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Georges Dumezil
ROMANS
DE SCYTHIE
ET D'ALENTOUR
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CKI1 GJbI
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PAYOT, PARIS
1978
MOCKB3
«HAYICA»
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1990

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c MHAoeBponeiicKoH MHO)lOrHeii.
4604000000-031
JJ. 013(02)-90
104-89
66K 82
ISBN 5-02-016569.7
@ Payol, 1978, Paris
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OJ1HHM H3 nHoHepoB H3yqeHHH H3b1K3 H KYJIbTYPbl qepKeCOB,
H. <1>. 51KoBJIeBbIM, H, B qaCTHOCTH, KorJ1a HacKopo npocMaTpHBaJi
nepBblH BblnycK «naMHTHHKOB,,4 (1925 r.), H HHTYHTHBHO nOqYB-
CTBOBaJI, KaKYIO pOJIb npH3BaHbJ HrpaTb oceTHHCKHe Tpa.D.Hl!HH B
H3yqeHHH HHlloeBponei1cKoro HaCJIeJ1HH, J1eJIe, KOTOPOMY H C06HpaJI-
CH nOCBHTHTb >KH3Hb H B KOTOpOM HCK8JI Tor,n,a - He OlleHb ycnelll-
HO - nepBYIO nYTeBO.n.HYIO HHTb. T8K nOHBHJIHCb .n.Be KHHfH, Bblnyc-
KOM KOTOpbIX MHe XOTeJIOCb Ctf,eJI8Tb 3noc .n.ocTynHblM ,n,nH Tex, KTO
He HTaeT HH no-pYCCKH. HH no-oceTHHCKH, HH H8 R3b1K8X CeBep-
1I0ro I<aBKa3a. B OJ1HOH KHHre- «J1ereHJ1bl 0 HapTax» (1930 r.)-
H3JIaralOTCH nOI.JTH ace ,n,ocTynHble B TO BpeMH BapHaHTbI CK83aHHH;
K HeH npHJIO>KeHO HeCI<OJIbKO 33MeTOK, B KOTOpblX 06H8p O .n.O B 3HbI
pe3YJIbT3TbI MOHX cpaBHHTenbHO-HCTOpHGeCKHX H3bICKaHHH; 0,n,H8
H3 33MeTOK nOCBRll.leHa H3JIO>KeHHIO H ,n,onOJlHeHHIO nporp8MMHOH
CTaTbH B. <1>. MHJIJIepa. Ony6JIHKOBaHHaH TpHJ1uaTb fiHTb JIeT cnyc-
TH «f(HHra 0 repOHX» eCTb nepeBO,n, C oceTHHCKoro H3b1K8 60JIbllleH
2 TpeTHH TOM Ha3B3HHoro CJJOBapH BblIl1eJI B CBeT B 1979 r.
" ABTOP, cJJeA}7S1 ,naBHeH TpaAHLtHH, Ha3b1B3n "lepKeCaMH Bce aAblfCKHe Hapo-
,nN. ropCKHMH TaTapaMH - 63JIK3pUeB H Kapal/aeBlteB
t HMeeTCSI B BH,ny C60P"HK «naMflTHHKH YCTHoro Hapo,nHoro TBOpl/eCTB8 oce
THH:'>. naMflTHHKH. I.
8
9

5 3TO H3AaHHe BblWJIO B CBeT B 1986 r., He38Ao";iro AO KOHtU1HbI 8BTOp8.
Ii XOTH, BpalilaHCb B Kpyry npHBbIqHbIX J\JIH MeHH np06JIeM,
51 B T€qeHHe nHTHAeCHTH eT 6oee Bcero HHTepeCOBacH «HHAOeB-
poneHCKHM HaceAHeM» CKHq,OB, XOTH 51 H OtThHCHHJI, HanpHMep,
TeCHYIO aHaorHIO Me.>K.lI.Y OCeTHHCKHM CblPAOHOM H cKaH.lI.HHaB-
CKHM J10KH TeM, qTO 3TOT THn, CflO.>KHBliIHHCH Y 0611lHX npeAKOB
Tex H J\pyrHx, 6b1JI coxpaHeH H TeMH H J\PYrHMH, H He OTpHUBIO
Ba>KHOCTH H HHOro pOila np06JIeM 3aHMCTBOBaHHH. DpHqepHOMOp-
CKHe H npHKacnHHCKH€ KpaH BCefAa CJIy>KHH MeCTOM TpaH3HTa HJIH
BpeMemroii OCTaHOBKH, H ilBH>KeHHe Me>KJ\Y BBJITHKOii H Cpe.n.H3€M-
HOMopbeM. 6bIBlllee O>KHBeHHbIM C AOHCTOpHqeCKHX BpeMeH. npo-
XO.lt,HO no CKHq,CKHM 3eMHM. B CBH3H C 3THM O.lt,Ha H3 TaKHX
np06JIeM cerol(HH npH06peTaeT Heo>KHilaHHYIO 3JI060J\HeBHOCTb, H
B HeKoTopbIX cyqaHX 51 6YAY Ha Hee CCbIJIaTbCH: MOH KOJIJIera
)l(03JIb fpHCBap CTaJI HaxOJ\HTb COOTBeTCTBH>I Me>KilY ,mOCOM oce-
THH H 3nOCOM OCTpOBHbIX KeJIbTOB. npHqeM CTOJIb TOqHble H nopa-
3HrebHb1e. qTO OHH He MorYT 6b1Tb cyqafiHblMH. Lho 3TO - 06w.ee
HaCJIeAHe? 3aHMcTBOBaHH€? ABTOp CKOHHeTCH K llepBOMy T€3HCY,
HO nOAqepKHBaeT B TO }Ke BpeMH, qTO Me.>K.lI.Y KebTHKOH H «eBpo-
neHcKHM HpaHOM» 1I.oro nO.lUlep>KHBaaCb npHMaH CBH3b qepe3
BoreMHIO, BeHrepCKHe CTenH H JJ:YHaii. BOT-BOT J\OJI>KeH OTKpblTbCH
.n.pYfOH nYTb, HeO>KHAaHHblH, n03BOJI, HIOW.HH T3K CK33aTb, q,H3Hqe-
CKH AOCTaBHTb «eBponeHCKHX HpaHueB» HenOCpeACTBeHHO K H311Ie-
MY «6pHTaHCKOMY MaTepHaJIY»: C. CKOTT JIHTTJITOH H3 JIoc-AHJUKe-
JJeca npH06w.HJI K Aey TOT 4>aKT, qTO nHTHTblCHqHblH BcnOMora-
TeJIbHblH OTPH.lI. C3pMaTOB, nOCTaBJIeHHblH pHMJIHHaMH nepeA CTeHOH,
KOTOpa>l CO BpeMeH HMnepaTopa AJ\pHaHa J\eJIHJIa 3TOT 60JIbllJoii
OCTpOB, OCT3BaCH TaM H nOCJIe YXO.lI,a pHMCKHX JIerHOHOB. LITO >Ke
npHHeCJIH C co60ii HX a3J\bI H nOXOJ\Hble >KpeUbI? 06 3TOM 6YilYT
cnopHTb.
CKHcj>bI npH3BaHbI HrpaTb Ba>KHYIO pOJIb nepBOHCTOqHHKa H ne-
pe.lI.BTOQHOH HHCTaHIlHH H Ha ApyroM nOJIe HCCJIe.n.oBaHHH, KOTopoe
OTKpbl.1 H BOT Y>Ke 6e3 MaJIoro J\BaJ\uaTb JIeT npHJIe>KHO B03J\eJIbI-
BaeT Moii J\pyr, npocj>eccop YHHaepCHTeTa C3ii-K3ii B TOKHO Auy-
XHKO PIocHAa, H B 3TOM Aee K HeMy H€.n.aBHO npHCOe.lI,HHHCH erO
KOJIJIera Tapo 06a>lCH: pe% HJ\eT 06 H3yqeHHH CB>l3eii Me>KJ\Y
HnoHcKoH MH4>oOrH€H Ii H.lI.eOJIOrHeH HH.lI.OeBpOneHueB. CM. Ha
cj>paHUY3CKOM H aHrJIHiicKOM >l3b1Kax: Yoshida, La mythologie
japonaise, essai d'interpretation structurale.- RHR 160, 1961,
c. 47-66; 1I, 1962, c. 25-44; 163, 1963, c. 225-240; Some
Parallel Mohfs between Greek and Japonese Myths.- Bulletin of
the Faculty of Humanities, Sei-kei University. 9, 1973, c. 1-4;
Mythes japonais et ide010gie tripartite des Indo-Europeens.-
Diogene 98, 1977, c. 101-124. focnoJ\HH 06a>lCH pacnpoCTpaHHJI
3TO TOJIKOBaHHe Ha KopeiicKYIO nOqBY: «Nihon Shinwa no Nozo»
(<<CTpYKTypa >lnoHcKoii cj>HJIOJIOrHH»). TOKHo, 1974; «Rodai Nihon
Choen no Saiho no San 0 no Rozo» (<<CTpYKTypa nepBblX Tpex
Uapc.-B B Ll.peBHeii Ropee H Ll.peBHeii 5JnoHHH»)- H B H3J\aHHH
A. 11.0CHJ\bI, «Hikaku - Shinwagaku no Genzai» (<<liTor cpaBHH-
TeJIbHOii MHcj>OJIOrHH»). TOKHo, 1975, c. 46-89.
lI3CTH C60pHHKa «HapTbI K3JUI.>KbITa:::», B KOTOpOM BCKope nOCJIe
OKOHIIaHHH BoiiHbI 6bI"lH cKOH.lI.eHcHpoB3Hbl pe3YJIbTaTbi lllHpoKoro
cpObKopHoro HCCJIeAOB3HHH, He npepb1BaBWerOCH It.a.>Ke B nepH-
0.lI, BoeHHbIx .lI.eikTBHH.
C ilpyroii CTOpOHbI, co BpeMeHH cBoero npe6bIBaHH>I B TypuHH
H ilO nOCTyn.1e1lHH Ha pa60TY B ROJIJIe>K J\e <1>paHc >I nOCTO>lHHO
npH6era K HCnO'1b30BaHHIO oceTHHCKHX .lI,aHHbIX npH HcceAOB3-
HHH HH.L.O€BpOneikKHX MaTepHaJIOB. 3a 1I.Ba.lI,UaTb eT npenO.lI.aBa-
HHH B u K.oJI.ae>Ke 51 nOCBHTHJI HapTOBCKOMY mocy HeCKObKO KypCOB
..leKI1.HH. CYTb KOTOpb1X H3araeTcH B pa3Hl:lHblX MOHX CTaTbHX.
HaKOneu.. B TpeTbeH q3CTH nepBoro TOMa «MH4> H 3noc» (H3AaH-
IIof, B ]968 r. H HcnpaB.J1€HHOH 6e3 H3MeHeHHH n3rHH3I.J.HH npH
BTOpOM H3J\aHHH, 1973 r.) 6bIJIO ilaHO 06lilee npei\CTaBJIeHHe 0
c06paHHH HapToBcKHX CKa3aHHH B TOM BH.lI,e. B KaKOM OHO CJIO>KH-
JIOCb K HaCTOHlileMY BpeMeHH. H r aBHbIM 06pa30M H3Y1J:eHbI 3nH-
30Abl. nOCTpOeHHbI€ H3 TpHcpYHKUHOHabHbIX TeMax. 1136paHH3H
11aCTb 3TH X HCC1e,lWBaHHH 6bIJIa ony6JIHKOB3Ha H3 PYCCKOM H3b1Ke
no;! Ha3DaHHeM «OceTHHCKHii 3noc H MHcj>OJIOrH>I>} (MocKBa, 1976,
27;) c.); OT06paJI TeKCTbI, HanHCaJI nOCJIeCJIOBHe H cHa6i1HJI KHHry
Ba>KlIblMH npHMe'IaHHHMH B. 11. A6aeB, nepeaeJIa ee A. 3. AJI-
M330Ba.
B n3cToHlUei-i pa60T€ He nOBTopHIOTCH r€ OTpbIBKH. l\1.Horoe He
6bl.J10 H3.lI.aHo. 3 eCH B 3TOH KHHre H BCTpe 1 1310TCH ony6HKoBaH-
HbIe paHee M3TepHabI. TO OHH npenOAHeceHbI C HHOH CTOpOHbI, B
CBere 1I.3HHb1X, nOHBHBlllHXCH n03AHe€, Ii B CBH3H C HOBbIMH npo6-
,,:J€MaMH. O}KeT BbI3BaTb YJlHBeHHe TO. qTO He 6bwa npHBeQeH3
OCeTHHCKa>l qaCTb Moero «JloKH» (1948 r.), THpa>K cj>paHUY3CKOro
H31I.aHHH KOToporo AaBHO pa30lllecH: A€JIO B TOM. qTO rOTOBHTCH
HOBaH peA3KIJ.HH «JIOKH» - 60€e TlUaTebHaH. C np€JI.",lO.>KeHH€M
60e€ pa3BepHYTbIX cp3BHeHHH s.
B 3aK.1lOqeHHe - ilBa 3aMeqaHH>I: 0 npOIlJJIOM H 0 6YJ\YlileM.
Pa3i1eJI>I>I TOqKY 3peHH>I Bc. MHJIJIepa, H3JIO>KeHHYIO HM B
1882 r., 51 He HaBH3bIB31O ee qHT3TeJIIO KaK eAHHCTBeHHO B03MO>K-
HYIO, HCKJIlOqalOlilYIO JII06ble J\pyrHe. XOT>I TpaJ\HI1H>I, BepHO xpa-
HHM3H OC€THHaMH, H npOJIHBaeT CBeT H3 .MHOfHe CBHAeTebCTB3 0
CKH<j>ax, npHBO!(HMbIe fepOiJ,OTOM H JIYKHaHOM, He MeHee nJIoilO-
TBopeH H npaBoMepeH ilPyroii nyTb - 06palilaTbC>I 3a pa3'b>lCHeHH>I-
MH K «crenHblM u.apc1 BaM» - rYHH3M. TlOpKaM. MOHroaM, YCOBHH
>KH3HH KOTOpblX 6bWH CXO>KH C 6bITOM CKH4>OB, capMaToB. aaH H
C KOTOpbIMH BOCTOLfH3H EBpona nOCTOHHHO BCTynaa B KOHTaK-
TbI - CTOJIKHOBeHHH. MHpHble CBH3H, nopoH COlO3bl. HanpHMep,
nOqepnHYT<Je y Bc. MHJIJIepa cpaBHeHHe CKHcj>CKHX noxopOHHbIX
06pH.lI.OB C OCeTHHCKHMH - 06 3TOM MO>KHO npOqeCTb HH>Ke - He
HCKJIlOqaeT .lI.aBI-IO npOBe.lI.eHHbIx n3paeeH C 06bI4aHMH HeKOTO-
pbIX CH6HPCKHX HapoiloB. CKHcj>CKoe «lIJaMaHCTBO», oc060 H3yqeH-
Hoe f(apJIOM MeJIH, 6bIJ10 peabHOCTblO. .lI.a}Ke eCH 3TOT 3BTOp H
npHnHC3n €MY 60JIbllle. q€M CJIeAyeT.
10
11

OGepKH. C06paHHbIe B HaCTOHI..U.eii KHHre. 6bIJIH pa36HTbi Ha
CeMb rpynn; nepBbIM lJJeCTIi npe,'lnOCJIaHO no HeCKOJIbKY CTpOK.
1I,alOIllHX B03MO>KHOCTb n01.lYBCTBOBaTb e1I,HHCTBO Ka>KJlOH H3 HHX.
OOJlrDTOBJIeHHbIe 1\ pa3HbIM CJIYllaHM. OHH 33KOHlleHbI He B paBHOH
CTeneHH: B OJlHHX - JlOraJlKH H HaMeTKH, JlpyrHe npeTeHllYIOT Ha
1I,OK333TenbHOCTb; OTCIOJla HeKOTopoe HeCOOTBeTCTBHe B nOJIHOTe
npHMellaHHH. KOTopbIe. KCTaTH. nOBCIOJlY orpaHHlleHbl caMbiM He-
06XOJlHMbIM. COBeTYIO lfHTaTeJIIO, npe>KJle qeM OTKpbITb 3TY KHHry,
03HaKOMHTbCH C TpeTbHM p33JleJIOM ynoMHHYTOH BbIllie pa60TbI
«MmjJ H ,noc», T. I: H He CTaHY 3J1eCb nOBTOpWfb HH COJ1epJKalI!lIe-
CH TaM HeKOTopbIe 061I!IIe paCCYJKJ1eHIIH, 1111 npe.L\noc..aHHoe pa3-
JleJIY BBe.J.eHHe B oceTHHCKHH 3noc. TeM He MeHee 51 CTapalCH 6bITb
HCHbiM H JlJISI Tex, KTO B ::nOH KHHfe BnepBbIe BCTpeTHTCH C oceTH
HaMH H CKH4>aMH.
no CJlEllAM CJ{l1ctJcJ{oro APECA
BepHOlilie. OKTH6pb 1976 r.
B lfeliTpe Kpyca MUtjJoll02u'tecKux np0611eM - H apT EaTpa3,
BblCOKWl 06pa3 OCeTUliCK020 imoca. J1 2epOfl EaTpa3a CTOllbKO 00-
U{e20 co CKUtjJCKUM 6020M, KOTOp020 repOOOT lia3blBaeT ApeCOM,
'iTO aTO CXOaCTBO 'iepT npuBoiJuT K onpeaeJteliHOMY TeOA02UtleCKO-
MY «nOIiUMaIiUIO» oalili020 002a (a 2pe.eCKUU UCTOPUK noop061i0
onUCblBae1 TOAbKO e20 KY.'lbT), 3aCTaB/lReT npunucaTb eMY CAOJIC-
IiYIO oeflTellbliocTb, KOTOpafl oOllee oUCJlCe, 'leM C ApecoM, c611uCJlCa-
eT e20 C Beou.ecKuM Hliopou.
Ho EaTpa3-2epou, a OTlilOOb lie 602, U KaK 2epou Oli coxpa-
HUA 'iepTbl UHaoeBponeuCKo2o BOUlia - TUK020, KUKUM npeaCTaB-
llfleLUb e20 ce6e, cpaBliuBafl oalilible HHOUU, rpelfuu, CKaliouliaBuu,
if pAaliaUU; B 'iQCTIiOCTU, 6a:JICHeUWUe C06blTUfl lia U3IieIiHOM
nym zepOfl, pRO .pe3Mepli0 CJlCeCTOKUX nocTynKoB U pflO UCnblTaIiUU
OTllUTbl no MepKe Tpex 06UjeCTBeliliblX tjJYIiKlfUU.
C TO'iKU 3peliUR TeO/102U'ieCKOU, UCXOafl U3 lieaaBHUX BepOBa-
IiUti ocemli, «tjJYIiKlfUIO HIiOpbl» BbtnOlllifllOT OBa pa3liblX no npo-
UCXOJICOeliUIO nepCOliaCJICa. Bo-nepBbIX, CBflTOU Hllbfl, npULUeaLUUU
U3 BU3GJtTuzlcKo2o XPUCTUUHCTBa B nOAliblX aocnexax B/lacTeAulia
2p03bl, U, BO-BTOPb'X, Tb'XOCT- oyx KopeliIiOU, MeCTHb'U; Oli, 6e3-
YCllOBHO, npflMOU, OCTeneliUBLUUUCfl liaClleOIiUK CKutf;CK020 Apeca-
U B CBOUX 06R3aliliOCTflX pacnopflOUTellfl 2p03bl (TYT Oli 3aMeUjUeT
CBflT020 HllblO), U KaK 3aUjUTliUK celleliUfl.
BOT Te TpU lianpaBlleliufl, KOTOpble 6YOYT npOllOCJICelibl liapfldy
C lieKoTOpblMU OPYCUMU; UMeeTCfl B BUOY npeCJICoe Bce20 M1i02006e-
UjalOUjuu nYTb, lieoaBIiO liaMe.eliliblU )!( rpUCBapOMi npOClleOUTb,
'leAf, 06'ORCIiJlIOTCfl CBR3U, u, nO-BUaUMOMY, TeClible. MeJfCi)y anOCOM
oceTUH U anocaMU OCTpOBHblX KeAbToB.

I. BATPA3, ME4 H KOCTEP
raThIpb CTOJlb JKe .Q06pOHeTeJleH, CKOJlb H xpa6p. HH O.QHO CKa3aHHe
He npHnHCblBaeT €MY KaKOrO-JIH60 JII06oBHOro npHKJIIOGeHHH. H
J1Hlllb B H€MHOfHX OH H306pa>KaeTCH JK€HaTbIM. HO HeH3B€CTHO.
eCTb JIM Y Hero .lI,CTH.
4TO JKe KacaeTCH ero 6ypHoro HpaBa, TOH pOJlH, KOTOPYIO Hrpa-
eT Meq era BO BpeMH rp03bl. TO elile CTO .11€T Ha3a.n: 3TH lIepTbI 6bI-
JIM nO.lI,TBep>K.lI,eHbl OC€THHaMH. KOTOpblX paccnpallIHBaJIH nepBbI€
HCCJIe.lJ,OBaTeJIH.
«HapO.QHoe npe.QallHe,- nHCaJl ral.\blp lllaHaeB B 1876 r. 5 ,-
rJlaCHT, qTO Meq BaTpa3a 6hIJI 3a6pollieH B 4epHoe Mope, KOTopoe
nOJIYQHnO OT 3Toro H33B3HH€ KpacHoro, nOToMY llTO Meq 5aTpa-
33, BnHT3BlllHH B ce6H HapTOBCKYIO KPOBb. OTMblJI ee B Mope. Oce-
THHbI BepHT, (::ITO Met.! HaXO.!J.HTCH TaM AO cero BpeMeHH, H. Kor.lI.3
H3 3ana.lI.e H3GHHaeT CBepK3Tb MOJIHHH, OCeTHHbI npHnHCbIBalOT 3TO
6J1eCKY Meqa BaTpa3a, Bbl6paChIBalOII\erO ce6H H3 MOpH Ha He60
.lI,JIH HCTpe6JI€HHH HeQHCTbIX CHJI H qepTeH».
B .3noce CBH3b BaTpa3a C MOJIHH€H npOHBJIHeTCH c caMoro MO-
MeHTa ero pO>K.lI,eHHH. BOT H3JIO>KeHHe o.aHoro H3 BapHaHToB 3Toro
3HaMeHHToro CKa3aHHH 6.
CBH3H HapTa BaTpa3a I co CKHcj>CKHM ApecoM, KaK qalI\e Bcero
CBH3H repoeB 4>OJIbKJIOpa C MH4>OJIOrHQeCKHMH 60raMH, He CTOJIb
npOCTbI, KaK H npe.n.CTaBJIHJI HX ce6e B HaqaJIe CBOero OqepKa
1930 L, HO 3TH CBH3H HaJlHI.\O. 1I1HOrOqHCJleHHhIe BapHaHTbI, ony6-
JIHKOBaHHble 3a nOCJI€,D,HH€ nOJICTOJI€THH, rrOJI.TBep,D,HJIH HX cymecT-
BOBaHHe. XOTH BaTpa3 H He Apec, cnycTHBIllHikH B paHr 3nHqe.
CKoro nepCOHa>Ka, Bce >Ke 3TO 3nHGeCKHH nepCOHa.>K, cooTBeTcTBYIO-
II\Hii no npHpo.Qe Apecy, OTqaCTH nO.Q06Ho TOMY, KaK 1I1eHeJlaii B
«HJlHaJJ:e»-cip"'t<plAO (B03J1106J1eHHhIH ApecoM], TO eCTb cip"'IO
[BOHHCTBeHHhIH], nOJIyqHBUJHH .QOJlIO MHcj>HqeCKOrO HaCJle.QHH Ape-
ca - Toro Apeca, B KOTOpOM Mbl, 6e3YCJlOBHO. .QOJIJKHhI nO.Qpa3Y-
MeBaTb He CTOJIbRO rpeGeCKOrO 60ra, CKOJIbKO t50ra THna Be,D,HGe-
CKOro HH.Qpbl. B KOMneTeHQHIO KOTOpOro BXO.QHT HapH.Qy C onpe.Qe-
JTeHHblMH npHpO,D,HblMH HBJIeHHHMH - rp030H C ee aTpH6YTaMH 
rpOMOM H MOJIHHeH - ellle H COOTBeTCTBYlOlllaH cq,epa B >KH3HH
JIIO,D,eH - 3eMHbIe Cpa.>KeHHH C HX yqacTHHK3MH, BOHHaMH.
rp03HbIH BOHH H B 6010, H BH€ 60H - BOT GTO TaKoe no CYTH
CBoeH BaTp33; 3TO nO,D,TBep.>K.ZI.3e-r Hero HMH, 03HaQalOw.ee «oce-
THHCKHH 60raTbIpb»,- HMH OTHOCHTeJIbHO He,D,aBHee, T3K K3K nep4
BhIH CJIor ero npHUJeJl H3 TlOpKCKOro HJlH MOHrOJlbCKOro ba(a)tyr
(OTKY.Qa CJlaBHHCKoe «60raTblpb»)', HO, 6e3YCJlOBHO, npeJ\CTaBJlHIO-
lI\ee co60ii pe3YJlbTaT «OMOJlOJKeHHH» 60Jlee .QpeBHero CHHOHHMa.
l1cTpe6meJlb BeJlHKaHOB, 3alI\HTHHK CBoero Hapo.Qa, nOKa He CTaJl
ero rOHHTeJIeM, npOTHBHHK ,D,a>Ke CBepX'heCT€CTBeHHblX CYI..U.eCTB, OH
npeBOCXO,D,HT Bcex HapTOB BOHHCTBeHHOCTblO H CHJIOH. TOJIbKO pa,D,H
Hero nO.!J"HHMaeTCH C MeCT3 60JIblllaH BOJIllle6HaH Ilallla, BbIHBJIHIO-
lllaH n06e,D,HTeJIH B copeBHOB3HHH npaB,D,HBbIX paCCKa3GHKOB 0
CBOHX nO,D,BHraX 3: caM COCJI3H He Mo>KeT C006111HTb HHllero JIyq-
UJero. BOJlee TOro, Kor.Qa COCJIaH nona.Qae-r B TpY.QHoe nOJlO>Ke-
HHe - BO BpeMH JIH 60H HJIH HeOCTOpO>KHOrO JII060BHOro npHKJIIO-
qeHHH,- HMeHHO BaTpa3 ero cnacae-r, 6paHHT ero" H60 3TOT 60-
Ha OXOTe HapT XaMblQ 6epeT Ha npHl.\eJI npeKpacHoro
6eJIoro OJIeHH, KOToporo, 0,D,H3KO, nO,D,CTpeJIHBae-r. onepe.aHB
HapTa, KaKoH-To qeJIOBeqeK. K HeMaJloMY y.QHBJleHHIO Xa-
MbIIJ.a. lleJIOBeQeK IJ.e.'1HKOM OCBe.>KeBbIB3eT >KHBOTHOe, 6e3
TpY.Qa BOpOqaH TYIllY. OHH 6paTalOTcH, H qeJIOBeqeK npHMo-
TaKH H3YMJIHeT XaMblIJ.a, KOr,D,a Ha ero rJIa33X nOrJIOlll3eT
orpoMHoe KOJIHGeCTBO MHca. 3 3aTeM YCTpaHBaeT TaK, GTO HX
OxOTa npOXO,D,HT B BblCilleH CTeneHH ycnelliHO. nepe,D, TeM K3K
HM paCCT8TbCH, OH BbI,D,eJIHeT XaMb1IJ.Y ,D,Be TpeTH ,D,06bIGH: ,D,O-
JIIO cTaplllero, rOBopHT OH, H ,D,OJIIO TOBapHw.a no oxOTe. Do,D,
KOHeIJ. qeJIOBeqeK Ha3bIBaeT ce6H: OH H3 po,D,a EHIJ.eHT3. nJIeMe-
HH Ll.oH6eTTblpoB - .QYXOB BO.Q. OqapOBaHHblii, XaMhIl.\ npocHT
pa3pellleHHH B3HTb B JKeHbl O.QHY H3 .QOqepeH 3TOro qY.QecHoro
pO.Qa.
- Y MeHH eCTb cecTpa,- OTBeqaeT -q€JJOBetleK,- H Mbi 6bl
OT,D,aJIH ee 3a Te6H. IcIO, Bbl, HapTbI. JIerKH Ha oCKop6neHHe.
A MbI OT 06H,D,bI 3a60JIeBaeM, yrrpeK y6HBaeT Hac; 60lOCb, IlTO
TbI He CYMeellib 3alilHTHTb CBOIO .>KeHY...
- 3TO MOH 3a60Ta,- B03pa.>KaeT XaMbIIJ.,- OT,D,aHTe ee
3a MeHH.
4eJlOBeqeK .QaeT 06elI\a HHe H Ha3HaqaeT CpOK. B YCJlOB-
JIeHHOe BpeMH X8MbIIJ. BMeCTe c caMbIMH HMeHHTbIMH HapTa-
MH OTnpaBJIHCTCH K EHu.eHTa 3a HeaecToH. 0 Y>Kac! 310 Ma-
JIeHbKaH JIHrYlllKa! CBaTbI TYT .>Ke B03Bpaw.a1OTcH 06paTHo, HO
XaMbIIJ., 3a.aepJK3BlllHCb, cyeT JIHrYlliKY noJ]. ceJ].JIo. no B03-
BpaI..U.CHHH J].oMOH OH 6pocaeT ce,D,JIO Byron KOMHaTbl...
Ho'lblO CBeplllaeTCH qYiJ,O: JlHryUJKa npeBpalI\aeTCH B npe-
5 CCKr, IX. 2, 1876, . 21, npHMe<I. l.
;;; KL c. 173-177; cpo JIH. 1.J'g 11 (6 BapH8HToB).
I JIH. 3aM.TKa III, c. 179-180.
2 TOJJKOBaHHe ,:weMeHTa bat(y}r 6eccnopHO, 3JIeMeHT3 az - MeHee OtleBH.lI.HO;
.lI.OBO.lI.bI CM. Y B. H. A6aeBa B M3COH. "I. I. c. 240-241.
, CM. C. 176-178.
. HanpHMep, Kr, c. 202-204.
14
15

KpaCHYIO MOJIOJ1YIO >KeHll\HHY. KOTOpaH, CJIOBHO COJIHue, 03apH-
eT KOMHaTY. XaMbIl! npOCbmaerCH, cToJI6eHeeT OT BOcxHw.e-
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M01KeT CKHHYTb C ce6H KO.>KY JUlrYlliKH. a HOllblO He M01KeT B
HeH OCTaBaTbCH l1TaK, XaMblu J1ep>KHT >KeHY J10Ma. L!.eH-
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- He 60HCH 3a Hallle J106po,- rOBOpHT OHa,- TO, qero H
KacalOCb. He oCKy.n.eBaeT.
Ho /SeJ1a He 3a ropaMH. XaMblU 6e3 YMa OT CBoeH >KeHbI
H )la>Ke AHeM He XOqeT paCCT3BaTbCH C JIHrYlllKOH. O,n,Ha>K,D,bI
tJonpeKH ee MOJIb6aM OH cyeT JIHrylllKY B KapMaH H npHHO-
CHT Ha c06paHHe HapTOB-Hblxac. 3JIOH HapT CbIPJ10H J10ra-
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llTO He MO.>KeT 60.1bllle >KHTb co CHORM MY1KeM. H npOCHT OT-
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6bI He MOfJIa npOH3HTb. Ho YBbI! OOJI.CTaBb JIOnaTKH, H .lI.bIXa-
HHeM CHOHM 51 nepe.n.aM re6e 3apOJI,bIlll.
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onYXOJIb.
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npHHHMaeTCH OTCQHTbIBaTb lI.HH. no HCTelIeHHH cpOKa OHa
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rJIa3aMH: 3TO MaJIeHbKHH M3JIbQHK c paCKaJIeHHbIM CTaJIbHbIM
TeJIOM B3JIeTaeT BBbICb H naJI,aeT B Mope. npeKpaCHaH rOJIY-
6aH BOJI,a, HcnapHBlllHCb. npeBpamaeTCH B 06JIaKO Ha.n. BbI-
COXIIIHM JI,HOM. 3aTeM 06JIaKO, OXJIaJI,HBlllHCb, H3JIHBaeTCH
JI,O>K.lI.eM, CHOBa HanOJIHHeT Mope, H OHO BbIXOJI,HT H3 6eperOB.
CMeplI npoHocHTCH BHH3, H ceMb KOTJIOB He MorYT OCTaHO-
BHTb ero CTpeMHTeJIbHOrO JI,BH>KeHHH: YHJI,H no KOJIeHH B
3eMJIIO, OH BonHT, Tpe6YH BOJI,bl.
B J1PyroM BapHaHTe TaK paCCKa3b1BaeTCH 0 nOHBJIeHHH Ha CBeT
BaTpa3a 7.
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CaTaHa, C€CTpa H B TO >Ke BpeMH HeBeCTKa XaMblL\a, no-
CKOJIbKY OHa BbIIllJIa 3aMY>K 3a HX 06mero 6paT3 Ypbl3Mara,
BOJ1pY>KaeT Ha C€.QbMOM Hpyce 6alllHH 60JIbllloii CTaJIbHOii
HO>K, BUH3Y >Ke, Ha ypoBHe 3eMJIH, CTaBHT ceMb KOTJIOB BO-
J1b1. HaBepxy OHa HO>KOM BcnapblBa€T onYXOJIb XaMblua.
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CTH Ha l(aBKa3e, npHIIHMaTb Mepbl npeJ10CTOpO>KHOCTH npOTHB
rp03b1. «Bo BpeMH rp03bl,-nHCaJI B 1893 r. B r. BYHaToB-co
CJIOB apMHH 3IlMHa.n.3HHa, - C He6a naJI,aeT CTaJIb H rJIy60Ko 3apbI-
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nOTepHeT CBOIO CHJIY.
rp030noJ106HOe «60rOHBJIeHHe» BaTpa3a 6YJ1eT nOBToplITbCH Ha
npOTH>KeHHH BceH ero .>KH3HH. fepOH - JIH60 C caMoro pO.>K.lI.eHHJI,
JIH60 K KOHny .n.eTCTBa, y1Ke 3aKaJIHB CBQe CTaJIbHOe TeJIO,- nOKH-
,'IaeT CeJIeHHe HapTOB H OmpaBJIHeTCH >KHTb HJIH Ha He60 (HHOrJ1a
K KY3Heuy I(YPJ1aJIarOHY), HJIH nOJ1 BOJ1Y, K pOJ1HqaM CBoeH MaTe-
pH - J1oH6eTTblpaM. OTCIOJ1a OH H YCTpeMJIHeTCH Ha 3eMJIIO, KorJ1a
Ha Heii Tpe6Y€TCH ero npHC}'TCTBHe. (...)
EaTpa3, cnYCKalOII.J.HHCH Ha 3eMJIIO, HanOMHHaeT He TOJIbKO
MOJIHHIO: JI,bIXaHHe ero MorYlIe, KaK 6ypH. EMY .n.OCTaTOIIHO KaWJIJI-
HYTb, qT06b1 Bbl3BaTb yparaH, KOTOpblH pa36paCbIBaeT HapTOB Ha
ace lIeTbipe CTOpOHbI CBeTa, y6HBaeT OJI,HHX, KaJIetIHT JI,pyrHx 9.
L!.a>Ke nOCJIe CMepTH: KorJ1a no npHKa3Y 60ra BparH BaTpa3a-
Yau.HJIJIaTa H YaCTbIpJI,>KbITa, TO eCTb «CBHTbIe HJIbH» H «CBHTbIe
reOprHH», npH6JIH>KaIOTCH i\JIH norpe6eHHH ero TeJIa, H30 pTa re-
pOH BbIpbIBaeTCH TaKOH BHXpb, lITO llleCTb.n.eCHT H3 HHX norH6alOT 10.
OJI,Ha H3 «HeB03MO.>KHbIX 3aJI,alI», KOTopbIe BaTpa3 CTaBHT nepe.n.
HapTaMH BO HCKynJIeHHe BHHbI HX B y6HiicTBe ero OTua,- HanOJI-
HHTb canorH YMeplllero 30JIOH OT BceX rneJIKOBbiX TKaHeH, KaKHe
TOJIbKO 6bIJIH Y HapTOB H AX .>KeH; KOrJI,a llleJIKa CO.>K>KeHbI, «BaT-
pa3 npeBpamaeTCH B yparalI» H pa3BeBaeT neneJI ".
H, KOHeQHO, 6JIH30CTbIO BaTpa3a K npHpOJ1e MOJIHHH 06'hHCHH-
eTCH TO, IlTO CTaJIbHOH repOH OAHH CpeJI,H HapTOB nOJIb3yeTcH npH
CJIyqae CBOHM TeJIOM KaK CHapHJI,OM. 113HalIaJIbHO pellb lllJIa 0
CTpeJIe 12 - OHa COXpaHHJIaCb B HeCKOJIbKHX BapH3HTax; BaTpa3
3aCTaBJIHeT npHBH3aTb ce6H K HeiI, H CTpeJIa )].OCTaBJIHeT ero K
HenpHHTeJIbCKOMY roPPJ1Y HJIH BOHCKY. '-lame >Ke OH BeJIHT 3apH-
J1HTb c06010 nYlllKY, KaK H;J.POM. HanpHMep, CblH XH33 4eJIaxcap-
Tar nOXHlI!aeT >KeHY COCpbIKO (COCJIaHa) H J1ep>KHT ee y ce6H B
KpenOCTH. CaTaHa MOJIHT 60ra OTnYCTHTb Ha 3eMJIIO IOHOro HapTa,
>KHBymero Ha He6e. Bor HCnOJIHHeT ee MOJIb6y; EaTpa3 na.n.aeT,
K8K orHeHHaH rJIbI6a, nJIaBH H C>KHraH Bce Ha CBoeM nYTH. Y3HaB
7 JIH. N, 11.B, c. 51-52 (.lb. IllaHaeB, CCKr, 5, 2, 1987, c. 27-32).
B CMK, XVII, 2, 1893, c. 179.
, JIH. N, 18.a, c. 64 (raUblp IllaHaeB. CCKr, 9, 2. 1876, c. 9-20L
W JIH, N, 19-e, c. 72 (Bc. MHnJlep, 03, I, I, c. 24-26).
II JJH, N!! 18-a, c. 64 (CM IIH}Ke, C 28).
" JIH, N, 18.c, c. 66-67 (8. D<)Ja<)J, CCK, I, 1871, c. 168; N, 19.c, c. 70
(B. D<)Ja<)J, TaM }Ke): Kr, c. 206-232.
16
2 3SK. 712
17

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pa3 CTaJl ero paCCMaTpHBaTb, npHTBOpHO YJ1HBJlHTbCH.
B3rJIHHYJI Ha JIe3BHe H rOBopHT:
AH-aH-aH )l(aJIb, tJTO lIa TaKOM MetJe OCTaJIaCb 3a3y6-
pHHa!
J],a y>K, "T06 I!a TOM CBeTe HapTY XaMblL\Y eCTb
18
" Kr. c. 224-233.
17 Kr, c. 224-233.
2>
19

OCJIHHble KHIIIKH! Korlla H y6HBaJI ero, Me4 IlpHTYIlHJICH 0 ero
ll1ep6an,lii 3y6!
TaKoii rHeB 06YHJI EaTpa3a, 4TO Bonpoc cBoii OH 3allaJI
CJlHlIIKOM rrocnellIHO:
- CTapHK, a C KaKoii CTOpOHbI Y Bac BOCXOIIHT COJIHl\e?
He Mory rroHHTb. 3TOT Kpall MHe He3H3KOM.
EJlBa CaiiHar-aJIJlap nOBepHYJI rOJIOBY Ha BOCTOK, KaK
EaTpa3 HaHec eMY no IIIee TaKoii YJlap, 4TO rOJIOBa CaiiHar-
aJIJJ.apa CKaTHJIaCb H3 3eMJIIO.
«HapTbI He nOBepflT, 4TO H y6HJI CaiiHar-aJIJlapa»,- no-
JlYMaJI EaTpa3, OTPy6HJI Y y6HToro npaBYIO PYKY H B3HJI C
c060ii.
Tor.na ,LI}IH HapTOB H31l3JIHCb TH>KeJIbIe HeCqaCThfl: EaT-
pa3 py6HJI AX MellOM, )J.3BHJI KOlIbIT3MH CBoero KOHH. 4TO OHM
MorJIH nOJleJIaTb? HHKaKHM opY>KHeM HeJIb3H 6bIJIO ero cpa-
3HTb. KOf)J.3 OT 6eCQHCJIeHHOrO BOHcK3 HapTOB OCT3JIaCb JIHlilb
ropCTKa JIIOJlei'" EaTpa3 npHKa3aJI HM COOPYIIHTb eMY orpOM-
HYIO KY3HHl\Y C ropHOM. OHH B3rpOM03J1HJIH Ha Hee CTO B030B
BbI}I{}KeHHbIX .npeBeCHblx yrJIeH H. rrOCT3BHJIH no rneCTb MeXOB
B Ka>KJlOM yrJIY. nOCJIe TOro KaK pa3rOpeJICH orOHb, EaTpa3
6pOCHJICH B KocTep, H3KaJIEJJCH If, KorJJ.a pelilHJI, 111'0 npHllIJIO
BpeMH, npHKa3aJI HapTaM 6pOCHTb ero B Mope. OHH 6pOCHJlH
ero, H Mope CHJIbHO 3a6ypJIHJIo. KorJla EaTpa3 BblilleJI H3
BO)J.bI, era TeJIO 6b1JIO Y>Ke 6yn3THblM. If OH CHOBa HallaJI
HCTpe6JIHTb HeCqaCTHblX HapToB.
OH npeCJIeJlOBaJI HX C TaKoii HpOCTblO, qTO 60r pa3rHeBaJICH H
nOCJI3JI eMY HeBblHOCHMble 6e,QbI, OT KOTOpblX ou 33XOTeJI YMe-
peTb 20 ):(JIH HapTOB HaqaJIOCb nOCJIellHee HcnblTaHHe. «51 He Mory
YMepeTb, nOKa Moii Meq He 6YlleT 6pOilleH B Mope>,- rOBopHT OH
HM. 1{60 CYI.I.1.eCTByeT MHCTHQeCK3H CBH3b Me>KJJ.y HHM If era Me1J:OM,
K3K eCJIH 6b1 B "3TOM Melle 6bIJl3 33KJIIOQeH3 era «BHellIHHH JJ.Yll1a».
Ho pa3Be MOrJIH HapTbI CIIBHHYTb C MeCTa 3TO MOIl1HOe opy-
>KHe? OHH nonblTaJIHCb 06MaHYTb repoH, y6eJlHTb ero, qTO Meq
Y>Ke 3a6poilleH B Mope H qTO HaCTaJI 'lac CMepTH caMoro EaTpa33.
HarrpaCHO OHH KJUlJIHCb B 3TOM: E3Tpa3, He BepH, CnpOCHJI HX, K3-
KHe IlYJJ.eC3 rrpOH3011IJIH, KOfJJ.a Mell yrraJI B BOJIHbI. «HHK3KHX».-
OTBeTHJIH OHH CMYll1eHHO. «3HaqHT, MOM Meq He 6b1JI 6porneH B
Mope, HH31le 6bI BbI BHJJ.eJIH Ily.aeca».
nOCJIe CaiiHar-aJIJlapa HaMeqeHHbIe >KepTBbI - BJlOxHOBHTeJIb
npeCTynJIeHHH EypaljJapHblr H ero CblHOBbH. OTel\ He ycneBaeT 3a-
I..U;HTHTb ce6H. H fOJIOBa efO CK3TblB3eTcR H3 3eMJIIO. Ero ceMepo
CblHOBeii npeCJIeJlYIOT EaTpa3a, KOTOpblii, nOll06HO IOHOMY ropa-
l\HIO, JlaeT HM npH6JIH3HTbCH OJIHOMY 3a JlpyrHM Ha paCCTOHHHe
YJlapa Meqa. )l(eHIl1HH 3Toro pOJla EaTpa3 3anpSlraeT, KaK CKOTHHY
Ha TOKY, C3M CTaHOBHTCR H3 JJ.OCKY ltJIH MOJlOTb6b1 H 3aCT3BJIHeT
HX JJ.O Bellepa XO.ll.HTb KpYfaMH no CKOllIeHHbIM KOJIlOllKaM 18.
OCTaIOTCH co06Il\HHKH - HH3KHe HapTbI (B HHblX BapHaHTax
OHH npoCTO HapTbl, 6e3 pa3rpaHH4eHHH), Ha KOTOpblX y EaTpa3a
IIpyraH 06HJla: oCKop6JIeHHe >KeHIl1HHbl-JIHrYIIIKH, ero MaTepH, Ha-
HeceHHoe JlO pO>KJleHHH EaTpa3a CbIpJlOHOM Ha c06paHHH HapTOB.
nepeJl 3THMH co06Il\HHKaMH, KOTOpble KaK-HHKaK - HapOJl repoeB,
EaTpa3 CT3BHT YCJIOBHH CTOJIb me YHH3HTeJIbHble. CKOJIb H HeBbI-
rrOJIHHMble,- B pa3Hblx BapH3HT8X 3TH YCJIOBHH BH.lI.OH3MeHHIOTCH.
BOT OTHOCHTeJIbHO CKpOMHblH HX rrepelleHb 19.
HanOJIHHTe carrorH MoefO OT1.l3 nerrJIOM OT llIeJIKOB H B
3aJIOf BallieH BepHocTH rrpHHeCHTe MHe lleTblpe 6aJIKH H qeTbI-
pe cToJI6a JJ.JIH 3,QaHHH - K3>K.lI.blH TOJUU,HHOH He MeHee lleM B
qeTblpe nHJlH. OIlHH nYCTb 6YllYT H3 llepeBa 3aJIrX'b1eIl, a
IIPyrHe - H3 lIepeBa eXCblX'b1eIl.
PaltOCTHbIe OTToro, lITO OTJJ.eJIaJIHCb TaK JIefKO, HapTbI
6epYTC>I 3a pa6OTY. ):(HeM  HO%IO OHH >Kr}'T pa3Hble IIIeJI-
KOBbIe TKaHH, HO JIHllIb TOJIbKO TKaHH rrpeBp3I..U;31OTCH B rrerreJl,
KaK EaTpa3, 06paTHBIIIHCb B yparaH, JlblxaHHeM CBOHM pa3-
BeHBaeT nJIO,QbI CTOJIbKHX Tpy,QOB.
H HapTbI JlOJI>KHbl 6blJIH nOJlqHHHTbCH. OHH C06paJIHCb C
CHJIaMH, 3arrpHfJIH HeCKOJIbKO TbICHIJ THfJIOBblX }KHBOTHbIX.
B KOHl\e KOHl\OB HM YllaJIOCb JlOTall1HTb Meq EaTpa3a JlO 6epe-
ra H 6poCHTb ero B Mope. TYT >Ke nOJlHHJIHCb BOJIHbl, HaqaJICSI
yparaH, Mope BCKHne.no, 3aTeM CTaJIO KpaCHblM GT KpOBH.
HapTbl 6b1JIH 6ecKoHe4Ho YJlHBJIeHbl H 06paJloBaHbI. OHH npH-
6e>KaJIH paCCKa3aTb EaTpa3Y 0 TOM, qTO BHJleJIH. Y6e>KJleHHblii,
OH HcnYCTHJI JlYX.
TaKOBa OJlHa H3 JlBYX BepCHii CMepTH EaTpa3a. B Jlpyroii
BepCHH 21 OH npHHHMaeTCH HCTpe6JISlTb pa3JIH4HblX JlYXOB,
JIeTalOll1HX Me>KJlY He60M H 3eMJIeii. ):(YXH >KaJIYIOTCH 60ry, H
TOT YKa3blBaeT HM cnoc06 nOKOHqHTb C 6YJIaTHblM repoeM:
«nonpocHTe y COJIHl\a nOCJIaTb Ha 3eMJIIO 3a OJlHH lIeHb Bce
TenJIO, KOTopoe OHO JJ.OJI>KHO H3JIYQHTb 3a rolt»). A TOf,!la eI..U;e,
Korlla KY3Hel\ KYPllaJIarOH 3aKaJISlJI EaTpa3a, KYC04eK KIIIII-
KH 'OCTaJIC!! He3aKaJIeHHblM. 3TOT KycOqeK crope.", II EaTpa3
YMep.
BTopaH nonbITK3 CTOJIb >Ke 6e3ycrrellIua. TaK IlTO B KOHue KOH-
l\OB Y HapToB lie OCTaeTCH IIH KycOqKa IIIeJIKa. BTOpoe Tpe60BaHHe
EaTp333 JJ.aeT HM He 60JIbllIe 1lI3HCOB: MOrJI" JIH OHH H3fOTOBHTb
63JIKH H CTOJI6bI TOJIIU.HHOH B lleTblpe rrRJJ.H H3 paCTeHHH, KOTopble
60r COTBOpHJI KycTapHHKaMH?
IB CM c. 40-4:
19 nH, N9 18-a, c. 64 [fallhlp IllaHaeB, CCRe IX, 2, c_ 16-18, npHMe1J. 1).
:ro JIH, Nil 19-a, c. 69; (CCKr. IX. 2, c. 20-21), npeJllUecTBYlOll.lCe npHMe-
1,J:3HHe.
21 Kr, c. 233-234.
20
21

nepB3H BCpCHH ,n,a..'1a OCHOBaHHe ,n,JIH OlleHb Ba>KHOro CpaBHe-
HUH 22_ B HeM: 06pa3HO onHCbIBaeTCH Cl.leHa, 6JIH3KaSi K pHTyaJIY
CKIH!JCKoro Apeca.
B Ka""-'\OH CKlHjJCKOH 06JIaCTH (VO!,O,), IIHllIeT fepo-
.1\OT (IV, 62), 110 oKpyraM B03.1\BHrHYTbI TaKHe CBS!THJIHllIa
Apecy (tpov): ropbl XBopocTa HarpOMO>K.1\eHbI O.1\Ha H3
.1\pyryJO Ha IIpoCTpa HCTBe .1\JIHHOH H llIHpHHOH 1I0qTH B TPH
cTa,HH, B BblCOTY >Ke MeHbllIe. HaBepxy YCTpoeHa qeTblpeX-
yrOJIbHaSl rrJIOlita.QKa; TpH CTOpOHbI ee oTBecHbI. a C lfeTnepToH
eCTb ,n,ocTyrr_ 01 Herroro,n,bI coopY>KeHHe nOCTOHHHO oce.a.aeT, H
nOTOMY rrpHXO,J.HTCH e>KerOflHO HaBaJIHBaTb CIO.a.a no rrOJITOpa-
era B030B XBopOCTa. Ha Ka>K.lI.OM TaKOM XOJIMe Bo.a.pY>KeH
J.peBHHl1 >KC)Ie3HbIH Melf (ciXl\lcix"tjo:; OlO-qPE()/;;... cipX aIG <;).
3TO H ecn KYMHP Apeca. 3TOMY-TO Meqy e>KerO.1\HO IIpHHOCS!T
B >KepTBY KoneH H poraTblM CKOT. H .a.a>Ke elite 60JIbllIe. lleM
npOIlHM 60raM. 113 Ka>K.QOH COTHH nJIeHHHKOB 06peKalOT B
}f(epTBY OlJ.Horo lfeJIOBeKa. HO He TeM crroc060M. KaK CKOT, 3
110 .1\pyrOMY 06pS!.1\Y. fOJIOBb! IlJIeHHHKOB CHaqaJIa OKpOIlJIS!JOT
BHHOM. H >KepTBbI 3aKaJIblBalOTCSI HaD. cocy.ltOM... 3aTeM HeCYT
KpOBb Ha Bepx KyqH XBopOCTa H OKpOIlJIS!JOT eJO Meq
(",,,tV/Xx",!,). KpOBb OHH HeCYT HaBepx, a BHH3Y, y CBHTHJIH.
llIa, COBepllIaeTCS! TaKOH 06pS!.1\: y 3aKOJIOTbiX >KepTB oTpy6a-
JOT IIpaBble IlJIeqH C pYKaMH H 6pocaJOT HX B B03.1\YX; 3aTeM,
rrOCJIe 3aKJIaHHH lI.pyrHX >KHBOTHbIX. OKaHIJHBalOT 06pH.lt H
Y.QaJIHIOTCH. PYKa >Ke OCTaeTCH ..'Ie>KaTb TaM. rJI.€ yrraJIa. a
Tpyn >KepTBbI Jle>KHT OT,!I€JlbIiO.
CTH >KepTB? B TaKHX YCJIOBHHX Ka>K,!IOMY OKOJIOTKY BM€HHJIOCb B
66H3aHHOCTb BOCrrOJIHHTb 3HMHH€ pa3pYllI€HHSI B HarpOMO>K.Q€HHH.
He C>KHraH ero LleJIHKOM. H 3TO Y>K€ HarrOMHHaeT «H€BblIIOJIHHMbI;
33lJ.aHHH», nOCTaBJIeHHbl€ EaTpa30M n€pe.Q - HapTaMH. Ho KaKOH
06P33 JI.O.;1>K€H 6bIJI Bbl3bIBaTb B Boo6pa}f{eHHH CKHq,OB 3TOT He-
06b1IlHbIM aJITapb CBHTH.-1HW" eCJIH He TO. 'IJTO CpO!I.HH IIJIaMeHH-
KOCTep?
C .1\pyroH CTOpOHbl, H306pa"'eHHe Apeca B BH.1\e oc060ro THua
Mella HarrOMHHaeT 0 TOM Hepa3pbIBHOM, MHorOKpaTHO OTMelleHHOM
elJ.HHeHHH, KaKO€ cyliteCTByeT Y 5aTpa3a C ero MeIlOM: rro HeKoeMY
3aKOHY rrpHpOJI.bl 011 MO>KeT YMepeTb JIHllIb rrOCJIe Taro, RaK pa3b1r-
paeTCH cueHa BarHepOBCKoro TO_OKa H Meq 6Y.1\eT 3a6pOllieH B
Mope; 110 CMepTH BaTpa3a CYllIeCTBO ero BOIlJIOllIaeTeS! B Meqe,
KOropblH, Bbl6paCblBaHCb H3 MOpS!, YCTpeMJIS!eTCS! Ha He60 HCTpe6-
JIHTh ,!IYXOB, Kal< caM repOM .QeJI3JI 3TO rrpH >KH3HH.
Bce 3TH qepTbI nOKa3b1BaIOT, JI.O KaKOM CTeneHH oceTHHCKHH
5aTpa3. CTaBlilHH lilHpOKO H3BeCTHblM JIHllIb CTOJIeTHe Ha3aJI., Bee
cllIe 6JIH30K MHq,y H, 6Y.1\yqH xY.1\O>KeCTBeHHo lIepeOCMblCJIeHHblM
06pa30M, coxpaHHeT qepTbl, CBOHcTBeHHble CKHq,CKOMY Apcy.
nOTOMY \lTO HCHO: HarpOMO>K.QeHHe BH3aHOK xBopOCTa <fIpoia'Yur'l
axEA()l, a TalOKe nO.ltp06HOCTIi YMepLU.BJIeHHH rrJIeHHHKOB .QOJI>K-
Hbl 6b1JIH rrO,lI,TBCp>KJI.aTbCH TpaLI.HUHOHHblM nOBecTEOBaHHeM. OTHO-
CHllIHMCS! K 1I0Be.1\eHHlO 60ra - 06 Apece, 6e3YCJIOBIIO, cYllIecTBoBa-
JIa MHq,OJIOrHH, KOTopaH C HCqe31I0BeHHeM 60ra. BHJJ,HMO, 6b1JI3 qa-
CTHqHO lIepeHeceHa mutatis mutandis lIa repoS!.
K 3TOMY CBS!3HOMY LleJIOMY IIpH6aBJIS!eTcS!, O.1\HaKO, 6e3 BCS!KOH
JlOrH"4eCKOM Ha.Q06HocTH .lI.pyroiI lilTpHX: TeMa «IlYMa30ro JIe}l{e6o-
KH». ElI.Ba HaMeq€HHaH B TeKcTax. pa3pa60TaHHblx MHOIO B KHHre
«JIereHlJ.bI 0 HapTax», 3Ta TeMa 3aHHMaeT Mlloro MeCTa B C60PHH-
Ke «KHHra 0 repOHx». BOT B lleM OHa COCTOHT.
nOCJIe CBoero pO>K,!IeHHH H .lI.0 KOHl.la OTpOlleCTBa - He CIlHT3R
"peMeHH, IIpOBe.1\eHHOrO y .1\YXOB BO.1\,- B31l'a3 "'"BeT B CeJIeHHH
HapmB y CBoeH TeTKH CaTaHbL Ha6JIJO,aS! 3a ero xapaKTepOM H
nOHHMaSl. liTO OH - CYliteCTBO He TaKoe, KaK Bce, onacaHCb, KaK
6bI OH He rrpHlfHHHJI KOMY-JIH60 «HerrorrpaBHMoro 3JIa», CaT3Ha
3anHpaeT erO O.QHoro B TeMHOH KaMopKe 23 . 5aTpa3, OJI.HaKO, c6e-
raeT H. e.QBa OKa3b1BaeTCH Ha YJIHl.le, 6ypHO npOHBJISleT CBOIO cHny,
OT KOTOpOH CTpa.QalOT HapTOBCKHe .QeTH. .lI.O TeX rrop flOKa H3BeliteH
HaS! 0 TOM CaTaHa He BO.1\BopS!eT ero 06paTHO B qYJIaH. nOpOH liP"
:'BOHX npOJI.eJIKaX OH npHKH.lI.bIBaeTcH CJIa6bIM. l1MeHHo B TaKOM
BH.Qe OH HBJIHeTCH B ,!10M 5ypaq,apHblra - BeCb tlYMa3b1M, B 30JIe 24.
D,eTHM Bypaq,apHblra, KOTopble c06HpaJOTCS! ynpa>KHS!TbCS! B
Tp€JIb6e H3 JIYKa, 01-1 npe.QnaraeT:
XOJIM, HarpOMO>K.QeHHbIH H3 CTa B030B JI.peBeCHoro yrJIH. .lt0-
CTaBJIeHHbIX HapTaMH no rrpHKa3Y 5aTpa3a, XOJIM. Ha KOTOpblH
BOCXOJI.HT CTaJIbHOM repOM OceTHH H C KOToporo OH cnYCKaeTCSI
JIHlilb ,!IJI}} Toro, IlT06bI BO HMH CBoero y6HToro OTua nepe6HTb
HapTOB,- 3TO 1I0JIHblH .1\paMaTH3Ma paccKa3 0 pHTyaJIbHOM Harpo-
MO>KJI.eHHH cra rrHTHJI.eCHTH BH3aHOK XBopOCTa, KOTopble rrpHB03H-
JIH CKHcpbl OJlHoro OKOJIOTKa, IIT06bI BOJI.PY3HTb Ha HHX Mell. CHMBOJI
CBoero 60r3, H BOKpyr KOTOpblX TOJI-naMH YHHqTO>KaJIHCb rrJIeHHHKH.
KOHeqHO, XBOpOCT, HarpOMO>KJ(eHHblH .1\JIH Apeca, 6b1JI nO.1\Bep>KeH
JIHlllb E03.l1.eHcTBHIO HenorO.QbI H e>KerO.ltHO YKperrJIHJICH, a KOCTp
5aTpa33 cropaeT; HO pa3HHua :':ITa 06"bHCHHeTCSI, BHJI.HMO, pa3JIH-
IlHeM ypOBHeM, Ha KOTOpblX pa3b1rpbIBalOTCH 3TH cueHbI: O.lI.Ha H3
HHX - I<YJIbTOBaH. rrOCTaBJIeHHaH C Y'leTOM KJIHMaTH'leCKHX YCJIO-
BHH, .1\pyraH - BOJIbHe 06pa3Hoe OIlHcaHHe.
Pa3Be nepell. caMHM 3THM onHCaHHeM repO.ltOT He CKa3an 0
TOM. lITO «B CKHq,HH COBceM HCT neea» H 'lTO 3TOT «06POK» 3aCTaB-
JIJleT CKHq,OB HCnOJIb30BaTb lI.JIH B03>KHraIlHH CBHliteHHOrO orHH KO-
- 5yJI.Y npHHocHTb BalilH CTpeJIbI iJ.D caMoro Be'lepa, HO rro-
TOM n03BOJIbTe MHe nYCTHTb O.QHY_
22 JIH, c 185; BOCnpOJI30e.a.cHo B M3 [2, 1973. C 573-575.
'" Kr, c. 180-18l.
" Kr, c. 181-183.
22
:13

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11, KOHeQHO. HcnblT3HHe KOHQaeTCH rrOCpaMJIeHHeM M3JIeHbKHX
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CH B 3eMJIIO 6J1H3 nopora )(OMa AuaTa, Y KOTOpbIX COCJIaH IIHpyeT
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B31OI.IJ.3J1 HCKJIIOQHTeJJbHble B03MO>KHOCTH,- cYI.I.1.eCTByeT /1,0 TeX nop,
1I0Ka DaTpaa He IIpHHHMae-r pelIlellllH ompaBHTbC!I K He6ecHoMY
KyaHeuy, qT06b1 3aKaJlHTb y Hero CBoe CTaJlbHOe TeJIO. TaKIIM 06-
pa30M. nOCKOJIbKY 3T3 TeM3 OrpaHH1J:HB3eTCH .neTcTBoM, DHa cOBep-
,. Kr, c. 184-185.
24
weHHO eCTecTBeHHa B repOHQeCKOM nOBeC1'BOB3HHII H, B03MO>KHD.
He BOCXO)(HT K )(peBHeii MHcjJOJIOrIlH.
PaCCMOTpllM Tellepb, KaKHM CTaJI UIIKJI DaTpaaa y
oceTHH - qepKeCDB. 33HMCTBDB3BWHX ero, 3 TaK>Ke y
naCJIe TDrD, K3K OH Y HHX npH>KHJICfI.
CDCe.ll.eH
a6xa3ueB
nO)( HMeHeM Peterez (Beterez y caMblX BOCTOqHbIX) qepKeCbI,
KDHeqHO. 3aHMCTBDBaJIH EaTpa3a, HD DH Y HHX - He caMbIH JII06H-
MbIH repDH, H UHKJI ero pa3pOCCH He TaK CHJIbHD, KaK l.lHKJI COCpbl-
KO (CaYCblpblKO). HH B 1929-1930 rr. 80 OpeM!I CBOIIX lIepBblX
nDHCKOB, HH nD3JI.Hee B cpe.lI.e aHaTOJIHHCKDH 3MHrpauHH 51 H(,
BCTpeqaJl TaKom CTapllKa, KOTOpblii 6b1JI 6b1 OCOe)WMJIeH 0 IIpH-
KJIlOqeHIIHX «XallJasaqOe Peterez», TO eCTb n3T3p3aa, CblHa XbIMbl.
I.I.1.a: CTapHKaM 6bIJID H3BeCTHD JIHllIb HMH.
DOJIee Tom, aaHMCTBOBaHHoe no)(oeprJIOCb CTporOMY oT60py.
1..lepTbI H cueHbI, KDTopble B DceTHHCKDM DpHrHHaJIe HanOMHHaJIH 0.
HaTypaJIHCTHqeCKOii, rpoaoBoii IIpllpO)(e repOR, H oo06ILle Bce TO,
qTO B CKaaaHlI!lX 0 BaTpaae, IIO-BII)(IIMOMY. IIpOll301llJlO OT KYJIbTa
CKllcjJCKoro Apeca, IICqe3J10. BOT B ueJIOM IITor 3THX 1I0Tepb.
B paccKaae 0 pO}!{)(eHHH n3T3p3aa, CbIHa XblMblILla, MaTb ero
H3D6pa>KaeTCH BCer.ll.a CTpaHHoH >KeHI.IJ.HHDH, D6bl 1 IHD - JJ.DqepblO
K3pJIHKDB HcnDB. H DT'b€3JJ. 3TDH qY>KeCTpaHKH BCer.ll.a Bbl3B3H Ha-
pYllleHHeM aallpeTa MeJIlOallHbI. O)(HaKO BeJllIKOe qYAO HaoRTO:
OCKop6JIeHHa!l, 6y)(yqH 6epeMellHoii, He «BblllJIeBblBaen aapO)(bllII
Ha CIIIIHY CBoero My}!{a, XblMbIILlY He npe)(CTOHT «pO}!{aTb» (TeM
60JIee tITO. CDrJIaCHD 6DJIbllIeH qaCTH BapHaHTDB, K TOMY BpeMeHH.
KaK pe6eHoK 1I0!lBHJlC!I Ha cBeT, XblMblILl y}!{e 6b1JI y6HT) _ npOCTO
nOCJIe HDpMaJIbHDrD p33perneHHH 01' 6peMeHH .MaTb DTKa3bIBaeTCH
KOpMHTb MJIa.z::.eHua H HaBcerJJ.a nDKH,lt3eT CeJIeHHe HapTDB 3 Ma-
JIeHbKHii n3T3p33 nopyqaeTC!I KOpMHJIHue ZOeqOe (y Ka6apIIH-
l1eB - VaqO'e-yane). BapHaHTbI MHOrOqHCJleHHbI, MeHee HCKa}!{eHbI
y Ka6ap)(IIHueB, qeM y 3ana)(HblX nJleMeH, H B HHX qaCTO Coqe-ra.
IOTC" paCCKaabl 0 pO}!{)(eHHII repOH H 0 CMepTII em oTua. BOT pe-
310Me 0 ero pall HeM )(eTCTBe - COrJlaCHO Ka6ap)(HHCKOMY c60pHH-
KY 1951 r.'6.
XblMblILl CqIlTaeTC!I CIIJIbHblM II xpa6pblM HapTOM, HO He-
JIIO,ltHMbIM. OJJ.Ha>K.lI.bI Ha Dxore DH 3aMeqaeT OJleHH HD KaK
TDJIbKD OH 6epeT erD HB npHueJI, nOHBJIHeTCH qeJIDeqe Bep-
XOM Ha 33HIJ.e, CTpeJIHeT paHblile, y6HBaeT DJIeHR, TYT >Ke
OCBe>KeBblBaeT ero H npDBDpHO JJ.eJIHT Ha qaCTH, OXDTHHKH
3)(OpOBaIOTC!I. I.jeJIOBeqeK IIpHrJIalliaeT XbIMbIILla K ce6e, H TOT
npHHHMaeT npHr JIallIeHHe. OHH OTnpaBJIHIOTCH B MHHHaTlOp-
HbIH .ll.D!-"HK. KDTDpblH Ka>KeTCH XbIMblI.I.1.Y npOCTopHblM H CBeT-
JIbIM, KaK TOJIbKO OHH BXD.ll.HT TYJJ.a. Tpane33 D6HJIbH3; rDCTb
oJII06J1!1eTC!I B )(eBYlliKY Ha 3Tom )(OMa, KOTOpa!l IIPHCJIY}!{H-
.. HK3. c. 267-272.
25

BaCT 3a CTOJIOM. OHa COfnalliaeTCH Bblt'ITH 3a Hero 3aMY>K
npH YCJlOBHH. 4:TO HHKorLla. JJ.3>Ke B lllYTKY, OH He H330BeT ee
c:pa3HHeH-He.QopOCTKOM». HHaI.Ie OHa BepHeTCfI K pOJJ.HTeJIfiM.
XbIMbIll( 06ell(aeT, H OTeu. ;J.BeT cor..laCHe. OOCJIe CBa.Qb6b1 qe-
Ta B03Bpall(aeTCfI K HapT3M.
XbIMblll\Y 3aBHt(yeT HapT Mardqo'e. Ot(Ha>Kt(bI lIa oxOTe
OHH BCTpeQ3lOTCfI B TOT MOMenT, Kor.lta MapYKO C HeCKOJIbKH-
MH pO.llHt:laMH 6e3ycneuHiO nblTaeTCH cpa3HTb cBHpenoro Ka-
GaHa. XblMblll\ npeJ\JlaraeT nOMO% eMY. MapYKO OTBeqaeT:
«nOCKOJlbKY Tbl TaK YBepeH B ce6e, CTaHb no Ot(HY CTOPOHY,
a Bce Mbl rro .QpyryIO!» XbIMbIll( Bbl6HpaeT MeCTO .QJIH 3aca-
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CTpenOH H rrpHKaHt:lHBaeT KHH.>KaJIOM. YHH>KeHHblH MapYKO
p€lllaeT. GTO .QJIH HHX .lI.BOHX Ha 3eMJIe HeT MeCTa
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aXOTY. XblMblUl CorJI3UI3€TCH H rrpocHT rrepeJJ.aTb }KeHe, llT06bI
Ta npHfOTOBHJI3 .QOpO>KHble npHnaCbl. Ee npHfOTOBJIeHHH Ka-
>KYTCH eMY .QOJIfHMH, ero OXB3TbIBaeT HeTeprreHHe. OH lllJIeT
O.QHoro rOHu.a 33 .QPYfHM H B KOHu.e KOHu.OB B03BpaLU,aeTCSI
i\OMOH. npHt(H, Oil B IIIYTKY rOBopHT >KeHe: «4TO >Ke rbI TaK
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KOM 3a.Qep>KHMCfI». )KeHa He OTBelJaeT eMY H nepe.QaeT eMY
t(opO>KHbIe npHnaCbI.
nOCJIe MHOfHX .QHeH H HOlJ€H OXOTHHKH 3ae3>K31OT B
Yll(e'1be, Ky,Ua npHXO.QHT B€JlHKaHbl, B QaCTHOCTH Be.fIHKaH C
ceMblO rOJlOBaMH, H3 KOTOpblX XbIMbJll\ cPy6aeT Ot(HY 3a t(PY-
raH llleCTb. MapYKO nOJIb3yeTcH cJlyqaeM H y6HBaeT XblMblll(B.
nycTHB eMY CTpeJlY B cnHHY, Kort(a TOT cPy6aeT cet(bMYIO ro-
JlOBY Y BeJlHKaHa. nOCJlelJ.HHH B3rJlHt( XblMblll\a YCTpaillaeT
MapYKO, no OH npHXO.1(l-IT B ce6H H MeqOM t(06HBaeT c3at(H
CBOIO >KepTBY. 3aTeM OH roBOpHT:
- )KaJIKO, tHO Met:l MOM 3aTyrrHJICH 0 ero rr03BOHKH!
A B TO BpeMH KaK XblMblll\ norH6aeT TaKHM 06pa30M, >Ke-
lIa em pO>KaeT CbJHa Et(Ba pa3pellIHBllIHCb, He t(aB MJlat(eHUY
rpYLlH, OHa ye3>KaeT K CBoeMY OTu.y  He MO>KeT npOCTHTb
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B CeJleHHH HapTOB ell\e He 3HalOT 0 CMepTH XbIMbIll\a.
OneI.I:aJIeHHble pellleHHeM MaJIellbKOH >KeHll(HHbI. CTapHKH H
CTapYXH npOCHl ee XOTH 6bJ BCKOpMHTb M,1aJ\eHua. OHa He-
npeKJIOHHa, HO Bce :>Ke, ,!J.BH>KliMaH MaTepHHCKHM I.I:YBCTBOM.
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He nOHTe ero Hli KOpOBbHM, HH OBeI.I:bHM, HH K03bHM MOJIOKOM,
a nOHTe opeXOBblM COROM, OH 6YJJ.eT D,JIH Hero BMeCTO MaTe-
p HHCKoro }tOlIOKa.
KorLl3 HapTbl B03Bp31113IOTCfI H3 nOXO.lla. OHH, Y311aB no
nYTH 0 CMCpTiI XbIMblLU,a. pa3MbllllJIHIOT. KaK HM 6b1Tb C
MJlat(eHueM. HeKoTopbJe cOBeTYIOT 6pOCHTb ero B Mope. Ho
26
KpenKHH MaJIbIlll. KOTOpblH >KHBee .lI.PyrHx ;J.eTen ero B03pa-
CTa, npHXOt(HTCH no cept(uy MYt(pbJM CTapHKaM:
- 011 eTaHeT MoryqHM HapTOM,- roBOpHT OIlH.
- 011 6Yt(eT CHJlbHbIM H JlOBKHM, KaK OTeU,-rOBopIIT ca-
MblH CTaprnHH H3 Bcex.- BbIpaCTHM ero, He paCCKa3blBaH 0
CMfpTH ero OTua. nOCKOJJbKY OH npe,UHa3HaI.I:eH K BeJIHKHM
nOt(BHraM, lIa30BeM ero Be-terez ". OIlH nopyqalOT CHPOTY
CTapYIIIKe, KOTopaH HeMHOrO Bet(YHbH; Olla npHBH3bJBaeTCH K
KpaeHBOMY H CMbIllIJleHOMY MJlat(eIlUY.
KaK Mbi BH.QHM HHKaKoro CJIe.ll.a He OCTaJIOCb HH OT neperrpa-
BbI 3apOJJ.blllIa OTUY. HH OT p0>KJ],eHHH MJIa.QeHl.la H3 paCKaJIeHHOH
CTaJIH HaBepxy 6allIHH. HH OT ero rrepBoro rra.QeHHfI B BHJJ.e
MOJIHHH.
}'h nOCJI€J\YIOll\eH HCTOpHH Bce lIanOMHllallHH 06 3TOH rp03oBoH
npHpot(e DaTpa3a TaK>Ke HCqe3J1H: D3T3P33 >KHBeT lie lIa He6e, a
Ha 3eMJIe, OTKY.Q3 eMY, cne.n.OBaTeJIbHO, He Ha.QO 6pocaTbCH BHH3
paCrraJIHBllIHMCSI OT rHeBa JJ.JIH BHe3arrHoro BMellIaTeJIbCTBa B c06b1-
THH. Y lIero 06bIqHOe t(JlH repoeo t(eTCTBO. npHeMHaH MaTb Bocnll-
TbIBaeT ero B TaHIIOH nell\epe, BpyqaeT eMY JlYK H CTpeJlbl, C KOTO-
pbIMH OH BCKope B€JIHKOJIenHO OCBaHBaeTCH, a rr03JJ.Hee H Y3.il.Y
Jl,JIH nOHMKH CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHoro KOHH. 11 TaK KaK OH BO QTO 6bI
TO HH CTaJIO XOlleT Y3H3Tb. KTO y6HHua ero OTU3, aHa Ha3b1BaeT
HMH: MapYKO.
B 3TOM JJ.eTcTBe HHI.I:TO He HarrOMHHaeT B3>KHOH TeMbl oceTHn-
CKoro DaTpa3a: D3T3P33 lie BeJ\eT t(BOHIIYIO >K1I3Hb-JleHHBYIO,
He6pe>KHYIO >KH311b qYMa30ro Jle>Ke60KH B t(OMe CBoeH MaTepH,
6ypllYIO H repOllqeCKYIO Bile t(OMa.
MeCTb 3a CMepTb XbIMbIll\a 3allHMaeT HeMaJlYIO qaCTb H qepKeC-
CKOro UHKJla 0 n3T3p33e-D3T3p33e. Olla t(a>Ke COCTaBJlHeT-Y 3a-
n3,UHblX l:lepKeCOB TaK >Ke, KaK H y Ka6apJJ.HHl.leB,- rJIaBHoe B
.QJIHHHOM wered 3aperHCTpHpOBaHHOM B MHOrOI.I:HCJIeHHblX BapHaH-
Tax. 11 XOTSI HC;HHHoe rrOJIO>KeHHe Beru.eH JJ.O KOHl.la TaK H He BblHC-
HeHO, HapTbI, no KpaHHeH Mepe «HapTbi 3.110rO pOJJ.a», OTBeTCTBeHHb{
3a y6HHCTBO XbIMbIll\a 28; K TOMY >Ke OIlH npHMbIKalOT K MapYKO, H,
TaKHM 06pa30M, MeCTb repOH 06peTaeT t(BOHKoe HanpaBJlellHe.
CueHa TOro, KaK D3T3P33 nOKOHqHJI C MapYKO, Oqellb 6J1H3Ka
K paCCKa3Y oceTHII. LlBoe He311aKOMbJX t(Pyr C t(PyroM MY>KqHII
BCTpeI.I:aIOTCH, H MJIaJJ.llIHH Be:>KJ!HBO npHBeTcTByeT CTaprnero, HO TOT
XBaCTaeTCH: 011 TOJlbKO qTO B03BpaTHJlCH OT TJlenllIa (TJlenJJJ.a),
KY3Hel.la HapTOB, KOTOpblH nOI.I:HHHJI eMY MeI.I:, rrpHTynHBlilHikH 0
n03BOHOqIlIlK XbIMbIll\a. nOIlHMaH, C KeM HMeeT t(eJlO, D3T3P33 npo-
CHT ero t(aTb nOJl1060BaTbCH MeqOM n06J1H>Ke - H MapYKO nOt(aeT
Meq yrpO>KalOll\HM 06pa30M. OCTpHeM BnepeJ\. YMllblH KOllb 1OII01liH
21 «O'leHb npaBHJ1bHblii»; "I"pa cnOB ('lepK. o6lllee be «MHOI"O») B03MO>KH8
'IOJlbKO B BOCTOIlHLlX )J.HaJleK'I8X. I",[le HaqaJlbl-lblH 3BYK HMellH 33KoHoMepHo b np()-
TtiB 3ana)J.Horo p.
.. HK3, c. 278.
'Zl

BOBpeMH OTCTYllaeT, E3T3p33 BblXBaTblBaeT OpY"'He H IIpOH3aeT
y6HiIuy cBoero OTua.
OCT3JOTCH HapTbl, BHHOBHble HJIH npHllaCTHbI€ K y6HHCTBY 29.
nOCJIe Toro KaK 63T3P33 paCKH,QaJI HX COTHflMH, ra.Q3JIKa COB€TyeT
HM BblCTpOHTbCH B )(Ba pH)(a: MYJK'IHHbI- B rrepBOM P!!)(Y, >KeHU(H-
Hbl. rpY,UHbIe MJIa.Q€HllbI H JJ.€TH nOCTapm€ - BO BTOpOM; Kor.na
E3T3P33 6pOCHTCH Ha HX BoikKO, MY>K'IHHbI pa3)(BHHYT P!!)(bI, H 110-
Ka>KYTCH >KellU(HHbI: «Cep)(QeM OH "'aJIOCT JIHB, 011 He y)(apHT CJIa-
6wx; TaK MbI. MO>K€T 6b1Tb. H36e>KHM HeC'1aCTbH». TaK OHH H no-
cTyrralOT. H. KOr.ll.a >K€iIWHHbI rrOKa3b1BaIOTCH E3T3p33y, OHIf HaqH-
Bator OCa>K,QaTb ero. YMOJHIH:
- Tbl Be)(b He 'IY"'OH HaM - HapTCKoro TbI po)(a,
OYCTb >Ke .QOJIbllle rOJJ.a T5IHeTCH TBOH )J.€Hb,
Mbl Te6e }!{eJI8eM )(06poro 3)(OPOBb!!,
He IlJI8TH }!{e KpOBblO 38 OTllOBY KpOBb.
J1Y'IIlle Tbl H83H8'IHilib HaM JII06yIO LleHY,
Bce OTLla B 3aMeHY Mbl Te6e )(8)(HM!
11 TOr)(8 E3T3p33 rrpe)('b!!BJJ!!eT HM lIepe'IeHb HeBblllOJIHHMblX
3811.3'1.' M€HHIOll(HXCH - lIP" HeCKOJIbKHX KOHCTaHT3X - OT BapHaHTa
K B8PH8HTY. BOT rrpHMep:
- fbaTa 38 KpOBb XblMblU(8, H8PTbI, y3H8HTe Tellepb,
TaKOBa!
npHHeCHTe MHe H811HTbCH BO)(bI H3 peKH Y8pll B peilleTe!
HaHJlHT€ MHe TpHCTa 6eJIblx BOJIKOB c neCbHMH rO'IOBaMH!
npHCJIOHHTe MHe K 06JIaK8M JIeCTHHLlY, 'IT06 H rrOiJ.H>lJIC>I
H8 HOO0!
06cTpyraHTe TOHKO KaMblIII- H8 OCb )(JI!! MoeH 1I0B03KH.
nO)(",apbTe K03be M8CJIO, H8HH38B ero H8 BepTeJI!
B 'IeCTb Xb1MblU(8 HallOJIHHTe 'I8I11Y KOM8pHHOH KpOBblO!
J1 B 3aKJIlOlJeHH€ - IIelIeJI:
- OpHHeCHTe MHe C8rror, 06YB8BIIIHH Hory XbIMblU(8!
HarrO.,TfHHT€ rOJIeHHwe carrara qHCTblM II€IIJIOM OT rneJlKOB.
OHH 1I0KpblJIH BCIO )(OJIHHY s'as'ak )(p8roLleHHblMH
llIeJIKaMH.
B 3TOM yU(eJibe OHH CO}!{rJIH ropy TK8HeH H IlJI8TKOB.
Ho He CMor JIH OHH c06paTb BeCb 3TOT nerren B carror!
BeTep p33Be!!JI lIelleJi H IIpOrH8JI ero H3 yU(eJIb!! B )(OJIHHY.
B 06U(eM, npHMepHo H3K33aB H8pTOB, E3T3P33 OTK83b1B8eTC!!
npO.llo.,uK3Tb MI.IJ.eHHe.
H3KO He l.l, HWlero He COXpaHHJIOCb OT rrepBOH BepCHH CMepTH
OCCTHHCKoro EaTpa3a: HH OT 60JIbllIOrO KOCTpa. KOTOpblH OH 3aCTa-
HHJI HapTOB COOpY.QHTb H Ha KOTOpblH BcnpblfHBaeT. H60 CTaJIb-
" HK3, c. 278-280.
28
Hoe TeJIO EaTpa3a He IIYBCTByeT rrJIaMellH, HH OT TOro, K3K no ero
rrpHK83Y H8pTbI T8U(8T 60.%IIIOH Me'I repo!! 1I8 6eper l./epHoro MO-
pH H 6pOC81OT B BOJIHbl.
BTOP8!! BepCH!! - )(YXH 6e3ycrreiliHo 38CbllJalOT E8Tp833 CTpe
J]8MH. rrOKa Dor He YK33bIBaCT HM e.QHHCTBeHHbIH crroc06 YMepT-
BHTb ero,- B03MO>KHO. B OIJeHb HCK3>KeIlHOM BHlXe OTp3.>KeHa B
6}!{e)(YKcKoM CK33811HH, KOTopoe MHe C006U(HJI M. r8)(8r8TJIb.
PO.QCTBeHHHKH MapYKO 30. >KeJI3H OTOMCTHTb 3a Hero,
CTpeMHJIHb y6HTb 03T3p338, HO HH CTpeJIbI, HH H)(P8 He Mor
JIH IIp06HTb ero. HeKHH YblC3P3i!}!{, y KOTOporo CIIpOCH.TH
COBeTa, OTOCJIaJI ero K TOMY, KTO 3HaJI 60JIbllle:
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60JIbllIe HeT, H rrOCJIyruaHTe, liTO OHa CK3.>KeT.
OHM rrOlliJIH K ZOeqOe_yane:
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BpeMH 6HTBbI.
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TOJIbKO Tor.Qa. Kor,!Ia CHap.Q KOCHeTCH ero OilHOBpeMeHHO C
MOHM B3r JIH.QOM.
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TOJIbKO paCCTaBHTb H3 3ape JIOBYlliKY. OHH nO.QHHJIH BO .QBO-
pe 6OJJbIIIOH rpOXOT. 03T3p33 BblilleJi H TYT }!(e 6blJI 1I0KpbIT
rpa.nOM CTpeJI. KOTopbIe, KOHellHO, He paHH",'lH ero ;:to Tex nop,
TIOKa KOpMMJIHUa. T3K)Ke pa36Y>KeHHaH, He npHlllJIa B3r..'I:H-
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OOTOMY rOBOp!!T: «B3rJI!!)( 30KO H CTpeJI8, 1I01l8BIIIHe O.T
HOBpeMeHHO,- BOT qTO CTaJIO .QJIH Hero pOKOBblM».
113 )(Pymx 311H30)(OB oceTHHCKoro LlHKJI8 0 E3Tp33e B 3)(blrCKOM
HCIJe3JIH TaK>Ke Te. B KOTOpblX BblHBJISlJIHCb q,YHKUHOH3JIbHble onpe-
)(eJIeHH>I Tpex 60JIbIIIHX H8pTOBCKHX PO)(OB 31, H8rrpHMep, yrrp83)(He
H8 cjJYHKLlHOH8JIbHa!! BP8}!{i!8 E3Tp333 K Eyp8cjJapHblry H ero CbI
HOBbHM, KOTopaH B JIHUe rrpe.n.CTaBHTeJIbHblX nepcoHa>Keii npOTHBO-
1I0CT8BJIHeT AXC8pT8rK8T8 H EOP8T3, CHJIbHblX H Eor8TblX, HJIH,
H8rrpHMep, rrpHcy",)(eHHe Tpex COKPOBHU(, KOr)(8 B 06p83e E8Tp83a
OK838JIHCb COCpe)(OTO'IeHbI )(06JIeCTH, IIpHCYU(He BceM TpeM cj>YHK-
I..{HHM.
nOMHMO rrpOHCXO>K.QeHHH OT KapJIHKOB «HcrrOB» H >KeCTOKOI'O
B03Me3.QHH coxpaHeHO HeMHoroe: Bbl3BOJIeHHe Ya3b1pMeca. nJIeHCH-
Horo BeJIHKaHaMH 32; E3T3P33. 3aCTaBJISIIOllLHH CbIMa HeKoero BeJIH-
30 -((e nO-3ana.D;HO"lepKeCCKH (Ha 61Ke.LlYKCKOM H .n:pyrHx napC"lHSlX); -q""e no-
BOCTO[mOqepKeCCKH (Ha Ka6ap.D.HHCKOM H .D.P.). TaK }Ke - B .D.pyrHx HMCH3X, no-
.n:06HO 3TOMY o6pa30BaHHblX. B qaCTHOCTH Sewsaraq()e, -q()'e.
" M3'. 1973, c. 471-477.
" HK3, c. 287-290.
29

Kaa TaHL.{€B8Tb n.o H3HeMO>K€HHH 33; rrOXBaJIb6a Ha.n 60JIbllIOH qa-
llI€H C sane, Y.llOCTOB€p€HHaSi BOJIllI€6CTBOM LJalliH 34. lho >Ke Kaca-
eTCH T€MbI repOH, KOTOpblM BMeCTO H.npa CTpeJIHIOT H3 nYllIKH, TO
OHa Y qepKeCOB 3BOJIJOLlHOHHpOBaJIa no-pa3HOMY. Y Ka6apIIHHLleo
TeM8 BKJIIOLJeHa B HCropHIO MeCTH. Y 3arra.nHbIX qepKeCOB- B CaMO-
BOCXBaJIeHHe repO!I Hall qallleH. B Ka6apIIHHCKOM paCCKa3e 3TO
nOCJIeIlH'''! yrp03a !)aT3p33a: nOCKOJIbKy HapTbI He cnoc06HbI npH-
BeCTH HJIM nOCTpOHTb Te HeBepOHTHbIe BelU.H. KOTopble OH OT HHX
nOTpe60BaJI, E3T3p33 _W6aBJIHeT 35:
fope HapTaM, He CYMeBllIHM
3a XblMblllIa lIaTb BblKyn!
BoceMb nap H 3anpHraJO
CaMb!X KpenKHX KOHeH,
th06 B03HJIH 60JIblllYJO
MoJO nYlliKY 3a MHOH.
Ha KypraHe EelliTay
MoJO nYlliKY H nOCTaBJIJO,-
BoceMbcOT H pa3pYlllY,
HapTbI, B811IHX .nOMOB!
OCJIenJIIO Bac orHeM
OrJIYllIY Bac H rpOMM!
B 3TOT .neHb OH 3JIOCLJaCTHbIX
CTapblx HapToB One'IaJIHJI.
CllaJIHCb HapTh! B nJIeH E3T3P33Y,
XBOCT B nJIeTHe YILleMHJIH.
B OIlHOM 3anallHOqepKeCCKoM (lliancyrcKoM) BapHaHTe 36 n3-
T3P33 C TOp}!{eCTBOM 06'b>lBJIHeT Hall qallleH C sane:
nYlliKY MOJO - BoceMb MepHHOB TaILlaT ee-
51 3aCTaBJIlO OTHeCTH Ha BepllIHHY s';}wan,
51 3aCTaBJIlO ee rroqHCTHTb
51 3aCTaBJIlO Ha6HTb ee rropOXOM Ha C'OpOK paCCTOSlHHH, ,
51 3aCTaBJIJO 3aJIO}!{HTb ce6>1, KaK >lIIPO, B cepIILle nYllIKH,
51 3aCTaBJIJO BblCTpeJIHTb c060JO B KpenOCTb gOade-qale,
51 pacceKY 3eMJIJO Ha rJIy6HHY CTa tl;Ie
Koma npH6YlleT pa3'bHpeHHOe BOHCKO Bpara,
51 ClleJIaJO TaK, qT06b1 H3 3TOH HMbI He 6b1JIO CJIblllIHO
HHKaKoro llIYMa...
Ho 3TO TO JIbKO nOMO>KeT YHHqTO>KHTb pa3'bHpeHHOe BOHcKo.
33 CM. C 322--323 paHl{. H3.ll. (rJI. XXIV, B HaCT. H3,[1.. onYIU.€Ha.-flpUMe"l.
nep.).
34 CM c. 176-177.
: A. fn06a, TIeeH" HapO,[l.OB CCCP. M.. 1947. c. 401.
Coo6weHo A. fa,naraTJIeM.
30
B BocnOJ1Hel-IHe YKa38HHbIX rrOTepn 4epKeCbI C;I.e..1aJIH CBoff
BK.oall B LlHKJI EaTpa3a. CaMoe HHTepeCHoe - HCTOP"H H36aB.leHH!!
HecpeHa )KaK3, «HecpeHa-13opOJlb!, TO eCTb EOpOi\aToro» (Ha-
cpaH-aJIllap, qJHrYPHpYJOILlHH B oceTHHCKHX CKa3aIlIlHX), npHBH3all.
HOro K OIlHOH H3 rop KaBKa3a lIanOll06He npOMeTeH. Ho paccKa3
06 3TOM B C60pHHKe «HapTbl, Ka6ap,UHHcKHi't 3noc» TaK 6JIH30K K
rpeqeCKOH JIereHi\e, BnJIOTb 110 cneLlHq,HqeCKHX i\eTaJIeH (nHp MH-
KOH8 H HepaBHbIH ,lteJIe>K MHca). GTO MO>KHO rrpe.ll.nOJIO>KHTb no
MeHbllleH Mepe JIHTepaTypHYIO KOHTaMHHaLlHJ0 37 . B IIPyrHx c,oyqa-
HX E3T3P33 - 6aHaJIbHOrO THna n06ei\HTeJIb IIpaKolla. nOpOH OH
nepe}!{HBaeT Oi\HY H3 Tex pa3BepTblBaJOILlHxcH B KypraHax .upaM, B
KOTOpblX HeH3BecTHO. C KeM HMeeT .neJIO repOH - C )KHBbIMH HJIH C
npHBH.neHHHMH.
A6xa3Ubi TaK>Ke npHHHJIH oceTHHCKoro 5aTpa3a B qHCJIO CBOHX
HapTOB, HO rrpH,UaB eMY HOBbie GepTbI H rrepeMeCTHB 3KueHTbI-
OTI:laCTH Harro.no6He Toro, KaK 3TO Ha6JIlO.lI.aJIOCb Y 4epKeCOB. oTqa-
CTH opHrHHaJIbHblM 06pa30M. K fOMY }!{e, XOT!! q,opMa HMeHH H
BCTpeqaeTCH C HatIaJIbHblM «n». KOTopoe. BH.nHMO. YKa3b1BaeT fia
3aHMCTBOBaHHe y 3anai\Hb!X qepKeCOB, repOH nonYJIHpeH nOJl JlPY-
rHM HMeHeM, a BepHee- np03BHILleM: COac o , UBHI.t (npOH3HOCHMb!M
npH6JIH3HTeJlbHO KaK Tsiltsv).
nOTepH CYILlCCTBeHHbI. HaTypaJIHCTHqeCKHe qepTbI 60JIbllleii
1..J3CTbIO HC4e3JIH. 113 cueHbI pO>K.neHHH cOXpaHH.,1aCb TOJIbKO >Ke-
HHTb6a OTua Ha He CJIHIIIKOM nO.ll.Xo.nHll(eH eMY >KeHll(HHe H YXOJl.
MaTepH. Bbl3BaHHbIH 3arrpeTOM MeJII03HHbI, HO He neperrpaBa 3apo-
i.!blwa OTLlY H He nepBoe rp030nOil06Hoe na.1(eHHe C Bb!COTbI 6alll-
HH. CxeMa HCTOpHH TaKOBa 38.
HapT KYH OXOTHTCH B ropax. npOBCJI!! JleHb B nOHCKax
.nHlIH. OH 3aMetIaeT Ha CKane Typa. TOJIbKO OR c06HpaeTCH
rrYCTHTb B Hero cTpeJIY, KaK >KHBOTHOe, Y>Ke no.nCTpeJIeHHOe
KeM-TO. CKaTblBaeTCH K rr011,HO>KHIO CKaJIbI. nO,lt6eraeT qeJIOBe-
tIeK pOCTOM He 60JIbllie JIOKTH. OCBe>KeBbIBaeT TYIIIY H KYCKH
MHca pa3BellIHBaeT Ha .n.epeBe. 4eJIOBe4eK rrpIiHa,ltJI€>KHT K
nJIeMeHH auaHOB - Tex CYll(eCTB. KOTOpblX B BbICOKOH TpaBe
HeJIb3H ,lta>Ke 3aMeTHTb.
OXOTHHKH 6paTaJOTCH, KYH npOBO}!{aeT aLlalia JlO JlOMY,
BJIlO6JIHeTCH B .u.€BYlliKY H3 3Toro MaJIeHbKOro rrJIeMeHH 3bIJI-
xy H CBaTaeTC5I K HeH. AuaHbl KOJIe6JIIOTCH:
- TbI 6paT BCJIHKHX HapTOB,- rOBopHT OHH.- Balli CJIaB-
HblH pO.ll. rop.n. Mbl ManCHbKHe H rrpocTble. MbI He MO>KeM
OTilaTb 3a Te6H ceCTpy. B OJlHH npeKpaCHblH .1(eHb Tbl npH-
37 B pa60Te. nocmULleHHoii H3YIfeuHlO KaBKa3CKHX TIpOMeTeeB. >KopJK lIIapa-
lllH)l3e paCKpblJI ::ny M3neHbKYlO J!JnepaTypH}'1O TaHHY.
313 TIPI1KJI., c. 131-135. OTCLl :UCCb KCIm; XaMblLl, J{pSJX"blH CTapl1K nOJ{ liMe
HeM Xnas',- OTeu: nepBoro nOKone1Uifl HapTOB H, 3H3'iHT, I(YHa.
31

MellIbCSI OCKOp6JlHTb ee, Ha3b1BaTb C,lI.01J:epblO MaJleHbKHX. He-
Ka3HCTblX JIIO.nei1»...
KYH YBepHeT, qTO HHqero nO)(06HOro He 6y)(eT, HaCTaHBa-
eT. Al.laHbl cnpalllHBalOT MHeHHe ceerpbI: TOH He npOTHBeH
"TOT 6paK, uo oUa 06"bHBmleT:
- EC,lH KOr)(a-UH6Y)(b 011 ynpeKlleT MeH!I B TbM, qTO !I
.nOlJb MaolleHbKHX. HeKa3HcTblX JIfO.neH. R He OCTaHYCb y Hero
HH OHHoro ..:J.HH.
HapTbI nbIlliHO npHHHMalOT CBOIO MaJIeHbKYIO HeBeCTKY,
peJKYT CTO 6bIKOB Ha nHp. Ha CJle)(YJOll\HM )(eHb HaqHHaJOTC!I
Hrpb!. HapTbI OTKpblBalOT HX, nonpOCHB 3b1xny 6pOCHTb HM
MHIl, CBaJIHIfHbIH H3 llIepCTH CTa 6b1QbHX LUKYP, IlTO OHa H3HI.U.-
110 HCnOJIHfleT. 6pOCHB MHIl H3 CBoero BblCOKoro OKHa. 11 3TOT
JleUb. H Bce nocnC)(YJOll\He MeC!ll!bI H )(HH npOXO)(S!T B paJl.O-
CTH H )(06pOM cor JlaCHH.
O)(Ha>K)(bI KYH roTOBHTC!I B noXO)(. OH TopOnHTC!I. 6paTbS!
>KAYT ero. H B.lI.pyr OH 3aMeQaeT, 1JTO OAHa H3 ero HOroBHu..
Tex JIerKHX canor, B KOTopble 06YBalOTCR KaBKa3UbI, pac.
nOpOJlacb.
- 51 TaK H 3HaJl! - B cep)(l!ax BOCKJlHKHYJI KyH.- TaK H
cne.nyeT MHe. 3HTJO HeCQaCTHbIX. MaJIeHbKHx a1.l8HoBJ
npH 3THX CJIOBaX 3bIJIXa, He .nOJIro .nYMaH, BblXBaTblBaeT
Hom H BcnapbIBaeT ce6e JKHBOT aHa )(OCTaeT oTTy)(a pe6eH-
Ka 1-1 6pocaeT Kyuy.
- BOT Bce, IlTO 6b1J1o Me>K,!lY HaMH! - KpHIlHT OHa eMY H
HClle3C:JeT.
HapTbI nOpaJKeUbI. 1-10 qTO OHU Moryr nO)(eJlaTb? OUH
npOC!lT >KeHll\HH HaKopMHTb pe6eUKa rpY)(bJO, UO UH O)(Ha
KOpMHJIHl.la He MO>KeT npH6JIH3HTbCH K HeMY: TeJlO ero nblJIa-
eT HeCTepnHMbIM >KapoM. He 3HaH. 1J:TO .neJIaTb, OHM nOCblna-
lOT 38 cOBeToM K M8TepH MJla.ll.eHua.
- rOp)(eJlHBbIe HapTbI,- OTBeqaeT Ta,- He MOJlOKOM KOp-
MHTe pe6eHKa, a paCnJlaBJIeHHblM >KeJle30M!
HapTbI CJle)(YJOT COBeTY, H pe6eHOK OqeUb 6b1CTpO UaqH-
HaeT nO)(paCTaTb.
3TOT paCCKa3 B CBoeM caMOM )(paMaTl-lqeCKOM MeCTe 6J1I-1>Ke K
OCCTHHCKOMY. OpHfllHaJlY, qeM qepKeCCKa!l BepCHS!: qT06b1 BepUYTb-
CH K po.nHTeJlHM. ocKop6JIeHH8R MaTb He >K1I.eT, Kor.na HacTynHT
CpOK ee pa3pellleHHS! OT 6peMeUH, OHa TYT JKe caMa onepHpyeT
ce6S!. Ho 3apO)(blllI He nepeca>Keu B cnUHY OTl!a. KpOMe TOro. TaK
>Ke KaK B ueKOTopbIX qepKeCCKHX BapHaHTax, y a6xa3neB pe6eUOK
paCTeT. nHTaHCb paCnJl8BJleHHblM MeTaJlJlOM. OCeTHHCKHH .>Ke BaT-
pa3 BbIXOAHT H3 H8pOCTa Ha cnHIIe OTl.la Y>Ke CTaJIbHblM. H3 paCKa-
JIeHIfO!1 CTaJIH. TO eCTb nbIlll€T T8KHM .>Ke >KapOM, KaKOH HCXO.nHT
OT a6xa3CI<oro MJIa.neHua, XOTH H Ka1KeTCR. lITO OH H3 nnOTH H
RpOBJi 39.
3e npHK'I.. c. 135.
32
nOCJlC CBoero pO>K)(eHH!I pe6eHOK OCTaeTC!I Ha 3eMJle, Y Hap-
TOB. a He OTnpaBJIHeTCH .mHTb Ha He60. £IT06bI MOJIHHeHOCHo HH3-
pJ1HYTbCH oTTY/1.a JlHlllb Tor.n.a. Kor.na rp03HT onaCHOCTb ero Hapo.a.y
HJIH KOr.lla npocHT CaTaBa. l1Hor,Qa CaT3Ha caMa nOCblJIaeT ero Ha
nOMOIll.b CBOllM 6paTbHM. KOTOpbIM rp03HT onaCHOCTb. HO .neJIaeT
3TO ca"blM eCTeCTBeHHbIM 06pa30M, 06pall\a!lCb K 5aTpa3Y, H eMY
JIOCTaTO£IHO nepeHecTHcb H3 O.ll.Horo MeCTa 3eMJIH B .nPyroe.
HaKOHel.l, MHe He H3BeCTeH HHKaRoH paccKa3 0 cMepTH Kyaa
H,lH I..{BHl(a, TaK >Ke KaK, BnpOqeM, H 0 cMepTH KOro-JlH60 II3 )(PY_
nIX a6X33CKHX HapTOB, KpOMe CacpbIKBbI; IJ.BHl.lY, CJIe,QosaTeJIbHO,
He npHXOLlHTCH MCTHTb 3a OTl1.a, £ITO 6bIJIO r JIaBHbIM B .neHTeJIbHO-
CTll repOH Y QepKeCOB H 33HHMaJIO HeMaJIO MeCTa Y>Ke B oceTHH-
CKO" opHrHHaJle. I..{BHI! nOCTUHHHO )(06p, TepneJlHB. YCJlY>KJlHB.
3aTO MaJlOBa>KHa!l B OCeTHH qepTa 6b1J1a npO)(OJI>KeHa ropa3JJ.0
.llaJIblile. BcnOMHHM. liTO B paHHeii IOHOCTH  B TO BpeMH KaK OH
>KHJI Y CaTaHbl,- nOKa He 3aKaJIHJICH H He OTnpaBHJICH >KHTb Ha
Hc60, BaTpa3 6bIJI no npHpO)(e CBoeM )(BOMCTBeH, BO BC!lKOM CJlY-
\.I.1e - ,QBOHCTBeHHbIM 6bIJIO ero nOBe,QeHHe: JIeHHBbIH, HepHlllJIHBblH,
rpH3HbIH H 06blllHO >KaJIKHH .nOMa, OH CTaHOBHTCH BOHHCTBeHHblM,
rp03HblM. KaK TOJIbKO cTynHT 3a nopor, yC'rpalliaH Ha YJlHue MaJIb-
qHllIeK, npeC,lC)(Y!I cbIHoBei\ 60raQa 5ypa<jJapHbIra. Ho 310 BHYT-
peHHee npOTHBope£IHe. 3TO pa3,QBoeHHe JIHlIHOCTH y}f(e He npOHBJIH-
eTCH C Toro MOMeHTa. KaI< EaTpa3 BblpaCTaeT H nepeCTaeT >KHTb
Cpe)(H HapToB.
B TO BpeMH KaK llepKeCbI He OCTaBHJIH 3TOH OTJIH£IHTeJIbHOH
oc06eHHOCTH. npHnHC8B ee repolO c06CTBeHHoro COIlHHeHHH-
C"yaJO, «6eJJ.OBOMY napHJO» (KOTOPOro, KCTaTH, oceTHHbI Y HHX
3aHMCTBOBaJIH no.n TeM >Ke HMeHeM - CaY8 H T. n.), a6xa3Ubl no.n-
'lepKHYJlH ee H npOBeJlH qepe3 Bce nocJle)(YJOll\ee nonpHll\e repoS!.
npHcnoc06HB 3TY oc06eHHOCTb xapaKTepa K nOCTOHHHO nOJIO>KH-
TeJIbHOMY nOBe,QeHHIO. KOTopoe eMY npHnHCblBaeTCH. Ha caMOM .ne-
."e I..{BHI! Be)(eT )(BOMHYJO >KH3Hb, H cpa3Y >KC nocJle ero pOJK)(eHH!I.
liCTOpHfI KOToporo HcnOJIHeHa naTeT!iKH, HapTbI 6bIJIH rOTOBbI K
TOMY. IlT06bI H3 3Toro MJIa.ll.eHl.la. nHTaBllIerOCH paCnJIaBJI€HHblM Me-
TaJIJIOM BM€CTO MOJIOKa. BblpOC CBepX'qeJIOBeK.
O.nHaKO BpeMfI LUJIO. H MaJIbllHK He onpaB.nblBaJI 3THX Ha-
)(e>K)(. OH l(eJlblMH )(H!lMH CH)(e." y oqara H CTporaJl KaKYJO-
HH6Y)(b naJlOqKY. npOrOH!lT ero C O)(Horo MeCTa - YC!I)(eTC!I B
)(PyrOM. 11 CHOBa CTpuraeT naJlOqKY. CTPY>KKH BaJl!lJOTC!I no-
BClOny: y 01lara, BO ,ltBope, B nOKOHX. 11 np03B3JIH MaJIbllHKa
IJ.mHl. £ITO 3HaIJHT «CTpY>KKa».
1-13 Hero HHllero He nOJIY1lHTCH.- pellIHJIH HapTbI.
Ol!, iI6aJIHCb. H TOJIbKO O,ltHa CaTaHeii 3HaJIa HCTHHY. .na
n03.nHCC IJIa,QIl1Hfi H3 HapTOB. CacpbIKBa, HHor,Q3 DIHaJI Ha ceii
CqeT nO)(03peHH!I -)(0 Tex nop, nOKa I..{BHI( He 06HapY>KHJI ny6J1Hq-
110, Ba.lJ, KOTJIOM npaB,ltbI, £Iero 011 Ha caMOM ,Qcne CTOHT. IJ.BHl.l 6b1JI
II€B3pa£IHbIM C BH.ny TO.HbKO .nH€M. .nOMa. HO£IblO >Ke HJIH Tor.na.
3 3aK. 772
33

Kor.na OH ye3>KaJI O.nHH, HHKOfHHTO, OH era HOBWJCH BeJIHIIBHWHM H3
repoeB. DblBaJIO !tame, lITO DR flBHO Bblpa>KaJl 3TY .QBOHCTBeHHOCTb
HaTypbI CBOHM BHeWHHM BH1I,OM, BblpR,!lHBWHCb B He.l1enoe O.QeHHHe,
KOTOpoe CIII!CK8JIO eMY IIp03BHlI1e «nOJIyqepllbIM-nO.lyce.i10M».
l1.BIILl HH x8p8KTepOM CBOHM, HH CT8mOCTblO CBoeM He
YCTyrraJI H8pTaM. O.QHaKO repOHCTBa CBoero OR He BbICT8BJIHJI
H8110K83. OH 1I0-lIpe}!{HeMY rpeJIC!I Y Tell_10M 30JIbI I! CTpOr8JI
118JIOQKY.
Kort(8 l1.BHLl B03My}!{8JI H H8Y'lHJIC!I nO-H8CTO!llI1eMY
YIIP8BJI!llb KOHeM, 38BeJIHCb Y Hero .pH "Y.i10-JIOllat(H: 6e.'OM,
Kp8CHOii I! qepHOM M8CTI!. 11 .aMHO CllH., ce6e l1.BHLl Tpl! Qep-
KeCKI!: 6eJIYIO, KpaCHYJO I! 'lepHYJO. 11 HHKTO t(0 1I0pbl t(0 Bpe-
MeHH He BH.QeJI HH KOHeH ero, HH llepKeCOK.
J],HeM IIPOCH}!{HB8JI l1.BHLl Y OQara, a Beqep0>l, Koma 38XO-
.QHJIO COJIHu.e H CTaHOBHJIOCb COBceM TeMHO, OH rrpe06pa.>KaJIcfI.
K8}!{t(blM Beqep 1I0t( nOKpOBOM TCMHOTbl 011 ompaB,l!1JIC!I B
noXO.ll. H TaMKOM OT HapTOB ,!l06bIBaJI ce6e Be.llHKYIO CJIaay.
11 CTanH 38MeqaTb HapTbI, tlTO CT8.lla HX YMHO>KaIOTCH, GTO B
CKonlblX t(Bopax Bce 60JIblle KOpOB II 6ynBOJInLl. C.aJII! 1I0ro-
B8pnBaTb, q.o At(oyxa - BblClla!l CHJIa - 6JIaroBOm1'f K Hap-
TaM Ii nOCblJIaeT HM HeCMeTHOE' Ko.nH(leCTBO >KliBHOCTH.
ECJIn Hap. CacpblKB8, 6pa. t(eB!lHOC.8 t(eB!I.1! 6paTbeB,
OK33b1Ba.nCH B onaCHOM IIQJIO>KeHHH, HB BblPyqKY eMY CnelllHJI
l1.BI!Ll. He BbI.i1aBa!l ce6!1, l1.BHLl 6HJIC!I C Bp8r8MH 60K 0 60K
C Hap.oM CacpblKBoii I! BblpyqaJI ero 1!3 6e)\bI 40 .
B 3'fOM-.0 paKypce - npHMeIIH.e_'bHO K repolO 6C3bIM!lHHOMY I!
IB TO >Ke BpeMH 1I.06po>Ke.nareJ1bHOMY - H 6bw:a HCnOJIb30BaHa Te-
Ma repOH.CHapH1I,3, CBH3aHHBH Y oceTHH C Darpa30M 41.
O.QHa>K,!lbl B€J1HKaHbI, rrpHwe)],IlIHe H3-3a MOpH, nOCTpOHJlH
KpenOC.b H IIpI!H!lJII!Cb .peBO}!{I!Tb HapT8 CacpblKBY H em
JlIO.QeH. HapT He Mor OLlOJIeTb BeJIHK8HOB, He pa'3 OKa3bIB8JI.
CH Ha Bo.rrOCOK OT CMepTlL
npOCJIbllliaB 06 370M, l1.BI!Ll CMaCTepl!JI ce6e 60pot(y, 110-
KpaCHJI.. ee nanOJIOBHuy llepnOH KpacKoH, a HarrOJIOBHHY 6eJIOH
KpacKOH. TOIIHO TaK >Ke OH nepeKpaCHJI H KOHSI CBoero.
11 .OJIbKO 1I0CJIe noro t(BI!IIYJIC!I l1.BHLl lIa nOMOlI1b H8p.y
C8cpblKBe. 11 BO. Ha Y3KOM .polle BCTpCq8e. l1.BI!Ll }!(e H lI1 H HY
C lli8llKOM B pYKe. B CYMepKax He IIpH3HaJI l1.BHLl B l!eM CBOIO
P0t(HYIO Ma.b, pellHBllYJO HCllbl'fa.b My}!{ec.BO CblHa lIepe)\
6HTBOH C Be",'1HK8H3MH.
OH He Y3H8JI ee, BCTynHJI B 60ll .H TQJII:.KO npHrOTOBHJlCSI
y6HTb npOTHBItHKa, K3K ero MaTb Ha3BaJIa ce6H:
- nYCTb 6Yt(e. Cq8CTJIlIBbiM .Boii IIY.b, CblH MOM! B03b-
.. np"Kn., c. 222--223.
41 npHKJ1.. c. 223--224.
34
MH 3Ty lilalllKY TOJlbKO elO CMO>Kelilb Tbl O.QOleTb Be",'1HK8H3,
11 nocTynati TOJlbKO TaK, K3K CK3>KY Te6e H, a He HHalle,
nYCTb p33bllll.eT CacpblKBa ceMb CTBOJIOB .Qy60BbIX, H ceMb
CTBOJ10B llIe..-rKOBHUbI, H ceMb CTBOJlOB opeX3. nYCTb .Q06YJJ.eT
OH mHJIbl CTa 6blKOB H nOCTpOHT K8T3rrYJIbTY, CTpeJIHIOI.I.1.YIO
6peBHaMH rOJllIJ.HHOH C TynoBHwe 1l€..10B€K3. nYCTb npHBSI>KYT
Te6H K CTBOJIY KH3HJ13, Tyro HaTHHYT TeTHBY, CBHTYIO H3 CTa
6bIIIbHX }f{HJI, H 3anYCTHT BMeCTe C T06010 ao Bpa>KeCKYIO
Kpcnu\. lb. 11 TbI na1I,elllb H3 rOJIOBbI BparOB, K3K CHer cpeaH
HCHoro .L!.HH, OHH CXBaTHT Te6H, 6pOCHT B HMY H CT3HYT 3a-
6p8CblB8Tb !lMY qeM nOIl8JIO. nOt(bIMH KBepxy ny ll8llKY-
H Bce, lleM 3a6poC31OT BeJIHKaHbl HMY, Ilro6bI 3aKorraTb re6H,
6yt(e. lIepepe38HO H8t(Boe. TbI OCT8I!ellibC!I neBpet(HMblM, a
crrpaBa H CleBa OT Te6H HMa Ta 3arrOJIHHTCH, H Tbl nO.ll.bI-
MelilbCH n8BCpx, K3K no cTyrreHHM. nOJJ.HSlBllHfCb H3Bepx, KH-
;:taHCH Ha Bp3rOB H pa3H HX .3Toii lllalliKOH. npOTHB Hee HH-
KTO He YCTOHT.
l1.B1!11 B3!1JI ll8lliKY I! IIp0.i10JI}!{8JI CBOM IIYTb. OH 1I0i\OClleJI
BOBpeM!I K C8CpblKBC, KO.OpbIM H8qHI!8JI YCT8B8.b B 6010. Bce IIpO-
HCXO.QHT T3K, K3K npe;:J.cKa3aJIa ero MaTb. l...lBHU OCTaeTCH HeBpe-
;:tHMbIM H BbIXO;:tHT n06e,!lHTeJIeM H3 3TOH, Ka33JIOCb 6J:>I, Hep3BHoH
6HTBbI 42 .
C8CpblKB8 lIepet(oxHYJI. i\ HeMY BepHYJII!Cb CI!JIbI. Ol! t(OJI-
ro 6JI8rOt(8p1!JI nOJIyqepHoro-nOJIycet(oro 38 nOMOlI1b B 6et(e
H 3a CKOT, OT6HTblH Y BeJIHKaHOB.
IJ.BHU CKa3aJl, (ITO AM nopa paCCTaTbCH.
- P83t(eJIHM t(06bIqy,- CK83aJI CacpblKBa.
- Bce yc,YIl8!O Te6e,- CK838JI l1.BHLl.
- KTO >Ke TbI? - cnpocll:.! CacpblKBa.
- 51 nOJIyqepHbl'l.nOJIycet(oi"r. Ho eCJII! cy}!{t(eHO
JIH60 ewe pa3 BCTpCTHTbCH C T060ll, 51 6bI XOTeJI,
Mbl Y31!aJII! t.'lpyr ,pyr8. J],8ii !I Bbl}!{ry Me.I!HY Ha
crrHHe rOpSHIJ.HM orHHBOM, " Bce 60r3TcTBo OCT3HeTCH
ot(noMY.
C3cpbIKBa COrJI3CHlICH. 11 IJ.BHI.t BbI>Ker orHHBOM MeTHHY
Ha ero cnHHC, OHH paCCTaJIHcb.
E.i1e. ;WMoii l1.BI!l1, 8 BCTpeQHble rOBOp!lT:
- - Bo. 4epnbiM Bcat(HHK.
Te >Ke, KOTopble CMOTpHT lIa Hero cnpaBa, rOBopHT:
- BOT EeJIblrf BCalUIHK.
TaK H He Y3H3J1H JIlOiJ,H, KaKOH rrpoexaJI BcaJJ.HHK, DeJIblH
HJIH LJepHbrit. 11 He .llOrail,bIBaJIHCb, lITO 3TO IJ.BHLt e.QeT Ha
KOBC, TOT caMbLt'! IJ.BHU, KOTOpLIii Y 30JIbI rpeeTCSI H naJIOIlKU
6e3 KOHU.3 CTporaeT...
Kort(a-
(!T06bl
TBoeii:
.e6e
42 TaM )Ke, c. 226-227.
3*
35

OJ\Ha>KJ\bI peWHJIH HapTbl nO)(eJIHTb CBoe HMYll\eCTBO.
- BbI,Q€JIHTe )J.OJIIO H MHe,- rrOJI.3JI rOJIDe l1.BHl.l, CH.QeB-
lilHi:'t Y TerrJIOH 30JlbI.
- Te6e? - CKa3aJI CacpbIKBa.- Te6e, CTpOralOll\eMY na-
..101IKH?
- 51 npowy )(OJJIO MJIa)(Wero,- CKa3aJI UBHLl.
CacpblKBa BOCKJIHKHYJJ:
- LITO >Ke TbI cJJ.eJI3.JI. HeCllaCTHbIH, GTO .lI.()"'1H caoeM. /1,0-
MoraelllbCH?!
- Barne 60raTCTBO YBeJIH-lIHBaeTCH Bce BpeMfL.
- TaK qTO >Ke! - CKa3aJI CacpbIKBa.- TaKoe Y>K cqaCTbe
HaM BbInaJIO.
UBHLl CKa3aJI:
- nYCTb 6y)(eT nO-TBoeMY. Ho eCJIH TbI MY>KqHHa, )(aBaii
rrocnopHM: rrOCTaBHM pH.lI.OM KOT JIbI, KOTopwe BMeI.I.1.aIOT no
eTO MACOK BO.lthl. nYCTb K8>K.QbIH rrOBeJ],aeT BeeM 0 eBoeM cna-
Be. .H Tor.Qa MbI YBH.QHM, ileH 38KHIIHT KOTen. IlbH CJIaBa
BbIUJe!
CacpbIKBa COfJIaCHJICfI. HanOJIHHJIH KOTJIbI BOJJ.OH, Ii Cac-
pbIKBa nOBe)J.8JI 0 CJIaBe caoeM.. EblJI3 OHa BblllIe rop, If BO.Qa
QYTb 6b1JIO He 3aKHrreJIa B era KOTJIe.
naCJIe Hero IIOBeJI paCCKa3 0 CJIaBe
H3 KOTJIa KJIy6aMH noWeJI nap. 11 KOma
CKa3e )J.orneJI .no TOro MeCTa, r.ne Bbr>Ker
HapTa CacpblKBbI,- BO)(a 3a6ypJJHJJa.
UBHLla.
cBoeii UBHLl, H
OH B CaaeM pac-
MeTHHY Ha CIIHHe
CacpblKBa 06HHJJ
B KOHLle HCTOpHH Mbl Y3HaeM )(PyrylO TeMY, KOTOpylO OCeTHHbI
CBH3bIB;:UOT C EaTpa30M: KOHKYpC nOXBaJIb6b1 repOHlleCKHMH rrOJI.BH-
raMH Ha)( qaweii HapTaMOHra. O)(HaKO 3)(eCb LleHTp HHTpHrH _
HHKorHHTO l1.BHl.la, KOTopoe TOT HeO>KHJI.aHHO OTKpblBaeT.
B LleJIOM UBHLl coxpaHHeT Ba>KHeiiwylO CTOPOHY qeJIOBeqeCKOii
HaTypbl EaTpa3a: no BOHH, JIyqWHii )(a>Ke, qeM H3JJI06JJeHHblii re-
poii 3nOCa - CacpblKBa, H 3TOMy BOHHY no 3aBe)(eHHOMY B HapOJ(-
HOM TBOpqeCTBe pHTMHqeCKOMY nOpH)(KY yrO)(HO CKpblBaTb CBOH
HCTHHHble )(06JJeCTH H He Bbl)(aBaTb ce611 )(0 nopbl )(0 BpeMeHH. Ho
l1. BH UY Y>Ke He rrpHrrHCbIBaeTCSI «He6eCHaSl» pOJIb, HH TeJIO ero. HH
rrOBe.QeHHe He HarrOMHHalOT 06pa3 MOJIHH". CaMoe 60JIbllIee. IlTO
Mbl HaxOJ\HM,- 3TO 3nH30)( B O)(HOM paccKa3e (y KOToporo HeT
oceTHHCKHX COOTBeTCTBHH). HarroMHHalOI.I.1.HI':J: 0 TOM. 'ITO Ea'Ipa3
Bbl3blBaeT BeTpbl H 6ypH.
O)(Ha>K)(bl BO BpeMH nOXo)(a npOTHB BeJIHKaHOB HapTbI OKa3bl-
BalOTCH nepe)( HenpHCTynHoii KpenOCTblO. UBHLl, KOTOporO OHH npe-
He6peJKHTeJIbHO OCTaBHJIH .QOMa. rrpHcoe.QHHSleTCH K HHM B CBoeM
repOH1JeCKOM 06JIH11be B TOT MOMeHT, Kor.Qa OHH nalJ:HHaIOT OTCTY-
naTb. OH CTbI.lI.HT HX 43.
fa npHKn.. c. 183-1l54.
36
- BOT TaK repOH! - BOCKJJHLlaCT UBHLl, ropHqa
)(06HOrO KOHII.- Ha3a)(, ceiiqac >Ke Ha3aJ\! HeJJb3H
I.I.1.aTbCH HH C IfeM!
11 UBHLl YCTpeMHJICH Bnepe)(, KaK CTpeJJa, KaK HCTpe6.
I-/To )(eJJaTb HapTaM? OHH nOCJIe)(OBaJJH 3a HHM. 11 BOT re-
pOH CHOBa Y CTeH TOM. caMoH KpenocTH. 3a KOTOpOH YKPblJIHCb
BeJIHKaHbI. nepe.Q HapTaMH - CTeHa. a B CTeHe - >KeJIe3Hble
BopOTa.
UBHLl rOBopHT:
- nOCTaBbTe Bnepe)(H ce6H CacpblKBY. CToiiTe 3)(eCb, y
BOpOT. Ey)(eT 6YPH. Ey)(eT rpOM. 3aCBepKalOT MOJJHHH. Ho
nYCTb He )(POrHYT BaWH Cep)(Lla! nYCTb MHHyeT Bac cTpax, H
MaJIbIH H BeJIHKHH. H60 OTKpOIOTCH BopOTa H Bbl JI.OJI>KHbI 6y-
.QeTe pa3HTb BeJIHKaHoB. HO He 'IeM-HH6YJIb, a lllalliKaMH.
TOJIbKO llIalliKaMH!
11 OH Ky)(a-TO CKpbIJICH. l(aK H npe)(CKa3blBaJJ UBHLl, ilo)(-
HHJIaCb 6ypH. l(aK rOBOpHJJ OH, 3arpOXOTaJJ rpOM H 3aCBepKa-
JI H MOJIHHH.
BOT >KeJIe3Hble BopoTa KaK 6b1 caMH c060ii pacnaxuYJJHcb.
11 TYT-TO nOHBHJJCII UBHLl. IllawKa y Hero HarO.TO.
- repOH-HapTbI, Bnepe)(, Bnepe)(! - KPHqHT UBHLl.
11 MqHTCH, KaK CTpeJJa. KaK IIcTpe6 Ha LlblnJIeHKa. A 3a
HHM - HapTbI. 'Lho .neJIaTb. KOf.Qa HeO>KH.QaHHO CB3JIHBaeTCR
Ha rOJIOBY KaMeHb? I(y)(a 6e>KaTb, eCJIH B)(pyr OroHb? BeJIH-
KaHbI C TPY)(OM nOHHMaIOT. qTO CJIyqHJIOCb.
nOJIeTeJIH rOJIOBbI C HenOKopHbIX. OCTaBllIHecfI B >KHBblX
CKJ1aJI.bIBaIOT opY>K He. I1peKJIOHSlIOT KOJIeHH.
orne no-
B03Bp a-
TeM 60JIee 060CHOB3HHO MO>KHO YC:MaTpHBaTb B .3Toif Cl.leHe
«rp030BoH MHcl>>>. IlTO B 3aKJIIOIleHHe ee rrepeJI. IlHTaTeJIflMH PHCYIOT-
CH qy)(eca nJIOIJ.OpOIJ.HH 44:
CMOTpHT HapTbI: BOKpyr 6JIaroyxalOll\He )(epeBbH. Ha
HHX- nJJ01!bI. nJIO)(bI 3TH TaK H TalOT BO PTY. BHHOrpa)( H
H6JIOKH. nepCHKH, HH>KHP H qepeWHII... I.jero TOJIbKO HeT! .
B3HJIH HapTbI nJJO)(OB OT Ka>K)(OrO )(epeBa H C n06eJ\HOH
necHeii nOBepHYJIH BOCBOIICH. OHH YCJJOBHJIHCb, me KaKOMY
paCTH )(epeBY. 11 BO BceM u:apHJJO COrJIaCHe, nOKa He )(OWJIO
)(eJIO )(0 BHHOrpa)(HOii JI03bL O)(HH CKa3aJIH:
- nYCTb nOBCIO)(y paCTeT.
J],pYrHe )(06aBHJIH:
- nYCTb paCTeT H nOHT Hac CBOHM COKOM.
A TpeTbH:
- OrracaHTecb JI03bJ!
UBHLl CKa33JJ:
44 TaM JKe, c. 184-186.
37

- TOT, KTO 6YI\eT He B Mepy nHTb ee COK, nYCTb 6eCHTCS!,
cnOBHO CacpblKBa, BblBeAeHHblii H3 TepneHHS!. KTO }!{e 6YJJ.eT
nHTb ero B Mepy H C J(OCroHHCTBOM - nYCTb nOXOAHT Ha Me.
HS!, KorAa S! BeCeJllOCb H BeCeJIIO ApyrHX.
Era cnaBa CTaJIH 3aKJHlTHeM. 11 33KJIHTHe .9TO no ceit: )J.eHb
TS!roTeeT HaA COKOM, 'ITO pOAHT BHHorpaAHiu, n03a. A nnOAbI,
KOTopble 3pelOT oceHblO Ha AepeBbS!x B A6xa3HH, BeJJ.YT Ba'la-
no OT Tex n.'OAOB, '!TO Bb/pOCnH y HapToB.
3TO nocneAHee npoS!BneHHe CKHcj>CKOii OCHOBb/ 06pa3a UBHl.ta
TeM 60JIee npHMeqaTeJIbHO, lITO Y Hero HeT OCeTHHCKOH Mo.neJIH:
KorAa.faTpa3 (a B ApyrHx MeCTax H caM UBHLl), KaK MbI BHAeJiH
BbIllIe , HeO>KHJJ.aHHO B03HHI<aeT B CeplU.le Bpa>KeCKOH KpenocTH
HJlB ropoAa, 'IT06b1 CAaTb ero HapTaM, TO 3TO 6J1arOAapS! TOMY,
'ITO OH 3aCTaBHJI 3anYCTHTb ce6S! TYAa BMeCTO CTpenbl HJlH S!Apa H3
rrYlliKH H.I]H 113 JIYK8, H 31'0 OTHIO,ltb He BHe331IHoe t>orOSIBJIeHHe B
BHlle rpOM3 H MOJIHHH. 'llTO }Ke KaCaeTCH qy.n.eCHoro BHeJJ.peHHfI B
06ILleCTBO HaproB H '!epe3 HHX - Bcex JlIOAeii CUHOI! H3 OTpacJleii
3eMJIe.l1.eJIH5I. BHHOrpa)I.apCTB8.-- a 3TOT MOTHB 3aCBH,lteTeJIbCTBOB3tf
H Y DCeTAH B CBH3H C 6aTpa30M 46,_ TO OHO BCTpeqaeTCH H B CK3-
3aHHS!X 'IepKeCOB, HO 0 I\pyroil cj>opMe H npHHaJJ.Jle}!{HT K I!HKJlY
C3YCblPblKO, a He n3T3p33a '7.
3TH a6x33CKHe CK833HHH, 33 HeKOTopbIM HCKJllOlleHHeM, BHJJ.H-
MO, npS!MO npOHcxOAS!T OT OCeTHHCKHX opHrHHaJlOB 6e3 'IepKeCCKO-
ro rrocpe)J.HHIleCTBa. TeM He MeHee .9BOJIIOl.lHH rrOllIJIa B TOM >Ke
HanpaBJ1eHHH, K3K H Y qepKeCOB: OTKan. a TO H OTKa3 01' Beero
CneI!Hcj>H'IeCKH CKHcj>CKOro, 'ITO coxpaHS!JlOCb B TpaAHLlHH.
45 CM. c_ 17.
.15 Kr. c. 72-73 (8HHorpa.n.H3H nOJ3 He 4'HrYPHpyeT)
" HK3, c. 59-76.
II. EATPA3 11 TPI1<IJYHKUI10HAJTbHbIE TEMbI
06pa3 COCJlaHa, KOHeQHO, 60Jlee naTeTH'IeH, "eM 06pa3 EaT-
pa3a. rrOTOMY lITO 01:1 60JIee lleJIOBeqeCKHH: COCJIaH rrOJIOH rrpoTH-
BOpe'lHH, 011 cOBeprnaeT ornH6KH H npOHBJlS!eT CJla60cTH. EaTpa3
>Ke HeYKocHHTe..1bIl0 CJIe.llyeT cBoeMY rrpH3BaHHIO HOCHTeJIH CHnbI,
60Hua - H 31'0 npH3BaHHe KOHKpeTH3HpOBaHO B caMOM ero CYIIle-
CTBe: 3TO CTa'1bHOH repoH. repOH H3 CTa..1H. KoropaH OT BOJIllle6HOH
3aKaJIKH CTaJIa eLU,e TBep>Ke H Kperrlle. 3a HHM He qHCJIHTCH HHKa-
KHK CJIa60cTeii. HHKaKHX JIlO60BHbIX nOXO>KJJ.eHHH, rrpOHBJIeHHH
MJlrKOcepJJ.elJ.HH. Blle3anHbiX npHcTyrroB cTpaxa, KaKHM nopoH rro,lt-
Bep}!{eHbI Aa}!{e caMble xpa6pble. MorJla JlH 6blTb CBH3aHa C TaKHM
nepCOHR>KeM TCMa <<Tpex rpexoB BOHHa» - nO O.aHOMY rpexy, co-
BeprnaeMoMY B 30He Ka}!{i\OH H3 Tpex cjJYHKLlHii,- TO eCTb TeMa,
3aHI1MaBlllaH, KaK HaM H3BeCTHO, 3rrHlJ.eCKoe Bo06pa>K€HHe HHJJ.oeB-
pOneHl.leB? 1.
Ka3aJlOCb 6bl, nOHCKH 3apaHee 06pe'leHbI Ha "pOBaJi 3a OTCYT-
CTBHeM MaTepHaJIa. 11, O,!lHaKO, TeMa HaJIHu.o, XOTb H nOBepHyTa
neCKOJIbKO Hl-lalJ.e. B COOTBeTCTBHH C rrpOCTOTOH H rrpHMOJIHHeH.
HOCTblO 3Toro xapaKTepa.
XOTH 5aTpa3 H He H3MeHHeT HHrJJ.e CBoeMY rrpH3BaHHIO, XOTH
y HerO HeT CJIa60CTeH. OH rpelllHT B 06paTHOM CMbICJIe - BDaJl.aeT
B KpaHHOCTb. OH HerH60K, 6e3>KaJIOCTeH H, rOBopH 6e3 06HHHKOB,
}!{eCTOK. nOKa ero CypOBOCTb 06paILleHa Ha Bparoo HapToBcKOro
nJIeMeHH, BeJlHKaHOB - B 3TOM BeT HHqero YJJ.PyqalOLU,ero. Ho Ha-
cTynaeT KpYTOH nOBopoT B >KH3HH 5aTpa3a - H Bee MeHHeTCSI.
OOCJIe y6HikTBa OTu.a ero, XaMbll.la, e.QHHCTBeHHaH UeJIb repoS!-
MIlI.eHHe. 11 OH MCTHT C TaKOH HpOH rrOCJIe.QOBaTeJIbHOCTblO, IjTO
50r, YCMOTpeB B ero ;:J.ei1cTBHHX u.enb TH>KKHX rpeXOB, peliiaeT no-
JlO}!{HTb HM KOHeLl H npH6eraeT K KpaiiHeMY cpeACTBY-
CMepTH.
K 3TOH-TO BTOpOH nO.i10BHHe >KH3HH repOH H rrpHypOtJeHa TeMa
Tpex rpexOB, a TOIlHCC. Tpex lJ.pe3MepHOCTeH B rrOBeJJ.eHHH. O,ltHaKO
TpHcjJYHKI1HOHaJlbllblH 3.1CMeHT 311H30Aa neperneJl OT KapalOILlero K
1 Heur et maleur du guerrier. 1969, c. 51-92; M3, (I, 1971, c. 26-132.
272-292.
39

)KepTBaM: OAHHaKOBa!! >KeCTOKOCTb EaTpa3a no OTHOweHHlO KO
BceM ero >KepTBaM pacnpOCTpaH!!eTC!! nOCJleAOBaTeJlbHO Ha Bce
TPH KaTeropHH CYl1!eCTB, KOTOpblX OH - cnpaBeAJlHBO JlH, HeT JlH -
C'ImBeT BHHOBHblMH B y6HHcTBe CBoero OTua H KOTopble npeJ1CTaB-
JI>!lOr COOTBeTCTBeHHO nepBYIO, BTOPYIO H TPeTblO .pYHKUHH. To'l-
Hee roBOp>!, HaKa3aB 6b1CTpO H '1eCTHo. Ge3 BC!!KHX YXHl1!peHHH,-
Ka3HHB y6HMUY cBoero OTua, y6HMUY, KOTOpblH B 60JlbWeM '1aCTH
TeKCTOB 30BeTC!! CaHHar-aJlJ1apOM, EaTpa3 6epeTC>! 3a nOJ1CTpeKa-
TeJleM, 3a «MopaJlbHO BHHOBHblX,., Tex, KTO BJlO>KHJI 0py}!we B PY-
KH aJlJ1apa 2.
L 3TO npe>KJ1e Bcero HanpaBJI!!BlliHM erO pOJ1 EopaTa, Ta H3
Tpex rpynn HapToB, KOTOpa!! xapaKTepH3yeTC!! J1OCTOHHCTBaMH H
HeJ10CTaTKaMH, npHCYl1!HMH TpeTbeH .pYHKUHH: MHOro.TIOJ1HblM PQ:!,
06JIaJl.3101I1HH MHOrOGHCJleHHblMH CTa.naMH, HO Hepa360pGHBblH B
CpeJ1CTBax H JlHllieHHblH C03HaHH!! p0J10BOro BeJIH'IHH. rJlaBHblH H3
EopaTa, Eypa.papHblr,- B HMeHH KOToporo COJ1ep>KHTC!! 3J1eMeHT
«farn»7 TO eCTb H306HJlHe, y.naqa B X03RHCTseHHbIX .n.€JIax,- 60raT
'1pe3BbI'IaiiHO H KH'IHTCH 3THM, HanpHMep 60raTO HapH>KaH CBOHX
CblHOBeM 3. I1MeHHo Eypa.papHblT npe>KJ1e Bcero BHHoReH B y6HHc-r-
Be XaMblua H3-3a CJlY'lall, CHOBa BBOJ1>!l1!ero Hac B npeJ1eJlbl TpeTb-
en .pYHKUHH, HO C J1pyroro ee acneKTa - 3pDTH'IeCKoro: XaMbI!\
BOJIllle6HblM B03J1enCTBHeM CBoero «3y6a nI06BH,. c06na3HHJI >KeHY
Eypa.papHblra. OCKop6J1eHHbln MY>K, 6YAY'lH BepeH CBoeM npHpOJ1e,
He nOCMeJI caM HaKa3aTb onacHoro ,ltOHJKyaHa. HO, «a8TaHB 3J106y
B cep)ll{e», 06paTHJlC!! K CBoeMY pO)lCTBeHHHKY CaHHar-aJlAapy.
CJleAOBaTenbHO, Eypa.papHbIJ'a Hero ceMepblX CblHORen EaTpa3
KapaeT cnpaBe)\J!HBO. Ho BOT B ..eM OH nepe6apl1!HBaeT:
Earpa3 CHHJI C HHX rOJlOBbI, CJlO>KHJI B nepeMeTHYIO CYMY,
RepHyncH BO )lBOp Eypa.papHblra H npOKpH'IaJl:
- BblrnHHHTe HapY>KY, BalliH ceMepo MY>Kef! npHcna.'H
BaM 116nOK!
Bblrn!!HynH >KeHa Eypa.papHbIra Hero ceMb CHOX. DaTpa3
6poCHn nepe)l HHMH OTpy6neHHble roJlOBbI. 3aroJlOCHJlH >KeHa
Eypa<j!apHblra H era ceMb CHOX H CTanH KnHCTb DaTpa3a
nOCJleAHHMH cnOBaMH. EaTpa3 pa3rHeBancH H norHan HX ne-
pe)l C060M Bcex BocbMepblx - MOJl, xJle6 MOJlOTHTb C BaMH
cTaHY - H npHrHan HX Ha 6eper ljepHoro MOP!!. HaKocHn TaM
TepHOBHHKa, CJIO>KHJI, KaK JI.J1H MOJIOTb6bI. nOCTaBHJI MaTh no-
cepeAHHe, a CHOX no KpaHN, 3anpHr, KaK CKOTHHY Ha TOKY, H
l{eJlbln J1eHb rOHHJI 60CblMH no KOnlO'IKaN. KorAa HOTH HX
CTanH cnnOlliHon paHon, QTnYCTHn )lOMOH '.
:2 CM. c_ 18-19. HaH60Jlee 06CTOJlTeJlbHIXH TCKCT - TOT, 'JTO npHBC)l£'H B Kr.
c. 224-233.
3 M3, 1 2 , 1973, c. 458-460.
" B ()AHOH BapH3HTe. 06e3rllaBHB ceMcphix cUHooej! 5YP3aplulra. EaTp33
{BaThlpa.l13) npeBpallJ.aeT OCT3JIbHhlX llJIeHOB ceMbH B lJ.OM3rnHHX >KH80THbfX - 61>1-
KOB " nmuan,if - JIH. N. 18.B, c. 65 (A. WHelm,p. 3HAH, M 14, 1868, "p"". 4.
c. 43-50).
40
3Ta >KYTKali cueHa - KapIIKaTypa Ha O.l(HlI H3 BH.JOB pa60T
TpeTbeH .pYBKUHH, HOCHTe,lH KOTOpOH - Eypa.papHb.r II DopaTa 5:
Tributatio, TO eCTb Ha MOJlOTb6y (...)
TaKHM 06pa30M, H nepBOnpHQHHa 06HJ1b1 Eypa.papHbIra (JlIO-
60BHali CB!!3b >KeHbI), H npHpOAa >KepTB EaTpa3a (BoceMb >KeH-
l1!HH), H .popMa HaBH3aHHoro HM HCKynneHHH (napO.JHH Ha OAHY
H3 3eMJleJleJlbGeCKHX pa60T - HenOJIb30BalIHe >KeHI.1I.HH BMeCTO TflT-
nOBoro CKOTa) .l(alOT OCHOBaHHe OTHeCTH 3TY '1pe3MepHOCTb B npe-
fleJlbl TpeTbeH .pYHKUHH.
2_ ECTb H BTopaH KaTeropHH BHHOBHbIX: «nOnJIble» npeneT3BH-
TeJlH TOH rpynnbl HapToB, K KOTOpOH npHHa.l(Jle>KHT H caM DaTpa3,
pOJ1a AxcapTarKaTa. XOTII rpynna xapaKTepH3yeTcH Ao6neC"!:blO H
Bee BeJIHKHe repOH HapTOBCKoro 3nOC3 npHHa.ltJIe>K3T K HeM. '3TO
COBceM He 03H311aeT, liTO Ha3B3HHbIe ,lJ.OCTOHHCTBa npHCYl1lH H
«nne6ey» CJI3BHOrO pona.
JJ:eno B TOM, '1TO CaHHar.anl\ap, npe>KJ1e '1eM noJ1l\aJlc>! yroBO-
paM Eypa.papHblra y6HTb XaMblua, nOCTaBHJI YCJlOBHeM COrJlaCHe
AxcapTarKaTa. Toma Dypa.papHbIr 06paTH.1C>! K HHM, H OBH C BOC-
TOprON npHCOeJ1HHHnHCb K 3aroBOpy.
- 06"beJ1HHHMCH H y6beM ero! - BOCK."HKHYJlH HeCKonbKO
caMbIX nOnJIblX AxcapTarKaTa.- He TO Y Hero nOHBRTCH
ApYTHe OTnpblCKH, el1!e noxJlel1!e EaTpa3a, IIOTOpble 6yJ1yr
rHaTb Hac 3a BO.nOH H B03BpallIaTb 6e3 BORb!! [IBneBaTbCfI
HaJ1 HaMH].
B TeKCTe, KOHe'lHO, YTOQHHeTCH, '1TO Eypa.papHbIr BOllie." B
KOI-ITaKT. KaK CKa3a. T IM 6bl B Harne BpeMR. J1Hlllb c HH3111HMH npe.L1.-
CTaBHTeJIHMH rpynnbI, He C HMeHHTbIMH AxcapTarKaTa. He C HaCTO:R-
l1lHMH repORMH 6. TeM He MeHee BeCb P0.L1. OKa3aJICS1 CKOMnpOMeTH-
pOBaH XOTR 6bI TeM, liTO He npH3HaJI nOTOM BHHbl 3a qaeTblO CBO-
liX GJIeHOB.
DoJIee Toro, nOCJIenYlOl1lHH 3nH30n B KaHOHHqeCKOM CBO.L1.e
CKa3aHHH «HapTbl Ka.n.n.1KblTa:» HaBO.L1.HT Ha MblCJIb. (lTO eaM BeJIH-
KHH COeJIaH 6blJI no MeHbllleH Mepe OCaenOMJIeH 0 3arOBope H BOC-
nonb30Banc>! y6HHCTBOM XaNblua, '1T06b1 3aBnaAeTb ero '1YJ1eCHbI-
MH KOHHMH 7.
HaKa3aIme, KOTOPO\!Y DaTpa3 nOJ1Bepr 3TY BTOPYIO KaTeropHIO
BHHOBHblX, Y>KaCHO 0 HeM 6bIno paCCKa3aHO BbIllie. Cpei!H Axcap-
TarK3T3 oaTp33 He pa36HpaCT Y>Ke np3BblX H BHHOB3TbIX H na>Ke
He J1eJlaeT pa3nHQHII Me>KAY AxcapTarKaTa H APYTHMH HapTaMH:
Bee HapTbI, BeCb Hapo.n. .n.OJDKeH 3an.r:I3THTb 33 KpOSb ero OTua.
nOCTaBHB nepeJI. HapT3MH HeBbInOJIHHMble YCJIOBHfI nJIaTbl 3a
, Kr, c. 224-232; (HK, c. 251-260).
fi 0 ,AeJIeHHH HapToB Ha «3J1I1TY» }{ «nle6c» He33JmCIlO OT «rpYHKUHOHaJlb-
fJbfX pO,AOS» B epaDHeHHH C COIU1aJlbHllM AeJ1eHHeM a.'J3HOD H .na>Ke CKHOD. eM.
c. 155
1 Kr. c. 229-230; HK, c. 257.
-41

KPOBb. OH BCH11€CKH H3aeBaCTCH HaJJ. HHMH. COfJ1aCHO H€KOTOPblM
BapHaHTaM - pa3HT M€IlOM H TOntIeT KOHeM.
lIa cOli pa3, C.qei-\OBaTe.%Uo. >KepTBaMu BblCTynalOT Bo061l1e
«HapTbI» - W:lpolI.. oJ},lIoro H83B8HHH KOToporo. eeJ1H OHO ynoMH-
HaCTCfI 6e3 pa3rpaHHIJeHHH HB TPH ponal JlocTaTotiHo, GT06bl BbI-
3Ban B Bo06pa>KeHUI! OCeTUIt repOUqeCKHe 06pa3bL KpaiiHocTb
BaTpa3a Bblpa>KaeTC51 II B TOM, qTO OH nOJlBepraeT l!aKa3aUUIO
seCb HapOLl. repO€B H B TO >Ke BpeMH B TOM. liTO MllleHHe ero He-
HCTOBO.
3. BHHOBlfblX 60.,lbUIe tleT Bce uaKa3aHbJ, H cBepx MCpbl. Ho ,
COfJIaCHO 6o.!lbmeii 1l8CTH BapHaHTOB, flpOCTb DaTpa33 Bce >Ke He
YTuxaeT TJPOJ\O"'>KeUHe CKa3aHU51 ueU3MeHIIO no ijJopMe, 110 npu-
B513b1BaeTC51 no-pa3110MY. BOT OJlI!H 113 Hall60JIee pacnpOCTpalleH-
HbIX I€P€XOlI.OB.
KorJla HapTb! OKOHqaTeJIbHO naJ1H J1YXOM, TO orBpaTIITb OT
UIIX 6eJlY B351.1C51 3a xopornylO n",aTY CbIPJ\OH. Oil 51B."51eTC51 nepe.n;
BaTpa30M 8.
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KOi'i no fOllOBe H npHIlHTaJI:
- XaMbIU 6bIR MOH Ha3B8Hh1H 6paT. H H 3H31O Tex. KTO
y611JI ero. Ho q10 51 Mory npOTIIB HIIX?
- K10 y611J1 Moero OTl.(a? - CnpOCMJI BaTpa3.
- He cTauy cKpblBaTb OT Te651, OTel.( TBOH 6bIJI y6HT no
liaYllleuHIO 33J10B H J\yaroB. CeHqaC OMH C06paJIHCb B Kpeno-
CTH Yapn H rOTOB51TC51 CY!!UTb i\yrny XaMbll.(a.
BaTpa3 BeJIe." C03BaTb HapToB H CKa3aJI HM:
- npHBH}KHTe MCHH K MoeH CTpeJI H H3 JIYKa Moero
BblCTpemne B KpenoCTb Yapn!
HapTbI nOCnernHJIH HcnOJIHHTb npHKa3. BaTpa3 pa3rpOMHJ1
KpenocTb, Bb!XBaTHJI eBoH Mell H CTaJI H36HBaTb 33JtOB H
J1yaroB, oTpy6uJ1 UM PYKH U KpblJIb51, MaJIO KTO H3 HHX
YI\e.qeJI.
310 HOBblH nepuoll MllIeuH51, nOCJJe.n;HHH. )l(epTBaMH BaTpa3a
CTaHOBflTCH pa3HbIe KaTeropHH He6ecHhlx JtYXOB. HHorJta Bee, Hero
CBHTOTaTCTBO B KOHue KOHUOB BbIBO,lI.HT H3 TepneHHH Dora 9.
1(0rJla BaTpa3 nOH51JJ, TO 33i\bI H J1yam nOrnJIH JKaJJOBaTb-
C51 ua Hero Bory, oH CKa3aJI ce6e: «410 3TO 3a Bor, K KO-
TOPOMY H.t!YT C }KaJ106aMH 33J1b1 H J1yarH? TJoHJlY-Ka 51 era
npOBeJlalO». TJpHroTOBHJ1C51 OH H OTnpaBHJ1C51 ua He60 K
Bory.
Bor 6pOCHJ1 Ha nYTH BaTpa3a CHMBOJ1MQeCKHe npe.n;MeTbl, J1a6b1
, Kr, c. 231-232: (HK. c. 258-260).
, TaM "'e. c. 233-234; HK, c. 260.
42
OTBpaTHTb ero OT ::noro KOWYHCTB€HHOrO naJIOMHHLJCCTBa, HO oaT-
pa3 npOJlo.qJKa." HanallaTb ua ,:\YXOB.
WeJI OH U YBU1\eJ1 ua He6e ceMepblX YaCTblpJlJKH H ceMe-
pblX EJIua. BpOCHJIC51 OU Ha HHX U y6HJ1 TpOHX YaCTblplIJKH
H TpOHX Elma. Te >K€ H3 HHX, KTO cnaccfI. IIOWlH K Eory H
rOBOp 51T:
- Bbl6HpafI, BOJKe: ."[H60 Mbl, JIH60 XaMbll\eB CblH BaT-
pa3.
TOfJIa Bor YKa3bIBaeT UM Clloc06 1I0KOHqHTb C BaTpa30M. OH
3aBJIeKaeT BaTpa3a B i-\0.1HHY Xa3M, npe1\BapHre.%HO HaKa3aB
COJIHu.y nOCJIaTb Ha 3eM.TIIO 3£1. OJtHH neHb Bce TO TenJIO, liTO npen-
Ha3HalleHO Ha ron H OCYll1HTb BCC HCTOGHHKH. neperpeBlllHCb.
DaTpa3 Y>Ke He M>KeT OXla,lI.HTb TeJIO, H e,lI.HHCTBeHHblH KyeOGeK
ero KHllleGHHKa. KOTOpblH OCTaJICfI He 3aKaJIeHHbIM y KY3Heu.a
I(ypJlaJIarOHa, Bocn.qaMeH51eTC51. BaTpa3 YMl!paeT IV.
CSHTOT3TCTBO B pa3.r:IHGHbIX BapHaHTax HMeeT pa3HbIe BHnbI.
HO OHO - 06H3aTeJIbHafi npBHa.a,J1e>KHOCTb )Toro 33KJIIOIJHTeJIbHOro
aKTa. BOT O.lJ,HH H3 C8MblX paHHHx 3anHcaHHblX BapHBHToB:
(...) 3aMeTHB HX (aHreJIOB), BaTpa3 06Ha>KHJI Meq H nbl-
TaJIC51 Y1\apHTb HX, HO He Mor B HI!X nonaCTb. TJpH6b1B K ne-
peKpecTKY, aHreJIbl Y>Ke .r:IeTeJIH y caMorI rOJIOBbI ero. TaK liT:>
HaKoHeu. DaTpa3. He BHJlfl ce6e cnaCeHHJI. 6pOCHJICH Ha eSOH
Meq H IIcnycTHJI 1\Yx.
TaKHM 06pa30M, KpaHHoCTu nOBeJleHU51 BaTpa3a nOCJ1eJlOBa-
T€.iIbHO COOTHOCHTCfI C TpeMH <PYHKLlHHMH H npOHBJIHIOTCH B He-
CKOJIbKHX acneKT8X.
TJpeJKJle Bcero, 3TO KacaeTC51 JIHI.(, lIa KOTOpbfX 011 pacnpoCTpa-
HfleT CBOIO MeCTb He38CJIY}KeHHo: DH MCTHT He TOJIbKO MymGHHaM
H3 pona DoraTblX. HO H fiX >KeHaM. MCTHT meCTOKO; OH MCTHT He
TOJIbKO HeCKOJIbKHM BHHOBHbIM AxcapTarKaTa. HO H BCCMy Hapony
repoeB B l.(eJIOM; HaKOHel.(, OH 6epeTC51 3a He6eCHbiX J1YXOB - JIH60
no JIOJKHOMY HaBeTY, .qu60 nOTOMY, qTO OHU CMelOT CY1\HTb J1yrny
ero oTua. XOTfI 3TO H BX01I.HT B HX npflMble «06H3aIUIOCTH».
4TO KacaCTCH cnoc06a H CHJIbI MeCTH EaTpa3a. TO OH, 3aCTaB-
JIflH >KeH DoraTbIX pa60TaTb BMeCTO BMOB, BblCM€HBaeT reM CaMh1M
3eMJIeJI.€JIHe; OH GHHHT Bce 60JIblllHe H 60JIblllHe HaCHJIHH HaA. re-
p051MH - HapTaMH, npe,l\J1aral! HM pernaTb Bce HOBbIe HeBblnOJIHH-
Mble 3aJlaqH, qT06b1 3aCJIYJKHTb ero IIpOllleHHe; He roBOp51 0 TOM,
qTO 6HTb U H36HBaTb He6eCHblX J1YXOB - YJKe 60rOXYJIbCTBO, 011
np051BJI51CT npeHe6peJKeHHe H K caMOMY Bary, KOTOpOro He 3l1aeT.
PeIJb HneT 0 e.a,HHOM U.CJIOM: TPH 3nH30,lI.a HepaC1JJIeHHMbl, H
10 B O.l1HOM 83 Bapn8fiTOB OT >Kapa nJI3BHTCfI 1J:8CTb ero lJ:epena. c.n.eJl8HH3f1
H3 Me)l.H (illH4mep, 3M.lVi. N'1 14, 1868, npuJI. 4, c_ 49-50: 3TOT MOTHB B3HT
H3 CK838HHH 0 qeJlBxcapTare).
43

COCT2B.HICM3H HMH 06m3f1 KapTHHa GeTI<O OTMe}KeBblBaeTCH OT
BCem npe.1WeCTBYlOll\ero nOnpHll\a 6aTpa3a. 3TO L\eJJoe ynop>u\o-
qeHlIO: rpH «j>YHKL\HH CMeHHIOT B neM OJ\Ha J\pyrylO nOOqepeJ\HO-
TpeTbH BTopafl nepBafl. nOCKOJIbKY CTeneHb TfI>KeCTH npocTynKoB
B03paCTae-r, npHqeM TpeTHH npocTynoK JIOrnqeCKH 3aKOHOMepHO
B..leLJeT 33 C060H CMepTb repOfi. 3TO Ue.TIoe Bc€06b€M.I1fOllle nOJIHO:
IIH>Ke 6ypa«j>apHblra, Bblpa>KalOll\erO caMYIO HH3KYJO «j>YHKL\HIO.
Bblwe i\YXOB H DOra DaTpa3 He HaweJJ 6bl KaTeropHH MblCJJHIl\HX
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pe% Hl!eT 0 Tpex «j>a3ax OJ\HOro aKTa MIl.[eHHH, 06paeHHoro He
TOJIbRO Ha KOHKpeTHoro Bepll1HTeJIH npecTyn..-l£'HHH, HO H Ha Bce
TPH rpynnbl nOi\CTpeKaTeJJeH. npOCTO B nepB!, IBYX 3nH30.l\aX Ha-
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t:lT06bI 06JIerllHTb yqaCTb nOCJle.n.HHX JIH60 Jf3-3a Toro, liTO Bblno.tI-
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B03MO>KHO. GTO OHO 03HallaeT JIorHGeCKOe pa3Me>KeBaHHe Memny
nepBOH «j>YHKI.(Hei! H i\BYMH J\pyntMH, HH3WHMH, qaCTo BCTpeqalO-
ll\eeCH B KapTHHax TpH<jJYHKlJ.HOHaJJbHoro TonKa ".
CJJe.l\OBaTeJIbHO, He 6YJ\eT HaTH>KKOH npe.l\nOJJO>KHTb, qTO TYT
CTapaH TeMa «Tpex «j>YHKL\HOHaJJbHblX rpeXOB BOHHa», nOBepHYTa!!
B COOTBeTCTBHH C OC060H HaTypoi! BaTpa3a, nopOi\HJJa CMe>KHYIO,
HO OVJ:H1IHYIO OT Hee TeMY, KOTopafl 6h1JIa HaMH TOJIbKO liTO pB306-
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. 3TO npe.l\nOJJO>KeHHe nOJ\Kpenn!!eTC!! CJJel!YlOll\HMH MbICn!!MH.
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B 1971 r. B KHHre «MH<jJ H 3noc» (q. IP2), KaCaJJHCb HH!J.HHL\a IIIH.
wynaJlbl, rpena repaKna, CKaHJ\HHaBa CTapKaJ\a. H B nepBb!X
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HOBHTCH .n.nH repOH OCBo60>K,lI.eHHeM, ycnoKoeHHeM nOCJIe napOKCH3.
Ma HaCHJJHH H, KpOMe Toro, npHMHpHeT ero C Bpa>KJ\e6HblM 6o>Ke-
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Wlfl 3-H; }fIlH CHOBa 4>YHKltHH l-,SI (acneHT BapYHbI) II 2-ffU) I-ft (acneKT MHT-
pbl) H 3-2.
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44
CTBOM: B TOT MHr, KOrila BHWHY 06e3rJJaBJJHBaeT IllHwynaJJY, TOT,
ycneB B noc.qeJ\lmi! pa3 6pOCHTb eMY ocKop6JJellHe H BbI30B, «nepe-
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YMHpaeT Ha KOCTpe 3Tbl, repa YCblHOBJJHeT ero H OH CTaHOBHTCH
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H Dor npOJJHJJ HaJ\ HHM TPH CJJe3bl. TOJJbKO nocne 3TOro
33J\bI H ilyarH BHeCJJH DaTpa3a B CO«j>HHCKYIO rp06HHL\Y H no-
JIO>KHJIH ero TaM. A B TOM MeCTe, KY,lI.a ynaJIH TPH 60>KbH
CJIe3bI, nOflBHlHCb TPH CBflTHJIHli(a: TapaH,lI.>KeJIOC, MblKaJIra-
6b1pTa H PeKOM. (...j
" Kr, e. 234-235, ep. J1H, N. 19.e, e. 71-72 (Be. MH.'1JIep, I, 1881,
c. 24-26). MOTHB rpHHaJia -cTponnlBblH Tpyn (Bc. MHJlJlep C6J1H>KaJl ero C KOH-
UOBKOU ltHKlla PYCCKHX 6blJIHH 06 l1J1he MYPoMue: JIB, c. 208, npHMe'l. 6)-
npHcYTcTByeT BO Bcex BapHaHTax. no/.{ «Co$HikKoii rpo6uHlleH», KOne'lHo. BMC-
eTCH B BH,AY KOHCTaHTHHOnOJIbCKHH xpaM CB. CO$HH (HK, npHMe'l., c. 384)
TPH CBHTHJIHlI1a, B03HHKlllHe H3 CJ1e3HHOK Dora, H3 KOTOpblX Ha3BaHHfI nepBblx
,ABYX 06pa30BaHbI OT HMeH rpY3HHcKoro npOHCXmK.3.eHHH, B cpC)J;HHe BeKa, AOJUKHO
6b1Tb, 6bU1H B GceTHH KpynHblMH O'laraMH xpHcTHaHcTBa. CerO,AHH 3TO TOJILKO
«,A3yapbl» (cBHTble MecTa), nO,A06Hble MHorHM ,ApyrHM, co CBOHMH AyxaMH-noKpo-
BHTeJlHMH.
45

OJ{51aKO C DaTpa30M CB513a51 H J\PyroH, npOTHBOnOJIO>KHblii
3TOMY MOTHB, TaK>Ke paCnpOCTpaHeHHblii B HHJ\OeBpOneiicKOM MH-
pC,- \tOTHB «TpmpYHKUHOHaJIbHO COBeprneHHOrO My>Ka», TO eCTb
COBepWeHHOrO BO BceX TpeX Ij>Y51KI1HOHa.%HblX 06J1aCTRX. B CKa3a-
HHH IB C60pHHKa «HapTbI KBLUI.>KbITa"». 038rJI8BJIeHHOM «.nyqIllHH
H3 HapTOB», DaTpa3 nOJIy'!aeT OT >KIOpH CTapeHIllH51 TPH npeJ\MeTa
(npaB,a, ne'THlj>lj>epeHI1HpOBa51Hble); npHCY>Kl\e51He HX nOCTaBJIeHO
B 33BHCHMOCTb OT TpeX YC.r:IOBHH, H3 KOTOpbIX Ka>KnOe COOTBeTCT-
BYCT OJ\HOMY 513 Ij>YHKI1HOHa.1bHblX ypoB51eii. 3m 6b1J1o nOJlp06HO
paccMoTpe51o B CTaTbe, ony6J1HKoBa5151oii >KypHaJlOM «Revue de
I'Histoire dcs Rcligions», B OCHOBY KOTOpoii JlerJlo C006l1!e51He B
KOJI.c>K Ae tI>paHc (cy66OTa, 26 lj>eBpaJI51 1960 r.), 3aTeM B
1968 r. pa306paHo B OJ\510II H3 r.aB KHHrH «MHIj> H 3noc» ('I. I).
51 Mory JIHUJb OTOCJlaTb (IHTaTeJIH K nOCJleJIHeH pa6oTe. nOBTopHB
npci\ynpe>K.i\eHHe. i\aH51oe B npHMe'laHHH KO 2-My H3J\a51HIO
(1973 r.) 14: OTKpbITHe, CJlCJIa51HOe OAHHM 1<3 MOHX KOJlJler, nOJ{-
TBCp>K,la51 TpHIj>YHKI1HOHaJlbHYIO HanpaBJIeHIIOCTb CKa3aHH51, KapJ\H-
H8JIbHO MeHfleT era TOJIKOB3HHe; C Tex nop nOJIo>KeHHe He H3MeHH-
JIOCb, HOCKOJlbKY aBTOp el1!e HC 06HapOi\OBaJl OTKpblTHe, 0 KOTOpOM
Co06l1!PJI M51C. (...)
.l!.onYCTI<MO TpHIj>YHKI1HOHaJIbHOe TOJIKOBaHHe cJleJ\YIOl1!cro cKa-
3aHHH, paCCMaTpHBaeMoro HH>K€ B HHOH CBH3H 15. nO,ltBHrH, KOTOpblX
OJ\H51 3a JlpyrHM Tpe6yeT OT lO51oro AiicaHbI >KeHa COCJIaHa - a B
3TOM TCKCTe AiicaHa, 6C3YCJlOBHO, J\BoiiHHK DaTpa3a,- 3TO:
I) YHHqTO>KHTb HcnpHRTeJIbCKOe BoilcKO, 3aXBaTHBillee Kpaii Hap-
TOB; 2) 51 3) 3aBoeBaTb BOJlIllC6HOe paCTe51He H KpaCaBHQY; 4) npH-
Be3TH rny6y, KOTopaR noeT H nJI51IlleT i\JIR Dora.
AllcaHa BOrneJI B J\OM AxcapTarKaTa. Y BHy-rpeHHeii CTe-
Hb! CHJ\CJIa >KeHa COCJIalia. aHa J\a>Ke He B3r-">mYJla B CTOpO-
MY CbIBa YpbI3Mara, He CJI.BHHYJ1aCb C MeCTa.
AikaHa CKa3aJI:
- KaK TbI HenOBOpOTJlHBa, J\06paH >Ke51l1!H51a! K.oHe'lHO, 51
He qY>KOH. HO Morna 6bI XOTb npHBCTaTb J::tJIfI npHBeTa!
)KeHa COCJIaHa OTBe'la.la eMY:
- lho MHe BCTaBaTb nepe,lI. To6QH, COJIHbIWKO? TbI Be,Ab
He nporna. C HapTOBCKoil 3CMJIH BoiicKO arypOB 10 (Ubi
.n.HU'CTOH, Ma? xyp, HCTbI MbIH arypbl 'Ij>CauTbI KYbi Ha?
a3J\a?XTaii HapTa?ii).
YCJIbIlllaB 3TH CJlOBa, AHcaHa BCKOl:lHJI H8 KOHH H. nblJIaH
mCBOM, MHrOM npHCKaKaJI K BoiicKY arYPOB. CTaJI OH 6HTbCR
11 CTO:JbKHX nopy6BJI, LITO nOTOK HX KpOSH X1bIHYJI IW OCT3.1b-
HbIX H YHec HX C HapToBcKoit 3eMJIH. AikaH3 pa3rpOMWl Boii-
CKO arypoB, cnac ce.clme HapTOB H EepHyncH B p0.i\51oii 1\OM.
Bee H3pTbI BCTpeLla.TIH ero P3.n,OCTHO H TaK CTO.1nW1HCb BO-
Kpyr, LITO He ;I3B3JIH eMy cnelllHTbCSI. Ho >KeHa COeJI3Ha H
TOrll.a He B31'.,-'IHHy..13 Ha Hero Ii He C;IBHHY'IaCb C MeCTa.
- Y}K OLJeHb TbI HenOBopOT..1HBa. ..1.06paSI }KeHIllHH3!-
06paTHJICSI K HeM AiieaHa. COBceM BeAb C MeCTa HC
BCTaeWb!
)KeHIllHH3 OTBeLlaJI3:
- 4TO MHe BCTaB3Tb nepeA T060M. COJIHbIll1KO? T hI me He
nOC311.H.TJ B MO€M ,lI.BOpe .n.epeBO, KOTopoe llBeTeT C 3aXO,lI.a
cW1Hu.a 11.0 nOJlYHO'llH, nJIOIl,bl KOToporo C03peBalOT C nOJIYHOliH
J\O paCCBe-ra (xypHblrYblJI1\a?ii a?M6HCa?XCa?BMa? J\HI\HHa?r
'1H a?Ij>TaYbl, a'M6HCa?XCa'Ba?ii 60HMa? pa?r'ba'J\ '1H Ka?HbI...
Ybll1b1 6a?JIac...) H H3-3a KOToporo JlBC ropbl J\epYTCE Me>K
C060H, KaK 1\Ba 6apa51a!
3TH CJIOBa nOKa3aJIHCb AiicaHe 06HJ\HblMH. OH nOBepHYJl-
CR H OTnpaBHJlCR J\06blBaTb J\cpeBO. B nYTH KOHb CnpOCHJI Y
Hero:
- KYJ\a Tbl eJ\CWb, p0>KJ\eHHblH Dory HC B pallocTb?
CKa>KH-Ka H MHe 06 3TOM.
AiicaHa CKa3aJI:
- EJ\Y 3a J\epeBoM, KOTopoe OT 3aXOJ\a comH.\a J\O nOJIY-
HOLIH UBeTeT, nJIO,lI.bI KOTopoI'o c03peBalOT C nOJIYHOIlH ,lI.0 pac-
CBeTa H H3-3a KOToporo ABe rophI .n.epYTCH Me)K co6oH, KaK
1\Ba 6apaHa.
KOHb OTBC'IaJI CMY:
- He nOMblrn.EH 06 nOM J\eJIe. MHOro 60raTblpcii, He
xY>Ke Te6H, e3,lI.H.TJH 1I.06bIBaTb ,lI.epeBO, HO HH O!I.HH He CHOCHJI
fO.TJOBbI.
- 51 J\OJl>KeH ero opHBe3TH,- CKa3aJI Ailca"a.
KOHb CMY CKa3aJI:
- ECJIH TaK, 3aTEHH nOTY>Ke MOIO n01\npyry, xopoIlleHbKo
3aBH>KH B Y3eJI MHe XBOCT. HO OCTaBb He3aBH3aHHblMH TPH
BOJIOCKa. KorJ\a Mbl npH6YJ\cM K 1\BYM ropaM, qTO J\CpYTCR
Me)K C060M, KaK 6apaHbI, XJIeCTHH MeHH. TaK CHJIbHO, IlT06 C
60Ka Moero CJIe3 KYCOK KO}KH BeJIHl:lHHOH C n01l.0111BY, 3 C JI3-
,lI.OHH TBoeH - KyeoK KO>KH co lllJIenOK ,lI..TJH KHYTat TOf,lI.a MbI
npOeKOIlHM.
npH6b!JIH OHH K J\BYM ropaM, AiicaHa 3aT51HYJI nOJ\npyry,
KpenKo 3aBH3aJI B Y3e.rI XBOCT KOHH H TaK XJIeCTHYJI, IlTO e
JIa,lI.OHH ero e.TJe3 KyeoK KOEH co lllJIenOK ,lI.JIH KHYTa. a e 60-
Ka KOHH - KyeoK KO>KH C nO,lI.Oll1BY. KOHb OlI,HHM npbI>KKOM
npOCKOqH,' Me>KJ\Y ropaMH, AiicaHa ycneJI EbIJ\CPHYTb J\epeBo
C KOpH51MH H 06epHYTbCE. fOpbl cOM"Hy.HCb H BbipBaJIH H3
XBOCTa KOHH TpH BO.rIOCKa.
Ha 06paTHoM nYTH KOHb CKa3aJI AiicaHe:
" RHR, 157, 1960, c. 141-154; M3', c. 485-503 (npHMe,. KO 2.MY "'1\.,
c.637).
15 rR.XXVII.«npCJJ.3HHe ° CKHJlC»-B ifaCT H3JJ..onyweHO.- (npUMe"l.nep.);
HK, c. 307-312.
16 Agurtre: 3TO .11860 TlOpKcKoe HlIUI. OrY3 C pOTal.{H3MOM, KaK B 'lYBC:lWCKQM
S:JblKC.- cpo OO'VYoUl'0Up1 (cOn Uguu - ,AecHTb yrypOB, 'O';b1p B I"IJC'lt'CKMX HC-
TO'IHHK8X (A6aeB). JIHGO H33B311HC JlJIeMeHH Agoritai H3 CCBepHoM KaBK33c, °
KOTOpOM nHcan nTOJICMeH (V. 8, 12).
46
47

- ECJIH 6bI MaTh KopMH.."ra \1eHH CBOHM MO.,lOKOM Ha TPH
.lI.HfI nOJlbllle 7 H 6bI He nOTepHJI H 3TltX Tpex BonOCKOB.
AI1caHa B03BpaTH<TCH B ceJIeHHe HapTOB. OH nOcaJlHJI Jle-
peBO BO JlBOpe COCJlaHOBoii }KeHbL HapTbl CTO.1nHJIHCb BOKpyr
AiicaHbI H paJlOBaJIHCb TOMY, KaKoe 'IYJlHoe JlepeBO OH HM
npHBe3. Ho }KeHa COCJI8Ha H TYT He nO)J.HHJIaCb C MeCTa. Aii-
caHa cnpOCH<T Y Hee:
- A Tenepb TbI no"eMy He BCTaeIllb, 'Iero Te6e elile HaJlO?
- A "TO MHe BCTaBaTb nepeJl T060ii? TbI BeJlb He npH-
Be3 ce6e B }KeHbI CaYMapoH Eyp)J.3a6ax, 6eJIOKYPYIO KpacaBH-
u.y 113 llepH03eMHbIX 17 KpaeB!
AiicaHa nOBepHYJI KOHH H OmpaBHJlCH 3a CayMapoH
EYPJl3a6ax.
CaYMapoH 5ypJl3a6ax JKHJIa B TaKoii BblCOKOii 6aIllHe, Bep-
XYIllKY KOTOpOH HeJIb3H 6bl..10 pa3r J1S1JteTb npocTbIM l'J1a30M 7 H
corJIallfaJIaeb BbIHTH 3aMY>K J1Hlllb 38 Toro. lleH rQJIOC .llOHeCCH
6bI Jto Hee c 3eMJIH_
AiicaHa, CTOH Y nOJlHO}KHH 6aWHH, KPHKHYJI "TO 6b1JIO MO-
IlH, HO KPHK ero He nOHeCCH nB>Ke .no Cepe1(HHbI, H AHcaHa
OKBMeHeJI no KQ.11eHH. Of! 3aKpHIl3JI BO BTOpOM pa3, HO ronoe
ero onHTb He 6blJI yc.llbIllIaH, H OH OKaMeHeJI no nOHC. CJIe3bl
nOKa33JIHCb Ha ero rJIa33X. Tor.n.3 KOHb CKa3aJl eMY:
4TO >Ke TbJ MOJIIlHWb, MOH Bca.a.HHK?
- S1 HHllero He MOl' CneJ1aTb. Tenepb O.ll.Ha H3.n.e>KJta HB
Te6H!
KOHb 3apJKaJI, Jla TaK rpOMKO, 'ITO 06pYWHJICH yrOJI Bep-
XYWKH 6aWHH, H AiicaHa CTaJI TaKHM, KaK npeJKJle. PJKaHHe
I!OHeCJIOCb JlO CJIyxa CaYMapOH 5YPJl3a6ax, OHa Y3HaJIa, '!TO
AiicaHa npH6b1JI, H CTaJIa cnycKaTbcH.
- TbI YJKe npHeXaJI 3a MHOii, AiicaHa? - CnpOCHJIa OHa.
- }J.a, npHeXaJI. BblXOJlH 6bICTpee - oTnpaBHMcH B nYTb.
CaYMapoll BYPJl3a6ax BbIWJla 113 6aWIIH, H AiicaHa noca-
,lI.HJI ee lia KOHfI 33 CBoeM cnHHOH.
0T'be3JKaH, AiicaHa CnpOCHJI:
- ''ho 3TO 3a 6eJIble KaMHH BOKpyr 6aWHH?
- 3TO He KaMHH , - OTBeqaJIa OHa.- 3TO Te, KTO XOTeJI
H3 MHe )KeHHTbCH Ho HX 30B He .l{OJIeTeJl JtO MeHH, H OHM
OKaMeHeJIH.
- ToriJ,a npeapaTH IIX CHOBa B JIIOJleii! - CKa38J1 AiicaHa.
- He npocH )1JIfI HHX >KH3HH,- OTBeTHJI3 OHa.- Te6H BhI-
PY""JI KOUb, a cpeJlIl HIIX 6bUlI MOJIOJlUbI YJlaJIee Te6H. ECJIH
OEH O>KHBYT, TO He Jt3.a.YT Te6e )KeHHTbCH HB MHe.
- HHllero He nOlI,eJfaeWb, Tbl ,lI,OJI>KHa O>KHBHTh HX!-
CKa3an Bce )Ke Aiicana.
CaY.\1apOH EYPJl3a6ax MaXHYJIa BnpaBO CBOHM WeJlKOBblM
n.,'I3TKOM - K3MHH npeBpaTHJIHCb B MY>K':lHH, H Te Bee pa30M
17 CMblcn HMeIiH: Sau - «'lepIIIlH:», ma'r - «3eMnfl» (on - naTpOHHMHlleCKHH.
CY4PHKC), bul'" - «6eJlOKypNH:', 3a:>brex - «,A06PblH, XOPOWHH, npJirO>KHH::t>.
48
Ha6poClIJIlICb Ha AiicaHY. Kor)J.a OJlIlH 1I3 III1X 3aHec HaA
HHM Me", CaYMapOIl EYPiJ,3a6ax MaxHYJIa nJIaTKOM lIaJleBO-
H OHH CHOBa 06paTW1Hcb B KaMHH.
H AiicaHa npllBe3 CaYMapoll EYPJl3a6ax B CeJIellHe Hap-
TOB. HapTbI BceM CeJIOM paJtoBaJIHCb AHcaHe Hero HeBeCTe.
Co Bcex CTOpOH eMY HeC.1H nOJlapKII II yrolilellllH. B 3TO
BpeMH npH6bIJIa JloMoii II rocTIIBIllaH y p01\IIb1X CaTalla.
O"eHb 06pa1\OBaJIaCb OHa B03BpalilellllIO CbllIa II 3aKBaCHJla
pOHL Ypbl3Mar, XaMbIU TaKJKe 8ep1lYJICb 1I3 noxoJla. Koma
OHII Y3HaJIII, KaK AiicaHa pa3rpoMH.1 BOHCKa arypoB, IIX pa)l.O-
CTH H BOBee He 6bIJlO npe,lI.eJIa.
- }J.a 06paTHTCH Ha MeHH Bce HeJlym, rp03Hlillle MoeMY
M3JIeHbKoMY AHcaHe , KOTOpb1H BblpBaJI Hallie CeJIeHHe H3-nO.ll
KonbIT Bpa}KeCKII KOlleii! .Qa 3ApaBCTByeT B Mllpe cynpyra
HallIa CaTaHa, BocnHTaBlllaH llJIH HapTOB CTOJ1b YJt8J10ro
MOJIOJlua! - CKa3aJI YpbI3Mar.
Tor,lI.a HeXOTH )KCH8 COCJIaHa nO,lI.HHJlaCb C MeCTa.
AHcaHa CKa3aJI eH:
- TbI BCTaJIa C MeCTa TaK HeOXOTHO, Jt06paH )KeHl1lHHa,
"TO JIY"Ille 6bI npOJlOJIJKaJIa CIIJleTb! .
- A paJlIl "ero MHe cneWIITb BCTaBaTb nepeJl To601l?-
OTBeqaJIa OHa.- Pa3Be Tbl npllBe3 MHe wy6y, "TO nepeJl 60-
rOM noeT BOpOTHHKOM 7 XJIonaeT PYKaBaMH, a nJIHllIe-: nOJla-
MIl? (xYbluaYbl pa3 iire X"bYbIpreii 3aprre "H KreHbI, lire AbI-
cTreii reMiJ,3&r'bJl iire «j>reJlJl}KbITreii Ka«j>rre, YbIUbI Krepu...).
TorJla AiicaHa OTBeTHJI:
- EC.1H 3TY wy6y CWlIna TbI, H ee npHBe3Y, a HlIa"e npll-
Be3TH ee fI He Mory.
lKeHa COCJIaHa 3aMOJI"aJIa. }J.a II "TO Olla MorJIa CKa-
33Th?
HaTHHYTbIe OTHOIlleHHH MeJKAY JKeHoii COCJIaHa, qy}KepoJllloii, H
IOHblM repoeM, BOnJIOlilalOlilllM B ce6e TpaJlIlUIIOllllble A06JIeCTH
HapTOB 6YJlYT npOKOMMeHTHpOBallbl HIIJKe. 3AeCb JKe 06paTlIM
BHHMaHe Ha flBHO <PYHKu.HOHaJIbHbIH CMblCJI nOCJIeJtOBaTeJIbHblX
Tpe60aaHHii, Ha .i\BOHKYIO opHeHTaU1I1O rpeTbeii «j>YHKUIIII: 6b1CTpO-
paCTywee paCTCHHe II }KeJIaHHaH JKeHlilllHa; lIa ue3YPY, 03I1a"alO-
WYIO "TO repoii He KoJie6.1HCb YilOBJleTBopHeT (BHOCH TeM caMblM
BeCObIH BK'Ia,lI. B 6pOJtHllHe MOTHBbI OJIbKJIOpa: CHMnJleraJ1.b
MYJlPbIii KOHb, nOCpaMJleHHbie JKellllXH II np.) Tpe60BaHlIH BTOpOIl
H TpeTbeH tPYHKUHH H 3aTeM OT,lI.eJIbIBae-rCH HaCMellIJlHBblM OTK3-
30M OT Tpe60Ba HHH nepBOH, KOTopoe npOTHBonocT3BW10 6u ero
Eory.
4 3aK. 712

III. CB}ITOfJ HJIb}I H TbIXOCT
HTaK, CKH<pCKHH 60r, KOTOpblH npeJJCTaBJleH repOJJOTOM B rpe-
ecKoi!, HBHO 06eJJHeHHOH HHTepnpeTaL\HH ApeCoM, 3aBelL\aJl CBOH
Ba1KHble pHTyaJlbHble, a Mo>KeT 6b1Tb, H MH<pOJlOrHeCKHe qepTbI
3nHeCKOMY nepCOHa>KY, nOJlYHBlI1eMY SlBHO n03JJHee HMH DaTpa3a,
«oceTHHcKoro 60raTblpH,.. Ho Hce3 JlH 3TOT 60r 6eCCJ1eJJHo?
A MO>KeT 6b1Tb, KaKOH-JlH60 BTopocTeneHHbIH nepCOHa>K 60ra-
TOM oceTHHcKoH MHcpOJIOrHli u.eJIHKOM HJIH qaCTHI{HO B3HJI Ha ce6H
YCJlyrH, KOTOpblX npe)JKH OCeTHH O>KHJJaJlH OT 3Toro 60ra 60JlbWe
.name, qeM rpeKH OT Apeca -- 6ora. !:IPCOMHeHHQ HanOMHHalOwero
CJlO1KHblH 06pa3 HHJJpbl y BeJJHeCKHX HHJUIHL\eB H. 1\030pOaCTpHH-
CKHX HpaH(\eB - nOBeJ1HTeJlH rpOMa H MOJlHHH H 06pa3Ila I\JlH BOH-
HOB, HX nOKpOBHT€JIH? B03MO>KHO. Ho npe}K)1e GeM n.onYCTHTb 31'0,
Hal\O YCTpaHHTb OI\HO COMHeHHe.
OT nepBoro 3Tana xpHCTHaHH3aIlHH OceTHH YHaCJleJJOBaJIa
H,lblO, HeKoero «CBHToro HJlblO», EI(i)ja, (Jel(i)ja), HJlH Wacil-
la. K He MY OTQlllJIa GaCTb nDnH neSneJJbHOCTH HHJtOHpaHCKoro
HHJJpbl. Ho <pOJlbKJlOpHbie CBH3H CBHroro npopOKa C rp030H, MOJl-
HHeM H co BceM, liTO 3aBHCHT OT HHX B X03HMCTBeHHOH H peJIHrH03-
HOM >KH3HH Jnon.e", OTMeqeHbl Ha BceM DJlH>KHeM BOCTOKe, H Oce
THH JIHlI1b COXpaHHJla TYT XOTb H He CKHCPCKYIO, HO oeHb ilpeBHlO1O
TpaI\HL\HIO. BOT oCHOBHble epTbI H 06H3aHHocTH YaL\HJlJlbL
\. flOBeJlHTeJlb MOJIHHH, OH HeycTaHHo HOCHTCH no Hc6y, npe-
CJIeJJyH 3JIbiX JJYXOB; HHorl\a TaK>Ke-JlH60 B HaKa3aHHC 3a TH>K-
KYIO BHHY, JlH60 CJIyaHHo-oH nOpa>KaeT CBoeH «CTpeJlOH» (fat)
eJIOBeKa. BOT noeMY eMY nOKJIOHHIOTCH npH p.iTyaJlax, KacalO-
lL\HXCH rpoMoM nOpa>KeHHblX; 3TH pHTyaJlbI pOBHO CTO JleT Ha3aJJ
TlL\aTe.%HO OnHcaJI D. raTHeB '.
npeJJCTaBHM, TO HeJJaJICKO OT naCTyxa Yl!apHJI rpOM; TOT
naJJaeT 6e3 YBCTB. TOBapHlL\H npH6eralOT K HeMY Ha no.
MOll1b, a OI\HH H3 HHX l\aCT 3HaTb 1KHTe.1HM aYJla, KOTopble
I CyeBepHH H npe.ApaccYlJ.KH Y OCeTHH.-CCKr. IX. 3, 1876, c. 29-30. Pe31O-
Me eM.: Be.. MHJIJlep. 03, 2, 1885. c. 241.
50
HeMelI..:1eHHO co6HpaJOTCfI BOKpyr HeCLJ:3CT'IHBU.3. He 3H3f1 HH-
KaKHX epe1I.CTB, 4eM nocooHTb, OHH nOIOT ne43JIbHYlO neCHlO
(0 lIeH 6YllCT PC% BnepCJJII) II MO,1HTCH: «HJfbH (npopOKa
I1JIblO oceTHHbI Ha3bIB31OT E'IHa liJIH Yau.H'IJIa) cmnOH OT
Te6H 3TO nOTpflceliHe H Myqelme! TbI cnaCH H nOM'1VH!
H.%" CBHTOH, BOCKpeCII 6eJJHOrO nacTyxa!» HaKOHeL\ naCTYX
npHXOl\lIT B YBCTBO, ero 6epYT JJOMOH II 3JJCCb, ycnoKoHB lIe-
CKOJIbKO. KJI3..:lYT H3 nOCT€'Ib. 3aT€M npn3bIB31OT ra.a.aJIbIllHKa
KOTOPbIH. nOr31I.aB Ha n3JIOLJ:K3X, nOB€'1eBaeT BbI6paTb n
>Kpc61110 TpOIlX 113 MOJlOJJbIX rOpL\eB If nOCbIJIaeT If X B JICC.
3I1.€Cb OHH lI,WUKHbI BbI6p3Tb ,lI.Ba npflMbIX, TOHKHX H BbICO-
KHX )1epeBa; cpy6HB HX, npnn€CTH Ha nJIeLJ:ax CEonx ,lI.0 MeCTa
rJJC CJIYIIJICH rpOMOBOH YJJap, KYl\a C06lfpalOTCH TaK>Ke O.'(HO:
<paHJIbUbI 60.TJbHOrO, no 01I.HOMY Ij€'10BeKY OT Ka}KlI.OrO ce-
M€HCTBa. 31I.eeb 3aKaJIbIBaeTCfl HJIH MO.TJ01I.OH K03JIeHOK, HJIH
HrHellOK B eCTb CB"TOro npopOKa HJIbll, 1160 OHH rpoMoBoH
Yl\ap npHnHcblBalOT eMY. HaKoHeL\, >KepTBa roroBa. OJJHH H3
cTapHKoB MOJIHTCfI: «0 DO>Ke, nOMorH! CSSHOH HJIbH, cnaCH
::ny ,lI.epeBHIO OT TBoero rHeB3 H oxpaHHH Hac OT TBoero V,lI.3-
pa, H60 MbI 6e,rU-IbIe rOCTH TBoero OTl.(,a H MaT€pH». C.TJYW-3T€-
JIH no OKOHLJ:aHHH K3>K1I.OrO npe1I..HO>KeHHH OTBeQ3IOT: «CBflTOH
HJIbfl, nOMH.TJYH Hac!» fIOCJfe 06e1I.a nOMHHYTbIe IOHOlllH 6epYT
06a llleCTa H, npHBH3aB K BCpXHHM KOHuaM HX rO.TJOBY BM€-
eTe C IllKYpOIO npHHeC€HI-IOH >KepTBbI, B6HBalOT HX B TO MeCTO,
r1I.e, no HX nOHHTHlO, HJIbH KapaJI 3€M.TJIO; C 3TOH nopbI P01I.H-
TeJIH nOpa}KeHHOrO rpOMOM nacTyxa ,lI.UJI>KHbl npHHOCHTb e}Ke
ronHO B TOT }Ke j],eHb RBa T3KHX }Ke llleCT3 j],JIfI 3aMeHbI CT3-
pbIX H B }KepTBY flrHCHK3 HwTJH K03JIeHKa. np331I.HHK lI,OJI>K€H
6bITb npa3JJHyeM BCCIO <jJaMII.1HCIO nOTOMCTBeHHO.
ECJIH >Ke, HanpOTHB, naCTYX YMpeT OT rpOMOBoro YJJapa,
TO pOJJCTBCHHHKH, (...) c06paBWHCb C >KHTCJIHMH Bcero aYJla
TYl\a, rJJe 011 6b1.q y611T, BMeCTO nJIaqa nOIOT BbIlI1eynoMHHY-
TIO n:,CHIO,: CO,lI.ep>K3HHe KOTOpoii HenOHflTHO: «OH-uonnaii 2 .
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utHe no HMeHaM nepellHCllHIOT Bce T€ MeC1'a H Tex JIfO.a,eH,
KOH 6JIH nOpa>KeHbI rpOMOM. «Ta3apCT, OH-reJlJ.'J.apbl, Ta3ap-
6CK, OH... (JJBa 6paTa.nacTyxa, y611TLIe rpOMOM BMCCTe CO
CBOIIMH CTaJJaMH). Cacpa-I\YP OH... rreHreHbI-I\YP OH....
JEXCHT-I\YP OH...» H T. JJ.
Bo BpeMH 3Toro nenHH npIlCYTCTBYIOlL\He, 06pa30BaB L\enb,
XOI\HT BOKpyr nOKOHHIIKa B npO;\OJI>KeHHe Tpex I\HeH. nOIOT
OHH B TOH Ha,lI.e>K1I.e, tJTO HJIbH, YC.TJbIW3B HX BOnJIb, BOCKpeCHT
MepTBoro. no HCTelleHHH >KC ::Horo cpOKa OHH t nOca,lI.HB no-
KOHHHKa na CTy.iI, onYCKalOT ero B MOrHJIY, BbIPblTYIO T3M,
r)1e y6HJIO erq rpOMOM, K.TJ3j],H C HHM era opY>KHe H ,lI.pyrHe
2 raTHeB, UHT. CT, c. 54 OTHOCHTC.TlbIlO IJeCIIH «Uonn<JH.» CM Aalllloe np"
Me4aHHe K 3TOMY CJlOBY (HCT041IHK XVIII D) B 113C051, I, 1958, C 314-316.
4*
51

npHHaAJle>KIIOCTH. TpH AH" pOAcTBeHHHKH KapaYJI"T MOrHJlY
,UJIR rofO, t:IT06bl B CJIyqae, eCJIH 6bI nOKOHHHK OJKHJI, nOMOl.lb
CMY BbIHTH H3 MOrHJIbJ.
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HJlH CJlY'IaeTCH APyroe 6eACTBHe, 3Ha'lHT, YaL\HJlJla BCe el1!e
rHeBaeTC". TorAa Tpyn BbIpb/BaIOT, KJlaAYT Ha TeJle>KKy, B
KOTOpylO 3anpfl>KeHbl .nBB 6bIGKa, H n03BOJlHIOT HM HJI.TH, KY-
.lla HM 3a6J1aropaCCYAHTCH, TJJyn >Ke XOpOHHT TaM, rAe
"JI.lH,'J1e yrO.llHO 6YAeT HX OCTaHOBIITb 3.
HaKonen. BO BceK CJlyqaHX no HCTeqeHHH rona pOJlCTBeH-
IIRKH YMepillero YCTpaHBalOT nllp TaM, rAe npOH30illeJl Hec-
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(n Hp, MOJlHTBa) nOpaJKeHHOrO rpOMOM» (apB - «He60», L\re-
BbIH - «YilapHTb»).
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peraeT OT HX K03HeH qeJIOSeKa Hero CKOT 4.
OCeTHilb/ Ha3bIBalOT kurys MH«pH'IecKYIO CTenb, rJ1e npopacTalOT
ceMeH8 Bcero, I!TO ltaeT 3eMJlH, a TaK>Ke CGaCTbH H HeCGaCTbH. 3T8
CTenb - yroAHc MepTBblx. H "IT06b1 3al1!HTHTb ce6H OT 3TIIX
kuris 3autre, B KaHYH HOBoro rOila Ka>K.D.aH ceMbH HanpaBJlHeTCH
B CEHTHJJJHll.e YaUH.TIJI8; >KHTeJIH ceJIa npHBoJUIT Tyn8 T8K>Ke seCb
CBOH CROT.
C/ apeHillHHa npOH3HOCHT MOJlHTBY: «YaL\51JlJla, J1a 6YAeM ro-
CTHMI! TBOHMH MbI caMH (..HaillH rOJlOBb/") H Haill ClmT! Y6epem
Hac OT KOBapHblX .. HeGHCTblX JIlOlleH! EC...1H KTO-J1H60 H3 Tex, KTO
3neCb eCTb, OCKop6HT Te6H, YKpa,LIJI MaJIeHbKoro Ma. T 1[,QHKa HJlH M8-
"ellbKYIO AeBO'IKY. KOillKY JlH60 Apyroe >KHBOe cym"<"1BO H YBe3H
ero t ,11,a norH6HeT OH OT TBoero rHeBab>
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l.Qa oapalW 1I.1H K03J1a. XpaHIITeJlb AeJiaeT MeTKY Ha OA510M H3 PO-
rOB ;KHBOTHoro H OTnpaBJ1f1eT ero 06paTHO B CTa,lI.O, KOTopoe OT-
HbIHC nOna,lI.aeT no;, nOKpOBHTe'lbCTBO YaUHJlnbl. 3aTeM JKHTeJIH
8YJl3 C8MH ,lI.eJI8IOT nO,lI.06Hbre OTMeTKH Ha CBOHX ,lJ.OMaliIHHX >KHBOT-
HblX. C TaKHM nOKpOBHTeJleM ropL\bI He 60HTCH '1epTeH 5, ECJlH 05111
BCTpe'laIOT 'lepTa, HM J10CTaTO'lHO 06Ha>KHTb KHH>KaJl 51 pa3py611Tb
ern nOnOJI3M e.i!.HHblM MaXOM_ ECJIH GepT npOCHT BTOporO yJtapa,
("01')(')1.YCT OTBCTHTh eMY: «Bo HMSl CBflToro I1JIbH, He nOJt06aeT Y.l{a-
pHTh "{lepTi BTOpHlJHO'» B C3MOM JteJIe, TYT, KaK H BO MHorHX Kpa-
fiX (BeTa, C}"UtN'TByeT flOBepbe t GTO Ka>K.l{bIH HOBhlH YJtap nopOJK-
/I;,:er HOBbfX lJCplCi'I, KOTOphIC Ha6paCbIBalOTCH Ha GeJIOBeKa H CBO-
yr: i'1'0 C YM:a.
;; \.rHJ..iI.lf,:]hI HIIor 1I.a eCTb 1I.ocToflHwe npOTliBHHKH, Jta>Ke conep-
.' T<JKOii me {,C('Li.'IHf'I:> r!rJ,Al3epraIOTcR H npC,AMeTU. B KOTophie J10nana MOJJHHH:
C'Tn.'lGw. UCfiM...
. [::I[I-!('U, HilT. CT., (.. 26--27.
of. r3TJIC", tlHl_ n_, c_ 30. 0 np€,lI.CTaBHTe.liHX pO,A3 AxcapTarKara Tome rOBO-
pHTCH, '-lTO 01-111 lIatlOCHT yap JlHWb o,!um pa3.
52
IIHKH 6. r8THeB nHweT. lITO. no nOBepblO. H3 CK.r:IOHe oe.r:IOH ropbl. B
AOJlHHe AJlampa, HaJ1 aYJlOM XOA HK06bI BOJ\HTCH '1YilOBHl1!e, HMe-
HyeMoe Gudyrty kom [«naCTb 3aMKOB» (?)t BepXH"" '1eJlIOCTb KO-
roporo KacaerCH He6a, a Hli}KHHH - 3eMJ1H; Y>KaCaIOllte pblGa. OHO
cnoc06HO npHTflfHB8Tb K ce6e H JlOBHTb naCTblO Bee lITO yrOJtHO.
TeM He MeHee )KHTe.r:IH Xona CGHTalOT ero COI03HHKOM. H TOJIbKO
B TOM CJIYGae. eCJIH B HaG8JIe JIeTa H BO BpeMH ypO>K8f1 OHH He
npHHOC"T eMY Tpe6yeMoH l!aHH, OHO nOpa>KaeT 3epnOBble KOMbHMH
JIbJta BeJIHGHHOH C HHLlO. nOTOMY qTO OHO CneUHaJ1H3HpyeTcH ewe H
no '1aCTH rpaila. TaK BOT, EJlHa cJla6ee ero. KorAa EJlHa nporoHH-
eT 3J1b1X J1YXOB YAapaMH rpoMa H MOJlHHH, rYAblpTbI KOM - eCJIH
OHO B AypHOM HacTpoeHHH - CBOAHT Ha HeT YCHJlHH EJlHa, BAblxaH
ero MeTaTeJIbHble CHapH,lI.bl H npOrJIaTblB8H Hx. ...
ECTecTBeHHoe CJleACTBHe BJlaAbI'IeCTBa YaL\HJlJlbI HaA rp030H-
TO, '1TO OH, n0J106Ho cKaHJ1HHaBY Topy, nOKpOBHT€JlbCTBYeT ypo:
>KalO 3epHoBblx. HMeHHo B era '1eCTb npa3JJ,HyeTcH nepe)( naXOTOH
Xory bon - -«JJ.eHb xJle6a», a nocJle >KaTBbI >KHTeJlII aYJla Ha 06-
l1!He cpeAcTBa >KepTBYIOT eMY 6b1Ka, 3apaHee HaMe'leHHOrO raAaJlb-
illHKOM B >KepTBY, KOTOpOH >Ka>KJIeT YaL\JlJla.
Bo BpeMH nepBoH L\epeMOHH51 cTapeHU/HHa npoH3HoCHT TaKYIO
MOJIHTBY 1:
Yau.HJIJI8. CerO,lI.HH ,lI.eHb TBOH... H Mbl ycepJtHO MO.r:IHM Te-
6H: nOMorH HaM - CneJIaH TaK, llT06bl >KHTHHUbl HalliH 6b1J1H
Ha6HTbl nllleHHuelO, npOCOM H OBCOM,lI.O Bepxa C OCTaTKOM.
KaKoH yp0)KaH 6b1J1 Ha Kypne (MeCTO, CJlaHl1!eeCH CBJHMH
3epHOBbIMH), Koma YaL\HJlJla noce"JI Ha 310H HHBe JleBOH PY-
KOH, a MapHH, HJ1H BOCJleA ero, J1ep>KaJla J1J1H Hero KOP3HY
c ceMeHaMH. T3KOH nO,lI.aH t f)OJKe, H HaM B HaCTOHl1lee JIeTO_
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KJ1Hu.aeT: «BhI Gero npOCHTe?» - «XJIe6a, xJle6a. toJ1e6a.»-
OTBeGalOl CJlYlllaTeJ1H. «J1.a HaCblTHT Hac Yau.HJIJI8.»
Bo BTOpOH uepeMOHHH' 6b1Ka pe>KYT Ha TOM Mece, rAe B
'1eCTb YaL\HJlJlbI B 3eMJlIO BOTKIIYTbI J1Ba illeCTa. Ka)KJ1b1H pOil npeA-
CTaBJIeH cTapHKoM H MaJlb1JHKOM. Msrco nOCbIJ1aeTCH B JtepeBHIO H
pa3AaeTCH BceM pOJ1a M. CoxpaHHIOT TOJlbKO roJlOBY, Horn, JlerK51e II
1I0Tpoxa KOTopbIe C'beJ1aIOT, npOH3HeCH nepeA TeM: «nYCTb MHCO
e.QflT JtoalllHHe. H60 EJIH3 B HeM He HY>K.a,aeTCH, JtOBOJ1bCTBYHC
TOJIbKO 3anaXOM OT W8UIJ1b1Ka!:» H B C8MOM JteJle t BepHT, 'IT
YaL\HJlJla npHAeT H 6YJ1eT BAblxaTb A06pblH 3anax >KapeHOro MH-
ca, H CTapHK. ,lI.ep>K8 BepTeJI C WalllJIblKOM t npenOAHOCT ero co
CJlOBaMH: «JJ.a 6YAeT Hailla >KepTBa Te6e yrOJ1Ha, EJlHa.:>
HaKOHeu.. B CJIYlIae npo.a.OJIJKHTeJIbHOlf 33CYXH KpeCTbHHe CHOBa
06paillalOTCH K EJlHa 9:
6 raTHe8, UHT. CT.. c. 51.
1 rnHeB. LlHT. CT_. c. 30-32.
II raTHeB LlHT. CT., c. 52-53.
9 raTHeB: UHT_ CT., c. 32.
53

JJ:epeBHH nOKynBeT B CKJlBJ\qliHY 6BpaHB HJlH XOp0Il10 OTKOpM-
...'1eHHOro K03J1a H 3aK8J1h1Bae-r B TOM MeCTe, rJte B6HTbI )tB3 rneCTB.
Bo BpeMH >KepTBOnpHHOIl1eHHH K OCHOBBHHHM CTOJl60B JlblOT BOJ\Y.
HHtJTO 83 Bcero 3Toro, Ka3aJIOCb, He npoJtOJIJKaeT )tOXpHCTH3H-
CKOH penHrHH. nOJ\06Hble BepOBaHHH H 06pJlJ\bI BCTpeqBIOTCJI Y HB-
POJ\OB, KOTopble, 6YJ\yqH 6<JJlee HJlH MeHee 3BTPOHYTbI xpHCTHaHCT-
BOM BO BpeMeHB BocroqHOH HMnepHH, 3BTeM yrpaTHJlH npHHBJ\-
J1e>KHOCTb K nopoJU1Bweii HX UepKBH -)to Toro, KaK n03BQJIHRH He-
CKOJlbKO CTOJleTHH cnYCTH 06pBTHTb ce6H B HCJlaM. B qaCTHOCT-
qepKeCbI, KOTopble H CeHqaC el1!e HB3b1BBIOT nHTHHUY pBraskeve, B
cy660TY sBbbaton 10 H Koropble B cepeJ\HHe BBrYCTa H B lII.eKa6p
H CeHqBC el1!e OTMeqBIOT npaSJ\HHK MSP3M, HBJlHH npeKpaCHblH
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aHCTBa.
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Y a llHJt..10H. cnYCTHBlllHCb B paHr era KOMn3HbOHa H 3aMe:THT€JUI.
Bo BCHKOM cJlyqBe. CYJ\H no ero TeOJlOrHH, 60JIee CKJlBJ\HOIi H no-
CJI€JI.OB8TeJIbHOH , qeM TeOJIOfHH .aUHJlJIbl. 3TOT Jtyx HHTepecyeTcH
He TORbKO noeJlHHK3 MH H OXOTOH B B03JtYWHOM npOCTpaHCTBe. HO Ii.
onBCHOCTHMH, rpOSHl1!HMH JlIOJ\HM. Ero CBHTHJlHl1!e pBCnOJlO>KeHO B
AJlBrnpCKoM Yl1!eJlbe B MeCTHOCTH YHBJI, HO OHO TBK >Ke WHpOKO
H3BeCTHO HpOHUBM H J\HropUBM, KBK H KpynHble CBHTli.1Hl1!B PeKOM
H MblKaJlra6b1pTB.
Ero HMH Ha HpOHCKOM J\HaJleKTe - Tyxost; 6YKBaJlbHO 3TO-
npHJlaraTeJlbHOe, J\HropCKaH 1j>0pMa KOToporo - Tuxwast, H nep-
BbIi\ 3J1eMeHT tyx (J\Hr. tux) <CHJla» - B npHMOM H nepeHOCHOM
CMblCJ1e II.
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waz- - «CJIOBO», B qaCTHOCTH CBHl1leHHoe. HJIM npaB.llHBOe, HJIM
J\eHCTBeHHoe. B CJlOBape MnJlJlepa - <l>pei!MaHa tyxost nepeBO-
,UJHCH K8K «CHJlbHblH», «.9H€prHGHblH» Ha OCHOBaHHH 6YKBaJIbHoro.
60Jlee 3MOUHOHaJIbHO OKpaweHHoro CMblCJ1a: «C CHJlbHblM, 3bIqHhlM
roJlOCOM». B cJlyqae C J\YXOM TblXOCTOM H He BH>KY npHqHH Ha-
CTOJIbf{O CMHfll3Tb 3THMOJIOrHGeCKOe 3HaGeHHe CJ10Ba: KOMnaHbOH
YBUHJlJlbI BnOJlHe saCJlY>KHBae-r 3TO onHCBTeJlbHOe HMH 12. BOT ero
rrpHMeTbI:
I. OH J\y6J1HpyeT YaUHJlJlY no qBCTH BJlaJ\bIqeCTBa HBJ\ J\O>K-
J\eM. ECJlH >KepTBa, npHHeceHHaH YaUHJlJle BO BpeMH saCYXH, He
.a,OCTHrJIa l.leJ1H, oceTHHbl JlYMaIOT, GTO He CYMeJlH eMY yrOJI.HTb, H
Hl1!YT 3aCTynHHqeCTBa TblxOCTa 13. EMY >KepTBYIOT 6apBuIKa C
no:{xo.LUIl1lei'I K CJ1YllalO MOJIHTBOH:
10 Cpe.na - «MallaH»- paraskeve.
II 3To t<opeHL, npoHcmc.n.rnl1H OT aecCT.- tav «H("Tb clmy». BeJJ..- tavas
«CHJlbIlI:lHX' H T. A.
I:.! Y 6aTpa33. KpoMe TOro. rOJlOC r-oMepoBcKoro CT(,HTopa (Kr, c. 103) (.).
1"3 raTliCn, 'l..HT CT., C. 32.
54
«0 TbIXOCT, TbI HaIll COCe,lJ. H 3HaeWb HalllY 6e,lJ.HOCTb, na
6Y1I.eT H8 Hac TBOH MHJIOCTb - Tbl TOBapHli( YaIJ:HJIJIbl, YMOJIH
ero, l:lT06 OH, BHHB HaWHM 6eJJ.HbIM MOJIHTBaM, nOCJl8JI JI.O>K!tb
lIa 38COXlllHe HHBbl Ii nOJIH».
nOcJle TpaneSbI OHH JlblOT BOJ\Y B CropOHY ero <MeCTO>KHTeJlb-
CTBa». ECJIH 33cyxa npo,lJ.OJI>KaeTCH, B JleJIO BKJIIOG31OTCH >KeHli(H-
HbI. OHH c06HpalOTcH Ha 60.1bIl10H rrJlOl1!aJ\H CeJlB C peweTaMH H
MHCKaMH, 3aTeM 6eroM YCTpeMJlHIOTcH K Jlecy HJlH rope. npH6b1B
lIa MeCTa BCTpeqH, OHH pa36eralOTcH B pasHble CropOHbI. KaTH rrepeJ\
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HTb HX BepHYTbcH.
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lIaM TO, qro MbI Y Hero npOCHM» 14. Ha 06paTHOM n)ITH onH C06H-
p210TCfI Y K3MHfI, nOCBflllleHHoro TblXOCTY, H, MOJIH JI.yxa 0 JI.o>KJte,
'''CPTBYIOT eMY 6apalllKa. MY>KqHHbI co6HpalOTCI! B Kpyr OTJ\eJlbHO
II TO>Ke npHHOCHT B >KepTBY 6apaIl1Ka.
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cTByeTcH npeC.,1e1I.OBaHHeM 3JIblX nYXOB,- 3aII.J,HII.J,aeT qeJIOBeKa OT
3€MHbIX sp3rOB, .r:IIO,lJ.eH. B 3TOM KaGeCTEe K HeMY B3blBalOT B «06-
(>H MOJIHTBe», COnpOBU>K.a,afOl1leii Bee l:l3CTHhI€ MOJIHTBbl IS .
a TbIXOCT MbI nOJ\qHHHeMCH Te6e! Pas6ei!, YHHqTO>Kb TO-
ro, KTO xOlle; npoHHKHYTb K HaM CHJIOH, HapYUIHB HalIlH
rpaHHUb/!
B TaKOM Kaq€CTBe OH H p3CCMaTpHBaJICH paHbIIle - JI.O Toro,
KaK rJlyrreHII1HM 06paSOM 6b/JI rrpeBpal1!eH B J\yxa, HeCYl1!ero CTOJIb
Ba>KHYIO B K3BK33CKHX C€JIeHHflX <PYHKLlHIO, B3>KHYro nOCTOHHHO
J\JlH Bcex, KTO >KHBeT y nOJ\HO>KHH HX 6aIl1eH - fredis (J\Hr.
fredes), TpeBOrH, cBoero pOJ\a tumultus. no TpeBore HC TOJIbKO
JlIOJ\H 6pOCaJlHCb B TO MeCTO, rJ\e 6bIJI saMeqeH Hi\YIllHi! Ha npH-
cTyn npOTHBHHK, Ha n01I.Mory HM TYT >Ke HBJIfI.nCH TbIXOCT, KaK
CKaHJ\HIIaBCKHH Topp, KorJ\a CJlbIIl1aJl CBoe HMR. :'ha Ij>YIIKUHH TbI-
XOCTa H3BeCTHa BO Bcex 3ana1I.HbIX paiiOH3X JIHllIb H3 paecK33a
6 16
HapQIlHOrO THn3, 0 'bRCHHIOIlleru ec ynp33J],HeHHe .
KpecTbHHe paccKa3bIBalOT, 'ITO HeKorJ\a T(bI)XOCT nOHB-
JIHJICH B BHne BCa,lJ.HHK3 no npH3b1BY «hrdis!», 110 nCpCCTaJl
nOK33bIBaTbCfI C Tex nop. KaK 01I.Ha>KLlbI M3.r:Ib l Jl1WKH BbI3BaJIH
ero ,lJ..r:IH 336aBbi. BUT 3Ta HCTOpHfI.
1<4 J1HTepl'CH3f1 napaJl.']e"h ( BaKxaIlt\aMH. C O;i,Hoii CTOPOllbl. C pl1TVaJJbHblM
<:IKTOM ApBBJIClt - C JJ:pyrofj
15 raTHeB, llHT. CT, c. 58
16,Il,.iK. lllaHaeB, CCKf, III, 2, 1970. c. 17-.18; Bc. MHl!lep. 03. l!. 1881.
c 257-258. 06 «06W.CH r.WlnTBC» CM. HIUKe, C 112
55

B Ka3i2I.OMe, HeJI.aJIeKO OT YH8JIa, 1I.Ba MaJlb1.[IIKa nac..1H
OBel(. OJ\HH CnpOCHJI I!pyroro:
- npaBJ\a, qTO TXOCT nO"BJI"eTC" Ha KPHK «q,aJ\HC!»?
- KOHeQHO, npBBna! Pa3Be TbI !iToro He 3HaJI? - OTBeTIiJI
J\pyroit
51 XOqy ero BHJ\eTb!
HeJIb3, npOCTO TaK OH He nOHBJIeTCH!
- nOGeMY HeJIb3H? rOBOpHT Benb, liTO OH nOHBJIHeTCH.
KorJ\a KpHqaT «q,aJ\Hc!»? BOT ""PHKHY: «<I>aJ\Hc!». ECJIH
npaBna. qTO rOBopHT. OH npHCKaq€T.
MaJIbqHK TPH>KJ\bI KPHKHYJI «q,aJ\HC!» BO BCCb rOJIOc. no-
qTH TOTqaC >Ke npHCKaKaJI BCaJ\HHK. OH 6bIJI OJ\eT B 6eJIYlO
qepKeCKY, Ha cepOM KOHe. II nOJIOBHHa JIHua ero 6blJIa no-
6pHTa.
- r J\e "TO, MaJIbqHK, 30BYT Ha nOMOl1!b? - CnpOCHJI OH y
pe6eHKa, KOTOpw1 KpHqaJI «q,aJ\HC!».
MaJIbqHK YJIbl6HYJIC" H CKa3aJI:
- rJ\e? Jla 3J\eCb: "XOTen BUJ\eTb Te6" H 3aKpHqaJI
«q,aJ\Hc!».
- 3HaqHT, Tbi CMeelllbC" HaJ\O MHO;;. C 3THX nop " 60JIb.
we He 6YJ\y nO"BJI"TbC". Tbi >Ke CTaHb KaMCHHbIM BMeCTe CO
CBOHM CT3JI.OM.
C TeX nop ero 60JIbllI€ He BHJI.eJIH, 011 Y>Ke He OTKJIHK3eTCH
Ha 30B. MaJIbqHK H ero OBl(bI npeBpaTHJIHCb B KaMHH H ceH-
'lac ellle CTO"T B I<a3J\OMe. )l(HJIHllIe TxoCTa T3K>Ke 6b1JIO 06-
paw.eHo B KaMeHb. B 3TOM MeCTe B CKaJIe BH)J.HhI OQepT3HHH
qerO-TO nOXO>Kero Ha )tOM. MO>KHO nerKO pa3JIH1JHTb lJ,BepHble
KOCflKH.
B .OJ\HOM cJIyqae; oJ\HaKo, TbiXOCT npoJ\OJI>KaeT npO"BJI"1.b
6J\HTenbHoCTb. Bo BpeM" CBaJ\b6b1 CTapeHlllHH H3 npHcYTcTBYIO-
W,HX H33bIBaeT ero BCJ1e.o. 3a JIYXOM uenH ,ltOMalllHero OGara II
nepeJ\ J\yxaMH pa3nHqHblX ",acTeH J\OMa - nOKpOBHTeJICM IOHOH
napbl '1 :
«TblxOCT, 6JIarOCJIOBH COlO3 3aJIH H Taco H cn.eJI3H TaK
GTo6b1 ,lI.HH HX npOT€KaJIH BO B3aHMHOH .:11068H If HCKpeHHer.i
COfJlBCHH. C,lI.eJ1aH TaK. Qro6bl JIIO,lI.H, KOTopbIe 3axonn Hapy
WHTb HX JII060Bb H COfJIaCHe, npOnaJlH 6w 6eCCJIe,ltHo nOKa.
paH HX 3JIbl€ nOMbICJlbl H nocTynKH. Tex, KTO cMO'rpHT 'H3 nHX
C 33BHCTblO, TbIXOCT. JIHWH npaBoro rJIa3a, OTOpBH Y HHX
npaBYIO Hory! TeM r KTO .>KeJIaeT MOJIo,a,O>K€naM CllaCTbH H 6Jla-
r01I.eHCTBHH, TblxocT, SlBH CBOIO MHJ10CTb. 6YJI.b HX nOKpoBHTe-
JfeM. nOMurH HM BO Beex IIX HaGHHaHHHx!»
11 raTHes. IllfT_ CT., C. 19, nepeCKa3 Be. MHJ'1JIepa, U.HT. CT., c_ 293. «Jamt»
M «Taco» - cp_ uGaius» H «Gaia».
:i6
3TOT MHcpO.r:IOrHlJeCKHii nepCOHa>K HH1JeM He 06H3aH xpHCTHaH-
CTBY. A MO>KeT 6b1Tb, H qY>KJ\ CMY. 4aCTHqHOC TO>Ki\eCTBO pOJIeH
ero H Yau,HJl..lbl 3aCTaBJISIeT nYM3Tb, IlTO. YTBepnHBwHcb B ,lI.BOHHOM
pUJ1H  rpo30Boro H BOHHCTBeHHoro, OH YCTynHJI MeCTO «eBHTOMY»
BO seeM, GTO ewe BHe OceTHH COCT3BJIHJIO cpOJIbKJIOPHYIO BOTGHHY
noc.qeJ\Hero - rp03a H J\O>KJ\b, HO cOXpaHHJI nOJIHOCTblO J\pyrylO
CBOIO 06.qaCTb. B 3TOH 06JIaCTH - 060pOHa H OOH - OH Mor 6bI
CTOJIKHYTbCH C ,lI.pyrHM «CBfITWM». KOTOpblH TaK>Ke npOUBeT3JI B
OceTHH,- CB"TbIM reoprHeM, YaCTbIpJ\>KbI, OJ\HaKO HH OJ\HO CKa3a-
HHe. HH onHH 06blLJaH He 06"benHHHeT HX.
A Mo>KeT 6blTb, 3nHTeT. KOTOpblH nOCJIY>KHJI eMY HMeHeM H
BnOJIHC npHCTaJI 6b1 BeJ\HqeCKoMY HHJ\pe, nOJ\MeHHJI C060H B cy-
TOJIOKe HCTOpHH HeH3BeCTHoe HaM HMII CKHq,CKoro Apeca?

V. ATTHRA H MEq MAPCA
Bo BpeMeHa VOikerwanderung. B 3eMJ1!O '1acro 3apbIBaJ1f
KJIa.n.bl. 11 qaCTO HX TaM HaXOJI.HJ1H. llY>Ke3eMHbIe 3aBOeBaTeJIH _..
Te t liTO 6bIBBJlH B CTpaMe KOpOTKoe BpeMH , H Te. £ITQ oce.n.aJIH
HB.n.OJIro,- BeCbMa lleHHJlH K3K Henorpe6eHHble. TaK H norpe6eHHble
COKpOBHwa: repOH'IeCKaH MOpaJ1b Tex BpeMeH Tpe60EaJ1a, '1T06b1 Y
BOJK.QfI 6bIJIO MHoro 30JIOTa, H 3anOTO BocnpHHHMBJIOCb He KBK
census iners **, a KaK Cpe.11.CTBO nO,l.(,J1.ep>KHSaTb npe.n.aHHocTb JIYG-
lllHX BOMHOB. I1Haqe 06CTOHJIO )teJlD C a3HaTOM ATTHJIOH. OM JII06HJI
30J1OTO paJ\H 30J10Ta - no KpaHlieH Mepe TaKoe Oll!Yll!eIiHe 6b1J10 Y
60.fJbllleii GaCTH ero COCeJI.eH, H, KpoMe Toro, XHTpblH BapBap nORb-
30BB.r:ICH 30JIOTOM - yJKe TOr.ll.a! - KaK .3KOHOMHlJeCKHM pblqaroM.
npH6erall K J\aHH H nocToHHIIOMY WaHTa>KY, '1To6b1 npHBOJ\HTb B
pacCTpOHCTBO Ka3liY OTHOCIiTeJ1bIiO 60raTbIx L\apcTB H npOBHIiL\HH,
KOTopble CTapaJ1HCb npeJ\oTBpaTHTb ero YJ\apbI. HeYJ\HBHTeJ1bHO
n03TOMY. '1TO BocnoMHHaHIiH, KOTopble cOXpaHHJ1a 0 HeM EBpona B
BHJ\e pa3J1H'IliblX npOH3BeJ\eHHH CJ10BeClioro lBOp'leCTBa, H306HJ1YIOT
paCCKB3aMH 0 COKpOBHl1lBX. npHIJeM He 0 COKpOBHl1laX Boo6w.e, HOt
nOCKOJ1bKy ATTHJ1a B KOHL\e KOIiL\OB nOTepneJ! Kpax, 0 COKpOBHwax
POKOEbIX, MCTHEWHX 3a y6HTblX L\apeH H pa3rpOMJ1eHHbIe HapOJ\bll.
CaMoe 3HaMeHHTOe, KOHe'lHO,-COKpOEl!we HH6eJ1YHrOE, hodd
Nillunga. CorJ!aCHO ceBepHOH TpalWL\HH, 0110 npHWJ10 OT ACOE,
nonacTb >Ke E PYKH ATJ1H COKPOBHWY nOMewaJ!o '1YJ\eCHoe no-
CTOHHCTBO KOpOJ1H ByprOH)l.OB I! ero HaMeCTHHKa: 1I0CK0J1bKY Xor-
HH H rYHHap OJtHH TOJfbKO 3H8JIH 0 KJIaJI.e" nOCJle HX K33HH 06JIa-
J\aTeJ1eM COKpOBHlL\a HaBcerJ\a CTaJ! 6b1CTpblH PeHH:
Rin skal ra<fa
a svinn, askunna
rogmalmi skatna
arfi Niflunga.
H 3TO He Bce. CeCTpa OJ\HOro H3 Ka3HeHHblX, Jl(eHa ATJ1H, 6b1BWaH
>Kella ClIrYPJ\a MCTHT 3a CBoero 6paTa: nbHHOMY, 06e30PYJI(eHHOMY
. £IepeCeJIeHHfl HapO,AOB (HeM.).-flpu.Mell nep_
on: 6e3.QenCToYlOwee 6of"aTCTBo (JlaT.).-I1PUMeIl. nep.
13TH c006pa}KeHJfS! 6b1'JlH ony6JIHKOB.aHbI B Festg.abe fUr Otto Hofler zum 75.
Geburstag, 1976, c. 121-127.
58
rn-IlIY BMeCT€ C BepIlbIMH ero cnonpYIIHbIMH cY>KlI,eI-Ia :m3.'lK3H. rH:
6e"b BO BpeMH nO>Kapa BO ilBoPQe. eldi gaf hon pa alia er Inn!
\3fU.
COKPOBHIllY Bce >Ke nOB€3JIO, nOToMY 'lTO, npe>Kj],€ lJ€M BbI3B3Tb
TaKoe BO>K1I.e.TJ€HH€, OHO npHHalI.JIe>K3JIO caMoMY npHBJIeKaTe....lbHo
MV B repMaHcKoM Mllpe 3nll'leCKoMY repo!O; 6""arOJ\apH "TOMY repmo
IICTOpHH CDKpOBHIll3 H oKpy>KaBllleH ero TauHbl ,lI.ow.TJa ,lI.0 Hac B
npeKpaCHbIX nQ3Max. OT 310H C'IaCTJ1HBOH CYJ\b6b1 BbllirpaJ! 
ATTHJ1a. OH TaK>Ke nOJ1Y'IIIJ1 MeCTO B 3noce II 6J1arOJ\apH J\pyraH
YJ\a'le, a CKopee BCJ1eJ\cTBlIe pacnpeii Me>KJ\Y repMaHcKHMH Hapo.1a-
MH 011 B 01I.IIOM H3 BapH311ToB IO>KHOM", 6bIJI YB€KOBe'leH B 6laro-
PO;HOM H MYJ\pOM 06pa3e 3TenH, 06pa3e, KOTOpblil 6bI YJ\HBHJ1
MHorHX COBP€M€HHHKOB ATTHJIbI.
lITO Me KacaeTCfI npyrHx napO;:l,OB, KOTOph1C CTa1]H >KepTBaMH
ATHJIJIbI, TO ,lI.JIfI BC€X Tex, KTO npe6WB3.TJ Torna B 3aBHCHMoeTH OT
nepBoro H BToporo PHMa. BpeMeH3 nHqeCK(Jro TBOplI€CTBa MHIIU-
BaJIH. MeCTO ero 3aHflJIH noneCTBOBaHHfI HCTOpHKOB - 60JIee H..1H
MeHee TeH1I.€Hu.H03Hbl€, 60JIee W1H Mellee pHTOpHlJ€CKHe, Bpoe CO-
'11111eHHH npllCKa, 06PbIBKH KOTOpbIX YKpawalOT '1eTBepTblH TOM
Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, npHcKa, C03J\aBwero B BOCb.
MH KHHrax 'to:xa'ta 'J'-':'i:1j)..av. Bo BCHKOM CJIYllae, .3TOT.. BH3aHTII-
eu., OnHCh1Bafl cMepTHbIH Gac ATTHJIbI, BHOCHT CJfe.n.YJOIllHH BOJIwe6-
IIbIH, eCJ1H He MIICTH'IeCKHH WTpllX (HopAaH, 49, 255).
De quo [-cMepTH ATTH.%I-] id accssit mirab!l,:, lt
Marciano principi Orientis de tam feracI hoste solhclto In
somnis diuinitas adsistens, arcum Attilae in eadem nocte
Iractum ostenderet, quasi quod gens ipsa eo telo mulla
I'raesumat.
(B 'lac CMCpTH ATTH.%I CJ1Y'IHJ!OCb cpeJ\H npO'lHX 'lYJ\ec,
'1TO MapL\HaHY, HMnepaTopy BocToKa, KOTOPOMY 3TOT CBHpe-
nbIfl Bpar nOCTOHHHO JI.Oe3>K,lI.aJl. B TY caMYIO HOlJb ...npHBH1I.eJICfI
COH H BO CHe 60>KeCTBO nOKa3aJIO eMY cJIOMaHHbUl J1YK ATTH-
JIbl. 03H3QaBlllHH, lJTO HapOlt rYHHoB OGeHb nOCTpa1I.aeT OT
31oro YJ\apa.)
Ho KYJ\a J\eJ!HCb J\pyrHe nJ1eMeHa H3 cH6HpCKOH BOJ1HbI? 01I1!
..'m60 lie CJlO>KHJ1HCb B ocell.1ble HaponbI, JIH60 npOC"fO He Bbl>KHJIH.
a nOTOMY H He OCTaBHJIH YCTHoro HaCJIeJI.HH; HCKJIlOlleHHe cOCTaB-
']SIIOT CKH<pbI - B Y3KOM CMbICJIe CJIDBa, nO,lI.qepKHBaeM. YlJ:HTblBaH.
'4TO CBH1I.eT€JIH BpeMeHH HMeJIH JI.OCanHYIO CKJIOHHOCTb Ha3bIBaTb
CKH«j>aMH Bcex, KTO J\BHraJ1CH K ceBepO-3anaJ\Y OT 4epHoro MOpH
IIJIH K ceBepO-BOCTOKY OT KacnHHCKoro.
CKH«j>bI H pa3J1H'IHble pOJ\CTBeHHble HM nJ!eMeHa, "3 KOTOpblX
JIHWb HeMHorHe no;'1, pa3HblMH HaHMeHOBaHHHMH 06peJIH HCTOpH'-Ie-
CKYIO H3BeCTHocTb, BO BpeMeHa ATTHJIbl em€ 33HHM3JIH 06WHpHbIe
npocTpaHCTBa Ha 3TOM 3THoJI.poMe - HX-TO O,lI.IIHMH H3 nepBbIx H
BCTpeTHJIH rYHHbl B eBoeM )tBH>KeHHH Ha 3ana.iI._ 110P1I.3H, cCbJ.lIaHCb
lJa npHCKa, nepeGHCJIfleT nJfeMeHa. KOTopble 6blJJH npe>K.i!,e Bcero
59

YB.,eqenbl 3THM cBoe06pa3nblN BHXpeM H CYAb6y KOropbIX BCKOpe
pa3)!C.'H.1H a.,a!lbI (HopAan, 24, 126-127):
A.,an, KOTopbIe 6bIJIH paBnb] HM B 6010, no OTJIHqaJIHCb OT
HHX 60J1bUJeH MHfKOCTblO HpaBDH H qepTJ OHM nO)1.1JHHHJIH ce-
6e, 3aMyqHB HX 6ecnpepbIBnbIMH nanaAenHIIMH. 1160 eCJIH
cJIYQaJIOCb, qTO onH He npeBOCXO)!HJlH npOTHBHHKa opYJKHeM,
TO ero 06paWaJIH B 6erCTBO HX CTpaWHble J1Hua.
H npHCK npHBOAHT, CJIHlllKOM KpaTKO, CJ1e)!ylOwylO Cl\eny, noc-
.'e KOTOpOH, no ero CJIOBaM, npHpOJl.HOe BblCOKOMepHe KOpOJI!! ryn-
nOB ,'].OCTHrJIO KpaHneH CTenenH (HopJl.an, 35, 183-fGN IV, c. 96):
Qui (-Attila) quamuis huius esset naturae, ut semper
magna confideret, addebat ei tamen confidentiam gladius
Martis inuentus, sacer apud Scytharum reges semper habi-
tus. Quem Priscus historicus tali refert occasione detectum,
cum pastor, inquiens, quidam gregis unam buculam conspi.
ceret, claudicantem, nec causam tanti uulneris inueniret,
soliicitus uestigia cruoris insequitur, tandemque uenit ad
g!adium, quem depascens herb as bucula incaute calcauerat,
effossumque protinus ad Attilam defer!. Quo ilIe munere
gratulatus, ut erat magnanimus, arbitratur se totius mundi
principem constitutum, et per Martis gladium potestatem
sibi concessam esse bellorum.
(XOTII on [-ATTn.,a], eCTCCTBennO, Jl.OJIJKen 6b]JI CqHTaTb.
"TO ero OJKH)!aeT BeJIHKall cy Jl.b6a, YBepenHOCTb era YKpenn-
JIaCb, KOri\a 6blJ1 naH)!eH Meq Mapca, KOTOpblH cKHCj>cKHe uapn
acerAa xpanH.'H npH ce6e. BOT npn KaKHX 06CTOIITeJ1bCTBaX
on 6bl.' 06napYJKeH, no CJ10BaM HCTopHKa npHCKa. O)!Hn
naCTYx 06"bJlBHJI, qTO, YBH)!eB, KaK xpoMaCT Te,1Ka H3 ero
CTa)!a, H He naXOAII npHqHny CTOJ1b 60J1bWOH paUb!, OH 6b!J1
BCTpeBOJKeH. nOllJeJI no KpOB3BbIM CJIe.n.aM H .nomen )1.0 Horo
Meqa, ua KOTOpbIii, npoxoAII, HacTynHJIa Te.'Ka. Ou TYT lKe
OTKOnaJ1 ero H OTHec B nOAapOK ATTHJ1e. TOT npHHH.' Meq C
pa)!OCTblO, H TaK KaK 6bI., OqeHb qeCT0J1106HB, TO peIllH." "TO
H36paH MaCTeJ1HHOM MHpa H, nOCKOJIbKY Meq 6bW MapcoB.
qTO eMY CYJKlleHO npeBocxoACTBO B BOHHax.)
B CB!i3H C 3THM npoHclllecTBHeM Hero 0lllH60qHbIM TOJIKOBa-
IIlieM, H3-33 KOTOporo Ha KaT8.nOHCKHe CTenH n03.lJ,Hee 06PYUlHTCH
6Hq roenOllen, BCTBIOT ABe HepB3)!eJ1nMbIe np06J1eMb!, AD cera Bpe-
MeHH. HaCI<o.."IbI<O MHe H3BeCTHO. npHBJIeI<8BWHe MaT]O BHHMaHHJt:
eHCTBHTebHoe JIH 9TO co6THe HJIM, nO,l1.06HO nOCJIe,l1.HeMY CHY
MapUHaHa, Bcero JIHlllb q,HKUHII. BbIJIYMaHHall 11.'11 06"bIlCneHHII
Y>Ke CBepll1HBllJerOCH? OT rYHHOB JIM "JIM OT Oll.HOro H3 Tex «C8O-
60JJ.Hb1X CI<HclJOB», I<OTOpbIC COllJIH BblrO,l1.HbIM BpeMeHHO nepeHTH H3
CTOPOHY BH3a"THH, Y3Ha., npHCK TO, 'ITO paCCKa3blBae-r? BOT He-
00
CKO.:1bKO ,l1.0BOJJ.OB B nOJlh3Y Toro, 11T0 pC1Jh H:1CT 0 BbL'1.YMKC H LITO
OHa CKHq,CKoro npOHCXOJKAeHH!i.
XOpOllJO H3BeCTHble TeKCTbI JJ.alOT OCHOBaHHe J10,naraTb, qTO 31{eCb
C",lHfJHCb ,l1.Be TpaJJ.HUHH.
C O,l1.HOH CTOpOHbI, MbI 31'0 YBH1{HM HH>K€ 2, Ll,apH caMoro 601]b-
worD H3 CKHlpCKHX uapCTB 6bITJ:H H3 nOKO':1eHHH B noKOJIeHHe (sem-
per) xpaHHTe.:'1HMH CBHll1.eHHOrO COKpOBHll1.a - HeCKOJIbKHX 30JIO-
TblX TaJIHCMaHOB. ynaBlllHx C He6a Ha 3ape HCTOpHH HapO.lI,a H B
COlleTaHHH CBoeM CHMBO.:'1H3HpOBaBIllHX rpH COlwa.J}bHble <PYHKUHH
(peJIHrH03HYIO, BoeHHYlO, CeJIbCKOX03I1iICT8eHHYIO); cpellH T":IHCMa-
HOB 6bI.:'TH, KOHellHO, O.aHO HJIH !1,Ba opymHH. H HM Ka1KlI.bIH uapCT-
BYIOWHii BJ1aCTeJ1HH eJKerollHO npHHOCH.' 60.%lllHe >KepTBbI (fepo-
.10T, IV, 5-7). Ho 3TO He 6blJIH 'IeqH: no fepOIlOTY. TO 6bwa ce-
KHpa, no 1\BHHTY KYPUHIO-CTpe.,a H Konbe (VII, 8, 18-19).
K TOM}" me He rOBopHTCR (XOTR 3T() H He HCK.mO'-leIIO, Y4HTbIBaR
J\paTKOCTb TeKCTOB). qTO Ka:>KJJ.bIH H3 TallHCMaHOB npeJJ.CTaB.rIH.:'1
<j>YHKUHOH a.%HOC 60>KeCTBO.
C )!pyroH CTOpOHbl. 06pII;\, onHcanHbliI fepolloToM (IV, 62).
OTHOCHTCH TOllbKo K Apecy Ii B ca MOM JJ.eJIe CBHJJ.eTe.:'1bCTByeT 0 11('-
cOMHeHHOM CYll1.eCTBOBaHHH HeKoeH pa3HOBHJJ.HOCTH Meqa, HMeHye-
MOH axtvax'Yj H npe,l1.CTaBlIRIDlll.eH 60ra. Ho HeT Y>Ke pe1.J:H HH
06 06JIa,l1.aHHH Me1.J:OM. HH 0 KaKoM-.:'1H60 pHTya.:'1e uapeif, HH 0 TOM,
4TO 31'0 Ta.,1HCMaH, BOCXOJJ.HlI1HH K llereHJJ.apnoMy npOIll.:l0IY.
«CTapHHHbIH >Kell€3HbIH Me l 1», KYMHP Apeca. YCTaHoB.:'1eH B Ka}l-
JJ.OM oKpyre Ha orpoMHoH n.:'10lll.aJJ.Kc, YCTpoeHHoH H3 Bf/3aHOK XBO
pOCTa, nepHO,l1.HlleCKH 06HOBlISI€MbIX H3-3a HenorO.HbI. H 3TOMY EY-
M HPy Apeca e>Kero)!HO nepell nJIOll1alIKoH npHHOCIITCII B JKepTSY lIe
TO.:'1bKO CKOT H JIOrnaJUi. HO f1 JIIO!1,H, 01l.HII nTJ:eHHHK 01' Ka:>KlOH
COTHH, KpOBb KOTOpbIX, c06paHHaH B COCYJJ.bI, npOHOCJlTCH HaJJ. 11.111)-
llI.a,l1.KOH H BbIJIHBaeTCH Ha Mell. BbIwe R yme HanOMHl-Ja.:':I, 1HO 3THM
3JIOBelll.HM H36HeHH€M, 6e3YCJIOBHO. 6blJIa B.lWXHOBllelia 33K.,'IlO\fH-
Te.:'IhHaH cueHa UHKT]a EaTpa3a H 41'0 M€ll EaTpa33, KpaCHLlii 01'
KpOBH HapTOB, CKpbIT B f.:'1y6HHe 1.JepHoro MOpR, OTK) ,1.a on IHIO-
rll.a BbIT]€Tae1', npOH3BOll.H Ha 3ana.lI.e rp030BYID MOJIHHIO 3.
TaKoB y CKHlpOB Me1.J: Apeca, TaKOB y If X HaCllen.HHKOB r.tc'[
5aTpa38: 06a Meqa, JKalIHbIe 110 KpOBH, nOll06Ho 60ry H rcpolO, KO-
TOpbIX OHH H306paJKa1OT, pOKoBbIe - OIlHH AJIII BparoB CKHq,OB.
l\pyroH lIJIII BparoB 5aTpa3a, TO eCTb BparoB caMOro DneMe!lH
HapTOB,-)!O Tex nop. nOKa HapTbI. nplIHIIB yqaCTHe 8 y6HHC18C
OTua EaTpa3a, C3MH He CTaJIH 3JIeHlllHMH BparaMH repOR. .:ho.
6e3YClIOBHO. BapHaliT Toro Me1.J:a, K01'OpbIH. no npHCKY. nona.11 B
PYKH ATTHJIbl.
BnO.:'1He B03MO>KHO. KOH€llHO, (11'0 K1'O-HH6YJJ.b H3 nop a60 lll.CHHLIX
CKHlpOB nOT]bCTHJI x03HHny, .lOCTaBHB eMY nOJJ.JIHHHbIH .:'1H, MlIlIMhlH:
.:lH, HO «Mel£ Apeca». KOTOpbIH C1.J:HTaJICR Ll,apCKHM Ta:lHCMaIIoM H,
2 CM. c. 132-133.
3 CM. c. 15.
61

C.1C,.Jon::lTe.lbHO, Cy.rW.l TC mc 6.:18r8. lno I1eKOr..i],8 1J,8B8l10 IJ.aplO
nG'Ja:.taIlIlC 0pY>KI-ICM H 1J,pynn.1H npC..:tMeT3lIl1. yn3BwHMH C He6a.
Ho 06CTORTe.:lbCTB3, TO'-lHO UnHC8HHbre OpHCKOM. MeCTO lJ,eikTBHH
npJlB0..1IH1uro npe..:t8HHH If npHlJ,aBaeMbIl1 e\IY 060POT. 1J,BOHHOe
}nOMI1f18HHe 0 '-leCTOlf06HBOM xapaKTepe nepCOH81K8, nacpoc no-
C'1e.JHI1X C,I10B - eClH '-lHTaTb HX B CBeTe BeeH CKHcpeK0I1 H OceTHH-
n.:oil Tpa.JHIJ.HH B ueJIO\I - He npHB01J,HT K TaKOMY TOll KOBaHHIO.
}--IQxo.llKa gladius Martis. CBRli1.eHHoro M€(Ia, B KOHIJ.e KOHUOB 060-
ppmBaeTcR KOBapHbIM nO..i],BOXOM, H60. npHiI.aB ATTHJIe H3.,'IHIllHfOlO
YBepeHHocTb, Ma.,'IO-noM8.ny npHBO..IHT ero BCKope K JJ.BYM KpynHbIM
nopa>K€UmrM, 3a KOTOpbI1H 6hTCTpO clle.lyeT 6ecclaBHaH rH6eJIb,
optata conctis nationibos in C01llIIlOn ct Romanis.
f10JJ.BOX 3aK.H104al1CH B CaMO\1 Me4c, 3aCTaBHBIlleM ce6R 06Ha-
PY}l{HTb; HHa'-le rOBopR, ero npoTRHY1J A TTH.1Je TOT 60r. JJ.JIH KOTOpO-
fO Me4 - He TO.:'IbKO opY*He, fin H, no C.:'J DBa M r epoJJ.on.l:, clT:x).p.a*.
Ii MeliHO Mell. n04CM}'-TO !1e.»<aBIUHi1 co BpeM€HH KpYll1eHHR CKHCP-
CKID. IJ.apCTB }1,0BO.1bHO r1y6()K0 B 3eM.:'Ie B. Ka3aol10Cb 6bI, HH'-leM
He npHMellaTeJ1bHOM MecTe, 06 b5!BHBIllHCh, B3fU1 Ha ce6R HenOCHllb-
Hoe 1J.lR ,;11OJJ.CH B03Me31J,He Ii n06YjIJw OJ.Cp}l{HIOrO MaHHeH BellH-
IHfH 33Boemne.,-lH - magnanimlls - fHaTbCS! 3a JJ.BofIHbIM npH3pa-
l{O\1: HeorpaHHlleHIfQJi U.rraCTH (113-3a ffK06hl IWpCKOfO Ha3Hall€HHH
Bl'flLC'ro npe..lMeTa) H 6cCnpepbIAflLlX nor! r (H3-3a «MapcoBoH»
np HpOJJ. bl Ta.,'IHcMaHa). HahOUCu.. Mell 06Hapy.m:H.,'I ce6R. npOJIHB
KpOBb, ucstigia cruoris, IfaHECR {(60lbIllYIO paHY». causam tanti
uu!neris, H B 3TOM OH Be'1 C('(.H TaK >Ke, KaK KpOBO}l{aiI.HbIH Mell.
Rf l /1_PYIKCHHbIii Ha nlIOll.l,a;1!<:C A 1 Jcca I-!J1H YCTaHOBll€HHbIH H8 KocTpe
r-;;npaJa. B 06lll.€M, no pa(Th,ny, ATflwa 6Ll.,'I 06MaHYT CKHCPCKHM
OO}l{CCTBOM. rYHH peam"l, Inl; \{UiKCT BocnO.'Jb30BaTbCH 6.:'IarOM,
npc..1BCllleHHLlM 06.:1aJJ.aTe11O 1\1eQ3. HO npHrO,!],HbIM .:ll1Wb JJ.JIR CKH-
IlIOB. H He nomla. lITO 1J,llH H). BparOB B MeIJ€ 3aK.:'IJQIlaJ1aCb yrp038.
3aT0 31'0 6bWO COBeplUemIJ HCIIO JII060\1y CKHCPy. I-13 6eCllHC-
..'-" .IfLT.\ paCCKa30B Ol-fH 3Ha.l,r, JiTO, eC.:1H l\pcc 06p a lltaJI BHHMaHHe
I!.-) spar;i HX lIapOiI.a. TOMY ".:IT;1 lie cy.1l1..10 IIHq€ro XopOll1ero: H ceH-
'-:3<: erne HapTOBCKiIH 3noc HB.1f1CT H3 \1 MHO.>KeCTBO npHMepOB 1'01'0.
K;:Ji. 110106HO€ BMCLUaTeollbcTBO B ro!jbITHH repOff, KOTOpbIH npHll1eJI
H3 CMellY Apccy, lIpHHHM8CT CH3lJi:I.'Ia ({eonpe.J.e"leHHbIH, a 3aTeM
-<P::tTJlblfhrrl U60pOT. BOT K HaI_naM npHX01J,HT BC.:1HK8fJ H. npHrJIa-
niB lIa n.1HcKY, Ka.:'IelIHT 01J,HOrO -a JJ.pyrHM CBOHX napTHepoB.
B nepmMi Jlf'Hb OH TOp>KCCTBYCT. flO Ha Cne!1.YlOlltHH 1J,eHb C He6a
cnycKi!CTC5:I EaTpa:. BCTynaeT B XOpOBOJJ., 3acTaB.:'IHeT ,l1.oJIro nJIR-
C3Tb 11j"*aKa H KaTJ:CllHT ero. BOT 1J.pyroH HeOCTopO>KHbIH B OTCYT-
CTBHC 01J,IIOru H3 npocllaBllcHHbIX IIapTOB noxHlll.aCT ero >KeHY-
H ue.:'Ioe HapToBcKoe BOMCKO He MO>KeT €e OCB060JJ.HTb. Ho cnycKa-
eTCR C I1c6a EaTpa3, BellHT 33.10}KHTb CC6R BMeCTO R1J,pa B nYlllKY.
HblcTpeol1HTb no Bpa>KCCKOMY ropo1J,Y - H ropo,!], pa3pyrneH.
BOT B€JIHKaHbI n03BaliH Ha nHp cTapbIX HapTOB, IITo6bI y6HTb
II:\.. Ha oaTpa3, cnYCTHBUlHCb C ne6a, BbIpaCTaeT Ha nopore H
.. C06CTReI-JIIblH 06pa3 (rpe'l). flpu,f,{("t nep.
62
VllHHHeT Ha.s.. 3lI0YMbIIll.:1eHHHKaMH pacnpaBY. BOT orpOf\-1Hoe BOHCK
arYPOB OKPY>KHlIO >Kelle3HbIe CTeHbI, KOTOpbIMH 06HeceHO CeJIeHH
Ha TOB Ho EaTpa3 - 3)!eCb OH 30BeTCH KpbIM-CymaHoM - nOJIY-
qa OT.1J,YXOB H CBHTbIX BO.:1UJe6HOrO KOHH. CnYCKaeTCR C He6a H
a3rOHHeT OC3>Kl!.aBll1HX, a Tex. KTO OCTaeTCH, 06paaeT B capaH-
p H T n r Y HHbI ATTHJIbI He HCnOpTHJIH 6bI 3TOH I<OJI.qeI<LlHH.
'IY... . . H ar p eCCHBHOCTb
OTMeTHM K TOMY me, lITO. COrJIaCHO OplI.aHY. 0 B
Mapca npoHB.THTCH npoTHB Te.TKH B CTaJ\e OJ.\HOro naCTyxa. H
a TOBCKOM 06lll.eCTBe Bpa>K,lJ,e6HOCTb EaTpa33 no OTHOll1eHHIO K
np)!CTaBHTeJIHM «TpeTbeH IjJYHI<LlHH" - nOCTOHHHaH qepTa ero 6xa-
- aKTe a HJJ.eT :rIH pellb 0 3eMJIe,l1.eJIHH HJIH CKOTOBO,l1.CTBe: OH ec-
;'pHqHH'O y6HBeT OTLla (HJIH CblHa) nOI<pOBHTe.TH 3':fHOBbIX:
B xo a-AJIH H B HaI<a3aHHe J],yx cOI<palllaeT npe>I<J\e 0 H.qHbIH
v:}I{a QO e;o HblHemHero ypOBHH; BaTpa3 npeCJIeJ.\yeT CBoeH He-
aBHcTb BypaljJapHbIra, BJIaJ\eJIbLla orpoMHbIx Ta)!. H )!O TOro,
KaK y6HTb ero caMoro, y6HBaeT Bcex ero CbIHOBeH a B O,l1.HOM H3
BapHaHTOB npeBpallJ,aeT OCTaJIbHbIX qJIeHOB ceMbH B 6bIKOB H JIO-
ll1aJJ.eH. BeCb
no 3THM C006pa1KeHHHM MHe Ka1KeTCR BepOHTHbIM, liTO
pa306paHHbIH 3nH30)! COqHHeH CI<HljJaMH B B?3MellleHHe 3a HX HC-
TOpH'lJCCKYIO 6e.u.y, qTO 3TOT xYJJ.O>KeCTBeHHbIH BbIMbIceJI - KYCOq
IJJIH 3epHO HaLlHOHaJIbHOrO 3noca, H3 I<OTOpOro npH J\pyrHX B COLl
a.TbHO-nOJIHTHqeCKHX YCJIOBHHX MOJIO 6bI BbIpacTH Ha lOK
lIeqTO nepeKJIHI<alOllleeCH C AtlakvIda CeBepa: COKpoBHllle I un
ar KOJIb3HYT]0 OT ATnH. a nonbITKa ATT]H 3a&TJ8,l1.eTb COKPOBH-
eM Y06ePHYJIaCb )!JJH rYHHa rH6eJIblO; Meq CI<HIjJCI<OrO Mapca nOJ\
BH)!OM LlapCI<Oro TaJIHCMaHa HaSH3aJI C6H ATTHJIe H 06peI< ero Ha
nOpa>KeHHe.

VI. BATPA3 H I(YXYJIHH
B 1942 r. B O).(HOH cBoeH He60JIbIlJOH KBH>KKe OCHOBblBaHCb
rJIaBHbIM o6pa30M H3 I<€llbTCKHX H repM3HcKHX J1.aHbIXt II CTpOHJJ
Teopmo «furor» - rHeBa,- HpJI. ferg, )'(p.-cKaHI!. mOdr, HeM. Wut-
paccMaTpHBaH em KaK cpe).(CTBO n06e).(bI, 3aTeM B 1969 r.' B TpeTb-
eM pa3J1.eJI€ «CqaCTbH H H€CllaCTbfl BOMHa» 2 H CpaBHlIJJ P01K)1.€HH€
BaTpa3a C 3nH30).(OM H3 ).(eTCTBa I(YXYJIHHa. H3 l!eTCTBa, nOTOMY
liTO IOHbIH 33ll1.HTHHI< YJIbCTCpa HCTOLJaeT map. KOTOpbIH H3,lI.O BO
liTO 6bJ TO HH CTaJIQ 06e3Bpell.HTb. He npIi poeHHH. a nOCJIe CBoe-
ro 60CBoro Kpelll.eHHR 3. BOT I<aK 31'0 npOll.c..'1bIB3IOT ero 6JIH3KHC:
...fepOH H em B03HHqHH OmpaBJlHIOTCH B CTO.'HI.{Y Y.,a-
).(OB. B nYTH repOH .'OBBT OJIeHeH Ha 6ery H JIe6e).(eH Ha JIeTY
H npHBR3bIBaeT HX K CBOCH I<O.."J€CHHU€. OH npH6JIH>KaCTCH K
ropo).(y, 0 qeM TpeBO>KHO B03Bell.{aeT KOJI)'(YHbH JIe60pxaM.
({E,l1.€T BOHH H3 KOlICCHHue,- rOBopWf OH3.- CTpaUlHO ero npH-
6bITHC... ECJIH 31'011 HOllblG He 060POHHTbCH. OH nepe5beT BOH-
HOB Y.%CTepa!» I(0POJIb l(oHx06ap crYll.{aeT KpaCKH: «MbI
3HacM 3Toro nYTHHKa. lITO €,lJ.€T CIO)1.a lIa KOJIeCHHue. Eno
MaT]b'-lHK, CLm MOCH ceCTpbI; OH 6bIli Ha rpaHHue C COC€JI.HHM
y.n.€JIOM, PYKH ero eII.HolUb I<paClibI OT KpOBH: OH He HaCbITHJI-
CH 6HTBOH. H, eCJIH ero He nOOCTepeIlbCR, OT PYKH ero norH6-
HYT Bce BOHHbI 3MaHu».
H BOT, CI<a38HO B 3aKJIIOIIeHHe TeI<CTa, I<aI<oe pemeHHe
npHHHMalOT l(oHx06ap H em COBer «ilYCTllTb Bnepe).( >KeB-
W,HH, nOCJIaTb HX H8BCTpeQy Mall€HbI<OMY MaJIbqHI<y, TPH>KJ1.bI
no IIRTb.lJ.€CHT .>KeHIIum HllM ceMblO ,l1.Ba.n.naTb lI.a lI.ecHTb COBceM
HarHX (6YKBaJIbHO: "KpaCHO-rOJIbIx") pacnYTHHI.{ BO rJlaBe C
HX np€.n.BO,lf.HTeJIbHHU€H CKaU,l.{)18X, ,!I,a6bI nOKa3aTb eMY HX Ha-
mTY H cpaM (B CMbICJIe pudenda) ».
IOHbIH OTpRlI. >K€Hlll.HH BbIwell, H OHH nOKaaaJIH reporo
I Horace et les Curiaces (-Les Mythes R.omains, I), c. 37-40, 58-59.
2 C. 121-122.
3 TeKCT E. Windisch, Die altirische Heldensage Tain B6 Cualnge, J905,
c. 165-175 (no Book of Leinster); He60JIbllIHe pa3J1H<lHH (m:lHBJIeHHble P. Txyp-
HeHceHoM [R. Thurneysen] B Die irische Helden- und K6nigage 1921, c 135-139,
nepecKa3aHHHe B Horace et les Curiaces, c. 39-40) c BepcHeH YeJlow Book of
Lecan <"3.0. J. Slrachan el J. G. O'KeafIe 1912, c. 28).
64
CBOIO HarOTY H CBOH cpaM. Ho OH cnp>!TaJICH, qT06bI H BH-
.n.€Tb HaroTY H cpaM >KeHlll.HH. Tor.n.a ero 3aCTaBHJIH COHTH C
I<OJIeCHHUbI. lh06bI noraCHTb era rHeB, npHH€CT]H TPH (iOqKH
XOJIO).(HOH BO).(bL OKYHY.'B B nepBYIO 60qKY - H BOl!a OT Hero
CTa.,a TaKOH mpHQeH, QTO paCKOJIOJIHCb ).(OCKH H 06PYH 60Q-
KH KaK paCKaJIbIBalOT opeXOBYIO CKOpJIyny. Bo BTOpOH 60QKe
Boa nOIlJ.,a nY3bIpHMH BeJIBQHHOH C KYJIaI<. B TpeTbeH 60QKe
>Kapa 6bIJla TaKaR, I<aKYIO HeI<OTOpbI€ JIIO,l1.H nep€HOCHT, a He-
KOTopbIe He MorYT nepeHeCTH. Tor).(a rHeB (ferg) MaJIbQHKa
YTHX. Hero O,l1.eJIH.
B T€I<CTe 3aTeM paCCI<a3bIBaeTCH 0 ero 3HaMeHHTbIX qy.n.o-
BHll.{HbIX (delba) «ljJopMax»- 3noc 1!0HeC ).(0 Hac BeCKOJIbKO
HX onHcaHHH, KOTOpbIe B l.{eJIOM COBna).(aIOT (Bce TeJIO repo>!,
C Hor .nO rOT]OBbJ.- .3TO 6arpoBoe I<OJIeCO; no C€Mb nallbU€B
Y Hero Ha Ka>K).(OH PYKe B no ceMb 3paQKOB B Ka>KJ\M rJIa3Y.
8 B Ka>K,l1.0M 3paqI<€ - no ceMb ,l1.parOneHHbIX KaMHeH; y Hero
no qeTblpe pOJJ:HHI<H Ha Ka}f(,l1.0H m.eK€ - CHHHH, I<paCH8H, 3e-
JIeHaH, qepHaH H T. JI..); 3TH «4>OpMbI» - npH3HaK H HCI<JIlOqH-
TeJIbHaR npHH8.n.lle>KHOCTb repOH; Oll.HH H3 HHX nOCTOHHO eMY
npBCYll.{H, I!PyrHe BbIHB.'HIOTCH, nO-BII).(BMOMY, BCHKHH pa3,
I<8K OH Bna.n.aeT B HccTynJIeHH€. MaJIblJHK caJJ:HTCH B HoraK
Y KOpOJIH l(oHx06apa, a TOT rJI8).(HT em no CTpH>KeHbIM BO-
JIOCaM.
3TOT cnoc06 OXJIa1K,l1.eHHH nOXO>K Ha npHeM, KOTOpbIH npHM€HR-
eT CaTaHa qT06bI COBJIa,lf.aTb c HOBOpO>K,l1.eHHbIM EaTpa30M, nOCJIe
Toro I<aI< OT BbICI<8I<HB8eT H3 rop68, BblpOCllJero Ba cnHHe ero
OTua o4 .
CaTaHa nO,l1.rOTaB.."IHBaeT Ha Ce!1,bMOM HPYC€ .n.OM8-6allJHH
60..'1bllIOH CT8JIbHOH HO>K, a BHH3Y - H3 3eMJIe - C€Mb qaHOH
BOl!bl. HaBepxy OHa BcnapbIBaeT onYXOJIb XaMbIl.{a HO>KOM.
Pe6eHOI< H3 paCI<aJIeHHOH CTaJIH, ceH nJIaMH Ha CBoeM nYTH?
CJIOBHO CMepq. lleTHT BHH3, H ceMH llaHOB BO,!I,bI H€ XB8Ta€T.
IlT06bI OCTY,l1.HTb ero. «B01J,bI, BO.n.bI! KPHqHT OH.- CT8JIb
MOH .n.OT]>KHa 38I<aJIHTbCR!» Ero TeTKa CaTaHa, CXB8THB .n.e
CRTb I<YBWHHOB, 6e>KHT 3a BO.n.OH K HCTOqHHI<Y. HO TaM 33-
).(ep>KHBaeTCH, nOTOMY QTO K pO).(HHKY ee He nOl!nYCKaeT 6ec.
Tpe6YR I.lT06bI OHa OT.n.8T].aCb eMY, 8 .3TO OTHHMaeT HeI<OTOpOe
BpeMH. . HaI<OHeu OHa B03Bpalll.a€TcR. 06llHBaeT MJIa,l1.eHU8, 
TOr).(a HapT CbIPI!OH Y>Ke MO>KeT Hape% ero: BaTpa3. C 3TOH
nopbI M.allbqHK }f{HBeT Ha He6e. OTI<y.n.a OH cnYCI<a€TCR BHxpeM
I<a>KlI.bIH pa3, I<orll.a H311. PO.n.HbIMsH ero HaBHcaCT on3cnOCTb
HllH B CeJIeHHH H33peB8eT CKaH.n.8JI . u
B JI.pyroM, OlJeHb 6JIH3I<0:\1 BapHaHTe CKa33HHH M8..'1CHbKHH
4 CM. Bblrnc, c. 16.
5 CM. Burne, c. 1617.
.5 3al'- 772
65

BaTpa3 TaK>Ke Tpe6yeT BOl!bI, HO He AJT!! TOm, '1T06bI 3aKa-
m-ITb CBOIO CTaJTb: «CI<opee, CKopee OKYHHTe MeH!! B BOAY!
51 '1YBCTBYIO B ce6e rOp!!mHH orOHb, HeyracHMbJH 1I0>Kap MeH!!
1I0>KHpaeTh> !J.06pa!! CaTaHa BAeT K HCTO'lHHKY, rl!e OHa
BbIllY>KJI.eHa OTAaTbC!! He 6ecy, a CeMHrJTaBoMy L!paKoHY, KO-
TOpbIH IIpHHHMaeT 1I00'lepeAHO Ma.Qoc06JTa3HHTe.%HbIe 06-
,1H%!!- c06aKH, 3aTeM cTapHKa. YTHxoMHpeHHbIH BaTpa3
Mo>K€T HaqBTb CBOIO >KH3Hb repoH.
B J969 r. )l(03JTb fpHcBap, KOTOpbIH He 6bIJT Toraa 3HaKOM C
MoeH KHHrol1 1942 r., TaK>Ke 06HapY>KHJT IIpHBeAeHHoe COBllaAeHHe
H CL!eJTaJl BbIBOJl: «BBHJ\Y peAKocTH MOTHBa BCTpe'13 C HHM IIpHMe-
HHTe.%HO K J\BYM repO!!M, paBHO OTAa,QeHHbIM Apyr OT Apyra H BO
BpeM€HH, H 8 npOCTpaHCTBe. 38XB8TbIB81OlU,€ HHTepeCHa: HeT CO-
MH€HHH. IlTO nepe1I. H8MH H Ha. 3TOT pa3 OJJ.H8 If Ta me MmlJH4ecKaH
1JepTa» 6.
Ho rpHcBap BbIRBH.."! O.3:HOBpe\1t"1Ho H BTopoe. OqeHb Ba>KHOe
COOTBeTCTBHe - M€>KJ1.Y EaTpa30M If ..lpyrHM nepCOHIDK€M K€JIbT-
CKoro 3110ca, Kopo..eM ApTYPoM '. OIlHcaHHe cMepTH 060HX repoeB
Tome CKJI a,l1.blBaeTCH H3 pe,l1.KHX TeM.
Be'!epOM 1I0c."e 6HT8bI npH Co."C6epH B >KH8bIX OCT3IOTC!!
TOJIbKO TPH lIepCOHa>Ka: JTYKa".!J.80peUKHH, fPHllwCT
(Girflet - npuMe.. nep.) , cMepTe.%HO paHeHHbIH ApTYP.
OHM BMeCTe nOKH,l1.aIOT nOlle no60HI.na H BepXOM HanpaBJIJUOT-
C!! K MOplO. OOCJ1e HO'lH, npOBel!CHHOH 3a MO."HTBOH B 4epHOH
4aCOBH€. ApTYP. CJKaB 8 f\1On'41-1X 06"bHTHHX CBaero CTOJlbIiH-
K8. lI.Yll1HT ero. B OTtlaRI.IHH CTapbIH KOpo..'lb npO.lJ,OJDKaeT
nYTb, conpOBOM;1.,BeMblfl rpHcp",leTOM; B nOJIlI.eHb OH D,OCTHraCT
MOP!!. 3;\CCb ApTYP npHK83bI8aeT CBoeMY BepHoMy cnYTHHKY
6pOCHTb Kopo."eBCKHH Me'! 3CK8."H60p B 03epo, paCKHHYBIlJee-
C!! HeB;\8JIeKC, lIa He60JIb!llOH B03BbIIlJeIlHOCTH. !J.B2>KL!bI fpHIjJ-
..'leT nbITaeTCH 06MaHYTb CBoero rOcn0.l1HH3; CHaQaJ1a OH 6po-
caeT B B0ll.Y co6CTBeHHbIH Me, nOTOM UO>KHbI 3CK3J1H60pa.
6 C. 321 B: «MOTHS Mellll, 6pOUICHHoro E mepo: CMepTb ApTypa H CMep"fb
6aTpa3a. - Romania 90, 1969, c. 289-340; BTOpaH aCTb nosmH.laCb TaM )KC.
C. 473-514. MOTHB «3aK3'leHHOrO MJIa.ll.eHua.repoSi. 6e3rc..10BHO, CHH3<lH C M<lfH-
'lieCKHMH 06PH.Q3MH. Tax, J1. It!. J1aBpoB E pa60Te «LtoHCJJBMClme BepOAatlHH
an.Llre{fuee H Ka6apJJ.l'ltJuc8:», ony6.'!HKOE<lHHOH B c6. «I1cCnCjl0BanHH .H MaTC'pH<lJlbI
no Bonpoc3M nCpS06b1:TUbiX peJUlrH03Hblx BepoBaIlH::' (Tpy.nbl I1HCTHryTa 3Tllorpa-
4JHH. H. c. 51), M, 1959, c. 223. nHlllCT: «HaM paccK23blB2JlH B lllancynm. 'ITO
>KeHIl1HHbI npHHOnl'IH H KY3HHlty CBOHX ,ncTefl H KY3Hell norpY>Kan HX B KOpbTTO
C BOIlOH. KOTopaSi c.ny>KIiJl3 Jl:UI 3aK3J1KH >Kl'Jle33. npfl 3TOM KY3Heu "POCM.'! TJlcn
wa (6ora-KY3HCLt3) YKpenHTL 3.QopoELe pc6eHKa. fIo CJIOBaM H_ )Kap.Qc1ltiOH
(<<HapO.QHaf! Me)J.Hl.t.Hua H Jle l !c6naH Marml y 4epKecoB» B c6. «PCJIHrH03Hble nepc-
JKH1'KH y '1cpKecoB.U1ancyroo». c 61), B Ky3HJfUY ([pH.XO.nHlH 6epeMeHHbIe JI TaM
UX 06J1HBaJIH BO.QO", CMC'liLaHHon c Yl"'!HMH 01' ropH8. Bo Bpe\fSl 1'1)¥AHNX
pOllOE po>Kem.u.{BM JI:BB3J1J1 nHTb BOilY, B KOTOpytO npe.rlBapHTe.lbHO norpy)Ka'IH
WaIlJKY»
T UJIT. C:T. c. 289-290.
66
KOPOllb, KOTOPOMY BC.o.OM8 3araJJ.OtIH8H T8HH3, He .o.8eT npo-
BeCTH ce6w rpmtJ..'IeT npHHY>K.o.eH nOBHHOB3TbCH  H TOf.o.a OH
BH.lI.HT, KaI< H3 o3epa BblCOBblBaeTCH pYKa, CXBaTb1BaeT 3eKa-
llH6op. TPH HllH IleTbIpe p333 B3MaXHBaeT HM H HCGe3aeT. no
paccKa3Y rpHIjJ.,eT8 ApTYP nOIlH"aeT, '1TO cMepTb 6JIH3Ka, H
npocHT ero nocneWHTb y.o.aJIHTbCH; TOT HeOXOTHO nOll.IJHHHeT-
CR, HO BbIHY>K,lLeH yI<pbITbCR OT ..1HBIIR noJJ. JJ.epeBOM; orclO.o.a
OH BH.lI.HT. KaK npH6..1H>KaeTCH Kopa6JIb C MHO>KeCTBOM JJ.8M Ha
OOPTY; Cpel!H HHX OH Y3HaeT MopraHY, ceCTpy ApTypa. CHA!!-
mHl1 lIa 6cpery KOpO.% nOLI.HHMaeTC!! H BCTyn8e-r Ha 60pT B
JWCneX3X, BMeCTe C I<OHeM. BCJIe.o. 33 3THM I<Opa6JIb 6bICTpO
YII.%IB8eT 8 OTKpblTOe "ope, a fpHIjJJIeT, BepHYBIlJHCb Ha 6e-
per, npOBOJJ.HT B >KalI06HbIX CTeHaHHRX OCTarOK .o.HH H Bero
110%. 4epe3 Tpoe CYTOK OH 06HapY>KHT B 4epHOH 4aCOBHe
MorH..'1Y Aprypa, Te"rIO I<oroporo nepeHeceHO Ty.o.a TaHHCTBeH-
HbIMII 1!8MaMH. OOI!88."eIlHbIH ropeM, fpHIjJ.,eT nepe>KH8eT
cBoero rocnO;1.,HHa llHWb Ha BOCeMHa!1.uaTb JJ.HeH.
OepeCK83aB T8KHM 06pa30M TeKCT, fpHCBap IIHIlJeT:
Bonee nOJIYCTO.1eTHH 3TOT rpaHllH03HbIH IjJHHaJI «Mort
Artll» B036Y>Kl!a." nlO60nbITCTBo H nOpa>K8JI Bo06pa>KeHHe.
Ho HeKoTOpbIe 3.,eMeHTbI paccK83a 6bIJTH MaJIO-nOMaJIY IIpO-
RCHeHbI. 3 BOT B€J1HKo"rlenHbIH MOTHB MeGa. 6porneHHoro B
Mope, BHJJ.HMO. JJ.O CHx nop He n01J,JJ.3BaJICR K3KHM-T]H60 no-
IIblTKaM paCIlJHIjJpOBKH (...). 11 Bce >Ke CBoem pOila melleTHJIb-
HOCTb H K8K8!!-TO BHYTpeHH!!H HeYI!OBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb YAep>KH-
B3llH KpHTHKOB OT Toro, lITo6bI npHnHcaTb aBTopCTBO 3Toro
MOTHBa caMOMY pOM8HHcry.
ilOI<33aB, I!TO Bce paHee npeJJ.JIO>KeHHbI€ «HcrOlJHHI<H» MaT]O-
npaB1!01I0i\06HbI 8 , fpHCBap 06pam8eTC!! K H8pTOBCKOMY 311OCY, K
«CMepTH EaTpa38». B OJJ.HOM H3 caMbIX CTapHHHbIX Bapm.lHTOB. B
TOM MCCTe. r1J,e EaTpa3 HaI<OHeu C>KaJIHBaeTCH Ha;:I. HapTaMH H
06'hRBJIH€T HM 0 CBoeM pem€IIHH nOI<OH':lHTb C >KH3HblO. OH )1.0-
6aBT]R€T 9:
«Ho !! lie Mory YMepeTb, nOKYJ\a Me'l Moli He 6YAeT 6po-
meH B Mope: TaKOBa B()...'IH CYJJ.b6bI». HapTbI CHOBa BnaJIH B
OT'Ia!!HHe: KaK 6pOCHTb 8 Mope Me'! BaTpa38? OHH peIlJHJJH
06MaHYTb repo!!, 3aCTaBHTb 1I0BepHTb, '1TO em Me'l 6bJJl 6po-
meH B Mope H liTO JJ.JIH Hero H3CTaJI Gac CMepTIf. OHH no,no-
IlJ."H K YMHpalOmeMy H nOK."!!JIHCb, 4TO npeAH84epTaHHe pO-
Ka HcnOllHeHO. «K.aKHe I.JYJJ:CC3 BbI BH!1.€llH. I<orJJ.a MOH MelJ
yna..1 B Mope?» - CnpOCHJI OH y HHX. «HI1KaKHX», OTBE'THlHI
HapTbI C1;1Ylll.CHfIO.- «3H3 I IHT. MOM Met} He ObI.:1 6pomeH B MO-
pe. HH3QC 61,1 BbI YBH,UeJIH YJJ.eca» HapTbI !I.OJI>KHbI 6bIJIH
l! UHT. CT., C 290-297
, JJH, N, 19.a, C 69 (r IlIa"aeB, CCKr IX, 2, 1876, C 20-21), C"of C 15
5-
67

nO,lp-IHHHTbCH OHH C06paliH BCe CHJIbI, npHBH3aJIH K MellY
TbICHllH >KHBOTHbIX. HaI<OHeu HM y.naJ10Cb .lJ.OTalll.HTb Mell EaT-
pa33 I!O 6epera H 6pOCHTb ero B Mope. TYT >Ke nOI!HH."HCb
BO.rIHbI, HallaJICH yparaH, Mope 3a6ypJIHJIO. nOTOM CTaJIO
KpOBaBbIM. HapTbI 6bIJIH YI!HBJIeHbI H 6eCKOHeHO 06pal!OBa-
Hbl. OHH n06e>Ka.TH C006mHTb 5aTpa3Y 0 TOM, TO BHl!eJIH.
OOBepHB, OH HcnYCTHJI I!YX. HapTbI MOrJIH ero .TerKO noxopo.
HHTb, HO OHH He BepHJIH, HeCMOTpH Ha ero KOHllHHY. lITO EaT-
pa3 6bI..'1 CMepTHbIM H 3eMHLlM lleJIOB€I<OM.
.."IH€TCH 8BTOP pOMana «CMepTb ApTypa», 3aTyweB3JI IICKOH-
HbIH CMbICJI MHlj>a (ApTYP He MO>KeT YMepeTb, nOKa 3CKaJIH-
60p He 6YI!eT 6pomeH B BOAY), HO 6bIJI AocTaTOHO YTOK K
ero KpaeoTe llT06bI nOMeJIaTb coxpauHTb ero cxeMY - .lJ.a>Ke
l1eHOH HeKoopbIX Heco06pa3HocreH. Ope>Kl!e Bcero, KaK He
3aMeTHTb, lITO Haw aBTOp He 6e3 CHOpOBKH HcnOllb30BaT] TOH-
KHH npHeM, n03BOJIHBWHH eMY He3aMeTHO CI<0.."Ib3HYTb OT MH-
q,a K CHMBOJIY? Y3bl Mui/Ju.eCKue, coeAHHHBmHe repo!! C ero
MellOM, npeBpalll.alOTCR B CUMBOAUlieCKue. a TO. llTO B nJIaHe
CHMBOJIa ypaBHeHHe ApTYP = 3CKa.TH60p O>KeT 6bITb npOBe-
peHO, nOllTH HC Bbl3blBaeT COMHeHHH: ApTYP pO>K,l1.aeTCH D.J1H
repOHI-JeCKoii >KH3HH B TOT .lJ.eHb, I<orlI.a OH BbIlI.eprHBae-r J\1.ell
H3 I<3MeHHOii TIJIHTbI; B 3TOM -cMbICT]e OH cYW.eCTByeT.. JIHUlb
6JIarO!1.apH CBoeMY MellY, OH H eCTtJ ero c06CTBeHHbIH Mell;
3CKaJIH60p AaeT eMY >KH3Hb H OTHHMaeT ee, 3CKaJIH60p H
nopO>K.lJ.aeT H y6HBaeT ero: OH He CMor 6bI BbI>KHTb nOCJIe
HClIe3HOBeHHH Mella. ..
CTpYKTypa MHq,HeCKOH cxeMbI, CTPYKTYP3, KOTOpOH MHcj>
H 06H33H OTaCTH CBoeH npeJIeCTblO, Tpe60BaJIa, 'IT06bI Ap-
TYP He caM 6pOCHJI Me B Mope. B HapTOBCKOM 3I1C;ce 5aT-
pa3 ."H60 JIe>KHT 6.TH3 MOpH 6e3 ABH>KeHH!!, 60JIbHOH, JIH60
npe6bIBaeT Ha eaDeM KOCTpe If, CJIelI.OBaTeJIbHO. He cnoc06elf
3a6poCHTb caM cBoii MelJ; KpoMe Toro, Talll.HTb ero QY!1.0 BH W-
HblH Meq ,l1.0 6epera -lI.Ono.."IHHTeJIbHOe H3Ka3aHHe. KOTOPOMY
HapT nOI!BepraeT y6HHI( CBoero OTI(a; npHKa3 repOH onpaB-
J\aH, CTa.TO 6bITb, BII.BOHHe. C I!PyroH CTOpOHbI, I(H"KJIOnHe-
CKHH xapaKTep 3all.aH Ae."aeT COBepmeHHO nOH!!THOH nepBYIO
peaKI(HIO >KepTB repo!!: 3TO JIO>Kb, nOTOMY TO HHero OHH
He >KeJIalOT TaK, KaK CMepTH EaTpa3a. 3aBHCHlll.eH OT Toro,
6YI!eT HJIH HeT ero Me norpY>KeH B Mope. «OOB:OPHOCTb,. 
npYKType paCCKa3a npel!nHCblBaeTC!! a6CO."IOTHOH JIOrHeCKOH
He06xoII.HMOCTblO; 31!eCb Bce MOTHBHpOB-aHO, 3".:OT MHp 06He-
ceft Ha!1.eJKHOH orpalI.OH: B HeH HeT HH eJI.HHOH weJIH H Bee
BbIXOl!bI oxpaHHIOTC!!. A B apTypoBCKOM 3nH30J\e eCTb He-
YBH3KH. OpH6erHYB K y.ToBKe - H T}'T MbI CHOBa pacn03HaeM
O,l1.HH H3 ceKpeTOB npOH3BO,l1.CTB3,- pOMaHHCT. H3D.0 CK33aTb,
He 6e3 TOHKOCTH, nepeMeCTH." np06JIeMY C Mu"'uec"ozo
ypOBHH Ha ncuxoll02u.ecKuu; oJ\HaKO, nel?,eC1'pOHB cxeMy Ha
lle.."IOBellecKHH JI3,l1.. 01-1 BblHY1K.lJ.eH bIT] nOHTH H8 CBoero.. POD. a 8
npel!aTeJIbCTBO - oepHHrb J\O KpaHHoCTH, BonpeKH BCeil 1'p -
I!Hl1HH H JIHTepaTypHOMY KOHTeKCTY, caMoro BepHoro cnYTHH-
Ka ApTypa, TOro, Ha Komporo 6bl."a B03JIO>KeHa C1'paIllHaS!,
1-10 nOlleTHaH o6R3aHHOCTb npHCYTCTBOB3Tb npH lIYlI.eCHbIX 3H3-
MeHHHx,- rpHq,JIeTa. B caMOM J\eJIe, nOTH HHKTO He 06pa-
maJI BHHMaHH!! Ha OAHY Bemb: npH Kpaxe apTypoBcKoro MH-
pa BeplIoMY riJHq,.TeTY yroToBaH CBoero pOJ\a Yl!eJI H36paH-
Horo a 3TO no HaIlleMY MHeHHIO. MaJIO nO,l1.XO,lJ.,HT TaKOMY
IlIlT>KecT';y, KaKHM OH H306pa>KaeTCS! B paCCMaTpHBae;
3n1l301!e: COJIHeHbIH JIY nOpa>KaeT MopJ\peJ\a (c. ,
69
BOT HeCKO.."IbKO OTpbIBI<OB H3 OTlIHqHOro KOMMeHT3pHH rpHC-
Bapa 10:
B CBeTe 3TOro paCCKa3a q,IlHa.TbHaH Cl1eHa «CMepTIl ApTy-
pa» 06peTaer He06blHb!H paKypc. rIepel! HaMil O.l\Ha H Ta
>Ke MH4JW-JeCI<aH cxeMa -lI.OCTaTOllHO npOCToro qTeHHH, lIT06bl
y6 e .l\IlTbCS! B 3TOM. O.l\HaKO napaJIJIeJIbHb!H aHaJIH3 q,p aH l1Y3-
CKoro TeKCTa H oceTHHCKoro eKa33HHS! n03BOlIHT HaM npe,l1.-
CTaBHTb B HOBOM CBeTe HeI<OTOpble .lJ.0 CHX nop 6bIBll1He 60'lee
HJIH MeHee HeS!CHbIMH MeCTa. TaK, KOr.l\a rpllq,JIeT, HaKOHeI(,
peIllHBmIlHC!! 6pOCHTb Me B 03epo, B03BpamaeTcH, T06bI
paccKa3aTb ApTYPY TO, ro BHJ\e.", TOT KOMMeHTllpyeT: «51 I!Y_
MaIO. liTO KOHeu Moii npH6JIH1KaeTCH >K€CTOKO:. (<<...ce pensoi
ge bien que ma fins aprouchoit duremen!»). KOpOJIb Y>Ke lie
TO.%KO npeJ\BH.l\HT Yl!eca (<<H60 6e3 Be.THKoro YlI.a He 6Y.l\eT
OH nOTep!!H», car sanz grant merveitle ne sera ele pas
perdu) II. HO H 06peTaeT )'lwpeHHOCTb B 6lIH3I<OH cMepTH: CJIe-
lI.OBaTeJIbHO, >KH311b KOpOJIfi. KaI< H >KH3Hb EaTpa3a, CBH3aH3
c ero JIereH.lJ.apHI [\1 M€t-JOM; no paCCI<33Y CBoero BaCCaJIa Oft
3liaeT, .TO CKOpU ,,"peT, PYKa - 3HaMeHIle CMepTH. 001\06HO
TOMY K3K .3TO npOHeXO.lJ.HT B oceTHHCKOM CKa3aHHII, 3a6paCbl-
BaHHe Mella - 3TO H HcnbrraHHe H lI.OKa38TeJIbCTBO: paUHO-
H3JIbHOe OnpaB,l1.aHHe noro >KeCTa >KeJIaHHeM H36aBHTb 3e-
Ka."H60p OT PYK lle1\OCTOHHb!X HaCJIel!HHKOB - J\OMbICeJI pOMa-
HHCTa. n.."IoxO COlJeTalOlliHHcR C HppaUHOH3JIbHOH CYTblO
MIlcj>a. )K j],IOMe3HJIb, OCHOBb!BaHCb Ha CKHq,CKOM KYJIbTe
Mella. nOJIaraeT, lITO EaTpa3--:-repOH CTaJIbHOH JIH60 OT P0>K-
!I,eHHH, JIH60 CTapal-lHRMH He6eCHoro KY3Heua. o,l1.HOBpeMeHHO
H repoH H 0pY>KH€ - \fOr 6bITb 60rOM-MellOM; pa3Be He 03Ha-
llaeT JKpe6HH. no KO ""I'1MY OH MOJKeT YMepeTb He paHee, lIM
ero Mell 6YlI.eT 6POUkil B Mope, qTO «B KaI<OH-TO CTen€HH
5aTpa3 6bI.T CBOHM MeOM»? KorJ\a pe% ll1\eT 06 ApType,
HeT]b3J! YTBep1KJI.3Tb 3TO TO>K.lJ.eCTBo. HO CJIellyeT. 6e3 COMHe-
HHS!, npH3HaTb, TO cTapbIH KOpOJIb KaKHM-TO 06pa30M CBS!.
3aH C 3CKaJIH60pOM...
...HeCOMH€HHO. liTO rYT YMeT]bIH paCCKa3QHK, I<3KHM HB-
'0 LIMT. CT., C. 300-302, 304-305.
II J. Frappier, La Mort de Roi Artu. 3-e ed., 1964, c. 249.
68

CT. 58). BeIl\aSl PYKa XBaTaeT Meq (Co 249, CT. 82). BOJIwe6-
",xii Kopa6JIb 3a6HpaeT ApTypa (c. 250, CT. 38) H, HaKOHeu,
JIbeT J\OJK).(b «moult grallt et moult merveilleuse» (c. 250,
CT.- 32), J\OJKJ\b, KOTOpblii CaM eCTb 3liaMeliUe u36paliliocTu.-
H e,AHHCTBeHHbIM CBH,l1.eTeneM BCero .:noro OI<83bIB8eTCH...
fpHrj)JIeT-IIJIYT, rpHrj)."eT'BOp? 3J\ecb HBHo"e HecooTBeTcTBHe,
HenOCTlUKHMOe ,AJIJ! BCHKoro. KTO OTKa3bIBaeTCSI BHJleTb B
3TOM IIpOTHBOpeqHH 1I0J\TacoBKY, YMblWJIeHHbIii aBTopcKUU
npueM. ueJIb KOTOporo - onHTb-T8KH BOCnOJlb30BaTbCSI paM-
KaMH rj)OPMbI, c06."a3HSlBWeii COqHHHTeJIH IIpeCTHJKHOCTblO.
H eIl\e OJ\HO aaTPYJ\HeHHe: KaK OllpaBJ\aTb TO, 'ITO ApTYP 110-
PY'IaeT 6pOCHTb CBoil Meq B oaepo J\pyroMY? ABTOp HHKaK
HaM 3TOro He 060SlCHSleT...
::IToii nepBoii BCTpe'lH OCeTHI\ H KenbTOB 110 nOBOJ\Y BaJKHblX
mHqeCKHX nepCOH8JKeH H B CBH3H C pe.n.KHMH TeM8 MH JIOCT8TOQHO.
llT06b1 nOCTaBHTb 6oT]ee CJlO>KHbIe BonpOCbI: t:ITO 3T{)" o6ll1.ee Ha-
CJle.l1.He? 3aHMCTBOBaHHe? 11 eCJIH a8HMCTBOB8HHe. TO lIepe3 KaKHX
nocpellHHKOB, B KaKYIO 3110XY? 12
12 fpHCBap OTMeTHn Ii HeCKOJlbKO npyrHx COOTBeTCTBHA; ABa H3 DHX 6YIJ.YT
ynoMHHYTbI B :nOH KHHre, c. 95-96 H 168-172.
COJlH£llHbIH r EPOH
COCAaH-C03blpblKO - U3A106AeHHblU u caMblU non(.nflpHblU B
Hame BpeMR 2epou liapTOBCKUX CKa3aliUU KaK y epKeCOB U a6-
xa3lfeB, TaK U B OceTUU: Oli lie YMep, Oli :JICUBeT nao 3eMlleu, OXU-
aaJl oCB060:JICOeHUH, OToallReM020 oelib OTO alifl. XOTfl 06pa3 e20
Ii 6AUJfCe I(, fleAOBe'ieCKoMYI fleM o6pa3 Earpa3a l OH Te.M. He MeHee
HaiJeAeH CBOUCTBGMU «COAHeflHOCTU»1 'iTO OC06eHftO npOllBAReTCR
e paCCKa3ax 0 ezo poiJeHuu U C.M.epTu. A 3HaflUT 1 B03MOJfCH0 1 'iTO
eCllU Oli U He anu.eCKUU liaClleOIiUK CKUlpCK020 602a COlllilfa, KO-
TOp020 TepooOT Ha3blBaeT AnOllllOHOM, TO no KpaUlieu Mepe CBfl-
3UH C 3TUM 60Z0M Tal\, el KaK, no «Maxa6xapaTe», COAH'ie
CYPbR - co CBOUM CblIiOM. COllHe'iHbIM 2epoeM /(apliou.
B BapualfuflX, KOTOpblM nOOBep211UCb 06pa3bl U CKa3aliUR oce-
'J?UHCKOZO anoca B 3aUMCTBOBaHURx coceOHUX ftapoiJoB, nOBclOiJy
06liapYJlCUBaeTCR TeHoeHlfUH npuellymuTb aTOT liaTypallucTueCKUU
C.M.blCJl.
HUMU e U.M.eHHO 3TOT CMblCA 1 U TO/lbKO OH, 6yiJeT npUHRT BO
BIiUMaliue. l1.11R 6011ee nOllli020 UCClleoOBaliUR liaoo 6blllO 6bl
npOTUBonOCTaBUTb COCAUHY e20 n.pOCTH020 Bpa2a - 3/l0K03HeHH020
HapTa CblpOOlia, nOOCTpaUBalOU{e20 2u6ellb 2epOH, 1i0 CblpOOIi
CTUA 06'beKTO.M. 60Aee UlUPOKUX conOCTaB/leHUU B Moea. KftU2e
JJOKU».
OOlia napallllellb, KellbTCKaR, OTMe.elia - no FpucBapy - tJ
CBR3U C COlllie.IiOU npupooou 2epofl.

VIr. COCJIAH-C03bIPbIKO 11 COJ1HUE
B TO BpeMH KaK 06pa3 H eHHHH OaTpa3a BO MHOrHX qepTaX
HanOMHHalOT KYJJbT CKHq,CKOro Apeca CO BceM TeM MHq,O."OrHqe-
CKHM, qTO npOrJJHbIBaeT B ero pHTya."aX, PyroH repOH HapTOB
CKHX CKa3aHHH. caMbIH 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH H caMbIH nonY.lJRpHbIH H8
BeeM CeBepHOM KaBKaa€. KOToporo oceTHHbI H33bIB81OT JIH60 erQ
MeCTBblM BMeBeM COCJJaH, ."H60 OqepKelieHHbIM COCpbIKO HJJH Co-
3bIPblKO. He BbI3bJBaeT HHI<aI<HX aCCOLlHaLlHH C paCCK830M fepoJ1.u-
Ta. npaBa, 0 60rax, 3a HCKJJlOqeHHeM Apeca B fepKYJJeCa, fepo-
II.OT He coo6 m aeT BHKaKHx 06pHII.OBbIX B."B MHq,OJJOrH.eCKHX no-
p06HOCTeii, npBBOH ."Hlib rpeqeCKHH «nepeBOII.» HX HMeH HapHII.Y
C npB6JJH3BTeJIbHO nepell.aHHblMH nOI\JlHHHblMH: OH He OHOCHT 11.0
Hac Hii O.lJ,HOro npHKT]lOqeHHH, HH O,l1.HOH oco6eHHOCTH AnOJIJIOHa
Arj)pOIlHTbI YpaHHH. nOCeiiOHa, a>Ke feCTHB, He roBOpH Y>Ke 
Tex 601KeCTBeHHbIX HJIM repOHlLteCI<HX nepCOHaJKaX, liTO t1I..eikTBOBa-
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lll.HX llepTax nOJIBeI<a Ha3a{/. 3H3JIOfHR I M€>KJ1.Y era CMepTbK> H
cMepTblO CKaHII.HHaBa OaJIbllpa Ha CeBepe, K KOTOpOH c.,ellyeT 11.0-
6aBHTb cMepTb JJHII.HHUa ATHca. CblHa Kpe3a, Ha lOre, a TalOKe
aHaJIOrH Me>KII.Y paMaMH acex 3THX nepCOHa>KeH H IOIIXHliTXBPbl
H3 HH.lJ.HHCKOro 3nOCa H3BO,l1.HT H3 MbICJIb. qTO cKHcpaM. }KHBUlHM B
npOMe>KYTOqHOe Me>KII.Y TeMH H II.pyrHMH BpeMH, 6bI." BellOM 3TOT
THn MHOr03HaQHOrO repoH.
fepoH, l<aK H oaTpa3, a He 60>KeCTBa: BonpeKH TOMY, Ha qTO R
HeKor.na OTB31KHJICH B 3aMeTKax. npHJIOJKeHHbIX K MOHM «CI<a3aHH-
RM 0 HapTax», HH oaTpa3. HB COCJIaH - He peBHHe 60rH, cnyc-
TBBliHeCH B paHr CBep.XJJlOlI.eH. 3TO Be cBoe06pa3HbIe Apec, AnoJI-
JIOH B."H fepKYJIec. B0306HOBBBUIHe, npOll.o.">KHBliBe Ha 3eMJJe TY
lI.eRTeJIbHOCTb, KOTOpylO H3-3a peJJHrH03HbIX peBOJJIOUHH HM He YlI.a-
JJOCb nO-npe>KHeMY BepliHTb B pOIl.HOM He3eliHeM MHpe. 06a
OHH - BepHee. HX npe,U.mecTBeHHHKH no,U. JJ.pyrHMH HMeHaMH  Bce-
r.na 6bLnH TeM me. qTO H HbIHe. TO eCTb 06bIKHOBeHHO CHllbHblMH
I J1H. 3aNeTK3 IV (<<CoJlHe'lHhle MllctJbI>). c. 190-199; «J]OKH», 1948,
c. 227-246.
72
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nepeJIeTeB llepe3 BOJIHbI. nOpa>KaeT K3MeHb, Ha ROTOpOM CH!1.HT
CaTaH3. Ta nepeHOCHT KaMeHb I< ce6e JJ.OMOH. H lJepe3 HeCI<OJIbKO
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c 75114 (Ha YKa3aHHblX CTpaHHLlax KHl1fH «Legendes sur Jes Nartes» npl1BO-
Jl5lTCfJ B nepeBoJ].e "JIll H3J10>KeHHH )I( )J,IOMe3HJlJI oceTHHCKHe HapToBcKMe CK33a-
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cpp.mLlY3cKHH Jl3bfK cKa3aHHH LlHKJ13 0 COCJ13He, 60Jlb1ll3J1 'laCTh KOTOpblX B3f1Ta
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73

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TbI KOTOpOH OHH 1I0."JKHbI nOKaTHTb Ha Hero «PeJKyn!ee KOJIeco,"
>KaH IlIepKo - 06bI'lHbIH HX CHapH)! II."H TpeHHpODKH, H OHH npo-
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nOTOM PYKaMH H T. JJ..; HeYH3BHMOMY COCp.bII<O Heqero onaCaTbCH , If
Ka}!{jjbIH pa3 OH yenewHo cnpaBJUleTCH C 3aJ\aqCH. Ho Korlla HapTbI
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lla OCTa..1aCb lleliOBell€CKOH nJIOTblO,- H BOT Hora ero OTpe38Ha.
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'IT06bI npHHHTb yqaCTHe B .1HKOBaHHH npHpOJ\bI. CmiWHTCH cro
neHHe, H CJIe3bI ero CTPYHTCH 1t3 ropHbIX HCTOIIHHI<OB.
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HeM HaBH3bIBaeT CBOHM .neBHHocTa ,U.eBSITH CbIHOBbSlM, npOH3Be)J.eH-
HbIM Ha CBeT HOpMaJIbJlbIM 06pa30M, .:tToro HeHacTORw..ero, P0>KlI.eH-
3 OCJ-IOBJ-Ible BapHaHThi CM.: JIH. C. 75-114. (ABTOp "MeeT II BH.QY TeKCT!l.
nel?eBejI,eHlJble HM Ha cppaHltY3CKHH C alJ,blrCKHX H31:.iKoB H BOllle.Q.lllHe 8 KHHry
«Legendes sur les Nartes... Ero HCTOljHHKH: ATa:J1CYICuH K. 113 Ka6apJJ.HHCKHX CKa-
:UUIHH 0 HapTtLX - CCKr. V. 187i, n, c. 47-71; JIonal'UHCKUU JI. Ka6apJIJIHCKHe
npe,naHHH.- CM!\.. XII. 1891, I. I. c, 11-145; Oft ?ICe. Ka6apAHHcKHe TeKCTbI.-
CMK. XII, 1891, I, 2, c. 1-104; /l.M.KOB-TopoCOB A. H A6aJt.exH.- 3K0I1Pro.
XXII. TH<j>nHc, 1903, 4. c. 26--37; Tl1M6ueB n. Ao"rcKHe TeKCT..-CMK XXI
1896, (1, c. 258-265; XaH rHpeH, KHH3b OIlJCbKOH AXD.QJlKOrO - CMK XVII'
1893, c. 23.-npw..". nep.) HK3. 1951, c. 23-137. . . .
4 OpHKn.. 1962, nepeBo,Q, C OpHrHHaJI3 H3 PYCCKHH (1962).
74
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Pe>Kywero KOJIeca, BM€CTO KOToporo 3JJ.eCb 1<3MeHHbl:e rT]bI6bI 5.
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eHJIe. J],a}!{e Me,leTHHCKHii 6 . 06palIjalOlIjHH BHHMaHHe Ha IIpyrHe
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no neKoTopbIM nOJJ.BJ-IraM repml.
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nOMOlIjb rp030BOH repOH 5aTpa3 8 .
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ero npOTHBHHK npH6..1HJKaJIC}! BepXOM Ha KOHe, COCpbII<O pacnax-
HYJI oJJ.e)KJJ.Y H OTl<pbIJI TaJIHCMaH: OCJIenJIeHHbIH 6JIeCKOM, KOHb
npOTHBHHKa BCTall Ha .i1.bI6bI, onpOKHHYJICH H 3a,U.aBH.rI BcaJJ.HHI<8 9 .
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paCCKa3C, qe IOHbIii repOH TPH IIHH nOllpHIl HrpaeT B KOCTH C CbI-
1I0BbHMH 60raqa 5ypalj>aplIbIra H BbIHrpbIBaeT Y HHX J\oporoe
IlJIaTbe, n06e>KJlaeT OH TaK>Ke 06H3aTeJIbHO 8 nOT],U.eHb; B nepBbIH
pa3 B TeKCTe npOCTO CK33ano: «OH n06e,U.HT] HX ,U.O 06e,U.a». BO BTO-
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6e.iI,H..1»; B TpeTHH pa3: «KorDa HacTynH..'1 nOJIlJ,CHb, CHOBa COCpbI-
1\0 n06eJJ.Hll MaTJ:blJHI<OB» 10.
5 SI He 3aTpanmalO 3.QeCb COCKa-COJlCY y tleqeHueO H Imryweli; CM. M3. I.
C 478-483.
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(MaTepH3JJbl nepBoro COBe1ll3HHH no Hap10JlOrHl! Op.Q>KOHHKHn3e, 1956). 1957.
c. 37-73.
7 JIH. N!! 28-a (TIaMHTHHKH. I. c. 4146).
fj JIH. N!! 14-a (TIaMHTHHKH. I. c. 90-91).
, JIH, N, 24-c CA. H. llbH4KoB.TapacoB, 3KOHPrO, 22, 4, 1903, c. 3234):
cpo HK3, 1951, c. 110.
W JIH, N,26.a (Bc. MH.'Jlep, 03, I, I, c. 30-31)
75

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n06JIeCTH H 6bIJI y6HT. BOJKeCTOeHHQA oOJIeli OH 6bIJI npeopa-
ll1eH 0 ropy, HOCHll1YIO era HMH».
lho K3c3eTCSI HCTOpHH KOH'::IHHbI - HeJIb3H CKa33Tb «CMepTH»-
COCJIaHa-COcpbIKO, TO ee 06pHnOBoe npOHCXOJK).(eHHe OqeOHJtHO.
::no 6bI."0 IIOKa3aHO ell1e 0 1930 L ".
f3J1.03 9 OTTaT]I<HB3HCb OT raJIJIO-pOMaHcKHx H306pa>KelrHH «60ra
II nH, N, 22.a (lb. llJaHaeB,-CCKr, V.2, 1871. c. 3-5).
12 J. Vermaseren, «The miraculous birth or Mithras» -Mnemosyne, seT. 44.
1951, c. 285-301. Cpo W. Blawatsk}' et G. KocheJenko, le cuJte de Mithra SlIr
18 cote septentrionale de Ja Mer Noire, 1966 (Etudes preliminaires aux religions
orientales dans I'empire romaine, 8).
" JKMHn. MaH 1885, c. 89.
IC BUITO H3 KH. «nOKH», 1948, c. 227-230.
76
...: KOJIeeOM» - 60r3, ,l1.ep>K3ll1.erO I<OlleCO cpeJI.Heii BeJIHIJHHbI Ha
pVKC H.!IH H3 nJIeGe,- H3nHcali CTaBll1ee no npaBY 3HaMeHHTbIM HC-
c.rre.!1.0B3HHe noD. Ha3B3HHeM «raJIJIbCI<HH 60f COJIHua H CHMBOJIHI<3
I'm']eC3}) 15. rpHMM, MaHX3p;n Y>Ke BhiCK33b1BaJIHCb no 3TOMY Bon-
pocy, nOI1XBaTHJI ero BO Bcei" WHpOTe H J<1>p33ep 0 CBH3H C repMaH-
CKH\! MHrj)OM 0 Ba.%).(pe 16. Ii XOTH <l>p33ep neJIaeT OroOOpKH, YCTa-
HOBleHO, GTO BO MHorHX CJIY1JaHX eBponeHCKHe 06PH.lI.bI B lI.HH paB-
Ho.n.eHCTBHR H COJIHueCTORHHR, B I<OTOpbIX yqaCTByeT ropHllI.ee KO-
C 17
.1eco,- 3TO npa3,l1.HHI< COJIHua, 3 C3MO I<OJIeCO - CHMBOJI OT]Hua .
4HT3TeJIb HaH,l1.eT y ynoMHHYTbIX aBTopOB BeCbMa MHor01JHCJIeHHbIe
npHMepbI '1THX PHTYJIbHbIX cueH. O.n.H3 H3.. caMbIX THnHqHbIX-
II p 33 n HHK onHC3HHbIH CTO JIeT Ha3all., KOTOpbIH npOBO,l1.HJICH B HBa-
 , 18
HOB ,l1.eHb, B XpHCTH3HCI<HH np3311.HHI< JIeTHerO COJIHueCTOHHHH , B
Bacc-KoHLle (oKpyr THOHBHJIb, JIOTapHHrHS!). ::ha ).(epeBHH pac no-
.,10>KeHa Ha CKJIOHe XOJIMa, nOI<pblTOrO Ca,l1.3MH H BHHorpa,l1.HHI<aMH.
l<OTOpbli'l B038bIwaeTCH Ha,l1. M03eJIeM. B KaHYH npa3.!1.HHI<a, nHllJeT
TeCCbe, MY>KqHHbI - JKeHll1HH He ).(onYCKaIOT - npHXO).(HT Ha Bep-
WHHY XOJIMa, r,l1.e YCT3nOBJ1eHO 60llbllloe KOT]eCO, YKp3llJeHHOe CO-
_"OMOH, c06paHHOH co Bcex ).(BOpOB ).(epeBYWKH. M3p coce).(Hero ro-
ponKa CbepK3 nOI1JKHrae-r Co."OMY, H cpa3Y JKe KOJIeW, HanpaBJIHe-
Mae .!1.BYMH JIOBI<HMH MOJIO,l1.blMH JllOlI.bMH, KOTopble ,l1.ep>K3T erQ 33
OCb (BbICTynalOll1YIO C 06eHX CTOpOH Ha TPH rj)YTa), HaqHHaeT CKa:
TbIBaTbCH C XOJIMa. PHnOM 6erYT MY>KqHHbI C nyqKaMH ropHll1eH
COJIOMbI B PYKax. J],Boe MO."Ol1bIX JIlOl1eH, Be).(Yll1HX KOJIeCO, CTapa-
JOTCR ,l1.0I<3THTb ero ,l1.0 caMoro HH3Y H rOpHlll.HM Hanp3BHTb B Mo-
3eJIb. 11M 3TO pel1KO y).(aeTCH - TO BHHorpa).(HHKH 3al1ep>KHBalOT, TO
COJIOMa nepeCTaeT ropETb eIlle .no Toro, I<aI< KOJIecO ,AOI<aTHTCSI ,l1.0
OCHOB3HHR XOT]Ma. Ho B rex HCKJU01JHTeJIbHbIX CJIYl.J:aHX, I<Orlla
IIpennpHHTHe y).(aeTcS!, B 3TOM YCMaTpHBalOT caMoe CqaCTJIHBOe
npe).(3HaMeHoBaHHe 11."H 6YI1Yll1ero ypO>KaH BHHorpa).(a.
06paTHMcH Tellepb K paccKa3aM 0 cepTH Coc."aHa-C03bIPbI-
KO. CKa3HTeJIH YJKe He 3HalOT, KTO TaKOH 6blJl Bapcar (HJIH Map-
car, HJIH Ba."car) - He60>KHTe.%. BJIa).(eJIeLl «KoJIeca Bapcara».
Ho caMO KOJIecO RCHO onHCbIBaeTCH H oceTHH8MH H I<a6apll.HH-
l..{3MH 19.
B OCeTHHCI<HX CI<33aHHHX 20 .3TO 1(0J1eCO 06bI1JHOrO THna HJIH
IS 1884-1885 B «Revue Archeologique». 3aTeM OTJI,eJlbHhlM H3.lU'IHHeM.
"The Golden Bough' VII (Balder Ihe Beaulilul). I. 1914, c. 106-346
(cjJpaHl,. nep. Balder Ie Megnilique, 1931. I, c. 96-306).
17 Ha 330 c. " ,Q3J1ee c1Jp33ep K TOMy 1Ke H caM nOJI,"lepKHBaeT, "ITO 3TH JI.BB
06'bHCHeHHH (OJI.HO - MaHxapJI.Ta, r3JI.03a...: COJIHe'IH8H CHMBOJlHKa, JI.pyroe 
Y3cTepMapKa: O<IHCTHTeJlbHblH 06p5JJI.) He HCKJ1IO'iaIOT .lI.pyr JI.pyra. _ .
I Tessier. Sur la fete annuelle de la roue flamboyante de la amt-Jean..a
Basse-Konz arrondissement de ThionvilIe - Mcmoires et dissertations pubhes
par la Sosite royale des antiquaires de France, 5(1823), c. 379-393.
19 0 TOM. HaCKOJlbKO nyTBHble npeJJ,CTaBJleHHH HMelOT 0 KOJIece cerOllHH "lep-
J{eCbI-3MHrpaI:lTbf. >KtlElYIllHe B TYPLlHH B paHoHe 113MHTa, CM.: RHR. 125, 1942-
1943, c. 116-117.
:!O nH, NQ 29-a. 8, c ()J,3. llJaHaeB. CCKr, V, 2, 1871, c. 9-12; TIaMfiTHH-
"H, I, c. 46--50; B. ncjJacjJ, CCK, I, 1871. c. 173-174).
77

3y6lJaToe. OXBalICIlHOC nJIaMeH€M,- B O,nHOM H3 BapHaHTOB, no
Kpaiillei1 Mepe nOTOMY, 4TO OHO 06paIl\aeT B nene." J\epeBbH (KpO-
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. C 2'
llOJ1>Ken ere nO;I..>KelJb npe>KJ1.e, lJeM OHO JJ.BHHeTCH Ha 03blpbIKO .
OHO KaTHTCH C He6a Ha 3eMJIIO Gepe3 JIeca Ii Jl.W1HHbl)1.0 caMoro
4eplloro MOp (lia 3anaJ\!), r:le II naJ\aeT B BOJ\Y". BCTpeTHB Ko-
_qeCO, C03b1pblKO npeCJ1eJ\yeT ero B 311aMellHToH norolle. B nepllbIii
pa3 6.qaroJ\apli 6epe3e, 3a;\ep}!{IIBalOIl\eii Ko.qeco, C03b1pbII<D ycne-
BaeT CXB8THTb era Ii R3f1Tb B nJ1eH. Ho BO BTOpOH pa3 KOJIeco no-
lB.ureTCH fleO>l\HJJ.8HHO Ii oTpe3aeT HorM repolO. Tor.na npeCJle1loBa-
IIHe npoJ\OJ1}!{aIOT J\O caMoro 4eplloro MOpli J\Ba CbIlia C03bIpblKO-
liD lIa3paCli0. KOJ1eco y}!{e norpY311J10Cb B BOJ\Y. OTMeTHM, 4TO II
O.:\IIOM 113 lIapHallTOIi 24 Ko."eco noc.,allo npOTHB C03b1pbII<0 J],o-
'lepblO COJ1H1.la, MCTIl\eii 3a TO, 4TO 011 ee OCKop6HJ1
Y Ka6aplJ.HHI.leB «Pe}!{YIl\ee KOJ1eco» BOBce lie HMeeT 3THX 4Y-
!1.eCHblX CBoneTB. CaMO no ce6e OHO - He >Kl1BOe, BeT Y HefO Ii He-
6ecHoro X03S!Hna, Ii J1.eHcTBye-r ono no caMbIM RBHbIM 3aKOHaM Me-
xaHHKH. O.D,HaI<O 3JJ.eCb, TepHH B MHcpo.nOfHH. MbI BbmrpbIBaeM no
4aCTli OOpRJ\IIOCTH: KOJ1eco, y611BLlIee C3YCblpW<D ",- 3TO LlIllpOKoe
KOJ1eCO C 3y6bMH 1!3 CTaJ1l!, 0110 C.qyJKI!T HapTaM UZp06btM clIap-
J\OM: OI\IIH C BepLlll!IIbI l3eLllTay CKaTbIBalOT ero BHH3 no rope, .'\py-
fHe. CTOSJW1ie BHH3Y. npHHHMaJOT ero, OCTaHaBJIHB81OT H CHOBa
BI<aTbIBaIOT HaBepx. Kor.l\a 04epeJ\b J\OXOJ\HT .1\0 l!eY3BHMoro
C3YCbIPblKO, HapTbl OJ\HII 3a J\pyrnM npOCHT npHHHTb KOJ1eCO lIa
rpY.l1b, lIa 1<0T]eHO, H8 T]06 - J1.0 Tex nOp, nOKa OH ne nOJJ.CT8BJISIeT
CBoe eJ\HIICTBeHHO YH3BHMoe MeCTO - 6eJ\po - H He nOrl!6aeT.
26
3TH .l\Be pa3."H4HbIe I<OUUem.lHH .l\OIJOJ1I1I1IOT OJ\Ha i!pyrylO .
CKa304Hoe KOJIeco y oceTIIH H npa3J\Hl!4HOe KOJ1cCO y Ka6apJ\HH'
UeB HMelOT 4epTbI, HanOMHHalOl.l\HC HaM HapOJ\lIble cuellbI, YIJOMIIUY-
TbIe BbIaJe, B 4aCTHOCTI! Cl\eHY B 6acc-KoHue. KOMCO l3aJ1cara no
BIfJJ.Y H no Ha3HalJeHHIO - COJIHeQHOe KOTJ:eco. HeKorll.a OHO, B03-
MO>KHO, COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO B MH<t>ax KaKOHTO lIaCTH pHTyaJIa np"
COJIHueCTORHHH. ::ho npeJl,nOJI01KeHHe CTaHOBHTCH nOqTH YBepeH-
IIOCTblO 6..aro.l\ap TOMY q:,aI<TY, 4TO B OJ\HOM H3 OCeTHHCI<HX Bapll-
allTOB 0 cMepTH COCJ1aHa 27 K0J1eco-y6I1Hua Ha3Ball0 KOJ1eCOM He
l3a."cara, a «OTUa OiiHOlIa» (TO eCTb 110a.Hlla) H I< TOMy}!(e OHO
CJ1Y}!{HT «OTLlY 110aHUY» - «<I>bI.I\ l1yaHe», Hlla4e rOBopll, KaI< no
J\aBHO y>I<e OTMCTHJ1 Bc. MHJ1J1ep, 110alll!Y KpeCTHTeJ110 ".
He oTpHuaH H3JIHlJHSI 3THX COT]He'-lHbIX qepT, HO paccMaTpHBaH
illmmell, CCKf, V. 2, 1871, c 9-12).
(naMTHHKD, I, c. 46-50; B. n<jJa<jJ.
21 JJH, N. 29.a (Ll3.
2'1 TaM }Ke.
23 JIH. N2 29-8, C
c. ]73-174).
:;It JIH N9 29-8 (TIaMfl7HHKH, I, c. 4(J-50).
2.'i JIH: 1'(1} 29 (J1onaTHllcKHH. CMK. XII, I, I. 1891. c. 45-46).
2G BapHBHT JlH, N2 29-c (TIcpacp) - npOMe1KYloItHb!H MC>K.QY
1I.epKeCCKoH oepcHflMH.
" JJH, N. 29.c (n<jJa<jJ)
.. Bc. !\I.HMop, 03, II, 1882, c. 285.
CCK. I. 1871,
oceTllnCKOH H
i8
HX KaK BTopwlHble, E. M. lvleJleTl1HcKHfJ nbITaJICR CBeCTH 06pa3-
COCJIaHaC03blpbII<0 K THny, KOTOpbIH 3THOliorH H.a3bIBaIOT «KYllb-
TYPHbIM repoeM» 29 H 1<0TOpOro YtIeHbIH-MapKCHCT OTHOCHT KO Bpf'-
MelIH CaMO" 3J1eMeIITapHOH q:,OpMbJ 06Il\eCTBa. npHBeJ\eHHbIe HM
aprYMeHTbI He l<a>KYTCR MHe y6e;1.HTeJlbHbIMH. KOHeqHO. 1<0rD,a
KO.1eco npec."ei!yeT COCpbIKO, repoii 06paIl\aeTC K .l\epellbliM pa3-
Hbrx BHJWB, npocR, qT06bI OHH nperpa,D,HJIH nYTb Bpary, H Tex, I<TO
OTK83b1B8eTCR, npOl<JIHH3eT, 06pel<3H H3 pa3JIHQHble He.l10CTaTI<H BO
BHell1HOCTH HllM B >KH3HH, Ha K3lJeCTBa. KOTopble fIX .Ht' !,r , i BJHeJ1b-
no xapaKTepH3YIOT. l1 Tal< JKe. pacnpOCTepTbIH Ha 3eM.1]l' i)JLl.OM co
eBoeH OTpe3aHHOH HorOH, OH >Ke.1aeT pa3HbIM 3BepHM - B 33BHCH-
MOCTH OT Toro, nopbIBalOTCH OHH eCTb ero nJIOTb MJIH HeT,- pa3-
..1HqHble HenpHHTHble HJIH llplfHTHbIe CBOHCTBa, 1<0TOpble HX H B C3-
MOM J1.eJle OTJIHIlaIOT. Ho Be,Db 3TO He 60'lee KaK qaCTO BCTpeqalO-
lU.HHCR B CKa31<ax MOTHB, BOCXO.l1Rlll.HM, HaCKOT]bKO MO}KHO npocT]e-
,ll,HTb, I< caMbIM HCTOl<aM qeJIOBeqeCTBa, nOJIyqHBUlHH ll1HpOI<YIO H3-
BeCTHOCTb H HCnOJIb3yeMbIH BO Bee BpeMeHa BO Bcex BHlI.ax CJIOBeC-
HOCTH 0 BOJIllle6cTBe!
ECTb Bce JKe qepTa, Ha 1<0TOpOH MeeTHHCI<HH HacTaHB3eT
BllOJIHe 06OCHOBaHHO. Ho OHa npeKpaCHO corJIacyeTcR C COJIHeLlHOH
npHpOJJ.OH repOH, eCJIH TOJIbKO He npHnHCblB3Tb TeKCTaM 60JIbllle
Toii CMbICJ10BOH HarpY3I<H, I<OTOPYIO OHH HeCYT. COCpblI<O, no I<paii-
HeH Mepe y qepl<eCOB H aoxa3ueB, XOTb H He HMeeT npHMoro OTHO-
weHHH I< 3eM'leJ1.eJIbqeCKHM pa60TaM. He neqeTCH caM 0 pOCTe 3JIa-
KOB H q:,pyI<TOBbIX J\epeBbeB, Bce }!{e OTBOeBbI8aeT y BpareB pOCTKH
H Tex H J\pyrHX. HH}!{e 6YJ\eT UHTHpOBaTbCIi OJ\HO a6Xa3CI<Oe CI<a-
3aHHe, 1<3C31Olll.eeCH BHHorpa,UHoH JI03h1 H BHHa 30. Ho npHBe..l1eM
RKpaTue 1<363PJ1.HHCI<HH paccKa3, 3TO HaCTORIIlee MaJIeHbl<Oe npoH3-
Bell.eHHe, CTOJIh >Ke q'leHOpa3..1.e'lbHOe, KaK HCTOpHR nepce4JoHbI H
J],eMeTpbL OH 03ar."aMeH: «KaK C.YCbJpbII<O BepuYJ1 HapTaM
3epHa» 31.
C BepLllHHbI XapaMbI-ropbI 60r IJ."OJ\OpOi!HH TxaroJ1eJ\JK,
4YBCTllY", 4TO CTapeCT, peWHJ1 nepeJ\aTb HapTaM ceMeHa npo-
ca; 11.0 3Toro OH CeHJI ..l1'lR HHX caM. B l<a>KJ1.bIH HapToBcl<HH
KOTeJ1 OH 6pOCH.' no O)),HOMy 3epHY, KOTOpblH H npOH3BeJ1
ueJIbIH KOTeJI l<all1H (<<nacTbI»): «Kpenl<o xpaHHTe ceMeHa .3TO-
ro npoca. K3>K)],bIH roJ1. ceHTe HX, a nepBbIH 06MOJIOT HOBoro
ypO>KaR OCTaBJIHHTe H8 CT]eJ1.YIOllI.HH ro.l1». HapTbI He XOTeJIH
J\OBepHTb 3TO COI<pOBHl.l\e I<aI<OH-HH6Y.'\b O.'\HOI' ceMbe. OIiH
nOCTpOH..1H Mell.HbIH aM6ap H OXpaHHJIH era J1.HeM H HoqblO.
Ho 3a 3THMH ceMeHaMH COTHH 'leT OXOTH.."ICH, 60RCb BCTynHTh
B nOe.l1HHOI< c TxarO'le.l1>KeM, 331<JIRTblii Bpar qeOBeqeCI<OH
paJ1.0CTH EMbIHe>K, 1.J:Y.l10BHl.l.le c Te'lOM 3MeH H rOJIOBOH BeJIH-
29 MecTo IiBpTCKHX CK338HJ.jJJ B HCTOpHH :mOCB. B c(i. «HapTCKHH 3noc».
Op.Q>KOHHKHJ]..3e, 1957, c. 60, npHMe<I. I.
30 CM. c. 178-179.
" HK3, c. 34-36
79

KaHa. Ha ceii pa3 'lac ero HaCTaJl. Tpll HeAeJlU OH He TpO'
raJlC!! C MeCTa, '1T06b1 YCblnllTb 6AHTeJlbHOCTb HapToR 3aTeM
OAHa>KAbi 1I0'<b1O MOII\UblM YAapOM XBOCTa, npOH3BeAlllIIM
rpOM II MOJlHHIO, pa36HJI aM6ap, y6HJI CTOpO>Ka II y6e>KaJl,
YIIOC!! ceMeHa.
B OT'IaHHHH HapTbi 06palI\alOTCH K TXarOJlell>KY, 110 TOT
XOJIOJlHO OTBellaeT. liTO 3TO erG Y>Ke He K3caeTCR. I1x CQBeT-
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)],0 Tex nop. tIoKa OMH He 06"bHBJlHIOT, lITO H3 Bce rOTOBbl,
JllIlllb 6b1 BepllyTb nOTeplO. TorAa OHa rOBOpHT: CHa'laJla
Hall0 nepece'<b ceMb ropHblx xpe6TOB H 110iiTH 110 Toro MeCTa,
me <;'OJlHl1.e nOllHIIMaeTcH no He60CKJlOHY. OTclOJJ.a CJleJJ.yeT
rrepeHTH ceMbCOT peK AO Toro MerTa Ha He6e, rAe conHue
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MOpli H ceMb 60nblllHX - AO Toro MeCTa, rJJ.e COJlHl1.e cnYCKa-
eTCH C He6a: TaM KpenOCTb EMblHe>Ka.
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HOB, HO HH OAHH 113 HIIX He B03BpalI\aeTCH. B 3TY nopy H3
JJ.anbHHX CTpaHCTBHii no 6eny CBeTY npHe3>KaeT C3YCbIPblKO.
OH Y3HaeT 0 TOM, '1TO CJlY'IHJlOCb, CaTaHeii nOBTopHeT eMY
YCJlOBHH noxol(a, H OH lie KOJle6J1HCb ye3>KaeT OAHH. C no-
MOblO cBoero MYl(pOro KOHli OH l(06HpaeTCH l(0 BepllIlIHbI 011.-
HOH ropbl, KOTopali BHll.Ha C orpall.bI BJlall.eHHii BenHKaHa
3a Heii Ha6nlOll.aeT HapTOBCKali AeBYlllKa, KOTOpylO EMblHe
nOXHTHJI H 33CT3BJIHeT COo6IlJ,aTb eMY 060 BeeM, IlTO JleJIaeTCH
Ha paBHHHe. aHa H3BelI\aeT X0311HHa 0 npIl6J1H>KeHIIII HapTa,
HO EMblHe>K npOAOn>KaeT naxaTb nOJle, nHlIIb npHKa3aB Ae-
BYlllKe oTpy6HTb Y Bcall.HHKa rOJlOBY II HaCall.HTb ee Ha '1a-
CTOKOJL
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r)].e ceMeH3. a HMeHHO B MeIllKe; MelliOK EMblHe1K BemaeT H3
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pm eMY: «nOKa EMblHe>K >KHB, Tbl HH'Iero He CMO>Kellib Cll.e-
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'1YAOBUlI\e. .D.Ba>Kl(bI EMblHe>K JI>KeT, HO Ha TpeTHii pa3 '1YAO-
BHlI\e, ""KorAa H HUKoro He JlI06HBlllee, B KOHl1.e KOHl1.0B YCTY-
naeT BKpal('1HBblM ynpeKaM l(eBYIliKH H rOBopHT npaBl(Y: AYllla
era 3aKJIIOtleHa B era TpeHorOM KOHe, KOTOpbIH pOll.HJICH OT
'1Yll. ecHo ii K06b1J1Hl1.bI no HMeHU Txo>K, U3 Ta6YHa o:\Hoii CTa.
PYXH, >KHBYlI\eii B Me>Kl(YMopbe; nOKa HeT Ha cBeTe KOHli 6bI-
CTpee era TpeHororo, EMbIHe>K Hen06el(HM...
.D.eiicTBoBaTb HaAO 6blCTpO, nOTOMY '1TO, eCJlH '1YAOBHlI\e
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Ha. Ii C3YCblPblKO, npH6erHYB K BOJlllle6cTBY, KOTOPOMY Ha-
80
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c6paCblBaeT IIY1l0BHIlle B nponaCTb. B3BHBaeTCR MO.,'UlHH: 3TO
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c06paHHii 011 BpYtlaeT HapTaM CeMeH<L npa_L'UIHI{. naXOTa,
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6 3aK. 772
81

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J\ep30cTu, YMY, JlOBKOCTH, npeJ\ycMOTpHTeJlbHOCTH, a TO, '1TO npeJ\-
MeT, KOTOpblil OH OTBoeBbiBaeT J\JlR HapToB, HMeeT paCTHTeJlbHYIO ,
npHpOAY, xapaKTepH3yeT cneI\H3J1H3av.HIO repOH He 60J1ee, '1eM no-
xHllleHHe H6J10K fecnepuA rOBopHT 0 TOM, '/TO fepKYJlec - BJlaCTe-
JlUH IpPYKTOB HJlH nOKpOBHTeJlb IOHOCTH. K TOMY >Ke B oceTHHcKoil
Tpaj:lHLlMH OTBoeBaHHe npe,nMeToB liJIM JIMlJ; - He HCKJlIO'lHTeJIbHoe t
a 06b1'1HOe J\eJlo COCJlaHa-C03bIpblKO, CTOJlb >Ke '1aCTO npaKTHKye-
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Hoil npHpoAe. C J\Pyroil nopoHbI, paMKH paccKa3a HanOMHHalOT 06
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nOXHTlWO HapToBcKYro JleBYlllK)' Ii ceMeHa 3JI8KOB. KOTopble BCJIe.a.-
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1p0HaMH (IV, 13 H 27)32: noc,'eJl.HHe xpaHHJlH 30JlOTO, KOTopoe
nepBble - KOHe'lHO, 6J1ar<J,;\apR CBOHM BOJlme6HhlM KOHRM, H60
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y MHX OTHHTb.
a TaKoM me - He 6ecnpe.n.eJlbHOM - MorYllleCTBe CBHJ\eTeJlbCT-
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emerOilHhlX >KepTBOnpHHomeHHi\, nOTOMY, "TO COCJlaH-C03h1phlKO
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30JlOTO CK1UlJOB, CM. SblIUe, c. 17 (329). c. 194 (pHC. 184 8 UBeTe, c. 109).
82
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.:tJ «Loki», c 230-232.
" 03, II, 1882. c. 261.
35 YTsep}j{,AcHHC OWl\OOIH/O.
,. 03, II, c. 285.

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BOpHTb co CTapO>KHJIaMH, KOTopble POJ\HJIHCb npH B3b1qeCTOe (HC-
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CTa HJIH C PO>KJ\eCTBOM Eoropo.ll.HubI 8 ceHTB6pH), .lI.pyroH B .etIb
3HMHero COJIHueCTOBHHB (cp. PO>KJ\ecTBo). Oc06eHHocTH 3THX .lI.0Yx
rrpa3J\HHKoB Tpy6eUKoH 3a6b1JI. all npHnOMHHaJl TOJIbKO, qTO BO
BpeMH 3HMHero npa3JlHMKa M3peM YKpalllaJIH .,leHT3MH H TKaHHMH
Ma.,leHbKoe J],epeBO, 01.1MI..I.t.eHHOe OT BeTBeH Jl,0 nOJIOBHHbI CTBOJIa, H
npHHOCH.11H ero B JlOM C neCHeH, npHneBaH: «BeJIHKaR M3pe. Ma-
Tepb Be.nMKoro Dora, JI.3H HaM nOKoH, JlaM HaM 60raTCTB. J],aH HaM
3.ll0pOBbe!» 3TO JlepeBO HoeHnO Ha3BaJlHe, B OCJIeJJ.HeH CPO HeMe
KOTOpOro Tpy6euKoH He 6b1J1 YBepeH: Sewsaraz HJlH Sewsaraz-
H KOTopoe. KOHe1.1HO, neOTJI,eJIMMO.. ar Sewsara-qOe; eCJUJ c.neJlY
npe.ll.nOqeCTb Sewsara-z - «CTapblH 39 C3Y3b1p" (qTO OnOJIHe Bepo
HTHO H60 JJ.pyrHe C01.1eT.aHMH He HMelOT CMbICJl3 nO-qepKeCCKM), TO
HCMO' QTO 3JleCb - BapH3HT HMeMH Sewsara-qOe 40. 3TO nOlHBep>K-
, .
38 Furst N. Trubetskoy, Erinnerungen an einen Aufentha.lt bei den Tscher
kessen des Kreises Tuapse - .:Cauca.sica», II, 1934, 2, Ennnerungcn an da
Heidentum, c. 7-10. 6 e TOJlb-
39 nO'lTlneJIbHOe Bblpa>KeIiHe. KOTopoe nO-'lepKeCCKH }'IJOTpe .'UleTCfI lJ
KO npHMeHHTeJlbHO K 4>H3HO'10rH'lecKoH cTapoCTH, npaBH.'JbHee Obl.'10 6bl nepe8e-
CTW <l:BeJIHKHH CJIanHblH C3Y3blp». .
. 40 HalJpH";ep 'lepKeCCKHe (UJancyrCl\He, a6a..'l.3CXCKIIC) pCJCl:Ka3b1. KOlOpblC H
('06 a fI B AHaTo..;HIt 0 npoe li3 pOllOI., Ha.JblBaeMOro y Occnm Dopa-7a': 3T)O
p . Bore q O e TO Bore-i. OTlfomeUHe :\.IC>K]1.V H\1CUaMH TaKOC me,
repoH HMCH}'IOT TO -, , -. . H "I t
KaK MC}K)l Scwsareq°E' SE'Wsara-z.. Tpy6eu.KOlt B IlHT _ CT. C ,npfl Ie ,
OTMeTHB YB03"10>KHYIO li)].Cf!TII'IHOCTb llBYX nMCH, IIpHJaB.1f1C1": «ll,\an h.lt.t
. d . B .. I ung d . ,ese s Narh' Z11 L'inc . m SOnl1l'I1'\vcndenntu..., \\8
v"le er cmc eZH:' 1 , . ..b d I' >
die Vermutungcn Durnezils «(LeclJdes __<jUT It,S ;\Jartc», e. 190) u ef en so arcn
Urprung des Sosrl1ko-rnythl1s slutzerJ konnte».
85

JI.aeTCH TeM, qTO CTapblM l(ap6eQ, KOTOpOra CnpOCHJlH 0 CMblCJle
l{epeMOHHH, OTBeTH.. Tpy6eI{KOMY: Sewsaraz 6b1J1o HMH qeJlOBeKa,
COTBopHBmero MHoro qYJ\ec H YMeBmero, HanpHMep, XOJI.HTb no
MOplO; HO OH B03ropJ\HJlCH, H 60r nOKapaJl ero, OTHHB Hory.
5ICHO, '!TO 3TOT Sews3raz, JlBmeHHblM HorH....c TOT >Ke qTO Ham
s o C "
ewsara-q e - OCpblKO, Y KOTOporo 1(0Jleco OTpe3aJlO OJ\Hy Hory
HJlH 06e; ero xapaKTep KOJlJ\YHa COOTBeTCTByeT TOMY, 'lTO caM H
OTMe'la,l B xapaKTepe COCpblKO B 1930-193] rr. y 'lepKeCOB H3-
MHTa. HaKOHel{, repxapJ\ JJ.eTepc, H3J\aTeJlb "Caucasica», npH6a-
BHJI K craTbe Tpy6el{KOrO npHMe'laHHe ", B KOTOpOM OH CCblJlaeTCH
Ha J\aBHee onHcaHHe npa3J\HHKa "Caocc3p3C» (sic!), J\aHHoe nYTe-
meCTBeHHHKOM Ta6y J\e MapHHbH, Ha6J1IOJI.aBillHM 3TOT npa3J\HHK B
1817 r". BOT 3TO onHcaHHe:
C30CC3P3C [Ca03apac (sic!) 6b1J1 BeJlHKHM nYTewecTBeHHH.
KOM, KOTOPOMY nOJ\qHHHJlHCb BeTpbl H BOJ\K OH oc06eHHo no-
qHTaJlCH TeMH, KTO >KHJI Ha n06epeJKbe],- aTO MOJlOJ\oe rpy-
llleBOe J\epeBI{O, KOTopoe qepKeCbI cpy6alOT B Jlecy H, 06py.
6HB BeTKH. OCTaBJIHIOT rOJIblH CTBOJ1; 3aTeM ero npHHocHT B
)lOM H nOIJHT31OT K3K 60>KeCTBo. nOllTH Y BceX OHO eCTb:
OCe!lblO? Kor.na OTMeqaeTCH ero npa3.l1.HHK 43, .llepeBO c 60JIb-
1lI0H TOpJKeCTBeHHOCTblO BHOCHT B J\OM nOJ\ 3BYKH pa3J1HqHblX
HHCTpYMeHTOB H paJ\OCTHbie B03rJlaCbI BceX 06HTaTe"eM, KO-
Topble n03JI.paBJlHIOT ero CO CqaCTJlHBblM npH6b1THeM. Ero
YKpamalOT MaJleHbKHMH CBeqKaMH H Ha BepxYlIlKe rrpHBH3b1-
BalOT rOJlOBKy cblpa; BOKpyr nbiOT 6Y3Y", eJ\IIT, nOIOT, 3aTeM
BblHOCHT era H CHOBa CTaBHr BO ABope, rJ\e OHO npOBOJ\BT
OCTBTOK rOlla, npOCTO npHCJlOHeHHbIM }{ CTeHKe 4S 6e3 K8KMX.
0<1H60 3HaKOB 601KeCTBeHHOCTH. OHO - nOKpOBHTeJIb CTa.n., H
y Hero eCTb eille J\Ba 6paTa.
KpoMe TOro, B qeCTb C'YCbIPblKO eJKeroJ\Ho CnpaBJlHeTCII TPH3-
Ha. 51 Be 311alO !lH J\aTbi. HH nOJ\p06HOCTeM ee, HO OJ\Ha llIarrcyrcKall
HCTOpHH, coxpaHHBmaHCH B 4JOJlbKnopHblX apXBBax MaMKona B
coo6IIleHHaH Mile JlI06e3BO ACKepOM M faJI.araTJleM, paCCKa3b1BaeT
o B03HHKlloBeHHH 3Toro 06b1QaH.
1.lepKeccKoro BC3J],HHKa 3aCTHr.,la HGlIb. OH CneIUHJlCH,
Y.1erCH Ha KypraHe H 3acHyn. OKa3anOCb, qTO KypraH - MorH-
Jla CaYCblpbIKO. Ho%1O rrYTH"KY npHCHHJlCH COB. .
41 u'HT- CT., c. 8.
42 Jan Potocki, Voyage dans les steppes d'Aslrakhan el du Caucase, edite
par Klaprotl1. P., 1829, II 309. 3TO OnHC311J1e 60Jlce "JIJI Mcnee 6YKB3JIbHO
BOCnp0I13Bo.lHTCH (je3 YK.a...diHSl HCTo<jHHKa Ii B KHHre Du Bois de Montper-
reux, Voyage .autour du Caucase, )B39. J. c. 137.
43 B caMOM )1eJIe, Mbr BH.LlelH, 'JTO Tpy6('L{KOii co C'JOB CBoero Hn4>opMaTopa
OTMe'laeT Apyroii, JleTH"ii npa3HHHK M3peroL 15 lBrycTa? 8 ceHnl6pH?
44 nllfm 113 "poes.
45 K 3a(jopy - no C}JOnaM J1.11 Bya .Q.C Mouneppe.
1!6
CaYCblpblKO! - n03BaJl KTO-TO.
I..JTO TaKOe? - CKa3aJl C3YCblPblKO.
npHXOJ\H, y HaproB rrHp
- l(aK MHe rroihH? Y MeHH rOCTb,- CKa3aJl CaYCblpblKO.
He3H3KOMeu nOllO>K)J.3J1 HeMHOrO? 33TeM CHOBa n03B3J1:
C3YCblPblKO'
- 4TO TaKoe? ,
_ OHIt \ K338JIH: «nYCTb npHJleT CO CBOMM rOCTeM»
- Pa3 TaK, rrOlIJ\eM, rocTb! - CKa3aJl CaYCblpblKO " rro-
BeJi BC8.D.HHKa C C060H.
1(0rJ\a OHH npH6bWH, HapTbi c"J\eJlH 3a CTO,'0M, eJlH H
nHJlH. OBH rrpHrJlaCH..H rOCTH H rrocaJ\BJlH era, BO CaYCblpblKO
CTOH",l npocTo OKO.ao HHX. H OHH He Jl8J1H eM)' HH eCTb, HH
nMTb. KorJJ:8 Bce H8CbITHJ1HCb, OH noeJl HeMHoro OCT8TKOB nH-
lIlH co CTOJl3.
OHH CO BcaJ\HBKOM BepHYJlHcb K KypraHY.
- l(aK aTO MOJKeT 6b1Tb? - CrrpOCHJI rOCTb y C3YCblPbl-
KO.- Bo BceM c06paHHH, me Mbi 6b1J1B, He 6b1J10 HHKoro J\O-
cToHHee Te6H. HO Te6H He nOC8J1,HJlH 33 CTOJl...
_ 51 CKa)!'V Te6e nOqeMY. Ha 3eMJle H3 HapTOB H OCTaJl-
CH noc.neJl,HHM.- H nOCJ1e MeHH He 6bIJIO HHKorc:. KTO 6bl cnp3-
BHJI no MHC nOMHHKH (bede's' «)].OJIH nOKOHHHK3»; no-pyc-
CKH - «nOMHHKH») BOT nOlJeMY OHM T8K BeJlYT ce6H cO
MBOM. CTyrraM no cBoeMY J\eJlY. Ho no B03BpaIIleH"H 06"bHBH
«TPH3HY no C3YCblPbIKO» H npHfoToBb .lI..llH MeHH HeCKOJlbKO
CTOJlOB.
I..JepKeccKHH Bca;tHHK oTnpaBHJlCH TYJ\a, KYJ\a c06HpaJlCH.
no B03BpaIIleHHH JKe AOMOM OH npBTOTOBHJI rrHp J\JlH C3YCbI-
pbIKO 6pOCH.ll KJlH1.1 0 rrpHfJlarueHHH, It Bce H81l3.11H eCTb. C)].e-
Jl8B ce 3TO lleJIOBeK nomeJl H8 KypraH H JIer. 'lTo6bI 3a-
CHYTb. KaK  B nepBblM pa3, HeKHM raJloc n03BaJl CaYCblpblKO.
- 4TO T3Koe? - CnpOCHJI OR.
Y HapToB 6paJKHHqaHbe, npHXO».H! - cKa3aJl roJlOC.
- Y MeHH fOCTb.
- BeJ\H rOCTH C C060M!
CaYCblpblKO nome.. BMeCTe CO BcaJ\HBKoM Ba 6paJKHH-
'lallbe HapTOB. Ha ceM pa3 HX nOCa"'-HJlH 060HX, H CaYCblpblKO
M rOCTH H8 nOlJeTHOe MeCTO. Mx XOpOlllO npMHHJIH.
T3K: rOBOpS:rT. qepKeCb1 yCT8HOBHJIH 06bIlJ8H nOMliH3JIbHOrO
rrHpa no CaYCbIpblKO.
Mor JIO JIH 6bITb. llTo6b1 310T >KHBOH nOKoHHHK";) He HHTepeco-
B8JICH Bel'HoH T8K me. J<8K .nl-'TOM. H ;I.,3>Ke 60Jlblile. OJlH3 K863p-
J\BHCKaH HCTOpHH, ony6J1HKOBaHHaH rro-TYP:UKH B 1935 r., B KO-
TOpOH paccK83bIB8eTcs:J CII3lJ8n3 B 06b1llnOH M3nepe 0 TOM, KaK
C3YCblPblKO 6bIJI HCK3JIeLJ:eH KOleCOM H K3K OH 6J1arOCJlOBHn
BOJIKa, KOH 1I3eTCH TaK 46.
4ti ima1i Kafkasya, fase. 16 (Bapwana. anrycT )935, c. 7, eT, 1).
87

HapT,! CKa3aIIH: «He ».aJ\HM C3YCb'PblKO YMepeTb B nOM
MHpe!» 11 OHH noxopOHHIIH ero rlIy60KO. Ho nOJ\ 3eMlIei\ OH
npoD.OJl>KaeT >KMTb. KOf.lla H8cTyn3cT BeCH3, OH noeT H3-nOJ{
3eMJlH:
He60 HaBepxy roJly6eeT,
3eMlIH HaBepxy 3elIeHeeT,
CeMb J\HeM HaBepxy
51 xo"y 6bITb cBo60J\HbJM!
51 xO'ly >KHTb,
1..:h06bJ OTOMCTHTb CBOHM BparaM,
l..ho6h! BblpB<l.Tb HX 33BHCTJIHBbIe
fJla3a!
rOBOpAT. '-ITO B Ha'la.f!e Ka>KJlOH BecHbI TaK CJIblmeH ronDe
CYCb!pbIKO.
Ho caM OH He B CMJIax BbIHTH H3-nOjt 3e!\UIH.
BnOCJleJ\CTBBH J\pyme BapHaHTbl 3TOM neCHH 6bIJlH ony61IHKo-
BaHb! no-pYCCKH H nO-'IepKeCCKH. B KBHre «HapTb!, Ka6apJ\HHCKHM
,iIIOC», 1951, cueHa HaCTynIICBH!! BeCHbI onBCbIBaCTC!! npocTpaHHo 41 :
COCpyKO m06HJI >KH3Hb. OH nOJlJ06HlI ee ell\e KpCn'le, IIH-
IlIHBWHCb 06eHX HOr. OH 3HalI, '11'0 Bce paCTeT H 06HoBlIHeTcH
Ha 3eMlIC, H CKa3alI [-CBOHM y6HMUaM1:
- OTHeCHTe MeHH TyJ\a, rJ\e Bce pacTeT H 06HoB'lHeTC!!!
Ho 31I06Hble HapTh! H 0J\HorlIa3bIe BelIHKaHbI HeHaBHJ\eJIH
>KH3Hb. n03TOMY OHH J\YMaIIH, qTO TOIIt-KO B CTpaHe MepTBbIx
Bce pacTeT H 06HOBIIHeTCII. OHH 3apbIlIH COCPYKO >KHBb!M B
3eMJlIO. npM)laBHJlH era TH>KeJlblM KaMHCM, 3acw:n3JIH 3eMneH
H B03J\BHr IIH orpoMHbIM KypraH.
11 C TOR nopbl KB>KJlblH rOJ] B TOT BereHlHIH J.1eHh. KOf.l{a
COCPYKO 3aKona..1M >KHBblM B 3eMJIIO, O}f{HBaIOT >KHBOTlIbIe..
peKH oCB06mKJ\aJOTCH 01' ,1e.ll.HHbIX OKOB. np06Y>KlIaJOTCH Tpa.
BbI H THHYTCH K CBeTY 3eMJIH.
H COCPYKO ell\e He paCCTalICH co CBoeM :WWOIJ. 011 )KHBeT,
Of{ TO>Ke TSlHeTCH K cBeT}' 3eM.il1L H KOI'Jla on BcnOMUHaeT
3eM..:no, KOTOpylO OH TaK JIIOOHJI, CHJlbI ero YJ1ecHTepHIOTcH. OH
pBeTCR H3Bepx, H3 CBeT, HO He MO>KCT CKB03n nOJl3e\1HYIO TOJI-
illY np06HTbCH TYJ\a, rJ\e BCe paCTe H 06HOBIIf!eTC!!,-- H He-
BOJIbHO JIblOTCH CJIe3b1 M3 ero rJI33. POllHHKH. 6blOIUHe H3
nOlIHO>KH!! rop KaBKa3a,- "TO ropJO'IHe CJle3bI COCPYKO. 6e-
ryr 3TH pOJIHHKH K J11OJ],RM. Ii B HX BJI3.>tUfOM rnYMe CJlbl.m3TCH
C.llOB3 :
---- Pa3 H He B CHJI3X nOMOQb JlIO)].HM, nYCTb HM nOMorYT
MOB ClIe3bI! 3TO roBOpHT COCPYKO, pO>K.lI.eHHbIM H3 KaMHH.
41 C 136-137 Bo BTOpOM H3l18HHH (1957, c, J47) H3y.t'liellhl ennen, KOTOI'hlf'
CJlHW3TCf!. B >KyplJaHlm PY'Ib€Jr 3TO Ma.TI€m,K3R 1109MB B JleOI'IH C'THX8X. nepeq,pa-
5HPYJOW3fl 8 peBOJlJOllHOIiHOM CMNCne crpOKH, npOtlH"mpOBflHHble BbllH(' C::JYCbl-
PWKO XO'ie-r B03BpOiTHTbCH 03 3eMJUO He TOJlbKO c ,-eM, 1JTO(iN OTOMCTIiTh "ia ce6H.
!fO H JVlf!. }C73HOB.1CHIUl p3nenCTo3 " cnpaOell..'1H80CTIl
88
E}KelYACKlirl 1KCT }f<a3106LI C3YCblPblKO C006ll1.l1J1 Mhe ACKep
ra.n.araT.nb_ BOT era 6YKBa.rlbHbll1 nepeBOLI.:
Ka>KJ],bIH pa3, KaK npHxOJ],HT BecHa,
B nopy, KorJ\a pacKpbIBaeTCf! 1I0nyx
H C.,lbIlllHTCfI KPHK nepeneJIKH,
TOT, KTO noJ], 3eMJIeH, C3YCblPbIKO HM rOBOpHT:
<KorJ\a He60 rOlIy6eeT
H 3eMJIR 3e.neHeeT,
[TOI.J\a], eCIIH 6bI, BCTaB Ha ceMb J\HeM
no OXOTe cBoeH, B 3TOM Hpe
H 6b1 Mor nOXOJlHTb,
(TorJ\a] r,la3a y BparOB MOHX
y Bcex 6b! !! BbIpBalI,
Bee, I-ITO eCTb Mpa'lHOrO Ha 3eMJle,
H pa30rHaJI 6bl!»
JIJOlIH rOBOp!!T, '11'0 C"YCbIPblhO noxopOlIH,lH >KHBbIM;
Tenepb ell\e OH He MepTB:
no)], 3eMJIeH OH }f{HBeT.
B cBoeM MeCTe f! nOJ\p06HO rOBopHII 0 napaJlJlelIB3Me CYJ\bO
COClIaHa-CocpbIKO II «6alIbJ\pa npeKpacHoro», neqalIbHOH CYJ\b-
6bJ, nOj:lrOTOBJIeHHOII JJ,eMOHH1leCKHM JloKH. C KOTOpOH H HaqaJIHCb
HcnonpaBHMbIe HeCLJ3CTbH CKaH.ll.HHaBCKHX 60roB 48. 51 OrpaHH1.lycb
HanONHHaHHeM 0 TOM, liTO, HeCMorpH Ha 6JIeCTSllIlYlO aprYMeHTaLlHIO
Golden Bough, cYlI\eCTByeT He 60Jlee npHQHH pacrMaTpHBa r
6alIbJ],pa <spirit of the corn», qeM COCpbIKO: 6alIbJ\p BOBlIeqeH B
lIpaMY BelIHKoro BpeMeHH, IIecYlI\ero Bell\H, IIJOJ\eM H 60rOB K Ka.
TaCTpo<!Je, Ha CMeHY KOTOpOM npHAeT B03pO>KJ\eHHe, H 3Ta KOCMH-
qeCKaH J\paMa npeJ\BOCXHlI\aeTC!! JlHWb KpyroBepTbJO BpeMeH roJ\a.
B KOTOpoii BexaMH CJ1Y>KaT COJJHLleCTOHHMSL
ECTeCTBeHHO, OJlMaKO, ':ITO 6JIarOJleTe.,lbHoe B03JJ,eiiCTBHe H OA-
Horo H J\pyroro repon rnHpe 3TOM BelIHKOM, HO npOCTOM <!JYHl{UHH "
npOHBIIHeTCH nopoM B <!JopMax, KOTopbIe, BHJ\HMO, nOJ\TBep>KJ\aJOT
OCHOB3re.,lbHOCTb TOJIKOBallHH 'i>p33epa 49. Mbi BHJle.nH, lITO BeCHOH
H3 3eMJTH crpYHTCH c.ne3b1, KOTopbIe Ha TOM CBeTe JlbeT 1.fepKeCCKMH
C3YCbIPbIKO. KaK He nOlIyMaTb 06 06pa3ax «Gilfaginning» CHOp-
pH? 6alIbJ\p ynalI, Cpa>KeHHbIM, He KaK COCpbIKO, lIe B eJ\HIICTBeH.
HYIO 'I.l3CTb TeJIa, OCTBBlilYIOCH Yfl3BHMOH, 011 yna.11 nOJl YJlapOM
pOCTK3 OMeJlbI, el{HHCTBeHHoro H3 CYIlleCTB. nOllBH>KHblx H Heno-
.llBH}f{lIbIX, KOTopoe He J],aJIO KJUITBbl ero He y6HB3Tb. H BOT
48 TaKOli<'l leMa !>wdi 1{f-hhl1 <dloKI1» (HeM€"ltKOe H3..'l<:iHHe B.bIUelllliee H 195Y r.
1:1 3TON OTHOlllellHH CH1bHO nepepa60TaHO); cp «OOfll repM3HueB» («Lb dielJx
des Gennains». 1959), rl III (<<1IaM3 MIiPn»); aHr.llltHCKOe HCIJpaBJleHflOe 1f3.Q0i'
liMe (!:Gods of the Ancient Northmen»,- University of California Press. 1973.
+9 3TO 3<iK.!IIO"leHHe 6bl.'JO c.v;eJlaHO 13 «Indo---=Iranica» lMeJanges tJeor
Morgenstierne). 1964 (Balderiana miuora, 3. Les pleurs de toutes Je dlt)se
et la rC5snrectioll ITIanqlJee de Balder). c. 70--72_
89

ria.1h_11' - B CTpalle XeJ1b, KYJ!a nonaJ!alOT MepTBble. nOCJ1aHllblH
o.e3)"TE'!IJHbJ M OTUOM 6aJIb.lJ,pa, O.llHHOM XepMO.D. CYMe.,1 )].06HTbCSI 01'
XCIb o6ew.allHH OCBo60.LLHTb Ea,]b.n.pa. eCJ1H Bee Belll.H 6e3 HCK.mo-
IleUm-{ 6y.'1.yr erG on'1<JKHBaTb. 11 npOH30111JIO IlYJlO: 8CH npHpOJla
lle.rnmOM nOKpblBaeTCH BO.lloii. BbIJleJIHeMOH B orpOMHOM KOJIHIJeCT-
BL,- YBbl, 33 O,EI,IIHM .HHUlb HCKJIlOlJ:eHHeM: CYXH rJIa3a KOJIJlYHbH.
h()1'OpaH HC KTO HHOii, K3K caM nepeo.n:eTbIH JIOKIL
CIIOppH YTO""lIeT 50: «[Bce nJ1aKaJ1H]: J11OJ!H, H 3Bepu, H 3eMJ1!1,
11 KaMHH, H .LLepeBbfl. lJ Bee MeTaJIJ1b1, KaK Tbr, JlOJDKHO 6bITb. BHJ],eJI,
lITO 3TH seWH n.la ' I}'T, KOrJla OHM BbIXOJJ,HT H3 Mop03a H nonaJJ,alOT
B CHJIbHylO )Kapy».
TaKoe Bblpa>KeHHe qYBCTB He MO>KeT 03HaQaTb 3JJ:eCb nallTH
IIII"ero .'\pyroro, KpOMe nepeXOl\a OT CypOBOH ceBepHOH 3HMbI K
..eTHeH nope - nope Bce06lI\ero pa3MOpa}/{HBaHHI!, norpy}/{eHHI! B
EecllY JJ HopBenm Ii I1cJIaHJl.HH. HOt nOBTopHIO. 31'0 TOJIKOBaHHe-
IIC nOBO1. CIlHTaTb Ea1b,.rl,pa «JlYXOM paCTHTeJIbHOCTH», npoTHB llero
5111 J!e "'p"C H I! caM B03pa>KaeM BOT y}/{e 60Jlee J!BaJ!uaTII JleT, H
aprY\lellTbI HalUH nO-npe>KHeMY B CHJIe. XOTH MHcpbI, B,lI,OXMOBJIeH-
IIhIe CMellorl BpeMeH ro,n,a, TO eCTb cpOpMOH }f{M3HH Ha 3eMJIe, H
'('{)(ICT3JOTCH HepeB,KO C MH4>aMH, nOCBHl.I.t.eHHbIMH LlHfWy CYl.I.t.eCTBO-
B3H1UI paCTem-iH. TO CCTb C TeM, llTO COCTaBJIHeT OCHOBHoe COJlep>Ka-
IHJe 3Toil cpOp.\1bl, Bee }f{e 3TO jl,Be pa3HOBHJlHOCTH; H eC1H nOJlGac
Me>KllY HHMH Ha6J1fO.D.aeTCH B3aHMOCBH3b. B3aHM0J1eHCTBHe, HHO-
rlla - B3aHMonpOHHKI-IOBeHHe, Bce }f{e OJ],HH MorYT 060HTHCb 6e3
..Jpynlx, H, CC..1H. HaKOHeu. H 1'e H JlpyrHe CTpeMHTCH 6bITb lllHpe,
BblH1'H 3a eBOH npeJl,€JIbI, 3TO npOHCXO)].HT B J],BYX p33HbIX HanpaB-
<1eHn"x: ncpBble MH<jJbl CYTb KaK 6b1 Ha6poCKH K KapTHHe KOHua
CBeTa. 33 KOTOpbIM, B03MO>KHO, nOCJIeJl,ye1' B03pO}f{JleHMe HJIM HOBOe
C01'RopeIlHC; BTopble, 3JIeB3HHCKHe, JJ:31OT Y1'elllHTeJIbHble CHMBOJIbI
eMepTH H cnaceHHH Ka>Klloro H3 Hac.
CpeiUf Cll.eH, HJIJ1fOC1'PHPYIOl.I.t.HX COJIHellHbIe CBOHCTBa COCJI3Ha-
COCpbIKO, eCTb OJ!Ha, npHBJ1eKalOlI\al! K ce6e BHHMaHHe, nOCKOJ1bKy
Olla, lIa;I,O no..'1araTb, )].aeT KoIlfOll K nOHHMaHHIO CHMBOJla OTMeqeH-
!-!Oro y CKHOB, He B CJIOBeCHOM TBOpt:l.eC1'B€, a B HKo'HOrpa$HH.
31'a 1'eMa qe1'KO BblpHCOBblB3eTCH B HallaJIe OllHoro CKa3aHHH qep-
KeCOB, npeKpaCHO H3BeCTHoro H oce1'HHaM 51.
Ol\Ha}/{J!bI, roBOpHTCI! B OJ!HOM Ka6apJ!HHCKOM BapHaHTe,
BO BpeMI! nOXOl\a HapTOB 3aCTHraeT TpeCKy'mH MOp03. OHII
cnpalllHBalOT .'\pyr y J!pyra OrHI!, HO OrHI! HII y Koro HeT.
B03Bp a lI\aeTCII Ha BpeMI! OTJ1Y'lHBIllHHCI! C'YCblpblKO. «Y Me-
HH orOHb BCCr.D.a C C060H»,- rOBopHT OH H pa3}f{MraeT orpOM-
HblH KocTep. Bee BOHCKO 6poeaeTcH K orHfO, HO C3YCblPblKO,
pa3J1.paMeHHbli'i T3KOH HeBbI)].ep}f{aHHOcTblO. pa30pHeT KocTep
50 Edda Snorra Sturlusonar (ed. F. Jonsen), c. 67; ...sva sem Ihl munt set
hafa, at pessir hlutir grata, pa ec pelf koma Of frosti ok i hlta.
SI J1H, oN':! 21-a-f, c. 7783 (21-a: Ka6ap.lt. BapHaHT - K AT<liKYKlfII, CE:Kr.
V, 1871, c 53-56: Kr, L 83.94 (c. 94-6H6AHorpa<jJllHJ.
90
H llIBhIpHeT ero OCT3TKl1 B BOllY. OllH3KO I-IapTbI MOJISIT 0
nOMOIllH. H oH CMeHHeT rlleB Ha MMoIl0CTb. «Y MeHH 60JIblllC
HeT OrHI!,- rOBopHT C3YCblpblKO,- HO I! BaM ero pa3J!06YJ!Y».
OH BCKaKHBaeT Ha KOHl!, B36HpaeTCI! Ha BeplllHHY ropbl Xa-
paM H, OrJIHJJ,eBlllHCb, 3aMeqaeT J],bIM, HJlYlIlHH H3 HeKoeH
CTapOH 6aIIlIiH. C3YCblpblKO nOJJ3KOM, 6eCIllYMHO nOJ!6HpaCT-
CI! K J!OMY: 3TO >KHJ1HlI\e Be,lHKaHa (yanaz), rJ!e TOT cnm,
CBepHYBIllHCb KJ1y6KOM, nOJ!06paB Horll K r0J10Be. nocpeJ!1I
31'oro }f{HBOrO KOollbLla ropHT orOHb.
CJ1eJ!YI! COBeTaM cBoero KOHl!, C3YCblpblKO J10BKO BblKpaJ!blBaeT
11'3 KOCTpa rOJIOBelliKY. 3a1'eM OH CKaq€T ceMb JJ:HeH H ceMb HOlleH,
HO no.ll KOHeLl pOHHeT rOJIOBelllKY; ee nOJlXBaTblBa€T BeTep, OTHO-
CHT 06paTHo H 6pocaeT Ha KOJ1eHO BeJ1HKaHa. TOT npOCblnaeTCI! H,
He BCTaBaR e MeCT3. npOTHfHBaeT PYKY H Ha 0l.I.t.ynb CXB31'bIBaeT
060HX - KOHl! H BcaJ!HHKa. fepolO nOTpe6yeTcI! Bce ero xmpo-
YMHe B COqe1'al-lHH C fJlynocTblO BeJIHKaHa, qro6b1 BbIBepHYTbCH
HeBpeJ!HMblM.
3aKJ1IO"eHHe:
Kor,J,a C3YCblpblKO BepHYJ1CI! K HapTaM, olin CTOIIJ1H CKY"UB-
IllHCb. Te, KTO 6b1J1 HaBepxy, 3aMep3J1H, Te, KTO 6b1J1 BHH3Y,
38J1,OXHYJIHCb. .ll.nH Tex. KTO OC1'aJICH B }f{HBbIX, OH pa3}f{HraeT
KoeTep. 3aTeM OH B03BpaIllaeTCH C HHMH Jl,OM0I1.
B HeKOTOpblX BapHaHTax caM C3YCblpblKO, lT06b1 HaKa3aTb
HapTOB 3a J!ep30CTb, Ijbl3bIBaeT MOp03 52. B J!pyrHx -)).0 1 oro, KaK
OH 6epeTCR 33 nOHCKH H HaXO)].HT orOHb y BeJIHKana, OH c6HBaeT
CTpeJlOH Ha 3eMJIIO 3Be3JlY, HO orOHb, 33>K}f{eHHbIH elO, ropHT He-
.llOJIro 53. Bo BCHKOM CJIYllae, .aa>Ke B oceTHHcKoH BepcHH, KOTopaH
He COJlep>KHT TeMbI BeJIHKaHa, CBepHYBlllerOCH KOJIbLlOM BOKpyr or-
HI!, l\eHCTBHe npOIlCXOJ!HT B CypOBYIO 3HMy, cpeJ!H HenpOXOJ!HMbIX
cyrp 060B 54.
BOT KaK B Ka6apJ!HHCKOM BapHame, nOMelI\eHHOM B «HapTbI,
Ka6apJ!HHCKHH 3noc» (K CO}/{aJleHHIO, B pYCCKHX CTHxax), onHCblBa-
€TCI! BeJlHKaH. C3YCblpblKO TOJlbKO "TO nOJ!HI!J1CI! BepXOM Ha ropy
XapaMY 55:
BHJI,H1' - nollaMeHb BbICOKHii
B cepJ!Uc Kpyra nbl<'aeT.
To HHbDK O.D.HHOKHH,
MOII\HblM KpyroM cBepHYBIIlHCb,
CnHT, xpanHT, ro,lOBOIO
OneplllHcb ua KO.1eHH.
01apeI-l rOJIOBHelO,
POI' pacKpwT, lIe XB3TaeT
B lIeM nepeJ!Hero 3y6a,
A KocTep Bce nbI'1aeT
B cepJ!ue MOUjHOro Kpyra,
HH Ha MHf He cJla6eH...
52 JIH, N':! 21-b, c. 79 (Bap. a6a1l.3eXcKHH: A.H.,U,Ml'iKOB-TapacoB, 3KOHPfO.
22, 4, 1903, c. 34-35).
53 HK3, c. 78-
5 JIH, N2 21-c (D.3. lllaHaeB. CCKf, VII, 2, 1873, c. 1-4, naM5ITIIUKH, L
1925, c. 76-80).
oc HK3, c. 78-79.
91

A6x33CH3H BpCHH 6J1H3K3 51 qepKeCCK0I1- B HeH H C6m311
3BC3,lJ,2, II BeTJHKall-KO.:1bUO 56:
C3TaHeH, >KeJl3H H3K333Tb HapToB. OCHop6HBIllHX CaCpblK-
By, BblMO,lHJla Y DOra, qT06b1 OH HHCnOCJlaJl HM BO BpeMII
nOXO!\3 oTBpaTHTeJlbHYJO noro1\Y: 1\O>K1\b CTDalllHee JlJ060ro
rp3l\3, BeTep CTp31llHee JlJ060ro BeTp3. J].06PbrH CacpblKBa OT-
npaBHJlCH, qT06bI npHCOe1\HHHTbCH 51 HHM H nOMOQb.
CacpbIKa exa B ropax !lBOe CYTOK. IlleJl CHer, BeTep
J1.y.J1 C TaKOH CH..'IOH, 1JTO, KB3aJIOCb, ropb! 06paTHTCJ:I B npax.
A KOrtia npOHCHHJlOCb, CacpbIKBa YBHl\eJl CBOHX 6paTbeB.
OHH >KaJlHCb l\pyr K l\pyry TaK TeCHO, QTO MO>KHO 6b1JIO Ha-
6pOCHTb Ha HHX OAHY llIanKy. Bopol\bI HX 06POCJlH CocYJIbKa-
MH, H COCYJlbKH KaCaJlHCb 3eMJIH. OHH norH6aJlH OT XOJIOAa.
- 4TO C BaMH? - CnpOCHJI CacpblKBa 6paTbeB.
OHH OQHYJlHCb, CJIOBHO OTO CHa, H 3arOBOpHJlH Bce pa30M:
CacpblHB3, 6paT Halll! MbI YMHpaeM! Mbi 3aMep3aeMI
CnaCH Hac!
- 51 C BaMH! - CKa3aJl CacpblKB3.- He 60HTecb, 51 3Aecb!
J1 nOl\YMaJ1: «tho >Ke l\eJlaTb? fl\e pa3!I06b1Tb orOHb Ha
3TOM rOJIOH 3eMJle?»
HaA HHM paCKHHYJlOCb IllHpOHOe He60, H 6b1JIO OHO ycbI-
n3110 3Be3l\aMII. OHII ropeJIlI TaK HpKO! «J1x cnaceT TOJIbKO
3Be3l\a!» - CHa3aJl npo ce6H CacpblHBa. OH lIaTHHYJl TeTIIBY
JlYKa, nplll.\eJlIIJlCH B caMYJO HPKYJO H3 3Be3l\ II BbinYCTHJI C"P e -
JlY. 11 C6HJI. CacpblKBa c611J1 "PKYJO, caMYJO HPKYJO 3Be3t1Y!
OHa yna,13 lIa 3eMJlJO, H3.1YQa" TenJlO H CBeT. HaCKB03b
npOMep31lllle HapTbi C06paJlHCb B KPY>KOK H CTaJlH rpeTbCR.
Ho KaK HII 6b1J1a HpHa II TenJla 3Ta 3Be3l\a, corpeTb HapT08
OHa He MOrJla. 11x Mor 060rpeTb TOJIbKO 3eMlloH orOHb!
CacpbIKBa ceJl lIa KOHH H BbleXaJl Ha rpe6ellb ropbl. BH-
J],MT - BbeTCH JlbJM. 11 OH noexaJI Ha 3TOT JlblM, pelllHB, liTO
TaM, rne eCTb It.bIM. eCTb H orOHb. Ho He TaK-TO npocTO OKa.
3aJIOCb AO orHH A06paTbCH. npHIllJlOCb CacpblKBe nepenJIbI-
BaTb 6ypHble peKH H npOXOAHTb rJly60Klle OBparH, npe>K.D,e
QeM OIl.\YTHJI OH TenJlO orpOMHoro KOCTpa, B KOTOpOM cropaJlH
l\a>Ke KaMHH.
Ol\HaKO nYTb 51 KOCTPY nperpa>Kl\aJI BeJIHKaH, CBepHY8-
IllHnc" TaK, QTO HOJIeHH ero K3CaJlHCb nOl\60pOl\K3. BeJlHKaH
cnaJl, H CacpbIKBa He CMor pa36Yl\HTb ero.
TorAa 06paTHJICH HapT 51 cBOeMy KOHJO C TaKIIMH CJIO-
B3MM:
DY.% IllYCTPblM, KaK 6eJIKa, a 51 cTaHY JlerKHM, KaK
nyx! I1 HapT pa30rHaJl cBoero KOHH D30Y H BJleTeJI B npa-
Boe yxo BeJIHHaHa, a Qepe3 JleBOe BblJleTeJl. Ha6paJl Cac-
pblKBa yroJlbeB H Y>Ke XOTeJI 6b1J1o npe>KHHM nYTeM B03Bpa-
.. npHKn., c. 140-141.
92
THTbCH 11333)],. Ho. K HeC1J3CTblO, 06POHHJI nbI..13fOIl.t.HH yro-
JI€K. Ii ..'IOXM3TOe B€JIHK3Hb€ yxo 3arOpeJIOcb.
3TOT rpOMBJlllblH KOCTCp. 3aKTJlOllCllllbjH B llYJ],OBHll.I,HYID Kpyro
()6pa3HYIO 33Il.t.HTHylO 060JlOIlKY, eCTb He liTO HHoe, KaK >KHBOnHC-
Hl:Jii 06pa3 BCHKoro 3eMHoro IICTOllHHKa Ten.,la, TaK me KaK B
.apyroM cJlYQae - nbl.1BJOIllHe KOJleCa BO BpeMH JleTHHX npa3AHH-
HOB. OH HanOMHHaeT TaK}f{e OJl,HH .lleKOpaTHBHblH MOTHB, pacnpo-
CTpaHeHHblH B CTenHX EBpa3HH. B «CH6HpCHOH KOJlJleKUHH neTpa
Be.nHKoro:» eCTb npeKpaCHblH oGpa3eLl BOnJIOmeHHH :noro MOTHBa,
.1;ITHpyeMblH KOHUOM VII B. .11.0 H. 3., He!I3BHO nOHa3aHHblH B pa3.
HbJX CTp3H3X Ha BblCT3BKe «30JIOTO CKHcpOB». BOT 1.JTO I1HllleT 06
3TOM MapHH 3aBHTyxHHa B pOCKOIllHOM KaT3JIOre 3TOi\ BbICTaBKH 51:
«!JJlHXa, cHa6>KeHHaH C 06paTHOH CTOpOHbI TpeMH HpenJleHHH-
MH, Mor,la CJlY>KHTb YHpallleHHeM IllHTa. (...) 3TO CBoem pOl\a 3M-
6.,leMa HCKYCCTBa CTeneH, OJlHH H3 ero C3MblX H3JIroGJIeHMbIX MO-
THBOB - "CBepHYBIllHHCH XHIllHHH". )l(HBoTHoe Jle>KHT HJly6KOM.
IlleH H TYJlOBHllle BblTHHYTbI H 06p33YJOT HOJlbL\O paBHOMepHoii liH-
pHHbI, HeCKOJlbKO CY>KeHHOe TaM, rAe 06p33yeT I"OJlOBY, nJleQO H
6eApo, HO He 3aMKHYToe.
Ha rOJIOBe C M3CCHBHOH qeJIroCTblO pacnOJIO>KeHbl H.a
ypOBHe B BHl\e PHl\B Kpyr JlhlX, YMeHblllaJOIllHXCH 3J1bBeO,1
rJla3 H H03l\pH, HOTopble, BepOHTHO, 6b1J1H HHKPYCTHPOBBHbI,
LKe K3K M, B03MO>KHO, nO..'1YOCKa.,leHHaH naCTb.
Kpyr .nblMH aJlbBeOJIaMH OKaH1.JHBaIOTCR H CHJIbHO CTH.,lM30BaH-
Hble JIanbl; 3)leCb, nO-BH)].HMOMY, TO>Ke 6b1.,la HM, KpYCTaUHH TaK >Ke
K3K H3 XBOCTe.
3TOT MOTHB - O,lJ,MH H3 HaH60JIee nonYJIHpMbIX B HCKYCCTBe CTe-
nei! y>Ke C nepBblX >Ke llIaroB 3TOro HCKYCCTBa. BpHA .1H Y Hero
6b1JI npeueJ\em Ha BocToKe. 3aTo BO BpeMH HeJ\aBHHX pacKonoK
B caMOM uempe .43HH, B ApbHHe, Ha TeppHTOpHH TYBbI, HaHl\eHa
60JlblllBH 6poH30BaH nJlaCTHHa C H306pa>KeHHeM cBepHYBlllerocH
XHIl.\HHKa, KOTOPYJO COBeTCHHe apXeOJlOrH J\BTHPYIOT VII HJlH J\a>Ke
VIII B. .11.0 H. 3. CJleAOBaTeJIbHO, Mbi HMeeM 3J\eCb BeCKHH 3pryMeHT
B nOJJb3Y Te3Mca 0 TOM, qTO HCKYCCTBO cTeneH, BO BCHKOM C.,lYllae
B HeKoTopblX CBOHX H3J1IOGJIeHHbIX 06pa3ax, pa3BMBaJIOCb He3aBMCH-
MO OT MOAeJIeH J].peBHero BocTOKa».
B KaBKa3CKOM CIO}f{eTe cYIllecTBo, cBepHYBllleecH B KOJlbUO,-
He >KMBOTHOe, a CTpalllHblH BeJIHKaH, HO KOMn03HLlHH 3JleCb Ta >Ke:
BeJIHKaH, .ne>Ka KOlIbLlOM, o6XBaTbiBaeT c060i'i rOpRLU.He yrJIH, 110-
l\06HO TOMY KaK XHli.\HHH Ha 6,lHxe OHpY>KaeT TY,loBHllleM CKOnJle-
HHe aJIbBeOJI, B KOTOpblX, BH)lHMO, HeKOfJl,a CBepKaJIH HHKPYCTHPO-
BaHHble KaMHH. .ll.eHcTBHTeJIbHO, caMbie KpynHble H3 TaKHX KaMHeH
COXpaHHJlHCb B l.\empe Hpyra. 11 eCJlH OHH nOMellleHbI Ha KOHU3X
JIan H XBOCTa, a He B aHaTOMHIJ.eCKH Ba>KHblX TOqKaX, 3HaqHT. HaJl,O
O.Ll.HOM
yxo,
TaK
51 Or des Scythes, Tresors des musees sovietiques (Petit P.alais, 8, odob-
re 21 desembre 1975), traduit par m-lle Veronique Schiltz, c. 191 (fig. 183,
en couleur, C 109).
93

6L1..10. GT06bI OHM naXO,lJ,H.I1HCb HMeHHO 3J1,eCb, HBHO H306pa1KaH He1.1
TO 3al\':TfOLJeHHOe B KO.'1bl.l.O. 110 'lY>KepOJl,HOe.
EiUIHCT80 H nOCTOHIICTBO 3BepHHoro CTH.:1R «CTenHbIX uapCTB»
HeocnopHMbI, HeCMOTpH HB 0l.I.t.}'THMble pa3JIHIIHH B 38BHCHMOCTH OT
BpeMeHH H MeCT3. BcnOMHHM, K3KHM p3cnpOCTp3HeHHblM H J\OJIro-
Be 1 IHbI\1 6b1.n MOTHB CKaLJYlIlero OJIeHH C BeTBHCTblMH poraMH, OTKH-
IIYTblMH Ha38,1J, no cm.lHe JlO caMoro XBOCTa: TaKHM 011 RBHJICH Ha
CBeT H3 Kp3CHOJ\3pCKOro Kypr3H3, OTIIOCHlI\eroCH K VII B. (T. e. H3
CeBepHOM K3BK33e 58), T3KHM }f{e OH npeJ\CT3eT nepe)( H3MH, H3-
BJIeGeHHbIH "3 TarapCKHX KypraHoB, HaCbInaHMblX HeCKOJlbKO BeKOB
cnYCTH H3 nJIOcKOropbHX MHHYCHHCK3 H Kp3CHOHpCK3 (T. e. B CH-
6HpH 59), 6.QH3 EHHceR, H T3KOll }f{e CTpeMHTeJIbHbIii, J\ep3KHii y6e-
faeT OH OT OXOTHHKOB B HapTOBCKHX CKa3aHHHX B HalliH HH.
l1.e.nb HaCTOHlllHX 3aMeTOK OJlHa: nOJlTBepJlHTb Ba>KHOCTb COJl-
He'JHoii, ce30HHoii CHMBOJIHKB B CBH3H C 06p330M Cocn3B3-C03b1-
pbIKO, He npeTeHJ\YH H3 ee HC'JepnbIB3101I\Hii 3H3nH3. B OTnB'JHe OT
E3Tp333 Y COCJI3H3 MY>KCKHe K3'JeCTB3 npOHBJIHIOTCR Be TOJIbKO
B nO.Q.BHrax: K3K MY>K'lHHa, OH onaceH JlJIH lKeHlIlHH. cTaHoBHlIlHX-
CH - no J\06poii nH Bone, HeT ,1H - uenblO MHorBX ero npeJ\npBH-
THft. 31'HM, HO TOJ]bKO 3TMM 08 nOXO>K Ha YaCTlJlPJl1KbI, «CBHToro
feoprHR», KOTOpblii HapH)(Y co «CBHTblM l1nbeii», BnaCTeJIHHOM rpo-
3b1,- O)(HH H3 rn3BHbIX repoeB HapO.ll.HOii MHcpO.QOrHB ocerBB. (...)
58 Or des Scythes, c. 134 (fig. 17; en coulers, c. 51-52). 0 MH4>OJIOrlJH O-Ile-
H.H B Eapa3HH CM.: Mircea Eliade, De Z.almoxis it GengisKh.an, 1970, r.'L IV
«Le pr(nce Dragos et la Chasse rituelle (pOJIb OneHJI B pe"U'HH; OXOTa Ita o.'I(!-
IHI B I1H.lIJIH; HH.n.oapHiiU:N, yrpo-cfIHHHIl, 3JJT3HUbI.; 38KJIJO"IH'I'C.TJbllblC 3aMClJ3fIHH),
C 60raToH 6H6JIHOrpaqmcn B CHOCKax, c. 54-102.
50 Or des Scythes. c. 190-191 (fig. 171, 172).
VIII. COCJIAH 11 KYXY JIHH
B cTaTbe, UHTHpOB3HHOii BbilIJe B CBH3H C EaTp330M I, ,?K03nb
fpHCBap YKa3aJI TaK/Ke Ha HeCKOJIbKO TOGHbiX COOTBeTCTBHH M€>K-
)(Y OCeTHHCKHM COCJIaHOM-C03b1pblKO H Bpn3HJ\ueM KyxynHHOM.
B 'J3CTHOCTH, B }f{H3HH BTopOrO cpHrypBpyeT KoneCO, Koneco}f{e
06pblBaeT }f{H3Hb nepBoro 2.
KyxynHH x3p3KTepH3yeTcH npeBMYlI\eCTBeHHO K3K repOM
KpyrJIbIH; MOTHB KOJIeCa, H3MeHHeMblH Ha pa3Mble JIaJlbl, CO-
npOBO}f{JlaeT ero KaK HeO'f'beMJIeMaH npHHaJl,Jle}f{HOCTb. B CBH-
3H C nepCOHa>KeM Hero nOJlBHraMH BblHBJIHeTCH lleJiaH TeMa-
THK3 KoneC3, HeCYlI\3H, 6eccnopHO, cMblcnOBYIO CPYBKUHIO.
L OJ\Ha H3 Hrp, BbIH","HlOlI\aH Hp'Je Bcero ero nB'J-
HOCTb,- TaK Ha3b1B3eMaH np06a CBn H3 Konece. Hrp3 cOcw-
HT B TOM 'lT06bI 6POCHTb B B03JlYX KaK MO>KHO Bbllll€ TH>Ke-
noe KOJIeo. B 3TOM ynpa>KHeHHH KYXYJIHH 6epeT Bepx H3J\
KOH3nOM H JI03repe, 6pOCHB Koneco TaK MOII\BO, «'1TO OHO
BbIJIeTaeT (H3 )(bIMOBOro arBepCTHH B KpblllJe) H n3J\3eT eH3-
PY}f{H, BO llBope, r)(e YXOJ\HT B 3eMJIIO lia rJly6HHy uenoro
JIOKTH» 3.
I CM. C. 66.
, r f. HCEa p , c. 336-668. ....
:3 Fed Bricrend (<<nHp EpHKPHY»), 64, ed. E WlOdlCh, Insch Texte I, 181,
286; nep. .n,'Ap6ya .n,e )l(106:=mBHJIJI (d'Arbois de Jubainville), L'epopce celhque
en Irlande, 1892, c. 124-125; 3TO roth-chless «Hl'p3 C KO,neCOM», O.ll.Ha H3 «chss»
(ausserordentJiche Kunststrickc Cuchulinn's»; «Ha cJIeAYIOlI.tee YTPO OHH BCT.aIOT
paHo H HAYT HrpaTb C KOJleCOM B AOM, r.n.e 6hWH MO'IO.n.ble 'lIO.n.H. lIo3repe 6epeT
KOJICCO II 6pocaeT ero BBepx, TaR qTO OHO AOCTHraeT 6aJlKH Ha nOJIOBHHe BblCOTbi
.lI.OMa. MOJIOAhle .'II0AH HaqHHalOT CMeHTbCH H rpOMKO npHBeTCTBOB.aTb ero. OHM XO-
TeJlR nOCMeJJTbC5I Ha.ll. HHM. JIo3repe no.n.YMa'J, "iTO mm 06'bf1BmiiOr ero no6eAH-
Te.neM TorA.a KOHa.TJ oepeT C 110.'18 KOJleCO H 6pacaeT era .n.o caMoro BhlcoKoro
MCCTa BO .n.Bopu:e. MOJlo.ll.bl.C JllOJUI rpoMKo npHBcTcTBYIOT cro_ KOHaJI no.n.YMaJl.
"ITO OHH KpH"I3T OT BOCXHlI.tCHHH H TeM 06'bHBJIHIOT 0 ero n06e.n.e. HO 3TO 6hwa
HaCMCIllK3_ KYXYJIHH JlOBHT KOJICCO, KorAa OHO ClI.te He KOCH}'JlOCb 3eMJlH, 11 6po-
caeT ero TaK CI1JIbHO, lJTO OHO BNJleTaeT ["3 OTBCpCTHH B KpblIlIe) Ii. na.n.aeT cHapy
)KH, BO ll.BOpe, r.n.e yXO.n.HT B 3eM'I1O Ha rJly6HHY u.CJ1oro .'IOKTH. MOJlo.n.blC JlIO.lI.H
CMelOTCH H KpHKOM BOCXHIl.{€HHH npOB03f''Iaw.aIOT no6CAY Kyxym-m.a. Ho OH no.n.y-
MaJl, liTO MOJlOAble .FJ.IO.lI.H .HaCMeXaI:OTCH ua.ll. HHM H "11'0 Hrp.a ero nOKa3.aJ!aCb HM
CMelllHOH».
95

HapTbi TaK>Ke HrpalOT B Hrpy C KOJICCOM, CXOI\HYIO C
ynpa>KHCHHRMH y"aI\OB: «...rpynna HapTOB KaTHJla 1\0 BCp-
WHHbI ("nRTHrJlaBOii" ropbl) KOJleco )l(aH Illcpx CO CTanb-
I1bIMII 3y6bRMH, a I\pyrHe HapTbI, CTORBWHC IIa BCPWHHC,
cnYCKa.'H cro no CKJlOIlY. COCpbIKO (C3YCblPblKO) 6bIJI BHH3Y.
Korl\a npHlllCJ1 cro qepCI\ CHOBa nOI\HHTb HaBCpx KOJlcCO, OH
CI\C_laJl 'TO, KaK II I\pyrHc, pYKaMH. Toma HapTbI, TC, qTO
6bIJIH Ha BCPWHHC, >KCJlaH cro nory6HTb, CTaJIH nOI\CTpCKaTb:
,,3, COCpblKO! DO.ll.6poCb 06paTHo KOJlcco rpYl\blO!" COCpblKO
C,D;eJIaJl. K8K OHH npOCHJIU. "nOJlGpocb era KOJIeHOM!" COCpbl
KO nOl\qHHHnCH. "Jl60M nOI\6pOCb'" COCpblKO 6C3 TpYl\a
CJICJI8Jl 3TO: B O.llHH Miff KOJIeco OQYTHJlOCb H8 oeplllHHe ro-
pbl. DOToMY qTO BeC TC.nO COCpbIKO, KpOMC 6cI\pa, 6bIJlO HC-
YR3BHMO. Do lIaywclIHIO cTapoii KO.nI\Y"bH (3aMewalOwei!
Cblpl\OIla) HapTbi npHKa3bIBalOT CMY oT6poCHTb KOJleco 6el\-
pUM, H B nblJlY HrpbI rcpoii 3a6b1BaCT 0 CBOCM CJla60M MCCTe;
Ko.neco pa3pOOJlHeT CMY 6Cl\po, H OH yMHpaCT 4 ».
3. B car «KYXYJ1HII CBaTaCTCR K 3MCp» CpCI\H npcnHTCT-
BHH, BCTalOWHX Ha nYTH rcpOR K 3aMKY CKaTax, ncpe.ll. HH
nOS:IB..'JHeTCH paBHHM8 HeCqaCTbH: «Ha OJlHOH nOJIOBHHe 3TOH
paBHHHbl JlIOI\H 3aMcp3a.'H, Ha I\pyroii nOJlOBHHC TpaBa 6b1J1a
CTO,l1. rYCTOII, qTQ Y.ll.Cp>KIIBaJla JlIOI\CH. KYXYJlHH nOJlYqHJI OT
80HH3 KOJJecO: OH J10JJ)Keu 6b1n npOHTH nOJlOBHHY paBHHHN,
Kal{ 3TQ KOJleco, IlTOGbI He 38Mep3HYTb 5; BOHH Jl8JI eMY T3K>Ke
H6JIOKO: KYXYJlHH I\O,'>KCII 6b1J1 npoiiTH no 3CMJlC, KaK npo-
lliJlO 6b1 3TO H6J10KO. TaK KYXYJlHH H36er onacHoi\ paBHHHbI,
KOTOpylO BCTpeTH.11 Ha nYTH CHoeM, paccT8BllIHCb C BOHHOM.
4, BTopoe CBHAeTeJ1b::'TEo, npUBOJI.HMOe flllicBapOM. 83RTO H3 HeonpelleJIeH'Horo
HCTO'lHHKa " HeRCHO no CMblC'1y. B «Tain:. pe':lb ".neT CBepCHH TOJJbKO «Book of
Leinster») 00 o!!.Hoil H3 rpHMac (delba - Q;4>OPM2I) KYXYJlHH3 (E. Windisch, Irische
Textl' 5, c. 153, 168, 349; nepeBo.n, Ha c. J52 H .nBJlee): «MaJJbliHK OT MaKywH
.D.O 3eMJJHJI (0 mulIllch cO talmain) npeo6pa3yeTcH B roth.mol. "JIll roth-mol.
I1.TIH roth.muaJ (If JIM -nualI)>>; roth-.9TU «KOJleco», HO liTO 03l1alJ:aeT B pa3Hbl.X
BapHauJ.lS1X BT(lPoe ul0no? CM. Windisch" c. 152, npHMel.l. I; nepeeoAbi JJ.' Ap6ya
.ne )f(}{)6H13Jf.'lsr - RC, 28. 1907, c. 256, 260, H 30, 1909, c. 81, HOCHT nOJlCHH'feJIb-
HblH X3paKTep Ii M8.nonpaD.D.Ono.n,06HbL ..
5 Tochrnarc Emire, ed. Kuno' Meyer, RC, II, 1890, c. 446-447; but roth
leiss ond odaich, araressed amaH an roth sin tar leth in maigi, 8rna rosecceath
nep. d'Arbois de Jubainville, u.nT. CO'l. B OCeTJ.lHCKOM CK3331IHH COCJJaHa-Cocpbl'
KO npecJleJJ,ycr caMO KOJleco no nOJlRM H neC3M. .
TEnJ/OTBOP51llJA51 11 J/Yl.JE3APHA51
06 UIiOUUCKOU TanaTU, JI.o.epu COlllilfa, Te3Ke 602UliU Ta6u-
TU - CKUcpCKOU BeCTbl, 8 «Maxa6xapaTe» paCClW3bt8aerCR UCTOPUR,
611U3KaJ! K TOU, .TO OceTUlib' C03aallU 0 JI.o.epu COlllilfa - BOllWe6-
HOU 3fCeHUfuHe no uJ.teHU Acy-ruxs - «GeepX'beCTeCTeeHHblU ceeT».
H nOCKOllbKY Y oceTUIi COlllilfe UMeeT npRMoe OT/ioweliue K OZIiIO,
oc06elili0 K 021<10 00.IWWlie20 0.a2a, BUaU.I<O, 3TO COBnaoeliue lie
c.IlyttaUHO.
3eOJl1OlfUR J npoilBeHHaR OCeTU1iCKUlf1. cKa3aHueM U e20 zepouHeil.
Y COCeOliUX liap0008, KOTOpbte UX 3aUMCTBOBallU, UIiTepeClia OllR
UCTOpUU cpOllbKllopa: -lia 3TOM npUMepe Mb' 8UaUM, KaK TpaoUlfU-
OHHall UHTpU2a CTaHoeuTcR JlULUb ll.aCTblO Hoeou UHTPU2U. KOTOpaJl
CTpOUTCJ! BOKpY2 lieU38eCT/i020 B opU2Ulialle 3nU30aa, U noa.ac oa-
:>ice npuoan nep80lia.allbliOU TeMe 06paTliblU CMbICll.
7 3aK. 772

IX. TAnATM, TAEMTM, ALlbIPYXC
1
£JlH>K3HIllH npe.l\OK rJl3BHblX nepCOHa>KeH «Maxa6xapaTbI-
Kypy, .l\aBIllHH HM p0.l\OBOe HMfl, H caM HMeHHT: OH YHaCJle.l\OBaJl
CBoe np03B3HHe OT nepBoro l(apfl l(apeH, OCHOBaTeJlfl .l\HHaCTHH
AXeMeHH.l\OB. OT Toro, KOro rpeKH Ha3b1BaJlH Kyros. nocJle Hero
CQXpaHH.1!oCb HeCKOJIbKO nOJlJIHHHbIX nHCbMeH, H311epT3HHblX npH-
MHTHBHOH KJIHHOnHCblO, KOTOpOH TOfJla YlKe H31.13JIa nOJJb30BaTbCH
era MOJIO.ll3H K3HLleJIHpHH. H XOTH )].3TbI U.apCTBOB3HHH ::1Toro Hpan-
CRaro Kypy XOpOlllO H3BeCTHbI, 0 HeM, a HMeHHO 0 era «JleTCTBe»
CYll(eCTByeT JlereH.lIa, 3nHqeCKHH xapaKTep KOTOpOH OqeBH.l\eH -.:
repO.l\?T YBeKOBeqHJI ee B HeCKOJlbKHX npeKpaCHbiX rJlaBax CBoeH
nepBOH KHHrH. Hy, a HH.l\HHCKHH Kypy? DbIJI JlH H OH HCTO p Hqe.
CKHM nepCOH3>KeM?
MO>K€T 6b1Tb. HO JlJIH Hac 3TO JlHlllh HMR, npOCTO CJlOBO B Hr-
TOpHH p0.l\a; eMY nOBe3J10 .l\a>Ke MeHbwe, qeM ero KY3eHY nepCH.l\Y.
B 3noce He paCCKa3b1BaeTCfl HH 06 O.l\HOM nocTynKe Kypy, .l\eHCTBH:
reJlbHOM MJIH BblMbllllJIeHHOM, HIt 06 OJlHOH ero oco6eHHocTH. KaK
TO. 6JlO H C .l\PYHMH 3nOHHMaMH BeJlHKOro p0.l\a - nypy, EX3pa-
TOll, ..Bpa'leBaTeJleH H n03TOB 3aHHM3JI3 B OCHOBHOM JII060Bb pOJlH-
TeJleH Kypy H JlHIllb KaK CKpOMHblH pe3YJlbTaT ceH JII06BH - ero
nOHBJIeHHe Ha CBeT. OTCIO.ll3 TO, QTO n03TbI rOBopHT Ha celi CqeT
PHCYfl HaCTOSIIl(YIO cpeepHlO, HeconOCT3BHMO C cyry60 >KH3HeHHblM
3nH30.l\aMH, npe.l\BapflBIllHMH, no npe.l\aHHlO, p0>K.l\eHHe AXeMeHH.l\a
KHpa. BH.l\HMO, 60raT 6b1J1 Ca.l\OK paccKa30B. .l\OCTaBIllHHCfl HCTO-
pHKaM I1H.l\HH H nepcHH OT HX 061l(HX HH.l\OHpaHCKHx npe.l\KOB
eCJIH Jl3>Ke CTOJIeTHH cnYCTH 3TH HCTOPHKH. JI,3BHO >KHBlllHe B OT
pbIBe .l\pyr OT .l\pyra, MOrJlH nOqepnHYTb H3 Hero .l\Be paBHO naTe-
THqHble, HO COBepweHHO pa3Hble nOBeCTH. 1160 B 060HX cJlyqaHX
MbI HMeeM .lleJJO HMeHHO C JlpeBHHMH, YHaCJIelloBaHHblMM MCTOpMH-
MH. OCTaBHB B CTopoHe KHpa, H 6epycb nOKa3aTb 3.l\eCb qTO 6paK
OTl(a H MaTepH Kypy, CTpaHHblH 06pa3 H C3MO HMH 'nOCJle.l\HeH
npHMbIK8IDT K TpaJlHu.HHM. OTMeqeHHblM B OTJlaJIeHHOH qaCTH HpaH-
CKoro MHpa, y nOCJIeJlHHX nOTOMKOB CKHcpOB - KaBKa3u.eB oceTHH
BOT lITO 'lHTaeM B «KHHre u.apeH», coxpaHHBllleH nepBYIO neCH
«Maxa6xa p3TbI» '.
I KaJ1bxYTTcKoe H3,AaHHe, I, 171-173,6517-6633 (Poona, 160-163).
98
Kor.l\a raH.l\XapBa CHTpap3Txa Ha3BaJl cBoero c06eCe.l\HHKa
Ap.u>KYHY «TanaTbH». qTO 3Ha1.JHT «CblH HJIM nOTOMOK TanaTH». TOT
Y)].HBHJICH, 3HaH, qTO OH - «KaYHTeHH», I1HaIIe - «CblH KYHTH»,
cBoeH MaTepH. Ho KTO TaKaH 3Ta TanaTH. 01' KOTOpOH npOHcXOJlHT
HOBoe HMH? faHJlxapBa nOJlHOeTblO y.aOBJIeTBOpHeT 'I1060nblTcTBO
AP.l\>KYHbI.
TanaTH 6bIJIa JlOqepblO Toro, KTO HanO"IHReT He60 cBeToM. Ii
caMa oHa 6JIeCKOM CBOHM MOrJIa Cp3BHHTbCH C OTUOM. CJIeJlOBa-
TeJIbHO. TO 6bIJIa MJIa,lJ,lllaH ceCTpa CaBHTpH. H OHa 06na)].aJIa Bee-
MH Jl06pOJleTe.11RMH .D.YlllH H Tena, 3a60THJIaCb 0 eBoeM nJIaTbe TaK
:>Ke, KaK 0 eBoeM nOBeJ],eIlHH, H HeJIb3S1 6b1JIO HaHTH ell paBHblx HH
Cpe.l\H 60roB, HH cpe.l\H .l\eMOHOB, Hli cpel[H pa3Hblx .l\YXOB, HH .l\a.
>Ke Cpe.l\H nJleHHTe,lbHblX ancap. Ee QTeu COJlHue 6b1J1 pa.l\ TaKoMY
cOBepllleHcTBY. HO OHO CTaBH.,lO ero B 3aTpYJJ,HHTeJIbHOe nOJIO>KeHHe:
KaK lIaHTH €H .l\OCTOHHOro MY>Ka? K CqaCTblO, B p0.l\y, BeJ1.Yll(eM Ha-
qaJlO OT 51HTH H npH3BaHHoM COCTaBliTb cJlaBY naHJ1.aBOB, 6bIJI uapb
no HMeHH CaMBapaHa, nOKJlOHHHK COJIHua, HeycTaHHo npHHoCHB-
IllHH eMY caMbie npHHTHble >KepTBbI. 3THM OH 06paTHn Ha ce6H
BHHM8HHe 60>KeCTBa, H. nOCKQ1bKY OB 6b1JI K TOMY >Ke HtiJJ,eJIeH
BCHqeCKHMH J],OCTOHHCTB3MH M CHHJI cpeJLM JlIOJleiI, KaK caMO COJIH-
l(e Ha He6ecax, «TenJlOTBOpHll(HH (Tapana) peIllHJI OTJ1.aTb TenJl0-
TBOpHIl(YIO (Tapati) 3TOMY COBepIlleHHoMY U3peBHqy». Ho 6.13ro-
CKJIOHHOCTH 60rOB He BcerJ],a JlOCTaTOqHO )].JIH CBeprneHIiH nOJ],06HO-
ro C06bITHH. HY>KHbI ell(e B3aHMHoe BJleqeHHe cep.l\el( H HeKOTop3H
Y.l\3Qa.
Y.l\aqa me He H3MeHHJla CaMBapaHe J1.a>Ke TOr.lIa, Kom3 eMY
qY.lJ.H.,10Cb 06paTHoe. OJlH3>KJlbI, OXOTHCb B ropHOM JIecy, OH exaJI
TaK JlOJIro, qTO KOHb no.ll HHM naJl. EpoCHB KOHH, uapb nelliKOM
npO.llO.:l>KaJI nOJlHHMaTbCH B ropy, XOTH TOMHJICR OT rO.,10JJ,a H
>Ka>K.lIbi. BHe3anHO OH 3aMeTHn qYJ1.eCHeHIllYIO H3 .l\eB. aHa 6b1-
JIa OJlH3. H OH 6blJI Q:I.MH_ OCTaHOBHBlllHCb, OH JlOJIro B3Hp3JI H3
Hee: OHa K333JI3Cb «CHHHHeM COJIHu.a BO nJIOTH», OHa BCH CBe-
THJIaCb.
TeJIo ee CBepKaJIO, K3K orOHb, a 6JIaropO)].CTBO JlYllll1. OTpa>KeM-
Hoe Ha ee JIHue, H3BOJlHJIO H3 MblCJIb 0 'lHCTeHllleM J1HKe JIYHbl 2 .
aHa CTOHJla Ha rope, nO.l\06HaH CBepKalOll(eMY 30JlOTOMY H3BaH-
HHIO. H rop? C ee BbiCOKHMH )].epeBbHMH H 3eJIeHOH nOBHTeJIblO
CJleJI3JIaCb TO>Ke 30JIOTOH.
npe06pa3HJlCH H Uapb: B OJ1.HH MHr OH Oll(yrHJI npe3peHHe KO
BceM >KeHl.I.t.HH3M. KOTOpblX 3HaB3J1 KorJJ,3-'IH60 npe>KJI.e. nJIeHeM-
HblH TCM. qTO BHJleJI, OXB3IIeHHbIH BJIelleHHeM, nO'lTH TepHH c03Ha-
HHe. OH C TPYJlOM CYMeJI 06P3THTbCH K neH. COCT3BHTb B nHTH-
J],OBOJIbHO noll0CKHX. KCTaTH,- JI.BYCTHlllHHX KOMnJIHMeHT, Bblp3>K3B-
lllHH H BOeXHl.I.t.eHH€, H P060CTb. H MO.,lb6y. OHa He OTBeQ3JIa, OH
2 6540-6541: sa hi taII! tarkay.am asa fLlpate nfpatil) sriyarn
punat\ santarkayam asa raver bhra:;!am iva prabham
vapusa varcasa caiva Sikh.am iva vibhavasoQ
prasannatve ca k.antya ca candrarckham ivamala.rn.
7'
99

6bJJI HaCTOHqIlB. M OHa, nop06Ho BCnb!llIKe MO.IIIIII B 06J1aKaX,
HCQe3J1a 3.
I<aK 6e3YMHbIH, apb 6pO!\IIJI no Jlecy, TllleTHO Ha.l\eHCb Ha
HOBYIO BCTpeqy. 3aTeM lIaCTynllJlo OTqaHlilie. all OCTaliOBIIJlCH II
PYXHYJI lIa 3eMJlIO. IOHaH >Ke KpacaBIIa, TO JIll 113 >KaJlOCTII, TO JIll
H3 KOKeTCTBa. >K.lI.aJla HMeHHQ 3Toro MfHOBeHHJI. 1JTo6hl CHDBa
npepCTaTb nepe.n HIIM II C YJIbI6KOH npOll311eCTli lIe>KllbJe II Myppb!e
CJlOBa: «BCTaBaii, BCTaBaii II 6YPb 6J1arOCJlOBeH, rp03a BparOIll!
BeCb eBeT CJIaBIiT Te6H, 0 Jlyqlllllii 113 apeii, II re6e He nop06aeT
TaK TepHTb paccY.l\OK!» Uapb OTKpblJl r Jla3a, YBllpeJl ee H paJl BO-
JlIO IIOBbJM, rOpa3.l\0 60Me npoCTpaHHb!M 113JIIIHHIIHM qYBCTB. 3a.
BeplllaBllIaH IIx npoCb6a 6b1JIa BnO."He onpepeJIeHHa:
noraCH nOT oro lib, OKponliB ero CBoe11 .'1060BblO! EYPb
Moeii: 06e30pY>Kb TeM 6e3>KaJlOCTlloro JlyqHIIKa, KOTOpblii lIe-
YCTaHHO npOH3ae,- MeHH CBOHMH CTpeJlaMH! )J.eBa. C npeKpac:
HbIM JlHKOM. rocnO>Ka C TOHKHMH 6e.apaMH. COQeT3llCJI co MHOH
6paKOM no cnoco6y raHpxapBoB - JlyqlllHM BIiPOM 6paKa!
OpHaKO 6paK no cnoc06y raHPxapBoB - 3TO aBaHTlOpa, H He-
CHOJlbKO paHee B IICTOpHIi PHHaCTHH pliCK nop06Horo 3aMY>KeCTBa
HCnb!TaJla Ha ce6e lllaKYHTaJIa, po TOro, KaK npOH3BeJla Ha CBeT
OCHOBaTeJlH popa ExapaTY. Pe% HAeT, no CYllleCTBY, 0 cB060AHOM
H HeMeJl.JleHHOM COlO3e Ha MHfKOH Tp8Be IOHbIX llapeBH'-la H uapeB-
Hb! - 6e3 COBeTa eTapHKoB H pOpHTeJlbCKOrO COH3BOJleHHH, C TeM
JlHIlIb, 1J.To6b1 Ta. KOTOpylO B eBponeiicKHX ceMeifcTBax eme He TaR
paBHO HMeHOBaJlH npeCTynHHeii. HCnpOCHJla pa3pellleHlle OTa Y>Ke
nocne CJlYIJHBIlIerOCJI.
IOHaH peBYlllKa B ropax He OTHOCHJlaCb K qHCJIY 3TIIX HeOCTO-
pO>KHb!X. aHa He CKpblJla OT apH, qTO He TOJIbKO 0>' BJII06HJICH B
Hee, HO H aHa JiM cpa3Y H<e nJleHHJJ3Cb. TOJ1bKO QHa He MO}f{eT
paCnOpH>KaTbCH CBOIIM TeJIOM: He 6YAyqll 3aMY>KeM, oHa eJIOMYA-
peHHa H nOCJlYUIHa BJlaCTH OTua, H eenH llapeBHq TaK ee .>Ka>K.lJ.eT,
nYCTb 06paTHTCJI K ee pOJ],HTemo, H, KOf.a.8 OTell .lJ.aCT COfJIaCHe,
olla C papOCTblO CTaHeT nOCJlYlllHOH cynpyroii TaKoro apH. HaK
CaMBapaHa,-p06poro K CBOHM nOApaIlHbIM, noToMHY CTOJIb CJlaB-
Horo pOAa. HaKolle olla Ha3BaJla ce6H:
«Moe HMH TanaTH. 51 MJlaplllaH ceCTpa CaBHTpli. 0, Jlyq-
liIHit: H3 t<I1l3TpHeB, JI Jl..01.J:b ConHlla - CBeTHJla BceleHHOH 4.
3aTeM HeBIIHHaH .l\eBYlllKa nOplIHJlaCb B nOPlle6eCbe, a apb,
CHOBa BnaBIlIHH B OTLI3HHHe, nOB3JJHJlCH H3 3eMJJIO.
OH 6bI, B03MO>KIIO, YMep lIa 3TOM MeCTe, eCJlH 6b! He 6b!JI lIaii-
j:l€H nOCJle JI.OJIrHX nOHCKOB CBOliMH C3HOBHHK3MH H CJIyr3MH.
3 6557. sandaminiva cabhreu tatraivantar adhiyata.
4 6543: sham :hi Tapatt nama Savitryavaraja suta
asya-lokapradipasya Savituh katriyarabha.
100
nepBb!ii calioBlIlIK 6bIJI BCeeJlO npe.l\all eMY BH.l\H eBoero roc no-
.l\lIlIa pacnpOCTepTbIM Ha 3eMJIe, nOP06HO onpOKIiHYTOll pa.:tyre, OH,
HCnOJlHeHbIH np€JI,3HHOCTH Ii no'-neHHH, 6pOCHJICH K HeMY 11 OTell€-
CKH npHnOj:lHHJI 3TO 6eC'lYBcmeHHoe OT H36bITK3 JIl06BI1 TC.10; C4H-
T3J1, 'lTO Il3Pb CB3J1H..1CH TOJlbKO OT rOJlO.iJ.3, }f{3>KJI,bJ H }CT3..10CTH,
OH nepBbIM JI,OJIrOM B HeCKOJlbKHX CJIOBax 113lHJI H3 U3PH COKPOBH-
1113 MYJI,pOCTH, H3KOnJIeHHbIe C rO.lI,3MH H onblTOM: «He 60HCH, 0
JlyqUlHH H3 JlIO.lI.eiH DJlarOCJlOBeHHe Te6e, 6e3rpewBblH!» O,J,HaKo OH
6bICTpO co06pa311J1, qTO TYT HY>KIlb! IIlIble Cpe.l\CTBa, II OKpOnHJI ro-
J10BY nOTepJlBIlIerO C03HaHHe Il3pJl XOJIOj:lHOH BO.lI.OH, l).,13royxalO-
llleH JlOTOCaMH. Uapb npllllle.l B ce6H H OTOCJIaJl BceX cJlyr, KpoMe
nepBoro caHOBHHKa. 33TeM 011 ceJI H C BepIlIHHbI ropbl, CJIO>KHB PY-
KH, 06paTliB JlIIK K COJIIIy, B0311ec MOJIHTBY. B TO >Ke BpeMH OH
lIenpeCTaliliO PYMaJl 0 BeJIIiKOM 6paXMalie BaCHWTxe, KOTOpbIii npH
JI,pyrHx 06CTOJlTeJIbCTB3X CJI,en3J1CH ero .lI,YXOBHbIM H3CT3BHHKOM,
em purohita, II npOHBHJI CBoe MorYlllecTBo, BepllYB eMY nOTepHHlloe
apcTBo. 4epe3 pBellaAaTb plieH BacHllITxa npe.l\cTa" nepep IIIIM.
UaplO lie nOllap06HJlOCb IIcnOBepOBaTbCIi B npllqlllle oXBaTIIBllIeH
ero neqaJlII. EJlarOpapH cBoell PYXOBIIOH CHJle >Kpeu-aCKeT Y>Ke
3U3J1, qTO CepJlueM Il3pJl 33BJIa.lI.eJl3 TanaTH. H HBH..1CH nOCJIY>KItTb
MOJlOJI,OMY nOBeJIHTeJJIO. H3 fJJ83ax CaMBapaHbI OH B03HeCCJI H3
He60 H oTnpaBHJlCJI K COJlHIlY CB3TOM, K3K nOJIO>K€HO no 06bI1lalO.
nOCKOJIbKY >Ke COJIIIe Y>Ke COCTaBHJIO ce6e A06poe MlieliHe 0
.>KeHHXe, CB3TOBCTBO He MOfJIU 6bITb HH JI,OJIfHM, HH llleKOTJlHBblM.
neperoBopoB Aa>Ke " lie 6blJlO: no npll6bITHli npOCJIaB.lelilioro no-
CeTIITeJlH COJIIIe TYT >Ke ypOBJIeTBOpHJlO ero npoeb6y, )\a>Ke He
3H8J1 ellle, B 'leM OHa COCTOHT:
- 4ero 6bI TbI 1111 nO>KeJlaJl, H )\aM Te6e 3TO, KaH 6b1
TPY.l\IIO TO 1111 6blJlO.
- CbIll BHB3CB3Ta,- TOTqac >Ke OTBeTHJJ nOCeTHTeJIb,- H
npolllY Y Te61i AJIH CaMBapallbi TBOIO )\0% TanaTH, MJlaAllIYIO
ceCTpy CaBIITpli.
H TOJIbKO 011 lIaqaJl nOXBaJlbllYIO peqb TO MY, 3a Koro npOCIIJI,
KaK COJIIIe nOJlO>KIIJlO KOlle pa3roBopy:
-.CaMBapalla-JlyqlllHii 113 apeii, Tb!-JlyqlllHii 113 Bcex
plllllH, a TanaTH - Jlyqlllall H3 >Kelllllllll: Mory JIll H lie OT-
paTb ee Te6e?
TaK CorpeBalOlllllii (Tapana) OTAaJl A06pOAeTeJIbliOMY
BaClillITxe PJlH CaMBapallbl 6e3ynpeqllYlO CorpeBalOlllYIO
(Tapati) .
PlillIli 3a6paJI .l\eBYllIKY, II MO»<IIO npeACTaBIITb ce6e paAocTb
apH, Korpa 011 YBIiPeJI, KaK olla C YJlbI6KOH HAeT K lIeMY B TaKOM
cOnpOBO>KJI,eHHH. .
«MoJlo.l\aH peBYlllKa C npeKpaCllblMIi 6pOBHMH enycKaJIaCb,
K3K MOJIHHJI H3 06JI3KOB, oCBe1ll3H Bee CTOpOHbI Hena».
101

CaMBapaHa eCTb ecTb\O BcrynHn B 6paK C TanaTl-l Ha rope.
a ynpaBJIHTh CBallMH BJla.lJ.eHHJlMH - CTOJlbHblM ropo.aoM, 3eMJJJlMH.
pOlltaMH H necaMH - nocnan CBoero nepBoro C3HOBHHKa. OOCKOnb-
KY >Ke yexan H BaCHlIITxa. uapb Y>Ke He nOMbIll/nHn 60"lbll/e HH
o eM. KpOMe HaCna>KpeHHH CBOHM caCTbeM. B 0611teCTBe npe-
KpaCHoii cynpyrH OH. cnOBHO 60r, 060cHOBanCH B necy H HaCTonb-
1<0 3a6b1n 0 BpeMeHH. TO npOll/no PBapuaTb lIeT. a OH He YBCT-
BOBan HH yrpbl3eHHii COBeCTH. HH YCTanOCTH.
Me>Kpy TeM pnH nOPi1aHHbIx uapH 3TO ero n1060BHoe yePHHeHHe
HMeJIO Ba>KHbIe nOCnei1CTBHH. HH l<annH PO>KJIH He nOCblnan Y>Ke
I1 H i1pa Ha ropopa H BeCH. H nepeCO"ll/aH 3eMlIH nepeCTana nHTaTb
i10BepeHHble eii ceMeHa. OorH6no MHO>KeCTBO n\Opeli H 3Bepeii;
>KHTenH. ronOJIHble. "Yi1b1e. KaK >KHBble MOlltH, pa36penHCb I<TO
KYi1a. H nOpHi1oK B 0611teCTBe pacnancH, KaK Bcerpa 6b1BaeT. Korpa
H8cTynaeT KOHeu CBeTa: fJlBBbl ceMeHcTB nOKH.lJ.aJlH cBOn llOMa,
1-1 HHKTO He CQHT8J1CJI HH C KeM.
HaKOHeu. 3a6ecnOKOHnCH BaCHll/TXa. OH OTnpaBHnCH I< uap\O H
uapHue B ropbI H npHBen Hx Ha paBHHHy. 11 Kal< TOnbKO OHH BCTY-
nHJIH I< ce6e B ropOi1. >KH3Hb BepHYlIaCb B 06bIHoe pycno: I1Hi1pa B
1/306HJIHH nOcnaJI i10>Ki1b. Ha HHBax nOi1HHnCH ypo>Kaii. O>KHi1aH
>KaTBbI, H cepi1ua rOpO>KaH H CeJIHH npeHCnOJIHHnHCb paJIOCTb\O.
CaMBapaHa H TanaTH YBeHanH CBoe i1eJIO 06HnbHbIMH >KepTBO-
npHHOll/eHHHMH.
Tal<OBa HCTOpHH CaCTJIHBOii TanaTH. J1oepH ConHua. 3a-
Kn\OHn CBoii paCCI<a3 Api1>KYHe raH)J.xapBa. Enaroi1apH eii-TO
TbI H eCTb «TanaTbH»; nOTOMY liTO llapb CaMBapaH3 HMeJI
OT TanaTH CblHa. KOTOporo Ha3BaJIH I<ypy. Tbi >Ke. pOi1HBll/Hii-
Cft OT nOTOMKOB TanaTH. C3M TanaTbSI.
XOpOll/O H3BeCTHa nepBaH i10% ConHua. CaBHTpH. BTopaH >Ke
JI,Oqb. TanaTH. nOJlBJUleTCJI JlHIlIb B onHCBHHbIX 1)6CTOJlTeJlbCTBBX, Ii
ee H.lI.M.anUS:!. He HMeeT paBHblX HH B reHeaJlOfHH llapell, HH .lJ.81Ke B
3nOnee B uenOM. npaBi1a. B 60JIee JIpeBHeii MH<j>OJIOrHH ynoMHHa-
eTCH CypbH, i10b COJIHua (CaBHTapa). KaK HeBeCTa nH60 COMbi.
nH60 All/BHHOB H npoToTHn HOB06paHOH 5. HO n1060Bb \OHOH 6orH-
HH 11 JOHoro CMepTHoro. COlO3 Me>R:.ay HHMH, COCTBBJlJlIOl1.lBe Bce
YKparneHHe paCCKa3a.- 3TO i1pyroe i1CJIO.
I1HTepecHO HMH repOHHH: TanaTH (TapaH) - HenpaBHnbHaH
4j>opMa >KeHCKOro pOJIa npHaCTHH HaCTOHllterO BpeMeHH OT r JIaro-
na tapa!; - «rpeeT». CTaporo cnOBa C TeM >Ke 1<0pHeM. TO y PYC.
CHoro «TenJlblH», HpJIBHJI,CKOro «tene» - «orOHb». KOTopoe, KBK
3TO MO.>KHO pa3fJIH.lJ.eTb CKB03b Jl8TJlHCROe «tepidus», >KHBeT eI.U,e.
np aB i1a OCJIa6eB. BO <jJpaBUY3CKOM npHnaraTenbHOM «tiede». Ho B
:> PHI'B('D.3. 10. 85. hOT niMH, Hcnon",JeMblH np" 6pa'lHOM o6pfl,D.e. KCTaTH,
nOf(3'JaTelJeH MbICJlb HH,D.HIh..tes o6pBweHB K ,D.O'lepHM COJJHUB nOCTOJIbHY. no-
Cf(OJIbKY Te BOcrIpOH3BOD.J1T f«npe,D.CT3.8JJAlOn) un" 33KJJIOQalOT 3eMHOH 6paK. OT-
HOCHTeJTbHO pOJJH AlllBHHOB CM. npJlMeq'BHHe feJIb.ll.Hepa K CTpo4>e 44 (cp. a c).
102
0n11CaHHOM npHKJIIO'-leHHM npOCJIaBJlfleTCJI He TenJlO COJIHua, YHa-
CJle.lJ.OBaHHOe ero .lJ.O'tJepblO, a HX CHJlHHe: TO. qTO OLJ:apOBbIBaeT
Bne1.JaTJIHTeJIbHOrO CaMBapaHY, He CTOJlbKO omiCbIBaeTCJI, CKOJ1bKO
BBywaeTcR 6JIaTOi1apH lltei1pOMY HarpOMO>Ki1eHH-IO TepMHHOB CBeTa:
TanaTH 6JIeCTHT. CHJleT H nOXO.ll.MT Ha 30JIOTYIO CTaTYlO, 1<OTOpaJl,
CBepK3f1. 30JIOTHT Heeb neiha>K. LI.eBYllIK3 Be.lJ.eT ce6f1 H eBoeHpaB-
HO Ii .a06pO.lJ.eTeJIbHO, Ii B TO >Ke BpeMJI JII06e3HO. XOTH OHa MOrJIa
6bI 06'bHCHHTbCH cpa3Y >Ke. nocne nepBoro >Ke npH3naHHH CaMBa-
paHbI oHa .lI.eJIaeT 3TO JIMWb rrocJle BToporo, npeJJ.n01.JHT3J1 HClle3-
HYTb 'H 3aTeM CHOB3 nOK33aTheH JIHllIb TOr.lI.a. Kor.lI.a BJII06JleHHblH
u,apb na.aaeT 6e3 '-lYBCTB. XOTH OHa BJl106JIeH3 He eHbwe ero, HO
npOTHBHTCR HCKyweHHlo BCTynHTb B COI03. KOTOPbIH. 6Yi1YH npH-
eMJleM C TOqKH 3peH11f1 33KOHlIHKOB, 03HaQaJI 6bI Bee >Ke. HenOQTH-
TeJJbHOCTb no OTHOllIeHHIO K OTUY, H .lJ.aeT nOTepJlBllIeMY rOJlOBY
npeTeHi1eHTY KnaCCBeCKB 6JIaropa3YMHbIe COBeTb!. Oi1I!JJKO. BbIHi1H
3aMY>K no Bone OTua, OHa CTaHOBHTCH 06pa3UOOH cynpyroii H i1a-
>Ke - noeJle HeKOTopOH OTCpOllKM. npOHCllIe.lI.llIeH He no ee BHHe.-
06pa3uoBoi\ uapHueH. OO-BHi1HMOMY. OHa OTKa3b1BaeTCH OT CBepX'b-
ecTecTBeHHoro .lI.apa B03HeceHHH BBblCb H COWeCTBHJI Ha 3eMJlIO.
60rOJlBJIeHHH M HClJe3MOBeHHJI - JI,apa. KOTOpbIM OHa nOJlb30BaJlaCb
B nopy, KOrJI,3 npMlIHMaJI3 yxa>KHBaHHW OTHbIHe oHa TOJlbKO .>KeHa,
nocnYll/HaR. TBOpHLUalJ i106po. a Tal<>Ke - He Hai10 3a6b1BaTb 06
3TOM - MaTh H p0.lI.OHaIJaJIbHHu.a TaKoro nOTOMCTBa!
nOCJle.lJ.HHH. 3nH30JI, .lI.aeT nOBO.lI. K pa3MhlllIJIeHHHM. Uapb, >Ke-
HHBll/HHCH Ha J1oepH COJIHua. BHaaJIe 3a6bIBaeT. Hai10nrO 3a6b1-
B3eT 0 CBOeM llapCTBe, 0 CBOHX llapCKHX 06H33HHOCTJlX - H B 3TOM
ero e.lI.HHCTBeHllaH ollJH6Ka; 60r, KOTOpbIH nOBeJIeBaeT JI,O>K.lJ.eM H B
TO .m:e BpeMH nOKpOBHTeJIbCTByeT UapCKHM 06J13aHHOCTJlM, caM llapb
60TOB I1Hi1pa KapaeT ero H"H. BepHee. i1eJIaeT TaK. TO BpeMeHHoe
OTCYTCTBHe BepXOBHOH BJIaenl npHBOJI,HT K 3aKOHOMepHiM rrOCJle.lJ.-
CTBIHIM .lI.JIH Bcero U3pCTBa: Uapb Y>Ke He HeceT CBoeH CJJY>K6b1.,
n\O,llH rH6HYT H o611teCTBO pacnai1aeTcH. HeT nY>Ki1bI BcnOMHHaTb
no 3TOMY nooi1Y CTapHHuylO Bpa>Kpy Me>Ki1Y CYPbeii H I1nppoH.
COJlHueM H fp030H. JIY1.J3MH CBeTa H TeMHbIMH TY'-l3MH 6; I1H.apa
rHeBaeTCH He H3-3a 6paKa CaMBapaHbI C J1oepb\O COJIHua, a H3-
3a OTCYTCTBHH y CaMBapaHbI qYBCTBa npo<jJeCCHOHanbHoro JIOJIra.
H, KaK TOJIbKO Uaph, YBe.iJ.OMJIeHHbIH 06 3TOM CBOHM .aYXOBHblM Ha-
CTaBHHKOM. B03Bpall1.aeTCH K CEOHM 06J13aHHOCTJlM, 3a6paB C c0601%
H u,apHUY, I1H.lI.pa CBOHMH 06bl l IHblMH epe.lI.CTB3MH He KOJle6J1J1Cb
O>KHBJIHeT H HeUeJlHeT uapcTBo.
3Ta M3J1eHbKafi nOJIHTHKO-3KOHOMHIJeCK3H JI,paM3, He JlBJlHIO-
ll1.aHCH eCTeCTBeHHblM. HenpeMCHHblM CJIe.lI.eTBHeM 6paKa C D.ollepblO
COJIHua. npHcoBoKyn.,lHeTcH K HCTOpHH 6paKa c03Ha-reJIbHo. IlTO,
BH.lI.llMO. cBH.lI.eTeJJbCTByeT eCJIH He 0 pHTyaJlbHOM, TO 0 cneKYJlJlTHB-
110M rrpOHCXO>K.lI.eBHll ceil BUJIll1e6HOii eKa3KH: napb CTaJlKHBaeTCH
noo1.J:epe.lI.Hu c .lI.BYMH BCUIKHMH CIi.,la MH npHpo.lI.bI, o!lpe.lI.eJ1HlOlllHMK
, M3, I', c. 130-135.
103

C'IaCTJlHBOe uapCTBOOaHHe: C COJlHueM, lIalOlI\HM CBeT,- ero Oil
nOJIY1meT B COlO3HHKH B CHJJY CDoeM Ha601KHOCTH, a 38TeM H 6JIa
rollapH JKeHHTb6e - H C 6J10ro1l3TllblM 1I0JK)\eM, KOTOpblii Ha'lHHO_
eT JlHTb B H306HJlHH JlHIlIb no OKOHllaHHH HenOMepHO 3anmYBlllero.
CH MellOBoro MeCHuo. B03MOJKIIO, Oill/OKO, '1TO MeJKlIy IIBYMH '1aCTH_
MH IIHnTHxa CYlI.\eCTByeT 60Jlee fJly60KOH CBH3b, Mellee 1I0 CT ynHaR
HOllieMY OHaJlH3Y. ECJlH CaMBapaHo H 306blJI 0 CBoeM uopCTBe, TO
HBHO He no BHHe J10'lepH COJIHUO, KOTopaH, BblHIIH 30MyJK, Y>Ke He
npOHBJlHJla c06CTBeHHOH BOJlH; npoCTO 6"orOllapH >KeHI!Tb6c OH
oKa3aJlCH eCJlI! He B Ml!pe 60roB, TO B TOM CBoeoopa3HOM npOMe-
*YTOIJHOM MHpe, QTO npeJI.CT8BJleH BblCOKHMU, ..IJeCHCTbIMR ropaMH.
r.lJ.e at{ BnepBbIe 3aMeTHJI «IOHYro .lJ.eBY BhlCOT», C KOTOpOH Y>Ke He
3aXOTeJI pOCCTOTbCH. TaKoH onaCHOCTH nOIlBeprJlOCb UOpCTBO H3-3a
nO'lTH HC3eMHoro 6paKa CBoero UapH, npe>Klle '1eM aTOo 6paK npH-
Hec C'IaCTbe aToMY uapCTBY.
XOTeJIOCb 6b1 3H8Tb. cDXpaHHJla JlH TanaTH, BbIHJIH 3aMY>K,
cnycTHBIlIHCb C l/e6ec, '1TO-HH6Yllb OT TOH COJIHe'lHOii JlY'le3apHo-
CT.M, KOTopaH Bb[COKO B ropax TaK OCJlenHJIa If nJIeHHJla uapJl?
YTpaTHJIa ,1H OHa ee, CTOB >KeHlI.\HHOH? OTK030JlaCb JlH OT Hee no
1I06poi1 BOJle, TaK >Ke KOK OT cnoc06HoCTH JIeTaTb? B03MOJKII0.
nOTOMY '1TO HHa'le nOaTb! HMeJIH fib! Bce OCHOBOHHH roBOpHTb, '1TO
OHO OCBell.\aJlO roPOIl TOK >Ke, KOK npe>Klle ropy, HO OHH aTOro He
rOBopHT. no npaBlle CK33aTb, OHH Bo06l1.{e HH'Iero He roBopHT HH
o JKH3HH cynpyroB, HH lIa>Ke 0 UOpCTBOBOHHH CaMBapOHbI, H60
aTO HCTOP"" B TOM MeCTe H no TOMY CJlY'IOIO, no KOTOPOMY OHO
paCCKa3aHO, He npellCTOBJlHeT HHTepeca 110 MOMeHTO nOHBJleHHR Ha
CBeT I<yPY H npH3BaHO JlHIlIb Om.RCHHTb, nO'leMY I<oypaBa MOJKeT
6blTb Ha3BaH TOK>Ke TanaTbH.
OTMeTHM, HaKOHeu, '1TO 3TOT MeTpOHHM HMee-r oc06oe 3Ha'le-
HHe. I<orlla APII>KYH 3a1l0e-r CBoi1 sonpoc, OH npHBollnr cJlY'Iaii,
no CYTH HecpoBHHMbIH: eCJlH Tpoe nepBb!X nOHIIOBOB '10CTO 30BYTCR
I<aYHTei1H, >TO, BO-nepBb!X, nOTOMY, '1TO, 6YIIY'IH 30'lOTbl TpeMH
pa3HblMH 6orOMH, OHH CYTb CbIHOBbH nOHIIY JlHIlIb no 30KOHY H HX
e.a,HHCTBeHHoe HaCTOJllllee. KpOBHoe 3BeHO pOJ],CTBa - 0611.{aH MaTh 7;.
SO-BTOP"'X, nOTOMY, '1TO y IIBYX HX MJlOIlIlIHX «6paTbCB», 6.1H3He-
1(OB -IlPyroH MOTb 8. I<aK npaBHJlO. TOr.!lO, Korila OIlHoro HJIH He-
CKOJIbKHX repoeB «Mox06xapOTbI» 30BYT 06bI'IHO no HMeHH MaTepH
HJlH KaKOH-JlHOO npapOIlHTeJlbHHUbI, 3TO He nepe>KHTKH MOTpHapxo-
1'8 - OH qYJRD. H.lJ.eOJlOrHH n03Mbl,- 31'0 .lJ.JIJI Toro, llT06hl nOlI.'1epK-
HYTb aHOMaJIBIO: CbIHOBbH, KOTOpblX nHTepo 6paTbeB naHllaBOB
BMelOT OT 06l1.{eH >KeHbI J1poynollH, CIle.nOBIlIeHcH TaKOBoH 6JIarolla-
pH. CTOHHOMY nOJlHaHllpH'IeC'IoMY 6POKY, HMeHYIOTCH «J1poyna-
lIeHII» ; eCJlH I<opHa '10CTO 30BeTCII «Cb!HOM POIIXH», npH'IeM yno-
Tpe6J1HeTCJI HHOr.lJ.a CJlO>KHOe CJlOBO, HHOr.lJ.a MeTpOHHM Pa.lJ.XeHH, TO
3TO nOTOMY. qTO Pa.lJ.xa XOTb H He pO.lI.HaH ero MaTh, no JI.OCTO«Ha
7 TaM 1Ke. c. 53-59.
. TaM }f{e. c. 56. 68-70.
. TaM ",e, c. 246-249.
104
elO 6hITb H '1TO OH caM HMOH He >KeJJ8CT 10. I1MH TanaTbH -.iJ.pyroe
J,eJlo: nOCKOJlbKY 1I0nYCKoeTCH <peepH'IeCKHH 6pOK COMBapOHbl,
pOJKlleHHe I<ypy <pH3HOJlOrnQeCKH anOJIHe eCTeCTBeHHO, IOpHIIH'Ie-
CKH - 3aKoHHo H npOCTO; 3HallHT. eCJIH npOH3BO.J.HbIM HMeHeM Ta-
naTbJl, KOTopoe ynoMHHaeTCJI JIHIlIb B .lJ.aHHOM 3nH30.iJ.e. 30BeTCH
OJI,HH H3 C3MbiX OT.lI.aJlenHbIX nOToMKoB I(ypy, TO 3TO MO}l{eT .lI.eJIaTb-
CJI JlHlllb JI,JlH TOp>KeCTBeHHOCTH. C ueJlblO HanOMHHTb, '110 CKpOMHaH
606YIIlKa 6bIJlO npe:>Klle 60>KeCTBeIIHb!M cYIUeCTBoM H '1TO a KOHue
"OHUOB 6J1arollapH ei1 nOHAaBhI H Hx IIBOlOpollllbIe 6pOTbll MorYT
CQHTaTb ce6H nOTOMK8MH COJlHU3.
HH B HpaHCKOH anonee B p03Hbie nopb! ee pa3BHTHH, HH B CO-
MOM HH.lJ.HHCKOH CJlOBeCHOCTH 60JJbIlIe HHrJI,e He BCTpe'1aeTCJl HHIJC-
ro, nOll06Horo 3TOMY HepOBHOMY B C'IOCTJlHBOMy 6pOKY: TO JIH C'IH-
TaJlOCb, '1TO COJlHUe, KOTopoe B MHOJlOnlH nOHHTue XOTb H nepco-
IIHq,HUHpOBaHHoe, HO BCe >Ke O'leHb 06CTPOKTHOC, He MO>KeT nopo-
.lI.HTb CTOJlh nO-3eMHOMY KOJIOpHTHYIO .lJ.Oflb, C03JI,aHHYIO 1'13 nJlOTH H
KpOBH, cnoc06HYlO 3a>Ke'1h JlI060Bb Y CMepTlIOrO, BLIMTH 38 Hero
3aMY.>K H nOJI,apHTb eMY ChIHa; TO JIH Y HpaHu,eB - M83.lI.CHCTOB H
MYCYJIbMOH - acerlla 6b!JlO Oll.\YlI.{eHHe IIHcTaHuHH, OTlleJllllOlI.{ei1
."lOlIei1 OT 60JKeCTBO - Boro HJlB nOJly60TOB Honoll06He 5!30TO - H
3TO He n03BOJlHJlO HM CQ9l1aTB IIJlH COXPOHHTb TaKYIO JIereHJ\Y. I<o-
He'1HO , CJJYflaJlOCb, qTO repOH 6bIB3J1H H8KopOTKe C .lI.OIJepbMH .lJ.3BOB,
nopaH HMeJ1H aT HHX nOTOMCTBO, Ho .lI.3BbI - 3TO Y>Ke He 6orH, a
COBceM npoTHBOnOJIO>KHOe, H JlI06e3HHIJaHbe HX. JI,O'1epeM CO CMCpT-
HbIMH He MO>KeT 6pOCHTb TeHb Ha Be..IJHQHe .lJ.06poro TBopeHHH.
.ll.aJIeKHC OTrOJIOCKH Ma3.lI.eHCTCKHX pe4>opM He OK838JIH BJlHHHHJI
HO eBponeHCKHX HpaHueB - CKH<pOB,- H p03pOCIlIHi1CH 3nOC HX
nOCJIe.aHHX nOTOMKOB - OCeTHH. coxpaHeHHbIH JI,O HaIlIHX .lJ.HeM, 3Ha-
eT 06P03 repOHHII, J10'lepH COJlIIUO, npHKJlIO'IeHHe KOTOpOH 6JIH3KO
K npBKJlIO'IeHHIO TonaTH.
2
OJJ.HO H3 oceTHHCKHx CKa3aHHi1 0 6paKe «J10'lepH COJlHUO» 6bI-
JlO nepeBelleHO H npOKOMMeHTHpOBOHO B KHHre «MH<P H 3noc,.
('I. I ") B CBH3H C IIPyrHM MOTHBOM, 6J1HJKoi1IlIee COOTBeTCTBHe KO-
TOPOMY HaXOJI,HM B «Maxa6xapaTe». 'LJeJJOBeK, CTaBIlIHH 3HTeM
COJIHua. nepe.lI. TeM KaK B03BpaTHTbCH K JlIOJI,JlM, nOJlY'1aeT OT Tee-
TH BOJlIlIe6HYlO KOJlb'lyry, KOTOPYIO OH lIapHT CBoeMY OTUY; n0311Hee
BPjlrH CHHMOIOT C TOro npeKpacHylO KOJlb'lyry, OIlHOBpeMeHHO CO-
IIpaB C ero cnHHbI il.BO peMHII KO>KH. B «Max06xapOTe» POIlHoi1
CbIH COJlHU8, l(apHa, O.lI.HH Ji3 C3MblX B03BbIllleHHbIX repoeB n03MbI,
IIOCIIT 6J1orollapH CBoeMY OTUY BOJIIlIe6HYlO KO"b'lyry, «B KOTOpoii
OH pO.lJ.HJICH» H KOTOpa51 HCOT'beMJIeMa aT cro TeJIa; CHHMaeT OH ee
C3M, BbInOmlHJI .lI.aHHOe 06ell1.8HHC - '-ITa 6bIJIO He06xo.lI.HMO. HO H
neOCTOpO>KHO; OJ{ ClI,HpaCT cc C rpY.lI.H. OCTaBJlH5I lIa TCJIe orpOMHYIO
1(; TaM )l{e, c. 133135.
" M3, F, c. 141-143.
,n.

"POBOTo'.all\YIO paHY. MOTHB pe)(KH;1: H lie 311alO B )(peBlleM MHpe
'!Pyroro npHMepa Hii TaKora aTpH6YTa COnlle'IIIOCTII, H" TaKora
IICJHeceHHH YBe&lbH. 4TO >Ke KacaeTCH caMoro 6paK3. TO OH COBep-
wae-rCH "PH cnOKOHHblX. JlerKHX, B BbIcrneH (TeneHH CllaCTJlHBblX
06CTOHTCJIbCTBax. CaMO COJlHue OCT8HOBHJlO CBOR Bbl60p H3 M8JJb-
lIHKe, KUf.a.a OH 6bIJI erne B KOJlbJ6eJIH; 38TeM MeJK.n.y JI,eTbMH B
)(epeBlle COnlIl1a H era 6Y)(Yll\..M 3HTeM 3aBH3bIBaeTCH )(PYIK6a;
COlO3 6blJI 1l0.lJ.rOTQBJleH B38HMHbIMH nocew.eHHHMH. npHnlarneHHH-
MH H OTnpa3HOBaH B .lI.OMe COJlHua; nOTOM,1l0CJle.aOJlroro npe6bI-
B8HHH B ceMbe TeeTH, MY>K, HanYTCTByeMbJA 6J1arOCJIOBeHHHMH.
np"Ben CBOIO }/(ellY K HapTaM C nOAapKaM".
J],0'Ib ConHl1a. ynoMHHYTaH B 3TOM nepBOM CKa3aH..... 6eCu,BeT-
H.a H naecnBBa; He rOBOpHTCJI Hn 0 TOM. K.aK ee 30BYT. HH 0 K8KOH-
nH60 'IepTe ee <jJH3....eCKoro ..n.. AYXOB"Oro 06nHKa; B o611\eM, Olla
nOXO.>K8 HB Bcex MOJIOJ],blX .n.eByrneK, KOTopbIe noli. ceHblO JI,epeBbeB
B K3BK.BCKHX ceJIax O>KHn.aIOT H nonYIJ.81OT My.>Ka. He TaK 06CTOHT
)(eno B CKa3aH..HX )(Pyroro THna. rAe caM repoii - OTlllOAb He BTO-
pOCTeneHllblii 06pa3, HO OAHH "3 LlBYX cnaBlle;iWHX HapTOB - Co-
cnall, ..MeHyeMbIii TaK}/(e no era 'IepKeCCKOMY "MeH.. COCpbjKO. Bce
.lleHHHJI KOToporo OTMelleHbI, KaK MbI BUD-elIH Bblllle, MOTMBaMH CO;1.
HeqnOCTH 12.
BOT Ha..ano Bap..aHTa, ony6nHKoBaHlloro B «HapTbl KaJJ.AIKbI-
Tfe» 13 H nepeBe.lJ.eHHOrO MHOIO B «I(HHre 0 repoJlx».
Bbjn Be..ep. CocnaH c"Aen Ha Hblxace. BCKope np..wen
Ypbl3Mar C nO)(IIHTbIMH nne..aMH .. onYll\elllloii ranoBoii. «no-
'IeMY TbI TaKoii CKY"HbIii. YpbI3Mar?» - cnpaW"BaeT ero COC-
naH. «MHoro H no cBeTy XO.lJ.HJI. 1-10 TaKara "lY.lla co MHOH He
cnyaJIOCb.- CKa3an Ypbj3Mar.- CerOAHH H OXOT..nCH Ha 60-
nOTe. B)(pyr B">KY - nY"H COnHl'a OCBeT..n.. oneHH C BOceM-
..aAu,aT"Ko"u,OBbjM" poraM" 14. f!oJ\oweJI H K HeMY Ha pac-
CTOHHHe BblCTpe.na, npHlleJlHJlCJI Ii rOJIbKO XQTeJl nYCTHTb
CTpeJJY. KBK CTpeol1bI MOM pa3J1eTeJIHCb no CTopOHaM, HH OJ],H0I1
He OCTaJlOCb B KOJPlaHe. Torn.a JI CXBaTHJI Honbe H .lJ.OrHan
OJIeHH, HO TO..,)bKO npHfOTOBHJICfI ero y.n.apHTb. K3K Konbe BbI-
CKO"Hno Y MeHH H3 PYK .. OLl.... 60r 3HaeT. KYLla nOLleBanOCb.
OJleHb >Ke BCKOqHJI Ii y6e>K8J1. XOTb H Ii nOrHaJlCJI 38 HHM, HQ
nO)(H lIaii)(H era - ..c..e3! A oneHb 6b1n TaKoii, ..TO wepCTb ..a
HeM 6bIJl8 30JIOTRSI».
Oocne 3THX cnOB CocnaH JlHlllHJlCJI CHa, BelO HQ'-lb .no YT-
pa Bopo..anCH C 60KY lIa 60R. «OrAa H04b OTAenHnaCb OTo
.lI.HH, OH Ha6poCHJI Ha nnellH nJlaw, B3J1J1 JlYK, KOn'-laH. npHBJI-
38J1 K ce6e Konbe Ii norneJI BHH3 no 60JlOTaM, TY.lla, rn.e, no
cnoBaM Ypbl3Mara, 6b1n onellb. TOJlbKO B30wno COnHu,e. OHO
HanpamiJIO CBOH JIYIlH Ha OJIeml. OJIeHb THXO JIe>KaJI H >KeeaJI
>KB3'-lKY_ J1YIIH COJlH1l3 OTpa>KaJlHCb OT OJJeHH TOHKHMH HH-
f2 CM. c. 71-94 (COCJI3U-C03blpblKO H COJJHue).
13 HK, c. 115-135.
I" CM. sblme, «COJIHeI,lHblH repoi1», npHMe'l. 58.
106
nlMH H CJIenHJIH fJla3a. «Hy. eCJ1H MHe 1I.OCT8Me'fCJI 3TOT
3Bepb. TO He 6YLleT Ha 3eMJIe HapToB H"Kom 3HaTllee Me-
HJI»,- no.a.YMaJI COCJIaH. CTaJI 011 nO.lI.Kp3J],bIBaTbCJI OCTOpO>K'
HO OT 6bl..1HHKH K 6blJIHHKe Ii nO.lI.OllleJl lIa paCCTOJlHHe Bbl-
CTpeJIa. B.,oIK..n B nYK CTpeJlY. B3MonHnCH Bory: MOJI. nOMO-
rH MHe 3aBJI3.lI.eTb 3THM 3BepeM - H npHueJIHJlCJI. OJleHb .a.a-
}/(e lie WeBeJIbHyncH. TOJIbKO COCJIaH xoren nycTHTb CTpeJIY.
KaK Bce ero CTpeJIbl paCCbmaJlHCb H HH 0J],1I0" He Ocr8J10Cb B
KOJJ '-l3 He. «On030p1OCb JI COBceM»,- CKa3aJl COCJlaH, eXBaTHJI
Konbe H nowe.11 Ha OJIeHJI OJIeHb TYT >Ke BCKO'-lHJI H nOMQ8J1-
CJI K '-Iepnoil rope. «Bee paBHo H Te6J1 lie OCT8BJIIO»,- CKa38J1
COeJIaH H nOCJIe.lI.OB3JI 3a IIHM.
J],OCT..r OJIeHb 4epHO;i ropbi Ii CKpblnCH B OLlHOii nell\epe.
3TO 6blJla BocnHTaHHHua eeMH BeJIHKaHOB - .lI.O'-lb COJIHua
AU,bIPYXC 15. Cocna.. nowen CJIeLloM" BHA"T: ceMHHpYCHI"H
LlBOpeu" a C KpalO ero - nOMell\elme AnH raCTeii. To 6b1n ABO-
pea BeJlHK3HOB. COCJl8H BOIlIeJl B rocTeBYIO H ceJl H8 JI3BKY_
Ha CTelle BHcen <jJa, HLlbIp 011 CHHn era H CTaJI IIrpaTb YAHB"-
TeJ1bHble neeHH. TaK KpacHBo oH "fpaJI, 1lTO c06paJIOCb MHoro
3BepeH. nTHU, JI,BHraJJHCb CTeHbl J],BOPUa, a ropbl eMY nOJI,neBa-
.nH. Ha 3BYKH ero 4>aHJ],blpa Bbl6e>KaJlH JI,Ba M8JIeHbKHX MaJlb-
....Ka. CocnaH .. TYT lie nepecTan HrpaTb, H CKa3aJI "M:
«51 HapT COCJIall, .. Mile "Y}/(lbI n..60 e)(a. nH60 60ii. :; ..Ha-
Ile 1KHTb He YMelO». MaJlb'-lHKII nOJ],HJlJIHCb lIa Ce.lI.bMOII Jlpye
K BeJIHKaH3 M H rOBOpJlT: «Y Hac B fOCTeBOH roeTb, 011 HrpaeT
lIa <jJallLlbIpe H raBOpHT: ..51 HapT Cocna... .. Mile "Y}/(Hbi JIH-
60 e)(a JI..60 6..TBa a ..Ha'Ie IKHTb He YMelO"».- «BerHTe ..
CKa>KH;e eMY: "EeJl'H XOlleWb eJ],bl H H3nHTKOB, MbI n030BeM
MaTb eeJlH XO'-lelllb 6HTBbl - n030BeM OTU3"». MaJlbqHKH
Bep..yn"Cb .. BCe nepeAanH. «Ha "TO MHe ceii..ac eLla? Ho
ecnH MomHO - nycTb 6YLleT 6..TBa». Manb..IIK.. CIIOBa nOAHH-
nHCb HaBepx H nepeLlanH OTBeT COCJIaHa. TorJ\a Ben..Kallbj
BbIIlIJlH BO JI,BOp H CTaJlH TOIlHTb CBOH KHII>K3JIbl, C KOTOp blMH
OHH pOLl..n..Cb. .. c06panHcb pe3aTb CocnaHa. Bo ABope CTO-
JlJI JlJIHIIHblH CTOJl- CBe1KeB3Tb >KHBOTHbIX. BblBOJlOKJIII BeJJH-
Kallbl COCJJaHa K 3TOMY eTOJIY - MOJl, «nec, pO>KJleIlHblH or
nca, 3Ha'-lHT, Tbl He Jlaellib naeTHCb lIallieMY OJJeHIO?» - H
pa3JlOIKHn.. Cocna..a Ha CTone. Pa3HT ero KHHIKanOM H OA..H
.. APyroii - Y BCex ceMepbIX K..II>KanbI np"TynHJI"Cb. HH 0)(""
ero He 6epeT. OTnYCTIIJIH 0.... TOr)(a CocnaHa.. CKa3anH:
«nOiiLleM cnpOCHM Hawy Bocn..TaHHHu,y - LlO..b CO:"Hu,a AU,bI-
pyxc». nOwnH oH.. K Llo..ep" Co_,"u,a .. rOBopHT e..: «rOCTb y
"ac. 30BeT ce6H HapTOM CocnaHOM. XOTHM ero 3ape3aTb, 110
KH..IKanbI lIawH lie 6epYT era». KorLla A04b COnHu,a ycnbjwa:
Jla 3TO HMJI. OHa CKa3aJla: «EcnH OH COCJlall. TO 3TO MOM
cy}/(eHbIii». BenHKallbI ee cnpocHnH: «A KaK lIaM Y311aTb.
15 .YblA YbI.)l.HC an)l. yreHbl)I.>Kbl X"baH - XYPbl Ijbl3r AUblpyxc». «Qan» - 3TO
pe(jeHoK. OT)l.3HHblH H3 BocnHT3HHe 8 .,a.pyroH pop. (3TanHK3T).
107

Cocnall 3TO HJIH HeT?» - «Y Coc.rraHa Me>K.n.y JIOnaTKaMH
epHaH pOi\HHKa. Pa3i\eHbTe era. H eCJlH Y Hera Me}K JlonnOK
pO)lHMOe nHTHO, TO 3TO. BepHO, COCJlaH». BbIWJlH BeJIHK8HbI K
COCJlaHY. pa311eJlH era, H Ha cnHHe ero BnpaBllY Me>!< Jlona-
TOK OKa3aJlaCb epHa" pOllHHKa. CKa3aJlH Al.lblpyXC, TO Y
fOCTH Me>K.n.y JlOnaTOI< p0JI,HMoe IlJlTHblllIKO. «3Ha'lHT, 3TO MOM
CY}KellbIH HapT COCJlall,- CKa3aJla AL\"'PYxc.- CTynaiiTe H
IlpHBe.n.HTe ero, croBopHTecb H 0 K8J1bIMe. OH HapT, lleJIOBeK
HMYIl!HH, Tpe6yihe OT Hero JII060ro i\06pa». CeMepo BeJlHKa-
HOB BbllliJlIi K COCJIaHY, nOXJJOnaJlH ero no nJlellY, rOBopR. liTO
OH Hx 3HTb, npliBeTCTBOB8JIH ero, nOKa3aJJH eMY HeBeCTY-
AOb COJlllua AL\"'PYxc. 3aTeM paCCeJlHCb no MeCTaM H CTaJlH
fOBOpHTb 0 HaJlhlMe. «Ham KaJlbIM T8KOH.- CKa3aJIH BeJ1HKa-
Hbl.- Ha 6epery MOP" }KeJle3HblH i\BopeL\, T06 no eT"'peM
yrJlaM ero 6bIJIH nOCa}KeH'" JlHCTb" llepeBa A3a, 3aTeM TPH
COTHH JI,HKHX >KHBOTHbIX, H3 HHX COTHH OJIeHeM, COTHJI TYpOS
H COTHH BCJlHHX .lI,PyrHx 3BepeH». OneqaJlHJJCH, KOHe4HO, Coe.
JlaH. Kor.lI.a YCJIblllIa'1 3TO. 1l0AYMaJJ. liTO He .lI,OCTBTb eMY Ta-
Koro BbIKyna. BCTaJI oneaJIeHHbIH, nOHypblH, C nOHHKllleH ro-
JlOBOH H OTnpaBHJlC" 1l0MOH. B03BpaTHBIllHCb K ce6e, pac-
CKaaaJl Bee CaTaHe: «Y ceNH BeJlHKaHOB >KHBeT B BocnHTBH-
IIHL\aX .LJ,Ob COJlHL\a. OHa cor JlaCHa nOHTH 3a MeH" 3a MY)K,
Ho OHH nOTpe60BaJlH TaKOH BblKyn: Ha 6cpcry MOP" CpH"'H
}KCJlC3HbIH J\BopeL\, T06 no eTbipeM yr JlaM era 6blJlH noca-
)KeHbl JlHCTb" J\cpcBa A3a, TPH COTHH 3BepeH, H3 HHX COTHK
OJleHCH, COTH" TypOB H COTH" BC"KHX J\pyrHx }KHBOTHbIX. Hc
J\06bITb MHe TaKora BblKyna, HO H ynYCTHTb TaKYIO KpacaBHIIY
HC Mory».- «npHC"J\b-Ka nO.l\Jle MCH" H nocJlYl11aii,- CKa3a-
JIa CaTBHa.- BbIKyn TBoM MO>KHO JI,OCTaTb. eCJJ" nocTynHllIb,
KaK " CKa)KY. 4epHblii }KCJle3HbIH LlBOpCL\ nOCTpoHTb JlerKO.
ECJlH B03bMelllb MOC YllecHOC KOJIbL\O H 06BeJ\elllb HM Y MO-
P" 60Jlbllloii Kpyr, Ha "TOM MeCTe nO"BHTC" epHbIii .l\BO-
PCL\: KOr.l\a }Ke " nonpolllY y AcljJaTH CBHpeJIb, a TbI BO .l\BOpL\e
3aHrpaelllb Ha Heii, 3BCpH npHJ\YT K Tc6c caMH. TOJlbKO JlHCTbH
.lI,epeBa A3a HeB03MO>KHO .n.oCTaTb B 3TOM MHpe, HX HaJI,O
BbInpocHTb Y BJlacTHTCJI" cTpaHbI MCpTBbIX EapaCTblpa, ",
eCJIH HX He BbInpOCHT TBOJI nOKOHHaJl .>KeHa ne.aYX3. HX Te6e
He nOJlYtJHTb».- «Tor.lI,a C"iaCTJlHBO OCTaBaTbCJI, H Hn.y B cTpa-
HY MCPTB"'X».- CKa3aJl COCJlaH. OH CCJI Ha CBocra CTaJlbHO-
KonbiTHoro KonR H JI,BHHYJJCfl B nYTh..
npOJ\OJl)KCHHC paccKa3a nOCB"Il!eHO TO!dY. KaK BblnOJlH"IOTCH
TPH peKoMeHJ\aL\HH CaTaHbI: B nOCJleJ\HIOIO ocpeJ\b, JlCrKO H 6bICT-
po, KaK OHa H rOBOpHJla 06 "TOM, B03BO.l\HTCR >KeJle3Hb1H 3aMOK
H c06HpalOTCfl >KHBOTHbIe. HO .lI.0 3Toro COBeprnaeTCfl noxo.a 3a
JlHCTb"MH J\epeBa A3a B CTpaHY MepTBbIX. noxoJ\, nOJIHbIH npHKJlIO-
qeHHH H CTpaHHblX BCTpelJ, 0 KOTOpbIX paCCKa3b1BaeTCJI .lI,OJlro.
CJIHllIKOM .lI,OJlro.
Ii 3areM - CDBceM C>KaTOe 3aKJlIO':leHHe:
108
YBH.n.eB. qTO Bce BCrnH, 1183Ha'-leHHbIe :tlH BblKyna HeBeCTbI.
c06paHbl, ceMb BelHKaHOB OT.n.aJIH 3a COCJIaHa CBOIO BocnH-
TaHHHUY AUblpyXC, i\04b COJIHua.
Y.n.aIlHbIM JIll. OKa3aJICfl 6paK? no Bcell BepOHTHOCTH, Jla, nOTO-
MY ":ITO CJIe.n.YIOI1I.ee CKa3aHHe Haqll.HaeTCH CJIOBaMH:
COCJIaH >KCnHJlCH Ha AUblpyXC, i\OepH COJIHua, H YBe.1
ee. B ClJaCTbe H ..rI.OBOJlbCTBe npOXO.lI.HJIH JI.HH H rO.lI,bI, H Coc-
JlaH lJaCTO npOBOJI,HJI BpeMH. OXOTHCb Ha paBHHHe 3HJIaXap.
11, O.lI.HaKO, npH6JIH>KaJICH TparH'-leCKHH KOHeu COCJIaHa: CKa3a-
HHe, KOTopoe HaqHHaeTCH npHBeJleHHblMH CJ10BaMH, :aK H Q3arJ1aB-
JleHO: «CMepTb COCJIaHa». O.lI.Ha>KJJ.bl. OXOTHCb, repOH onHTb BCTpe-
llaeT He3eMHYlO .lI,eBYlliKY - TO>Ke B 06J1Hqbe >KHBOTHoro. Ho Ha-
CKOJlbKO OHa .lI,pyraJl! 16
Oi\Ha>KJ\bl COCJlaH nOBeJI C C060H na paBHHHY 3HJIaXap
i\BeHaJ\uaTb TOBapm.ueH. OlIn nOcTpOHJIII XH>KIIHY, KYJ\a npH-
XO.lI,HJlH, '-lT06bI C6POCHTb C ce6H YCTaJIOCTb B qac OT.lI,bIxa.
nocJle YTpeHHeH OXOTbI, H nepe.lI. TeM KaK OTnpaBHTbCH Ha
BcepHIOIO OXOTY. OJ\Ha)Ki\bl, YCTaB OT YTpeHHCH OXOTbl, OHH
B03BparnaJlHCb B XH>KHHY, '-lTo6bI OT.lI.OXHYTb TaM. COCJl3H, KO-
TOpbIH He Be.n.aJl YCTaJlOCTH, peWHJI npoexaTbCH. Ot-! 38exaJ1 B
YIl!eJlbe, ri\C 6blJIO 03CpO. «B TaKYIO )Kapy,- CKa3aJI OH .CC-
6e,- KaKOH-HH6Yi\b 3Bepb HenpeMeHHO npHJ\CT Ha BOi\onOII K
03Cpy».- H OII Cnp"TaJlC" B 3acaJ\Y, Ha6J1IOi\aH BOKPYr.
BJ\pyr OH YBHJ\eJl, KaK npH6,lH>KaeTC" cepHa, TaKa" npeKpac-
HaJl '-lTO He 6bIJJO nOJw6HoH efI ITO BH.lI.Y H no CTaTH, H, Ka38-
JlOC, YTPCHH"" 3Be3ia 6JIeCTeJIa Ha ee Illee. COCJIaH Y>Ke
Haue.nHJI Ha Hee CTpCJlY, Kori\a cepHa 06paTHJIaCb B J\eBYIll-
KY H CKa3aJla:
- npHBeT Tc6c, COCJlaH!
- .LJ,a 6YJ\eT caCTbe TBOHM YLleJlOM, npCKpaCH3" i\CBII-
U8! - OTBeTHJI OH.
- COCJIaH, XOTb H H cnYCK8J1aCb C He6a MHoro pa3, '-lTO-
6bl YBIIJ\eTb Te6", 110 " HIIKOri\a Te6" He BCTpCaJl3. fJ\C >Ke
TbI >KHBernb? 5I .>K.iJ.Y Te6J1 CTOJIbKO JIeT, H Tcnepb B03bMH Me-
I-IJI B >KeHbI!
- ECJlH 6bI H .>KeHHJICJI t-!3 BceX BCTpeQHblX .lI,eBHuaX, OHH
6b1 He nOMCCTHJlHCb B u.eJIOM CeJleHHH HapTOB! - CKa3aJI
COCJlalL
- nepeCTaHb, COCJlaH, nO>KaJIeeWb! - CKa3aJIa OHa.
- COCJlaH BH.lI,eJI MHoro TaKHX, KaK TbI, CBHHeH, 3aJIerllIHX
B 03epax, H, Kori\a 6bl OH 6paJI Ka>Ki\YIO B >KCHbl, era 6YJIaT-
Hoe TeJIO CTaJIO 6bI '-lepHblM 1KeJIe30M!
TOfLla neBYIllKa nOLlH"JIa PYKH, KOTOpble npCBpaTHJlHCb B
16 HK, c. 136-137.
109

.lI.Ba KpbW.3, BcnopXHYJIa Jf 1l0JIeTeJI.3. COCJI.3H XOTeJl ee CXBa
THTb, lIa He ycneJl. Y JleTall, OHa eMY KpHKHYJla:
- HapT COCJlaH. I! 110% DaJlCara, TbI YBHIIHIlIb, '1TO C
T060H CJlY'IHTCH!
«oma lIeBYlliKa BepHYJlaCb J\OMOi!, OHa paCCKa3aJla OTqy
o TOM, KaK ee OCKop6HJI COCJIaH. DaJlCar B"'3BaJI CBoe «oJle-
CO H rOBopHT eMY:
- HJ\H y6ei! COCJIaHa!
H B caMOM Aene, «OJIeco DaJICara - oJ\YIlIeBJIeHHoe opY.!J.He,
H.3.aeJIeHHoe pellblO H paaYMoM, CK.3TblSBHCb C He6a H8 3eMJlIO. K8K
npH 06pllJ\e HBaHoBa J\HII, ell1e HeJ\aBHO npaKTHKoBaBIlIeMclI B EB-
pone,-llocJIe HeKOTOpblx nepHneTHi! nepepe>KeT HorH COCJIaHa 17.
TaKHM 06pa30M, BCTpe'lH C J\BYMII }f{HBOTH"'MH, KOTOpbIe 06a npe-
06pa3}'IOTCII B He3eM HbIX J\eB - B J\O% COJlHua H J\O% DaJlCara,
06JIaJ\aTe"1l cBoe06pa3Horo KOJIeCa, KOTOpoe HMeeT OTHOIlIeHHe K
JI,HIO JleTHero COJIHueCTOJlHHJI.- 3BKBHllHBBIOTCJI npOTHBOnOJlO1KHbI-
MH pe3YJIbTaTBMH: 1lI060BblO H HeH8BHcTblO. CllaCTbeM H HeCl.J:aCTb-
eM, 6paKOM H y6HHCTBOM.
113BecTHble Bap"8HThl 3Toro CK83aHHH 6JIH3KH K TOJIbKO liTO
npHBeJ\eHHOMY; caMbIA nOJ\p06HbIi!, TOT, '1TO ony6J1HKOBaH B c60p-
HHKe «naMIITHHKH I» IB, HMeHyeT BTopoe IIBJleHHe (J\eBYlliKH B
06J1H'IbC >KHBOTHOro), TaK >Ke, KaK H nepBOe - «.D,O'lepblO COJlHua».
1..Jepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMII nocJle cBoei! CqaCTJIHBoi! IKeHHTb-
6bI Ha J\O'lepH COJIHua COCpbIKO CHOBa OXOTHJlCII Ha 6epery
MOpll. OH YBH;i.eJl CBeT: TO 6b1JIa rpYJ\b A3ay-xaH, AO'lepH
COJlHua. OH OCKop6HJI ee: «BH.lIaJl I! He OJ\HY TaKYIO rpYAb.
He J\YMaellib JlH MeHI! 3THM npHBJle'lb?» TorAa OHa YJleTeJla,
HaHIIJIa «oJIeco Dapcara (pacnpoCTpaHeHHbIi! BapHaHT HMe-
HH) 3a J\BeHaAl.laTb CTeJlbHbIX KOpOB, H OAHa)\{)\bI, KorJ\a Coc-
pbIKO OXOTHJlCfi, KOJleco HBKaTHJIOCh Ha Hero He01KHJJ.8HHo H
OTpe3aJlO eMY o6e HOCH.
Pa3YMeeTCII, 3Ta «.1(0% COJlHua» He Mo>lfeT 6"'Tb TOi! >KeHIl1H-
HOH, Ha KOTOpOi! COCpblKO IKeHHJICII npeJKAe: Mor JlH OH ee He
yaHBTb H nOlleMY Obi CTaJI OCHop6J1HTb, eCJIH Bee rOBopHT 38 TO,
'ITO COlO3 Hx OKa3aJICII C'IaCTJlIjBbIM? «A3ay-xaH» CJIeJJ,yeT paCCMaT-
pHBaTb KaK BTOPYIO JW'Ib COJlHua, conepHHUy nepBoiL ::ha 06HA'IH-
Ball oc06a paBH03Ha'lHa, TaKHM 06pa30M, «J\O'lepH DaJICara» H3
nepBoro BapHaHTB CK838HHJI, llTO HeYJI,HBHTeJIbHO. nOCKOJlbKY E8JI-
car-J\y6J1ep, nOMOlllHHK COJlHua, 06J1aJJ,aIOIl1HH, KaK H COJlHue,
He6eCH"'M «OJIeCOM HO «OJIeCOM 6e3 CBeTa.
.D,aHHo Y>Ke HMH'«AublPYXC, AO% COJIHua» npHBJleKJIO HHHMaHHe
He CTOJlbKO «!JO..'IbKJIOPHCTOB, CKOJlbKO JlHHrBHCTOB. OHO JlBHO JI,peB-
Hee H CBHAeTeJlbCTHyeT 0 nepe>KHTKe HeKoei! MH<pH'IeCKoi! TpaJJ,H-
17 CM. c. 34---38 (CocnaH-C03b1p.hlKO H ConHllc).
.. C. 76-78.
110
UHH. BTOpOH cJIor, ruxs. H B caMOM .lI.eJIe 03HaQaeT «cBeT», nepBblii
>Ke "JIeMeHT aC(y),-HC '1TO HHoe, KaK H3MeHeHHoe wac(y)-, KO-
Topoe nOHBJJHeTCJI B HeKOTopblX peJIHrH03HbIX TepMHH8. npe>K.lI. e
BCero B HMeHax .lI.BYX C8MbIX Ba>KHbIX 60>KeCT Hapo.lI.HoH MHOJIO-
rHH OCeTHH. CJle.lI.OBaTeJIbMO, Wacruxs, Acyruxs - 3TO eCJIH e
«cBJlweHHbU1 CBeT». TO no MeHbwefi Mepe «CBeT BOJIIlie6HbIH,
CBepX1>eCTeCTBeHHblii» 19. u
3TO HMH, .lI.aHHOe B 3noce JlY l le33pHOH LI,O'-lepH COJIHua. B03MO}K-
HO B npe>KHHe Jl3bllleCKHe BpeMeHa CJlY>KHJIO 3nHTeTOM 60>KeCTBa.
Koopoe Ha3bIBaJIOCb HH811e. KaKoro >Ke? 4TO MOrJla npe.lI.CTaBJIflT
C060H pJl.lI.OM C C8MHM COJIHueM 3T8 He3eMHafi >KeHWHHa. KOTOpOH
npe.lI.H83HaGeHO 6bIJJO, KaK BH.lI,HO, He CH.lI.eTb H8 He6e, 8 enyeTHTbC
B HaIli MHp H eT8Tb B HeM cynpyroH Bbl.lI,alOIUerOCH lleJIOBeKa.
1..JT06bl OTHeTHTb Ha "TOT BOllpOC, CJIeAyeT paCCMOTpeTb 6JIH>Ke, Ka-
Koe MeCTO COJlHu.e 3aHHM3eT He B nOBeCTBOB8TeJIbHOM, B B 06pH-
JI,OBOM 4>OJlbKJJOpe oceTHH, B HX KYJIbTOBblX JI,ellcTBBx. A OHO TO-
>Ke - qaCTb MHP8 JIlo.lI.ell: oHO 33HHM8eT HX JI,8>Ke He CTOJIbKO K8K
He6ecHoe CBeTHJJO, CKOJIbKO K8K npOTOTHn, npapO.lI.HT€JJb JII06oro
OrHJI npe>K.lI,e Beero JI.OMaIliHero OGara.
D.oMaIliHHH ollar oeeTHH - Belllh B peJIHrH03HOM CMbJCJle CJlO>K-
HaJl. O.lI,H8 H3 ero llaCTeH, KOTOpOH npHJI.aeTCJI oc06afl Ba>KH,?CTb,-
3TO, HeCOMHeHHO, u.enb, non.BeIlieHHaJl Han. orHeM. Y 3TOH uenH.
rrexys, CBOH .lI,yx. CBOH: oco6b1H: nOKpOBHTeJJb MY>KCKOrO nOJla-
Ca4>8, KOTOpblH Q8CTO 'YnOMHH8erCH B CK33aHHJlX H npHMeTbJ KOTO-
poro Bc. MHJIJlep OIlHCbIBaeT TaK 20:
3TOro J\yxa oceTHHbI C'JHTaIOT nOKpOBHTeJleM UenH (plf'-
XbIC) AOMalliHero o'lara. no CJlOBaM raTHeHa, Cacpa AaJl nep-
BbIH 06pa3eu J\JlII CYll1eCTBylOll1HX Ha 3eMJIe ueneH H npoJ\oJI-
>KaeT TBOpHTb HX Ha He6e H B H3CTollll1ee BpeMII. B O'leHb
erne He.lI,aBHee BpeMJI, no 3aMeQaHHIO IlJaH8eB8, oceTHHbl,
YKJIaJ\bIHa" CBOHX AeTei!, nopY'IaJlH HX nOKpOBHTeJIbCTBY Ca-
<pbI. Oor JIa>KHBall roJlOBY pe6eHKa H 06BOA" PY.KOIO uenb Y
o'lara, OHH npOH3HOCHJlH C,lOBa: «a<p3, nO.MHJlYH. MOHX 6eA-
HblX .lI.eTeH. YKpenH HX }KH3Hb TBoeH TBepJI,OH CHJIOH HaBcern.a,
xpaHH HX OT He"llHCTblX H 3lbJX CHJI». 4T06b1 npe.n. o xp8HHTb
3AopoBbe .lI,eTeH, HM H3rOTOBJIHJIHCb a MYJleTbl B lleCTb Ca4>bL
Ha TpeTHii J\eHb BeJIHKoro nOCTa, H cpeJ\Y, AaBaJlH KY3Heuy
paCK8J1HBaTb caMble MeJIKHe npYTHKH >KeJIe38; 3TH KYCOQKH
38IliHBaJJH B JIaJI,aHKe BMecre C JIOCKYTKOM CYKHa HJJH rneJ1KO-
BOll MaTepHH, KYCO'-lKOM B8TbI H Bop06bHHblM nOMeTOM H 3a-
CTaBJIHJIH JI,eTeH: HOCHTb Ha Iliee. I1MH Ca4>bI nOMHHaeTCJI npH
npHCJlre: npHHOCH IlpHCJlry, OCeTHH CTaHOBHTCH nepe.lI, 0l:l8rOM
H, .lI,ep>KaCb 38 l\enb. rOBopHT: «KJlJlHYCb 3THM npet:JHCTblM
19 OTHOCHTenbHO wac-ruxs Acy-riixs CM. HH>Ke, C 239-240 (B HBCT. H3J1,.
onyeHl:oI; TO lKe CM.: I1.IOMe3UAb )1(. OceTHHCKHH :moc H MHclIoJlorHH. c. 144-
148.-l1puMeq. nep.).
.. 03, II, 1882, c. 248-249.
111

30JIOTOM CaljJbI!» TpOraTb uenb He'lIlCTbIMII PYKaMII C'IIITaeT-
CH rpeXOM: 3a 9TO CaljJa MO>KeT HaCJlaTb Ha AeTeii HaKO>KHYIO
150"e3Hb. Opll 6pa'lHOM 015pH1U' llla<jJep TpHJKllbI OI5BOAHT He-
BeCTY BORpyr o'lara H Ha npOlllaHHe llaeT eii KOCHYTbCR ue-
nil. 3aTeM B 1l0Me MY>Ka TaKHM )f{e 015pa30M CHOBa nopY'IaeT
ee nOKpOBIITeJIbCTBY Ca<jJbL
CJlellOBaTeJIbHo. Ca<jJa - 9TO lIYX OCHOBIIOii MeTaJIJIH"eCKOii '1a-
CTH oqara. H TaKoll CnellH3JIH3aUHeH 06"bJlCHHeTCJI, nO'-leMY B pH-
TyaJIa II MH<jJOJIOrHll ero CBR3b1BaIOT C KY3I1eUOM,- He CJlY'IaiiHO
HeKoTop",e HH<jJopMaTopbI Bc. MHJIJIepa Ha3b1BaJIH CaljJy K 70MY
JKe 150roM Me'la H Bool5llle 0pY>KHR, He 60RCb npOTHBonOC7aBHTb
ero He6<;'CHOMY KpHeuy KYPllaJlaraHY, CTOJIb Ba)f{1I0MY nepCOHa)f{Y
CK838HHH. Ho Ollar npeJI.CT3BJIeH He TOJIhKO u.enblO If MeT8JIJ10M
:iTO npe1KJ1.e Bcero rOpflIl1.HH B HeM oraBb, KOTOpbIll, K3K" BCJlKHA
Orollb, nOAJle)f{HT IOpHCAHKUIIH COJIllua.
06bIllHoe, t5bIToBoe CJIOBO, 03HaQ.i:HOIuee orOHb,- art, 38KOHO-
MepllO _npOIlCOAHllle OT OllleHpaHCKoro Ha3BaHH>!, KOTopoe B
aBeCTm!CKOM CTaJIO "tar-, athr- (c MeTaTe30H, KaK B CJIOBaX fyTf.
furt - «Cblll, a BeCT. puthra). Ho era KYJlbTOooe Ha3BaHlle - B
TOM CJIY'Iae, KorAa pe'lb IIAeT 015 ome O'IaTa,- 9TO HpOH. lErt-xu-
ran, AHr. lErt-xoron (c 3aKOHOMepllb!M COKpalllelllleM lIJJHTeJIbHO-
CTH HaqaJlbHOll fn3cHoi'I)2I, 06pa30B8HHoe B TOqnOCTH. K8K ItMJI
ynoMHIIYToro BbIUJe Hel5ecHoro KY3Heua. Kurd-alregon - «KY3HeU
H3 pOlla AJIara», -on - 06bI'IlI",ii naTpOIlIlMH'IeCKllii Cy<jJIjJIIKC.
lErt.xuron -370, CTaJIO I5bITb, «oro lib H3 pOAa COJlHua» II,
KOHe'IHO, TO'IHee, KaK roBOpllT B, H. A6aeB 22, «Orollb COJJllue-
BH'I» (cp, Cyryxon Comaq - UOMaK UllpHXOBH'I). HanpllMep,
011 IjJllrypHpyeT (HJIH IjJHrypHpoBaJl CTO JIeT Ha3aA) B Ba}K-
Hoii H, KaK nOKa3blBaIDT cpaBHellllR, apaHqeCKOH JIHTyprIlH.
00llo15110 TOMY KaK ApeBIIHe pHMJlHHe. B03HeCH MOJleHHH noo'lepel!-
HO K lIeCKOJlbKHM 60raM, B 3aKJlIO'Ielllle BcerAa 06palllaJlHCb K Be-
CTe, nOll06Ho 70MY KaK B «ABeCTe» nocJle OCTaJIbHbIX CYIllHOCTeH,
KOTpbIMH 30poaCTpll3M 3aMeHIIJJ 60raB, Ha3bIBaeTCR ATap (Slclla
I, 2, 70, 2; Cpo 4, 2; 13, 4), oceTHH'" 3aKaH'IHBaJlII CooH KOJIneK-
THBllbIe MOJIIITBbI 06pallleHHeM K AYXY AOMalllHero O'lara 23. }J.eHCT.
BHTeJlbHO, B qeCTb K8Koro 6b1 CBJlTOrO tiJl" D.yxa HH n.aB8nCJI
npa3AHHK, eMY nOCBRlllaJlOCb BTopoe 06pallleHHe B OC7anbHOM lIe-
H3MeHHoH MOJlHTBbI, KOropylO CTapbIii aBTop MecTHoro npOl-lCXO)f{lle-
HHH lIa3bIBaJI «06IlleH» 24 II B KOTOpoii Ka>KllOe 06pallleHHe OTHOCH-
JlOCb K OAHOMY H3 nepcoHaJKeii MHIjJOJlOrHH. Bcera B TeKCTe 'IeTbIp-
HalluaTb 06palllellHH BMeCTe C MellHlOlllHMCH BTOpbIM (nepBoe OT-
.21 cpo <:ertgnreg-c;rpelOI.JJ;Hii» (0 TonKe, 0 M3lUHue). art-arORb Krenre g -
«faclens. '
:: B. H. A6aeo, H3CO, I, 1959, c. 182.
Cp_ c. 55 (no nooOAY Tblxona). .Vesta extrerna».- R EL 3 9 1 961
c. 250-257. .' . ,
c. 2t.' B. raTHen. CyenepHJI " npe,ApaccYJI.KH Y OCCTHH.- CCKr, IX. 3. 1816.
112
IIOCHTC>! K Bory - Xucau); nOO'IepellHO ynoMHHalOTCH AYXH - no-
KpORHTeJIH nYTHHKoB, >K3TBbI, CeJIa, 3JI,OpOBbJl JlIOn.ell H CKOT3, Jl.y-
XH, liTO OTBpawalO7 H HCTpe6JIJlIOT BparOB, CTeperYT CT3.n.a H Jleca,
J\a)f{e J\YX BeTpHIIOii ocn",; H HaKOlleu, cJle!J.YeT nOCJlellHee 06pallle-
HHe, KOTopoe B 1876 1". B. faTHeB nepeBoAHJI TaK: ,,0 XypaTXypoH,
y Tel5H eCTb AOCTyn K Bory, npocIIM Te6R, YMOJIH ero nOCJlaTb HaM
CBOIO MHJIOCTb H WeJI,POTlJl!»
3TO BecbMa noxO>Ke Ha Te MOJlHTBbI, KOTopbIe BO MHorHX BeJlH-
":IeCKHX fHMHax, B03HOCHMblX OJI,HOBpeMeHHO pa3HbIM 60>KeCTBaM,
06pallleHbI K ArHH - nOCJlaHIIHKY H JlIOAeH H 60roB, npH'IeM H K
HeMY TaK>Ke 06blQHO B3b1BaIOT no.n. KOHeu.
HMH, Xuratxuron, KOTOpoe B. faTHeB nepeBoAHT KaK "OraHb,
COTOBapHIll COJlHua», Ha caMOM AeJle cJleAyeT '1HTaTb Xur-re(r)t-
xuron (faTHeB He AeJlaJI rpacjJH'IeCKHX pa3J1H'IHii MeJKllY A H lE);
OHO ABa)f{llbl COAep)f{HT Ha3BaHHe COJIHua: "COJlHue-Orollb, CbIH
COJlHua». Bc. MHJlJlep cJ\eJlaJl K faTHeBY cJleAYlOlllHH BepHbIH
KOMMeHTapHH 25.
MOJKHO llYMaTb, 'lT0 370 IIMH - BapHaHT Ap7ypoH'a H 'ITO
no.lI, nOCJIe.n.HHM CJle.a.yeT BH.lI,eTb 3eMHoH oroHb, OJIHUeTBOpe-
Hlle He6ecHoro orllH COJlllua. Ha 370 HaMeKaeT H yl5eJKAellHe,
'ITO ApTXYPOIl llaCbIJlaeT lIaKO>KHbIe 6oJle3HH '6, nOTOMY '1TO
nOCJIeJI,HHe, no H3pOJI,HblM cyeBepHJlM, H3XO.lI,JlTCJI B CBJl3H C
orHeM H COJIHueM.
C Y'IeTOM Bcero 9Toro B03MOJKIIO, 'ITO H JlY'Ie3apHaH lIO'lb
COJlHua, cnYCTHBlllaHCH C lIe6a H3 3eMJlIO H CTaBlllaH JKeHOH repOH-
lIeJIOBeKa, B 60JJee .lI,aBHHe BpeMeHa HMeJla npJlMOe OTHOIlIeHHe K
CTOJlb Ba>KHOMY npeJI,MeTY, KaKHM C1.J:HTaeTCJI B oceTHHCKHX J10Max
Ollar, KOTopblll K TOMY >Ke Henocpen.cTBeHHo CBJl3aH C X03J1llKoH.
Pa3Be lie rJlaCHT oceTHHCKoe H3pe'lellHe, npHnllcbIBalOlllee eH <jJYHK-
nHH 01J3ra 27:
«Yc X"byaMre ya xreA3apreH iire rbIUUbIJI xyp, iire 3reJ\bI xaH,
6recTre '1H TaBbI iire aJlljJaM6J1aH».- «)j(eIlIllHHa AOJl)f{lIa
6bITb COJlHbIlllKOM CBoera 1l0Ma, '1aCTblO era zred'a (Ayxa-
xpaHHTeJlH), TOH, -'ITO corpeBaeT (KopeHb "tap!) npoCTpaHcT-
BO BOKpyr ce6H».
2.5 Bc. MHJIJIep. 03. 2, c. 266-267. c6nHHCan C 3THM Bblpa1KeHHeM H83B3HHe
60JlbWOrO HonorOJI,Hero PHTYaJIbHOrO nlipora. eCTb KOTOpliD: .a.OJ11KHbI TOJlbKO 'lne-
"Ii ceMbH, 6e3 'lY1KUX. D.a.UH U3 HHopMaTopoB Be. Munnepa, TYI\KaeB, npe,!l.Jlo-
)f{HJI TaKoe npOH3BOJIbHOe TOJIKOBaHDe: Xur red-xuron (COJIHne e (red) pO,AHlIeM
COJIHLl3). Bonpoe 6b1J1 CHOBa nOCTaOJIeH B. H. A6aeobiM B O,Slc1>, I. c. 70. H B ero
C00611{eHHH H3 XXV KOHrpecce BOCTOK()ne.n.OB B MOCKoe (aDrycT 1960 r.)- c. 11
AOKJI3Aa «JJOXPBCTB3HcKaH peJIDfHH ana">_
26 Ewe o.a.Ha CBH3YIOll.{3H HHTb Me}l(.a.y COJIHe'lHIiM Of HeM H OtlaroM. CM_ BblllJe
o CactJa: TOT, KTO KOCHCTCH nenD OQ3ra rpH3HblMH PYK3MH, U3Bne'leT H3 CBOHX
ACTeD: KO}l{HYIO 60Jle3Hb.
21 MHJIJlep _ c1>peHMaH, O.ceTHHCKO-PYCCKO.HeMeUKHH CJJOBapb, III, 1934.
C. ] 179, tavyn.
8 3ak. 772
113

B HTOre AllblpyXC. AO'lb COJI Hila H meHa BeJIHqaHIlIerO repOIl
nepeCTaB 6blTb npeAMeTOM KYJIbTa H npeBpaTHBIlIHCb B CKa30qHblI!
06pa3. BHAHMO. HaCJIeAOBaJIa TOH «fecTHH". 'I<Tti"l. KaK HMeHyeT
ee no-rpeqeCKH fepoAoT. nOAqepKHBaR ee BaJKHYIO pOJIb. B qaCTHO-
CTH, B lIapCKHX AOMax H Ra3blBaR nepBoH H3 Bcex KYMRPOB naHTeo-
Ha KaK nepBoe Ha 60JKeCTB nepBoH BeJ1HqHHbI (IV. 59). no ero
CJIOBaM. lIapb HAaHTRpcHC B CBoeM ropAOM OTBeTe Ha YJIbTHMaTYM
JJ:apHI! (IV. 127) HaaBaJI ee «lIapHlieH CKH<jJOB»; H OHa I!BHO pac-
CMaTpHBaTCJl B CH3 c. «uapCKHMH O'-laraMH», 80 MHO>KecTleHHOM
qCJIe, ,,,, ""'hi'2, !<Tt,,,,. KOTOpblMH CKH<jJbI no 06b1qalO
(vo,,"o,) KJIRJIHCb B caMblX TOpJKeCTBeHHblX cJlyqaRX.
nOHI!THO, qTO. nepeqHCJlRI! rJIaBHblX TY3eMHblX 60roB (4, 7).
fepoAOT He nponycTHJI HMe"H CKH<jJCKOH feCTHH. npHqeM OHO eAHH-
CTBeHHoe, CMbICJI KOToporo IIceH cpa3Y JKe. T,,,,;. TO eCTb
«fpelOlljall»-c03ByqHOe HMeHH J1yqe3apHOH HHAHi1cKOH Tapatt
ll?qepH COJIHlla 28. B oeTHHCKOM 3bIKe _ caHCKpHTCKOMY r JIaroJlY
tapah - «rpeeT> (tapta «HarpCTbIH») AeHCTBHTeJlbHO COOTBeTCTBY-
lOT. tavyn - «rpeTb» (tavd - «HarpeTbti\») C «a» BOCXOAlIlljHM K
..:J.peBHe ll,OJlrOH  r JlaCHOH a T3K>Ke q,OpMbI C «re»: BOCXO.ll,HWHM K
ApeBHeH KpaTKOH rJIaCHOH. KaK: trevd - «ropllqHH, mapa» 29.
fepOIlOT He lIa3bIBaeT Ta6HTH HH AOqepblO KaKOra-JIH60 60ra-
60ra COJIHlla HJIH HHoro. HH 'lbeH-JIH60 cynpyroH; 011 He YKa3blBa-
eT c<jJepbI nOKpOBHTeJIbCTlla IIH OAHOro H3 nepeqHCJIlleMblX HM 60-
roB. He npHBO)\HT KaKHX-JIH60 OC06blX npHcYlljHX HM qepT; rOBopll
o rpeqeCKHX 6mKeCTBax. KOTOpble KamYTCII eMY 6J1HJKe Bcero K
CKH<jJCKHM. 011 oTMeqaeT J1HIlIb HX <jJYHKIIHH; KOpOqe. OR KacaeTCII
TeOJlOrHH. a He MH<jJOJIOrHH. Ho IICHO. qTO H MHlj)QJIOrHII. a 3HaqHT,
H 6paKH MemAY 60raMH. pOAOCJlOBHaR Y HHX TOJKe CYlljeCTBOBaJIH.
CYAII no BblpaJKeHHIO lIapll HAaHTHpCHca (fepOAOT. IV. 127).
MOJKHO npeAnOJIOJKHTb. qTO Ta6HTH HrpaJIa HeKYro pOJlb II MH<!>e 0
npOHCXO>KAeHHH nepBoro nOKOJleHHII B pOllY lIapeH: «CBOHMH roc-
no.n.aMH. CKBaaJl OH, JI npH3H81O TOJ]bKO 3eBca Moero npe.lJ.Ka Ii
fecTHIO. lIapIIY CKH<jJ?B». BYAyqH cHMMeTpHHbIMH, aTH ABa bl-
pa>KeHHII ("poTOvo; ""'kE'Cl). BHIlHMO, OTHOCHJIHCb K IlBYM
OD.HOpOJ],HbIM npe.n.CTaBJJeHHflM. CnelI.OB3TeJlbHO. BbIpa>KeHHe «Moii
I1pJI.OK» OTCblJI8eT Hac K JlereH.lJ.e H3 rJI.3BbI V, CafJIaCnO KOTOpOH
H B caMOM lleJIe 3BC C AOqep1O peKH BopHcljJeH nopOAHJI nepBo-
ro yeJIOBeKa B aTOH CTpaHe ("vpo; "PO""') - TaprHTa>l; HO TaprH-
TBH-3TO, KpOMe Toro, nepBbIH u.apb (apc 'tou 'h'po'tO\l aa"ke.o<;.
TapT'«"ov, 7), CbIHOBbll KOToporo - BTOpOH lIapb KOJlaKCaHC H
era 6paTbll, YBHAeJlH. KaK C He6a ynaJlH npeAMeTbI H3 roplllljero
28 C TOt! JKe BHOMaJlHeii (apX3Ji1leCKOH 3HOM3J1HeH) B CJfoBoo6pa3D03HHH KO-
TOpaJi. 6una CBOHCTseHH3, nO-J:IH.a.HOMY, npHQaCTHHM H3CTOflu.{ero OpeMeH" B POJIH
npHnaraTeJTbHblX (t, a He nt; j3ratl B cPHrseJl,e», brhati Y>Ke HHJJ;OHp3RCKoe) 4>0-
AeTHQeCKH OHM 6b1J1H C611H)f{eHU Y. BpBHJ1eHlllTeiiHOM (W. Brandenstein) B. «Die
bt.mmungss.gen de, Sky then>. WZKM, 52, 1953-1955, c. 191 (H >Ke B
c:Ree des Etudes Indo-Ell£opeennes», 6yxape<:T, 3, 1943, c. 85). Y
06 OMo4JoHHblx KOpHflX tap- CM_ y r. Y. fuHJlH «arys 4» - BSOAS 26
1963. c. 83-89. .. .
114
30JIOTa, CHMBOJIbI Tpex <PYMKUI1H (KYJIbT, BoitHa, naXOTa); HMH Ma-
TCpH 3Toro u.apH, >KeHbl nepBoro, He YK33bIBaeTCH 30: MO>KeT 6b1Tb,
ona H eCTb Tat KOTopaH :-J3T€M 30BeTCfI feCTHeH, «uapHueH: CKH-
cPOB»? 11 eCJIH 3Ta Ta6HTH-reCTlUJ H B caMOM JI,eJle npOTOTHn
AllblpyXC. AOqepH CO,1Hlla, '" Aap B BH,1e ropHlljero 30JlOTa, na.
,nalOlllHH C He6a .lI.JiH ee Cbl1l3, BnOJIHe nOHHTeH.
H, nOA06HO TOMY KaK TanaTH. BonpeKH npHMOMY CMblCJlY CBoe.
ro HMeHH, 60JIbWe CBeTl1T, '-IeM rpeeT, OCJlenHTeJlbHO t5.necTHT, HO
He >K.>KeT, MO.>KHO .iJ.YMaTb, I.JTO H Ta6HTH  eC.,lH He B ee <PYHK-
unfix feCTHl-J, TO B ee OTJlOWeHHS1X C JIIO.lI.bMH -- 6blJI npHCYIll He
TOJIbKO >Kap, HO II 6J1eCK; ny qepTY BbIHBJlHel anHTeT (w) acyruxs,
cTaHOBHIl1.HH:CJI C06CTBCHHblM HMeneM Ta6HTH H3 nOCJIelI,HeM -;nane
ee CYIl1.eCTBOBaHHH, KOflla oHa npeBpaTHJIaCb B xYLl.mi<eCTBeHHbIH:
06pa3.
TaKOBbI CKH<pCKHe H OC€THIlCKHe JI,aHHble, KOTOPbl€, He HMeJl
OTHOIlIeHHJI K Ma3.lI.eHCTCKOMY I1paHY, npHMbIKalOT K HHJI.HHKOMY
<jJOJIbKJIOpy 0 CYPbe H ero J(OqepH H nOATBep>KJ\aIOT ApeBHOCTb
aToro <jJOJlbKJIOpa; KOJIbqyra. nOAapeHHall COJlHUeM CBoeMY 311TIO
CbI6aJIIIY, HanOMHHaeT naHIIHpH- BpO>KAeHHYIO npHHaAJIe>KHOCTb
CYPbH H era CblHa I<apHbl; Aoqb COJlHlla AlibIpyXC. KOTOpylO HlljeT
H nOJlyqaeT B .>KeHbI COCJIaH, COOTBeTcTByeT H3J1YllalOllleH: CBeT
TanaTH. KOTOpylO HlljeT H nOJlyqaeT B >KeHbI C3MBapaHa. Pa3JIHqHII
B BOnJlOlljeHHH TeMbI, B <jJa6YJI3X, KOHeqHO, CYlljeCTBeIlHbl- Aa H
KaK MOrJlO 6blTb HHalle B .lI.BYX CTOJIb pa3HbIX 06weCTB8X? 4TO Ka-
caeTCH .9nH30.lI.a C .lI.OlIepblO COJIH[W TO TYT Ba>KHeHIlIHe OTKJIOHe-
HHJI, nO-MoeMY, CJI€JI,YIOIllHe.
I1H.lI.HikK8H HCTOpHH He CTOJIbKO .:mHQeCKH BbIJI,ep>K3Ha, CKOJJbKO
3J1erH'IHa_ CaMBapaHa He npOHBJIJleT MY>KeCTBeHHblX qepT, OH
BCeUe.,10 npe.lI.aeTCH CBoeH CTpaCTH, OTllaHBaeTCJI, repHeT C03MaHHe,
3 Kor.lI.a BCe 3aK3H'-IHBaeTCH 6JIarOnOJIYllHO, 3a6b1BaeT n.a.>Ke 0 CBO-
HX 06113aHHOCTIIX Uap"- COCJlan-COCpbIKO, HanpOTHB. XOTII B APY-
rHX 06CTOflTeJIbCTBaX H npOflBJIJlJJ nopoH CJJa60CTb nepe.a. >KeHIUH-
HaMH 31. 3lI,eCb OCTa€TCH repoeM 6eCCTpaIlIHbIM, TBepJI,blM, 3HeprHll-
HbIM. 3£!BOeBaTeJIeM, KaKOB OH H eCTb no cBoell CYTH. I1H)].HHcKaH
HCTOpHfI BnJleT€Ha B reHeaJlorHIO: HHalle rOBOpJl, ueJ1b Bcero pac-
CKa3a 3aKJIIO'-IaeTCJI He B CllaCTbe lleJIOBeKa, cynpY>KeCKOH: qeTbI,.
a B pO>K.a.eHHH HX CblHa; KaK TOJIbKO .9TOT CblH p01K.lI.aeTCH, OTeu H
MaTb Y>Ke He HrpalOT HHKaKOH POJIH. H 06 HX nOCJIeAYlOlljeH >KH3-
lIH HHqerO He rOBopHTCH. B oceTHMCKOH: HCTOpHH I'JlaBHbIM nepCOHa-
1KeM KaK 6bIJI, TaK H OCTaeTCJI COCJlaH. I1MeJI JlH oH JI,€TeH: OT
AllblPYXC? MOJKeT 6bITb, HO K anocy OHH He OTHOCIITCII.
HaKOHeu. H B03MO>KHO, no Tall npH'IHHe, '-ITO pa3nHqUbI: npe.a.-
weCTBYIOIl1.He C06bITHH,-- C'-IaCTbe HH.lI.HH:CKOH qeTbI HHGeM He OMpa-
qaeTCII, TOrAa KaK nDeJIe 6paKa COCJIaHa H AllblPYXC repoll cpa3Y
30 .3TO YJ1HBJIfleT A. M. Xa3aHoB3 (COlI.HanbHBfI HCTOpHH CKHOB, 1975, C. 38)_
Ho TaK J:!H Y>K Ba>KHO ynoMHHaTb ee B 6ernOM paCCKE!'Oje. rJl,e B paC1.JCT 6epYTcH
JIHlllb :MY)KLJHUH?
31 HanpHMep. Kr, C 202-204.
8.
115

>Ke nOCTHraeT 6eJ13 H 6
TOi1 6e1l0i1 cooero pOII/n':.  ,:!,Me Ka 6b! COCTaBJIHeT C
'IepblO ConHua Cne.l\yeT «nnoxaH." opolliem. BCTpe'leit C 110-
H3-3a npoTHBOnOnO>KHOro noee BCTpe'la C j\O'lepblO Eancara H
06cToHTenbCTBax nocne 6 paK3 11 H e a HH" CocnaHa B IIBYX 3THx CXO>KHX
o CTynaeT cMepTb
T'laCTH 3TH paCXO>Kj\eHHH 06'bHCHHIOTCH .
'lHeM YPOBHei1 Ha KOTOpb!X CTOH C ,pa3YMeeTCH, pa3nH-
MepJlfl no IlIKne repOH'leCKHX UHHa H CocnaH-COCpb!KO,
HOH 06naCTH HapToBcKOro 3noca C . cnaH uapHT B 06Il1Hp-
eRafl <jJHrypa CpellH npellKOB naHlla:oapaHa - nHIlIb 3nH30IlH'le-
x. )l(EHmHHA C JIyqHCTOn PYKOn
B AEXA3CKHX H qEPKECCKHX CKA3AHH5IX
I
HapTOBcKHi1 3noc, HIlPO KOToporo, HeCOMHeHHO, cnO>KHJIOCb y
npellKOB oceTHH, 6b!n BocnpHHHT 60nbIllei1 'laCTblO HX KaBKa3CKHX
cocelleii H lIa>Ke COCeJlHMH HX cocelleit: B 06wHx 'lepTa X ero 3a-
HMCTBOBaJJH Ha BOCTOKe a6X83Ub1, llepKeCbI, OTAeJlbHbIe noce.neHHH
6aJlKaplleB, H8 CeBepO-BOCTOKe - qeqenUbI, HHrYlliH H KapalJaeBIUJI.
Y 3THX pa3HbIX HapolloB HapTb! 3a>KHnH HHoit >KH3HblO: xapaKTe-
pH neCKOJJbKHX repoeB, npHlleM C8MhlX npOCJl8BJ1eHHbIX, nOJ],Bepr-
...1HCb BCJlKOrO pOJI.8 H3MeHeHHJlM, HeKOTopbIe HX npHKJIlOlleHHJI 6b1-
JIH OT6pOIlleHb! H HM 6b!nH npHnHcaHbI IIpyrHe. a KpoMe 1'01'0,
nOHBHJIHCb HOBbie 06pa3b!, H60 TpaIlHUHOHHb!e MeCTHbIe repOH
npeBpaTHJIHCb B HapTOB H BOllinH B cTapylO KoropTY. HapYIlIHB ee
BHYTpeHHlO1O 3KOHOMHOCTb.
KOf.lJ.8 pe'-lb "J],eT 0 nepCOH3.>Ke HJlll :mH30.lJ.e. 38HMCTBOB8HHhlX
H3 oceTHHCKoro :=moca, TO Beer J],3 nOKa33TeJlbHO npOCJIeD,HTb, KaK
on 3BOJlIOUHOHHpOB8.r1 B 06ll1.eCTB3X C MHpOBocnpHHTHeM, OTJJHllHblM
OT TOro, B KOTOpOM OH 6bIn C0311aH. B KHHre «MH<jJ H 3noc"
(... I) OIlHa rnaBa 6b!na nOCBHweH3 TaKOMY paCCMOTpeIlHIO; OHO
KacaJIOCb lIeJIeHIIH lIei1cTBYIOWHX nHLl 3noneH Ha TPH KaTeropHH I:
'leTKOe H nOCTOHHHoe B CKa3aHHHX oceTHH, TpH<jJyHKUlloHanbHOMY
MHpOB033pel;IHIO KOTOpblX OHO COOTBeTCTBOBano, TpOH'lHOe lIeJIeHHe
CTYllieBblBaeTCJI Y BceX HapO.lJ.OB, KOTopbIe 3TOT 3noc 3aHMCTBOBaJIH.
H YCTynaeT MeCTa .'H60 ellHHOMY POllY (a6xa3UbI), nH60 MHOro'lHC-
neHHbIM pOllaM ('lepKeCbI), nH60 IIByellHHoit CTpYKType ('le'leHUbl H
HHrYIllH) .
He MeHee HHTepecHo 83rJUmYTb C 3TOH HOBOH CTOpOHbI Ha TO.
KaKHe H3MeHeHHH npeTepneJI 06pa3 AUbIpyXC. 3aHMCTBoBaHHbli1 Y
oceTHH '-lepKeCaMH H a6xa3U8MH.
Y>Ke HHrlle OHa He Ha3bIBaeTCH LlO'lepblO CO.1Hua, H Bce >Ke,
lJ.J1J1 Toro 'IJTo6b1 BCTp.eTI1Tb ee, repoH .lI,OJl>KHbI nO.lI.HflTbCfI .lI,o-
BOJIbHO BblCOKO B ropbl. XOTJI - Y a6xa3ueB no Kpaiillen Mepe-
«33BoeB8HHe» ee BocnpOH3BOJun BHellIHe, mutatis mutandis, npH-
, C. 457-484.
117

6b1THe COCJIaHa B 3aMOK ceMH 6paTbeO. I< TOMY >Ke Y Ha3BaHHblX
HapO.lJ.OB ee CBoikTBO CBeTHTb npOJlBJlHeTCJI 60JJee KOHKpeTH0 7 QTO
npeKpaCHO BbIpa>KeHO B "MeHH, .a3HHOM eM BOCTOQHbIMH qepK€C3MH
(Ka6apP HH uaMH, 6eCJIeHeeBuaMH),-'Ad"y(;:»h. B 3TOM CJIOJKHOM
CJ10B€ HeT 3araD,KH: 'a- 03HaQaeT JIIo6oi'i IIJ]eH sepxHeH qaCTH Te-
JI3 - OT nJIe'la po KHCTH PYKH, HO oc06eHHo KHCTb; 'a .d;:>y B 6YK-
B8J1bHOM CMbICJle CJlOB8 - npe.u.nJleQbe, KOTopoe 3anaJI,HbIe qepKe-
CbI (a6ap3exH, lllancyrH, 6JKepyxH, TeMHproHubl) Ha3b1BalOT 'a-IJan
HJlM 'e-hl; a h O - KopeHb npHJlaraTeJlbHOrO, 03HaQalOwero «6eJIblH,
CBeTJlbIH" (3an.-'lepK. f) H ynoTpe6JIHeMOrO 06b1'lHO, KaK H 66JIb-
lllaH 'laCTb npHJlaraTeJlbHblX, 03Ha'lalOmHX UBeT, C CY<P<PHKCOM - z':
rOBopHT hOaz' - «6eJlhlH», T8K JKe KaK ghaz' -- «>KeJlTbIH», p!ai'-
KpacHbIH" H T. p. TaKHM 06pa30M, 'Ad;:>yhO - Ta, y KOTOpOH HHJK-
HHH 'laCTb PYKH (HJlH PYK) - CBeTJlaH, OCBemalOmaH. H B caMOM
.lJ.eJle, HCTOIlHHK H3J1YQaeMOrO elO CBeTa - B YK333HHOH qaCTH TeJIa;
3T8 repoHHH B OTJlll'-me OT AllbIPYXC, coeTHBIlIeikJl. K8K H HIIJI.HH-
CKaH TanaTH, ueJlHKOM, He H3J1Y'laeT BOKpyr pacceHHHblH CBeT,
HO HanpaBJUIeT clIon JlyqeH, K3K H3 CBoero pOlla MaSIKa, KOTOpbIH,
nep eMe W 8 J1Cb no ee >KeJI8HHIO, BbIXB8TbIBaeT H3 TbMbI lleTKO Ofpa-
HH'leHHbIH Kpyr npOCTpaHCTBa. CneUHaJIU3aUHH a6xa3CKOH repOHHH,
HMfI. KOTOpOH He Ha3hlBaeTCfI., eute Y>Ke: BO MpaKe KaBKa3CKHX
TeCHHH MaHKOM y Hee CJIY>KaT He KHCTH PYK, a JlHlllb OPHH H3
MH3HHueB.
BOT nepeBop OPHoro a6xa3cKoro cKa3aHHH, ony6J1HKoBaHH"'H B
1962 r.2:
HenpHcTynHa 6"'Jla oepwHHa, Ha KOTOpOH JKHJlH 6paTbH
H3 nJleMeHH aHprb. ElUe HenpHCTynHee 6b1J1 HX PBOpeU, 803-
JI,BHfUYTI:lH 113 nTH'-lbHX KocTeH Ha 3TOH BepIlIHHe.
OPIfH JlHlllb Be-rep POJleTaJl po CTeH PBOpua, BeTep I\a
COJlHe-lHble JIY'-lH Ii TYIlM He6eCHble. B HeHaCTHbIe .lU-IH J],BOpeu.
Ka3aJICH cepOH T}''leH cpepH cepbIX TY". A B 6e306.na'lHbIH peHb
OH ro.1y6eJI Ha roJly60M He6e. H TPy AHO 6bIJlO pa3J1H'lHTb ero
roJly6H3Hy.
B "TOM-TO pBopue H >KHJla KpacaBHua, ceCTpa ceMH 6paTb-
eB aHprb_ HeB03M01KHO onHcaTb JlHU,O ee, CBepKaBlllee. TO'-lHO
MeCfl.ll, ee nOXOJI,KY, HanOMHI-iaBIIIYIO 6er Jl8HH, H CTaH ee-
CTaH MOJlOPOH cepH"'. nepBOpopnau KpaCOTa ee Ka3aJIaCb
Be'-lHOiL
JJ:06pau CJlaBa 0 ceCTpe 6paTbeB aHprb pa3HeCJlaCb BO
Bce CTOpOHbI CBeTa. H HeYPHBIfTeJlbHO, 'ITa B OllHH npeKpac-
HblH .n.eHb, OCe.lI.JlaB CBOHx KOHeif, HanpaBlli1HCb KO llBOpL(Y
6paTbeB aHprb HapT CacpblKBa H repOH HapPJKxoy.
EX8J1H BHTfI.=- pa3HbIMH nYTflMM. Ho MblCJlH HX 6bIJIH CXO.lI.-
HbI"H H HeMy-"peHo, 'lTO COWJlHCb HX PoporH. Pa3Be Hapo
6bI'IO 06"bHCHHTb MM, KY.lI.3 H 3alleM e.lI.CT K8>KJJ,bIH H3 HHX?
2 npHK.'I., c. 207-216, DO,a. IIa30aHHeM «HecpaoHeHH3S1 HeOeCTKa l-IapTOo».
118
e M CH1bHbIe RaK He K
Ky;"\a >Ke MorYT CTpeHTbCH MOJlO1\bI . ,
ceCTpe 6paTbeB aHprb. lllalllKH OHH 06Ha>KH,'H HX
BCTpeTHBIlIHCb, OHM 06Ha>KHJIH r JI, . ra OHM npOTflUYJIH
pail H npeilOCTOPO>KHOCTH. Y3HaB pp!.. Pl'J.,lll K ueJIIf CBoero
PYKH B 3HaK PPYJK6bl If ompaBHJlM ,
nYTellIeCTBHH. KO HeH H HOtler, exaJIH BH-
LI.onO.lI.JlHHHO neH3BeCTHO, CKOJIb .n. nOrtHO>KHIO BbICOKOH
H 0' 1 110. n p H6bIJIH OHH K A
TH3H. 3BCCTHO r . M 11 OHM .n.ora.lI.8J1HCb,
ropbl, KOTOpau BbICIfJIaCb COBceM P:pa .ceMH 6paTbeB aHprb
'-ITO HaXOJI,flTCfI HcnOJI,8JleKY OT ::CT CBeT CBOCfO MM3HHUa,
H liTO 3TO OHa, eeCTpa HX. H3JlY alO Il1.HXCH e ,lI,06bI'-IciI. npHBeT-
npHBeTCTBYH 6paTbeB, B03Bp a lU 3
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OT noro COlO3a pOPIfJIHCb TPH V6HJI X H OCTaJICH 6e3
CTHOMY CTelleHHIO 06CTOHTe:::Mwe 6eAbI: OH nOOllepelI. HO
T3K Ha'-lHMaIOTCJI ero HeeKO 3Hb 3.n.eCb MbI KOCHeMCH
)KeMY, KOHH, ceeTpy, H3KOHeu, >KM. 4
A06pOBOJlbHOH rn6eJIIf «ceCTpbl 6paTbeB aHprb» .
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;CTHH 'leJIOBeK, co6cTBeHHopY;HO nory HBlllHH
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CacpblKBa no-npe CJlaBY H O'leHb 'laCTO 0 -
6POPHJI no 6eJIY ceTY, P06b1BaJl OB H Tma OpOlllaJlaCb 3eM-
Ha>K3J1 OH MC'-l CBOH rrpoTMB Bpar ,
Jlf! nOTOKaMH KpOBH. 0 HaKO oqeHb '-l3CTO BbIPY'-l3J13
A >KCHa ero CH.lI.eJIa .lI.OMrVtH:HHeu ee H3JJY'-l3JI HpKHH CBeT
OHa MYJKa CBoero M3 6eJ],bl_ 3 J cocnY>KHJI BeJIHKYIO C1Y>K6y Be4
B HOqH, M 3TOT CBeT He pa
JlHKOMY HapTY. CH CacpbIKBa POMOH nOCJIe 60H.
BOT, CKaJKeM," B03Bpam aeT T TeMHaH. [YCTO;; TyMaH CTe-
EpeT H3HypeHHbIH, a HO'lb crOH HO'lb 6e, orHH H >KeHa
JIeTCf! nO 3eMJle. TpY.lI. HO B T3KY T IO eB aM rb BbICOblBaeT H3
CacpbIKBbl, CJIaBHaH ceCTpa 6pa b HbIH PJIU n p ope3aeT TeM-
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OKHa CBOH M, OT MOCTa 'lepe3 Ky HHY po
HYlO HO'lb, OCBemaH BClO popory H epeT CacpbIKBa 110 oCBe-
caMoro nopora AOMa CacpbIKB. 6 P aeTcH po nopora CBoero
U ore TO'-ll-IO .lI.HeM. ,u.,0 H
i:HOeH., CJIaBHOH cecrpe 6paTbeB aHprb:
- JJ:06PbIH Be'lep! blH cxoP bbIJlH 3peCb
OJl.Ha}f{AbI 6bIJI C03BaH M-IrlIcaMOM KHue 3acnopH-
HapTbI, .n.a H IIC TOJIbKO OMM_
148--153 nCpCBo,D.HMOH I\HHrH) - pac.
3 HH>Ke on}'ll1eH KOHCU. CK33allHSI (c. cnexa !l:06HB3CTCfI HMeHHO Cae.
CK3a 0 TOM, KaK 83 ,D.O}'X >KeHHXOO Kpaeca: Boe 4Y.lleCHOM KOHe. npeOAOJ1eB
pNKBa: c COrJIaCHfi ,a.eBYlllKH Oll nOXHll1a T . _ -.
Bce npenHTCTOHSI. CflpLlMett. nep_). K3K nor3C ('BenlU.{HHCH MH3HHel.l .
. n p HKJI_. c. 250-255. no.ll JarOJIOBKOM «
119
HeC'-la-
peTeii.
TepHeT
J1HWb

Jm HB 3TOM CXO)le HapTN co CBOHM ,MJJaAllI"M 6paTOM Cac.
pNKBO". Pa3rOpeJJCII >KapKHH cnop. H CacpNKBa He BNllep_
)!{aJJ. OH CKa3aJJ CBOHM CTaplllllM 6paTbliM TaK:
- KaK"e }j(e BN He6JJaroilapHNei CKOJlbKO 6CA " nepe.
Hec 113-3a Bac, a BN TaK rpy60 CO MHOH pa3roBapilBaeTel
OIlIlH 113 lIapTOB CKa3aJJ:
- KaK o6uarJIeJJ nOT CacpNKBa!.. KaKlle >Ke TaKue 6e.
Phi 113-3a Hac TN uepeHec? J].a pa3Be TN MY>K'IIIHa? TN Jly"we
61 6JJarOAapHJI CBOIO >KellY 3a TO, "TO BOiJ.!!T Te611 aa Pyq.
KY. l3e3 ee MII311Hua TbI AaBUO 6N noru6!
TOJIbKO noro H >KJJ,aJl l!aCMelllUIlK fYTcaKbli.
.-- nOCJJyrnaHTc MeUli. BeJJIIKlle HapTN! - KPIlKUYJJ OH.-
C.nymai'ne MHF.: BC!
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1TO 6bI co MHOH HH CJIY1.J.HJ10Cb. eCJm MCHP. lla>KC H3 KYCKH
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6e B 3TOM!
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BbtTepneJIa: BLlCYHYJI3-TaKH tH3HHeu. 113 OKua.
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Ha3aA, HccTynJIeHHO pJK3JIH... B KOHu.e KOHU.OB CacpblKB3
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HYJJ!!. pBaHYJJ!! B CTOPOIlY II nOJJeTe,lH B Ky6I1HY. Ha TY
nopy pCKa 6b1JJa nOJJHOBOJjIlOii, 6YPJJII."" ee yrpIOMble BOJJHbI.
Ii TOT'IaC nOlleCJJO CacpbIKBY Hero KOllel1 npllMO K BO)lO-
BOPOTY.
CJJaBHa" cecTpa 6paTbeB allprb BnlleJJa Bce, 'I"fO npoll30-
llIJIO. OHa 6pOCHJIaCb K K3MeHHoMy MOCTY. ropbKO pblll,aH.
- 0, r.ne TbI? )KHB JIH?- n1l3K3.na OHa.
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- 51 BHHOBHHua TBOCH rH6eJ1H! - BCKpH'-l3J13 CJIaBHaH
eeCTpa 6paTbeB allprb II npblrlly"a C MOCTa B peKY.
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KOfJl,8 He CMeHJlHCb TaK HapTLI. OHM XOXOTaJ1M, OT XOXOTa y
UIIX KpY>KlIJJnCb roJlOBN, n na,llaJ!1I HapTbI na3eMb.
tho OCTaBaJJOCb ,IleJJaTb CaepblKBe? npllUJJIOCb eMY OCTa.
.BlITb CXOJJ, II lIJjTn JJ,OMO".
- nO'leMy TN TaKO" rpYCTHbli\? - CnpOCHJJa ero !Kella.
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fipOlliJJO Tpn Jjll". HaCTaJla nopa ca611paTbCli B HOBNi\ no-
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CJ(8aaJJ:
- CBeT T80ero MJl3HHua He pa3 cnacaJI MeUH, HO ltOBOlfb-
JlO, He XOqy II UOJIbllIe nOMOUl,H TBoeH.
)!(eua ero. CJJaBUa" eeCTpa 6paTbeB allprb. O'leHb orop'ln-
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CK8.3aJIH Tefie. lITO Ge3 .>«:eHLI cBoeH. .neCKaTb. TLI Hl1lIero He
CTOHIllb.
- MO>KeT 6NTb. II CKa3aJJII, a MO>KeT 6bITb, II HeT,-
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me He cMeH CBeTHTb!
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121

GHa yna.qa Ha CKa.qy, OCTPYIO, KaK Me, H KaMeUb paCCeK
eiI rpY,'\b Ha,'\Boe.
TaK noru6.1a e,'\HHcmeUllaH ceCTpa 6paTbeB aHprb, JlY-
LU.HI H3 >KeHlllHIl lIB 3eMJIe.
By, a CacpblKBa, 310T BeJlUKHH HapT? Be-r, ue noru6 OH,
He B3S1..,'Ja ero CMepTb. OH naXO,lJ.HJICII B nYIlHHe. 6bIJI HB BOJIO-
COK OT CMepTH. HO H }KH3Hb TO>Ke 6b1JI a pIl.JJ.OM C HHM
KaK H Y oceTHII, CacpbIKBa 3aBoeBblBae-r Jlye3apHYIO ,I\eBYIlI-
KY, HO CacpbIKBa 3,'\eCb OTMeeH 3BOJIIOllHeii, KOTOpyIO npe-repneJIH
y a6xa3u,eB H C8M on, H HapTOBCKHH 3noc B UeJIOM 5: npeBQCXO)JJI
IJ.OCTOHHCTB8MH seex npollnx HapTOB. CBOHX JI.eBIIHOCTO J1eBIITb
6paTbeB, CacpblRBa. O.D.HaKO, paCCM3TpHBaeTCII HMH K8K He3aKOH-
HOpO>KiJ,eHHblll; Bb13bIBaIl npe3peHHe. 38BHCTb. .a.a>Ke neHaBHCTb, OH
nOCTOHHHO CJIY>KHT MHweHblO J],JIH HaCMerneK. npOTHB Hero Ha-
npan.neHbl Hx 3arOBopbI. nOCJIe.QHHH H3 KOTOpbIX ,lJ.OCTHraeT u.eJIH:
H He K8KOIi-HH6Y.l1.b l-Ie6eCHbIH .l1.YX HaCblJIBeT Ha Hero CMepTOHOC-
1I0e KOJIeCO, a ern 6paTbH, KOTopble no!1. BH,I\OM HrpbI 6pOCIJT Ha
Hero TY c!{aJlY, TO nepe6beT eMY HorH 6.
Ho, nOBTopHeM. 3Ta pOKOB8H Hrpa - JIHIllb noc.neJl,HIIII B cepHH
nonblTOK; npe.lI.nOCJ1e.n.HHH H3 HHX - Ta, 0 KOTOpOH MbI TOJIbKO GTO
np04J1H: nO.%3YHCb 3y60CKaJlbCTBOM rYTcaKbH (a OH - a6xa3cKaH
pa3HOIIH,I\HOCTb oceTHHCKoro Cblp,I\OHa), ,I\eBIJHOCTO ,I\eBIJTb 6paTb-
eB BbIHY>KilaIOT COToro rop,I\eua omeprHYTb 06bIHO npHIIHMaeMYIO
HM Mepy npeAOCTOp01KHOCTH - CHon CBeTa. HCXO)JJIUI,HH H3 MH3HHua
>KeHbI; OHH 06peKalOT ero TeM caMbIM lIa HeMHHyeMoe HeclJaCTbe:
OH na,'\aeT B peKY, rile, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, !1.0Jl>Keu 6b1J1 YTOHYTb. Bo
HCTOpHH np01I.OJUKaeTCH: npoTHB BCHKoro 01KHltaHHH ero cecTpa,
HX 061l1aH cecTpa rYH,I\a cnacaeT CacpbIKBY H 3aTeM OL,aeTCH
>KHTb B ero )J.OMe, nO,lJ.aBaH TeM caMblM .a.eBSlHOCTa AeBHTH 6paTbHM
ell1e O,'\HH nOBO,I\ !1..qH 06H,I\bI; " Koma B OTCYTcTBHe CacpbIKBbI OHa
6YLIe I nOXHll1eHa HapMKXOY, HpOCTb 6paTbeB npeBblCHT BCIJKYIO
Mepy. Tor,I\a OHH H YCTPOHT no COBeTY KOJIL\YHbH Hrpy, B KOTOpOH
OH norH6HeT. T aKHM 06pa30M, pa3BHTHe ,I\eHCmHIJ npO,I\JleBae-rCH,
TO ,I\aeT CacpbIKBe OTCPOKY, a HTaTeJlIJ YBO,I\HT OT onHeaHH"
CMepTH B BO!I.ax peKH - HeH3BeCTHOH B oceTHHCKHX CKa3aHHHX H
Y,I\OM H36erHYTOii,- T06bI nO,I\BeeTH K HaCTOlJll1eH rH6eJlH repOlJ,
no q,opMe coomeTCTBYIOll1eii rH6eJlH Coc.qaHa.
llJIH CBeTHUI,eHCH >KeHl.l!HHbI 3T3 OTCpOlJK3. Ha KOTOpylO OHa.
KOBellHO, He Mor.Ha 113AeHTbCH. He HMeeT 3HaqeHHH: ,lJ.JIH Hee Cac
pblKBa 6bIJI Mepm, norH6 B BO,I\OBOpOTe peKH, H OHa HaJlO>KHJIa Ha
ce6H PYKH. I1CTOpHH ee, TaKHM 06pa30M, CTpOHTCIJ H3 ,I\BYX 9nH30-
Aoa, no CMblCJ1Y cooTBeTcTBYlOlllHX ABYM 1:mH30A3M >KH3HH Cocna-
Ha: C4aeT,1HBoMY 6paKY C AUbIPYXC H pOKOIIOii ccope C ,I\pyrOH ue-
6ecIloH >KeIlUl,HBOii - .l1.0QepblO BJI3.neJIbUa KOJIeca. B pe3YJIbT3Te
5 M3. P, c. 478 H npHMeil. I.
(; Loki, 1958, c. 222 (HeMeu,Koe H3,A. 1959, c. 167); npHK.1J.. c. 272-258, ,non;
33rOJlOBKOM «fH6ew'1b CacphlKBbI».
122
01IOUHH epe3 KOTOPYIO npOIlIJlO CKa3aHHe Y a6xa3ueB, JIBe
BeUI,HHbI' «)J.o6paH» H «3JIaH:», npe.n.cTaBJIeHbI B O)J.HOM JIHlle; npaB-
a 6bIJlO IsbI HecnpaBeil,qHBO cHTaTb, 4TO BO BTOpOM, 9nH30,I\e pe?
"-T 0 «3JIOH» >KeHll1HHe: CacpblKBa, OCKop6J1eUHblH HaCMeIlIKO
TcaKbH caM pe30K co cBoeii nOKopHOH cynpyroH, yrpO>Kae-r eH
H 3anpeaeT nOMoraTb eMY; liH O,'\Horo MrHOBeHHH ceCTpa 6paTb-
eB aHprb He npOHBJllJeT nO OTHOllIeHHIO K MY>KY Bpa>K,'J.e6HOCTH H
lie TaHT 06H)J.bl Ha Hero; H eCJIH B KOHue KOHllOB OHa v)J.onYCKae
OWH6KY TO nO onpOMeTHBOCTH, H3 6J1arHX n06Y>K,I\eHHH; H KOr,I\
OllB OCOHaeT, KaKoe npHGHHHJIa HeCIIaCTbe, OHa KOHGaeT C >KH3HblO
caMblM >KeCTOKHM 06pa30M. _
Mbl BHltHM. KaK I-IHTpHra 060raTHJI3Cb naTCTHKOH 4eJIOBeGecKHx
4YBCTB B ,I\BYX npOTHBOCTOHll1HX J\Pyr ,I\Pyry cl>eepHeCKHX aCTHX
OCeTHH!{OrO opHrHHaJla HH Y O,I\Hoii H3 ,I\BYX He6ecubIx >KeHll1HH
HeT CBoero JIHUa; nepBaH JIHllIb >K)J.eT, Kor)J.a ee nOXHTHT, H cno-
C06CTBye-r 9TOMY BTopaH npe,I\Jlarae-r ce6IJ, HO, nOJlYHII OTKa3,
CTHT CeCT p a X:e 6paTbeB aHprb noeJle CBoero Y,I\aHOrO 3aMY-
M . .. OT o p oii r py 6 JIl06H-
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MblH Ge..10BeK; BnocJIeAcTBHH. Kor.a.a BH)1HT ero HeOCTOpO>KHOCT:,
Bbl3BaHHYIO MY>KCKOH rOp,I\OCTbIO, TpeBO>KHTCIJ KaK 3,I\paBOMbICJI-
Ul,aH >KeHlllHHa. C031-IalOlllaSl BCIO Mepy onacHocTH; 3aTeM MYGHTeJIb-
HO KOJle6J1eTCH nepe,I\ BbI60pOM Me>K,I\Y nOKopHoCTbIO, KOTOPY
CIJHTaeT rH6eJIbHoH. H OCJlYIll3HHeM. OT KOToporo >KAeT cnaceHH
H3KOHeu. KorAa OCJIYllIaHHe npHBOJI.HT K TOMy, Gero, BepoHTHo. n
KOpHOCTbIO MO>KHO 6bIJlO 6bI 1I0npeKH O>KH,I\aHHIO H36e>KaTb, HaCTY-
naer 6e3blcxoAIwe OT1.J.aJnlHe.
2
npH HhlHelliHeM COCTOHHHH ny6J1HKaUHH H Ha OCHOB3HHH Toro.
'ITO MHe 6bIJlO C0061l1eHO H3 PYKonHcHblx apxHBoB HapO,I\HOrO
TBopeCTlla H Mory rOBopHTb 0 epKeCCKoii repoHHe MHIOX JlHllIb
co CCbIJlKOA Ha BapH3HTbI, KOTOpb1e 6HJIH 3anHcaHbl Y BOCTOGHblX
epKecoB - Ka6ap,I\HHlleB Ii 6ecJleHeeBlleB. O,I\lIaKo, CY,I\H no HeKO-
TOpblM pa3p03HeHHbIM ynoMHHaHHHM II ,I\PyrHx HCTOPHHX, OHa H3-
BeCTHa H 33naAHLlM Gep KeC3M.
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TO GTO COCT3BJlHeT eJI.HHCTBeHHbIH npeAMeT paCCKa3a B oceTRHCKOM
oprHl-laJIe H OCTaeTCH Ba1KHbIM B a6X33CKOH nepepa60TKe: v3aBoe-
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lIeJJHKaHOB HJlH ceMH 6paTbeo. LJ:epKecaMH OHa BnepBbIe BbIBO,I\H1-
CIJ Ha cueHY Y>Ke 3aMY>KHeii >KeHll1HHOii, KOTOpalJ, nO-BH,I\HMOMY,
,I\3BHO Y>Ke perYJllJpHO CJJY>KHT cBeToeM H.;"H, BepHee, MaHKO ,I\:o
MY>Ka KOr,I\a OH B03Bpall1aeTCH H3 pa360HHH%HX Ha6erOB. a
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6ap,I\HHCKHX BapHaHTax OH OCTaeTCIJ aHOHHMHblM, B ,I\PY )
6ap;J.HHCKOM BapHaHTe HMeHyeTcH nCa6bIL\a,}0 eCTb «,I\YX (pse
CliJlbllbIH (bade)>> - nepCOHa>K, HeH3BeCTHbIlI ,I\PyrHM HapO,I\aM.
123

B KB6BPJ!HHCKHX BBpHBHT3X no KpBMHeM Mepe nOHBJlHeTCH, H BO
BceH eBoeM CJI3Be. C3YCblPblKO - no B lI.OnOJ1HHTeJ1bHOM 3flH30.Qe
KOTOpbIM CHOBB onpOKIIJ!bIBBeT BCIO J!pBMBTII'IeCKYIO CTPYKTYPY
pBCCKB3B.
BeCJleHeeBCKoe CKB3BHlle reorpBcjJII4eCKH npllBH3BII0 K onpeJle-
JlellllOMY MeCTY. BOT nepeBoJ! TeKcTB, KOTOpblM XpBlIlITCH B MBM-
KonCKOM BpxlIBe, B Mile 6bIJI co06111ell A. M. rBJ!BrBTJleM.
1I:0M AIWIOX CTOIIT B IIBllJlIX KPBHX, liB CKJlOlle ropbl. Ec-
JIH CMOTpeTb Emepx OT nOJ1HQ1KHR ropbl. OH Ka>KeTCII COBceM
MBJlellbKIIM. K HeMY BeJ!eT 4TO-TO BpOJ!e JleCTIIHUbL..
llOM 3TOT nYCT; TOJIbKO Ha CTeHax HapnCOBaHLI KOJIbl6eJIb
II KpecT. HenOJ!BJIeKY BIliJ.1I0 4TO.TO J!JlIIIIIIOe, CJlOBIlO 06yr-
JleHlloe. PBCCKB3bIBBIOT, 4TO 3J!eCb 6bIJI MOCT. rOBOpHT, 4TO
B 3TOM J!OMe >KIIJlH MIlIOX II ee MY>K. MY>K AiJ.IlIOx 6blJl 60Jlb-
llJlIM pB360MIIHKOM. HBnpOTIIB TOro CKJlOIIB, me CTOHJ1 JlOM
MY>KB H _>KellbI, B03BbIlliBeTCH J!PyrBH ropB, B Me>KJ!Y ropBMH
fiblJI npOTHIIYT nOJlOTIIHllbIM MOCT. H3 CBoero J!OMB AiJ.HIOX
npOTHrIlBBJ1B BnepeiJ. 6eJlbIe KBK cller PYKII, HX CBeTOM OCBe-
I11BJIB MOCT, nO KOTOPOMY MY>K ee OTnpBB,1H.CH B CBOII IIB6e-
rll. 011 4BCTO YXOJ!IIJ1 B 4Y>Klle KPBH Ii, nOXHTHB TB6YII JlOllJB-
.n.eil. nepeBOAHJI HX no nOJIOTHHHOMY MOCTY.
O.u.ua>K.lJ.bI MY>K CTaJ1 nOXBBJIHTbCH nepelI, AJl,Hlox:
- 51 B caMOM AeJIe GeJIOBeK CnpaBl-lbIH. MorytlHH: BHlI.HllIb.
CKOJIbKQ H rOHIO JIOllIaAeH! MbI }KHBeM IlIHpOKO Ha TO, lITO H
J!06bIBBIO pB360eM!
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ECJ1H Tbl CYMeellib npHfHaTb ClOAa Ta6YH JIOllIBJl,eH 6e3 VleHSI.
TOf.n.a TLI I\eHCTBHTeJIbHO YlY>KLJHHa.- OTBeTHJIa An.mox.
- '4eM Tbl. meHlllHHa. MO>Kelllb nOMQGb MHe B pa36oe?
}I MY>K41111a H lie n03BOJllO rOBOpllTb Mile TBKHe Bel11l1! CeM-
4BC >Ke OTnpBBJlIOCb H npllrollIO TB6YII JlollJBJ!eii. 1I:0KB>KY Te-
6e, 4TO Mory PB360MIIIIQBTb II 6e3 Te6H!
011 nepenpBBIIJlCH 4epe3 peKY, 3BXBaTIIJI TB6YII JlOllJB'J.ei1
H B03BpalllaJlCH J!OMOI', rOllll IIX nepeJl. C060M. KorJ!B 011 6b1J1
Y>Ke liB nOJmYTIl (liB MOCTY?), MHIOX y6pBJlB CBOIO 6eJlYIO
KBK cller PYKY, KOTOpyIO K lIeMY npOTllrIlBBJlB. H lIacTynHJla
KpOMelliHaH TbMa.
)KIIBoTllbIe II MY}f( MIllOX nonaJ!BJlH B BOJ!Y II YTOIIYJlII.
OIlB TYT >Ke Y3I1BJ1B, 4TO MY>K ee YTOHYJI: KBK MorJla OIlB
06 3TOM He Y3HaTb? fOBOPS:tT. OHa caMa nOlllJIa. BbiTalllHJI8
Tpyn H CJIO>KHJIa nOMHHaJIbHYIO necHio. 51 HeMHoroe 3HaIQ H3
3TOi'i neCHIi. B neAt Me>KAY npot.JHM. eCTb TaKHe CTHXH 7:
7 ::ho CTHXH, KO'lYI01Ll.He H3 neeH" B necluo. Hx npoH3HoCHT TaK>Ke EopeJk
Ha4 TpynoM Hel,l3RHIJO y6HToro UM CblHa - G. Dumezil, Etudes Oubykhs, 1959,
c.63.
124
ECJlH II nOJlO>KY Te6H B 4epllYIO 3eMJlIO.
Te6S1 C"beASlT Hacel(QMble.
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Te611 YllecYT BOpOllbI H J!pyrHe HTlIllbI.
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KorAa MHIOX BblTa11lHJIa Tpyn H3 BOAbI, OHa BnaJIa B OTQaIlHHe
()T Toro, t.JTO HaAeJI3JI3, CT3J1a pbIllaTb Ii pBaTb Ha ce6e BOJIOCbl.
OHB 6pOCBJ1a HX OKpOBBBJlelllJble KJ10%H no BceMY epery peKII.
H rOBopHT, qTO 6eper CTBJI KpBCllbIM HMellllO OT 3TOH KpOBH.
DbIJI 3anHcaH H TaKoH BapHaHT KOHua:
OIlB CKB3BJlB: «Pa3 H COTBOpHJla 6eiJ.Y, npoTIIHYB Hnep(j,'J.
3T1I PYKII, 01111 Mile 60JJbUle lie IIY>KllbI!». H, KO,10TII 6eper
CBOHMH OKpOBaBJIeHHbIMH PYKaMH, nOlllJIa B!I.OJIb peKH, H11la
CBoero YTOIlYBUlero MY>KB...'.
A BOT KB6BpJ!HIICKIIM paCCKB3, npeJ!CTBBJlellllbIM, K CO>KBJleUHIO,
B H3J111111lle .""TepBTypIlOM cjJopMe, KOTOpBli eMY 6blJlB npllJ!BuB B
C60pHHKe «HapTbl, KB6apJ!III1CKIIM 3noc», 1951, c. 118-127. XOTH
Me>KAY ABYMH 3nll30AaMH H HeT C8H3H, H OTMellalO, lITO 3TO, KaK
II B B6xB3CKOM C06PBIIIIII, nOCJleJ!lIee npHKJ1104ellHe C3YCblPbIKO ne-
peJ! ero CMepTblO, 0 KOTOpOM pBCCKB3bIBBeTCli CPB3Y >Ke BCJleJ! 3B
3TIIM (UB c. 127-137).
BbICOKO B ropBx, IIBJ! KpYTblM 06pbIBOM, Y BepxoBbH 6yl'
HOM peKII HIIJ!>K">K, CTOIIJlB HB YTece KpenOCTb. )KHJlH B >TOil
KpenocTII MY>K II >KellB H3 pOiJ.B IIBpTOB. MY>K 6ecnpepbIBilo
cOBeplllBJI HB6erll, H 01111 BcerJ!B 6blJlII YiJ.B4I1bIMH. flOTOMY H
HOCIIJI OU IIMII flca6b1iJ.B -«KpenKIIH B >K1I31111». flCB6blJ!B
nOToMY 6L1JI Y,lJ.aIlJIHB, lITO nOMOraJia eMy >Keua. COJIHUenO-
iJ.06I1B>r KpBcaBIIUB AJ!IIIOX. KorJ!B flCB6bUlB OmpBBJlHJlCli B
Ha6erH, AJ1H10X Ca.ll.HJIaCb y OKHa 6aIllHH H npOTIIrHBaJIa 8
OKHO CBOH PYKII, 6eJIbIe CBeT03BpHble PYKII. B caMYIO TeMUY,?
HOIlb, Kor.Qa IleJIOBeKY He HY>KHbl ero 30pKHe rJIa3a, B caMLlH
nBCMypllbIM J!ellb, KorJ!B MHp IICQe3BeT B TYMBlle, npOTHrllBa-
Jla B OKHO AJl.HIOX CBOH PYKH. JlblO11lHe CBeT, H TeMaIl HOIlb
06pBllJBJlBCb B CBepKalOlllYIO, JlYIIUYIO, B nBcMypllblll J!ellb-
B IIPKHH H COJ1HeLJ.HLlH. OTToro H 3B3JIaCb 3Ta HapTCKaH >KeH-
lllllilB IIMeHeM MIlIOX, 4TO 03HB4aeT «CBeTJlOPYKBII».
C YTeCB, rJ!e CTOIIJlB KpenOCTb, MIlIOX nepe6paCblBBJIB 4e-
pe3 peKY lIa nO,10rHH 6eper nOJlOTIIIIUbIM MOCT. KorJ!B nCB6bI-
.n.a, npeCJ1eAyeMblH BparaMH, B03Bpa11laJICH H,?IlblO H3 Ha6era,
npllrOllll" TB6Yllbl BOpOllblX, B 116J10KBX KOHell, AiJ.IIIOX npOTII-
rllBBJlB B OKHO CBOII CllllIOllllle PYKII, II OIlH 6blJlH J!JlII flCB-
6bI,lJ.bl nyreBOJI.HbIM CBeT01.J.eM. OH neperOHHJ1 no nOJIOTHHHOMY
II «a-'eble '''asX z'ar.ew yer 9'azer k"am! sahCeyaz'-q'am» z'ay'cay
ye-'eblexer nepqxcm raywp'e'ek 'awre ,,"'er yaraywtxawre psax em
Y",}.aw psem yatl)eli}m },axcaw.
'EdayhO
yarcxe.::i'
125

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CBeT03apHbie PYKII...'.
npll6e>KaJla MIIlOX K KaMHIO H YBII)].e.na Ha lIeM Tpyn flca-
6b1)1.bI. 'ho 6bIJlO )].eJlaTb Mmox? To, 'ITa BeJlHT 06blqaH
napTOB: noxopOHHTb MY>Ka, B03)].BllrnYTb Ha ero MorH,1e KYP-
raH H nJl3KaTb Ha KypraHe.
11 A.n.HIOX nOXOpOHHJl3 MY>Ka B03.QBHrJl3 H3 ero MorHJle
KypraH II onJ1aKIIBaJla flca6bl)].Y, CII)].H Ha KypraHe.
O)].Ha>K)].bI nO)]."bexaJl K KypraHY Bca)].IIHK. J1HI\O ero 6bIJlO
cMyrJlbIM. 3 llIJleM CHHJI. KBK COJIHue. 33MeTHB IIJlBtlYUJ.YIO
>KeHlllHHY, OH cneIllHJ1CH H B36e>KaJl Ha KypraH.
KpaCaBlIl\a! - cnpOCIIJI nYTHIIK.- KaKoe rope rHeTeT
11 OT OCa6bI.lI.a OTnpaBJIHeTCH B AOJlrHH-.QoJ1rHii noxoA. onHcbI_
B3eMbIlf CTOJ1b me .QoJlro, BblcoKonapHo. CJlHWKOM naTeTwleCKH.
nOXOA pa36HT H3 TPH tlaCTH: BHalJaJle K O.QHOrJla3bIM BeJlHK3HaM
33TeM K «I.J:HHT3M» (JlereHJ1apHblii Hapo.Q. KOTOpblH conOCT3BJlRJlH 
pa3J1HtlHb1MH nJ1eMeHaMH, )f{HBllIHMH HB K3BKB3e B ..l!.peBHOCTH)
HBKoHeu. K Hcn3M -- KpOllIel.J:HbIM K3pJlHK3M. KOTOpbIX nOI.J:TH H
BII)].1I0, Kor)].a OHH Ha KOHe, HO YCTpaIllaIOIlle CHJlbllbIM. H noxOI(
COp Ban- He nOTOMY, 'ITa B Tex KpaHX, r)].e n06bIBaJl repoi\, HeqerO
6bIJlO rpa611Tb, HanpOTIIB - CTpaHbI 3Tn H30611J10BaJlH II J\IIKHMII
Ta6ynaMII JlOlllaJ\ei\, II J\OMalllHHM CKOTOM. Ho npOTHB nca6bIJ\bI H3-
3a CCOpbI ero C MIlIOX BOCCTaJla BCIJ npllpOJ\a, KaK eCJlII 6bI >KeH-
UJ.HHa co CBeT03apHbIMH PYK3MH rrOJlb30B3J1aCb tly.n.eCHbIM nOKpOBH-
TeJlbCTBOM He TC:J1bKO COJ1HU3. HO H BJla.u,bIK .QO>KAH. 6YPb, TYMB-
HOB. CaM BepHbIH KOllb CTaHOBHTCIJ lIa CTOPOHY OCKop6J1eIlHoi\ cyn-
pyrll: on TeplJeT CHJlbI H nepeCTaeT yrallbIBaTb MbICJlII CBoero BcaJ\-
HIIKa, He CJlYlliaeTCH ero. nCa6bIJ\Y nOi\BOJ\IIT )].a>Ke 6ypKa, KOrl(a-
TO JI60B0 BbIi\eJlaHHaH MIlIOX: OHa nepeCTaeT 3allllllllaTb ero
II OT CTpYII J\O>K)].IJ, II OT COJlHeqHblx Jlyqei\. 01lllaKO He MIIlOX
nO.Q('TpBHBaeT Bce 3TO: CH,lJ.H B3anepTH B CBoen 6311IHe. OHa CKYI.J:a-
eT H. KaK YMeeT, pa38JleKae-rCH, B B KBKOii-TO MOMeUT. 3a6b1B 06
0611J\e, olla no npllBblqKe 03apIJeT CBeTOM nYTb CBOero MY>Ka, HO
3aTeM. cnOXBaTHBllIHCb. B cepltuax OTBO.QHT 01' OKHa CBOIO CBeTH-
II\YIOCH PYKY. npeCJleJ\yeMbIH HcnaMII flca6bIJ\a 6pocae-rclJ BMeCTe
C KOHeM  peKY HHJ\>KII>K, r)].e 06a OHII II TOIlYT. 11 TYT HaqllHaeT-
CH BTOpOH, HeCKOJlbKO MeHee MeJlOJI.paMaTHI.J:HbIH 3ITH30lI..
.LJ:OJlro HeCJJa I111J\>KH>K Tpyn Dca6bI)]'bI, nOKa He J\OCTllrJI8
HII3MeHHOCTII, rJ\e peKa, pa3J\eJlHHCb Ha pyqeHKlI, MeJ1eeT H
Me'3JleHHO 6e>KIIT no CTenHbIM npOCTopaM, YMep1J1J CBOH IJpOCT-
IIb1H 6er. 11 peKa, TaKalJ rlleBllalJ y nOJ\HOIKIIIJ KpenOCTII,3J\eCb
6ee>KHO, 6e33J106HO nOJIO>KIIJla Tpyn flca6bIJ\bl Ha npH6pe>K-
HLIH K3MeHb...
B)].pyr CTaJlO CIIOBa CBeTJ10 KaK )J.lleM: A1I1IIOX npOTIJHYJla
B OKHO CBOII PYKII. XOTH flca6b1J\a OCKop611J1 ee, OHa >KaneJ1a
ero, 1160 OH 6b[JI ee MY>KeM. OHa pelllll,1a eMY nOMO%. Ho 6e-
per peKII 6b1J1 nycTblHllbIM. 'lYIJ HeJ\06poe, MHIOX BbI6e>KaJla
113 KpenOCTlI, nOJ\IIIJJlaCb Ha BbICOKYIO ropy II CTaJla 03l1paTb-
CIJ. OHa YBIIJ\eJ1a J\aJleKO BHII3Y qepHOe nlJmo lIa npIl6pe>K-
HOM KaMlle. MIlIOX n06e>KaJla BJ\OJlb 6epera 6ypllOH peKH.
4eM J1aJlbllIe 6e>K3J1a peKa , TeM THllle OHB CTaHOBHJlaCb. a
qeM J\aJlbllle 6e>KaJla MIlIOX, TeM rpOMqe 611J10Cb ee cepJ\l\e.
Te6H?
Moe rope He pa3Beelllb,- oTBeqaJla MHIOX.- He npe-
pblBaH H3-3a MeHH CBoero nYTH.
_ HapTbI rOBopHT: «rope >KeHllllIHbI pa3Bee-r MY>Kqll-
Ha»,- B03pa3HJI BcaJ\HHK.- 11 ellle rOBOplJT HapTbI: «ECJlII
MY>K'IHHa nOMO>KeT >KeHII\IIHe B ee rope, TO nYTb ero 6YJ\eT
C'IaCTJlIIBbIM». 51 CKOpO BepHYCb. nOJ\yMaH J\O Moero B03Bpa-
l1\ellHIJ: qeM H Mory nOMO% Te6e?
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Ha KOHH H nOMI.J:aJlCH K BepXOBblO peKH: BH,lJ.HO , OH penJHJI
nepenpaBIITbCH qepe3 6ypllYIO I1HJ\>KII>K. AJ\IIIOX CJlCJ\IIJIa 3a
HIIM. He YTPY>KJ\aH ce61J p03blcKaMII 6pOJ\a, OH PIlHYJlCH B
peKY.
«CYJ\b6a Moero MY>Ka >K)\eT ero, OH YToHeT!» - nOJ\YMaJla
AJ\IIIOX, HO BJ\pyr YBII)J.eJla, qTO BcaJ\IIHK 6J1aron0J1}"'1Ho ne-
penpaBHJlCH Ha JJ.Pyroi\ 6eper. AJ\HIOX YJ\HBIIJlaCb H nOJ\Y-
MaJJa :
«MOH MY>K rOBOpHJI, 'ITa nOJ\06Horo eMY lIapTa HeT Ha
cBeTe , O,lJ.HaKO OH nepenpaEJlRJlCH l.J:epe3 I1H,lJ.>KH>K TOJlbKO no
MoeMY nOJlOTHIJHOMY MOCTY. J1Hlllb O)].HH. pa3 B >KH3HII H lie
nepeKHIIYJla MOCT qepe3 peKY, H BOT H CII>KY lIa Kypralle II
OnJlBKHB31O MY>Ka». AllHIOX He MOrJla OTOpB3Tb fJl33 01' Bca,lJ.-
HHKB. l.J:eH llIJleM CHHJI, KBK COJlHlI,e.
- KJlHHYCb BJlaJ\bIqHl\eH Mopei\ II peK, IJ IICnbITaIO MY>Ke-
CTBO noro BCB,lJ.HHKa!
PellillB TaK, MIlIOX BOCKJ1I1KHYJla:
_ CypOBaH flcblxoryallla, BnaJ\bIqlll\a MopeH H peK, TbI,
qbe >KeJ1aHHe BcerJ\a c6bIBaeTCH! YMOJIIJIO Te6H: npeBpaTH
HCllbIi\ J\eHb B TeMHYIO HO%, nOJ\bIMH yparaH, 'IT06b1 I1HJ\>KII>K
33TonHJl3 3eMJlIO. I.J:T06bl He60 pa3pblR;L10Cb Ha l.J:aCTH OT
rpOM3 H MOJlHHH!
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MIlIOX. 51cnbIH J\eHb npeBpaTIIJICH B TCMHYIO HO%. I1HJ\>KII>K
paccepJ\lIJ1aCb H 3aTOnllJla 6epera, He60 pa30pBaJlOCb OT rpo-
Ma H MOJ1HHH. Ka3aJlOCb, MHp PYllIHTCH, Bce B HeM CO,lJ.pora-
JIOCb H naJ\aJlo. CpeJ\H rpUMa II 6ypH nOCJlbIlllaJICH TonOT KO-
HIJ: TO BepnYJlCH BcaJ\HHK.
- 3a'leM Tbl BepHYJlCH? - CnpOCHJ1a ero AJ\IIIOX.
- PB3Be Mor H CKaK3Tb AaJ1bllle. OCTaBHB Te6R B T3KYIO
9 OnY1l.l.eHO npO,AOJI>KeHHe UHTHpyeMoro CKa3aHH: My>K, B03rOp,AlIBU1HCb moeK
Y4 a 1.JJIHBOCTbIO, 3aHBJIeT JKeHe. 1.JTO MO>KeT C1.JHT8Tb ce6H C8MblM My.>KeCTBeHHblM
113 RapTOB, a KOr,Aa A.n.mox B03MYIIJ;aeTCH ero XBaCTJlHBOCTblO peUlaeT ,lI,OK833Tb
eH CBOIO npaBOTY. OTnpaBHBWHCb B Oqepe,AHOH Ha6cr. (npuMe. nep.).
126
127

Hel1aCTUYIO HO%? He K JlHUY Mile nOKIIJ\aTh Ha npOH3BOJI
cYJ\h6hl OJ\HHOKYIO >KeHlllHIIY, nJla'lYlll}'lO Ha CTenHOM Kypralle.
A pa311e Tbl l1e 60IJJlcIJ nepenpaBIITbCIJ '1epe3 HIIJ\-
>KH>K? nOCMOTpH, K3K OHa paCCepAHJIaCb, Kat( OHa pa3JIH.
JIaCb?
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KOHb. fJl,e He 60HTCII MOH KOHb. HeqerO H Mile 60S1TbCH.
TaKoii OTlleT nOHpaBHJlCIJ MHIOX. A TaK KaK rpoM npo-
.n.O!l>KaJ1 rpeMeTb, yparaH peBeJI. JIHJI CHJIbHblH AO>KJl,b. TO
BcaJ\HHK ceJl PHJ\OM C MHIOX, YKPhlB ee cBoeii 6YPKOii. H KaK
TOJlhKO AJ\IIIOX OKa3aJlaCh nOJ\ 6ypKOii HapTa, HO% npeBpa-
THJ1aCb B COJI HeGHbIH .n.eHb. HHAJKH>K BOll!J1a B CBOH 6epera,
He60 CTa,10 roJly60e, 3eMJlH paCUBeJla. OJ\HII MOrllJlhllhlii Kyp-
raH 6blJ1 qepeH. HH OJl,HOH TpaBHHKH He B3QlllJIO Ha HeM.
nOCMOTpH,- CKa3aJla MHIOX.- 3eMJlH KpyroM paCUBe-
Jla, paJ\YIJCh >KH3HH, H TOJlbKO Ha nypraHe HeT HII OJ\HOH
TpaBIIIIKII, XOTH Mllp CIIHeT II UBeTax. flO'leMY 3TO TaK CJIY-
GHJIOCb?
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TOJlhKO ce6H, He JlI0611J1 >K1I3I1H, UBeTYlllei, BOKpyr lIero, no-
TOMY-TO II HH oJ\l1a rpaBIIHK3 l1e B30I1JJla Ha ero KypraHe.
CKa3aB TaK, lIapT B3rJlIJHYJl MHIOX B rJla3a. AJ\IIIOX OT-
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JlIOGHJI reGlJ, TO 3TOT KypraH nOKphIJlCH 6hI UBeTaMII.
CepJ\ue Mmox 3arOpeJlOCb. 3arOpeJlOCb H cepJ\ue BapTa.
TaKoe nJIaMH QXB8THJIO era, GTO AJl,HlOX BOCKJIHKHYJJa:
TbI nbIJIaelllb, KaK COCpYKO, COTBopeHHbIH H3 CTaJIH Ii
pO>KAeHHbIH H3 KaMHJL
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B fJIa3a, a ORa onYCTHJIa HX...
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a nOTOM MHIOX BblI1JJla H3-nOJ\ GypKII II CTaJla pa3rpeGaTb
KypraH, rOBopH:
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rHJIOH 3JIOrO GeJIOBeKa. KOTOpblH He JII06HJI MeHH. KOTOpblH
moGIIJI oJ\lIoro ce6H.
Ho COCPYKO CKa3aJl eii:
- HanpaCHO rhI TpYJ\IIJ1aCb, KorJ\a B03J\BllraJla 3TOT KYP-
raH, lJanpaCHO TPYJ\III1JbCIJ ceii'lac, KorJ\a pa3rpeGaeI1Jb ero.
OYCTb OCTcmeTCH .3TOT KypraH Ha 3eMJle. nYCTb. rJIII,lJ.H Ha
Hero. YCTbI;tHTCH Te. KTO He J1106HT 1KH3HH. a JII06HT TOJlbKO
ce6H.
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Ii rOJIbIH. HH ell.HHOH TpaBHHKH lIeT Ha HeM. a KpyroM 3eMJUI
CliHeT I.lB€TaMH.
128
HaKOl1eu, ellle OJ\HH BapHaHT, TaK>Ke Ka6apJ\III1CKllii, cooGllllIJl
MHe A. raA3raTJ1b BapHaHT OG€Hb cxeMaTHGeH. HenonOH. He npe-
rellJ\yeT IIa KaKYIO-,"HGo <jJIIJlOCO<jJ1I4IJOCTb, 110 J\aeT IIHTepeCHoe
TonorpacpHGeCKOe YK33aHHe H. pOMe Toro, Jlo6aJIHeT K «neperOBO-
p2M nO;'I. 6YPKOfl» 3pOTHGeCKHH lUTPHX. KOTOpblH n03BOJ1I1eT HH3Ge
MOTIIBpOBaTh Bpa>KJ\c6HOCTb Ai\HIOX K CBoeMY MY}j{Y nocJle ero
'.MepTB.
€CTO AeHCTBHII:
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6aHb) CJ1HBaeTCH C MaJ1eHbKOH I1H.Q>KH)f(. B 3TOM AOMe HapTbI
rOTOBHJ1H MaMaJ1bIry Ii HeC.HH ee B cynpY>KeCKYIO KOMHaTY
(leghOne) AJ\HIOX, CTapaHCb, '1T06h1 KaI1Ja lie OCThIJla. 3Ta
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rnaeTCH Hall. I1Hll.>KH1K Ha paCCTOIlHHH ,lJ.B3JJ,l.laTH nHTH KHJIO-
MeTpOB___ KaK MorJIH UHH ll.OHeCTH MaMaJIblry TY,lJ.3. He ,lJ.aB
etf OCTbIHYTb? 3ara,lJ.Ka...
CMeprb MY>Ka:
MHIOX C MY>KeM CCOpHJlHCb. «3TO H nOMoralO TeGe npH-
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OAHH .lI.€J131O ITO!»
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TCMHoT.e, Ii QeJ10BeK H J10111aAH ynaJIH B BOAY.
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ero Tpyn B oKpecTHocTHX HbIHelliHero ceJ13 YepaK. vOHH no-
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lOX, KaK MYLK4HHa.
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51 Be'I ceOH C T06011, KaK MY>K4HU3 C LKCHIllHHOH,- OT-
BeTH.1 C3YCblphlKO.
9 32K. 772
129

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6bI OH JI€>KBJ1 3JI.eCb,- 3aKJIlIOIIHJIa QHa. 11, B3HB JIOnaTY. QHa
pa36pocaJIa 3eMJlIO KypraHa. qaCTb HanpaBo, GaCTb HaJI€BO_
3eM_"IJ, c6porneHH81J co cpel1Hero Kypr8H8, 06p830B8.18 llB8
.u.pyrHx. KOTopble H ceiiqac ellle HanOMHHalOT 0 C06bITHH.
MbI BHAHM. lITO KOHelJHbIM BM€rnaT€.'IbCTBOM C3YCbIPbIKO H TeM
MOpaJIbHbIM HJIH ceKcyaJ1bHbiM OTKPOB€HH€M. KOTopoe no.nY.{HJ1a
6J18rOJ\8plJ eMY AnHIOX, K868PJ\HH!\bl nOBepHYJlH COBceM HH8'1E'
CMbICJI ?C€THHCKOro CKa3aHH H fJIy6oKO H3MCHH.:1H xapaKTep nep-
COH3>KeH.
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TeJIbHO - MY>KCKOii rOpJl.OCTH. CHnbHO pa3BHTOH y K3}KJJ.oro HaCTOH-
lllero KaBK33L1.a. OH MYt-IaeT CBoero KOHH. a 3Toro HH OlI.HH llepKec
He Mor 6bl eMY npOCTHTb. K TOMY >KC CBoero pOJ\3 60>KHR CVJ\
npOHBJ1JHOI.U.HHCH B 6eCllJIOAHOCTH KypraHa, npH'-I1H-lbl KOTOpofi
p33"bIJCHlJeT CaYCblpbIKO, P8306'"8'13eT B YMeprneM CYI11CCTBO arOHC-
THGHOe, GY>K.Qoe JIlo6B1-1, «He JIl06f1ll1ee >KH3Hb». Bo BTOpOM BapH8H-
T€ A06aBJIHeTcfI. '-ITO B 06111€HHH co cBoeH >K€HOH OH Be.I} ce6f1 He-
HOpMaJIbHo. ca!I.UCTHt.JeCKH.
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BCTpeGaeT ABYX >KeHllI,HH: CHaqaJ1a «1I.06PYIO» H cBeT03apHYIO
AllbIPYXC. 33TeM «3J1YIO» AOqb Ealcara. a B Ka6ap.a.HHcKOM CKa3a-
HHH caMa cBeTo3apH3SI A.n.mox noo 1 IepelJ,Ho HcnbITblB3T ABYX MY>K-
qHH: CHaqaJIa CBoero cKBepnoro MY>Ka, B 3aTeM repoIl C3YCbIPbIKO.
KOTOpbIH B nepBoM BBpl-l3HTe oTKpblBaeT eii KpacoTY >KH3HH. a 80
BTOpOM - yqHT ee HCTHHHblM npHeMaM .nI06BH. MO>KHO 3anO.JJ.03-
pHTb, GTO B €PBOM BapHaHT€. B TOM, l.J.TO nane43T3H B «HapTbl.
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BOJIbHOCTH, HO CMbIC.!I BceH HCTOPHH. npOTHBonOCTBBJleHHe 3rOHcra
«He ino6Hlllero >KH3Hb», Kypr3H KOToporo npOK.HHT H He nOKpbIBa
eTCH paCTHT€JlbHOCTblO, BeJIHKo.n.YlllHOMY. 6J13ro.neTeJ1bHOMY, JIK)-
6e3HOMY C3YCbIPbIKO. BTIOJIHe cor JI3cyeTcH C TeM, GTO HaM H3BeCTHO
Boo6e 06 3TOM BeJ1HKOM repoe, 0 ero MarHqeCKOM, DJ10.n.OTBOpHOM
B03J\eHCTBHH H8 npHpoJ\Y.
OEWECTBEHHblH CTPOH CHW/JOB
repOOOT 3anucall lle2elioy 0 npoucxoJ/Coeliuu CKUCPOB, KOTOpUR
611a200apR CUMBOllUKe ynaBwUX C lie6a npeoMeT08 oaeT npeiJ-
CTaB./leHUe 0 COl{Ua./lbHOM YCTpoiicTBe U./lU no KpauHeii Mepe 0 MO-
oellu cOlfuallbli020 YCTpoucTBa, COOTBeTCTBY1Ow,e20 TpeM uliooupali-
CKUM 06w,ecTBelilibtM cpYIiKlfUflM, 1i0 Oli lie OUll onucaliUR peMbliO-
20 CTpOR CKUCPCKUX 06w,eCTB. 3UTO CO.UlieIiUR JlYKualia 0 CKUCPUX
n03BO./lflfOT pacn03HaTb, YCTpoiicTBO KaKoeo Tuna 6blfW y HUX B
oeUCTBUTellbIiOCTU; OOliaKO 3TOT Tun lie rpucpYIiKlfUOlialleli. Cue
Bu8uMoe npOTUBOpetlUe B cBuiJeTe./lbCTBaX epe'ieCKUX aBTopOB aa./lO
rOll.OK K UCClleOOBaliURM U n06YOUllO K BblBooaM, KOTOpbte 6yiJYT
paCCMOTpeHbl HU:JfCe.
B oceTUIiCKOM 3noce TpU cpYIiKlfUU pucnpeOelleHbt MeJ/COY TpeMR
OCIiOBliblMU pooaMU, K KOTOpblM npUIiUOlleJ/CUT liapTOBCKue 2epou,
npU'leM pacnpeoelleliU1O npucyw,u OBe oc06eIiHOCTU: OCIiOBlioe B
nepBOU cpYHKlfUU - OTnpaBlleliue KYllbra - cBeOelio, KUK, Bnpo.eM,
U Y opeBIiUX CKaHOUliaBOB, K COBMeCTliblM nupUM Bcex Tpex poiJo,
op2aliu3yeMblM Y 001i020 U3 IiUX; npu pucnpeoelleliUU cpYIiKlfUU,
BUOUMO, lie npUIiRTO BO BHUMUHue 3eMlleoellue. OTcKJda -lieOUB-
IiRR nOnbtTKa OBYX UCClleOOBaTelleu, CM.UTU U Cnep6epa, nO-UliOMY
UCTOllKOBUTb xupaKTep U 06R3UliHOCTU pOOOB. HUJ/Ce 3Ta TpyiJliOCTb
npeocTaBlleHa B ee UCTUliliblX nponoplfuRx.
Cyw,ecTBoBaHue y CKUcpOB COCllOBUR 3ICpelfoB U .upooeeB OiJIiU-
MU UBTOpUMU YTBep3ICoaeTcR, opy2uMu ocnapUBUeTCR B lfeliTpe
cnopoB _ 3liapeU, «3ICelionOo06Iibte MY3IC'lUlibt», KOTOpbte 6blllU, no
CllOBUM repoooTa, lfUpRMU, U 3IiU.UT, lieCOMlieliliO, npUIiUOlle:JICUllU
K Bblcweu UpuCToKpaTuu. ilIaMaHcKuR npupoiJu ux «3ICelicKou 60-
lle3liU» npeoCTaBllReTCR 6eccnopliou. BocnoMuliuliue 0 IiUX coxpa-
HU./lOCb, no Bceu Bu8uMOCTU, B ocerUHCKOM CKasaHUU 0 6epeMeHHO-
CTU H apra XaMbllfa, KOTOpoe, B CB010 o.epeob, npeOCTaBllReT 611U-
3ICauwy1O napullllellb UpllaliOCKOU lle2eliiJe 0 oeBRTepu.lioM UCKY-
nUTellbHOM lieoY2e YllaooB.
9*

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H OElUECTBEHHbIFI CTPOFI CKHq,OB
CKll!pbI TaK paccKa3bIBaJlH 0 CBOCM "POHCXO>Kl\eHHH (repoJJ:oT,
IV, 4, 5-7).
nepBblM >KHTeJleM 3TOH, TorJJ:a He06HTaeMoH ellle CTpaHbl
6bIJI '1eJIOBeH IIO HMeHH TaprHTaH. PO)].HTe,1HMII 3Toro Taprll-
TaH, HaK rOBopHT CKII<jJbI, 6bIJlH 3eBc II JJ:0'lb peKII EopHc<jJeH
(HbIHelllHIIH JJ:HeIlp). [...] Y Hero 6bIJIO Tpoe CbIHOBeH:.
JIunoKcauc (BapllaHTbI: HunOKcauc, HUTOKcauc), ApnOKcauc
II caMbIH MJIaJJ:IllHH - KOllaKcauc ( Al1tOeai, A p 1t6eai,
K . , ,
oAaeai;, pOJJ:OBoe - eaLO<;). B HX LlapCTBOBaHHe Ha
CHII<jJCKYIO 3eMJlIO C lIe6a y"aJlH 30JlOTbIe IIpeJJ:MeTbI: IIJlyr, HP-
MO, ceKllpa H '1allla. nepBbIM YBH)].e,1 3TH Belllll CTapIllIIH 6paT.
EJl,B3 OH nO.JJ.ollleJI. 1.J.To6bI nO)J.HHTb HX. KaK 30JIOTO 3anbIJIaJIO.
TorJJ:a 011 OTCTy"IIJI, II "pII6J1H3HJlCH BTOpOH 6paT, II onHTb
30JIOTO 6blJ10 06'bJ:tTO nJIaMeHeM. Tal< >Kap IIbIJIalOlllerO 30JIO-
Ta OTorHaJI 060HX 6paTbeB, HOt KOflJ,a nOJl,ollIe;JT TpeTHH. MJI3J!.-
llIHH 6paT. nJ1aMH noraCJIO, H OH OTHec 30JIOTO K ce6e B .110M.
n03TOMY CTapllllle 6paTbH COrJlaCIIJlIICb OT)1aTb LlapCTBO
MJla)].llleMY.
6. TaK BOT, OT J1nnoKcaHca. Kat( rOBOpJIT. npOH301llJIO
CKII<jJCKoe II,1eMH aBxaTOB (A""chac), OT cpeJJ:Hero  IIJleMH
KaTuapoB (Ka",,!,ol) II TpacnueB (Tpch",.;), a OT MJlaJJ:-
lllero 6paTa, UaPH,- IIJleMH napallaTOB (IIapaAchac). Bce
nJI€MeHa BM€CT€ Ha3bIBalOTCH CKO.llOTa.MU (EXOAO'tOl). T. e.
UapCKIIMII. 3J1J1I1HbI >Ke 30BYT IIX CKU<fJaMU (Ex;,al).
7. TaK paCCKa3bIBalOT CKII<jJbI 0 IIpOIlCXO>KJJ:eIlHII cBoero
lIapoJJ:a. OHII JJ:YMaIOT, BIIpO'leM, '1TO CO BpeMeH IIepBoro LlapH
TaprHTaH JJ:O BTOp>KellnH B HX 3eMJlIO JJ:apllH IIpOlllJla KaK pa3
TOJIbKO TbICJPl3 neT.
CJle)10BaTeJlbHO, KorJJ:a repOJJ:OT 3aIlHCaJl 3TY J1erell)1Y, IIpllBe-
JJ:ellHaH CLleHa Y>Ke 6bI,1a )1J1H CKII<jJOB JJ:OCTOHlllleM rJly60KoH iJ.peB.
HOCTH. 11. 6e3YCJ10BHO, paCCKa3 co BceMH co6CTBeHHblMH HMeHaMH
COXpallHJlCH 6J1arO.i\apH e>KerO,I\HO IIOBTopHeMOMY pllTyaJlY (IV, 7).
132
YnOMflHYTbI€ CBJHlleHHble 30J1QTbI€ npe!I,MeTbI ..:'KHq,cKHe
UBPH TlllBTeJIbHO OXpBHSIJIH Ii C 6JIBrOrOBeHHeM n04HTB.'IH HX,
IIpllllOCH e>KerOJJ:HO 60raTbIe >KepTBbL EC."H KTO-HH6YJJ:b lIa
npa3JIHHKe 3BCHeT nOJI OTKpblTblM He60M C 3THM CBHll1eHHblM
30JIOTOM, TO, no MHeHHIO CKH<pOB, He npO>KHBeT Ii ro.u.a. no-
3TOMY CKHq,bI AalOT eMY CTOJIbKO 3eMJIH. CKOJ1bKO OH CMO>KeT
3a AeHb 06'beXaTb HB KOHe.
Ho KOJlaKCallC ellle He 3aBepIllHJI ocnOBaHlle CBoero uapCTBa:
TaK KaK 3eMJlII Y HHX 6bIJlO MHoro, TO KOJlaKCallC pa3,I\e-
JlIIJI ee, IIO paCCKa3aM CKH<jJOB, lIa Tpll uapCTBa Me>K,I\Y CBOH-
Mil TpeMH CbIIIOBbHMH. CaMblM 60JlbIllHM OH C)1eJla." TO uapCT-
BO, B KOTOpOM XpaHHJWCb 30JIOTO.
H3 3THX TeKCTOB. KOTopLle HaAO npHHHMaTb TaKHMH. KaKHe. OHH
eCTb, He 06'bIlBJIIIII HX OTPbIBOqHbIMH H 6eCCBH3HbIMH, BbiTeKalO1 .D.B
IIpoGJleMbl. KaKOB CMblCJI CO'leTaHIIH y"aBllllIX C ne6a IIpe,I\MeTOB.
KBKOBbl corJIBCHO 3TOH JIereHA€, npH3BBHHOH 06"hHCHHTb npOHC-
XO>KJ\elle CKII<jJOB, pOJlII ,I\BYX IIOKOJIe"H: Tpex CbIHOBeH TaprHTaH
H Tpex CbIIJOBeH KOJ1aKCaHca? nepBbIH .BOIIpOC - Y>Ke He O)].IIH, IIO
KpaHueH Mepe )].JlH 3aIlaJJ:HblX Y'IeHbIX I JJ:OIlOJlHHH IIepBO 06"bHC-
HeHHe ApTypa KpHC"reHceHa, IIpeJJ:JlO>KeIlHOe HM B 1918 r.., H IIO-
Ka3aJl (1930)3, '1TO 3TH lIepaCTOp>KHMbIe IIpeL\MeTbI, coxpaHHeMbIe
BepXOBUblMII IIpaBIITeJlHMH CKII<jJOB, CHMBOJlH311pYIOT «Tpll <jJYIIK-
I.lHH», .l!.eJleHHe HB KOTopLle npe.n.CTBBJIHJIO OJIHH H3 OCHOBHblX
npHHI.lHnOB MbllllJIeHHII HH.QOHpBHue: 6b!BIlIHX B 3TM OTHoweHHH
BepllbIMII xpaHHTeJlHMII III1JJ:oeBpOileIlCKOH Tpa,I\HUIIH. '1awa - opy-
!tHe KYJIbTa H npB3AHeCTB, ceKHpa - OPYHe, nJIyr H HpMO Hano-
MIIHalOT 0 3eMJleJJ:eJlIIII; II03,I\Hee (1938 r.) 3MHJlb EeHBeHHcT IIpH-
BeJI q,HJIOJIOrHqeCKHe AOBOAbI B nOJIb3Y Toro, qTo6bl C1.JHTBTb «nJIyr
H HpMO» e.QHHbIM UeJIbIM. 3TO TO.HKOBat-lHe nO.D.TBepAHJIOCb. Kor.Qa 8
1941 r. 5 6bIJI IIpHBJle'leH TeKCT KBHllTa KYPUHH, JJ:OTOJle He IIpllllll-
MaBlllHiicH BO BHHMaHHe (7, 8, 18-19); TeKCT 3TOT IIMee1 )].BOHKoe
JI.OCTOHHCTBO: OH He3aBHCHM OT repo.D.oTa Ii OTHOCHTCH K cKHq,aM,
}KHBllIH M BOCT01.JHee Tex, KOTOP ble OCBeJIOMJIHJIH fepOAOTB HJIH ero
rpe'leCKIIX IIH<jJopMaTOpOB. Kor,I\a BOCTO'lUbIe CKII<jJbI OTrOBapHBaJIII
AJIeKcallJJ:pa MaKeJJ:OHCKoro OT lIaMepeUIIH IIOBTOpHTb Ha HHX omiT
LLapHH, OHH 3aHBHJlH:
«3HaH, '1TO Mbl IIOJlY'IHJlII ,I\apbl (doila nobis data SUIIt):
y"pH>KKY 6bIKOB, II,1yr (iugum boum, aratrum), KOIlbe, CTpe-
Jly (hasta, sagitta), '1aIllY (patera). MbI IIOJlb3yeMcH HMH
HMeCTe co CBOIIMH ,I\PY3bHMIl II npoTIIB BparoB. CBOHM JJ:pY3b-
I 060 BceM, IJTO cJle.llYeT .llaJlbWe, CM.: M3, F. 1.9?3. . 44- 452..
:2 Le premier homme et Ie premier roi dans I hlstmre Iegendalre des Ira-
mens. I, C 137-138.
:1 La prehistoire indo-iranienne des castes.-J, 216, c 114-124.
4 Traditions indo.jraniennc5 sur les clas('s socmlc5 - JA, 230, c. 532-534.
· JMQ, I, c. 54.
133

IJM Mbl !J.aeM nJlO!J.bI, !J.OGbITbIe TpY,I\OM GblKOB (fruges amicis
damus bourn labore quaesitas), C UHMH >Ke BMeCTe Mbl nOJlL-
3eMCIJ llleH, B03J1HBalJ BHUO 60raM (patera cum iisdem
UInum dlIS hbamus); BparoB MbI nOpa>KaeM H3,I\aJlH CTpeJIOH
B6J1H3H - KonbeM (inimicos sagitta eminus hasta comminu
petimus)>>. '
B TOM, qTO H,I\eOJlorHH Tpex cjJYHKI\HH IJBHO BbIpa>KeUa npe,I\Me-
TaMH. KOTopble CJIY>KBT .D.JUI BbmOJIHeHHII 3THX YHKU.HH, HeT HH'le-
ro Y,I\HBH;eJlLHoro. COOTBeTCTBHIJ TO MY MbI HaXO,I\HM Y pa3UbIX UH-
,I\OeBpOneHCKHX HapO,I\OB. BY,I\eM rOBOpHTb TOJlbKO 06 HU,I\OHpaH-
I.lax: B O!I.HOM MeCTe «EpaxM3HoB», nOCBHUI,eHHOM o6pa30BaHHIO
nepBbIx ,I\BYX 061lleCTBeHHbIx COCJlOBHH 6, nOKa3bIBaeTCIJ, qTO bnih-
man (cp. pO.'\a: >KpeqeCTBO, CYIllHOCTb COCJJOBHIJ) H katra (cp.
pO,I\a: 3,I\eCb - BOHHCTBO, CYIllHOCTb COCJlOB",I) pO,I\HJlHCb «nocJle
>KepTBOnpHHOllleHHH»; H 3TfI JI.Be CYUJ.HOCTH BbIJI.BHraIOTCH BnepeJJ,:
«6paXMaHa .CO CBOHCTBeHHbIMH eMY 0pY,I\HIJMH (1iyudhani), KI1JaT-
pHH co CBOHcTBeHHbIMH eMY 0pYAHIIMH; 0pY.JJ.HH, cBoiicTBeHHble
6paxMaHY, cYTb 0pY,I\HIJ >KepTBOnpHHOllleHHIJ; 0pY,I\HH, cBoHCTBeH-
Hble K1lI3TPHIO. CYTb KOJIeCHHu.a H KOHH, Jl,OCneXH, JIYK H CTpeJILI».
B O,I\HOM H3 Tex pe,I\KHX MeCT ABeCTbI, r,I\e ynoMHHYTbI COC."OBHIJ 7,
YTO':lHHeTCH, KaKoe HCKynJIeHHe rpeXOB nO.nO>KeHO TO MY . KTO y6HJJ
«BO,I\IJHYIO c06aKY» - BbI,I\PY, CBHllleHHeHlllYIO H3 «c06aK». flOMHMO
orpOMHoro BbIKyna H onpe..tJ.eJIeHHbIX 05peMeHHTeJIbHbIX nOBHHHQ-
cTeH OH )J.OJI>KeH TPH>K.U,bI nOJIHeCTH 110apKH BceM TpeM CDCJIOBHHM
pisthra, BH,I\HMO qT06bI nO,I\TBep,I\HTb cYllleCTBOBaHHe CHX COI\HaJlL:
HbIX CTOJlnOB, He3bI6J1eMOCTH KOTOpbIX C03,I\aJl 6blJlO yrp03Y ero
npoCTynoK. A nO,I\apKH 3TH - KaK pa3 0pY,I\HIJ, CHMBOJlH3HpYIOIllHe
AeJ:tTe.,'lbHOCTb f<a>K!I.oro H3 COCJIOBHii: 60>KbHM JIIO!I,IIM OH AOJI>KeU
OT,I\aTb TPH qaWH (,I\JlIJ haoma, ,I\mI myazda, ,I\JJIJ cOKa, ,I\JlIJ MOJlO-
Ka), CTynKY, nOBIJ3KY ,I\."IJ npHKpbITHIJ pTa, barsman, pa3HbIe CBIJ-
llleHHbl€ KHYTbI; BOHHaM OH lI.OJI>KeH .QaTb Konbe AJIH MeT3HHH, MeG,
naJIHUY, .nYK, CTpeJlbl, naHl.lHpb, JI.Ba BH.Q3 IllJIeMOB H T. ,lJ..; 3eMJIe-
,lJ.eJIbu.3 011 1l0J1>KeH nO,lJ.apHTb .neMex )1JIII nJIyra BMeCTe C IIpMOM.
CTpeKa,10 ,I\JlIJ BOJlOB, CTynKY, PyqHYIO MeJlbHHI\Y H T. ,I\.
CJIYGaeTCH. GTO, KaK H B CKH<pCKOH JIereHJI.e, 3TH CHMBo.nHQeCKHe
npe)J.MeTbI na,I\alOT C HeGa. B 1960 r. IJ I\HTHpOBaJl MHcjJ HJlH nceB.
,I\OMHcjJ H3 «BpaxMaHoB», KOTOpbIH n03BOJlHeT nOHIJTb, nOqeMY 30-
.nOTble npe)J.MeTbl. ynaBllIHe C He6a H3 3eMJIIO nepeJ!. CbIHOBbIlMH
TaprHTalJ, rOpIJT" CaMalJ HHTepeCHaH BepCHH 3Toro ,I\aeTCIi B
SatapathaBr"1ihmal)a I, 2, 4, I.
_ )I(peI\, CJlY>KaIllHH JlHTyprHlO, KOTOPOMY HY>KHO ,I\OKa3aTb, CKOJIb
,lJ.eHCTBeHHO npH >KepT80npHHOllIeHHHX 8 HOBo.nYHHe H nOJIHO-
JlYHHe pHTyaJIbHOe opY,I\He no,I\ Ha3Bal!HeM sphya - COlllHHK B cjJop-
Me MeGa. Bblpe33HHblH H3 p33HOBH,lJ.HOCTH 3KaUHIi.- BcnOMHH3eT 0
BeJIHKOM nO)J.BHre, H3BeCTHOM H3 60>KeCTBeHHOH HCTOpHH:
6 AitareyaBr:ahmaQa, 7, 19.
1 Videvdat, 12.
ft RHR. 157, c. 150-154, oTKYJJ.a R BocnpOH3BOJKY rna8H()e.
\34
I. Kor!J.a I1H,I\pa 6pOCH." CBOIO MOJlHHIO (vajra) npOTHB
BpHTPbI, TO 6pOUIeHHaH MOJlI!HIJ npeBpaTHJlaCL B qeTbIpe
npe!J.MeTa. TpeTb H."H OKO,10 TpeTH (Taro, qTO OT,I\eJIHJlOCb OT
I\e,10H MO,1HHH) - 3TO sphya, TpeTb HJlH OKOJlO TpeTH - >KepT-
BeHHbIH CT0JI6 (yupa). TpeTb HJIH OKOJlO TpeTH - KOJleCHHl\a
(ratha). 11 Kor,I\a OH Y,I\apHJI, nOT KYCOK (TO eCTb caMa
MOJlHHH, KOTOpOH OH Y,I\apH,l) paCKOJlOJlCH (aslryata) H nocJle
CBOero na,I\eHHH CTa,1 CTpeJlOH (sara 'bhavat), H CTpeJIa Ha-
3bIBaeTCH sara, nOTOMY \.ITO (KYCOK. rrOpO!I,HBllIHH ee) pacKo-
,10JlCH (KOp sf). TaK MO,1HHIJ npeBpaTHJlaCb B qeTblpe BelllH.
2. Bc,1e!J.cTBHe 3Toro >Kpel\bI (br"1ihma\lal;1) nOJlb3YIOTCIJ
)J.BYMH (H3 3THX BellleH) npH >KepTBOnpHHOWeHHIJX (yajne), a
qJleHbI COC,10BHIJ BomJOB (rajanyabandhaval) - J1BYMIJ (H3
nHX BellleH) B 6010 (saI]1vyadhe): >KepTBeHHbIM CT0JI60M H
sphya - >Kpel\bI, KOJleCHHI\eH H CTpe,1aMH - qJleHbI BoeHHoro
COCJIOBHH.
1.ITO :nO - npocTo o;tHH li3 6eCGHCJIeHHLlX «nceB,lJ.OMH<p0B», 6e3
TOJ1KY HaBO)J.HHJOIl.J.HX Be.iI.H'leCKHe pHTyaJIbHble TpaKT3TbI? ECTb
.aBa c006pa>KeHHH. OCHOB3HHble Ha KpHTHGeCKOM pa360pe T€KCTa,
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Tbl «BoeHHoro COC.'IOBHH», OK33bIBalOTCII 6eCnOJIe3HbIMH. TaK >Ke KaK
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CBoero .nOKa33TeJIbCTBa HY>K.lI.aJICII TOJIbKO B OJI.HOH JI.€TClJIH, KOT.
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sara - TpOCTHHK. KOTOpbIH CJIY>KHT He TOJIbKO CTpeJIOH. HO T3K-
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CblHOBeii TaprHT3H. H He npeACT3BJIeHbi KaK npOH3BOAHLle OT MOJI-
IlltH 10, Ol-Hi no KpaiiHei'I Mepe ropHlllHe (a TOGHee, H3 ropHUI,erO 30-
9 O,nHaKO B 3TOM TeKCTe 60nee BbI,[I.eneHbI TP": B K8K?H-TO CTeneHH BewHHe
".aCTH 'lJTIleJn1BWlleC.H OT vajra (Indro V{traya vaJram praharat, sa tredha [a He
caturdha,' KaK 8 SatBr] vy abhavat), H BUYTpeHHHJI 'mCTb, YJK 3ap,aH-:.e ?CTa.
'1el-JHaH 83 Toro 'teM OHa CTaHeT nOTOM,- 83 sar:al) - CTpeJi (ye ntaara aSlrya 
ta te 5ar abhvan). Taitt-Samh. He HMen 3t<I\HB3J1eHTa 80 BTOPON naparpa4»e
Tt'J{CT3 SatBr.
10 Ho B Hapo,nHoM TBop'teCTBe ocenlH H Boot)me KaBKa311eB y,nap M_OJlHHH H7-
6p.;nK3cTcH KaK naJJ,CHHe ropHIllHx npeJl.MCTOB, KOTOphiC HalJ,O noraCHTb. CM. C. .
\35

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J1alO1'CII 33 KYCKH TaKOH B BbICllleH CTeneHH orHeHHOH BelllH, KaK
MOJ1HHIJ. qeTblpe CKll<pCKHX npet\MeTa OCTaIOTCIJ H t\OJ1>KHbl OCTa-
Ba1'bCII B Ka>K)J.OM nOKOJI€HHH B PYKax 1'OJIbKO O.lJ.HorO BJI alI.eJIbu,a,
110 H eJJ,IIHCTBO '1eTblpex Bet\II'1eCKIIX npet\MeTOB (nYCTb OHO B t\PY-
rOM pot\e) He MeHee npO'lHO: OHH et\IIHbI H no npOHCXO>Kt\eHIlIO, H
no caMOH CBoeH CYTII. HaKoHeu, XOTIJ 'IeTblpe CKIlq,CKHX npet\MeTa
(I + I +2) COOTHOCIJTCH C TpeMH q,YHKUHHMH - pemlrll03HoH, BoeH-
HOH II 3eMJlet\eJIb'leCKOH, a '1eTblpe Bet\H'IeCKHX npet\MeTa (2+2)-
TOJlbKO C ABYMH BbICllIHMH <PYHKQHIIMH. peJIHrH03HoH H aOeI-IHOH,
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npeHe6pe>KeHlleM - B OTJlH'IlIe OT >Kpe'leCTBa H BoeHHoH apHcTo-
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nepet\ 60eM, H3 17 CTpOcp (BCero ilK 19), KOTopble OTHOCIJTCIJ K
BOOpY>KeHIlIO IIJIII 'IaCTIJM ero, 9 nOCBHl11eHbI CTpeJ1e (c JlYKOM H
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lOT >KepTBY q,1I311'1eCKH, OH npll3BaH npenpOBOt\IITb ee K 60raM ",
Boo6w.e >Ke - YCTaHOBHTb CHOllIeHHII Me>KJl.Y He60M H 3eMJ1eH; OH
I"l B AitareyaBrahmana, 7, 19, ltHTHpOB3HHOH Bhlme, TOJKe cOXpaHIIJIHCb Tonb-
KO cJKpeQeCK3R» H CBOeHH3J1» YHKllHH: CylltHOCTH 3THX JJ,BYX YHKUHH, br.ahman
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If ol5J138HHocTeA 6paxM3HoB 3aHHMaeT llIeCTb KHHr, KlllaTpHce (M napeH) - cnc-
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22, 22, U SatBI"., 13, I, 9. 7; elite B Maxa6xapaTe. I, 5773-4 Ha38aHHH COI1Htnb-
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BCex I"UNHOD apri.
135
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.m oro \.ITO n p e}J{,U,e COCTaB
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Bpet\MeTO 6bl.. TpHq,YUKUIIOHaJ1eH, a He t\Byq,YHKuHOHa,1elI H '1TO
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:TO JlI060nbITHoe 0pYt\lIe 17 CJ1Y>KHT nopoH >Kpeuy l\epeBHHHoH ca".
;'leH K01'opaH nOMoraeT eMY)J.ep>K31'b Ha paCCTOf/.IHH 3JIb1X J1YOB ,
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O o;:"(plI %eMapKaUIIII a_"TapH vedi H «BcnaXHBaHHH» BOKpr,:-
p ) '9 a el11e B t\ p yrHx 06CTOHTeJlbCTBaX 3aMel11aeT HpMO .
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HNX JI.JIII Toro \.IT06bI npACTaBJIHTb nepBYIO q,YHKUHlO, n03Bo.nHT
>KpeIJ.Y npOH30t\IITb >KeCTbI H t\eHCTBHH. onpet\e.1HIOI11He, no KpaH-
lIeH Mepe BHeI1JHe TpeTbIO q,YIIKUHIO?
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HaJlbllOe TOJlKOBaHlle CKHq,CKHK npet\MeTOB. HeKOTopble cpa3Y >Ke
orJIaCHJIHCb c HHM HO .n.PyrHe He CMorJUI CBbIKHY1'bCH C MbICJIblO.
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npet\no'leJ1 npllnHcaTb Tonop npOH3BOt\HTe.1HM: pa3e MO>KH,O" He
Hero 060H1'HCb npH O1'BoeBWBaHHH Y JIeca naX01'HOH 3MnH_
, MaIO GT06bl Y nOJI.06HbIX nOBepXHOCTHblJi: 3aK.nIOGeUHH 6bIJIO 6y-
t\Y ee' I1x H3J10>KeHHe BMecTe C t\06pOTHbiM onpOBep>KelIHeM MbI
t\YI11. He n aBHe H KIIHre A M Xa3alloBa (COIJ.Ha'"bHalJ HCTOpllH
HaXO)J.HM B J.J. . .
16 0 CHMBOJlHKe yupa H COOCrylO np01.JeCTb npc l o I cx d 0,nHhle. cTpaH54 r- p H
o Y' t L cuUe de l'abrc dans n e anClenne, . .
O. BbeHHo: . Jenno , e. H H b rt et M Mauss Essai sur la nature ct la
X. 106ep Ii M. cc B CT3Tbe. . _ aeM B «Melange d'histoire des rcligions».
I l o 92 Bc 9 tion 3 d 6 U S 3 alflcC'MH.:n::a:::H OCT3HaBnH8aTbCH Ha pa3Hblx 0pY.llHflX. 80311a-
,c. -, «.... _ aK HX T Y T >Ke H31"OTOBHJlH HJlH
l"aeMIiX Ha aJiTapb [vedl - nycToH] nocJle TOro, K OB O.'l1KeH
TlU8TenbHeiilllHM o6pa30M nO)lBepI"JlH OIl!:Ha:';t}:: :TP: 3_apR-
npHBJ1ellb HalllC BHHM3HHe. nOToMY 1.1 :3 n p ocTo .llpe-
6 OT O P OM Y n p HBH3b1BaeTCR >KCpTBeHHoe >KHBOTHoe. TO HC
CTOJI . K K e 6y,nY1.JH ,nepenOM »
oeCHH3 - OR HMCJl 60>KeCTBeHHYIO nP:y3 ellt p a3HblX HH,noeBponeficHX fl3blKOB,
11 Ha3BaHHC ero HanOMHHaeT cn _.... «ron» HCM
()603Ha'l810111Ht' caMble pa3JlH'lHble npeJlMeTbl U3 n .llep<7:TneaCf'1jfronY _ «n'aJlKa
Span-«llt CnKa », sp3trH;TYVcEiarn d ritue) ediqu. 1954, c. 170.
]f HCKOTOpblC ,npyrHe. «ac',. n 3 .llC eBa khadira B cpOpMC MCGa»(...).
onpc,neJISleT sphya K3K Y r I 2 KOMMCHTHPYIOTCH Apastamba SrS.
16 HanpHMep, B  3 I"Jla8hl, rAe"3 H
2.3,14 (m). - S 8 8.25 14. 2 I 15. 2 3-4. 2 3, 2.7.11.13
111 HanpHMep, ApaslSr ., I, , , .' ' i476' ' ( E. '65) Rcou, op. cit..
II T. JJ...; CM.: Caland et Henry. op. Clt., c. :y.
c. 170-171. epTBa _ pfl,n pHCOBbiX JIe
'l(] npH >KepTBOnpHHollleHHH B HOBoJlyHHe 1":ll(:IHfI BceMH .nOCTOHHCTB8MU
nellieK. H3.lleJIeHHllX B CHJJY MHCTHileCKOrO nepe H3JJ,eJJHC H3 pHca ,nu MeCT8 >KepTBO-
Bcex JHepTBeHHblx )KHBOTHblX; H Jl,OCT8BHTb ,HO
npHHorueHHfI - feno BeCbMa aC:eB.jcHHH H 3CMne..n.enblleCKOM npa3,nHHKC y
21 M. H. pTaMOHf v B . I"n 7 _ «'lCHbie 3anHCKH J1cHHHl"p8,ncKoro YHHBepcH
CKHOB fcpo.nOT, KH. , . .
TeTa».95 (cep. MCTOp. HaYK, 15). 1948, c. 4-5.
137

CKHqJOB, 1975, l". 42-47). cor,1acHBwerocH C IpH<jJYHKIIHOllaJIbHblM
TO.'1KOBaHH€M.
Cnop no BTOPOMY Bonpocy lie 3aKOHeH. OH Haa,1CH B 1938 r.
MC)f(.n.y 3MH.neM EeHB€HHCTOM H MHOH; npHBO,llHJIHCb JI,OBO!I.bl, KOTO-
lb'e H BocnpOH3BeJ1 'lJepe3 TpHJI.I.laTb JIeT B KHHre «MH H .;moc».
(. I, c. 449-451) OTCbwalO IITaTe."H K 3TOMY 113JIO>KeHIlIO. 5/ npo-
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110 3a J1pyrllM nOKO,1eIlHHX He MorYT Ci.y6JlHpoBaTb J1pyr J1pyra. 'ITO
nepBoe nOKOJI€HHe  a HM€HHQ CblHOBbH TaprHT3I1,- KOTOPO 00-
HB..1SJeTCH .nl1Wb B CBH3H C TPHYHKUHOHaJIbHhTMH npe1I.M€T3MH
ynaBwHMH C He6a, npe.u.CT3BJIH€T npOTOTHnbl (npe.QKOB Bblpa>Ka
HCb H3,bIKOM J1ereH.n.) HOCHTeJIeH Tpex q,ymn.Uil1 B >KH3H K3>KJl,OrO
CJ{lHpCKoro 06m€CTBa; lITO BTopoe nOKOJIeHHe - CbIHOBMI KOJ13K-
raHca, KOTOPbl€ He HM€IOT OTHOlll€HHH K npeJJ,MeT3M HO no.nyqalOT
llapCTBa: 011HII KaK Cf03epeH, ApyrH€ KaK BaCCaJIbI, onpaB.U,bIBaeT
TeppHTopHaJ1bHoe .U,eJ1eHHe CKHcpHH Ha TPH GaeTH. HHaGe rOBopH
8BX3Tbl, K3THapbl H TpacnHH, napaJIaTbI - He 3THHqeeKHe Ha3Ba
IIlfH; OIlH 0603HaQalOT CPYHKUHOHanbHble HfnbI JIIOAeH Bo06llJ.e rJ1e
6bl TO HH 6bIJIO, Tor.U,a KaK CblHOBbH KOJIaKCaHCa K'IallYT HaaJIO
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3CMJ1SIX.
B COBeTCKOM COI03e HeMHOfHe H3 yqeHblX COrJIaCHJ1HCb C 3THM
npe..1JIO}KeHHeM. O.n.HH H3 caMblX 6JIarOCKJ10HHbIX K HeMY, A. M. Xa-
3aHOB, .U,eT, KaK MHe Ka1KeTCH. lIa KOMnpOMHce. OH 3aMeGaeT. lITO
B OlI.HOH H3 TpHCPYHKu,HOHaJ1bHbIX HpaHCKHX J1ereHA. KOTopble Ma-
pmm MO.'Ie conOCTaBJ1JW C J1ereH.U,OH 0 CblHOBbHX TaprHTaH 22 3T-
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MH. 06blGHO HpaHu,eB, HpeJ])K nOJ1YllaeT cBHllleHHYro 3eMJIIO ClO3epe-
OB -l1paH. nOeMY 6bl II CbIHOBbHM TaprHTaH TaK>Ke He nopo-
.U,HTb pa3JIHtHIble HapOAbI, OTMe'-leHHble pa3JIHGHbIMH <PYHKu,HOHaJIb-
HblMH qepTaMH? Pa3Be CKHcpbl He AeJIHJIHCb reorpacpHGeeKH, KaK
3TO 06'hHCHHeT 3aTeM fep0J10T, Ha «CKII<jJoB-naxapeii» (17), «CKII-
<jJoB-3eMJJei\e.%l.(eB» (18), «CKH<jJoB.KoeBHHKoB» (19), «l.(apCKHX
CKH<jJOB» ?
npH TaKOM nO.,-10BHHQaTOM peWeJIHH Moe npe>KHee B03paJKeUHe
EeHBeHHcTY OCTaeTCH B CHJIe: HeJ1b3H J10nycK3Tb HeBepoHTHoe. a
HMeHHO t.JTO lI.Be TpHa}J.bI 6paTbeB HrpalOT O.U,H03H3GUYIO pOJIb. Ec-
.,1H nOHHMaTb CbIIIOBeH TaprHTaH B TOM CMbICJIe. B KaKOM HX no-
2'1 «Le partage du monde dans I t d'1 A
c. 455-463 UHT. M32, c. 586-588. a fa I ion lranienne» -J , 240, 1952,
138
HHMaeT Xa3aHOB, TO npH.n.eTCJI npH3HaTb, 1.1TO 3TH Cb1HOBbH Y>Ke
BCe paCCTaBHJ1H no MeCTaM H B 06111eCTBeHHOM. H B 3T1-lOrpacpHlle-
CKOM OTllOweHHH, pa3rpaHHQHB CPYHKU,HH Ii npH.U,aB K3>K!J.OH H3 Ha-
pO..1HOCTeH B neJ10M onpeAeJIeHHble CPYHKU,HH. KaKaR }Ke MHeCHH
OCTaeTCH noc.'Ie 3Toro Ha .U,O.'IIO CbIHOBeH KOJ13KcaHca? KOHellHO.
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;«PO.JJ.HJ1HCb» 1 e -j'O\le V al '-leTblpe npeJ1.nOJIaraeMble HapOllHOCTH, KO-
TOpbIM B CJ1e!J.YlOllleM nOKOJIeHHH CblHOBbH 01lHOrO KOJI3KCaHCa,
oCHOBaB AHHaCTHH. AaJIH peaJ1bHYlO >KH3Hb. 3TO 6bIJIO 6bI JI.OBOJIb-
HO CJIO>KHO, H npHlUJIOCb 6bI 3a;1,3BaTb ce6e Bonpoc, nOlleMY .HereH
A3 He H33bIBaeT nepBblMH uapJIMH 3THX «npe.n.nOJ13raeMbIX HapOlI.-
tWCTei'I» npOCTO caMHX HX OCHOBaTe.;1Cli, C TeM. lIT06bl OTna1a He-
06XOJI.HMOCTb BO BTOpOM pa3;l,eJle, KOTOpbIH HHLJ.erO He MeHHeT B
nepBOM.
Xa3aHOB OTBeaeT lIa 3TO, 'ITO H Tpe6ylO OT CKH<jJOB pe3"ep.
Horo KapTe3HaHcTBa. He CMelO B03pa>KaTb, HO. nO-MoeMY, eCJIH .Ile-
KapT H HMeeT KaKoe-TO OTHOllleHHe K cnopy. TO TOflbKO KaK n060p-
HHK 3.QpaBoro CMbICJ13. Pa3 Y>K B OAHOH H Toil w;e lIereH.U,e cocy-
llleCTBYIOT 1lBe TpHa.U,bI 6paTbeB, 3HaQHT, OHH HrpaIOT HeO;l,HHaKO-
Bble pOJ1H; pa3 nepBaJi TPH3A3, H TOJ1bKO Ol-la, He!l,BYCMb1C1JeHHO
npllBeJ1eHa B KOHTaKT C Ha60pOM <jJYIIKUHOHaJIbHblX npeJ\MeTOB, a
BTopaH TpHalla, H TOJIbKO ona, HMeeT OTHOllleHHe K reorpacpHt.JeCKO-
MY pacnpe.neJ1eIHllO 3eMeJ1b. 3Hat.JHT, nepBble onpe.U,e.rlHIOTCH CPYHK-
UIIHMH, BTopble - TeppHTopHHMII. CblHOBbH TaprHTaH npH nOM, He
AeJIH 3eM.'IH. C03.U,a1OT npo06pa3 «CKHcpCKoro lIeJ10Bet.JecTBa» (H6o
6Y.JJ.ym aH CKHcpHJI 6bIJ1a TorAa nYCTbll-lHa), HO lIe'IOBelJeCTBa. nOJ1
HOCTblO npeACTaBJIeHHOrO, cnoc06Horo H OTnpaBJIHTb KY.'IbT. H cpa-
>KaTbCJI. H B03!1,eJ1bIBaTb 3eMJIIO; CbIHOBbH >Ke KOol13KcaHca BbIKpaH-
BalOT H3 nol'O MaTepHa,1a npOTOTHn 6YJ1ymHx rocYi\apcTB, 06-
llleeTB pa3 J 1HLJ.HbIX. HO >KH3Heenoc06HbIX. H60 Y Ka>K.U,oro H3 HHX
eCTb CpeJ1CTBa 06ecneHBaTb TPH <jJYHKI.(HH. B npHIII.(Hne J10nycKaH,
{ITO ABC TpHallbl 6paTbeB MorYT HrpaTb 0.lI.H03H3 t 1HYIO pOJ1b, Xa3a-
HOB. o.aHaKO. C.,-1HlllKOM K3pTe3HaHeu, lIT06bl COBepllleHHO C 3THM
CMHpIlTbCH. CqIlTaH, TO B pa3pa60TKY JJereIlJ1bl BMeWaJJCH "<jJaK-
TOp BpeMeHH», OH YCMaTpllBaeT B TeKCTe fepO;W.Ta pe3YJJbTaT 3BO-
JIIOUHH, HeCKOlIbKO nOCJIe.Ll.OBaTeJlbHbIX HaCJIoeHHH. 3a TbICJIlIY JIeT,
o KOTOpoii rOBOpHJIH HII<jJOp MaTOp bl fepoJ1oTa, paCCKa3 "lor 6blTb
n08epHYT HHaQe, npH.U,YMaHbI HOBbie nepCOHa>KH. KOTopble OTBet.Ja-
.ail HOBblM nOTpe6HOCTJIM H u,eJIHM. ECJIH H npaBHJ1bHO nOHRl, .JJ.OJI-
}}{HbI 6bWH CYllleCTBOBaTb nJIeMeHa nepBHLJ.UblX, ,llOCKHcpCKHX «06-
lll.eHpaHu,eB»: CHaGaJ1a TaprHTaH H na.U,eHHe He6ecHbix npeJI.MeTOB
c CPYHKuHOHaJIbHblM 3HalIeHHeM; 3a1'eM, Kor.U,a CKH<pbI 06peJ1H CBoe
3THHGeeKOe '1HU,O, nOHBHJICH, AOJI>KHO 6L1Tb, KOJ1aKcaHC. Ellle n03;1.-
I1ee, C 06pa30BaHHeM eJ1I1HOro CKH<jJCKOrO l.(apCTBa, ynpaBJJHeMoro
uapCKHMH CKHcpaMH, JIereI-lAa. ;I.O.H>KHO 6bITb, 060raTHJ13Cb ::tolleMCII.=-
TaMH, Bblpa>KalOlllHMH TPH acneKTa O.U,HOH H TOH >Ke nOJ1HTHt.JeCKOH
BOJJH: YTBepJ1HTb nO eOUIiCTBO (OTCIOJ1a - BblJ\aloma'ICH pOJJb Ko-
JIaKCaHCa B 060HX 3nH30JI.ax), OnpaBJI.3Tb nOOIiUHeHHOCTb Bcex
CKII<jJCKHX HapOJ1HOCTeii uapc!>HM cKH<jJaM (oTClOlla - npHnllCblBae-
139

Moe KO..1aKCaHCY peWeHHe pa3.n.eJIHTb CBOH 3eMJIH Me>K.n..y CbIHOBbSl_
MH Ha HepaBHble no nJIOll.la.n.H H .n.OCTOHHCTBY 06JIaCTH), HaKOHeQ,.
rrOKa3aTb, 111'0 31'01' eLl,liHbIH Ii HepaBHonpaBHbIH CTaTYT 6blJI 3fCe
llaTe'eli npeOWM, OTBeTCTBeHllblM 3a Bcex CKII<jJOB (OTCIOAa - Ao6-
pOBOJIbHaH rrepe.n.8LJa «Bcero u.apCTBa» KOJIaKCaMCY ero 6paTbHMH).
K cOMalleHHIO. H He BHMY B 3TOM paCCKa3e HHqerO, qTO n03BOJIHJIO
6bI HaCTOllbKO HCKa3HTb ero C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH. B qaCTHOCTH,
MOTHB Tpex yn8BwHx C Hc6a npe.n..MeToB JIOrHIl.eCKH BJIeqeT 38 co-
60ii eClIH He lI.eJIe>K, TO Ha3H.aIl.eHHe e.n..HHoro BJI8L1,eJIbua. a HCXO,lJ,H
H3 H3BeCTHOm 06Illero MeCTa <jJOJIbKJIOpa, 3TOT 06JIaAaTeJIb AOJI-
>KeH 6b1Tb H caMbiM MJIaAWHM H3 Tpex 6paTbeB H em ycnex AOJI-
>KeH CJIeAOBaTb 3a HeYAaeH ABYX CTapwHx: KOJIaKCaHC Hero
6p8TMI 6bIJIH. CJIe.n..OBaTeJIbHO, 3aKOHHblMH, He06xo.n..HMbIMH ell.le B
C3MOM .n..peBHeM BH.n..e JIereHLI,bI.
K TOMY >Ke C TOKH 3peHHH <jJH."OJIOrHH KaK HH paCCMaTpHBaH
JIBe rpynnbl 6paTbeB, HCHO, Il.TO OHH He OTHOCHTCH K O.n..HOMY H 1'0-
MY >Ke PHAY.
L D.Ba CTapWHX 6paTa KOJIaKCaHCa nepeAalOT QapcTBO Qe,lH-
KOM MJIa.n.weMY, KOTOpbIH B3aMeH He .n..aeT HM HHKaKoro caHa; TP"
CbIlla Ko."aKCaHCa Ha3HaeHbI OTQOM QapHMH B Tpex TeppHTopH-
aJIbHbIX J],eJIeHHHX u.apcTBa, HO npH BJI8CTH o.n.Horo Ha.n.. .n..BYMR
APyrHMH.
2. Ko."aKCaHC H em 6paTbH npH3BaHbI <jJH3HecKH nopoAHTb
eTbipe co06weCTBa JIIOAeH (ABa H3 HHX cnapeHbI) npH eAHHOH
B.,1aCTH Ha1l. BceMH HHMH KOJIaKCaHCa; CblHOBbH KOllaKcaHC8 npH-
3BaHbI nOJIYHTb 3aKOHHbIM nopHAKOM TPH QapCTBa, Me>KAY KOTOpbl-
MH. OLleBH.n.HO, p8Cnpe1l.eJIHCTCH BeH 3Ta JIIO.n.eKaSI Macca. .:11'0 c006-
ll.leCTBO 06ll.leCTB.
3. EC..1H 06e onepaUHH pa3.n.eJIa - OLl,HOrO TOlIKa Ii KacalOTCH Ol{-
Horo H Toro >Ke - TeppHTopHH, TPYlI,HO nOHHTb, nOIl.eMY KOJIaKCaHC,
npHHHB OT CBOHX 6paTbeB U.apCTBO KaK CJIHHOe u.eJIoe. npHHHMaeT-
CfI ero l,e..1HTb B c..1e.n.YIOll.leM nOKOJIeHHH, TO ecTb CHOBa c03AaeT
.n.JIH CBOHX CbIHOBeH HeY.ll.06cTBO, B03MO>KHbIe onaCHOCTH, KOTOpblX
H36eMaTJ eaM; OLl,HaKO erO nOBeLl,eHHe BbIrJIH.n.HT BnOJIHe nOCJleAOBa-
TeJIbHblM, eCJII-J B nepBOM C'1YIl.ae C.'IOBO «UapCTBO» 03HaIl.aeT npeA-
CTaBHTeilbCTBO Bcero 06ll.lCCTBCHHoro nopH.n.Ka, a BO BTOpOM - Tep.
pHTopHaTlbHOC npaBJICHHe. 3TH 1I.Ba 3HalIeHHH MO>KHO npOHlllllOCTpH-
pOBaTb 3HaKoMoi'i KapTHHKOH. npC.n.CTaBbTe ce6e nHpor B neKapHe
KOH.n..HTcpa: no.n.. UYKaTaMH, KOTopbIe nOKpbIBalOT ero ueJIHKOM.
YKJIa.n.bIBaIOTcH paBHoMeplio. ropH30HT3JIbHO. CJIOU 38 CJIoeM 6HCK-
8HT, B3pCHbe, CHOB3 6HCKBHT. A Tenepb TOT >Ke nHpor - TOJIbKO Ha
CJIeLl,YIOll.leM 3Tanc. Ha CTOJIe: H pa3pe3alO ero Ha BepTHK3JIbHble
KYCKH paBHbIMH LJaCTHMIi (HJIH >Ke caMbIH 60JIbllIOH KYCOK OT.n..eJIHIO
.n.JIH BHHOBHHKa TOp>KeCTBa). HO CO.n..ep>KHMOe 3THX qaCTeH. MX
CTpYKTypa O,1HHaKoBbi. I1MeHHo TaKoro pOAa onepaUHIO H Bocnpo-
H3BO.n..HT CKHcpCKa:R ..'ICrCH.n.a, rOBopH nOOIl.epe.n.HO 0 KOJIaKC8HCe-
6paTC H KOllaKCaI1Ce-oTue.
113 3Toro TOJIKOBaHHH BbIICKaeT: 1) qTO cepHH aBxaTbl H npo-
Il.He He 03HaLJaeT OT.ll.eJIbllhlC, OTJIHlJalOlillieC:R OJI.Ha OT 1I.pyroi'l CKlut>-
140
CKHe Hapo.n..HOCTH, KaKHMH 6blJIH, HanpHM:ep. no COCe1l.CTBY C HHMH
}{o.,'lOBHH rpeKOB - reppbI. alla30HbI, Kall"lHm1.n..bl; 2) Il.TO OHa .n.0Jl>K-
Ba 03Ha'-I3Tb <PYHKu.HOHa'IbHble THnbl, COIl.eTaHHe KOTOpbIX H 06pa-
3yeT u.CJIoe 06ll.lCCTBO. npoBepHTb MO>KHO TO..lbKO nepBoe npe.n.no-
JIO>KeHHe.
113BeCTIlO, TO repoAoT caM, nOAp06HO nOBe.'\aB 0 npOHCXO>K-
JI,eHHH aBxaToB, KaTHapoB, TpacnHeB H napallaToB, 60JIee Y>Ke 0
HHX HHfLl,e lie ynoMHHaeT. 3Ta oc06eHHocTb 6bl1a no.n..MeIl.eHa, H
OTCIOJ.ta HHor.n.a CJIHlllKOM nocnewHO .n.eJIaJIH BbIBO.Ll., lITO pe'-Ib H.n.eT
o .n.aBHO HCIl.e3HYBWHX Hapo.n..HOCTHX. «Ha3BaHHH aBxaTbI, KaTHap,
"pacnHH H napaJIaTbI,- nHca1H aBTOpbI "Antiquites de la Russle
meridionale" 23,_ rOBopHT 0 nepBH'-IHOCTH MH<pa, npHBe.n..eHHoro fe-
pOAOTOM H60 caM HCTOpHK Y>Ke 60JIee He ynoMHHaeT 06 31HX n1e-
MeHax B' CBoeM no.n.p06HOM onHcaHMH CKH<pHH H coce.n..HHX cTpa».
.:ho MOJIIl.aHHe OTHOCHTeJ1bHO reorpa43w-lecKoro pa3Mell.leHHH Il.e1 bI-
pex Hapo.n.oB TeM 60JIee npHMeqaTeJIbHO, lITO. KpOMe nJIHHHH, HH
O.n..HH YlIeHbIH .n..peBHOCTH He npHBO.ll.HT IIH 01l.HOrO H3 3THX HMeH 11
'-11'0 MeCTa, rIte nJIHHHH ynoMHHaeT O,,],HO HJIH ;LBa 83 3THX HMeH,
He BHywalO1 AOBepHH: Nat. Hist., 6, 50, Ha3bIBaeT llaB:pHHKa
Euchatae H Cotieri, HO 310 - B nepeHe ABaAQaTH Ha3BaHHH, cpe-
AH KOTOpbIX <jJHrypHpYIOT TaK>Ke Aa."eKHe HcceAOHbI H JIereHAapHbIe
8pHMacnbI, H 3TOT nepeIl.eHb npoTo .n.OJI>KeM npoH.fI..flIOCTpHpBa:b
xapaKTepH3YlOIllee CKH<jJHIO mulhtudo populorum mnumera, 33.
K8HIl.MBaeTCH OH c..1e.n.YIOll.lHMH CJIOBaMH, lI.OK83blBalOll.lHMH, liTO
nJIHHHH Il.epna..'I CBeLl,eHHH r.n..e non8.:'l0, He C.flHWKOM nOJIaraHCb Ha
CBOI1 HCTO'-IHHKH: «HH 06 O.n..I-IOH lIaCTIf MHpa HeT TaKHX pacxo>K.n.. e -
HHH Me>K.n.y aBTopaMH, H 3TO, H .n..YMalO, H3-3a Il.HC..la H HenOCTOHH-
CTBa 3THX nJIeMeH». B 6, 22 Auchatae Ha3BaHbI B nepeHe Hapo-
JI,OB, KOTopble HK06bI YHHlITO:>KH.flH TaHaHTOB H HaneB, Il.TO: nO-BH-,
Jl.HMOMY,- 3nHeCKaH TpaAHQIlH, nOToMY TO NapaeI <jJHrYPHpylO}
ell.J.e TOJIbKO B o.n..noi't .11ereHIte 0 npOHCXO>KlI.eHHH, BapHaHTe B10pOH.
«cKH<po-rpeIl.CCKoii». 3anHcaHHoH repO,,],OTOM 24: conlaCHO )1,HOAOpy
CHUH."HHCKOMY (2, 43, 3-4), Y 3eBca OT D.eBbI;MeH .pOAHlCH CbIII
CKH<jJ nOTOMKH KOToporo na,1 H Han (TIGt/.o" 1\'n1) HK06b1
pa3AeHJIH HaABoe QapcTBo CKH<jJOB, Ha3BaB OAHHX na1aMH, ApyrHx
HanaMH _ pa3JIHlIHe, He HaXOAHll1.ee COOTBeTTBHH HH B ,1leM H3
Toro TO H3BeCTHO. B 4, 88, HaKOHeQ, n.1HHHH ."OKa."H3yel Auche-
1ai: 'rHnaHHc H311HHaeTCH Y HHX. Me >KAY TeM fepo.!1.o T qaCTO yo-
MHHaeT 06 3TOH peKe lie YKa3bIBaH Ha HHX. 3TO HC'lle3HOBeHHe 1 aK
Ha3bIBaeMbIX «Hapo.n.B», npOHCIlle,lI,WHX OT KOJIaKCaHCa Hero
6paTbeB TeM 60.11ee y.n..HBJlHeT, lITO peqb .n..OJI>KHa 6bIJIa 6bI HATH
06 aKTBHofI H U.HBHJIH30B3HHOfI Il.aCTH CKH<pcKoro co06ll.J.eca.
cBH3aHlioH e 3eMJIe.n..eJIblIecKoiJ >KH3HblO, KaK 3T no.n..llepKHBaJI a-
TblUIeB, 11 Il.aCTH, 6e3YCJIOBHO, nOMep>KHBaBWeH KOHTaKTbI C rpe-
KaMH. 11 TeM 60JIee MO>KHO JIH AonycTHTb, Il.TO HCTOpHH YMo.flqa.fla
o napaJIaTax. KOTopbIe, COfJIaCHO 3THHlIecKo-reorpa<pHIl.eCKoMY TOJl-
I" 23 N Kondakov, K. Toistoi. S. Reinach, 1891. c. 160.
24 0 'teM CM.: A. M. Xa33HOB, LlHT. cOt!., c. 37-38.
141

KOBaHHIO (HanpHMCp, DCHBCIIHCTa). !lOmKllbI 6bWH 6bITb, H60
npOH30rnlm 01' u.apfl, u.apCKHMH CKH<p3MJ1?
41'0 me K3caeTCH npe.n.nOJiOm€HHH, 6y,aTO llereH.aa, paccK333H-
HaR fcp01I.OT}'. Morna COXpaHI1Tb n01I.lIHHHbIH nepetleHb Hapo.n..OB,
HC'1e3II}BWHX CTOJi€THfi Ha3a.n.. TO OHO HHll€M He nO.D.TBep>K.D,aeTCH:
C O.a,1I0H CTOpOllbl, 01' llereH.ll.bI 0 np0l1CXO>KLI,€HHH HapoJ.t rpe6yeT
06'bHCHeHHH, onpaB.n..aHHH 06ll.leCTB8 B TOM BHLI,e. B K3KOM DH era
3HaeT, Ii C HM€H8MH, KOTOPbl€ 011 3HaeT; c ..apyroH CTOpOHbI, 06bIq
HO IjJOJ1bK,TOP HC 06pCMCHHCT Cc6H B Ylllcp6 COBpCMCHHOCTH 3aKO-
CT€He.rlofl OHOMacTHKoti.. H MHOrO'-llIcJl€lII-lbIe H3M€HeHHfI 3THHt:leCKHX
HMeH, npOHCIlI€.ll.WH€ 113-38 HCKa>KeHHfI Ii\: HJIH 33M€HbI ApyrHMH B
npOM€>KYTOK M€}J{LI,Y C3BpOM3T3MH fepo.n.OT3 H COBpeM€HHbIMH oce-
THH3MH, J.tOK33bIB8IOT lITO «eBponeficKHe HpaHll.bI» He cTeCHflllHCb
npHcnoca6l1HBaTb CBoii penepTyap K HOBblM 06CTD:fnellbCTBaM.
COBCCM HlIoe .aCJIO, CC,'H BO BpCMeHa repo.aOTa napa.,aTbi H npo-
1-!He 6blollH HMeHaMH HenpeXO,LtRll.le 3KTyallbHblX COUHaJIbHblX TunOB
KOTopbIe C l lHTaJ1HCb CKm!)CKOH My.n..pOCTblO OCHOBOnOJIaralOlllHMH:
B 1960 r COBCTCKHH yqCHbI'I 3. A. rpHTOBCKHH, BHHB MOHM
.n..oo,,],aM, nonblTallCH npH06ll.lHTb K Ll,eJlY .n..OTOlle He Hcn0J1b30BaH-
HbIH HC'O'1HHK H nOlIepnHYTb H3 Hero 4aCTH'1HOe JI.OKa3aTeJ1bCTBO
Toro, qTO 4>YHKl1.HOHaollbHoe TOJiKOBaHHe aBxaTOB, KaTHapOB, rpac-
nHeB, napallaTOB H CbIHOBeH TaprHTaH npaBHllbHO 25. 3TOT TeKCT-
OTpbIBOK H3 «AproHaBTHKH» BaJ1CpHH <1>."aKKa, 6, 48-64 26 .
nepelIHCJIHH rex, KTO BXO;:I,HJI B orpoMHoe BOHCKO, c06paHHoe
Ha Tcppm.opHH OT JJ:YHaH )r.o I1H)!.HH, BOHCKO, KOTOpOC nCpCCH
C06HpaJ1CH 6pOCHTb npoTHB A3Tcca H cro COlO311HKa 5lcolla, n03T
CHalIaJIa ynoMHHaeT AHaycHca, «BeLl,Yll.lero 3a C060H cTpeMHTE'Jib-
HblX aJIaHOB H HpOCTHbIX xeHHOKOB». AHaycHc, oTBeprHYTbIH >KeHHX
Me.n..eH,- J1HUO oc060 3aHHTepecoBaHHoe. Bo rJ1aBe BToporo KOHTHH-
reHTa. COCTOHll.lerO H3 6H3aJIbTOB, CTOHT caMblH 6JIeCTHll.lHH BO BeeH
KOaJIHUHH BOHII, norry60r:
PH.aOM C HHM 6H3aJIbTHHCKoe BOHeKo C BO>K.n..eM CBOHM Ko-
J1aKCHCM, pO>K)!.CHHbIM H3 KpOBH 60roB. ::!To B CKHIjJHH, 6J1H3
3CJ1CHOH MHpac3 H 6J1H3 YCTbCB TH6HcHca 3a'JaJ1 cro IOnH-
Tep, OXBalI€HHblH JIlO60BblO, eCJIH BepTb pCCKa3aM, K cYll.le-
CTB C TyoBHll.leM nOllymHBoTHoro, H He n060HBWHCb Ll,BYX
3MeH 3TOH HHM<pbI. BCH 4>a.11aHra HOCHT HaqepTaHHbIe Ha ll.lH-
Tax HHCHrHHH IOnHTepa C TpeMH rOpHll.lHMH KOnb5IMH: 11 He
TbI, pHMCKHH BOHH, nepBbIM 3aCTaBHlI ropeTb Ha CBOeM opY-
>KHH Kpblll3Tble JIyqH MO.:'lHHH 27 1 K .3TOMY 3H3KY KOJIaKC
npHcoc)!.HHHJ1 3M6J1CMY MaTcpH CBOCH XOpbI - )!.BC 30J10TbIe
25 XXV Me>K).lYHapOJl"HbI:H KOHrpecc BOCTOKOBe,[I,OB (MocKBa, aBryCT 1960).
,n,OKJIa,n, Ha PYCKOM Hg. (22 c.) 11 B HeMelJ,KO:H pe,n:aKlJ,I1H (27 c.); H 6y).lY nHn1po-
BaTb nOCJle).lHHH. 
26 Bce nOCJleJl"YlOlllee 'laCTJi'::I.HO BocnpOH3BOJl"HT CTaTblO ony6JIHKOBaHHYlO S IIJ
5. 1962, c. 187-202. ,.
21 HaMeR Ha 1I.seHa,n,u.aTbI:H JlerHOH MpatJ"o:p6pfj'" a'tp-::()1j£tG-'" (11.11011 Kac-
cHA, 45, 23).
142
3MeH, Orl. H3 npoTHB .apyroi1,  I1J.KH KU'IOpbIX c6rrH>KaIOTCH, t:ITO-
6bI Y>Ka.'HTb Kpyr."ylO rCMMY, npH>KKY ncpcBH3H.
TpCTbHM H.aCT ABX, ropllo pa3Bopa'JHBaH TbICH'JH nOi!06-
HbIX !lpyr )!.pyry ,'IOi\CH - BoiicKO KHMMCpHHLlCB. Ero BpO>K.
.lI.el-lHO€ YKpaweHHe - 6€rrble BO.fJOCbI, HO B03pacT, HaCTrnaH,
Y>Ke 06H3>KH.'l ero rr06. 01-1 nOBH3a1 CBOH BHCKH.. TpOHHbIM
Y3.'10M H OCT3B.fJ:ReT :l.Be aellTbI HHcn3,'J.3Tb co CBoeH CBHll.J.€H-
HOH rorrOBbl 28.
napa)!. npOi\O.'>KaCTCH, laKHM 06pa30M, B."O"Ib )!.O l70-ro pa3-
,D,e.fJa, H OH >KHBOnHCHee BoeneToro B ce.n..bMOH neCHH «3HeH,D,bl».
H6u 3Jl,eeb TeCIHiTCfJ BeCb CeBep H BeCb BoC1'OK.
lI.aBHo Y>Ke H3.n..aTe.fJH «AprOHaBTHKH» 29 npH3H3l111 B KO.:'laKCe
repo.n..oToBcKoro KO.:'laKCaHCa - no::11' .fJl1Wb npHnHCaJ1 eMY CKa30 l l-
HOC pO>K.aCHHC, KOTOpOC CTapbIH HCTOpHK (4, 9) OCTaBJ1HCT Ha )!.o-
J110 repOH 113 ;:I.pyroro BapHaHTa .fJereH,D,bI 0 npOHCXO}KLI,eHHH CK-
IjJOB, B ABXC >KC YCMOTpCJ1H My)!{CKO HMH, npoH3Boi!HOC OT aB.xa-
TOB Taro me fepOLl,OT3. fpaHTOBCKHH ClIe.fJ, qTO MO>K€T nOHTH
1I.aJ1bllle 30.
PaCCMOTpHM, nHllleT 011, Tenepb .n..aHHbIe OTpblBK3 H3 «Ap.
rOllaBTHKH» Ba,"CpHH <1>J1aKKa (VI, 48-64), ri\C paccKa3bIBa-
CTCH 0 Colaxcs (Colaxais) H Auchus (LipOXaIs rCpOi\OTa),
p0Ll,OHatIa.fJbHHKe aBxaTOB. lI.3HHble ::Horo OTpbIBKa onpe,D,eJIeH
1I0 CBH.n..eTe"lbCTBYIOT, liTO OHI1 He3aBHCHM:bI OT repo.n..OTa H
oeHOBbIBaIOTC5I Ha XOPOW€H TPUUULHH. KOJI3KC H306pa>Ka-
eTCH 3!1CCb KaK BoeHHbIH npC)!.Bo.amC,'b (ductor) OTpH)!.a C
BoeHHbIMH HHCHrHH5IMH CKH4>OB, tITO BnO.fJHe !l0.n..XO.n..HT !< 3TH-
qeCKOMY H306p3>KellHIO OCI-lOBaT€J1H HpaHcKoH EoeHHOH apH-
CToKpaTHH. Ho oc06eHHo xapaKTepHo CJ1e.n..YIOll.J.ee 3aTeM onH-
caHHC ABxa. 370, 6cccnopHo, npc.acTaBHTc."b CKHIjJCKOro >KpC-
28 Proxima Bisaltae legio [vaL regio] ductorque Colaxes.
sanguis et ipse deum, Scythicis. quem Juppiter oris
progenuit uiridem Myrace.H Tiblsenaque lUxta
ostia, semifero (dignum S1 credere) cap.tus
corpore, nec nymphae geminos exhorrUit angues.
Cuncta phaJanx insige .Jouis celatque gestat
tegmina dispersos trihdls ardonbus Igns;
nec primus radios mile R,?mane,. CorUSC1
fubninis et ruUlas scubs dlffudens alas.
Insuper auratos collegerat ipse dracones.
matris Horae specimen, linquisque aduersus utnmque
congruit et tereti serpens dat uulnera gemmae.
Tertius unanimis ueniens cum milibus Auchus
Cimmerias ostentat opes, cui candidus oUm
crinis inest, natale decus; dat longior aetas
iam spatium; triplici percurrens tempora nodo
demitbt sacra geminas a uertke uittas. .
29 P. Lange B «Berl. stud. f. class. PhiIologie u. Archaeolog te », [, 1896,
c. 404-405. l1Mfl HI1MtPbl semifera. MaTepn KonaKcHca - H6ra - HMSI nape.n.pbl
KBHpHHa B pl1MCKOH TeonorHH
'" C. 7-8.
143

tleCTBa. YKa3bIBaeTCH, B tlaeTHOeTIf. na ero oeo6bIH rOJIOBHOH
y60p, TpH>Kl1bI 06.BHBalOLl!HH rOJIOBY [6YKB. «06BHBaH BHCKH
TpOHHOH nOBH3KOH» (HJIH pJIOM) J, co cnYCKalOLl!HMHCH co
CBHLl!eHHOH ro."OBbI (sacer yertex) I1BYMH (CBHLl!eHHblMH)
JIeHlaMH HJIH nOBH3KaMH (VItta). CneI1HaJIbHbIH rOJIOBHOH
y60p 6b1JI OTJIHqHTeJIbHbIM npH3HaKOM >KpeqeCTBa y HpaHCKHX
Hapo.WB (ABeCTa, peJIbeq,bI Depceno."HCa H 1". 11.). Ha 30.10-
TbIX nJIaCTHHKax H3 AMYl1apbHHCKoro K,1al1a, H306pa>KalOLl!HX
>KpeI10B, Bcerl1a nOl1qepKHYT OC06b1H ro."OBHOH y60p qaCTO B
BH.n..e nOBH3KH, 3aBH33HHOH Ha JI6y. C 06H3aTeJIbHO nYCKalO-
ll.lHMHCH C o6eHX CTOpOH rOJIOBbI KOHuaMH nOBH3KH. YXOltHll.lH-
MH HHor.:!,a .n..aJIeKO BHH3
He I1YMalO, qT06bI, BOI1BOpHB 3TH CTHXH (48-64) Ha TO Me-
CTO B KaTaJIOre, OTKY.n...a OHH B3HTbl, MO>KHO 6bIJIO npHH:HTb 3TH
XHTPOYMHbJe npeI1JIO>KeHHH. KaKOBbI 6bI HH 6b1."H HCTOqHHKH BaJIe-
pHH <1JJIaKKa 31, HCKJII01JeHO. llT06bI 0 KOllaKce HJIH aBxaTax OH
pacnOllaraJI .n..pyrHMH CBH.n..eTeJIbCTBaMH, KpOMe Tex, KOTopbIe H3Be-
CTHbI H HaM, TO eCTb fepO.AOTa 32.
. DOllee Toro. ?H HCnOJIb30Ball MaTepHaJI KaK n03T, H. 1JTO Kaca-
elCH nepCOHa>Ken If HapOlIOB, TO OH HBHO CIlHTaJI ce6H BnpaBe npH-
MeHH1'b If X HMeHa no cBoeMY YCMOTpeHHlO, Hlm, BepHee, «HaHJIY.HllHM
06pa30M», llT06bI C03ltaTb, KaK eMY H y.n..aJIOCb 31'0 c.n..eJ1aTb Bne-
llaTJIeHHe orpOMHOH H 6eCnOpHlI,01lHOH M06HJIH3aUHH Bcex H CfI 33.
OH 3a6aBJIHJiCfI K TOMY >Ke H Ha MaHep BeprHJIHH COtlHHHBWero
HMeHa HeKOTopbIX HTa.,lHikKHX repoeB no 06pa3uaM: B3HTblM H3 no-
31 11 PCTOBQeB (CKHclJHSI H Eocnop, 1925, c. 57-62). K KOTOpOMy OTCblJU1L.
rpaHToB.cKHH, Jl"onoJIHJe! ueHHXIO ).lHCeepTaUHIO (A. Heeren. De ehorogr.aphia
a Valerio Fiacco adhlbda (Gottingen), 1899; KaK H PocToBueB, H He CllHTalO,
\lTO Heeren npaB (c. 89-90), C80M Bee KHH>KHble CBe,ll.,eHHH naTHHCKoro n03Ta
K e.n:HHCTBeHHoii nOTepHHHOH xpoHorpaclJHH, H H ,lI.,aJKe Jl"OnYCKalO B03MO>KHOCTb
(R. Hermand « Va]erius Flaceus et Jes barbares» - Rev. de PhiloL 23, 1899,
c. 37-50). 11TO OH rOBopHn Ha 3TH TeMbl C oclJHQepaMH, XOpOlIIO 311aBllIHMH eOBpe-
MeHHYIO A3HIO. Bo BCHKOM e.nyqae, UH H3 3TIO;1;OB Heeren'a, fiH H3 C006pa)KeHHH
POCTOBQeBa fie e.rleJl"yeT TO, 0 qeM nHllIeT rpaHTOBeKHH, a HMeHHO IJTO «HCTOqHHKH
(f)Jiaa BO MHOfHX C.J1YlJaflx Jl"peBHee, lJeM TPYJl" repOJ.J;OT3». (.n).
Heeren, YKa3. COlI.. c. 58, npoQHTHpOBaB TeKeTN nJIHHHfI 06 aBxaTax-----eB-
xaTax, nHllIeT: «Haec omnia sunt 9u3e de Auchatis eomperta habemus, omniaque
a . Herodoto . rpetuntur, post eUlus aetatem nemo 'quicquam de Auchatis aut
vldlt aut adlvlt; Auchataum gens earum est, quarum memoria procedente tem-
pore evanUit. ItaqlJe Valenus apud auctorem suum de eis non plus reperire potuit
quam nos apud Herodotum legimus> «3TO Bce, liTO MbI HMeeM 06 aBxaTax,
H Bee 3TO - nOBTopeHHe repO,ll.,OT3, nOCJie KOToporo HHKTO aBX3TOB He BHJI"eJI
H H"'IerO 0 HHX He CJIblUI3JI; aBxaTbl OKa3anHeb HapO,ll.,OM, naMflTh 0 KOTOpOM B no-
CJ1e).lYIOIlI.ee BpeMfl He'le3J1a; CTaJIO 6b1Tb, Banep"" MOl' nOqepnHYTh 83 CBoero He
TO'IHKa He 60nec Toro, "'ITO Mbi 'IHTaeM y r epOJl"OTa»_
51 HMefO n BHJ1.Y HaqaJ10 KaTanora, 6, 33-38.
Hine age Rhipaio quos uideris orbe furores
Musa, mone quanto Scythiam molimine Pe;ses
eoncierit, quis fretus equis per bell a uirisque
ue.rum ego nee munero memorem nee nomine clinctos
1!Ie uel ora mouens; neque enim plaga gentibus ulla
dlhoL.
144
c,"eJI.YlOLl!eH HCTOpHH PHMa. Ype3aB, HanpHMep, HaBaHHSI «apMSI-
H('». «aKBHT5IHe». OH C03.n..aJI HMeHa ABYX nepCOHaJKell - CKHa Ap-
MeCa (CT. 530) H cBHLl!eHHOCJIY>KHTeJIH KOJIXHI1b1 AKBHTeca (cOKpa-
THB ifM. TaKHM >Ke 06pa30M, C He 60J1bWen noc5e.n..OBaTeJIbHOCTblO
oH 06pa30BaJI H3 rep0110TOBCKHX aBxaToB ABxa ,n,?pyqHB eMY K
TOMY >Ke KOMaH.n..oBaHHe AOHC1'OpHlleCKHMH KHMMepHHI;.aMH, Tor.n.a
K3K CKHq,a Ko."aKCa nOCTaBHJI BO rJIaBe 6H3aJIbTHHIJ.eB - Hapo-
;la. >KHBllIerO He B CKH<pHH, a B MaKe.n..OHHH: Ha ..npOTH}KeHH Bcero
Ka1'aJ10ra OH lleHCTByeT C Ton >Ke caMOBJIaC1'HOH cpaHTa3HeH.
HaKoHeI1, eMY qaCTO HpaBHTcH rOBOpHTb 06 011 HOM Hapol1e TO,
'!TO I1peBHHe aBTOpbI rOBOpHJIH 0 ;\pyroM. TaKHM 06pa30M, H fpaH-
TOBCKHH OTHeCCfI K 3TOMY 6e3 .n..oJI>KHOn OCTOpO>KHOCTIf - HapH.n..y
co CKa30qHbIMH «apHMacnaMH» (CM. CTHXH 129-130, p a l1 H KOTOpbIX
OH onpoKH.n..bIBaeT Tpa.n..HUHlO HJIH. BepHee, TO. 1JTO 6bIJ10 CKa3aHO
fepo.llOTOM 36 H nOCTOHHHO nOCJIe Hero nOBTopHJIOCb) H He MeHee
CKa30Ql1bIMH «THpcareTaMH» (CM.: c. 134-142, HMH KOTOpbIX OH
o6pa30BaJ1 H3 «THccareTOB») H «araTHpcOB» H nOCTpOHJI Ha HeM ue-
lIHKOM BbIMbIWlleHHYIO BaKXH1JecKYIO JIereH.n..y 31) n031' Ha3bIBa'
Hapo.n.. OM Tex >Ke aBxaTOB H npHnHCbIBaeT HM npHMeHeHHe H3 BOll-
He opHrHHaJIbHoro npHeMa (CM. 132-133)38.
BOT Y>K aBxaTbI, MaJIO H3noMHHa]{)Ll!He >KpeI10B! K TO MY >Ke
OHH H He HaC1'OHll.lHe HOCHTeJIH HCKYCC1'Ba. KOTopoe HM 3n.eCb npH-
nHCbIBaeTCH: BaJIepHH <1JJIaKK nepeHec Ha aBxaTOB - TaK KaK He
3HaJI 0 HHX HHllero. a 111'0-1'0 Han.o 6bIJIO cKa3aTb - CJIOBa fepolI,O-
Ta 0 carapTHHI1aX H naB33HHHX (7, 85) H 0 capMaTa9 (1. 21 8)
(HCKa>KeHHOe Ha3BaHHe repol1oTOBCKHX carapTHHI1eB?) .
EeJIbIe BOlIOCbI ABxa - TaK>Ke CJ1ellCTBHe no.n..06Horo nepeHece-
I1HH: DJIHHHH B HaqaJIe KH. VII, 2, TaM, me TaK>Ke pe% Hl1eT 06
apHMacnax H cKHq,ax, YKa3b1Baer, "TO JIIOI1H C pueritia statim ca-
nos Ha6J1IOLI,aJIHCb Y KaBKa3CKHX 8JI6aHu.eB. '
To. IlTO BaJ1epHH <1JJIaKK Ha3bIBaeT ABxa cBHll.lenHbIM, H.n..eT, KO-
HellHO, He 01' aBxaTOB H He HMeeT HMK3Koro OTHOllleHHH K oc06eH-
HOCTHM ero BOJIOC.
Ho npH 1JeM 3LI,eCb >Kpeu, .n..a ewe B 3TOM MecTe? Ha1JMH3H no
KpaHHeH Mepe C «3HeHl1bI» H ee BOHHcTBeHHoro >KpeI1a YM6po
(Vll, 750-759) H, KOHe"HO, eLl!e 110 «3HeHl1bI» n0110 6HblH THn
BO>K.n..H. C01leT3Blllero B CBoeM JIHue BOHHa H >Kpeu.a, BCTpetlaJ1CH
npH tlTeHHH Beex K3TaJIOrOB, H eCJ1H 3.n..eCb OH HBJ1HeTCH nOIlTH B
HatlaJIe. CP33Y >Ke BCJIeA 33 eLI,HHCTeHHbIM H3 Bcex nepeIlHCJIeHHbIX
repoeB nO.f!y60rOM. TO 31'0 He CJIytlaHHO, a HBHO B OMn03Hu.HOHHbIX
I1eJIHX: BaJIepHH <!>JIaKK BK.'IOQHJI B orpOMHoe BOCKO (CTHX 42-:
170) He 011Horo, a Tpex paBHO CBHllJ.eHHbIX BO>Kl1eH C pa3JIHQHOH
34. Heren, op. cit., c. 20, 30. .
$S Heeren, op. cit., c. 59; Langen, op. Clt. c. 405.
36 Heeren, op. cit., e. 31-32.
31 Heeren, op. cit., c. 54.
"3S GOctus et Auehates patulo uaga uincula gyro
spargere et extremas laqueis addueere tunnas.
39 Heeren, op. cit, e. 58-59.
145
10 3SK. 112

CneI1HaJIH3aI1Heii - >K p e"a
H  ,npeJ].CKa3aTeJIH, 3HaXa p H - P a3MeC
x rapMOHH'leCKM paBHOMe p . . THO
(CTHX 60-64 ) HO. >Kp e l1 a nO'1TH '1TO B lIa'laJIe n03Mbt
311 . ' npeJ].CKa3aTeJIH - B CepeJ].Hlle (CTHX 114-119
alOKa BCHKOro 3eJIbH - noJ]. KOlleI1 (CTHX 150-159 ) 11 ),
Hero _ Coastes 40 nO-BM' . MH nOCJIe,lJ,-
nbl, BbI.n.31O HMC n J.tHMO}. B3HTO H3 HuMeHH 3THHI:leCKOH rpyn-
rae _ III pelI,CT3SHle.f!eM KOTOpOH OH HBlIHeTCH, Choat-
30BHOHOlI,a - I ah>Ke BblMbIIlI.:leHHoro, H33B3HHe KOToporo 06 a-
ra)". I1MH HT:T' Yu: rOpb! B nap<p HH (Choatres, Chtat-
.il.PY>K€CTBeHHoro PHY BOiK.D.H' r03MO}f(HO. JPoHBeJ.teHo OT HMeHH
T3K>Ke n03.L1..Hee 0 ero cbIHe" pM3HueB annlliS. 0 KOTOpOM - a
nOHBJIeHHH peA3KUHH «AprO Ha :»4:0OPHAOCb He3aJ.tOdro AO
;Atchus, TO 0110 6b!JIO HBHO npoH3BeJ].e: c=:o MeH u:
epoJ].ola noJ]. BJIHHHHeM J].pyr
Colaxes. KOTopoe J].aHHoMY npeJ].wecTro roJ].oTOBcKoro HMeHH,
Hoe KOHTeKCTOM. B COIIeT3HHM co CB yeT. u TaK" HMH, oJ.tCKa3aH-
Tpe60BaJIaCb 3J].eCb no nJIaH 'Ka HeHHOH <PYHKI1HeH a OHa
BbIH MHpalK. KOTOpblH fpaHioBc TJIOra - H C03Jl,3B3. r lO ceM: KpaCH-
B3Tb Ho 3TO He 6 KHH CLJ:e.!l B03MO>KHblM HcnO.!lb30-
. o..'1ee lleM MHpa>K JJ.oc .
KaKHM OHO 6blJiO J.teB51Tl-la;:ULaTb ;'JeT. b OCTaCTCH TaKHM >Ke.
TOllHHK _ repOJ.tOT. .: Ha3a.n.. Halli eLJ.HHCTBeHHbIH HC-
BTOpoe npe;\."O>KeHHe K C .
Bo06111e. B I1HJ].HH brahana O:HlO, HB03MO>KHO npOBepHTb
rathaestar, vastryo-fSuyant"--': 3;" ya, valsya, B I1paHe athravan,
JIOrHH HCHbI cpa3Y .>Ke H n03BOJI C.JIBa, CMbIC..l I\OTOpbIX H 3THMO-
CTa, 1:11'0 pellb H.D,eT 0 HaHMeHOBHl YTBe>KLI,aTb .n..a>K: 6e3 KOHTeK-
BOHHOB K peCTbHH H . 6 aHHHX «1 pex COC.nOBHU» - m p eUOB
, . e 1aK 0 CTOHT ]teJI .
THapbI. TpacnHH na p aJIaTbl E o c nepeliHeM aBxaTbI. Ka-
, . LI,HHCTBeHHoe Ha (ITO
paCCQHTbIBaTb,- 31'0 nOKa3aTb . 6" MbI MO>K€M
eT npHeMJIeMYIO 3THM01l0rHlO I £l10 OJIbllIaH qaCTb HMeH LI,OnycKa-
HanpaBJIeHHocTb. Ho ncKo."K P:CHHlOlllYIO HX <PYHKI1HOHa.%HYIO
eT H3 ueJIoro .LI.OKa3aTb liTO } Koe HX OCMbICJIeHHe He BblTeKa-
CTO 6bIBae1'. ;THMOJIOrHeCKaHOO npaBH..lbHO, He.rIb3SL KaK .31'0 £la-
TOB, nO.LI.TBep.>K!I,alOllU1X Te3HC e rpa He nOCTaB.!lHeT 3.LI.eCb aprYMeH-
npaBOMepHOCTb OCHOBbIBaeTC H BTOe330}f{HOCTb; BO BCHKOM oIyqae.
ce, BbIABHHYTOM 3apaHee. B
4(J ImpuIit et duios Phrixei uelleris ardor
gent?ras t dims magico tenore Choatras
m'fcle.Superos saeuus honor, omnibu anes
I. . nunc. uero notio cornpesccre frondes
n<: subltam repldis Maeotin soJuere plaustris '
alI:nus os mter Stygia uenit arte Coastes' .
s?llllat nec fl:\-artis arnor, sed fama Cvtaeae '
41 Irgmls et pB;flbus spirans Medea uenenis
.42 eeen, op. Clt.. c. 20, 37. .
Duclt ab Hyrcanis uates sacer agmina Iuds
Vanus; 11rr:. Sc:ythiae jam tertia uideral aetas
4-3 :e,n. Mmyas Argoaque uela canentem...
146
PC3y.'IbTaTC cpYII)1aMeHTaJlbBOrO ana.:'IH3a. Dbl.:'10 MHoro nonbITOK
TO.1KOBaHH5J, HH oLum H3 IIMX He y.D,OB.!lCTBOp5JeT nOJIHOCTb, H H
orpaHH1-IYCb JIHIllL TeM, GTO npeLI,CTaB.:11O CBOIO, C orOBopKOH, npe.LI.-
nOJIaraeMoi-i 3TI1MH HrpaMH 44. PaCCMOTpHM npe>K1I.e Ha3B3HHH 1 SV 'YJ.
npOHCliJelI,WHX 01' CbIHUBeii TaprHTaSL
1. nOKa y;I,aJIOCb YCTalIOBHTb, Ka1KeTC5J, CJIe;I,YIOWHH e1I.HHCT
BeHHbIfl nYHKT, KCTaTH 06lU.IfH np" Bcex TO1]KOBaHHHX, KOTOpbIlt no-
6Y>K.LI. aeT HHTepnpCTl-lpOB3Tb GCTblpe Ha3BaHHH B U€JIOM (a OHH He-
npeM€HHO O}IHOp0;I..Hbl) KaK onpC,il,e.!leHHH THi10B .:11OLI,eH: TIapa).a'ta'.t
(O>KCT 6bITb, II:X:X18a::lt, eCJIH HcnpaBHTb A Ha .1, 1'10 He
06:R3aTeJIbHO) BOCXO,D,HT K aBccTHi-kKOMY «BbI1I.BHUYTbIH (H.!lH C03-
13HHbIH?) Bnepell» - 3nHT€T, npe>K.LI.e OTHOCHBWHHCH K OJ1,HOMY
.-lHllIb nepcoHamy, CKa30GHOMY uaplO XaOllIbHHxe, H 3aTeM CTaB-
IIIMH HMeHeM OCHOBmmOH HM 1I.HHaCTHH 45. A XaollIbHHxa COCTaBJI5J-
eT B ABeCTe BMeCTe co CBOHMH 6paTbHMH TpHa;\y, Tp H <PYHKI1HO-
n3.:1bHoe 3HaqeHHe KOTOpOH HCH0-46,: XaOllIb5JHXa Parad1ita «pa3py-
UlaeT» (KOp. gan-) JjBe TpeTH JjeMOHOB, KO,1JjYHOB H np.; noCJIe He-
ro Taxmu YpynH (YpynH «repOHQeCKHib» «n06e)!C1aeT» (aiwi-van)
TO, £lTO OCTaeTC5J 01' 3Toro ;I..eMOHHQeCKOrO MHpa, H e3AHT BepXOM
Ha AHrpa MaHHblO B Te1:1CHHe TpH1I.U.aTH .!leT; nOC1]e HcrO PlHMa-
XllIaeTa hV3 B \Va «(LI,06pOCTa1I.HbJH») «OTHHMaeT y J.teMOHOB 60raT-
CTBa H npHBH.!lerHH, H306H..1H€ H CT3.l1.3, on:, B U.apCTBOBaHHe KOTO-
poro nHlU.a H nHTbe 6bIJIH HeHCTOlll.HMbl, JIIO.LI.H He YMHpa..'1H, B01I. bI H
paCTeHHH He BbICbIxa..1H, 3a Bce BpeMH uapCTBOBaHHH i\OTOpOro He
6bI.!l0 HH xo.!lO.LI.a, HH 60JIbWOH >KapbI. HH CTapOCTH, HH CMepTH, HH
3aBHCTH, nopO>K.LI.eHHOH .LI.eMoH3MH». TaKHM 06pa30M. Uapb. onpe.LI. e -
JiHeMbIH K3K ParatjTIla -.LI.O u.ap5J BOHHCTBeHHoro H UapH H306HJIb-
Horo,- npe,TJ,CTaB.:1HeT HlIOH Tun, UapH->KpeUa H..'1H U3pH-4ap0.LI.e:R H:
IIapaM,a' (co CKH<pCKHM Cy<p<p"KCOM MHO>K. 'Q. -tai?). B03MO>K.
HO, H Y CKH<pOB 03HaQa..'1 TOT >KC THn U.apH. KOTOpbIH OHH H B ca-
MOM .LI. eJIe , nO-BHJJ.HMOMY. COXpaHHJlH 48.
2. Pa3Hbie npH311aKH YKa3bIBalOT Ha TO. 1:1TO LI,Ba 60ra-6JIH3He-
lLa, KOTopbIe nOKpOBHTeJIbCTBOBaJ1H TpeTbeH CPYHKUHH Y HH.D,OHpaH-
ueB, ,LJ,ci-kTBY:R o'-ieHb LI,PY1KlIO. 3aHHMa.!lHCb, BepOHTHO, O.LI.H H JIO-
WaLI,bMH, LI,pyroH 6bIK3MH: TaKoB B HH.LI.HH CTaTYC 3nH1:1eCKHX 6.!lH3-
HeUOB HaKy.:'IbI H CaXa1J.eBbI, KOTopble npe1I.CTaBJIHIOT BOnJIOlU.eHHH
60rOB _ CBOHX OTUOB -49 HacaTbeB H..1H AlllBHHOB, TaKOBbI me B ABC-
44 51 CHOBa IJ.HTHPYIO CTaTblO, ynoflUmyT)'1O BbUlIe, npHMeq. 26 (IIJ, 5, 1962,
c 187-202).
45 A Christensen, op. cit., c. 136-137.
46 Yast 19, 27-33, cpo 6C3 BToporo napS!, Yast 5, 21-27 H 3-11
41 DepCOHaJK lieCKOJILKO ocnOJKHI1JJCH, npeTepncB 3BOJIIOIJ,lUO, Jl,OKa3aTe.'lbCTBa
KOTOpOH npHBO).lI1T A. KpHCTeHceH.
48 03M, c. 132. 3TO YMaJIHeT BTOPYIO MblCJ1b ECHBeHHCT8 (CM. BbJllie c. 138).
JbBE'CTlIO, '--LTO Ha 513blK{,- BCiJ, pur6hita, npHMoi'l 3KBHBa;ICHT paradata, 03H311aeT
(Jnpl'JI,C'1eHHOC JIHlLO, HCCym:CC nepB)'1O tPymmlUo: 370 npHJI"BOpHblii }Kpeu QapH.
49 S \\llkandcr, «PanBavaagan och Mahabharatas mistika fOrut-sattnin-
gau-Rehgion och Bibel, 6, 1947, c. 27 -39 nepeBe).leHO B MoeM JMQ, IV,
1948, c. 38-53 (co 48 0 Jl,BYX 6J1H3HClJ,aX; Cpo c. 59); «Nakula et Sahadeva::t,
Orientalta Suecana, 6, 1957, c. 66-96 (co 79-84 - 0 ,llH4JtPepeHLlHaQHH 6.1H3He+
uoa no OTHOruCHIUO K JIOlllajJ,HM H 6b1KaM) Cpo M3, F, c 73--89.
147

CTe H ,1Ba nepcoHa>Ka.6."H3HCl1a - GaUS Uruan Ii Druiispa «<.lJ.y.
ll1a 6bIKa» H «(60fm-m) CO 3.L1..0pOBbIMIi JIOWa.n..bMH»L KOTOpbIM BMe-
CTe nOCBHll.leH HUH, H33bIBaeMbIH no. Tpa.n.Hl1.HH Gas Yast H Drvsp
Yat S0. 3HaIlHT. ec..'lH cepHH H3 tleTblpex 33HHMaJ0I1.lHX Hac HMeli
)J.OJl>KHa pacnpe)J.c."HTbCH CO?6pa31i0 TpeM q,YHKI1IiHM, TO 3apaHee
npaBJ\ono)J.06110, 'lTO napa ,Enl, npOIICXO)J.HIllHX OT ApnOKcaHca,
KOTopbIe, HMeHHO nOTOMY, qTO HX AB3. HaTOJIKHy.rIH EeHBeHHCTa Ha
ero onpeLl,e.rleHHoe YM03aK.rnOQeHHe 51 H M3 KOTOpblX OAHO J1BHO CO-
)J.ep>KHT B ce6e HaBaHHe KOHH (*aspa)52, qTO 3Ta napa Tenl OT-
HOCHTCH K «TpeTbeH cpYHKnHH», OJI,HO gene - K pa3BeJI..eHHIO KOHeH,
)J.pyroe - 6bIKOB. 51 .6bl HCTOJlKOBaJl TpacnHeB H KaTHapOB KaK
)J.Ba 3nHTeTa: nepBblH - OT *Drvasp(i)ya- «TOT, KTO MMeer Ta-
6yaMII CHJlbllblX, :')J.OpOBbIX JlOwa)J.eH» H BTOpOH (KOTOpbIH OJlIi-
:H GHT3JI Cohen) K3K CJIO>KHOe cnoBD, 06pa30BaHHoe aT
cahra - «nacTb6a».
B nepBoM cnOBe npeBp3ll.leHHe B t HaqaJIbHOrO COfJIaCHOro B
rpynne *drua. (cp. aBeCT. drva-, )J.p.-nepc. duruva., lip. *druua-),
B03MD.}f{HO. OUbHCI-IHeTCH BJ1HHHHeM CJIe.n..YIOll.lHX 33 HHM fJIYXHX
3BYKOB; qTO >Ke KacaeTCH 3aKOHOMepHOH MeTaTe3bl dr> rd (KaK
thr>rt, br<rv H T. )J..), xapaKTepHOH )J.JlH CKHq,CKHX rOBopOB, TO
OHa lm60 C13Jla HM npHcYI.l.l3 n03.L1..Hee repO.LI..OTOBCKHX BpcMeH 53 .
JIH60 B .ll.aHHOM CJIYllae He COCTOHJIaCb H3-3a CJIO>KHOCTH COlleTaHHH.
COCTaBHoe CJIGBO MO:H\HO 6bIJIO 6b1 cpaBHHTb C aBecTHikKHM TeOHH-
MOM !?rvaspa (cp. drva. lSu «co 3)J.OpOBbIM CKOTOM»), B KOTOpOM
BTOpOH CJIor 6bIJI 6b1 He aspa, a aspya, paBH03HaIIHblH BeJI,_ asvya
(nOqTH Bcer)J.a asia H3 Tpex CJlOroB) B CMblCJle «60raTcTBo B JlO-
waJ\Hx, Ta6y"ax Jlowa)J.<;ih> (HanpHMep, PHrBe)J.a, 8, 21, 72, 9), 'no
03HaqJIO 6b1 «HMelOll.lHH 60raTCTBO B T36YHax 3.L1..0pOBbIX JIO-
lllaAeH».
Bo BTOpOM CJlOBe *cahra (cp. aBeCT. canra-irhak onpe;(eJleHHe
AOMaWHHX >KHBOTHbIX «nacYll.lHHcH» MO>KeT 6b1Tb HaHcaHo rpeqe-
CKHMH 6YKBaMH -'tt2(JO 54: <1>acMep H A6aeB 55 C06paJIH UeCKOJIbKO
CJlyqaeB, Kor)J.a B Ha)J.nHcHx, HaH.rr.eHHblx B CeBepHOM OpH'JepHO-
50 «Vlsnu et les Marut a travers la reforrne zomastrienne»,-- JA 242,
1953, c. 4.
5-1 CM. c. 138.
52 EeHoeHHcT, ll.HT. CT., c. 536: «B TP&:OT.lEi;, KOTopoe B mo60M c.1Y'lae co.
,lI.,ep>l<HT B ce6e 1133BaHHe KOHfI (aspa)...»
53 B naHTIIRanee TaK:Ke Mbi HMeeM HMH Bpo:.:'rx.oo; KOTopoe Jl"OJUKHO 6b1Th
OCHOBblHdCTCfl Ha *brata-«6pau (CTaBweM *vrata),  OCeTHHCOM eCTb CJlQB
rv3d. TaK me II nfl Jl"pynl': MeTaTe3: y AppHaHa (4, 4. 8) 8MH OJ.lHorO CKUtfJ-
CROro LIapJl - Ea'tp'Z'X.rtt; (*xsaeraka< cp. HapToBcKHH pO.lI. AxCapTarKaTa OT
(A::)xsa'rtceg; aBeCT. xsa.,!3ra). Ho B Tanallce y nac Y>Ke eCTb «Pap....oCaplJoc H
2apb'Yoc , B OJlbBHH - t:.o:p'tafJ-o; II T. JI".; CM.: A6aeo, 05l(f), c. 189.
OTHOCHTeJlbHO COKpaLUellHJI -hr B -r- B CKII4JcKOM R3blKe cp oc £erz-
«TblCHlla» (J:IO B TaHaHce Aapw",,? A6aen, C. 186) OT *rerzre: p. '.hazahra.
aBeCT. hazanra.
.. 5S A(iaeD, q5I<1>, C 161, CCb/JI3HCb H3 cI>acMcpa (Untersuchungen fiber die
altestcn Wohnsltze der Slaven, I: die Iranier in Sfidrussland, 1923.) B 7 aHC-
KPHIl(l'!}/X J.lpeBHenepCHnCl';'IX C.JIOB no-rpe'leCKH: TdO'T.:T)t;- Jl"nJl Cispi. 'l'pt't7'Y'taf X fJ.1j'
Jl"JlfI Clthr8utachma. Chr B-utholomae, Altiran. Wb., cot 580.
148
Mopbe, C 6blJlO rpaq,H'JeCKH nepe)J.aHO qee3 th -, TaKlfM 0.!'a30M,
B TaHaHCC 8u:t,apo, HanOMHHaeT OC. cagar (neX.1., nepc. cakar 
«pa6». 41'0 KacaeTCH nepBoro 3JIeMeHHI - K 3 jo, TO 31'0 MO>KeT
6b1Tb «)J.ByporaH CKOTHlfa» *gall (no-OceT.: l\HL gog Hpon. qllg-
«KopOBa:» 01' *gau-ka): 3BOHKHH COrJl3CBbIH, BH,il,HMO, 6bIJi npHfJIY-
WeB noD. BJIHHHHeM CJIeLI,YIOll.lero 38 C, t, a LI,HcpTOHr, .LI..Ol!>KHO 6blTb
nepewe_1 B 0 (o? o?), KaK B r"",axoc (TaHaHC) ()J.Hrop. gosreg)
HpOH. qllsreg  «CJlywaTeJlb», OT *gaus «C.%IWaTb») H (foprHn-
nHH) rOP1ooca (OT *gllru-gallsa?)56 HJlH B a, KaK B )J.y6."eTaX
Eaupop.a.'tat = Eapp.a-.:al (KOHeqHO. OT *syaw3, «QepHbIH:») 57, no
TOr.LI..a Ha,lJ.O HCXOJI.HTb H3 npOH3BO.LI..HOrO *gau-cahr.ya - «HMeIO-
ll.lHH nacT6Hll.la .LI..JIH KpynHoro por8Toro CKOTa», H .LI..OnYCTHTb, ({TO
B rpet.JeCKOH TpaHCKpHnllHH BTopaH HOTa B Ka-, !{ucw:pw( 58 6bl-
JIa BCCHMHJIHpOBBHa H HCtle3JIa nOJI. BJIHHHHeM nepBOH. MO>KHO
TaK>Ke 6blJlO 6bI npe)J.nOJlO>KIITb )J.peBHee *hu-cahra- «HMelOlllIlH
xOpOWHe nacT6Hll1a», nOCKOJIbKY B TaHaHCe tlHTaeM HMH
XO'j'apvoc C BapHaHTOM ( oWH60'JHblM?), KO!j>al"o" KOTopoe
He MO>KeT 03HBQaTb nOllTH HHqerO .npyroro, KpOMe *hu-fBrna 5\1,
no npOTHBonOCTaBJIeHHe «.KOPOBbI- JIOwaD-H», nOJI,TBep>KABlOw ee
)J.BOHCTBeHHOCTb npe)J.CTaBJleHHH 0 TpeTbeH q,YHKL\HH B 06111eCTBe
CKOTOBOAOB, npHBO.ll.HT K npH3HBHHIO HX ABYX H33BaHHH - *Bspa
H *gau B HX )J.BYX HMeHax - TpaomEC II Ka;ia.poi -Cotieri.
3. liMH Aux,ha" Ha )J.O."IO KOToporo OCTaeTCH BoeHllaH q,YHK-
UHH, MOrJlO 6b1 C Cyq,q,HKCOM MHO>K. 'JHCJla -tai )J.aTb 3KBHB8J1eHT
aBeCT. (faT.) aogah-, BapHaHT (KaK aogar- He faT.) aoJah-
«cpH3HtleCKaH CHJIa». BOHHOB, TaKHM 06paaOM, MorJIH Ha3bIBaTb
«CHnaMH», no.n06HO TOMY KBK HHJI.HikKHe TeopeTHKH 3nOXH KaCT
HHOfA3 HB3bIBaJIH .LI..Be nepBbIe KaCTbI 6paXMaHOB H BOHHOB BMe-
CTe «)J.Be CHJlbI» - IIbhe virye. A MO>KeT 6bITb, rpeqeCKOe CJlOBO-
3TO CKOMKaHHaH cpopMa KaKOrO-JIH60 npHJIaraTeJIbHOrO, npoHc-
we)J.wero OT *augah- «CIIJlbHble»? Bo BCHKOM cJlyqae, B )J.pyrux
CBOHX pa60Tax H ynopHo lIaCTaHBaJl Ha TOM, qTO Y HH)J.OHpaHL\eB
3TO CJlOBO CTporo npHHaJ\Jle>KHT K CJlOBaplO. OTHOCHllleMycH KO
BTOpOH q,y"KL\HH  K BoeHllbIM tio.
I1MeHa Tpex cbIHoBeH TaprHTaH TaK}Ke He HMelOT HBHOH 3TH-
56 A6aeB, UHT. COil. c. 166-167.
51 TaM JKe, c. 183-184.
58 Bo BpeMeHa repO,ll.,OTa CKHcKoe ry e1ll.e He 61:lJlO B CTa,ll.,HH nepexOlJ.a B I:
i:....!ipEE' (Bap. hr1ptE') TpaHcKpH6HpyeTcH KaK .a-narya- «JI,BynonblA» (DC. nrel-
«caMeu,»): A6aeB, ll.HT. COil.. C. 214.
59 A6aeB, QHT. COil, c. 168; cpo " TaHaHce T3K>Ke XO!J.WOt; .humaiwa «xopo-
llI('H pa6oTblJIo, (oc. merme). XO(}Wt; (*hu-daina - «HMeIOLUHH XOPOlllYIO -», cpo
3BeCT. daena - peJlHrHH»).
6C «Augur», LllOMe3HJtb, JR, c. 79-102. B 51wTe 10, 140 - OTMeTHTL nl!'
Kp3cHoe COQeT311He CJlOB (.npHMeHIITenbHo K MHTpe): aojanh3m taxmam rathaes-
t"}m: nOCJleJ.luee CJlOBO'- 3TO TepMHH, 03HaQalO1ll.HH HOJiHa B npoTHBoBec >KpellY
H 3CMJlCiJ,eJlblly-cKOTOBO..1.Y; taxma - «repollllecKHH», nocToflHHblH .:mHTeT u,apH py
nH, B OTJlH'me OT «HTOpOH tfJYHKIJ,HH» (51l1JT 19, 28, eM. Bbll1Ie, CM. 189); aOJaI,
npHMeHHeMoe 3nCCh KaK npHJlaraTeJlMIOe, Bblpa>KaeT OCHOBHoe tPH3U'leCKOe ceo"
CTBO lleJlOBeKa «BTOpOH tfJYIIKU,HH:'.
149

MOJIOrHH. OpaBJ1B, BO BTOpOM CJIOre, 06weM .n..JIH BCeX, -al(; -
eAHIIOrJlaCIiO npH3HaeTC!! CKH<j>CKoe npOH3BOAlioe OT KOp!!>1
*xsay-, 03H3\lalOwero O.AHOBpeMeHHO H «6JIeCTeTb» H «BJIaCTBO-
BaTb», HO nepBbIe fIaCTH Tpex HMeH 03an.allHBaIOT: BO>K.n..HMH qero
.HBnHIOTCH COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3TH TpH nepCOHaJKa? Kola- B HMeHH
!.lap!! H OT!.la napaJlaTOB 6b1J10 06"!!clleIl0 (BpaHAeIlI1lTefm) call-
CKpHTCKHM kula - «nOTOMCTBO», KOTopoe C6JIH>K8IOT co CJIaBHH-
CKHMH CJ10BaMH, 03H311alOWHMH nOHHTHH Toro 1Ke pHAa 61. KOJIaK-
caHC Mor 6bITb rJlaBoii lIeKoero 06IlleCTBelilioro Kopnyca, onpeAe-
J1HeMOru KaK e.n..HHoe ueJIoe, COCTOHwee H3 pOACTBeHHblX JIHU. Ta-
KHM 06pa30M, JIyqllle Bcero MO>KHO 6bIJIO 6bI 06'b:RCHHTb TO, qTO
roBOpHT AaJlee repOAOT: nOMallHble 1(0JlaKCaHCa, AOJl>KHO 6b1Tb,
6b1J1H lIa3BaHbl nocJle lIero Ex.),o"o, (-"0', KaK II B ApyrHx Me-
CTax .0'" - Cy<p<j>HKC. MIIO>K. 'IHCJla), T. e. C,10>KHbIM CJlOBOM (110
1:1TO 03I1aQaeT B HeM s-?) *s-kolo-.
'Apoco- HaBOLI,IIT Ha MbICJIb 0 caHcKpHTCKOM arbha - «MaJIeHb-
KHH, >Ka.11KIIH» or KOpHH, H3 KOToporo repMaHcKHe H3blKH npoH3Be-
JlH lIa3BaliHe T!!>KenOro TpYAa (lIeM. Arbei!. c-r.-CKaIiA. erfidi) H.
MO>KeT 6blTb, 06pa3Hoe lIa3Balll!e 6blKa (Ap.-cKali. arrr), a cJla-
B!!IICKHe !!3b1KI! - TepMHllbi TpYAa (Pyc. «pa60Ta» H «pa6»). Ap-
nOKcaHC Mor 6blTb r.,'1aBoH «PYHKUHH TP YlI,a , B qaCTHOCTH CeJIbCKO-
X03HikTBeHHoro
HMeeT JIH OTHOllleHHe K BoeHHOH <PYHKUHH Amo- (HeRcHo:
BapHaHT Nt'to-)? He HanpalliHBaeTcH HHKaKOH .3THMOJIOrHM, eCJIH
TOJIbKO He npejI,IIOJIO>KHTb, qTO TYT CTR>KeHHe, KOTopoe H3 oceT.
lreg - «MY>K'Il!lIa» npOH3BeJlO lreppu, lreppo - (HpOIl.) «10110.
lliB», npOH30lliJIO B ll.peBHOCTH H 1:1TO 3TO CJIOBO HeKOr1I.a 03Ha1:1a-
JIO MOJIo.n..oro lIe.'IOBeKa - LJ:JIeHa CBoero po.n..a «Mannerbund», KaK
IfH.n..OHpaHCKoe marya. JIHnoKcaHC Mor 6bITb BO>K.n.eM lllepeHrH
Arica pubes 62.
K npeAblAYIlleii np06JleMe npI!6aB."!!eTC!! eIlle OAHa - H O'lellb
Ba>Klla!!: B KaKoii Mepe TpH<j>Y"K!.lHOllaJlbHa!! CTpYKTypa, 6e3YC-
J10BHO H.'1JIIOCTpHpyeMaH CHMBOJIHLJ:eCKHMH npe.n..MeTaMH H, B03\10>K-
HO, Bblpa>KBeMaH .n..BYMH cepHHMH c06cTBeHHblx HMeH B JIereHlI,e 0
npOHCXO>KAeIlHI!, pea."bIiO cYIllecTBoBaJla B 06mecTBe? BeAb OAIIO
Ae." 0 - pa3"!!CII!!Tb Ba>KIIOCTb Tpex <j>YIIK!.lHii H Aa>Ke co06pa3110
C HHMH HM€HOBaTb HX npe1I.CTaBIUeJIefr, H lI,Pyroe .n..eJIo - crpyn-
61 C6J1H>KeHHe C caHcKp. kula HaXO.ll..HM Y>Ke y W. Brandenstein B «Die Abs-
lammungssagen der Skylhen.,- WZKM, 52, 1953-1955, c. 197-199. AHTop
CTaTbH (c 183---211) He 3HaKOM C pa60TaMH EeHBCHHCTa H MOUMU (HO OT1JaCTH
npuxollHT K TCM }KC HTOr<iM, liTO Ii fI,-C. 184-185); cro npenJlmKeHHH He HallJ:IH
OTKJIHKa CTaTbfl H Kothe «Psl'udoskythcn... (<<Rlio» 48, 1967, 61-79) Ha-
'ntHaCTCSI c pe3KoH KpHTH¥ Te'mca EpaHJ.lCHlllTcHHa. HO aBTop BCKope YBSI-
33eT B 3THM0J10nl'.eCKHX r Te33X; Ha c. 66 OH npHBOnHT HenOnKpenJleHHbdi no
BOn 83 ymnpe6J1eHHH TepMhH3 'JE'YOo; reponOTOM: B '1ereHne enOJIHe MO>KeT rOBO-
pHTbCSl, 'ITO «)I{peUbl nprmCXO.lI.HT OT X, CHJ1bHblC-OT Y, 3 nacTyxH 6blf\OB H J10-
IIJaneD - OT Z», name eClm I-Ia caMON neJle T3Koe npOHCXO}KneHHe H M3.'WJ.lO-
nYCTHMO.
(;2 JIpynw TO:iKOB3HHtI CM: A6aCB. H3COfl, II 1973 lreppureppo, c. 30-31;
la-.qWd'lI (.lI. Hr .), c. 31-32.
150
nHpOBaTb 3THX npe.n..CTaBHTellefl E pea.!lbHbIC COC.!lOBHH, 60JIee HJIH
M£'Hee nOCTOflHHbIe 60J1ee HJiH MeHee pa3rpaHHLJ:eHHbIe. He noxo-
>Ke GT06bI HHLI,OHpaHUbI HJIH .n..aw;e .n..peBHeHlliHe HH,lI.HHUbI npo.n. e -
JIa.H 3TOT nepexo.n.. OT TeopHH HJI,eaJIbHOrO TpOHqHOrO o6wecTB8 K
ero npaKTHKe, nepexo.n., KOTOpbIH n03.n..Hee, 1l.0JI}f(HO 6b1Tb, npHBeJI
B MIIAHH K 06pa30BaHHIO apHiicKHX Bapll. A cB060Alibie JlIOAH B
CKII<j>CKHX 06mecTBax? JJeJlHJlHCb JIll II OHI! lIa TaKHe <j>YHK!.lHO-
HaJIbHbIe COClIOBHH, 6YLI,b TO no,ll, H33B3HHHMH aBxaTOB H npOqHX
HlIH HHbIMH?
He AYMalO. 5C3YC."OBII0, ;\""!! KaKIlX-TO pe."HrH03HbIX HaA06-
BocTeH cywecTBoBalIH cBHweHHOCJIY>KHTeJIH, BCHKoro pO.n..B npell-
CKa3aTeJIH TAna >KeHonoLI,06HbIX 3HapeeB, KOTopbIe B TO >Ke BpeMH
6bIJIH «uapHMH», HO 3TH «cneUl1aJIHCTbI» He COCTaBJ1HJIH >Kpeqec-
KHi\ Kopnyc, cpaBIIHMblii C 6paXMallaMH HJlH APYHAaMH. EIlle Me-
Hee BepOfiTHO, tn06bI «BOHHbI» H B HHblX MeC!aX naCTyxH HJIH
3eMJIe,lI.e..'lbUbI COCTaBJ1HlIH rpynnbI 3HaTHbIx J11On.eM.
11 TYT rpaliTOBCKHii TaK>Ke C'IeJl, 'ITO 06I1apY>KHJI B KJlaCCH'Ie-
cKoil aHTHGHOH JIIfTepaType npHMoe TOMY CBHAeTeJ1bCTBO. no ero
MHeHHIO 0 1:1eTKOM .n..elICHHH CKflcpOB Ha TPH COCJIOBHH, HeCYlllHX
Tpl1 HH;{oeBponei'lcKH€ cpYHKUHH, rOBopHTCH B TeKCT€, nOHBHBmeM-
CH nHTblO BeKaMH n03LI,Hee rep01l.0Ta.
T .rIYKHaHa, nHilieT rpaHTOBCKHH. HMeeTCH HCHoe CBHlI,e-
TeJIbCTBO 0 .n..eJIeHHH CKHcpOB Ha TPH COUHaJ1bHbIe rpynnbl, XO-
pOlliO OC03HaBaBllieMCH caMHMH CKHcpaMH H rpeK3MH,
nocemaBWHMH CKH<j>IIIO. Pa3pa6aTblBa!! CKH<j>CKYIO TeMY B lIe-
CKOJ1bKHX HOBeJIllaX, JIYKHaH OCHOBbIBaJICH Ha .n..3HHbIX opHrM-
lialbHofI Tpa.il.HUHH, nO-BHltHMOMY 3JIJ1HHHCTH'1eCKOrO npOHC-
XU>KLI,eHHH, XOpOIllO 3HaKoMoH C n?.n..JIHHHbIMH qepTaMH CKH-
CKOro 6bITa II Hap01\lIblX npeAa IIHH. Oco6a!! pOJlb B :')THX 110-
Be.",laX OTBeAella .1erellAaplloMY CKH<j>y TOKcapllcy. B HOBeJl-
lIe ExoD"fj;  npoevo<;, I, rOBopHTCH, '1TO !oKcapH,c npoHc.
XO.n.HlI He H3 «uapCKoro pOLI,a» ('tOO acnAEtOU ISVOO(;) H
He H3 «HOCHWHX CBHll.J.eHHYIO 1113nKY» ('tW'oI 1ttJO'f()PlXW'Y), HO
H3 «CKH<j>OB npOCTblX II [npHllaJl"1e>KaIllHX] K lIapOAY"
(ExoDor' lOV 'i'mA/,w..... xal _ 8'"fjp.0'ttxffiv), KOTopbIe Ha3bIBalOTCH y
HHX BOCbMHHorHMH (tJl ux'tci'm,()s(;), T. e. BJIa.n.ellbuaMH jI,BYX
6b1KOB H nOB03KH 63.
I. TaKHM 06pa30M, 3AeCb 'IeTKO n!,OTHBon<;>CTaBJI!!IOTC!! TPH
rpynnbI CKHcpCKUfO HaCeJIeHHH: o:atAStO IS'olO, KaK 'y>Ke
rOBOpHJIOCb, TaK 0603Ha1:1al1HCb pOl-tbI CKHcpCKHX B.?1K)J.eH H
HoeHlIoii apHCTOKpaniH. B Toii >Ke 1I0BeJlJle (Skythes, 7) :'ITa
rpynna CKHcpCKOfI 3HaTH yno.n..o6JIHeTCH rpellecKuM 3Bn3TpH-
63 BOT TeKCT: 00 ':0:; 1a:;lh!{;u -p: I!m:;; w"'. ou_? '!:ti:.",. i:,Dff'pt'JI.u)'1. aAa 'JI.o(!iu'Y
'tw'>' 7r:.r:;A},()" 'JI.al 0ljP.O'tI'Xo'-;)'I, 0';0' E!Cn ;:ap' aU':(io; at O'JI.':[1:r0tJE:;; [ap. o'Xo'tr')7toe:'1
ArJUf-le:VQ, '::DU'tO o'EG't;', uo Cir;)'1 ?E:J(j'tl'j'l EIY1'. 'JI.Gt ap.'lYI'; p.tao;. CXOJlHaCTE:.I
HH'I€rO HC nJBOpHJ11-1 no 110Hony ::tTHX Bblpa}KCIIHH, paello KaK H COBpeMCHHble Ton-
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B npHHI(Hne, BCTpeqaeT HeKOTOpble 3aTpy I\HeHH!!. L"aBHOe H3 HHX
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caMO C060H pa3YMelOllleeC!!, HaHMeHOBaHHe JKpeuoB. Ha caMOM
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'"'O, H "'AO'fOp."'. Koma KpHHaropac B 3nHrpaMMe H3
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CTpaHe, fl\e «BOl\a ApaKca nbeTC!! apM!!HaMH B Ol\eJKl\e (HJlH B ro-
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""feHHJICfl H npHMeHHeTCH 65.
HH B KaKOM .n..pyroM TeKCTe He rOBopHTCH, 1..J:TO BoeHHaH HJIH
HH:IH apHCTOKpaTHH Ha3bIBaJIaCb Y CKHcpOB «HOCHTeJIHMH BOHJiOKa»,
no Mbi JIeikTBHTeJIbHO no.n..pa3YMeBaeM, 111'0 TYT H.n..eT pe1..J:b HMeHHO
o CBoero p0JI,a apHCTOKpaTHH: ox'ta'lt08E1 KOTOpbIX, K TO MY >Ke
HHtJl'O B 1'eKCTe He n03BOJIHeT TOJIKOBaTb KaK MOCHTeJIeH «TpeTbeH
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{:HI-IOH», OHH Ha caMOM .n..e.f!e He npOCTO «Macca H nJIe6c», a 6eA-
 HaMCK Ha CHa331-IHOe aBTopOM paHee (c. 8), QHT. BbiliJe, c. 143.
 TOJibKO Y repO,ll.,OTa: 3, 12 (BOAno'lHble THapbl nepcoD) H 7, 61 <BO.10'lHble
manKH nepc0l! B Be.1HKOM BocKe KcepKca); 4, 23 <clJeTpoBblc >KHnHllla 3rpHnneH.
lteB) , 73 (BoIUI01JHble TK3HH, nOJI01f<CHHble Ha liIeCTbI BO BpeMH CKHclJCKHX noxo-
pOM) , 75 (<<caYHa:. Y CKHOB, 83 BOibIOKa). Cpo B caMoii rpertHH COBeT reCHOJI.a
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'ta oE 'tPl1t>.a. 'ta.u'tct Be. x.a.l O'tE":X Ttpo<; uB xai TC[JO ;(lO'IU xal- ..cpo.;
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MH 6bIK3MH B OTJIHllHe 01' BJIa.n..e.f!bueB nOB030K Ha IlleCTH KO.iJeC31'.
H C lIIeCTblO 6bIKaMH, 110 Y JIYKeaHa OHH ellle 6el\Hee (Bcero lba
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ero BpeMeHH cywecTBOB3J10 60JIbWOe HMywecTBeHHoe HepaBeH.cT-
B067 TaKHM 06pa30M, npHxo.n..HTCH npH3HaTb, TO, "it:ACitptjPlXOt-
Ha3BaHHe 'llaCTH HaCeJIeHHH. cToHBllleH BblWf (}X'ta.'I't"JO£C;j TO eCTb
apHCTO.KpaTHH 6.8, a He rpynna JIJOLI,eH 33HHTaH >KpelieCKHMH 06H-
33HHOCTHMH.
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cOCe.II.CTBY co CKHcpaMH, .n..aKaM. 1!tAoc.p6r;; CJIymHJIO rpeqeCKI1i'1i
aBTopaM I\JI!! 0603HaqeHH!! BoeHeoH apHcTOKpaTHH: J],HOH KaccHH.
68, 8 H 9, paccKa3blBaeT, qTO BO BpeM!! nepBoro noxol\a Tpa"Ha
E6 nEp a.Epo.l''V uM'tw'j 't'J1'.:(I)"", ed. G, Gunderman, 1911, chap. 18.
(,7 HanpliMep, TOKcapHC, rJI. 45, 48 (.-::hT,'ta.. T.E"E'ta.{);).
66 TSK nOHHMaeT H M. M. POCTOBUCB. YK.a3, CO'l., c. 107 (no nOBo.J.Y CKII$OA
JIYKliaHa): «KaK Y>Ke CKa3aliO, rocY,ll.,apCTBeHl{blH CTpOH Y lIHX JI.eMot<paTH'IecKJ.ul;
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 "MeeT JI.PY>KHHY. Ka1KJI.blH apliCTOKpaT B OT..'le.'JbHOCTH - KOHllbJX >:1 ncn1Hx
BOHHOB):' (TOKcapIlC, rJl. 48,54). AHpH 3cneH .-::(),oq:f){)-;. npeBojJ,HT It!.O<r(Jpt''(f),
nYKHaHa «qui sunt apud Scythas secundae a rege dlgmtahs» ,A BCJleA 3a HHM
DHeppo JI.'A6J1aHKYP mlwe'[ B CBoeM $paIlUY3cKOM nepCBO,,1,e (1655): «On He ro,
1JTO APy:ro H3 uapCKoro pOJl.a, H lie 113 Tex, 'ITO HOCHT lIJ311KIi, Kon Melli HHMI-i
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o.rnO,J.aH CHMM€TpmO, ynoTpe6JIsui 3TH CJIOBa B pO.n..HT€llbHOM na1I.e-
>KC MIlO1KeCTBCHHoro IlHCJIa, faK qTO C03.ll.aeTCH BneI,jaTleHHe. GTO
noc."e <Icr,i.." ilBa ilPymx TepMI1Ha npOTI1BOCTO>!T i!pyr i\pyry
K3K «3U3THble» H «He3HaTllbI€» (a TaK>Ke KaK «60raTbIe» H «6e.n..--
HbIC») _ 3TH J1Ba ;,e.TeHH>!, 6e3YCJlOBHO, 6."H3KI1 K TeM (fpaHTOB-
CKHH, c. 17), KOTOpble KBHHT KYPuHH OTMe'laeT y CKHq,OB A6HH,
na3bIBaH HX principes H humiliores 69.
HaKOHeu, 6blJlO 6bl HenpaBilonOil06HO BHileTb B <Icr,i,.,; BpeMeH
JIYKHaHa HJlH J1ame BpeMen fep0J10Ta BblilalOlllHXC>! npeilCTaBHTe-
..lei-1 BoeHHOH cpYHKLlHH. B COGHHeHHHX JIYKHaHa peqb H.n..eT 0 BOH-
He: BaCHJIeBcaM npH 3TOM He npHHaLl,lle>KHT HH HHHUHaTHBa. HM KO-
MaHJ10BaHI1C 70 C J1pyroH CTOpOHbl, OJ1HH H3 aBTOpOB (HHKOMaXOBa
3THKa, 7, 6; 1150 B., 14), HHq,OpMHPYlOlllHX Hac 0 CKHq,CKHX «ilBY-
nOJ1bIx» 3HapeHX 71, npe.n..CTaBlIHBWHX c060i1 pa3HOBHJI,HOCTb npe).!;-
CKa3aTeJleH.BopomeeB (fepOilOT, IV, 67), 6YKBaJlbHO OTomileCTB-
.'1HCT HX C U.apHMH H JI,ame ynoTp€6'1HeT O'-leHb 06ll.lee BbIpaJK€HHe.
nOGTH He onpeLl,€JIHIOLUee 3TH X uapei1 no IJaCTH HX cyry60 BoeMHoH
JI,eHTeJIbHOCTH: no EV -:Olt;; Exu&lOv fSct::ni.EuO'tV 1j p.XI),axta ha ":0 1e'ilClc;, xC£
w't ":0 D'ill.", 7.pOC; "tr) a 'P[i f E\I atEa':'lE'iI.
B U€JIOM, BHiI,HMO, MO>KHO 3aKJII01:1HTb, 1:11'0 B CKHcpHH, He CqH-
TaH BopO>K6bI, p€llHrH03Hble aKTbI OTnpaBJIHJIHCb rJ1aBHblMH JIHl1.a-
MH  HaGHHaH c uapei1 H KOH1:1aH rJIaBaMH ceMeHCTB. H HeJIh3H
BblHBHTb HHKaKoro npH3HaKa KopnopaTHBHoro CYll.leCTBOBaHH:R >Kpe-
69 7, 6, 11: Justissimos barbororum constabat: armis abstil1ebant, nisI 1aces.
sitL Libertatis modico ct aequa1i usu principibus humiliores pares fecerant. 3aTo
B03MO>KHO, "TO CKHclJbr YEwplCi! II fT.ot0T'0poi. KOTOpblX flOJIH8H npoTHB0I10CTBBJIfieT
60tUtBM B aHeKJl..OTH..eclwH HCTOpHH, Stratag., 7, 44-"TO 3TH CKHclJhI-pa6b1;
hastae - "laCTb HX H306paJKeHHfI B BapHaHTe ct>poHT3Ha, Stratag., 2, 4, 20, He )laeT
Jl..OKa3aTeJ1bCTBa roro, <]TO OHH 6b1J1H HOpMaJ1bHO BOOpYJKCHbl.
70 B "laCTHOCTH, DO BceR HCTOpHH ApcaKOMa H em JJ.B}'X JJ.pY3eH, TOKcapHC,
r n 45-55.
.1 CM 03M c. 132 (rJ1 XIII d>0J1e3Hb 3HapecB;!;> B HaCT. H3JJ.. onymeHfl.-
flPUMCl:1. ep.). '
154
UOB B 6YKBaJIbHOM CMbICJIe CJIOBa 72. B 3TOM CKHcpbI 6blJ1H CXO.n..HbI
C HH.ll..OeBpOneHUaMH BOCTOKa H CeBepa EBponbl: H3BeCTHO, GTO B
T£JKOM n0J10meHHH 6bIJIH CJ1aBHHCKHe HapOlI,b! 73 Ll,0 HX XpHCTHaHH-
3aUHH H 111'0 Y repMaHueB TO>Ke He CYll.leCTBOBa'10 >Kpe'-leCKOrO CO-
CJlOBH>!; B HepapXI1H RigsjJula MeCTO r,laBHoro Mara, ero 3HaKH
OTJ1HIIMH H B.;JaCTb, nOLl,06HO OLl,HHHY B MHq,o.,"IorHH, nOJIY l 13CT 1\0-
pOJIb 74
B ueJlOM 06111ecTBeHHblll CTpOH CI<Hq,OB 6bW, BCpOH"fIIO, cKOpee
;J.BYXCOCJIOBHbIM. He>KellH TpHq,YHKUHOHaJIbHbIM; B HeM pa3..'1H1Ia
JlHCb apI1CTOKpaTH>! H cBoe06pa3HblH nJle6c. 11 TC 11 J1pyrH: yqaCT-
BOBallH B BoeHHbIX HacTynaTellbHbIX H 060pOHHTellbHbIX LI.eHCTBHHX,
HrpaBlllHX CTOJIb Ba>KHYIO pO1b B >KH3HH Beex CTenHbIX Hap01I. OB --
oceJ.t'1b1X H KOII€BbIX, H npaB. Ll,Oll>KHO 6bITb, A6aeB 75, Kor.n..a rOBO-
pHT, GTO Mem!J.Y CB06011HbIMH JIIO.D.bMH He 6bIJIO Ll,pyroro JI,eJIeHHfI,
KpOMe K3K Ha reldar - «BoeHHbIX BO>KD,eH», «3HaTb» (cpe.n..H KOTO-
PO" peJIHrH03Hble «UapH» COCTaBlIH..i BbI,il,alOll.lYIOCH.., 060c06JIeH'.
I-IYIO IIaCTb, OTrpaHJi1.:leHHYlO 01' BoeHHOH JI,€HTeJIbHOCTH) .6 H H3 Mac-
Cb! I1J1H BOHCKa - refsad (CTapoe HpaHcKoe CJI()BO: aBeCT., ilp.-
nepc. spada, spadha). OJ1HaKO H Te H ilpyrHe, ilO,lmHO 6LITb, paB-
HO YllacTBoBalH B 3KOHOMHGeCKOH mH3HH, BJIa.n.elfH CKOTOM H 3eM-
JIeH npH 60.ilbwei-1 11..1M MeHbwei-1 CTeneHH 60raTCTBa H OnpeLl,elfeH-
72 It n. KaJ1J1HCTOB, CeBepHoe flpHljepHOMOpbe B aHTH..HYtO moxy, 1952, c. 27:
«XpaMoB H oe060" KaCTbI JKpeu.oB CKH4JhI He SHanH. YnOMHHalOTOI TOJlbKO ra).l3-
TenH, Y3HaBaBWHe BO.11O 60roB npH nOMOLUIl oc060" paCKJ1B.lI.KH npyTl£B». M. rpa-
KOB, CKitfJi. KHiB (Ha yKp. H3.). 1947. c. 87 (...). OpHaMeHTbI Ii CneUHaJ1bllble ro-
J10BHble y60pbl B KYJ1bTOBbiX ClleHax, H306paJK€HJJblX CKHclJCKHMII xYJJ.mKHHK3MH
(rpaHToBcKHH. c. 8; CM. HHJKe), eCTeCTBeHHO, ""..ero He rOBopHT OTHOCUTeJ1bHO cy-
mecTBOB3HHfI >Kpe'leCKOrO COCJ10BHfI: 06f13aHHOCTH CJ1}'>KHTeJai KYJ1b'I3 Mor JTnpan-
JUiTL KTO 6b1 TO HIi 6b1.T]Q - Llapb, HOMapx H'1H r.:J3Ba CCMbH; Cpo C clJOpMOH KYJ1b-
Ta y ocenIH B BOEoe BpeMfl: Jl..pyroro CJ1YJKHTeJU1, KpOMe r.13BI>l ceMbH, He cym e -
cnyeT; cp. TaKJKe paCCYJKJl..eIlHH B RHR, 157, 1960, C. 143-
73 L. Niederle, Manuel de I'Antiquite Slave II, 1926, C 146, 160, 161. .
74 Les dieux des Germains, 1959, I, II; «La Rigsl>ula et la structure soclale
indo-europecnnc» - RHR 154, 1958, C. 3, 4, 5.
75 051«1>, I. 1959, c. 63-65, np"Me. 1. Ee3 yeTa, KOHe<JHO, wacajrag - pa60B.
Ha c. 65. npHMCq. I, A6acB TaK)Ke nHmeT: «HeY HHKaKHX npH3HaKoB. '-!To6h1
y oceTHH >KpeqeCTBO, eCJ1H OHO Bo06we cYlLlecTBOBaJ10 KaK o60co6J1eHHafi rpynna.:
HrpaJ10 CKO.'1bKO-tm6YJl..b 3Ha..HTCJlbHYIO pOJ1h B npOUJJ10M. HeT TaK>Ke YKa3amiH
IJa o60Co()JlCHHe BoeHHuro COCJIOBHfI: KaJKJl..blH, cnoco6HlllH HOCHTb 0pY>Kl-le, !SblJ1
BUUHOM».
76 TaK MU>KHO nOHflTb - He B OTHOllleHHH CKI-UPOB, a npHMeHHTe.rlbHO K reTaM -
BH)lHMOe HeCOOTBeTCTBHe npe.nJlaraeMOro 3,l1.,eCb TOJ1KOBaHHH C HOpJ.laHOM, 5. 39:
«3H3Tb:t (generosi) Ha3blBaJ1HCb Pileati, 113 ee cpeJl..bI H36HpaJ1HCb H ItapH H >Kpell,bl
(ex quibus et eis reges et sacerdotes ordinabantur); CM.: C. 301-302 G. Dargo n ,
Une lecture de Cassiodore-Jordanes.-«Annales» e. S. C., 1971, C. 290-305,
}I ,lI.,HCKYCCHfO, c. 323, nmMe"l. I; L. Marin, De l'«Utopia. de More u a la Scandza
de Cassiodore-Jordanes, ibid., c. 306-326. l1opJ.lBH, onHpafOmIH1CfI B .n.aHHOM
CJ1Yl.jae liB KaCCHO,ll.,0PB (n, 3HaQHT, HB HCTO"lHHKH KaCCHOJl..Opa, cpeJJ.M KOTOpblX
)J.HOII). He O'lCHb TBepJl.. B CBOI-IX CBe,ll.,eHHflX: Jl..aJ1bIlJe (II, 71), rmmpfl 06 o6wecT
BeHHblX Y1Jpe>KJl..eHHflX nereH,lI.,apHhlX ,lI.,HCeHeeB. OH onpeJJ.eJlflT Pileati KK peu.oB.
npoTHBOnOCn.lBJUlfI I-IX OnaJ1bHOH "laCTH HapO)la - Capillah; HO 3TH Plleab blJlH
Bbl6paHbI H3 apHcToKpaTHH (elegit enim ex cis tunc nobilissimos prudenbores
11iros).
155

IIbIX OTHOWeHHHX 3aBHCHMOCTH. PeWeHHH. KacalOw.HCCH BCeX .iJ.OJI>K-
UbI 6blJIH npHHHMaTbCH COBMeCTHO BCeMH 1.JJIeH3MH C006ll.lCTBa.
I1MeHHo 06 06wecTBe TaKoro pOJI,a, BH,il,HMO, paccK33bIB3eT B
H.'JlIOCTpaUHHx BeJlHKo.'enHaH 30JlOTaH Ba3a H3 KypraHa KYJlb-06a
(IV B. 110 H. 3.)77. Ha HeM npel1CTaBJleHbl 'IeTblpe cueHbI, Bce nep-
COHa1KH KOTOpbIX BOOpY>KCHbI H nOrJIOweHbI pa3lmqHbIMH 33HHTHH-
MH: ol1HH-capilIati, I1pyrHe- pileati: I) I1Boe MY>K'IHH CHI1HT
I1pyr npoTHB I1pyra. 0I1HH. capillatus - Ha B03Bb!UIeHHH. I1pyroH,
plleatus - nO-BOCTOqHOMY. H3 nHTK3x, 063 ormp31OTcH Ha W.HT. K3K
H3 rpocTb, H norJIOwebI, CYAH no Bblp3>KeHHIO HX JIHU, cepbe3-
HbIM pa3roBopoM; 2) pileatus, onHpaHcb Ha 011HO KO.'eHO HaTHrH-
BaeT JlYK. 3a>KaTblH nOI1 KOJleHOM I1PyroM HorH; 3) capillatus.
onHpaHcb Ha 011HO KOJleHO, BbIpblBaeT (HJlH ."e'lHT?) 3y6 y I1PYroro
CToHlllero Ha KOJleHHX capiHatus. KOTOpblM nOKa3bIBaeT. 'ITO eMY
O'leb 60."bHO; 4) C.HI1HlllHH p,leatus nepeBH3b1BaeT HKPy cHI1Hl!(eMY
capIHtus, KOTOpblll nOMoraeT eMY 011HOM PYKOM H OTTaJlKHBaeT
.n.PyroH. 11306p3meHHbIe 33HHTHH, CTaJIO 6bITb, T3KOBbI: BbIHeceHHe
pewe!fHH HJIH .coBeT, BO1H3 HJIH oxoTa. Bpa1.JeB3l1He 3y60B, YXOD. 3a
paHOH. PaCnpel1eJlenHe aKTHBHbIX pOJleM Me>KI1Y pileati H capillati
nOK333.TeJIbHO: pew3lOT OHH BMeCTe 113 p3BHbIX; xorf! BCe BoopY>Ke-
Hbi JlYKaMH H CTpeJlaMH, no HMeHHO pileatus 6bIJI H36paH 11."H 'w-
.IIOCTpaUHH .TOro, KaK 06palllalOTCH C JlYKOM; TalllHT 3y6 capillatus.
xHpypr - plleatus.
3aBep1ll3H 3TH pa3MbIWJIeHHH, H He Haxomy HHqerO JIY1.Jll.Iero.
KaK BocnpOH3BeCTH 31l,eCb BbIBOD.bI 0 «cOu.HallbHOH CTpaTmpHK3UHH
H <jJopMax 3KcnJlyaTanHH» y I1peBHHX CKH<jJOB H3 ne11aBHO ony6J1H-
f(OBaHHOii KHHfH X333HOB3 78.
06111eCTBO CKH<jJOB Hero CTpaTH<jJHKaUHH B TOM BHl1e, B
KOTOpOM OHa nOl1l1aeTCH peKOHCTpYKUHH. l1eMoHCTpHpyeT
01.Jellb OJIbWOe CXO?-CTBO C 06w.eCTBaMH .n..pyrHx K01.JeBHHKOB
eBp33HHCKHX CTcnCH, npHqeM He TOJIbKO .n,peBHHX. HO H cpe,lI,-
HeBeKOBbIX. Pa6CTBO, Bcer.n..3 cyw.eCTBYlOwee, HO HHKOrLl,a He
HMelOw.ee B3>KHoro npOH3Bo.n..CTBeHHoto 3HaeHHH; Ha'jHqHe
HenOJIHOnpaBHOfO H 3KCnJIyaTHpyeMoro CJIOH 06e.n..HeBWHX KO-
77 Or des Scythes, c. 162 (puc. 91; B UBeTe H8 qeTblpeX BKJ18.n.blIll8X C 84-
87), CM. c. 218 (329). XOTH 3.lI.eCb I{ nO.lI.pa3YMeB8eTcH 0 COOTBCTCTBHH C Hm1cM
11. C PaeBcKoro, "lTO H8 cueH3X H306pa>KCHbl HcnblT8H1UI c J1YKOM H3 OTOPO"
.1creHJlbl 0 npOHCXO>K.n.eHHH (repo.n.oT, IV, 10), HO H 3Toro He C<JHT81O: nplnlJlOCb
t'5Ll CMHpHTbH C TeM, <no H306p3H<eHHOe H8 Tpex cueH8X li3 'leTlllpCX He HMeeT
COOTBeTCTBHH B paCCKa3e (COBeIll8HHe; paHeHHe .lI.BYX 6paTbeo, He npeycnc8UIHJI.
B HcnblTaHHH; Bpa"leBaHHe p8H); JIYK me, npe.lI.CT30.'1eHHblH BO HTOpOH ClleHe KliK
BHJI"HO, He C03J1"aeT HHKaKHX S8Tpy.nHeHHH JI...'lH TOro, KTO 06p8waCTCH C HI1 ca-
}(blM 06bl'lHblM 06p830M.
78 A. M. X3S8HOB, COUH8J1bH8H HCTOpHH CKII4>OB. OCHOBHble npo6.'leMbI P831U1-
TIHI JlPCOHHX KO<1CBHIIKOB eBpasHHcKHX CTeneH (HIICTlJ:TYT 3THorpa4>"H
JiN. H. H MHKJlyxo-MaKJ1aH), 1975, c. 131-202, COUH8J1bH8H CTp8nupHKa'ulfi (1
clJ0P¥bl 3KCnJJY3T8uHH.
156
Lj('BHHKOB; 01.JeHb WHpOKoe paCnpocTpaHeHHe ;I.aHHHtIeCTBa. B
f]C'pBYIO O'lcpe;:J..b BU B33HMOOTHOllleHHHX C no.n..tIHHeHHbIMH
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)CHHO npe06.rra.aalOwero B 06w.eCTBe CJIOH pHJI,OBbIX CB060.n..-
HbIX KOLJeBHl-iKOB, 3KCnllY3TaUHH KOToporo. KaK npaBH.,'lO, 6bI
.13 KOCBeHHO npHKpbITOII Tpa.n..HUHRMH pOllo-nlleMeHHOH COlfH-
;lapnOCTH H. r.a3BlIoe, He COCTaBll5W3 OCHOBHoro HCTOQHHKa
,lOXO,,1.0B npHBH.nerHpOB3HHoro Cr:lOfl; Ll,YXOBH3H npoc.rlOl1Ka, CO-
CTOHw.an H3 >KpeUOB, waMaHOB, npeJI,CKa3aTeJIeH H np., Menee
pa3BHTaH. 'IeM y I1pyrHX 3eM.,el1e."b'leCKHX Hap0110B, H B ue-
10M Haxo.n..Hw.aHCH noJI, KOHTpOlleM CBeTCKHX BJIaCTeH; 3pH-
CTOKpaTHH, B nepBYIO OIJepeLl,b pOJI,O-nJIeMeHHaH, OT'laCTH TaK
A\e CJIY1KHllaH; HaKOHeu. npaBHWHil «uapcKHii» pO;J. - Bce 3TH
HaH60llee xapaKTepHble 1.JepTbI H oco6eHHOCTH H3XO.n.HT MHoro-
l.J:HCJIeHHble 3H3JIOrHH Y JI,pyrHx KOtIeBIIHKOB -- OT .n..peBHHX
:\)fHHY 1l,0 Ka3aXOB Hawero BpeMeHIL
061>HCHeHHe 3Toro HBlleHHH 33HJIIOLIaeTCH orLIaCTH B OAHO-
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HOMHKH, BHOBb H BHOBb P0>K1l,aIOWeH H3H60JIee COOTBeTCTBYIO-
ll1.He ee ypOBHIO COUH3011bHbIe ClIOH Ii npOCJIOHKH, OT'laCTH B
4epTax CT3Ll,li3JIbHOrO Cxo.n.CTBa, BbI3B3HHblX o.n..HHaKOBbIM
ypOBHCM 06w.eCTBeHHoro p33BHTHH, HaKOHeu, OTQaCTH B KYJIb-
TYPHbIX B33HMOBJIHHHHHX Ii npeeMCTBeHHOCTH. n03TOMY He
.1yqaHHO, '-ITO HeKOTopble oc06eHHOCTH CTp3THcpHKaUHH
CKHcpCKoro 06weCTBa npOCoIle>KHBaIOTCH He TOJIbKO B KOlleBbIX,
HO H B OCe1l,.,10-3CMJIe.n..eJIbtIeCKHX 06w.eCTBax Ha paHHeKJI3C-
COBOH cTyneHH pa3BHTHH.
KaK COOTHOCHTCH CKH<jJCKOf 06l!(eCTBO VI-IV BB 110 H. 3.
C 06111eHpaHCKHM II TbICH'IeJleTH 110 H. 3.?
no MHeHHIO )1(. J],IOMe3H."H. CKH<jJCKoe 06HjeCTBO J1YKHaHa
Ii JI,ame repo.n.OTa IIOXOLl,HJIO Ha 06w.eCTBa oceTHH H QepKe-
COB 110 HX npHCOCI1HHeHHH K POCCHH. 3TO <jJeOl1aJlbHaH opra-
HH33UHH. B KOTOpOH no.n.. ynp3BJIeHHeM KHH3eH HaXOlI,HJIHCb
HaCJIe.l.tCTBeHHaH 3HaTb H He3HaTHble, 110 CBo60Ll,HbIe 'l.lJeHbI
06111ecTBa, npH'IeM H Te H I1pyrHe 6bIJlH 06."al1aTe,'HMH pa60B.
)1(. }1IOMe3HJIb nOll3raeT, tITO HHLJ.TO fie YKa3blBaeT H3 cyw. e -
CTBOBaHHe y CKHcpOB BbILl,elleHHbIx HM Tpex OlOeB HH.l.tOeBpO-
neHCKOfO 06LU.eCTR3... HanpHMep. no ero MHeHHlO, y HHX OT-
CYTCTBOBaJIO 060c06HBweecH >Kpe'leCTBo. 41'0 KaC3eTCf! npe.n..-
CT3BJIeHHH 0 Tpex COUHaJIbHbIX CjlOHX, Clle.l.tbI KOTOpbIX
)1(. lI.IOMe3Hllb caM me Heo.n..HOKpaTI\! .jfMeqall y CKmpOB, TO
OHH KamYTCH eMY H.n..eaJIbHOH MOJI,C:IJ,lO, 3aCTblBweH KOHUcn-
TyaJIbHOH rpa.n.HUHefI, .n..3JIeKOH OT peaJIbHOfi .n..eikTBHTellbHO-
CIM.
napalI,OKC3.rrbHO, llTO no .n..aHHOMY Bonpocy B3r.r:lH.n..bI
./K.. lI.IOMf:3H.rrH CMbIK3lOTCH CO B3fJIHJI,aMH ero peWHTeJIbHOrO
orrnOHeHTa 11. M. lI.bHKOHOB3. JI,OnYCKalOwero TpeX1.JlleHHOe
JI,eJIeHHe 06w.eCTBa TOJIbKO Ll,JIH HH.n..oapHHu.eB H 01l,HOH onpe
,eJleHHOM rpynnLI HpaHCKHX n."eMeH «<napOI1 ABCCTbI») HOT.
157

pHualOlllero ero ;.lH CKHq,OB. flo MHeHHIO 11. M L\bHKoHoBa
TpeXtlJI€HHOe JI,€Jl€HHe 06ll.l€CTS3 Y CKHq,OB B JIytlW€M CJ1Yl{a
HMeeT OTpa}f{€HHOe npOHCXO}K1.eHHe - nOlI BlIHHHM€M YClIOBHH
pO,.'J,CTS€I1I-IbIX OC€)]}IbIX nJI€MeH.
3HaqHTeJJbHO 11a.<lbllle )1<. L\IOMe3HJJH H11YT HeKOTopble H3
era nocne.iI.OSaT€JI€H. H3XOlUIll.lH€ B CKHcpCKOM 06LU.€CTSe pe-
aJIbHO CYll.l€CTSYIOIltee TpeXCOCJIOBHOe .n.€JI€HHe.
0C:-BHltHMOMY. B 3TOM Bonpoce CJI€AyeT H36eraTb KpaH-
HaCTeH. CpaBH€HHC CKHCKoro o6u.r.eCTB3 c a;'!.bIfCKHM HJIH
OC€THHCKHM Ht'npaBOMepno. 06wero \1€mAY HHMH pOSHO
CTOJIbKO, CKOl1bKO MemJ],Y JlBYMH COC.108HO H KJIaCCOBO lI,Hcp-
cpepellu.,HpOS3UlIblMH 06u.r.eCTB3MH C H3CJIe,lI,CTB€IIHOH apHCTO-
KpaTHeH. E11Ba <lH nOJJHOCTblO npaB )1<. L\IOMe3HJJb H B OTpH-
uaHHH Y CKHq,OB 060c06."eHHOH >KpeqeCKOH npOCJJOHKH. Ko-
HCIIHO, CHHcpCKH€ 3HapeH - He 6paXMaHbl J1HllHH H He MarH
I1paH8. B03MO>KHO, HX 06W.€CTS€HHbl€ n03HUHH 6b1J1H CKpOM-
H€€ Tex, KOTopbIe peKOHCTpYHPY€T caM Y l leHbIH 1I.lIH >KpelleCT-
sa 'BpeMeHH HHAoesponeHCKOH U6LU.HOCTI1. Ho Bce >Ke >Kpe
Ubi HJIH cneu.HaJIiHCTbI no 'CRepX'beCT€CTB€HHOMY B C'J{H(}mH
6b1JJH.
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06f!1eCT0 .LI..a.f!eKO YKOHK:}OCb 01' Tpa1l.HUHOHHOH HH.LI..O€BPO-
neHeKoH I1JIM HpaHCKOH MO1(,}IH. I-IHKaKHx CJIe.LI..OB n8..'lHIlHH
oc060ro cocnOBHH peMeC.f!€IIHHKOB B CKmpHH He Ha6molI.aeT
CH. Bo Bcex KOlleBblX 06LU.eCTSaX Sbl.LI..€.f!€HHe peMeCJIa B caMO.
CTOHTeJJbHYIO cq,epy npoH3Bo)J.cTBa 6bl."0 npoueccoM 11JJHTeJJb-
HbIM H npepbIBHcTblM, oc06eHHo KOr1l.a peMeCJI€HHbIe npo-
.LI..YKTbI MO>KHO 6blJiO nOJIYIlHTb Ha BHeWI-IHx pbIHKax HJIH 3a
Cl1eT 3Kcn.f!yaTaUHH 3eM.f!e.LI..eJIbUeB - KaK B BH1l.e .LI..aHH. TaK H
nYTeM HaCHJIbCTBeHHoro nepeCeJIeHHH 3aXBal1eHHbIX B nJIeH
peMec."eHHHKoB. 3aTo repo)J.oT (IV, 24) co06111aeT 0 HaJJH-
l1HH KynuoB - HBJieHHH. H3BeCTHOM H B lI.pyrHx KOlleBbIX 06-
llleCTBax. ApHcToKpaTHH H )J.a>Ke pH)J.oBbIe cB060)J.HbIe CKHq,bl
COCTOHJIH H3.. HeeKOJIbKHX npOCJIOeK, H, nO-BH.LI..HMOMY, B oco-
6yIO npOCJJOHKY BbI11eJJH."CH UapCKHH p011.
TaKHM 06pa30M, CKHq,cKoe 06111ecTBo 6b1JJO 3HaQHTe."bHO
60JIee reTeporeHHbIM. lleM npeJ.tcTaBJIHeTCH TeM, K1'O CKJIOHeH
BOCpHHH\faTb ero B paMKax TpeXCOCJIOBHOH HH.LI..OeBpOneH-
CKOH MO.LI..eJIH. 11, rJIaBHoe. .LI..ame T€ COCJIOBHH, KOTopbIe reHe-
THlleCKH MomBO B03BO.LI..HTb KO II TbICHqeJI€THIO .LI..O H. 3., npeA-
CTalOT nepe)J. HaMH B Y>Ke CHJJbHO TpaHcq,opMHpOBaHHOM BH-
Ae. 113MeHHJIHcb OHH caMH, H3MeUH.f!HCb HX <PYHKUHH, HX COOT-
HOllIeHHe, HX nOJIO>KCHHe B 06LU.eC1'Be. nOJIHOnpaBHaH llaCTb
CKHq,CKoro 06111eCTBa, cOCToHlllaH, no JIYKHaHY, H3 uapcKoro
pOlla, apHcToKpaTIfH H ne3HaTHbIx, HO .f!H1:lHO-CB060AHbIX KO-
l1eBHHKoB. K KOTOpblM Ha1l.0 .LI..06aBHTb TaK>Ke mpe1:leCTBo. 1'0-
pa3;J.0 60.TbllIe cooTBeTCTByeT COUHaJJbHOH CTpYKType capMa-
TOB, XYHHY H .LI..a>Ke Cpe.LI..HeBeKOBbIx MOHrOJIOB H Ka3axOB
XV-XVIII HB., qeM HH11ocBponeHcKoMY Ii HH)J.oHpaHcKoMY
158
06weCTBY III-II TbICHI.J:€J1eTHl1 }l0 H_ 3., KaK OHO BbIfJI";{IIT
B TPYll.aX )1(. .l11OMe3HJIH Hero nOC.iIe1l.0BaTe.TJeH.
flO-BH)J.HMOMY, )1<. L\IOMe3HJJb npaB B .1pyroM. Tpa.n.HU H -
OHHaH MO.LI..e.f!b 06weCTB3, BepOHTHO. npOD.OJimaJI3 cywecTBo-
BaTb y CKHq,OB B cq,epe H)J.eOJJorHH. 11 HOBbie COUHaJJbHble
OTHoweHHH ;'I.3>Ke BO BpeMeH8 rep01l.0T3 OCMhiC.f!HBaJIHCb no
3TOMY 06pa3UY.
51 6bI H€MHOrOe H3MeHH.f! B 910M BeCbM3 np0..1YM8HHOM cY>K1l.e-
I1HH COHepllleHHO npaBoMepHo H nOJJe3HO paCCMaTpHBaTb 11peBHHe
CKHq,CKHe 06111eCTBa B CBeTe onbiTa 11pyrHx KOQeHHHKOB EBpa3HH,
B l1aCTHOCTH Cpe.LI..HeBeKOBbIx TlOpKOB H MOHrOJIOB. HO He MeHee
npaBOMepHO cpaBHHBaTb HX C 06weCTBaMH CeBepHoro KaBKa3a,
KOTopbIe .LI..O.f!ro OCT8Ba.f!HCb BeCbM8 KOHcepBaTHBHbIMH H O.LI..HO H3
KOTOpblX 6bIJlO 06pa30BaHO HX >Ke nJIeMHHHHK8MH. OTf-IOCHTeJIbHO
>Ke eYllleCTBOBaHHH >Kpe1:leCTBa H npO.llOJI>K31O .LI..YM8Tb. 1:l1'O 3HapeH,
C O.LI..HOH CTOpOHbI, H ra.LI..aTeJ1H H8 naJIOl1KaX - C ApyroH, 0 KOTOpbIX
fepOlI,OT rOBopHT B HCHbIX KOHT€KCTax. HO He rOBopHT 06 HHbIX
CneUH3JIbHOCTHX. HanpHMep BepIlIHTeJ1HX >KepTBOnpHHoweHHH, He
6bIJIH, KaK MHe Ka>KeTCH, CBH3aHbI Me>K.LI..Y C060H eTOJIb npOQHOl1
B3aHMOnO.lI..lI.ep>KKOH, l1T06bI npH1:lHC.f!flTb HX K ellHHOMY «KJlaccy»,
«CJIOIO» H..'lM «npOCJIOHKe».
nOCKOJIbKY Xa3aHoB enp3Se.LI..J1HBO nO.LI..QepKHSaeT 3H3JIOrHlO
Me>K.LI..Y CKHcpaMH H 60JIbW0l1 rpynnofi TlOpKCKHX H MOHrOJIbCKHX Ha-
p0110B 3ana.n.HOH H UeHTpaJJbHOii CH6HpH, HHTepecHo 6JJH>Ke B3rJJH-
I1YTb Ha pe3YJJbTaTbI )J.aBHo Y>Ke npOBe11eHHoro cpaBHeHHH Me>K11Y
.f!ereH.LI..OH 0 TaprHTae Hero CbIHOSbflX H J1ereH.LI..OH 0 npe.LI..Ke TlOpKOB
OrY3e (Oguz, Oguz ka (g) an) Hero CbIHOBbHX 79.
npapo)J.HTe'"b orpOB Orp-KaraH BCTynaeT B 6paK C 11BY-
MH 1l.eBYIliKaMH: 01l.HOH, cnYCTHBllleHCH C He68 B r0J1y60M JIY-
lIe H aCCOUHHPYlOwei'Ic5I co CTHxHeH cseTa, H lI.PjTOH, HaMeH-
HOH B .LI..yn.,le .LI..epeBa H aeCOl.lHHpYlOlileHCH co CTHXHeH BOlI,bI,
3eMJIH, He63. 01' Kam.LI..OH p01I.HTCH no TPH CbIHa, npHQeM nep-
Bble TPH nOJJY'IaIOT HMeHa COJJHl.\e, JIYHa, 3Be311a (KIOH, AH,
IOJJ)J.Y3), a BTOpble TPH - He60, ropa, Mope (KIOK, Tar,
TeHrH3)80
Y>Ke 01' 3THX weCTH OJIHueTBOpHIOlilHX CTHXHH CbIHOBeH
pO)J.HTCH 24 BHYKa - npe)J.KH KOHKpeTHblx orY3cKHx pO)J.OB.
L\aJJee MHq, paccKa3bIBaeT 0 TOM, KaK OrY3-KaraH npHQeT
79 CM., B qaCTHOCTH: C n. TonCToH. np06JIeMbi MCTOpHH .lI.OKanHTaJ1HCTHtJe-
CKHX 06w.ecTB, N!! 9-10, 1935. c. 28-29. LlpeBHHll Xope3M, 1948, c. 295-296.
00 nOBOJI..Y JleeHJI..bI 06 OrY3e-K.araHe CM.: R. NOllf, Oughouz name. cpopee tur-
que. Alexandne, 1928; P. Pelhol, «Sur la Ugcnde d'Oguz Khan en ecnture
ouighoure». Toung Pao 1930, c. 247-358; W_ Bang et G. R. Rahmati, Die Le-
gende von Oghuz Qaghan. B., 1932: G. R. Rahmati, Oguz kag-an destani. Istan-
bul, 1930.
80 Cp.: J. P. Roux, Faune et nore sacrees dans les societes altaiques, 1966,
c 371-373, cpo c. 107-108.
159

B CTenH 30,'OTOH ,'YK H TPH aOJJOTbIe (Cepe6pHHbIe) CTpeJJbI H
nOCbI,,'1aeT CbluHOBeii Ha OXOTY. TpH CTapUIHX CbIHa HaXO.lI.HT
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YHrYPCKOM IIapHaHTe. B ,QPyroM BapHaHTe Orya rOIlopHT:
«npe.>K;1.e }KHBlllHe Hap01I.bI CIIHTa..1H JIYK xaHOM, a CTpeJIbl-
nOCJIaMH... TaK .>Ke Ii HbIHe noc.ne MoeH CMepTH C,,'1e1I.yeT Ha-
pOi\Y xaHOM Ha6paTb i\OCTOHHeHlIIero Ha nOKoJJeHHH EyaYK
(HalIle,QlIIHX JJYK)... ,QO KOH4HHbI MHpa OHH (HalIlei\lIIHe CTpe-
..1bI) nYCTb 1I.OBOJIbCTBYIOTCH CBOMM nOJ].. l lHH€HHblM 00..10-
.>KeHH€M».
LleHCTBHTeJlbHO, BnO.r1He BepOHTHO, 4TO 318 JIere«.n.a 0 npOHC-
XQ.>K;1.e..HHH pO,ll.CTBeHHa nOJJ..o6Hoii .r1ereH1I.€ CKH$OB. CbIHoBeH B
nepBoH lIIeCTepO, HO OHH nO,Qe,1eHbI Ha ,QBe rpynnbI - no TpH. npaB-
.u.a. 30..10TbIe npe)1.MeTbI He yna..1H C He6a. 3810 OTTYJJ..a cnYCTHJIaCh
MaTb Tpex CTaplIlHX 6paTbeEl. H XOTH HepapXHH CbIHOBeH onpei\e,1H-
eTCH He Ha OCHOBaHHH HX cnoco6HOCTH H..1H Hecnoco6HOCTlI B3HTh
30..10Tble npeJtMeTbl B PYKH, BO BCHKOM c..1Y'4Be, OHB onpe.n.eJIHeTCH
B COOTBeTCTBHH C 60JIee HJIH MeHee 6JIBropOJtHOH npHpo.n.OH npeJI.-
MeTOB. KaK H B CKH4JHH, HB..1HU.O .aHa nOKoJIeHHH 6pBTheB. H npH
BTOpOM nOKo..1eHHH - JI.BB,lI,u.aTH '4eTblpeX BHYKBX - YCTaHaBJIHBa-
eTCH KJIaHOBoe - HJIH TeppHTOpHaJIhHOe - .n.eJIeHHe 06I.1.(eCTBB.
TeM He MeHee pa3JIH1lHH MHOrO\lHCJIeHHbl, H O,ll,HO H3 HHX KaCB-
eTCH caMOH CYTH HallieH np06JJeMbL 30JJOTbIe npe,QMeTbI, JJYK H
CTpeJIbl, Bce OTHOCHTCH K TOMY. '4TO Ha HallieM HHJI.OeBpOneHCTBYIO-
ll\eM 1KaproHe Ha3bIBaJJoCb 6bI BoeHHOH 4IYHKI.{HeH, a HepapXHH,
onpe,Qe_"HTb KOTOpyIO 3TH npe,QMeTbI nOMoraIOT, YCTaHaBJJHBaeTCH
He Me>Ki\Y «4IYHKQHHMH», TO eCTb He Me>K,QY HHi\OeBpOneHCKHMH
4IYHKI1HHMH peJIHrH03HOH MOll\H, BoeHHOH CHJJbI H nJIO,QopOAHH, a
JIHliIh MeJK.n.y TeMH, KTO nOBeJIeBaeT, H TeMH, KTO nOJI.'4HHHeTCH.
K TOMY >Ke B Ka>K,QOH rpynne Tpex 6paTbeB HeT HepapXHH, Me>K-
i\Y HHMH He npOBOi\HTCH IIHKaKoro pa3JJH4HH, TaK 4TO CTpYKTypa
OCTBeTCfI B OCHOBe CBoeH ,lI,BYl1JIeHHOH. K TOMY JKe OHB 6nH3Ka-
HMeH B BH)]..y npOHCXOJKJl.eHHe JI.BYX MBTepeii H CTHXHH, C KOTOpbl-
MH OHH CBH3aHbl,- K XOpOIUO H3BeCTHOH )]..BY':IJIeHHOH OCHOBe KHTBH-
CKoro MHpOB033peHHH, TaKoro, KaKHM OHO BhIHBnHeTCH B Ha.n.nHCHX
OpXOHa: «He60 HaBepxy, H 3eM,1H BHHay».
BbIBO,Q: B T'<;PKCKOH JJereHi\e He 06HapY>Kl1BaIOTCH CneQH4IHqe-
CKH HHJtoeBponeHCKHe 3JIeMeHTbl, npHCYI.1.(He CKH4JCKOH.- OHH 3aMe-
HeHbl cneu.H4JWlecKH TlOpKCKHMH. KBKaH 6bl CBH3h HH CYl.1.(eCTBOBB-
JJa Me1KAY i\BYMH AaHHbIMH BapHaHTaMH, 6bIJJO JJH TYT HJJH HeT
3BHMCTBOBBI-IHe - H3-3B 3TOH YTPBTbl HJIH OTCYTCTBHH, BblHB..'1HeMhIX
npH BCHKOM COOTHeceHHH JIereH.n.bl C TpeMH 4JYHKllHHMH, npOTHBO-
nOCTaBJI5IIOTCH .n.B3 MHpOB033peHH5I. pa3Me.m:eBblBBIOTCH JtBB MHpB.
XII. rOCnOLJ:A CMHT H CnEPEEP
H TPH <l>YHKlLHH
o ,QeJIeHl1H rJJaIlHbIX HapTOBCKHX repOB Ha TPH pO,Qa C"'PT'"
HapTbI:> II COOTBeTCTBHH C HX 4IYHKI1HOl1aJJbl1bIM onpei\eJJeHHeM He-
CKOJIbKO pa3 HanOMHHaJJOCb B npe,QllJeCTBYIOll\eM pa360pe. 51 Mory
nH!;llh COCJIBThCH HB BHBJIH3 HX oco6eHHoCTeH, eocTBBnHlOl.1.(HH Tpe-
THH pa3i\eJJ KHHrH «Ml14I H 3noc» (T. I, c. 457-484), a 3i\eCb
OrpBHH'4YCh OTBeToM HB HeKoTopbIe KpHTH':IeeKHe BbICKB3bIBBHHH
CTpYKTypaJJHCTOB H ell\e HeCKOJJbKHMH aaMeqal1HHMH.
Oc06eHHo HeprHqHO ocnapHBaJJaCb npHHa,QJIe>KHOCTb K «nep-
BOH 4IYHKI1HH» HapTOBcKoro pOi\a AJIaraTa.
HH Oi\HH H3 i\OBOi\OB, npHBeJleHHbIX LJ:IOMe3HJIeM B 060c-
HOBaHHe TOro, nOqeMY 011 npHnHcbIBaeT HapTaM AJIaraTa nep-
BYIO 4IYHKI1HIO, Ha caMOM i\eJJe He y6e>Ki\aeT,- DHCaJJH r-,Qa
nbep CMHT 11 LJ:3H Cnep6ep (1971) '.- To, qTO 6pa>KHH-
'laHbH COCTOHTCH Y AJIaraTa, no, nO-BH,QHMOMY, cKopee CJIei\Y-
eT H3 npO>KHBBHHH B lleHTpe ceneHHH. a T8K>Ke, HeCOMHeHHO,
H3 nOJI.pB3YMeBaeMoH MblCJIH 0 TOM. ':ITa HMeHHO OHH - no-
CTBBI.1.(HKH Beex 3eMneJI.eJIhQeCKHX npOYKTOB, BKJIIOQ8H nHBO
H XMeJIhHOH Me.u., 8 OTHIO)]..b He H3 TOro, ':ITO OHH KBK-TO CBSI-
3aHbI C >KpeqeCKOH pOJJbIO. CaM LJ:IOMe3HJJb B i\PyroM MeCTe
nOJI.'4epKHBBeT, tITO onhHHeHHe 3BTpBrHBBeT C pa3Hblx CTOpOH
Bce TPH 4JYHKllHH, CJIeJI.OBaTenhHO. eCTeCTBeHHO, I:lTO OHO CBH-
3aHO C pa3JIHtIHbIMH COCTBBJIHIOIIlHMH 061.1.(ecTBo 3neMeHTBMH;
KpOMe TOro, aHaJJH3 i\peBHerpe'leCKOH peJIHrHH, HanpHMep,
nOKa3bIBaeT, 4TO peJJHrH03HbIe 06PHi\bI MorYT TaK>Ke pacnpe-
i\e'HTbCH Me>KJIY TpeMH 4IYHKI1HHMH; TaKHM 06pa30M, Kpyn-
HeHlllee TOp>KeCTBeHHoe B03JIHHHHe B '4eCTh e>KerOJI.HOrO CO-
6paHHH HBpTOB HMeeT, HeCOMHeHHO, 60JIhlllee oTHOllleHHe K
I1HKJJY 3eMJJei\eJJb4eCKHX pa6OT, 4eM K KaKOMY-JJH60 YTBep>K-
)]..eHHIO peJIHrH03HOH BJIBCTH AJIBrBTB. KOTopble JI.3>Ke He B03-
rJIaBJIHIOT YCTpBHBBeMoe HMH H<e 3aCTOJIhe. LllOMe3Hnh nhITa-
I Mythologiques de Georges Dumezil. c. 566-567 - «Ann ales:. e. s. c., 1971,
c. 559-586; (...). no np8oJJ.e rOBOp:R. B :no:A CT8Tbe KOHLlbI C KOHLlaMH He CXO-
llJITC5I.
11 3aK.772
161

eTCH TaK.>Ke npHBJIetIb tIepKeCCKHe Bapl1aHTbI, B KOTOpbIX
YTBep>K,I\aeTCH ,QpeBHOCTh pO,Qa AJIeJJ.>K, HO 3Ta qepTa BhlHBJIH-
eTCH 3i\eCh JIHWh i\JIH TOro (sic!), qT06h1 JJ:yx >KaTBhI CMor !1M
i\OBepHTh ceMeHa npoca.
HapHCOBaHHaH KapTHHa OCHOBaHa Ha He3HaHHH KaK oceTHH-
CKHX peaJIHH, TaK H J1,aHHbIX 3noca. Y oceTHH - MYCYJIhM8He OHH
HJIH xpHCTHaHe - ,QPyrHx 04mUHaJIhHhlX >KpeUOB, KpOMe HMaMOB
HJIH nonOB, He CYlI1eCTBOBa.r10. a npH OTnpaBJIeHH:H 8KTOB HapOJJ..HOH
peJIHrHH CBHlI1eHHOJ1,eHCTBOBaJIH rJIaBHbIe nHI.1a-B POJ1,Y, B ceJIe 2 .
B TOM .>Ke CMhICJIe 061I1eCTBO H3pTOBCKHX repoeB - BceueJIO CBeT-
CKoe: HH Oi\HOMY H3 Tpex P0,QOB He npHHai\JIe>KHT «pOJIh >Kpeqe-
CTBa».
KpoMe Toro, B TOM. tITO KacaeTCH B3aHMOOTHorneHHH Tpex pO-
.nOB, B 3TOM 06w.eCTBe - paBeHCTBO. H XOTH npO,lI,O.r1>KaeT npOHB-
JIHThCH B KaKHX-TO TOHKOCTHX i\peBHHH HepapXHH .pYHKUHH, BCe >Ke
Y MYJJ.phlX HeT npeHMYwecTBeHHhlX npaB nepeJJ. CHJIhlIhlMH, HH Y
CHJIbHbIX nepeJ1, 60raTbIMH.- A.Jlar3T3 - He 60JIbllle «BO.>K.lI.H». 4eM
«.>KpeUbI». ECJIH KaKHe-TO nepCOH3.>KH H HrpalOT pOJIb BO>K.lI.eH - no
KpaHHeH Mepe npeJ1,BOJ1,HTeJIeH B nOXO.lI.ax,- TO CKopee 3TO BbI.lI.alO-
llI,HeCH JIHqHOCTH nepBoro HJIH BToporo nOKO.r1eHHH pOJJ..a CHnbHbIX:
CTapwHe-Yphl3Mar H XaMhlU, MJIaJJ.WHe-COCJIaH H DaTpa3.
Ho BepHeMcH K AJIaraTa:
L OHH MYJJ.Phl, YMHhI: TaKOBa HX OT.'HqHTeJIhHaH xapaKTepHcTH.
Ka B npoTHBoBec onpeJJ.eJIeHHIO JJ.BYX i\PyrHx pOJJ.OB 3, H 3a6aBHO,
qTO r-JJ.a CMHT H Cnep6ep onYCTH,'H 3TO He,QBYCMhICJIeHHOe pa3'hHC-
HeHHe oceTHHCKHX cKa3HTe.r1eH. To, 4TO zond - «YM», B HallieM no-
HHMaHHH, He nOKpbIBaeT BCIO J1,eHTeJIhHOCTb AJIaraTa. 3TO O'4eBH.lI.HO,
HO OH BBOJJ.HT 3TOT pOJJ. B TY >Ke 30HY, rJJ.e pacnOJIO>KeHhI 06PHJJ.hI,
C OJJ.HOH CTOpOHhI, CY>Ki\eHHH - C JJ.PyroH, KOpOqe roBOP", TO, qTO
cOXpaHHJIOCb B 3noC€ OT 061I1eH peJIHnm H 061I1€CTBeHHoro npaBa.
2: KYJIhTOBhIe aKThI Y HapToB, KaK H Y oceTHH,-9TO npe>Ki\e
Bcero B03JIHHHHH: «KYbIB.lI.» - «npa3.lI.HHK, nHp», - OTrnarOJIhHOe
cYlI1eCTBHTeJIhHOe OT «KYBbIH» - «MOJIHThCH» 4. Ka>KJI.bIH pOJ1" Ka>K-
JJ.hlH qeJIOBeK YCTpaHBaeT KYhlBJJ. Ha CBoe YCMOTpeHHe H npHrJIarna-
eT Ha Hero B onpe,QeJIeHHhlX CJIyqaHX JJ.PyroH pOJJ.. HHoe JJ.eJIO-
«npneMhI» Y AJIaraTa: HX JJ.OM - MeCTO c06paHHH Bcex HapTOB B
ueJIOM; H, nO-BH,[lHMOMY, He OT AJIaraTa 3aBHCHT, COCTOHTCH HnH
HeT 3TH c06paHH": OCHOBHaH 06H3aHHOCTh pOJJ.a - YCTPOHTh «KY-
bIB.lI.». Ha T8KHX c06paHHHX. KaK H B peaJIhHOH >KH3HH, 3a Ka1K..lI,hl.M
CTOJIOM - CBOH CTaprnHH, H pOJIh CTapwero nopyqaeTCH caMhlM no-
2 CM. c. 154. npHMell.. 72.
3 M3, 12, c. 458 H npHMell.. I. BocnpOH3BO:H<Y 3J\.eCb 3TO onpe.neJIeHHe (3anH-
caHHoe TyraHoBblM nO-)J.HropcKH): «Eop(H)aTa 6blJIH 60raTbI CKOTOM ($oHcreH
X"bCE3J1.)'r», AJI3r3T3 6b1JIH CHJIbHbI YMOM (3YHJJ;re TYXI'HH). Axc8pTarKaTa OTJlH1:l8-
JIHCb Xpa.6POC7blO (6rer'bBT<:ep) H 6b1JIH CHJIbHbl JIIO)J.bMH (x1>repyarHH JirefTii)>>.
o C30HJJ;e CM. M3, 12, c. 493-496.
"' CM. C. 52 H )J.8J1ee. c. 177 cpo B TeKCTe KBHH73 KYPUHSI, 1I.H7. BbilUe, c. 134:
C dpY3bRMU >Ke «BMeCTe MbI IIOJIb3yeMcH 1:larneH, 808AU8aR 8UHO 60zaM».
162
LJ:eTHbIM H3 rOCT€H. Ho 06H3aHHOCTH PYKOBOJJ..CTB8 OCT3IOTC5! 33
pO,lI,OM AJI8raT8. A.r18r3Ta pe1ll31OT, HanpHMep, KOrJ1,a HMeHHO BHe-
CTH Xp.aHHMYIO HMH BOJIwe6HYIO qawy, H YCTaHaBJIHBalOT YCJIOBHH
«COCTH38HHfl», KOTOpbIe npOHCXOJ1,HT BO BpeMH 6pa>KHHtIaHhH 5.
3. LITO .>Ke K3CaeTCH nOC.'le,lI,HHX CBH,lI,eTeJIbCTB np8BOBOH, T. e.
nOJIHTHqeCKOH, CTOpOHhI .pYHKUHH A"araTa, crpynnHpoBaHHhlX
MHOIO B '4aCTH nepBOH KHHrH «MH4J :H 3nOC». TO MOH KPHTHKH no-
npOCTY H8LJ:HCTO 0 I-IHX 3a6bIBa1OT 6 . B CKa3aHHHX CeBepHOH OCeTHH
o HHX rOBOpHTC5! M8.,'10, HO Ue..1b3H npeHe6per8Tb TeKCT8MH, CO-
6p8HHbIMH B IO>KHOH OceTHH, a TaK>Ke '4epKeCCKHMH 33HMCTBOBa-
HHHM:H. Cor..13CHO nepBhIM, «C8MbIMH '4eCTHbIMH CYJ1,hHMH» npH3Ha-
HhI CTapHK H3 po;m A"araTa H He-HapT, CTapHK H3 pOJJ.a DHueHa-
T3 _ HX-TO M npHr..1arn8lOT .lI.JIH TpeTeHCKoro CY.lI.eHCTBa. ),' 4epKe-
COB HapTbI c06HpalOTCH B J1,OMe AT}e.lI.>Ka COBceM He TO..1bKO ;])lfl no-
noeK, HO J1,JIH p83peliIeHHH Bcex B8.>KHbIX .lI.eJI, H 51 Y.>Ke UHTHpOBaJi
pe310Me raJ1,araT..1H 06 3THX Tpa.lI.HI-lHHX B ueJIOM.
HMeHHO B i\OMe AJIeJJ.>Ka HapThI pa3pewalOl CHOH lI.eJIa H
cnopbI H B03,[la1OT nOlleCTH CMeJIbIM H BeJIHKO.lI.YWHb1M HapTaM,
BhIHOCH OKOH'43Te..1hHbIe pellieHIUl.
EOJIee Toro. HMeHHO B ,[lOMe A'le,lI,}Ka cneuHaJIbHOe c06paHHe
nOCTaHOBT}HeT, KOrJ1,a npHXO,[lHT BpeMH npe.lI.3Th CMepTH K3}K)J.OrO
CTapK8, H HMeHHO K HHM B .lI.OM «npHHOCHT» npHrOBopeHHoro K
Ka3HIL
HaKOHeu, CqHTaerC", qTO pOJJ. AJIei\>Ka npOH30WeJI OT ,QpeBHeH
H 38raJJ..0'4HOH JIH'4HOCTH, HHor.lI.a OTO>K.lI.eCTB..1HeMOH C «npopOKOM
I1HcycOM», BO BCHKOM CJIytlae- OT npe.lI.Ka-BO.>K,[lH, H H3-33 3Toro-
TO A,'elI.>K H H36paH xpaHHTeJIeM (B cneUHaJIhHOM MeJJ.HOM aM6a-
pe) ceM"H npoca, nepCJJ.aHHhlX C006lUeCTBY HapTOB ):(YXOM >KaTBhI:
CHe nO'4eTHOe nopY4eI-lHe BOBce He npeBpa1I18eT AneJ1,>K3 B Toro,
KTO HCnOJIh3yeT ceMeH8 K3K naxaph, TO'4HO TaK >Ke KaK OHO He
Mor..10 6bl npeBp3THTb B 3eMJIe.n.e..1bua. CKa>KeM, ero conepHHKa
rbIJIaXCTeHa, TO eCTh OC€THHCKOro LleJIaXCbIpTaH8, H3BeCTHoro Tonb-
KO K8K BOHB 1.
BOT TO, llTO CKpbIBaeTCH 3a zond H conYlcTByeT eMY: HpaBcT-
HeHHoe H JJ.yxoBHoe npeHocxoJJ.CTBO, npHcywee poJJ.Y AJIaraTa.
::hy nOJJ.60pKY JJ.OBOJJ.OB CMHT H Cnep6ep npeJJ.nOqJIH HrHopHpo-
BaTb H nOD.MeHHJIH ee KOHCTpYKUHeH. nocTpoeHHoH no c06CTBeHHO-
MY pa3YMeHHIO H8 OCHOB3HHH npOH3BOJIhHOrO TOKOBaHHH ABYX
.paKTOB:
L Cor"aCHO C60PHHKY «HapThI KaJJ.JJ.>KhlTre», TPH HapTOBCKHX
pOJJ.a pa3MeWeIlhl Ha pa3HOH BhICOTe Ha «rope HapTOB»: «BepXHHe
, CM., HaIlpHMep, JlH, 25a, c. 96 (Lb. lllaHaeB, CCKL V. 2. 1871, c. 5-9,
I1C70pH.SI nOl{ H83BaHHCM «AJIaraTa»).
, M3, 1', c. 465-466, 468-469, 472-477.
1 M3, P. c. 474.
11'
163

HapTbI» HaceJIeHbI CHJIbHblMH - AXCapTarKaTa; «Cpei\HHe Hap-
TbI» - MYi\pblMH - AJIaraTa; «HH>KHHe HapTbI» - 60raTblMH-
BopaTa.
2. 113 i\BYX acneKTOB 60raTcTBa B HapToBcKHX CKa3aHHHX CKO-
TOBO.n.CTBO OO'4TH He ynoMHHaeTCH, a 3eMJIeLtenHe - G1.JeHh MaJIG. 80
BCHKOM cnytIae, 60raTCTBO HOCHTeneH TpeTheii 4J)fHKUHH HCt:IHCnHeT-
CH JIHlllb B CTajI,3X. 11. oLtHaKO, 3eMJIe.lI.eJIHe CYlI1eCTBYeT, nOCKOJIhKy
HapTbI nOTpe6JIHIOT xJIe6 H nHBO, H K TOMY }/{e Cpei\H i\YXOB cYlI(e-
cTByeT «nOKpOBHTeJIb 3epHoBblx».
4T06b1 06b1rpaTb nepBblii <!JaKT, r-i\a CMHT H Cnep6ep CCblJIa-
I01'CH H8 TO, '41'0 np01I.YKTbI TIHTaHHH pa3Horo THOB COOTBeTCTBYIOT
pa3HhlM ypOBH5IM: Ha caMOM Bepxy. B JIecy, BO.lI.HTCH .lI.H'4h; H3 ce-
pei\HHe ropbl nOJIH nOKpblTbI XJIe6aMH; BHH3Y i\OJIHHa H Mope n03-
80JIHIOT 33HHMaThCH CKOT080.lI.CTBOM H TOprOBJIeii.
4T06b1 06b1rpaTb BTOpoii <!JaKT, CMHT H Cnep6ep CCblJIalOTCH Ha
Oi\HY H3 OCHOBHbIX ynoMHHYTblX Bblllie 06H3aHHOCTeii pOi\a AJIara-
Ta, HJIH «CPeJJ.HHX» HapTOB: 3TOT pOi\ YCTpaHBaeT i\JIH HapTOB or-
pOMHbIe npa3i\HHKH-6pa}/{HHqaHhH.
COtIeTaHHe Lt.BYX nOCbIJIOK, rOBopHT OHH, nopO}K1I.aeT TpeTblO:
>KHBYlI1He nocpe;J.HHe, B 30He no.lI. BblBCCKOH «3epHOBbIe». An araTa,
i\OJI}/{HO 6b1Th, caMH H npOH3BOi\HT npOi\YKTbI i\JIH YCTpaHBaeMblX
HMH OHpOB, TaK tITO 3TH llLeBJtOMy.n.pble. BHARMO, Ha C3MOM .u.e-
JIe - 3eMJIei\eJIhUbI. OTHblHe <!JYHKUHOHaJIhHaH KapTHHa Tpex POi\OR
LtOJI>KHa BbIfJIH.lI.eTb TaK: OXOTHHKH. 3eMJIe.u.eJIbllbI, CKOTOBOLthi. TpH
HK06b1 CYlI(eCTByrolI(He HHi\OHpaHCKHe «!>YHKUHH - BOHHbI, MYi\pble,
npOH3BO.D.HTeJIH - ynpa3.lI.HHIOTCH O.lI.HHM MaXOM.
Bce nOCbInKH B nOH CHCTeMe .lI.OK83aTeJIhCTB JIO>KHhI HnH HC-
KYCCTBeHHbI.
1. KaK onHCblBaeTCH BO Bcex CKa3aHHHX, TPH KBapTaJIa HapTOB-
CKOro CeJIeHHH (a CYlI(eCTByeT JIHllih OI\HO CeJIeHHe, KOTOPOMY no-
KpOBHTeJIhCTByeT Oi\HH i\YX 8), COCei\CTBYIOT i\Pyr C i\pyrOM: MO}/{HO
6b1CTpO npoiiTH H3 Oi\HOro KBapTaJIa B i\Pyroii, a 6ei\bI, 06PylliH-
BalOlI1HeCH Ha O!1EH KBapTan, nOCTHralOT H .lI.pyrHe. ECJIH KBapTa-
JlbI H pacnOJIO}/{eHbI Ha pa3HblX ypOBHHX Oi\Hoii H TOii}/{e «ropbl
HapTOB», TO OTToro, tITO 3Ta «ropa» HeBbICOKa - HHf.lI.e HeT ee
onHcaHHH - H HeT HHK3KHX HaMeKOB Ha TO, G:TO nH60 caMH KB3PT3-
JIhI, nH60 HX OKpeCTHoCTH pa301'1E'4aIOTCH no neH3a>KY 9.
2. HapTbi OXoTHTCH nOBCIOi\Y: Ii B RblCOKHX YlI(eJIhHX, KOHeqHO,
If B .lI.OJIHHe; rOBopHTh, ({TO «30Ha», «e.lI.HHCTBeHHaH 30Ha» .lI.eHTeJIh-
HOCTH AxcapTarKaT3 p8cnonaraeTCH H3 BeplllHHe, MO>KHO TOJIbKO
H3 npei\B3HToCTH.
3. Bce HapTbI, KaK H Bce KaBKa3UbI, peaJIhHble HJIH BblMbllli-
JIeHHble, OXOTHTCH, KaK, HanpHMep, KapJIHKH EHI.\eHTa. KpoMe TOro,
Bce HapTbI yqaCTBYIOT B KOpOTKHX HJIH i\JIHTeJIhHblX nOXOi\ax
II CM., HanpHMep, Kf. c. 217-218.
9 3TO cpe)J.HHHoe nOnO}KeHHe HOCHTeneii nepBoH 4JYHKU:HH. 83 KOToporo CM8T
H Cnep6ep 83BneK81OT CTonb )J.8neKO Hllyrn.He BblOO,lUl, COCT8BJIHeT OllHY H3 06bltl-
HIlX KOH4JHrypauHH B TPH4JYHKUHoHanbHblx TpH3)J.8X. CM. M3. II, c. 256, npHMetl. 3.
164
(6aJIll), B Ha6erax: 0 TOM }/{e Eypa<!JapHblre, caMOM THnHqHOM H3
60ra'4eH. Eop3Ta B O.lI.HOM MeCTe rOBopHTCH 10:
Oi\Ha}/{l\bI Eypa«!>apHblr, R03BpaTHRWHCh H3 rOI\HqHoro no-
XOi\a, no}/{eJIaJI 3ai\aTh 60JIhllioii nHp. H3 OJ\Horo YlI(eJIhH 011
BeJIeJI npHrHaTb CTai\o 6b1KOB, H3 i\Pyroro YlI(eJIhH - CTai\O
6apaHOB. 3aKOJIOJIH Bcex }/{HBOTHblX, H HapTbI H3 HH}/{Heii
.lI.epeBHH C06paJIHCh Ha nHp, lIaCToHlI(Hii HapTOBCKHii nHp.
COOTBeTCTBeHHO Bce HapTbI B KaKoii-To CTeneHH yqaCTBylOT
B naCTYlliecKHx 06H3aHHoCTHX: 3H3MeHHTbIH paccKa3 0 TOM, KaK
COCJIaH Oi\ep}/{HBaeT TPYi\HYIO n06ei\Y Hai\ «i\BYMH CblHOBhHMH Ta-
pa», HaqHHaeTCH C Toro, qTO Ha BeCh HapToBcKHii Hapoi\ 06pYlliHBa-
eTCH 6ei\CTBHe: B CypOBYIO 3HMY HapTbi He 3HalOT, KYi\a HM no:
rHaTh CKOT Ha nacTh6y; Ypbl3Mar YKa3b1BaeT Ha CTpaHY CblHOBeH
Tapa, Haxoi\HlI(YIOCH Ha 6epery MOpH.
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Yi\ep}/{Hllih. Ho TPYi\HO H onaCHO II)J.TH TYi\a, nOToMY qTO CbI-
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YCKOJIh3HeT OT Oi\HOrO, TO OH He yiii\eT OT i\pyroro.
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l\eT npHHai\JIe}/{aTh K POi\Y BopaTa, OH 6Yi\eT Oi\HH H3 I\BYX BeJIH-
KHX «MJIai\lliHJ!» B POi\Y CHJIhHblX, pOi\Y AxcapTarKaTa,- COCJIaH ".
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no pa3HblM CJIyqaHM nHpbl-6pa}/{HHqaHhH - JIH60 TOJlhKO i\JIH CBO-
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HCKJIIO'4aeT Toro, '4TO Ka>K.lI.OMY H3 HHX 3H8KOM8 H cneUH8nH3alJ,HH
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TarKaTa - caMble CHJIhHble H caMble xpa6pble, EopaTa - caMble 60-
raTble; AJIaraTa - caMbie YMHble H K TOMY }/{e 3ai\alOT nHpbl-B03-
JIH'SIHHH 06H33TeJIbHO H .lI.JIH Bcex, 8 3TO - nOCJle,D,HHe npOHBJIeHHR
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4. LJTO KacaeTCH 3eMJIe.lI.eJIHH, TO nOnbITK8 npHnHCblB8Tb era
MeTOi\OM HCKJIlOqeHHH POi\Y AJIaraTa He nOi\KpenJIHeTCH CYlI(eCT-
BYlOlI1 llMH .lI.aHHbIMH. BepHO, IlTO B CK333HHHX He YTOIlHHeTCH. OT-
KYi\a 6epYTCH paCTHTeJIhHhIe 3JIeMeHTbI yrolI(eHHH Ha HHI\HBHi\Y-
aJIhHO HJIH KOJIJIeKTHBHO YCTpaHBaeMblX nHpax HapTOB, npH KOTO-
pblX OqeHh pei\KO yncwHHalOTCH 3epHOBble. Ho 3noc - He 3KOHOMH-
'4eCKHH TP3KT3T H He TpaKTaT no COI.lHOnOrHH HoI1H nOJIHTHKe. Cxe-
10 Kf. c. 182.
" Kr, c. 83-84.
165

Mhi CKa3aHHH He PBCCqHTaHbI Ha TO, llT06bI lI.BB3Tb HC':IepnbIBalO-
IIlHe n03HBHHH B 3THX 06naCTHX, OHH He HBJIHIOT C060H TOt:IHYIO
KonHIO JIikTBHTeJlhHoCTH: HanpHMep, BO BpeMeHa fepOJlOTa HapHJlY
co CKH<!JaMH-KO'leBHHKaMH cymecTBoBaJlH CKH<!JhI-naxapH, H, OJlHa-
KO, KOrJla B paCCKa3e 0 npOHCXO>KJleHHH nepe'lHCJlHIOTCH npeJ\Me-
ThI- CHMBOJlhl <!JYHKllHii, ynaBlliHe C He6a nepeJl ChlHOBhHMH TaprH-
TaH, TO TPeThlO <!JYHKllHIO 0603Ha'laeT JlHllih nJlyr C HpMOM: TO eCTb
TOJlhKO opYJlHe naXOThI; 3aTO B nepe'lHe nOTOMKOB ChlHOBeH TaprH'
TaH TY >Ke TpeThlO <!JYHKllHIO npeJlCTaBJlHIOT *Gaucarihra (KaTHa-
pOH, KOTHepH), CBH3aHHhle C *DrviisPya (TpacnHH) - HMeHa, no-
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'1TO CKa3aHHhlM 06 OXOTe H CKOTOBonCTBe ( 3) H OTTaJlKHBaHCh OT
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>KeCTBa H3.n.eJIHIOT pa3JIHllHbIMH LtapOBaHHHMH COC.r13HB. 0 rH6enH
HapTOB),- '1TO Ka>Ki\hlii H3 Tpex ponOB B 60JIhllieii HJIH MeHbllieii
CTeneHH YllacTByeT B BbIpalI1HBaHEH 3epHOBblX.
3BTO eCTb BeCKHe npH':IHHbI CBH3bIBaTb 3eMJIeLteJIHe B LleJIOM H
ero OCHOBHhle ycnexH C POi\OM, npeJ\CTaBJlHlOmHM TpeThlO <!JYHK-
llHIO,- EopaTa 60raThI CTlIJ\aMH: y nOKpOBHTeJlH 3epHOBhIX, Xor
(HJIH Xwar) ",Idar eCTh ChlH, HMH KOTOpOro Bur-Xor-Aly (Bur
Xwar Aly) - «AJIH 6yphlX 3epHoBhlx, ponHHT ero C EopaTa HJIH C
rJlaBHhlM B pony - Eypa<!JapHhlroM. EOJIee TOro, B "naMHTHH-
Kax.... (Bhln. III, c. 24) naeTCH npyroe HMA ero OTlla - Bur",!",r-
nyjy !yrt Bur-Xor Aly, H TaKHM 06pa30M Eypacj!apHhlr OTO>KJ\eCTB-
nHeTCH c nOKpOBHTe.r1eM 3epHOBbIX 13.
HaKOliell, lIenpaBoMeplio OTIiOCHTh nOKpOBHTeJIH 3epHoBhlx K
pOJ\Y AJIaraTa non TeM npenJIOrOM, '1TO B OJ\HOM 3nH30ne OH npo-
IIHKaeT B '1alliY HapTaMOllra, xpaHHMYIO 3THM pOnOM 14: BeJ\h OH
H.n.eT Ha -:ny XHTpOCTb 6e3 BeJI..OMa X03HeB, TOJIbKO OlI.Ha1K1tbl. tlTO-
6 hi. no.n.c,,'1YllIHB3Tb, H HMeHHO TorLta, Kor.n.a HacTynaeT MOMeHT
YCJIhllliaTh nOXBaJIh6y HapToB H BhlHBHTh TaKHM 06pa30M y6HiillY
CBoero cbIHa, K3KOBbIM, eCTeCTBeHHO, OKa3bIBaeTCH EaTpa3 - CHnb-
HeHlllHH H3 CHJJbHbIX, JIHllHbIH Bpar Bcex DopaTa H 60raTeHlllero H3
60raThlx, Eypa<!JapHhlra.
BblBO.a: AnaraTa H B C8MOM .u.ene po.u., HOCHTenb «30HlI.a» Hera
061I1eCTBeHHblx npOHBneHHH, 8 He po.n. ,,11O.n.eH. oc060 CBeJJ..yII..tHX 8
aeM,,1e.n.eJIHH; 3eMne.u.eJIHe B TOM cna60H CTeneHE, B KOTOpOH OHO
npe.n.cTaB,,'1eHo. npHcoBoKynJIHeTCH K CKOTOBO.u.CTBY KaK OAHO H3
.n.OCT05lHHH EopaTa.
f-i\a CMHT H Cnep6ep n03a6OTHJIHCb 06 Y3aKoHeHHH cBoero
npe.anpHHTH5I, CLleJl3B cJIe.n.YlOlI1ee npHHUHnH8nbHoe 38HBJIeHHe:
12 CM. BbllllC, c 147-148.
.. A6aeB, H3C05J, I, c. 273-274.
.f CM. HU>Ke, c. 177.
166
TOT 4JaKT. tITO JI.O cero BpeMeHH KpHTHKa Illa,lI,HJIa H,,1H
npocTO 06XOnHJIa CTOpolloii Tpynhl JJ:IOMe3HJIH, OT'IaCTH 06.,,-
HCHAeTCH rpoManHoii 3pYJ\HllHeii aBTol?a, oc06ellHo B 06JIaCTH
HHJLOeBpOneHcKoH .apeBHocTH, B KOTOpOH 3THonorH pe.n.Ko KO-
r Aa KOMneTeHTHbI. 11 Bce >Ke np06,,1eM3, CTOH1I13H nepe.u. Ha-
MH, lie lIenpHBhI'IlIa: MhI 3HaeM 0 Tp06pHaHax TOJIbKO H3 pa-
60T MaJIHHOBcKoro, 0 THKonHiillax - TOJIhKo H3 pa60T <1>HpTa,
Ho 3TO He MeIlJaeT HaM HH nOnb30B3TbCH aHaJIH30M 3THX aB-
TOpOB. HH ocnapHBaTb era - He Ha OCHOBaHHH .u.3HHbIX, no-
'1epnHYThlX B i\pyroM MeCTe, HO 6JIarOJ\apH TOMY, '1TO B rYMa-
HHTapHblX HaYKax ,aaHHbIe HHKOf.u.a He BTHCKHBaIOTC5I B paM-
KH aH8JIH33 H Moryr paSHO nOCJIY.H<HTb ero onpOBep>KeHHIO,
H60 B peMeC,,'10 aHTpOnOJIOra BXO.n.HT QYTKoe OTHollleHHe K
onpe.u.eJIeHHOH BHYTpeHHeH CTpOHHOCTH, H3,,'10>KeHHe Toro, ':ITO
YCT8HOBJIeHO TBep.ao. tIro rHnOTeTHqHO H ':ITO cOMHHTe,,1bHo. H
HcnoJIb30BaHHe Bcero 3TOfO B TOM BH.u.e. B KaKOM OHO eCTb.
He >KeJIaH OCTaBJIHTb HH MaJIeHllJerO nOBo.u.a K COMHeHHlO,
npH6aBHM: H3 Bcex pa306paHHhlx JJ:IOMe3HJIeM MaTepHaJIOB
Te, KOTopble MhI c06HpaeMcH nepeCMOTpeTh, 6JIH>Ke Bcero K
KOMneTeHUHH 3THOJIOfOB, nOCKOJIbKY .u.eno KacaeTCH 3nH':IeCKHX
cKa3allHii 0 repoHx HapTax, cKa3aHHii, KOTophle eme HenaBHO
nepe.u.aBaJIHCb KaBKa3UaMH-oceTHHaMH H3YCTHO. TaK BOT, Kor-
.u.a nbITaelllbCH COCTaBHTb CY>K.u.eHHe 0 ueHTpaJIbHOM OTKpbI-
THH JJ:IOMe3HJIA, TO npe>Kne Bcero npe,IJ.CTaBJIHIOTCH np06JIe-
MaTH':IHbIMH BbIBO.abI. e.u.eJIaHHbIe HM H3 3THX CK83aHHH.
KaK Mile YTelliHTh Tp06pHaH H THKonHiilleB? Pa3Be '1TO 3aBe-
pHTb HX B CBoeH CHMoaTHH... 1.}TO >Ke KacaeTeH oceTHH, TO MbI BH-
lI.eJIH no BbICKa3bIBaHHHM 06 HX 3noce, K ':IeMY npHBo,aHT TaKoro
po.u.a KOHTpOJIb H «HcnOJIb30BaHHe». 51 6bI H Bnpe.u.b MOn'48n no
nOBo.n.y 3THX npOCqeTOB, eCJIH 6bI HX He CTanH opeB03HOCHTb B
Ecole KaK npHMep lIaJ\e>Klloro H nJIOnOTBOpliOro nOJ\xoJ\a: 06 3TOM
HeJI.aBHO C '4YBCTBOM BbICKa3bIBaJICH Mapee,,'1b LleTbeH B HatIane
eBoeH - KCTaTH, npHBJIeKaTeJIbHOH - KHHfH, B KOTOpOH OH TOT >Ke
MeTOn npHMeliHeT K fpellHH, HO C JIY'lllieii OCBenOMJIeHHOCThlO 15.
...Obep CMHT H JJ:3H Cnep6ep nOKa3aJIH, '1TO C TO'lKH 3pe-
HHA CTPYKTypliOro allaJIH3a MHcj!hI npeJlCTaBJIHIOT c060ii He
TOJIbKO KJIaCCH<!JHKallHH, He TOJIbKO pe'lb 0 JIOrHKe npeJ\JIO>Ke-
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BpeMH HeKoe 3HaHHe 0 KaTeropHHX H 0 MHpe.
Ecole 6h1 CJIe,IJ.OBaJIO 6h1Tb pa360p'lHBee npH Bhl60pe KaIiOIlH'Ie-
CKHX nHeaHHH.
16 Dionysos mis .a mort, 1977, c. 31 H npHMeIJ. 11.

XIV. EEPEMEHHOCTb XAMbIUA 11 HE.D:Yf YJIAJJ.OB
XOTH 6.0JIe3Hh XaMhlQa H ee npHqHHa - oCKop6JIeHHe CBepX'heC-
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MHHalOT 0 HeJjyre 'mapeeB Hero npHqHHe - OCKop6JIeHHH A4>POJjH-
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eT Bne1.JaTJIeHHe, liTO .:moc. CBo601I.HbIH B pa3BHTHH .u.eHCT8HH.
JjOBepIllHJI KapTHHY, KOTopaH Y CKH4>OB CYlI(eCTBOBaJIa JIHIllh B 3CKH-
ae. .n.a H He Morna CYlI1eCTBOBaTh HH3qe: «>KeHCKaH t)one3Hb» Xa-
MbIu.a - He KOHeu., a HaqanO .u.eikTBHH, 3TO 6epeMeHHOCTb, nOJl.ro-
TaBJIHBalO1I13H TO rnaBHoe, qTO SHapeH 6bUIH He B COCTOHHHH CO-:"
HepIllHTh,- p0}/{JjeHHe CTaJIhHoro repOH. B03MO}/{HO, npOH30lUen
cnaB Tpex TeM: 3HapeH (B3HTa H3 onhlTa); 3apOJjhlIll, nepeHeceH-
HhlH B TeJIO OTQa (MaJIeHhKaH JjpaMa, BCTpeqalOlI(aHeH H B JjPyrHx
NH4>oJIorHHX, HaqHHaH C rpeqeCKOH); HaKOHeQ, TeMa. KOTOpylO MO}/{-
HO HKpaTQe Ha3BaTh p0}/{JjeHHeM A4>HHhI: BeJjh, nOJj06HO :nOH BO-
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eTCH He OT MaTepH, OH npOXOJjHT cooe BHYTPHYTp06Hoe pa3BHTHe
MeJIU!Y JIonnOK HJIH B qepene JjOCTOCJIaBHoro MY.>Ka. 51 6hl Jja}/{e
J!.onY<;:THJI, qTO COqeTaHHe J!.BYX nOCJIeJjHHX TeM - a OHH 06e nOJj-
XOJjHT BOHHcTBeHHoMY H rp03HoMY nepCOHa}/{y - npOH30IllJIO y}/{e
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8ocnoMHHaHHH 0 HHX. O.lI.HaKO He.lI.aBHO MbI nOJIY1.JHnH BeCKoe OCHO-
HaHHe He paCqJIeHHTh TaKHM 06pa30M JIereHJ!.Y.
B 1934 r. )l(03e4> BaHJjpHec HCTOJIKOBaJI 60JIe3Hh 3HapeeB co-
BceM HH31.Je I, Ht eCJlH 6bl era o6DHcHeHHe QK83anOCb npHeMneMblM,
OHO MOrJIO 6h1 6h1Th pacnpOCTpaHeHO Ha 6epeMeHHOCTh XaMhlQa.
no MHeHHIO BaHJjpHeca, fepOJjOT, J!.OJI}/{HO 6hlTh, nJIOXO nOHHJI. Ha
caMOM JjeJIe pe%, BepOHTHO, urJIa 0 KYBaile, TO eCTh 06 OqeHh pac-
npocTpaHeHHoM 06bItIae, KOTOpbIH COCTOHT B TOM, tITO, KOr.lI.a >KeH-
lI(HHa pO}/{aeT H B nOCJIeJlYIOlI(He JjHH, OTeQ pe6eHKa CHMYJIHpyer
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KYIOlI(erO, B03MO}/{Hhle K03HH 3JIhlX JjYXOB H KOJIJjYHOB.
I <La couvade chez les Scythes:. - CRAIBL, 1934, c. 329-339.
168
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pHec npeJjJIO}/{HJI HHTepeCHOe conOCTaBJIeHHe, 60JIee HHTepecHoe
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HHKOMY HH CJIOBa, OHa YMeJIO B3HaCh 3a pa60TY JjOMa H H3
CKOTHOM JjBope; 06pa3QOBaH X03HHKa, lI(eilPO HaJjeJIHBIllaH J1e-
TeH H CJIyr nHlI(eH H OJjeJlU!OH, OHa OCTaJIaCh }/{HTh C I<PYH-
HHYKOM. LJepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMH OHa 3a6epeMeHeJIa, H CpOK
pa3peIlleHHH HacTynHJI Torila, KorJja COCTOIIJIOCh BeJIHKOe CO-
6paHHe YJIaJjOB; Ka>K.!\hlH yJIaJj JjOJI}/{eH 6hlJI npHCYTCTOOBaTh
Ha 3TOM C06p8HHH, eCJIH TOJIbKO ero He Y.D.p>KHB8nO '4TO-TO
OqeHh Ba}/{HOe, KaK }/{eHY I<PYHHHYKa. I<pecThHHHH, CTaJIO
6hlTh, c06HpaeTCH nOHTH rYJja OJjHH. B MOMeHT ero OT'he3Jja
>KeHa cOBeTyeT eMY He rOBopHTb HeOCTopOH<HblX cnOB.
(B JjPyroM BapHaHTe MOJIOJjaH IKeHlI(HHa 3anpelI(aeT MY}/{Y
rOBopHTb 0 HeM Ha npa3lI.HHKe; ecJIH OH OC.r1YIll8eTcH. OHa BbI.-
2 «Romania», 90, 1969 (CM. Bblwe, lUfT. CT.), c. 307-308
s fpHcBap H3naraeT paccKa3 no Ilepea?.ny D.'Ap6ya Jl.e )l(1063HBHJlJlfI Cours
de litterature ce1tique», 5 (L'epopee celtlque en Irlande)>>, 1892. c. 320-325.
.D.pyroH nepeBOJl. eM. B MOe" IR 607-610.
169

"YJK.'\eHa uy-'\eT cro nOKHHYTb.) Kor.'\a Ha HrpH!l\ax KOJIeCHH-
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Bce Mo,%6bl 6eJ\HOH JKeH!l\HHbI, KOTopaH yJKe '1YBCTBOBaJIa
npH6..1HH<eHHC CXBaTOR H npOCHJIa OTCp01.JHTh CUCTfl.3aHHe.
He BHMMaR HM ee MOJIb6aM, HH ee npoKnHTHHM. BJIaCTHTe,,'1b
H 3pHTC..1H nO.iI.8IOT 3HaK K HaqaJIY 6era. Maxa no6C>K.lI.acT.
HO, D,06eJK3B D,O ueJIH, OHa npOH3BO.lI.HT HB CBeT .lI.BYX 6JIH3He-
UOB. 11 BO BpeMH POJ\OB OHa HCOYCKaeT TaKOH KPHK, '1TO
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B TOM, "TO Maxa 6b1JIa 4'eeH, J\O'lepblO CTpaHHoro, CblHa
OKeaHa. H H31lHH8H C Toro caMora ,lI,HH Bce BOHHbI 6bIJIH
06peQeHbl Ha TO. IIT06bI pa3 B >KH3HH B TeqeHHe DRIM .lI.HeH H
'1eTblpeX HO'leH TepneTb pOJ\OBble MYKH. 11 KorJ\a MeJ\6 3a-
XBaTHJIa Y JIbCTep, '1T06bl 3aBJIIJ)J.eTb 6b1KOM H3 KyaJIHre, Bce
)KHTeJIH My.m:CKoro nOJIa JIe>KaJIH B nOCTenH, nOBep>KeHHbIe
CBoeH J\eBHTepH"HOH 60JIe3HblO, KpOMe KYXYJIHHa, KOTOpblH
BblHY>KJ1..CH 6blJI 011.HH npOTHBOCTOHTb 3aXBaTlIHKY.
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npe.n.CTaBJleHa, TO CCIb B IOH 4JopMe, B KaKOH OHa coxpaHH-
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TOJIhKO a posteriori, Y>Ke nOCJIe n06e.n.bl MOJIO.n.OH >KeHll1HhI
Ha cocTR3aHHH, OHO npe.lI.CTaBJIfieTCH HaM 06OCHOBaHHhlM...
XOTfi H lie 6bI.rIO TaKOBblM, nOTOMY tITO /1..0 Tex nop B TeKCTe
He 6bWO H HaMeKa Ha 4'eepH'IeCKHH xapaKTep nepCOHaJKa.
3TH HeficHoCTH pacceHBaeT HaprOBCKoe CKa3aHHe. H .lI.JIH Hac
OHO reM 60..'1ee mnepecHo, 1.JTO nOBecTByeT 0 pO>K.lI.eHHH caMO-
ra 5aTpa3a.
3J\ecb rpHcBap H3JIaraeT UHTHpOBaHHblH HaMH BblllJe BapHaHT
(c. 214-216)'_, oceTHHCKoro CKa3aHHH H npoJ\OJIJKaeT 4 .
l'b conOCTaBJIeHHH .n.BYx TeKCTOB Mbl MO>KeM 3aKJII01.JHTb.
1.JTO B nepBH1.JHO'ii BepcHH M3xa. KaK H MaTh BaTpa3a, Bepo-
HTHO, TaKJKe HMeJIa !l.BOHHoe 06JIHt:lhe, eCJIH He .lI.BoikTBeHHYIO
npHpOJ\Y: H 6bICTpOHoroe JKHBOTHoe (3aHU, JlaHb, np.), H B
TO >Ke BpeMfi 1.JeJIOBe1.JeCKOe CYlI1eCTBO (HJIH 60.>KeCTBO BO nJIO-
3;) I1MeeTcH B BHJl.y BapHaHT, 3anHcaHHhlH r. lllaHaeBhlM, (CCKr, IX, 2, 1876,
c. 1-9). B HaCT. H3Jl. c. 212-218 onyllteHhl: Ha HHX aBTop nOlJTOpHeT Ii pa3BHBaeT
MbilCJIH, H3JIO>KeHHble HM no 3TOMy nOBollY B CTaTbe 1946 r. «CKHcKHe 3HapeH
H 6epeMeHHocTb HapTa XaMhlua» - CM.: «OCeTHHCKHH 3noc Ii MIi0J10rHH».
C 132-137 (npUMe'l.. nep.).
.. lI.HT. CT., c. 308.
TH). 3THM 06"bHCHHIOTCH ee COHeTbI MYJKY 6bITb OCTOpOJKHblM
Hero HeYMeCTHble BblCK83b1BaHHfI.
B OD.HOM H3 BapH8HTOB CKa3aHHH H<eH3 X8MbIIJ,a .n.HeM
>KHBeT B KO>Ke JIfl.rYlllKH, a H01.JhlO c6paCblBaer ee. OltHa>K.lI.bI,
KOrJ!a XaMbIU OTnpaBJIHeTCH Ha c06paHHe HapTOB, OH KJIaJ\eT
B KapMaH JKeHY, He 06pa!l\aH BHHMallHH Ha ee npeJ\ynpeIKJ\e-
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.aOl.1b H..1M BHY4Ka 60ra MOpH B CHJIY T3HHCTBeHHoro CTe1.JeHHH
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npOHBJlHeT ce6H 06pa3UOBOH «X03HHKOH !l.OMa». OTJIHt:laeTCH
lI1e.apOCTblO - Bn..l0rb .lI0 TorO .n.HH, Kor.a3. 6epeMeHHaH, Olla
H3-38 HCOCTOpOJKHOCTH MY>Ka no.n.BepraeTCfI oCKop6..1eHHIO B
CBfl3H C ee «Me1103HHOBbIM» no..10>KeHHeM Ii BbIHY}K.n.eHa B03-
JIO>KHTb 113 O.lI.HO HJIH HeCKoJIbKHX JIHU MY}KCKOrO DOJla Tflro-
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KpenJIHeTCH CCblJ1KaMH Ha .n.pyrHe HCTOt:lHHKH. a HMeHHO: re-
POJ\OT, 4, 67; rHnnoKpaT. 0 B03J\yxe, BOJ\e H MeCTHOCTH, 22;
«HHKoMaxoBa 3THKa», 7, 7.
«B rJIaBe 105 nepBoH KIIHrH repoJ\oTa CKa3aHO, '1TO CKH
4JbI BO BpeMH CBoero n06e.n.oHoeHoro mecrBHH no MaJIoH
A3HH B3HnH CHpHikKHH ropo.lI. ACKa..10H H ocraBH..1H ero, He
npH1.JHHHB YlI1ep6a, KpOMe Toro, liTO neCKOJIbKO OTCTaBlllHX
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npeJ\CT8BJIHeT CBoero pOJ\a 3THorpa4'H'IeCKOe J\onOJIHeHHe K
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KOHHoe paBHOBeeHe Me>K.n.y HpJI3H.lICKHM paCCKa30M H KaB-
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Tpex Max, Ta, KOTOpaH B npoTHBoBec npopo'lHlle H BOHTeJIbHHlle
JJ.apHT H306HJIHe H npeJJ.CTaBnHeT nnOJJ.OBHTOe MaTepHHcTBO". B03-
MO}/{HO, 3THM om,HcHHeTcH rnaBHoe paCXO}/{JJ.eHHe Me}/{JJ.Y JJ.BYMII
paccKa3aMH: Y oceTHH oCKop6neHHaH }/{eHII(HHa. npe}/{JJ.e '1eM HC-
'Ile3HYTb, nepenpaBnHeT 3apo.u.bllll B TeJIO CBoero repoH-MY>Ka H TeM
caMbIM Ha.u.enHeT ero «>KeHCKOH 60JIe3HblO» B BH.u.e 6epeMeHHocTH H
pOJJ.OB; Y HpnaHJJ.lleB oCKop6neHHaH }/{eHII(HHa caMa JJ.OBOJJ.HT CBOIO
(jepMeHHocTb JJ.O JJ.paMaTH'IeCKOrO pa3pemeHHH H HaJJ.enHeT c:}/{eH-
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, CM. c. 64-70 H c. 95-97
CTO :HeBtrio de Macha», 146. 1954, c. 5-17; TO 1Ke, paCCMOTpeHHoe C HHOH
197 P 3 . M3 ) , I , c. 602-612 (BO MHorOM ynYIlll1eHO BO BTOpOM H3113I1HW M3
, Te 1Ke c. . . .
BOJ1l1lEEHbIH COCYJI.
Ha 6011bUlUX nUpaX-B0311URIiURX, KOTopbte 3aoaeT OllR HapTOB
poa nepBoi1 <PYIiKlfUU, <PU2ypupyeT BOllU1E6IibIU cocya UllU BOllUle6-
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nOaTBep:Jl£Oan nOaBU2U, KOTOpbtMU nOo"epealiO XBaCTUIOTCR npu:
2.1lameHHbte. Cocya 3TOT, HeCOMHeHHO. BeaeT CBoe Hafia.110 OT TOU
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Y"'e rpe3>JT peBHHTeJJH Ke,TbTCKHX Tpai\HUHii I (4, 66):
Pa3 B ro,J. K3.m:.D.blH npaBHTeJIb B CHoeM oKpyre npHroToB-
.."IHeT cocy.n. ,lI,JI5I CMeliIeHHH BHHa. 113 ::noro cocy.u.a nbfOT
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Hee Bcero. HanpOTHB. BeeM TeM, KTO YMepTBHJI MHoro spa-
rOB, nOflHOCHT no .aHa Ky6Ka, H Te BblIlHBalOT HX pa30M.
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1.JTO H «cretera», HO HHoro Ha3HatIeHHH; 6bIJIO 6hI B caMOM .lI.e..1e
CTpaHHO, eC..'1H 6bI Ha c06paHHH BOHHOB CTaJIH pa36aBJIHTh BO.lI.OH
HanHTOK cnaSbI, BHHO (no-cKH4JCKH alX\la-, nO-OC€THHCKH srenre) ,
npe.lI.Ha3Ha lleHHe KOToporo - nhH HHTh.
B nocJJei\Heii <!Jpa3e repOi\OTa KpaCKH CHJJbHO crYlI1eHbI. BHi\H-
MO, CJIe.lI.yeT nOHHMaTh TaK, 1.J:TO Y.lI.OCTOHBIlIHHC5I ynoM5IHYTOH tIeCTH
i\ep",aJJ i\Ba (aovtuo) Ky6Ka, no Oi\HOMY B Ka"'i\oii PYKe, eCJJH TOJJb-
KO .lI.JIH :Horo CJIYllaH He H3fOTOB..1H..13Cb napa COelI.HHeHHhIX ltpyr c
.lI.pyroM Ky6KOB. KOTopbIe nhlOIUHH OnOp0>KH5I..'1 B CTO..'1h 6hICTpOH no-
I 0 HapTaMoHra. KeJlbTCKHX Ky6K8X H KOTJl8X, 'lame fpaaJlH CM.: IOMK, I,
1941, c. 228.
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06pa30M, MeIKi\Y JJIOi\bMH HepapXHIO.
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3TY n0l1€THYIO 1.J:aliIY KaK npe.lI.IlI€CTBeHHHUY Bo..'111Ie6HOro npe.lI. Me -
Ta - 6o,1bllloro cocYi\a HJJH 60JJbllloii qalllH, KOTOpa" <!JHrypHpyeT
B HapTOBCKHX CKa3aHH"X: Nart-amongre (Narty-amongre). HJJH
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XOM), TO eCTb nOqTH qTO fatum - «TO, qTO 6b1JJO (no-peJJHrH03HO-
MY) npei\Bell1eHO (xopolllero)>> 4.
CJJOBO amond Mo",eT OTHOCHTbC>J K 6Yi\Yll1eMY, npei\Bell1 aTb
C'4aCTJIHBble H..1H H€CllaCTHbI€ C06blTHH (H3 1.JefO MO>KHO 3aKJ1I01.IHTh,
qTQ npei\KH oceTHH 3HaJJH nOH"THe pOKa, npei\HaqepTaHH>J), HO
AMOHra Be.lI.aeT JIHlllb CB€plllHBliIeeC5I H TO..'1hKO YlI.OCTOB€pHeT CBO-
HM CBepX'beCTeCTB€HHbIM nOBe.lI.eHHeM, HaCKOJIbKO TO'4eH 06'bHBneH-
HbIH C3MHM qeJIOBeKOM HTor. 11. BepOHTHO, TOT >Ke, JIHlllh CJIerKa
H3MeHeHHbIH KopeHh C TeM >K€ 3Ha1.IeHHeM CO.lI.ep>KHTCH B HMeHH
npHBpaTHHKa TOro CBeTa, AMHHOHa, KOTOpbIii i\OnpalllHBaeT HOBO-
npH6b1BIlIHX H, eCJJH OH" roBOp>JT npaBi\Y, BnYCKaeT HX B uapCTB
oceTHHCKoro rai\eCa, oapaCTblpa, a eCJJH JJrYT - 6beT HX KpOBaBOH
n3nKOH.
3THMOJIOrH5I AMOHra 06H3bIB3eT C'4HT3Tb OCHOBHbIM TO 3H34€-
HHe 3Toro CJIOB3, B KOTOpOM OHO 1.J31I1e Bcero BCTpetIaeTCH B H3P-
TOBCKHX CK333HHHX: tIa1ll3 nO.lI.3eT 3H3MeHHe H TeM C3MbIM ..'1H60
nO.lI.TBep>KlI.3eT 33HBneHHH HapTOB OTHOCHTeJIbHO cOBepllleHHbIx
HMH nO.lI.BHfOB, JIH60 p3306JI3'43eT JI>KHBOCTh 3TH X 33HBJIeHHiL Ho
nOi\06H1>1H npei\MeT nOi\Bep",eH nepeOCMbICJJeHH>JM - HX He H36erJJa
H qallla AMOHra. B 1962 r. no Moeii npocb6e K. E. rarKaeB npo-
2 r IIITeii:H (1856) nepellaeT avtuo "X.uAt"X.ao; KaK «singuli bina pocuJa»,
a op.ou -«aus beiden auf einmab.-R. W. Macan (1895): «The statement cannot
be accepted quite literally. Could the meaning be that the drinkers in ques!ion
have cups twice as big as those of the others, which are filled and emptied Just
as often?».
3 «t.jepTbI CTapllHbI...»-)KMHn. aBryCT 1882, c. 162-163.
. B. H. AvaeB, H3C05J, CM. amood, amooyo (I. 1958, Co 51, 52).
175

CMOTpeJI <!JOJIbK.10pHble apXHBbI r. JJ:3aYi\>KHKay H npHCJIaJI MHe
T3KOH OTIJeT.
AMOHra - HHOri\a npOCTO 'lallJa, KOTOpylO nOi\HHMaJIH Ha
TIHpaX, npOH3HOC5I TOCTbI. B HeKOTopbIX BapH8HTax 3TO 60Jlh-
111851 nOCYLtHH3, Bcer.a3 HanO.r1HeHH3R JIYQIllHMH HaOHTK3MH;
KOf.a3 co.aep>KHMOe HCCRKa.no. GHa HeH3BeCTHbIM 06pa30M
HanOJIHHJl3Cb C3M3 no ce6e. TaK t:lTG HapTbI HHKor.n.a He OCTa-
B3JIHCb 6e3 qy.n.eCHoro HanHTKa.
B i\PyrHx CJIyqaHX AMOHra - KOBllJ (oceT. kwysy) C ceMblO
oTMeTHHaMH. 06bltIHO HHKTO. KpOMe XaMblua, He Mor ono-
pOJKHHTb erG 60..1hllle qeM Ha TP" .aeJIeHHH. HapTbI nOJIh30-
Ba,,'1HCb HM TOJIhKO caMH H nOK33bIB3JIH erG JIHlllb TeM Koro
CtIHT8JIH ce6e paBHbIMH. .
HapTbI KJIHJIHCb HMeHeM cBoeH AMoHra (xordtoj ard-
«eJIH KJIHTBY»), n03ToMY ee HHOri\a Ha3b1BaIOT Ardamongre-
«BbIHBHTeJIhHHua K..1HTBbI». KOf.a3 OHH COMHeBanHCb B qbliX-
JIH60 CJIOB3X, OHH npHfJI31113JIH era BbITIHTh H3 AMoHra H
eCJIH petIb rOBopHBlllero 6blJI3 npaB.lUIB3. OH BblnHBan coiep
>KHMOe .lI.o .D.Ha. ecn" >Ke OH JIran - >KH)},KOCTh BCKHnana H ne-
pe,,'1HBaJIaCb tIepe3 Kpaii.
I.JallIeH AMoHra nOJIb30Ba,,1HCb Ha nonoHKax, r.lI.e co6Hpa-
JIOCb ,,1H60 HeCKonhKO BeJIHKHX repoeB, nH60 BeCb HapToBcKHH
HapO.lI. H Ha KOTOpbIX npOHCXO.D;HJIH «COCTH3aHHH B paccKa3ax
o IlOi\BHrax». Kori\a paccKa3 6b1BaJI npaBi\HB, >KII)J.KOCTb no!\-
HHManaCh H nepeJIHBaJlaCb l1epe3 KpaH, KOr.lI.a >Ke OH 6bIBaJI
JI}KHB, HHqerO He npOHCXO,lIHJIO.
CJIyqaeTCH, qTO AMOHra BblHOCHT CBOH npHroBop H HHbIM 06pa-
30M. BOT Oi\HH H3 cnoc060B, ynoMHHYTblH B TOM BapHaHTe «HapTbI
Ka,lJJ1,>KbITre», r.lI.e EaTpa3 nOXBaJIHeTCH nOOl1epe.nHo TpeMH nO.lI.BH-
raMH H Bce TPH pa3a - npaBflHBO 5:
Koma Bce KOHqHJIH rOBopHTb, EaTpa3 BCTaJI H nocTyqaJI
KHYTOBHweM no Yau.aMoHra: «EbIJI 51 Ha OXOTe, Illen B.lI.OJIb
ropHoro CKJIOHa H BeqepOM y6HJI ceMepblX i\yaroB. ECJIH II
roBOplO npaBi\Y, nOi\HHMHCb Ha KOJIeHO K OTUY MoeMY XaMbI-
uy!» Yau.aMoHra nO.D.HHJIaCb C nona H onYCTHnaCh Ha KoneHO
XaMblua. nOCTyqaJI EaTpa3 BTOpOH pa3 KHYTOBHlueM no
YauaMOHra: «llleJI H Bi\OJIb i\PYroro ropHoro CKJIOHa H H3
YTpeHHHX !lyaroB y6HJI ceMepblX. ECJIH H rOBoplO npaBi\Y-
nO.lI.HHMHCb .lI.0 DOHca XaMhIua:t. YallaMOHra nO.lI.HHJIaCb C
KOJIeHa XaMblua i\0 ero nOHca... EaTpa3 B TpeTHH pa3 nocTY-
qaJI no YauaMoHra H CKa3aJI elUe YBepeHHeH: «WeJI H Hi\OJIb
TpeTbero ropHOro CK.10Ha H y6HJI ceMepblx EJIHa H ceMepblx
MblKaJIra6b1pTa. Y6H.1 H H Eypxop-AJIH, CblHa XJIe6Horo
aJIi\apa. ECJIH H rOBoplO npaHi\Y - nOi\HHMHCb K YCTaM OTua
Moero XaMbIu.a». Y au.aMOHra nO.D.HHJIaCb K YCTaM XaMbIu.a...
, Kr, c. 207-208; JlH, N, 16, c. 58-59 (Be. MHnnep, 03. I, 3, c 149).
17"
C,yqaeTCH i\a>Ke, qTO AMoHra npH3BaHa 6b1Tb CYi\bn Ha i\Py-
rHX cocTH3aHHHx. Ha O.D.HOM H3 BeJIHKHX 6p3>KHHtIaHHH B .nOMe
AJIaraTa Me>Ki\Y COCpblKO H 4eJIaXCapTaroM, CblHOM XH3a, BcnbI-
XHBaeT ccopa. OHH 6blOTCH 06 3aKJIa.lI.: BbIHrpaeT TOT, KTO cnnH-
llleT ,,1yqIlle. OHH nJIHIllYT Ha nony, Ha KpalO CTOJIa, 3aTeM Ha QCT-
pHHX MeqeH. HO HH O.lI.HH He n06e>K.lI.aeT 6.
Tori\a AJIaraTa BblHeCJIH 3HaMeHHTYlO qeTblpexyroJIbHYIO
qallJY HapTOB - HapTaMOHra. CHPi\OH HanOJIHHJI ee pa3HblMH
HanHTK3MH, 3MeHMH. HllI,epHuaMH, JIfl:rYIllKaMH. tIeM nonano.
AJIaraT3 CKa3aJIH: «TOT, KTO cnJIHllIeT C AMoHra Ha roJIOBe H
HHqerO He npOJIbeT, TOT XOpOIllHH TaHU.OP, KTO >Ke CKonbKO-
HH6Yi\b npO.'beT, TOT HeBa>KHO TaHuyeT!» COCpblKO npOTaHu e -
BaJI H nOnpOJIHBaJI H3 l1aIllH. I.JeJIaXCapTar >Ke. TaHU.YH. BbI-
TaCKHBaJI H3 qallJH TO HlUepHUY, TO 3MeIO H Yi\apHJI HMH 0
rpYi\b COCpblKO. Kori\a OH KOHqHJI nJIHCaTb, TO CKa3aJI Hap-
TaM: «BbI CKa>KeTe npaBi\Y HJIH n060HTeCb? KTO cnJIHCaJI
JIyqllJe?» HapTbI CKa3aJIH: «COCpblKO TaHueBaJI XOpOllJO, HO
TbI ewe ,,'1yqllle».
ECJIH 06paTHTbCH K TeKCTY fepOi\OTa, MO>KHO HHi\eTb, B qeM
CI<a3aHHe OTKJIOHHJIOCb..OT npaKTHKH:
L 4allJa H Ky60K, npaBo oTBei\aTb H nHTb H3 HHX 6b1JIH Ha
nepBhIx nopax JIHIllh nOqeCThlO; >KeJIaHHe YtIaCTBOBaTb B 3TOM 6bIJIO
3aHBKOH, ocnapHBaTb npaBOMepHOCTh KOTOpOH Mor nHlllh crJIac
HapOi\a» JIH60 HOMapx. HanpOTHB TOro, AMoHra caMa 06JIai\aeT
'4Y.lI.eeHbIM MorywecTBoM H caMa BbIfl.BnHeT nO>Kb H npaB.lI.Y. u
2. Bo BpeMH CKH<!JCKHX nonoeK He 6bIJIO HBHblX COCTH3aHHH, 6b1-
JIa JIHllJb Y>Ke YCTaHOBHBllJaHCH TpexCTyneHqaTaH HepapXHII: co06-
pa3HO c TeM, CKOJIhKO BOHH y6HJI BparOB - HH O.lI.Horo. Mano HnH
MHoro - OH ,,'1H60 He nHn BOBce, JIH60 nHn O.nHH Ky60K HnH .lI.Ba
cpa3Y: B HapToBCKHX CKa3aHHHX .lI.06aBJIflIOT COCTH3aHHH MeH<-
.lI.Y OT.lI.eJIbHbIMH llHllaMH - HHor.na >KeCTOKHe - JI.JIH Toro, '4To6bI
BhIHBHTb He «xopornero», a «nytIlllero».
CJIe.lI.OBaTeJIbHO, B 3TH X .lI.BYX OTHOllleHHHX 3noe, r.lI.e .lI.aeTCH
npocTOp Boo6pa>KeHHIO, npeB30llJeJI 06b1qaH. Ho CMbICJI 06b1qaH, i\e-
KOpaU HH , KOTopble eMY 'ConYTCTBOBaJIH, COXpHHJIHCb: nOi\06HO TO-
MY KaK HOMapx eJKerOi\HO YCTpaHBaJI nonOHKH C yqaCTHeM Bcex
BOHHOB BKJIlOtIaH Tex KTO .lI.OJI>KeH 6bIn «CH1I.eTb nOO.lI.anb». H60 He
COBepH"1 nO.lI.BHra, H' B moce He po.lI. BOHHOB, He AxcapTarKaTa 33-
!lalOT npa3i\HeCTBO, a pOi\ MYi\pblX, AJIaraTa - HapTbI nepBoii
<!JyHKU HH 7. 3Ta 06!13aHHOCTb H TOT <!JaKT, qTO qallJa AMoHra xpa-
HHTCH Y HHX, CTaBHT HX B nOJIO>KeHHe HOMapxoB: y HapTOB, Ha Bce.
06lUHX IlHpax, KYi\a CTeKalOTcH Bce TpH pOi\a, nHpbl, KOTOpble 3a-
MeHHIOT 1I.JIH HHX oTnpaBJIeHHe «HaUHOHaJIbHoro» KynbTa.- He 6y-
}leM 3a6hIB3Tb. tITO KYB.lI. O.D.HOBpeMeHHO 03HaqaeT H «MonHTBY» H
6 JlH, N, 25, c. 96 (113. lllaHaeD, CCKr, 5, 2, 1871, c. 5-6).
1 CM. c. 162.
10 ".;I"... 77<'1
177

«nHp» - rOCTeil npHHHMalOT AJIaraTa, OIlH >Ke PYKOBOJJ.HT COCTH3a_
HHHMH. pe1ll31OT. B qeM LtOJI>KHbI COCTOHTb HCnbIT3HHH H KaKOBLI
JJ.OJI>KllbI 6b1Th npaBHJIa.
I( TOMY >Ke B03MO>KHO, '1TO H BO BpeMeHa fepOJJ.OT3 :moc, CK3_
3aHHe MOrJIH nOBeJJ.aTh 06 3THX compotationes, paBII0311a'lllblx
census, MHoro TaKora, lIeI'o HCTOpHK, 06pa1I13BlllHH BHHMaHHe JIHllib
H3 06bP:l3H, He OTMeTHJI. BcnOMHHM. K3K HHLt.pa 33BJI3Lt.eJI COMO",
K3K OLt.HHH 3anonY1.JHJI XMeJIb n033HH; BcnOMHHTb 06 3TOM eCTb
TeM 60JIbllle OCHOB3HHH, 1.JTO HapH.n.y c AMoHra B HHbIX TeKCTax
rOBopHTCH 0 CKOTJIe», 33TeM 0 «KOBllle» HapToB - HX EaTpa3 3a
BoeBbIBaeT TeMH >Ke npaB.lI.HBbIMH CnGBaMH, TOM >Ke 33KOHHOH no-
XBaJIh60il, KOTophIe B llllTHpoBallilOM BhIlIIe TeKCTe BhIHYJJ.HJIH AMOH-
fa n01I.HHTbCH 8.
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BOCnOJIb30B3TbCH. TO tIaCTO B03HHKaJIH CCOpbI. TOf.u.3 OHH pe-
lllHJIH OTL!l3Tb ero B nOJIHYIO co6CTBeHHOCTb TOMY CpeLt.H ARX.
KTO CYMeeT BCKHnHTHTb TaM BOLty 6e3 OfHH, O.lI.HHMH CnGBaMH.
OIlH C06paJIHCh, lIanOJIHHJIH KoTeJI JIhJJ.OM H C YTpa JJ.O Be'lepa
nblTanHCh COTBOpHTh tIY.lI.O.
Bce TepnHT HeYJJ.a'lY. nOHBJIHeTCH oaTpa3, 06"hHBJIHeT, '1TO
y6HJI ceMepblX YallHJIJIa, 3aTeM ceMephIX YaCThIpJJ.>KhI, 3aTeM ceMe-
phIX MaKaJIra6hIpTa, II npH ynoMHllallHIl Ka>KJJ.oil CTaThy. 3TOro
6aJIailca >KeJIaeMhIiI npOllecc npOJJ.BHraeTCH Ha OJJ.IIY CTaJ\HIO: Clla'la-
na TaeT JIe.lI.. 3aTeM nO.lI.HHMaeTCSI nap. 3aTeM BO.lI.a B KOTne HatIH-
lIaeT BCKHnaTh, pa36pbl3rHBaThCH no CTopOllaM. oaTpa3 6epeT KO-
Ten H YHOCHT ero .lI.OMOH. K KOTJIY He 3aMeA..1HT npHCOe.lI.HHHThCH H
KOBlll. 3aBoeBaHHbIH cpa3Y >Ke no CBepllleHHH nO.lI.BHfa.
B '1pKeCCKOM 3noce -«KY60K 6eJIoro BHlla» (sene-f-k"ade) Hrpa-
eT MellhlIlYIO, HO nOXO>KYIO no 311a'leilHIO pOJIh. B '1aCTIlOCTH, OH
nOHBJIHeTCH B CKa3allHH 0 n3T3p33e. CBoilcTBO Ky6Ka - nepeJIH-
BaTbCH qepe3 KpaH. KorJ],a KTO-HH6Y.lI.b. HaKJIOHHBlllHCb Ha.lI. HHM,
JJ.eJIaeT npaBJJ.HBoe 3aHBJIeIlHe. Bee repoH TepnHT lIeYJJ.a'lY, H OJJ.HII
TOJIhKO n3T3p33 npeycneBaeT 9. noxoxmil npeJJ.MeT 6hIJI OTMe'lell B
6aJIKapCKHx H Kapa'laeBCKHx BepcHHx, '1epKeCCKoe npOHCXO>KJJ.eIlHe
KOTOpblX He BbI3bIBaeT COMHeHHH, HO, nO-BH.lI.HMOMY, 60JIee Bcero
BlleJJ.pHJIaCh AMollra B A6xa3HH. B C60pHHKe «npHKJIIO'IeHHH»
eCTb Ha 3TOT CtIeT .lI.JIHHHbIH TeKcT, KOTOpbIH, K8>KeTCH, HeH3BeCTeH
lIa 3ana)J.e. BOT 011 lleJIHKOM 10:
BHHOrpa1I.HHKH HapToB 6blJIH 06111HpHbI, c..1aBHJIHCh 06HJIh-
IlhIMH ypO>KaHMH. BHlloJJ.eJIHeM 3allHMaJICH lIapT CHT. all 311aJI
CBoe JJ.eJIo, KaK HHKTO JJ.PyroiL
. JlH, N, 42, c. 137-138 CKaHTMa30B, CMK, VII, 2, 1889, c 3).
9 CM. C. 29-30.
10 npHKII., c. 187-191.
178
XpaHHllOCb BI1110 B r..1HHflHbIX KYBlllHHax. no TY H 3Y
CTO OHY l(aBKa3cKoro xpe6Ta, nO>KaJIyii, lIeT MeCTa, rJJ.e hI
;nOH He HaXOLlHJIH B 3eMJle OCTaTKH HapTCKHX KYBlllHHOB.
B IIHX O'leHb YJJ.o6110 6hIJIO JJ.ep>KaTb BHHO: CO BpeMelleM OHO
1eJIaJIOCb apOM8THblM, TOqHO 3eMJIHHHKa. .lI.0..1fO COXpaHHJIO
CBe>KeCTb H BKYC BHHorpa.n.a.
KYBllHHbI 6bI..1H p83HOH Be..1HllHHbI. Te, KOTopbIe n060nh-
lIIe HMeJIH co6CTBeHilhIe HMella: BaJJ.3aMaKHT, XHMxya, ABaJJ.-
3aHT Ar1I.3aKHT. CaMbIM 60..1hlllHM, Be..1HKHM KYBllHHOM CqH-
Ta..'1CH' Ba1I.3aMaKHT. OH BMeIUaJI lleCTbCOT 06bIqHhIX HapT-
CKHX KYBlllHHOB, ynoTpe6..1HeMbIX .lI.JIH BO.n.bI.
Ha.n.o CKa3aTh QTO Ba.n.3aMaKHT He 6bIJI npOCTblM rnHHH-
HbIM KYBllHHOM. OH OTJIHQa..'1CH eBOHeTBaMH, TaHHa KOTOpbIX
lie paCKphITa JJ.O ceii nophI. CJIeJJ.yeT 3H3Th, '1TO BaJJ.3aMaKHT
H3rOTOBHlIH OC06bIM cnoc060M. KaK H KeM - 3TO Toe HeH3-
BeCTHO BHHO Ba.n.3aMaKHTa 06JIa.lI.aJIo OC060H CHnOM: BbInHB
ero HPTbl CTaHOBHJIHCh eIUe 60nee MorYtIHMH. fOBOpHT, QTO
KJIJIH B 3TOT KYBlIIHIl pa3py6JIeilHYlO KpacllYIO 3MelO. Ho rJJ.e
B01I.HTCH 3Ta 3MeH  HHKOMY He Be.n.OMO. BOT eIUe O.lI.H,? Y.lI. H -
BHTe..1bHoe CBOHCTBO Ba.n.3aMaKHTa: CKO..1hKO HH QepnaH BHHa
H3 Hero - OHO He y6bIBaJIO.
Bce 3TO, pa3YMeeTCH, C03JJ.aBaJIO BeJIHKYIO CJIaBY 3TOMY
HapTCKOMY KYBllHHY. EeJIH HapTbI nOKJIHJIHCb B3JIe Hero,
3HatIHT, TaK TO MY H 6bITb: HHKaKoro 0JCTynJIeHHH. !la, CBH-
lllellllhIii 6bIJI KYBlIIHIl nOT BaJJ.3aMaKHT. (m)
l(aK IIH JJ.PY>KH,'H Me>KJJ.Y c060il lIapThI, KaK IIH 6hIJIH 0;3
enaHHbI p01I.CTBeHHoH KpOBblO. HO nOllJIO Me>K HHMH 3TO 6
Moe «Moe-TBoe». npHllJIOCh HM nO.lI.eJIHTh OTLlOBCKoe .lI.0 po
H pa3rpaHHtIHTb 3TO «Moe-TBoe». 1.JTO 1I.enaTb? TaKoBa >KH3Hb.
CacphIKBa CKa3aJI TaK: .
- 51 IIH'Iera lie xO'ly H3 OTllOBCKOro JJ.06pa - JJ.aHTe , MHe
TORhKO Bai\3aMaKHT. J1 IIH'Iero JJ.pyroro H H He B03hMY.
CKa>KY npHMO. Ka>KJJ.hIii H3 HapTOB XOTeJI TOro >Ke caMoro.
CacphIKBa onepe;HJI HX. nOCJIe ero CJIOB IIHKTO lie 06MOJI-
BHJICH 0 KYBlllHHe, HO H OT.n.aTb ero MJIaAlleMY 6paTY TO>Ke
HHKOMY fie XOTe..10Cb.
O.lI.HHM CJIOBOM, BalI.3aMaKHT CTan npHtIHHOH rOpHQHX eno-
pOB. CnOpH"H i\ellh, CnOpHJIH JJ.Ba. JJ:oJIro CnOpHJIH 6paThH.
J1 BOT CacpbIKBa CKa3a," .
_ JJ:aBaHTe pelIlHM JJ.eJIO TaK: nYCTh Ka>KJJ.hIH H lIac pac-
CKa.m:eT 0 CBOHX no.n.BHrax. CaMblH y.n.HBHTe..1hHbIH nOlI.BHf
3aCTaBHT 3aK..'10KOTaTb BHHO B Ba.lI.33 MaKHTe. TOMY H .lI.OCTa-
HeTCH KYBllHH. CTa
[OBOpH 3TO CacphIKBa 6bIJI y6e>KJJ.ell, qTO KYBlIIHH JJ.O -
HeTCH HMeHI-IO MY; H60 KTO H3 6paTheB Mor cpaBHHTbCH C HHM
re p OHCKHMH Ilo,aBHraMH? CHT
. 36 p aTheB-
nepBbIM CTa..1 B03..'1e KYBlllHHa CTaprnHH H .
OH .n.onro paCCKa3bIBa..1 0 CBOHX n01I.BHraX, HO BHHO H He lI.Y-
Ma..10 JJOKOTaTb. Bc..'1e.n. 3a HHM ero MeCTO no CTapllHHcTBY
,no
179

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. ,
KaK MOJIOKO B fJIHHHHOH nOCYJlHHe.
npHllIeJI 'IepeJ! CaCpb!KBbL OH 3aHBJI MeCTO CBOHX 6paTb_
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6b!JIH repoiicKHe nOJ!BHrH! POT pa3HHelllb, C.nYlliaB 0 HHX, 060
BCeM Ha CBeTe n03a6y J!elllb.
Ho BOT He3aJ!a'la: He 3aKJIOKOTaJIO BHHO. (...)
3J!eCb >Ke HeJ!aJIeKO OT KYBIlIHHa CTOBJI pa60THHK HapTOB
no np03BHIl\Y D>KeHKBa-D>KaIliJIa, 'ITO 03Ha'laeT nOJlY'IepH!>I/!-
nOJIyceJ!OH. MY>KeCTBeHHb!M 6b1J1 3TOT 'IeJIOBeK, 60JIbllle Toro,
OH 6b!JI repoeM. Ho HHKTO He 3HaJI 06 aTOM, KpOMe MaTepH
HapTOB BeJIHKOii CaTaHeii-ryaIliH.
CaTaHeii-ryallia Cep)![.!eM 'IyslJIa 6eJ!Y, yrpO>KaBIlIY/O ee
Cb!HOBbBM B J!HH MHorOTpYJ!Hb!X noxoJ!OR. Ii TOrJ!a OHa B!>I-
3b1BaJIa D>KeHKBY-D>KaIllJIY, OKpalllHBaJla BC/O ero oJ!e1KJ\Y,
J1HLlO, HOrH, PYKH HanOJIOBImy B 6eJlY/O, HanOJIOBHHY B 'IepHYIO
KpaCKY H nOCb!JIaJIa Ha nOJ!Mory Cb!HOBbBM. IiCnOJIHliB CBOH
.u.OJIf, He OTKpblBaSI CBOero HMeHH, D.>KeHKBa-EhKalliJIa B03-
Bpall.{aJICSI .u.OMOH. TaK H He 3HanH HapTbI, KTO HX TaHHCTBeH-
H!>Iii J!pyr.
BHJ!HT D>KeHKBa-D>KaIliJIa, 'ITO HHKOMY H3
J!OCTaHeTCB BaJ!3aMaKBT. Ii 06paTHJICB TorJ!a
JIM:
- ,Qaihe H MHe cnOBO cKa3aTb.
HapTbI YJ!HBHJIHCb:
- Te6e CJIOBO? .LJ:a 'ITO Tb! MO>Kellib CKa3aTb? Hy eCJlH He
JIeHb-rOBOp"- (...)
EJ!Ba Bb!rOBOpHJI pa60THHK HapTOB nOCJIeJ!HHe CJlOBa, KaK
3aKJIOKOTaJIO BHHO B KYBlllHHe Ba.u.3aMaKSITI cnOBHO pa3nO>KH-
nH no.u. HHM orOHb.
HapTbI O'leHb YJ!HBHJlHCb, a pa3rHeBaHH!>Iii CaCp!>lKBa, Ha-
npBraB CHJIbI, Bb!TaIl\HJI H3 3eMJlH KYBIlIHH BaJ!3aMaKBT. Ii OH
CKa3aJl TaK, 06paIl\aBCb K KYBIlIHHY:
- TbI nOBHHeH B HalllHX pa3J!opax. He 6YJ!eT Te6B - He
6YJ!eT H cnopOB Me>K HapTaMH!
Ii OH CTOJIKHYJI KYBIlIHH C nepeBaJIa B nopOHY AncHbI.
Ii nOKaTHJlCB BaJ!3aMaKBT, H pa36HJlCB OH BJ!pe6e3rH B cepe-
J!HHe AnCHb!.
TaK 3aBeplllHJlCB "TOT cnop 0 BeJIHKOM KYBIlIHHe HapTOR.
Ha J!He BaJ!3aMaKBTa OCTaBaJlHCb lIHHorpaJ!Hble KOCTO'lKH.
3TH KOCTO'lKH paCC!>InaJlHCb no 3eMJle AnCH!>I, H B!>IpOCJlH H3
HHX BHHorpaJ!H!>Ie J103b1. Ii Ha3!>1BaJlHCb OHH HapTCKHMH J103a-
MH. He 6b1J1o B MHpe BHHa J1Y'IlIIe TOro, 'IeM BHHO, J!o6!>1Bae-
Moe H3 HapTcKHx J103, HO - yJI!>I! - B!>IpOJ!HJlCB 3TOT BHHO-
rpaJ!, HCT ero 60Jlbllle B AncH!>I.
HapTOB He
OH K 6paTb-
Ha3BaHHe rJIaBHOro cocy.u.a BblrJISI.QHT B CBoeH nepBOH qaCTH
KaK 3aHMCTBOBaHHe HCKa>KeHHoro oceTHHCKoro (W)ac(y)amongre,
180
TO eCTb KaK HenocpeJ!CTBeHHO npHilleJ!llIee H3 OceTHH I. TOT <!>aKT,
'ITO n06eJ!HTeJleM B HCn!>lTaHHH Bb!CTynaeT nOJlY'IepHb!H-nOJIyceJ!OH
BMeCTO LJYMa30ro, KOTOpblH HeH3BecTen B a6xa3CKHX CKa3aHHSIX,
TalOKe nepeKJIHKaeTCSI C oceTHHCKHM CKa3aHHeM, KOTopoe MbI LlHTH-
OBaJlH Bb!lIIe H rJ!e B opJ!aJlHH AMOHra npeycneBaT DaTpa3. H.o
aTO 3aKJI/O'IeHHe, B KOTOpOM KYBIlIH H, 6pOllleHHblH CaCp!>lKBOH,
OCTaBJIBeT B A6xa3HH CeMe'lKH npeKpaCHoro BHHorpaJ!a, C,!>IKaCT-
CB C Ka6apJ!HHCKOH JIereHJ!oii, rJ!e He pe'lH 0 'IYJ!eCHOM k ade, HO
rJ!e TOT >Ke repOH, npHCYTCTBOBaBIIIHH. Ha He6e npH nHpe J!YXOB,
6pocaeT Ha 3eMJI/O cocYJ!, cOJ!ep>KaIl\HH BHHO, J!oTOJIe npH6eperae-
Moe )!JIB x03BeB MHpa 12.
II HaBepHoe, 3:i -1J.eopMHpoBaHHoe OCeTHHC)(Oe (w) 8C-, HO k'ai HanmUlHaeT
..epKeCCKoe k/'ade.
" HK3, c. 34-36.

XVII. CI(HcJ>CI(HE HAnHTI(H
HanHTOK, COJl.ep>KalItHiic>! B BOJIIlIe6HOH '1allle '1epKeCOB,- 3TO
BCerJl.a sane, BHHO (sene-f '-6eJIoe BHHO). B oceTHHCKOM 3noce
K3K .alUI HanOJIHeHHSI q311lH HapT3MOHra Ha 06IIleCTBeHHblx TIHpax.
T3K H JLJISI Toro. QTo6bl DJKHBHTh 33CTOJIhe B qaCTHbIX .u.OM3X, yno
Tpe6JIHeTCH pa3HOBHHOCTb HCKJIIDQHTenbHO KpenKoro XMenbHoro
HanHTKa, rong'a, peuenT KOToporo, O'leBHJl.HO, YTpa'leH. HCKYCCT-
80M npHrOTOBJIeHHB ero OTJIH'IaeTCB CaTaHa. BJIaroJl.apB 3TOMY HC-
KYCCTBY OH3, K3K nOBecTByeT 3HaMeHHToe CKa33HHe, nOBeprae-r B
OT'IaBHHe nepBYIO >KeHY Ypbl3Mara, nOMelliaB KOJIJl.OBCKHMH '1apaMH
6pO>KeHHIO pOHra, KOTOpblH npeJJ.aHHaB cynpyra 3aKBaCHJIa K B03-
BpalIteHHIO MY>Ka H3 nOXOJl.a 2. B. H. A6aeB He TaK J1.aBHO npeJl.JIO-
)KHJI HHTepeCHYIO 3THMOJlOrHIO 3TOro CJIOBa. OHO, BepOBTHO, npo-
H3BOJl.HOe C OKOH'IaHHeM Ha *-k OT ceBepOHpaHCKOH 1jJ0pMbI *frana,
COOTBeTCTBYlOlIteH caHCKpHTCKOMY CJIOBY prana - «JI.blxaHHe, >KH3-
HeHH3SI CHn3», "Halle rOBOpH, «.u.yx» B TOM CMhlcne. B KaKOM Mbl
ynoTpe6JI>!eM Bblpa>KeHHe «J1.YXOBHTblH» (HanHTOK). CJIOBO nepelllJlO
H3 oceTHHCKoro B HeKOTopble B3bIKH IO>KHoro l(aBKa3a; rangi (Mer.
H rpY3. J1.HaJI.), rang (CBaHCKHH) 03Ha'la1OT HanHTOK Ha MellOBoii
OCHOBe (taplis ghvino- «MeJJ.08Oe BHHO»)'.
I nnH BOCTOlimu ,D;HaneKToB Ka6apA"HCKOro H3hlKa H3.lI.8HHble U8 KaBK83e
CJJoBapH (1955. 1957 n.) ,D;81OT .npyroe o6'hHcHeHHe cnoBY sane - «XMeJIb nMIHH-
IltHH HanHTOK>, a 8H80 H83b1B81OT fade - 6YKB. «HaUHTOK> (KOp. fe- - «HTb:t> _
3an.-QepK., sOe-) ua 3an.-'IepK. cooTBeTcTBYIOll.{ee enOBO sOMe 03H8QaeT TOJIbRO
«npocHHoe "cHBO», TlOpK. «6ysa», KaK H y&.lxcKoe CROBO 3 C ata, o6pasoBaHHoe TaK
}l(e,- KOp. 3 a- «nHTb»; HO B Ka6apAHHCKHX cKasaHHHX 0 HapTax B CMblCJle «BUHO»
ynoTpe6JUleTCH ell.{e H sane (HK3, 1951. c. 34-36, H3.l1.. 1957, c. 36-38); llTO JKe
K8caeTCH Tex Ka6ap.ll.HHl1eB H llepKeCOB-OeCJleHeeBl1eB, KOTopble 3MHrpHpOBanH B
AH8TOJIHIO B "poroJIOM BeKe, TO OHH YTpaTHJIH CJlOBO sane H AnH 0603HalleHHH
BUHa ynoTpe6nHIOT TJOpKCKoe r CJlOBO serap, a Bce ApyrHe "BnHTKH, OTJIHllHble OT
BOAhi II MonOKa, HMeHYJOT fade. Y6b1XH He 3HaJOT sane. OHH Ha3b1BaJOT 8HHO
baqsma (TO.lI.8 KBK nO-'1epKeCCKH baQsme - BOAKa, a Ha Ka6apAHHoaH3TOJIHACKOM
RapellHH maxsume - 310 n"OCHHoe OHBO, OOJlee CBeTJlOe H MeHee rYCToe, 'IeM
TJOpKCK3H 6Y33). f\6X83IJ.bl H83b1BaIOT 8HRO a- (C a ; nocKoJlbKY a6x83CKoe '0 nopoA
cooTBeTcTByeT gh B pOACTBeHHblX 8AhlTCKHX H3b1K8X (no), 31'0 CJlOBO MO}l(HO CBH-
33Th 2C H33B8HHeM BRHa Y HapO.ll.OB Cpe.nR3eMHOMopbH (rpY3. ghvino H T. A.).
MS, 1', 1973, c. 555-556, 559.
3 A6aeB, 113COSl. II, 1973, c. 421-422 CM, rong-H3JIOJKeHHe CKa3aHHoro
B OS/qJ, I, 1949, c. 348-353. '
182
JJ:PyroH HanHTOK 3anaJl.HblX HHJl.OeBpOneHueB (H J1.a>Ke HX J1.peB-
HHX po.n.Hlleii, xeTTOB) - nHBO HeJ<or.n.a HOCHJIO B OCeTHHCKOM HMH,
apeaR pacnpocTpaHeHH>! KOToporo npocTHpaRc>! OT CKaHJJ.HHaBHH
11. 0 rpy3HH. HblHe nHBO Ha3b1BaeTCB bregreny - CROROM, cylIteCT-
BYIOIIlHM H B HpaHCKHx, H B TlOpKCKHX HapellHSIx, HO He HMelOI1I.HM
HaJl.e>KHOH 3THMOROrHH. OJl.HaKO B 1jJ0RbKRope H >!3b1K.e OCe'rHH CO-
xpaHHROCb HaUHOHaRbHoe CJlOBO HpOH. reluton, J1.Hr. 1lreton, relu-
ton, J1.R>! KOToporo HHljJopMaTopbl A6aeBa npHBeRH TPH 3Ha'leHHB:
«nHBO oc060ii BapKH», «rycToe nHBO», «nHBO, B KDTOpOM BblB3peHbI
KYPJl.IOKH HRH MBCO» '.
CTORb pa3Ho06pa3HblH accopTHMeHT nbBH>!lItHX HanHTKOB no-
c.nYJKHn OCHOBaHHeM .n.JISI JIereH.n.bl, KOTopaSl H3BecrH3 HaM JIHlllb B
06lItHX '1epTax. BOT HeCKORbKO C006pa>KeHHH, BblCKa3aHHblX B
1967 r. B C60pHHKe, H3J1.aHHOM B '1eCTb BOCbMlIJleC>!THReTH>! IORHY-
ca nOKOpHoro s. .
repoHHSI, HMH KOTOpOH, HCTOJIKOBaHHoe HeKHM YlleHblM rpeKoM,
no npe.n.aHHIO, n03BOJIHJIO Y3H3Th 0 TOM, KaK H33b1B3eTCSI BHHO Ha
H3blKe «BapBapOB», npOH301l1JIa H3 nOHTHHCKoro ropo.n.3 CHHone.
J]ereHJl.Y 0 J1.PyroH repOHHe coxpaHHR CXORHaCT AnOJlROHH POJl.OC-
CKOro (ad 2, 946), cRellYB HHOH TpaJl.HUHH, HCnOJlb30BaHHOH n03To
(948-956) (e. Wendel, Scholia in Ap. Rh. uetera 1935, c. 197) .
AHJl.pOH TeoccKHH r08OpHT, '1TO OJl.Ha aMa30HKa, 6e>KaB-
llIaB Ha n06epe>Kbe nOHTa, BblllIRa 3aMY>K 3a L\apB 3TOH
C'rpaHhI, H, nOCKOJIhKY OHa nHJIa MHoro BHH3, ee np03BanH
CaHan3 - 3TO B nepeBo.n.e 03HallaeT «MHoro nbIOIIlaSI», H60
nbBHble >KeHlItHHbI 30BYTCB sanapai Ha B3b1Ke IjJpaKHHueB,
KOTOpblM nOJIh3YlOTCSI aMa30HKH, liTO ropo.n. 3aTeM TaKJK C,!3!!
Ha3b1B3ThCH CaHan3, BnOCJIeJI.CTBHH HCKaJKeHHO - Smope.
A nb5iHH1l3.3Ma30HKa 7 no CJlOBaM reKaTeH, nOKHHYJla 3TDT
ropoil. H YIliRa K Lytidas.
TOMallieK Die alten Thraker, 2, c. 19 (SB. d. Wiener Ak. 130,
1892, 2) 3aJlIO'IHR H3 noro, '1TO IjJpaKHHUbl Ha3b1BaRH BHHO CJlO-
BOM, Bce elIte ynOTpe6RBeMblM B oceTHHCKOM >!3b1Ke (J1.Hr. srenre,
HpOH. sren). B03MO>KHO. Ho nOCKORbKY rpeKH lie BCerJl.a YMeJlH
OT.'H'IMTb IjJpaKHHL\eB OT CKHIjJOB H nOCKORbKY RereH.l\bI 06 aMa-
30HKax OTHOCHJIHCb He MeHee, a TO H 60JIee, lIeM K <I>paKHH, K Ce-
BepHoMy npH'IepHOMOpblO (H J1.a>Ke K l(aBKa3Y H nOHTY), MO>KHO
J1.YMaTb, '1TO 3THMOROrHB AHJJ.pOHa OTHOCHTC>! HenOCpe.l\CTBeHHO K
4 TaM }l(e, I, c. 129-130, CM: lfiton. ,
S Beitrage sur Indogermamsbk und Keltologle. c. 29-31. «Vm et biere
dans deux noms propres scythiques». _ w
6 B npHMCtlaHRtI BeH.lI.eJIfi (Wendel) K ncpBoii CTp04KC 3TOll Hl'6onbwoH
cnpaBKH (c. 197, I, 8) MO)KHO HaihH CCblJIKH Ha napaJIJIeJlbHble TeKCTbI (cp. TaK>K:
Ruge B HatlaJIe CTaTbH Sinope 2, Reihe III, 1927, col. 252) - Bce OHR onHpalOTC
ua AH.lI.pOHa H "HllerO He .lI.06aBJIJUOT K nOHCHeHRHM. HH B O.ll.HOM HeT yKa33HHH,
C.lI.eJ13HHoro B KOHu.e reKaTeeM. BapHaHTIJI 3THX HeCKOJlbKHX CTpOK B MaHYCKpHnTax
He3H3llHTeJlbHbI.
\83

>!3h1KY CKH<jJOB - npeJ!KOB OCeTHH. Bo BCRKOM CJlY'Iae, HMeHHO CI(I(_
<jJaM npnHChlBa recJ:!xl!ii TO >Ke CJlO: *:"".a,m. . [Hcnp. Scali_
ger: aava7t.,v] 'I:"lJY *OlVtW"IJV {Hcnp.: OlVV'ito'ttV], ExuGat.
nOCKOJlhl(Y reorpa<jJH'IeCKH npeJI.KH 'IepKeCOB npHMhlKaJlH I(
J!peBHHM CKH<jJaM, a HHorJ!a HX J!a>Ke B1'JlIO'IaJlH B 06uIHpHYIO 0611(_
HOCTb nneMeH. nOHHMaeMYIO no,U, 3THM H830aHHeM. OHM TOJKe M0I'YT
6h1Tb. npHBJIqeHbI f( o;:.eny: CaMbre 3ana.n;Hble H3 HHX Ha3h1BaJOT 811..
HO Sane (sane ye-s a.gh-«OH nheT BHHO»), OTCIOJ!a sena-/;1e_
6YKB. «rOJlOBa BHHa», «BHHorpaJ!HHK, BHHorpaJ!Hhlii Kpaii» (sena_
/;1e.m be.w qd.pd.k"a.gh - «BHHorpaJ!HHK MHoro pOJ!HJI») H T. .II.
Ho rpeKH, KOTophie nOJ!J!ep>KHBaJlH nOCTORHHhle CBR3H C c06cTBeH_
HO CKH<jJaMH H CBhlKJlHCh C HX R3h1KOM, ropa3J!O MeHhllle 6h1J1H CBR-
3aHhI C npeJ!KaMH 'IepKeCOB (KepKeTaMH, 3HraMH H T. J!.), KOTO_
phle, nO-BHJ!HMOMY, H J!Be ThlC>!'IH JleT Ha3M 6h1J1H CTOJlh >Ke MaJlO-
J!ocTynHhI J!JlR 06l1\eHH>!, KaK H B KOHue XIX B. nepeJ! PYCCKHM 3a-
BoeBaHHeM. TaKHM 06pa30M, napa CJlOB sinope-oa.""", J!OJl]l(Ha
6h1Th cKopee B np>!MoM CMhlCJle «CKH<jJCKOii», «eBponeHcKO-HpaH_
CKOM», H BTOphiM 3J1eMeHTOM, KaK H npeJ!JlO>KHJI n. .lie JJerapJ! H
KaK 3TO cerOJ!H>! npH3HaHo BceMH (4)acMep, A6aeB), J!OJl>KeH 6h1Th
HpaHcKHH KopeHh *pa(y) - «nHTh», KCTaTH B OCeTHHCKOM He CO-
xpaHHBlllHHCH: aavcin"'J .u.eHCTBHTeJIbHO 03HaQae-r «nblOw.aH 8MHO».
nOCJleJ!HRR <jJpa3a B CXOJlHH AnOJlJlOHH>!, J!06aBJIeHHe, CJ!eJlliH-
Hoe reKareeM K CKa3aHHOMY AHJ!POHOM, He Bhl3BaJlO HHrepeca B
Hallie BpeMR. Me1KJ\Y reM OHO 3aCJlY]l(HBaeT BHHMaHHR:
... . 1-'0 3 -'. 'AI-'ae. Ex ,«ao<,) <7J'. "01-."" Isell. * :l;a...""",
Et.vw1t''rJ') 1t'czpei£YE't'O 7tpO' Aonoav 7 we <P"lplV Exa'tato. HeH3BecTHo, KTO
6hIJI 3TOT JJHTHJ\ac, a Hofer B «JJeKcHKoHe», Roscher IV, I,
cT6.308 (1909), CM.: Sanape, J!a]l(e 3aJ!aBaJIC>! BonpocoM, 0 'IMOUe-
Ke JlH TYT llIJ1a pe'lh HJlH 0 MeCTe 8. Bo BCRKOM cJlY'lae, CJlOBO npH-
Me'lareJlhHoe: B TO BpeMR KaK B :l;a.""", COJ!ep>KHTCR CKH<jJCKoe
H8388HHe BliMa. B AO'ttBa.\; - Ha3BaHHe TInea.
A6aeB nOCORTHJI MOHorpa<jJHIO OCeTHHCKoMy ",Iut-on 9, 0 KOTO-
7 .Au'tiSa, -STO "anIfCaHe.. np""HTo. 8 Lau.rentianus XXXJlg(XI II.), 0 KO-
TOpO" Wendel nHWeT. c. X: «Inter CorporIS schohorum testes cum antiquitate turn
bonitate maxi!"e excellib. K TONY :JKe. yqHTblSaH 06HJIHe rpeqeCKHX C.II0D U3<1H.
HaIOUlHXCH C!Z()'t-. Au't(i)a,-Iectio difficilior no cp8BHeHHIO c Ao'ttoa Y Prisinys
2727 (XVI B.).
8 tT8TbH Sanape B RE. 2 Reihe. I, 1914, col. 2229, nO,ll,nHcaHHaH Nawrath.-
war H83811 OT CTaTbH Hofer: B HeA .lI.8:JKe He ynoMHHYT8 I)pa3a reKaTeH. BpHi\ JIH
· ApeBHeft ManDA Aa:HH cyuteCTBoe8no NeCTO no,o: H83B8HHeM. H8<1HH8101WflfCR
c Lyt-. 11860 l{eJlOBe c TaKHM "NeHeM. Bo BCRKON cJIY'Jae, HH..ero no,o:06Horo HeT
7 J1v1 l H P06epa (LoUIs Robert. Noms indigenes dans l'Asie Mineure greco-romai.
ne, . 1963).
. OSlO!>, I. 1949, c. 338-347; K TOMY JK. M3COSl, I, 1958, c. 129-131, rA.
aDTOp TaK UM8raeT cHTYaWllo: «nHBOBapeHHe He nonYQHJ10 IUHpOKOro pacnpo-
CTpaHeHHR cpe.llH KaBKa3CKHX HapOAOB. 113 rpY3HHCKHX nJJeMeH OHO pa38HTo Tonb-
&0 Y Tex. ETO COCeAHT C OCeTHHaMH: nwaDOB. xeBcypOB. NTHYJJbl1eO, MOXeOl(eo.
POJlb nHBB B 6fiTY oceTHH, o6H3aTeJlbHOCTb ero npHrOTOBJleHHH np" BCHKHX 06.
lQ.eCTBeHHWX TOp:JKeCTBax H ua npa3J1.HHKax, a T8K>Ke Ha CBa,ll,bt5ax, nOMHHKax H np..
HakoReu. cnocot5h1 " "8BblKH ero H3rOTOBJleHHH. .npeBHocTb CBJl3aHHOro C nHBO-
BapeHHeM HHBeHTapH (CM. cregginag - «nHBHOH KOTen») - Bce 3TO rOBopH.O .naB.
ileA H YCTOA"HBOi\ H81.lHOHaJlbHoi\ Tpa,ll,HlUiH B 3TOii 06J18CTH».
184
pOM Mhl TOJlhKO 'ITO ynoMHHaJlH,- 3nH'IeCKOMY H <jJOJlhKJlOpHOMY
t133BaHHIO pa3HOBH.D.MOCTM nHBa, npMMhlKalOllteMy K Ha3B3HMIO ero
B ceBepHh!X !!3h1KaX HHJ!oeBponeiicKoro Kpyra .C: repM. "alut>
(J!p.-CKaHJ!. 61, aHrJlocaKC. ealu ealod H T. J!.), OTKYJ!a nYTeM 3aHM-
CTHOBaHH>! (H3 rOT. *alud B 6aJlTHiicKHx R3h1Kax - JlaT. alus
H T. J!.), 06pa30BaHo B <jJHHCKOM -olut, a CT.-CJlaB. oUt B OJ!HOM
TOJlhKO <jJOJlhKJlOpHOM TeKCTe Ha J!HropcKoM J!HaJleKTe cOXpaHHJlCR
8apHaHT j]",ton I , 06e aHOMaJlHH KOToporo A6aeB onpaBJ!hlOaeT,
npHOOJ!>! napaJlJleJlhHhle npHMephl, H KOTOphlii cOHJ!eTeJlhCTByeT 0
HeKoTopoH HeonpelleJIeHHOCTH HaqaJIbMOrO fJIaCHoro. 50JIee roro,
CJlOBO nepelllJlo H3 aJlaHCKOro (J!peBHeii <jJOpMhI oceTHHcKoro) 0
rpY3HHcKHH B BHJ!e ludi, H JlHllIh 0 OJ!HOM J!HaJleKTe cOXpaHHJlOCh
aludi, J!a y ropueB-xeBcypoB OTMe'leHO MY>KCKOe HMR Aluda 12.
.LJ:peBHocTh CJlOBa HaJ!e1KHO nO!!TBep>KJ!aeTCR CYl1\eCTBOBaHHeM
CKH<jJCKoro c06CTBeHHoro HMeHH 13: Ha oJ!Hoii HaJ!nHcH B OJlhBHH
(II B.) nORBJlReTCR HM>! 'Aou3"1'0' (Cy<jJ<jJHKC "-aka, OTKYJ!a
CTOJlh 'IaCThiH B oceTHHCKOM -"'g), a OHO napa.JleJlhHO HMeHH
.Elivayo;. KOTopoe TaK1Ke OTMel.leHo. B OJIbBMM M npOH30111JIQ OT
*sana-. npMMeqaTeJlbMo. qTO B Aw'a8a<; Ha6JIIO.n.aeTcH T8KaH >Ke
YTpaTa Ha'laJlhHOrO rJlaCHOrO, KaK H 0 rpY3HHcKOM CJlOBe; tho Ka-
caeTCH BToporo 3JIeMeHT3', TO 3TO MO>KeT 6h1Tb HpaMCKMH KopeHb
*da:- - «.n.8BaTb», npo.n.OJ1>KaIOWMH >KHTb B oceTHHCKOM SI3h1Ke 14.
10 JTHHrBHcTbI He cornaCHIoI APyr C ApyroM OTHOCHTenbHO B3aHMOCBJ13H cbopM_
3,l1,eCb J1 BOcnpOH3BOJKY ,lI,OKTPHHY SlHa ,lI,e CfJpHca B Altnord. etymolog. (Worterbuch.
)961. c. 686. cT6. 1). no MHeHHIO A6aeBa. CJIOBa 6aJITHiiCKHX H3h1KOB (H3 KOTO-
PIiX. B03MO:JKHO, npOH90WJlH HeKOTopble c.nOBa I)HHHCKOii rpynnbl) BPH,lI, JlH 388M-
CTBoe8HhI H3 repMaHCKHX.
JI naMHTHHKH, II. )927. c. 127.
IS! CII. nOJlH.bIe AaHHhle y )1(. IlIapawHA3e: G. Charachidze. Le symbolisme
de I'arbre et de la vigne en Georgie,- «Bedi Kartlisa». 23-24. 1967, c. 105-118
(116-118 0 H838aHHH nHBa; alud - «OTMe'UHHoe B ropax. H8 3Sn8)le, B PSI.I8
H HS BOCTOKe OT TYWeTHH. nOCKOJIbKY 3TH AB8 paiiOH8 - nOrpaHHqHble B speane
pacnpOCTpaHeHHH rpY3HHCKHX AHaJIeKTOB H B TO >Ke BpeMfl 3}teCb rpY3HHbI H oce-
THRf,I AOJIbIUe Dcero 6.b111H D KOHTaKTe»). K paCCY>K,lI,eHHHM A6aeB8 IlIapaWHlI.3e
Aol5aBJIJleT cneAYlOl1I.ee: «I( TOMY :JKe HalJ,O nOAQepKHYTb, qTO ,lI,aHHOe 3aHMCTBOBa-
tlHe 6111110 Hs6HpaTeJIbHblM. B caMON ,lI,eJle. rpY3HHbI-rOpl(bI He B3Hnll ()oJlee pac-
npOCTpsHeHHoe Ha3BaHHe nHDa, bregreny, o3Ha'JalOee 06N'lHhlA HanHTOK. OHK
npe,ll,nOl.lJIH <plut-on. 03HaQalOwee 6mKeCTBeHHoe nHTbe... To ecTb rpY3HHbl 3aHMCT-
BOBaJlH y CBOMX coceAeii CBHll.{eHHOe OH80, HanHTOK, npeJUla3Hal.leHHblii: ,lI,Jlfl 60roB_
aTO CyutecTBeHHoe YTO'JHeHHe, H60 OHO OpHBO,ll,HT K MblCJl8 0 TOM, liTO He nOTpe6.
tlOCTH nHT3HHH no6YAHJIH rpY3HH-rOplteB 33HMCTBOBaTb nH80, a nOTpe6HOCTH pc-
JIHrH03Horo nOpHJ1.Ka - nHBO npO'JHJIOCb H3 pO.'Ib pHTyaJlbHoro HanllTKa (B8Ha)
ynoTpef)J]eHHe KOToporo OHH BblHy>K,lI,eHbI 6NJIH npeKpaTHTb 83-3a KJIHM3THlieCKHX
YCJloBHA:..
.. A6a.B, OO!>, I, c. 153. 180. 341.
14 OceT. drettyn - «,lI,aBaTb» (coxpaHHeT CJleIlbi n08TopHOCTH ,lI,eiiCTBHfI) Hy-
111:810. liTO TPH noc.neIlHHX cJlora HMeHI! CKH$CKoro nOCeii,ll,OHa eap.tfLaa.zi)a (Bap.
e a1t - - CMblCJI? repo,ll,. IV. 59) H. HeCOMHeHlIO, Te >Ke TPH CJIOra 8 HMeHIi uapK
'(}L1:CI,/Laaaf)1j' (TaM 1Ke. 80) 03HalialOT TaK>Ke «,lI,alOHA pbl6y» - UCXO,ll,H li3 3Be-
CTHAcKoro masya - «pN6a», XOTH 3T0 CJJOBO He OTMe'JeHo HHrIle, KpOMe IO>KHblX
AH3neKTOB HpaHCKoli H3blKODOH rpynnN H, 8 qaCTHOCTH, OTCYTCTByeT D oceTHHCKOM.
B oceTHHCKOM eCTb ;l;8a IlpyrHx CJlOBa: kiPS8g. 3THMOJlOrHH KOToporo HeHCH8.
 l{JJH KpynHblx pbl6 - kref. KOTopoe xapaKTcpHO ,!I;JlH CCBepOHp8HCKoro H. KaK

l-!TaK, npeitaHHe, COXpaHeHHOe reKaTeeM, n03BOJl!!eT npHBeCTH
«nblOlllYIO BHHO» f( «1t31OlU,eMy nHBO» H. SI nOnaralO, npe.llCT8BJIHeT
GTrO.HoeOK no.a.1HHHOH JIereH.D.bL
He TOJJbKO B !!3b1KaX JlerKO cOBeplllaeTC!! nepexoJ1 OT OJ1HOro
nb!!H!!llIerO HanHTKa K J1pyroMY (sane- «BHHO" y 3anaJ1HblX 'lepKe-
COB, y Ka6apJ1HHLleB - «XMeJlbHOii MeJ1»; aiLlS - 3TO 6YKBaJlbHO
<WHBO», alu - XMeJIbHOii Mell» lia CTaponpYCCKOM; 1J:TO Kacae-rCH
Be,1H'leCKOro madhu, rpe'leCKOrO methy, npOH3BOitHbiX OT HllJ\oeB-
poneiiCKoro Ha3B3HHSI Mella, TO OHM 03H3QaJQT .npyrHe HanHTKH-
CO MY , BHHO H np.), HO oc06eHHO B <jJOJlhKJJOpaX H MHljJOJJOm!!x 'laCTO
<jJOPMYJJHpyeTcH HJJH 06b1rpblBaeTCH pOJ1CTBO HJlH B3aHMOiteiicTBHe
3IHX J1BYX )KHJ1KOCTe;1. TaKHM )Ke 06pa30M nepeJ1aHHaH .D.H0J10pOM
CHLlHJJHI"iCKHM JJereHlla 06 OCHpHce o6'heJ1HHHeT BHHO H nHBo, npe-
BpalllaH BTOpoe B "p3aIl. nepBoro (I, 20): «Llapb»-Il.HBBJlB3aTOp,
H306peTaTe.% BHHa, KOTOpblM OH OJ1apBJI npe)KJ1e Bcero EmneT,
HaY 1 IHJI 33TeM BHHorpa.n.apcTBY Bee cTpaHbl, B K3KHX aHa TOJIbKO
6bl.TIO B03MO>KHO, «HO, eCJIH rn.e-JIH60 3eMJUI He npHHHMana BHHQ-
rpaJJ.HYIO JI03Y, OH nOK33aJI, K3f< rOTOBHTb HanHTOK. KOTOpblH .u.e-
'1aeTCH H3 HlIMeHH H HH BKYCOM, HH KpenOCTblO nOIlT« He xY>Ke BM-
Ha". Ellie 60JJee npHQYJ1JJHBO - eCJJH HMeTb B BHJ1Y J1Ba KpenKHx
ceBepHblx HanHTKa-XMeJIbHOH Me.u. H TIHBO.-TO, QTO CK8H.D.HH3Bhl
BbillaJJH 3aMY)K BeHJJY (Beyla, B03MO)KHO, YMeHblllHTeJJbHOe OT
«abeille», nqeJJa, BeCMOTpH Ha <jJOHeTH'leCKOe 3aTpYJ1HeHBe) 3a
5pHrBHpa (Briggvir), OJIHLleTBopeHHe HqMeHH, a neCHb 3J1J1b1 «ne-
pe6paHKa JIOKH» (Lokasenna), B KOTOpoii OBB ynoMBBalOTC!!, KOC-
BeHHO xapaTepB3yeT OJ1HY - C60POM nblJJbIl.bI, J1pyroro - oco6eii.
HOCTHMH .n.eHCTBHH TIHBa 15. Mbl HHKOf.lla He Y3HaeM, nOTOMY JIlt
OTIlpaBHJJaCh Sanape K Lytidas, qTO BbillIJJa 3a Hero 3aMY)K, BJJB
HeT, HO 4JaKT TOT, lITO OHa f( HeMY OTnpaBHJIaCb.
CHTaeT. A6aeB, pacn<?3H8eTCJI 0 CKH$CKOM B H8308HHH ropo.na naHTHKaneA
(I1u''''::t'X.ar.:Tj'. Hav'tt"J'..anato',l), CTOHBwero "a MeCTe HblHellIHero 6oraToro pLl60ii I<ep-
'leHCKOro npOJIHOa (Studia in hon acado D. Decev, Sofia, 1958, c. 183-189; cpo
Toro >Ke aBTopa no nooAY «MCHU3 PLl6» krefty mrej - ceHTH6pb-oKTH6pb «The
names of the months In Ossebc». W. B. Henning Memorial. 1970, c. 1-7). He-
BepoHTHo, 'l!o6b1 3l1eMeHT -100<;: B Au"tt'J.c 6blJI naTpOHHMHl.,leCKHM rpe'leCKHM CY$4
qlHKCOM -101]<:: nO'ieMY 6bJ B 3an,!H reKaTeH OK333J1aCb $opMa c «a»? B 3noxy
3l1JIHHH3Ma MY>KCKHe HMeHa Ha -'[CIa" BhlJlBJIeHHhle 3nHrpaqIHeii MaJIol1 A3HH,-
31'0 HMeHa HMMHrpaHToB; L. Robert, UHT. COq., c. 411 -412, 417.
15 «Deux petits dieux scandinaves, Byggvir et Beyta», La nouvelle Clio, 4,
1952, c. 1-31.
CMEPTb J1 Y MEPWJ1E
Onucalilibte B X I X B. Cl103IClibte U pa30puTellblibte nOXOpOli1tbte
06pROfJl oceTUH BO MH02UX OTHOU1eHURX HonOMUHOIOT Te, IlTO r epo-
OOT OnUcall Y CKUtjJOB. 3TO COBnaaeliue nOaTBep3ICOaeTCR apxaU"e-
CKUMU 06fJlllaRAiU, ynoMuHoHue 0 KOTOpblX eCTb TOAfJKO B 3nOce
3noc XPOHUT naMRTb 0 HeKOTopblX HpOBOX, OTMelleHHfJlX B pa3-
libte BpeMelia Y liapOaOB CKUtjJCK020 KpY2a. H u3ICe paCCMOTpelib'
oeo 06blllOR. B HeCKOAbKUX CK030HURX CTopble H apTfJl COMU KOH-
llalOT C 3fCU3HblO, KOK 3TO 6fJLAO npUHRTO y CapMOTOB, TO eCTb 30-
CTaBllRR c6paCbtBaTb ce6R CO CKallbt. B apY2UX CKa3aliURX 2epou
3aKllUliaeT CMepTb, 3a6paBWUCb B WKYPY IiOBOOCBe3ICeBalili020 6b'-
Ka, I£TO HOnOMUHOeT CKUq;CKUii npueM oco6eHHO HaCTORTeAbHOii
MOAb6bt, onUCOHHblii JJ YKUUHOM.
MfJlCAb 0 CMepTU UHiJUBUOYOAbHOii UAU KOAAeKTUBHoii, HeCOM-
lieliliO, 6btlla 06b,aeliliOu allR liapOaOB, KOTOpbte nOaBep2allUCb
eJICeMUHYTHor1 OnOCHOCTU 8 He06'bRTHbtX, AUw.enHblX eCTeCTBeHHOii
2pa""lfbl CTenRX CeBepli020 flp,,"epIiOMopbR. Jlezelioa 0 KOlllleK-
TUBIiOM caMoy6uucTBe 6lla20pOOlib'X KUMMepuulfeB OTpo:J/CaeT TO
3ICe 'iyecTBo c06CTBeHHOZO OOCTOUHCTBO, 'iTO U CKa30HUe «Fu6eAb
HapTOB». (...)

XVIII. nOXOPOHHbIE OBP5I.D:bI
ce6e HOfTSIMH JIHLla, TaK liTO meR« HX nOKpblBalOTCH cTpynbH-
MM. OOCJIe Toro HallHH310T war 33 ll1aroM nO.llxOltHTb K 00-
KOHHHKY 6paTbH, Cb!HOBbH H nJIeMHHHHKH, Yllapllll ce6H
nJIeTblO no 33TblJIf<Y H HcnYCK3H BOnn". 3aTeM BJlOBa no,D.XO-
JI.IIT K rp06y, oTpe3aeT ce6e KOCY H KJIaJl.eT ee Ha rpYJl.b MY>K
B TOM y6e>K,D.eHHH. GTD OCTaHeTCH ero >KeHOH H !1 3arpo6HOH
>KH3HH. ECJIH DeerMHbl Y>Ke He XOpOHHT c nOKOHHHKOM era
opY>KHH H Bel1\eH, TO naMHTb 06 nOM 06b!qae coxpaHlleTclI B
H306pa>KeHHH Taf<HX He11leii H3 MOrHJIhHOM cT0JI6e. HaM H{'-
peJl.KO npHXOJl.HJIOCb BHJl.eTb naMIITHHKH, pacnHCaHHb!e KpacKa-
MH; Ha HHX H306pa>KaIOTCII: pHil. naTpOHOB, HOCHMb!X Ha qep-
KeCKe, nopOXOBHHLla, HO>K, PYJKbe, nHCTOJIeT, nJIeTb; HH>Ke 
nOlllaJlb, KYBlllHH H qalllKa. 5e3 COMHeHHH, 3TH H306pa>KeHHH
npe.zJ.CTaBJIHIOT npaKTHqeCKYIO 3aMeHY 06b!qaH KJIaCTb Bce 3TH
npeJl.MeTb! B MOrHJIY nOKoiiHoro. BnpOqeM, Y oceTHH coxpa-
HHJICII 11.0 CHX nop OJl.HH 06PHJI. KaK OTrOJIOCOK 06b!qaH KJIaCTb
KDHH c nOKoHHHKOM. 3TO TaK H33b1BaeMOe «brexfreldisyn» 
nOCBHl1\eHHe KOHH. lJ,eJlb 06pHJl.a Ta, qT06b! nOKoiiHHK HMeJl
KOHH B 3arp06HOM MHpe H Mor J1.0eXaTb 6JIarOnOJIyqHO 11.0 Me-
CTa, eMY npeJl.Ha3HaqeHHoro. Bo BpeMH norpe6eHHH, KOrJl.a
Tpyn Y>Ke onyl1\eH B MOrHJIY, K Heii nOJl.BOJl.IIT KOHH, H OJl.HH
H3 npHcYTcTBYIOl1\HX npoH3HoCHT J1.JIHHHYIO pe% [CM. y lIIHIj>-
Hepa, MHJIJIepa. raTHeBa], B KOTOpoii H306pa>KaeT TPYJl.HOCTH
3arp06Horo nYTH H onHCb!BaeT BCTpeqH, KOTOpb!e 6YJl.eT HMeTb
nOKoiiHHK. no OKOHqaHHH peqH KOHH 06BOJl.HT TPH pa3a BO-
Kpyr MOrHJIb! J1.alOT eMY nonp060BaTb 6parH H qalllKY, H3
KOTOpoii OH n'HJI, pa36HBalOT 0 ero KonbITO. '-IT06b! nOKoiiHHK
MDr Y3HaTb CBOero f(DHfI H3 TOM CBeTe, KOMIO OTpe331OT KOH-
'IHK yxa HJIH no KpaiiHeii Mepe J1.eJlalOT HaJl.pe3. 3aTeM KTO-
HH6YJl.b H3 npHCYTCTBYIOl1\HX caJl.HTCII BepXOM H CKaqeT Ha
KOHe AO Tex nop. TIOKa He BfOHHT ero B HcnapHHY.
Me>KJl.Y J1.PYrHMH nOXOpOHHb!MH 06pllJl.aMH ynoMIIHeM el1\e
TaK Ha3b!BaeMOe CHJl.eHbe MepTBb!X (mrerdty badren), COBep.
ll1aeMoe cnYCTII HeJl.eJJlO nOCJIe HOBOro roJl.a H B J1.eHb Boro.
IIBJIeHHII. 3TOT 06pIIJl. CnpaBJIlllOT B TeX ceMbllX, KOTOpb!e B
TeqeHHe npeJl.ll1eCTBYIOl1\erO rOJl.a nOTepllJIH KOro:HH6YJl.b H3
6JIH3KHX. B qeCTb YMepwero neKyT xne6 orpOMHOH BeJIfflIHHbI,
TaKoii, qTO OJl.HOMY qeJlOBeKY J1.0CTaTOqHO 6b!:!0 6b! Ha MeCIIIl.
3aTeM J1.eJIalOT qyqeJIO, H306pa>KalOl1\ee nOKOHHHK, paCnllJIHB
Ha naJIKaX ero OJl.e>KJl.Y. '-IyqeJIO CTaBIIT Ha CKaMeHKY BOKpyr
KOTOpoii paCKJlaJl.b!BalOT Bee JII06HMb!e Bel1\H nOKOHHor-
BHHTOBKY, ll1all1KY. KHH>KaJI, Tpy6KY C Ta6aKOM, 6aJIaJIaHKY
H T. n. nepeil. qyqeJlOM CTaBIITCII qall1Ka H 6yrb!JIKa apaKa,
npeJl.Ha3HaqaeMb!e nOKoiiHHKY, TaK KaK CYl1\eCTBYCT BepOBa-
HHe, qTO J1.Yll1a ero Ha 3TO BpeMII OTnpall1HBaCTCII y BapaCTb!-
pa Ha n06b1BKY J1.oMoii H BCeJllleTCII B qyqeJJO. B TeqeHHe J1.HII
npOHCXO.llHT Olln8KHB8HHe, a 38TeM yrOl.I1.eHHC.
Ha6JIIOJl.all 3TH 11.0 CHX nop COXpaHHBIl1HeCII Y OCCTHH 06-
pIlJl.b!, HeBOJIbHO BcnOMHHaell1b HeKOTOpb!e qepTb! CKHIj>CKHX
IQ
B 1882 r. BCeBOJIOil. MHJIJIep nOKa3aJI, HaCKOJ1bKO CTpOrHe no-
XopoHHble 06blQaH DceTHH npOlllJIOrO BeRa HaTIOMHHaJIH onHC8HHlie
fepOJl.OTOM nOXOpOHHb!e 06p1IJl.b! CKHIj>OB I. BocnpOH3B01KY 3J1.eCL
3TOT BeJlHKOJIenHlllH TeKCT.
nOXOpOHHb!e 06p1IJl.b! oceTHH OTJIHqalOTCII qpe3Bb!qaftHolO
apXaHqHOCTblO. B OnJIaKHBaHHH nOKoiiHHKa yqaCTBYIOT He
TOJlbKO ero pOJl.Hb!e, HO BeCb aYJI H J1.a>Ke BCII OKpeCTHOCTb. EII-
Ba KTO-HH6YJl.b YMep, BeCTHHK cnell1HT B OKpecTHb!e aYJIb! H3-
BeCTHTb HX 0 CMepTH. H co Bcex CTOpOH HJl.YT B J1.0M nOKoft-
Horo. CeMMI nOKOHHHK8 He JKaneeT HHQero. 'lTo6bl nOIlTHTb
ero naMSITb 06HJIbHhlM yrow.eHHeM: OHa cnelllHT nOlIaTb Bce,
qTO MO>KHO, He paCCqHTb!Ball Ha 6YJl.Yl1\ee, H HepeJl.KO pa30pll-
eTCII BKOHell. Bb!BaJ1H CJIyqaH. qTO no CMepTH KaKoro-HH6y1lL
JIHLl8 Becb era CKOT men H8 nepOhle nOMHHKH H .lleTH OCTaua.
JIHCb HHIllHMH.
no CBHJleTeJIbCTBY C8MHX oceTHH, e1KerO.llHhle nOMHHKH .
qeCTb OJl.HOro JIH!!a 06XOJl.HJ1HCb J1.0CTaTOqHoMy ceMeiiCTBY 60-
JIee qeM B J1.Be Tb!CllqH py6J1eii; Bcex nOMHHOK HaCqHTb!BaIOT
11.0 J1.BeHaJl.llaTH B nepBb!ii rOJl.... OnJIaKHBaHHe nOKoftHHKa OT-
."HqaeTCII TaKoii me HeYMepeHHocTblO B Bb!pa1KeHHH cKop6H.
MY>KqHHb!, npOBO>Kall rp06 Ha KJlaJl.6Hl1\e, 6blOT ce611 no JI6y
Kyn8K8MH H HcnYCK8JOT CTOHhI; JKeHlllHHhI, nOJI3aH H8 Kone-
HIIX, YJl.aplllOT B TaKT pYKaMH no JIHllY H KOJIeHIIM H BOIOT.
OnYCTHB rp06 Ha 3eMJIIO 6JIH3 MOrHJIb!. MY1KqHHb! CTaHOBIITCII
oc060 OT >KeHl1\HH. H H3 TOJInb! nOCJIeJl.HHX Bb!crynalOT Bnepell
CeCTpb!, nJIeMIIHHHIlb! H J1.pyrHe 6JIH3KHe pOJl.CTBeHHHllb!; OCTa-
HOBHCb J1.0BOJIhHO J1.aJIeKO OT rp06a H nOTOM Me.zJ.JIeHHO noJl.XO-
11.11 K HeMY, OHH PBYT ce6e Ha rOJIOBaX BOJIOCb! H llapanalOT
I )KMHn. 30ryCT 1882. c. 202-204; cyw.ecToyn ',lUoro onHcaHHH noxopOH4
JJblX 06pH.lI.OB OCeTHM. B tlaCTHOCTH: A WHI)Hep. 3HAH 14, 1868. npM. 4, c. 25-
27,91-92 (cnHcoK .lI.OeH3.l1.LlaTH nONHHOK TpaypHoro rO.ll.a); B. 6. Ol)al), CCK. H.
1872, c. 313-315; 6. faTHea, CCKf IX, 3, 1879, c. 2-18 (o,e"b nOAP06"0);
Be. MHJIJlep. 03, I, 1881. c. 108-115 (>KepTBOnpHHollleHHe KOHH) , H II. 1882.
c.287-288 (CDHCOK .lI.8eH3.l1.l13TH nONHHoK, nepellHCJIeHHe P3CXO.ll.OB). Ha 3TOT ClleT
eCTb p36oT3 Ha I)paHl1Y3cKOM H3liKe M. l(osaneBcKoro (Coutume co.Itemporaine
et loi ancienne: droit coutumier ossetien ech:ll.-i par J'histoirt COOiI)aree, 1883.
c. 50-63).
,..

noxopOH, 3anHCaHHb!e repOitOTOM. H Y CKHIj>OB B nOXOpOHa!
npHHHM810T JKHBOe YllaCTHe He TOJIbKD 6JIH3KH€ p01I.CTBeHHHKI{
nOKOHHoro. HD H Bce era 3HaKOMble, npH'leM Tpyn 06blKHOBell,
1I0ro CMepTI-lOrO pa3B03HTCH no 06Jl8CTH B T€lleHHe COpOKa
itHe,r (IV, 73). Tpyn >Ke l1apH B03HT no Bceii CKHIj>HH H3 06_
JIaCTH B 06JIaCTh H BClOitY ero OnJIaKHBalOT, Bb!pa>KaH cKop6b
HarJIHitHbrM 06pa30M: Ka>Kitblii CKHIj> 06pe3aeT ce6e KOH'IHK
yxa (y oceTHH no iteJIalOT KOHIO), oCTpHraeT ce6e BOJIOCI>I
(no J!eJIaeT y oceTHH BitOBa nOKoiiHoro), iteJIaeT HaJ!pe31>1
Ha pYKax, l1apanaeT ce6e JI06 H HOC (nOCJIeitHee J!O CHX nop
J!eJlalOT >KeHlllHHb! B OceTHH) H npOKaJIb!BaeT ce6e CTpeJlolO
JleBY!? PYKY (IV, 71). C l1apeM norpe6alOT ero >KeHY, CJlyr,
KOHen, opYJKHe, cocy.n. - OTrOJIDCKH Bcero 3Toro Mbl CeHllaC
TOJlhKO YKa3aJIH B oceTHHCKHX 06pHitax. 3aTeM '1epe3 roll
(IV, 72) BOKpyr l1apcKoii MorHJIhI CTaBHT 50 '1Y'IeJl y6HThIX B
ll€CTb ero IOHoweii H KOHeii, q€MY. 6h1Tb MQJKeT, DTfOJIOCKOM
HBJlHeTCH oceTHHCKHii 06PHJ! CHJ!eHHH MepTBblX, npH KOTOpOM
H3rOTOBJUI€TCH qYtl€JIO nOKoHHHK3. KOToporo CHOBa onJIa-
KHBalOT H nOPIYIOT nHlU,eiL
HHorJ!a B HapTOBCKHX CKa3aHHHX HeKOTOpb!e H3 3THX n";(p06-
HocTefr DCeTHHCf<HX noxopOH npe1I.CTaBJIeHbl lllHpe, T3K, IITO BbUIB-
JlHeTCH HX CMb!CJI. HanpHMep, COBceM ellle MOJIOJ!b!M BaTpa3 yita-
pOM Me'la nOpa>KaeT HaCMepTh y6Hi'rI1Y CBoero OTl1a CaiiHar-aJl-
J!apa '.
OH, '1To6b! YTelllHTh H 06paJ!OBaTh BTOPYIO >KeHY OTl1a, npH-
HOCHT ei'r B nOJ!TBep>KJ!eHHe cBoei'r n06eJ!hI npaBYIO PYKY Cai'r-
Har-a.,1JJlapa H rOBopHT cBoeH Maqexe: «MaTh, BH.llHlllb. H rrpH4
Hec Te6e PYKY y6Hiil1b! cBOero OTl1a!»
OHa He MO>KeT nOBepHTb, '1TO BaTpa3Y no y.aaJIOCh H Y
Hero XBaTHJIO l(ep30CTH OTOMCTHTb 33 oTu,a, H OTBe1.JaeT: «JIer-
KO JIH Te6e no TBOHM JIeTaM y6HBaTb 6eCCMepTHhIX nOit06HhIX
Cai'rHar-aJlitapy? BepHo, Tb! JIHIlIHJI >KH3HH KorO-H6YJ!h H3
6e1I.HSlT. KOTOPhl€ 1I.HH CBOR npOB01UIT B naCTb6e CTa.n. HO HH-
KaK He Cai'rHar-aJIitapa: pa3Be Mor 6b!. ThI y6HTh 3Tro KpO-
BOJKa.n..Horo qeJIOBeKa, K KOTOpOMy H no.n.oihH-TO HeJIefKo?
MO>KHO JIH itYMaTh, '1TO Te6e KorJ!a.JIH60 YJ!aCTCH 3TO? (...).
HeT, TBOii Tpolj>ei'r He '1TO HHoe, KaK pYKa KaKorO-HH6Yitb He-
C'IaCTHOrO naCTyxa. ECJIH 6b! CaiiHar-aJIJ!apa HacTHrJla
CMepTh, Mb! YBHJ!eJIl1 6hI HeMaJIO pa3Hb!X '1YJ!ec!» BaTpa3 OT-
BeTHJI: «Tb! B 'lac nOJIyitHH nOitHHMHCh Ha BepXYIliKY cBOei'r
ceMHHpYCHOi'r 6alllHH H Ha6JIIOJ!aii! BepHo, 3aMeTHllIh ThI, KaK
6YJJ.YT JIeTeTb KJIOqbHMH BOJIOCbI, KOTopble CTaHYT pBaTb Ha
ce6e >KeHbI Cai'rHar-aJIJ!apa, H Te6H OKYTaeT rycroi'r T)'MaH.
Bce 3TO nOKa.meTCH Te6e TY'laMH, nOTOMY lITO .n.eHb 6YltCT
Mpa'lHblH H JIYlJ:H COJIHu.a He 6yltYT )J.OCTllraTb 3eMJIH».
2 U.nT. CT., C. 196-197.
"'"
Maqexa BCXOJ!HT Ha BbrcoTY 631l1HH, oTKYJ!a eii OTKpbrBa-
eTCH BeCb 60>KHH MHp. BH.n.HT OHa: .n..HeBHOH CBeT 3aTMHJ1CH
OT JleTHllI.HX TY'Ieii BOJIOC, BOJlOC pb!J!alOlllHX >KeH CaiiHar-aJl.
itapa... Y6eJ!HBllIHCb B CMepTH CaiiHar-aJIitapa H nOitJIHHHOCTH
n06€.I1.HOrO Tpolj>eH BaTpa3a, Ma'leXa B03BpalllaeTCH K He MY H
roBOpHT, '1TO Y HaproB He B 06hI'Iae XOpOHHTh CTOJIb 3HaMe-
HHTb!X JIHI1 6e3 KaKHX-JlH60 '1aCTei'r TeJla. H OHa cOBeTyeT
BaTpa3Y OTHecTH 06paTHO H npHJlO>KHTh K TeJlY y6HToro py-
KY, '1T06hI ee MO>KHO 6hIJlO noxopOHHTh BMeCTe C HHM.
IOHb!ii repoii nOJ!'1HHHeTCH. npH BceM '1eCTHOM HapOite OH
npHHOCHT PYKY K Tpyny KaK pa3 TOrita, KOrita Ha'lHHaIOTCH
noxopOHhI.
nOCJIeitHHH 'lepTa, 6€3YCJlOBHO, apXaH'IecKaH. OHa He pa3
BCTpe'laeTCH B HapTOBCKOM 3noce. HanpHMep, B OJ!HOM CKa3a-
HHH, rite IOHOMY HapTY TOTpait3Y, Koroporo COCJlaH-C03b!phI-
KO y6HJI HetleCTHO, XHTpOCTblO, .u.aeTCH B03MO>KHOCTb no-
cMepTHoii MecTH, CKa3aHO CJIe.u.YlOlllee s .
TOTpaJ!3 nOJlY'laeT OT rJlaBhI MepTBhIx BapaCThIpa p33pe-
llleHHe OTJIyqHTbCH C TOfO CBeTa H OTCYTCTBoBaTb OT Bocxo.n.a
itO 3aXOJ!a COJIHl1a. OH TYT >Ke HJ!eT K cBoeii MaTepH H roBO-
pHT eii: «TBOH MOJIHTBa YCJlhlllIaHa BorOM, BOOpY>KH MeHII!»
OHa J!aeT ChIHY opy>KHe H CTpeJlhl, TOT caitHTCII CHOBa Ha
CBoero O.n..ep>KHMOro KOHH, Hana.u.aeT Ha C03h1phlKO, y6HBaeT
ero, oTpy6aeT eMY npaBYIO PYKY H npHHOCHT. MarepH: «BOT
Te6e npaBaH PYK3 C03hIphIKO, HcnHBllIero MoeH KpOBH H 06H-
iteBllIerO Te6H!» .
MaTb 06elllaeT npHHocHTh ChIHY >KepTBhI, K3K nOKoHHHKY,
H MOJIHTb €ro, KaK zred - «ityxa», H npOCHT: «Teneph >Ke ThI
B03BpaTH PYKY C03b!pb!KO K TeJIY ero, nOTOMY '1TO Y HapTOB
TaKOH 06h1qaii, COJIHhlll1KO: He XOpOHHTb MepTBhlX, ecnH MeT
KaKOii-JIH60 tlaCTH TeJIa».
T OTpa.a3 OTHOCHT PYKY K Tpyny H B03BpalllaeTCII K MepT-
BbIM.
CMhICJI 3THX J!BYX Cl1eH BhIlIBJIHeTCH B CBeTe CKHIj>CKHX 06hI'IaeB.
BOT '1TO roBOpHT repOJ!OT 0 '1eJlOBe'leCKHX >KepTBaX, npHHOCHMhIX
pa3 B rOit nepeJ! OrpOMHb!M HarpOMO>KJ!eHHeM BH3aHOK XBopOCTa,
H3 KOTOpOM B03BbHlIaeTCH Meq - CHMBOJI Apeca 4.
3TOMY Me'lY e>KerOJ!HO npHHOCIIT B >KepTBY KOHeii H pora:
ThiH CKOT, H Jla>Ke 60JIbll1e, tleM npO'lHM 60raM. 113 Ka>K.n.OH
COTHH nJIeHHHKOB 06peKalOT B }I{epTBY OitHOrO '1eJIOBeKa, HO
He reM cnoc060M, KaK CKOT, a no J!PyroMY 06pllitY. rOJIOBhI
3 J1H, N9 24, c. 94 (naMHTHHKH, I, 1925, N9 20, c. 100-113); naTeTHtleCKHH
BapHaHT (cLleHa pa3BOpatlHB3erCH B 3arpo6HoM MHpe) - B JIH, c. 109. B oceTHH-
C.KOM moce, nO-BH.lI.HMOMY, He cOXpallHJIOCb BocnOMHH3HHH 0 CKHCKOM otJbI'iae
nHTb KpOBb nepBoro y6HToro Bpara (repOJI,OT, IV, 64).
<4 CM. BbUlle.
191

nJIeHHHKOB CHa1.JaJIa OKpOn.:UIIOT BHHOM, H JKepTBhI 3aKaJIhlB8.
IOTCH Hall. COCYJl.OM... 3aTeM HeCYT KpOBh Ha Bepx KY'IH XBo.
pOCTa H OKpOnJIHIOT elO Me'l. KpOBh OHH HeCYT HaBepx, a BHH-
3Y, Y CBHTHJIHllla, COBeplllaeTcH TaKOH 06PHJI.: Y 3aKOJIOThlJ(
>KepTB OTPy6alOT npaBhle nJIe'lH C PYKaMH H 6pocalOT HX B
B03.D.YX; 33TeM nOCJIe 33KJIaHHSI .n.pyrHx >KHBOTHhiX OKaH1.JHBa-
lOT 06PHJI. H YJl.aJIHIOTCH. PYKa >Ke OCTaeTCH JIe>KaTh TaM, rJl.e
ynaJIa, a Tpyn >KepTBhI JIe>KHT OTJl.eJIhHO.
3TOT 06h1'1aH TOJIKOBaJICH no-pa3HOMY. B03MO>KHO, ueJIhlO ero
6h1JIO, HanpHMep, nOMelliaTh 'IeJIOBeKY nOCJIe CMepTH B03BpaTHThCfI
H3 3eMJIIO B COCTOSIHHH. n03BOJISIIOlU,eM OTOMCTHTb 33 ce6H 5. Oce-
THHCKH cKa33HHSI, a B HHX - .D.OBO.D.hI M3Tepeii, yroBapHB81OlI1HX
ChiHOBeH «BOCCTaHOBHTh» Tpyn, HanpaBJIHIOT MhlCJIh no J1.PyroMY
PYCJIY: OT'IJIeHHTh PYKY OT TeJla - J1.0nOJIHHTeJIhHOe OCKop6JIeHHe
y6HToro, P3BHOLWHHoe JIHllleHHIO ero MOrHJIbl, CKaJIbTIHpOBaHHIO H
Bo06llle HaJl.pyraTeJlhCTBY Hall. TpynoM Bpara, HMelOTCH B BIIAY
BparH «He Bce, a C3Mble JIIOThle», YT01.JHSIeT repO.D.OT, rOBOpJl 0 qe.
penax, npHMeHHBlllHXCH KaK qalllH ,lJ,nSI TIHThSI (rJI. 65, au'ta, tiE 'tci.t;
xECfaM" oo"tt 1Cav'tw'l' aAAa 'tW\I ex3i:a-:w\I).
CPe.zJ.H nOJl.06HhlX cBepXHaJl.pyraTeJIhCTB fepOJl.OT ynoMHHaeT 06
OJl.HOM, KOTOpoe OH Ha6JIIOJl.aJI CBOHMH rJIa3aMH (rJI. 64):
fOJIOBhI Bcex y6HThiX HM B 6010 CKHIj>CKHH BOHH npHHocHT
uaplO. BeJl.h TOJIhKO npHHecllIHH rOJIOBY Bpara nOJlY'laeT CBOIO
J1.0JIIO J1.06hl'lH, a HHa'le - HeT. KO>KY C rOJlOBhI CJl.HpaIOT cJle-
J1.YlOlllHM 06pa30M: Ha rOJlOBe J1.eJIalOT KpyroM HaJl.pe3 OKOJlO
Yllleii, 3aTeM XBaTalOT 3a BOJlOCbl H BblTpSIXHBalOT rOJIOBY H3
KO>KH. nOTOM KO>KY O'lHlllaIOT OT MHca 6h1'1hHM pe6pOM H
MHYT ee PYKaMH. BhlJl.eJlaHHOH KO>KeH CKHIj>CKHH BOHH nOJlh-
3yeTCH KaK nOJIOTeHUeM J1.JIH PYK, npHBH3h1BaeT K Y3J1.e'lKe
CBoero KOHH H ropJl.O llleroJlHeT elO. Y KorO 60JIhllle Bcero Ta-
KHX nOJIOTeHeu" TOT C1.J:HTaeTCH caMhiM .u.o6neCTHhiM MY:>KeM.
HHhle .D.a>Ke .n.eJIalOT H3 CO.D.paHHOii KO>KH nnalltH, CWHBaJi HX.
KaK K03hH llIKyphi. .!J:PyrHe H3 COJl.paHHOH BMeCTe C HOI'THMH
C npaBOH PYKH Bpa>KeCKHX TpynoB KO>KH H3rOTOBJlHIOT 'IeXJlhI
l(JIH CBOHX KoJlqaHOB.
fepOJl.OT KaK HCThiH 3THorpalj> He B03MYlllaeTCH. OH CKopee BOC-
XHllleH:
MHome CKHIj> hi, HaKOHeu, CJl.HpaIOT BCIO KO>KY C Bpa>Ke-
CKoro Tpyna, HaTHrHBaJQT ee Ha .D.OCKH H 3aTeM B03HT ee c
C060H Ha KOHHX.
BCeBOJIOil. MHJIJlep
3aHHH 0 HapTax, no
CBH3an
npaBpe
C Hoii TIpaKTHKoii 3nH30.u. H3 CK8-
rOBopH HCKJlIO'IHTeJlhHhlH 6. fepOH
5 f1). JIerpaH (Ph. Legrand) B H3,A,8HHH Bude, c. 84, npHMe'l. 5.
5 l!.HT. CT., c. 196-197.
('!!1 - COC.rI8n-C03blpbIKO, 06bI1.JHO Be,J,ylltHH Ce6H Meaee sap-
11. pCKH 7 .
COC.'13H npHHOCHT }KeHl.llHW:iM HapTOB CK3JIbTILI, H3 KOTOpbIX
IH'.lI1T CKpOHTb eMY llly6y. )KeHl.llHHhI B OT1.JaHHHH. nOCKOJIbKY Y3Ha-
1(>; O,'1H8 - OTU3, 11pyraH - 6pziTa. TpeTbSI - MY>K3. no cOBeTY KOJI-
l.' \'HbH OHH nOJl,CTpaHBaIOT TaK, llTO llly6e He1I.OCTaeT DOpOTHHKa. H
J ,mopHT COCJHHIY: «lho6bl HaM 3aKOH'lHTb llly6y, npHHeCH 30JIOTYJO
h<:)ihY c rO10Bbl t\\YKapbl. TapbIKOBa CbIlla!», paCCllHTblHaH r3KHM
--;p3.30:\1 nOC.rIaTb COCJIaHa H2 CMepTb.
COC.'1aH HaXO,J,HT !vlYKapy H npell.rIaraCT CMY Cblrparh i3 KOCTH.
;\- rOBOp: :-106e1I.HTCJIb OTpe)KCT y n06e}K}.ll"HHOrO ronOEY. l\lYKapa
!10(W}K)].eH H nO.QCT3B.lIHeT ro.nOBY. «Tbl OTBa)j{Hblfi MY1K, IV\YKa-
pa'.-- rOBopHT eMY Coe.11aH. OB C.D.HpaeT JIHlllb KO}KY C ro..-10BhI
,\\yt\apbl H Klla1.eT H3 pallY u.e'1e6IlYlO TpaBY, noc.:'IC 'Iero KOMa
JiiipaCTaeT 33HOBO. B03BpaTHBlllHCb K HapTaM, OH npHHOCHT TIO-
." QCUHbIi1 TaKM:!\1 06pa30M MaTepHaJ1. H >KeHlI1.HHhI npHIIIHB310T K
II! \. fie BOpOTliHK
llpyraH oc06eHHOCTb noxopOHHbIX 06pHlI.OB CKH4JOB OCTaBHJ1a
.iio6onbITHLdt CJIe;r, B HapTOBCKOM 3noce. 31'0 JKepTBOnpHHOllleHHH.
cDBepwacMble lIcpe3 roJI. BOKpyr KypraHa, B KOTOpOM nOKOHTCSI
".'ph (repOJ\OT, IV, 72)
Cny''::TH roJJ. OHH BHOBb cOBepllla...IOT TaKHe norpe6a1bHble
06pH1..bI H3 OCTaJIbHhlX C'Iyr nOKOHHoro u,apH BbI6HpalOT ca-
MbiX }C:ep..1I1LIJ: (Bee OHH KopeHHble CKH4JbC Be1I.b K3>K1I.bllf,
KOMY U.apb npHK3JKC1, .il.OJ1weH eMY CJIY>KHTb; KynJIeHHhlX JKe
3a ",eBhr" pa60B y uapH He 6hIBaeT). I1TaK, OHH YMeplUBJIHIOT
50 lIe:JlBeh H3 CJJyr )..J.yrneHHcM (TaK>K(" 50 caMhi}!: KpaeHBblX
KOHel'l). H3Bo11eK31OT H3 TpynoB BHYTpeHHOCTH. '-:fpeBO 01J.HllI.aIOT
H UdnO':WHtOT 0 I PYOMI1, a 3aTeM 3aUiHBaIOT. nOTOM Ha .D.BYX
ncpeBHHHblX CTOHK3X YKpen.JIHIOT nOJIOBHHY KO.rIeCHOrO 060.n.a
BbmYKJIOCTblO BHH3. 3 ,apyrylO nOJIOBHHY - Ha .QBYX 1I.PyrHx
LTOJl62X TaKHM 06paJo,,", OHH BKOiJa1lHBaIOT MHOro lI.CpeBHH-
Hblx CToeR H 060.aheB 3a1'e\1. npOTKHYB JIOllla..'1.eU TOJICThlMH
KO...1bHMH DO BCIO )]..rIHHY TYJIOBHllta 11.0 caMoH rneH, n01l.HHM31OT
Ha 060;1.h?. Ha nepP.QHHx 06011.bHX .n.ep}KaTCH n'1e'lH JIOIlI31I.eH.
a 3a.n..i-me nO..1.nn:palOT }J{HDOTbI y 6eJJ.ep. nepe.ilHHe H 3a.aHHe
HorH EOHCfi CDelllHB31OTC5I BHH3. He 1I.0C1 aBaH ).1,0 3eMJIH. 00-
TOM KOHHM Ha.n.CB3lOT Y3.n.e 1 IKH C Y!I..HnaMH. 3aTCM ImTrHBaIOT
y.];,(e1IKH H npHBH3bIBaKYr HX Y.. m.11bIlllKaM. Becx 50 YJJ",aBJICH-
HhLX IOHornCH Ca}KalOT Ha mIIC'j.i c.JlC__1,YIOIl..lHM o6pa30M: B Te'10
K3}K}I,OrO BTbIKalOT B)1.01fJ rnHHHoro xpe6Ta npHMoa KOJI .ao
ca10if rn('H. Top;.raw.nfi H3 mea HJUiOIHi.i 1i(..IC'U KO,,1:1 DCT3BJJ51-
lOT B 0'1 Bepel He. npOCBepJIHHOe B 1I.pyroM EOJ'e, npOTKHYTOM
CKB03b rY.iIODHlllC ,(GlIB: nOCT3SHB BOhp) r IorlL1ib T2KHX
BLC1j(!lYlKOB, (,Kmpu YXO)].H1'.
7 JIH, N!' l, C. 2--83 (Bc MH..IJlCP 027, I, 2, N!! 6, 3.11'''Pf : q,:IJ.;rf'p CnCJI<H'3
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H "K(TI1H('KOM 3nOC(' H3S€cTHbI JIHUlb ;10Wa..'I.H, Ha6HTble COJ1oMoA
I10-:::T;'!B.;1(:'HHble B n03}' fiCpe!I..BHI'aIOIIlHXCfi, HO He BCaltHHKH, npH
eM ;lPUI3ltH npell.HE.3HalleHhI BOBce He .D.IUI CJTY>KeHHH X03SIHHY B
aarpOOnOM MHpe, KBK TO 6b!J1O npe.llYCMOTpeHO .llJlH KOHe;; H IOMO-
me!:. KOTOpbIX paCCT:lB.rrH..'IH BOKpyr cKtl4Ja, YMepwero H noxopo
HCHi!Ort1 !'dIl H233,J.. B HapTOBCKHX CK33aHHHx 3TOT MOTHB BCTpella
f'TC5t npHMPHHTeJIbHO K KOBIO repoSI elU,e JKHBOrO, XOTb H 06pelleH-
Boro Y}:l- na CMf'pTb H BCTyrra-lOr.u.ero H CBoe nOCJIe.D.Hee npHKJIIO
';eHi1('
ClkJIMi em(-> >ro,.1BbIM npe.L1.npHHMMaeT He06b1qaiiHOe nOeemeHHe
t rpaHhl Mep iBhIX. \IToth1l nOCORe-rOBaTbCH TaM co CBOeM nOKOMHOR
AeH0I1 nn BhIxon.t 113 npeHcnO'J,Heii OH nOnaltaeTCSI H3 XHTpOCTb
CbIP.J.OF:.J. n03BOJIfHI er,-!y BbJBf.:;'"(a--:'l, .lBOfIHYIO TaMHy CBoeM nOfH6e-
IH: Ci.M{'I'O CnCJIBH'i MO}KeT nOCHtrnYTh CMepTh TOJIhKO Qepe3 KO-
.,'zeHl'J. a KOHSI ero --- 'tep€3 KOnb1T2. CbIPJJ.OH TOT':i3C JK€ cnYCKae-rCH
0011 'WMJIIO H BbInpallIMBaeT Y nOB€m'fTeJ1H lIepTeii nY'IHHKOB. CTpe-
.1Ib! 3HIX ..'IY1..JHHKOB nOpa'l\l:IIOT CH!-'1f BBepx KOnbJTa KOHH. nepe.n
TCM lUll< 1Knyn'HTh ltyx, ROHb rOBopHT CBOeMY X03HHHY 9:
«}-! YOJri. Pf) ThI ('HH!l.-fH C M{'II5i (llKYPY, c.n.eJIaii H3 Hee
()YP.[lIOJ{ H Ha6PH CO':JOMOH. 11 TorAH SI nOCTapalOCh JlOBe3TH
,.('OH r:.O!'w_.:.f:j-» COfblpblKO TaK H 1';1,:,J[3JI. Kor.D.d CblP.D.OH YCJItJi 4
mfl.;! {'JJ()113 }{uH51 , TO 1l0UeM3J1 nolI. 3€MJIIO K lIepTHM H cep.ltH.
1'" ('h}J3a'! n{ «(rl RbI. \1.f'p-rH, PbI, OC1bd HaKaJ1HBai-iTe KOH-
IFJ 'BOH.\ fTpf".lj lWKpaCHa, K3K orOHb, H CTpeJ1Hi-he». Halla:H'
\J(;'PTH H3t{[..;JUiB3Tb KOHllbI CBonx CTpeJi CHJIbHO KaK orOHh }.1
nyeJ<3Th n pelb1 H2 Bepx 3l'MJ1H. CTpeJ1bI nOnaJIH B }KHOT
l\IJH:H. (:o:rO'l3 ht'HblXHYJI3. H BeH 111Kvpa KOHH COCblpblKO cro-
pdO- IIpWlle!J COCbJpbJKO .llOMOi' neWKOM.
l !p"J."M, fo, ('O}J-I,F.lH?HMIO qepec1.lYP 4JparMeHTapHOM, BapHaH-
Te ;, _o'....]al-l. y i\01npOfO Hm'H OTpe3aHbI KOJIeCOM, OTnpaBJISIeTCH
H Lrpa_:-IY MepTBhlX Y>Ke He Ha BpeMH, a H3COBceM H TllleTHO HlU,eT
r.OHH. (_blfJ1l0H rOBOp,lT eMY: «B03hMH B Ta6YHe J1YQwero KOHH
y6eii ero H BbliJUrpOlHl1»... B TeKCTe 60JIhWe HHQerO He rOBopHTCSI:
HO ei1HH\ rHellbIr1 eMb1C JI COBeTa MO}I{eT 6blTb JIHIllb B TOM liTO re-
poi! jn &.eH nueHpanTb iKHBYIO JIOm3JJ.b B npH3patlHYlO, a6HTYIO
c(J.;!or.1OH. KOTDp,J.}i MOUIa ObI nOBe3TH ero Ha TOT CBeT.
::'hy 'reM)' 33HMt:'TBOB3JIH a6xanbl. B lIacTHocTH, OHa HCn0J1b3Y-
eTCH n...1f' 06'b5hHeHHs:! Toro, K3K CacpblKB3 JIHWHJICSI CBoero (IYJJ.ec-
J-!OI'O KOH}-J: Ihoy Ii. 3:0 neOH30WJIO BO BpeMSI BOHHbI Me>Klty HapTa-
,tH if B('..!l!I\:aH,nj,!. HeKI:IH BeJ1HK3H-060pOT€Hh TaKOH .>Ke XHT-
II JIH, t j(iO--- H:H
:u Kl1 l l:_, 133; cpo J1H, N!< -a. c. 104 (TIaMsmmKH, I, c. 4546).
J],J, Ii, 2"c, C 108 (O<jJa<jJ, C<...K, I, 1871, c. 173-(74). 0,,"11 .epKeCCK1IH
Bapi1aUr, 3aJ1HC:1HHUH B An31'oJUUI OU-It'IJE'H 6b1'1 D «J10K}I» II 1948 c 224
" II " 3 . 24 ' " " .
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030Y.
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TSI OHM H He npH3H3BaJIH ce6SI n06e-:>KJJ.euHblMH, 110 OC0601 0
Bpe.n.a npHIIHHHTb HaJH3M Y>Ke He MOl JlIl. llem-uil....cTo 1t.CB51Tb
6paTbeB repos:! C3CpblKBbI BepHYJ1HCh ltOMOr:. OCTaBHB eru 011.-
Horo B CTenH HapT npoltoJ1.>KaJ1 TpeBO>KHTi, BE'-:1HK3HOD. HE:'
n.aB3H HM onOMHHTbCSI H c06paTbCfI c n!.1,.1H. npHMeTHl!
KaK-TO CacpblKBa Ha CTenl-lOM ltopore cyx'Je iH":nOJ3a', ); () 11.'13('
Ta OfHHBO. «Or;--IHBO B CTenH?» -- Yltl-m'leHJ!O nthtY'Ma;j napT
He CJIe3aSI e KOHH. OH rrOJJ.H9JI lt06pOTlfO€' ('f Hl'I3u H riO:lOiKHJI
B KapMaH. EJl.€T CacpbIKB3 re6e JJ.3.'lhWf> H oUl.d_/Hap ;'{'}/ t\
CBoeMY KOHIO 530Y C TaKHMH C...-l0BaMH: «CK:iilq, !J't::, lJ.06pbIrt
.llpyr, CKOpO JIM CHMMeM 60eBoe CellJIO? )O"lro -"', XU!lHTb MHe
B ll.Ocnexa:x? CKOpO JIH 6y lteT KOHeu TOH Bm{He.)}) Ihoy
nOHSIJ1 pellb CaepblKBbI H OTBeQ3Jl 1..JeJ10BeQeCKHM rr}w'wco.
«KOH11.a Boi'me He BH.D.BO. Om'! T8K me ;,UTJHn::;a. KaE t MOR
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Ho TbI He rretlaJIbCSI, eCJIH YBH.D.Hlllh MeHfI 6e3.D.hIA2HHbIM CM£,-
JIO nOTpOIllH MOe 6plOxo. rw6eH ero CY;"OIO TpaBOH h 13111ef{
nOnpOqHCC 51 CHOBa O>KHBY H 6yltY .>I'::Hlh IT,O T('X nop, m.m3
CTpena He np06beT MHe 6plOxo. BOT Torlla-TO 3aropHTcH cy
xaSI TpaBa, a BMeCTe e TpaBolO croplO H n. 11 Tc6e npH.L1. eTCn
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CRMOM-TO .D.eJIe 6biJIO eeJIHK3HOM-060poTt--IeM. BblBCfl.aB Ta[my,
orHHBO BbIHa'IU H3 KapMaHa CacpbIKBbI. 11 BeJIHKB HM y.Ut8JIH
Bee, liTO XOTe;10Cb HM Y3HaTb. n B ITepn>,n )Ke ('xnaTKe B€JIH-
KaH-060pOTeHb Kpm:mYJI: «CTpJISIr!T€ TaR, if f06t.l CYpe1bI KOC-
HYJIHCh TpaBbl! CrpcJ1HiiTe TOJlbKO .i.O KOllbI'iaM .-\OH5I. I »
M MrHOBeHHO CTO C1peJI BOH3HJIOCh B KUHbIfil 1330) OH ]aW-
T8JICSI H yna.n. CacpbIKBa .>IGIBO BCIWPUJI 6plO:'U ht,.dJO. HaOH.'1
ero CYXHM crenllblM KOBblJIeM H 3aWRJI llpoqH'Ji, hHTKOH, !:CO
TOpOIO 3aiUHn8..1 ce6e 06YBb B nOXOlti.i't. 11 r}}KHJi (Jm.BHblH
KOHb 530Y! 11 C p>Kam--teM opocH.ncSi Ha BC.iTHKBEOB. nO-npe}K
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lIJaWKa CBcpK3.n3 nOlt06HO MOJ1HHH, KOHb ero cryqaJl KOTIhl ra-
MH TaK, KaK 6YJlTO cJIY l mJIOCb --JeMJIeTpSIeeHHe. 11 CHOB KPHE-
HYJI BCJIHK8H-060poTeub: ,CTpeJ1Hi-fTe B 6plOxo Kmno! leJIb-
TeCb TOJ1bKO B 6plOxo!» 11 B TO JKC MfHOBCliHe ::;10 CTP?JI BQH
3HnOCb B 6plOXO eJIaBHOrO D30Y. 11 PYXHY.n KOHL 11 - (!bLiaJ',
KaK KOCTep H8 Bt'TpV. C TpY.D.OM HhI6pa:h.H '';_) or,. ('.1('--
pbJKBa.
repoii npo}1.0.rI>KaCT 6HTbCH neWHM, J::H.:e Be r!JH\'-I__ib-" B n,,: l!iit:iJe
H BeJIHK3H-06opOTeHb, Cpa>KeHbI, 110...
13.
195

CacpblKBa pbl;raJI H3JI. rOpCTblO 30iJbI. KOTOpaH 6b1JIa KOr-
r).J,a-TO orHenoiJ.06HblM KOHeM, nOHHMaBLUHM H3b1K, K8K Ileno.
BeK, M}'.n.pblM H npeJJ.3HHhlM, KaK qeJIOBeK, H -YBbI! - TO>Ke
CMepTHblM, Kal\ qeJIOBeK.
11 OH HHKOr.l13 He YTeLUHTCfI, 11 31'0 nOHSl1'HO: C nOTepeH E30Y
Jl.JISI repoH H£P-HmaeTCH Qepe.n.3 HeCIl3CTHH, KOTopble 3aBepw3TCH
CMepTblO.
nOXOpOHHb!e 06PBtlbl CKHq,OB -- TaKHe, KaKHMH HX onHCblBaeT
repOtlOT,- npetlno.'araJOT pa3BepHYTb!C npe.QcTaBJIeHHB 0 IIocMepT-
HOH .>KH3HI1 H3 TOM CBeTe, KOTOpblH OTHlO.llh He orpaHHG:HBae-rcSi
Kypr.UfOM: BeJJ.b B CTOJ1b He6oJlI.LUOM npOCTpaHCTBC IlHTb:leCHT
npH3palJ:HblX Bca.a.HHKOB H He MOrJlH 6bl OKa3aTb YMepweMY 6onh-
lllHX YCJJyr, TeM 60Jlee lJ:TO OHH H He 6b1JlH norpe6eHbI BMeCTe c
HHM. HH fepOtlOT, HH J1YKHaH, HHKTO tlPyroH H3 tlpeBHHX aBTopoB
HHtIerO He rOBOpHJl 06 '3THX Bepon3HHHx Bee, qTO Mbl B COCTOSlHHH
CJlenaTb,- 3'1'0 rBnOTeTHlJ:eCKH nepeHeCTH B JlpeBHHe npeMeH3 Kap-
THHY Toro CBeTa, KOTOpylO PHCYIOT COBpeMeHHb!e OCeTHHb!,- B TOM
Mepe, B KOTOpOH 31'3 Kapnma He CJlHllIKOM no.n.BeprJl3Cb B..'IHflHHIO
«a3HaTCKoro HpaHa», Beero EJIHJKHerO BOCTOKa 11 MHe HelJ:ero .n.o-
6aBHTb K TOMY, '170 H ITHeaJI 06 3TOM nHTbJleCHT JleT Ha3all. 12:
Bc. MH,'JIep, M. 1(0BaJIeBCKHH H tlpyrHe B CBoe BptMB
nOK333.'JH, 'ITO HpaHcKaSi 1!HBHJlH3aLUiSi H peJlHfHH Ma3JJ.eH3Ma
OCTaBHJlH MHoro C.'JeltOB B 06blIl3f1X, BepoB3HHHX H J1erCH.n.ax
KaBKa3a H tla>Ke CeBepHoro KaBKa3a. :ho .QOKa3aHO. Ho He
cne}l,yeT npeYBCJlW:lHBaTb 3Ha'leHHe 3Toro BJlHSlHHH 13.
HanpHMep, B ApMeHHH H fpY3HH H .Qa>Ke B OCtTHH MO>K-
HO npOC'leltHTb BepOBaHliSl, Ii.n.YIUHe OTTYJla H, BHltHMO. BOCXO-
Jf.Hll.lH€ K Ma3lteH3MY,- H 3'1'0 TeM 60Jlee BepoHTHo, 'ITO B
Ht?KOTOpblX ropliblx palioHax rpY3HH npOCJleJKHBalOTCH OCTaT-
KH cBoeo6pa3Horo noxopoHHoro 06pH.n.a, npeJJ.nHcaHHoro 30po-
aCTpOM, C HaCTOHlllHMH «KpyraMH MOJl'IaHHH». Ho BepHeMcSI
K oceTHHaM: nocMepTHoe nYTemecTBHe ltYIllH onHCblBaeTCSI y
HHx TaK 14: yttepwm\ YHII.SI OT P0JJ.HbIX, HCKaKHBaeT Ha JlO-
1lI3,lJ.h BCKope 011 BCTpe'laeT Ha eBoeM nYTH pa3HblX Jl030pHblX
H JJ.OJDKeH ..a.aTb HM HeCKOJlhKO .:1eneWeK -- H3 Tex, '11'0 npe.n.yc-
MOTpHTeJ1bHO 6b1JlH nOJlO.>KeHbI B MOrHJ1Y. 3aTeM OH non,xo.n.HT
K peKe, 4cpe3 KOTOpylO EMeCTO MOCTa IIepeKHHYTO 6peBHO.
Y peKE CTOHT AMHHOH. npe>Kllt 'IeM IIponYCTHTb YMCpIl1erO,
01-1 LlonpaWHBaeT ero. AMHHOH, rOBopHT oceTHHLI, H 6e3 TOro
Bee 3HaeT 0 >KH3HH K<!>KlI.OrO, a BonpornaeT TOJIbKO C TeM,
 :OULI }"BBJteTb, CT3HeT JlH YMepwm1 Jlr3Tb HJlH 'IHCTocep.n.e'l-
12 ..'lH, c 200-202.
13 A6ae ':':'T.'b.:, .?'T" n ".,nTH!e HHW'l'''O:Hpu
H A Illmpnep, Uli7. C7 . c. 27
196
H() npHJ.UCIO! B CBOHX 3a{).iIY.ftC1CHJULX. EeJ1H YMepUIHH rOBO-
pHT fIpaB...1.}', !-\MHHOII IJl-'OnYCKaeT elO II PYlJ:aeTCSI 3a Hero
nepell. lIapTaMH. ECJlH >Ke on Jl}f{eT, AMHHOH 6heT ero no
I y6a.M Bt:'HUKOM, BblMOLJ:eHHbLM B KpOBH, H - BnOJlHe BepOHTIIO,
XOf}/ B TCI\CT3.:\ 06 ;jTOM IU.jLjcro lIe rOBopHTCfI,- 6pocaeT B
BOllY Botl HoraMH >Ke npaBora, a BepHee, IIpaBtlHBorO 6peB-
HO paCWl1pHeTCH, 3aKpenJlHel'CH H CT3HOBHTCSI BeJlltKOJIenHblM
MOCTOM. Ha TOt! CTopOHe peKH YMepWHH BCTpe'laeTCSI. KaK H
C03blpblKO B CK338HHH 0 ero nYT€llIeCTBHH B 3arp06H1:lH
MHp 15, C npOTHBOI!OJlO'>KHDIMH no C!bIC1]Y, HO paBHO noyqH-
T€JlbHbIMH 3peJIJTU{3MH, CIJCTOHiLI.HMH 1-13 CLleH Be'IHoro B03l(aSl-
HHH H Del!Horo B03M('3;J.JU:I. MY>K H >KeHa HHK3K He MorYT
YKPb'TbCB l(e."oii II1KYPOH OblKa (Ha 3eMJIe cy"pyrH llJIOxa
JIai\H,1H ,"pyr c tlpyroM); llpyrHM MY>KY H >KeHe IIpOCTOpHO
1101\ 3aB'!beii lIJKypOH (cynpyrn Ob!,1H tlPY>KHb!); M}'>K'IHH8
CH,lJ.HT Ha :lb....1.} 3a Jle.l1S1HblM CTOJlOM H >KyeT JleltSlHble 6J1IO.lla
(6blBlIJHii HellpaBCtlHb!H CytlbB, KOTOpb!H pewaJI B II0JIb3Y 60-
raTblX H CHJIbHbIX); MY>K'IHHa CHtlHT B cepe6pBHoM KpeCJIe 3a
cepe6pBHb!M CTOJIOM, Ha KOTOpOM KypBTCB 6JIarOBOHHB (6b!B-
WHH cnpaBellJIHB"'H cytlbB); KaKoMY-TO 'IeJIOBeKY 6b!K >KyeT
YWH (6b1BlIJuii KpecTbBHHH; npH >KH3HH OH tlYMaJI JIHWb 0 CBO-
eM 6blKe, B TO BpeMli KaK JIlOiUI ro,"OtlaJIH). HaKOHeLl YMep-
lllHH npH6blBaeT.Ha pacnYTbe Tpex .Qopor. .LJ:Be KpaHHHe Be-
tlYT: OitlIa - Ha He60, tlPyrali - B npCHCnOtlHIOIO; JIY'Iwe Bcex
cpeJJ.iUHI }'b6paBllJHi': ee norraJJ.aeT TY;'la, rJle Ha TpOHe B
OKpY>Kei!HH HapTOB BOCCetlaeT Llapb MepTBb!X 5apaCTb!p. 5a-
paCThip npHHHMaeT ero It npHrJl<::lrnaeT ceCTh...
«MOCT» Ba TOT CB£'T, HeCOMHeHHO, Bell.eT CBoe Ha'lanO OT
MCl3;I.eH3!\t3. TaK >Ke Kal\ «Y3KIiH MOCT» Y apMSlH, CMOCT-BOJIO-
CHHK3» y rpY3HH Bee 3TH 6peBHa, BOJIOCHHKH HMelOT CBOHCT-
BD paCWHpBTbCB IIepetl tlywoft npaBetlHHKa H YTOH'IaTbCB IIe-
peJl LlYWOH rpelllHHKa, COKpaI1l3S1Cb 11.0 TOJllllHHbI Jle3BHSI Mella.
OltH31\0 npH I'aROM npe.n.nOJlO>K€HHH HanpalllHBaeTCSI MHO-
)t;eCTBO «HO. Bo-nepBblX, MOCT ynoMHHaeTCH B MH4>ax. eonYT-
CTBYIOIllHX norpe6aJIbHoMY pHTyaJIY, HO HHKOrtla He <!>HrYPH-
pyeT B CKa3aHHHX 0 HapTax. MeJK.n.y TN.. BO MHorHX cKa3a-
HHliX nOitp06HO OTiJiCblBalOTCB nputJb!THe K 5apaCTblPY YMep-
lilHX repoeB, ()TJIYKa H,j. f:Tp3HbI MepTBblX «nOKOHHHKOB40T.
nYCKHHKOB» H B03Bpall.leHHe HX. .ilaJKe nocellleHHH Mpa'lHOf'O
06HTaJlHll1.3 :-JeMHblMH H36paIHUiKaMH. HHKTO H3 HHX HHKor.u.a
lie BCTpelJ:aeT IIH MOCT3. JlH AMHHOHa. 5h1BaIOT npenHTCTBHSI.
HO 1pyroro pO,'J,a: JtBepb KpeHK3, Ii He Ka>K.LI.blH, KTO XOlleT,
MO}i(€T BXO;I,HTb J.I AbIXOllHTb. a 1I0'lbi0 LlBepb Bo061LI.e He 01'-
EOJHtlOT... Bo BeeM 170M Hey HH'IerO M33!lCHCTCKoro.
i\'\. KOBa.'1eBCKHii B03BOJI,HJJ npHMO K Ma3.n.eH3MY H 06P33
5apaCTblpa, «lrap" MCpTBblX> 060CHOBaHO JIH no? Me>KJTY
flHMOH H oapaCTLlpOM HeT CTW'Ib TOqHblX aHaJlOrHH, 'IT06bl
Ii Kr. c. 126-134
197

MOJKHO 61>1J10 npeJJ.n0J10JKHTh 3aHMCTBonaHHe. A TaK KaK occ- .
THBbI H Hpam.!bI A3HH paBBo HaCJIeJl.HHKH eJl.BBoro apHHcKoro
HapOJl.a, Y KOToporo, 6eccnopHo, 6b1JI -I1BJl.HH TOMY J1.0Ka3a-
TeJIbCTBO - «BJIa.llbu<a MepTBblX», TO ropa3.n.o eCTeCTBeHHee
BHJl.eTb B 5apaCTblpe 'IHCTO OCeTHHCKHH nepCOHa>K. 11 3TO TeM
60JIee BepOSITHO, i({TO, He C,qHTaSI MOCTa, TI()TYCTOPOHHHH MHp
B oceTHHCKHX CKa38HHSIX rOpa3.ll0 6JIH>Ke K OTIHCaHHoMy B
CTapHHHblX BeJl.H'IeCKHX JIereH)J.ax, 'IeM K TOMY, 'ITO IjJHrypH-
PyeT B Ma3J1.eHCTCKHX. '-Iepe.l\a «Ha3HJ\aTeJIbHblX 3peJHIII.!», B03-
HHKalOlllHX Ha TIYTH HOBoro TIOKOHHHKa HJIH rep05l, KOTophrH.
nO.l\06HO C03b1pblKO, nO."Y'IaeT npaBO >KHBblM nOCeTHTb npe-
HCnO.l\HlOlO, HMeeT TO'lHble napaJIJIeJIH B HCTOpHH 0 6paXMa-
Hax; J1.Ba BapHaHTa ee 6""'H H3Y'IeHbI CHJIbB3HOM JIeBH 16.
Eor BapYHa, pacnopHJl.HTeJIb aJl.CKHX MYK, C'IHTaH, '!TO CblH
ero 5xpHry CJIHllIKOM caMOHa.n.eHH, «OTHHMaeT y Hero lI.blxa-
HHC» H .n.aeT B03MO>KHOCTb TIOCeTHTb a.n..
nepCJI. rJIa3aMH 5xpHry pa3BOpa'lHBaIOTCH 3peJIHma, KOTO-
pble MO>KHO Ha3BaTb «H83H.U,aTeJIbHblMH BCTpellaMH», no.o.o6-
Hhle TeM liTO OTIHCblBalOTCSI B oceTHHCKHX CKa33HHSIX. H CTOJIb
>Ke 3araAO'lHble. fepOH He MO>KeT HX OCMblCJIHTb B 06pama-
eTCII 3a pa3'bHCHeHHeM K OTLIY - TO'lHO TaK >Ke KaK C03b1pbl-
KO, KOTOphlH, He CYMeB pa3ra.llaTb lleTbIpex HJIH TIRTH «Ha3H-
J1.aTeJlbBblX BCTpe'l», BblHY>KJl.eH 6b1JI cnpocHTb 06 3TOM Y cBoeH
nOKoHHoH >KeHbI. napaJIJIeJIH3M 3THX J1.BYX «EO>KeCTBeHHblx
KOMe.l\HH» CTOJIb HeCOMHeHeH H HCTOpHB 6paxMaHoB paccKa-
38Hbl TaK TIO-Hapo.n.HOMY, ({TO Hanp31l1HBaeTCSI BOTIpOC, He .iIe-
>KHT JIH B OCHOBe 06CHX O.llH3 CTapHHH3SI HpaBOYIIHTeJ1hHaSI
apHHCKaH cKa3Ka, coxpaHHBlllaHCH B I1HJl.HH H Ha KaBKa3C.
U; S. Levi, La doctrine du sacrHice dans les Br-ahmanas, 1898, c. 140.
XIX. YMEPIIJ,BJIEHI1E CTAPI1KOB
AMMBaB Mapl.!eJIJIHH OTMe'laJI, 'ITO aJIaHbI npeJl.nO'lHTalOT CMepTb
H3CHJIbCTBCHHYIO, repOH'leCKYIO. 3 K 3anIHYBLUeHCSI CTapOCTH OTHO-
CIITCH O'leHb CypOBO (31.2,22).
YCJIaJl.Y, KOTOpylO nOKoHHblM H MHpHblM YMaM !:l0cTaBJIlleT
OTJl.bIX, OHH (aJIalIbI) HaX0Jl.HT B onaCHOCTHX H BOHHe. Y HHX
C'lHTaCTCSI C'laCTJIHfl:bIM TOT KTO HcnYCKaeT .llYX B Cpa>KeHHH,
a JlO>KHB8IOIItHX JJ..O CTapOC;H "YMHpalOlU,HX OT CJIYllaHHhlX
60JIe3Hefi OHM npeCJIe.n.YIOT JKeCTOKHMH HaCMell1K8MH, K8K .BhI-
POJl.KOB H TpYCOB.
Eme Y CK!1IjJOB n.l[BHBH (ECT HCT. 4, 26) H nOMnoHHH MeJIa
(3, 5) OTMe'laml, '1TOJIIOJl.H,. He >KJIaH .CTape:b, OXOTBO .nOJl.'1BHH-
!1HCb satietas uitae (IIJIBHBH) I, ulUendt sattetas magIs quam
taedium (MeJIa) 2: OBB 6pOCaJIBCb B Mope no 06b1'1alO C BbiCOTbi
lKa...1h1. CQHT3H ::ITO ltJ1H ce6SI genus sepulturae beatissimum 3 H
funus eximium 4.
OceTHHCKHH HapTOBCKHH 3TIOC xpaHHT BOcnOMHHaHHe H 0 TOM
H 0 l(PyroM OObl'lae. B lIaCTHOCTH CBSI3blBaSI 3TO C caMblM CJIaBHhlM
rcpoeM nepBoro nOKOJIeHHH - Ypbl3MarOM. BOT MaH60JIee 3MaMe-
HHTblH BapHaHT. r1I.e HHlHl,HaTHBa HCXOJlHT 07 caMoro cTapeJOw ero ,
a MOJlOlthie .D.JlJI BHJl.Y COTIpOTHBJIRIOTCSI 5.
CoC'rapBJICR HapT Ypbl3Mar, 06eCCMJIeJI. Y>Ke He XOJl.MJI OH
B TIOXO.llbI, Y.>Kt:' He cnpaIlIHBaJIa Y Hero COBCTa HapTOBCKaH
MOJIOJl.e>Kb. CpeJ\M cneCHBblX MOJIOJ!blX HapTOB HalllJIHCb H
T3KHe, KTO CMeHJIt;JI Halt HHM, IOBOpR, liTO, MOJI, HeT OT HerO
HaM HMKaKoro npOKY. YTpOM HbIXOJ(BJI OH Ha Hblxac H npOBO-
J1.BJI TaM l.!eJIbie l.!HB, CJIYlllaH JIIOJl.eH: CMOTpeJI, KaK CTpeJIIIJIB
M3 JIYKa MOJloJ!ble HapTbl, BcnOMMHaJI CBOM MOJIOJl.ble rOJl.bI H
B03BpamaJICH .1l0MOH ne'laJIbHblH. «3x, eme 6h1 xOTb pa3 no-
6b1BaTb MHe B nOXOJl.e!» -- CKa3aJI OJl.Ha>K.llbi Ypbl3Mar H npH-
llleJI Ha 60JIblllOH Hblxac HapToB. CHJl.eJIM Ha Hblxace MOJIO-
I npecblJ..UeHHIO }Klf3HblO (peJ]..).
2 npeCbUl,leHHIO ,lI,O OTopalLleHHH (pe,ll,.).
3 Bna:H<eHHeHIIIHM BH,lI,OM norpeC5eHHH (pe.a..).
4 OT'HHblMH noxopOH3MH (pe,ll,.); BapH3HT y fl3bITOB (C3pMaTOB): CTapHKH
33CT3DnJlIOT V6HB3Tb ce6f1 Me..aMH cnOH]!: Cbl!lOB€H,- Ba1epdI !laKK, AproH3s-
THKa, 6, 122--=-125.
, Kr. Co 60 (HK, Co 53).
\QQ

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CTapOCTH. He OTKa3b1B2.:1 H B3M B COBeTe. HbIHe me COCTapHn-
CH 5I, H HC rOJJ.Ha saM MOH CTapaH rO.!'!OBa HH Ha 4TO, KpOMe
MOpOKH. CJ\eJIaihe 1KC MHC 33BTP3 60.%!lJoii CYHJ\YK, T06",
n'lOTHO 3anHpaJIC5I, nO.'IO:>KH.Te MeHfI B Hero H 6pOCbTe B MO-
pc: HeJIb35I MeHH XOpOHHTb B HapTOBCKH.X MOfHJIax». HeKoTo-
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II naMflTHHKH. J, c. 38.
7 I\r, c. 189 (HK, c. 204).
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203

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TO'lHHKa, H3 KOTOpOro 6epYT BOilY OCa>KlleHHble. OocJle 60JlbrnHX
KOJIe6aHHH ero npOTHBHHK BblXOAHT H3 KpenOCTH H npH6JIH>KaeTCH,
lJT06bl YBH.a.eTb MepTBhlM CBoero JIIOTOro Bpara. B KOTOpOM, cornac-
HO HeKorophiM BapHaHTaM, yme KonOrn3TC5I 'lepBH. COCJI3H BCKa-
KHBaeT H lIH60 y6HBaeT, JIH60 K3ne'lHT HeOCTOpO>KHOro.
H TOJIbKO B OIlHOM oceTHHCKOM BapHaHTe K nOR XHTpoli npo-
lIeJlKe 1I06aBJlHeTCH He60JlbrnaH t(eTaJlb 2. OOHHB, '1TO CblPIlOH
p.a3h1rpa.....' ero H IITQ IOHhlH COlO3HHK Y>Ke He BOCKpeCHeT,
COCJlaH OTnYCTHJI CBOH BOHCKa, a caM 3ape3aJI 6hlKa, BhlnOT-
pornIJJI ero H Borne." BHYTPb KaK pa3 Me>KIIY HIOHeM H
IJIOJleM 3. OH o,er Ha 6epery rJly6oKoro py'ibH, H3 KOToporo
6paJln BOilY JlIOIIH KpenOCTH rOpH...
I nHTb BapH8HTOB 6HJIH ony6JIHKOBaHH B JIH, 1'19 25, c. 96-99; JI,pyrHe
CCblJlKH CM. B I\f (KpOMe npHBeJI,eRHOrO TaM B8PH3HT8 H3 HK).
2 naMflTHHKH, II, c. 50 (TeKcT Ha ML JI,HaJl.).
3 (00.) )1(. llIapallIHJI,3e (Les cultes paiens dans la montagne georgienne.
sect. 1, chap. 3) OTMe'lSeT TOT 1Ke MOTHB B 4JOJlbKJlOpe xeBcypOB: BOHcKO jvari
(sHreAGB) lie MO}KeT npoHHKHYTb B KpenocTb kaji (J],eMonoB), Ii TOfJI,a CB. reop.
THU «06"bHDJlHeT, 'ITO OR CMOJKeT npoihH. TaM 6b1J1 llaBllIliH KORb, II OR [CD. feop-
TH"] DJJe3 BH}'Tpb .:)TOTO Tpyna». K CO>KaneHHIO, B TeKCTe He rOBopHTCH 0 nOC'leJI,.
CTBHflX JI,3HHOH onepaLlHH, IIjTO He n03BonHeT YTOIJ:HHTb ee H83H3'leHHe.
205

3T3 lteTallb HMe1a Y COBpeMeHHblX TOJIKOB3T€lleH Heo6h1'lanHblH
ycnex. B qeM OTq3CTH nOBHHeH S1. ileikTBHTeJIbHO, B orUfOM H3 npH-
MeqaHHI'i K KHHre «JJOKH» (1948 r.; HeMeUKHH nepeBoJJ. - 1959 r.),
rJJ.e c06paHbI Bce paCCKa3b1 0 K03HI!X CblpJJ.oHa, I! nHCaJI:
«YMaeTCI!, qTO peq{, HJJ.eT, C OJJ.HOH CTOpOHbI, 0 >KepTBO-
npHi-fOllIeHHH B qeCTb nOKoHHoro. a C ltPyroH - 06 aKTe no-
K35IHH5I. C3MoYHH>KeHHH».
J1 5I OTMeqaJI. qTO .aeHb cOBepllIeHHSI nocTynKa. npHypO'leHHOrO
K ..1eTHeMy COlIHLleCTOHHHIO. cOr..'lacyeTC5I C p33HblMH COJ:me'lHblMH
4epT3MH llWlHOCTH CoolaHa. B qaCTHOCTH C ltaTOH ero rOJlH'lHOro
npa3JJ.HHKa (HIOHb H."H HIOJIb, no Bc. MH."JIepy) H y5HHCTBOM ero
Ko."eCOM OHHoHa, npHCJIY>KHHKa «OTua 110aHHa». (...)
Ho C3Moe opHrHHallbHoe npHMeHeHHe 3TH HeCKOJIbKO CTpOK
HallmH B 1963 r. Ha HHX OCHOBaHa HllTepnpe-raUHI! oceTHHCKoro
CKa3aHHI!, npeJJ.JIO>KeHHal! npo<jJeccopoM B. 11. A5aeHblM Hero
H305pe-raTe.%HO aprYMeHTHpOHaHHOH CTaTbe, C}'Tb KoropOH I!CHa
H3 caMoro ee Ha3BaHH5I: «TpOHHCKHH KOHb. KaBKa3CKHe napaJIne-
."H> (AI EO, 1963, NQ 6, novembre-decembre). nOJJ.05HO TOMy KaK
rpeKH H3-3a >KelllllHHbl OCa:>KltaJIH TpOio H He MorllH B3HTb ropOJl
CHlIOH. 3 AXH....-1....-1 nOTepHJI npH 3TOM CBoero JIyqrnero copaTHHKa 
KaK H KOHue KOHUOH OHH JJ.05HJIHCb ycnexa, npH5emYB K XHTpOH
npoJJ.eJIKe C «KOHeM», HHYTPb KOToporo 3a5paJIcI! OTpl!JJ. HOHHOH,
BOMCKO COCJIaHa T3K>Ke OCa>K..n.aeT KpenocTb XH3a H3-3a 1KeHlllHHb4
He MO>KeT B35ITb TBeplthiHIO CHJIOn, COCJl3H Tep5IeT npH 3TOM CBoero
IOHoro. copaTHHKa H B KOHue KOHUOB 065I33H n06eltOH XHTpOCTH C
JI>KeTpynoM, KOTOpblH, COrJIaCHO BapHaHTY B naMI!THHKaX II, pac-
nOJIaraeTCH BHYTPH cneLlH3llbHO 3aKOliOToro H BblnOTpOl1JeHHOrO
5blKa.
YBJIeqeHlIO pa3BHBal! 3TY MblCJIb, A5aeB paCCMaTpHBaeT H TpO-
I!HCKOro KOHl!, H 5bl%1O IIlKYPY COCJIaHa KaK <jJO,'bKJIOpHble OTro-
."OCKH JJ.peBHeH lIlaMaHCKOH npaKTHKH (<<05."aqeHHe B IIlKYPY >KHBO-
THoro», nepeOCMblc."eHHOH H nepeOpHeHTHpOBaHHOH B CBeTe 50JIee
n03JJ.HHX npe.nCTaBJIeHHH, H TaK pe310MHpyeT ypOK, BblHeceHHblH H3
rpeqecKoro 3noca H H3 OCe-rHHCKoro CKa3aHHI! (c. 1055): «MarHI!
C.HJIbHee 0PY1KH5I. H rnaM3H CHJlbHee BOHH3».
B JJ.aHHOM cJIyqae pa350pa 3aCJIY>KHBalOT He CTOJIbKO JJ.a>Ke 3TH
nOCJleLl,OB3TellbHhle YM033KlllO'leHHH, KOTophie He JIHl1JeHbl OCHOB8-
TellbHOCTH. CKOllbKO HMeHHO .aeTa....-1b. OTMe'leHHaH B BapHaHTe na-
MHTHHKOB II. npHnHCblBaeMhle eH 3H3qeHHe H .apeBHOCTb; ueHHOCTb
>Ke OCTaJIbHOro 6y.aeT 3aBHceTb OT Ha.ae>KHOCTH 3TOH OTrrpaBHOH
TOqKH.
A6aeB CqHTaeT. tHO BTopoe npHMeHeHH€ 3Toro MOTHBa. paHee
He HMCBrnero napaJlllelleH. OH 06Hapy:>KHJI B OltHOM a6xa3CKOM CKa-
3aHHH (c. 1047) - B BapHaHTe, KOTOpblH 3anHca."H B 1945 r. oH
caM H 3HaTOK a6xa3CKoro q,OJIbK."Opa III . I1HaJl-l1na. Pe% HJJ.eT
o lllHpmm H3BeCTIIOM paCCK33e: GTo6bI B3HTb KpenocTb. KOTOPYIO
5e3ycnelllHo OCa>KJJ.aIOT HapTbI, CTa.%IIOH repoH HapT naTpa3 (oc.
9f1h
EaTpa3) 3aCT3BJlfleT BhlCTpeJ1l1Tb c06010. KaK MeTaTeJ1bHhIM CHapH-
lI.OM. B CTeHhI HllH nOBepx HX. COrJlaCHO 3TOMY 3anHcaHHOMY n
1945 r. BapHaHTY, B TOT MOMeHT, KorJJ.a HapTbl Tepl!IOT Hane>KJJ.Y
npeycneTb B CBoeM npeJJ.npHHTHH,
nOflBJIHeTCH HapT naTpa3. «3aBepHHTe M€UfI B KOpOBblO IlIKY-
py H 5pOCbTe B KpenOCTb»,- roBOpHT OH. HapTbi 05."aqaIOT
naTpa3a B KOpOBblO IIlKYPY H 3anYCKalOT B KpenOCTb, KaK
CHapR.a. naTpa3 COKpywaeT CTl'HhI. H HapTbl OB.TJa.uCB03IOT Kpe-
nocTblO.
ilBa c6....-1H>KeHHhlX HM reKcTa A6aeB KOMMeHTHpyeT TaK
(c 1051-1053):
Bo Bcex CJlyt.taHx 3TO nepeOlteBaHHe B WKYPY }KilBOTHOro
npe.acTaB..1HeTcR cOBepmeuHo 6eccMhlclleHHbIM. 3aqeM naTpa-
3Y. KOloporo C06Hp31OTCR MeTHYTb B KpenocTh. 113.a€B3Tb KO-
pOBblO UlKYPY? MO>KeT 6bITb, JJ.."H TOro, qT05bl aMOpTH3HpO-
BaTb yltap? Ho KaK35I aMopTH3allHH HY>KHa CTaJJbHoMy re-
pOlO, 3aKaJIeHHoMY B He6ecHoH KY3HHue?(...) ,"I qero Coc-
JIaHY Ha.ao 6blli0 B'le3aTb B 6h1IIblO IlIKYPY? 4T06bl H3MeHHTb
BHelllHocTb? 1-10 H3 TeKCT3 5ICHO BHltHO. '1ITO 3THM OH HHKoro
He Mor 06M3HYTL. Bce npCKpaCHO 3Ha....-1H. IITO 3TO Coc..'IaH, a
He 1IL0X.'lb1H 6hIK.. 3a4eM IIY>KHa wKypa 6h1Ka TOMY. KTO npH-
TBopfleTCfI MepTBblM H XOlleT, IIT06h1 Bce ero BHlte....-1H H npH-
HHMallH 3a MepTBeu.a 4? 4T06bl coxpaHHTb 3TOT MOTHB B
TaKOH 5IBHO 6eCCMhICJleHllOH ClfTyaU.HH, HY>KHO. IIT06h1 B CKa-
3HTeJle }!UJlIO TBep:1.0e y6e>K.aCHHe, II 1'0 nepeo.aCDaHHe B l1JKY-
py :>KHBOTIlOro 6bWO Ba>KHblM 11 HCYCTpaHI1MblM 3lleMeHTOM
paCCKa3a...
nOltIIepKHYB. IITO CKa3HTe....-111. OT KOTOphiX 3anHcaHhI H OCTHH-
CKHH H a6xa3CKHH BapHaHTbl, '--lHC....-1RTC5I CpeltH caMhiX ,nOCTOHHhlX
nOBepHH. aBTOp JJ.06aBJIHeT:
4eM 06'b5ICH5IeTCfl HalIl I1IlTepec K MOTHBY rep05I, OlteTOrO
B rnKYPY >KHBOTHoro? CKameM np5IMO: ero 6eCCMbl:JIeUHOCTbI<?
B JJ.aHHOl] cHTyau.HH. Mbl y6e>K.aeUbI, 'lTO 303 3TOH BHltHMOH
a6CYPJJ.HOCTblO eCTb CKpblTblH CMblC.": significabile qllia ab-
surdum. 3TO He napa;WKC 3THorpaq,aM H <jJOJlbK."OpHCTaM
3HaKOMbI no.a06HbIe HBJ1eHH}{: 4JaKT. a6cypltHhl1i CerOltHR. oKa-
3blBaeTCR nepe:>KHTKOM Lle'lOrO, HeKor.n..a HMCBrnero npelte-
lleHllblH CMbICll... 3aJJ.a'--la 3THOliora Ii HCTopnKa peJlHfHH qaCTO
3aKJ11OIIaeTCH B BOCC03JWHHH HCKOHHoro 3UaQeUHH nenOHHTHblX
apXaHQeCKllX 3JIeMeHTOB.
t MOlKilo JI,3>Ke YTO'lHHTb: on XOIJeT, IJTo6hi lJce npnHHM3J1H ero HMeHi-JO 33
MepTimrO COCJI3lJ3.
207

Bce 3TO BeCbMa npO!l.YMaHHO H. B OCHOBe cooeH Bepno. Ho Tal{
'Hi Y>K paCCMaTpHBaeM35I .!I.eTa'lb «6eCCMblCJIeHHa B ltaHHOH cHTya.
UHII» - C.,'WBUM, TaK JIH OHa HenOlUITHa? MHe 3TO nepeCTallO Ka-
3aTbC5L KOrl],a Coc1all 33KaJlblBaeT 6blKa II lIO>KHTC5I B ero lliKype
oI1eTOM - Me.,>KJ,y HlOlleM H HlO'1eM,- 3TO He :>KepTBOnpHHOllieHHe B
tleCTb nOKOI1HHKa, He aKT nOKaHHJUI H.....1H. caMOYHH>KeHH.H. Ho 3TO
T<:lK>Ke H He CTaBee 6eCCMbIClleHHbiM BocnOMHHaHHe, He BOCKpe-
lUeliHe waMaHCKml npaKTHKH nepeOJIeBaHHfI >KHBOTHhiM npH'.J:HHa
ropa3i\O npOille.
COCJlall 3aKlIHHaeT CMepTb. nOllTH BO Bcex OCTa.....1bHhlX oceTHH-
CKHX BapHaHTax OH npH. 3TOM orpaHHtLHB3eTCH TeM, qTO npHKHltbl.
naCTCfI. «CBe>KH.M McpTBeUOM». HanpHMep: «OH lIO>KHTCH B rpH3H,
OT6poCHB Met} J],OBOllbHO lta'leKO OT ce65I» 5; H.....1H: «B TpaBe rYCTOH
..1e>KHT !feltBH>KHO» 6, Konbe ero KpHBO BOH3HlIOCb B 3eM'lIO, H 06Ha.
>KeHllhiH Mell «CHpOT.'lI-iBO 6pornCH», llll-iT - qYTb Jl,aJlblliC, a qepHuH
lli'leM - B BO.!l,e 7.
B qepKeCCKHX BapHaliTax HeT 3TOH nO.!VJ.elIKH. nOlt MepTBeu.a,
KOTOpafl. nOlt CH.'lY Ka>K.J,oMY. B HHX npHBHOCHTCH 3JIeMeHT BOJIllJe6-
CTBa. «OH He TO.%KO MepTB,- roBOpHT OTUY JJ.O% Bpara C3YCblPbl-
KO B ltHOM a6a.ll3eXCKOM BapH.allTe B,_ OT Hero Y>Ke H ltyx HlteT
JJ.ypHOH>. B O;(HOM H3 Ka5apJJ.HHCKHX BapHaHTOB Bpar, IIBHBlIJHi!CII
nOCMOTpeTb Ha MIIHMoro MepTBeu.a. rOBopHT eMy: «ThI lle>KHWb B
CTenH H rHHClllb!»
B 60Jlee peaJIHCTHqeCKOM ll1ancyrcKoM BapHaHTe >KeHIUHHhI KO-
TOpble npHlIJ.qH 3a BOJJ.Oi! H 05HapY>KHJIH MepTBoe Te.qO, rOB';pIIT:
CC3YChlPblKO lIe>KHT TaM MepTBNH 6JIH3 HCTOqHHKa, H B HeM Kono-
llJaTCH 'IepBH»; Bpar, npH6JIH3HBllJHCb BCJIe..! 3a HHMH, 'IT06h1 OC-
Kop6HTb C3YCblPblKO, KPHqHT: «3i!, KO"JJ.YH C KpHBblMH HoraMH, B
Te6e qepBH KonowaTCH!..»
ha pa3HHLla Me>K,J,Y oceTHHCKHM H 'IepKeCCKHM onHcaHHHMH
CTaHeT nOHHTHOH, eC.....1H BcnOMHHTb, 'ITO y oceTHH COCJIaH (C03h1pbI-
KO) - TOJIbKO repoi!, TOrJJ.a KaK y qepKeCOB C3YCblPblKO nOM HMO
Toro H, 6h1Tb MO>KeT, ,aa:>Ke 60llee TOrO el.l1.e H KOJlJlYH, cnoc06HblH,
B 'IaCTHOCTH, npH)),aTb ce6e ll1060H BHlt, KaKoH nO>KeJlaeT 9.
Ho, nO.ll06HO TOMY KaK ..'],pyroe HMH 3,!,oro nepCOHa1Ka 3aHMcT-
BOBaHO oceTHHaMH Y llepKccoB, MOTHB pa3I1aralOI.1.lerOC5I Tpyna TaK-
>Ke npoHHK B HeKoTopble oeeTHHCKHe BapHaHThi. HanpHMep, B
«HapTbl KaJI,lt>KblT£P»: «DH pacTRHYJICH 6.HH3 HCTO'lHHK3, OTKYl1.a
:>KHTellH 6pa. J IH BOJ],Y, H npHKHHYllCH TpynoM, Y>Ke nO.....1HhlM 'IepBeH»
(c. 103).
5 n3, WallaeB, CCKr, V, 2, 1871, c. 8.
, H30H, 1957, c. 252.
: A. H J\HKOB.TapaCOB, 3KOHPrO, 22, 4, 1903, c. 31-32
G. DumezlI, Documents Anatohens Sllr les langues et les traditions du
Cauase, I. 1960, c. 103 ( 133), c. 104 ( 142).
TaKHM o6pa30M, OH BOcnpHH5IJI qepTY. cBoikTBeHHYIO oceTHHcKoMY Cup.
JI.OHY - nepCOH3>KY. Hc t le3HYBllIeMy y 'lepKecoB. 06 :flOM pa3JJH<lHH JI.BYX THnOB-
CocRaHa H C3YCbIPhiKO - CM. BblllIe, B rJI VII, c. 74
?OR
Ho 3TH lIepT3 fl.BHOrO 4apo,aeHeTBa MaJIO COrJlacye-rCH C XapaK-
TepOM oeenmCKOrO repOH. BOT nO'leMY B BapHaHTe, ony6J1HKOBaH-
HOM B naM5!THHKaX II. KOTOphiH Hac 3lteCb 33HHMaeT, CKa3HT€Jlb
XOTb H ynoMflHYJI 0 llepBHX, HO 06"bHCHHJI nx npHCYTCTBHe TaK, 'ITO
KaKoe-lIH6.? qapOneflCTBO HCKJllOllaeTC5I. OepeqHTaeM YKa3aHHoe Me-
CTO C 3TOH TOllKH 3peHHfI, He OTpblBaH ero OT KOHTeKCTa.
COCJI3H OTnYCTH'l CBOH BOHCKa, 3 caM 3ape3aJl 6h1Ka, BhI-
nOTpOUHW ero H BOrneJI Ty,aa KaK pa3 Me>Klty HIOHeM H HIOJIeM.
OH .qer Ila 6epery r.qy50Koro PY%H, KYila npHxoJJ.H.1H 3a BO-
JJ.0i! mOJJ.H H3 KpenocTH rOpH. Tpyn 5b1Ka BeCb 3aqepBHBeJI.
11 >KeHlllHHbl, npHlll€JIlliH€ 3a BOltOn, ltalOT cBoeMy X035IHHY T3-
KOH OTlleT:
«COCJlaH JIe>KHT MepTBhlH nOA KaKHM-TO TpynoM 6blKa,
Hero eltHT lJepBH».
Bee 5ICHO: COe'1aH, He BJialteH npHeMaMH 'IapOlteHCTBa, Bee )Ke
XOqeT npHJJ.aTb ce6e BIlJJ.HMOCTb Tpyna, B KOTOpOM KonOllJaTCII 'lep-
EH, HHaqe rOBOp5I, HY>K,aaeTC5I B «HCTOQHHKe» 'IepB€H BHe C06CT-
BeHHoro TeJIa. H BOT OH B.qe3aeT B lIJKypy 5b1Ka, KOTopall noJJ.
>KapKHM COJIHueM Ha'lHHaeT 6b1CTpO pa3.qaraTbCII (OTCIOJJ.a - YKa3a-
HHe H3 BpeM5I rOl1.a: «Me>KJly amistol H sosren» - MeC5Iu.bI JleTHero
CO,'HueCTOHHHII), H TaKIlM 05pa30M qepBH oJJ.HoBpeMeHHO nOKpblBa-
lOT II MepTBoe H >KHBoe. )KeHI.l1.HHbl, npHllJe,alliH€ 3a BOltOH, nOMa-
IOTCII 05MaHY, BO BCIIKOM c.qyqae He pa3JIH'laIOT: JI>KeTpyn npeJJ.CTa-
eT nepelt HHMH BeCb B qepB5IX, npOHCXO>Kl1.€HHe KOTOpNX HM H He
npHxo,aHT B rOIlOBY YTOqHHTb.
Clle.llOBaTeJIbHO, 3TOT CIO>KeT He TOJIbKO He eOXpaHHeT apX3H'Ie-
CKHe, HenOHHTHhie H, 3H311HT, a6cYPAHhle 'IepThI, HO CBH,l!eTeJIbCTBY-
eT 0 n03,aHeH H eltHHH'IHOH nonblTKe paUHOHallbHO 06'bHCHHTb Jle--
Taol1b, 3aHMCTBOBaHHYlO H3 qepKeCCKOH TpaltHu,HH H MaJlO corna-
CYIOI.1.lYIOC5I C 'IHCTO oceTHHCKoii KOHLlenUHeii 06pa33 .9TorO repOH.
'-ho me KacaeTCH 6b1'lbei! lIJKypbl, B KOTOPYIO 3aBOpaqHBaeTCII
naTpa3 B a6xa3CKOM CKa3aHHH,- He ,aJI5I 3aK.....1HHaHHH CMepTH, HO
B MOM€HT, KOrlta OH npeBpam3eT ce6H B MeTaTeJIbHhlii CHapRJl,-
TO H. 3TO 06"bHCHH€TCH BnOllHe eCTeCTBeHHblM 06pa30M: BonpCRH 3a-
Me'laHHIO A6aeBa, lIJKypa CJIY>KHT aMopTH3aTopOM. OKa3aTeJIbCTBO
TOMY -ltpyrofl a6Xa3CKHH. BapHaHT, ony6lIHKoBaHHblH nO'lTH OAHO
BpeMeHHO CO eT3TbeH B «Annales» 10: UBHLl- 3lteCb OH BhlcTynaeT
ltBOHHIIKOM naTpa3a,- npe:>K.lle qeM 3aCT3BHTb BblCTpeJlHTb c060H
110 CTcnaM Bp3>KeCKOH KpenocTH, npe.llIIHCbIBaeT HapTaM:
«PaCTonHTC nHXTOBYIO CMOJlY H nOKpoihe MeHfI elO rYCTblM
C10eM C Hor 11.0 rOJIOBbI. nOTOM nOJ],HecHTe MeHH K KpenOCTH
H nepe6pOCbTe llepC3 CTeHY, nOJ1.06no CYMe JI.OpO}t(IIOH....» II.
10 DpHKJL, c. 228-234. B PYCCKOH £I!tanTaUHH 6o'1ee CMKUfi a6xa3cKHH TeKCT
IJepe,naH napaqJpa30H, HO CMblCJI TOT .>Re. Coo).
II TaM }Ke. c. 230.
14 3aK. 772
209

Hapn. JleJIalOT TaK, KaK OH rOBOpHT,- H BOT pe3yJIbTaT, eCJIH
CMOTpeTb H3 KpenOCTH:
UBH\.{, BeCb nOKpblTbli\ CMOJIOi\, nOJIeTeJI. OH yna" Ha
a€MJIIO. H CMOJla npeJI.OXpaHHna era KOCTH 12.
KOpOBbll rnKypa naTpa3a, 6e3YCJIOBHO, HMeeT TO }!{e Ha3Ha'le-
HHe. XOTII y naTpa3a H CTa,1bHoe TeJIO, KOTopoe He MorYT COKPY-
lilHTb HH opy»me. HH KaMHH. neTf1ll1.H€ co CTeH KpenOCTH, Bee >Ke
flCHO CKaaaHo, 'ITD Y Hero, KaK H Y Bcex JIIO.lleH, ecTb «KaCTIi» no-
3BOJIHlOlllH€ eMY ltBHraTbC5I: H HMeHHO CBOH CYCTaBbI, 3TH XPYKHe
MexaHH3MhI, H3 KaKoro 6bl B€ll.1.eCTBa OHH HH 6h1J1H C03ltaHbl- op-
raHHQeCKOrO H.....1H MHHepaJlbHoro.- CTpeMHTCH DH npeltDXpaHHTb OT
YJlapa, KOTOpbli\ MO}!{eT HX pa36HTb. 3<jJ<jJeKTHBHOCTb TaKHX Bo06-
pa>KaeMblX £IMopTH3aTopoB MO>KHO, KOHe'lHO. ocnapHB3Tb, CChiJIaHCb
Ifa 6a'lJIHCTW-leCKHe paCqeThi. O.llH3KO CK33HT€Jlh HX npHHHMaIOT-
If Toro .llOCTaT01.lHo.
TaKHM 06pa30M, 3nH30Jlbl C EaTpa30M H COC.1aHOM-C03b1PblKO
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/X3KYNHR3nbHble peTpo4JJIeKCHble (KOH'IHK fl31:1lKa KaC3e-rCfI Re6a); S 5o-JI.Be pa3-
HOBHj1HOCTH rnyxoro lllHnHw,ero 30yKa.
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B OCeTHHCKHX CJlOBaX y nepe.D,aeT 3BYK (<;hI». 6'H3KH" K «3» (3 Ha JI,pyrHx-
H3b1K3J..-d'i:»). j nCpeJI,3eT «i'i:»; B oceTHHCKOM a'-3TO «a», 6J1H3KHH K «9».
Ha H3b1K3X CeBepo-3ana.llHoro KaBK3sa q - 3TO rnYXOH rOpTaHRWH. - rny-
xoA Jl3TepanbHI:1lH, r _ caAR», S i sij -lll'HnHw,He, OTJlHQRYe OT S, Z. J; 3HaQOK '
(a T3K)Ke B PYCCKON «MHrKHH SHaK») o3HaQaeT nanaTanH3allHIO, 3HaQOK D_
na6H3nH33UH1O, . - rnOTTanH3aUHIO (Kpan:aH CMW'lKa fOpT3HH oocne npoH3Hece.
JlHR 3BYKa) _npeJI.I:1lJI.YllJ,ero eorn3CHoro; B aj1b1rCKHX 1).- npHJI,I:1lX3HHe C 6ernbiM pe-
SOHaRCO" «0».
B apMRHCKOM 1- 3TO 3BOHKoe I, a 3H3'lOK ' nornow,aeT npeJ1b1JI.yw. HH co-
FJ1aCHI:1lH.
B Hcn8H)J.CKOM p, d paBH03H311HI:1l aHFn. dh» FnYXQMY -H 3BOHKOMY, Y - rn3C-
HhlM, 6J1H3KHA K c»P3H1..{. «U» (HeM. eii»), j - nonYFn8CHwif OT U.

o BHBnHOrPA4>HH
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ApHCToTenb. HHKoMaxoBa 3HIKa, I, 7; c. 162_
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148--155, 182, 183, 184, 206--209,
210
ABX 143, 145
aDxaTbi 132, 140-141, 145, 146, 151,
219
AJjHIOX IIB, 123-130
aBprb 118, 120, 123
AHcaH8 46-49
A.araTa 161-167, 177,203
aJI8Hhl 7, 10, 60, 199
Ane"," 163, 203
AJleKCaHJ,I;p MaKeJ,l;OHCKHH 7. 133
AMBHOH 175, 196, 197
Apax,,3ay 22--24, 33
apJ,l;, ApJ],2MoHra 176
Apee 13, 14, 22, 23, 25, 50, 57, 60,
61,62,64, 72, 76, 168, 191
apHMacnbI 82
ApnoKcaHc 132, 148
ApeaBoM 211--212
ApT)'P 66. 70.
rErt-xuron (Xur £e.) 112-113
AUH.Jla 58-63
AxcapTarKaTa 19, 29, 41, 44, 46, 52,
162, 164, 165, 177, 200, 201
ALla, AuaTa 24
aLl3HbI 31, 32
AlIbiPyxe 97, 98, 107-118, 122, 130
EaJ],bIH, EaJ],bllloKo 201, 202
Eancar (Eap-, Man-, Mapcyr) 74, 77.
110, 116
EanbJjp 72, 77, 89-90
EapaC"fbIp 108, 175, 189. 191, 197, 198
6aCK" 203
D37pa3 (I1:n.3p33 E3, OaTpa3, naTa-
pa3) 13--39, 40-46, 63, 64, 65, 67,
69, 72, 94--95, 168, 170, 171, 176,
178, 1RI, 190, 195, 206--210 (!..\BHlI)
31, 33, 38, 209 (MeaHa) 46-49
ba-xfiPlOisyn 189
EEHBEHVlCT 3. (BENVENISTE E.)
9, 133, 138, 147, 14R
E30)' 194--195
EHLleHT3 IS, 164, 168
Eor 29, 39, 42, 43, 44, 84, 85-86, 105,
113
EopaTa 18, 19, 29, 41, 162-164, 165,
166, 200, 201
EOPHc4J{,H, 60plic<tJeHHTbI 114. 132
Eypa<jJapHblr 19, 23, 29, 33, 41, 44, 75,
165, 166
EypXOp.A,'H 18,63, 166, 176
Ba.:l3BMBKJlT 178, 179, 180
8030 (U3 KYJ1b-06a) 156, 218
BAJIEPHYI <J>JIAKK 142, 143--145
BacHwTXa 101, 102
BC.i!HKaHbI 17-18, 26, 29, 34, 35,37-
38 91-93 107 121--122 195-196
8uHozpaoHuK: 8u02pad,wR 'A0311 178,
180, 184, 186
2adaTeJ1U. npedCKQ311TeAu. eeoYHbt, BO-
pO"'eu 27, 28, 51, 53, 151, 154. 155
f AfKAEB K. E. 175
rAfJIOEB 10 C 218
rAJIAfATJIb A M. 29, 30. 86. 124,
129, 163
rCpaKR, fepKY"gec 44, 45, 72, 82, 218
fecnm 114, 115
rPAHTOBCKHYI 3. A. 142-144, 151,
153
rpVlCBAP)K (GR1SWARD J. H.) II,
13, 66-68, 70, 71, 95, 96, 169
2pOM (u MOAHUR) 51, 52, 53
2PUifJOHbt 82
Gudyrty kom 53
rYTCaKMI 120, 122, 123
JIapHH 7, 114, 132, 133
JIoH6eTTbJp (T"') 15, 17, 168, 171
JIHop<jJoe 76
iJO'lb COAHl.{a 75, 78, 97, 102--107,
108-110,114,115,117
oyxu 21, 29, 42, 43,44
EMbIUe.>K 79, 80, 81
'38e3iJa 91, 92, 159
221

3eDC 114, 141, 168
3eMJleoeJlUe 18-19, 41. 52-53, 161-
167
30Ko-sme (BoKo-'me) 25, 26. 29
3bl,jlX8 31, 32
J1.TJbH (EJIHa), CBHTOH. CM Y"aUliJIJI3 13.
44, 50, 51, 85, 94
HHAJI.HnA ill. JJ.. 206
HHl1pa 13, 14, 50, 57, 103, 135, 178
Hopl1aH 59, 60, 63
Hcnbl 25. 126
YlOCHJJ.A A. (YOSHIDA A.) 11
KaHTa6pbI 203
capillati 155, 156
KapHa 71, 104, 105
KQmny.'lbTa 35
KaTHapbJ 132, 141, 146
KHMMepHHLlbi 213-215
KJlAnpOT fEHPHX 1j>0H (KLAP.
ROTH H. von) 8
Ko.1aKc 142, 143
KOAeco '74, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86, 93, 95, 96,
110, 122,205
KOAbf/.yza 105, 136
KOHU 27, 29, 48, 73, 81, 82, 91, 92,126,
134, 189, 190, 193, 194
IWTeA 36, 178
KpbIM-CYJlT3H 63
KYH 31, 32, 33
KYH A. (KUHN A.) 8
KYPl1anarOH 17, 19, 43, 112
Kypy, Kypoc 98, 102, 104
KyxynHH 64, 95, 96
JIunoKc8HC 132. 150
JlHTTJlTOH C (LITTLETON C. S.)
11
JIoKn 11,89
AljK 23, 24, 37, 42, 59, 92, 134, 136,
159,160
nllTH.ll3C 183, 184. 186
.1fleYWKa 16
Mapc 58, 60, 63
MapYKo 26, 27, 29
Maxa 169-170, 172
MeJI3HXJTeHJ:>I 6
MEJlETHHCKHYI E. M. 75, 79
MeJl103HH8 25, 3]
"',"u 21, 23, 26, 43, 58, 60, 61 66-
69, 134, 191 '
MHJlJlEP B. <J>. 8, 9, 10, ", 54, 56, 76,
78, 83, 113, 175, 188, 192, 206
MHTpa 76, 149
MO.llllT6a 061l{UR 52, 112
MO.l71-tuH 51, 52, 53
Hall 141
HapllJKXOY 118. 122 CM. ApaXJ!.3ay
HapT8MOHra, Yau..(bI)aMOHra. AMoHra
36, 173-178, 182
HacpaH-aJI.J.ap 31
HacpeH )KaK3 31
HHoe.1YHfH 58
1I11XaC 24, 106
05A5JCH T. (OBA Y ASH I T.) 1 I
OrY3-Karau 159, 160
()CeTHHbl 7-12 H no TeKcTY
OCHpHC 186
oklapodes 152, 153
WleHIJ 94. 106, 107
na.:t 141
naHl1aBbJ 99, 105, 116
napaJlaTbI 132, 141, 147
IIHDO 178, 183, 184, 185, 186
rileati, pilophorikoi 155, 156
nO.'1YQepHblH-nonyceJJ.oH 35, 180, 182
nnxopoHbl 188, 198, 199,209-211,216
J1ca6bJl1a 123, 125 127
nYWKa 30
PAEBCKHYI JJ.. C. 218
pOHr 182
CaBHTpH 99, 100, 102
caBpoMaTbI, capM3Tbl 6, 7, 10 145 187.
199 ' ,
CaHHar.anl1ap 19, 20, 40, 44, 190, 191
CaMBapaHa 99-105, 115, 116
caHa (caH3) 182
CaHan3 183 186
CaT3H3, CaaHeH, CaTaHbeA 16, 17, 19,
23, 24, 33, 49, 65, 66, 73-75, 80,
82, 92, 180, 182, 200
CaYMapoH EYPJ],3at5ax 48, 49
Calj>a 112, 113
CBeT CBepX'beCTeCrneHHblii 97, Ill, CM.
Tananl, AUblPYXc, AJ!.HIOX
CtfHOne 183
CUMnAezaObl 49, 80
CIWJlbn 192. 193
CKlllj> 141
CKH<jJW 6-12, 59, 90, 132133 138,
139, 147, 151-155, 160, 168 183,
192194, 199 210, 211. 225
CKOJlOTbI 132
CMHT 11, CnEP5EP JJ.. (SMITH P..
SPERBER D.) 161-167
COCJIaH, COCpblKO, C03b1pbIKO, COCpYKO.
C9YCblPblKO, CacpblKBa 14, 17, 24, 25,
29, 33, 36-39, 41, 71, 75, 76, 78-
85, 8792, 106ll0, 115. 118124,
128, 177, 179181, 191, 198, 205-
210, 212
C(,roml 43
sph'ia 134-135
CTapKa.!I. 44
CTapUKU 199-203
cTpeAbl 17, 23, 24, 27, 29, 42, 50, 92,
. 134, 135, 136, 159, 160, 194, 195
Cbloanu. 115
CbJpnOH II, 16, 20, 42, 65, 72, 76, 122,
171, 194, 195,204,205
C30ccep9c, C3YCblpbl>K 85, 86
Ta6HTH 97, 114, 115
TanaTH, TanaTbH 97, 101, 102, 104, 105
TaprHTaH 114, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139,
142, 149, 166, 219
TOTpal13 (ToTpew) 73, 191
TOKcapHc 151, 211
Txo)l{, Txo)l{eii 80, 81, 82
TxaroJle.L!.>K 79, 80, 82
TpacnHH 132, 141, 146
T yTbJp 45
TbJXOCT 13, 50, 54. 56, 112
YaCTbJpl1"'bJ (T"') 17, 18, 57, 94, 178
 altHJIna (T"') 17, 50-54, 57
YbJpbJ3Mar 16, 49, 106, 182, 199-201,
215
cfIa'J],Hc 84
XA3AHOB A. M 115, 137-139, 150,
159
XaMbJlt (XbJMbJllt) 15, 16, 18, 19, 25,
26-31, 3941, 49, 131, 168, 169,
176
uonnafJ 51
l.[BHlt 31, 33, 35-38.
"awa 30, 133, 174-178, 182, 192
l1eJI3XCapTar, CblH XH3a 17, 177
<lepTU 52, 194
lJYMa3blii 23-24, 181
WAPAWHJJ.3E r. (CHAI{ACHID.
ZE G.) 31, 185, 194
'HapeH 131, 154, 168
2:Ed, daw:Eg (33lI;bl H lI;yarH) 42, 45,
191, CM J,J;YXH

B. H. A6aee
)f(OP)f( LUOME3HJJb
<I>p..UIIJ:Y3CK3H Ii MHpOn3f! HaYKa nOHeCJlB HeB03BpaTHMYlO YTpaTY. 11 OKTSl6-
pH 1986 r B TIapmKe B B03paCT€ BOCbMH;:J,eCHTH BOChMH JleT CKOHQaJICJI OT KpOBO-
H3JJHHHHH B M03r npo<tJeccop College de France, <;IJleH WpaHL{Y3cKOH BKB).I.eMHH
HaYK >Kop>K .lllOMe3l1Jlb HaY'lHBH ..'!,t'HH:'JlbHOCTb .llJOMe'1HJJH CTOJlb 0611IHpHB H
MflororpaHHB. QTO J],3Tb ell OI{eHKY B pa\fJ\8x neCKOJIbKHX cTpaHHLl HeB03MOlKHO.
B neKpOJlOre, H.1:WHC3HHOM .iK311-nu'pOM JIeoHap;:J,HHH Ii TJOMew:eHHOM B ra3eTe
«IOM3HIH€:b 13 OKHI6pH 1986 r _ Me>KD,y npOI.JHM. rOBopHTCfI: «DblJI JIH OR HCTO.
PIHWM, 4JHJIO10rOM. MHc!JO.'10rGM. JJHHrBHCTOM, rpaMMBTHCTOM, BHTpOnOJlOrOM?
OH 3HaJI npHMcpHO TpH..'!,Q8Tb H3bIKOB - OT ra:J.'IbCKOro ,no C3HCKpHT3, OT OceYHH-
CKOro J],U Ke 1 IYB. B cpaBHHTeJlbHOH MH4JOJlOfHH MbI 06H33Hbl CMY OTKpblTllCM TO
PCIU3IOUJ,CH PWIH, K3KYIO Hrp3'JH npH <tJOpMHpOB3HHH HH.lI.OCBpOneHCKHx UHBHJ1H33-
HHf! }K P e ll., B 0 H H H 3 C M 'J C .it e J1 (' U. 3TO 6bJJ1 HCC.TleJJ,OB3TCJlb, He YKJl3J],bf-
B31OIl.{Hiks-l I-IH B K3KHe K'aCCH<tJHKaUHH (inclassable). OH nepeKHHYJI MOCTbI MeH<JJ,Y
MHorHMH nHClumJlHHaMH KaK onpeneJJHTb 3Toro HenOKOJle6HMOro rYM3HHcTa,
..noro 6ecCTp3wHoro HCK3Te.:m, 3TOT ynHBepca.'JbHblH YM, KOTOpoMy Mbl 06H33HbI
6aCHOCJIOBHblMH OTKpblTHJlMH lIa nonpHme 1JeJlOBe<IeCKOA MblCJJH? OH 6b1Jl OJJ,HOH
H3 caMblX KpynHblx HHTe:J.'JeKTyaJIbnblX <tJHryp HallierO HeKa:..
B pe'Ill, npOH3!1eCel-1HOH I1PH BCTynJlelfHH .lIJoMe3HJJJI B AKaJJ,eMHIO HaYK, KnoJJ,
JIeBH-CTpOCC rOBopHn. «L!.IOMe3H.TJb BOCKpeIIJaeT B n3MJlTH Te npOIIJJJble BpeMeH3.
KOr)r3 TBOpUhl (Ies createurs) 6hlJlH TaKoro 4JopM3Ta, KaKOH Tenepb K31KeTCH 33
npCJ],eJJaMI-J J],OCTmf(HMOH)>>
)l(oP>K .lI.IOMe3HJ1b (Georges Edmond Raoul Dumezil) pOJJ,HJJCJI B OapH>Ke
4 MapTa 1898 L OKOH'IIi.'J £cole NormaJe Superieure B 1916 r. C 1919 L-
<1JJ,'bIOIIKT-npoctwC'cop; C 1924 L- .lWKTOP HaYK. B 1925 L npHe3>K3eT B CTaM6yn
II po 1931 r. COCTOHT npo<tJeccopoM CTaM6ynbcKoro yHHBepcHTeT3 no cneLlH3nb-
HOCTH HCTOpHH pem-rrlliL B 19311933 rOJJ,bI- JleKTOp YHlIBepCHTeTa B YnC3J1e
(lIJBel}uI) BepuYBlI1liCb IJ napH>K. OH C 1935 r. B03rJl3BJlfleT K3<tJeJ],py cpaBHH-
TeJlhHOrO H3YQeIlH5I peJlHfHH HHJ],oeBponeHcKHx HapO.lI.OB B Ecole pratique des
Hautes tl1d('s. Be.ll:eT KYpC apMHIICKoro Jl3b1K3 B Ecole N3honale des Langues
Vivantcs (1(J:i7-194R). 33n€J],yeT Ka4JeJ],poH I1HJ],oeBponeikKoH LlHBHJlH33LlHH B
College de France (1949-1968). B J968 r. yxomn H3 nCHCHIO co 3BaHHeM nOQeT-
HOro npocf1eccopa Colhge de France. B 1976 r. CTaHOBHTCJI J],eikTBHTeJlbHllM t[JJe-
HOM cIJlJ<\IIIlY3CKOH aKaneMHH HaYK (Acadcmie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettrcs).
MllponylO H"'tBeCTHOCTb npHHeCJJH .lI.IOMe3HJIIO ero HccnellOBaHHH no cpaBfIH-
Tf'JlLIIOMY JnY'ICHH1O pelHrHH Ii MII<tJOJIOrHH HHJJ,oeBponeikKHx HapoJ],oB_ OH HBJlJI-
eTC)l C03J],aH'JleM UIHpOKO H3BeeTHOH Tenepb TpH4JYHKIIHoHanbHofi TeopHH. CYTb
:noH TeopHH O'leHb npocTa. L!.IOMe3HJlb HCXOlJ;HT H3 Toro, '1TO CTPYKTyp3 peJlH-
rH03Ho-MH<tJ0JlOfHlleCKHx npeJ],cT.8BJlemIH HH;J;OeBpOneikKHx HapOJJ,OB He Morla He
OTpa>KaTb CTpYKTYPY HX COLlHaJIbHoro CTpOJl n eOUH3'IbHbl?C OTHOIIJeHHH: «Mn<tJll
HeJlb351 nOHJlTb, eCJIll OTOpB3Tb HX OT >KH3fIH JJIOJJ,eH, IWTopble HX C03.l1:a.'1H» 1. 0 CO-
Llll.8.'JbHoii >Ke CTpYKType lIflJJ,oeBponeHCKHX HBpOJJ,OB y Hac HMeIOTCH BO MHOrHX
CJI}llaSlX COBepmelfHO H3J],e>KHble CBH.neTe.'JbCTBa OT rJly6oKoii J],peBHOCTH y 3THX
H3pUJ],OB onpeJJ,e.nH.'JHCb TPH COunaJlbHble <tJYIIKI{HH: KYJIbTOBafl, BoeHHaH H X03J1HCT.
lIeHH3H. nepBYIO npeJJ,CTaBJlJlJlH >KpeLlbl, BTOpylO - BOCHllbie BO>KlJ;II, TpeTbIO - 3eM-
JIeJJ,eJJbUbl H peMeCJJeHHHKH. CBOIO KOHLlenLlHIO .llIOMe3l1....lb oc06eHHO J],eTaJJbHO pa3-
pa60T3JI H MaTepmlJle J],peBHepHMCKoii, CK3HlJ;HHaBCi\OH, HHlJ;OapHHCKoii, .!I.peIlHe-
HpaHCKOH H CKH<tJo-OCeTimCKOH NH4>OJlOrlUl 11 3nOC3 2 OceTHIICKaH TeM3 HeH3MeHHO
npJlCYTCTByeT B p36oTX .llIOMe3HnJl Ha'IHHaH C 1930 rOlJ;a. KorJJ,a nOHBHJl3Cb ero
BeJIHKOJJCnHaH 1\HHra 0 HapToBcKHX CKa33HHHX [3], Ii JJ,O nOCJJeJJ,HIIX lJ;HeH Bcno-
MHHaJl 0 BCTpe43x co CBOHM He MeHee 3n3MeHHTblM COOTe'leCTBeHIIHKOM .'1HHrBH-
CTOM 3MHJleM EeHBeHl1CTOM, OH, Me>KJJ,Y npolll1M, fOBOpHT: «Mbl 6b1J111 eJJ,HHO-
JJ,YIlIHhl, npH3H3BaJl Ba)l{HOCTb JJ,JlfI eBponeHCKOH H3YKH lIapOlJ;a oceTHH, nOCJleJ],HHX
nOTOMKOB CKH4JOB::t 3. Ha'la'o ero HHTepeea K oceTHfIaM BOCXOJ],HT I< 1926 r., KorJJ,3
B £cole des Langues Orientales OH cMoTpe.'1 BbicTaBKY KHHr H >Kypna.'JoB lIa
Jl3b1KaX COBeTCKHX pecny6'1HK. «SI HanaJI,- nHllIer Olf, Ha neCKO.'1bKO CTpaHHlloce-
THIICKHX CK33aHliH B PYCCKOM nepeBoJJ,e. 51 nposeJi '1aCTb Moero OTnYCK3 33 IITe-
}UleM =nHX TeKCTOS, BOCXHlUeHHblH HX COJJ,ep>K3HHeM. OCCTHHCKHH Bowe.'1 II MOH
HHJJ,oeBponeiicKHe 3aHflTHH. t.heHH6..CTaTbH TyranoB3 "KTO TaKHe H3pTbI?" y6C..'lH.'10
MeHJI, <ITO oceTHHbI COXpaHHJIH B CBOHX CKa33HHSlx n3MHTb 0 COUHaJJhHOH cHcnMe.
6J1H3KOH K JJ,peBHeliHJJ,HHcKOH» [4, c. 27]
TPH4JYHKHHOHaJIbHaJl TeOpHJI nlOMe3Hmi lIaWJla IIJHpOKHH pe30HaHc B rYMa-
IIHTapHoH HaYKe Bcero MHpa. OCHoBHble ero TPYJJ,bl 6b1J1H ncpeBeJJ,eHbI lIa HeM-
KHH, IIJBeJJ,cKHH, JJ,3TCKHii, aHrJlHHCKHH, HcnaHcKHH, HT3.rrbHHcKHH, JlIJOH1:KHii H3b1KH.
.lI.Be ero KHHrH CTaJiH lJ;OC1ynHbI H PYCCKOMY "lHT3TeJlIO [5; 6]. OOJlHYIO KBaJlH-
IJJHLlHPOB3HHYlO 6H6JTIfOrpa$HIO KHHf H CT3TeH J].IOMe3HJlJI MO>KHO HaiiTH B nOCBH
lUeHHOM eMY C60pHHKe 1981 r. [4, c. 339-349].
I1HJJ,oeBponeHcKHH MHp B era HJJ,eOJlOrllQeCKIIX MaHII<tJeCTalUifiX 6b1JJ npeJJ,Me
TOM ero MHOrOJIeTHerO HanpR>KeHHOrO HCCJlelJ;OBaHliJl. Ho 3THM Ill' OrpaHH1IHB3JIaCb
era HaYllH3J1 aKTHBHOCTb. BTopoH ero npHBH33HHOCTbIO H3 rrpOTJI>KeHHH JJ,eCHTHJle-
THH 6hlJl K3BKa3, lJapoJJ,b{ KaBKa3a, HX H3blKH, lIX MH4JonorHfI H <tJOJlbKJJOp.
Mhl rOBOpHJJH BbillIe, lITO II Te'lCHHe J],B3J],Ll.8TH .'leT L!.IOMC3HJlb B03fJlaBJlHJJ B CoJl€ge
de France Ka4Je.npy HIIlJ;OeBpOneikKoH LlliBIIJlH3aLlHH Ho eeJJ" 6b1 B College cy-
llleCTBOH.8J'Ia Ka4JeJ],pa KaBK33cKOii UJlIIHJlH3aUHII, He 6blJlO 6b1 YlleHoro, 60JJee
lJ;oCTofmoro B03rJl3BHTb ::ITY K3clJeJJ,PY, IleM >Kop>K J].tCMe3I1JIb.
«Les mythes ne se laissent pas com prendre Sl on ]es coupe de la vie des
hommes, qui les r3contenb [I, c. 10].
2 CJlaBHIICKaJl MH4JOJIOrHH II 3noc He nOn3JIH B op6HTY HaY"lHOrO HHTepeca
J].IOMe3linfl, eCJIII lie CIlH737b p3HlleH 33MeTKH 0 CYXM3HTHe OJJ,blxMaHTbeBH'le [2,
c. 280-288). Ho J],yMaCTcfI, 'ITO 0" " 3JJ,eCb 113rne.'1 6b1 6J13roJ],3pHllH M3TepH8J1
B nO.ll.TBep>KJ],eHHe Tpll<tJYHKUHOHaJlbHOCTR TaK, Tpli3J],3 «CTapWHX» 60f3ThlpeH-
CHHTorop, BOJIbra, M'HKY.'1a  6e3 Ma.fJeiimejj H3TJI>KKJI YKJlaJ],blB.8eTCJI B KOHH'€n.
LlHIO Tpex 4JYHKLlHH: C8}!Torop OJIHLleTBOpJJt'T nepHYIO, peJlHrH03HYIO, BoJibra - DTO-
PYIO. BoeHHYlO, a MlIKY'3 CCJJS1UIIHOBHIf  TpeTHO, 3CMJI€J],CJlb'leCKYtC.
. 3 NOIJS elions fl'accord pour reconnaitre I'importancc des Ossctcs, denners
descendants des Scythes, dans Ics etudes indo-europeennes:» [4, c. 24].
11:; q",... ???
??!1

Ero "HTepeC c caoro HaIJa.1J3 npltBJIeKJIH apMRHe It OCeTHHLlbl, ,QBa HapOJ,l;a.
B fl3hax " KynbTypax KOTOp HHJ,I;OeBpOneHCKHH Mhp LKpeCTnCH C KaBK33CKHM.
OH H3Y'lHn apMHHCKHH H oceTHHCKHH H3b1K" HaCTf)JJbKO, 'ITO Mor CBo60J,l;HO 'lH-
TaTb Ha HHX JI106b1e TeKCTbI. .lI.IOMe3HJIIO npHHa)],JIe>KHT neCKOJIbKO cTaTeH 06
apMHHcKHX rOlJOpax, a TaK>Ke pH)], BpMHnCKHX 3THMOJIOrHH [7]. OceTHHcKHe 4:Hap-
TOBCKHe» CKa3anHH nepeBOllHJ1HCb Ha MHorHe Sl3KH. Ho JIY'lll1HM nepeBO.lJ;OM 6n
II OCTaeTOi <tJpaHLlY3cKHH nepeBo.n !lIOMe3HJUI [8]. 11 He TOJIbKO nOTOMY. qTO .lI.1O-
Me3HJIb 6n HBJ,I;eJIeH J1HTepBTypHM ,llapOM, tiO H nOTOMY, qTO OH O)],HR nepeBo,aH.'1
TeKCT npHMO C oceTIIHCKoro opHrHHaJI8, 3 He C PYCCKoro nO)],CTpOqHHKB.
1-13 BOCTOtJHOKBBKa3CKHX fl3I{oB .lI.IOMe31lJlb 33RliMBJICH cneLlHa.'1bHO HHryw-
CKHM H 3BapcKHM [9], H3 IO>KHOKaBKa3CKHX - JI33CKHM (q8HCKHM) [10].
Ho OC06CHHO BeJ1HK - MO>KHO CKa3aTb, HeOLleHHM - BKJlB)], .llIOMe3HJUI B H3Y-
'leHHe 3analllloKaBKa3cKoH a6xa30-anbircKoH rpynm,r H3KOB EMY npliHa)],JIe>KliT
nepnblH omu C03)],amH!: cpaBHHTeJIbHOii rpaMMaTliKH 3TOH rpynn [11 J
O)],HU H3 H3KOB 3TOii rpynn, y6b1XCKMi'i, .llIOMe3Hmo npMUlJIOCb H3Y'l8Tb .
H TYPllliH. lI.e'1o B TOM, 'In nOCJIC OKOH'laW1H KaBKa3CKOH: BOHlihi B 1864 r. lIe-
l\(Jropble 3anal1.HOKafll\a3ClHle U.'1eMena npe1lIIO"lJIH, 'laCTHHO HJIH Lle.'lHKOM, nepe-
ce.HJ U,Oi B e)],HHoBepn)/lO TYPl!HIO. B 'lHCJlC I1X (jblJIH y6b1XH. 1-13Y"laTb HX H3b1K
MomHO 6b1'1o TOJIbKO B TYPUHH, r.lJ;e B HCCKOJlbKHX celCHHflX OH ClUe ..10>KllnaJI
CBOH BeK B YCT3X CTaplilero nOKOJIeHHH. 11 BOT C 1954 nQ 1971 r. LlIOM€3MJIb pe-
rymJpHO l\am,ilbU1 ro..'l OTnpaBJlflJICfl B TYPLlHIO )],JIH H3Y'leHHH 3Toro 5I3blKa. Pe3YJIb-
TaTOM t'T u HeYTOMliMOH) TPY)],f1 flBli1HCb MHOrOqHCJIenHe ny6JIHKaLlHli y6b1XCKHX
rel\I.:HHI II .ieKCHKo-rpaMMaTlieCKliX 3TlOAOB B TaKHX H3)],3HHflX, KaK «Bibliotheque
de nllhwt fralH;als de Lemngrad», «Trav3ux et memoires de l'lnstitut d'Hhno.
logic de I'liruversite de Pans», «Journal Asiatique., «Antropos», «Bedi Kartlia»
" "p
B 1975 r. BblXOJlliT B CBeT Ba>KHaH o606I1l31OlUaSi pa6oT3. nOCBflIIleHHafl y6b1x-
CKOMY rJlalOJIY [12]
PSI)], ny6JIHKallm1 .llIOMe3limf nOCBHlUeH )],pyrHM H3K.3M 3ana,llHOK<lBK.33CKOH
1 PYlinbl: a6Xd3Cl\OM)', 'lepKeccKoMy, rn8ncyrcKoMy, 6eCJIeHeeEcKoMY; CM. [4.
, 346---347].
B 50 e rO)],bI KYJfLTYPIIO-.lliHfBHcTHI.J:ecKHe HHTepecbI .lI.IOMe3Hml nepeKHHYJIliCb
'lepe3 OKean - B IO.H<HYIO AMepliKY. On ony6lHKOB.3n pH)], pa60T no H3b1KY H
Ky.1LType Kc"ya. KPYUHei'l1uero HH)],eikKoro nJIeMeHH IO>KHOH AMepHKli. >KHBYlUero
Ii OCPY. bO.UIBHH, 3l\Ba1l0pe, ApreliTHHe 11 4liJiH [4, c. 348-349].
IhO'.,Ie311Jlb 6L11 liCKYCHLlii nOJIeMHC1, OCTpblH: H TeMnepaMeHTHblH. KorAa ero
TPH<tJYHKl\liOlfa.'JLHaSi TeopHH pe.1HrH" 11 MH4JonorHH I1H,llOCBpOneHcKHx H.3pOJ,l;08
CT3.'1a npe)lMeTOM )],HCKYCCHH:, ero onnOHeHTbI nOHSWH. TO cnopHTh C TaKHM yc'
HbiM MO}KHO. TO.ilhl\O o6.1a,QaH TaKHM >Ke orpoMHblM omeMoM 3HaHHH, a 3TO
6b1JIO He.,,1crl\0 O)],li" H3 onnOlleHTOB C f10THTe.1bnblM H3yMJleIJHeM rOBOpHJI 0 ero
4:eruditiof1 formidable»
nOleMI1'J:ecKHe np.uIlHlb1 .lI.loMe31i.1H C03,llaJIH y MCHH o6pa3 cep,J,I1TOrp H He-
rrpHCTynlloro ouiMnHfiLla. Ho KOr,.!i.a fl .'111'J:1I0 n03HaKOMHJICS] C HHM - 3TO 6bUJO
B 1966 r. R napmt:e, 13 Collegc de France, KY.J.a H 6bl1 npHrlJ3rneH )],JIH tJTCHliSi
JIf'KLtl1ii.-- H Y3HaJI HCl\.'lfOlJ1!.TC.'lbHO cKpomoro, npHneTJIHBOro II .lJ;o6pO>Ke13TeJIb-
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XOJ,l;HnO B MHpe B nepBe TP" 'J:eTBepTH H.3U1ero CTOJleTHSI, He J,l;aeT oCHOBaHHH
Jl.J:lSI onTHMH3Ma HH Ha KpaTKHii, HH Ha CpeJ,l;HHH CpOK, H.lJ;eT JIH pe'lb 0 cBoC'ioAe
unH 0 rYMaHH3MC liJIH 06 opeoJle c1>paHLlHH.
Ho 3aqeM BnaJ,l;aTb B OT'IaSl.HHe? PaRO UJIH n03J,1;HO, He 3HalO rJ,l;e, HC:lCTynHT
"PeHeccaHC", KaK 6BaJlO nOCJle K8.>KJ,I;OrO ..CpeJ,l;HeBeKOBbSl.... B CYlUHOCTH, J,l;J1H 3TO-
ro PeHeccaHca Mbi " pa60TaeM» 4.
4 cAvoir observe Ie monde pendant les trois premiers qU2its e ce, sie.c1e ne
permet pas I'optimisme ni a court. ni a moyen terme. n pour la lberte,. m pur
I'humanisme. ni pour Ie rayonmement de la France. Mals pourquOI Ie des.espOlr?
Tot ou tard je ne sais oil iI y aura une .,Ren.3issance" camme apres tout
..Moyen Age«. Au fond, c'est pour cette Renaissance que nous travaillons:lo
[4, c. 41].
IS.

nHTEPATYPA
I. Dumezil G. Mythe et epopee. L'ideologie des trois fanctions dans les epopees
des peuples indo-europeens. P.. 1968.
2. Dumezil G. Melanges Paul Boyer. P., 1925.
3. Dumezil G. Ltgendes sur les Nartes. P.. 1930.
4. Dumezil G. Cahiers pour un temps. P., 1981.
5. 111OMe3uAb )1( BepxolUlble 60fH HII.llOeBpOneih.leB. M., 1986.
6. j!IOMesuAb )1(. Oc.eTHHcKHH ::moc H MHclJOJIOnuJ. M., 1976
7. Dumezil O. Le parler armenien de Vakith.- Revue des eludes 3rmemennes.
P., 1968, 5; 1970, 7. Dumezil O. Series etymoIogiques armeniennes.- Bulle-
tin de la Societe de Linguistique. P. 1939,40; 1940.41.
8. Dumezil G. Le Livre des Heros. Legendes sur les Nartes.- Collection
UNESCO d'reuvres representatives. P., 1965.
9. Dumezil O. Textes populaires ingouches, receuil1is, commentes et precedes
d'une introduction grammaticale, en colaboration avej:. M. Djabogui. P.. 1935.
Dumezil O. Notes sur la conjugaison ingouche.- Bulletin de la Societe de
Linguistique de Paris. 1933,34. c. 97-114. Dumezil O. Textes avars.-JA-
1933, 216, c. 265-302.
10. Dumezil O. Contes lazes. P., 1937; on 3Ke. Recits lazes. P.. 1967; on 3Ke.
Textes en laze d'Ardechen, «Bedi Kartlica». P., 1972. 29, c. 32-41.
II. Dumezil O. E:tudes comparatives sur les langues caucasiennes du Nord-
Ouest Morphologie. P., 1932.
12. Dumezil O. Le verbe oubykh, etudes descriptives et comparatives, en colla-
boration avec Tevfik Esenc.- Memoires de I'Academie des Inscriptions et
BeIles lettres. Nouvelle serie. P., 1975.
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