RL VA
Е.С. ОРЛОВА
UNIVERSITY UNIVERSAL
Book 1
Курс английского языка для университетов
Рекомендовано Учебно-методическим объединением
по образованию в области лингвистики Министерства
образования Российской Федерации в качестве учебника
для неязыковых вузов
Н, Новгород, 2003
ББО1.2
0-66
Орлова Е.С. University Universal. Book I. Курс английского языка для
университетов. Издание 2-е, Нижний Новгород: Изд-во Нижегородской
государственной медицинской академии, 2003. - 134 с.
Настоящая мига представляет начальные разделы курса английского
языка, рекомендуемого студентам практически любого- неязыкового
факультета, аспирантам, специалистам и всем желающим научиться
реальному общению. Курс тоже может быть использован преподавателями
шкои при организации обучения и выборе собственных программ.
Курс является победителем И Всероссийского конкурса «Лучший
учебник/учебное пособие по иностранному языку для неязыковых
вузов», проведенного Учебно-методическим объединением по
образованию в области лингвистики Министерства образования
Российской Федерации в 2002 г. (Московский государственный
ли.н генетический у s иверс итет)
ISBN 5-7032- 0487-9
© Е.С.Орлова, 2003 г.
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
ЭД
В настоящее время, когда знание английского языка приобретает для
специалистов особую актуальность, важнейшей задачей становится
разработка новых технологий обучения. Представляемый куре английского
языка является одним из возможных вариантов ее решения.
Первая книга содержит базовую часть курса и состоит из трех глав.
Главы I и II (Sections I and И) построены по определенным логико-
смысловым линиям, что обеспечивает усвоение фундаментальных
грамматических структур и моделей их развертывания в потоке речи.
Идентифицированное и упорядоченное множество таких моделей создает
основу для адекватного языкового воплощения разнообразных смысловых
диапазонов и конкретных идей, соответствующих основным
коммуникативным запросам студентов, аспирантов, исследователей и
специалистов-практиков. В третьей главе представлены разнообразные
задания и тесты как обучающего, так и контролирующего характера. Объем
усваиваемой лексики на базовом- этапе составляет около 1700 единиц.
В отличие от других курсов дайной категории, весь “University
Universal” Предоставляет практически полное грамматическое и достаточное
лексическое обеспечение (свыше 5000 единиц), гарантируя тем самым
комфортную речевую деятельность и возможность естественного перехода к
любому специализированному курсу, преподаваемому на английском языке.
Учебник обеспечивает достаточный языковой уровень как .для участия в
проектах, предполагающих адекватное англоязычное общение участников,
так и для сдачи различных квалификационных экзаменов.
В силу указанных особенностей “University Universal” может
использоваться для преподавания английского языка на практически любых
неязыковых факультетах университетов, у студентов которых есть -реальная
потребность в грамотном иноязычном общении в различных формах на
высокий уровне. Настоящий курс может также использоваться на курсах
повышения квалификации и переподготовки специалистов различных
профилей. В отдельных случаях возможно его полное или фрагментарное
использование в работе с учащимися средних школ и абитуриентами.
“University Universal” содержит материалы для интерактивной работы
в аудитории и самостоятельного изучения, И те, и другие предусматривают
различные смысловые преобразования, дающие возможность использовать
усвоенные модели в возможно большем количестве контекстов,
В настоящее время многие естественнонаучные факультеты включают
в свои учебные планы дополнительные программы по иностранным языкам.
В результате модели обучения варьируются от обязательных 340 до 1400
часов (соответственно 170 и 700 в аудитории). Целый ряд вузов, в том числе
Нижегородский государственный университет, осуществляют подготовку
?' ’fy & "4 %	'&' fy % % "% %: "« Ъ г- -fy A ty. *< '»/ Ъ '*/.& ».'// 'a .% -4. 'v, "/ «. '»/ x>.. %.. »/. % *. к. », ь. '«. »/ (, <x- ъ q. % %. -л.	f	f/ /f \
ГРАММАТИКА," Неопределенная форма глагола — инфинитив ......... с
частицей to. Слова wAm wA««, «Ля wAom иймй wh| wferten Лож Лсяг
fowg, tew жотсД tow дашт уточняющие инфинития|И«фииити1«ые фразы, и
обороты типа -to fwMwre to rfa Ле BOertew to to, Ae totoBeA to to, Ле
/Itofeter fftofe to 4эк|Гжгол Ле в настоящем времени! Модальные глаголы to
Ш йе Ле йоЛ Oirgto ш йе лйои? to, I» f ewfttorf to. Ле a/towerf to, te gatog ж
Прочие значения Ле ЛД t Инфинитив после существительным и
прилагательных.., Утвердительные ич1трийййЕн|Упредаожения, Вопросы*
вопросительные слова и ответы, Притяжательные, объектные и возвратные
местоимения. Слово ЛоЛ Агентивные существительные^
DISCUSSION ISSUES: Problems, Dilemmas And Alternatives, Гт A
Lucky Person., My Learning Style* Something I Am About To- Do /1. Am. Going
To Da If It Likely To Happen? What. Sort Of Person Is Your Colleague Likely
To Be? People: Their Personalities And Skills* Some FeatHres/Characteristics To-
Wiit In A Researcher (In A. Good Student* In A Friend) , What Is He Likely To
Do, I Wonder? Is Your Academic leeord Superior? What Are You Going To
Achieve?
Вопросы дж обсуждения: Проблемы, дилеммы и альтернативы (выбор).
Мне везет. Мой учебный стиль Что я собираюсь сделать? Возможно лж что
это произойдет? Что за люди работают с вами.? Люди: их характеры и.
умения, Вот качества» которые хотелось бы видеть в исследователе (в
студепте, в друге), Вы учитесь отлично? Чего вы собираетесь достичь?
1,1, TMnfmitives» Infinitive Phrases And Clauses. ЖЛм irtere* irM «<ож-
wAfcA wtoi wferten Лож Awr tow tow яиж specifying to*
infinitives* The Verb .Ж **& +	Pattern.	*^,^,^.,,13
I,I ,, L Simp le-	nfinit.i ves-,»*«,«,** *. ♦ * » * ♦ * * * * * * * * » * , . * *«* # , *«*«* * •> *«* * * * *«**»* ♦ * ***I -i?
I , 1 «2с ТЛJnimhves As .Responses- To- Situations «»*•« * * * * *» * * * * * , *,«, »• *	<.«**««13
L.l. J, Outlining Problems, Wemmas And Alternatives
I,IД IFA- And Other Coiijunctions Specifying ^^Infinitives лw*—* 1 <
1 4 1 :r5:r I НС S-Г 0	%	* * * *, * » * * 4 * » t *' * *'
L.I..A .Be certoM teftW АешжМ dbtokM й»^И?Л .
Questions, Answers- And Responses ...,. - *«........«J 4
1,1,7, .Wow, wAm >Лед. wAer< иЛоЛйв«1 Sentence Completion ,^,.*.^,.*«^.,..«.45
I«1 J-« Wierter And Other Coryunetions In Stateinents ,,,,,,,-.,,J 5
1,1,1: Жж wte| wAm w.tere wteAite»; Sentence Completion	5
1,1,10, Practicing Prepositions And Co^unctions ,,	? ....	,, J 6
i. v/i. \ Ж	} I	<x % */ n * % ь * */ К % -4 ъ */ * 4- я-Ч *, к *, «У* * ’* '* * '•* " " '* '*	:*' л> '* '* " * ' '*'" ' * *' * * * * * * "
1.1.12.	The Infinitive Clause “Не Is (Lin)Sure To Do”, “He Is (Un)Certain
4 '4. К r4 к 4( 4
% '4,- 4, 4/ if.-». 4. v, 4 ». '4.- -4. -it. 4. & 4 *4 4. -'4 4t- 4 4t- 4 * » " » & * %	* *	4. 4.- 4.
» 4t. » .'4. -4. .'4. 4 '4 4 i 4 4 '4. 4. 4! » » -X % 4. » '» Ъ «
16
1T .13. The 1йеа Of ^Un^Certain^z Ftephtastn^	17
5
* * й »• * ж- ж г * * * « * * * *' « * * *' * м- * '* * * % * * * * * * * * %	% Ж *' Л * Л * '"	*
-х. k- * '* * *	? * * * * '* * *' '* * ?	* Ж '* *	* * '« *'* *' * 4 * '* * * % 4 ** • -А * а
I AeJ *	%-i	******** ь***Ъ**-*Ъ**Ч**%**-»Ч****»***-** *.*******%*****. *Ъ-**4* *<.
1.3.6,	Mary Flemming. .Is A Woman Who Is: People And Their Characters___________________________30
1.3.7>	'People And Their Characters; Practice ,,,,,.„__________.30
1,3,8.	Give Better Descripti ons; Practici ng Synonyms	30
1.3.9.	People And Their Characters: More Practice ...................................31
I A. Tb-InfmMves After Adjectives And Nouns. In terms of with regard to,
from the point of vim t'...............
z :й- -ж ее- ж » ж, „> ж :» /,. *. *. », Ъ .'«, л- * * % % "< '" %. 4 » '* ъ '*. и хл. * .%, и
** *
31
1 А. I. To-Infinitives After A djectives: Examples	—...31
1.4.2.	Го-Infinit jves After Adject Ives: Practice ,„______________________________31
1,4.3.	Questions And Answers .................... .......
1.	»4 «4* SttUHt-IO ft Й4 Ocb&t 1 i1g » « ««:»«»• 3i »*»*« 4 M M I 0*1* ' * * * H »*» -'«-« fc »»:»	i, »
l A5, ж difficult to understand him J He is dtfflcuh to wdemand^
1.4.6, B-Infiniii ws After Nouns: Examp les «* * и<... .-..»34
t A7; В Jnflnitwes After Nouns: Practice	м	.* -34
IA A. In terms of* with regard to, from the point tfidew. Practice Through
* 4 '.
U. “Ле problem is (how) f о do It.Revision м o м м м о о - <..	. о,»- о J5
1J,1 ATheproblem is (how) to.*,A Revising.The-Pattern
1.52,	AThe problem is (how) to,. At Practice	*»35
1,53.	Problems, Questions, Alternatives: Discussion ,**.»,.<<o«36
I A A, Dialogue Practice
», к :* fi *. Ik */ Ъ b '* ъ *, % *, p '». * '/*, », *, Ъ »/ ЧЬЯ * V *. /,.
*. * '4- * * Ъ * * * « ж « А. 4 ъ », % *
1.6.	Atociais: I^ttvision And f iifthcr O^v^iopmcnt.	.., ..................л.
1.6.1. Due (Tofr. Revision
f ij e »• « :j. * О « * >« M' » * « «« fs 'M « * * « < « « » я * О 4 < « « ?• 4
1,6,2, Due (T<з): Practice...
1. ,6 ,3, Other Meanings Of Due
f. ъ % ъ К. ъ ». ? *, » к. * :' ъ 4- */ Ik 7,, •* ж » 7Л ». fr &	4 % ъ *, Ilk х, -I: Ъ %. Ъ х, 4. •?.
ж л * А 'х. л » 4. *, * >	* * Я*.-*,* -i-	'4 Ъ к * *, % V * * * V '» »	%	*'
я «. ъ ъ * V. » К Ъ '7. I- *, * -ж Ж ЦЕ- :« «> -«
1.6.4. Де (Tof Revision
'k. 7,:	ж * -X, '». К 7, *, * -4 *' Ъ ъ '*  *' * ъ *. *7- %	* % '* Ъ V * *' * *7 V *	* >7 * Ъ К * » «
4 * Ф
Е?
1 „6.5..fc(W:. Practice .....
1.6.6. Ought (То)* Revision
1,6,7. Ought (To)i Practice
х.
У7
:J=
39

4
1.7,	Conjunctions And Prepositions. Questions And Answers, Reading
Comprehension	—
1,7.1.	Conjunctions And Prepositions: Revision .................. .40
1,7.2.	Conjunctions And Prepositions: Practice	....,41
1.7,3,	Reading. Comprehension: Ггя pos it ivefy-sure this hotel is no good.
I assure you	Jane Parker's academic record is superior. Sorry, Гт due to leave
ilia muiitie...
Ф « »/ %} % »/. &. ъ V », у -A-
V, V. * % ъ ъ n ъ к * % * -H.	* *,	*: * * Ъ К* * *	* *. ъ % Ьъ ъъ *, W	Ч- Ъ % Ч'Ч * ? * Ч :% % % % Ъ. * * :х ?•
L7A J/и^сцж, »ewn шт&шег,	seldom, rarefy. already, just
Questions And Answers.,*._
* d v.- 4. «. d. '». o. % ъ *.
...42
>, £•	Ч.- %, 4 '*  4 ч *. d. # ч
* i
1.8.	The Possessive», Objectives And Reflexives. The For-Phrase-------------,.43
1.8.1.	Possessive Pronouns (Possessiv»):Presentation	..43
1.8.2,	Possessive Pronouns (Possessives); Practice ...___________................._______...43
1,8,3.	Objective Prono uns (Obj ectives): Presentation	____.44
1.8.4	Objective Pronouns (Objectives): Practice ....................,.........,„.,,,.44
1.8,5.	The .ftr-Infi.nitive Clause (The /w-Phrase): Presentation ......................... 44
i.8.6.	TheFbr-Infinitive Clause (TheFor-Phrase): Practice ...л...................44
1.8.7,. Reflexive Pronouns (Reflexives):l’resentotion ..............................,,, ,45
1.8.8.	Reflexive Pronouns (Reflexives); Practice ....................................46
1.8.9.	Reflexive Pronouns: Peculiarities	..........................,46
1.8.10.	Possess: ves, Objectives, .Reflexives; Practice .	,.........,. .46
1.9. Common Errors: Peculiarities Of Both
*	» '* * * * * M- » r" к*-*, %	К*.*.*,*.
47
1.9.1. Peculiarities Of Both: Presentation .....................................       .47
1.9.2, Peculiarities. Of Both: Error Specification And Correction  .........  ...,.,....48
1.10. Wordlist
x у. Ъ 4 4 ». Ч Ч Ъ * */. я. *! & :% V, *. % ъ %.	 ?, ж	*, .%, ir,	»/ *. ». » ».	/„ *,	*, «.
* * * * » * ? t-
SECTION 2:
« «	.« ж x 4 x, * ?	4 hs jf. »	% * * * ъ. *,	* * Ч * * * * '* * * Ъ ъ к «. ъ *. ь. * Ц »	». ж ж	ф. ж
GRAMMAR: The Imperatives. iet-Patterns. The Personal And Objective
Pronouns, The Future Simple Tense. Shall As A Modal. Be In The Past 'Tense.
Core Modals can, could, may, might must, should And MultbWord Models (be
able to, etc.), Interrogative Patterns: Echo-Question, Yes/No Questions. Negative
Questions, IW-Quesiions, ff:or WHBTHET, Sentences With There. "
ГРАММАТИКА: Формы повелительного наиоиения. Структуры со
словом let Личные м объектные местоимения. Простое будущее время.
Модальный глагол shall. Глагол be в прошедшем времени.
Ядерные и составные медальные глаголы:: can, could, may, might, must,
should и he able to и др. Вопросительные структуры: вопросы как формы
реагирования, общие, отрицательные и специальные вопросы. Союзы IF и
Ш1ЕТНЕИ. Предложения, начинающиеся с there.	:
DISCUSSION ISSUES: Сая you do everything correctly all the time?
Occasional Difficulties We Have Learning And Doing. It is Simply д Matter Of
й
Time (Money). Your Project Will Be Very Valuable To Us. I’ll Leave No Stone
Unturned ... Education And Career Expectations (Prospects). What Is
Establishment? Something About The USA: New York, Manhattan. Who Is In
Charge Of Scheduling Lectures (Gregarious Events)? Who Is Your Adviser?
•’Power Struggle”: Goals And Means. You Are Something New In This World,..
The University Library. Your Fixed Views About A Business. Official
Ceremonies Are Always Alike. The High Technology Area: What Is Typical Of
It? Something About The Future.
ВОПРОСЫ ДЛЯ ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ: Вы можете делать всегда все правильно?
Отдельные трудности в изучении предмета. Это всего лишь вопрос времени
(денег). Ваш проект является очень денным для нас. Я сделаю все
возможное ... Образование и профессиональные перспективы. Что такое
истеблишмент? Немного о США: Нью-Йорк, Манхеттен. Кто руководит
составлением расписания (общественными мероприятиями)? Кто ваш
научный руководитель? Борьба за власть: цели и средства. Вы уникальны
Университетская библиотека. Ваши твердые убеждения относительно
организации дела. Официальные церемонии. Район высоких технологий; чт<?
ему свойственно? Кое-что о будущем
2.1.	The Imperatives
2,14.	Imperatives; Presentation ...........
2.1.2.	Imperatives: Practice
2.1.3.	Imperatives: Practice____.........
2.1.4.	Negative Imperatives: Presentation
2.1.5.	Negative Imperatives: Practice .....
2.1,6.	Negative Imperatives: 'Practice ,....
2.1.7.	Informal Imperatives: Presentation
2.1.8.	Informal Imperatives: Practice —
2.1,9.	Imperatives; Practicing Dialogues .
60
.60
.60
.60
61
61
61
.61
62
4 ж- %
*
я -
*
% *
*

*


%

*
2.2,	Personal And Objective Pronouns: Revision......................„„,,.,.,..,.....,.,.62
*
2	J, I, .Personal And Objective Pronouns: Exemples .*#. * * *. *„ .*,»♦**♦« „Ж
2,2X Reading Comprehension: Doyw low wtefter *7 ’ w W* > owf A
Quick. Review Of Personal And Objective Pronouns
2JX Personal And Objecti ve Pronouns: Practice
2J2A Personal And Objective Pronouns: Story Making
64

%.
2 J, ZM-PMCems
_._64
»	*, «. "	*. Л 7 * К .V.
2.3.2,	£<*Patternr More Complicated Examples
2.3.3.	Art-Patterns: Negative Statements: Examples ...................  ,,.,,.......,.65
2,3.4.. Positive Aer-Patterns: Responses ............................................ .65
2,3.5.	Negative Art-Patterns: Responses ............________,,. .66
2.4, The Future Simple Tense
66
4 \ * i * ;x F ¥ A ¥
* -7 4 T 6- *• A
2.4,i,	The Future Simple Tense: Presentation ..................................... .66
2-4.2. The Future Simple Tense: Practice	67
2.4.3.	The Future Simple Tense: Dialogue Practice ........   ,.............,.., .68
2.4.4,	TheFUture Simple Tense: Dialogoe Prattice   ...........................   .69
2.5. Meanings Shall
4c Ж 4- f * * X- | ' M jj. -й Й * -i.	> ж * 4K % fc. $ Л.	* % K, '{( Ъ ж /л x. -f, Л у A
z. a. a. у 4 y. * ». - 4	x x x <• k-
2 J. 1,. Shall: Examples
». ж rd- "/ -S- & -4 a. '/. Й Ik .*	'/ /,. tv. x 4 4	a a. * 7.	», >,,	-4 4 4 4 % x ?/z .4. a 4.
2 J2. Shall: Dialogue Practice
X A- .k- -4 * 4 A.- 4 ». К Ik- *.	4 ft. "/У AC. /7. ¥7. i.- 4 A it- A »- AC. A 4- A
4.
¥ * '/. -7. ¥7. '77.. .f,. ¥7. A
70
4
*4 4 'A ?	4 * 4 4 a » » *
2.6.	The 'Verb Be In The Past Tense ________________________...........
2.6.1.	The Verb 5г fa The PastTen.se: Revision ......................................70
2.6.2,	The Verb Be In The Past Tense: Questions And Answers ..,,,.,..,,.„,..,70
2.6.3.	The Verb Be In The Past Теме- Dialogue Practice ........................... ,71
2,6,4,	Read: ng Comprehension: James Loratt was........................................71
2.6,5.	Supposedly, immensely, property, inexplicably, probably. Vocabulary
i -I	j CC/: x- a. A. -4 4. ъ '¥ */ 4 *7 :'7. a * «. ж '4 * 4 у У: 4 'г- 4 'г 4 4- 4 47 -А 4- a 4t -'А % ¥7. 4 4 4 ч -Ъ л- »/ -4 », 4 .9 * 4- 4 у а ,у Ул * *
2.6.6.	Superior, envious, enviable, wealthy, gigantie, expensive, incorrigible,
condescending: Vocabu I ary Practice ............ —..........,,. —........
2.6.7.	Sole, solely, whole, wholly, wholly and solely:
Vocabulary Practice
73
2.6.8.	Enterprixefs), stuff, record, expectationCs), faculty, establishment, (the)
Establishment, scholar, property: Vocabulary Practice .................  74
•i? f^-4 '/Vf' a '*%	i	* * * A '4. -4 '7. 47 '4 я <* 4 *. a- 4 4 У a t at- % -4- » * « * 4 ft * ft * * ft * $ * * ♦ * « d- % V V 4 '« 4. % a 4- * * a. * 4t %
2.6.10.Story Making
:a -a 4. w. -:a ». At. 47 '4 A. 47 A- '«. a ai- a. a
4 a */ У »/. * 4c rA 4' K 4- % */ 4. a -:a ч ¥< ¥. a. » a » a. a, 4 v Ъ '4	4 4 a 4- a. p 4. a 4. 4 :<7 4 .9
74
2.7.	: The Medals be аЫе/ипаЫе to do, be allowedtpermitted to A), be
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2.7,3. Medals: Rephrasing
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2-11 .^.Reading Comprehension: The high technology area....................... .98
2.1140. There-Sentences: Story Making .............................99
241.11.	Ttem-Sentences: Story Making ......— ....................99
2.11.12.	Reading Comprehension: Some vague ideas about thefutars__.99
Wordlist
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Sections. Achievement Tests And Additional Assignments . .......110
3.1. Listening Comprehension _________________________________..,110
3.1.1. Listening Comprehension Test: Answer List.....................................HO
3.1.2. Listening Comprehension Test: Answer List ...................................,„110
3.13. Listening Comprehension Test: Answer List.................................,111
3,1.4. Listening Comprehension Test: Answer List................................111
3.1.5. Listening Comprehension Test; Answer List.....................................412
3 1.6. Listening Comprehension Test: Answer List............................... 413
3.2, Reading Comprehension .
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3.2.1.	Reading Comprehension Test
3.2.2.	Reading Comprehension Test.
3.2,3.	Reading Comprehension Test
3.2.4.	Reading Comprehension Test
3.2.5.	Reading Comprehension Test
3.2.6.	Reading Comprehension Test
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3.3.5.	Achievement Test
3.3,6.	Achievement Test
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For Teachers
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12
SECTION I
1.1. What is a to-infinitfve?
It is hoped that you can easily recognize some English infinitives and their
combinations with other words.
1.1,1. The most familiar infinitives m simple to4nfinitive$. Study and repeat
the following phrases several times. If the words arc not familiar, learn them.
Problems.... Dilemmas ... Alternatives....
To be or not to be .., (Shakespeare)
To go out or to stay at home?
To phone or to send a fax,?
Ta telephone or to fax?
To keep the appointment or io cancel it?
To wait or to come again later?
To wait or to leave right now?
To approve or to disapprove of it?
To do research or to do business?
To check or to take for granted?
To accept or to refuse?
To do homework assignments or to have fun?
1.1.2, Respond to the following situations using the phrases of 1,1.1.
Pattern:
Y ou say:
A new job.
A new job ... To accept or to refuse?
1, Some new information. 2. You are a graduate, 3. Your friend b late.
4. The Secretary is not in. 5. Today’s appointment. 6. A communication
problem. 7. Saturday’s night. 8. A new idea.
1.13. Outline your own problems (dilemmas, alternatives, ideas) using some
of the infinitive phrases of 1.1.1.
Pattern: My problem? To accept or to refuse, I think.
or	My current alternative? It’s to approve or to disapprove of the new
project, certainly. .
13
My dilemma? It’s certainly to check or to take for granted
Study the pattern and make similar sentences.

t % W.
"ул- .7/. m
be careful
John is unsure of it,
be doubtful
1ЛХ Study the following patterns:
g. We are sure ... to mike a business plan for our project.
9. Are you sure ... to take this for granted?
1.1.10. Use proper prepositions and conjunctions:
:**
J:
I.	We are almost certain .., tt.
2.	Are you sure ... the result?
3.	They are careful... whom to deal with.
4.	Fred isn’t sure ... to take the information for granted.
5.	I’m unsure... to refuse.
6.	My friends are still undecided . .. to go out tonight.
7.	The boss isn’t sure ... to assign Martin to the project.
8.	You are particular:,... business projects.
1	.1.11.“On the contrary*...Complete The Sentences Building Up The
Opposite Idea.
1	.You are sure what to do. On the contrary, T... .
2	. - His idea is right.
- On the contrary, it is ....
3	.Your choice is to work tonight. On the contrary, mine is . . . .
4,- Your boss is sure to approve of your idea.
- On the contrary., he is certain ... of it.
5.. If you are busy, cancel the appointment.
- On the contrary, 1 am sure... it.
1.1,12. Learn the following pattern:
Tom is sure to come in time.
Who is sure? Is it Tom? No. The speaker is sure that Tom will come in time,
More Examples:
You are sure to like this film.
The project is not good. Il is sure to fail,
Il is sure to rain.
Margy is certain to take everything for granted.
Robert is so talented! "He is certain to do research after he graduates.
16
The project isn’t sure to succeed,
They aren’t certain to do the assignmmt in time.
1,1,13. Rephrase:
Pattern:
We are sure John is a nice boy.
You say: John is sure to be a nice boy..
We aren’t sure the idea is good.
The idea isn ’t Sure to be good.
I’m certain that you approve of bright ideas.
We know you are busy.
I'm sure you are careful about everything.
I’m sure you are careful not to say anything wrong.
We are certain that you are doubtful about the project.
We are not sure Tom is always careful not to say anything wrong,
I’m uncertain whether Fred is very particular about his preyed.
I'm not sure that my friend is on a new project now.
1,1,14, Complete the following sentences using correct forms of bet
I,	Jade... almost certain of it.
2.	We ,... not quite sure of it.
3,	She... undecided how to refuse.
4.	We ... uncertain about what to do.
5,	I... always careful about whom to deal with.
6.	- Your project... sure to succeed.
- To succeed? On the contrary, it... certain to fail I
7. They ... undecided how to cancel the appointment,
8, The result... too doubtful to be sure of it.
9. The weather...
not very good today. It
sure to rain.
10.	My friends ... sure to do all the assignments.
I1.	Robert and I... undecided whether to work or to have fun tonight.
1.1.15. Answer.
1.	Are you sure whether to go out tonight?
2,	Are you sure where to go?
3.	If the film is very popular are you sure to like it too?
4.	Are you always careful about everything?
5.	Are you always careful not to say anything, wrong?
6.	Are you a good student? Are you certain to do all assignments in time?
7.	Are you always certain how to refuse?
1.1.16.	Respond aceordtag to the pattern:
Pattern: Today you have an ap
punctual.
intment with Mr. В He is always very
You say: He is sure to .keep the appointment.
Today you have an appointment with Mr. C. You are not sure to keep it
teause you are too busy.
You say: 1 am undecided whether to keep my appointment or to cancel it.
Your friend is always very particular about .all his projects.
'Yoe say: He is always careful about what to deal with.
You are not sure whether the new project is good.
You says I am doubtful about the new project.
I am .doubtful whether it is good.
I.	You think the new research project is not adequate.
2.	You do not want to keep your today's appointment, but you aren't sure
whether it is adequate.
3.	The sky is gray and the sun is not shining,
4.	The film is already very popular. Your friend is going to see it tonight.
5.	You are very particular about your business partners .
6.	You do not like your friend’s idea.
7.	You are uncertain about a new business project and don't want to make a
business plan for it.
8.	The directors of the company want to assign a new expert to the project,
but no decision is made yet.
Lt.17. Make a story entitled “|’m A Lucky Person'*.
18
Say something like
I’m a lucky person because I’m sure of my future. I am certain to succeed
because I am always careful who and what to deal with. I’m very particular about
my projects and my business partners. So, Гт. always careful not to do or say
anything wrong. Гт not a naive person. Гт not sure to take things for granted. I
always check everything carefully. Sometimes I’m not sure whether the deal is
adequate. Then I’m sure to disapprove of it even if my boss, on the contrary, is
certain to approve. It is nice to be sure about what to do. Then you are certain not
to fail too often. Гт always lucky. Well, almost always. That’s why 1 am happy.
1.2. Learn Medals And Infinitive Clauses:
1.2.1. Memorize the following single-and multi-word modal verbs. Mind that
some of them refer specifically to time:
be going to (do>
We are going to approve of the idea.
Frank is going to leave tomorrow.
The project is going to succeed.
It is going to rain.
(the future)
be about to (do)
They arc about to leave.
John is about to accept a new job,
I am about to succeed.
(the future)
be able to (do)
You arc able to make your decision.
I am able to understand.
He is able to refuse.
(possibility)
be liable to (do)
I am liable to refuse.
We are liable to assign a new man to
the project.
Tom is liable to take everything for
granted.
(possibility)
be clue to (do)
You are due to tap today’s
appointment.
We are due to be careful about
what to deal with.
1 am due to analyze the facts.
(obligation)
be to (do)
We ar© to be particular about
certain things.
You are to come to work at 9.
If you aren’t going to keep the
appointment you are to cancel
it.
(obligation)
he allowed to (do)
he permitted to (do)
Students are allowed to work
in the lab.
You are permitted to come later
today.
(permission)
1.2,1. Study more examples:
1.	1 am going to learn all the words of Section 2.
2.	We are going to analyze .some grammar points.
3.	Robert is about to accept a new job.
4,	The Committee is just about to approve of our plan,.
5,	I am due to leave soon.,
6,	If you aren’t sure, you are to refuse.
7.	We are able to succeed.
8,	Jane is liable to take everything for granted.
9.	Good students arc allowed to take their exams ahead of schedule,
1.2.3. Rephrase the italicBcd words:
My friend is going to take a new job quite soon.
2.	Is it possible for you to fax this document?
3.	Our business has a tendency to growth
4.	Our good friend is liable to believe everything.
5.	They are not allowed to make personal calls at work.
6.	Robert is sure to do research .after he graduates,
7,	Mary is certain to be careful about such things, f   
8.	You are not allowed to miss classes. On the contrary, it is necessaryfor y ou
to attend them all.
9.	Your duty is to do all assignments in time.
10.	Students arc not permitted to cancel their classes.
1.2.4. Answer:	;
Pattern: - Arc you going to learn all the English words of this lesson?
20
Yes, 1 arm And more. Гт going to learn the агапотаг points, too.
#XXXA<.
:xxxxx.
AAA/.AA.
'г

1.2,6. Practice the following patterns using words of 1.2.5:
- What is a good, researcher like?
He/shc is a good observer.
Не/she is open-minded and demanding.
Ife/sbe is to be open-minded and demanding.
He is able to get things done.
He is to be able to get things done.
Speak about a good researcher, a good student, a good boss, a good teacher
etc.
1.2,7. Answer:
I .What are you like?
2.	What is your friend like?
3.	What are your classmates like?
4.	What is your teacher like?
5.	What is your professor like?
6. What, are your colleagues like?
7,What is your associate like?
1,2,8. Answer:
1	. Are you liable to work with others?
2	.Arc you able to try-things out yourself?
З	.Лге you allo wed to take some time to reflect when you are in class?
4	.Are you liable to watch and listen carefully when you are in class?
S	.Are you a motivated student?
6,Are you liable to depend more on logic than on intuition?
7 What arc you to do when you are about to make a dec ision?
8.W.hat are responsible people liable Io do?
9,Are you liable to have any strong feelings about your learning? (for learning?)
10. What are you to do when in class?
1.2.9. Practice infinitives as adverbtals of purpose;
Pattern: What are tfe- going to do first to learn a new word?
You say: To team a new word, 1 *m going to consider its meaning first.
What are you able to do to make a good decision?
You say: I'm able to consider all sides to make a good decision.
1, What arc yoo able to do to approve of a new method?
2, What are yoo to' do to give a correct answer?
j. What are you due to do to be a good student?
4,	WhM are you to do first to learn successfully?
5.	What are you going to do to succeed In your profession?
6.	What arc you due to do to take your exams ahead of schedule?
7.	What are you going to do first to do well in your profession?
0.10. Insert indefinite articles where necessary.
1.	Jim is . . . reasonable дай practical.
2,	Our teacher Is ... open-minded: but demanding.
3.	My friend is .demanding professional.
4.	Mary is ... responsible girl,
5.	We are ... very practical, studious and careful.
6.	My classmates are ...receptive.
1. They are ... hardworking and sensible guys.
8.	Alex is ... active student,
9.	He is ... conceptual learner.
10.	What.,cute kid Jerry is!
1.2.11.	Practice the following pattern, using the prompts to make some
sentences:
Joe is responsible enough to get things done,
_Mai^ is careful enough to try t hings out herself, .......____.
1)	I, practical, to trust my own intuition,
.2) Mary, active, to be motivated,
3)	Our chief, responsible, to assign a good expert to the project.
4)	The film, popular, to go and see it tonight,
5)	The students, studious, io consider all sides.
6)	My colleague, receptive, to watch and listen carefully.
7)	We, practical, to try things out ourselves.
23
1,2,12.	Practice the following pattern using of the prompts to make some
sentences:
My friend is too careful to say anything wrong,
We are too practical to take everything for jiranted.
. . .	............... ... . . . . ..л. . ...	"A.MiMi.i’.	...................................	..A... . • ........... ......... ......... .^лл.......................^..........^ *x**X "/ AA ’ Л ААААААААААААААААААЛАЛАЛЛА.*ЛЛЛАЛЛЛЛЛЛЛЛ:А^..*
1	j Robert, conceptual, to trust, his intuition.
2)	1, open-minded, to take time to reflea.
3)	Mary, sensitive, to be reserved.
4)	This job, demanding, to do it every day.
5)	My friend, reasonable, to accept this job.
6)	My colleagues, reserved, to approve of this project right away.
7) We, tired, to analyze things
я
1.2.13. Answer making use of too- or enough- Infinitive classes:
Pattern: - Are you going to submit your paper in time?
- Yes, 1 am. l’m responsible enough to complete ft in time.
- Is your boss going to keep today’s appointments?
No, he isn’t He is too busy to keep them, I think he’s going to
cancel all of them.
I,	Is your adviser liable to approve of your paper?
2.	Is your friend I table to trust everybody?
3,	Are you able to watch and listen carefully when you arc in class?
4.	Are you going to do all assignments your teacher gives you?
5.	Are you able to succeed in your field?
6.	' Are you able to get things done?
1 >2.14, Respond:
Pattern: - Are you open-minded?
- I think so, I am reasonable enough to be open-minded.
-	Are you frivolous?
-	No, 1 am. not. I am too serious to be frivolous.
I lere are some descriptions you might леей, in addition to the given above
¥: >
frivolous, careless, lazy, disorganized, undisciplined, closed- minded, ambitious,
selfish, tolerant, success-oriented, femily-oriented, accurate, punctual, forgetful,
hardi-driven, a wretched latecomer, a procrastinator
1,2.15. CSoBsiderinf year own i«arniftg style, you. might say::
My own learning style? Oh, I’m sure to know something about it.
I'm afraid I am not very studious, but I am able to analyze and try things out
myself. When I am permitted to- take some time to reflect, 1 am able to understand
ideas fully. I am undecided which is "best" to do: to trust my intuition or to
depend on logic. That is why I am going to do both. Because I am not very*
hardworking, I am liable to watch and listen carefully when I am in class. That is,
1 am going to- spend less time on. my homework assignments. For the same reason
(because I'm not very hardworking), I am not liable to have any strong feelings
about my learning. But 1 am responsible enough to
all assignments. Maybe I
am not a very good learner. But my teacher is to be a good persuader. This is to be
a must! Otherwise I’m. not going to learn at all!
1.2. Ш Make your own story -abort some of year personal: characteristics an ti
your learning style. Mate good use of the patterns and the vocabulary of 1,1
and 1.2.
1,2,17» Learn the patterns:
I am Hable to watch and listen, carefully =
I am likely to watch and. listen carefully.
More examples:
We are likely to approve of the plan now.
Mr. Brown is Hkely to be a good persuader.
Hetty and Jane are likely to get things done.
Now make sentences about what IS LIKELY to be or happen:
1) Students, to be motivated.	T--
2) My friend G eorge, to tty things opt himself.
3)The girls are very friendly. They, to work with others.
4) The expert, to evaluate all the facts.
5) 1, to trust my intuition.
25
More examples:
::
I J, Revises
MW
1,3,1. Oo some revision; say whether someone is likely or unlikely (not likely)
te jo something:
Pattern: A serious man says: "I am practical enough to trust my own
I ntuition .
You say: He is likely to trust his own intuition.
Robert is too conceptual to trust his intuition.
You say: Robert is unlikely to trust his intuition/ ... isn't likely to trust his
intuition.
i. Mary is active enough to be motivated.
2, A first-yew student says: "I am. too open-minded to have time to reflect
3. Our chief is reasonable enough to assign a good expert- to the project
?
4.	The film is popular enough to go and see it tonight. (We ....)
5. Maty is too sensitive to be reserved.
6.	The students are studious enough to consider all sides.
7.	A lazy student says: "This job is too demanding to do it every day.*’
8.	Our friend Is too reasonable to accept that job.
9.	The professor says: "My colleague is receptive enough to watch and
listen.”
10.	'The. professor adds: ”My colleagues are too reserved to approve of the
project right now."
11,	The professor’s colleagues say: "We are practical enough to try things
out ourselves.”
12.	The students in the class say: "We are too tired to analyze things now."
1.3Д. Here is some information about Allan:
Allan is just about to accept a new job. He-is due to give his Anal
answer in a couple of days. So he Is permitted to think over. Allan is
sure to consider all the sides and evaluate all the facts'. The point is that
he is still undecided whether to accept or :to refuse. The job is too
demanding to be good for Allan, because he is not always hardworking.
Now look through (listen to) some statements and specify- those which
are true to the information just' given; use “This is true (to the given
information)”/ “This isn’t quite true”/ “This isn’t true at all”:
V7
m#/ %
1.	Allan is to get a new Job.
2.	Allan is going to get a new job,
3.	Allan is able to give his final answer some day.
4.	He is allowed to think, it over.
5.	He is to give his answer in two days..
6.	Allan is likely to consider all the sides and evaluate all the facts,
7.	Allan is certain to consider all the sides and evaluate all the facts.
8.	He is undecided how to refuse,
'9	. The idea is too doubtful to approve of it immediately.
10.	The job is too demanding for Allan to accept it right away.
1.3.3. "We say "yes" to hope, ”yes*’ to cooperation, "yes” to a builder, not a
blanw."
From the President's Speech
Learn how to make some specific nouns:
to build - builder, to blame - blamer, to take a risk-a risk-taker, to-
observe • observer, to persuade -
procrastinator, to educate - educator, to
persuader,
to procrastinate -
dreamer, to employ - employer, to advise - adviser
research - researcher, to dream -
Mind that some -of these nouns denote professions: to' teach - teacher, to
educate - educator, to work. - worker.
Others show functions or actions: to employ - employer, to advise
adviser, to think - thinker, to observe - observer, to learn - learner.
Many of them emphasize features or characters or just, something the
person in question does (well): to procrastinate - procrastinator, to
persuade - persuader, to dream - dreamer, to complain - complainer.
And, finally, a number of them denote things used for specific
purposes, e.g. instruments, medicines, etc.: to quench - .(thirst)-
quencher, to record - recorder.
Rephrase the following ideas using this kind of nouns.
Pattern: Someone who calls you. - A caller.
28
1ЛЖ Adjectives are toed in close connection. with пои ass
Ask each other questions like these; also make use of the patterns given in
1,2.9, and 1.3,1, for example:
My friend is sure to be accurate in his work.
He fa likely to be responsive.
He is too smart to say anything wrong.
1.3.6.	Study some sketches:
Mary Fleming is a women who fa,. most of the time, optimistic, positive,
cheerful, energetic, joyful and playful with a sense of humor. She is not very
good-looking but she can make- the most of herself.
Jack Fleming is even-tempered, kind, sincere, honest, compassionate,
sensitive to the feelings of others, caring, tolerant,, reliable and giving, with-
good self-esteem,
John Brain-
I would describe my personality as very logical, ambitious, hard-driven,
success-oriented, in -my work ethic. At home I am very faithful, loving,
home and family-oriented, I am very athletic. I ride ay bicycle about 35
kilometers per day on my work days and about 70 on my rest days. I really
love bicycle riding.
This guy Clinton is fine. He is decent,» progressive, smart, thoughtful»
experienced, skilled. These are the characteristics - or most of them - to want in a
president. More boldness would be nice, too, tn the form, of a little less- eagerness-
to please everybody. Bill Clinton is a grand opportunity for the American people
to revive American politics.
From "Daily News ”, Dayton (Ohio)
-	A good researcher is to be tough-njtnded, realistic,
-	A good researcher also ought to be imaginative, flexible.
1.3,7,	Describe the people whose personalities are presented in 13.6, Use
phrases like “ According to the author,“According to John himself,,,.,.**,
“A coord tag to the article,,
i .3.8. Cive a better description using a synonym:
M
Mary ж most of the time,. optimistic and

You say: Mary is, most of the time, optimistic and cheerful.,
1.4.2. Make meaningful sentences using:
ft is pleasant

31
J
Л
*
='
II
It is easy
,Jt is importer!
It is necessary
ft is desirable r-
' It is rewarding
|t is gcwb: .
I nW very ac
. Answer:
to win this honorable title
:”<••• • ::=:- » ,Г .*	:
= ’ . : '
*
'hypocrisy l УЛ- №£
to have som^.gqod ............................
to obtain afcfadant' proof
to be an acute observer
to be sensitive and vulnerable
to be quick and
ures
. to have a strong personality
'Yto be humane (tender, kind, kind-hearted)
to collect the necessary evidence
,.-h=
Ж
Г
f
*
f
I
*
Л
 3
’1.
4

1. What son of proof are you going to obtain, to support yourpet lhepry?
2. What kind of evidence are you able to collect for your coiufe paper?'4 “
Sp What are you to do if you want to use a new concept to your course paper?
?4j What are some characteristics to. want in a colleague (a team-mate)?
5.	What is an obvious lie called? в
6.	What is a person who is not sociable called? a*- I ?'.
7,	What are you liable to get when you are undecided?
8-	How would you describe a colleague of yews who never makes a single
mistake in calculations?
9,	What sort of person is he who is too sensitive to things? ,у ? .?/’? ?:
,/а-Л: ' Л'- - л
?•=
j J .4.4, Think of a situation in which the following responses are possible. Infer
[^he initial utterances using the prompts below.
- What an aloof character!
You say; - Bobby isn’t in the mood to talk again.
- What an aloof character.
s'That’s the 'whole
tot
- Good advice! Thank you.
• Yes, ,,h&U.goad at arithmetic.
м ".
i- to к Ъ* * * to * * * * ъ * * ** * * * *
„ •> ж- », ь to "Л ъ ъ to « » *, ч » * '* * * to to *' * *'*
г. .% f- " ' 	
. What good is this information for me?
4 v у. x * X- И » * to '* * * * * '* * '* '* * A' * * * * *'	* *'
, .x: .« to i *.*** * * * ** * * * * * ***« * * * * **
Yes-,stteha mess? •
X jf. ж * * * И * * * '* *• «• * *: *• * * * *	* * '* * to *
. It’s-HilLmoie^impetiiaLto. be .humane.
.*. * x to. to to t % % * Ъ * '* '*- '* * * '* * * * *' * *' * * *
- I agree* It*s an obvtoos lie.
.» % y, «. * >!• b '*' !fc *, * 7, Ъ Ъ Ъ «: % * * 7 *. *	'* Ъ
- Wh«3-l8nit4u>bv4ous?
f, K * к* * * to ъ к to * to * * to 4 % «*»**»** to *
. I’hat^s4fe-e«ttanoi!'abfciitfc.
You ought to be flexible.

К
Slam really compassionate towards other people.*.; .feelteJ
j„ Interesting, but not refcvanyo thg isjBeaMakfc.j лх>.<<.,£ t ..... b
i What is a Nobel ist?	.. '	
ylb say that, you are to' collect the necessary evidence.	r :,""t
Our laboratory assistant is quick and accurate at figures.
Complete chaos!
t Actually, we ought to obtain abundant proof of it to be convincing.
I She is so eager to please everybody,
t It’s necessary to be tough-minded.
I, Blatant hypocrisy!
Convert
"It is difficult to understand him"
into "He is difficult to
understand".
I,	It is quite easy to collect this sort of evidence.
2.	It is difficult to acquire an active lifestyle,
3.	It is impossible to translate some words.
4.	It's not very difficult to establish a new point of reference.
5.	It is difficult to explain some grammatical rules.
6.	It’s pleasant to deal with him.
33
14Ж Study some »or® exam pits in which B-tafloirives сои.® after nouns aj|
moclify them:
-	Don't be long about ft! I have got a job to go back to,
*	No one is in the mood to laugh.
•	We have no reason (no wish) to linger.
-	There is во place to read in peace!
-	This ts just • trick to win popular affection;
. . • I.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.	'*	• • • •
. .......... ..••••••• •• • • * ...
Л-T h,:
MS r.
xM j-i
UJ, Match ttp parts to «шке setiteiwes
Uncle Basil is
There is no- place
This is no reason. w .
.	. .-j :==:
• ' •zM.’::;:-:-’
И '' :	Л
/АШ to- establish s *............................................\ ..............
I. have no wish
This is just
: gH,-;:Lt ‘M. '' ":<to..
»trit''6f reference
_. .
A new
Ali active lifestyle is
i * *
ric к to win popular affect ion
to alike experiments
Co cancel the appointment
the only member of the fami ly
work hard today ,  nW5
rd to acquire	..
It is a great honor 
This is nothing butc^
Big cars are :
*** ИИ||М _•••  • УГ
to refuse :
ежрегвЬе to drive
x, practical towear
ij.
&
Practise through rephrnsfags ..
.M / f Й /J /AF	Л f- A : ::‘ V " . • -ii:
e s 'jn1'’-"........ "	..
irf terms of ~ with regard to =
VM!:.
.: • : : 
 • : ••••
T=
.T:
*Г::::Г ’	Г / <R :i
from the point bfvfew



F
e< The project isn’t, going to be important to the bostoess, but is
relevant.
You say: The project, isn’t, important ж terns of the business but it is relevant-
wM r^g&rd to its theoretical value..
< t	W. T >'Л :	'
I. In the light of the information we have the project is doubtful.
2. The idea seems to be quite adequate if you depend on 1сда,	 
34
i We are able to explain certain things intuitiv^ t-^tL ".r - n........
I’ you are to evaluate your future jaafcsi® ccwr/dering-iis job opportunities. /}
!' Are you able to evaluate уои<йтюи-жайл^ abilities? '?*«• ! T:  ^‘3?
E( This is nothing but guesswort Wears to discuss the matter referritig to proof.
/ :
'...
Make up a story using words and patterns of 1.4.
||| ,5, Revise And Practice Longer Utterances.
11.5.1. Wemi and make similar sentences:
The problem is to analyze or to try things out yourself
The question is to make experiments or to trust your own intuition.
The alternative is to win or to lose.
The alternatives are to gain or to lose,
AH we can do is to inform, our colleagues about the incident right sway.
Our purpose (aim, goal) is to obtain new evidence,
What is in store for me in the near future is somewhat, confusing.
НОТЕ. We may also say:
The question is how to establish a new point of reference.
Tire problem is what is relevant or adequate.
. The alternatives are whether to be reserved or to be a risk-taker.
: • • •
:   %
.  .
IS2 /.Mata- similar s«t» res using
 ' Aow, wfcr< wAm wta, wAfcAwAom, Aow Img. whether
 and the- words below
e<. The- problem is how to consider all sides.
The question is whether to taptement the project now.
УСА/ ‘
to undertake/take up research,'» employ a new laboratory' assistant, to
attend all the classes or to miss some of them, to dcgJ famil iarj^agfe,
ideas or to establish a new point 6f reference, to implcmerif’a rfctfWefirtfi
project.,, which project to approve of, to consider all sides and evaluate ail
facts, to be easy-going, to be hard-driven, to consider feds carefully or to
Л 'ЛлА. T   ...A
35
take them, for granted, to trust intuition or to depend on logic, to assign to f
new project, to work, to have firn tonight
1,5.3. Say something about your own problems, questions, alternatives,
using the patterns of 1.5.1 - 1.5,2,
1.5.4. Practice Dialogues.
I. . Are you going to do anything special next week?
- Well, yes. I’m going to complete my research project. My purpose is to
submit it ahead of schedule.
- What exactly are you going to do to achieve it?
• Tо keep long hours, certainly.
Modifications: to do all the assignments in time
to please my teacher
to cram al l night
to consider all the sides of my big problem
to make the right decision
to take some time to reflect
II, - What arc you going to achieve in the near future?
- What is in store for me in the near future is somewhat confusing.
Actually, my goal is to find a rewarding job,
- What arc you going to do to achieve it?
- To become a demand i ng professional, certa inly.
Modifications: to enjoy popular affection
to win this honorable title
to undertake a big research project
111. - You are about to implement a new scientific project, aren’t you?
- That’s right. To be more exact, I’m going to try my evidence out.
- To try your evidence out?
- Exactly, That’s my aim.
Modifications: to assign Ben to our new project
to employ him as a laboratory assistant
to establish some new points of reference in your paper
to make a better use of familiar basic ideas
। ,6. practice Modals And Son»® Other Important Expressions:
1ЛД. Revise rfae (to):
be doe (to) - arrangements for the future made in advance;
something expected or supposed (to happen, to arrive), obligation
I'm due to"leave at 4.	(1.)
We are due to decide by next Monday. (2)
The train i s due at 10.	(3)
Mr. Brown is due at 3 this afternoon,. (4)
John is due for an increase in pay soon. (5)
Mind that it is sometimes possible to omit the infinitive after due. We may omit
the infinitive, for example, when we talk about somebody’s arrival or about some
event that is sure to occur (3) - (5).
1.6.1, Make sentences «stag be due (to)’,
1)	The next train to Loncion/at 4 o'clock.
2)	The bilPtoday.
3)	he/win this honorable title
4)	our team/complete the project soon
5)	I’m afraid Weave now. I’ve got a deadline.
1.6.3. Learn and practice other meanings. of be Ле to, due to and Ли
1.	Be due to is not always a modal It also means
(be the result ofi - являться результатом, быть обуеяоеяеииым
*
Your achievements are usually doe to the effort you take.
This new point of reference in the article is due to the necessity to explain things
better.
' (Ae caused (by) - вызванным
Our wish to talk is due to our interest in the project.
37
2.	Due to also means owing to,. Ьееаиж pfi
Due to the new evidence we are able to make the right decision.
.fo	1 '¥’ M
3.	Dee is an adjective meaning proper, correct or suitable. It is usually used
formal ly
You are to do it with due care and attention.
We must give credit when it is due
More examples:
e.g. His success is entirety doe to hard work.
Our increase in profits is due in part to our innovative market strategy.
cf. Due to our business strategy we are likely to increase profits.
Due to his 'hart work he is likely to win this honorable title.
I.	) bjjsines^ luccess/be/usuilly/^ue to/adequgte business planning
2)	due to/adequate business ^anning/it/be/possible/to succeed
3)	good health/be/largely/clue to/an active lifestyle
4)	due to/the necessary evidence/we/be able/io evaluate the facts
5)	Ben’s success/W due to/his popular affection
6)	due to/the new point of rtference/h/be/easy/ to anderstand/the problem
7)	this grand opportunity,foe/entirely/due to/your honorable title
8)	we/ought/drive/with /due/ care and attention
1.6.4. Revise be tot
be to - orders, rules, arrangements for the future, obligation
Students are to attend all classes to complete the course.
Visitors are to leave the office building at 5.
You are not to smoke here.
We are to meet in a week.
1.6.5. Make sentences using be lot
38

1.	Mr. Brown is going to give a press conference this afternoon.
(he/at3)
2,	Students are responsible for all assignments,
(they/do/all assignments in time)
3.	Jade is not always particular shout his appointments,
(he/keep his appointments^ he/not/cancel them too often)
(her babyftiexl month)
5.	Why believe everything?
(you/notftake everything for granted)
6.	- All business, no small talk. Such is life!
- (you/have fim/metimes)
7.	The idea is really good.
(we/approve of it)
John is always good at getting things done.
(he/be/smart and skillful)
1.7. Practice ’’Small Words’*.
1,7.1. Practice conjunctions and prepositions;
I am not sure whether to go.
We are not sure about the way, so we ought to ask someone.
You ought to be more careful about your money.
He says he is able to do й, but I’m doubtful about it.
He’s very uncertain^ to whether it’s the right job for him.
They are responsible for the project
sere of/about
unsure of/about/wbefter
not sure of/aboee/whether
ea refill about/with
doubtful about/as to whether
pwaAed about/over/as to whether
certain about

uncertain about
undecided about/(as to) whether
good at
adequate to
responsible for
40
•t 7 2- Complete the sentences using propositions and/or conjunctions;
й...J
is undecided ... to accept or to refuse,
the experiment.
new research program.
STestayjsjt, new points of reference in my lecture,
i he says.
icct?
ijjthis is adequate,
eFSccess.
1.	Allan is uncertain
2.	I’m really puzzled 4.
3,	Our chief is douf$ryl
4,1 am not sure
5. John is not always carefill
6..	Who is responsible fy
7„ We are dou
8,	Jane is sure
9.	Jill is certainly not adequate this job.
10.	She is not very acquisitive neyr ideas.
11.	Are you always particular
12.	John is a brilliant student. He is g
13.	The idea is good, but not relevant
ubjectof your research?
(jod Й?а11 the subjects.
'It/the issue at stake, I'm afraid.
i,73.	}Re»d the plots and answer the questions. Reproduce the texts. Make
the most of your language skills and ability to act.
I'm going to tell you something. I'm positively sure this hotel is no
good. That’s why the best thing for me to do trow is to get a shower,
dress, pack my suitcases, and And a new hotel before my first business
appointment of the day.
What is the speaker going to do?
2.	I assure you these two men are pretty obviously professional muscle.
You know this type. Tall, big hands, big arms. You could break ax
handles across their necks, and they'd think it is just a sudden breeze.
What are the men in question likely to do?
(guards, security guards, bodyguards)
3.	Jane Parker’s academic record is superior, just superior. She is an
undergraduate, but she’s already an authority in the field of social
science.
What is Jane certain to do when she graduates?
41
4	Sorry, Гт due to leave in a minute. My math class is to start in half зц
tour. That’s where I need to work the hardest, you know.
Is the speaker likely to be good at math?
5.	Look, Sheila, if the book you need is not here, go anti find it in th||
stockroom.
What is Sheila allowed to do?
Mind:, a stockroom ~ a store p
t 1.74. Answer the questleM Ming the words specified below:
if I w
always, never, ever, sometimes - from time to time, occasionally, seldom
rarely, already, just
Example; Are you always doubtful about new things?
Answer I : Yes, 1 think I am, Not always, certainly, but sometimes,
Answer 2: No, never. I'm always certain about what to do,
Answer 3: Doubtful? Oh, 'Гт just puzzled about the question,,,- ¥?j|
perhaps I am doubtful from time to time.
and so on .
I.	Are you businesslike?
2.	Are you good at getting things done?
3.	Are you adequate to the job you do?
4.	What .sort of person are you?
(careful/carefree, easy-going/hard-driven, optimistic, positive, ev 
tempered/quick-tcmpered, sincere, caring, ambitious, a risk-taker,' Ц
procrastinator etc.: review all the suitable words of Section 1)
5.	Are you success-oriented? Family-oriented? Spiritually-oriented?
6.	Are you liable to leave no stone unturned in your work? (yo|g
research, your business)
to leave no stone unturned = to do everything you ought to
7.	What is your teaming style? Your lifestyle?	:
Are you open-minded? Acquisitive of new ideas?
8.	Are you often in the mood to procrastinate? To linger?
9,	Are you hard (easy) to deal with? Why do you think so?
10.	Are you likely to have all characteristics you want?
What are the characteristics to want in a partner?
In a. friend? In a colleague? In a classmate? In. an. associate? :
42
11,	What ought, you to do to become happier?
;. 12. Are you able to achieve what you want?
'f/ i л.-
0.practice Possessive, Objectives, Ftr-Phrases And Reflexives.
lj.1. Review the possessives pronouns (the possess!ves),
Is Robert likely to come to our office?
Their idea is unlikely to be successful.
What is your opinion of it?
Where are my books, I wonder?
His personality is unusual.
Mind the parallelism:
I am in my own office. You ought to have your own opinion.
He is going to packMs suitcases and leave.
Is she in her room? Every university campus has its rules.
We are sure to do our job. They are able to make their own decision,
MIND the difference between "its" and "it's”. The word "its" is a
pronoun. The word “it’s” is NOT a pronoun. It’s a contraction for the
word ’’it is."
It’s pleasant to deal with Sam.
Evay university campus is to' have its rules.
/. W У
l.S.	t. Choose the proper word:
1)	Business has (its/it’s) laws.
2)	(iB/it's) going to be a cold winter.
3)	These men are certain (theirfthey’re) correct.
4)	The deal ought to stand on (Mit’s) merits.
5)	Jane is going to do (her/таг) best to study well.
6)	Robert is so secretive. What is (their/his) opinion of it, I wonder?
7)	Are you interested in (my/me) opinion?
8)	Mr. Smith and his colleagues are likely to submit (his/theirthere) report.
9)	Mr. Jones is certain of (her/his) grounds,
10)	Our firm is proud of (her/its) record.
11)	Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are on (his/their) way to the meeting.
12)	Mr. Jones, as well as Mr. Smith, is on (hisftheir) way to the meeting.
13)	The committee is in (his/theirfits) meeting room.
43
1.8.3.	Learn the objective pronouns (the objectives). Distinguish between:
I - me he - him she - her we - us /'they ~ them
Note; you - you it - it
.N-. ise/ и certain what job to assign to me,
What good is this information, for us?
-	Some of my friends are going to come to my birthday party .
-	Only some of them?
The film is really good, We’re about to see it.
i 1.8.4. Choose the proper pronoun.
1.	Fred isn’t too particular about (him/his) project.
2.	Diana ought to call, (him/his) right now.
3.	If you aren’t going to keep the appointment, you are to cancel (its/it).
4,	Are you to do (your/you) assignments every day?
5.	Гт eager to help (your/you).
6.	The Dean ought to consider (they/them) for the project.
7.	(I/me) am pleased with the result,
8.	These are the characteristics - or most of (their/them) - to want in a president,
9.	What is in store for (we/us) in the future is confusing.
10.	(our/us) purpose is to implement the project.
11.	Sandra is due to take (his/her) exam. You ought to persuade (she/her) to
complete the course.
1.8	.5. Learn the/oMnflnitive clause (th«/er»phrase):
cf. It is necessary to attend classes.
It is necessary for me to attend classes.
Is it possible to fax this document?
Is it possible for us to fax this document?
It is good to be particular about evidence.
It is good for your colleague to be particular about evidence.
1.8	.6. Make the foltowing statements йоге specific «sing /or-phrases.

MIN'D; a reflexive preceded by "%»•' means ыalone"*.
It’s no good to do your homework assignments together. You ought to stadf
by yourself,
No one is with Pat now. She is by herself.
Is he liable to start' a new project by himself?
MIND: the phrase n a ll by oneself' means "without assistance" *,
Are you able to evaluate the facts all by yourself?
1.8.8.	Rephrase 'using reflexives:
Pattern: I am atone..I am by myself
We are going to do it without anyone’s help.
We are going to do it ourselves. Or
We are going to do all by ourselves..
1.	I’m not liable to take anything for granted. Other people aren’t going to
try- things out for me.
2.	If you are doubtful, Ben oughtn’t to evaluate facts for you.
3.	No one is with Chuck at the moment,
4.	Not only your friends are able to entertain themselves. (We,,,.)
5.	No one is going to help me with this research.
6.	We are certain to learn the reflexives without assistance.
". No one is going to wash a cat.
1,8.9. Min*.
Certain verbs which are reflexive in Russian are not used with reflexive pronouns
in English:
This hotel is no good. That’s why the best thing for me to do now is to
shave, wash, dress and try to find a new hotel, (not *shave, wash, dress ntyselfi
You ought to feel strange, (not feel,yourself	•• '
Some other verbs which are not to be used with reflexives; open, concentrate,
sell. hurry. Mind that behave might be used both with a reflexive and without it:
You are to behave (yourself) at a formal dinner party.
1.8.10, Make sentences using personal, objective, possessive or reflexive
pronouns or no pronoun at all.
4ft
. Brenda is going to shop. She wants to get... some new shoes.
t’m going to do it solely for ....
7 * ie John likely to enjoy honorable title?
„ Oh,... really is,
4 _, „ my dear colleagues, are to learn to work together.
c The company owgh* № grow; ... oughtn’t to shrink.
j’ if one is unable to find the information ...., one ought to ask others.
7' How are the exams? Are you about to get through ....?
g This is human nature at... best.
9. My roommates arc about to move out. I’ll stay by ... J
Ш ’{fyou are going to live here, you. are to behave....
11 „ I’m really pttiiled about all that. Are you able to give ...a piece of advice?
12, Obviously, we are able to do everything all by ....
|. 3, 1 magi ne ,.. as a teacher.
14.	Ted is rather reserved. Is he really likely to answer a question that is
personally relevant to ... ?
15,	If 50 million people say a foolish thing,. is still a foolish thing. (A.France)
16.	It ’s so immodest of Kate to say that.,. is talented. Someone is going to
teach .,. a lesson some day.
17,	Hi! I remember... I
18.	To call Fred now? Oh, yes, I’m due to call.but only after I wash and
dress ... .
19,	Students oughtn’t to imitate all the lime. ... are to learn to make ,.. own
deSsions,
20.	Why are we to do all the job ... 1 This isn’t ... duty, is it?
21,	Serge is bad at English. It’s impossible for.to translate articles ...,
22.	Doing this, you. are going to make , vulnerable.
1.9.	Avoid Common Errors,
1.9,1,	Learn some peculiarities of both-
1.	Both her parents are doctors.
2.	Both of them medical doctors.
3.	They are both doctors.
4,	Both sides, are keen to reach an agreement.
5.	She and her husband are both keen on dancing.
6.	”1 don’t know which to buy." -"Why not buy 'both (of them)?**
7,	They are both procrastinators.
8.1, am unable to do both research and business.
9. It is an adequate stuff, both then and now.
10, She is able to speak both French and Italian.
47
MINBi
1. Be lot nt iotft + «feflw vert? use wftfter +	^&bi
Шш Шкт Ут l® tell the truth-
2. .Wft conies before a determiner,. not after it*
Both the boys are here.

3» lort eannot be placed, ieeediately before te:
Two of the biggest firms are Apple and IBM, both of which are in the
compeer business./
Two of the biggest firms are Apple and IBM,
computer business.
which are both in the
Unless it is used as a pronoun:
Two of the biggest firms are Apple
business.
and. IBM. Both are in the computer
4, Do not use two both.
The new model is more efficient than both the previous ones (not * both the
two previous ones)
5. Both cannot replace a flrst person pronoun (we) or second person
pronoun (you).
Г m going to write this letter to tell you both (both of you) about my time in
America.
1.9.2, Is it right or wrong to say so? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
Pattern: - Both the students have superior academic records.
- Right!
- The both students have superior academic records.
- Wrong! Both the students have superior academic records.
1. It is good that both the sides are able to understand each other.
48
2.1 think ЛИ and Betty are dike. Both of them are not able to do any Job by
themselves.
3. We have two research projects at the moment, which are both in
computer science.
♦. We have two experts on computer science, who both are recognized
authorities in the field.
5.	The Committee is going to listen to two reports which 4)oth are
Important.
6-	. We are going to consider two applications both of which are likely to be
interesting.
7,1 am going to tel Г both that you are wrong!
8. There are three children in the family: Betty, John and Richard. Betty is
completely different from both the two boys
9. Hwy are both aloof characters.

U(к The Words Yob Are Supposed. To Know
ability * стюеобиовь-
able * сиособиыЖ умелый; be * (to) *
мочыбыть в состоянии
аЫш< *а отжеителмй, насчет, с: be to *
е<Лрвъея жмот сделать адь
.absent - отсутетвуижай
AsenMtthdrt - рассеянный.,
.нешимятежьвый'
ibeediiit * .иемадый,. овдоышй,
шобндьиы!, «К0ГО*«€ЖШИ:ЫЙ
ввйеяй * уиивсрситотсжий,
академвчш® й, учетный
aeeept * ярииимяш приявать* яопржиь*
ссшашгьсж
according (to) - етиаяй «й в
соответсшкв; ио- мнению- вл
aeeorate * точный» правильный
acbhve - достигав., добнтатьо
acquire * приобретать,, ласта гаж
евлшшвать. (знаниями, навыками,
предметами), яожучггь
Mqafcitiw * стремянжйи пробреств,
йюсобмый усвоить
adwpiie “ адекватный нжлежашиЯ
соответствро»!, какой надо
adetpatoly * дашшм образом^ как надо
adjective - нршгагательжш (^мшгj
«йшисю 1и * заранее, зЛягивриеийв
 advice » сжг
:. ailvbe * «ветйймш коисужтиронаж
извеишть
*	adviier« .научим! руковдатель.
консул ьтаит
affatfoft. - яривяяниосш любовь,
ршюложежж pe.pa.lar ** нопуляриость
afrallj: be * М * to тмя чж-
after - «сж иосже того- как.
жЙотвои - жяь посж полудня; 1я. the
яшм; this * сегодня лим
sf aii. - снова» вновь, опт, еще раз
apii.it - против; на фона среда
age * возржт
reement - соглашенйа договор
*	айж1 - вг»рд;-*• of scfcediih- ~ досрочио
(М жшдада,	w»W« в /Mifloww н
Ш - ИфВЬ ДКЙОТОИ»
шЬш » действие, работа, детелыюст-
aetiw • аггйвный, .датажиый:
яс«с - оефый, врояикатвввый. тонтай
Жжо
add - даввиять, дополнять. складывать
„ режа 1|ж«1ита ш
sins * цель
alike - иохржяй. даж&ый, такой жея
шинаовый; подобно:, точно так же,
ш»аадш>
*	til * все, весь: at all « всадсе «в«м
। allow * разрешать; be е<! to do (seoerhiug)
- быть разрешенным, разрешаем. I |с Is
alawetf to tile lit ежи, -Ему разрешаем
(иожж>) сдать жшш.,
49
- ПОЧТИ
atoof - отчуждеинШ раэнодуиный
Лпе - m, я ади«»чест>е;- тол.ьж>
itoiig - 1уиэль; - with - ввряду е
already - уже
alw - тоже, также
alternative - альтернатива., выбор
always -.- вес»
мЬЙйв« - честолюбивы!
analyse- (BrE) - smtere (AmE) -
авизировать
мшшй “ животное
answer •*• ответ; -отвечать
tiij tWiig “ «ым-будь (top	что
уте.» (< шафД ничего- йетд
фМт!
ipp«»tmc« -деловая встреча; to «ate ил
- ижмяйть встречу; to- tap « -- явиться
на встречу: to cancel ап ••« отменить встречу
approve»стюбрпде считать правильным
М
ariArmtic - арифметика
arm * pwa
arrange * организовывать, уетранвать..
trregewient - договоренность, согаашеиие,
жрой.:рйят«д приготоад-ение
жг rival - прибытие. приезд
arrive «прибывать, приезжать. нрнхоиь
ask - спрашивать, просить» п опросить
assign • иодазть, онределжъ, поручать,
ирипжввать-
assign «ent - задапиа поручение
жшйии - домаищж
as-istwwe - демона
««to - комраньон, союзник, партнер,
коллега, товарищ
athletic - стюртплши, сильный, здоровы!
sttend - посещать
attentwn. * внимание
autliorrty - авторжш, крупный.
с»»ж t wwglized >- приланнмй
aBwpwfCT
жж * топор
ЬЛу -репежж, младенец
basic - основной, базовый
be * бьгп», находиться, яшаться be Is tl®
(w®ert»f) « быть должный сжшггь
Шеям - оаювйтья
before - веред, прежде чем
beiavc - всети себя
* believe - верить, иожоггь
below * йижс, внизу
best - мидучййй; лучше всего: do one’s -
ежжъ вев. что можно
biey-de; - в елося жт; кжгяться/ездить. па
велосипеде
big: * бвлыиой
blame - об.1жняты жшть
hittsnt: - «ШЙЙ, ОЧСВИДИИЙ, В®1И!ОЦИ<Й
bold -храбрый
boldness; * храбрость
МЛ - оба, обе: и и, в то, и друое
brea'k « ломать, разбивать, нарушать,
разрыжгмя (brote broke»}
breete - легкий ветерок, бриз
briltoi * блеетшиий, выдаюшиШея
iiiitil - строить, создй.ййть (bnflt)
Mtdtag. - здашш, етренне
*: bniinoi * бинес, коммерция; компания,
^^^Дшриятие-
b-Bitaoslfc - деловой
bttgy - запггый
buy - нокувагь. (bongМ)
olettlatitn - вычиелшше. исчиежше.
подсчет, расчет
oil * звонить; зваты 1вШ1зтж шжок:;
ntita t * иовонить
еижрм * удаверсйтетекижгородек
c»b~ мочь-
cancel * отиенжь, дшвилировать
ев-г - машина легжовой автом-обадь
eiw - ввйматоьчоеш, тжтешшт.
осторожность; забота.
carefree * беззаботный:
* carelos - иебрежиыВ иеввиитеж в*мй
деагеЛ! - осторожный, впиштошый,
тательвый-
‘ csrcftilly * огго^рожио, внимательно-^
т дате л ию-
orfef * заботливы!
саше - визывжь, быть ириииой
.* cerfein * ререниыЖ определенный; be
быть уверниым
cerfe-inly - конечно
chaos- * хаос
character - хараггер
cbarteterMe - характерксиет-;
характерный
cleck - нронержть (for, вп?. вр); -. crat
проверить на прагаде, оаегать (путем:
опыта, прггйческого- прииеиевш)
> checЛ! - йёёвлый, бодрый, неувывашшй:
:« chief- -йачоьи», шеф
SO
cheese - выбирать (cbww Ловя)
elissэйнятяе; класс (группа. стр.1снтов); in
£"|Взв.вй7И»л«1урож
” ОйИООЖСИИК.
4, у«*1 р|¥ я Ч'СТКСВ МЙВс#-
gJPg. L 31МР»1ЖГЬ(СЯ}1. бЖВМКЙ,
^.^каложеий^’й- недалеко; близко, недалеко.
- предазйшй.
федубеждевямйл ограничен иый
ode" * шифр. кед
old едождаый
orfileiiш ” <ом..ега
eplfect * собирать
c;o«l>iffl«ton * сочетаяне
come - приходить, пржпжать (свае, сете)
committee - шымда, комиссия.
eooiianicittoa - першвш сообщение;
шпШнЖ связь, шммуиивОЖ problem -
орЛгем^ в. обжит йлжмйим смысла
«вриу - фкрж Ж0МЙШШЖ
w®pawi(»sie • еочуветвушшиЯ ссжереж»
ШЮ.ИИЙ-
COilipitin ЖаДОВШС!'
- штА жхчшш. з*
шениый; заканчивать:, 'завершать:
cofliplercly - пшностыо
е«1СфШ! -•• яшятнйкмй; даврвкжрйея на
пошж'ия, теорию. теретиедежя шшшщЛ
соя clowns - вывед, тажюченис; driw а**
щжпъ вывод
ctsfcffef - вызывающи!: путига^
зажттетьство
eftnjMBctwii - союз (фямм,)
еедиеейов - связь
««fer - считать, рассматривать
cwtrwtfo» « обращенная форм» (фйжм)
«Григу * противотюдожный, обратный; '
0'0 the •* -иаоСорот, напротив
wtttro:| - торжк управление;
тантро.д«р0вать¥ уирзвлять;. и tave
over - контролировать
<«wert - иревращжь, преобразовывап^
eoBvhct убеждать; ** bg * убедительный'
софсгайож - сспрудюиеото
eorrect • ярвильный, правый; ютравл.т,
Wpwr»po»w -bos - иражльнсеть
COiitf *М0ГгИОгбы
«вpie «spa; in а * of days - черз пару
тй
ешг» - курс; * paper - курсовая pafcra.
ewer -• жкрмвшн жкрьжиж охизтмнзтъ
eram - васде^: за^^игшть.
жзубрнвать..
готовиться второяма заиежняш
иергголнжю избивать битшж!
cratit -- вера, доверие,, адж заслуга,
вохюа
# «weЖ * текущий, шмжугвый,
Й1£Т0.Я’ЩЙ й, и ы я е и гни й
# Cite “ умный, шобрязитежмшй*
емьидлеиа'ыи, нроиицателвный
йаке - тайцеяжь
йну - жиь; every * каждый день; tвше
когда-нибудь
rfeaditae - (крайни® ергж представления т
(сджи| предельное, конечное время
deal “ слежка; яЛе s жжт^ ежжу;
the * В off - сделка pacropoiwt
;.. del! - аметь .дело, стшжнжтмж осатыж
 шиймжшЖ: вести, разбираться (with)
(dealt)
dce«.t - ириднчиай, норлдочный
decide - рошть
,  dechton. - ршенне; лаЬс а дриижмать,
йрнйять решение
dceaidinf » требоаадаимй, ярда-
.являющий, высокие требования
deeote - обожачт
®depcad* зависеть от ч,*я., иожгатьо «а ч-
Ж (®я)
describe * оирж»ть., давать опржжоис
различие, рагшийа
ный, ОТЛРЛШЫЙ,
опиеывжгь
desioble - желтедьяжй
determtacr * огтределитель (даиги./|
. difficult - трудны!.
diffcreio
di.fWrcw.t- - различный
исходный
k dilenwia - жлеима
disapprove * яедабржь (of)
diwovery * оирьпж
dhciss - ofcyBMb, спорить
disease - забояеваяне, Оожзиь
disgusting « отвратительный
dhorgiBiicd - .лезоргя'низовани.ый.«
неоргаи:изоваи.ный,бес1юрад(жи'ый.
»с!<ад!И ’ сомиение
4. dgebtfal - соииитежньй, соммкмвйся
dream * мента; ментать
drive водить машину, емвть на машине^
дайггж йролвигаж приводить в движение
(drtw, drive®
. due * .должный, идаежтадА об»аШ1«й,
ожидаемый; be-to- быть должным.; быть
обусловлен.»# лжятвсл рзуяьташм,:быть
шшшиаж * to - благодаря, из-ж в силу
duty - жж. -сйжанксстъ
each - важдьнв * efcr - друг друга (другу
и пр)
Ж1®г * стремяшийея. иетеряеяивын,
жаждущий
-ogerMs - стремление. желание
ж - жгтай;	-goiig - легкий,
спокойный, добродуашай
easily«легко
educate - of учаты давать образование,
прсоежжа
effect - шшействж ялимие, pw»ar,
следствие
efficient - ярадуктиввиЖ работающий е
высокой отдачей, и г8-роио101мильйоетыо,
жтемний, расто|»11иий.ж11ержйв-й:йй,
^#«»вн«й; 1у - быстро » вороню, с
высоким качеством:.
высокоиржзводителыю
"exempli gratfe»"' - например
else - eiiie;. so«<o»e * - жто-иибуаь еще*
«set - точный; - 1у - ww«K WCiilto
ежйшр1е » прииф
expert' - ожадяж рассчитывать
ехреияйе * дорогой, дорогостойщи Й
eiptrienecd - опытный
experiment * опыт, экс перимеит; ииАе
ставить. э1С11ерйМе«т, прололпжь. опыт
eiprt * эксперт, eneittw»-
CTphin * объяснять
eiprcishn - выражение
. Ш - »е: удаватьеж не- йплунатмж териег^
неудачу, проваливаться
fettifBi * преданный, верный
fall. - падать; вро:вадай.аз>ся, оказаться
пеудачным (fcll¥ Шйея)
fix » факе; посылать ш факсу
- знакомый
Btnijy -еемж * *eriented-
иботашвйея о своей сем ье
караггеристи^а
feciing - чувства
ктоте другой
mptasiM - подперта ваш прадол
особое деачеиие, выделять
employ - принимать,. наяимжь на работу
energetic - энергичный.
Baglifh.- аягжйс«1,: аигавйскмн: тож
«фу » наслаждаться.* подучать удоволь-
ствие
«tough »достаточно
entertain - разшшкать
entirely ™ поиостью, всецело
entitle - надавать» озаглавливать
ему - шшшш работа, сочишение
учреждать,	аршшшшь
esteem ’ мнение, ожно;
omwi«o
ct« г Latin wct cetera" - и, так далее
ethw * нравяжиимЛ, этичный
evaluate - ожижать
evaluation - оценка» оценивание
event ™ событие, .я влек ж. факт, случай
weiftemp«red • Ладдадай енокайадм
нравом, характером
ever - когда-либо
every - каждый
everybody - все, каждый:
ewrythfaf -все
evidence -	фастСы),
шшшшшш (“Btb аокоателмтю (*ва)
(е ясадо.. cytif)
figure цифра, фигура
film - фильм; ижно
final ’ окоичжгельнвй
finally - в кш&шш итоге» в конце концов
find - нахолж (fend)
в» - прекраевмй» тоиий
lot - первый; в перу» очередь, прежж-
Bcens
five * пять
fiexifele *шбкяй
follow - ежжшть ч>д, «и за ч-л, (кадЦ
foltowiwg - схлспротой
йойяЬ«глупый
tbrgetftil - забывчивый
fco
форж в виде
ШгшвИу - офяцкомш. форвавьво
формам форийровт;. is the * of
И
frcq»ent - частыЖ распрктраживвй
«friend * друг
friendly - дружесжнй, дружелюбный'
fririioB» - лежоыежииыЖ воверхно
стниШ, иесфьезн«:й
Е fan - р&мжняеИЭ,удевольст>ж (*1
* Ы w * - рввложгыж
ftmetton - фужд«; фуижшдйнрвать
ГиИ« - будувее. Будущий: й the пс»г~»
неЯ8ЖК»м'будаше«
Л w..йриоврегт,, получать.
I датчаш - thtap Л»» “ ЖИ»
l,v ,стать доводить дело до кеда -
»Ь«вй - -мкаичдат.. проходить,, сдавать
Хе , да, лав»» (8®*е» »»*>
Svtag - ЖЧ«и»й* Л««»я
. идти, «мы go b»ek - воаврвдя-ься
(weet. S»11®)
sail -иеп*.
йдтю отдать, дайж ехать
goiig.; he НИ “собйратьеж сделать
в^фовтши плакировать
go ой * вихожггк выйти: of tier»®
шйш »з ком»»;, отправиться ы.

it) 1)аииуск«и«; 2) студент,
fod «хороший; Ь« * »t шеть делать <<
10|жшо> жорйио усжввж
Ййй.| - кр»вь< хор ошеимй
grsdttiie - [4t] Падажшш 2) студент,
мшжвийо: юдучить ученую степе»
магистра иж логгора наук; 3) (<it]
зскетчивжь (особ, кшаедж' или университет
gгжиийг - грамыжгнка:;. - реиШ - аепевты
Йаммотж вопроси грамматики:
gommitwat - грамматический
grand * 1>вижашы<1 большой, .
веяикойштный
gray (А»В), grey (ВгВ) - серий, седой
grert -- великий, огромный, больной
:gr«®i • сшоиаиж йржвж мотив
growth - poor, развитие, увеличение
guard - охрана, охршадк; seeority - -
телохранитель
; gitsswwk. - догадки, ви ш чем не
. йсйованяыв прлншожеетя
ру « п-арень., и.швчж, молодой человек
half ’ ижиз, лаколовийу;
иолчжж (ph 1.Льм)
haiHi - рука
handle - 1)руко:ма, py«i 2) управлять,
снрвйто; вести
handy - умокй, ловкий; удобной
happen - случатьсй, пртй'схадить
hippy . счжтаявый
Bird - упориый, труяиыи. тежоый’
упорв.0, трудно; (ttag) ^est самы! тданый;
упорнее, нуднее всего
h»rt>drhti »leeroBopHiiiBii,
кеуступчивй,. упрямый
а шЛ ..^. л.........

iwe * иметь.; * a. eijerefctefi - оказать
зиочителиое Ж1«яни.е,.1«действйк на ч^л..
be * он
'beaitfc * жоряье
heart- серда®
her - ей, ее
here - здесь, ешж; вот
hint * емутего
MBielf - (<»ij <ж*
1й - его
bold - держать, содержатьдаржаваж
сохранить контроль, владей- (Ый)
hoitte - дом, домой; at *- дом.а
bsmtwort - димаши» работа.
hon.ert - «тиши
honor (AffiEb h&ntMir (Irfi) * честь
toftorsble (ЬоишпЫе)- « почетный,
Загородами
hope - надеж»; иажжться
hwpftsble * го£тсиринм.иый
how - как. каким образе и; ** 1см g * ик
лолго; -mtny - шжш (с жшо,.ож к.
питеЬ - сколько (е нежчао. owJ
Mmant * человечимй.
fcypeerfcy * лнцемерие
hypeerite * лицемер
/ I • ж
< idea * ядея, мысль, понятие
if - если; ли.
imuglntiive - ожрениый: богатым
тебражиием; Лаж«дай творческим
воображением
imifiiw ™ юображагь, прлетймять ее&
itMicdiately - ншедаеиио,
мосржиенмо
implement - выполнять, осуидествлмти.
обссвечиить выллянеиие, нрояежняе в
жизнь
iniportial ’Важиый
tapossible - иевозможвый
in “ в, черв (?фЛог)
1 Л 1 z z 99 я Я  Wlw IK к *	<  J X V ц д г г 
fricrease • pBlrirs] увеличиваться,
возрастать, расти; prierh] уведамеаве,
возрмтакке, прибавка
iit-dfcate * указывать
infer-.жить заключение, вышж выводить;

означать, преждолаож. подразумевать
толковать
bf attiw * ияфйннтив, а-еонрележниал
форма, глагола
taferm - 1:нформ:ировать<сообншь
53
initial - мнаяышй» иорвоя «шивши.
tawwatiw - йамторгЖ .новейший.
iiirtiiWt - прйор, иистружнт
- умственный, иитеоек-
туж&иый, мышительяый; ммслжшмй;
мыежтейс умный неловек, человек
тл^т	запросов,
иитевгеат
*• letve - покидать, ухадиж язжать,
оставить; * for *• уезжать в- х:,-л, иунгг (1Ш1
Ito - мшьшим;. жньиид мшее
!озо:п - урк
liable - шшвержённыж сионйый.
ржможеякыЯ могущий йодвегиуться
ж» обяэаияий.
II® - ложь; лгать, говорить неправду, врать
life * жизнь
tataitton - ишуиида
Iwtattwely - иитуитимш, подсозиамыш
1ш® - вожрс, ирдаст обсуждаиш, выпуск,
иомер, изданкс, исход результат; the •** at
stike - рассммривжмый вопрос, предмет,. (-
а«) жма
it - 1) «д <жа, ано (лшя> жсжодм ta
«еифадыж срй; форлшшш шдяежаы^
в бмгжйых фЛажежж: It Is .good to be
optimistic J)- его, ее; это
its. — его. ее
Ы№с ** шашшть куршвом;
падаершвать, шжшь

ш - пункт. параграф, статья, ншф
(программы), вопрос. предмет
job - работа; - epportonity - возможность
иайти работу, вакансия
joyfot * pwcoMiL жизмерадастнмй
josl - iipocws голый, только wo
:taw - живо интересующийся чте,
ржкаюйшйея; be *- on - ужкатьея «м
tap - жржаж иметь, хранить, содержать,
обошечиватш сдержать: я ргэтпше -
сдержать обещанию * » ippotatnieit ~
явиться на встречу
kill убивать
Ш» wrier * киложтр
kiwi - I) добры! 2) тиа, вид, сорт: What
kind of man h- he? Пакой он нелавей/Что он
К человек?
kmi-bearted - жбросердеи«:Ый
|с г«:w - 11 шт i> (ta е w, kit зw n)
label * wwero, наклейка
hml ~ земж
tagMgc - Я1ык
farply в ociwwipM; а знжителыюй
стенени
fate » поздний, otww beшжи1иаать:
later * нотже даздиее
hagi -амотьет:
law. - закон, нрзво
1аж ленивый
learn * учиться изучать, узнавать
ifcityte- - соль жижи
light - caw; жжеж »л шшримтйе j»the *.
of - в жш'
like .йсшобшЖ .похожий; нйжЛ.йо, м; 
tiito/thit« такой:, таки^ такие, так, вот так,
таким оброом;. любить, ирвитм
t&ely - вероятны!

linger - задерживаться, меджть
liiten - слушать
little маленький! мало: t * - .aesaoro (с
tof 1е - логика
logical «логический
bag * длинный.., долгий; be - *
зздер>*ваться> мшиить
look * емотрть; жг - сштреть на и.,»т,; **•
ft»ftgb * йросматривать
test - терять, .проигрывать (lost)
tot: a tot (oS leii of - много, .множество
„Jtet - любовь, любить-
№ky удачливый, везуши
я».рг - знашгвльвки; больший,, более
важный
w.ake - ложь, зжтавлять, занимала,
составлять, фориулиромть, строить; * Йи
wMiof * иолжжшо (макеймалыю)
ястошзовать, наказать в вавдрдвм внмг
представить в выгодном сите
шш. - нёловем, мужчина; (pl. иеп)
Wgy - МОШ, ВОЗМОЖНО
•• дауЬе * можст- быть
«.etiitti > смысл, жяевже
waaingfol..им»щ.ий см.ьо, значимый
®edfcin« »лекарство, меднаина
шШ « встрстжЦсй (wet)
.«eeteg- - встреча, собрание
пташЬег - чжн
шеюогЬе - затем ин ать
merely » только,, прооо, ежияствеии»
иегй - заслуга, достоинство
atssate -•с
щеиие. >»cie
гя
t - мог, мог бы

million - миллион
54
2) возражать.
(-Л»в something); 3) обратив
»1У^Д8Д<И.В^ ИМО’Ь .В ЛИду
еешшойвКу  « время от времени
office ’ служебное иомещение, кабинет,
офис
often * часто
mew^:
я«Й^-:й«
Mod  * вш|хжнме
ио». .^Виж €»te
1Я^й» «ж большая час»
Щмэ), в высшей даеш
тевв: ^бзвдаайо; <rf А> Й®» “
^бйаьшу®	врмши.;: :иике th« *- of -
awryrf ваибоявшую пользу, иамсямальмо
оие-шдарШ МШШ1Ш. в&инчж. фей?,.:
One if abte to- say Мжш смазать..,
oneself* еехм, с
-i

only * только: едмнс-яеш4ый
Bpeft-Miadei * аасйрн1вн:имый. неиреду-
бвждемый
opfflioB - миеиие
opptt.rt»iw - возможность.
optiofette * штмм^ш^яый
огйг - 1)1оржо«:, приказ, зжо; 2)
ЖЖЖЬЗОЖЧ ЮНОСТЬЮ- ЖГЮЛйЗОВаШ
ЗЯ1Г - моивврва»; be motivated -
бьгв'штивировйииым. иметь мотив сделать-
<<<Ода йоеуор^^ленным
вжМ	сш»ш М
ам!е * муеад муары; p«fs««»l -
Ibwwctm йож<ж»жл«ые врофесшоиали
must ^доджей; 1 -«-обязательное условие
ту - мой (-ж? -ос)
пЛе-лшшамй
near * Ыйж ршж близка рядом
йе€^1ф::г*-?ншбходимвй
в«еиВу- тебжжжжть
negative » отркмоьньД нтживиый
веек. .ygpt :
п^; --Шобходимость. потребность;
нужжмж нужно; 1 need to go, * Мж
нужно шдж
iritbw* «жжой:, и к ожий (из двух),- ив
wr^Wlt j^yrnl; milkerвот - ни. ш.
itwer * шшш*
вя? * в»н1
»€й * ’Шжуввдйй, сжшйиЖ. будущий
ftiw *; 1фйгтый, мклый.. красивы.!.,
хэдвйз : : :
К^ДИВ:ЖдаеаТ' Нобежвемой премии
«Ong:- иво» liters - but - ничего
“ D-Wwr; асжолжнис (аж<^ J
* Лзажльетво^
°,1м;т - ^мечи^-оолюить
»Л«м «полу^ать? приобретать
очеввжий; * 1у- * очоадно
лршаэьшатьлактншть
erieatwl: иемв- ** ™ строшшй-ся .жстичь
уежжа; fcuily- * ечитаюедии семью
больяйй .ценностью, з-абозжжйо о семье:
spiritedly* “ веруюв|и.1, реяигиошьй
attar - другой
oita-rwbe * и.иачс, явим образом, во
другому, или же, в иротовиом -шгучае
otigirt (to) * -следует
шг - адш (-а), (‘еХ («»)
ewrwlws - (мм) сами
ёиЙ1ие * иамегять,. офисовать
owing: (to) благодаря
own - сиосжиный
раЛ » р.акдвывжь. едбпрать жШи
paper - иисьменга работа (студента),
статья, научный: т>уд; со«г®е * - «рсовая:
работа
part-.часты in - «тиасти
ptrtfca'lBr - частный. .«он.кретны.й, ижшю
этот; м ** -1 частирсти: be * ahwt ' -:-
аридавяь особое зншшж ч,-л., Одагь
нрижртв»!. эзьшхжельиым
partfcihrly * особе я. wo
pamer - иартвор
party - йечеряно, ирисм..гостей.;, стерона (к
йлжр/»).. oapwi
patter и. - обраэси,. иражр, шжж, форма.
р-иеуиож-, структура,, с’грошгне
pay • плвшз'ь (рай); плата, оплата
peart - мйрдаежой
pe«lferity - особвоюсть-, специфичности
:хара«риа« черта
people -люди
per * в (феАТОй4); * day в жнь
perform * выйодйять, -осуже лмшъ
perbtpt “ возмажло
perМ: it “ рш ршаты be е<1 ж йе
(to»€th«t) * быть разршеиным: I fe h
55
permitted ю a»i Ему разрешается
person * жяояеж. жадность
pto-ottal - лжный, яёрсомальимй:
>и
реошЛ * убеждать
реошмоп - убеждение
*prsedwубедительной
pet.- любимец, (любимое) .дашшнее
жмвжжж *• Лшт^ - любимая жор»
pbon® « звонить,; тслофоа; en the - » по
телефону
phrase - фраза
pieterg - картша, изображение.
рШе - шттхшшшъ
рЬиГ * дам:, вламромь
playful * игривый, веселый
phase ‘ жютамяш. удшйвотж, угож-
ВЖ нравиться; шжшуйста; М -
довольный (with/)
pleasaftt - орионый
plat * -сюжет» «лай. схема
point * точж пунш характерио черта»
вопрос,. дело» главное, смыш деталь,
додрбйосш ш»; а - < rrfereaee •>•
.йоя.ятж;. the - is - дело- в том, что; grammar
*- - правило грамматйжи; * of view -точка
зр&ш
politician - ооадтиж
pnlitio - «шитика, иолитижсж'яс события
popular - доприрвый
positive * теложжтаышЖ» юиструктивйый,
йесомисииый, увертвдый, шяерпюяо
ясный
posltiwly »нееомнеино, определенно. ясно,
безусловно
- .владеть, обладать
poswoiw - иритяжатслышй: a posies si w/
режойге ргммжи - притяжательное
мсстдимегош (фадо|,)
р»йЫе - жжможный
possibility ~ пошожиоеть
prtcticsl * нр«и.че£Ж.ий» пражичиый
precise. -тоадшД оярделенйый
рги^йе' - «раетижв; яржтишваться (ЛгпЕ)
practise йраетикоажься (ВгВ)
pmlicttoti * пршетааде
prepare - гоммтмея)
ргержййй - оредлог (г/жмл-ь)
pmldeat - президент
pretty - крясилЖ. хордкн-ыси-й; очень
(AoE-i
prwtons - Йрлылуншй
ргоЫем ” иройвма, задача; трудиоегь
>гшжйвай - м»итж откладывать
итжвръ"
professtowi - йрофссежшадьаый;
профессиойад
proftsswBBlIy * .ирофессжшалыю
profit« прибив, .польза; получать пребыл»,
извлекать пому
progressive * :арогресшви.ый
project * ироежт; ордеггйравать
prompt подекюкв, паиониване
pronoun * жооиедж (гржиJ
proper - правилышЖ иадаежшдж
ДРЛ'Жйй!
prove- - жюывжь; оказываться (ришД
prowd»prweib осш -амф<)
pttneteil * йуймужьиый
perptse - цель; for specific-ч» ™ «.
шжретиых целей
pttsici - озажченжьЛбbe tbeuttowr
«aieiilftg
диеве!.ровлегворйть (жлаиж,
пжрбжоЯ» рйЧ»жагь» гюдавлвд
thiat-ftteaeler -- вапижк, угожюишй
жажду
gnotfoe - вопрос; to - - рассмадрвваемый,
обсужяашвй: Ле problem ш - *
рсх.Шфвваемаж о.роблсма
qwick - быстрый
qnie.htttepere<i * вспыльчивый,, жежр*
жж вы!
- вполне, совсем
nil; - давиц мдтм (о дожж)
».Г€1у « редко
rstler - доюльв-о, .доволыюыжж; скорее»
йрдпонттельиее
reach * достмжъ
read - читать (read)
really - в самом двле, жйовижжйо
reason * причшш здравый -смысл; for the
saee * ио той: же ттричкж
геавоаМе * рожниЖ тсеоо-бразиый
recill - вспомикать-
reeeptlw * восприимчмвый:
ш:ер.йе - узвать, узнавать
гештвиж datloa - рекожоиям
record - запись, фаеты, данные; i.®aiemte ->
- данные- об ушожмости; жпвсьшжь
refer - отное.йть(сй)5 роши», ссылжда
r®fcr«ce - ссъама, -у1юии1ииие, стека,
отвошевие, связь, стандарт: i piitiit ©f •
-гижштие
56
ИИЗНЖ1Э |0ЛщЖЗИ
otr iiDtMo- "ож1гохэзй. - рцмэшеш

«домьшь шцмж - 1«д»«|
wXgw-oo ш<из - etioeo-s
ожомээн -f пйохоззн - мясе
1 «ш»Шйдо - рои
мго а ж>ййж т Ш -
язжомовй -
t
ШЖ и	'Xwomou *Ж1И - os
жяж ^1ии₽»	- -^шш.
ВШ1ЙМШП ШниШ * ««»
Htwwigrtw “ ||вя«
^эияжш ЧА^Ш№ в» W<^K;*2
зж®з» OFiisda “ itMB
iHwiwHwdB w«ciii Шмжь.^,
ригжХ ^шш "piiotoi - |Ч|1да
11и«яжХ: кр*шшШ «ф шгм - > «шэр
ШШ ЖН *ЗЙНЖХ - |Д|
яхэсШзййр»: * цзрф
ИЖННМОНйШ ‘мВ.....э|1ир
ииивАзи - w»«
gooodn - В|йир
вшаоада.‘цижомова жцяр
’ If лкм



«мой ц Ьомтезе *матй||^:|«
WHiwiido — t |й Шжедр tHi-Л' - далвф
(«meitf
*p*».«r#qs) ШШ1ЖСЮ0: *Я:»ШТОМ0В - .«01|S
wiiBdx "HioiodGK ’ woip
иявшждХжи - (й»ф
(эвкир) тшж Ч1Ж - Ж1 ф
охчтаязаи « |«алм
- »рж
(жкжв)- о«»жо«^и - ээиэjuts
'ЙВЖКЭХЯЯХЗйХь - элр»я>«
МГДЖГЖИОЙВЙЖС	эдрож
0BJ>31Ah - ДЙО1ЖВ1
jo - в tamo iiwdtt Won«3 ш«шшз
рщжйшсж %wi»A»g *оахэяХъ - ж«
(:|S3S) wirmoi - р«м
(АЛ» ж#ооо ш?wwww} -own - ^|W
oiiotf ’ wopps.
(«33» *Ж1К) ШЖКИСИ; *<ЦЖ1Я - >3f
»t»j ^Wwd «о||»
IWHxrate - lAgaJwf-
gwt©h^ * рцизрк
ИННЬАЙЙ - 3|JipB13S
gajwoiffios — ppot
ШйлШ мчанэаээхзз - Ж1Д» - owps
оиъЛэож
* * j.o- pi>i|i шифейл: “жиежюий - э|лр>ф<
яижо	otag * &рЛц
Шжшйийс! wmwd мжмншейш
ВХШкЖЮ чжЛжй pued»
Hiwwwxodgow ^явинЖоши- 1Д»»пода
яэчхшшт-гес ~~ op Wiog^a гажиж^з^и
-ошЛв ^нятаЛзтеи	’
ад^посШш1фМж - ^“Ч1194
ш

fR»OW
*рч«хзэМ Шо 8ШЖШИ * Р»Ж^4
tOlCWCWI 0ХЬ %яяошояж«
(жшШ) аяижйодэзя ж»1®ов * iiai»*1
эдрадэл/шрэр^ «:g.wisdg»i:>^4W:
яи
WOtt
CW|
, вскоре
surf ** сорт. вид, тип
stwttl - звук; звучать
spofc - говорить <spoket жройеи]
fpftiai - особый» особенный, аж-дажышй
specialist - сгешшвист
specific - шикртеный, данный; Mtlly -
sicetB - ушж. oricBted - сзушжцийеж «
усжху
sueecssftti * успешный» удачливый
«Л - шкай; * as - такой как, такие как
1И<1йев - виезашшй
suitable.иодхадящий:, соеггветгвующии
s'uitese * чемодан
именно. комртио, шрсш/шш, т&чш
specify • шнкрётно укажите, выдоить.
определять» называть
speeeb -.речь
sptstl - нроадагш тратить (speot}
spiritosliy: ^^rfcntrf -религиозный,
верующий
stake - дояядетавш the issue at
рассматряясмыи вопрос
stone! - cTOiTb(sBoi)
start - начинапДся), учреждать, запускать,
заводить
itittcirt- рвержаеаде, формулировка,
заявление-
, star - оставаться, врмвнмо жать м.,.,
оставовжшг тл
stick - придфживтеж держаться; - to
(facts) - придерживаться- фактов; - он to
<lbiag f) - шоеивжь, «риклеиаать к
(Моск)
stokrwm * хранилиив. -склад, оадовая
stoic - камень; low ш * »t«ed -
сделан? асе, что можно,	н
тщателмю выгюлит работу
store - запас, склад, .магазин; to -«впереди»
в будущем; а - room - склад, кладовая
.story * реек®. истрриж, сю-жгг, жгоиа
.вымысел
strategy * стртегйв
strong » симный
stuctat: flol-ww - - студшт’йсрвожуриик
stiiiio-и» - прилежный, утордиый,
старательный
stilly - .изучение, жосдование; учение,
учеба шнтяж наука; изучать, заниматься»
иссждаоать
stuff - мдаериаж шадеетш, вещь; дрянь,
ерунда
style - стиль
»М[Ш * нржие^теж подлежащее
С^йллиД
submit - прдставлжь (особ, вжьмениуо
раОоту.1, ежвать
««erf - круоиевжгь., добннаться успеху
уданатьс!
кив * еолн.ие
sapertor - высш ид,, виошетоашй!, дувши й,
Н|ЖВО€Х.О Д Н Ы.Й., и с кл»4:й ТОНН М.Й
sopport - пошжрживать. оказывать
йодаержку, обесиеншать., заншишть,
помогать^, содействовать.
suppose * 1>|жнол»ж йолагать
шге * уверенный: beбыть шеренным
take * брать, взять, -	- е ни шт в
само собой рязумеюилмся, принимать на
веру; - a risk - мдтй. на риск, рисковать; *
ар - зл-шть» витья (»ек,
takoB)
tafcnteii: - талантливый
talk ’ разговор, размаривать; —
свете» оееежв» иеофиииальиый разговор
&1ТОВНЛ
tail - высокий
feacb - учить, обучим преподавать (taatlw
tea«-«tto - член той же команды, товариш
по рбете; союзкшс
ten - десять
tencleBcy - тендекцю,. стеадооц
направление (to)
tonder - нежиый, лвежовый
tense* время (ф«м..)
Т:. Jff« - семестр; термин; w -f of - по, из
языке» е w та зреивя, отжоситадыю
tbat - тот, та, то (указ, что» мггорьА
(нодчлоюз); tbit is wtiy - вот почему; tb»t
в - те- €€i>
their - их
thgorctlol - тео^тачешмй; *ly-..
теорегиче». с-точка зрения теории
ttee - эта; Tbese аге ШШ ™ Тжо^ы: факты
(ops. Это ф »ыЭ
they - ©ни
ЛЬ - этот- (ш, -и): ТЬй в a fact, - Это факт
thing ’ жадь,. жле; жлд. «юкшо get
*^dn»e * доводите до конца, жбиважея
результата.
Л»к - думать; -(яшЬ) wer- обдумывал
(thougii.t)
-те; Those arc facts. -Таовы: фжтВ
(буже.. То фажы.)
58
tJieegl** ’ «ержатеяьный вдумчивый.
thwW^* get “ ” звоне п ро ходить»
сд»о>	.....
1ЙГ®Л
«ул
tOTigjht *	owe ром
train - t®
titae-waswiB,. »енв
very *.«ЯЬ,
view ~йф|иуь миеннс, суадсиис
vpobiltB”- «жоварь. словарный запас
- Я eiw во решил.
* I) студент последнего
к^а; 2) оуашш, о&у^аюишйся а.з степень
нвш»»1 - иед$1жиый
use * польза, таж&эоваижд рютрбжнис;
.исподыо.в»; make ** of - испааиовать,
.прймекятв
essal - обьидай; * 1у - обмшо
sitcriBw - 1ыск®.ыиан..ис
< wait ждать (for)
wait - хотеть, желать
wt-sh - путь.: стирать
watch: “ илОлшать, смотрть
way ~ путьляосЛ go ошй ows *—
Жйть »е<а«ву? идти своим и^рем
wear - носить: (садежж уир^жшя^ бить
одетым .во ч,<. (w:orti worn)
weather - погода
week * иоож
well - юроао
-: what * w, кжй!
.., whee - когда
wfceri - гж ада
\ whether - ли. (союз)
4 which - который (<t, -ос)
* who- - rro. кого, «<W
whole - весь, целый
.„ whom - кого, кому, мем
why - почему, зачем
wii - выигрывать, побеждать (w^tt)
wtater -зима
wish * желжйжд желать
with. - с(фей'ог)
without ^fe(^wdw)
womans - женвииа; pl, we®ea
wonder • йитсрсооватьсл. желать знать
wert * слово;*is
- ГОВОрЯТ(рШЛ)
Ц1шита.« - предпринимать, начинать,
брятьс* ш>& (undertook, undertoMim)
шокИ - шшшш. лжей сшшя.
мшжш; 1 would say - Я бм скшад(а)
wretched - противны ж жсносный. подлый,
«частиий
wrong • яспрвильнмС неуместный
year- год.
уш - та., w
ушг - твой (-ж <>, ваш (< <)
59
SECTION 2
2-^4-^ LfcOFO I-Ulpfi wtl4 СЗм
2.1.1.	The sentences that give a command or make a request are called
imperative sentences:
Be yourself. Trust your own intuition.
Listen! Pack our suitcases, :we are going to leave.
Stop it! Stop talking!
Stop procrastinating - just sit down and do it!
Quit it! Quit smoking.
Grab a cab!
Occasionally, to give emphasis, we include the subject (always the
addressee):
You take my advice, Jane.
2.1.2.	Ask your partner:
-	to apply for the job;
-	to imitate the teacher’s (toe speaker's) pronunciation;
-	to write a book out of his (her) own experience, observations and
convictions;
» to comment on the fact;
-	to establish a new point of reference;
-	to choose a better description;
-	to accept Ле invitation;
-	to grab a cab.
2.1.3.	Produce longer utterances combinin
жйс! iji.c
О
e.g. Bright red does not become to you. Choose another color.
I)	When in class,....	«..'
2)	If you are unable to write a book commensurate with Tolstoy
3)	If you are really interested in this position ......
4)	If you know something about it ...,
5)	If you have no reason to refuse....
6)	This description is not convincing,
7)	When your idea is not quite clear....
8)	When you get here,. .. and come to the main office.
60
2,1,4.	Study negative imperative sentences:
Don't take the job if you are not sure.
Don't imitate others, be yourself.
Don't spend money lavishly,T4
Young lady, don't you ever cal! somebody that.
2.1,5.	Ask your partner
-	not to smoke (that m uch) •
-	not to procrastinate this project;
: not to accept that job;
-	not to wash his (her) cat your....);
, жй to take everything, (anything) for granted;
i not to be too particular about other people's opinions
2.1,6.	Make longer utterances combining 2.1.5. and the prompts below.
1. Tdon’t like people smoking in my house. So,..•
2. The project is very valuable to us....
ЗЛХ.. It is to wash itself.
41Byou are doubtful,....
5.Don’t be so naive.....
6." You are to look for your own way, ...
2.1.7, Learn some of the informal uses of imperatives.
Think nothing of it! (acknowledging apologyrthanks)
Do it my way. (advice)
(Do) forgive me. (apologizing)
Excuse me. (apologizing, starting to speak to a strong
Mease do. (giving permission)
Tell me another! (disbelief)
Get tost, (rebuffing)
Look out!/Watch out! (warning)
Take care, (saying farewell)
Check out! (focusing) ....... .
мч %
'"У1,	,
.5J4 *Ж /X

Х1Л Make dialogees «sing taperatiws.
22. lievise Personal Pronouns- And Objectives (See 03. of Section I):
sfcf, w< Лш are ttsed as the sttbject of в
5C	' -XZ	'ty*'
2JX The prortouris
senteocei
- What ?s important to us is important to them.
NOTE: you and it may be both personal and objective pronouns:
You are really good at math, (fou is the subject.)
I am going to teil you something, (fa is the object.)
The idea is good,. It is really good, (It is the subject,)
All of us are going to approve of it. (It is the object.)
2.2.2.	Read and analyze?
"I want my notes. .1 wish you wouldn’t displace - Are these they?” 1
noted her correct phrase. "Are these they?*' and it seemed just over the
border of correctness. Perhaps, after all, this woman was strange, vicious, in
the wrong.
.<ter Martel Spark
Do you know whether *T or "me" is correct? Do you know how to
distinguish between the use of "he” and “him", “she" and "her”, "we" and ”us",
or "they ” and “them"?
If you are able to use these words properly at all times, you are a rare and
fcrtanate person. In fact, you are a genius, and we would advise you nottoread
’further in 2.2.2. However, if y ou are an ordinary mortal like the rest of us you
Wil occasionally have difficulty choosing the proper pronoun, and 22.2 is for
ifbu. We are going to show you how to make the choice of pronouns easy and
correct.
Quick Review;
1,	Use /, йе, she, w or rtey as the subject of a sentence.
2.	Use me, him, her, us or them as objects of verbs or objects of
prepositions.
NOTE: We usually use me. her, him, as end them in conversations after
as, than and be.
I am not as clever as her. Tm smarter than him. It's me.
In FORMAL WRITING, however, it is possible and even advisable to
write:
... as clever as she... smarter than he ..... It is I.
But people often try to express the idea in a different way:
63
1 am not as elever as she is. I’m smarter that he is, I am. the one/the person.
2,2.3.	Choose the right word; account for your choice.
1)	(we/us) students ought to be cheerful and efficient.
2.	) (I/me) am plmed with your work,
3)	(them/they) are due at 3 this afternoon,
4)	Tie director is pleased with (we/us) secretaries.
5)	Between you and (1/me),. he isn't smart.
6)	It is (me/I).
7)	It is (he/him).
8)	I t is (them/they).
9)	The last person to leave is (she/her).
10)	That is (them/they) walking to os,
11)	Send (thcy/thcm) the tetters at once.
12)	Permc (I/me) to say that 1 am against.
13)	It is (she/her).
14)	The message is for (she/her).
15)	(we/us) salesmen are to plan our campaigns carefully.
16)	The man is a better salesman than, (I/me).
17)	She is a better researcher than (I/me).
18)	She does a better job than (him/he).
19)	He is not so good м (she/her).
20)	He is as good as (I/me).
21)	We are better than (they/them).
2.2.4.	Make a short story emphasising the usage of objectives.
23. Study ta-Patterns.
2.3.1, There are other sentences that also give commands (orders, instructions
etc.) or make requests (suggestions, invitations etc.):
Let me say. Let him go. Let her know.. Let it be,
Let us start. Let’s begin. Let them try.
2,3,2. Study more complicated examples.
Let us .find ourselves and be ourselves.
Let's stop this useless discussion,
txt's quit trying to pretend to be what we aren’t.
Let them make an appointment with you,
2JJ/Mitd the negative forms
1ВЖ&жиев1 о в the
WStt CfUS I
they are to |<юк for
65
2.4 Leara The Future Simple Tense.
- I’ll be in France.
That is why the Future Simple Tense often goes with;
probably!
(I) expect:
(I’m) sere:
(1 don’t) think:
I wonder:
I'll probably come home late tonight.
We expect our client will phone soon,
I'm sure you’ll pass your exam.
I don’t think the exam will be difficult
I wonder what he will say.
’The negative of will is will not « ичж'Г:
Our chief will not approve of it.
Wait for me. I won't be tong.
Tm afraid we won’t have time for lunch today.
In British English we can also use shall with / and we:
•I-shall come tomorrow.	Or I will came....
’We shall contact you as soon as possible.
Or
№ will contact...,
The negative о f shall is shell not ~ shan't.
I shan’t be here tomorrow.
Or I won’t be here.
M American English shall in the Future Simple is unusual,
sentences using will to talk about the future; mind questions and
®g»tive forms.
) Our schedule is so tight; if you submit your paper one day late, it (not/be)
toutapply) for a driver’s license this month?
lam going to invite some of my friends to my birthday party.
у some of them? The others (be) angry.
Some students from our department are going to set up a photography
(they/find) the room for it, I wonder?
ou/do) research for Professor Allan next semester?
I; (work) as his teaching assistant.
(bet) the competition tor parts in the class play (be) tough this ye®.
7)	- The ice skating rink (not/open) until December.
8)	• Don’t let John buy that used car! Try to persuade him not to?
• 1 doubt that (do) any good. His mind is already made up.
9)	- Do you think we arc to review the history of the Industrial
Revolution?
- Without a doubt, it (be) on the exam.
following conversations; say what kind of communication
2.4J. Study the
each of them is:
A) small talk B) business talks C) academic discussion D) private
conversation
I.	- Mr. Daniels, you are to arrive at Charlottesville the day after
tomorrow. Remember; not one day late,
-	Will you cover all expenses?
-	Well, yes. It's simply a matter of money. Use your car and we'll pay
12 cents a mile. We'll pay your hotel bills but you we not permitted to
take a suite at the Brown Palace.
-	OK. I'll be there.
2.	- Let's not talk about it now.
- Is it really difficult for you?
-Later.
-When?
- When we have the time.
- When will that be?
- Well talk at
ut it at lunch.
- Will we have time for lunch today?
- We'll make time.
- We'll see.
- Yes, we will. Now we've
,ot some work to do.
-	Your project will be very valuable to us, Professor Venor. A lot of
foundations are going to look for projects dealing with American
history.
-	My editors are likely to publish a double issue of "US” with an in-
depth analysis of some American communities,
-	And you will go to those communities and study them from the inside,
won't you? I'm sure you will leave no stone unturned and hand in an
excellent paper, Professor.
68
deeper,., nothing fess thMihe soul of America
2,5, Focus On Certain Peculiarities Of Shall'.
If we accept, we respond saying:
If we do not accept, we respond saying:
l/we'd rather you/we didn’t.
2.5.2.	Make short dialogues combiaing the followhg utterances or your own
ones;
e.g, - Shall I set up a photography exhibit?
- Please do.
•	Shall I answer the phone?
- Yes, please.
-	Shall we discuss the issue at stake right now?
- No, I'd rather we didn’t.
«Shall we cancel the appointment this afternoon?
-	Shah 1 use my own car?
-	Shall I do only a quick once-over job?
-	Shall we take a suite at the Brown .Palace?
-	Shall I hand in. my paper in a month?'
-	Shall we start a large-scale enterprise- in adult education.?
-	Shall we plan our campaign now?
2.6. Review Some Of The Past Tense:
2,6,1.	Recall be In its past forms;
was, were:	I was absent from class yesterday...
You were absent from your lecture last week.
He was rather busy all last month.
We were happy to meet our friends at the party last
night.
You were happy, too.
They were late for the reception.
2.6.2.	Answer the following questions:
1)	Were you businesslike when at school?
2> Were you .going to launch a large-scale enterprise when, you were fifteen?
3)	Were you fondof learning when you were in the fifth grade (fora)?
4)	Were you absolutely happy when you were in your first year of study at
University?
5)	Were you present at your last lectare on math?
6)	When were you present at your English class last?
7)	Why were you absent from your last class?
3.6.3. Read the dialogue; specify how many people are speaking; convert it
into a story using the past tense; make use of the q uestioas givens
-	Who's Tarzan, Mr. Archister?
-	Oh, it's a story. This is a great white ape, supposedly on| hundred feet tall.
-	Thai's right. He’s half man, half ape, bat white ...	... do you
know what I'm going to do? I’m going to shoot and sluff him. and then
hang him on the wall of my club. He is going to be my trophy.
-	You will not do it, Junes Parker!
-	Isn’t it going to be good, Jane?
After E R. Btttroughs
1)	What sort of creature was Tfcrzan?
2)	What was James Parker going to do?
3)	Who was against James Patter’s plans?
2.6.4, Read the text and discuss it in a dialogue using both jhe present and
past tenses; make use of the hints given: , ( <$, д
James Loran was the адп of two H^rty, immensely wealthy parents. His
education was properly Eastern EsSttsttMt: Andover and Amherst, with the
proper expectations of a Manhattan^^d^oftssiija - banking, brokerage,
advertising. He was unlikely to deviate 'from this p®nts^''”
1пе#ЙиЫу, James’Cwan whose academic rerert ywienttemanly but
и^’,ж г-’-
.7\
hardly sttplrio^fcended Columbia University’s gSuatlsSfool. He was going to
lemic
Hint 1. James Loran is a recognized authority in his field now and has
an enviable reputation in the academic community. Two of his current,
colleagues arc talking about him, one of them is definitely envious jrf/
Lome's career. Try to reproduce their conversation.
You may make a dialogue like that:
- There he is!
%. %,. ъ
Hint 3. Manhattan is an island in New York Bay at the ritaitl of the
Hudson River. Manhattan is the business and cultural centre of New York
ge is and where the World Trade Centre used to be;Fifth
City. The businessarea is centred on Wall Street on the southern «nowhere
the Stock Excfiftge is and where the World Trade Centre used to be. Fifth
Avenue has many expensive shops and department stores. There are many
theatres near on Broad way, Manhattan has several important museums,
including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which is on the edge of Central
Park, a wry large green area in the middle of Manhattan island. Harlem, at
the north end of Centra! Park, has cheap housing, but other places in
2.0. Give more emphasis or add. new nuances to the fbltowing statements.
. / -
• .Л'. /л-
шыШгй
Ma ке use of wppowdfy, imriutnsefy, property, Inexplicably,
М 7..
7.
г
|В»6*6* Complete the sentences tisfag nyertor, шюш* enMfy ша1Ау*
Сфеи»Ш wewifBM	Soae of the® are to- be used
jHiOiTiJi

•2.6.7. Consider sole, solefy, whole, wholfy as well as wholly anil solefy.
etimes their meanings are alike, and sometimes not. Bfatinguish between
fit
strte- the only one, unique; solefy-only, exceptionally
whole- all, total, complete, entire, having all proper components
wholfy ~ completely, totally, fully
wholly and solefy - excluding other things, entirely
Г-i-
Л.
В
10
L*V'
A quorum for the purpose is to consist of two thirds of the ... number of
trustees.
11. James is likely to be the"... owner of this property.
2.6,8. Complete the sentences using enterprise(s), stuff record, expectaita
faculty, ШдЬЫняеМ, (the) EstaMisEment, P^P^P^ . t ?
stutt . Fro»- Л
I.	What’s this stidgy ...% the glass?	’ yi
2.	His ncw/ff^afetaurant on Fifth Avenue, was a complete Mure.
3.	The*^f*oFthe Brannon Institute was a big event itahetown.
4.	Such experiences are the very ... of life.
5.	Smalt^’W^n taprmant part of the economy.	|
6.	Your acadefiiSavfiB'is'alstJtq^e a member of the
7.	I’m unable to'carry all ту^Шой,
8.	Contrary to ail ^fftywas able to pass her exam.
?. ... is likely to control public life in any advanced country.
10. Tom's academic Kf-Whs very good. He was likely to have proper career..
1!. A high-caliber. ... like Loran is sure to get interested in the project
~ j sUU
2.6Э. Read the following state inert ts and exp lata the meanings of the
italicized words; make use of the prompts below.


I, Don’t «^anything else in, the tag is foil,
2. I’d like some cheese-stuffedpotatoes. U'4	1
You will see some stuffed animals in the museupi
4.	Let’s buy a staffed animal for the kid. >
5.	Allan is about to quit working.	tay*'
6.	We’re going, to support the project	-
7,	He is unlikely to deviate from his schedule, t
8.	Don’t tell me we only got. powdered Mi#for cream. I hate it
9.	It’s a great stuff, both then and now. -Lo«U. x *
% .>
Prompts: approve of something and help the success of something; moveaway
from; put, push (into): filled with (something), with somethinggn; dead animals
with their skin filled to make them took real; a stuffed animal ~ AmE - a soft toy;
to stop, to give up; substance, often food; books, articles, etc.
2.6	.10. Make a story of year own relying on the issues considered in 2.6. and
making good use of the vocabulary.
2.7. Revise Some Medals;
74
2.7.1.	Review be able/unable to do, be dttowe&permltted to do, be llkety/unUkely
to do$ match up parts to make meaningful utterances:
1)	If you are iteent from more than one class....
2)	While we are here...
3)	If you work harder....
4)	We will be able to evaluate the facts adequately....
5)	Was he really unable to do anything himself....
6)	If it is necessary....
7)	If the competition is very tough ....
8)	When Ron was a freshman...,
9)	If you fell your ecam....
10)	With the proper expectations of a business profession ....
... you won’t be allowed to take it again tote term,
... he was not likely to care about his study.
... I will be unable to get a part in the show this term; I am not so good an
actor.
... I will be able to consider all the sides properly.
... when he was the Director of the Institute?
... James was unlikely to deviate from it
... if we look to them property.
... you will be able to pass your exam in physics.
we are able to help you any time.
... you are unlikely to pass the course.
2.7.	X Review modals; read and answer:
Dorothea Dcverell is responsible for administrative work at the
Institute. She is in charge'~S”ScfieMng lectures, chamber music
concerts, art exhibits, trustees' meetings, charity functions, luncheons,
receptions, and many other
aeganqus events at the саттипЛу-швЛеЛ
К Wi-Л^мИц, w.
What is Dorothea to do at the Brannon Institute?
What sort of events is Dorothea responsible for?
Ought she to enjoy many gregarious events at the Institute?
What is another description forgregortow event? (sociable or social)
Gregarious person? (sociable)
Are you a sociable person? Are you able to enjoy gregarious (sociable,
social) events?

75
Dorothea is in charge of scheduling lectures.
BUT: She is to schedule lectures,
She is responsible for arranging meetings.
BUT: She ought to arrange meetings.
Rephrase The Sentences Using Be To, Be AbWUnablt To,
Due To;
Ought To, Be
I) Miss Deverell is very good at arranging gregarious actions.
2	) Janes Loran was capable of consulting on any issue in his field.
3	) Mr Merdodc is charmingly incompetent. He won't do anything without.
his assistants.

4	) These projects are very valuable to us. Many foundations are going to
support them, in my opinion.
5	) The classes will begin at 9; so you will come in time.
6	) Be careful! Don’t make a mistake!
7	) The secretary's duty is to come to the office at 8 in the morning.
2.7,4, Practice dialogues interpreting the given plot:
-Hi!
What’s that? Your lecture notes?	;
No. It’s going to be my course paper.
Course paper? I have no idea we are to write course papers this term.
Kidding? It seems you are not very particular about your study hare.
Actually, I am. I am not aware of the course paper, that’s all. You’d better
tell me what ft is all about.
Well, to begin with, you are to consult your adviser.
My .adviser?
Only don’ t tell me 'that you have no idea you are to have an adviser!
But this is true! I have ... I had no idea about any adviser.
Now you know.
And who is my adviser?
Pr. Johnson. He gives us lectures on statistics. He is my adviser, too.
Is he? So, we have the same adviser.
But different subjects. If you think that I am going to
are wrong. I am not liable to help you.
,ive you my notes you
I
-	Why not? Am I not a good friend? Aren’t you due to work with others?
-	With others, not for others, mind it.
-	Come on, we are due to be humane ...
-	Oh, we are, are we?
-	... compassionate, reliable and giving, and ...
-	Good persuader! Forget about my notes. I am going to give you some
advice instead.
-	I’d prefer the notes.
-	It’s out of the question, so forget it. Now listen carefully. First of all, consult
Professor Johnson and choose your subject as soon as possible.
-	This advice isn’t worth much.
-	Take it or leave it. You are about to miss your last chance to save your
reputation in the eyes of our adviser. So you are not to procrastinate.
-	Well, what am I to do first to save my reputation?
-	Specify your subject. Do some research and specify all sides relevant.
•	How am I to learn what is relevant to my paper?
-	You are sure to know when you reflect on it. Trust your intuition.
-	Intuition? Is intuition really relevant to writing course papers?
-	Hypocrite! You know it is. To be conceptual and depend on logic, you are
to study many books. We aren’t able to find the time for it, as you know.
-	Is our adviser liable to approve of... an intuitive approach?
-	Why not? Professor is open-minded. He is certainly able to understand any
ideas. We are allowed to establish new points of reference. The necessary
evidence isn’t difficult to find, say, on the Internet.
•	The problem is how to obtain proof to the ideas you are going to build up.
-	To prove them, you are to know mathematical methods well. Are you good
at them?
-	No, I’m afraid I’m not.
-	I’m not good at math, either. This subject is hard for me to acquire. So, 1 am
going to make the most of what I know well.
-	Right. New methods are too conceptual to study them right away. No time
to acquire them. I think 1 am to take your advice.
•	Good. Maybe, I’ll give you my notes.
2,8.	Learn:
Infinitives (Го-infinitives or bare infinitives) always come after modals. To-
infinitives follow be due, be able, be unable, ought. Bare infinitives come
after can, could, may, might, must, should.
So we use couU for general ability. To describe a particular
Situation, we use иш/wre «We to... or managed to (not co«W):

Cafft and шиЫпЧ	sorfiethfag is impossible
BeлЫе to n	Шcam
%.
can ш швШ	&А. мши йь
f
Brian may be able to help you, or
The negative forms are may not aod tniglti not/auglun 'I
James and Susan mast be in class now
You mustn't start a useless discussion now (so don't do that)
We can also use ought to instead of should because both of them
mean actually the same :
2,8.2. Make sentences using can/caaVcouWctfiildn4t
1)	Can you do research?
2)	Can the results of your research always 'be certain?
3)	Could you implement your scientific project if its results are promising?
4)	Could you assign the right people to your scientific project?
5)	Will you be able to give a presentation of your implementation when it is
necessary?
6)	Could you remember what the last presentaiion you attended was about?
7)	Could you remember all the relevant Information when you were
listening to the speaker at the last presentation?
2,8.5.	Complete the sentences using may artnlgUi
1)	If you order laboratory equipment you ... (pay) in. stages.
2)	With a spot of luck we
(be) on our way home before the day is over,
3)	... 1 (switch on) the radio?
4)	Sometimes a business deal... (go) badly,
5)	OccasionaHy you (not/нике) the right decision.
6)	You... (noVknow) what is on his mind.
7)	Where is Roger? ... he (be) in the main campus? What do you think?
2.8.6.	Make short dialogues of your own according to the patterns;
-	May I take part in the presentation?
-	Yes, certainly.
(Yes. you may.)
(By all means do.)
-	May we have a look at your papers?
-	No,. I'd rather you didn’t.
) (No, I can't agree to that, I’m afraid).
2.8.7.	Advise your friend(s) (wlteigutt, partners) to do something (not to do
it). Use should or aught to,. Be careful to say:
You should trust your own intuition. (NO to)
BUT: You ought to trust it.
You shouldn't start a useless discussion now.
BUT: You oughtn’t to start it now.
Make Dialogues and Develop Your Meas Further:
to keep (his, her* their) aj
intments;

to be more particular about (his, her, their) business/scientific projects;
to approve of the new project;
not to be that excessive;
-	to consider all the sides of the matter;
•	not tojrpconsidgr (his, her, their) decision;
*	to evaluate all the facts;
-	not to tabs everything for granted
-	to be more sensible (reasonable)
B8.8.	Say what Ле person in question should do/shouldn't do or what should
be done/shouldn’t be done in the situations outlined:
e.g.
Jack says: "This job is too demanding to do it every day."
You say: "Jack should be more hardworking, I think" or
"He shouldn't be that lazy."
1.	Our colleagues are too resaved and too careful to make a decision right
away.
2.	Bill is still undecided whether to accept the job or not. There isn't much
time left to think h over.
3.	Mr. F is good at doing research but he is a bit too flexible.
4.	My friend always spends his money lavishly.
5.	Dennis has a foil schedule on Mondays^ It is not reasonable for him to
plan anythin®
6.	Gary's quicKWhpCTwili get him, tn trouble some day,
7,	Harry Is going to buy some new- shoelaces before his break.
&8Л Complete the sentences using m«sr or be bound to, both positive or
negative; be bound to might also be used to the present and past.
Roy is very upset. He... have trouble.
2.	Mr. Daniels ... be at Chaiottesvi 11c the day after tomorrow. Not one day late.
Ж The ruling idea of his life was that he ... to show his gratitude to people who
к Unfortunately, we ... to cover all.expenses ourselves.
Mr. Daniels... take a suite at the Brown Pal».
The competition for parts in the class play ... be tough this term,
*s opponent
As an administrator, Dorothea
to admit that Professor had his merits.
set up art exhibits at least twice a year.
83
9. Mr. Archfcter ... to say that Tarzan was aflgiwtof someone’s imagination.
10. The foundation is unlikely to support the project. It,.. be simply a matter of
rtiyngy.	..
1 1. if Dorothea is in charge of administrative work she ... like it
12. In my job I... to take frequent business trips.
2.8.10.	Complete the sentences using the models preseatedt
iS ikw I A-w..A. F
'(not) deal wifflhe orders efficiently.
Frankie
I need someone I
4
5.
.6.
7.
8.
9,
you call me back i f I' leave my number?
We ... grow, we ... (not) afford to shrink, (a business rule)
'The best we
I guess we ... pack now. There’s not much time left.
When you are a big shot, you... (not) always choose your friends.
Who... schedule lectures next semester?
10,	Because both of them were in a bit of clifflculty, they
understand each other.
11.	Your suit is ten. yean out of date. You... buy a new one.
12.	Fm no more naturally sociable than you.... I miss the party this time?
13.	We ... (not) procrastinate this research project. It’s far too important.
14.	This is something you . understand.
2.8.11.	Make sentence wing core and multi-word models. :
I.	Statistics show that lucky people. ... to trust their intuition.
2,	To improve your paper, yoiA.? establish some new points of reference.
3,	To write an adequate college application essay, one .... to emphasize
static observable qualities that show one’s distinctive personality
X' Joy Ж me a favor?

ЫИ? "?

7,. We have certain roles to observe. We
8.	'to? 1 have a piece of paper?
9.	«4 help you?	... ..
10.	Pr. Quin isn’t here. She be still in the lab, or she ... be at feme.
11.	Jack is always even-tempered and tolerant of others. He ... be a rare
and fortunate person,	rito^'A
12.	If you want to see the manager, you ... hurry. He ... to leave.
13,	I'm really surpnse^that Kevin is absent from oar meeting. There Л!
be some reason. He С! ШШр!у/пЛ) know.
> . .
2.9. Practice Some Interrogative Patterns.
1S.1.	Respond to At statements.	J
Mind that questions like that are not asked to get information but are used
to express your reaction to what has been said. Such questions are called
echo questions. In particular, they may show your interest, surprise, etc,
-	Human nature is much the same everywhere.
-	Is it?
•	Young men are often obstinate.
-	Are they?
-	Charles would rather go home.
-	Would he?
-	One should be prepared to take risks sometimes.
-Should he?
1,	You are almost half an hour late,
2.	Mary may keep, the book tor seven days.
3.	The only place to work in peace is the library,
4.	Julia was absent front her last English class.
5.	He is awarc.of his good looks.
6.	itjs up «дам.
7.	All of them were in a very nervous state.
8,	There is something to talk about,
9.	My mind
10.	There is a c«toMn'fiss6tewhere.
11.	There was a silence after Joyce said that.
12.	You will speak first.
13.	There may be some financial arrangements to make,
14,	You ought to believe it
Ж9..1 Respond to the negative statements:
/// k-
-1 wouldn’t miss your party for the world.
• Wouldn’t you?
-Can’O?
- There is not any evidence.
- isn't there?
MIND CONTRACTIONS: isn’t (is not), aren’t (are not), wasn’t (was not),
weren't (were not), carft (cannot), couldn’t (could not), won’t (will not),
shan’t (diall not), wouldn't (would not), shouldn’t (should not), mightn't
(might not), mustn’t (mist not), needift (need not)
1.	The children were not in the room.
2.	There is not a soul in the place now.
3.	Their methods aren't scrupulous.
4.	It's not up to me to decide.
5.	He wasn’t speaking fa all of us.
6.	Joe will not write any not® in textbooks,
7,	You shall not make remarks like these.
8.	You must not interfere.
9.	They needn't worry.
10.	I’m not very fond of staying in other people’s houses, j
  :  & : :”
.• :-M	.	. 'i " 
ЭЗ. Read:
Й

t W.f if i j
Then conversation at die table shifted suddenly, like a landslide, and within
seconds the subject was the
,..,. Mss. a jtew member of th	___ 
to Dorothea, when they were together.: He was also fond of
talking behind her back to other members of tire board and to the director,
Mr, Morland, The point was that Krauss had his own candidate fa the
directorship, a nephew-ta-law currently working'jtfThe Whitney Museum.
This was part of his campaign against	he was clever enough
er taking over the
He would not trust her, he had
a Brannon Institute. Roger
,'was condeBeSftng or
directorship, he said, was ideologic
several limes declared, not to "subvert" the Institute for her own political
2.9.4. Imitate scraps of conversation at table using patterns of 2.9.1. and
2.9.2. Yea may begin your dialogue tike this:

3.	Will you go anywhere for your next vacation?
4,	May students miss classes?
5.	Is the establishnenti»iisidare<MJ?e tad?
6.	Must you makgjiiH»amtfecigigjg..gwte often?
7.	Are you always particular .about your projects?
8.	Will you consult a recognized authority if you are to make an important
decision/
t. Are you liable to take everythin
for granted?
10.	Is any foundation going to support your project?
11.	Was your .academic record superior when you were in high school?
12.	Are you open-minded and acquisitive of new ideas?
13.	Can you implement new scientific projects?
14.	Is it easy to understand grammatical rotes?
2.103 Practice IFH-giestions (information tjiestioBs):
Patterns: - Why was Dennis going to launch, a large-scale enterprise?
- What is Vice Dean in charge off
- He is in charge of scheduling lectures and classes.
- What time is 'the conference?
- At 10 tomorrow 'morning.
I,	What are you especially fond of?
2.	Why are some people procrastinators? ::
3.	Why isn't Roger likely to make decisions quickly? (Perhaps,... .)
4.	'What is any researcher good at?
6.	What kind of person is a real detective? A good researcher? A good boss?
7.	Are you fond of gregarious events at your department? Why? (Why
not?)
8.	Why should people try to make the most of themselves?
9.	Why can't business companies afford to shrink?
10.	What time will the classes begin tomorrow?
11.	What are you responsible for?
12.	How can one acquire a good reputation, in the academic community?
dissemtion/thesis, etc.)
14.	Who is in charge of scheduling lectures at your department? .
15.	What is the business and cultural center of New York. City? |%а*ЛдУ
16.	Where will you go for your next holiday?
2.1	0.4. Study the following note and make questions using the prompts:
NOTE. Making a statement, we say:
Any researcher is good at logic.
The eta will begin at 9 tomorrow morning.
We should implement our project.
That is, the subject comes first and the predicate follows it.
To make a question, we are to 1лшЛш^е Ле positions of &e subject and
the word coming after it:
Is any researcher good at logic?
What time will the classes begin the day after tomorrow?
Why should we implement our project?
MIND that we interchange the positions of the subject and the word coming
right after it when the latter is one of these:
it
arc, was, were, shall, wiU, can, could
ought, would	<
ay, might, must, should
It is hoped that you are well familiar with them now.
Now make we of what you have learned:
I .You could see me any other time. (When exactly....)
3.	George is a drifter, nothing organized. It is difficult for his friends to
follow the logic of his life. ( Why...,)
4.	You were to know of our arrival. (How... .1...,)
5,	I was able to live on the fee for writing a gossip column in a local
6.	The news rfp^feilurewill soon get about. (How soon....)
7.	Fred can I»nMe1oiO?BSues during the day. (How many..)
8,	Not much time is left to complete the research. (How much ....)
9.1 oughtto.get.uilQu£Lwith Michael. (When ....)	'A
10. We all must stick together, (Why ....)
89
о
MIN'D? The last four questions are not about the subject
Now Make Questions Using Who.,./‘What,., t
Pattern? This description is not convincing(oan/give/another)
2.10.7 Distinguish between if and whether.
Are the students going to set up another photography exhibit?
oi
Ask the students if (whether) they are going to set up another photography
exhibit,
Am I allowed to take a suite?
Саи you tell me if (whether) I am allowed to take a suite?
We are not sure if (whether) the competition for parts will be tough this
year,
I wonder if (whether) lames will buy that used car.
But we must use whether (not if)
before infinitives: We aren’t sure whether to accept the terms.
silioos: Ths result will depend on. whether the method is
adequate.
with or nor. Ask them whether or not they will agree.
2.10.4. Complete the sentences using if or whetlteri for some items, there may
be both the choices; specify the
Й
1, We don’t know or not the experiment will be successful.
2. J have no idea1:. .'Brian is going to apply for a driver’s license this month.
3.1 am not certain T. you areable to establish a proper point of reference.
4. It is up to you to decide'ftHcyggept or to refuse.
5. The profits will depend on towe’li be able to implement an innovative market
strategy,
6.1 wonder fcyour partner is really immensely wealthy.
7.	Loren’s colleagues are not aware I:, any foundations will support their project,
8.	It is necessary to understand k. the project is worth undertaking.
9.	Professor was not sure I., his team. is able to implement the idea promptly.
2.11. Study Пил? - Sentences,
'2.1 1,1. Review sentence patterns with expletive Л«*«
There are three children in the family..
If there is anything incorrigible about our faculty, it’s Loran.
There was an inexplicable taming point in his life.
There are many theatres ой Broadway.
There is something to talk about.
There was a silence after Joyce said that
92
There may be some financial, arrangements to make.
There is not в soul in the place now.
There is awferencd room in the main library*.
There was a chance for me to get a top job when I was very young.
There were a few peculiar incidents yesterday.
In such sentences, there is an empty, grammatical subject.
The notional subject is placed later in the sentence, after the predicate
which usually implies is, are. was. were, will be, /жгу be, can be, must be
More'iytamplcsT
new institute
There may be some research projects to implement this year.
There will be some interesting Careers
Sentences with there fatrodace the idea of existence or happening.
The negative sentences with there show the idea of absence and may be
of three kinds:
(no books, no time)
rtmental library but there is a reading
room.
There are no encyclopedias in our local library. There are only handbooks..
There is no time left.
(2)... not any....I... not many ... /... not much ....
There isn’t any book stack in the hall of the library.
There aren’t any book stacks in the lecture theatre.
There aren't many people in the reference room in the morning.
(3)... is not a..../ isn’t a
93
There is not a back file in our departmental library. There are only current
periodicals.
There isn't a fax in this office
More Examples:
There will not be any interesting careers here In the nearest future, I’m
afraid.
There won’t be дау сдает...,
There will be no careers.....
There cannot be any companies like that.
There can't be any companies....
There can be no companies....
Making interrogative rtere-sentencesy we actually observe the rule
described in 2.10.4. The difference is that is, am, are, was, were, will, can, may,
must and other operators are placed before there to mark the question:
Is there anything else to talk about?
Will there be any essays to write next term?
Can there be any reliable results at the end of the experiment?
• Is there a reference room in the University library?
«Are there dictionaries in the reference .room?
- Yes, there are. There are also handbooks- and encyclopedias.
- Are there many students in the reference room (in the reading room) in the
morning?
- No, there aren’t. There are just a few because most of them are In class in
the morning.
- When are there many students in the reference and reading rooms?
. in the afternoon usually.
- Is there a little time for us to work in the reading room before the lecture?
- No, I’m afraid there isn't. There is little time left. We shouldn't be late.
More Examples:
94
Will there be any interesting careers here?
Yes, there will. The company is going to develop.
- Can there be some companies like that in the region?
- Yes, there can. There is a big market for them here.
- May there be any promising research projects?
• Yes, there may. Why not ?
2.11.2.	Make sentences with rte« using. the prompts given. Point 3 is not
Л be used every time.
I)	there is, there are. there must be, there can be, there should be,.there will be,
there was, there were
2)	certain characteristics to want In a president, some evidence we could use,
words which are impossible to translate, rules to observe, new projects to
implement, more people with good selfesteem, a discovery that had a major
effect on the treatment of many diseases, an inexplicable turning point in our
research, many want ads ' "
3)	in the text, next ye®, last term, in the past, in the future, not long ago, in
today’s paper, all the time, around
2,11.3, Make negative sentences with there using the prompts given.
Feint 3 is not to be used every time,
1) there is, there are, there must be, there can be, there should be, there will be,
there was, there were
3) a single relevant issue, prooC’popu'tar affection the candidate might enjoy,
career opportunities, any stone left unturned,. merits, reference room, companies
like that, promising, research projects
4) in this field, in what our opponent says, about the project, to the now existing
theory, in the departmental library, in this region
2,11. ,4.	Mike questions with there using the prompts given. Point 3 is not
to be used every time,
1)	is there, are there,, must there be, can there be, should there be, will there be,
was there, were there
95
2)	an area with a 'higher average lew! <>f	ve
design, any interesting projects to semiconductor wafeprocesstn^ig^^
technical careers, any manufacturing facilities to make use of, уишпУ«»еге
3)	this year, at the reception, at the Institute, than Silicon УаНеуГ’ш'Жю industrial
center, in the course of the experiment
2,11.5. Make sentences beginning with there using prompts:
1)	a reference room, in the main library
2)	many students, in the reference room, in the morning?
3)	a periodicals rack with -peri
heals, in the reading room

4)	not, a periodicals rack, in the reference room.
5)	both, reference and periodicals rooms, in the University library.
6)	people, in the reference room, alt the time.
7)	both, current periodicals and back flies, in the periodicals room?
8)	a newspaper, she If, in the reference room?
9)	a
ok stack, in the reading room.
IQ) stacks with the stock of books, in the store room.
11) Mt any stacks wife tig stock, of books, in the lecture room.
12)an issftfeft)'m t&ereadmgroom?
13) a reference library, at the Uojversity?
14) a librarian, in the reference room?
2,11.6, Practice dialogues:
-	Hl, Jimmy.
-	Hi! Glad to see you, Kathy.
-	Going to the lecture?
-	Not yet. There is a little time left, and I am going to the library.
-	1 think 1 could go with you, if you don't mind.
-	Certainly not. Let’s go together.
-	Are you going to the reading room?
-	No. To fee reference room.
-	The referenee room? Is there such a room in. our library?
- Kidding?
- 'No. Fm quite serious. There are only two rooms I know of in oar library1 -
the reading hall and the lending library. I have never been elsewhere.
I think the reference library is very helpful. There are hundreds of
Its, dictionaries, encyclopedias and what not there. You can
establish any points of reference you need for year research paper. I
can't understand how you could do without reference literature.
- Elementary., my dear. There is always a librarian in the reading room. All
you should do is to tell her the titles of the books your teacher requires.
There are ail points of reference I must know in. the textbooks.
• Was the librarian able to. find the books you needed every time?
- Yes, always. Obviously, they've got a very qualified staff
- You are lucky, then. But I’m sure this won't work when yoa have to write
a big. paper. This is when you should leave no stone unturned and tend
in an excellent piece. You will need lots oft
whatever qualified, will be able to make a list for you. You will do it
ks then, and no librarian.
- Will I? I hope this day is still, far off. So tar 1 am quite .satisfied with what
1 can have now. But I am getting more and more interested. Why do you
think 1 should attend... what is it called?
- The reference room. Because you -can develop the logical base of your
work most efficiently using its resources.
- But I can’t lake books, from Шеге, can 1?
- 'No, you caift. You should study them in the place they are.
- Then it isn't roy idea of doing things efficiently. I prefer to
wow books
from the library and study them when I have time for it.
- It's just a matter of habit Гт sure you will like it when, you try it yourself.
- OK, you may be right. Г11 try it and see what, is going to come of it
Thanks for the advice. By the way, shall I produce my library ticket to
enter the room? [.... my borrower's ticket... ,J
- 'No, you needn't.
1,11,7. Red and reproduce; describe a place (a restaurant, cafe, bar) you
like in a si
liar way:
Tj
Gerard, has fixed views about restaurants. His own business is organized
accordingly. His restaurant is ой the quay at the Vieux Port. There ere tables
outside, for the tourists. There are tables inside, for serious eaters. And at the
back, for sailing people and locals, and for the winter, when the tourists are
elsewhere* there is a bar, with booths, pictures and a stove. The food is good,
with plenty of shellfish, but. only the oysters eaten raw, not the whole lot, In the
disgusting manner of the new gastronomy.
After SJJewltvfi
Г	X.
2.11.8. Read, learn the words, and reproduce the text?
ike a similar plot of
П
your own:
There were flags everywhere, fluttering in the smal I easterly breeze. There
were, people, too. There was the usual bunch of local, worthies, standing as tar as
97
After S. Lhwelfyn
Vocabulary 'Notes:
n f i
tw О О- Ю
'tfft	Ж W'.
Sii icoo V al leyin
4)	What kinds of careers for mechaoical engineers are there?
5)	What sorts of careers for chemists are there?
6)	What may be the new technology for this area?
7)	Describe another area you know well in terms of technologies aid
careers developed there.
2,11.10.	1) Reproduce text 2.11 A. 2) Review some information about
Man hat tan (2.6.4, Hint 3). Reproduce И using sentences with there. 3)
Make a story about a high-tech area you are familiar with or an
interesting place to visit
2.11.11.	Read for further development:
SOME VAGUE IDEAS ABOUT THE FUTURE
We'know only two things about the future:
It cannot be kno wn.
It will be different from what exists now and from what we now expect.
These assertions are not particularly new or particularly stikittg. But
they have far-reaching implications.
I.	Any attempt to base today's aeions and commitments on predictions of
future events is futile. The best we can hope to do is to anticipate future
effects of events which have already irrevocably happened .
2.	But precisely because the future is going to be different and cannot be
predicted, it is possible to make the unexpected and unpredicted come to
pass. To try to mate the future happen is risky; but it is a rational activity.
And it is less risky than coasting along on the comfortable assumption
that nothing is going to change, les risky than following a prediction as to
what "must'* happen or what is ".most probable".
3M1.12.1) Reproduce and discuss the tut, 2) Describe the prospects for your
department (school, university, Institute, company, etc.) relying both
on facts and suppositions. Use the patterns given in 2.11.6,, 2,04 and
2,11.9. 3) Make dialogues discussing the same.
51*12. The Words You Are Supposed To Know:
Лини . отсутствроижй;'be
fl|KyrCTBOB«b
«teeinfety - «М»ИЖ Й01»СТЬ|О
•leerdiiigly - шотвостмж»
•tattiitfer -обвжиять
wkiewledge “ арвзвавггъ. примаж
жжвврждаж выражать блатолар-
fteress - «анротй»
aetwity - детежиоеть
(вош
в
У) - обршйагьо к
addressee - тот, к дему дора.щаия'ся,
адресат
admiBisiratiw - админ.истратевта.Й
ldV2BC«d * ЯСрСАЖОЙ, Ире1>2ССЖ»ИЫЙй
развитый, оршвииутый
adi^rlbtag - реклама, рекламное дело
advisable - рдамендуеммй, «еяесообразный
adult - взрослы!:, взрослый человек
ifford * позволить (себе) чед>
aftert - ill -..» де и.це концов; be - *
етрсмйтвсм к чед,« пресждовать (цель)
igitasti прошв, вопреки; be agatast - быть
дротов
ар - дезршж. жмедноха
agree - сеглштася. договариваться,
сходиться в ыисииж усдемтыде
деговорйтыж принять условия (W);
содтвс-гстаовяггь. гари лировмь
limtess * деодсядшЛ
also - тоже, также
atannw - бывший студент, .выпускник (pl,
aluittiti)
antassador * посол:
anilpb - анализ: in. Л.е list *« в шненуом
счете, .в шшш тиш
attgry * сеадйтыйлразгаешайный
жоЛсг * еще один, другой
aitfeipitc: « ожидать, яредмдвь
inywhere - где угодно, куя» ушдао; nw*
нибуды к:уда-н«вр;ь
аре - обоъяиа
apoltigfae (ВгЕ) - apotegtae (АжЕ) -
нзвиняться
1ри10Л>'. «язвшжиис
.appear - появляться-; казаться
apply - обрадажи с иросАж,
sTpocBTiXforJ; for 1 job - йодажь
заявдение о приеме на работу; жпопьзовать,
яримспяты упсутрсблять для Члл., (to)
approaefc. -• подход (к
иго ^область, райощ пдещадь,
rippcTpaiJCTBO, жжа
вr<wrtl - кругом, .вокруг, иоблизости: all - ’
гюааоду
arrival * нрибытиеед-риом
art - Hcicvccrw
as - как. в «честас, так :как, когда
assert»» - утвфжжиие.
- десоимировать.. жшжч
i грисосдинятьс! (witb)
ажвадр(йш • яредположеаие, донущеимс
attempt - «оййгго; иытжгься
«lent toil * .внимание:
atrthw * автор:
atitebtograpWcal > авто«0Граф«чсск.ий
average - средний
wire: be - (of). - жаты опознавать
tack. * задняя, более удалсиия «ты
в»й план; at the - - сзади, дшшиж.
подальше; сзади:, позади, обргте,: назад;
стена; ttlfc. beb:M ene*5 - - говорить ад
енжюй, ржпрстрадт слухи о к, ад
tally * плохо
band - оркестр
taktog * бакковсюе дело
tare - лишенный чедь, едва достточиыЖ
ШШШШШШЙ;. голый
tase  * основа. база, базис: шшшшъ
tasfc.a:tly - в основном., «о существу
bay - бухта, залив
И after * иметь в виду, хоти стать,
преследовать цель.
ЬеааЙЛ! - красивый^ ярехржный.
йшнве “ Стать., стедовиться; -to -
яодВДИШ йИЖЙ*- (об ОДЙЖДС И Т,Й.,.)
(Ьесаиж Ьетггш)
begin - патент. (began,. begin)
bet - держать «рж бнтмж об заклав
ручаться
tatter ~ лучший еду we; former tor worse
- Ш шш нйаче; в- счастье к в несчаггк в
радеет» и. в горе
between - между, посреди
Ml* cwt
biological - биологичетиЯ
birtbday * жйь рждовкж
bit ’ ивм«:0гоед|уть*чутведебольшре
коиичеот»; ww (of)
black. - черный
Boiri «• сжт. коштет
beat - дедка, корабль, суио
taont * шумвха,. шум» ршама; бые^ийй
подаем; ©ораторский крав, микрфсжиый
журавль
boeft * жМйня бул»
border * гракима, предо, гравь; «г the >
за гранью, зв пределами	
bored: be * - пр&вт в шшшв. скуки
i/ида раздржевм; get - приходить в
тжееоостЛйиё
taring * кадоедливый. нужный
borrow * брать ш время, одалживйш
100

daigereas - опжиый
1ии...- деии; vfce** - замсстижш .декана
i«t»l * нршшжый
йш!а« - заявлять, объяшдаъ
ittp - глубокий
icfleittly * эдрежжюж towo
departM€« * факулмет, отдел, отжледж;
деяартамеат, управление
й«раг1®елШ1 - факудьтетежий,.
кафеарш1.Ы1Ы1, :ведомствеааый
dtpib. * гаубма; in** * глубожии,
гл.уб:ийный
i-eseriptieii - онределение, описание
iesiga * коастошиш кожаджраваиж.
пректироваиже; dfebdrhe
жштруироашше: ди.ско»о»в
1 «tri - жсеерг, спите блюдо
detail - жтаж иодробаосгь.
detteti w - сыщик, детектиа;, жгсггивяый.;
детективяый роман ш« рассжаз
dewetop - ₽жфабжмвтй роамвать
<iwefo:p®€fl.t - разработка, развитие
* омежтея, уходить, уоонггмя:
dicOtiiiry « словарь.
dificttity - трудное»
diiiier -.обед
•director “• директор
-directorship - должность директора,
директорство
dbsgrceineiit * несогласие., рвзнопжис
disbelief - некерис
diw««iew дейсуждечж, дискуссия,
dbsertitha - диссертация
dlrtiiifftifeli * отличать-, различать, нроаоджь
.грань, отделять (hftweei)
|>ЫД -:  Д1IIC (даа«си|ж$оиукленновая
киоюта, идсиижь генетической
«формапни и км-гке)
1о«Ме - .двойной
drift - плыть но TCWiwio
drfnl - нить- «ОйМгаА)
drIw  йсс1 и, .1 фиведить » движю I ие,
я рани ть, унрайлямл: What	him so rrwchf -
Что им так .движет? {dowct driwB'J
driver * и,ь':1итеяь
drop- ’ оросаж ронять
drtig * маркотик, лсоретво
dity - дом. обианють
«гв » зарабждаап
earth -дем..м
sa«t -- - восток; воетоадый
earterty * вост очный; н шшошюм нанра*>
жнни
«I - есть (atereateii)
е cttotrfc - ж€1вятр.«»ы.й): страниай
eceortrfcity - ортшость, эксцентричность,,
оригинадытость
ейю- - ж.о, отражение
fiiy * €Л0йИЬСЖ.ВйТЛЬСИй ждать около
2ЙМ|е - край, стык,, кройка, гр^имж
“"ПйШг * издатель; редактор
eiiotta * образование
effect - резулыж. шсдсиие, (юздействж
влияние
efficiently * дейетвенао» квапиф-ицирваано,
В:ЫСОКОП:р0-ИЗВ0ДйТеЛЬИ0
elderly - иожижж врекдониого возраста
elect - выбирать» избирать (шшши)
electwii - выборы
dcinoitary - простой, злшемрний
eligible - пжюпршжый, имеющий право I»
чдец таходашш»
ehortere - где-нибудь* куда-нибудь» в
другом. месте
empiasb * дж«ркиваи.ися ударение.
акцент, вшелеииш give - - придать особую
»ь|
€®р1у - ПОСТОЙ
encyetopeefe • жеода
е»4 - цель-; ковш.
вв|1й«г * инженер; mecbsBical * *
ИЙЖПф’ЖЖНЖ
fitter * входить; поступать
enterprise » оредяриятие
f itbistef« - энтузиазм, ждушевжж
ewhble - завидный, вызывающ» зависть
en vfons- - заж,дужйпиЯ,. завистливый (of)
envftwtewirt - ожружшонш среда,.
обстановке
fqBipiweat -- оборудование
especially - особен»
estafelttb®«l ™ госйожтвукйщи веруй»,
правящие круги, жоисервативиис зжмеитьь
истаблидамевт; создай ие, освожаие»
устаиовлёние
1-ягере - Ёврда
ewi - даже
event * событие
everywhere -™ жадв, повскиу
exactly * тотнр, именно
еха®... мезажи (соф. examfaatta)
mmwaihn - зк зам»; жмедование,.
йзучшж обсадоваиие
емейшг - отличиый
«шьиосЖ вшчермиу»
Ий
10-2
excessive - чрезмерныйj безудержный...
неуемный
octamge - обмен; биржа: stock * -
фондовая биржа
tidtieg » зшватьшющий, увлекжелыгый.
вшшуоадй
first - первый, периостедонмий; прежде
веего, в первую ачереж
ix. - устраивать, рещиж уетамвливать,
опрделжть; закреплять
txciwe
ИЗВИНЯТЬ, и
шаж служить
опражвию
eifcibii - показ., жаюзвдиж аыстажа;
экспонат
exist * еупветмюать
existence - еуивствоваиие
expect »ожидать, р»шшъ
ех
- ОЖВДШНЖ
expense - расходи зри».
exptaiwe
* дорого!
expertace * опыт: случай, приовчонж.
o-miw
expletive - вешвасю, моусгаеи сжмо
(фомм.)
ехрг» - выражать
«temporhe - »Мйрд«иэи.рвать
eitrenely * чрев1ьиайи.о
Лое- лиши мажодижж стоить перед ч.^
^сшясивжгкя с
fetter - рояе1зать£я« кодъжате!. т|)сиетать
feetts - соердотачяватьеж (о-в)
fttatJ: -be^ -af - любить м.., увлеотвея «<:,.-*х
foed - еда, продукты
foot — фут (мера.дл:и«ы); нога, студия, (pl
feet)
farce »сида, tftt - .«ммц»; заставлять,
принуждать
forgive - пращжъ (>тgave, ft.rgivei)
ftir« - феред ю»сс (в школ*)
Вии.а! * формшшый, офиовоьяьм
feriiittfa “ формула (pL жж; fcnaalae)
fortMaate «удачвьД .счасмйвый
foiaiiiiioB —фонд (о€н.<»аи»й для.
културиого, иаучного и т,п.
frobman - иовжчох, первокушнмж
frmtratfoa - разоч:арва».ие; жрах,
кршмш срыв, раатройство
facility; - средство, устройства facilities ~
ворулование; wmfctoriig **• - средства
farther - далее,- жадыве: да«1ейш.ий
ftrtite - бесаолеэйьв, ауетой., несермный
gaggle - стаж (гусей:):; гоготанье;
шужио: жошаетя
ttttoft
ли
fMfaty-завод, фабржа
facility - п:р0феесорк0»11|жпод
.состав; факультет. отделен ИО
falfarc ~ неудача, про»., отказ
gartrewmy - кулинария. гжтро«»»н
general - общий, обычный,
рася.|жлрайеннь!», оба^го харжге|ж
ЖС.ПШЯВЛЫШЙ.; - :1у - обвяно, как прааиш
far ™ далекйД дальний, далеко; * off- в
далеком- будущем; *«сШ| Малеко
идуиий; ж-* as "Нжкмьшлтак ... юж
(талжо): ж « ш роавЫс - кам мож®>
данное; такой же жак; так же .как;
* ножа
farewell - ирщаиио; say - » пшрщатьед
fast - быстрый; быстро.
fcwr (АтВ.Х fawur (BE) - услуга,
жйсзность.; Л »m«body- а --.окажть
fee - гонорар, влага
feel • чувогвовати (fel)
fct - ж», еиаш ш foot
Iftten - йжнажншь
fit - -кожшжвж жшпжгг, жж), досье;
файл (шли,); Ьа.Л. * > полшиви старых:
.перкожяесих. изданий:, газет
fcaicial - фимжоЕыЯ; денежный
gwwtic - :генетмчссми1
ря(1еи»а!у - пр-:йлич1:ый:< чеепшж
яорЖочныЖ своВствсяяый джонтльмоиу
gestere * жест, джжеяис
gigaatlc - гигжнтекай
gfa.<i; be *» радажггьоя:, быть радостным
glaace - взгляд; at (tit) first - на первый
взгляд
glass - стам»-» бокал
gossip - сидетеи:, слухи, разговоры
grab - аитяггь, схватить
grade - степень, стуиея:ья качестворанг;
оценка, отметка; шж.
gregari» a.s * об ин юн ш и й: обществе \ i ы й
groten' бакаяейаые эшары., бакажйпый
шютин» жаюо grocery store
Ш
grow * расти. развиваться (grew, grown)
fieo * .джадыяатм, угадывать
guesswork * угадывание, жидоши
hib.it -привычка
йвЛсмА «справочник
(п шшш ну ю работу J
hang -мшш аддашммш развешмвяь
(hung)
ЬжйИу - «ряд ж едай едва. ли
bate - иеоаяижгы. ж переиост.
hiirtd - ненависть
hive to - шшш. должны; I have-» go/He
has to gaf they had в go
head “ голова, глава, рукаиодитель
bear - слышать (heard)
helpful “ йожзйыи
iereiiiy - «асдаетвениостъ.
high - .высокий
hiat * ifiMCR намешать
hold - владеть, иметь, быть вяаде^адш;
держжь, удерживать, содержать. (Md)
holiday - йр«ядо нерабочий дан
шижулмнтоа
Ьа« с - ДОМ
boosing * жжшге
however * едидась тем не менее, несмотря
ив это
Шипп   чдаовечссой, евжтвсвиы!
человеку
hundred » ста cow
htirry - ДОШИТЫ. торойит 1ЖИ
tee - лсжжфожяог
Wwtogteal ’ идеодогичссжий
iwitate « (жмюжшдо зонировать, ими*
ги рсватк иожоымть
«м««1у - замечательно,. необыча.йяо:
iiwperativc •* иавс.жтедь1пЛ, императивный;
мшол я шншдителыюм иждеэт гении
УрШмЛ
iMplenitBtttta * оегншстисяис.
ВЫ1Ю Ш1 сии еь янедреяж
impicath» « яри част и осты вон«чс.1ие;,
скрышй шысж значение: ЬГ’ШзсЬй^ -
далеко ижишс шжшдо тадсясдстви!
1»р 1у ’ всдртидлйжгь, йредполагать., иметь
н шяу. оздачвтъ
importa пес  важность, «мен т:,
h с:1и.<1с •«• нжночагь. заетюшгь в сс&
и св «potent - исномясшя иый.,
I WCHHHyj ПИЙ:. 1 жспсшобиый
in«>rrig*bl:«  ндошршишЛ,. бошжжиый
irtcrerrtewatly - (поешгсшю) увеличжвэжь..
возрж™,; в возраетаюожм иорадке
ifttfastrhl - промышленный
iurficfeit нержторопвый, тпе^шшш
taBipiteabte - аеобмейммый, ниадиятный
Inexplicably - иеоШжсмиио., кеиоиятео-
iriforeal “ жформшвжый, ниофйзимь.ный
taiie - BwyrjM вовнутрь
iftsttad. - вместе (о!)
iasttate - пжтитуг
tatreiioR “ команда, инструкшж
обучи»
tastnireeBt -ннгфумешз при

integrity -Шлоеткосты чиШид шшт
intellect - жтемжт, ум;
litereiiaige - пй-ресгавяжж м«»ж> (ся)
iiterest - интерес» ииресоввть
interested; - зжижр»1втнмй;:М * ш -
и#ггфссовать€14-1.
iaierfere мешеть, служить гДжштетгеш,
нзруйшь:; вмшмваться (wltl)
hterregaitw - воярйсишливый
introdtwt - вводить, вносить, йреживжгь
inwrt - иждаретжш. лщумывжь-
invert. * иервертывать, нерееташмтв, шшт
порядок; inverted - обратный, п:ерофйугы.й
tevtettoa - приглашение
invite > ирвглвють
irrwocably * ношенио, безвшвратиа
иеобржжМ1:>лжд«ч»тел1йю
feliRtl. - остр>в
fcsae - в-ыжж: desk - стол выдачи (книг 1
биолиотекс)
jaeket - журто; жажет
pdert - ирвеыншиный, уставший, не
ор<жвй«|оошй интереса (из-за слишком
большого количества роботы, информшии: 1
joHRiil* журнал
jourBilfet- журналист '
kid * рс&жсж шутить
'tah- соф. iaboratory
labor story - лаборатория
Ыу ™ дама* ж««ина, .леди
lisdslWc ..оползень; резкое изменение
lirg® * большой
last - последний, прель®; в последки й
раз: же - нажовец;. дииться, оридолжатмя
laaich - нВ1И.й1гь, пускать в ход, открывать
lavishly - шедро, чрезмвр®
few - закон, право; in* - * ролетвеианжи со
стороны мужа ил» жены
.fcatbtr * кожа: кожаный
104
iectere -лсадиж читать лекции
legally * по засову t зажошьш обрязом»
WOKHO
teatJ * давать вжими,«ip-»i
leading library - йжеют (в библиотеке)
bt * роршаш позвожгь (let)
letter * письмо; буква.
level. * уровень:
levenge - вм|>ыод 'результат
librarian - би&»гврь-
library - библиотека
license •» лижнзм, раярешекие; irivtaf *- f
driver1! - « водительские iipasa
list - список; перечислить
lierttore * литература,
live - ж ЖЛ
tocat местный, йоожйый
lente. *• for - искать
looks. - иарушестн внешность (обыжж pl)
lost -яр», о» Ьжжотержниый,
ЖШиушжй
lot - йартйж серия; the whole * - все оодрд
tacky « удачливый,, везучйй
Iwaclt - .ясна второй завтрак
mil “ шт  
mate - главный., оаижой
majority * большинство
mike - зжгамггь (- ямЬ do яийВД
Bike «р- -	собирать; е1Л
«and- примять решение; Му mind i> made
ир. - Мое решение иримгнх
manage - управлять, шрвжшь ужвшъся
manner * манера, стижь, прием
mannfaetering - промышлоиыж
п.ртмзводствейкый; - ftellitteв -
средства прокзвшю-гва
ар - жарта (iwrp,);. отображать шртжл;
иожлирвжь.
mark -зйж?.мстка,:ошиж1;ожстжь> .
©бшиашть-
matter » жлд* вопроси ветею, материал:
иш> жжение
шез® * значить, <»!««», иметь в теу;
говорить серьезно, ждать выразить именно
то, что говорите! («want)
ж®— ушшр. ee< iiMir ч;. -средгао.
стеж by all * * жоймио, дбгжгсльжп
спосшом, .дюбвми средствами, ш
т ©и. то нм стало
seelimM - механ тески!, машиядь®;:
жштч^
ай; мшшншшт
medical * медациас1с..мй
йрвяжь соооаденме жл передачи
met age - сообшеииСч письмо,, .йослмж:
take % ** *
- .истод, способ, систола
иЬгосезт * мик^косм
microfrowsser - микрпрокесеор
middle серсдана
mile - ми» (-109 мХ морская. 1152 м
m.toaka »отабжа; ма.кс а ** - жясть
оиму: * for - о1иибоч.йо приаимать ж Ч л
л.и путать с чемь
тотедГ - мвмеит
йоге - больше, болеа более того
maraiftg - утро? tomorrow чаятра угром
mortal * С:мсртямй.| an erdiaao - --
обмкйовеаиый смертны!
»w«th - рот;, отверстие, выход; устье
much - адого (с	J: that * - так
много
явжвя - нуэей
иашоИу - конечна, жак :и оедомо

ткжйия;
природы, но природе, от j
свободно, жгко
aature - ир ирода, натура
aegat йе - отршотельный» ле саван ий
neplew * илсмянниж
BcrvoBi - aepsHbft, иерветомй
night - ночь* вечер; - самая вечером;
toswrrow - завтра «ечерм
writ ’ север
теШ	записка.; примечание, ссьижл.
у вежмлшиш - ко'недскт; .замечать*.
aotfetag - ничего., ничто
rwtfenal - квзчашиж, понятийный (граммЛ
ohjictbi.—вазражоше- (Ш)
obpetive - объективный.* жлегвителышш*
объектный,, шносшоийся к даншисивдо;
.лмчвое уестоимение в оШеггном нажже
^pSMM,)
otaerve - нмшшж жжчать
obstinate - упрямый, настойчивый., у пори hi й.
eertStoBfll - йромсходмй1й время от
времени.* отдельный, «тайный
offer
овсе«однажды: at
иредяагатм пре»женнс- .
ие^едденно; ^over  ••••• •
ржшвыЖ жратжоерчкый
epptaeat * нредаваш, оппомеит
orchestra - оркестр-
ordinary “ обучный, абыкшвсниыЖ
яафедственмыи
orgaatation - оргаижадим
105
organs - држ:и»ь®ить, устраивать
owtttae.- пажтить а обадих чертах,
иврасовать контур, сделать набросок:
пжтарожгь составжжь шт (осоД
сволые »-»цм»ж деффалш а <х);
«©ш, план, кёжтект
oetpwt “ нродаедиж произвадитстышсты
моивюеш отдача
«tri.gbt —открыто, прямо-. «ерше жад
ор»юй«. открытый
©utsMe - внеаней, наружный, повторим;
«а рйШ вне номежнм., вя< :ш пржламя
over - жш, наверху, иаверх; через: вновь,
огжж свыше, сверх; be - - истекать,
зжвммваася
е#й - сёбствеийый
oyi-ttr* устрица
package! - упжожа; разработка
хомнактностм:
paint: - рж»ть крамжамж зашаш
жжвоисъвд изображать
papers лич:ные или служебные жжужмты
ptrent: * родитель
pt ri - роль
pass - проходить, мийожты past an «s *
емгвс - сдать эоамеж wrte to •
иро исходить
past - .ироншос, гт1Ж1»о:«:жя иршлый
peealtar - особенныж свошбразный
p««liariw - особеичоста, спеймфкадосж
ха-рактернж черта
.prtoiicai - периода чесжж издание, журю
prediction -вржжтение. прогноз
prefer ’ йрвдпошгать
prepare - гО1'О»ть(ся), призд»жвта4с«>..
п:одготжли1шь(вж)
prepared - готовый, подштовжамый
prepoiitta * пужлмг(фшш)
prseni ["prmtj настоя ншй, жииий:
(pnlmj - пржтавлжж вмдвйгжь-
pwimtatioB - йрежшвжаж,
npCMiBieiiiie, шложоиаш «режншжя
pretend « ipmopmct
prerenl “Мешать, нрсдавращггь (free)
priority' - приорижт, iBpienCTBO, пордеж.
смфедаости, срачпостъ; самое шж»е
private - чвстиый
privilege - прииялегия, примуикство
probable - aej
ятн.ы1

prtbiblf *перожгно
proceisiag « обработка
prodoce * изготовлять, вротводиты
создавав ж»ы ирдиияжь
probibiiton - запрещеаие
pmst&iBg: - «одающий важэды, мио-
шобешаюадий
prtstpi » йшшжжа; йодсжазывиъ
promptly “ быстро, аеждае»Ж jpowo
poniwe-teitoa * .проижошеи|С
properly - должным «йразрй* *>* ««
pre^rty - свойство; собствениоси.
prospect - вид* панорама, перпектива; * в. -
верс:»К1ша, виды, планы иа б:удущее,
надежда
public - обшйстаеняый, госумретеенный.
pboiograpby - фотография
фотографирвание
piece - штука, явсть, .кусок
plant * растение
play - играть, сыграть
pfcnty - большое кшичетво, мвси> (of)
point - towo, место, оужт; можнт
(временя К твж, шш. суть, «ж
turniwg - - поворгаый мошит
poiitiol - имжтмчссжмй
psitioB -.далжность, нодоженнотместо
possible ^возможный
рмя'Ыу-   возможно» вероятно, жме только
л в<ямож«с1 по возможности
 ре|1<Ясс * и-очта
•^.^.gjwcr - сила, МОЩЬ ЖО1>Ж€ГИ0.4 власть
pSw-erfttl:' - -сильный, мощйый, |юту*ш.й
preefeely - точно, имшво
preii.tei.tc « скадемяе С^оиЛ
predict - црожказыай’Ь
нравншльств&а:йый; * schwl * ажры»
частное врилиджгиронаниш среднее
учебное заведёние (ш 4няй»Х беспжпда
средам юкола й <ЖЙ. Дй«а«Лй)
pobfagtton - пу<ад»шш ад
IF
ms
peblish * иубвиюватъ
pin - чистый, яростей
put «ость, подожжж п:омшш*ь.
поставить
gttriif ей. - ко1шфйми.рван»ый
gaality - качество, достоинство, свойство,
дризнж
qiiy - [kb:] - .причал, жа&ржиая:
«pit - бросать, прекраадюь, шшшь
(дий.)
фог«.и * кворум.
rack - полка, подставку стоика, стэд,
стеллаж
ragbag - всем всянинж пестрая смест,
пестрая комн»»
106


tfoket * билет
tight * тдаиА тяжелый; плотный
together * имеете, шажетно
высо:те!У»ч:и:исмзя раоота
toeel - прижономие, квазнис, монтао;
tap и * t stay in * - мжерживать «ж ие
свои, йе «игм»кй:ать»: eettaw
tmirfet * турист
white * (жлый
whole - жеь# иелый; - lot все. что есть;
вес яедрд
will * стуагалн блж дфлжжюндл f орлш
^ршшм <о лх	I - work он
Й, алй you - work он: It, too.
witftia - в прежлж^ в течение; а ршжах,
ш«р|и
wM - мир, евег: (a.ot) for the * *- ии за что
tricky * хитрый, -лавк», мудреныЯ
сложный, запутанный.
trip * лодка, иукишстаие; take а *

trophy * трофей,, добыча.
troeblc * шшж, беспокойство,
геврятаосж оожйоеЖ: проблемы
trestle - вопечимь* опеку»
«expected * даожадакивш
iroquely «особенно. необыкновенна
tiMv«ity - уиижреижт
ей jut - несправедливый
eplewaut • менрютый
иш-рrecltatel - ишредадаишй
ер it if * to- yo« - »мсж ш вас, вам
worryбес помой ство: &сяокоить(ся),
во»вать(с1 ): (with., .aboat)
worse - худший, хуже; for better or for
так ин и»чв, ж счастью или весчастьв
wont - ааихрдаий, самый ижжей хуже
всего-
worth * стоящий, заслуживающий,
име®1ди! цену :или стоимость
worthy - зиаменитежть; достойный.
wotilii * rather (da> - иреточитать
(сделать)
write * писать (write, written)
year - год
yesterday - вчрра
ys«ag - жолодой
yttittey * жяимй
решать
«less - (жжожзны!	г>/
welly * обычно
ЩШШ - Ш®ШИЙ»
wottoi - отнусж, жаажулы
vague - неясны!, смушмЖ нжжрделеввый
valley - долина
valeable - ценный
vice - недостаток, зло-, ворог
vicfo-ns - злой, злобный:, ялохой, даренный
view * точка зрения
vires - вирус
wte * го»оваиие.; голос (при
адштй cast еяЛ -
waft г - влага; нлжтадга:
watt- * ждать (for>
walk • етя шшжь, гулять, а
wall - ейва
warring ирдуирежжнив
weslttiy - сдатожтельныи:,. бо-гаты!
wear * вост (об одежж), бьиъ енжшм во
чл (ware^ won)
week аежлж
wefitty * гжежжлыш е-женедедьмый^
ежеаежй»ое мзжиие
whatever - то бы ни; же, что
109
SECTION 3
3.1.	Listen СагеСйЦу:
3.1.1.	Listening Comprehension Test: Answer List
For each item, you will see two words and you will hear a sentence which
contains one of the words. Write down the letter, A or B, of the word you
have heard in the sentence.
I.	A.cute - B. acute
2.	A.acccpt • B. except
3.	A.chief - B. achieve
4.	A.staff - B. stuff
5.	A.acccpt - B. except ,.
6.	A.weather - B. whether!
7.	A.found - B. bound
8.	A.stuff - B, staff
9,	A.expect - B. except
10.	Adnquire - B. acquire
11	.A.abound * B. abundant
12.	A.stuff- B. staff
16.	A.ads - B, adds
17.	A.ads - B. adds
18.	A .revision -B. decision
19.	A.worse - B. worth
20.	A.descend - B. decent
21.	A.worth - B. worse
13,A,sure -B. assure
14,A.approve - B. prove
15. A.aloof - B. proof
23.	A. selfish - B. shellfish
24,	A. implant - B. implement
25.	A.revision - B. decision
26.	A.particular - B. peculiar
27.	A.inexpressible -
B. inexplicable
28,	A.prior to - B, priority
29.	A.heredity - B. heresy
30.	A.neck - B. next
3.1.2.	Listening Comprehension Test; Answer List
For each item, you will see four words and you will hear a sentence which
contains one of the words. Write down the letter, А, В» C or D, of the word
you have heard in the sentence.
1.	A. sign B. assign C. design. D. align
2.	A. keen B. dean С. keep D, deep
3.	A. expensive B. exciting C. excepting D. excessive
4.	A. immensely B. imminency C. immensity D. immediacy
5.	A. gather B. leather C. feather D. further
6.	A. objective B. excessive C. decbive D. positive
7.	A. think B. drink C. shrink D. sink.
8.	A. senses В, licenses C, licensing D. utterances
9,	A. precessing B. pronunciation C. preposition D. prohibition
10.	A. either B. driver C. neither D fiver
ILA. reference B. evidence C. difference D, existence
12.	A, demanding B. discussing ('.distinguishing D, disgusting
13.	A. assignments B. arrangements C. appointments
D. adjustments
14. A, proof
. approve C. prove D. proved
15. A, French B. bench C. quench IX branch
16.	A. sensible B. .sensitive C. sensational D. senseless
17,	A. super B. superlative C. superior D. supermade
Ж A. vulgarizable B, thereabout to C. vulnerable IX thereunder
19, A. suite B. sweet C. suit D. swift
20.	A. a sense B. a sensor C. a license D. allowance
scdly B. supposed C, supposing D. suppose
nsc to B. responding C. responsive I), responded
3,1,3, Listening Comprebeusiw» Test: Answer List
For each item,. you will see two words or phrases and you will hear one
sentence. Write down the letter, A or B, of the word or phrase most closely
paralleling a word that, you have heard in the sentence.
1. A. sensitive B. sensible	2. A. able B. liable
3. A. responsive B. responsible	4. A. omit B. permit
5, A. control B. observe	6. A. futile B. future
7,A. responsible. B, reasonable	8. A.whether B. weather
9.	A, depend B. spend
10.	A. stick, together B. keep in touch
11.	A. gregarious B. public
12,	A, is apologizing. B. is condescending.
13.	A, expensive B. excessive
14.	A. advisable B. occasional
3.1.4,	Listentag Comprehension.: Answer List
For each item,, you will see- four words or phrases and you will hear one
sentence. Write down the letter, А, В, C or D, of the word and or phrase
most c losely paralleling a word that you have heard in. the sentence.
1.	A. establishing B. describing C. obtaining D. requiring
2.	A. to deal with B. to listen to C. to persuade of D. to focus on
3.	a) A. vulnerable B, expensive C. adequate D. useful
b) A. quit B, fast C. fuss D. quiet
4,	A, experience B. an exciting experiment C. an exciting adventure D.
enough experience
5,	A. undergraduate B. undertake C. understand D. underestimate
6.	A. to take in B. to call in C, to arrive in D. to hand in
7. A. contain
. explain C. report D. count
8,	A. chewing B, wearing C, loitering D. mapping
9.	A. statements B. suggestions C. objectives D. commitments
10.	A. adequate B. excessive C. gregarious D. lavish
11.	A. certain B, safe C, 'definite D. deceit
12.	A. implement B. direct C. implicate D, directional
13.	A. imaginary B. imaginable C. imaginative D .imagery
14.	A. to be effective B. to be efficient C. to be effectual
D. to be effortless
15.	A, common B. complete C, column D. compete
16,	A, attention B. banking C. brokerage D, charity
17.	A. experiences B. bank accounts C. benefits D. profits
18. A. willingly
lavishly C. liberally D. luckily
19.	k, revolve B, resolve C. contain D. cancel
20.	A. clown В, сору чС. cluster D. code
3,13.	For each item, you will Hear a sentence. Write down the letter, A or В,
which corresponds to the action which is likely to logically occur or
take place.	I
1,	A. I am going to accept the job. В, I am not liable to accept it.
2.	A. He will believe anything, В. He isn’t likely to accept things easily.
3.	A. His academic record is superior. B. His grades arc average.
4.	A. He is sometimes easy to understand. B. He is sometimes difficulty»
understand.
5,	A . You are go ing to complete the course if you attend every class. B. You
are going to pass your exam in any case,
6.	A, A realistic researcher will depend on his ideas fully. B. A realistic
researcher will depend on evidence.
7.	A. It’s likely to rain tomorrow. B. It’s unlikely to rain tomorrow.
8.	A. Mr.D. is liable to acquire new ideas easily. B. He isn’t acquisitive of
new ideas.
9.	A. We are going to approve of the concept, B. We’ll collect much data to
support the concept.
10.	A. Miss Brown is very flexible. B, Miss Brown is very reserved.
11,	A, Allan is about to accept a new job. B. He is not certain to accept it.
12.	A. We же due to discuss it now. B. We oughtn’t to discuss it now.
13.	A. He is eager to please everybody. B. He is certain of his grounds.
M. A. i am myselfi В. I am by myselfi
15. A. Occasionally we are likely to linger. B. We are likely to linger some
day.
3.1.4.	For each item, you will hear g sentence or sentences expressing a goal
and an action to achieve Jt, Write the letter, A or B, which corresponds
to the go«l.
1.	A. to blame someone B. to have ail the proof necessary
2.	A... to change our market strategy B. to increase profits
3.	A. to implement our project B. to consult an authority
4.	A, choose a better description В, understand the idea fully
5,	A, to' rest B. to do business alone
6.	A. watch expenses B. employ a manager
7.	A. to own. this property B. to please everybody
8.	A. Patrick's goal is io prevent B. Patrick’s goal is to take over the
directorship
9,	A, to establish a large-scale .enterprise B. to start a business
3.2. Read Carefully;
3.2.1 Reed the text sad study the key words or phrases below. Per each toy
word or phrase, you will set four associations of it. Write down the
letter, А, В, C or D, of the relevant association
You Must Learn To Get Your Priorities Right
At first glance, nobody is likely to have much difficulty setting priorities..
Actually, the ability to do things in the order of their importance is almost
impossible to find. Few people are aware what to begin, with when they are
facing many problems. That’s, why we ж to learn how to set priorities. We
must frequently keep many balls in the air at the same time and shift our
energy and attention to activities that will most increase the output of our
work. In other words,, we should move to the point w here our leverage will
be the greatest. The qual fay of your decision-making, is likely to depend on
how well you comprehend the facts and issues in your business. 1 know
from, long experience that ©не is not al ways able to do things in the order of
their importance, but 1 also know that some kind of plan to do first things
first is much better than extemporizing as you go along.
\ „ to get one s priorities right
to keep many balls in the air at the same time
Э
'Ш v,
2	* у у
3> to shift one's energy to other activities
4. leverage
A., level B. result C. rating D. action
.^;z
extemporize
64 go along
.Fat And Fit Healthier Than Skinny Unfit
b aware- that his research would be
3 >«»
director is aware
4 ъ % ?,

h. very smart B. very thin C> very quick. .D.« veiy busy
I, The US relies on certain democratic principles.
6, When you east your vote for someone you actually
3.2,4. Read the text and study the key words or phrases below. For each key
word or phrase, you will see four associations of it Write down the
letter, А, В, C or D, of the relevant association.
Office of Career Services and fteprofesicwal Advising
The Office of Career Services and Preprofcssional Advising is to serve
students seeking information, advice or counselling mi employment,
opportunities for future study and careers. The Career Service staff is
happy to talk. with, students on an individual basis about their plans, The
Office is also to arrange seminars at which alumni and others discuss the
rewards and frustrations of their own career fields. The Office will maintain
a comprehensive library 'Containing information on careers, specific
employers in industry and government, courses of graduate study,
Students who are unclear about the career may come in, The counselling
component of the office can assist in addressing the doubts, worries and
questioning that arc often a natural part of career planni ng,
1,. Students seeking information
A. want it B. dream of it C. look for it D. have it,
2.	The staff is to counsel students on different problems.
A,	The staff is to give advice and support
B.	The staff is to discuss students’ problems in council.
C.	The staff is to solve students' problems at council meetings,
D. The staff is to provide financial support for students.
3.	Employment Implies
A. business B. community service C. class scheduling D, paid work
4.	The counsellors are happy to talk to students on an individual basis.
A.	The counsellors talk to students, personally.
B,	The counsel tors talk to students separately.
C.The counsellors decide whether to counsel students individually.
D. The counsellors talk to students privately.
1П
5.	An alomnus (ataieni) is (are)
A.	an employee (employees) of an aluminium company
B.	a teacher (teachers) of a college or university
C.	a former student (students) of a college or university
D,	an expelled student (students) of a college or university
6.	rewards and frustrations
A. advantages and disadvantages B. .gains and fci lures
C. assets end liabilities D. benefits and drawbacks
7,	"Comprehensive” implies all except
A. thorough B. understandable C. broad D. including a lot of everything
8.	A fellowship is
A.	money given to- undergraduates to allow them to complete their studies
B.	money given to graduates to allow them to continue their studies at an
advanced level
C.	money paid regularly for professional duties
D.	money paid to someone on a low income
3.2.5. Read the text and do the assignments given below.
A new gene therapy is likely to repair human spinal eord injuries.
Using it, the researchers can now reverse paralysis in laboratory rats.
Although such a potential treatment is a long way from being 'perfected, it
will offer new promise for a currently unbeatable condition. It is
common knowledge that spinal cord injuries are sure to impair the
ability to move. Some 200,000 Americans are partly or completely
paralyzed because of spinal injuries, most often caused by automobile: or
diving accidents.
Assignment 1. Explain the outlined words through their equivalents:
1 .to repair
A. to make worse B. to put right C. to double D. to form into pairs
2. injury
к, to change round 11. to -revise CL to
4=
<r
Z instructions
1 to wall somebody off from ,
4* a high official in a. government department
5, entirely unskilled.
€. There is no obvious sign of ,
Z to- handle a. situation
и
ЗЛ Son antics And Gra
mar* м ®sts
33.1.	Rephrase the italicised words and phrases:
1.	We are uncertain about what to do.
2.	Good students are offowd to take their exams ahead of schedule.
3.	You should do everything to complete what you are doing,
4. The expert mentator ought to test everything himself
5.	John is sensible enough to accept that job.
6.	Mary is responsible for this project
?. The researcher is to be able to watch carefully.
8.	Your assistant is fairly responsive to new ideas.
9,	Isn’t he kind to people’!
10.	Undoubtedly, our new director is very qualified,
t L This is & great chance for me to see the world!
12.	It is necessary few me to analyze the data now.
13.	Is there a better way to obtain knowledge?
14.	When I graduate 1 am going to take up research.
15.	Will you really do everything you coni
16.	Mr Jones is sure of his reasons.
I?, Jack is about to hand in his essay,
18.	The problem in question is not new.
I’d prefer to worko/ene.
19.
20.
21.
I’m no more fond of social events than you are.
Dr.Ranycon is a prominent scientist.
22.	Who is going to organize everything?
23,	Mr. Desmond was the head of the international department.
24,	These two concepts are alike. How can I know which Is which*!
25.	All our attempts to predict future events are useless.
26.	George is disorganized and indisciplined.
12(1
27.	The company is about to get smaller.
28.	Franky is able to ileal with a lot of issues daily.
29,	I'm afraid I can’t allow myself to buy this car. it’s too expensive.,
30.	This is a really rare book. You can’t find it anywhere else.
31.	These statements are not especially new.
32.	We may exp eel that certain events are going to happen.
33.	In any case, I am. not liable to procrastihate.
34.	Do you know bow to choose words correctly all the time?
35.	If you hand in your paper late it won’t be wort anything.
36.	He is to make maximum use of the circumstances, 
37,	Our teem is going to do research together with yours.
38.	The man may be 30 years old.
39.	For some unaccountable reason. Jack quit his Uni versity course,
40,	Michael is & highly qualifiedresearcher.
41.	Max is a very determined man. He is unlikely to step aside from the
pattern chosen.
42.	Now we are going to arrange sn. exhibition.
43.	I’m very busy» but ГН find the time for the meeting.
44,	We are to travel an business quite often,
45.	The community won’t approve of misinfirmation like that,
46.	We are going to put our invention into practice Immediately.
47	.1 think she will accept your apology.
48.	The Grahams are going to pay their hotel bitt and leave tomorrow.
49.	There was a confused mixture of people at the reception.
50.	The museum is right on the edge of the park, (at)
51.	It's difficult to earn the money big enough to cover her needs, (with)
52.	The job of the director is very demanding.
53.	The pattern is typical of the middle class at its most common,
54.	He is an easily recognized figure in the academic community.
55.	From some utterance, a person, may guess all sorts of things which
wither the utterance nor the utterer implied.
56.	When Toni was a kid, he was able to put together a little group.
They played at school dances and stuff like that.
57,	It was pretty evident who the leader of the group was,
SB,	Your people have no idea what it Is necessary for you to reach security.
59.	Because of the conditions beyond our control. I ’ m afraid we won’t be
able to continue our talks,
60.	We are certainly going to have an enjoyable evening.
61	.1 think it’s highly unlikely for him to succeed, (He ...)
62.	Tony was the handiest with tools in our group.
63.	You must certainly attend our seminar!
64.	There is no mention of the substance in this handbook.
t |
65,	Behiftibtite-xcenes information is likely to influence the conclusions of
many people.
66.	This kind of problem can be solved bit by tit,
67.	Pr. G. started a determined attack on academic criticism..
3.3.2.	Give names or descriptiwto:
1)	facts and data; 2) a date or time before which you should do or complete
something; 3) a set of actions to obtain a particular result, esp. in an
election, politics, etc. 4) cost in money, time and effort; 5) a group of people
living at the same place and sharing, the same interests; 6) a large formal
party; 7) a student who is doing a university course for a BA 8) a very small
sei of electrical connections printed on a single piece of semiconductor
material; 9) silly and unreasonable; 10) something that needs attention or
consideration before others; 11) the larger number or amount; 12) a book or
set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular
b-ranch; 13) unsuccessful, useless, having no effect;. 14) a fact, condition or
event concerned with and influencing another event, person, or course of
action 15) a possible later effect of an action, ( decision etc. ); 16) a forceful
statement or claim; 17) carrying a new project Into effect; 18) one who. is
above another in rank or surpasses another in quality, merit or excellence;
19)	a distinguishing characteristic, distinctive feature; 20) to cause to- grow
by special attention or by studying, developing or practicing; 2!) the action
of calling something to the. attention of the- public (esp. goods or services);
22)	the highest rank representative of a foreign government; 23) a
declaration that is a formula or a theorem in an axfomatized system; 24) an
act of taking for granted or supposing that the thing is true; 25) 8 strong
persuasion dr belief; 26) an animal, person or just anything regarded as
created; 27) a contest between rivals; 28) equal in measure, extent or
degree* 29) a shop where we can buy articles of food and other goods; 30)
the obligation to do something; 31) great or absolute need; 32) a peculiar
benefit, advantage or flavor; 33) a distinctive feature; 34) something
designed or used as a mo-del for making things; 35) the state of looking
forward; 36) the surrounding conditions; 37) the stole of being complete;
38)	a Anal decision or statement; 39) something that establishes certainty;
40)	the act or practice of pretending to be what one is not, or to have
principles or beliefs that one does not have; 41) the stole of bei ng; 42) a
place in which security trading is done on an organized system; 43)
difference of opinion; 44) the head of the faculty at a university; 45) an
organization or institution established for support of r
rch; 46) one who

revises or arranges the contents and style of a literary- work; 47) a
force fulness of expression, stress or relative importance- given to a certain
•n
ШАШ-
part of an utterance; 48) the teaching staff) 49) the sum of qualities gained
genetically; 50) a right or permission given in accordance with law by a
competent authority to do something; 51) something given in opposition;
52)	a big paper written by a candidate for an academic degree; 53) an event
observed, or participated in; 54) a first-ycar student; 55) dulled by excess;
56)	an inference regarding to the future event; 57) free assistance of the
poor; 58) a display of works of art or other objects
333. Make Sentences Opening The Brackets;
I. (why/Jamcs/be going/become) a scholar although
his academic record
was not superior?
2,	(there/be/many expensive shops and department stores) on Fifth Avenue?
3.	(you/be able/complete/the course) if you don't attend all the classes?
4.	(wefts sure/evaluate) the facts adequately if we have all the information?
5.	He was a decent man, so (he/could/notfdo) anything wrong,
6.	(you/nust/not start) a useless discussion now.
7,	(you/can/notf make) the right decision occasionally?
8.	(what/you/be going/do) after you graduate?
9.	(cstablishmentfcan/realiy/support) the established order of society?
10.	(you/be able/get a top job) if the competition is very tough?
IL (we/be likely/get) a university education with the proper
expectations of a business profession.
12.	Our friend is very sociable. (hefougWnot/enjoy) sociable events at the
Institute?
13.	Excuse me. (you/could/tell/me) where 1 can find the office manager?
16. (we/can/notoafford) to shrink? (why/we/should'always /grow)?
33.4.Use the prompt in the right-hand column and figure out the suitable
derivative to complete the sentence.
e.g. You should learn how to deal with your ... problems.	person
You write: You should learn how to deal with your personal problems.
His behavior is extravagant to an ... degree.
He has no limit.
You write: His behavior is extravagant to an improper degree.
proper
Occasionally the stem might not to be changed:
123
He is notto the job.


333. Test Yourself * 1
3. Ivaiuate The Following. Situations In Terms Of IJIkelihood/Urilikelihood:
< Svalntte- The Fol lowing SitMtiens II Teres <Jf Certainty
(Uecertii aty)/Li. teliti ood (0 n lifeelib oocl>
3.	The Ива is good but not relevant to the issue at stake. It is not necessary for us
to consider it, (We ...)
4.	The project is adequate. Our team ought to implement it
5,	i am sot liable to consult an authority on the point. I’m going to make a
decision myself.
6,	I assure you these' two men are pretty obviously professional muscle,
7.	John is too conceptual to rely on intuition.
5.	Complete The Sentences Using Motlals:
2.
4.
5.
Ted is serious about everything he does, (he/not/take things for granted)
(Brian /for an increase) in pay soon.
(you/reaHy/submit) your paper before the deadline? You have little time.
Mary is joyful and playful, (she/haw/a good sense of humor),
(good studcnts/sometiiaes/take their exams ahead of schedule).
6.	(every student /know) the rules of the campus.
7,	You can’t work all the time; (you/hwe fan/occasionally).
8.	(Allan/give) his final answer in. a couple of days.
6. Complete The Sentences Using A Proper Preposition, Conjunction or
Pronoun:
I.	This grand opportunity is entirely ... your hard work.
2.	lam not sure ... to establish a new
int of reference in my lecture.
Ж
3.	.,. is in store for me in. the near future is somewhat confusing.
4.	Are you. acquisitive . . . new ideas?
5.	What is Jim particular...?
6.	Do you think the Dean is going to approve .. . the new project?
7.	What exactly are you good.,.?
8.
John is not always carefol about
... he says.
7. Rephrase:
2.
3.
4.
It is no good to put things off repeatedly. Just sit down and do it.
I really enjoy these quiet hours when 1 am by myself.
What are some dieracterfcti® to want in a partner?
fhe company is going to apply a new technology and get a 100% increase in
'profitability as the result.
5.	Hey are going to get the best advantage from the situation.
6.	Are you. permitted to take books from the stockroom?
7.	lie is very success-oriented.
8,	Any bit of new information has some ftindameatal commo» ideas.
9.	What sort of research are you liable, to undertake?
10.	Few things, are more important than good opinion of oneself
11,	The issue at stake is brand-new,
ЖЗЖ Test Yourself - 2
l. Rephrase Using Enough- Or Too Infinitive Clauses:
1.
2,.
**ХЛ V,
4.
5.
6.
7.
An active lifestyle is hard to acquire. 1 am not that energetic, I’m afraid.
Our decision is going to be very important, Il is able to revive our entire
business strategy.
Ted is busy at the moment. He has no time to reflect
Jack is very compassionate and not egotistical at all.

This proof is quite abundant. It is adequate to support, your theory
Your boss is very experienced, He is hardly liable to make a mistake like that.
Any researcher Is liable to be tough-minded and realistic. He is to get things
done.
The project is very promising, We are going to implement it.
2. Complete The Sentences Showing The Purpose:
I.	.... the speaker is to rely on evidence.
2.	Jerry is always careful not....
3.	When in class, I always watch, and listen carefully
4.	....., I am .going to do my assignments very well this time.
5.	You are to consider all the sides ... .
Evaluate The Following Situations
In Terms Of Likclihood/Unlikelihood:
1.	It is good that both the sides are able- to understand each other.
2.	It isn’t possible fer you to acquire superior academic record because you
aren’t motivated at all.
3.	Perhaps, they are on their way to our meeting.
4.	She doesn’t look like a person who is liable to leave no stone unturned in
everything she does.
5,	Maybe, your new colleague is unable to get things done.
6,	Lionel, is able to be very persuasive 'due to his charm and energy.
4. Evaluate The Following Situations In Terms OfCertainty(Uncertainty)/
i
Likelih
(Unlikelihood)’

127
5.. Complete The Sentences Using. Mo-date.
Pronoun:
If you want to sect
I
о
he manager you. are to irriB.ge a formal meetiBg,
These achievements, arc евшей rriaiiily by the innovative techniques.
3.	Arc you really able to accept things without tsWng a question?
4,	You took helpless snd uncertairt,
5,	Your adviser is going to give you a piece of work to do.
6.	The director is going to' put these suggestions into practice immediately.
7.	This is no way to show the Idea is tree.
8.	Ben is that kind of person, who does not like to
9.. We aren’t going to linger. We are to bring the project to Л:И eii'iJ.
10. This is a clear reason. why we are to refuse,
I1. Our teacher b able to make everybody believe what he is tai Wig about.
FOR TEACHERS
Script For Listening Comprehension Tests
3.1,1,
J. What a cute little boy!
2.	I'd accept this job, I think,
3.	It looks as 'if there is too many a chief and not enough Indians in this
department,
4.	You can find a couple of good articles in the last issue, but otherwise
it’s a pretty boring stuff.
5.	I could do anything except this job.
6.	. I le‘s undecided whether to undertake this project.
7.	You’re bound to have occasional disagreements.
8.	Sluff and nonsense! •
9.	They expect io pass their exam s,
10.	Our company was able to acquire new offices in central London.
11.	Questions abound as to the reasons of the President's decision.
12.	Al this school they have a staff of 30.
13.	It Is a sure sign of success.
14.	Is he going to prove it?
15.	His manner is some what aloof
16.	there are a few employment ads in today's paper,
17. This calculator adds quickly .
18	, You should do some revision for flic exam.
19	It’s well worth making an effort to learn how to do it.
20	. You can buy quite decent clothes there without spending too much.
21	, I'm afraid there may be a change for the worse.
22	. Can we implement the idea immediately?
2.	3.1 le is loo selfish to share-
24.	The idea may become a force only if you can deeply implant it in
minds.
25.	We are to make an important decision right now.
26,	There is nothing in the letter of particular importance.
27.	We were likely to agree with each other. That's why I was very
surprised at his inexplicable rebuffing.
28.	The arranging of our business agreement is a top priority now.
29.	Some diseases are present by heredity.
30.	How long will that be till the next session?
1, Can you assign the day of our meeting?
2.' Arc you going to keep your car or sell it?
13ft
*1
& %
> f 4
15.	We are all liable to procrastinate sometimes.
3.1.6.
I.	To blame someone you are to have all the proof necessary.
2.	We are going to change our market strategy to increase profits.
3.	If we want to implement our project it is necessary to consult an
authority'.
sc a better description to understand the idea fully.
5.	If you are an ordinary1 mortal like the rest of us you might occasionally
want to do things by yourself
6.	They ought to employ a manager to watch expenses,
7.	Dennis is so eager to please everybody. Perhaps, he is the sole owner of
this property.
8.	Patrick will do anything to prevent Jannifcr to take over the directorship.
9.	The team is about to Start a new business. They mean to establish a large-
scale enterprise.
KEYS
3.3.1. unsure 2. permitted 3. get things clone 4. check all out 5. reasonable
6. in charge of 7. observe acutely 8. acquisitive offreccptive to 9. humane
10 skilled 11. grand opportunity 42, evidcncc 13. acquire 14, Undertake
15. make the most of yourself/do your best/kavc no stone unturned;
16. grounds 17, submit 18. issue at stake 19. by myself 20. sociable
21. high calibre: scholar 22. emmgeZset up 23. In charge 24. distinguish between
them 25. futile 26. a drifter 27. shrink 28. handle 29. afford 30. elsewhere
31.particularly 32. anticipate 33. linger 34. properly 35. submit, a damn 36, the
most 37. in cooperation with 38. is supposedly 39, inexplicably 40. very skilled
scientist/sctolar 41. deviate 42. organize/set up 43. make 44. take frequent
business trips 45. will disapprove 46. implement [our invention.]
47.acknowlcdgc 48. checkout 49. ragbag 50. at the border
51. commensurate with 52. directorship 53. average 54. a familiar [figure]
55. infer 56. organize 57. quite obvious 58. achieve 59.. circumstances
60. definitely 61. He will hardly [succeed,] 62. bunch 63. by all means 64.
reference to 65. gossip 66. incrementally 67, launched
3.3.2. I) evidence 2)deadline 3) campaign 4) expense 5)community
6) reception 7) undergraduate 8) integrated circuit 9) ridiculous 10) priority
11) the majority 12) encyclopedia 13) futile 14) circumstance 15) implication
16) demand 17) implementation 18) superior 19) peculiarity 20) to cultivate
21) advertisement 22) ambassador 23) assertion 24) assumption 25)conviction
133
26) creature 27) competition 28) commensurate 29) grocery store 30)
commitment 31) necessity 32) privilege 33) quality/property 34) pattern 35)
expcctation/antici patron 36) environment 37) intimity 38) conclusion 39) proof
40) hypocrisy 41) existence 42) stock exchange 43) disagreement 44) dean
45) foundation 46) editor 47) emphasis 48) faculty 49) heredity 50)
license licence 51) objection 52) thesis/dissertation 53) experience 54)
freshman 55)jaded 56) prediction 57) charity 58) cxhibitioti/exhibit
Е.С, Орлова
University Universal
Курс английского языка для университетов.
Лицензия ЛР № 020024 от 25,10.1996 г.



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