Текст
M RK» 1990
O.n:ecca« a
55K 75.81H2
K93
CnpaBOqHlIK npe Ha3HaqetJ ;WSJ Ha'lHHaIDiUHX nYT€-
WeCTBeHHHKOB, HO HHTepeCeH H MaCCOBOMY 'lIlTaTeJIID.
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qeCKOrO IIHCTHTYTa
Pe aKTOp 1>. C. Jle6eoeea
4205000000-061
K M217(04)-9031.90
ISBN 5-7760-0197-8
@ B. I1. KYPHJIOBa,
5. B. CepMeeB, 1990.
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weCTBOBaTb J1eTOM rro IOry YKpalIHbI B 2KapKOe
neTHee BpeM5f J1YLlllIe B llIopTax.
Heo6xo)].HMO lIMeTb CMeHHYIO napy 6eJJb5f (TPy-
CbI, cpYT60.1KY C KOpOTKIIM pYKaBOM), rOJJOBHOlr
y60p H3 TKaHH CBeTJJbIX TOHOB C K03bIpbKOM.
B npOXJ1a)].HYIO noro)].y, a TeM 60JJee BJJa2KHYIO,
xopowo IIMeTb LUTOpMOBOH KOCTIOM (lliTopMOBa5f
KypTKa H 6pIOlm). DpeIIMyw.ecTBo 3TOH o)].e2K)].bI
rrepe)]. KpaCI1BbIMII KypTKaMI1 1I3 60.1JOHbH B TOM,
lJTO TKaHb IlITopMOBoro KOCTIOMa XOpOllIO nporryc-
KaeT B03)].YX H He HapywaeT TenJIo06MeH3, 6bICT-
po BbICbIxaeT, He rpy6eeT H He JJOM3eTC5f no)].
)].eHCTBl1eM COJJHeLlHbIX J1YlJeu. "
llhopMOBKII M02KHO rrpHo6peCTIf ich.QPTHB-
HOM Mara3HHe. .y, /
LI..1J5f nYTellIeCTBIIH B 60JIee npOXJJ ':: 'o :Ji M5f
(oceHb, BeCH3) nOH3.l{o6IITC5f IlIe : Olr CBu-t ,
'- '"
-/L ;. , ' . r!: , i:::\A \
e:. / lh _. '\ J:tl:;
\ 2 6!/
Tel1J10e HaTeJIbHOe 6eJIbe, IllepCTSIHa5J IllanO'IKa,
IllepCTSIHOH IWlI nOJIYIllepCTSIHOl1 KOCTIOM (Tpeml-
pOBOfJHbIH). MORmo lICn0J1b30BaTb TpeHlIpOBOq-
HblH KOCTIOM C Ha'IeCOM. ECJIlI BaM nplIrJI5JHYJ1lICb
6PlI.lUKlI, TO B npOXJIa.ll.HYIO noro.ll.Y no.ll. HlIX M02K-
4:)0 HO Ha.ll.eTb IllepcnniOe TplIKO
H reTpbI.
B 3TY nopy .6e3 IllTOpMOB-
KlI He 060HTlICb.
Ha caY'IaH .lI.02KiUI He06xo-
.lUlMa nJIa -HaKlI.lI.Ka. Ee MO-
2KeTe1I3rOTOBHTb. caMlI 1I3
npope3IIHeHHoro KaJ]pOH8,
«cepe6p5JHKlI», 60JIOHblI, no-
JI1I3TH.'1eHa (CM. plIC. 1). 2ha
HaKlI,lI,Ka Xopoilla TeM, 'ITa
M02KeT 6bITb lICnOJIb30BaHa
.lI.JI5I HaKpbIBaHlI5I na.1aTKIf.
Eme npo e CBaplITb 1I3 JIlI-
CTOBoro nOJI1I3TliJIeHa HaKlI.lI.KY-KOJIOKOJI (plIC. 2).
.3.l1.eCb npe.ll.CTaBJIeHa BbIKpoHKa cBapHoII HaKlI.lI.-
KIf. JllICT nOJIll3TllJIeHa CKJIa.ll.bIBaeTC5J B,lI,Boe,
.lI.eJIaeTC5I BbIKpOHKa H Kpa5J nOJIOTHlIma CBaplI-
BaIOTC5I rOp5IQlIM ynorOM.
PUC. 1. HaKllJJ:Ka
01' JJ:OJK H (cBap-
HaH CJ10meHHaH
BABoe)
PUC. 2. HaKHJJ:Ka OT Aom-
,ll.H:
1 - KanlOlIIOH; 2 - BTHmHoll
lIIHYP
18
KanIOillOH <POp MlI-
pyeTcH C nOMO bIO
OT.lI.eJIbHO Ha.ll.eBaeMOM
Ha IlleIO pe31IHOBOH
JIeHTbI.
llepBbIH BaplIaHT
HaKH.lI.KlI Y.ll.06eH .lI.JI5J
nellllIX, rOpHbIX, BeJIO-
CIme.ll.HbIX nOXO.ll.OB,
I3TOpOH - .lI..iI5I l3eJ!O-
ClIne.ll.HblX nOXO.ll.013
Y2Ke HenplIeMJIeM.
06YBb. ,II,JI5J nYTerneCTBIIM MO)KHO IICnOJIh30-
BaTh, B 3aBlIClIMOCTlI OT ce30Ha, JII06yIO nOHorneH-
HYIO 06YBh 6e3 Ka6JIYKOB. XQPorno, eCJIII nO.ll.OrnBa
I1MeeT pmpJIeHlIe. 3TO o6ecrre L IlIBaeT CuerrJIeHlIe C
rpYHTOM II rrpe.l{OXpaH5IeT OT CKOJIh)KeHII5J. MO)Ke-
Te npIlo6peCTlI CnOpTI1BHYIO IIJIH TYPIICTCKYIO
06YBh.
,II,mI nOX01l.0B B TeTIJIOe B peM5J rOll.a JI)"irne
HCnOJIh30BaTh KpOCCOBKH. Ha MaprnpYTax, r.ll.e
HeT MeJIKIIX KaMHeH, e6eHKH, MomHO II.l{TlI B Ke-
.lI.ax. LJ:.1J5J ropHhIX nOXoLl,oB HY)KHhI TypHCTCKlIe
60TlIHKH «BI!6paM». .
06YBh .lI.OJ!)KHa 6hITh CB0601l.HOH. H Ha.l{eBaTh ee
HY)KHO Ha mepCT5JHoi'i HOCOK. lIlepcTh smlThlBaeT
nOT, C03,lJ,aeTonpe.l{eJIeHHYiO aMOpTll3aumO II npe-
,lJ,OXpaH5IeT HOn! OT HaTllpaHII5J. Ho CJIell,lITe 3a
COCTOHHlIeM HOCKOS. CK.n:a,lJ,KII, 06pa30BaHHhIe B
pe3YJIhTaTe HeaKKypaTHoro peMOHTa HOCKOB, cno-
C06CTBYIOT HaTllpaHlIIO CTynHlI H 06pa30BaHllIO
BOJI.lI.hlpei'1.
HMeHTe B BHJ1.Y, '1TO ClIHTeTH'-IeCKlIe HOCKII
MO)KHO IICnO.1Jh30BaTh B nOXO.ll.ax TOJIhKO .lI..'I5I Ha-
,lJ,eBaHII5I fiX nOBepx rnepCT5IHhIX .lI.JIfI 06ecneLJ:eHII5J
nOCJIe,lJ,HIIM 60JIee ,lJ,.1JI:iTeJIhHoro cpOKa CJIy>K6hI.
He BhIXO.l{IITe Ha MaprnpYT B CIIHTeTIILJ:eCKIIX HOC-
Kax II Ke):{ax. OqeHh 6hICTpO HaTpeTe BO.1J.lI.h1pll II
I1cnopTllTe ce6e rrYTernecTBlIe.
YLJ:IIThlBa5I, 'ITO BO BpeM5I nYTernecTBIIH BaM
npll,lJ,eTC5I II.l1.TfI no poce (oHaro He 1I36e)KaTh), ne-
peXO.ll.I1Th HerJIy60KlIe PY'lhll, JIyra, HY)KHO no,lJ,Y-
MaTh 0 npe,lJ,OXpaHeHIIII 06YBlI OT HaMOKaHII5J. ,II,mI
3Toro MO)KHO IICnO,TJh30BaTh rrJIOTHhIe nOJIII3TlIJIe-
HOBhIe naKeThI, KOTophle Ha.ll.eBalOT nOBepx 06YBll.
06rneiiTe TeChMOH Bepx naKeTOB, OCTaBIIB KOHUhI
no 20-30 CM ,lJ,JIH npllKpenJIeHII5I K Hore IIJIH
6pro'IHOMY peMHIO.
19
CnaJlbHblH MernOK. J1yqllIe HCnOJIb30BaTb Me-
llIOK-O.l{e5IJIO Ha 3aCTe}!{Ke «MOJIHH5I». Ero MO}!{HO
H3rOTOBHTb caMOMY H3 TOJ1CTOrO llIepCT5IHOrO HJ1H
H3 CTaporo nYXOBoro (,lI,J15I nOXO,ll,OB B XOJIO,ll,HYIO
nopy rO,ll,a) o,ll,e5IJJa. B CnaJIbHbIH MellIOK He06xo-
,lI,HM BKJ1a,ll,bIllI. CnaJIbHbIII MellIOK B COqeTamIH C
Ha,ll,YBHbIM MaTpaueM HmI TenJ10H30mIpYlOllI.HM
KOBpHKOM H3 nJ1aCTlIHOK neHOnJ1aCTa 06eCneqlIT
BaM Ha,ll,e}!{HbIII H nOlIHoueHHbIII OT,lI,bIX B nOXO,ll,e.
PfOK3aK. TIpoMbtIllJ1eHHOCTb BbmYCKaeT 60J1b-
IllylO pa3HOBH,lI,HOCTb plOK3aKOB. KaKOII }!{e KY-
mITb? OT,lI,aHTe npe,ll,nOqTeHIle «a6aJ1aKOBCKOMY»
lum «5IpOBCKOMy». Hy, a ecmI TaKoro He BCTpeTH-
Te, TO CMOTpl Te, LIT06bI pIOK3aK 6bIJI H3 nJ10THOII
KpenKOH TKaHI!. )KeJ1aTeJ1bHO, qTo6bI OH lIMeJI
BllIHToe ,lI,HO np5IMoyrOJ1bHOII lIJ1H OBaJ1bHOII cpop-
MbI. 06paTlITe BHIIMaHIle Ha Ha,ll,e}!{HOCTb Kpen-
JIeHIm 3an,1JeQHbIX peMHell: K TOMy }!{e OHH ,lI,OJ1}!{-
HbI 6bITb llIHpOKHMlI. KCTaTlI, paCllIlIpllTb JI5IMKlI
MO}!{HO, HallIIIB no,ll, HH3 n0J10CKH TOJ1CTOrO BOU.-
JIOK1). llIHplIHOH ,lI,o 15 CM. XOpOllIO, ecml pIOK3aK
HMeeT eMKHe KapMaHbI H npH BceM 3TOM y Hero
He60J1bllIoII Bec.
J1.J15I plOK3aKa HY}!{HO HMeTb BO,ll,OHenpOMOKae-
MbIH BKJ1a,ll,bIIll. I13roToBHTb ero MO}!{HO H3 noml-
3TlIJ1eHa. OH ,lI,OJ1.iKeH 6bITb no 06'beMY 60J1bllIe
plOK3aKa. BKJ1a,ll,bIllI npe,ll,OXpaHIIT OT HaMOKaHII5I
CO,ll,ep}!{HMOe plOK3aKa B CJ1YQae nOna,ll,aHII5I B BO-
,lI,y, no,ll, ,lI,O}!{,lI,b IWH He06xo,ll,HMOCTlI nOCTaBHTb
plOK3aK Ha MOKPYlO 3eMJ1lO.
06 eCTBeHHoe CHapfI}!{eHHe. TIepeQeHb He06-
XO,ll,HMoro 06 eCTBeHHoro CHap5I}!{eHH5I .l{J15I rpyn-
nbI,lI,O 10 LIeJ10BeK npe,ll,CTaBJIeH B Ta6mlue NQ 2.
J1.;II5I nOXO,ll,OB JIyqllIe HCn0J1b30BaTb CHap5I}!{e-
HIle OTeQeCTBeHHoro npOH3BO,ll,CTBa, oco6eHHo na-
JIaTKI!. KpaclIBble Ha BII,lI, IIMnOpTHble naJ1aTKII
20
Ta6JIlJI.\a .N'2 2. nepe'leHb 06IIJ.ecTBeHHoro cHapsuKeHlU1
D.JiH MHOrOD.HeBHbIX nOXOD.OB
DOXO.l\bI
HSllMeHOBSHHe Deume \ BenOCHneAHble
Ko.rm:4 f Bee l111T KOJIH- \ Bee 1 lliT.
'lJeCTBO B Kr I '-JeCTBO B Kr
f1aJIaTKa 2 3 2 3
Be.D,po (KacTpIDJI5I) .no
8 J! 4 1,0 4 1,0
Tonop 60JIhlliOll 2 1 2 1
Tonop MaJIeHbKllH (TY- 2 0,5
pllCTCKlJll) 2 0,5
KOCTpOBoe X03HllCTBO
(porYJIbKll, nepe-
KJIa.D,llHa) 1 ,ao 3 Kr 110 3 Kf
f10JIOBHHK 1 0,1 0,1
ITJleHKa 60.%WaH no-
.1Jll3TllJIeHOB aH Ha
naJIaTKY 2 0,2 0,2
ITpllwenKll .lIepeBHI!-
HbIe 8 0,02 8 0,02
ITJIeHKa nOJIll3TllJIe-
HOBaR no.D, naJIaTKY 1 0,1 1 0,1
C1>oHapllK 2-3 0,3 2-3 0,3
Cnll'lKll 3 0,0:2 3 0,02
BaJIeHKlJ
C1>oToallllapaT C npll-
Ha.a.JIe}KHOCTHMll 2 0.7-1,5 2 0,7-1,5
CTOJIOBbIe HO}Kll 3 0,10 3 0,10
EllHOKJIb 1 1 1 1
Me.naIlTe1JKa 1 2 1 2
PeMHa60p 1 2-2,3 1 3,5-4,0
KJIeeHKa 06e.D,eHHaH 1 0,2 1 0,2
KapuT, cxeMbI 2 2
BJIOKHOTbI, KapaH.D,allill 2 2
KOMrrac 1 0,05 1 0,05
ll.enb C 3aMKOM 1 1
Ha60p JIbDKHbIX Ma-
3ell
KJIeli «MoMeHT» llJIII
E<1>-6 2 2
21
lIMelOT 60JIbillOH He.l{OCTaTOK - BeC: OHI1 llOllnl s
J(sa pa3a T5DKeJIee OTeqeCTBeHHbIX. I1MnopTHbIe
na.1aTKH Y.l{06HbI .l{JIH CJIeTOB.
j1,JI5I MHOrO.l{HeBHbIX nOXOJ(OB 13 JIeTHee spe-
MH YJ(06HbI caMO.l{eJIbHbIe naJIaTKH, CllIHTble H3
nepKaJIH. BBH.l{Y Ma.IIOrO Beca TaKYIO na.lIaTKY
MOlliHO nOMeCTHTb B KapMaHe pIOK3aKa. I\. TO MY
llie ee JIerqe nOJ(BepraTb 06pa60TKe nOCJIe no-
xOJ(a.
Me.ll.HQHHCKaH anTeQKa. j1,JIH MHOrO.l{HeBHbIx
nOXO.l{oB rpynnbI )1.0 10 qeJIOBeK B anTeqKe .l{OJIlli-
HO 6bITb c.lIe)1.YIO ee: 6HHTbI llIHpoKue U Y3Kue -
no 2-3, 6mlt 3.TJaCTUqHbIH-2, JIeHKOnJIaCTbIpb-
5-6 CM U 2 eM - no 1, BaTa - 150 r, HOJ( -- 50 r,
CUHTOMHQHHOBaH 3My.IIbCHH - 50 r, naCTa J1ac-
cap a - 50 r, kpeM .l{eTCKuH - 1 TIb6uK, TeTpa-
QHK.IIUH - 10 Ta6JIeTOK, CYJIbfHH - 10 Ta6JIeTOK,
aMH.lI.onUpUH - 15 Ta6JIeTOK, qJTa.lIa30.1I - 20
ra6JIeTOK, nypreH - 10 ta6JIeTOK, nUTbeBaH co-
.l{a-50 r, 60pHaH KucJIoTa-15 r, MapraHQoBoKUC-
.IIbIH Ka.IIUH - 15 r, HallIaTbIpHbI 1 cnHpT - 50 r,
TepMoMeTp 1, llirYT pe31IHoBbIH - 1, Ma3b
BUllIHeBcKoro - 30 r, BaJIepbHHOBbIe KanJIU-
50 r, paCTBOp Ko<peu-
Ha, KaM<popHoro Mac-
JIa - 50 r, cnHpT -
200 r.
KGK YIlO;)ICUTb Bce
aTO (cHGpfl;)ICeHUe IlUt[-
Hoe, 06t«eCTBeHHoe,
npoiJYKTbl nUTGHUfl) B
pIOK3GKU?
YKJIa.ll.Ka plOK3aKa.
PaCCTeJIllTe plOK3aK
Ha nOJIY cnHHKOH BHU3'
H, BeTas KO.1eHHMH Ha
c
8.
Puc. 3. CxeMa YK.1a KH PIDK-
3aKa:
A - AHO pIOK3SKS; B - KJJanSH;
BI - cnllHKS plOK3aKs; 11. - cnanb-
Hbrlt Melll()K; E - Tf[>KeJIble BelU..1i;
C - MBrKHe Bell.\"
22
PUG. 4. cPopMa YJIO}KeH-
HOro pIDK3aKa (B03MO}K.
HbIe BapHaHTbl)
T(j, it
OTKHHYTbIH KJIanaH, Ha-
qHHaHTe YKJIa.l{blBaTb
Be1lI.H.
CHaqaJIa YJIO>KHTe
CBepHYTbIH no llIHpHHe
pIOK3aKa CnaJIbHbIH Me-
lliOK, 3aBepHYB ero Ha
.l{He pIOK3aKa TaK, LlTO-
6bI BbIJIO>KHTb HM .l{HO H
cnHHKY (pHC. 3). Tor.n:a
Co.n:ep>KHMOe pIOK3aKa He
6y.n:eT .l{aBHTb B cnHHY H
cnYCKaHHe ero Ha 3eMJIlO
He nOBJIeqeT 3a C060H
nOBpe>K.l{eHHe CTeKJIHH-
HbIX 6aHOK. Ha .l{HO CJIe-
lI.yeT YKJIa,o:bIBaTb 60JIee
TH>KeJIbIe Be H, B Bepx-
Heft qaCTH pIOK3aKa
.l{OJI>KHbI HaXO.l{HTbCH
JIerKHe.
PUG. 5. TpeHora C KpiO'l- PUG. 6. KOCTpHll{e H3 apMa-
KOM TYPHOH IIpOBOJIOKH
23
PUG. 7. I1epeKJJa HHa KOCT-
pHll\a H3 nOJIoi{ Tpy6KH
(1), 3aKperrJIeHHaH K Jl.e-
peBbHM TpOCHKOM (2), 11
BepeBKI1 (3)
PUG. 9. Oqar H3 KaMHeii
24
PUG. 8. YCTpoiicTBO KOCTpO-
Boro raMaKa:
raMaK H3 MeTaJIJIHqeCKOfi CCT-
Kl! (1), nepeKJJat(l!HS C KPIOQJ(3'
Ml! (2). KocTep (8)
KOTeJIOK .l{JI.51 rrpHro-
TOBJIeHH5I e;:J:bI MO:>KHO
BJIO:>KHTb B rrOJIH3nWC-
HOBbIti KY JIeK IIJIH B CYM-
KY H3 TKaHH H nOCTaBHTb
Ha .l{HO pIOK3aKa, 3anOJI-
HHB T5I:>KeJIblMH MeJIKH:l-1H
Be aMH (IWHcepBHbIe
6aHKH H npoqee).
TIpH YKJIa;:J:Ke CTJe.l{HTe,
qTo6bI 6bIJIH 3anOJIHeHbI
60KOBbIe qaCTH. Tor.l{a
PUG. 10. Oqar B TpaHlilee
pIOK3aK 6Y.l{eT nJIOC-
KHM. ll.eHTp nDKeCTH
6Yj],eT 6mDKe K CnlIHe
H K IIH3Y. TaKo11 PIOK-
3aK JIeflle TpaHcnop-
THpoBaTb, He)KeJIH
KpyrJIbIH (pHc.4).
KOCTpoBble H KY'
. XOHHble npHHa.l{JIe)K-
HOCTH. B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT Ce30Ha nYTellleCT- PUG. 11. Oqar B cHeMHoll
BHH, BH,n:a TypH3Ma H HMe
25
MaplllpYTa MOrYT 6blTb lICnOJJb30BaHbI CJJe.l{Y-
lO lIe KOCTpOBble npllHa.l{JIe:iKHOCTlI: TpeHOrll
(puc. 5), nepeKJIa.l{lIHbI (pHc.6) C Ha6opoM KplOll-
KOB, KOCTpOBOH TpOClIK (pllC. 7), KOCTpOBOH ra-
MaK (pllC. 8). Ollar MOlliHO CJIOllillTb 1I3 KaMHelI
(pHC. 9), BbIKonaTb TpaHlllelO, CHelliHYlO HMY
(pHC. 10, 11).
KyxoHHble npHHa.l{JIelliHOCTH COCTaBHT 3 KOTeJI-
Ka eMKOCTbIO H3 paclleTa 0,7 JI Ha lleJlOBeKa )J.JIH
npHrOTOBJIeHHH e.l{bI H O,l(HH- .l{Ba .l{JIH nO.l{HOCKH
BO)J.bI H MblTbH oBo eH, nOBapelllKa, HOlliH, ,l(OCKa
,l(JIH Hape3aHHH oBoIJJ.eH.
opr AHH3A HSI nHT AHHSI
XapaKTepHCTHKa npO.l{YKTOB. fOTOBHCb B no-
XO.l{, nOMHHTe, llTO xJIe6 JIYllllle 6paTb qepHbIH H
He 60Jlee qeM Ha TPH )J.H5L B OCTaJIbHble .l{HH ero
MorYT 3aMeHHTb cyxapH. B nYTellleCTBHHX, r,l(e
eCTb B03MOlliHOCTb 3aKynKH xJJe6a Ha MaplllpYTe,
ero MOlliHO nOTpe6JIHTb Ha npOTHllieHHlI Bcero
MaplllpYTa. Ho BBH,l(Y 60.1!blllOro Beca ueJIecoo6-
pa3HO ynOTpe6JIHTb H cyxapH.
CyxapH CJIe,l(yeT rOTOBHTb HenOCpe,l(CTBeHHO
nepe.l{ nOXO.l{OM. XJIe6 JIYllllle CYlllHTb B .l{YXOBKe,
3TO npH.l{aeT HM npHHTHbIH apOMaT H BKYC. TIpH
3TOM MOlliHO HCnOJJb30BaTb x.TIe6. caMbIX pa3HbIX
COpTOB.
t1ape3aTb xJIe6 JIyqwe MaJIeHbKHMlI KycollKa-
MH (2 X 3 CM). OC06bIH apoMaT H BKYC cyxapeH
MOlliHO nOJIYllHTb, n06pbI3raB nO.l{COJIHellHbIM Mac-
JJOM H CJJerKa nOCbmaB MeJIKOH COJJblO. HC' TOr.l{a
Yllie 3TH cyxapH MorYT 6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHbl TOJIb-
KO .l{JIH nepBbIX 6.11O.ll., HO H K llaIO.
26
CyxapH nOCJIe CYlllKH CJIe.n.yeT y.IIOMHTb B no-
JIH3TH.lIeHOBble MelllKH H3 paCqeTa Ha rpynny Ha
OJJ;HH .n.eHb nYTH. IloBepx HanmYTb MaTeptIaTbIl1
MelllOK, CyxapHble KpOlllKH HCnOJIb3YIOT ]:I,.'IH npH-
rOTOBJIeHHHcynoB, Kaill.
I(pynbl. J1YlllllHMH KpynaMH .l{JIH TYPHCTCKHX
nOXOJJ;OB HBJIHIOTCH rpellHeBaH H OBCHHaH. OHH
caMble nHTaTeJIbHble. fpellHeBaH Kpyna CO,D.ep-
MHT 60JIbillOH npOl.(eHT nOJIHOl.(eHHbIX 6eJIKOB, 1:1
TaKMe mITaMHHbl Bt. B2, PP.
l.J"To6bI coxpaHHTb BHTaMHHbI B 3THX Kpynax,
nepe.l{ npHrOTOBJIeHHeM CJIe,D.yeT HX 3aMOllHTb.
3TO yJJ;06Hee JJ:eJIaTb C Bellepa. ,IJ,JIH 3Toro 3aml-
BaIOT rpeqHeBYlO, HanpHMep, Kpyny BO.l{OH B CO-
OTHOllleHIlH 1 :3, KJIa.n.YT HYMHoe KOJIHlIeCTBO co-
JIH, a YTPOM ee BapHT Ha JIerKOM OrHe. ,IJ,JIH 3Toro
JJ;OCTaTOllHO nHTH MIlHYT. Kailla 6y.n.eT BKycHee H
60JIee BHTaMHHH3HpoBaHHoH, eCJIH, 3aJIHBaH C Be-
lIepa Kpyny BO.l{OH, nOJIOMHTb Ty.n.a cYXOCPPYKTbl
(cmIBY, a6pHKocbl, 5J6JIOKH). TaKaH Kailla He 6y-
.l{eT paCCbmqaTOH, T. K. ee Ha.l{O lIaCTO MelllaTb,
lIT06bl OHa He npHrOpeJIa.
IlO'tJTIl Ha 100 % YCBaHBaIOTcH pHC H M aHHan
Kpyna. A eCJIH IlX nOJJ:MapHTb (liTO JIYllille JJ;eJIaTb
nepeJJ; nOXOJJ;OM), TO KalllH 6y.n.YT rop a3JJ:0 BKYCHee.
BBHJJ;y Toro, liTO pHC .l{OJIro BapHTCH, ero JIYlI-
llle HCnOJIb30BaTb BO BpeMH .lI.HeBOK. BepMHllleJIb
H MaKapOHbl BapHTCH rOpa3.l{O 6blCTpee, HO OHH
6bICTpO paCKHnaIOT, 06pa3YH 60JIbillOe KO.'IH'le-
CTBO KJIeflCTepa. IlPOMbITb TaKHe MaKapOHbl HJIH
BepMHllle.'Ib nopoH CJIOMHO, n03ToMY HX JIyqllle
. HCnOJIb30BaTb .n.JIH npHrOTOBJIeHHH cynOB. A eCJIH
MaKapOHbl (BepMHllleJIb), 6pOCJIB B KJmH YIO
nO.l{COJIeIIHYIO BOJJ:Y, BapHTb 3-5 MIIHYT, 3aTeM
CHHTb C orHH II HaKpblTb KOTeJIOK KpbllllKOH, TO
qepe3 10-15 MIIHYT BepMIIllleJIb 6Y.l{eT rOTOBa H
27
B npOMbIBaHHH He HYlK.l{aeTCH. MaKapOHbI, pOlK-
KH BapHTb Ha.l{O ,n:OJIbille. B YCJIOBHHX nOXO.ll.OB
XOpOiliO HcnO.TJb30BaTb ropox. OH CO.l{eplKHT 6eJI-
Ka He MeHbIlIe, lJeM MHCO. .IJ.JIH nYTeIlIeCTBHH JIY1I-
IlIe HCnOJIb30BaTb 6bICTpopa3BapHBa10llI.HeCH KOH-
ueHTpaTbl ropoxa, TaK KaK TIHTaTeJIbHbIe BellI.eCT-
Ba, KOTOpbIMH OH 60raT, nOJIHOCTblO YCBaHBalOTCH
opraHH3MOM TOJIbKO B TOM CJIYlJae, eCJIH ropox
XOpOiliO H3MeJIblJeH H nOJIHOCTbIO pa3BapeH. .IJ.a
H BpeMemI Ha npHrOTOBJIeHHe 6JIlO.l{ H3 KOHueHT-
paTOB 3aTpalJHBaeTCH 3HalJHTeJIbHO MeHbille. 11 Bce
lKe B JIeTHee BpeMH K KOHueHTpaTaM lKe.TJaTeJIbHO
npII6eraTb TonbKO B TOM C.TIYlJae, ec.TJ!l rrYTeilleCT-
BHe npOXO.l{HT B 6e3.lIeCHCTOM paHOHe.
MHCO ynoTpe6JIHeTCH, B OCHOBHOM, B BH,n:e KOH-
cepBOB (TYIlIeHKa, MHCHOH H nelJeHOlJHbI I naIlI-
TeTbI). B noxo,n:ax JIYlJIlIe HcnO.TJb30BaTb rOBHlKblO
TYIlIeHKY.
CBelKee MHCO B noxo,n:ax MOlKHO coxpaHHTb He-
CKOJIbKO ,n:He I. ,QJIH STOro Heo6xo,n:HMO y,n:anHTb
KOCTH, nOCOJIHTb H 06JIOlKHTb JIHCTbHMH KpamlBbI
HJIH lJepeMYXII.
YnoTpe6JIemle pbI6bI H pbI6HbIX KOHcepBOB B
nYTeIlIeCTBHHX 06H:JaTe.llbHO. Bo-nepBblX, pbI6HbIe
KOHcepBbI - STO YlKe rOTOBoe 6JIlO,n:O. BO-BTO-
PbIX, MaJIOe co,n:eplKamIe lKHpa B pbI6e (.l{O 10 %)
YMeHbiliaeT HarpY3KY Ha nelJeHb. B-TpeTbHx, pbI6-
HbIe KOHcepBbI no CBoe I rrHllI.eBOH ueHHOCTH He
YCTynalOT MHCY H YCBaHBaIOTCH opraHH3MOM B
.l{Ba pa3a 6bICTpee.
MOJIOKO. TIo nOJIHOTe XHMHlJeCKOrO COCTaBa
C HHM He MOlKeT cpaBHHTbCH HHKaKaH eCTeCTBeH-
HaH nHIua. B HeM eCTb Bce Heo6xo,n:HMoe ,n:JIH
06eCnelJeHHH HopManbHOH lKH3He.ll.eHTe.llbHOCTH
Opral-!H3Ma lJeJIOBeKa. B nYTeIlIeCTBHHX lJawe HC-
nOJlb3YlOT cry eHHoe H.IIH cyxoe MO.TJOKO.
28
Cblpbl, OT.lIH'Ia51Cb BbICOKOll KaJIOpHllHOCTbIO,
51BJI51lOTC51 l1.eHHbIM npO,I(YKTOM nHTaHH51 B TYPHCT-
CKHX nYTeIlJeCTBJf51X. OHH CO,I(epJKaT JKHP, 6e.IIOK,
MHHepa.TJbHbIe CO.IIH, BHTaMHHbI. I\. TOMY JKe CbIpbI
OqeHb Ha,I(eR{HbI npH XpaHeHHH H TpaHcnOpTHpOB-
Ke. CbIp JIyqIlJe nOKynaTb l1.e.llbIM KYCKOM H xpa-
HHTb B nOJIH3THJIeHOBOM KYJIbKe, KY.l{a CJIe.l{yeT
nOJIOMHTb HeCKOJIbKO KYC01J:KOB caxapa.
CJIe,I(yeT nOMHHTb, qTO CbIp JIyqIlJe ,I(aBaTb Ha
3aBTpaK, TaK KaK OH HaH60JIee nOJIHO YCBaHBaeT-
C51 YTPOM )].0 10 qaCOB. He06xo,I(HMO yqHTbIBaTb,
'ITO Ha Mop03e CbIp OqeHb 6bICTpO nopnITc51. TIo-
3TOMY Heu:eJIeco06pa3Ho 6paTb ero B 3HMHHe no-
XO.l{bl.
HpM. B nOXO.l{qX JIY'IIlJe HCnOJIb30BaTb no,I(-
COJIHeqHOe H CJIHBO'IHOe Ma<;JIO.
CJIHBOqHOe MaCJIO, HMe51 HH3KYIO TeMnepaTY-
py nJIaBJ'reHH51 (+32 DC), 06JIa.l{aeT BbICOKOll
YCB051eMOCTbIO (95-98 %). TpaHcnopTHpoBaTb
ero MOR{HO B HeCKOJIbKHX nOJIH3THJIeHOBbIX KYJIb-
Kax, BJIOR{eHHbIX O)].HH B ,I(PyroH, HO npe.l{SapH-
Te.llbHO nOMelll.eHHbIX B MaTepqaTbIll MeIlJOqeK.
PaefWreJIbHOe MaCJIO XopOWO TpaHcnopTHpo-
BaTb BO cpJI51rax.
Caxap. B nYTeweCTBH51 JIyqIlJe 6paTb caxap B
BH,I(e neCKa. XpaHHTb H TpaHcnopTHpoBaTb ero
CJIe.l{yeT B BO,I(OHenpOHHl1.aeMOll ynaKOBKe. GacTb
caxapa .l{OJIMHa 6b1Tb B BH.l{e pacpHHa.l{a, KOTOpbIi-i:
HCnOJIb3yeTC51 .l{JI51 nO.l{KpenJIeHH51 CH.II B nyn!.
Me.l{. bJIarO,I(ap51 60raToMY CO.l{epMaHHIO yrJIe-
BO)].OB OH 51BJI51eTC51 OqeHb BaMHbIM 3HepreTHqe-
CKHM npO.l{YKTOM nHTaHH51. TpaHcnopTHpYIOT Me.l{
TaK Me, KaK nO,I(COJIHeqHOe MaCJIo. YnoTpe6JI51Tb
JIyqIlJe Ha HOqb.
OBOlllH.YnOTpe6JIeHHe HX B nYTeweCTBH51X B
.lIeTHH:ll H oceHHHH rrepHO)].b! He COCTaB.1I51eT TPY,I(-
29
HOCTer] BBH.n.y 60JIbIllOrO pa3Ho06pa3H5I H .l{OCTyn.
HOCTH. B 3HMHee H 'BeceHHee BpeM5I Bcer.n.a MO)K-
HO HcnO.lb30BaTb KpaCHYlO CBeKJIY, MOpKOBb. Ha-
TepTbIe Ha KpynHYIO TepKY C .n.06aBJIeHHeM 5I6.'10K,
OHH MorYT 6bITb no.n.aHbI K 3aBTpaKY HJIH Y)KHHY.
JlYK - 065I3aTeJIbHbIH cnYTHHK TypHCTa B JIlO-
60e BpeM5I rO.l{a.
4aM, Ko<J>e, KaKao .'1Y'IIlle TpaHcnopTHpOBaTb B
MeTaJIJIHqeCKHX Kop06Kax. YTpOM JIyqIlle yno-
Tpe6mHb KaKao, JI,HeM - KOQ:>e, BeqepOM - '1a{\.
)KeJIaTeJIbHbI B nYTeIlleCTBH5IX <PPYKTOBbIe H MO-
JIOqHbIe KHCe.!lH.
TOMaTHWH coyc Y.lI.06Hee TpaHcnopTHpOBaTb B
nO.IIlJ3THJIeHOBbIX <pJI5Irax, 3ano.'IHeB.HbIX .n.o caMO-
ro Bepxa. 3TO npe.l{OXpaHHT OT 06pa30BaHIf5I nJIe-
ceHH.
YnaKOBbIBaTb H pacQ:>aCOBbIBaTb npO.l{YKTbI CJIe-
.l{yeT cor aCHO MeHIO, KOTopoe COCTaBJI5IeTC5I Ha
Bce JI,HH nOXO.l{a. Y.l{06Hee pacQ:>aCOBbIBaTb npo-
.n.YKTbI Ha Ka)K.l{bI{1 .l{eBb If Ha Ka)K.l{oe nHTaHIfe.
J1YQIlle, eC.'IH OJI,HH qeJIOBeK HeceT npO.l{YKTbI, pac-
CqHTaHHbIe Ha OJI,HH .lI.eHb. ABapH{lHbIM 3anac npo-
.l{YKTOB JI,OJI)KeH COCTaB.'15ITb 20 % OT o6w:ero KO-
J1HQeCTBa.
CJIelI.yeT opraHH30BaTb YQeT pacnpe.l{eJIeHH5I
npOJI,YKTOB Me)KJI,Y Y'IaCTHHKaMH H QeTKHH KOHT-
pOJIb 3a HX paCXO.l{OBaHHeM. TaKoH yqeT Be.l{eT
3aBX03 no nHTaHHIO.
HOpMbI nOTpe6J1eHHH npo.n.YKTOB. DpH opraHH-
3aIJ.HH nHTaHHH B nYTeIlleCTBH5IX CJIe.n.yeT nOM-
HHTb, qTO COOTHOIlleHHe 6eJIKOB, )KHpOB H yrJIeBo.
.l{OB JI,OJI)KHO 6bITb 1: 1 :4/5. DpH 3TOM 6eJIKH )KH-
BOTHoro npOHCXO)K.l{eHH5I COCTaBJI5IlOT 50 %. Ha
Ka)K.l{bIH KHJIOrpaMM Beca TypHCTa paCXOlI.yeTcH
He MeHee 1-1,5 r 6e.IJKa, CTOJlbKO )Ke MHpOB H
B 4-5 pa3 60JIbIlle yrJIeBO.l{OB.
30
HOpMbI rroTpe6HOCTH B rrHU.r:eBbIX Be eCTBaX H
3HeprHH B CyTKH .l{JIH .lI.ereH IllKOJIbHOrO B03paCTa
rrpHBe.ll.eHbI B Ta6JIHlI,e ,N'2 3 *.
T a 6 JI U II a N23.CYTOqH8R nOTpeoHocTb B OCHOBHblX
nHIUeBblx BeIUeCTBax " aHepr"" Y ,lI,eTeH
B03paCT,
neT
I EelIKH, r I I I
. )l(HPbI, YrlIeBOJ\b', !\anopHIlHOCTb.
I ;KHBOT. r r KKaJI
8Cero I HbIe
7-10
11-13
14-17
80
96
106
48
58
64
80
96
106
324
382
422
2400
2850
3150
B TypHCTCKHX nOXO.l{aX nOTpe6.'leHHe 6eJIKa
.lI.JIH .lI.eTeH 10-13 JIeT CJIe.ll.yeT YBeJIH'IHTb .l{0
116-120 r, .l{JIH pe6HT 14-17 JIeT - p:o 132-
140 r. 06 aH KaJIOpHHHOCTb pall,HOHa rrHTaHHH
cOCTaBHT 3700-4000 KKaa.
OpraHH3all,HH rrHTaHHH .lI.eTeH B TypHCTCKHX rro-
XO.ll.ax 3aMeTHO OTJIH'IaeTCH OT B3pOCJIbIX. TaK,
eCJIH Y.lI.eJIbHbIH Bec 6e.1KOB ){{HBOTHOro rrpOHC-
X02K.lI.eHHH .lI..TIH B3pOCJIbIX COCTaBJIHeT 50 %, TO
lI.JIH .lI.eTeH IllKOJlbHOrO B03paCTa - 65-60 %.
OOTpe6HOCTHM .lI.eTCKOrO OpraHH3Ma B HaH60JIb-
IlleH CTerreHH COOTBeTcTByeT MOJIO'lHbIH 6eJIOK,
KaK H BCe OCTaJIbHble KOMnOHeHTbI Mo.'lOKa, no-
3TOMY OHO .lI.OJI)KHO paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK 06H3a-
TeJIbHblH:, He rrO.l{JIe2Ka HH 3aMeHe rrpO.l{YKT .lI.e1-
CKoro rrHtaHHH. Y'IHTbIBaH Tat\2Ke, 'ITO .lI.JIH .lI.eTen
IllKOJIbHOro B03paCTa CYTO'IHaH HopMa MOJIOKa CO-
CTaBJIHeT 500 M.l, B YC.'lOBHHX TYPHCTCKHX rroxo-
.lI.OB ero M02KHO 3aMeHHTb cry eHHbIM H.TIH CyXHM.
Ho npH 3TOM cJle.ll.yeT rrOMHHTb, '1TO 100 r lI,e.11b-
* WUMaHoBcKuii. B. CP., fOHOnoJ!bCKf.l.ii. B: 11. TIuTaHue
B rypUCTCKOM ITyTeluecTBuu. M., 1986. C. 101.
31
Horo MOJIOKa cooTBeTcTByeT .12 r cyxoro Mo.nOKa
H.nH 25 r cry eHHoro.
DpH opraHH3auHH nJITaHHH }],eTeH B YCJIOBHHX
TypHCTCKHX nOXOJrOB Heo6xoJ],HMO npe.l{ycMoT-
pen .l{OCTaTOlJHOe BKJIIOlJeHHe B paUHoH KOHJ],H-
TepCKHX H3.l1.e.nHH: nelJeHbH, naCTH.nbl, KOH<peT, Ba-
peHbH H )D!<eMOB. Caxap B .lI.eTCKOM nHTa!IHH BO
BpeMH nOXOJ],OB .l{OJI)!<eH COCTaB.nHTb He MeHee
20 % 06 ero Ko.nHlJeC'fBa yrJIeBO.l{oB. H TeM He
MeHee HeJJb3H ,LIOnYCI<aTb pe:JKoro npe06JJaJ],aHHH
yrJIeBOJ].OB B J],eTCKOM nHTaHIm, TaK KaK .:no nplI-
BOJ],HT K CYll1.eCTBeHHOMY HapyweHHlo 06MeHa Be-
ll1.eCTB H CHfDKeHHIO yC'fOHlJHBOCTH opraHH3:vIa K
HH<peKUI!I!.
KaKHe rrpO.ll.YKTbI H CKOJIbKO CJIeJIyeT B3HTb B
TYPllCTCKHII noxo.l{? DpH 3TOM He06xo.l{HI',lO HCXO-
J],HTb H3 TOro, lJTO B HopMa.'lbHbIX YC.nOBH5JX 6eJIK.1
J].OJIlliHbI COCTaB.TI5JTb J],O 15 % CYTO'IHOH Ka.10pHH-
HOCTH, lliHpbI - .l{0 35 %, yr JIeBO.ll.bI - .lI.O 50 %.
BHTaMHHbl B nHTainul TypHCTOB. BHTaMHHH3a-
UH5J opraHH3Ma nyTewecTBeHHHKoB B .neTHe-oceH-
Hee BpeM5J He COCTaB.n5JeT TPY.l{HOCTeH. TpY.ll.Hee
npHXO.l{HTC5J, KorJ],a Yllie HeT .TIeTHe-OceHHero H30-
6H.TIHH OBOll1.eH H <PPYKTOB, a BHTaMHHbI HY}KHbI
H, B nepBYIO O'Iepe.l{b, BHTaMHH C. JIYlJWHM HC-
TO'IHHKOM ero .lI.a)!<e B 3HMHHX YCJIOBH5JX 5JB.n5JeT-
CfI 5Jro}],a WHrrOBHIIKa. D03TOMY WHnOBHHK B ne-
pe'iHe npO}],YKTOB .lI.JI5J noxoJ].a .l{o.nllieH 3aH5JTb
CBoe MeCTO. HaCTOH WHrrOBHHKa rOTOBHTC5J JIer-
KO, H 3TO MOlliHO ,LIeJIaTb noc.TIe pKHHa. LLJIH 3TO-
ro pa3MHTYIO 5JroJ],y wHnOBHHKa 3aJIeiiTe KHnHT-
KOM B TepMocaX-H3 paClJeTa 1 CTaKaH KHnHTKa
Ha JIOlliKY .lI.p06JleHoH MaCCbI. YTpOM eo}],eplliHMoe
TepMoeoB npoueJ].HTe 'Iepe3 2-3 e.TIOH MapJIH, J].O-
6aBbTe caxap no BKyey H npHHHMaHTe no nOJI-
eTaKaHa 3a OJ].HH npHeM.
32
IvlO/KHO HCnOJIb30BaTb XBOIO .lI..:l51 nOnO.nHeHH5I
nHTaHH5I BHTaMHHaMHC H OC06eHHO XBOIO Ke,lI,pa,
nHXTbI, COCHbl. Ll.rI5I npHrOTOBJIeHH5I HaCT051 XBOH
C06epHTe ee C BeTOqeK, TO:I HHa KOTOpbIX He npe-
BbIIllaeT .3-4 MM. Opo lOi1Te BOn.OH, H3Me.'Ib'lHTe
TonopHKOM II 3aJJekre B KaCTpIO:Ie rOp5lqeH BOn.OH
(Ha I CTaKaH XBOI1 I CTaKaH BO.ll.bI) H OCTaBbTe Ha
TenJIOM MeCTO Y KocTpa (Korn.a KocTep nepero-
pHT, KaCTpIOJIIO MO/KHO nepecTaBHTb Ha Harpe-
TYIO yrJI5IMH 3eM.rrIO H OCTaBHTb .lI.O yrpa). YTpOM
npou.e,lI,HTe, OT/KaB XBOIO, H neHTe. TaKOH HaCTOH
MO./KHO nHTb H Ha MapIllpyre.
I1CTOqHHKOM BHTaMHHOB MorYT 6bITb H cyxo-
<PPYKTbl, KOTopbIe MO/KHo HcnOJlb30BaTb )].JIH non.-
KOpMKH B nYTH (H YTOJI5IIOT /Ka/K.l{Y), a TaK/Ke
.lI.JI5I npHrOTOBJIeHI1H Kaw.
OOnOJIHHTb opraHII3M BHTaMHHaMH nO lOrYT B
JIeTHee BpeM5I ca.rraTbl H3 .rrHCTbeB Me.ll.YHHU.bI,
O.ll.YBaHqHKa, JJonyxa, 60p eBHHKa, nO.ll.OpO./KHH-
Ka, KpanHBbl, MaH/KeTKH, 3a5lqbeH KanYCTbI, MO-
JIO.lI.bIX JIHCTbeB HBaH-qa5l. Llo6aBKa .rrYKa H paCTH-
TeJIbHOrO Mac.rra npH.lI.aeT CaJIaTY OCQ6bIH BKYC.
MOR\HO npHrOTOBHTb HanHTOK H3 KpanHBbI
(pacrepeTb MOJIO.ll.ble CTe6JIH .lI.O n05lB.rreHH5I ryc-
Toro 3eJIeHOrO COKa, 3aJIHTb XOJIO.l{HOH KHn5lqeHOH
BO)].OH, XOpOIllO nepeMeIllaTb, npOlJ,e.ll.HTb H )].06a-
BHTb caxap no BKYCY).
YnaKoBKa npO.ll.YKTOB. KaK ynaKoBaTb npO.ll.YK-
TbI .lI..TJ5I noxo.ll.a? OOMHHTe, qTO cbmYQHe np0)].YK-
Tbl .rrYQIlle ynaKoBaTb B .lI.BOHHYIO ynaKoBKY (no-
JIH.3THJIeHOBbIH naKeT B MaTepQaTOM MeIllKe).
JIYK, qeCHOK, KapTo<peJIb TpaHcnopTHpYIOT B
MaTepQaTbIX CYMKax. X.rre6, cyxapH - TaK/Ke,
CoxpaHHocTb npO.l{YKTOB B YCJIOBH5IX nOXO.l{OB
3aBHCHT He TOJIbKO OT ynaKoBKH, HO H OT Toro,
KaKoe MeCTO B pIOK3aKe HM OTBen.eHO. EY.ll.eT npa-
2 7269
33
BHJIbHO, eC<lH HH)KHIOIO TpeTb pIOK3aKa 3aiIMYT
CaMble TH)KeJIble, fiO MaJIora6apHTHble Be H (KOH-
CepBbI, caxap, MYKa, KPynbI). Ha HHX YKJIa.ll.bIBa-
IOTCH 60Jlee JIerKHe H 06"beMHble npOJJ.YKTbI (cyxa..
pH, MaKapOHbI, cyxoe MO,,'IOKO), 3aTeM :IHOmble
Beru:H.
Pe:HUIM nHTaHHSI. 3TO HCKJIIOqWreJlbHO Ba:>KHbIU:
MOMeHT B OpraHH3aU)1H nHTaHHH nYTeWeCTBeHHH-
KOB. OOMHHTe, qTO HeJJ.OnYCTHMO DIITaHHe YPbIB-
KaMH, B pa3HOe BpeMH. 3TO npHBOJJ.HT K CHH)Ke-
HHIO anneTHTa. D.eTHM peKOMeHJJ.yeTcH qeTblpeX-
pa30BOe I1HTaHHe. BCI10MHHM pe)KHM I1HTaHHH
JJ.JIH pe6HT, 06Y'IaIOillHXCH B l1epBYIO cMeHy. OH
CJIeJJ.YIOllJ,HH: l-u: 3aBTpaK-8.00 Fpa (20 % 06-
eu: CYTOqHOH KaJlopHHHOCTH I1H H), 2-u: 3aBT-
paK - B 11.00 (20 % 06llJ,eiI KaJIOpHU:HOCTH cY-
TO'IHoro paU:HoHa), 06e.ll.-B 15.00 (35 % 06w.eH
KaJIOpHHHOCTH cYTo'moro pan.HoHa) H Y)KHH-
B 20.00 (25 % 0611 ei'1 Ka,1JOpm1HOcTH CYTOqHOrO
paU:HoHa). B. <1>. lllHMaHoBcKHH H B. l1. fOHO-
110JIbCKHH (1986) peKoMeH.l{YIOT CJIeJJ.YIOllJ,HH 06'b-
T a 6 JI 11 II a N24. npliMepHblii 06"beM nopluili
ropll'leil nlllUll AJlII AeTeii B ycnoBHllx
TYPHCTCKIIX nOXOAOB
XapaKTep nllll\H
I 06"beM nopl.\1I11
151IeT
7 lOlIeT 111-141IeT IUCTapwe
3aBTpaK fopllqee
6J1ID,D,0
n HTbe
06e,D, 1-e 6JIID,D,O
2-e 6J1IDJJ.0
n lIThe
Y)/{HH fOpHqee
6JJID O
f1 HTbe
34
250-300 300 300-400
250 250 250
300-400 400 500
200-300 250-350 300-350
250 ' 250 250
200-250 250 250-300
250 250 250
eM nOpUI1H rOpHqeH nl1llJ,H B YCJIOBHHX TYPI1CT-
CKI1X nOXO.ll.OB }J.JIH .lI.eTeH lilKo.nbHoro B03paCTa.
BTOpOH 3aBTpaK .l{JIH yqaCTHHKOB nOX0.ll.a HB-
JIHeTCH «CYXI1M». LLJIH cyxoro naHKa MO)KHO I1C-
nOJIb30BaTb CJIe.ll.YIO l1e rrpO}J.YKTbI: KOn'-IeHYIO
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pYKaBHuax, Be.l{pa C rOToBolr I1H1lJ,ei\ OCTaBJJflTb
Ha paCCTOflHHll He MeHee 2 MeTpOB OT «CTOJIa».
TonopH c.TIe}1.yeT TpaHcnopTHpoBaTb B 'IeXJlaX,
H He no}1. K.'IanaHaMH pIOK3aKa, a B pIOK3aKe, 'ITO
HCK.TIIO'IaeT B03MOLKHOCTb BHna}1.eHHH Tonopa 1I3
plOK3aKa II HaHeceHlIfl TpaBMbI.
Cepbe3Horo OTHOIlleH!\H OT PYKOBO}1.HTenH Tpe-
6yeT KynaHl!e B TYPI1CTCKHX nOXO.ll.ax. MeCTa 1l.TIH
KynaHliH B peKax c.TIe.l{yeT BbI6lIpaTb BbIIlle cnyc-
Ka KaHami3aUHOHHbIX 'BOA, JIHBHeCTOKOB, BbIIlle
Y'IaCTKOB, HcnO.TIb3YIOlllHXCfl }1.JIfl CTHpKH, nonoc-
"KaHHH 6eJlbfl, CTOI!6HIlJ, II BO.l{OnOH CKOTa, Kyna.
HHH LKHBOTHbIX. KaTeropll'IeCKli 3anpelllaeTcfl KY-
naHlie B BO.l{OeMaX B6.TIII311 fH.l{pOTeXHll'IeCKIIX co-
opYLKeHlIi\, nnOTlIH, HI.TII030B, .l{aM6, B rpaHHuax
nepBonOHca 30HbI caHliTapHOH oxpaHbI, llCTO'IHH-
KOB x03HilcTBeHHo-nHTbeBoro BO.l{OCHa6LKeHHH.
rny6HHa MeCTa KynaHHH npH CKopOCTrr Te'Ie-
50
HH5! He CRbIwe 0,5 MiceK )].OJDKHa ObITb He 60JIbWe
1,5 M. TeMnepaTypa BO.l{hI npH KynaHHH - He
HH}Ke 18°C.
Ka}K)].oe KynaHue npOBO.ll.HTC5! C pa3peWeHH5!
PYKoBo.ll.HTeJI5! rpynnbI H TOJlbKO B ero npHCYT-
CTBHH. )J,JI5! Ha6mo)].eHH51 H CBoeBpeMeHHoro OKa-
3aHH5! nOMO H O)].HH H3 PYKoBo)].HTe.'Iei'I .l{O.'I}KeH
HaXO)].HTbC5! Ha 6epery.
EC.'IH B rpynne HMeIOTCH n.TIOBILhI-pa3p.H)].HHKH,
c.'Ie)].yeT npHBJIelIb HX K )].e}KypcTBY B nOMO b
PYKoBo)].HTe.'IIO, HO He.'Ib35! HM nopYlIaTb PYKOBO.l{-
CTBO KynaHHeM.
O,n:HoBpeMeHHo MO}KeT KynaTbC5! He oO.'Iee 8 lIe-
.'IOBeK H He CBbIwe 10 MHHYT.
Bo BpeM.H Kyna.HH5! He )].onYCKaTb KpHKOB. 061>-
.HCHIITb BceM, '-ITO KpIlK - 3TO CIIrHan 0 nOMOI1.I.H.
KaTeropHlIecKII 3anpe aeTC.H Hblp5!HHe C .'10)].-
KH, C MOCTIIKOB, 06pbIBIIcToro 6epera, a TaK}Ke
KynaHHe B cy:wepKH H B HOlIHoe BpeMH, noc.'Ie
npIIH5!TII5I nH II B TelIeHIIe 1,5 lIaca.
C06JIIO)].eHHe npaBH.TI oco6eHHO Ba}KHO )]..'I5! .l{e-
l.elL I1HcTpYKIJ.IIerr MIIHHcTepcTBa npOCBe eHII5!
CCCP npe)].YCMOTpeHO orpaHHlIeHHe npO)].O.I]}KH-
Te.'IbHOCTII TYPIICTCKHX nOXO)].OB C YlIa HMHC.H.
Tax, )]..'I5! ylIa HXC5I 5-6 KJ1aCCOB _ np0.ll.O.'I}KH-
TE'JIbHOCTb nOXO.l{OB He )].O.'I}KHa npeBblwaTb 10
JI.HeM. npII 3TOM KO.'IHlIeCTBO XO)].OBbIX )].Hell He
MO}KeT npeBbIwaTb n5!TH )].HeiL )J,mI YlIa HXC5I
7--8 IwaCCOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO 20 II 10 )].HeM. )J,.'I5I
YlIaIl',HXC51 9-10 KJIaCCOB - 30 .l{Herr.
HOpMhl )].HeBHbIX nepexo)].oB C rpY30M )]..'I5! YlIa-
IIXC5! pa3Hblx B03paCTOB npe)].cTaB.'IeHbI B Ta6-
.'IHILe oN!! 7.
MaXCHMaJIbHUe HOpMbI Beca pIOK3aKoB )]..'I5I
TpeHIIpoBaHHblx YlIacTHIIKOB nOXo;{a npe;r,cTaB.'Ie-
HbI B Ta6.'IHIJ.e oN!! 8.
51
T a 6 JI H U a N27. HOpMbl Jl,HeBHbIX nepeXOJl,OB
11 pOJlo.,m HTe." bHOCTb
noxOJla
I f1PO.nOJUKHTelIbHOCTb. KM
11-12 neT 113-14 neT 115-16 ."eT
O,UHH ,UeHb
D.Ba ,UHSI
3 ,UHSI Ii 60JIee (B cpe.uHeM
3a ,UeHb)
12
20
10-12
15
24
12-15
20
35
16-18
T a 6 JI H 1.\ a N2 8. MaKCHMaJlbHble HOpMbl Beca
plOK3aKOB Jl,JlH TpeHHpOBaHHblX yqaCTHHKOB noxo.ua
Bee plOK3aKa, Kr
B03paCT, n.eT
Ma...llb"lHKH JI.eB01.1KH
11 8 6
10 7
12 8
14 14 10
15 16 12
16 18 14
B3pOCJIbie IOHOlllH J.(eBYllIKH
22-24 16-18
6J.1BALlHbIE PA60Tbi
Bbl60p MeCTa J],JISI 6HBaKa. B nOXO.ll.ax 6lIBaq-
Hble pa60Tbl Tpe6YIOT CTOJIb lKe npHCTaJIbHOrO
BHHMaHH.H, KaK H Bce OCTa.'IbHble BOnpOCbl. DOJ1b-
woe 3HaqeHHe HMeIOT Bbl60p MeCTa AmI 6HBaKa,
opraHH3aIJ.HH H TeXHHKa pa60T, CBepTbIBaHHe .'Ia-
rep5L
MeCTa .lI..'I.H 6HBaKOB npe.ll.YCMaTpHBaIOT eIlle
npH pa3pa6oTKe MapwpYTa. OHH J],omKHbl OTBe-
qaTb onpeJ],e.'IeHHbIM Tpe6oBaHH.HM. nepBoe H ca-
Moe Ba2KHOe - 6e30naCHOCTb. ::ITO 60.'IbWe Kaca-
52
eTC.H KaTerOpHHHblX nOXO;:J:OB B ropax. B neWHX
Ii BeJlOCHne;:J:HbIX noxo;:J:ax no pO;:J:HOMY
Kpmo Bonpoc 6e30naCHOCTH CTOHT He CT0.'Ib
OCTpO.
BHBaK CJle;:J:yeT pa36HBaTb He n03me KaK 3a
;:J:Ba lIaca .lI.O HaCTYn.'JeHH.H TeMHOTbl B 3a Hw:eH-
HOM OT BeTpa, pOBHOM, CYXOM MeCTe B6.'IH3H OT
BO.l{bl H .lI.pOB. He.'Ib3H pa36HBaTb .'Iarepb pH;:J:OM
C .l{epeBHeH, CKOTHblM ;:J:BOpOM, Y BO;:J:oeMOB co
CTO.HlIeH U:BeTy eH BO;:J:OH, Ha nYTH neperOHa CKO-
Ta. OCTaHOBKa Y KPYTblX 6eperOB BO;:J:oxpaHHJlH
He MeHee onaCHa. OO.ll.MblBaeMble BO.ll.OH, OHH PY-
WaTC.H. B CB.H3H C 3THM CJIe;:J:yeT 6bITb oco6eHHO
BHHMaTe.'IbHbIM B paHOHe KaXOBCKoro BO;:J:oxpa-
HH.'IH a.
He c.T!e;:J:YeT YCTpaHBaTb .'Iarepb B rycToM KYC-
TapHHKe HJIH B XBOHHblX 3apoc.'I.HX H3-3a onaCHO-
CTH B03HHKHOBeHH.H .'IeCHbIX nomapOB, a TaKJKe
H3-3a KOMapoB.
OpraHH3aLlHH 6HBaIJHbiX pa6oT. HeonblTHble
PYKOBO;:J:I1TeJ1H He npH.lI.aIOT 3TOMY Bonpocy .l{OJIm-
HorO 3HalIeHH.H. 11 yme lIepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeM.H
C HalIa.'Ia 6HBalIHblX pa60T 3TO CKa3blBaeTC.H.
B.lI.pyr o6HapymHBaIOT, lITO TYPHCTbl, ywe;:J:WHe B
Jlec 3a ;:J:pOBaMH, YHeCJlH BCe TOnopbl, a .lI.emyp-
Hble, npHcTynHB K npHrOTOB.'IeHHIO ymHHa, He
3HaIOT, y KOro HaXO;:J:.HTCfI HymHble HM npo;:J:YKTbl,
H T. ;:J:. A eC.'IH B.lI.pyr nowe.'I .lI.Om;:J:b, H na.T!aTKH
e e He YCTaHOB.'IeHbl, pIOK3aKH, pa36pocaHHble
no nOJI.HHe, npOMOK.'IH. OpH TaKOH opraHH3au.HH
Ha 6HBalIHhle pa60Tbl rpynna nOTpaTHT He MeHee
4 lIaCOB. B TaKHX c.'IYlIaHx ymHH 3aT.HrHBaeTcH,
a y .lI.emypHblX nO.HB.'I.HIOTC.H .lI.OnO.'IHHTe.'IbHble
TPY.ll.HOCTH, CB.H3aHHble C MblTbeM nocY;:J:bl H y6op-
KOH noc.'Ie ymHHa. ):La H BpeMeHH ;:J:.'I.H oT;:J:bIxa
y KocTpa nOlITH He OCTaeTC.H. A Be;:J:b CKO.'IbKO
53
pa.l{OCTII OH ;:J:OCTaB.'I5IeT: MOlliHO CneTb TYPIICT-
CKIIe neCHII, nOWYTIITb.
fl03TOMY OpraHII3aLI.IIIO 6IIBalJHblX pa60T PYKO-
BO.l{IITe.'Ib .l{O.'IllieH npO.ll.YMaTb 3apaHee, BO BpeM5!
.lI.BIIllieHII5! no MapwpYTY. L'IaBHOe - He06xo;:J:IIMO
06eCnelJIITb YlJaCTHIIKaM noxo;:J:a WIIpOKIIH <ppOHT
pa60T, T. e. C;:J:e.'IaTb TaK, lJT06b1 O;:J:HOBpeMeHHO
BbInO.'IH5!.'IOCb KaK MOlliHO 60.'IbWe ;:J:e.'I. flpII;:J:5I
K MeCTY pa36IIBKII .'Iarep5!, PYKOBO;:J:IITe.'Ib YKa-
3bIBaeT MeCTO, KY.lI.a c.'Ie;:J:yeT C.'IOlliIITb pIOK3aKII,
rOBopIIT, KTO II lJTO ;:J:O.'IllieH ;:J:OCTaTb II3 CBOIIX
pIOK3aKOB ;:J:.'I5! 6IIBalJHblX pa60T. B c.'IYlJae .lI.Olli-
;:J:5! p.acnqp5!lliaeTCH HaKpblTb pIOK3aKII nO.'IH3TII-
.'IeHOBbIMII n.'IeHKaMH. flocJIe 3Toro onpe;:J:e.'I5!eT,
KTO II;:J:eT 3a BO;:J:OH, KTO YCTaHaBJIIIBaeT KOCTpII-
e ;:J:.'I5I .lI.elliypHblX. L!.elliypHble rOTOB.HT np0;:J:Yl{-
Tbl ;:J:.'I5! npIIrOTOB.'IeHII5! ylliIIHa, a Bce OCTa.'IbHble
YXO;:J:5!T B .'Iec 3arOTOBIITb ;:J:pOBa.
11 TO.'IbKO nOCJIe 3Toro, Kor;:J:a Y KOCTpa 6y.u.eT
.lI.OCT aTOlJ Hoe KO.'IIIlJeCTBO ;:J:pOB, lJaCTb .'IIO;:J:eH
MOlliHO OCTaBIITb B .'Iarepe ;:J:J15! YCTaHOBKII na.'Ia-
TOK. OCTa.'IbHbIe 06eCnelJIIBaIOT rpynny ;:J:posaMII
.lI.J15! BelJepHerO KOCTpa H npIIrOTOB.'IeHII5I 3aBT-
paKa.
Bce 6IIBalJHble pa60Tbl HYlliHO 3aKaHlJIIBaTb ;:J:O
Y}KHHa. YllaCTHIIKII noxo;:J:a ;:J:O.'IlliHbI 3HaTb 06
3TOM.
YTpOM Bce 6IIBalJHble pa60Tbl .l{O.'IlliHbl 6blTb
3aKOHlJeHbl ;:J:O 3aBTpaKa. .
KOpOTKO 06 opraHII3all.IIH YTpeHHHx 6IIBallHblx
pa60T. L!.elliypHblX c.'Ie.ll.yeT nO;:J:H5!Tb 3a nO.'ITOpa-
lI.Ba lJaca.ll.O 06 ero nO.l{"beMa. E e C BelJepa
HylliHO n03a60TIITbC5!, lJT06b1 Y HIIX 6b1JIO .lI.OCTa-
TOlJHO .lI.pOB .lI..'I5! npIIroToB.'IeHII5! 3aBTpaKa. ECJIII
PYKoBo;:J:IITe.rlb noxo;:J:a ynycTIIT II3 BII;:J:Y 31'01' BO-
npoc, TO MOllieT C.'IYlJIITbC5! TaK, lJTO BelJepOM
5.1
6y.lI.YT CmIOKeHbl BCe JJ:pOBa, II YTPOM JJ:elliYPHbJe
rrOTpaT T JJ:paTOueHHOe BpeM Ha IIX rrOIICKII.
LI.poBa JJ:Jl rrpIIrOTOB.1eIlII 3aBTpaKa HYlliHO
C BelJepa C.'IOR{lITb B CTOpOHe OT OCTaJIbHblX II Ha-
KPbITb rrO.'III3TII.'IeHOBOH rr.'IeHKOH Ha C.TIYlJaH .l{Olli'
JJ: HOlJbIO.
C BelJepa .lI.O.'IlliHbI 6bITb OT.'IO)!{ Hbl II rrpO.ll.YK-
Tbl .l{.'I5I rrpIIrOTOBJIeHII 3aBTpaKa. EC.'III 3Toro He
CJJ:e.'IaTb, TO JJ:elliypHbJe BblHYlli.ll.eHbl 6Y.l{YT YTpOM
B rrOIICKax rrpO.l{YKTOB 6Y1I.IITb cmI IIX.
flO.ll."beM .lI.O.'IllieH 6b1Tb opraHII30BaHHb1M, a YT-
peHHIIH Tya.'IeT orrepaTIIBHblM. LI.0 3aBTpaKa rpyrr-
rra 06 3aHa ycrreTb CHHTb rra.'IaTKII II Y.'IOlliIITb
pIOK3aKII. flocJle 3aBTpaKa KOTe.'IKII lJIICTIIT HO-
Ba CMeHa .lI.elliypHblX, a «CTapa » 3a 3TO BpeM
ycrreBaeT Y.'IOlliIITb CBOII pIOK3aKII. BOT rrOlJeMY
1I.elliypCTBO .'IYlJwe rrepeJJ:aBaTb rroc.rre 3aBTpaKa.
HOBa CMeHa JJ:eR{ypHbIX 3a60TlfTc II 0 KocTpe
(3a.'IIIBaeT BO.ll.OH, YKJIa.l{blBaeT .l{epH).
OCTaBwIIec .lI.pOBa aKKypaTHo CJIOlliIITe B O.ll.-
HOM MeCTe, T. K. OHII MorYT rrpIIrO.ll.IITbCH .l{pyroH
rpyrrrre TYPIiCTOB. 3TO oc06eHHo BalliHO BO BpeM
3IIMHIIX rrOXO.ll.OB, KOr.ll.a rpyrrrra HOlJyeT B YKPbl-
TIIHX: B CTopolliKax, B .lI.OMIIKaX JJ:.'I OXOTHIIKOB
II T. .lI.. HYlliHO BcerJJ:a OCTaBIITb XOT 6b1 He60.'Ib-
woi:'r 3arrac JJ:pOB Ii CrrIIlJKII C TeM, lJT06bl 3arr03.
JJ:aBwa rpyrrrra, .'IeCHIIKII, OXOTHIIKII II T. 11.. Mor-
.'III IIMI1 BOcrrOJlb30BaTbCK OnblTHble TYPIICTbl
3HaIOT 3TOT HerrIIcaHblH 3aKOH II HIIKOr.ll.a He rr03-
BO.TJ T ero HapywIITb.
T ex H H K a 6 H B a 'I H bl X P a 6 0 T. YCTaHoB-
Ka naJlaTOK. fla.'IaTKII CJIeJJ:yeT CTaBIITb Ha POB-
HOH rr.'IOIllaJJ:Ke 6e3 KOlJeK, MOK II nHeH. )KeJIa-
TelIbHO IIX pacrro.rrolliIITb Ha O.ll.IIHaKOBOM pac-
CTOHHlII1 O.ll.Ha OT .lI.Pyroi'I. Ho ::no He JJ:O.fjlliHO
6blTb caMoue.'IbIO. He.'Ib3 B rrorOHe 3a BHewHIIM
55
BH.lI.OM JIarepfl npeHe6peraTb Y.ll.06CTBaMH .lI.eU!
TypHCTOB. OpH pa36fIBKe 6HBaKa HYlKHO npeLK.lI.e
BCerO ,lLYMaTb 06 06ecnelleHHH 3;1,0pOBOro H 6e30-
naCHoro OTD:bIxa. EC.'IH LKe HeT B03MOLKHOCTH
pa3MeCTHTb Bce na.laTKH Ha O;:J,HOH n.loma;J.Ke,
HX CTaB5JT Bpa36poc.
OO,lL nO.l na.laTKH nO;10)!mTe .1HClLH, \le.'IKHe
BeTKH, MOX. CTaB5! na.laTKY Ha cHery H.1H :1 b;:J,Y ,
Ha nOel BHYTPH naelaTKH C.'JOLKHTe BepeBKH, nyc-
TbIe pIOK3aKH, WTOpMOBKH. EC.'IH BaWa na.laTKa
He HMeeT BOD:OHenpOllliuaeMoro .lI.Ha, TO BHH3 no,lL
lIa.laTKY paCCTe.lliTe K.leeHKY H.1H nO.1H3TH.'IeHO-
BYIO n.'JeHKY. D..15J 3amHTbI OT .lI.OLKD:eBOH BO.ll.bl,
CTeKaIOIlI.eH C KpbIWH na.11aTKH, BOKpyr Hee nO'lTH
BnJIOTHylO BbIKonailTe pOBHK rJIy6HHoH H WHPH-
HOM 8-10 CM. OH OTBe.l{eT BO.l{Y no CKJIOHY MeCT-
HOCTH.
KaK YCTaHOBHTb na.rraTKY? BbIHYB ee H3 lIeXJIa
H pa3BepHYB, HaH,lLHTe no.'I H paCnJHHTe ero Ha
3eM.'Ie. 3aTeM B6eihe KOJIbIWKH B neTJ1H ,lLHa.
OOCJIe 3Toro nOCTaBbTe aJIbneHWTOKH (.11YlIwe
CHapYLKH naJIaTKH) Ii HanIHHT rJIaBHble HaT5JLK-
KH, npe.ll.BapHTe.'IbHO 3aCTerHyB BXO.ll. B naJIaTKY.
KOv'IbIWKH yr.'IOBbIX OTTflLKeK 3a6HBaihe TaK, lITO-
6bI BepeBKH 6bI.'IH KaK 6bI npOD:OmKeHHeM .lI.Haro-
HaJIeiI np5IMoyroJlbHHKOB CKaTOB KpbIlIlH. Ooc.'Ie
Toro KaK 6Y.lI.YT 3a6HTbI Bce KO.rlbIWKH, OTperYJIH-
Pyihe .lI..'IHHY OTT5J)!ZeK. I1Hor.lI.a npHxo). HTC5I Me-
H5JTb pacnOJ10LKeHHe KOJlbIWKOB, .lI.06ImaflCb, liTO-
6bI Ha nOJ10THI;IIlI.aX KpbIWH He 6bI.'I0 CKJla,lLOK.
CJIe.lI.HTe, lIT06bI CH.'Ia HaT5JllieHHH BepeBOK He
pa3pbIBav1a TKaHb na.'IaTKI1.
D..'I5J YCTaHOBKH na.laTKH .lI.OCTaTOllHO 10 KO-
JIbIWKOB, KOTopble B6HB2.IOT 06YXOM Tonopa
nOD: yr.rrOM 45 c K 3eM.rre. D..1HHa KO.'IbIWKOB 25-
30 CM.
56
Ha MHOrrrX MapWpYT3X OTBe.lLeHbI MeCTa lJ..;15I
npHrOTOB.1eHHH nHUUI, YCTaHOBJIeHbI KOCTpHW.3.
TaM, r.ll.e ::noro HeT, rpynna caMa BbI6ITpaeT Mec-
TO lJ.JI51 KOCTpa. OpIT BbI60pe YlITITTe 6.1IT30CTb
CYXITX n:epeBbeB, .1eca. OOCJIe.l{Hee 06CTO.HTeJIb-
CTBO Ba)KHO npIT pa36ITBKe 6ITBaKOB B C,oCHOBOM
6opy.' TaM KOCTpbI MO)KHO pa3BO.ll.ITTb TO.1bKO B
OTBeJJ.eHHbIX .lI.JIH ::noH ue..m MeCTax. Ec.'IIT TaKITX
MeCT HeT, TO KOCTep CJIe.ll.yeT pa3BO.l{ITTb Ha nom!.
Hax, B CTopOHe OT J1eca. Ho BbI .lI.O.'I)KHbI npen:Ba-
pHTeJIbHO paClIITCTITTb HaCT, y6paTb OnaBWITe
ITrOJIKIT XBOH lJ.O caMOH 3eM.'IIT B pa.ll.ITyce He Me-
Bee 1,5 MeTpa. Ecm1 BbI 6YlJ.eTe pa3BO.ll.ITTb KOC-
Tep Ha Tp3B.HHITCTOH MeCTHOCTIT, TO npe.ll.BapIT-
Te.1bHO CHITMHTe lJ.epH IT Y.10)KHTe ero B CTopOHe
KOpHHMH BHI13, 06HJIbHO nO.1HB BO.l{OH. OOCJIe
OKOHlIaHHH pa60TbI y KOCTpa ero 3aJIHBaIOT, n:a-
lOT OCTbITb H TOrlJ.a TOJIbKO YKJIalJ.bIBaIOT lJ.epH Ha
nperr\Hee MeCTO, 06IT.'IbHO nO.'IITB ero BOn:OH IT
npHTonTaB HoraMH K 3eM.71e.
OpH BbI60pe MeCTa lJ..1J5! KOCTpa YlIITTbIBaHTe
HanpaBJ1eHHe BeTpa. ilbIM OT KOCTpa He .lI.O.'I)KeH
IT.lI.TH Ha .1arepb.
Pa60.Ta Y KOCTpa. BbI6paB MeCTO JJ:JI.H KOCTpa,
YCTaHOBITTe KOCTpHW.e IT TO.'IbKO nOCJIe ::Horo pa3-
Bo.n.HTe KOCTep. Pa60Ta Y KOCTpa - TO)Ke OTBeT-
CTBeHHoe .n.e.TIo. Ha.ll.o 3HaTb, KaKITe JJ:pOBa CJIe-
JJ:yeT HCnOJIb30B3Tb, KaK ITX y.710)KITTb, lIT06bI Ha
npHrOTOB.1eHHe nIT IT 3aTpaTITTb MHHITM aJIbHOe
KOJIITlIeCTBO BpeMeHIT.
3HaHTe, lITO B nOXO.l{ax MO)KHO npITMeH.HTb c.'Ie-
n:YlOw.He THnbI KOCTpOB (pITc. 14):
1. «KOJIO,ll.eLl». ilBa nOJIeHa KJIa.ll.YT Ha yrm1
napa.'I.71eJIbHO Ha HeKoTopoM paCCTO.HHITIT JJ:pyr OT
n:Pyra, nonepeK HITX - e e JJ:Ba IT T. Ll. TaKa.H
KOHCTPYKU,lI5I no BHewHeMY BITJJ:Y JJ:eHCTBllTe.'IbHO
57
;0, :
I
2
: /1'/ .
. .3..
PUG. 14. TlInbl KOCTpOB:
1 - «KOJIo.neI..l,»: 2 - «llI2JIaw»: 3 - «3Be3;1Hhu1»: 4, 5, 6 - «Ta.
e>KHbli\»; 7 - «Tpll opeBHa»
HarrOMHHaeT KO.'J0.l{e3HbIH cpy6. OHa 06ecne l m-
BaeT XOpOWHH .lI.OcTyrr B03.l1.yxa K orHIO, H rro.'Je-
HhH 06hIlIHO paBHoMepHo rOp.HT no BceH .lI.JIHHe.
2. «llJaJIaIllHK» H.'JH «KOHYC». flOJIeHh.H YK.'Ja-
JJ:hlBaIOT Ha yrJIH HaKJIOHHO K Ll.eHTpy. flpH nOM
OHH lIaCTHlIHO orrHpaIOTC.H JJ:pyr Ha JJ:pyra. flpH
TaKOH KOHCTPYKLl.HH KOCTpa JJ:pOBa JJ:oropaIOT B
OCHOBHOM B CBoeH BepXHefI lIaCTH, HO 3aTO, 6.'Ja-
ro.ll.ap.H 6.'JH3KOMY coceJJ:CTBY HX rOp.HlllHX lIaCTeH,
rr.'JaM.H rrO.'JYlIaeTC.H MO HbIM, )KapKHM H KOHLl.eH-
TpHpOBaHHbIM. 3TOT nm KOCTpa 6bIBaeT BbIro-
.l{eH, eCJIH HYMHO BCKHrrHTHTb BOJJ:Y HJIH 6hICTpO
rrpHrOTOBHTb lITO-HH6Y.l{b B OJJ:HOM BeJJ:pe, KaCT-
pIO.'Je, lIaHHHKe. ECJ1H Me Ha.ll.O rrOBeCHTb Ha orOHb
He OJJ:Hy rrOCYJJ:HHy, a HeCKO.'JbKO II, KpOMe Toro,
)1<eJIaTe.'JhHO, lIT06bl Bce 6blJl0 rOTOBO O.ll.HOBpe.
58
MeHHa, TarJI.a «waJlaWHK» He naJI.XO.l{HT. TYT JIY'I-
we BaCnaJIb3aBaTbCH KahHM-HH6YJI.b JI.PyrHM TH-
naM KaCTpa, xaTH 6b1 TeM LKe «Ka.'Ia.l{u.eM».
3. «3Be3AHbIH». OaJIeHbH YK.'IaJI.bIBaIOT Ha rpy-
.lI.y yrJIeH C HeCKaJIbKHX cTapaH no. paJI.Hycy aT
u.eHTpa. rapeHlfe npaXa.ll.HT npeHMy ecTBeHHa B
u.eHTpe, H no. Mepe crapaHHH JI.paB HX npaJI.BHra-
lOT 6mfLKe K u.eHTpy.
4. «TaeLKHbIH». B pa3JIHlJHblX TypHCTCKHX cnpa-
BalJHHKaX H pYKaBaJI.CTBaX paCCKa3b1BaeTCH a
pa3Hblx cpapMax KacTpa «TaeLKHbIH». OH HCnaJlb-
3yeTC.H, Kar.ll.a Hea6xaJI.HMa npHraTaBHTb eJI.Y B
JI.aLKJI.b. Y xapailla pa3rapeBllleraC.H KocTpa .'IIO-
6ara THna YK.'IaJI.bIBaIOT Ta.'ICTae naJIeHa, a Ha He-
ra K.'Ia.ll.YT aCTa.'IbHble JI.paBa. HaK.'IaHHa pacna-
.'IaLKeHHble, aHH cno.ca6CTBYIOT 6b1CTpaMY CTeKa-
HHIO BOJI.bl H He ycneBaIOT npaMaKaTb.
5. «TPH 6peBHa». I1CnaJIb3YIOT .lI..'IH a6arpeBa,
npNraTaB.'IeHHH nH H, JI.JIH naJI..lI.epLKaHHH arH.H
Ba BpeM5J HalJeBhH. TaKoH KaCTep CKJlaJI.blBaeTCH
H3 Tpex 6a.'IbIllHX 6peBeH JI..'IHHaH 2-2,5 MeTpa.
ll.'IH Taro lJTa6b1 caapY.lI.HTb TaKaH KaCTep, HYLK-
HbI BpeM.H If CH.1bl, Ha 3aTa aH JI.aeT MHaro Ten.'Ia
If rapIfT, He Tpe6YH HaBblX JI.PaB, HeCKa.'IbKa lJaCaB
naJI.pH.lI., a eC.1H 6peBHa JI.aCTaTalJHa Ta.'ICTble, TO.
H BCIO HOlJb. B3pac.'Ible TypHCTbl npHMeHHIOT Ta-
KaH KacTep JI..'IH HOlJeBaK Ha cHery 6e3 naJlaTaK.
IOHblM TypHcTaM na.'Ib3aBaTbCH TaKHM KaCTpaM
nalJTH He npHxqJI.HTCH, Ha Ha BCHKHH HenpeJI.BH-
D,eHHbIH c.'IYlJarr na.'Ie3Ha 3HaTb, KaK era CJI.e.'IaTb.
,LL.'IH caapYLKeHHH -TaKara KaCTpa HaJI.a HMeTb
.lI.aCTaTalJHa MHora LKapKHX yr.'IeH, KaTopble na-
JlyqaIOTCH C naMa bIO aJI.Hara If3 KaCTpaB, onIf-
caHHblX paHee. 3TH yr.1H paCCbInaIOT Y3KaH na-
.'IaCaH JI..'IHHaH B 2-2,5 M H caaTBeTCTBeHHa JI..'IH-
He 3araTaB.'IeHHbIX TaJlCTblX 6peBeH, 3aTeM Ha-
59
6paCbIBaIOT nOBepx yr.'IeH XBOpOCT. Kor.ll.a XBO-
pOCT XopOWO 3aHMeTCH - 3aKaTbIBaIOT B orOHb
C.leBa H cnpaBa ,LI.Ba H3 Tpex npHrOTOB.'IeHHbIX
CYXHX 6peBeH, OCTaBHB Melli,LI.y HHMH paCCTOHHHe
npHMepHO B 2/3 HJIH Ha nOJIOBHHy ,LI.HaMeTpa
6peBHa. Yr.'IH H rop51 HH XBOpOCT oKalliYTcH
Melli,LI.y 6peBHaMH. OlIeHb nO.'Ie3HO 6bIBaeT npe.ll.-
BapHTeJIbHO npoHTHcb B,LI.OJIb 3THX 6peBeH Tono-
pOM H C,LI.e.'IaTb Ha HHX no BceH ,LI..'IHHe KOCbIe
3acelIKH, Hano,LI.o6He Tex, KOTopble ,LI.e.'IaIOT nJIOT-
HHKH, KOr.l{a HM Ha.ll.O BbITeCaH) nJIOCKOCTb. 3aKa-
TbIBaH 6peBHa B KOCTep, Ha.ll.O nOBepHYTb HX 3acelI-
KaMH K orHIO - TaK OHH 6bICTpee pa3ro-
pHTCH.
Kor.ll.a OHH XopOWO pa3ropHTCH, Ha HHX cBepxy
KJIa.ll.YT TpeTbe 6peBHO. Ha HeM C.l{eJIaTb 3acelIKH
H, YK.'Ia.ll.bIBaH, CJIe.ll.I1Tb, lIT06bI OHI1 6bI.TII1 o6pa-
eHbI BHI13, K omIO. Pa3ropa.IOTcH CYXHe 6peBHa
OlIeHb 6bICTpO H ropHT .lI.OJIro (npH .lI.HaMeTpe B
35-40 CM I1JIH 60JIbWe - BCIO HOlIb). Y TaKoro
KOCTpa MOlliHO BOlIeBaTb .lI.allie B CHJIbHbIe MO-
p03bI.
KaKI1e .lI.pOBa Heo6xo.ll.HMO HCnOJIb30BaTb ,LI.JIH
KocTpa? flOMHHTe, lITO .'IYlIWHMH .lI..'IH KOCTpa HB-
.'IHIOTCH .l{pOB3 XBOHHblX ,LI.epeBbeB (COCHbI, Ke,LI.-
pa), TaK KaK OHI1 Ma.'lO HCKpHT. TaKHe ,LI.pOBa
XOPOWH .lI.JIH HOlIHbIX KOCTpOB, KOr.ll.a nJIaHHpy-
eTO! cnaTb He B na.'laTKe, a Ha OTKpbITOM B03-
.lI.yxe.
):LJIH npHrOTOB.'IeHHH nH H MOlliHO I1CnO.'Ib30-
BaTb TaKllie CYXYIO .1I1CTBeHHHIJ.y H nHXTY. Ho
TO.lbKO HMeHTe B BH.n.y, lITO nHXTa lIaCTO «CTpe-
.'IHeT» yTOJIbKaMH.
113 JIHCTBeHHbIX nopO.ll. .'IYlIwe .lI.pyrrrx - 6epe-
3a, HO .lI.allie OHa ClIHTaeTCH xyllie XBOHHbIX .lI.e-
peBbeB.
60
Pa3BeAeHHe KOCTpa B CYXYIO TIoro.l{Y He CO-
CTaBJIHeT TPY.l{HOCTell. .QJIH 9Tdro CJIe.l{yeT YCTPO-
lITb ll1aJIall1 pa3)!{l!raHliH 113 JIY'-II1HOK 11 meTIbI.
TpY.l{Hee npl1.l{eTCH noc.!,e .l{O}!{.l{H, KOr.l{a .l{pOBa
OTCbIpeIOT. B JII060M CJIY'-Iae HY}!{HO lIMeTb cyxl1e
Cnl1'-1KI1. 003TOMY CI1I1'-1KI1 ynaKoBbiBallTe B TIO.'lll-
3TlIJIeHOBYIO nJIeHKY nO O.l{HOMY Kop06KY. 06Be-
.l{H JIe3BI1eM rOpH'-IerO HO}!{a TIO B.l{BOe CBepHYTOll
nJ,eHKe C Kop06KOM Cnl1'-1eK H 06pe3aB JIlIlllHl1e
KpaH ee, BbI Ha.l{e}!{HO ynaKyeTe Kop060K co Cm1'-1-
KaMH.
Opl1 .pa3}!{l1raHI1I1 KOCTpa 113 OTCbIpeBllll1X .l{pOB
MO}!{HO I1CnOJIb30BaTb cyxoe ropIO'-Iee I1JII1 CBe'-lY.
OOCTaBbTe orapOK CBe'-ll1 B 2-3 CM Ha 3eMJIIO.
Ha.l{ HliM lllaJIallll1KOM YJIO}!{I1Te JIY'-II1HKI1, 6epec-
TY I1JII1 enKlI, MeJIKl1e ,lJ,pOBa. JlY'-II1HKI1 .l{OJI}!{HbI
KacaTbCH BepxHell TIOJIOBI1Hbl H3bI'-IKa orHH, HO He
cpl1TlIJIH, I1Ha'-le nJIaMH noraCHeT. JlY'-II1HKI1 TaKI1M
06pa30M Ha'-lHYT nOllCbIxaTb 11 3aropHTCH. 3aro-
palOTCH 11 JIe}!{arnl1e pHAOM MeJIKl1e rnel1KI1 11 APO-
Ba, ycneBllll1e nO.l{COxHYTb. .QJIH pa3Bep.eHI1H KOCT-
pa XOpOlllO I1CnOJIb30BaTb 6epeCTY. Ho ee CJIellY-
eT CHliMaTb TOJIbKO C ynaBlllero rHI1JIOrO ,lJ,epeBa.
B .l{o}K.l{b KOCTep pa3BO.l{HT nOlI nOJII13TI1JIeHO-
BOll TIJIeHKoll. A .l{aJIbllle Bce 3aBI1CI1T 01' KOHCT-
PYK\J,HI1 KOCTpa. B .l{O}!{.l{b JIY'-Illle npl16eraTb K
«Tae}!{HOMY», KOHCTPYKUI1H KOToporo 06ecne'-ll1-
BaeT CTeKaHl1e BO.l{bI C 6peBeH.
.QJIH npHrOTOBJIeHI1H e.l{bI I1CTIOJIb3YlOT TaK Ha.
3bIBaeMbIe TIJIaMeHHbIe TliTIbI KOCTpOB (<<KOJIO-
.n.eu», «lllaJIalllI1K»). 11 XOTH «3Be3.l{HbIH» KOCTep
06bI'-IHO C'-II1TaeTCH }!{apOBbIM, OH Yll06eH lI.JI5I
TIpHrOTOBJIeHl-IH e.n.bI. .QJIH 3Toro YJIO}!{lITe KOHUbI
TIOJIeHbeB, HaXO.l{51 l1eCH B ueHTpe, .l{pyr Ha .l{Py-
ra. A YBeJII1'-1I1B lllllPliHY 3a30pa Me}!{.l{y nOJIeHb5l.
MI1 TIepBbIX llBYX TI1110B «Tae}!{HbIX» KOCTpOB, }!{a-
61
pOBOH KOCTep ,n:aCT ,n:OCTaTOqHO rrJIaMemr, qT06bI
rrpHrOTOBHTb' e,n:y.
fO.l{HTCH H }!(apOBbIe THrrbI KOCTpOB. BbI6 p
THTIOB KOCTpOB 3aBHCHT OT KOHCTPYKUHH KOCTPH-
llI.a. ECJIH TIepeKJIa,n:HHa paCrrOJIaraeTCH Ha.ll. KOCT-
pOM BbICOKO, TO rrpHeMJIeMbI THTIbI KOCTpOB BH3-
KO-}!(apOBbIX. KOHeqHO }!(e, 3KOHOMHee H y,n:06-
Hee }!(apOBbIe THrrbI KOCTpOB. )JJIH 3Toro CJIe,n:yeT
npe.l{YCMOTpeTb rro 2-3 HarraHKH Ha WTblpHX,
qTO rr03BO.'1HT perYJIHpOBaTb BbICOTY rrepeKJIa-
,n:HHbI.
flO.ll.rOTOBJIeHHbIe .l{pOBa CKJIa.l{LIBaHTe B 1.5-
2 MeTpax OT KocTpa C rrO.l{BeTpeHHoH CTOpOHbI,
qT06bI rOpHqHH B03.l{yxo6.l{YBaJI TIpHrOTOBJIeHHbIe
.l{pOBa H TeM caMbIM 11O.l{cywHBaJI HX.
BeqepOM, KOr.l{a BbI 6Y.l{eTe OT.l{bIxaTb, JIyqwe
HCrrOJIb30BaTb rrJIaMeHHbIe THTILI KOCTpOB.
CBOpaqHBaHHe J1arepSi. flocJIe rro,n:'LeMa B xo-
POWYIO rroro.l{y BbIHeCHTe H3 rraJIaTOK Bce Be H
11, OCB060.l{HB .l{HO OT KOJIbIWKOB, rrOlI.HHMHTe ero
Ha.l{ 3eMJIeH C rrOMO bIO 60KOBbIX paCTH}!(eK.
3TO .l{aCT B03MO}!(HOCTb rrO.l{cywHTb .l{HO rra-
JIaTKH.
CKJIa.l{bIBaTb rraJIaTKY HaqHHaHTe C .l{Ha, B6pa-
CbIBaH B Cepe.l{IIHY paCTH}!(KH. 3TO oc06eHHo Ba}!(.
HO B rrJIOXYIO rroro.l{Y, Kor,n:a paCTH}!(KH MOKpLIe
H rpH3HbIe. flaJIaTKY BJIO}!(HTe B qeXOJI. ECJIH
YKJIa.l{bIBaeTe ee cpa3Y rrOCJIe llO}!(JIH, KOr.l{a OHa
MOKpaH, BJIO)£(HTe B rrOJIH3TH.TIeHOBbIlr H.TIH KJIe-
eH'IaTbIH KYJIeK. HHaqe .TIe)Kalll.He pH,l],OM Belll.H
HaMOKHYT.
CBOpaqHBaHHe JIarepH .l{OmKHO 6bITb 3aKOH-
qeHO ,n:o 3aBTpaKa.
flepe.l{ BbIXO.l{OM Ha MapwpYT e e pa3 OCMOT-
pHTe TeppHTopHIO JIarepH H YCTpaHHTe CJIe.l{bI
rrpe6bIBaHHH.
62
rHrHEHM'IECKOf. 06ECnf.YEHHE
JIH'IHaSi rHrHeHa TYPHCTOB. JIli'IHaH rIfrlieHa
TYPliCTOB - Ba)!meHWee cpeJJ.CTBO rrpoqJllJ1aKTli-
KH 3a6oJIeBaHliH, coxpaHeHHH 60.ll.pOCTH li XOpO-
wero HaCTpOeHIi5l.
B rroxoJJ.e He06xo.l{liMO TllJ.aTeJIbHO CJIe.l{HTb 3a
'IliCTOTOII HOr.
Ha rrpIlBa.1ax oCMaTpliBalne KO.rKY Hor, 06pa-
6aTblBaiiTe Tpe HHbl. lJ.apamlHb!, rrOTepTOCTH
H.O.l{OM liJIH 3eJIeHlWH, rrOBTopliB npoueJJ.YPY li Ha
C.'ie.l{YIO liH .lI.eHb. ECJIli rr03BOJ151IOT YCJ10BliH, Ha
60JIbWliX li MaJIbiX rrpliBaJIaX CHliMliTe 60THHKH
li wepCTHHbIe HOCKli Ii JJ.aHTe HoraM OTJJ.OXHYTb.
flepe.ll. rrOXO.ll.OM Horli CJIeJJ.yeT B Te'IeHlie He-
CKOJIbKliX .lI.Hell 06pa6aTbIBaTb )!{jj.l{KOCTHMH,
rrpe.l{Ha3Ha'IeHHbIMli .l{JIH npoqJllJIaKTIIKli nOTJIli-
BOCTli. K HliM OTHOCliTCH «cpOpMliJJ.pOII» (CMeCb
cpopMaJIliHa CO crrlipTOM liJIli O.l{eKO.'iOHOM). [{JIH
3TOI U I Me lJ.eml rrpmv!eH5!HTe rropOWOK, COCTOH liH
H3 3 'Janel! cam!lJ.!I.'iOBOH, 10 'IaCTeH 60pHOH
KliCJ10TbI li 8 l-1aCTel! TaJlbKa. Oc06eHHo T aTeJIb-
HO HYMHO o6pa6aTbIBaTb cTyrrHli li Me)KrraJIblJ.e-
Bhle npoMeMYTKli. flocJ1e .l{HeBHOro rrepexo.ll.a
RbIMoHTe Horli C MbIJIOM li Ha.l{eHbTe 'IliCTbIe
HOCKli.
PerYJIHpHO CTplirliTe HorTli Ha PYKax If Horax.
Bo li36eMaHlie rHOHHli'IKbBbIX 3a60.lIeBaHliH
TeJIO Ha Be'IepHeM rrpliBaJIe 06MbIBaHTe BO.l{OH
t MbIJIOM li Ha.ll.eBal1Te 'IliCTOe 6eJIbe.
Ha ,LLHeBHbIX 60JIblllliX rrpliBaJIaX CliCTeMaTH'Ie-
CKH cTlipaHTe 6eJIbe, 'IliCTliTe BepxHIOIO O.l{eM.lI.Y,
oCB060M.l{aH ee OT I1bIJIli. CJIe.ll.liTe 3a lJ.eJIOCTbIO
06YBli li CTeJIeK. HeJIb3H CYWHTb 06YBb Y KOCTpa,
T. K. KOMa TepHeT rli6KocTb, 3aTBepJJ.eBaeT li MO-
MeT HaTlipaTb Horli.
63
YXO.ll. 3a KOlKeH J1l1Ua, WeH H yweH npe.l{YCMaT-
pHBaeT 3alll.HTY ee OT COJlHeqHbIX OlKOrOB, MOpO-
3a, BeTpa. JIeToM BbI6upaihe rOJIOBHOH y60p C
nO.'l5IMH. OH 06eCneqHT 3alll.UTY KOlKH JIHI(a, WeH
H yweH OT COJIHua.
J1H1lO H ry6bI MOlKHO CMa3bIBaTb KpeMaMH TU-
na «HHBe5I», «WHT» H .lI.pyrHMU. MecTa nOTep-
TOCTell - naXOBble, aHa.'lbHble CKJIa)J,KlI XopOWO
CMa3aTb .l{eTCKliM KpeMOM.
B03MO}l{Hbie TpaBMbl B noxo)J,ax. nepBa!l nO-
MOllI.b, npe)J,ynpe}l{)J,eHHe. B newHX nOxo.l{ax qa-
e TpaBMaM ,nO.l{BepraIOTC5I HorH H, KaK npaBH-
JlO, np05IBJl5IIOTC5I B BH.lle nOTepTOCTeH, lIaMliHOB
KO}l{lI CTonbI H nOBpelK.l{eHHH CB5I30QHOrO anna-
paTa CYCTaBOB (rOJIeHOCTonHoro lIJ1H, pe}l{e, KO-
JIemwro) .
Bo BpeM5I nYTemeCTBlIH cJlYQaIOTC5l TpaBMbI
PYK - cc, a.llHHbI CpblBbl KO}!(H, Tpelll.HHbI, paCT5I-
}l{eHHe CB5I30K JIYQe3an5ICTHbIX CYCTaBOB. VIHor-
D.a nOTepTOCTlI 5IrO.l{HU H cnHHbl, paCT5I}I{elme
MblWU cnHHbl, YWH6bl. Ha BO.lle MO}l{HO YTOHYTb.
Hepe.ll.KH CJIYQaH O}l{OrOB nJ1aMeHeM Y KOCTpa 11
rOp5IQeH m1ll1.eH.
B BeJIOnOXo.l{ax B03MOlKHbl nOTepTOCTH BHYT-
peHHlIX nOBepXHOCTeii 6e.l{ep H JIa.l{OHeH PYK,
paCT5I}I{eHHe CB5I30QHOrO annapaTa H HH}!(HHX KO-
HeQHOCTeU, 3acopeHHe rJIa3 COpHI1KaMH, MeJ1KHMH
HaceKOMbIMU. Bo BpeM5I na.lleHH5I He HCKJlIOQeHbI
06WHpHble CCa.ll.HHbI, YUlH6bI, a HHOr.l{a, nepeJIO-
MbI (06bIQHO, K.'lIOQHU), COTp5ICeHlle M03ra H
ymU6J1eHHO-pBaHble paHbI.
KpaTKO 0 B03MO}l{HbIX TpaBMax B YCJIOBH5IX
TypUCTCKHX nYTeweCTBHH.
O}l{OrH. DpH o}l{orax nepBoii CTenet-tH Ha6JIIO-
.l{aeTC5I 3y.lI., nOKpaCHeHHe H npHnyxaHHe KO}l{H.
06pa30BaHHe BOJI.l{blpeH C cep03HOH lKH.llKOC-
64
TbIO - rrpH3HaK Olliora BTOpOH CTerreHlL flpn
Olliorax TpeTbeH CTerreHH rrpOHCXO.l{HT OMepTBJIe-
HHe (06yrJIHBaHHe) KOlliHbIX Y'laCTKOB H 60JIee
r JIy6oKOJIellialllHX TKaHeH C rrOCJIe)J.YIOll1.HM o6pa-
30BaHHeM .H3B.
flpH Olliorax rrepBOH H BTOpOH CTeneHH Ha
060llillieHHoe MeCTO HaKJIa)J.blBaIOT rrpHMO'lKH lfJIH
CMa3bIBaIOT ero KperrKHM paCTBopOM MapraHUO-
BOKHCJIOrO KaJIH.H. B .l{aJIbHeHWeM c.'1e,lJ,yeT Ha-
JIOllilfTb rrOB5J3KY C CHHTOM HUHHOBOH 3MY JIbCHeH
lfJIH neHHUI!J1JIHHOBOH M a3bIO.
nOTepTOCTH H M030JlH. 4T06bI H36elliaTb no-
TepTOCTeH H M030JIeH, He06x0,lJ,HMO B noxo;.J: Ha-
.lI.eBaTb pa3HorneHHYIO 06YBb, 6e3 HepOBHocTei'i If
CKJIa,lJ,OK BHYTpH. HOCKH ,lJ,OJIlliHbI 6bITb H3 M.Hr-
Koro MaTepHaJIa, 6e3 Y3JIOB,1arr.'1aT Ii rpy60H
WTonKH.
ECJIH M030JIb Yllie 06pa30BaJIaCb, TO ee JIY'lwe
He BCKpblBaTb, T. K. B rrOXO,lJ,HbIX YCJIOBH5JX TPY,lJ,-
Hee 06eCne'lHTb Heo6xo,lJ,HMbIe YCJIOBH.H, npe.QOT-
Bpa aIO He rrona.rr.aHHe HHcpeKUHH. ECJIlI llie
M030JIb BCKpbIBaeTC.H, TO nepe.l{ BCKpblTHeM BOJI.
.l{bIp5J He06xo.QHMO KOlliY H HOlliHHUbI o6pa6oTaTb
cnHpTOM, O.l{eKOJIOHOM HJIH HO,lJ,OM.
TpaBMbI.
YmH6bI_ flpH3BaKH: 60J1e3HeHHOCTb )J.BHllieHHH
YWH6JIeHHOH 'laCTH, OTeK (rrpHnYXJIOCTb) If BH-
.l{HMoe KpOBOH3J1H.HHHe - ClfHHK.
flpH YWH6e HYlliHO YMeHbWHTb KpOBOH3JIH -
Ime, rr03TOMY TpaBMHpOBaHHYIO 'laCTb TeJ1a HY2K-
HO rrO.QH.HTb BbIwe H nOJIOlliHTb Ha Hee CMO'leH-
Hoe B XOJ10.QHOH BO.ll.e rrOJIOTeHue.
PaCTSDKeHHe CBSl30K. 4allle Bcero nOBpelli,lJ,a-
eTC.H rOJIeHOCTOnHbIH CYCTaB (nO.ll.BOpa'lHBaeTC.H
CTona). flpH3HaKH paCTH2KeHH5J: pe3Ka.H 60JIb,
oc06eHHO B rrepBbIH MOMeHT, 6bICTpO 06pa3Y-
3 7269
65
IOllI.aHCH rrplmYXJIOCTb, KpOBOrrO.l{TeK, OrpaHIl'le-
Hlie II 60JIe3HeHHOCTb .l{BII:>KeHIlH B CYCTaBe.
f1epBaH rrOMO b: rrOJIHbIH rrOKOH, B03BbIweH-
HOe rrOJlO2KeHlle rrOCTpa.l{aBWeH KOHeIlHOCTIl, XO-
JIO.l{HbIe rrp IlMOIlKII IlJ11l JIe.l{.
BblBHXH. 4arue 6bIBaIOT BbIBIlXI1 CYCTaBOB rrJle-
'la, 6e.ll.pa, CTorrbI II KOJIeHHOrb cycTaBa. 31'.0 CJlY-
lIaeTCH rrpll rra.ll.eHllll, a TaK2Ke 113-3a pe3KIlx
.llBI12KeHIlH. 4YBcTByeTcH CI1JIbHaH 60J1b.
f1epBaH rrOMO b: HerrO.ll.BIl2KHOe 3aKperrJIeHIle
KOHeQHOCTIl B rrOJI02KeHIlIl BbIBlixa II 6bIcTpaH .l{0-
CTaBKa rroCT.pa.ll.aBWerO K BpallY, TaK KaK TOJIbKO
CrreUllaJIIlCT M02KeT rrpaBIlJIbHO BnpaBIlTb BbIBIiX.
nepeJlOMbl. DbIBaioT 3aKpbITbIe II OTKpblTbIe.
CIlMrrToMbI 3aKpbITbIX rrepeJIOMoB: pe3KaH 60JIb,
06UlIlpHbIH KpOBOrrO.l{TeK, rrpHrryxJ10cTb, HeB03-
M02KHOCTb .l{BIl2KeHIlH CJIOMaHHOH KOHeIlHOCTbIO,
.l{e<p0pMaUI1H KOCTIl, rrO,lJ.lIac He06bIlIHaH <popMa
Ha MeCTe rrepeJ10Ma.
f1epBaH rrOMO b: HaJI02KIlTb WIlHY, oTrrpaBIlTb
B 60JlbHIlUY.
f10MO b nOCTpa.l{aBweMY rrpl1 nepeJIOMe 3a-
KJIlOlIaeTCH B TOM, 'IT06bI YMeHbWIlTb 60JIb, C rro-
MOlll.blO WIlHbl BocnpeIIHTCTBOBaTb .l{aJ1bHeHweMY
CMe eHIlIO OCKOJ1KOB KOCTeH. f1pll OTCYTCTBIiIi
CrreUllaJIbHbIX WIiH M02KHO IlCnOJIb30BaTb rrO.llPYII-
HbIe MaTepl1aJIbI (.n.OCKIl, JIe.l{OPy6bI, JIbI2KIl, BeT-
KIl). f1 P II 3TOM Ha Te.lIO rro.l{ WIiHY He06xo.llIlMO
rrO.l{JI02KIlTb .l{OCTaTOIlHoe KOJlI1QeCTBO BaTbI, Map-
JII1 11J111 6eJIbH, IIT06bI Me2K.llY WIiHOH II TeJIOM He
6bIJlO nYCTOTbi. f1pll OTKpbITOM nepeJIOMe rrepe.ll
HaJ102KeHlleM 1IlllHbI KpaH paHbI He06xo.ll.IlMO 06-
pa60TaTb HO.llOM H CJlerKa 3a611HToBaTb. ECJIIi 113
paHbI TOp'laT 06JIOMKIl .l{epeBa, TO BbIHHMaTb IlX
He CJle.llyeT, T. K. M02KeT OTKpbITbCH CIlJIbHOe KpO-
BOTe'leHl1e. He IlCKJllO'IeHa B03M02KHOCTh, 1J:TO Ta-
66
KOll 06JIOMOK BOH3l1JICH B KPyrrHbIll KpOBeHOCHbIll
COCY,D.. ll1HHbI rrJIOTHO rrpH6I1HTOBbIBaIOT. flpH
3TOM 6HHTYIOT OT rraJIbueB, HHaqe MO)J{eT rrpo-
H30llTH OTeK. [{J1I1Ha lUHHbI ,D.OJI)J{Ha 6bITb TaKOll,
qT06bI OHa 3aXBaTHJIa He MeHee .l{BYX CYCTaBOB-
O.l{HH HH)J{e MeCTa rrepeJIOMa, .lI.Pyrofi BbIIlle Hero.
06MOpOKH (BpeMeHHaH rrOTepH C03HaHIIH). JIH-
UO CTaHOBHTCH 6J1e.l{HbIM, Ha JI6y BbIcTyrraeT rrOT,
rrYJIbC CJIa6bIH, .l{bIXaHlIe rrOBepXHOCTHoe.
flepBaH rrOMO b: paCCTefHYTb BOpOT py6alUKH,
OCJIa6HTb rrOHCHOH peMeHb, C.lI.eJIaTb B03MO)J{HbIM
.l{OcTyrr CBe}KerO B03.l{yxa: "3aTeM rrO.'lO)J{IITb rro-
CTpa.l{aBlUerO TaK, qT06bI Horll 6bIJIlI BbIlUe ro-
JIOBbI, .l{aTb eMY rrOHIOxaTb HaIllaTbIpHbIH crrHpT
(Ha BaTKe). flpH OTCYTCTBIIH .l{bIXaHHH - c e-
JIaTb HCKYCCTBeHHoe, .lI.aTH cep.l{eqHOe Cpe,D.CTBO,
KoepeHH.
flpll YKycax rrqe.n CJ1e.l{yeT BbIHYTb )J{aJIO H3
paHKH, CMOqHTb paHKY HaIllaTbIpHbIM crrHpTOM.
MO)J{HO C,D.eJIaTb KOMrrpecc C TpexrrpoueHTHol[
60pHoil KIICJ10TOll.
HY)J{HO rrOMHHTb, '1TO Cpe.l{H .lI.IIKHX 3BepeH pac-
rrpoCTpaHeHo 6eIlleHcTBo, II rr03TOMY rrpH JIl06bIX
YKycax ,D.HKHX 3Bepell H c06aK He06xo.ll.HMO rro-
TeprreBIllllx KaK MO)J{HO cKopee oTrrpaBIITb B
60.'lbHHUY. .
flpH YKyce 3Mell nocrreIllHTe BbI.l{aBIITb 113 paH-
KH H.lI. HJIII rrOCTaBHTb Ha rropa)J{eHHoe MeCTO KpO-
BOOTCOCHYIO 6aHKY, ycrroKoHTb 60JIbHOrO, rrOJIO-
)J{IITb ero, qT06bI OH He ,D.BHraJICH, H OTnpaBHTb
B 60JIbHHUY.
flpH)J{HraTb MeCTO YKyca, BBO.ll.HTb TY.l{a Map-
raHueBbIii paCTBOp, a TeM 6oJ1ee BbIpe3aTb MeCTO
YKyca, HaKJIa,abIBaTb )J{rYT 3anpell{aeTCSl.
Bo H36e)J{aHHe onaCHOCTII YKyca 3MeH B rroxo-
.l{ax HeJ1b3H XO,D.lITb 60ClIKOM (.l{a)J{e Ha ,D.HeBKax).
3*
67
CJIe.ll.yeT rrpOHBJIHTb 60JIblllYIO OCTOpmKHOCTb Ha
Tponax, He o yrrbIBaTb pYKaMH TpaBY, He JIa3HTb
pYKaMH B HOpbl, He pa3pbIBaTb HX, He TporaTb
IIOJI3Y YIO HJIH OT.l{bIXaIO YIO 3MeIO. 3arrOMHHTe:
3MeH rrepBbIMH He Hamr,aaIOT!
B Tex nOXO.l{ax, r.ll.e MaplllpYT rrpOXO.l{HT rro BbI-
cOKOH TpaBe, CJi:B03b KycTapHHKH; JIyqllle Bcero
XO.l{HTb B lllTOpMOBbIX 6pIOKax.
OKa3bIBaH rrOMOllI.b rrOCTpa.ll.aBllleMY, ero rrpH-
X0.ll.HTCH crrycKaTb BHH3, TpaHcrropTHpoBaTb H .l{0-
CTaBJIHTb K Bpaqy. CnaCaTeJIbHbIe pa60Tbi Tpe6y-
lOT YMeHHH nOJIb30BaTbCH nO.l{PyqHblMH cpe.l{-
CTBaMH. B qaCTHOCTH, YMeTb 3aBH3bIBaTb pa3Hble
Y3JIbI, rrpHMeHHeMbie B TypHCTCKHX rrOXO.l{ax.
KpaTKO 0 TeXHHKe BH3aHHH H rrpHMeHeHHH OCHOB-
HbiX Y3JIOB.
Y3JIbI, KOTopble HCrrOJIb3YIOTCH B TypHCTCKOH
rrpaKTlIKe, ,aeJIHTCH Ha TPH rpyrrrrbl: OAR CBR3bl-
BaHUR BepeBOK, OAR 06BR3KU H BcnOMoeaTeAb-
Hble.
):LJIH CBH3bIBaHHH ,aBYX
---. F BepeBOK O.ll.HHaKOBoH TO.'!-
llI.HHbI qa e Bero rrpH-
MeHHIOT npRMoii Y3eA
PUG. 15.1. TIpHMOH Y3eJl (pHC. 15.1). CJIe.ll.yeT
rrOMHHTb, qTO rrpH HaTH-
}KeHHH cBo6o.ll.Hble OT HarpY3KH KOHUbI BepeBoK
rrpHMoro Y3JIa Ha 2--3 CM BTHrHBaIOTCH B
Y3eJI.
KpoMe Toro, Y3eJI rrplI HaMOKaHHH C TPY.lI.OM
pa3BH3blBaeTcH. HOBHqKH .l{JIH 06JIerqeHHH pa3-
BH3bIBaHHH npHMoro Y3JIa BCTaBJIHlOT B Hero rra-
JIOqKY HJIH Kapa6HH. Ehoro He CJIe.ll.yeT .lI.eJlaTb.
Bo-rrepBbIX, 3TO YBeJIHqHT Y3eJI B 06'beMe Ha-
CTOJlbKO, qTO ero HeB03MO}KHO 6Y.ll.eT rrpH He06-
XO.l{HMOCTH npO.l{epHYTb qepe3 ,apyroii Kapa6HH.
68
BO-BTOPbIX, BCTaBJIeHHaR naJIOqKa I1.1IH Kapa6HH
OCJIa6JIHIOT HaTH2KeHl1e B HeM rrpH.n:eH.
TCfxHHKa QSl3aHHSI npSlMoro Y3JIa. He06xo.n:H-
MO B3HTb He60JIblliHe KOHIJ.bl (30 CM) BepeBOK,
CJI02KHTb CKpeCTHO O.l{HH
Ha .l{pyroH (CHaqaJIa Ha
JIeBbIH, 3aTeM JIeBbIH Ha
npaBbIH) H 3aBH3aTb.
Y 3eJI HanOMHHaeT .l{Be
neT JIH, y.l{ep2KHBaIOIlI.He
.n:pyr .l{pyra. [{JIH CTpa-
XOBKH Ha OCTaBllillXCR
KOHuax BepeBOK M02KHO
3aBH3aTb KOHTpOJIbHbIe
Y3JIbl.
DpH CBH3bIBaHHH Be-
peBOK O.ll.HHaKOBOH TOJI HHbI, Ha KOTopbIe He
npe.ll.YCMaTpHBaeTCH 60JIbIllOe YCHJIHe Ha paCTH-
2KeHHe, npHMeHHM TKatfKut1 Y3eJI (pHC. 15.2).
[{JIH CBH3bIBaHHH BepeBoK pa3HoH TOJI HHbI .l{e-
JIaIOT aKadeMU'ieCKUU Y3eJt (pHC. 15.3) H 6paM-
UlKOTOBblU (pHC. 15.4). OHH npHMeHHIOTcH .l{JIH
no.n:BH3bIBaHHH K OCHOBHOH BepeBKe BcnOMora-
TeJIbHOH .l{JIH ee npo.n:epmBaHHH. OHH Ha.ll.e2KHbI,
XOpOlliO .lI.ep2KaT H JIerKO pa3BH3blBaIOTCH. BH3aTb
HX HeCJI02KHO.
[{JIH BH3aHHH 6paMIllKoToBoro Y3JIa He06xo.l{H-
MO CHaqaJIa ClleJIaTb neTJIIO H3 TOJICTOH Be-
peBKH, 3aTeM TOHKOH BepeBKoH 06KPYTHTb neTJ1IO
OT ce6H BHH3. DeTJIH TOHKoro KOHIJ.a 60JIbIllHM
naJ1bueM JIeBOH PYKH OTTHHYTa BHH3, H HaKpyqH-
BaeMbIH KOHeu .n:Ba2K.lI.bI 06BHBaeT C.l{BOeHHYIO
neT JIIO TOJICTOH BepeBKH.
TeXHHKa BH3aHHH aKa.l{eMHQeCKOrO Y3JIa CXO.l{-
Ha C TeXHIIKon BH3aHHH npHMoro y3JIa, C Ton TOJIb-
KO pa3HHuen, qTO npH BbIBH3bIBaHHH aKa.n:eMH-
r
::0
,/
PI1C. 15.2. TKaqKHll Y3eJI
69
-- :;;' )-
-b
=.:::. -.:
Puc. 15.3. AKa eMHqeCKHH
Y3en
Puc. 15.4. BpaMlliKoToBblH
Y3eJl
qeCKOrO Y3JIa.l{e.lIaeTC5I TOHKOH BepeBKOH O,D.Ha
neTJIH BOKpyr TOJICTOH BepeBKH.
UJHpOKO npHMCHHM B TypH3Me «6YAUHb»
(pHC. 15.5). BR>KeTCH OH B KOHue BepeBKH H npH-
MeH5IeTC5I .l{JI5I rpY.l{HOH 06B5I3KH, ,D.JI5I 3aKpenJIC-
HH5I Ha BbIcTyne, .l{epeBe, KaMHC. B TeXHHKe B5I-
3aHH5I Y3eJI npocT.
TCXHHKa BH3aHHH. OXBaTHB ,D.epeBO (B cTyn)
BepeBKoH H C,D.eJIaB Ha ,D.JIHHHOH qaCTH BepeBKH
nCT JIIO, 3aJIO:>KHTb O,D.HY neT JIIO, 3aTeM CHH3Y B Hee
npO.l{eBalOT .l{pyryIO. flpO.ll.eB B nOCJIe,D.HIOIO neT-
JIIO KOpOTKHH KOHeu BepeBKH, nOTSIHYTb 3a OCHOB-
HYIO qaCT!, BepeBKH, ncpe6paCblBa5I npll nOM
70
1
4 5
" 2 .&. -,...----
Puc. 15.5. «BYJ!llHb»
nepBYIO (HH)KHIOIO) neT JIIO '1epe3 BTOpyIO. neT JIH
3aTHHYTCH, H Y3eJI rOTOB.
,ILJIH 60JIbIlIeii Ha,lJ,C}KHOCTH Y3JIa Ha CB060.l{HOM
KOHlI.e BepeBKH ,lJ,eJIaeTCH KOHTpO.'1bHbIH Y3eJI.
rpY HaH o6BH3Ka Ha KOHlI.e BepeBKH npoH3Bo-
HTCH . Ha BepxHeH llaCTH rPY H, Y nO.l{MbIIlIeK.
Onpe,lJ,CJIHTb ,lJ,JIHHY cBo60 Horo KOHlI.a BepeBKH
MO)KHO CJIe,lJ,YIO HM 06pa30M. HY)KHO, BCTaB B
OCHOBHYIO CToi'IKY H 3a6poCHB BepeBKY 3a CIIHHY
TaK, llT06bI H3-IIO.ll. JIeBOH PYKH Bblxo,lJ,HJIa OCHOB-
HaH BepeBKa, a H3-noJ! npaBOH - CB050.l{HbIH KO-
Hell., npH)KaTb BepeBKY COfHYTbIMH B JIOKTHX PY-
KaMH K TYJIOBHrn:y. BbmYCKaH H3 npaBOH KHCTH
CB060.ll.HbIH KOHell. BepeBKH BHH3 .lI.O KacaHHH 3eM-
JIM, onpe.l{eJIHIOT He06xo.l{HMYIO ,lJ,JIH nO.l{TH)KeK
71
.l{JIHHy BepeBKH. 3aTeM Ha'lHHalOT BH3aTb «oy-
JIHHb», .l{eJIaH neTJIH «OT ceOH» Ha OCHOBHOH Be-
peBKe. 4TOObI npaBaH pYKa 6b!J1a CBo60.ll.Ha .l{J1H
BH3aliHH Y3JIa, BepeBKY nepeopaCbIBalOT '1epe3
npe.ll.IIJIe%e Hapymy. TIpH OKOHqaTeJIbHOM 3aTH-
rHBaHHH y3JIa CJIe.ll.yeT yqeCTb, qTO OOBH3Ka COOT-
BeTcTByeT pa3Mepy, eCJ1H IIPH CHJIbHOM B.lI.OXe TY-
pHCTa OHa He C.lI.aBJIHBaeT rpY.lI.b.
TIoCJle 3aBH3bIBaHHH Y3Jla .l{eJlalOT IIO.ll.THmKH.
.rr.J1H 3Toro HymHo IIPOCYHYTb IIeTJ1IO H3 CBOOO.ll.-
Horo KOHl a BepeBKH IIO.ll. rpY.lI.HYIO OOBH3KY H
IIepeKHHyTb qepe3 rOJIOBY Ha IIpOTHBOIIOJ10mHoe
IIJIeqO, 3aTeM, IIO.lI.THHYB 3THM )Ke CBOOO.lI.HbIM
KOH OM BBepxy OOBH3KY Ha CIIHHe, IIepeopOCHTb
ero qepe3 .l{pyroe II.neqO BIIepe.l{ H 3aBH3aTb Ha
OOBH3Ke IIO .lI.pyryIO CT,OpOHY OT Y3Jla.
C
:
Puc. 15.6. Y3eJ! npoBo -
HHKa
72
:d:')
.
)
Puc. 15.7. rpY.l(HaH OOBH3-
Ka
«Y3eJl npOBOOHUKa» (pHC. 15.6) npe.ll.Ha3Ha-
'1eH .lI.J1H BH3aHHH rreTJIH Ha JIl060M OTpe3Ke Be-
peBKH.
Ero MO)KHO BH3aTb rreTJIeH, a TaK)Ke Ok
HHM KOHUOM (pHC. 15.7)-.lI.Jl51-HfHtB5I3I3fBaHHH K
CTpaXOBOI.J:HbIM nepHJIaM. CJIe.ll.yeT rrOMHHTb, liTO
OH paCCI.J:HTaH Ha Harpy3KH no HarrpaBJIeHHlO rreT-
JIH - BepeBK8. 11 n03TOMY ero HeJIb3H HCnOJIb-
30BaTb KaK npHMOH Y3eJI .l{J1H BbIKJIIOI.J:eHHH H3-nO.LI
HarpY3KH .lI.ecpeKTHoro KYCKa BepeBKH.
TeXHHKa BH3aHHH rrpOCTa. OTpe30K BepeBKH
CJIO)KHTb B.LIBOe H 3aBH3aTb 06bII.J:HbIH Y3eJI (KaK
KOHTpOJIbHHH) Ha .lI.BOHHOH
BepeBKe. f1pH 3TOM HY)KHO
CJIe.ll.HTb 3a npaBHJIbHOCTbIO
(napaJIJIeJIbHOCTbIO) pac-
nOJ10)KeHHH BepeBOK B Y3JIe.
«Y3eJI npOBO.ll.HHKa» HC-
rrOJlb3YIOT rrpH BH3aHHH 6e-
Ce.ll.KH. .ELmr 3Toro BepeBKY
CKJIa.ll.HBaIOT B.lI.BOe H Ha
KOHue ee 3aBH3bIBaIbT
«Y3eJI npOBO.llHHKa». 3aTeM
06BO.ll.HT B.LIBOe CJ10)KeHHYlO
BepeBKY BOKpyr Ta3a H Kpe-
nHT 3a 60KOBbIe neTJIH Be-
peBKH H npOTHHYTYIO MNK-
.rry Hor BTOPYlO BepeBKY: 06-
BH3KY.
Y3eJI «y.rraBKa» (pHC.
15.8) npHMeHHeTcH .lI.JIH Puc. 15.8. «Y aBKa»
npHBH3bIBaHHH K .lI.epeBY,
60JIbllIOMy KaMHlO, BblCTyrry. Y3eJI Ha.rre)KeH. BH-
)KeTCH rrpoCTO, JIerKO pa3BH3bIBaeTCH.
TeXHHKa BH3aHHH. CHaI.J:aJIa 3aBo.rrHT BepeBKY
BOKpyr MeCTa KpenJIeHHH (.l{epeBa, BblcTyna) H,
73
nO.ll.XBaTIIBOCHOBHYIO (BbIXO.n:5I YIO) BepeBKY,
B03Bpa aIOT KOHell. 06paTHO, 06BHBa5I no Xo.n:y
BepeBKy-neT JIIO, 06XBaTbIBalOIl.{YIO .l{epeBO, BbI-
cTyn.
YqHTbIBa5I, qTO Y3eJI .lI.epLKHTC5I 3a C'IeT TpeHII5I
H 3aLKaTH5I KOHlI.a BepeBKH, 06pa30BaHHOH neT-
JIeil, He06xo.ll.HMO .n:OCTa-
TOqHOe 06KpyqHBaHHe
neT JIH BepeBKH CB060.n-
HbIM KOHlI.OM. K TOMy )Ke,
nOCJle 3aB5I3bIBaHH5I y3JIa
CJIe.n:yeT pa3BepHYTb Mec-
TO BbIX0.ll.a neTJIH OTHO-
CHTe bHO K HanpaB.ne-
HHIO npe.ll.CT05I eH Ha-
rpY3KH TaKHM 06pa30M,
QT06bI BepeBKa B 3TOM
YQaCTKe «He pa6OTa.na
Ha cpe3». TOJIbKO nOCJIe
3Toro BepeBKY MOLKHO
HarpYLKaTb. )KeJIaTe.nb-
HO, QT06bI Y3eJI nOCTOHH-
HO HaXO.ll.HJIC5I no.ll. H8-
rpY3KOH. Cle.n:yeT nOM-
HHTb, QTO «y.l{aBKY» He
PUG. 15.9. CXBaTbiBalOIllllH peKoMeH.n:yeTC5I npHMe-
Y3eJ! H5ITb .lI.JI5I 3aKpenJleHH5I
BepeBKH Ha JIe.n:OBOM
cToJI6HKe. .ILeJIo B TOM, QTO Y3eJI paCCQHTaH Ha
pa60TY TpeHHH B nape c nOJIo*eHHeM BepeBKa-
CTOJ16HK, a K03<P<PHIJ:HeHT TpeHHH JIb.ll.a Qpe3Bbl-
QaHHO HH30K.
CXBaTblBalOU{uu Y3eJ/, (pHC. 15.9) IICnOJIb3YIOT
npH .n:BHLKeHHII no 3aKpenJIeHHOll BepeBKe, npH
opraHH3all.HH caMocTpaxoBKH, npH 3aKpenJIeHHH
BcnoMOraTeJIbHOll BepeBKII Ha OCHOBHOH. CJIe.ll.Y-
74
eT nOMHHTb, qTO HeHarpY}KeHHbIll: CXBaTbIBaIO_ Hll:
y3eJI JIerKO nepe BHraeTCR B OJIb OCHOBHOll: Be.
peBKH, rro HarpY3KOH OH 3aTHfHBaeTCR, «CXBa.
TbIBaeTCR». YqHTbIBa5!, '1TO Y3eJI nJIOXO .l{ep}KHT
Ha .>KeCTKOll: BepeBEe, ero HeJIb35I HCrrOJIb30BaTb
npH pa60Te C 06JIe.l{eHeJlOH BepeBK0I1.
BmKYT CXBaTblBalO Hii Y3eJI rreTJIell: H CB060.n-
HbIM KOHUOM. nOCJIe 3aBH3bIBaHHH Y3eJI pacnpaB-
JIRIOT. B pa60Te CJIe.rr.HT,
qT06bI 06a KOHl{a neTJIH,
BbIXO.ll.R He H3 Y3JIa, 6b1JIH
Harpy.>KeHbI paBHoMepHo.
npH HepaBHOMepHOll: Ha-
rpY3Ke KOHl{OB rreTJIH rroJIY-
'IHTCR nepeKoc, BepeBKa
MO.>KeT CnOJI3TH H onJIa-
BHTbCR.
I1cnOJIb3YR CXBaTbIBaIO-
Hll: Y3eJI .lI.JIR caMocTpa-
XOBKH BO BpeMR .l{BH)KeHHR
B.l{OJIb 3aKpenJIeHHOH OCHOB-
HOll: BepeBKH, HeJIb3R 3a6bI-
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Pue. 16. TpaHcIIopTll-
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75
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nocTpa aBlllero c nOMO-
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Puc. 18. TpaHcnopTHpoBKa
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76
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Y BeJIOTVpHCTOB 60JIee llIHpOKHe B03MO)KHOCTH B
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77
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78
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BaIOT qepe3 Ka)KlIble 500 KM. D..'IH 3Toro ee CHH-
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KOJ1, H qTO nOJIO)KeHHe 6aH.lI.a)KHOH JleHTbI (<PJIH-
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80
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ro nOHBJIHeTCH TH1KeJIbIH XO,lL nepe.l{HeH BTYJIKH.
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81
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82
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85
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86
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apKH, HX, eCJIH OHH HOBbIe, nepe cnYCKOM Ha
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XO HbIH HHBeHTapb KaLK OH 6aH apKH He06xo H.
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88
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qlIJIbHbIH 6PYCOK, napycHbIe IIrJIbI, HIITKa Kanpo-
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JIeHTbI, Kopo6Ka C rB03lI.51MII, BI1HTaMI1 11 wypyna-
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nolI. OCHOBHYIO Maccy Be eH OTBOlI.IITC5I nOJIy6aK
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89
Bepx BemeH, TaM me cpaJIIIHb II 6YKCHPHbIH KO-
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MHqeH, qT06bl 06eCneQHTb nJIaByqeCTb B aBapHH-
HOM nOJIO)KeHHH.
TaM me, Ha KHJIbCOH, CJIe)J.yeT CJIO)KHTb KOHcep-
Bbl B 6aHKax H HeXO.l{OBYIO 06YBb, a 6JIH)Ke K
KOHcmny, r.l{e npOCTpaHcTBo no.l{ .l{eK.OH mHpe H
BbIme, MO)KHO pa3MecTHTb eMKOCTH c npo.l{YKTaMH
H, r.ll.e OCTaHeTCH MeCTo,- 6H.l{OH C nHTbeM H Bet{-
po C nocY.l{oiL O.l{em.l{Y. 6eJIbe H .l{PyrHe JIerKHe
Be H YJIOmHTb no 60pTaM B «KaMepe xpaHe-
HHH»-B cneu.HaJIbHbIX U.HJIHH.l{pHqeCKOH cpOpMbI
HenpOMOKaeMbIX MeillKax. A H3 Ha;J.YBHbIX MaT-
pau.eB HJIH CnaJIbHbIX MeillKOB B HenpoMoKaeMbIx
qeXJIax MomHO YCTPOHTb CH.l{eHbH .l{JIH rpe6u.oB.
Ilo.l{ HorH He06xo.l{HMO nOJIO)KHTb TpHnKY, a CH-
.l{eHbe nepe.l{Hero rpe6u.a C3a.ll.H qeM-JIH60 npH-
KpblBaIOT, '1T06bI 3a.nHHH He 3aMOqHJI ero Hora-
MH. CnpHHu.OBKY JIyqme nOJIOmHTb C60KY, npH-
BH3aB ee .l{JIHHHOH 6e'leBKOH. OGKH, qaCbI, HOCO-
BOH nJIaTOK y)J.06Hee .l{epmaTb B HarpY.l{HbIX H
6aH.lI.apOqHbIX 60pTOBbIX KapMaHax.
Iloca.l{KY B 6aHllapKH CJIe.l{yeT npOH3BO)J.HTb
CJIe.l{YIOlliIJM 06pa30M: 3a.l{HHH rpe6eu. .l{ep)KHT
CY.l{HO 06eHMH PYKaMH 3a KOMHHrc Y MH,AeJIb-
illnaHrOYTa, nepe.l{HHH, BcTaB Y 60pTa JIHU.OM K
cpopmTeBHIO, HeMHoro Bnepe.l{H CBoero CH.l{eHbH,
CTaBHT 6JIH)KHIOIO' K 60PTY Hory Ha KHJIbCOH
(npe.l{BapHTeJIbHO OnOJIOcHYB ee), 3aTeM, corHYB
Kopnyc, onHpaeTcH PYKaMH 0 KOMHHrcbI, nepe-
91
HOClIT B =>TOM nOJIO}KeHlIlI Ha KlIJIbCOH .l{pyryIO
Hory 11 nJlaBHO C'a.ll.lITCH Ha 3apaHee npHrOTOBJIeH-
HOe ClI.lI.eHbe. 3a.l{HlIH rpe6eLI. nepe.l{aeT eMY Bec-
Jla, Ca.ll.lITCfI TaKlIM }Ke nOpH.lI.KOM 11 6epeT CBoe
BeCJIO.
BbIXO,n:lITb 113 6aH,n:apKlI CJle.ll.yeT TO}Ke JlllLI.OM
K <popllITeBHIO. TIpll 3TOM rpe6eLI. KJIa.l{eT BeCJlO
B.l{OJlb 60pTa lIJIlI nQnepeK, onllpaeTCH pYKaMH
o KOMnllHrCbI, B corHYTOM nOJIO}KeHHlI BblHOClIT
O.ll.HY Hory, nOTOM .lI.pyryIO.
HY}KHO nOMHlITb, qTO nOCa.ll.KY 11 Bblca.l{KY «C
BO.l{bl» H€JIb3H npOH3BO.l{lITb, eCJIlI rJIy611Ha 60JIb-
rue, qeM no KOJIeHO. B aBapllllHoM nOJIO}KeHHH
nepBblM .l{OJI}KeH nOKHHYTb 6all.rrapKY nepBblH.
rpe6eLI..
Ha CTOHHKax 6ai1,n:apKH He06xo.l{lIMO pa3rpy-
311Tb 11 BbIHeCTlI lIX Ha 6eper, nOJIO}KlITb Ha POB-
HOll nJIO a.rrKe .l{HlIIU8MlI BBepx, B O.l{HO MecTo,
BlI.l{HOe 113 naJIaTOK, HO nO.l{aJlbrue OT KOCTpa.
K. 6epery 6ai':t.l{apKlI HY.lKHO nO.l{BO.l{HTb 60pTOM
npOTlIB TeqeHlIH. ,
TYPHCTCKHA CnnAB HA nnOT AX
CnJIaB Ha nJIOTaX Tpe6yeT MlIHlIMaJIbHbIX 3a-
TpaT 11 MHHlIMaJIbHOrO Beca rpY3a, KOTOpbIll He-
06XO.ll.HMO Be3TlI C C060ll. OTcIO.l{a .l{OcTynHocTb
nYTeruecTBHll Ha nJIOTax.
HlI}Ke .l{aIOTCH CBe.ll.eHlIH 0 nocTpollKe nJIOTa 11
ynpaBJleHlIlI 11M. )J.yrJaeTCH, qTO 3THX CBe.l{eHlIll
6Y.l{eT .l{OCTaTOqHO Ha'lllH IO lIM nJIOTOrOHaM
.l{JIH nJlaBaHlIH no OTHOClITeJIbHO npOCTblM peKaM.
YCTpOHCTBO ""'IOTa. OCHOBOi':t .l{epeBHHHoro nJlO-
Ta CJIY}KlIT CTaB 113 6peBeH, 06eCneqllBaIO lIX He-
06XO.l{lIMYIO rpY30no,n:'beMHOCTb.
92
B Tex MeCTaX, r.11.e HeT Y.11.0BJIeTBOpllTeJIbHOrO
MaTepHaJIa .11.JIH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa .11.epeBHHHOrO nJIO-
Ta, MOLKHO HCnOJIb30BaTb nJIOTbl Ha.11.YBHble. OC-
HOBOM Ha.ll.YBHOrO nJIOTa CJIYLKHT paMa H3 LKep-
.11.eH, K KOTOpbIM KpenHTC5I .11.eTaJIH OCHaCTKll, a
CHH3Y npHBH3bIBaIOT aBTOM06HJIbHble aMepbl HJIH
CaMO.ll.eJIbHb!e Ha.11.YBHble MelllKH, 06eCneqHBaIO-
mlle nJIaByqeCTb (pHC. 20). TaKoll nJIOT HaqHHa-
IO aH rpynna MOLKeT co6paTb 3a .11.Ba-TpH .11.HH, a
.lI.epeBHHHbIM - 3a 4-5 .11.HeH. Ha.11.YBHoH nJIOT
.
1 5 J
2
I
Pue. 20. HaJlYBHoi1. nJ10T
llMeeT HeKoTopble npeHMymecTBa nepe.11. .l{epeBHH-
HblM. DpeLK.11.e Bcero, OH JIer'le. D03TOMY Ha HeM
npOll e oTrpe6aTbCH OT npenHTCTBHH, ero JIerqe
CHHMaTb C KaMHeH. Ha.11.YBHOH nJIOT o6JIa.11.aeT
60JIblllHM 3anaCOM nJIaBY'lecTH. [103TOMY OH He
93
BCT8eT H8 pe6po, KOCta ero npmKHM8eT TeqeHII-
eM K KaMHIO. H8.l1.Y13HOH nJlOT 6e30n8CHee .l{epe-
BHHHoro.
LlJlH CTpOIlTe.TIbCTB8 H8.l{YBHoro n,TJOT8 MO}KHO
IICnOJIb30BaTb KaMepb! OT 8BTOMo6H.'leH MA3-200,
MA3-205. P8MY nJIOT8 (pIlC. 20) 1I3rOTaBJlllBaIOT
113 }Kep.l{eH eJlIl .l{lIaMeTpOM 8-12 caHTIIMeTpoB-
B 3aBlICHMOCTlI OT pa3Mepa cY.l{Ha. BH3aTb Jlyq-
llIe 2-MIIJIJIIIMeTpOBoH 060}K}KeHHOll npOBOJlOKOH,
nepeBH3bIBaH Ka}K.l{oe nepeCeqeHlIe KpecT-Ha-
KpecT. PaMY MO}KHO B513aTb 11 KanpOHOBb!M llIHy-
pOM.
KpaHHlIe npOJ1.0JIhHbIe }KepJ1.1I - JIOH}KepO-
Hb! - YKJIaJ1.bIBaIOT KOMJIeM Bnepe.ll., cpe.ll.HlIe -
KOMJIeM Ha3a.l{. CHH3Y JlOHLKepOHb! CKpen.'lHIOT
nOnepeqHIIKaMlI, pacnOJlO}KeHHbIMH Me}KJ1.Y KaMe-
paMII. )Kep.l{H HaCTIIJIa 3a.l{BlIraIOT C Hoca 11 KOp-
MbI Me}K.l{y BepXHIIMII 11 HII}KHHMII nOnepeqHH-
KaMII.
IlJIoToBoe CHapH}KeHlIe COCTaBHT: Tonop BeCOM
1,2-1,5 Kr, nllJIa, .l{OJIOTO, 6ypaB, nOpTHH}KHble
caHTIIMeTpb!, KapaH.l{alli .l{JIH pa3MeTKlI (JIyqllle
CIIHIIH C KpacHhIM), pYKaBlIlI.b! 6pe3eHToBbIe,
rB03J1.H 150-200 MM - 15-30 llITYK, BepeBKH.
BepeBKII .l{OJl}KHbI 6blTb: 1) llIBapToBaH (OCHOB-
Ha51 HJIH xJIonqaTo6YMa}KHaH, lO-MII"lJIIIMeTpOBaH,
.l{ IIHOll 20-40 M J1.JlH KpenJleHIIH .l{eT8JleH no.l{-
rpe6111I., 6ara}KHIIKa, 3anaCHoro rpe6a, pIOK3a-
KOB); 2) KlInepHa5I JIeHTa HJIII paBHhlH en no
npOqHOCTII llIHYP (50-100 M); 3) cBo60.l{HbIH
penlllHYP .l{JIIIHOn 30-40 M .l{JlH opraH1I3all.1I11 ne-
penpaBb! C 3acTpHBllIero nJIOTa, CH51TIIH ero c
KaMHen 11 J1.JIH .l{pyrllx aBapllHHbIX cIITyall.HH;
4) BepeBKa 5-7 MIIJlJlIlMeTpOBaH JIH npIlBH3b!-
BaHIIH KaMep Ha.l{YBHoro nJlOTa - no 10 M H8
KaMepy.
94
JI.JIH Ha.l{YBHOrO nJIOTa, KpOMe BbIllleYKa3aHHO-
ro, HYLKHbI KaMepbI, aBTOM06l1JIbHbIH HaCOC, Ha-
60p .l{J1H peMOHTa KaMep, npOBOJIOKa ,QJIH BH3KH
paMbI, naccaTHLKIi 1-2 Ha rpynny.
KaLK.D.bIH Y'laCTHIiK 06H3aH HMeTb cnaCaTeJ1b-
HbIH LKHJ1eT, HOLK, HerrpoMoKaeMbIH BKJIa.l{bIlil B
plOK3aK, J1H'lHbIH 3arrac Cnll'leK B HerrpoMoKaeMoH
ynaKoBKe.
Pe}KHM AHR TYPHCTOB H ,QBH}KeHHe CYAOB. 06-
lll.HH pacrrOpH.D.OK XO.l{OBoro .l{HH YCTaHaBJ1I1BaerCH
B 3aBliCHMOCTli 01' BpeMeHH rO.l{a, reorpa<pH'le-
CKOH lllllpOTbI 11 KJIHMaTH'leCKIiX oc06eHHocTeH
paHoHa nYTellleCTBIHI.
JleTOM B cpe.l{HeH rrOJIoce nO.l{'beM JIY'llile .l{e-
J1aTb C BOCXO.l{OM COJIHua, a B IOLKHblX - eru;e 3a-
TeMHO. JI.eLKypHbIe B J11060M cJIY'lae nO.l{bIMaIOTCH
Ha '1aC-nOJ1TOpa paHblile. BbIXO.l{ CY.l{OB 'lepe3
nOJ1TOpa 'laca rrOCJ1e nO.l{'beMa. Dpll .l{BIiLKemm
cYlll.eCTByeT .l{Ba nopH.l{Ka - KHJ1bBaTepHoH KO-
J10HHOH 11 cTpoeM neJIeHra IIJIIi YCTyna. B 060llx
CJIY'IaHX PYJ1eBOH K8LK.l{OrO cY.l{Ha .l{OJILKeH CTa-
paTbCH He BbIXO.l{HTb H3 3pHTeJIbHOH H rOJIOCOBOH
CBH3H c 6.'lHLKaHlllHMH CY.l{aMH crrepe.D.1I H C3a.ll.lI.
PYKOBO.D.HTeJ1b BbI6HpaeT MeCTO, OTKY.l{a eMY
Y.D.06HeH BH.D.eTb 60J1blllYIO' qaCTb rpynnbI, 11 Ha-
3Ha'laeT BeJIYlll.ero 11 3aMbIKalO ero. 3anpeI1laeT-
CH 06rOHHTb Be.D.ylll.ero H OTCTaBaTb 01' 3aMbIKa-
IO ero.
C .D.HeBHOI{ CTOHHKH ueJ1eC006pa3HO CHIiMaTbCH,
Kor.D.a crra.l{eT LKapa, 06bIQHO B 15-16 QaCOB. Ha
HO'lJIer He06xo.D.IIMO CTaHOBIITbCH 3a 40 MIIHYT JIO
3aXO.l{a COJIHua, 'lT06bI 3aCBeTJ10 pa36HTb JIarepb,
npHroToBHTb YLKHH H 3aBTpaK Ha CJ1e.l{YIO IIH
.l{eHb.
ABapHH H HX JlHKBHAau.HR. B cJ1Y'lae JII060H
aBapHIi C rrepBoro ee MOMeHTa BCH rpynna Haxo-
95
.D:HTCH B nOJIO}Kem1H o6 ero aBpa.l1a. r.l1aBHYIO
TH}KeCTb pa60TbI 6epeT Ha Ce6H .3KHna}K nOTep-
neBllIerO cY.D:Ha. JhfKBfI.D:aLlHei1 aBapmI KOMaH.D:Y-
eT PYKOBO.D:flTeJIb.
B 0 3 M O}K H bI e C.TI Y q a H: nepeBopOT CY.D: Ha
Ha CBo60.D:HOH BOJIHe. B .3TOH cHTyauflH TYPflCTbI,
H.l{YIl1.He Bnepe,lJ,H nOTepneBllIero cY.D:Ha, JlOBHT
ynJlbIBllIHe Be H, a nOTeprreBllIHe .D:eHCTBYIOT no
06CTaHOBKe. ECJIH MeCTO MeJlKOe, TO OHH .D:OJl}K-
HbI HeMe.l{JIeHHO nOC1'aBHTb JIO.D:KY Ha 1{H.l1b, BbI-
HeCTfI Ha 6eper Be H, H3BJIeqb H3 BO.D:bI YTOHYB-
llIee flMy ecTBo, opraHH30BaTb CYllIKY. ECJIH aBa-
pm:r CJlyqHJIaCb Ha rJly6f1He, TO rpyrrrra .lI.OJI}KHa
OTOrHaTh CY.l{HO BpyqHYIO HJlfl Ha 6YKCHpe K MeJl-
KOBO.ll.bIO.
nepeBopOT CY.D:Ha Ha nopore. KOMaH.lI.a rrepe-
BepHYBllIerOCH CY.l{Ha XBaTaeTCH 3a KpaH JIO.D:KH
fI nJIbIBeT K 6epery no.D: ee npHKpbITHeM.
KOMaH.l{HpbI CY.l{OB, HaXO.l{H HeCH Brrepe.D:H,
BbIJlaBJlHBaIOT yrrJIbIBllIfle C rrepeBep HYBllIeHOI
JIO.l{KfI Be H.
np060HHa. B CJIyqae rrpo60HHbI Heo6xo.D:flMO
3aTKHYTb ee nO.l{pyqHbIM MaTepflaJIOM H nO.D:BeCTH
JlO.ll.KY K 6epery.
CY.D:HO ceJlO Ha KaMeHb HJlH CBalO. I1pH coxpa-
HeHHH OCTOHqHBOCTH CY.ll.HO HY}KHO rrOCTapaTbCH
CTOJIKHYTb Ha3a.D: flJlH B60K. ECJIH }Ke JlO.D:Ka BXO-
.l{HT B rJIy60KHH KpeH, Heo6xo.ll.HMO rrpblraTb 3a
60PT, npOTHBOnOJlO}KHblt'i KpeHY, qTo6bI CY.D:HO
BCnJIbIJIO.
C rr a C a H fI e T 0 H Y e r o. ECJIH crracaIOT
TOHy ero C JlO.l{KfI, TO HY}KHO nO.D:OHTH K HeMY
HOCOM flJIH KOpMOH JIO.ll.KH. I10CJIe .3TOrO O.ll.HH 'Ie-
JIOBeK, JIe}Ka Ha HOCY HJlH KopMe, 3aLlerrHBlllflCh
HoraMH 3a 6aHKY, rrOMoraeT eMY rrO.ll.HHTbCH B
JIO.l{KY. BbITacKHBaTb TOHYIl1.ero C 60pTa He CJIe-
96
.n.yeT, TaK KaK C03.l{aeTCH yrpo3a nepeBOpatIHBa-
HHH ,,'IO.l{KH. ECJIH JKe TOHY Hi'I YllieJI nO.l{ BO.l{Y,
CnaCaIOUJ.HH HbIp5IeT 3a HHM, 06BH3aBlliHCb no
nOHCY KOHlI.OM CHaCTH, a KOMaH.l{a BbITaCKHBaeT
060HX.
C 6aH.l{apKH Heo6xo.l{HMO nO.l{aTb CnaCaTeJIb-
HbIH Kpyr, BeCJIO, KOHell. .l{JIH 6YKCHPOBKH H BbI'
BeCTH 6aH.n.apKY Ha Me,,'IKOe MeCTO.
OpraHH3all.HH 6e30naCHOCTH, B BO.l{HOM TypHCT-
CKOM noxo.l{e rpynna 065I3aHa C06JIIO.l{aTb C,,'Ie.l{Y-
IO He OCHOBHbIe npaBHJIa 06eCne'leHHH 6e30nac-
HOCTH.
1. .D:oKYMeHTbI H .n.eHbrH B HenpoMoKaeMoM
MelliKe nOCTOHHHO .l{epJKaTb npH ce6e B 3aCTerH-
BaIO eMCH KapMaHe HJIH no.n.BellieHHOM Ha rpy.n.H.
2. <l>oTOn,,'IeHKY, 3anac CnH'IeK, CYXOH cnHpT
xpaHHTb B nJIaCTMaCCOBbIX (MeTaJIJIH'IeCKHx) eM-.
KOCTHX C HaBHHqHBaIO HMHCH KpbIlliKaMH HJIH B
Kopo6Kax C nJIOTHOH KPbIIllKOH, o6MoTaHHbIx no
COe.l{HHeHHIO ee C KopnYCOM IllHpOKOH H30JIeHTOH,
HJIH B TYro 3aBH3aHHbIX nOJIH3THJIeHOBbIX MelliOtI-
Kax.
3. B MelliKax H3 nO,,'IH3THJIeHa .n.ep>KaTb naJIaT.
KY, cmi.JfbHbIe npHHa.l{JIe:>KHOCTH, 3anaCHYIO O.l{e:H<-
.l{Y, 6eJIbe, npO.l{YKTbI, 6oH HecH B,,'IarH.
4. 3anacHbIe BeCJIa, BO.l{OCnJIaBHbIe cpe.l{cTI a,
pIOK3aKH C JIH'IHbIMH Be aMH, 3an1f<;J,lYIO 06YBb,
Be.n.po C nocY.l{OH KpenHTb 3a llinaHroYTbI HJIH
.l{PyrHM nO.l{XO.l{H HM cnoc06oM.
5. CnaCaTeJIbHbIe Kpym .n.OJI:>KHbI 6bITb Ha.l{YTbI
H YJIO:>KeHbI: B JIOJl,Ke-Ha nOJIy6aKe nOBepx 6a-
raJKa, B 6aH.l{apKe-Ha HOCOBOH na,,'Iy6e HJIH 3a
cnHHaMH rpe611.0B, cnaCaTeJIbHble :>KHJIeTbI Ha.l{e-
TbI H npHBe.l{eHbI B pa6o'lee COCTOHHHe.
6. B nOXO.l{e CY.l{HO .l{OJI:>KHO HaXO.l{HTbCH B 3pH-
TeJIbHOH H rOJIOCOBOH CBH3H C H.l{Y HMH Bnepe.l{H
4 7269
97
H C3a.l{H. KpHK H8 Bo.n:e a JIl06bIX Ot)CTOHTeJIbCTBaX
I:!MeeT T6J'ibKO 0,/1,80 Ha3Ha'leHHe: «TpeWlIO -aBa-
pHIO!» Bo Bcex .n:PYfHX C.TIY'IaHX no rpy6eHillee
HapYilleH1te .l{HClJ,Hn.m1Hl?I.
I(PATI(HH CJ10BAPMK CnEIJ.MAJ1bHblX TEPMMHOB
- BepeBKa, C nOMOllI.bIO KOTO-
pOH npHBH3bIBaeTCH illJIIOnKa
K <qr.l{HY HJIH npHCTaHH
3aJl;HHH KOHeu CY.l{Ha, npOTH-
BOnOJIO}KHbIH HOCOBOH 'laCTH
cy.n:Ha
--cH eHbe, «CKaMeHKa» ,/I,JIH
rpe6lJ,OB Ha MeJIKHX 6ecna-
.riy6HbIX cY.l{ax
4. K H H r C T 0 H - K.1anaH B nO,/l,BO.ItHOH '1aCTH
cy,/l,Ha, CJIY}Ka HH .ItJIH .l{OCTY-
na 3a6opTHoH BO}lbl
HOCOBOH OTceK HacY.l{aX, pac-
nOJIO:>KeHHblH HenOCpe.l{CTBeH-
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TbI HJIH .l{epeBHHHble ,/I,OCKH
BblCOTOH .ItO 60 CM Ha.l{ naJIY-
60H, Orpa:>K.l{aIO He oTBep-
CTHH B HeH (JlIOKH H .l{p.)
7. M H.l{ e JI b- - KpHBaH Ha '1epTe:>Ke, nOJIY'IeH-
ill n a H r 0 Y T HaH npl:! Ce'leHHH cy.n:Ha B
caMOM illHpOI(01\f MeCTe
MaCCHBHaH qaCTb cY.l{Ha, HB-
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KHJIH H o6pa3YIOIlI.aH HOCOBYIO
OKOHeqHOCTb CY,/I,Ha
1. <l>aJII:!Hb
2. K 0 P M a
3. B a H K a
5. <I> 0 p n H K
8. <I> 0 P ill T e-
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98
OPHEHTMPOBAHME HA MAPWPYT AX
6ea KOMnaca 1'1 KapTbJ:. .LJ:a:>Ke B caMbIX npocTblX
nYTerneC!BHHX HX Y'IaCTHHKH CTOJIKHYTCJI C He06-
XO,nHMOCTblO cBepHTb HanpaBJIeHli€ .l{Blf:>KeHHH,
on03HaTb MeCTHOCTb, onpe)J.eJIHTb MeCTO HaXO:>K-
.l{eHHH OTHOCHTe bHO CTOpOH ropH30HTa H OKPY-
>KaIO HX npe)J.MeToB.
OpHeHTHpoBaTbcH B noxo.l{ax MO:>KHO no KOMna-
cy, KapTe, He6ecHbIM (::BeTHJIaM, MeCTHbIM npH-
3HaKaM. Ho He Y Ka:>K.lI.OrO Ha'lHHaIO ero TYPHC-
Ta MO:>KeT 6bITb KOMnac. ..LJ:a Ha nepBbIX nopax
B HeM H He 6y,neT TaKOH Heo6xo.l{HMOCTH. Bo Bpe-
Mf! nporYJIOK H nYTerneC BHH no 3HaKOMblM Mec.
TaM HeT He06xo,nHMOCTH H B TonorpacpH'IeCK.lfX
KapTax. KaK pa3 BO BpeMf! TaKHX nporYJIOK H no-
XO.l{OB eCTb B03MO:>KHOCTb HaY'IaTbCH opHeHTHpo-
BaTbCH no He6eCHbIM CBeTH.'IaM, (COJIHU.Y, JIYHe,
3Be3.l{aM), no paCTeHHHM,. 06IITaTeJIf!M JIeca.
.LJ:a)f(e B3pOCJIOMY HHTepeCHO onpe.l{e.'IHTb CTOpO-
HbI ropII30HTa nO CBOHM HapY'IHbIM lIacaM H COJIH-
u.y HJIH JIYHe. 11 eCJIH BbI, nOCTHrHYB 3TH HeXHT-
pbIe npeMY.l{pOCTH, BBe,neTe CBOHX .lI.eTeH B 3TOT
3ara,nO'lHbIH H HHTepeCHbIH MHP', TO CQHTaHTe, '1TO
BbI nOCeHJIH B .l{eTCKHX .l{yrnax 3epHO .'II0603Ha-
TeJIbHOCTH, )f(eJIaHHf! n03HaTb l\1Hp. 113 noxo,na B
noxo,n BBO.ll.HTe .l{eTeH B nOT MHp. OHH 6Y.lI.YT
YBepeHH '1YBCTBOBaTb ce6f! Ha npHpo.l{e. YBe.
peHHocTb B COlIeTaHIIH CO 3HaHHeM npHpO,lI,bI, npa-
BHJIaMH oxpaHbI ee, 3JIeMeHTaMH 3a6oTbI 0 HeM
nOMorYT .l{eTf!M npoHHKHYTbCf! IlYBCTBOM OTBeT-
CTBeHHOCTH 3a Hee, 3a CElOM KpaH. IlycTb pacTYT
X03f!eBaMH cBoeM 3eMmi, cBoeH PO.ll.HHbI.
I1TaK, KaK opHeHTHpoBaTbcH Ha MecTHocTH?
B necy. CTOpOHbI ropHlcHTa JIerKO onpe.l{eJIHTb
B JIecy II oc06eHHo B JIHCTBeHHOM. IloMHHTe, lITO
4*
99
Kopa .l{epeBbeB C IO:>KHOH CTOpOHbI CBeTJIee, '1eM
C CeBepHOH. 3TO OC06eHHO 3aMeTHO Y 6epe3bI. Ce-
BepHaH '1aCTb ee CTBOJIa He TOJIbKO TeMHee, HO H
60JIee rnepoxoBaTaH. Kopa XBOHHbIX .l{epeBbeB
(COCHbI, eJIH, nHxTbI) C IO:>KHOH CTOpOHbI cYllle,
TBep:>Ke H CBeTJIee. Ha HeM MO:>KHOYBH.l{eTb HaTe-
KH H KanJIH CMOJIbI. KpOMe TOro, OHa C ceBepHOH
CTOpOHbI TOJIiJ,J.e. 3TO 06'bHCHHeTCH :reM, '1TO C ce-
BepHOH CTOpOHbI BTOpH'IHaH KopKa 06pa3yeTcH
paHbtIIe, 'IeM C IO:>KHOH. IlocJIe .l{O:>K.l{H CTBOJI coceH
'1epHeeT C ceBepa, nOToMY 'ITO BTOpH'IHaH Kopa
Ha6yxaeT 6bIcTpee H Me.l{JIeHHO BbICbIxaeT.
CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa B JIecy'MO:>KHO onpe.l{eJIHTb
no KBapTaJ1bHbIM cToJI6aM (pHC, 21). KOTopbIe
CTaBHTCH Ha nepeKpecTKax
npoceK. IJ.mppbI Ha TaKHX
cToJI6ax pacnOJIaraIOTCH
KaK H 0603Ha'IeHHH MeCT-
HOCTH, KBapTaJIbI C MeHb-
lllHMH HOMepaMH-Ha ceBe-
pO-3ana.l{e H ceBepo-BocTO-
Ke, C 60JIblllHMH-Ha IOro-
3ana.l{e H IOrO-BOCTOKe.
Pe6po Me:>K.l{y .lI.BYMH co-
Ce.l{HHMH rpaHHMH C HaH-
MeHblllHMH UH«ppaMH YKa-
:>KeT HanpaBJIeHHe ceBep-
lOr. Ho HMeHTe B BH.l{Y, 'ITO
B He60JIblllHX .'!ecax YKpa-
HHbI no X03HHcTBeHHbIM co-
Puc. 21. KBapTaJIbHbIH
CTOJI6 B JIecy 06pa:>KeHHHM npoceKHMo-
rYT 6bITb npopy6.'!eHbI H B
.l{pyrHx HanpaBJIeHHHx. B 3TOM cJIY'lae Ha HHX
opHeHTHPYIOTCH TOJIbKO nOCJIe npe.l{BapHTeJIbHO-
ra onpe.lI.eJIeHHH HanpaBJIeHHH npoceK no OTHO-
llleHHIO K CTopOHaM ropH30HTa.
I
I
100
c
to
KpOHbI O.ll.HHOKO CTOH HX .l{epeBbeB B Cpe.ll.HHX
IIIHpOTaX YMepeHHOrO KJIHMaTa pOCKOIIIHee C I01K-
HOn CTOpOHbI. Ha lOre YKpaHHbI, B panOHax c
1KapKHM KJIHMaTOM, KpOHa .l{epeBbeB ry e H POC-
KOIIIHee C ceBepHon CTOpOHbI.
B JIHTepaType M01KHO BCTpeTHTb peKOMeH.lI.aQHH
K onpe.ll.eJIeHHIO CTOpOH ropH30HTa no ro.l{H'lHblM
. KOJIbQaM nHen. YKa3aHHH Ha TO, '1TO ro.ll.H'IHble
KOJIbQa npHpOCTa .l{peBeCHHbI Ha nHe cpe3aHHoro
.l{epeBa C IOra IIIHpe, '1eM C ceBepa, He BCer.ll.a no.iJ.-
TBep1K.l{aeTCH. B r JIYXOM JIecy .lI.epeBbH CBoen Te-
HbIO 3aKpblBaIOT COCe.ll.HHe, !iaXO.ll.H HeCH Ha ceBep
DT HHX. n03TOMY 60JIee .lI.:TIHHHble H rycTble BeTKH
B Cepe.l{HHe JIeca MorYT 6b1Tb HanpaBJIeHbl He
TOJIbKO Ha lOr, HO H Ha c Bep, BOCTOK, 3ana.ll., T. e.
Ty.na, r.l{e 60JIblIIe CB060.l{HOrO MeCTa. B CBH3H C.
3THM H e1Kero.ll.HbIn npHpOCT O'lepe.ll.Horo CJIM
.lI.peBeCHHbI 06pa3yercH C Ton CTOpOHbI, C KOTopon
.l{epeBO JIY'llIIe pa3BHBaeTcH. A 3Ha'lHT, He 0651-
3aTeJIbHO C I01KHOn CTOpOHbI. A eCJIH e e ytleCTb,
'1TO Ha pa3BHTHe KpOHbI .lI.epeBbeB, a TaK1Ke IIIH-
PHHY npHpocTa .lI.peBeCHHbI BJIHHeT nOCTOHHHO
HanpaBJIeHHe BeTpoB, BJIara, TO BblBO.ll. HceH. Ho
OH He KaTerOpHtleH .lI.JIH Bcex paHOHOB CTpaHbl;
I1CKJIIO'IeHHeM M01KeT 6b1Tb CeBep, r.l{e TenJIa H
CB Ta OT COJIHQa 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO MeHblIIe, '1eM BJIa-
rH, H r.l{e .l{epeBbH pa3BHBaIOTCH JIY'llIIe B CTOPOHY
IOra. B Cpe.ll.HHX IIIHpOTax YMepeHHoro KJIHMaTa,
B tlaCTHOCTH Ha TeppHTopHH YKpaHHbI, TOJIbKO no
.lI.epeBbHM, CTOH HM Ha OTKpblTOM MeCTe, M01KHO
onpe.l{eJIHTb HanpaBJIeHHe ceBep - lOr.
Ha TYPHCTCKHX MaplIIpYTax KpblMa BCTpe'la-
eTCH pe.ll.KOe .l{epeBO-KOMnac. 3TO aJIennCKaH COC-
Ha. CBoe Ha3BaHHe OHa nOJIY'IHJIa OT CHpHHCKOro
ropO.ll.a XaJIe6 (AJIenno), Ha OKpaHHax KOToporo
OHa oc06eHHO pacnpOCTpaHeHa.
101
BblCOTa 3TOH COCHbI 1-15 MeTpoB. OHa O'leHb
.'!I06HT COJIH e. n03TOMY ee xapaKTepHOH 'lepTOH
H HBJIHeTCH HeCKonbKo HCKpHBJIeHHblH H HaKJIO-
HeHHblH B CTOPOHY COJIH-
a CTBOJI. BBH Y CBoeH
HenpHXOTJIHBOCTH K rtO'l-
Be H BJIare, aJIennCKaH
COCHa HCnOJIb3yeTcH B
paHOHax K.pblMa H 3a-
KaBKa3bH .l{JIH 3aJleCHe-
HHH CYXHX H OTKpblTblX
MeCT. A Y'IHTblBaH TO,
'iTO OHa HaKJIOHHeTCH K
COJIH Y, eIO 06Ca1KHBaIOT
.l{OpOrH .c ce epHoH CTO-
pOHbI B.l{OJIb n06epe1KbH,
'1eM C03 aIOT KpaCO'lHble
neH3a1KH.
J1.JIH opHeHTHpoBaHHH
B JIecy M01KHO npH6eraTb
K rpH6aM, Hro aM. TaK,
60JIblIIe rpH60B paCTeT
C ceBepHoH cropOHbI
neHbKOB, '1eM C BOCTO'l-
HOH H 3ana HoH. A Hro-
bI Ha OTKpblTblX nOJIH-
Hax Ha'lHHaIOT KpacHeTb npH C03peBaHHH C I01K-'
HOH CTOpOHbI_
nOMHHTe, '1TO B necy BO BpeMH C03peBaHHH
Hro bI paHblIIe npH06peTaIOT OKpaCKY C I01KHOH
CTOpOHbI, Ha 60nOTax C03peBaIOT 6b1CTpee C I01K-
HOH CTOpOHbI KO'leK.
BaM nOMoryT opHeHTHpOBaTbCH B J1ecy H HX
06HTaTeJIH. 3HaHTe, '11'0 6eJIKa YCTpaHBaeT CBoe
)KHJIH e TOJIbKO B .l{ynJIax, pacnOJIOJKeHHblX C
npoTHBOnOJI01KHOH CTOpOHbl rOCnO.l{CTBYIO HX
J
"9'/"' ""
c
c
,'\Ii//,/
-=0::-
;''1'''''
....,\d/
-= O
/'111'\'
Puc. 22. OnpeneJleHHe CTO-
pOH ropH30HTa c nOMoIltblO
qaCOB B nepBYIO (1 ), BO
B'ropylO n0J10BHHY HH (2)
102
BeTpOB. A MypaBeHHHKH pacnOJIaraIOTCH C I01K-
HOH CTOpoHb!J aKOrO-JIH60 .nepeBa HJIH nHH. npH-
TOM I01KHaH CTOpOHa HX 01'JIOraH, BepHaH-
KpY'le.
He 3a6b1BaHTe 0 TOM, '1TO BeCHOIO CHer 6b1CTpee
TaeT Ha CKJIOHaX oBparoB, JIO HH, BbleMOK, 06-
pa eHHblx K lOry. TpaBa BeCHOIO BblIIIe H ry e
C I01KHOn CTOpOHbI OT.l{eJIbHblX KaMHeH, nocTpoeK,
onYIIIeK JIeca, a JIeTOM npH .nJIliTeJIbHOH 1Kape
OCTaeTCH 60JIee 3eJIeHOH C ceBepHoH CTOpOHbI
3THX npe.nMeToB.
B CTenH. YKpaHHa 60raTa CTenHMH. H .na1Ke B
CTenH, r.l{e Bce Ha BH.l{y, MQ}KHO JIerKO 3a6JIY)J.HTb-
CH. Onpe.neJIliTb CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa B CTenli no-
MorY.T HOpKH CYCJIHKOB. Bxo.l{ B CBoe 1KliJIH e
CYCJIHKH H .npyrlie rpbl3yHbI .neJIaIOT C I01KHOH
CTOpOHbI.
B COJIHe'lHblH .neHb CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa JIerKO
onpe.l{eJIHTb no COJIHl1.y.llJISI 3Toro CJIe.nyeT nOM-
HHTb, '1TO B HaIIIHX IIIlipoTax COJIHl1.e Haxo.nHTCH
Ha BOCTOKe C 7 .no 8 '1aCOB, Ha I()re - B 13 '1aCOB,
Ha 3ana.ne - C 18 .l{0 19 '1aCOB. .D.JIH onpe.neJI H!lH
CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa B .npyroe BpeMH .nHW.M01K80
BOCnOJIb30BaTbCH CJIe.l{YIO HMn cnoc06aMH.
1. no COJIHl.\y H qaCaM. .D. 3TOrO nOJI01KHTe
'1aCbI Ha JIa.nOHb TaK, '1T06b1 '1aCoBaH CTpeJIKa .6b1-
JIa HanpaBJIeHa Ha COJIHl1.e _ Tor.l{a 6liCCeKTpHca
yrJIa, 06pa30BaHHoro '1aCOBOH CTpeJiKOH H I1.li4>.-
pon «1» YKa1KeT HanpaBJIeHHe Ha lOr (pHC. 22.1).
TOJIbKO HMeHTe B BH.ny, '1TO npH pa60Te B nepBYIO
nOJIOBHHy )J.HH yrOJI .l{eJIHTCH Ha JIeBOH cTOpoHe
I1.H4>ep6JIaTa, BO BTopYIO-Ha npaBoH (pHC, 22.2).
Y HeyroMoHHo J1I0603HaTeJIbHOH .neTBopbl MO-
1KeT B03HliKHYTb Bonpoc, a nO'leMY HMeHHO 6HC-
ceKTplica YKa3b1BCieT R8.l!QaeJ1eHHe Ha lOr? HO'le-
My yrOJI ffil;!I..o )I.eJll1Tb nonOJIllM,-la He m(3-4 '1ac-
103
TH? TaK BOT, COJIHue CBOH CYTO'lHbIH nYTb BOKpyr
3eMJIH npOXO,nH'I' 3a 24 '1aca, a '1aCOBaH CTpeJIKa
06XO,nHT BeCb UHI}>ep6JIaT 3a 12 '1acoB. H eCJIH B
nOJI,neHb HanpaBHTb Ha COJIHue '1aCoBYIO CTpeJIKY,
KOTopaH nOKa3bIBaeT Ha I1.Hl}>ep6JIaTe 13 '1aCOB,
TO ee KOHeI1. YKa>KeT lOr. .LLBHraHcb ,naJIbllIe, OHa
Bce BpeMH 6y,neT onepe>KaTb ero B ,nBa pa3a. BOT
n03ToMY npH opHeHTHpoBaHHH no '1aCaM H COJIH-
I1.y He06xo,nHMO ,neJIHTb yroJI nOnOJIaM.
nOMHHTe, '1'1'0 3THM cnoc060M JIY'lllIe nOJIb30-
BaTbCH 3HMOIO. COJIHue B 3'1'0 BpeMH CTOHT HH3KO
Ha,n ropH30HTOM. A JIeTOM, oc06eHHO B HIOHe,
0llIH6Ka MO>KeT ,nOCTHraTb 10°.
npH nOJIb30BaHHH 3THM cnoc060M JIeTOM KJIa-
,nHTe '1aCbI no,n yrJIOM 40-50° K ropH30HTY (,nJIH
IlIHpOTbI 40-50°), ,nep>Ka HX 60JIbllIHM H YKa3a-
TeJIbHbIM naJIbuaMH B03JIe uHl}>p UHI}>ep6JIaTa «4»
H «10» UHI}>POH «1» OT ce6H (pHC. 22.3). HaH,nH
Ha UHI}>ep6JIaTe cepe,nHHy .l{yrH Me>K,ny '1aCOBOH
CTpeJIKOH H I1.Hl}>pOH «1», nOJIO>KHTe nepneH,nHKY-
JIHpHO K UHI}>ep6JIaTy cnH'IKY HJIH COJIOMHHKY. He
MeHHH nOJIO>KeHHH '1aCOB, nOBepHHTecb BMeCTe C
'1aCaMH K COJIHUY TaK, '1T06bI TeHb 0'1' CnH'IKH HJIH
COJIOMHHKH npoxo,nHJIa '1epe3 ueHTp UHl}>ep6JIaTa.
Ka.K pa3 B 3TOT MOMeHT UHl}>pa «1» H 6Y.l{eT Ha-
XO.l{HTbCH B HanpaBJIeHHH Ha lOr.
no JlYHe. He MeHee TO.YHO MO>KHO onpe,neJIHTb
CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa no YHe. nOMfIHTe, 'ITO no.'!-
HaH JIYHa B 19 '1aCOB 1!!lXO.l{HTCH Ha BOCTOKe, B
1 'lacy - Ha lOre, B 7 '1aCOB - Ha 3ana.l{e. A KaK
6bITb BO BpeMH nepBoH HJIH nOCJIe.l{HeH qeTBep-
TeH? TaK BOT, BO BpeMH nepBOH '1eTBepTH JIyHa
HaXO.l{HTCH Ha lOre B 19 '1aCOB, Ha 3ana,ne - B
I-M 'lacy, BO BpeMH nOCJIe.l{HeH '1eTBepTH B
I-M 'lacy Haxo,nHTCH Ha BOCTOKe H B 7 '1aCOB-
Ha lOre.
104
4TOObl He nYTaTb nepBYro H nOCJIe.l{HIOIO '1eT-
Bepnl, CJIe.!(yeT nOMHHTL, lITO pora JIYHbI nepBOM
lIeTBepTH HanpaBJIeJfbI B JIeBYro CTOPOHY, noc-
JIe.!(Hen - B npaBYIO
(pHC. 23).
B Te HOlIH, KOr.l{a .!Jy-
HbI Ha He6e He BH.!(HO,
MO:>KHO CTOpOHbI ropH-
30HTa onpe.l{eJIHTb no
3Be3.!(aM.
DOJIHpHaH 3Be3.!(a
Bcer.!(a YKa3bIBaeT ceBep.
ECJIH BW CTaHeTe K HeM
JIH!.lOM, TO C3aJl,H Y Bac
6Y.!(eT lor, cnpaBa - BOC-
TOK, CJIeBa - 3ana.n:.
C nOMOILlblO paCTeHHit KpoMe JIYHbI H COJIH!.la,
.l{JIH OpHeHTllpOBaHHH B CTenH MO:>KHO npH6eraTb
K paCTeHHHM.
HanpHMep, B
IO:>KHbIX CTenHX
llIHpOKO pacnpo-
CTpaHeHO TaKoe
paCTeHfle, KaK
.1aTYK (.n:HKHH:
CaJIaT). 3TO
.!(BYXJleTHHM Cop-
HHK C Kop3HHKa-
MH :>KeJITbIX !.lBe-
TOB H BepTHKaJIb-
HO pacnOJIO:>KeH-
HbIMH JIHCTbHMH
pvc. 24), KOTO- Puc. 24. OnpeJIeJ1eHUe CTOpOH ropu-
pble BO BJIa:>KHbIX 30HTa no .'1aTYKY
H 3aTeHeHHbIX
MeCTax paCnOJIO:>KeHbI Ha cTe6,Jle paBHOMepHO
IO}C
5 7269
lOr
lOr
PUC. 23. OnpeAeJJemre CTO-
pOH ropu30HTa no nYHe u
qaCaM
105
BO BCe CTOpOHbI, a Ha CYXOH H OTKpbITOH MeCT-
HOCTH 06pa eHbI nJIOCKOCTHMH Ha 3ana.l{.
. B caMoe 1KapKOe BpeMH .l{HH JIaTYK nOBOpa\1H-
BaeT CBOH JIHCTbH pe6pOM K lOry. 3THM caMbIM OH
OCJIa6JIHeT HcnapeHHe MarH. npHMeHHTe KOM-
nac H BbI y6e.ll.HTeCb, TO JIHCTbH JIaTYKa cpaBHH-
TeJIbHO TO\1HO YKa3bIBaIOT CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa.
Onpe.l{eJIHTb CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa .l{a1Ke B nac-
MYPHYIO noro.l{y nOM01KeT LtBeTY HH nO.l{COJ1He\1-
HHK, Kop3HHKa KOToporo paHHHM YTPOM K BOCXO-
.l{y COJIHLta 06pa eHa Ha BOCTOK, B nOJI.lI.eHb -
CTporo Ha lOr, Be'lepOM - Ha 3ana.ll.. HO'lbIO ro-
JIOBKa paCTeHHH 3aHHMaeT BepTHKaJIbHOe nOJIO-
1KeHHe.
B CTenHOM H JIeCOCTenHOH 30He opHeHTHpOBaTb-
CH nOM01KeT CBeKJIa. DOMHH, \1TO 6eJIbIe KopHe-
nJIO.ll.bI CBeKJIbI paCTYT C BOCTOKa Ha 3ana.l{, a
KpaCHbIe - C ceBepa Ha lOr, npH OTCYTCTBHH .l{PY-
rHX opHeHTHpOB M01KHO BOCnOJIb30BaTbCH 3THM,
OCTOp01KHO nO.l{KOnaB CBeKJIY.
B HaCeJIeHHblX nYHKTax. OpHeHTHpYHCb B Hace-
JIeHHbIX nYHKTax, nOMHHTe, '1TO Ha ceBepHbIX
CKJIOHaX .lI.epeBHHHbIX H COJIOMeHHbIX KPbIlli pac-
TeT 3eJIeHbIH MOX, JIHlIIaMHHK. .lJ.OCKH Q>POHTOHOB
C ceBepHOH CTopOHbr .l{OMOB TeMHee H Hepe.l{KO .l{a-
1Ke nOKpbITbr 3eJIeHOBaTbIM JIHlIIaMHHKOM.
AJITapH npaBOCJIaBHbIX LtepKBeH H \1aCOBeH no-
BepHYTbI Ha BOCTOK. KpeCTbI Ha KynOJIaX CTOHT
B HanpaBJIeHHH ceBep-IOf. DpHnO.l{HHTbIH KOHeLt
HH1KHeM nepeKJIa.ll.HHbI 06pa eH K ceBepy.
HanpaBJIeHHe ceBep - lOr JIerKO onpe.l{eJIHTb C
nOMO bIO HrOJIKH H MarHHTa. .lJ.JIH 3TOM LteJIH
M01KHO HCnOJIb30BaTb 06bIKHOBeHHYIO HrJIY. ECJIH
eIO HeCKOJIbKO pa3 npOBeCTH no MarHHTy, OHa TOT-
'lac 1Ke 6Y.l{eT HaMarHH'IeHa. C.l{eJIaB Y3eJIOK Ha
KOHLte HHTKH, BOTKHHTe B Hero HaMarHHfleHHYIO
106
HrJIY. B rOpH30HTaJIbHOM, CB060,nHO nO,nBeUIeH-
HOM COCTOHHHH OHa 3aHMeT nOJIO}l{eHHe B.l{OJIb
MarHHTHoro MepH.lI.HaHa: O,nHH KOHeu HrJIbI 6y,neT
HanpaBJIeH Ha ceBep, .l{pyroH - Ha lOr. ECJIH B
3TOM nOJIO}l{eHHH 3aMeTHTb, KaKHM KOHI1.0M HrJIa
HanpaBJIeHa Ha ceBep H 3aKpacHTb em, TO caMO-
,neJIbHbIH KOMnac rOTOB H HM MO}l{HO nOJIb30BaTb-
CH, KaK 06bI'IHbIM KOMnaCOM.
MO}l{eT B03HHKHYTb He06xo,nHMOCTb opHeHTH-
pOBaHHH BO BpeMeHH. JIerlle Bcem opHeHTHpo-
BaTbCH no I1.BeTaM H nTHll.aM. nOMHHTe, '1TO 3516-
JIHK np06Y}l{,naeTCH OKOJIO '1aca - 'lac a 30 MHHyT
HO'lH, MaJIHHOBKa--OKOJIO 2--3 '1aCOB HOIlH;ne-
peneJI - OKOJIO 3 llaCOB YTpa, .l{p03.l{ - OKOJIO
4 '1aCOB YTpa, Bop06eH - OKOJIO 5-6 '1aCOB
YTpa.
no KOMnacy H KapTe. Tonorpa!f>H'IeCKaH KapTa
H nJIaH npe.l{CTaBJIHIOT C060H H306pa)f{eHHe no-
BepxHocTH 3eMJIH Ha 6YMare. B '1eM }l{e pa3HHI1.a
Me}l{.l{y HHMH? nJIaHOM C'IHTaIOT TaKoe H306pa-
}l{eHHe MeCTHOCTH, Ha KOTOpOM coxpaHHeTcH nOJI-
Hoe reOMeTpHlleCKoe nO.l{06He Bcex MeCTHbIX npe.l{-
MeTOB. B OTJIH'IHe OT nJIaHa, KapTa co,nep}l{HT HC-
Ka}l{eHHH B nOJIO}l{eHHH 06'beKTOB MeCTHOCTH. OT-
JIH'IHe nJIaHa OT KapTbI e e B MaClIITa6e. YCJIOB-
HO K Tonorpa!f>HllecKHM KapTaM OTHOCHT KapTbI
MaClIITa60B 1 :200000 H KpynHee.
YCJloBHbIeTonOrpa HqeCKHe3HaKH
11306pa}l{eHHH Ha KapTY HaHOCHTCH C nOMO bIO
yCJIOBHbIX Tonorpa!f>HllecKHx 3HaKOB. Pa3JIHIlaIOT
TPH BH,na 3HaKOB (pHC. 25).
1. MacwTa6HbIe. I1MH H306pa}l{aIOT MeCTHbIe
npe,nMeTbI (HaCeJIeHHbIe nYHKTbI, Y'lacTKH JIeca,
nalIIHH, 03epa, 60JIOTa, KpynHbIe peKH), KOTopbIe
no CBOHM pa3MepaM MoryT 6bITb BbIpa}l{eHbI B
MaclIITa6e KapTbI. BHelIIHHe rpaHHI1.bI TaKHX MeCT-
5*
107
HblX npeJ).MeTOB nOKa3b1BaIOT Ha KapTe CnJIOlIIHbI-
MH JIHHHHMH (03epa, peKH) "JIH TO'lKaMH (KOH-
TYPbl JIeCa, JIyra, 60JIOTa) B TO'lHOM COOTBeTCTBHH
C .neHCTBHTeJIbHblMH OtJ:epTaHHHMH Ha MeCTHOCTH.
nJIO a.nb BHYTPH KOH-
Typa Ha KapTe nOKpblBa-
eTCH KpaCKOH COOTBeT-
CTBYIO ero IJ.BeTa HJIH
3anOJIHHeTCH YCJIOBHblMH
to 3HaKaMH,
I 2. BHeMacwTafiHble.
I1MH H306pa>KaIOTCH
MeCTHble npe.nMeTbI, KO-
Topble He MorYT 6b1Tb
12 Bblpa>KeHbI B MaclIITa6e
KapTbI, HO HMeIOT Ba>K-
Hoe 3Ha'leHHe: KOJIO.l{IJ.bl
B nYCTblHe, 3HMOBKa B
TaHre H .np. 3TH MeCT-
Hble npe.nMeTbI H306pa-
>KaIOTCH Ha KapTe YBe-
JIH'IeHHblMH.
3. JlHHeHHble.
4. nOJlCHHTeJIbHble. K
3THM YCJIOBHblM 3HaKaM
OTHOCHTCH IJ.H4>pbl, c06-
CTBeHHble HaHMeHOBaHHH
06'beKTOB H llO.nllHCH, .na-
IO He .nonOJIHHTeJIbHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKY MeCT-
HblM npe.l{MeTaM.
HanpHMep, eCJIH B KOHType JIeca HMeeTCH H30-
6pa>KeHHe 'JIIICTBeHHoro .nepeBa, TO 3TO nOKa3b1-
BaeT, '1TO JIec JIHCTBeHHblH. nopo.na, BblCOTa, .nHa-
MeTp H rYCTOTa .nepeBbeB YKa3b1BaeTCH 3anHCbIO
25
«6ep. -0,28 5»: 6epe3a, BblCOTa 25 M, .l{HaMeTp
't
IItJ
f4
Puc. .25. MaCIll'fa6Hble
108
007 'J [IJ '9
@)K 1
[Q2 [fJe 14 ru20
3 [[]9 l l '5 [j] 21
[1]4 I 'o I rn j '6 [&] 22
[2]5 [;[J 11 '7 2J
[[]6 12 [ ] '8 24
B, 8 f5 [;J'B
[ZJ 4If%J 9 c:;Jm ,g
......j 2
[SJJ [;] E;J 17 [//'j 20
--.:::- 10
'.
3 (S;Jn
17ft:9 "
LSJs f2
6 fJ PUC. 25a.
BHeMacIllTa6Hble
rs:J7 f4 Puc. 256.
JIHHeHHble
109
0,28 M, paccToHHHe Me)l{,ny ,nepeBbHMH 5 M. BYK-
BeHHo-UH4>poBble 0603Ha'leHHH H no,nnHCH npH-
MeHHIOTCH ,n H KOJIH'IeCTBeHHoH H Ka'leCTBeHHoH
xapaKTepHcTHKH MeCTHblX npe.l{MeToB. OHH 060-
ra aIOT KapTY H ,naIOT B03MO)l{HOCTb c,neJIaTb no
HeH 60JIee 06'beKTHBHYIO OUeHKY MeCTHOCTH. 3TO
O'leHb Ba)KHO npH pa3pa60TKe
MaplIIpyra nyTelIIecTBHH, r.l{e
3a'lacTYIO Ha,no 3HaTb, HanpH-
Mep, lIIHPHHY H r JIy6HHY peKH,
CKOpOCTb Te'leHHH, xapaKTep
rpYHTa, rJIy6HHY 6pO,nOB.
BYKBeHHo-uH4>poBble 060.
3Ha eHHH H nO.l{nHCH Y'IHTeJIb
CMO)KeT HCnOJIb30BaTb ,nJIH
npoBe,neHHH MaCCOBblX TYPH-
CTcKo-KpaeBe,n'leCKHX Mepo-
npHHTHH (o HMnHa,n, BeqepoB
H T. ,n.). TaK, B nporpaMMY
KOHKypCOB Ha Be'lepe IOHblX
TyP'HCTOB HJIH OJIHMnHaJI.e
BK iO'IaIOT TaKHe BonpocbI, KaK
onpe,neJIeHHe no KapTe, KaKaH peKa nOJIHOBO.l{-
Hee, Ha KaKoH MO)KHO nocTpoHTb 60JIee MO -
HYIO rH.l{pO MeKTpocTaHUHIO, CKOJIbKO Ky60MeT-
pOB JIeca nO Y'IaT cTpOHTeJIH aBTOM06HJIbHOH HJIH
)KeJIe3HO.l{0p0)KHOH MarHCTpaJIH, KOTopaH 6Y.l{eT
npOJIO)KeHa '1epe3 KaKoH-To Y'IaCTOK JIeca, H T..l{.
Tonorpa4>bI npH COCTaBJIeHHH KapT npOBepHIOT
3TH ,naHHble H HaHOCHT HX Ha KapTY.
H .l{OMa B qaCbI .l{ocyra B Hrpe C ,neTbMH HC-
nO b3YHTe CBOH 3HaHHH no Tonorpa4>HH, '1T06b1
nYTeM Hrpbl ,naTb ,neTHM .l{OnOJIHHTeJIbHble 3HaHHH
no reorpa4>HH. 3a,naHTe npH cooTBeTcTBYIO HX
06CTOHTeJIbCTBaX HM Bonpoc: KaK onpe.l{eJIHTb,
KaKaH H3 .lI.BYX peK nOJIHOBo,nHee, Ha KaKoH MO)K-
Puc. 258.
Tonorpa4IHqeCKHe
3HaKH
llO
2
3
HO nOCTpOHTb OOJIee MO HYIO rH.l{pO.3JIeKTpOCTaH-
UHIO. BMecTe C HHMH H3yqaiiTe KapTOqKY
(pHC. 26, 27). OKa-
3bIBaeTCH, qTO npe:>K.l{e
Bcero Ha.l{O 3HaTb CKO-
pOCTb TeqeHHH peKH.
OHa BbIpa:>KaeTCH qHC-
.iIOM MeTpoa B O.l{HY
ceKYH.l{Y H nO.l{nHCbI-
Puc. 26-27. K8KSS! peKa non-
BaeTCH Ha KapTe B HOBo Hee?
pa3pbIBe CTpeJIKH,
YKa3bIBalO eH HanpaBJIeHHe TeqeHHH. .lJ.JIH onpe-
,neJIeHHH paCXO.l{a BO.l{bI Hy:>KHO 3HaTb e e none-
peqHYIO BO.l{HYIO nJIO a.l{b (nJIO a.L1b :>KHBOrO ceo
qeHHH peKH). 4TOObI onpe.l{eJIHTb .3TY BeJIHqHHY,
HeOOXO.l{HMO 3HaTb r JIYOHHY Ii llIHPHHY peKH.
A .3TH .n.aHHbIe 3anHcaHbI Ha KapTe B BH.l{e .l{pOOH.
B qHCJIHTeJIe YKa3bIBalOT llIHPHHY peKH, B 3HaMe-
HaTeJIe - r JIYOHHY B MeTpax. )l(HBoe CeqeHHe
peKH HMeeT <POp My TpaneUHH, nJIO a.l{b KOTOpOH
paBHa npOH3Be.l{eHHIO nOJIYCYMMbI OCHOBaHHH Ha
BbICOTy. .lJ.JIH peKH Ha pHC. 26 TpaneuHH oY.l{eT
HMen OCHOBaHHH 40 H 20 M H BbICOTY 1,5 M. Ee
40+20
nJIO a.l{b COCTaBHT 45 M 2 ( 2 - X 1,5), .l{JIH pe-
KH Ha pHC. 27 pa3MepbI TpaneuHH 0Y.l{YT paBHbI
COOTBeTCTBeHHO 60, 30 H 1,0 M. nJIO a.l{b ee TO-
:>Ke 0Y.l{eT 45 M 2 « 60 30) X 1,0). Ho TaKoe KOJIH-
qeCTBO BO.l{bI npOHOCHJIOCb ObI B Ka:>K.L10H peKe
e:>KeCYTOqHO, eCJIH ObI CKOpOCTb TeqeHHH COCTaB-
JIHJIa 1 MIceK. PeKa :>Ke Ha pHC. 26 HMeeT CKO-
pOCTb TeqeHHH 2 MiceK, a peKa Ha pHC. 27-Bce-
ro 0,5 MiceK. B .3TOM CJIyqae paCXO.L1 BO.l{bI 3a
1 ceK B peKe Ha pHC. 26 COCTaBHT 90 M 2 (45X2),
[lJ 0 o
/1.5 T.O
r& /.r;)5.J
/,
111
B peKe Ha pHC. 28 - 22,5 M 2 , T. e. B 4 pa3a MeHb-
lIIe. BOT H OTBeT Ha Bonpoc.
OTBeT Ha Bonpoc, CKOJIbKO Ky60MeTpOB JIeca
nOJIyqaT CTpOHTeJIlf, npopy6HB npoceKY. .l{JIH .no-
pom .l{JIHHOH, HanpHMep. 15 KM H lIIHpHHOH 50 M,
.l{aCT TaK:>Ke Tonorpaq.mIJecKaH KapTa, cO.l{ep:>Ka-
aH nOHCHHTeJIbHbIe 3HaKH. HanpHMep, Ha Tono-
rpa<I.mIJecKoH KapTe B Cepe,ll,HHe JIeCHOrO MaCCHBa
25
CTOHT 3HaK «6ep. 0 28 5». CHaqaJIa He06xoAHMO
onpe.l{eJIHTb 06'beM O.l{HOrO .l{epeBa, pacTym;ero Ha
YKa3aHHoM YIJaCTKe JIeca. .IJ.JIH .3TOrO HCnOJIb3YlOT
H3BecTHYIO 1p0PMYJIY 06'beMa KOHyca!
1 I
V=-3.-:rtR2.h=:f X3,14XO,14 2 X25::::::0,5 M
CY.l{H no .l{aHHbIM KapTbI, .l{epeBbH pacnOJIara-
IOTCH Ha paccToHHHH 5 M .l{pyr OT .l{pyra. 3HaqHT,
Ha paccToHHHH 10 M 6Y.l{eT HaXO.l{HTbCH 20 .l{e-
peBbeB. a Ha nJIO a.n:H 100X 100 M, T. e. Ha 1 ra-
400 .l{epeBbeB. 3HaH nJIO a.l{b npoceKH. a OHa
paBHa 6,5 ra (0,5 X 15 M), MO:>KHO .l{aTb OTBeT Ha
nOCTaBJIeHHbIH Bonpoc, T. e. npH npOKJIa.l{bIBaHHH
.l{OpOrH BbIpy6JIeHO 13000 M 3 JIeca (V=O,5X
X400X6,5) .
.IJ.JIH YCKopeHHH 3aYQHBaHHH YCJIOBHbIX Tono-
rpa<I.mQecKHx 3HaKOB MO:>KHO HCnOJIb30BaTb ca-
MO.l{eJIbHOe Tonorpa<I.mIJecKoe JIOTO. .IJ.JIH .3TOrO
He06xo.l{HMO BbIpe3aTb H3 KapToHa KapTOIJKH
pa3MepoM 8X 16 CM. Ka:>K.n:ylO KapTOtIKY pacIJep-
'IHBaIOT Ha 8 npHMoyrOJIbHbIX KJIeTOIJeK. B Ka:>K-
.l{OH H3 HHX CJIe.n:yeT HapHcoBaTb no O.l{HOMY yc-
JIOBHOMY 3HaKY (pHC. 28). 113rOTaBJIHBaIOT TaK-
>Ke <!JHlIIKH. OHH npe.l{CTaBJIHIOT c060fi He60JIb-
lIIHe KYCOQKH KapTOHa C HaHMeHOBaHHeM YCJIOB-
HbIX Tonorpa<!JHIJeCKHX 3HaKOB. I1rpa npOBO.l{HT-
112
-I- .
50. 8
.
.0.
II /I -
.0. - -
1/ " - - -
- -
" -.
" " - -
-
Puc. 28. KapTOqKa Tonorp8cl>H'leCKOro nOTO
CH K8K B 06bIlJHOe JIOTO. BbIHrpbIBaeT TOT, Y KO-
ro paHblIIe 6Y.l{YT 3aKpbITbi BCe KJIeTKH Ha Kap-
TOlJKe.
H300pa1KeHHe peJIbe a Ha Tonorpa4>HQeCKHX
K.ap1'ax. PeJIbe$ MeCTHOCTH H306pa:>KaeTCH H8
Tonorpa<IJHlJecKoH KapTe rOpH30HT8JIHMH, KPHBbI-
MH, 3aMKHYTbIMH JIHHHHMH, npOXO.l{H HMH Qepe3
TOlJKH MeCTHOCTti C O.l{HHaKOBOH BbiCOTOH Ha.l{
ypOBHeM MOpH (pHC. 29). rOpH30HTaJIH MO:>KHO
npe CTaBHTb KaK rpaHH bI ypOBHH BO.l{bI, KOTO-
paH nOCTeneHHO 3aTOnJIHeT M0CTHOCTb, nOCJIe.l{O-
BaTeJIbHO 3a<IJHKcHpoBaHHbIe Ha onpe.l{eJ1eHHbIX
BbiCOTax.
Pa3HOCTb BbiCOT .l{BYX COCe.l{HHx_rQPH30HTaJIeH
Ha3bIBaeTCH BbICOTOH CeqeHHSI, a paccToHHHe
Me.>K.l{Y HHMH B.l{OJIb npOeKI..{HH npo<pHJIH CKJIOHa-
3aJW1KeHHeM. YroJI Me:>K.l{y HanpaBJIeHHeM CKaTa
Hero 3aJIO:>KeHHeM COCTaBJIHeT KPYTH3HY CKaTa.
K.pYTH3Ha CKaTa onpe.l{eJIHeTCH nQ pacnOJIO:>Ke-
HHIO ropH30HTaJIeH. 4eM Kpyqe CKaT, TeM 6.1JH:>Ke
p8CnOJIOlKeHbI ropH30HTaJIH .l{pyr K .l{pyry. MaK-
(;HMaJIbHaH KpYTH3Ha CKaTa, H306p8}1{8eMaH ro-
113
1.2opa
OTMeTKU TO'leK
u OpU30HTane(J 2. KOTIIOBUHQ
5. Ceano8uHD
PUG. 29. l1a06paJKeHHe penbe a Ha TonOrpa HqeCKOfI
KapTe
114
pH30HTaJIHMH, He npeBbIUlaeT 45°. CKaTbI Kpyqe
45° H300pa:>KaIOTCH YCJIOBHbIMH 3HaKaMH.
4roobI onpe.l{eJIHTb KPYTH3HY CKJIOHa MeCTHO-
CTH no Tonorpa<lmqecKoH KapTe, Hy:mHo nOMHHTb,
'1TO paccToHHHe Me:>K.n:y ropH30HTaJIHMH (3aJIO-
>KeHHe.), paBHoe 1°, cooTBeTcTByeT KpYTH3He 1°
25000
Puc. 80. Onpe.neneHHe KPYTH3HbI CKJlOHa Ha TO-
nOrpa li'leCKOH KapTe no IllKane 38JIO}KeHliH
Ha MeCTHOCTH. Bo CKOJIbKO pa3 3aJIOlKeHHe .6Y.l{e T
OOJIbllIe (MeHbUle), BO CTOJIbKO pa3 KpYTH3Ha
CKaTa oY.l{eT MeHbllIe (oOJIbUle) 1 0.
115
HanpaBJIeHHe nOHH}!{eHHH CKoil0Ha YKa3bIBaeT'
CH CneUHaJIbHbIM 3HaKOM - 6eprlIITpHXOM. Bo.
npoc 0 KOJIHfleCTBe' 6eprlIITpHXOB H MeCTe HX pa3-
Me eHHH pelliaeTCH B Ka}!{.l{OM KOHKpeTHOM CJIY-
flae.
BbIcoTa OCHOBHOrO CefleHHH peJIbe<t>a Onpe.l{e-
JIeHHOrO JIHCTa KapTbI HBJIHeTCH BeJIHflHHOH no-
CTOHHHOH H YKa3bIBaeTCH Ha nOJIHX KapTbI no.l{
JIHHeHHbIM MaClIITa6oM.
BbIcoTa ropH30HTaJIH Ha.l{ ypOBHeM MOpH, BbI-
pa}!{eHHaH B MeTpax, Ha3bIBaeTCH OTMeTKOH. OT-
MeTKH ropH30HTaJIeH nO.l{nHCbIBaIOTCH B pa3pbI-
Bax ropH30HTaJIeH, a OTMeTKH TOfleK -- npaBee
HHX.
,UJIH onpe.l{eJIeHHH KPYTH3HbI CKaTa Ha Tono-
rpaqmflecKoH KapTe CTpOHTCH lIIKaJIa 3aJIO}!{CHHH,
Ha KOTOpOH nOCJIe.l{OBaTeJIbHO OTJIO}!{eHbI 3aJIO}!{e.
HHH, COOTBeTCTBYIO He KpYTH3He CKaTOB B I, 2,
3,5... H.l{O 45" (pHC. 30).
'uJIH H3MepeHHH !<pynI3HbI CKaTfl H3MepHIOT
UHpKYJIeM KpaTflaHlIIee paccToHHHe Me}!{.l{Y ro-
pH30HTaJIHMH H Ha lllKa"le nO.l{6Hpa1OT COOTBeT-
cTBYIO ee eMY 3aJIQ}!{eHHe, npoTHB KOToporo flH-
TaIOT KPYTH3HY CKaTa B rpa.l{ycax.
Ha Tonorpa<t>HflecKHx KapTax CCCP 3a TOflKY
OTCfleTa npHHHTo HYJIeBOe .l{eJIeHHe <t>YTiliTOKa 1
KpOHlIITa.l{TCKOrO MOCTa.
PaOOTa C KapTOH. DpH pa60Te C Tonorpa4mfle-
CKOH KapTOH npHXO.l{HTCH H3MepHTb paccToHHHH
I Pea"a (6pyc) C eJleHHHMH, YCTaHOBJIeHHaH Ha BO O"
MepHoM nOCTY ,1H H86nJO eHHH YPOBIIH BO bI B Mope, peKe
HJlH 03epe. Cny:amT nH H3yqeHHH H3MeHeHHH ypOBHH B
,naHHOM MeCTe, onpe eJIeHHH cpe Hero YPOBHH MOpH (peKH)
H YCT8HOBJ!eHHH H8Q8nbHOro YPOBHH nH HCQHCJ!eHHH BbiCOT
Ii rJly6HH. OT HYJlH I(pOHIll'ra,nTCKoro ctJYTIllTOK8 B CCCP
H3MepHIOT 86co.'1iOTHbie BblCOTbi.
116
no npHMOH JIHHHH, no H3BHJIHCTOH, a TaK>Ke H3-
MepHTb H BbI'HfCJIHTb yr JIbl. ,LLJIH .3TOrO Heooxo-
.l{HMO npe)J{.l{e Bcero 3HaTb MaCliITaO KapTbI.
MaCliITaOOM Ha3bIBaeTCH OTHOlIleHHe .l{JIHHbI
JIHHHH Ha KapTe K .l{JIHHe COOTBeTCTBYIO eH JIH-
HHH Ha MeCTHOCTH, BbIpa)J{eHHoe B o.aHHaKOBbIX
Mepax .l{JIHHbI. MaClIlTaObI KapTbI eCTb qHCJIeHHbIe
H JIHHeHHbIe.
IIHCJIeHHbIH MaClIlTao 3anHCbIBaeTCH B BH.l{e
.l{pOOH HJIH OTHOlIleHHH .aBYX qHCeJI. B qHCJIHTeJIe'
CTOHT e.aHHHua, a B 3HaMeHaTeJIe - qHCJIO, KOTO-
poe nOKa3bIBaeT, BO CKOJIbKO pa3 .aelfCTBHTeJIbHbIe
pa3MepbI Ha MeCTHOCTH YMeHblIleHbI npH H3000a-
>KeHHH HX Ha KapTe. HanpHMep: 1: 10000.
4HCJIO 10000 nOKa-
.3LIBaeT, qTO Bce pac-
CTOHHHH Ha MeCTHO-
CTlI YMeHblIleHbI B
10 000 pa3.
,lJ,JIH onpe.l{eJIeHHH
no KapTe paccToHHHH
Me)J{.l{Y MeCTHLIMH
npe.l{MeTaMH nOJIb3Y-
IOTCH qHCJIeHHbIM
MaCIlITaOm1. ,lJ,JIH PUG. 31. .T1HHeHHbIH MaCIllTao
:noro H3MepmoT JIH-
HeliKolf HJ1H IJ.HpKyneM paccToHHHe Me)J{.l{Y MeCT-
HbIMH npe.l{MeTaMI1 B caHTlIMeTpax H YMHo)J{aIOT
nO,,'lyqeHHOe qllC,,'lO Ha BeJIHqHHY MaclIlTa6a.
H8npHMep, eCJIJI no KapTe M8clIlTaoa 1 :25000
paccToHHHe Me)J{.l{Y .aBYMH TOqKaMH paBHO 5,5 CM,
TO paCCTOHHHe Ha MeCTHOCTH oy.aeT paBHO
5,5x250= 1375 M.
.l1JIH onpe.aeJIeHHH HeOOJIblIlHX paccToHHHlf
:I1E:iK.ay .l{BYMH TOqKa:l1H npo e nOJIb30BaTbCH JIlI-
HelfHbIM MaClIlTaOOM.
3
KM
ill
JlHHeHHblH MaClllTaO - .3TO rpa<lmqecKoe H30-
Opa:>KeHHe '1HCJIeHHOrO MaClIITaOa (pHC. 31). OH
npe.l{CTaBJIHeT COOOH npHMYIO JIHHHIO, pa3.n:eJIeH-
HYIO Ha oTpe3KH paBHoH .l{JIHHbI, Ha3bIBaeMYIO
OCHOBaHHeM JIHHeHHOro MaclIITaoa. OCHoBaHHe
BbIoHpaeTcH C - TaKHM paCqeTOM,' qTOObI eMY Ha
MeCTHOCTH COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO KpyrJIOe qHCJIO co-
TeH HJIH TbICHq KHJIOMeTpoB. ECJIH eCTb Heooxo-
.l{HMOCTb nOtTpoHTb JIHHeHHbIH MaclIITao .l{JIH Kap-
TbI MaclIITaoa 1 :50000, TO 3a OCHOBaHHe JIyqlIIe
IIPHHHTb oTpe30K 2 CM. Tor.n:a Ka:>K.l{OMY TaKOMY
oTpe3KY Ha MeCTHO-
CTH oY.l{eT COOTBeT-
10 15 20 25 CTBOBaTb paCCTOHHHe
I I I I 1 KM. ECJIH HY:>KHO
10.t H3MepHTb JIHHHIO,
MeHblIIYIO .n:JIHHbI oc-
Puc. 32. TIepeBo HoH JIImeH- HOBaHHH, TO OCHOBa-
HblH MaCplT80 HHe .lI.eJIHT e e Ha
5-10 paBHbIx qaCTeH.
nOCKOJIbKY JIHHHIO Ha KapTe H3MepHTb TOqHO
HeJIb3H, TO paCCTOHHHe Ha MeCTHOCTH 10 H 50 M,
cooTBeTcTBYIO He 0,01 CM Ha KapTe, nOKa3bIBa-
IOTCH npe.l{MeTHOH TOqHOCTbIO MaclIITaoa KapTbl.
npaKTHqeCKH olliHoKa H3MepeHHH JIHHHH Ha Kap-
Te B nOJIeBbIX YCJIOBHHX COCTaBJIHeT 0,05 CM H
oOJIee.
B npaKTHKe TypH3Ma qaCTO npHxo.n:HTCH nOJIb-
30BaTbCH KapTaMH HeMeTpHqeCKHX MaclIITaooB
HJIH <l>oToKonHHMH KapT npOH3BOJIbHoro Mac-
lIITaoa.
l!ToobI C TaKoH KapToH MO:>KHO ObIJIO paooTaTb,
HeOoXO.l{HMO nocTpoHTb nepeBo,ll,HoH JlHHeHHblH
MaCWTa6 (pHC. 32).
HanpHMep, C.l{eJIaHa <l>oToKonHH KapTbl Mac-
lIITaoa 1 :300000. MaclIITao <l>oToKonHH nOJIY-
129CM
118
qHJICH paBHbIM 1 :387865. EC,,'lH nOCTpOHTb JIHHeH-
HbIH MaCWTao C OCHOBaHHeM 1 CM, TO B HaType
eMY 0Y.lI.eT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb 3878,65 M. 3TO C03-
.1J,aeT onpe.l{eJIeHHbIe TPY.lI.HOCTH B paooTe C TaKHM
MacwTa6oM. Y.lI.06Hee nocTpoHTb TaKOH miHell-
HbIll MacwTa6, OCHOBaHHIO KOToporo B HaType co-
OTBeTCTBOBaJIO 6bI KpyrJIOe qHCJIO KHJIOMeTpOB
HJIH COTeH MeTpoB, HanpHMep, 5 000 M. .IT.JIHHY Ta-
Koro OCHOBaHHH HaXO.lI.HM H3 CJIe.lI.YIO eH nponop-
LJ:HH: 1 CM : X CM -=3878,65 M; 5000 M:
5000
X = 3878,65 1,29 CM.
J.bMepeHHe paccToHHHll no JIOMaHOH JIHHHH
npOH3BO.lI.HTCH C nOMOUlbIO UHPKYJIH HJIH KYPBH-
MeTpa. DpH nOJIb30BaHHH U:HpKYJIeM CTBOp ero
.lI.eJIaIOT He6oJIbWHM, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CTeneHH
H3BHJIHCTOCTH H3MepHeMoro paccToHHHH.
Puc. 33. I(ypmr-
Merp
Puc. 34. 113MepeHHe
paccTOslHHll c nOMOlIl.blO
KYpBHMeTpa
KYPBHMeTp HMeeT BH.lI. KpyrJIOH KOPOOOqKH C
.l{ep.)!{aTe,,'leM (pHC. 33, 34). B u:eHTpe npH60pa
119
HaXO.l{HTCH I1.H«pepOJIaT co CTpe.iIKotl; BHH3Y HMe-
eTCH KOJIeCHKO, npH nOMO H KOToporo OOBO.l{HTCH
MaprnpYT. KOJIeCHKO COe.l{HHeHO CHCTeMOH nepe-
.l{aq CO CTpeJIKOH Ha I1.H<lJepOJIaTe, KOTopaH Be}.I.eT
OTC'IeT BeJIH'IHHbI npOH.l{eHHOrO paCCTOHHHH no
KapTe.
.lJ.eJIeHHH KypBHMeTpOB Ha nIKaJIe I1.H<lJepOJIaTa
ObIBalOT pa3JIHqHbIe: Ha O.l{HHX OHM 0003HaqalOT
nYTb, npOXO.l{HMbIH KOJIeCHKOM no KapTe B caHTH-
MeTpax, Ha .l{pyrHx - nOKa3bmaIOT HenOCpe.l{o
CTBeHHO paCCTOHHHe Ha MeCTHoCTH B KHJIOMeTpax
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MaCJ11TaOa KapTbI. Ha pHCYHKe
nOKa3aH KypBHMeTp C - TpeMH llIKaJIaMH pa3JIHq-
HbIX MaCllITa60B (1:100000,1:50000,1:25000).
.lJ.eJIeHHH Ha llIKaJIaX nOKa3bIBalOT paccToHHHe Ha
MeCTHOCTH B KHJIOMeTpax.
4TOOhI onpe.l{eJIHTb .l{JIHHY MaprnpYTa C no-
MO blO KypBHMeTpa, HeOOXO.l{HMO CTpeJIKY npH-
oopa YCTaHoBHTb Ha HyJIeBOe nOJIo}KeHHe uH<lJep-
OJIaTa. 3aTeM KypBHMeTp CJIe.l{yeT' nOCTaBHTb Bep-
THKaJIbHO KOJIeCHKOM Ha HaqaJIbHYIO TOqKY MapllI-
PYTa H C paBHoMepHbIM Ha:>KHMOM npoKaTHTb ero
B.l{OJIb MapmpYTa TaK, qTOObI nOKa3aHHH CTpeJIKH
B03paCTaJIH. B KOHeqHOH TOqKe MaplllpYTa CHH-
MaIOT OTC'IeT no HY:>KHOH llIKaJIe I1.H<lJepOJIaTa,
)1JIHHa MaplllpYTa oY.l{eT paBHa OTCqeTY. YMHO-
:>KeHHoMY Ha I1.eHY .l{eJIeHHH rnKaJIbI.
ECJIH KypBHMeTp .l{aeT nOKa3aHHH B caHTHMeT-
pax, TO .l{JIH nOJIyqeHHH COOTBeTCTBYIO ero HM
paCCTOflHHH Ha MeCTHOCTH HeOOXO.l{HMO YMHO-
:>KHTb OTCqeT no lllKaJIe Ha BeJIHqHHY MaCllITaoa
KapTbI. '
TonOrpa HqeCKOe opHeHTHpOBaHHe. nO.l{ TOno-
rpa<lJHqeCKHM opHeHTHpOBaHHeM CJIe.l{yeT nOHH-
MaTb opHeHTHpOBaHHe Ha MeCTHOCTH, T. e. onpe-
.l{eJIeHFe MeCTa c oero pacnOJIO:>KeHHH OTHOCH-
120
TeJIbHO K CTOpOHaM rOpH30HTa, OKpY:M{aIO .HM
MeCTHbIM npe.nMeTaM H peJIbe y MeCTHOCTH.
OpHeHTHpOBaHHe Ha MeCTHOCTH HallHHaeTCH C
Onpe.l{eJIeHHH CTOpOH ropH30HTa no KOMnacy.
OCTaHaBJIHBaTbCH Ha npaBHJIaX nOJIb30BaHHH
KOMnaCOM HeT HeOOXO.l{HMOCTH, T. K. 3TO oo eH3.
BeCTHO. 1--13 MHOrOIlHCJIeHHbIX CHCTeM
KOMnaCOB B TYPHCTCKOH npaKTHKe
HarneJI caMoe rnHpOKoe npHMeHeHHe
>KH.l{KOCTHbIH KOMnac «CnopT-3»
(pHC. 35). npeHMy ecTBo 9Toro
KOMnaca 3aKJII01laeTCH B HCKJIIOIIH-
TeJIbHO 6bICTpOH roTOBHOCTH K pa-
oOTe H B npocToTe OOCJIY>KHBaHHH.
KOMnac «CnopT-3» CHaO>KeH JIynoH
.l{JIH '1TeHHH KapT H rnaH60H-rnaro-
MeTpoM, KOTopbIe HaXO.l{HTCH Ha
OCHOBHOH nJIHTe npH60pa. npH
nOJIb30BaHHH JII06bIM KOMnaCOM
CJIe.l{yeT nOMHHTb, liTO B CB060.l{HO
no.rr.BerneHHOM COCTOHHHH MarHHT-
HaH CTpeJIKa CBOHMH KOHuaMH oy-
.l{eT HanpaBJIeHa Ha ceBep H Ha lOr.
Ho 9TO npHOJIH>KeHHO. CTpeJIKa pacnOJIaraeTCH
He no HanpaBJIeHHIO HCTHHHoro (reorpa Hlle-
CKoro) MepH.l{HaHa, a no HanpaBJIeHHIO MarHHT-
Horo MepH.l{HaHa (pHC. 36). YroJI Me>K.l{y HC'fHH-
HbIM MepH.l{HaHoM H MarHHTHbIM Ha3bIBaeTCH
CKJIOHeHHeM MarHHTHOH CTpeJIKH (MarHHTHoe
CKJIOHeHHe). OHO .l{JIH Ka>K.l{OH MeCTHOCTH pa3-
JIHIIHO H MO>KeT OblTb BOCTOIIHbIM (co 3HaKOM +)
HJIH 3ana.l{HbIM (co 3HaKOM -).
. npH .l{BH>KeHHH rpynnbI no a3HMYTY HeOOXo.l{H-
MO T aTeJIbHO BbI.l{ep>KHBaTb HanpaBJIeHHe H 'la-
e cBepHTbcH C KOMnaCOM. .II.JIH OOJIee TOIIHoro
BbIXO.l{a Ha opHeHTHp He CJIe.l{yeT Ha3HallaTb
6 7269
Puc. 35.
)I(H KOCTHbIH
KOMnac
«CnopT-3»
121
O'leHb OOJIblIIHe paCCTOHHHfJ Me}K.n.y TO'lKaMH no-
BOpOTa. B CJIY'Iae ooxo.l{a npenHTCTBHH Ha npo-
THBOnOJIO}KHOH ero CTopOHe CJIe.l{yeT 3aMeTHTb
KaKOH-JIHOO opHeHTHp
H, OOOH.l{H, npo.l{OJI-
}KHTb .l{BH}KeHHe no
a3HMYTY H3 3Toro 0PH-
eHTHpa.
OpHeHTHpOBaHHe Ha
MeCTHOCTH no KapTe.
CHa'laJIa cne.n.yeT
copHeHTHpOBan Kap"
TY. OpHeHTHpOBaHHe
KapTbI MO}KHO npOH3-
BO.l{HTb no KOMnacy H
.l{BYM opHeHTHpaM.
D.nH 9Toro CHa1laJIa
YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT KOM-
nac .l{HaMeTpOM ce-
Bep-IOr Ha BepTHKanbHYIO JIHHHIO KOOp.l{HHaTHOH
ceTKH ceBepHbIM KOHUOM K ceBepHOH CTopOHe
paMKH KapTbI H OCBOOO}K.l{aIOT TOpM03 MarHHTHOH
CTpeJIKH. 3aTeM nOBopOTOM KapTb! BMeCTe C KOM-
naCOM no.n.BO,IJ:HT ceBepHbIH KOHeu MarHHTHOH
CTpeJIKH K .l{eJIeHHIO, COOTBeTCTBYIO eMY BenHIIH-
He nonpaBKH HanpaBJIeHHfJ: eCJIH nonpaBKa Ha-
npaBJIeHHH nOJIO}KHTeJIbHaH (BOCTOIlHaH), TO
CTpeJIKa .n.OJI>KHa OTKJIOHHTbCH BnpaBO OT BepTH-
KaJIbHOH JIHHHH ceTKH, eCJIH nonpaBKa HanpaBJIe-
HHH OTpHUaTeJIbHaH (3ana.n.HaH), TO CTpenKa
.l{OJI>KHa ObITb OTKJIOHeHa BJIeBO. OonpaBKY BeJIH-
IIHHOH MeHblIIe 3° MO>KHO He YtJHTbIBaTb, T. K.
OIliHOKa B YCTaHOBKe MarHHTHOH CTpeJII<H KOMna-
ca MO}KeT 6bITb OOJIblIIe BeJIHIIHHbI nonpaBKH.
OpHeHTHpOBaHHe KapTW no .l{BYM opHeHTHpaM
npOH3BO.l{HTCH TaK. HaXO.l{HCb Ha MeCTHOCTH y Ot{-
c
[;
10
10
Puc. 36. TIepexo 0'1 HCTHH-
Horo a3HMYTa K MarHHTHOMY:
A - 83HMYT HCTHHHbllI: AT -
83HMYT M8rHHTHbllI; CK - Mar-
HHTHoe CKnOHeHHe
122
Horo OpHeHTHpa. C KOTOpOrO BH.l{eH ,lJ,pyroH, OTbIC-
KHBaIOT no KapTe nepBblH opHeHTHp. 3aTeM no-
BOpaqHBaIOT KapTY TaK, IITOObl Hanpai:!JIeHHe Ha
BTOpOH opHeHTHp Ha KapTe COBna.no C HanpaBJIe-
HHeM Ha Hero Ha MeCTHOCTH.
Ec.nH MaplIIpYT TypHCTOB npOXO.l{HT B.l{OJIb npH-
Mo.nHHeflHoro YllacTKa ,lJ,OporH, KaHa.na, npoceKH,
.nHHHH CBH3H HJIH 9JIeKTpOnepe.l{all, TO KapTY no-
BOpallHBaIOT TaK, qTOObl OCb .l{OpOrH (HJIH .l{pyrHx
JIHHeHHblX opHeHTHpOB) Ha KapTe COBna.na C OCbIO
.l{OpOrH Ha MeCTHOCTH.
Onpe.ll.eJleHHe no KapTe TOIlKH CBoero CTOHHHH.
noc.ne TOro KaK KapTa copHeHTHpOBaHa, MO>KHO
pelIIHTb pH.l{ B03HHKIllHX nepe.l{ TypHCTOM 3a.l{all
na MeCTHOCTH. 1.Ja e Bcero TYPHCTY npHXO.l{HTCH
HaXO.l{HTb TO'lKY CBoero CTOHHHH. 3TO MO>KHO C.l{e-
JIaTb pa3HblMH cnocooaMH H npHeMaMH. npo e,
KOr,lJ,a 9Ta TOIlKa HaXO.l{HTCH pH.l{OM C MeCTHblM
npe.l{MeTOM, H306pa>KeHHb1M Ha KapTe, YC.nOBHbIH
3HaK HJIH H300pa>KeHHe 9Toro npe.l{MeTa YKa3 -
BaeT TOllKY CTOHHHH.
ECJIH TOIlKY CTOHHHH Ha MeCTHOCTH on03HaTb
HeB03MO>KHO H aHa HaXO.l{HTCH B.l{aJIH aT MeCTHblX
npe.l{MeTOB, TO npHoeraIOT K npOCTeHlIIHM cnoco-
6aM TOnorpaclJHlIeCKOH npHBH3KH.
1.Ja e Bcero TOnorpaclJallecKaH npHBH3Ka OCY-
eCTB.nlleTCH npHeMaMH rJIa30MepHOH C'beMKH.
TonorpaclJHlIeCKYIO npHBH3KY npHeMaMH rJIa30-
MepHOH C'beMKH MO}f(HO BbInOJIHHTb TOr.l{a, KOr.l{a
MeCTHble npe,QMeTbl Y,lJ,a.neHbl aT npHBH3blBaeMOH
TOIlKH He oo.nee '1eM Ha 1 KHJIOMeTp. CHa1laJIa
BbloHpaIOT MeCTHbIe npe.l{MeTbl, XOpOIliO on03Ha-
BaeMbIe Ha KapTe (nepeKpecTKH 0003Ha'leHHbIX
Ha KapTe .l{opor, npoceK, nepeKpecTKH y.nm.t B Ha-
CeJIeHHblX nYHKTax, yrJIbI KaHaB H' JIHHHH 9JIeKT-
ponepe,lJ,a'l, lI.epKBH, BbIIllKH, BO,lJ,OHanOpHble 6alII-
6*
123
HH, OT.l{eJIbHbIe naM5ITHHKH, KypraHbI, OT.lleJIbHbIe
.llepeBbH, KHJIOMeTpOBbIe CTOJI6bI, MOCTbI, H T. n.).
3aTeM KapTY opHeHTHpYIOT no KOMnacy HJIH no
npHMOJIHHeHHOMY KOHTYPY, eCJIH npHBH3bIBaeMaH
TO'lKa pacnOJIO.>KeHa Ha 9TOM KOHType, a BH3HpO-
BaHHe C npO'lep'lHBaHHeM HanpaBJIeHHH ocy eCT-
BJIHIOT npH nOMO H JIHHeHKH. PaCCTOflHHe H3Me-
pHIOT IlIaraM H HJIH Ha r JIa3 (eCJIH OHO He 60JIee
100 M). D.JIfl nepexo.na aT paCCTOHHHH, H3MepeH-
HblX B lllarax, K COOTBeTCTBYIO HM paCCTOHHHHM
B MeTpax He06xo,lJ.HMO 3HaTb MaClllTa6 CBOHX
IlIarOB. ECJIH OH HeH3BeCTeH, TO npHHHMaIOT 100
06bI'IHblX lllarOB 3a 75-80 M.
Cnoco6bl reOMeTpH'IeCKHX H3MepeHHH. B nYTe-
IlIeCTBHHX Ba.>KHO YMeTb He TOJIbKO opHeHTHpo-
BaTbCH Ha MeCTHOCTH, HO H BJIa,lJ.eTb npOCTeHlllH-
H cnoc06aMH reOMeTpH'IeCKHX H3MepeHHiL 3a-
1JaCTYIO npHXO,lJ.HTCH YCTaHaBJIl-fBaTb nYTb, OCTaB-
nmHCH .l{0 KOHI a u:eJIH, onpe.l{eJIflTb IlIIfPHHY pe-
KH, BbICOTY .l{epeBa HJIH CKaJIbI, paCCTOflHHe .l{O
onpe.l{eJIeHHbIX npe,lJ.MeTOB H T. .lI..
Cnoc06HOCTb 'IeJIOBeKa ou:eHHBaTb Ha rJIa3, 6e3
nOMO H npH60pOB, paCCTOflHHe ,lJ.O OKpY.>KaIO IfX
ero npe.l{MeTOB H pa3MepbI npe,lJ.MeTOB Ha3blBa-
eTCH rJIa30MepOM. 3TO HH.lI.HBH.l{yaJIbHaH cnoc06-
HOCTb 'IeJIOBeKa, HO ee MO.>KHO pa3BHTb nYTeM no-
CTOflHHbIX ynpa.>KHeHHH.
fJIa30MepHoe onpe.l{eJIeHHe paCCTo.HHHH npOH3-
BO.l{HTCH pa3JIH'IHbIMH cnoc06aMH.
D.JIH 60JIee TO'lHOrO onpe.l{eJIeHHH paCCTOflHHH
no BH.l{HMbIM .l{eTaJIflM Heo6xo.l{HMO PYKOBO.l{CTBO-
BaTbCH ,lJ.aHHbIMH, npHBe,lJ.eHHbIMH HH.>Ke B Ta6JIH-
u:e .N'!1 9.
D.JIH onpe.l{eJIeHHfl pacCTOHHH5I MO.>KHO nOJIb30-
BaTbCH npoCTeHlllHMH .l{aJIbHOMepaMH. B YCJIOBH-
HX TypHCTCKHX nOXO.l{OB MO.>KHO nOJIb30BaTbCH
124
T a 6 n H U a ,Ng 9. Ta6J1Hl.\a paccToRHHA Haqa.na
BH HMOCTH npe MeTa
HSHMeHOB8HHe npe.o.MeTS
P8CCTOIIHHe
B KM
BOJIbWHe 6aIllHH, l..{epKBH, 3JIeBaTOpbl
BeTpHHble MenbHHl..{bI
JJ:epeBHH H 6MbwHe 3 aHHH
<lJa6pH'IHbie Tpy6bI
OT eJlbHble OMa
OKHa B OMax 6e3 nepeTIJIeTOB
Tpy6bl Ha Kpblillax
OTJ(eJIbHble epeBbH, nIDJ(H
KHnOMeTpOBbie CTOJ!6bl H pyrHe CTOJ!6bl
JIollla H (pa3JIHqaIOTC!! HorH)
TIepenneTbi B OKHax
rOnOBa 'leJIOBeKa
DBera OD.e>K bI
4epenHua H OCKH Ha Kpblillax
TIyroBHl.\bl
JI Hua JIID eH
BblpaJKeHHe nHl.\a
fna3a
BenKH rna3
11
9
6
5
4
3
2
2
(B M)
700
530
400
270
210
160
160
110
60
20
16-21
nJIaCTHHKOH JlHOH.l{e (Ha3BaHa no HMeHH aBTO-
pa). 3TOT cnocoo onpe.l{eJIeHHH paCCTOHHHH 3a.
KJIIOqaeTCH B cJIe.l{Y-
IO eM. DJIaCTHHKY Ha-
npaBJIHeM Ha H;::I:y ero
qeJIOBeKa (pHC. 37).
YCTaHaBJIHBaeM, Ha-
npHMep, qTO clmrypa
lI.eJIHKOM 3anOJIHHeT
qeTBepTblH CJIeBa Bbl-
pe3 nJIaCTHHKH CHat{-
nHCbIO «125». 3TO Puc. 37. TInacTHHKa JIHoH e
3HaqHT, qTO paccTOH-
HHe aT Ha 6JIIO;::I:aTeJIH ;::1:0 06'beKTa paBHo 125 M.
DpH ocy eCTBJIeHHH nepenpaBbl qe 3 peKY
HJIH pyqeH Ha MaprnpYTe B03HHKaeT HeOOXO.l{H-
125
MOCTb Onpe.l{eJIeHHH UIHpHHbl peRH. 3TO MO>KHO
C.l{eJIaTb C nOMo bIO TpaBHHKH. .lI.JIH :noro Heoo-
XO.l{HMO Ha npoTHBOnOJIO>KHOM oepery peKH Bbl-
opaTb B HenOCpe.l{cTBeHHoH OJIH30CTH OT HerO JlBa
3aMeTHblX npeJlMeTa H, CTOH no JlpyryIO CTOPOHY
peRH C BblTHHYTblMH PYKaMH, B KOTOpblX 3a>KaTa
TpaBHHKa, 3aKpbITb npOMe>KYTOK Me>K.l{y BblopaH-
HblMH npeJlMeTaMH. O.l{HH rJIa3 .l{OJI>KeH OblTb 3a-
KpbIT.
OOCJIe 3Toro CJIe.l{yeT, CJIO>KHB TpaBHHKY nono-
JIaM, OTXO.l{HTb OT oepera .l{O Tex nop, nOKa pac-
A
/
/
/'
/'
/'
/'
/'
r -
. ",""", ,'
Puc. 38. Onpe eJ1eHHe BbICOTb! npe MeTa no era TeHH
CTOHime Me>K.l{Y BblopaHHblMH npe.l{MeTaMH He 3a-
KpoeTCH CJIOmeHHOH TpaBHHKOH. 3aMepHB npo-
MemYTOK MemJlY .l{BYMf! TOIJKaMH CTOHHHH, nO.llY-
IJHM paCCTOHHHe .l{O npOTHBOnOJIO>KHOrO 6epera,
TO eCTb UIHPHHY peKH.
B03HHKaeT HeOOXO.l{HMOCTb onpe.l{eJIeHHH BbICO-
126
TbI npe.l{MeTOB. Eho MO>KHO C.l{eJIaTb no TeHH HY.>K-
HOro npe)J.MeTa, no CBoeMY POCTy. .lI.JIH onpe.l{e-
JIeHHH BbIC01'bI npe.lI.MeTa no ero TeHH HeOOXO.l{H-
MO nOCTaBHTb B TeHH ::noro npe.l1MeTa (K npH-
Mepy, .l{epeBa) naJIKY He.l{aJIeKO OT ero BepXYIliKH
H H3MepHTb .l{JIHHY lIaCTH naJIKH, nOKpbITOH TeHbIO
(pHC. 38). Tor.l{a BE: AE-=.lI.f: Af, OTKY.l{a
.n.f=AfX (BE: AE), T. e. pa3.l{eJIHB .l{JIHHY no-
KpbITOH TeHbIO '1aCTH naJIKH Ha paCCTOHHHe OT
Hee .l{O BepxYIliKH TeHH .l{epeBa H nOMHO>KHB 3TO
IIHCJIO Ha .l{JIHHY TeHH, nOJIYIIHM BbICOTY npe.l{Me-
Ta (.l{epeBa). .
PaccToHHHe MO>KHO onpe.l{eJIHTb C nOMO bIO
3TaJIOHOB - TOIIHbIX Mep (pHC. 39). 3TaJIOHaMH
MorYT OHTb pa3HHe '1aCTH '1eJIOBelleCKOrO TeJIa,
)J.aHHbIe H3MepefIHH pa3HbIx npe.l{MeTOB, HMeIO HX
..
\/A '.
:CM
" / B
lS
"
"II
Puc. 39. 3TanoHbi nH onpe eJleHHH paccToHHHH
CTaH.l{apTHbIe pa3MepbI. BOT HeKoTopbIe H3 HHX:
1. 10 CM - .l{JIHHa YKa3aTeJIbHOrO naJIblI.a Y
B3pOCJIOro lIeJIOBeKa. .lI.JIH H3MepeHHH corHHTe ero
no.l{ npHMbIM yrJIOM K JIa.lI.OHH. ECJIH >Ke naJIeli.
KOpOlle 10 CM, TO 3TY Mepy HY.>KHO 3anHcaTb H
3anOMHHTb. B noxo)J.e 3TO nOHa.l{OOHTcH.
2. 20 CM - COCTaBJIHeT paccToHHHe Me>K.l{Y
CBOOO.l{HO pa3Be.l{eHHbIMH KOHlI.aMH MH3HHlI.a H
127
60JIblIIOrO naJIbu.a, KOr.l{a PYKa 6e3 HanpH:HWHHH
.I1e>KHT Ha nJIaHlIIeTe HJIH nOJIeBOH KHH.>KKe.
3. 2 M - COCTaBJIHeT BbICOTa lIeJIOBeKa C no.l{-
HHTOH PYKOH, eCJIH KHCTb PYKH oTorHYTa Ha3a.l{.
4. 1 M - COCTaBHT BbICOTa OT nOJIa .l{0 nOHca
lIeJIOBeKa.
5. PaccToHHHe Me.>KllY KOHIIHKaMH naJIbu.eB
PYK B nOJIO.>KeHHH «PYKH B CTOPOHb!» Y 60JIbIIIIfH-
CTBa JIIO.l{eH paBHHeTcH POCTy.
6. Cpe.l{HHH .l{JIHHa IlIara B3pOCJIOro lIeJIOBeKa
paBHHeTCH npH6JIH3HTeJIbHO nOJIOBHHe ero pOCTa
npH H3MepeHHH .l{0 ypOBHH rJIa3. npaKTHlIeCKH
YCTaHOBJIeHO, liTO .l{JIHHY CBoero lIIara MO>KHO
p
onpe.l{eJIHTb no clJopMYJIe"4 + 37, r.l{e p. - pOCT
lIeJIOBeKa B caHTHMeTpax, 4 H 37 - nOCTOSIHHbIe
IInCJIa. HanpHMep, npH pOeTe 120 CM .l{JIHHa IlIa-
120
ra 6Y.l{eT paBHa 4" +37=30+37=67 CM.
7. PaccToHHHe OT rJIa3a .l{0 OCHOBaHHSI YKa3a-
TeJIbHOrO naJIbu.a BblTHHYTOH PYKH paBHHeTcH
57-60 CM. 3TOH BeJIHIIHHOH MO.>KHO nOJIb30BaTb-
CH .l{JIH HaXO>K.l{eHHH BeJIHIIHHbI JII060ro yrJIa. 1--13-
BeCTHO, liTO Ha YKa3aHHOM paCCTOHHHH Ka>K.l{bIH
caHTHMeTp HMeeT yr.ll0BYIO BeJIHIIHHY 1°. no-
CKOJIbKY .l{JIHHa YKa3aTeJIbHOrO naJIbu.a paBHa
10 CM, TO .l{OCTaTOIlHO corHYTb ero B OCHOBaHHH
no.l{ npHMbIM yrJIOM K JIHHHH BceH PYKH H H3MepH-
TeJIb rOTOB: Me>K.l{Y KOHU.OM YKa3aTeJIbHOrO naJIb-
u.a Hero OCHOBOH, T. e.i H3rH60M o6pa3yeTcH yrOJI
10°. Onpe.ll.eJIHeTCH BeJIHIIHHa JII060ro yrJIa TaK.
CorHYTbIH no.l{ npSIMbIM yr JIOM Y OCHOBaHHSI
YKa3aTeJIbHbIH naJIeu. Ha BblTHHYTOH PYKe YCTa-
HaBJIHBaeTCH Ha ypOBHe rJIa3. CMOTpeTb O.l{HHM
rJIa30M, JIYIIIlIe npaBbIM, H llep.>KaTb rOJIOBY npH-
MO, Bce BpeM5,l B O.l{HOM nOJIO>KeHHH, nOCJIe 3Toro
128
HallHHaeM YKJIa.l{blBaTb CBOIO MepKY, T. e. naJIeu,
no npHMOH, COe.l{HHHIO eH .l{Ba npe.l{MeTa, Me>K.l{Y
KOTOpbIMH onpe.u.eJIHeTCH yrOJI. CMeCTHB KOHeu
naJIbua C O.l{HHM H3 npe.l{MeTOB, CJIe.l{yeT OTMe-
THTb, npOTHB lIero HaXO.l{HTCH .l{pyroH KOHeu
naJIbua. 2ho H 6y.u.eT 10°.
3aTeM, nepeMe aH naJIeu no npHMoH, COB Me-
aH ero KOHeu C OTMelleHHbIM MeCTOM, HanpOTHB
KOToporo 6bIJI nepe.u. 3THM H3fHO naJIbUa, Haxo-
.l{HM HOBoe MeCTO H3rH6a -- TYT OKaHlIHBaIOTCH
CJIe.l{YIO He 10°. 3TO Y>Ke 20° OT HallaJIa. 11 TaK
HY.>KHO .l{OHTH .l{0 BToporo npe.l{MeTa, KOTOpbIH
OrpaHHlIHBaeT yroJI. BnoJIHe B03MO>KHO, liTO OH
JI5I.>KeT r.l{e-TO nocepe.u.HHe naJIbua. B 9TOM CJIY-
lIae HY>KHO Ha r JIa3 onpe.l{eJIHTb, CKOJIbKO .u.eCHTbIX
lIaCTeH naJIbUa 6Y.l{eT Me>K.l{Y ero KOHUOM H BH3H-
pOBaHHbIM npe.u.MeToM. BOT CTOJIbKO UeJIbIX rpa.
.l{YCOB Ha.l{O OY.l{eT npHoaBHTb K H3MepeHHbIM ne-
pe.l{ 9THM .u.ecHTKaM rpa.l{ycoB. HanpHMep, naJIeu
YJIO>KeH ueJIHKOM 3 pa3a, nOCJIe lIero OCTaJIOCb
erne 4/10 ero .l{JIHHbI. 3HallHT, .l{Ba npe.l{MeTa JIe-
.>KaT no.u. yrJIOM 27°. BbInoJIHSISI 9TY paooTY, HeJIb-
351 MeHHTb nOJIO>KeHHe PYKH OTHOCHTeJIbHO KOp-
nyca TeJIa H rJIa3a. HeOOXO.l{HMO BCJIe.l{ 3a naJIb-
ueM Me.l{JIeHHO nOBOpa'lHBaTbCH KopnycoM.
8. Mepa B 22,5°-0T KOHua OOJIbIIIOrO naJIbua
.u.o KOHua MH3HHua, eCJIH .l{ep>KaTb BbITHHYTYIO
PYKY npHMo Ha ypoBHe rJIa3a H nepneH.l{HKYJIHp-
HO K HanpaBJIeHHIO 3peHHH. 3TOH MepoH MOJKHO
nOJIb30BaTbCH .l{JIH H3MepeHHH OOJIbIIIHX yr JIOB:
OT 45° H oOJIee. Mepa B 10°, KOTOpyIO OObIlIHO
npHxo.l{HTCH OTKJIa.l{blBaTb MHoro pa3, HaKanJIH-
BaeT HeMaJIO OlliHOOK. npaB.u.a, Mepa B 22,5° He
TaKa5I lIeTKaH, KaK B 10°. Ee HY>KHO BHHMaTeJIb-
HO H3YlIaTb y ceOH, npHBbIKHyTb K Heii, H TOr.l{a
eIO JIerKO oy.u.eT nOJIb30BaTbCH.
129
YKa3aHHbIe BbIllie COOTHOllleHHH Me>K.l{Y IIaCTH-
MH IIeJIOBeIIeCKOrO TeJIa npH6JIH3HTeJIbHbIe H npH-
Be.l{eHbI KaK nOCTOHHHbIe BeJIHIIHHbI .l{JIH '1eJIOBeKa
Cpe.l{HerO pOCTa. Y .l{eTeH H nO.l{pOCTKOB .l{a>Ke
O.l{HOrO B03paCTa 3TH BeJIHIIHHbI HeOJlHHaKOBbI,
nOCKOJIbKY 9TO CBH3aHO C pOCTOM H HH.l{HBH.l{yaJIb-
HbIMH OC06eHHoctHMH. n03TOMY >KeJIaTeJIbHO,
IIT06bI Ka>KJlbIH TYPHCT, rOTOBHCb B noxo.l{, onpe-
.l{eJIHJI H 3anHCaJI CBOH MepKH. EhaJIOHaMH MorYT
CJIY>KHTb H TaKHe npe.l{MeTbI, KOTopbIe HMeIOT no-
CTOHHHbIe CTaH.l{apTHbIe pa3MepbI (canepHbIe JIO-
naTbI, TYPHCTCKHe tonopHKH, cnHIIeIIHbIe Kop06-
KH, KapaH.l{alllH, MOHeTbI). 3TH npe.l{MeTbI TypH-
CTbI .l{OJI>KHbI BCerJla HMeTb IIPH ce6e.
B 3aBHCHMOCTIf OT paHOHa nYTellleCTBHH TY-
pHCTOB JIerKO caMOMY COCTaBHTb Ta6JIHUY pac-
CTOHHHH no CTeneHH BH.l{HMOCTH xapaKTepHbIX .l{JIH
3Toro paHOHa MeCTHbIX npe.l{MeTOB.
B YCJIOBHHX nOXO.l{OB npHXOJlHTCH onpe.l{eJIHTb
paCCTOHHHe no 3BYKY H CBeTY. 3HaH CKOpOCTb
pacnpOCTpaHeHHH 3BYKa B B03.l{yxe (OKOJIO 300 M
B ceKYH.l{Y HJIH npH6JIH3HTeJIbHO 1 KM 3a 3 ceK.)
If IITO CBeT pacnpocTpaHHeTcH B B03.l{yxe BMHr,
MO>KHO onpeJleJIHTb paccToHHHe. Tal<, nOJlCIIHTaB,
CKOJIbKO ceKYH.l{ npOlllJIO OT MOMeHTa BcnbIIliKH
MOJIHHH .l{0 3BYKa rpoMa, HeCJIO>KHO onpe.l{eJIHTb
paccToHHHe .l{0 HCTOIIHHKa 3BYKa. HanpHMep,
BcnbIIliKa MOJIHHH, a 3BYKH rpoMa MbI CJIbIlllaJIH
TOJIbKO IIepe3 10 ceKYHJl. 3HaIIHT, paccToHHHe lie
rp030BoH TYIIH He MeHee 3 KM. KpoMe Toro, CJIe.
.l{yeT nOMHHTb, '1TO 3BYKH CJIbIlliaTCH Ha CJIe.l{Y'
IO eM paccToHHHIf:
.lXBH>KeHHe aBTOM06HJIH no lllocce 3a 2 KM
,lJ.BH>KeHHe aBTOM06HJIH no rPY30BoH
.l{opore 3a 1 KM
130
fYJI CaMOJIeTa B HOtIHOH THIIlHHe
BbICTpeJI H3 BHHTOBKH
CTYK KOHCKHX KOnbIT B HO'IHOH TH-
IIlHHe
TpeCK na.lI.aIO HX .lI.epeBbeB
B6HBaHHe KOJIbeB BPY'IHYIO
Py6Ka JIeca, Y.lI.apbI TOnOpa
P a3rOBOp (HeHCHO CJIbIIlIHO)
Pa3rOBOp (MO:>KHO pa306paTb
CJIOBa)
KaIlleJib
lIlarH
IfOlJblO MO)l(HO YBHJJ.ETb
BJIeCK KOCTpa
BcnbIIIlKH BblCTpeJIOB BHHTOBKH
CBeT KapMaHHOrO 4>OHapHKa
CBeT 3a}i{}KeHHOH CnH'IKH
OroHeK cHrapeTbI
TYPHCT H nPHPOAA
40 KM
1 KM
0,5-1 KM
800 M
300 M
300 M
200 M
75 M
50M
30M
3a 6-8 KM
1,5-2 KM
1,5 KM
0,5 KM
'0,5 KM
KTO He CJIbIIIlaJI HapO.l{HOH 3ara.lI.KH: «BeJIble
OBe'lKH npbIraIOT no CBe'lKe». 3TO 0 BeceHHeH
HBe. ECJIH BbI BbIH.lI.eTe B JIec B MapTe, TO YBH.lI.H-
Te 3acepe6pHBlliHeCH 6apaIllKH HBbl-KpaCHOTaJIa.
A Ha rJIHHHCTbIX 06pblBax - YJIbI6'1HBbIe rOJIOB-
KH MaTb-H-Ma'leXH. YMblTbIe TaJIOH BO.l{OH, OHH
BbIrJIH.l{HT oc06eHHo CBe>KHMH. B MapTe nOHBHT-
CH H .lI.PyrHe HBeTO'lKH.
nOMHHTe, '1TO K KOHU.Y MapTa nO>KaJIYIOT
CKBOpU.bI. He 3a6Y.lI.bTe nO.lI.apHTb HM O.lI.HH-.lI.PY-
rOH .lI.OMHK. 11 06H3aTeJIbHO C Y'IaCTHeM .lI.eTeH.
11 nycTb OHH nQCJIYIIlaIOT nepBbIe neCHH CKBOpu.a.
131
HaCJIYlIIaBlliHCb B .D.OpOre pa3HbIX nTH , OH nOeT
C '1y>KOrO roJIOCa - nepeCMelliHH'IaeT, 6Y.l{TO
.D.pa3HHT KOrO-TO.
AnpeJIbCKHM BOCKpeCHblM YTPOM BbI yCJIbIlliHTe
B Jlecy 3BYKH: «XOpp, XOpp, BHt» 3TO JIeTHT Ha.D.
npOCeKaMH BaJIb.D.lliHen H HeCnelIIa npH3bIBHO no-
eT KOPOTKYIO neCHIO! Ha MHr CMOJIKHYB, OH npH-
CJIYlliHBaeTCH, He OTKJIHKHeTCH JIH nepHaTaH no-
.l{pyra.
BCTpeTHTe H nyrJIHBOrO e>KHKa. H3pH.D.HO HCXY-
.l{aB 3a 3HMY, OH H eT nponHTaHHe, nepeBOpa'lH-
BaH nHTa'lKOM JIHCTbH H CTY'la KorOTKaMH.
BbirHaJI rOJIO.l{ H3 HOpbl H 6apCYKa. E e 6bI!
Y Hero B Hope e e 6apcYQHXa C .D.eTeHbllliaMH.
BOT H XO.l{HT no O'lepe.D.H Ha OXOTY. B onaBlIIeH
JIHCTBe .l{06bIBaIOT >KYKOB, YJIHTOK. A r.l{e-TO Ii
He>KHbIH KopelIIoK nHTa'lKOM nO.l{.l{eHyT.
ECJIH r.ll.e-TO n06JIH30CTIi eCTb MOKpbIe JIyra,
60JIOTa HJlH XJle6HbIe HHBbl, Bbl MO?KeTe 6bITb
CBH.D.eTeJIHMH BeceHHHX TaH eB MeJIKHX 1KypaB-
JIeH-KpacaBoK. OHH npH6bIBaIOT OCTOpO>KHO, Ha
60JIblIIOH BbICOTe. npH3eMJIHTCH, OrJIH.l{HTCH, no-
COBe aIOTCH - BbI YCJIbllliHTe HX Tpy6Hbie ro-
JIoca. A Be'lepHeH 3apeH BbI6epYT OHH MeCTO no-
cylIIe, CJIeTHTCH TY.l{a co BceH oKpyrH... CTaH pa3-
.D.BHHeTCH, 3aXO.D.HT no H36paHHoMY nSlTa'lKY.
3aTeM >KypaBJIH BbICTpOHTCH B Kpy1KOK H 3aMpYT.
Tenepb B Kpyr BbIXO.D.HT .l{Ba cTapbIx 1KypaBJIH.
BOT OHH ocaHHCTO H CTaTHO npOlIIJIHCb nepe.D.
«3pHTeJIHMH», a 3aTeM, BbITHHYB lIIeH, BeCeJIO
Ha'lHYT nO.D.CKaKHBaTb, pacnycKaH nepbH H KHBaH
roJIOBaMH. nepe.l{HHe pH.l{bI «anJIO.l{HpyIOT» (6bIOT
KpbIJlbHMH). YCJIbIlIIaB «.anJI0.D.HCMeHTbI», TaH O-
pbI nycKaIDTCH BnpHCH.l{KY, Tpy6H «rpaJIH-rpaJIH».
HM Ha CMeHY npHXO.D.HT .l{pyrue TOKYIO He >KY-
paBJIH. 11 TaK - nap 3a napoH. A KOr.l{a CTeMHe-
132
eT, CTaH lUYMHO CHHMaeTCH C TOKOBlUlI.a H nOCTe-
neHHO paCna.l{aeTCH.
A eCJIH nOH.l{eTe nporyJIHTbCH no JIeCHOH BbI-
PYOKe, TO BCTpeTHTeCb CO CMOpqKaMH. HHqerO,
qTO HX lUJIHnK'H nOllOoHbI CKOMKaHHbIM nqeJIHHbIM
cOTaM, 3aTO npH3eMHcTbIe HQ}KKH 6eJIbI KaK CHer.
3TO CMOpqOK OObIKHoBeHHbIH, HacTOHrn.HH rpHo-
nO.l{cHeLKHHK, .l{aLKe TaJIOH BO.ll.OM naXHeT. TaKHx
CMOpqKOB MHoro Ha 3aTeHeHHbIX nOJIHHaX, B
XBOHHHKax B.l{OJIb TponoK H Ha npoceKax.
A B CYMpaqHbIX KpenHX OTCHLKHBaIOTCH l1.PyrHe
rpHobl, OHH 0Y.l{TO npOCTpO'leHbI Ha lUBeMHOM Ma-
lUHHe - BCH lUJIHnKa B npOl1.0JIbHbIX CKJIa.l{Kax.
HmKKa Y HHX 6eJIaH, KopOTKaH, TPy6qaTaH. 3TO
rpH6 CTPOqOK. B OCHHHHKax OH CBeTJIO-KOpHqHe-
BbIH, B oepe3HHKax-noTeMHee. CTPOqKH, npeLK-
.l{e qeM LKapHTb, CJIe.l{yeT OTBapHTb, TaK KaK OHH
CO.l{ep>KaT Hl1.0BHTYIO reJIbBeJIJIOBYIO KHCJIOTY.
B JIecy MOLKeTe cnyrHYTb 3aHlI.a-6emiKa. OH
B anpeJIe yLKe CMeHHJI CBOIO TenJIyIO 6eJIYIO lUy6-
KY Ha JIerKYIO cepo-6ypyIO. n06JIH30CTH MorYT
OKa3aTbCH Hero .l{eTl<:H. OHM nOHB.TIHIOTCH, KaK
TOJIbKO nOBeeT anpeJIbCKHM TeUJIOM. Hx ern.e 30-
ByT «HaCTOBHKaMH», nOTOMY 'lTO OHH pOBeCHHKH
JIe.l{HHoro HaCTa. A B OTKpbITOM nOJIe, ern.e nyc-
TOM H HeYIOTHOM, B anpeJIe MOLKHO BCTpeTHTb
3anll.a-pycaKa. Ero Mex YLKe pbILKeeT. TOJIbKO
XBOCT KaK H npeLK.l{e '1epHbIn y OCHOBaHHH. lI.eTe-
HhIlUeH B anpeJIe y Hero ern.e HeT.
MaH nopaLKaeT 6bICTpOH CMeHOH cpeHocpa3.
OKpYLKaIOrn.HH Hac paCTHTeJIbHbIH MHp MeHHeTCH
Ha fJIa3ax. U,BeTYT rOJIbIe HceHH, KJIeHbI, pa3Bep-
TblBaIOTCH KJIeHKHe JIHCTO'lKH pH6HHbI, TOnOJIH,
Bep6b1, OJIbXH, 3eJIeHeeT 6epe3a. PacnYCKaIO aH-
CH 3eJIeHb 6JIaroyxaeT. npeKpaCHaH, HO He.l{OJI-
raH nopa. KaK TOJIbKO nJIaCTHHKH JIHCTO'lKOB pa3-
133
pacTyTcH, CMOJIHCTbIH nOKpOB HC'Ie3aeT, a C HHM
H BeCb BeceHHHH apOMaT.
npO.l{OmKaIOT npHJIeTaTb nTHUbI. nOCJIe.l{HHH
311IeJIOH nepHaTbIX CTpaHHHKOB npH6blBaeT BO
BTOpOH nOJIOBHHe MaH. Cpe.l{H HHX COJIOBbH, Ka.
MbIllIeBKH, JIaCTO'lKH, CTpH:>KH.
B Mae ycaLKHBaIOTCH Ha fHe3.l{a pH6'1HKH. PH-
6YllIKH BbIKaribIBaIOT IIO.l{ HH3KHM JIalIHHKOM HM-
KH, HaTaCKHBaIOT TY.l{a CYXHX 6bIJIHHOK H yca>KH-
BaIOTCH, 3aTaHBllIHCb. HHCTHHKT MaTepHHCTBa
y HHX HCKJIIOqHTeJIbHO npoqeH. OHH He CJIeTaIOT
C rHe311 .l{aLKe TOr.l{a, KOr.l{a KTO-TO IIpOH.l{eT CO-
BceM pHllOM.
DOpO.l{aqH rJIyxapH, 3aKOHqHB MOJIO.l{eUKHe CO-
CTH3aHHH, y.l{aJIHIOTC}I B '1a o6bI. TaM OHH H lIe-
peJIHHHIOT, CM HHB IIO HlIaHHbIe B COCTH3aHHHX
IIepbH Ha HOBbIe. rHe3.l{a .l{JIH KJIa.l{KH HHIl H Bbl-
CHLKHBaHHH pa3Me aIOT B YKPOMHbIX MeCTax. Te-
TepKH YCTpaHBtlIOTcH IIO.l{JIe BbIpy60K HJIH B6JIH-
3H IIOJIeH.
Y IIO.l{TOnJIeHHbIX n06epeLl<HH MOLKHO BCTpeTHTb
JIHCY. BellIHHH TaJIaH BO.l{a BblroHHeT H3 HOp MbI-
rneK, H II03TOMY JIHCa TYT KaK Tyr. H CHYJIYIO
pbl6y He npOIIYCTHT. TaWHT Bce - nOJIeBOK, JIH-
rYllIeK, 3aHQaT, XOpbKOB, ropHOCTaeB, TeTepeBHT.
Y Hee B Hope IIplinJIOll - C nOJI.l{IOLKHHbl weHHT.
KOpMHTb '1eM-TO Ha.l{O. BOT H Ta HT.
lI.JIH Tex, KTO JII06HT BCTpe'laTb BeCHOIO nTllU,
He6e3bIHTepecHo 6Y.l{eT 3HaTb, QTO pa3JIHQaIOT
llIeCTb BOJIH B03BpaTa nepHaTbIx.
nepBaH BOJIHa. Ewe .l{O npOTaJIHH npH6bIBalOT
rpa'lH. CHa'laJIa nOHBJIHIOTCH OT.l{eJIbHbIe OC06H,
a 3aTeM H CTaH. B IIOPy nepBbIX nOllBH>KeK .'1b.l{a
nOHBJIHIOTCH yTHHbIe CTaH. 3a HHMH npHJIeTa-
lOT CKBOPUbI, >KaBOpOHKH, 3eJIeHYllIKH, KOHon-
",'1HHKH.
134
B lIOJIOBO.l{be, pa3JIHB TaJIblX BO.l{ Ha nOHMax H
60JIOTaX npHJIeTaeT BTopaH BOJIHa nepHaTblX:
3H6JIHKH, 6eJIbie TpHcorY3KH, JIeCHbie 3aBHpYIIlKH,
JIyroBble KOHbKH H 3apHHKH. Ha 60JIOTaX H BOAO-
XpaHHJIH aX lIOHBJIHIOTCH qo ra, rarapa, cepaH
l(anJIH, BblIIb, JKypaBJIH, rYCH, KPHKBbl, CBHH3H,
qHPKH, KpaCHOrOJIOBble HbIPKH, XOXJIaTaH qep-
HeTb, rOrOJIb, qaHKH, qH6l!CbI. Co BTOpOH BOJIHOH
lIpH6blBaeT 60JIblIlOH KpOHIllHen, 6eKac H BaJIbA-
IIlHelI.
BCJIe.l{ 3a IVle.'!KHMH nTHl(aMH lIpHJIeTaIOT XH -
HHKH - calIC3H, lIYCTeJIbra, JIYHp, CKOlIa, Capblq.
OHH OXOTHTC5I 3a rpb13YHaMH.
Bo BTOpOH lIOJIOBHHe anpeJIH, KOr.l{a nOJIH H
JIyra l(eJIHKOM oCBo60LK.l{aIOTCH OT CHera, Tpora-'
IOTCH B pOCT TpaBbl H lIp06YLKAaIOTCH HaceKOMble,
npH6blBaeT TpeTbH BOJIHa lIepHaTblX - JIeCHbie
KOHbKH, neHOqKH-T.eHbKOBKH, BapaKYIllKH, LKeJI-
Tble TpHcorY3KH, KYJIHKH-lIepeB03qHKH, MaJIble
3YHKH.
C '1eTBepTOH BOJIHOH (B lIepBble .l{Be HeAeJIH
MaH) lIpH6bIBaIOT HaceKOMOHAHble BH.l{bl nTHl(:
ropHXBOCTKa, MYXOJIOBKa-lIeCTpYIllKa, neHOqKa-
BeCHHqKa, lIeHOqKa-TpeIll.OTKa, JIaCTOqKa (KacaT-
Ka, rOpO.l{CKaH, 6eperOBaH), KYKYIllKa, JIyroBoH
qeKaH, MaJIaH MYXOJIOBKa, BepTHlIleHKa, Typyx-
TaH.
K KOHl(Y MaH 3aKaHqHBaeTCH IIHTaH BOJIHa npH-
6bITH5I lITHO:. npHJIeTaIOT CJIaBKH (cepaH, qepHO.
rOJIOBaH, caAOBaH), cepaH MYXOJIOBKa, 3eJIeHaH
lIepeCMelllKa, HBOJIra, copOKonYT-LKYJIaH, COJIOBeH,
KaMblllleBKa-6apcyqKa, YAO.l{, .l{epraq, peqHaH
KpaqKa, CTpHLK.
K lIepBblM qHCJIaM HIOHH 3aKaHqHBaeTCH wec-
TaH BOJIHa lIpHJIeTa lIepHaTblX. nOCJIeAHHMH lIPH-
JIeTaIOT HCTpe6HHbie CJIaBKH, .l{p03.l{OBHAHble, 60-
135
JIOTHble H ca.l{OBbIe KaMblIUeBKH, KaMblIUeBKH-
CBepQKH,
HapOJl.Hble npHMeTbi 0 nOrOJl.e
lI.JIHHHbIe COCYJIbKH - K .l{OJIrOH BeCHe.
CHer TaeT 6bICTpO H BO.l{a 6e>KHT .l{PY>KHO -
K MOKPOMY JIeTY.
nepBbIH rpOM npH ceBepHOM BeTpe - BeCHa
XOJIOAHaH, npH BOCTO'lHOM - cyxaH, npH 3a-
naAHOM - MOKpaH, npH IO>KHOM - TenJIaH,
BarpOBbIe 30pH - K BeTpaM.
3apH Ha BOCXO.l{e H 3aKaTe COJIHua 30JIOTHCTaH
HJIH CBeTJIO-p030BaH - K HCHOH norOAe.
MeCHU pO>KKa H BHH3 - K TenJIY.
KOJIbUO BOKpyr JIYHbI - K BeTPY.
CBepKHeT MOJIHH5I paHHeH DeCHOH, a rpOM8 He
CJIblIUHO - JIeTO 6Y.l{eT CYXHM.
06JIaKa nJIbIBYT BbICOKO - K xopoIUeH noro-
Ae. CHHHe 06JIaKa - K TenJIY H .l{O>K.l{IO.
COJIHue KpaCHO 3aXO.l{HT - K BeTpy.
BecHoIO JIeTHT MHoro naYTHHbI - JIeTO 6YAe't
>KapKHM. .
lb 6epe3bI Te'leT MHoro COK8 - K .l{O>K.l{JIH-
BOMY JIeTY.
lI.y6 nepe.l{ HceHeM JIHCT nYCTHT - K CyXOMY
JIeTY.
PaHHHH npHJIeT >KaBOpOHKOB - K TenJI-OH no-
rOAe.
)KaBopoHKa He CJIbIXaTb C caMOH 3apH - K
.l{O>KAIO HJIH I1JIOXOH noro.l{e.
lI.HKHe YTKH BeCHOH npHJIeTeJIH >KHpHbIe -
BeCHa npe.l{CTOHT XOJIO.l{HaH H AO.'1raH.
JIe6e.l{H nOKH.l{aIOT nOJIbIHbIO H paCXO.l{HTCH no
npYAaM - K TenJIY.
rYCH BbICOKO JIeTHT - 6Y.l{eT MHoro BO.l{bI,
HH3KO - MaJIO.
136
BOpOHbI KynalOTcH paHHeH BeCHOH - K Ten-
JIY.
nTHUbI BbIOT rHe3.l1.a Ha COJIHe'lHOH CTopOHe -
K XOJIO.l{HOMy JIeTY.
KYKYillKa KYKyeT Ha CyXOM .l{epeBe - K MO-
P03Y.
COJIOBeH 3aneJI - BO.l{a nOillJIa Ha y6bIJIb..
nOHBJIeHHe MOJIO.l{blX naY'lKOB - K TenJIOH Be-
ceHHeH norO.l{Et.
MHoro xpy eM BeCHOIO - K 3acyxe.
I1IOHb - nopa 6yiiHoro UBeTeHHH, MecSlU nTeH-
UOB. Y HeKOTopbIX nTHU BbIBO.l{OK yLKe no.l{pOC,
OnepHJICH. r..pa'laTa TaK H HOpOBHT H3 rHe3.l1.a BbI-
Kapa6KaTbCH. KOH'IaeTCH .l{eTCKHM B03paCT y raJI-
qaT H CKBopqaT.
3Ta nopa Tpe6yeT THillHHbI. n03TOMY, YXO.l{H
B JIec, OCTaBbTe .l1.0Ma TpaH3HCTOpbi. nOCJlYillaHTe
THillHHY H nnu . «CTaHbTe B TeHb, CTaHbTe B
TeHb!» - noeT neHo'lKa-Ky3He'lHK. «KYCTHK nyc-
THT, KYCTHK nYCTHT?» - KaK 6bI cnpalIIHBaeT
'1e'leBHua, KpacHorpY.l{aH nTaillKa. A H3 KOJIOCHC-
.TOM pLKH CJIbIIIIHTCH 1nO.l{b-noii.l1.eM, nO.l1.b-noH-
.l1.eM!» nepeneJIa.
COJIOBbH yJKe He CJIblUIHO. Pa.l{OBaJI OH Hac B
nopy 06>KHBaHHSI rHe3.l{a. A B HIOBe y Hero CJIHill-
KOM MHoro XJIOnOT C nOTOMCTBOM.
C Cepe.l{HHbI mOHH HallHHaeTCSI ceHOKOC H .l{JIHT-
CH MeCHU.
nOpa.l1.yeT nyTeillecTBeHHHKOB nocneBaIO aH
3eMJIHHHKa. PYMHHble HrO.l1.bI CBHcalOT KpaCHbIMH
KanJIHMH. CHHMaTb HrO.l{y Ha.l{O mi6 ) YTp6M, no-
Ka He paCKaJIHJICH B03.l{YX (H3HypeHHaH 51pKHM
COJIHueM, OHa 6bICTpO YBH.l1.aeT, CTaHOBHTCH yn-
JIOI r H LKeCTKOH), JIH60 BO BTOpOM nOJIOBHHe .l{HH,
Kor.l{a COJIHue Y>Ke 3aH.l1.eT H Cna.l{aeT >Kapa.
137
COOHpaTb HrO.n.y paHHHM YTPOM'TO>Ke He Ha.n.o.
ECJIH ee CHHTb C pOCOH, TO OHa paCKHCHeT B .l{0-
pore.
3eMJIHHHKY H HTe Ha npOCTOpHblX nOJIHHax.
TaM eM JIerKO .n.bIlliHTCH.
OcooeHHo MHoro ee B cepe.n.HHe HIOJIH.
A BOT .l{HKaH KJIYOHHKa npH'IeTCH B BbICOKHX
TpaBax Ha BJIa:>KHbIX nO'lBaX, MaJIHHa - B 3apoc-
JIHX KpanHBbl_
HaH.l{eTe H rpHObl. B HIOHe MHoro JIHCHIJeK,
no.n.OCHHOBHKOB, omIT. B HIOJIe Y>Ke .n.03peBaeT
'1epHHKa. Ha JIyrax CTora-COKpOBeHHbIe naMHT-
HHKH' 3BOHKOMY JIeTY. ll.BeTeT JIHna. BOBCIO pa:
OOTaIOT n'leJIbI. 3TO caMaH :>KapKaH .l{JIH HHX no-
pa. B Jlecy Macca rpHOOB. B eJIbHHKaX HaH.l{eTe
.MaCJIHT, B CMelliaHHbIX JIecax - nO.l{OCHHOBHKH,
pH.l{OBHKH, JIHCHIJKH, CbIpoe:w.:KH.
B ca.n.ax nocneBaeT BHlliHH, C03peBaeT CMOpO-
.l{HHa.
B JIeCHblX ce'lax H HrOAHHKax MO:w.:HO BCTpe-
THTbCH C BbIBO.l{KOM rJIyxapeH. rJIyxapHTa XO.l{Hf
3a Hace.n.KOH no nHTaM..CJI1i '1YBCTJ3YlOT co CTO-
pOHbI '1TO-TO HaCTOpa}KHBaIO ee. A ycnoKoHB-
lliHCb, pa30eraIOTcH, H YT nO.IKHBY, pa.n.YlOTCH
TpO(peHM.
B 3TOT MOMeHT OHH nOXO.IKH Ha neCTpble KYB-
lliHHbI, nO'leMy-To OKa3aBlliHeCH B JIecy: BCH
CTaTb rJIyxapHT npHnO.l{HHTa, llieH BbITHHyTbI.
no OOJIOTaM H KYCTapHHKaM, Ha XJIeOHbIX HH-
Bax BCTpeTHTeCb C KyponaTKaMH. n'l'eHII.bI KYPO-
naTOK HanOMHHaIOT nYXOBble KOMO'lKH, KOTOpbIe
npHpO.l{a paCKpaCHJIa CMeCbIO OYPbIX, >KeJITbIX H
'1epHbIX IIITpHXOB. 3a60TJIHBaH MaMa OTblCKHBaeT
HM He.IKHbIX ryceHHII., KYKOJIOK. n03.IKe, KOr.l{a
Ha'lHeT .l{03peBaTb paCTHTeJIbHblH KOpM, OHH oy-
.l{YT JIaKOMHTbCH HM. lI.HeM KyponaTKH npH'IyTcH
138
B 6YPbHHe, a Be'lepOM BbIJIeTaIOT Ha KOpMe>KKY.
H Be.u,eT HX OnblTHbrH neTYX. B03Bpa aIOTCH
n03.n.HO Be'lepOM, Y>Ke 3aTeMHO. BbI MO:>KeTe YBH-
.n.eTb, KaK cTallKa 3ana.l{aeT Ha JIe>KKY npHMO C
B03.l{yxa. H HHKaKHX CJIe.l{OB! XH HHKY He TaK
JIerKO BbICJIe.n.HTb JIe>KKY KyponaToK, pa3Be '1TO
CJIY'IaHHO HaTKHeTCH.
A Ha KPYTbIX He.l{OCTynHbIx 6eperax B fHe3.u,ax-
Hopax B3pOCJIeIOT nTeHI.{br 6eperoBbix JIaCTO'leK.
JIa.n.Hbre H JIOBKHe 6eperoByrnKH npHBJIeKaIOT
BHHMaHHe npOXO>KHX.
B nepBpH TpeTH aBrYCTa Y>Ke eCTb npH3HaKH
nepeJIOMa ce30Ha. Ha JIyrax H B3ropKax 3aMeTHO
>KYXHeT pa3HOTpaBbe, llleprnaBHTCH nepeCneJIbIe
3.lIaKH, YCblxaIOT rOJIOBKH KJIeBepa, CTapeeT 3Be-
p060H. Poca Ha TpaBbl Bbmal(aeT ry e, HO'IHOH
BeTepOK CTaHOBHTCH CBe>Kee, 3aMeTHO y6bIBaeT
CBeT: l(HH - KOpO'Ie, HOIlH - .l{JIHHHee. H He-
CMOTpH Ha TO, '1TO JIeTO YXOl(HT, Ha npHpo.u,e -
He MeHee HHTepeCHO. Pa.l{yeT rJIa3 KY.l{pHBaH PH-
6HHa C nO.l{KparneHHbIMH KHCTHMH nJIo.u,OB, Py.
MHHaH 6Y3HHa C JIOXMaTbIMH BeTBHMH, nOXO>KHMH
Ha KOpa,7IJIOBbie O>KepeJIbH. B no BpeMH MO>KeTe
CTOJIKHYTbCH C JIHCHTaMH, KOTOpblM Y>Ke He CH-
.l{HTCH B Hopax. npaB.l{a, BbIrJIH.l{HT OHH 6Y.l{HH'I-
HO, He6poCKO. B aBrYCTe OHH MeHHIOT TeMHbIH Mex
Ha 6YPbIiL
Pa3HOTpaBbe paCnal(KOB H JIarYH .l{YPMaHHT 3a-
naxaMH erue I.{BeTyruHX TpaB. TYT H npHHblH 3anax
.l{HrHJIH, JI e.l{Ba CJIbIlllHblH C rOp'lHHKOH 3anax
tJepH06blJIbHHKa, H TOMHTeJIbHblH apOMaT Ta.
Bo.nrH.
B JIecy H Ha nOHMax MO>KeTe BCT.peTHTb CTa.n.a
Ka6aHOB. MOJIOl(ble Ka6aHtJHKH yme TepHIOT .l{eT-
CKHH BOJIOC H MeHHIOT CBOIO nOJIOCaTYIO «nH>Ka-
MY» Ha TeMHbIH rueTHHHcTblH «3HnYH».
, t}
.l1JIH Tex, KTO JIeTOM npOBo,aHT Ha npHpo,ae Bbl-
xo,aHble ,aHH HJIH c06HpaeTCH npOBeCTH OTnYCK
B noxo,ae, HanOMHHaeM HeKOTopble Hapo,aHble
npHMeTbl, 0 noro.l{e llJIH noro BpeMeflH ro,aa.
3a CYTKH-.l{Boe nepe.l{ .l{OLK.l{eM Ha JIHCTbHX
KOHCKOro KalliTaHa BH.l{Hbl «CJIe3bI» (JIHnKHe
KaneJIbKH, COKa).
BeTpa HeT, a JIec lliYMliT - K .l{OLK.l{IO.
O.l{YBaH'IHK CLKHMaeT 'CBOH lliap - K .l{OLK.l{IO.
YTpOM TpaBa cyxaH -' K HO'IH OLKH,aaIOT
.l{OLK.l{H.
1l.BeTbI CHJIbHee naXHYT nepe.l{ .l{OLK.l{eM.
Bop06bH B nblJIH KynaIOTC5I - K .l{OLK,D.IO.
Bopo6bH JIeTaIOT KY'IaMH - K CYXOH H HCHOH
noro,ae.
BOpOHbI no.l{ TY'IH B3BHBaIOTCH - K HeHaCTbIO
BopoHbI XOXJIHTCH - K HenOrO.l{e.
faJIKH CT'aHMH JIeTHT - K .l{OLK,aIO.
- fOJIy6H pa3BOpKOBaJIHCb - YCTaHOBHTCH Be,a-
po.
fOJIy6H npH'IYTCH - HcnopTHTCH noro,aa.
KYJIHK OCTaBJIHeT 60JIOTO H JIeTHT no nOJIIO -
Ha HCHYIO noro.l{Y.
JIacTOqKH JIeTaIOT HH3KO - K .l{OLK.l{IO H BeTpy.
JIacTO'lKH nopxaIOT Ha.l{ BO,D.OH - K ,aOLK.l{IO.
JIacTO'lKH JIeTaIOT BblCOKO - K BellPY.
JIacTO'lKH JIeTaIOT TO BBepx, TO BHH3 - nepe.l{
6ypeH.
MeJIKHe nTalliKH npH'IYTCH .l{HeM B fHe3,aax -
K .l{OLK.l{IO.
COJIOBeH BCIO HO% noeT HeYMOJIqHO - nepe,D.
Be.l{peHHbiM .l{HeM.
CTpHLKH JIeTalOT HH3KO H C KPHKOM-K .lI.OLK,aIO.
LIaHKH MHoro KynaIOTcH - K HeHaCTbIO.
HOqHaH 6a60'lKa. 3aJIeTaeT B H36Y-K XOJIO,D.-
HOMY BeTpy.
140
)KYKH JIeraIOT Be'lepOM - K xopolIleii noro.l{e,
KOnOlIlaTCH B KY'IaX, He B3JIeTaH - nepe.l{ He-
HaCTbeM.
KOMapbI H MOlIlKH CTOJI60M - K Be.l{PY.
Be'lepoM CHJIbHO CTpeKO'lYT K)'3He'lHKH - K
xopOlIleH noro,ne.
MOlIlKH JIe3YT B JIHLlO - Ha ,nO>K,nb.
MypaBbH npH'IYTCH B CBOH KY'IH -- K rp03e
HJIH CHJIbHOMY .l{O>K.l{IO.
KOMapbI KycaIOT CHJIbHee 06bIKHOBeHHoro, a
MYXH .l{eJIaIOTCH .l{OK)''1JIHBee - K rp036.
OaYK-KpeCTOBHK npH 3axo,ne cOJlHLla CH.l{HT B
CBoeH naYTHHe -- cyxaH noro,na Bnepe,nH.
OaYK 3a6HJICH B yrOJI - K BeTpy.
OaYK He.l{BH>KHM nOCpe.l{H naYTIjHbI - K Heno-
rO.l{e.
OaYK Be'lepOM cnYCKaeTCH - K TenJIY,
OaYK yCHJIeHHO. nJIeTeT ceTH - K CYXOH no-
ro,ne.
IJ.HKa,nbI Be'lepOM CHJIbHO CTpeKO'lyr - K no-
rO>KeMY ,nHIO.
(Ka6bI BbInOJI3aIOT Ha .l{OpO>KKH K Be'lepy. a
TO H .l{HeM - K .l{O>K.l{IO.
JIHrYlIlKH no CYlIle npblraIOT - K ,nO>K,nIO.
-- JI HrYIIIKH B Bo,ne CH,nHT -- K CYXOH noro,ne.
JIHrylIlKH 3aJIHBHCTO KBaKaIOT Be'lepOM - Ha
HCHyro noro,ny, KpHKJIHBO - K .l{O>K.l{IO.
PbI6a nO.l{npbIrHBaeT .l{HeM - nepe.l{ .l{O>K.l{eM.
PbI6a He KJIIOeT - nepe.l{ .l{O>K.l{eM.
PaKH Ha 6eper BbIXO,nHT -- nepe.l{ ,nO>K,neM H
HeHaCTbeM.
KpOTbI BbI6paCbIBaIOT 3eMJIH 60JIblIle 06bI'IHO-
ro - K .l{O>K,nIO.
3eMJIHHbIe '1epBH BbInOJI3aIOT HapY>KY - K He-
HaCTbIO.
Y>K Ha ,nopore rpeeTCH - nepe,n .l{O>K,neM.
141
- OpeXOB 06HJIbHO, a rpH60B MaJIO - 3HMa 6y-
.l{eT CHe>KHaH H cypOBaH.
- nOHBHJICSI oneHOK - JIeTO KOH'IHJIOCb.
He MeHee YBJIeKaTeJIbHaSi nopa AJISI TYPHCTOB
oceHb. CeHTH6pb SlBJISIeTCH Me>KOH .l{BYX ce30HOB,
XOTH H nOHBJIHIOTCH oceHHHe nplf3HaKH, HO eme
nO-JIeTHeMY >KapKO. H Bce >Ke BCKope 3aJIa.l{HT
6HcepHbIe AO>KAH. nOHeMHory CbmJIeTCH nOMepT-
BeJIbIH JIHCT, 6epe3bI Ha onYlliKe >KeJITeIOT, necT-
peeT, 6arpoBeeT JIHCTBeHHbIH JIec. BJIeKHeT, 6y-
peeT XBOH Ha CTapbIX n06erax eJIeH. B nO.l{JIeCKe
C03peBaIOT nJIOAbI 6HpIO'IHHbI, 6Y3HHbI, 6epeCKJIe-
Ta, 60HpbIllIHHKa. )I\eJITbIM nJiaMeHeM nOJIbIXaeT
KpOHa KJIeHa. npeKpa aeTcH BereTaUHH TpaB.
nOBTOpHO 3aUBeTaIOT JIyroBbIe TpaBbI (o,nYBaH-
'1HK, nO.l{OpO>KHHK, KJIeBep, '1HCTOTeJI). Oc06eHHo
BO BpeMH nporYJIOK H nOXOAOB BbIXOAHoro AHSI
3aMeTHO, KaK noy6aBHJIOCb MYX, CJIenHeH, KOMa-
pOB-KycaK. H,nYT nOCJIe.l{HHe .l{HH 60pb6bI JIeTa
C oceHbIO. H BOT Y>Ke 3a «6a6bHM JIeTOM» Ha'lHHa-
eTCH oceHb B «'1HCTOM BHAe». rOTOBHTCH K OTJIeTY
nTHUbI. OT6bIBaIOT Ha lOr neBlIHe nTHUbI H, B nep-
BYIO O'lepeAb, HaceKOMOSlAHbIe. Te, KOTopbIe nH-
TaIOTCH ceMeHaMH COpHHKOB, HrOAaMH, e e 3a-
Aep>KHBaIOTCH. n03TOMY BO BpeMSI npory.1'\OK '1ac-
TO MO>KHO BH.l{eTb CTaH Ap03.l{OB, CKBOpUOB. H BOT
BbI 06panne BHHMaHHe, '1TO HC'Ie3JIH KYKYllIKH,
KaMbIllIaHKH, 3apSlHKH. A nOTOM HC'Ie3HYT H XH -
HHKH - KOPllIYHbI, HCTpe6bI, COKOJIbI, CKona. OHH
YJIeTaIOT nOO.lI.HHOLJKe, OCTaJIbHbIe nTHUbI - CTaH-
MH... H OCTalOTCSI Ha 3eMJIe llIypllIa He JIHCTbH,
CKB03HT BepllIHHbI TOnOJIeH H OCHH, neCTpeIOT pe-
,neIO He KpOHbI BSl30B H KJIeHOB.
Te nTHUbI, KOTopbIe OCTaIOTCH, cnelliaT c.n:eJIaTb
3anaCbI Ha 3HMY, BbI MO>KeTe YBH.l{eTb, KaK 03a-
14?
60QeHHO cHyeT no CY'IbHM nOnOJI3eHb, npH'Ia npH-
naCbl, KaK XJIOnO'leT KpynHas:t H KpHKJIHBaH nTHlI.a
COMKa. OHa c06HpaeT >KeJIy,nH H paCCOBblBaeT HX
no,nJIe KOMJIeM ,nepeBbeB. DOCMOTpHTe, KaK OHa
OCTOpO>KHa. )I\eJIy,nH npH'IeT noon MOX, KO'IKH
(CBOH TaMHHKH paCKpbIBaeT TOJIbKO nOCJIe Toro.
KaK y6e,nHTCs:t. '1TO HHKoro HeT). Ka>K,naH COMKa
YCTpaHBaeT OKOJIO ,nBYX C nOJIOBHHOM TblCHQ TaM-
HHKOB. Tpy,nHTCH OHa C KOHlI.a aBrYCTa ,no HOH6-
pH. H TOJIbKO '1aCTb 3THX 3anaCOB ,nOCTaHeTCH eM,
a JIbBHHaH ,nOJIH nona,neT Ka6aHaM, KYHHlI.aM,
MbIlliaM. TH>KeJIOBaTO npH.l{eTCH nTHlI.e, eCJIH Bbl-
na.l{eT MHoro CHera. He .l{06paTbcH .l{0 3aKpOMOB.
BOT Tor,na H HY>KHa nOMo b '1eJIOBeKa. YXO,nH Ha
JIbl>KHYIO IJPorYJIKY, npHxBaTHTe C C060M 3epeH,
KpollieK H DOnOJIHHTe 3anaCbI KopMYllIeK, KOTopble
tlbl YCTpaHBaJIH rJIy60KoM oceHbIO.
YKpblBaeTCH B HOpbl H JIOrOBa BCH >KHBHOCTb.
CeeT MeJIKHM ,nO>K,nb. Ha 3eMJIe MOKHYT onaBllIHe
JIHCTbH, 3aTeM BCe nOKpoeT CHer.
DporYJIKH H noxo,nbl BbIxo,nHoro ,nHH 3HMOio
no-cBoeMy HHTepeCHbI. B JIecax 3HMyeT MHoro
nTHlI.. 1I.aJIeKO CJIblllIHO, KaK CTY'IHT .l{HTeJI. DOHa-
6JIIO.l{aMTe H Bbl YBH.l{HTe, '1TO OH He O.l{HH. C HHM
rOJIOCHCTaH «CBHTa» (CHHH'IKH, JIa30peBKH, no-
nOJI3HH, nH YXH). )J,HTeJI 06bl'lHO Bbl6HpaeT
60JIbHbIe ,nepeBbH, B KOTOpblX npH'IeTCH MHorO
HaceKOMbIX. OH BblrOHHeT HX H3 y6e>KH CTYKOM
CBoero KJIIOBa 0 CTBOJI. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, '1TO
«CBHTa» peTHBO HCCJIe,nyeT Ka>K.l{YIO BeTO'lKY. HH-
KTO He YM.l{eT OT ee 30pKHX rJIa3. KpblJIaTble ca-
HHTapbl .l{eJIaIOT CBoe ,neJIo.
o MHorOM paCCKa>KYT CJIe.l{bl Ha cHery. Eho
I1.eJIaH KHHra 0 >KH3HH 06HTaTeJIeM JIeca.
B cypoBble H cHero06HJIbHble 3HMbl OHH HY>K-
.l{aIOTCH B nOMO H CO CTOpOHbl '1eJIOBeKa. ErepH
J43
'"
nOD,CKa)KYT TypIlCTaM, D,JIH .KOrO, qTO II KOr.ll.a 3a-
rOTOBHTb, KaK nO.ll.aTb. ,UJlH 3aHUeB, HanpIlMep, B
HaqaJIe HIOHH 3anaCaIOT 6epe30Bble, .lI.y6oBbIe,
HCeHeBbie HJlII JlHnOBble BeHHKH C MOJlOD,OH JlHCT-
BOH, cymaT B CapaHX, HeCKOJIbKO pa3 06pbl3rHBaH
COJleHOH BOAOH. OXOTHO C'beAHT 3aHUbI H cyme-
Hble BeTKH pH6HHbl, MaJIHHbl H .lI.a)Ke TOnOJIH
HJIH 6epe3bI. 11, KOHeqHO, 3a JIaKOMCTBO COq-
TyT JIeCHOe JIyroBoe ceHO.
Ha KOpM JlOCHM nO.l{py6aIOT MOJIOD,bIe OCHHbI
Ha BblCOTe MeTp-nOJITOpa OT 3eMJIH. JII06HT OHH
BeTKH pH6HHbl H COCHbI.
,UJIH Ka6aHOB MO)KHO OCTaBHTb CBeKJIY, TYP-
Henc, )KeJIY.ll.H, )KMbIXH. HY)KHa )KHBOTHbIM H COJIb
B BII.l{e JIH3YHua Ha nHHX. f1THuaM, nOM HMO 3epeH
H KpomeK, MO)KHO pa3BeCHTb KYCOqKH HeCOJIeHO-
ro caJIa:
A pbl6e 3HMOIO He BCer.ll.a XBaTaeT KHCJIOpOAa.
TYPHCTY He COCTaBHT TpY.ll.a npo6HTb npopy6b, a
pbl6e 3TO nOMOlll.b.
BeCHoIO HallHeTCH HOBblH Kpyr Ha6JIIO.lI.eHHH.
A nOKa npH.lI.eT BeCHa, 3HMOIO TypIlCTY npHrO.ll.HT-
CH HapO.lI.Hble npHMeTbI 0 3HMHej;i noroD,e:
Bop06bH npHqyrcH B XBOpOCT - Ha MOp03 HJlH
nepe.ll. MeTeJIbIO.
BopoHa KPHqHT - K MeTemL
BopoHa npHqeT KJIIOB noD, KpbIJIO-K XOJIOD,y.
BOpOHbl H raJIKH BbIOTCH B B03)1yxe - nepe.l{.
CHerOM.
BOpOHbl II raJIKH ca.11.HTCH Ha BcpmHHbl .lI.e-
peBbeB - K MOP03Y, Ha HH)KHHe BeTKII - K
BeTpy, Ha 3eMJlIO - K OTTeneJIH.
faJlKII Ha Be'lep co6HpaIOTcH rYPb60H H KPH-
qaT - K HCHOH norO.l{e.
CopOKa nOA 3acTpexy Jle3eT - K BbIOre.
Y 3aHueB llIepCTb no6eJIeJIa - 3HMa 6JIH3Ka,
144
3 a ih.lbI .l{ p>KaTCH OKOJIO >KHJIbH - K MOpO-
3aM.
rYCH JIOnaIOT KpblJIbHMH, nOJIO YTCH - K
TenJIY.
rYCb JIany no,n>KHMaeT - K CTY>Ke.
KopoBa conHT H cpbIpKaeT: 3HMOM - K MOpO-
3Y, JIeTOM - K ,nO>K.l{IO.
KOlilKa CTeHY .l{epeT - K HenOrO.l{e.
KYPbI Ha O,nHOM Hore CTOHT - K CTY>Ke.
KYPbI paHo Ha HaceCT Ca.l{HTCH - K MOP03Y.
JIollIa,nb JIO>KHTCH Ha CHer nepe,n TenJIOM, a
nepe,n MOp030M CTOHT.
Co6aKH KaTaIOTCH: 3HMOM-K cHery, JIeTOM-
K ,nO)J{,nIO.
D.bIM H3 Tpy6bI CTOJI60M - K MOP03Y, KOpO-
MblCJIOM - K TenJIY.
D.bIM H3 Tpy6b1 CTeJIeTCH no 3eMJIe 6e3 BeT-
pa - K cHery HJIH ,nO>K.l{IO.
SICH3S1 3apH 3HMOIO - K MOP03Y.
3Be3.l{bI CHJIbHO 6JIeCTHT - K MOP03Y, JIe-
TOM - K >Kape.
D.epeBbSl nOKpblJIHCb HHeeM - K TenJIY.
f1epe.l{ CHJIbHbIM MOp030M BOKpyr JIYHbI BH,n-
HO .lI.Ba (HJIH O.l{HH) TYCKJIbIX KpaCHOBaTbiX
Kpyra.
JIYHa «C YIlIaMH» - K MOP03Y.
5IcHaH KpyToporaH JIYHa: 3HMOIO - K CTY>Ke,
JIeTOM - K Be.l{PY.
nYTEWECTBYSI, PA3BJ1EKA....TECbl
TOJIbKO JIH pa3BJIeKaHTeCb? D.a>Ke nOXO.l{bI BbI-
xo,nHoro .lI.HH, He rOBopH Y>Ke 0 MHOrO.l{HeBHbIX
nYTeIlIeCTBHHX,- 3TO cpe,nCTBO 03.l1.0pOBJIeHHH. no-
145
3HaHHH, BocnHTaHHH. A eCJIH C BaMH ,neTH, TO
nOXO.l{bI - 3TO e e H He3aMeTHOe, HeHaBH3'lHBOe
yrJIy6J1eHHe 3HaHHM, KOTOpbIe OHH nOJ!Y'IaIOT B
III KOJIe , paCllIHpeHHe HX KPyr030pa. BOT Ii nOMO-
rHTe HM. OT,nbIxaH, 03.l{OpOBJ1HMTeCb, n03HaBaMTe,
BocnHTblBaMTe CBOHX ,neTeM. BaM B I10MO b .l{a-
eTCH TOT KpaeBe.l{'1eCKHM MaTepHaJ1, KOTOpbIM,
KaK Y>Ke JJ.OKa3aHO, nOMO>KeT 3aKaJIHTbCH tPH3H-
'1eCKH, HO H BceCTopOHHe H rapMOHH'IeCKH pa3BH-
BaTbCH. 11 '1T06bI BaM H BaIllHM .l{eTHM 6blJIO HH-
TepeCHee B nYTeweCTBHHX H Ha nporYJIKaX, Hr-
paMTe. I1rpaMTe B 3aHHMaTeJ1bHoe. BonpOCbI-
OTBeTbI, 3ara.l{KH - pa3ra,nKH - BOT, '1TO Heo6-
XO,nHMO ,nJ!H 3THX ue.'IeM.
BbI H.l{eTe nOJIeM HJIH JIeCOM, no,nYCTaJIH. 11 '1TO-
6bI OTBJIe'lb CBoe H ,neTeM BHHMaHHe OT YCTaJIO-
CTH, 3a,naBaMTe BonpOCbI. KTO ,naCT 60J1bWe npa.
BH.1IbHbIX OTBeTOB, nOJIY'IaeT Ha npHBaJIe npH3.
KaKoM, peWHTe caMH, a nOKa -
Bon p 0 C hi:
1. 113BecTHo, '1TO BeCb 3eMHoM wap no npH-
pO,nHbIM YCJIOBHfTM ,neJIHTCH Ha 30HbI, ,nJIH Ka>K-
,nOM H3 HHX xapaKTepeH CBOM KJ1HMaT, paCTHTeJIb-
HbIM H >KHBOTHbIM MHp. B KaKoM '1aCTH CBeTa
TOJ!bKO O.l{Ha npHpo,nHaH 30Ha? Ha30BHTe ee.
2. KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH 3TOT He06bIKHoBeHHbIM Ma-
TepHK, Ha KOTOpOM npoH3pacTaIOT JJ.peBOBH,nHbIe
nanopoTHHKH, 60JIbWHHCTBO ,nepeBbeB nO'lTH He
,naIOT TeHH, >KHBOTHbie CBOHX ,neTeHbIwen HOCHT
B CYMKax. ECTb Ha 3TOM MaTepHKe MJIeKOnHTa.
IO He, KOTopbIe HeCYT HMua, CJIOBHO nTHUbI, a
pbI6bI, KaK 3BepH, MorYT ,nbIIllaTb JIerKHMH. LITO
3TO 3a MaTepHK?
146
3. ECTb B COBeTcKoM COI03e '1y,nHbIH OCTpOB.
no nJlO a,nR OH B,nBoe npeBocxo,nRT BeJIbrHIO,
B nOJITOpa pa3a - lI.aHRIO. H HeCMOTpH Ha TO,
'1TO Ha 3TOM OCTpOBe 3RMOIO BbIO>KHO R XOJlO.l{HO,
TaM paCTYT np06KOBoe .l{epeBO, 6aM6YK, rpel.lKRH
opex, nOJlHpHaH 6epe3a, JlRCTBeHHRl.la. OCTpOB He
3PH Ha3bIBaIOT OCTpOBOM COKpOBH . TaM MHoro
yrJlH H He<lnH, a pbI6a H Jlec - ero HeHC'Iepnae-
MbIe 60raTCTBa. LITO >Ke 3TO 3a OCTpOB?
4. KaKHe BbI 3Haere ropbI, Ha3BaHHH KOTOpblX
CBH3aHbI C KaKHM-TO l.lBeToM?
5. Y KaKoH ropbI caMoe 60JlbllIOe paccToHHHe
Me>K.l{Y no,noIliBoi) H BepIlIHHoH?
6. KaKHe xpe6TbI Cpe.l{HeH A3HH H CH!SHpH Ha-
3bIBaIOTCH O,nHHM CJlOBOM H KaKRM?
7. Ha30BRTe nOJlyocTPOB, KOTOpbIH Ha3bIBalOT
cTpaHoH BYJlKaHoB. TaM RMeeTCH MHO>KeCTBO
OCTpOKOHe'lHbIX H orHe,nbIma Hx rop, KOTopbIe
npoTHHYJlHCb Ha COTHR KHJIOMeTpOB C ceBepo-3a-
na,na H8 IOrO-BOCTOK. A y no,nHO>KHH BYJlKaHOB,
B y eJlbHx R ,nOJlRHaX Me>K.l{Y xpe6TaMR 6bIOT
COTHR rOpH'IRX HCTO'lHRKOB. KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH
3TOT nOJIyocTpOB?
8. Te, KTO 3aXO'leT nYTemecTBoBaTb no Kape-
JlRH, MorYT BC1'peTHTb «rHHJlbIe» KaMHH (BaJlY-
HbI). Eha Kpen'laHllIaH nopo,na rpaHRTa paccbI-
naeTCH noon y,napaMH naJlKR Ha KpacHoBaTYIO
TPYXY. nO'leMY «rHHIOT» 3TR KaMHR?
9. XOTeJlR 6bI BbI BO BpeMH JlbI>KHOrO noxo,na
B 3RMHRH MOp03HbIH ,neHb RCKynaTbcH B TenJlOM
03epe, a nOTOM, BbIH.l{H H3 BO,nbI, nOCH.l{eTh Ha
KaMHHX, nopocllIHX MHrKRM MXOM, noxo,nHTb no
3eJleHOH TpaBe Ha 6epery TaKoro 03epa? lI.YMae-
Te, y Hac HeT TaKRX 03ep? ECTb. A BOT r.l{e?
10. KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH caMoe MaJleHbKOe R3 cpe-
,nH3eMHbIX MopeH 3eMHoro llIapa H r,ne OHO Haxo-
147
,nHTCH? OHO Ha3BaHO no HMeHH ropHOH nOpO.l{bI,
HaH.lI.eHHOH Ha O.l{HOM H3 OCTpOBOB :noro MaJIeHb-
Koro MOpH.
11. BcnoMHHTe Ha3BaHHe cBoe06pa3HoH «pe-
KH», KOTopaH Ha'lHHaeTCH Y 3KBaTopa H HeceT
CBOH TenJIbIe BO.l{bI K ceBepHoMY nOJIIOcy. OHa
npOTeKaeT cpe,nH OKeaHa. lIlHpHHa ee Ha lOre ,no-
CTHraeT 75 KHJIOMeTpOB, a Ha ceBepe (y MbIca
XaTTepac) - 110-120. TOJI Ima nOTOKa 700-
800 MeTpoB, CKOpOCTb Te'leHHH OT 3 .lI.O 10 KM
B 'lac. 3Ta «peKa» BbIHOCHT BO,nbI B 200 pa3 60JIb-
llIe, '1eM caMaH nOJIHOBO.l{HaH peKa MHpa - AMa-
30HKa.
TaK KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH 3Ta «peKa»?
12. KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH caMbIH KpynHbIH Ha 3eM-
HOM llIape 6eCCTO'lHbIH 6acceHH, Ha nJIO a.l{H KO-
Toporo MOrJIH 6bI nOMeCTHTbCSI cpa3Y TPH rocy-
.l{apCTBa: BeJIHK06pHTaHHH, ABCTpHH H lllBeHl.la-
pHH? YpoBeHb BO.l{bI B HeM KOJIe6JIeTCH, H B Ha-
CTOH ee BpeMH OH 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO HH)I{e ypOBHH
MHpoBoro OKeaHa.
13. KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH «MopcKaH peKa», HBJIH-
IO aHCH py6e)l{oM .l{BYX '1aCTeH CBeTa? Ta, KOTO-
paH Te'leT Cpe.l{H H3BeCTKOBbIX 6eperoB, nopoc-
llIHX cy6TpOnH'IeCKOH paCTHTeJIbHOCTbIO, .l{JIHHa
KOTOpOH OKOJIO 30 KHJIOMeTpoB. llIHpHHa OT 750 M
.lI.O 3,7 KHJIOMeTpa. 11 HMeeT OHa Te'leHHH pa3HbIX
HanpaBJIeHHH - nOBepXHOCTHoe H npH.l{OHHoe.
LITO 3TO 3a «peKa»?
14. KTo H3 Bac He '1HTaJI B ,neTCTBe KHHry
)KIOJIH BepHa «D.Ba.l{l.laTb TbICH'I JIbe no.l{ BO.l{OH»?
C YBJIeqeHHeM ee qHTaIOT ,neTH H CerO.l{HH. nOM-
HHTe, KaK «HaYTHJIYc» B pa3rap OTJIHBa ceJI Ha
MeJIb B npOJIHBe Me)l{,ny ABCTpaJIHeH H HOBoH
rBHHeeH? Tor.ll.a KanHTaH HeMo B03JIaraJI 60JIb-
llIMe Ha.l{e)l{.l{bI Ha «BbICOKYlO B?.l{y», KOTopaH pOB-
148
HO <Iepe3 5 .nHeH, B HOBOJIYHHe, .nomKHa 6bIJIa no-
MO<Ib CHHTh «HaYTHJIYc» C MeJIH. LITO 3TO 3a
«BbICOKaH BO.ll.a»?
15. KaKoe Mope caMoe cpe.nH3eMHoe?
16. HeMHorHM H3BeCTeH 4>aKT, onHcaHHbIH B
CO'lHHeHHH .n.peBHepHMcKoro Y<IeHOrO nJIHHHH
CTapiliero, >KHBilierO OKOJIO 2000 JIeT Ha3a.n.. OH
nHCaJI: «)KHTeJIH He60JIhillOrO CKa.1IHcTOrO OCTpO-
Ba ApBa.n, pacnOJIO>KeHHOrO Y 6eperoB CHpHH, BO
BpeMH BOHHbI 6paJIH npecHYIO BO.ny .n.JIH nHTbH..,
co .nHa MopcKoro npOJIHBa». <I>aHTacTHKa, He
npaB.lI.a JIH? )KHTeJIH OCTpOBa HMeJIH «cneLlHaJIb-
Hoe npHcnoco6JIeHHe, COCTOHIllee H3 KO>KaHOrO
IllJIaHra, Ha KOHLle KOToporo 6bIJ1 YKpenJ1eH CBHH-
LlOBhIH naTpy6oK, nOXO>KHH Ha Pynop. 3TO npH-
cnOC06JIeHHe OHH norpY)J{aJ1H B MOPCKYIO BO.n.y H
qepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMH XOJIo.nHaH '1HCTaH npec-
HaH BO.ll.a Ha6eraJ1a B cocy.n .nJ1H nHTbH».
KaK 06hHCHHTb nOHBJ1eHHe npeCHOH BO.nbI Ha
60JIhiliOH rJIy6HHe MOpH?
17. nO<IeMY OKa CqHTaeTCH npHTOKOM BOJIrH,
XOTH npH Bna.n.eHHH OHa no lllHpHHe He YCTynaeT
eif? no KaKOMY npH3HaKY OTJIHqaIOT npHTOK OT
rJIaBHOH peKH?
18. B KaKO CO,,'IeHOM ca OCa.ll.O<IHOM o3epe
nO<ITH HeT BO.ll.bI, r.ll.e npOJIo)J{eHo >KeJ1e3Ho.nopo)J{-
Hoe n0J10THO H BarOHbI Ha norpY3KY caMH H.nYT
Ha cepe.n.HHY 03epa. KaK OHO Ha3hIBaeTcH?
19. KaK Ha3hIBaeTCH O.ll.HH H3 60JIhIlIHX ropo-
.lI.OB Ilo, BOJI)J{hH pacnOJIO>KeHHbIH Ha 6epery lI.BYX
peK, TeKYIllHX nOqTH napaJIJIeJIbHO .lI.pyr .D.pyry, HO
B npOTHBOnOJIO>KHhIX HanpaBJIeHHHX? KCTaTH, 0.lJ.-
Ha H3 3THX peK - KpynHeHiliaH Ha TeppHTopHH
eBponeHCKOH <Jacm CCCP, .lJ.pyraH - Bna.naeT B
nepBYIO. KaK OHH Ha3hIBaIOTcH?
20. KaKoe Mope JIe>KHT BbIIlIe ypOBHH OKeaHa?
149
21. nO'leMY 06JIaKa He nan.aIOT Ha 3eMJIIO?
22. KaK B npOIllJIOM Ha3bIBaJIHCb ropo.na:
1) np>KeBaJIbcK. 2) fOpbKHH. 3) IJ.eJIHHorpa.n.
4) AJIMa-ATa. 5) KJIaHne.na. 6) BeHTcnHJIc.
7) JIHenaH. 8) TaJIJIHHH. 9) TapTY. 10) T6HJIHCH.
11) KaJIHHHH. 12) KHpOB. 13) COBeTcK (KaJIH-
HHHrpan.CKaH OOJIaCTb). 14) CbIKTbIBKap.
15) YJIbHHOBCK. 16) KyMbIllieB (KyMblllleBcKaH
06JIaCTb) ?
23. Ha30BHTe JIHTepaTypHble npoH3Ben.eHHH, B
Ha3BaHHH KOTOpbIX BXOAHT HaHMeHOBaHHH ropo-
.nOB.
24. BO.nHTCH JIH pbI6a B JIY>Ke? A B Ta3e?
25. fAe B CCCP HaXOAHTCH OCTpOB Me.nHbIH,
ropa )l(eJIe3HaH, MblC 30JIOTOH, Mope fHH.flOe,
03epo 3epKaJIbHOe, CTaHUHH OJIOBHHHaH, nOCeJIOK
COJIOMeHHoe?
26. KTO OTKpbIJI xpe6eT MOCKOBCKHH H ropy
KpeMJIb? f.ne OIU! Haxo.nHTcH?
27. nOqeMY JIYHa H COJIHue y ropH30HTa HMe-
lOT KpaCHbIH UBeT?
o T BeT hi:
1. AHTapKTHAa. nOJIHpHaH 30Ha.
2. ABCTpaJIHH.
3. OCTpOB CaXaJIHH.
4. 1) ropa KapaTay (CpeAHHH A3H5I). 3TO Ka-
3aXCKoe Ha3BaHHe: Kapa - '1epHblH, Tay-
ropa. 4epHbIe rOpbI. 2) Cbeppa MopeHa (lOr
nHpeHeHcKoro nOJIyocTpOBa Ha BOAOpa3AeJIe peK
rBaJ1HaHbl H fBaAaJIKBHBHp). Ha3BaHHe HcnaH-
CKoe, B nepeBoAe 03Ha'laeT «TeMHble ropbI». OHH
TaK Ha3BaHbI nOTOMY, '1TO IO>KHble CKJIOHbI HX no-
pOCJIH TeMHOJIHCTHbIMH .ny60BbIMH KYCTapHHKa-
MH. 3) 'MoH6JIaH. Ha3BaHHe <ppaHUY3cKoe:
150
mon - ropa, blan - 6CJIbIH, BeJIaH ropa. TaK
Ha3BaHa nOTOMY, tlTO BetJHO nOKpblTa CHerOM.
4) fOJIy6ble ropb!. 3TO tJaCTb BocTotJHo-ABCTpHH-
CKHX A.TJbl1. TaK H<!3BaHbI H3-3a UBeTa nopo.n, KO-
Tophle HX CJJaraIOT.
5. fopa MaYHa-Kea (OCTpOB fBBaHH). Ee oc-
HOBaHHe Haxo.nHTCH Ha rJIy6HHe 5500 M, a Bep-
UHiHa .- Ha 4214 M Bbune YPOBHH OKeaHa.
6. AJIaTay. 3TO KHprH3CKoe Ha3BaHHe: «aJIa»-
necTpblH, «Tay» - ropa. TaKoe Ha3BaHHe HOCHT
xpe6Tbl: TepcKHH A118Tay, KYHtJeH-.A.naTay,
.lI.mYHrapcKHH AJIaTay, TaJIaCCKHH AJIaTay, 3a-
HJIHikKHH AJI.aTay, KY3HeUKHH Al1aTay.
7. OOJIYOCTPOB KaMtJaTKa. 1-13 120 ByJIKaHOB
TaM 22 .l{eHCTBYIO HX, H 60JIblliaH tJaCTb HX Ha-
XO.nHTCH Mem.!l.Y BOCTOllHblM xpe6ToM H 6epera-
MH THxoro OKeaHa.
8. KaMHH «rHHIOT» no.n BJIHHHHeM nOCeJIHB-
IIIHXCH Ha HHX JIHIIIaHHHKoB, KOTopble BbI.neJIHIOT
Be eCTBa, pa3'be.naIO He .name rpaHHT.
9. Ha nOJIyocTpoBe KaMtJaTKa. H Haxo.nHTCH
9TO He.l{aJIeKO OT OeTpOnaBJIOBCKa-KaM'IaTCKoro.
10. MpaMopHoe Mope Ha OCTpOBe MpaMopa (OT
TypeUKoro CJIOBa «MpaMOp»). OJIOllla.nb 9Toro
MOpH 11 472 KM 2 .
11. fOJIb<pCTpHM,
12. KacnHHcKoe Mope. 3TO caMoe 60JIbIIIOe Ha
3eMJIe 6eCCTOtJHoe COJIeHOe 03epo, KOTopoe 3a ero
pa3Mepbl Ha3bIBaIOT MopeM. Ha3BaHHe npOHCXO-
.aHT OT .lI.peBHHX nJIeMeH KacnHeB, 06HTaBIIIHX Ha
ero 6eperax. n.110 a.lJ.b KacnHH B pe3YJIbTaTe
nOHHmeHHSI ypOBHH BO.nbl COKpaTHJIaCb C
424300 KB. M B 1930 r. .no 371 000 I{B. KM B
1957 r. C KOHII.a XIX B. ypoBeHb 6acceHHa no-
HH3HJICSI 60JIee tJeM Ha 2 M. Ha 1969 r. ero ypo-
BeHb 6bIJI HHme ypOBHH OKeaHa Ha 28,5 M.
151
13. flpOJIHB Boc<}Jop, COe.llHHHIO HH qepHoe H
MpaMopHoe MOpH. Boc<}Jop - no .l{peBHHH petJ-
HaH .l{OJIHHa, KOTopaH 6bTJIa 3aTOnJIeHa MopeM B
tJeTBepTHtJHoe BpeMH. floBepxHocTHoe TetJeHHe B
npOJIHBe HanpaBJIeHO C ceBepa Ha lOr H HeceT pac-
npecHeHHYIO tJepHoMopCKYIO BO.l{Y. fJIy6HHHoe
TetJeHHe HanpaB.l1eHo C IOra Ha ceBep H HeceT co-
.11eHYIO BO.llY H3 MpaMopHoro MOpsr. BnepBble BO-
.ll006MeH tJepe3 Boc<}Jcp OblJI H3YtJeH PYCCKHM
oKeaHorpa<}JoM C. A. MaKapoBbIM B 1881-
1882 rr.
14. KanHTaH HeMo B03JIaJlaJI Ha.lle>KJ!.bl Ha
npH.l1HB (<<BbICOKYIO BO.llY»). flpHJIHBbI H OTJIH-
BbI - 3TO nepHO.llHtJecKHe nO.llHSITHSI H onYCKaHHH
ypOBHH BO.llbI B OKeaHax, KOTopbIe BbI3bIBaIOTCH
npHTH>KeHHeM JIYHbI H COJIHlI.a. CaMaH «HH3KaH
BO.lla» (HaHMeHbIlIHH npH.l1HB) Ha 3eMJIe 6bIBaeT
B nepHO.ll nepBoH HJIH nocJIe.l{Heii tJeTBepTH JIYHbl
(KOr.lla HanpaB.l1eHHe Ha JIYHY H COJIHlI.e COCTaB-,
JISIeT yrOJI 90°) ,HaHoo.l1bllIaH (<<BbIcoKaH BO.lla»)-
KOr.l{a npHTH>KeHHe JIYHbl H COJIHlI.a .lleHcTByeT
O.llHOBpeMeHHo, B O.llHOM HanpaBJIeHHH. Eho KaK
pB.3 COBna.llaeT C nep.HO.llOM HOBOJIYHHH, HJIH nOJI-
HOJIYHHH (KOr.lla 3eM.l1H, JIYHa H COJIHUe pacno-
JIO>KeHbI Ha O.llHOH JIHHHH). .ll.l1H BbIXO.lla H3 ne-
pHO.lla nOCJIe.llHeH tJeTBepTH K HOBOJIYHHIO JIYHe
Tpe6yeTcH OKO.110 ceMH CYTOK. KanHTaH HeMo
3HaJI, tJTO JIYHa B nepBoH tJeTBepTH 6bIJIa .l{Ba .llHH
Ha3a.ll.
OTcIOJ!.a OH C.lle.l1a.l1 BbIBO.l{: tJepe3 5 .llHeH
6Y.lleT nOJIHOJIYHHe, HaCTynHT «BbICOKaH BO.lla»,
KOTopaSI 06H3aTeJIbHO CHHMeT «HaYTH.l1YC» c
MeJIH.
15. Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, B Bonpoce Y>Ke rOTOB OT-
BeT-Cpe.D.H3eMHoe. AH HeT! ECTb e e «60JIee
cpe.l{H3eMHoe» Mope - A30BCKoe.
152
16. ATMoc<}>epHbIe oca.nKH, npocatJHBaHcb
CKB03b PbIXJIbIe nopo.nbI, .noxo.nnT .no BO.l{oynop-
HOro CJIOH, a 3aTeM HatJHHaIOT .l{BHraTbCH no YKJlO-
HY, .nOCTHraH MOpCKHX 6eperoB, r.ne BbIXO.l{HT
MO HbIMH HCTOtJHHKaMH. flpHMepoM TaKHX HC-
TOtJHHKOB MorYT 6bITb HCTOtJHHKH Ha .nHe MOpH B
palloHe rarpbI (no6epe>Kbe 4epHoro MOpH), OJIH3
5af.l.napcKHx BOpOT (IO>KHbIll 6eper KpbIMa), Y
.na3YPHoro 6epera (lOr <l>paHU:HfI) OTKpbIT HCTO'!-
HHK Ha rJIy6HHe 162 M.
CaMbIll rJIy60KHll «KOJIo.neu:» npecHoll BOAhI
pacnOJIO>KeH Ha .nHe A.l{pHaTHtJecKoro MOpH Ha
rJIy6HHe 700 M (6JIH3 MbIca CBHToro MapTHHa).
17. flpHTOK OTJIHtJaIOT OT OCHOBHOll peKH no
pacxo.ny BO.nbl, a He no IIIHpHHe ee. TaK, B OKe
npH ee Bna.neHHH B BOJIry npoTeKaeT e>KeCeKYH.l{-
HO 1200 KYO. M BO.nbI, a B BOJIre y r. rOpbKoro
2940 Ky6. M.
18. 03epo 5acKYHtJaK (AcTpaxaHcKaH 06-
JIacTb) .
19. ropo.n Y JIbHHOBCK, pacnOJIO>KeHHbIll Ha BO-
.l{Opa3.l{eJIe peKH Bo.llrH H ee npHToKa CBHHrH.
20. ApaJIbCKOe Mope pacnOJIO>KeHO Ha BbICOTe
53 M Ha.n ypOBHeM MHpoBoro OKeaHa.
21. flOTOMY tJTO HX no.n.nep>KHBaeT BOCXO.l{H-
Hll nOTOK B03.nyxa, nOCTOHHHO Ha6JI1o.l{alO HH-
CH Ha 3eMHoll nOBepxHocTH.
22. 1) KapaKac. 2) HmKHHH HOBrOpO.l{.
3) AKMOJIHHCK. 4) BepHbIll. 5) MeMeJIb. 6) BHH-
.naBa. 7) JIH6aBa. 8) PeBeJIb. 9) IOpbeB ()J.epnT).
10) TH<}>JIHC. 11) TBepb. 12) BHTKa. 13) THJIb3HT.
14) YCTb-CbICOJIbCK. 15) CHM6HpCK. 16) CaMapa.
23. - «)J.aJIeKO OT MOCKBbI». B. A>KaeB
«3TO 6bWO B flpare». r. 5pHHlI.eB
«fla.neHHe flapH>Ka». I1. 3peH6ypr
«flo.n KalliTaHaMH flparH». K. CHMOHOB
"j 7269
153
«LI.OMHK B KOJIOMHe». A. OYIlIKHH
«OOJITaBa». A. OYIlIKMH
«CeBaCTOnOJIbCKaH CTpa.na». C. Cepre-
eB-LI.eHcKHH
«flYIlIeCTBHe H3 OeTep6ypra B MOCK-
BY». A. Pa.nH eB
«Eho 6bIJIO no.n POBHO». .n. Me.nBe.neB
«MHpropo.n». H. fOrOJIb
«BeHeIl.HaHCKHH KyneIl.». B. llleKCnHp
«CeBaCTOnOJIbCKHe paCCKa3bI». n. TOJI-
CTOH
«PHM». 3. 30.'151
«3TO 6bIJIO B JIeHHHrpa.ne». A. qaKoB-
CKHH
24. B JIYJKe (peKa 6acceHHa OKH) H B Ta3e
(peKa, Bna.nalO aH B o.nHoHMeHHbIH 3aJIHB Kap-
CKoro MOpH) pbI6a BO.nHTCH.
. 25. OCTpOB Me.nHbIH Haxo.nHTCH B rpynne Ko-
MaH.nopCKHX OCTpOBOB, ropa )Ke.ne3HaH - He.na-
JIeKO OT nHTuropcKa, MbIC 30JIOTOH - Ha 6epery
TaTapcKoro npOJIHBa, Mope fHHJIoe - 3aJIHB
A30BCKoro MOpH (CHBaIlI), 03epo 3epKaJIbHOe _.
B AJITaHCKOM Kpae, CTaHII.HH OJIOBHHHaH - B qH-
THHCKOH 06JiaCTH, nOCeJIOK COJIOMeHHOe - Ha
6epery OHeJKCKOrO o3epa.
26. Xpe6eT MOCKOBCKHH H ropy KpeMJIb, Ha-
xo.nH HeCH Ha ceBepHoH oKpaHHe THoeTa, OT-
KpbIJI H. M. OpJKeBaJIbCKHiL
27. JlYHa H COJIHI.le Y ropH30HTa CBOHMH JIY-
tlaMH rrpoHH3bIBaIOT CJIOH B03.nyxa Ha.n 3eMJIeH.
3TOT nbIJIbHbIH c.TlOH He nponYCKaeT KOpOTKOBO.Tl-
HOBbIe JIyqH (CHHHe, rOJIy6bIe H 3e.neHbIe), a npo-
nYCKaeT TO.TIbKO .nJIHHHOBOJIHOBbIe JIyqH (Kpac-
HbIe). OHM-TO H .nOXO.nHT .nO HaIlIHx rJIa3, npH.na.
BaH TaKoii II.BeT 9THM CBeTHJIaM
154
3HAKOMb1ECb C OAECCOA
I. 9I(CI(YPC H no ropo,D,Y
1. naM.!!'rm € MeC'fa O,neccbI
2. TIO)J,BHr O,'J.(('CbI B BeJ!IU<:oA OTeqeCTBeHHoA BOMHC
3, TIO.IU1oJ!be O.u.eccbI B BeJlHKOH OTeqeCTBeHHoi'i BoAHe
4. JIuTepaTypUai! OJ!.ecc8
5. TeSTpSJIbHai! O ecca
6. MSHKOBcKHit B O ecce
7. COpSTHHKH B. I1. JIeHHH8 B O.u.ecce
8. TIHcaTenH H HX fepoH B 60flx 3S O eccy
9. ApxHTeKTypH8H O eccs
10. l(ypOpTbJ 01leCCbI
11. OHH 6b1JIH nepBblMH ( eK86pHcTbI H H8pO OBOJIbUbi
B O ecce)
12. OH neCHe OT SJI Bce CnOJIH8
13. KOTOBCKHA B O ecce
14. A. C. TIYIIIKHH B O ecce
15. YKpsHHcKHe JIHTepaTopbl B O ecce
16. OaMfiTHbie MeCT8 nepBoit poccHAcKOA peBOJIIOltHH B
o J!.ecce (1905-1907)
17. BOPb6s 3S BJI8CTb COBeTOB B O ecce
18. A. I1. KynpHH B O ecce
19. fepoH o eccKoro nO nOJlbH B nepHOll, 8HfJIO-iPpSH-
ltY3CKOA HHTepBeHltHH (1918--1919)
20 CnopTHBH811 O eccs
21. YJlHltbi pSCCKS3b1BSIOT
22, OHn np0CJ18BHJlH OTeqeCTBeHHYIO HSYKY
23. fepoHKs peBOJIIOltMOHHOfO nO nOJIbll
24. TIollc C.naBbi (c nOcelUeHHeM 411-A 6sTspeH)
25, TIOpTbi H BOK3SJIbi
7.
155
26. 0'1 OJl,eCCbI CTSpOH K O.n.ecce coBpeMeHHoA
27. OCHOBHOH SSKOH B eHcTBHH
28. JIuTepaTypHsH O eccs 20-x rO OB
29. O ecca - KYSHHltS MOpCKHX Ka poB
30. BoAubi JIeHHHCKoH rBap HH
31. Bcer s HsrOTOBe, BCer,!l.S HSqeKY
32. O eccs B JKH3HH H TBOp'leCTBe BYHHHS
33. repOnqecKlIfI nYTh 6oph6bI H no6e
34. BPeMH, Bnepe.n.!
35. O eccs rJl83aMH TIaycToBcKoro
II. .lI.ETCI(HE ABT06YCHbiE 3KCI(YPCHH
1. 3HSi\ H JII06H CBOH ropo
2. llopor8MH Kp8CHbiX raJlCTYKOB
3. B rOCTH K CKS3Ke
4. TIo JI.OpOraM OTUOB
5. CnsBHbli\ nYTb o eCCKoro KOMCOMOJIS
6. BHHMsHHe, cBeToctJop
7. JII06HMble repoH eTCTBS
III. MY3EHHbiE 31(CI(YPCHH
1. ApxeOJIOrH'leCKHH MY3eA
2. MyaeA S8n8 Horo H BOcTO'lHOrO HCKYCCTB8
3. JIHTepsTYPHbli\ MyseH
4. Myaei\ ctJspctJopa (r. I1J1bH'leBcK)
5. MyseH nspTH3sHCKOH CJ1SBbI (c. Hepy6aHcKoe)
6. I1CTOpHKo-KpSeBeA'leCKHH MY3eH
7. XYAOJKeCTBeHHbIH MY3eA
8. 300napK
9. fInsHeTapHA
IV. 3AfOPO,D,HbIE 6.l1.HOJI,HEBHbIE 31(CI(YPCHH
1. B ceMbe e HHoH (B CTOJIHUY MOJI OBbi r. KHIllHHeB)
2. B ropo Kopa6eJ)oB - HHKOJISeB
156
3. 3eneHoe Mope OlleCIIIHHbI (B CaBpSHCKHH "Iec)
4. TIpHpOJ!.S - HCTOqHHK 3 OpOBbH (BeJIrOpo -JJ:HecT-
pOBCKHH)
5. TIo COJ1He'lHOH MOJ1 OBe (r. .lJ.y6occspbl)
6. TIOpT I1JIbHqeBCK
7. TIOpT IOJKHblH
8. TIbIJ1SIOIUHH 6eper
9. JJ:oporsMH n06e HoH BeCHbi 1944 ro s (r KHUKaHbI)
10. B ropOD. Ha JJ:Henpe - XepcoH
11. Ceno PacUBeT
12. JIID6.T!l0 Te6H, MOH KpaH pO HOH (r. YMaHh)
13. TIo MOJ1 aBcKoMY TIpH HecTpoBblO
v, rOPO.lJ.CI(HE I(ATEPHblE 3I(CI(?t'PCHH
1. TIo6epeJKbe O eccbI C 60pTa TenJ10XO S
2. 3ApaBcTByii, Mope
3. O eccs - nepBOKJISCCHbIH nopT HS 4epHOM Mope
4. O ecca C MOP!!
5. TIOpT IOJKHblH - nopT XXI BeKa
6. TIOpT l1J1bHqeBCK (c pa3HblX cTaHI.\HH r. OlleccbI)
7. TIOpT O ecca C 60pTa Tenhoxo s «Xs JKH6eH»
8. Mope 30BeT
9. 3HsKoMhTecb C 4epHbiM MopeM (HS TenJIOxO e «Xs -
JKH6eH» C HcKoTeKoH)
VI. 3ArOPO.n.HblE KATEPHblE 31(CI(YPCHH
1. TIo MeCTaM 60eBoH H TPY OBOH CJISBbI CeBepHoro
TIpHqepHOMOpbH (r. OqaKoB)
2. K CTeHaM peBHeH KpenocTH (r. BenropoA-JJ:HecTpoB-
CKHH) .
3. O ecca - BHJIKOBO - H3MSHJI - Ollecca (HS «Ko-
MeTax» H3 nopTs O ecca),
157
MY3EH
ApXeOJlOrll'leCKIli! Myaeii:. PacnOJ!OiKeH Ha nJ!Olua,nH ROM-
MYHbI (YJ!. JIacTOqKHHa, 4). B HeM "?e CTaI!{!eHa 0 H8 li3
cTapeAIllHX B CTpaHe (OCHOBaHHSH B 1825 ro;J.Y) KOJ![jeKI.\H
spxeoJIOruqecKHX nSM THHKOB, KOTopaH paCCKS3b1Baer 06
HCTOpHH TIpHqepHOMOpbH,
B MY3ce Xp8HHTCR ()().nee 150 TblCR'! 3KCIIOHaTf,B, Hayq
HaJJ 6H6.QHo'I"eKa !laC'1HTblBaCr OKOJ!O 20 'INCH'! 'TOMOB, liMe.
eTCH HYMII3MaTH'1eCKliH OTll\;J1. OrpoMHbII\ HliTepeC y r,Qce
THTeJlel\ BbIabIBaCT OCMOTp 30.ilOTOH KJI8ll0BOA MY3EH II BU-
CTaBKH «DaMHTHHKli .lI.peBHero ErHnTa».
HCTOpHKO-KpaeBe '1eCKHii: MY3ei\. MY3ei\ HMeeT TPH 0'1-
eJla: HC'ropHH (pscnOJIOJKeH HS YJllil.\e XaJJTypHH8, 4), QH-
JIHKH 9'repHH U1aCTOqKHHS, 24), OTlleJI npHpo bI (JISCTO'!-
KHHS, 24 s). aKcnoHsTbI MyaeeB paccKsabIBaIDT 0 MHoro-
rpsHHoH HCTOpHH KpSR H O eccbl, 0, 60pb6e TPY HIliHXCH
3a BJl8CTb COBeToB Ha O.:J;cclUHHe, 06 Op,ecce nepHo a Be-
.1HKOH OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOMHbl, peBOJIIOI.\HOHHbIX H 60eBbIx
TpS HI.\HHX ropo a.
MY3eii: napTH38HCKoii: CJlaB1>I (c. Hepy6aMcKoe). MY3ei\
p8CnOJlOJKeH B npHropOp.HoM cene Hepy6aHcKoM, PHP.OM
C MY3eeM coopYJKeH 06eJIHCK H CKYJ!bnTypHaH rpynns «Ha-
pOllHble MCTHTeJlH». HsaeMHsH qaCTb 3Kcn03HI.\HH MY3eH
pSCCKS3b1BaeT 06 HCTOpHli oJ\eccKHx KaTsKOM6, 0 cTpaHH-
U8X 6oeBoro H peBOJIIOUHOHHoro npoIllJJ.oro ropo.n.s, c06N-
THHX rpSJK aHcKoii: BOHHbI, 06 o eCCKHX nspTHaaHsx H no -
nOJIbII.!HKSX, eHcTBoB8BIllHX B rOltbI BpeMeHHoi\ .pawHcT-
CKOH OKKynaI.\HH. B n01l3eMHOH qSCTH MY3eH BOCC03 SHS
06cT8HoBKa nspTU3SHCKoro JIarepH.
JhtTfpaTYPHblii: MY3eii: (YJI. JIscTOqKHHa, 2). B 24 3aJlSX
MY3CH npe (,TaBJIeHbI PS60TbI 60.nee 300 nHCaTCJJeH, pe -
Kue H3 SHHH, PYKonHcH, JIuqHble BelliH, ctJoTorps€pHH, ceMel1-
Hble SJIb60Mbl, THnOJ!orHqCCKHe npe eTbi H npoH3Be eHHH
H306pS3HTcJ!bHoro HCKYCCTBa, OTpSJKaIOIliHC HCTOpHqeCKHIi'
11 KYJIbTYPHO-6bITOBOi\ !pOH 3nOXH.
MY3eii: MopCKoro c!JJ10Ta CCCP (YJJ. JIscTOqKHHa, 6).
B 3aJISX MY3CH nOCCTHTeJIH 3HSKOMHTCH C 60raToH HCTOPH-
eM pa3BHTHH ToproBoro .pJ!oTa HallicH cTpaHbI. B MY3ce
npep'cTSBJlCHbi MO eJIH pCBHHX H cOBpeMcHHbIX CY OB, iKH-
BonHCHbie p'HOPSMbI, ElJJeKTpHljml.\HPOBaHHble CXCMbI H KSpTbI,
l{CHHblC OKYMCHTbI 11 ctJoTOrpslj>HH. PSCCKs3bIBseTcH 06
Y'!aCTHH MOPHKOB ToporoBoro €pJIOTa B peBOJl HH 1905--
1907 IT., B BeJIHKOM OKTH6pbCKOii: COU,HSJIHCTuqCCKOM peBo-
158
JllOnHH, a T8JOKe O' nOJU3l1re MOpHKOB B BeJIHKoi\ OTe'leCT-
BeHHoi\ BOHRe.
A'iyseA s8naAHoro H BOCTO'lHOrO HCKYCCTB8 (YJI. TIy.!!!.:
KHHCKSH, 9). HMeeT TPH OT e.nS: aHTH'IHOrO, 3snS Horo H
BOCTOqHOrO HCKYCCTBS. B OTJ!.e.ne sHTH'IHOrO lICKyccrna 9KC-
nOHlIpYIOTCH <'.1IenKH C npoH3Be eHldt peBHerpeqeCKHx.
CKYJlhnTOpoB, KepsM/{qeCKlie H CTeKJlHlIHble H3 e.nHH IV B.
11,0' H. 9.-III B. H. 9., B OT e.ne 3an Horo UCKYCCTBS-Kon-
JIeKUlili )l{HBOnHCli nepllo s C XIV no XIX l!eK (ps(50TbI
HTSJIhHlICKHX, 4!JISM8H CKHX, rOJIJISlI CKHX, cPPSHI.\YSCKHX H
HcnSliCKIiX MSCTepOB), B OTJJ.eJle sapy6eJKHOrO BOCTOKS -
npoH3Be eHHH nDHKJlSAHOrO HCKYCCTB3 HpSlIS, HH HH. I(H-
'ISH C XVI no XX BeK.
XYAO:IKCCTBeHH1>IA MyseA (YJI. l(0pOJlellKO, 5s). OH pac-
nOJISrSeT 60rsToi\ KOJIJIeKLtllei\ npOHsBe eHHi\ OTeqeCTBeH-
HoA OpeBOJIlOltHOHHOA H COBeTCKOi\ )l{lIBOnHCH, rpslj>HKH,
CKYJIbnTypbI 1I OTIIOCHTCH K 'lHCJ1Y JIY'lWHX HS YKpaHHe.
MyseA MCTOpHH BoAcK I(pacH03H8MeHHoro OAcccKoro BO-
eHHOrO oKpyra (YJI. TIHporoBcKsH, 2). 9Kcn03HI.\HfI MY3eH
pSCCKS3b1BSeT 0 repouqecKoM nYTlI BOHHOB O eccKoro I(psc-
1I03HSMeHlIoro Boelilloro oKpyrs. TIpH Mysee C03 SHS HO-
pSMa «fepouqeCKSH 060pOHS O eccbI».
nJiaHeTapHA HM. 1(. a. I1.HOJIKOBCKOro (YJI. 1lllJKHKOBa,
66).
ECJ1l1 BbI XOTHTe YBH eTb ceBepHoe CHHHHe, SBe3 1I0e
He60, KOMeTbi «3Be3 HblH O)l{.i1b», COJIHe'lHOe H JIYHHoe
3STMeHHH, TO. noceTliTe nJISHeTspHi\. B BbiCTSBOqHOM 3aJIe
npeACTSBneHM MSKeTbi COBeTCKHX KOCMHqeCKHX Kops6J1ei\ H
cnYTHHKOB, nOMHlIHble MeTeopHTbI, eMOllCTplipyroTCH rJIO-
(5YCbI 3eMJIH, JIYHbI, Mapes, MaHTHHK C1>yKo, pyrHe Hure-
peClibie 9KCnOHSTbi.
TEA TPbl
O eccs HBnHeTCH KpynHblM KYJIbTypHblM l.\eHTpoM YK-
DaHHbI. B ropo e 6 TenpoB, 5 BOPI.\OB KYJIbTYPbI, 60 KJlY-
60B, 40 KliHoTesTpoB, I.\HPK, 4!MapMoHHH. COBeTyeM BSM
noceTHTb:
TeaTp onepbl H OaJIeTa (nep. 1lsHKoBCKoro, 3).
YKp8HHCKHA MYS1>lKaJlbHO-APaMaTHqCCKHA TeaTp HMeHH
OKTsroPbCKOA peBo.llOnMH (YJI. TI8cTeps, 15).
PYCCKHA ApaMaTHqCCKHA Tet\Tp HMeHH A. B. HBaHODa
(YJI. KspJIS oI'lH6KHexTa, 48).
TeaTp MY3b1KaJ'ILHOA KOMe HH (yn. 1lHJKlIKOB8. 3).
159
TeaTp IOHOrO apHTeJlH HMeHH H. A. OCTpOBCKoro
(YJI. KapJIs JIH6KHexTa, 48).
TeaTp KYKOJI (YJ!. TIscTepa, 52).
O ecCKYIO cIlHJIapMoHHIO (YJI. P03bI JIIDKceM6ypr, 15).
nYTEWECTBHSI
H 3KCKYPCHH no OAECut,HHE
nOXOAbl BblXOAHOro AHn
oM I. l(ypraH DtaBbi - lJepHoe Mope, 15 KM
OAecca - 3aBO «UeHTpOJIHT» - KyprsH CJJSBbI-
C. AJIeKCSH poBKa - no 6epery B. AllJKS.1JblKCKOro JIHMa-
HS - c. HOBaH .il.OctJHHoBKa - O ecca. HsqsJIO - OCTa-
HOBKa TpaMBaH' «3aBo «UeHTpoJ!HT», qepe3 3aBollCKoi\ napK
Ha wocce, Be ytUee H3 O eccbI B KOMHHTepHOBCKoe.
Hi 2. lJepHoMopcKaH CnaBa, 26 KM
O eccs - c. fpHropbeBKa - no 6epery MOpH - c. fBap-
JI.eHcKoe - c. HOBaH JJ:OctJUHOBKS - c. C1>oHTaHKs - c. Kpbl-
JKSHOBKS - JIY3aHoBKs - O eccs. .il.o CTaHI.\HH fpHropb-
eBKS eXSTb aBT06ycOM, BbIXO HTb H3 aBT06ycs 6J1H3 orpoM-
HOH . CTenbI, OKpYJKeHHOH MOJJO bIMU epeBbHMH. OTclO a
HYJKHO cnycTHTbCH K 6epery H H.lI.TH Y CSMOH BO bI. BJ!H3
cens HOBsH .il.OctJHHoBKa MOJKHO C eJlaTb npHBSJI. TIocJle
OT bIXS BHrSTbCH K ceJlY C1>oHT.aHKS H, nO HHBWHCb no
Tpone Ha nJISTO, BblHT.H HS TeppHTopHID 6bIBweH 21-H 6aTS-
peH 6eperoBoH 060pOHbI, rpoMHBilleH B 1941 ro y ctJaWHC-
'lOB. 3neCb MOHYMeHT C HallnHCbID: «repOHM 21-H 6STapeH
6eperOBOH 060pOHbI - IOHOCTb OlleCCbI, 1941 1956».
3 eCb, Ha Mblce, r e TYPHCTbl npOBOllHT TpeHupOBKH no ry-
pHCTCKOH TeXHHKe, MeCTO y 06Hoe J!H npHBaJ!a. JJ:aJlee
TponHHKH HHJKHeH TeppaCbI Be YT K KpbIJKaHOBKe. JJ:BH-
JKeHHe npo OJIJKSeTCH no TponSM H no nJlH*y, MHMO YK-
pSHHCKoro pecny6JIHK8HCKoro nHOHepJJSrepH «MOJJO aH
rBap HH», napK8 HM. f. 11. KOToBcKoro. 3 ecb nYTellleCT-
DHe 3aKaHqHBaeTCH.
Hi 3. repoHM-apTHJ!JlepHCTaM - 6,18ro apHaH IOHOCTb
60-x rOAOS
)KHJIMaCCHB KOToBcKoro, YJI. BOqapOBa - B OJJb JKeJJe3-
HO OpOJKHOA HSCblnH - HHKoJIaeBcKsH opora - JlecHoii
MaCCHB - no BepxHeii 6eperoBol\ Teppace - 6bIBW8H 21-H
6aTSpeH 6eperoBoii 060pOHbI - c. HOBaH .il.OctJHHOBKS -
OAeccs. Ha JII060M BHlle TpsHcnopTs (aBT06ycbI 0'1
nJI. MSpTblHoBCKoro H JKene3HOllOpOJKHOrO BOK3SJIa HnH
160.
TpaMB811 OT TIepecblnCKOrO MOCTa) eX8Tb 11.0 YJllIl.lbl BO'la-
pOB8 (OCTaHOBKa Y nepeKpeCTK8 npOCneKTa LL06pOBOnbCKO-
ro II YJllIl.lbl BO'l8pOB8).
.Nil 4. no nYTH neHHHCKoA c:IICKpbl», 18 KM
0 ecc8 - }!{ene3Ho opQ}KHaH CTaHl.llIH JJ:8'1H8S1 -
c. JJ:a'lHOe - nepeKpecToK wocceHHblx opor - C. XOJ!o -
H8H BanK8 - no 5epery Xa }!{H6eilcKoro nHMaHa - c. Yca-
TOBO . - O ecca. OT CTaHl.llIH JJ:a'lHaH II TH no IllocceHHoll
.D.opore K ceny XOJ!o HaSi BanK8 II aJ!ee no Mapillpyry.
.Nil 5. Me1KJlIIMaHHblA cTenHoA, 22 KM
O ecca - c. YcaToBo - no ID}!{HOMY 6epery Xa JKH6ell-
CKoro J!HMaHa - c. 1(0ToBKa - KypOPT «I(YHnbHHK» - no
IOJKHOMY 6epery I(YSlJIbHlIl.lKOrO J!HM8Ha - c. 1(0PCYHUbi -
YJI. BO'lapOBa, }!{HJ!MaCCIIB 1(0TOBCKOI'O.
.Nil 6. no MeCTaM 60eB 248-8 rBap.u.eAcKoA AH8113HII,
20 KM
)l(HJ!MaccHB 1(0ToBcKoro, YJ!. DO'IapOB8 - YJ!. )1(. 1(10-
pH - c. l1J!bH'leBKa - }!{eJle3HO OpO}!{Hbill nepee3 - oKpaH-
H8 c. 1(0PCYHUbi - I(YSlnbHHUKHll JIIIMaH - no BOCTO'lHOMY
II IO}!{HOMY 6eperaM I(YSlJ!bHHUKoro J!HMaHa - KypOPT «Ky-
SlnbHIIK» - O ecca.
.Nil 7. no IO}!{HOMY ceKToPY 060POHbI O.u.eccbI, 18 KM
JJ:oexaTb o c. TIpHJ!IIMaHcKoro Ha aBT06yce.- MOHY-
MeHT 3aIllHTHHKaM O eccbI, pacnoJ!O}!{eHHblll Ha BOCTO'lHOH
oKpallHe ceJla 6nll3 oporH - CYXOll J!HMaH - no 6epery
JIIIMaHa - HayqHo-npoIl3Bo cTBeHHoe o6De IIHeHHe no BH-
Horp8AapcTBY H nHToMHHKOBoAcTBy - 4epHoMopcKoe IllOC-
ce - O ecca.
.Nil 8. l(aponHHo-Byra3cKHA. 20 KM
JJ:oexaTb Ha ,meKTpH'IKe o l(apoJ!IIHo-Byra3a, aJ!ee no
6epery JJ:HecrpoBcKoro J!HMaHa - c. POKcoJ!aHbI - OBH-
AHOnOJIb - O ecca. PellcoBbiM II nonYTHbiM TpaHcnopToM
H3 OBH HOnOJISI MO}!{HO 06paTbcH no OneccbI.
.Nil 9. BeJlropo.u.-)J,HecTpoBcKHA. 24 KM
Ha 3J!eKTpHqKe noexaTb AO CTaHI.lHII 3aToK8. B 1,5 KM
K 3ana y OT 3aToKH Ha'lHHaeTCSI By aKcKHll J!HMaH. JIHMaH
OT MOpH OT eJJHeT nOJloca neCKa AJlHHOll nO'lTH 15 KM. JJ:a-
J!ee nYTb J!e}!{IIT. no 6epery JJ:HeCTpoBcKoro J!HMaHa o
c. llla60. Bblll H H3 ceJla H 060ll H npHcTaHb, npo oJ!}!{IITb
nBHJKeHlle no 6epery JIIIMaHa. Ha 3TOM yqaCTKe MHOro HH;
TepecHbix Y 06HblX, nopocwllx TpaBoll nJ!OIlla OK J!SI OT:
11.blXa II HO'leBKII. B O HOM 113 peBHellwlIX rop011.0B Haillero
KpaH BeJ!ropo e-.aHeCTpOBCKOM 03HaKOMHTeCb C IICTOpll'le-
CKIIMII naMHTHIIKaMII II 8pXHTeKTypOll 3TOro peBHero ro-
161
pO,ll,a. H3 BMrOpOA8-JJ:HeCTpOBCKOrO B OAeccy M01KHO Bep-
RYTbCR noe3 oM HJlH Ha 8BT06yce,
.Nil 10. MUKH - OBH,II,HonOJ1b, 30 KM
Ha 3TOM M8pwpyre TypHCTbI HMeJOT D03M01KHOCTb 03H8-
KOMHTbCR C npownJJiM H HaCTORIllHM HH1KHerO TIpH HeCT-
pOBbR. JJ:0 ceJla M8RKH M01KHO 06paTbcR H8 peilcoBoM
aBT06yce OAecca -- BMHCBK8. JJ:anee M8PWPyr npoxo HT
qepea c. H8 JlHM8HcKoe - c. HHKonaeBK8 - 3aK8HqHB8-
eTCR B OBH Honone.
TIocJle Toro, K8K Bbi Dbl6p8nH M8PIllPYT, Mbi peKOMeHAY-
eM BHHM8TcnbHO 113yqHTb ero. B 3TOM BaM nOM01KCT KHHr8
11. JI. llonna «Hail 1I CBOIO Tpony» (O ecca, «M8RK»,
1988), B KOTOpOH 8BTOp aeT nOAPo6Hoe onHcaHHe M8pW-
PYTOB BblXO.l!HorO HH, a TaK:lKe 3HaKOMHT C H8CTOHIllHM H
npOlUJIbiM H81llerO Kp8H.
l(oHcynbT8UHH no DceM Bonpoc8M opraHH38UHH TYPHCT-
CKHX nOXOAOB H 3KCKYPCllil M01KHO nOJlYQHTb B OAeccKoM
rOpO,ll,CKOM KJly6e TypHCTOB H B 06J18CTHOM COBeTe no TY-
PH3MY H 9KCKypCHRM no a pecy: O ecca, 270011, cKBep
J<HpOB8, AOM 5.
nYTEWECTBMSI no BOAHblM MAPWPYTAM
nYTeweCTIJ no .lI.YHalO. BOAHoe nyrewecTBHe no OA-
HoA H3 caMblx, pynHblx peK EBponbi M01KHO COBepIllHTb H8
CY,ll,ax COBett;KQFO JJ:YHailcKoro n8pOXO CTB8 OT H3M8Hn8
(CCCP) O n8CC8Y (<1>Pf). Ho M01KHO OTnp8BHTbCH B no-
xo.l1 no TIplI YH8BblO H8 TeppHTOpHH O cCCKoA 06J18CTH,
03H8KOMHTbCH C JJ:YH8AcKOH enbTOA. HHTepeCHbiM 6YAeT
noxo,ll, H8 03ep8. Ha neBOM n06epeJKbe JJ:YH8J1 p8CnOJlO1Ke.
Rbi IlleCTb 03ep -1(8rYJ1, 1(8pT8n, SlJInyr, I(yrypnyil, K8T-
JI86yx H I(HT8A. OHH CJ18BSlTCH 06HnHeM pbl6b1 (nem,
cYAaK, C83aH. K8pn, COM, IllYK8, 1Kepex, Kp8cHonepK8).
JJ:nR PW60JIOBOB-J!lo6HTeJleil Ha osepax BbI e.neHbI ClieUH-
8nbHwe MeCT8. TIYTeweCTBYH flO JJ:YI;18IO, M01KHO noceTIITb
pH.l1 ropO OB. H8 3T'OM nYTH Bbi noceTHTe PeHH - nopTO-
BblH ropo , r e IllBItPTyIOTCH CY 8 H3 MHorHX CTp8H MHP8,
BOJlrp8 . ]L8nee MapwpYT Be eT B H3M8Hn, p8CnOn01KeR-
HbllI: B KpYTOil H3nyqHHe JJ:YH8H. 3;n,eCb noceTHTe MY3eil
A. B. CYSOPOB8, 03H8KOMHTe.Cb C repOH'leCKOH HCTopHeit
rOpO,ll,8, 60nbilloA HHTepec npeACT8BJ1ReT HopaM8 dlhYPM
KpenOCTH H3M8Hn B 1790 ro y». B ropo e MHOro n8MRT-
HHKOB, OTp81K81OIII.HX 60pb6y TpYAHmllxcR H3M8Hna 38
162
BJ!8CTb COBeTOB H BOCCOeJJ,HHeHHe C COBeTCKOH PO HHOii,
nO.QBHr B Cp8JKeHHHX C $aWHCTCKHMH 3aXB8TqHRaMH.
TpeTHH no Bem,qHHe ropo HS COBeTCKOM YQ8CTKE JJ:y-
H8R KHnHst - llpeBHHH ropoJJ., H3BeCTHblH naMstTHHK8MH
8pXHTeKTypbl XV-XVII BeKOB. 3 ecb OCTaH8BJ!HB8IOTCH
rpyaoBbie H n8CCaJKHpCKHe CYAa.
ECJJH BaM 3aXOqeTCH IIoJ!106oBaTbCH H8 naHopaMY .!J.y.
HaR, CJJHBalOlllerocn C 4epHblM MopeM, OCT8TOqHO H8 6b1CT-
pOXO HblX cy ax H8 nOABOJ].HblX KpHnbHX H3 KHnHH npo-
IIJ!blTb O YCTbH ( J!H noro HY:H{HO BblJ].eJlHTb 'lac BpeMeHH),
Do nYTH n06b1BaeTe B BH.IJKOBe. 1:hOT ropo H83b1BaIOT
«CTOJlI:ueH CMOJ!HHblX JlO.QOK», «YKP8HHCKOH BeHeI..(HeH». no
YJ!HI.l8M - KaH8J!aM BIfJ1KOBa (coe HHeHHblM C JJ:YH8eM)
KypcnpYIOT CMonHHble nO KH, 6apKaCbI, MOTopHble RaTep8.
TIFeweCTBHe.no 03epHOMY TIpH YH8B"1O 3aK8HqHB8eTCH
nOCJIe nocellleHHst BHJ!KOBa. JJ:8J1ee BO Hoe nYTeIlleCTBHe
npO,JIOn:IKaeTCH no BenropO;J.CKOMY K!!H8J!Y. Ha CTblKe .!J.y-
Ha>! C MopeM pacnOnOJKeH YCTb-JJ:YHaikK, r e ocymeCTBJ!n-
eTCH npHeM H 06pa60TK8 J!HXTepOB030B - Cy.u.OB, npe H8-
3H8QeHHblX J!H nepeB03KH nJ!8BY'lHX KOHTeiiHepOB.
fiYTeWeC1'BHe no )J,HecTpy. JJ:HeCTp 6epeT H8qaJlO B BOC-
TOQHbIX KapnaTax H HeceT CBOH BO bI no TeppHTopHH YK-
paHHbi H MOJ!.;J.OBe K 4epHOMY MOplO. H8H60JIee YA06Hoe
BpeMH J!H nYTelllecTBHH no aepXHeH 'l8CTH - C HIOHst O
nOJ!OBHHbI ceHTH6pst, a B cpe.QHeM II HH:lKHeM TeqeHHI! -
C M8H o Haq8J!8 OKTH6pH. TIo ,il.HeCTpy KypCHPYIOT CY 8
lia nO BO HblX KpblJ!M!X. JJ:HeCTp HBJ!ReTCH MeCTOM OT blX8
MHoroQH(;.,leHHoH apMHH nOKJIOHHHKOB pbl6HOH nOBJ!H, H8
6eperax Tl)ii peRH pacnOJ!O:IKeHbI BO Hble naHi.1HH, Typ68.
3b1, nnOHepCKHe narepH, AOM8 OTAblxa, cnopTHBHble 683b1.
01' HCTOK8 O Haq8J!a Bna.QeHHH B 4epHoe Mope npo-
TIIJKeflHOCTb 31'OH peKH COCT8BJIHeT 1352 KM, Ha BceM n06e-
pe:IKbe pacnOJlO1KeH!JI: COTHH ropO OB H ceJl. H8 rpaHHl.le
O eccKOJi o6.'1ac1"I1 H MOJIAOBbi OKOJlO ceJ!!! rJlIiHHOrO Ha
CTblKe JJ:Hecrp8 Hero npHTOK8 TYPYHQYK8, r e pacnOJlOJKe-
H8 M.0J! 8BCKaH rp3C, TypHCTbI noceTHT KY'lyprYHCKHH
J!IiMaH. B :HHX MeCT8X MOJKHO nOBHTb pbl6y. TIpH.QHeCTpOB-
CKHe 03ep8 npHBneK810T OXOTHHKOB, pb!60nOBOB H TypHCTOB.
Y TYPYHQYKa, r e pacnOJ!O:IKeH nrT 5e.IJHelJK8, eCTb OXOT.
HHqb>! 6a3s pbl60nOBOB II OXOTHHKOB C rOCTHHHueH H8 41
':e.riOl)eK8 H npHQ8J! co 100 J!0J].K8MH. 3Aecb BbI eJ!eHbI Pbl-
OO,'!oBHble YQ8CTKH.
OC060H nonynstpllOCTblO y TypHCTOB H 9KcKypcaHToB
nOJIb3yeTcH ropoA BeJJroPoA-.!J.HecTpoBCKlIH, Haxol\HlUIDICH
H8 cepe HHe n06epe1KbH ,!!HeCTpoBcKoro nHMBH!!. 31'0 O./IHH
163
113 C8MblX .npeBHHX ropO OB H81llell CTpaHbI. B HeM MO}!{HO
BCTpeTIITb CKH$CKHj: coopyJKeHHH, Ka3aU:KHe KypraHbI, HMe-
eTCI! cpeliHeBeKOBaSi KpenOCTb, lIpeBHellIllHll naMHTHHK -
CKH CKaH rp06HHU8, coxpaHH IICb naMHTHHKH apXIITeKTYPbl
(apMSlHCKaSi H rpe'leCKaH u:epKBII, nOCTpoeHHble B XIV-
XVI BeKax).
H8 TeppHTopllH, r e pacnOJlOJKeHO c. III a 60, JlIO 1I 0611-
TaJlII eme B peBHHe BpeMeHa, 'lTO nO TBepJKp.aeTcH apxeo-
JlOrH'leCKHMH HaXOliKaMII. 311eCb Bb! n03HaKOMllTeCb C Mec-
TaMH, rlle n06b!BaJ!H BeJ!IIKaH YKpaHHcKaH n03Tecca JIecH
YKpaHHKa, BeJlHKHll npOJIeTapCKHll nlfCaTeJIb M. fOpbKHll.
BOJ!bIIJOll ;'HTepec Bbl3b1BaeT D:HeCTpoBcKHll J!HMaH, 3 eCb
BO HTCH 70 pa3J!II'lHblX BH OB Pbl6, 3HaMeHHT OH CBOIIMII
paKaMH. Ha J!HM8He BbI eneHbI MeCTa JlH pbl6HOll J!OBJ1H.
YHIIKaJ!bHblM TBopeHHeM npllpo bI C'lHTaeTCH KapoJ!lI-
Ho-5yra3cKaH Koca', KOTopaH CJ!Y}!{HT J!IO HM KaK npeKpac-
Hblll nJ!H}!{. B J!eTHHll nepHo (c MaH no OKTSl6pb) B C8Ha-
TOPHHX, n8HCHOHaTax, nHoHepCKlfx J1arepSiX Ha KypopTe OT-
Ab!XaeT 60J!ee 500 TblCH'l B3pOCJ!blX II eTell.
MAPlllPYTbl I( BO)J.OEMAM
fJ!8BHblM oTnpaBHblM nYHKToM LlepHoMopcKoro 6accell-
Ha SiBJ!HeTCH O ecca. J.13 O eccbI MOJKHO Bbl6p8Tb Mapw-
PYTbI B caMbiX pa3J!H'lHblX HanpaBJ!eHHHx: K 6eper8M JJ:Hen-
p8, JJ:YH8H, IO}!{Horo Byra, B palloHbI J!IIMaHOB II 03ep. TIy-
TeIlleCTBlle BaM 06ecne'l8T noe3 a, aBT06ycbI, caMoJ!eTbI,
MopcKHe II pe'lHble cy a.
HaH60Jlee pacnpocTpaHeHHblMII M8pwpYTaMII CqllTalOTCH
CJlellYlOlilHe: JJ:YHAYICKOE HATIPABJ1EHI1E BKJlIOq8eT
MapwpYTb! Ha KIIJ!IIIO, BIIJ!KOBO, 113MallJ!, PeHH. Y 06Hee
Bcero B 31'11 ropo a Bac OCTaBHT «KOMeTbI» - 6b1CTPOXO -
Hble CY H8 Ha nO BO HblX KpblJ!bSiX. Ha aBT06YC8X 113 113-
MallJ!8 noceTIITe HaceJ!eHHble nYHKTbI, pacnOJ!O}!{eHHble Ha
6eper8X 03ep 51J!nyr, KaTJ!a6yx. TIelllKoM MO}!{HO npOllTII OT
113MallJ!a O PeHH, OCTaHOBIITbCH B 50J!rpa e. TIPI1TIPYT-
CKOE HATIPABJIEHI1E. K npHnpYTCKHM BOAoeMaM J!Y'l-
Ille 06paTbCH CaMOJIeTOM, BblnOJ!HHIOIllHM pellC KHIllIIHeB-
KarYJ!, HJ!II aBT06ycOM H3 KlflIJIIHeBa (O eccbI). OLlAKO-
BO-CKAJJ:OBCKOE HATIPABJIEHI1E. 113 O ecCbI O
O'laKOBa H CKa OBCKa ye eTe Ha aBTo6yce H 1f 'YJIeTlfTe
caMOJ!eTOM. KYPCHPYIOT cy a Ha nO BO HblX KpblJlbSiX. 31'0
HanpaBJ!eHlle Be eT TaK}!{e B CTOPOHY JJ:HenpoBcKo-5yrcKo-
164
ro J!IIMaHa, K TeH pe, JJ:}!{apblnra'lCKOMY II l(apKHHHTCKOMY
3aJlIIBaM, PeHC 38HIIMaeT He 60Jlee 3,5 'laca.
B Oq8KOB npSBllnbHee 6y eT nJ!blTb H8 «l(oMeTe». He-
8neKO 01' O'laKOBa - ropo HIIKoJ!8eB, KY 8 TO}!{e MO]KHO
npoex8Tb H8 «KoMeTe». OTnp8BJlHHCb aJ!blIJe no IO]KHoMY
Byry, noceTHTe HOByro O,n:eccy, B03HeceHcK II pYflle H8-
CeJleHHble nYHKTbI. KOHe'lHblM nYHKToM ,noro M8PlllPYT8
HBnHeTCH nepBoMaHcK.
BeJlReBCKO-fpall.eHHUKOe HanpaBJ1eHHe. 113 OAeCCbI K ]KH-
BonllCHbiM 6eper8M JJ:HeCTp8, TYPYH'laKa IIJ!II Kyqypr8H-
CKOro BO OXpaHHnHlII.a OmpaBJIfllOTCfl aBT06ycbI. BpeMR B
IIYTH 3 'laca.
BeJlrOpo -.lI.HecTpoBcKoe HanpaBJIeHHe. K n06epe]KblO
JJ:HecTpoBcKoro J!HMaH8 Bac ,n:OCTaBHT MapwpytHbie 8BTO-
6ycbI, TaKCII, ::meKTponoe3 a, CYAa Ha nO BO HblX KpblnbflX.
l..(eJ!eco06pa3Hble OCTaHOBKII; H8 npOMe1KYTO'lHOH CT8HII.HH
3aTOKa H KOHeqHOH-BeJ!ropo -JJ:HeCTpOBCKHH. JJ:8nee nYTb
cne yeT no HeCTpy It Tllp8cnOJ!1O H BeH epaM, K JJ:y60c-
capCKOMY Bo oxpaHIIJlHmy.
TMHrYJlbCKHA J1HM8H. ExaTh peHCOBbiM 8BT06ycOM
0,neCC8 - KaJlHHOBKa O u:eHTpanbHOH q8CTII n1lM8Ha, elIl.e
Ba 'laca YXO IIT, 'lT06b1 06p8TbCH O ero BepXOBbR Ha
aBT06yce, lI,n:ymeM ,n:o Bepe30BKII. )l(eJl8TeJIbHO ClI.eJlaTb
OCTaHOBKY - .lI.OHCK8H BanKa.
I(YRoIIbHHI.\KHA H Xall.]KH6eAcKHA J1HMaHbI. C nnOm8,11,11
M8pTblHOBCKorO - H8 8BT06yce, OT XepCOHCKoro CKBepa
IIJ1H OT TIepecblnCKoro MOCT8 - H8 Tp8MB8e.
MOPCI(OE nOBEPE)I(bE,
J1I1MAHbl II 3.lI.PABHIIlI.bI
Kyn8TbcH B Mope B O ecce np8KTII'leCKII MO:IKHO C MaR
no OKTfl6pb, T. e. nO'lTII nOJIro,n:a. 5Ip Koe II TenJloe CO,//HUe
CBeTIIT 60J!ee 280 HeH B ro y, 'lHCTblH B03 YX, Tennoe MO-
pe, nIlMaHbI C J!e'le6HblMII rpH3HMII C03 a1OT IICKnlO'lIlTenbHO
6J1arOnpllHTHbie ycnOBIIH JlH OTAblX8 H 03 opOBneHIIR.
JJ:s}!{e npll BblCOKOH TeMnepaType II :lK8pKOM neTe 'lYBCTBY-
eWb ce6H HenJ!OXO, nOTOMY 'lTO Mope YMepHeT 3HOit. TeM-
nep8Typa B03 yxa 'lame Bcero B HIOJ!e (C8MblH ]K8PKIIA
MeCHII.) COCTaBJ!HeT 22-24°, .lI:OCTllraH B OT eJlbHble AHII
37-38°, a MopcKaH BO 8 nporpeBaeTcH 06b1'lHO 11.0 20-22°,
113pe K8 o 24°.
BonbIllIIM 60raTcTBoM O eccbI HBJ!HIOTCH nJ!H]KII. K HHM
OTHOCHTCH npllpo Hble (JIY3aHoBKa, 4epHoMopK8, l(aponH-
165
Ho-Byr83) II C03 aHHhIe PYKOH tJeJlOaeKa (ApK8 HH, JJ:eJib-
cplIH, OTp8Jia, 48HK8, 30nOTOH oeper II ,np.). TIm\}\{H ropO 8
OAeCChI O HOBpeMeHHO MorYT 06cnYJKIIB8Tb .nO 400 ThICH\!
qeJlOBeK II SiIJJiSlIOTCH KpyrrHeHllllIMII 6a3aMH OT hIX8 OHH
060PY OBfI.HbI rpll6KaMII, TorrtJaH8MII, COnllpllstMH, YIlleBbI-
MH, crropiHBHblMII rrJlO1ll8 K8MII, IIMelOTCH pecTopaHbI, KaiJ;e,
pa3nlltJHble KHOCKH, llJlOm8,nKH 8TTpa.E!.HOHOB, no,notJHble
npll'JaJ!bI.
XaAJKH6eAcKHA H I(YHJlbHHI.{KHA J1HMaHbI. X8 ]K1I6eHcKIli\
.'1HI\'>!!II B AmlHY AOCTHr8eT 30 KM, B WHpHHy-3 KM. OT e-
J!SleTCH OT KYHJlbHIIUKOro HII BOCTOKe )i\eBaxoBoH ropOH.
OT MOpSl - 4-KHnoMeTpoBoH rrepeCblJ!!tID. ApxeoJ!orH C'III-
TalOT, qTO X8,11,)!{I!6eHCKllii II KYSlJibHlIl.{KIIH nllMaHbI B IIl-
IV BeK8X AO H. 3. CB060 HO C0061118J1HCb C MopeM. KpYTOH
CKJ10H )KeB8xoBOH ropbl HBnSlJlCSI MOpCKrlM 6eperoM, qTO
nO TBep;;;{ aeTCH apxeOJ!orll'leCKIIMH H8xO KaMII.
BO 8 Xa ]KIIOeHCKoro J!IIMSHa TO COJ!eHa i, K8K B OKea-
He, II Tor 8 OHa He BblMep3aeT a]Ke B cypoBbie 311MbI, TO
IlOQTII npeCHOBO HaH. B X8 ]K1I6eHCKOM J!IIMaHe paHbille
]KHJlII 6b1tJKII, rnocca, Ka.!JKaH (MOpCK8S1 pbl6a), a B H8CTOH-
lII.ee BpeMH B 60J!bIllOM KonlltJeCTBe BCTpetJalOTCJI KapaCb
Kapil, nelll H HeCTpOBCKIIH cy aK. H8 JlHM8He BbI,I1.eneHbI
yqacTKH ,[I,JIH pbl60J!OBOB-nI06I1TeJ!eH.
H8 Xa,n:IKH6eikKOM nHMaHe pacrrOJ!OJKeHbI ,nBa ,neTCKHX
C8HaTOpllst: caHaropHH HMeHII OKTH6pbCKOH peBo.llOUHH (B
ceJle XonO HaH BanKa, B 28 KM OT O.t\eccbI, I!pOe3 aB'W-
6YCOM .N!! 51 OT pbIHKa «fIPIIB03») II «Xa ]KH6eij» (B ce.7Ie
YC8TOBO, B 10 KM OT O eccbI, npoe3 8BT06ycOM N9 73
C rrn01ll8 11 M8pTblHoBcKoro 1IJ111 TpaMB8eM N9 20 OT
XepcoHcKoro cKBep8).
B 3TH X C8HaTopllHX JIetJ8T ,neTeH, CTpa alOmHX uepe-
6p8J!bHblM rrapaJ!HtJOM, peBMaTH3MOM, 3a60neB8HIIHMII orrop-
HO-ABllraTe.7IbHOrO 8rrnap8T8. BOJlbillOH 34>4>eKT B netJeHIIH
,II,81OT rpH3eBbie npOl.\e,nypbl, p8nHble, COJ!HHO-XBOHHble II
COJ!lIetJHble BaHHbI, 4>1I3KYJlbl'ypa, netJe6H8H rHMH8CTHKa II T. .
n8p8nJle.7lbHO Xa >KH6eHCKOMY nHMaHY H8 p8CCTOSlHHH
3-5 KM p8CnOJl{):lKeH KYHJlbHIIUKllit JlHMSH rrpOTH:lKeHHOC-
TbID CBblwe 30 KM, WllpllHa MeCT8MII COCT8BJ1HeT o 3 KM,
M8KCIIM8nbH8S1 rny611H8 - o 7 M, J!IIMaH 6e3pbl6eH. rJ!aB-
HOH npllTHr8TeJlbHOH cllnoH KYHnbHlIl.lKOrO nllM8H8 stBJ!HeT-
CH rpH3b II C8M8 BO 8. 4y 0 eHcTBeHHble «erHrreTCKlle B8H-
Rbi» rrpHBJleKaJIH 60nbHblX nlO eH H3 pa3HblX KOHI.lOB eme
B opeBOJ!lOltIlOHHOH POCCIIII.
rpSl3eJ!eqe6HblH KYPOPT «l(ystnbHIIK» 6b1J1 C03,n8H B 1843
rOAY II SlEnSleTCH OAHIIM H3 cTapeHwHX B perHoHe. Haqll-
166
Haft C 1893 rO 8, «KYHJ!bHHU npeBpalllaeTCSI B KpynHelllllYIO
rpft3eJIe'le6H1IU:y CTp8HbI, oc060 OH npe06p83yeTCft B COBeT-
CKlIll neplloA. Cero HH «KYHnbHIIK» - C8M8H COBpeMeHH8H
rpSl3eJ1eqe6HIlu.8 C 60raTbiMII HaY'IHO-MeTOAII'leCKIIMII, Tpa-
IIUIIHMII. KYHJ!bHIIUKaSl J!e'le6HaSl rpH3b CO epJKMT MIIHe-
paJ!bHble COJlII, OpraHII'IeCKlle Bell{eCTBa, BO HO-COJ!HHOH
p8CTBOp, OHa H8CblllleHa 6pOMOM, HO OM, ropMOHono 06-
HblMH BemeCTB8MH.
JIeqe6H8H rpH3b KYSlJ!bHHK8 IIcnOJ!b3yeTcH II B PYfIIX
C8HaTopllSlX PCC:>CP, YKp811HbI, BeJ!oPycclIlI. JJ:06b1BaIOT ee
eJKerOAHO o 6 TblCSlq TOHH. OTJ!II'1HblM ne'le6HblM 9tl>4>eK-
TOM 06J!8 8eT II nllMaHH8H Bo a, IIJ!II pan8, HaCblllleHHaH
COJ!HMII 3H8'1I1TeJ!bHO 60nbwe, 'leM MOpCK8H BOA8. B caH8-
TOpllSlX «KYSlnbHIIK8» JleqaTCH 60J!bHble, CTpa 8lOmlle H8-
pyweHHSlMM onopHO-ABllraTeJIbHOrO 8nnap8Ta, ueHTp8J!bHoit
II nepll4>epll'lecKoA HepBHOll CHCTeM. TIpll «KYHJ!bHIIKe» IIMe-
'eTCSI nOJ!IIKJlIIHIIK8 C naHCIIOHaTOM II KypCOBbiM OT eneHlleM.
OT JKeJ!e3HOAopOJKHOro BOK3an8 Ha KYSlJlbHHK M YT
aBT06ycbI.
OT MOpft KYSlnbHMK OT enHeT WHpOKaSl nepeCblnb, 3a
HelO HaxO IITCSI OTJllI'IHblll fiJISlJK JIY3aHOBK8. K nJ!SlJKY
npllMblK8eT n8pK IIMeHII KOTOBCKoro, 31j,110JKeHHblll B 1926
rOAY II OTHOCSlllllIHCH K naMHTHIIK8M C8 OBO-lIapKOBOro IIC-
KYCCTB8.
H8 6epery MOpSl pacnOnOJKeH nHoHepcKlIll Jl8repb «Mo-
J!o aSl rBap IIH», 8 A8J!ee He60nbwoe ceJlo rB8p ellCKoe
(Ye68HK8), r e B 1925 ro Y 6b1n y611T r. 11. KOTOBCKHH.
B Ye6aHKe B03 BllrHYT naMSlTHIIK JlereH apHOMY repolO
rpaJK aHCKOii BOllHbI.
TII.nllryJlbcKIIA JIIIMati. ECTecTBeHHblM npo oJ!JKeHlleM
peKII TIIJ!HrYJ! SlBJ!SleTCSI J!UMaH, Ha:m3HHblH TIIJlllrYJ!bCKIIM.
OH CJlaBHTCSI pbl6HblMII 60raTCTBaMIl. !(Of,i,a y 6eperoB XO-
pOIUO nporpeBaeTClI Bo a, B TIIJ!HrYJ! 3axOAilT KetfJaJlb-
OTKOpMHTbCSI, Ha6p8TbCSI CIIJI. 3 eCb 060CHOBaJlHCb 6bl'lKH-
KHYTbI (B HH30Bbe, nO'lTH y MOpSl), rJ!occs, MO>KHO BCTpe-
THTb B JlHMaHe «CKIITaJ!bU3 MOpH» - yrpH. OAH8KO TMnll-
rynbcK8H pbl6a H8XO IITCSI no OC060H oxpaHOll. H8 TMJlII-
rynbcKoM J!IIMaHe BbiAeneHbI CneIJ,lIaJ!hHble MeCT8 JlSI J!IO-
6I1TeJ!ell-pbl60J!OBOB. JIHMaH CJlYJKIIT MeCTOM rHC3AOB8HIIH
nTIIU.
BepeaaHCKIIA .nIlMaH. 3aHIIMaeT 1IJI0ma OKOJ!O 5000 ra,
BepIllIIH8 em YA8J!eH8 OT MOpSl o 30 KM. TypllcTOB H JKH-
TeJlell 0 eccbI OH npllBJ!eK8eT 6,oJ!bllle Bcero 6b1'1KaMII. JIe-
TOM clO a TypllCTbI nplle3JK81OT OT blX8Tb ceMbHMII, nH
'Iero BbiAeneHbI cneUII8nbHble yq3CTKH.
167
AHeCTpOBCKHA JlHM8H. B JJ:HeCTpOBCKOM JlIIMaHe 0611Ta-
IDT 60nee 70 pa3J!II'1HblX BHAOB Pbl6, 3118MeHHT J!IIM8H p8'
X8MM. JJ:J!H J!106HTeJ!ell pbl60JlOBCTBa BbI eJ!eHbI Y'1acTKH
KaK H8 npaBoM, TaK II H8 J!eBOM n06epeJKbe.
CyxoA JlHMaH. H8 CYXOM nll"M8He pacnOnOJKeHbI Hnbll.
'1eBcKHll MOpCKOll nopT H ropo HJ!bH'1eBcK. OTclOAa H8.
qllH8eTCH n8poMH8H nepenpaB8 MeJK Y OAeccoll II BapHoll.
3a CYXIIM nllM8HOM H8'1IIH8IOTCH o eCCKlle 6eper8 COT.
JllI"qHb\MII nJ!HJKaMII, n8pK8MII" II" Ca 8MII, C8HaTOpilllMIl.
Bcero B 1,5 KM 01' 3aToKH eCTb By.o.aKcKHA JlHMaH -
Y3K8H JlIIHOll nO'1TII 15 KM nOJlOC8 OT eJ!HeT BY 8KCKMll
JIIIM8H aT MOpH. Ere ellle Ha3b1BaIOT no-cT8pOMY - llla60.
JI8TOM. 3Ta Teppll"TOpHH HBJ!HeTCH 3aKa3HHKOM. By aKCKaH
rpH3b CJlOeM l1.0 2 MeTpoB M8J!0 '1eM YCTyn8eT KYHJ!bHIII1.KOH
H a4>4>eKTIIBHo IICnOJlb3yeTcH 6J1113J!eJK8ILtIlMH C8H8TOpIlHMIl.
l!ene6HocTb rpH3eii II panbl 3Toro J!IIM8H8 6una onpe eJ!e-
H8 eIlle B 1887 ro y PYCCKII"M yqeHblM-KypopToJloroM npo.
4>eccopoM HOBopocclIllcKoro YHHBepcHTeT8 A. A. Bepllro.
Y 06Hoe reorp84>H'1eCKoe nOJ!OJKeHHe H8 6epery 4epHo,
ro MOpH, MHI'I{Hll KJIHMaT, y aqHOe CO'1eTaHHe CTenHoro II"
MopcKoro B03Ayxa, 06HJlHe COJIHeqHblX AHell, u.eHHble u.ene6.
Hble 4>8KTOpbl J!HM8HOB (u.eJle6Hble rpHs:!, pan8, MMHepaJlb-
Hble IICTO'1HII"KII), l1.J!MTenbHblll nJ!HJKHblll ce30H, H30611J!lIe
4>PYKTOB II oBoIllell cnoc06cTBOB8J!H npeBp8llleHHIO O eccbI
BO BcecolO3HYlO 3Ap8BHII"U.y. EJKerO HO Ha Ol1.eCCKHX KYpOp.
T8X nonpaBJ!HIDT 3AOpOBbe oonee 400 TblCH'1 '1eJlOBeK. MH-
Hep8J1bHble IICTO'1HIIKII, u.eJ!e6Hble J!IIM8HbI IIMelOTCH Ha Tep-
pHTOpHHX KypOpTOB. BOJ!ee 70 caHaTOpll"eB B 9 KypOPT-
HbiX p8ll0H8X pacnOJlO]KeHbI OT J1Y38HOBKII H8 ceBepe o
l(aponllHo.Byr838 H8 lOre H8 npOTHJKeHll1l nO'1TII 70 KM.
)l(EJ1AEM BAM XOPOlliEro OTJJ:blXA!
HECKonbKO HHTEPECHbiX MAPWPYTOB
TIoCJJe TOrO K8K Y B8C nOHBIWCH OnbiT nOXO OB BblXO,ll,-
liOrO HH. MO]KHO TpOr8TbCH B MHoroAHeBHble rroxoAbi.
He cneWliTe CP83Y ]Ke yex8Tb aJ!eKO (B Apyryro pec-
nyOJJliKY linli HS ApyroA KOHell. CTp3HbI). TIpO]KliB3tollllie
B O eccKoA 06J18CTli Moryr nOCMOTpeTb opOCliTeJIbHYto CM-
CTeMY tor!! YKp8HHbI, n06b1B3Tb y J!ereH 8pHoit T8'l8HKli,
npOBeCTli OTnYCK y K8xoBcKoro BOllOXp8HHJllill{a linH A30B-
CKoro MOpH. CBoA OT blX B noxo e opraHli3yATe T8K, 'lT06b1
60J!bwe npoATli neUlKOM, YBH eTb MHOro liHTepeCHoro, no-
pbl68'lliTb, nOKyn8TbcH, n038ropaTb. 113 3TliX co06pa:IKeHHA
60JlbwoA liHTepec npeliCTaBJ!HeT tor YKp8liHbI, 38nOp0]K-
CK8H, XepCOHCK8H, KpblMCK811 06nacTli. BOT HeCKOJ!bKO liH-
TepecHbix M8plllpyTOB,
MAPlliPYT .Nil 1
r. 38nOpO]Kbe - noc. BepXHHH XOPTliti8 - KpYTOHP-
CKoe J!eCHliqeCTBO - c. 5eJleHbKOe - r. Mapr8Hell. - c. fo-
pO llIll.e - r. HliKonoJ!b - C. K8nYJ!OBKa - C. DOKpOB-
CKoe.
06m8H npOTHJKeHHOCTb MapwpYT8 OKOJ!O 120 KM, li3 Hlix
50 KM neWKOM. JJ:JlliTeJlbHOCTb nYTewecTBliH - 6-7 CyrOK.
TIewexollHble OTpe3KH: noc. BepxHHH XOpTlill.8 - c. BeJleHb-
Koe - c. KanYJ!oBK8 - c. TIoKpoBcKoe.
03HaKoMJ!eHlie C 38rrOpO]KbeM nyqwe H8qliH8Tb OT AaM-
6b1 .nHenp0I'3C8 HMellli B. 11. JIeHHHa. CeA'I8C K HeA Be eT
Kp8cMBeAlliHH B 3anOpO]Kbe MOCT. JJ:HenpOI'3C BeerA8 MOJIOA.
JJ:HenpoBcK8H 3HepreTH'leCK8H CliCTeM8 - 01lH8 H3 C8MblX
60nbUlHx B cTp8He. C pO)!( eHlieM JJ:Henpor3C8 CBH38HO H
pa3BMTHe HOBoro COIl.H8JJHCTli'leCKOrO ropo.u.8, KOTOpblA BbI-
rO HO p8CnOJIO]KHnCH Me]K Y 60r8TblMli rrOA3eMHblMli KJ!8-
OBbiMli (PY 8 I(PliBOPO:IKbH li yrOJ!b JJ:oH68CC8).
B 38nOpO:IKbe nYTeUleCTBeHHliKli MorYT n03HaKOMHTbCH
C pH OM 38BOAOB. A AeTHM He6e3b1HTepeCHo n06b1B8Tb H8
86pa3liBIJOM 38Bo e, rAe B nJ!aBliJ!bHblX neq8X nonyqStoT
liCKyccTBeHHble M8Tepli8J!bI, KOTopble no cBoeA TBepAocTli
no WKane MOOC8 H8nOMliH8toT 8J1Ma3b1. 11M T8K]Ke liliTe-
169
peCHO yaHaTb 0 60nbillOM npOIl3BO CTBe - M8CnOJKllpKOM-
6HHaTe, r e pa60TaeT Bcero 2-3 pa60qllx (MHoro Mexa.
RR3MOBII aBTOMaTOB), 0 3aBOAe MIIKpOJIHTpS:!KRblX aBTO-
M06MeH «KoMMYHap».
HeJlb3H npoHTII MIIMO 06J1aCTHOro KpaeBe,lI.'leCKOrO MY-
3eJl.
TaM nYTemecTBeHHHKII Y3HalOT MHOiO IIHTepeCHOro
o npOWJlOM 11 HaCTOJlIIleM 3anOpO:!KbJl.
Henb3H He n06b1B8Tb Ha BepXHej;\ XopTlIU.e. 0'1 ,lI.aM6b1
OTXO,lI.HT aBT06ycbI Ha BepXHlO1O XOPTHUY. KOTopble COKpa-
THT CeMIIKIIJlOMeTpOBoe paccToHHHe. TaM MO:!KHO noceTIITb
Ka6enbHblH 3aBo)J., OT,!!.OXHYTb non ceHblO 3HaMeHIIToro sa-
nopmKCKoro y68, KOTOPOMY y]ll.e aBHo nepeBanll.'iO 3a
600 JleT. 3TOT BeJlIIKall-KpacaBeu 36-MeTpoBoro pOCTa lie
nepeCTaeT pa OBaTb rnas. TIHTb 'lenOBeK, B3HBIllIICb 33
PYK". He BeerAa MorYT 06HHTb ero CTBOJI.
Ha lOr OT Ay6a B 6anKe pacKIIHynCJI BeJlIIKOnenHblH
MHKpopailoH 3anOpO]ll.bH, CB1I3aHHblH C ueHTpOM ropo a
,meKTpll'lKOH 11 TpOnJleH6YCHblM coo6w.eHHeM. A TaM II HIIJK-
HHH XopTHua.
B 15 KllnOMeTpax Ha IDr 01' BepxHeH XOPTIIUbi pacno-
JlaralOTCSI >KIIBOnIlCHble ceJla P03YMoBKa 11 KaHeBcKoe, 113-
BeCTHbie IIHTepeCllbiMII naneOHTOnOmqeCKIIMII HaXO,lI.KaMH.
OT IOJKHOrO Kpall OCTpOBa XopTIIua Ha'lHHaeTCSi KaxoB-
CKoe Mope, npoTHHyBllleecH B nHHY nO'1TII Ha 240 Kllno-
MeTpoB (06IIlllil 061>eM BO.!J.oxpaHHnllllla 14 MHJlnHapAOB
Ky6H'leCKIIX MeTpoB BO bI).
OCTaBIIB n03a 1I nblCYK> ropy, BbI enHlOwYlOcH neC'la-
HoA BepmHHoH, Ha KOTOpoil BO BpeMeHa 3anOpO]ll.CKOH Ce'lll
6b1na Ka3aUK8S1 sacTaBa, nocne HII>KHeil XOpTIIUbI, Ha npH-
CTaHII c. BeneHbKoro nYTemeCTBeHHHKII caASlTCSI Ha KaTep.
H nOKa 6Y,lI.eTe nnblTb 40 KIIJlOMeTpOB o r. MapraHua, no-
CMoTpHTe ,lI.JlIIHHble, O,lI.eTbie B KaMeHb aM6b1. OHII He Tonb-
KO YKpennSiIOT 6eper, HO 11 saIIlllIIlaIDT sane]ll.lI MapraHue-
Boil PY bI OT 3aTonneHIISI. ECJlII C BaMII eTH. TO :!KeJlaTeJlb-
110 n06b1BaTb Ha OnHOM 113 PY HHKOB, r e pe6J1Ta CBOHMII
rnasaMH YBII HT, KaK ,lI.06b1BaeTCH ueHHoe .Cblpbe ,lI.nH 32-
BO OB TIpll HenpoBbH.
A ecnll nOJKeJlaeTe OT,lI.OXHYTb Ha n.'J1I]II.e, TO no npll-
6peJKHOMY ac4>MbTOBOMY Illocce JlerKO o6paTbCSI AO' ceJl
I(pacHo-fpllropbeBKa 11 fopO HlII.e, OT HHX Ha ceBep ,lI.aneKO
B Mope YXO IIT MbiC - BblCOKllii nnSl]ll., KOTOPblH 11 ceil'lac
HasbiBaeTCH OCTpOBOM.
B 25 KHJlOMeTpax OT MapraHua HaXO,lI.HTCH IIHTepecHbliI
CBOIIM IICTOpll'leCKIIM npOmJlblM 11 HaCTOHll{IIM ropon HII-
170
KOnOJ1b, KOTOpbli\ B nepeBO;:te 03Ha'laeT «ropO.n n06e bI».
Maoro HHrepeCHoro 0 HeM paCCKB:meT !lKCn031U HH MecTHoro
KpaeBe.n'IeCKOrO MY3eH.
El:.im Bbi pBCnOJI3rSeTe BpeMeHeM, TO MOJKeTe n06b1BaTb
B C. KanJIYHOBKa, pacnOJIOJKeHHOM B 20 Ki!.JlOMeTpSx OT HH-
KOnOJIH B YCTbHX peKH LJepTOMJIblK. TaM' r.ne-TO HaXo.nHJlaCb
lfepTOMJIbll.\KaH 3anOpOJKCK8H Ce% - l.\eHTp Ka3aqeCTBa,
CblrpsBmaH nporpecCHBHYro pOJIb B HCTOpHH YKpaHHcKoro
HapoJl,s. A B 10 KHJ10MeTpax 0'1 C€JIa KsmrYHoBKa pacno-
narseTCH ellte O HO 1KHBOnHCHoe, 3HaMeHHToe npe6b1BaHHeM
B HeM 3SnOpOJKCKOrO KB3a'IeCTBa ceno TIOKpoBCKoe. OTcro.na
B 3anOp01Kbe BepHHTeCb KSTepoM.
ECJ1H 1Ke BpeMeHeM rpynna He pacnOJIaraeT, TO H3 HH-
KOnOJIH B 3SnOpOJKbe MOJKHO BblexaTb !lJIeKTpHqKOH. 3'1'0
C3KOHOMHT BpeMIJ.
MAPIlIPYT .Nil 2
1'. 38nopmKbe - c. 6aJla6HHO -. noc. KYillyrYM - nJlaB-
hi - c. ManaH EKaTepHHoBKa - c. f'pHropbeBKB - r. Ba-
CHJlbrimKa - c. BaJiKH - c. BJiarOBemeHKs - c. MH'IVpH-
HO -- C. J1.HenpoBKa - r.KaMeHKa - c. JJ:HenpoBcKaH -
c. DOllbillaH 3HaMeHKa - c. AJleKCeeBKa.
06LQaH npCTID!<;eHHocTb MapmpYTa 170 KM, neWKOM -
rrOJlOBHHa nYTH. TIemeXO.llHb!e oTpe3KH: r. 3anOp01Kbe -
c. rpl!rOpbeBKa: c. Ba,nKH - r. KaMeHKa - c. ,[l,HenpoB-
CKSH.
L JljiTt:nbHOC'Jb MapwpyTa 6y.neT 3BBHceTb OT npo.noJl-
Hn!TenbHOCTH OT.nblxa Y BO b!. Ha !lTO 1 MapillPYTe B03MOX{-
HOCTH 60JIbIllH(" 110 cpaBHelmro C I1pe.nb!'!!YllJ.riM.
DpHmpu.nrlblM f!BT06ycOM (y I01KHOrO BOK32J1a) M01K!.O
.noeX8Tb .no 06J1aCTHOH CeJIbCKoX03Hi{CTB€:HIiOii CTI.iHUUH, fJ e
ecrb B03MO)f{HOCTb mJ3HaKOMHTbCH I.: :!1;pe.nOl.1b1MH HayqHbI-
MH MeTOD.aMH BelleaHH KonX03Horo npOH3BOD.C1'BS, C .nOCTH-
1KeHH5!MH nepe.nOBHKOB 3snopo1K(''!WH: OOJIaCTH.
ECJIH 1Ke peIllHJlI! H TH neIlli!OM, TO y.u06Hee HS'IHH8Tb
0'1 IOJKHOro 80K3aJla, HAH no ac!jJa.'!bTHpOBSHfiOH: .nopore H
MOCTY qepe3 peqKY KyruyrYM H D.aJlbille - K neC'laHblM
KapbepaM, K nJ:8BH>!M. B 3TOM CJJyq,.e BaID nYTb 5YAeT npo-
XO.nHTb 110 .naM6e. JJ:aJK€ :; )Eapi\YIO noro.ny 3.necb npHSlTHaH
npox.r:a)la, T<1K KaK cnpcBa nm"w.eTCH KaxOBCKoe Mope.
TIpOiJJl.11 5 KiiJlot,:CTPOB, MO)KHO C.llemn'b npHBaJI. OCMOTpH'
Te, b BOKpyr: mepa. H npoToKH, n8KJlOW'HHbie H3,1.\ BOJ!,OH
HBcl, nblIllHiJH KOBep LLBeTOB H TpaB, KycTapHHK, ;tYJKaHKH,
pyq. AKH H 3aBOJ!,H. Ho TonbKO HI(; YB'1el(a.heCb! He 3axo.nH-
171
Te .lI.SJIeKO - B TaKllX 3SpOCJIHX H 3s6nYlUiTbCH HeJl,OJIfO.
310 OCTSTKH 3HSMeHHTblX lIHenpoBcKHX nJISBHeli. I1x elIl.e
Ha3b1BarOT KOHCKHMH nJl8BHHMH, nOToMY '1'10 O H 60nee '1eM
Ha 100 KHJlOMeTpOB npoTHHYJIHCb MeJKlIY JJ:HehpoM H peq-
KOH KOHKOIi. 3anopmKcKHe Ka3aKH H83b1BSJlH TH nnaBHH
«BenHKllM nyrOM». 3TH MeCTa 6b1nH nOQTH HenpHcTynHbI
lInH BparOB. CIO a neTOM Mor npo6pSTbCH TonbKO TOT, MH
KOro nJIaBHH 6b1JIH pOAHblM 1I0MOM. TIOEITOMY 3SnOpO)!{lJ,bI H
rOBopHnH, '1TO lIJIH HHX «CHq - MaTb, BeJlHKHH J1yr -
OTelJ,».
3D.eCb, B nnaBHHX, D.eTH MorYT C06P8Tb ueHHblH repoa-
PHH, 03H8KOMHTbCH C MHoro'mCJIeHHblMH npelICT8BHTeJlHMH
BOlIHblX H BOllHo-6onOTHb!X nepHaTbiX. J1MeHTe npH ce6e
noneBOH OHHOKJIb H Bb! YBHD.HTe MHoro HHTepeCHoro.
TIoCJIe nn8BHeH oeper OYlIeT Kpyqe. B 6aJIKe BapaHOBOH
YBHlIHTe BbixOlI cepblx rnHH, H2 KOTOpblX eCTb OTne'laTKH
lIpeBHHX nHCTbeB H CTeOJleH H KOCTeH MaMOHTOB, )!{HBWHX
31IeCb 15-20 MJIH. JIeT TOMY Ha3SlI.
OCTaBHB n03aD.H c. B8naoHHo, KywyrYM, pHD.OM C JKe-
ne3HOH lIoporoH YBHlIHTe neqH nH 061KHra H3BeCTH lInH
3aBO S 3snOpO)!{CT8J1b, KOTopaH HBJlHeTCH COCTaBHOH 'lac-
TblO srnoMepaTa, HeOOXOD.HMoro MH BblnJlSBKH qyrYH8.
3Aecb OTKnOHHTeCb OT oepera BneBO K aBToMarHCTpaJiH
MocKBa - CHMcpepOnOJIb. TaM, rlIe wocce BCTpe'laeTCH C
KaxoBcKHM MopeM, pS3J1HnOCb cerolIHHwHee YCTbe pe'lKH
KOHKH. BaweMY B30Py npeD.CTaHeT BOlIHQe 3epKano, Hcce-
'1eHHOe 3eMnHHblMH D.aM08MH - 31'0 oOBanoBaHHble npYlIbl,
rlIe pa3BolIHT pbl6y (eJKeroD.HbIH «ypO)!{aH» - 60nee 100
TblCH'I ueHTHepOB npOMblCJlOBOH pblObl).
H8 rO)!{HOM CKnOHe 1I0.'1HHbI pscnonaraeTCH C. BecenHH-
Ka. OTcrOlIa D.O B8CHJlbeBKH (OKOJlO 30 KM) nOe3JK"8HTe aB-
TOOYCOM HnH noe31I0M (OT CT. TInaBHH O TSBpHqeCKoH).
He 1I0e3JKaH KHJtoMeTpa 1I0 r. BaCHJIbeBKa, nepe.n. MOCTOM
Qepe3 peqKY Kapa'lOKp8K, npaBee 800 MeTpoB CoxpsHHnHcb
CJleAbi pBOB H BSJlOB - OCTaTKOB CTapHHHblX MHHHXOBCKHX
YKpenneHHH, coopYJKeHHblX B 1736-1788 rr.
A B BaCHnbeBKe OOpaTHTe BHHM8HHe Ha 38MOK, HeCKOJIb-
KO HanoMHHaroUtHH KpeMJIeBCKHe coopYJKeHHH, BBHlIY '1ero
ero Ha3b1BarOT BaCH.rIbeBCKHM KpeMneM. SlTO OblBWHH 3aMOK
uapCKoro rocy apcTBeHHoro caHOBHHKS B8CHJIHH nonOBa.
Tenepb 31IeCb UIKOJIa-HHTepil8T.
A lIanbwe H HTe )!{HBOnHCHbiM 6eperoM B CTOPOHY
c. BanKH, p8CnOnOJKeHHOrO B 24 KHJIOMeTpax OT BacHJtbeB-
KH. TIpH )!{enSHHH H3 BaJIKH MO)!{HO C eJlaTb aBTOoycHYro
!lKcnelIHUHro B MHxaHnoBKY, B Bonbwyro HJIH ManylO Be-
172
Jl03epKY. A cnycTH 30 KM nOCJJe c. EaJlKH - c. EnaroBe-
llleHKa. El.Qe 30 KHnoMeTpoB - H KaMeHKa-JJ:HenpoBcK3H.
OOpSTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha BbiCOKHe .n;SMObi B.n;OJlb 6epera. OHH
npoTHHynHcb Ha 18 KHJIOMeTpOB H 3SIllHIllafOT nonH OT 3"8-
TonneHHH MopeM.
KaMeHKS HMeeT HH1'epeCHOe npowJloe H He MeHee HHTe-
peCHoe HaCTOHlllee.
113 KaMeHKH-JJ:HenpOBCKOH 1oI0JKHO BepHYT.bCH B 3sno-
pOJKbe KaTepOM.
c.lIe.n;YlQlltHe TPH M3pIllpyT3 .n;3 YT BaM B03MOJKHOCT.b
nOObiBaT.b Ha A30BCKOM Mope.
MAPWPYT Ni3
r. Eep HHCK - C. HOBoneTpOBKa - C. OCHneHKO-
C. HHKonaeBK3 - c. Kapna MapKca - c. EenouepKOBKa -
C. 6an.bMaHKS - C. CMHpHOBO - CTSHUHH BepXHHH TOKMaK.
Ooru3H npOTHJKeHHOCTb oonee 100 KM, H3 HHX neIllKOM -
50 KM. TIpOD.OnJKH'l1MbHOCTb nyTeWeCTBHH - 7 CYTOK.
TIewexo.n;Hble o7pe3KH: r. OepD.HHCK - c. Kapna MapK-
C3; c. CMHpHOBO - c. AJleKCeeBKa.
TIYTellIeC7BHe MOJKHO Haqa7b KaTepoM Ha oep.n;HHcKYlQ
KOCY. A 3J1.bIlle nof.!.n;eTe oeperoM MOpH. BnepeD.H HeCKOJlb.
KO npaBee nOOJleCKHBSeT BOD.HOOe 3epKaJlo. .3T0 npecHblH
nHMaH, oopa30BaBIllHHcH B YCTbe peqKH 6epD.bI. Ero rnyoH-
Ha He npeBbilliaeT MeTpa. C MopeM OH CBH3aH npOTOKOH.
ClQ.n;s BecHoii Ha HepeCT 3aXOD.HT KOCHKH a30BCKHX pblO.
3TOT nHMaH HBnHeTCH rocy apc7BeHH"'M 3anOBeD.HHKOM He-
peCTS, H BblnOB pblObl 3.n;eCb 3anperueH.
TIepBYIO HOqeBKY MOJKHO oprSHH30BaTb Ha 6epery MOpH.
A 8J1.bllIe nYTb nof.!.n;eT BBepx no p. EepD.e. B 15 KHJlOMeT-
pax OT 6epD.HHCKa pacnoJlaraeTcH c. HOBoneTpoBKa, YTonaH
B ca.aax H BHHOrpaD.HHKax.
TIoobiBaB B Eep HHcKOM KpaeBe 'leCKOM Myaee, Bbi YJKe
ner'le CMI,}JKeTe pacn03Ha7b cpe H yca.n;eo H oropo.n;OB oc-
7aTKH KpenocTHoro Bana, BblC07a KOTOpOro B OT.n;enbHblX
MeCTSX OCTHraeT 6 MeTpoB.
B 3 KHnoMeTpax 07 HOBoneTpOBKH Ha BsweM nYTH
BCTpeTMTcH C. CTaponeTpoBKa - oblBillaH COnD.aTCK3H CJIO-
oOD.a TIeTpoBcKoii Kpenocnr, S el.Qe qepe3 8 KHnOMeTpOB -
c. OCHneHKo, ObiBillSH HOBocnacoBKa - po.n;HHa npOCJJaB-
JIeHMOH JleT'lHUbi nOJlHHbI OCHneHKo.
TIpHBaJI c.n;enaf.!Te Ha oepery Bo.n;oeMa, 06pa30BaHHoro Ha
p. oep.n;e .n;aMooH.
173
A BCKope nOCJIe MOHOTOHHOH cTerlHoH p3BHHHbI Bbi OKa-
1KeTeCb nepeA ropHblM Iiefl3a.IKeM. HaA pe'lKoA Ii CTenb!O
B03BbI!!1aIOTCH CKaJlbl. 3TO BCTpeqSIOTC}'I C Eep.noA OTporH
A30IicKo-TIoAom,cKoro KpHCTanJIl!'leCKOrO I4HTa. If TIIM peq-
K8 6YATO HeAOBonbH8 9TOH BCTpeqefl, OHa oypnHT H neHHT-
CR, B03MY1l\IIS1Cb, "TO ee TeCHHT rpSHHTHbJe 6eperll.
Ha nyry H,'m y nO,IJ.HOJKll!'l CKaJl pa36eHTe JIarepb AnI!
HOqeBKU.
A HaYTpo CHOBS B nYTb. He cnemHTe. H8 nyrH 6y YT
BCTpe'i.aTbCH TO XaOTHqHhle H8rpOMOJK eHHH CKan, TO rpa-
HHTHbie nem:tPbl B CTpeMHTeJlbHhlX CKJIO!iaX, TO He60nbillRe
BOAonaAbI. KaKaSl OHa Kp3CI!B8H, 3Ta MHHH8TIOpHIIH ropHaH
CTpIIHal
DCI<ope Ha nYTR CJlCAOBIIHHH nOK8JKeTCH C. Kapna MapK-
CII C HHTepeCl!blM HCTOpR'leCKRM rrpOUIJIbiM. 3.neCb BO BpeMH
BoiiH POCCHI! C TYPI.\Heil npoxo.nHJI3 rpaHHI.{a. BRAHbI ee
CJleD.bI: H3 BbiCOKOM MeCTe 3eMnl!ilbie BaJlbl - 6b1BWIIA TaK
H33b1BaeMbI:I% RHTepillI!Hel! 311xapeHCKOH KpenOCTU - e1l\e
OD.HOra 060pOHHoro coopY.IKeHHR JXHenpOBCKofl nHHHH.
Hy, a A8J1b!!1e, O EenOl\epy.OBKH, MOJKHO nOA'beXaTb
TpaHcnopTOM. TYT EepAY nepeceK8eT nHIiHH, RAyutaH R3
EepAHHCKa HII KyfIobillieB, TIonorR, OpeXOBO, 3anOpOJKbe.
Jobl! Bbepx no Bep.ne, OCT8BJIHIITe n03SAI! BenbMSHIIY, O-
xo.nRTe AO TIonoBKR. 3TH MeCTa HMelOT RHTepeCHoe HCTOpH-
qeCKoe npOlliJIOe.
B EepAHHCK MOJKHO BepHYTbCH H3 Ee.nbM8HKR.
MAPWPYT 1<& 4
r. Eep.nHHCK - c. J1YH8'1SpCKOe - c. 06HTOQHOe -
c. Horafl K - KOC8 0611TOqHIIII - c. TIpeCJl8B - C. PSfiHOB-
XI! - C. DOTHeBO - C. TIpHMOPCKHH TIoca - c. CTen8HoB-
KII - noc. KHpHJlnOBKII - C. CTenOK - OCTpOB BfJpIOqHH -
r. r' EH'iCCK - CTIIHURf! HOBOllneKceeBK8.
061ll8H npOTHJKeHHOCTb Mapmpyr8 OKono 160 KM, nem-
KOM - 90 KM. JJ:mITenN-IOCTb nYTe1lleCTBHIl 10 cyTUK.
MapmpYT npoxoART no TJ06epeJKbIO A30BCKOro MOp!i.
Ero nY'lllie Ha'I3Tb C 38na.J.Horo paf:oHa r. PCp.D.l!flCKa
(J1HCKII). CnycKaATech B HeOOJlb!!lYIO 6anKY MepnHHKoBY
R a,Ib!1le MAIHe K p. Kyu,all EepAMHK8. J1eToM OHa nepe-
Cb!JC8eT. He 3a Y bTe B3fi1'b BO",<>I B $JIHrH. T. K. 6J!J.I.lKaH-
IDee H8 BarneM nY"fIi C€JIO (JIy !aqllpCKoe) BCTpe'rIlTCH Tonb-
KO Qepe3 10 KHnOMeTpOB.
Ha cegepHofI OKOJIHue ce,18 BG3i!b1illaeTCn o6enHcK, Ha-
nOMIIi;a,)'u,IIA 0 CiOpbOC 38 COBeiCKj'IO B.1aCTb.
174
JJ:3JIbUIe .D.OpOra nOA eT 6eperOM. OH CTaHOBHTCIi Bee
KpYlle H Kpyqe. Ha BaweM nyTH BCTpeTHTCSI H O'IeHb KpYTble
6eper8, H 06Banl", 33TPY.D.MHIOUlHe cnYCK K Mopro MH KY-
naHHH. B 3THX MeCTax eCTb pO.D.HHKH C nHTbeBOA BO.D.OH, KO-
Topble Bbi 3aMeTHTe nO HpKOH CO'IHoA 3eneHH.
A BCKope H ceno 06HTO'IHoe.
TI!-,!peA.D.H qepe3 peKY no MOCTY, non811eTe B r. HoraiicK-
f{eHTp npHMopcKoro KpaR C HHTepecHbiM HCTOpH'IeCKHM
npoIllnblM.
HeJlb3H He nOObiBaTb Ha 06HTO'IHOA KOce, yxo SlweA B
Mope nOQTH Ha 40 KHJlOMeTpoB. 3.D.ecb B rO bI rpaJK 3HCKOA
BoAHbI KpacHaSl AaoBCKaSl cpJlOTHnHH pa3rpOMHJl3 cjJJlOT'
BpaHreneBueB. B TOM JKe IOf'O'3an3 HOM Hanp3BJleHIIH Ha
A30BCKOM n06epeJKbe npOTHHYJlHCb EeJlOCapaACKaSl, cI>eAo-
TOBa KOCbI, 06pa30BaBwileCH B pe3YJlbTaTe ooweH .D.eHTenb-
HOCTH MOpH H peK: cro a BeKaMH BblHOCHJlHCb pe'IHoA B0110A
orpOMHble neCQaHble MaCCbI, p33pYillaH KpHCTanJIH'IeCKHA
A30Bo-TIO.D.OnbcrmA MaCCHB. BeTep H BOJlHbI HSMblB8JIH Me-
nH H OCTpOB3, oopa3YH KOCbI. 3T3 .D.eHTenbHOCTb npO.D.onJKa-
eTCH H ceAllac. BOT nOQeMY BpeMH OT BpeMeHH IOHblM Kpae-
Be 3M BCTpeqalOTCH naneOHTOnOrH'IeCKHe HaXO.D.KH. B 1940
ro.D.Y B nonYTopa KHJlOMeTpax Ha BOCTOK OT npHCTaHH OOH-
TO'IHaJi 6b1JI H3A11eH nO'ITH f{enbli\: CKeJleT 1O}K!ioro CJ10H3.
PecT8BpHpoBaHHblA, OH HaXO.D.HTCH B MaMOHTOBOM aane MY-
3eH 300JIOrH'IeCKOrO HHcTHTYTa AH CCCP B JIeHHHrp3.D.e.
H.nTH JJ.O KOHua KOCbI HeT CMbICJ1a. JJ:a H B03MOJKHOCTH
TaKoA He oy eT, nOTOMY 'ITO Mope HHor.n8 e.rtaeT npOMOH'
HbI, npeBpawaH KOCY B OCTpOBa.
CBepHYB Ha 3an311, Bbi BblH.neTe K YCTbro peQKH OOIiTOQ-
HoA, r.ne pacnonaraeTCH ceno TIpeCJ1aB, OCHOBaHHoe B 1861
ro y. 3'10 6b1JI n.eHTp 60nrapcKoro KOJIOHHanHCTCKoro
oKpyrs.
JJ:aJIbme .no c. EOTHeBa JIy'Illle nOJJ.'beXSTb Tp3HcnopTOM.
C ceBepHoA CTOpOHbI BOTHeBa H3XO.nHTCH HaBeCTHbiA Ba6a-
HOBCKHA cjJoHTaH. ApTe3HaHcKaH CKB3JKHiia paJJ.yeT MHHe-
p8JIbHOH Bo oA.
Ho He cneIllHTe JJ.e.rtaTb npHB3JI. Ha IOJKHOH OKOJIHue ce-
na Bbi nonp06yere BOJJ.Y, HMelOWyro Ci!.JlbHblA 3an3X cepo-
BO.nOpo.na. A BOT B6J1H3H )!{HBOTHOBO 'IeCKoi\ cjJepMbI eCTb
CKBaJKHHa, 11arowaH npeCHYro BO.ny. BOT 3 eCb MO}KHO c.u.e-
JIaTb npHBM.
JJ:Bllr3HCb 6eperOM, OCTaBHTe n03a.nH cena HropeBKa,
qKaJlOBO, MHpoHOBKa - THXHe KypopTHbie yroJiKIi. r.ne
OCTaHOBHTbCH Ha OTJJ.blX - pewHTe caMH. B 3THX MeCTax
175
neCtIaHO-pSKYIlle'IHble nJlHJKH, BHHOrpa.nHHKH, MHOrO apTe-
3HaHCKHX CKBaJKItH.
C paCTHrenbHOCTbrO It JKHBOTHbiM MHpOM !lTOro Kp8R
nO.np06HO MOJKHOOaHaKOMHTbCH B mKOnbHOM MY3ee CTe-
naHOBKH TIepBOH.
BCTpeTItTCH H8 BaWeM flYTH npOTOKa, coe.nItHHIDllISH
A30BCKoe MOpe C MOnOqHblM JlHM8HOM.
Ellie HeMHoro H - KHpHnJlOBKa, O.nHO H3 .neBHTH cen,
OCHOBaHHblX Ha peKe MOJlOqHoA H nOiSepe)Kbe .nyx060pSMH.
3TS peJlHrHOaH8H ceKTa, npecne.nyeMaH USpCKHM npSBH-
TenbCTBOM, nepeexans H3 ueHTpanbHblx pOCCMACKItX ry6ep-
HHH, a aareM oblns BblCJIaHa HS KSBK8a.
.D.opors npHBe.neT Bac H8 OCTpOB EHpro'IHA. JJ:eTHM HH-
TepecHO oy.neT Y3H8Tb, qTO 31'01' OCTpOB H8XOAHTCH Ha nYTH
60JlbillHX nTHqbHX nepeneTOB C ceBepa B TenJible KpaH.
TIOCJIe HeoonbUloro OT blX8 nTHL\bI npOAOJl)KaWT CBoA nYTb.
BeCHOW 3 eCb MOJKHO BH eTb HaCTOHIllHe nTH%H oa3apbl.
Hs OCTpOBe EltpW'IeM MO)KHO OCTaHOBHTbCH Ha OT.nblX.
Ho nOMHHTe, qTO 3.neCb Tpy.nHO C .npOBaMH. I1x CJIeAyeT
HeCTH Cro.n8 C C060H. Ey.nb're OCTOpO)KHbI C orHeM! Bo-
Kpyr MHoro cyxoA TP8BbI. OAR8 HCKpa H - nOJK TIo:no-
MY no.n Kocrep He 38oy.nbTe BbiKonaTb HMKY. .
Hy, a C npHq8J1a nocenK8 DltptOqHA ye.neTe KSTepOM B
reHHQeCK, OTTYAa SBTOOYCOM H8 CTaHl.\mO HOBoaJleKceeB-
Ka - Ha noe3A.
MAPmpYT .Nt 5
r. EonbillOH TOKMaK - r. MOJlOqaHCK - c. CTapooor-
8HOBKa - C. TpOHUKoe - c. TepneHHe - r. MenHTononb-
c. MOp.nBHHOBKS - noc. AKHMOBK8 - C. PO HOHoBKa -
DorsTblpcKoe neCHHqeCTBO - C. KHpHnnOBKa.
061llSH npOTHJKeHHOCTb MspmpYTa 95-100 KM. AJlH-
renbHOCTb nYTeWeCTBHH 6-7 CYTOK.
TIewexoJj.Hble oTpe3KH: r. EOJlbUlOH TOKMSK - r. MOJlo-
qSHCK, C. TepneHHe - r. MenHTOnOJIb. c. POAHOHOBK8-
C. KHpHnnOBKS. Bcero OKono 40 KM,.
0'1 DOnb!!lOrO TOKMaKa Jlyqwe BblXO,D.HTb K peqKe Mo-
nO'iHoA, H snbille nYTb nOH.neT BHH3 no peKe. Ee OqeHb
3SHJleHHSH 3anJl8Ba 3aHHTS 3anHBHblMH nyraMH. B 9THX
MeCTax OTKpblTbi oonbUlHe 38J1e)KH MaprSHua xopowero
KaqeCTBa, KOTopble HC'IHCJlmO'rCH B oOJlee nonYTopa MHJI-
JIMOH8 TOHH.
BCKope Ha BsweM nYTH nOHBHTCH ropoJj. MOJlO'l8HCK,
HMelOIllHH cero.nHH oonbwoe X03HHCTBeHHoe 3Ha'leHHe.
176
0T MOnOqaHCKa .no cena TepneHHe (30 KM) MOlKHO npo.
exaTb TpaHcnopToM. Ballie BHHMSHHe npHBneqeT BbiCOKHH
xonM, pacnonolKeHHblH B 3anJiSBe peKM. 3'1'0 KaMeHHaH MO-
rHJla - HaBeCTHblH apxeoJIOmqeCKHH nSMnTHHK. 0 HeM 110.
.npOOHO Y3HaeTe B MeJIHTononbcKoM KpaeBen.qeCKOM Myaee.
A n.anbIne - ceno TepneHHe. OHO, KaK H .npyrHe cena
B .nonHHe peKH MonoqHoH, cnaBHTcH ca SMH. 1.lepeIllHH 3TO-
ro KpSH HMeeT MHpOBylO cnSBY. A TaKHX SOpHKOCOB, KSK
a eCb, He CblCKaTb no Bcef! YKpaHHe. KTo HH noobiBaeT B
3THX KpaHx, y.nHBnHeTCH, KSK Ha TSKHX neCqaHblX rpYHTsx
C 6e HoH pscTHTenbHocTbIO H qaCTblMH neCqaHblMH OYPHMH
MorYT paCTH TaKHe pOCKOIllHble ca bI. PaarS Ka npOCTa.
TIo,IJ. nOJlYMeTpOBbiM neCqaHblM nOKpOBOM HaXO,IJ.HTCH qepHO-
aeM. WOH neCKa MOMeHTanbHO nponYCKaeT OJKn.eBylO BOn.y
B rny6b rpYHTa, r.ne OHa aa.neplKHBaeTCH B qepH03eMe H
nHTaeT lKHBHTenbHOH BnsrcH KopHeByro CHCTeMY can.OB.
A HcnapeHHH Ha TSKHX rpYHTax HeaHaqHTeJIbHble. TBKHM
oopa30M, n.paroueHHan Bnars BCH OCTaeTCH n.epeBbHM.
B MenHTonone, KpoMe KpseBe,IJ.qeCKOrO MyaeH, MOlKHO
noceTHTb KOHcepBHblH aaBO.n, onbiTHYIO CTSHUHIO nnO OOBO-
lUeBO CTBa, KonneKuHoHHo-npoMblwneHHblH ca , KOTOpblH
3aHHMaeT oonee 250 reKTapoB H H8CqHTblBaeT CBblwe TbI-
CHqH paanHqHblX BH OB nnOAOBbiX H Hro.nHblX KynbTyp. HI!
CTaHUHH OCYiUeCTBJIHeTCH oonbillaH CeneKltHOHHSH ps60Ta.
B 16 KHJlOMeTpSx OT MenHTononH Haxo.nHTCH c. Mop,IJ.'
BHHOBKa, Y KOTOporo HHTepecHoe npowJloe, CBH3aHHoe C
eHcTBHHMH CyBopoBa. Ha TBKOM JKe paccToHHHH OT Mopn.-
BRHOBKH - AKHMoBKa, H3BeCTHaf! OBueBo.nCTBOM H nneMeH'
HOH pa60ToH B 3TOH 06J1aCTH. B qeTbipeX KHJIOMeTpSX OT
AKHMOBKH pacnOJIaraeTCH AKHMOBCK3H OnbiTHaH CTaHuHH
MexaHHaauHH' cenbCKoro xoaHHcTBa, paooTalOiUan B TeCHOM
COTpvn.HHqeCTBe C KonneKTHBOM aSBOAa «PocTcenbMsIll».
TIepeH.nH aBToMsrHcTpanb MOCKBa - CHMQ>epOnOJlb H
npof!.nH no Heil, nYTeweCTBeHHHKH npH YT B c. PO.nHoHOBKa,
p3cnonOlKeHHoe B YCTbe Me6oJlbIllOH peqKH TailleHaK. TIpaB-
n.a, OHa pacnanaCb H8 OT,lJ.enbHble nnecbI. 3 eCb MOJKHO
oCTaHOBHTbCH Ha OT!l.blX HS .neHb-,lJ.pyrOH. B cene .n03aKY-
I)HTe npO YKTbI, nOnbeTe napHoe MonOKO, nOKynaeTeCb B
JIHMaite, OT,lJ.OXHeTe nOli ceHblO BoraTblpcKoro Jlec3.
MOlKHO COBepWHTb nporynKy no oepery JlHMaHa K yqe6-
HOH oaae MeJlHTOnOnbCKoro ne HHCTHTYTa, r e oy.nYIII.He
Y'IHTenH-OHonorH npoxo.nHT JIeTHIOrO Y'IeoHyro npSKTHKY.
3TH MeCTa oOrSTbi tJlJIOpOH H tJlaYHOH. 3.neCb nOHa6J1IO aeTe
aa nTHuaMH, M3ceKoMblMH, YCJlb!lliHTe OT oY YIUHX Y'IHTeJleA
HHTepeCHbie paCCKa3b1 0 lKHaHH JKHBOTHblX, pSCTeHHH, 0 60-
177
ra'l'CTBe 4>nOpbi H q,SYlibi B 9TOM Kp3e. B MenHTOnOJIbCKOM
neD.HHCTHTYTe TPYlI.HTCH onbiTHbie npenOA3BaTenH, CHCTeMa
paOOTbi KOTOpLlX n03BOJIHeT He TOJlhKO lI.aTb 3uaHHfI, HO H
S81Ke% 6Y,II.YIlUIX YQHTeJiei! nID60BbID K npHpo e, JKenaHHeM
HeCTH AeTfiM H eBOH 3HSHh>l.
TIp" 2KeJlaHHH MOJKHO npO,ll../IHTb nYTeweCTBHe, ,ll.003BHB
K MapllipYTy nOXOA BOKpyr MOJIOQHOrO JlHMan8. S MenH-
TononbJ.UHHe 9TH MapmpYTbI HS3b1BaIOT «MenHTononbCKOH
KpyrOCBeTKoh.
113 KHpHJIJIOBKH BepHeTeCb peHCOBbiM SBT06ycOM.
MAPWPYT .NI 6
r. 3SnOp01Kbe - noc. TIo,ll.nOpOJKHHHCKHH - OCTpOB Ts'.
BonmaHcKHH - c. TIePYH - c. TIeTpo - CBHCTYHOBO -
C. HHKOJlbCKOe - c. BenHKHH JIyr.
OOJ.U3H npOTH2KeHHOCTb MapmpYTs 110 KM. J],nHTenb-
HOCTb nYTeweCTBHH 4-5 CYTOK.
TIewexo,ll.lIb1e oTpe3KH: r. 3SnOp01Kbe - noc. TIo,ll.nopo2K-
HHHCKHH - c. TIepYH - c. TIeTpo - c. CBHCTYHOBO-
C. HHKOJlbCKOe - c. BoeHHoe, C. BenHKHH JIvr - r. 3ano-
pOJKbe. Bcero 30 KM. . -
TIYTewecTBHe cOBepmaeTcH BD.OJIb JJ:Henps CHSqa.na Jle-
BbiM. 3STeM npaBbiM 6eperoM.
MapwpYT JIYtlille HaqHHaTb H3 nopTs HM. B. J1. JIeHHHa.
OopaTHTe BHHM8HHC HI! HBbI Y caMoro 6epera (TIoAnOpOJK-
HHHCKHH). I1x JIHHHble «KOCbI» raCIiT Bonllbl, 331l\HJ.U8H
6eper 0'1 p33MblBaHHH.
A ,ll.anbWe MomHO nYTeWeCTBOBaTb KSTepoM. Ho B cene
TIepYH CAeJIaATC Ocr3HOBKY. 9'1'0 B 26 KfmoMeTpax 0'1' 3s-
nopombfl. B Tpex KHJlOMeTpSx 0'1' TIePYHa ceno TIeTpo-CBHC-
TYHOBO - B IlpomnOM MeCTO 3HMOBKH 3anopomCKHX Ka3S-
KOB. TIeTpo-CBHCTYHOBO - 9'1'0 pOAHHa HapO.ll.HOrO apTHCTa
CCCP 11. C. TIaTop.lliHHCKoro. B OaJIK8X JJ:YOOBOH H KaCT-
pOBOA apxeonorH OTKpbIJIH CTOHHKH JIIDAei'1 K8MeHHoro H
OpOH30Boro BeKOB.
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J-IHKOJlbCKoe. TaM Ha nnoJ.UsAH K KHpnH'IHOMY nOcTaMeHTY
npHKpenJIeHa MeMOpHaJIbHaH ,ll.OcKa, OTMeq81OIl\aH CTpaHHUY
CJlI!BHOrO npownoro Hamei\ PO.ll.HHbI. Hs qyrYHHoH AocKe
H8AnHcb: «B 972 ro,ll.Y Y .D.HenpoBcKHX noporoB nsn B He-
paBHoM 0010 C neqeHeraMH PYCCKHii BHTH3b - KHH3b CBH-
178
TomaB I1ropeBH'l». 06 !lTOM H3BeC'i'HOM nO,lKOEOlu.::e no-
p06HO HanHcaHO B pOMaHe c. CKJlHpeEKO "CBHTO<:,TJBBJ>.
A BOT H3 CeJlB HHKonbCKoro nYTelUeCTBeHHHi'"!! nof!,iJ,YT
B 06paTHOM HanpaBneHHH - HS lOr. BCKope i:. Boer'!"'" (5
KHJlOMeTpOB 01' HHKO/1bCKOrO). 3TH MeeTa naM!JTWi COOb!-
THHMH BeJlHKOH OTe'leCTBeHHol! Bofim». TYT B OKT>lOf),-
1943 m a 'laCTH COBeTcKoii A,3MI!II ljJopcHpQjja;ll! JJ:'j r.p If
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l i !i'i'e }J,OTbI H 1!.30TbI. A B ce.TJe Haxcr"T(: ] C,'TCKa!J MOriWa
BOH"OB, Hom6umx B CXBaTRe C IJDarOM B !lTHX 'Aec.H\}(,
3.neCb OJKHO OCTBHOBHTbCH Ha HOqeEKV. Ho ADORa
Heo6xcAHMO co6paTb 3ao,'l8rOBpeMeHIl0. - .
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pOBKa) .
B pafiOHe c1>e opoBKH apxeonorH paCKonanH CTOHHKH
H MOfHnbHHKH nepBOObiTHlilX JlJO eH. a B oanRe }(PyrJlIIK
HaHlleHbI npe MeTbI, KOTOpblM 180-200....:!:blCHq ,leT.
A BCKope " ceno BenHKHH JIyr. EIUe 10 KM H Bbi Y ce-
Bepo-3anallHoH OKOJIHUbi 3anopoJKbJI. B STHX MeCTax HB
CKanax OTllblXaJl BO BpeMH nYTewecTBHH A. M. rOpbKHH.
Ba 3TOM MOJKHO 3aKOH'lHTb nYTewecTBHe HJlH npo,!J;nHTb,
3HaKOMHCb C ropo oM.
JJ:snbille pe% nOH,!J;eT 0 MapmpYTax no KpblMCKOH Q6-
.n8CTH. TIOqTH Bce TypHcTcKHe MaprnpYTbI 3,neCb 6epYT CBoe
Ha'lanO B CHMljJepono.ne. Bbl60p MapwpYTa TPY HOCTlI He
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no KpblMY. TaK, 0 MapruPYTax nOXOllOB BblXOJlHorO HH no
KpblMY paCCKa3b1BBeT nYTeBo,nHTeJlb «KpblM. nOXO,D.bI BbI-
xo,nHorO HH1> (<<TaepHH», 1980 r.), COCTBBneHHblH
A. C. III.ernoBoH. CaMblMH HHTepeCHblMH MapwpYT8MI! no-
XOllOB BbiXOllHoro ,l1.HH HB/1HIOTCH:
- Ha AHrapcKHH nepeBan (H3 CHMljJepOnOJIH 8BTOOY-
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cena TIepeBanbHoe - nernKOM BBepx).
- Ha qaTblp ar (Ty,na MOMHO ,n06paTbcH noneBoi\ ,no-
poroH OT aBTooycHoi\ OCT8HOBKM Ha oKpsHHe KpacHonecbH
110 ,nonHHe peKH TaBeJlb'lYK, KOTOpaH, nOBTOpHH H3rH6b1
peRH H HCCKOJlb!{O pa3 ee nepeceKSH, npH80lUIT K Bo oxpa-
HHJlHillY. TIepeit,nH no ,naM6e liS npaBbiA lieper, nYTeruecT-
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cnycKe KOTOPOi!: H3 TOJIilJ,H KOHr.1J.OMepBToB BbiTeKaeT po,n-
HHK. HHJKe -- KOnTaJK pyroro HCTOqHHK8. aT Hero Tpon-
Ka Be eT Ha O.nHH li3 OTporOB qaTblp,nara. TIepeceKaH .ny-
179
oOBlirti Jlec, COCHOBYIO POtuy, BbIX011HT Ha 11opory. TI.J!aBHO
H3BHBaHCb no 3ana,llHOMY CKJI0HY 4aTblp,llara, nepeceKaH
HerJlYOOKHe 6aJIKH, .J!erKO npeOl10JIeBaeT BO,llOpa3 eJIbI. KaK
TonbKO 110pora BbIH.lleT H3 Jleca Ha IIOJIHHY, Bbl YBH.llHTe
.llOMIIK JleCHHKa. a Y Hero - YKa3aTeJlb Ha CTORHKY «KpH-
HHqKa». .
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J!ecHof! !lopore - H BbI Ha 4aTblpllarcKoM nJIaTO.
Ha 4aTbIpl1ar MO>KHO nonaCTb H3 DepeBaJIbHoro. COlll1H
B TIepeBaJlbHOM Ha KOHeqHOH OCTaHOBKe Tpo.J!JleiWyca, cBep-
HIITe BnpaBO II no HeOOJIbllJoMy nepey.J!KY, MHMO nO,llCTaH-
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no OO.J!bIlJOII nO.J!HHe MIIMO naceKII. He -CBOpaqHBaH Ha l1PY-
me Tponbl, llBHraHTecb no 11opoJ;e BBepx KHJlOMeTpa nOJl-
Topa. TIocJle neca Tpona nOHt\eT no t\HY oBpara, nepellt\eT
Ha ero npaBblH CK.TIOH. D.OCTHrHyB BepxoBbH oBpara, B36e-
peTCH Ha rpe6eHb. A ,lla.TIbllJe BTOpOH nOADeM Ha HII>KHee
nJlaTO. K Ha'lany HII>KHero WlaTO Bac BblBel1eT Tpona, npll-
XOTnHBO 113BHBaIDIlJaHCII no KPYTOMY 6e3J1eCoMY KaMeHllC-
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D..TIH Tex, KTO XOqeT HcmilTaTb ce6H, MO>KHO npe,llJIO>KHTb
MHOrDl1HeBHIile nYTellJeCTBIIH no naropblO Kapa6H. ::ho el1B8
JlH He CaMI-Je TpY!lHble MapllJpYTbI B KpbIMY. Haropbe Bbl-
CHTCR K BOCTOKY OT TpOJIJIeH6ycHoH Tpacclil CIIM<p0PO-
nOJIb - AJIYIlJTa. TIpoBe,llR JIHHHIO B nOCJIe OBaTenbHOCTH:
EeJIOrOpCK, TIpHBeTHoe, fenepa.TIbCKOe, Me>KrOpbe nOJI}"lHTe
qeTI,IpexyronbHIIK, BHYTPH KOTOpOro HeT HH e.llHHOrO Hace-
neHHoro nYHKTa. B 3TOT qeTbipexyroJlbHHK KaK pa3 H BnH-
CbIBaeTCH rOPHlilH MaCCHB KapaoH - n.J!aTo, nOl1HHBllieeCH
Ha 800-1100 MeTpoB Ha,ll ypoBHeM MOQH.
I1TaK, MapllJpYTbl Ha KapaoH MO>KHO HaqllHaTb OT .CeJIa
reHepanbcKoro HJIH OT cena 3eJIeHOrOpcKoro.
OTJH14HbIYI OT,[lbIX BAC :>K.D.ET B KAPnATAX
MA.PWPYT .N' 7
. r. PaxoB c. JIym (23 KM) - nOJIOHHHa BpelJ,Kyn
(18 KM) - CeJIO KBaclil (18 KM) - nOJIOHHHa D.paroTpaT
180
(19 KM) - ropa DJlelliKa (17 KM) - c. K06bIJleI<KaH TIo-
JlHHa (15 KM) -PaxoB (18 KM).
TIpOT!DKeHHOcTb nellieXO.1\Horo MapllipYTa - 147 KHJlO-
MeTpOB. JJ:JlHTeJlbHOCTb - 8 XO.1\OBbIX HeH.
MapllipYT Be.1\eT Ha ceBepHYID oKparmy PaxoBa, r)J.e
l.lepHaH H EeJlaH THcca, CJJHBaHCb, .n.aIDT HaqaJlO KPynHoMY
npHToKY JJ:YHaH - THcce. TIepe6paBlliHcb no MOCTY B 110-
JlHHY EenoH THCCbl, HJ(eTe no )J.opore B ceJlo J1yrn, OCTaBHB
n03a.1\H ceJla POCTKa, Bor.1\aH. TIocne J1yroB nOBOpaqHBaH-
'Ie Ha ceBep H H)J.HTe BBepx no pYC,1Y peKH fOBepJ/!!HKH
K 06IUe}/(HTHID Jlecopy60B. B6J1H3H MOJKHO pa36HTb 6H-
BaK.
A YTPOM CHOBa B nYTb K TYPHCTCKOMY npHlOTY «Epell-
KYJI».
CJle,l(YIDIUHH ,l(CHb MO}/(eTe nOCBHTHTb nporYJlKaM no
OKpeCTHOCTHM fOBepJlbI H EOCXO}/(AeHHIO Ha ee BeplliHHY
(2 061 M). BOCXOJK.1\eHHe cOBeplliaeTcH no .1\opore, Be.1\YlUeH
Ha nepeMblqKY, KOTopaH Cc,e,l(HHHeT fOBepJlY C TIeTpocoM.
A Ha c.,1e.nYIDIUHH .1\eHb - K ceJlY KBacbl, pacnOJlOJKeH'
HOMY Ha npaBoM 6epery l.lepHoll THccb!. He nponycTHTe
pa3BHJIKY. EY.1\bTe BHHMaTeJlbHb!! Heno.1\aJleKY 01' BeplIlHHbI
TIeTpoc .lIopora pa3.1\BaHBaeTCH, ee IDrO-3ana,l(HaH BeTKa Be-
.1\eT K rope lllelIlYJI, 3aTeWi pe3KO nOBOpaqHBaeT Ha ceBep.
A qepe3 2 KHJlOMeTpa - nOBopOT H8 3ana,l( H cnYCK no TpO-
nHHKe B KBacb!. 3.1\ecb - HOqJler.
Ha CJle YIOIl\HH ;J;eHb nO.1\HHMaeTeCb Ha CBH,l\OneUKHH
xpe6eT. Tpona TY.1\a HaQHHaeTCH B qeTbipeX KHJlOMeTpax ce-
BepHee CeJIa. TIpeo.1\OJleB BepnIHHY EJlH3HeUa (1883 M).
cnYCTHTeCb Ha nOJlOHHHY .LJ:par06paT K npHIDTY «.LJ:paro-
6paT». TaM MOJKHO 3'a epJKaTbCH Ha .1\eHb, qT06bI OCMoTpeTb
oKpeCTHocTH, OT.1\OXHYTb.
Bnepe.1\H - CBH.lIOBeUKHH xpe6eT H OT.1\bl)C Ha nOJlOHHHe
YHrapHcKa. C YnrapHCKa MapmpYT Be eT Ha IDr no xpe6-
TY. JJ:ecHTb KHJlOMeTpOB nYTH H OCTaeTCH n03anH ropa Kyp-
neHb (1 407 M). eIl\e HeCKOJlbKO KHJ!OMeTpOB - nOJlOHHHa
06pelUa (1484 M). l.lepe3 3 KHJlOMeTpa - r. TIJlelliKa
(1211 M), B palloHe KOToporo MO>KHO OCTaHOBHTbCH Ha
HOqJler.
HaYTPo BaM npe.1\cToHT nHTHa.1\l\aTHKHJlOMeTpOBbIH cnycK
B ceJlo K06bIJlel\K8H Domma, a 3aTeM He6oJlblliOH nOI('beM
no TponHHKe K <pHJlHaJlY PaxoBCKOH Typ6a3bI.
MAPIllPYT .M 8
3HMOIO H JleTOM MO}/(HO HATH no M8PlliPYTy: noc. 5!CH-
HH - nOJlOHHHa JJ:par06paT (14 KM) - nOJlOHHHa TIepeJIe-
181
call. (rt FV)-- !'. PaxoB (23 KM) .- ce,lO .rIyrH (23 KM)-
nOJlOxUJi1, BpeuKYJI (18 KM) - ypoqmue Ka3MeHlUHK
(16 I'M) - noc. CHHH (1.8 KM).
ripoTIDKeHHoc'X'b MapwpYT8 - 129 KMJlOMeTpoB. .n.JlH-
TenbHOCTb nyn llleCT!1HG -- 8 XOAOBbiX HeH.
MapIllPYT H3'lhHaeTCH B 9CI1HSlX. TIO 1U!BillHCb no ilOJlO-
rCMY OTKPblTOMY C CHY Ha ropy EYKoRHHKa (1 100 M) H
MMHyH O "H()KHfI .l.IIlMHK HAliTe rpOPOH, II 3aTeM npoceKoA
K aeplllHHe mp!x BCJHiKHH JIHHqYJI (! 405 H). 1l0,!J,m:mlllHcb
nOll1H K nepllilUl.e roph!, o6oH}.urre ee t:J1 ,aa H cn','cKafl,pt!:.
no KPYTCMY rpeOH!o. Cnyt::K H l1oC.lleAYKJU{Hll 3-KH"OMe1'pc.-
DbJM no.10rHH nOn'beM no XOpOIUO 3aMeTWJM .:,ecH('il Tpone
IJp;:meJler Ba.c K MHorOQIH:JIeHHblM JlerHIi,\1 3arOH2M .IMH
CK01'a. 810 nOJIO>!HHa .llparoopa7. BBepxy y ,ep130fO :Map-
KHPOBOqHOro CTBOJla Ha nYTH K rope B.1H3fieua HaXO,U,HTCSi
cTapblll npHIDT «)].paro5pa-r». OT Hero cnycnneCb K .IIeCHoit
npoceKe, neAYIUell Ha opory B YUJ,eJ!bC p KH LI.Ha>lbl. DJlH3
Jleca B03BblillaeTCH 2-.9Ta>KHoe 3nauHe ropHoro KOTTe a.
3-ro. HOBblll npHIDT «8 eJ1bBeHc». HTaK, 14 KHJIOMeTpOB
MapillpYTa n03a.nH.
HaY'rpo Balli nyn, .1e>KHT QepC3 BeplliHHY EJlH3HeU8.
D.nHraitTecb no Tpacce, npOMapK.ipOBIIHHOll nOJlOCaTbIMH
cTOJl5aMH. M oc06eHHO cTporo npHJlepJKHBaitTecb :lToro
opHeHTHpa 3HMOit, TaK "aK ceBepo-BOCTOqHble CKnOHbI 3H-
MOID OnaCHhl.
B EJlH3HeUbI Tpacca MapUipYTa Be eT Ha lOr no rpe6HIO
HpKO Bblpa>KeHHoro BOAOpa3neJlbHoro xpe6Ta rop, qepe3
Be 6e3blMSiHHble BepUIHHbI H nJJOCKYIO nepIllHHY rOpb! CTa-
poA (1473 M) Ha nOJlOHHHY TIepeJleCoK. B npHlQTe 3aHO-
qyitTe.
Ha CJle YIDlUHfi eHb BaIl! nYTb I1pOll e1' no npOceJloq-
HOf! nopore. Be yrn.ell qepe3 ropy D.YMeH (l 391 M), B 3 KH-
JlOMeTpax OT KOTOpOll HaqHHaeTCH XOpoillHit 12-KHJloMeTpo-
BbiA JIblJKHblll cnYCK no cepnaHTHHY. HOqeBKa B PaxoBe.
A HaYTpo - 3HaKOMCTBO c roponollt (JJ.HeBKa). OCTaJIbHaH
qaCTi> MapIl!pyra onHcaHa B npenbl YIJ.!,eM.
COJl,EP)!(AH 11 E
BBe eHHe 3
nOHHTHe 0 TypH3Me
Hero 3HaqeHHe JlH QeJIOBeK8 5
noxo bI BblXO Horo IU! 6
MtlOrO HeBHble noxo bI 13
CHSpHJKeHHe. 15
OprsHH3snHH nHTaHHH 26
JJ:BHMeHHe Ha MapwpYTe 43
EHBaqHble pa60Tbi 52
rHrueHHqeCKOe 06eCTle'IelfHe 63
BenOCHTIellHble nYTernecTBHH 77
BOllHble nYTemeCTBHSi 86
TypHCTCKHH CnJlaB HS nJIOTaX 92
OpHeHTRpoBsHHe HS MapwpY"i'ax 99
TypHCT H npHpolis 131
nYTeWeCTBYH, pa3BJIeKaitTecb? 145
3HaKoMbTecb C O eccoi\ 155
TIYTewecTBHH H SKCKypCHil no OJJ,ecIII.HHe 160
TIYTewecTBHSi no BO.ll.HbIM MSPWpYTSM 162
HeCKOJlbKO HHTepecHblx MapwPYTOB 169
K93
KYPHJlOBa B. n., CepMeeB 6. B.
CnpaBO'lHHK .l{JIR Ha'lHHaIO efO
Ta.- O.l{ecca: MaRK, 1990.- 184 c.
ISBN 5-7760-0197-8
TypHC-
Cnp8BOQHHK npe H83HaQeH nH HaQHH8IDll{HX ny-
TeweCTBemiHKOB, HO HHTepeceH H M8CCOBOMY QHT8Te-
nID. OH 3H8KOMHT C opraHH38uHeit H no roToBKoit
K nOXO 8M, 8eT peKOMeH 8UHH no CHapHJKeHHID ne-
WHX, ropHblX, BeJlOCHne HI,jX. BO HblX nOXO OB, YCT-
pOitCTBY HOQRera H JJ.pyrue nOJle3Hble COBeTbi.
4205000000-061
C M217(04)-90 31.90
661( 75.81R2
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CEPMEEB 60PHC BaCMbeBHQ
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AnSI HA'IHHAIO Ero TYPHCT A
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TeXHHqecKHIl pe.o.SKTOp P. H. KyftUnCKali
l(oppeKTOp B. B. EpOUTMan
HB 1'4', 2510
C.o.SHO B HSC50p 13.02.90. nOJlnHC8HO " neq8Tb 01.08.90
cJ>OpMST 70X90'/... BYMsrs THnorpsc}!cKsII 1'4', 2.
fSPHHTYPS nHTepsTypHSII. neqSTb o<jJceTHsII.
Ycn. neq. n. 6,73. Ycn. Kp.-OTT. 7,31. Yq.-H3.o.. n. 7,1.
THpa)K 25000 3K3. 3SK. 1'4', 7269. UeH8 60 K.
H3.o.sTenbcTBo « SIIK»,
270001. O.o.eccs-I, yn. )KYKOBCKoro, 14
O.o.eccKsII KHH)KHSII c}!SC5PHK3 pno «nonHrpSc}!KHHr8»,
270008, O.o.ecca -8, yn. .lI.3ep)KHHCKOro, 24