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B CTae 15 7 12 12 23 26 6
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40,0 MM, Bec 46,1 x 42,4 r. ITpo:qeHT I'J'J6eJlli RJIa,n;OR OT 3aTOIme-
HIIJ3: II IIO BIIHe 6paROlLbepoB, 'tJ:eTBepoHOI'IIX :IiI IIePHaTbIX XliIIjID!KOB
COCTaBJIReT 52%.
ITepme nTeHIJ:bI ICpJIRBH B :sepxHei1: 'tJ:aCTII Bo,n;oxpmU'LJIliIIja IIOJIB-'
JI.fIIOTCH B Cpe.D:HeM 16 moM, B HIDKHeH -- Ha 3-.5 .D:HeH n031Ke. To -
RO 'tJ:TO BbIJIyITII:BIillIeCR nyXOB:liI1ffiII BeCRT OT 30,5 ,n;o 34,8 1'. BCJIe.n;-.
CTBIIe paCT.fIHyroCTII CpOKOB .ffi1::qerora,IJ,Rl1 BbIXO,n; rrTeIJI(OB pacT.fIHyT.
CaMbIH n03,I1,mni mBo,n;OR C ITTeHl\ClMI1 IIpHMepI-IO 2-'He,Il,e HoI'O B03-.
pacTa OTMe'tJ:eH 23 aBrycTa 1969 1'. B EJrOBCROM 3aJIIiIBe. 0 TeMIIe
OTXO.n;a MOOO,n;I-IRI<a MOJKHO Cy,n;:liITb, CpaBHID3aR Cpe.D:HIIe nORa3aTeJIII
Be.7ilI'tJ:MHbl RJla.IJ;Im II mBO,IJ;ROB pa3.JIII'tJ:H01'O BospacTa ,n;o nO.I1.'1eMa :HX
Ha RpbI O. Ha:IiI600:bIIIaR cMePTHocTb Y'!'R'l',(28%)HaOmO,IJ;lJIaCb C MOMeHTa
me BbIJIyIT eHIDI ,n;o MeCR'tJ:H01'O BoSpacTa. 06!!1Ell OTXO,n; IITeIJI(OB o
nO.I1.'1eMa me Ha Rpw.ro paBeH 48, 7%. C e,n;OBaTe HO, HS RaJK.n;Oi1:
COTHH OT O:!KeHHbIX mID; BbIBO.1(IT 'CH 48 ITTeHIJ;oB, lIS ROTOpbIX ,n;o IIO,Il,'be-
Ma Ha RpWlO ,n;OEJ1BaeT IIIIIb 26 nTII:q. EJIIISKIIe nORa3aTeJIH OTXO.n;a
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IDL7IIIIljaI1 3.B.J1BaHTep L?l ,IJ;.'Lff Rape.JUll1. ITepBHe eTIllie BHBO,IJ;RI1
RpHKm Ha'tJ:IIHaIOT BCTpe'tJ:aTbcH B KOHIJ;e moJIFI. OCHO:m1aR Macca MO-'
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650-950 l' (Ta6 . 6).
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IIepe eTbI Ha 60 ee ROpl'lIHbIe MeCTa. C 3Toro BpeMeIDI COCTaB nTIII(
B CTaF.IX IIOCTOHHHO MeI-IReTCR. IIpo,n;OOJK:IiITe HOCTI. rnaCCOB01'O IIpOJre--
Ta COCTaBJIHeT 6-10 ,Il,Hei1:. OCHOBHaH 'tJ:aCTI. ITTIII( y eTaeT R ROHDy
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BCTpe'tJ:aIOTcR HH01'.n;a ,n;o e,n;OCTaBa.
lIepHaH KpHKBa . Ha TepPHTOp:IiIII COBeTCICOI'O COI03a .n.o He.n;aBHe1'O
BpeMeHII 'tJ:epHaR Rp.a:RBa OOI1TMa JlliIIIb B CpaBHRTeJILHO YSROi1: IIo oce
IIO 1'paHR:qe C KwraeM II MOHI'OOIIe:il: YCCypEllCREll Rpaii, ITpIIaMYPI.e H
14
Ta6JIII 6
Bec ITTeH:qOB RpHKB no MeCm:J,aM (B 1')
JI,aTa KOJIII'tJ:ecTBo Bec IITeIJI(OB
nTeH OB MIDi. MaRC. cpeM.
15-30 moIm 37 38 457 150,8
1-15 amycTa II 140 490 295,0
16-30 IIIOJI.ff 7 3C8 675 530,2
1-15 amycTa 9 412 821 785,6
15-30 aBrycTa 39 652 1050 865,3
I-15ceHTHC:pR 34 8'70 1000 930,8
15-30 CeHTH6pR 19 8m 1090 980,0
JIaYPllil LW. 3a 1I0c e.D:Hee BpeMff B .mrrepaType IIOJIBMJIOCb MH01'O
co061l1emrn 0 BCTpe'tJ:aeMocTII 'tJ:epHoi1: RpRRBbI B paMli'tJ:HbIX nyHRTaX
lOI'a BOCTO'tJ:HOi1: CII6IIpII. Ha OCHOBaHIIII 06061l1eHllil 3THX .n;aHHbIX,
H.r .CRpR6rm llil c,n;eJIaJI BHBO,n; 0 pacII1:1iIpemm ee apean:a B CeBG-
po-Sana,IJ,HOM HaIIpaBJIeImII. ITo;n.06Hoe .ffI3JIeHIIe OH CBfI3bInaeT C nQ-
TeDJIeHI1eM RJIl'JMaTa B IIpIIIIOORpHbIX 06.rraCTHX ceBepH01'O lI apvill.
Ha 1I0,n;06Hoe II3MeHeIme apean:OB HeROTOpbrX ITTIII( Cpe.D:Heli CII6I1pM
YRa3bIBaeT tI E.E.Cupoe'tJ:ROBCRl1H [lfjJ. 0 BCTpe'tJ:ax 'tJ:epHoi1: Rpill{BEl
3ana.n;nee EaiiRaJIa C006!!1MOCI. T.H.ranmoi1: [We Ha BO,n;OXPaHMJIII-'
!!Ie 8TY YTICY MhI OTMe'tJ:MII Heo,n;HoKpaTHo: 1966 1'. -- ORp.IIoc.Me -,
XeTyH, O,IJ:lu-rO'tJ:HaR IITlID,a ,n;epJKa.JIaCb 10-13 MaR cpe,IJ;\'! 06bIRHOBeH-
HblX RpHKB M 'tJ:I1pROB-CBIICTYHROB; ORp.IIOC. EY aR, 0,IJ;IDi 3K3eMDJIRp
OTCTpeJIFIH MeCTHllM JR'MTe eM 22 ceHTH6pH. EJrOBCRl1M 3aJIIiIB, B3pOC-
JIaJI oaMEa OTCTpeJIHHa 24 ORTH6pH II3 cTamcII B 7 oc06ei1:. 1967 r.
- OCIIHCRIIi1: 3aJIII:B, 13 MaR ,n;06bIT CeJIe3eHb II3 IIapbI C CaMKOH, ce-.
MeHHl'JRII 44,6 X 22,9 - 43,2 X 20,3 MM. 3 MaR 1969 1'. B OICpeCT-
HOCTHX EaJIaI'aHCRa ,n;ooHTa CaNlM lIS rrapu C CarJI:qoM, ,IJ;\'!aNleTp HaI1-
60RDIIIe1'o qJOJIJI1'!I<,y.rra 10 MM. B 3TOM :!Ke 1'o.ny, B 15 RM HIDKe IIOC.
ITepBoMaiicK, 4 moIm B paclIa,II,!{e cpe.D:II Me OJIeCM HaiI,n;eHo 1'HeS-
,n;o C TO :I{O 'tJ:TO Ha'tJ:aToM RJI8.II,ROi1: (I o). B BepllIIHe Y,n;l'JHCR0-
1'0 3MKBa 17, 21 ceHTH6pH BCTpe'tJ:eHbI 2 cTai1Rl1 'tJ:epHbIx RpHKB lIS
5 M II oc06ei1:, o.D:Ha II'l'III(a ,n;06bITa. Ha OCHOBaHlm 3TIIX MaTepIIa-.
OB 'tJ:epHyro R:pRRBY MOmIO BRJIIOtIIITI. B ICaTe1'Opmo pe,n;rorx, 1'He3,IJ;H-
15
IQ1IXC.fI nTIJIJ; BO.n;OXpaI-I.HJll'J:llta.
CepM YTRa. WaRT rneS.n;OffimIH cepoiJ: YTror B BepXHeM I1PHaH-.
1'apI>e BnepBbIe 6WI YCTaHOMeH B 1965 1'. /jJ. ITo HaJlleMY MHemoo,
IIOJIBJIeHHe ee 3,I{eCI> He c e.TIYeT CB.fI3HBaTI> C 06paSOffiHMeM JJoO.n;o-,
xpamfJIlllija. qHc eHHOCTI> ee, RaE 3TO H .n;OJDKHO 6bITI> BMH-,
SH 1'pa.HHIIPI apea.na, He BeJIl'IRa H IIO,I{BepJKeHa peSRIDJ! KOJIe6aHHffM.
TeM He MeHee, Ha BO.n;oxpaIDLmIll\e cepM YTRa BCTpe'1aeTC.fI nOBCG-'
MeCTHO. K TOt.f{ JKe 25 a:sryCTa 1969 1'. CTaHRa HS 6 oco6eiJ: OT-'
Me'1eHa HaMH sa IIpe eJIaMII BO.n;OXpaImJIl'IIIta -, YCTI>e p.BmcopeBEH
ftW. B BepxHeiJ: '1aCTH BO.n;oxpaHIDIMII{a, B 3aBHCIDJIOCTl1 OT XO)J,a
BeCHbI, nTHl(bI nOHM.ffiOTCH 29 alIpeJIH - 13 MaF! (TaM. 7). 1JE:MeH-
HOCTI> IITI'lij Ha 1Ip000eTe He Be..JrnKa. 06paSOBaHHe nap npoHCXO,I{HT
06WIRO BCKope nOMe lIpl'JJIeTa. B 1970 1'. napbI Ha'1aJm BCTpe'1an--
C.fI C 19 MaJI. )f CaMOK, .n:66bITbIX IO HmH 1965 1'. (O.OCHHCroriJ:) JI
16 HIDHH 1969 1'. (Y,JJ;HHclmiJ: S-B), B .ffi1:qeBo.rr.ax Hal1,n;eHH I'OTOBbIe
R OTKJIa.IJ;I{e HIJIJ;a, 06e IITHIU:J .n;epJKa.Jm:cI> B IIape C nCa aMH. Y caM-
14 moIm ceMeHIDIror OCTH:ra.JIH 35 X 13 -. 34 X 14 MM. rH 3.n:0
C KJIa.IJ;KOiJ: JI3 7 .fIm:( HaH.n;eHo B oRp.noc.PaCCBeT 28 moIm 1965 r.
Ha OCTpOBRe rurOll\a.IJ;HO He 6o ee 70 M 2 , sapocllIeM TpaBoiJ:. KJIa,II;Ra
CHJI:bHO HaCIDKeHa -. .n;o BbTJryTIJIeHHH OCTaBaJIOCI> He 60 ee 2-3 ,IJ;Heu.
BTopoe 1'Hes.n:o MbI HaJllJII'I 25 moIm 1970 1'. (oRp.Mo ror) Ha HU3--
ROM sapocllIeM TpaBOU 6epery, B 150 M OT BO.IJ:bI. B RJIa.,JJ;Re 8 CJIe1'-.
Ra HaCIDKeHHbIX .ffiiID;. PaSMepl:l JIX (MM): 52,3 X 36,5; 55,2 X 37,6;
52,8 X 37,6; 55,7 X 38,2; 54,8 X 38,5; 53,3 X 38,3; 55,6 X
38,0; 53,9 X 37,3.
HCHOiJ: RapTuHH oceHHero 1Ip000eTa Y cepbIx YTOR MbI He Ha6.mo--
.n;aJIH, HO, cy.n;.fI no BCTpe'1aM - 25 a:BI'YCTa (ycTI.e p.BmcopeBI{JI),
3 ceHTH6p.a: (YHI'HHC:KIDI: 3-'B) H 9 ceHTH6pH (ORp.EaJIaI'aHCRa), oc-
HOEHM Macca '1TJI:q OT eTaeT YYO.e R cepe,IUIHe ceHTH6p.a:. CaMa..fI
IIOS,IUJ.f.[.fI BC'Tpe'1a CTaHmI H3 7 oc06eu saperHcTplIpoBaHB 23 ceH-'
T.fI6p.fI 1966 1'. B 3aJ.!HBe EOJLbllIOH MaMHpI. (oRp.3aqpcRa).
CBIDIS:b. B npe.n;eJIaX BO.n;OxpaHRJIMII{a CBMS:b Ha rne3.n;OB:be HC-
KJIIOqHTeJII>HO pe,n:Ka, HO o6mHa Ha BeceHHeM II MH01'O'tfiIMeHHa Ha
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peM - Ha'1aJIe MaJI C 06pa30ffiHHeM Ha BO.n;OxpaHRJIlllije IIpJI6pe.JKHbIX
paSBO,IUlli. BaJrOBOH 1Ip000eT IIpoJICXO,I{HT B ROHD;e IIepBOH 1I0000BHHbI
Ma.fI. OT,IJ;bIXalOlJ1IIe JI ROPMRmlIeCH IITJIII,T:1 .n;epJKaTC.fI 60 IrrnMH CTaJThIJJI
IIO 100-300 oco6eH Ha MeJIKOBO,IJ;:b.fIX 11 HJI3RMX OTRpbITbIX oCTpoBax
16
Ta6JIl'III.a 7
g)eHOJI01'M IIpo eTa JI '1UC eHHOCTI. C epoH
YTKJI Ha BO ,()XpaImJIl'Ill\e
MecTo Ha6.mo-- rO.I\ ITpOJIeT K-:BO 'IHMo
eHM Ha'1aJIO ROHe Y'1eTHbIX BCTpe'1eH-
HeM HIDe IITIJIJ;
ITepBOMaHCR 1966 II,Y 20.Y 9 17
EHJIb'1Hp 1967 29.1Y 2 5
EaJraraHcR 1969 13.Y 26.Y 9 47
06yca 1970 2.Y 17.Y 15 121
JI ROCax. HB.lI60 llIee ROJIl'I'1eCTBO nTJI:q, sape1'JIcTplIpoBaHHIiX sa
.n;em Ba.nOB01'O IlpOJIeTa, COCTaBH.1.to B 1970 1'. 450 oc06eH (Ta6 .
8).
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qHc eHHOCTI. CBHHSJI Ha BeceHHeM IlpOJIeTe B
OCHHCROM 3aJ.!HBe
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B TOM '1RC e IIO II.R:TR.InIeBKaM
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13,4 81,0 5,2
17 20 12
41 450 20
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450
7
RaR B HO HS Ta6.imI$ 8, B 1970 1'. MacCOBllft IIpOJIeT Ha1JaJICSi
CIIyCT.fI 8 .I\Heit C MOMema nOJIBJIeHH.R: nepe.I\oBlix lITHO; H SaROH1IHJI-
CS! B Te1JeIJJlIe 8-10 ,IUieiJ:. Cpe.I\Hee tmCJIO YTOR B CTae - 16, HO
BCTpe1JalOTcS! rpymm HS 30-50,aco6eM. B ROHne BTOpOH eRa.wt MalI
17
CBmIS:b B BepXHeii 'tiaCTH BO.n;OXpa.mIJmlll8. IIO'tiTJI He BCTpe'tiaeTcsr. B
HIDltHeii JKe, IIO.a::eJl.HfIC:b Ha He.n;eJIlO IIOS.u;Hee, 1ITJ1IWi .n;eptaTC.H O
Roa:qa MaJI. Bce aRSeMILJIsrpH, .n;06HTHe BecHoti, o'tiem. xopomeii ym!:-
TaHHOCTJi!, Bec Ca.MD;OB -670-850, CaMOR - 540-700 1'r. PasMepH
ceMeHHBKOB Y CaMIJ:OB, .n;06HTI:lX B IIepBbtx 'tIHCJIax MM, .n;OCTm'8JI1'I
20,9 X II,O - 18,3 )G 9,8 MM, a ;nHaMeTp HaPlOOJI1>mero WOJIJmK,Y.na.
CaMKIiI, .n;06HTOii 12 MaJI, COCTaBJISIJI 4,8 MM.
K 1'He3.n;OBaH1'IIO Cm'!.HSIiI lIpIiICTYrram 15-20 MM. I'Hes.n;o C He-
nOJIlwii KJIa,JJ;Koii IiIS 7 mID: HaJIDIn 5 moHiI 1970 1'. OHO p8CIIO.na.ra-
OC:b Ha CMOHe 1'OpH B 15 M OT TponH B l\VCTax T8BOJII'H. K 7 mo-
HiI B KJIa.u;Ite 6bI 0 YJKe 9 'tiIiICTO 6eJII:lX .HIDJ;. Pa3MepH .rom; (MM):
53,7 X 37,2; 54,0 X 36,9; 53,1 X 37,4; 54,2 X 36,6; 54,6 X
35,9; 53,6 X 36,7; 54,5 X 37,2; 54,1 X 36,3; 53,9 X 37,1.
Cpe,IUIHii Bec EX COCTam'IJI 43,7 1'. IToCeTIiIB I'Hes o 12 MaJI,,MH 06-
HapyEJiIJIl'I TOJIhKO 4 .Riin.a., R 13e'tiepy aToro JKe .u;HH IiI OHM IiIC'tieMIiI.
HeCOMHeHHO, :mes.n;o 6wro pa30peHO 130pOHarvm, ROTopHe 1'Hes.n;H-
JIHC:b B 400 M BbIIlle no CMOHY. BlffiO.n;OR H3 6 TOJI1>RO "'ITO Bwrymm-
Ill'IXCH nyXOm'!1lliOB (BeC 3r, 7 r) MbI BCTpeTMJIH II HIOJIil 196'9 1'. B
MaJrnmeBCRoM 3a.JmBe. ORpacRa nyXOBbIX IlTeHIJ:OB CBmISH .n;OBOJI:DHO
cBoe06pa3Ha - CnHHHaH cTopoHa 'tiepHOBaTo-6ypa.a: C xopdmo 3aMeT-
HhlM 1lM000eTOBbIM OTTeHROM, 60Ra cBeT o-:6ypHe, 6pKIDRO JKeJITOBa-
Toe. FORa rO OBbI pwrure, MIOB IiI JIaIIbI 'tiepHo-,6YpbIe. B TyHIrnHC-
Roii .n;OJIHHe TOJII.RO 'tiTO BbI.nyImBlllIiIXCH IITeHIJ;OB Cm'!.HSIiI A.A. CJfY]J.C-
:EGrli BCTpeTRJI 13 moJIJI ["W.
CO BTopoii IIOJIOBHHH 8BrycTa CBmISH BHOB:b CTaHOBHTC.II 06wr-
H.bIJIlli Ha BO.n;oxpaHRJIJiIlqe. Ha nn:ecax MeJIROBO.u;HbIX 3aJIIiIBOB OIm 06-.
pasym 60JI:&illl1e CKonn:eHHff .n;o 700-1000 oc06eH. 06lliee 'tiIiIC O
IIT:mJ;, ycITeHHbIX C I no 25 ceHTH6p.H 1970 1'. B OcHHCROM 3aJIIiIBe,
COCTaBRJIO 3900 oc06eH (Ta6 . 9).
KaE 13W(HO HS TaM:mJ;bI 9, M8CCOBbIH lIpOJIeT ,IJ.Jll'I CH 13-15 :n;HeH;
HaIiI60 ee BbICORM 'tiHCJIeHHOCT:b OTMe'tieHa 130 BTOpoH .n;eRa.n;e CeHT.H6-
pH. Sa 15-16 ceHTH6pH 1965 1'. (MeJI:bXe'Tyfi) HaMI'I 6HJIO .n;06IlTO
23 CIlliH3R (17 Ca.MU;OB H 6 CaMOR), npH'lJ:eM Bee OHIiI 6wrn: MOJIO.n;H-
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pH Ha PhI6HHCROM BO.n;oxpaHRJIWlle yxa3lffiaeT IiI B. B. HeMIJ;eB fw.
IIpo.u;oJL1!G'J:TeJI1>HOCT:b OCeHHe1'O npo eTa COCTaBJIHeT B cpe.n;HeM 34
.u;HH.
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18
TaMIiII(a 9
lJ:IiIc eHHOCT:b CBHH3H Ha oceHHeM IIpo eTe
B OCIiIHCROM 3a.JmBe, 1970 1'.
Sa Bce B TOM 'tiHC e IIO IIJITH.u;HeBKaM
:BpeMH C e H T .H 6 P :b
HaMro- 16 0 21-25
.n;eHIiIii 1-5 6-10 II-15
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To JKe B % 100 0,7 22,3 4,3 34,9 0,8
Cpe.n;Hee 'tIHCJIO
YTOR 13 CTae 27 II 18 34 30 r2
MaxCIiIMaJI:bHOe 'tiIiIC-
o IITIDJ; sa .n;eHI. 870 II 179 870 597 17
HaMIiI peR AHI'apbI IiI JIeHbI, IIO .n;aHHbIM IO.A.IIcaEOBa 18--1. HaXO,TI;I'ITCH
13 paMOHe mm60JI1>meH 'tlliCJIeHHOCTIiI TpeCKYHKa Ha 1'Hes.n;OB:be. Enle
B IIepHO.n; 3arIOJIHeIm.H BO.n;oxpaHRJIJiIlqa (1964-1966 1'1'.) 'tIHCJIeHHOCTI-
I'HeS XCH s.n;eC:b IlTmJ; 6wra 60JI1>mon. C IIo.n;'beMOM YYOBHH BO,D;bI
.n;o IIpoeRTHoH OTMeTIrn B 1967 1'. Tpa:s.mrn:cTHe HIiIsMeHHocTH, CJrY-
JKHBIllHe OCHOBHbIMR MeCTaMIiI 06HTaID'IH TpecR:YHKoB, 8aTOImJIO. Ha
cyxo.n;o ax, paCIIO OJKeHHbIX no ROpeHHOMY n06epeJK:bIO, OIm rHes-
,TI;I'IT:bCH He CTaJIIiI.,H 'tIHCJIeHHOCT:b IlTIiII( peSRO CORpaTHJIaC:b. B HaC-
TO.ffiIjee BpeMff TpeCRYHKOB c e.u;yeT OTHeCTH R pasp.ff;[(y pe.u;Ito rnes-.
.IJ.ff1I\IDCC.H. B BepXHeH 'ti8CTH Bo.n;oeMa 'tiH:pRl1 IIOHBJIm:JTC.II .n;OBOJI1>HO
IIOS.n;HO. HaHOOJIee paHHiIH .IT.aTa npnxO,TI;I'ITCH Ha 3 Mafl 1967 1'., a
nos)J;H.!I.H - 14 Mafl 1969 1'. (TaM. 10).
KaE BJ1J,WIO HS Ta6J:rmJ;H 10, 'tIHCJIeHHOCT:b TpecK,YHKOB Ha BeceH-
HeM lIpOJIeTe He BeJIBKa. B03MOJKHO, aTO OcY:oHCHiIeTCH npo eTOM
OCHOBHoii M8CCH IITH:q B HO'tllWe BpeMff, 'lJ:TO HaMIQIJ;aJI, HalIpIiIMep,
Ha PH6HHCROM Bo.n;oxpaFlli.JllIl!!e B.B.HeM:qeB L9J. RJIH OT'IaCTH TeM,
'ITO nos.n;HO IIpo eTaKII(He IITJ2[l]J:iI MaJIO sa,n:epiKID3aIOTC.H Ha nyT.fIX
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CeROMI:le H me :mHHKPI - 06HJIbHbI TOJIhKO B 8apoC .fIX BO.n;HbIX pac-
19
Ta6.n:mJ;a 10
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lIpOJIe- IIpo e- .wreif BCTpe-
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12.Y 24.Y 6 172
3,Y 17.Y 3 21
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5.Y 16.Y II 36
23.Y 18.Y
24.Y
lIoc.ITepBoMaiiClt 1966
IIoc.ERJI:&'tJRp 1967
lIoc.Ma.mlmeBKa 1968
IIOC.Ea.11a.:raHCR 1969
lIoc.06yca 1970
lIoc.EpaTcK 1966
1I0c.EpaTcK 1969
Temrn:, MOIqa.,IJ;K ROTOpl:lX Ha MeJIROB01J;P.8X IIPH cYJ.!{ecTBYJQII\eM !'H.IJ:-
po OI'R'tJeCROM peJKEMe RpaiiHe MaJIbI. Y.'IKe Ha lIpOJIeTe IITmJ;I:l ,n;ep-
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eJIl>H01'O BospacTa - 27 :wwIH. Y IITeHD;a DeCOM 167 1', .IJ:06moro
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BeCPIJI yxe 257 1', KpoIOO!He RpliJIa., MaXOBHe H '!'pH RprorIlli.X rrapli
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6I:lJI0 saperHCTpHPoBaHO B 1965 1'. - 9 BHBO.D:KOB, 1966 r. -. 3
20
H B 1969 -. I. B eTiIee BpeMH 1966 1'. B HIDKHeiJ: 'tJaCTH BO.n;oxpa-
HHJmlI!i;t (ORp. IIOC. ByJIaR) OTMe'tJeHO ooero 3 TpecRYHKa. B 1970 1'.
Ha Bcet!: TepproopJolliI BO,n;OXpa.H:l'IJIHrnp. JIeTOM TpeCRYHKH HaMP! He
BCTpe'tJeHH. OCHOBHI:lM MeCTOM Roa:qeHTpa.IJ;ffH TpeCl'\fHKOB Ha JIHHDl'\f
B Cn6HpP! CJJyJEaT Eapa6p!HCKHe osepa. Ha BO,n;oxpalIHJIEII\eJIHH.ffIffi'
JmIll]J e,1J;l'IIDPIHbIe IITIDJ;bI. OceHmrn: OT eT TpeCl'\fHKoB Ha'tJRHaeTC.ff B
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ITepBoMrorcR 1966 23.YIlI 29.YllI 3.1X 7.1X 6 305
EaJIaraHcJ\ 1968 28.YllI 22.YllI 4 32
J EaJIa1'aHCR 1969 21.YIlI 2.1X II 18
Ea.11a.:raHCR 1970 9.YIlI 25.YII 16 21
EpaTcR 1966 7.YIll 8.YllI 16.YllI 23.YllI 7 386
EpaTcK 1969 14.YIll 21.YllI 7 13
CYM IIO Ta6JIH:qe II, cpe.wrei1: .n;aToM Ha'tJaJIa IlpOJIeTa B Bepx-
HeM 'tJaCTH BO.n;oxpaHHJI1'JII\a .ffBJI.HeTC.ff 18 anrycTa, B HmKHeM - OT-
eT Ha'tJPIHaeTCR HeCROJIl>RO paHIillIe. lIHc eHHocT:& IITH:q Ha IIpo eTe
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ITepBOMaHCR 1966 9.Y 24.Y 217
EHJJ::b'tJHp 1967 7.Y 19.Y 105
Ea..7Ia.raac R 1969 20.Y 27.Y 17
06yca I970 IO.Y 21.Y 43
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IOT BCTpe'tJaTDCH cpasy JKe no n:pHJIeTY. K 8T0MY' BpeMeHH 1Ip:H6peJlt-
HM Me OBo.IUIaJI SOBa YJKe OCTaTOTfHO 1Ip01'peBa€TCH, :H s;n.eC:b no-
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8T:HX nT:H .
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(CaMOK C 1'OTOBb1M R RJIa,'II,Ke .F.Ii:i OM MIi ;n.06wnr 19 H 24 moM). Har-
JI.ff,IJ;HbIM npHMepoM '1'01'0, 'tJTO yc om'J:.fI BO.n;oxpaHRJImqa ,JJ;1IH nmpoEO-
HOCRK He 6.rrarOnp1lHTHbI, CJJyJKaT Me;n.yIDIItI'Ie IJ;IIqJpbJ. B 1965 1'. Ha-
MH 6WlO HaH;n.eHo 1 rne3.n;0 H 5 BbIBO.n;ROB Ha 10-EM yqacTRe II06e-
penH. B 1966 r. Ha aTOM Jlte yqaeTRe Halt,II;eHo Bee1'O I rnes;n;o.
B 1967-1969 IT. nmpoRoHocOK B rnes.n;OBoe :BpeMH Ha BO.n;OXps.HHJll1-
e Boo6II1e BCTpe'tJeHO He 6b!JI0. .fumr:b B 1970 1'. IIOCJIe na.n;eHHH
ypOBM BO;rw C oceHH 1968 r. H noc e;n.yIDIIIerO OTHOC:HTe.n::bH01'O IIO-
CTO.fIHCTBa e1'O BIIJIOT:b O moM 1971 1'. WHpOROHOCRa BHOBI> IIO.fIBH-
.uaC:b Ha rnes;n.OB:be: HaH;n.eHo 2 rnes;n.a l7[ 3 WBO,n;Ita. rHes.n;o yrrRa
;n.e.uaeT B He60JI:bWOM eCTeCTBeHHOM YI'JJy6JIemlli Ha CYXOM MeCTe
HeB,IJ;aJIeRe OT BO.D:H. HMKy BbICT1!fJIaeT CYXOM npOlllJIOI'D,'II,HeM TpaBOH
H nyxOM, KOJIwrecTBO ROToporo yreJJFmBaeTCH no Mepe OTRJIa,'II,KH
mru;. Pa3Mepbl }Hes;n.a B MM (3): ,IJJ!8MeTp rnes,IJ,a - 180, ,IJJ!aMeTp
OTKa - 150, 1'JJy6HHa OTRa 80 fIlM. Pa3MepH sm:q B MM (27):
51,9-54,2 X 35,7-37,9 MM. Penpo.n:yRTHBHblli mm.rr rros.n;mrti H B
CB.fISH C oc06eHHOCTBM:H rn.IJ;pOJIOrmeCR01'O peJKl'JMa CHJThHO paeT.fI-
IJyT - IIOpoM ;n.o 75-80 .n;HeM. B CMSH C 8THM R Ha'tJ8.7JY oceHHeM
OXOTH IIT:HqbJ B 60JIDnmHCTBe CBoeM He ycrreBaIOT IIo;n;rrm:bC.fI Ha KpbI-
O. Y IITeHIJ;OB, .n;06b1THX r6 aBrycTa.xopomo paSBHTbI ROHTYpHbJe
rrepI..fI Ha s06e, rpy,IJJ!, 6pKIllRe, rro,IlXBOCT:be, 60RaX H 1'O eHH.
TIyxoBOH IIO:KpOB 06H eH Ha 1'OJIOBe, mee, cmme, rrpe,'II,IIJIe'tfbHX 11
Ha,IOCBOCTI.e, HO H 3.n;eC:b Ha'tJaJIae:b 3aKlIa;n.Ra KOHTYPHbIX. Py eBbIe
oTpocm[ Ha 47 MM, IIepBOCTeneHHbIe MaxoBbJe B RHCTO'tJRax - .n;o
17 MM. Y nTH 0'1' 28 aBrycTa poCT KOHTYPH01'O OrrepeHRff IIO'tJT1'I
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C MOMeHTa BHJIyIIJIeHIDI .n;o rro;n.'.beMa Ha :Kp 0 BbIBO;IJ;K1'I nmpoRO-
HOCOK .n;ep1KaTC.fI B6JI:l'IS:H CBOeI'O rHe3.n;OBoro yqaeTRa. Ha o.Ocmr-
CROM, Hanpl'JMep, OH1'I .n;ep1KaJIl1C:b B pa.n;I'rYce 400 M. MOJIo.n;bJe, no;n.-
H.HBlli1'IeC.fI Ha KpwrO, cpasy Jlte Be,IJyT CaMOCTOHTeJIDHbIM 06pas JJGiS-'
Irn:. C 8'1'01'0 BpeMeHH Y Irn:X Ha"IIDIaeTC.fI rrepHO;n. eTHe-'oceHHIDC
KOqeBOK H OT eT, CpoIm ROTOpbIX rrpoMe.n;:l'IT:b 1Ip1'I MaJIOM tmC eH-
HOCTH B1'I,JJ,a HaM He y,naJIOCI.. ,
C116:I'IPCRaff 1'ara. B ra3eTe "BOCTO'tJHO-,CH6HpcRaH lIpaB,JJ,a" 0'1' 22
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23
B Ha1'ffi.JIe .n;eKa6Pff Ha EpaTCROM BO OX
noc. ORTHc5pDCIm1f c5wra 0c5 p:tImJImIte B ORpecTHOCT.RX
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poR CJIy'lJaH .n;06WIH CTeJIJIepo aHIDI. KpOMe TOro, STO yxe BTC-.
p. Qa..n;06en; (npl'ITOR AHrapbI) ra:rn B IIpHlmrapM. B YCTDe .
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't-"v TCROM OTMe1JeHa 14 MaJ3: ':2 7 H
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IIepBaH oceHHHH BCTpe1Ja CTaH 35
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CTpHpoBaHa 19 ORTH6pH 1966 oc06eM Sape1'H-
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ee CTaJIa pesRo na,n;aTL B 1965- 1] 1 ° eHHIlX YTo,IUlli 1JEJC eHHOCT:b
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nTHIJ; Ha 1Ip000eTe HeBeJJHRa. B OcmrcRoM 3aJIlIDe B nepHO;n C 7 IIO
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ROPil.mIUIeCH IITIrIJP! .n;epJKaTCfl Ha MeJIROOO;n.BillC nJIecax B,IJ;MH OT 6e-
pe1'a COBMeCTHO C I'01'OJI.RMH. TOKyJOnnrX ce esHeH MH He Hac5JJIO,IT,aJl1'I.
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B 1965 1'. Y CaMKI'J:, 06I:lTOi1: 15 JiIIOIm, ;nHaMeTp HaH60JIbme1'o
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COCTOffill'110 .ffi1: eBO,IJ,a, yJKe OT OJKPIJIa .a:i1:u:a, MbI ;n06bIJJH 27 moM JiIS
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IITJiID; ;nBe OKa3aJIHC:b MOJIO;nHMH Ca.MI:(aMJiI, a CaMKa, .n;06HTaH 13 ceH-
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Hero Oc5J11:TaHHH He60 mo1'o "tfJl!CJJa MOJIO;IJ;HX, He IIpmn'IMaKlIiHX y-qac-
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25
,n;o:xpaJm.JI e, KpoMe eTImX BCTpe'1, OTMe'1eHO He 6wro.
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Bc e,n; sa Rpmm C OHBJIS3IOTCH
nOS,n;HJI.!I _ 3 MaH 969 a;a.a: paHHHH .IfP.Ta IIpllJIeTa 19 anpeM 19671'.,
HJI!.JIH a II ., B Cpe.n;HeM B BepXHeti '1acTII BO,n;OXpl-
lli TIDJ;b! nOHBJIS3IOTCH 25 aIIpeJ.I.!I B W""U <>
l103iKe II ' xJ.m.Uell JKe - Ha He emo
<> . n po,n;OJDiUITeJ.IJiliOCTI, IIpo eTa COOTBeTCTBemro 19 1'[ 12-15
.n;Hell. p:roreTaIOT 1'01'OJrn: CTatiR&m E:S 8-20 ac06 <> IT
: BCKpbITIDI SaJIEBOB) OHE: ,n;epJKaTcR IIO Jry'%ID/J. :':';OE: e:: : :_
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7 ,IJ;r-IeE: '1MCJIemrOe npeBocxo,n;CTBO B CTaRX. a aJIa IIpRJIeTa 3-
(COOTHOlll H1'[e 2:1). ITocTeneHHo OHO npllHaMeJKMT CaJlllU,aM
He IIepBOE: ,n;eRa,TI;l:1 Ma.a: BbIraBHEBaeTCR, 1'[ It cepe,n;M-
<> nT1'J1U>I BCTpe"tffi.Ial'CH nap&m eIl!e npE:
BaHCI, CTaM. 1J1rCJIeHHOCTI, 1'OI'O eE: Hft ' epJKE:-
Ra B O ,1TU BeceHHeM IIpOJIeTe HeBeJrn:-
. .....uOM MS 3aJIID30B BepXHe:fi '1
mrHOM 10-KM Ma .. acTE: BO,n;OXpaIDIJ.I1IIij'l Ha IIOCTO-
(Ta6 . 13). pnpyTe sa 25 .D:HeH OLI O no,n;C'1E:TaHO 17m oc06E:
Sa BpeMH B TOM '1HC e no IDITI'I.n;HeBRaM
Ha6Jnqn,e--
IDIE: AIIpeJ.II, Mali
21-25 26-30 1-5 6-IO II-15
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100 1,7
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o TM:q,OTMe'1eH-
Hoe sa ,n;eHI, 305 II 105 305
179 34
Co :BCl<pHTHeM sa.JmBOB rrpOJIeT 1'01'OJIeM Ira BO,n;OxpaHHJI e sa-
:KaH1iEBaeTcR. IToc e 20 Ma.!I OHE: BCTpe'1aIOTCR O'1eHI, pe.n;Ko. C Ha-
qaJIa I'IKIH.!I Ha MeJIKOBO)J/HJIX n ecax BROBI, nO.m3JLffIal'CH cTa:iiiKE: MO-
0.u;blX 1'o1'o efi, He IIpE:Hl'JM8lOI!IIDC yqacTRH B p3.3MHOJKeHI1l1. Ha IJJle-
ce MeJI:bXeTyi-j:CR01'O sa.JmB8. II :moHH 1966 1'. oTMeqerrO 3 CTaHrol B
5,8 1'[ 20 ocooe:fi, 12 :moHH s;n;ecI, JKe IIO,n;C'lE:TaHO 50 I'OI'O eE:. Me-
o.n;E:le IIT ,n;epKaTCH Ha BO,n;OxpaHRJI1'IIJ1e ,n;o 15 WOJI.!I. IIo3.n;Hee
OHM BCTpe'1aIOTCR yJlte pe.n;Ko. OOh1'<IHIDIIM 1'oroJrn: CTaHOBffTC.!I Ha Bo--
,n;o:xpaHRJI e IIOCJIe 20-25 aBrycTa. ITocTeneHHO EX '1MC eHHOCTI,
pacTeT, E: R KOEDY BTOpOM ,n;eKa.n;hI ceHT.!I6prr 0HI1 CTaHOBffTCR MHO-'
rO'lE:CJIeHHbIMI'J:. Ha IIJIecax Me oBO,n;HbIX Sa.ID'IBOB n B EX BepIIMHaX
IITE:IJ;bI OOp3.syIDr CROIJJleHI'I.!I ,n;o 2-3 THCH'tJ. C 18 IIO 27 ceHT.!IOprr
1963 r. HalJm 6Wl IIpoBe,n;eH yqeT rOI'OJIe:fi C RaTepa no BCen Tep-
pzTOpID1 BO,n;OxpaH:wr a C 3aJOC>'.,II;OM B HaE:60JIee KpyIIHbIe 3aJIEBH. Ha
MapnpyTe B 768 KM owro IIo,n;C'1JiITaHO 13785 IITEn.
MSMeHeHHH '1nC eHHOCTE: 1'orOJIefi Ha IIpOJIeTax B 3aBHCllMQGTH OT
Ro e6a.IDIH ypOBHH BO,n;OXpaImJIllrIJi3. MbI He oTMeqaJIn. l1acTR'IHO aTO
CB.!ISaHO co cTa6HJThHO:fi ROp,'lOBOH oaSon HbIpROB Ha Bo,n;oeMe.
OT eT 1'orOJIe:fi IIp0XO.n;liT B ROHD;e CeHTReJprr -- HaqaJIe ORT.!I6p.!I.
Ha.H60JIee IIOS,n;H.!IJI BCTpeqa cTa:iiiKn IITEn HS 7 oc06efi OTMe'ieHa
22 HO.!I6p.!I 1970 T. yJKe B nepzo,n; e,n;ocTaB8..
JIYTOK. Pe.n;KID1 IIp0 eTHID1: BM.n;. IIpMeTaIOT JryTKR ,n;OBO.JI1,HO pa-'
HO, 06WIHO co BCKPHTHeM, Bna,JJ,a.I<mEX B BO,n;OxpaImJIllIl!e peK R
06ra S ()BaHneM IIpnOpeJium:x p3.SBO;rr;ID1.. Han60JIee paliHee nO.m3JIeHI1e
oTMeqeHO IIO,n; EMI,'iHPOM - 29 anpeM 1967 1'., IIos,n;Hee -. IIO,n;
E8.l.!aI'aHCROM 19 Ma.a: 1969 1'. (Ta6JI. 14). BaJIOB01'O rrpOJIeTa, !{aK
rrpaBHJIO, He Ha6JIIQ.IJ;aeT.C.!I, ITpo eTHhIe CTatiRE: BKJllOqaror 06H'<IH0
He 60JIee 7 IITIDJ; R COCTOHT HS c<lJOIM1'IP0BaBIIMXCR nap.
Ta6.mn:r.a 14
eHO OI'H.!I BeceHHero rrpOJIeTa .nyTROB R :we 'lE:MeHHOCTI,
11 TaeJJrn:rr.a 13
Hc eHHOCTD 1'orOJIe:fi Ha BeCeHHeM IIpo eTe B
OCHHCROM 3aJII'J:Be (1970 1'. )
MeCTO Ha6JIIQTI;eH:wI To,n; Ha'la.JIO !{oHeu; l1RCJIO BcTpe'1e-
IIpOJIeTa IIpo e'l'a .D:HeE: HO IITIDJ;
yq eTa
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EHJIb'lRJ! 1967 29.1Y 3 9
EaJraraHCR 1969 19.Y 23.Y 6 27
06yca 1970 2.Y 14.Y 8 51
27
Kar{ BM.n;HO 1'[S Ta6.JIl'IL\bI 13, Oo ee nO OBl!HbI
IIDrn B nepByro IIHTI'J;IJ;HeBRY Ma.!I B nTI'I (57,1%) IIpo-
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......' MH, HO eJOJIHllaJI '1
npoIllJIa HO'1I,IO. - acTI. IITH:q, BH;IJ;HMO,
26
B MeRDXeTYMCKOM sa.mme 19.M:tfl 1965 r.
...n. Ha.MI'I 6bIJI Ao6m OROJIb-
:U;OBaHH'JUl caMe:q, ROJIb O r-l095 EoM6eti JIeTHI'JX B
Ha BO,n;OXpa1lli.1llJ:me He OTMe'IeHO. . CTpe'I JJyTKOB
Ocemulli rrpo eT JJyTKOB KaR Bec eHFmM He B
BpeMH HOCHT xapaKTep MeCTHHX rrepeMell!eH:ID1: :.:eH..H B .n;HeBHoe
OTMe'Ia..mrC:b :mrr:b MO O.Il,bIe nTHD;b1 B 1966. B STO BpeMF.r
O-J(a,Il;}'JHCKOM SMHBe Ha'IaJI 1 1'. IIpo eT JJyTROB B Ma-
Tfl6pfl (Ta6 . 15). Cfl ceHTH6pH, a SaI\OHtmJICfl 16 OR-
Q? Ta6JrHqa 15
eHO OI'Hfl OCeHHe1'O IIpo eTa YT ROB .... Tnr ..,...".
n 6JA. .n C eHHOCT:b
MecTo Ha6JrIQI\eHHfI ro Ha'IMO
IIpo eTa
MeJIbXeTYM
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1965 IO.IX I
1966 7.1X 22.1X 15
1969 3.1X 19.1X 16
1970 I8.1X 3. IX 15
1966 14.1X I6.X 9
2
36
19
49
28
IT.m:umOHOC KOOxa.m, B JIHTe
BCTpe'IH ST01'O T<"nOXMH II . O A paTYr: 7 eCTI. YRaSaIfHe aa eTHHe
...t.' p. H1'ape L . Ha BO
He 'IMCfl HoooA aHM eoo
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yr!BCTKax peKH C 6UCTPbIM Te'Ie ;M C; : WIeH KpOXM:b Ha
EOJlI.IDOM KOOxa.m, BeCHO ee IIpHTOKOB.
1'o,n;. B 1966 1'. (YH HCRHM 'I'[ BCT 'IaeTCH e,II;lUUPIHO H He KBJK;LijlM
B 1970 1'. (OCHHCICIIM S ) 3a.JlliB .n;OO IITllIJ;bJ OTMe'IeHbI 2 MaJI.
a..JmB BIIepnue O,IJ;IIHO'tffiaJ3:
29 HIDHfl, a cTaIDm. HS 9 Oc06eH _. II MaJ3: IITHqa BCTpeqeHa.
OceRbro e,IJ;1'JHCTOOHHaJ3: BCTpe'Ia 3 60JlHll R
poBaHa 7 OKTfl6p.a: 1969 r poxa.n:eI1 sapeI'HCTprr_
. B oKpecTHOCT.FIX C.ATMaRRa
Ha Y'IBCTRe p.AHrapu MeJK.IIY C )Jy6 .
xaJm> ,n;OBOJl]illO 06wnm H .IJ:e p Fa . 1!HJ'JH0 H YCT:&eM p.M.muv! RpO-
. TCfl B1I OT:b .n;o JIe.IJ:ocTana.
B -* -* -*
SaRJno'IeHHe CJIe,n;yeT CRaSaTI. ,
'ITO OCHOBImMM: WaRTOpa.Ml-I,
28
B.JIH.fIRXI!HM1 Ha. 'IHCJIeHHOCTI. BO OIIJIaBa1CJI!I'JX IITl'IIJ; EpaTCR01'O BO O-
xpamr.n:H!!ja, .lIBJLffi()TC.H: HeIIOCTO.RHCTBO 1'nmx> OI'H'IeCK01'O peJKliIMa,
emeJII.HOCTI. 'tIeJIOBeRa (Bl:mac CROTa B IIpH6peJKHOH :30He, BW1G1-
ramIe TpanbI paHHeti BeCHOH,paHHee ceHORomeIDIe, 6paROH:bepcTBO,
06JifJIHe BO,JUIO-MOTOpH01'O TpaHCIIopra). Orrpe,n;eJIeHHID1: Bpe rrpmlO-
CIIT BOpoHa., MH01'O'IllCJIeHHaJI s,n;eC:b B IIoc e,IJ;Hee BpeMfi. XmnHue
IITllIUl B BH;IJY I'!X M8.JIO't!>'J:CJIeHHOCTH He IIpmIOCHT 3aMeTH01'O Bpe,n;a.
Ms X:mJU!b!X 3BepeH, OOpo.HTHO, rrpmIOCHT Bpe,n; Jrn:cm:r.a, 't]RC eHHOCTI.
ROTOpoH B BepxHeH 'tJaCTII BO;D;oxpaHH.7I1Ill!a .n;OBOJIbHO BblCORa (1-3
BCTPe'Ill B He eJIIO).
C :qeJI:bJO IIOBb!lIIeHRff 'tIHC eHHOCTH II PaDJ'IOHa.JIl>HOI'O HCIIOJl:bSOBa-
mm BO.n;OIIJIaBaJOll\IDC II'rmJ; Heo6xo,n;l'IMo 3aKpeIIHT:b sa OXOTXOSIDfCTBa-
MI'! yro,IJ;b.H, R oplle CJr:fFaT MeCTaMll ROHD;eHTPao:mr IITH:u;. 06eclIe-
'lffiT:b oxpaHY II npoBe,n;eHHe CHCTeM9.T1ftIeCKHX 6HoTeXHWIeCK1'IX Mepo-
npIDITID1 ('tIepeHRoByJO IIoCa,IJ;KY HEll II TOIIOM B IIpH6peJKHoiJ: SOHe,
IIOCeB OROJlOBO;rumx paCT em, YCTOH'mBbIX It ROJre6amrnM BO,JUIOI'O
ypOBH.H, HS1'OTOB.JIeHHe HCKycCTBemmx 1'HeS;D;OBID1:, HCTPe6 eFme
BOpoH B rnes,n;oBbIX yro,n;:&.fIX, IIOCeB RY I.TypHbIX 3JIaROB B SOHe
IIO TOIIJ!eFmH).
JIHTEPATYPA
I. B a H m T e M H E.r. K SRO 01'RH HeRoTopbIX peTfHbIX
YTOR BpaTCR01'O Bo.n;oxpaHn a. - YTfeH.3aII./MpKYT IIe,n; MH-T.,
1967, T.I, c.67-72.
2. BOT 11 H IJ; e B R K Ha6 !O.n;eHM Ha,n; MHrpa:u;He D ac-
TMHqaTORnIOBbIX B pa OHe Bepxne1'O TeTf€HRfl AH1'apH - Tp./BoCT.-
CR6.1'oC.YH-T, 1942, T.2, BblII.3, c.42-54.
3. BOT l'! H IJ; e B K K. K BOIIPOCY 0 nyT.fIX MMI'paIJ;Hn
ORTYHa B BoCTOTfHO CH6RpH - HpRyTCR, 1947, c.II8-I22.
4. r a l' 11 H a T.H. ITTM$ BoCTOTfHO:H Cl'!6HpH (CIIMCOR Ii
paClIpocTpaHeHMe)t - Tp./BaprysHH.roc.3anOBe.D:H , 1961, BHII.3,
c.99-I2I.
5. r a l' H H a T.H TIpHMeqaHM.H 11 OIIO HeHM R CIIMCRy
IITIlIJ; BoCTOTfHOS C116Hpll. - Tp./BapryS1lHv1'Oc.saIIOBe,IJ;H., I962,
BHII.4, c.203.-209.
6. 11 SMa 0 B H.B. ITTMIJ;bI BHTIlMCR01'O MOCR01'OpLR. -
Y aH-Y S: paTCKoe RH H3.n.aT., I967.. 303 C.
'7'. 11 B a H T e p 8;.B. K 6HO 0I'MJ'J RpRRBhI B KapeJOO1. - B
RH.: DPHMTO OI'HR, M.. 1968, BbIII.9, c.I69-I78.
29
,B. 11 caR 0 B D.A. ITO,ItCeMeMCTBO YTRl'l. - B RH.: ITTHI,U,I
COBerCRoro Comsa. M., 1952, T 4.- 640 C. .
9 HeM I:( e B B.B OXOTHMqI,e-IIpOMbIC OBHe IITM[(bI PH6MH-
CR01'O BO,ItoxpaHMJllU1la. - Tp';/lIaPBPIR.1'OC. SaIIOBe,Il,H. Bo o1' a
1956, BHIIi3, c 91-289. "
O.. II 0 T a II 0 B P;. . IITl1[(li IIaMHpa. - B RH.: 8KO 0:rnR
nTM[( M.: HaYRa, 1966, c 3-120.
II. P e M M e p c H./li. ITTl1[(bI M ell:urmTalOlliHe I01ltHOl1 TaM-
1'H Cpe,Il,Hea C116HPH. - M.: HaYRa, 1966. - 419 C.
12. P a .n; e oHeceHHR HaTypa cTa CM6HpCROa aRcne-
.ItR[(aH. - BeCTHMR/PrO, 1B56, Tf I5 RH Y. c;62-84.
13. C R P R 6 M H H r;, /li M 0 HOB K II. MaT€pMa K
waYHe nTl1I:( ceBepO-BOCTOTfH01'O II06epeEDR EagRa a - T /Ea
SMH . p. p1'Y-
.roc.saDoBe R. 1962, BHII.4, c.119-191.
14. C K p..fI 6 H H H.r: PacurnpeHHe apeaJIa 'lepHO RpR1tBbI
B IIpH6aMR8RDe.; - B RH.: OpHMTO OI'M.fl M 1963 '
315. ,., , BHn.6, c.311-
15. C H P 0 e q ROB C K J'J a E.E. MSMeHeHHe apea OB
IITH:q B Cpe,Il,Hea CM611PH B pesY DTaTe IIOTeII eH1l.fl KJIHMaTB Ii BOS-
eaCTBM. Tf€ OBeRa. - B RH.: OPHl1TO Or1lR M 1960
c.212-219. ' ., , B1m.3,
16 T 0 q n H B.A. ITTM[(bI D06epeEbR EpaTCR01'O BO,ItOXpa-
Hl1 lI{a. - B RH.: MaTeplolaJIH HaY'lHOa ROHtiJ. sa 1969-1970 1'1'
(Tes..n;oM.J!MPKYT.1'OC.YH-T. MpRYTCR, 1970. BHII.4, C.17-18.
H. M. MeJI1:>mmoBa , H. M. K.7mMeHRo
HEKOTOlliE 1lEPI'hI 3KOJIOnrn: BO OIIJIABA.KIIMX JJ,FJIbThI
p.CE'JIEHTI1
B IIOCJIePneM ,IteCSlT1t7.!eT1'II'I y:eeJIIPmJIoc:b Bos eHcTBHe aHTpono-
1'eHHHX qJaRTOpoB H8. BO,It OIIJIaB8-KII{.IDC IITIDJ;, lITO BHSBaJIO nOBceMeCT-
Hoe CHmlteHHe HX tmCJIeHHOCTH BaR H8. IIpo,7IeTe, TaR II Ha rnes-
0m..!D{. 3HalIRTeJI:bHO YBeJIHlmJIC.!l "npecc" OXOTH.
B CMS1'1 C TeM, 1ITO ,IteJI1:>Ta p.CeJIeHI'H HBJIJieTC.!l OCHOBHbIM Mec-
TOM .1JHKbRH, I'HeS OBaH1'IH 11 OC!I!a.aOBOR YTOR Ha npOJIeTe B BOCTOlI-
HOH C1'16HpJ! Haspe a Heo6xo.n;EMOCT:b o:qeBRT:b COBpeMeHlIOe COCTO.HIm3
1I1ICJIeHHOCT1'1 Ii onpe.n;eJIHT:b pasMepl .n;o6wm BO,n;OlL7IaBaIOlItIDC. Peme-
BRe aT1'JX BOnpoCOB BaXHO H nOTorq, 1ITO npOIllJIO yxe 10 eT C IIO-
CJIe,IJ;Hero ee 06CJIe.n;oBaHM. Sa. aTO BpeMH npoRSOIllJIO MHOro 1'13Me-'
HeHKH RaR B nplrpO,lU1OH 06CTaHOBRe (IIOCTpottKa llPKYTCROH r8C H
saperyJIHpoBaIme CTOKa Ea.i1Ka.1Ia, IIOCTpOHRa CeJIeHI'HHCR01'O ne.n-
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Ime II MeJIHopaTI'IBHHe pa60TH B IIotiMe peRM).
OCHOBHoe BHHMrome HaMH 6wro HaIIpaMeHO H8. 1'1syqeIme 6HOTo-
mrqeCR01'O pacnpe e eH1'IH BO.ItOlL7IaBalDUtRX B ,n;eRDTe p.Ce.neHI'H,
IL7IOTHOCTH I'Hes o:saHID! B p8.3JIHlIHBX 6IIOTOlIax It! yqacTRaX eJI1:>TH,
YClIeIIJHOCTH paSMHOJIteHWI 1'1 qJaRTOpoB, ee o6ycJI8.BJIl'IBaJOIItWC.
MaTepmum co6paHH B 1974-1976 1'1'. Ha yqacTRe roo F:1l-. EH-
JIO IIpo 07lreHO ORO O 800 KM nenmx 1'1 3000 RM 0 01IHHX MapmpYTOB.
,IT.ml BH.IiCHeHHH IL7IOTHOCTH I'He BaHWI 1'1 p8.3Me1l\eImlI IITIDJ; sa.n:07lre-
HO 12 yqeTHWC IL7I01l\8,1l;OR o611\eH IIJIOI!1a.1n>ID 940 1'a. IIo,n; IIOCTO.!lHIWM
Ha eHHeM HaxO,1J;WIOC:b 256 rHes,n; pelIHIlX }'TOR It! 69 - ImpKOBWC
(121 - RpliRBH, 87 - JmL710XBOCTH, 43 - nmpoKOHOCKH, 5 - tmpRa.-
CBHCTY1IR8-, 43 - KpacHOrOJIOBOrO HHPRa. H 19 - XOXJIaTOH lIepHe-
TH). IIpz rH6emr KJIa,IUm onpe,n;eJIHJmc:b npHtIJIlHH, BHSBa.B1IIHe ee.
OImcaHO 130 KJIa,IJ;OK }?elIHWC 1'1 159 BHpKOBHX yTOK, (59 - KpmtBH,
37 - IIIRIIOXBOCTR, 20 - IDHpOROHOCRM, 14 - 1I1q>Ka-cBHcTYHRa, 90 -
KpaCHOroJIOB01'O HHpRa 1'1 69 - XOXJIaTOH lI6piHeTH), H3MepeHo 136
I'Hes (86 -. y pe1IHHX H 50 - Y HH:pROBHX) H 1987 (695 -'y
pe1IHHX H 392 - y HHPROBI:lX). OROJIb[(oBaHO 94 JITHr{I:l (52 - pe't!BHX
It! 42 - HbipROBl:lX). IIpH Ha6.mo,JJ;eHmI sa npOJIeTOM BO,n;OJIJIaBallJltHX 1'1
30
31
HsyqeHRl1: me pa.3MeIIteHM IIO yro :bHM 6WIO IIpoBe eHO 25 BOCLMH-
Ia'L7IOMeTpOBHX: Becemmx nelIlIDC MapnpyTOB H 30 ooemmx: II.!lTHRHJIO-
MeTpoBHX nOCTO.aHHHX O.U;O'tIHEIX MampyTOB, 34 ytIeTa HS saca,It II
43 xpoHoMeT:pa1Ka Ha YTpeHHHX H Be-qepHHX sop.a:x. B ceSOH OXOTb!
IlpOCMOTJ)eHO 60JIee 1,5 THC. YTOR, OTCTpeJIRHIIbIX OXOTmmaMH.
ITPH Ha6JllO,JJ;eHlIH sa npo eToM, pacIlpe eJIeHHeM YTOK no yro :b-
.f.!M, oIIpe.u;e eH1m 'tIH eHHOCTH rnes.Iif.[IJ.tWCc.H nT H CTenemI BJIa1K-
HOCTH MbI nPH,IJ;epJ!003aJIJircI, MeTO.u;HR H. r. CRp.a:6HHa [9 I.
CTenem HaCIDKeHHOCTH .F.I1iI( olI:pe eJLff.JIacI, no MeTo,IJy, OCHOBaH-
HOMY Ha IIoI'pYJKeHIm .mIT( B BO,IJy /3/.
.IT.7m XapaKTepHCTmtH nepRoM pa.3MHOJKeHH.H MbI nMLSOBa.[HC:b
CpORaMR OTK7Ia,IJ;RH nepD01'O , BpeMii CHeCeHH.H ROTOpo1'O YCTa-
HaBJIHBaJIOCI, no MeTO,IJ;mte C.OHHO IV. HaP.H.'l& C STEM MbI BIflRCM-
Jm ,n;aTE!, R01'.u;a B 50% rHes.u; 6WlO CHeceHO nepBoe .a:ihJ;o. IIpH oIlpe-
e eHIDI cpe,Il,He1'o RMmeCTBa .F.I1iI( B K7Ia,D;Ke II:pmJ:HMaJmCI, BO BHH-'
MaHHe .JIID1II, nMHEle HS mrrx:, IlpWIeM 6es npHSHaKOB OTKJIa,II;Im .F.I1iI(
.u;BYMH H 60 ee CaMRaM.l?I. .II8.HlIbIe CTaTHCTH'treCRH 06pa.6aTb!Ba.JJ1ICL
[c/.
Ha IOI' BaHKaJIa Bo.u;oruraBa.:lOIJ.tHe, IIO MHeHmO H. r. CRp.a:6HHa I s J,
npKJIeTaIDT IIO .u;OJIHHe p. Ce eHI'H. B 1976 1'. IIep:sm.m nOHBHJIHCI,
KpHKBbI - 2 aIIpe.n:H. OmI epJKa.7IHCL Ha nOJillm.a:x peR H OCHOBHbIX
npOTOK C 6bICTpbDV! Te-qeHHeM (K:pymrne osepa. ellie nORpI:lTb! :b.u;OM).
C II anpe.n:.fI OTMe-qaJIC.H JiX MaccoBbili npMeT, BO BpeMII ROTOp01'O
Ha BOCI,MmrnJIOMeTpoBOM MapnPYTe HaC'tIHTHBaJIOCI, .u;o 2500 IITHIJ;. C
21 aIIpeJIH tm eHHOCT:b KpmtB CTaJIa CHH1KaT:bCH H nOCJIe nepBoro
Ma..F.J: He n:peBWIIaJIa 80 ITT:I'I:q Ha MapmpYTe.
C IIOHBJIeHHeM 06nrn:PHHX II.J!0IJ.t8,.1J;ei1: OTlqJbITOll BO,IJ;bI HatmHaeTC.fI
npOJIeT r01'OJIH (8 aIIpeJI.fI), CBIDISH (10 aIIpe.n:.fI), '<Il'J:pKOB-Cmr TYH-
KOB, TpecRYHKoB H nrn:JIOXBOcTei1: (II a.IIpeM). OCHOBHa..H MaCca 1'0-'
1'o e:H npOJIeTe a C II no 28 anpeJI.fI (Ha BOC:bMHKH.JIOMeTpOBoM Map-.
IllJ>YTe BCTpe-qaJIOCI. .u;o 575 nTHIJ;), CBI1.fISei1: - C 20 no 22 aIIpeJI.F.J:
(,n;o 1050 nTHIJ;), oxBocTeM H TfllpROB - C 17 anpeJI.fI IIO I Ma.H
(.u;o 2360 m:wrO;XBOcTei1: 1'1 500 -qHpROB). 3aROH'mJICH npo eT Y CBM-.
S1'1 B KOHI\e nepBoi1:, Y lllliJIOXBOCTH H tmpKOB -. B cepe.n;HHe BTOpofi
,n;eKa,IJ;l1 Ma..H. rOrOJIM nOCJIe 2 MM He BCTpe'tJaJIHCL.
ITpo eT nrn:poKOHOCR1'1 (21 arIpeJUI), XOXJIaTOll -qepHeTH (21 an:pe-
M), cepoii YTRlJ. (22 anpeM) :H Iq>acH01'O OBOI'O HHpI\B. (26 anpe.n:.fI
1976 1'.) Ha'tJillmeTC.fI C nO L!M oCB060JK,JJ;eImeM OT RD.u;a. osep.
32
f
MaCCOBHl1: IIpoJIeT 8TJiX BH.I\OB He BbIpaiKeH, M SaKaJfIIIIBaeTC.H
OH Y 1llHp00toHOCRl'I B ROHI\e nepBoH, Y cepOH YTItH B Ha'tJaJIe BTO-'
poil ,n;eI\a,n; Ma..H, Y RpaCHOrOJIOB01'O HbIpRa M XOXJIaTOll 'tJepHeTM -.
B nOCJIe,IUlliX tmC ax MM.
KacaTOR Ha :eeoeHHeM IIpo eTe MbI He BCTpe'tJaJIII. JIyTKH, no
co06memno ID.I1.MeJThHHKoBa, OTMe'lffi.Jllip:b 18 arrpeJUI 1977 1'., a
.IJ;JIHHHOHOCbIe KpOX8.1I1'I - 5-8 Ma..H 1973 1'. }le:pJKaJIHC:b OHM 1'pyJIIIa.MH
.u;o 10 oc06ei1:, o60c06 eHHo OT OCHOBHOM MaCCbI BO,n;OnJIaBaIDlI!llX.
Bec:b npo eT YTOR npo.u;OJDP'.aJIC.H 55-60 ,IJ;Heil (2 anpeJUI -. ROHe:q
MaJI). .II0 cepe,n;mm anpeJUI om .rr;C;PJ!ia.JUIC:b Ha nOJillm.a:x, a saT eM
Kp.HKBa 11 'tJlipR1! IIepeMeCTH.IDIC:b Ha OTTa.fIDnrn:e ORpa.IDm 60.TIOT 1'1
03ep, IllipKOBbIe YTRl'I - Ha npoTa..mIHbI BHyTJ)1'1OCTpoBHHX osep M
npOTOR C 38Me.IJ;JIeHHE!M Te'tJ:eH1'1eM, a CBIDISI. M 1IJHJI0XBOCT:b IIpo,n;o -
J!ia.JUI ,n;ep.JKaT:bCH Ha IIOJIElm.a:x. OCTa..JII>HbIe BM,IJ;bJ BO,n;OIIJIaBaIOO!1'JX
BCTpe'tJaJIHCI. nOBCeMBCTHO.
C MeCT 3HMOBOK BO.rr;OnJIaBruOlI!He IIp:wreTaIDT,B 60JThlliHHCTBe C -
'tJ:aeB pa36nBIllHC:b Ha napbI. Oc06emw xopomo ::ITO S8MeTHO Y pe'tJHbL'<:
yrOR n MeHee - Y KpaCHOrOJIOBbIX HHpKOB, ROTopHe BO BpeMJI npo-
eTa .rr;epJKa.TC.H 60JThlllllMR CTa.HMn, 'tJ:TO saTpy,D;H.HeT Ha6.mo;rI:eHl1F.l:.
K pac H 0 l' 0 0 B H II H U P 0 R -. c81v1Eri1: 1VIH01'o'tJHc eH-
Imll BH.I\ Ha rHes,n;OB:be, 3aHIIMaeT 29% OT BCex 1'HeS C.fI IITmJ;.
1:J:epe3 14-16 .rr;Hell noc e IlpKJIeTa nepBHX nTIr:q HbIPRH YCTPaHBa-
Iar I'lIeS,JJ;a. CaMKa ,n;e.n:aeT 1'1 OTMa.,IJ;b!BaeT B Hee nepBoe ID!: 0.
HeMma.a: nOCTpOllRa rHeS,JJ;a npo,n; eTcH BMe Te C OTMa.rr;KOH
mm;.
KpacHOrOJIOBbIe HHpRR 1'HeS,J:J;WIHC:b Ha Me.1KOSepImx RaJITYcax 11
pas.mmax (50 11 19 rnes,n; Ha roo 1'8 rnes.rr;onpHI'O,IJ;HOll nJIOIIta,IJ;H).
I1s:pe,IJ;Ii.a JiX 1'HeS a BCTpe'tJa.mICI. Ha BbICORIDC 6epe1'ax peR, Me.JIK1tX:
H KpYTIHElX npOTOK (He 60JIee 3 1'Hes,n; Ha 100 ra). ITp11 sTOM IT.7IOT-
HOCTI. rnes B HIDKHell 'tJaCTH .rr;eJI:bTH 6wra SHa'tffiTeJThHO BbIIJ]e, 'tJeM
B cpe.n:aeil (19,4 n 6,3 rnes.u;a Ha 100 ra). B BepXHell ee -qacTH,
IIopocmell RYcTapH1'JR8MH, OmI HSpe.u;Ra rneS.TI:HJIHCL IIO OKpaHHaM
CpaBmITeRDHO Kpy1IHbIX osep. C:pe,IJ;HHH rurOTHOCT:b sace.n:eHHfI 1'HeS-
.rr;0:rIpm'0,IJ;I-IbIX ruroll1Men eJI:bTH COCTaBKJIa 12 1'Hes.rr; Ha 100 ra.
PasMefH 1'Hes,JJ; (MM): 1' 6mia OTRa 104:1;0,0, BHCOTa 1'Hes,n;a
146,0:tro,3, ;rr;>raMeTp OTRa 157,04,0, ,IU'!a.MeTp 1'HeS;na 208,0:t
5,r, (II=33). .lliIaMeTpH OTRa H rnes.u;a BO MHOrOM SaBRCm OT
BJIaJKHOCT1'1 6HOTOIIOB: B CbIpHX MecTax (58,3%) 1'Hes.u;a. 6wm SHa'tIH-
33
TeJIDHO MaCCl:tBHee H HMeJIH BH,I( IW'1JeR, B TO BpeM!I RaK. B cyxmc
(30,2% 1'{IesA) OHH npe cTa.:B.7IHJ11t co6oH RMIty Ha seMJIe, BIlCTJIalI-
HYID cyJaIMH cTe6Jrmm: MaROB H OTtIacTH rryxOM (paMIrtIIDr CTaTHC-
T}tqeCI ,n;ocToBepHH).
06wmo rnes,1Ji3. pac:qOJIaI'a.JIlIC:b B HeIIocpe,n;CTBeHHOH 6JrnSOCTH
OT BO,IJ;E1 :wm B KYPTmIax paCTHTeJIDHOCTH cpe.1U'I osepa (42% rHew
CpaBHHTeJIDHO pe,ItRo OIm BCTpeqa.JJ1ICL ;n;a.rree 30 M (21,0%.) H e e
pe.1Ke aJIee 70 1.1 (3,0%). OROJIO 37% rnes,n; HaxO;IWJIOCI. cpe,D;li OCOR,
21% B XBOlIjax H 13,0% B SJIa.KaX, paC'l'Y'mtIX Ha BUCORmC 6eperax
npOTOR.
Hepe,ItRo rHeS,Ita RpacH01'O OlThIX HHpROB HaxO;IJ;l'I.7m B RO OHIDIX
'1Jai1:ROBHX nTIDJ;, IIpH 3TOM ILJIOTHOCTI. rnes 6bIJIa. BHliIe, '1JeM Ha
oRpyII\aIDU\en TeppnTopnH. llalIle OIm THI'OTeJIH R pe'1JHIlM '1Jai1:RaM,
1' e DCTpe'1JaJIOC:b ,n;o 6 1'He3 Ha Ira. Ka.E npaBH.JIO, B Rpymnrx:
RO OImmc (cBlDJle 100 rnes,n; '1JafmoBbIX) rne3,n; HHpROB 60JI:bIIIe: Ha
3a6o o'1Jemmx yqacTRaX 14 Ha 1 1'a ,Ha OTHOCHTeJIDHO cyJCmc 5-6.
Ha RO OHIDIX 6eJIORpbIJmX II pe'tffiIDC Rpa'1JeR, CHSIlX H cepe6pnc-
TbIX '1JaeR 1'He3Aa HbIPKOB BC'rpe'1JaIOTC.fI pe)U{o.
IIepBlle .fIi1: a 6wm OT O.1Kelill II-12 MM. Pl!aCCOBM .a:fin;eR.JIa,IJ;Ka
npO,n;OJDKaJIaCL 25 J(HeH (c 15-16 MaH ,n;o 9-10 moHH). IIOC e)J;fIHe
CBruKHe RJIa,ItKII DCTpe'1Jelill 1-3 rno.ru:r. BecI. IIepHO OTKJIa,IJ,KI'J: mm;
OXBaTUBaeT 55--60 .n;nen, no .n;aHHblM H.r.CRpH6mIa / j - ,n;o 70
J(Heil. ,
Cpe.D:Hee Ro eCTBO mm; B I 8,3!0,35. llame BCTpe'1J Cf
rne3;trp. C 7-,9, l1H01',1Ji3. C 13-15 .fOO:J;al.m:. IToc e,IJ;IDIe, mI,IJ;UMo, npH-'
HaMffi.'\a.JIH HeCROJII.RIDIl CaMKaM (.fIBJIeHMe "rne3AoBOI'O napaSItTIISMa It).
.06bJtIHO nTHIJ;H OTE.JIa.,II;b!BBm .fOO:J;a B rne3,n;e CBOe1'O BH,1Ji3., pe,ItKo-
RpHKBbI, illII.JIOXBOCTH H II!HpOROHOCRH. Sa ,JJ;Ba 1'o,n;a pa60T HaMII BC'J1E-
'1JeHO CeM:b c oeHlillX I a,n;OR.
Cpe {Me paSMepbJ mm; ITO 1'O.n;aM II3MeHRIDTC.fI HesHaqaTe :bHO
(Ta6 . I).
HacllJKHBaHHe ITpO O aeTC.fI 26 ,n;Hefi f l. 2-3. -.n;neBHbIX IITeH-
nOB M!:l BCTpeTJ'J:Jlli 15 moHH. MaccoBoe BbIJIYIIJIeH1'Ie YTRT Ha6JllO,1Ji3.-'
OC:b B IWH:qe ltIOHH -. nepBoi1: ,n;eRa,n;e 1!IOJI.fI. ITyxoBble ITTeHlUI HS
IIOS IX KJIa,n;OR BCTpe'1J C:b ,n;o cepe aBr,yCTa.
Bwryn eH1'Ie npoTeRaeT .IJ;pyJ!mo. ITepBh'lf ITTeHe nO.fIBJI.fIeTC.rr paRO
yrpoM 11J.IM B nepBoH ITOJIOBHHe J(H.fI, OCTaJI:bHbJe B Te'1JelIMe CyrOR. B
rnes,n;e OHM Haxo,n;mC.fI 12-15 tIaCOB, 3a'reM YTl\a YBO,D;!1T IDe Ha BO-
31
Ta6.mm;a. r
Cpe,II;HIIe pa3Mepu mm; RpacHOI'O OBoro lillpRa B
eJIbTe (MM)
rOA ITORa.3aTeJIH K-BO Pa3Mepu
,IJ;.JmHa II1Hp1IHa
1974 Jk t m 59 60,6I:tl,35 43,19:':0,18
c. * m 17,06!r,56 3,13:':0,29
1975 Jkf m II5 60,50:':0,24 43 ,02:':0 , 17
-t m 4,3 :to,28 4,31:t0,28
1976 J.t.. t m 134 60 ,73:to, 18 43,12:ts,16
t :t me.. 3,5 :to,21 4,3 :to,26
1IY. IIepBbIe Moe CYTOR Ha HOtIb ceMeHCTBO B03Bpa.li18.eTCH B 1'He3-'
,n;o, 3aTeM CBHSL C IDIM npeRparnaeTCH.
B CMSH C 6JIHSOCTHO rHes,n; OT BO.n;b!, HeROTopaH tIaCTI. MX (6-
12,5%) IIpn pe3RJ!!X nO.II.'beMax ypoBHH BO.n;b! 1'M6HeT. ECJIM IIo.rcr,eM
npOXO,IU!T MeMeHHO, HbIIJI\.H YClIeBaJOT Ha,n;CTpaHBaTb rHeSAa, ROTO-
pele npeB})arnaIal'C.fI B 60JI:bIIIMe ROHyco06paSHbIe COopYJKeHIDI, peSIW
BbJ,n;eMIa1jHeCH cpe,D;!1 OKpYJKaIOlIjeH paCTItTeJI:bHOCTlI. KaR rrpaBH.JIO,
OHH paSOpmarCH '1JaMRaMH.
llacTI. 1'Hes,n; (3,5-10,2%) BUTanTbIBaeTCH CROTOM (Ha npOT.IDKe-
HHH 6 MeCH:qeB B eJIDTe BlmaCaJOTCH TUC.fI:1llt 1'OJIOB I{pyrlli01'O IXJ1'a-
T01'O CROTa H OIIIa,n;efi). Oco6eIlliO 60JIDIIIOe BJIIDIHlIe ORaSI:maeT BbI-.
IIac CROTa B MaJIOBO,II;HHe 1'Q.IJ;bI, R01',1Ji3. Hero CTaROBRTCH ,n;OCT,yIT-'
IillMI'I Bce yqaCTRJ!! eJI:bTbI.
EOJIHllOH Bpe,n; rnes,J:J;fflIjI1MC.fI ITTHIJ;BM, oc06eHHO B IIOC e.D:HHe ro,IJ;E1,
HaHOCHT '1Jai1:RH. OT mrx I'H6HeT ,n;o 21,5% rne3,n;, T. e. SHa'1JItTeJII.HO
6oJIDme, '1JeM OT lI,JJyx rrpe.IUI.IJ;yI/.\MX WaRTOPOB.
Y CITeIIIHOCT:b BIl eHIDI IITeH:qOB He IIpeBHliIaJIa 58-60% OT O.1KeH-
IillX .F.mIJ:. rH6eJII. nTeH OB OTMe'1JeHa RaR ITpn BHJIyTIJIemrH (B HeRO-
TOpelX rnes.n;ax l1H01',1Ji3. 1-.2 MepTBHX 3RSeMTIJIIIpa), TaK H OT XlilIjID!-
ROB (CHSbIe l'I cepe6pnCTbIe -qaMRH, 60 OTH.bIiii JIyHL, BopOHa). Cpe -
ID!n })a3Mep BI:mOlI,ROB, IIO BIIlMXC.fI Ha RpHJIO, COCTaBJIRJI 6-.7 ITTeH-
n;OB (npn CpelI,HeM ROJIH1IeCTBe .fIH 8).
X 0 x a T a .11 -q e p H e T b (Aythya fuligula )
35
.!IBJI.fIeTCJI o6J:rtIHoiJ: 1'HeS,IJ',.ffiIjeiJ:cH IITHIJ;eiJ:, SaHHMaJI CpeJijI BO,n;OnJIa-
Ba.nIlKX 9%. K 1'HeS OCTpoIITe CTBY IIpl'IcTynaeT tJepes 23-30 ,JJ;HeiJ:
IIOCJIe IIpHJIeTa nepnHX IITI'IlI;. lIante rneSJijITCJI Ha MeJ!tosepHbIX KaJI-
orycax II BHYTPHOCTpOBH!:lX KaJITYCH!:lX osepax (20 II 10 rnes Ha
roo ra), IIspe.D;Ka. - Ha MeJJRIDC npoToRaX (,IJ;O 3 rnes,IJ; Ha 100 1'a).
Han60JIblllaa OTHOCTI. OTMetJeHa 13 cpe.IJ;HeiJ: 'tIaCTII eRDTN (II
rnes,n;), B HI'I.1KHeiJ: OHa COCTaBl'IJIa 5,5 1'HeS,IJ; Ha roo 1'a, B Bepx-'
HeiJ: tIaCTII YTRI'I IIs6eraIOT rneSJijITl>CJI. Cpe,l!;H.H.H IIJIOTHOCTl> 3a.ce-
eHl'!JI xo aToiJ: tJepHeTI.IO rnes oIIpID'o.wm.x IIJIOma,n;eiJ: ,n;eJII.TbI p.
Ce eHI'1I COCTaBHJIa llieCTl> rnes,n; Ha 100 1'a.
PaSMep!:l 1'HeS (MM): 1'JJY6IIHa OTRa 100,0 1 4,5, BbICOTa rnes-
;u,a. 136,0:!:r6,9, ,n;HaMeTp OTRa 157 ,3i:7 ,0, JijIaMeTp rnes;u,a. 2402:
9,0 (n=17). .1J.llaMeTpbI OTRa II 1'HeS,IJ;a MeHJIIOTCJI B MeH:DIlleiJ: Mepe,
're: y RpacHoro oBbIX H!:lpR013.
MH01',IJ;a XO aTaJI tIepHeTl> YCTpa.ImaeT rnes;u,a. 13 BbI6pocax IIJIaB-'
Hl'!Ra, II IIpI'J: STOM OHO lIMeeT 13I'J:,II; .fi'MKI'J:, tJaCTO ,IJ;a.JKe 6es BbICTI'J:JIlG!
l1S nyxa. -G6bI'tffiO 'tIepHeTl> rneSJijITCJI He a.JIee 2 M OT oo;D;bt (41%
rnes ) .3apoCJIet1 l\VcTapHI'IKOB IITI'!!:$ IIS6e1'aIOT. Eo ma..a: tJaCTl>
rnes pa.cIIOJIaraeTCJI B CbIpbIX MecTax (73,4%) I'J: HeSHa't!I'J:TeJThHM
- B cy:xmc (10, 7%). ORO O 58,0% 1'Hes,n; HaxO,Il;KJIOCl> cpe.mr ocO!,
I'I'J:1'pocI>I'ITOB II IIO 16,0% -. cpe,IJ;H 13efu:rm CJB I'J: Xoome130-OCOIW130-
OBbIX Ro eRCOB.
Hepe.IJ;Ro rHeS.IJ;a tJepHeTeiJ: 13CTpe B RO OHH.HX petIHbIX tJaeR,
IIJIOTHOCTI. 3aCe em!H ROTOpHX otJeHI. B!1CORa (5-9 rnes,n; Ha Ira),
13 TO BpeMH: RaR Ha OCT8.JThHbIX Y'IaCTRax OHa He npeBWIlaJIa 20
rnes,n; Ha 100 ra. B IIOCeJIemmx .n:pyrIDC tJaeI, OHM rneS,IJ;HJlliCI.
OtJeHl> pe,JJ;KO.
ITepB!1e IDIIJ,a 6wm OT OJKeH!:l 16-17 MM. IvYacCOBaJI IDbJ;eRJIa.TI;l\a
)J)IRJIacI. 14-16 ,JJ;HeH (c 20-22 MM no 3-8 mOIlJI). Becl> IIepMo,n; OT-'
Ma,IJ;RII mru: COCTa:BMJI 50-55 ,JJ;HeM (c 16-17 MM IIO 20 moHR).
lIante B rnes,n;e BCTpetJaeTCJI 7-8 mm;. ITep13bIe RJIa,JJ;KM, RaR IIpa.-'
O, 6o llie (IO,O:!:l,O), tJeM rro13TopHbIe (6,0:!:0,59). BCTpeqa-
JlliCI. 1'HeS,IJ;a C 12 II 60JIee IDbJ;aMI'J:, HO, 13I'J:,II;IDIJO, OHl'! npMHa,JJ;JIeJKa-.
Jlli ,n;BYM MJIII HeCRO I.KI'1M CaMKaM.
Cpe,JJ;HlIe pa3Mep!:l .111m; (Ta6Jr.2) IDIJeIOT ,n;ocTo13epHble pa.3.TJ:II'IIDI
RaR no .n;JII'J:He, TaR II no lli:Hpmfe (t =4,93 II 5,2 rrpn CpaB.HHTeJIb-'
HO He60JIl>lllOM Ros@JmJ;IIejITe BapII8lJ;IDI - ,n;o 3,92%).
HaCIDKImaHHe rrpo,IJ;OJDr'..aeTcH 26 .D:.HeiJ: {jj. rr pBIDt BbIBO,n;OI{ 2-
qh
Ta6JrmJ;a 2
Cpe,JJ;HlIe pasMepbI mru: XOXJIaToiJ: tJep.HeTII (MM)
rO,n; ITORa3a.TeJlli K-oo Pa3MepH
)I,JIIIHa nmpl'IHa
1975 eM- i m 80 58,4:to,5 41,7:to,15
c :!: m. 0,77:!:o,06 3,27:tQ,26
1976 ,jU, :'. m 63 59,59 1 .0,29 42 ,I6:t0, 16
c :!. m. 3,92:t0,35 2, 94:to ,26
-4-.IJ;HeBHbIX: IITeHI.:(013 MbI OTMeTII.Jm 4 :mrom, XOTH no paCtIeTaM OOS-,
MOlKHO 60 ee pa.HHee nO.!IBJIeHne IITeH:qOB.
YcrremHOCTI. B!1JJyIIJIeHIDI Ro e6 eTCJI OT 55,0 ,IJ;O 62.0% (23,5
-35,0% RJIa,n;OR I'II6HeT OT tJaeK, 14,7-20,0% -. OT Ro e6a.IDIJI ypOB-
HR BO.IJ;DI II 2,0% 1'HeS,IJ; BbITanTbIBaeTCJI CROTOM).
o 6 bI RHO B e H H a JI R P JI R B a ( Anas platyrhyn"
chos ) - MaccoBIDt BII.IJ; Ha 1'HeS.n;OBl>e. OT o6mefi tJIIC emrOCTII
1'HeS.n;ffiI\IIXCiI BO.IJ;OIIJIaBaIOII!IDC rrTML\ 3aHHMaeT 28%.
K 1'HesPJ:oc-:rponTe CTBY RpmG3bI npncTYTIa1<Yr tJepes 21-25 .IJ;HeiJ:
IIOCJIe IIpMJIeTa IIepnbIX IITI'IlI;. OCHOBHaJI tJaCTI. me 1'HeS,Il;KJIacL Ha
yqacTKaX paSJlliB013 H MeJKOSepHbIX RaJIoryC013 (cooTBeTCTBemro 47 II
15 1'Hes,n; Ha roo ra). B MeH:DIlleM Mepe sace.1IJIJIl'J:Cl> BIJyTpnOCTpo:s-
Hble KaJITYCOBNe osepa. (ro H 12 rnes,n; Ha roo ra) H 6epera MeJI-
KIDC IIpOTOK (7 rnes.n; Ha roo 1'a). Cpe,l!;H.H.H IIJIOTHOCTl> 1'HeS IIO
,n;eRDTe He lIpeBbIlllaeT 14 Ha 100 1'a. B HIDJiHeH tJacTH ,IJ;eJI:&TN OHa
6bIJIa BbIllIe, tJeM B cpe,JJ;HeH (47 II 9 1'HeS Ha roo 1'a COOTBeTCT-
BeHHo). CTpol'ITeJII.CTBO I'I-IeS Ha'tfilliaeTCH C T01'O, tITO CaMKa.
YTanTNBaeT B ,n;epmrne JIH60 B I'pYHTe HMKY H BbICTMJIaeT ee pas-
.1IIItIHbIM MaTepHaJIOM (CYXII cTe6Jm TPaB, ROpa., MeJIRHe 13eTO'tIRI'I H
T. . ), ROTOpill1: co6npaeTCJI B6JlliSH rHes.n;a. IToc e Toro Ka.R ,JJ;HO
H OT'tIaCTH 60Ra 13bICT aHbI, IITHUl HatJl'IHaIOT OTMa.:n;Ky' mm;, B ,JJ.a.JI:D-
He:funeM OCTp8HBaH rnes,n;o. OROH'tIaTe.JJ:bHYIO tIx> 1'1: pa.sMepbI oHa
npHo6peTaeT TORDRO B HatJaJIe HaCIDKIIBa.HHJI (MM): 1'.ny61'IHa OTRa
99,0:ta,7, B!1COTa 1'Hes.n;a 9,0:t7,2, .IUmMeTp OTRa 150,015.8,
JijIaMeTp rnes;u,a. 223,04.3; (II::39).
06bI'tffiO rnes;u,a. YCTpaHBaJOTCJI Y Bo oeMOB B 5-10-MeTpoBoiJ: IIO-
......
oce, mro1';u.a Ha paCCTOHHne ;n;o 200 H 60 ee MeTpoB. YRpI:lTMeM
J1IX 'tIalI!e Bee1'O CJIyJltaT BeMHHR (50,8%) n OCORn (42,6% HaM;n;eHHbIX
rnes ). 3apoc eM x oli!a OHM Hs6e1'aIOT :wm CeJImCJl B mrx: Ha CY-
XRX BOSBHmeHHHX MecTax.
Han6o.m,mee 'tJ:EC O rnes;n: HaM.D;eHO B pyxnx MecTax (45,7%).
ITpn He,n;OCTaTKe 1'Hes)J;(JIIpm'o;n;HOll Ollja.,ll;l'I (B 60 ee MH01'OBO.n;Hhle
I'O;nH) KpHKBbI 1'HeS.Il,IDInCI.' n BO BJI8.j!ffibIX MecTax, BbI6i'lpaJI cyJCHe
yqacTRn. .uOBOJIbHO 'tIaCTO IDe 1'Hes,n;a paCIIOJIaI'aJrnC:b B KOJIOIDImc
'tIaMROBIDC IITIru;. ITpM aTOM IIJIOTHOCTL sace eHWI Ro oHHfi Kp.EKBaMK
OOWIHO He IlpeBHIllaeT OCTaJILHHe yqacTRn n JllIIITh B ROJIOHIDIX pe'tI-
HbIX 'tIaeR OHa MOJKeT ObITI. BbIille ( O 30-35 1'HeS;n; Ha 100 ra). B
Ta.RHX c.nyqamc rne3;u.a paclIOJIa1'aJrnC:b 06wrno Ha oKpamIax, n
.1llII!lli nspe,IJ;Ka - B eHTpe KO Omrn: (HaIDAemmee paCCTOHHMe MeJK,TIy
rnes,n;OM KpHKBIi n pe'tIHOll 'tIafurn 80 CM). B RO OIDImc cnslIX H
cepe\ipHCTI::lX 'tIaeI\ 1'He3,n;a RpHKB BeTpe'tIaJIH TO.m,RO B HIDKHeii 'tIac-.
T1:! eJI:bTI::l (,n;o 30 Ha 100 ra). Cpe 6eJIOI{p!:UIbIX H pe'tffilIX Kpa'tIeR
OHM ceJllIJIMC:b O'tIem pe,IUto.
ITepBEie JIMDFJ. (no pac'tIeT8.M) 6wm OT OJiteHH 26 anpeJIff (1976)
n 4 Ma.Jl (1975). 'lepes 12-14 ,IJ;Hell OTMe'tIeHa MaCCOBaJI IDh eRJIa,I.J;-
KB., ROTOpaJl ,IJ;JmJIaC:b 10-15 ,IJ;Hell (c9-16 no 29-3r MalI). IToc e;n;-.
HHe CBe.11GIe .!Ifu:(a OT OJiteHH B I975 1'. -. 14, a B 1976 1'. - 20
moM. BecI. nepno;n; .!3fi:qeRJIa,IUtn IIpo,n;OJDf..aJICH OT 65 ,n;o 70 ,IUIefi H
B SHa'tIHTeJI:bHOll CTeneIm Sa.J3HCeJI OT pasMepoB !'H6eJIM rne3,n; H
TeMIIepaTypffilX yc omrn BeCHbI (B 1976 1'. B CMSH C paHHei1 Bec-
HOll RpHKBEi SaI'He 3.Il,IDIHC:b Ha 9 ,IUIell pam,me).
Be.rrwum:a RJIa,IJ;OR Bap:bHpyeT OT 5 ,n;o II mID;. Cpe,IJ;HHe pa3MepbI
RaR IIe:pBI::lX (8,13:0,3, n=53), TaK H BTOpbIX RJIa,I.J;OR (6,4:t0,4,
n=14) B pa3mJ:tIHHe 1'O;nH He MeH.fIIOTCH (;n;OCTOBepHI::lX paSJilItII!rn He
OTMe'tIeHO) .
MH01',n;a B rneS,lJ;a RpmmaM oTI<Jla.zumaIOT .!Ifu:(a nrnpoRoHOCRI't, 'tIHp-'
I (CBMCTYHKH n: TpeCI\7HKM) H Kp:J.CH01'OJIOBUe HIlpRH. lIaJl!e K:p.qR-'
BbI nO,IJ;RJIa,IijffiaIOT JIMIJi3, B 1'Hes,n;a CBoero JKe Bll;u.a.
Cpe,IJ;HHe paSMepbI mID; (TaCiJr.3) llMeIOT ,n;OCTOBepHHe pa3JIll'IllJI
no mHpmre (t =2,5).
MmrJ'IMaJII.Hilli ppe.IJ;furii: pasMep mID; B RJI e 50,33 x 35,89 MM,
B TO BpeMff RaR MaRCRMa.JI::bHHM -, 58,54 x 42,54 MM ( t =5,7 H
19,5).
38
Ta6.mm,a 3
Cpe,IJ;Hne pa3Mepu mID; Y KpHKBbI (MM)
Pa3MepI::l
ro,n; IToRaSaTe.JIll K-BO
AJ]mIa mHpmra
I975 .M :!: In 131 53,95:to,22 38,55:to,2I
C ! me. 4,653:0,29 6,093:0,38
1976 .hi :!: fI'I I65 54,49:t0,67 39,I9:to,17
C !. me 1,58:!:O,87 5,823"0,32
K:p.a:RBa, RaR n IIpo'tIHe IDI,ItbI YTOR,OTKJIa.,IJ;UBaeT eJite,IJ;HeBHO no
O,IUIoMY .F.IfuJy n HaCIDmBaT:b Ha'tIllHaeT C OTRJIa"II',KH IIoc e.IJ;I:Ie1'O. ITpo_.
OJDlt11TeJI:bHOCT:b HaCmnmaHIDI paBHa 28:tl,3 ,IJ;HH /J51. ITepBEie meH-
IJ;bI IIOHBJImDTCJl B nOMe.n;rmx 'tIHMax MaJI - Ha'tIaJIe mDHJl. MaccoBoe
BUJIyIIJIeHHe Ha'tImraeTCH BO BTOpoiJ: ;n;eRa.,I!;e 1IIOHJl Jol Sa.RaJItIHBaeTCH
R ne:pBl:lM 'IJ1'J:CJIaM IDOJIf.[. IToMe.n;rmx nyxOBEiX meH:qOB MOJKHQ BeTpe-
T1:!TI. B Roa:qe H1Q.1'IH - Ha'tIaJIe aBrycTa. BWJYl1JIeHHe IIpoX6 T .n.pYJit -
HO, n B Te'tIeIme HeCKOJffiRJ1IX 'tIacOB Bce YTJlTa oCB060JK,1TpIOTCH 0'1,'
CROp.nyTIH. . B rnes e OIm HaxO;IJ;il'1'CH B Te'tIeHne CyrOR.
YClIemHOCTL BEiJJYlI.7IeImff IITea:qOB B 60JIIdIIOll CTeneIm SaBllCn:T
OT BeJm'!mBH 1'n6e.JIll rnes . KOJIe6arrn:e ypoBHH BO;nH B HeROTOpI::le
I'O;nH npnBo T R rn:6emt RJIa,I.J;OR. 3Ha'tIHTeRDH8.Jl 'tIaCT:b rnes,n; rn:6-
HeT 0'1,' X1I!I1HHROB. EcmI :pa.1IDme B aTOM OTHomemm OCHOBHYIO pOJIL
n:rpa..zra BopOHa, TO II HaCTOHlIiee BpeMJl ell He ycTYJIaIOT n: Rpymme
'tIaiiKH (cnSI::le n: cepe6pncTbIe). ITpn aTOM B HmlHeH 'tIacTn eJI:bTI::l
rnes;u.a ymrt!TOJKalOTCJl B OCHOBHOM 'tIaHRa.MII a B Bepxaeit, nopoc-
meR RYCTapInIRaM:l'I. - BOpoHOR. ITo STOll n:pJiI'tII![He B paSJm1IHbIe 1'0-
;nH 1'n6HeT OT 12. 0 o 24,0 % rnes;n; Rp.fmBb!. KpoMe TOI'O, saMeT-
Hoe :BJIRmme oc06eHHO B MaJIOBO,1J;HUe I'OJnl ORa3UBaeT 6eCROHTpo.m,-
HHii :mmac CROTa, 'tITO np:r.mO T R paspymeHmo 0'1,' 5, 0 o 33,0 %
rnes .
ITpn BWIYTIJIeImn IIOMe.n;rmx IITe OB 'tIaCTL 1'JX norn6aeT, TaR
KaK YTKB. 06H'tJHO 6pocaeT II'J,'ea:qoB, IIo.a:mmnrnxCJl C OlIos,n;aHHeM B
1-2 ,IJ;HH. YTJlTa I'1'I6HY n: OT X1m!HlftIeCTBa RJ?YIIH1:lX: 'tIaeR. HaMI! OT-
Me'tIeHO 28 c.nytIaeB Ha.Ira;,IJ;emta: :me Ha BI:lBO;D;KH yormnDC (B TOM 'tIHC-
JIe n Ha IITeH:qOB RpJlKBU), IIpJItIeM B 22 CJJ;)"Ia.!DC YClIenIHO.
39
Hana,I{8IDT H.a IITeIJIJ;OB BOpOlm H 60 OTIIHe JlYHH, HO 'tlliC eHIDCT.b
IIOCJIe.rnm:x B IIep1Io 1'HeS OBamm BO,n;OII.1Ia.Ba.IOOlH HeBeJllIRa (OT 2
o 4 nap Ha 125 ), a BOpoHH ep:ataTC.ff Y RYCTapmmoB, 1'.II,e
pe"lliHe YTRH H36e1'aIC1I' rHeS,IU:tTCH. 06I![1rl1 OTXO llTem:r;OB HeSHa'fJH-
Te eH H npJIXo,IU:tTC.ff 1'JIaBHHM 06pa30M Ha nePBYIO He.Il,e.mo JIX JmSIDl.
MOJIo,I.J;He nTIDJ;bI pacTYT 6HCTpo, H YJKe B ROIJIJ;e BTOpOH .Il,eRa,IUI
H!DJIJ3: OTMe'fJaIOTC.ff nepBHe eTaIO e OC06H. MacCOBbIH nO,IJ;':beM Ha RpH-
o npHXo TCH Ha BTOpyro IIiITJI,IJ;HeBRY aBrycTa. IToc e.Il,Iille He eT-
HHe BEIBO,rum: BCTpe'fJaJIHCI. B Ha'fJaJIe ceHTH6pH.
III H 0 X B 0 C T :b ( Anas acuta ) B HaCTOHll!ee Bpe-
m HBJIS!eTC.ff 0,WlHM HS HaH60 ee MaCCOBmc BH;D;OB (22,0% BCex
rne3.IWInIXC.ff llTl!:q).
B 1957 1'. M.r .EaKyTmI [2} OTMe'fJaJI ee H.a rHeS.II,OB1>i9 B He-,
60JDJlliOM R?JllfIIeCTBe, a H. r. CRP.ff6HH B 1964 1'. - RaK 06m-
IJylO rnes,IJ;ffI!tVIOC:.ff llTHqy Ce eHI'H. TaKoe YBeJJ:I.I'fJeHHe 'tlliC eHHOCTH
1IIHJI0XBOCT1I Ha rnes,n;OB:be OH o6':b.ffCHHeT nO,IJ;H.HTHeM ypoBHH BO)J;Il B
l3a.HKaJIe noc e IIOQTpo:furn MPRYTCROH roc H HSMeHeIllieM B CM3H C
8Tl1M YCJIOBIlli 06nTamuI BO,n;OITJIaBaIOll!IDC II 7) .
I'He3.I1,OcTpOHTeJDJCTBO Ha'fJIDIaeTCH 'fJepe3 23-28 .Il,HeH IIoc e no-
HBJIeHHH nepBbIX IITIDJ;. ill:wrOXBOCTH CeJI.ffTC.ff BO Bcex TIDIaX yro.IJ:Hi1:,
HO 60JIee OXOTHO-ji :pa3JTIU3aX 11: Me.1KOSepHbIX RaJITYCax (42 n 13
rnes,n; Ha 100 ra) 11: MeHee OXOTHO -. Ha BHYTp11:0CTPOBHbIX RaJITYC-'
HbIX o3epax; I! MeJ.II{IDC npOToRax (IO I! 8 1'HeS.II, Ha roo ra). OCHOB-
HaS! 'fJaCT:b nTI 1'He3 aCb Ha OCTponax B.lllrnmeH 'fJaCTM ,n;eJ.IbTbI
(42 rnes,IT,a Ha 100 1'a), B Cpe.Il,HeH 'fJaCT1I 'fJ11:C eHHOCT:b ee He
npeBl1lliaeT 9 I'He3,n; Ha 100 1'a. Cpe.Il,H.lliI I!JIOTIIOCT:b 1llIDI0XBOCTI! B
,n;eRDTe p.CeJ.IeHI'H paBIIa 13 I'He3,n;aM Ha 100 1'a I'He3,n;onpJ'JI'O.Il,HOM
ITJIOllia,II;I'!.
CaMRa mmammaeT B seMITe He60JDJII(Y10 .fJMKY II BbICTIDIaeT ee cY-'
XItMM cTe6Jrm.m TPaB (Befuum, oc01<a, XBOllj, .ID1CT:bH HB n T .,n;. ) ,
ROTopHe c06npaIOTcJI s,n;eC:b JKe. CaMe:q B 8TO Bpem ,n;epmrTcH o6m-.
HO B rO-15 M OT I'He3,IT,a. YTRa Ha'fJmIaeT HeCT11:Cb B HenOJIHOCTbIO
OTcTpoeHHoe rHes o, ROTopoe ,n;ocTpaJ1BaeTCH B npo:qecce OTR.JIa,JJ;KM
mru;, H R Ha1J:BJIy HaCmKMBamIS! OHO npI!Hl1MaeT OROH1J:aTeJDJHHe pas-
MCpbI (MM): rJJy6uHa OTRa 99,0:.!.:7,5, BbICOTa I'He3,IT,a 93,o:.!.:I7,5,
,IJ;!IaMeTp OTRa 138, o:.!.:n ,3, .n.narv1eTp rne3,IT,a 199, 0:.!.:9,8 (n==I9).
nIeS,IT,a YCTpaID3810TC.ff. RaK npaBMJIO, B 15-20 M OT Bo,n;oeMoB, B
3apOCJI.fIX OCOR (47,0% Hafi,n;eHHbIX rHe3,n;) H Bei1HHKa (41,0% rHos)]),
/In
pelte XBOllja (6% 1'He3.I1,). XapaKTep paclIpe,n;e eIDI.H rnes,n; IIO Tepp1I-
TOp1II! BO MHO rOM 3aBHCIIT OT CTelIeIDl ee y:BJIa.JKHeHHOCT1'J.. lIaII\e ll!1'I-
OXBOCT1'J. rHe3 HC:b Ha cyxmc ytIaCTEaX (48,5%), pexe - Ha BJIa.:'K-
HbIX (26,5%) I! CHpbIX (25,0%). KaK I! npo'tIHe BI'f,IUi YTOR, 1llIDI0XBOC-
Tn He ns6eram CeJllIT:bCH B RO OHI'I.fIX 'fJaeR, 'fJarqe pe'tllibIX ( O 15-
20 1'Hes,n; Ha IOO 1'8). Cpe;n;k'I CH3HX I! cepe6p1ICTHX 'fJaeR (.II,O 7
rnes.II, Ha 100 1'a) OIlli OTMe1J:aIOTCH TOJDJRO B HIDKHeH 'fJaCTH e.JI:DTH,
npn STOM npn.n;ep1KHBaIOTCH ORpanH OCTpoBOB, 1'.II,e 60JIee pa3B1'IT TI8-
MHOH IIORpOB.
.HfuJ;eKJIa,IJ;Ka Ha'llIHaeTCH 'fJepe3 26-30 .Il,HeH noc e npHJIeTa IIep-
BHX mIDJ; (B 1975 r. nepBoe o OT OJKeHO 10 MM, B 19761'.-5
MaH). MaCCOBM eKJIa,IJ;Ka rrpo,n;OJDKaeTC.ff 14-1:5 ;n;HeR (c 10-15
MaH). IToc e.Il,Hlle CBeJKHe srliua IIal:i:;n;eHbI B 1975 1'. -'7, 1976r.-26
HIOHH. ITep1Io.Il, .rmu;eKJIa,IJ;KI! MHTC.ff 50-55 ;n;Heil. EOJIee nOS.Il,Hee 1'He3-
,n;OBaIDIe B 1975 1'. 06'b.fICHHeTCH XO O.Il,HOH I! 3aTmKHOH BecHoR.
Cpe.Il,Hee RannqeCTBO HHn B IIOJIHOH e nSMeHHeTC.ff OT 7,8
o 8,3, B nOBTopHbIX 6,8-7,0. HaH60 ee 1J:aCTO BCTPe'fJaIOTC.ff rne3-
,IT,a C 8 arvm:, pexe C 10-11. Cpe.rume pasMepbI mrn; IIU!IJlOXBOCTn
no nmpmIe I!SMeH.ffIDI'C.ff HeSHa'llITeRDHO, B TO BpeMH: RaR no ;u.mme
OTMe'fJeE1l ,JJ:OCTOBeplIHe pa3JJHtIIDI (Ta6 . 4) .
Ta6Jrnu;a 4
Cpe;urn:e pa31/IepH HHn IIIl'IJIOXBOCTH
'rO.Il, TIORa3aTe.ID1 K-.BO Pa3MepH (MM)
;u.mma nmp:mm
1975 JI.t. 1:m 44 54,3r:!:0,32 37,31:!:o,24
e /'1'1. 3,87:!:o,41 4,29:!:o,46
1976 -t m I09 53 ,32:!:o, 04 37, 43:!:o , 03
e -!. m. 2,73:!:o,06 2,51:!:o,05
Cpe.Il,HIDJ: MHHilliIaJI:bHmI pasMep HHn B M e (MM): 51,68 x 36,11.
a MaRCEMaJILHIDI 55,84 x 39,69 (t ==5,81-10,66).
llIHJIoxBOcTn exe.Il,HeBHO OTMa,IU:ffiaIOT no O.Il,HOMY SIfuJy. HaCIDmBa-
IDle Ha'llIHaeTC.ff C OTRJI.a,1J;I{H nOCJIe.Il,He1'O IDin;a [5 n Hanm ,IT,aHHI:le} n
npo,n;OJ1JKaeTCH 26:!:1, 0 .Il,Hfi . TITeH:qR nOHBJImOTC.H B nepBHX 'fJnc.rrax
HIOHH. MaccoBoe BwryIIJIeIDle HaCTynaeT 'fJepes 5-6 .Il,Heli n ,JT,.JIHTC.ff
,ICBe He eJm. BB1J;JJY p:tCTmIYTOCTH CpoROB OTKJIa,JUG!: mm;, BWJyIJ.7Ie-
ID!e TaK1Ke p:tCTmIYTO (c 4 IDDHJI IIO 26 IDWIJi). OCHOBHHM IJaKTOPOM
I'R6eJm RJIa,I!;OR HBJr.fIeTCH ROJIe6a.mre ypoBHR BO,IJ;I:l. B HeRoTOplle 1'0-
,IJ;I:l ,n;o 22,0% rnes;n: Y1fl1't!TOJKaeTCfl RpynHHM1i 'tJa.ihta.MH :H o 25% BH-
TaIITHBaeTCfl CROTOM. B e OM I'R6eJIb RJIa,I!;OR Ro e6JreTCfl OT 37,0
o 55,0%.
06coXIIIIDC IITeH OB CaMRa YBO;D;HT B xopomo 3alI!mJjeHH.E!e MeCTa:
sa o o'tJeHHble 6epe1'a IlpOTOR JiI osap, ryCTO IIopocnme TPaBOH (OCo-
ROM, XBOmeM H ;n;p.). 3;n:ecI. YTma ROpilmCfl H Ha cy.xmc MecTax
OT,II.I:JXaIOT. Ha. OTI\pbITYID BO,ny OID! BbIIIJ.!IlBam HeOXOTHO.
MOJIo.D:He IITIDJ;U pacTYT 6bICTpo, 1'I Yf!e B Ha'tJaJIe anrycTa HeRO-
TopbIe IiIS Hl'JX npII06peTaIDT CIIoc06HOCTI. R IIOJIeTY, a BO BTOpOn _
'l.'peT:cen IIflTH,IJ;HeBRaX aBrycTa Ha aeTCfl MaCCOBIDf nO.IJ:'beM Ha
RpwrO. IToS,IJ;HHe HeJIeT8lOllWe 1llIDI0XBOCTH BCTpe'tJaJIHC:& elI\e B cepe;D;H-
He ceHTfl6pH.
III 1'I P 0 R 0 HOC R .a ( Anas clypeata ) - 06!ltIHafl Ha
rne3 OB:&e YTRa. COCTaJ3JI.ffeT 9% Bcex rneS;n:mI!i'!XCfl nTmJ;. OCHOBHafl
'tJaCTI. rnes HaM.n:eHa Ha BHYTp1'IOCTpOBHIDC RaJITYCmtX osepax 1'I
MeJIKl'JX npoTORaX (6 rHes;n: Ha roo m) 1'I HeSHa'tJ1'ITeJIIJHafl - Ha pa3-
JIHBaX. TIO,n;8.BJI.HmjM 'tJaCTI. IIOIIY.JI.EIUm paSMelI\eHa B Cpe;D;HeH 'tJacT1'I
,n;e :&TIl (5 rnes;n: Ha. 100 1'a), B HIOOIeH ee 'tJ8.CT1'I rnes,u,a. BCTpe'tJa-
JmC:1;> Rp:ti1He pe,II;KO (I 1'Hes,n;o Ha 100 1'a). IT.7.rOTHOCT:& rnes,n; no
BceM cTcm:I1.iJU He IIpewIIJaJIa 6 Ha 100 m.
CaMxa, Ilp1'ICTYTIM R rnes,n;omlOOO, poeT B I'pYI!Te HM1!'.:Y, ROTo-
pylO BbICTRJIaeT cyxm,m cTe6JI.HMI'J: oR:pyJKaIOO.(eii paCT1'ITeJIbHOCT1'I. ITplt
n03;n:HeM rnes,n;omIDm CTpoHTeJI:&HllM MaTepHaJIOM CJIyjKKT 1'I SeJIeHafl
p:tCTHTeJI:&HOCT:&. IIepBIle a OTKJIa,IJ;bIB8lOTCfl B HaIIo omrHY OTC
eHHoe rnes,n;o, KOTopoe TO :bRO R Ha'tJaJIy HaCIDri.HI3a.HIDI IlpmrHMae'l'
oRoH'tJaTeRDHbIe cJ?oPMI1 1'I pasMepIl (MM): 1'.ny6mra OTRa. 92 0:tI3 5
+ ' "
BbICOTa Hes;n:a 64,0"';16,0, ;n:Ha.MeTp OTRa. 147,018,5, ;D;HaMeTp
1'He3,u,a ",-,06,0i:rl,5; II==I5. rHeS.Il,a 06uqHO paCIIOJIaraIDTCH B 20 M
OT B .D:H. YRpbITHeM ,IJ,lIH ID!X, KaR IIpaBMJIO, .ffB.7LmOTCH OCOEM (48,0%)
IiI BekmEK (44,0% 1'Hes,n;J.
I13pe,n;Ra 1'He3.I1,a nmpoRoHOCOR HaXO;IJ;llJm B ROJIOHI:T.ffX 'tJaHROBIlX
IIT1'JIJ;. B OCHOBHOM Ha oRpawr8X rrOCeJIeHIDf pe'tJRbIX Kpa'tJeR 1'I cYX1'IX
yqacTI{8X ROJIOHIDi pe'tJHHx 'tJaeR. B HIDKHen 'tJaCTM .Il,eJI:&TIl OHa rne3 '
,IJ;HTC IiI cpe,Il)! C1'ISbIX 1'I cepe6pHCTbIX. 'tJaeR (,n;o 6 1'HeS.II, Ha roo 1'a).
HUIJ;eKJIa)J,I\a Ha'llIHaeTCfl 'tJepe3 16-18 Me:i1: IIOMe IlpTIJIeTa IIep-
I
BHX IITi'JD;. B 1975 r. IIepBHe'Raga 6wm. OT 01KeHli 9 MaR., B 1976r.-
10. epes 5-6 ,n;He Ha'tJi'lHaeTCH MaCCOB8H R e a.n;Ka, ROTopaH
.nJI]I'rCH ;n:o KOuw, MaJ1 (16-18 ,n;Hen). KOHeD; OT a.n;K11 ID'lD; npl'Jxo.ni'lT-
ca Ha 23-25 i'lIOHH. 06l11aH npo.no u.Te bHocT:& IDi eR a.n;Ki1 45-50
;n:He:tt., 'tJTO Ha 5-10 .n;HeM ROpO'ie, 'leM Y nrn. 0XJ30CTi'l l'J 'lepHeTeti i1
Ha 22-25 - Y KpHKBH.
Cpe M pasMep OK Bap:&i1pyeT OT 8,3 .no rO,D (II==24), B
nOBTopHHX i1X MeHbme - 7, ,5 (II=8). ame B 1'Hes.ne 10 HI'I . B
1'Hes.na nrn.pOROHOCRaM OT HB8lOT CBOI'I HMna nrn. 0XJ30CTb, KpacHo-
ro oBHM HHpoR H xoxnaTaH 'iepHeTb. H3pe;n:Ka i'1 CaMa nrn.pOROHocKa
OT BJU>IBaeT Hlt a B tJYXW.e 1'Hes.na (RpRF'8a.M 11 II\I1 OXBOCTRM).
Cpe,IJ,HJII.e paSMepH Hi'll! i1SMeHfIIOTCR HeSHb'lI1Te LHO (Ta6JI.5). .II.0-
cToBe HHX pa3 l1qmM HeT.
Xopomo rrpOCJIe1KRBaeTCR HH,IJ;i1Bi1,IJ;yaJI:&HaH i13MeHHHBOCTb ID'!I! B
pasHHx Kax. MaKCi'lMaJI:&HHH cpe.nHi'lH pa3Mep i'lX 6HR paBeH
54,50 x 38,45, a M:HHi1MaJIbHIDl 49,69 x 36,13. B 1974 1'. cpe.n-
Hi'Je pa3MepH RED; B a.n;Kax BapLMpoBanM 60JIbme, 'leM B 1975 H
1976 r1'. (cooTBeTcTBeHHo KOSWWi'l eHT Bapi'l 8,07; 5,77
3.76%).
Ta6 5
Cpe,n;Hi'1e pa3Meps RED; mMpOKOHOCKi'l
PasMepH (MM)
ro.n IIoRasaTeJIPl K-BO
,ILni1Ha Illi'Jpl1Ha
1974 JU- t. rn 50 51,62:to,26 37,60:!:0,19
e. me 3,66Z0,36 3, 72:ttJ,37
1975 JIf. f rn 45 52,39:!:0,39 37,0 :!:0,2I
c m. 4,96:!!0.52 3, 89:!:0,41
1976 .ft1 "- fY1 68 52, 46::!!0,24 37,18:!:O,12
c f r>1 4, 62:to, 29 6.09:to.38
HaCi'l1KRBaHlle Ha'li1HaeTCSi co .IJ.HH OT a.n;K>'J noc e;n:He1'O HMIJ;a H
+
IIpo.nOJIKaeTCR OT 23,I:to,2 ,n;o 26.0:!:0.5, B cpe,n;HeM 24,5-0,39
.nHen /5.4/. BHJIynneHi'Je rrTeHIJ;OB OTMe'laeTCR C 3-6 i'lIOHR, MaCCO-
Boe - 'lepes 4-6 .n;Hefi i'l IIpo.nOJIXaeT 16-18 ,n;Hea. llocJIe.nH:He
IITe IIOHBJIHIOTCR B Ha'iaJIe TpeTbefi .neRa;n:H H . YCIIemHOCTb
A'"
BH eH2H C CTa eT 42,b-66.0% (.n;o 37,0% rHes BHTarrTHBaeT
CROT, 5,0-8,0% - paCKJIeBHBaroT qaiiR:B 2 .n;O r6,0% SaTaIlJI2BaeTCJi
BO BpeMH no.n;'I>eI\40B ypOBHR BO H).
ITp2 BHJIyIIJIemi.H qaCTE> nTeHQOB rro1'26aeT. KpOMe Toro, B Teqe-
HHe IIepBO He.n;eID1 mtsma OID! CT8.HOBfITCH ][epTBaMIII Hana.neID!Si tIa-
eK. JIyHen, BOpOH. B ne OM &e OTXO rrTeHnOB cpaBHHTenE>HO He Be-
JilfR. .D:o IIo.n'I>eMa Ha RpH O YTHTa .n;epJltaTCR He.n;aJIeRO OT MeCTa
po eHHH (OKORDnOBaHHaa nTea:qOM mRpOKOHOCRa 6H a .n06HTa oceHD
B roo M OT CBoero 1'Hes.n;a).
Mo o.D:He WEpOROHOCRE rro.n;H:BMaroTCH Ha Rp O B nepBoM llHTM.n;HeB-
Re aBrycTa. OCHOBHaR qaCTE> MX Ha eT eTaTE> R Haq TpeTL-
eM .n;eK aBrycTa. rrOc e.n;HHe He eTHHe IITeH OTMeqeHH B HaG:a-
e ceHTH6pSi.
H P 0 K - C B R C T Y H 0 K ( Anas crecca
,nII 1'HeS,ILHlIIExCR Bo.n;OIIJIaBaIOllIHX SaHl1MaeT 2%.
rHeS,nIITC.a Ha MeJKOSepHHX KaJITYCax 1'1 BHYTpMOCTpOBHHX KaJITYC-
HHX osepax B cpe.n;HeM tIaCT.H .n;e E>TH. r.n;e II OTHOCTL rnes;n He IIpe-
BHIDaeT 3 Ha 100 1'a.
K 1'Hes.nocTpOI1Te cTBY IITl1 rrpMcTyrraroT Tfepes 33-38 .D:HeM
IIoc e npl1 eTa nepBHx rrTEn. rHe3.na pacIIo araroT£H Ha pOBHOM
II Oma,n;Ke, HH01'.na u c p e.nE ROqeR. B He60 moe yr y6 eHEe, pHxnu
BHCT aHHoe TpaBOH, CaMKa CHOCET rrepBoe HMnO. 3aTeM rHe3.n;0 .n;o-
CTpmmaeTCH, 11 R Haq HaCi'IJl1mamm npl1HMMaeT OKOHtIaTe E>HYIO
<fOP . Pa3Mepbl (MM) 1' y6EHa OTKa 89,0:t6,5, BHCOTa rHe3.na
68, 16.8, .nHaMeTp OTKa 135,0!4.9, .n;:BaMeTp 1'Hes.na"190,5!13.8
(rr=IO). HaJ!60 E>IIIIIM KO .HIti!eHT BapMawu1 y BHCOTH rHe3.n;a (36,0
- 61,0%), tITO, BepOHTHO, CBfIsaHO C pa3 qHoM Bn HOCTbIO 3aHI'J-
MaeMHX 6110TOnoB. rHe3.na YCTpaHBaroTC.H y Bo.noeMOB B no oce .n;o
50 M, qBme Ha CYXR MeCTax (68.0%) cpe,nII BellHMKa 11 OCOK Meso-
qJHTOB (no 46.2% 1'Hes.n;). B 3apoc x XBOrna rHe3.n;a BCTpeqaJH1Cb
pe,nRo (1. 7% ).
HMneKJIa,n;Ka HaqZHaeTCH qepes 35-40 .n;Hen noc e IIpl1 eTa IIe -
BHX IITHn. HaEMeHE>mee RO ZqeCTBO Hl1n B KJIa,nRe 6, HaH6o E>lliee _
10. OCHOBHaa tIaCTE> 1'HeS;n co.nep HT 8 HHn. CTerreHE> 1'He3.nOBoro
napasHTEsMa Y CBHCTyHROB He Be Ka. B 1974 r. 6bIRa Han.neHa
KJIa.nKa KPHKBH C TpeMH Hr CBHcTYHRa.
Cpe.n;HMe paSMepH HEn B 1975-1976 1'1'. BapE>MpOBaJIM He3Haql1-
Te :bHO (Ta6 .6).
Ta6 IU:{8. 6
Cpe.n;HMe pasMepH HJ'Jn tIMpKa-cBHcTYHKa
PasMepH (MM)
rO.n IIORa3aTeJUt K-BO
\Jil1pJ4Ha JLnzHa
1975 .JyI.--f: m 28 43, 3gf"0, 44 32,79:to,48
c rn 2,3 jrO.32 3,3 ,04
1976 ..M- n1.. 36 43, 54:!t1,28 31,63:tO.95
c. '!:.. me. 17.6 I2.07 18,0 2:2.13
) cpe-
BwrynJIeHZ,e nTeHIJ.OB Haql1HaeTCH co BTOpOM nO OB¥lHH ZIOHH, YC-
IIemHOCTL e1'O ?0,0-80,0%. IIepBHe eTarolllEe IITM OTMetIeHH B
.nBa.nnaTHX tIl1C ax HIDnR. OCHOBHaR tIaCTE> CBHCTyHKOB HaqHHaeT e-
TaTE> B HaqaJIe aBrycTa.
q :H P 0 R - T P e C K Y H 0 K ( Anas querquedula ).no
MHeIDIJJ M.r .EaRYTMHa [2] I4 H.r. CKpH(')I1Ha [9],,nJlR .neJThTH Ce eH-
1'11 pe KBJi rHes.n,mna.a:C.a nTl1na.
H8.MI4 Hak!,neHO BCe1'O 4 rHe3.na aTOM YTK11. .D:Ba PIS HEX HaxO H-
OCE> B IO M OT BO H, TpeTE>e - B 50 Rl O.n;HO - B 250. PacIIo a-
1'aJIHCE> OHM Ha pOBHHX nJIOIIla.n:RB.X B CYXRX 11 BnaJIHbIX 6RoTonax
cpe BenHHRa E OCOK, .nBa-Ha OKpaHHe KO OIDII1 cepe6pEcTHX tIaeR
as 140 1'HeS B In!.XHeH 1iaCTI1 .ne E>TH. Cpe.nID'IH pa3Mep KJIa,n,K11 8,3.
B nepMo.n pa3MHOJKeHRH (sa HCKJIIOtIeHHeM I1IOHH, R01';na B .ne E>TY
Ha JlltHDRY B Macce C06I1paroTcH ce e3HH) TpeCRYHRH nOQTI1 He BCTpe-
tI HCE>. BH MO, 1'1 B HaCTo ee BpeMH tIHpOK-TpeCKYHOE npo;nO ef
OCTaBaTLCH pe,n;I{O Ha 1'He3;nOBE>e nTI1 eH.
e p H a Si R P H K B a (Anas poecilorhyncha )
Ha TeppHTopHH COBeTCR01'O COI03a .n;o He.n;aBHe1'O BpeMeHI1 06I1Tana B
YccYPHicRoM Rpae E .D:aYPI1H B HemHpOKOK IIo oce B;nO rpaH C
KmaeM 11 MoHI'o.nReH /7 j. ITo IIoc e,IJ;Hl'JM CBe;neHPLHM /8 . 91, IIpo-
l1CXO)J;1!T pacnm:peHRe apeaJJa ee B ceBepo-sana,wIOM Harrpa;BJIeHRH.
ITo MHeHmD Jite HCCJIe;n;OBaTeJIe /1/, B OT.n;eJThHHX paHOHaX rrpOl1CXo-
.n;m COEplIneHRe 'tIHCJIeHHOCTl1 STOtt YTKl1 IIo;n; BJImnmeM aHTpoII01'eH-'
H01'O iImtTopa.
B ;neRDTe Ce eHI' M.r.EaRyTHH B 1949 1'. OTMe E Rp.aKBY KaR
pe,n;I{yK>, BCTpeQaJJU!YIOCH TO E>RO Ha IIpo eTe nTI4DY. HO y&e B 1964 r.
H.r.CRpR6aH 06HapyzK S;necL 10 rHes;n ee. HaMI1 sa BpeMH pa60T
45
"
He 06HapyJIteHO I'Hes,n; STOM IITlITW, HO r.(J1 Heo,n;HORpaTHo OTMe'IaJrn
TIpHCYTCTBHe me B ,n;eJIbTe B nepHO,n; paSMHOJKeHIDI. KpOMe Toro, I
ceHTH6p.a: 1975 1'. B IIpoToRe MOTOBI'JXa Ha.lWI ,IJ;06bITa MO O,II,aH llTIID;a.
II aBrYCTa 1976 1'. B paMOHe TIpOTOKH XHpe .D:bI OTMe'IeH BbIBO,n;OR
H3 cervrn MO O.D:bIX 'IepHbIX ¥p.a:KB. B oTRpbITHe OXOTH OHa H3pe,IJ;Ka
BCTpe'IaeTCR B ,IJ;06bI'Ie OX0THMKOB. Bee STO nOSBOJIReT C'IHTaTI, ee
pe.n;Iwi1: rHes.JLHmeficR nTH eH ,n;e TbI p.CeJIeHI'I'J:.
C e p a .11 Y T K a ( Anas strepera ), no M. r. EaI\YTHHY,
B )]:eJJJJTe p.CeJIeHI'I'J: B 1933-1949 1'1'. 6bIJIa Cp8.BHHTeJJJJHO pe,IJ;Kon
llTIID;eH, TIpwreM nOc e.IJ;!m:e 5 eT s,n;eCb ee Bo06me He BCTpe'IaJIH.
B 1964 1'. H. r. CKPR6HH [9 J HallleJI ee 06Ut:J1WM rHe s,n;.ffiI!efiCH B
STOM paMOHe YTROH.
B HacTO.ffiI!ee BpeMR 'IHC eHHOCTI. ee O'IeHI. HHSRa. Ha 10 RM
MapmpyTe (,n;o IIOAAeTa nTl'I:q Ha IffibKY) OTMe'IaJIOCb He 60JIee o,n;-
HOM-isyx IIap. Ha.Ma sa TPH 1'O,II,a pa60T HaH,n;eHo lIDlb 4 1'HeS,II,a B
paHoHe ITepIlll'IHCIGIX H TIacoBeHCIGIX 03ep. Bce STO n03BOJIReT C'Il'I-'
TaTb cepYID YTKY Cp8.BHl'J:TeRDHO pe,n;Kofi 1'HeSMll!encH llTIID;eM ,IJ;eJIbTbI
p. Ce eHI'H. POCT, a 3aTeM CEIDKeHHe 'Il'IC eHHOcTH, BB;J;WY!O, CBRSa.H1I
C nyRDca.J.J;rrefi ee Ha 1'pamru:e apeaJIa cepofi YTIGI. ITo,n;06HbIe !iJ:SMeHe-
HHH 'tffiC eHHOCTH HeKoTopHe 8.BTOphI [7 } 06MCH.fIIOT yebIXaHHeM
CTelIHbIX Bo,n;oeMoB, 'ITO BH3HBaeT nepeMelIleHHJI YTOK R oRpamraM
apea.rra H ,n;aJKe sa e1'O npe,n;eJlli!.
C B H ..H 3 b ( Anas penelope -. O'Iem, pe,n;KaR rHe3Mll!8H-'
CR nTn:qa.
3a BpeMR pa60T MbI 06HapY'KMH JIH!l[(, ,n;Ba 1'He3,n;a CBIDISH B patJ:-,
OHe IIpOTORH Cpe,n;HeH (TeppHTopHH 3aKaSHMKa).
K a caT K Y (Anas :falcata ) M.r.Th.RjTTHH [2} B 1933-,
1949 1'1'. HallleJI 06bI'lliOH rHeS.JLHmencH nTIDJ;eH ,n;eJJJJTbI p.CeJIeH1'H. B
1964 r. H.r.CKp.a:6HH Is} HSpe,IJ;Ka BCTpe'I8.J[ ee Ha I'Hes,n;oBbe.
HaM Y,If,8.JIOCb HaHTH lIDlb O,IJ;HO 1'Hes,n;o aTOM YTRH B paMOHe
TIpOTORH Cpe.n;Hen. B eTHee BpeMH C8MRI1: KacaTIGI He BCTpe'Ia-.
JIHCI.. ITO-'BB;J;!iJ:MOJVJy, B HaCTOHmee BpeM.8: OHa HBJIReTCH O'IeHb
pe.D:ROH Ha rHes,n;OBI.e nTIID;ei1:. B 1976 r. nepBaR TIpOJIeTHaR CTM,
COCTOHlIiaJI HS 'I.IMpROB-CBl'ICTy-HROB l'I TpeCRyJIRoB, OTMe'IeHa 22
aBrycTa. IIoc e aT oro nTl'IIJPI nOCTO.fIHHO BCTpe'IamICb CTa1m8MI1
,n;o 15--20, Hspe,n;Ra 80 oc a6eH. 38.KOH'Il'IJIC.8: TIpOiJIeT TpeCRjTH-'
KOB B IIepBOn ,n;8Ita,IJ;8 0I{T.8:6pH, CBHCTYHKOB -, B I\OHIJ;e ST01'O M8C.8:-'
:qa. Ha'Il'IHaeTCH npo eT rrrn:poROHOCRH, cepoH YTRI1, CBHHSI1 H Rpac-.
H01'O OB01'O HHpKa 26-28 aBrycTa. 3TH B!iJ:.IJ:H ,n;o II ceHTH6pH OTMe-
'I CL cTaiKaM!iJ: uo 10-15 UTHn. B ,n;anLHettmeM TIOH l'ICb CTaz
cBKRseA )]:0 40-50. 11 RpacHoro oBHx HHpROB - )]:0 80-100 IITl'In.
IToCJIe,IJ;HHe OT eT e Illl'IpOKOHOCKl'I BCTpe'IaJIl'ICb B KOHue BTOpoA
,IJ;eKa,I(H ORTH6pH, cepIile yorRI'! - 5 OKTH6p.a:. CBHHSI1 11 RpaCHOI'O O-
BHe HbIpRl'I .n;epJIaJUlCL .n;o TIO H01'O SaMepSaHMH Bo,n;oeMOB.
ITepBHe npOJIeTHHe CTaHIt:l'l KpHKB !iJ: Illl'I OXBocTet.t OTMB'IeHH 2 celi-
TH6p.a:, XOXJIaTblX qepHeTelt - 6, 1'OrOM - 8. B ROHue MeCHIJ;a sa
O,n;HY BeqepHIOID 3apID HaC'll1Tbl'BaJIH .n;o 500 IIpO eTa.JOO!l'IX XOXJIaTblX
qepHeTeA, 200-300 KPHRB M Illl'I OXBOCTe 7 CTa! 1'o1'o et.t, COCTO-
RmHX H3 50-100 nTl'!n. OKO aHHe TIp9 eTa Y &TI'!X Bl'I.n;OB COBIIa,IJ;aeT
C UOJIHHM 3&MepSaHMeM Bo,n;oeMOB (RoHen OKTH6p.a:). KpRKBH M IIIWIO-
XBOCTH epxaJIHcL B OCHOBHOM B paftoHe qsooBeHcKHx 1'1 ITepIlll'IHCRHX
-osep. a roro 11 l'I qepHeTH Ha CeJIeHI'HHCKOM Me KOBO.n:De H Ha 03e-
pax B npe.n;ycTbeBHx yqaCTKsx. ITpo eT RacaTOR. UOKTYHa, 60 b-
mo1'O H l'IHHOHOC01'O KpOXaJIet.t H YTKa BblpaKeH O'IeHL c a60. Ka-
caTRa IIOCTOHHRO BCTpeTfanaCb B Tpo eHX OXOTHMKOB C 30 ceHTB6pH.
E.u;eHc.TBeHHIrli 9RSeMIIJIJIp MORTy-Ha .n;06HT H8.MH II ceHTJJ:'6pH 1976 r.
CTanKa H3 3 60JIDIIIHX RpOxaJIen OTMe'leHa 7 ORTH6p1i 1976 r. JIYTRBI
BCTpeqwmcb B ROBUe ceHTH6pH - HaqaJIe ORTH6p.a: 1976 r. no 1-3
IITHWi.
B IIOCJIe,IJ;Hee .n;eCHTI'! eTHe IIpOl'ISOmnH HeKoTopble HSMeHeHRH B
'lHC eHHOCTI'I IIpOJIeTaJOIIU'IX nTHn: YMeHDIlll'I aCb ,n;OM cepHx YTOR, Ra-
caTOR E JIyTROB. COOTHomeHHe OCT HHX B .n;OB OCTaHOCb 6es 1'13-
MeHemUI: IIo-npeJmeMY MH01'OqHC eHHH KpHKBa 1'1 rorORD (23 H 20%).
ml'IJIOJffiOCTb (15%) H XOUaTaJI TfepHeTL (13%), CBHHSL OTMeqaeTCH
B HeSHa'lHTeRbHOM KO HqeCTBe (3%). ITpo eT KpaCHOrOJIOB01'O HblpRa
no-npeJIHeMY Bblp83:eH cJIa60. tffipRH-CBHCTy-HKM 11 TpecKy-HKiI 06bNHH
Ha IIpOJIeTe. KnORTyH no-npeJ!HeMY pe.n;oK.
-. i( 3£
TaKJIM o6pasoM. sa noc e.I1HHe ,n;eCHTb eT TIpOHSOIIIJIll SHaqIiTeJID-
HHe HSMeHeHBH Bil,IJ;OBOrO M KOJIHqeCTBeHH01'O COCT8Ba BO OnnaBaJO-
DtHX B .n;eRDTe p.CeJIeHrl. Ha BeceHHeM npOJIeTe 60JIDme CTaJIO IIIE-
JIOXBOCTH J/l Mem:.me. cepoA YTRII, RaCaTKM. om:poROHOCKM 1'1 JIyTRa.
Ha rHes.n;OBbe YBeJmTfHJIaCb qlfCJIeHHOCTL WWOXBOCTIi, B TO BpeMH
RaR cepa.a: YTKa CTana pe.D:KoA, a CBHHSL H RacaTKa nOqTK HC eSJIH.
Ha OCeHReN IIpo eTe yMeHbmRHOCb KOJII'I'leCTBO cepblX yTOK, RacaTOK
1'1 JIyTRa. PaSMe eHHe YTOR Ha 1'Hes.n;OBbe saBIiCHT OT CTeIIeHH YB S -
46
47
HeHBR OHOTOnOB. H8H60 ee OXOTHO BO O aBaDWRe SaCe IDT paSRM-
BH SHaHe! qaCTH .n;eR»TH, 1' e OTHOCTL 1'HeS OCTH1'aeT 130 Ha
roo ra 1'HeS OIIpH1'O.n;HoA OUla..nH. HeCIw :&Ro MeH:&maa OTHOCTL
OTMeqeHa Ha MeJlOSepHHX RaJITYcax - 103 rHes.n;a Ha roo ra. B
paHOHax Me HX IIpOTOR B BHyTpHOCTpOBHHX KaJITYCHHX osep OHa He
IIpeBHmaeT COOTBeTCTBeHHO 24 H 50 1'aes aa 100 ra. Cpe RSH
OTHOCT:& sace eHRH 1'HeS OIIpH1'O X oUl e Ta COCTaBB a
54 rnes.n;a Ha 100 ra (36 Y peqHllX H 18 Y IillpROBHX YTOR).
JIUTEPATYPA
I. A a M U e B H q S.A. YMeHLWeHMe G1lC eHHOCTl1 qepHOM
RpaRBH B ITpM6aaRa Le IIO Bos eaCTBMeM aHTpOII01'eHBHX WaRTOPOB;
- B RH.: MaTepHaJill Bcec RoHW no MHrp.IITH:q. Tes. oM. 2-5 HID-
HR 1975 1' , MocRBa, M , 1975, C. II7.
2 BaR Y T M H M n Bo OfiJIaBaIDlI!E.e nTMrtH e LTH Ce eH-
I'M. tyceo6pa3HHe. - YTfeH.san./ p.-MOHI'.IIe .MH-T, 1957, BHn.
12, c.19-6I;;
3. M M X e L C 0 H X.A.,.IT e H H :& m r;T., K 11 N
II M H L m B.A; H3YTfeHMe aMMRH nony HeRoTopHX 3TOR
B JIaTBHH.C OWHHM Ro :&ueBaHl1eM HaCMXHBalOlliRX caMOR H YTRT. -
B RH.: OpHMTO 01'M.fI. M., 1960, BHn.3, c.261-264
4i M e .n; H M C A A. BnMRHHe paCTHTeR»HOrO nORpoBa Ha
BM.n;OBOM COCTaB B paSMHOEeHMe 1'HeS mBXCR YTOR Ha OCTpOBax
03epa 3Hrypec. - B RH.: 3RO 01'1iR BO O aBaIDII!E.X nT1l:q JIaTBIDl
(OpHMTO OrMqeCRne l1cc e OBaHMR). Para, 1968, c.71-83.
5 0 H H 0 C BpeWl 1'He3 OBaHM Y Bo.n;OfiJIaBaIDll!HX M IIPl1-
6pe HHx IITHU B MaTCaRYCKoM aarrOBe.n:HHRe (OCTOHCRaR CCP). -
Co06m./ITpB6a T.ROMI1Cc.rro RSYTf. Ml1I'pa a nTM AH OCT.CCP.,
1975, 8, c.I07-155;
6. IT 0 X 11 H C R M a H.A. BMOM€TPRR. - M.: MS,Il-BO
MOCR.YH-Ta, 1970. - 367 C.
7. ITTM:qH COBeTcRoro COIDsa/r.IT. eM€HTLeB, H;,A r a,n;I{oB,
ID.A.McaRoB, E.rr.CnaHreH6epr. - M.: COB.HaYRa, 1952, T.4. -
640 C.
8. C R P R 6 H H H r PaCWMpeHMe'apea a TfepHO RpRRBH
B ITpM6aHRa e. - B RH.: OpHMTO OrHR. M , 1963, BHn.6, c.3I1-
314
9. C K P R 6 M H H.r. Bo ofiJIaBaIOll!He IITH:qH Ba Ka a.
HPltYTCR: BoCT-;CH6.RH.H3.n;-BO, 197.5. - 224 c
A. B-.l!lIlliRapeHKO
BEX:EHHl111 IIPOJIEr ITJIACTIfi:FIATOKJIlOBI:li. B JLE]ThTE P .CEJIEHIVI
MaTepHa .n;aHHoro C006meHMR c06paH B anpe e-Mae 1977-
1978 1'1'. Ha CTa:qIJ.OHape, pacno o eHHoN B €HTpaJffiHOH qaCTM e L-
TbI peRR Ce eHrM.
BHRCHeHMR weHO OrMJ'J IIpo eTa H aMM!{lJ. c eHHOCTH
II aCTMHTfaTOMIDBHX npOa eHo 100 RM YTfeTHHX MapmpYToB B 1977 1'.
H 150 KM B 1978 r. 1(0 BCRpHTHR IIpOTOR MapwpYT npoxo cR IIem-
ROM. OH npo era no 6eperaM npOTOR ra YTaR - XMpeRD a - -
ueHCKa.fl - r yxaR, 1'.n;e nOR IOTCR nepBHe nOJillH:&I1. Ha Mapw-
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BI1M (B OCHOBHOM OT npOqaOCTM :b.n;a). ITTMrtH yql1TbIBa CL B IIO O-
ce lliHpJ'JHOIO 600 M. IToc e BCRpHTM.fI npOTOR YTfeT IIpOBO CR C o -
KM Ha nOCTORHHOM MapmpYTe no IIpOTORe XRpeRD.n;a, npOTmKeHHOCTLIO
5 KM. ITTM no.n;CqHTHBa HCL B .D:BYXCOTM€TPOBOH IIo oce. IToRYTfeH-
Hll€ aHHHe nepeCTfMTHBa c:& Ha MapwpYT HOID 10 RM C YTfeTHO
no ocoH 200 M.
o 6 H RHO B e H H a R R P R R B a - o.n;Ha l1a HaM60 ee
paHO npH eTaIDWHX YTOR haaRa a. B 1977 r. OHa rrORBH CL 27 Map-
Ta (Ta .I). MaCCOB rrpo eT HaTfa CR Tfepes MeCRU H IIpO.n;o -
CR OKO O He.n;e . IToc e.n:HMe IIpO eTHH€ nTHrtH OTMeHeHH I MaR. 06-
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B ,Ile LTY RpRRBH IIpM eTaIDT 06HTfHO CTaRMH, B paBHOM COOTHO-
weHRR COCTORWJ'JMH M3 caMUOB M caMOR (Ta6 .2). Pe,n;I{o Ha6 aeT-
CR IIpe06 a.n;aHMe IITM:q Toro ME01'O no a, HH01' a BCTpeqaIDTC
CTaH TO LRO HS caM oB.
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8TO BpeMR MM ocTynHH RMIiffi He60 LlIW.e IIpOT8JU1Hl,1, IIOR IDWJiieCR
B npe cTLeBHX qaCTRX KPYIIHHX npoToR C 6HCTpHM TeTfeHMeM. 06HTf-
HO OHH OT,IU:lxaIOT Ha RpoMRe RD a;, KaR IIpaBMO, a e BO BpeMl1 BaJID-
B01'O npo eTa KpaRBH pe,n;I{o 06paaYIDT CTaM .n;o 50 11 60 ee IITR:q.
OBO LHO qaCTO B HeOO LWOM RO TfeCTBe OHM BCTpeqaIDTCR B CM8WBH-
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BO TfaCTM e :&TH no.n;o6HHe CTaH MHor a OCTMI'aIDT 2-3 THc.oc06el.
K ROH BTOpOa eRa,IU:l aIIpe BCKpHBaIDTCR MHOrOqaC eHHHe
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48
49
HO YBe TfHBaeTCR, YTRM HB HH He ROpMilTCR. ITpMTfHHa B TOM, TO
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1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 r978 1977 1978
-------------------------------
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50
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nepeMemalOmH€CR B IIpe,n;e ax e :bTU.
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-----------------------
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51
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CTBO YTOR. ITo eM ypOBH.fI BOAH B peKe Ha I M npn ee BCRPUTHU
npnBO.n;HT R saTOn eHMIO orpoMHHX yqaCTKOB CYWM C rycTHM TpaBOCTO-
eM npomnorO EX s aROB, XBomeH, OCOR, E BHOBL IIpOMCXO.D:HT ne-
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52
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llTM:q), a rrpe06 a,n;aHMe caM OB rrpaRTHTfeCRH OTCYTCTBOBa o (OM.
Ta6 .2). B 1978 1'. B pesY.n:bTaTe 'lpeSBllTfa HO HHSRoro ypOBHR
BO B KpyIIHUX llpoToRax nO'lTH TIO HOCT:&ID OTCYTCTBOB8JlH 6oRo a-
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3M C 8TEM nTM paccpe,n;OTo nMCL no BCRpllBmRMCR Me K1iM 03epaM
n EBM C OT aRBlliBM )UIOM n KOpMHJIHC:& v6eHLRBMH CTpe OJI1iCTa.
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YM€pellHI:l.MH M CM:bHHW'J BeTpaMl1, qaCTNMM CHe1'OIIa,n;aMH, qTO IIpHBe-
o K saMepsaHHIO TO :bRO qTO OTTa.f.lBmnX Me.T X osep n IIepeMemeHRIO
llTM:q Ha Ma OROpMHll€ nOJIHH:&1i. B ROH e BTOpOtJ eRB» B nOJIllHDRX
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JJJI1BaJIHCL s,n;ec:&, 06pasyS! ,n;OBO LHO 6o :&lllIle rpynIlbl. IIoc e OTTall-
BaHHR rp.f.lSeBUX OTM€ etJ M M€JIEHX osep, RaR M B 1977 1'., Rp.f.lRBU
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1' aBHUX IIpOTOK peKI1.
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MMaR M1irpa .R IIpo,n;OJDltaeTCR OT OM01'O ,n;o IIO Topa TfaCOB.
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1977 r. aHa IIORBMaCL B Haqa e BTOpOa ,n;eRa anpe .f.I, Macco
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53
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.Il,0 2-3 TNC.IITHq. 06bITfHO COOTHOWeHl1e IIO OB B aTO Bpetm paBHoe.
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54
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TeHO 8790 CBM.fISeH, T.lTO COCTaB O 22,9% (BTopoe MecTo) OT 06 e-
1'0 RO TfeCTBa WIaCTMHT.laTO IDBUX (cM Ta6 .3) B HaTfa e M cepe-
,IJ.aHe weCTH,IJ;eCRTUX ro.u.OB OHa OTMeTfa aCL RaR 06UTfHaR Ha BeceHHeM
IIpO eTe IITHqa [I] .
lli H 0 X B 0 C T b B 1977 r. nORBHJI8Cb B e :bTe p.Ce eH-
rn 18 aIIp€ , MaccoBu:i1 IIpo eT Haqa CR T.lepes T.leTbIpe .Il,HR H rrpo-
OJJ1Ka CR 22 )J.HR. rroc e.D:HHe IIpOJIeTBNe IITl1 OTMeTf€HU 25 MaR.
06maR IIpo.u.O Te :bHOCTb mrpa 37 )J.HeH (cM.Ta6 .1).
ITepBue YTRM IIp eTaIDT 06 HO He60RDmaMl1 rpyrrnaMM H IIapa-
MM. Bo BpeMR Ba OB01'O IIpO eTa TfaCTO 06pasYIDT CTaH .u.o 100 M 60-
JIee IITMq, MH01' a BCTpeTfaIDTCR M B CMeIDaHHUX CTaRX, HaCTfJ'JTUBaro-
UlHX O 2-3 Tuc.oc06e». B .Il,eRDTY IITH npWIeTa T 06u'lli0 CTaSlMH,
COCTORmaMH IIOpOBay HS CaMI:\OB H caMOR. Pe.n;I\O Ha6 .u.aeTCR IIpe06-
Hl'Je caMqoB, HH01' a BCTpeTfaIDTCR CTan, COCTORmMe TO LRO MS
caMUOB (CM.Ta6JI.2).
TOJILRO nepBue WHJIOXBOC H .u.ePEaTCR Ha IIO UH:bRX, a rroc-
e OTTaMBaHHR Me x npOTOK 8 l1S0 pOBaHHbIX osep IIepeMemalOTCR
Ha HMX. B BeceHHee BpeMa OCHOBY IIHTaHHH IITM:q COCTaBRRIOT ceMeHa
pac eHH , Be1'eTaTMBHbIe qaCTl1 11 RJIY6eHLRH CTpe O CTa. raMMapM-
.II,H HHTeHCHBHO IIOe aDTCR TO KO B IIepBb!€ .Il,lli1. NaCCOB IIpo eT
WK OXBOCTH COBlIa B STOT nepMO.Il, C IIO.Il, eMOM ypOBHR BO.II,U B peKe,
B pesYRDTaT6 OCHOBHaR Macca IITM:q paccpe.n;OTOT.lHJIaCL IIO saTOII eHHHM
YTfaCTRaM CYmM C ryCTUM TpaBOCToeM IIpOrnJI01'O.Il,HHX s aKOB, OCOR H
XBomea. CYTOTfHan aKTHBHOCTE l1X BO MHorOM cxo.Il,Ha C TaROBOH Y
RPRKBU.
K IIepBNM TfHC aM Ma Bo a B peR6 peSKO rra.n;aeT, H OCHOBHa.H
MaCca YTOR IIepeMe aeTC B Cop, 6 e B Ea Ra , r.n;e BCRpUBamT-
CR 60RDWHe Me KOBO HNe osepa. OCTaBWHecn 1'P.fIseBbIe HH3nHH .n;o MX
BUCUXaHHR IIo-IIpeEH6MY c xaT MeCTOM KOp eHHR E OT.n;axa TfaCTM
YTOR K ROHqy IIepBO eRaAU.MaH ypOBeHL BOAU BHOB:b IIOBumaeTCR,
8 TfaCTL YTOR HS BeT.lepmuc SOpRX IIepeJIeTSeT 8S copa B .u.eRDTY He
6e 5-7 RM. 3a IIepHO IIpo eTa Ha 10-RM MapmpYTe YTfT6HO 5755
SRS mHROXBOCT8 - BTopoe MeCTO cpe)J.H peTfnux YTOR (cM.Ta6 .3).
· B 1978 r. nepBUe nTH OTM€TfeHU 8 aIIpe , Macco IIpo eT
55
HaTfaJICR Tfepes 12 .D:Hea M npo.nOJDIUWCR 18 Mea. noc e,Il.ID1e IIpO eT-
HHe YTRm OTMeqeHH 8 Maa. 06maR npo.nOJIE Te nHocTL MHrpa 35
.D:Hel (cM.Ta6JI.I).
B STOM 1'O , RaR H B IIpe eM, xapaKTep cTafiHOCTH Y
mz OXBOCTH cymecTBeHHO He HSMe CR, IIpeo6 a.naHMe caMnOB rrpaK-
TMqeCRH OTCYTCTBOBaJIO. nepB e np eTHHe nTR paSMe a CL IIO
BCRpHBW1lMca Me HM osepaM 11 J maM C OTTaRBllilJ.M .D:HOM, KOpM CL
KJIy6€HDRaMR CTpeJIOJIHCTa. Eo BTOpylO eRa aIIpeAA, rroc e YCTa-
HOBJIeHMR XO OMoa IIorQ , OHM nepeM€CTM CL Ha Me KOBO.D:HH€ no-
HLH, a IIoc e OTTaHBaHMR rpH3eBHX OTMe e 11 M€ HX osep YTKM,
RaK 11 B 1977 1', KOp HCL TORDRO Ha HMX. HaTfaJIo MaCCOBoro rrpM-
eTa COBlIa o C HacTyrr eHHeM Terr Oa CO eTfHOE rro1'O .
3a nepRo.n IIpo eTa 1978 r. Ha 100RM Map!IlpYTe YQTeHO 7397
IITM:q, TfTO COCTaB O 19,4% (3 M€CTO) OT 06 e1'o Rc a aCTHH a-
TORJIDB X (cM.Ta6 .3). B HaTfa e R cepe e !IleCTH.necaT X ro.n;OB
OHa OTMeTfa aCL RaR MH01'OtU'lC €HHaR Ha IIpO eTe YTKa [I] .
H P 0 K - T P e CRY H 0 R B 1977 r. IIORBDACR B .n;e-
Te Ce eH1'H 18 aIIp€AA. MacconbW npo eT Ha-qa CH 27 arrpe.1I.R H npo-
OJIEa CR 22 .D:HR. IToc e,IJ;HHe npo eTR e rrTH OTM€qeH 21 MaR.
06lIiaR IIpO o.mmTe.JII.HOCTL M111'parnm 33 .n;H.fI. nepB e Tfj,'JPRJ'J, KaK M
60 nmHHCTBO yr1lX YTOE, rrp eTaDT 60.JII.llilJ.MM 1'pynnaMI1 H rrapaM11,
BO BpeMSl Ba OB01'O IIpo eT.a OHM pe,IlKo 06pas:YIOT CTaM H3 30-100 .
IITRn H .n;OBO LHO -qaCTO B He60RD!IlOM KO TfeCTBe BCTpeqalOTCR B CMe-
IDaHHHX CTaRX. rpynIIH tU'lpROB 06bITfHO COCTORT rropoBHY H3 caMnOB
M caMOR. ITTM HeCROJIDKO ,naea IIpOBO.nR.T Ha rrO HI.RX, a IIOCJIe OT-
TaMBaHM.fI .n;Ha Me KMX IIpOTOK R M30 pOBaHHHX 03€P n€peMemaIOTCR
Ha HHX.
MaCCOBbW rrp eT TpeCRYHKOB COBnaJI C BCRp THeM rrpOTOK,M
IITH CHa-qa a e aJIHCL Ha BHOBL 3aTOn €HHHX yqaCTKaX CYllilJ., a
R IIepE@M I1C aM Maa, IIOCJIe rra.neHH.fI ypOBHa, CMeCTH Cn B HHXHl1e
TfaCTI'J e nT .
B 1977 r. Ha 100ro. MaprnpYTe 6uno yqTeHO 3660 qHPROB-Tpec-
RYHKOB - TpeTb€ MeCTO cpeM pe-qH X YTOR (cM.Tac5 .3).
B 1978 r. rrepB e IITl1 OTMeTfeH 8 arrpeYm, MaccoBbW npo eT
Haqa CR qepe3 15 .n;HeE H rrpo.n;o a cR 13 .n;Hea. nOc e.n;HHe npOJIeT-
ENe YTKH OTMeqeH r8 MaR. 06ma.fl rrpo.n;O Te :bHOCTn MH1'paUHlJ.
40 .D:HeH (cM.Ta6 .I). XapaKTep CTaaHOCTH Y TpeCRyHRa cymecTBeH-
56
HO He M3M€HH CR, rrpeoc5 a,naHMe caM:qOB rrpaRTMTfeCKH OTCYTCTBOBa-
O (CM.TaCi .2). CHaTfa a TfMpKM paSM€llja CL Ha BCRpliBllilJ.XCR Me -
KMX 03epax H y ax. Eo BTOpyIO ,neRa.n;y 8npe H IIoc e YCTaHOBJIe-
BRa XO O,nHOE II01'O OHH FHHy eHH nepeMeCTHTI.CR Ha Ma OKopM-
Hue IIO M, a noc e OTTaHBaHMR 1'P.fIseBHX OTMe ea M Me HX osep,
RaR M B 1977 1'., ROpMHJ'.J1CL TO nKO Ha HMX. Haqa O MaCCOB01'O
IIp eTa TfMpKOB COBIIa o co BCRpT,lTMeM peRM.
3a IIepMO,n npo eTa 1978 r. Ha IO-RM MapmpYTe 6 JIO yqTeHO
604 TfMpRa -TpecKYHRI8. , TfTO COCTaBPlJIO 1,6% (7 MecTo) OT 061l!e1'o
'lilc a aCTHH aTOMKJBHX (cM.Ta6 .3). B HaTfa e H cepe e mec-
TH,IJ;eCRTHX 1'O,nOB OHM OTMeQa Ch RaR 06 e Ha IIpOJIeTe YTKM [IJ.
ill H p 0 R 0 HOC R a B 1977 1'. IIORBPlJIaCh B .n;eJI:bTe p.Ce-
eHrl1 23 anpe.1I.R, MaccoBuH rrpo eT HaTfaJICR qepes 13 ,nHea H IIpo-
o a CH 6 .n;HeM. ITocJIe,IJ;HHe rrpOJIeTHHe rrTH OTMeQeHH 19 MaR.
06mPH IIpo.n;O HTe LHOCTn MHrpanaH 26 .n;HeB (cM;Ta6 .I). ITepBHe
nTMnH rrpMJIeTalOT 06bITfHO He6oRDllilJ.MM rp:yrrIIaMH M IIapaMI1, M .n; e
BO BpeMH Ba OB01'O IIpo eTa pe,IlKO BCTpe aIOTC.fI CTaM 60 ee 20-30
nTI1:q. ]Hmh HHor.n;a MO HO OTM€THTL .no 200 SKS. BMeCTe C yrMMM
Bll,naMH YTOK. CT8H urnpoKoHoCOR oduTfHO COC ORT rropoBay M3 caM OB
J'J caMOR. aCTO Had lO.n;aeTCH rrp€OdJIa.naHHe caMnOB, 06 qHH BCTpe-
qj,'J O,IJ;MHOqHHX ce e3Hea (Ta6JI.2).
ITpl'J eT IIepBHX IITM COBrraJI C rro.n;HETHeM YPOBHR BO,IJ;N H BCRp -
THeM r aBHHX ITpOTOR, MaCCOBH0 IIpo eT - C e1'O na.n;eHMeM M rroc e-
.nyIOU M IIOCTerrCHHHM rrO.n;HRTH€M. 3TH SHaql1Te LHUe Ro e6aHM.fI cyme-
CTB€HHO He rrOBJIMR Ha pacrrp€.n;eJIeHl1e YTOR IIO KOpMOB M CTana.flM
- OHM IIOCTORHRO .n;e a MCh Ha Me OBO.D::bRX.
3a BeCI. rrepHO.n npO €Ta 1977 1'. Ha IO-RM MapmpYTe 6ano YTf-
TeRO 2418 llilJ.pOROHOCOR - TfeTBepToe MeCTO cpe H peTfHux YTOR (CM.
Ta6 .3).
B 1978 1'. nepB e nTHnu BCTpeqeHbI Ig aIIpe.1I.R, Macco IIpO-
eT Ha a C.fI Tfepes 15 .n:He M IIpo.n;oREa cR 14 .n;He . IToCJIeMMe
rrpo eTHue IITI1 OTM€TfeHH 19 Ma.fl. 06maR rrpo.nOJIXHTe nHOCTL MMI'-
pa H 31 .n;eHn (cM.Ta6JI.I). B STOM 1'O.ny,I K H B IIpe lljeM, xa-
paKT€P CTa HOCTH y ruEpOROHOCRH nOTfTH He MSM€HH CR. nepBue IITE-
IIORBH HCL cpasy JKe noc e HacTyrr eHH.fl Ten OB Co eqao II01'O-
.n;u C 6YPHHM Ta.fIHHeM CHera M JID a. epes 6 .n;He noc e nOBBneHHH
nepBHX IITMn npoHsomno BCRpuTJ'Je peRlJ.. MaccOBbW IIpo eT mHpORO-
HOCRlJ. COBna C HacTYIIJIeHMeM XO O HOE no1'o.n;u C YMepeHHHMM 11
57
CM HHMH BeTpaMH, qaCTHME O M (MH01' a C rpa OM).
3a IIepHO,n; npo eTa 1978 r. Ha IO-RM MapmpYTe 6wro YTfTeHO
472 SKS. mHpOROHOCRH, TfTO COCTaBH O 1,2% (BOCLMoe M€CTO) OT
o6mero TfMc a lIJIaCTI1HTfaTO IOBHX (CM.Ta6 .3). B HaTfa e M cepe-
JU1He weCT eCRTHX 1'O OB OHa OTMeTfa aCI. RaR 06HTfHaR Ha BeceH-
HeM npo eTe nT [11.
C e p a.fl Y T K a Ha BeceHHeM npo eTe B 1977 r. 6wra
OTfeHL pe.D:Ro ITTH eM, BCTpeTfeHO 13 8RS. ITepBHe OC06M OTMeqeHH
8, noc e e 21 MaR (cM.Ta6 .I,2). KOpM.flTCR YTRH Ha M€ OBO -
HHX osepax.
B 1978 1'. npo eT 6wr 60 ee BblpaJKeH. ITepBble IITM:QbI nORBH-
HCL 7 MaR noc e YCTaHo eHHR Ten OM noro , MaCCOBHH npo eT
Haqa CR qepes 6 .n;ne M I1 CR 8 ,n;neM. IToc e IHe npo eTHbIe IITM-
OTMeTf€HH 23 Ma.fl. 06maR rrpo,n;o. J'JT€ :bHOCTL MHrpa H 16 .n;nea
(cM.Ta6 .1). 3a Bec IIepHO,n; npo eTa nTHW:>I OTMe'la CL rrapaMH,
06bI'lHO B H€6o :bUillX CM€WnHHHX CTa.flX ,n;pyrnx YTOR (cM.Ta6 .2).
Ha IO-RM MapwpYTe OTM€qeHO 123 8R3. cepoa YTRlJ., TfTO COCTaB -
o 0,3% OT 06lIie1'O KO H'leCTBa llRaCTHH'laTOKnIOBHX (cM.Ta6 .3).
e p H a.fl K p R h B a B 1977 r. OTM€TfeHa a 8
MaR (napa J'J o,n;HHOTfHa.fl nTn a). B 1978 r. BCTpe'leHO 30c0611 (13
Ma.fl) .
K a caT K a 3a ,n;Ba ro a J'Jcc e OBaHl1M Ha B€CeHHeM rrpo-
Yl€Te 6bI a OTM€qeHa Bcero O,IJ;J'JH paG (5 8K3. B 1978 1'.).
r 0 r 0 :b B 1977 r. nO.flBH C.fl BO BTopot1 ,n;eKa,n;e anpeJffi,
MaCCOB npo eT Haqa C.fI 17 anpe (cM.Ta6 .I). ITTH npH eTaroT
CTB.fIMH DO 20-rOO oc06e , peJK€ napaMJ'J H ;H Me KHMH rpynnaMH. qac-
TO H B 60 :brnOM ROAEqer.TBe npHCYTCTByroT B CMewaHHHX CTaRX, HaC'lH
THBalOlIiJ'JX ,n;o 2-3 TbIC.oc06€ . OTM€'laeTCR npeo6 a,n;aHMe caM:qoB,
pe,n;KO CTal1 COCTORT nopoBHY H3 caM OB H caMOR (CM.Ta6 .2). ITep-
BbIe nTM:QbI e aTC.fl Ha 60 I.mMX nO bIHL.flX. OCHOBHHN ROpMOM fiX RB-
IOTCR raMMap bI 11 MO roCRH. Ko BP€M€HH MaccoBoro rrpH eTa 06-
PS3YlOTC.fI nOJlblliI.J'J B COpOBO qaCTH ,n;e.TI:bTbI, I OCHOBHa.fl 'laCTI. IITII
s,n;eG:b M oCTaHa J'JDaeTC.fI. B CB.fI3ll C 8TIIM Y'leTHbI€ ,n;aHHbI€ Ha Maprn-
PYTe He COOTB€TCTB'y'iOT ,n;eMCTBIlTeJ1I.HO 'lHCJIeHHOCTI1 1'orOJIR Ha npo-
eTe. 3TOT B saHHMaeT o,n;no 113 B€.n;yU X MecT CP€.D:M Bo,n;OllRaBa-
IO!!1l1X.
IToCJIe BCRpbITHH peKJ'J II oCB060 eHHR copa OTO :b a Bce 1'0-
rO H nepeM€CTl1Jl11Cf, 6 IDE€ K Eai1RaJIY, 11 npaKTH'l€CRJ'J He OTM€'la.1Il1C:b
B caMO .IJ;€ :bT€. iIpOJIeT I1X npOXO,IJ;J'JT no 6epery Ea.i1W:'J1B H IIpll eJKa-
58
UillM R HeMY TfaCTRM copa.
B 1978 r. IIepBHe nTI1:Qb1 OTMeTfeHH 12 arrpe , MaccoBHH IIpO-
eT HaTfa CR qepes 6 .n;nea II IIpo,n;o a cR Ha TeppHTOp1111 ,n;e LTH
TaKJKe 6 .D:He . IToc e,n;Hl1e IITH OTMeTfeHH 9 MaR. 06ma.fl npo.n;o -
TeJI:bHOCT:b MHI'pa 11 27 .n;nea (cM.Ta6 .1). CCOB npOJleT COB-
na C HaCTYII eHl1eM co eqHoM IIoro . ITOC € BCKpHTI1.f1 peKn M oc-
B06o eHHR copa r01'OJI:b HCTfe3,M ,n;a :bHealli8R Ml1rpa e1'O npoxo-
H a rro 6epe1'OBOa AEHJ'JH EaMKa a.
3a IIepno,n; rrpo eTa B 1978 r. Ha IO-EM MapwpYTe 6HAO YTfTeHO
272 rOrOJffi, TfTO COCTaBM O 0,7% (9 MecTo) OT 06mero TfHC a llRac-
TIIHTfaTO IOBHX (cM.Ta6 .3). H.r.CKp.fl6I1HHM [I] 1'OrO L OTMeqa CR
RaR MHOrOTfMCJIeHHa.fl Ha IIpo eTe nTM a.
K pac H 0 r 0 0 B H a H H P 0 R B 1977 1'. IIO.flBI1 -
CR 18 aIIpe , MaccoB IIpO eT HaTfa C.fl Tfepe3 18 .D:Hea (CM.Ta6 .
1). ITepBbI€ HHpKE np eTalOT He60RDwJ'JMlJ. 1'pynlIaMlJ. H napaMn, H
aJKe BO BpeMR Ba OBoro IIpO eTa pe,n;Ko o6pa3ywT CTaH 60 ee 20-50
IITM . ITOR roTcR OHl1 1'pynnaMH, B KOTOpHX RO TfeCTB€HHO npeo6-
,n;aIDT CSM:QbI, 3Ha'lMTe LHO peJKe 8TM rpynnH COCTO.flT H3 caM OB J'J
caMOK IIOpOBHY, OTfeHI. pe,n;Ko OTMeqalOTCfl O HO'lHH€ caMnu 11 CaMRH
(cM Ta6 .2). MHor a HHpRH BCTpeTfaIOTC.fl B CMemaHHbIX CT8RX, Hac-
Tfl1THBaIDlIiHX ,n;o 2 TbIc.oc06ea. ITepBHe IITIIQH KOpM.flTC.fI Ha IIO HH:bRX.
C IIO.D:H.fITl1eM YPOBH.fI BO,n;bI H SaTOnJl€Hl1eM HH3RHX 6eperoB BMeCT€
C .n;pyrlIMH BII,n;aMlJ. YTOK OHn nepeM€maIDTCfl Ha BHOBL 3aTon eHHHe
YQaCTKI1. IToc e BCKpHTH.fI peRM 11 na,n;eHl1.fl ypOBH.fI BO,IJ;H HHPKII yxo-
.D:.fIT B COPOBYID qaCTI. ,n;€ TH.1I TO :bKO pe,n;RlIe rpYIInbI KOpM.fITCfl Ha
60RDrnMX 03epax B cpe.n;ne QaCTI1 ,n;e LTH. MaCCOB npo eT KpaCHO-
1'O OBHX HUpROB cOBns C na,n;€HHeM YPOBH.fI BO M IIoc e.n:yID!lil1M
nOCTerreHHHM IIO eMOM ero. Sa 16 He IIpO eTa 1977 r. YQTeHO
r207 aRs.RpaCH01'O OBOro HbIpEa (cM.Ta6 .3)
B 1978 r. nepBHe nTHQH OTMe'leHU 22 anpe R, MaccoB npo-
eT HaQa CR Tfepes 8 .n;ne H npo,n;o Cfl 28 ,n;HeM. IToC €.n;nHe npo-
eTHHe nTHQH OTMeqeHH 30 MaR. 06ma.fl IIpo,n;o TeRDHOCTL MI11'pa-
H 38 .n;neE (cM.Ta6 .1).
XapaRTep cTa HocTM B 8TOM 1'o.n;y H€CRO LRO H3MeHH C.fI - 1'0-
pas o Tfame OTMeqa C:b CTaH C paBHbIM COOTHomeHHeM IIO OB (CM.
Ta6 .2)w ITepBue HHpKII IIO.flB HCD C YCTaHo eHHeM CO eTfHOE no-
rO H 11 BCRpHTMeM peR. Bee nepeMemeHMR nTJ'Jq no e LTe CXOJKM C
TaROBbIMM npe weCTBYID €1'O 1'o,n;a. Sa B€CI. rrepHO,n; npOJIeTa I978 r.
59
Y .TeBO 150 2 31m. KpaCHOrOJIOBOro HI:lpRa, tlTO COCTaBJ:WO 39,4%
OT 06mero Ko.rraqeCTBa IIJIaCT HTfaTO IOBHX (cM.Ta6 .3). B Hatla e
R Cepe,IJ;HH€ m€CT eC.fITI:lX rOAOB OB OTM€TfaJICR RaK MHOr0Tfl1C4eH
BRA [lJ .
X 0 x a TaR Tf e p H e T L B 1977 r. OORB aCh B
,n;e LTe 3 Ma.fl, MaccoB rrpo eT Haqa C.fI 'Jepes C€ML ,n;He (cM.Ta6 .
I). ITTl1 rrpll eTalOT He60 Lm11Mll 1'pyrrnaMI1 11 rrapaMI1, 11 Aa € BO
BpeMR Ba OBoro npOJIeT HeT CT8M OOJIe€ 20-30 oc06eM. CTaJ'J o6I:lq-
HO COCTORT nopOBHY 113 caMUOB H ca OR, pe.n;RO C rrpe06 a,n;aHlleM
caM:qOB, II €m€ pe € BCTpeqalOTC.fI O.n;MHOqHI:l€ CaMKE (CM.Ta6 .2).
HepBO€ BpeMH nTJUW OCTaHaBJrnBaroTcB Ha COpOBI:lX 'JaCT.fIX ,n;em,-
TbI, M Ha 30p.flX npe,n;npMHMMalOT rr€pe €TbI B B€PXHIO£O TfaCTL ee, r.n;e
KOpMRTCR H8 CP€.n;HMX 11 Ma eHL!{J'JX Os€pax, Me RMX rrpOTOKax co cno-
KOHHbIM Te eHHeM. OCHOBHI:lM KOpMOM c y aT MO IOCR , qneHHCToHO-
rMe H Be1'€TaTRBHI:l€ qaCTM paCT€HHM. MaCCOB npo eT COBrra C nOA-
RTReM ypOBHR BO.n;u B peK8. 3a ITRTL .n;HeM npo eTa Ha IO-RM Mapm-
PYTe YTfT€HO 264 8K3.XoXAaTOll epHeTI1 (cM.Ta6JI.3).
B 1978 r. IT€pBI:le qepHeTJ'J OTM€qeHbI 16 arrpeJffi (Ha 17 .n;HeM
paHhme, .eM B 1977 1'.), MaccOB npOJIeT Haqa C.fI. qep€3 r2 .n;H€M
II npo o a cR 28 .n;He . IToc e.n;HMe npo eTHbIe nTI1 OTMetleHI:l 30
Ma.fl. Oc5ma.fl npo,n;o.1DKJ'JTeJIT:.HOCTh MJiIrpaIJJ1R 44 MIl (cM.Ta6JI.I).
XapaKTep cTa HOCTI'J Y XOXJI8TOll qepHeTll CYlIjeCTBeHHO He M3-
MeHI'J C.fI.. ITfJpBbI€ lTTI1W>I OTMeq€HU Ha rrO bIHL.fIX. MX rrpJ'JJI€T COBIJa
C YCTaHOBJIeHHeM XOJIOAHOll norOM, YMepeHHI1MM 11 CI1 hHllMJ1 Be TpaMJ1 ,
TfaCTbIMIJ. CHe1'Orra,n;aMn. lVlaccoBLm npo eT IJaqa c.fI 'Jep€3 tJeTbIpe .n;H.fI
noc.JIe BCKpbITrfR peI{M. 3a BeCL rrepHoA npO €Ta yqT€HO lOIO ::)1\3.,
tlTO COCTaBH O 2,6% OT, oomero KOJIRtleCTB8 ITJIaCTllHtjaTo roBI:lX (CM.
Ta .3). B Haqa e R cepe,IJ;l1He weCTEAeCBTUX ro,n;OB OHa OTMeqa 3CI.
H.r.CRpRORHbIM f1] KaR MHOrOTf C eHH Ha npO eT€ B .
JI Y T 0 K B 1977 1'. nORBR CR 18 anp€JIR, MaccoBull IIpOJI€T
HaqOJICR epe3 BeHaA aTL AHeM H npo,n;OJI a c.fI TpMHaAT Th (CM.
TaO .1). Bee OTMeqeHHUe nTM ,n;e a cI. IIapaMM H R 1'pynnaMH no
TPM OC06M II€pBoe BpeM.fI ITTHIW KOpMHJIJ'JCL Ha nO HHLHX. TIoCJIe 38-
TOTIneHHR HHSRHX y acTKoB CYWH OHM IIepeMeCT . CI. CIO,n;a, a noc e
BCEpI:lTHR peR II OCB060Jli,Il,eHH.8 copa OTO JIL.n;a YWJU1 c5 I1 e R Eaihca-
y H HenocpeACTB€HHO B ,n;eJILTe OTM€qa CI. Kpa He P€AKO. 3a TpJ'J-
Ha,n;:qaTL AHe rrpo eTa yqTeHO mL 17 8K3. YTKa (cM.Ta6 .3).
B 1978 1'. Ha BeceHReM npO eT€, O eB}UUIO, lIS-3a qpe3BI:l 8il-
60
HO HHSRoro YPOBHB BOAN B peRe, YTOR B ,n;e LTe Bo06me He BCTpe-
eH. B Ha a e H cepe.n;MH€ meCTHAeCRTI:lX ro,n;OB OH OTMe a CR KaK
06I:lTfHa.fl rrTMua UB IIpOJIeTe [I] .
E 0 b W 0 K pox a h B 1977 r. lTO.flB C.fI. B AeJID-
Te 19 aIIpe , MaccoBH rrpo eT HaqaJICR Tfepe3 TpM ARR (cM.Ta6 .
1). Bee OTMeTfeHHHE: OCOOM ,n;eP'Ka I'lCL napaMM RJll1 rpynnaMH H3 qe-
TI:lpeX liTH H TO hRO O.D:MH pa3 BCTpetleHa CTa Ra lIS 9 SKS. "3 22
Kpoxa e , IIO ROTOpUX 6HJI olTpeAeJIeH, caM OB caMOR OKa3A OCL
paBHoe RO Tf€CTBO. B Hatla e npoA Ta liTM:qH KOpMRnHCL Ha no -
RX. ITpM oCBo60JK,Il,eHHR copa OTO h,n;a OHH IIepeMecTM cL K Ba Ka-
M 60 Lwe B Ae :bTe He OTMe AECL. OCHOBHOE rrpo eT npOXO.n;PJT
EnOJIL 6eperOBOM VLH BaMRa . 3a TpMRa Th ARe IIpo eTa
1977 1'. Ha IO-RM MapwpYTe O o YTfTeHO 30 Kpoxa ea (cM.Ta6 .3).
B 1978 1'. STO'l' BM Ha BeceHHeM rrpo eTe He BC'1'peTfeH. B Ha-
qa e H cepe.n;HHe weCT eCRTI:lX ro,n;OB 60 hWO KpOXaJffi OTMeqa CB
H.r. CRP.fI6MHHM [1] KaK 06I:ltJHaR Ha Ilpo eTe li'l'Hua.
Sa ,IU3a ro a Ha6 ro,n;€HM BeC€HHerO npo e'l'a MaCTMHTfaTO ro-
BI:lX 6 H Sape1'MCTpMpOBaHI:l TOJIDRO BJ4,JJ.a ryce - C € P H
l' Y C L H l' Y M e B H H R, CMeHHOCTh lToc eARe1'O BI:lme.
B 19'/'7 1'. M3CCOBW; lTpO t:T ryc;eE OTMeqaJICR C r9 arrpe IIO
19 MaR (CM.TaOR.I). B A J Te OHH IlORBJWIOTCR CTaHMH OT 5 ,n;o 80
oc06e , qame no 10-20 lTTHl.\ H TORDKO O.D:MH pa.:j BCTpeTfeHa CTaR B
100 rycea. He! OT,IlHX OHl'J Ca,IJ,.R'l'CR Ha eA M€JIROBOAHHX osep, r e
HMelOTCR He6o Llli1le npOTaJilUiH. RaK npaB o, 8TO cOBepmeHHo OT-
KpH'l'I:le MeCTCI, ,n;aJ16RO OTCTORI!(He OT KpYWillX npoToR OCHOBHW,
ROpMOM Hl1X, BepOR HO, CJ aT BereTaTI1BHI:le TfaCTH paCTeH1lE:
XBom, BaXTa Tpe cTHaR, C€MeHa s aKOB H OCOR, yoeHLRI1 CTpe-
O CTa. MecTa OCTaHOBOR ryce CTporo rrOCTOnHHI:l R He saBHCRT
0'1' JIe./J,OBoro rrORpOBa. CTaH IIpMJle alO'l' B ,n;eRDTY C I01'O-BOCTORa:
3aT€M c e.n;yIDT Ha ceBepO-3ana,n; H 3anaA. CYTO HHX rrepeMelIieHl1H
OHM He COBepwalOT H, ec IITM He Tp€BO aT, OCTaIDTCB Ha M€CTaX
B€Ch CBeTOBO A€Hh, B HeROTOpuX CJIy1WRX 1'YCM SaA€piIlliBaJOTCR B
Ae hT€ no HeCKO LRy CYTOK. Sa 16 AHe IIpo eTa 1977 r. Ha 10-RM
MapmpYTe 6I:lJIO OTM€qeHO 122 SKS. (cM.Ta6 .3).
M3-sa Hl13R01'O ypOBH.fI BO,IlH B peRe B 1978 r. ROpMOBa.fl 6a3a
r.yce h€CRO LRO y yqWRnacD. B CB.fISH C STMM IIpo eT CNJI HaH60 ee
RpRO Bupaxea. llepBue rrT lTORBI1 Ch 8 alTpe , qepes TpMHa,n;-
USTL AHe HaTfaJICR MaccoBHM IIpo eT, KOTOp rrpo.n;o a cR TpMHa,n;-
61
!taTL .JUiei1. IIOCJI€.JUiH€ nTJUJ;bl 6wm. OTMeqeHH 27 MaR. 06IQa.fl npo-
,n;O HTe :bHOCTL MHrpa:qJ']H COCTaBRna 49 ,n;Hei1 (cM.Ta6JI I).
Sa n€cI. II€PMO IIpO €Ta 1978 r. Ha IO-RM MaprnpYT€ YTfT€HO
649 8Rs.rYC€i1, TfTO COCTaBRnO 1,7% OT o6lIie1'O KO HTf€CTBa n ac-
TMHTfaTOMIOBbIX (cM.Ta6 .3). B Ha a € H Cep€,JI.HHe rn€CTR,II,€C.flTliX
ro,n;OB C€PHB rycl> OTM€Tfa CR H.r.CRpH6illiIiM [1] RaR O'1€HI> pe,n;RID1,
a ryM€HHHR KaR 06bITfHIlM J'J MeCTaME MHo1'oTfHc eHHIiH BR,II, Ha npo e-
Te.
Ora p I. B 1977 r. Ha B€CeHHeM npo eTe 6 OTMeTfeH TO-
J.[J,RO o.JUiaJiW>! (23 anpeJI.fl). B 1978 r. BCTp€qelill 2 napH 11 O.JUia
O,IJ;MHOTfHaR nTHIta (9 M 15 anpe .fI). KOpMRnHCb OHM Ha OTT8.f1BWMX
rpR3eBUX OTMe HX. B HaTfa e M cepe e rneCTR,II,€CRTbIX ro,n;OB orapl>
QTMeqa CR H.r.CKpR6MHbIM [I] TaK JKe RaK OTfeHL pe,n;Ra.fl Ha npo eTe
ITTI1Ita .
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MOJKHO pa36l1TI. Ha TpH q€TRJ'JX BOJIHLI, RaJK.Il,a.fl 113 ROTOpbIX xapaRTe-
pH3yeTcR olIpe,n;e €HHoi1 I1HTeHCMBHOCTI.IO IIpo eTa H pacnpe,n;e eHHeM
IITU:q no CTa . TaRaR n€pI10.n;nTfHOCTI> CB.fI3aHa, C O.D:HOi1 CTOpO-
Hbl, C I1.SMeHemUiMll, B03HI1KaIDIQIIMl1 BecHoi1 Ha M€CTaX OCTaHOBOK 11,
C .n:pY1'oi1, C pa3 TfHHMJ'J Tpe60BaHH.fIMn, npe R €MLlMH npO eTalO-
rr MH rrTH:qaMM, K YC OBJ1RM STHX MeCT.
ITepBoi1 BO He npe,n;rnecTByeT "no rOTOBI1Te LHIiH" neplilO,IJ;, xa-
paRTepl13YIOIQHECR IIp11 eTOM nOTfT11 BC€X BRAOB rrT11 11, RaK np8BI1 0,
OTCYTCTBl1eM MX MaCCOBoro npo eTa (3a 11cMWqeHl1eM 1'OrO R 11 06L1K-
HOBeHHOI1 KpHRBbI).
B 1977 1'. OH npo,n;o aJICR C 27 MapTa no 22 aIIpe.T1.f!, a B
1978 1'. Bc e,n;CTBMe n03.JUiero np11JI€T8 nTH B ,n;e I.TY, STOT nepJ'J-
o,n. 6 60 ee KOpOTRJ'JM - C 6 no 20 aIIpeJI.fl. B STO BP€M.fI nTH 8M
,n;OCTYilHLI lliI> He60 I>WMe rrOJiHHI.M Ha npoToRax C 6L1CTPbIM TSTfeHI1-
eM. Cpe.JUi€CYTOTfHLle T€MnepaTypLl IIo,n;Bepm€HbI CI1 :bHLIM Ro e6aHHRM.
K KOH:qy rrep110 a BCRpLlBaroTcR MH01'OTfl1C eHHLle M€ ROBO.D:HLI€ 03€pa
11 OTTaHBalOT rpR3eBbIe OTM€ H. U.n:€T nOCT€IIeHHOe YB€.TiliTfeHH€ Tfl1C-
eHHOCT11 YTOR B ,n;e I>T€ H He OTMF,qaeTCR OT eTa J'JX sa ee rrpeAe-
JILl.
IT€PB8H BOJIHa rrpo eTa B 1977 r. npoxo a C 23 IIO 25 alIpe-
62
JlR. aHa npe CTaBJlf.! a IIpO O €HMe MaCCOBoro npo e-
Ta 1'orOJlR 11 HaTfa O M8CCOB01'O rrpO €Ta 06HRHOBeHHoi1 KpHKBH 11
U!I,WOXBOCTR, npOTfl1e BPl,JUi OTMeTfalOTC.fI €,JI.HHMTfHO. B 1978 1'. BOJIHa
IIpoTeRa a C 21 IIO 26 alIpeAA. BWIa npe CTaBJI€Ha npOAo aIOIQI!M-
C.fI MaCCOBLIM rrpOJIeTOM 06L1KHOB€HHOM KpRRBbI M HaTfa OM MaCCOBoro
npOJIeTa UlH OXBOCTJol, 'il1pROB, rycei1 11 roro e:ti. aTOT nepHo,n; COB-
na,n;aeT C HacTynneH11€M TeIIJIoi1, cOJIHeTfHoi1, Ma OB€Tp€HHoi1 noro LI,
TfTO npHBo,Il,HT K 6YPHOMY Tam-rnID CHera M L,n;a. YpOBeH:b BO,ILLI B peKe
IIOCTelIeHHO nOBHlliaeTCR M npOMCXO,Il,HT €€ BCKpbITl1e. BrrepBue CTaHO-
BaTCR saMeTHLI CTaM, y eTarolliJ1e sa rrpe,n;eJILI ,n;eJ.[J,TLI.
oe-Tpoe CYTOK rrOCJIe rrepB011 BOJIHLI IIpOJIeT IIpaKTM eCRlJ. He
BUpaJKeH M ,n;aJKe ROPMOBLI€ rrepeMe eH1l.fI IIT11 3aTyxaIDT. Bo,n;orrJIaBa-
rolliHe paCC€AAIOTC.fl IIO BHOB:b saTOnneHHHM YTfaCTKaM 11 BeCL CBeTO-
BOa ,n;eHJj npOBO.D:.flT sa KOpM €I-rneM, H TORDRO OT,n;eJ.[J,HbIe Me Rl1e
rpynnu B paHHHe YTp€HHHe H nOS.JUiHe BeTfepHHe qaCbI 113pe,n;Ra nepe-
MeIQaIOTCR no ,n;eJ.[J,Te.
BTOpa.fl BOJIHa B 1977 r. HaO IO,n;a aCI> C 28 no 30 anpeJIR. OHa
xap8RTepH30Ba aCL npO €TOM Bce HOBHX H HOBHX oc06e11 lli11 OXBOC-
TJil, IIOBblrn€HHeM O TfMpKOB-CBl1CTYHKOB, Tfl1pKOB-TP€CRYHKOB H
CBJ1R3ei1. K ROH:qy BOJIRH nOJIHOCTl>ro 3aKOHTfl1JICR npo eT KpRKBU. B
1978 r. OHa npOTeKa a C 30 anpeJI.fl IIO 8 MaR. Sa 8TO :apeM.fl IIpo-
eTe o HaM60RDrnee RO TfeCTBO nJIaCTMHqaTOMIOBUX: rn11poKoHocKa,
CB1l.fISI>, RpaCH01'O OB HLlpOK M XO aTa.fl TfepHeTL, saROH CR
npo eT 06URHOBeHHoi1 Rp.flRBLI, Tfl1pKOB, rycea H rnI1 OXBOCTM. ITpo-
HCXO,JI.HT pesRoe rra,n;eHl1e ypoBH.fI BO U B peRe, TfTO 3HaGI1TeJ.[J,HO
YXYAlliaeT KOPMOBYro 6asy. ITTH BbIHYJK.II,eHH IIep€M€lIiaTI>CR. B copo-
BylO Tf8CTL ,n;eJ.[J,TH M Ha 60J.[J,rnl1x r y60RJ'Jx IIpOTOKaX He BCTpeTfaIDT-
CR, ROPMOBbI€ nepe eTbI Ha 30pRX OTCYTCTBYIDT.
IToc e BTOPOI1 BO HbI Ha6JIIDAaeTCR Tpex - TfeTbIpeX,IJ,HeBHilli cna.n
rrpo eTHoi1 aRTMBHOCTl1.
TpeTLR BOJIHa B I977 r. OTMeqeHa C 4 no 21 MaR 11 Owr8 ca-
MaR npO O Te :bHaR. B Te'1eHH€ ee rrpo eTe a OCHOBHaR Macca
nTH.Q: Tfl1pRlJ., CBRflSL, KpaCH01'OJIOBbW HbIpOR, XOXJlaTaR qepHeT:& M
UlHpOROHOCRa, 3aROH CR MaCCOBuH npo eT UlH OXBOCTH. B 1978 r.
TpeTL.fl BOJIHa IIpOTeKa a C 13 IIO 19 MaR. OHa XapaRTepHsOBa aCI>
MaCCOBHM npo eTOM RpaCHOrOJIOBOrO HLlpKa, xo aToi1 qepHeTH 11 ,n;o-
IIOJIHRJIaCL npO O lOmHMC.fl npo eTOM CBH.flSM 11 UllipOROHOCRl1 B STOT
nepMO Ha6 IDAaeTCR nOCTeneHHoe nOBHllieHH€ ypOBHR BO,ILLI B peRe H
63
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I. C R P R 6 11 H H.r. Bo,u,oMaBalOiIlRe nTMW:/. Ea Ka a. -
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8KOJlOTI1R KPOXAJillVi !II HbJPKOBblX YTlJK MAJIOl'O MUPf{ (03.EAHKAll)
B OCliOIJY CTau lluJIUilteHbJ MaTepl1aJIbl, C oc5paHHble 8IJTOpaMI1 BO
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66
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SToH YTHVI Ha EatiI\aJIe OlleHI. CKy.n;HbI. r.r.lIorrrreJII.MaI1p [2] Ao6b1JI
B 1915 r. caMKY C pa3BI1T MVI flMIJ,aMl1 Ha rOJI:D OBOM osepe B J3ep-
XOBLflX p. MaJIo epeMlliaH . o.K.ryceB [1] B 1959 r. 11 ].M.ma-
blweB [51 B 1960 r. OTMetJ.aJII1 BbiBOARI1 B paSJIVlQHblX llaCTflX Eail-
1\8,JIa ceBepHee MaJIoro MOpfl. H.r .CRpfl6I1H [6J B 1957 r. Bl1 eJI BU-
BOAOR TypnaHoB B BepXOB:DHX p.TapRYJIVlKa Ha CCBOpO-BOCTOtJ.HOM rro-
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o3 pa R cOl:lepy OT l1C ORa p.AHrapbl BbiDOAKH 3Tuii\ rr IJ,bI 06Hapy e-
tiLl TOJILI\O Ha 03epe OKu u Muca EOJILwoti CO OHIJ,OBUii\.
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o nuc. OHrypeH B 1961 r.
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OTUeXVli':D, qi'O HeEblCUHafl llVlCJIeHHOCT:D, a X(:ili)Ke Hajli1Ql1e HenOJlO-
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67
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anr,yCTa .ABa n,yxonblX nTt:HL\a B YCTLe p.Cap!i.lbl. 80. rrOC)re/ H118 Tp11
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].(Li: 30.06.1977 ,l\Ba CaMIJ.a B YCTLe p.CapMbJ l'1 12-13 MaR 1978 r.
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TotiIiI11., Ha 1\0TOpUX Hal1l(eHO OT 50 AD 70% rHC3,l\ 3Toro BJii,l\a.
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XOTH OT].(O.iIbIlue OCuOM :.iOrj'T l'He31(l'1ThCfl OlieHL n03AHO. TaK, 13
1977 r. nOCj!8,4HMe nTOHIJ.Li BblJIym:mwL 19 a.BrscTa. B OCHOIHIOM 1Ke
nep o,l\ rHe31(0BaH R OXBaT BaeT nOtlTil ,l\Ba MeCH!J,a - liTOPJ nono-
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1978 r. HaW1 He 3apel'11CTpMpOBaHO 11M O,l(HOI'O nU,l\06HOrO CJI:YliaR,
XOTR B npb}.(uAJll\eM, B 1 77 r., 1'13 22 rlle3,l\ G JIO pasopcHD eTufe.
69
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I 3,n;ecb E ,n;anee B Ta6 . 4, 5, 6, 7: TfMC ETem. - o6 eM. 3HaMe-
HaTe b - BCTpeTfaeMocTb.
P H 6 H - O.D:MH 1'13 OCHOBHHX BH,n;OB KOpMa qa.eK E KpaqeK EaE-
KaRa (pl1c. I). OTMeqeHO 16 BEnOB pH6. KOTOpHME nETaIDTCR 8TE
nTEUH: OMy b, xapEYc. llROTBa, e e , Ka, HanEM, ORYHb, H3b E
np. PH6H BCTpeqeHH Y cepe6pHCTO . CE30R H o3epHoR qaeK, peq-
80
HOM Kpa'lKH. He HaM,neHH OHI1 Y ManoH qaEKH Id c5e oRpWIoH ItpaTfIDl.
Oco6eHHo BeJIHKa pORD pH6 B nIdTaHEH cepe6pKcToH qaiKR - BecHoH
OHE 3aHHMarJT 96,1%, a JIeTOM 76,3% o6 eMa BCe1'O co,n;ep RMoro
Ee Y.D:KOB. Y cHsoA qa 8TH nORaSaTe 11 TaKEe BeJIHRH - 85% .
79% COOTBeTCTBeHHO. 03epHBJI qaZRa IIoTpe6 eT HaHMeHbWee E3
Bcex yKasaHHHX BJd.Il:OB qaeR KO HqeCTBO pH6bI - BecHoz II,8%, e-
TOM ro. 8% oc5 eMa IIEUIH. PORD MX B BeceHHeM IIIIITamU'I peTfHHX Rpa-
qeK OqeHb Be HRa, eTOM Ee OHa CHHKaeTCH nOqTH B TpM pasa. Y
Tex yKa3aHHHX BH,nOB qaeR Ha6 ID,naeTCH JIEWb TeHneH K CHHKe-
HEID pO E pH6H B nETaHHH OT BeCHH R eTY. qTO CBRSaHO C nOHB-
eHIdeM B Te oe BpeMR rona .npyrHx nOCTYIIHHX KOpMOB. B OTJIHqIde
OT Bcex qaeK, IIoe,n;aIDUlHx pH6y, Y peqHOH Kpa OTMeqaeTCH qeTRO
BHpBJKeHHaJI CeSOHHaJI .D:MHaMHRa KOJIETfeCTB IIoTpe6 eMoH 6HOMaCCH
pH6. JIID60IIHTHaJI RapTEHa BHREXHeTCH npH aHaRnse BEnOB01'O COCTa-
Ba pH6, 06HapyxeHHHX B COCTaBe ITHII11'! pa3JII1'lHHx qa.eR. OCHOny
pH6HOH WPaKnHH COnep M01'O Ee .D:KOB cepe6pHcToH qaEKH BeCHOH
H eTOM COCTaEXHIDT eHHHe rrpOMHC OBHe pHc5H: oMyRD (40,3%) B
Xa.PHYC (54,1%), a BeCHot!: 6HqOR-Ee ToKpH a (28,3%). OCTaJ1I>HHe
TpEH TE BEnOB Sa.HHMaIDT OT 0,28 ,no 7% 06 eMa. IIH eB01'O ROMKa..
Y cEsoH qaHK:H, B OTJIHTfMe OT cepec5pEcTOH, BecHoH - Xa.PHYCa.
Ta.6JIHIIB. .Ii
Po pHc5H B nHTaHHH qaHKOBHX IITH ( %)
BH,n pH6H Cepe6pECTaJI CE3aJI
qaHKa qaRKa
OSepH8H PeTfH8H 06 eM KaE-
qaAKa Rpaqxa. oro BH,na
psc5 OT IiIX
06 ero
06'DeMa.
BecHa JIeTo BecHa JIeTo BecHa JIeTo Bec- JIeTo Bec- JIeTo
Ha Ha
/36/ /275/ /66/ /148/ /104//178//15/ /184/
OMy E> 40.3 54..1 17.1
36,1 42,5 4,1
Xa.pl'lYc ...1.l 0.29 25.4 1.4 5.9
5,6 1,8 7,6 0,68 1,9
EaHKaRE>-
CKaR: WE-
POKo o6Ra 1.1 0.17
5,6 0,.73
81
- 23.4 59.8
- 1.04
0,54
17,1 0.68
0,60 0,1"1
OKOHQaHHe Ta6JIHnH 4
ITeCTfaHM
IDJapOKO-
06Ka
KaMeHHM
IllilpORO-
o6Ra
-1.&
2,2
II.5
5,4
- -I..& 4,.05
1,09
0.25
0,36
0,25
rO.nOMSfHRa - 0.63 0,95
Manaa 0,73 2,0
BbI-qOR- 28.3 2.6 -1.&' - - 16,4 3,7
)Ke TO- 13,9 1,8 2,0
Kpbl Ka
oTBa 5.6 16.1 27.6 4.2 9.0 9,6 13,0
II,I 7,6 4,6 10,.1 3,4 5,4
EJIen 2.3 2.9 14.7 5.8 1.8 .m....I 4.6 8,.7 4,7
5,6 2.5 3,0 3,4 1.1 20,0 3,8
ll!yKa 3.1 1.9 &1... 0.20 5.9 5.1 7.0 2,4
5,6 3,6 3,0 1,4 0,96 4,3
Ha.nliM 3.6 0.91 5.2 2,1 2,1
2,8 0,73 2,7
ORYH:b 6.7 &Q.. 19.5 3.8 - 1.04 77.8 14.8 14,9 6,0
8,3 10,,5 9,1 2,7 0,56 73,3 II,4
H3L -Ll 0,19 .k!2 0.28 1,.5
0,73 0,68 0,56 0,54
CasaH - 0.40 - 0,41
0,73
rO :b.llH - 0.28 - 0,29
0,36
IIecKap:b 0.54 - 0,20
1,5
Bce1'o no
o6 eMy: 96.1 76,3 84,9 79,0 11,8 10,8 96,9 36,4
82
25,4%, II.nOTBbI 16,r%, eRDD;8. 14,7% H ORYHH 19,5%; JIeTOM - Mo-
TBbI 27,G%, 0MYJIff 17,4%, ROTOPblH B BeceHHeM ITHTaHHH He y-qaCT-
ByeT. Y peTfHOR RpaqKB BeCHOR B )Ke.ny OTMe-qeHbI HWD ORYH:b
(77,8% o6 eMa mJlIIH) Ii e.nen (19,1%) , a eTOM cem. B:e.nOB, i1S
KOTOpRX IIO'lTE nO OBliHY SaHHMaeT OKyH:b. OCHOBayI) 'laCTD ITEIIIH
"pbl60 RX" 'laeR H Rpa'leR Ha EallKa.ne COCTaB.nmDT BecHOR-OMy b,
xapHYc, 6b1'lOR-l[e TOKpbJJIK8., ORyn:b; eTOM - OMy.nL H MOTBa
(Ta6 . 4).
TaKHM o6pa30M, B IIHT8HHH -qaHKOBRX IITHn BaJKHOe MeCTO S8H14M8-
T neHHble IIpOMHCJIOBbie BH bI pbl6: OMy b H X8PHYC, ROTopHe B 06-
meR C O)KHOCTH 3aHHM T BecBoH 40,5% H .neTOM 60,5% pbl6HOH WPaK-
HH co ep Noro )KenY KoE. XapHYc rroe aeTCfl rnaEHHM 06pasoM Bec-
HaM EO BpeNfl HepeCTOBHX MHrpa HHt a oMynb neTOM rrpH ero rrpOMW-
cne CTaBHWNH HeBo aMH ( HSbIMaeTCfl TIOrJ'J6rnafl B HeBo ax H BNopomeH-
HaH pbIoa ).
M 0 .n C K H B He6oJI:bIDOM o eMe BCTpe-qaroTCff B IIJaTaHJaH
C1430R, osepHOH II Ma.nOH 'laeR, 6e OKpH.nOH Rpa'lKH, 14 JIHw]) Y 03epHOH
80
70
50
>. 1
:::!:
......
..0
to ITIllIIJ 2
C>
C>
c:
C> tz]3
--
C>
0 4
. . .
3D
ID
BE:CHA 11[10
Pac. 2 PO L MO CKOB B llHTaHl1li 'laeK a Rpa'leK
1 - ClI3aH 'laHKa; 2 - OSepHaH -qafiKa;
3 - Ma.naH tfafiKa; 4 - 6e OKpblJIaH Kpa'tffia
83
aHKE OHE SaH:HM T 60 ee O H01'O npOneHTa 06 eMa eo epEEM01'O
xe OB, B oeHOBHOM BeCHoA (pBC. 2). s TpHH TE onpe e-
eHHHX HaME BH OB MO CKOB TORDKO TpE B1'p T SaMeTnylO pO :
Radix ovata (BecHoA 66,4% Beero o6 eMa MO CROB B xe
IITB , eTOM 41,8%). Radix pereger (15,9% H 1,9% eOOTBeTCTBeH-
HO) Galba palustris (7,1% l'J 30%). B xe ax Manoil. "liaHRH H
6e oRpHHoA KpatiKH OHM BCTpe"li TeR HaeTO RO pe o (1,4 -. 2.1%),
"liTO B03MOXHO paCneHHBaTb RaK e aHHHll 3 eMeHT B ITHTaHHH 3TMX
BM OB CTa6 . 5).
Ta6 :Hna 5
Po Mo eKOB B IIMTaHHl'J qaHKOBNX nTHn C%)
CH3aR OsepHa.a: Ma.na.a: Ee oRpN- 06 eM O1'O
B:z.n: "liatma 'Iatma aHRa a.a: Kpa- BH,n;a Mo e-
KOB OT HX
'IRa 06 m e1'o BH .n: a
Bec- JIeTo Bec- eTo JIeTo JIeTo BecHa JIeTo
Ha Ha
/66/ /148/ /104/ /178/ /48/ /74/
Radix ovata 0.54 0,05 iJL 1.2 66,4 42,7
7,6 1,4 7,7 4,5
Radix pereger - 0.05 1.4 15,9 4,6
0.67 2,9
Radix - 0,03 2,7
auricularia 0,67
Galba 0.29 0.31 7,1 30,0
palustris 3,0 1.4
Valvata - 0..009 - 0,15 0,9
sibirica 0,67 1,4
Val vat a - 0,07 0,17 - II,8
aliena 1,4 1,7
Gyraulus - 0.02 1,9
albus 0,67
Gyraulus - 0.02 0.08 0,16 0,88 1,,8
gredleri 0,67 0,96 2,1
QII
rrpO O eHl'Je Ta6nD 5
Planorbis
urnbiliferus
0.03
0,67
2,7
Anisus
contortus
0.03 0,9
0,56
Bithynia
contortrix
0.56
2,9
6,2
Physa
acuta
0.04
1,5
0,88
Pisidiurn sp.
0.24
2,9
2.6
Bee1'o IIO 06'I>e-
My:
0,87 0,59 7,08 1,4 0,16 0,15
Ta6mJ.na 6
Po 1'aMMapH,n; B ITHTaHHH anKOBNX nT-Hn C%)
B:z.n:
CHSa.a: OSepHaH Ma.na.a: Pe HaR 06 eM RaE-
qaHKa aitRa "liaAKa Rpa.tffia ,n;01'O BH,II,a
1'8MMapH OT
HX 06me1'o
06'I>eMa
Be- JIeTo Be- JIeTo JIeTo Be- JIeTo Be- JIeTo
CHa CHa CHa eRa
/66/ /148/ /104/ /178/ /48/ /r5//184/
Grnelinoides 3.6 - 45.4 0.56 2.6 - 0.14 89,9 41,2
fasciatus 21,2 52,9 2,8 16,7 1,1
Eulirnnogarnrnarus - 0.48 2.8
verrucosus 2,7 3,8 4,7 52,6
Eulirnnogammarus - 0.08 - 0.16 - 0,13 1,0
sp. 0,96 2,1
Mucruropus 0.50 - J.& 4,6
possolskii TO,6 8,7
so >-
QROHqaIDle Ta6 Wi 6 ::t
"-'
,c
0.40 0.14 0,67 5,2 10
Mucruropus sp. a
5 CI
2,9 1,1 c:
-S!.
Bce1'o IIO oc5i>e- C>
MY: 4,1 0,48 50,3 0,70 2,8 - 0,14
3
raM Map E H BCTpeqeHH B Eeny.D:Rax CH30 , osepHO
MaJIOH qaeK, peqHOH KpaqKE. Y IIepBHX BYX BMi,D;OB raMMapE,JUl Hai:\:-
eHH r aBHHM oc5paSOM BeCHOH (4,1% E 58,3% 06i>eMa , B eTHeM
Ee ITHTaHHZ Bcex llTHn OHM a8HEMaIOT HaMHOrO MeHbm H 06i>eM (pEC.
3). OCHOBnyID pO b cpe r8MMapM M1'paIDT a BH a: Gmelinoides
fasciatus (BecHoH 89,9% 06 eMa BceH MaCCH 1'aMMapH , eTOM
41,2%) E Eulimnogammarus (4.7% M 52,6% cooTBeTcTBeHHo)(Ta6 .
6 ).
Hac e K 0 M H e Z1'paIOT SaMeTHYID pORD B ITZTaHEM Me KEX
IIO pa3Mep8M BE OB 'IaeR Ii KpaqeK (OsepHaR MaJIaR qafutz, peq-
HaR E c5e oRpH a.a: Rpa tl1). B CO epEHMOM meny.D:ROB cepe6pEcToA H
CM30M TfaeK OHM SaH:HMaIOT OTHOCIiTeRDHO He60 mOH 06 eM (4,1% -
14,4%). Oc06eHHo Be EKa po HaCeROMHX B UETaHEI'J TaKHX BM OB,
RaK OSepHaR E MaJIM qai:I:KE M 6e oRpH M Kpa'llia (pEC. 4). Oco-
60e MeCTO B aTOM MaHe 3aHEMaeT peqHaR Rpa'llia, ROTOpM BeCHOH
nOTpe6AHeT B OCHOBHOM pH6HHH KOpM, a eTOM 60 ee nO OBEHH o6 e-
MB. co epDMoro JKe Y)J;Ka saHliMaJOT HaCeKOMHe (63,7%). OTCYTcTBl'le
MaTepHaJIOB 0 BeceHHeM IIliTaHEE MaJIOH, qai:I:Kz E 6e oKpanoH KpaTfRH
He IIOSBOAHeT IIpOBeCTE aHaJIOr qgOe CpaBHeHHe IIO Ce30HaM ro a.
Bcero B IIE e qaeR E RpaqeK H8M2 06Hap eHH IIpe cTaBETe 13 OT-
pR OB HaCeROMHX: EYRZ, RJIOIThl, pyqe HHRH, nO eHKJiI, BeCHHHKI!I,
B:HC ORpHXRE, IIepenOH'tIaTOKpH He, BYRpanHe, cTpeKosH, paBHOKpH-
He X06oTHHe, 'tIemyeKpanHe, rrpHMORpanHe, 1'eMep06H. Haz60 myro
po cpe M HEX Y osepHot'i 'tIafutI!l E1'paroT pyqetiHERH, ITO eHK:H,
CTpeKOSH; Y MaJIOH - pyqetiHEKJiI, BYRpH He; y peqHO Kpa'iRJi1 - py-
qet'iH:HKH, CTpeKosH y 6e OKpanOH KpaTfRH - pyqeHHRKH, CTpeKOSH.
TpH ITOC e.n;HEX BE a ITTMn HBnflIDTCH 60 ee YSKOCIIe aJIESEpOBaHHHMB
B OTHomeHMM BH60pa HaceROMHX B IIE . CESOH E cepe6pECTOn
qaeR B e :HTb IIo 06HHe IIpe nOqHTaeMHe OTp He BOSMOXHO, no-
CRO bKY pom, HaCeROMHX B EX Ili'JTaHnM HeBe Ra (Ta6 . 7).
Oc060 c e eT paccMoTpeTL pO b qEHOK B IIETaIDlE ITTEn. OHE
5ECHA
v v
v
vv
v
vv.
v
vvv
nETD
8 1
illIIID 2
Iv v v 1 3
I \ 4
FMC. 3 Po.m, r8MMapMi,D; B II:I1TaHl11'1 qaeK 1'1 Kpa'tIeK
1 - C1'13as 'lJaiiKai 2 - oaepHM qaiiKai
3 - MaJIaH 'tIaHKai 4 - pe1ffiaH Kpa'IJKa
100
90
70
>-
:::a
Io.J
.0
IC
a
c
c:
5D
o
10
5E:CHA
v v
v
'oJ V
V
V V
II
V V
V
V V
V
V v
. . .
V _ .. <II
V V _ ..'
V - -.. .
vv- ...
V -- :::
II II --- . . .
.. .
V ---...
vv -:::
II -_-.::
v II -'..
V -:-:::
Vv.,:...
II -
II 11":::--...
V - ...
V v_- :::
V _ ...
V V . . .
.. .
.' .
1
2
_3
0 4
t 1 5
6
PRC. 4 Pom. HaCeKOMb!X B ImT8.HMH 'tIaeK H Kpa'tIeK
1 - cepe6p1'1CTM q ai 2 - C1'1SaH 'tIaiiKai
3 - o3epHas qatiKai 4 - MaJIM 'tIaiiKai
5 - pe1ffias Kpa'IJKai 6 - 6e OKpH aJl Kpa'IJKa
I 0 tD --I
I 0 0 LD - 0
rJ 1 -6 E-< C\I LD H 0 8 H <l) -
Q) C") ro C") 0' 0 H 0
:.:; 0'\0 ID H <l) C\I H H 0
o 0 C\I H 0 (J) (J)
O O C1j N
::Ii. C") ro H ro- C,
{:H gE-< C1j C,) C") ID 0
Q) (J) C") C") :zI N N
o 1=1:::Ii 0 !::f:E P=I H H 0 0 <l) H 1--1
<l)
Igj 0 1D U 1D ro iH i LD 1 i ro
g; E-< <l) - Hro (J) o C\I to C1j H H to (J)
Q) C") H C") _ H HH C") E-< H H <l) o 1-;
rrI C")HC")<l)LD<l) N 0) ro
i::'- CO
Oi=: i'5 1H- .-1 LD.. C")
1 f i c: c: 0 <l)
gj (J) (J) . -HI-; 1--1 00
- -(J)(J)(J)C") _ 1D8 (J) (J)
g1g; IDO--=:!'HC\I NOH a H C") H
rf 8S=: 1 ' 0> i C")
Q)LD C")I Pi
--- j,i P=lH N H 0!-D I=: H
011 i C\I 1 (J) 1 iO C")_ iM-
'-' ro c
@ C") 01 - _ ro N <l) C") CD 0-'
:::r ,"",P' -OJ (J) i::'-N H 0
IS; II O--=:!'C"JN N o LD C
E-< C1j oi=: C] LD i i::'- i H
1=1 ,9
>< E-<ro ro H i::'- 1 0 i--=:!' C'-
Q)i::'- H .. (j).. .. .. C") <l) OHOH
;II H o <l)LDHO<l) ..c:-
gJ II IDC\lNHN NN N co
:.:; C1ji=: OJ .
'@ ::Ii ::Ii--=:!' OJ. a: --=:!' <l) - I
Pi C,)O 0') C")
J;r' (l) (l)H (J) -H(J) 1 m..l
£1') P=l1I i::'-H<l)NWN _ Q'}ll C")J
IS; 0 i=: HOH C") NHC") -
IS; H ro-H H '-_i::'-
@ 0 LD 1-;
E-<ro 1 (J) 1 0 1C") C")HOHONC
E-< (l)--=:!' <l) H W --=:!'--=:!' C") €J/ N
IS; ' H o 0 i::'-- N 0 o -
1=1 II C")N0 8
P' C1jS=: H.I
p::J -
::Ii C'1 Q'}
>< C,)<l) c i::'- H i::'- 9 H H
£1') (l)<l) -<l) - O<l) Htr;. i
:s; P=I II 1---i(J) N _ _ J " JJ ;1;
0 0 i=: HOH i::'-OO OH O--=:!'
:.:; C") - 0 -
(l) OlD 1 ' o ro 0 ' JI L') 0 0
C,) E-<i::'- tr;. 0
Q\ E-< (l)N 0 i OJ_ OHC
;II C,) II (J)
ri s::1 OHOOOC")
0t!bH N C")
0 'gm g<l) I 1
t:L, @ f5'IT ;lC")
- j
OP' P=li=: ON C")e) OLD
(l) .)
;II 0 (l)
><
(l) (l) '\0
(l) 0
:z! I I
if 0 :z! 0
E-< (l) 11 '\0 1=1
p:) g :z! £1') 0
:s; @ I! (l) 0 I- B
S gj 0
0 Pi ;II t@ (l)
::0;: ::r:: 0 1=1 @ C,)
:0;: (l) (l) (l) :.:; 5' H
: 0 k 1=1: C,) C,) Pi p.., ::r'
0 (l) IS: (l)
I=: P=1 I=:
co
OTMe'fleHbI B Trnnrr e C u
. HSOU, osepHoii 'flaeR, 6e oRpwr u u
U e = i\: : BCTpe'fleHU TOJI])}{O : : HTO B
mr 06 eM HaCeROMWC B 1KeJJy OM 1KeJIy,IUte HS 3II). y oaepHoii 'flaif-
1 0 ,101 ) H ",u'-< ,Iij{a.X HeBeJrnK (BecHoii 2%, eTOM
, '%/0. "....uOJII:,UWIO poJII:, JIIttIHHIW a.JOT
1m (BeCHoii - 10,5%, eTOM _ 4 02 y B II:I!:Tamm osepHoii 'flait-
HEMaIOT TOJII:,RO 3 3 % Y .-< ' u . pe'tIIIOii Rpa'flIW OIm aa-
, 0, ueJIORpwr01! - 11 4% 0
.mr JlH1:mHOR 3a.lmMa.IOT ' · CHOBHoe MeCTO cpe-
npe.IJ;CTaBHTeJIH BO,1UmX HaCeROM'EDC (IIJIa.ByH
, I'J.T.a.,II,lllliU, py'fleiiHHKH no.n;eHIW -
RU, ROpOMbICJIa). ' , mrC OI{pIiJ.lRH, cTpeRosH, CTPeJI-
ITOJJ;po6HI:ffi pla60p POJUr plMIttIHIDC
'flaeR H tma'fleI\ I'pYIIII :/KHBOTllliX B m!Tamm
. .'.1:' IIOSBOJIHT BElJICImT]) pOJI]) IITHO; B cI>
npno.n;HWC 6Ho eHosoB. BO-'BTOPWC 6Y eT II nmm KLn'IoHHpoBaImH
peHoc e 'flafmarvm H Rpa'flRalvn! onac . -..., eH M'aTepHaJI 0 ne-
1'eJIbMUHToaHHX aa60JIeBaHHit Ha OCHO ;lJ,.7.U1 'fleJIOBeRa H J!tHBOTHWC
pa6oTaTI. COOTBeTCTBYIDnwe Mepo :eamm STOI'O MOJIHO 6Y eT plS-
pacUPOCTpaHeHIDi 3T u Be IIpRlITRff no npe.IC'n:PeE,D;emno me
. n IIpOCH OC06eHHO Ba1KHH
CImH01'O OCBOeImJI paHOHOB Boc .' C B YCJIOBIDiX HHTeH-
.-< u TOtffiOH mJ1Iplr H B 'flacTHO C """ II
uaHRa.JII,JI. ' .LX" p:n-
JIJITEPATYPA
1. CRPH61!H H.r., PaSIlaXHHHS 0 B .llir
EaMRaJIa. _. B KH.: PORD IIT . .. Tamre 'flaeK H Rpl'fleR
MpKYTCR, 1978, C. 4-52. IiI:! B 6l'10 eHosax HOCTOtmOM CH6EPH.
Qll
C.l1.JI:mUffi, B.,TI,.CoIllm, IO.A.fflHeB
o CMHAlITPOITH3AL\HvI 1iAEK ( LARIDAE) B
BOCTO\!IIOt1 CI'ThIJ1FV!
13 IIpo ecce OXJPVIHpOB8JUffi aHTpoIIoreHHbIX m;.IJ)lIa4JToB, CBH3aH-'
IIUX rJIaBHLIM 06pa30M C pa3BIITlIeM cII6HPCROii rI1.n;posHepreTllliH,
1J:aMKII H3 Bcex IIIJlIDo;rUILIX nT:m BOCT01J:HOM CH6MpII OI\aSMIICE Hau-.
oo ee II.1IaC'I'II1J:HbIMM B OCBoeHmr HOBhDC MecTOOOHTa.Hwi M o6LeI<ToB
IIMTamI.fI. 8TO IIo.n;TBepJlQJ;aeTcfl Hacir!Io.n;eHlffiMM, rrpoBe.n;eHHLIMM HaM11
C 1950 no 1978 rr. B HaCeJIeHHLIX IJyIII\TaX II IDe o.JIIDKa.illrrIDe OIqJe-.
CTHOC'I'.FDC Ha 03.EaUI\8JI, peRax AHI'ape, Kwrepe, BepXHei1: l\.Hrape,
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B cce. B 1974 1'. 3,n;eCb JKe II MM 6bIJIH BCTpe'IeHbI 03epHbJe
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EI'JBOTHbIX KOMIIOHeHTOB B ROpM8X aHTponoreHHoro
H eCTeCTB€HHOrO rrpOHCXO €HI1H
A - 8HTponoreHHue; B - eCTeCTB€HHbIe.
1 - pacTMTe HU€; 2 - JKMBOTHue.
Pl1c.I. CooTHOrneHl1e o6 eMoB rrMweBbIX ROMIIOHeH-
TOB aHTponoreHHoro M eCTeCTBeHH01'O rrpoMcXOE-
.n;€HRR B pa oHe TfaeR
I - 8HTponoreHHHe; 2 - eCTeCTBeHHHe.
C u:e bIO Me,IJ;Im;rmCRoro o6c e.n;OBaHHH, 6WIH nonyTHo C06p8JIbI JKeJIylJ.-
RH. HCC elJ.OBaHIDI MX co.n;ep1Kw,Joro no.n;TBep.n;JIJH1, qTO B COCTaB
IwpMa cepe6pMcTLlX, C}13bIX M o3epHbDC 'IaeR, a TaRJKe pe'IHhIX Kpa-
1:IeR BXo.n;m e6HbIe 3JJaKYI M OTXO.n;H y60HHhIX u:eXOB YTMHH'X il>epM.
AHaJIl'J:3 Ta6.Jr. 4 nOH:a3bIBaeT, 'ITO B IDITaIDtH 1:IaeR aHTpon01'eH-'
Hh!e ROplvra 3aIrn:MaIOT 3Ha'ill:Te HOe MeCTO. B 'IaCTHOCTM, y cepe-
6PMC'l'Oti 1:Iai1:KM OHM nOtITM BlJ.BOe npeBLillJaJIH OO'beM eCTeCTBeHHbIX
ROplIOB (62,4%). lTpM STOM rrpeo6JJa,IfP.IDle ROpilOB JKHBOTHOro IIpoMC-
XOJK.n;eHJ'Jfl y 8Toro BMJ\a He 3HatIMTeJIbHO (25. 5% pacTMTe HhIe KOplla
M 36,9% ,;;rn:BoTHHe). CooTHoIIIeHMe STMX IWMIIOHeHTOB IDITamm y CYI-
30M tIaibm OTmItIaeTC.fI He TaR 3aMeTHO: 52,4% 3aHI1MaJOT aHTpOno-.
remme IWpMa 11 47, 67 -wplla eCTeCTBeIllioro npOMcxojr,.n;eIrn:.fI npM
JIBHOM npeo6.lIa,I(aHilli JKIffiOTI-IHX ROpMOB. Cpe,TI;HHi'r 06'beM I'JX COCTaBM
46 ,9%, paCTHT eJIbIIbre Bcero 5,5% BC ex aHTponoremIbIx IWMnOHeH-'
TOB nMTaHAA 8Toro BMa. Y 03epH0l1 1:IllIKYI Ha6Jllo,IJ,aJIOCb npoTMBo-,
IIO OJKHOe COOTHOIIIeHHe eCTeCTBeHHbIX Ii aHTpOnOreHHhIx ROpMOB, JIG'J-.
BOTHbDC 11 paCTWl'e bHbIX KOI,mOHeHTOB IIl'ITaHH.fI COO'l'BeTCTBeHHO -,
51,3 H 4;:',7%; 3,0 l! 4 2,?%. BCTpe'll'l paCTl!Te HbIX IWpMOB Y petI-,
99
98
HbIX Rpa'leI{ HOCm C.ny'laiiHbn'1 Xap8RTep. ;JaMe'leHO, "'ITO Y BCeX 'la-,
€I\: , QTCTpe HHbIX B aHTponoreHHOM aH,I1).[]acpTe ,n;eJIbTbI p. Ce eHI'H,
B COC'faBe eC'l'eCTBeHHbIX IWpMOB OTCYTCTByrOT IWpvla p9.CTJlITeJIbHOrO
rrpOMCXOJK,n;eH11.fI (pHC. I, 2). '
HeCMOTp.fI Ha rnRpOKoe npOH1IRHOBeHHe 'laeR Ha TeppHTOpl'IIO Hace-.
JleHIIHX nYHI{TOB 11 ,n;pyfiie MeCTa XOsHllcTBeHHoH ,n;emeJII.HOCTH "'Ie-,
JIOBeRa npou;ecc CHHaHTpOn113arUI1'I 8TOti rpyrrIIbI nTM B paccMaTpmJa-.
eMOM pernOHe He 3aBeprneH. Heo6xo.IJ:luIIO ,n;aJIIOHeMrnec I1I3yqeHne III on-
pe,n;eJIe1Ure IIpllRJIa,IJ;Horo SHa'leHl'JH SToro HOBoro .n;;I.fI BOCTo'lH011 Cu-
6I1Ipn .fIBJIem1JI.
.mrTEPA T.YPA
1. IvIeJThHI'JIWB KJ. H. iIco oI'II.fI 6e oRpbIJIo:ti: Kpa'lRn BOCTO<IH01J: Cn--
onpn.- 13 KH. : JRO OfiiH IITIill; BOCTO"tffi01J: Cn6llpIlI, I1pRYTCK, 1977,
c. 59-,92.
2. CI(p.fI6IlH H. r. 3ROJIOfiiH cepe6pIlIcToM III cn30ll 'lam{ Ha EaM-,
IW-.JIe. 13 RH.: 3IW.lIOnIH IIT:HIJ; BOCTO'ffiOH Cn6Ilpn. HpRYTCR, 1977,
c. 4-36.
3.ToJI'llIH B.A. Oco6eHHocTu qJOpMHpo:saH1I.fI rrpmJO,n;HOll OPl:IUTod:ay-,
1ill lJpaTcRoro BO,n;OXpaH1IJTIlII\8.. - D FH.: HorrpocbI 30oreorp9.cI>iIlI Cn-,
6I1Iplii. I1PKYTCR, 1974, c. 61-6C.
4. IOplffiCRIDI T. Taomlu:a. Ha6mo.JJ:emrti Ha,n; rrpo eToM rrnr:q 'lepe 3
Ilp1\YT u CI{ BecIIOM 1901 1'.- Tp./Cn6llpcRoe 06-BO eCT€CTBOnCnbITa-
Te eR.. CIT6, 1901. T. :xxxn, Blin.l, c. 315-.319.
5. Scalon W.H., Sloudsky A.A. Sur la Faune des oiseacus
du bas sine d'Angara "Le Gerfaut" Bruxelles, 1933 ry.
roo
1O.A.CaMopo,n;OB
3KOJIOnm 03EPHOtl 1lAJlK!1 HAYP3YMCKOrO 3AIIOBFJJ;H11KA.
(CEBEPHbItl KA3AXCTAH)
03epHaR TfaI1Ka (I,arus ridibundus L.) B EBpa3HR pacnpOCT-
paHeHa WIdpOKO, MeCTaMH ,ItOCTl11'a.fI 60-6 ceBepHot! WMpOTH. B Ka-
3aXCTaHe - 06HKHOB€HHaR H MeCTaMH MHOrOTfHC eHHaR nTl1:qa. IHe3-
,IJ;1TCS1 KaR B paBHHHHoi!, TaR M B ropHoif TfaCTRX pecII36JmRH Ha Bli-
COTS ,n;o 2000 M Ha.n ypOBH€M MOpa. OTCYTcTByeT JIHrnD B 6esBo x
T.iaCTRX MaHI'UlDJIaRa. H€cMoTpa Ha OBO HO BHCORyJD TfHC eHHOCTL,
CB€,n;eHl1R no ee aKO 01'HR SToro pe1'HOHa OB LHO OTpanOTfHH.
rrpM eT TfaeR B paifoH raes,n;oBaHllR Ha6 ,n;aeTcR o BCKpHTMR
Bo oeMOB, R01' a B CT€nll RO€-r,n;€ €me JIeUT CHe1' IIo.aMeHM€ ee
Ha osepax HaYPSYMCK01'O 3anOBe.n;HHKa OTMeTfeHO B 1967 r. - 4 aII-
pe , B 1968 1'. - 2, B 1969 r. - 12, B 1970 1'. - 16. B 1972 -
8 11 B 1973 1'. - 6. ITo CBe.neHMSiM K. .E1nwHa [9 ], B€CeBIDW IIpO-
eT s eCL IIpOXO 22-24 arrpe .
He3HaTfHTeRD IIpOJIeT B paifoHe OS.MOKp01'O (R ceBepo-BocTO-
Ry OT KycTaHaR) Ha6Jm.rr.a 23-26 anpe M.A..IJ:o.IIrYWHH [8] .
AHaJIHSnpYR .naHHHe IIO npO €TY nTl1lt B paSJIHTfHHX TfaCTRX ape-
a a, BHRCHfleTCR, TfTO IIpOXO,IJ;1T OH BOJIHaMH C IIOCJIe TfHC€
MapTa o RO alIpe [ID, 8] .
ITocJIe IIORBJIeHMR qa RM epm:aTcR B6JIH3H R Owm, HO K YCT-
PO CTBY 1'H€3.n IIpMcTYIIalOT cpaBlillTeRDHO n03MO. TlRc eHHocTL
meSMII!HXC.R 03epHblx TfaeR 113MeHSJeTCS1 no ro aM, TO, npe!t,Ite Bce-
1'0, SaBMCl1T OT ROpMHOCTM 1lX M€CT006MTaHRa. B 1967 1'. Ha OS
JH:apRO Tfa KH 1'HeS,IJ;1JIE.CL Ha CMaBllHax M OT,n;eRDHHX ROTfRaX, OCT-
pOBRaX TpOCTHMRa H p01'osa, 06paSYR TpM 6o mnx noce eHH.fl. ITep-
Boe (Moma,lJ,DJD ORO O 60 1'a) TfHCJIeHHOCTLJD nOD-1200 IIap paCIIO-
JIa1'aJIOCL Y BOCTOTfH01'O 6epera osepa. BTopoe (350-400 IIap M.
3 1'a) OTM€TfeHO B 3alIaMOa T.iaCTH Bo.noeMa. ecL e Ha OT e L-
HHX ROTfRaX TpOCTHHK8 ePEB OcL 17-18 IIap peTfHHX RpaTfeR.
TpeTLe IIoce eHMe (I3OD-I4OO nap, un.I50 1'a) pasMema ocL B ce-
Bepo-3alIaMoi1 T.iaCTH 03epa. KOJIHqeCTBO 1'H€S.n B RO OHMRX TfaeR
Ha OT e HHX CMaBMHaX OT 3-8 o 32, IIpHTf6M paCIIOJIa1'aJIHCL OIlli
.IU>yr OT .IU>yra Ha 80-100 B 60JIee CM [ 19 J .
Ha OS.EoRDIDOa AKcyaT, npe'l30CX0,IJ,ffil1eM IIO MOma,IJ;1 03 JKap-
101
RORD, B 1967 1'; TaIOKe OTMeTfeHO TpH 1'HeS OBDR: B 1I11tH0if qaCTl1
75-80 nap, B IDro-3alIa oif 40-50 H B II11tHO qaCTl1 e6e o1'o
II eca (cpe .fI qaCTL osepa) 8OD-900 IIap.
.. B 1968 1' B CM3M C peSfG:!M YCbIX8HMeM HaYPSYMCKMX osep
(ARcyaT, CapHMo1lH, JKapRORD 11 .) qaCTL nTH:q nORMHyJIa IIpe1K-
8Me rHEiS,II,OBLR H paM€TeJIaCL IIO yrl1M Bo,n;oeMaM. qacTMTfHO OHM
IIepeCeJIHJIHCL C OS.JKapKO Ha os.EaAHasap-Rona, pacnO 01KeHHOe
1,5 RM ceBepaee . aTO MeJIROBO oe osepo IIpe,n;CTa eT c060a
a Bo oeMa, coe HeHHHX He60 maM IIepemeifROM, IIO Tl1 nepecu-
xal>1lIHX K ROHItY eTa. B 1969-1973 1'1'. 06lliaR n olI!a , SBRflTaR
rneS OJ;lMeM TfaeR HB osepe, .n.OCTHra a IIpRMepHO 16-20 ra. rHes-
.n.a paSMelliaJIHCL OT eRDHHMR MHOI'OTf1lC eHHUMa MRRpORO OHH.fIMJd (OT
3 o 48 1'Hes ) 11 l1S0JIHpOBaHHo paS6POCBau Ha 60 bmoif TeppMTo-
po. B 1969 r. Ha osepe paSMH01ltaJIOCL 800-1000 nap; B 1970 1'.
- 800-900; B 1971-1973 rr. - 70o-aOO nap; B 19'74 r. OKO O
500 IIap [ 18 ] BKe1'o,Il,Bo B nOceJIeH1'!H HaC5Jrn.n.a ocL HeCRORDKO e-
CHTROB XO OCTHX oc06ea
Ha os.RapaJKaP B l1IDHe 197I 1'. 06HapyxeHa KOJIOHMR osepaux
qaeK, HaCTf1lTIiBaIOlI!aH ORO O 300 1'Hes .
I'Hes OBaHMe qaAIW OTMeTfeHO Ha KPYIIHHX H cpe,IUW.X Bo oe- .
MaX. Eo BpelWi, Ro eBOR OHa M01KeT 6UTL BCTpeTfeHa Ha npecHWC 11
co eHHX osepax, peTfRax, IIOJIHX, B CTelIRX R no ynycTHHHX. I'Hes-
a paCIIOJIa1'al>TCR Ha CMaBIDiax MS TpOCTHMRa 11 p01'osa, B CRO-
meHHOM TpOCTHHKe Ha IIHpeifHIiX ROTfRaX (BllCOTOiti o 1 M) H, RaR
l1cRJII) eHMe, B 6poweHHHX rHes ax e6e eif M cepe6pMcTwc qaeR.
B nepRO rHe OBSHRH OSepHH€ qaitilW MCIIHTUBBIOT saMeTHoe
e ROJIe6aHMR ypOBHH Bo oeMa, B CERSH C qeM nTH nOCTO-
RHHO (B OCHOBHOM B CBeTJIHe Tfacu CYTOR) BHHY eau Ha cTpaM-
BaTL CBOH rneSM. BepoHTHo, CTMMYJIaTOPOM ST01'O RMelWR cJIy-
JKHT BOM, nORBJIJiIOIIISRCR Ha ,Il,Be OTRa.
Ha cTpOaRa 1'HeS Ha os..EaitiHassp-Rona aRTHBHO HaTfMHaJIaCL
C paCCBeTa H IIpo OJI1ta aCL .It0 7 Tf , SSTeJlJ Tf1lCJIO npMeToB
IIT1l:q co CTpOl1TeRDH.bIM MaTepHa oM peSKO CORpalI!aJIOCb. aTO RMe-
HMe Ha6 .l(aJIOCL B 1>6YI> II01'O , eJlte eBHO, He npeRpaIIl8RCL
e B mTopM 11 npE peSROM IIOXO O aHHH - CHeEHOM 6ypaHe. ,
CTpOl1TeRDHUM MaTepRaJIOM CJIy1KaT CTe IIbIpeR, TPOCTHMRa,
p01'Osa, BeTBM K,yCTSPHHKOB AJmHoi o 50-100 CM. qaitilW IIpHHD-
CRT e1'O R 1'HeS,II,y epes 0,5-2 MMH. qacToTa np1dJIeTOB SaBHCl1T
102
OT aRDHOCTH MapmpYToB, pasMepoB, BM,II,a B COCTORHRa MaTepMa a.
H€pe o TpOCTHMR H p01'OS B ep1'HBaJIHCL MS BO C ROpHHMH.
CTpOMTeRD MaTepMa C06Bpa CH Ha 6JIHSpacIIOJI01KeHH&X RYpTnHaX
TpOCTHHKa 11 p01'osa. Sa CYTIW BUCOTa 1'He3,n;a YBeJIHTf1lBaJIaCb Ha
5-6 CM; HeROTopue Tfa 1W OTHRMaJIH CTpOHTeRDH MaTepHa y Y-
I'HX oc06ea, JIH60 pasopaJIH nycTYIDI1IHe R 6pOllleHHble 1'Hes.na. ITpH-
Hece MaTepHaJI 06uTfHO OCTaBa CR nepe,n; c lIieif Ha rHes,n;e
qaifROA, ROTOpaR YMa.Il,/:U3a a e1'O Ha Rpaii OTRa, a CIIo salO1IIID!
BHyTpL OTKa MaTepMa YTpaM60BHBa CR. npO €CC Ha,n;CTpO KM npo-
.n.OJI1ta CH Y TfaeK BeCL IIep110.n. paSMHOKeHH.fI.
llocJIe IIpM eTa B paAOH paSMH01KeHRR aAIW paS6MBal>TCR Ha
IIapu 11 npMcTynaIDT K CTpOHTe CTBY rnes,n;, ROTopue paCIIo araIOT-
C.fI 1' aBHHM 06paSOM Ha II aByqeM cy6cTpaTe. I'Hes.n.a CTpORTCH
CHaTfaJIa Ha IIepl1wepmM IIOCeJIeHHH, S no Mepe oCDo60 eHM.fl TeppM-
TOpO OT RD a M CHe1'a YMOTRliIOTC5! B :QeHTpe, MH01' a RO OHH.fl
paspaCTaeTC'J'! OT :qeHTpa. B TaKOM cJIyTfae OC06M, IIpJllCTYIIMBUlMe R
rnes.n.OBaHMID IIepBllMB, OTTeCH.fIIOT 60 ee IIOS,Il,HJ'JX nT1l:q R IIepMwepBM.
CMeHa pO Te ea Ha 1'Bes.u.e IIpOXO.IWT IIO paSHOMY. H€ROTOPU€
qafhw., YCJIHWaB 1'OJIOC IIpMS€MJl.fIJ}lIierOCR IIapTHepa 11 He OJl!,lJ,aBUlMCI>
saMeBH, C eTaJIH C I'Hes a. B Y1'HX C TfaRX IIapTHep no eTa
R clUteBweif Ha rHes e qat!Re, ROTopaa,..BUCORO IIO,Il,H.f.I:B 1'O OBY" lID-
BopaTf1lBa aCL R HeMY CIIMHot!, cxo,IUUIa C 1'Hes.u.a R IIo,Il,H1lMa aCL B
B03 X. MH01',n;a IIpMeTeBmaR C8MRa 60ROM IIO O,I1,Ma R CaMItY, CH-
.IJ.R1I1eM:y Ba rnes e, M BCTaBB a BIIJIOTHyIO R HeM:y, saTeM caMe:Q
IIO,Il,HHMa CR Ha RpunO, a caMRa IIpMcTyna a R HaCEJltRBaHHID RM:q EJIB
ROp eHMBJ . nTea:qOB. MHor.n.a nTH:QbI M€H.fIJIHCL O,Il,HOBpeMeHHO (o6UTf-
HO noc e Te bHoro HaCEJltHBaHH.fI). HeKoTop e TfaalW (Tfallie caM-
l\H), IIpE.JleTeB R rHes , IIpM.CTynaJIH R Sa1'OTOBKe CTpOMTe H01'O
MaTepMaJIa, IIDc e Tfe1'O OT eTaJJJd HJIH OT.Il,HXaJIH, saTeM BOs06HOB-
JIHJIH Ha.n.CTpoifRY rHes.u.. MH01'.n.a qaitlW, no eTeB R CBO€MY rnes,Il,y,
He M€HHJIH HalIapHHKOB, a ca.IJ,JdJIMCI> P.fI.n.OM, 11 Kor a HaCWIUlBaIDlI!aR
nTH:qB IIO,Il,B1lMa aCL B BOS X, SaHHMaJIH 1'Hes o. CaMKa Jlte BCRope
BOSBpalI!a aCL, Ho,y6e.Il.RBUlMCL, taTO HalIapHMR HaCIDKHBBeT RJIa ,
y eTa a BROBL.
llpH IIOHMeHHM nTeH:qOB MeH.flDWHeCR napTHepu CHaTfa a ROP -
JIM HX H TO LRO noc e ST01'O ca CL HaC1l1KHBaTL OCTaBUlMeCR RH-
:qB, IIpe pHT6RDHO BopOllla Ma . Mspe a qaitiKM Ca JIHCL He R
CBOl1M rnes aM, H B aTOM cJIytaae 8Hep1'HTfHO MsrOH Ch XOS.f.l6BaMM.
103
CMeHMB HaIIapHMRa, Tfa:t!Ra IIOpO:t! TO :bKO qepes 4-5 MHH npHcTYIIa-
a K HaCEJIt1lBaHMIO, MCIIO LSYR aTO BpeMR Ha ROpMJIeIDle BW1YID!B-
!U.HXCR IITeHIJ;OB 11 IIepeBOpaTfMBaHHe .IlR:q. Bo BpeMR HaCIDKRLBaHM.fl ca-
MeIJ; IIOCTO.fIHHO ORaSI:iBa "BHMMaHMe" cBoe:t! caMEe, npMeTa.fl. R
rnes C nyTfROM TpaBht JdJllJ (l1spe ) C ROpMOM. ITo CBe,IJ;eHH.flM
KJ.A.McaRoBa M . [12 J , caMIJ;ht BO BpeWJ 1'HeS OB01'O neplio a
nOCTO.fI.HHO ROpM.fl.T caMOR M mb l1spe a Ii Ha KopOTKoe BpeMa
SaMeHR T HX Ha I'Hes e.
OTHOCTL paSMemeH1lR I'Hes B RO OH1l.fIX osepHo:t! Tfa KM exe-
1'O.IJ;HO MSMeRlleTC.fl. B 1967 1'. Ha os JKaPRORD 1'Hes.n;a B RO OIDl.fl.X
paclIo 1'a c:b Ha paCCTORHMM 80-150 Ii 60 ee CM Y1' OT Y1'a.
MaRC1lMaRDHaR MOTHOCTL Ha np06Ho:t! MOl1.!a e 5 RB.M - 16 I'Hes
(I 1'Hes.n;o Ha 0,3 RB.M). B 1969 1'. Ha os.Ea:t!Has3p-KolIa I'Hes.n;a
pacnMa1'a CL Ha paCCTO.fl.HMIi 50-150 Ii 60 ee CM O.IJ;HO OT .zwyro-
1'0. Ha MOIlja.zu;i 100 KB.M OTMeTfeHO 32 I'Hes.n;a, B Cpe.IJ;HeM O.IJ;HO
1'HeS O Ha 3,1 KB.M.
TpY.IJ;HO He C01' aCl1T:OCR C MHeHMeM I.J . Patterson [35] , qTO
paCCTO.fl.Hlie Me rHeS,IJ;aMH Onpe,IJ;e eTC.fI. CTeIIeHLD a1'peCCliBHOC-
TM COce.n;HMx nap.
Ko omU1 TfaeR 06htTfHO COCTO.fl.T liS MHo1'OTfMC eHHhtX MHRpORO O-
HRiJ, paSMepht ROTOphtX SaBEO.fl.T OT eCTeCTBeHHhtX YCROB OOMTaHHR.
Hanp1lMep, Ha 03.Ea Hasap-ROlIa B 1970 r. MOTHOCT:b paSM€l1.!eHM.fI
1'HeS 6 a c € IOl1.!e : Ha 16 KB.M - 13 rHeS,IJ; (I I'H. - Ha 1,2
RB.M); Ha 16 RB.M. - 10 (I rHo - Ha 1,6 KB.M.), Ha 100 KB.M.-
21 (I rH. - Ha 4,8 RB.M), Ha 25 RB.M - 13 (r rHo - 1,9 RB.M),
Ha 200 KB.M - 48 (I rH. - Ha 4,2 RB.M), Ha 125 KB.M - 17
(I 1'H. - Ha 1,9 RB.M). TaKMM 06pasoM, rr OlIi8M, IIpMXOMl1.!a.fl.c.fI.
Ha O,IJ;HO rHes.n;o, Ko e6 eTcR OT 1,2 .n;o 7,3 KB.M.
Cpe.IJ;H IIOCe eHM:t! osepHhtx qaeK B He6o moM c e 1'HeSMT-
C.fI cepe6pMCThte M Ma e Tfa KM, 06URHOB€HHht€ RpaTfRM, Macca IIO-
1'aHOR - 60 :bmHx, cepolIieRMx 11 qepHOrn€ HhtX, XO aThte Ii RpacHo-
1'O OBbI€ qepHeTM, cepht€ YTKM H mHpOKOHOCKM.
The3MC:b "OTHooHTe bHo" MOTHO, ':iaHRIi aRTMBHO oxpaHR
CBOM 1'Hes.n;oBot1 yqaCTOR OT DTH:q Y1'HX MHKpOI{Q OHID1 Oc0611 xe,
rH€S.II..RJJ.QaecR B O,IJ;Ho MJ'JKPOKO OHEH, MHpO I06HBht. ITPE 6 a1'OIIp1lRT-
Hot1 06cTaHoDKe rHeS,IJ;oBoH YTfaCTOR 06htTfHO oXpaRll c.fI. o IIO TM.fI
nTeHIJ;OB Ha RpunO.
Pa3Mepu rHeS,IJ; 11 MX wopMa pa3 qalOTC.fI. DO 1'o.n;aM HeSHa':iH-
I04
TeRDHO,H Ha os.EaHHa3ap-KOlIa B 1970 r. 061 t1 ,IJ;I18MeTp liX M3Me-
H.fI. C.fI. OT 17 .n;O 47 CM, cpe.n;aee - 26,3 CM; .IJ;HaMeTp OTRa OT 13
.n;o 28,5 CM, cpe.IJ;Hee - 15,6 CM; 1' 6MHa OTKa OT 2 .n;O 5 CM;
cpe.n;aee - 3,8 CM; BhtCOTa 1'HeS a OT BO.D;ht OT 6,8 o 40 CM, cpe -
Hee - 12 CM (30 I'H.). B 1973 r. RSMepeHHbIe 5 rHeS,IJ; B cpe.n;aeM
1lMeJUl 06 .IJ;HaMeTp - 15,0 OM, rJIy6liHY OTRa - 3,6 CM. ITo CBe-
.n;eHMM II IT.CYlIlKHHa [25] , rHe3.n;a Ha RaMbImOBhtX MOTa X 14MeJUl
.Il.HaM€Tp ORO O 35 CM rrpl1 BUCOTe 12-13 CM, a I1.A..n:O r,yWHH [8]
OTMe':ia MaBYTfMe rne3.n;a ,IJ;I1aM€TpOM 25-30 CM, .IJ;HaMeTp OTRa 10-
12 CM npM 1' 6MHe ero 3-5 CM M DhtCOTe Ha BO.n;OH 7-15 CM.
Eo :blIlliHCTBO TfaeR CTpOliJUl rHes.n;a He60RDmOH BhtCOTht, HeRO-
TOpa€ .n;o 12-14 CM M, RaK MCMIO':ieHMe, .n;o 40 CM, Hcno :&sy.fI. IIpJil
aTOM RyTfRM TpOCTHMKa
B IIoce eHH.flX TfaeK, RaR Ii Y 1'Hes,IJ;, o6htTfHO O l1.!aeTCR salIax
1'HMIOl1.!JilX OCTaTROB 1IHl1.!H, OTphtEeK H licnpaxaeHH:t! nTl1IJ;.
ITpM IIo xo e R os.EaHHasap-Rona aHRlJ. (.n;o 28 oc06ei)
BCTpeTfaJUl Hac Ha paCCTO.fl.HHR O 0,5 o 1,5 RM OT CBoero IIoce e-
HM.fI.. ITT}tl\H, COlIpOBO.1!t,IJ;a.fl. Hac TMJrnM MOKOTaHLeM, BOSBpal1.!a CL
Ha RO OHMIO H OIIOB€lliaJUl ee 0 IIpMOJIIDEalOllie:AcR OlIaOHOCTH. B pe-
sYRDTaTe 06MeHa JilH<;JopMaIJ;HeH K "paSBe TfMRaM" IIpHCoe.IJ;HHRJmCL
.D:PY1'lie ':iaHRlJ. ( O 85 oc06eH) 11 BH:JIeTaJUl HaBCTpe'qJ HaM. ITPH y a-
eIDlM OT RO OHMH TfaHKM D TOH xe IIOMe.u.OBaTeRDHOCTl1 IIpOBOIta
Hac 15-20 MJ:lH. (1,5 RM), IIOCTelIeHHO YMeHLID8RCL B TfMc e. tJepes
10-15 MHH IIoc e Hame1'O nOCel1.!eIDl.fl. TfaCTL IIOC€ReHRa YCIIORaHBa-
ac:r:., IITeHIJ;ht xe-Ha 5-10 MHH n03Jlte' B7Ia1'o aPR. OORDmoii MOII!8-'
.IJ;H rHeS OBL.fI. TfaCTO MeCT8MH BOSHMKa ROH Tht Hs-sa IIpHSeM-
eHM.fl IITHIJ; Ha "TfYJKyIO" TeppRTopMlO. Mspe a (.n;aeM wm HOTfDD) IIO
TpeBOEHoMY Rpl1RY RaRoa 60 oc0611 BCR RO OHHR no a aCL Ha
RpH:JIO, HO Tfepes 2-3 MHH3Tht IIT}lIJ;ht ycnORal1Ba CL H ca cL Ha
CBOH rHeS,Il.a.
OsepHhte TfaiiRH .BO BpeMR rHeS OBaHRa o eHL oecnoRoiHH 11
Rpl1 Bht. CTO HOBeIil!lR MeW HBMH 06htTfaoe eHMe ItaR Y
1'HeS , TaR M HS eTY. IIPOHCXO OHM, B OCHOBHOM IIpJil Hapyme-
HME 1'paHH:q rHeS OB01'O YTfaCTRa, lis-sa HeBepH01'O IIpHSeMeHHR R
1'He3 , IIOXHl1.!eHM.fl RopMa 11 CTpOl1Te H01'O MaTepJila a.
IIpl1 IIORMeHID! Ha nOCe eHME OOJIOTHhtX JIyHe:A, cepe6pJilCTHX
TfaeR Ii cephtX BOpOH TfaiRH C RpOCTLD salllHl1.!a rHeS OB:&e, IIO.IUlH-
MaR HeB006paS1lMHB myM. tJa:t!RM, rneSMll1HeCR 060coo eHHO OT CBO-
105
ero nOCeReH1l.fl, BeRH ce6R HaMHoro CIIORoIHee. lIPH TaRHX YC OBH-
RX nepHaTHM XHlI!H1lRaM He Bcer a Y;ItaBa OCL TfeM-JIJd60 IIOJItHBKTIICR,
T R: qalRH COBMeCTHI:lMH,YClitJI1lRMM l1S1'ORaJn1 HX sa IIpe eJnl ROJIC-
HHH, a caMH Hepe o TaCRaJJ.il l1S onycTeBID.HX 1'HeS;It sUlQa II nTeH-
:qaBi;
OT RM Ha osepax HaYPSYMcRorO salIOBe a HaTfHHa-
MCL B 1967. r. Ha OS.JKaPKORD 8 MaR, 13 19'70 r; Ha os.EaIHasap-
KOlIa - 24 alIpeAA, B 1971 1'. - 20 anpeJIR.'. .lt1Isi IIOJlHol I£7I8,IUtH
RHrt Tpe60Ba OCII IlJ3.T:b-WeCTL ,wIel, l1spe 60 me.
ITo ;ItaHIWM A.M Bo OTH1lROBa, C'; C KaJ.IHH.IDIa [3], HHTepBaJnl
MeJK.ItY OTRJI ROa IIepB01'O 11 BTOp01'O J'lMua B RypraHcRoI 06JIaCTl1
COCTa 25-2'7 q ,TpeTLero H qeTBepToro 29-35 Tfac., T e.
Ha WOPMHpoBaHMe IIoc e;nyBJllje1'o sUlI{a SaTpaTfBBa6Tc.a 60JInme BpeMe-
HM, TfeM Ha paHee OTROJIteHHJ,[e miua OTRJIa.IUiBa CL RaR B CBeT-
Roe, TaR 11 B TeMHoe BpeMR CYTOR.
lIPO O HTe HOCTL OTRJIa;ItRH RH:q pa TfHa B paSHHe ro ,
TfTO SaBHCl1T OT a SROJIOrnTfeCRHX IIpl1TfBa: OT Bli60pa MeCTa
I'HeS OBaHHfI, ROPMHOCTl1, Ha qm,s waRTopa 6ecnORoicTBa, 1lH.IUlBH-
;nya LHoI OIIl:lTHOCTl1 IITl1rt, HX BospaCTa 11 MOTHOCTl1 nOceJIelw.si".
06HTfHO Ha OS JB:apRO , EaaHasap-ROlIa, E' ARcyaT II Kapaxap
qalRH OTRJIa.IUiBaJIH 1-3, pe o 4 Harta. 13 1970 H I97I IT. Ha os.
EaIHasap-RolIa HaXO OCL IIO Ha6JI1O;IteHMeM 40 raes;It, B ROTOpmc
C TfeTHpLMR J'lM aMl1 6wro 3 (7,5%), C TpeMR - 17 (42,5%), C y_
MR - 10 (25%) 11 C O,IUWM - IO (25%) Ha 0,wI0 1'HeS;ItO IIpHXO,I1,H-
OCL B cpe eM 2,2 R Qa B 19'71 1' B CTa ax 31'01'0 xe no-
ce eHW:I 06HaPYJKeHO C 'iieT.h\pLMJi J'lMrtaMH 2 raes;Ita (3%), C TpeMR _
68 (76:4%), C YMJ'! - 25 (18, 'i%) 11 C O,IUWM .aartOM _ 5 (I, 9%)..
Ha o o rHes o IIpl1XO OCL B cpe;naeM 2,7 RaQa B IIOce eHMM l1S
800 I'Hes;It BCTpet1.eHo C TfeTbIpLMR S'l0rtaMM 4 rHeS;Ita (0,5%), C Tpe-
Mf.I - 564 (70,5%), C YMR - 200 (25%) II C 0.ItHMM J'lM:qOM _ 32
(4%). Bce1'O 6wro 2140 aH:q, a ;ItRa B Cpe,wIeM COCTo&na l1S
2, 7 SJI1 a. OTRJIa.ltbIBaHMe RH:q aJKe B O,wIOa ROROH1lH npORCXO,I1,HT He-
oMoBpeMeHHo, B CMSH C TfeM BCTpeTfaBJTCR RJIa.II,RH Ha pasHOa CTa-
MH HaCIDKMBaIDlR. Bec caMOR no M€pe OTRJIa;ItKH RMrt y6HBaeT.
lHes a, IIepe.IU3MHYTHe B Pyrne MeCTa ( O IO M), TfaaRaMH He Ha-
Cl1i1lliBaJillCL
HalD.H 11 m elOm1lecSJ TepaTYPHHe aHHJ,[e CB eTe LCTBYIOT 0
TOM, qTO B paSJillTfHHX IIonyAA X qaeR BeJIHTfMHa RJIa OR HeO.ItIDIa-
ROBa, TfTO S8BMCl1T 01' aRO OI'MTfeCRMX yc oBd .It8HHOa reorpaWH-
qeCROa 06JIaCTH. 061l\E.M ,II.Jlfl qaf3R ,lJ,aHH01'O BMa flBJIJ=1BJTCR ,
COCTORmRe HS Tpex; pexe yx H oAHoro, KaR MC TfeHMe, HS qe-
THpex RHrt. . II
PaSMepN RH:q Heo aROBH aJle B OMOt,! .1!.Ke. epBlie OT-
ROEeHHHe miua ee IIOCJIe;nyI)U\HX, ,lJ,JIHHa 11 ID.HpMHa napLMpYBJT
HeS8BHCHMO Pyr OT .npyra ITo BCCJle,lJ,OBaHlUlM 1970 1'. .IJ.1lHHa 113-
MeRflJIaCL OT 47,1 ;It0 56,0 MM, ID.HpHHa 01' 34,5 o 38,8 MM, cpe.n-
Hee (II=50) - 51,6 x 36,6 MM;. lIo ,lJ,aHHNM 197I 1' .n.mma BapLHpo-
BaRa OT 49,8 o 5'7,0 MM, II!J11pHHa OT 34.6 o 38,0 MM, cpe,wIee
(n=10) - 52,6 x 36,5 MM. Cpe e BeJIH (n=60) - 51,8 x
36,6 MM 1'OBOPRT 0 HeSnaqaTeRDHNX RSMeHeHlRX pasMepoB flRQ no
ro aM; .
CpaBHeHRe pasMepoB aa:q 6aaHasBpcKOa IIony C IIOnyJIR.-
QMMH .npYI'HX MeCT CCCP nOSBOJIR.eT IIpe O OuTb, qTO cpe e
pasMepN RHrt mtHHX 11 ceBepHHX nonyJlR. IIp8RTMqeCRM o aROBii.
Bec RM:q B p8SJIH1Ullie rrepJ1to,Wi HaCmtHBBHRR. y6HBaeT OT MOM€H-
1'8 CHeCeHMfl O B MeHM HS HHX IITea:qOB; Bec J31'IJ HB os.Eaa-
Hasap-Rona B ROHrte HaCHEHBaHHa HSMeH&HCR OT 29,8 .n;o 37,2 1',
cpe,wIee (II=I9) - 33.5 1'. MSMeHeHMe Beca R1lQ HSY OCL BSBemH-
BaHReM. HaMH IIpoBe eHo 47 B3BelJ1H13aR J;, JtOTOpNe IIORasaJI1l, qTO
YMem.meHMe Beca IIpOHCXO,lJ,WIO OT 0,1 )10 1,3 l' B CYTRH, B 60RD-
WMHCT13e C qaeB Bec na a Ha 0,4 1.'. Bec R1l npH 0611jeM IIoc e-
,lJ,OBaTe bHOM CIDUlteHIDi IDW1'.na pesRo IIa a , Hspe COXpaRflJICR
Ha O,wIOM ypoBHe IIOBHmaJICfl. HalIpHM€P, ycmsHHe sa 8 CYTOR
npOXO,1J,HJIO Ha IO,4 11 17,8%, sa lO CYTOR - H8 13,1%. ITepe BH-
eHHeM IITeHQOB Bec pasKo na ;ItO 3,8 l' 13 CYTKH.
ORpaCRa CROp.1lYIIH RHQ 113MeH"UdBa. BcTpe1ffiJI1lCI. RAua oxp c-
Tol, ROpMqaeBaTOa H seJIeSOBaTOa ORpaCR1l C TeM MaSK8MH.
no l1 A..ItoMYWMHY [8], OCHOMO/,! !}JOR DRpaCKB Jml\ 1'pflsHcrse e-
HOBaTmt, BH01' a ROpHTfHeBHi! .wm OXpRICTIDi. EypoBsTo-cepHe 1' -
60RMe IlflTHB oqem. 6JIe,ltHH, MaJIO S8M€THht. IIo:eepXHocTwe IlflTsa
TeMHo-6YPble, TfaCTO c:rpynJlJ1!poBaIW Y T:yn01'O T{OHItS 11 l1H01',lJ,a 06-
paSYIOT s.n;eCL BeHTfMJt. Hepe,lJ,Ko BCTpeqalOTCR rOJIy6Ne flA:Qa (6es
IIeCTp1lH).
HaC1l!tHBaHHe B IIpOrtecce l1X OTF JJ.KM oCYlljeCTBnaROCI.
TOJIDRO caMRSMIl, a C nORBJIeHReM IIOMOa RJIa,IUW - 06o.m.m pO,I1,HTe-
JlRMH. CaM SaTpSTf1lB8IOT Ha Rac nR R e SHB MTe DHO MeHbme
lO6
107
BpeMeHl1, qeM CaMKH. 06a pO TeJlJi MeHRIJTCR Ha rHeS aX HeCKO -
KO pas B CYTKH. Ha, IIPJlMep pO TeJlH meCTM I'HeS CMeHSIJm. .IU>Y1'
.IU>yra sa CYTKH OT 3 o II pas (c 25 Ha 26;05 I970 r.), sa
12 Ti B TieTHpex 1'aeSMX OT 2 o 8 pa'3, sa 2,5 q; B IIRTl1
I'Hes ax OT I o 5 pas. CaMRM 06HTfHO c eJlH 6es CMeHhl OT I o
9 M 6 ee (17 IIO CqeToB), ca OT 15 MRH o 2 q
(II=IO). CaMRR HaCmtHBBJIH 0'1' I o 2 Ti - 4 pasa, OT 2 o 6-
ID pas, OT 5 o 9 q - 3 pasa; caM:QJ:i OT 15 o 35 MHH _ 5
pas, QT I o 2 11 60 ee - 5 pas. 06HTfHO caMRH C T Ha
rnes ax 60 ee cIIOROaHO, TfeM ca . SaMeHa B OCHOBHOM rrpOl1CXO-
T 6es IIpIUfYJIOteHHR, HO 6wm. C.nyTfal1 H HaCJ!JJI:r,CTBeHHoI CMeHhl.
ITPB O.1II'OM OTCYTCTBMH IIapTHepa TfaaRH, BCTaB B rHeS.l{e, pasMH-
HaJIHCL 11 IIpMBO olIepeaeHae B nOPR.n;OR, TfaCTO IIpB STOM OCTa-
BaJlH 6.1mMeJltaw poros 11 YRJIa.IUlBa.1IH ero Ha !<pal OTRa HJIH
BHYTPL e1'O ITO 06HO cHsol M cepe6pMCTOI TiaIRaM, IIpH eTeB R
rHes,Ity, HeROTopHe CaM:QJ:i osepHHX TfaeR He 06paI!la.1IH BHMMaHHR Ha
IIpMSHB caMRH R SaM€He E y a cL Ha CBOa Hadn aTeRDHHM
nyHRT npHBO TL ce6R B nO OR. ITPM O.1II'OM OTCYTCTBHB napTHe-
pa TfaaRM qaI!le BCTaBaJIM 11 BeHTI!lJIMpOBaJJE. Ma RM, a B JltaPY c e-
.1m IiJ.I11 CTORJIM C paCRpHTHMH MIOBaMH o 7 pas B TfaC (OT 45 ceR
o 3 MT4H >';'
ITo aHH.brM lO AiMcaRoBa 11 .IU>. [12] , .IUieM Ha 1'HeS ax C T
TORDRO CaMRH, a caM:QJ:i np eTalJT R HHM 11 OTPHrHBaroT IIepe H1lMH
IIMI!IY. CaMEa COCRaRMBaeT C rHesM 11 6HCTPO no 6l!lpaeT IIpMHeCeH-
Hoe, IIOTOM Tepe61!lT caMQa, np06YR sa esTL R HeMY RRroBOM B pac-
RpHTHa RJIICB. ITpoMeJltYTRM MeJlOtY IIpJ!JJIeTaMI!l caMQa 40-50 M1lH. l1H0:r-
a caM:QJ:i CM€H.aIOT caMOR, ROTOPH€ OT eTaICT IGlIaTLCR. k1CRynaBurn.CL,
OHa BOSBpaI!laroTcR Ha rHes o, a caM:QJ:i y eTaroT Ha nOl1CRM RopMa.
ITPl1 HaCIDItI!lBaw (IIpepHBHCTOM npl1 oT1i:JIa.l{Re IIepBl:lX RH:q 11
OTHHM npl!l IIO Hoa RJIa e) qalRH Tl8CTO BOpylOT Y .IU>yrMx oc06ea
ROpM, CTpOl1Te :r,HWj MaTepl1a (y rHeS.l{ I!l Ha eTY), .fIatla 11 IITeH-
:qQB. ITPI!l STOM BOSHilRaIlT TfaCTHe ROH!fJJmRTH, conpOBOJl\',Il,aeMHe m.y_
MOM. B pesYJIDTaTe I'M6ayT d:Qa M nTeH:QJ:i. B paSJIMTiHHX IIonymu-w.8.X
!'H6eRD RRQ 11 nTeH OB Heo aKOBa, TiTO IIO TBe aeTCR l1Cc e o-
BaHllRMH MHOI'l!lX aBTopOB [12, 14, 29] 11 SaBBCl1T OT PR.n;a SK 01'l1-
TfeCRMX IIPl1TfMH, WaRTopa 6ecIIoRolcTBa-XIDl.!HHTf6CTBa (IIepHaTHe 11
CYXonyTHHe BpaI'M).
AHa.1IHs 11MeIJIIjHXCR aHHHX nOSBOJlReT BHCRaSaTL MH€HHe, TiTO
roo
B SJIHTfHIiX TfaCTRX apea osep-
IIpo.no TeRDHOCTL HaCREHBaHHa pa B IIOCe weHHH CTOI!lT IIOCTORHHNi
TfecRlJ. o aROBa.
HO: ::e: R:OMRd, Ror.na npEJIeTalJT qai1RM. 06 a aR XOPO
my , aRlJ. Be,nyT RPyr ocYTo 06pas JltRSHH, Y
speHHeM, osepHhle Tfa TAHe M TeMHHe TfaCH CYTOR, HOTfDIl "OT-
IIeDIHO 06HBaR ROpM B CBe aRlJ. saCWIa-
CMTeRDao" 6UCTpO HaxoMT CBOM 1'Hes a. l1spe,Il,Ka Tfa
HO ( 5 MMH RaR .IJ'.HeM, TaR H Ho-
IJT Ha HelIpO O Te Hoe Bpe B.n:S PIGIJ II01'O,Ity oc06eHHO IIoc e
TfDIl), CIIp.a.TaB MIlB IIO.n RP ;TCR Ha OTRpHTbIX :mecax osepa.
CMeHhl Ha rHes.nax, n'i'ID.V¥ Ry ( RH ) osepHoI Tfaj!RlJ. HSYTfa CJl
TeMrrepaTypHHi! peJItHM rne3,n; 11
BaIHasap-ROIIa B 197011 1973 1'1' ITORasaHRJl npn60poB OT
aa os. J'JJ ) TepMHCTpOB CHHMaJlHCL
BBe eHHhIX B 1'HeS O (IIo.n I!l ItS e
Tiepes TfaC B TeTfelme CYTOR TeMIIepaTyplU:le .naHHhIe, IIo.nyTfeHHhI 6a-
C Y TOR B 1970 1'., BHJlB R e
B HaTfa e Hac:wmBaHH.fl sa IIRTL I 21 I
20 2- 38 SoC. B rnes.ne a OT ,
HHa 'i' MIIepaTypH B IIpe e ax , , .
nO ( 25) 25 S o. B rHes.ne I 6 - OT 20,2 o
o 29 4(;- Cpe.IJ'.HAA II= -." 4 0
.n nO" ( 25) 26 2 0. B 1'HeS e 2 a - OT 22 o 31, . '
31 4(;- cpe,UWl.a II= - , , 0 e
' , ( 25) 28 30. B I'Hes e 2 6 - OT 20,2 .no 31,9 , cp -
C pe)J.HJlJi II= - , , 0 C e.11liAA
( _ 25) 26 4 0. B 1'HeS e 3 - OT 28,5 .no 38,8, p
HAA II- - , , ) 28 00C1
(II=25) - 33,OoC Cpe,IUi.R.Jl TeMnepaTYpa (II=125 - ,. .
TewepaTYpa B paMMqffiie rrepMo.1Ui CYTOR TaIate HeO)J.I!HaR Ba.
HalIpMMep, .B nYTfaeMHX 1'HeS ax=- e nO SaTeJIH B YTP ;a o
6wm. 25-32 3 0 , cpe,UWl.a (II=30) - 26,9 ; .ItHeBHhle - , "
( ' 30 ' ) 27 I . B eqe p Hl!le - 26,7 32,9, Cpe,IUi.R.R (II=33) -
Cpe,lUiSiR II= - " 0 T 6-
25 2-35 0 0 C p e,'l1.HAA (II=32) - 28,4 C. aRHM 0
29 5. HOqaae - , "
pa;o , MaRCl1MaRDHaR T€MII6paTYpa OTMeqeHa B Beq pHMe TfaCH CY-
...nnn. a ......-..fI IIORaSaTeRD Ha6Jm.na cR YTPOMi
TOR, a I1IJIU>.Jf.UYI UJlUUI I I
MSMe eHRR. TeMIIepaTypH naTHa TM 1'HeS M I R1l:q Tfa RH,
rrpOBe e e BB TOM Jlte osepe B 1973 r , IIORaSaJlH cym6cTBeHHHe
" u np ."'''e p TeMne pa Typa B IIRTH ItSTR rHes ax MSMeBJi.-
paMH1lHR..w:I ..... , 1 0. a 6a-
13 6 " 0 32 oOe Cp6)J.HJlJi (II=287) - 22, , TeMOBO
J1aCIs OT '''''' , -, 0 (n-
JIaHC BHYTPR II R1lIt BBpLRpOBaJI OT 15,4 o 32,6 ,cpe.I1R8.Jl -
2(5) - 24,2DC. ( _
Cpe,lJ,HJlJi TeMlIepaTYpa B rHes ax TfaeR B YTpemme 1iBCH n- .
53) - 21,6 0 ; ,1tHeBHhle (II=72) - 23.2D; BeTfepHHe (II=87) - 2I, ,
Ho'tJHI:le (II=75) - 21,8 0 C. Cpe,lJ,HJlJi TeMnepBTypa SiilIt B y pemme Tfa-
cs coo'raBJI.lL1Ia (II=36) - 23,60; .ItHeBHHe (II=50) - 26,9 ; Beqep-
109
HMe (n=65) - 22,8 0 ; Hoqase (n 54) - 24,OoC.
CpaBHeHHe cpe,II,ImX IIOI{c3sa:r6JIeB TeMnepaTYP B I'He3.ItaX Tfa:O-
RH nORasaJIo, TfTO B 1973 r. OH1l 6 HREe, TfeM B 1970 r , a
TeMDepaTypa RH:q Bblwe, TfeM B I'Hes ax MSMeHeHJ1!e TeMrrepaTy.pHo-
1'0 peEHMa saBHCMT OT Tex Ee npB , TfTO M Y Cl1soJ, cepe6pHc-
TOa TfaeR 11 TfepHOrO o oro Xoxo YHa. B IIacMYPaym M XO O IO IIO-
I'011JJ Tfafhm MOTHee CM.ItJlT Ha I'Hes ax, TfeM B 1KapRHe TfaCH ;nHR,
Ror a OHM Tfallie IIpOBeTpMBamT RJIa.zum H Hepe o IIorou:tamT rHeS.Ita
OT 1 .Ito 27 MMH
ITo Ha eHMHM A.M.BOHoTH1lROBa, C.C.Ra HHa [3], osepHaR
TfaaRa nepeBOpaTfHBaeT 11 nepeMeWMBaeT Hi1na OT 93 o 144 pas B
CYTRH, SaTpaTfHBaR Ha Ra oe IIepeBOpaTfHBaHMe 1-15 ceRd, IIpl1
aTOM TeMlIepaTYpa OCHOBHOa SOHli npM nepeBopaTfHBaHME c eTCH
Ha I-1'C, TfTO nO,ll;TBep1B:.Il,alOi' HalUB Ha6JJ: eHHR. .D;JmTe LHocTL 060-
1'peBa YBeJLHTfRBaeTCH IIO Mepe OTRHa.zum RH 11 06YCJIa BaeT pas-
HOBpeMeHHocTL IIOHBneHMR nTeH:qOB. nepelIa TeMnepaTYP B 1'HeS-
.nax 11 :Qax TfaeR CYlIieCTB€HHO He O'l'paJKaIlTCR Ha paSBJi1T1lM aM6pH-
OHa.
Cpe.II,HAA TeMuepaTYpa BOS11JJX8 B YTpeHHMe TfaCH 6Wla BbIwe B
19'70 1'. no cpa:aHeH1lm C 1973 1'. aa 5,3 0 , B ,IJ;HeBHHe Ha 3,9 0 , B
BeTfepHl1e Ha 7,8 0 H HOTfHH€ Ha 6.60C TaRMM 06pa30M, YRaSaHHHe
l1SMeHeHMH B oKp.yEaUlIie:O cpe e Bne sa c060a Ro e6aHRH TeMne-
paTYP B I'Hes ax M Ri1 ax IITHQ. Ha aTE J!£e IIORaaaTeJW SiJW pac-
IIO OJKeHMe rHes.It, l1X CTpOl1Te LHIDt MaTepMa , fiJIOTHOCTL, IIOJIOJKe-
HMe HRn M IIOBe eHHe HaCREMBam oco6eE e TeMnepaTypa B HaTfa-
JIe H ROH:qe aaC BaHHR O aROBa. MaRCHMa HaSi TeMnepaTYpa
OTMeTfeHa Ha BepxaeM ypOBHe lUIa.Il,IW.
no HCc -e OBaHHSiM A'eM.EoJIOTH1lROBa, C C.RaJil1HHHa [31 B
Ryp1'aHcRoi1 06 aCTH TeMnepaTYpa B 1'Hes.n;ax osepHbIX aeR Ro e6a-
JIaCL 0'1' 20 o 39,5 0 M He CHMXa CI. o TeMnepaTypbl ORpYJKalllliei'l
cpe . PasJW1iHSi cpe x TeMIIepaTYP B rHes ax CRaSbiBaIlTCSi Ha
TeMne aM6pM01'eHeSa, Te bHOCTH MIUty6a 11 HaCHEHBaHHR. 3M-
6pH01'eHeS B Ri'I:QaX, OTJIOJKeHHHX noc e M, npOTeRaeT 6HCTpee
TfTO, BepORTHO, CBRSaHO C 60JIee BHCOROi'l M cTa6HJIbHOA TeMlIepa:
:; t! [ 2 ]HeS.ItaX IIoc e saBepweHM OTRJIaMM sm:q. C e11JJeT OTMe-
, ':iTO BnaJ!£H1OiI CTpOMTeRDHbI MaTepMa , Ha1'peBaRCL Ha
COJIH €, npeeT 11 cnoc06cTByeT no.n:.n:epIKaHHIJ "nOCTOJiHH01'O" TeMlIe-
paTYPH01'O peEHMa B rHes e (napHMROBOe COCTORHHe).
no
nOJi eHHe IITeHQOB B paSHbiX IIOrryASi X IIpOHCXO.:r.tJi1 T B pas-
JWTfHoe BpeMR. Ha os.Eai'lHasap-ROIIa B 19'70 r. BbIJIyfiJIeHMe Ha'W-
JIOCL 16 MaJi, B 19?I 1'. - 17-18 MaSi 0'1' IIpORJIeBa no BWIYIIJIeHMSi
06HTfHO npOXO,IJ,R.T 1-2 ;D.HSi. ART BWIYfiJIeHM Ha6JITD.n;aeTCR B JITD6He
TfaCH CYTOR. noc e IIOSi eHHR IITeH HaTfMHallT aRTMBHO aAanTMpo-
BaTLCR R ORPY1KallllieE cpene. HeocnopHMHM WSRTOM RBJISieTCSi HaM60-
JIee YCII6UlHoe BWIYfiJIeHMe B I'HeSnax, conepJlta1IiM x 2 11 3 Rana, TfTO
saBHCHT OT OIliiTHOCTM pO.:r.tJi1Te eE [3J. BwIyfiJIeHMe IITeH:qOB npoMc-
XO T 06 0 B TOa IIoC enOBaTeRDHOCTM, B .RaROi'l 6 CHeceHbl
RDna, a laX nOSi eHH6 conpoBOJ[,II,a OCL myMOM B ROJIOH1lH M arpec-
CMBHOCTLII BSPOCJIHX oc06eJ. O,IJ;HaRO A-.JI.I'MJIeBHTf [6 J CTfHTaeT,
TfTO no oK BWIYIIJIeHHR IITeHQOB He Bcer.n;a COOTBeTcTByeT rropSi.n;KY
OTMa;D.IG1 RMU; H onpeneAAeTCSi BpeMeHeM, R01' a Tfai'lRH npHCTYlIalDT
R HaCIDmBaHMII.
TO KO TO 06COXWRe IITe cnoc06Hb1 npM onaCHOCTM OTXO-
.n.HTL J4Jlil OTIIJIHBaTb OT 1'HeSna Ha He60RDwoe paCCTORHHe, 'WlIie
SaTaMBallTCSi B rHes;o.e; IO;A McaROB M .1ij). [12] rmcaJW, TfTO nTeH-
IUi 06CHX8IOT B Te elUle ABYX 'WCOB. a Tfepes 12-16 rryXOBH
RH CTOSiT HB H01'aX M HaTfHHallT TpeC50BaTL ROpM, XOTSi caMOCT08-
TeJIDHO MeBaTL e1'O Ellie He YMeIOT
TIo HaWBM Ha6 lO,D.eID/JR.M, RDu;eBoi1 sy6 Aep.'ltJdTcSi Y IITeH:qOB no
HeneRDHOrO BospacTa, no CBe eHMM IO.A.McaRoBa H .1ij). [12],
IIRTL-Cew. ,IJ;Hei'l M, RaR MCKJIIO eHJile, BoceM},.
llyXOBMqRH HMellT rycTo M nJIOTHbii nyx rpasHo-£eJIT01'O e-
TS C TfepHHMH IIeCTpMHRaMH. OKpaCR8 MSMeHaeTCR OT cepoBBTo- e -
T01'O no TeMHO-ROpMTfHeBOrO IrBeTa IIMs CBeT ee, Ha 1'pY.D:M JII 6plO-
xe C CepOBBTHM OTTeHROM ORpaCRa rO OBbl C HO BapLRPyeT, e-
pes JI06 R 1'JIasy npoxo.:r.tJi1T TfepHaR nO OCRa. KHDB M uorM POSOBB-
To-JKeJITH€'e TITe O,IJ;H01'O BhIBO;nKa CXO,I(.Hbl no paC[tBeTRe. no o6-
Hble OnHcaHHa BCTpe1iaIJTCR JII Y JJ.PY1'MX aBTopoB [12, 8J noc e
fiJIeHRS. nTeH:Qa pO.n.HTe 60 BbI6pacHB811T CROp.nyrry Ha
He60JIDwoe pacCTORH1le (1-2 M), oo noe 8mT OCTSBJISimT ee
Ha .IJ,He OTRa BHopacHBBHJile CKOp1lYIlii OTMe'iaJW N. Tinbergen
[ 37 ], N. Tinbergen und other [ 38 ].
Bec TOJIDRO TO m.uryIDlBIIIl'IXC8 IITeHIJ;OB B 1970 1' MSMeH.!iJIC.f1
OT 21 o 27,5 1', cpe.IJ,Hee (II=8) - 24,2 1'; B 1971 OT 21,3
o 35,8 1', cpe.IJ,Hee (II=I6) - 26,4 1'; B 1973 r OT 19 o 26,5 1',
cpe.IJ,Hee (n=I9) - 23,7 r. Cpe Bec nTeH:qOB sa aTH 1'O
III
(II=43) COCTBBMJI - 24,a I". no MCCJIe OBBHMRM IO.A.HcaRoBa M ,1ij>.
[12], HB OS.KHeBO BeC BWJI,yIDlBnmxC.R. IITe OB BapLl1pOBB OT
17,6. o 32,5 1', cpe ee (II=85) - 26,3 1'; no H.A. oRI'YWHHY
[a], Bec HOBop eHHHX IITe OB B RasaxcTaHe H3MeHR CR OT 17
. O 37 r. TaRE.M 06PBSOM, Bec nyXOBHTfROB paSJIMTfHHX reOrpaWMTfeC-
IQ!X o6JracTeA IIpaRTIdTfeCIGl O,1U!.HaROB.
nepBHe qaCH nOCJIe eHE.R. nTe 6ecIIoMomao exaT B
rHes e: O o eBHHe MH01' a BCTaIJT, paSMMHalJT aIIRM, RpWI:&.R. M
IIOSeBHBaIJT Ha BTOpol eHD 0H1l cIIoc06HH lIpId OlIaCHOCTH BHJIe-
M .
saT MS rHes a M SaTaHBaTLCg p OM EJIH YnnHBaTb R TpOCTHHRo-
Bo..porOSHHM sapocJlJiM, MH01' a SaTaBBaIJTCR B 1'Hes e,.c06J11.pa.aCL
o 4-5 oc06ea ITTeH o60rpeBaIJTCR pO TeJIaMH_(cB01lMR 11 IIpl1-
eMHHMH) T RO o He eJIDH01'O BospacTa. IToRBJIeHMe IITe OB B IIO
ceJIeHJII.H COlIpoB aeTCR IIoBHmeHHoI aKTl1BHOCT 1J BSpOCJIHX qaeR,
Bos6y eHHOCTLIJ 11 a1'peCCHBHOCTLIJ oc06eA - Jll.H01' a HeoxanaHHo
M 6es BJiJ,IUlM01 IIpM'UWH OBJll Ha6paCHBaIJTCR Ha COce,lJ,HHe IIapH.
llocJIe BWIY eHM. Bcex IITe OB pO TeJIM MH01' YBO,lta.T
CBOa BHBP OR B 60 ee 6esonacHoe MecTo HalIpHMep, qaARa 1'HeS-
,na 22, y6e BI!1HCL, qTO HaCmU!.Ba a .al:qo, ORasaBWeeCg 60 TYHOM,
CHaqa a OT eTe R CTO.R.Bmel B TpOCTHHRe HalIap e, saTeM BOS-
BpaTMaC:L R CBOeMY 1'Hes.n.y Id, cXi3aTHB IITeH , IIepeHeC a e1'O
Ha HOBoe NeCTO. IToAo6HHe IIepeaOCH OTMeqaJIMCL Ha osiBaIHBsap-
Rona B 1970-1973 rr. HeoMoRpaTHo. Ha6Jm.naJIMCL C.nyqaH sa60T-
JIHB01'O IIepeBO IITeHltOB. HaIIpMMep. 14 l1KJHR 1967 1'. MH Ha6JID-
aJIM Ha OS.][aPRORD ltaR 1-12-,IUieBHHe IITeH:q!i, 06ecIIoRoeHHHe
RpMKaMR BSpOCJIWC nTM:q, Ta6YHRaMJII. OT W!aJIM OT rHes,n, IIp.a.qaCL
B OT eRDHHX I\VPTMHRaX TpOCTHHRa Ii porosa. BspocJIHe qaARH OT-
SHBaJIil HX RDme OT RO OHMM. HeKoTopHe IITIDUi ca CL Ha Bo-
.n.y H IIo,n HBaJIM R CBOMM nTeHltaM. MHorHe IITeHltl:i, cTapancL BH-
nnHT Ha OTRPHTYIJ BO.n.y K pO,nHTe M, saCTpeBaJIM B HaHocax Tl1-
Bbl';, llTeH:qH o 3-4-,!{HeBHOrO B03pacTa BSpoCJIHMM IITI1I18M1l He TpO-
1'alDTCR 11 cnOROaHO. IIepeMel!1HBaIOTCn C ,npyrH.MH BHBO,IJ;RaM1l, HO CTap-
me ST01'O BospaCTa, npE. HapYW€HIDl 1'paHH:q 1'HeS OBoro yqaCTRa,
aKTMBHO l1S6J11.BaJIMCL. PO,IU1TeJIM IIPM aTOM He BMeWill3aJIMCL, O,IUiaRO,
IIpM BOSBpa eHHM IITeHltOB B rHes o OHM IIpMHHMaJIM l1X E. 0601'peBa-
JIM.
C nepBHX ,IUiea XE3H1l IITe OB pO,nHTeJIM ROpMRT l1X B OCHOB-
HOM HaCeROMHM1l, saTeM KapaCRMJII. M BO HMH IIO eBKaMR. ITpMe-
II2
TeB R rnes,IJ,y, qalRlJ., IIpM6JIMJrtaRCL R IITeHltaM, npMce.naIDT M, BH-
TRHYB melO, BCIW,II,HBaIOT rO OBY BBepx. ITP01'o.lIo,naBl!1HeC.R. IITeHWl
rro.u.xo R pO,nHTeAAM M 1lW1rraJIM X MIOB, TfTO CTHMYJIMpOBa O OT-
pHrHBaHMe IlMII!H 11 .n;aBa O B03MOJltHOCTL CMeBHBaT:L ee. HaROPMMB
rrTe OB, pO,nHTeJIM no.n6l1paJIM OCTaTIGl Irn.1lW1 M ycaUBaJIMCb rpeTb
OCTaBmMeCR B 1'HeS,II,e nAlta E. nTeH OB KaR IIpaBMO, IIpM paSJIMTf-
HOM BospaCTe nTeHltOB IIMlIia 60 bme .u.OCTaBa aCL IITea:qy, BaHYIIRB-
meM:yCR IIepBI:lM.
ITo Ha JO,D.eHE.R.M ID.A McaRoBa M M.IT.PaCIIOIIOBa [13 J, IIepBHe
12 TfaCOB, l1Hor.u.a 11 CYTIGl, IITeH 06XO,lta.TCR 6es KopMa, cy ecT-
BY.fI sa CTfeT OCTaTKOB Jlte TfH01'O MemRa. O,Il,HO,Il,HeBHHX IITeHltOB po-
)J,liTeJIM ROpMRT, saIIMX11BaR MM OTpH.1ltI\Y B POT, .IJ.BYX,IUleBHHe qai!qa-
Ta MeBaJIM npMHeceHHWl ROpM caMOCTO.R.Te LHO [12].
BwIymrnlllMeCR DTeH o3epHo qatJlGl paCTYT 6HCTpo, TfTO YC-
TaHOBJIeHO l1CC e.n;OBBH1lgMM IO;A.McaRoBa M ,1ij>; [12 ] Ha rrTeHI.t8X,
BOCIIMTHBaIDIW[XC.R. B MOCKOBCROM SOOIIapRe, 11 IIO TBe eHo HaWMMH
Ha6 KJ.n.eHH.flMH B eCTeCTBeHHHX YC OBMRX CeBepH01'O KasaxcTaHa. no
HBI!1HM .n;aHHHM, IIepe.n eazeM IITeHltOB IIpOl1CXO,nHT clIa HX Be-
ca OT I 11 60 ee rpaMMoB. lloc e 06CHXaHHR nTeH HaTfMHalJT npId-
HHMaTL 11 HapamHBBTL Bec B Cpe,IUieM OT o,a o 32,5 r B CYT-
1Gl. Ha C aTMM Ha a ocL H IIOHHEeH1le Beca Ha 1-22 r B
CYTIGl (II=26). PesYRDTaTH eJlt€CYTO H01'O BSBelllMBaHM.fl IITeHltOB IIpn-
Be eHH B Ta6 e.
Hs Ta6JIM Bn.IJ.HO, TfTO YBeJIMTfeH1le Beca ITTeH:qOB osepHoi!
qa RlJ. IIpOl1CXO O C nepB01'O .n;o 23 ,IUig l1X 21tHSHM. IToc e SToro
Ha lO.n;aeTCR cHIdJlteaze Beca O 28-,IUieBH01'O BospaCTa, saTeM Hac-
TynaeT YBeJIMTfeHHe o 32 ,IUffi 11 OII.flTL CHIdJlteH1le IIepe IIO,IUffiTl1eM
Ha RpwrO.
CpaBHeaze HamMX cBe eHMA C HHI:lMH IO.A.HcaROBa 11 ,1ij>. [121
nORaSHBaeT, TfTO IITeH:qH ID1KHHX IIony paCTYT Jll.HTeHCHBKee, qeM
O 06M ceBepHHX 06JIaCTea. O,Il,HaRo, YTfMTHBa.R. II01'peIDHOCTl1 IIpM BSBe-
I!1HBaHMM nTeH:qOB, MH IIpHIDJIH R SBKJIlDTfeH1llJ, qTO pOCT IITeHltOB I!IEHHX 11:
ceBe pHm: IIony , BOnpeRlJ. IIpaBMY Eep1'MaHa, o.ItHHaROB. B CB.fI-
sn C 6HCTpHM pOCTOM IITea:qOB, yxe R ABYXHe e LHOMY BOSpaCTY OHZ
o eBalDT IIepbeBOa Hap 06HTfHO C WeCT01'O- eB.flT01'O HR IIORBna-
IOTCR neHLIGl Ha rpy.IW, 6pKJlliRe. 6e,1ij>ax, JIOlIaTRax Ii Rp.wlI>SlX. C
.n;eBRToro no II.fITHa naTNA .neHD paCTYT neH RlJ. Ha.ItXBOCT1..R., PYJIeBllX,
P8SBOpaTfRBaIDTCR IIepDR Ha 1'py , eTfax, 6plOlliRe, nTeH:qH IIp 06-
II3
peT8IDT 60 ee TeM nEeT. C weCTHaAUaT01'O IIO Tp TL BTOpoA
eHb Y nTeHUOB 6ypHO paCTeT IIepLeBoA IIORpOB, a rryx OCTaeTCR
Ha SaTHnRe. B Tp Tl1TpexnaeBHOM BospaCTe IITeH e a-
lOT nOIIHTKH eT8TL 11 OCTMramT Beca 245 1'
Ta6 ua
MSMeHeHMe Beca IITeH:qOB osepHoA qaARH Ha os.BaAHasap-
ROIIa no B03pacTY (1971 1' )
---- -- ----------------------
Bospac TlP1c o Bec, BQSpa . _ . CT 1jMC O Bec,
( ; ) nTeHUOB l' CII.!f. ) IITeHUOB l'
-------------------- -------
I 14 26,3 17 5 205,2
2 22 35,7 18 5 215,9
3 20 40,3 19 5 222,9
4 20 46,6 20 4 235,5
5 18 55,8 21 4 242,8
6 t7 67,1 22 4 243,9
7 14 80,5 23 4 248,9
8 14 94,3 24 5 235,1
9 14 104,3 25 6 233,5
10 12 II6,4 26 4 219,7
II II 133,9 27 4 215,8
12 II 147,6 28 4 215,5
13 8 162,4 29 4 218,3
14 6 173,3 30 4 218,9
15 5 190,1 3r 2 220,1
16 5 20I,4 32 247,4
33 245,5
-------------------------------
B IIOCe aHHBX OS.EaPRORD 11 Ba Hasap-RoIIa MH He B e no-
rnoWHX nTeH OB, TfTO 06 .fICHReTCR OTHOCHTe bHO pa306 eHHOCTLIO
1'HeS OBUX YTfaCTROB. O,n;HaRO OTMe a RCL rryXOBRTfRM, nOr110WHe npl1
BWJylIJIeHHlJ. M.Jli1 B nepBble .II,ffii JIU13IDl RaR OT pa3ROI'D nepeOXJIaz.n;e-
Hl1R, TaR M npMaBJIeIiIllie pO.Il.HTe Ml1. ITpl1 6ecnORO CTBe nepHaTU- .
Ml1 XHlliHHRaMM (RaMblWoBID! ym,. cepe6pltCTaR Tfa:MRa, cepaR BOpo-
Ha) D3pOCRUe a l{lJ. 3aXO.Il.H (RaR n nT€HQU) nepe eTa Ha
YEHe 1'Hes,n;OBHe TeppMTopr12 113-Sa qero B03H1lRa CTO KHOBeHl1R
R aRn. OCHOBH8.f1 Macca nTeH OB rn6HeT, RaK npaB O, B IIepBym
He,n;eJIID JIU1SHM, TfTO IIO TBe aeTC.fI MHOI'RMM l1CC e,n;OBaTe MR. Ko-
II4
ltqeCTBO n01'M6alOmaX nTeH:qOB pa3 TfHO.. ITpe e BCe1'O 8TO saBM-
Cl1T OT MeCTo06RTaHM.fI TfaeR: ROpMHOCTIt Y1'O , RX pa3MepOB M
nnOTHOCTIt 1'He3 , BSaHMOOTHOWe Mex.n:y pasMHo aIDliwu.rnCR OC06R-
MR, Rc eHHOCTl1 nepHaTbIX 11 CyXOIIYTH.ClX XM111HRKOB, rM6e.Jli1 SM6pMO-
HOB, peSR01'O nepeOXJI eHHB, nOBe,n;eHl1R HaC BaIDmaX IITItU, R8H-
Hl16a.Jli13Ma 11 aHTpOlIoreHHUX waKTopOB. 3,n;eCL ,n;€:MCTEyeT 06lIiaR 3a-
KOHOM€PHOCTL - eM 60 :bwe TfJ'JC eHHOCTL IIorry Ulin, TeM 60 :bme
BospaCTaeT rMOe I. nTeH:qOB K8R OT YRaSaHHllX IIpMtlliH, TaR It OT
BC€B03MO HbIX MHBas .
BspocJIble TfaARH He OT.Jli1TfaIOT CBOMX IITeH:qOB B nepBHe .II,ffii
2KI1SH1l, R8R M nTeHltI:l - pO.Il.HTe e}J [22, 23, 24, 12, II]. BsaHM-
Hoe OnOSHaBaHl'Ja Y 03epHOH TfaHRH YCTaHaBJII1Ba OCb Ha 3-4 CYTIW
o YCTaHOBJIeHMR CpOROB OIIOSHaBaHHR BSpOCJIble TfaARH OTHOCHJlliCL
JWYJKe ro6Ho RO B8e}.q !1'l'OH:qai\j aOCeJISml.fl. rrTeH bl, nOKJ1H"yBill\1e CBOH
rHes a 11 IIOIIaBWHe Ha TeppMTopMIO PyrHx nap C IITeH:qaMIt Toro e
BospaCTa, IIpMH1lMa.Jli1CL npHeMHRMH pO.D:l1TeJUll H 1:1 OCTaBa RCD p HHMR
,n;0 rrO.D:HBTl1R Ha Rp O. B HeROTOpbIX rHes ax HHOl;A8 COOHpa OCL
OMee Tpex IITea:qOB, HO TaRRe BblBO KH 6UCTPO pacna a.Jli1CL, It rry-
XOBJ'JTfRJ'J IIepepacnpe e .Jli1CL no Y1'ID rHe3 aM MHKpORO OHlta M
RO oHMA, TfTO B e OM CHMMa o OCTPOTY DJ'JmeBUX OTHOmeHMH cpe,IJ;lJ.
llTI1:q HarrpMMep, rrpn no a Ke nTeH OB B YI'1le rHes,n;a nplteMHUe
pO,IJ;lJ.Te npMH1lMa ,n;o II.fITM CYTOTfH1lX rryXOBHTfROB, HO BCRope Ta-
I<OH nBblBO OKn pacna.n.a CR. ITTeHl.tbI, He OT.Jli1TfaB CBOM 1'HeS a R pO-
.Il.HTe eH, IIPM onaCHOCTM 6po.D:H.Jli1 no Ml1RpORO OHMR It KO OHl1H, sa-
TaMBa CI. B Y1'MX rHe3 ax, XOS.fleBa KOTOpUX 3a60T Cb 0 HRX
HapaBH€ C C06CTBeIlHI:iMR nTeHuaMM. 06paTHaR Rap 'Illia Ha6JIJ(J a aCL
no 3aBepWeHMlJ. CTa 01I0SH8B8HM.fI, CpORH ROTOPOH SaBHCe.Jli1 OT
I
O,IJ;HOBpeM€HHOCTM BWJyn eHM.fI IITeH:qOB B nOce eHMl1 It SRO 01'HqeCRI1X
npHtlliH. C ST01'O BpeMeHl1 B3pOC bIe Bpaz.n;e6HO OTHOCRnRCL R JKHM
IITeH:qaM, rHa MX OT rHes,n;, H36MBa R It WKe y61lDa .
ITpo ecc paCrrOSHaBaH1l.fl M3yqa CR Ha MRRpORO OHM.fIX, 01'0 pO-
eH UX ceTKOM, M OT,n;e LHHX 1'HeS aX OKa8a OCL, TfTO Bspoc He
IITMr!H Y3HaIDT CBOMX nTeH OB B ".Jli1:q0" M BpaA\,IJ;e6HO OTHOCRTCR R
'Jy MM. OMaRO OUBa.Jli1 CJIyqal1, Kor a qaiiRM aRTMBHO salIiHlIia nTeH-
:qOB C qyKRX 1'He3 , OKaSaBrnRXCR Oes rrpMCMOTpa pO Te eH. Hadnro-
,n;a aCD M 06paTHaR RapTMHa, Ror,n;a a RM, B qyKRX IITeH:qOB,
OCTaBmRXCR OMI1X, Ha6paCUBa CL HS HRX 11 CBaAZ O np eTa
HX pO Te eH. IToc e e, nplt eTeB, aRTMBHO OT?O a1'peCCRn-
II5
HHX oco6e .
11H.n.HBl'lII,yaRDHbIe OTJilItlRR 1'O OCOB pOMTe e , a rtPM BWI:yMe-
IDill Ii I1X 06 , MeCTOnO OJKeHHe.rnes.n: YCBaI1BaIOTGJI IITe MM
IIOCTeIIeHHO. C YCTaHo eHHeM nOCTORHHO TeMITepaTypH Te a STOT
npo:qecc IIpOTeRaeT 6HCTpee. POMTe YSHa T CBOl1X IITeH OB IIO
aEJCTH'leCREM CHrHa aM, IIOBe.n:eHl1lO, ORpaCRe nyXOB01'O Hapa.n:a,
'lTO 06yc o eHO XOpOWHM speHHeM BSpOC qaeR. IToc e .n:OCT e-
HI'J.fI nTeH aMM paSMepa BSpOCRHX IITn OHH HaTf1lHaID eTaTD. Ha
03 BaHHa3ap-Rona STO npOMCXO,IJ,I'WO Ha 33 ,n;eHL EMSHH. ITo HaMra-
,n;eHRHM IT.IT.CywKMHa, no eM MO O X Ha RpunO Ha MHa Cfl B Rasax-
CT8He (Bepxome Mp1'Msa) B nepBo IIO OBHHe MIOJ1H [ 8 ]. fio IO A.
V.caKoBY H .n:p. [12J , IIpHMepHO C 25-30- eBH01'O BospacTa
llapBbIe C eTRI1 Ha os.Eo :bmo ARCYST OTMeTfeHH H8MH 26iYI.
1967 1'., OCHOBHaR acca IITeH OB e e C1l.D:e a y 1'He3 H Ha BO-
.n:e, III I![b HeCRORDRO oc06e11 RpY2IillJIOCL BMeCTe co BSpOC HMH .
Ea 08oJKapRO :b C eTRI1 Ha6 IO.n:a cD BaTH J!te CpORl1. Ha OS.EaaHa-
3ap-Rona Mo o e IIo n CL Ha RpunO B 1969 r 29 MIDH.fI (20-30
c eTKoB); B 1970 r. 25 HIDHR BCTpeTfeHH xopomo eT3IDJ € IIT€H ,
o eBm.n:Ho,no flBmHecR Ha RpH O 18-20 c a; B 1971 r. IIepBue
IITeHI.:(H nO RJmCD Ha KpunO 14 I1IOHR.
ITo HaUlliM 1'J HM€IOlIiJ'JMCR JmTepaTypHHM MCTOTfHI1KBM [25, r2, 7,
8], MO O € Tfathrn KO BpeMeHH no,n;H.fITM.fI Ha RpunO IIO'lTH ,n;OCTMI'a-
pasMepa H Beca BSpOCRHX oc06e . fuRCMMaRDH Bec nTeHQOB
OTMeTfa CR H8MH Ha 23 eHL 1'JX JKH3HH. BospacT nTeH:qOB IIpM no e- .
Me Ha KpunO Heo aROB, HO, ytUlTHBaR TepaTypHHe .n:aHHJ:le, Ha-
npSlliMBaeTCR BHBO,n;, 'lTO' HHe H ceBepHHe nOIIY M HaTfRHaIDT
eT8Tb B O.D:HOM M TOM J!te Bosp8CTe.
lloc e IIO.IU>eMa Ha RpwrO MO O.IU>le OSepHH€ Tfa:li!rot Be.n;yT ce6R.
Ta e, RaR H .n:pyrl1e qa rot: CM3a.fl, cepe6pl1CTaR, epH01'O OBHE
XOXOTYH. epm8TCR OHM 06H'lH0 B conpOBO eHMl1 BSpOCRHX IITM
MMS 1'He3,n;OBLR. OCBOMB TeXH1'JEJ no eTa, Mo o e c06npalOTpR B
CTaMKH 1'J HaTf1lHaIDT ROTfeBaTL IIO II eCaM osep, 6 :Ii!mHM CTeII.flM
11 Bo,n;oeMaM. ITO HOCTLID IITM TePRIDT CBaSb C MeCTOM paSMHOJ!teHH.fl
IIoc e T01'O, RaR OCHOBHaR Macca nTeH:qOB "BCTaST" Ha RpwrO. ITpo-
I:(€HT IIO,I.\HRIBUlliXCJ'I Ha RpwrO nTeH OB (OT tUlc a OT OJ!teHHblX RM ) B
pa3HHX IIOIIY X HeO.D:RHaROB.
ARTMBHaR EMSHL 'laeK npOTeRaeT RaK B CBeT e, TaR M TeM-
HHe TfaCH CYTOK. MaRcMMaRDHaR aRTMBHOCTL nTl1:q Ha 03.E8pKO L 11
II6
BaaHa3ap-ROlIa HaTfMHaeTCR C paCCBeTa (C J q 30 MMH ) 11 IIpO-
,n;o eTCR o TeMHOTH (21 q ). HO BO:li! nepl1o.n: J!tMSHM 'laeK
BIIepBHe MSyqa CR C r966 no 1973 1'1'. Y 1'He3.n:, Ha M€CTaX RopMe-
JKeR n OXOTH B Te. eHl1e 100,5 q. Ho :&10 W:YM B KO OHID1 He SaTl1-
xaeT, yc aJ'lcL B IIepHO OT eTa IITM MS rHeS OBbR M npH l1X
BOSBpa eHH1l. qa:t1KH HeROTopoe BpeM.fl KpYJ!taT Ha,n; YTfaCTROM B IIO-
MCRaX CBOe1'O rHes,n;a. BORDmaR aCTL CHMlIiJ'JX Ha 1'Hes,n;ax TfaeR
coxpaHReT 60.n:pCTBOBaHHe - 1'O OBH ,n;ePJ!taT BbICORO, nepMOMTfeCKH
BCTalOT 11 IIepeBOpaTfMBaIDT R:Ii! . Hanpl1Mep, B MRRpOKO OHR1'J liS 27
qaeR 20 HaXOM MCb B cnoKoEHOE 60.n:pcTBywllie:li! nose. M3pe a OHn
nO MMa CL C rHes.n:a B BOS.n;yX 11, IIpo eTeB Rp:Y1'-,n;Ba Ha rne3-
,n;OBbeM, BHOBL Ca.Il,1'JJIMCb.
C a.IU>lBa€TC.fI 06MaHtUlBOe Bne'laT eHHe, TfTO C HaCTYMeHHeM
TeMHOTH qa:li!KH npeRpa aIDT IIepeMe eHM, KpOMe "CTopOJ!te ", TMXO
eTalO Ha.n: 1'Hes,n;OBbeM. OKasa OCb, TfTO npl1 6HCTpOM HaCTYII e-
HH1'J TeMHOTH IITMnH HeCRO LRO saTMxalOT, XOTR IIpO O aIOT 6ecmyM-
HO eTaTL Ha KopMeJ!tRY n B03Bpa aTLCR 06paTHO. ITpl1BHKH:yB R ne-
peMeHe CBeTa, OHH Bos06HO IDT myM 11 .n:parot, HO HeCRORDRO TM-
me, eM .D:HeM. B HOTfHOe BpeMR Ha 1'HeS,I.\aX B OCHOBHOM CHMT C8M-
F;H, caMUIi O CYTCTBYB:JT 11J.IH CHMT pa.n:OM. ITo Ha6 ID eHMSlM JO.A.!1ca-
KOBa M AP. LI2], osepHHe Tfa KH c eTaIOTCR Ha HO e1' B 16-17
q , a ORO O 21 q myM B rHes.n:OBbe IIOJIHOCTLID .saTMxaeT.
CYltR IIO Hallll'lM ,n;aHHIiM [16, 17, 20], osepHHe qaaKH 06 a a-
B:JT speHMeM, IIOSBO B:JlIiMM BeCTH RpY1' OCYTOTfHYID EMSHe eRTe LHOCTb.
eTO YCTaHo eHO BMsyaRDHO M C IIOMO ID IIp1160pa HOTfH01'O eHHR,
a TaIOKe IIO TBePJ!t,Il,eHO HaJmtUleM B l1X IIMTaH1l1l OCTaTROB BOMHOa
IIo eBKM H HOTfHHX HaceROMHX. Haurn BHBO.IU>l nO TBePJ!t,Il,aIOT pa60TH
RiB.ABMOBO:li! [I, 2 J no aKO 01'OMOIXPO 01'1'J'leCKoM:Y M3YTfeHMIO spe-
HHR Tfa:li!ROBHX IITl1I:(.
I1ccJIe oBaHHR IIMTaHHR osepHoj! qa:li!KH [5, 12, 7, 31, 4, 8.
26, 25, 27, 32, 28 J IIORaSa , TfTO OHa OTHOCMTCR K JltRBOTHOJ'l,Il,-
HHM nTHQaM, H pasHo06pasHHM COCTaB ee ROpMOB SaBMCl1T RaR OT
MeCT00611TaHRa, TaR 11 OT ceSOHa 1'o a.
ITo HalIWM HaMlO,IteHHflM, pasHo06pasI1e ROpMOB B nepBYIJ OTfe-
pe.D:D sanaCHT RaR OT CIIoc060B, TaR M MeCT 06UTfH ROpMOB. Osep-
HbIe qaaRM 06HBam Im!IIY HB eTY (HaceROMble), C BO.IU>l, TfacaMH
EHEH.n:aR pH6y H BO HaceROMHX, 6pOART no cyme H Me OBO.D:D1O
B nOHCRaX MeJIRHX rpHsYHoB, nTH M l1X RH:q, seMHoBo HX, penTH-
II7
H HaCEROMNX. OBO bHO aCTO BHCMaTpEBaIDT 06H C BHCOTH,
JIeTaR RI IIapS!. DlMpOKHME RpY1'aMM Ha,n; CTemlO, 03epOM E pH6a'il>MMM
CeTRMH, MSpe a IIpE 3TOM "IIOBMCafl" B B03,IJ;yXe Ba O.n;HOM MeCTe.
ITpl1 06HBaIDrn pH6b1 OHM MH01' a n01'PYJKalOTCSi Ha He60 LmyID r y6M-
BY. ITO 06HO Xl1II!HHM IITMW3M, 'iai!1U\ BHCMa TpMBalOT 06H , Cl1,Wl
Ha BOSBHweHHbIX MeCTax (cTo 6H, TpHrOHOMeTpMTfeCRMe SHaRM, seM-
JIHHRM M 06pblBMCTHe 6epera). ITpM WTOpMOBOM BeTpe, - aBafl 0 3
6epera MJIR CTOSi Y RpOMRM BO.n;u,OHR no alOT HaceKOMHX, EX -
1lHOR, Ma LROB pH6 MAP., Hana,n;alOT Ha M€ X IITE:q, EX IITeB OB.
OBORDHO TfaCTO aH!{i'i IIMTaIDTC.fI IIa aJJDIO E OT6pocaME pH6Horo npo-
MHc a, C06MpalOT HaCel\OMNX, we TU!'lliHOR 11 ,n;02K,IJ;eBHX 'iepBeH, O-
.n;u aKOB, c e.n:yR 3a LamylliRM TpaKTopOM. B 8TO BpeMR RaHHM6a-
SM - RMeHMe pe oe.
HeKOTopHe Tfat1IDt Ha os.EaEHasap-Rona cne a 3MpOBa CI.
paCRJIeBHBaTb R a YTOR (cepHe, KpaCHOrOJIOBHe HHpRM). nO 06HO
,I1.f!T aM, CTalI!X1B .fIH O, OHM SaRJIa.n;uBaIOT e1'O BepTHKa :bHO B yrJJJ6-
eHMe BHCOKEX IIHpeHHbIX RC'ieR E paCRJIeBHBaIDT. OXOTRTC.fI IITM
RaR Ha "CBoeM" osepe, TaR E B6 SM ero, a TaIOKe B CTeIIM Ha
paCCTOSlHIDl o 40 RM OT MeCTa 1'He3 OBaHID!.. l1 A.JJ.o rYDIMB [8],
BepoSiTHo, oDIM6aJIcS!., 1'OBOp.fl, TO 03epHHe a RM B YCJIOBHHX Ka-
saXCTaHa ,n;aJIeRO OT MeCT paSMHOJKeHM. He pa eTaIOTCR. ITo B.E.MR-
XMHY [15J, pa3 eT no OXOTHl1QoMM yro flM COCTa eT 8 KM a
G.Bergman [33J .CTfHTaeT. 'iTO 'laERM eJKe.n;HeBHO ROpMHTCR Ha'pac-
CTO.flHl1H o 35 RM OT rHes,n;OB:bSi. 03epHHe TfaHRH pery pHo IIoce-
lIiaIDT IIOMO RR, CBa RM E CTOflHRM pH6aRoB, BWKM,IJ;aB, R01' a BHOpO-
CRT OTXO.n;u OT pas e aHHOH pH6H. ITpOJKOpillMBOCTL aTMX nTM nopa-
311Te LHa - OHE CIIoco6HH npor oTETb 3-4 RapacR cpa3Y, a B JKe-
ax 11 nora KaX OTMe a OCL o.n;HoBpeMeHHo 16 ROMnOHeHTOB
l1Hor a OHM IIoe aIDT ' 1'ymeR, CTLR porosa (IIpe.I\B8PMTe bH ne-
peJKeBHBaR), IIJIO,IJ,bl IIWeHH , RTfMeHfl, ooeB03MOJKHYlO IIa a L. 113-
e,n;I{a HalIa aIDT Ha JIHCYX, IIoraHOR, a no CB€,n;eHM.fIM W.stichman
[36], Ha 60 LDlMX Rpoxa e , xo aTHX TfepHeTe M 1'01'O eH.
IlETaHMe 03epHOE TfatlXI1 M3yqa OCL HaMM C 1964 no 1973 rr.
Ba osepax HaYP3YMcKoro 3anOBe.n;HMKa - EapRO L CapHMY1lH Bo L-
mo M MaH AKcyaT KapaJKap, qy!llRaRY :b, TeBM;, M!llRe ORD,
CYJIyRO L, Ea Hagap-ROna, CapH-Rona M cpe.n;HeM Te eIDrn p.Typrati
BJcTaHatlcRo oO acTH. ITpoaBa sMpoBaHo co,n;e RMO€ 108 JKe y,n;-
ROB IITID.:! H 233 II01'a,n;OR, c06paHHHx Ha 1'He3 OBbRX os.JKaP O L 11
II8
EaHHa3ap-KOIIa.
AHa s co e MMoro III1llieBHX KOMKOB 3a Maa-aB1'ycT nORasa ,
'iTO osepBaR atlKa - BC€SiAHaH IITI1:qa, XOTR B nHTaH1l1l ee npe06-
a aIDT HaceKOMbIe M pbI6H. Cpe,IJ,HM Bec MaJKHHX oTpWKeK (n=6) -
5,8 1', IIo cyweHHHX (II=35) - 0,9 1', a IIO ,n;aHHHM B.A.3y6aRl1Ha
(n=15) .- 1,2 r.
ERBOTBa.fl IIHlIia B co,n;eP*EMoM JKe ROB E nora,n;OR COCTa -
eT 100% BCTpe , paCTMTeRDHaSi COOTBeTCTBeHHO 13 H 22.7%. B JKe-
.ny,n;I{ax OMMHHpOBaJIR HaceROMHe (84,3%)., npe,n;cTaM€HHHe II OT-
pa,naMM M 41 CeM€ CTBaME, Rl3 ROTOpHX IIpeoC5Jra aJlli XYIDt (MaBYH-
, BO OJIBJC5H, CToe,IJ,bl M OMOHOCIlRM). vI3 pH6 (47,2%) - Ra-
paCL, casaH..OTMe a OCb HaJmTfHe B IIMll!e eKOIIMTalOnw.x ( eCHaR
MNIIlli. BO,IJ.R.HaR IIO eBKa), IITID.:! (X€JITaR TpSiCOry3Ra), penTMW
(IIPHTKaB JIDlepMLta), IIWlBOK, paKo06pasHHX (60KOMaBbI) '. OCHOBY no-
1'a,n;OR COCTa JIR HaceKOMHe (88%), IIpe cTaMeHHHe 8 oTp aMI1 11
30 ceMe cTBaMM, M3 KOTOpliX IIpeo6 a a XyRM (65,7%),J!tYxe I.J;bI,
IIJIaBYH 11 'iepHoTe . .IJ;pyrae BMH ROpMOB Rrpa BTopocTeneH-
HYID pO L.
Ha CHOBaHRH M3YTfeHRa co e EM01'O 57 MaHCIDtX n01'a OR BbI-
aCHeHO, 'iTO JltRBOTHa.R. rrama BecHoH COCTa 100% BCTPeTf M3
IIpe cTaBMTe eH .D:BYx RJI8CCOB - MO IOCRI1 11 HaceROMHe. noc e e
npe cTaMeHH 5 oTpa.n:aMM M 19 ceMe CTBaMM, MS KOTOPbIX npe06 a-
MJm xeCTRORpbLJIHe - 57,9% (IIJIaBYHI.J;bI - 22,8%, 1KYJKe - 19,3%)
RI TfemyeKpbLJIHe - 57,9% (COBIG!. MM HOTfHMI.J;bI - 50,9%). B OMOM
JKeJI:y e B Mae OTMeTfeHH cTpeRosH (7 3KS.).
B MIDHe (47 JKeJI:y,n;I{OB E 50 II01'a oR) XMBOTHaB IIMll!a COCTaE-
JIRJIa 100% BCTpe'i; paCTMTeJJI.HaR - 12,8 B xeJI:y,n;I{ax, 20% B IIora -
KaX. B JKe y,n;I{ax IIepBOe M€CTO saHMMaJm HaCeROMN€ (83$), saTeM
pH6N (23,4%), MO IDCIG!. (12,8%), eROIIMTaIOIIjRe (6,4%), paKo06-
paSHl:l€ M IDUlBKM (4,2%>' Ms HaceROMbIX IIp€o6 a aJm xecTRoEpwme
_ 74,5% (BO 0 106N - 21,3%, 1KYJlte - 12,8), nOJI:yXecTRoKpWIHe
_ 29,8%, cTpeKosbi - 23,4%, Py eaHERR - 17% E ,n;BYRpwme - 14,9%.
B nora ax OTMe'ia c:& H8CeROMbie (94%)., MOMIJCIG!. (22%),
eRormTaIDIIjRe (BO.W1HaJ! IIOJIeBRa), nTl1I.J;bI (JIHcyxa, TYPyxTaB,
RpacHoro oB HHpOR), pH6H (Rapacb), paRo06pasHHe (60RoMaBbI,
peTfHoA paR) no 6% BCTpe'l. M3 HaceROMbiX npe06 a aJm xecTRoRpbl-
JJble - 82% (JIRCTO, e,IJ,bl ,n;OJII'OHOCmGI, 'iepHOTeJIIGI M xyxeJIRUH)
B Hnne (54 xeJIy.n;K8 H 126 n01'a oK) osepHaSi 'laaRa rmT8JIaCD
II9
XIIBOTHOa (100%) M paCTMTeRDHOH (13-14$) IIMlIieH. OCHOBY II1lllieBO-
1'0 ROMRa (83,3%) COC'l'aBJIRIOT HaceROMHe (xecTRoKpWIHe _ 64,8%,
l1S ROTOpm: Tfarqe IIOe aJUlCL MSBYHIU:i - 24,1%) 11 pH6u - 63% (Ra-
paCL H casaH IIO 27,8%). B n01'a.ItRaX Ha OJIlO HaceROMm: IIpl1XO,IUl-
JIOCL 83,3% (EecTRoRp.wme - 62, ,;%, Ji!!S ROTOpWC tIarqe BCTpeTfaJUlCL
.n;OMOHOC1lIW, MaBYHu;H, xyxeJUU:U:>i 11 TfepHOTeJIRH), paRo06pasHWC _
18,2% (MORp , 60RoMaBu), pUO - 14.3% (RapacL, ORyHD, nSL),
MJIeROIDlTalOl1.\MX - II,9% (XOWlK :3BepcMaHa. BO,IJ,llHaR nOJIeBRa), IITMI'(
11 HX RMI'( - 7,9% (KYJUlRH, cepaR YTRa, RpaCH01'O oBua H.bIpOR, 06HK-
HOBeHHaR Tfaibta); OTMetIaJUlCL MO CRM. PaCTeHl1R. B JlteJIy,IU{ax M
IIo1'a)J,RaX IIpe,Il,cTaMeH.bI OpaCTYI1.!MMM J'J. RyRDTYPIlliMM pacTeHIDlMM,
a TaREe se eHHMM BO OPOO MH.
B aB1'ycTe (6 XeJIy.nItOB) TfaHRa IIMTa aCL pu60 (RapacL,
ORyH:& IIO 4 8RS..), HaCeROMbIMH ( RM -4 :3Its.) 11 n o,Il,aM1l Tfepe-
,II,bI, BaCl'IJI:bRa, CTeOJIflMM s aKOB.
ITTeH:qoB IIepBUe pO,IWTeJUl ROpWlT IIo YlIepeBapeHHbIMJ'J. Ha-
ceKOMUMM O - Ba pasa B tIaC RopMJIeHMe o oro nyXOm1TfRa IIpO-
o a TCR 2 M1lH , .D:BYX - 5 MMH C pOCTOM nTeRijOB Te LHOCT:&
Me1JU1.Y ROpMJIeHMRMM YBeJUlTfHBa aCL. OTMetIaJUlC:b c Y1:Ial1, R01' a PO-
,IUlTeJUl He ROpMMJUl nTeHqoB B TeTfeHMe Te :&H01'O BpeM€HM (6-7
1:I8C.), saTeM ROMlIeHcMpy.fI e1'O 60 ee TfaCTUMH ROpMJIeHMRMH.
ITo ,Il,aHHhIM D.A..McaRoBa 11 .n:p. [12], pO,IUlTeJUl ROpWlT MO O -
BRK 4-5 pas B .n;eHD, IIpMHOCR RBE.n:OM:y 100-150 l' RopMa. IT€PBUMM
IIepecT810T KOpMMTL IITeRijOB caMu;H 06HT:lHO YEe C I8-20- eBH01'O
BospaCTa IITeHu;H OCTalOTCR Ha noneTfeHMM caMOR J'J. CIIOco6H.bI K caMO-
CTonTe HOM:y ROpMJIeHMIO. ITo Ha!D1lM ,Il,aHHUM, pO,IU1TeJUl IIpO OJDltaIOT
KOpMMT:& IITeHqoB 11 rrOCJIe IIO eMa HX Ha KpUJIO erqe e-TpH He e-
JUl.
OsepHHe TfajijI\ii, KaK 11 .n:pyrMe BE,II,bI Tfai1KoBux, JIe1'RO IIepeMIO-
TfaIOTCR C o oro BJa,Ita RopMa Ha .n:pyrOH, 6o ee MaccoBIDJ. B.H.hT-
HI1ROB [32 J IIMca , TfTO Tfai1RM, c e fI sa nJIy1'OM H KonaflCL B pwc-
0i1 seMJIe, ,Il,06HBa J'J. ryceHM M seM.J.!.fI.H.bIx TfepBei1, a rrpH IIORMeH1ll1
01'pOMHoro ROJIMTfeCTBa capaHTfH B aRyRDCRoi1 paBHMHe YHMTfTQEJ'J.-
JUl H ee. A.H.ll>opM030B [37 J M A.M qe L:qoB-Be6YToB [28] OTM€Tfa-
Jill, TfTO IIpM rrOnMeHMM npyca B HaYPSYMCKOM sanOBe HMKe Tfai1RM
aKTMBHO nepeRJllOTfaJUlCL Ha Hero.
TaIDlM 06paSOM, B ITRTaHMM osepHOE TfaaRM 1tycTaHaikROE 06-
aCTH .n;OMHHHpOBaJUl HaceKOMUe M pu6u. Eo Lmoe TfHC O MO CROB
120
B Jlte Y,IU{ax qaeR CBJi!!,II,eTeRDCTBY€T 0 HeXBaTRe B opraHMsMe EX
Ra :bI'(M. raCTpOJUlTU c yxaT IIepeTMpaHIDl 1'PYOOH IIIDl!M. HBml-
flCL per.iJIflTOpOM TfHC eHHOCTM EMBOTHUX H caHMTapOM Bo oeMOB, M
npH exarqe R HHM TeppMTOpHM, osepHafl Tfai1Ra YHMTfTOXaeT OOJIDmoe
ROJIRqeCTBO Bpe HX IIOSBOHOTfHUX 11 OecnOSBOHOTfHUX, IIpHHOCMT STHM
01'pOMH:y1O nOJIDsy HapO OMY XOSRi1CTBY.
MOJIO,Il,ble TfaaRM IIOCJIe IIO,Il,'.beMa Ha RpUJIO He cpasy Tep.aIJT
CB.fISL C pO.Il,PJTeJIflMM. PaCTRHYTOCT:& rHeS,II,OB01'O IIep110,Il,a Y RO OHM-
a :bHUX IITMI'( MeTfeT sa c060a H YAJIaHeHMe CpOROB IIO '.beMa Ha RPH-
O IITeHqoB BceH RO OHMJ1 ITepBUe nO,Il,HflBmMeCR Ha RpUJIO nTeHu;H He
nOK.H.nalOT ItO OHMIO, a JUlu.tI, HeCRORDRO OTBO,WlTCfI pO,IWTe MM 0'1'
CBOMX 1'Hes.n;. HaYTfHBWHCL eTaT:&, rrTeHu;H, CJIe H sa pO.IUlTeJIRMR
M KOIIMpYH MX .D:BHEeHM.fl, OCBaMBalJT TeppHTopMIO osepa M exa-
IIl.RX cTeneE. fJIo o.D:He IITMu;H co CBOl1MH pO,1UiTeMMM nepBoe BpeMSi
Ha HOTfD BosBparqaIDTcR B nOce eHMe, saTeM e aTcR IIO 6eperaM
6JIR3 exal1.!MX Bo oeMOB, Ha Mecax M peEe B CTeIDl ITocTelIesHo,
C YBeJUlTfeHMeM TfHCJIa IIO BmMXCR Ha RpUJIO IIT1l:q,RO OHJi!!R paclIa-
.n;aeTCR. Bspoc ue IITMQU C MO O.Il,blMH IITeH M1l nOCTeneHHO HaTfMHa-
lOT BeCTM 6pO,Il,B1:IYID EMSH:b, Roqyn no ,Il,o aM peR H OSepH.bIM ROT-
OBMHaM. KOTfeBRM He MM€IJT RCHO BupaEeHHoro HalIpaMeHM.
ITo ,Il,aHHUM KOJIDqeBaHM.fl MOEHO CY,1UiT:b He TOJILRO 0 nyTRX ROqe-
BOR M IIpo eTa, HO M 0 npo:nO.1IJltRTeRDHOCTl1 EMSHR, CMepTHOCTH H
pacce eHHM aHH01'O BMa 11 T..n;. HalIpMMep, IIO aHHblM T.IT.meBape-
BOa [30], nOTeH@aJIDHaR IIpO O.1IJltRTeRDHOCTL JltHSHM osepHoi! qafiRM
18-25 eT. CMepTHOCT:b, no aHHUM B03BpaTOB Ro eu Ha IIepBOM
1'O 1ItHSHH, - 38,3%, BTOpoM - 27,5%, TpeTLeM - 21,5%, 'ieTBep-
TOM - 21,8%, IIRTOM - 22,8%, meCTOM - 28,0%, ce MOM - 26,5%,
BOCLMOM - 36,1%, ,Il,eB.flTOM - 33,8%, eCRTOM - 44,3%-: MaRC1lMSRD-
HO saperMCTpl1pOBaHHHi BospacT 16 eT [34].
BURCHeHHR IIOC e1'HeS OBWC KOTfeBOR M rryTel IIepe eTa Ha
os.BaAHasap-Rona OKORDI'(OBBHO 404 IITeHI'(a (2-12-;lI,HeBH.bIe) osepaol!
TfaaRM, MS ROTOpWC 36 MeqeHH 1-8 MID.1lIi 1969 1'., III - c 20 MaR
no 3 11lOHR 19'70 r. H 257 - C 29 MaR IIO 16 MIOHR. ITo.nyqeHO qeTU-
pe B03BpaTa: nTeHeq, ORORDqoBaHHHI I MJOJIJl 1969 1', 06UT I.IX.
1969 r. Ha Hp CROM Bo oxpaH1lJIHWe OpeHoyprcRoA 06 acTH;
IITeHeI'(, MeqeliH.Wi 4 11IJBR 1970 r., 06HT I5.XI.I9'70 r. Ha o.I'!m-
RMH I<acndcItoro MOPR (HapHMaHoBcRMi! paiOH, .AcTpaxaHCRa2 od-
aCTL); TfaiRa, ORO LqoBBHHaR 29 Mafl 19'70 r., 06HTS 2O.XI.
121
19?I 1'. 6 KS 1';.lI;y60BKa (p Bo 1'a) BOJII'Orpa CROa OOJIaCTH; IITe-
He:q, Meq€ 16 MIOHR 1971 r., oTcTpe eH 19 1X.1971 r. B MR-
P.fIHMHCROM pai!oHe ACTpaxaHcRo:a 06 acTM. BosBpaTli Ro eQ IIOKaSli-
BaBJT, qTO MO O.IUle qaj!u IIOCJIe He60RD!Il'I!x ROqeBOR Bli611paJJ;H ce-
Bepo-3alIa oe HaIIpa eHMe Ii eTe Ha ceBep RacnHaCR01'O MOpa.
B HaYPsYMcKoM sanoBe e osepHlie TfaaRM ePEBTc B He-
ROToplie 1'o.zu,r o e.n.ocTaBa. HanpHMep, B 1967 r. OHM OTMeTfaJIHC:L
o 20 Ho.a6p.a, B 1968 1'. o 1-2 ORT 6p.a, B 1969 r o 12 ORTR6-
p.a, B 1970 1". o 22 ceHTR6p.a.
HeOo bmoe Tfl1C O S1lMYID X TfaeR HaO .n.a ocL HaMM B eRao..
pe 1967 r. 11 B RHBape 1968 r. Ha E96MHCRO:a Roce Ka.1IMbl:qKoro
II06epeJKDR RaCIIM [21 J.
JIVITEPATYPA
1. A B E 0 B a K.B. CYTOTfHaR aRTMBHOCTL TfaMROBbIx nTMQ
B q€PHOMOPCROM M PBl1HCROM sanOBe l1R8X _ BecT.MocR YH-Ta,
rrOTfBOB€.n;€Hne, 1972, }f! 2, c.25-29.
2. A B n 0 B a K.B. 3Ro oro-MO 0 0I'J'JTfeCRMe oc06eHHoc-
™ 1' a3a a RoBux: FyRonncb Ra aTcROn .Il,McCepTa J'J, 1973.
3. E 0 0 T H n K 0 B A.M., K a 11 H n H C.C. BpeMB
OTRJIa.n;RI1 .fIJ'JI{ J'J xapaKTep HaCIDKMBaHH.fI B 8TOT rrepno.n. y qaI1KOBWC
(Laridae ). - B RH.: IHe3.n;oBGR EM3HI. rrTMq, TI€PML, r975, c.64-
69.
4. B a C n b e B B.M. K DJITaHMID Larus ridibundus L.,
Sterna hirundo L., Colwnbus sri status L. 1'1 MX pO.JTh B PU6HOM
XOS.fl CTB€ A3ep6aH,Il,maHa. - 13B./Alf A3ep6.CCP, cep.6MO .HaYR,
}f! 6, 1967, c.60-65
5. B 0 q a H e :q R'J'J M.t. K OpHl1TO aYHe Bo. cKo-Ypa-
LCROll CTGDM. - TP./H.VI.30o oro-6EO 01'.l1H_T, 1937, T.4, C€pl1.R
8Ro orHE, c.21-81.
6. r 11 e B Ii q A.A. CMep'I'HOCTn rrTeH OB o3epHo qaMRI1
B e.r.hTe p.Ce €HrM Ha Ea RD €. - B ItH.: Ce L a.fl BcecoID3HBR
opm1'rOJIOnlQeCIWR IWHqJ€peHrUii.fl. qaCT:b I. Te 3 ..I(OIUI. 27-30 ceHTRO-
pH 1977 1'., qepI{aCCbI, H3l!-BO AH YCCP, I{J'JeB "HaYIWBa .n;yMRB",
1977, c.227-228.
7. e M € H T :b e B r.IT. OTPR.II, qaHKh. _ B RH.: ITTMJ
COB€TCKOrO COID3a, M.: Con.HaYR8, r951, 1'.3, C. 373-603.
8. 0 JI I' Y ru J'J H .A. IT1'ETlU 3axc1'aHD. _ AnMa-ATa:
M3.n.-BO AH 11238xcR.GCP, 1962, T.2. _ 779 C.
122
. -, eT BO.IJ..f!HblX H npK6pexmwc nTH:q Ha
9; E K M H K.w. llpo B KH . BOBOCTM 0pHnTOJIOrl1M,
osepax Hayp3YMcRoro sanOBe.TI.ID1Ra. - . .
a-ATa, 1965, c.13I-I33. allHa OpeH6yprcKoro
U H A OpHl1TOJIOrMQeCKaR
ID. 3apyrouu'l .. 57
RpaR. - 3armcRl'l/AH CITO, 1888, T.. 0 .n; 0 B IO.A. aRo orM-
3 6 aRM H B.A., C a MOp
II Y CT K nTeHqoB TfepHOW KpaTfRlJ.
SM CH1lJK6HM.fI CMepTHO
QecKI'lIi M€X8HI1 ". ) II n RO OID1aJI:bHOM 1'He3.n;OBaHnK.
( Chlidonias nigra n gra L. p 11 8BOJIlO OHRbIM acneK-
(llepBoe BceCOI03H COBem no 8KO O qeCRMM 1972 C 147-I48
X ) - rlf: uaYRa, ,.
TaM ITOBe eHMR JKBBOTHH.., M ' K Pac IT 0 n 0 B
IO A> K P Y M M H a ..,
I2 M C a K 0 B .., eHHo Qa RH (Larus ridi-
M ll. MaTepHa bI no 8RO OrHJ'J 06lOOi P.MOCROB:&R H MOCROBCKOa 06-
b d ue) .-B RH.: OqepRl'l npMpo.zu,r
un 47 670 74"
aCTM MS.n;-BO MOMIT, 19 , C. - . B M IT' 0 IIoTpe6JIe-
' KrA M Pac IT 0 IT 0 . .
13 M caR 0 B.. 6 p BOHaMM pe HO Tfa RB
IIlHMHC.fI. meH:qaMK M 8M 933
HHH Ee TRa.BliB€ _ eTeHL soonapKoB M 300ca.I(OB, I ,
(Larue rid bundus ).
7, c.32-37. pe YO OHl11l 06HRHOBeHHO Tfa . RH
14 JI H l' p. 0 CTpYRTY n AH r::>
. M. O-Ba eCTeCTBOKCITbIT. vCT.
( " d " bun dus L. ). F}Ke1'o,II,HMR
I,arus r .
CCP, 1965, 57, c.196-206. K . TfeHMID OXOTHM%1'lX pai1oHoB o8ep-
r5. M 11 X M H B.E. SY 1963 BbIll 63 c.II-r4.
Ir pLKOBCR YH-T, , .,
HO qaaRH. - YTf.san. 0 lO HO'llJoe TIOBe.n;eHMe HeRoTopliX
16. C a MOp 0 0 B .. BecT MocR YH Ta, 6BO ., ITOTf-
qa KOBbIX KycTaHa cROa 06JIaCTM. - . .
6 1971, c.22-26., IT
BOBe.n.€Hl1e" lO A HOqHOe nOBe.n;eHl1e aeK. - PH-
17. C a MOp 0 .n; 0 B ..
pO.I(a, 1973, I, c.88-9O. I (} A qa KOBbIe HeKOTOpbIX Bo.n;oeMOB
18 C a MOp 0 .n. 0 B ..
. /KoJIOHMa.JThHbIe I'Hes.n;OB:bR
CeBepH01'O IW3axcTaHa MaTep.cOBem. 19 75 C 96-97
M HX oxpaHa, HaYRB, ,. .
OROJIOBO.n.aHX IITM IO A ITnnaMMRB l1C eHROCTM a Ro-
I9 C MOp 0 .u. 0 B .. AXJJl )
. a JKa p KOJI:b (HaypsYMCIWi1 3alIoBe,IJ;HMR .-
bIX 1'He3 XC.fI. Ha osepe Ii HX OX-
B , IKo oHMa LHHe 1'He3.n;OBbR OKO OBO,IJ;HbIX IITMq
MaTeIY. COBem.
paHa, HaYRa, 1975, c.97-99. IO A 3 Y 6 a R H H B.A ROTfROe
20. C a MOp 0 .n; 0 B T; ., R CMMnOSMYMJ: AHa saTopHble
nOB€.I(eHMe TfaaKOBbIX nTK . (Ma p. ) _ MOMIT 1971, c.930-
CHCTeMli M opMeHTaQaoHHoe nOBe.n.eH1le IITMn . ,
94.
123
21: C a MOp 0 0 B ID A., C a MOp 0 0 B A B
oSm"yJOUUie IITHIU>I RaJIMliKHM. BecT.MoCIV.YH-'l'a, cep.dRo 01'., IIOTfBo-
Be eHMe, 6, 1969, 'e.39-43
22 C R P e 6' M R 11 I r.A OTHOmeHMe TfaaRH R I'Hes ,
mtItaM 11 n'l'eH:qaM. - B RH.: Pe eRCI:l, HHCTIDiRTI:l 11 HaBliK1I, M.;
JI , 1936, c.139-1'74.
23 C R P e 6 11 It R 11 a r .A. I1syqeHHe IIOBe eHHR II'l'l1:q B
IIepnO,It rHeS OBaHH.fI' -HaYTfHO_MeTO.nMtj. saIIMCRB./ ROMI1T. no sarrOBe-
.miI1K8.M. M. ,I13JJ;-BO I{OMMTeTa no sanOBe.IUIHKaM, BIm.3, 1939, c.49-
64
24. C R P e 0 E R 11 H r A BnRRHne xapaRTepa 1'HeS o-
BEa ROJIOHHH Ha IIOBe eHne ee eHOB. - HaYTfHO-Me'l'O Tf.saIIMCRM/
r ynp no saIIOBe RaM, M., MS -BO MMET. IIO salIoBe KaM.
1940, BW'. '7, C 129-13'7.
25. C Y m R 11 H IT n. ITTHItH Cpe.IUIeii RBprEscROii CTeIIM (Typ-
ralcRaR 06 acTL M BocTOQHaR qaCTL Ypa bcROa) _ B RH : MaTep.
R nosH.WaYHI:l M cIuropl:l Pocc.l1Mn , 1908, Bw 8, OT "SOO 01'., M..
26 Tam H e B A O. OPHl1TO OrHTfecRHe ROMnJIeRCI:l IDro-
BoCTOTfHOH TypRMeH1l11. - Amxa6a , "U1IHM", 19'73. _ 242 C.
2'7. 0 p M 0 S O.B A.H. MaTepl1aJIIi R SRO 01'EH BO.D:.f!HbIX
IITEIt no Ha6 JO,IteHHRM Ha osepax 1'oc.HaYPsYMcRoro s8nOBe.ItHl1Ra
(CeB.RasaxcT8H). - 13 RH.: IIaMRTE M A.MeHS611pa, 193'7, C. 551-
595.
28. q e L , 0 B - E e 6 Y T 0 B A.M. HCTpe6 eHEe nTH-
ItaMR nepe eTHo11 C8p8HTfJ'J .-Tp./ MH-T 1'€01'paqiIDi AH CCCP, M ,
1953, T.54 (MaTep. no 6M01'paqiHR CCCP, Tf.l)
29. ill a H 8 A.. 1[ H R H C R a C P. 0 1'Hes.n;oB8HID1
OS€PHOH qaaER B C€BepO-BOCTOqHOH .lU'JTB€.-B RH.: lVIaTepI1a IX
ITpM68 TMHCR.OPHMTO .ROHqi., HroC. 19'76, c.26'7-269.
30. ill e B ape B 8 T.IT. IToTeH:qH8JII.HaR n pe8.T HaR rrpo-
O HTeJILHOCTL XHSHH IITEIt B IIPEpo.n;e. - B RH.: BTopaR Bc€COIOS-
HaR OPHHTO 01'MTf.ROHqi. 18-25 8Br.ycTa 1959 1'., Tesl1cu J.!;ORJI.
MS -BO MT'Y, 1959, RH.2, c.19-2O.
31. ill n PRe B C.C. ITHTaHEe HeROTopbIX BH.ItOB qaMROBI:lX.
- B RH.: HOBOCTl1 opHnTO OI'ID1, MMa-ATa, HaYRa, I{as.AH CCP,
1965.
32. ill H nTH Jd E 0 B B.H. ITTI1D.bI ceMHpetj R. _ M ; JI.,
MS -BO AH CCCP, 1949. - 665 C.
r24
.. ( Larus
h"ede von Silbermowe
man G. Untersc 1
33. B erg ". ( fo' fuscus) in Leben-
) d Heringsmowe Larus
a. argentatus un Die Vogelwarte, B.16, H.1.
sweise und Stemme. 1951. M t lity in the Black-
J J M Cox C.J. or a
34. Flegg . . ., 8 N II 1975 437-449.
"B"t Birds" 6, " d
headed Gull. rl. , i " and spacing of broo s
o n I.J. T mlng
35. Pat t e r s 0d"bundus "Ibis", 107, N 4,
in the black-headed gull Larus rl 1 .
1965, 433-459. DO Lachmowe (Larue ridinbun-
tic h man n W. le 3
36. S "J Otnithol", 106, N ,
) 1 N ahrun g sschmarotzer .
dus L. a s
1965 3'18-323.
, N Adaptive features of
37. Tin b erg e n Proc 16. Int. Orne
headed gull Larus ridibundue., .
1967, 43-59. N B roe k h u Y s e n G.J.,
38. Tin b erg en., J C W K r u uk H.,
u h ton ...,
Fee k e IS F., Hog 1 b the black-headed gull, La-
F ED" g shell remova y B
S r u 1 c . c ". nent of camouflage, e-
rus ridibundulS L., a behavl0ur compo
haviour, 19, 1962, 74-117.
the black-
Congo ,
125
H.M.JIHTBJ'JHOB
K BOIWOC'Y ? 113Y1:IEHHH OCTPOBHbIX 3KOCMCTE
BHVIPEHlU1X BO'TOEMOB
OCTpOBa BHYTpeHHJ'JX BO.n;QeMOB B
qeHbJ' c a60. TaKoe rrO OEeHl1 6EO 01'I1TfeCKOM OTHOllieHHI1 HSY-
Il!eCTByeT He TO bKO Y Hac ' CYM IIO JUjTepaTypHHM .naHHbIM, ey-
B cTpaHe HO 11
qaIDTCH pa60TH nOCBH eHHbJ'e ' BO BceM Mllpe. BCTpe-
8KO 01'1111 OT.n;e bHHX Bll TI OB O HSyqeHHro Bl1.noBoro CocTaBa BOTHHX.
uMTaTe eM 8THX P C
B ROTOpHX .n;aBanac H TpOBOB. Pa60TH Ee
D ULII o eHKa 6MOre01' p alf, ,
Hace eHER TaKHX OCT p OB O MqeCREX oc06eHHocTeM
B, e.1U1HVlQHH a rry 6
OCBelIianVlcb 6H pe3Y TaTH EX 6 ' l1K J'J, B KOTOpHX
TOPY He V13BeCTHH. V10reO[{eHOTJ'JQeCR01'O V13YQeHI1R, aB-
M3yqeHMe OCTpOBHHX 61'!OreOu;eH030B "
Hee I1HTepeCHO II B H O BHJTpeHHI1X Bo.noeMOB He Me-
, qeM V13YQeHVle 6l1ore
11 MaTepl1KOBbIX OCT p OB OB T 0 eH030B oKeaHJ'JqeCRHX
. aRl1e BOITpOCH Ra
rry M BOTHHX 11 P acTe H " ' R BCRpuTJ'Je CBR3eM ITO-
, Xl1lIiHJ'JKOB VI Ee p T
Tell IIpO.n:yWJpOBaHl1R 6110" e BH, 3aKOHOMepHOC-
4 H030B, oco6eHHOCTe
H30 V1pOBaHHbJX rro rry TIITTm 6 II JKI13He.neRTe bHOCTl1
J ,ll VI 110reO[{eH030
rrpo ecca, C ycrrexoM MorYT 6bTTb 113 B, Ml1Rp08Bo'IIrolJ;JJOHHoro
Bo.noeMOB. eHbI Ha OCTpOBax BHYTpeHHl1X
MeTo.n;I'J.Ka ::JKOCl1CTeMHbTX l1cc e.noB"fU'J"
(OKeaHMQeCKl1e, MaTepl1KOBHe 11 OCTc'OB M Ha Bcex TVlrrax OCTpOBOB
l(O.;'):CHB (jUT]) e7(LH!O;i I'IuO ., w , .p. . BHyTpeHHVlX BOJ1,OeMOB)
, e.n:_,llh u3hOiIO,,:CPH08"",j """'" '."
OCTPOBHbIX 8IWCI1CTe!J. -, '.!oJ ,Lq:'.,}HLlpOB8mJi']
OCTpOBa BHyTpeHHI1X Bo.noeMOB IT 11 BC
.naIDT pR.nOM 06lIil1X Xa p aK Tep u CT p eM I'J.X pa3HOo6pa3I'J.11 06 a-
..1 Lm, r a BHaH L13
OHH HaXO,1I,.RTCR Ha He6 o TI "' UIO " pac ROTOpblX, - QTO Bce
JiD , . CTOHHl1l1 OT W
K TOMy Ee 60 blliHHCTBO BHyTpe J TepI1KOBOrO 6epera.
Harnell cTpaHe) 3aMe p 3aro T '"'_ .HHI1X Bo.noeMOB (BO BCHROM cJryqae B
. wleJ1,OBaTe bHO CTen
H113MOB Ha OCTpoBax BHyTpe ' eBb 1130 RWJZ opra-
Roe cpaBHeHHe co CTeneHbroH=: O)J,oeMOB He o eT I1.n;Tl1 HI1 B Ka-
: e: : : : ° T c a :r R POBOB- BHyTPe::x H:o, : :a: O ::: ;B:epo-
. ,Bce OCTpOBa EaMKan 6
BepTHqHOM rreplw.ne [2J. a 0 pa30B&'II1Cb B qeT-
PRGcMaTpllBaeMble OCTpoBa o6IIa alOT
RJ'JMJ'J oco6eHHOCTRMI1. HaUB1MI1 ',.n HeRoTopbIMLI 6L101'eorpaq:llqec-
l1CC e.noBaHI1HMI1 Ha EaMRane rro.nTBep-
126
w eHa .n;aBHo 113BeCTHaH B OCTpOBHOM 6MOre01'paqJlll1 3aROHOMepHocrb
o IIp.a:MO 3aBHCl1MOCTl1 KO HqeCTBa BH.nOB JKI1BOTHbJ'X (MU H3yqanl1
TO bKO Ha3eMHHX rr03BOHOqHHX) OT pa3Mepa oCTpoBa pasHoo6pa-
3J'JH 8RO 01'MqeCKHX YC OBHll Ha HeM. EoraTCTBO qJaYHH rr qTH He 3a-
BMCHT OT y.naneHllfl OCTpOBa OT MaTepMROBoro 6epera. aTa 3aROHO-
MepHOCrb crrpaae,nRZBa, BepOHTHO, Bcex BHyTpeHHI1X Bo.n;oeMOB,
CXO.n;HHX rro pa3MepaM C EailRanOM. 06 CHHeTCfl OHa TeM, qTO pac-
CTOHHI'J.fl, C ROTOpHNrn TIpl1XO.nl1TC HMeTb .ne o, BO BnyTpeHHJ'JX BO.nO-
eMax Bo06 e HeBe KM.
B OCTpOBHbJ'X rrony flX *EBOTHHX Ha6 ro.naeTCfl rrOBHllieHHe HS-
MeaqZBOcTH. HHTepeCHO, qTO COXpaHHIDTCfl HSMeHeHRfl, RBHO He l1Me-
IOrnRe a.narrTl1BHOM u;eHHOCTH. TaR, Ha OCTpOBax YryHI'O H EOpaRQRH
.nOBOBbHO BeJUjR rrpOneHT qaCTl1QHHX XpOMHCTOB cpe ropHHx rro e- .
BOR. B OT.neJIbHHe ro.nH OH .n;OCTl1raeT 12.5%. Ha Y1'ynroe Y HHX,
KpoMe Toro, OTMeqeHH OT OHeHl1fl B CTpOeHl1ll KopeHHbIx 3y60B, KOp-
pe l1pyromHe C oKpacKo . Ha o.EOPaRqI1H .n06 Ta rOpHaH IIo eBKa C
6eJIHM IIHTHOM Ha 1'O OBe (neiKI1Ha, rro E.A.KysHenOBY, [1]). AHo-
M H B paclIo o*eHHH 11 qJopMe mHTKOB orrl1CaHH B rrorry nHR ysop-
qaT 01'0 IIO 03a C O.O bXOH [3,47.
YCTaHO eHO, qTO IIo eBKZ Ha oCTpoBax 3aHEMRroT 60 ee lliEpO-
Kyro ::JKo Orl1QecRyro HHUIy, qeM Ha MaTepl1Re (sTa 3aROHOMepHocTb
rrO eqeHa . 8ROM [5)1,RHM 38HZMaIDT HecBoMcTBeHHHe HM CTanHl1.
TaR, rro eBKa-aKOHOMKa Ha o.EaKnaHbeM 06HTaeT Ha OM, 3a-
60 OqeHHOM 6epery M Ha RpYTHX OCTeIIHeHHbJ'X C OHax. aTa *B rro-
eBRa EEBeT Ha CYXOM' CTeIIHOM oCTpoBe EO blliOa TOMHI1R 11 Ha 6es-
BO.n;HHX OCTeIIHeHHYX C OHax OCTpOBOB MoxaaTHK KH TH1'eK 11 ro j
KwrTHI'eR. KpacHo-cepaJI IIo eBKa Ha 'b .baK aHbeM - 0611TaTeJIb ec-
HYX 6110TOIIOB - H HaCenReT, KpoMe Toro, KaMeHHCTye pOCCYIIH,
rryCTOTH Me RaMHHME 11 T.rr. aTa *e rro eBKa HaM.neHa Ha cOBep-
meHHO cyxzx BepmHHax OCTpOBOB EO lliOK TofiHHK E ManH TOaHRK.
c e.noBaHHe Bcex oc06eHHocTefi OCTpOBHHX rrorryJIflUl1M c e.nyeT
He TOmbKO rrpo.nO TL, HO H pacmzpflTb. He06xo.nl1MO TIl!aTe bHoe
I1syqeHHe BHYTPI1BR.nOBOi CI1CTeMaTHRl1 OCTpOBHHX JKI1BOTHHX, H60,no
B.r.rerrTHepy, l1syqeHze rro.nBH.nOB - "rOHKI1H 3001'eOrpaqJl1qeCKl1M
l1HCTPYMeHT".
MHorHe BonpOCH, CM3aHHHe C qJopWlpOBaHl1eM H J!W.3He.ne.a:TeJTh-
ROCTbID 1130 pOB8HHbJ'X rrorry fi, MOXHO BHflCHHTb rrpl1 113yqeHHH
OCTpOBOB, pacrrO OEeHHHX B Bo.noeMax C peSKO Ko e6 IDmzMCR YPOB-
12?
HeM BO,W,J, B 'tIaCTHOCTH, B Tex, 1',n;e OHH nepHO,n;WIecIDI ITOJIHOCTI,I{)
K1IH 'tIaCTWIHO SaTOnJIHIOI'CH. CROPOCT:b sace.neH1'JH OCTpoBa, ROTOpuf1
6H JIOJIHOCT:b!O 3a.TOllJIeH, pa WIHbIMH Bli,I(aMH, Sa.KOHOMepHOCTH <PoP-
MHpoBaHIm IIonyJI.ffwrf1 n MX nHaMl'JKa -. BOT ,IJ,aJIeRO He IIOJiliIlli IIepe-.
'tIeH:b BonpoCOB, KOTopbIe JK.IJYT CBOe1'O paapellleH1:Ifl.
O'tIeH:b BaJKHa npo6JreMa XOS.a:MCTBeHH01'O nCnOJI:D30BaBRff OCTpoB-
HbIX 8ROCMCTeM. JIIC6bIe ctoPMbI xos.a:!1:cTBeHHof1 ,n;e.a:Te HOCTM Ha OCT-
poBaX .u;OJDKHbI OCYlljeCTBJIHTl>CH BeCI.Ma OCTOpruKHO. Oco6eHHO 8TO Ra-.
caeTCH He60JII.illMX OCTpoBOB. AH8.Jl1'J:S MaTepnan:OB IIO npnpo,n;onOJI:D30-'
BaHHIO Ha O.O XOH 1'OBOpl'IT 0 TOM, 't1oro nOJIHOCTLIO IICTpe6HTI. OCT-
POBHY!O nony .F1WOO T01'O WIn HHoro JKl'IBOTHoro O't1eHI. elliO, IIODTOp-
Hoe JKe BCeJ1eHl'Ie HC Tpe6 eHHOI'O Bl'I.IJ,a MOJKeT II He npOIISOf1TII. TaR,
Ha O.OJIDXOH 6um1 IIC'l'pe6JreHbI BO , cM6HPCIiaJI KOCYJI.ff, Mapan:,
.D;Popa; Ha BCex OCTpOBaX Eafucan:a rrepeCTan: rHeS;D;HTl>CH 60 lllof1
OORJIaR. Co BpeMeHl'I YHl'I'ITOJKeHRff ROCY M npOillJIO He MeHee 30 eT,
MapaJIa - 15, II, HecMOTpFI Ha TO, 't1TO Ha 6m1jKaJJ:rrmXqaCT.HX MaTe-
pMROB01'O 6epera 8TH Bl'I,IJ,bI OObI'tllIH, O.O XOH OHl'I He SaCeJIJIIOT.
PeaKRJIEMaTIISatUffi l'ICTpe6JreHHbIx Ha OCTpo:sax JKI1:BOTHbIX BnOJIHe ,n;o-.
nycTIIMa II RpaHHe JKeJIaTeJI:bHa. O.n;HaKO Ha,n;o peilllITeJI:DHO npeceRaTI.
nOllliTRII rffiTpO.n;yKrmn Ha OCTpoBa JlICObIX Bli,I(OB JKID30THLIX (II pg.c-.
TeHl'It1), O:cwoe OOHTaJme KOTOpbIX Ha HIDe He YCTaHOB eHO. En:Ba-illM
Ha,n;o ,n;OKaSbIBaTL, 't1TO npoCTbIe, HelffiCbIlljeHHue OMo:qeH03bI OCTpOBOB
MoryT nOHeCTII HeBOCIIOJIHl'IMbIM ypOH OT aKRJIMMaTM3aHTOB.
Pa3Bl'ITMe Bcex OTpaCJIet'r ce Clwro X03HMCTBa Ha OCTpO:sax ;u,o _.
JKJW llJIaHnpOBaTLCR C yqeToM CPYHKI1;HOHa.JThHLIX B03MOatHocTei1 OCTpoB-'
HhIX SROCIICTeM. 3ac5BeIDIe 3TOi'0 npaBITJIa npID30,n;ll'l' It rre't1aJrLHHM ITO-.
c e,n;CTBl'IRM l'I ,n;Jm caMoro X03JIMCTBa II ;IT,7IJI npnpO,n;bI OCTpOBa. lip-.
mIff STOMY npnMep -. ,n;eJI'I'e HOCTI. OB CBo,n;qeCRoro COBX03a Ha
O.OJIDXon. B 1969 r. (rO}1; opraJ!l'I3au,IDI) COBX03 I1MeJI 6,6 Tblc.oBe .
I{ HaCTOJIlljm.'\)'" BpeMem1 rrorO OB:&e HX Y;D;BOM.JJOC:& If npo,n;0JD!(2.eT pac-.
'I'H, B TO JKe Bl1eMH npO;IT,yI{TI1B1fOCTL HeYRJIOHHO CHlDI{(leTCH, a ce6e-.
CTOllMOC'r:& npO.IJYIW;LIM YBGJIlf'fID3aeTCJI. BeJIMK rra,n;eJK J!:I'!BOTHbIX. HU3-.
RaH npO;n;yRTMBROCT:& n eJOJlbillOti na,n;ejit OcYbJICHHIO'fCH r aB1!L!!,1 oopa-.
30M rr oxo:iI IWplv10BOi1 oa30E. YpotKaiiHOC'l':& CYXIIX O XOHCIG1X CGHO-'
IWCOB n nacT6nlli O'IeH:& HM3Ea, II! 06eCIIeTfeHHOCTL OBGl1; lwpMaWI
paBHa Bcero JllilIJ1, 25,: -43 ,556. CYIflecTDy/ollPH Ha.I'}JY3R8. Ha nacT6I1-'
H18. 3HaLIHTe IIO npeBblI!IaeT ,n;orrYCTMMYro, LITO, B CBOIO O't1epe;n;s.' npM-.
128
BQ.u;MT K pa3pymeHJi1IO naCTOM1l1, iiYI'y6JI.ffeMo MY HX .:>eCCMCTeMHbIM MC-'
nO 30BaHl'IeM. B pesy TaTe Ha. MeCTe BOCTpe OBblX M TMINaKOBWC
cTenefi :pa3Bl'IBaKYI'CH BTo:pM't1HbIe XOJIo,n;HonO HHbIe M TBep.n;OBaTOOCO-
KOBble accormau::tm. OCOOeHHO yrpOiKaJOlItHX pa3MepOB "CROT060i1:" .u;o-
CTwaeT. B6m13M HaCeJIeHH1:lX nymcToB M Romap. 3,IJ;ec:b IIOHBJIRIOTCJI
06Ha.1KeHHbIe IIecKl'I, lIJIOll\a;n;L KOTOpbIX BCe BOspacTaeT. .IJ.a.m,Hefunee
y:BeJIWIelme II01'OJIOBI.H DBe CTaBHT rro,n; yrposy CaMO CYll\eCTBOBa-
H1'Ie peJIl'IICTOBbIX O XOHCI{lJ.X CT eII eM .
rpoMa.n;HID1 Yll\ep6 OCTpoBHbIM SROCMCTeMaM MorYT HaHeCTM TypMC-
TH M OT WCaIOlI!l'Ie. MH01'O ne'tI8JII.HWC c e,n;OB JiIX ",n;eHTeJILHOCTM" He-
CYT OaJiRan:LCKl'Ie oCTpoBa. aTO M sacopeHHbIe 6l'ITHM CTeRJIOM IlJIJI-
JKM, M OCTaHKl'I pq.CCTpeJI.f!HHbIX llTm.J;, 11 cPy6 eHHbIe .u;epeBM, n, Ha-
I{OHe:q, eCH1:le IIOXiapH. HeROHTpoJIHpyeMID1 Ty:pMSM, CTO.f!HKR OT;ru,rxa-
IOll\MX Ha OCTpOBax, oco6eHHo MeJIKRX, He,n;onycTID.1bl.
JIMTEPATYPA
I. I{ y 3 H ego B B.A. BOSMOJKHOCTL npRMeHeHRa saROHa
rOMO 01'R €CR1:IX p.fl;D;OB aRa eMHRa H.H.EaB OBa B M3YTfeHHH Ha-
C e,IJ;CTBeHHof1 H3MeHTfHBOCTH M eRODHTaIDlliHX. - B RH.: Tp.ll Bce-
COI03.COB. no Mn€ROIIHTaIDlIiaM (Tes. ORJI.). M., 1975, c.10-13.
2. JIaMaRHH B.B. HeoT6RToHHKa Ea RaRDCRO BIIa . - M.;
HaYRa, 1968. - 245 C.
3. JI 11 T B 11 HOB H.M. SMeH OCTpOBa OJn.XOH - llPHPO-
,IJ;a, 1959, 5 8, c.116-117.
4. JI M T B H HOB H.R., ill B e 0 B D.r. 3aMeTRM 0
pacnpOCTpaHeHHH Ii SRO OrH.H seMHOBO,IUibIX 11 npeCMHRaIDII!HXCJi TIPH-
6a RaJID.a. - MSB./ MpRyTCrodI C-X. MH-T, 1967, BHII.25, c.232-
243.
5. Lac k D. The numbers of bird species on islands
"Bird study" N-4, 1969.
129
A.To H, B.C.Ca KOE, B. .ITunoB
I{ <I>AYHE ITT11i.\ MEJKrOPHblX KOTJIUBVlH CEBEPO-BOCTOtIHOI'O 3AEAVJ.1CAJIbH
aYHa nT KOT OE H CeEepo-BoCTOqHOrO 3a6aMKa I.fl 3YGeHa
aneKO He OCTaTOqHO. mCc eAOBaH fl, npOBU MUC TaM [23, 8, II,
16, 26, 6, 25] , 6u 11 HpaTlwEpeMl:HHLIMIl . He OTn qan C:b nonHoToti
C60pOE.
MHoronOTHPJe CTa WOHapHue Ha6 IO eH fl Ha CCBepHOM EaHKane II
B BepXHe-AHrapCK011 1\OTnOBl1He E 1972-1978 rr. 11 }J;nI1Ten:bHble ::m-
ClIeAIIlL\vIOHHbJe II1ccne.l(OBaH fl B Myi1ClW11 11 4apCIw11 KOTnOBII1HaX (1975-
1977 rr.) n03BOJIl1n11 HaM YTOqH T:b COCTaE nTII SToro o eH1) cnOJ!t-
Horo II Manoll3YQCHHOrO per OHa. OCTaTO HO CK83aTI., QTO nfl Hall-
60nee !l!3yqeU!!oti, BepXHe-AHrapCKoii, KOT OBl1HbJ EnepElJ/e OTMe eHU
12 BV'! OB, 113 1\OTOpHX npe CTaBnfilOT IUlTepec: a311aTCKl111 6eKfiCO-
B .l(HbJti BepeTeliHilK, C aH.l(CKM11 neCOqllMK, 30nOTilCTafl p aHKa,
TOJICTOI\nIOBUti syeK, MOpCK011 3yel', TOllI\Onanblii neCoqmm, uumo-
KnIOBKa, neCHOM .l(ynenb, qerpaBa, qepHOmeVlHafi noraHKa.
B MytolCl\oii l\UTJIOBMHe BnepBble HaVI eH 21 Bl1;z(. HaM60JIee MH-
TepecHu M3 H IX - nopyqei,HMK, 60JI:bUlOVI BepeTeHHl1I\, q11611c, TYPYX-
TaH, TOJICTOKJIIOBUti 3yel\, anbHeBOCTOqHblVI KpoHUlHen, KpoHUlHen-Ma-
JIIOTKa, 6eJIOK])hlJIafi l'paGKa, MaJIaH qahHa, KpaCHOrOJIOBbiti Hl-JPOl;,
KpacHometH8fl noraHKa, cepo eKafl noraHKa, nacTymoK, norOHblUl-
KpOUlKa, cKB pe , ranl\a, cu ilia, y}J;O .
.1lJIfJ lJ:apcKo11 IWTJIOBl1HbJ BnepBue OTldeGeHO 33 BIt1 a nTI1 : l\pac-
HOUle11Hafl noraHKa, CTepx, 6YPOl\phIJlb.f! p alma, Manb/11 3yeH, }'J611c,
l\paCH, 030011l\ nOPJ ct!HI"m, MOP0}J;YHI\8, ropHblti yneJTh, l;epe6pl1CTaf!
a l\a, MOXHOHOrl1ti RypraHHI1l\, Ma blW nOAOpJII1l\, ep6HI1R, YUlacTafl
C Dna, OUlchH111\OBblW RpaClIOHocu11 311MOpO OK, Tae Haf! MYXOJlOBKa,
1KGJlT06ponafl 11 upacHoyxafl OBCfiHIi:l1, tU>1it, 3hOJUII\, }J;epCBdHCKaf! 11
rop07 Clmf! JraCTOI-llm, j!(eJITOCnI1HHafl TpHCUI''y3Im, l\panl1BHYlK, .l(p03 -
pa611HHlll\, CPJ6 pCKai l'! RpaCH06pIOXaf! rop 1XBOCTRl1, C11111111 COJIOEeM
11 COJIOBeti-CBl1CT.YH, neHOqy.a-Te OBRa, OObly.HOBeHHblti CRBope , no-
r OHbJUl-Kp OUll\a.
MEI n1JvUJO}J; IM MaTi;pl1iJ.JlbI no Ha1100JIee I1HTopeCHbM HaXO}'(KaM
nTl1 B Ce£cpo-BOCTOtlllOM 3UOa111tc\J1be.
C e p 0 m e l\ a f! nor a H l\ a. Xapal\T p pacnpOCTpaHe-
Hllf! BOCTOQHO!ii cepO t;;KOW Duramm B fIp116ai1KaJlbe COBepUlOHHO He
130
rloeli. lIo r.IT . eMeHueBY [IcJ, ee apeaJI C DOC TOEa }J;OXO;L\I1T JIVlli1I.
O 6acceLilla p.JleHbI, BllJIIOS! 11 AaJI6KO He AOCTl1raeT 13aKI\ana. B 8a-
OaL1Ka Le 6JIil atilliee MeCTO rue3;z(OBaHl1f! OTMeQeHO Ha EpaBHl1HCKl1X
o3epax. O HaKO 0.B.H3Ma11JIOB [16] , 61KOrO;L\HO pa60Tafl Ha Bo oeuax
EpaBHbI, He 06HapY I1JI 3 eC:b 11 np113HaKOB ROJIvlll1M cepO eRl1X noraHOK,
BCTpeqafl l1X JlI1UlI. B nepVlOAbi MVlrpa Mti. ITo ero MHelll1lO, cepo eKafl
nuraHKa E CeB pllOM 3auallKaJI:be ;z(OJIj[Ha 6b1 b OTH6CcHa K 3anOTHb/M
B11 aM.
HaUll1 MaTepMaJIU nO}'(TBep aIOT rHe3 OBaHl1e SToro B a B Ce-
Bepo-BoCTOGHOM 3aoatiKaJl:be. B VlIOJIe 1973-1974 rr. napa cepOmOK X
noraHOH nOCTOf!HHO }'(ep1ittiJlacI. Ha o30pax B YCT:be p.BepxHeti AHrapu.
14 MIOHf! 1975 r. Ha 03.CEeTJIOM }'(06b1T caMe B Opb.GHOM Hapf! e, a
30 11lOHH 3 eCI. e A.B.IlllilmapeHItO o6Haps vm rHes o C KJI<lAl\oti,
cO}J;ep a eti Ba HaCl1 eHHb/X f!ti a. KpoMe Toro, cepO eKaf! noraHKa
OTMeqeHa Ha rHe3.l(OB:be VI B MYMCKOM KOTJIOBl1He. B no me p.KOMpbl
( or06qaH) 10 111OJIf! 1976 r. lIa O}'(HOM Yl3 JIeCHbiX 03ep 06b1Ta caM-
Ha OT Bb/EOARa 113 Tpex nTCH OB 3-4-;L\lIeBHOro B03peCTa. Tpll1K bI
STl1 nTVll\H Obl.ID1 BCTpeqeHbI B nep110 BecelIHero npOJIeTa: 17.Y - 3
OC0011, 23.Y - Be, 29.Y - 5 nTl1 .
P 0 raT a fi nor a H K a. O nOCJle.l(H11X JIeT 11CCJIe.l(Ona-
TeJIflM aJHU EahKaJIil 11 3aOaMKaJIbf! He y aBaJlOCb Ha6JIIO aTI. poraTYIO
nOl'aH1\Y Ha rHe3 OBI.e. JI11Ul:b r .A. HOBmtoB r 2j] OTMeqaeT 3TO BI1}J;
EaK pe.l(KO rHe3.l(f! licf! AJIf! OJII1HU p. BepXHeM AHrapb/, HO rHe3;z( 11
BUBOAKOB 11 OH He HaXOl\VIJI. HaMl1 noraHKa ObiJIa o6UTa }O 111OHf!
19'15 r. B scne p. B.AHrapH, '" B 1976-1977 r. 3AeCl> e e}'(11ImQ-
Hble oc u61'1 OTMeqeHbI Ha :Dec eHHeM nl-J0JICTe.. KOJIOHI1f! poraTbix nUI'a-
HOK 113 5 rHe3 06Hap 1iteHa 10 111O f! 1976 r. B MYHCKOM HOTJIOBl1He.
rHe .l(a pacnuJlaranI1CL cpe l1 KOJluHl1l1 6C OKpblJINX Kpa eK Ha Be60nb-
IDOM MBmWBOAHOM 3tlpocrueu eJiterOJIuBH11KOM 11 Hv!MlJJotiHl1ItoM OTI'pblTOLil
o3cpe E no e p.KO p ,B 10 KM ceBepo-BOC OqHee noc. .1lorOOGaH.
KJIaAEI1 COAepJitaJII1 OT 3 .l(O 5 fll1 . Pa3Mepbl I1X (MM): 45,0-47,1 x
31,3-32,8. rHea}'(a noc poeHbI 113 CTco eM eJiterOJ'W:Bli1'll\a, Hl1MW e i-aIl1-
l\a 1 KOL.;OGIWB I1HbI, cpeJtHI1M AklULIleTp IX: rHes a - 32,7, JIOTI\a -
10, rn 611Ha 6 CM. PaCrHJJlOJiteHb/ rHe3 a no ItpalO paCT !TeJu,HOCTl1
B03 e llJIeca. K lOry OT MYWCKUM KOTJIOBI1HbI rHe3Aa C Hna KaMI1 B
1%0 r. 6b1JII1 Ha11 eHbJ 1 .B.M3Mat\JIOBbiM [16J Ha 030pax B UltpeCTHOC-
TflX noc. EH O I1HO 11 COCHO:BO-03epcKa.
tI e p H 0 Ul e ti H a f! nor a H l\ a. B CCCP apeaJI epHO-
131
weVtHoi1 nUraHI'.l'I paoOpBaH O Am af! l.\0 JOJKHOrO Ilpl'IMUpLR [12J . o -
HOCI1 e LHO npeO BaHl'Ifl ee B rrp 6aMKa Le CBCAeHl'Ifl O CYTCTBYIOT, 3a
l'IC:KJilOqemIeM ClihmO:K HS, T.II.rar.my [8] , IWTupafl D cnl'IC:KC TITl'Il{
BOCTOqnoM Cl'IOl'Ipl'I OTMCqaeT 3a eT STl'IX nTl'Il{ B Ilpl'I6an:Ka :bc:Kl'IM l'I
AHrapC:Kl'IM yqaCT:Kl'I l'I AonycKaeT B03MOJKHOCTI. l'IX rHe3 OBaHl'Ifl B
l.\eJILTC p.Ce eHrl'I l'I IlpllaprYHLe. K CU JlOHV!IO, HV! 3l.\eCL, Hl'I B nuc-
el.\YIO l'Ix paooTax OHa He npl'IBOl.\l'IT MaTepl'Ia OB. Ha OCIIOBaHMM ROTO-
phJX C;l\e aH STl'I lIpennO UJKeH1'!fl.
CTBIO qepHowetiI! X noraHOR 113 27 oc06ei1. l'I3 :KOTOp X 8 MO O-
l.\ X nTHl{ 6hJ l'I l.\06NTN. MhJ Ha6 IOAa l'I 9 ceHTfl6pfl 1971 r. B Ilo-
CO LC:KOM cope. B l'I1O e rS78 r. Be nOraHRl'I 6hJ l'I OTMeqeHhJ B pan-
OHe epRa OBC:KOrO cupa, npl'IM :KalO erO :K XapaY3Y ( eJILTa Ce eH-
rl'I). Ha ceBCpHOl1 Ea ;Ita e 2 nTl'Il{hJ .13 06mecTBe qeTLIpeX 60 :DnlL'lx
lluranOR 6bJ l'I 3aperl'ICTpllpOBaHLi 19 MaE 1978 r.
l' y H P 0 B bI t1 e 6 e A I.. BnepBLle Ha Eaiil:a e' STOT
JIC6e;L\L OTMCqeH B OIipeCTHOCTEX K'ym.'YKa [1 . I103;l\Hee M.r . Ea:KY-
Tl'IH [2] BCTpeqa ero Ha CeJIOHrC, OTRY;l\a B ROJIJIeKl{l'Il'I SWH AH
CCCP xpaliflTcH ;l\Ba sR3eMn flpa, O()hJThlX B.l!..ZIoporocTai1cRl'IM 25-26
anpeJIfl 1915 r. Eo ee STOT l'I He OhJ BCTpeTfeH, XOTf! T.H.rarl'I-
Ha [8J . CCLIJIaflCL Ha PYKOnl'ICL B. . f!rl'I CBa U B.H. aBopCKoro
[ILU , ;l\OnYClmeT npo eT eoe,l\fl 110 ;LLOJIl'IHe p.Eapr;YSl'IH. He BCTpeqaJI
TYH.l\pOBOrO JIe6e;l\fl II H.r.CKpflO H, ;l\o rl'Ie rO;l\H ll3yqaBWI1i1 EO.l(O-
n aBalOmllX nTl'Il{ EawKa a.
Hatm O;l\l'IH TYHl.\POBhIW
Man 1973 r. l.ZIaraphI). IIo
KJIJmYHa.
HeM 0 11 11 e pen e JI. rHe3;4l'ITCfI, BU;l\l'IMO, no BceMY
3a6ailKaJII.1O [24, 16] . Ha BOCTOqHOM 6epery Ea1acaJIa BCTpeqeH Ha
nepeweilKe rrOJI OCTpOBa CBflTOil Hoc [22, 30] l'I B EaprY3llHcKOM 3a-
nOlJe;l\Hl'I:Ke. HaMl'I 6 l'IIOHfI 1977 r. Ha cyxv.x nec aHhlX 6Jrpax C pe -
ROPl TpalJflHoJii paCT!IlTtJILEOCTLIO (flplm) B ycne p. .i3.AHrapbJ, o-
6HTa O,l\1!HOqHafl ca .rna. CTati:K;Y 113 rueCTl'I nepene OB, Ell;l\OB;Y1O np:,ula;l\-
neJKHOCTb :KOTOphlX Ol1pe,l\e hTL He y;l\a OCL, MhI 110;l\Hfl l'I C cyxoro
CK OHa no Rpaw 3apoc ei1 :Ke;l\pOBOrO CTnaHl'IRa Ha nepeBa e ]enpl'IH-
;l\0 (lJO;l\Opa3 eJI qaphl l'I KOH;l\hI).
Il 0 r 0 H hi ru. BOCTO Hafl rpaHH a apea a
;l\0 cpO Hero Teqem1fl HO.n;KBMCHHmi TYHI'YCKil [44] l'I
KOTJIOBMHbI. B IIpl'I6a maJII.e 111 3a6aMRaJILe xapaKTep
e6e;l\:b B nape C ItmmYHoM BCTpelJeH 2
pb. MepaL\ OH 6iJJI 3Ha WI'eJII.HO MeHI.lIIe
,;
132
B1I1 a OXOl.\ IT
TYHK1I1HCROM
npeOl:lBaHllfl no-
rOHbJWa ;l\OJIroe BpeMfl OCT3baJICfl He flceH. Hl'IKTO l'I3 30onorOB He
BCTpeqa 3l.\eCI. H rHe3;l\, HV. nTeHl{OB STO nTl'IhH, a B3poc e
6l> l'I MCRJIlOq1l1TCJI:bHO pe Rl:I [Ill. B 1976 r. 27 I1WJIf! B OKp. DOC.
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l'I3 9 fll'Il{: 35,7 X 27, ; 35,4 X 28,0; 35,6 X 27.6; 35,7 X 27,b;
34,9 X 27,8; 5,G X 27,1; 34,7 X 38,1; 35,5 X 27,6; 35,6 X
27,0 MM. B HI1X HaXO;l\ll nC:D BnuJIHe C<pUpMl'IpOBaBWl'IeCfl I1TeHl{hJ, nOR-
phl ue qepHhJM nYXOM e aMeTHHM l'IO eTOIJO- eJIeHOBaTaM OT UEOM.
II 0 r 0 H hJ W-:K pOW R a. Ha apTocxeMe E.rr.CnaHreH6op-
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HO no 55 napb.Jille v.. B npl'I6aMRU Le, He 3a;CBaThlBafl ceBepHoJii OKO-
He HOCTll 03epa, UHa RpYTO enYC:KoeTCfl R wry l'I l1epeCe:KaeT EaJiiKa
fia Wi'ipOTe Manoro Mopn l'I ;l\aJIee c e ;yeT no mml'II1 Y aH-YAs - 1.:Il:I-
Ta (52 0 c.w.).
OnO Hl:ITe LHUe MaTepI1aJI n03BOJIf!IOT rrpO;l\BMHYTL rpaHl:I y ero
pacnpocTpaHeHl:IH :B 3a6aMRaJIbe o 57° C .w. B nOCJleAHl'Ie roj.( B
EaprJ3l:1HC:K0i1 RO OBl'IHe ero BCTpeqaJIl:! T.H.rarI1Ha [6] l'I B. . nM-
Rl:IH [21] , Ha nepbweMRe no yocTpoBa CBfITCM Hoc - H.r.CKpfl6I1H l:I
K.l1.WI1JIOHOE [30J , Ha CelJepHOM Eai1KaJIe - B.A.TQ qI1H [35], a
Ha Bl:ITl:IMCKOM nJIOCIWrOpLe ilOrOHhJma-:KpOIIIKY HeO;l\HORpaTIIo :B
rHe3;l\oBoM uepl'Io;l\ OTMCqUJI .B.M3MaM oE [i6] .
B 1976 r. 16 I1IOJIf! B oKpecTHocTHX noe. Or06qaH (MywcRafl
ROTJIOBI1Ha) l.\06 Ta caMRa noroHulIIa-KpOW:Kl'I co CillOpMVlpoBa:aWI1MCfl
fl 40M B flM4eBo;l\e. 5TO e;l\l'IHCTBeHH j.(OCTOBCpHU a:KT rHe3j.(OBa-
Ht1f1 ero 13 3aOaMRaJI:be. Ha oceHHeM npOJIeTe 1 aBr;ycTa 1975 r.
O;l\l:IHOqHUi1 norOH W 6H BCTpeqeH Ha 3a6o oqeHHOM Hl'I311He B YCTLe
p.CaJIflRl:IT (11apcKan :KOTJIOBl:IHa).
3 0 0 T l'I C T a fl p m a H :K a . B nepxHeM Ilpl'IaHrapLe
(p.l!a;l\o6cl{) MaccoBhlw npo eT 30JIOTI1CTUX pmaHoR C 19 no 22 MaR
troj.( He YRa3aH) HaO IO;l\a H. .PeuMepc [27] . M3 60JIbWO CTUI1
l:IM 6Wla /.\06h1Ta caMHa -BeCOM 205 r. E.B.Ko3 oBa [17] YKa3HBaeT
Ha HaJIl:!ql'Ie B KOJIJICR:ql'II1 3MH AH CCCP SR3CMnnflJIa OT 25 MaR l'I3
Eai1:Kl'ITa (IlO;l\RaMeHHafl TYHrYCRa).
HaMM Ol.\I1HOqHafl p aHRa ;l\OEu a 12 I1IOHI1 1978 r. Ha CUPOM y-
ry B arapax. TO nepBuM C jlJUM 3anCTa ee Ha Eai1RaJI.
T 0 C T 0 :K 10 B II 3 Y e K. EOJII.lIIoi1 MHTopec npe -
133
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CTaBJIfilOT 3aJICTbJ .B IIp1'1c5atmaJII.e 'OJICTOI\JIIDBOrO 3yLiI\a, e5JIiIIJf.&tiuuu,m
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TaM [3] . BnepBHe napy SyilROB MH OTMeTMJI1'1 Ho. cebepHoM EaURaJIe
( arapH) 29 1'1IDHfl 1972 r. oc5HT CaMe O CHL xoporncA yn1'1TaHHOC-
T1'1 c CeMCHHL'maM1'1 5,0 X 3,1 MM. JipoMe Toro, nap,y nT1'1 Mbi BCTpe-
TV.JJ1'1 28 Mafl 1976 ol. B MytiCI\oA ROTJIOB1'1He ( oroc5qaH). Pa3MepH
CeMeHHID\OB y CaMl!a 10,1 X 3,8 MM, Hai16oJI!.Iil1'1ti {J)ommYJI Y. car.mn
OCTl1raJI 5,6 MM. nT1'1 bI xoporneti ynilTaHHOCT , Bec I1X COOTBeTCT-
BeHBO 63,5 il 74,1 r.
BCTpe 1'1 TOJICTOI\JIIOBbiX 3JllROB napaMil rOBopRT 0 Bom.O HOCT1'1
11X rHe3 OBam1fl B I1pil6at1Ra.uccH lX rlJpax 1'1.ID! Ha CTa..oBoM Harop!.e.
n 11 H H 0 n a JI bI A n e C 0 H 1'1 K. BnepBHe CBe eH1'1H
o rHe3 OBaHI11'1 STuro neCO B1ma Ha Ea!iJIWJre HaXOl\11M y C.EeHTa
&5 . r103 Hee B IOro-3ana;l\HoM 3ac5atiKan!.e (03.EaproA) rHe3 O
SToro Rymlj Ka C I\JIa l\ot\ 1'13 :qeTr.pex flL'1l( HalUJIil r .K.EopOB1'! HaH 1'!
B.B.1i13MaMJIOB [4] . Ha CeBcpHoM EaL!I\a e (.11araphl) 12 1'1IOHH 1973 r.
Mhi oc5HapY 1'1JI11 rHe3 O neCO HI1Ka C H.1aAi;Oti 1'!3 yx fll1 [42].
3l\ecI. e rHe3,l\O c BYMfl RA aM1'! Ho.li eHo 19 1'1IOHH 1976 r. B.C.
Ca,l\HOBbiM.
Ii1 C JI a H l\ C H 1'1 M n e C 0 H 1'! R. BnepBhle Ha EaixaJIe
ero OTMeT1'1JI1'1 E. H6oBCH11i1 1'! r.rOl\JICBCH1'!ti [46J . BTupn Ho SToro
HY I1I\a Yl\<lJIOC!. l\oc5h1T:b 17 ceHTH6pR 1976 r. [35] . Ha CeBepnoM
Ea.iliaJIe Ha rrec aHoti Eoce oCTpoBa M1'1JIJI1'10HflblA 8 aBrJcTa 1978 r.
06HT B3pOCJIhiti caMe , a 23 aBrJcTa 3l\eCI. e 6HJIM BCTpe eH 11
06 TbI Tp11 MOJIOl\ e nT11 .
T y pyx T a H. o He a13Hero BpeMeHil TYPYXTaH B ITp116aM-
RaJII.e CtUl!'aJICfl B.. OM npOJIt;i'H M. B nOCJiCJ.\Hl1e rOj\bI OH OTMeqaCT-
Cft RaK rHe3l\H ilticfl Ha EpaTcKoM BOl\oXpaHliJI11me [35] , 13 eJIbTe
p.CeJIe r11, neperneHEe nUR ocTpOB CBfl!'O Hoc 11 OJI11He ilepxHeM
AHrap [39] . C.B.IIbI HHoBHM rHe3 OBaH11e Bw a YCTaHOBReHO l\RH
YCTLfl p.Cap H (MaJIoe Mope).
B 19761'. B MytICROA KOT OBRHe TORYLOJl!IDC TypYXTaHOB Mbl B
BCTpe arrH B ITOMMe p.KOHpH E KoH,n;H, a 24.YI 6bI a 06b1Ta ITTHUa
c mtWM B eBo.n;e. B lfapCROl1 IWT OBl1He TypYXTaH J1ICRJllO'q1lTe I.HO
pe.u;oR .n;8.iKe Ha ITpO eTe.
A 3 11 a T C H 11 ti 6 e K a COB 1'1 l\ H H K B e peT e H-
H 11 E. Ha ceBepHOM Ea RaJIe BnepBble saRCT SToro BM a OT eTilJI
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134
p. BepxHell AHrapH BHOB!. aaper11Ci'pilpOBaHa CTaMR8 JJepeTeHH I\OB
113 qeTHpeX ocodell, 113 I\OTup X 06 T O ilH caMe . ha Cnt YlOm1'1M
ru , 24 11IOHfl,B cOBepHoH qaCTJ'J CeBepu-Ea Ro. :bCI\Oro copa, Ha
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C xapaHTepHblM rHeSl\OBbiM nOlie eH1'1eM. napa nT!i1 6h1JIa 3aperMCi'pil-
pODaHa 30 MaR 1978 r.
CMCTeMaT11 eCHMe BCTpeqM a31'1aTCH11X 6eHaCOB!i1 HblX Bepei'eHH11-
ROB 13 ST11 rO bI n03BOJIfilOi' npeWlOJIO T:b B03MOJKlIOCT:b 11X rHe3 ODa-
HMH B YCTI.e p.BepXHe AHrapbI. En1'1 aHWllM11 MeCTaMM rHe3 OBaH11H
ero HBJIaei'CH e Ta p.CeJIeHrM [35, 37] 11, BlJ3MOJKHO, nepemeeH
nOJI,yoCi'POBd C13fli'Oll Hoc, r e e e B 1961 r. ero BCTpeT11JI H.f.
CI\p1i61'1H [311 .
II 0 P Y e 11 H 1'1 H. C iI1xaJIOC:b YCTaH013neHHb:M [17J, TO
BOCTOqHafl rpaHl1 a CnJIumHOrO pacnpOCTpaHeH11fi nopy ctiH11Ka u-
XO 11i' O AJITaH, Ha Teppl1TOpl111 Cpe Hell CI16"p11 OT AJIXafl O Eati-
KaJIa OH OTCYXCTByeT, a BUCTO Hee cnopal\11qHO rHe3 11TCfl no Ap-
r,yH1'1 M B ayp1111. B ITpl1c5al1HaJII.e SToro Rymma OJlrOe EpeMH CQ11-
TaJll1 D11l\OM 3anCTHHM. B nOCJIOJ.\HVIe rO bI Ho.MI1 C oopaH DOlUl'ipHbJil 1011:\-
!'epl1a no pacnpOCTpaHeH111O nopyqetiHliHa B BOCXOQHOti C1'1611pM [40],
l\OTOpblti n03BOJIffeT YCTaHOBl1TD rHe3 OBari!t1e STOI'O BM a no BceMY
[lp116at1RanI.lO.
nopy eMH11H HaqaJI rHe3 1'1TI.CH 1'1 B MylicHOM HOTJIOB He. 3 ecI.
B ORp. noc. oro6 H II I1IOHfl 1976 r. HaMll OTMe eHO 6 rHeS fl-
m11XCfl nap, HaM eHbI 2 rHe3 a, Hn&AI\a O Horo 113 ROXOPblX 6b1JIa
CBe et\, BTopaH C.IJThHO 3ac..I CIlHaH. B Mae 11 aBryc e 1975 r. 0;1\11-
HO Hae nuPyqeMlII1Inl onWQeHbI HaMll 13 qapcHo j IWTJIOIJ11He.
E 0 JI I. m 0 ti B e peT e H H .1 1\. ]locTo:cepHhlX Maxe-
p11aJIOB, nO TEep aIOJJ(JilX rHe3l\OBalme SToro I\YJll1Ra B CeBepHOM
3a6at1HaJI:be, Hex. B OJIMHe p.BepxHet1 AHrapH STOT I\YJI1'1I\ He MHoro-
l1CJIeHeH, XOTfl 11 BCTpe aeTCfi nOCi'OHHHO, OClJ6eHHO Ha npoJIexax
[38]. JleTHl1e H8XO;l(HM 6oJIl>rnoro 13epexeHmma Ha CeBepnoM Ea:t1I\a-
ne ZJ;&lOT Bu3MO HOCTI. npe nOnOJK.I'lf!. rHe3l\OBalilile ero B STOM patioHe.
19 11lOHfl 1972 r. Y noc.KYMopa napa nT11 , rrpl1 epmHBaJIaCl> O Horo
MeCTa Ha CblpOM JIyrJ' npOflBJIHna.HIJH e np113H8H11 6ecnonoficTIJa. Ha
oceHHeM npoJIcxe 6o rn11e BepeTeHH11KJil B cope nOflEJIHIOTCH B nepBhlx
l1CR8X aIJrJCTa. ]eTHT npeMMymecxBeHHo MuJIO He nfl1 bI. 30. aB Jcx
y aeTcfl y ecTD o 100 Li dOJIee nTI1 . B Myt1CHOti ltoXJIOB11He TpLi I\Y-
muta OTMet1eH 7 mOHfl 1976 r.
135
K P 0 H m Hen - Man R a. Apean aroro RpOHWHena
np6 CfaBneH He60nDWHMH penHRrOB MH nflTHaMH B 6acce He p.ftH
[181 E IOro-Sana,l!HoliI HRYI'HH [5]. E.K.lilrerMaH [471 Yl\aS Baei' a1'Y
ni'J'J Y RaR rHeSA weCfl B cy6anLnM cRo SOBe rop XO O,l!HHRaHa H
TYRYPEHrp (CraHoBoe HaropLe). S,l!ecD Ee Ci'aMKY Man x KpoHwHe-
nOB B ROB e EIOHfl BC1'peqan ,B.COI030B [29] .
B MylilcROIiI RornOBMHe I\pOHWHen ManlOi'RH O!l'MeqanHCL 7, II H
18 HIOHH 1976 1'., a 24 HlOnfl ,l!06 Ta BspocnUfl CaMl\a BeCOM 155,71'.
B nep110AJ;J OCe1lHerO npo t;;i'a a nl I\YJU'lK1II. 06j;,q1llj 11 BepXHe-AH-
rapcKoliI 111. MylilcKOIiI KOi'nOBHHax, 11 qape - He BCi'peqC1IH.
a n I. 11 e B 0 C i' 0 q H i:j K P 0 H W 11 e n. E,l!v.HC1'BeH-
HljMH ,l!OCi'OBepH MeC1'aMH ero rHeS,l!OBaHHfl flBnfilOTCH nepeweeK
KaMqai'KH i'l 101' flpHMupCKoro Kpafl. B n.ei'Hee BpeMH ero HSpe;lU\a
BC1'peqanM Ha lOre HKYi'J'Ji'l 11 AMYPCKulil 06nac!l'l1. B BOC!l'OqHOIiI CH6Hp1lJ.
a1'UI'O Rymma Oi'MeqanH mUllI. ocellLIO, Ha Apr,yHi'l, B OKpeC!l'HOCi'fiX
C. KatlJIac1'y11 [215]. i'l Epai'CKOM BU,l!OXpaHHmll:.1e 05J.
YC1'tiHOBnCHo, qi'O B qapcKoliI KO!l'nOBHHe (C1'tiHOBOe Haropbe)
,l!an:bHeBOCTOqH 11 KpUHillHen He npe,l!C1'aBnfler pe,l!KOC1'1IJ.. 1II.CneHHOC!l'L
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KOB M OCOKOB M 60no1'aU COC1'aBnnC!l' 0,2-0,5 3K3/M 2 . Be01l011 I 75r.
nTH nOflb n Cb SAeCb 2b anpenfl BMeCTe C 60nDillHM KpoHwHenoM.
C H&qana npv.ne1'a ,l!epEti1'CH napaMv., co B!l'opoli nUnOEv.H MaH i'l
BeCL i'lIOHb ,l!eMOHC!l'pHPYfl fiBHoe rHe3,l!OBOe nUEC,l!eHi'le. B 15 YoM K
ceDepy 01' noc.qapa 13 I1IDHH Hai1,l!cilo rHe3,l!0 C OC!l'a!l'XaMv. CEe e
cKopnyna. PacnonaranocI. OHO Ha Oi' p foli nno a,l!xe cpeAE OCOHO-
EOI'O 60JIo1'a no Hpi;110 osepa. Paa:.iep rHeS,l!a: Hap'yEH j ,l!i'laMe1'p
7 CM, BliJ1'pCHH li - 21 C , rn'y6 Ha n01'Ha 6 CM. B3poc e n1'i'l u
C KpHxaMH ne1'8nH B pa,l!Hyce 250-300 M, quC1'O nOAne afl Ha pacc-
1'OHHHe 50-60 M. IIpi'l ,l!nH eJl:bilUM npeci :BaHIHIj HaOJlIO,ltaTe:m Ha rHe3-
,l!OEOM yqaC1'Re n1' yneTaJIv. nORDnfin Cb BHOEI> He CKOpO.
B MyUCKoli KO!l'JIOBHHC E 1976 r. .ztaJ HeEUC!l'OqHUli KpoHlliHen
6un e e conGe 06UQeH. MeCiaMi'l q CneHHOCrL ero .ztOC HraJ1a 1,5
SH3/M 2 . 3,l!ech OH Haw,l!eH Ha 60no1'ax B nOWMax peR Kowpu, KOH,l! ,
EaxrapHai\a i'l 13 HeCXUn:bI\O MelibweM qllCne no p.Mye (oxp. noc.
TOI\C''iM0 ). Tal\me Hax H B 'iapcYooli Ho!!:'nOBi'lHe, rHeS,l!H!l'Cfl no co-
Ce,ltC!l'EY C 60n:billi'lM KpoHwHenoM, npHqeM cneHHOC1'h noCn6,l!HerO
t(oc:cv.rae1' 2,7 aK3/RM 2 . HeCHOy. ;J,<iJil>HeEUC:l:OqiWe 1\pOHWHenu nOflB -
JIHCI. 5 Mafl, 60JIbill e - 30 anpenn. IIp ne alO!l' napaM!tI, peEe rpyn-
136
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TH He OTni'lqaeTCfl 01' (JEa 60n:ornoI'O KlJOHlliHena. O1'nJllqCH ni'lillL 1'0-
JIOC, HOTopuM SEY i'lT 3Haqi'l1'eJwHO He Hee Ha SaKnlOqll1'eJIbHOM a:ane,
Kor,l!a n i'l a Ha pacnpOC1'ep1' X Kp J1bflX neT 1' Ha,l! caMO SeMJ1e .
CY,l!fl no nOBeAeH 1O n1'i'l , ni'eHUU nOflBJIlJ1¥iCL B oH e IIepDoli
,l!eRa.ztu HIDHH. C aToro BpeMeHJIl Ha4HHae!l'Cfl 06pasoBaH e c1'alil, Hac-
qM1i' BalO JtlX 10-25 oc06e11. JIelJ)KaTCH OHJtI B S!1pOCIilIi1X OCOKOM i'OmUIX
MeCi'aX, qall\e B6ni'l3i'l 03Cp. Bepofl Ho, npH BUCnv.i'aHHH n01'OMCi'Ba
.n; HeBocTo iHe KpOHillT8nN o6 e.n; HHroTCff. R TIep8BO T nTeHgOB
B Tpy,ItHO OCTYIIHHe MeCTa. 1108TOMY IIT8HgOB HaM Hal1Tl1 He Yl1. a -
JIOCb. C ,l!Ba.zt a1' X Hcen i'lIOHfl qhCnO KpOHWHenOB E Ci'aflX peSKO
CHHSHnOCL. BepOfl1'HO, C a1'oro EpeMeHi'l C H nORi'l,l!8I01' B BO,l!K i'l
npi'lc ynalO H RO tEHaM. C nOApaC1'QH eM MunO,l!HX Bi:jEOAKi'l paccpe-
,l!O aqnEaIDTCH, a K nO,l! eMY i'lX Ha Rpuno B cepe He HlOnfl, HaTfHHa-
IO Ho eBatI. i'l caYutJll. B a1'O Ee BpeMfl Ha HHaeTCfl O1'ne1' Mono,lt X
nT , K01'OpHM npo,l!on)Kae1'Cfl O HuH a HlOnfl. B aBr C1'e KpOHmHen
BCTpeqaID1'Cfl e HJIlqHO.
B aEr C1'e 1976 r. ,l!Ee MonOA e nTllU 6 ,l!06 T Ha Ma oM
Mope (Ea iKa ) OpHi'l1'OnOI'OM C.B.I1i:j)K:&RUO:iJ!;;M.
m H 0 1\ FA 11 K a. I10MliMO Y)Ke i'lSBeC1'H X Bc pe mHno-
KnlOBKH B YC be p. BepxHe AHrap [35, 38J , 19 MaR 1977 r.
nupa aTHX KYJmKUB 6lma O1'MeqeHa 3,l!eCb Ee B.C .Ca;nKOBljM. MOEHO
nve,l!nunO 1'b B03MUEHOC1'b CYll\eCibODaHi'lR B ,l!OnHHe BepXHe AHra-
p M30nRpOBaHHoro Mec a rHe3,ltOBaHHH aToro BH,l!a.
C p e ,l! H i'l 11 ft 0 MOp H i'l H. Saner ,l!aUHOrO Bi'l,l!a B llpH-
6Q11Kanbe flBJIeHi'le CpaBHi'l1'eJ HO peAKoe [9]. TeM He MeHee Ha Ce-
EepHOM EanKane DCTpe H C HriM.,l!OBOnLHO perynnpH . IIocne,l!HHH
BC1'pe a OTMe eHa A.A.Bepill Hi'lH M (YCi'HOe C006meHi'le) B MIOne
1975 r. - O,l! Hoqrtafl MunO,l!afl ll H a B cpe,l!HeM reqeHi'lM p.Bepx-
He11 AHI'apU (noc .lj,eH a). .
q e I' p a B a. B Hac o ee BpeMfl ,l!OCTOBepHo yctaaOHneHo,
ti!rO Ha Ea/ilKane erpaDa rHeS,l!Wl'Cfl Jl1'lillb B ;ne.iu,1'e p.CenellrH.
Tonh O q U HaqaEW X nC!l'aTb Monu UX niH OTMeQanH B KOH e M -
Ha ane aBr Ci'a 1977-1978 1'1'.
Ha CeBepHoM EanKane rHesAoBaHHe nTM He O1'Me eHo. XOfH
BC1'pe H HX B YCTbe p.BepXHeM AHrap perJllC1'pHp i'CH nOCTOHHHO,
HaqHflafl C I97 r. [3b] . B 1976 r. 17 Mafl ell\6 ,l!0 ECKpu1'Hfi peRR
O1'MeqeHa nepBaH np FA TeBmafl n H a, B ,l!anhHe illeM O,l!i'lHOtiHue OCO-
137
61'1 Ii1 HeouJiI.Wli1e rpynIlbi Ii1X nOCTOflHH ' ,-
TQ. B 1577 0 OT eqa uc l1.0 ROHLla a13r c-
r. C 5 no 2b Ii1KJJifi napa I1XI1 -.
nOBe71.eHli1e . . LI, 71.eMOHcT PJfl rHe371.0Boe
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RuBfJX m.'1i1 'I '. copa 1301UiS... ROJIOHIi1t1 tlaii-
LI. . OCJ1C71.Hflfl BCTpetla qerpa13 13 1978
(cxaMRa Ii1S 5 oco6cli). r. - 4 ceHTfl6.pa
flOHBJiCHl1e tlerpa13 Ha E ..
.,' ",.' m.RaJie, cRopee 13cero, C13fl3aHO _
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nm'iBo;n:Hi:.iX n"'1"Tf B . Y 'y. W6Hue YCllOmm rHe3;n:013aHHfl
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nopoH nplilHIiIMalOT o OJib!l1 oti pa li4aX Gop' X,j'IlaKJT R KOqCBIWM, KOTOpbJe
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Hble HaM1\, nOl\T13ep1K;n:aKJT STS TO KY 3peHMR. Tal\, 7 1\KJHH 1973 r.
O Ii1HOliHafl nTl1I.1a oTMeqeHa 13 nOJIeTe Ha HpKaMl:l (.llarapN); TaM me
Y O bI 6Ulll1 13cTpeli8HbI 9 MaR 1974 r. 11 28 Mafl 1978 r. B oKpecT-
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MaH 1975 r.
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llJIOCKurOpDe [16].
B apcKOn KOTnUE He 17 aBrJcTa 1975 r. Ha He60 :&rnOM 3apoc-
llleM KYCTdPHIi1KOM YliacTKe oeperoDoro ocpblIJa p.CaJIflEJriT Hwm
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6aViliaJIbe (20] .
139
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Pery pHO raRKH B Y MaR, n 7 HIDHH 1576 r.
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EaMKaHe. 3a eT HX OTMeqeH H B q ., epHOM
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03ep. - Tp./ Eyp.-MoHr. ne11.. ItIH-T I 40 . oJ -..,
2. E a It .. _, ." Dun. ..I., c.39-51.
y T M H M.r. oAonHaBaIDmlie nTl1
rll. - Y,\I. aan.-Rll / E l4b1 ;l!eJILTbJ p.CeJIeH-
3 B e yp. ne11.. I1H-T, 1957, 131m. 12, C. J.II-I20
· P M a H .M. 0 rHe311.0B X HO ..
3,ytiua IJ IOJltHOti T"Be JIOHI1f!X TOJICTOI\JIID:rmro
I' J'J IOro-BocXO HOM AHTae - B .
M., 1967, B n.8, C. 333-)34. . RH.. OpHI1TOJIOrl1il,
4. E 0 P 0 B II 4 It a f! r K U -
H ., . ., SMa 11 JI 0 B r B II
ona bJl1 nec O\lHl'IIt B Qa6aiill _ .1.. JIMH-
9 C Z 38 ..... a.iLe. - B KH.: OplUITOJIOnm U Bun
. .:J . ' ,., .
5. Bop 0 {) L e B ff A f I
CCCP, 1965, 334 c. · . . TI-J4,,' flItJlTl1l1 .-M.: 11311.aT. AH
.,6. r ar II II a T.H. nT£I4 6acceiiHa .Barr
Bapr J 311H. roc. 3anu e H., I 60 D b/D . 2 C r P- s 7 Y3llHa. - Tp./
7 r ' .,. 1 -..2.
. arl1Ha IH K' .
Hoil cTpaHLl. _ 13B I g ; .. [J;JayHe I1Tl1l\ BI1Tl'h,io-(.JJIm,r.mHCI\oti rup-
8 r.. . YTCIt, c/x H-T., 1%0, B n.IL. c.62-83
. a r Ii H a 'loll. nTHI.\i:J BOC:rOliH ., C - . ... . .
npoc:;:pa.ileHHe). _ Tp / B' _,.. .Oh l1(5!:PLI CIIl1CUlt H pac-
C " 9 ' 25 . apr,y3HH. roc. 3QDUBeJ;H. 1961 1J I1 :1
...,,-J... t .J,
140
9. r a r 11 H a T.H. npHMeTfaHRa H OlIonHeHRR R CIIHCRy
IITHIt BoCTOTfHoA CR6HpH. - Tp /BaprysMH.roc.9anOBe,1tHi., 1962, mm
4, c.203-209.
10'. r a r H H a T Hi' ITp14Me'laHRR 11 ono eHRR R CIIHCE;Y IITMIt
BoCTO'lHO CH611PR - M3B./BocT. H6 oT e reorpaw o-BS CCCp,
1965 r.. T.65, c.4I-49.
II. r y C e B O.'K. OpHRTO OI'HTfeCKHe Hcc e OBSHRS. Ha ceBep-
HOM Ba:81taJIe - B RH.: OPHMTO OI'J4Ji, M., 1962, mm.5, c.I49-I6I.
I2 e M e H T L e B r.n nTH COBeTCRoro Com9a - .:
COB.HaYRa, 1951, T.2, - 468 c.
13. H 6 0 B C R M I E H r 0 e B C R 11 :8 B. npe -
pMTe LH OTTfeT O.W8YHHcTH'leCRMX MCCJIe OB HRRX Ha BaIRBJIei -
OT'leT 0 e:RcTBRaX CR6HpcROro Pro sa 1869 r. - Cll6, 1870, c'.57-
77
14';' R l' M e B B <f1., a BOp C R R I B' 'Il MaTepHaJIH
R peROHCTPYRnRR OXOTHM'lLe1'O IIpoMHc a BOCTOTfHOrO II06epeEba Bal-
RaJIa R OJIHHH p Bapry3RHa (PJROIIHC:&), 1931, - 42 c.
15. H B a HOB A..M., K 0 5JI 0 B a E B-', IT 0 P T e H -
R 0 JI A., T Y rap H HOB A-.JJ. nT1lIU>t CCCP - M ; JI.: AH CCCP,
1953, 'laCTL 2, - 343 C.
16'. M SMa I JI 0 B H.B. IT-TM BHTHMCR01'O MOCR01'OpLR. -
YJIaH-Y a,: paTCRoe KH Hs.naT., 1957, - 303 C.
17-. K 0 -3 JI 0 B a E.B. i])aYHa CCCP (IIT1lIU>t) - M ; JI., AH
CCCP, 1961, !OM I, BHn.2-. - 432 c.
18 JI a 6 Y T M H ID.B. KpOHmHeII-ManIDTRa B BepXOaHLe. - B
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_ B KH'e : OpHMTOJIOI'RSi, M., 1972, Bw:r;10, c.277- O.
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141
23. HOB M ROB r.A. ITPOMHC OBO-OXOTH11.TfDR waYHa ceBe-
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1873, T.3, c.93-156.
27. P e 11 M € P C H (P nT 11. M eROIIMTaIODllie IOiltHoti Ta:ar11.
Cpe.Il,Heti CH611p1! - M.; JI , 1966, - 419 C.
28. C R a 0 H B H. HOBH€ aHHHe no waYHe eROIIMTaIODlliX
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QYMH.1lH-T CH6HPH 11 l( B., 1935, T.3, c.35-64.
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6atiRa .oT ;B O-Ba RpaeBe.n;OB 11. 1:fuTMHCR01'O MY3eR 1930 T I
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30. C K P .fI 6 11 H H.r., M 0 HOB K.H. t Tep11.a K
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31 C K P R 6 11 H H r. K OpHHTowaYHe ITpM6aMRaRDR. _ B RH.:
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32 C K P R 6 11. H H.r. Bo.n;o aBalOlIiMe nT Ea Ka a. _ Hp-
RyTCR,: BOCT.-CH6 RH.M3 -BO, I975 - 244 c
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34 C n a H l' e H 6 € P l' E.IT ITTHInl COBeTCR01'O Corosa _
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244. . A.' , ., · -
36 T 0 q H H B.A., JI M II II H C.H., M e L H 1! ROB
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37. T 0 q M H B.A., M e L H H ROB ID.M. 0 1'He3 O-'
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39 T 0 Tf M H B.A. TyPyxTaH B ITpM6atiRa Le. - 300 .3YPH.,
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C . B. ITIDK:&HHOB, B .)J.. C Omlli, 10. A. ,TIypH eB ,
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.II:0II0J.UIEIDm K crrnCRY nmI! o. OJThXOH H ITmOJThXOHHI
EOJIDlIImiCTBO Way1mCTWieCRI<lX p3.60T, nOCBmI!emrIlX STO PaRO-
BY, RaCaeTCH o.OJI:&XOH [I, 3, 4J. CocTaB ll'l' MaTepmwBofI 'tIac-
TJi! ORDXOHCROI'O paROHa ;IrP.H TORDRO B 061!\efI CBO,D;Re [41, 1' e BbI-'
,n;eMeTCH 3an o-nP¥I6a1iKaJI:&cm (Bce sana,lXHoe II06epext:&e Eait-
Ka a) yqaCTOK EaWKaJIo-CaHHCKoro npl'!pO;n;HOro KOMnJIeKca. ITo noc-
JIe;n;Hl'IM ;n;aHHbIM 131, cnMCOK nTl'I o. OJI:&XOH (BKJIIDqaH M l'ICqe3HYBllil'!e
Bl'!;n;w) HaC TbIBaeT 134 Bl'!;n;a. HawM ;n;aHHbIe, c06paHHwe B TeqeHMe
1975 - 1978 rr., ,n;onOJIHHIDT ero GaYHY 15 HOBWMl'! Bl'! aMM, a o6mee
ql'!CJIO nTM 3ana;n;Horo n06epemDH EatlKaJIa ;n;OBe;n;eHO o 234.
.1IyToR (Mergus albellus ) - o'tIem pe,ItKIrti 1Ip000eTHI:lfI BH.It. OT-'
Me'tIeH TPJi! p3.sa: 30 :mG1lH r977 1'., 12 I'I 13 MM r978 1'. He60JIb-
nrn:e CTaitKR STHX IIT ,n;epxta.JlHc:& B YCT:&e p.CapMu.
EOJIDlIIon RpoxaJI:& (M. merganser ) - 06bI'tIeH Ha BeceHHeM 1Ip0000e-
Te I'I B Ha'tIaJIe eTa. nepBbIe IITHIUi IIOHBJISDOTCR 24-28 anpeM. Hec-
RO RO SRSeMDJIRPOB OTCTpeJIJ1HO Ha O.O XOH.
IT01'OHb!IIHtpoII!Ka ( Porzana pusilla ) - o'tIea:b pe,D;RM nTHIJa.
OTMe'tIeH Ha osep3.X OROJIO IIoc.EJraH:qbI 6 ceHTR6pR 1976 1'. vIHor;IrP.
BCTPe'tIaeTCSI Ha ocemreM npo eTe IIO sa60 o'tIeHHbIM 6epe1'aM MaJIo1'o
MoPR. Ha O XOHe He Ha1J:.n,eH.
EYPORpbIJI8.R pltaHRa (Pluvialis dominiea ) - 06bI'tIHa BO BpeMH
MHI'pa.I{IDl:. Ha BeceHHeM 1Ip000eTe B p3.SHb!e ro;Il,b[ aHa OTMe'tIa.JIaC:& C
30 MM no 13 MIaHSI, Ha ocemreM - C 6 aBrycTa no 20 CeHTSI6PR.
HaJ1;1l;eHa 24 aBI'YcTa 1976 1'. Ha o. O XOH (6YXTa llln6eTeH).
ITOpyqeHIIHK ( Tringa stagnatilis ) - paHee He OTMe'tIaJICSI.
lIaiI;IteH HaMH Ha rHeS.ItOB:&e: B moHe 1976 1'. B IIOHMe p.CapMl:l sa-
peI'PICTpl'IpoBaHO HeCKO RO TORYIDILtI'IX nap, a 22 mo.mI 06HapyxeH BU-
BO,n;OI . BecHoH nepBbIe oc06n IIOHBJISDOTCH 9-14 MM. OceH:&IO OH
O'tIeH:& pe;C;OR. Ha o. O :&XOH OTMe'tIeH 9 ceHTR6pSI 1976 1'. .
ITeCO'tIHHK-'RpacHolIIei1Ka (Calidris rufieollis )-B 60JI:&!IIOM ROJIJII-
'tIeCTBe BCTpe'tIeH Ha ocemreM IIpo eTe. CHa'tIaJIa Me.I(yIOT BspoCJIbIe
IITlllJ;U, Hepe;c;KO B 6p3.'tIHOM Hap.ff,1l;e (c 15 mo.mI IIO 5 aBrycTa), sa-
TeM MO O;D:bIe (c 12 aBrycTa no 26 CeHT.fI6pH). Ha O.OJr:&XOH BCTpe-
'tIeH 22 l'I 29 aBrycTa 1976 1'. (6YXTa Il!M6eTei1) n 15 HKlJI.fI 1977 1'.
B 3aJI. EJrI'OM.
I44
'lepH0306J1IK (c. alpina) - pe.:nrortI 1Ip000eTHI:lH B1'I,n;. OTMe'tIeH Ha
o. OJr:&XOH (6YXTa llin:6eTei1) 29 aBrycTa 1976 1'. B 1977 r. HeCROJI:&-
KO MOJIO,II;!lX 'tIepH0306MROB ep1K8JI1'J:c:& B YCT:&e p.Capl1bI ,n;o 23 ceH-
T.fI6pH.
.II:aJI:&HeBOCTO'tIHJ:lli K[JOEllIHen ( :Numenius madagaseariensis ) -
22 HIDH.fI n 6 aBrycTa 1976 1'. B YCT:&e p.CapMbI ,n;06bITO ,n;:ea SRseM-
IIJIRPa. O,n;Ha IITm.J;a ,n;epltaJIac:& COBMeCTHO C 60 nm:M RpoHlIIIWnoM,
;u;py:rM - O,nnHO'tIHO.
EyproMncTp ( Larus hyperboreus) - 3aJIeTHbIM B1'I)J;. O,nnaO'tIHHe
:r'.r OTMe'tIeHbI 9 moHH 1977 1'. B RO OImH cepe6pncTbIX 'tfaeK Ha
o.En;op, 6 moHH 1978 1'. Y IIoc.lIec'tIaHKa (O.O XOH) l'I 24 mo.mI
ST01'O JKe ro;c;a Ha O.XbIHbIK B ROJIOHIDI cepe6pncTwc 'tIaeK.
MaJIM 'tIaHRa (L. minutu EO BpeMR: Mm'pa.u;YIl'I nOCel!\8.eT II06e-
peJK.:&e O.OJI:&XOH. OTMe'tIeHa n Ha ;u;py:rmc yqacTliaX Ma..n:oI'O Mop.fI.Be-
CHOM npo eTHHe CTaM BCTPe'tIalOTCH B pa3..JIHqHl:le ro)J]:.l C 15 MaH IIO
rl moHH, oceH:&ID (npew ecTBeHHo MOJIO,IJ;!le IIT ) - C 12 IIO 26
aBrycTa.
Ee.n:ORpHJIa.fI Rpa'tIRa ( Chlidonias leueoptera) B He60 1II0M RO-
.1JJ'ftIeCTBe BCTpe'tfaeTCH Ha BeCemreM npo eTe, BKJIIO'tIaJI n O.DJIbXOH.
!{oTfYKlI1He CTan OTMe'tIem C 20 MaH no 25 HIOHH.
Hr OXBOCTill1: CTPIDK ( Hirundapus eaudaeutus) - O'tIeH:& pe,D;RIDi:
B1'I,n;. ORO O IIoc.EJIaHW:l 19 nIOHH 1978 r. 06HapyJKeHO MeCTO Bepe-
mHOI'O 1'Hes,n;OBaHl'I.H, HO 1'Hes,n; He Hall,:zJ;eHO.
'lepmM CTpu ( Apus apus). JIeToM 1976 1'. SaJIeTHbIe oco6n
SToro Iill,II;3. OTMe'tIaJInc:& B CTB.f.IX 6eJIOII0.fICHFIHHX cTpuefi Ha,IJ; o.
O :&XOH.
JIecHoM KOHeR (An thus trivialis) - 06WIea Ha I'HeS OBDe B
npe;c;ro :qOBOM IIOHCe npWJ!OpCKOrO xpe6Ta.
KpaCH0306ill1: ROHeR (A. eervin - O'tIeH:& pe;ruam npo eTH.Hfi BJa;n;.
E.D;HHCTBemrM oc06:& ;c;06bITa 7 cem.a:6PR 1978 1'.
rOpmH KOHeK (A. spinolett - 06WIHaf.[ Ha oceHHeM npo eTe
IITmJ;a. B IIoitMe p.CapMbI HepeMO BCTpeTfalOTC.fI CTan 'J1.O 40-50 oco-
6eM. Ma.cCOB!:ilM IlpOJIeT IIpoXO,IJ;KT C 20 IIO 30 ceHTSI6p.a:. B STO Bpe-
WI OTMe'tJ:eH n Ha OJI:&XoHe. BOSMOJKHO, rHe8;n:l'ITCH B rOJI:&IJ;OBoit 80He
ITpHMopcRoro xpe6Ta.
BapaKymRa ( Cyanosylvia sveeie - o'tIeH:& pe.D:RRH 1Ip000eTHbIM
BH;C;. CaMeD; B H3HOUIeHHOM OrrepeHl'IPt ;c;06HT 7 CeHT.fI6p.a: r977 r. B
IIo:RMe p. CaIMbI.
145
Tae HllH CBep OR (Locust ell a fasciolata ) - o eHD pe OR Ha
BeceHHeM npOJIeTe. O,IUrnO't1IiHe OC06H OTMe"tlaIDTCR C 15 IIO 22 mJH.f.I:.
. ITeB"'Imt C:sepqOR ( L.certhiola ) - pe;nmH, B HeKOTopHe 1'O
06!ltIHIDI npQJIeTHuH BE;IJ;. BoBMOJKHO, I'HeS TCR B He6o moM 'DIMe.
BeCeHliRH npOJIeT B pa3Jm"'IB:bIe 1'O,IU.! sape:rnCTpHpoBaH C 10 :Ji:IIHH no
2 HIOJI.ff, ocemulli - C 17 aBrycTa no 14 ceHTR6pn:.
II.a:THHCTUtJ: CBepTfOR ( L. lanceolata) - 06wreH Ha npoJIeTe.
BecHotJ: nO.fIBJI.R:eTCH 2-5 HIGHH, oceH:bro - B cepe.1nIHe aBI'YcTa. OT-
.n;eJIIJIHe OC06H sa,n;epJmBaIOTCR .n;o 5 ORTR6pR.
ITeHO'tffia-SapHHtIRa ( Phylloscopus inornatus) OTMe"'IeHa 9 JID-
H.H 1977r. Ha o. O LXOH. 06wrHblR npOJIeTmm mr.n;.
CepQ1'o oB8..R: 1'aJIlIKa ( Parus cinotus) OTMe"tleHa mIDIb OJUIaJK,Iij:I,
16 0I{TR6pR 1978 I'., RorM CTalma HS TJeTHpex oc06eH saJIeTeJIB.
B IIoc.Caprvw.
EeJI.a.ff JIa.SOpeBKa l P. cyanuf) - pe;IJ;KaJI I'HeS,1J;ffiI{aJICR IITmJ;a.
PeI'Y .R:pHO OTMe"tlaeTCfl B noitvIe p. CapMu.
P.br.xi.a.a: OBcmma (E. rutila) - pe.IJ:RIDi I'HeS Cfl BJiI,II;. 06H-
TaeT B BI1COROCTBORDHblX ecax C IIOMeCKOM HS 60JI0THOI'O 6arym,-
Hlma.
RaMmnOB8..R: OBCmma (E. schoeniclus) 5 moM 1977 r. OTMe"tle-
Ha OROJIO IIOC.XyJmp. B nORMe p.CapMbl r3 ceHTfl6pn: 1976 1'. 06H-
Ta MOJIO,IT.8JI IITmJ;a.
06HKHOBemuru: CRBoperr ( Sturnus vulgaris) peryJI.R:pHO B He-
1000:bIDOM ROJIHtIecTBe BC'l'pe"tlaeTCfl B BeceHHe- eTHd IIepHO . Bec-
HOH CRBOp epEaTCfl B CTa.HX TJH6HCOB.
TYH.n;pmmH po1'aTuit JKaBOpoHOR ( Erernophila alpestris flava)
-STOT nO BR p01'aT01'O xaBOpOHRa s eT B MaHOCHeEHNX CTeIIHX
O.O XOH H ITPHOJIbXOH:b.ff.
llepe HC eHH!:le O)1,:liHHa,IUI,a;T:b 13 OB ( 60JI:bII!oit RpO:xa..m" IIe-
CO"tlmnhKpacHomeitRa, "tlepH0306HR, MaJIM "'Iaiixa, "tlepHmt CTpIDlt,
1'OpHbIH ROHeK, neB-cnm H IDITHHCTIDI CBep'tffiH, neHOTJRa-SapHJI!IRa,
RaMbIJl1013M OBCHHRa H TyrI.Iij)mIOH p01'aTWI JKaBOpOHOR ) HOBHe TOJII.-
RO ,n;JI.ff O.O LXOH, .D:BeHa,rur,aTI. ( .n:yTOR, nOI'OHHI!HtPOIDRa, ;u,a.m,He-
130CTO"tffiIDi: RpoHIDHen, H1' OX130CTID1 CTpIDlt, eCHOn H RpaCHOso6Illi
ROHeR, BapaRynJRa, TaeJKHIDI CBepqOR, cepe1'O OB8..R: 1'aJItIRa, 6eJIaJr
aSOpeBRa, pHJKaH OBCHHlW, H 06HKH013eHHIlli CRBopen;)- ,IT)lII MaTepH-
ROBOH aCT:!'I OJIbXOHCR01'O paMOHa H "'IeTbIpe BE;IJ;a (6y]JOIqJWIM '
p.1K.8RKa, nopy-qeHmm, 6yprOMMCTp H 6e OKpWIM Rpa'tffia) BnepBHe
146
OTMe"tleHH RaR MH OCTpOBa, TaR JIt Mff MaTepHKOB01'O II06epem:bfl
MaH01'O MOpa.
RpOMe TOI'O, Ha.lJJH MaTepHaJIH rrOSBOJIHIOT YTO"tffiHT:b xa:{A9.RTep
IIpe6HBaHHR HeROTOpbIX BR 013 IITmJ; B MaJlOMOPCROM paMOHe OS.baM-'
RaJI.
lleIjPaBa (Hydroprogne tschegrava ) - 13 HaCTOfililee BpeMfl sa-
. eTHa.JI IITHD;a B LXOHCROM paMOHe. 3a TpH rOM pa60TbI OTMe eHO
TJeTupe CJIY1IM SaJIeTa 9'1'01'0 BH,IJ;a. Ha Ma.n:oe Mope.
TOHRolIaJIllli IIeCOTJHII[R ( Calidris subrninuta ) OTMe eH 13 mo-.
JI.H. 1976 1'. B sa60 OTJeHHOH MeJIROROTfROBaTOtJ: rroKlVIe p.CapMbI, IIO-
pocmeit ocoKoti 11 He60JI:bIIWMH l\YCTHKaMItI Rapmlli0130ti l1Bl1, Ha.1tn:eHo
e1'O rHe3 0 C "tleTHp:DMfI CJIa.60lIaCIDKeHHHMH smI.T,a.MR. BTopoe 1'HeS O
STOI'O pe,1Utoro Rymma Ha.1ii..D;eHo 21 HIGHfl 1978 1'.
TypyXTaH ( Philornachus pugnax) BCTpeTJeH 24 moHH 1977 1'. B
IIof!:Me p.CapMH. OTMe"tleHO TpH TORYJ01IWX ca.Mr(a, a CnyCTfl TPH .u;HH
He aJIeRO OT MeCTa TOROBl1Ina HaH.n.eHo I'Hes o C 4 CBe.JJrnMH smW3.-'
MH. llepes 20 .u;HeH (17 1'JIDJI.f.I) :!'IS mIX BH.JJyIrnJnIC:D IITemw.
JII1TEPATYPA
I. r arM H a T.R. ITTJI! BaaRa a H ITpH6aMKa :b.fl. - B KH.:
3amlCRH MpR.o6 .RpaeBe .MyseR. MPKJ!TCR, 1958, 0.173-191.
2. r a l' H H a T.R. llTl1D;bI BOCTO'llJOI1 CI!61!PH (CroWOR H pa-
cnpocTpaHeHHe). - Tp./Eapr.yS1lHCRHE 1'oc.sanoBe.n;HHR, M., 1961,
BHrr.3, 0.99-123.
3i JI M T B MHO B H.M., r a l' 11 H a T.H. nTI! OCTpOBa
O XOH. - B RH.: aKO 01'1l.fI nTM BOCTOTfHOM CM6HPH. MpRYTcR, 1977,
c.I76-188.
4. T peT L n ROB A.B. K OpHl1TOwaYHe o.O :bXOH, no Ha-
eHHRM 9RclIe D;KM 1933 1' - Tp./BocT.CH6.1'oC.YH-T, 1934,
Jj 2, c.II8-133.
147
IO.I1.MeJIDHEROB
HOBbIE CBE,1IEHID1 0 mJtU..WC OOIoro fAfi1KAJIA
B BOCTO'tIHoii CE:6:Hj)H ;n;e Ta p.CeJIeHI'H (Iaxi.mlii Ea.iJ:Ka.n:) O;IJ;HO
E:S Han60 ee Iq)ynHl:lX MeCT Roa:qeHTpa.IJ;KH IIp:r.mo;n;HHX IITHIJ: I)aK Ha
IIpOJIeTe, TaK E: Ha I'HeS;n;ome, TeM He MeHee JmTepaTYPHbIe CBe;n;e-
HHH 0 HeRoTopax E:S HEX OTpHBO HbI H He TO . Oc06eHHO STO Ka-
caeTCH B11'.!I;0B MaJIO'tiHC eHHEIX HJIH Be,Ir;yll11DC CIq)HTHbIii 06pas JKHSHH.
1l000eBHe pa60TH B STOM pallOHe IIpOBO,IJ;WIHC:C HaMIl C 1973 1'.
IIO 1978 1'. HmKe IIp:r.mO,IL!!TCH ;n;aHHbIe 0 BCTpe ax E: CBe,n;eHHH IIO
6HOJIOnm eTl:lpex B11'.!I;0B, paHee s;n;ec:c Ha 1'HeS;n;OB:ce He OTMe aB-
nniXCH.
1IErPABA ( Hydroprogne caspia Pall . B BOCTO'tIHoii acTR CCCP
B HaCTOHmee BPeMR I'HeS TCR Ha os.EapyH-Topeii B To-BoCTO HOM
3a6a.illiaJIM [3] H Ha os.JCa.Ima B ITpRMOp:ce [3,2] HSomIpOBaHHHMI'J:
RO OHJ1L9MllI. T .H.ra.rmra [IJ Ha OCHOBamm ;n;06wm B 1933 r. Ha
o. :SO lllOH Tot1:JmR (MaJIoe Mope) o,WIoii IITmJ;H C'TIITaeT erpaBY
o eH:C pe,rotIDil 1'He3 m.!CH B11'.!I;0M EaHRaJIa. 1l0Me STOH HaxO.n;RR
;n;OMoe BpeMH ee HHRTO Ha EatiRaJIe He OTMe a.rr. Ha mIa.!I C 19721::.,
B YCT:ce p. BepxHeH AH1'apu exeI'O.n;HO BCTpe a.Tmc:c He60RDnrne rpyn-
I!H e1'rA3.B [6 , 5J, a C 1974 1'. - B ;IJ;e Te p.CeJIeHI'H. B CMSH
C aTIDiI B.C.Ca,D;ROBIlM 6wra BHCKasaHa MIlCJIb 0 BOSMOJKHOM 1'HeS;n;O-
:saIDm ee Ha Eafuta.n:e [5 '.!. ITpR ,n;eT8.7IbHOM 06CJIe;n;OBaHRR eJI:CTIl P.
Ce eHI'R B 1977 1'. BIIepBHe 6wm Hall eHH ROJIOmm STOH IITHIJ;II E:
C06PaHH HeROTOpbIe CBe;n;eHRff 0 ee 6E:0JI01'RR.
HaR60 ee paHHIDi nproreT OTMe eH 30 anpeJI.iI 1977 1'. (BpeMfI
BCIq)HTIDI peRR). 06wrno JKe He60 lIlHe rpyIIIIll me BCTpe a.Tmc:c B
Cpe,WIeH 1ffi.CTH e TH C 17-19 MM. YItaSaHHHe CpORE He OTp82Ka-.
m eiiCTBHTeRDHI:lX ;rrp.T MaCCOB01'O IIpMeTa, IIOCRO RY B STott
1ffi.CTH e TH HeT IIO;n;xo,II;!III!IDC MeCT ,IJ;JI.!I 06RTa.HItfI erpa.BH. Bepo-
HTHO, MacCOWH IIpMeT me IIpmcO,IUiTCH Ha ROHeD; IIepBOH -. Ha a.n:o
BTopofi eR Mall.
rHe3,IUlTCH Ha HHSRHX :wmCTIlX E: IIec a.HHX OCTpOBax, ;Its.7IeRO
B;IJ;aIOntIDCCR B Eafuta.n:. HaM RSBeCTHO TIJ]! ROJIOmm (.JIHtIHHe HaxO,ILRH
J! co06meHHH MeCTHI:lX JKHTe eR). OHR paCIIOJIOJKeHbI CpaBHHTe HO
148
He;It8.7IeRO ;n;pyr OT ;n;pyra (1000-1500 M) Y BIIa,JJ;eHRff IIpOTORE
Kp:r.mM B EaiiRaJI. Han60JIee RpYIIHaJ'I RS HHX 8 HIOH.fI 1977 1'. 6wra
;IJ;eTa.JThHO 06c e 0BaHa.. KOJIOHIDl paSMemeHa Ha ,n;OBO DHO 6o moM
(ORO O 4 1'a) :wmCTOM oCTpoBe, BI:WOKa.!! aCT:C ROToporo, ryCTO
IIopocmM Bo;n;.mroii coceHRoH, SaHma IIJIOTHOii RO OImeH CRSOR ai}.
RR (60 1'Hes,n;). Ha STOM JKe OCTpOBe HaXO.IJ:[1JIOC:C o eH:b ;n;:mIxPysHoe
IIOce eHl1£e MaJIOH afum (12 rnes ) H CMemaHHM ROJIOHHH pe Hott
afum (25-30 1'Hes,n;), Ma.n:OH a.Hlm (12 rHes;n;) 1'1 pe'tIHHe Rpa:qR1'1
(ro rnes,n;). KO OHHH erpa.B paclIoJIa.:raJIac:c Ha OBO HO BHCOROM
MeCTe, IIO TIiI JImIleHHOM paCTHTeJIbHOCTItI, B HelIocpe,n;cTBeHHoH 6Jm-'
SOCTE: OT BO;n;u (25-30 M). IIoce.rreHIiIe OT}!M aJIOCD 'o eH:C IIJIOTHbIM
pacIIOJIOJKeHHeM I'Hes,n; (Ha IIJIOIl!a,JU! 30 x 18 M -. roo Ma,JJ;OR). Kpo-.
Me STOro,B 50-80 M HaiiAeHo ,IJ;Be 0,D;IDI01llib1X RJIa,IJ;RR.
rHeS;n;o n:Pe CTaBJLfIeT C060H He60JI:cmoe, IIO cpaBHemm C pa::Me-
poM IITm(H, yr.ny6 eHl1£e B Me. llpIDilepHo Y 30% IDileJIaCL He3Ha R-
Te Ba.!I BHCT:w:rna E:S cTe6JIeH TpaB. RHu.a RpyIIH.lle (MM) 60,9 -.
70,2 x 42,0 - 46,2, B cpe,WIeM 64,5 x 44,8 (n=20), C o eH:C
60 moii Ba eH Wop.n., OIq)acRR CROpn:ylIH, pasMepa, ROHWKrY-
pa.:o;IDI: R pacnOJIOJKeHHH IImeH. qHCJIO Ma,JJ;OR C TpeMH aMH HaJtI-.
60JIbmee - 54, C .D:BYMR - 21, C 0,WmM - 24 H O.n;Ha C IIHTLID .ffi.i-
IJ,aMR. llotJTH Bce rnes;rrp. C TpeMH IDiIJ;aMH Ha.X:O.IJ;MHC:C B D;eHTpe RO-
0IDll:'[ H 6wm CM:CHee HaCIDKeHH, a C 0;D;ImM JrliI.\oM pacIIOJIa.I'a.JJ1IC:C
Ha ee lIepnwepRItI. aTO cmI,IJ;eTeRDCTByeT B 1I00000SY Toro. 'lITO IITIiI-
D;H, IIepl3HMItI IIpHcTYImBlill'Ie R .IDhJ;eRJIa,IJ;Re, SaCeJImOT u;eHTpaJI:&IJy1O
aCTL IIoce eHl1£.fI.
ITpou;ecc WOpMHpoBa.IDIH RO OIDll:'[ paCTRHYT: 8 WOHfI, HanpIDilep,
BCTpe aJIHc:c K8.R HacueHHlle, TaR H a6COJIlOTHO CBeJKHe Ma,:n:ICR.
GyM IIO CTeneIDI HaCUeHHOCTItI, lIep:oo:e 6wm OT OJKeHbl B ROH-
u;e TpeT:ceH ,n;eRa,IJ,H MaJI.
B lIepHO;n; HaCIDK!IBaHl1£.fI IiI BHKapM.7IHB8.HRll IITeH:qoB erpa.BH ep-
JKaTCR B Henocpe.n;cTBeHHO 6JD11:S0CTH OT IIOCeJIeHHH II! JIl'IIIIL e;n;:mnrq-.
HHe OC06R y,n;BJIJlB1TC.fI OT Hero ;n;o meCTItI RBJIOMeTpoB. OCHOBBa.!I JKe
aCT:C me ROprvm:TCR He ;IJ;aJIee l£BYX ImJIOMeTpOB OT Ro omm.
OCeH:bID HaH60JIee II03 e BCTpe-rm npItIXOMTCR Ha 18-20 ceHTRO-
p.a:.
06mafI Hc eHHOCT:C e1'paBH B eJIr,Te p.Ce eHI'H o:qemmaeTCR
HaMH B 380-400 oc06ett
EFJIOurEKAfI KPAtIKA ( Chlidonias hybrida Pall . B 6accefiHe
149
OS.Ea.i1:ItaJI paRee STOT BH,IJ; mmeM He OTMe"tJ8.1ICSI. 25 MaS! 1974 r.
HalVJl1[ Ha BeCeHHeM IIpo eTe BlIepmle OTMe-qeHH ;D;Be OC06H. 17. 22,
25 IDDH.H ST01'O !te 1'o a 13 HeOORDmO ROJIOHKH 6e 01tp.l:lJIHX Rpa-qeR
(II I'Hes ), paclIMOOteHHott Ha CJIa.60 ym:amreHHOM XBOllteBOM 60-
JIOTe, nOCTOSIHHO OTMe-qa.naCL 6e.n:01lteRaJI ltpa1IRa. XapaKTep ee no-
Be eHHSI He OCTaB.ItffJI COMHeIIHSI B TOM, -qTO OHa s ecI:. I'HeS;D;WIac:&.
B 1975 1'. 6e 0IlteEa.f.t Rpa-qRa OTMe-qeHa TpmK,IJ;H: 22 MaJI, 8 II 12
mDHff. C ST01'O 1'O,u,a 'tffiCJIeH1Ioc'JJ;& HX B eJIDTe Ce.n:eHI'H S8MeTHO
BOspacTaeT -. O.U;lmo"tJIDlX nTmJ; OBOJ.I:bHO -qaCTO MOJItHO BCTpeTH'T;& B
Te-qemre moHff H nepBOit IIOJIomnm IDOJISI IIOCTOHHHO B 06mecTBe 6e-
JIOItpHJIHX 11 pe-qHbIX Kpa"tJeK H .n;aJlte rpynIIaMIiI .n;o 15--20 SRS.
15 moHJI 19771'. mepme Ha. Ea.i1:RaJre Ha.lJ:,JJ;eHa jcOJJOH1I5'1 6e.n:0Ilte-.
KID( Kpa-qeR HS IO 1'HeS ,H B 400 M OT OCHOBJIQJ'.o !!OCM€UIDI, cpe-
.u;H 6eJIORpliJillX Kpa-qeR, 06HapyxteHo elite ,1.U3e K.JJMKt1. .:-nTlI:qli noce-
.1lliJIIICI:. OBMLHO ;nn@lysHoi1: Ro omrei1: (80 x 35 M). .:.'ues.n;o npe -
CTaBJIHeT OBM:&HO :BHyI1mTe.n::&HyIO, CpaBmrTeJI:bHO C pasMe XITH-'
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60 ee 'tIlICTHMlI TOHaMH OCHOBHOtt ORpaCIm CROpJIYTIH, MeHDIlIHM pas-
BHTHeM rurrmwTOCTH H cI10PMoit. PaSMepH (MM): 35,9 - 43.5 x
x 26,7 -. 30,0, B cpe.u;HeM 39,3 x 28,4 (n:::20), y OeJIOltpHJIoii:
31,5 - 38,2 x 23,1 -.27,0, B cpe.u;HeM 35,7 x 25,6 (n=105). B
cpeMeM 6eJIOlltelwti Rpa"tIIm KpynHee, -qeM Y OeJIOKpWIoit.
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6eJIoRPIlJIHe Rpa.'IffilI, STII IITElUl IIpo OJIJKalOT ROpMPITL Y!te JIeT8IOIJ!I2!X
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150
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[2]. Bnep'BHe B eJII:.Te p. Ce eHI'H MaJIM KpaliRa BCTpe-qeHa HaMH
II moHJI 1977 1'" B aTOM Jlte ro.uy ObIJIO saperncTpHpoBaHO elite 5
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3 l'IDHSI 1978 1'. A.B.lliRHRapeHKo B CTae pe Rpa-qeR lIS 8
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IIOJIHaJI KJIa,IJ;Ra. COCTORT HS 7-9 mm; (B cpe eM 8), ROToplle
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pacrrpoCTpaHeHl1e). - Tp./EaP1'YSMHCR.roc.saIIOBeJJ:HHR., 1961, Burr.
3, c.99-123.
2. .n e M e H T L e B rw. OTPM qatiKM. - B RH.: ITTH Co-
B€TCR01'O COlOsa. M., 1951, c.372-603.
3i 11 B B HOB A.M KaTa 01' IITHQ CCCP - JI.: HaYKa, 1976.
- 275 c.
4. M e b H H ROB ID.M. OKO OI'HR 6e oRpano RpaTfRH
BoCTOtJRoti CM611PH. - B KH.: 8RO 01'Rfl nTHQ BoCTOTIHQti CH6Hpa. Mp-
RYTCR, 1977, c.59-92.
5 C a ,n: ROB B.C. MaT€pl1aJIbI no SRO 01'M1l osepHoti H MB-
oti TfaeR C€B€pHOrO Eai1Ra a H CBe,n:eHHR 0 sa eTBX qaMROBbIX IITM:q.
- B RH : 8KO 01'M IITMlt BoCTOTfHOi! CM6HPJ'J. MPRyTCK, 1977, c.I09-
128.
6. T 0 q H H B.A., JI M n 11 H C.M., M e b H H ROB
ro 11 HOBbI€ aHHbIe 0 paclIpoCTpaHeHl1M nTI'J B ITpM6atiRa e.- B RH.:
Y1 BcecolOsHa OpHl1TO 01'MqeCRaR ROH epeH (Tes.,IJ;oRJI.)/MoCK.
YH-T. ,,7., 1974, q.1, c.244-245.
7. III Belt 0 B IO:.r. I'! III Belt 0 B a M B. ITTHIW ,IJ;eJIl>TbI
Ce €HI'l1. - HSB./11PKYTCRl1M C-X.MH-T, 1967, BHIT.25, c.224-231.
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CTp. 65-72
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