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HJ1e aKql1i1 JI BpEMeHHJl1J cSU)\eTeJIbCTSa B oc06yK> KHI1ry, npaso Ha IIO- J1Y'IeHl-1e KOII!1i1 C 6anaHCa; IIpaBO Ha ocnaptfBaIDIe HeaaKfllIHl,IX 1I0CTa- HOBJIeHJli1 06r.qero co6pam1H. 138 C I1pJ-fB€.I\eHH()jj: KJlaCC!1q:.l1KaQJI€i1 IIpaB aKlU10HepoB Ha rJ1aBHble Ii BCnOMoraTenbHble He CornaCI1JICfI.n;. B. JIoMaKMH no TOtf rrpwnrne, "TO, KaK OH C'iJlTaeT, BCIIOMoraTeJIbHble I1paBa B03ID1KaIQT O.qHOBpeMeHHO JII B 1I0JlHOM 06'b€Me C rJ1aBJ1blMJL 139 II.A. PyAHeB, KpOMe TOro, BblJ\eJ1JLJJ oc06ylO KaTeropJlllO IIpaB aKL\JI- OHepoB - BTopoCT€lIeHHble IIpaBa. HalIpJ1Mep, K HJ1M OH OTHOCI1JI npaBO 6eCIIJ1aTHOrO liCnoJ1b3OBaHJ1R IIpeJ:U1pJIJilHJI aKIV1oHepHoro 06r.q€CTBa (6eClIJ1aTHoro IIOCeIl\emm 3aBeJ\eHW1 o6u..IecTBa. IIpoe3,!\a IIO mene:3HOii Aopore, 3KclIJ1yaTI1py€Moi1  Ii T.,A.). TaKJ1e rrpaaa AOJI:1KHbI YCTaHaBn!1BaTbCfI pewemleM 06r.qero c06paIDIJ'l. K :'!ToR:1K€ KaTeropJlJ1 npaB OHOTHOCI1Jl npaBo aKJU.-lOHepa Ha aaq€T eroTpe6oB3HJ1i1, Tpe60B3- HJ1f1M, n K HeM)' OOlL\eCTBOM. 3KBJ1sa.netiTHOCTI> OOR33- TeJlbCTB B 3TOM cnyqae TalOKe J\OJIiKHa yc-r-aHBBJIHBaTbCH perneHJ1eM 06r.qero C06paHI1H. 140 BID. BOJIbq:. flQIJpa3,l:I,emU1 npaBa aI-tW1OHt:'pUB Ha OT"beMJIeMbie JII HeoT'beMJIeMbie. K IIOCJIe.IJ;HJ1M OH OTHocun TaKJ1e, KOTopblX aKqI10Hep He MOJKeT 6blTb JIHIII€H IIO pelliemno 06r.qero c06paHI1H, HarrpJ1Mep, npaBO Ha ,l\11B11,!\eH,D;, Ha J1J1RSJ14I10HH)'lO KBOTy.141 G.B. Eenoycos oco6o JIHeT TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIe IIpaBa aKU!10Hep- HOro M€HbllIl1HCTBa: - Tpe60BaTb npose,l\eIDm BHeo<iepe]:lHOrO 06r.qero co6paHmI; - BHOCJ1Tb IIpeJJ..JIIDKeHlUI B IIOBeC'IKY ,l\HH 06r.qero cOCpaHJ1R; - Tpe60B3Tb OT peml3JlOlIHOfi KOMJ1CCJ111 (peBtf3opa) JII aYAJllTOpa npOSe,l\eHI1H nposepKJ1; --rpe6oBaTbar06I.J.1ecrBaBblKynaa,npJ1Ha,l\J1aKU!-'lOHepy; - Tpe60B3Tb OT JIHqa, KOTOpoe CaMOCTQfI'I'e.Jn,HO IfJllf CfJBMeCTHO co CBOMM a JIHLIOM npJlOOpeno 30% JII Donee pa3MeIl\eH- HbIX 06bIKHoBeHHbIX aK1U1ii 061L\ecTBa, BblKyna aKlV-'li1, - lL\I1XaKlV-'lOHepy.142 IIocne]:lHlOK) KJIacano npaB II}X>BOW"lJI elL\€ B H3'laJI€ XX B. JII nA. Py.IJ;HeB, C'1J1TaJI, 'ITO «no cBOei1IOpJJ,!I,I-{'IeCKOi npJlpo,n;e rrpaaa a1(- 4I10HepoB pa3J1l1'ffilOTCR Ha TaID'le, KOTOpble MOryT Ocy1l\ecTBJlJITbCR Ka:>K,!:{bIM aKWlOIIepoM, He3aBJ1CJ1MO OT,n;pyrnX poB, JII H3 TaID'le, JJ)IJI oc)'LIl;€CTBJIeID-lJ'lKOTOpbIX 'I'pe6YeTCR, Hmp, J13- BeCTHOi1 lpyrrIIb! 3KIU10HepOB; HO TaR K3K 3TJ1IIOCJl€)J;HJiIe rrpaaa CJJyJKaT 06bl'IHO L\enblO 3aIL\l1Tbl JlH'TepeCOB MeHbWI1HCTBa np01'J1B 6o.m.w::J:IHCTBa. TO J1X er.qe He 6e3 OCHOBaID-lJ'l Ha3bffiaJOT «npasaMJ1MeHbllll1HCTBa».I43 J1CXO,l\JI J113 o6menpmDrroco B): Ha)'Ke nOCTyn3Ta 0 TOM, ..TO JlH'TepecbI onpE',IJ,€JDOOTCfI 06'b€ttrnBHblMH ycnoBI1HMJ1 >Kn3H11 JDO,J:\ftI, -56- 
r.Jl A;:wMOBI1'i npHIIleJI K BbmOJ\Y. "iTO OCHOBHbIM clJaKTOpoM, onpe,!\e- JIffiOJ.1tI1M II03HJ1KHCi3€Hne y JIHqa J1H'TepeCOB, CBfl3aHHbIX C ero )"-Iacn-l- eM B 8KqHOHepHOM 06:w;ecrne. HBJIjllOTCH co6crnemIO npaBa 8KlV-10Hepa "Te clJaKTWleCKJle B03MOiKHocm, KOTOpbIe:am npaBa. CneJtOBaTeJIbHO, CO,I\epmaJU1e :aTUX J1H'TepeCOB MOiKHO BbmeCTI-I Heno- Cpe,lJ;CTBeHHO 1-13 OCHOBHbIX npaB 8KQ1-10Hepa. TaKI-IMI-I J>IlITepecaMI-I, no MHeIDIiO 8BTOpa, HBJIffiO'I'CJI; - I-IHTepec B nOJI.)"-!emm AOXOM H8 IIJ1roKeHHbljij Karn-rr8JI B q:.opMe ,D;I-IBI-I,IJ;eH)J;a; - I-IHTepec B nOJI.)"-1eHI-II-f AOXO,I\a (YI' npOMmI-I aKQI-I; -I-IHTepeCBIIOJJY"IemD1l1M.)'ll1eCTBa06:w;eCTBanpl-leroJU - I-IHTepec B.)"I3.C'nDlB ynp8BJIemBlM.l"" .lI;yMaE'Tc!'!, 'ITO c BbmO,!!,aMJ1. K KOTOpb1M npHIIleJI 8BTOp, ('JJeJ\YeT CO- rJIaCI-IThC!'!. BcTynM B COCTaB )"-IaCTHi-lKOB 8KlV-10HepHOro oo:w;eCTBa, JII-I- LlO pyKOBQI:\C'I'By€TCR TeMI-I MJ1, KOTOpble MOryTJ-IM6brTb no.Jl.)"'eHbl B p(3)'JIbTIlTe peaJll13aI.\1-IJ'! npaB )"-IaCTHI1Ka 05Lq,ecTBa. A K HI1M, HecOMHeHHO, (YI'HOC!'ITC!'! C'lp€MJl€:IDle I-13BJIe'lb l1M.)'llIeCTBeHH)l1O BbIfOJ\Y or )"-IaCTWI B 06:w;ecTBe MK KOHe'IHbrH J>'!Tor 1-1 CTpeMJIemte BJU1- HTb Ira ,l\eHTeJIbHOCTb oo:w;ecTBa nocpe,lJ;CTBOM )"-I8CTIffi B yrrpaBJIeID11-1 11M, OT KOToporo 1-1 3aBI-ICIIT B03MOiKHDCTb nOJIy'-IeID1!'! npl-l6b1JII-I. Cne.qyeT OTMeTl-lTb, "ITO 31lliOHOMTeJIbCTBOM AOnyCK1HOTCII OT,qeJIb- Rble orpaHl-l'leHI-IR npaB aKqI10HepOB. TaK, Hanpl-lMep, n. 3 CT. II 3aKOHa «06 aKlV-lOHepHb1X oomecTBax» yCTaHOBJIeHO, 'lTD, ycTaBOM oo:w;ecrsa MOIYT 6brTb BBe.r:\eHbI CII'p1IHH'IeIDLH KOJIHqeCTBa aKQIDi, npl-llla,!\Jlem:a- lIV1X O;:J;HOM.)' aKL\J:1<Eepy, I-II-IX cyMMapHO H1JMI-IHa.JlbHaI CTOMMOCTI-I, a TaIOKe MaRCHMaJIbH(I'() 'lI-ICJIa roJIOCOB, npe,I\OC'I'aBJUleMbIX OJtHoM.)' aK- QI-IOHepy. BecbMaHeraTJ1BHOKOorpaHl-l'leHW1MnpaB(YI'HOCI-IJI- CJ1 M.T. TapacoB, KOTOpbill rOBOpl-lJI, 'iTO «aKlV'lOHep, He 1J1cR aKqI«JHepHbIM npaBOM, C05CTBeHHO fOBDpJI, HeMbICJlJ1M, XOTH B npaKTI-I- Ke " B 3aKOHO,I\aTeJIbCTBe H TaKOe aHOpMaJIbHae RBJIeID-Ie, BCJ1e,I\CTBMe 'iero 6b1B8KIT, Hanpl-lMep, aKqJ:1OHepbl, KOTOpble He nOJ1b3Y- KITC!'! npaBOM yqacTI-!!'I B o5:w;J-IX co5paID1!'!x, OOpa3y!'! J13 ce5!'! KaTeroprno RaE'.6bI Heno.mronpaBHbIX aKqHOHepOB, KaKOBbI, Hanpl-lMep, .meHl.ltMHbI no YCTaBaM HeKOTOpblX aKqI10HepHb1X KOMTIamrn, JIi'IL{a. IIJl8.A€ronv1l2 01'- paHWleHHbIM'lJ-ICJIOM aKQffi1, ,IJ;oJIeaKQffi1 ..»14S HeKOTopble mpaHll'-JeHi-lfl npaB aKqHOHepoB B03MOmHbl" B J1PyrI--IX c.rry<Iam::, H3IIpJlM€p, B cJIyqae HaJID.meID1!'! apecTa Ha aKQ>1JL Or,I\e.1lbHble npaBa 1-1 061I3aHHOCTM aKQJlOHepOB 1-1 aK1<J10HepHb1X 06- llIeCTB 6yJ1YT 60JIee nOJlP06HO paCCMOTpeHbI B CJIeJIYlOIl\€'II r.naBe, no-  aHaJII-I3y OT,IJ;eJIbHblX BI-IJIOB npaBOOTHOllEHIDi, CKJ1a;:J;bma-  Mejf(,!lJ' aKQJIOHepHblllBI 06wecTBaMJ-I J1 aKL\i-lOHepaMI1. -57- 
rnaoa 2. OrAenbHble OHAbl KOpnOparHOHblX M 06S13arenbCTBeHHb1X npaBOOTHOWeHMM MelKAY aKljHOHepHblMH 06l11eCTOaMH H HX yacTHHKaMH o 1. npaBOOTHoweHHA. B03HMI<alOIQlte B CB$l3M C YliaCTlteM aK4MOHepOB B 06aqeM co6paHMI1 IIpaBo aKqI10HepOB Ha ynpaBJIeHl1e a:ra.tHOHepHbIM 06ll\eCTBOM nocpe,1J;CTBOM )"-lacTIm B paGOTe 06mero c06paHIDI 3aKpeIIJIeHO CT_ CT. 67. 103 rK PCP, CT. CT. 31, 32, 47-63 3aKoHa «06 al\.Ql-'lOHepHbIX OOll\ecTBaX» B CoBeTcxoM :;lHql1K.JIOneCKOM CJIoaape (J13)\aJ1HOM B Ha'laJle 1960-x ro,!JPB) ynpaBJieHi1e crtpe.n.eJIHe'l"Cf! RaK:meMeHT, CP}'HKlV'I.II pa3- JIW'IHbIX opraIDl30BaHHbIX CHCTeM:  COQl1aJlbHbIX, Tex- Hi'l'lecRJ1X, 06eCneqJ.1BalOIqMX CDXpaHeID1e I1X OIIp€J\e.JIelllJU1 CTpYKTY- pbl, nO.zu\epmaIDIe peiKlfMa ,lJ;eHT€J1bllOCTJ'J, peaJ1J13a1UOO J1X nporpaMM JiI IteJ1eH. CoQruWIbHOe ynpan.rreIDle '1paKryeTCJ1 KaK TaKoe B03.n;eHcImfe Ha . KOTopoe l1MeeT LleJiblO ero ynopH,QO'IeHl1e, coXpaHeHl1e Ka'I€CTBellllOii cneLlI1c}JJ.-IK1II, cOBepweHCTBOBalUle J1 paamITlI€. B OJ\HOM 113 nepBblX UI'e'lecTBeHHblX Y'le6m1KOB no HaY'lHbIM UCHO- saM ynpaBJl€HJlH npOl-I3BO,p;CTBOM (1969 r.) ynpaBJIeID1e onpe.tI€JIHJIOCb KaKqeneHaIIpaB.l1fl1110eHaKOJ1J1eK'I'J-1BJ1IO.n;efi]J.JlJlopra- ID13iU-lID:! JII Koop,':\rniau;m-l MX .l\€HTeJIbHOCTH B npOl-leCCe np::u3BO.l\CTBa. B Oi<ccpop.tlCKOM pyccKo-aHrJIm:ic:J«::M cJlosape (1994 r.) CJlOSO «yn- paBJIeHl1e» nepeEO,l{I:ITCR Ha aHrJIJrl;icKID1:H3bIK TBKI1MI1 -repMl1HBMJ1 KBK «management», «adminishation», «dlrectlon» (mrn paCCMBTpl1BBIOTCH KBK CJ1HOHI1Mbl). -58- 
COJlep)fffiffi1e nOH1ITIDI MeHe,WKMeHT paCKpbmaeTCR nrnpOKO J1 MHO- roCTopoHHe: MeHe,IPKMeHT KaK cnoc06 ynpaBJK'HWI, py1«)IIOJICTBa, Ha- npaBJIeHIDI J1JUI 11:QHTpoJlfl; ::11'0 J1CKYCCTBO HanpaBJIeHIDI J1Jll1 ROH"IpOJIH. 3m .moJll-'l, KOHTpoJIl1pYKJJ.J.Ufe J1 HanpaBJUIIOJ.J.Ufe pa6crry OpraHlI3aIUfK. a TaIOKe ynpaBJ1eIl'l€Cmnl: nepcomw:r. MeH€,IPKMeHT -::ITO  Hoe HCIIOJIh3()BaIDe I11OC)() TaKJilX pecypCOB ICaKJ1M)'Il1eCTBO J1 TpY,lJ;,lJ;JlfI AOCTJDKemf.fI 38J\aHHbIX J.t{'J1en c Mal\CJ1MaJ1bHO s4xj:leKTHB- HOCTbKJ. TaKoeonpe.QeJIeHHe I1JMBOJ\1ITC.fI B MemJ:1YHapo)J;HOM cnpaBOq- ffi1Ke no M, H3,!\3.HHOM B AHrID1Jil (International Dictionary of Management Fourth Ed. By H Yohancen GB, 1990)146. TaKIDf 06pa3oM, caMO no ce6e ynpaBJIeHHe - STO npoqecc PYKOBO,1l;- CTBa, pernaMeHTaLlJill'l ICaKOH-.mroo ,/J;€RTeJIbHOCTI1. YnpaBJlfITb opraHJ1- acunreii - 3HaQl1T, crtpe.I\emrrb OCHOBHble HanpaBJIeHWI ee pa3BJ1TJUi, CTaBI1Tb nepe,':\HeHL\eJIJ1 H3a)J;a'illHTb HX.l\OC'I'If)KeHiDO. RIO. EaKlID1HCICaC C'MI'aeT, 'ITO ynpaBJ1€HJle aKLlHoHepHbIM o61L\€- CTBOM CJIe,u;yeT paCCMaTpHBaTb ICaK «1<€JITeJIbH)C'Tb IKJ onp€,/J;e.neHIDO nopR;J;Ka VlCn0JIb30BaHJ1R HM)'IlIeCTBa aKQJ1OHepHoro 06w;ecTBa J1 rpaK- TWIecKoM)' ero HCnOJIb30BaHJn0>'.147 IIpe.D;CTaBJIHeTC, q'J'() npJilBe,lJ;eH- Hoe aBTOpoM OIIp€,':\eJIeHVle ynpaBJIeHlliI He6e3YIIpe'lHo. B.IO. EaKlliI1H- CICaC onpe,':\eJUIeT ynpaBJIeHJile CJIJ1llIKOM Y3KO, B€)J;b pellIeHJ1R 06lL\ero c06paHIDI ,IIaJIeKO He BCer,lJ;a RaCaIOTCH l1M)'IlI;eCTBa aRqIroHepHOlO 06- w;eCTBa. KIT. ry6I1H no,/J; ynpaBJIeHJ1eM aKl\JilOHepHbIM 06IQecTBoM nOHJ1MaeT MeXaIrn3M J1JIJ1 CJilCTeM)' roaJ1MOJI€HCTBJI.H yqaCTHJ1KOB 11 cnoc06bI, C no- MOLqblO KOTOpbIX OHI1 npe,':\CTaBJIIDOT CHOI1 J1HTepeChi. ITo ern MHeHJ1R), OfCTeMa KopnopaTI1BHOro ynpaBJIeHWI npeJ1C'l'8BJ1R€ co60tf opraHH3a- qMOHHYIO MOJleJIb, C nOMOLqbKJ KOTOpOtf BKqI10HepHoe 06IQecTBo ,l];0JI:m- HO npe.IIC'TBBJ1RT J1 3aTb J1HTepeCbI CBOJ1X mmecropos.146 CR. BIlHOBOMOTMe<meT, 'lTO npaBo aKqI10Hepa Ha yqaCTHeBynpaB- JIeIDrn 06IQecTBoM HBJlfIeTCR caMblM CJIO:IKHbIM no cBoe IOJM,!II1'-IecKOi1 I1pMpo,lI€. J1MeR J1MytlIecTBeHHbili xapaKTep, OHO xapaKTePJ'I3Y€'lUI CBOHCTBOM J1M'IHO BJIaCTH, TO eCTb I303M())KHQCTbIO onp€,l\eJ1JI'Ib nOBe- ,lJ;eHl1e ,D;pyroro cy6'beKTa, a HMeHHO aKq;110HepHoro 061L\€CTBa. 149 KpOMe TOro, no Ha6.mo.r:\eHHRM MHOI11X yqeHbIX. rJ1aBHaR, a B 6oJ1b- ImfHCTBe cnyqaeB ep;llliCTB€lllJafl, C'I'paTernqeCKaR qeJIb ofu.e,n;mIeHlliI B aKl\J10HepHoe 06lL\eCTBO 3aKJiKJ'laeTCR B TOM, 'lT06bI IIOJIy'DITb 6oJ1b- we npn6b1JIJ1 Ha Kam.Il}'lO €AI1HJ1L1Y ICamrra.na J1lli)o nO)\I"OTOBtfTb ycno- BJilR,l:\JIH .l\OCTJDt\€HJIH ee B 6YllYLI.1;€M. B CBH3Ji1 C 3TI1M llplHL\lffibl nOCT- poeHJ1f! H rpYRKLIJIOHKpOBaHJilJI aKq;woHepHoro 06Il.\ecTBa BCeL\eJ10 IIV{<IJlHeHbI =epecaM RaIDfTaJIa, "ITO Hal160Jree nOJIHO BbIpamaeTCH B opraHJ13aQIDI CWCT€MbI ynpaBJI€HJ1R 06w;ecTBa, KOOpAJilHaL\11JiI ,l:\eRTeJIb- liOCTJiI ero opraHoB. 150 -59- 
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npMMeaHMR 1 CM. JlOMB""H.Q.B.AI<PHoenpaBOOTHOl1le....e -M. o01apK>o 1991 C.55-59. 2 CM: Eipay,QB III AKoHepHblB 06wecrBB 11 TOBajJI1LL1BCTBa B ToprOBJle 11 I1pOMbIW- l1eHHOCTI1.-M "¥\BTeJ1bCTBO..npaBOI-!)I(3Hb»,1926.C.7 31lI1ceMCKiilll.KOMnaH"I-!CTOKI13peHIo1SInpaBB.-M T"norpa<fl"Rrpaeualll.K.1876.C 57 4 CM rIlH BonpocblBKOHepHOronpaBB -lle-rporpa,i:\.CeHaTCKBSI T"norpacl:>l1R, 1915.C 28. 5TapaC08I11.T.Y4eH"eoti -M..nCra-ryr.,2000.C 365. eCM.:KaWBHI1HaT.B npaBO{npaeoTOeapl1w,ecrn" CJI5uWcrn) )'\.<e6H"KW\BY305. - M: It13liaTBnbCi<B<' rpynnaHopM8MH<ppa-M. 1999 C.418-419 7 CM' Eienoycos O.B AK" npaBaa.KoHepall3aKoHQD,aJBnbCTBo. 1999. W6 C.28. 8CM..Kynar\<1HM.lt1rOCYKananI-!KJPi'I.!\I'I4ec- KOBI1"uolllib6wHHblBTPY.D.bI -M:..C"nvr', 1997 C 94- 9l\1o1Tno:JlOMBK"H.nBAI<PHoe-M:oCnap"".1997C-111 10 AoJl"HCKaR B.B AKoHepHOB npaBo: Y<ie6H"K I OrB PBA- A,IQ. Ka6anKI1H. - M IOpl-1,O,.I1I1T.,1997C.111. 11"'BTBBP">OOBBIO.It1.AKoHepHbIBOT1iOWeH"RBycnoB"RxnepexOJlBKpblHKY' AI1C KaH.!l.3KOH HaYK.-M.1994.C 15 12 kapKOB M.M. y.,eH"e 0 IJBHHblX 6yMarax. - M.- ctIlo1HaHcoBOB 113,1J,aTBnbCTIro HKo:!:> CCCP,1927 C 7 13MI1pOWH"K0B8H.III.npaBOBOeKOpnoparnBHblXOTHO_ weH"" II o.epKIol no ToprOBOMY npaBY CO. HaY". lP./ IlQII pe.o., EA I(paWBH"HH"- KOIIa SIpoCJ1BBnb 1997 Bbln 4.C102 141lyHKT 43 1l000O>KeH" '<06 aKU' 06weCTBaX. (YI1!. llocTBHoeneH"BM CMPC4>CPOT251290N601) 15 CM Bepw"H"HA,1l np<lB,yblxLleHHbIM,,6yMBraMI1I1 o.epKIol no roproBOMY np<IBY' CO. HaY" yp. IIlo;:J. pw\. E.A, KpaweH"HH"KOBB - Slvocnallllb.1997 Bbln.4.C.39 16 TaM )!(B.C 43. 
17 CM IloMBK"HIlB AKLJ.I'IOHBpHOB npaOOOTHOweHI-1e. - M oOlapK-, 1997 C.69 18 kapKOB M M. )l\<eH"e 0 IJBHHblX 6yMarax. - M' ctIHaHcoBOB I13JJ,i!TBIlbGTBO HKo:!:> CCCP.1927.C.11. 19TapacoBI-1.T. )l\<BHl1e06KOMnaH"SIX. -M.:«CTa-ryr., 2000. C. 409 201l0CTaHOlllleHL<1ecbe;J.epanbHoroap6l1Tpa:t<HoroCYMMOCKQBCKoroOKpyraOT26CBH- T1'16ps:12002r.N2Kr-A41J6548-02 21 CM' BonbIP B 10. OCHOBbly.<eH" OTOeap"laBCTBax" aKW1oHepl-lbIX06wec-raax _ M.c])I1HBHooBOBI1nbCTBo1927.C.85. 22 kapKOB M M YBHIo18 0 LlBHHbOl6yMarax _ M.: ctIHaHC06QB I13JJ,i!TBJ1bGTBO HKo:!:> CCCP 1927 C 62 23Il.AKoHepl-lbIBKOMnaHI-!"CTO'lK"3peHIIIRnpaea-M. T"norpacl:>I1RrpaBeaIllK 1876 C.65 24C.....6eJ1OYCOBO.B.AKl1npaBaaKoHBpal/bCTBO.1999.N26. C.28-30. 25 Tapaooalll . T )l\<eHOIB06BK411OHejJHbIXKCNIlBH......-M. ..cra-ryr.,2000.C 367--a;s 26L\11T.no JlCNBKI1H.Q.B.AK4I1oHepHOBrpaIIOOI"H!IlJE-M....cnapK..I9R C.59. 27 Ta ...",e C.56-59 28 CM : WanKHa r C. Hav6OJ1ee Ba>KHble ""'MBHeHI1R BPOCClo1"CKOMiIKI.J.I'I[IHBp 33- KOHG.!I8TB1lbG1BB/IPocClo1i:1cKOrB3BTbl.2002Bbln.N!7C.211 29TapacoBI-1.T.)I\<BHl1e()6KtM'liiH'!RX._M:.<CTa-ryr.,2000 C.368 3DCM. M03On"HB.Il..IO,l:\BHKOBA.1l K4IBMpanbHCIMY3BKOHY..()(iaK- 4"oHepH"",()6.-M.It1Hof>pa-M.2002C.13-14 31 CM' lloMaK"H.QB- AKLJ.I'IOHBpHOB npaOOOTHClWeHI-1e - M «CnapK..1997 C.64 32PyAHeBIl.A,AHan"3npaBI1BKOHepOB.-M I113liaH"eaBTOpa, 1927 c.n. 33CM.:1II3pB311I1TMH A/::4I1CIHBpHbIB. -M It1MBTerH:T80 >KI13Hb>,1927.C.43,CrenaHoenB.KopnopaTl1BttiBOTHCILJJBH""8KO......ep-IBCKi'lXOpra- HRXKaI(COCTaBIi1liI"BCTbnpeJJ,MeTBIJ)iDK,!J,3HCKOronpaea.,AI1C..KaJ1I1.KlP"A-HB- yx.-M., 199fJ.C. 112-n3.,[Ipn"HCKaRB.B.epHoenpaao, Y«e6HI1K/Ore. pep,. klO.KaI5anKlo1H.-M:IOpI1,!\.IlI<T.1997C161-162 34TapaCOBIt1.T YeH"e06KCMlBH>!AX--M .<CTa-ryr',2000 C. 35 CM' ,[I,011"HCKBR B.B AKLJ.I'IOHBpHOB npaoo: Y'<e6H"K lOrn. PBA A.IO. Ka6anKI1H - M. IOpl-1,O,.I1"T..1997.C 146. 36 TaM >Ke.C.15O. 37 TaM "'B C.151-152 38 1t13Pa3J1 I<TMH 06U1BCTBB. M:It1'3ABJBnbCTBO :IKL<13Hb>o,1927.C.35. 39 TaM "'B.C 33. 
40Il.AKoHepHbIBKOMnaHI-!I1CTO'iKI13peH""np<lea-M. T"norpacl:>l1R rpaBealll K, 1876. C. 62. 41riilnH BonpocblnpaBB.-lle-rporpa,i:\.CeHaTCKBRTl1no- rpacl:>"R,1915.C.38 42 CM . MaxapoufJ.-A. MI-!OI5LllBCTBBM,,'AnTO.oe4>.lII<C KaHJ:L.lOpl-1,O,.HaYK M.2002.C 10 43 CM . llL>ICeMcKI1nhLa1OHepHbleKoMnaH""CTOKI13PBH"Rr)Ja)l'Jl,ilHcKOronpaea.- M..T..norpa4>l<RrpaeuaIt1K.,1676.C.58-59 44 TBM )I(B.C 59. 45 TaM ",e.C.153_156 46 TaM ",e C. 151-152 47TapacoBIt1.T. YeH"eo6KCMlBI-HIX--M .CTa-ryr', 2000 C.483 48IlYHKT17ll;JeHYMa8epxouHc:lnJCYfJ/'JPCPl1ll;JeHYMaBblcwero1\SJ- 6paJKHoroCYfJ/'JPCPoT111IOnRI996r N26/B.{)HeKOTOpblXBOl1JJocax,C8R3aHHbIX c npMBHeH"eM ..acrn l1epBoOl rCBJKlI.BHCKoro KOJ\BKCa Po:t>" 49 CM' JlOMI-1,O,38 O. llepexOA oI5R3aTenbCTOOHHbOl np<IB Y"BCTH"KOB IOP'l!l"ecK"X l1"uIlPoccl1ii1cKalOCm 1999.N10C.17 SO CM.: ,[I,011"HCKBR B.B AKL.\OOHSPHOS npaeo: y..s6H"K / Ora. PeA, A.IO. Ka6anK"H. - M.lOpl-1,O,.I1I1T.,1997.C.12 51 Ct.ol. POJ\HOBB Q.M.npl'lpo,o,a npaB, npHMI18)KBl1\I'IX aKl!OHepy 1!1Op1'l,lJ,l1ecK"e 3Bnl1cK"SlpocnaBCKororOCYA3pcTaeHHoroYH"M.Il.r,[l,eMI-1,O,OBa/IlO.l1 peA. B H KaprawoBa, ll.n. Kpyrl1"KOBa, B.B. 6yYHsna - S'lpOCJ1aBnb, 2000. Bbln. 4. C.150 52M0301l"HB.Il.,IQI:\eHKOBA,1l KOMMe>fTBP"iilK4IJ,epam'Hor"'Y3BKOHy..05aKlJ)'lOHBj)Hb'" o6uIecrnax...-M.IIIHrPPa-M.2002.C.13-14. 53kapKOBMM YeH"eoueHHblx6yMarax -M. ctII1HaHCOBOBI13JJ,aTBJlbGTooHK<t> CCCP.1927 C 69-90. 54 rpa>K,lJ,BHCKOBnp<Iuo. B2T TOM 1 YeI5H"K/IlOJJ.PBJ\. E.A. CyxaHOBB. -M. 6EK 2000 C.103 S5KawaH''HaTB.npaBO(npaBOHblXl1015_ I.I\I!CTB) Y'Ie6H"K,IJ,I1R 8y:30B - M.: 1II3,lJ,aTSnbCKa!1 rpynna l-1oPMB-I>1H<ppa-M, 1999 C 419 S6 CM Kopal511eea MC. rpa>K,lJ,BHCK"" 11pa8. HOBbie acneKTbl I! AKryanbHble npo6nBMblrpa:«,lJ,aHCKoronpaBa/IlO.l1pBA-M.It1-MIII3.I1-Bo.c-ra- TYT',1998 C.76-77. 57 KaM"HKaA.1t1 o.epKl< TOproeoro npana. - M.. AOLleHTp IOpIt1HcpoP>, 2002 C. 398 saCM: JlOMBKI1H,[I,.B AKuotoHBPHoenpaBOOTHOllIBl-u.e. _M.: o01apK>o, 1997 C.52-53 59 TBM )I(B.C 'Zl. !SOCM IloMBK"H,[I,.B AKLJ.I'IOHBpHOBnpaBOOlHOUlBl-MenOHRT"e,,- eKTbl ,AI1c. KaH.!I.lOpl-1,O,.Hayx -M.1996 C.13-14 -176- 
61MI1POWH"KOBaH.III.l-1oPMBTI1BHo-npaBOBoeKopnopaTl1BHblXOTHO- weH"iillI O1ept<11 no TOprOSOMY npasy: C5 HaY'!. TP /1l0.l1pep,. E.A. KpaiJJEI-HH1- KOBa -Slpocnallllb.1997 Bbln.4.C.101-102 52 CM. Pot\HOBa O.M.Ilp"po,o,a npaB,l1p!<HaJ\IleJKBll\I'IX aKW10Hepy /l1Op"iJ.l<ecK"e 3BnI1CK/o1S1pocnaBCKororocyABPC'IB8MHOroYH"M.Il.r.neMI-1,O,Oea/1l0.l1 peA. B.H. KapTBWOBa, Jl.Il. Kpyrn"Koea, B.B. 6yYHeea. - SIpocJ1allllb, 2000. Bbln. 4. C 153-155 636enoBB.A.,llecTepeeaEB o6wecrna -M'AO,"-!efITPlOpV1H(jxJP,. 2OO2.C 125. 64CM.CrenaHOBnB.OTHOWeHL<1BOpraHI13aLl,l1RX KaKCOCTBBHaR..aCTbnpe/1MBTarpa.>i(,!laHCKOronpaBa./JJ>tC. KaH,D,.lOp"1l.Hay<- M.,1999.C.50-53. 65 TaM :lKe.C.82 66 TaM :lKB.C.54. 67CM'CrenaHoBIl.B.oTHOWeH"jlBopraHI13BU,I1j1X KaX COCTaBHB!I 'IBCTb npBAMeTa rpa.>i(,!laHCKOro npasa ABTOpeq:.. ,QI<C. . KBHJ\. IOp"A. Hay< - M., 1999 C. 13 6BCM ra6pL<1"lI3eEi.H.A.r .<W.M"H"CTpaTI1BHoenpaao epaLl,l1I1:}l<je6HI1K.A/1R8yaoB.-M .1II:?J],aTeJ1bCTBO..,!J,en0IilCepBl<1c",2001.C.48. 69 0ecRHKO ,D,.M.I\D,M"HI1CTpaTl1BHOBnpaBO:}l<je6Hoenoco6l18-M ICpL<1CT, 2OOO.C. 7. 70CM.npaBo.}l<je5HI1K/Il0JJ.pet\.Jl.Il.llonoBa._M. ICpL<1CT, 2002 C.36 71£;axpaJ<,D,.H np<lBOPocc""'YeI5H"K.A/1RByaoB.-M'HOpMB, It1H4Jpa-M,2000 C.20 72CM.:TaH'iYKIt1.A.,E<PL<1MO'IK/o1HBIl.,AOOeaTE,oOO3arBnbCTea -M oIOpI'l,lJ,l1'<BCKBRI1..-repa-rypa..1970.C 19 73 CM .. MapTBMHOBB.C npaBO. TOMI.06UJ)1e. Kypc l1eKiiI-M..1II3,O,8renbCTBoEiEK,1994,C.44-51 74 rpa:+:;o,aHc><oe npaso. B 2-x TOMBX. TOM 2: Ye6H"K/llo.l1pep,. E,ACyxaHoBa _ M.: EEK,1993C.6 75 Kpac8B"KOU O.A. rpa>K,!\BHCK"e opraH"38OHHo'npaBoBbie 0iH'JUJEH-'I!I II COeeTcKoel1npaBo.1966.N10 C56 76001.' KaML<1HKaA.1t1 O1ept<I1Toproooro npaea - M.' AO '''-!efITP IOplt1H<tKJP>o, 2002. C.389-390. T7CM:llbIWKL<1H"'It1.l-Inp06nBMKOHTpoJ1lo1-iO-)11'P!B- l1eH'lBCK""npauaKlll1oHepooll 2003 W3.C7 7BMe-reJ1esalO.A.llpaBOBOBllC\f1CI>KetMeaKoHepa806U1BCTBa.-M. ..Crarayr.,1999 C.43 7911oMBKI1H,[),.BAKLJ.I'IOHBPHoe-M.:..cmpx...1997 C.15 80TaM_.C.14-15. -177- 
81 CM.: ctIoMI1'fB6a H.B llpaeaaKLa'IOHepoBl-Il1Xaal!!l1TaIlHoBoepoco;l1CKOBrp<t)l(,!laH- CKOBl1np<1KrnKaeroC60pH"KH!lY'lHblXcTaTe!il/llqo, pe,!\.3.1t1  CapaTou:crAn, 1998.C.59 82 CM. POJIHOBa O.M.np"pop,a npaB, I1p1<1HM/IB)KBll\I'IX 2K4\<10Hepy /l1Op"iJ.l<ecK"e 3Bn"cK"SlpocnaBCKororOCYABpcTIleHHoroYH"M.Il.r.neMI-1,O,OBa/llqo, peA. B H Kapyawoea, Jl.ll. l<pyrl1"KOea, B.B. 6yYHsBa. - S'lpOCJ1aBnb, 2000. Bbln. 4. C.152-153 83 TaM >Ke.C.153 84 Eenoycou O.B. AKW1 11 npaua aKoHepal/ 3aKoHOABTenbCTBO 1999. N6. C 28 85CM'Bonb<PB.IO.OcHoBblY'"eH"RoToeap"U<BCTB<IXI106U<BCTB<IX.- M. ctI11HBHOOeOBI13,O,BTenbCTeO 1927.C.131 8611>oM"4eeaHB.llpaea2K4\<10HepoBI111X3Bll\I1TaI/HOBoepocC1<1!i1c><oerpa>KABH- cKoe3BKOHO,!I8TBJlbG16Ol1npaKTI1KaeronpI1MBHeH"R"C60pH"KH!lY"HbIXcTare1 Ilqo,pBlI.3111 LJ,bIf:IyneI-w.-CapaTOB,crAn, 1998.C 59. 8711oMBKI1H,[),.B AKoHepHoe-M.:<OlapK...1997 C.119 88 TaM >Ke.C.12-13. 89 CM MSTeJ1Sea IOAIlpaBoBOB nOJK»l(eHl1eBKLa'IOHeoa 8B1Cl1V1OHE!pH(H 06wecTBe.- M: Cratayr1999.c.43 90CM. rpBJlQ],BHCKoenpauo B2T TOM1.Ye6H"/OTB.pe,D,.npo41 E.A.CyxaHOB.- M.I-13)J,B.TBI1bCTB06EK,2000.C.30. 91 CM B\<1HOBOi< C.H Ilpaooooe perynl1poeaHVlBABRTBnbHOC1I1 C!KUI10HBp-IblX 06wecrn BCOBBTCKOPoccI1I111922-1927rrl AiITOPB<t>,JI,Io1c.. KaH.!l. KJDIoUI. Hayx. CraBpO- nonb,2001 C.19. 92CM.CrenBHoBIl.BoTHOWeHI18KOMMBp-1ecKl<1XKaK cOCTauHaR....CTbnpBllMBTarpaJK,O,aHCKorOl1jJaea',AI1c. KaH.!l.KJPI-1,O"H!lyx.-M' 1999.C.28 93 CM . OArpBJlQ],BHcK"enp<lBOBbIBOTHoweH"/I CoBBTcKoeroCYfJ/'JPCTB0l1npaBO.1966.N!IO C.55-56 94 CM . CTenaHOB nB KopnopaTl1BHble OTHoweH"R B KOMMBp-IeCKl<1X opraH\<13BU,lIIRx K8KcocTBBHaR..acTbnpei:\MBTarpa.>i(,!laHCKoronp8ua,,AI1c. KaH,IJ..lOpl-1,O,.HaYK- M.,1999.C.83. 95CM:H.III.l-1oPM8l1'lBHO-np<IBOBOBperynl1poeaHI1BKopnoparI1BHbIX oTHoweH"" II o.epKl< nOToprOBOMynp<lBY' C6. H!ly'< Tp./IlQ!\pe,D" E.A, KpaweH"H- H"Koea -S1pocnallllb, 1997 -Bbn 4.-C.101 96 6parycb C.H. Ilpep,MeT 11 CI1CTeMa COBBTCKoro rpa>KABHCKoro npaBa - M. IOpl-1,O,. I1"T., 1963. C. 46. 97 TBM )I(B.C 74. 98 CM .: rpa!l(,lJilHCKOB npaBO. '-IaClbnB)JBaR: Y'fBIiH"K/OIB. PBA B.Il. M03011, A.1t1 Mac- I1RBB.-M.IOp\<CT,2000C.231 99 CM.. CoBBTCKOB rpa!l(,lJilHcKOB npaBO. Ye6H1<1K. B 2-XTOMax. T. 1/rbJ1pBA Q.A. Kpa- caB'i"Koea.-M. BblCWBRwKOna, 1985.C.12-16 -178- 
100 CM . KaM"HKaA,It1.o.epl<l<npaua.-M. AQcLl,eHTplOpItlH<PoP',2002. C.378. 101 rIl.H. BonpocblaKOHBpHoronpaaa -lle-rporpa,i:\.CeHaTCKaRTI1- norpa<fl"R,1915.C 23 102 eM. KaM"HKaA.It1. o.epKI1 roproEICIfU npBea. _ M.. AO cLl,eHTp IOpItlHOPOP" 2002. C 365 103 CM. EpayIJ,e III. AKW10HePHblec(ill\BCTBB 111CiBBpW11BC1BB D Toproene.. npoMblW- l1eHHQCTI1.-M.I-I3liaTeJ1bCTBO l'lpaBO,,)!(1'I3Hb', 1926. C. 7. 104 CM.: PoAHoBBO.MIlpl'l1JO,!lB npae. npl1HiUl,llB)KaUll1>CaKUl1oHepy 1/ 1Op11,!J,lo1'IBCK11B3B- n"c""S1pocnaBCKOI"OYH"BBpc:..-re-ra"Mll.r.AeMI-1,O,OBB/IloJ\PBA B.H Kap-ralllQ8B, Jl.n I(pyrn"KOBB, B.B. Eymeua. - S1pocnaIlIlb, 2000. Bbln. 4. C. 150 105o...:5enoycoeO.B.AKUYlfll-\rpaeaaJ<Ul1QHBPBlI3aK0HQIJ,aTeJ1bCTBO.1999.W6.C,28. 106 KaMI1HKaA.III. Oiepxl'lroprtJBOrol1J)B8B. _ M: AOcUeH1P ICdiHboP '. 2002. C. 362. 10711oMBK"H,[),.BAKLJ.I'IOHBPHOB_M'«CnapK..1997 C.50 108CM.:MBTBJ1eealO.A.llpaBoBOBnono)!(eH"eaKLI"oHepaB06L11BCT- ee.-M'«CTaryr.,1999 C.43 109JlOMBK"H,[\.BAKLJ.I'IOHBPHOB-M....(;napK...1997C.39 110CM 06u.ia-Teop"RnpaBB Ye6H"KA/lIOP"Jl."'<eCK""ey30B/IOA,[),M..-.pl1Bu, It1 CXI Ka3bM"H B B lla38Pea 11,Qp; 1l0,!! 06L11- PBA A.C. Ill'lrOJlK"Ha. - M. 1113.iJ,a- TeJ1bCTBOMnYI1M H.8.EaYMBHa, 1995. C. 238. 111 Ai1eKCeBBC.C.OOw.a>neop"npaBB.KypclleKW1O\B2T. T 2 -M, 1982.C.154.-157 112 06 UtB>1TOOp"Rnpaea Y4e6HI-IK.o.n1CIpW1114ecKl'I)(ayaoe/IOA.J],M"Tpl1Be,IIIc]). KB3bMI1H. B.B lla38Pea 11,Qp ; Ilqo, 06u.l, pejj. A.C. ll"rOnKlo1Hi!. - M : I113.iJ,aTBllbGTBO MrTY "M. H:3 5aVMaHi! 1995. C 249. 113CeH411L11BBBIII 06bBKTrpa:llJl,BHCKClnpaBOOTHoweH"R 06ll\BBnOHRTl1e/lAY.- ryanbHblenp06neMbll'paJIIJJ,aHCJ<npaBB/llo,o,pe,o,.MIII EpanH:Ja:Iro.-M. cCnnyr", 1998.C 156-157 114 ArapKoe M.M 06R3BTeJ1bCTBOnocoaeTcKOMYrpa>KABHCKOMYnpaay. -M.: IOp113- ,lJ,BT,1940C.23 115 rpa>KAaHCKoe npaao. 'iaCTb I: Y«OOH"K/lloJl. PBA IO.K. TonCToro, A,1l CeprBe"8. -M' lt13.iJ,aTenbQTBoTEItiC. 1996.C 78 116 CM .: rall3Btt> 1II.0003BT8J1bCT8BHHOBnpaBO(OOll\l1eI1OJlOJKBH""J. MI1HCK, TeJ1b- CTBoErY"M BIII.JleHI1Ha,1968 C.7 117WepUlBHeBl1rctlY«e6HI'IKIJVCCKororp<t)l(,!laHCKoronpaBB(noH"101907r.l_ M.:oOlapx'.1995.C.266. 118 Cae I'1HbI-1Q).K.06R3aTeJ1bCTBBHHoenpaBO./llep CHeMe4l(.B Q)yKcI'IH Mal1Q- po._M.TA.B.Ky 1876.C.203 119TaMIKe C.8 120 CM.: llaceeK E.B. Hel1MYW,BCTBBlflbl I-IHTepec B OOR3BTI!I1bCTBB. IOpbBB: Tl1norpa- ,p.,K.MaTl1ceHB,1893.C.3 -179- 
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143 PyAHeB 1l.A. AHBn"3 np<IB 11 OI5sl3aHHOCTe'" aKOHepoB - M. I113.!\BH..u aBTOpa, 1927.C.6 144 CM . ALiaMOBI'I r.n 06eCne<ieHl'le I-IHTepecoB MBI-tiIH-CJBa aKoHBpoB B npaue Pocc"""CTJ)aHCOI03B:ABTope<P,QI<c.KaI1!l,KJPI1A-HaYK.M, 2002 C.12 145 TapacoB lilT YeH"e 06 aKUIo'OHepHblX KOMnaH"",X. - M. «Craryr..2000 C 405-406 146 CM . Yr'J>aBneIMeOpraH"aa4l1BI'i: Y<ie6HI'IK/IlOJlpe.o,.llopwHeeaA r., PyMHL<B- BOI'i 3.1l., COnOMaTh1,"a H.A. - M.: 1t1,"<ppa-M, 2000. C 13. 147Eaxuu-o<acB 10 AK4I10HBpHoeOOU\BCTBOKaKnpaBOBBSI<PoPMaHBH"RKa- n"TBnOB.fJI,<C. KBHlI.lOpl1,Q,HaYK.M.1997C.16 148 CM.. Yr'paBIIeHI1e 11 BHbll'i KOHTponb B aK41'10HepHOM otiU\BCTBe: IlpaKTI1ecKoenoc06l1e/IlOJJ.pe/l.B.1l r'l'6I1Ha --M:lOpl1cT.1999 C.17 149 CM .: BI1HOBoCH.llpaBOBOeaKoHBpH"'XOO- U\BCTB 8 COBBTC><ol'i Pocc"" (1922-1927rr.I:ABTope<P.I\I<C... KBI1,O,. IOpl-1,O" HaYK. 2001.C19-20. 150 CM .,HBnp.,'iernepi'''(OealO.1t1 epHble01HOWBH"Bycnou"""nepe><OABKpbIH- xy;fJI,<c. Kaf-\,!\, KJPI'I,!\, Hay!(. M., 1994.C, 17; 6aKwI'lHCKaCB.IO.AI<41'1QH8pHOBo6ujBCT- BOKaKnpaBOBB!1q>opMa06bep,1<HBHI'IKan..-ranoe:...Kaf-\,!\.IOpI'\l\.HaYK,M.,1997 C 1B7;lloMBKMH,[I,.a.AK4I'IoHBPHoenpaeocrrnoWBHI1B -M .oOlapK', 1997C.20. 151 CM.' MeTeneeaIOA.llpaooBoellC\r'O>l<EHEaK4"OHBPBBaxoHepHOM06U1BCTBB _ M.:.CraT)'T".1999.C48. 152 TaMJKB C.49 153CM..KynarI1HM.It1.rKanl'lTanI13MI11Opi'\!1,i'14e_ CKOB 11"40 IIIt1a6paHHble TpyJJ,bl - M: _Craryr.. 1997 C. 97; EaKW"HCl\BC B.IO AI<- 4I'IOHepHoeo6laecrnoKaKnpaBoeaHQxJpMa06HeH"HKanl1TBl1oB' K3HA. IOPI-1,O,.HCIyI< M.,1997C.207-208. 154 CM MBTeJ1eea 1O.A.IlpaBOBOB nOlK»KE!Hl'leBK4I'IQIiepa B 8K4"OHepHOM 06U1BCT8e.- M.:.CrafYT', 1999. C. 52-54. 155CM.:lloMBKI1H,[I,.BAK4I10HBPHoe:noHRrnB,,cyfi1o_ BKTbI fJl,<c. KaI1A.IOpI'l,lJ" HayK. M, 1996. C 187-188, 1l0MaKI'I," ,[I,.B. AK4"OIiepHoe "e-M.o01apK-.1997C120 156IlKOMnBH""CTOK"3peH"Rrpa>K,!\BHCKoron,oaua _ M. Tl'lnorpacl:>I1RrpaBBaIllK, 1876.C.160. 157 CaKWI1HC><ac B 10 AK4"OIiepHoeooweCTBo KaK npaBOBBSlQxJpMaoo1oBl4l1HBH"H Ka- n"TBnOB,IJ,i'IC.. KaHJJ,,!OPI1A-Hayx.M 1997C 196. 158 CM' Mor-w1eBcKvM C.,[I,. OpraHbJ ynpaBneH" X03"cTueHHblM" OI5U!BC'1B3M'" IlpaBoBO"'aCneKT -M.....neno.,2001 C 107 159 TBM )I(eC 147,160 160CM. MaKapoe,[l,.A. Ynpa8J1eHl1e OOll\BCTBBMI-I: ABTope<p. ,QI<C. . KBHJJ,.lOpl-1,O,.HaYK -M., 2002 C.18 _181_ 
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181CM:lle-.pou"euaIOB.AHrn"""Pocc""cpau- H"TenbHO-npaBOBOO\aHanI13.M...j-JOpMa»,2002C.84-86 182 CM KYJ1an1HMIII.rL<1CTI14BCKI<I;;jKanL<1TanL<13M11KJP1'\!\1'14ec- KOell"40lIliI36paHHblBTPYPPO -M. «CraTyT' 1997C.104 183c...:110MaKl<lH,A,B OHBpHoenpaBOOnmWBHVoe. -M.: oOlapK», 1997.C.64-65. 1B4 CM ' 5enoycooO S. AK 11 npaua aKL.I,IMJHepall3aKoHoABTenbCTBo 1999 N6 C.30-31 185rIl.H.BonpOCblnpaBB -lleTporpMCeHa-rCKaT,,- norpaI1R,1915.C.73 186 CM . PyAHeBIl.A.AHanI13np<1BI1-M'III3lIaH"eaBTO- pa,1927 C 8-9 187 CM. 110MaKI1H ,A,s. AKI.II1QI-IBPI-JO npaBOOHlOweH"e' nOHIITI1e, COJJ.BpJKaH"e, Cy!)beKTbl.J:\L<C.. .KaHA, IOPI1,I1. Hayx.-M., 1996.C. 191-192 188c... M030n"HB Il Kopnopa". MOHonon""" npaOOBCWA. -M '1II3.!iBTB11bCTBO MocJwocKoruYH"oopc"TBTa,1966.C 256-257 189 CM . Iv\eTeneBa lOA I'lpaBOBOenOl1O>KBHVoe axu...OHepa" aKL\I10HBpHoMoeiw.ecrne.- M:..1999C.133 190 CM KOH,lJ,OBTOBH.H.Co6paH"ea"""'OHeOOB.npo6enbllI3aKo- HQ.lJ.BTBnbCTUO 1998 N9.C 23 191TapacoBIII.T.Y'leH"eOOaKu.>IOHepHblX_M.:«CTa1YT",2000 C.438-439. 192CM.:5enoYCOOOB.AKRl1npaeaaKL.I,IMJHepall 1999 N6. C3' 193c.. lle-.poBl1eBBIO.B.hoHepHOe3BKOHQ!lBJenbCT8oAHrnIII-1Pocc"" (:paB- HL<1T8J1aHBl1L>13.-M.:I'I3.!IBTI!J1bGT80..t--iopMBo>.2002IX. 194L1epeHoBLI,B.,Tpo'--IBHKOC.A.KOH'--IBnl(I1RKan..ranaI!3a- KOHOlIiITI!J1bGT60.1999 N!!6.C.4S--46. 195(M Epay/J,elll. AKw<oHBjJHblB06U1BCTB8I1TOBBPI1LJ.J,eCTBaBTOprOBIle" npoMblwneH- HOCT...-M..I13.!IBTBnbC1BOllpawl1_b>,1926.C.12-17 196 CM . 1t13pB31lL<1T M.H AKoHepHble oeiw.ecrne. _ M.: lt1:?J],aTenbC1BO3KOHOM"'BCKaR JKI13Hb>, 1927 C.41-42 197 CM TapacoBIIIT YeH"eol5KOMnaH"RX.-M «CraTYT",2000 C.412. 198 CM . JlOM8X"HJJ,.B Al<4L<OHBjJHOO.--paoor:rniOlJ.-M. .cnapK', 1997 C 23-24 199 CM .: MeTeneBBIOA IlpawEIOBnWlo)!(IJHl1eaKl(lo1oHBpaBaKUI1QHepHOM06L41JCHle.- M.:«CrBJYT', 1999.C. 185-186 200 CM . Xap'<€HKO C.B rpa>KJJ,aHCKo-npaBOBa oxpaHa np<IB aKL.LI'IOHBjJOU np" COBep- WeH"I-!C,!\enoKcaKRM"OTJ(JJbJTblXaKOHBPHblXo6U<BCTB,ABTOpe<P AI1C. KaIUl. 1Op"JJ..Hayx M,2001.C 8-9 201IlKoMnaH""CTQK..apeH"Rrpa>KJJ,aHCKOronpaBB _ M. T"norpaI1R rpa4eBalll K, 1876. C. 137-138. 202 CM . JloMl'\IJ,3eO.llepexoJJ.blxnpaBY"BCTH"KOBICJPOWNBO<I1X l1"u!lPocCI1KaflIOCTI<.1999.N10C.16 -183- 
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