn 1136npiITell.eH CBeAeHlIH, KilK, Hilnpl1!'>1ep, B rep!'>lilHl11I II lllBet!QdpnlI B pHAe APyrwx CTPdH perncTpilQl1Jl oC}'Il..\eCTBAHeTCH no CAyqaJO npOBeA,e- HHH BbI60pOB nyreM 06xoAa ynO!I.HOMO'leHHbIMII .hlIQaMlI >KH!I.bIX AOMOB no nplIHQlIny (OT AIlepn KABepHl). HaKoHeQ, ocyIIJ;€C"I'BI'\eHlIe 06H3ilTehbHOH pernCrpill\lIlI 1l361I- paTell.et!, yqacTHlIKoB pe4>epeHAY1"1il!'>lO.>KeT B03AaraThCH KilK Hil I"OCYAilPCTBeHHble OpraHbl, TaK n Ha OpCaHbI MeCTHoro caMoynpas- heHHH. HanplII>lep, B BeHrplIl1 BonpoeilMli nONoToBKHII npOBeA,e- HlUI 1l36l1paTeAbHbIX KilMnaHIiH 3ilHl1MaerCH l...{eHTpdAbHOe 6ropo no perncTPilQlIlI HilCell.eHlIH II BhI60paM npll f\.rnHlICTepCTBe BH}'T- peHHlIx AM. ElOpo HeceT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3il COCTaB!l.eHHe cnl1C- KOB 1I36lIpilTell.eH, onpeAe!I.HeT rpaHlIQbI 1l361IpaTeU,HHX yqilCT- KOB, COCTaBI"lfIfi'T cnlICKW IpWKAilH, He HMelOIIJ;nx npaBa yqilCTBO- BaTh B I"OII.0COBilHlIlI. 82 
B npOn:!BOnOAO)KHOCThHOH OICTeMe perHcrI11 B PHAe CTpdH HCnOAh3}'eTCH HHHQH3THBHbIH nOPHAOK, Tpe6}'1OIIU1H 3KTHBHhiX AeHCTBHH.l\HQa, JKeAillOrn;ero npHIDITb )"IaCTHe B BbI6o- pax. OpH 3TOM o4Jdll¥J.eT H3 ce6H BHHMaHHe TOT 4J3KT, 'lTOA06po- BOAhHaJI: pern:CTpHH npet>,nOAarae-r Onpet>,eJ\.eHHbIe 3aTpaTh! pa- 60'l€ro BpeMeHH H HaAH'IHe cnetQ1aAbHblX AOKYMeHTOB, B CB.!I3H C '1eM nOTeHQHMbHO cnoc06cTBYeT paCXO)K,l!,eHHtO '1HCAa AUQ, 06Ad- AdlOIQHX aKTlffiHbIM H36HpaTeAhHbI'\:I npaBOM.. H AHQ, BKMO'I€HHhIX B cnHCKllllS6HpaTeAeH. OAHdKO, H€CMO'IpH Ha TO '1TO HHHQlJdTHB- HbIH MeTOA cyrn;ecrneHHO HCKaJKaeT CBet>,eHlfH ° KO/IlI'lecrne H co- CTaBe H36llpaTe/l.eH, TaK KaK 3aBet>,0MO n03BOMler He npHHllMaTh B paC'IeT naCCHBHhIX rpaJKAaH, OH eABa.I\H MO.JKeT 6bITb oxapdKTepH- 30BaH HCKMO'IHTeAbHO C n03HQHH Het>,eMOKpaTH'lHOCTIf, nOCKOAb- KyeCAJ1 C nOHHTIIeM rpaJK,l\,aHHHa CBH3blBaeTCH peMhHOe yqacTHe '1eAOBeKa B nOJllITH'l€CKOH JKll3HH C'rpdHbI, TO H opHeHTaQI1H H36ll- paTeAbHOH CHCTeMbI fIB rpa>K,ll,aH, npO.!lBFlBWHX AeHCTBMTeAbHblH HHTepec K BhI6opaM, OKa3hlBae-rCH AQrlf'lHOH H pe3}'J\.bTaTlmHOH. EOllee Toro, paCXOJK,ll,eHH€ KO.I\H'leCTBa nOTeHl..\HdAhHbIX H 3ape- rHC'lpHpoBaHHhIX H36HpaTeJ\.€H MO.JKeT 6b1Tb cyrn;eCTBeHHo Y!"1eHh- llI€HO 313 C'IeT npHMeHemUl cneqHMbHhIX Mep, 06ecne<J:HBdlOll.\11X npOCTO-ry H AoC"rynHocTb A06pOBOAbHOH pemCTpaQHH. HanpH- M€P, 3aKOHoMTeAbCTBO ClllA npeJl,)'CMaTpHBaer BKIUO'IeHHe AHqa B cnHCKH H36HpaTeJ\.eH Ha OCHOBaHllll AOKYMeHTd.., nOATBep.JKA3tO- rn;ero AH'IHOCTb, <lAJ)ec MeCTa >KI1TeAhCTBa H rPIDKAdHCTBO, a npa- BOM npHeMa AOKYMeHTOB Ha,.!l,eAeHbI He TOAhKO COOCTBeHHO 1:136H- paTeAhHbI€ opraHbI, HO H ny6AH'1Hble 6H6AHOTeKH H llIKOAhI, ro- pOACKHe yqpe)K,l!,emUl H )"IpeJKAemUl KAepKOB rpa4JCTB (BKAlO'IiLII 6lOpO no perncTpaqHlJ 6paKOB), 6ropo, BH,II,illOll.\Ile pa3pellI€HH.!I Ha 3aH.!ITH€ OXOTOH H pbl60AOBCTBOM, HaAOrOBbI€ )"IpeJKAeHHH, HHbI€ <tJeAepaAbHbI€ 11 Aa.JKe HerOCYAdPCTBeHHble )"IpeJK,l!,eHHH npH HaAlJ'lI1H HX corMCHH. CHHO ynpOl.L\a.eT npOQeAYPY perHCTpaQHH H B03MO.JKHOCTh nOAa'lH COO'I'Be'KTB}'IOrn;ero 3aSlBAe- HHH nplJ o4JopMAeHHH HHblX AOK}'MeHTOB (HaIIpHMep, BONITeAbC- Kt'lX npaB), a TaIOKe no nO'ITe. CAWeT OTI\1eTHTh, 'ITO AeqeH'I'pdAllsaQt'lH CllCTeMbI pel'1I(:Tpa- l.\llI1 H36t'1paTeAeH, )"IaCTIillKOB pet1xPeHAYMa 06YCAOBJ\lIBdeT He06- XOMIMOCTh 3dKOHCIJ¥lTeAbHOro 3aKpenAeHIDI Mep, Onp€A£'NIIOIQHX 83 
nopHAOK nepe;.,a'm HClKoIlheHHoi! "HtlJopMClQtm " n03BONIIOll\tIX npep,O'rBpaTiiTh HeOAHOKpdTHOe rOAOCOBdHHe B cAyme OAHOBpe- MeHHOR HaME'peHHOH peJ1tcrpaQIfH B HeCKOAhKHX opraHaX HAH yq- PeJKA emUlx . PeaAl13aQIUI llMnepanlBHoro MeTOAd pentCrpill.\HH ()"IeTa) 113- 6llpaTeAen, )"IaCTHHKOB pe4JepeHA)'MC. B POCCllRCKOR a>8Aepll B03MO.JKHa 6AaI"OAapJ'i <tJyHKl.(I10HHpOBaHlllO rOCYAapCTBeHHOM Cll- CTeMbi perl1C>J])aLjlDl l)"IeTa) Il..IDnpdTeAei!, )"IaCTImKOB pe4JepeH- /JYMB (AMee - rOCYAapCTBeHHOIi CHCTeMbI), nOAKOTOpon. corABC- HO n. 12.1 CT. 2 1>eAepilAbHOrO 3aKOHB «06 OCHOBHbIX rapdHTH- HX...)), nOHHMaeTCH KOMnAeKC 06eCne'lHBalOrn;HX rapaHT"H H peaAl13dQHIO 1l30HpdTeAbHbIX nPdB H npaBd Hd )"IaCTl1e B petlJe- peHAyMe IpWKAdH POCCHMCKOM 1>eAepalJ)lH Mep no cooPY, CHCTe- MClTlJ3dQHH H HcnOAb30BdHHlO cBeAeHllH 00 H30npdTeNlx, )"Ider- H"Kax peepeJJAY1'm. B 3TOi! CBH3H oco6b1i! HHTepec npep,eraBNI- eT o6eCne'leHH€ >KH3HeCnoc06HOCT" YKd3dHHOH CHCTeMbI, B TOM 'lHCAe onpe,ll,eAeHH€ ee opram13aTopOB, 3C1KpeIlheH"e OCHOBaHlui perncrpill.\HH, HCnOAHJITeAen. CpOKOB peI1JCTpill\HH, nOPHAKd xpa- HeHID!, HCII0Ah30BaHllH H npep,OCfaBAeHID! CBep,eHllll 0 3apenlcqm- pOBdHHbIX Il36hp<rreAHX. )"IdCTHHKax pepeJVlYMd, a TaKJKe YCTd- HOB/\eHll€ UTBeTCreeHHOCTIl YIIOAHOMO'ieHHblX Cy6'beKTOB 3a <tJYH- KQIIOHHpOBamle rOCYAapCTBeHHon CIICTeJl.lbI. B Ka'iecTBe OprdH"3dTOpOB rOCYAdPCTBeHHOll CHCTeMbI Bblcryna- lOT '--teHTpaAbHaH H3611paTeAbHdH KOMHCCIlH P1>, B TalOKe H3611pa- TeAbHbIe KOMtlCCHtl Cy6"beKTOB po:!> BO B3aHMOAeiierBI1H C 4Jf2AepaAb- HbIMI1 opraHa.'\lH HCnOAHIITel'\bHOH BAaCI1l, opraHaJ\lH HCnOAHHTeAb- HOR BAaCTll cy6'beKTOB Pa>, opraHaMll MeCTHoro CaMoyIIpaBJI.emrn H AOJI)KHoc-rHHJI.UlAHI¥ll"lH}'Kd3aHHhIX opranOB. B cllAYII)'HKTa 1.2 no- hO>KeHlliI no perneHlllO H36I1pdTeAbHOM KOMI1CCIlll cy6beKTa Poccrnl- CKOM <Df2AepalUfI.! K pa60Te no peruc1pdl.(HH l)"Iety) MOryr IIpllB- KdTbOl TeppllTOpllaAbHbIe l1300p<rreJ\bHbIe KOMIICCHH H IHAH)1I3611- paTeAbHble KOMtlCCtltl MymntHnaAbHblX Wpa3oBaHtlii. AHaAI13 AellcTB}'lOlQero 4JeAepilAbHOrO SClKOHOAaTeAbCTBa no- 3BOAHeT B Ka'leCTBe npHopHTeTHoro OCHOBaHlUI perHCTpClQHll ()"IeTa) npH3HdTb 4JaKT HaXOJKAemffi Meerd >KHTeAbCTBa (noCToHH- Horo HAH npelll'l)'IllecTBeHHoro npO>KllBdHHH) IpWKAdHllHa Poc- CllMCKOi! 1>f2AepaQUll Ha COOTBeTCTB}'lOrn;ei! TeppliTOplili. TaR, 0(- '" 
HOBilHeM AMI perOCTpal.!lIll (yqeTa) 36HpaT€Aefi: Ha TeppTOp (\,f}'HLumaAbHOrO 06pa30BaHH SlB.I\5IeTCH 4JaKT HillWJK,lI,eHIDI MeC- Til JKHTeAbCTBil 36HpilTeAeH Ha COOTBeTCTByK>rn;eH TeppHTOpHH, YCTilHaBABaeMbIH Ha OCHOBaHHH CBeAeHHH, npeACTilBAHeMbIX oprilHilMl1, ocyrn;ecTBA.lUOrn;llMI1 peI'lICTpa1.llJlO rpd.JKAaH POCCI1HC- KOH a>eAepaL\HI1 no MecT)' npeOblBaHwl (.{ no MecT)' )I01TeAbCTBa B npeAeMx Poccl1iicKOii a>eAepaLlllH. OCHOBilHlIeM AMI penlCTpa- LlIHt (yqeTa) m6I1pilTeAeii-BOeHHOCA}l)KilLl\I1X, 'lAeHOB HX ceMeii H APynrx H36I1paTeJ\eH, npO>KHBillOLl\llX B npe,ll,eNlX paCnOAO.JKeHI1H BOHHCKOii 'lacTI1, BBMleTCH 4JaKT ImXO>I<,I\,€HlIH llX M€CTa >KHTehbCT- Ba B npeAeAax paCnOAO>KeHHB BOHHCKOH qaCTH, YCTaHilBAHBae- Mblii Hil OCHOBamHt CBeAeHl1ii, npeAOCTilBMIeMbIX COOTBeTCTB}'1O- Ll\eii cA}'JK6oii BOHHCKOii qilCTI!. HaKOHeLl, B UfHOI.IIeHlIH H3611Pil- TeAeii, npo>KlIBilIOLl\I1X 3a npeAeAaMH PoccHiicKOii a>eAepaLlI1I1, B Kil'leCTBe OCHOBamrn perHCTpaL.!lBt (Y'leTa) BbIcrynaeT 4JaKTllX noc- TOHHHOro npoA<JIBaHI1.!1 Hil TeppHTOpl1H HHOCTpilHHoro rocYAdp- CTBil, YCTilHaBl1l1BaeMbIH AlIllWMaTIf'leCIGIMI1 npeACTaBHTehbcrnil- Mll, KOHcyAbCKHMI1 yqpeJK,ll,eHIDIMll POCCHHCKOH <])€AepaLlI1I1. OCHOBHilH 06S1SilHHOCTh no oCYLl\eCTBAeHHIO perHCTpaQHH (yqeTa) H36HpaTeAeii, np0>KHBaIOLl\I1X Hil Teppl1TOpHH MYHI1LlI1- naAbHOrO 06Pa30BilHI1H, B03hO.JKeHil Hil rAaBf M€CrHoii ilN'IHHI1CT- paQI1H MYHI1QHnilAbHOrO paiiOHil, ropOAcKoro OKPyra, BHyrpHro- pOACKOii Teppl1TOpHI1 ropoAa €peAepaAbHOrO 3Hil'ieHHH (B CAY'lIDIX, npeAYCMarpeHHbIX 3aKOHOM cy6heKTa Poccm1a«nl a>eAep - ropoAa 4JeAepaJ\.bHoro 3Hil'leHHH, - Hil PYKOBOAIrreNI TePPHTO- pHilllbHoro opraHil HCnOAHHTeJUiliot1: BAilCTI! ropoAil4JeAepaAbHOrO 3Ha'IeHIDI). PerHcrpaQI1H (yqeT) m6HpaTeAeii-BoeHHOCAYJKaLl\llX, 'lAeHOB llXceMeii HAPyrnx H36HpilTeAeii. np0>KHBillOLl\I1X B npe,ll,e- J1.ax paCnOAO>KeHH5I BOI1HCKOii 'laCTIt, npOBOAHTCH KOMilHAHpa(\,!H BOlJHCKI1X 'lilCTet1:. OOAH01'IO'iI1HMi1 no ocyrn;ecTBAeHI1IO perOCTpa- LllJlJ (yqeTil) H36l1pilTeAeH, npo>KI1BilKJILll1X 3a npe Pocnlii- CKoii a>eAepaL\HH, HClAeAeHhI PYKOBOAIrreJ\H COOTBeTCTBYIOLl\HX AllIlAOMilTHqeCKllX npeACI'ilBJITeM>CTB H.II.I1 KOHCY.ll.hCKllX yqpeJK,ll,e- HHii POCCHiiCKOii a>eAepaQI1(.{. BMeCTe C TeM, rOBopH 06 OCHOBaHlffiX peI'ltCTpilQHll (yqeTa) H3- 6HpaTeAeH, CAe,.;yeT 3ilMeTI1Th, 'lTO 0AHHM J\HIllh €paKToM HilXOJK,ll,P- HI1H MecTil JIU1'I'ehbCTBil H36HpaTeAeH Ha COOTBeTCTByK>rn;eH Tep- 8S 
pHTopHH nepe'ieHb OCHOBatUlH HX pernCTJXIqH:H lyqeTilJ He HCqep- nhlBaeTC.II, nOCKOAhKY B OTAeAhHhIX Chyqa.llX B Kd'leCTBe noAQ6Horo OCHOBamrn MOJKeT BhlCT)'IIaTh YCTaHOBAeHHhlH KOMneTeHTHblMH opraHaMH iPaKT BpeMeHHoro npe5hIBilHtUI POCCHHCKoro rpa>KAil- HHlIa lIa TOH Hfili HHOH TeppHTOpHH. CAeAYeT OTMeTHTh, 'ITO npaBOBd.II perllaMeHTaJ.tH.II nop.llAKd pe- rHcrpaQHH lyqeTa) H36HpilTeAeil B CHI\.Y 3aKpeIlheHH.II MJYX pa3- III1QHhlX OCHOBaHHH perl1CTpaJ.tHH lyqeTa) AonYCKaeT B03MO)l(- HOCTh TaK H<l3b1BaeMOro ABOHHoro yqeTa rpa>KAaH. B QaCTHOCTII, I1>E!JI,epdAhHhrn 3aKOH (06OCHOBHhlX rapaHTlliIXm)} I1CXOAHT 113 B03- MO.>KHOCTH oC}'llleCTBAeHtUI pemcrpdJ..!HH l}"'-!eTa) 1136j.{pcrrelIefi - BhlHy:>K.l\,eHHhlX nepeceAeHJ.teB Ha OCHOBaHHH iPaKTil HX BpeMeHHO- ro npe6b1BaHH.\! lid TepPj.{TOp"j.{ MYHHJ.tl1naAbHoro 06pa30BaHj.{.II. CBE!JI,eHH.II, nOATBepJKAalOll\He AdHHblH iPaKT, npeACTilBMlIOTC.II opraHaMl1, ocyw;eCTIOll\llMH perl1crpaql1lO Ipa>KAilH POCCHHC- KOH l1>eAepaqllH no MecT}' npe6b1BaHtUI H no Mecry JKJITeAbcrna B npeAeAilX POCCHHCKOH I1>E!JI,epaJ.tIi\H. B'\IOCI'e C TeM AeHCTB}'IOll\ee iPeAepilAhHOe 3aKOHQAaTeAbCTBO, il TilKJKe (OpaBI1Ail peI'hCI'pilJ.tHH H CIDITlIH Ipa>KAilH POCCHHCKOH l1>eAepaWfH C perHCTpaJ.tHOHHOrO yqeTa no MecT}' npewaaHHH j.{ no '\Iecry JKH"I'ehbCTI!i B np€AeAilX POCCHhCKOH I1>E!JI,epaQHH'J, yr- Bep>KAeHHhle OOCTaHOBJ\eHHeM OpaBHTeAbCTBa POCCIliiCKOH 11>e- AepilqHHoT 17HIOMII995r. N713 (AilfI-ee-OpilllliAil), Henp€A)'C- MC.>JPHaillOT 06.113ilHHOCTII paCCMaTpl1BaeMOH KaTeropHH Ipa>KAilH o6paThcSI B ynohHOMOqeHHhle opraHbI C 3illIBIIeHtIeM 0 CIDITIIH C perllcrpaqlloHHOro )"IeTa no Mecry JKHTeAhCrnil B cy6'beKTe POC- CIDICKofi I1>E!JI,epaQHII, KOTOphIH OHH BWH}?KAeHhI nOKI1Hyrh B CtfAy OOCTO.llTeAhCl'B, Orrp€AeAeHHhIX 3aKOHOM POCClIHCI<OH l1>eAep OT 19 iPeapaMI 1993 r. Ng 4530-1 «0 BhIHY>KA€HHhIX nepeCeAeHLtilx». OOP.IIAOK CIDITlliI paCCMil>JPHBaeMOH KdTeroplill Ipa>KAilH C perHCT- paqH:OHHoro )"Ie-ril TilK)!(e He yCTilHaBAHBile-rC.II, 'iTO C03AileT npeA- nochIi\KII ocyrqecI'BI'IEHtffi ABOHHOro yqeTil BblHy:>K.l\,eHHhIX nepece- lIeHqeB no OCTilBJ\eHHOI>1)' Mecry JKHTeAbCTBil H no Mecry Bpel'IeHHO- ro npe6b1Bamrn Hil TepplITOpHll MYHj.{qmIilAbHoro 06Pil30BaHiffi. AeHCTByK>ll\ee 3aKOHOAaTellbCfB0 He COA€pJKIIT ooo3aHHocrH ynohHOMOqeHHblX opraHoa np01l3aOAHTb CHSITHe rpa}I(AaH C perH- 86 
crpaQHOHHoro )"IeTa no !'>Iecry JKHTeJ\l,CTIja npH HX Al\HTeAbHOH 33rpaHH'IHOH KOM3lWfpOBKe, p3BHO KaK He YCTaHillJAHBaeT H 0651- 3aHHOCTH rpa>KAaH o6pamaTbC5I B )'Ka3aHHble opraHbl C 3d.11:BAeHH- e!'>l 0 CH5ITlu{ C pemCTpaQHOHHoro )"IeT3 no !'>Iecry )I(I{Te....bCTB3 npH OTnp3BAeHl1H B 33rpaHwmylO KOMaHAllpOBKY. 3Ha'UIT, eCTh npeNIOCbL\I\H N.5I OC}'lQeCTBAeHlUI pernCTp3QHH ()"IeTa) )'Ka33H- HOM KaTeropHH Ipa>KAaH lID AB}'IVI OCHOBdHIDIM (B POCCHH H sa py- 6eJKOM) OAHOBpeMeHHQ. OpraHbl, ocyIQeCTB.I\5III.4IJe pemC'I'paIUO Ipa>KAaH po:!> no Me- cry npe6blBaHH5I H no Meery JKHT€AbCTBa B npeAeAaX POCCI1HCKOH o:!>eAepal.\,HH, BbIAa'lY H 3a!'>leHY AOK}'lVleHToB, YAOCTOBepSllOI4HX J\IiI'lHOCTh rpa>KAaflHHa, a TalOKe opraHbl 3AfC, BOHHCKOro )"IeTa, opr3HbI ()"IpeJI\AeHH5I) yroAoBHO-HCnOJ\HlITeAbHOM CHCTeMbI H cY- AOB OGSl33Hbl npeACT3BA.!ITb cooTBeTC'rnYIOI4He CBeAeHHH rAaBe !'>IeCTHOH BAMHHHCTp3QHH (P)'KoBoAHTeAlO TeppHTOpH3AbHoro opraHa HCnOAHHTeAbHOH BAaCTH ropOAa <tJeAepaAbHOrO 3Ha'le- HH5I). B CBOIO O'lepeAb, r....3B3 MeCTHOM <JAl"u{HHcrp3QHH HaIIpilB- J1.eHHble ei'fY CB€AeHIDI He pe)!(e 1 pa33 B MeOl1.\, nep€A3eT B H36H- paTeAbHYIO KOMHCCI1IO cyfYbeKTa POCCI1HCKOH <DeAepaQHH AAH q.opl'u{pOBaHH5I H BeAeHH5I perHCTpa 113611pcrrer..eH, )"I3CTHIIKOB pe4JePf'HA}"13. AHaAH3HPY5I CAO.>KH}'lO, MHorocryneH'laT}'lO CHCTeM}' perHCT- PaI.lHH ()"IeT3) H36HpaTeAeH, HeA.h351 He oGpaTIITb BHlfMaHHe Ha TO, 'lTO ee 4J)'HKQHOHHpOBaHHe npeAIIoA3raeT COrJl.aCOBaHHoe B33H- MOAeikTBHe H3Ghpa-reAbHblX KOMHCCHll, opraHoB rocYAapCTBeH- HOll BAaCTI1 H opraHoB MeCTHoro Ca]l.lDynpillJAeHH5I. OpH 3TOM B CHAY 3aKpeIIAeHHOro B <D€A€paAbHDM 3aKOHe ('06 OCHOBHblX ra- paHTI1Six...» nOpaAK3 nepeA3'la COOTBeTCTB}'K)I4HX cBeAeHHH He- nocpeAcTBeHHo B H36HpaTeAbHble KOMHCCHH oCYI4eCTBMleTcSI ynOAHOMO'leHHblMH rJl.3BaMI1 MeCTHbIX <JAl"1HHHCTpaQHM, KOTopbIe, eCAH AeAiiKfI' 3TO HecBoeBpeMeHHo, nOMe)!(3T C,lI,MHHHcrpaTHBHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTII corAaCHO KoAfl P<D. BMecre C TeM cyIQeCTB)'1OI.l..\d.II: B PeD CHcreMa perncrpaIV1H (TiP- Ta) H36HpaTeJ\eh, )"I3CTHIIKOB pe<f>epeHA)'Ma B POCCIDICKOH <DeAe- PaI..\HH HMeeT H OIIp€AeAeHHbIe acneKTbI N.5I OIITHMH33QHH. Bo-nepBblX, Heo6xOAHMO onTllNH3HpOB3Tb np3BOBble Nexa- Hlf3MbI peryJ\.HpOBaHlUI KOMneTeHItHH opraHOB MeCTHoro C3l\.lOyn- 87 
p3BAeHH.5I no BeAeHHlO perncrpaQlflI{yqeTa) "35HpaTeAell, yqilCT- H"KOB pec:tJepeJJAY1'13 B POCCllllCKOll a>eAep3l.\llH. AeAO B TOM., 'ITO Hef 'ieTKoro onpe.ll,ellf2HID1, arnocmDI.I\H perncr- paIJ,llil (yqeT) m6HpdTeAell opraHOM MecrHOI'O caMOynpdBAeHH.II K BonpocaM MeCTHOI'O 3HilQeHH.llIIAH JKe npeACTilBAlleT co6on oCY- ll\eCTBAeHHe oTAellbHoro rOCYA3pCTBeHHOI'O nOAHOMOQH.II, B03AO- JKeHHOrO Hil opraHbI MeCTHoro Cal'lOynpaBJ\eHH. CTilTbH 14-16 a>eAepaAbHoro 3ilKOHil 2003 f. «05 0611\HX npHHl.\llIIaX OpraHH3al.\llH MecrHoro caMoynpaBAeHH.II B POCCHllC- KOll <DeAepill.\HH», cOAepJKal1\He nepe'lHH BonpOCOB MeCTHoro 3Hil- 'ieHHH AJI5I OT#>AbfllilX BHAOB M)'HHl.\HllilAbHhlX 06pil30BilHHll, He OTHOCHT perHcrpdl.\HlO (yqeT) H36HpaTeAell, yqaCTHHKOB pe4>e- peHA)'Mil K BonpOCdM MeCTHoro 3Hil'ieHHH, 'iTO n03BOMleT pac- CMilTpHBaTb OC)'lIJ;eCTBJl.eHHe AdHHOn <tJyHKl.\HH KaK OTAeAbHOe ro- cYAapcrneHHoe nOAHOMO'IHe Ho 3TOT 3aKOH npeAYCMaTpnBaeT oco6b1n nopHAOK HaAeAeHI1S1 opraHOB MecrHOI'O Cil"loynpaBl\eHHH OTAellbHblMH rOCYAapCTBeH- HblMH nOAHOMO'lHHMH H npeAHBMleT K HeMY PHA Tpe6oBaHllH, cpeAH KOTOpblX H Heo6xo,HMOCTb HBAAeJK311\ero qJHHilHCOBoro 06eCneqeHH.II nepe,tl,dHflliIX nOAHOMO'lHH. a TaIOKe OT'IeTHOCTb op- faROB MeCTHOfO caMoynpaBAeHHH 06 oCYllleCTBAeHHH nepeAaH- HbIX HM O1;6.eJ\bHbIX rocYMPCTBeHHbIX nOAHOMO'lHH. KOHTpollb op- faHOB rOCYAapCTBeHHOH BJ\acTI1 3a OC}'llIffTBAeHHeM nepeAaHHbIX nOAHOMO'lHH HT-A. nOAOJKeHHH 4JeAepaAbHbIX 33KOHOB 0 HC!AeAe- HHH opfaHOB MeCTHoro CilMoynpaBAeHHSI OTAeAbHbIMH rOCYAap- CTBeHHblMH nOAHOMO'IIDIMH POCCHllCKOll <DeAepaQHH BBOMlTCSI B AeHCTBHe eJKerOAHO qJeAepaAbHblM 3aKOHOM 0 4JeAepaAbHOM 61OA- JKeTe Ha O'iepeAHOH qJHHaHCOBblH reA npH YCAOBHH, ec.I\H <tJeAe- paAbHblM 3ilKOHOM 0 qJeAepilAbHOM 610AJKeTe Hil cOOTBeTCTByro- IllHH qJHHaHCOBblH rOA npeAYCMOTpeHO npeAOCTaBAeHl1e cy6BeH- QHn Hil OC}'lL\eCTBAem1e YKa3aHHbIX nOAHOMO'Ilm. AHaAJ13 AeHCTB}'1Olllero 3al<OHOAilTeAbCTBa n03BOMleT YCTaHO- BHTb, 'ITO npemcr..UJIpeHHblH a>eAepaAbHblM 3ilKOHOM 2003 f. «06 0611\HX npHHqIInax oprilHH3ilqt1H MeCTHoro Cil!l-IOynpaBAeHIUI B POCCHllCKOH a>eAepal.\HH» nOPHAOK Hil,lI,eAeHIUl opraHoB MeCTHoro caMoynpaI!M'HIUI OTAeAbHbII'1H rocYAapCTBeHHbII'1H nOAHOMO'l.HH- MH B OTHOllieHIllf ocyrn;eCTBAeHIDI peI'HC'lpdQHH (yqeTa) m6HpaTe- 88 
Aeii: COOTBeTCTB}'fOIqlfMII rAaBaMH MecTHoii: (lAMIIHHCTPilQHH CO- 6hlOAeH He B nOhHOH Mepe. B YCAOBIDIX Heo6xoAllMOCTH HeYKoe- HHTeAbHOrO co6hlOAeHIIfI YCTaHOBAeHHoro nOpHAKa HilAeAeHHH opraHOB MeerHoro CaMOynpaBM'HHfI OTAeAbHbIMII rOCYMperBeH- HbI]<llI nOhHOl'1()<{Hfll'lH: H C yqeTOM CAO)f(HOCTH CAE!AOBaRHfI )'Ka3aR- HOMY nOPflAKY B03MOIKHblM IIpeACTaBMIeTCfI paccMoTpeHHe BOII}XI- ca 06 IICKNO'feHHH rAaB MeCTHblX iIA1'11lliHCTpaQHH M}'HHQl1naAb- HbIX 06pa30BaHIItJ: H3 rOCYAapCTBeHHoi1 CIICTeMbl perHCTpaUHII (}"feTa) lI36HpaTeAeiJ.. BO-Bmopb!X, Tpe6YeT BHlIMaHIDI peryAlIpoBilHHe Bonpoea OCY- rn;eerBAeHIDIII36I1paTeAbHbIX npaB, npdBa Hil }"faCTlIe B pec:tJepeH- A)'Me rp<lJKAaHaMlI POOClfl1CKOil l1>E!Aepa1!IDt, He tII'IeIOJ..4I1l'Uf pernCT- Pal..\HH no MeCf}')KJ1TeAbCTI3d. KaK nOKa3blBaeT npaKTllKa, )'Ka3aHHbIe rpaJKAa,He B CHJ\Y YCTa- HQBAeHHbIX OCHOBilHHH perHCTpaQHII (}"feTal H3611paTeAeH oera- IOTCH He }"-J"reHHbIMH Ha TeppHTOpHHX COOTBeTCTBYK)JJ..!.I1X M}'HHQIi- naAbHbIX 06pa30BaHIIH II B AaAbHefirneM He BKNO'IOIOTCH B cnHeKH lI36IIpaTeAeH. 3aMeTH!'I B 3TOH CBfl3II.. '1TO npeAOII(JeAeAeHHoerb peaAlI3al\lIli ll3611paTeAbHbIX npaB IpaJKA<lli perlierpaQlIeH no Me- CIy npe6bIBaHIDIIIAlI JlUITeAbCTBd npOTllBOpe'lliT Bceo6rn;eM)' xa- paKTepy KOHcnIT}'LllIOHHOrO npaBa rpd.JKAd.H lI3611paTb 11 6blTb 1I3- 6paHHbIMli B OpraHbI rOCYAaperBeHHOH BAilCTli II oprdHbl MeCTHO- 1'0 Ca!'loynpaBheHHH, TeM 60Aee 'JTO B COOTBeTCTBl11:1 C 3aKOHOM POCCIIHCKOH @eAepaQHII OT 25 HIOHfI 1993 r. NQ 5242-1 ,,0 npaBe rpd)l(,A,aH POCCIIi1CKoH@eAepau;IJl1 Ha CBOOOAY IIepeABlIJKeHIHI, BbI- 60p Meera npe6bIBaHIDIII AUITeThCTBil B npeAeAaX POCCIIHcKoH@e- AepaQlIID> perIlcr no MeCf}' npe6bIBdHIDIII no MeCf}' JKllTeAb- crnil lIAlI cm:yrCI'BJleTilKOBOH He MOryr CA}'JKlITbOCHOBilHlIeM orpa- HlI'ieHIDIlIAH YCAOBlieM pei1AI13dl.[.UH npaB II cB060ArpaJKAdH (CT. 3). B-rnpernbux, KO!'lMeKcHoro paccMOTpeHHfI Tpe6YeT yperyAlI- pOBaHlie @E!AepdAbHb!!'I 3ilKOHO!'l (,06 OCHOBHblX rapaHTlIflx...» H Bonpoc 06 06eCIIe'JeHHH peaAJJ3aQHH npilEa HHocTpaHHblx rpd.iK- AaH npllHI1MilTh )"IilCTIIe B I'OAOCQBilHlIl1. B 3aKAlO'leHIIe cAeAYeTOTMeTIITb, 'ITO rocyMPCTBeHHilJI CI1CTe- !'Iil pernC'rpaLllIli ()"IeTa) II3611paTeAeH pa60TaeT 34Jc:tJeKTlIBHo, no- Kil3aTeAeM 3Toro HBAlleTOI ycneuIHo npoBeAeHHble H36HpaTeAb- HbJe KOMIIdHlIli 2007-2008 IT 89 
3AKfllOLlEHII1E CBoGOAHhl€ A€MOKpdTH'leCKHe BhlGOphl, H3GHpaTeAhHbIe npa- Ba rpilJK,ll,aH H H3GHpaTeJ\bHoe SaKOHOMTeAbCTBO, YCTdHaBMJBalO- l1\ee npaBOBhIe rapaHTHH npOIJ€AeHlm BhI6opOB H peaAH3aI.!HH H.- 6HpdTeAhHhIX npaB, B lIX B3dllMOCB5I3H npeACTaBMlIOT COGOH 0MlH H3 BaJ/(HeiwIIIX aCneKTOB AaAhHeHWerO pa3BIITHfi COBpeMeHHOH pOCCHHCKOH rOCYAilPCTBeHHOcrn:. B AeNOKpaTH'feCKON rOCYAapCTBe Bhl60phl BhlnOAHSItOT pJ'iA BaJKHhIX 4JYHKqHH, oGecnetUfBdtOIqHX nOTpe6HOCTII, npaBa H HH- TepeCI:.I rpaJKA3H, oGl1\eCTBa H roCYAapCTBa. YpOBHeM pa3BJJTI1S1 CB060AHhIX A€MOKpaTH'leCKlIX Bhl6opOB H npaaOBOH KYJ\l,'I}'PhI BO MHorOM o6yclIOBI'I.eHh! ypoBeHh paSBHTlliI AeMoKpaTIl'leCKoro 06- l1\eCTBa., CTeneHh pil3BlITlliI peaAbHoro ocyrn;ecTBAeHlffi BAaCTII Ha- CeAeHHeM 3HaHHe CyrH nOHflTHH ({H36HpaTeAbHoe npaBO" H "H36Hpa- TeAbHhIe CHCTel<-lhI" He06Xo.HMO Ka;>KA0MY'IeAoBeKY, JKellillOl1\eMy >KHTh B AeMoKpaTlrI€CKOM 06I1(eCTBe, TaK KaK 3TH 3HaHHSI AalOT HaM nOHHMaHHe M€XaHH31'>13 H CMhlCAa BhI60POB, a }"IacrHe rp3JK- AdH B BbI60pax pd3AH'lHhlX ypOBHeH " pec}JepeHAYMdX SlBMleTCSI BhIClllHM BhIp3JKeHlJeM HdpOAOBAilCTIIfI. npaBO rpaJKA3H rrncrno- BaTb B 4JOpMHpOBdHHH BAilCTHhlX HHCTlITyrOB HBMleTCfI 0611(e- npH3HaHHhIM 3AeMelITOM COBpeMeHHoro 0611(eCrnd H AeMOKpaTH- '1eCKoro roCYAdPCTBd. 1136HpaTeAhHOe npaBO H H3611paTeAhHafl CflCTeMa HenOCpeA- CTBeHHO CBfl3aHhi C nOAIITWieCKOH c<t>epOH qJ)'HK4HOHHpOBdHHfI rOCYAdpCTBa H rp3:>K,AdHCKoro 06IlteCTBa. ECAH H36HpaTeAbHOe npaBO npeAMeTIIO perJ\.aMeHTHPYeT nOAlITlI'leCKoe npaBO rpaJKAaH H36HpaTb H GhlTb H36paHHhlMH, TO H36HpcrreAhHall CHCTeMa KaK 4JoPMii peaAHS34HH HOpM H36HpcrreAbHOrO npaBa BhIpaJKaeT M'/.- HdMHKY H C'Ip)'KTYPY }"IdCTlliI rpaJKAaH B OC}'llIeCI'BJ\eHHH BAdCTII. B cOBoKynHocTH OHH 06pa3YlOT nOAHTIJKo-npaBOBYIO OCHOBY 90 
q:.)'HKqHOHHpOBaHIUI HHCTHT}'TOB CHCTeMbI npeACTaBHTeAbHoi{ H Bbl50PHOi{ AeMOKpaTIlll. KOHCTmYWi}! POCOfi{CKOi{ <DeAe B03hOJlUfAa Ha opraHbI POCCHi{CKOro rocYAilPcrna BaJKHble 05H3aHHOCTII no oxpaHe H 3a- l.WITe H35llpaI'€J\bHHX npaB rpiVKAaH. 3a HapyrneHiJe H35HpaTeAb- HbIX npaB rpa*A3H " npaBa rpiVKAaH Ha yqaCTlle B peq:.epeHAYMe .ll.llLlCl, HapYlllalOl.L\lle 3TH npaBa, Hecyr yrohOBHYIO, ClAMI1HHc-rpa- TIfBH}'IO J\H50 KOHcrmYl.\HOHHo-npaaOB}'IO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh B coar- BeTCTBI1H C 4JeAepiJhbHhIMH 3ilKOHaMH. OCHOBHOi{ 3ilKOH rocYAdPcrBa rJ\aClIT: "rpaJKAillie POCCI1i{CKOi{ <JJeAeJ:XmHH IJJI.lewr npilBO H36HpaThH 6HI'b m(;paHHhIMll B opraHbI roCYAapcrBeHHoi{ BhdCTII H opraHbI MeCTHOrO caMoynpaBAeHli}!, a TillOKeY'laCTBOBaTh B pe4JepeHAyMe))32. 003TOM)' JU060H C03HaTeAb- HbIH rpaJKAilliHH He AONKeH npeHe6peraTh IIpaBOM pedJU130BblBaTb CBOll H:IDl1paTe.ll.bHble npaBa AdhbHeHwee COBepWeHCTBOBaHHe H3- Gl1paTeAbHoro 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBa Tpe6yer at>,amaQI1H H3GHpaTeAb- HOH cHcreMbI H H35HpaTe.ll.bHOro npaBa K H3MeHSlIOIqH:MCH COl.\HaAb- Ho-nOhHTWIeCKHM YChOBIDIM C LleAblO 4JOpMllpOBaHlliI ycroWUJBoro H cTafilhbHOro pa3BlITlliI nOJ\H'IWleCKOH CHcre/l!llil POCCHl1 TaKHM 06Pa30M, Y"dCTMe B nOhHTH'lecKoH JKH3HH CTpdHbI B Lle- .11.01'1 H Kil)K,l!,OrO ropOAd B 'iaCTHOCTII HBJ\HeTCH MOI4HblM pbl'fdTOM B q:.OpMHpOBaHHH npaBOBoro rocYAapCTBa, CH.l\bHOrO rpaJKAilliCKoro 06l.L\ecrBa, B KOTOpOM Ipd.iKAdHe GyAY!' pedhbHo OTb CBOJO CO- npH'iaCTIIOCTh K npaBOTBOp'lecKoMY npoqeccy, 'iTO, 5e3YCAOBHO, nOBbiCIIT I1X ypoBeHb nOhllTWlecKoH KYAbT}'PbI H npaBOC03HaHlfH. 113Y'1eHI1e npHHqHnOB H3611paTehbHoro npaBa H oc06eHHOc- TeH 113Glfp<rre.ll.bHOH CHCTeMbI n03BOhllT COCTaBllTb 60Aee 06'beK- THBHoe npeAcTaBheHHe 06 3c:lJc:peKTlfBHoCTlf lfHCTHT}'TOB Henoc- peJI.CTBeHHoH Aei'fOKpanrn: B cOBpeMelllioH POCCHH. '" KoticnlT}'QIl.II Pc:D M., 1993. 
6M6J1MOrpa(j)MfI HOpMaTIIBHbIe npaBOBI>J(' aH;ThI 1 KoiJcrmytltIJI POCCI1HCl\OH IDeAepdl.\l1'! 2 05 06E'cn_H'UlIWIJIOHHbI)( npdB rpa.:>KA<IH Pocc!!flmrn <DeAe- pdl.\!!!! Hs611paTb 11 6bm, ll.36paHHblNH a opraHbl Me<:THOro caNoyrrpdB- I'\E'H!!.11 <Dep,epMbHblii saKOH OT 26 HO.ll6p.ll 1996 r N 138-<D3 (peA, OT 21111011.112()()5r.IIIC06pilli11B3ill{{)POCCl1HcKofi<D,¥\epa- qHI1 1996 N49. CT 5491 3. 05 OCHOBHbDc: rdpaHTHRX 11 npaB II npaBa Ha }"ICIcTlIe B pepel-fAY1'le rpaJKA<lH POCCI1HCKOH <D,¥\epaqHl1: <De.t>,epdAbllUtl3a1<;OH OT 12 I1IOH.II 2002 r. NQ61-<D3(p'¥\. OT21111ON12005 r, I1SM. OT 14 H01IfipSl 2005 r ) II Co5paHI1e SaKOHOAdTe!JoCTB POCCI1HCI\OH IDeAepaLjl1I1 2002 N24.CT.2253 4 OBbl6opax n(X'3IW'HTa POCCllHCKOH IDeAepal.\lIl1: (DeAepdAbHbrH saKOH OT 10 .IIHBap.ll 2003 r. N 19-<D3 (peA. OT 21 HIOII.II 200511/ Co6paHI1e 3BKOIJO,II,iITBI'lPoccPHCKOfi II. 2003. N2. Cr. 111 5. OrocyICHCTe:>lePncrni"lCJ<.OIllDeAepa- qllll «Bbl60pbl»: llli: 3aKOHOT IOJlHBap.ll2003 r NQ2Q-<D311 C05paID1ePocoDIc:I<oU<DeAepai.\111! 2003.NQ2 CT 112. 6. OBbl6opaxAerryrdTOB rOCYMPCTBeHHoHAy!.lbl <De./!,epallbliOl'O C06pa- HID! Poccl1ii:CKOii: (Dem IIDeAepMbHhlH Sal\OH OT 18 Md.II 2005 r. Nq51-<D3/1C3Pc:D,23MdR2005r.Nq21 CT. 1919 7. 05 06eeIIB'leHllH 1136llpiITeAbHbIX npdB BOeHHOCA}fJKCIll\HX, COTpYAHH- KOB opraHoe BHyrpeHHllx AM PUCCllHCKUH <Detf'paI.\IIH, ruCYAdPCTBeH- HOH npOTMBOIIO.>KapHOH Ci\yw6bl MHHI1CTepCTBa POCCHilcKOH <D,¥\epa- I.\llH no AeAaM rpaJKA1lHCKoH 060POHbI, 'Jpe:JBbI'JaHHhlM C!!T}'al.\l1.11M H I'\lJKBI1JI,aU;Hll IJOCJIeACTBI1H C11fXHHHblX 6'¥\CTBllH, OpraHOB no KOmpoAlO sa 060p0ToM KlJXCPBACTB 11 I1C1IXOTpOI1HbIX Betl\eCTB 11 pa- 60THI1IWB opraHOB npOKypaT}'Ph! POCCI1HcKOI!: <D'¥\epal.\l1l1 YRa3 npe- sHAeHTa POCCI1HCI\OH IDeAepal.\l111 OT 30 Md!! 1997 r No 535 (peA- OT 25 HO- SlUpR 2003 r) /I C06pdHI1e sal(QIj POCCllHCKOHIDeAepdLjl1!! 1991.N22 Cr.2512 8 0 paS1>RCHeHI1.11X nop.IIAKa npHleHeHll.ll OTAeAbHblX nOAO.>KeHHilIDeAe- pMbHoro 3aKOH<I ,,06 OCHOBHhlX rdpaHTlI.IIx I1S6llpiITeAbHblX I1paB H npaBa Ha )"IiICTHe B pec:lJepeHA)'].le rpd)KA<IH PoccHilcKOH IDeAepill.\lll1», 92 
peryl'll:lpyJOw,HX eOrrpOCb! IJ:IOp!lfpoBa(JI1S1I136I1parel\bHbI}( KOMIfCCI1A cy61,eKTOB PocCHHCKUH <DeAepdi.\HI1: n<..ICTdHOB.l\eHHe l..\eiITpMbHOH If:3t)H- paTel'lbHOH KONIfCClll1 POCCllHCKUH IDeAepdl.\HH N 13/110.4 OT 21111OH.II 2003 [" /I BeCTHIfK l..\empMbHoHll36llpaTel'lbHOH KOMlleelll1 POCCllHC- KOH<DeAepdl\l1l1.N6{203J 9 3aKoH P.II:JdHCKOH 06AacrH ur 03 HfOAII2003 [" «0 Bb160Pax AenyTaTOB P.II3ilHCNJII 06MCTIlOHJ'l.yMbI» /I cnc «KOHCYl\bTdHTIIlUOC» 10. 3ilKoH06Mcrnur13AeKa6p.ll2006r.N161-03"OBbl6opax B oprdHbl Me<:THOro CdMoynpaIIJIflIlIJU' II cnc «KOHCYl\bTdHT IIlUOC" II. Ycra.B06p<DOBilHIDI-ropOACKOHOKpynupOAP.II:JdHb I'H3aHCKOii 06l'1acrn: /I http://Www.QOIsoveLryazan ru/ustiIV.html. _TYP' , AHucUMoBa H 11. IDeAepallbHhle CTdJJAdprbl AMI perHOHal'lbHbDc: napl'la- MelITCKIIX Bhl60POB: npOOl'IeMbJ pd3I"p<lHlI'IeHH.llIIDf4nen'tll1lJ11 B 113611- p<rreIU>IIOM I1paBe POCelll1/1 >KypHdI'IpOeClliieKOro npaBa 2008 N2. rCMOBUH A r. 1136op;rreM>HOB npaBO PoccPII. M HoPMd, 2001 EUlClI1pUImOOB.C. Elqepa30nOHJITHI1I1CllCTeMdIlKoHC- mHHOel1M}'HHI.\Hndl'lbJ-JOenpdBo 2008 N9. 4 EpWOB B.A OCHOBh! 1136op<ITellbHoro npaBd p<!J M.: rpocCMe;l,Hd <Dep- pdl'l,2008. 5 3yCllwBAB. Pa3BHTMeOBbI6opdXnpe3llAel1TaP<!JB 1993-2008 rr. /I KoHC'J'l.('!}I.tI«JlJHOE' Ii MYHl1l\11PMbHOe npaBo. 2008. N20. 6. HBUH'i.effiW AB., KbUieB AB , lI106apeB AE IlponOPl\l10Hil1\bHiIJII136H- paTe1IbHiIJI CI1CTeMd I! POCClll1 HCTOpIIJI.- COBPPMPHHOf' cocro.llHHe, nep- ClleKTHBbJ. M: AcneKT npe<:c, 2001. 1 l.h6llpaTeAI,HOe npaBo 111136H()<ITeI'\bHbDI I1pou;eec BPOCelllkNm IDeAe- pH Y'Ie6HHKAI'\.IIB)'3oB/DrB PBA,AABeIlIHJlKOB M HopId.2f.Xfi. B J.1s6llpaTe1IbHble KUMllCCl111 B PocCHikKO}i <Dep.,ePaI:\llH: J.1cropID!, TeD- pH.II npaKTMKa M.: Beeb MlIp. 1996. 9 J.1HCTH'I'}'TBbI6opoBBl1cropI1HPOCCIlli:Klli1:}'Kd3aTel'lbI nOAoGlq. PBA. AA BelllH.IIKoea. KalIyra CHMBOI'I" M.: PL{om, 2002. 10. J1HCTH'I'}'TBbI6opoBBl1CTfpIl1POCCHI1:EttGI'IeCKlJiiy;c:.a.1iITel'lbI nOAoGlq. PeA. AA BelllWlKosa. KalIyra Cll:o.mOI'l" M: PL{om.2002. II l\Jm.JefJCAO\jepKlJTeOpHl1pocCl1tklwml136HnpaBa BAaAH- BOCTOK.I13A-IIoAdl'lbHE'BOC'I'O'I!fOIUYH-Td, '999 93 
12 KpacuHcKu{i B.B. 0 npo6JIeNroc: nO'ITOBoro rOIlOCOBdHI1.11 (Ja eh!60pax a 3apy6e.>KHbIX crpaHaJI: /I >KypHMpocCImCKOrO npaaa. 2008. N 12. 13. l'-1rImeI:iKv8lJ'I M.C. npaBOBoeperyAHpOBaHHe BbIOopoB BOpraHbl rOCYMP- CTBeHHOH BJlaCTM cyfueKToB POCCI1HCKOH IDeAepau;HI1 MoHorpa4mJj TfOME'tlli l13A-BOTIY, 1999 14. f\1t,!AbJiUKoBB.B.npo6I\eMblIIOH.IITH.II«peKll1lMd""HeKO- Topble nOAXOAb! K ero 3aNJHQA<ITel'\btiolll)' OIJpeAeI'IeHlUO II KOHCnrry- QIIOHHOe II M)'HI1I1I1IJi11'\btiDe npdBO. 2008. N 12. IS HblpOBb.<1J COCTO.llHl1e3dKOHOTHQCHIehbHOllHI}JopMl1pO- BdHID! HaCeI\eHID! B XOAe M)'Hl1l\(ln<lAbHbIH BH6opoB /I rOCYAapCTBeH- Ha.II Bl'ldCTblJ MeCT'HOe CiINO}'IIP<J.B'leHlle. 2008. N9. 16. ()qepKHnollcroplllillblOopoBIIIIpaI3d.Ka1Iyra;M.:CI1M- BOI'I, '997 11 floNlTH'Ie<:Kl1e I1HCTmyrbl, 1135HpaTe,u,Hoe n))<lBO 11 np()]c B TPYAdX 3iillq/I,HoeBpOIIeHCKHXl'lbI:I'lIJTeAcii:XVll-HiI'laI'IaXXIICKa XpeCT'OMa- TIDlI OrB. peA,. AA BelllH.llKOB. Ka1Iyra CllMBO!.; M.: PLlOHT,2003 16 CagoBHuKoBa I".A,. np06Ae:'>lbI onTH1I13aU;HI1 nopct c:J>oPMl1pOBaHI1 npeA,CTdBHTeAbHbIX OpraHOB B Pa> /I KOHCI'H'I'}'QliOHHoe 11 M)'Hlll\HUdAb- Hoe upaao. 2008. N 14. 19 COOpHHK CYft.e5HbDc: pellJeHHH no AehaM 0 xllU;IIW a36npaTeAbIIbIX npaB rpd>KAdH 11 npaBa lJ<I)"I<}C'TIK' B pe4!epel.JAYMe. M. 3epI.\0A0-M, 2005. ql-3. 20. CepreeBA A. 060lp<lHII'Jffill1l npBAl>leTd pepet1Jl.YMd 1'<1> /I KOHcm- oHIJoe 11 M}"lJI1I.\HnaJLbHOe npaE!o 2008 N 19; nonoB O.B. Ilpo6Ae- Mb! pedi\J13al.ll'l1 HOpM Koo\ll Pc:D II 'IacTH 6opb6hl C npaeofIapyweHI1S1MI1 a ctPepe 113611paTBAbHoro npuLlecca /I AAII1HI1CTpClTI1BHOe npaBo 11 npou;ecc. 2008. NS. 21. CpaBHI1TeAbHOe 1135HpcrreAbHO€' npaBo: Y'Ie5. noco5He I HaY'! peA. B.B. MaKAaKoB. M: HOP/v1A, 2006. 22. TypuUjeB CB OrBeTCTBeHHOCTb MlWI,lI,iITa. 1'lbtJO[O o&beAH:- HeHIlJI3affi!.pymeHIK'OtPOpMJ\eHIlJIB,nAMI pernCTpau;llll: COUfHOllJeHI1e npllHljHIJa BllHhl 11 (X:HOBdlJIjll OTKd3a B pe- rnCTpdl.\I111/1 >KypHaJ\. pOCCl11ic1<oro n))<lBa 2008 N II. 23. ll1e'lfe'lllliAB. BAillIHlleCOQllill'lbHo-Mn(j['pa$WI€CKoro.paKTOpa HalJ3- fJltpcrreilbHIDi: npou;ecc B POCCl1ll /I McropllJl rocYAdPCTBd 11 IIpdBa. 2008. N20 24. I1leMeIJUH AB. CO!.{lJilAbHo-p,eMorpacpH'IeCKHfi $aKTOp II 1135HpaTe,u,- 110M npou;ecce II POCCIII1: perHOHal'lbHhlH aCIICKT II rOCYMPCTBeHl1a5I BJlacTb 11 I'oft'C'I"HOe CaMO}'IIpaBl\eHHC. 2008. N 9 94 
OrnaSJ1eHMe fu!eAeHIK'... lJlUBU I l136npaBo:nOIDI'I'He,OCHOBHbJenpHHl\HJ]hl ................£ I"JlUBu2. fIoIDITHell30oifCllCTeMhl... .....20 I"MIBa 3. BbiOOpbllU!CTH'l)'TOB ny6N!'IHOH E\.hacTH pa3l\wllloroypOBWIBPOCCtlHcKuHlDeAepal.jlUl . .....39 3.1 BbrtJOpbl flpelI1AeHTa POCCHHCKOH <DeAepaQtll1 .... .....40 3.2. fuIDopHAeIJYIffiUBrOCYMpcmeHHoHJ'l.yMhl IDeMPMbHOro Co6paHillI POCCI1HCKOH IDeAepal.\HI1 . 43 I"JlUBu4 MeC'I'HhIHpe$epeHAy!llKaKBhlCIlIaHc:J>opMil HapDAOBJ\iiC1'illI. . I"JlUBu5 DrBeTC'!'BeHHOC'l'h3aa361lpd7B'lhHh!Inpa.B rpd)KAiill............... ......................................................58 I"MIBu6. AKT}'MbHbleBOI1pOCl.lpeaAH3d1.\HI1 1135HpaTeAI,Horo npou;e<:ca B PoccaocKoH <IJeAep<llQlH ............ 69 6.1 A,HcK)'Pc 0 peaAH3aU;HH 1135HpdTeAI,HbDc: npaB I1HOCTpaHHblMH rpaJKA<lHaMH Ha Bh!OOpax opraHoB MeCTHomca:o.loyn))<lBAeHI1J1 B P<!>.. . . . . . .. ........ ..69 6.2. Pen!CTpaLjWI b"leT) H.3fiIIpaTw,eH, }"IacTHI1KOB pepel-JAY1'la B Pc:D KaK lVIJO'IeBOH $aKTOp peaAH3aLjl111 ....J5..pa-reAbHblxnpaerpa.>l\¥H. ...... .. ...81 3aKJlJO'JeHl1e ... ....... ........ . ...... ........... ...... ..... ... ................... ... ...... .. 90 En6,UtOrpa$n.ll.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ... .. 92 
flOllnl1caHoBnCLJmbJO.09.2009 Q)cpMaT60" 88/16. flcLJaTb. Ycrr. neLJ n.5.88. Y'J.-I1J!l.n 4.86. TI1pa>K 100)31<3. H:mN2 1959 OOOtI:JJ1I1HT'd», 117342,r MocKBa,YJ1 5vmepctIa.JI.17-E, KOMH 324. TeJ1/KC' (495)334-82-65, TtJ1 (495)336.03-11. E-mail.f1ilt.a@mailru;e:\.1IW\\f.f1inta.ru. H1.!J.;IreJlbC1OOHa}, 117997,rCn-7, MocKHaB-485, p.flp(xtX:OIo.m<rn,JI.90.