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aa JII06e3nO I1pe.n:OCTaBJIeJIIILIe cPC)Torpa(ImII, a TarU1\C
JI. E. TypaIIclwii: 3a I3bICOI\Ol\a'IeCTBOlIIIYIO IIepOC'bf:lll\Y CPO-
TOrpa(pnH.
B 1988 r. B paCI1BOTe TBOP'IeCI;UX cmI YIllO,iI II3 nnI3JlJI
II3neCTHbIH IICCJICJJ:OBaTeJIIJ JJ:peBJIen UCTOpIIII DpJl'IepIIO:IIO-
pbH npocPeccop D. O. KapbIllll\OBClnIn, IWTopenlY II oOfl3an
CBOIBUI lIa'IIIHanIIJIl\1lI n 1I3YQeUlIII aHTU'IIIOii IICTopnn n rco-
rpacPIIu. Ero CBeTJIoii na:IIJITII 11 nOCBm.u;aeTCH 3Ta f-amra.
H B 3aI\JIIO'ICHUe C'HITaIO CnOIIl\1 HenpC:lleUIJhL\I ;!.o.1nnI
Bblpa3HTb orpC):I1UYIO npII3I-JaTeJIbIIOCTh :lweii mene-
Jl. H. Ar6ynoBofI, I\OTopaJI nOCTOHIIIIO nmWraJIa MHO n pa6o-
TO IIali PYI\OIIIICbIO.

«CKI-HI>CRUH 'IIeTbIpexyrOJIbHlIR»
n pI1C Tym1 !\I 1\ IWIIltpeTuoMy paCCMoTpeuHro reorpaqHIH CIm-
IUI. 06paTHMCH It repo.o;OTY. HaqUeM, IWUeqUO, C o6II(cro
onncam'iH CTpaHbI: «IIepe.o; CItH<pCI\OM 3eMJIeM ,iremUT <Dpa-
IUUI, BbIcTynaIOII(aH 11 !\lOpe. 0'1' 3amma, 06pa3YCMoro :Hoif
3elJIeii:, naqIIUaeTCH CrnHpIiH. II 3.o;eCb B Hee BTeIweT MCTP,
IJOBOpa'IHnaH YCTbe HaBCTpeqy IOrO-BOCTOqI-JOMY BeTpy. Ha-
'1l1IIaH 0'1' MCTpa H 6y.o;y onllCbmaTb JIpHiOpCI\:yIO qaCTb ca-
MOM CIUl<pCIWM cTpaHbI C l\eJIbIO TI3MepeIIHH. 0'1' MCTpa H.o;eT
rme }:peBIuIH CIUI<pfIH, JIemaII(aH It IOry B HanpaBJIeUI!Il rom-
BOl'O neTpa .0;0 ropo.o;a, ua3bIBaeIOro RapIUUlHTHJ(oii. Jl.a-
JIee - 0'1' 8'1'01'0 ropo.o;a 06paII(eIIHYIO II: 8TOMY me IOpIO CTpa-
ny. ropIICTYro 11 BbIcTynaIOII(YIO 1\ IIOIITY, UaCeJIHeT llJIeMH
TaBpon J(O nOJIYOCTpona, na3I)maeMoro CI\a,nHCTl>IM; 8TOT
JIOJIyOCTpOB BbI.n;aeTCH B lOpe, 06paII(eHUOe n CTOPOUY BOC-
TO'IIIoro neTpa. Be.o:b )J.Be CTOpOHbI rpalIHI{ CIUlqHUI o6pa-
lleUbI 1\ l\IOpIO. O.n;na - II: rory, .o:pyraH - 1\ BocTcmy...
,[(aJree - 0'1' Tanpm'I1 BbIllIe TaBpon H n 06JlaCTH, oopa-
lu,euuoii: H nOCTo'IHcmy l\lOpro,- mnnYT yme CIUrcpbI II: 3ana-
.o;y 0'1' BOCliopa RHMMepnlICl\oro II 0'1' MeOTIIiicIwro o3epa
.0;0 pC3J{n TaHaHC, IWTopaH BHa.o;aeT n Han60JIee OT.n;aJleIlHbIM
yrG.'I nol'o 03epa. Ha'IlIIIaH YII,e 0'1' MCTpa, U Tex 06JIacTHx,
I:OTOpblC paCIIOJIOmeUbI BbIllle II naxo.o;HTcH nUYTpH lIIaTepU-
1m, CI\II<pIIH orpalUI'IeUa BHa'IaJIe ara<pupCal\fH, I10CJIe HeBpa-
).Ifn, 3aTeM aH)J.pocpara:\III 11, lJaHoneI{, MCJI3HXJIenal\Ill» (IV,
F9-100) .
3aT01\1 «OTeI{ IICTOPIIH» npnBO)J.IIT I\oUKpeTIU)Ie paCCTOH-
mm: «CJIe)J.OBaTeJIbHO, Y CRIIqmn, - TaIl: I\aI\ OlIa nl\WeT lJe-
'H>lpexyrOJIbHYIO <POPMY, a .o;BC CTOpOIIbl )J.OXo.o;HT )J.O MOpH,-
paUlIbl no UeJIH'IIIHe nce CTOpOIIbI: UTa, qTO H)J.eT BUYTPh
CTpallLI, IT Ta, 'ITO npOCTIlpaeTCH n)J.OJIb l\IOpH. lI6C! 0'1'
I1cTpa )1,0 Bop11C<pena - .o;eCHTb )J.HCM llynI, a 0'1' BopIIcelIa
)J.o I\JeC>THMCI\OrO 03epa - .o;pyrne )J.CCHTb; H 0'1' l\lOpH nUYTpL
cTpaubl }:(O lIIeJIaIIXJIeIIOB, a\lmYllHx I3bIIIIe clmq)()B,- J(Ba-
}l.l\aTh J\ueii llynI. A o[(Ho.n;uenuLIli: UYTb, Halt H npIIIUl}J,bIBa 10 ,
COCTaB.IUIOl no J(BCCTn CTalJ,nCB. Tamll\1 oopa3G:\1 J(JITIHa Clm-
qllll1 II nOlIcpO'IIImI nanpaBJIennH COCTHUJIHCT 4000 CTH1(Hen
II n nanpaBJICHHlI, ne,1.IynJ;Cl\I BnYTpb crpaUbl, - ee CTOJIblW
7

/l\e CTa[(nen. BOT Talwna neJIn'1llna aTOM 3eMJIm> (IV, 101)".
1\aI>: MbI nup;UM, fepop;oT npeJl,CTanJIneT ce6e CHIHlmIO n
r,lI[(C Ima[(paTa. l1ccJIcJ{onaTeJIn OTnOCflTcn 1\ aTO;\IY nonpo-
cy no-pa3IIoMY: op;IIn npI1Hlll\IaIOT «CHHcpclmn '1cTblpexyrOJlb"
IUnO), J{pyrne C{UITaIOT, '11'0 Tarwc onpcJJ;eJlenne lIe 3D.CJIymH-
naeT cepbe3Horo BIIIIl\IaIIIln. ,[(elICTBIITeJlblIO, ronuwH rpa-
IIHI{a l1CTp - J30pnccpeH - MeOTIIJ{a, npOXO[(flII{aH DO
LJCpUOl\IOpCI<OMY I106Cpe/HLIO, II nOCTO'1IIan rpaIIIIIa; IIp;ym;an
no AaonCROMY MOplO II ,[(OIIY, Jl,onOJILIIO II3BHJIUCTbI II lIe CO-
CTanJlflIOT npm,wii yrOJI. Ho IIymeII JIll 3}J;eCL TaI<oii CTporUII
rCOJl1CTpIPIeCIUIii nop;xop;? BeP;L yHa3aIIHan TeppnTopnn cxe-
JllaTfPIIIO Bce me 6JI!I3Ra I>: <pOp:\18 Ima;'J,paTa. II03TOl\lY, lID. .
MOll B3rJInp;, (mpep;eJIeUIIC fepop;()Ta c.'leJl,yeT C{IHTaTL npa-
I'lfJILIILIM, XOTH II HeCHOJIbRO YCJIOnHbIM.
IIOnbITaeJlICH onpep;eJIIITb npHluepm)Ie rpalIlII{bl «CIUI<P-
clwro {IOTbJpcxyrOJILHHH:a». 81'0'1' Bonpoc p;OJIroe npel\ln Bbl-
3blnaJI O1IHIBJIeHHble cnopbl II JJ;O CIlX nop cm;e lIe pCilleH
OROn{IaTeJlbIIO.
Ha{IIIeM C lorO-3anap;IIOro yrJIa I-map;paTa. fepoP;oT nOMe-
IQaeT ny TOQRY B YCTbe l1cTpa (,[(yuan). Ha3aJIOCb 6bl, yHa-
salIlle nnOJIUe Hcnoe II onpep;eJIeHIIOe H ne JJ;OJIHUIO BLI3bma Tb
RalH1X-JIH60 CJI OJIUIOC Ten. Op,Hal<O TaRaH CJIOJIUIOCTL nOHnJIH-
eTCH. 11 BbI3BaHa olla CJIOBaMII fepop,oTa 0 TOM, '11'0 l1CTp
BTeRaeT B CRIIcpIIIO, «nonOpa'1UBaH yCTLe HaBCTpe'Iy 101'0-
BOCTO'IHOMy neTpy» (IV, 99). Sp,ecb HCHO CI>:a3ano, '11'0
YCTbe pelm Hepcp, Bnap;eHIIeM B Mope nonopa'IUnaeT Ha 101'0-
1I0CTOR. A OCHonHoe yCTbe ,[(YHaH, RIIJIUMcl<oe, BbIXOp,HT B
Mope, Ral>: II3neCTHO, npnMO na BOCTOI\. HaJII1I{0 - HnlIoe IIe-
COOTBe'1'CTBIIC. IIoaToMY 60JIbillIIHCTBO IlCCJIep,OBa TCJIen C'1H-
TaIOT, '11'0 fepop,oT Henpam-IJIbIIO npep,CTanJIHJI ce6e p,eJlbTj'
HCTpa.
Ho 06BIIHeIII1H n ap;pec aIITH{IHOrO anTopa ORa3aJIllCI)
nanpaCHblMI1. .1J:CJIO n TOM, {ITO .n;eJIbTa pCIHI, HaH Mbl
YBIlJ];I1M JJ;aJIee, nce npeMH MeHHeT cnoe nOJIOmeHlle. Sa npo-
mcp,lUIIC 2,5 TbICH'I11 JIeT OHa ueY3IIanaeMO n3J\1eIII1JlaCL. Bo
npeMCHa fepop,oTa OCIIOBIIblM yCTLCl\1 pelm ObIJIO He l\uJIUM-
Clme, Hal>: cerop,Ufl, a CnHm;eHIIoe, ROTopoe B HaCTOHm;ee Bpe-
MH lIe cym;eCTnYCT. Ha ero JllCCTe paCI\IIIIYJIOCb COBpel\leHHOe
03epo Pa3eJIbM. ,[(eJILTa pelHI Torp,a 6bIJIa COpUerITIlpOBaHa
IIl\IeIIIJO na 10ro-nOCTOI,- A 3a npOllIep;illHe TbICfl'Ie.'lCTUH B
ClIJIY l\eJlOrO pHp,a reOJIOrIPleCRUX CpaI\TOpOB Iwn<pHrypa1\HH
;n,eJILTbl UOCTeneIIHO n3MeUIIJIaCI). 113l\lCIIIIJIaCb II ee opneII-
TaI{I1H.
Halt Mbl BlIp,UM, ynpeRu n ap;pcc fepop,OTa a6COJIIOTHO He-
06oclIoBallIIbl. OIl COBepllICHIIO rrpaBIIJIbHO npep;CTaBJIH.rr ce6e
8

cpuelITaIlIIO ;n;eJIbTbI MCTpa. Apyroe ;n;eJIO, '11'0 lIIb! caMU He
Hcer;n;a npe;n;CTaBJIHeM, I< aI, BblrJIn;n;eJI TOT UJIH nHOH pai-ioII
IlPII'lepIIOIl-lOpLn B aIITIPIIIoe BpellIfl. Be;n;L 3;n;eCb npOlI3011IJIlI
alIaqIlTeJILHble IIaJIeorcorpaqmqeCI<He H3MeueHIUl. He y'lII-
TbIBa TJ) ux HeJIL3n. BC3 ;noro neB03l11OnUIO IIpaBIVIblIO no-
EHTJ) l\lIIorue CBC1(cmIH aHTII'IIlJ)IX aBTopOB, a TaI<lI\e eJIblii
pn;n; I<OIII<peTlIblx BonpOCOB ;n;pcBneH IICTOpHII pernOUfl.
MTaI<, 06man OplIeHTaQlIfl «clmqJCIWrO qCTblpexyrO.1JLIIII-
I,a» Hcua (pIlC. 1). Ero JOrO-3ana;n;ULIH yrOJI nflXO;n;U'fCH B
YCTbe AyuaH. IOnman rpalIlIQfl npOXO;n;nT no 6cpery l.lep-
noro lIIOpn II YIlIIpaCTCH B Kep'IeHcIurii npOJIlm, ;n;pCBIIIIH
Bocnop I{HMl\IeplIiicJnnI, CtuI'fanilIlIHCn YCTbel\I MeOTn;n;bJ.
3;n;eCL IorO-BOCTOqIIJ)IM yrOJI «CI<H<pCIwro qeTbIpexyrOJILIlIma».
OTCIO;n;a B;n;OJIb 6epera A30BCIwro Mopn 1I AOIIa TfmYJIaCb
HOCTOqHaH rpaIIHIa. CeBepo-nOCTOqI-IJ)lJI II cencpO-3ana;n;IIbIH
yr.%l paCCMaTpHnaeMoro I<na;n;paTa onpe;n;eJIflIOTCH BeCbMa
npII6JIl13UTeJILHO, COOTBeTCTBeHHO ;n;mnle CTOpOIIbI, panIIOH
4.000 CTap:IlHM.
IICpeCqnTblBaH ;ny )J:JIMIIY B IUlJIOMCTpax, UCCJIe)J.OBflTe.'lII
rIOJIY'IaIOT pa3IIbIe ln(ppbJ, B 3aBIIcnMOCTII 01' Toro, l<aIwii Be-
.Tt-II'IlIHJ)I CTap:nH Hcnom)3YIOT: 150 M, 157 M, 178 1\1, 185 M,
197 M, 200 M, 210 111. fepop:OT He yI<a3J)IBaeT, I,aI\Illll lIMeII-
HO CTap:neM II3MepeHb! ero paCCTOHIIIIH. OTCIOp:a I:I TaIWH
pa3H060H B QII<ppax.
CTap:nH fepop:OTa l\IOnUlO OlIpep:eJIlITb, H ,n:YMaIO, CJIenylO-
I.QIIM 06pa30M. He06xo,n:UMO cpaBHMTb I<aI<oe-JIII60 YI\a;:JaIlIIoe
11M paCCTOHHMe C ,n:aIIIIbIMII .D;pyroro lICTO'IHIII<a. HanpHMep,
fepO.D;OT C006I.QaeT, '11'0 .D;JIlIHa BoclIopa c1JpaIUlIICIwro pan-
Ha 120 CTa.D;IIHM (IV, 85). TaIwe IRe paCCTOHHIIC 1\aeT If
IIOJIfI6nn (IV, 43), CTa.D;IIiI KOToporo 1I3BeCTeH - 178 l\1.
CJIe.D;oBaTeJIbIIO, Ii cTa)J.HM fepO.D;OTa paBeH 178 M, T. e.
JICTOpHI\ IIOJIb30BaJICH aTTII'IeCI<MlII CTa.D;HCM. AIIa.JIOrH'IIlbIM
BJ)IBO)J. BbICI<a3bmaJIH ytIeUbIC, HCXO)J.IIBIlIIIe II3 Toro, '11'0
fepO.D;OT npM IIalIIIcaUHlI CBoero TPY.D;8 OplIOIITUpOnaJICH na
AWJl/HbI, nCToplIH KOTOpbIX 3aHlIlIIaeT 3}J,eCL ICHTpaJILIIOC
MeCTO, II c.lIe)J.OBaTeJIbIIO, IIOJIL30BaJICH aTTUqCChIB] CTa)J-Ie:\1.
COBlIa)J.elIIIe .D;BYX IIe3aBlICIIlIIbIX )J.pyr 01' )J.pyra Bb]BO)J.013 clle
OOJIbllIe y6emAacT B TOM, '11'0 CTaJ(IIM fepO)J.OTa pallcn 178 M.
flpu aTOM, pa3YMeCTCH nCJIL3n IICRJIIOqaTL, qTO n tWIUIX-TO
OT)J.eJIbIIJ)IX CJIyqaHX (<OTeQ HCTOpIIH» UCIIOJIL30B3JI HCTO'IIIII-
RII, B IWTOPbIX MOll\8T <purypnpoBaTL .D;pyroii CTa!{IlFI.
TaIuIM 06pa301\I, nOJlyqaeTCH, '11'0 cTopoua Imal(paTi1 B
4000 CTa.D;IIeB pmma 712 [{M, a J{CIIh nYTH 13 200 CTaj{IlCB -
36 I<l\L 8TIIMH l'H<ppallnI MbI II 6Y.D;CM OIICIH'lpOllaTL B )aJII,-
nellllIIIX paCqeT8X.
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PH C. 1. Cm"q:,UH (no A. H. TepeUOiRIUlny u B. A. U;ILlIlICIWif)

CJICP:YCT OTMeTHTL, 'ITO pHn: ncc.TIC.n;013aTeJIeH 130Cnprr-
UUIlIaCT C13CP:CHlUI rCpO;:J:OTa 0 «CImcpCIW:\I 'ICTbIpcxyrO.IIbIIU-
1\8» C onpC)J;eJIeHHbum CO;\IUCHUn;\m. A A. C. Pao13cmri-i:, na-
npu:Mep, BUJJ;IIT 3)J;CCL IlIOTlIB, C13H3aHHbIH co CI,IHI)cIwiI
lHcpOJIOrHcn. Y'IelIbIII OnIe'IaCT: «CallI 1\IOTH13 QCTbIpexyrO.TIb-
non CTpaHLI npOHCIUIeTCH B C13CTC cpYIII-\HOlraJIbIIOii: xapaI{-
TCpHCTHKH, npncym;cn TaprIITaIO RaR BJIarblIW 'ICJIOCnOro
mIpa H IWJ\ nCpCOlIai'I\Y, pOa\)J;Clme WJToporo 3Ua;\IeuyeT
lI1OpMnp013aHIIC ynopH;W'-IeHHOH, opraIlH3013anIloii BCCJICIInoii.
PamrocTopOHIHJII 'IeTblpcxyrOJILIIIIR eC'Ib npocTolIIU3H IIIC-
iWJIh opraHII30BaIlI-roro MHpa» [86, c. 84].
lha!\, rCpO)J;OT .n;aeT 06ru;cc npe)J;CTa13JICnIIe 0 'IeppIITOpnJI
CRIIcpnn. Ona oxnaTbrnaJIa 06IlIIIpnbIc CTcnHblC II .rrCCOCTcn-
IIbIC npOCTopbI [1 pu'repnollIOpcIWii IIlI3I1ICIIIIOCTII. B CBOOM
cnHcaHHH <<OTC IICTOpHm) y)J;CJIHCT oc060c 13HHIlIanHC CI\JIlp-
n\IIIII pCIWM. I-IC60JIJJIIlOH OTphIBOI\ on CnCIIaJILn() nOCBH-
uaCT Cyp0130IIIY RJIHMaTY CIUlcpIIH: «BcH 3Ta CTpaIW, 0 1\0-
TOpOH 6bIJIO cJ\aaano, OTJIH'-IaCTCH nC06bI'Ialino XO.TIOJ\JIJ,IlIm
3HIlIaIlIH; 3p:eCI> 13 TO'Jonuc 130ChllU1 IIICCHI{CB IlfOp03 'Ia!WH no-
CTCpnIIIIII>IIi, '-11'0 CCJIU 13 31'0 npCIIIH pa3JIIl'Ib nop:y, TO rpH:JU
TbI lIC nOJIY'IIUliL. Uo CC.1IlI pa3i'IW'!b orOIlb, TO TbI nO.nY'I1IIUb
rpH3h. 3aMcpaaCT l'<ropo II nOCb BOCHOp KIlIII!lmpniicmlii.
n cInHln>T, II\JIHYlTIIO no CTO cTopony pna, c013cpmmoT no
Jl hl(Y BOCIlIIblC nOXOl\T,I JI ncpcromnoT I{PbITbIe nOll03IUT na
HpoTnBOnO.1IOnmuii oopor, ITa 30MJIIO CIIIIJ\013.
BOT TaHaH 3HMa 6b113aCT n TC'!CIIJIC BOCLllm l\ICCHOB nc-
npOpbI/JIW; H B OCTaJIhIJbIO 'lCTbIpO IIICCHI1a 3.n;CCb XO.1IO:HO.
TaJWH BI1Ma UOJIJIOCThIO OTJIH<mCTCH no CBOell-IY xapaI\Topy 01'
.1!Jo601I alDIbl, IWTopaH 6bIBacT B J\PyrIIx 3C11IJIHX. I\'or[la na-
cTYlraOl' IJopnoJ( ;:J:om}J;cM, B CKncpIIH nG DbIIIaJ(aCT J(o;r,;ll1,
o I\OTopmI CTOIJ.TIO 6bl rOBopHTb, a JIOTmI J\mHib ne npoH:pa-
-t'.<'CTCH.
Kor.n;a B JJ:PyrIIx IIICCTaX 6bIBacT rpO:\I, 3J\CCb B <)1'0 BpOHJ
oro nc 6bIBacT, JIC'IOM »e O'Icn!> '-!aCTO; CCJIn me rpOM C,!(y-
'WCTCH 3HIlIOH, TO 31'0 113YIIIJIHOT, IWI{ 'lY)J;O. TO'IIIO TaH 11\0,
ceJIn CJJY'IaC'ICH 3CMJICTpHCOnuc, KaI\ 3UIlIOii:, TaI{ 11 JIOT!»r,
B CKuqmu 31'0 C'-II1TaC'ICI1 qYJ(OM.
J1oIlIa;ru XOpOIlIO uepCnOCH'f 3TY 3nMY, a IIIYJI;,I II oem,}
He nopOnOCHl' CODCCl\I; B )J;Pyrllx mo 1I1CCTax JIoma/llI, IIO-
e10HBIlHlC na IOp03e, 3a6oJIOBaIOT ranrponOTI, a O('jILI II
IIIVJ[bl BbJIIOCHT XOJIOJ\» (IV, 28).
. OnllCaIII1C, l{a!, MbI BH)J;IIIII, 130CLlIIa lpaCO'lIIoe. Ho cnc-
HOllIU] 0 CTO.JIL cYPoBoiI 3IIIIIC, l\OnO'IIJO mc, CIIJILHO upcyno-
.lIJFICIIbI. Pa3YlIIeeTcfl, J\JIH 3.1IJI, IIIIOB npII13bUiIIIHX I MHrTWII-IY
I_JUBIa TY Cpc/u3e1l!mIOpLJI, CKI-IcpJIH 6bI.JICl jJ,OBO,JIbUO xo.JIOJ(-
11

fJl>UIl T,pReM. I-taT\ TIm;a3bTBmOT GnernaJH>ITI>Ie nGCJIOJ(013aTIH1
M. E. BY'lHncJwI'o, I,JIJOlaT 3;.I;eCI> BO npe:\Iena fepO)J;OTa 6bJJI
60JIee XOJIOJJ;IIbIM II 13JIaa;:nbDI, 'Ie1 13 ITaCTOHIQee 13peMH. Ho
BGO }Ke r0130pIITL 0 DOCbnL\reCH'II-IOii: SUMO ne npUXO)J;IITCH.
O'IeUL I;:paCO'IIIO, noaTH'IHO, no TaIm;:e C 60JIblIIIIM IIpe-
Y13e.TIlI'IeJ-IIIe:\i omiCbmaeT SllMY 13 paiioue HGTpa SHaIlIeHllTDIii:
pllIllcJmii non OBfIi'J;IIH 13 CBOUX «IIeqaJIbUI>IX IUICLMax»:
« I{'or;:Ia ;-r;:e ne'IaJIbnaH SMMa nOl\aa;:OT CDoe 3a)J;yoeJIoe JIHI{O
If SO:1.WH CTaneT 6eJIOH OT MpalOpnoro JIb)J;a, wr)J;a BopeH
H cner He n03DOJIHIOT IIHITb IIOg ApT\TOlI, Tor):\a CTan013HTCH
O'Ie13IIJ(IlLDI, 'ITO 8TH IIJleMeHa yrneTenbI 03H61IIIIM HO.TIlOCOl-r.
BeS1W ;W,WIT cner, II, 'IT06bI CO,lIITf{e n ):\OII\JJ:M ne paCTO
nUJIU ero, Bopeii YI\peHJIHeT ero II ):\eJIaeT ne'IHbIM. TaInnl
06pasmI, lIe ycnenaer erqe paCTaHTh npemrrMii, }\aR D hIll a-
laeT )J;pyrOI\ H no Mnorux MeCTax on 06bIIUIOBenno OCTaeT-
CH !IDa r01\a IIOJJ:pHJJ;.
H TaI-;ODa CHJIa paa6YlIIenamnerOCH AKBHJIOHa, 'ITO OIl
cpaBmmaeT C 3ell-WeH BhICOIme 6aIIInn H ynocHT COp13aHIII>IO
1,pmIln. .TIIO[III 3arqHlI(aIOTCH OT meCTOlUIX MOp030D IIIKypa-
]\In nWnOTIlI>IX II CIIIHTbnlII III TalIa:1.IH, II llS ncero TeJIR
TOJII,I\O JIIIf{O OCTaeTCH y IInx OTRIJbITbDI. BOJIOCI>I npn )J;BU-
n-:eIum 'faCTO 3BeUHT OT 13nCHmUX ua HHX JII')J;IUIOI\, U 6eJIaH
60pOJW OJTOCTIIT, nOKphITaH Hneedi. BhIIIYToe M3 cocYlla
JlHIlO CTOITT, coxpanHH ero (POp:1.IY, II HIITT> ero AalOT He rJIOT-
IWMII, a J;ycO'II;:a:1.HL..
H BOT, TO.:£bJW IIIRaH CIIJIa uenCTonoro BopeH YIIJIOTIIIIT
H.;rn Moper,ne, ILiIII TeEYIIIIe B peRe BOllI>I, TOT'IaC me pon-
II!.Iii OT iI\GCTlmx AI-mmIOIIon HCTP nepee3maeT BpaI'-13ap-
I,ap ITa OhlCTpOM Iwno. BpaI', CIwa KOTOpOI'O n Iwne II )J;aJIO-
IW Jlenmcii. CTpeJIO, pa30pHCT na JJllIpOIWM IIpOCTpanCTJ3C
('(;<:0[(111010 30mlfO>) (III, 10, 9-56).
o cyponml CIHHIJCIWM I;:.TlIHI&'fC paccn:aal>IBaIOT THIOI\:e H
l\pyrno ;q101lHlIC anTophl. 11I1T0pecHI,IO CBeJenIIH 06 8TO1
"fHTBO:(fIT, mmpI-BIOp, CTpaoon: «BCH :na CTpana oqem, xo-
.rrO:\THI mElon, JO MCCT, ,JlOm-HII(JJX Y Mopn Momny Bopuccpo-
nml II YCThCM ;\.JCOTI!J(hl; II:3 caII,IX IJpIIMOpCIH1X MCCTlIOCTOi,j
XOJIO[(lThDI J\JIITIIIaTOM OTJIHTWIOTCH caMMe COnOfJlIhJO, I-IMOIlllO
YCTJ,O lVIOOTl-f;(J.J II CIIO OOJIOO - YCTI,O BopHcq}Cna, a Tal,mo
yro.iI T,lMlTpa"c!wro If.!1JI f\apl\IJIJHTCIWro :Ja.!JIJua, rl\c uaxo-
HI/TCH I10pOIIIOCI\ Oo.TlhIlIOrO XopcolIeCIL
Xo.nO]lIl ;'JToii cTpanr.l, XOTfl 00 OOllTlne.!III II mnnYT ua
paBUITnHX, [(OlWaI,maJOTcfl C.!TC](YlolIlnlH (IJaH1'3MH: mUTCJIH
JJf' )\epil\a1' OC.JIOII (1100 n1'O iImBOTIIOC 110 IIhlllOCI1T xO.!IOAa);
6f,Tlm - oJ(Uu POJJ;H1'Cfl ocapOrm\1Jf, a Y l{PTIIX OTIIH.!IIIBaJOT
pora (noo 3Ta lIaCT" 1'CJJa TaJGJ\O no BblIIOCHT XOJIoJW); JIO-
12

m8.!(H 3,UeCD Memm, a OBI(J>! l'PYUIILI. 3ech TpeCI>:aIOTCH namo
MeJHble rIJAPHH, a coepaOl!l10C B IIHX 3aMep3aeT.
CIlJIa MOp030B JIY'lIIlO Bcero BHHa H3 Toro, '11'0 6U13aOT
OIWJIO YCTbH MeOTJI.!(bI: IlO npOJIIIBY H3 llaIITlmarren B <Da-
narOpl1IO nepee3rKalOT na nOB03Kax, TaK '11'0 TYT 6blBaeT TO
r,aIIaJI, TO CYXOII nYT!>.
PLI6a, 3aCTHfnYTan BO JILY, JIOBlITCn Tal>: IIa3bmaelOii:
ranraMoii, oc06cnno rKO oceTpLI, BeJIH'11UiOH rrO'ITII paBuble
p,eJIb<plIHaM.
PaccKa3LIBaloT, lITO nOJIKOBOe MHTpHaTa HeOrrTOJIeM
B OUOl\I !1 TOM me npOJIIIBe JIeTOM pa36HJI BapBapOB B MOp-
CKOIII 6010, a 311Il1OH B KOUHOM.
rODOpnT TaKme, '11'0 I{ 3lIMe ua Bocnope 3apl>IBaIOT
BHIIorpap;IlLIe JI03LI, naCLIIIan Ha HHX, 60JILlUOe IWJIH'1eCTllO
BeMJIJI.
Ho 3aTO H fIWpbl, rOBopRT, 6hIBaloT CHJIhUble, MOITWT
6blTb, nOTOMY, '11'0 TeJIa BapBapOB He rrpHDLmJIH K mape,
a MOrKeT 6bITL, H IIOTOMY, '11'0 Tora 6bIBaeT B CTelIHX 6e3-
BeTpHe, HJIII H BCJIep;CTBHe TorO, '11'0 IIJIOTJIl>Iii: B03JJ:YX CHJIb-
lICe IIarpeBaeTCH, TO'1HO Tal{, l{8!\ B 06JIaKaX p;eiicTBYlOT IIape-
JIlIH» (VII, 3, 18).
3ualwMHcb co ClnI<pHeH, UeJIh3H He 38IUITepeCOBaTLCR
CBeeIIlIRMH 0 mHBOTHOM H paCTHTeJIbHOM MHpe 8TOii CTpalIhl.
AUTlI'IHl>Ie aBTopbl npHBOHT HeMaJIO IIllTepeCHI>IX aHIIbIX.
06paTHMcn, ualIpIlMep, I{ «C60pmmy p;ocTOnpIIMe'1aTeJIbHO-
cTeii» faR IOJIIW COJIHHa. OIl IIOCBHTHJI 8TOMY Bonpocy cne-
lIaJIbIILIH pa3JJ;eJI:
«npeme '10M paCCTaTbCR co CI\II<pHeM, 6LIJIO 6bl rpolUno
060MTlI MOJI'IalIHeM, KaHHe rKHDOTHbIe CBOMCTBellHLI Cl{HqnUI.
B ;nOM aeMJIO nop;nTCH B orpOMIIOM IWJIII'1eCTBe OJIerIII; HTaI{,
3aMMeMCH OJIellHMII. CaMLI 8TOM IIOpObl IIPH HaCTYIIJlelBUI
OlIpee.TIeIIHOrO BpeMellII Te'um 6bmalOT O'ICHL 6yiinLI 01' no-
JIOBOro B036ymeHHH.
CaMHU, XOTH 6bI 6bIJIl1 OIIJIOOTBOpeHbl paIII,IIle, lIe 3H'IU-
rraIOT O 3Be3bI ApHTypa. ,[i,eTeHblIIleM 3a60TJIHBO BOCIIIITbl-
BaIOT. MaJIeHbKHX CTapaTeJlbIIO IIpH'1YT II, CJ{PbIB D rYCTI.>lX
I{YCTapHImax IIJIll B Tpane, YJJ;apaMH lIor n06ytn).1;alOT 11 PH-
TaTI>CH.
Mbl '1HTaJIlI, '11'0 O'1eJIb MIlorHe JIIOII, IIMeBIIlIIe nplIBI.I'I-
I{y 110 YTpaM eCTb OJIeIJIIHY, 6blJIlI JJ;OJIrOBe'IHbI 6e3 JIIIXOpa-
AOR; HO 81'0 nOMoraeT TOJIbIW B TaKOM CJIY'1ae, eCJIH OJICmI
IIOrn6JIII 01' OAnOH: paHLI. LLJIR OlIpeAeJIemm IIX 1I\IlBY'ICCTH
AJIeKcan)J;p Be.fIIIIUIM na)J;e.1J OIIleH:HllIm nB MHOlI\eCTBO OJIC-
nGM, HOTOpLIC, 6y).1;y'm IIoi'lMaHLI 'lepe3 CTO JIeT, eliW liC 00-
napymHBaJIH npH3I1aIWfi CTapOCTlI» (XIX, 9-17).
13

8TH H p:pyrHe CBeiJ:eHHH, pa3YMeeTCH, Tpe6YIOT I\PHTH'IC-
CIwro IIop:xop:a. Ho, necMOTpH Ha HeI{QTopOe rrpeYBeJIH'ICHIIe
II pRp: l\o1H:<jm'IeCRIiX rrpep:CTanJIeHHM, onH, 6eCCIIOpHO, rrpeiJ:-
CTaBJIHIOT HHTCpCC IaR caMH 1I0 ce6e, TaR Ii n:JIH IIOIIHMaIlUH
ypOBIIH pa3BI1:TI1H 'IeJIOBe'IeCRIIX 3I1amIll IIpIIpOiJ:LI B aHTII'I-
noe npeMR.
11rITepeCIII>IH OTPbIBOI{, TaRiRe IIOCBRm;CHHbIlI OJIelIRM,
rrpHBoJJ:HTCR H CO'IIlueUHH IIceBp:o-ApIICTOTeJIR «0 'Iyp:ecIILIx
CJIyxax»: « PaCCI\a3bIBaIOT, 'ITO y Cl\IHlJOB, Ha3L1BaerrIl>IX re-
JIOHallIJ1, BOp:IITCR O'IeIIh pep:Iwe rrmBOTIIoe, HOTopoe Ha3bIBa-
eTCH TapaUJJ:pOM. {'OBOPRT, 'ITO OlIO MelIfleT [(Bel' mepcn-I,
CMOTpH ITO MeCTY, rp:c HaXOJJ:HTCH; rroaTOMY TPYP:lIO JIOBHTb,
TaI{ IWI{ I{BeT ero mepCTH yrrOJJ:06JIHCTCR D;BCTY p:epeBLon,
MCCTIIOCTeu M Boo6II{e ncero, '1'1'0 oro oRpymaeT; BeCbl\1a
yp:lfnlITOJILIIO, 'ITO OHO MCIIReT [(Bel' mepCTH, TaH IWR rrpo-
'lIfe iIUmOTIIbIe MerrHIOT I(BeT JWilHl, RaH, HanpIfllWp, xal\1C-
JIeon JI ITOJIIHI; BeJIII'II1IIOIO OHO C 6I>IH:a, a Clwap:OM rOJIOBbI
IIOXOiIW Ha OJIeIlH» ( 30).
AIIaJroru'IHbIe CBeJelIIfR 0 TapaIIp:pe 1\10iIHIO nO'IepnnYTJ:'
B «EcTecTBeHHoii nCTopI-HI» IlmnIIlH CTapmero. 8'1'0'1' BLlp;aIO-
If(uiIcH pIulcImii y'IeHblir 1JHIlJeT: «Pa3Mep TapaIIp:pa, I{m{ Y
6bma, rOJIOna 60JIbme 0"'1enbei1, liO rro DI-IP:Y He OTJIIf'IaOTCR;
pora BeTBHCTbIe, RorrbITa rrapnbIe, BeJIH'IIUIa mepCTl:I, I{aI{ y
Mep:Bep:H, a I{neT, RaR y OCJIa, Rorp:3 TapaIlp;p XO'IeT 6I,ITb
cl3oei1 co6CTBennOll paC[(BeTIUI. Tnepp;OCTb ero I\OiRlI TaIWBa,
'1'1'0 I'I3 Hee p:eJIaIOT rraIl[(IfpH. I1cnyraBIlJIfCb, TapaHJ.\p IIPH-
liHMaOT I(13eT Bcex Tex J(OpeBbeB, HYCTapmmOB, IneTon,
a TaI\iHe Tex MeCT, B IWTOPbIX OH npH'IeTCR; rroaTOMY ero
pOJJ;I{O YJweTCH rroi1MaTb. BLlJIO 6bI yp:IHHITeJIblIO, OCJIlI 6l>I
TOJIO 06JIap:aJIo TaIHIM MHOro06p33HbIM I'I3MOnenHel\1 I(BeTa,
erf(e YllmHTeJILnee, 'ITO TaHoe I'I3l1IeHCrrUe JJ;apOBano H mep-
CTH» (VIII, 124).
MIloro BHIlMamHl UCTO'IHIIRIf YJJ;eJIHIOT TaI,iHO paCTIITeJIb-
IlOMY lIlIJPy Cl\IujnuI. HanpIIMep, Teo<ppacT B CBoeM cO'lIIne-
1IIIlI «0 paCTOHIlHX» B ne60JIbIlJOM OTpbIBHe p;aeT P:OBOJIhHO
IlOJIlIYIO IWPTHHY 0 TOM, I{aRUe p;epeBbR 3p;eCh npOIl3paCTaIDT:
<IlIa Omnme lImoro JIaBpa, a lIIJ1pTa BOBce HeT. B IImITe Y
I1alITUJ\aIIeR HeT lIIf '1'01'0, lllI p;pyroro, XOTR rrmTeJIII CTapa-
JOTCR TH13BOP;IlTb I1X If rrpHHIIMaIOT JJ;JIR 3'1'0ro Bcmme MepbI
CBHmen II OP;CliC TBUM.
CMOIWBIIUI(LI TaM paCTYT B II306HJIIUl II p:OCTIfraIOT 3Ila-
<Il1TCJlhIIOii: BLIIlJIUlbI, a TaI{J-I\e M rpaHaTbI, eCJIH HX nOKpLI-
BaTb na 3IlllIY; rpym If R6JIOK OqeHb MHoro, BCCB03MOiIUIMX
copTon II xopomero Ra'IeCTBa; OHII BeceHHIIe, 3a IICI\JIlO'Ie-
IlHelll rr03p;IIHX.
.14

1I3 )\HIWpaCTYI.IJ;UX p:epeBLeB Talll eCTL Ay6, BH3, HCeHI, II
nOp:06HI,Ie I1M; lIeT COCHbI, emI II llIIHIIU II Bo06I.IJ;e mnWIUIX
CMOJIIICTI,IX p:epeBbeB; JIeC 8TOT CI,Ip H 3naqIITeJII,HO xyme
CHHOrrCKoro, TaI qTO p:a;-Ke MaJIO Up:eT B AeJIO, KpOMe 110-
CTpOeR nop: OTI{PbITbIIII He60M. BOT ITO paCTeT BOI{pyr TIOH'ra
lImI, no HpaIIIlei-i l\iepe, B HeKOTopbIX ero I\IeCTHOCTHX»
(IV, 5, 3).
Teo<ppacT )J;aeT 3p:ecI, P;OBOJII,HO 06[I:\ee omlcaHIIe l'I UMCCT
n nuJJ.Y 60JIee IIJIU I\IelIee IPynIII,Ie JIeClIbIe MaCCIIBI,I. A B
IIc60JII,IIUIX KOJIIIICCTBax 3p:ecI, pocmI, HaK II CCllIaC pacTYT,
II p;pyrHo p;epenI,H, HanpHMep COCHa, eJII,.
rOBOpH 0 60raTOM paCTHTeJII,HOM lImpe CKlI<pIIJI, neJII,3H
ne OCTaHOBHTI,CH Ha cnep:emIHX 0 cm'I<pCKOII MeAHIJ;Hne. AH-
Tll'IHbIC aBTopI,I npIIBop;HT l>IHOrO HHTepeCHI,IX H Kpaihw
[(eHHI,IX C006I.IJ;eHUM 0 JIeIeHIIH C nOllfOI.IJ;I,IO TpaB, 0 np;ax II
npOTHBOHJJ;HHX, a TaR;-He 0 p:pyrHx pen:enTax. 03HaROl\llIMCH
C HeI\OTOpbIMH H3 HI-IX.
TeO<ppaCT, HarrpIIMep, IJHllIeT: «CJIap:OR II "CKH<pCHHi-i I{Q-
peHI,"; HeHoTopbIe Ha3bIBaIOT ero "CJIaNUIM". OH paCTeT y
IVleoTIIAbI; IJOJIe3eH npoTHB YP:YllII,H, rrpoTIIB cyxoro HallIJIH
If B.006I.IJ;e npOTHB rpyp:HI,IX 60JIe3Heii; KpOI\Ie Toro, B lIIep;y
nOJIe3eH npoTHB paH; MO;-HeT TaR;-He YTOJIHTI, ;-Ha;-HP:Y, eCJJIl
nepmaTI, ero BO PTY; n08ToMY, HaH rOBopHT, CRHcpI,I J\OBOJII,-
CTBYIOTCH Hl II rnnrraROIO no O.D:HHHap:n:aTu n p:BeHa)J;n:aTII
)l,Hei-i» (IX, 13, 2).
TImmnM CTaprrlIIM rrpnBOAHT aHaJIOrnIHI,W CBep:eHUH 06
81'0111 paCTemnr H Ha3bIBaeT ero CKH<pCROII TpaBoii. .l:(aJIce orr
OTllleqaeT: «TIo BceMY Mnpy pap;H 3)J;OpOBI,H JIIO)J;ell pa3B03HT
CKH<pCI,YIO TpaBY OT Meomi1:CKHX 60JIOT H ,)B<pop6uiicRYIO-
C ropbI ATJIaHT 3a fepaRJIOBbIMII CTOJIIIaI\IH, C 3aIWTa callIOii:
rrplIpop;bI, a 1I3 p:pyroM qaCTII 3eMJIH - 6pl'ITaHCRYIO TpaBY...»
XXVII, 2).
Ha)J;o rrOJIaraTI" cKl1<pcRaH TpaBa, HJIH CKHcpCKllll Ropell!>,
,u:ei-icTBHTeJII,HO 06JIa)J;aJIa IICRJIIOqlITeJII,HI,IMn n:eJIC611I,DUI
CBolIcTBaMH, HOJII, 6I,IJIa llIHpOKO rrorrYJIHpHa BO BCel\I 06HTae-
MmI Torp:a I\IHpe.
TIOMHMO CKJI<pCROH TpanI,I TIJIHHIIH paCCI{a3bIBaeT TRRme
o P;PyroM n:eJIe6HOI\I paCTeHIIU: «Be3bII\1eHKa rrOJIyI1IJIa TaIWe
IIMH, TaR KaK eM ne HaMp:eHo Ha3BallHH. TIpoCJIanJICBlIYro
rm-\ecnel\l, BpaqOM C 60JII,illHM aBTopHTeToM, a TaIOI-\e Apu-
CTOrJ-ITOIIOI\I, ee npuB03HT H3 CKlI<pIIII. aHa rrpeKpaCHO iwii-
cTnyeT, eCJIH rrpIIJIOmHTI, ee, HCTOJIqellrryIO BMeCT8 C BOOrJ,
Ii paHe; B Bnp;e rrHTI,H ona xopOllIa npn nopamenIIHX rpj'J{I1
II npep:cep)J;HH, a TaI{JIm IIPH HpOBoxapHaHbHX. CqIITaJIII, '11'0
ce CJIep:yeT nHTb paHeHbIl\I» (XXVII, 31).
15

]10 c.l,IHIJbI 31WJIll ne TOJIhlW [oJIe6nl>Ie TpaBbl, 110 II H;(O-
BnThlC. TOT me TeOlIJpaCT, nanplllllep, UHIlIeT: «)3 3qm:omm
OCTb HeImii cMepTonocHblii j,OpeUb, j,OTOphIM na:lla3l>IBaJOT
CTpOJIbl, a B CRJ:Iclmu - OU mo U MHoruc ;J;pyruo, II3 1>01'0-
phiX oAHu cpa3y y6IIBaIOT rrpnHHBllilIx [lX, a Jl:pyme-
J3 60JIee HJIU !lIeHee npOJJ;OJIiI\IITeJILHOe BpOllUl, l' aI, 'ITO no I{o-
TopMe Y!lnrpalOT 01' HCToru;eHIIH>) (IX, 15, 2).
A B CXOJIIIHX II: CO'UIHemuo FhuWHJl:pa «IJpOTHBOHJ\IIfI})
paCCI\a3bIBaeTCH 0 JIY'IHOM HAe. «J1Y1UII>IM» ua3bIBaeTCH Ta-
Iwii H,n; nOTOMY, 'ITO 011, nOJJ;06uo CTpeJIa:\f, y61IBaeT HCMep;-
JIOHIJO, 6YJJ;Y'In C'bcJJ;eu HJIIf BbmnT, IfJIH UOTOMY, 'ITO uapqm-
lIe H Clm<pbI, CTpeJIHH H3 JIyIWB, IlaMa3bllIaIOT UM Ila1WHC'I-
mum CTpeJI... 1mIl rrOTOMY, 'ITO OIl y6IfBaeT IIoJJ;06no Dl>ICTpe-
;flY 113 JIY1m, 6YP;y'IH C'beJJ;eIl nmI BLImIT; OIl Ha3bIBaCTCH
lIeKOTOpbIMH CIUHpCIUlM HAOM; JJ;pyrne /Ke rOBopHT, 'ITO OIl
npOH30rneJI If3 HpODIf m:APbI, a rHAPY y6IlJI fepaHJI, II [10-
TO!lfY ua3bIBaeTCH JIY'IIII>IM)} ( 27).
11 3eCb, 1l:a11: MbI BUAHM, peaJIbIlbIe CBeJ(emIH nepOll-IeIJIa-
nhI C Muqnl'IeCH1IMH.
A ITcenp;o-ApHCTOTeJIb B CO'IHHeHHIf «0 '1YAeCHhIX CJIY-
xax» I;:paTHO 11 BIIOJIHO HClIO H3JIaraeT pOeIIT fIpI1TOTODJIO-
UHH clmqJCIl:OrO HAa: «PaCCI{a3l>IBaIOT, 'ITO cIm<pcImii: HA, IW-
TOphIM npOIIIfTbIBaIOT CTpeJIbI, A06l>IBaeTCH 113 OXlIAIIbI. CIUI-
cIJhI, II:aH\CTCH, IIop;cTeperaIOT YII{e pOAlfDllInxcH nHlBblX AO-
TeIlhImefr, .TJ:OBHT IlX H OCTaBJImOT rJUITb IlOCI\OJIhHO Aueii;
Iwrp;a 111\1 nOll:anWTCH Bce JJ;OCTaTO'IHO crHHBUIIIM, oun naJIH--
!laIOl' 'IC.Twne'lecHyIO HpOBb B rOpIIIO'Iel\, 3aHpbIBaIOT oro n
aapl>IBaIOT B lIaB03, a I\OrJ.\a Hal'O crnnel', TO Bowun1CTbIii
HHCTOii, 06pa3YIOIwriicH HaJJ; I,pOBbIO, CIIIOIIIHnaIOT C rHOCM
OXH:HbI II TaImM 06pa30M JJ;eJIaIOl' CMepTOIIOCIIbIii fI;V)
( 141).
PaccI\a3I,lBafI 0 Hp;ax, rreJIb3H 060j,YTn HOOpOC II 0 npOTH-
BOH1UHIX. H3roToH.TICImC CMepTOIiOCIloro f!J:(a rrpHBeJIO 1\ I1C-
06XOJ1,I1!1IOCTII HClmTL H CpeJXCTBO npOTIfB nero. TaH 6blJIH n30-
opeTolIhI II opOTIInOHJJ;IIfI.
An.TI fe.TIJIuii 13 CHOO!lI o6nmpuOllf C01JIIIlOnHH «ATTHqCCmW
HOlm» paCCI\aahIBaCT 0 1'0111, ImJ{ ycrrcllIHo IIOJIb30BaJICH npo-
TI\BOflJIIH11m JrerCIIJJ;apHl>Iii II OIl TH iiClm i,j: IapI> MHTI>IfJaT:
<d'OHOpH'1', '11'0 I10HTniicJ\IJo YTI;:n 06bIH:UOBeIIUO fllITarOTCH
HJ(amL .TTeuuci,i, oTIIyu:(eIIHlIIi: fIleH J1011meH, mImel' WlIIW,
lITO aIW!llOIIHThlll rrOIITHiiCIaIii aDh M1ITpnJJ:aT 6bIJI :mnTOII:
MeJ(nrnllj,I II cpen:CTB TaIl:OrO pOJa H 06hUUJonCHIIO npIIMOlIIII-
HaJJ "POBL al'UX YTOI{ I{ JIeIWpCTHaM, IWTopLle CJIYIIWT l\JIH
Y IIlPITOmCHUH ]:(eiicTlHm Hnon; 3Ta I;:POBI, 6J.IJIa naJI\IIciillIUIII
epe;(CTBO:\1 npn COCTan:lCIIIUf aTIIX npOTHBOHJl.HH.
1(j

Ca;\-I me n;apL rrOCTOfIITHLIM YIIOTpc6.:rOIII-IOM TaIUIX CpCJ1;CTB
oxpamm ce6H 0'1' TajjIIhIX IW3IICii: Ha l1npUleCTBax; Oll Jame
nnpO'IIIO, pap:I'I XBaCTOBCTDa, 'IaCTO rJIOTaJI CHJJLIIUfI II 6l>ICT-
po p:eikTByrorquii f!P:,- II on ne rrpI-I'JIInHJI GillY npc;:a.
nonmlY nIIOCJIO;CTBIHI OIl nOCJIe nopamemur R 6IITBe,
6emaB B OTp:3JIOIIHeI1:UlUH I{paii CBoero apCTBa H pOUlIIB
YlVIepOTL, TleTIIO HCIIp060BaJI cUJILueiiume flp:LI P;JIfl YCRO-
penInI CMCpTlI II IIaIWIIe rrpOII3IIJI cal\wro ce6H C06CTBCHIIbIM
l\1e'IOl\1.
TIOJIL3YCTCH orporvfJIOi1 H3BeCTIlocTLro rrpOTIIBOH):\IIe aToro
apH, I\OTopoe na3LIBaeTCH MlITpHp:aTOBCIUfIlI» (XVII, 16).
PaCCI{a3bIBaH 0 CImqnUI, rreJIb3H ne aaTporryn Borrpoc 0
ee PU6IfI>IX 60raTcTBax. ArrTH'IULIe aBTopbI Heop:non:paTno
OTMe'IaIOT, '1'1'0 CluHpclUle perm: 60raTbI PbI60ii. Sp:ecb 06UTa-
JIll II pbI6I'I IJ.eIITIJ,IX rropo)1" IWTopue Terrepb, I{ COm3JIellIlIO,
lIC'Ie3.Tlll IIO'ITJiI rrOJIHOCTMO. fepop:OT, IIarrpHIIWp, rOBopIU,
'ITO B BopIlc1Jono BOp:HTCH «MrromeCTBO rrpeBocxop:rreihuHX
pl>I6» U cpep:n JIIlX «orpOMHue 60CKOCTIIhIO PbI6I,I, IWTOPhIX
JIa3bIBaIOT aIITaImHMU» (IV, 53), T. e. II3 ceMeHcTBa oceT-
pOBLIX.
BOJIl,UlIIIIHI pLI6rrbIMH 60r3TcTBaMH B aHTll'lHOe BpeMH
C-JIaBUJIHCb JIe TOJlbI\O CI\Hq)cIUIe pelm:, no II IIpn6pe»mbI8
BOAI,l n OTITa 8B1{CIIHClWro, II B OC06eJIHOCTII MeOTU:I:I,I, rp:o
6r>lJIH IIpOJ{paCIIhlC YCJIOBHH p:JIR lIepeCTa U pOCTa MOJIOp:IIRI\a.
BOT, It npHIlIepy, '1'1'0 IIUIlIeT 06 aTOM TImIImi1 CTapUlui-i:
«Pu6r.r JIIo60ro Bllp;a paCTYT C JIe06bU\HoneHHOii 6LICTpOTOH,
H oc06eHIIO B nOIITe. npI-I'IIIHa - MIIOm:OCTBO pel" BJIHnaro-
nnx B nero npecnyro BOp;y. POCT pLI6bI no Ua3RaHllIO allHIH
aaMeTCIJ omel\nOBlW: nrqa 60JIee BI\ycnyIO nuuJ.Y, OlIa Bl\IOCTO
C TYUQaMH JiI UOJIallllJp:aMH CTap:arvIl1 BXO.n;MT B TIOHT, rrpI-l'leM
y l\ am lJ.oro CTap:a CBoii BOmart, a Biiopen:H BCOX CItYM6pruI,
IWTopafI B BOAC UMceT TI;BeT COp!>l, a BIle ee n3MeIIHOT IBOT...
OJIJar\O B HOUT He BXOAHT lIlT oLlno Bpop:Hoe l\JIfI pbI6 mu-
nOTHoo, I;:POllIO 1l1OpCl\lIX TeJIflT H IIe60JlbIIlIIX p;eJII,qmn0 B»
(IX, 49-50).
IIoJIaMI1l1,a 6bIJIa ol\Ilo!i II3 r.naDHbIX rrpO!l-IbICJIOBhIX pLIO
n npUIIOCHJla orpOllIlIhIii JOX01J. I10HTHi-icm'IM ropop:alll, oc06en-
no BI'r3arrTHro, paCllOJI01IWnnOMY Y nr.Ixop:a 113 ITOlI"ra 8BIt-
CIHlCIwro. BOT mm nOHPoono U ItpaCO'IIIO paccn:a3r.IIWeT 06
aTOIII CTpa60rr:
«OT !lIMCa, 06pa3yrorqcrO ufITucTap:ueBJ,Ijj npoJUIB, )1,0 ra-
Ham'I, nocfIIleii rra3BaIIHe ,,110p: cIIIOI\OBrrIIci-i", Bcero 35 CTa-
Anii; OTCIOlla me p:o Pora BI13aIITuiiIJ,eB 5 cTawIi-i. Por-
;no 3amID, npIIMbmalOI.I(Hii: H CTeuo BnaanTHiieB, rrpocTII-
paIOu,n1iicH npH6JIHaiiTOJILIlO B aanaJJ:HOM nanpaBJIOUUH na
17

60 C'I'a,!J;IIH IIO):\OOHO OJIerrbeMY pory. On pa3BeTBJIHeTCH na
MIIOII,eCTBO MaJIeHLlUIX 6YXT, Hal, 6Ll na BeTBH.
CIO):\a nOIIa):\aJOT neJIalllIlAbI, JI013JIH KOTOpbIX 06JIef1raeTCH
I1X orpOMHOM Maccoti:, CH.'IhIIbIM Te'lenneM, croHHIOru;lIlIl PbIOY
B RYIY, II Y30CTbIO aaJIIIBOB; B nOll TeCHOTe IlX MOllino .TIO-
1311TL ):(allie rO.J:ILBIII PYI,am.
3Ta pLI6a nepecTIITcH B OOJIOTaX l\IeOTII;:(bI. a Ror,rJ:a ne-
JlIIIoro IIOJipacTe'r II OI,penHeT, TO lWCH}\am YCTpe:'WHeTCH
ICpe3 ycne II n.n:eT 13):(OJIb a3uaTClwro 6epera ;:(0 Tparre3ynTa
II CDapHaKIUl. 3p;eCb HaIlIHaeTCH IIepBaJI JI013JIH nc.rIallm.n:hI,
op;HalW He oc06eHHO 06IIJILHaH, Tal, l,al, pbI6a He p;OCTIlraeT
eru;e Hop:.mJILHOii BeJIn'lIlHLI. Ho }\OfJW ROCHKII pbIOLI ;:(OXO-
AilT AO CIIHonLI, TO OHa Yllie 60J'Iee 3peJIaH ;:1;JIH JIOBJIH II 3a-
CO.TW.
BCJmniI pa3, Rorp;8 pI>Ioa p;OCTnraeT HIIaI-I8{r II rrpoxoj1ln
MIIMO HIIX, I\aRaH-TO 6eJIaH c}\aJIa, BblcTynaIOru;aH co CTOpOHbi
XaJIHe;J:OHC}\OrO 6epera, Hm CIVILHO IIyraeT ee, ITO OHa '1'0'1'-
'IaC ffie nOBOpa'IIIBaeT K rrpOTHBOIIOJIO;-HUOlIIY 6epery. Ee
nop;xnaTbIBaeT 3;J;ellIHee Te'IeHIIe; HO rrOCIWJlbHY 8Ta :'IeCT-
IIocn 0'1' IIPUP0):(LI 6.rraronpIIHTcTByeT IIOBOPOTY MopClwro
TereHIIH I, BH3aHTIIJO 11 R JIe;-HammIY Y Hero Pory, 1"0, eCTe-
CTBeHHO, pbl6a HaIIpaBJIHeTCH CIO;J:a II p;OCTaBJIHeT BII3aHTIIM-
l.\aM II Hapo.n;y plBrCKOJllY 3na'lHTeJILHbI{r AOXOP;.
XaJII,e;:J;onl.\bI ;-He, XOTH II 1I\IIBYT IIOOJIIJ30CTI'l na rrpOTIIBO-
f10JIomn0J\1 6epery, He JJMeJOT AOJIII B 9To.M 60raTCTlJe, TaR
J>&H IIeJIaMllp;a He nO;:1;XOAI'lT R I'lX raBaHHM. OTCIOp;a paCCRa3
o TOI\I, RaH nOCJIe OCIiOBaIII'lH XaJIRe;J;OHa Merapl.\m.m AnoJI-
JIOH nOBeJIeJI TeM, 'lTO BOnpOrnaJI opaHYJIa, 1-HeJIaH IIOTOM:
ot-HOBaTb BU3allTIIii, ,,3aJIOI-KIITL nOCeJIeHne HanpOTIIlJ CleII-
U;OB"; oor Ha3naJI XaJIRen:OHl.\eB cn:enLIMII 3a TO, 'lTO OHU,
XOTH II npHIIJILIBaJIII npe;-Hp;e B 9TII MeCTa rra Hopa6JIfIX,
YIIYCTIiJIII B03'lO;-HHOCTL 3aHHn. CTOJIL 60raTYIO 06.rraCTL na
p;pyrm'l 6epery II BLI5paJIII 60JIee 6e;:1;HYIO CTpaHY» (V iI,
G, 2).
Hal:; lbI BII;J:HJ\l, MeoTH;J;a II TIOHT 6l>IJIII lI3BeCTHLI orpOI-
IJbDIJJ PbI6Hbum 6oraTCTnallUI. XapaKTeprro, 'lTO }\pynHcii-
IIlIIll peBHerpeqeCHI'l{I ropop;, OCHOBaHHLIH B JIY'lrneii 6Y,XTe
Eocnopa I{m.HrepHIJcKoro Ha IeCTe COBpell'leHHOll Repqll, no-
JIY'IIIJI Ha3BaHIJe TIaHTlIHane{r, T. e. PbI6HbI{r nYTb. 8'1'01'
IJ,GIITp 6bIJI O;:1;JUIM lI3 OCHOBHbIX HlIlIIopTepOB pLI6bI. Eocnop-
CIwro 3aCOJIa pbI6a CJIaBIfJIaCh He TOJILHO na BceM TIoHTe,
HO II ;::t:aJIeKO 3a ero IIpep;eJIa:.m.
Ha 3TOM Jlwamo 3aBepIIIIITL o6mee 3HaKOJllCTBO co CI\U-
({meM. B CJIe;::t:yIO:w;:nx rJIaBaX nOll,J:eT pe'lL 0 HaII60JIee JJHTe-
peCHbIX Bonpocax HCTOpHI'l H reorpafiJIIH 9TOll CTpaHbI.
tR

OTRYAa npHIDJIH CRH.bI?
o npOI-IcxomAemfI'I CIUH:POB fepO,l(OT npMBOJJ;HT ,l(Be lIereH;J,bI.
OJJ;Ha BepCIIH npUIIa)];lIerI\I'IT caMMM CI\IH:paM, ,l(pyraH - nOII-
TnnCI\IIM rpeI\allI. DepBaH JIereII)J;a rlIaCMT: «1\aI\ YTBep1-I\;:J.a-
101' CI\II(:pLI, lI3 Bcex rrJIeMeH ux IIJIeJ\UI caJ\lOe MOlIO,l(Oe,
a B03mmJIO OHO CJIe)];yroIIJ;MM 06pa30l\I: nepBbIM nOHBIIJICH Ha
:3TOII aeMlIe, 6bIBIlIeii B TO npeMH nYCTbUIHOll, l.IeJIOBeI no
llMeHII TaprlITaii. A pO)];IITeJIR :noro TaprIITa, ImI\ rOBopHT
(Ha JlfOii B3rJIH,l(, IlX paCCI\a3 He)];OCTOBepen, HO OHM Bce rI\e
IIMeHno TaI\ rOBopHT), 3eBC H )];0'-1b peI\Il BopIIccpeHa.
Tafwro IU,WHIIO rrpOMCX01I\)];eHHH 6bIJI TaprMTaiL Y Hero
PO)];HJIHCL Tpn CbIHa: J1unoRcaii M ApnoRcaiI II caMbIII MJIa));-
IDIIM 1\OJIaI\caM.
Bo npeMH ux npaBJIemm Ha clmqJCI{YIO 3eMJIlO ynamI
C6POIlIeJIHbIe C He6a 30JIOTbIe npe)];l\IeTbI: rrJIyr C HpMOM,
060IOAoocTpaH cermpa II '-mIlIa. CTaprrIIIH, YBRAeH nepBbIM,
rrOAOIlIeJI, meJIaH MX B3HTb, no npn ero npn6mnlmmm 30JIO-
TO 3arOpeJIOCb. DocJIe '1'01'0 Halt OH YAaJII1JICH, IIO,l(OIlIeJI BTO-
poii, II C 30JIOTOllf CHOBa npOIl30IlIJIO TO me caMoe. 8TIIX 3a-
ropeBIlIeeCH 30JIOTO OTBeprJIO, npII npH6JIIIrI\eJum me 'l'peTI,-
ero, cal\lOro MJIaAIlIerO, ono rroraCJIO, II OH yuec ero I ce6e.
II CTapnUle 6paTI,H rrOCJIe 91'01'0, no B3anllIuOMY COrJIaIlIe-
mno, nepeAaJIlI BCIO apCKYIO BJIaCTb MJIaAIlIellfY.
0'1' J1unoKcaH npOM30IlIJIM Te ClnIcpbI, IWTOplJIe lIMeHYIOT-
CH pOHOM aBX3TOB. 01' cpeAnero ApnOI{CaR npOII30IlIJIH lll\Ie-
HyeMbIe JmTflapaJ\1n II TpacrrIIHlIfII. 01' caMoro me lIf.naAIlIero
1I3 lIUX -l\apll, HOTOpbIe UMeI-ryIOTcH rrapaJlaTaMII. Bce llMe-
CTe onu na3bIBaIOTCH CI{OJIOTbI no HMemf l\apH; cIm<paMH me
Ba3HaJIII HX rpeI\H.
CIHI<pbI YTBepmAaroT, qTO HlIIeHBO TaR oIln II rrpOM30IlIJIIl,
JIeT me CO BpeMeI-lH I-IX npoHcxomAenHH 0'1' nepBoro JWpH
TaprIfTaH )J:D noxoAa )J,apHH na IIX 3elllJIIO Bcero, J{3I\ rOBO-
pHT, Be 60JIbme TbICHqn, HO IIMeUHO CTOJILIW. 81'0 1I\e CBH-
lIeHHoe 30JIOTO QapII 6eperYT 60JILIlIe Bcero II ImrI\AbIII rO}1;
YII1HJIOCTMBJIHIOT ero 60JILIlIIIMII mepTBonpIIHOIlIeHHHMH.
1\1'0 lIa aTOM npa3AHlme, oxpaHHH CIHImeUHoe 30.nOTO. YC-
HeT nOA OTHpbITbIM He601l-l, TOT - HaR C'IHTaeTCH Y CI\II<POH-
He npoamBeT II rO,l(a. DoaTOMY eMY laIOT CTOJIbHO 3eillJIH,
CIWJIblW OH CMomeT 06'LeXaTb na Iwne 3a oAlIn neHL. TaI{
I;aI\ (;Tpana O'-IeHL Bemma, I\oJIaI\caii pa3}J.emm ee Ha TPII
QapcTBa MerI\JJ.Y CBOIIMH CbIHORbHMII 11 OJ(IIO I-I3 nHX CAeJIaJI
nalI60JIbIDIIM - TO, B IWTOpOM xpaHHTCH 30JroTO.
fOBOPHT, ITO 06JIaCTb, paCnOJIOmenHYIO BI,IIne 061ITaTe-
,neii BOPXI-IHX '-laCTelI CTpaHlJI no HanpaBJIeHIIIO I\ ceBepHOIlfY
19

BeTpy, IWB03MOnUIO fIIl paCCMOTpeTI" HH rrpOHTIl Aa.'IeIW
BrJIy6I, H3-3a UaiWIOllJ,IIX uepI,eB. BeJ\I, 11 3eMJIH, II B03JJ,YX
IIarrOJIIleIlbl nepbHMH, OIIlI-TO II 3aCJIOnHIOT BIIJ\» (IV, 5-7).
TaIWBa CHuiPCI\aH JIerenn;a.
BTopaH JIereni'la maCUT: «fepaHJI, yronHR 6bIHOB fe-
pHona, IIpu6I,IJI B TY, 6I,IBllIYIO Tor,ua IIycTI,IHnoH 3eMJIlO, 1-\0-
TOpyIO TerrepI, naCeJIHIOT CIUIqJbI.
fepHon II\IIJI 3a IIpe,ueJIaMII nOlITa, 06uTaR na OCTpOBe,
HOTOpbIi-i rpeHU naSI,IBalOT 8puiPeH. On lIaXOJ\HTCR BOSJIe
fal\up, pacnOJIOmemlI,IX no TY cTopony fepaHJIOBblX CTOJIlIOB
y OHeana. 06 OHeane me lIa CJIOBaX YTBepmn;aIOT, 'ITO OH,
B3HB lIa'IaJIO Ha BOCTOHe, Te'leT BOHpyr Bceii: 3el\lJIIl, no Ha
ieJIe norD ne )J,01\a 3 bIB aIOT .
!-\orJ\a fepaIw IIpu6I,IJI OTCIO)Ja B cTpany, na3blBaeMYIO
IIbIIIe Cm'IiPueH (3J\ecb ero 3aCTUrJIll 3UMa H MOpOS), TO, Ha-
THUYB IIa ce6H JII,BIUlYIO IlIHYPY, on 3acnYJI, a l\:Onll 1I3 ero
IWJJeCIU1bI, naCllIueCH B no BpeMH, 6bIJIU TaunCTBeHIlblM
06pa3o:11 rrOXlIllJ,ellI,I no 60rI,eCTBennoMY rrpeAon peJWJIe-
II nIO.
KorAa me fepaHJI IlpocnYJICH, on oTnpaBllJICH na IIOllCHll.
060iiiJ.H BCIO cTpany, on, naHoneI:(, Ilpu6bIJI B 3eMJIlO, KOTO-
pan na3bIBaeTCH fIlJIeH. 3,uecb on nallIeJI B neIIJ.epe HeHoe
CYIecTBo ABoHnOH npupoJ\bl: lIarrOJIOBlmy eXHAny, lIaIlOJIO-
BUllY J\eBY, KOTopaH BbIllie HrO)J,HI:( 6 bIJI 3 mellIIJ.HIIOH,
a lIume - 3MeeH.
Y BIIJ\eB ee H H3YMHBIlIIICI" fepaHJI CrrpOCHJI ee, ne BMJJ.e-
JIa JIl1 ona rJ\e-nH6YJ\I, 6POJ\HIIJ.HX KoneH. Olla me CHaa3JTa
CiIIY, 'ITO JIOllIaAII y nee U 'ITO ona I1X eMY ne OTJ];aCT, nOI\a
011 ne BCTymlT CHell B JIlO60BnYIO CBH3b. fepmw BCTYUIIJI
C Heii B CBH3I, 3a TaHYIO I:(eny.
Ona OTImaJ\bIBaJIa B03BpaIIJ.enHe IWlIell, meJIaH IWH MOH{-
110 J{OJILlUe rIUlTL B cynpymecTBe C repmwoM, a on XOTC.II,
IWJIylIMB o6paTlIO Honell, yJ];aJIIITLCH. HaHoneu;, ona, Bo:mpa-
TMB I\oneii, CIW3aJIa: "B: COxpanIlJIa J\JIH Te6H :3TI1X Iwnci-i,
3a6peJ];IllMx C£OAa, a Tbl AaJI HarpaAY - Be AI, Y MCIHI 01'
'rc6JI Tpl1 CbIHa. TLI Mne cHamu, 'ITO nymno J\eJIaTL C HMMH,
Iwr,ua onH CTallYT B3pOCJILIMIl,- nOCeJIl1:TL JIU HX 3,uCCb
(B 8TOH CTpmw R caMa rocrrOJ];cmyIO) IIJIII rrOCJIaTh I, Te6c?".
TaH BOT ona 06paTHJIaCL I, HeMY C TaKIIM BorrpOCOM, a on,
I\aI\ rOBopHT, na 8TO OTBeTI1JI: "KorJ\a TbI YBIIJ\UllIb, 'ITO Cbl-
HOELn B03Iv1ymaJIlI, TbI ne 01lI1l6ellIbcH, rrocTyrrlIB CJIeJ\YIOlI(IIM
06pa30i\l: I\aH YBllAIIlUb, '1TO KTO-TO II3 HHX naTHrlIBaCT 8TOT
nYI\ BOT Tm, 11 nOL(nOHChIBaeTCH IlOHCOM BOT TaImM 06pa3ml,
MMCUIIO ero cJ];eJIaii ifUITeJIeM 8TolI CTpanbI. Toro rIm, Ino ne
CMomeT BbIllOJIlIllTL TO, 'ITO H rrpHI{a3bIBaro, BblllIJIII II3 non
20

l1TpaJIr.I. IT OC-TYIIaR TCtI\, TM II car-ra OYJ(CIIIT, l1:0BO.TIJ,IIa, II BLI-
lIomUIllib MOll npI1I,a3".
BaTHHYB OP;IIH IJ3 JIYKOB (p;o Tex nop I'opm-:.n IlOCHn jtBa
JIyn:a) 1I OO'LJICIIIIB ynoTpe6.TIeHUe [[OHCa, OIl nepC;J:flJI .TIYI{ II
nOHC C 30.TIOTOri Tfarueii Y BepXlIero I,paH 3aCTenm II, OTJan,
Yl1:a.TIIIJICH. Olla l{e, Korl1:a pOl1:HDIIIIIeCH Y IIee J(eTJI B03MY-
maJIU, cIIa'JaJIa l1:a.TIa JIM IIlIfeHa: O)J;HOMY H3 IIIIX - Ararlmpc,
CJIel1:YIOIJJ,Cl\1Y - reJIOH II CKHiP - caMOMY M.TIal1:UIeMY. 3aTeM,
BCliOlllHIIB 0 IIaCTaB.TIeHHII, OHa BbIIIOJIHHJIa nprma3aHIIOO.
]II nOT l1:Boe ee p:eTeii - AraiPlIpc II reJ10H, IWTOpbIe He
C1\-IOrmI CHpaBUTLCH CO CTOHBUIeii nepep; HUMH 3ap;atJeii, YUIJIII
U3 CTpalIbI, I1:3rHaHHLIe pOp;IiTeJIbHIIIJ,On, a caMhIii lIlJIap;IIIIIii
H3 HIiX - CKHCp, BbIIIO.TIHI1:B Bce, OCTa.TICH B CTpalIe.
II OT CI{liiPa, CbIIla reparma, npOU30IIIJ1H HhIIlOUIHue IapIl
CKUiPOB. A 1I3-3a ::noH qaIITII CIH-liPbI II nOHhIHe HOCHT 'IaIITII
Ha IIOHcax. TOJIhKO .11'0 MaTh U IIpUP;Yl\1aJIa P;JIH CKI-riPa. TaR
paccKa3LIBaIOT rpeIm, mUBYlIJ,He Y fIOIlTa» (IV, 8-10).
TaKoBbI H3JIOmeHI-IbIe repOJ(OTOM )lBe JIOrerrJ(M 0 nporrc-
xomJ(omlu cImiPon. I{aK MhI BIIP;HM, OIIl1 cYU\eCTBeHno OT.TIH-
'JaIOTCR OP;I-Ia OT n;PyroiL IIpI-I ux TomWBanlHI cneJ:(uaJIHCTbI
BbICI,a3aJIH IIOMaJIO npOTlIllOpe'IHBbIX, B3aIIMOHCJ{.JIIO'JaIOlIJ,HX
lIlHeHIIii. JiI3JIaraTb aTB CHopUbIe I'J-IIIOTe3bI lIe BXOJ(HT n 1\1010
3ap;aqy. II pII meJIaHIIH (IHTaTOJII> MomeT 03IIaIWMIlTbCfI C
IIHMB B PHP;O CIIOJ:(HaJIbHbIX pa6OT: A. M. Xa3aHoBa,
g. C. PaeBcKoI'o, B. A. PhJ6arWBa II IPynIx y'IOHMX.
KpoJ\1o 8TlIX .TIeI'on)J, repoloT npHBO)l.lIT TaIm\C II J-ICTOplI-
'leCIure IIpO)l.alII1fl: «CYIIJ,eCTBycT H p;pyroii paCCI{a3 Tarwro
CO:lopmanna, IWTOPOMY fI oo.TIbllIe Bcero )l.OBCpmo. CIUI(I)bI-
1{O'If) Bnmm, mlIBYU.\He B A3III-I, BT,ITeCIIeUIIhIC BO BpeMH HOH-
JI!'I MaccarOT8M1I, YIlIJ!I-I, nopoii)lH per,y Apal{c, B HUMMepnii-
CI\YIO 30M.TIIO (HMonlIo ee Tcnopl, I-I lIaCeJIflIOT cInriPI,I, a B
I\JWBnOCTI1, [{al{ rOBopaT, ona nplma)l.JTe\a.JTa ImMMepHiiIJ,aM).
Ilpl.J IIameCTBlJH cIUlrlJOn IUIMMepHiiIJ,hI CTamr )l.epmaTb CO-
nOT, Tal, I\aU noiicIw IJacTYIJa.TIO 60JIhTlJOC, H lIfJ1CIJI1H Y HUX
pa3)\o.1I1IJIHCI>. 06e CTOpOIIhI 61,IJIH ynopIIhI, HO JIY'IUIIIM 6uJIO
IJpoJl.JTonWnHC I\apoii. Ilo MHeHIIJO l:IapOl\a, c.TIe)J,OBaJIO IIOKII-
rrYTI, cTpany, a lIe rroJlBepraThcH on8CIIOCTIJ, OCT8B8HCI> JIII-
IOl\r I, JIIIIY C MHOrO'IHCJlCnnMJII npaI'ol\J. A, no lIIJIeIIHIO I8-
poii, C.JTC1OBa.TIO CramaThcfI 3a cTpany C HTOpr3l0J1III\11ICH.
];I BapOn HO XOTOJI lIOJi,'IunnThCH, II I\apn no XOTeJIII 110-
c.lIyruaTI,CfI n8pOJl,8. IIopBMe COBOTOB8JITI yiiTH, oTp;an 603 OOH
cTparry InopraIOIlHMcH. U,apn me, no,rYlllaB 0 TOM, CIWJIhIW
xopomero OHIJ 3J1,OCh HCm,naJIH II CIW.'[ LIW nOC'laCTlIii no-
CTJurrOT nx, I1arnannLIX II3 OTCtJeCTB8, rOIlIII.JIll YMOPOTL H
IJOI\OHThCH II CBooii 30MJIO, no nc oemaTb HlIlCCTe C napO;J,OM.
21

Korp;a I!{e OIIII npIlIlHJIJI 3TO perneim:e, TO, pa3JJ;8,TIUBrnHCT,
na .!.BC paBIlbIe 'raCTII, CTaJIJI cpamaTbcn p;pyr C pyroI\[.
H ncex IlX, Ilorn6rnux OT pYlm .ITpyr p;pyra, lIapop; lUJMMe-
pniil1;eB nOXOpOlIlIJl y peIHI Tnpaca, II lOrIma ux enw II Te-
nepb BUp;lIa. IIOXOPOIIIIB HX, napoJ( TaIUBI 06pa3mI rrolUIIIy.TI
cTpauy, II C1miPb1, npH,'I,n, 3alIHmI 6e3JlIOp;lIYIO cTpaHY.
H Tenopb B CWHlmu eCTb KHnr8pIlj.iclure cTenb1, ccrb II
I{nDrepnf1Clme nepenpaBbI, eCTb If cTpana C I1a3naI-lnCM
Hmmepun, eCTb II BOCIlOp, IIMelIyeMb1fI RHmCpuiicI\Im.
OqeBl'Ip;HO TaRme, 'ITO KIIMMepUIIJJ;bI 6emaJU1 OT clmiPoB
B A3IIIO U aaCeJIUJUI nO,TIyocTPOB, na KoropOM Tenerb IIaxo-
p;uTcn 3JlJIlIlICKUll ropOJ( CHIIona. Hcno n TO, '11'0 CWHI)bI,
npCCJlep;yn UX, BToprmICT, B .i\1IIHiicKYIO 3eM,TIIO, COUBIliJICb
C nynr.
Be)\b ImJlIMepUll.u;M Bce BpeJlIH 6ema.TIII BJOJIL Mopn,
a CIUHIH>I npeCJlep;OnaJIII IIX, liMen IIO rrpanyIO PY1\y KaBT\a3,
)"(0 Tex nop, nOKa no BTOpr,TIIICI> B MII.!.uiicKYIO 3eMJr10, IIO-
nopUYB no lIOpore BO BnYTpOllIBIC 06.TIaCTII CTpanr>L BOT Tal{
US.TIarae1'cn wro 06II\oO )J.JIH BapnapoB II 3.TUIUnOn npGianITO»
(IV, 12).
IJ3Jlaran HCTOpII'IeCimO npo)\amm 0 npOlIcxomjOnnII CI{lI-
(POB, fepop;or nepoxop;nT K paccHaay 06 yP;IIBIIrO,TIbIIOii, ,TIe-
rorrJapnoi'r JIIP!I!OCTH. uro - p;ponnorpO'IOCIalij nO;:)T U Ilyre-
nreCTBeIIIIHI{ ApncToii, IWTOPMii II06bmaJl Jame B 3ellI,TIO HC-
cCJonOB, iII:HBIIIIIX J(aJlm\O sa CIUHlmeii, rr rrOCJle 3TOro Ha-
Hnca.1I CBOlO II3BeCTIIYIO n03MY «ApU1\WCnellm>, KOTopan,
1{ COJ(\a,TICnH10, )).0 lIac no p;OIIIJla.
Ja II 0 Ca1\IOM ApncTce !lIbl SHaei\! B OCIIOBHOM 6.Tfaro,u;ap::J
fOPO)\OTY.
Tho me lIIIIII8T 0 I1ellI (<OTer( IJCTopnu»? 06parlI.:\ICn It
IIcTo'rmmy: «ApncTeii, CbIlI KanCTp06un, Mym poJ(ml I13
II pOI\OIIHeca, CKaaaJI B CBOUX cTuxax, 'ITO, O,D:eprKII.:\lblii (I)e-
6mr, OIl ,o:oIIIeJI ,0:0 ncce,'oHoB, a 'ITO BblIIIe Hcce,'OIlon mnBYl'
01(I10r,TIaSLIC 1\IyaUI - aprI.:\IaCIIbI. Hag mum /RUBYT cTcpery-
I!J[C SO,TIOTO rpniPu, a BblIIIC arux - rUl1ep6open, lJ;OCTuraro-
I!J[e Mopn.
Hpo1\IC rUl1cp60pecB, Bce aTU IIJle1\ICIJa, Ha'H-man C apn-
lIlaClIOB, Bcorp;a uarrap;aJlU Ha cocep;efI. H RaR apUlIl3Cl1a:'1IH
JlhlTCCIIflIOTcn lI3 CTpanbl lICCeD:OHbl, raK nccen:OIlmm - CI\H-
(In,!. HmIlIwpniil1;br /Re, 06lITaBIIIIIe y IOmnoro 1fOpn, llO,".{ na-
TI1CI\OM Crm(pOB nOKUI-IYJlIl crpaHY. TamIM 06pa3ml II Apll-
cTcii He corJIanIaeTCH CO CKIICpa!\1lI B OTHOlIIeHIIlI aTOll CTpa-
JIbI...» (IV, 13).
[lCIwTopLre nCC.TIe;XOBareJIIJ CTaBIIJIII nOD: COMlleIIIIe pea.T!L-
nOCTL cyrn.OCTBOBaHlIn ApIICTCH, lIO 60JILlIIlIHCTBO y'I8IlbIX
22

BnOJInO OOOCHOBannO CIJUTaIOT, '11'0 on ;r.:eIICTBIITCm,UO cyu1;e-
CTBOBa.1J H coneplmm UY1'ellIeCTBue R ncce,[(ona!\I.
ROfja me 8TOT CTpaHCTBYIOIIWii non n06bma.IT B Tex ;,1;a-
JIeJUJX 3e!lI.TIHX? CYJJ;H no J(aIIHbIM fepO.:\OTa, :31'0 6bIJIO ne
n03J(Hee lIa'IaJIa VII B. J(O II. 3. Bo Bpe!\JH CBoero nYTemec1'-
BUH ApnC1'eii COopaJI, lIaJ(O rrOJIaraTb, IIe!lWJIO IIIITepeCHhIX
CBe;a;eH11ii 0 1I1:1I311II IW'IeBHUI\OB, UX IICTopnlI, 06hI'IaHX, upa-
Bax II 1'. I1;. tIacTb 3TIIX eHubIX na6.rrIO.:\OUIIH O'IeBII,cJ;a nc-
no.ITh30na.TI fepo;a;OT.
OTIIOCH1'eJIbHO IICTOplIH ClmcplIlI ApnCTei1: rrepe;J;aeT nep-
CHm, no IWTopoij CIUI(I)J,I ne 6bIJIII RopeIIHbIMII mIITeJIHMII ce-
lJOpOH)HPlOpnOMopCIUlX CTonen, a npumJIU CIO):(a, BbITecneu-
UhJe Hcce.riOIIaMU, H B CBOIO O'lOpeAb II3fIIaJIU C DTOii 3e!IIJIl1
IUIM!lIO[miil1;oB.
Tat, paccIw3LmaIOT JIereHJ(bJ. 1-\aR me pemafOT 31'01' 130-
upOC IIcc.neAonaTemI? MueHHH cneqnaJIHCTOB Ha 31'01' C'IOT
TaInIW pa3):(eJIlWHCI,. Borrpoc 0 rrpOHCXO}ll:):(emm cIUHlJOB-
O):(lIa II3 Y3.TJOBI,IX rrpOOJIeM COBp01\-leHHoll clmqJOJIOruII.
Ha rrpOnrmOlII1I1 Mllorux ):(eCHTI1JIeTflii 31'a TCMa 6bTJIa II OCTa-
eTCH B I1;OIl1'pO BHUMaHIUl Hpyrmell:mHX cneI-Ia.rruC1'OB.
J'vInomocTBO pa3J£JPIITbIX IImOnlIH yqenbIX cnOAUTCH B OC-
HOBHOM II: ABYl\I rnnOTe33M. COrJIaCHO nepBOH, clmq)CRaH
II:YJILTypa CcpOpl\UIpOBa.rraCb Ha MeCTnoii, ceBeporrpU'ICpHOMOp-
CRoii ocuone. ITo BTOpOH rnn01'e3e, ClUlcpbI npum.rrII n CeBep-
Hoe IIpll'lOpnOMOpbe 113 r.rry6IIIJ A3III-L 06e TO'lIm 3peIlI'lH
UMeIOT II CHJILUblO, II c.rra6hIe CTOpOHbI. Ho rrpem;a;e '1eM no-
rrbITaTLCH ,[(aBaTb rrM I\aHYIO-JIl160 oeUHY, 03UaIWMI-IMCH C
rrCI\OTopLIMJI nanOOJIee pacrrpOCTpaneUHbl!lUl 3aII:JIIO'leIUIHMII
BIIAHJ,IX crreql1aJIIICTOB rro 3TOH rrp06.rreMe.
H3npnMep, J'vI, M. ApTaMonoB pncyoT TaIl:Yro IWpTI-IIIY:
«!\10/l\IJO IJpH3Ua1'h, 'ITO HCTOpUqeCHrre cHrrcpbI BeAYT CEoe
rrpolTcxOJW,'I,eJIue 01' IIapO,f\a cpy6noH II:YJIL1'ypbI, B nOCJIeAIWii
'peTn II 1'bIC. ,f\o II. 3. Bf,ITOCIIHBUIero H3 Cenepnoro IIprrqep-
IJOMOpLH 60.rrbmYIO 'JaCTJ> OTOnl:,f\eCTBJIHeMOrO C IHIMMepuiiqa-
Mil napOJl:a C I\aTaI-\O!Il6nOH Il:y.rrhTypoii. ::ha 3arraAI-IaH qaCTb
100l\1MepIIiieB yuma 33 lynaii n HaprraTLI II 'Iepe3 BaJIHan-
clmii rro.rryocTpoB B!IleCTe C qJpaluriiaMn BTOprJIaCb B J'vIaJJYro
AmBo. OCTaBmaflcH B A30Bo-I{acmJIICTHnI MemAYl\lopbe HOC-
TO'I1IaH 'raCTb HJI!lIJ\Iepnj;'IeB B Te'lenne IWCIWJIbHUX CTO.rreTl1 j.i
cocymec1'BOBaJIa B coCe,f\CTBe C npancI\Oii Cpy6HOii I\y.rrr>ry-
poii II 3a 31'0 BpOl\Hf, HaIl: n rroc.rre):(HHH, YTpaTlIJIa MIIorne 113
CROUX npnHnaI\On, a HaTeM, n VIII n. Jl:0 II. 3., rropece.rrn.rraCb,
Hail: II eo 3ana,f\HbJe con.rreMOHnmm, B !\1a,rryIO A3lJIO, no yme
lIe no 3anaJl:HoMy, a rro nOCTOqnOl\ry 6epery qepnoro l\1OI'm>
[7, c. 23].
23

Ho \fHOrOM flIH\.JlOflPIlIyro CXeMY L(aeT B. H. rpan:on:
{<3Ta J,YJILTypa y apXeOJIOrOn C,TIblBeT no nepBOMY II3 MOrn,TIL-
JIblX coopymenlIM TO lIon [IIeIIeI Cpy6HOll, TO nOL( HMelIeM
cpy6no-XnaJIMHCHOM, 01' ropoJa XBa,TILIIIcn:a 1Ia Bo,nro,
no MOCTY 06HapYHeHIUI ee n03J\Hei1llIeii cTynelIII pa3BHTHH.
CKOTOBOL(LI I 3eNIJIeL(e.TILILI, ClTH n,TIeMena ;:meprnlfHO nbIXO-
J\lIJIII 3a IIpeJ\em-,I cnoei:'J POJ\HHbl II no BTOpOM "XBa,TII,IlICIWM
rrepnoJ\e", 3a J\na-TpH nOCJIeJ\1IHe Bel{a II TbICH'Ie,TIeTIIH JO II. CI.
npommaJII1: lJame 3a IUDIUlee TelfeHlfe Anenpa If Byra. I-Ia
CBoeM nYTII OIIH BCTpeTH,TIn "KaTaIWM6nyIO" KYJIhTYPY. Ona
lJa3Bana TaH IIOTOMY, '11'0 JJ;JIH nee 06LJ l lII0 ObIJIO ImaCTI, no-
rpe6eHJIbIX B CIIelIaJILlIbIe rrOJJ;3e:\HlbJe KaIepLI, 1'. O. rremep-
HI1:, 'JaCTO na3bIBaeMLIe y apxeO,TIOrOB I\flTaKOM68MH. ECJIlI
I\HMMepHfIIbl yme C,TIOIIH1:JIHCL BO II TLICHlfeJIOTHH, TO ux
nepBOJIa'JaJII,lIaH I\YJILTypa - I,aTaHo?'16n8H. Y l1JIe:\IeH ImTa-
HOM61I0ii I{YJILTypbl B I\OHIe HX cymecTBoBanlIH lIeMaJIO
rroJ\pamanHii Cpy61I0i1 B ImpaMHHe £I B neHOTopLIX Yl-lpallIe-
HlIHX. OJ\lIaHO IIJIeMelIa cpy6noii KYJIbTypbl (HBnbIO npeJJ;IUI
CIUliPOB)... 3aTeM nalfUCTO BbITeCnUJIII HaTaHOM6nYlo.
CmHpLI CTaJIlI cloJ\a npommaTb, Hal, Mbl BHJJ;eJIH, O'IeHI,
pano, eme BO II TbIC. llO II. 8. YnpOlfHJIllCb 01I1I 3J\eCb C IX B.
L(O n. 8. OlllIalW 1I3 06mei1 MaCCbl Bemeii na'IaJIa I TblC.
J\O n. 8. neJIb3H BbllleJIlITb npeJJ;MeTbl, HOTopble 6bI II03BOJIll-
JIll pa3JJ;eJIllTL L(Be 060c06JIenlIhIe KYJIbTYpI,I. CJIeJ\OBaTeJILI-IO,
rrepBble CHlliPcHlIe naCeJILIIHHH no MaTepnaJIbnoiir HY,TIbType
MaJIO OTJIlIlfaJIHCb HJIH COBceM lIe OTJIH'1aJIHCI, 01' TY3eMIJ;eB.
COBepllIenno Hnalfe BblfJIHJJ;HT HYJIbTypa CTerreII C KOIH(a
VII B. C 8Toro BpeMenH BCH CTerrL 3anHTa oJ\nopoJJ;Hoii, JIHllIL
rreMnOfO OTJIIIlfaIOmeMCH B OTJJ;eJIbnbiX MeCTIIOCTHX, I{Y,TIbTY-
pOM, IWTopaH no [[paBY npeMelIH II MeCTa lIe MomeT 6blTb
Ha3Bana HlIalfe lfeM cmliPcKoii (pHC. 2). Ee IIOHBJIenlie 01'-
'IeTJIlmo CBH3ano C OI{OnlfaTeJIbnblM YTBepmJ\elIHeM l\OlfOBI,IX
ClUIiPOB B fIpHlfepnoMopbe nOCJIe 616 f. Ho £I B neM IIPII
DceM npe06JIaJ\alI1I1I nOBblX 'lepT B pHJ\e 0PYllUII, oc06enJIo
B (IJOpMax nocy J\bl, CIm03HT nepemHTO'I1ILle 8JIeMenTbl HY JIL-
TYPbl XII-XIII BB. JJ;O n. 8., T. e. JJ;OCHUiPCHOro 6blTa.
fIepeJJ;BIDHelme KO'-I6BbIX CHHiPOB H3-3a Apal\ca- BOJInI
B IWHe VII B. npOllI,TIO nOlfTU ne3aMeTno apxeO,TIOnI'leCIUI
HMenno H3-3a e):(HHo06pa3I1:H HYJIbTypbI H RIBIMepnIII(eB,
n 3eMJIeJJ;em"IeCHHX, H KO'leBbIX CHHiPOB. TOJIbHO na'nIlIaH C
J{OHTa VII B. BO Bcex lfeplIo:.wpCHliX II npIlRaCIIIliicI{HX CTe-
nHX CTaJUI BblL(eJIHTbCH IIorpe6eIlIIH Bca):(lIImOB-BOHIIOB.
rrpOIHO 060ClIOBaBllIIICb C I\OIIIJ;a VII B. JJ;O H. 8. B cene-
ponpnlfeplIOMopcmlX CTenHX, J{OlfeBbIe CHII(Pbl rrOCTeneIllIO
06pa30BaJIH 3JJ;eCb lIlOmnoe rOCYJJ;apCTBO II CJIyrHlIJIII npOBO;(-
2&

1) U c. 2. H306pau,cullc clml}JOD uo BopoHemCKoAI cepe6p1lIlOM cocYAe
IlHI\aMH TonapOH U3 rpe'IeCKUX ropOOB n06epembH n £'.JIy6u-
uy CTpaHbI. 13JIlUHme UX !l1aTepna,TIbHOII I{YJIbTypbI CI\a3Lma-
eTCH n Ha 3alIaJe BO cDpaKHH, U Ha HHHmeM Te'IemIU J-(yuaH,
11 Ha cenepe o MOJIAaHMH n 3arraHoII YI{paHHbI, re mUJIl-I
llJIeMCHa araqJMpCOB If 'IaCTb HeBpon. C HTopmenIleM capi\la-
-TOB B III B. KOlflIaeTCH CKIl<pcKaH ::moxa» [22, c. 25-2G].
CymecTBenIlLIM o6pa30M 01' U3,TIOmem-IbIX n3r,TIHOB OTJUI-
qaIOTCH BbIBOJ\bI A. 11. Tepenommma. OIl BbI,!J;eJIHJI MemJ(Y
cpy6noM I{YJIbTypOll H CKH<pCIWll eme OHY - KYJIWYPY TllIla
qepIIOropoBcKO-HoBO'IePI\accKoro KJIaa, IWTopaH IIpecTaB-
,TIeHa BYMH nOCJIeOBaTeJILIIbIMH HC1'OpH'IeCKInm ::n3na!v1H:
'IepHOrOpoBcKHM - 900-750 rr. o H. 9. 11 HonO'IepKaCCIUIl\I -
750-650 rr. o n. 9. :::hy I{YJIL1'YPY Y'Ienbli1: O1'OII\}(CCTBlI.:I
C lIC1'opWleCKI1MU I\lIMMepHiiU;a!lllI.
AnamI3HpYH HMOIOIu;I1eCH naMHTHHKU, A. H. TepeHOIIO\Hn
npI111IeJI I{ BbIB O,!J;Y, '11'0 I\YJIL1'ypa TFIn3 qepIloropOBCH:O-Ho-
BO'IepKaCClwro Ima,!J;a, T. e. KHMMepUMCI\aH, ne Tpanc(I)OpMH-
Pye1'cH B peBlIoti[JJYIO CIU'[(PCI{Yro KYJIhTYPY, a TIHCTO Mcxa-
IlIl'ieCI\I1 6hIJIa BbITOCHena em. A caMa cKIHIJcKaH I{YJILTypa
25

C-lI)OlnIlI]WnaJIaCb, ITO ero !llIIeUHIO, 3aJ(OJlro lW VII B. AO IT, 3.
n [\elfTpa.TIbHOii A3un [107].
H_aiI\J(aH H3 3TI1:X OCHOllHbIX TOlJeT{ 3peHIlH l1l\IeeT CBOHX
CTOIWHIIIYKOB H npOTIIBHIUWB, I\OTOphte B TOM If,TIIl IICCIWJII>IW
IIIIOl\1 mlp:e BbICI\a3bIBaIOT CBOH y6em;(eIIlIH.
B nOCJIep:uee npeMH rrp06JIel\la UPOUCXOiI\p:emIH CIHllIJon
CTaJIa peIllaTbCH C,TIomuee. B pe3YJIhT3Te OTI\pbITUH B Tyne
n;apCIwro Kypraua ApmaH, OTHOCHmerOCH K paUHOCH:JI(f>CI\OMY
BpeMeuu, M. n. fpH3HOB Bblp:BIWY,TI U,'J,OIO 0 II03aBIICIDIOM II
CallIOCTOHTOJIbHOM pa3BlJTIIH na llleCTHOii ocnOBe ne TO,TIhIW
CI{Ifq)CIWii KYJIbTypbl, ITO II ,!J;pyrux pOlCTBeIUII,IX eii HY,TIbTYP
Enpa3llII. 81'01' BapnaUT rlIITOTe3bl nOJIY'IIlJI lTa3BanUe nO.TJ:H-
1(enTpn'IeCI\O:f1 TeopHIf npOHcxomp:eIIIUI CIW!f>OB.
B. 10. Myp3IIH, aHaJIlI3UpYH CYlIeCTBYIOmHe TeOp1111 rrpo-
IICXOfEp,OIIHH cIm!f>oB, ITblTaeTCH HaiiTH B nllx 0611(ee paIno-
llaJIHIOO 3epHO. OH OTl\W'raeT, 'ITO B CTOJIh HeCXOlfHIX ua
rropBblii B3rJIHJJ; rr03I1I(I1HX B. H. fpaKoBa II A. H. Topenom-
mIlIa IBlOeTCH orrpe)WJIeHHOe ep:IIUCTBO: rrepBblii 113 uTIlX
Y'IeHbIX }J;orrYCI\aJI Y1JaCTUe orrpep:O,TIeHHOrO UpHIll,TIOrO 1\0111-
rrOUOHTa (<<clm!f>oB-I(apCKIIX)}) B OI\OH'laTe,TIhUOl\1 (IJOpMupoBa-
HUll Clm!f>cKlu IT,TI e!II ell. a BTOpoii: - mlIwr;J;a ne OTpmWJI
npUCYTCTBI1:H B CH:U!f>CIWM UTIIoce HeIWTOpoii 'laCTH MeCTI-IOrO
HOCIII!f>clwro naCe,TIeIUlH.
ITo MHeHIUO B. IO. MYP3I1na, TO'II\H 3peIIIIH B. H. fpa-
IWBa, M. 11. ApTaMOHOBa H A. 11. Tepenommma ITa fOne3UC
CI\Hq)cI\Oii KYJIbTypbl (w6'beI\TI1:BHO COOTBeTCTBYIOT xapaI\Tepy
IIporwcca !f>opMlIpoBaHHH CInI!f>cHoro STlIOCa Ha OCllOBe MeCT-
Horo II ITpHIllJIoro ITaCeJIeHHH B YCJIOBHHX ITepep:Hoa3uaTcKlIx
ITOXO;:J:OB, HrpaBIllHx pOJIh KaTaJIH3aTOpa B «06'bep:HllIne,TlbH01>1
npoeCce)} [9, c. 14].
,1J,a.rree B. 10. MYPSIIH rrpnxop:I-IT K c,Tlep:ymmI1!II BbIBOAa!lI:
«EcJII1: ITOp:XOp:HTb K paccMaTpHBae!llOll rrp06,TleMe C <)TOll 1'0'1-
1m 3peIIIUI, TO CTaHOBI1:TCH rrOHHTHbIM, <[TO rOBopHTb 0 CIUI-
qJ<.\X n clm!f>cH:oii KY,TlbType lOamo ne panee VII B. ,[(0 H. S.,
1l0CIWJILI{y TOJIbl.O B VII B. ,10 H. 8. BCTymmu BO B3aH!l1O-
.f\ciicTBIIe COCTaBHble 8JIeMeHTbl 6YP:YIIeI'0 CI-mq)CKOrO 8THoca
J1 Ila'IaJIOCb q)()plHpOBaIIue COOTBeTCTBYIOIIWii: OIl KYJIbTyphI.
BhrJICUelUJe yp:em,uoro Beca I{amp:oro U3 }J;BYX p:aIIHblx 8TIIlI-
'leCIUIX 8JIellIeHTOB I\pai-'me saTpYAHeHO. Ep:uHCTBeIIIlbIII CITO-
coG, JWTOpbIll rrpn 8TOM MmlUIO ITpIIMeHIlTb,- apxeoJIorIpw-
n:I-!ii. MUhlMlJ CJIOBaMH, BJ,lHCHIITb, rrYCTb J(ame rrpu6mI;m-
'TCJIbUO, ImI\ !f>opMIIpOBaJICH cKll!f>cKnj.i 8THOC, MomHO TOJIbIW
IIOCJIe BMHCHeUHH rrYTe:f1 (I)OpMIIpOBaIIIlH Clm!f>cKoii I{YJIbTY-
ph' II orrpep:eJIeIHIH yp:eJIbHoro Beca pa3JIII1JUbIX no rrpOHcxmK-
)1emHO ee IWMrroneUTOB.
2£i

B nOCJIe):(Hee BpCll.IIT BIIYTPH CI\IHllCIWii: I\YJII,TypM YII-
VI DB. ):(0 1-1. S. IIa!lIe'lCIIbI TPII pa3J1IPlIILIe 110 npOlICSomj\e-
JIHIO rpynnLI TaJ<I1:X RQ;\IIIOIIcnTOB: rrepeJUICa3IIaTcIHUI, ICCT-
HaH II BOCTO'InaH (IJ;cHTpa:ILIIoa3naTcl\iUI)) [9, c. 14].
Ran ;\ILl BM):(IUI!, B. 10. MYP3HH CTapaCTCH B onpc,'\e.:lCu-
noi:i: lIIepe cor.TlaCOnaTL TeoprrIO 0 MCCTHo:.! rrpolIcsolIqemm
Cla1:iPOB «<aBTOXTOHI-IYIO») H TeopHIO 06 IIX rrepe1\IellJ,CmIH B
CeBepl-lOe ITpIPJeprr0:l1OpLe rI3 A3IIII «{Tpa):(I1IJ;UOIIIIYIO»). Ta-
I\OM no;::t;xo,rJ; 1\ H3Y'ICHUIO apXeOJIOfUqeCKIIX Ha:\IHTHHI\OB, 1\0-
IIe'mo, rrpaBHJILHLlii, no OH He OXBaTLIBaeT ncero I\pyra BO-
UpOCOB sToii: CJIOHnIoii rrp06JIeJ\1bI.
COBceM Hep;aBHO JC C. PaeBCI\IIii: rrOCBHTIIJI pacowTpu-
Bael\IOM TeMe CrreI\lIaJILlIOe nCCJIe;::t;OBamre. BceCTopOIlIICC II3Y-
'Iemie rrHCbMenHLIX H apxeo.TlorUqeCRIfX ,naHIILIx rrO:1BOJII1JIO
yqenoMY rrpUHTII R OqenL Ba,mlbIM II IIIITepOCIIl>IM n bIn 0-
):(aM.
Ou COBepllIenno rrpaBIIJIbnO OTMeqaeT rrpOTHBOpe'IUBOCTb
II TeH):(eHIJ;H03HOCTL I!3JJOll,eUl-lbIX fepO):(OTOl\! rrpe):(amIii:, npo-
TlInorrOCTaBJIHlOmrrX RHl\IlI1epHIIIJ;eB II cRIHlJOB, '11'0 rrJIOXO co-
r.TlacyeTcH C apxeoJIOrU'IeCIU!MH ):(aHl-lbl!l1lI.
)J,aJIeo nCC.Tle):(OBaT8JIb 06pamaeT BHHl\faIlITe I-Ia MIIOr03rraQ-
nOCTL (HepapXn'InOcTb) rronHTHH «CHIHIJbI» B anTIPmoii: Tpa-
):(HI\TIII. OIl Bbl;J:e.TlHeT «CHUiPOB rropBoro rropH):(IW» (C06CTI!CII-
no CHUiPcKfIe IIJIeMena, HOTOpbIe rro fepo;::t;oTY (IV, 11)
rrpHill.Tlil B CeBeprroe ITpnqepnOMOpbe C BOCTOIW II qT,e 11 a-
3Banue pacrrpoCTpanMJIOCb IT na ):(pyrHx 06I!TaTeJIeii rrplI'H'p-
nOl\lOpCIUIX CTeneii) H «ClmiPoB BToporo rropH,[(lm» (TO Cal\Ibre
npIPICpnOMopCIme rrJIeJl1Cna, 1\0TOpble TaJ,iKe CTaJIH na3LIBaTL-
CH cKucI)a:uII).
IIpOaIIaJII:I3IIpOBan BeCL 1\0!l1nJIeHC lIJlIOIOIu;IIXCH ):(aHIIUX,
J(. C. PaeBCKuii npnille.TI I, CJIei1;YIOIu;eMY 3aJ,JIIOQeIIIiiO:
"CI-aIiPcItaH I\y.TlLTypa ITpn'repHOl\IOpbH B Tpa):(UIJ;HOIIHQ;\1 ee
.'h "
nOIIHJ\1aIIIII-I - 91'0 I\YJIbTypa "CHH'}'OB BToporo rrOpH)UW.
B ec c.Tlomemm 3al\!eTnyIO pOJIb CLIrpaJIIr JlIeCTnbIC "rrpo;J;-
I "
emH)Clme Tpa):(IIIJ;ITII, a 3aTel\I H ):(peBneBOC-TO'IHble 9.Tler.reIITI>I,
DocnpUIIHTLIC B ClIIOXY CI>IHpCI\I-IX (II HIIMMepIIi-icHIU) rrOXO:(OB
n l[epe):(HloIo A3IHO. ITosTmIY rrpn IICCJIeJJ;OBamm HYJILTypnoi-i
HCTOpTIU ee nOCIITe.Tlell: rrpOTIIBOIIOCTaBJIeHHe clwiPon II IOIM-
Mopuii:IJ;CB, xapaHTepnoe ):(.TlH coxpaneHIlOii fepo):(oTol\l Tpa;II-
qnn II rropom):(enHoe iPOJILI\JIOpnOli nepclIeii: paCCIta3a 06
HCTOpnQeCImX cYb6ax "cRniPoB nopBoro IIopH):(l\a", JlI.IIIIaeTC-H
pCaJILIIOrO CMbIC.Tla. ITepexo):( B ITpH'IepnOl\IOpbe 01' "ImJlDle-
[JuiicHOii" 3nOXH l\ "cHIriPcHoii" 6bIJI 03Ha!l1enOBalI ne KOpCII-
III>Il\I IiJ3MeHCHITC!lI 3THI-FIeCHOro COCTaBa naCO.TleImH pernona,
a TpanciPopMa:IJ;ueii: II pacnpOCTpaneHUeJl! I\OHRpeTIIoro II.'lC-
21

MOIIHoro HaSBamUI JIa IlHIpomIii I\pyr 06I1TaTC,TIeii ccnepOIlOU-
'fniicIUlX aCl\IeJIb» [43, II. II, c. 56-57].
J3I>IBO;J:I>I D;. C. PaeBclwro 06'bHCHHIOT u;e,TIblii PH;!; cyr.qeCT-
BeIIJIbIX npO'flIBopeludi: B llIICbMeIIHbIX I1CTO'IIUIKaX, nO-HOBO-
!IIY ocncr.qaIOT paCCMaTpImaeMYIO np06.lf8MY Ii JJ;PYfue cnH3aH-
IIbJe C IIeii BOIIPOCI,I.
TaROBbI OCI-IOBIIbJe TO'IInI apeHIIH ncc.TIeJJ;OBaTeJIeii 0 npo-
llCXOmeHIIl1 CKUcpOB II CRUCKOM I(Y,TIbTypbI. KaH MbI BlIJJ;UM,
BJJ;eCL er.qe l\moro crropIlbIX MOMeI-lTOB, MIIoro IIpO'flIBOpeqUM,
neHCHOCTen: II pacxon,eIIuiI.
Ho B perueI-IIIII ::non: rrp06,TIeMbI lIal\leTII.TICH nepeJIOM,
rraMJJ;eHbI HOBbIe rrYTII U3Y'IeHUH Bcero IW:'III,TIeIiCa IIMeIOIqIIX-
cn rrIICI,MeIUIbIX H apXeO,TIOfII'IeCKUX UCTO'IIIUIWB. Tarwn: nOJJ;-
KOJJ; J(ae'f OCHOBannH HaJJ;eHTbCH, lITO 3TH JJ:aBIIIle Tan:UbI, CBH-
3aUIIbIe c rrpOIIcxomJJ;CHueM H pauneii IICTOpl:IeM CI\IiOB,
6YJJ;YT OIWH'IaTeJIbHO pa3ra)J.aHbI.
B 3aI\JIIO'ICmIe He,TIb3H ue IwcnYTbCH norrpoca 0 upacJIa-
IHInCI\UX IIJIeMen3X BpeMen fepo)J.oToBOii CI\H(ImlI. J-t8I\IIe
JlJTCMeIIa M01IUIO CtIHTaTl, np8CJIaIHIIICIUIMU? J3XOJJ;II.TIII JIll OIUI
n CJ\JHlnHo? J{m\ COOTUOCIIJIHCI, B 3TIIOI\Y JlbTypUOM rrJI8He
npaCJT8nHHClnre II clmcpclnre UJTeMena? ::hn H APyrne CBH3arr-
IIMe C IIUMH IIpOOJJeMbI, 6eccIIopIIO, IIlITepecYIOT Iwa,)J.oro 113
naco
HeJJ;8nno 3'1'a C,TIOmII8H TeMa OblJIa paccMoTpclla
B. A. PbI681WBbI!ll. MCCJIeOBaTeJII, npHBJlCI\ orpoMIILIn: HCTO-
pmw-reorpa(ImqeCI\Hn: II apXeOJIOrIPJeCIUIii M8TepnaJI, IIJU-
pOIW pa3HBlIIIYJT XpOIIOJIOrUqeclme II TeppuTopnam,uhIe rpa-
ImU;bl, TIIWTeJlbIIO IIpOaHaJTH3UpOBa,TI nCCl> IWMIIJleI,C pa3-
IIo06pa3IIhix lICTOtIIlIIIWB II npumen 1\ namIIbIl\! u I\parIllO
JII-lTepeCIIhIM BhIBOJJ;aM. 03IIaIWMf'I!l-fCH C TeHI 381\JJlOqenUH-
lillI, J\oTOpbJe nenocpel(cTBerrIIO CmHJaJIhI C paccMaTImBaeMoii
B.'J:ecb TeMoii. ¥tIeHbIH pncyeT c.TIeJJ;YIOIlYIO IWpTImy:
«R I\OIIIY 6poII30Boro nerm, I\ IX-VIII BB. }..(o II. ;)"
;!anal(llaH nOJIOnIUm 06uJIIpnoro IIpaCJIanHIIClwro I\HJpa OKa-
3,waCb BTHHYTO}1 H ceJ)epy JTynnIQIwu (n:eJlbTcJ\OH?) I\!YJfbTY-
phI, a BOCTOTIllaH IroJTOBHna corrplmaCaJT8Cb C JUBIMcpIIHqa-
I\!!! (npamwrvm?), npoTlIB060pCTBYH HM, no 130CnpJUmMan
IIPIWTOPhlC :mCM,CIlTJ.I nx J\YJIbTypbI.
K 3TOMY npeMcUH OTHOCIITCH yHBHTeJlbUOe COBlJaJJ;elIIle
IHHl(IHIrypalfm JJ:BYX apeaJIOB: no-rrepBhIX, '1epHOJteCCJ\OII
I\!ym,Typhl X-VII I BB. ]1:0 II. 3. II, BO-BTOpbIX, naIIOOJIee ap-
xauTIIIoii nmpomnnnm, TITO ne OCTanJIHeT COMIIenUH B upa-
C.1faBHIICIW:\1 xapa I\Tepc TJepnOJIeCcI\Ou I\Y,rIhTYPbI CpcJJ;uero
IloHlIenpoBhn.
BepoHTIIce ncero, TITO nJWCJIalJJ1ne 'WpHOJJeCCIWI'O BpeIe-
28

nu, BT,IIIym:p;errHbIO OTpamaTL nae3J(bI IW'ICnLIX InTMM:epni-i-
Jen, He TOJJbIW lIaY'IIJ.'IHCb IWBaTb fI\eJIC31IOe OPyanw H
CTpOMTb MorY'HIe KpenOCTlt Ha IOII>IIOM rpanlIl\8, no II C03p,a-
.:III COI03 neCKOJJbKIIX WleMell Memp;y AnenpoJ\1 II ByroM,
IIO,TIY'lMBIIlHM lIa3naIIUe "CKO,TIOTOB". Ha3naHI1e 81'0 p;onumo
L\O cepep;IUlbI V B. p,o II. a., l\Orp;a fepOP;OT 3aqJI!I\CIIpOnaJJ ero
Hal{ CaMOIIa3naIHW pHp;a 3e1>Wep;eJIb'leClmX rrJIeMeH ,TIC CO-
CTenIIoro ITOJJ;IIenpOBbH. COI03 CKOJIOTOB Mor ne OXBaTblBaTh
Bcex npaCJI3nHHCI\IIX nJIeMeH BOCTO'InOll II O,TI OB II II bI CJIaBHH-
CTBa.
CMeHa liI1MMepHi'Il\eB CIUI<paMU B VII B. P;O n. <J. II pune-
Jla, O'ICBHp;no, H TOMY, '11'0 CKO,TIOTCIUIi'J n,TIeMeHIIOi1: COJ03 BO,.
IIle,TI lJ 06llIHPHYIO <pep;epal\lIIO, YCJIOBHO lIa3bIB3BlUYIOCH
CIUI<pl:Iei'I. Op;I1aKO npaCJIaBflIIe-CKOJIOTbJ, Hap;o nO,TIaraTL, CO-
XpaI-IHJIH onpep;eJIeHHYIO aBTOIIOMHIO: IOnUIaH CHCTeMa I{peno-
CTeM, 3arn:UlI(anIIlHX 01' IW'IeBHUKOB, nOp,HOBllJIaCI" 6bVIH
B03.[{BHTHYTbJ H HOBbIe KpenOCTI1. IT paC.TIaBflIIC-.[{nenpHllO
(60pUC<peHUTbI) llMeJ!H CBOM OC06bli'I MOpCIWM HOpT, 1I0CJlB-
IIluii l:IX UMH (MH,TIeTCImH O.TILBliH), nYTL I{ IWTOPOMY .Ile-
JImJI B CTopOlIe 01' aeMJIU l\apCKUX CI\H<pon. 11 B TO me npeMH
ne nop,JIenun COMlJeIIUIO CH,TIbHOe cparn:llBaHue np3CJIaBfIIl-
CHOM I{Y,TILTypbl CO CI\H<pCKOH, BOCIIpUHTl:Ie CJI3BHIICIWM 3U3-
TbIO Bcex OCHOBHbIX 8JIeMeHTOB CKU<pClWM BCap;UH'IeCIWii
I{Y,TIbTypbI (opynme, C6PYH, 3BepuHbli'I CTllJIL) H B ImlwM-To
Mepe, MOIKeT 6bITb, p,ame H3bIKa» [95, c. 226-227].
KOHl\eIIl\HH H3JI07KeHa HCHO II BIIOJIHe y6ep,HTeJILIIo. lIe
Bce ee nO,TIOmenUH 6ecCnOpHbI. HeHOTOpbIe H3 llUX yme cei-i-
'Jac Tpe6YloT HoppelnupoBHu, nanpHMep B CBH3U C pe3y.rIL-
1'aTaMH HOBei'IIIlux HCCJJep;oBaHHi'I np06JIeMbI 8TIIOHYJILTYP-
IIbIX OTIloIIleHHi'I IUIMMepl:Ii'Il\eB H CHH<pOB. Ho B l\e,TIOM npe!{"-
JJWI,eIIHaH B. A. PbI63I\OBbIM cxeMa cepbe3HbIX B03pameullii
.ne BbI3hIBaeT. LJacTI, 3eMJIeJJ:eJIb'IeCKI1X nJIeMeII JleCOCTeUIlof,
CIUI<pIIH - npaCJIaBJIHe, T. e. HallIII npep;KU.
LITO me npep,CTanJIHeT C060M TeppUTOpl:IH CHH<pI1If? Xa-
palnepH3YH ee, fepop,oT OTMeqaeT: «;:ha CTpaIIa He IIMeeT
IUI'IerO 3aMeqaTeJIbHOrO, 3a HCHJIIO'IeIIUeM peI{ BeJIl1'I3i'IIIIHX
H MHorO'IHc,rreHIlbIX. 0 TOM, 'ITO IIpep,CTan,TIHe1'CH p,OCTOMIIhlM
YLUIBJIeHIfH, nOMIIMO pel{ II 06IIlUpHOCTH paBIII11IbI, 6Yil.er
paCCKa3anO» (IV, 82).
Pel{l:I CKH<pIIH - fJIaBIIaH ee JJ:OCTOIIpIIMeqaTeJIbIIOCTh.
11 fepoJJ:oT yp;eJIHeT HM oco60e BHHMaHHe, onHCblBaCT ,D.O-
BO,TIbHO IIoJJ:po6IIO, l{paCo'mo II Kpai'me IUITepeCHO. PemI
C,TIymaT eMY OCBOBOM npn 01II1caIIHH CIU:I<pI1H, flnJIHlOTCH
opneIITupaMH npu onpep,CJIeHIIH rpaIlHQ MemJJ:Y n,TIeMeUaMII,
ynor.UIHaIIHU ropOJJ;OB, I1oce,TIeIII1ii, pa3,TIH'lIIbIX rcorpaqJH'w-
29

C!UlX OO'beHTOB. I1oaTOMY n MbI rr03HaHOIIIMCfl co cImqJCrm-
MIl pel{aIlI rro B03MOH\HOCTII rroAP06Hee.
I1plIcTyrraH Ii orrlIcaHIIIO peR, fepOAOT nepep; <HIIM OTMe-
'CJ:aeT nerr06eAIDIOCTb [] nej:(ocTyrrHocTb CHU<POB II j:(06aBJIH-
CT: «8TO TaR y Hnx rrpnAYlIiIaHO, rrpIPleM rrplIpop,a 3eMJIH n:'1
6JIarOrrpIIHTcTByeT II peHH ORa3bIBaRJTCH nx COI03nIlI\a;\m.
BeAb 3ef.JIH, npeACTaBJIflJOm;aH c060M paBHImy, 60raTa Tpa-
BOll n rr306HJlyeT BOAOlI; peR me TeqeT rro HeM He MeHbIIIe no
'IHCJIY, qeM RaHaJIOB B ErlIrrTe. Te II3 nIIX, HOTopble qeM-
llI'l:6YAb rrplIMeqaTeJIbHbI II, naqnHaH 01' WpH, ;r:(ocTyrrHbI AJIH
IWpaOJIen, H Ha30BY: HCTP C rrHTbIO YCTbHMII, 3aTe)1 Tnpac
II flmaHIIC, H Bopncq>eH, II I1aHTImall, II flIllaHuplIC,
II fepp, II TaHaIrc» (IV, 47).
I1epnaH peHa - rrHTnycTHblil tlcTp - cOBpeMemmlI JJ:y-
rrail: «HcTp - BeJIIlqaMlliaH 1I3 Bcex peli, IWTopble MbI 3ua-
eM. OIl BcerAa TeqeT, mueH OAlinaHoBbli'1 ypOBeHb U 3HMOM
n JIeTO:\I. I1epBblH HaqHIIaR C 3arraAa 113 Bcex peH, I\OTOpbIe
'eRYT n CRII<plIII, OH CTaHonIlTCH BeJIIlqaihIIIlIlI no TOM rrpn-
'lIme, 'ITO B Hero Blla;r(aIOT H J].pyrne peHII. CJIeAYIOm;ne pelm
J].eJlaIOT ero nOJIHOBOJ],HblM - rro CRI1<PCRoii 3eMJIe rrpOTeHaeT
UX lUITL; Ta. ROTOpyIO CI-aI<pbI Ila3bIBaJOT I1opaTa, a aJIJIIIIIbI
HupeT, 3aTe-f TnapaHT, II Apap, 11 Harrapnc, II OpAecc.
HepnaH JI3 rrepeqnCJIelIHbIX - 60JIblliaH peRa; rrpOTeHaH na
J!OCTOI.e, OHa C.TIIIBaeT CBOII BOAbI C BOj:(aMI1 HCTpa. BTopaH
U3 uepeqnc.rreUHbIX - TuapaHT - TeqeT 60JIee H 3anaAY n
lIIeU],IllIIX pa3:\lepOB; Apap, H HarrapIIc, H Opj:(ecc, rrpoxOAfl
II npO:\leHYTRe ;\le;:r,P;Y aTIum peRal\lU, Brraj:(aIOT B HCTp.
8TO, coocTnemro, 'Ie IeCTHble crnnIJcIme peRIl, IWTopble Ae-
narOT ero rrOJIHOBOAIIbDI; a n3 OOJIacnr ara<pupCOB TeqeT
MapIlc n CMelIIIInaeTCH C HCTpO:\U (IV, 48).
113 Ha3naHHblX rrpUTOIWB HCTpa IIopaTa (I1npeT) TBep;];O
OToa,;{eCTBJIR8TCH C I1PYTOM, coxparrUBlIIIUr cnoe ApeBHee
na3Bamre B neCI\OJIbRO IlCRameHHO;\1 nH;:W. OTmRJ{eCTBJIemIe
OCTRJIhIIbIX rrpIITOROB Bbr3bIBaeT 60JIblline paSHOrJIaCnH yqe-
Hl>IX, oc06eHHo B CBH3II C Tei\l, 'ITO 3TH BonpOCbI TeCHO IIepe-
n.aeTaR>TCH C np06JIel\wIT orrpe;:J;eJIeHlIH sarrap:HOll rpamUbI
Cr,mlmn. 8TlI He pemeHlIbIe ;:1;0 cnx rrop 3arap:IUI ce jI'AYT
CRonx nCCJIej:(OBaTeJIeii.
;J:aJIee fepoAOT IIaSbIBaeT MHOH{eCTnO ;:I;PyrlIx rrpIlTOIWD
I1CTpa B ero nepXHei\1 II cpej:(HeM Te<IeHnn, SaTCl\1 rrOj:(p06IIO
I'OBOprrT 0 rrOJIHOBOj:(HOCTII peRn: «BCJIeACTBlIe Toro 'ITO Bce
JlepeLlJ[CICHHble peRU II l\IROrIle APyrne npncoej:(I1HHIOT Ii
IIC)IY CBOIl BOJ{bI, HCTp CTaHonnTCH BeJIIlqalIlIIeM lI3 PCI{,
TaR r'\ar{ eCJIn cpamnIn BO;];bI OAHoro HCTpa, TO HUJI rrpe-
BOCXO;r(lIT ero o6nmreM nOA - BeJ].b un OAna peHa, rrn J],ame
30

pOI1Im lIe Bna):(aID1' B IIn;r II He nonO.lIHHI01' ero nOJT.DI.
I fCTp Bcer}J;a 1'e'1eT, IIMeH O;J:I1IIaIWBbrIi: yponeuI, II ,,'IeTml n
31I:1I011, no CJIe}];YIOrn:eii: npll'1UHe, KaK !\lHe KaaieTCH: :muofi:
on UMeeT cBoii 06bPlHblii ypoBeHb II CTaHOBIITCH ;'IIlm!> uc-
ua:lIlIorO 60JIbille cnonx npup0}];lIbIX pa3111epOB, TaK KaI{ 311-
Moii 8'fa 3eMJIH opOillae1'CH }];OJR}J;e)1 Qpe3Bbr t IallHO pe}J;IW, no
cller l' aliI U}J;eT nOCTOHHUO. JIeTm! ;.rie BbmaBIlilIll ;HDlOii:
OOIlJIbHbrii: crrer TaeT II CO Bcex CTOpOH CTeI\aeT B HCTp.
ZhOT cHer, cTeI\aIOID;uii B HCTp, }J;eJIaeT ero rrOJIHOBo:lIbDI,
a TaIm,e II JII1BIIU, !II IIOrO'1IIC.lIeHrrbre II 6YPHble, Be}];b nOa\)J,Il
:L\CCh II}J;YT JIeTOM. HaCKOJIbHO CIIJIhHee COJIIlqe rrprrTHrUlJaer
I, cc6e BOfJ:Y JIeTm-r, HemeJIU 3UMOii, naCTOJIbrw me 06.li.;lbnce
TO, '11'0 rrprmeillUBaeTCH H HCTPY JIeTOM, nemeJIlI 3Inwii.
BCJIe}J;CTBue 1'01'0 '11'0 0}J;1I0 B03Mern:aeTcH }J;PyruM, YC'fauan-
.!IImaeTCH paBlIOBecne, a rro3TolllY II 0I\a3bIBaeTcH, '11'0 IICTp
Ul\leeT Bcer}J;a oJ(UnaHOlJhIll ypOlJerrh>} (IV, 50).
O}J;ual{O cne}J;eIllUI fepO}];01'a 0 nOCTOHIIHOl\l ypOBilC BO!J,bl
B J"(yuae He rrO}J;1'Bepm}J;aIOTCH. Yponenb BO}J;bl B pCHe O'leUL
neYCTOllqUB II HeO!J,HOHpaTlIO MCIUIe1'CH B Te'IeIIJIe rO!J,a.
J"(.'IH 60JIee nOJIHOrO 3HaIWMCTna C HCTpOl\I 06paTlIl\ICH I(
CHC}J;eIIUH:'I }J;pyrnx arrTII1mbIX aBTopOB. CTpa60II, Hal1pn:'lep,
mUlleT 0 HeM CJIeJJ:yrorn:ee: «OCTaIDTCH CTparrhI I{ BOCTOI,y a
PeiiHoM }J;o TaHarrca n YCTbH l\-ieoTIliicHOro 03epa, a TaJ,iI\e
nce npocTpalICTBO, IWTopoe OXnaTbIBaeT HCTp IIW,I{}];Y Ao.pu-
eM H JIeBbIlIIII 6eperallIII ITOHTHHclwro MOpH It lOry JJ:O 8JI-
.1IaJJ:bI II ITponOHTUJJ:bI. 8Ta perm, BeJIIIqaHillan II3 Bcex enpo-
neiicIHIX pelt, pa3pe3aeT Ha }J;Be qaCTU nOQTII BCIO Cl\a38U-
nYrD 06JIaCTb, rrpOTeItaH cnatIaJIa It lOry, a nOTOlll KPYTO [10-
BOpaqIIBaH C aarra}J;a I{ BOCTOlty n ITOHTY. Ona 6epeT naqaJIO
01' 3arra}J;HbIX npe}J;eJIOB repllfallnU, IIe}J;aJIeHO II OT caMoro
YfJIy6JIemroro nYHHTa A}J;pJ'HlTUQeCIWrO MOpH, JIa paccToHIIIIlI
H\OJIO TbICHqn cTa}J;uen 01' fIero; II BJIIIBaeTCH lIte ona u
HorI'f ne}J;aJIeIW OT YCTheB TUpbI If Bopncwena, CJIema 01'-
HJfOUHHCb I{ ceBepy>) (VII, 1, 1).
qYTb HIUlte CTpa60rr }J;aeT }J;OBO.TJf,HO nOJJ:po6noe OIllIC8nne
}J;CJIbThI HCTpa: «BJIlI3 ycneB IIcTpa eCTb 60JlbillOii OCTJWB
HClma; 3anHBIlllIe ero 6acTapnhI nOJIyqIIJIII na3Bamfe rWB-
mIHOB. ECTb II }J;pyrne OCTpon8, no ropa3}J;0 lIIem,JIHlX pa3-
l\[()pon, OJJ:IIII Bblille :31'01'0 oCTpoBa, }J;pyrnc Y .Mopn. JICTp
Inrce-r Ce)Ib YCTben. CalVIOc 60JIMUOC II3 lIUX - TaH na:'lMHa-
cllroe CBHeIInoe ycn.e, no IWTOPOlllY J(O llemm 120 CTa.n,ucu
lI:raBaHlIH; na IInameH: qaCTII ::noro OCTpona ,l],apIIII UOCTPOU,1
IIIOCT, XOTH Oll MOl' 6bl 6blTb rroc-rpoen II lIa BepxHen. 8'1'0
YCTbe - nepBoe CJIeBa }J;JIH nJIbIBYIIIfX B llOlIT, OCTa.iJhlIhle
",e CJIe}J;YIOT no UYTII B}J;OJlb 6epera no nanpaBJIeUlIIO J{ TII-
31

po; CeJl;r,:\-IOe YCTLe OTCTOHT OT nepBOro nO'ITn rIa 300 CTa-
I(IreB. !VIOJH:.n:y YCTbHMIJ-TO jJ o6pa3YIOTcH yno:\wnYTLIC OCT-
pomm. Tpn yCTbH, CJIeJJ;YIOrn:HO 3a CBmleHIIbn!, ne nemmlI,
a Oc.Ta':IbIlbIe - ropa3JJ;0 iiCHhIlle CBHrn:euHoro, 110 60JIbIIIC
,Hnx Tpex. 8<f>op lIa3bIBaOT HCTp nHTIIYCTIILL\r. OTCIOJW 1:\0
cy;:wxoD:Hoii pelm TnpbJ - 900 CTap,nOB>} (VII, 3, 15).
06paTIll\ICH TorrepI, R CBe,rreIlrrmI fLnuum. 011 rrOCBHllJ;a-
01' HCTPY CJIeJ(YI0I1-\RlI OTpbIBOIC «IIcTOIUI oro B fopMaIIIHI,
n ropnoii I(ellH 1\6UOBbl, npOTIiJB raJIJII,CI;Oro ropoJJ;a PaBpll-
l\a; :\IIJoro MI1JIb, IDIenYHCb ,l].anyrnICM, on npoTeHaeT cpe-
JJ;n 6oC'mCJIeHHbIX uapOJJ;OB no TY CTOpOHy AJIbn, 1J0nOJIHHHCh
orpmIHbIM ROJIU'IeCTBOM BOD:; lial( Tom,RO OIl rrpn6JIIIiI.aOTCfT
I( H':IJIIIPIIRY, 1I0JIy'IaeT Ha3BamJe HCTp; B nero BHaL{aOT
60 pelt, HpU'IeM HO'ITl! rrOJIOBIUla If3 nux CYAOXO,1JILIe;
B ITOIIT on BnaJ(aeT IIIP.CTLIO 06IlIUPHbIMl! PYlmBar.-m. llopBoe
YCTI,e ITeBImIlclwe, cpa3Y n.e 3a nHM lIaXOL{UTCH n calif OCT-
pOB T1eBRa, a Ha lIeM 6JIIIrI\aihnoe PYCJIO, IfMeHyeMoo CBH-
II(ennbIM, qepe3 19 MIiJIb llOrJIOliiaeTCH 60JII>IlIIDJ 6mIOTO:\I.
J-f3 Toro me PycJla BblIlIe HCTporroJIH 06pa3yeTcH 03epo 01(-
pynmocTblO B 63 MHJIU; ero lIa3bIBalOT faJIbMlIpuJ(a. BTO-
poe YCThe I1cTpa HMeHyeTcH HapaHycTo:\-m, Tpene - !{a-
JIOIICTOMa 6mI3 CapIaTCIWrO OCTpona, 'IeTBepToe - fIceBJ(o-
CTOMa, 3aTeM OCTpOB HononoIl ,l].na6acHc, 3aTeM YCTbH
BopnoncI'm-fa II I1cHJIOHCToMa. Bce <>TlI pYI\aBa, l\aiH.'I.blll H
OTD:OJII,IIOCTII, UaCTOJfblW Be.'Ilmn, qTO, HaH rrepeJ(aIOT, 01I1I
upeoJJ;OJIonal{)T Mope II na paCCTOHIIIUJ 40 Cl-IIULl> If Ta:\1 'IYB-
C1'BYOTCH upeCllaH CTPYH>} (IV, 79).
81'0 ormCalIl1e fIJIInum cylU;eCTBeHIIO J;OIlOJIHHeT rrpoI(LI-
JJ;YIlIue JJ:aHHble 0 lIeJIbTe HCTpa. BIIfIl\WTeJIbHblH 'IIfTaTe.'1b,
naBepIIoe, Yilie 06paTllJI BIIIIMaIIlIe lfa TO, 'ITO fepOJ(OI' Y1\3-
3hfBaOT rrHTb yCTbeB peIUI, llmIHuII - mecn" CTpa601l-
COMb. lITO "TO, oIlIu6Ra JJ;peBHHX reorpa<pon? B '18M IJpH'IH-
na Tafmx paCXOiI{JJ;eHlIH? HTO lI,e 113 IICTOqHHROB IIpan?
Cf-;OJ1hIW mo YC1'beB HMeJI HCTp?
ConOC1'aBJIeIUle cneJJ;enITn anTII'IHblX anTopOB 0 p:eJIbTe
HC1'pa nOlia3aJIO, qTO nCTO'IIIIfRII iJ,eiicTBIITeJIbnO YHa3hIBaIOT
pa3Hoe JWJIUqeCTBO YCTbeB: TIIIareT H AIIO.T.IJIOIIHH Pop:OC-
Clmll - TPH yCTbH; fepOJ(OI', 8q}Op, llceB;.J:o-CHIIMH, ,l].nonH-
cnii, /\ppllaH, ABHeII, H"JIaBJ(Hen, llpnCI(IIRn IT JJ;p.- IJHTb
YCI'hen; fIJIHHlIii: - IlIeCTb YCTben; CTpa601I, OBlIJJ;HH, BaJle-
PUM CD.fLarm, J1omoIIHH MeJIa, KJIaBlIIIii ll1'o:Jo!llei-i n JJ;p.
ceMb YCThen.
COBpOMeHllbIe HCCJIeJJ;OBa TeJIn nblTaJIIICb 06'bHCIIHI'b ""TII
paCXOfEJJ;eIIlIH oIllu6Ra!lHI allTIIQHbIX reorpacI10B. OJJ;Halw 06-
BI1H€HIIH QJ{a3aJIIICL lIe060CIIoBRlInblm II IIRnpaCIIbHlIl1. !{all:
32

jJOIW:JaJIlI IWJ\IIT.TlCI\ClIbIC IlCTopHIw-rcorpa(Im'ICClmc HCC.lICJO-
JlaJil-uI, npIPUma paCXOfl;JICIIUii l1e 1\ OIIlI-lOWl.X ITCTO'llTIIIWB,
a B naJIeOreOrpa(tJII'lCC"HX n:JMCIIeIIHHX B CHlOii nCJlbTe
pcmI. Ha npOTHlI,cmm 1l0CJICJllllIX 2,5 ThlC. JIC1' OCIIOl\1l0e
PYCJIO )J.YlIaH ilOCT(IICIlIlO I1CpO!'vICII.(fI.flOCh C Jora na ccncp.
JJpOHCXOD.UJIO :31'0 n JlHJlC nOfIB.JlCUlIH HOB"IX, CeBCpJIbJX PYIW-
Bon II OTJ\1Upa IIlHI CT3phJX, IOil\I1hIX. 1\ I10CJW.TIbJ\Y JBJeIOH.(I-[0-
cn alITII'IlIhIe OIIlIU\IIJUI J(e.flhTbl pa:JIIonpe"WlIlIhl, TO H HOJUI-
'WCTBO ynoMHuaCMhlX B IInx YCThC13 OYr\CT pa:3.IIlPlJIbIM. laiJ{-
p:I,rii aUTOp YI\a3hIBaCT CTOJIhlW YCTbcn, CI\OJlblW OblJIO no
npClIIClIa ero HCTO'IlIIlT\a. Bo BpellICllil rcpoLHna IIX OI,J,JIO
nHTL.
H ACJIbTe lIcTpa lIIbI CIT(e BcpneMCH npn paCC:\IOTpeUHIl
noxoj:(a )J.apuH na clmcpoB. A CelllJaC npOAOJIilnm ::JllaIWMCT-
no C fepop:oTonoii CI\lHlmei-i.
nOCJIC OITHCaIUm )J.ynaH repoJJ:oT co06IT(aeT: «OJ(ua pel\a
Y CIUlCpOB - VIeTp, a 3a nHM Tnpac, IWTOpLlii JJ:BUil,CTC-H B
nanpaBJIemm ceBe!Jnoro BeTpa; 01-1 6epeT na'laJIO JI3 60.lIhllJO-
1'0 03epa, IWTopoe OT):t:eJIHCT CIUHlmIO OT Henpclwii aCi\IJIH.
Y YCTbH Tupaca 06wraIOT rpeI\H, n:OTopb18 lIa3LIBalOTCH TII-
pHThI» (lV, 51).
Tnpac - c-OBpe,MeI-IJIbIii .D:HecTp - oxapaHTepH30BaH COB-
ce:VI CI{yno. Tal\ n,e JIaIWIIJ-I'IIIO OnJIC-hIBaIOT ,ny peHY II J(PY-
rue aBTOpbI. I1ceB,i10-CI\IIMH, narrpHMep, c-oOoIl.\aeT: «PCHa
Tnpa, rJIy6m,aH II 06HJlbIlaH TTaCT61Iai\IlI, AOCTaBJHIeT n:yrr-
IWM TOprOBJlIO II pbIooii II 6e30naCHoe II.lIaBaHne lVIH rpyao-
BbIX CY,i1CJB. Ha Ilei-i ,TleiI>I1T conMeHHhIH peI\e ropo,i1 Tupa,
OC-nOBaIlJlhlii !lHIJleTHIIai\Ul» ( 798-803).
CTpaOOIT nOCBHIT(aeT Ihmm:eMY floAnecTpoBbIO Talnf\e I10-
60:ILllIOii OTPbIBOI\: «npH YCTbe TnpbI naXOAnTCH 6aulIIH,
na3bIBaeMan HeOrrTOJIeMOBOH, II }J,epeBlIH, II3BeCTlIaH nOJJ:
lIa;maIlIle;\I repMonaRToBoi-i. ECJlII nOAIUITLC-H no peIW na
14.0 c-TaAHen, TO Ha 06enx cToponax BCTpeTHTc-H ropOAa: OJlIIlI
Ih-moTHIH, a APyroii, C-.;reBa,- Ocpnycca; II\IITCJIJI rr06epeil\hH
;-JToii pel\n rOBopwf, 'ITO CCJIII nO}J,nHTLCH na 120 CTaAHeB, TO
nCTpeTlITCH rOpOA» (VII. 3, 16).
He OTJIU'IaIOTCH OC06hIMII rro:I:p06nOC-THl\UJ II CBeJcnmT
J1mHlIlH: «3a I1cTpoJ\l me URXO):t:HTCH ropo):t:a Kpemmcl,u,
3J10.l1Hii, ropbI Mal,poI\peMubI, 1I3BCCnIaH pelw Tnpa, :WiI-
maH IL\UI ropo}J,y na TOM MeCTe, rAe, I\aR rOBopHT, npemJJ:e
Ubl.JIa O(Imycca; 061IIIIpHLIH OCTpOB na ;}TOlf lEe peI{G nac-c-
MIlDT TlrpareTbI; on OTCTOHT OT nCeBJOCTOMhI, YCTblI HCTpa
lIa 130 i\-IIJ.l1b» (IV, 82).
_ l-'laR MhI BH}J,lIM, anTIJ1I1IbIe RBTOpbI OITnCbIl3aroT Hun,nee
] IO;(TTeCTpOBLe BeCMla cn:yno. Cnep:em'IH I1ceBAO-CI\HMUa,
2 I\i, B. ArGyuoD
33

CTpa60na, llJIlII1IUI OTIIOCflTCfI B OCIIOBIIO[ n: noc:rerepoJJ.o-
TOBCIWMY Bpel\ICIIII II n p;anuG:.\[ CJIY'Jae lIe npe.n:CTanJIHrOT tVIH
nac oc060ra IlIITepeCa, noaTOMY ne TpeOYJOT CIIOJlIaJI['lIoro
HOMMeIITIIpOBamuJ. 3AeCJJ neo6xonUMo npOanaJIII:mpOB/lTb
TOJII,I\O p;anlIbIG fepOAOTa.
COoo'-eHJre fepoi1:0Ta 0 60JIMTJOM 03ere, 1J3 IWToporo oe-
peT Ha'laJIO Tnpac, BbJ3bIBaeT CHOpM. HCTOIUI AlIccTpa IIa-
XO!flTCfl, HaI, II3Bcc:rno, B H:apnaTCrmx ropax. 1\31\ iI\C no-
HIIMaTh C.llOna «on,a ITCTOpIIIJ>)? OLUm Y'ICllhH3 C'IIITa TOT, 'ITO
3TO coo6cnIle JIlIllleTTO ncmmx ocnouaunii, a fCpOjOT c.Jle-
i1:yeT 06Ileii Iwnu;ernWH, corJIaCITO IWTopoii perm oepYT lIa-
'raJIO JI3 oacp IVIII crop. ,IJ,Pyrrw IICC.lreJOBaTe,1I1T !ILITaTOTCH
JIaiiTII CJIOBRl\1 Jl:peunero aBTopa peaTIhITOC o(1)Hcnenue u
C'IIITaIOT, 'ITO pe'lL lI.lJ,eT 3JJ:eCJJ 06 06urnplIbIx 60JIOTHX B nepx-
Helll Te'ICHIIIl peFIT, IWTOphIC BO npe:llClm pa3JIIIIIa npeBpa-
nWJIlICh B 0i1:ll0 60JILllIOe 03epo, 1I3 IWToporo PYCJIO T!Tpuca
BbJTeI\aJIO p;aJILllIe ITa lor. TaIwe MneIIIle npe.n:CTHI3JIflCTCH .n:o-
CTaTO'IJIO y6eJI1TeJILnbaf. B BepXUC!l1 TCTICHHII AnecTpa Hei'I-
CTBIITeJILnO UJ\IeIOTCfl 60JIOTIICTf)Ie MeCTa, I\OTOpLIe 130 Bpmw-
lIa fepoP;oTa, Iwrp;a pem! 6LIJITI Go.lIce rrO.TIlIORO;(IILElIII,
rrpCBpaaJIllCL 11 nepnon n0.l10BOJJ:LH n oo.IIl>lUOG 03CpO.
I{aH OTMe'laeT (<OTeIJ; UCTOpIIII», Y YCTI)H TIIpaca OOllTaIOr
rpeIm, I\OTOpLIG na3LIBaIOTCfl THPllTbI. On ne YI\a3LI13aeT f\OII-
J,peTlibIX HaCeJIenUbIX nYUI\TOB, a Tom,l\O B Ca:lIOI ounxc[
BlIJJ:e rOBoplIT 0 cyuecTBOBaHIIII 3J(eCL rpe'leCJ\IIX nocc.rreJ-ITIll.
OAllaHo lleI\OTopble IICc.rreAonaTeJIll a6COmOTIIO lle060cnoBan-
110 C'lUTaIOT, 'ITO fepo;:J:oT lIa3bIBaeT 3LleCL ropo;:-( Tupy. Ta-
Hoe :lIlI8UUe flBllO oUIn60TJITo.
B HmRHe:l1 IlollneCTpOBLe 130 BpeICIIa f'epO,:(OTa cyeC'r-
BonaJIO 60Jlee )J,eCHTI,a rpeTIeClmX noce.;relluii.
fpeJ{l! Hatra:m OCBoeHlIe 3'1'01'0 pernolla nOCJIO Hmlmero
I106ymbfl, ya,e B VI B. P;O U. 3. OXUIa H3 OCHOBllbIX rrpH'IlIll
noro 3aI\mO'IaeTCfl B TOM, 'ITO rrpUJJ:IleCTpOBCI\IIe CTCUIl Obl.'I1I
OHpamIOH TepplITopIIII CHUcPIIII. A 3.IT.JIIIIlLI CTpC"IHmrCb
060crroBaTbcfl B nepnYIO O'lepeAL B YCTLe TalUlX J,pynHhIx
BOP;IIbIX apTepmuI, IWI\ Auenp II IOiI\llbri-i Byr, HOTopble BeJIH
B ueUTpa.TfI)IIbIe pauoHLl CInIcPIIII (pHC. 3).
B VI B. no H. 3. oceA:roro CIU1cPcRoro Hace:IeHIIfl B HmI\-
,.. C .
HeM I10}:(HeCTpOBbe npaRTII'IeCHH lIe OLIJIO. IO.n:a JII-IllIb 113-
pe)J,lw 3axoAIlJUI OT.n:eJIbULIC I\O'leBLfl.
)J;peBHerpe'leCHUe nepeCCJIenD;bI OCBaIIBamI HH30Bbfl TII-
paca nOCTerreHI-IO 1I BeCbMa cBoe06pa3HO. IIx rrepBLIM r,eHT-
pOM B 3TOM pernOHe 6bIJI, lIaJJ:O rroJIaraTI), ropoA 0cPlIycca.
8TO HpaCfIBoe 3BY'lHOe IIMfl B nepeBop;e 03Ha'laeT «3lelIHLlfr
OCTPOB». fAe me OIl Ilaxo;:J;lIJIcn?
34

0a
06
0"
D.
3=13 C 11=1-1
P II C. 3. TOpl'ODLIC nYTII ,[IpCDHCl'pC'IeCImx 1'0pOOD CeDCpHOI'O
'ICllIIoIOpbn D CmflIJlIIO DO DTOpoii nOiIODIIHO VII - Ha'IOJIO VI
II. a. (no H. B. BpaIIIIUICIwMY)
IJpII-
DB. ,[10
a - rOpOAHIl\C (noCCJICHIIC); 6 - Hypl'aH "(llorpc6cHIIC); e - APCBHCl'pe'ICCImc
ropOAa; 2 - nYTL nocTynJICHlln HcnCCH, CTpcmm Yl\aaLlBaIOT OCHOBHOC na-
npaDCHHC CDHaefi
BOHpoc 06 0<pliycce IIeCIWJIbRO CTOJIeTHll BbI3bIBaJI onUIB-
JIeIIHble fJ:IICI,YCCI-II-I I-I OCTpble CHOpbI HCCJIegOBaTeJIefI. OgIlI-I
Y'IeIIbIe OTOFI{geCTBJIJIJII-I ee C rOpOgOM THpoll, gpyrue C'IH'fa-
JIH OTge,IbIIbIM, ca:\;IOCTOJITeJIbUbIM ropop;OM, HO He MOrJIIl
OTbICIW Tb ero pa3BaJIIIHbI.
B rrOCJIej:(HHe rOgbl B pe3YJIbTaTe IWMHJIeRCIIOro H3Y'IeUIIJI
rrIICbMeIIHbIX, apxeOJIOrU'IeCIHIX, rraJleoreorpa<pH'IeClmX, Rap-
TorpaqJII'IeClmX H p;pyrux HCTO'IlIHROB JlillOIO 6bIJIa BbIgBImy-
Ta rnrrOTe3a 0 TOM, r}J;e IICIWTL Oqmyccy [4, c. 87-101].
LJIITaTeJIb, HaBepIIoe, 06paTIIJI BIllIMaHlIe IIa co06eHHe
TIJIIIIUm 0 TOM, 'ITO lIa peKe TlIpe 06IlIH:PHbIll OCTpOB nace-
mHO 'I' TIIpareTbI. qTO a,e 8'1'0 3a OCTpOB? Pmm ,D;IIecTp IIpn
13rra:WIIIIII B Mope oopa3yeT, EaR 113BeCTIIO, 06mIIpIIbIn: ,D;rre-
CTpOBcmIi.j JIHMaI-I. 11 IIHRaIWro OCTpOBa HI-I B caMOM JIHMane.
IIIl B IUI30BbHX peIUi lIeT. I-I:aH 11\e rrOHI-IIIIaTb coooeHIre
fImulIIJI? LI,ocTonepHa 8Ta IIncIJopMaD;I-IJI IiJIII OmUOO'IIIa?
KJIIo'I E 8TOn: paaragRe n I-IeROTOpbIM APYrI1M j:(aJIa rra-
neoreorpacpIIJI. BbIJICHHJIOCL, '1'1'0 B aHTII'IHOe Bpervm, Rorj:(a
2* 35

ypOBOIIT> {lcpnoro 1I10prI 6blJI rIIImc COBpcICHnoro r\aI( l\HI IIU-
MYr.r lIa 5 111, ,L(uccTpoBcIwro JIIIMaUa no CYI1CC;rnOBa.rro 13006-
IqC. Ha ero MCCTC ObIJIa i-\C,TlI,ra pmUI If3 )BYX PYIUlBOB,
l\fcm,r(y IWTOpbrl\1H paclumy.ncH 06IIlJIpnhIi1 l(eJIhTonr,yiI oCT-
pOB. VI MCIIIIO STOT OCTpOB II yrroMImaCT ITmlIIHii. BiJ,eCh, IWI,
c006UWOT nCToT£III1H, OOrnaJIH TupareTbI, T. e. rCTbl, nUJHY-
BlUC na Tupc.
Y 1\a3allllhrii )CJrbTOBbIi{ OCTpOB CYUWCTBOB1JI H B VI 13.
]1,0 n. 8. ECTI> p,OCTaTO'IIIO ocnoBanni:i: npcp,HOJraraTb, 'ITO
IIMcnIlO 3AeCb II OCIIOnaJIU 3JIJIHIIr,r CBoe nopnoe I10CCJIcnnc B
31'01\1 pcrnone - Oclmyccy. DOrICI> B03i\101I-aIMX CTbPrCI{ C
MCCTII[,J1\I IlaCOJrcnneI, onn npOJlIlO'IJIH na I1CPUhIX 1l0paX
060CIlOBaTbCH n IIC COBCOM yp,OOUOM, no GOJiCO 6e:JOIHlCHOM
MeCTC.
YHpcmm CDOC nOJIon_eIIITO, SJIJIHII bI CTaJIn OCBaHlJaTb H
IWpCLIIIOii 6eper. fAO-TO BO BTOpoii nOJJOIJlflIO VI B. no II. a.
lla JICBOoepc/l{be y conpc:\-Iennoro c. POI(COJIanhI IIOmHmCH
I'OPO[( HlmoIIuii 110a;-r-;c B03HHIUIa IeJIaH IWflh Hc6oJII,IlJJ1X
ce.JIhCl\HX IJOCeJIOlUIii, IWTOphIC BOIlIJIH B OI\pyry HrmolUUI.
Hoc:roncullo nc06xoj:(II:\lOCTL B OCTpOBnOM nOCCJrCIHIII 01'-
IIaJIa. H /IUlTe.lIII 0<lJnyccbI ncpe6paJIUCL ITa npaohrii: HO-
pCUIToii 6epcr. Ha3BaIUIO «O(Imycca», T. e. «3MCIJlILIll OCT-
P0B», Y<I\e ne COOTBCTCTBOBaJIO nOBoMy reorpaqHPIccI\OMY
JIOJIO/I{ClII1IO. I-I ropo}J; CTaJI na3bIBaTLCH ITO II MCIIJI peIHI-
THpOM.
1103mc, Iwr}J;a ypOBClIb qepIloro MOprI CTaJI rrOBbIllJaTbCn,
.reJJLTOBbIM OCTpOB ITOCTerrellUO CHpLJ.1ICn nOJJ; BO}J;oiL H na
ero MeCTS 3amICCI\aJInCb BOJIlILI 06pa30BaBluerocn ,L(UCCTpOB-
CHoro mnwlIa.
TaIUIII-I 06pa30M, 11 OqH:IYCCY, II rrOCeJICIUIH TI1parCTOB CJIC-
AyeT UCI\aTl> nO}J; BOJJ;OM. HaM yj:(aJIOCL npOBCCTlI 3}J;CCb ne-
60JILlI1UC rroj:(Bo}J;lIbIe a pXeOJIOrHT£eCHuc pa3Be}J;KH. 06uapYIl{C-
HbI OCTaTIHI HCCHOJIbHI1X nOCeJICHUM, CYlI{CcTBOBaBIlII1X na
)J;CJIbTOBOM oCTpoBe.
110JIY'lcIIIIl>Ie PC3YJILTaTJ>I nO}J;I{penJIHI01' I13JIO/I{eHHYIO rn-
ITOTe3Y. Pa3YMccTCH, OHa Tpe6yeT p,aJIbHeIIlI1eii: paapa60THII
n }J;orrOJIIUITeJILHOH aprYMClITaU;IlI1. BYJJ;eM IIaAeHTLCn, '11'0
HOBbIe rrop;BOj:(HbIe I1CCJIej:(OBaIII1H ITOlliwrYT OIWIIT£a TeJIbHO pe-
llJI1TL aTii I1II'fepecHetiuUIe BOnpOCLI.
Bo BpeMeIla fcpO}J;OTa Be}J;YlI{ee lIOJIOmemre B HuameM
IIOj:(neCTpOBbe 3aHlIMaJI l-hnWI-fI1M. fopop, BeJI O/IiHBJIeUUYIO
TOprOBJIIO C I{pyrrHbIMI1 leH'fpaMH aHTH'IIIOrO MHpa, a TaRme
() MeCTlIl>IMJiI l1JIeMCHBMJiI, ROTOpbIC 06UTamI BbIllJO lIO peRe.
HeHOTopoe BpeMH cyp,h6a HI1HOHI1H 6bIJIa caMhIM TeCUbIM 06-
pa30M CBH3aHa co CIuHlm:ei-i. Pe'lb 06 aTOM nOM}J;CT B OAHoii
30

ITa CJrel\YIOIl'UX rJIaB, IWTopaH nOCBfmwna TparOJU1H CHH<p-
Clwro I,apH Cmma.
fIpemne 'IeM aanepUJUTh paCCMOTpeHue enCj{(HIlIfJ ropo-
J(OTI) () pai,ione Tnpaea, lIeo6xo,n:IIMO cr\a:HlTh H 0 TaH:oi-i: IJII-
TepccnOM j{OCTonpHMWlaTC.TILIIOCTIL «(hel\ HCTOpr-lH» IlIlIlIeT:
«Y pmm Tr'Ipaca lJOIW:JbwaIOT CJIeJ\ fepIJI\Jla, naXOJJ:HU-\I1H-
cn B cr\a,rro; 011 1l0XOiI, na CJICJ\ 1I0rn 'IOJIOIWIHl, no no BeJIII-
'111110 011 pa3MepOM B J\Ba JIOInn>} (I V, 82).
rHe me naxo,n:I1.TJaCI. YI,aaanllaH cr\a.T1a? Oupe.n:e.rrUTb 8'1'0,
1\ COH\aJIeIUIIO, YlI\(J IICBO:!MOIlaro. BepoH'rnce ncero, 8'1'0 pe-
ayJThTaT IIIHI'IYH.I!I-TBoii nrphl npnp0J(hI ua I\arwi-i-To aaMeTIIoii
eJ,aJre o,n:uoi-i II;! n;lBeCTIIHlWB[,rx Teppac lnecTpa. A c pac-
n [loCTlJalJeIllWM I,ym,ra fepal\JIa n ClmqmIl ;JTO cBoe06pa3-
Hoe yr,ny6Jleune B CIU1JIC CTaJIH cnH3hmaTh C ero UMClIeM.
TmwnhI CBOJ(ClHfH repol-\OTa 0 paiione COnpel\lelIfIOro
"uecTpoBclwro .JIIIMHUH II nooepemhH eaMoro .lJ.neC'J'pa. 3a-
TeM alITHlIwi awrop nepCIIOCHT nac cpa3Y B paioll
llIenpOllcr{()-ByrcJ{(Jro JIHIIIaua. 0 n06epemLG lImpH lIIeilil\Y
wnnm paiionaMH lie CJwaauo IIII CJJOBIJ. no npelllCHa HCTO'I-
IIUEa aHCCL, nepOH"J'lIo, ne 6h1JIO nn l\peBUerpe'ICCIUlX, nn
C!\IHIJCJOIX noce.TIeIlni.i.
A 1I03J1,1JCe UH 6eperax COBpfMeHJIoi.i OneccI\oii
JlOnBII,i/JJCh raBaHh nCHmWB II ranalTh IICTpHan, B
jo(IJI1l1oBcJ\Oro JIIIMflrIa - l\IeCTOtIlW CJ\oneJlbI, a B
TmrnrY,TlhC1wro m'IMRlTa- ropOI O.n:ecc, 0'1' I\QToporo
'1JlJHJ clloe naananue COBpClIlCJJJIan O!\ecca.
nOCJre Tupaca fepo.n:OT JlcpeXOJ-\lIT H OITHCaJIlIJO fnna-
HIlca - cOllpeMelIIIoro IOJJ-alOro r-:Jyra: «TpeThn peHa - rn-
!laBIIC - D:BIIfJ\OTCH HiJ npeD:8JIOB CIUIfIHlJI, BblTCIWn 1I3 60JIh-
mora 03epIJ, BOJ\pyr IWToporo naCYTcn JunUlC OeJlbrf) .IJOUlal\lL
8TO 03epo npaBII.T1LIIO IIa3bIBaeTCH lI1aTephIO fnnauJlca. D03-
JIIIHaIOIlJ;aH II3 Hero pCIm fnnaHnc lIft paCCTOHHlIn WITH ,n:nei-i
WTaBaHJIJI eIIJ;e Y3Han II BOD:a B HeM npecIIan, a oTCIOJ.{a gO
lI-IOpn ITa paccTonulIH eTblpex guei-j l1JIaBaJUIH BOJJ:fI 'lpe3-
BhI'Iai-iuo ropbHaH, BeD:l> B nee BIIa;:J,aeT ropblmii IICTO'Imm;
naCTOJIblW ropLHIIii, 'ITO, XOTH H nenemIH no pa3:\ICpaM, OIl
npn,n:aeT cBoii BI\YC rnnaHIICY, o JJ;I-I oij 113 JleIIIOrUx 60.JILIIIIIX
pel\. 11 CTO'1mIH nOT lIaXOJJ,I1TCH B rrpeJJ.eJIax CTpaIIhI CT-;JJ(j)()B-
naxapeii IJ aJIH30I-IOB '. Ha3Bauue nCTO'lI-IIIJ-,a IT Toil 1recT1I0-
CUI, oTl\y;.{a OI-I BLITGHaeT, nO-CIH1<pCIm 8Hca:.meii, Ifa H3bIlW
me 3JVIIII-IOB - CBHIIJ;eHHbIe nYTH. D6mI3II 3e1I;III a.'IU30HOB
Tupac H f\maHHc c6mm>aroT CBon H3.;IY'IHIIbI, no OTCIOgH
UYXTLI
YCTbC
YCTL8
no,ny-
, B p,pynIx CIlIIci,ax «HCTOpIIlh> - aJIaSOHbJ.
37

IWIl\,n:bIii n3 uux nOBopa'IIIBaeT n TC'I()l' Tar" '11'0 npOIemy-
1'01\ MCil,,n:y llllMlI paCUlIIpHO'fCH» (TV, 52).
Hat, Mhl BJIJUE\I, l'epOJlOT xapaI\'repnayeT IOllmhlii Byr
JJ,OBOJlbIlO lIoJw06no. OC06blii IIIJTepeC Bbl3bIB3eT era co06-
1I\81111C 0 OO.IILlliOM 03epe, 113 l';OToporo BLlTeHaeT pel-;a.  r !le-
IIIU! Hcc,neAOBaTeJIeii ua 81'01' C'leT pa3!J,eJIIlJIIlCL. Be;!,b (] Bep-
XOBLHX IOamoro Byra IIIII\aI.;oro 038pa neT. O:_(IlIl y'!8IILIO
C'I!TTaJOT, '11'0 TaIWC 03epo cyrn:eCTBOBa[(O TOJILIW B nooopa-
il-;elIHIJ fepoJ-LOTa, APyrne cTapaJ01'cH ImllTlI peaJILIIOe 061:.HC-
Hcnne 81'OMY cooorn:eHIlIo. J],eJIo B TD:.\1. '-ITO B 13cpxne:\! Te-
'18I1lIlf peH:n nMeeTCfI MlIoro OO.ITOT II 03ep. II.\ICuno omI, no
MlleIIIIIO f. J],ynlIlIlIa, fI. 300piJUI.rra, BO BpCWT paLIII 13013
n peBparn:aJIIICL B O,n:HO OOJILlliOe 03epo, I';OTOPOC C'fIITHJIOCL
MmepbIO fnnaulIea.
TaKaH Torma 3pemUT npe;!,CTaB"'THe1'CH IIalIoo:ree IJpaDll.;jb
noii. I-Ia Moii 133r.ITHJ" YlJommae.\IOe fepOD.OTO.\I 03CpO naxo-
J(1I.;lOCb B paiione BllIITlIII\bI. 3llecL IOamLrti Byr TC'18T no
llIIlpoRon 3a60"'T0'leHII0i.i ,n:omme, B 1\01'opoii mIOro 03ep II
npYAOB. B nOJIOBo,n:Le OlIn npeBparn:aIOTcH 13 O,\IlO OOJIblliOe
038pO, 0 ROTOpD:.\! n co06rn:aeT naJ <<01'81.:( JICTOPIlIJ».
OeooLIii HIITepeC BL13LlBac1' rOpLI\IIii IICTO'lIIIll\ al.;caIfJciL
f A 8 jJ,e lIaXO,n:UJICH ,nOT npnTOl-; funauucR? fIOlJC.\IY ObIJI
rOpLlUIl\I? Tho 03HaQae1' na3EaIme CmnIJ.CITlIhIe nynI?
8TlI II LJ:pyrue CBH3aHlIbIe C 31{Ca.\mee.\1 BonpOChI yme
lleCI\OJILIW cTo:reTuii: Bhl3LIBalOT Oa{HB.'TeJIIIbIe cnopbI IICCJIC-
AOnaTeJIei-i II OIWlPlaTeJIbHO lIe pellicIILl ,'1,0 CUX nop.
!\alwll i-I,C II3 .:reBLIX npuToROB IOamoro Byra B ,n:pCIHTO-
CTn na3LIBa.'TCH 3RcameeM? OLLIIU y'leHLIC npIIXOD,HT It Bhl-
BO,n:y, '11'0 aTO - CUllIoxa. i'lPyrne - \ICp1'BOBO. TpeTLII-
fHlIJIOll EJIaH8U;, qeTBepTLIe - lleprrLIH TalUm,IH [4,
c. 140 n cJIe,rr.].
BcecTopoHHUfl ana.:rU3 [UleIOrn:UXCH n.aHlIhlX npUBO;:J;H'r It
BblBO,n:y, <ITO 3I{Cm,mee.\1 Ha3bIBaJIaCb IH1eHHO CURIosa. Ee
Mec.TonOJIOa,eHlIe nO:UIOCTbIO OTBeQaeT BceM HeooxorUIMbHI
TpeoonaHHH.\1 n.:ur OTOiI{!J,eC1'BJICUIIH c anDI ropLIUIM npu-
TQI,W.\L
fIo<Iel\IY iRe CIIllIoxa 6LI.:ra ropLlwfI? OTBeTIITL ITa 81'01'
r.OITj)OC UO!IWraIOT cnCAeHIIH plIlIlCRoro lTUCaTeJIH BHTPYBHH
DO.;J.u;:olIa. B CB08.\I CO'lUUeHUU «06 apxnTeRType» Oll IUI-
meT: ({ECTL UCTO'lHURH, 6epyrn:ne CBoe Ha'IaJIO U3 ropbIwro
3CMU0!'0 co;:.;a. C 'lpe3BbI'laii:no ropLROH BOAon; TaROBa peRa
fuuaunc B DOHTe. PeKa :3Ta TeqeT OT HCTOROB npn6JIII3u-
'l'C.:IbUO 40 mJIL, IDfeH BOJJ.Y O'leHb CJIa,n:ItYID ua BI{YC. 3aTeM
JlOCTuraeT .\IeCTa. OTCTOHlU,ero OT YCTLH Ha 160 \HIJII,; Ta.\1
ona nplUUBlaeT O'IeUb neoo.1JLlliOII IIC'fO<IIIlIR. On, BITaJ(aH B
33

pCH:Y, )JeJWeT BCIO orpo.'IIlYIO Maccy BOJ(hI n ncji rophIWH, Talt
Hal;: TC'IeT no TaH:oii :leM.TIC II nmJIaM, oTH:YJJ:a Jl,06LIBaIOT cau-
W1[JaI;:Y, H BOga 13 IICM l(eJIaeTCH rophIWM» (VIII 3 11 ) .
I f'  ' ,
1.aI{ MLI BIIgUM, DUTPYUHI1 CUH3LmaeT ropLlmii: BRYC
BOJlhI 8I{CaMrreH C 3c..lJIcii, no IWTOPOii: OU rrp(JTeRaeT. JJ:eM-
CTBIITeJILlIO, na3BalIHLIG npU1'oIHI 10m nol'o Byra cOJJ:epmaT
(IJOc(IJaTuL1c II MeAI1C1'bIe rrpUMCCH, IWTopbIe 3na'IH1'eJIbIIO
yXyJl,I1Ja10T BRyC BO,n:bI. B aTOM O1'nOIJleIIHII O'leHL nOlta3a1'eJIL-
IIhl ca1\rH na3BaTIHn 3THX pe'leI;: - CUI1Ioxa, Mep1'UOBO,n:,
l'HlIJlOii EJIane:q, Y.epuMii TaLU.TIbm.
OlIn rOBopn1' call1Il 3a ce6n n lIe 1'pe6yI01' ocoooro 1\01\1-
Men1'apnn.
Ho 8I\CaMrreii Bb1geJIH.JICn cpeJJ:I1 coceJJ:HHX rrpUTOIWB
cRoeii oc06oi-i COJIelIOCTLIO. IIo'ICMY?
OTTIeT na 81'01' Bonpoc gaIOT, 1\aI;: MHe RanWTCH, gaUTIhIC
o TOM, 'ITO HMeIIHO B BepXOBLHX CIIIJIOX)) ,n:o nCJJ:aUHero npe-
MellI! cyrn:eC1'BOBaJIO neCIWJIbIW COJIeIlLIX 03epn;on. BOJ(R B
lIHX no COJIenOC1'lJ ne O1'.IJII'la.TIaCb 01' 1I1OpCIWii:. 3gecL 110'11'11
AO lIallJero BpeMeIlII (ua'Ia.JIo X IX B.) B 60.TILLUHX I\OJIII'WC1'-
]5aX JJ:OBOJlbIIO 11IITenCnBno gOObIBaJUI COJIb. B gpemlOCTII TYT
6bIJIIl ana'nITCJIbHbIe 3a. T lefI\H COJIn. 11poTeI\aH 'IepC3 :ny
MCCTUOCTL pe'II\a CTanOBIIJIaCb HCIWIO<JHTeJILHO cOJIenoii u
cyrn:ecTDcIIHO II3i\Ie1UI.TIa BI\yC BOgLI B funanHce.
C.rre,n:yeT OTMeTHTb TaTUI-,e, '11'0 HeI\OTOpbIe HCCJIeJJ:OBaTe.TIH
upeJJ:.JIaraIOT HIloe 06'bHClIemIe. 110 IIX MlIeHHIO, BI\YC 130;(bl
R fIIrraIIIIce YXYil:llIaJIa MopcRaH BOJJ;a, npommaBllIaH H BCp-
XOBMur JIH:\lafIa.
,D.eilcTBIITeJILIIO, B naCTOHrn:ee BpCMH rrpn IIarOIlHLIX BeT-
pax WpCIaJI BOga 3aXOgIIT Aa.TIeEO B .TIUMan. 1-10 Begl> pC'I-
nOM CT(H\: eeII'Jac nU'lToa;:uo :\Ia.rr, TaH I;:al, YXOgI-lT na opome-
lIne 3eMeJIL, BOAoclIaOilienI1e ropo,n:OB II pa3JIII'IlILIe JJ:PYI'1Ie
IIY;H,n:LI napoJJ:IIoro X03JIHC'I'Ba. A B gpeBnOCTlI rnnanIIC 6L1J1
60JI'ee no.rrUOBo,n:HbDr II Bce CB0I1 BOALI BLIIIOCIIJI B MOpC.
H Cn.iIbIlOe Te<Jenue pCIm He rr03BOJIJIJIO IIlOpCIWii BOge 3axo-
AHTb Aa.TICJ\O BBepx.
B I1pyroM MeCTe CBoero Tpyga fepo,n:OT Bll0T5b B03Bparn:a-
eTCH f{ 8RcaMrreIO. «OTen; HCTOpI-lII}) rrOrrbITaJICH BbIHCUIITb
TIlICJIeHHOCTL CRH<pOB. PaccRa3bIBaH 06 8TOM, OIl npIlBOgHT
I;:paime HHTepecHLle CBegCHI-IH: «"YHCJIeu1JOcTb CRH<POB H rre
MOl' TO"'lnO Y3IIaTb, no C.JILlLUaJI 06 IlX "'IHCJIe pa3JII-I"'IIlLIC
co06rn:eHIIH: '11'0 ux O'IeIIb !\UIOrO H "'11'0 C1;:U<pOB 1;:aI\ TaROIJhIX
lIIaJIo. O.L\HaHO BOT TITO MHe UarmlgHO rrORa3aJIII. ECTb JIIeJI\-
gy pe1,am bopHc<peH0ll1 II fnrraUHCOM lIIeCTIIOCTL, na3BaHIIO
I\OTopoii 8I\ca!lIIIeii:. 06 8TOil rvrecTHocTII H yrro;mmaJI rre3a-
gOJIro ;1:0 1'01'0, cIa3aB, '11'0 B Hell eCTh nCTO'IInm ropb1;:olI
39

I!O}(hI; BO)(a mJlTelWIOll.\an U3 nero, f];eJlae'f no)w rmaHIIca
IIcl'O)(I1oii J(JIfl !JI1TLH.
13 DTOii llJeCTUOCTU HaxOnIITCH MefJ:ULI{I IWTe.TI no nCJIIPIU-
lIe U UWCTL pa3 60JlbIIlO RpaTepa Y YCThH fIOlITa, I\OTopbIii
nOCBHTJIJI lIancaIIuii, ChIlI I-{Jrem.I6pOTa. A TOMY, RTO ero HU-
IWl'na He UIIp,eJl, H pa3'LHCHIO 3TO CJlenYIOll.\nM 06pa301l0
MOIIIJ,[I[ IW'IeJI B CKJI<pUII cB060nIlO DMell.\aeT IIleCTbCOT all{-
(IIOp; TOJllltUlIa :)Toro CIUHpCKora Mef];IIOrO I\OTJla- I1IeCTb
naJIhI(eB. hOT IWTeJl, KaK l'OBOpnJ1lI MeCTHbIO IIHITeJ1l-I, cJ],e-
J1<1II na naIWHe'l1IIIIWB CTpeJl. TIOIKeJIan Y3ua'fI> 'IlICJleIIIIOCTb
CIUHIJOB, IIX .u,aph, lIMH IWTOpOl'O Apn3UT, npmm.!aJl DceM
cluHIJa!\l, '['['OOLI lwm;:bIii npuuec OJ],IIH HaI\OHe'lIIIII\ CTpeJlbI;
a TOMY, [{'fO He upuueceT, OH yrpoma.TI CMcpTbIO.
TaH BOT 6l>IJIO )WCTanJlCnO IIIHOII\CCTBO HaI\OIlG'IHHIWll,
n OIl pCUlHJI OCTaUUTL naIlIHTIIIII\, CJ],CJlaB ero lI3 :)TUX HalW-
nC'IIIHlwn. lh IITIX 011 C)J,CJIaJI IlIIWHIIO STOT l\1ep,HhIii IWTeJI
u 1I0CBHTIIJI ero n 3'1'0'1' GI\:caIlITIeii. BOT 'ITO H CJIbIIIIaJl 0
lfnCJlCIIIIOCTIl cwulJOB» (IV, 81).
1)'al\ III hI J!H:(HlII, DTOT OTpr.IBOJ\ IJaCbIll.\eu cm-Ioii pa3IIo-
o6pa3I1oii HIJ(IJOpraIHeii, IWTopan BI>I3bIBaeT MuomCCTI30 130-
npocon: II 0 callIO:\-I MeJ],IIOM IWTJIe, U 0 era pa3l1wpax, 11 0
KOJIlPIeCTBC I1aROnC'II1HI\OB CTpeJI, I-I 0 cI\mI1clwM [apc Apr-r-
aIlTe n T. J],.
q TO me STO 3a I\OTeJI? 11 nO'Iel\-IY A puanT aanYll1aJI cle-
JIaTb I1MeIIHO IWTeJI?
)J.eJIO B TOM, '11'0 IWTJIbI, MeJ],HbIe HJIlI opOII30nbIe, 6bIJUI
neCLMa namHbIMH npc.n;MeTaMI-I B mU3lHI CKlHI)()J3 (pHC. 4).
06 3'1'0111 B onpeneJIeHHoi-i Mepe CBUp;eTeJIbCTnYIOT 3Tuorpa{lm-
'Iecm-Ie napaJIJIeJIU. Y ocenIH, nanpHMep, B HSbIKe KOTOpbIX,
06bI'IaHX, oopHnax COXpaHHJIIICL MH01'He cKH(f>cmIe OTI'OJIO-
ClUJ, KOTJIbI I1rpamI OOJIbIlIYIO pOJIb II I\eHIIJIHCb o'lenrJ p,OpO-
1'0, Ol'pOMHLlii 061I(l'IHlIbIii IWTeJI Y IInx XpaHIIJICH B CBHTHJIU-
lI(e. Bo BpeMH 60JILIIIHX IlpaSJ];HeCTB B 3TOM KOTJIC l'OTOBHJII1
mIIIY JI,JIH nccro CeJIeHI-IH IIJHI J],ame J],JIH neCI\OJIhImX cocep;-
lIHX ceJIeHuii.
B J],PyrIIx IICTO'IHfmaX IIMH ApnaIlTa He ynOMuHaeTCH.
II03TOMY nel\OTopbIe HCCJIef];OnaTeJIH C'IIITaIOT ero IIUI(f>WIe-
CIUJlII IapeM, J],pY1'ue me npH3HaIOT ero I\OHRpeTIIbIllI HCTO-
pIl'IeCIUI1\I JIIJIWM II J],ame fIIJITaIOTCH onpeJ],eJIHTI> I3peMH e1'O
.u,apcTBoBaHHH: I\OHe.u, VII B. J],o H. D. !-IJIH T\OneI VI 13.
J],O H. 3. Gni npep;IlOJIOmem.UJ OCTaIOTCH norm oeSJJ;OHa3aTeJIb-
lIbIMII. BYJ],eM HaJ],eHTbCH, '1'1'0 CO BpeMelIeI\I nOHBHTCH HOBbIe
nm-lHbIe, I\OTOphIC nOMorYT Homwe OCl3eTHTh :nOT nlITepec-
IIblM- nonpoc.
JI,JIH 'Jero me ApnaHT SRIJ,yMaJI no MeponpnHTIIe? Hc-
liD

P n c. ". CI(IIfIlCImi! 6pOn'iODLlii IW'rCJI 113 KYPl'ana PaCKOnana MOI'II;J3
CJIeJonaTeJUI nOJIat'a10T, ITO n;apb npe)],npHIHIJI cBoe06pa3UYIO
l1epermCI> IIO)],BJ1aCTlIOrO el\lY lIaCeJIeIUHI, )],JHI 1'01'0 IT06bI
ynopH)OlHTb c60p lIaJIOron.
B <)TOM cnH3M IIHTepecno CJIe)],Ylonee 06CTOHTCJIbCTBO.
B VI B. )],0 1I. 3. n HnmneM fI06YiI{be 6bIJIII rnupOIW pac-
npOCTpalleHbI Me)],lIbIe MOlleTbI B nlI)],e naKOne'IIIIIIWB CTpCJ1,
Tal{ Ha3bIBaeMble MoneTbI-CTpeJIKII. 1l03TOMY, B03l\IOnnIO,
caMa nepeIIIlcb yme npe)],cTanmma C06011 c60p )],an II , Ha 'ITO
YKa3b1Ba,II 'E. H. fPaIWB.
KaIW:H ilW 6bIJIa qnCJIeHHOCTb cKIIcpon no BpeMena Apu-
aUTa? Ha 31'01' nonpoc I10Ka neJIb3H )],aTb TOII1hli1: OTBeT.
CBe)],eUMH fepO)],OTa )],aIOT uaM BeCLMa npU6JIM3MTeJIblibIe 01'-
npaBHLIe J\aHHb1e )],JIH paCI8TOB.
KOTeJ1 ApMaHTa BMelI\aJI 600 aMcpop II TOJInJIHa ero paB-
1HIJIaCb llIeCTU rraJIbn;aM. I1CXO)],H II 8TMX )],anHb1X, A. H. lIJ;el'-
JIOB II K. K. MapqenIW nOI1LITaJIIICb onpe)],eJIMTb qIICJIeH-
lIOCTL cKucpon [121, c. 51]. JJ:JIH npOBe)],eHIIH paCIeTOB 6bIJIa
B3HTa cpopMa IWTJIa H3 l{ypl'ana COJIoxa JI nalWneqBIIKII
CTpeJI VI B. )],0 n. 8. BCCOM 01' 3,2 AO 3 , 9 1',
u

D BI,PfIIC.TlUTeJIbHOM r(eIITpe lIIHcTHTYTa COr(I.JaJIhIIO-;:nW-
1I0MIPIOClUIX np06JIeM AH CCCP no nporpaMIIle, BhIfIOJIHeU-
Hoij- A. H. MaJIhrHHbIllf, 6bIJIn rrpOBep;eUI>I COOTBeTcTnyJOmHe
paC'ICThI. ITOJIY'IeHO 30 BapnaHTOB r-\OJIH'IeCTBa IIaIWHC'I1IU-
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2

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'i4

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pOMY Bce paCCTOHIme 0'1' MOpH JO cenepnoii rpaUHI.{hI Clm-
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no peHe.
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'11'0 'IHCJIO COPOI{ Y fepOAOTa ynoTpeomJeTCR, n03MOJIOIO, Me-
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HanpHMep, !<OTeI IICTOPIIIl» OTlIle'IaeT OpOH YCTl,en ApaHca
0, 202), COpOl{ .L(nen nyn! B/IOJIb HIIJIa (II, 29).
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1. BMeCTO COpOI{a AHeii 'IHTaTL 'JeTblpHaJ(aTb.
2. Vl3MepHTh COpOl Jl:lIetl nJIanaHI1fI ne 01' YCTbH, a 01'
nepxoBben pClUl.
45

3. COp OR J(Heti nJIaBaHHH CBH3aIlhI C COpOI\aMH J(IUIMU
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4. quc.no COpOl, y repo,rJ,OTa YCJIOBllOe Ii oaHa'raOT 111110-
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rro YI,a3aHHoii cxeMe II rrOJIY'I1IJI COpOI\ AlIen nJIaBaHHH. 3TOii
l(IIqJpoii «OTeu: lICTOpIIlI)} II gOnOJIIIIIJI cppa3Y 0 Te'IeHHlI pm,H,
o '101\1 cnHAeTeJIbCTByeT ROHCTPYI,II;IIH pacclaTplIBaeMoro
npe;.J,JIOmCHIIH: dlpOTeI,aH C cenepa, OH U3BeCTeH AO l\IeCTIIO-
cm I'epp, AO ROTOpoii COp OR )],HeM IlJIaBaHIIH, no IUII\TO ne
MOFI{CT CI,a3aTb, no 3e)IJIRM I{aI,UX JIIOAeii OH Te"{IeT BbIrne>}.
rJIalmoe npegJIOmeHIIe co)],epmUT MbICJIb 0 TOM, '1'1'0 BOPII-
ccpeH H3BeCTeH )],0 fepp II "(ITO IIHI{TO He 3HaeT ero BepXIlC-
ro Te'IeHHH. CIOAa BHJIIIHIIBaeTCH IlpHp;aTO"{IHoe npeAJIOmem1C
«;1;0 I\OTOpOi-i: COpOR AHeii llJIaBaIIIIfl)}, P;OIlOJIHHIOIT(ee llepBYIO
"{JaCTb rJIallHoro.
Tcnepb HeCI\OJIbRO CJIOB OTHOCIITeJIblIO npeAIIOJIOmeHlIH
o 'I'm!, "{ITO 'IHCJIO COpOl, Y repO)],OTa YCJIOBHOe II 03Ha"{JaeT
MHomeCTno. B II;eJIOM, B03;1,cIOmHO, TaR OHO II eCTb. Ho B AaH-
HO! CJIy"{we, RaI, yme rOBOpHJIOCb, COPOI, )],HeR llJIaBaHIIH
nOfIBHJIHCL 6JIarogapH p;alIHbIlII 0 COpoIw;.J,HenHolI 1l0XOpOHI-IOii
npoII;eccIIIf, a BOT on,Y;.J,a B3RTbI 9TH TpaypHbIe CpOIUI - HC-
6

iICHO. B03MOmHO, 3TH COpOR p;HeM CBiI3aHLI C peJIllrn03HLII\U!
npeJJ,cTanJIeHHiIMH 0 cyllecTBoBamIH: IeJIOne'IeCI\Oji p;yrnu
[[OCJlO 6HOJlOnPleCRoii cMepn!.
Tmum 06pa30I, COpOR p;Beli ITJIanamm - IOpecIYP 60JIL-
lUoe paccTofIIIlle P;JIfI HHiI\Hero TereHHfI Bopnccpella. 8Ta
I\lIcIJpa, no nceii nepofITIloCTH, cnfI3aHa C co0611emIcIl! 0 CO-
pOI\a.D:HenHOll noxopOIIHOII npOn;eccIHI H He OTpamaOT pOaJlL-
lIoro paCCTOfIHIIfI OT YCTLH pelm P;O fopp.
PaccMoTplIM em.e 0P;I111 HHTepeclILIII Bonpoc. OnnchIBaH
BopIIccI)eH, fepo.J:oT OTMeqaeT, ITO CRlJcpu-3eMJleJ\e;[f>IhI
«o6r-rraIOT rro oro 6eperaM aa paCCTOHmm p;eCHTH p;Ilell rmC1-
narmH>). B p;pyrollI me MeCTe HCTOIIIHR co06m.aeT, qTO 30llIJIH
CHII<p0B-3eIlWe.D:eJlLn;en (<upOCTupaeTCH na o.n;nmJa!/,Ian,
;Tlleii IIJIanaIIlIH nnepx rro BopHc<peHY)} (IV, 18). HaJnIlo
mmoo HeCOOTneTCTnIIO. n IeM me IIpr-PIHIla?
Oi'1;IIH IICCJIep;OnaTeJIH rrLITaJIHCL 06'LHCIIlITb 3TO neCOOT-
nCTCTBlIe lICnOpqeHHOCTLIO TeI\CTa, .lJpyrne liOJIaraJIII. 'ITO
lrCCOrJIaCYIOIlHOCH Memp;y c060ii Cllop;emm BaHThl 1I3 pa:mMX
IICTO'IIIHIwn. Ho TamIe 06'bHCHeJIHH npOp,CTanJIHIOTCH Hoy6c-
)(IITeJIhHl>I,\UI II He CHIIMaIOT nOCTanJIeIlBOrO norrpoca.
J.rrH Toro '1T06hI nOJIIIee nOIIHTL BTOpOO C006m.OHIIC, npo-
l\JTTnpYe:\l nOJIHOCThIO BeCl, OTpbIBOH: «ECJIlI rrepeihn Boprr-
clIJeI-I, nepnaH OT MOpH CTparra - flIJIeH, eCJIl! me H1(TII nnepx
OT Hec - 1 all! n\HnYT CKHlI)bI-3eMJI01(eJIhILI, IWTOPLIX 3JVIII-
HI,{, lliJIRYln;ne y pelm fUJIaIIHC, Ha3hIBaIOT 60PIIClI)OIII-ITa:\III,
a ca'lIiTX ce6B OJIhRHOJIOJIIITaMH. 8TII ClmlI)hI-3eMJIO)l,e.'Tr,ILI
naCOJIHlOT 3e:'iJIIO R nocTORY na npoTHlf\OIIJIJI Tpex 1(ueii
I1\TH, p:OXOJJ.H gO pOl-\II, ua3naHHe l\OTOpoii fJauTImarr; n CTO-
POHY COBopBoro neTpa 3Ta 3eMJIH npOCTIlpaeTCH na o.n;lIHI-rap;-
l\a'fL p,uoii rr.rranaIIIIH nnopx rro BopIic<peny. BLulle I!a;l J1IDm
nYCTbIIlH l-Ia OOJILllImI npocTpancTBe. 3a nycTbJUei'r mnnYT
aU;J;pocparn, nJIe:'IH oc060e H OTIIIOAb He cm-HIJcI\OO. CTpana,
Haxop;mafIC-H nhIllie nux, yme HaCTOHllaH nycTLIIUI, II uu-
haIWrO qeJIOBOIeCROrO IlJIeMeUH TaM HeT Ha nce:.! H3nCCTnOM
na.\1 npOTHmeHHlI» (IV, J8).
CpaBHIuI 06a OTpLIBI\a. B O,!:(HOM rrpn onncaHIIII Bopu-
crf)ona co0611aeTcH 0 TOM, ITO «CJTII CI\JHI)LI 06UTalOT no oro
6cpora.\! Ha paCCTOHlIIHI AeCHTU AHeii IIJIanaBHH>), a n APY-
I'().\I rOBopnTCH 0 TO.\I, ITO «n CTOPOHY cenepnoro BeTpa ::ITa
aO.\-IJIH npOCTIlpaeTCH ua 0.IJHHHap;l\aTb p;uei'I IIJIaBaIUm Bnepx
no BopHc<peHY». ECJIlr BJUUIaTeJILHO BqIITaTbCH B 3TH OTPLIB-
1m, MLT ymrp;HM, qTO OIUI He npOTIIBOpeqaT APYl' APyry,
a YIWSbIBaIOT P;Ba qYTL-LfYn. pa3HbIX paCCTOHHHH. OAIIlIIIap;-
l\aTb p;Heii IIJIanamIH - :no paCCTOHIme, Ha ROTopoe UpOCTII-
paeTCH CHlHI)cHaH 3eMJIH, a AeCHTL Anell nJIanaHlIH - ::JTO
47

paCCTOfIIJUe, ua JIOTOpOM 0611TalOT CIm(pLI-3CM.IJC!(C.rrhLJ.
1\ rre!OCTalOlluii neBL TIJIaBaJIlUI npnXOJ(HTCH ua rIJJIOIO.
T-Ic06XOJ1,InIO OnIeTIITl" 'ITO H amlJIOrIPIJIOMY BLIllO!(Y npH-
UleJI B CBue npeMH 10. f. BUlIorpagoB, nO.rraraH upn :)1'01\-1,
'1'1'0 ogH.f1IIagaTL glIei.i' TIJIaBaJUIH H311ICpCnM 01' YCThfl [)OpI-
cqJena BBepx no Te'IemIlO, a p,OCHTb 1(JIcii IIJIaBaIIlIII - B 06-
paTIIO:\I I-J anpaB.lJemm, ogHlIlIap;:qaTLIii mc 1(OJIlJ UpIlXOJ].11TCfI
na fIIJIelO. O,L(UaI\O npn6eraTb H TaI\OlIlY J(OnYLqCIHnO lIeT
JumaI\Oii lIe06xoguMocTH, ga II B03l\I01J0I0CTH. H:! nCTO'IUIma
fICIIO CJlep;yeT, '11'0 B 060IIX CJIY'lafIX paCCTOfITIHfl mmcpCUbl
B OnUOM HanpaBJIemHI - BBepx no TO'IOJIlUO: OHHIIuan:qa'fb
!(Heii lI.nanamm OTCQIITalIbl 01' YCTbfI pemI n onpO;'l.e.TIfIlO'f
npOTH<HCIllIOC'fb aellIJIII cI{JH1)On-3eIlIJIO;O.TILl(OB, a J1,eCHTh J(lIcii
TIJIaBaIIllfI YJW3LIBaIOT rpanUl(bI IIX 06I-I'rarnIH, J1,eI1lJ flJIaBa-
TIUfI, IIIJHXOp;HIlInCfI JIa He06uTaoMYIO fllJIOIO, «OIlYIeu».
IIpH Ol1nCaUIIII 130pllclI)OlIa fepOJ1,OT Yl\a3hIllaOT xpmI
60rrmn IIJIOJ(OpOl(IIfI LeIlIeTpbI. Y 'IHTaTe.TIfI cpa3Y me B03-
HHIWlOT BonpOCbl. tho 31'0 aa xpaM? l'1w Oll IHIXO[(II.rrCH? HaJ\
m,I1'.'IH)l,eJI? qTO OH npep;CTaB.IJHeT c060ii ceroJ(lIfl?
OTBOTIITL ua 3TH BOnpOCLJ concelli 110 npOCTO. OUII nO.TIrOO
I!POllIII 6bIJlH npeJ(l\IeTOM O;'!UJBJIOIIUOtl ,D;I1CI\YCCIIII, 110 nH\ II
OCTaJIIICh nepellIeIIIlbnm IW J\OIIa. ITo I'epo,D;OTY, ;}TOT xpaM
naxOnn.TICH na IIlbICY runno.TIafI lIIen,,':(y Bopnc(pOIIOM: II flma-
IIHCOllI. P1J;O me paCnOJIOmeH ca1 IIlbJC I'nl1no.!lafl?
II a'UlIwn C XIX B. :l\IIlOrnc nCCJICJ].OBaTeJIII OTOmJ1,eCTB-
JImOT ]lIbIC fHOnOJIan C COBpellIOIIJIbIllI lIIbJCOM CTanIICJIaB,
paCOO.JIOmeHUbIM l\Iem,lY .D:ucnpoBcHIIM II byrClailll JI IIlIIaII a-
MIL Era IIIOCTOIIOJIOn\eHlIe B 06IeI-To cooTBeTcTByeT gau-
HbIllI fepop;oTa. 3p;ecb Y'IOUble II HCIWJIII xpal\I .D:ellleTpbI.
Bo... HO lIallIJIH. 11 OIl cml lie gaJIII IHmalHiX P03YJIbTaTOB.
Tor,D;a xpalI CTaJIlI HClmTb ne lIa callIOllI IIlbICY CTauIIc,rran,
a B ero or\peCTIIOCTfIX. Ho II 3!(OCh no 6bI.JJ0 mIJ.;aI,HX CJIe-
gOB. B 3TOii cnn3II ll03IIJmaOT Bonpoc. a J\eiic'l BJIT€JIbHO JIH
1I1f>IC CTannCJIan na3hIBaJICH n .o:PCBHOC-TU :\IMCOIlI fUUIIOJJ(IH?
HCCJIeJ1,OB:UOJIII C-TaJIII llJ,ICI-;:a3I,maTL pR3UhIe TO'IIHI 3pOll1lH.
01(1111 COlllUeBaJIIIC-b B npaBHJIbIIOCTJT ::JTOrO oTOtI-\J(eC-TBJIeUHH,
p-pyrne OTCTaIlBa.iIII ero. Tal" lIanpm.-rep, IT. O. l3ypa"moB
oTolli)J;ecTBIIJI C 1III>ICOM rHnno.TIan BOJIOlIlCEYIO l\ocy, pacno-
.TOlliOIlUYIO na npanO:lI 6epery l3yrcI\Oro .JIDIana BLJlIle OJIh-
!>.;'I:l. 8TY TO'U,y apemIH nO;'l.Bepr I,pHTm,G B. B. JlaTLIllIen.
No Bypa-nwB JIaCTaUBaJI lIa CBOGi.i: rriI10Tcae. II ero BhInOJ(bI
nnOBb 6bIJIU COBOpllI€m-IO CllpaBo,J;JIIIBO oTBeprnYTTJI JlaThIlIlo-
!:DIM, TaT, IWI, npe[J;JIaraelIan .TIOEa.TIII3aJJ;IIH npOTIIllOpe'IHJIa
ym!3'!_EfIfDI IICTO'IHIIh:a.
B f'OJreBOeI-IllbIO rOj:(1)I IIa'IaI;Ch llJJanOUCpUbIC apXeOJIO-
4.8

rIPICCIme paanel(H:n II06CpCmhfJ JJ:nenpOnCJW-ByrcIwro JIIIMa-
I1a. BLIJI J(CTaJII,nO 06CJICiJ;OBiHI II MhIC CTaI-IHCJIaB. Ho II na
:HOT paa nOUCIUI nc )J;a.TIII JIIiJRaIUIX peaYJIbTaTOn. Torl(a
CP. M. IUnrrCm'-I\1aII npel(f!OJIOJI\lJJIa, 'ITO XpaM ,lJ.eMeTpbI ObIJI
JlOCTpOen na C3MOii OIWne'IfIOCTII MbICa CT3IIUCJIaB n o6py-
JlTHJICH II JIHM311 B pCaYJIhTaTe IIIITenClfBlIoro pa3MLIBa oe-
pera.
B f!OCJICl(IIne iJ;CCfITIIJICTHH B xOl(e iJ;aJILIICihIIIIX IICCJIel(o-
lIaIIuii: allTIIQllbIX noceJIcJITIji I-hmmero IIooYllibH BHOBb
HCT3JI nOllpoc 0 xpaMC ,[I,eMcTpbI. l\:am:l(oe nOBoe 1I0IWJIeIUIC
nCCJICiJ;On3TCJIeii B03Bpall3eTCfI I{ :noii 33ra)J;I\e II IIbIT3eTCfI
OTI,ICJWTh YHa3aIIJIhIii I'epO}l,OTOM xpall!. OIUlTL rrpUIlIJIOCh
BepnYThCFl H: BOIIPOCY 0 JIOI{aJIII3aI\IUI MhIca I'nnrrOJIaH.
C IIUM OTOml(CCTBJIHJIlI I{aI, MhIC CTaHIICJIaB, TaI{ II COCOlWIIli
MI,IC llyn\'I. 1-10 caMhIe TlI(aTCJILIIbTe 06CJIe)],OBamTfI II B T01\1
II II }l,PyroM I\1eCTe ne )],aJIH nymIlLIx PC3YJIbTaTOB. 3ara)],I\a
OCTaJIaCL nepaCT\phIToii.
J'}l,e mc HCImTh ::nOT 3ara.D:0'IHJ,Tii xpaM? I-t.TIIO'I I{ pa3rap;-
HC JweT naJIeorCorpaqH'IfI. B nopnylO O'lOpe)],L 06paTIII\1CH
BIIOBb I, fCpO)],OTY II BIIIiJMaTeJIhnO nepe'JHTaCM nynHlLJe lIaM
CBC}l,OIlI-lJI: «TaM, rl(e Bopuccpcn TeqeT HeiJ;aJIeIW 01' :MOpfI,
C IIID1 C,TlHJWeTCH I'IInaIII-IC, Blla}l,aH B o)],IIY U TY me 3aBOJb.
I-I aXO;J,mJaHCH lI1Cm;J;y 8TIIMII pm,allm HJIlIII006pa3nafI IIOJIO-
ca 3CMnII na3J,IBaeTCfI 1I1hICOllI fUllnOJIafI; na lIellI B03)],BIIr-
nYT xpaM ,[I,eMoTpr,r. HanpoTlJB xpa:\Ia y I'unalluca JImBYT
60pHccIJCHlI'fI,T» (IV, 53).
BO-HepllLTx, MLTC funnoJIarr, 110 I'epO;J;oTY,- «HJIHnOOO-
pa3lIHH IIOJIOCa 3ClIIJIIU. AnaJIOfIiJllIIYIO xapaI\TCpllCTIII\Y 81'0-
IllY MhICY N1eT 3lIalllClJTITbIii: opaTOp ,[I,lIon XPUCOCTOM, rr06hI-
lIamunii II O.JIbBUII r}1e-TO B IWIIJW I B. II. 9. B cBocii «Bopu-
ClI>cm-ITcIwii POtu!» TIOMUMO lJ,pyrux I\eIIJILIX cBeeHlIi,i OIl
npUBOl(HT I\paii:ne HIITepeCIIOe OIIlIcamre paccMaTpuBacMoro
paiiona: «CJIY'IlIJIOCh MHe JIeTOlll 6LITb B BopncllwIIe, lwr,la
H nOCJIe 1I3rnanHH npUOLIJI Ty)],a I1lOpe1\-l, IIMeH B BIIY, eCJII-I
I1lOiI\HO 6y)],eT, np06paTbCH 'Jepe3 CIU-IcPUlO I\ reTal\l, 'JT06hI
nOCIOTpeTL, '11'0 TalII iJ;CJIaeTCH. JII BOT H B phIIIO'IHLIii 'JaC
nporYJIIIBaJICH no 6epery fnrraHlIca. HaJ].o 3IIaTL. 'ITO. XOTfI
ropo)], IT rrOJIY'IlIJI Ha3BaHIIe 01' Bopnc<pcna BCJIe)1CTBIIe n:pa-
COTLT II BeJIIPIHlIbI 8TOii pemI, no HaI{ IILTHe JIelliUT na fu-
n aIIHce, TaI\ II npelf\iJ;e 6bI.IT BbIcTpoen Talll am IIGMI-IOrO BLIIlle
TaT{ lIaabJRael\10ro I'nnrrOJIacna l\ILICa, na npOTIIBOnOJIOfHIIOIl-I
0'1' noro 6epery. MLIC 8TOT npeiJ;CTaBJIfIeT c060ii OCTpbIii: II
I'PYTOii BIJICTyrr lIIaTepmm B Bnp;e Ropa6eJII>ITOrO noca, OJ\OJIO
J\OToporo CJIIiJBaIOTCH 06e peRn; l(aJIee olIn npC.D:CTaBJIHIOT
J'fHe JIIIMalI BnJIOTh )10 MOpH Ha IIpOf!pKeIIrrn rrO'ITU 200 CTa-
49

AliIeB; II IlIliIpliIHa peR B aTOM MeCTe He MeHee. EOJI:bmaH
"t!aCTb JIIiIMaHa rrpe)J:cTaBJIHeT C060H MeJIII, IiI rrpliI 6e3BeTpliIH
rroBepxHocTb BO)J:bI TaM nOCTOHHHO rJIa)J:Ra, RaR Ra 03epe.
JIliImb C rrpaBOH CTOpORbI saMeTHO Te'IeHIIe BOAbI, IiI nJIbIBY-
Il\liIe C MOpH no Te'IeHIiIIO SaEJIIO'IaIOT 0 rJIYOIiIRe; OTCIO)J:a-TO
peRIiI 1iI3JIliIBaIOTCH B Mope BCJIeACTBliIe CIIJIbI Te'IeRIiIH; BCJIIiI
6bI ero He ObIJIO, BO)J:a JIerRO MOrJIa ObI ObIT:b sa)J:epmaHa
CIiIJIbHbIM IOmHbIM BBTpOM, )J:YIOIl\IiIM B YCTbe.
B OCTaJIbHOH 'IaCTIiI JIIiIMaHa oepera 60JIOTliICTbI IiI nORpbI-
TbI rYCTbIM TPOCTHIiIJ{OM IiI )J:epeBbHMIiI; )J:ame B caMOM JIRI\W-
He BIiI)J:HO iRoro )J:epeBbeB, 1iI3)J:aJIIiI noxomrrx Ha Ma'ITbI, TaR
'ITO HeonbITRbIe Ropa6eJIbIl\HRIiI omliIoaIOTCH, npaBH R HIiIM,
RaR ObI R ROpaOJIHM. 3)J:ecb BCTb TaRme MHorO COJIIiI, [i[ OT-
cIO)J:a nOJIY'IaeT ee nORymwH 60JIbmliIHCTBo BapBapoB, a TaR-
me 3JIJIHHbI II CImWbI, mliIBYIl\rre Ha TaBpliI'IeCROM rrOJIyocT-
pOBe. PeRII Bna)J:aIOT B Mope Y YRpenJIeHIiIH AJIeRTOpa, npliI-
IIa)J:JIemaII(')ro, RaI{ rOBopHT, cynpyre IJ,apH CaBp01\1aTOB»
(XXXVI, 2).
HaR MbI BIiI)J:IIM, Y )J)wHa XpliIcocToMa MbIC rliIrrnOJIaH-
81'0 «OCTpbIH IiI RPYTOH BbIcTyn MaTepliIRa B BIiI)J:e Ropa6eJI:b-
HorO HOCa». TaRM xapaRTepRcTliIIm rrOJIHOCTbIO nO)J:TBepm)J:a-
eT onpe)J:eJIeHliIe repO)J:OTa - «RJIRR006pa3HaH nOJIOca 3eM-
JIIiI}}. A HbIHelliHIiIH MbIC CTaRIiICJIaB HliIlmR He COOTBeTcTByeT
npIIBe)J:8HHbIM: onliIcaRIiIHM. 8TO - OOJII,mOH, BblcTynaIOIl\IiIH B
JIHMaR MbIC, 06pa30BaHHbIH [i[3rIiIOOM oeperOBOH JIIiIHHIiI, 01'-
HIO)J:b He TaROH ym RJIliIHOOOpa3HbIH H He noxomliIH Ha RO-
pa6eJIbHbIH HOC.
BO-BTOpbIX, H Y repop:OTa, IiI y AIiIOHa XpliICOCTOMa fHn-
rrOJIaeB MbIC Haxop:IITCH Memp:y peR a M IiI. BopliIcweH [i[
rliInaRliIc o6pa3YIOT aTOT M:bIC, HIIme ero CJIIIBaIOTCH )J:pyr C
p:pyroM [i[ Bnap:aIOT B 06Il\HH JIIiIMaH. A MbIC CTaH[i[CJIaB OMbI-
BaeTCH BO)J:aMIiI TOJIbRO AHenpoBclwro JIRMaHa. HpoMe TOro,
AHenp IiI IOmHbIH Byr B HaCTOHIl\ee BpeMH He cmmaIOTCH
p:pyr C p:pyroM, a Bnap:aIOT COOTBeTCTBeHHO B AHenpOBCImH
H EyrCI{[i[H JIIiIMaHbI, IWTopbIe 06pa3YIOT Op:HH OOIl\HH )J;Herr-
pOBcRo-ByrcRHH JIHMaH.
Bce 3TH HeCOOTBeTCTBHH nORa3bIBaIOT, 'ITO 3a rrpomep:-
liHe 2,5 TbIC. JIeT oeperoBaH JIHHIIH B paccMaTpRBaeMoM
paHORe CYIl\eCTBeRHO [i[3MeHHJIaCb. )J;eJIO B TOM, 'ITO BpeMeHa
repop:OTa rrpHxop:HTCH Ha rrHR TaR Ha3bIBaeMOH waHaropMH-
CROH perpeCCHH qepHoro MOpH. YponeHb MOpH Tor)J:a ObIJI
HHme COBpeMeHHoro RaE MHHHMYM Ha 5 M. II03ToMY 6epero-
BaH JIHRHH B MeJIROBOp:HbIX paHoHax BbIrJIHp:eJIa B p:eTaJIHX
IIHa"Ie.
qTO me npe)J:CTaBJIHJI C060H BO BTOpOH IIOJIOBIIRe .I TbI-
50

CflqeJIeTlifl P;O R. B. paMOII COBpeMeHrIOrO ,[.(RenpOBcIw-Byr-
CROrO'JULM3Ha? l\.oMnJIeI{cHoe H3yqemre IIHChMeRRhIX, apxeo-
JIOrlPWCRIIX II naJIeoreOrpaWHqeCImX p;aHHhIX, rrpopaOOTRa
RpyrrHollmcDITaOHbIX oaTHMeTpWIeClmx RapT, a TaRme rraJIeo-
reorpawnqeCRHX ImpT C YRa3aHHeM p;peBRHX pyceJI L(Herrpa
H IO,HHoro Byra p;aJIII B03MomHOCTb rrOCTpOHTb CXeMaTWIe-
CI{YIO pOHOHCTPYInJ;HIO oeperOBOM JIHHHH paMOHa.
OCHOBHbIe nOJIOmeHHfl nOJIyqeRHOM naJIeoreOrpaWHqe-
CIWM p8IWHcTpymIm CBOP;flTCfl I{ CJIep;yIO ID;e MY. COBpeMeu-
HhIX ,lJ,nerrpoBClwro II ByrcRoro JUIMaHOB Torp;a He cym:e-
CTBOBaJIO. ITo HX J(OJIHHaM rrpOT8ImJIH COOTBeTCTBeHHO L(nenp
II IO'HHbIM Byr. ITpIIMepHO B cpep:HeM qaCTH COBpeMeHHoro
,I(Henpo-ByrcRoro JIHMaHa peRH CJIIIBaJIHCh H 3aTeM Bnap;aJIH
B 06r[(I1M JIHMalI, YCTbe IWToporo RaXOp;nJIOCb y OqaROBCRoro
Mhlca, T. e. TaM me, rp;e H cerop;lIfl. 01' RopelIRoro oepera
Me,HP;Y peRaMH }:\JII1lIRbIM BbICORHM Y3ImM RJIHIIOM BhITfllIYJI-
Cfl R MeCTY IIX CJIHflHHfl MbIC fHrrrrOJIafl. Ha ero OROHeqnO-
CTII II HaXOp;HJICfl xp_aM J].eMeTpbI.
B pe3YJIbTaTe IIOBhIilleHHfl ypOBHfl MOpfl B rr03p:HeaHTHQ-
Hoe - cpep;HeBeIWBoe BpeMfl P;OJIHHbI ,[.(Herrpa H IOmHoro
Byra rrOCTerreRHO 6LIJI[i[ 3aTOrrJIeHbI. HaqaJIoch HHTeHCMBuoe
pa3pymeHHe IwpeHHbIx 6eperoB. He 060illJIa ::na yqaCTb H
fMrrrrOJIaeB MbIC. MeTp 3a MeTpOM rrepeMaJIbIBaJIH BOJIHbI STY
Y3RYIO £IOJIOCHY cyrrIH, 6e3maJIOCTHO YHHqTomafl Bce, '11'0 TaM
H3XOP;I1JIOCh. Tal{ 6bIJI pa3pYilleH H PYXHYJI B JIliMaH xpaM
J].eMeTpbI. Ero pa3BaJIHRbI pa30pocaRbI Ha p;He JII1MaHa H
rrepeHpI>ITbI CJIOeM COBpeMeHHbIX ocap;ROB.
fp;e me HCII:aTb OCTaTIm paspymeHHoro xpaMa? ITpHMep-
HLIll opneHTHp p:aeT HaM J].HOR XPHCOCTOM. COrJIaCHO ero
coo6ID;eIIHIO, p;peBIIHM JIHMaH paCRHHYJICfl rrOqTII Ha 200 CTa-
p;HeB, a y BepillHHbI JIHMaHa Haxop:HJICfl MbIC fHIIrrOJIafl. Ka-
ROM HMeHHO CTap;MM sp:ech HCrrOJIh30BaH, MbI He 3HaeM. I10-
8TOMY B03bMeM P;JIfl paC'IeTOB caMbIM ROpOTRHM H CaMbIH
P;JI[i[HHbIM cTap;MM- 150 M H 210 M. OTcIOp;a nOJIyqHM, qTO
BepillMHa p;peBHerO JIIIMaHa, a CJIep;OBaTeJIhRO, H MbIC fHrrrro-
JIafl RaXOp;HJIHCb rrpliMepHO B 30-42 RM I{ BOCTOI{Y 01' O'Ia-
IWBCIwro MbIca. Y TOl:J:HHTh STY HWPY rrOMoraIOT rraJIeoreo-
rpaWH'I8CRHe RapTbI. ITo HMeIOID;HMCfl P;aRHbIM, pYCJIa BOPH-
cweRa H fHrraHHca CJIHBaJIIICh rrpHMepHO B 30-32 RM BO-
CTOqHee OqaROBCIwro Mblca. BepoflTHee Bcero, HCTOqRHI{
J].HoHa XpHcocToMa rrOJIh30BaJICfl CTap;HeM B 157 M - HaHoo-
JIee pacrrpOCTpaHeHHbIM CTap:neM, ROTOpbIM HSMepeHO rrop;aB-
JIflIOm:ee 60JIbillHHCTBO paccToflHIIM Ra IToHTe 8BIWMHCROM.
TaRHM 06pa30M, xpaM J].eMeTphI CJIep;yeT HCHaTh rrpHMepHo B
30-32 HM R BOCTOIW 01' O'IaoBclwro MbIca. O'J,'cIOp:a AO MbIca
51

 ":""
"':,:":::. 1
82
P II C. 5. CXCM8TIl'lCCK8H nancol'col'paq:,M'!CcKaH peKQHcTPYKl:\lUI paiiona IJ;lle-
llPoBcKq-EyrcKol'o .IIHMaIl3 lJ..IIH BTOpoii llonOBHIILI I TbIC. lJ.O H. a.
1 - cOBpeMcnnaH 6eperoBafi JIMHIIH; it - npHMepHLle FOHTypLl ApeBnero JII'I-
MaHa; 3 - aaTOnJIeHHHe HLlHe ApeBHlle PycJIa Bopllcq:,ena ,O:(Henpa) II 1'11-
n8IinCa (lOmHoro Byra)
CTaHIICJIaB e[[(e 12-14 RM. .HHbIMH CJIOBaJ\UI, paapymeHHbln
JIMMaHOM RJIHil RopeHHoro 6epera Memp;y EOpHCtPeHoM II
fHnaHIIcoM paBHHJICR npMMepUD 12-14 RM. Ha OCTaJIbHbIX
Y'IaCTRax JIHM8.H npOCTO 3aTOnHJI P;OJIHHbI 3THX peR. 3aTeM
yme B pe3YJIbTaTe a6pa3HH, YC[i[JIMBmenCH B nOCJIep;HHe CTO-
JIeTHH, HaqaJIOCb [i[I-fTeUCHBHoe pa3pymeHH8 RopeHHbIX 6e-
perOB Ha BceM rr06epembe 06mHpHoro ,I:(HenpoBcRo- ByrcRoro
JIMMaHa (pRC. 5).
TaKoBa B 06IT(HX qepTaX npep;JIaraeMafl rraJIeoreorpawu-
'IeCImfl peROHCTpYR[(Hfl II JIORaJIH3a:[(Hfl xpaMa ,I:(eM8TpbI.
Pa3YMeeTcfl, HeIWTOpbIe rrOJIomeHIIfl OCTaIOTCfl rHrrOT8TH'IHbI-
MH H Tpe6YIOT p;aJIbHenmeM aprYMeHTaD;HH H YTO'IHeHllM. Ho
OCHOBHLIe BLIBO,D,bI rrpe,D,CTaBJUlIOTCfl p;OCTaTO'lHO y6e,D,HTeJIb-
HbIMH yme Ha :3T01'I CTap;HH pa3pa60TInI. IIoCJI8p;u88 CJIOBO
3p;8CJ> 3a rrogBop;HbIM[i[ apxeOJIOrWI8CRHMH HCCJIegoBaHHHMH C
rrOMOIIJ;bIO rllgpOJIOImTOpa, amelnopa II HOBenmen arrrrapaTY-
pbI gJIfl TaRoro pop;a pa60T. EY,D,eM Hap;8flTbcfl, 'ITO B CROpOM
6Y,D,YIT(eM OHll rrpIIHecYT CROH pe3YJIbTaTbI.
BepHeMCH, O,D,HaRo, R CBe,D,eHHHM repOP;oT3 0 ClnIWCRHX
peRax [i[ rrpOp;OJImHM 3HaIWMCTBO C paMoHoM MHerrpoBCRO-
EyrcRor6 JIHMaHa. IIocJIe fHrraHHca H BopHcweHa fepop;OT
yKa3bIBaeT peRY rIaHTHRarr: «06 8THX peRax p;OCTaTO'IHO.
A rrOCJIe HMX - P;PyraH peRa, IIflTafl, Ha3BaHHe ROTOpOM l1aH-
THlmrr. Te'leT OH TaKme C caBepa [i[ H3 03epa, a rrocpegHH8
Mem,D,y HHM l'I BopHc.peHOM 06HTaIOT CKHWbI-3eMJIep;eJIbD;bI;
BTeRaeT me OH B fMJIeIO, a MMHOBaB ee, coegl'lHfIeTcfl c Bo-
pHCWenOM» [IV, 54].
117aK, flwiTurr.an. KaRoM me rrpHToR MH,eupa Ha3bIBaJICH
&THMj-IMeneM? :::hoT Borrpoc p;oJII'oe npeMH BbI3bIBaeT omHB-
5

JIeHHble CnopbI HCCJIeJJ:OBaTeJIen: II )];0 CHX nop He peIIIeH.
)J;eJIO B TOM, 'lITO onHcaHlilIO HCTO'lIIIHlW He COOTBeTcTByeT HH
OJJ:MH JIeBhIM npHTOI )J;Herrpa. no 3TOMY rrOBOJJ:Y Y'leHbIe
HblCRa3bIB3JIH caMble pa3JIH'IHbTe MHeHHH.
HaH60JIbIIIee pacrrpOCTpaHelIHe rrOJIY'lIHJIM cJIeJJ:YIOm:He
JJ:Be TO'lI.KH 3peHHH. OP;HH Y"IeHble OTomJJ:eCTBJIflIOT IIaHTHIarr
C KommM, JIeBbIM riPHTOIWM IHerrpa. ,[.(pyrHe HCCJIep;OB3Te-
JIH C'lIHTaI01' B03MOJ-InIbIM OTOmp;eCTBHTb IIaHTHRan C I1HrYJIb-
r(OM, npaBblM npHTOlwM J(nerrpa. BbIClw3aHbl [i[ IHlbIe TO'lIRH
3peHHH. Ho HH OJJ:lIa 113 !THX peqeR He OTBe'lIae1' Heo6xop;H-
1'.1:&11'.1 Tpe60BamUIM.
JIOl<aJ1M3ar(HH DaIITMImrra QCTaeTCH OP;HOM H3 saraJJ:OR
reOrpaWlIJif ClnIWH11. i:hOT CJlO/IUU>IM, sanYTaIIHl>JM Bonpoc
iI\JJ:e1' CBoero HCCJIeJJ:OBaTeJIH.
)J;aJIoe rOpOJJ:OT co06m:aeT: «111ecTa.ll peIm - fMnaRIIpHC,
IWTopaH, YCTpeMJIHHCb H3 03epa [i[ npOTeRaH rrOCpep;HIIe 06-
JIaC1'H Cl\HWOB-IW 1 10BHHIWB, BIJaJJ:aeT B Mope 6JIHS ropo)];a
HaIJRHHHTI1JJ:bI, narrpaBo OT ce6H OC1'3BJIHH fMJIeIO M TaR Ha-
SLIBaeMMM AXHJIJIOB oer» (IV, 55). '
run{uupUC 'lIaIJJ,e Bcero OTomp;eC1'BJIHIOT C perwM H'aJIan-
'lIaR, IWTopaH Bna)\aeT B I{apl\HnH1'CI\[i[M SaJ1HB. Ho 3Ta TO'lIIm
3pemifH He HBJIHeTCH oonJ,errpHHHTOM. HeIWTopble nCCJIeJJ:OBa-
TeJIM BHJJ:HT n rHnarm:pHce osepo )J,OHYSJIaB, pacnOJIOmeHHOe
B 30 IM ceBepo-sanap;noe EBIJaTOpHH. EJJ:HHoro <MHeHHH Ha
81'01' C'lIOT rrORa HeT.
3aTeM «OTe:q IICTOPMH)} YRa3bIBaeT: «Cep;bMaH pOIm-
fepp - OTBeTBJIHe1'Cfl 01' BOpHCWOfIa B TOM MeCTe 3TOM CTpa-
Hbl, JJ:O ROToporo PYCJIO BopHcweHa IISBOCTHO. OTBOTBJIHeTCH
OHa B ::nOM CTpaHe, a HaSBaHHe [i[MeeT TO me, 'lITO H C3Ma
CTpaR3,- repp. IIpOTeImH R 1'.101'10, OHa paSp;eJIHe1' 06JIaC1'b
IW'lIOBHIIROB II 06JI3CTb lJ,apCRHX CRlIWOB, BfJap;aeT me B rH-
naKl4pHC» (IV, 56).
PeIm fepp T3EiI\O He HaIIIJIa em:e CBOOI'O MOCTa r-Ja COBpe-
MORHOM roorpaWHlIeCROM KapTe. STOT Bonpoc JJ:OJII'oe BpeMH
BblSbIB3'JI, rrOmaJIYM, caMbre 6ypHble crropb1 cneIJ,H3JIHCTOB no
JIOIamI3ar(HH peI repOJJ:OTOBOil CImWHIi£. I1CCJIOp;OBaTeJIH Bbl-
CIHI.3bIB3mI caMbIe paSJIH'lIHble TO'lIRH 3peHMH. HaHOOJIee rro-
rrYJIHpIIbl JJ:Be I'HnOT03bI.
OJJ:HU Y'lIOH:&IO oTomp;eCTBJIHIOT fepp C p. Homwil, )];PY-
rIife - C p. MOJIO'lIHOM. 06e TO'lIInif spemIH HMeIOT RaR CHJIJ>-
HbIe, TaR 11 CJIaObIe CTOpOHbI. STOT Bonpoc TaRme OCTaeTCH
rrORa O)];I-IOll HS Sara)];OR reorpaWHH CRHWHII.
TaRHM 06pa30M, Borrpoc 0 JIORaJIHsaU:HIiI Tpex 'pe'lIeR-
ITaHTHKarra, rHrraRHplica H feppa - npeJJ:CTaBJIHeT c060il
O)];HH; TeCnO nepenJIereHHbIM sarap;O'lIHblH: Imy60K M pemaTb
53

ero He06xoAMMO B ROMllJHmCe, T. e. .1I0Ra.lIVI30BaTI, Bce TpVI
pe<mVI, a He" RaRyIO-To OP:HY. TOJII,IW B TarWM CJIy-.:rae rrOJIY-
'ECUUbIe BbIBOp:bI 6YP:YT 3By-.:raTb BeCRO VI y6eP:VITeJII,UO. 3p:ecI,
Ba}RIIa nOJIHafl RapTVIIIa nOVICIWB Bcex Tpex pe-.:rCR B Op:HOM
CneI\IIaJII,HOM VICCJIep:OBaUMVI. 11 ROHe'IRO me, TyT He OOOM-
THCI, 6e3 IIIHpORoro rrpVIBJIe'IeHHfl naJIeoreorpacpVI'IeCRHX p:arr-
UbIX. Bep:1, B paCCMaTpVIBaeMOM pernOHe npOH30111JIH cep1,e3-
IlLIC H3MeHeHHH oeperOB, He y-.:rHTLIBaT1, ROTOp1,Ie aOCOJIIOTrrO
HeJI1,3H.
3p:ecI, He MeCTO P:JIH pemeHHH 3Toro CJIOlliHOrO Bonpoca.
OH Tpe6yeT p:eTaJI1,HOrO paCCMOTpCH1:Ifl 60JIbmOrO ROJIM'IeCTHa
pa3JIH-.:rHf>IX p:aHH1,lx, TIl(aTeJI1,HOro aIIaJIH3a [iI OOCTOflTeJIMIOll:
aprYMeHTaI\HH. Cp:eJIaT1, :1T0 MOlliHO B cTaTLe, caeI\HaJIl"HO
IlOCBHIl\eHHOM YRa3auHoM rrpOOJICMe. OCTaeTcH Hap:eHT1,CH,
'11'0 B CROpOM OYP:YIl\eM R1'O-TO 113 I1ccJIep:oBaTeJIeli B03I,MeTCH
pa3rap:aTb 3TY p:aBHIOIO TaMHY. Bep:b 01' Hee 3aBIlCHT M JIOlm-
JIH3an;UH cIUIcpcmlx lIJIeMeH.
IIocJIe DTHX 3aralJ;O'IH1,IX peI{ fepoP:oT COBceM RpaTI{O
OIIHCJ>IBaeT peRY TaHaHC - COBpeMeHHI,IM )J;OII: «BOCI,Mafl
peIm - TmeIaMC, ROTopaH Te-.:reT cBepxy, YCTpeM.lIHHCI, H3
60JIbmOrO 03epa, BIIap:aeT me B eIl\e 60JII,Illee 03epo, Ha3bI-
BaeMO MeOTHMCImM, ROTopoe pa3p:eJIHeT I\apCImX CRHtPOB M
caBpOMa1'OB. B 31'01' TaHaHC BIIap:aeT p:pyraH peRa, Ha3BaHHe
lWTOpOM fnprnc)} (IV, 57).
KaR MLI BII}J;JiIM, rrorpaHH-.:rHaH c1UI<pcRaH peua TaHaHC
oxapawrepH30BaHa BeC1,Ma CI{yrro. BMp:HMO, fepOP:OT He pac-
IIOJlaraJI p:ocTaTo'IH1,IMM cBep:eHHHMH.
TaHRnc OObI-.:rHO oTomp:ecTBJIflIOT C cOBpeMeHHI>I.M JJ:OHOM.
Ho HeRoTopbre HCCJIeJ.(OBaTeJIJiI c-.:rHTaI01', qTO 13 p:peBHocTH
BepxHeM -.:rac1'1,IO TaHaHca c-.:rMTaJICH He JJ:OH, a CeBepcrmM
):(oHeI\. Tar{ '11'0 31'01' BOilpOC Tar{me Tpe6yeT CneI\HaJIbHOrO
,paCCMOTpeHMH. C HMM CBH3aHa VI JIOImJIH3an;Hfl perm fHprnc,
B ROTOpOM BHp:HT 061,r-.:rHo CeBepCr{M.H ):(OHen;.
TaRUM 06pa30M, M1,l rr03IIaROMJiIJIHCf, co cBep:eHHHMJiI fe-
pop:OTa 0 CRH<pcrm:x permx. 3AecI" RaR Heop:HoRpaTHo rOBopH-
JIOCI" eIl\e p:ocTaTo-.:rHo MHoro Heperuemrbrx rrpOOJIeM, HHTe-
pecHbIx, p:ame 3arap:0-.:rHbIx BonpocoB, IWTopbre lliP:YT CBonx
HCCJIep;OBaTeJIen.
54

PacceJIeuue fiJIeMeH
II HapOp;OB
nORanfi3aHH YRa3aHHNX repOOTOM CKnCRnX nneMeH Ha
COBpeMeHHOM apxeOnOrH'leCIWM RapTe - OHa H3 Han60JIee
CJIOmHbIX 3aa'l COBpeMeHHoro CRHqJOBeeHHfl. 8Ta npOOJIeMa
paCCMaTpHBaeTCfl yme He OHO eCfl'rHneTHe, HO I{ eHHOMY
MHeHHIO MCCJIeOBaTemi[ O CHX rrop He rrpHiliJIH. OTHOCIITeJII>-
HO pamwero;eHHfl HeIWTopbIX rrneMeH HMeIOTCH 3HaIJ:HTeJIbHbIe
pacxomeHHfl.
He TaI{ )JaBHO E. A. PN6aIwB corrOCTaBHJI H 'l'II(aTeJIbHO
rrpOaHaJIM3HpOBan HMeIOII(HeCH RapTbI CmlqJHH, COCTaBneH-
Hble M. 11. ApTaMoHoBbIM, A. II. CMMpHOBbIM, E. H. fpaRo-
BLIM, B. A. MJIbHHCROM H A. M. TepeHomImHbIM, H Ha OCHO-
Be IlIMpORoro rrpMBJIe'IeHHfl HOB oro MaTepHana npenorKHn
CBOM BapnanT ImpTbI [95, c. 191]. 8m ImpTa BbI3BRJIa pe3-
RYIO, B pHe cnY'IaeB aOCOJIIOTHO crrpaBeJIHBYIO, BrrOJIHe yoe-
HTenbHYIO RpnTMI{Y co CTOpOHbI A. M. TepeHomRHHa. B CBO-
eM peu:eH3Ii!Ii! Ha ImHry E. A. PbIoaIwBa, BbIIlIeIlIeM rro-
cMepTHo B CoopHHKe «CRMqJbI CeBepHoro IIpH'IepHOMopbfl»,
A. M. TepeHomImH rrO'IepRHyn, 'ITO Kapry E. A. P:bIOaIWBa
rrpHHHTb HeB03MomHO [96, c. 12].
OeIIIi!Bafl COBpeMeHHoe COCTOflHHe rrp06neMbI, A. M. Te-
peHomKHH OTMeTHJI, 'ITO Han60nee eMcTBeHHoM H- rrepCneI{-
THBHOM OCTaerCH ImpTa, orryommoBaHHafl B. H. fpaIwBbIM
B 1947 1'., 'ITO HMeHHO OHa B CBoeM ocnOBe IlIHpOIW Hcrronb-
3yeTcH B. A. MJIbHHCKOM Ii! A. II. TepeHomImHbIM [96,
c. 11].
R'aR me pa3MeII(eHbI CImqJcmm nneMeHa H HX coceH y
caMoro repOOTa? 06paTHMCH R ero naROHM'IHbIM, HHOI'a-
COBceM CYXIIM CBe}J,8HMHM.
PaCCRa3aB 0 MHqJax M HCTOpM'IeCImX rrpeaHHHX OTHOCH-
TeJlbHO rrpOHcxomeHHH CRHOB, repOOT rrepeXOHT R orrH-
caHHIO caMOH CImqmH. IIpeBapMTeJIbHO OH OTMe'IaeT:
«l-IHRTO TO'IHO He 3HaeT, 'ITO HaXOHTCH BbIIlIe CTpaHN,
o ROTOpOM Ha'IaTO no nOBeCTBOBaHHe. Y MeHH ame HeT
IJ03MOmHOCTH paccrrpOCHTb ROrO-JIMOO, I{TO YTBepmaJI ObI,
'ITO 3HaeT 3TO RaR O'IeBMen;. M ame ApHCTeM, 0 ROTOpOM
H ynOJ\oIHHYJI He3aonro rrepep; aTHM, ame OH B CBOHX CTH-
xax YTBepman, 'ITa OIlIeJI He anbilie HcceOHOB, HO 0 TOM,
'1TO HaXOMTCfl BbIIIIe, OH paCCRa3an no CJIyxaM, rOBopfl, 'ITO
8TO paCCRa3J>IBaIOT McceOHbI. Ho TO, 'ITO MbI CMOrJIn RaR
MOmHO oonee TO'IHO BbIHCHIITb no cnyxaM, - Bce no 6yeT
J13JIOmeHO» (IV, 16).
55

.Iii na'HmaeTCH HHTepeeHeIImee, OqeH.b YBJIeImTeJI.bHOe,
MeCTaMM npoeTO SaXBaT.bIBaIOIl\ee rrOBeCTBOBaHMe.
LIWraTeJI.b cpasy iRe rronap;aeT B caMYIO cepep;MHY rrpM-
J\10peIWII qaCTM CImcpMM - YCT.be BopMCtPeHa: «OT raBaHM
oopMccpeHMTOB (OHa Bep;.b Haxop;MTCH B eaMOII cepep;MHe no-
6epeiR.bH BceII CRMWMM) - OT Hee rrepB.bIMM mMBYT RaJIJIM-
IUrp:.bI, IWTopble HBJIHIOTCH 3JIJIMHO-CRMcpaMM; Hap: HMMM-
PPyroe rrJIeMH, ROTopoe RaSbIBaeTCH aJIMSOHbI. .H OHM,
Ii! I\aJIJIIUIHP;bI BO Beex OCTaJI.bHbIX saRHTIIRX nop;OOHbI CRM-
tPaM, HO B OTJIM'me OT HMX XJIeo OHM H ceIOT, M ep;HT, a TaR-
me JIYI, qeeHOR, qeqeBMJ1Y M npoeo.
Hap; ammOIIaMM wamYT clmWbI-naxapM, IWTOp.bIe eeIOT
XJIeo He P;JIH eOOCTBeRHoro nOTpe6JIeHMH, a P;JIH rrpop;amM.
I3bIme 3TMX mHBYT HeBpbI, a Hap; HeBpaMII - SeMJIH, oopa-
Il\eIIllaH R ceBepROMY BeTpy, Ha BceM MSBeCTROM HaM npo-
THmeHRM 6e3JIIOp;Ha. i:ho nJIeMeHa, OOMTaIOIIJ;Me BP;OJI.b no Te
qeHUIO peRM funaHMca, R sanap;y OT EopMCtPeHa» (IV, 17).
.HTaR, eaeaHb 6opucifwHuToe. qTO 3TO sa nYHRT? 8TOT
Bonpoc yme MHoro p;eCRTMJIeTMII BbISbIBaeT OmMBJIeHH.bIe p;Me-
RYCCMII II p;o CMX nop eIl\e He pemeH. AeJIo B TOM, qTO B
YRasaHHOM paIIOHe BO BpeMeHa fepop;OTa CYIl\eCTBOBamr p;Ba
RpynHbIx p;peBHerpeqeCRRX qeHTpa: nOCeJIeHIie Ha COBpeMeH-
110M OCTpOBe BepesaHb M ropop; OJI.bBMH. BepesaHcRoe noce-
JleHMe - RaMOOJIee paHHee p;peBHerpeqeCROe rrOCeJIeHMe B
CeBepHOM TIpMqepHOMOp.be. IIepBbIe noceJIeHD;bI IIOHBMJIHCb
SAec.b B 645/644 r. p;o H. 3.
qTO me rrpep;CTaBJIHeT eOOOII OCTpOB BepeSaH.b? 8TO-
IIeoom:,moII mmJIMCTbIII RJIOqOR cymu: RmmooopasHOII tPOPM.bI.
Ero HaR60JI.bIlIaH p;JIMHa - OIWJIO 900 M, Hauoom:,rnaH rnM-
pIma, B ceBepHoH 'IaCTU,- OIWJIO 600 M.
COBpeMeHHbIe IICCJIep;OBaTeJIJiI p;OJIroe BpeMH Sap;aBaJIMCb
BonpocoM 0 TOM, RaR MormI CYIl\eeTBOBaTb p;peBHIie rpeRM
Ha aTOM nHTaqIW 6es BOp;bI, mIOp;opop;HOII 3 eJlrIJI M, nap;emHOII
CER3M C MaTepMIWM II T. p;. B03MomHO JIM HOpMaJIbHOe ey-
Il\eCTBOBa:HMe B TaKIiX YCJIOBfIHX?!
OTBeT Ha 3TOT Bonpoc p;aJIa rraJIeoreorpatPIIH. OImSaJIOCb,
'ITO B p;peBHerpeqeCImII nepIifOp;, Rorp;a ypOBeHb nOHTa 8BR-
CIifHCI{OrO ObIJI Hume eOBpeMeI-IHOrO MIifHHM)'M Ha5 M, Bepe-
saHb 6.bIJIa He OCTpOBOM, a nOJIYOCTPOBOM. 8TO 6bIJI p;aJIeIW
B.blp;aIOIl\HIICH B :Mope M.bIC Y npaJJOro 6epera YC'l'bH Eepe3aH
CIwro JIMMaHa, OImHqMBaroIIJ;J!!IIcH BbICOImM RaMeHHCTbIM
OC,Ta:HIWM.
Y OIWHeqHOCTM M.bICa II OOOCHOBaJIIifCb nepBble rrepece-'
JIeHD;.bI IifB p;aJIeIWII 8JIJI3.P;.bI. MecTo 6 p IJIO iIC(JBceNr yp;ooJ:Ioe,
'i-W- 6oJIee6e30IlacHoe. BOHCb BOS,M{)}!UlbIX 'CT:b!qeJt 00 CRMWa-
5tJ

:MM, rpeRM lIa nepBbIX nopax CTapaJIFICh CeJIFITbCH TaM, I'JJ;e
6bIJIO JIer'Ie 3arqIIJl:(aTbcH 01' HanaJJ;eHHM co CTOpOHH cymFI.
Bep:h rpeRo-cIHIWCRHC OTHornCHHH 3I1aJIH H BpcMeHa MHpHO
1'0 p:06pococeAcTB8, H nepMop:bI O}ImCTO'IeIlHoM Bpam)];bI C
HpOBOnpOJIllTlIbIMM Cpa}I,elIMHMM.
A n03P:nee B pe3YJIhTaTe nOBbImelIUH ypOBHH MOpU Ha-
qaJIOCb HHTeHCIilBlIoe paapymelIMe Bepe3aHcRoro MhIca. Mop-
CRHe BOJIHbI MeTp 3a MeTpOM rrepeMaJIbIBaJIM HaH60JIee CJIa-
6yIO, rJIHHMCTYIO 'IaCTh IIOJIyocTpoBa. TaR RaMeHllcTbIM OCTa-
rre 6bIJI oTpe3arr 01' H:opeHHoro 6epera M npeBpaTMJICU 11
OCTpOB. Bce 81'0 rrpOH30mJIO, BU)];MMO, B nepBble CTOJIeTHH
DarneM 3pb!. .D:JIH 60JIee TO'LHOM p:aTHpOBIm rrORa HeT Heo6xo-
p:HMbIX p:aHIIJ>Ix.
IIepBOIIOCeJIenbI, ROHe'IIIO, He orqyIIJ;aJIH ImRHX-JIII60
cephe3HbIX n:OCJIep:CTBliIi rraJIeoreOrpaWII'IeCRIiJX M3MeHenn:M:.
lIo B rrOCJIep:YIOIIJ;Me CTOJIeTHH CTaHOBMJII21Ch Bce 3aMeTHee II
OIIJ;YTHMee rrOCJIep:CTBHH HacTyrrJIeHHH MOpH Ha cyrny. Pa3-
rymaJIHCh 6epera, rrop:TaIIJIIIBaJIllCh IIpMopemHbIC paMolIbI,
rropTOBble coopymeIIIIH, yxyp:rnaJIHCb YCJIDBIUI cyp:OXO)];CTBa.
Terrepb HeMHoro 06 OJIbBIIM. IIocJIe OCHOBaIIHH Eepe3aH-
CRoro rrOCeJIeHHH rpmm yrrpO'IMJIH CBoe nOJIOJI\eHHe B paMOHe
.D:HenpoBclw-ByrCIwro JIMMaHa U CT8JIll rrOCTerreHHO OCBaII-
BaTb STy TeppHTopMIO. TaR, BHp:HMO, Ha py6en{e VII-VI BB.
p:o H. 3. Ha npaBOM 6epery Byrclwro JIHMaHa B 36 RM Bume
O'IaIWBa 6bIJI OCHOBaH ropop: OJIbBMH, T. e. «C'IaCTJIHBaH»,
CTaBmHII Op:HUM U3 Hau60JIee I{pyrrHblx aHTH'IHbIX IWHTpDB
IIpll'IepHoMopbH. OJIbBMH Ha3bIBaJIaCb TaI{1J{e BopHcweHoM.
3m na3BaHMe BCTpe'IaeTCH Ii y fepop:oTa, U y HeROTDpbIX
)];pyrHx p;peBHHX aBTopOB. «OTe HC'fOpIIII», paCCRa3bIBaH 0
Tparep;llll CRH.pcRoro apH Cr{IIJIa, llMeHyeT OJIbBHIO Boprrc.-
cpeHDM, a TaI{me I'OpOP;OM oopHcweHHToB.
TaI{ RalwM me rryHRT fepO)];OT Ila3bIBaeT raBaHI>IO 6opuc,-
W8HMTOB? OP;HH Y'I8HbIe BMP;HT 3p;eCh Eepe3aHb, p;pyrHe-
OJIbBMIO. IIepBYIO TO'IRY 3peHHH HaM60JIee rrOJIHO 060CHOBaJI
10. f. B[i[HOrpa):\oB, BTOPYIO - II. O. KapblrnRoBCImM. OP;MR
113 OCH,OBHbIX MOMeHTOB 31'01'0 crropa CBOP;llTCH I{ TOMY, Mom-
HO JIM C'IMTaTb OJIbBMIO caMbIM Cpep;ll.HHbIM nYHI{TOM rrooe-
pemh.H CRHWHM MJIll HeJIh3H. n. O. KapbIIIIIWBCRMM OTBeqaeT
Ha 31'01' BOIIpOC nOJIOmMT8JIhHO. OH C'IHTaeT, '11'0 R OJIbBllII
BIIOJIHe IIpHMeHMMO TaRoe onpep:eJIeHHe II '11'0 HMeHHO ee fe-
1'Op:OT II83bIBaeT raBaHhIO oopHcweHIITOB.
ro. T. BHHorpap;oB OTBepraeT 31'01' BbIBOp; H nOJIarae1',
'IT.O r,aBaH:J;,1O 60pHcweHHTOB Ha3BaHO BepeaaHCRoe noceJIe-
[me, rilQTopoe JIe1RaJIO Herrocpep;CTBeHHo y MOpH M Ob1JIO,
..
no era MHeIiMJO, «C8MbIM nop;XOp;HIIJ;HM nYHRToM .AJIH n;eJIeH
5"1

Tepop;OTa "HaqepTaTJ>" paCCeJIemm IIJIeMeW>. ECJIH Obi Sp;eCL
I!MeJIaCl, B BHP;Y OJIl,BHH, paccymp;aeT p;aJIee HCCJlep;OBaTeJIl"
TO COSp;aBaJIOCl, 6l,I BtIe'IaTJIemIe, 'ITO fepOp;OT IIpOnYCImeT B
C:BOeM OmICaHHH P;OBOJIl,HO OOJIl,llIYIO TeppH'1'OpHIO B HeCROJIl,-
I{() p;eCHTROB I{HJIOMeTpOB, HO He rOBopHT 0 TOM, 'ITO OHa
nycTl,IHHa.
81'0'1' P;OBOP; ro. f. BHHorpap;oBa Bl,IrJIHp;HT Ha IIepBbIM
I33rJIHp; BIIOJIRe yoep;HTeJIl,Ho. Bo, B'IHTaeMCH BHHMaTeJIl,Hee B
HCTO'IHHK I{alwM SAeC.b orpoMHl,IM reorpa<pH'IecrmM OXBaTI
Pe,D,l, B 8'1'OM COBceM He60JIl,llIOM oTpl,IBRe fepO,D,OT O'IeHl,'
J\j)aTRo H cmaTO OIIHCl,IBaeT OOllIHpHeMmyIO TeppHTopHIO:
co6C'1'BeHHO CKH<pHIO H 60JIee ceBepRLIe SeMJIH Ha BceM HS-
NJCTHOM eMY npOTHmeHHH. 8'1'0 - MHorne COTHll RHJIOMeTpOB.
npaBoMepHo JIH npH TaIWM oOIl\eM onHcaHHH Tpe60BaTb 0'1'
lipemIero aBTopa, 'ITOOl,J OR cner(HaJII,HO OXapaI{TepHSOBaJI
TDKOM HeSHa'IIITeJIl,RbJM yqaCTOI{ II06epeml,H iJ;JIHHOM B 36 R1\1,
IWTOpI,IM BXOP;HJI B CeJII,CIWXOsHMcTBeHHYIO OI{pyry OJII,BMH
M He Hymp;aJICH B RaROM-TO OCOOOM xapaIHepHcTHlm?1
A C p;pyroH cTopmII,I, eCJIH COrJIaCHTI,CH C BI,IBOP;OM
1-0. r. BHBorpap;oBa Hero IIpep;meCTBeHHHROB, IIOJIY'IHTCH,
'ITO fepop;OT B CBoeM onHcaHHH YRaSaJI BTopoCTeneHHoe IIO- : , i , '
CeJIeHMe - BepesaRCIwe FI nponycTlIJI... eHTp rocyp;apcT- i
na - OJII,BMIO. BOSMomHO JIM TaIwe? .D:YMaIO, HeT. ''t
8Ul H ,D,pYI'Me 06CTOHTeJIl,CTBa p;aIOT, Ha MOM BSI'JIH,D" ,D,O-';'
CTaTOqnO OCHoBaHHM, qTOOl,I BCJIe,D, sa p;pyrMMH MCCJIep;OBaTe- ;
JI.HMH CqJiITaTI" qTO raBaH.bIO oopMcq,eHMTOB HaSBaHa MMeHHO ':J
OJlI,Rm. fepop;OT HaSI,IBaeT ee TaI{me raBaHI,IO EOpHC<peHa.i£
(IV, 24), BopHc<peHOM (IV, 78), rOpO,D,OM oOpHc<PeHIi!TOB l'
(lV, 78, 79). PaSnbIe TepMMHbJ 06'bHCHHIOTCH, Ha,D,O IIOJIa-'
raTl" oco6eHHocTHMH JIHTepaTypHoro CTHJIH. PacCI\asl,lBaH 00 ;"
OJIl,BMM, p;peBHerpe'IeCI\MH nMCaTeJII, CTapaJICH HsoeraTl, no- '
BTopenMM M n08TOMY HMeHOBaJI ee IIo-paSHOMY.
TenepI, HeCIWJI.bRO CJIOB 0 IIJIeMeHaX, mHBYIl\MX BP;OJIb
rHnaHJICa. fepO,D,OT YI\aSbIBaeT S,D,eCl, RaJIJIMnM,D,OB, aJIIIBOHOB, ':..
CRH<p0B-naxapeM l'! HeBpOB. fJJ;e l'!MeHHO OOMTaJIH 8Tl'! nJIeMe- 'i
Ira? KaROBLl TOqHbIe rpaHl'!r(l,l HX paCCeJIeHIi!H? KaKliJ:e noce
JIeHHH H MOI'l'!JI.bHHlm CBHsaHl,l C HHMl'!? Bce 8TH BonpOCbl
I!hISI,IBaIOT eIl\e MHoro cnopOB H OROHqaTeJII,HO He pellIeIIbI,
lIO CHX nop. ¥'IeHI,Ie BbICRaSRJIH MHomeCTBO caMI,IX pa3JIHq-,
RbIX TO'IeR speHHH, HO R ep;HHOMY MHeRl'!IO TaR l'! He rrpH- 'c
lliJIM. If Hap;eHTbCH Ha 8'1'0 IIORa He npHXO,D,HTCH. OCHOBHI,le::'
rrpM'IMHbl pacxomp;eHHM - paSJIH'IHl,IM IIO,D,XOD. R rrp06JIeMe,";
onepHpOBaHHe paSHI,IMH RaTeropHHMH HCTO'IHHIWB, He'WCTI;J.'-,'_'
i
TOqHOe, HCnOJIl,SOBaHHe BcerO ROMIIJIeI{Ca HMeIOIl\HXCH B HR- Or
" CTOIIIl\ee BpeMH ,D,aHHbIX.
58

)J,JUI ycneuIHorO peruer-HUI 9TIIX IIpo6JIeM ne06XOp;IlM B
nepBYIO O'lJ:epep;I, KOMJIJIe1WHI,1ll nop;xop;. Bep;h rOpa3p;0 60.rtL
we ruaHcoB Ha YCJIex, eCJIJil 6paTI, He OT,D:eJII,HO np06JIeMY
HaJIJIVInHp;OB 1mH aJIVI30HOB, CKHtPoB-rraxapeii VIJIH HeBpOB,
D OXBaTHTI, BeCL perVIOH B eJIOM. Torp;a VI OOIQRH liapTHHa
6yp;eT HCHee, [i[ BbIBOP;LI y6ep;VITeJII,Hee. 81'0, Bo-rrepBb1X.
BO-BTOpbIX, Heo6xop;VIMO lWMnlte1'!.CnOe [i[3Y'IeHVIe ecex
f1MeIOIQVIXCH [i[CTO'lJ:HVIliOB: rrnCI,MeHHI,IX, apxeOJIOI'M'IeC1m:x,
11 aJIeoreor-pa cPn'lJ:eC1mX, 1m pTorpa cPn'lJ:eC1mX, aHTpOrrOJI oniPre-
CHVIX [i[ p;p. TOJII,1W ececToponnee VICCJIep;OBaHVIe Bcezo
I{OMrrJIeRCa pa3Ho06pa3HI,IX p;aHHI,lx npVIHeceT Heo6xop;HMI,le
pe3YJII,TaTbI. O}J,HVIM CJIOBOM, 8TH np06JIeMI,I, RaI{ H MHorHe
J(pyrVIe, em:e mP:YT CBOHX HCCJIep:oBaTeJIell.
liTaR, M:&1 BI{paTe 03HaROMVIJIHCL co CBep:BHHHMF! fepo.
)]:oTa B palloHe fHnaHHca. ITepeMp;eM TerrepI, R EopHCcPeny,
IWTOpbIll OI,IJI, no CJIOBaM (<OTIW HCTOPH[i[}), BeJIH'lJ:a,MrueM HS
peR IIOCJle MCTpa IiI caMOM rrOJIHOBOP;HOM IIOCJIe HHJIa.
Karme me rrJIeMeH3 06HTaJIH Ha 6eperax BopIIccPerm?
repOP;OT IInrueT 06 3TOM CJIep;yIOm:ee: «ECJIH rrepOMTII BOpVI-
ccPeH, rrepBafl 01' MOpfl CTpaHa - fHJIefl, eCJIll me J'1}J,TH BBepx
OT Hee - TaM }l{[i[BYT C1mcPI,I-3eMJIep;eJILH, rWTopblX 3JIJIIiIHhI,
nmBym:He y perm fVInaHHC, Ha3:&IBaIOT 60pVICtPemnaMH,
a caMHX ceOfl OJILBHOrrOJIHTaMH.
8TH C1mcPbI-3eMJIep:eJILLI HaCeJIJ1IOT 3eMJIJO 1{ BOCTOI{YHa
npOTJ1meHHH Tpex p;Hell nYTH, P;OXOP:fl p:o peHH, H33BaHHe
hOTOpOll l1aHTH1{arr; B cTopmry ceBepHOI'O BeTpa aTa 3eMJIH
rrpocTHpaeTcfl I-I3 op:HHHap;II.aTb p;HeM 1IJIanaUHfl BBepx no
BopHccPeny. Bblme Hap: HHMH llYCTI,IHfl na OOJIbmOM rrpo-'
C1 paIlCTBe.
Sa nYCTI,IHeii mHBYT aHp;pOcParH, nJIeMH ocoooe fi! OTHIOP;h
He ClmcPC1we. CTpaHa, Haxop:Hm:aHCH BbIme HHX, yme lIaCTO-
am:aH rryCTblHH, H HH1mKoro qeJIOBe'lleC1wro nJIeMeIlH TaM HeT
lIa BceM H3BeCTHOM rrpOTHmeHHH>} (IV, 18).
VhaR, crpana fUlleR. OHa ynoMHRaeTCH em:e HeCI{OJIJ.>RO
pas. Sp:eCb, Rem paCC1m3I,IBaeT JIereHp;a, fepa1m DCTYIIHJI B
6paI{ C nOJIyp:eBoll-rrOJIY3Meell, II OT aToro opaRa pOp:IiIJIIICh
AracPHpc, reJIOH H C1mcP. Sp;ecb me yme He rro JIerenp:e, a B
rrellCTBHTeJII,HOCTH TparHqeC1m IIorII6 OT pY1m CBoero opaTa,
Ka1{ MbI YBHP:HM p:aJIee, CRHcPCRHll Myp;pe AHaxapCHC.
PaCCIm3I,IBaIOT 0 rHJIee H p;pyrHe 3HTII'llHbIe aBTopb1:
OP;IlH - COBceM RpaTHO, p;pyrHe - nop;po6nee.
BOT, HarrpHMep, 'ITO rrHmeT 0 rHJIee II rrpHJIeraIOm:Hx R
HeM pallmIaX TIOMIIOlHIM MeJIa: «3aTeM Mope rrop:xop;HT It
6epery H Ha paCCTOHHHII nflI'll ThICfl'll marOB 01' MeOTU}J,:bI,
DOCTOHHHO CJIeP;YH 3a yp;aJIHIOID;IiIMHCH oeperaMH, npH,lweT
59

UO'ITM BMP; OCTpOBa MeCTHOCTM, SamITOll: CaT8pX8MH II TaBpH-
HaMIl. MeCTHOCTb Men{p;y BOJIOTOM H 3aJIMBOM na3bIBaeTCH
Ta<PPbI, a SaJIIIB - I-tapKHHIITCKHM. IIpH IJeM JIelIH1T ropop;
1-\ apHHlIa , OMblBaeMbIll: P;BYMH peImMII - feppOM II I1IIaI{a-
pOM, IWTOpbIe IISJIMB810TCH OP;HIIM YCTJ>eM, no BbITeImIOT lIS
paSHbIX J7fCTO'ImmOB J7f B paSHblX MeCTax: fepp Te'IeT Mej-J{P;Y
6aCHJIJ7faMJ7f J7f IIO1ap;aMII, a MlIaI,ap -- IIO 3eMJIe IIOMap;OB.
3aTeM IIP;YT CaMble orpOMHble B 8THX MeCTHOCTHX JIeCa H
ptma DaHTHI,alI, OTp;eJIHIOIIJ;aH HOMap;OB 0'1' IIaXapell:. 3aTeM
13bICTYlIalOaH p;JIHHlIaH IIOJIOCa SeMJIH coep;HHHeTCH C 6epe-
HiM Y311:HM nepeIIIell:IWM, nOTOM Ha 60JlbIIIOM IIpOCTpaHcme
nOHeMHory YMepeHHO CYjRHBaeTCH !!I, C06!!IpaH CEOII p;JIJ7fHHbIe
onKa I,aI{ 6bl B EIIp;e OCTp!!IH, IIpHJIenmT B BHp;e JIeJI{aerO
Jl-JO'Ia. CyecTByeT IIpep;aHMe, '1'1'0 AXIIJIJI, BCTyII!!IBIIIHll: B
IJOHTHll:CHOe Mope C BpaiRP;e6Hb1M <pJIOTOM, npa3p;HOB8.JI TaM
C1!OIO II06eP;Y TopmeCTBeHHblMH IIrpaMII !!I, YCIIOIWllBIII!!ICb OT
I!Oll:HbI, YlIpmRHHJI B 6ere ce6H !!I CBOIIX. II08TOl\tIY 8Ta Iwca
na3BaHa AX!!IJIJIOBbIM Berm\t!.
3aTeM OMbIBaeT BJIap;eH!!IH Op;HO!!IMeHHOro nJIeMeH!!I peKa
bOp!!Iccpen, Il:paC!!IBell:IIIaH !!IS peK CmI<pIIII...» (II, 4-6).
KaK Mbl BIIP;!!IM, flIJIeH - 8'1'0 «caMble orpOMHble B 8T!!IX
MeCTHOCTHX JIeca». IIop;pa3YMeBaeTCH, 'ITO eeCb on!!IC:blBae-
i\fbIi perlIon p;OCTaTO'IHO 60raT JleCaMII. A cpep;H 8TIIX JleCHblX ,
MaCC!!IBOB oc060 BbIp;eJIHeTCH f!!IJIeH. Bce 8'1'0 rOBOp!!IT 0 TOM, 1
'ITO npJ7f6pejRHaH 'IaCTb CIm<pIIM B aHTIl'IHOe BpeMH 6bIJIa "<!
p;OBOJIbHO JleCMCTOll. 8'1'0 IIOp;TBepmp;aIOT H p;aHHbIe rraJIeOreO-- j
rpa<I>oB. Do p;OJIJ7fHaM peK, oc06elUIO B IlX p;eJIbTaX, pOCJIJ7f :
rycTble nOll:M8HHbIe Jleca, a CIWOHbl 6aJIOK, HII3!!IHbI 6bIJIH;1
lIOKpbITbI IIepeJIeCRaMII. ,
BecbMa H.paCO'IHO IIOMIIOHIIH MeJIa paCCI\aSbIBaeT 06 
AXIIJIJIOBOM Bere - cOBpeMeHHOll: TeHp;pOBCIWll: Iwce. 8Ta 
1
neC'IaHaH OTMeJIb IIO'ITII BllJIOTHYIO IIpJ7fMbII\aJIa K fIIJIee Ii J
6bIJla TaIl:me XOpOIIIO Ii3BeCTHa aHTU'1HbIM aBTopaM. ;J
fIiJIeH 6bIJI8 HaCTOJIbIW BHaM8HIITa, 'ITO IIp!!IJIeraIOaJI R
Hell 'IaCTb HOHTa 8BKClIHClwro Ha3bIBaJIaCb fIIJIeHCHIIM MO-
peM. BOT 'ITO III2IIIIeT 06 3TOM IImifHuH CTapIIIuH: «3aTeM
JleCHaH 06JIaCTI>, KOTopaH p;aJIa Ha3BaHI2Ie "fHJIell:CROe" IIpH-
MbmaIOru;eMY I{ Hell MOpIO; ee )I{UTeJIH HaSbIBaIOTCH SH81,ap;HH.
)J,aJIee pelm DaHTlIKan, KOTopaH paSrpaHlI'IHBaeT llJIeMeHa
IlOMap;OB 1I reoprOB, llOTOM - AIl:eCHH. HeIWTopble 3BTOpbl'
uepep;aIOT, 'ITO DaHT!!IKan CJIJ7fBaeTCH c BOpI:Ic<peHOM IIH)I\(J ;}
OJIbBIIU, 60JIee me TO'IHbIe YTBepmp;aIOT, 'ITO C BOplIC<p8HOM
CJI!!IBa8TCH f!!IlIaH!!IC; IIepBbIe BlIap;aIOT B TaII:YIQ OIIIH6KY IIO
.TOMY, 'ITO OTHOCHT fHIIaHHC K ASHJiI» (IV, 83). ," < '
IIOIIYTIIO Heo6xop;lIMO SaM:eTlITb, '1'1'0 y' .p;pe,BHHX d;eOl'pa__.
60

eP 0E 1303HMIH'J.JIO HBM&JIO rryT3IIJilTJ;bl 13 C13H3M C TeM, 'ITO rU-
naHMCOJ\1 13 3.HTHqHOe 13peMJI na3bIB3JI11Cb 11 HY03.Hb JiI !Dm-
HblM Byr.
CJleJ.J;yeT CR333Tb 0 nYTaHMu;e npeJ.J;CT313JIeRl1ll IT Y CO
HpeMelIHbIX ITCCJIep;013aTeJleM. B. A. PbIOaIW13 npITIlleJI I{ BbI-
BOJiy 0 TOM, (ITO CYII{eCT130BaJIlI p;13e pa3H:bIe fUJIen r 95,
c. :129-133, 140-142]. IIep13YIO OIl nOMeCTMJI H3. HMllmeM
,Unenpe, a 13TOpyIO - Ha p. BopCIme, IWTOPYIO OTOiRJ.J;eCTBMJI
C II3.HTI!IR3.nOM fepop:oT3. BcecTopoHHMll 3.HaJII!I3 I!IMeIOII{MX-
CH p;aHHbIX nOI{3.3bIB3.eT, 'ITO 13bIp;eJIeIUm P;13YX tHJleM C013ep-
meIIHO I!ICI{YCCT13eHHO I!I 3.6COJIIOTHO HMqeM He 060CHOBaHO.
li1 fepOJ.J;OT I!I J.J;PYI'l!Ie 3.HTM'lHbIe aBTopbI' YI\3.BbIB3.IOT OP;HY-
eJ.J;IlHCTBenHYIO fl!IJIeIO - Hl!IiRHep;HenpOBCI{YIO. COMHeB3.TbCfl
13 <lTOM I!I I3bIJ.J;YMbmaTb eII{e OJ.J;Hy fl!IJIeIO HeT HI!IR3.ImX MaJIO-
MaJII,CRI!I cepbe3HbIX OCIIOB3.11I!IM.
fJ.J;e me Haxop:I!IJI3.Cb 3HaMeHI!ITafl rl!IJIeH? I{TO 3HaIWM C
paMOHOM )J,HenpOBCIWI'O JIlIM3.Ha BHaeT, qTO HI!IHIUmX JleC013
8p:eCb neT. Hao6opOT, Ha MHOI'l!Ie p;eCHTIm InIJIOMeTpOB TYT
paCImHYJIaCb I-JaCTOHru;3.fl neC'laUafl nYCTbIHH. 8TOT peI'HOH
'l'aR I!I II3.3bIB3eTCH - HI!I1RHep;Henp013CIme neCRI!I.
o I{aJmx iRe JleC3.X l!Ip;eT peqb Y p;peBHI!IX a13Top013? I{aI{
liB nap3.J.J;OI{CaJlbHO, HO I!IMeHHO Ha MeCTe CeI'Op;HHmneM nec-
'laHOM nYCTbIHI!I 13 aHTIl'lHOe BpeMH mYMeJII!I BeJleHbIe p;y6pa-
RbI fI!IJIeH!
B 60Jlee paHHI!IM nepIIOp: Bp;eCb 6bwa p;eJlbT3. )J,Henpa.
P8I\3. 13bIXOJ.J;I!IJIa 13 Mope 13 p3.MOHe cOBpeMeI-IHOrO I{apKluIHT-
eROI'O 3aJII!I133.. IIocTeneHHo p;eJlbT3. nepeMeCTI!IJIaCb 13 UIl!IpOT-
HOM n3.npa13JIeHIlIl R c130eMY c013peMeHHoMY nOJIOiReHHIO. Bce
01 pOlvII-IOe npOCTp3.HCT130 MemJ.J;y cTapoM II H0J30M p;eJlbTOM
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pa3pOCJUICb 6YMHbIe JIeca, HOTopbIe p;pe13Hl!Ie I'peI{JiI Ha313aJIH
fIweeM, T. e. IIoJIecbeM.
IIpI!IMe'laTeJIbHO, qTO 130 BpeMeHa ,D;peBHeM PYCI!I 3p;ecI,
eYII{eCT13013aJI ropop; OJlembe, a 13 Hame BpeMH - I'Opo)J;
AJIemlm, C013peMeHHbIM D;IOPYllI!IHCI{.
B nOCJIe3.HTl!IqHbIM nepMop; 13 pe3YJlbTaTe reorp3.ePl!IqeCInIX
u3MeH8HIIM JIeCH:bIe MaCCl!I13bI rMJIelI CTaJII!I nOCTelleHHO IIC'Ie-
3aTb. B Cpep;Hl!Ie BeHa JIeca 3J.J;ecb 6bIJIII eII{e p;OBOJlbHO 06-
lUl!IpHbIMIT; OHI!I 0603H3.qeHhI Ha MHOI'I!IX cpep;He13eIW13bIX Rap-
Tax, IIHorp;a p;ame P;3.HO 3.HTI!I'lliOe H3.3133.Hl!Ie - fIlJmH, R3R,
H3.npIlMep, H3. I\3.pTe IIoHTa 813RCI!IHCHOrO 1!I3 I!ICTOpII'leCROrO
3TJlaCa A. 0pTeJlIUI, COCTaBJIeHHOM 13 :1590 r. (Pl!Ic. 6).
IIo C13I!Ip;eTeJIbCTBaM OqeBIIp;lieB, J:\OBOJlbHO rYCTbIe JI8Ca
cyuiecT130B3.JII!I eII{e B XVIII 13. H3.upHMep, II. O. BypaqRoB
61

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mUlleT, qTOerO npap;ep;, nOCeJII!IBllIlICb B 1760 r. Ha I{Im6YPH-
CIWM IIOJIYOCTpOBe, SaCTaJI eII{e p;OBOJlbHO rycToM JIeC 113
p;y6a, 6epeSbI, OJIbXII, OCIIHbI, B ROTOpOM BOP;IIJIIICL p;IIIme I{a-
6anbI, IW3bI II p;ame OJIeHII.
Ho 3a nOCJIep;HlIe CTOJleTIIH 8T1I JIeca IIOJIHOCTbIO IIC'IeSJUI.
8TOMY BO MHorOM cnoco6CTBOBaJla X03HMCTBeHHafl, a Bepnee
6eCX03HHCTBeHHafl, J..\eflTeJlbHOCTb qeJIOBeRa. H BOT Ha MeCTe
rYCTbIX JIeCOB nepep; HaMII cbrnyqlIe neCI{1I1
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J{JIIOqeHlIeM rIIJIelI,- 6eSJIeCHaH. KOqeBHIIJ{1I 3TlI HaCeJIflIOT
J{ BOCTOI{Y Ha paccTOHnllll "[IeTbIpHap;aT:H J..\HeM rrYTlI cTpany,
npOCTlIpaIOII{YIOCfl P;O peRIl reppa)} (IV, 19).
Borrpoc 0' JIOI{aJII!ISaIIII CI{lI«P0B-ROqeBHJ2IROB TaRiKe OCTa-
€TCfl cnopHbIM. Onpep:eJleHlIe rpaHl!II\ SaBHC!!IT B nepBYlO O'Ie-
peJ..\L OT OTomp;eCTBJIeHJ2Ifl ITaHT!!IRarra, a TaJ{me rePPIl !!I
f!!IIIaImpIIca. HanoMHIo, qTO ITaHTIIJ{an o6Lrrmo OTomp;eCTB-
JIflIOT C KOHROM !!IJI!!I liIHrYJIbl"(OM, fepp - C KOHlWM ,!!IJIE
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3Toro nCCJIeJ..\OBaTCJIlI I!I paSMeII{aIOT CRH«P0B-ROqeBHlIRoB.
62

HaROBa me 6bIJIa TeppIITopIHI HOMap;OB, T. e. RO'IeBHII..;
: fWB? ITo fepop;oTY, OHa UPOTHIIYJIaCL Ha qeTLlpnap;I\aTb p;Hen
nyTH. I1cCJIep;OBaTeJIH OTMe<rarOT, 'ITO 8Ta n;II<ppa rrpOTJ'IBope..;
'niT YRa::3aHHIO Taro lI{e fepop;OT3, 'ITO aT BopIIc<pen3 P;O
MeOTJIlp;LI p;eCHTb p;uen nYTJiI (IV, 101). AenCTBHTeJILHO, Ha-
JJHI\O flBuoe paCXOiRp;eUIIe H:CTO'IHIiIRa. RaI{ me TYT 6hlTh?
I1cCJIeJ.J;oBa TeJIII npeJ.J;JraraIOT HeCIWJIbIW pa3JUr t III},lX 06'b-
5lCHenliIn. Am. PenneJI npep;nOJIOmMJI, 'ITO BJIWC'1'O «}.\eCHTll
l:fHen nYTII» CJIep;yeT 'IMTaTb «'IeTblpe». TaRoe npep;JHHl{eIme
HaillJIO CBOIIX CTOpOHHJ!II-aJ-B.
f. lllTenH npIIilleJI R J.J;PyrOMY BbIBOP;Y. TIo ero MuenIIlO,
fepop;OT 6paJI 8TII IW«PPbI 113 pa3HbIX IICTOqmmOB, B ROTO-
pbIX paCCTOflHliIfl 6bIJUI M3MepeHbI OT paSJIIiI'IIIbIX TO'leR.
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nYTII, HO C'lIiITaJI, 'ITO &TO paCCTOflIIMe CJIep;yeT OTC'lIITI>lBaTb
He na BOCTOR, a Ha ceBep. 81'0 MHeHne TaRme naillJIO CBonx
CTOpOHHIIROB, HO saTeM Y'IeIIbIn caM OTRaSaJICfl OT nero.
)J,pyrIIe IICCJIep;OBaTeJIH 06'bflCHflIOT paCXOJ-RtwmmB pac-
CTOflHlWX HeTO'IHOCTbIO II3MepeHliIn.
TaRoBLI OCHOBUbIe MHeHIiIH no 8TOJI1:Y Bonpocy. Bce OHM
npep;nOJIaraIOT TY IiIJIM IiIHYIO Oill1l6RY llCTO'IUIiIH3. Rone'lno,
I'epo;xoT, HaH M p;pyrIIe 3HTII,'InbIe aBTopbI (II He TOJIbRO 3.1I-
TH'IHbIe), Mor OillII6MThCH C3M IIJIH llCnOJIb30BaTb HOlWCTO-
nepHbIe p;aHHbIe. HQ eCTb JIM y Hac P;OCT3TO'llIO OCHOnaHJiIH .r
P;JIfl Toro, qT06bI BJiIp;eTb SJ.J;eCb IIMelIlIO oHm6RY?
06paTBMCfl eII{e pa3 R HCTO<rHHHY. JJ,a, no repop;OTY,
OT BopIIc<peHa P;O MeOTIIp;bI p;eCflTb J.J;Hen nYTII, a 30MJIfl
CI,U«pOB-IW'IeBHIiIIWB npOCTliIpaeTCfl Ha qeTbIpHap;n;aTh J.J;lIeH
nYTH. Ha nepBbln B3I'JmJ.J; sp;eCb p;eMCTBllTeJILUO pacxmI\p;e-
HJiIe B paCCTOflHIIHX. Ho TaR JIll 31'0 B p;eMCTBIITeJIhIIOCTH?
ITonbITaeMCH npep;CTaBJiITb ce6e, RaR CXeMaTII'IHO BMI'JIH-
AeJIa TeppliTopIIfl RO'IeBHJiIROB. Be;Xb OHll, CYAH no OnliCaHJiIIO
f'epo;xoToM 3TOM 'IaCTIiI CRIiI<pIIIiI, SaHliMaJIli He I{aRYIO-TO Y3-
HYIO nOJIOCY SeMJIlI, BbITflHYBillYIOCfl p;aJIeI{O Ha IJOCTOK,
a ):\OBOJIbHO IlmpOHYIO TeppIITopIIIO. A npII TaROH KOH«p.Hry-
pal\.\lIII paccToflHIIe ;XO ;xaJIbHeI'O yrJIa HX BJIap;eHHM BnOJIHe
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BOPllC«peHf\ }.\O MeOTIIJ.J;bI OI>IJIO Bcero JIHillb p;eCHTb J.J;HeH
nYT.H. Bep;L HllmHee Te'IelI:ue TaHanca, P;O ROTOpOI'O, Hap;o
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f,aJIbilIe K nOCTORY, qeM YCTLe MeOT.Hp;bI, I'J.J;e KOH'IaIOTCH YHa-
SB'HHbIe ;xecwrb }.\lIen nYTD.
. ECJUI COI'JIaCIITbCH C 8THM 06'bflCIIelIIIeM, TO rrOJIY'IaeTCH,
'JTO 1IliIRaRoro npOTIIBOpeqliIH n CBep;elIIiIHX repop;OTa geT.
Pacxomp;eHue B paCCTOHHMHX - HamYII{eeCH. M OOBIIHHTb
63

r epOp;OTa B, KaRO:H-JIH60 OIIHI6Re IIeT HIIRaRIIX 06'beRTIIBHbIX
oCHoBaHII!I<i:.
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onHcaHlIeM CRIIcPCRIIX IJJIeMeH. 06paTIIMCH R CJWp;ywru;eMY
C'TpbIBRy.
nOCJIe CRIIIPOB-RO-'IeBIIIIIWB rrCCROJIbRO nop;p06Hee oxa-
paItTepII30naHbI cRII!f>bI-IWPCI{IIC: «110 TY CTOPOHY feppa
I!aXOP;HTCfl Ta seM.JW, ROTopafI rraSbIBaeTCfl u;apCltoB:, II TaM
06]1ITalOT C!tII<pbI caMble xpa6pble II caMble MHOrO'IHCJIeHHble,
lWTopble C'IIITaIOT P;PyrHx Cl{]ll<pOB CBOIIMH pa6aMH. ,l],OXOP;flT
onH Ha lOre go TaBpIIRH, a Ha BOCTORe lIMeHHO P;O Taro pBa,
lWTOpbIB: BblpbIJIH CbIHOBbfl CJIeIIbIX, II no raBaHM lIa 6epery
oBepa MeoTIIp;bl, ROTOpyW lIa3bIBaIOT HpeMHbI. qacTb IIX BJIa-
'}1eHHB: P;OXOP;HT p;o p. TaHalIca.
BbIUIe 3eMJIH IWPCHMX CRH!f>OB 1\ ceBepHoMY BeTpy i1\MBYT
MOJIaHXJIeHbI, IIJIeMfl IIHoe, He CRII!f>cRoe. Bblille MeJIaHXJIe-
lIOB - 60JIOTa II SeMJIfl, 6e3JIWp;Uafl Ha BceM IISBeCTHOM HaM
I1pOTHi1\eHIIH» (IV, 20).
RaR MbI BIIP;HM, CI{]IIcPbI-1wpcRIIe CeJIHJIIICb lIa orpOMHO:H
TeppIITopHH B Mei1\p;ype'Ibe ,l],uellpa II! ,l],Olra. 81'0 - HaH60JIee
MllOrO'IHCJIeHHaH rpYIIrra CRH!f>CRHX IIJIeMeH, 1\OTOpaH saHH-
MaJIa oc060e nOJIOi1\eUHe cpep;H p;pyrHx CRH!f>OB. CJIOBa fe- ,
pop;OTa 0 TOM, 'ITO OHII «C'IHTaWT p;pyrlIx CRH<pOB CBOHMH ' ,
pa6aMII», ROHe'IHO i1\e, He P;OJIi1\HbI BOCIIpHHHMaTbCfl B caMOM
npHMOM CMbICJIe. ,l],pyrHe CRII!f>cHHe llJIeMeHa He 6bIJIlI B pa6-
C1\on saBlICHMOCTII 01' CRIIcP0B-u;apcRlIx, OHlI TOJIbHO IIJIaTII-
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q TO 31'0 sa raBaHb? fp;e HaXOp;IIJIaCb?
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1I11I 6eporaMH,RpY'I3.MH.
faBaHb HpeMHbI p;o CHX nop He HaB:p;eHa. Ee nOHC1\aMII!
Y'IeHbIe saHHlVJaIOTCfl Yllie l\1HorO p;eCflTlIJIeTHn. BbIC1{asaHO
MHOiIteCTBO paSJIH'IHbIX TO'Ie1\ sperUIfl, HO Hii op;ua lIS HIlX
He CTaJIa ooru;enpHHflTOB:.
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HbIe p;JIfl raBaHH 6YXTbI 11 BbIcomm 06pbIBIICTble 6epera.
Y6ep;.HTeJIbHbIX apXeOJIOrII'IeC!{.Hx p;aHHblx rrORa HeT. Talt 'ITO
9TOT HHTepeCHbIB: Bonpoc OCTaeTCH P;O crrx nop HepemeHHbIM.
COBceM Hep;aBHo BblillJIa HS rre'IaTH CTaTbH .1.0. B. BOJIT-
pHRa H E. E. <DrraJIRO, CIIeHaJIbHO IIoCBHru;eHlHH! IIOHCRaM
raBaHH RpeMHbI [96, c. 40-48]. ABTOp!>! JIORaJIIISYIOT :ny"
64

r8BaHb B YCTbe p, HopcaR Y C. BOTl1eBO.. 3JJ.OCb, no HX iIHIe-
WHO, CYJ::QeCTBOBaJ1 samm, B IWTOpOM «LWIlW I'Jiy6oKOCI1D:H-
IJJ;He CY)J,B MOrJ1H rrO)J,XO)J,IITb K 6epery» [96. c. 45 J.
3aJIlIB B 3TOM MeCTe 6eccnopllo cYJ::QecTBOBaJI.Ho B I{&-
Jwe BpeMH? BepoHTHo, BO BpeMeHa HOBOqepHOMOpCROH
TpaHcrpeccHH, npJiIMepHO Ha Py6elI\e III-II TbIC. ;0:0 H. 3.,
'1'. e. B )J,oaHTHqllOe BpeMH, 1I BO BpeMelia llJiIMcpeMCKOH
TpallcrpeCClIH, npUMepHO B cepe)J,JiIlle I TbIC. ll. 9., T. e. YiI\e
B nOCJIeallTJiIqHOe BpeMH. RaR YCTBHOBJIeHO cneJiIaJIMCTaMH
lia OCHOBaHMH re0J10rHqeCI\HX, reOMop!f>OJIOI'H-<reCRHX JiI ap-
XeOJIOI'HqeCRHX T{BHllbIX, BO BpeMn UHRa HOBOqepHOMOp-
CROll TpaHcrpeCCMU ypOBeHb gepHoI'o MOpH (a CJIe)J,OBaTeJIb-
HO, H A30BcRoro) 6bIJI BMIlie COBpeiVIeHHOI'O Ha 2 M, a BO
BpeMfl mII\a HHMcPeMcI\Oll -rpaHcrpeCCMJiI  ;0:01 M [116,
c. 154]. Eos COMHeHHH, MOiRHO rOBopHTb 0 CYJ::QeCTBOBBHlUI
31'01'0 SaJIHBa B YRasaHHbI8 nepMO)J,bL
Ho B8)J,b B V B. )J,O H. 3., BO BpeMeHa repO)J,OTa, rra.rreo-
reorpa!f>HqeCRaJI Imp'rHlla B RopHe OTmIIaJIaCI,. ¥poneHb MO-
pH 6bIJI llMlI-\e COBpeMeliHoro npHMepHO lla 5-7 M [116,
c. 154]. A, no OIWllKaM ;O:PyrHx HCCJIe;o:oBaTeJIeM, fI3.npJlIMep
It K IIl1'!JIHRa, yponeHb MOpfl 6bIJI eJ::Qe llJiIlI-\e --)1;0 10 M.
8TO BpeMH !f>anaI'opHMcROM peI'peCc-lifH. HH 0 KaKOM SaJIJiIBe
Y c,oBpeMeHHoro c. EOTHeBo, I-\Y)J,a MOI'JIM saXO)J,HTl> 60JlbIliMe
cy;o:a, B V B. )J,O ll. 3.' ne MomeT 6bITb JII peqJlI. Tor)J(a JII 6e-
perOBaH .JIHllJiIH Mopn npOXO)J,HJIa npJlIMepliO B RJlIJIOM8Tpe
MopHCTee. 1l03TOMY, eCJIH JII HCI{&Tb raBalib I\peMHbI B 3TOM
paMOlle, TO He y caMoro c. BOTHeEO, a lIa )J,ue MOpH. Ho
IIOqeMY JlIMeliHO Ha )J,He MOpfl?
PasI'a)J,RY, MHe RaiI\eTCH, )J,aeT naJIeOreorpa!f>HH. JeJ10 B
TOM, qTO B )J,peBHerpeqeCI-\HM nepHO)J, ypOBelib qepHoro II
ASOECKoro Mopen:, I\aR YlI\e rOBOpJiIJIOCb, 6bIJI HMiI\e COBpe-
MeHHoro KaI{ MHHHMYM Ha 5 M. ::ho 3Ha'lJlIT, qTO 6eperoBa:=r
JII!IHJiIfl Toro BpeMeHJII )J,aBHO 3aTOIIJI8Ha IiI naXO)J,HTCH no)J, BO-
JJ:OM. 3a npOIlie;O:IliMe 2,5 TbIC. JI8T 6eper SnaqJiITe.rlhIIO OT-
CTYIIJiIJI nepeJJ: llaJJ:BHraloJ::QeMcH CTIiIXliIeM. CRopocn aopasl!nI
(pasPYIlieHHe 6epera) paSJIIl'ma )J,JIH paSHbIX pan:onoB. ana
saBIICRT OT peJlbecPa MeCTHOCTH, CTpoeHlIH oepeI'a, rJIy6Hllbl
MOpH B IIpH6peiI\lIOM SOHe 1I MHOrJiIX )J,PYI'JiIX !f>fUUOpOB.
I\aR rrORaSbIBaIOT IiIMeIOJ::QJlIeCH )J,aHUble, nO.TIOCa 00-
pera, ROTopafl paspyrneua II YUllqTOiI-\ena MopeM 3a nOCJIe)J,-
liMe 2,5 TbIC. JIeT, Ha paSlIbIX yqaCTRaX ASOECRO-qepHOMOp-
CKoro uo6epelI\bH BeCLMa pa3JI,JlIqUa - 01' HeCRO,TIb1-\HX )J,e-
CHTI\OE MeTpOE )J,O lleCIWJlbRJiIX RJlIJIOMeTpOB.
I{aKoBa iRe cJlITyan;HH E IIHTepeCYIOmeM llac palloHe?
Ha1-\ nOR3.3bJBaIOT OaTJiIMeTpHqecI-\Me KapTbI, npn6pelI\'HaH 30-
4 M. E. 'AI'6YHOD
65

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He MOpH (MHHYC 5 M) oeperonaH JIUillIH IJpOXOAHJIa npHMep-
HO B RHJIOMBl'pe MOlllICTee. JJ;pem:uITI 6eper p;aBHO paspyruen
MopeM. Cn:e.u;mmT€JIbHO, I'&B3.H.b f\peMHbI HBOOXOJJ;HMO HClmTh
He .aa conpeMeHIIDM IIo6epewa,e, liOTopoe no npeMena epo-
AOTa OUJIO JJ;OBOJIbHO p;aJIeI'W OT ypeSfl BO,n;N, a Y p;peBIIeH 6e-
pel'oBoii JIHHHH, 1'. e. liB ARe IOpH.
raIW.Rb RpeMIDJ: HaXO,lJ;IUlaCb, HaAO IIOJIaraTb, B Y.D:OOnOH
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SflTOIIJI€H3.. H CB.R'I8.C ee pa:maJIHHhI ne:maT Ha P;HB MOpH IIOJ
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CH OOJIee MJIH MCHee ACTRJILHaH naJIeoreOr p aHqeCKaH
peKOHcTpymWH penIDH8.. HeOOXOJJ;IIMO orrpell,e.rrHTL '1' rrOJIome-.t
mre JJ;pmmeH oeperOBOR JIHHHH, co6paTb MMeroIT\MCCH ClJe-
p;cmim 00 apxeOJIOrRYIeCRIIX naKO)J;R8.X no]!: BOJ1:0H II BeCTH '
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R€ OTHOCHTCH II: CKRtPB.M. Eho - JIHLIe llJIeMeH8. A B JJ;PY- t-
rOM MeCTe «OTel!{ nCTOpnH» ]l;06aBJIHe1': «Bee MeJIaHXJIeHbI HO-,j
-,
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MCCJIf3JJ;oBaTBJIH B.bICRaa8JIn H3. aT01' CqeT HeM3.JIO C8.M.bIX pm-
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56

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He 3aCeJIeHHbIe TeppHTopHH.
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c caMoro p;am:,-nero yrJIa 03epa MeowWJ, n8.CeJU!lOT na pac-
CTOHIDIIl rrflTHaMaTII AHeE: IIy'l'H no H8rrpaBJJeHHIO R ceBep-
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BCID nopocrnyro pa3HOOOpaSJiThIM JIleco!>nJ (IV, 21),
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no nocmrfb It HJ!fM C3.MbiX MOJIO}iJ;J'>JX CBOI!lX MY a{1UUI , 'lIfCJlOM
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4* 67

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68

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69

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70

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I'O'HICJIeHIIOe; Bce OHM 0'I8Hb CBHTJIOrJIaa:bIe II pblm1l8. B IIX
06JIaCTIr BhlcTpoeH Aep8BHHHbIN I'Opo.D:; H8:3'BaHHe BToro 1'0-
pO.D:a - f"eJWH. Amma CT8HhI e K3:W\AOH Cl'OpOHbI - 30 CTa-
}.U1eB; OHa BbICOKaH It .Q8JIJiIROM II3 p;epSBa; II P;OMB. Y HMX
A!3peBRHHhIe, n xpaMbl.
TaM eCTL- xpaMbI 3JIJIJiIHCKHX 6oroB, YKpRrneHHbIe nO-3JI-
JI4IHCJ{lI l-J,epeBHHHhIME cTaTYHMII, amapilllfll II lIaocaMH.
.IiI ,Ka1J:\l-J,hIe TPH 1'0)'\3. amI YCTpallBaJOT npaa}J)-Iecma B '{eCTh
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BaHH II IIOCeJIMJIHCb Y OYP;HIIOB. M rOBopHT OIIH Ha R3bIRe
OT'HlCTil CKIfq,CKOM, OT'IaCTil 3JWlifHCII'OM.
BYAHHbl me rOBopHT He Ha TOM H3bIKe, 'ITO reJIOHDI,
11 o6paa H\H3HH Y HHX He OJ'1:HH II T{)T H\e. Bep;b 6Y,!J;.HHM,
6YP;Y'IH HcnmUlbIMJiI m.HTeJIHMH,- I\Ol£€mHHKM, OHn CJJ;JiIHCT-
BBlIHble 113 Tex, I\TO Bp;aCb w.-HBeT Ull1'iUOTCR lliHIIDWMU; re-
JIOHhI me - aeMJIe,!J;.6JIhn;:r.I, IIHT'aIOTCH XJIeOOM II HMeIDT ca)J;:bI.
OHM HMCKOJIb-I\O He nOXOJItJiI IDl BHellIImM BJiI,!J;OM, In'l TDIIl
I-\OmH. 3JIJIHIThI, O.D:H<H\O, IiI' 6y,!J;JiIHOB HH3bmaroT reJIOHaJ\OI, Ha->
8bIBaIOT H6npaBIlJJ!1>Ho.
HeR IIX cTpalIa rycT'o nopocJIa pa3Hoo6pa3HLlMH JIeCaMH.
A B caMOM rYC'IOM ;)ifecy eCTb OOJIbillOe II mypOH,Oe 08-epO H
BOI{Pyr Hero OOJIOTO l'I TpOCTHIIK. B 3TOM oaepe JIOBHT BbI.D:P,
606poB H APyrMx mTIBOTHbIX C KBap;panmM MopJ'l:oiI; IIX illKY-
paMH OTO-pa'umaIDT no II'paJ'IM MeXOBbIH OJ];6H\.D:LI, a TCCTHKY-
JIbl ann H\IlBOTIThIX c;rrymaT y OY.D:IfHOB }:(J1};{ JI6'IeHIIH oo.ne-a-
Ileir I\-IaTKIl)} (IV, 108-109).
TaRoBb! CBeJ'(6HIDI 0 6Y.D:HHax. Bonpoc 0 TOM, I'JJ;e 06IITa-
JJ:O 3TO' IIJIeMH, ,Q'OJITOO Bp-eMH BbI3bI:B>aJI O!H\MBJIeHHf.>Ie CUopu.
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IIe£ BpeMH 60JIbIIIIIHCTEO IICCJiep,OJ3/OtTeJI&:H JIOIl'aJIH3ye-T 6y-
wmon B paiwHc cpe,El;uero Te:qeUHH .D;neIIp.a.
OC06UH HHTepec BbI3bIBalOT CBeeIUUI 0 JW,peBJ-II-IHOM ro-
pOAC reJIon8. MHoI'Me Y'IeHble OTOJf\):.\e.CTBJIHIOT ero C BeJIh-
CIIMM ropoAIIIIJ;8M, IffiTopoe pacnOJiOJ'lteHO lIa IIpnTOI\e .D,nen-
pa - BopcnJle. E. A. III paMKo, OCHOBhlBanCh Ha MlIOrOJIeT-
HeM naY'1e,ffilJiI 31'01'0 ropO,!J;HIIJ;a, nop:-qepI\MBaCT, '1TO 31'OT
KPYTIHbIM D;£?HTP IIOJIHOCTbIO COOTB8TcTByeT OTIHCaHHro 1'e-
71

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CTO'IHOrO 0: R'Y3eMMHCKoro, OO'bep;11HeHHbIX OOID;HM BaJIOM.
HeROTopue HCCJIe):(OBaTeJIH B03pallialOT IIpOTJiIB OTOJI\-
):(eCTBJIeHHH BeJI.bCKOrO ropop;HID;a C feJIOHOM. BOIIpoc OCTa-
eTCH ITOI-I:a OTI{p.bIT.bIM.
He peIlIeH OKOH'1aTeJIbHO TBKllie BOIIpOC 0 MeCTOITOJIOme-
HI-IJiJ: reJIOHOB, OIl CBMbIM TeCHbIM 06pa30M CBHsaH C JIOKaJIfi--
3aU;HeH I'opoAa feJIOlIa. BeT ep;HHoI'o MHeHJiIfl H 0 IIpOJiICXOm-
p;eHHH I'eJIOHOB. OJ],HH Y'1eH.bIe, oIIHpaHcb HB cBe):(eIIHH fe-
po):(oTa, C'IHTalOT HX 3JIJI11HaMJiI. ApyrJiIe nOJIaralOT, 'ITO
BepCJiIH «oTD;a JiICTOPMH» OIlIH6o'1Ha, JiI OTHOCHT reJIOHOB J{
CKH«paM. TpeTbJiI BbICKa3bIBaJIM HHue TO'IKH SpeHJiIH.
3arap;oK B peIlIeHHM 3TJiIX 11 MHOrI1X p;pyrHx BorrpocoB
rrpep;OCTaTO'1Ho. M OHH 'HP;YT CBOIiX MccJIep;oBaTeJIeM.
PaccKa3aB 0 oYAJiIHaX, fepop;oT npHBOp;JiIT BeCbMa HH-
TepecHbIe cBep;eHHfl H 0 oOJIee ceBepHbIx 3eMJIHX: «Bbune
OYP;HHOB K ceBepy JiI):(eT CHa'1aJIa rryCTbIHH HB paccToflHIUI
oOJIee p;eCflTJiI p;HeM rrYTH. 3a nycTbIHeM, eCJIJiI OTKJIOH11TbCH
B CTOPOHY BOCTO'1HOrO BeTpa, 'HHBYT T11ccareTbI, nJIeMH MIIO-
I'O'1HCJIeHHOe JiI oeo6oe; lliJiIBYT OHH oXOToM.
PHAOM C HHMJiI B Tex 'He caMbIX MeCTBX 06JiITaeT nJIeMH,
I1:MH KOTOPOMY JiIMpKJiI. OHM TaIOIW 'HMBYT OXOTOM, 3a-
HHMaflCb elO CJIeP;YIOID;IIM oopaSOM: OXOTHHK CHAHT B sacap;e,
B306paBIlIHC.b Ha p;epeBO, a p;epeBbH TaM B HSOOHJIHH paCTYT
no BceM CTpaHe. ¥ Ka1Hp;OrO HarOTOBe KOHL, 06Y'IeHH.bIM JIO-
lliHTbCH Ha 6pIOXO, C TeM, '11'06bI CTaTb HJiIme, I1 cooaKa.
RaK TOJIbKO OXOTIIHK' YBJiIAHT C AepeBa SBepH, OH, BbICTpeJIMB
HS JIYHa 11 ceB Ha KOHfl, YCTpeMJIHeTCfl B nOI'OHlO, a co6aKa
CJIep;yeT sa nHM.
BUIlIe HHpIWB, eCJIJiI OTKJIOHHTbCfl K BOCTOKY, lliJiIBYT
):(PyrHe CKHiPbI, OTJI01HHBIlIHeCH 01' u:a pCKHX CIUI<pOB II no
:noM npH'IHHe rrpM6bIBIlIJiIe B :,JTY cTpany» (IV, 22).
I1TaK, ruccazerbL. fepoP;oT ynOMI1:HaeT 3TO nJIeMH eID;e
pa3 IIPH OIIMcaHMH clm«p0-IIepcH):(cKOM BOMHbI, YKasaB, '11'0
113 SeMJIH THceaI'eTOB «oePYT Ha'1aJIO '1eTbIpe QOJIbIlIIIe pe-
HH, rrpOTeKalOID;He '1epes 3eMJIIO MeOTOB; OlIJiI BrraAaIOT II
03epo, HMeHyelVIOe MeOTMAOM, HM ):(aHbI CJfep;YlOID;Me HMeHa:
JIHK, Oap, TaHa.IIC, CHprMC» (IV, 123).
OpM€nTHpbI p;aH.bI B€CbMa HeOrrpeAeJIeHHbIe. IT03TOMY nc-
CJIe,n:OBa TeJIJiI JIORaJIH3YIOT TMccareTOB B caMUX paSJIH'IIIbIX
MeCTax: 1) Me'HAY AOHoM .II BOJIroM, 2) MemAY OIWM IiI
BOJIroM, 3) IIO 060I-IM 6eperaM BOJII'M, 4) MemP;Y BOJIroM Ii
Hal\fOM, 5) Ha cpep;lIeM HaMe, 6) lIa IOrHHoM ¥paJIe, 7)
n IIpHKacII11flclmx CTemIX, 8) B fIpH06be, a TaIUI{e B APynIX
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.!TIHfl.
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OXOTbI i1JiIpKOB. B STOR CBH3H HHTepeCHO OTMeTHTb, 'ITO H8
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BilOJIHe 060CHOB8HHbIM.
3a MJiIpKaMJiI B i1CTO'IHHKe Ylm3aHbl O1'JIOlliHBIlmeCfl CKM-
q,bI. 81'0 - KaKaH-1'O qaCT.b 06HTaBIIIHx B rrpH'IepHOMOpCKHX
CTerrHX CKMWOB-1wpcmrx, IWTOp8H OTp;eJIHJI8Cb 01' CBoeI'O
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'I'M H e)..(l'fHOMY MHeHHlO.
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HM apxeOJIOrJiI'IeCHJiIe i1CTO'IHJiIKJiI nOKa He MorYT P;a'fL KOHKpeT-
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,RbIX pa3HOrJI8CMII rrpOH30IIIeJI p8CKOJI. BOSMOlliHO, npH'IHHOM
TOMY 6bIJI8 60p.b68 38 BJIaCT.b HJIM K8KJiIe-TO 3Ha'IHTeJI.bHbIe
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TopbIe MOl' JIM IIpJiIBeCTH (JiIJIH IJpHBeJIH) K KpOBOrrpOJIJiITRbIM
CTOJIKHOBeHi1flM. ll09TOMY 'I8CT1, CKMWOB 6bIJIa BbIHY}f{)..(ena
IJOKJiIHYTb rrpM'IepHOMOpCKHe CTerrH. 11 OHM H8IIIJUI CBOIO 1I0-
BYro POP;HHY )..(8JIeKO H8 ceBepO-BOCTOKe 01' 6eperOB TIOI-!T8
8BKCHRCKoro.
Hor)..(a He rrpOH30III.no 81'0 IJepeceJIemre? fepO)..(OT HJiI'ICro'
He rOBopMT 06 3TOM. JICHO - '11'0 ern;e P;O fepop;OT8, HO KO['-
)..(8 MMeHHO - nei13BeCTHO. Byp:eM Hap:eflTbCfl, '11'0 co BpeMe-
HeM rrOflBfl1'Cfl HOBbIe naHHble, IWTOpbIe IJOMorYT OTBeTHTb H
Ha 31'01' Borrpoc.
IToc;rre' OTJIOlliMBIIHIXCfl CKII<:pOB rrepep; HaMH npep;CT8IOT
73

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<<]1;0 CTpaHhI 9TH X CRHq,OB B,CH seMJIH, Y'He OIIHCaHHaH MHOIl,
npe;n:CTaBJIfleT IIJIO;n:OpO;n:HYIO paBIiIIHY, a ;n:8.JIhrne 3eMJIfl Ha-
MeHIlCTafl JiJ: IIepOBHaH. u u
ECJUI IIpOMTJZf 60m,rnoe paccToHHMe 8TOIl HepOBHOH cTpa-
HI>I, TO Y llo;n:Homn:H BbICOIurx rop 06HTaIOT JIIO;n:JiJ:, 0 ROTOpbIX
rOBopHT, 'ITO OHn: Bce - H MYiK'-lilHbI, a T8Rme meHrn;J2IHbI-
[!JIemHBbIe 01' pom;n:eHJiIH, KYPHOChIe H C 60JIbIIIHIvHI rrop;60-
po;n:HaMH; OHJiJ: rOBopflT Ha OC060M H3bIKe, HO HOCHT CHHW-
CRYIO o;n:em;n:y. IIMTalOTCH OHM TIJIo;n:aMM ;n:epeBbeB.
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'I:HH, no BeJIH'IMHe OHO rrpn6mI3HTeJIbHO paBHO <pBTOBOMY
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HOCTO'IHOH. RaH TOJIhHO rrJIo;n:hI C03peBaIOT, MX rrpoqeiRJiJ:BaIOT
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HbIH, r-Ia3BaHJiJ:e 81'01'0 CORa - aCXJiJ:. 81'01' COR ORJiJ: CJIM3bI-
1:aIOT, M, CMeIIIMBaH C MOJIOROM, rrblOT, a M3 rYCTOI'O oca;n:Ra.
Yroro CORa rrpJiJ:1'OTOBJIHIOT JIeIIeIIIKH H nMTaIOTCH'MMM.
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BOM: 3MMOH - nORphIB ;n:epeBO nJIOTHbIM 6eJIbIM BOIIJIOIWM,
a JIeTOM 6e3 BOMJIORa.
J1x He 06MmaeT HMRTO H3 JIIO;n:eH, TaR I{aR I'OBOpHT, 'ITO
OHM CBflIIJ;eHHhI. Y HJiJ:X He1' HMRaHOI'O opymHH ;n:JIH BOHHbI.
HMeHHO OHM pa30HpaIOT CIIOpbI coce;n:eii, a TOT, RTO rrpM-
6e1'ae1' It HMM MCRa1'b y6emMII(e, He Tepmn HM 01' Roro OOM;n:;
na3B8.I-IHe 81'01'0 Hapo;n:a - aprMnneM>} (IV, 23).
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8THII'IeCRaH npIlHa;n:JIe'HHOCTb apI'JiJ:llrreB 'famHe OCTaeTCH
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MM !iJIM yrpaMM. BbICI{a3bIBaJIMCb TaKiI\8 ;n:pyrMe rrpe;n:rrOJIO-
HteHJiJ:.H.
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Ilble 3eMJIM fepo;n:oTY rrO'ITII HeII3BeCTHbI. BOT '11'0 OH
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pue cmIT B TeT.J:eHIIe illeCTII MeCH:qen. 8TO H oTBeprRlO C
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M3BeCTHO, 'ITO TaM lIHmYT lIcce}J;OH:bI; 0 TOM nm, 'ITO naxo
}InTCR no HanpaBJIeHJiIlO H ceBepHoMy De Tpy, BbIIIIe rrJIeIIIM-
BbIX -il llccep;OHOB, HeM3BeCTHO HMT.J:erO, RpOMe Toro, 'ITO OHM
CRMJiI paCCH1:13bIBaIOT>} (IV, 24-25).
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]],0 fepop:OTa He MOI'JIll }J;O:HTJI cnep;eHMH lI3 apRTJI'IeCRHX
paiiOHOB, II CHJIOIIHIOTCH R MbICJIH, 'ITO pe'Il> M}J;eT 0 [(OJII'oii
CypOBOii: 3RMe C )];JIllHHbIMH HO'IaMH H HOpOTKlIMH }J;l-lHMH,
IWI'}J;a 'IeJIOBeH BbIHY,H)];en iIIeCTb MeCHn;eB CIIp;eTl> }J;OMa.
BTopaH TO'IRR 3peHMH, HR MOM B3I'JIHp:, Hey6eJJ:llJ:eJIbHa.
Bep:b p:OJIraH CyponRH 3HMa 6bIJIa II y Tex me apI'HrrneeB,
CR8i-I<€M, Hcce}J;oHoB MJIll R03JIOHOI'llX. Ho 0 mIX He CR83ano,
'1TO OHJiI cnHT IIIeCTb MeCHn;en. CJIep:OBRTeJIbHO, IJpl1'IBTIa
IUIaH. HaRaH me?
.H p;yMalO, 'ITO B ElTJiIX CJIOBaX nop;paaYMeBaeTCH Bce me
75

nOJ1HpnaH lIO'Ib. TIO'IeMy, co6CTBeHHO, p,o fOpO.D;OTa He MorJ1R
p,OMTI1 H3BeCTHH 06 aTOM YHHI{aJ1blIOM HBJ1eHHH rrpHpop,bI?!
Bep,b rrJ10MeHa, 1UIaBIllHe 0 rrom-rpHOM HO'IJiJ:, 'HHJ1H He B rrOJ1-
BOM M30J1HI(HM OT BCoro MMpa, a nop,p,ep'KJiJ:BamI orrpep,0J10H-
HbIe CBH3H CO CBOHMH cocep,HMJiJ:. TaK, no :qerrO'IKe, aTH HH-
TepeCHMe CBep,OHRH MOrJ1H )J;OMTH Kyp,a yrop,HO. IIpH aTOM
ClIR nCKalliaJ1RCb, 06paCTaJ1H HeHCHOCTHMH H ,BbI3bIB-aJ1H CO-
MHemiIH. IIoaTOMY HX Hepep,KO C'IHTamI Hep,OCTOBOpHbIMlI
HJ1lI p,alIe IIpOCTO BbIMbIIlIJ1eHHbIMM. ,D;a'Ke fepO)J;OT, He)J;OJ1rO
P,YMaH, cpa3Y me OTBepr OTI'0J10CKH BTHX CBep,eHlIM KaR He
S3CJ1YlliHBalOIIJ;lIe )J;OBepMH.
A TaKoe OTHOUleHMe repo)J;oTa, MHe RallieTCH, KaK pas .a
CBH.D;OTeJ1bCTByeT 0 TOM, 'ITO sp;ec.b nop;pa3YMeBaeTCH HMeHHO
nOJ1HpHaH HO"'I:b. I1Ha'Ie repop;OT He CKa3aJ1 6bI: «OTO H OT-
BepralO C caMoro Ha'IaJ1a>}. C RaKOM CTaTH OH, KOpOUlO 3HaB-
mHM 0 rrpOp,OJ1lliHTeJ1bHbIX CypOBbIX SHMax, OTBepraJ1 6bI H3-
l'eCTHH 0 TOM, 'ITO IIO 3TOM rrpH'IHHe J11OP;H B.bIHYlI{)J;eH.bI ;LJ,0J1-
roe BpeMH CH;LJ,eT.b ;LJ,OMa?! R'oHe'IHO me, eMY paCCKa3aJ1H 06
O'IeHb MaJ10M3BeCTHoM B TO BpeMH rrOJ1HpnOM HO'IH. CBe;LJ,e-
HIm 6.bIJ1JiJ:, 603 cOMHeHHH, ne lI3 nepm:'Ix PYI{, nYTaH.bIe M
l'vlaJ10IIOHHTHbIe. IIonoMY fepo;LJ,OT He BOCIIpHHHJ1 MX M C'IeJ1
BbI.n;YMIWM.
Eru;o O;LJ,HH aprYMeHT. BYKBaJ1.bHO 'Iepe3 HeCROJ1bKO CTpOR
repo;:xoT paCCKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO 3MMa 3;LJ,eC.b .D;J1lITCH eoce;Mb Me-
OIJJ;eB: «BcH aTa CTpaH3, 0 ROTOpOM 6bIJ10 CKa3ano, OTJ1M-
TiaeTCfI Heo61>PIHO XOJIOp,HbIMH 3JiJ:MaMJiJ:; 3.D;eCb B Te'IeHMe
P>OCJJMH MeCH:qeB MOp03 TaKoR HecTepIIHMbIM, 'ITO eCJIM B BTO
IlpeMH pa3J1HT:b BOP;Y, TO rpH3H He rrOJIY'IMUlb. Ho eCJIJiJ: pa3-
me'Ib orOHb, TO TbI IIOJIY'IMUlb rpfl3:b>} (IV, 28). IhaK, YKa-
3RHI)I eOCe:Mb MeCH:qeB 3JiJ:MbI, a He z.ueCTb. A J11O.D;M, ° KOTO-
p:bIX M;LJ,eT pe'Ib, CIIflT UleCT:b MeCfl:qeB. CJIe.D;OBaTeJ1.bHO, 3;LJ,eCb
n)BOpHTCfl 0 COBepUlOHHO pa3HbIX BeIIJ;ax.
Tan-HM 06pa30M, M3JIOmenHbIe co06palIWHHfl CHMMaIOT
OCTaBlllHeCfl COMHOHHfl. B C006ru;OHHlI repo;LJ,OTa, HR MOM
1>3rJJfl.n;, OTpalI{eHbI CBe.D;oHHfl ° nOJ1flpHOM HO'IM.
03lIaKOMHMCfl Tenep.b C HCCe.D;OHaMH. OHH yRa3aHbI R BO-
CTOI{Y OT aprMllrroeB. BOJ1bUlHHCTBO MCCJ1e;LJ,OBRTOJIeM _J10KaJIM-
3YOT no IIJ10MH BOCTO'IHee YpaJ1a. TaKafl JIOKaJ1H3aJJ;HH co-
OTBOTcTByeT p,aHHbIM repO.D;OTa.
Ho Bonpoc C HCCe.D;OHaMM 6oJ1ee CJI01-KeH. ,D;eJIO B TOM,
'ITO CBeJJ;eHlIH 0 HHX HMelOTCfl TaKllie Y HJ1aB;LJ,HH II TOJ1eMOfl.
11 OH YI{a3bIBaeT p;Ba ropop;a C TaRJiJ:M Ha3BaHHeM: JlIcce.n;oH
CI{H«pCI{MM H I1cCe;LJ,oH B CepMHe (IV, 13, 3; VI, 15, 4;
VI, 16, 5, 7). BTOpOM I1cceJJ;oH J10KammyeTcfI r;LJ,e-To B paMo-
ne, BocTO"<IHoro TypI{eCTaHa. IIoaTOMY HeMaJIO Hcc.rrep;OBaTe-
76

JIeM pa3Meru;alOT 1iICce}1.0HOB B BTOM perHOHe. BbICIW3bIBaJIHCI,
II FUlble TO'IKJiI 3peHJiIH.
AHaJIH3HPYH paCXO,K}1.emm UCTO'IHHI{OB, M. I-\IICCJIHHr
IIOTIbITaJICH COrJIaCOBaTb HX. 110 ero npe}1.TIOJIO'HeHHIO, rrCce,D:O-
I'lbI, 6Y,D:Y'IJiI KO'IeBHHIWMH, nepeMeru;aJIIICb C O,D:Horo MeCTa
na ,D:pyroe, II n08TOMY YKa3aHbI B pa3HbIX MeCTax. TaKoe
06'bHCHeHHe npe,D:CTaBJIH8TCH BrrOJIHe BepOHTHbIM.
qTO 'He HaM H3BeCTHO 00 HcceJJ;OHax? repOJJ;OT BHpaTIe
paCCKa3bIBaeT 0 HeKOTopbIX 06bl'IaHX STOro IIJIeMeHH: d1cce-
nOHbI, KaH rOBopHT, UMelDT BOT TaHHe 06bPIaII: KOTJJ;a y 'Ie-
JIOBeKa YMHpaeT OTen;, Bce pOJJ;CTBeHHHKH rrpHBOJJ;HT MeJIKlIll
CHOT H 3aTeM, rrpHHeCH ero B 'HepTBY M paapy6HB MHCO na
HYCRH, pa3py6a1OT H TeJIO YMeprnero OTn;a Toro 'JeJIOBeRa,
KOTOpbIll HX TIpHHJiIMaeT. CMernaB Bce MHCO, OHH YCTpaMBalDT
I!HprneCTBO.
fOJIOBY YMeprnero, YJJ;aJIHB C Hee BOJIOCbI H O'IHCTHB, oun
BOJIOTHT, a BaTeM rrOJIb3Y1OTCH elD RaK 'IarneH }1.JIH B03JIHH-
HHH rrpH eHerOJJ;HbIX OOJIbrnHX mepTBorrpHHorneHUfIX. CbIlI
JJ;eJIaeT STO JJ;JIH OTJJ;a, rrOJJ;06HO TOMY, KaR SJIJIHHbI CrrpaBJIHIDT
nOMHHaJIbHbIll JJ;eHb. Bo06ru;e H{e H OHM C'IHTalOTCH crrpaBep;-
JIHBbIMH; meIIrn;HHbI Y HHX COBeprneHIIO paBHorrpaBHbI C
Mym'IHHaMH>} (IV, 26).
A B nepBoM RHHre CBoero TpYJJ;a repOJJ;OT paCCRaHbmaeT
00 aHaJIOrH'IHbIX 06bI'IaHX Y MaccareTOB: {<11peJJ;eJJ mH3HM
EM rrOJIOH{eH He KaKOll-JIH60 HHOH, HO RorJJ;a 'IeJIOBeR CTaHO-
BHTCH O'IeHb CTapbIM, Bce pOJJ;CTBeHHMI\H, coopaBrnHCb
BMeCTe, npHHOCHT ero B H{epTBY H BMeCTe CHUM TaHHW MeJI-
RHH pOraTbIH CKOT; OBapUB MHOO, OHJiI YCTpaUBalDT nRp.
TaKaH OMepTb Y HHX C'IHTaeTCH caMOM C'IaCTJIMBOll.
YMepITIerO me OT oo.rreBHU He C'b8)..(aIOT, HO rrorpe6alOT B
3eMJIlO, C'IHTaH HeC'IaCTbeM, 'ITO OH He ,D:omHJI JJ;O npHHece-
HHH B H{epTBY» (I, 216).
Ho JJ;aHHble apXeOJIOrMH Bce,-TaRH He 1l0}J;TBep'H)..(aIDT
onHcaHHbIll fepOJJ;OTOM OObI'Iall OTHOCMTeJIbHO 'IeperroB.
B HaCToHrn;ee BpeMH H3BeCTHa JIMITIb OJJ;Ha H8XOJJ;WJ. 06JIOM-
KOB 'IaITIH, CJJ;eJIalIHOM H3 'IeJIOBe'IeCIWrO 'Ieperra. 8Ta H8XO)..(-
HB aa«pMRcHpoBaHa It B. CaJIbHMKOBbIM Ha TeppHTOpHH CH-
6IIpH B RypraHe EJIeCHHa HMa. TO'II-ree, 0 caMOM <pawre
cyrn;ecTBoBaHHH TaRoro OObI'IaH rOBopHTb MOHnlO, HO He 0
ero IlIHpOROM paCTIpOCTpaHeHHH. BMJJ;HMO, HHiPopMaTOp fe-
pO)..(OTa CMJIbHO rrpeYBeJIH'IHJI CBeJJ;eHHH 00 STOM.
TaKoBbI ci3eJJ;emuI fepoJJ;oTa 06 HCC8JJ;OHax. A 0 3eMJIHX,
JIeH{am;I'IX I{ CeBepy OT HHX, ,D:OCTOBepHbIX }J;aHHbIX y Hero
He 6bIJIO. II OH C 'Iy'RMX nepecKa30B rrHITIeT CJIeJJ;YIOIT(ee:
{\TaR B-OT H 0 HUX cBeJJ;eIUJH eCTb, a 0 TOM, 'ITO HaXO,D:MTCH
77

I-blme HHX, Mccep;OHbI rOBOpJIT - TaM eCTb OJJ;HOrJIa3bIe JIIOJJ;H
H rp l'[(pbl , cT8peryru;Me 30JIOTO. I1epemm OT IIcceJJ;OHOB, no
paCCRa3bIBaIOT CRl'[(pbI, a y CRHOB n03aMMCTBOBam MbI,
npO'IHe, H Ha31>IBaeM IlX nO-CRIICRH a:pHMacna:r.m; BeAb
eJIOBOM "apHMa" CRR<pbI 0003Ha'IaIOT "OAHO", a CJIGROM
"cny" - "rJIaa"}) (IV, 27).
bOJIee rrop;pOOHbIe cBeAeHHH 06 apIlMacnax MomHO no-
'IepnHYTb B ROMMeHTapMHX EBcTaMH R «3eMJIeOITlICaHIIIO»
tJ,IiOHHCIIH. 3HaM8HlITbIll MHTpOITOJII-IT eCCaJIOHHRCRHll npM-
POAMT AaHHbIe 113 HeCROJIbRlIX aHTH'IRbIX IICTO'IRIIROB II npep;-
C'IaBJIHeT ce6e <)TO ITJIeMH He I,taKMM-TO MmlnPlecKI1M, a cy-
meCTBYIOITHM BIIOJIHe peaJIbHO.
«ApIIMaCIlbI - CRIICKI1ll HapOJJ;; .lXHoHHcHll Ha3bIBaeT HX
 " ( " A
"apeMMaHbI "H8MCTOBCTBYIOIIUIe OT peca, "BOMHCTBeH-
" ) 8  "
Hble ,a CXMJI lIa3bIBaeT MX "OJJ;HOrJIa3bIM BOHCROM, [10-
TOMY 'ITO OHM, 6Y)J;Y ' UI BeCI,Ma HCHYCHbIMII CTpeJIRaM:II, p;JUI
Toro, "I'f06bI BepHee npHJJ;eJIHTbCH, 3aRpbIBaIOT I'JIa3. H, MO-
meT 6bITb, BC.TIelWTBHe npMJIemHoro ynpaHmeHlIH B aTOM C
)"IeTCTBa, RaI{ rOBopHT H )J;peBIIMe, y HHX OP;UH rJIa3 cJJ;eJIaJICH
MeHbIlle JJ;pyroro.
A CBepx Toro, OHM, eCTeCTBeHHO, POP;HTCfi C 9THM H8p;0-
C'IaTROM OT paHee nOJIY'IIIBIllHX, ero me OT:qOB, II BCJIep;CTBHe
IIOCTOHHRoro ITOBTOpeHHH 3TOT ReJJ;OCTaTOR C}1:eJIaJICH OTJIIf'III-
TeJIbHbIM npII3HaROM IIJIeMeHII: He HHa'Ie, ROHe'IHO, rOBopHT,
npOIf3BeJla upHpo.n;a CTOJIb qYP;OBI'Cmnoe UJIeMH...
OHean, OMbIBaIOru;IIll 3eMJIIO apIIMacnOB, na3bIBaeTCfi JIe-
J;OBHTbIM, I-\pOHHllCRIIM R MepTBbIM. IlPII'IHHOll <11'01'0 Ha3Ba-
liRH, ITO CJIOBaM ,[J,IIOHMCHH, CJIymMT cJIa60e OCBeru;eH:l!ie COJIH-
I(a, ROTopoe He M01ReT YMeHbIllHTb BJIary, 3aCTaBMB ee pac-
TaHTb H, 06paTHBlliHCb B napDI, nO}1:HHTbCH BBepx; "COJII-I-
IJ,8,- rOBopIfT OH,- xyme CBeTnT HaJJ; 3THM MopeM If Bcerp;a
3aKpbITO Mpa'IHbIMJiJ: TY'IaMn" BCJIep;CTBne crymem1H o5JIa-
1mB: InaR, 3TO MeCTO p;eMCTBHTeJIbHO XOJIOJJ;Hoe H n03TOMY
HOCMT na3BaRHe, COOTBeTCTBYIOlI\ee erO 'Ipe3MepHOMY XOJIOJJ;Y.
HpOIUIllCRIIM me na3bIBaeTCH OH BCJIep;CTBIIe Taro, qTO B
BTI1X MeCTax, KaR rOBopHT, rocnO)J;CTByeT 8B83p;a KpoH, 1\01'0-
paH, CJIbIBH y 3Be3p;Q!I8TOB 3a XOJI9}1:HyID, pacnOJIaraeT K
OXJImEA8HIIIO, IIO'IeMY ell TaRme npHIIHcbIBaeTCH XOJIOJJ;...
A qTO 13 3TUX npl'IOReaHCI\HX MeCTHOCTHX - CIIJIbHbIH XOJIOP;,
HTO ]:!.O!{a3bIBaIOT H naxop;Hru;neCH BbrIlle aplIMaCITOB PIW8ll-
RHe ropLl, CROTOpbIX JJ:yeT XOJIoJJ:HI:J:ll Bopell II rJJ;e HHRorp;a
I-fe CXO]:!HT CHer}) (s 31, 32).
TaROB:bI OCHOBHble CBeJJ;eHHH aHTH'IHbIX aBTopOB 06 apH-
Macnax. CB8JJ;eHHH, R.aR Mb1 BH)J;HM, He COBC6M nOHHTHbIe H
Reo.n;R03Ha qHhIe.
78

Of)noULa3bte .fl7-08u. 11 epUif;OHbl. (epUif;bl.), cTepeeYUfue
30.;WTO. q TO 8TO - CRaSO'IHbIe l\HHln>I IInIT RaICHe-TO peaJHUI,
06pOCIIIHe MH<pH'IeCRHME IIo.n;po6HOCTRMII? CaM fepo.n;OT
3THM paCCI\asaM He BepITT: «B C€BepHhlX 06naCTHX EBpOn:bI,
OHaShIBaeTCH, MHOI'D SOJIOTR. HaR OHO p;o6hmaeTCH, aTOI'D R
TO'IHO CI\aSaTb He Mary. fOBOPHT, 'ITO o.n;HDI'JIa3hIe JIIOP;H-
apI1MaCnbI -IiOXHII:(aIOT eI'O y rpR<pDB. Ho H II B BTO He Bepro,
paBHO RaR II B TO, 'ITO JIIOp;n pmH.n;aIOTCH Op;HOrJIa3:bIMH,
HMeH rrpO'IHe rrpnpOp;I:IbIe cBolicTBa TaIme 'He, EaR II y
OCTanbHbIX mop;e::!. Ho, rrO-Bn.n;Hl\IOMY, caMbIe Rpaihme 06-
JlaCTIr, ROTOphIe 3aMbmaIOT H 3a:KJIIO'IaIOT BrryTpII CeDIT BCro
Oc.TaJIbHYlO 3eMJIIO, p;eHCTBHTeJIbRO IIMelOT TO; 'ITD C'IHTaeTCH
Y Hac caMbIM rrpeRpaCHhL\I II CaMhIl\I pe.n;Ii'HM)} (HI, 116).
A MHeHMH COBpel\IeHHhIXMCCJIep;OBaTeJIei[ pa3p;CJIRJHIC:b.
OP;HM COllmeBRlOTCH B peaJIbHOCTII cyru;ecTBOBaHITH apIIMac-
rrOB n C'InTalOT JIereHiJ,y 0 HHX II 0 rpu<p8x OP;HHM H3 Ba-
pliaHTOB CRa30'IHOrO cromeTa, IIIHpOIW pacnpocTpaHemroro
c.pep;ll Hapop:OB [(eHTpaJIhHOM A3ll11, KIITaH, HU.n;IIll II )J.py
rEX perHOHOB.
,l],pyrlle yqeHhIe C'IllT8IOT, 'ITO apIIM8CIIhI p;eMCTBHTeJIbHO
cyrn;ecTBOna.1In. KaI{ IIpHMoe .n;ORa3aTeJIhCTBO SToro OIIll npn-
BO.n;HT CBe.n;eHllH ApnCTeH, EOTOphIe, Hap;o nonar8Th, M no-
CJIY»{HJIH IICTO'IHllI\OM p;JIH fepOJJ;OTa. TIoMeru;aJIM apllMfJ.CIIOB
B pa3.1IiI'IIIbIX paMOH8.X OT YpaJIa .n;o AJITaH. :,ho - I{aK pa3
nalI60JIee 60raThle SOJIOTOM MeCTa. 11 3p:eCh H3BeCTHbI p;peB-
lIMe pa3pa6oTI\H 30JIOTa.
AHaJIHSHPYH Hl\-ferorn;necH iJ,aHHhle, CJIe.n;yeT OTMeTJilTb,
'lTO Bonpoe 06 apnMacnax p;o CIIX ITOp He perneR AO I\OHu;a.
C OP:HOR CTOpOHbI, 3.n;eCh HaJIn:n;o HBHO MH<pH'IeCRHe CBep:e-
IH'!H, a C p;pyroM - P;OBOJIbHO p:ocToBepHaH llniPopMaU;.llH, KO-
'TOpaH R TO MY me rro.n;TBepJi{p:aeTCH COBpeMeHI-IbIM.ll HCCJIeiJ,O-
BiUIMHMM. MomHo rrpep;rrOJIOJimTh, 'ITO pe'Ib Mp;eT 0 peaJIbHO
cYll\eCTBOBaBmeM Hapop:e. Ha3BaI-me 3TOro nJIeMeIIII IIPH
npon3HoIIIeHMll Ha .n;pyroM HShIKe MCHa3HJIOCb. IiI y}Ite MCI\a-
meHHoe lIa3BaHHe BMeCTe C paccKa30M 0 MIwmeCTBe SOJIOTa
rropo,n:HJIH MlIiPH'IeCKMe IIOP;pOOI-HJCTll 0 HHX C3.M.HX II 0 P:06bI-
'le SOJID'Ia.
Teneph Bellmoro D rpmpOHax. fP;iPOIIbI, B OITIICaIIIlII aII-
'TM'1HhIX aBTopoB - BTO Mll<pH'IeCKrre HphI.lIa ThIe CYllWCTB8. C
rOJIOBoM opJIa H TenOM JIhBa. Gnu - cTpamrr 30JIO'TB. II p;py-
I'HX c<mpOBHIl(.
CBeiJ,eHIuI 0 rpHOHax, y ROTOPI,IX apl1MaCHbI rroxIUl\aIOT
30JIOTO, BOCXOiJ,HT, uaAO rrOJIaraTI" It ApncTelo. Am. BOJITOH,
CIJeJ1l8JlbHO tl3y<r3BIIIHM BonpOCbI pacnpOCTpaH€mUI o6pasa
rpHOHa B HCRYCCTBe napOiJ,OB EnpOllbI, A3H.ll, BJIIlmHerO
79

BOCTORa, rrpIUnOJI I\ BbIBOJJ;Y, '11'0 ero CTOJIb orpOJVIIIaH TIony-
JHlpHOCTb JJ;OCTETHYTa 6JIaroJJ:apH IIMOHHO ApMCTOID.
¥I306pameluur rpH<pOHOB mupORO l7f3BOCTH.bI B CaI\IO:0:
CIUI<pMH. 81'01' 06pa3 - OJJ:I-Ia M3 BamHOMmHX COCTaBHbIX
'IacTe:ti OCHOBHOM rpyrrU.bI II306pa}I{OHHM CI\H<p0-CH6npcRoro
3BepIIHoro CTHJIH. B COBOpIIOM fIpM'IepHOMOpbO OC060I-IHO
'IaCT.bI HaXOJJ;KH 30JIOTbIX YRpameIIHM, COCYJJ:OB H JJ;PyrHx
npOJJ;MeTOB, Ha ROTOpbIX MbI BH):(HM pa3JIH'IHbIe CI(OH.bI C I'PH-
<poHaMH.
J],. C. PaoBcKfLfI, paCCMaTpHBaH OCIIOBI-lYID TpliIa):(Y
300MOP<PIIbIX 06paaoB rpeRo-cKfI<pcRoro HCRYCCTBa, OTMO-
''Jawr: «3aCJIymHBaeT TIPM BTOM BIIHMaHHH, '11'0 rpIIwoH B"
TpaRTOBRO rpoRo-cKH<pcRoro HCRYCCTBa - BTO CYII(OCTBO, co-
'IOTaIDII(Oe B co6e 'IOpTbI XHII(HOM UTHI(bI H J1bBa, T. o.
300MOPWHbIX OJIMI(OTBOpOHHM 060HX rrOTYCTOPOHHHX MH-
pOB - BopXHoro H HHmHoro. ¥IHbIMH CJIOBaMH, HCTIOJIb3YH
PTOT 06pa3, ):(aHHOO HCRYCCTBO ):(OBO):(HT ):(0 J10I'H'IeCROrO ROH-
IW TY TOH):(OHI(HID R OTIHCaIIHID cpe):(CTBaMH 300JIOrH'IeCROrO
Iw):(a lI-mp03):(aIuur RaR 6HHapHOM, a He TepIIaplIOM cTpywry-
I'bI, KOTopaH BbIille 6bIJIa OTMe'IOHa ):(JIFI CRHWCRoro CTHJIH:
"BTOT" MHP, MHp CMOpTIIbIX, CMMBOJIH3HPYOMbIM RorrbITHbI-
MH, rrpOTHBOCTOMT "MHOMY" MHPY, MHPY CMepTH B ero pa3-
JIH'IHbIX HTIOCTaCHX - "BopXHeM" (XHII(HaH IITH:qa), "HIIrH:-
HeM" (ROilla'IHM XHII(HHR) HJIH COBMOII(OHlIOM (rpH<p0H»>
[87, c. 1.50].
T8IWBbI CBe):(OHHH repo):(oTa 0 CKfIWCKHX IlJIOMOI-raX H
FIX COCel-J:HX. flaR HOTPY):(HO 3aMeTHTb, 3):(OCb eII(O MHOI'O He-
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napaJIJIOJIHM, 6JIH3Ra R MHWOJIOrHJiI MpaHOH3bI'IHbIX HapO):(OB,
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, OJJ:IIHM 113 OCHOBHbIX Ii[ IIaH6oJIoo I(OHIIbIX HCTO'IHlifROB
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80

pO,lJ;OT, e1'o IIe3aMeIIHMaR «¥ICTOPX1H». B HeM nOCJIe onHca-
IIHH IIaH60JIee 3UaqHTeJIbHbIX pel{ )TOM C1'paflbI H,lJ;eT ,lJ;0-
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mepTBeHHbIx 06pH,lJ;aX M pa3JIMqHbIX BepOnaHJiillX:.
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31'01\1 repO,lJ;OT: «EoroB OHM YMMJIOCTHBJIHIOT TOJIbRO TaKfIX:
60JIbilie Beero feCTMIO, RpOMe 1'01'0, 3eBca M reIO, IIOJIa1'aH,
'11'0 reR - /I{eI-Ia 3eBca, IIOCJIe IUIX: ArrOJIJIOHa M APOP,M1'Y
Ypm'Il1:IO M eru;e fepaRJI3 M Apeca. 3TMX 60roB rrOqMTaIOT
cce CRM<pbI. CRJiIbI /I{e, KOTOpbIX: Ha3blBaWT .qapcKHMH, npM-
HOCHT /I{epTBbl TaRme TIoceM,lJ;OHY. fecTMH y CRMqlOB Ha3bI-
BaeTCH Ta6MTJiI, 3eBc BnOJIHe rrpaBHJIbHO, no MoeMy MIIeIIMw,
30BeTCR HanaM, feH - AnM, AnOJIJIOH - fOM1'OCMP, Acf>po-
)IHTa YpaIUW - AprHMIIaca, HOCeM,lJ;OH - TarMMaCa,lJ;. Y IIHX:
He npMHHTO B03,lJ;BMraTb HM M306pameHMM, HM aJITapeM, nM
xpaMOB HMROMY H3 60rOB, RpoMe A peca. EMY me OHM B03-
l\BMraWT» (IV, 59).
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TMIO - Ta6MTM. HOqMTaHMe MHOrMX 60}I{eC1'D, JI3 ROTOpblX
Ol\HO 6bI.IT0 rJIaBIUJM, T. e. nOJIM1'eMCTMqeCRaH peJIMI'IIH, xa-
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rJIaBencTBYIOru;ee nOJIOmeHMe recTMII - 31'0 rr0 1 IMTaIIJiIe oam
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A TOT cf>aKT, '11'0 orOHb OJIM.qeTBOpHJICH B meHCKOM 06pa-
3e, rOBopMT 0 CBH3M 'c apXalIqeCRIfMM npeJJ:CT8BJIeHHHMH
o 60I'IH-Ie oqara RaR nOJJ:aTeJIbHHqe IIJIOp,CpOJJ:MH.
3eBC- HanaM CqMTaJICH npapOp,HTeJIeM clmcf>oB. CorJIaCIIO
J!creIIl\e 0 npOHcxomJJ:eHHH CKMcf>OB, 3eBC M JJ:0qb peKJiI Eopn-
ccf>eHa 6umI pOp,MTeJIHl\UI nepBoro CKJiIcf>a - TaprMTaH. Bam-
f10 OTMeTHTb, '11'0 qapb JiIJJ:aHTMpc B O1'BeTe )J,apJiIW BO BpeMH
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CBOMMJI H CqMTaIO TOJIbI\O 3eBca, Moero npep,Ka, M reCTMIO,
napMqy CKHcf>OB» (IV, 127).
feH-AnH, T. e. 3eMJIH, OJIHqeTBopHeT 3eMJIIO H B0JJ:Y Ra1\
OJJ:HO Ir3 OCHOBHbIX rropon>,lJ;aIOru;MX HaqaJI. A 6paQrrbJe yabI
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TflIOT BJIap;blqM:qeM YMepmMX, BeJIIfKHM oomeCTBOM ml'I3HH
11 ClI1epTIf.
81

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1'0 60meCTBa llI'paJI oc06eIHW BamHYIO pOJIb B mH3HH CRH-
cf>OB, COOTBeTCTBeHHO TOMY, RaR BeJIHIW ObIJIa pOJIb BOMHbI
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p;mrraJIII CBHTIIJIIIm;a II3 Bcex 60n,eCTB TOJIbRO op;nOMY-
HMBHHO Apecy.
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« Y Bcex y HHX no oRpyraM MX OOJIaCTBM YCTpaIIB8.IOTCH CBH-
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pexyrOJII,IIaH IIJIOm;ap;Ka, TPH ee CTOpOHbI OOpbIBHcTble,
C OP;HOH me CTOpOHbI OHa HMeeT }J;ocTyn. Kamp;bIM rop; OI-IH
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on H HBJIHeTCH H300pameHI1:eM Apeca. 3TOMY aRRHaRY emc-
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06m;e eMY B OTJIII'1He 01' APYI'IIX DoroB rrpHHOCHT Cl3epx TOro
em;e II TaKHe }I\epTBbI.
CROJIhKO ou OHH HH B8XBB.TIIJIH B ITJIeH BparOI{, op;lloro
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naJIbIBaIOT JIIOp;eH Hap; COCYP;OM H 38.TeM, nop;m:m ero nBepx
Ha RY'1Y XBopOCTa, BbIJIHBaIOT RpOBb Ha aRllRaK.
KpOBb OHH ReCYT HaBepx, a BRH3Y Y CBHTI1JIIIIIa l\eJIaIOT
c.Jrep;YIOm;ee. OTPy6aH Y Beex y6HTbIx JIIOP;CM rrpaBoe TIJIe'1O
BMeCTC C PYKOH, 6pocaIOT IIX B B03P;YX, H 3a1'OM, COBepmHB
OCTaJIbIIbIe n>epTBOIIpllROIIIeHHH, ORII y.L\aJIHIOTCH. PYRa
JTenUIT B TOM MeCTe, Ryp;a ynaAeT, a Tpyrr OTp;eJIbHO»
(IV, 62).
RaH MbI BHP;HM, CBHTHJIHm;a Apeca 6hIJII1 B€CbMa BHymH-
TeJIbHLIX pa3MepOB. Ho o6RapymHTb 8TH CBHTHJIHm;a Cell'1aC
npaI\TH'1eCKH neB03MomllO, TaR KaR OHH IIO"ITJ"iI He OCTaBHJlH
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06ru;aIOT aHTH'1IIble aBTopbI, Ha3bIBaJICH HOMOM (B nepeBOp;c
82

C IJ;peBIlerpelIeeI\Oro HOM - rraCTOIIIqe, BblrOR), a HalIaJILmm
oRpyra - HOMapXOM. .
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RHH CRH<pCRHH MelI. TaRHM me oopa30M H p;peBInw rpeKH
DOlIHTaJIH 3JIJIIIHCI-\Oro Apeca eII:\e BrOMepOBCRYIO 3TIOXY.
ECJIH n.;:e npOBOIJ;HTL COnOCT8.BJIeHHe C }J;pyrHMFI Hapop;a!VIH,
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JIH JI\epTBonplfRomemm CBoeMY 60ry BOHHbI ITa BepmlfITe
XOJIMa: Tpyn y6IIToro Bpara HaTLIR3.JIIT Ira IWUbe, IWTopoe,
nop;OOHO CRHlPCROMY aRHRaRY, npep;CTaBJUIJIO C060II 00-
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JIITmL l\pOBOma.D:Hoe 60meCTBO BOHHbI.
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P;JIH Bcex 60roB YCTanOBJIeH y HHX O.D:HH M TOT H\e npn Bcex
mepTBonpHHomeHHax, If COBepmaeTca OH CJIep;YIOIqllM oopa-
30M: caMO mepTBetIHOe mHBornoe CTaBHT co CBH38.HHbIMH
nepep;mIMH HoraMIf. TOT, RTO cOBepmaeT mepTBonpHHome-
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BaJIHT ero Ha38Mb. Korp;a JI{e mepTBeHHoe mMBOTHoe uap;a-
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eT H He COBepmaeT Hll npep;BapIITeJILHbIX oop.a.D:OB, IIH B03-
JIHaHH:fi, a 3ap;ymIB mepTBY M cop;paB C HeG mRYPY, OH
npHCTYHaeT K BapRe r.mca» (IV, 60).
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o TOM, I\aR IfM8HHO BapRT" MHCO n.;:epTB8HRoro nnmOTHoro:
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cp;epYT umypy C II\8pTBeIUIoro j{{HBOT110rO, OHI-I om-Jm;aIOT
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JIec6occm-Ie l{paTepbI, pa3BG TOJTbRO MHoro 66.TIbJJIHX pa3Me-
pOR. Epoc8..a B HHX MRCO, BapHT ero, nop;m.nraH CHH3Y ROC-
TH j{{epTBeHHbIX iKHBOTHbIX. EC-JIH H{8 Y HHX no.D: PYIWli HeT
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83

npHIIOiliCHIIe, OTpeSaB Ha'IaTKH MflCa II BIryTpcIIHoCTeii, 6po-
caeT !ilX Ha SCMJIIO nepe.n; COOO}!. B lI{epTBY OHn rrplIlIOCHT
BCHRIIX JJ;OMaIIIHHX IIUmOTHbIX H ocooeHHO JIoIIIap:cih)
(IV, 61). .
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Hoe mUBOTHoe He pe3aJIH, a .o;YIIIHJIH. ITOqeMY?
It HO:0:MaH C'1HTaJI, '1TO 9TO .o;eJIaJIOCb, .n;mI Toro '1TOObI
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CTaJJ:HH B .o;JIHHY H IIIHpI-IHY, a B BI,ICOTY nt;e MeHI,IIIe», T. e.
npH6JIHSHTeJIbHO 500 X 500 M, II (<Ram.n;bIll ro.n; OI-IH HaBaJIII'"
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84

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neR Y p;peBHHX MOHrOJIOB, a B HOBoe BpeMf! - Y 6YPH'f II
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IJ,apCRHe C!{H<PbI, ROTopble mlIJIII, nO)J;'IepRIIBam, pHP;OM C
MopeM. IT09TOMY, MHe RanWTCH, 81'0 60meCTBO CJIep;yeT
CqHTaTb HMeHHO MOpCRHM. Ero C(>IIOCTaBJIHIOT 'TaRme C
IToceHi-WHOM rlIrrnHeM II BHJJ;HT B 9TOM RYJIbTe nOTJHTarme
ROHH.
TaROBbI OCHOBHbIe 601I\eCTBa, ROTOpLIM nORJIOHJIJIHCb
CRHcf>LI. qIITaTeJIIO, ROHe'IHO, HHTepecno Y3naTL, H3BeCTHbI
JIll H306pameHIIH 9THX oomeCTB. B I(eJIpM Ha 91'01' Bonpoc
MomHO OTBeTHTL YTBepp;HTeJILHO. lIo 3p;eCL C.TOJIbRO pa3JIHq-
HbIX, B3aHMOHCRJIIOqaIOll(IIX TOTJeH 3peHHH, I\OTopble p;o CHX
nop OCTaIOTCJI cnopHbIMH, '11'0 neJIb3H C IIOJIHOH YBepeHIIQ-
CTbIO CqHTaTb TO HJIH IIHOe MHeHHe aOCOJIIOTHOn HCTHHOM.
ITepenp;eM Tenepb H 3HaROMCTBY co CRH<PCI{HMH mperw-
MH. "Y cImcf>oB, RaR II y p;pyrHX HH)]:OHpaHciuu lIapop;OB,
CYll(eCTBOBaJIO rvIHoro lI\peI(OB. 31'0 6bIJIa OoOC06JIeHHaH co-
n;lIaJIblIaB 1'pyrrna, OT)]:eJILHbIe KaTe1'opIIH ROTOpOM 3aHHMaJIH
P;OBOJIbRO BblCORoe TIOJIO/RenMe. BOT '11'0 TIMilleT 0 lIHX fe-
pop;m:
«ITpopu:n;aTeJIeH y CRHcf>OB MHoI'o: anH IIpOpHn;aIOT c
IIOMOIIJ;LrO OOJILillOrO 'IMCJIa MBOBhIX npYTHRoB CJIep;YIon:t;HM
85

oopa30M: npHHeCfI OOJIbillHe rrY'IKil npYTilROB, OHH, nOJIOJ-HHB
HX lIa 3eMJIIO, paS'be;:J;HHHIOT II, paCK.'IaW>IBafI npYTbH no
OJJ:HOMY, BeID;aIOT H, npOH3HOCH npop:m::{aHHfI, OJJ;HOBpSMemw
CHona c06HpaIOT npYTbH Ii[ onHTb no OJJ;HOMY CK.rraJJ;bIBaIOT HX.
Y milX 31'0 nCRYCCTBO rrpop:nu;am1H, H):(yID;ee 01' OTI(OB,
a 3HapeH - meHorrOJJ;OOHbIe MYlK'IHHbI, rOBopHT, '11'0 HM HC-
RYCCTBO npopIIIJ;aHHH JJ;a.rra AcppOJJ;HTa. TaR BOT DHH npopiI-
n;aIO'f no Rope mmbI. IIpopHn;aTeJIb. paspesaB RYCOK KOpU
Ha TPH 'IaCTH, rreperrJIeTaH H paCII.1IeTafI llX BORPYI' CEonx
naJIbn;eB, rrpOpO'IeCTByeT}} (IV, 67).
8TOT crrocoo l'ap;amm IIoATBeplK.!J:aBTCH jJ;aHHbIMIi! apxeo-
JIOTHH.> B OJJ;HOM H3 norpe6emm: KypraHHoTO llWrIIJIbHIma
Ha p. fbeR ObI.Jl1[ Han.n;eHbI naJIO'IRH ):\JIH rap:aHlIH - rrY'IOR
TOrrOJIeBbIX HJIH HBOBMX rrpYTbeB paDHON J]:IDIHbI B 60 CM.
3AeCb OhIJI COBBpmeH ODpH,I!; qaCTH'lHOrO Tpynoco1IOt{8HHfI,
OJIarO.D;apR 'lBMY raJ]:aTBJII,HbIe rraJIO'lIrn 06yrJIH.JIHCI, H CO-
XpaHIDI:HCb. XOpOllO COXpaIDI.JICR :H CTOHBIillIM: Ha HJiIX JJ;epe-
BRHRbIH }ImpTBeHHbrn COCYJ]:. IIRJIO'lR:H JIemRJIH BAOAb JIeBO-H
PYKH norpeoeHHoro, ROTOpbIR ObIJI, HRJJ;O HOJIaTa'!'b, mpen;OM,
raP:RTeJ;fellI lIa rrRJIO'IR8X.
T1H\He HaxOiW:H, no BceR BHP:H:lIIOCTH, HepeJJ;KO BCTpe'lalOT-
CH B CKUCPCKIiX rrorpeoeH:nHX, HO li3-sa MOXON coxpalIHocTH
oc-raIOTCH nesacpHRc:npOBRHHbIM:H. IImrl'oMY xo-qeTCH oopa-
THTI:. EHlIMRHne :HCCJIe.o;OBRTeJIeM: Ha HeODXOJJ;llMOCTI, DOJIee
, TlI\RTeJIbHoR cp:HRCan;IlH OCTaTROB epBBB, H .o:pyrHX MaTepna-
JIOE, nyCTb p:alKe COBcellI H€3Ha'lHT8JII:.HbIX CJIe)J;OB.
HaJ]:o ynoMHHYTb TaRlKe 0 30JIOTOR IlJIB,CTIlIDW H3 H3BeCT-
Horo AMYAapbHHCKoro R.rraJ]:a. Ha HeR H300pameH MYJR'lHHa
C rrY'IROM rrpYTI:.eB B PYHax. MomHo npeJ]:IIOJIarfiTb, '11'0
J]:peBHHn xY.D;OmHHR 3arre'IaTJI8JI 3;:J;ecb CKHcpCRoro mpen;a Co
rrRJIO'IRRl>UI AJIR rR.D;aH:HH.
MHTepeCHO oTMeTETb, 'ITO CHHWCKH.H cnocoo rRp:amm ITa
rraJIOQRaX nO,I!;'fBepU\J]:aeTcff :H 9THOrpmp:H'IeCH:HM:H MRTepHa-
JIRlII:H. E.rrH3mm' cnocoo rap:Rmm onncaH IICCJIe.n;oBfiTeJIHM:H y
oceTHH.
TerrepI, 00 BHapeRx - iI';eHonoJ]:Oom.u MYjI{-q:HH8X. 81.'01'
TepMIUI CneI(HRJI:HCTM BbIBOJJ;HT OT :HpaHCHOro CJIOBa napa-
M.YJlC'-luna, ROTopoe C npHcTaBRoH a(a) OSna'IfleT ne MYJIC-
'luna.
RaR nepe.D;aeT fepoJJ:oT, mmpeH «f'OBOpHT, '11'0 HM HCRYC-
CTBO npopHn:amm .D;aJIR AtPPO.n;HTfU} (IV, 67). I\RH nOHHMRTb
HX CJIORa?
B HR'IRJIe cnoero TpY.D;a (<OTen; HCTOPHH» paCCJ\a3bmReT
o TOM, Ral{ CRH<pbI EO BpeMH rocrrop:CTBa B ABRIl J]:BliUIYJIHCb
Ha ErHrreT. B CHpHHCHOII ITaJIeCTHHe :HX C ooraTbIM:H Aapa
86

MJiI BCTpeTKJI n;apb ErMIITa TIcaMMeTHX If MOJIboaMIf ynpo-
CHJI He H,lI.TH ,lI.aJIbme. CIUlq,bI "BHHJIH ero npoCb6e I1 1I0Bep-
HYJIH oopamo. IT POXO)J)l MHMO cnpMifCRoro ropo,ll.a ACRaJIO-
Ha, Heoom;maH 'IaCTb CRHq,OB OTCTaJIa 0'1' CB06ro BOMcRa 1'1
paarpaomIa pacnOJIOmeHIffiIH TaM xpaM Aq,pOP;HThI YpaHHH,
T, e. He6eCHOll:,- ,rweBHeMmee CBHTHmnqe aToM 6onnm:.
11 3a 3'1'0 rpaOHT8JIJiI ObIJIH HaRaaaHbI, RaR TIHmeT repOP;OT,
BeCbMa OpHI'IIHaJIbHbIM cnocoooM: «A Tex CKJlHpOB, ROTOpbIe
pa3rpa6HJIli xpaM B ACRaJIOIIe" If Bce HX nOTOMCTBO 6oI'HHJI
IIOpa3lIJIa meBC.KOH OOJIe3BhlO; n03TOMY II CRJiI<pbI COI':rra-
maroTcH, 'ITO 3TH JIIOP;JiI OOJIeroT no TaROH npWIIIHe, JiI Te,
RTO npHObIBa.IOT B CRHcpCKyIO 3eMJ1ro, CaMEl MorYT pElgeTb,
B RaKOM COCTOHHHEI Haxop;HTCH JIroP;H, ROTOpbIX CRHq,bI 30-
BYT 3HapeHMH» (I, 105).
Raff MbI BHgMM, OOJIe3HL 3HapeeB OO'"bHCHHeTcH sp;eeL
60meCTBeHHf>IM rrpOMcxomp;eHHeM. CaMH me 3HapeM He C'IJiI-
TanH ce6H Harm33HHbIMll, a I'OBOpIIJIl'l, 'ITO Aq,pogHTa naJIa
MM HCRYCCTBO npopH:qaHmI.
_ A IICeB.!1;O-rHTIIIORpaT 13 CBoeM TpaRT'3Te «0 }303P;yxe,
Bop;ax M MeCTHOCTHX>} OTpHn;aeT' oomecTBHHHoe npOElCXOH{p;e-
HMe OOJIe3HJiI 3H3peeB II BbIJJ;BHraeT npOCTYro eCTeCTBeHlIYro
npJiI1JJiIHY: «CBepx 'I'DI'D Memp;y cRHcf>aMH BCTpe"laeTCH MHO-
meCTBO eBHYXOB; 0'HM 3aHMMaIOTCH meHCHHMH pa60'TaJ,\1:JiI M
rOB0'pH1' no-meHCRH; Ha3l:'IBaIOTCH TaRHO Mym'IMHbI ,,3HapeH-
MJiI:". np:WUIHY TaR0':r0' HBJIOHErH Ty-3eM:qbI nplUIHc-hIBaroT 60'-
iReCTBY M rr03TOMY '1TYT Tamu JIIOp;eH IiI IfORJIOHHIOTCH Mr,
Ram,D;DIM oOReI. 3a ceoH.
MHe Rame'rcH,. 'ITO 3Ta 60'JIe3Hb HaCTUJIbKO H{e 6ml\ecT-
neHHa, l{aR It Beo OCTaJIbHbIe, 'ITO HH ogHa M3 HHX HM-
CI{OJIbIW He 00'meCTBeIIl'Iee II He 'IOJI0'BeqHee ,lI.pyroH, HO Bce
op;IilHaROBbI H Bce oomeCTBeHHbI; Ham,ll.oe JI3 TaI{MX HBJlOHMH
HMOOT CBUIO fl(WeCTBeIIl'IYlO npH'IJiI:HY, H HIt UgHO He npOHC-
X0',D;IIT 6e3 T8.KOBblX npH'IMH. RaKMM1'I rrpII'IHH3MJiI,' nO' MOO-
MY l\HleHIIIO, o6yc.rrOBJIMBaOTCH Ha3BaIlHaH" 60JIe3HL CRII<p OB ,
H co:i1qac H3JIOmy.
BepXUBaH 03p;a, upn IWTOPO:fI HorH IIOCTOHHHO BRCHT no
OOmtM JIornap;H, ripoIil3BOP;RT Y HIIX OIIYXOJIM; 3a1'OM npH
CIIJIbHOM pa3BHTJiIJiI 3T0'll: 6oJIe3ItII HBJIHeTCH paCTIDKeBHe oe-
gop 121 xpOM0'Ta. JIe'IaTCH OHM 01' 3Toro CJIO)'(YIOm;HM o6pa-
30M: lIpM rrepBDlX npIif3HaKax 60JI03HJiI pmpe3aIOT c 0'6eHX
CTOpOH iKMJIDI n03awr ymell:; Rorp;a npORpaTHTeH I\pOB01'O'Ie-
mle, OOJIbIIbIe OT CJI300CTlI Bnap;aIOT B p;peM0'TY II 3aCbma-
10'1'; BaTeM up0'6ymgaIOTCH OAHJiI 3JI;OpOBbIMII, APyrMe - neT.
I1TaI{, MHO H3.JKeTCH, 'Iro HMeHHO HTOT cnoco6 JIe'IOIIIIH
BpeP;HO BJilIHeT Ha CeMeHHYIO mHgRoCTb: 0'KOJIO ymeM eeTI>
87

mHJIbI, BCJIep;CTBlIe pa3pe3aI-IHH KOTOpbIX JIlIu;a, IICrrbITaBm:U8
STY" OrrepaIJ;HIO, p;eJIaIOTCH Hecnoco6HbIMH R OUJIOJWTBOpeHIIIO;
H JJ;YMaIO, 'ITO HMeHHO 3TH if\HJIbI OHH H pa3pe3aIOT. ECJIH
rrOCJIe STOll OrrepaIJ}IH, upnXOp;H R i-KeHm,IIURM, OHM ORa3bI-
BaIOTCH OeCCHJIbHbIMIiI, TO B nepBbIM pa3 He 06pam,aIOT Ha
3TO BHHM-aIUm IiI He 6eCUOROHTCH; HO eCJIH rrpH nOBTopeHHH
rrOUbITRH .n:Ba, TpIiI H 60JIee pa3 OHa ORa3bIBaeTCH He 60JIee
ycueIlIHoIO, TO OHH peHaIOT, 'ITO B 'IeM-HH6YP;b rrpO.BIiIHIiI-
JIHCb nepe.n: 60n,eCTBOM, - KOTOPOMY rrpIIrrHCbIBalOT HPII'IHHY
60JIe3HII, 3aTeM flap;eBalOT n,eHCIwe HJIaTbe, OTRpbITO rrpu-
31iaBaH 3THM CBoe 6eCCIIJIHe, YCBaI'lBaIOT i-KeHCIUre npMBbf"I-
RH II BMeCTe C n,eHm,IIIIaMH 3aHHMalOTCH IiIX pa60TaMIiI.
3TOM 60JIe3HH rrOp;Bepi-KeHbI CRHcpCRIIe OOra'IH, He ,TIIOP;H
caMoro HH3Roro rrpOHCXOi-K.n:eHIU1, a, IIaHpO'l'HB, caMbre 6JIa-
ropop;HbIe H 110JIb3YIOm,J2IeCH HaII90JIbIlIJ2IM Morym,eCTBOM;
npH'IHHa ee SaRJIIO'IaeTCH B BepxoBolr e3.n:e; 6e.n:HbIe JIIo.n:n
MeIIee CTpa.n:alOT elO, TaR RaR He e3.n:wr BepXOM. Mei-K}:ty TeM
'l'aR I{aR (HO MHeHHIO CRHcpOB) 8Ta 60JIe3Hb 60JIee rrpOJ2IC-
XO.n:HT OT 60n,eCTBa, 'IeM .n:pyrHe, TO CJIe.n:OBaJIO ObI Oi-KH.n:aTb,
'ITo6bI OHa rropai-KaJIa He TOJIbRO CaMbIX OJIaropo.n:HbIX J2I 60-
1'aTbIX CRMIfJOB, a Bcex o.n:HIIaKOBO HJIlI .n:ai-Ke rrpeHMym,eCT-
BeHHO 6e.n:lIHIwB, ecmr HpaB.n:a TO, 'ITO OO1'aM rrpHHTHO 'IeCT-
BOBaHHe H OJIa1'01'OBemre JIIO.n:eM H OlIH B03Ha1'pai-K.n:aIOT !IX
sa <lTO...
lIo; I{aR H Yi-Ke CRa3aJI H paHbIlIe, <ITa 60JIe3Hb CTOJlbRO
}Re HpOHCXO.n:HT OT 60n,eCTBa, CROJIbRO H APY1'He: I<ai-K.n:aH
J-IMeeT CBOIO eCTeCTBeHHYIO HpH'IHIry. M <ITa OOJIe3Hb l1pOIIC-
XO.n:HT y CRH<pOB OT TOM rrpH'IHHbI, ROTOPYIO H OO'bHCHHJI.
To i-Ke caMoe 6bIBaeT II y OCTaJIbHbIX JIIO.n:eH: r.n:e O'IeHb
MHOI'O H 'IaCTO eSJJ;HT BepXOM, TaM O'IeHb MHo1'He CTpa.n:alOT
orrYXOJIHMn, JIOMOTOIO B 6e.n:pax H rro.n:arpoIO H O'IeHb paB-
HOP;YIlIHbI R rrOJIOBbIM Y.n:OBOJIbCTBHHM. 3TH 60JIe3IUI eCTb II
Y CRIIIfJOB, H OHH 60JIee Bcex cTpa.n:alOT rrOJIOBbIM 6eCCHJIHeM;
(.n:OCJIOBHO - rrOXOi-KH Ha eBHYXOB) rro BbIIlIeYRa3aHHbIM
TIpH'IHHaM... TaROBO rrOJIOi-KeHHe cRnlfJcRoro rrJIeMeHH»
( 29-30).
3TH HlITepeCHbIe II :u;eHHbIe CBe.n:eHHH He TOJIbRO II03BO-
JIHIOT HOJIIIee TIOHHTb rrpOU;ecc TIOHBJIeHHfl <lHapeeB RaR 000-
C06JIeHHOM COIJ;HaJIbHOM rpyrrTIbI, HX HMym,eCTBeHHoe H CO:U;H-
3.JIbHoe HOJIO/I{eHHe, HO H paCRpbII3alOT B OHpe.n:eJIeHHOM CTe-
TIeHH RapTHHY 1'JIy6oRoro HepaBeHCTBa 60raTbIX H HeIIMym,J2IX
CJIoen Cl\HcpCR01'O 06m,eCTBa.
HeCMOTpiI Ha 601'aTCTBO H oc060e rrOJI07-I,eHJ2Ie, }RpelbI,
eCJIH HX rrpe.n:CRa3aHHe He C6bIBaJIOCb, pHCROBaJIH MIIorHM,
nHo:r.n:a - p;aiHe iHH3HbIO. fepo.n:OT BeCbM3. RpaCO'IHO pac
88

CI\a3bIBaeT 0 UpOpHn;aHHH B CJIY'1ae 60JIB3HH n;apH: «!{or,QfI.
n;apb CRHcf>OB 3a6oJIeBaeT, OH rrOCbIJIaeT 3a TpeJ'vHI HaHOOJIee
3HaMeHHTbIMH rrpOpnn;aT€JIHMH. OHH rrpOPHn;mOT YI\a3aHHbiM
cnOC060M; H rOBopHT OHH '1aJJJ;€ Bcero CJIeP;YIDJJJ;ee - OY}:\TO
ObI TOT HJIH 81'01' '1eJIOBeI\ JIOiRHO rrOI\JIHJICJI n;apCI\HMI1 oqa-
raMn, HR3bIBaJI Hpn aTOM no HMeHn 1'01'0 113 iRnTeJI€II,
o I\OTOpOM OHn rOBopHT.
Y CKH(pOB npHHHTO '1am;e Bcero I\JIHCTbCH I(apCRJ-IMn O'Ia-
raMH, Rant;p:b1H pa3, Rorp:a XOTHT rrpHH€CTH BeJIH"'laHIIIYID
I{JIJITBY. Toro qeJIOBeRa, 0 ROTOpOM rOBopHT, '11'0 OH JIOiH:lIO
nORJIHJICH, cpa3Y iRe CXBaTbIBalOT 11 npnBop:HT. fIpnObIBIIIero
npOpnI(aTeJIn II300JIn'1aIOT B TOM, '11'0 OH, RaR ,CTaJIO HCHO
nocpep:CTBOM rap:aHIIH, JIonm:o rrORJIHJICH n;apCRnMn O'lara-
MH II '11'0 nS-3a ;;noro u;apb xBopaeT. TOT oTRa3bmaeTCJI,
YTBepmp:aH, 'ITO OH He RJIHJICH JIOH\HOII RJIHTBOH, 11 H€rop:yeT.
ITocKOJIbRY OH oTKa3bIBaeTcn, I{apb rrpn3bIBaeT P:PyrHx
rrpoplIn;aTeJIeH Bp:Boe 60JIbme rrpoTHB rrpeiRHero. 11 €CJIH
H OHH, paCCMaTplIBRH TO, '11'0 p:aeT rap:a, l'£He rrpH3Ha1OT, 'ITO
OH rrplIlIec JIOiRHYIO I\JIHTBY, eMY CPR3Y nw oTPyoaIDT rOJIO-
BY, n nMYJJJ;eCTBO ero p:eJIJIT no mpeonlO Memp:y C060II nep.;.
Bb1e rrpOpnI(aTeJIlI.
ECJIlI me rrpnm€p:IlIlIe rrpopHn;aTeJIH orrpaBp:bIBRIDT aT oro
'1eJIOBeRa, TO BbIHOCHTCH rrOCTaHOBJIe1-IlIe Ra3HHTb CaIVUIX
Ilpopnn;aTeJIeH, ROTOpb1X rrpH3BaJIH rrepBblMH» (IV, 68).
.H'aK e RaSHHJIn npopHn;aTeJI€H? OHn YMHpaJIH CTpam-
1-IOH cMepTblO. BOT RaR OIlnCbIBaeT 81'0 repOP:OT: «l\a3HHT
nx TaRnM CIIOCOOOM: HarpY3lIB rrOB03RY XBOpOCTOM, 3anpH-
ralOT B Hee OblROB. CROBaB npopnn;a TeJIeH no HorRM H CBJI-
3aB nM pyRlI 3a cmm:oM n 3aTRHYB HM pOT, HX opocalOT B
cepep:IIlIY XBopOCTa H, rrop:iRHraH ero, rOHHT ObllWB, Hcny-
raB nx. MHorne- OblRH cropaIOT BM€CTe C rrpopHn;aTeJIHMH,
HO MHorne y6eraIOT, 060miReHHbl€, KaR TOJIbHO y HHX cro-
pHT p:b1IllJIO. YRasaHHb1M crroc060M OHII C1RHraIOT rrpOpHI(a-
TeJIeH II rro p:pyrHM rrOBop:aM, Ha3bIBaH nx mlt;errpopHn;aTe-
JIHMn. .H'orp:a n;apb nx YOHBa€T, OH He OCTaBJIHeT B lIUIBb1X
p:alI{B CbIHOBeH, lIO YMepJJJ;BJIHeT Bcex p:eTeH MymcKoro no-
JIa, a p:eTHM meHCRoro rrOJIa He npn'1nHHeT Bpep:a}} (IV,
69).
Bce 3TH CBep:elIHH O'1eHb HarJIH,QHO n y6ep:HT€JIbHO CBH-
p:€TeJIbCTByroT 0 TOM, RaRoe orpOMHoe 3Ha'1eHHe nMeJIa B
mH3HH CRHqJOB RJIHTBa «n;apCRHMII reCTIDIMII}}, RaR meCTORO
RapaJIII 3a JIOlIUIYIO RJIRTBY I1J(1I OOBHHeHHe B .JIOiRHOH
RJIHTBe.
.H'aRoBo me npmrcxOi-R,QeHHe 8TOM HJIHTBbI? M nO'IeMY
€M rrplI,QaBaJIH CTOJlb IICRJIIO'1HTeJlbIwe 3Ha'1eHne? _ HHTepec-
89

Hoe 061>JICHeIIIH Ha 3TOT C'leT p:aeT .n;. C. PaeBCRIrll, 1\OTO-
pbIH BM;n:II1' 8)J:eCh CBJI3b C yrraBIIIIIMH C He6a 80JIOThIMH
npep:1\fe1'aMH: IIJlyroM C HpMOM, ceRIIpOH 11: 'lameH: «Ornen-
naJI rrpIIpop:a 9TIIX rrpep:Me1'oB rrpOJIBJIHeTCJI B fiX BOCTIJI8:Me-
HBHl'III rrpII rrpII6JII1meHHII t'yrapIIIHX CI.IHOBeB TaprHTaH,
a CBJI3b C TpeMJI ypOBIDIMII BCBJIeHHOH rraxop:IIT o-rpamBIIIH:
B COOTH8C8HHOCTH 31'HX rrpe;n:MeToB C TpeMH COCJIOBHO-RaCTO-
BbIMH rpyrrrraJ\HI, ROTOpbIe Bep:YT Conoe rrpoIICX(iJ}fEeHRe 01
Tpex 6paTbeB, HBJUlIOIIJ;IIXCH rrepcoIDHlm:RaqRJIMII <iTlIX ypOB-
Hen. XpaI-IHTeJIHM M CJIYJKH1'8JIeM RYJIhTa 9TIIX CBHTbIHb C
MM<pH'-IeCIDIX npHMen Rommc8.JI BblCTynaeT C:rrnq,CRHii
r "
n.apb. lJ03TOMY IIMeHOBaHJiW lIX "n;3.pc1\HMH . eCTJUIMI!!
lIJUI, TO'-IHee, "D.apCRMMJ.iI Ta6H1:II", n;apCKIIMJ.iI CBJIIIJ;8HHbIJ\HI
OYHHMH, nIIOJIHe COOTBeTc1'13ye1' IlX CaRpaJIhHOB CYIIJ;HOCTII'
3 IWJITB3 J.iIMH 1\aK BbIcrneB CBHTMHsn: CKIIcpOB, OJIM:O;STBOpH-
IOID;Sll COI.{IlaJIbHbIB J.iI KOCMII'HJCRMM 1I0pHJJ,OR, ;n:SHCTBHTeJIbHO
.n;OJIlIm3 6hITb B CI\J.iI<pHII BblCIIIeM RJIHTBOM» [86, C. 107].
HeJIb3JI He CK3.83'1'b HeCKOJIbRO CJIOB 0 CaMON:: cy.n;e. Pa.
3y-MeeTCJI, 0 R8KOH-JIMDO 06'MmT.l!IBnOCTM M Cnp3.BeMMBOCTH
1'8.:1\01'0 u;apm\Oro cy;n:a rOBopHTb He rrpJ.iIXo.n;MTCH. IIp:n CJIO-
mIIBrneMCH rrOJIOmeHHH ;n:eJI JIerRO 6hIJIO pacnpaBMTbCH
npaR'TM'-ICCItfl' C JIlOOblM '-IeJIOReIWM, 6Yl1:I, TO rrpOCTon BonH,
60raTbJM HOMapx IIJIH 11:3BeC1'HbIH JKpe:o;. R 3TOMY crroc06y,
Ha.n;o nOJIaraTb, nspep:KO nplToeraJIJ.iI, Kor.n;a HY-riUIO 6wJIO
y6paTb C .n;nporH CBoero rrponfBHHKa, OTOMCTMTb Bpary, 3a-
l3.i'Ia:n:eTb ''IbHM-TO 60raTCTBOM HJIM npOC1'O M86elI\8Tb n;ap-
CJ\Oro rHeBa.
lJoc.ne OIIHCaHJ.iIH. crroco6a, IW1'OpbIM CKllbI I{a3HHJIIl rrpo-
pnn;8TeJIell, I'CPO,lJiOT rrepexo;n:HT [\ 06PHP:Y 3HaMemIToro
ClurcpCKoro lIo6paTHMCTB8. RaR me rrpoxo;n:J.iIJI 3TOT 06PH;n:?
<iOTSU; nCTOpJ.iIII» IIMIIIeT 06 aTOM ;n:OBOJIbHO RpaTRO M JIaJW-
lUl'IHO: d\JIJITBeHHbIH l1:0rOBOp C T'eM, C HeM OHJ.iI ero 3a-
J\JJIO'IalOT, CRll(Pbl COBepmaroT CJIe;n:yrom;HM 06pa30M:: onn
namIBalOT B 60JIbIDOll rJIlTHHHbIM RI1:JIJ.iIH BHRO, CMelInIRarol'
cro C KpOBbIO Tex, RTO npOH3HOCJ.iIT B3aHMHbIS RJIHTBbI,
11, yHO.TIOB mIIJIOM HJIII C,B;CJIaB He6oJIbIDOH Ha;n:pes Ha TeJIe
HomoM, 3a1'eM rrorpYJK8101' B RHJIliR aRJ1IHaK, cTpe.nDl, W10H-
nyro CBRJ.iIpy H ,B;pOTlIR. C;n:eJIaB 31'0, OHIiI ;n:OJIro MOJIH1'CH IT
81neM BbllIIIBaIOT BIiIHO II CaMJ.iI, 'Ie, K1'O npIIHOCJIT II:JIHTBbI,
J.iI caMbre ;n:OCTOHHI,Ie liB conpOBomp:aIOm;HX)} (IV, 70).
CYlI(eCTBOBaHHe n06panIMcTBa Y CKlIiPOB nO,lJiTBepJHp:aroT
AaITHbIe apXeOJIOI'HH. B 8HaMeHlITOM :o;apCKOM I\yprmIH RYJIb-
06a naR;n:CH!>I 3o.nOTan peJIbe<pHaH IIJIaCTHHKa, Ha IWTOpOii:
H<S06paJHenI..I ABa CKH<pa, nbIOII(l'Ie H3 OIIoro pMTOIla, a TaR-
)lie 30JIOTbIH HailIHBHbIe 6JI1IillRII' C 3TOM iRe c:o;eHoii:. AHa
00

JIOrwrnLIe OmHmm: ObIJUI nilHJJ;em,I 13 JJ;pyroMqapcRoM Rytr<
rane - COJIoxa.
TaI{OBbI BHpaTn;e cBe;D;eIllUI OCRIItPCI'\OM nOOpaTFIMCTBe.
CRJII<pbI o'1em )J;OpOJRlIJIFI THM oomaeM H CBHTO CJIeJJ;OBaJIH
ero 3aRonaM.
PaCCMOTpEmi Tenepb RHTepeCHeHDIHe CBe;n;eRHH 0 CBoeoo-
pa3HOH CRHcpCROH olme M O)J;HOM FIB Ce1tpeTOB npel3HeiiI nilp-
<pIOMepIDi. "
PaCCRHWB 0 norpeOaJILUbIX oopHAax CK12Iq,OB 1 fepOJJ;OT
3I-J:3,ROMHT HilC CO CRRtPCI{OH 6aneii: «PaCTeT Y UHX B C1'pa-
He KDHOIIJIH, OOJIee Bc-ero II:aIIOMH:HaIOrn;aH nell, 01' HOTQPOI'O
OTJIII'IaeTCJ1 TOJIID;HIIOH II BbICOTOH. 3TMMM Ra''I'eCTBilMM I{O-
HomIfl naMHoro npeBOCXOnHT JIen. OHa paeTeT R CHMa no
ceoe, R IIOCeJIHRaH. M3 nee wpaKHMI(I>I ;D;eJIaIOT ce6e o;n;em-
JJ;Y, qpeBBLPIaRUO noxm-I-\yIO ua JILHHHYro. TOT, KTO He otleIIb
XOpOiliO ee BHaeT. He paSJI1!I'IH1' - H3JIhna 91'a oJ];eH\;I'\a HJIH
H3 ROHOIiJIH; TOT, I{TO BOBce H BJ2I}3;eJI I\QHO'flJIlI, C'IHTaeT.
'ITO op;eJI{;n;a JILHHHHH.
TaR BOT, CKH<pbl, B3HB 3epnR 9TOH KOHOnJIH, IIO}J,JIe33.IOl'
UO;n: IIORpLIB3JI3 H 32.TeM 6poca.roT 3epna ua paCKaJIeHH.bIe
HB. orue RaMmI. HaCLma:HHOe :repHO KYPHTCft M I3bIABJIHeT
CTOJIbRO napa, '11'0 llliK2.Rafl BJIJIIlHCKaH napR.JILIUI He MOiKeT
31'0 npeB30HTH. CRlltPLI me. naCJIaiKJ.(3flCI> lrapH.JILI-IeiI, BOIIHl'.
81'0 Y FlliX BMeCTO MI:iITbH: BeJ.(h onR Booo:m;e He MoIOT TeJIO
BOp;OH.
iReHIn;nHbI HX paCTRpB.IOT H3 mepOXOBB.TOM KYCKe KHIIa-
pI'f'C2., Re]JJ)3. II JIanaHHOro .n;epeBR, n06B.BJI5IHBO;Ay, H aToM:
nepeTepTON rYCTOH MaCCOH n2.THpaIOT BOO Teno II JIHIJ;O.
01' amro OID!: IIpH06peTRID1' apOM3.T. A lIa cJIep;yIOID;HH AeHI>
CHHB IIJIaCTbIpb, OHlI OJJ;UOBpeMenHO CT8UOBHTCH 'IHCTbIMH H
6JIecTinn;nMH» (IV, 74-75).
HaR MI.I BR;n:HM, B JJ;peBHOCTH ROHOIT.JIe H8XO)J;HJIH n3mnoe
npaRTR'1eCRoe IIpM:MeneHIIe. Ma Ree ;n:eJIB.JIH O;n;eiJ{JJ;Y, IIpn'IeM
HaCTOJ1LHO xopomyro, '11'0 TpYJ.(no 6LIJIO O1'JIM'IHTL ROHOII-
JIHHaH OHa HJIH JII.HHHaH.
MUTepeCHLI CBeAenMH 0 nOXOJJ;HOH 6.aue. Y ROIJeBbIX na-
pO:;n;OB <PYHJl.aMeUT.a.TIT:.m,rx 6aHl>, pa3yMeeTCfl He OLIno.
B peaYJIbT8Te nepeJJ;BHmnOro 06pB.3a m:imHH O:bJJHl IIpH1(yMa-
Ha BOT TaKaH cnoeo6pa:mRR napRJILHH.
lIo MoeMY MRemno. He CJIep;yeT OYRBilJI:bUO BOCIIpnHH-
MaTL CJIOBa fepo;n:OTa 0 TOM, '11'0 CRHrI>bI Boo6:m;e He MOJOT
TeJIO BonOR. ApeBHHH 3.BTOp HMeJI B BIIJ];Y, '11'0 Y mIX neT
06LI"IHblX oaHL C rop-nqen H XOJIOJJ;HO« BOP:O«.u
Ba:H\Ho nOJJ;''IepRHYTb. '11'0 B ropn03.JITRHCIUIX HyprB.I-IaX
naH;n:BHbI npHCIIOCo6neHI1J1 JJ;.JIfl IIapHJIhH"I1, rpYJJ;bI 060iInI\eH-
91

RDIX I\aMHeM, a B I{OTJIaX coxpaHIIJIlICI, Aame 06yrJUIBIDIIeCH
aepHa I-\OHOIIJIH. A Ha OAl-roM H3 m:epAeM 6I,I,J1;a IIpHBJI3aHa
KomaHaH JIHra C ROHOIIJIHHDIMH 3epHaMH.
- A BO 2-M IIaaapbmcKoM I{ypraHe ObIJIH HaMAeHbJ HeI{O-
TOpbIe rrpHCnOCOOJIeHHH ;n;JIH I{ypeHHH KOHOrrJIII. AHaJIOrIl'I-
HbIe HaXOJ:(InI BCTpe1JaIOTCH H B APYrIIX I{yp:r: aHax .
h3 rrary6HaH rrpMBbI1JI{3, I{3I{ MbI .BH;n;HM, yxo;n;HT I{OP-
HHMH B rJIy60KYlO ;n;peBHocTb. COBpeMeHHbIe HCCJIeAOBaTeJIH
IIo-pa3HoMY OO'bHCHHIOT CI{HCRHM OObI1J3M KypHTb KOHOII-
JIIO. HeROTOpbIe IIB HHX BHAemr 3AeCI, TOJIbRO cBoeoopa3HYlO
3aoaBY II paSBJIe1JeHHe. Ho TaI{Oe yrrporu;eHHoe OO'bJICHeHHe
He paCI{pbIBaeT BceM CJIOmHOCTH 3Toro JIBJIeHMH.
,1];pyrHe Y1JeHbIe rrpeArrOJIar3JIH, 'ITO repo;n;OT B CBoeM
OIIHC3HHH CJIHJI BoeAHHO pHTyaJIbHOe KypeHIIe ROHOIIJIII H
06bI1JHYIO rr3pHYIO 6aHIO. BbI;n;eJIJIJIM ;n;ame TPH OT;n;eJIbHbIX
06bPIaH: pHTyaJIbHOe 01JHru;eHHe TeJIa, rrapHaJI OaHJI H RY-
peHHe 1-\0 HOIIJIH. BbICI{a3aHbI H OOJIee CJIOmHI,Ie TOJII{OBaHMH,
CBJI3aHHbIe C peJIHrH03HbIMII B033peHIIJIMH CInIOB H CBoe-
oopa3HOM OpMOM lliaMaHCTBa.
OC06bIM IIHTepec rrpeACTaBJIJIIOT CBeAeHHJI 0 TOM, I{aK
CI{HbI XOpOHJIT CBOIIX n;apeM. fepOAOT paCCI{a3bIBaeT 06
aTOM AOBOJIbHO rrO;n;pOOHO H RpaCO'IHO, co BceB03MOmHbIMJi
AeTaJIJIMH: «MOrIIJIbI n;apeM HaXOAJITCH B 06JIaCTH reppOB,
B TOM MeCTe, AO I{OTOpOro BopHceH cy;n;oxoAeH. 3;n;ecb I{am-
;n;bIM pa3, I{Or;n;a y HHX YMHpaeT n;apb, OHM pOIOT B aeMJIe
60JIblliYlO 'IeTbIpexyrOJIbHYIO JIMy. {{or;n;a me OHa rOTOBa,
6epYT Tpyrr, TeJIO HaTIIpalOT BOCI{OM, mHBOT, pa3pe3aHIlbIM
H 01JHru;eHHbIM, 3arrOJIHJIIOT Hape3aHHbIM I{yrrblpeM, 6JIarOBO-
HHJIMH, ceMeHaMH CeJIb;n;epeH, aHlIca, 3aIlIlIBaIOT M YB03HT
TeJIO Ha rrOB03Re R ;n;pyroMY rrJIeMeHII.
Te }]{e, I{or;n;a rrOJIyqalOT AOCTaBJIelIHbIM Tpyn, ;n;eJIaIOT B
T01JHOCTH TO me, 'ITO tI n;apCI{He CInIbI: OTpe3aIOT ce6e
'IaCTb yxa, BOJIOCbI o6cTpHralOT RpyrOM, Ha PYI\aX AeJIaIOT
Ha;n;peSbI, JI06 H HOC paCn;apaIIbIBaIOT, JIeByIO PYKY npOI{3JIbI-
BaIOT ce6e CTpeJIaMH.
OTTYAa Tpyn n;apJI YB03JIT H3 IlOB03Ke R ;n;pyrOMY IlJIe-
MelIH H3 Tex, HaJ:\ ROTOpbIMH OHM BJIaCTByIOT; 3a HMMHCJIe-
;n;YIOT Te, I{OTOPbIX OHII IloceTH,rrH Ilepe;n; TeM. RaR TOJIbHO
OHH, BeSJI TPYIl, OOOMAYT Bcex, OIIH OI{a3bIB3IOTCfl y reppOB,
samIMalOru;HX cpeAH IlO;LJ;BJIaCTHbIX MM IlJIeMeH CaMbIe OT;n;a-
JJeIlHbIe I{paH, H rrpH6bIBalOT I{ MOrIIJIaM.
I1 saTeM, orrYCTHB TeJIO B MOrIIJIY H3 IlOACTHJI.I{y H3 CO-
JIOMbI, BOTl-\HYB I{OIIbJI IIO 06eHM CTopOHaM TpYIIa, RJIa;n;YT
CBepxy 6peBHa II IIOTOM IIORpbIBaIOT I{aMbIlliOBOM IIJIeTelmOM.
B c,Bo6oJ:\HOM npOCTpaHCTne MOrHJIbI OHH XOpOIUIT, YP;YlliMB,
.92

O.o:HY tI3 I-IaJIOIKHtID 11 BMHOtwpnHH, II nOBapa, II ROfUOXa,
H CJIyry, II BeCTHMRa, 11 JIOIllH.o:eiI, H HH'lHTIU2i nceI'O OCTaJIb-
Horo, iiI 30JIOTbIe qaIllH,- H cepe6poM M Me.o:bIO OB]!] COBeeM
He TIOJIL3YIOTeH.
C.o:eJIan no, OHE Bce HaCbITIaIDT 60JIbI1IOM RypraH, copen-
HYHCb Mem.D:Y COOOM H C'rpeMHcb c.D:eJIaTb ero Ral{ MORmo
nbIIlTe» (IV, 71).
OrrHcaHHe I-IaCTOJIbRO nnmoe M HpaCOqI-Ioe, '11'0 I-IeBOJIhI-IO
npeJJ;CTaBJIHellib ce6e neeb 8'1'01' BUeqaTJIHloII\HM, TopmeCTBen-
1-10 RponaBbIM 06pHJJ; rrorpe6emUI CI{M<pcRorO rrpaBHTeJIH.
Y3JIaTI> Bce 3TH nOJJ;p06UOCTJiI fepOJJ;OT MOl' TOJILI{O 01' yqaCT-
HI1Ra noxopOH.
Ho Ha 3TOM 06pHJJ; uorpe6eHHH .u;apR He 3aROHqHJIeH.
LJepe3 rOJJ; nacTynaeT rrpOJJ;OJImeHue. fepOJJ;OT paCCRa3bIBaeT:
«lIo HCTeqeBUH rOJJ;a OHII OTIHTL JJ;eJIaIOT CJIeJJ;YIOI:u.ee. 113
OCTanIllHxeH CJIymuTeJIeM 6epYT caMblX nOJJ;XOJJ;HII\MX. (:31'0
npHpOJJ;HbIe CRJiHpbI, Tal{ RaR .u;apIO rrpHCJIY1-KHBinOT Te, HOMY
OI-I rrpMRa1-KeT, a CJIyr, KyrrJIeHHbIX 3a JJ;eUbrII, y HMX HeT.)
TaR BOT, yJJ;aBHB IIHTbJJ;eCHT qeJIOBeK 3TMX CJIyr H rrHTb-
D,eCH'rL caMbIX KpaeHBbIX JIOlIlaJJ;eM, BblHyn y HHX BHYTpeHIIO-
CTII H OqHCTIIB, I-IarrOJIHHlOT MHKUHOM FI 3aIllUBaIOT.
YI:'peIIHB Ha JJ;BYX 6peBI-IaX nepeBepHYTYIO HOJIOBUUY
I{OJIeCa, {\ JJ;pyrylo nOJIOBUHY ROJIeCa Ha JJ;BYX JJ;pyrHx 6peB-
Hax H BOTlmYB TaRHM 06paSOM MHoro IIIlP 6peBeH, OHM 3a-
TeM, IIpOTRHYB JIOIllaJJ;eM B JJ;JIMHY JJ;O IlleMTOJICTbIMU IWJIbH-
MH, rrOJJ;HHMaIOT UX Ha'ROJIeca. JiI3 BTHX I{OJIec Te, '11'0 Bue-
peJJ;H, rrOMepmHBaIOT IIJIeqH JIOlIlaJJ;eM, aTe, '11'0 csaJJ;M,
IIOJJ;rrIIpaIOT 6pIOXO 6JIHme R -6eJJ;paM, rrpH 3TOM 06e IIapbI
Hor BHCRT B B03JJ;yxe. HaJJ;eTbIe Ha JIOlIlaJJ;ell Y3JJ;e'IRH H yJJ;H-
JIa OHH I-IaTRrHBaIOT BrrepeJJ;JiJ H aaTeM rrpFlBRsbIBaIOT UX H
ROJIbIlIll{aM.
RamJJ;oro lI3 IIHTHJJ;ecRTH yJJ;YIlleI-IHbIX IOHOI1IeM, yca1I'ar-
B3IOT IIO OJJ;HOMY Hit JIOlIlaJJ;b, ycaRHBaR TaRHM 06pa30M:
B KamJJ;bIll Tpyrr BTbmaIOT BJJ;OJIb II03nOHOqHIma JJ;O IIIeM
IIpRMOM HOJI; KOHell; 31'01'0 ROJIa, HOTOpbIM BbICTYIIaeT CHII-
3Y, OHH B6HBaIOT B rrpOCBep.rreHHoe OTBepCTHe JJ;pyroro HOJIH,
rrpOXOJJ;HlI\erO CRB03b TeJIO JIOIIIaJJ;IL PaCCTHBtIB T8.RHX BcaJJ;-
HJiJIWB BOIpyr MorH.JIbI, OI-IH YXOJJ;RT» (IV, 72).
BOT C TaKHMJiJ MHOrO'IHCJIeHHbIMH iRepTBonpHIlOlueHMRMM
XOPOHUJIM CI-\H<pLJ CBOI1X Il;apeit. fJJ;e me HaxoJJ;HTCR MOrIIJII,J
CI\J?J<pCRJ2iX apell? fJJ;e ORlI, 3TH CTerrHbre TInpaMI1JJ;LI? fepo-
.rOT IIOMcrrweT ux B OOJIHCTJ7I feppoB. Ho Bonpoc 0 MeCTOIIO-
JIonWI-IJiJ:H fepp JJ;OJIl'oe BpeMH BbI3LIBaeT OCTpbIe OnmBJIen-
Hbre )IJiJCRYCCJiJM II AO CIIX nop He pelTIeR.
HanOMHIO, qTO no fepOAOTY reppbf paCTIOJI01-KeHDI B
93

40 JJ;HR.." IlJIaBaRllil BBepx' no BopHcq,eRY. MCCJIeAOnaTeJIH,
rWTopble npURHM8JIH BTY QIIq,py, JiICR8JIH feppbI COOTBeTCT
BeHHO R8Mnoro Bblille L(RenpOBCRHX noporOB - BnJIOTb D.O
H"IIeB8. BOJIbTIIHRCTBO I{e Y'leHbIX C'lMTaeT, "ITO p8eCTOHRHe
B 40 nReM llJI8BaHIDI He e,OOTBeTcTByeT AeMCTBH'FeJIbHOCTM,
II nOMeIJJ;aeT feppbI mrn>e ARenpOBcr-mx noparOB. Ho H BAec!:>
cpeAn Cnen;n8JIHCTOB ReT eAuRoro MReRHH. HanpIIMep,
M. ll. A pTaMOROB, B. H. fpaRoR, A. M. MemoRoBa H D.p.
IDltYT u;apcr,me MorIDIbRHKII B HlifHi.HeM llo)J;RenpoBbe,
a B. A. MJIhIDlCRaH, A. il. CMIIpROB II Ap.- B CpeAHeM
lloARerrpoBbe. Ta II. APyraH TO'lRM BpeHIIH HMeIOT KaR
CHJIbIIbIe, Tall. n cJI86bre CTOpOHbI.
B palIOIIe cOBpeMeRRblX rop0.l:(OR 3anopombe II HHRO-
nom, OTRpbITbI 6oraTeIITIIII.e norpe6eHlU1 C-KMq,CROM BHaTti
C ynRRaJIbHbIMH 30JIOTbIMII H eepe6pHHbIMH YRpaTIIenIDIMII -
u;eHHei'lIIIRMR npOM3ReAenIIHMJJ nCRycc,'m8. 8TO - 3R8MeRII-
"TbIe RypraIThI qepTOMJIbIK, COJIOX8, MeJIHTOIIOJThCRIDi, TOJI-
CTaH MOrUJI3, faHMaHOB3 MOFlLITa Ii! Ap. 03R8ROMHMCH C
neROTopbIMH HaH60JIee 3R3 t nrTeJIbnbIMM OTRpDITMHMH.
qepTOr.[JIbID;RIIll Eypr8H ObIJI paCEOII3.n B 1862-1863 Fr.
iii. E. 3a6eJUiIHbIM y qepTOMJIbID;RHX XyropOB (ubIHe
c. qRaJIOBo) BOJill3H HI1ROIIOJIH. 3TO - OnII.H H3 caMbIX
60JIbllilU CRHq,CRIIX n.apCRHX Itypr8HOB. OH pacRHuy.lfCH B
JJ;IIaMBTpe IIpHMepHO ua 130 M II B3M8TnyJICH BBepx Ha
20 M. HaCTOHIJJ;aH mfpaMII.n8 C,RHq)CRHX cTeneH!
HypraHHl\1-eJl ROHycomI}J;HYro q,OPMY. B ocnOBaHHH Ha-
CbIllh 6MJIa OROJIbQOB8na orpOMHbIMI1 RaMeHHbIMM rJIbI6aMil.
0'1' BOCT01JnOrO ceR1'opa nma BbIMom;:enuaH RaMneM p;opora
AJIHllOH OROJIO 1,5 RM. B naC"bIIIH Ryprana B HeCROJIbHHX
MeCTax o6uapymeHl>I OCT3.Tr'm 250 Y3AeQeR: YJIIL.'I8, IIC8mm,
BOJIOTUe 06MBHM OT CeA8JI, a TaKJRe pa3JIII1JHbIe aOJIOThIe
II 6pOH30Bhle YRpamenIDI, opor-moBhIe' n8BepIllH1! II. HaJ\OHe1]-
mmM CTpeJI. 3TIf naXOAKH 38JIeraJIM Ha FJIyouHe 6 M OT
nepIIIMHhl KypraH3..
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op II JIOIllaHHHbIX ltocTe-H. 3.n:ecb am ObIJI CReJIeT mmys-
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IJOCJIe norpe6eHlliI. " '
lho }f,-e OhIJI nOx.opOHeH 3,&eCh? ApXeOJIOmMn OTI{PbIThl
I:\eHTpaJIbH8H EaT3miM6a Jil Tpn conpOBO}f'-A3IOlqlL"C ee saxo-
pORerHm IWHeH C «RomOX8MH>}. EbI.1Ia em;:e OAlIa ITorpe6aJIh.-
na R<JcMep8, I{OTOPYIO OAHH MCCJ1ep:OB8T8.JUf C'IHT3IOT BUYCR-
EOM ['P06HHIJ,en, a APynle - OCHOBIIOM "I8CTl>IO Qelupa.llbHOM
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60JIJ>IDoro TIpHMoyrOJI:bROrO KOJIOWJ;a l'JIYOMROH 10 M. Cne-
IJ,HaJIHLbIe cnyCIm B ero yrJIax BeJIM B 'IeThlpe TIo;n:3eMnhIe
I'\aMep:bI }J;JIIIROH 5 M H III1IpHHOK 4 M RaJR,IWR. qTO me B
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5* 99

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.neH. Bnepep;H - HOBbIe paCROIIKH H HHTepeCHbIe naxo.u;RH.
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paCRaJIeHHbIe )];ORpaCHa RaMHH» (IV, 73).
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100

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MH, npH'IeM PY'IXIi 1WTJIOB 6LIJIH 06epnYTb1 6epeCTOM-.
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101

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102 1
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TO p;a OYJIeT H3BeCTRO, 'lTO OR YMep OT PYRIiI GpaTa: Bep:h
Mp:RnTIiIpc OhIJI ChIHOM CaBJIHJI, a CaBJIIiIH - BTO H 6hIJI TOT,
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06hI'laeB H H3-Ba 06m;emifl C rpeRaMH» (IV, 77).
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ro 'IUTaTeJIfl, pa3BeHB8IOT CBe)J,eIIlIJI JJ;IloreIIa JIaapTcRoro.
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pe'lH» (I, 8, 101).
103

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HO B 594 r. p,o n. 9. npR6bIJI B AcpRnbI R nOCeTRJI 3naMeIIir... 
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on npR6bIJI B A<plInbI B COpOR cep:LMYIO OJIRMnRap,y, npR'i
apxonTe 8BRpaTe. "
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rrpHIll.eJI AnaxapCIiIC, llieJIaH rrOCMOTpeTL na nero 1I, .eCJIli
MO)l{HO, c}:(eJIaTLCfI ero rOCTeM.
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p:aTh AuaxapCRCY, 'ITO OTnOIllenRH rOCTenplilIiIMCTBa 3aBH3bI. '
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102-103) .
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CH B CXOJIIiIHX R COqMnenIiIIO ITJIaTOna «focyp;apCTHO»: «Ana--
xapCIIC 6LIJI CbIHOM m\H<pCIwro n;apH fnypa n MaTepH rpe-
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A<plInax y COJIona! B03Bp3TRBIllRCb B CI\H<p:IIIO, 1To6bI na'-
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y6RT na POAIUIe» (H  600 a). '1
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104

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aMM JIeT' nOCJIe fepoJJ:oTa, MOl' BOCnOJIb30BaTbCH He COBceM
aa;n:emabIM MCTO'IHMROM. MO)lmo npe;n:nOJIOHmTb TaJl:me 'ITO
y AaaxapCHca HpoMe CaBJIHH ObIJI eII(e O;n:MH 6paT - I{a.D:Y-
FI;n:. 8TO MOrJIO BHeCTH nYTaaHl\Y B Borrpoc,RTO me lI3 6PWfb-
en CTaJI YOHBIJ,eB. Kpmvre roro, CJIe;n:yeT oTMeTHTb, 'ITO JIy-
ImaH CaMocaTcKHB, RaR MbI YBM}J;HM mnKe, rro'reMY-TO na-
SbIBaeT AHaxapCHca CblHOM )J;aBI\eTa.
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BaTb. I1ocTerreaHo B 8HTH'IHOB JIHTepaType nOHBMJICfl oopa3
CKHq,CKoro Myp:peIJ,a, ROTOpbIB, neCMOTpH Ha CBoe napBap-
CRoe npOHcxomp:eHHe, CYMeJI CTaTb B Op;HH pHJJ: C JIY'IIllMMII
rpe'IeCKHMH q,HJIOco<paMn. I1p:eaJIH3al\Hfl aToro oopa3a CBH3a-
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J\peBHerpe'IeCROrO HCTopMRa IV B. P:9 II. a., aBTOpa nelmoii
«BceMMpHoB MCTOpHH» 8<popa H npep:CTa13MTeJIHMM cpMJIOCO<p-
CROB IDHOJIbI RHHMHOB.
,1.ITo me COOOII(aIOT p:peBIme aBTopbI 06 AHaxapcMce?
I103HaKoMHMcH C OCHOB:fIbIMH cBep:eHHHMH 00 aTOM npOCJIa-
BMnIDeMCH 13 aHTHQHOM MHpe CRHCPCROM <pHJIOCO<pe.
JIYKHaH CaMocaTCRHB, 3HaMeIIHTbIll C8Tllp:rm II B. II. 3.,
p:OJII'O mH13IDllH B A<pHIIax, 3HaROMHT Hac C nepBbIMH IDara-
MH AHaxapCHca B A<pHHaX. B paCCHa3e «CRH<P HJI'll I'OCThl)
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«1. AHaxapCllC He rrepBUH npHOhIJI H3 CKHtPHH B AWHHbI,
PYROBOP:HMbIH meJI8HHeM II03IIaROMHThCH C aJIJIHHCRO.M oopa-
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/-OTJIH'IaBIllHHCH JIIOOOBbIO R rrpeHpaCHOMY H CTpeMJrenlleM R
QtJIaropo;n:HellIDHM 3HaHHHM, HO npOMcxOP;MBIDUH He H3, IJ,ap-
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rire», T. e. BJIap:eJIbl\hI rrapbI OhIROB II OP:HOH rrOB03HH.
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aWI'lRHHe rrpHHocHT eMY mepTBbI RaR HH03eMIIOMY Bpaqy:
BTO HMH rrOJIY'IHJI OH, oYAY'IIiI, rrpH3HaH repoeM. BbITb MO-
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105

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AcpHHbI 113 ITHpea; HaK HHocTpaIleu, H BapBap, OIl HCrrbITbIBJI 
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mem mYMa H He SHaH, 'ITO C COOOH }:(eJIaTb; OH rrOHHMaJI, 
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(Op;HH HS KBapTaJIOB AcpHH.- M. A.). CHa'IaJIa ero BHHMa- 
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p:pymobIII MHorHe .n;pyrHe BorrpOCJ"I OUTHR.
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16. AH.axapcuc... RpoMe Toro, fl He Mory yme BbIHOCHTb
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.107

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)Ibl HCT.lirne 3aROHa eCTh OCHOBHOI npHsnaR MYP;POCTII. TOrL\B " : , j , 1
IJ;apb C naCMemI\OH CHaSaJ1, 'ITO ero OTBeTbI OCHOBBHDI nB 
CRH<pClWM SBeponOP;oonOM BocnIITaHHH}> (IX, 26, 2-5).
B 3TOi!I 6ecep;e, [{aR Mbl BIIP;HM, J],HOp,Op CHn;HJIHiicHHM 
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108

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IWTopaH BbIHCHReT AOJllliHOe, I1 He XBaJlHT TOM, IWTopaR He
AOCTHraeT :qeJIH...
...Pe'lb He 6bIBaeT AypHa, IwrAa rrOMbICJIl>I xopomII H IIpe-
I{paCHbIe AeJIa CJIeAYIOT 3a pe'-IaMH. CJ\HcpbI C'U2!TaIOT pe'Ib
JJ;ypHOM, IwrJJ;a 6J.IBaIOT JJ;YPBbI 1l0MbICJILI...}).
/-"," B JJ;PyroM rrHCbMe, 03arJIaBJIeHHOM «1\ MeAORY», rOBO-
pIITCH: «3aBIICTb II CTpax CYTl) BeJIITRne AORa3aTBJlI>CTBa
BH3ROM lYITllI: 3a 3aBHCTbIO- CJleAyeT rre'laJlh 01' oJlarorroJlY-
qIIH .n:PY3err II corpalliAaH, a aa CTpaXOM - Hap;emAhI fIa rry-
cure CJlOBa. CRIIcpLI He oA06pHIOT TaRllX JIIOJJ;eM, HO paP;YIOT-
'CH qymOMY 6JIarOIIOJIyqHIO II CTpeMHTCH R TOMY, 'lero IIM
B03MOlliHO AOC'fIHHYTh; a H6HaBIICTL, 3aBHCTL I1 BCHHHe rra-
.rYOHble CTpCTH OBH rrOCTOHHHO BceMII CIIJIaMH H3roHHIOT,
HaR BparOB».
B !IHChMe «1\ AHHOHY» H3JIOmeHLI rrpHHQIIIII>I H6npnXOT-
J1HBoro oopa3a lliH3HH: «MHe OAeHHHeM CJIym:0:T CRHCPCRHM
, IIJlalI(, 06YBbIO - KOma MOHX Hor, JlOmeM - BCH 3eMJIH, 06e-
'.D;OM H aaB'rpaHOM - MOJIORO, CLIp I1 mapeHoe MHCO, llIiTb-
eM - Bo.n:a...»,
A B CJIeAYIOII\eM rrllCbM6, ROTopoe Ha3I>IBaeTCH «It n;ap-
CHOMY CbIHY» 1 8J3TOp paccYJI\AaeT 0 BHYTpeHHeii cBo60p;e qe-
109

, )
nOBC.Ka: «-Y 1'COH QJJICRTb1 H .KOllIcm'>KII, a Y MCHH - CTPCJIb,
M JIYK TIO<JTOMY, CCTCCTECHHO, 1JTO T.b1 - pao, a H CB06op;Clf;
M Y Tc6H MlIoro nparOB, a Y MCHH - HH op;Horo. ECJIH mc
T.bI XO'ICill.b, OT6poCHB ccpc6po, HOCHT.b JIyn H ROJI1JaH M MTI,
co CKllfpaMM, TO MY Tc6H OYP;CT TO mc ca:lvlOC».
OP;HO HS HMcmrqHXCH nMceM HaSBaHO «!{pC3Y}). ABTOp
06parn.aCTCH .K JIMP;HHCEOMY I(apIO J{pe3Y, HSBCCT:HOMY CRO-
MM orpOMHI,IM COCTOHHHCM, H paCCEaSI,IBaeT 00 OTlIomCHHH
CEHq,OB H 60raTCTBY: «...Bl>ICJIyman paCCHa3 0 TOM, "ICMY H
caM Ol>IJI O"ICBH)J;I(CM. BOJII,illaH peHa npOTeEaCT no CEn<pCI'.:OM
3eMJIO, HMCHIIO Ta, HOTOpyIO Ha3l>IBaIOT MCTpOM. Ha HCM 0):\-
namp;bI I{ynI(bI noca)J;MJIHCBOIO oapEY lla MCJII, II, lie ycnon
llnTICM nOMOTIb ropm, C nJIa"ICl\i yp;aJIHJIHCl>.
Pa36oMHIU\H, saMCTMB HX lICC1JaCTlIe, IIOp;'bCXaJlI-I lIa ny-
CTOH JIOP;RC, HCMCP;JICHHO lIa6poCII.JIHCl> Ha rpY3, nCpCHCCJIH
c 6apRM BCC p;BHmrrMOC H lIC3aMCTlIO )];JIH ce6H nCpelICCJIJI H
IICCqaCTbC: 6apRa, OCBooomp;ClIWUI 01' rpY3a, nOp;lIHJIaCI, II
I10JIyqHJIa cnoco6HOCTI, nJIaBaTb, paS60MHI-IqI,H JIOp;Ea, no):\-
HJlBillaH CC rpys, CI'.:OpO nOmJIR EO P;lIY BCJIep;CTBHc nOXHIIW-
HIm qymoro HMyrn.ocTBa.
ho Bccrp;a MomCT CJIyqHTI,CH C OOraTl>IM. CEMq,l>I mc c'a-
JIH BlIC Bccro 3Toro: MbI Bce BJIap;eeM BceM SeMJIeM; TO, :<11'0
OlIa p;aeT P;OOpOBOJII,lIO, MbI 6epCM, a '11'0 cEpI,IBacT," OCTaB-
JIHeM; sarn.Hrn.aH cTap;a 01' p;HEHX BBepcM, MI,I 6CpCM B3aMeH
MOJIORO n CI,Ip; opymne HMeeM MI,I lIe npoTnB )J;pyrnx, a P;.JUI
c06cTBeHHoM sarn.IITl>I B cJIyqae lIap;06HocTn; lIO p;oeJIC 31'0
He nOlIap;OOHJIOCb: HOO Ml>1 HBJIHeMCH P;JIH lIacTynaIOrn.nx H
60pI(aUI H npH3aMn 3a n06ep;yi HO TaEOM npHS lIeMlIorne
JII06HT...» .
AB'I.'Op nnCI,Ma, paSYMceTCH, HeCHOJII,HO IIp;eaJIHSMpye'1'
I1CTHlIHoe nOJIOmCHHe p;eJI y CHncpOB, lIO TCM lIe !I1CIIee cq,op-
MYJIHpOBRIIHOC HM OTHOTIIeHIIC E 60rRTCTBY BeCbMa nOEasa-
TeJIblIO. A OTCYTCTBMe BCHEMX I(elIHocTeH, nO.l-J;qepEMBacT OH;
n03BOJIHCT mHTl> cnoEoHIIO, lIe OOHCl> IIanap;elIMM mam.l-J;yrn.Mx
06orarn.cHHH COCC.l-J;CM. BCP;I, n06ep;HTeJIHM HeqCrO B3HTI, C
HHX, Hpore HX caMHX.
¥me ynoMIIlIacMI,IH sp;ecI. AHorcH JIa3pTcRIIM SlIaEOMIIT
Hac C ern.e O.l-J;lIIIM IIHCbMOM AIIaxapcHca J{PC3Y. CEHq,CHHM
MYP;pCI( TII-ITIICT: «l\apl> JIH)J;HMCRHH, H npH6l>IJI B, CTpalIY 3JI-
JIMlIOB P;JIH HBY"IeH1-1H MX lIpaBOB H BalIHTHH. B 30JIOTe H HU":'
CEOJIbRO ,lIe Hymp:aIOCl>, P;JIH MelIH p;OCTa1'OqlIO BOSBpaTIITI,CH
II CRIIWHIO JTyqillMM qCJIOBCROM. fl npII6bIJI B Cap.l-J;l>1, JJ;YIIIeB-
lIO mCJIaH npHH1'I1CI, 1'e6c no HpaBY».
" AnorcH B CBOCM COTIHHCHMH co6paJI TftRmC n;CJIl>1M pH}].
MeTRX, RpbIJIaTbIX Bb1pamCHHH II II3peqCHIIH AHaxapcHca,
110

C KOTOpbIMH BeChMa HIITepeCHO II IIe6ecnoJIeaHO IIO:maKO-
'MIifTbCH 6.nmI\:e. Herm'fOpbIe lIa IIUX aRTyaJILIIbI II cero;o;mr.
l£To Hm rOBopi'w CRII<pCEIIlr My;o;pen;? 06paTlIMCH K IICTOq-
J1MH'Y. ,D,lIoreH H3JTaraeT Bce CIIJIOIDlrbIM TeECTOM, FIO IIPH n;1I-
THpOBaIIIIH ;o;JTH 60JIee y;o;o6Horo 1I3yqeHlIH H IIpOCTaBIIJI rio-
pH.n;EOBbIe HOMepa. OH IIIIIDeT:
«1. AnaxapCIIC CKa3aJI, qTO BlInorpa.n;nall JI03a IIplIHOCIIT
TplI RHCTII: nepnyro - yJJ;onOJIbCTBIIH, BTopyro - onbHHeHIIH,
TpeTbIO - OTBpaIQeHIIH.
2. On me Bblpa3IIJI y;O;lIBJIenIIe TOMY, qTO Y :3JrmmoB co-
cnI3aIOTClI xy.n;omHIIKII, a Cy;o;HT IIX He xy.n;omHIIKH.
3. Ha BOIIpOC, RaK MomHO ne C;o;eJIaTbCH llbHHIIn:err, on
CJ\a3aJI: "ECJIII IIMeTb IIepe.n; rJIa3aMlI 6e30opaalIH IIbHHbIX".
4. OH BbIpamaJI y.n;HBJIenlIe II TOl\'[Y, 'ITO :3JIJIIIHbI, 1I3;o;aBaH
3alWRbI IIpOTIIB 06II.u:'f.lIEOB, IIOqIITaIOT aTJIeTOB 3a TO, qTO
OIIII Ol>IOT p;pyr p;pyra.
5. YaHaB, qTO' Kopa6JIb IIMeeT B TOJIII{IIIIY qeTblpe IIaJIb-
n:a, OH CKaaaJI, qTO HaCTOJIbEO IIJIbIBYIQIIe B neM y;o;aJIeHbI OT
CMepTII.
6. MacJIo OII Ha3bIBaJI cpe;O;CTBOM .n;JIH B036ym.n;eHHH 6e-
meIICTBa, rrOTOMY qTO HaMa3aHHbIe IIM aTJIeTbI 6ecHTcH ;o;pyr
na p;pyra. "
7. H\mIIM o6pa30M, rOBOpIIJI OH, 3aIIpem.aIOII{lIe JIomb
JIrYT B JIaBKaX OTKpbITO?
8. On BblpamaeT TaEme y.n;IIBJIeHlIe TOMY, 'ITO :3JIJIIifHI)I
rrplI HaqaJIe IIIIpa IIbIOT 1I3 MaJIbIX 'laID, a HaCbITlInIDIICb-
1I3 60JIhIIIHX.
9. TIop; ero 1I309pameHlIeM IIO)J;IIIICblBaeTCH: "Cp;ep7I{IIBaTb
H3bIH', meJIYP;OE, Bce opraHbI TeJIa".
--' 10. Ha BOIIpOC, eCTb JIII y CRII(pOB <pJIellTbI, OH OTBeTIIJI:
",D,ame JI03 HeT" (3'1'0 BblpameHlIe oaHa'tJaeT, 'tJTO qJJIeJlT HeT,
IIOTOMY qTO HeT IIbHHCTBa, a rrbHHCTBa IIeT, IIOTOMY qTO HeT
BIIHorpa;o;a, T. e. JIo3.-M. A.). ,
11. Ha BOIIpOC, KaRIIe Eopa6JtII 6e30IIacHee, CRa3aJI: "BbI-
TaI':qeHllbIe lla 6eper".
12. OH rOB OplIJI , 'ITO C BeJIlIqarrIDIiM y;O;lIBJIeHlIeM BIIp;eJI
y :3JIJIIIllOB TO, >iTO 'P;bIM OHII OCTaBJIHIOT Ha ropax, a p;pOBa
CB03HT B ropop;.
, 13. Ha BOIIpOC, Koro 60JIbIDe, iRIIBbIX IIJIII YMepmlIx, Oll
cEa: "A IIJIaBaIOID;IIX Ky.u: a TbI KJIap;eIDb?".
14. TIoplIn:aeMbIll OAHIIM aTTlIqeCKIIM rpam.n;am!IHOM 3a
cnoe CKlHpCEoe IIpOIICxomp;ellIIe, OH CEa3aJI: "MHe II030p-
OTeqeCTBO, a TbI - cBoeMY OTeqeCTBY".
15. Ha BOIIpOC, 'ITO Y JJ;IO.n;ell xopomo II AypHO, OIl CRa-
aaJI: "HablE". "'-.
, 111

16. OH roBOpMJI, '[ITO JIY'Ime MMeTb O):(Horo ):(pyra, cT6H-
Il\ero MHoro, '<[eM MHorIIX, He CTOHID;IIX.
17. IIJIoIIl,ap;b OH Ha3bIBaJI onpep;eJIeHlIbIM M eCTOM P;JIH
B3aIIMHorO o6Mana II IWPbICTOJIIOOIIH.
18. OClwp6JIeHHbIH IOHomeH Ha mrpmeCTBe, OH CEa3aJI: ,
JOHoma eCJIII TbI B MOJIOP;OCTII He nepeHOCIIillb BIIIIa, TO B
TapOCTlif' 6yp;ernb HOCHTh BOP;y"}) ( 103-105).
06 OCTpOyMHbIX OTBeTax AHaxapcHca paCCI{a3bIBaeT TaE-
me II llJIYTapx. B ero Tpyp;e «CpaBHHTeJIbHbIe mII3HeonIIca-
RHH}) eCTb pasp;eJI, II,OTOpbIH HaSbIBaeTCH « IIHp ceMII Myp;pe- \
n;OB». 3p;ecb B P;BYX cIOmeTax qJHrypIIpyeT CEHcpCEHH MYP;- .
pen;. B nepBOM CJIY'Iae OH HE06bI 6ece;o;yeT C CbIHOM 6ora, .
recpecTa App;aJIOM, EOTOpbIH C'[IHTaJICH lif306peTaTeJIeM qmeH-':'
TbI, a BO BTOpOM - co SIIaMeHHTbIM rpe'IeCKHM 6acHoIIHCn;eM ;...
3S0nOM. IIp;eT cJIep;YloID;HH: pa3rOBOp: «5. ...App;aJI, o6paTIIB- ,...
ruIICb E AHaxapcHcy, CnpOCIIJI, eCTb JIll y CEH<pOB <pJIeHTIICT- '
EH. TOT cpa3Y CEa3aJI, 'ITO HeT p;ame JIOS. App;aJI CHOBa '::'
CTIpOCIIJI: «Ho 60rH Bep;b eCTb Y CEII<p0B?}) - «I-\OHe'IHO,- 
OTBeTIIJI OH,- HO nOHHMaIOIII,IIe 'IeJIOBe'IeCEHH HSblE: He ,TaE"..'':
EaE 3JIJIIIHbI, p;YMaIOIII,IIe, "ITO OHH rOBopHT JIY'Iille CEH<pO B ,. i
H Bce-TaKH TIOJIaraIOID;He, 'ITO 60rII C 60JI:billHM YAOBOJIbCT- ':.
BIIeM" CJIYillaIOT EOCTHHble II' p;epeBHTIHbJe IIHcTPYMeHTbI...»,,'-::
12. Do OEOH"IaHHH II 3Toro pa3rO"Jopa H npep;JIOmMJI MY- ;
maM CEa3aTb HaM H 0 TOM, RaR CJIe,u;yeT BeCTII P;OM; (<Bep;b?"';,
n;apCTBaMII H ropop;aMM BJIap;eIOT HeMHorIIe, a o'Iar H P;OMj
eCTI;> Y Bcex Ham), 
330n, BacMeHBlliMcb, CER3aJI Ha 3TO: «BeT, eCJIH 'rbI B t
>;Il1CJIO Bcex BK.JIIO'Iaeill:b H AHaxapCHca: y Hero HeT p;OMa IiI 
OB J:(3me ropJ:(I1TCH TeM, lITO 011 6eBnOMllbIH H ffiHEeT Ha no- :
B03Re, nop;o6Ho TOMY, RaR 0 COJIHn;e rOBopHT, '[ITO OHO CTpa
cTByeT Ha EOJIeCHMn;e} noceIIl,aH TO TY, TO p;pyryIO CTOPOHY -1
He6a»,- «llo3TOMY-TO,- B03paSIIJI AHaxapCIIC,- OHO mm 
ep;:fIHCTBeHHOe MS 6oroB, HJIH TIpeMMyIIl,eCTBeHHo nepep; p;py-:i
I'IIMII CBo6o)];HO, caMOCTOHTeJIbHO H )3JIaCTByeT Hap; J3CeM,. 
a caMO HHROMY He nO,l];1maCTHO, HO B,apcTByeT II npaBH1'/),
TOJI:bRO TbI sa6:bIJI, RaR npeBocxop;Ha no KpaCOTe H YAHBJiI- '::,;
TeJIbHa no BeJIM'[IHHe ero ROJIeCHHn;a: HHa'[Ie TbI lIe CpaBHMJl';"f
6bI ee C HalliIIMM B rnYTEY H Ha CMex...}). 
TaRoBbI OCHOBH:bIe, HaH60JIee H3BeCTHbJe EpbIJIaTbIe M3pe- :.
'IeHMH, MeTRMe B:blpameHMH H OCTPOYMHbIe OTBeTbI AHaxap- 
CHca. HaBepHoe, He Bce OHM npIIHa)];JIemaT CEII<PCROMY MYP;- .,
pen;y. Ho OCHOBHaH 'IaCTb 3THX cBep;eHMH, 6esYCJIOBHO, OTHO-'i'-
CI1TCH K TOMY BpeMeHH H OTpamaeT HpaBbI M OO:bI"IaH CRH<pOB.':T'
, MHTepecHo OTMeTH'Tb, '[ITO, HeROTOpbIe aHTH'IHbIe aBTopbI 1.
CTHITRm-r Myp;poro AHaxapcIIca TaEme HBo6peTaTeJIeM )];BY3y-A'

::
.J
112

6oI'O mWpH, I'OH'Iapnoro I-\pyra u lJ;Pyrux IIpHCIIOC06Jienl'I:ii.
Ho 3TH YTBepj-Rp;emIH OTBepramI ee B p;pemIOcTH. BOT, Ha-
UpHMep, qTO IIHIIIeT IIO 3TOMY nOBOP;Y CTpa60H; «J];aJiee
8epop OTHOCHT R 3TOMY IDIeMeHH H Anaxapcllca, lia3bIBaH ero
MYP;PbIM: no ero CJIOBaM, OH ObIJI rrpl'I3HaH OP;HHM l'I3 CeMl'I
Myp;pen.oB 3a ReOObIRHOBeJIHYIO B03p;epmaHHocTb H pa3YM.
On Ha3bIBaeT ero H300peTeHl'IHMH ropHIIJ;l'IR TPYT, P;BY3y6bIR
HIWpJ> l'I rOlPIapHbIR Kpyr.
B yrrOMl'IHaro 06 3TOM, XOTH OTJIH"IHO 3Haro, "11'0 n 31'01'
DlICaTeJIb He 000 BceM rOBOpl'IT BIIOJIHe BepHO, B TOM "Il'ICJIe
Ji! 06 Ji!306peTeHHHx AHaxapcl1ca (B caMOM p;eJIe, Kam1:M 00-
pa30M rOH"IapHbIR Rpyr MomeT ObITb ero H306peTeHHeM, eCJIJ'r
o HeM 3HaeT yme rOMep, mHBmHR panbme ero: <<IIop;oono
TOMY KaR KaROH-HHOYP;b rOHqap IIpHJIa{eHHOe B PYRax RO-
JWCO}) M TaR p;aJIee) (VII, 3, 9).
HOHeqHO, H rOHqapHbI:ii Rpyr, H P;BY3y6bI:ll smopb ObIJIJi!
I1300peTeHDI ee p;o AHaxapcHca. 11 rrpHIIJi!CbIBaTb eMY 3TH
H306peTeHHJI HeJIb3H. Ro, MO{eT, OH B qeM-TO YCOBepmeHCT-
BOBaJJ 3TH H )].pyrHe OTRpDITMH?! 11JIH <<H300peJI» Ji!X )].JIH
CRHepOB, T. e. OJIarOp;apH eMY OHH IIo.rryqHJIH IIurpOKoe pac-
npOCTpaHeHHe B CRHepHH?! MomeT, HMeHHO 31'0 Ji!MeJIH B BH-
AY 3epop II p;pyrHe aHTJi!qHDIe IIHCaTeJIM? Be)].b He MOl' me
3epop, IlIIIpORO 06pa30BaHIIbIH yqeHDIH, aBTop IIepBoH «Bce-
MHpHOii MCTOPHH}), Bcepbe3 C"Il'ITaTb, TITO AHaxapcHc BIIep-
BbIS u306peJI M3)].aBHa H3BeCTHbIe qeJIOBe"ISCTBY HROpb H
rOHqapHbIH Rpyr. 31'01' I\aIIIITaJIbHbIR TPY)]., RcomaJIeHHIO,
lIe )].QIIIeJI )].0 Hac. 11 MbI He 3RaeM, qT6 HMeHHO OH HaIIJi!CaJI
00 3TOM. BIIOJIHe B03MomHo, qTO 3wop HMeJI B BH)].y He 11:30-
OpeTeHiiIe HKOpH M rOnqapHOrO Rpyra Bo06IIJ;e, a IIX «OTRPbI-
/TJi!e» AHaxapcIIcoM AJIH CIDI<pOB.
TaRoBbI OClIOBHbIe' cBe)].eHHH 0 CRH<PCROM Myp;peu;e AHa-
xapcIIce - OAHOM U3 HaH60JIee BDIp;aIoIIl.MXCH CblHOB CRI1:WIIII.
PaccRa3 0 HeM XOqeTCH aaROH'IlITb CJIOBaMJi! CTpaooHa: «110-
3TOMY-TO H AHaxapcHc, A6apHc H HeROTopbIe gpyrHe CIDIWbI,
Ji!M IIOlW6HbIe, IIOJIb30BaJIHCb OOJIbmOH CJIaBOH cpe)J;II 3JIJIHHOB,
HOO OHM o6HapymHBaJIH xapaRTepHbW "WPTJ?I CBoero IIJIeMe-
HI1:: ./LW6e3HOCTb, npOCTOTY, cnpaeef)./LUeOCTb}) (VII, 3, 8;
nypcHB MOR.- M. A.).
o TparHqeCROH cyp;boe p;pyroro IIepcoHama CRH<pClWH
- IICTOpHM - CRII<pcKoro u;apH CRHJIa MbI 3HaBM OIIHTD-TaRH 01'
repo)].oTa. OH paccna3bIBaeT 0 HeM mieCTe C HCTopHeH AHa-
xapCHca, IIOKa3bIBaH 3THMH IIpHMepaMH, KaR CBHTO CI{I1:<p DI
'ITYT, CBOII OObI"IaM H «CTapaTeJIbHO H36eraroT IIOJIb30BaTbCH
OObIIaHMII )].pyrHx Hapop;OB H oom:,me BcerO 3JIJIHHCRHMH».
'lITO me MI>I 3HaeM 0 CRHJIe? 3aROHQI-IB paCCRa306 AHa-
113

xapCHce, fepo)J;OT npOp,OJIlliaeT: «Ollem. MROI'O JI6T CUYCTfI
CJ:mJI, Cl>lR ApHarm3., IIpeTepneJI IIop;OOHoe WFOUY. Bep;l> 
ApMaIIHrpa? l1apH CKHIJ!OB, O:WI B 'IHCJ1e APYI'Ji!X ChIROB6H
CRMJI. OR POARJICH 01' iReRll{HH:bI M3 MCTplflI II OTHIOP;:b He
OT TYOOUrn:, M MaTb Hay'IIDIa ero rpe'IeCKOMY H3URY II
IIMCbMY. HeROTOpoe IIpeMH cnYCTH ApMaIIIII}> Ol>IJI npe)J;3.TeJIb-
CRM YOHT Cn3.pFaIDI<pOM, l1apeM .aracpHpcon, a CKHJI RaCJIe-
p;0BaJI n;apCRYIO BJIaCTl> M meRY OTn;a, HMH KOTOPOM 6:bIJIO
OnOnH. 3TR OUOM OhIJIa MeCTHOM YPQjleIlRO:H, Ii{ 01' Ilee Y
ApH3.IIJi{CPR O:bIJI C:bIlI OpHn.
YnpaBJUUI CRH«paMH, Crom OTHIO}J;:b He OUJI p;OBOJleH CKHq,-
CRHM OOpaaQM mH3IDI, lIO rop3.3P;0 60JIbme obm CRJIOnelI K
3JIJIMRCRHM OObP:IaHM BCJIe}J;C'lBHe BOCnHT3.HHH, KOTopoe OH
nOJI'y'lIDl. ,L.{eJIaJI OR c.neJlYIOIqee: BCHRHH pas, EaR CKH.n Be.n
BOnCRO CRMq,OB R ropop;y oopHcq,elIHTOB (oopncweHMTbI 3TH
rOBopHT, 'ITO OIIII MJI.neTHRe) M npHXOp;UJI R HUM, OR OCTaB-
JIM BOMCKO B npe)J.MeCTbe, ,caf me npOXOp;IIJI BRYTPb, 33. 1'0-
P0P;CKYIO CTeuy II 3RJIlIpaJI BopOTa. CIlHB C ceOH CRlIcpCKYro
op;emp;y, OR Ra)J.eBaJI 9JI.nURCKoe nmlTb6. Rorp;a OR me.n B
3TOM mraTbe na phIIIO'IRYro n.nOII{ap;b, 3a HMM Ile c.nep;OBaJUI
HII TeJIOXpamj:Temr II mIKTO P;PyroM (a BOpOTR OXpaRHJIII,
'ITOObI HlIKTO us OKHrpvB He YBl'Ip;eJI em B 3TOM op;emp;e).
l'I 130 BceM OCTaJIbHOM OR nOJIb30BaJICH 3JIJIHHCKIIM 06pa30M
Th"H3lIII II npnHOCnJI mepTBbI 60raM no 31illOHaM 3JIJIIIHOB.
IIpoBep;H TaR MeOf[[( HJIM 60JIee TOro, OH YXO,n:MJI, Ha,!WB CKII<p-
CKYIO op;emp;y. .D,e.naJI OR 31'0 -qaCTO, IiI .l-J;OM noeTpOH.n ce6e B
DopRcq,ene II meHMJICH TaM Ba MeCTHOH 1Renmune» {IV, 78).
.D,aJI:bme npOII30IllJIO CJIeJ1:YWIT(ee: «Ror.n:a me cY$p;eno
ObIJIO CJIY'III1'bCH C HHM HeC-qaCTblO, ORO CJIY'llLJIOOh no Talton
npII'IIIHe. IIomeJIaJI OR 6bI1'b nOCBmn;eRHbIM B T8lHRCTBR .I(HO-"
RHCMH BaKXII'IeCRoro. B TO BpeMH K8K OR COOIIp:mCH npn-
HIIMaTb nOCBHIII.eHlle, eMY 6bIJIO BeJIII'Ianmee :maMemre. BbLII
Y Rero B ropoD;e 60pIIc<pemr1'oH )J.OM o6nmpIlliIx pa:,HilLepoB M
60ra1'o YCTpoenHbrn, 0 R01'OpOM H He3ap:OJII'O nepep; 3THM yno-
MHHaJI. BORpyr Hero CTOHJIIl CIIRRCbI IiI qmtPbl 1iI3 6e.noro
RaMRH. B 3TOT P;OM 601' MeTHYJI MOJI:mIIO. M: fl'OM nOJIHOCTbIO
cropeJI Crow me, ReCMOTpH Ha 31'0, COBepnrnJI 06PHP; no-
CBHII{eHIIH.
A CRIIbI npe3HpaIDT ::mmmOB &a BaKX]i[nCKOe HccTyn-
JIemie. 0InJ; I'OBOpH1', "ITO He llo)J.o6aeTI1IdJYMaTb 601'a, 1\0-
TOpbriI npHBO)WT JIIO,n:ell. It Oe3yMHe. Kor:!J;a me Clum O},JJI
nOCDHH(eH BaRXY, KaRon-TO 60pI'ICHHT CTaJI 1I3,DieDaThCH
Hap; CRH4J:aMII, rOBopH: "HaJJi HaMIl Eb][ CMeeTeC-b, eIm,pbI, TO
MbI nplIXOAIIM B BaRXM'1eCROe IiJ:ccTynJIen1l.e M 'I'FO B Hac Bce-
JIHeTCH 601'. Tnepb &1'0 6oecTIlo BCMIIJIOCL, H B oamero
114

I:WPH, H ,OR B BRKXH'IeClI:OM IICcTymIeRHH H 6e3YMCTByeT llOA
BJIHHmmM 60meCTBa. ECJIH me BbI !\iRe HB nepHTe - CJIelJ:yi1-
TC 3a MHOH, IiI H BaM nOKamy".
CTapei1mlIHbI CKII<pOB nOCJIeJJ;OB3.JIII 3a HMM, H 60pMc<}Je-
TIHT, npHBe)];H HX, 1'aHHo nm.mCTIIJI Ha 6amHc. l{orp:a npo-
meJI co CBHm;eHHoM npon;eccHeM CKMJI, H CKM<pU YBHJJ;CJIH ero
B BaKXJFIeCHOM HCCTYUJIeHllfH, OHM COqJIM 31'0 O'Icm" 60JIhmUM
HCC'IaCTI,CM. BbI:MJJ;H M3 ropop:a, OHM co06n:r.wM BCBMY BoiicKY
TO, 'ITO BMACJIM» (IV, 79).
HaI{ me nOBCJIJil CC6H CHH(pLI? CYJJ;H no paCcHR3Y fepo-
p;OTa, SP;BCh, y CTCH OJILBMII HM'Iero He npOM30lliJlO, 6ep;a
pa3pa3HJlRCh nOSiKe: d\orp;a me nOCJIe BToro CHMJI B03Bpa-
TMJICH « ce6e )];OM01I, C1m<pL1 BOCCTaJIH lIpOBIB Hero, nOCTa-
BMB BO maBe ero 6paTa ORTRMacap;a, pomp;eHlIOro 01' p;oqe-
pM Tepa. CHMJI me, YSHRB 0 TOM, 'ITO COBepmaeTCH npOTMB
Hero, M 0 npJ!l'IHHe, no I<o,TOpoii 111'0 npOHCXOP;MJIO, y6eraeT
BO (j)paIuno. A OHTaMacaJJ;, YCJlblmaB 06 3TOM, nomeJI na
(j)pamIIo BOMHOiL. I\orp;a me on OhlJI y I1cTpa, q)paltHMn;DI
BbIlliJIH CMY H3.BCTpe'IY. IIpemp;c qCM onJiI CXBaTHJlJi!Cb, CH-
TaJlI\ IIOCJIaJI R OI\TmiaCa.n;y CI<asaTL CJIep;YlOII(ee: ,,3a'1eM
MM P;OJ!1I\HbI HCUMTbIBaTh CJi!JIY )];pyr P;Pyra? Tu - CLm MoeH
ceCTpbI H Y Te6H MOM 6paT. OTp;aM me MHe ero, M H nepe-
p;aM Te6e TBoero Cmma C TeM, '1To6DI IlJi! 1'e6e, HH MHe He
pHCRuBaTb BOMCROM".
iho BOSBeru:aJI eMY, nOCJIaB nOCJIa, CHTaJm., Bep;L Y ORTa-
Macap;a HaXOJJ;HJICH 6paT CJilTaJIKa, 6emanlliMR 01' Hero.
ORTaMacap; COrJIalliaeTCH C BTHM II, BhIp;aB CBoero AHP;ID C
MaTepHHCROM CTOpOHLI CHTaJIKY, nOJlY'IHJI 6paTa CRM.JIa.
n CHTaJIR, BaHB opaTa, YBeJI ero C C060M. CKJi!JIY me OHTa-
'-Macap; Ta1l1 me II oTpy6MJI rOJIOBY. BOT TaRIiM oopasoM CRH-
<p bI oxpaHHIOT CBon 06bJ1IaH, a Tex, RTO nepeHHMaeT 'IYiIW-
aeMHbIe BaROHbI, BOT TaR HaR8aLIBaIOT» (IV, 80).
TaRoB paCCRaB fepop;oTa 0 n;ape CRMJIe. )J;oJlroe BpeMH
8TH CBeAeHJi!H paCCMaTpJi!BaJIH OObl'1HO KaR JIerenmr, 1<01'0-
paH' CBHJ.I,eTeJlLcTByeT 0 TOM, HaCROJIhKO 6epeJRHO CRH<pbI
'ITYT CBOn 06bI'IaH H CypOBO paCIIpaBJIHIOTCH C TeMH, KTO
HX napYlliacT. ,
Ho 50 C mflUHHM JleT Hasap; Ha TeppHTOpHJi! PYMUHHH
H lOry 01' YCTbH AYHaH IIPH BcnamRe TIOJIH RpeCThHHe
HaIllm! SOJIOTOR nepcTeHb. Ha ero ru::n:TRe Ji!SOOpameHa CHJJ;H-
m;aH Ha TpOHe meHru;Ima C OOJIhlliHM KpyrJIL1M BepRRJIOM B
npaBoii PYRe. A CJleBa OT Hee BLlpeB8HO nllUI CHHJIa. TaR
paccR8,s fepOJ.l,OTa nOJlY'IIIJI 6eccnopnoe p;oRaSaTeJIhCTBO
Toro, 'I TO CRH<}JCRMH n;apL CRM.JI, He J3bIMLIlliJIeH, a 6LIJI
pe8JILHOM IfCTOpH'IeCROH JIIf'IJIOCTbIO.
115

IIpIl RaKMX 06CTORTeJIbCTBaX ObIJI YTepHII nepCTeHb?
BbUICHMTb aTO yme BPR,f\ JIM ynacTCH. IIpOIlSOIIIJIO 91'0, Ha,f\O
1l0JIaraTb, Ror,f\a CIUm 6entaJI EO <DpaRMIO M MCHaJI saln;lITbI
V .ppaHMMClwro n;apH CMTaJII{a. Ho crraceHMH aHHe HameJI.
GlUm 6bIJI KaSHeH r,f\e-TO y I1cTpa. A .ppaKMMcKaR SeMJIH
cOXpaHMJIa ero rrepCTeHb.
::.hoT nepCTeHb TaMJI B ce6e ell\e O,f\HY sa'ra,f\KY.
10. f. BMHorpa,f\OB rrpOBeJI Crren;MaJIbHOe MCCJIe,f\OBaHMe M
06napymMJI, qTO Ha ,f\ymKe rrepCTHR Ji[MeeTCH ell\e O,f\Ha Ha,f\-
nIICb, KOTopafl C,f\eJIaHa 01' IIMeHM caMoro rrepCTHfl (06bIq-
lIafl ,f\JIR Toro BpeMeHM MaHepa) J71 rJIaCIIT: {(BeJIII 6bITb
(MHe) npH AprOTe}> [18, c. 98].
KTO me 81'01' AprOT, npemHIIM" BJIa,f\eJIen; rrepCTlUI?
10. f. BIIHorpa,lJ;OB BII,f\MT B HeM HeMSBeCTHoro HaM CKM.p-
CHoro n;apR, rrpaBIIBmero r,f\e-TO B 510-490 rr. ,f\0 H. 9.
A saTeM, no MHeHMIO IICCJIe,f\OBaTeJIR, n;apcmui rrepCTeHb
nepeIIIeJI no HaCJIe,f\CTBY (rrpRMo UJIII orrOCpe,f\OBaHIIO) K
C KIIJIY.
MSJIOmeHHble ro. f. BIIHorpa,f\oBbIM BbIBO,f\bI qpeSBbIqaM-
HO HHTepeCHbI Ii 60JIbIIIeM qaCTbIO ,f\OBOJIbHO y6e,f\IITeJIbHbI.
Ho 3TH BonpoCbI, paSYMeeTCH, Tpe6YIOT ,lJ;aJIhHeMIIIero IISY"
,"eHIIR.
He TaK ,f\aBHO paCCKas fep0,f\OTa 0 CRHJIe nOJIY"l1MJI
II ,f\pyrHe BeCRHe ,f\oKaSaTeJIhCTBa. IIpII paCKonRax ,f\peBHe-
rpeqeCKOrO ropO,f\a HIIROHIIR, paSBaJIIIHbI ROToporo JIemB.T
lIa JIeBOM 6epery .n:HecTpoBCRoro JIMMaHa y COBpeMeHHoro
Co PORCOJIffilbI, HaM,f\eHbI JIHTbIe MeJ\HbIe MOHeTbI C HMeHeM
CRIIJIa [43, "11. 1, c. 66-68]. 8TH HaXO,f\RII nOSBOJIHJIII
n. O. ItapbIIIIROBCROMY npIIMTII K BhIBOl\Y, qTO I--bmOH1IM,
I\aR H OJIbBIIR, HaXo,f\MJICH no,lJ; BJIaCTbIO cim.pCKOM ,f\epiRaBb
Bonpoc 0 CIUI.pCKOM npoTeKTopaTe HaiJ; OJIbBIIen
(1;\ Tenepb - II Hm\.OHIIeM) B rrOCJIe,f\HHe rO}J;bI aKTIIBHO pas-
pa6aTbIBaeT fO. r. BIIHOrpaiJ;OB [18, c. 106-108; 20,
c. 398-400]. II pOaHaJIII3HpOBaB BeCb 'ROMrrJIeKC nIICbMeH-
HbIX H apXeOJIOrIIqeCKHX ,f\aHHhIX, OH npIIXOiJ;IIT K BhIBO):(y,
qTO B Ha"IaJIe V B. JJ;O H. a. CKH.pIIH YCTaHOBIIJIa npOTeRTo-
paT HaLl OJIbBneM. i:.ha IWHn;enn;nR OTRpbIBaeT HOBbIe BOS-
MOn{HOCTH LlJIH 60JIee nOJII-IOrO H BceCTopOHHero nOHHMaHHH
rpeKo-cKII.pCKMX oTHomenHM.
TaKHM o6pasoM, H3JIOmeHHa1'I fepbiJ;oToM HCTOPHfl 0
TparMqeCKOM cY):(b6e CIm.<pcKoro n;apH CKHJIa nOiJ;TBepm):(aeT-
CH ):(aHIIbIMIZ! apXeOJIOrliH. Monmo ):(o6aBIITb, qTO npI'l pac-
RonKax OJIbBIIII HaM,f\eH MpaMopHbIM C.pHI-!KC, ROTOPbIM na-
XO,lJ;llTCB: TenepI> B O{l.eccKoM apXeOJIOrH"I1eCKOM Mysee.
He 31'01' JIll C.pHHRC YHpamaJI" OJIbBHMCRIIM ):(OM CKIIJIa?
116
 ;"

By):(eM Hap;elITbCH, 'ITO p;aJIbHeHmHe HCCJIep;OBaHHH OT-
HpOIOT nOBble CTpanHU;bI Tparn-'leCROH HCTOpHH CRllcpCKOrO
Dapn CKH.rra.
ROI'JJ;a II nOtICMY na-«.mJIac.b
cKMcI>o-rrcpCHJJ;CKan BOMBa?
CKHcpo-nepCHp;CRaH BOITHa - OP;HO Ha KpYTIHe:ihmlx C06bITH:H
1\ HCTOpHH CKHCPHH, KOTopoe cyru;eCTBeHlIO TIOBJIHJIJlO Ha
nCTOpH"'IeCKHe cYP;b6bI MHorHX eBpOTIeMCRHX H HaHaTCI\HX
napop;OB Toro BpeMeHH. hOM TeMe TIOCBHru;eHO MHOJIWCTBO
cneU;MHJIbHbIX MCCJIep;OBaHMM OTe'IeCTBeHHbIX H 3apy6em:HbIX
yqeTIbIX. Op;HaRO ep;HHoro MHeHHH TIO MHorHM OCHOBHbIM
nOTIpOCaM p;o cux lIOp HeT. IIpH'IHHbI TOMY - JIaI\OHM'IHOCTb
cnep;eHIIM fepop;oTa, Hep;oC,TaTOI-1: p;pyrHx TIHChMeHHbIX H
apxeOJIOrWIeCI\HX p;aHHblx, pa3JIH'IHoe OTHomeHMe HCCJIep;O-
naTeJIeM It HMelOru:HMcH HCTO'IHllItaM, a TaItme pH):( HHbIX
qlaKTopoB. IImlToMY P;JIH Toro, 'IT06bI p;aTb 'IHTaTeJIIO lIO
I\03M07ImOCTI2I 60JIee lIOJIHYIO K 06'beItTHBHYIO HHcpopMaI!HIO,
Mhl 6yp;eM 'Iaru;e o6paru;aTbcH K npOM3Bep;eHHHM aHTH'IHbIX
aBTOpOB, B nepBYIO O'Iepe):(b R «I1CTOPHH)} I'epop;oTa II
D;uTHpOBaTb neo6xop;HMble OTpbIBKH.
fepOP;OT eIJe P;O omIcaHHH TIOXop;a ):(apJiIH IIa (RncpOB
paCCKa3bIBae.T HaM 0 3aMbICJIaX U;apH. 11 p;eJIaeT 3TO BeCbMa
CEoe06paSHO - B BHp;e p;J2JaJIora ):(apFIH Hero meHb! ATOC-
CbI. }ReHa o6paru;aeTCH It B03JIemaru;eMY C HeM Ha JIome,
Mymy:
«lJ.apb! IIpH BceM TBoeM BeJJHItOM MoryuJ;ecTBe TbI 6es-
;nen:pTByemb. EIJe HH OP;HH Hapop; Tb! He IIOKOpHJI IIepcaM
H He npHYMHOmHJI nepCHp;CI\Oll p;epm:aBbI. qeJIOBeIty MOJIO-
p;OMY, RaI{ TbI, BJIar.TIiTeJIIO BeJIHItHX COI{pOBHru;, CJIep;yeT
npOCJI6tBHTb ce6n BeJIHKMMH IIop;BHraMH, p;a6bI TIepCbI 3HaJIH,
'ITO lIa}],- HHMH BJIaCTByeT Mym. i:.ho IIOll}],eT Te6e BJJ;BOMHe
lIB nOJIb3Y: nepChI 6YP;YT 3Han, 'ITO BO rJIaBe HX CTOHT Mym,
n, 3aHHMaJICb BOllI-10M, OHR He 6YP;YT MMeTh p;ocyra, 'ITo6bI
BOCCTaBaTb TIpO'TRB Te6H. TeTIepb, TIORa ThI em;e MOJIO}]"
TbI Momeillb COBepmMTb BeJIRRHM nop;BRL Bep;h C paCTOM
TeJIa paCTYT H P;YXOBHbIe CHJIbI, a Korp;a TeJIO Ha'IRHaeT CTa-
peTb, TO C HMM BMeCTe p;pHXJIeeT H p;yx II yme Hecnoco6eH
g BeJUmHM cBepmeHRHM.
- meHal Bce, 0 'IeIli TbI rOBopRmb, H II caM ):(yMaIO
COBepIIIMTb. .H Bep;b co6HparocL nepeRHHYTb MOCT C Harnero
'MaTepIma Ha p;pyroM R HP;TI1 Ha CKH<pOB. JiI 3TO CROpO p;OJIm-
I1 0 eBe prnH TbCm) .
117

J
.D:oaJIor 3TOT, BepOHTHee Bcero, BM.l\YMaH caMH1 repo 1
JJ:OTOM. Ho, B03J\;lOiImo, AToeca AeMCTlHiITeJI:bHO orpaJIa 6oJI:b-
myIO pOJI.b B peillemIH roCYJJ:apCTBeHI--!.bIX geJI. 06 3TOM '?
cmmeTeJIbCTBYIOT H COOTBeTcTByroIIJ;He Cn;eHbI B gpaMe 3CXH- :'
JIa «Ilepcbn>. !
3aTeM fepoJJ:oT coo6maeT 0 caMOM rrOXO.l\O H ero IIpH'IH
Hax: «ITocJIe, BaHTHH BaBHJIoHa 6:blJI rIOXo.l\ caMoro .D:apHH 
Ha CKHcpOB. BCJIe)];CTBIIe Toro, 'I TO A3IIH H306HJIOBaJIa 
JIIO)];.bMII n JJ:8HemHbIX cpe)];CTB rrocTYmwo MHomeCTBO, }J;a-,'
pHn nomeJIaJI OTOMCTOTb CI\IIwaM 3a TO, 'ITO OHM rrepBbIe, {
BToprIIIHCb B MH)];Hro H OAepmaB rr06e)];y HaJJI TeMH, KTO j
0I\a3aJI HM conpOTHBJIeHHe, nOJIOmHJIH Ha'IaJIO H8CnpaBe)];JIH- , , ' , _
BOCTH. BeAb, RaR Y M8HH 6blJIO CKa3ano rrpemJJIe, CKflcpbI 9!
BJIaCTBOBamr HaA BepxHeii A3Heii B Te'IeHHe )];Ba)];n;aTH
LOC.bMH JIeT. IIpecJIe}J,YH KHMMepHiin;eB, OmI BTOprJIHCb B ,.
A3IIIO, JIHIIIID3 BJIaCTH lIUIAHMn;eB. BeJJ:.b HMeHJIO nOCJIe)];HHO :
BJfacTBOBaJIH Ha)]; A3IIeii )];0 npHXO)];a CKJilcpOB... ITo 3TDR
npII'IIIHe .D:apHM, meJIaH OTOMCTIIT:b CKlJq,aM, co6paJI npoTHB ?
IIHX BOMCKO>} (lV, 1, 4). '
KaK MbI BHAIIM, rrpIT'lIIHOM noxo)];a fepop;oT C'IIITaeT me-
;mmre )"J,apIIH OTOMCTHTb cKHq,aM 3a OOH)];bI CTOJIeTHeM )];aB- '!
liOCTH.
A TIJIaTOH no 3TOMY IIOBOP;Y Bocrouln;aJI: «no RaHOMY
npany RcepRC npe)];UpHHHJI noxo)]; JIa 3JIJIaJ:\Y HJIH OTen; ero :
Fia C.KJ2fcpoBh. OTcro)];a MomHo 3aKJIIO'IHT.b, 'ITO OH He BH}J,eJI
y ')"J,apHH KI1RHX-JIH60 CepM3H.bIX npH'IHH ):IJIH IIOXO}J;<l Ha
CKMOB.
MOp)];aH npIIBO)];HT CJlep,yroIIJ;ee -OO'bHCIIeHHe rrpH'IHH no-
xOJJ:a Ha CRHcpOB, KOTOpbIX on 3)];eCb l-I3.SbIBaeT rOTaMU::'
«)J;apml, n;apb nepCOB, ChIll fHCTacna, nOifWJI3JI CO'IeTaT}'(H-?
opaKOM e JJ:O'IepbIO AHTHpa, KopomI rOTOB; npOCHJI on 31'0- j
1'0 H B TO me BpeMH onaCaJICH, RaR 6bI He OTImOHHJIH OHH
ero nomeJIIJ.mIn. fOTl'>I, npe3peB pO)];eTBO C HHM, OCTaBHJIH
ero nOCOJIbCTBO HH C 'IeM. OTBeprnYTbIM, OH BOCnJIaMeJIHJI-
CfJ ODI1)];OH II B.bICTaBHJI npoTHB rOTOB BOHCRO H3 700 TbICH'I
BoopYi'ReHHbIX BOHHOB; OR CTpeMHJICH OTOl\fCTHTh 3a CBOM
Il030P 06:rn;eCTBeHHbIM oeJJ:CTBHeM» ( 63). A
3ry me BepcHlo BRpaTn;e H3JIaraeT IToMIIeM Tpor, ROTO-
p.bIM, RaE II 1I0pJJ:aH, HCRamaeT HMH CRH<pCRoro n;apJi: 11AaH-
THpca (y Hero 'IHTaeM 11aHTHp).
KaK MLI BH}J;HlIf, }J,peBHHB aBTOp.bI IIpHBO)J;HT !We COBep- j
lieHHO pa3HIJe BepCHH. RaKyIO me H3 HHX I1WmHO npHHHTb? i
OTBBTHTb Ha [)TOT Bonpoc OAn03Ha- t InO, H3:BepHOe, HBB03- J
MOJI"\HO. ROH8'IHO, BIIOJIHe MOrJIO' ObITb, 'ITO .Q.apHH XOT8JI 1
nOp0)];lIllT.bCH co CRH<pCKHM u;apeM JJIH Toro. 'ITo6bI 3apy-
us

'1HTbCfl ero no]];p;epnmOH B CBOIIX JJ;aJIeIW HAYHX 3aBoeBa-
TeJIbCIH'IX IIJIanax. IIoJIY'IHB OTIU\3, on nOHHJI' 'ITO ne TOJIb-
1\0 He upHo6peJI COI03nHKa IIJIH IIeHTpaJIHOrO cocep;a,
JIO MMceT B JIMIJ,e CRH<pHH CMJIbHOrO Epara, ROTOpbIH MOJReT
noMemaTb ocym;eCTBJIeHHIO 'ero EeJIHRHX UJIaHOB. TaRoro
Bpara I-ryiRHO 6bIJIO 06e301IaCHTb. H }J;apHH p;BHHYJICH BOH-
I-IOH IIa Clm:<p OB . IIoBop;oM me IIOCJIynmJI OTKas Bblp;aTb sa
nero P;O'Ib HP;3.HTHpca.
He HCKJIIO'IeHO TaRiRe, 'ITO UpH Tex me C06bITHHX }J;a-
pHH ne XOTeJI a<pHmHpoBaTb CBOIO Hey)];a'IY C iRenHTb60H H
HameJI )];pyroH IIOBO)]; p;JIn BOHHLI - )];aBrrn:e 06HAbI, npH'IH-
neHHbIe CKIItPaMH BO EpeMn HX rOCIIO)];CTBa B ASHIiI. CJIe)];o-
B8TeJII>HO, H3JIOmeHHbIe p;peBHHMH aBTopaMH BepCHH He HCRJIIO-
-qaIOT op;Ha )];pyryIO. "
Ho llCTO'1HHRIiI rOBopHT TOJIbRO 0 TOM, 'ITO nOCJIYiRHJIO
nOBop;OM R BOHHe. A RaROELI me MCTHHHbIe npH'1HHLI noxo-
p;a J(apHfl Ha CRM<pOB?
COBpeMeHHbIe HCCJIe)1;OBaTeJIH, OTEe'1aH Ha STOT Bonpoc,
npHXOP;HT R pa3JIH'1HbIM BbIBOP;iJ-M. Bee OHH nop;po6HO pac-
eMoTpeHbI H npOanaJIHSHp()BaHbI B pa60Te E. B. qepHeHRo.
TIo3TOMY MbI 03HaKOMHMCH TOJIbRO C OCHOBHbIMH TO'1RaMH
speRMH.
C. n. TOJICTOB, HanpHMep, IIHmeT CJIeP;YIOm;ee: «.fI CRJIO-
BeH BHp;eTb n rpaHp;HosHOM npep;rrpHHTHll ,l],apMfl IIOIiDITRY
npoHTH orHCM II Me'IOM IIO IlaH60JIee rJIy60RHM TbIJIaM Clm-
qHm H BbIHTH B Cpep;HIOIO A3HIO C ceBep<r-3arra)];a, HaBcerp;a
CORPYIIIHB MOm;b CBOHX rposHbIX ceBepo-BOCTO'1HbIX BparOB
II saBepIIIHB ROHCOJIHp;aIJ,HIO cenepHoH rpaHHIJ,bI HMIIepHM.
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/ mmRa3be aXelVIeHHp;CROH BJIaCTH, ROTOj:JOH nenocpep;CTBenno
yrpOmaJIH eBp<meHCRHe CRH<pLI. fHralITCRHH MacmTa6
nc )J;OJIiIteH Hac cMym;aTb. He Ha}.J;O sa6bIBaTb orpOMHbIX pas-
}IepOB caMoH HlvmepHH H MaJIO YCTYnaIOm;HX no npOTflmeH-
HOCTM MapmpYToB nOXOJJ;OB KHpa, KaM6H3a H J(apHH na
TeppHTopIIH OT EaRTpHH p;o EapRH H Hy6HH. feorpa<pH'Ie-
CF,8fl oCBeJJ;oMJIeIIHOCTb nepcon 0 CKHcplfH, BHP;HMO, 6bIJIa
3Ha'1MTeJIhHO BMilie TOM, ROTOpOM paCilOJIaraJIII I'peRH,
Ii pe'Ib iliJIa He 0 IIoxop;e n TaHHCTneHHYIO "cTpaIIY MpaRa",
a B CTpaHY, BepOHTHO, xopomo H3BeCTHYIO nepCI-IJJ;CROH pa3-
neMe» [108, c. 107].
HeCROJI:bIW HI-IDe 06'bflCHeHHe IIPHBO)];IIT M. M. ApTaMO-
HOB: «J(apHM CTpeMHJICR pacnpOCTpaIIIITb IIepcII)];cRYIO
llMnepHIO IIa DeCb TOrp;ailiHHH RYJIbTypHbIH MIIp H, B '1aCT-
nOCTH, nO}.J;'1IIIIIITb IePROMOpcRHe KOJIOHIIH ,rpROB H TeM
CftMbIM aaxnaTHTb ROHTpOJIb Hap; 'IepHOMOPCROM TOprOBJIeH,
119

B OC06eHIIOCTII IIa)]; nocTynJIeHHeM ne06XO)];HMOrO fpeuH
CI{H<PClwro xJIe6a» [8, c. 77].
BJIII3KY1O eMy TO'IKY 3peHHH Bb1CRa3bIBaeT B. A. Pb16a-
IWB: «lloxo)]; J(apuH I BO $paRH1O H CRU<pH1O B 512 r. 6bIJI
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AY1OIIJ;HX rpeRo-nepCH)];CRHX BOHH. IJ;eJIb ero yra)];bIBaeTCH
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cyme H Ha Mope, CTpeMHCb OTpe3aTb fpen;H1O OT xJIe60po)];-
IIbIX u 60raTblx CROTOM II pb160H 06JIaCTeH BaJIRaH II CI-\u-
<p uu , llOBO)];, pa3YMeeTCH, 6bIJI YRa3aH ImoH: MeCTb 3a
p:aBHlle nOXO)];b1 CRll<pOB B MaJIY10 A3111O; O)];1IaRO nORope-
Hue <ppaRllMt(eB, HerrpH'IaCTHb1X R pa360HHH'IbllM Hae3p:aM
CHll<p OB , He OCTaBJIHeT COMHeHMM B MCTHHHbIX CTpaTerll'Ie-
CHMX n;eJIHX rrepCHp:CI\OrO n;apH» [95, c. 169]. '
E. B. qepnenI\o, )];eTaJIbHO rrpOaHaJIM311pOBaB llMe1OnHe-
CH p:aHHbIe H MHeHHH CBOHX rrpe)];IIIeCTBeHHHI\OB, rrpHmeJI I\
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CIWM CRM<pCIWH CTenH, rrO)];pbIB Morym;ecTBa CI\H<pOB (p:JIH
'Iero lIa)];O 6bIJIO He TOJIbI\O H He CTOJIbI\O rrpOMTM 'Iepe3
CI\H<pH1O, CROJIbI\O pa3rpOMHTb OCHOBHbIe ClWb1 CI\H<pOB B
01'Rpb1TOM 6010, 'Iero )J;apHH CTOJIb HaCTOH'IMBO )];06HBaJICH
na rrpOTHmeHHH BcerO rroxo)];a) u 6bIJIO OCHOBHOH n;eJIb1O
l:iepcoB. ll08TOMY HeJIb3H COrJIaCHTbCH C MHeHlWM M. I1. Poc-
TCiBn;eBa, rrOA)];epmaHHbIM M. I1. ApTaMoHoBb1M, BM)];€BmMX
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MOpbH. He HMeeT no)]; C060M a6COJI1OTHO HHI\aROrO peaJIb-
Horo cop:epmaHHH YTBepm)];eHHe M. II. ApTaMoHoBa 0 TOM,
'lITO "OTnop rrepcaM C HX (CI\M<pOB.- E. g.) CTOpOHb1 6bIJI
opraHH30BaH OJIbBHHCI\MMH rpeI\aMH, ROTOpb1M B nepBY10
OlJepep:b yrpomaJIO nepCM)];CROe HameCTBlle". C1'OJIb }Re MaJIO
C60CHOBaHO, MOmeT 6b1Tb, H MHeHHe A. C. FYCHeBOH 0
BepOHTHOCTH Toro, 'ITO "CI\H<pb1, 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbIe n rrpe-
6bIBaHUH 3)];eCb (B CeBepHOM llpH'IepHOMopbe.- E. g.) 8JIJIH-
HOB, n;eJIeHanpaBJIeHHO rrpHHHJIH yp:ap Ha Ce6H"» [121, c. 14].
Terrepb rrOllb1TaeMCH BI\paTn;e npOaIIaJIH3HpOBaTb U3JIO-
)IteHHb1€ TO'IIHi 3pmIMH. RpMTH'IeCI\He BbIBOp:bI E. B. llep-
H€HI\O rrpep;CTaBJIH1OTcH BrrOJIH€ crrpaBep;JIHBbIMM. Ero l'JIaB-
HbIH" BbIBOp: 0 TOM, 'ITO OCHOBl!OM n;eJIbIO rrepCOB 6bIJI pa3-
rpOM CI\M<pOB, Ha MOM B3rJIH)];, rrOJIHOCTbIO COOTB€TCTRY€T
p:eMCTBHTeJIbHOCTH.
BbIBOP:bl C. ll. TOJIcToBa He rrpOTHBOpe'IaT rJIaBHOMY BbI-
BOP;Y E. B. qepHeIIKO, a )];OrrOJIHH1OT ero, eCJIM MomHO' TaR
Bb1pa3M'i'bCH, ITO 'IaCTU CTpaTerH"lIeClmX ITJIaHOB )J;apHH yme
nOCJIe pa3rpOlVla CRUWOll.
120

B. A. PbI6aI\OB HenepHO OIIpep,emm eJIb rroxop,a )J,apHJI,
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ra. Tel\1 caMbIM OHH, pa3YI\1eeTCH JIMIIIaJIH fpeU;HIO xJIe6a,
HO 91'0 yn CJIep,CTBMe, a ne npH'IHna.
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nJIeH I\1YiK'IHn M J-RemD;IlH. ApMapaMH, IIeperrpaBHBIIIMcb na
30 IIHTMp,eCHTllBeCeJIbnbIX cyp,ax, B3HJI CRH<pOB B rrJIeH,
IIpH'IeM 3aXBaTHJI H 6paTa CI\H<pcRoro I{apH MapcareTa,
naHp,H ero 3aHJIIO-QennbIM B OROBM no npHI\a3anllIO 6paTa
3a I\aROH-TO rrpocTynOR. CI\Il<pCRHH apb CRH<pRp6 B rHeRe
naIIllCaJI J(apMIO p,ep3I\Oe nHCb1\10, el\1Y 6bIJI p,an TaROM rI{e
OTBeT» ( 16).
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p,aiKe 6paT op,noro M3 CRll<pCRHX u;apeiI. )J;apHM, nanepnJIRa,
nOJIY'IHJI u;ennbIe cBep,enHH 01' 06MmeHIIOro Ha apcTBYIOID;e..,
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PYIO OHM IIIJIM BOMHOM.
H'orp,a iKe COCTOJIJICH caM rroxop;? Ep,Hnoro I\1HeHMH no
aTOI\1Y Borrpocy TaRiKe neT. fepop,OT JIHIIIb OTMe'IaeT, ,'11'0
noxo}): rrpOM30IIIeJI IIOCJIe n3HTIDI BaBMJIOna, 1'., e. IIOCJIe
521 r. B :31'OM CBHaM B. B. CTpYBe nOp,'IepRHYJI, '11'0 «p;aTll-
pOBI\a fepOp,OTOI\1 IJoxop,a na CI\Il<pOB HBJIHeTCH CJIHIIIROM
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60pa 1'01'0 rop,a, Rorp,a )J;apMM pelmm P,BHIIYTb cnoe BOMCIW
rrpOTHB rrJIel\1eH, naCeJIHBIIIHX CTerrH HaIIIeI'O IIpH'Iepno-
IVlOPbJI» [104, c. 101].
11 p,eHCTBHTeJIbHO, Y'IeHbIe BbICRa3aJIll I\1HOrI\eCTBO pa3-
JIH'IHbIX TQ'IeI\ speHHH OTHOCMT8JIbHO :31'OM p,aTbI. IIpHBop,H
BceB03MOJ-RIlble aprYl\1eJITbI, co06paiKeHHH, rHIIOTe3bI H
rrpOCTO p,orap,RH, OHH OTCTaFIBaIOT TOT HJIM HHOM rop, B rrpo-
MeJI\YTI\e MeiKp,y 520 H 507 rt'. p,o H. 9. [30, c. 371-373;
121

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TlTO CI\J2!<po-rrepCMp;CI\aH BOMHa npOH30IUJI8 B 5'12 r. A6co-
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He B paOOTe E. B. qepHeHKO ['12'1]. PaccMoTpllM CIlCTeMY
ero OCHOBHbIX BbIBOp;OB II paccymp;eHllM.
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122

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p;eRCTBHTeJIbHOCTH. OHH BO MHorOM npeBhlmaIOT peaJIbHbIe})
(c. 18). ITo ero MHeHMIO, fepop;oT CTOJIb neno:r.reprw 3anbI-
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BOCXOp;CTBO CRM<pOB, ROTOpbIe o6eRTMBHo 6bIJIH COID3mma-
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AaJIee yqeHbIR rrpUBop;UT pHP; coo6pamemfH, ROTopble,
no ero MHeHMIO, P;OR83bIBaIOT Hepe8JIbHOCTb YR83aHHoi'I fepo-
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CROJIhRY OHH no-pa3HoMY HCRama10T MMJI Mp,aI-ITMpca.
Y fIoMneH Tpora 'IIITaeM MaHTHp, a y Mopp,aHa - AHTIIp.
XOTH 3p,ecI, HeJII,3fl, ROHe'IHO, nOJIHOCTblO HCRJIIO'IaTb OIUH6-
RY O,r(HOI'O H3 nepCnMC'IHROB.
TaRuM o6pa30M, nOMHMO repop,oTa H He3amlCMMO 01'
Hero eJ:o;e RaR MMHMMYM p,Ba p,pyrMx HCTO'IHHRa TaI\}I\e
onpep,eJIJI1OT 'IHCJIeHHOCTb nepCMp,CRoro BOllcRa B 700 ThICH'I.
A KTecHll I{HHp,cRMll Ha3hlBaeT eIIJ,e 60JII,IIIYro :U;H<PPY-
800 TblCH'I. Bce 3TH p,aHHbIe He p,alOT HHRaRHX 06eRTHn-
III,lX OCHOBaHHM npep,IIOJIaraTI" 'ITO repop,OT npeYBeJIJiI"£IB:JI
'IHCJIeHHOCTI, BOHCRa )J;apHH.
2. E. B. qepHeHRo llbITaeTCH ]J:ORa3aTI, nepeaJIbHOCTb
YRa3aHIIoll fepop,oToM :U;HcppI,I paC'IeTaMH, COrJIaCHO ROTO-
pbIM 700-TbICH'IHOe BOllcRo npM CJIep,OBaHHM op,Holl ROJIOH-
HOM p,OJIH\HO 6I,IJIO paCTHHYTI,CH rrpMMepHo Ha 500 RI\1,
a npR p,HHn,eHHH HeCKOJII,RHMM rrapaJIJIeJII,HbII\1H ROJIOHnaMM
31'0 paCCTOHHRe CORpaIIJ,aeTCH, HO B03HHRalOT p,pyrHe 60JII,-
IIlMe CJIOII\HOCTH.
II3JIOmeHHI,Ie P,OBOP,I,! TaKme He npep,CTaBJIHroTcH y6ep,H-
TeJIhHI,lMH. 0 p,BHi-ReHHH Op,HOM ROJIOHHOM 3]J:ecI, He 1\10nWT
6bITb II pe'III. fI03TOMY CTOJII, BI-IymI1TeJII,Hafl< :O;II<ppa B
500 RM Bp,ecI, HH R 'IeMY. OHa TeM 60JIee HenpHeMJIeMa p,JIH
124

nac, 'WI{ HaR n<:,JIY'Iena, liCXO)];H liB I-IOpM pac 'Ie Ton f. )J,eJIb-
6pIOIm, IWTOPUH B3HJI Ba OCHOBY Tpe60naHlUI repMaHCRoro
BOfHIH()'O ycnma ROH1W XIX B. Be)];h npO)];mUI{elUIe BOllCJm
(aplm no II1I1IpOIUIM npOCTopaM pOBHOM emn-IhI CIUI<pCIWM
C1'crrIlI HeJIhBH cpaEHIIInaTb C IIOXO)];lIbIMIII rrOpH)];RaMU HeMeJJ,-
Iwro rreXOTBoro Ropnyca, r)];e mMpHHa IWJIOHHM orpaIHPIe-
Ha HaR Y3ROM JIeHTOM }];OpOrM, TaR H yCTanHbIMIT HopMaMH
U HIITepnaJIM Me}.R)];y nop;paBp;eJIeHHHMH ].(OBOJIbHO neJIHRH.
Ita!{ me upo):(nHI'aJIOCb nepCH):(CRoe BOMCRO B CRH<pHH?
MHO rrpOp;CTanJIHeTCH 81'0 TaRlIM 06pa30M. B yCJIOnHHX
cpanHHTeJIbHO OTI{PbITOM H ponnOM CTenH H rreXOTa nepcoB,
H IWIIIIHI\8, 11 0603 CJIep;OBaJIH HOCROJIbIUIMH m H p 0 R H M II
II n JI 0 l' H bI M H ROJIOHlIaMH. UpH TaIWM p;BHJReHHH 700-1'bI-
CWIIIoe nOMcIw paCnII'MBaJIOCb na Mapme ):(0 HeCIWJlblmX
.o;ecHTRoB RHJIOMeTpon. tho - BrrOJIHe ):(orrYCTHMbIC I\H<PPbI.
Pa3YMceTcH, aleCb B03HHImJIO lWCT8TO'IHO MHoro 60JIbmHX
11 MaJIbIX TPYJHOCTOM. Ho BOMBa eCTb no:ihm.
TmmM 06pa30M, paCCMoTpeHlIe Bonpoca ° rrpop;BM1ReIIHM
nopCMl-\CIWrO BOMCRa He ):(aeT, I-Ia MOn n3I'JIHp;, HllRaRHX
061c,eHTHnHbIX OCHoBanlIM COMHeBaTLCH B TOM, 'ITO .[(apHH:
npHneJI n CIUI<pruo, Hal{ co06m.aeT fepop;oT, 700 TbICH'I
CHOHX nOHHOH.
3. n pOOJIeMa nporrHT8HHfi OI,W8, oe3YCJIOBHO, O)];HOM U3
n8HoOJfoe cepb03IIbIX npOOJIeM nepcon. 0003 lI3 100 TbICH'!
HOn030I{ - Bem.b, IWHe'IHO, HepOaJIbHaH. Ho 00fi3aTeJIbHO JIM
700-TbICH1IHOMY BOMCKY HMeTb TaIWM 0003?
E. B. qepHemw MCXOAHJI HS Taro, 'ITO nopCbI ):(OJIJRUbI
Ol>IJUI ne3TH C COOOll rrpOBHaHT Ha Bce 60 AHeM noxo)];a.
TaJ:we npeJCTaBJIOIme, na Morr B3rJIfi)];, Henepnoe. CHOJIL-
-,{-io HW TOI'P;8 npoBH8nTa ):(OJInmbI ObIJIM neSTH C C060M nep-
CbI, eCJIH ObI J],apHM yme nOCJIe nepenp8BbI 'Iepe3 MCTp B
caMbIll IIOCJIelJ,IIlIM MOMeIIT ne OTHaa8JICJI 01' rrepBOHaQ8JIb-
Horo n8MepeHHH p83pymHTb MOCT Qepe3 peKY, BeCTH C CO-
60M T8HJli\e :BOMCHO C Hopa6JIell H rrOCJIe IIOHopenHH CI{H<P 0B
li):(TH .raJIbIIlO B Cpep;HIOIO A3UIO?! Be):(L E. B. qepnemw
ne COMIIeBaeTCH B TOM, 'ITO caMOH8):(eHHIIbIM 38nOeBaTeJI:b
nJIBHHpOBaJI l'iMeHHO T8IWM rpaH):(M03Bl>Ill TIOXOA. MCCJIelJ.o-
BaTeJIL npHBO):(HT apI'YMeHTHpOBaIUIoe' MHeHHe C. II. TOJI-
C1'OBa, KOTOpbIM «CHJIOHeH BH.reTb B rpaII}];H03HOM npep;-
npUHTIm )J,8pI1H rronbITKY rrpOMTH OrIIeM H Me'IOM no H3H-
OOJIee I'JIy60HHM TbIJIaM CIm<pIIH II B!oIMTH B Cpe):(IIIOIO A:31'IIO
C c.eBepO-38IIaJ].a, lIanCer.ra COI{pynHm MOm.b CBOUX rp03HDIX
conepO-BOCTO'!HhIX 'np8rOB _ H 38nopIIIHn HOHCOJIM1WHIO ce-
nepnon rpaHHW>I HMnepHH». VI !..(aJIee E. B. qepHeHHO
)w6anJIJIeT': d{OCBeUIIl>IM CBI1}];eTeJIbCTBOM B rrOJIhBY rrepBO-
125

naqaJiLlIOro naMCpeH:l2IJI JJ.apIUI, ,,3aMUptm" CluHjnUO. npo- "
]OmHaTb ,n:a.lIbnei'UlIee npOp,BHIlWrrlIe na BOCTOI{ 3a ee rrpe- '
lWJIbI, fIBJIHeTCH nepBOHa'l3JIbIIOe pcmenHe )J,apIUl 0 pa3py- "'
mCHHH MO(',Ta TJepe3 LYHaM nOCJIe rrepenpaBbI no nCMY ,/;I
BOMCR rrepCOB. 31'01' mar 6bIJI 6eCCMbICJIeIIHhIM II onacHLIM" ,1
B TOM CJIY'lae, eCJIH on HaMepeBaJICJI OrpamI'lIIT1>CJI JIllmh;'
fiOIwpeHlleM CRliG>HII, no BnOJIOe JIOl'II'lRhIM, eCJIH nepCN j'
nepnOna'laJIbHO upep,nOJIaraJI:l2[ npop,omlmTb p,BHmeHlle Ha
BOCTOl{» [121, c. 13-14J. :t
TmmM o6pa30M, nO nepBOIIa'IaJIbHOMY IIJIany )J,apMfI;
nOCJIe rrepenpanbI 'lepe3 IICTp nepcoB OiIHlp,aJI no Mlloro pa3 J
60JIee npOp,OJIJ-.KHTeJIbHbIll noxop, II BOMCIW p,OJI}IUIO 6.bIJIO :;.
6bITb em;e 60JIbIIIHM 3a C'lCT BOHHOB C Iwpa6JICll. I{al\oe me .
IW.lIHTJeCTBO npOBHaUTR, BC.JIM CJIC.lWB8Tb paccyn{}J,cIIIwM:i
E. B. "Y.epneHIw, .IWJIIlUIO 6bIJIO ObITb Y lIllX B TaIWM CJIY-" j
'1ae? 3p,ecb YMeCTHO cnpOCMTb, C l\aKHM 3anaCOM npop,o- '!
BOJIbCTBIUl BbICTYIHWH nepCbI no cDpal\HIO nOCJIe nepenpanbI 
Qepe3 Bocnop cDpal\HMCl\I-IM. )],0 STOro, no npeMJ1 npop,nHme-i
IIHJI no CBoeM TeppH1'OpHJ2I OC06MX np06JIeM C npOp,OBOJIbCT- }
BHeM, nap,o nOJIaraTb, He 6b!JIo. A l\aR }J\:e cHa6maJIOCb 
BOMCl\O na BpaJKecRoll TCppHTOpHM? BeJJ.b ne Be3JIH IIW Bce
C c06011 1I3 nepcHH! Rone'Ino, HeT. Bo Bce npeMeJ18., Ecerp,a
H Be3le BOIOIOm;He BOMcRa Cna6}RaJIHCb npOp,OBOJIbCTBHeM H,]
.pypan-wM rrO'lTFI nOJIHOC1"bIO C 3aXnaQeHHOM TeppMTopHU.'
11 BOMCIW )],aplIJ!, pa3YMeeTcH, ne 6hIJIO, p,a II ne MOrJIO
ObITb HCRJIIO'leHHeM. Cnen;naJIbHbIC ROManp,bI .pypam:np0J3
BaHHl\1aJmCb 3THM IWR BO cDP8HMH, TaR H B CIUI<pHH. 06 3TOM
npJ1MO CBHp,eTeJIbCTByeT caM fepop,oT: «A 1'13 n3 CKH<POI\
lWTOpbIe OCTaB8JIHCb na MeCTe, peIlIHJIn OOJIbme I-Ie BOp,MTb
nepcoB H3 cToponbI B CTOPOHY, no Hanap,81'b oa HFlX BC}!""
RHH pa3, RaR Te 6YAYT p,06bIBaTb npo.roBOJIbCTBHe. J1TaR,
JIOp,CTeperaJ1 BOlnIOR )],apHJ1, p,oobIBaBIlIHx npOp,OBOJIbCTBHe,
OHn: HCnOJIHHJIH npHnJ11'Oe pemeIIHe. KOIIUHI\3 CRM.pOB
BCeI',n:a 06pam;aJIa B 6ercTBo ROHHHn;y Bpara, a cnaCIlIUeCJ1
6erCTBOM Bcap,HHRM nepcon YCTpeMJIHJIMCb R neXOTe, H ne-
XOTa npHXOp,HJIa 11111 Ha nOl\IOIIJ,b. CIUHpbI me, OT6poCHB KOH-
HH:U;Y, nOBOpa'lHB8JIH Ha3a)J;, 60JICb neXOTbI. nOp,OoubIe oa-
nap,eHIIH CRH<p bI cOBeprnaJIn H no HO'l8M» (IV, 128). .)
A B p,pyroM MBC1'e fepop,oT paCCIm3bIBaeT 0 TOM, I{ R8-
RHM cBoe06paSHbIM XHTpOCTJ1M npH6eraJIIi CRH<pbI, p,JIH 1"01'0
'ITo6bI p,OJIbilie 3ap,epmHBaTh nepCOB: «BCJIRHM pa3, "Rorp,a
CRH.pbI BHp,BJIH, 'ITO rrepCbI npHiliJIH B 3aMeIlIaTeJIbC1'BO, TO,
p,JIJI 1'01'0 'lTOObI OHH p;OJIbilie OCTaB8JIMCL B CRH<pHH, a OC1"8-
BaRCb, MY'lHJIHCb, JIHilleHHbIe BCeI'O ne06xop,HMoro, CRHcPbl
IIocTyrraJIH CJIep,YIOIIJ,n:M. 06pa30M: OC1"aBHT 'faCTb CBoero
126

CIWTa C nacTyxaM8, a caMU, HO cnOllia, OTCTYUHT B p;pyryIO
06.11aC'fb, nepe!>I lIto, npH)JJI, 33,XBaTLIBIHOT CROT II, 33,XJ3aTJiIB,
nplw60P:PHIOTCH OT eOBoprnOlIHOI'O>} (IV, 130).
RaE 1\1bI BUP:RM, nopc.h! nOCTOHHHO P;06bIBaJIIf ce60 npo-
JOBO.ri:bCTBHO B caMoH CRHcpHH. ROI'p:a me CIrn:$M CTaJIH
nanaJl,aTb Ha iPypall-OIpOB, nepcbI {<MY1JIilJIHCb, JUiImORHbIe
Decro Ho06xoJl,llMOI'O». CJIOJl,OBaTCJIbHO, C06CTBOHHI,IH 3anae
npOBHaHTa nepeHp;cIwro BOHcRa 6bLJI BeCbMa Ho60JIhlliHM H
OFf flCCHR OIlW 3aJl,OJIrO Jl,0 n01JaJIbHOrO KORI\a lIoxop;a. Em;€
Jl,o Toro, ImR CRl2IiPbI nOCJIa.11H nopcaM CROM 3In:IMeIUITbIe
p;apbI. fepOJ(OT, paCCRa3bIBaH 0 TOM, RaR CRMiPbI cnOl\HaJIb-
no rrOJl,RapMJIHB3.JIll nepCOB, npoJJ;o.ml\aOT: «llOCROJIbRY 8TO
MIloro pa3 nOBTOpHJIOCb, ,l];apHM, naROHOn;, OqyTHJICH B 603-
BbIxoJl,nOM IIOJIOIl-WHHH, M n;apM CRH<pOB, Y3HRB 06 nOM, no-
CJIaJIH BeCTHHRa, npHneClliero B Jl,3.p ,l];apMlo nTlH-\y, MbIllib,
JIJII'YlliRY M UHTh CTpeJI}} (IV, 131). lIoCJIO 3UH30p;a C Jl,a-
paMM BOMCRa rOTOBMJIHCb R rJIaBHOMY cpameHlIIO, ROTopoe
no COeTOHJIOCb. 3aTeM UOCJIep;OBaJIO Il030pHoe 6ercTBo JJ,a-
pIUI. IT 3TMM C06bITllHM MbI em;e, pa3YMoeTCH, BepHOMCH.
3J1,eCb me BalI\HO rrOJl,qepRHYTb, 'ITO nopCHp;CRoe BonCRO
BCTyIIHJIO B CRH<pllIO C H060JIblliHM 3arraCOM npOJl,OBOJIbCT-
mm. CJIeJl,OBaTeJIbHO, H 0603 oro 6bIJI HO TaKfZ£M Y7-R 60JIb-
UH1M, RaR C'HITaeT E. B. qepnonIW, aaRJII01JI[BIIIIIM, 'ITO
«8TH Jl,aHnI>Ie no rr03BOJIHlOT npI1HHTb na Bepy Jl,aHHbIO
. fepOJl,OTa 0 "IHCJIeHHOCTII BoicR IIepCOB, BToprIlIIIXCH 13
CmHIHdIO}} [121, c. 20]. A ROJIl> TaR, TO II no 3TOMY llYRR-
TY HeT HllIWRMX oCHoBaHHM COMH€BaTLCH B TOM, 'ITO Bon-
CIW .D;apHH HaC"IllTLlBaJIO 700 TbICfPI 130HHOB.
IIpOROpMllTb,700-TbICH1JnOe BOn:CRO, OOJIbIlIOe ROJIIl1JeCTBO
...__MiliaJl,eM, OC.IIOB, ObIROB OLIJIO, ROHe'InO, HeJIeTRO, ocooeHHo
B YCJIOBIDIX ll36pam-IOM CRIiI$aMH TaRTHKH J3hIlI"memIOII BOM-
HbI, no Bce me peaJIbHO. Op;nllM 1iI3 OCH013H:bIX HCTO'IHIiIR013
llMTaHHH BOllHOB 6bIJI, Hap;o IIOJIaraTb, CROT. HaRoe-TO ROJIH-
'leCTBO 7-RIiIBOTHbIX nepCbI rnaJIIiI. C COGoiI H3 cDpmHIU. llo-
TOM CTaJIH oT6HBaTb CROT Y CRH$OB, RorJl,a 'Ie n03BOJUlJIU
3'1'0 Jl,OJIaTb. ::hOT BHJI, npoBHaHTa ObIJI yp;ooeH eru;e H TeM,
'1'1'0 HO Tpe60BaJI IIOB030R II nopep;BIIraJICJIJ eaM. KpoMe
Toro, no Mepo paexop;oBaHMJIJ xJI.e6a II p;pyroro IIpOIl:HIItHTa,
ROTOpbIM Be3JIH 13 06030, IIYCTOJIH nOBo3Km; O'bIIDf C.T3-J'IOBH-
JIHCb HOHY7-RHbIMH II Tomo illJIH 13 TIHm;y. B, xyp;rnHe .r\HH
orOJIOJl,aBllllio nepcbI, Bl'!:]IJ;HMO, He Ope31'OB3-JIH H ROHHHOM.
4. Tenopb 0 B'bIBOJl,ax E. B. qepHoHKo ornOCHTeJI.bHO
T.IHCJIeUnOCTH <pJIOTa. Bo-nepBbIx,; neo6xoJlJ;.H:l\>:m OTMemTb,;
"ITO HCCJlep;OBaTeJu, npnmeJI II: CJIH)iJjY!O:f.l\eMY aaRJUO'Ironno:
«MOCT 'Iepe.a BOCHOp CTpoJNICf! na ROpaOJUJIX, no :ID!1 BROOM
127

cJ!Y'lae He Ha Tex, ROTopbIe flCrrOJIb30BaJIMCb JJ}IH CTpOIITeJIb-
CTB8 MOCTa Qepe3 JJ;ynaM. 06 i=nOM npB.MO CBIIp;eTeJIbCTByeT
fepop;oT, paCCKa3blBaB., 'ITO nepep; na'laJIOM rroxop;a Ha CKII-
<p OB ,l],apIIM "paCCbIJIaJI BCCTHIIIWB C npHKa3aHIIeM OP;HIIM
p;OCTaBMTb cyxorrYTllOe BOMCKO, p;pyrMM - <pJIOT, TpeTbMM-
IIOCTpOMTb MOCT 'lepe3 q)paHllMCKMM Bocnop". KpoMe Toro,
Y71-\e B TO BpeMB., Iwrp;a orpOMHoe pa3H08THfl"tIeCKOe cyxo-
nynwe BOMCKO ,l],apllf! m:.u;e nepenpaBJIHJIOCb 'Iepe3 MOCT Ha
Bocnope, I(apb IIpllKa3aJI "llonllMI(aM nJIbITb B lImIT P;O
peKM MCTpa, a no npll6bITlm K MCTPY mp;8Tb ero TaM, Ha-
BOP;B. Mej-Kp;y TeM MOCT"» [121, c. 58].
MHbIMll CJIOBaMll,E. B. qepneHKo C"lIllTaeT, 'ITO y )J,a-
pUB. 6bIJIO p;Ba <pJIOTa. O.IJ;Mn nOCJlymIIJI P;JIB. CTpOHTeJIbCTBa
MOCTa 'Iepe3 Bocnop, a J-\PyroM 6bIJI HaIIpaBJIeH K ,l:\eJIbTe
M.CTpa, r,l:\e cTpOHTeJIIl B03BeJIIl BTopoM MOCT. M 06 STOM
mw6bI CBIl,l:\eTeJIbCTByeT fepO,l:\OT. Ho B IlCTO'lIIIlKe HM'IerO
IIo,l:\06noro Ii 6JIM3KO HeT. lJ;a, ,l:\eMCTBHTeJlbIlO, aHTM'IHbIM
anTop co06IIJ,aeT, 'ITO <<.Ror.ra ,l..(apIIM 3allHMaJlCH npHrOTOBJle-
UMeM K noxo;a;y npoTHB CKH<pOB Ii paCCMJIaJl I'OHI(OB C npH-
Ka30M OP;HHM JJ;OCTaBMTb neliee BOMCKO, P;PYI'MM - KOpaOJIH,
TpeTbHM - CTpOHTb MOCT 'lepe3 Bocnop (l)paKHMCKHM»
(IV, 83). ITaK CJIemreT nOIHIMaTb STH CJIOBa?
C006IIJ,eHHe fepoJWTa COBeplieHHO HClloe H Op;II03Ha'l-
Hoe. lJ;apIiM IIpMKa3aJI: OJJ;HHM - npHBeCTM IIeliee BOMcKO,
P;PyrHM - Kopa6JIH, a TpeTbMM - nocTpoHTb MOCT 'Iepe3
BOCIIOp (l)paKMMcKMM, T. e. cOOpy{JUTb caJ"W. M.OCT c nOM.OUfblO
r.opa6.aeu, (JocTa6.aeH1iNX {JpyeuJ"w'u. BCHKoe HHoe IIOHHMa-
IIHe TeKCTa - STO cTpeM.rremle BbI,l:\aTb j-KeJIaeMOe 3a p;eMcT-
BHTeJIbllOe II BbI'IHTaTb TO, 0 'IeM repop;OT lIe rOBopMT.
TaH me O,l:\H03Ha'lHO rrOIlHMaeTCB. H ,l:\pyroM OTpbIBOF.
fDpOJJ;OTa, lIa KOTOpbIM CCbIJIaeTCH E. B. qepHeHKO. lIpHBe-
p,eM STOT TeKCT rrOJIHOCTblO: «,l],apHll me, o;o:apHB MaHAPOK-
JIa, lIa'laJI neperrpaBJIHTbCB. B EBporry, rrpMKa3aB HOHHMI(aM
IIJIbITb B rIOHT ;0:0 peKM MCTp, KOI';o:a 1-1\8 npM6YP;YT R MCTPy,
OffiHJJ;aTb era TaM, nOCTpOHB MOCT 'Iepe3 peKY, noo <pJIOT
BemI MOI-m:MI(bI, SOJIIlMI(bI H reJIJIeCrrOHTHMI(bI. M BOT MOpCKOIf
cPJIOT, npOMWI MHMO I{HalleM, rrOrrJIbIJI K' MCTpy. IIO.IJ;HHB-
liHCb BBepx no peKe lIa paCCTOmUIe P;BYX p;HeM nJIaBaHMH
OT MOpB., OI-IH naqaJIM CTpOHTb MOCT Y ropJIa peKH, C HOTO-
pOI'O na"llHHa8TCH pa3BeTBJIeHHe YCTbH MCTpa. ,l],apMM me,
rrepellpaBMBIlIHcb no JVIOCTY "lIepe3 Bocrrop, P;BIIHYJlCH qepe3
Q:Jp8KHIO. IIpn6bIB me K HCTO'lHIlKa:lvl peKM Teapa, on pac-
rrOJIOj-KHJICH JIarepeM Ha TpH JJ;HH» (IV, 89).
3p;ecb Xo.r Co6bITH:fI npep;eIbHO flceR. ,D,apHM nepep; TeM,
RaR JIJ1<lHO rreperrpaBHTbcH B EBporry, llpHK8.a8.JI 1\10pB.KaM
128

IIOCJIB OROH'<JaHHH neperrpaBLI paao6p8'J.'b MOCT M nJIbITb R
YICTPY p;mI B03Bep;emm TaM APyroro MOCTa. 11 Mopmul
B TO'IHOCTH BbIllOJIHHJIH 9'J.'OT npHRa3.
TaRHM o6pa30M, B paCCI\1aTpHBaeMblx OTpbIBI{aX, HaR,
BIIpO'IeM, H B P;P3THX MeC'J.'ax CO'IHHeHMH repoAoTa, He'J.'
IIHRaRMx ROHHpeTnbIX YRa3aHMiJ HJIH HaMeROB Ha TO, 'ITO
Y ):(apIHI 6bIJIO ABa '<pJIOTa, 0AHn M3 RO'J.'OpbIX 06eCrre'IHJI
IIepenpaBY 'Iepe3 Bocrrop, a APyroM - 'Iepes I1CTp. 1I3 MC-
'J.'O'IUHRa HCHO CJIe)]yeT, 'ITO 06a MOCTa 6bIJII1 rrOCTpoenLI C
IIO)\10m,bIO OAHHX H T0.X iRe Ropa6JIeM. M Y Hac HeT a6co-
JIIOTnO nHRaRHX ocnoBaHHM rrOABepraTb 8'1.'0 COMHeHHIO.
A E. B. "lIepnemw, rrpHAH H H3JIOmeHHoMy 3aRJIIO'Ie-
UHIO, rrpoTHBOpe'IHT APyrHM CBOHM paccymAenHHM. C oAHon
CTOpOHbI, on C'IMTaeT, 'ITO repoAoT, YRa3aB 600 Ropa6JIen,
HBHO rrpeYBeJIM'IHJI 'IHCJIeHnOCTb qmoTa, 1i! B Ra'IeCTBe 0AHO-
ro H3 aprYMenTOB OTMe'IaeT, 'ITO <{TaROrO 60JIbIIIOrO <pJIOTa,
nOJ-RaJIYM, ne 3HaeT HCTOpHH ApemIe'H rpeIJ,HH. B rpanp;H03-
HOM 6HTBe npn CaJIaMHne Y'IaCTBOBaJIO 358 CYAOB rpeROB,
a B 60IO npH AprHHyccRHX OCTpOBax - caMon RpYIIHOii
oUTBe neJIOnOHeCcRoM BOMHbI,- C 06eHx CTopon rrpUHHMaJIH
Y'IaCTHe JIHIIIb 270 CYAOB (150 a<pHHcRHX M 120 cnapTaH-
CRHX). ):(aiRe A<pHHbI BO BpeMH CBoero HaHBbICIIIero pac-
IJ,BeTa rrpu nepHRJIe C 60JIbITlHM TPYAOM MOrJIH BbICTaBHTb
TOJIbRO .300 60eBbIx CYAOB}) [121, C. 20].
A C .r\Pyron CTOpOllbI, HCCJIe,r(OBaTeJIb nOJIaraeT, 'ITO ):(a-
pHM HMeJJ B03MonUIOCTb c06paTb ABa <pJIOTa: 0AHH - AJIH
CTpOI1:TeJIbCTBa MOCTa 'Iepe3 Bocrrop <DpaRMMcimii, a APY-
rOM - 'Iepe3 I1CTp.
Be.r\b eCJIU BCJIe.r\ 3a E. B. qepHeHRO COrJIaCHTBCH C TeM,
'!T1r-repO.r\OT npeYBeJIH'IHJI 'IHCJIenHOCTb <pJIOTa, rrYCTh l\8iRe
B.r\Boe, TO, rrpHHHB ero rrpe.r\rrOJIO/IWHHe 0 .r\uyx pa3HbIX
<pJIOTaX, rrOJrY'IHM Te me 600 Ropa6JIeM.
KaR MbI BRAHM, 3aRJIIO'IeHHe E. B. qeprrermo 0 TOM,
'iTO MOCT 'Iepe3 Bocrrop M MOCT 'Iepe3 I1CTp 6bIJIM rrOCTpoe-
lIbI C rrOMOIIJ,bIO pa3HbIX Ropa6JIeM, He TOJIblW IIH na 'IeM
He ocnOBaHO, no H BCTyrraeT, B rrpOTMBOpe'IHe C .r\PyrMMH
ero pacCYiRAemlHMH OTHOCHTeJIbHO 'IMCJIeHHOCTH <pJIOTa ):(a-
pHH. 8'1.'0 em,e HarJIH.r\HeenoRa3bIB8eT, 'ITO y«asarrHoe 3a-
RJIIOQeHMe a6COJIIOTHO HerrpaBoMepHo. Y ):(apMH 6blJI OAUH-
e.r\IIHcTBenilbIM <pJIOT, a He ABa pa3HbIx. 8'1.'0 - Bo-nepublx.
BO-BTOpbIX, BbIBOA E. B. LJepHeHIw 0 TOM, 'ITO repO.r\OT
HBHO npeYBeJIH'IIIJI QIICJIenHOCTb <pJIOTa ,lJ;apIIH, ne TOJlhIW
HI1'IeM ne 060CHOBan, HO Jl rrpOTIIBOpe'IHT .r\pyrIIM IIMeIOIIJ,RM-
CH AaHHbIM. -
HaRRe me aprYMeII'fbI BbIABRI'IJ.eT HCCJIep;OBaTeJIb?
6 M. B, AroYHoB
1:29

6 ,t
-, I1epBbIH aprYMeHT CtPopMYJIrrpOBaH TaR: «TaRIIM -0 pa- j
SOM, 'lrrCJIeHHOCTb 3RIInama <pJIOTa lIS 600 CYP;OB, no caMbIM '
MIIHIIMaJIbHbIM nOp;C'leTaM, JJ:OCTIIraJIa 100 TbIC. 'leJIOBeR,.
a 3TO cOBepIlleHHo HepeaJIbHbIe U;IItPPW) [121, c. 20]. 
I10'leMY HepeaJIbII , bIe? II P;JIH 'lero HepeaJIbHI.w? He COBceM' !
nOHHTHO. ;
BTOpoi'r aprYMeHT SaRJIIO'laeTCH B CJIeP;YIOlI\eM: «CJIe-:-',
;n;yeT TaI\me nOMIIHTb, "tITO H3 CYAOB 6bIJI nocTpoelI II MOCT :
'lepes Bocnop, P;JIH 'lero HX Hap;o 6bIJIO HMeTI. He MeHI.Ill8, ;,
'leM P;JIH coopymeHIIH nepenpaBbI 'lepes )];YHaH» [121,'
c. 20]. STOT aprYMeHT, RaR H nOnbITaJICH nORaSaTI. Ha ,,'
npeJJ:bIJJ:ym:rrx CTpaHIIu;ax, MomHO CHHTI.. II MOCT '-repes Boc-
nop <DpaKFIi'rcRrrII, H MOCT 'lepes limp 6bIJIII nOCTpoeHbI C '
nOMom:bIO OJJ:HIIX II Tex me Ropa6JIeII.
TpeTIIH aprYMeHT H yme npIIBOp;rrJI: «KpoMe Toro, TaRO- i"
fO 60JII.IllOrO <pJIOTa, nOmaJIYH, He SHaeT HCTOpIIH p;peBHeII
fpeU;HII...». 3JJ:ecI. He COBceM nOHHTHO, RaROH IIMeHHO 60JII.-
IllOH <pJIOT HMeeTCH B BIIP;Y: lIS 600 Ropa6JIeif, RaR OTMe-
'laeT fepop;OT, HJIII lIS 1200 Ropa6JIeH, eCJIII CJIep;OBaTb'
npep;bIP;YlI\eMY aprYMeHTY OTHOCIITeJIbHO JJ:BYX paSHbIX <pJIO-
TOB. ECJIH pe'lI. IIp:eT 0 1200 Ropa6JIHX, TO 3TOT P;OEOP; OT-
nap;aeT, TaR RaR OCHOBaH IIa npeJJ:I.IJJ:ym:eM aprYMeHTe, ROTO-
pbIH, RaR yme rOBOpIIJIOCb, CHHT.
ECJIII me pe'lI. IIJJ:eT 0 600 Ropa6JIHX, TO npHBeJJ:elUIbIH
p,OBOJJ: 0 TOM, 'lTO IICTOpIIH JJ:peBHeM fpeU;IIII He SEaeT TaRO-
ro 60JII.IllOrO <pJIOTa, He y6ep;HTeJIeH. BeJJ:I. noxop; )J;apIIH Ha
CRII<pOB - OJJ:HO lIS HaII60JIee rpaHJJ:IIOSHbIX BoeHHbIX Mepo-
npHHTIIM. IiI 3aBOeBaTeJIb rOTOBI-WCH I HeMY c 60JII.IllIIM'
paSMaXOM. CBOM <pJIOT eMY npeJJ:OCTaBHJIII TaRIIe RpynHbIe
MopCIHe u;eHTpbI, KaR A6rrD;oc, JIaMncaR, IIapHM, rIpoROO-
Hec, KIISHR, BIIsaHTIIM, XIIOC, CaMoc, <DoReH, MHJIeT, KHMbI, f;j
XepcOlIec <DpaKIIHcImH. C06paTb 600 Ropa6JIeII HM 6bIJIO 
BnOJIHe nOJJ: CIIJIY. 06 HX BOSMomHOCTHX MmmIO CYD;HTb'
XOTH 6bI no TOMY, 'lTO 'lepes HeROTopoe BpeMH nOCJIe CRII- 1
<po-nepCHJJ:CROH BOimbI, B caMOM Ha'laJIe V B. JJ:O H. 8. BO ,
BpeMH HOlmIICRoro BOCCTaHIIH npOTIIB nepCIIJJ:CRoro rocnop;-'
CTBa B03JIe MHJIeTa COCTOHJIaCb MopCRaH 6IITBa, B ROTOpOM, ,
RaR co06m:aeT TOT me fepop;OT, MIIJIeT, HanpHMep, BbICTa- ,I
BHJI 80 Ropa6JIeH, XHOC - 100, CaMoc - 60 (VI, 8).,
COMHeBaTbcH B p;ocToBepHOCTH 8TIIX U;II<PP Y Hac HeT HIIRa- 1\
RHX OCIIOBaHIIH. Y fepOJJ:OTa He 6bIJIO npII'lHH saBbIIllaTb HX. 
ECJIH CJIeJJ:oBaTb JIOrHIe OTHOCIITeJIbHO CTpeMJIeHIIH (<oTu;a
HCTOPIIH» nop;1JepKlIYTb MymecTBo II oTBary rpeROB, TO OH
JJ:OJImeH 6bIJI RaR pas, Ha060pOT, YMeHbIllHTb 'lIICJIeHHOCTb
<pJIOTa HOHIIH:qeB. Ho MI.I He MomeM COMHeBaTbCH, B p;06po-
130

conCCTHOCTII TaROro CJ{pynYJleSHOrO HCCJIep;OnaTeJIH, RRR
fepop;OT.
TaImM o6pasoM, paCeMOTpeHHbIe aprYMeIITbI E. B. qep-
J{eHRO He p;aIOT HIIRaRIIX OCHOBalUIH p;JJ:fl BbIBop;a 0 TOM, 'ITO
<<Bce 8TO He IiOSB'omreT C nOJIHbIM p;OBepIIeM OTHOCIITbCH R
I:(aHHbIM 0 'IIICJI6HHOCTII tPJIOT8 )];apIIfl, C006II\aeMbIM fepo-
AOTOM. BesYCJIOBHO, OHII, RaR II CBep;eHIIfl 0 'IIICJIeHHOCTII
J30HeI nepCOB, CIIJIbHO npeYBeJJ:II'IeHbI» [121, c. 20].
KpoMe Toro, MSJIOmeHHbIH BbIBOP; E. B. qepHeHRo 0 ro-
pasp;o MeHbIIIeH 'IIICJIeHHOCTII nepCMp;eRoro <pJIOTa BCTynaeT
B npOTIIBOpe'IIIe C p;pyrIIMll D;aHHbIMII. IIpH MeHbIIIeM ROJIII-
'IeCTBe Ropa6JIeH HeJIbSH ObIJIO 6bI nOCTpOIITb MoeT 'Iepes
MeTp.
8TO BIIP;HO IIS cJJ:ep;yroII\IIX cpaBHeHIIH. )];JIfl CTpOIITeJIb-
CTBa MOCTa 'Iepes feJIJIeCnOHT B 1,2 RM nOTpe60BaJIOCb, RaR
e006II.{aeT fepop;oT, 674 IWpaOJIfl. E. B. qepHeHRo C'IIITaeT,
'lITO «nop;OOUbIM me oopaSOM ,CTpOMJIefl MOCT 'Iepes )];YHair
H BO BpeMH noxop;a ,[(apHfl» [121, c. G2]. llIMpMHa peRM
sp;eCb paBlIflJIaCb, 110 npMBep;eHHbIM IICCJIep;OBaTeJIeM p;aH-
HbIM, OROJIO 1000 M. CJIep;OBaTeJIhIIO, P;JIH aHaJIOrM'IHOro MOC-
Ta 'lIepOS 11cTp He06xop;MMO ObIJIO nO'ITll 600 Ropa6JIeH.
8TM paC'IeTbI nOJ\aSbIBaIOT nOJIuyro uenpaBoMepHocTb no-
nbITI\M YIVlelIbIIIIITI, 'IIICJIeHHOCTb nepCM)1.CRorO tPJIOTa. OHM rn:e
nop;TBcpmp;aroT p;aHUbIe fepop;OTa 0 TOM, 'ITO <pJIOT ,[(apHH
naC'THTbIBaJI 600 Ropa6JIe:H.
VhaI\:, 3aBcpIIIafl paccMoTpeHIIe Bonpoca 0 'IMCJIeHHOCTH
nepcMp;cIwro J30HCIm II <pJIOTa, CJIep;yeT nOp;'IepRuYTb, 'ITO
MMeIOI.u:necfl p;amn,Ie He TOJIbIW He npOTHBOpe'IaT, lIO II IIOP;-
TBepnJl::HOT p;aUHbIe fepop;(JTa. BO:HCI\:o ,[(apIIfl rraC'IIITbIBaJIO
--700 TbICfl'I BOHIJOB. <DJIOT COCTOHJI llS 600 Iwpa6JreH. IJi[<p-
pbI, Iwne'lIHO, J1IIe'fa.TJJ:mOII.{l1e. Ho COMueBaTbCfl B IIX P;OCTO-
BepnOCTM IIeT nUImRHX OCHOBaHHH.
TenepI> RocueMCH Bonpoca 0 TOM, nO'lJCl\1y KTecHM I\HMp;-
cmtH rOBopMT 0 «800000 BOirCIm», TOr)1.a RaI-\: fepop;oT II
npyrMe HCTO'lIHHRII YIa3bIBaloT 700 TbICfl'lJ. IIpOIJ;IITIIpyervI
cUle pa3 8TH C006II.{eHIIfl II BIIHMa TCJIhlIO B'IIITaeMCfl B Ram-
l(oe UX CJIOBO. fepop;OT OTMeqaeT: «BOHCIa, 6e3 MopCRoro
Q1JIOTa, HaC'IIITbIBaJIO'Cb 700 000 BMeCTe C ROHHIIu;elr, Ropa6-
.11eM me ObIJIO coopaHo IIIeCTbCOT». IIoMneH Tpor nIIIIIeT,
'1'ft} ,[(apHM «BCTynIIJI B CI\M<p HIO C 700 000 BOOpyrKemIblx
JIIOp;eH». Mopp;aH coooII\aeT, 'ITO JapHM BbICTaBHJI npOTMB
CRI:J<pOB «BOMCRO li3 700 'fbICfl1I HoopymeuHblx BOIIHOH».
!hecHIr lI-\:e C<POPMYJIHpOBaJI CHoe coo6u:(eHlie TalC «C06pan
800 000 BOHcRa Ti1 IIOCTpOHB MOCTbl n3 Bocnope 11 MeTpe,
,[(apIIM nepenpaBMJICH B CIm<p Hw ».
6* 1"31

RaR MHe npep,CTaBJUIeTClI, CYTb- sp,eCL B CJIep,YIOII(eM.',
reroP,OT, lloMneM Tpor II Mopp,aH onpep,eJIHIOT B 700 TbI- '
CWI qIICJIeHHOCTb TOJIbRO cyxonYTHoro BOMCI\a )J;apIIH. repo- .
p,OT npM TOM p,06aI3JIlIeT, qTO 6bIJIO co6paHo RpOMe Toro.
600 Iwpa6JIe:H. A I-hecIIrr YRasbIBaeT 06II(yIO tIMCJIeHHOCTb,
cyxonYTHoro II Mop(;ROrO BorrCRa - 800 TbIClIq. CJIep,OBa-
TeJIbHO, MopCRoe BOIWRO HaCqMTbIBaJIO 100 TbICHq treJIOBeR.
HanoMHIO, qTO E. B. qepHeHRo npOBeJI COOTBeTCTByIOIIJ;IIe
paCqeTbI II nOJIyqIIJI Ty me D;II<PPY. TaRoe COBnap,eHIIe,
paSYMeeTCH, He CJIyqarrHoe. OHO nORaSbIBaeT npaBIIJIbHOCTb '
8TMX paCqeTOB E. B. qepHeHKO II HarJIlIp:HO nop,TBepmp,aeT
npep:JIaraeMOe 06'blICHeHIIe OTHOCIITeJIbHO pacxorKp,eHIIlI Mem-
p,y D;II<ppaMII KTeCIIH II p,pyrIIx IICTOqHIIROB. Pacxomp:eHIIe
aTO, RaR MbI BI'fP:IIM, RamYIIJ;eeClI. HIIRaRoro npOTIIBOpeqIIlI
Memp,y IICTOqHIIRaMII HeT. Bce OHII CXOp,HTCH B onpep,eJIe-
HIIM qIICJIeHHOCTII BOMCRa ,[(apIIH, BblcTynIIBlIIero Ha saBoe
BaHlIe CRII<pIIII.
Onpep,eJIII'Ib qlICJIeHHOCTb CRII<pOB, R COmaJIeHIIIO, HeBOS-
MorKHO p,ame IIpII6JIIISIITeJIbHO. HII repop,OT, HII p:pyrIIe aH- .
TIIqHbIe aBTOpbI He TOJIbRO HIIqerO He C006IIJ;aIOT 06 aTOM, .
HO M He p,aIOT HlmaRIIX OTIIpaBHbIX p;aHHbIX p:JIH 60JIee-Me:..
Hee p,ocT(mepHblx nOp,CqeToB. HCHO TOJIl>RO, qTO CI{M<P0B
6bIJIO SHaqI'fTeJIbHO MeHbIIIe, qeM nepcoB.
llepenpana .I(aplul
'Iepea EOCilOp <I>paKHHcKHi
IIpJiIUHB peIIIeHIIe 0 noxop,e npoTIIB CRII<pOB, JJ:apIIrr lIa r llliI1
rOTOBIITbCH K BblcTynJIeHIIro. fepop;oT paccRasblBaeT 06 aTOM
COBceM RpaTRO. Peql> IIp:eT yme 0 KOlmpeTHbIX nplIrOTOBJIe- .
HIIHX R BblcTynJIeImro: «Korp:a ,[(apHM ,SaHIIMaJICH npIIrOTOB-
JIeHIIeM R IIOXO;Dy npOTIIB CRII<pOB II paCCbIJIaJI rOHlOB
C npIIRa30M OP:HIIM p:OCTaBIITb neIIIee BorrcRo, p,pyrIIM - RO-
pa6JIII, TpeTblIM - CTpOIITL MOCT qepes Bocnop <DpaRIIII-
CI\IIrr, . ApTa6aH, CUH rIIcTacna, 6paT ,[(apMH, peIIIllTeJi:bllO i
npOTMBIIJICH TOMY, qTo6bl TOT COBepIIIllJI noxop: npOTIIB CKH-
<pOB, HaUOMHHaH 0 Hep:ocTynHocTII CR!I<pOB. Ho on Bce-TamI
He y5ep;HJI ]J;apIIH nOCJIep:OBaTb nOJIeSHblM COBeTaM: ApTa-
6aH YMOJm,a )J;apHII nOCJIe Toro, KaR y Hero Bce 6bIJIO
npIIrOTOBJIeHO, HaqaJI BLIBOp:HTb BOMCRO HS CyS» (IV, 83).
IIocJIe aTHX CYXHX JIaROHIIqHbIX cBep,eiIIIM HSJIaraeTCH
OqeIIL cBoeo6pasHbIM cromeT: «TYT OAIIH fi3 'I1epcon'-
OIwoa3 - ynpocHJI ,'}J:apIIH, UOCKOJIbRY' y. Hero6bt1IO TpJi'
132

C1>IHa II Bce rOTOBIIJIIICb R rroxo)'J;y, OCTaBIITb eMY OAHoro.
TOT rre CRaSaJI, 'ITO OCT,aBIIT eMY Bcex p;CTeM:, TaR RaR OH,
6yP;Y'IH eMY p;pyroM, rrpOCIIT HeMHOI'Oro. U BOT Oiio6a3
o'IeHb pap;OBaJICH, Hap;eHCb, 'ITO CbIHOBbH II36aBJIeHbI OT no-
xop;a. AapHii iRe npIIRa3bIBaeT TeM, RTO 6bIJI rrOCTaBJIeH
)1.JIH ::noro,. YOHTb Bcex CbIHOBeM: OIiooa3a. OIIll, y6¥ITbIe,
6bIJIH ,OCTaBJIeHbI TYT me, Ha MeCTe» (IV, 84).
8TOT CIOmeT, RaR nOJIaraIOT IICCJIep;OBaTeJIII, Bblp;YMaH
caMHM rep0,lWToM. AmI 'Iero me? BepoHTHee Bcero, RaR MHe
RameTCH, 'ITo6bI rroRa3aTb,' rrOMHMO meCTOlWCTII )J;apIIH,
60JIbIIIOIi pa3Max IIO)1.rOTOBRII R BoihIe: HP;TH B noxop; 6bIJIH
oOH3aHbI ,Bce Mym'IHHbI cooTBeTcTBYIorn;ero BospaCTa, 6e3
BCHRoro HCRJIIO'IeHHH, p;ame CbIHOBbH Tex, Roro u;apb na3bI-
BaJI C}30IIM p;pyrOM.
RaR me pa3BHBaJIHCb COObITIIH )1.aJIbllie? repop;oT cyxo
H RpaTRO cooonweT: «)J;apHn me, nOCJIe Toro RaR BbICTY-
nHJI II3 Cys, npII6bIJI B TY 'IaCTb RaJIXep;OHCRoH o6JIaCTH,
I\OTopaH npIIMbmaeT. R Bocnopy H rp;e 6bIJI nocTpoeH MOCT»
(IV, 85). 8Ta RopOTRaH «ppasa 03Ha'IaeT P;JIIIHHbIH nYTL
npO'fHmeHHOCTbIO npHMepHO B 2500 RM.
MomIIO npep;CTaBHTL ce6e, RaR B H83Ha'IeHHLIM: p;eHb
nepCHp;CRoe BonCRO IIbIlliHO H TopmeCTBeHHO BbICTYIIIIJIO H3
CY3. POCROlliHbIe op;eHHIIH IJ;apH II npIIp;BopHbIX, OOl'aTOe
y6paHcTBo ROJIeCHIIIJ;, p;oporoe, CBepRB.IOrn;ee 30JIOTOM II
cepe6poM opymIIe, Hpmm ooeBbIe 3Ha'IIUI, pa3JHI'IHbIe YRpa-
melIIIH, BeHRII... Bp;oxHoBJIHIOIIJ;He Ha nop;BIIrH pe'lII, npII3bI-
RbI, pap;OCTHbIn peB TOJ1nbI, Bceo6rn;ee J1HROBaHIIe... BeJIIIRIIH
U;apb Hp;eT saBoeBbIBaTb HenoRopHbIX CRII«pOB...
Bou.cRo p;BHraJIOCb no 3HaMeHHToH «u;apCROH p;opore»,
Ha'topaH CBH3bIBaJIa CY3bI, JIeTHIOIO pe3Hp;eHIJ;IIIO IJ;apH,
C Capp;aMII, 6bIBmen CTOJIHIJ;en JIHP;IIH. 8Ta p;opora 6bIJIa
nai:TmeM:IIIeM:, Momno cRa3aTb, cTpaTerH'leCROM: 8pTepIIeH
llepcIIp;clwro rocyp;apcTBa. ITpeRpacHo nocTpoeHH8H, Hap;em-
naH H 6e30naCIIaH BO Bcex oTHomeHHHx, o6opYP;oBaHHaH
CTOHIIRaMH H IIOCTOHJIbIMH p;BopaMII, OHa 6bIJIa OP;HO:fi II3 JIY'l-
lllHX B MIIpe nO'lTOBbIX p;opor TOro BpeMeHII. AHeM H HO'ILIO,
n JIIo6oe BpeMH rop;a, eHHH I-Ia CTaHU;IIHX JIomap;eif, cne-
lllHJIH IIO HeM: rOHU;bI CO CpO'lI-IbIMII npHRa3aMH H p;OHe-
ceHIIHMU, pap;OCTIIbIMII H TparH'leCRHMII HSBeCTIIHMII.
8Ta p;opora onIICaHa repOP;OTOM B p;pyroM MeCTe ero
«I1CTopRH}), rp;e paccRasbIBaeTcH 0 RapTe MHpa ApIIcTaropa
MHJIeTCROro, Bblpe3aIIHoH Ha Mep;Hon p;ocRe. BOT RaI{ BLI-
I'JIH, p;eJJ no CJIOBaM <<OTu;a HCTOpIIII» TIyn H3 CapA B CY3bI:
«Ha BceM ero rrpoTHmeHIIH eCTb u;apcRHe CTOHHRII H OTJIII'l-
!Ible nOCTOHJIbIe P;BOpbI, H BeCL nYTb npOXOp;H'l' no naCeJIeH-
133

HOrr n:' oe30rraCHOM CTpaHe. ,I:(Bap:n;aTbTaRlIX' CTOflHOR p8.C'
OJIOn\eHO IIa nYTII 'Jepe3 JIIIp:IIIO II <DpIIrIIIO Ha paCCTOH-!- '
RMIT 94 1/ 2 napacaHrOB.
11.3 <DPIITFUI nYTb Bep:eT Renocpep:CTBeHHO R peRe faJIM- ';
cy (OOBpeM. p. Kll3bIJI-MpMaR.- M. A.), rp:e eCTb ropHbIM ;
npoxop:, 'Jepe3 BopOTa ROToporo Heo6xop:llMO rrpoMTH p:JIH '"
neperrpaBbI 'Jepe3 peRY. Y BOpOT npoxop:a Haxop,HTCH CTO- ,
pomeBoe YRpenJIeHlle C CIIJIbHOM oxpaIIOM. 3a peIWM CJIe- :
P:yeT Kanrrap:ORllH, II IIO HeM Ha paCCTOflHIIII 104 napacaH- '
roB p:o rpaHIIn;bI KIIuJIlllmll paCIIOJIOmeHO 28 CTOHHOR. Ha <!TOM I
rpaHIIn;e Hap:o rrpoliTII 'Jepe3 p:Ba rrpoxop:a II MIIHOBaTb p:Ba ,
CTopm-ReBLlx YRpellJIeHllH; Ha nyTII 'Jepe3 KIIJIIIRIIIO - TPII i
CTOHHRll Ha paccToHRIIII 15 1 / 2 rrapacaRroB. fpaHI-'!n;y H'II- :
JIllRIIII II ApMeHllIT 06pa3yeT cyp:oxop:RaH peIa no IIMeHII I
EB<ppaT. B ApMeHIIII Haxop:IITCH 15 CTOHHOR C 3ae3mI1MII .
p;OMaMII II CTopomeBbIM YRperrJIeIIl([eM Ha rrpOTHmenlIM I
56 1 / 2 rrapacanrOB. M3 3TOM ApMeHHII nYTb Bep;eT B Ma-
TIIeny; 3p;eCL 34 CTOHHKM Ira paccToflHllll 136 rrapacanrOB.
ITo 3TOM CTpaHe rrpOTeRaIOT 'JeTLlpe CYP:Oxop:Hble peRM.
"lJepe3 Bce 8TII peRll Hap;o neperrpaBJIHTbCH Ha cyp;ax. ITep- I
BaH peRa - TIIrp, 3aTeM BTopafl II TpeTbH nOD; OP;HIIM IIa-
3BaHIIeM 3a6aT. Ho 8TO - pa3Hble peRH, II Ha'JIInaIOTCfl OHII I.
ne B OP:HOH MeCTHOCTII. ITepBaH ll3 ynoMflHYTbIX peR Te'JeT I
H3 ApMeHIIll, a BTopaH - II3 MaTIIeHbI. qeTBepTafl me '
peRa Ha3bIBaeTCfl fllHp;. Ee H'IIp B CBoe BpeMH pa3p;eJIHJI
Ha 360 RaHaJIOB. 3aTeM nYTb IIp;eT 'Jepe3 3TH npoxop:LI B
CTpaHY RMCCHIO; rp:e Ha paCCTOHHHII 42 1 / 2 rrapacaHrOB',
Haxop:MTCH 11 CTOHHOR p:o p. Xoacrra, ROTopaH TaRm:e cyp:o- J:-
xop:Ha. Ha Hell JIem:IIT ropop: CY3bI. Bcex 3TIIX CTOflHOR OT ;
Capp: P;O CY3 111 II CTOJILRO ne rrOCTOHJIbIX p:BOpOB. -," _ 'L
ECJIll 3TOT n;apcRIIM rrYTb npaBIIJIbHO II3MepeH napacaH- 
raMII II eCJIH 1 napacaHr paBeH 30 CTap;IIHM ('ITO TaR H
6CTb Ha caMOM p;eJIe), TO H3 Capp; p:o n;apCRoro D;BOpn;a B '
CY3ax (no IIMeHM MeMHoHllH) 13 500 cTap:lleB, TaR RaR 
rrYTb COCTaBJIHeT 450 rrapacaHrOB. ECJIll C'IHTaTb na Ram:-
P;bIH p;eHb rro 150 cTap;lleB, TO Ha BeCb rrYTb rrpIIp:eTCH RaR 1 "',
pa3 90 p;HeM>} (V, 52-53).
BOMCRO ):(apMH rrpomJIO no «n;apCROH p:opore» rrO'ITM
BeCb YRa3aHHbIH MapmpYT. fp:e-To, He P;OXOP;H JIIIP;HH, nep-
CbI CBepHYJIM R Bocrropy <DpaRIllwRoMY H BblmJIII R TOMY
MeCTY, rp:e 'Iepe3 rrpOJII:m ObIJI nocTpoeH nOHTOHHbIH MOCT.
Ha STOT nYTb ymJIO He MeHee Tpex MeCfln;eB.
):(aJIee fepoP:oT rrpn:6eraeT R llHTepeCHOMY JIllTepaTypHO-
MY nplleMY. ,l];JIH Toro 'JTo6bI orrllcaTb ITOHT 3BRCIIHCRIi!:H,
OR ycam:Ii!BaeT ):(apIIH Ha B03BblmeHHbIM MLIC, oTRyp;a OT-
134

KpbIBaeTCH npeItpacHbIll BIIp: Ha MOpe. C005ru;I:IB, qTO n;apb
IJpH6bIJI It MOCTY, nIICaTeJIb npop:omRaeT: «OTCIOp:a, B30llP:H
Ha ItOpa6JIb, OH nOnJIbIJI R TaR Ha3bIBaeMbIM KIIaHeHM ROTO-
pbIe, RaIt YTBepmp:aIOT rpeItII, npemp:e 6bIJIH 6JIymJJ;aru;llMH
CltaJIaMII. CIIP:H Ha MbICY, OH CMOTpeJI Ha IIOHT, ItOTOpbIE
saCJIymIIBaeT BHIIMaHIIH: Bep;b IIS Bcex Mopell OHO no
CHoeE nplIpop:e car.me yp:IIBIITeJIbHoe. J(JIIIHa ero 11100 CTa-
AlleB, illIIpllHa ate B TOM MeCTe, rp:e OHO illIIpe Bcero, 3300
CTap;IIeB. Y CTbe 3TOro MOpH B illMPMHY qeTblpe CTap:IIH, P:JIM-
Ha me 31'01'0 yCTbH-lipOJIMBa, Ha3BalIHoro BOCIIOpOJ.Y1,--
na HeM-TO II 6bIJI B03Bep:eH MOCT - P:OXOP:MT p:o 120 CTa-
,IlJ1eB. Bocnop me npOCTIIpaeTCfl p:o IIpOIIOHTllP:b1. A IIpo-
IJOHTMp;a, llMeroru;aH B illlIPIIHY 500 CTap:IIeB, B JJ;JIIIHY 1400,
lwymaeTCfl B reJIJIeCnOHT, IIMeloru;lllI B caMOM YSROM MeCTe
ceMb CTap;IIeB B illIIPIIHY, B p:JIImy me - 400. feJIJIeCnOHT 1Re
BTeItaeT B nyqIIHY MOpfl, ItOTOpoe HaSbIBaeTCH 8re:HCItIIM)}
(IV, 85).
qepHoe Mope aJIJIllHbI Ha3bIBaJIll IIOHTOM 8BItCIIHCItHM,
T. e. fOCTenplIllMHbIM MopeM IIJIll npoCTO IIOHTOM. A nep-
Boe BpeMH OHII IIMeHOBaJIll ero IIOHTOM AItCIIHCRllM, T. e.
"HerocTenpIIIIMHbIM MopeM. CTpa60Ii', HanpllMep, OTMe'IaeT,
'-11'0 BO BpeMeHa fOMepa «31'0 Mope 6bIJIO Hep;ocTynHo p:JIH
IIJIaBaHllfl II HaSbIBaJIOCb AItCllHCItIIM lls-sa SIIMHIIX 6ypI> H
p:MItOCTH OItpeCTHblx IIJIeMeH... BnOCJIep:cTBIIll, nOCJIe OCHOBa-
HIU} IIOHHHaMII ropop:oB Ha II06epembe, 91'0 Mope 6bIJIO
HaSBalIO 8BRCMHCItllM}} (VII, 3, 6).
COBpeMeHHbIe IICCJIep:oBaTeJIM nOJIaraIO(l', '-11'0 HaSBaIme
DOHT AItCIIHClm:H - 31'0 nepeOCMbICJIeHHOe rpeItaMM MeCTHoe
HaHMeHOBaHlIe, KOTopoe BOCXOP:IIT It IIpaHCItOMY CJIOBY
b KlliAHHA - TeMHbI:H, qepHbI:H. TaIt llpaHOHSbPIHbIe CI{lI-
<pbI na3blBaJIlI 31'0 Mope. M 91'0 Ha3Bamm COXpaHMJIOCb )];0
HaCTO.Hru;ero BpeMeHII. A 9JIJIllHbI BbIBeJIH MS Hero 6JIM3IWe
no 3ByqaHIIIO CBoe CJIOBO - AI-tCMH.
BamHo nop:'-IepRHYTb, qTO B npOllSBep:eHIIflX aHTMqHbIX
aBTopOB qepHoe Mope Heop:HORpaTHO HaSblBaeTCfl CItH<pC-
RHM IIOHTOM. 81'0 rOBopIIT 0 IlIMpOItO:H IISBeCTHOCTM CI{lI-
<POB II ux OI'pOMHOM BJIIIHHIIll Ha BceM qepI-IOMOpCROM no6e-
p81-KLe.
BepHeMcH It onIIcaHIIIO fepop:oToM IIOIITa 8BItCllHCItOro.
«OTen; IICTOPllll}} p:aJIee paCCItaSbIBaeT 0 npllHn;llIIe CBOHX
I-ISMepeHII:H: «U3MepeHbI 6bIJIll OHM (CTaP:IIH.- M. A.) CJIe-
AYIOIl."(IIM 06pasoM. Ropa6JIb npoxop:llT B TeqeHlIe p:OJIroI'O
AHH npH6JIH3IITeJIbHO 70 000 OprlI:H, a B TeqeHHe HOqH
 60 000 OprlI:H. IIJIaBaHHe me p:o <DacIIca 01' YCTLH Mopn
(BeAb IIOHI' 3AeCb ,D,JIIIHUee BceI'o) 3alUIMaeT p;eBflTb lweIr
135

II Boo8Mb HOqen. 810 C6CraBJIH8'r 1110000 oprnn, a lIB ,-
3'THX oprHn nOJIyqaeTCH 11 100 CTa;r(HeB. TI.rraBaiIHe HS CHH-
p;HRM B .<DeMMclufpy Ha peRe <DepMop;oHTe (B 9TOM MeCTe
TIOHT III-Hpe Bcero) saHrrMaeT TPH P;IUI H p;Be HOqH," ::ho c.?c-
TaBJIHeT 330 000 oprlIII, a CTap;HeB - 3300. II 9TOT TIOHT,
1I Bocnop, H feJIJIeCnOHT 6bIJIH MHon TaRIiM o6pa30M H3- "
MepeHbI H HMeIOT, COrJIaCHO CRa3aHHOMY, TaRYIO 'rtpHPOP;Y:
R IIoHTY IIpHMbmaeT H Bnap;aIOIIJ;ee B uero 03epo HeMUDrHM
MeUbIlle ero caMoro, ROTopoe uaSblBaeTCff MeOTH:HCRHM H
MaTepbIO TIOHTa}) (IV, 86). j 
03HaROMHMCH C 9THMM p;aUHbIMH 6JIHme. OprHfl - COTafl
qaCTb CTap;HH. ECJIH CqHTaTI" qTO sp;eCb HCnOJIb30BaH aTTH'"
qeCRHn cTap;Hn 13 177,6 M, nOJIyqHM, qTO Uarr60JIbIllafl P;JIH-
Ha TIouTa, no repo;o:oTY, paBHa 1971 RM, a UaU60JIbIllaH
IlllIpHua - 586 RM. B ;o:enCTBHTeJIbHOCTH 9TH paCCTOHHHH J _ '
3UaqHTeJIb.fIO MeHbIlle. HaH60JIbIllaH ;O:JIHUa no napaJIJIeJIH j
COCTaBJIHeT 1130 RM, a Memp;y YRasaHHbIMH fepop;oToM
IIYURTaMlI (ycTI,e TIouTa - <DacHc) - OIWJIO 1000 RM.
A IIIupHHa MOpH OT CHUP;HRH (COBp. Auana) p;o p. <DepMo-.;
P;OHT (conp. p. TepMa B TYPIJ;HlI) COCTaBJIfleT JIHIDb OROJIO
400 RM. Ho 3TO ue caMoe IIIHpORoe MeCTO qepHoro MOpH.
Ero uaH6oJII,IllaH IllHpHua IIO MepHp;HaHY nplIXO;O:HTCfl na
yqaCTOR OqaROB - 8perJIlI H paBua 610 RM. TaRHM o6pa- ,I
130M, npHxop;HTCH np1I3IIaTI" qTO fepop;OT ueBepHo npep;- 
CTaBmIJI ce6e ROH<pHrypaIJ;HIO 9Toro 6accenHa II UeTOqHO 1
ep;;::lI:o !SM;:;::HOII Y;:61I:3:;:JII: ,
ero IIpHHIJ;rrna 1I3MepeIIHM C IIOMOIIJ;I,IO ;O:Hen H HOLIen H cpe;o:- ',I
ueCYTOqlIOn CROpOCTH I-wpa6JIfl. M3MepeI-IHfl TaRHM CIIoco60M !
He MorYT ObITI, TOqUI,IMH.
3aTeM repop;OT BHOBI, BOSBpaIIJ;aeTCH R C06I,ITHHM B
YCTI,e IloHm: «)J;apHn me, Ror;o:a HaCMOTpeJICfl lIa ITOH'r, no-
llJII,IJI Ha3ap; R MOCTY, cTpOHTeJIeM ROToporo 6bIJI Manp;pORJI
CaMOCeIJ;. A nOrJIflp;eB Ha BOCHOp, OH IIOCTaBHJI na 6epery
p;Be CTeJlbI U3 6eJIoro HaMlUI, Bblpe3aB Ha op;uon accHplIn-
CIme, a na P;Pyron rpeqeCRHe IIHChMeHa, rp;e nepeqUCJIHJI
Bce TIJIeMena, ROTopbIe OH BeJI; a BeJI on nce IIJIeMena, Hap;
IWTOpbIMH BJIaCTBOBaJI. BOIWRa, 6e3 MOpClwrO <pJIOTa, lIa-
CqIi[TbmaJIOCb 700000 13MeCTe C ROnHHIWH:, 1\opa6JIen me
6bIJIO co6paHo IlleCThCOT. BnOCJIep;CTBHH BH3aHTlInIJ;bI, YJ3eSfl
3TH CTeJIbI B ropo;o:, lICnOJIbSOBaJIH lIX P;JIH aJITapH ApTeMH-
P;bI 0PTOCHH, 3a HCIWIOqeHHeM O;O:Horo HaMlIH. TIoCJIeP;HHll,
SanOJIHeHHbIll aCCHpHMCnl:IMH IIlICbMeHaMJiI, 6bIJI OCTan.nen
B03JIe xpaMa JJ:HOHHca B Blf3aHTlIH. YqaCTOR me BOCIIopa,
HOTOPLIM .J(apHII COep;HHlIJI MOCTOM, no MOHM npe;o:noJIome-
136

IHlf-!M, HaxOAMTC>H nOcpep;M:H8Memp;y BIISaH1'.H8M II XpaMOM,
npM YCTbe Bocnopa», (IV, 87). , .
}J,JIf-! CTpOMTeJIbCTBa MocTa OI:.IJIO BI:.IOpaRo caMoe YSROe
MeCTO npOJIMB8. Ero illlIpMHa SP;.eCl> paBRa 750 M. B aTOM
paHORe CeHqaC B03BI:.lillaI01'CJI pasBaJIIiHI:.J Cpep;I-IeBeROBI:.IX
RpenOCTeH AHap;oJIY- flIccapb1 Ha a3MaTCIWH CTopOHe Boc<p o -
pa II PYMeJIII-rIICCapbI Ha eBporrenCROM 6epery. 81'01' Y'Iac-
TOR 6bIJI HalIOOJIee yp;ooen Rim P;JIH cTpOlITeJIbCTB8 caMoro
MOCTa, TaR M P;JIfl neperrpaBI:.I. 3aRIIneJIa pa6OTa. 11 B RO-
pOTRJiH CpOR reHlIaJIbHI:.III SaMI:.ICeJI BeJIIifIWrO CTpOIITeJIH
MaHp;pORJIa 6bIJI npeTBopeH B 1:I-I:1I3Hb. I10HTOHHbIH MOCT-
ero p;eTIIe - CBH3aJI 6epera ASIIII II EBpOnI:.I. IIplI 3TOM
CJIep;yeT npMHHTb BO BHIIMaHlIe, 'ITO TeqeHlIe lIS IIOl1Ta sp;eCI,
P;OBOJIbHO CHJIbHoe. 8TO TpeOOBaJIO OT MaHAPOlma OOJIbilllIX
8nal-IlIH, CMeJIO:H TBOpqeCROH Mb1CJIII, TO'Inb1X paC'IeTOB.
11 30P;qMM npeRpacno CnpaBMJICfl C TaROM CJIOJI\IIOM Sap;a 1 IeM.
11 ObIJI ep;po B03Harpamp;eH sa CBoe BemI'l.aMillee TBope-
HMe.
00 3TOM fepOAOT COOOrn;aeT CJIep;YIOrn;ee: «}J,apIIH me
110CJIe 3T01'0, npMAfl B BOCTopr 01' MOCTa, Op;apMJI era
CTpOHTeJIf-! Man;o:pORJIa CaMOCIJ;8 BceM B p:ecHTlIRpaTIIoM
pa3Mepe. 113 3TlIX narpap; Marr;o:pORJI nOCBHTIIJI Ha'-IaTKII,
nanlIcaB I\apTHHY, IIsoopamaIOrn;yIO MOCT qepe3 Bocnop na
DceM era npOTHmeHHM 11 u;apH ,D;apIIH, CM;O:flero Ha B03Bb1-
ille nIl II, H BOHCIW ero BO BpeMfl nepenpaBbI. HaplICOBaB 3TO,
OIl nOCBflTHJI I\apTHHY B xpaM fepbI, Cp;eJIaB CJIep;YIOnyIO
Ila;o:nlICb: "HaBeAH MOCT qepe3 Bocnop, 1I3001IJIYIOrn;lIM PbI-
OOM, Mau;o:pOIW nOCnflTMJI fepe, I-mR naMflTb 0 MOCTe, ce6e
CTfl1I,aB Beueu;, caMocu;aM nw CJIaBY, BbIllOJIUMB no SaMbICJIY
_1-1l!pa .D:aplIfl". TalwB ObIJI naMHTl-IlII-I: B qeCTI, CoopYiKeUlIfl
MOCTa» (IV, 88).
CIOmeT, 0 KOTOpOM 11;o:eT peQL, ClWpee Bcero, p:eMcTBM-
TeJIbHO lIM8JI MeCTO. J![soopameI-IIIafl XYAOIKIIlIIWM cu;eua
BIIOJIHe YIwap;bIBaeTCfl B oonyIO cHTyaU;lIIo nol'o nan'moro
HCTOpHQeCIWrO MOMenTa: «Myn-\: caMbIM JIYQilllIH M caMbIll
npeRpaCIII:.IM MS Bcex JIIOp;eII - }J,apH:H, CbIll rlICTacna, u;apb
rrepCOB M Bcero MaTepIII-I:a» nep;eT CBoe AOOJIeCTIlOe BOMCRO
IIOIWpflTb CRH<pOB. J{oueQUO, n TaROM suaMeUaTeJI.bHbIII Qac
qeCTOJIIOOMBb1H 3aBoenaTeJIbp;OmKeH BaiRHO BOCCep;aTI) na
OOJIbillOM BOSBblilleHlI1I II C ropp;OCTbIO HaOJIIOp;aTJ> 3a nepe-
npanOM CBoero orpOMHoro BOHCHa HS A3lIH B EBpony. 81'0
rrop;TBepiH;o:aIOT II CBep:emifH AIIOHMCHfl BH3aHTHMCI\OrO,
aBTOpa HHTepecHeMmero, reorpa<pM'-IeCIWrO cOQrrUenHfl «IIJIa-
Balme no Bocrropy)}. I1PH onlIcaUlIH MeCTa rrepel1paBLI OR
OTMeQaeT: «Cpep;I1 HCTOplIlIeCHIIX rraMHTHI1HOB a'l'O MeCTO co-
137

XpaWIeT I{peCJIO, BI,lpy6JIeHHOe B CKaJIe, II60 Ha HeM, rOBO-
pHT, CHp:e.JI ,[(apIIH ImK SpI-ITeJIb H MOCTa II rrepexop;a BOH-
Clm» (g 57). HaK Ivm: BIIP;HM, P;JIH n;a pH p;a1He 6bIJIO Bblpy6-
JIeHO Cnen;IIaJIbHOe KpeCJIO, Hanop;06IIe TpOHa. fp;e OHO
iraXOp;IIJIOCb, HeHSBeCTHO. BpeMH CTepJIO B naMHTII MeCTHbIX
iRIITeJIeH CBep;eHHH 06 3TOM MeCTe.
llmmpeHMe «PpaKHI'I
IIocJIe nepenpaBbI 'Iepes Bocnop <DpaKfIHcKI-'!H ,[(apIIH P;BII-
UyJICH co CBOIIM MHoro'IIICJIeHH:bIM BOIICKOM 'Iepes <DpaIano
K YCTbIO MCTpa. IIpoHp;H raCTI, nYTII, OH OCTaHOBIIJICH JIare-
peM Ha TPH P;HH Y HCTO'IHIIKOB p. Teap (coBpeM. p. CeMep-
Aepe) .
3TO MeCTO 6bIJIO II3BeCTHO CBOIIMII nCTO'IHIIKaMII, KOTO-
pbIe C'IllTaJIllCI, n;eJIe6HI,IMII. II03ToMY fepop;oT Cnen;llaJIbUO
rrOCBHm;aeT IIM HeCKOJII,KO CTpOK: «iH'IITeJIH OKpeCTHbIX J , '
:MeCT rOBopHT, 'ITO Teap JIY'Ime Bcex peK npIIHocnT IICn;e- )
JIeHne OT JII06bIX 60JIe3HeH II, B 'IaCTHOCTII, JIe'IIIT CTPYIII,H "
Y JIIOp;elr II JIOIIIap;eH. MCTO'IHllROB Y Hero TplIp;n;aTI, BoceMI" , .1 __
TeRYT OHII llS OP;HOH II TOH iRe CRam,I, II Op;HII lIS HIIX XO-
JIOp;Hble, p;pyrIIe rOpH'IIIe. ,[(opora iRe R HIIM pimHaH H3 fe-
peH, ropop;a OROJIO ITepIIH<pa, II H3 AnOJIJIOHllII, ropop;a 
Y 11m-ITa 3BRCIIHCRoro, H Ta n p;pyraH - p;Ba P;HH nYTII. J
Bnap;aeT 3TOT Teap B peRY KOHTap;ecp;, ROHTap;ecp;-
B AprEaR, Apman - B I'e6p, a TOT - B Mope y ropooa 3m :
(IV, 90). I
,[(peBHerpe'IeCRHH ropop; AnOJIJIOHIIH, K ROTOPOMY p:aeT 
npHBHSI{Y fepop;oT, cym;ecTBOBaJI ua 6epery SaJIIIBa Byprac
na MeCTe COBpeMeUHoro 60JIrapCROro ropop;a CosonoJI. OT:"
CIOp:a, uap:o nOJIara Tb, 6I,IJI npOJIOiReu yp;06HbIH rrYTI, R IIC-
TO'lHImaM Teapa. PeRa KOHTap;ecp;, B KOTOPYIO Brrap;aeT Teap,
TO'lHO:M Hp;euTH<pIIRan;IIII ue nop;p:aeTCH. PeKa AprIIaH coxpa-
UHJIa CBoe HaSnaI-Ille p:o CIIX nop, rrpaBp;a, B HeCROJIbRO
HCRMReHUOM Bllp;e - 3preHe. A fe6p - 3TO COBpeMeHHaH 1
p. Mapnn;a. fopop: 3H, OCHOBaHUbIH, RaR C006m;aeT fepOAOT,
(VII, 59) 30JIHHn;aMll, TaRiRe COXpaHIIJI CBoe HaSBaHlIe P;O
IIaUTMX p:Heli. 3TO - COBpeMeuHI,IH ropop; 3ues.
OSHaROMIIBIIIIICb C p:ocTonpIIMe'IaTeJII,HOCTHMII Teapa, '\
,[(apHM, RaK co06m;aeT fepop;OT, npHmeJI B BOCTopr :II rrpII-
I\a3aJI nOCTaBIITb sp;ecI, CTeJIY C HagnIICbIO: «lIcTOR:II peRII '
Teapa P:OCTaBJIHIOT BOP;y, caMYIO JIY'IIIIYIO :II caMYIO npe-
RpacHYIO II3 Bcex peR. M R HHM, Bep;H BOHCRO ua CR:IIWOB s
138

I1pII6bIJI Mym eAMbIM
Beex .JIIOp:eM - JapIIM,
MaTepIIRa» (IV, 91).
STY nJIIITY C Hap:nIICbIO nOCTTITJIa IIHTepeCHaH cYP:b6a.
OHa OI:.IJIa HaMp:eHa B RJIap:I\e CTeHI:.I BI13aHTIIIWROIr RperrocnI
TeRe qM<pllR B03JIe COBpeMeHHoro CeJIeHIIH BYHlIap-XnCcap,
Kyp:a norraJIa 13 pe3YJII:.TaTe BTOpII1IHoro IICrrOJII:.30l ,nul.
HaMp:eHHaH 'Iepe3 CTOJIbRO CTOJIeTHM OYPHbIX RpyroBopoTOB
I1CTOpHII, 3Ta IIJIllTa 3aTepHJIaCh 130 BpeMH PYCCRo-TypeU;Rpll
BOMHI:.I 1829 r.
qeM me PYROJ30p:CTBOBaJICR ,ZJ;apIIll, B03p:BIIrHYB 9TOT
cBoe06pa3HI:.Ill naMflTmm? IIpOCTbIM BOCTo.prOM llJIH RaIUIMII-
JInOO UOJIIITII'IeCRHMII cooopaneHIIRlVm? 113BecTHbIH: 60JIrap-
Clmll IICCJIep;OBaTeJII:. ll. BeHep:llIoB nOJIaraeT, 'ITO Ylta3aII-
I-IaR Hap:l1llCb ObIJIa YCTaHOBJIeHa llMeHHO Y IICTO'IHHI\OB
Teapa no TOM npII'IIIlIe, 'ITO 91'0 MeCTO 6bIJIO U;eHTpoM <ppa-
KIIllCRIIX nJIeMeH Hero 3aXBaT 03Ha'IaJI nooep:y Hap: HHMN.
81'0 MHeHIIe npep:CTaBJIReTCH BeCI:.Ma IIHTepeCHI:.IM.
OCTaHoBRa nepCIIp;CRoro BOMcRa y IICTO'IHIIKOB Teapa,
Ha MOll B3rJIHp:, HeCOMHeHHO, CBH3AHa C onpep:eJIeHHI:.!MII
BoeHHo-nOJIIITll'IecrmMII C06bITIIHMII. R TaROMY BbIBOP:y npH-
BOp:HT CJIep:yIOIIJ;IIe cooopameHIIH.
1. I1CTO'IHIIKII Teapa - u;eHTp <ppaRHllCRIIX nJIeMeH-
6bIJI BbIopaH, pa3YMeeTCH, He CJIY1J:allHO. ,ZJ;apIIll HBHO CTpe-
MIIJICH IIMeHHO CIOp;a. 00 9TOM CBIIp:eTeJII:.CTByeT rrop:p06Heii-
LUee orrIIcaHIIe fepop:OTOM 81'01'0 MeCTa B cpaBHeHIIH C p,py-
rMMll palloHaMll.
2. ,ZJ;apIIll He rrpOCTO cp:eJIaJI 3p:eCI:. OCTaHOBKY, a CTaJI
JIarepeM.
_ __ 3. BOllCIW npOCTOHJIO He OP:IIH p:eHI:., RaR rrpH p:JIII1'eJII,-
HbIX noxo)Jax OObI'IHO BpeMR 01' BpeMeIIll p:eJIaroT P:I-leBKY,
a u;eJIbIX TPH p:HR.
JJ:JIH qero me 31'0 nOHap:06IIJIOCb JJ:apIIIO? q TO 3p:eCI:.
MOrJIO npOII30llTII?
OTBeT Ha 13TH BonpOCbI p:ae1', R p:yMaIO, npIIBep:eHHoe
fepop:OTOM 'IYTI:. HIIme COOOIIJ;eHIIe 0 TOM, 'ITO «<ppalmllU;bI,
BJIap:eroIIJ;He CaJIMllp:eCCOM H mIIBYIIJ;Me BI:.lrne ropop:OB AnoJI-
JIOHIIM II MecaM6pHH (Ha3I:.IBaIOT ne HX cRllpMllap:H IiI mITI-
cen), cp:aJIllCb ,ZJ;apIIIO oe3 OOR» (IV, 93). fp:e n Rorp:a no
npOH30IDJIO? He p:JIR OOR JIM C HIIMM CTaJI JJ:apllll ,JlarepeM
na TPII P:HR Y nCT01J:HIIROB Teapa? M He TaM JIM OHn C)l;a-
J1HCI> eMY oes OOR?
O1'BeTHTI:. Ha 9Tn BorrpOCbI COBeprneHHO op:H03Ua'IHO
IIeJIh3H. Ho Bce me, Ha MOM B3rJIHp:, sp:ecb CJIep:ycT p:au,
IlOJIOrKIITeJII:.HI:.IM O1'BeT.
JIY'IrnIIM It caMbIM npeKpaCHbIll I!I3
CbIlI fIICTacna, n;apJ> nepcoB II Bcero
,-
139

IToCJIe coo6Il.(elUIH 0 CTOHHI\e Y IICTOqIIIIROB Teapa re-j
pOP;OT rrpIIBop;IIT He M:BI-Iee HHTepeCHYIO IIHwopMaIJ;IIIO: «]:(a- ' 
pIIrr iRe, nBIIHYBillIICb OTcrona, rrpII6bIJi R npyrorr peRe, Ha- "'
SBaHIIe ROToporr ApTeCR; OHa TeqeT qepes CTpaF!Y OnpIICOB. ' , 
ITpII6bIB R aTorr peRe, OH CneJIaJI CJIe]J;YIOIl.(ee. 060SHaqIIB j
yqaCTOR SeMJIII, OR rrpIIRaSaJi BOMCRY, qT06bl RaiRnblrr 'IeJIO-
BeR, rrpoxop;H MIIMO, rrOJIOiRIIJI OP;IIH RaMeHb Ha aTOT YRa-
salUlblM yqaCTOR. H'orp;a iRe BOMCRO BbIIIOJIHIIJIO 3TO, OH YBeJI
ero, OCTaBIIB TaM 60JIbillIIe rpYP;bl RaMHerr» (IV, 92).
PeR, -ApTecR no CIIX nop He JIORaJIIISOBaHa. OnHII IICCJIe- ,:
nOBaTem! CqHTaIOT, qTO 3TO COBpeMel'maH p. TYH}J;iRa, JIeBblM
. npIITOR MapIIn;bI, P;PyrIIe OT}J;aIOT npep;nO'ITeHIIe p. TeRe}J;epe,
TpeTbII - p. H'aMqIIH, qeTBepTbIe - p. App;a II T. p;. ::hOT BO-
npoc TeCHO CBHsaH C JIORaJIIIsan:IIerr llJIeMeHII OP;pIICOB II
n03ToMY BbI3blBaeT OiRIIBJIeHHbIe cnopbI yqeHbIx.
JIIo6onbITHoMY qIITaTeJIIO, ROHeqHO, He TepnIITCH YSHaTb, '
nJiH qerO iRe AapHM OCTaBIIJI BOSJIe aTOM peRIl orpOMHbIe rpy- "
}J;bI RaMHeM. V'IeHbIe II B 3TOM BOIIpoce He llpIIillJIII R e}J;II- '
HOMY MHelUIIO. B. AJIII, HaIIpIIMep, CqIITaeT, qTO Ha6pocaH-
;
HbIe rpYP;bI RaMI-Ierr IIORaSbIBaml MHOrOqIICJIeHHOCTb IIepCII}J;-
CRoro BorrCRa. Xp. AaHoB BII}J;IIT sp;eCb IIOJIIITIIqeCRYro neMOH- 
CTpaIJ;MIO, ROTOpyIO AapIIrr IIpe}J;IIpIIHHJI, }J;JIH Toro qT06bI :,
YCTpaillIITb <ppaRIIMcRIIe IIJIeMeIIa. A II. BeHep;IIRoB IIpe}J;JIa-!
raeT 60JIee IIpOSaIIqeCROe o6'bHcHel'me. ITo ero MHeHIIIO, IIep-<
CIInCRoe BOMCRO IIpOCTO paCqIIIl.(aJIO ce6e J:lopory B ropHcToM ,"
MeCTHOCTII. "
MHe IIpenCTaBJIHeTCH, qO AapIIM XOTeJI npOneMoHcTpIIpO- 
BaTb MHOrOqUCJIeHHOCTb CBoero BOMCRa II 3TIIM YCTpaillIITb-*-,
MeCTHbIe IIJIeMel'Ia. ""
A B CJIeP;YIOIl.(IIX CTpORax feponoT co06Il.(aeT YiRe 0 lIORO- :
peHHII 3TIIX IIJIeMeH: «lIpeiRp:e qeM IIpII6bITb R I1CTPY, OH '
nepBbIMII IIoRopHeT reTOB, BepHIl.(IIX B 6eccMepTHe. Bep;b <ppa-
RHMIJ;bl, BJIap:eIOIl.(IIe CaJIMIIp;eCCoM II iRIIBYIl.(Me BbIille ropo-
nOB AIIOJIJIOHIIII II MecaM6pIIII (HaSbIBaIOT iRe IIX CRIIpMIIanbl
II uMrrceM), Cp;aJIIICb AapIIIO 6e3 60H; a reTbI, CaMbIe MYiRe- ;-
CTBeHHbIe II cIIpaBenJIIIBble lIS <ppaRIIMIJ;eB, IIpOHBMB Hepa-
SYMIIe, ObIJIIiI cpasy iRe llopa60Il.(eIIbI» (IV, 93). ,
RaR MbI BHnUM, B ::nOM JIaROHMqHOIi IIH<popMan;MII He ro- 
BOpIITCH 0 RaRIIX-JIM60 BoeHHbIX neiIcTBIIHX. 06 3TOM MOiRHO '
 ;
TOJIbRO p:orap:blBaTbCH. BMP;IIMO, reTbl IIbITaJIIICb ORasaTb co-
npOTMBJIeHIIe, HO He MOfJIII YCTOHTb nepep; CTOJIb MHOrO'IIIC-
JIeHHbIM IIpOTIIBBIIROM II 6bIJIII IIORopeIIbI IIepcaMII.
Ha aTOM MbI SaRaHqIIBaeM SHaROMCTBO C <ppaRIi£MCROM
"IaCTbIO IIoxop;a ):(apIIH. OT BOCIIopa <t>paRIIMCROfO no I1cTpa
ne pCUnCRoe ,BorrCRO IIpOillJIO OROJIO 700 RM. 8TOT IIYTb saHHJJ
140

u,pIIMepuo, MeCB:I(.' J:(apIIH JIeI'R{) nO}{OpXIJI reTo-wpaRIIHCRlre
nJIeMena II nop;omeJI R p;eJIbTe HCTpa. Bnepep;II, sa peJ{QM,
6bIJIa yme CRIIWIIH. HenOJwpnaH CRII.pIIH, ROTOPYIO on npII-
meJI saBOeBaTb. JIerRocTb no6ep; nap; reTaMII II .ppaRIIMn;aMH
[IbHnIIJIa II 6es Tpro BCRpymeHnyIO OT ycnexoB rOJIOBY «n;apH
nepCOB II Bcero MaTepIIRa}), «MYma caMoro JIyqmero II caMoro
npeRpacHoro lIS Bcex JIIOneM». A6COJIIOTHO YBepeHIlblM B no6e-
Jl,e Hap; CRII.paMII, ,l],apIIM CTaJI rOTOBIITbCH R nepenpaBe qe-
pes 11CTp.
HameCTBHe
Ha 3eMJlIO CRHCRYIO
11TaR, nepcIIp;cRoe BOMCRO cTynIIJIO l-Ia CRII<PCRYIO SeMJIIO.
IIocJIe Toro RaR Bce nepenpaBIIJIIICb, )J;apIIM npIIRaSaJI pa3-
pymIITb MOCT qepes 11CTp. Ho no cOBeTY HOH, op;noro lIS
BOenaqaJIbHIIROB, on OTMeHHJI CBoe pemel-IIIe. STOT anIIsoJl,
Oqenb BameH P;JIH npaBIIJIbHOrO nonHMaHIIH 06m;IIX CTpaTe-
rIIqeCRHX sap;aq saBOeBaTeJIH. IIo fepop;OTY, y nepenpaBhI
npOIISOmJIO CJIep;YIOm;ee: «!'torp;a me AapHM II nemee BOM-
CIW, ROTopoe 6bIJIO C HIIM, npn:6bIJIII R 11CTPY, TO, nOCJIe Toro
RaR BCe nepenpaBIIJIIICb, AapHM npIIRaSaJI IIonHMn;aM, pai3py-
mIIB MOCT, CJIep;OBaTb sa HHM no cyme - IIM H BOMCRY C
Iwpa6JIeM. Horp;a me IIonIIMn;bl rOTOBIIJIIICb paspymaTb H p;e-
JIaTb TO, qTO npHRasano, HOM, CbIH SpRcanp;pa, CTpaTer MH-
TIIJIenn;eB, cnpocIIB npemp;e, yrop;Ho Jill 6yp;eT Aapuro BbICJI,y-
maTI:, MuenIIe Toro, RTO meJIaeT ero BblcRasaTb, CRaSaJI CJIe-
--tl:yrom; e e:
,,0 n;apb, TbI c06IIpaellIbcH cOBepmIITb BoeHnblM noxop;
npOTIIB cTpaHbI, B ROTOpOM ne ORameTCH nIIRaRHX noceBon' II
HII op;noro o6IITaeMoro ropop;a. IIoSBOJIb MOCTY CTOHTb i-w-
npIIRocHoBeHHbIM 1m aTOM MeCTe, a CTpaJ-I\lJ.MH ero OCTanT>
Tex, RTO erb nOCTpOIIJI. 11 eCJIU, HaMp;H CRII<pOB, MLI COBep-
IIlIIM Bce COI'JIacno saMbICJIY, TO BosBpam;enIIe HaM 06ecne-
'IeHO. ECJIII me MbI II He CMOj-KeM IIX HaMTII, TO, no Rpaii:-
HeM Mepe, BosBpam;eHIIe Jl,JIH Hac 6yp;eT 6esonaCHbIM. BepJJ
H nIIqYTb He 60IOCb, qTO Mbl 6yJl,eM n06emp;en'bI cKIIcpaMH B
OUTRe. H 60JIbme 60roCb Toro, 'lTOOLI MbI, He 6YAyqII B COCTO-
HHIIH IIX naMTII, 6JIymJl,aH, ne npeTepnemr 6bI mJ.I\OFI-HII6YAb
6ew>I. 11 MOmeT ObIT!., RTo-nII6YP;b CKameT, qTO H rOBopJO
aTO 'paJl,II caMoro ceoH', qTo6bI OCTaTbCn. H 'Re OTRpLITO, BI-
CI<as'bI13aIO MLIC.J'Ib, 'KOTOPyro cqIITaJI nJIH TeOlI, n;apb, HaIIJIY'I-
IDeM. CaM:, op;HaRo, nOCJlep;yiO' sa T060:H 'II: ne' OCTl:iHYCL".
,', '
, HI

,D,apliH 6bIJIO'IeHb p;OBOJIeH COBeTOM H OTBe-<IaJI eMY TaIUI-
MH CJIOBaMll: "Qyme3eMeu; JIeCOOCeu;, KOrp;a H OJIarOIIOJIY'lHO
BepHycb Hasap; B MOM P;OM, HBMCb KO MI-Ie HenpeMemIO, 'ITO-
Obi H OT6JIarop;apliJI Te05J: 3a P;OOpbfM COBeT P;OOpbIMM p;e-
JIa Mll" .
CKasaB 3TO H saBHsaB IIIeCTbp;eCHT YSJIOB Ha peMHe, OH,
nOSBaB P;JIH oecep;bl 1l0HMHCKliX TlipaHOB, rOBOplIJI CJIep;yIO-
rn;ee: "MYIKII 1I0HHHe! llpeiIn-Iee pemelme, BbICKasamIOe OT-
HOCI-ITeJIbHo MOCTa, H OTMeHHIO. BbI 1:!{e, BSHB 3TOT peMeHb,
TIocTynaI-i:Te TaR. RaH TOJIbKO YBHp;MTe, <ITO H OTIIpaBHJICH
npOTIiB CKllcpOB, TO lIa'UII-IaH C 3Toro BpeMeHI'! BbI Ka1:!{p;blI-i:
p;er-Ib paSBH3bIBaHTe lIO Y3JIy. ECJIJiI me B Te'Ielure :3TOrc, Bpe-
MeHM H He lIPI10YP;Y, a P;Hll, OTMepeHHbIe Y3JIaMH, y Rac
npllP;YT H KOHU;Y, OTnJIbIBaMTe Ha CBOIO pop;Mny. Ho P;O 3Toro
npeMeHM, nOCKO.TlbKY H nepeMeHIIJI pemeHlle, oxpalIHMTe MOCT,
npOHBJIHH Bce ycepp;Me pa.D;1l ero CilaceHllH M oxpaHbI. llOCTY-
naH TaK, BbI MHe 'lpeSBbl'laMHO yrop;MTe". CKasaB 3TO, )J:apHM
P;BllHYJICH Brrepep;» (IV, 97-8).
HaKlie BbIBOP;bI M01:!mO Cp;eJIaTb OTCIOp;a? RaK Y1:!{e rOBO-
pllJIOCb, 3TOT 3rrllSOp; HaTaJIKllBaeT Ha MbICJIb 0 TOM, 'ITO Y
)J:apMH IIepBOHa'IaJIbHO ObIJIIi MHbre TIJIaHbI: 1l0CJIe nOKope- l '
lIMH CKlIcpOB D;BllHYTbCH p;aJIbme Ha saBoeBaHlie CpeD;HeM
ASll'01:!mo rrpep;IIOJIaraTb, 'ITO rrOCJIe J]:eperrpaBbI )J:apliM co- ,I "
opaJI Ha COBeT Bcex BOeHa'IaJIbHllKOB II rrOp;eJIIiJICH 3TMMII
rrJIaHaMH. IIocJIe BcecTopOfIHero oocymp;eHllH rJIaBHbIM 00-
'pasoM nop; BIIe'IaTJIeHlleM BbICTYIIJIeIIHH ROH, OT TaKIiX rpaH- 1- : , '
P;MOSHbIX CTpeMJIeHMM IIpHIIIJIOCb OTKasaTbCH. repOP;OT 1:!{e B
cmaTOM BHp;e IlSJIOmHJI TOJIbKO CYTb IIpOlicmep;IIIero, w nOaTO-
MY ero nOBeCTBOBaHlie BbIrJIHp;IlT CXeMaTM'IHbIM II HeCKOJILiW,
TpacpapeTHbIM.
BosMomHo, no, 3TOM rrpll'IHEe HeKOTopbIe HCCJIep;OBaTeJIIi ']
C'Il1:TaIOT, 'ITO paCCI<a3 0 Roe BbID;YMaH caMIiM repoP;oToM. Ho i
C 3TIIM HIiKaK HeJIbSH COrJIaCllTbcH. }{OM rrpep;CTaBJIeH He Ka- ,
HHM-TO Oe3JIIIKIIM, MaJIOII3BeCTHbIM COBeT'IHKOM, a OP;HMM lIS
BOeHa'IaJIbHllKOB, CTpaTerOM MllTiWeHu;eB. 11 rra 3TOM OH lIe
llC'Ie3aeT lIS lIamero IIOJIH 3pemm. J];apliM nOCJIe saBepIIIe
mm IIoxop;a lIe SaObIJI 0 CBOeM ooem;amrH OTOJIarOJJ;apIITb
HOH sa CTOJIb MYD;PbIH COBeT II HaSHa'IIiJI ero TlipanOM, T. e.
rrpaBllTeJIeM ropop;a MllTMJIeHa (CJIOBO THpaH Torna erqe He
HMeJIO Toro SJIOBem;ero SlIa'IelIllH, IWTopoe rrpllCYUW eMy B
naCTOHm;.ee BpeMH). BOT 'ITO mUlleT 00 3TOM repOD;OT: «EnBa
nepeHp;H reJIJIeCrroHT, J];apliH TOT'laC me BCnOMHllJI 0 neJIH-
ROll YCJIyre, ORasaHHOH eMY rliCTIIeeM I:IS MllJIeTa II 0 COBe-
Te HOH liS 'MllTJIJIeHbI. OH BeJIeJI MM rrpliObITb B Capnbl 1:1
142
1
]

rrpep;JIOi-JUIJI no llX c06CTBeHnOMY BbI60py npOCHTb m06oH:
!I1HJIOCTIi. fIiCTHeR, KOTOpbIH 6bIJI yme THpaHOM MllJIeTa, He
1f'\:eJIaJI 60JIbIlle HIiKaKOH TlipamiH, HO rrpOCIiJI )J;aTJ> e!l1Y no
BJIap;em'Ie MeCTnOCTb MllpKllH B 3eMJIe 3)J;OHHn, r)J;e on XOTeJI
ocnOBaTb ropo)J;. TaK BOT, fllCTlieM BbIOpJI 3TY 3eMJIlb. ROll
1fe, Ko'ropbIM He 6b]JI TlipanOM, HO rrpOCTbIM rpam)J;aUHHOM,
TIOrrpOCllJI n;apH C)J;eJIaTb ero nrpanOM MIiTlIJIeHbI. [(apb y)J;OB-
JIeTBOpHJI 1feJIaHHe IIX 06011X, H OHH OTrrpaBIIJIIiCb B MeCTa
no CBoeMY BbIOOPY» (V, 11-12).
ROM ynoMIiHaeTCH ein;e )J;Bam)J;bI, yme B RaqeCTBe TlipaHat
MllTHJIeHbI. Hap;o CKa3aTb, 'ITO npaBJIeHlIe ropop;OM 3aHOlI'UI-
JIOCb P;JIH Hero nJI8'IeBHO. Bo BpeMH 1l0nlIHCKoro BOCCTaHHH
MllTllJlenn;bI 3aXBaTHJIli ROH, BbIBeJIIi ero 113 ropop;a II rr06IIJIH
I{aMnHMll (V, 38). BHP;HO, He 38CJIymHJI rrpaBIITeJIb m06BH
II yBa1feHllH rOpOi-KaH. ,lJ;JIH cpaBnemIH MOMmo CK83aTb, 'ITO
1fUITeJIIi ropO)J;8 H'IlMbI, HanpliMep, CBoero TlipaHa npOCTO OT-
nycTIiJIIi.
TaR Momno JIll B CBeTe Bcex 3TllX p;aRHbIX C'IHT3Tb ROll
BbIMbIIIIJIennbIM JIlln;OM?!
KaR MbI BH)J;HM, )J;apHR OTIm3aJICH OT CBoero nepBona-
qaJIbHOrO rrJIaHa II peIllllJI OrpaHH'IllTbCH TOJIbRO saBoeBaHII-
eM CKII.pllll II BepHYTbCH 06paTno K llCTpIi:lMCROR neperrpa-
Be. COBepilillTb 3TO OH paCC'IHTbIBaJI B 60 )J;HeR. 11 rpOMap;a
n61.lCllp;CKOro BOMCRa p;BllHYJIaCb na CKll.pOB.
PaccKa3aB 00 anll30p;e y rreperrpaBbI, fepo)J;oT rrepeXO)J;HT
R onlicaHIiIO CRll.pllll, C ROTOpbIM MbI yme rr03HaROMHJIliCb
panee. 3aTeM, YRa3aB pa3MepbI «CRll.pcKoro 'IeTbIpexyrOJIb-
HllRa}}, OH BHOBb B03BparrweTCH R BoeHHbIM C06bITIIHM.
}{al\ ii{e Be)J;YT ceoH CKll.pbI? OHll, KOHe'IHO, Y3HaJIII 0 rpo-
-:3.1!JI(eli 6e)J;e ern;e p;o Toro, RBR saB'OeBaTeJIIi cTyrrlIJIll na HX
3eMJIlO. H CTaJIIi rOTOBIITbCH R oTnopy Bpary. Ho CIiJIbI ObIJIIi
CJIIIIIIROM HepaBnbIMIi. IIepcbI npeBocXOD;IIJIH llX, BII)J;HMO,
B HeCROJIbKO pa3. 11 CKH.pbI OOpaTHJIIiCb 3a rrOMOrn;bIO R CBO-
MM cOce)J;IM. BOT 'ITO co06rraeT 00 3TOM fepOP;OT: «Crm.pbJ,
oT)J;aB ce6e OT'IeT B TOM, 'ITO OHII OP;Hll He B COCTOHHIIH OT-
pa311Tb BOMCRO )J;apliH B OTKpbITOM 0010, CTaJIlr rrOCbIJIaTb
rOHn;OB R coce)J;HM. 11 BOT HX u;apll, C06p3BIIIHOb BMeCTe,
Ha'IaJIII COBern;aTbCH, TaR RaR BOMCRO Ha)J;BllraJIOCb orpOMHoe.
C06paJIliCb me n;apll TaBpOB II ara.pllpCOB, II HeBpOB, II aHp;-
pO.parOB, II MeJIanXJIenOB, II reJIOHOB, II 6Y)J;HHOB, H caB pO-
MaTOB}} (IV, 102). TaR, na)J;BllraIOrn;aHcH 6e)J;a C06paJI3 rrpa-
BHTeJIeM npaRTll'IeCRH BceX cOHpe)J;eJIbHbIX rrJIeMeH H Hapo-
AOB.
IIepe'IHcmm c06paBIllllxcH n;apeM, fepop;oT RaK orrbITllbIM
,JIIiTepaTop YMeJIO rrepexop;IlT K orrHcanlilo na3:gaHHbIx rrJIe-
fJi3

Men, HX BpaBOB, 06bl'Ia6B, TeX1iIJIU -HHbIX oc06eHIfOCTell. ,3a-
TeM OH BlIOBb BOSBpalI\8.eTCH R COEemaHIUO qapell:
«lhaI<, rrOCJIbI CRII.pOE, rrpII6:bIJ3 R .c06paBIIIRMCH BMeCTe
IapHM aTliX TIepeqlICJIeHHbIX TIJIeMeH, rrepe]];9JIIi co061I\eHIIe 0
TOM, '11'0 IIepc, TI0CJIe 1'01'0 RaR Ha ]];PyroM MaTepliRe Ece
eMY TIOROpIIJIIICb, HaBe]];H MOCT B YSROM MeCTe EocTIopa, TIe-
perrpaBIIJICfl Ha 31'01' MaTepllR; a rrepeTIpaBIiBIllllCb II TIOn qlI -
HIIB .ppaRIIRqeB, OH HaBOp;IIT MOCT qepes peRY HCTP, meJIaH
II S]];eCb Bce rrOLrIIIHllTb ce6e.
- HIiROIiM 06pasOM He OCTaBallTeCb B CTopOHe II He ]];0-
IIYCTIITe, 'IT06LI Mbi IIOrII6JIII, HO B nOJIHOM CorJIaC1I1I BbIllp;eM
HaECTpe'!y HarranaIOlI\eMY. A He C]];eJIaeTe ELI aToro? ORasaE-
mlICb B cTecHeHHOM nOJIOmeHIIII, Mbi IIJIII nORIiHeM CTpaHY,
IIJIII, OCTaBaHCb, SaRJIlOqlIM COrJIameHIIe. 1160 '11'0 6yp;e'f C
HaMII, eCJIIi EbI He saXOTIiTe HaM nOMOqb! BaM me 01' aToro
6yp;eT HlI'IYTb He JIep.qe: Eep;b IIepc IIp;eT Ha Hac Hll'!YTb He
OOJIbIlle, ''!eM Ha Eac. A TI06ep;IIB Hac', OH He YP;OBOJIbC'fByeTcH
3TIIM II He OCTaEIiT Eac B rrORoe. IIpIIBe]];eM MbI II cepbeSHoe
]];ORaSaTeJIbCTBO STIIX CJIOB. Be]];b eCJIIi 6bI IIepc meJI EOllHOM
.TOllbRO Ha Hac, meJIaH OTOMCTIITb sa IIpemHee TIopa60m;eHlIe,
'}'O eMY CJIe]];OBaJIO 6bI ll]];TII npOTIiE Halliell CTpaHbI, OCTaBJIHH
13 nORoe Ecex OCTaJIbHbIX, II OH HCHO IIORaSaJI 6bI BceM, '11'0
HaIIa]];aeT Ha CKH.pOB, a He Ha ]];PyrlIx. Tenepb if5e, RaR TOJIb-
RO OH nepemeJI Ha STOT MaTepllI, OH nORopHeT Bcex, RTO
6bI HH nOnaJICH eMy Ha nYTH. OH ]];epmHT no]]; CBoeR BJIaCTbIO
II, OCTaJIbUbIX .ppaRIIRqeB, II B TOM 'IllCJIe 6JIn:maRIllIIX R HaM
reTOB» (IV, 118).
BOT C TaRIiM CTpacTHbIM H IIJIaMeHHbIM 'nplisbIBoM 06pa-
THJIHCb CRII.pbI R CBOIiM COCe]];HM. I1x npocboa 0 nOMOm;H, 
npe]J;JIomeHlIe CnJIOTIITbCH nepe]]; 06meR yrposoR H Co13Me- ,
CTHbIMll YCHJIIDIMII p;aTb oTnop HacTynaIOm;eMY saBOeBaTeJIIO,
BhI]];BHraeMbIe npll STOM aprYMeHTbI ]];OJImHbI 6bIJIH ]];ORTH ]];0
YMa II cep]];:u:a Ramp;oro, R ROMY OHII 06pam;eHbI. Ho cocep;H
BoCnpllHHJIll STOT rrpHSbIB no-paSHOMY. KaR me rrOBeJIH ce6H
OHI1' B 31'01' oTBeTcTBeHHeMmHR MOMeHT, ROr]];a pernaJIaCb
cy JJ.b6a He TOJIbRO CRII.pOB, HO fi! MHorliX .p;pyrlIx nplIqepHO-
MOpCHHX HapO]];OB?
no fepoAOTY, npOllSOmJIO CJIeJJ;yIOm;ee: «KorJJ;a CRII.pbI
_06'I>HBIiJIfi! 31'0, :u:ap:u:, rrpnObIBm:u:e 01' TIJIeMeH, CTaJIIi COBeTO-
BaTbCH, II MlIeHIIH IIX paSOrnJIHCb. reJIOH, BY]];IIH II CaBpo-
MaT, 6Y]];Y'l1I saoAHo, COrJIaCHJIHCb nOMO'!b cRII.paM; HO Ara-
,.pHpC, HeBp, AUAPo.par II qapH MeJIaUXJIeHOB II TaBpoB OT-
BCqamI cRII.paM cJIenYIOm;ee: "ECJIII 6bI BbI, He npIIqlIIUIB
nepcaM aJIa H He HaqaIJ BORHY nepBLIMII, npOCIIJIH 0 TOM,
,f) 'WM Tenepb qpocIITe; TO HaM '6bIJIO ObI HCHO, '11'0 BbI r0J30
144

pIne cnpaBep;mmo, H MM, IIOCJIYIIIaBllIHcb Bac, p;eHCTBOBaJUI
6bI 3aOnHO C BaMH. Ho BbI, BToprHYBIIIIICb B IIX CTpaHY 6e3
HaIIIero Y'IaCTHH, rocnonCTBOBaJIH Han nepcaMH CTOJIbKO Bpe-
MeHH, CKOJIbJ{o BaM II03BOJIHJIO 6omecTBo, H TaK KaK HX Te-
nepb IT06ymnaeT TO me caMoe oomeCTBO, OHM nJIaTHT BaM
'l'eM me. MbI me II Torna He nplI'IlIllIIJIII HIIKaKoro BJIa
!1TMM MymaM, 11 Tene'pb He oyneM nbITaTbCH nepBbIMH npH-
'IHHHTl, BJIO. ECJIH, OnHHKO, OH BToprHeTCH H B HaIIIY CTpaHY
H nOJIOmHT Ha'IaJIO HecnpaBeWIHBOCTH, Torna M MbI He non-
'IHHHMCH; a nOKa MbI Toro He YBHnHM, MbI OCTaHeMCH Y
ceOH nOMa. Benb MbI nYMaeM, 'ITO IIe'pCbI HnYT He Ha Hac,
a Ha Tex, KTO 6bIJIH BHHOBHHlmMH HecnpaBenJIMBOCTH"» (IV,
119).
CMTyaU;HH CKJIanbIBaJIaCb TparH'IeCKaH. Ara<j>HpcbI, HeBpbI,
aHnpo<parH, MeJIaHXJIeHbI H TaBpbI npenaJIH CKM<j>OB, 6pocaH
HX Ha npOH3BOJI cynbobI. llOHHTb MOTHBbI 3Toro npenaTeJIb-
CTBa neTpYnHO. OnHa H3 rJIaBHbIX npH'IHH - HemeJIaHHe
pHCK0BaTb coocTBeHHbIM cnOKOMCTBHeM H 6JIarOnOJIyqHeM.
Ha TOT MOMeHT OHH 'IYBCTBOBaJIH ceOH B OTHOCHTeJIbHOii
6e30naCHOCTH. H co6CTBeHHH'IeCKHe HHTepeCbI OnepmaJIliI
Bepx.,
MaJIo TOro, OTKa3aBIIIHe BnOMOIl.(H n;apH naiIe He ocym-
namr nepCOB H He BMneJIH B HX HaIIIeCTBHH Ha CKH<pOB HH-
'Iero HecnpaBenJIMBOrO, a, CKopee, Ha060pOT,- onpaBD;bInf!.JIH
saBOeBaTeJIeH. A CBOM npenaTeJIbCKIIM OTKa3 nOMO'Ib CIm:WaM
BaIl.(HTHTb CBOIO 3eMJIIO OT Bpara 06'bHCHHJIH TeM, 'ITO' ne
XOTHT (<nepBbIMH npH'IlIHIITb 3JIO». 06'bHCHeHHe KOII{YHCTBen-
Hoe, oco6eHHO e<;JIII yqecTb, 'ITO nJIH onpaBnaHHH npHBJIeKa-
IOTCH COObITMH CTOJIeTHeH naBI-IOCTH!
__: 'rrOneHHe ara<pHpCOB" HeBpOB, aHnpo<parOB, MeJIaHXJIe-
HOB II TaBpOB H COnepmaHIIe IIX OTBeTa HaTaJIKHBaIOT Ha
MbICJIb 0 TOM, 'ITO neJIO 3neCb He OOOIIIJIOCb 6e3 HanUJ:Ma
nepCOE. OTKyb:a cocenH CKH<pOB MOrJIM Y3HaTb, 'IeM ,IJ:apl'lM
06'bHCHHeT npH'II'IHbI CBoero nOXOAa? H OTKYna Y HHX 3apa-
Hee TaKaH yBepeHHOCTb B C06CTJ3BHHOn 6e30rraCHOCTH?
3neCb B03MomHO TaKoe OO'bHCI-IeHHe. ,IJ:apMH, no Bcen Be-
pmiTfIOCTH, nOCTapaJICH nOMeIIIaTb 06'benHHeHHIO eHJI CKmPOB
M MX coceneH II pa30CJIaJI n;apHM Bcex cocenHHX CO CKM4m-
en 'nJIeMeH BeCTHHKOB C pa3'bHCHeHHeM, 'ITO OH Hp;eT BonHoH
TOJIbKO Ha CKMq,OB II HIIKoro 60JIbIIIe 3aBoeBbIBaTb He C06H-
paeTcH.
II 3aBOeBaTeJIb n06HJICH paCROJIa cpenH cocenefi cKIIq,on.
BOJIbIIIHHCTBO H3 HHX OTIa3aJIOCb nOMO'Ib cKHq,aM. Ha no-
MOIl.(h npHnIJIH TOJIbRO reJIOHbI, oynlIHbIM caBpoMaTbI.
" ,Ho, HMeIOIl.(HxcH .CM. .,Bce -me. ObIJ1Q' Hep;OCTa'TO'IHO nJIH
-'1lJ.5

Toro" 'ITOObI fIeMep;JIeHI-IO ;:t;aTb OTlIOp rrepcaM, 11 cRIHlrbI
H30paJUr HHYIO TaRTHRY. )J;aJIbHellIUHM XO}J; COObITHM fepo-
P;OT rrpe}J;-CTaBJIJIeT TaR: «li'or}J;a CRHlpbI Y3HaJIH 0 TaROM OTBe-
Te, OI-IH peIJlHJIH HH B RoeM CJIY'Iae ne p;aBaTb OTRpbIToro
CpameIUIJI, rrOCROJIbRY 3TH COI03HHRH R HHM He rrpHcoeWUIH-
JIHCb, HO, rrOCTerreHHO OTXO)J;JI H yroHHJI CROT, 3aCblrraTb KO-
JIOP;IJ;bI H HCTO'IHHRH, MIiMO ROTOpbIX OHH OYP;YT rrpOXO)J;HTb,
HCTpeOJIHTb paCTHTeJIbHOCTb Ha 3eMJIe, pa3}J;eJIHBIJlHCb IIPH
3TOM Ha)J;Boe. 11 R OP;HOM H3 '!aCTeM CRHcpCRoro HaCeJIeHllH,
TOM, Ha)J; KOTOpOM IJ;apCTBOBaJI CRorraCHC, rrpHcoe)J;HHHTb caB-
pOMaTOB. 11M CJIep;OBaJIO, OTcTyrraH B}J;OJIb 03epa MeOTH)J;bI,
3aMaHHBaTb Bpara K peKe TaHanc, eCJIH IIepc rroBeprreT B
3TOM HarrpaBJIeHHH; eCJIH me IIepc oTcTyrrHT, rrpeCJIe}J;oBaTb,
narrap;aH. TaRoBa ObIJIa Y BlIX O)J;Ha 'IaCTb HaCeJIelnIJI :u:apCT-
Ba; eM ObIJI rrpe)J;rrIIcaH TOT rrYTb, 0 KOTOpOM RaI{ pa3 H rOBO-
pHJIOCb.
)J;Be }J;pyrHe '!aCTH HaCeJIeHHH IJ;apCTBa - BTopaH, 06JIb-
IlIaH, ROTOpOH yrrpaBJIJIJI 11)J;aHTHpc, H TpeTbH, Hap; KOTOpOM
:u:apCTBOB8JI TaRcaRHc, CJIHJIHCb Boep;HHO II R HHM rrpHcoep;H-
HHJIHCb reJIOHbI H OYP;HHbI. )J;epmacb Brrepep;H rrepCOB Ha pac-
CTOHHHII op;Horo P;HH rrYTH, OHH p;OJImHbI ObIJIH YBO)J;HTb HX,
OTXOP;H H )J;eJIaH TO, 'ITO ObIJIO peIUeHO. 11 rrpemp;e BCero OHM
)J;OJImHbI ObIJIM 3aMaHMTb IIX R 06JIaCTHM Tex rrJIeMeH, KOTopble
OTRa3aJIIICb OT COI03a C HIIMII, 'ITOObI BTHHYTb IIX B BOMIlY:
GCJIII OHII P;OOpOBOJIbHO He BCTYIIllJIH B ROMHY rrpOTIiB rrepCOB,
TO CJIe)J;OBaJIO BnmYTb HX B BOMHY rrpOTHB BOJIH. IIocJIe no-
l'O OHH p;OJImHbI ObIJIH rrOBepHYTb OOpaTfIO B CBOIO CTpaHY 
II HaIIaCTb Ha Bpara, eCJIM TaRoe peIJleHlle 6yp;eT rrpllHHTO Ha "j
COBem;aHHH» (IV, 120).
M30paHHaH cRHcpaMH TaRTllRa BbIiJU[{eHHOM 3eMJIH 'frpu: .i
CJIOiHHBIJleMCH paccTaHoBRe CHJI ObIJIa HaHOOJIee rrpaBHJIbI-IOM.
CJIHIUROM HepaBHbI 6bIJIH CHJIbI. IIpH TaKOM OOJIbIUOM 'IIIC-
JIeHHOM rrpeBOCKO)J;CTBe rrepCOB CRHcpbI He MOrJIH cpa3Y H{e
)J;aTb rJIaBHOe cpameHHe. 11 OHH peIJlllJIH 113MOTaTb Bpara,
OCJIaOllTb ero 60erOTOBHOCTb, rrop;opBaTb 60eBOM H MOpaJIb-
HbIM p;yx. A )J;JIH 3Toro HymHo 6bIJIO OTcTyrraTb H 3aMaHHBaTb
rrpoTHBHHRa B rJIYOb CTpaHbI, BcwrecKM OCJIOmHHH ero rrpe-
ObIBaHIie 3p;eCb.
OrrpaBp;aHHbIM ObIJIO H pemeHlle CKllcpOB )J;eMcTBoB8Tb
}J;BYMH caMOCTOHTeJIbHbIMH 'IaCTHMII BOMCI{a. )J;JIH p;OCTIIme-
HHH IIOCTaBJIeHHbIX 3ap;a'I RpoMe OCHOBHOM 'iaCTIi ,BoMcKa
ObIJIa He06xo)J;llMa em;e O}J;Ha 'WCTI, - oOJIee MOOllJII,HaH II
ManeBpeHHaH.
CRllcpbl Ha'iaJIH p;eMcTBoBaTI, COrJIaCHO H36paHfIOM TaRTH-
Re. repO.D;OT IIllllleT: {<IIpllHHB eTO pemeHlle, CKllcpI,I CTaJIII
146

rrpO,D;BMraTbCfI flaBCTpeqy I!OMCRY .D;aplm, DLICJIaD nepe)];OBbI;'
MM JIyqliIMX BCa)];HMROB. OCTaBMB JIMllib TO I\OJIll'IeCTBO CRO-
'ra, ROTopoe 6l,UlO ueo6XOJJ;MMO )];JIH rrpOIIJITaHMH Becl,
OCTaJIl,liOM CRO! OHM OTnpaBHJIII BMeCTe" C IIOB03RaMII,  ROTO-
pl,IX Y HIIX mIIJIll )];eTl1. II Bce i-IWHIIJ;IIHl,I, IIprma3aB Bce Bpe-
!\IH IIpO)];BUraThCH 110 HarrpaBJIeHIIIO R ceBepHoMy BeTpy»
(IV, 121).
11TaR, IIepeLJ;OBoM OTPH)]; Cm'I(pCROM ROHHIIIJ;bl, COCTOHBIIIlln
U3 JIY"lIIIllX BCa)];HUROB, B OCHOBHOM, BM)];llMO, ll3 MOJIO)];emll,
)];BHHyJICH HaBCTpeqy IIepcaM. I1x OrpOMTIOe BOMCRO yme
TIOJI3JIO IIIllpOROH HeCROHqaeMOH BOJIHOM 110 CRllcpCROH CTelIll.
Eme lie BH)];eJIH 6ecRpaHHHe CTelIHble IIpOCTOpl,I, 6YMHbIe
TlJaBLl, nOJIHOBO)];Hble peRH, ryCThle .n;y6paBl,I TaRoro HaIIIe-
CTBllH JIIO)];eH. Pa3MepeHHO IIIaraJIa, rJIOTaH TILIJIb, IIeXOTa,
He cnellia IIepe)];BlIraJIaCb ROHHHIJ;a, CRpHlIeJIIi TeJIerII, pmamI
JIOIIlaLJ;H, peBeJIH 6bIRli II OCJIbI, RpllqaJIH norOHIIJ;MRH. Y6era-
JIll C HaCllmeUHbIX MeCT 3BepH, YJIeTaJIll IITHIJ;bI. TpenomHOM
6LIJI8 CTelIb. BeJIHRaH 6e.n;a Ha.n;BlITaJIaCb.
RaR me npoJIeraJI MapIIIpYT nepcoB? 3aROflqHB IIepenpa-
BY, OHll .l';BImYJIIiCb IlIHpOROM IIOJIOCO:H Mem)];y COBpeMennl,IMll
npeCHbIMll 03epaMH JlJInyr M KarYJI. 3aTeM B paHOHe HbI-
nelflHero r. BOJIrpa)];a OHH nepeIIlJIIl peRy JlJInyr, ROTopaH
npll nlIaAeHHIl B )J:YHaH 06pa3yeT 9TO )];OBOJIbUO 60JIbIlIOe
03epo. 11 r.n;e-TO cenepHee BOJIrpaJJ;a, B Tpex JJ;IIHX nYTH OT
MeCTa IIepenpaBbI, IlX 06HapymHJI l1epeJJ;OBOH OTPH)]; CKUcpOB.
RaK }Ke nOBeJIH ce6H npOTHBHIllm?
fepOLJ;OT nHIIleT: d{orJJ;a }Ke nepe)];OBble ClmcpOB 06napy-
i-IMJIH nepCOB, OTLJ;eJIeHHbIX TpeMH JJ;HHMH nYTll OT MCTpa,
TO, ()9I1apymHB UX, CltHcpbI, )];epmaCb Bnepe)];ll Ha paCCTOH-
, iifiH O)];HOro p:HfI nYTH, cpasy me CT3JIH pacrrOJIaraTLCfI JIare-
pfIMH, YIIHqTOmaH Bce, '1TO paCTeT lIa 3eMJJe. A nepCbI, I\al\
TOJIbRO o6uapymlIJIll nOHBJIeHHe CI\lIcpCROH IWHHMIJ;bI, neMeJJ.-
JIeIUIO nOlliJIU no CJlep:aM HenpepbIBHO oTcTynanIlIlix cI\llcpon.
]A 3aTeM rrepCbI (BeJJ;b OHM YCTpeMHJIHCb B lIanpaBJIeHHII OJJ;-
Hon H3 '1aCTeH HaCeJIeHMH) na'1a.TIH I1peCJIeJJ;OBaHlle Ha BO-
CTOR H n HanpaBJIeUHH TaHaHca. ROrJJ:a i-I\e Cl\H<pl,I rrepenpa-
BllJIHCb '1epe3 peRY TaHaHC, nepcbI, nepenpaBHBIlIIiCb nCJIelJ:
3a HHMM, rrpoJJ;OJI}JaJIM npeCJIen;OBaHHe JJ;O 'rex nop, HOlm,
npOHJJ;H CTpaHY C8BpOMaTOB, OHH He JJ;OCTHrJIM CTpaHbI 6YlJ:II-
nOB» (IV, 122).
Co BTopon nOJIOBHUl,I 3Toro OTpbIBRa II HaqUHaIOTCH Mno-
J'O'1IICJIeHHl,Je uefICHOCTll B OfmcaHllll fepOJJ;OTOM p:aJIbUCH-
lliMX C06bITMH noxop:a. IJpe1:HP:e 'leM 3aOCTplITb Ha HIIX BIIH-
MaIII1e II nOlIbITaTI>CJI" p'a306paTJ,CH B 3TOM TeCHOM CnJIeTeUHH
IlencHocTcf"I, paCXOJ-KJJ;enun II npoTlmOpeQUH, ne06xo)J.HMO;
147

IWHe'IHO, B nepBYIO O'IepeJIJ> 03HaROMHTLCH C Ca-MIIM HC'roq: ! , _
HIIROM.
ITo repOp;OTY, rioCJIeAYIOMe BOeUULIe p;eMCTBIiH pa3Bll-
BaJIHCL TaR: «3a TO BpeMH, '11'0 nepCJ,! rnJIIi 'IepeB CTpaHY .
CRllOB M CTpaHY caBpOMaTOB, OHM ue HMemr B03MOlIUIOCTli 
'ITO-JIIl60 pa30pMTb, TaR RaR CTpaHa He ObIJIa 06mllTa; Rorna 1
me OHII BTOprJIIiCb B cTpauy 6YP;IlHOB,TO TaM, HaTOJIRnyB-
mliCb ua nepemIfmyIO RperrOCTb (6Y):(IlHLI ymJIH H RperrOCTb
6LIJIa COBepIIIeHUO rrYCTa), OUIi ee COmrJIIi. Cp;eJIaB 31'0, OHH
IIIJIIi Bce p;ajrbilie Buepep; no CJIe)J;aM P;O Tex nop, nOI\a, npOM-
nH 9TY CTpaHY, He rrpll6LIJHI B rryCTLIHIO. (ha nYCTLIHH He
'HaCeJIeHa UIiRaRIIMIi JIIOP;bMll, pacnOJIOmeHa OHa BLIIIIe CTpa-
HLI 6YP;IlHOB, a npOTHmemIOCTb ee ceMb nHeM UYTH.
BLIme STOM nycTLIHll mMBYT TliccareTbI, a HB HX 3eMJIH
6epYT Ha'IaJIO qeTLIpe 60JIbiliHe peRH, npOTeRalOrrHe 'IepeB
SeMJIIO MeOTOB; OUH Brrap;aIOT B osepo, HMeHyeMoe MeOTHp;OM,
HM p;aHLI CJIeP;YIOII.(lle IIMeHa: JIIIR, Oap, TaHallc, CHprHc.
Korp;a ):(apliM p;omeJI no nYCTLIHM, OH, npliOCTaUOBIiB ,1
rrpop;BHmeHHe, paCrrOJIOmliJI BOMCRO y peRM Oap. Cp;eJIaB 91'0,
,
OH Hl.\'laJI BOSBOnllTb BoceML 60JIbIIIIIX RperrOCTeM, OTCTOHII.(IlX I
onHa 01' npyroM na paBHOM paCCTOHUli1i rrpM6JIMSIITeJIbIIO :
OROJIO IIIeCTHJJ:eCHTH CTanMeB, llX paSBaJIIIHLI COXpaHHJIIiCb , J
eII.(e no Moero BpeMeUll'4
B TO BpeMH RaR OU OLIJI saHHT 3THM, rrpeCJIeP;yeMLIe IIM
,
CRllLI, CneJIaB Rpyr rro SeMJIHM, pl.\CrrOJIOmeHHLIM BLIIIIe, ,...
rronepnYJIIi Ha3ap; B CRHIlIO. TaR RaR CRII<pLI conepIIIeI-IHO
llC'leSJIIi M 60JIbIne He rrORaSLIBaJIIiCb rrepcaM, ):(apMM OCTa-
BHJI 3TH RperrOCTIi Hep;OCTpoeHHbIMH, a caM rrOBepHYB, rrOIIIeJI j
Ha Barran, rrOJIaraH, '11'0 91'0 Bce CRM<pLI II '11'0 OHM 6BrYT na 
3arrap;. "
BenH ROMCRO RaR MonUIO 6bICTpee, OH, RaH TOJIMW rrpM ",. ' j .
6bIJI B CKI(I<PIIIO, BCTpeTIiJI p;Be p;pyrlle 'laCTIi HaCeJIeHHH CIUI-
<pOB M, UaTOJIHuyBmllcb, CTaJI llX rrpeCJIenOBaTh; OHM me nep-
ma;JIHCb Brrepenll Hero Ha OP;IlH neHb rrYTll. TaH RaR ):(apMM >
lIeOTcTyrrHo MX rrpeCJIep;OBa.JI, CRM<pLI B COOTBeTCTBIiH C rrpM- I
nHTLIM peIIIeHHeM oTcTyrraJIIr B SeMJIIO Tex nJIeMeH, JWTOphIe " ' , : j
OTBeprJIIi COIOS C HHMll, rrpemne Bcero Ha SeMJIIO MeJIaHXJIe-
rrOB. Korp;a 1I\e CRH<pbI II rrepCbI, BToprHYBIIIIICb, rrplmeJIM HX
B CMHTenlle, CI\M<p LI na'laJIIi saMaUIiBaTb rrepCOB B OOJIaCTb J
3Hp;pO<parOB; Rorna iRe H 3TH 6bIJIli npllBep;eHLI II CMIITeufte, ' .
CIm<pbICTaJIIi sanJIeRaTL nepCOB B HeBpHp;y. A Iwrp;a' H Te
npllIIIJIH B CMHTeUMe, CRM<pbI, YCROJIb3HYB, nOiliJIH K ara- ' 1
qJHpcaM.:
, BIIAH, '11'0 cocep;H HSrHaIILI CRMaMH II npimep;enbI 13 CMJI-
'm'me, araojmpChI, cITp'''''''' 'eM C"'''PhI IT ITHM BWpmnCI>, J
:18

llOJ1;aB neCTHIIKa, 3arrperlIJIli CKII<paM rrepecTyrraT:b HX rpam'l-
U;bI, 3aHBJIHH, 'ITO eCJIH Te rrOrrbITaIOTCH BTOprHYTbCH, ,qHll
pel:Ip;e BCero 6YP;YT yrropHo Cpe,maTbCH C HHMII. IIpep;ynpe-
P;MB 06 3TOM, ara<pMpCbI BbICTyrrMJIIi R rpaHIIaM C uaMepeHII-
eM 3ap;epiKaTb Harrap;aIOIIJ;IIX. MeJIaHXJIeHbI me, 8Hp;poq,arli II
HeBpbI, rrOCJIe Toro RaR rrepCbI BTOprJIIiCb R HIIM BMeCTe, co
CKM<paMII, He BCTyrrlIJIIi B 60Pb6y II, n03a6bIB rrpo C,BOM yr-
p03bI, B CMHTeHlI1I 6el:IaJIM Bce Bp9MH R ceBepy, B I;IYCTbIHIO.
CKII<p bI He CTaJIM BTopraTbCH R araq,IIpCaM, ROTOpbIe IIM 31'0
3arrpeTIIJIII, II II3 CTpaHbI HeBplIp;bI CT8JIII 3aMaHliBaTb rrepCOB
B CBOIO CTpaHY>} (IV,123-125).
B CKM<pMII, rrpop;OJImaeT (<OTeu; IICTOPMM>), rrepCbI rrpop;OJI-
ma.)I1I rrpeCJIep;OBaTb CRIIq,OB. .D;aJIbI-IeMmlie C06bITMH MbI rro-
P;P06HO paCCMOTpliM 'IYTb Imme, a 3p;eCb MX MomHO II3JIO-
mlITb B TaROM CXeMaTII'IHOM BIIp;e:
1. .D;aplIM BCTyrrlIJI B rreperOBopbI C Mp;aHTlipcoM.
2. Clm<pbI nplICJIaJIII p;apbI rrepcaM.
3. 06a BOMCKa rrplirOTOBIIJIIiCb R cpameHIIIO, HO 6IITBa He
COCTOHJIaCb.
4. .D;aplIM, 6pOCliB 'IaCTb CBoero BOMCI\a, rrocrremHO 6emaJI
R MCTPy II rreperrpaBIiJICH BO <DpaRIIJD.
KaRlie me 3p;eCb ueHCHOCTH, pacxomp;eHIIH II npOTIIBO-
pe'IIIH?
Bo-rrepBblx, rrepCbI He MOrJIIi 3a CTOJIb IWpOTlmM CpOR B
60 C JIIIIIIHIIM p;ueM npoMTII TaRlie orpoMHbIe paccToH-
HIIH.
BoccTauoBIITb IIX MapmpYT p;BIImeHIIH C He06xop;MMOM
TO'IHOCTbJD, K COmaJIeHIIJD, neB03MomHO: ueT ROHKpeTHbIX
OpIIeIJ}'IIpOB. Ho npliMepHaH cxeMa MapmpYTa HCHa.
___E.- B. qepueuKo YCJIOBHO pa3p;eJIIiJI orrMcaHHbIM repop;oToM
rrYTb rrepCOB Ha p;eBHTb OTpeSROB: 1) 01' .D;YHaH p;o SeMeJIb
caBpOMaTOB C nepexop;OM sa .D;OH; 2) 01' SeMeJIb caBpoMaToB
p;o SeMeJIb 6YP;IIHOB; 3) 01' SeMeJIb 6YP;IIHOB rio p. Oap;
4) 01' p. Oap p;o seMeJIb MeJIaHXJIeHOB; 5) 01' SeMeJIb MeJIaH-
XJIeHOB p;o SeMeJIb aHP;po<paroB; 6) 01' SeMeJIb aHp;poq,aroB P;O
SeMeJIb HeBpOB; 7) 01' SeMeJIb HeBpOB R SeMJIHM ara<pllpcoB;
8) 01' 3eMeJIb araq,IIpCOB - B CKII<pIIIO; 9) 01' CI\llq,MII-
K MOCTY 'Ie pes .D;YHaM [121, c. 88-89].
81'01' MapIIIpYT E. B. qepnemw HaJIOiRIiJI Ha 'IeTbIpe pas-
JIll'IHbIe 3THoreorpa<pII'IeCKlie RapTbI CRIIq,lllI, COCTaBJIeHHbIe
B. H. rpaRoBbIM, M. M. ApTaMoHoBbIM, A. M. TepeHoiKKll-
HbIM M B. A. MJIblIHCKOM, B. A. PbI6aKoBbIM. IIOCIWJIbRY
3TM RapTbI OTJIII'IaJDTCH op;Ha 01' p;pyroM, TO..II rrpOTHiI\eH-
B:OCTb PYTE B Ramp;OM CJIY'Iae 6yp;eT HHOM. IIo RapTe
B. H. fpaKOBa nOJIy<IIIJIOCb 3800 RM, M, II.. ApT8MoHoBa -
149

3750 I{M, A. H. TepeHomKHHa II B. A. MJII.HHC}WH-
5750 RM B. A. PbIOaROBa - 4050 RM [121, c. 89].
3a yasaHHbIe repoP;oToM 60 C HeOOJIbIlIHM p;HeH aoco-
JIIOTHO HeBOSMOJ-RHO npoMTII onIIcaHHbIM HM MapIlIpYT p;ame
caMbIM RpaTRHM nYTeM B 3750 RM. AmI JToro Heo6xop;HMO
oOJIee 100 p;HeM TOJIbRO HenpepbIBHoro xop;a co CROpOCTbIO
36 RM B p;eHb (200 cTaP;HeB). Ho ;D;BIITaTbCH HenpepbIBHo
BOMCRO, paSYMeeTCH, He MOrJIO. M JIIOP;HM, II JIOIlIap;HM, ObI-
RaM, OCJIaM HymeH ObIJI OTp;bIX. OOOS, CHapHmeHHe npeMH OT
BpeMeHH TpeOOBaJIH peMOHTa. I109TOMY 'Iepe3 RaJ-Rp;bIe 3-
4 nepexop;a nepcbI ObIJIH BbIHymp;eHbI OCTaHaBJIIIBaTI.CH Ha
p;HeBIDI. Ha BTO YIlIJIO RaR MHHHMYM 25-30 p;HeH. KpoMe
Toro, HeMaJIO BpeMeHH rroTpe60BaJIH BoeHHbIe ;D;eMCTBH5I H
CBHSaHHbIe C HHMH C06bITHH, a TaR'Re p;pyrHe MepOnpHHTFm.
I10JIY'IaeTCH, 'ITO YRasaHHbIM nyn, B 3750 RM CTOJIb orpOM-
Hoe BOI1:cRO )J;apHH MOrJIO npoMTH, coxpaRHH 60ecnoc06HOCTb,
He MeHee 'IeM sa 4 MeCH:u;a. repop;oT me yRasbIBaeT JIHillb
2 MeCH:u;a C I-Ie60JIbIIIHM. ::ho - Bo-nepBbIX.
BO-BTOPbIX, B rrpoTIIBoBec onHcaHHIO repop;OTa HMeIOTCH
CBep;emm p;pyrHx aHTH'IHbIX aBTopoB, COrJIaCHO EOTOpbIM no-
xop; )J;apHH B CRHcpHIO He 6bIJI TaRFIM npop;OJDRIITeJIbHbIM.
CTpaOOH, HanpHMep, onHCbIBaH CeBepo-3anaAHoe I1pH-
'lepHOMOpbe, COOOm;aeT: <{Me}I{p;y reTaMH H I10HTJiIMCEHM MO-
peM OT MCTpa no HanpaBJIeHHIO R TITpe JIemHT feTcRaH ny-
CTbIHH, pOBHoe JiI 6eSBop;Hoe npocTpaHcTBo, rp;e ,IJ:apJiIM, CbIH
fJiICTaCna, B TO BpeMH, RaR rrepeilleJI sa HCTp P;JIH nOXO)Ia
Ha CRJiIcpOB, ObIJI SaXBa'IeH B JIOBYiliRy JiI pJiICROBaJI nOrJiI6rryTb
CO BeeM CBOJiIM BOMCEOM OT mamp;bI; HO OH noHHJI onacHocTb,
XOTH H nOS,D;HO, H nOBeprryJI HaSap;)} (VII, 3, 14). '."
A KTeCJiIM KHJiI,D;CRHM paCCRaShIBaeT: «CoopaB 800 000
BOMcRa II nOCTpOIIB MOCTbI Ha Bocnope H VIcTpe, ,IJ:apFIM rre-
perrpaBHJICH B CRHcpIIIO, rrpOM,D;H Ha 15 ,D;HeM rrYTH. OHH rro-
CJIaJIH ,D;pyr p;pyry JIYI{JiI; CI{HCPCI{HM JIYK ORaSaJICH Rpentie.
I103TOMY )J;apHM 06paTHJICH B 6ercTBo, nepeilleJI 'lepe3 MO-
CTbI II rrocrreillHO pa3pYIlIJiIJI HX npem,D;e, 'IeM neperrpaBHJIOCb
Bce BOMCRO. OCTaBJIeHHbIe B EBpone 80 000 OI.IJIH rrepeolITbI
CI{HcpapOOM)} ( 16).
8TH cooom;eHHH, EaR MI.I BH,D;HM, cym;ecTBeHHO OTJIH'IaIOT-
CH OT onJiIcamm fepOAOTa.
TaROBI.I JJ:Ba HaH60JIee 3Ha'IJiITeJII.HbIX npOTlIBOpe'IHH B
Bonpoce 0 nOXOp;€ )J;ap11H B CKITcpHIO: H€B03MomHOCTb npOM-
TH OI1IICaHHbIM fepOJJ:OTOM UYTb sa YRa3aHHbIM CpOR JiI pac-
xom.n:emm MemJJ:Y JJ:aHHbIMH fepOJJ:OTa, .-C OMoH CTOpOHbI,
IT CTpa6oHB. 11 KTecHH KHJiIJJ:CRoro - C JJ:pyroM. RpoMe 3TITX
npOTJiIBOpe'IIIM, HMeIOTcH em;e IT JJ:pyrHe, oOJIe€ MemUIe,
150

8 T8Rme HeM8JJO :HHbIX HeflCHOC'Tell H paCXmRp;eI'IHH. K He-
IWTOpbIM H3 HHX MbI e.r.ge BepHeMCfl.
II09TOMY MHeH:Hfl HCCJJep;OB8TeJJeM OTHOCIlTeJJbHO M8pm-
PYT8 nepCIlp;CIWro BOHCRa pa3p;emmHCb H8 p;Be OCHOBHbIe TO'I-
In'! 3peHHR. OP;HH H3 HIlX CqHT8IOT onHcaHHbIM fepop;OTOM
MapmpYT B OCHOBHOM p;OCTOBepHbIM. ,J:(PyrIle nOJJar8IOT, 'ITO
nepCbI npop;BIlHYJIIiCI, B rJIy6I. CR:H<p HH COBceM He3Ha'IIl'.I:eJII.-
lIO. KpOM€J Toro, BI.ICR83bIB8JIIlCI. H HHbIe MHeHIlfl.
HeCROJII.RO OC06HflROM CTOHT MHeHHe ,J:(. C. P8eBCRoro,
C'IHT8IO.r.gero, 'ITO 9nHQeCROe onHcaHHe repop;OTa nOCTpoeHO
no 3apaHee sap;aHHOH MOp;eJI:H: «PaCCMaTpHBaR C 9TOM TO'IRH
3peHHH HHTepecy.r.gee Hac CRH<pCRoe npep;aHHe 0 BOMHe C
;JJ.apHeM, MbI BHP;HM, QTO OHO MomeT ObITb HHTepnpe'fHpOBa-
HO RaR xpaHfl.r.gee tIH<popMaqHlo caMoro p8SJIH'IHOrO xap8I{-
Tepa: 91'0 H 9THorpa<pHQeCRaH RapTa CRH<p:HH tI COCe)];HHX C
Hell SeMeJII.; H p;aHHbIe 0 Tpap;HqHoHHbIX B3aHMOOTHOmeH:HflX
C COCBP;H:HM:H Hapo,o;aM:H;:H np:HHflTbIe HOpMI,I coq:HaJJbI-IOrO
IlOBe)J;eH:Hfl, opraHH3aJVI:H BOMCRa, Bep;eHHH BOMHI.I; :H npep;-
CTaBJJeHHfl 0 P;OCTOHHOM u;ape-BOeHa'IaJIbH:HRe, I'I npoaHaJrn-
SHpOBaHHI.le BI.IlIIe CHMBOJI:H'IeCRHe ROP;I.I, np:Hcy.r.gI'le CR:H<p-
CROll RYJII.Type. 3TO 9nHQeCRoe nOBeCTBOBaHHe - XpaHHJIH-
.r.ge He CTOJII.RO I'ICTOpHQeCROM n8MflTH 0 ROHRpeTHOM
C06bITHH B ero HenOBTopHMOM cBoe06paSHH, CROJIbRO naMflT1i'I
COIJ;HORYJIhTypHOH, OOeCneQHBaIO.r.geM 6y,o;y.r.gHM nOROJIeHHflM
B03MOJHHOCTh ap;eRBaTHoro npI'lHflTI.IM HopMaM nOBep;eHHfl B
onpep;eJIeHHbIX TI'InOBbIX cI'ITyaIJ;IDIX. PaCCRa3 06 9TOM C06bI-
nrn - no CYTH, JII'ImI. n060a P;JIH nepe)J;a'IH TaROll I'IH<pOpM8-
U;HH, Ii sp;ecI. p;onYCTHMO .n:OCT8TO'IHO BOJII.HOe o6pa.r.geHMe C
peaJIhHO.QTbIO, ee nOWIHHeHHe npI'lHflTbIM MOp;eJ1flM. COOT-
-- +to/-tcTBeHHO peRoHcTpym:(HH Ha ero OCHOBe peaJIbHOrO xop;a
BoeHHhlX p;ellcTBu - san;aqa npaRTH'IeCIDI Heocy.r.geCTBHMafl;
:HCTOp:H'JeCRH p;OCTOBepHbIMH sp;ecI, MorYT ORasaTbCfl JUamI,
J\8IIHI,Ie caMoro o6m;ero nopflp;Ra» [87, c. 70-71 J.
Ho C TaROM oqeHRoll CRI'I<pcRoro paCCRasa fepoP;oTa co-
rJIaCI'ITI.CH HI'IR8R HeJIb3fl. repoP;oT - ROHRpeTJ-II.Ill aBTOp H,
I{8R npaBMJIO, cTporo rrpI'lp;eplI'\:HBaeTCfl I'IMeIOIU;MXCfl cpaI\TOB
11 p;pyroll nOJIyqeHHoM i'IHcpopMaIJ;I1H, ROTOPYIO rrepeJ(aeT,
i:(ame eCJHI He BnOJIHe Bep:HT BO Bce I'I3JI8raeMoe. B aToll CBfl-
SH neCbMa nORaSaTeJIbHO, RaR (<OTeu; HCTOpI1Iif» C<POPMYJIHPO-
BaJI rrOCTaBJIeHHyro nepep; C060H sap;a'JY. B'IMTaeMCH ell:(e pas
B anT CTpORH, ROTOpI,IMH 8HTHQHbIll awrop na'II1HaeT CBOil:
TPYP;: « fepoP;OT HS rammapHaca c06paJI II sanHCaJI 3TH CBe-
p;eUHfl, 'ITo6b! npomep;IIIHe C06bITI'IH C TeqelIHeM BpeMelIH lIe
npIHUJII1 B '3a6BeUHe M BeJIHRI'Ie H yP;HBJIeJlHH P;OCTOMlIb!C
JJ.eHHI'Ifl IWI{ 9JIJIHHOB, TaR :M BapBapOB He OCTaJII'ICb B 6e3-
151

BecnroCJ'I1, B OC06,e.I-IHOCTI1 me TO, nO'leMY OHM Be.JIH 'BOHHl.J
;;WYf C p;pyrOM» (1). -MomHQ JIM nO&JIe ;:noro fOBOpMTb, 'lTO
«3;A6,CI>.--t{onyCTMMO lJ;OCT-aTO'lHO BOJIl.HOe 06paIIJ;8HMe C peaJll.-
I-IOCTbIO, ee nO]];'lI1HeHI1e npJiIHHT.bIM MOp;eJIHM»? .L(YMaeTCfl,
HeJIl.3H.
HeROTopue cBep;eHMH fepO]];OTa OTHOCMTeJIbHO MaprrrpYT8
.L(apMH B CImqrI1ID p;eMCTBI1TeJIl.HO O'leHh 3anYTaHu M He CO-
rJIacyIOTcH C COBpeMeHHOM reorpaWI1'leCHOM RapTOM. Hono
06'bHCHHeTcH, RaR H nocTapaIOcb noRa3aTl. HMme, p;pyrMMH
npI1'lJiIHaMI1. Ho nepe]]; 9TI1M n03HaHOMI1MCH BRpaTIJ;e C mmo-
TOpbIMI1 ROJIHpeTHbIMH ou;eHRaMI1 :;noro M8prrrpYTa.
M. M. ApTaMoHoB, I-IanpI1Mep, npI1rrreJI R TaRO MY 3aRJIID-
'leHHIO: «OnMCl.IBaH nYTb AapI1H, fepO]];OT M3JIaraeT I1MeB-
rrrMeCH B ero BpeMH CBe]];eHI1H 0 BOCTU'lHOM EBpone I1 ee n8-
CeJIeHMM, B 'leM II 38RJIIO'laeTCH orpOMHaH u;eHHOCTl. 9TOM
'laCTM ero CO'lJ:lHeI-mfl. Op;HaRO MaprrrpYT AapMH, RaR OH M30-
6palI{eH B JIereH]];e, COBeprrreHHO HeBepOHTeH. BOMCRO .L(apHfI
B Ha3Ha'leHHbIM CpOH He MOrJIO npoiiTM HaceBepo-BocTOR Jlo
BOJIrH, a 3aTeM, nOBepHyB Ha 3ana]];, BAOJIb BceM JIeCOCTen-
HOM nOJIOC.bI, ]];OMTH P;O 3ana]];HOM YRpaMH.bI II TOJIl.RO nOCJIe
::noro ]];06paTbCH ]];0 nOCTpoeHHoro no npM:Ra3Y .L(apllH MOCTa
'Iepe3 ,D;YI-IaM. Ha caMOM ]];e;rre, RaR CBM]];eTeJIl.CTByeT CTpa-
60H, AapMM, nepeM]];fl AYHaM M yrJIy6MBrrrMcl. B By]];m8I,-
CRYIO CTenb, nO]];BeprCH onaCHocTM norM6nYTb co CBOllM
BOMCROM 01' mamp;.bJ M, He ]];OM]];fl ]];ame ]];0 OJIhBMH - rpe'le-
CROM ROJIOHMM B YCTl.e IOnmoro Byra, nOCnerrrMJI BepHYThcfl
06paTHO» [7, c. 77].
.L(MaMeTpaJIbHO npOTMBOnOJIOnma TO'IRa 3peHllH B. A. PhI-
6aRoBa: «CTpa60H, nMcaBrrrI1M 506 JIeT cnYCTfl nocne [IOXo]];a
.L(apHH, He MomeT, pa3YMeeTCH, C'lMTaTbCH Ha]];emHhIM MCT-ol
HMROM. OH, O'leBM]];HO, 'lMTaJI y repO]];OTa 0 6MTBe .L(apMH CO
CRJiIwaMM B Tpex ]];HflX nYTM 01' MCTpa (1'. e, Mem]];y MCT-
pOM M TMpaCOM) M 0 TOM, 'lTO nOCJIe ]];ByxMeCfl'lHOrO noxo-
]];a, y6eraH 01' ClmWOB, .L(apMM rrreJI R MCTPy no 3eMJIe, rp;e
CRMWbI 3apaHee SaCl.IIIaJIM BCe MCTO'lHMRM (repO]];OT, IV,
 122, 140), HO 9TMM M OrpaHM'lMJI Becl. nOXO]];. IIpMHMMaTb
B paC'leT He6pe'RHoe npllTIOMMHaHMe CTpa60Ha He CJIe]J;yeT,
a TeM 60JIee He CJIe]];yeT Ha OCHoBe ero CJIOB OTpMI(aTb no-
XO]]; nepCOE B rJIy6b CI{M<PMM» [95, c. 171}.
.L(aJIee B. A. PbI6aHoB npOaHaJIM3MpOBaJI onMcaHHbIM fe-
PO]];OTOM MaprrrpYT M IIOJJ;bITOnUIJI: «RaR BMAHM, aHaJIM3 reo-
rpaWI1M IIOXO]];a 512 r. nop;TBep]];MJI IJ;eJIl.IM PH]]; nOJIOmeHJiIM,
BbICHa3aHHbIX panee. RpoMe Toro, CJIeJJ;yeT CRasaTb, 'lTO 91'01'
al-IaJIl'm BbIHBMJI M, CMeIO JJ;YMaTb, 060CHOBaJI ]];OCTOBepHocTb
Bcex OCHOBHbIX sanMceM fepOJJ;OTa: ' CpOR IIOXO]];a, nOCTpoM-
152

I{a OOOpOJJIfTeJIbHOrO paihma,. 06'1>eM TeaTpa BoeHHbIX }J;eHCT..
DRib) [95, c. 183]. ' ,
HaI\ MbI BH}J;UM, O,/J;HH y<IeHbIH nOJIHOCTbIO OTBepraeT CBe-
p:eHHH repop;oTa H p;OBepHeT CTpa6oHY, H ,/J;pyrolI - Hao6o-
pOT, C'IIfTaeT CTpa60Ha HeHap;e'HHbIM IIeTO'IHIfI\OM II He CO-
MHeBaeTCH B )1;OCTOBepHOCTIf ,/J;aHHbIX repO)1;OTa.
11 HYIO, MOlliHO CI\aSaTb, cpe,/J;HIUryro n03HIJ;HIO 3aHHJI
B. H.> fpaI\OB. OH He CTaJI 06BIIHHTb O)1;I-IOrO aHTIf'IHOro, aB-
Topa H 3am;Hm;aTb ,/J;Pyroro, a nOnbITaJICH COrJIaCOBaTb HX
CBe,/J;eHHH H YCTpaHHTb HMerom;HecH npOTHDOpe'IHH: (<8TOT
paCCI\as IIso6HJIyeT paSJIH'IHbIMH nO,/J;p06HOCTHMH, C I\OTO-
pbIMH n03HaI\OMIITbCH OTOIllJIeM qHTaTeJIH I\ nepeBO,/J;y fepo-
,/J;OTa. MeHee 'IeM sa CTO JIeT, npOIlle,/J;llIHX OT BTOpn-l:enHH Aa-
pIIfl ,/J;O repO)1;OTa, C06bITHH 06POCJIH MHOllieCTBOM ,/J;eTaJIen H
ycneJIH HCI\a3HTbCfl. HaI\ )1;aJIeI\o 3allIJIH nepcbI I-I a caMOM
p:eJIe, Heflcno. Ho B paCCI\a3aX MHoro lliHBbIX nO,/J;po6HocTeM
II BeCb 6bITOBOM <POll C06JIIO)1;eH TOqI-lO. 3,/J;ecb nepe,/J; HaMII
OTpbIBOI\ 3apmI\,/J;eHHfl O)1;HOM IIS rJIaB CI\H<pCI\oro ,moca, ne-
pe,/J;aHnoro Qepe3 YCTa rpeI\OB II YCHam;eHHoro HMH nOBbIMH
nO)1;p06HOCTflMII. B I\OHIJ;e I\OHIJ;OB AapHH BepHYJICfl B TaI\ Ha-
SbIBaeMYIO reTCHYIO nYCTbIHIO Men-l:,/J;Y IIpYToM II AHecTpoM,
r,/J;e nonaJI B JIOBynmy, 'IY'fb He norH6 C BOMCI\OM OT 'ffl-
llieJIbIX I\JIHMa'fHqeCI\IIX YCJIOBHM H BbIHylli)1;en 6bJJI O'fCTY-
nHTb. TaI\ nepe,/J;aeT CTpa60H. Ha "JTY I\paTI\Ylo OCHODY BCHO-
pe nOCJIe noxo,/J;a HaCJIOHJIIICb nO)1;po6HOC'fH, H pa3Max B'fOp-
J1{eHHfl 6bIJI YBeJIHqen napo,/J;HoH <paH'fa3HeM, OXOTHO IIPII-
IIIIcaBilleH pasBamUIbJ HaI\IIX-'fO CTeH 6JIH3 TaHaIIca AapHIO,
Hal-\: IIO)1;MOCHOBHbH) HpeC'fbflHe HasbIBaroT em;e IUIOM pas
H Teneph 'fbICHqeJIeTHHe RypraHbI BH'fHqeM ,,<ppaHIJ;ySCI\IiIMH
,M9-fllJmaMII" B IIaMflTl> noxo,/J;a HanOJIeOHa, a I\aSHXII I-I:YP-
raUbI 6poHsoBoro Ii( meJIeSHOrO BeI\a "I{aJIMbIH 06a", T. e.
RaJIMbIIJ;l\HMH» [22, c. 29].
B HoHeqHOM C'IeTe B. H. fpaRoB nOJIaraeT, 'ITO nepCbI
npo)1;BIIIIYJIMC:b B CHH<pIIIO Ha )1;OBOJIbHO SHa'IHTeJIbHOe pac-
CTOflHHe, XOTfl H He TaR )1;aJIeI\O, RaH nepe,/J;aeT fepo,/J;o'f.
MbI OSHaHOMHJIHCl> JIHllIb C HaH60JIee xapaRTeplIbIMII
MneHHflMH HCCJIe,/J;oBa'feJIeM. Ralli,/J;aH H3 9THX 'fO'IeI\ spemm:
HMeeT CBOHX MHorO'IHCJIeHHbIX C'fOpOHHHROB H npoTHBHHIWB,
l\O'l'OpbIe npHBo,/J;H'f npH 9TOM caMbIe paSJIHqHbIe apryMeHTbI.
Becb 9'fOT I{aJIeM,/J;ocRon )1;oRa3aTJIbC'fB COCTOHT IIS Bcen03-
MOiI\HbIX «3a» H «npoTHB», Sa'IaCTYIO npOTJiIBOpe'IHBbIX, sa-
rrYTanHbIx, MaJIoy6e,/J;HTeJIhHbIX, He06ocHoBaHHbIX IIJIH npOCTO
HCRyccTBeHHbIx. Ho BblCHasaHHbIe yqeHbIMII BbIBO,/J;bI He u 06'1>-
HCIDIIQT Bcex npOTIiBOpe'IHH, HeflcHocTeit II pacxolli,/J;eHIIII I\aR
13 CBe)1;eHHflX fepo,/J;oTa, TaH II Mem)1;Y HIIMH II ]J;3.HHbIMH ,/J;PY-
153

rHX p;peBIII1X aBTopOB. He crracaIDT nOJIO)IWHHH H pa3JIH'lHhIe
rrpep;rrOJIOmemIH H p;orrYIJ.:(eHHH, R IWTOpbIM rrpH6e1'aIDT HC-
CJIe,n:oBaTeJIH. 8TH 1'HrrOTeBbI 60JIbIIJell 'IaCTbID HCRyccTBeH-
HbI H H3HR'IaJIbHO Tpe6YIDT rrpep;nOJIOmeHHH, 'ITO B HCTO'lHH-
Rax HMeeTCH oIIJH60'IHaH MHcPopMaU;HH.
RaR me TYT 6bITb? 06paTHMCH R cBep;eHHHM fepop;OT3
p;eTaJIbHee. 3p;ecb 6pocaIDTCH B 1'JIa3a CJIep;yIDIJ.:(Iife JIID60nbIT-
HbIe 06CTOHTeJIbCTBa.
Bo-rrepBbIX, OTCYTCTByIDT RaRHe-JIH60 C006IJ.:(eHHH 0 nepe-
rrpaBax 'Iepe3 TaRHe RPYTIHbIe peRH, HaR THpac, fHrraHHc 11
BopHccPeH. fepop;OT «rrepeHocHT» rrepcoB OT MCTpa cpa3Y R
TaHaHcy.
BO-BTOPbIX, a6COJIIOTHO HeJI01'H'IHO rrOBeJJ:eHHe CRHcPCIH1X
cocep;ell. AracPHpcbI, HeBpbI, aHp;pocPa1'H, MeJIaHXJIeHbI H T3B-
pb, 3eMJIH ROTOpbIX 6bIJIIif JIerRO p;ocHraeMbI P;JIH rrepeIIJep;-
IIIIifX MCTp nepcoB, OTRa3aJIHCb 06'bep;HHHTbCH rrpoTHB pea.l/,b-
Hoil orr3CHOCTH. A reJIOHhI, 6YP;HHhI H caBpoMaTbI, BJIaJJ:eHHH
ROTOpbIX JIemaJIH p;aJIeRO OT MCTpa, 'OXOTHO BCTYIIHJIH B COI03
co cRHcPaMH, XOTH Y1'p03a C ,noll CTOpOHbI 6.bIJI3 P;JIH HHX
ropa3p;o MeHbIIIeH.
B-TpeTbHX, pa3pa6OTaHHbIll mIaH, no ROTOPOMY BOllCRY
ClwrracHca C caBpoMaTaMH «CJIeJJ:OBaJIO, oTcTynaH BP;OJIb 03e-
pa MeoTHp;bI, 3aMaHHBaTb Bpara R peRe TaI-IaHC, eCJIH IIepc
nOBepHeT B 9TOM HanpaBJIeHHH; eCJIH me ITepc oTcTyrrHT,
npeCJIep;OBaTb, nanap;aH» (IV, 120), npep;rrOJIa1'aeT, 'ITO npo-
TI1BHHH p;OJImeH Haxop;HTbCH B6JIH3H MeOTHp;bI. IIJIalmpOBaTb
TaRHe ,n:ellcTBHH rro OTHOIIJeHHIO R Bpary, ROTOphIll HaXO)J;HT-
CH y JJ:aJI8IWrO HCTpa,- no MeHbIIJen Mepe Hecepbe3I-IO.
B-'IeTBepTbIx, Co06IJ.:(eHHe 0 TOM, 'ITO p;BHHynLTJHeCH OT
HCTpa nepCbl (<Ha'laJIH rrpeCJIep;OBaHHe H3 BOCTOR H 6 -lUl-
npa6.1/,eHUU TaHaUca» (IV, 122; RypCHB Mon.- M. A.) JIH-
meno BCHEoro OpHeHTJiIpOBO'IHOrO CMhICJIa. Ep;HHCTBeHIIbIM
peaJIbHhIM opHeHTMpOM B 9TOM palloHe MomeT 6hITb TOJIbRO
peI\:a THpac. IIo9ToMY HeROTOpbIe HCCJIep;OBaTeJIH npep;JIa1'a-
JIH J,3MeCTO «Tana:u:c» 'IHTaTb «THpaC». Ho P;JIH 9T01'O Y Hac
HeT HHRaRIifX 06'beRTHBHbIX OCHOBaHHll. BeP;b TaRJiIM 06pa-
BOM MOJImO npep;JIOmHTb JIIo6oe HCnpaBJIeHHe TeRCTa. AeJIo
BJJ:eCb, BHP;HMO, B p;pyrOM.
. B-rrHTbIx, BcecTopOI'IHHll aHaJIJiI3 OTIHCaHHH BoeHHbIX p;en-
CTBIIll nORa3bIBaeT, 'ITO CTpaTerHH H TaRTHRa CRH<pOB B npIif-
TaHaHCCRHX paJIOHaX 06'bHCHJiIMhI H rrOHHTHbI .JIHmb B TOM
CJIY'Iae, Iwrp;a 3aBOeB3TeJIIif rrpIifIIIJIH He C 3arrap;a, OT HCT-
pa, 3 C BOCToRa, co CTOpOHbI KaBRa3a.
8TH H p;pyrHe 06CTOHTeJIbCTBa HaTaJIEIifBaIOT H3 MbICJIb 0
TOM, 'ITO fepoP;OT CJIlm Boe)J,HHO cBe)J,eHHH 0 )J,BYX pa3HbIX-
1M

nOXO]];ax nepCOB rrpOTHB CHHiPOB. O]];lIH noXO)]; 6:bIJI COBepmeII
JIO]]; HOMaH]];OBaI-IHeM )J;apHH 'lepes CDpaRHIO H MCTp. A JJ:PY-
roe BTopmeI'IHe, MeHee HSBeCTHoe, rrepCbI rrpe]];rrpHHHJIH co
CTOpOHI,I RaBRasa; C HHM H CBHsaHI,I OCHOBHI,le rrpHTaHaHC-
CHHe COOI,ITHH.
ECJIH COrJIaCHTI,CH C 9THM rrpe)];rrOJIOmemreM, TO CTano-
BHTCH rrOHHTHI,IMH TOJII,RO 'ITO H3JIOmeHHbIe OOCTOHTeJILCTBa
rro BceM rrHTH rryHRTaM, a TaRme MHorHe JJ:pyrHe MOMenTlJ.
Bce 3TO YCTpaHHeT n;eJII,III PH]]; cepI,e3HbIX npOTHBopetm:M
B Borrpoce 0 noxoJJ:e )J;apHH Ha CRHiPOB, rJIaBHLle 113 IWTO-
pbIX: 1) HeB03MomHOCTI, rrpoMTH orrHcaHHbIM repoJJ:oToM UYTb
nepeOB sa YHa3aHHble 60 C JIHmHHM )];HeM; 2) paCX01R]];eUHH
OTHOCHTeJIbHO rrpoTHmeHHocTH noxoJJ:a MemJJ:Y ]];aHIIbIMH repo-
p;oTa, C OJJ:HOM CTOpOHbI, H CTpaOOHa :II R'TecIDI R'HH)J;CRoro-
C P;PyrOM.
IIpep;noJIomeHHe 0 ]];BYX paSHblx noxo]];ax ObIJIO BbIp;mmy-
TO oOJIee 60 JIeT Ha3a]]; CD. Xap;coHoM H COBceM Hep;aBI-IO nop;-
p;epmaHO 11. B. R'YHJIHHOM [53, c. 139-142].
8Ta rHrrOTe3a, pa3YMeeTCH, TpeoyeT p;aJII,Hemrrero H3Y'Ie-
UHH. Ho yme cerop;HH OHa npep;CTaBJIHeTCH p;OCTaTO'IIIO
yoep;HTeJIbI-IOM.
R'aH me TenepI, MomHO npep;CTaBHTI, MapmpYT )J;apHH?
AYMaIO, BamHI,IM opHeHTHpOM 3p;ecI, p;OJImHO OI,ITI, COOOUW-
HMe R'TecHH R'HHp;cRoro 0 TOM, 'lTO «AapHM: rreperrpaBHJICH
B CRHiPHID, rrpON)];H Ha 15 p;HeM rrYTH». CJIep;yeT rro)];'IepH-
UYTI" 'ITO « 15 p;HeM rrYTH» - no paCCToHHHe, ROTopoe rrpo-
limH IIepcbI B myoI, CI{HiPliH. BpeMeHH me na 9TOT rrYTI.
ymJIO rOpa3]];O OOJII,me, 'leM 15 p;HeM. Bep;I, BOMCJW, RaI{ y}[{e
rOBopH.lIOC:b, rrepHO]];H'IeCRH Hy}[{]];aJIOCI, B oTp;blxe. MHoro
-lVleHH SaOHpaJIH H COObITHH, CBH3aHHble C BoeHHbIMH
p;eMCTBI1flMH. IT03'fOMY npO]];BHmenHe rrepcoB B CHHiPJiIIO ua
15 )];HeM nynI II B03BpaII{eHHe R rreperrpaBe na MCTpe BnOJI-
He MOrJIO 3aH5ITI, 60 C JIHmHHM p;HeM. HHHaHoro rrpoTHBope-
qHH 3p;ecI, co CBep;eHHHMH repop;OTa HeT.
He B03HHRaeT sp;ecI, rrpOTHBOpe'IHH H C coooII{eHHeM
CTpaooHa. )J;JIH corJIaCOBaHHH 9THX cBep;eHHH p;alI{e HeT He-
OOXOP;HMOCTH rrpep;noJIaraTh BCJIe)]; 3a B. H. rpaHoBbIM, 'ITO
CTpaooH, paccRasbIBaH, HaR AapHH B reTcRoH rrycTbure «ObIJI
SaXBa'leH B JIOBymRy H pHCHOBaJI rrofHoHYTI, co DceM CBOHM
BOMCROM OT mam]];bI; HO QH rrOHHJI onaCHOCTI" XOTH 11 nos]];-
no, H rrOBepHYJI Hasap;», orrHCI,IBaeT He HalJaJIO IIOXO]];a,
a yme B03BpaII{eHHe rrepCOB H rreperrpaBe. Be]J;I, reorpalfJ l-Ie
YRa3bIBaeT TOlJHOrO MeC'fa, oTRyp;a )J;apnll: JIOBepHyJI oopaT-
lIO. A B npe]];eJIax reTCHOH rryCTblHH B1o.JIHe MOJReT YMe-
CT11TbCH OTMe'IeHHI,IH RTecHeM 15-P;I'IeBHI,II1 MapmpYT.
155

I'p:e H-\e npOJIeraJI BTOT MapmpYT? TO"liHhIH OTBeT ]1;llTb
nOlm neBOSMomHO. fIcno, 'ITO B TpeX P;IUlX nYTH 01' MOTpa,
rp;e-To B panone COBpeMeHHoro r. BOJIrpap:a rrepep:OBbIe' ,01'-
pHP;bI CHHcpOB o6napYrHHJIH rrepcoB H CTaJIH aaMaHHBaTb B
rJIy6h CTpaI-IbI.
PaccTOHHHe.II 15 p:nen nYTH - 91'0 npHMepHo 540 HM.
TaRoe paCCTOHHHe YMeaeTcH B np-ep;eJIax IHliRHerO H cpep;-
HerO TeqeHHH THpaca. BnoJIne BepoHTHo, qTO CRMcpbJ He
p:aJIH JJ:apHIO p:an-\e nepenpaBwr:bCfl qepes THpac.
A B sacymJIHBOM 6esBop:Hon npHp;necTpoBcRon CTenl'f
orpOMHoe nepcHp;cRoe BOllCRO nonaJIO B TfliReJIenmee nOJIome-
HMe. He60JI:bmHe, nepeC:bIXaIOMe JIeTOM CTenHhIe peqymRM
He MOJ;'JIH HanOHT:b CTOJI:bRO JIIOp:en H iRHBOTHhIX. MCCflRaJIH
sanaCbI npop:OBOJIhCTBHfl H npOBHaI-ITa. A CRH<phI Bce H36e-
ramI OTRphITOro cpan-\eHHfl.
JJ;aJIhHeHmHH XOJJ: C06hITHi'1, BepOflTHO, MOiRHO OCBeTHTh
C nOMO:bIO repOP:OTa. (<OTeu; HCTOPHH» IIHmeT: (<TaR RaR
TaI'We nOJIOmeHHe P;JIHJIOCI, p:oJIro H He npeRpaaJIOCh, TO
JJ:apMH, noCJIaB Bcap:HHHa R u;apIO CRM<pOB Hp;aHTHpcy, ne-
pep:aJI CJIep:YIOee: "CTpanHbIn qeJIOBeR, qTO ThI Bce BpeM1t
y6eraeJllh, XOTfl y Te6fl eCTh B03MOiRHOCTh cp:eJIaTI, Op:HO U3
P:BYX? BeP;I, eCJIM ThI CqHTaemI" qTO ThI caM crroc06eH rrpo-
TMBOCTOflTh MoeMY MoryeCTBY, Te6e CJIep;yeT, OCTaHOBMB-
mHC:b M npeRpaTHB 6JIYiRp;aHHfl, CpaiRaT:bCfl; eCJIH am 'I'Ll
COSHaeIIIh, qTO ThI cJIa6ee, TO 11 Torp;a, npeRpaTlIB 6ercTBo
H HeCH CBoeMY BJIaJJ;hII{e B p:ap SeMJIIO H BOp,y, UpHJJ;H P;JIfl
rreperoBOpOB"» (IV, 126).
1\.aR n-\e BOCrrpIUIflJIH CRM<pbI TaRoi'1 YJIhTMMaTYM? repOJJ;oT
paccRashIBaeT: «Ha 91'0 n;ap:b CKH<pOB MJJ;aI-ITHpC CK8-3aJI CJIe-
P;YIOee: "MOM JJ;eJIil, 0 IIepc, 06CTOflT TaRHM oopa30M:
H II npemp:e He oeraJI B CTpaxe HH OT Iwro HS JIIOJJ;en H Te-
nepI, 01' TeOH He 6ery; 11 fl He p:eJIaIO Terrep:b JIHqerO HOBorO
cpaBHHTeJII,HO C TeM, qTO rrpIiBI,II{ JJ;eJIaTh B Ml1pHoe BpeMH.
OO'LHCIlIO H TO, rrOqeMY H He BCTynaIO C TOOOH HeMeJJ;JIeH-
HO B cpameHHe. Y Hac HeT HH ropoP:OB, HH B03JJ;eJIalIHOn
3eMJfI1, II OOHSHI" 'ITO OHH 6yp,yT 3aXBaqeHhI H pa30peHhI, He
'3aCTaBJIHeT Hac CIwpee BCTyrraTh C BaMH B Cpa}!{8HMe. ECJIH
iRe Te6e HyiRHO BO qTO 6bI TO HH CTaJIO crrernno BCTyrrHTI,
B OHTBY, TO Y Hac eCTh OTqHe MorMJIhI. IIonp06ynTe HaHTH
HX Ii rrOIIbITaHTeCI, paspYIIIMTh, II TorJJ;a BhI Y3Hae're, OYJJ;eM
JIM MhI CpaiRaTbCH 113-3a MOrMJI HJIH He OYJJ;eM. Ho npeiRJJ;e,
ec.JIJiI y Hac R TOMY He OYJJ;eT OCHOBaHIIH, MbI C TOOOH B cpa-
lI-I:eHHe He BcrynHM.
OTHOCHTeJII,HO OHTBhI CHaS3HO JJ;OCTaTOqHO. BJIaP:bIRa-
MH me CBOHMH H CqHTaIO TOJIhHO 3eBca, Moero npep;I\a,
156

II tecTIIIO, n;aplIn;YCIUIq,OB. A BMeCTO fJ,apOB aeMJUI II BOfJ,hI
fl IIOI11JIIO Teoe TaIH!e fJ,apbI, HOTOpbIe Teoe IIofJ,OOaeT IIOJIY-
qH'rb; a aa TO, qTO TbI OO'bflBliJI ceOH MOllM BJIaTTbIl\OH Te6e
, " ,
npHp;eTCfl nJIaRaTb '. TaHoB OTBeT CHII(jJOB» (IV, 127).
OTBeT, HaH MbI BH)J;IIM, fJ,OCTOMHbIH. OH RaH HeJIbSH flpqe
xapaHTepHsyeT CBOOOfJ,OJIIOOliBbIX H He3aBHCHMbIX CHH<pOB,
HCTIIHHbIX CbIHOBeM HeOO'bHTHbIX CTenHblX npoCTopOB.
R'aI{ me pa3BOpaqIIBaJIHCb COObITHH )J;aJIbIlle? repo)J;oT co-
06m;aeT HaM CJIefJ,yIOm;ee: «BeCTHlIR yfJ,aJIHJICfl, <{TOObI co06-
m;HTb 91'0 JJ:apIIIO, a n;apH CHH<pOB, YCJIbIIllaB ynoMHHaI-IJiIe 0
paOCTBe, npeHCnOJII-IlIJIHCb rHeBa.
OHH nOCbIJIaWT COefJ,HHHBIllYWCfl C caBpOMaTaMH qaCTb,
HOTOpOH ynpaBJIHJI CHonaCHC, C npHHaa-aHlieM BCTynIITb B
neperOBopbI C IIOHHMn;aMH, HOTOpbIe OXpaHHJIH MOCT qepes
MCTp. A Te H3 CHII<pOB, ROTopbIe OCTaBaJIHCb Ha MeCTe, pe-
IIIHJIH OOJIbille He BOfJ,HTb rrepCOB H3 CTOpOHbI B CTOPOHY, HO
Harrap;aTb Ha HHX BCHRHM pa3, HaH Te OYfJ.YT p;06hIBaTb rrpo-
fJ,OBOJIbCTBHe. MTaH, rrO)J;CTeperaH BOHHOB J];apHfl, fJ,OObIBaB-
IIIIIX rrp.OfJ,OBOJIbCTBHe, OHH HCrrOJIHflJIH npIIHflToe peIIIeUHe.
R'OHI-IlIn;a CRH<pOB BCerfJ,a Oopam;aJIa B 6erCTBO IWHHI1TJ;Y
Bpara, a cnaCIIIHeCH oerCTBOM BCafJ,HHRII rrepCOB YCTpeMJIfl-
JIHCb H neXOTe, H rreXOTa npHXOfJ,IIJIa 'HM Ha rrOMOm;b. CIDI-
<pbI 'I\e, OTOpOCHB ROHHHU;Y, nOBOpa'IIIBaJIH IIaSafJ" OOHCb
neXOTbI. IIofJ,ooHbIe Harrap;eHHfl CHH<pbI COBepIIIaJIII H no HO-
qaM» (IV, 128).
M TaH, nepHOfJ, rraCCHBI-IOrO oTcTyrrJIeHHH CRII<pOB 3aHOH-
qHJICfl. R'oHqIIJIOCb H TopmeCTBeHHoe IIIeCTBlie 3aBOeBaTeJIeM
no CRIIIpCROM SeMJIe. BOMHa nepeIIIJIa B HOBYW CTafJ,HW. CRH-
<pbI C'raJIT{ aHTHBHO HSMa'fbIBaTb rrpoTHBHHHa.
. -.--- A nOJImReHIIe rrepCOB CTaHOBHJIOCb Bce xyne II xynm.
BoeBoM fJ,yx BOHHOB rrafJ,aJI. 01' ObIJIOrO rrOOefJ,HOrO pBemm HB
OCTaJIOCb H CJIe)J;a. CRII<paM rrpHXOfJ,HJIOCb fJ,a'l\e BpeMH 01' Bpe-
MeHH rrOfJ,RapMJIHBaTb IIX. BOT qTO rrHIIIeT 06 9TOM «OTeu;
HCTOPHH»: «BcHHHM pa3, HOrfJ,a CHH<pbI BHp;eJIH, qTO lIepChI
npUIIIJIH B saMeIIIaTeJIbCTBO, TO, AJIH Toro qTOOhI OHN AOJIh-
me OCTaBaJIHCb B ClUI<pHH, a OCTaBaflCh, MyqHJIHCb, JIHIIIeH-
lIMe Bcero Heooxop;HMoro, CRH<pbI nocTyrraJIli CJIep;yIOrrrHM 06
paSOM: OC1'aBHT qaCTb CBoero CHOTa C rracTyxaMM, a caMli.
He cnema, oTcTynflT B APyryw OOJIaCTb, nepChI 'He, npH}UI;
3aXBaThIBaWT CROT H, 3aXBaTIIB, rrpHOOOApmOTCfl ,01' conep-
meHlIOrO» (IV, 130). ' ' ,
,C nOMOm;bIO TaRHX XHTpocTe:ti: CHH<pbI ycyryoHJIli rrOJIO-
lIeHHe nepCOB em;e OOJIhIIIe. M TorfJ,a OHM nOCJIaJIJI JJ:apIlw
CBOIl3HRMeHIITbIe AapbI. ITo repoAbTY, Bce IlpOII v 30IIIJIO TaR:
,.{<llOCIWJIbRY 9'1'0- MI'wro pas nOBTop'RJIOCb,' J];apHM, HRHOHeu;,
157

OqYTIIJICH B 6e3B"bIXOAIlOM nOJIOII{emfM, H n;apn CInH!)OBj
Y3HaB 06 BTOM, UOCJIaJII1 BeCTHIma, npHHecIllero B p:ap .D,a-
pMIO IITIln;y, MhIIllb, JIHrYIllRY JiI IIHTb CTpeJI
llepcJ:,I cnpaIllIIBaJII1 npHHecIllero p:apbI 0 SHaqeHHH no-
p;apI\OB. OH CRaSaJI, qTO eMY 6hIJIO rrpHKasaHo TOJIbl\O, 0'£-
p;aB p;apbl, l\aR MO}[\HO CRopee YjIaJIMThCH. OH npep:JIOmIifJI,
qTOOJ:,l nepCbI, eCJIIif OHIif MYP:PbI, caMIif nOHHJIIif, qTO OSHaqaIOT
BTM p;apbI. Y CJIbIIllaB BTO, nepChI CTaJIIif COBeII.:(aTbCH»
,(IV, 131).
ITpMHeceHHble p:apbI, KOHeqHO, osap:aqmIM nepCOB. 11. oHH
ne cpasy nOHHJIM, qTO OSHaqaIOT 3TH nop:apl{H. repop;OT n8-
pep:aeT HaM BJ:,ICKasaHHbIe npep;nOJIOn\eHIifH: «;QapHM BblCHa-
SM MHeHHe, qTO Cl\M<phI OTp:aIOT eMY H caMMX ceOH, H seM-
JIIO, M BOP:Y. On rrpep;nOJIOmMJI Bro Ha TOM OCHOBanHH, 'ITO
MbIIllb mMBeT B SeMJIe, mifTaHCb TeMH me SJIaHaMH, qTO H qe-
JIOBel\, JIHrYIlll\a - B Bop:e, nTH:u;a OOJIee Bcero nOXOP:HT n3
JIOIllap;I,; CTpeJIhI me OSHaqaIOT, qTO cl\Hqm OTP:aIOT CBOIO
BoeHHYIO MOII.:(I,».
BOT TaI\oe MHeHHe ObIJIO BblCHasaHO JJ:apHeM. ITPOTHBO-
nOJIOmHhIM oJ:,IJIO MneHMe fOOpHH - o)J;Horo MS ero cnO]J;BHII\-
HHROB. On npep:nOJIOmHJI, qTO 9TH p:aphI OSHaqaIOT: «ECJIH
TOJIbl\O Bbl, nepChI, He yJIeTHTe B Heoo, oopaTMBIllHCb B
nTIIII;, ne YRpoeTeCb B aeMJIe, CTaB M"bIIllaMH, HJIH ne npl>Ir-
HeTe B OOJIOTO, oopaTHBIllHCb B JIHrYIllel\, BhI He BepneTecJ:,
nasap;, nopam:eHHble BTHMH CTpeJIaMH» (lV, 132).
MHeHHH, Hal\ Mbl BMp;HM, RpaMHe npOTHBOrrOJIOnmbIe.
OP;HaIW p:aJII,neHIllHM Xop: nORaSaJI, l\alwe HS nHX OI{aSaJIOcJ:,
npaBHJIbHblM.
A cHHqm, npHHeCH p:apbI, He TepHJIH SpH DpeMH 11 nepe-
IUJIH 1\ caMJ:,JM aRTHBHbIM p:eMCTBHHM. q TO me npe)J;rrpHwmH
onH? I1s paCCRasa fepop;oTa MhI YSHaeM CJIeP;YIOIIwe: «Men\-
lJ.Y TeM op;na 'raCTb CRHcpOB, npemp:e nOJIyqMBIIIaH npHRa3a-
nHe neCTH oxpauy OIWJIO osepa MeOTMp:bI, a Tenepb Hp:TH H
BCTPY p:JIH neperOBopOB C HOIIHMII;aMH, IIpHOhIB R MOCTY,
OO'bHBHJIa CJIep:YIOII.:(ee: "MymH HOHHMII;hI, MbJ HeceM BaM CDO-
60AY, eCJIH TOJIbRO DbI saXOTHTe rrOCJIyIllaTbCH. Mbl SHaeM,
'ITO J];apHM nplmaSaJI BaM oxpaHHTb MOCT TOJIblW IlleCTbp;e-
CRT p;r'leU, a eCJIH OIl B TeqeHIle BToro BpeMeHH He HBMTCH,
ynaJIHTbCR B CBoe OTeqecTBO. Tenepb me Bbl He 6yp:eTe BH-
BOBHhI HM nepep: HMM, HM uepep: HaMH, IIocTynHB CJIe]JyIO-
II.:(MM 06pasoM: oCTaBaMTecb YCTaHOBJIeHHoe qMCJIO p:HeM
, - " '
a UOCJIe 3Toro yp:aJIHTeCb .
Horna HOHHMn;bJ COrJIaCI1JIIlCb TaH nOCTynHTh, CI\H<pbl He-
Mep:JIeHno nOCIHJIIIMJIH Hasap:» (IV, 133).
C06blTMH B CHI1<pHn 6JIH3HJIHCJ:, 1\ paSBHSl{e. OI\OHqaTeJIb-
158

ria H3MOTaB 3aBOenaTeJIell, CHHcpbI pemHJIH )J;aTb OTRpI,ITI,Iii
60ll. M '11'0 me IIpOH30illJIO ,/J;aJII,me? ITpe)J;OCTaBHM onHTh
CJIOBO HameMY rJIaBHOMY paCCHa3lJHRY - fepO,/J;OTY. On CO-
o6II(aeT: «IToCJIe, Toro HaH ,/J;apI,I 6I,IJIH ,/J;OCTaBJIeHbI J];apHIo,
OCTaBillHeCH Ha MeCTe CRHcpLI BbICTpOHJIHCb B rreilleM H [WH-
HOM CTpOIO rrpOTHB nepCOB, lJT06I,I BCTYIIHTI, C HHMH B 60ll.
J{ CRHcpaM, CTOHBmHM B 60eBoM IIopH)J;He, BHYTPh CTpOH 3a-
6erI\aJI 3aJII(, H Ra)l{,/J;I,Ill, RTO BH,/J;eJI 3aHI(a, YCTpeMJIHJICH 3a
HUM. Kor,/J;a me CRHcpI,I CTaJIH mYMeTI, H HpHlJaTh, )J;apHll
CrrpOCHJI, lJTO 3a illYM Y HerrpHHTeJIH. Y3Han, '11'0 OIlH npe-
CJIe,/J;YIOT 3aHI(a, OIl CHa3aJI, 06paII(aHCh H TeM, C I{eM HMeJI
06LIRHOBeHHe rOBopHTI, H B ,/J;pyrHx CJIYlJaHX: ,,8TH MymH 01'-
HOCHTCH I{ HaM C 60JIhillHM IIpe3peHHeM, H MIle TenepI, Hcno,
'£1'0 f06pHH npaBHJII,HO CRa3aJI 0 CRH<pCHHX p;apax. fIOCHOJIb-
[W H MIle caMOMY TenepI, Yll{e Ran{eTCH, '11'0 p;eJIO 06C1'OHT
IiMeHHO TaRHM 06pa30M, He06xo,/J;HMO xopomo nop;yMaTI"
'l1'o6LI Hame B03BpaII(eHHe Ha3ap; 6I,IJIO 6e30naCHLIM".
Ha 91'0 f06pHll CRa3a.rr: ,,0 I(apb, H H Ha OCHOBaHHH MOJIBhI
6bIJI rrO'lTH y6em,/J;eH B He,/J;ocTyrrHocTH 9THX mO,/J;eM, npu,/J;fl
me cIOp;a, y6e)J;HJICH B 9TOM eII(e 60JII,ille, BHP;H, HaH OHH H3-
):(eBaIoTcH Ha,/J; HaMH. TenepI, me, MHe Han{eTCH, HaR TOJIbIW
HacTyrrHT HO'lr" MI,I p;OJDI\HLI pa3BecTH ROCTpbI, RaR MbI 91'0
06bI'lHO ,/J;eJIaeM H B p;pyroe BpeMH, 06MaHOM OCTaBH1'r, na
MeCTe Tex BOHHOB, HOTopLIe COBepmeHHO Hecrroc06HLI rrepe-
HOCHTI, TPYP;HOCTH, npHBH3aTI, Bcex OCJIOB H YMTH, rrpell\,/J;e
'1eM CI{HCPbI HarrpaBHTCH I{ lilC1'Py, '11'06I,I pa3pYillHTI, MOCT,
HJIH HomIMI(LI rrpHMYT RaRoe-HH6yP;I, TaRoe peilleI-IHe, ROTO-
poe MomeT Hac rrory6HTI,". TaHoM CoBeT p;aJI f06pHM}) (IV,
134) .
----i'"JraBHoe Cpa)I{eHHe Mem,/J;y cRHcpaMH H nepcaMH, I{aR MbI
BFI)J;HM, He COCTOHJIOCb. CRHcpbI H 3p;eCb, nepep; caMhIM
608M rrORa3aJIH CBoe rrpe3perHre H MI-IOrOlJHCJIeHHOMY rrpOTHB-
IHiRY,
MHTepeceH 9IIH30,/J; C 3allI(eM. KOHe'IIHO me, TaROE: CJIY'laM
BPH,/J; JIH Mor HMeTI, MeCTO B p;eMCTBHTeJII,HOCTH. )J;JIH qero
BBe,/J;eHa B CIOmeT 9Ta CI(eHa? J];. C. PaeBCRHll BH,/J;HT [87.
c. 63, 64] 3,/J;ecI, oTpameHHe CRHCPCI{HX BepoBaHHM B Manzr'18-
CRyIO CH;rry OXOTbI I'fa 3aHI(a: rrpHHeCeI-IHe ero B mepTBY
o6eCrre'lHBaJIO rrJIo,/J;opO,/J;He, rrpHHOCIiJJIO 6JIarorrOJIY'lHe. !10-
9TOMY yme rOTOBLIe .cpa3H1'hcH C nepcaMH CRHcpbI HHHyJlHCh
aa aallI(eM.
BepHeMcH, OAHaRO, H )J;apHIO. IIocJIe Toro HaH CRHcpbI
OTHeCJIHCr, H HHM C TaHHM npe3peHHeM, OH nOHHJI HCTHHIIbIll
CMbICJI p;apoB H COBceM ynaJI p;yXOM. Ero rpaH,/J;Ho3HbJe nJIa-
RbI 3aBoeBaHHH _CRHcpHH PyillHJlHCI" MOn\HO CI{a3a1'I" npHMO
159

l-Ia rJIa38.X. MOIl, «Mym caMbIH JIyqIlIHH HcaMbIll rrpeRpac
,HbIi!i HS Bcex JIlo}J;eH -:- AapHH, CbIH fHcTRcrra, n;apb rrepcon,,
II Bcero MaTepHRa», 6eCCI:iJIeH qTO-JIH60 H3MeHIITb. RaR me,
TYT 6:bITb?! I
OTcTymIeHIIe
nepCH)];CROrO BOHCRa
IIocJIe HeCOCTOHBilierOCH cpameHHH )J;apHH rrOHHJI, qTO 3TO -
ROHen;. IIOROpHTb CRH<pOB He yp;aJIOCb. Boecrroc06HoCTb BOH- ,
CRa H 60eBOH p;yx yrramr OROH'IaTeJIbHO. IIoRa He rr03p;HO, .
HymHo 6emaTb H3 8TOH rrpORJIHTOM CRH.pIIH.
RaR me pa3BOpaqHBamICb C06bITHH rrOCJIe 6ecep;bI C f06-
pIIeM? fepop;OT TaR paCCI{aSbIBaeT 06 8TOM: «HOqblO. )J;apuH
rrpHcTyrrHJI R HCrrOJIHeHHIO CBoero '3aMbICJIa. CaMbIx H3HypeH-
HbIX II MeHee HymHbIx JIIOp;eH, a TaRme rrpHBH3aHHbIx PCJIOB
OH OCTaBHJI B JIarepe rrop; rrpep;JIOrOM, qTO caM "C oT60pHOH
qaCTbIO BOHCR8. HaMepeBaeTCH HarraCTb Ha CRH<pOB, OHH me
B 310 BpeMR 6YP;YT oxpaHHTb JIarepb"}) (IV, 135). IIop; rro-
RpOBOM HOqH rrepCbI rrOCrreIlIHJIH R IICTPY. A B JIarepe ro-
pemr ROCTpbI, peBeJIH mHBOTHbIe. II CRH<pbI rrOJIaraJIH, 'qTO
Bce rrepCHp;CRoe BQ,HCRO Haxop;HTCH Ha MeCTe.
XHTpOCTb yp;aJIaCb. ROBapHo rrpep;aB qaCTb CBoero BOH.,.
CRa, JJ;apHH rrop; rrORpOBOM HOqH He3aMeTHO P;JIHCRH.pOH
HaqaJI oTcTyrrJIeHHe. TaR rrepCbI cYMeJIH oTopBaTbcH OT ,'I
npeCJIep;OBaTeJIeH.
JJ;aJIee fepop;oT c006rn;aeT: «C HacTyrrJIeHIIeM P;HH OCTaB-'
JIeHHbIe, IIOHHB, qTO OHH npep;aHbI JJ;apIIeM, rrpocTHpaR K,
cRH.paM PYRII, paCCRa3aJIH 0 CJIyqHBilleMcH. Rorp;a me CIm:- :\
.pbI 8TO YCJIbIIlIaJIII, TO, nocrrelliHO c06paBIlIHCb BMeCTe,-]
aTO 6bIJIH H p;Be qaCTH BOHCRa CRH<pOB If Ta qaCTb, ROTopaH} , '
p;eHCTBOBaJI8 BMeCTe C caBpOMaTaMH, a TaRme 6YP;HHbI H re-
JIOHbI, - YCTpeMHJIHCb 3a rrepcaMH rrpHMO R IICTPY. TaH RaR ';'
rrepCHp;CHoe BOMCRO 6bIJIO B 60JIbIlIHHCTBe CBoeM rreIlIHM,
If rrYTb eMY He 6bIJI II3BeCTeH, rrOTOMY qTO He 6bIJIO rrpoJIo-"
}I\eHHblX p;opor, CRH.pCRoe me BOMCRO 6bIJIOROHHbIM, IfeMY
6bIJIH H3BeCTHbI RpaTqan:IIIHe nYTH, TO OHH pa3MHHYJIHCb
p;pyr "C p;pyroM, H C1\M.pbI, rrpH6bIB R MeCTY, HaMHoro orre-
pe,D;HJIII rrepco B . 'Y 3HaB, qTO nepCbI ern;e He npH6bIJIII, OHI1!
CHa3aJIH IIOHHHn;aM, HaxpJJ:]!IBIlIIIMCH Ha Ropa6JIHX: "Mymn
IIOIIIIMn;bI, Ha3HaqeI-IHOe BaM qHCJIO ,D;HeH. HCTeRJIO, n, OCTa- "i
BaHCb }J;PJIbIlIe, ,BbI nocTynaeTe HenpaBHJIbHO. Ho rrOCHOJIbRY A
paHbnre BbI OCTaBaJIHCb II3 CTpaxa, TO Tenepb, pa3pynrIIB ne 4 ,;
penpaBY, HeMep;JIeH;HO YXOAHTe" pa1J;YHCb ToMY, qTO BbI-'
, 460

CBOOOJJ:HbI, H MCrrbITbIBaH OJIarOJJ:apHOCTL R OOraM M cRH<paM.
A Toro, RTO rrpemp;e ObIJI BaIlIMM rrOBeJIHTeJIeM, MbI npH:ne-
leM B TaRoe COCTOHHHe, '11'0 OH HM Ha Iwro yme He rrOMJJ:eT
BoihWM"» (IV, 136).
lIaJJ: rrepCHJJ:CRHM BOMcRoM HaBHCJIa yrp03a rrOJIHOrO
YIJJiI"lITO}IteHHH. JIHIlIHBIlIHCb rreperrpaBbI, OHO ObIJIO ObI oope-
'WHO lIa HeMMHyeMYIO fHOeJIb. CYJJ:b6a rrepcoB ObIJIa B PY-
IWX MomdicRMx MopmwB. ItaK me OHM rrOBeJIM ceOH? repo-
AOT orrMCbIBaeT 9TOT BamHeHIlIMM MOMeHT Tali.:
«IIo 3TOMY rrOBOp;y MOHHlln;bI CTamr JJ:epmaTb COBeT. A<p H -
nH HMH MMJIbTMap;, rrOJIKOBOp;en; M THpaH xepcoHeCn;eB, Tex,
'11'0 Ha feJIJIeCrrOHTe, rrpep;JIOmMJI rrOCJIymaTbcH CKMWOB M
nOIH:>ITaTbCH OCBo60P;MTb HOHMIO. IIpeJJ:JIomeHMe MMJIeTHHM-
H3 fHCTM3H ObIJIO rrpOTMBOrrOJIOmIIbIM 8TOMY. OH fOBOpMJI,
'11'0 Terrepb OJIarOJJ:apH J],apHIO Kamp;bIM M3 HMX HBJIHeTCH TH-
paHOM ropop;a; eCJIH me BJIaCTb .D:apMH oyp;eT HM3BeprHym,
IIH caM OB He CMomeT yrrpaBJIHTb MHJIeTHHaMM M HI!II\TO JJ:PY-
rOM He CMomeT yrrpaBJIHTb KeM ObI TO HM ObIJIO; BeJJ:b Ka,K-
JJ:bIM ropoJJ, p;eMOKpaTH"lIeCKoe rrpaBJIeHMe rrOmeJIaeT MMeTI>
ropa3JJ:0 OXOTHee, qeM TMpalm"lIeCKoe. 1{0rJJ:a rMCTM3ll BbI-
CHa3aJI TaKoe MHeHMe, Bce HeMeJJ:JIeHHO OP;OOpHJIM 31'0 MHe-
IUle, XOTH rrpemp;e cotJI3.IlIaJIMCb C MMJtbTMaJJ:OM>} (IV, 137).
8TM COObITMH orrMcaHbI orrHTb-TaKH BBCbMa CXeMaTMqHO.
COBeT rpe"lIeCKMX TMpaHOB rrpOXOp;MJI, HOHe"lm:o, 60JIee OYPHO.
AWMHnHMH MMJIbTHaJJ:, HaBepHoe, 6WI HerrJIOXMM opaTopOM
M rrpOM3Hec HPHYIO, 3amHra TeJI1>HYIO peqb C rrpM3bIBOM OCBO-
60JJ:MTb I10HMIO 01' rrepCMp;CIWfO rocrrOJJ:CTBa. H Bce rrpHCYTCT-
nYWIII;Me 3JIJIHHbI B eJJ:MHOM oOIII;enaTpMOTMqeCKOM rropbIBe
APymHo JI.0P:JJ:epmaJIM ero. Ho 91'0 ObIJI rrepBbIll rropbIB. Itorp;a
-CTHre rrpM3bIBbI YTMXJIM, CJIOBO B3HJI rMCTM3M. CrrOIWM-
no, Tpe3BO M paccyp;MTeJIbHO OH 3arOBOpMJI 0 TOM, '1eM Bce
91'0 06epHeTCH JIM'1HO JJ:JIH HHX, TMpaHOB. H yp;apHJI B caMoe
60JIbHOe MeCTO BJIaCTOJIIOOHBbIX rrpaBMTeJIeM, CblrpaJI Ha MX
60H3HM rrOTepHTb BJIaCTb. PaCqeT 6bIJI rrpaBMJIbHbIM, M yp;ap
JJ.oCTMr n;eJIH. JIMqHbIe HHTepeCbI TMpaHOB oJJ:epm aJIl!I Bepx
HaA ilX rraTpHOTM'1eCHMM meJIaHHeM BHJJ:eTb HOHMIO CB060JJ:-
HOM. TorJJ:a OHH pe3HO M3MeHMJIM CBoe MHeHMe M rrporOJIO-
COBaJIM 3a rrpeJJ:JIOmeHMe fMCTMan COXpaHHTb MOCT.
Ho rrpMHHTb peIlIeHHe - 31'0 TOJ1bHO rrOJIp;eJIa. l{aK coxpa-
HUn rreperrpaBY, HorJJ:a Ha oepery CTOHT CMJIbHOe CHMWCli.Oe
BORCHO M TpeoyeT pa3pYIlIMTb ee? H 3JIJIHHbI, HaH paCCHa-
3bIBaeT llaJIee repOJJ:OT, rrOIlIJII!I Ha HOBapHbIM OOMaH: «IIocJIe
Taro ItaR OHM oll06pM'JII!I rrpellJIOmeHMe rHCTM9H, HMM, HpOMe
TorO,6bIJIO rrpMHHTO perueHMe Ha JJ:eJIe Ii Ha CJIOBaX rrOCTY-
IIlIn CJIep;YIOIIJ.HM 06pa30M: pa3pYIlIMTb TY qaCTb MOCTa, HO-
7 M. B. Ar5YHoB
161

TopaH npHJIeraJIa H CHH<pCIWH CTopOHe, paspymHTb }He Ha
paCCTOHHHH TIOJIe'fa CTpeJIbI, 'ITOObI HaSaJIOCb, 'ITO OHU 'ITO-
TO e.lIaIOT, He JJ,eJIaH B J];eHCTBHTeJIbHOC'fH Hn'IerO, H 'ITOObI
CHH<pbI He TIbITaJIHCb CHJTOH nepeHTII no MOCTY; npH paspy-
memIH TOH 'IaCTU MOCTa, HOTopaH npHJIeraJIa H CHH<pHII"
6bIJIO pemeHO CHasaTb, 'ITO OHH CJ];eJIaIOT Bce, 'ITO yrOJ];HO "
Cl\IItfJaM.
BOT 81'0 OIill J];ooaBHJIH H rrpeJ];JIomeHHIO fHCTH8H, a sa-
TeM fHCTH8H OTBeTHJI 01' IIMeHH BceX, CHa3aB CJIeJ];YIOee:
"MymH CHHtfJbI, BbI HBJIHeTeCb H HaM C nOJIe3HbIM COBeTOM
H nOJ];ocneJIH BOBpeMH. VI 01' Bac MbI nOJIY'IHJIU nOJIe3HbIe
YH8saHim, n MbI OH8sbIBaeM 88M nOJ];ooalOYIO YCJIyry. Hoo,
HaH BbI BHJ];HTe, MbI paspYlliaeM neperrpaBY II npOHBHM BCH- ',1
qeCHOe ycepJ];He, CTpeMHCb ObITb CBOOOJ];HbIMH. B TO BpeMH J
K8K MbI ee paspyIIiaeM, J];JIH Bac C8Moe BpeMH pasbICKHBan 
HX II, HaHJ];H, OTOMCTJiITb HM II sa Hac H 3a caMHX ceOH TaR, 
KaI{ OHH Toro 38CJIymIIBaIOT"}) (IV, 139).\
VI 81'01' OOMaH yJ];aJICH. .o;OBep'IHBbIe CHH<pbI BHOBb r
nOBepHJIH 8JIJIHHaM, ROTOpbIe no CYTH yme OOMaHYJIH IIX-
OJ];I!IH pas. BeJ];b nOCJIe nepBbIX neperoBopoB OHH COrJIaCH-;
nHCb paspYlliHTb nepenpaBY no HCTe'IeHHH YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX "
)J;apHeM llieCTHJ];eCHTH J];HeH. 11 He CJ];epm8JIH CBoe CJIOBO. !,
CmltfJbI, Ral{ MbI BHJ];HM, 3aCTaJIH MOCT HeTpOHYTbIM. aIm no- ',-
BepHJIH 8JIJIHHaM, 'ITO Te OCTaBaJIHCb CBepx rrOJIOmeHHOro,
cpOIm IIS CTpaxa, H pelliHTeJIbHO nOTpeOOB8JIH TYT me pa3-:
PYIIIHTb neperrpaBY. YoeJ];HBlliHCb, '11'0 MOpHHH Ha'IaJIH pa3- ,:'
BOJ];HTb HOpaOJIH, CHHtfJbJ, He omHJ];aH nOJ];JIoro 06MaHa, no- f
CnelliIIJIH OOp8THO, H8BCTpe'Iy )J;apHIO. OHH XOTeJIH rrepe-,
XBaTHTb nepcoB B OTHpbITOH CTenH, nOJ];aJIbllie oT11'CTpa. TaM i
ObIJIO JIePle 38BHsaTb 60H, OHOH'IaTeJIbHO MSMOT8Tb np6tfl'3"
HHEa II YHH'ITOmHTb ero.
COObITHH pa3BOpa'IHBaJIHCb O'IeHb cTpeMHTeJIbHO. "{ho me,
npOIifCXOJ];HJIO n.aJIbllie? fepoJ];oT C OOOli\aeT CJIeJ];YIOee: «CKH- ' I '
tfJbJ, CHOBa nOBepHB TOMY, 'ITO HOHHHI(bI rOBopHT npaBD:Y, ';
nOBepHYJJI1 Ha nOIICKH nepCOB, HO OHII OlliHOaJIHCb OTHOCH-:
TeJIbHO Bcero nYTH IIX nepeJ];BHmeHHH. BHHOBaTbI B 8TOM;
ObIJIH C8MH CRIltfJbI, KOTOpbIe YHH'ITOmIIJIH B aTOM KpaIO n8CT- ,1
6U8 J];JIHJIOlliaD:eH II 38CbIIIaJIH BOJ];oeMbI. EcmI DbI OHM aTO-'-
ro He CD:eJIamI, TO Y HHX 6bIJIa ObI B03MomHOCTb npH me- :
JIaHHII oes TpyLta OTbICKaTb nepcoB; a HbIHe OHH rrOTepnemI :
I-reynaqy HMeHHO HS-sa Toro, '11'0, no UX MHeHHIO, 6bIJIO 3a" 
LtYMaHo HaHJIY'IIIIHM 06pasoM. CKHtfJbI HCEaJIH npoTHBHHKa, ",
npoHLtH HaCKB03b TY 'IaCTb CBO€H CTp8HbI, B HOTOpOH ObIJIJI 
KOpM .D;JIH JIOiliaLteH n BOna, IIOJIaraH, '11'0 II nepCbI 6yJ];YT 
YXOLtHTb H}(IeHHO 'Iepes aTE KpaH. Ho nepCbI IIIJIH, J];epmaCb ,
,
162
",

CBOMX rtpCmJIMX CJIeJ(OB, M J(aJIe npH 3TOM C TpyJIOM OTbICRa-
;un nepenpaBY. H'orJ(a OHM npMIJlJIM, ObIJIa HOqI>, M, 06Hapy-
mIlB, qTC MOCT pa3pYIJlen, OHM nnamI H JIOJIHOe OTqa.HHMe,
McnyramuHcb, lIe nOlumYJIH JIM MX MOHMRII;bI.
B CBMTe ,l],apMH ObIJI Mym erMrrTHHMH, 06JIaJ(anmHll caMbIM
rpOMRHM cpeJ];M JIIOJ];ell fOJlOCOM. 8TOMY-TO Mymy ,l],apMll rrpM-
I\a3aJI, CTaB na oepery J!IcTpa, 3BaTb fMCTM9.H MMJIeTHHMHa.
On 31'0 ill J(eJIaJI, a fMCTH3ll, YCJIbIIJlaB, no nepBOMY 'He 30BY
JJpeJ];OCTaBMJI Bce IWpaOJIM J(JIH rreperrpaBbI BOIIClW M IIaBeJI
MOCT.
TIepcbI, CJIeJ(OBaTeJIbIIO, YCROJIb3aIOT BOT TaI{HM oopaSOM,
CRMcpbI me BO BpeMH rrO'1-CROB M no BTOpOll pas paSMHI-IYJIHCb
c rrepcaMM. 1:11'0 J];O MOHMllD,eB, TO, C OJ];lIOll CTOpOlIbI, MX,
IWI> cn060J];HbIX JIIOJ];ell, CRM<pbI 06BMHmOT B TOM, qTO OHM
caMbre nOJ];JIble H TPYCJIMBb]e M3 Bcex JlIOJ];ell, C J(Pyroll CTO-
POUb], CI{HcpbI YTBeplI\J(aIOT, qTO eCJIM CYJ];MTb 06 MOHMllII;ax,
IWI> 0 pa6ax, TO 31'0 HeBOJILIIMRM, JII06mII;ne CBoero rocnOJ];M-
Ha H HH B MaJIellmell' CTerreHH He CRJIOHHbIe 1\ 6erCTBY 01'
nero. BOT TaRoe 06BMHelme 6pomeHo CI{HcpaMM MOHHllII;aM})
(IV, 140-142).
TaR ,l],apull cnaCCH 01' rrOJII-IOrO pa3rpoMa. CnoMM cnace-
nneM nepcbI 6b]JIM b6HsaHbI rJIaBHbIM 06pasoM rHCTM3IO.
Xopomo CRaSaJI 06 aTOM, RaR rrepeJ];aeT fepOJ(OT, 6paT
,lJ,apIIJ.H ApTa6aH. MHoro JIeT crrYCT.H, yme nOCJIe CMepTH
,lJ,apHH ero CLm: HcepRc, 3amm rrpeCTOJI oTII;a, 3aJ];YMaJI IIO-
CTpOMTb MOC'£ "lIepeS reJIJIeCnOHT M MJ];TM BORHall Ha 8JIJIaJ];Y.
11 ApTa6aH, OTrOBaplmaH D,apH, npHXOJ];MBmerOCH eMY nJIe-
MHIIHHIWM, 01' :noro, npOMSHec TaRYIO peqb: «0 D,apL! H He
COBeTOn,JI TBoeMY pOJ];HTeJIIO, MoeMY 6paTY, ,[(apMIO MJ];TM no-
- XOJ]; OM na CRHcpOB, JIIOJ];eR, Y ROTOpbIX DOBce HeT ropOJ(OB.
A on MeHH lIe rrOCJIymaJI B naJ];emJ(e nOROpHTb CRHcpOB, RO-
TOpb]e Bce-TaRn 6bIJIM lWqeBHMRaMH, M BbIcTyrrMJI B noxoJ];.
OJ];lIaRo eMY npMIIIJIOCb BosBpaTMTbcH Ha3aJ];, nOTepHB IVlHoro
xpa6pb]x BOMHOB H3 CBoero BOllcRa...
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nOCTHrJIO, ROfJ];a pOJ];MTeJIb TBOll rrOCTpOHJI MOCT Ha Eocnope
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HOHHH, ROTOpbIM 6bIJIa rropyqeHa oxpaHa MOC1'a  I1cTpe,
paspymHTb neperrpaBY. I1 eCJIM 6b] TorJ];a fnCTM3H, THpaH
MllJIe1'a, COrJIaCMJICfI C MHeHMeM npoqMX TMpaHoB H He BOC-
npOTHBHJICH, TO BOllCRO rrepCOB rrorM6JIo ObI. BnpOqeM, J];a}I\e
II nOJ];YMaTb CTpaIIlHO, qTO TorJ];a BCH J];eplIwBa. D,apH 6bIJIa
B pYRax OJ];Horo qeJIOBeRa» (VII, 10).
OqeHb BepHO rrOp;MeTHJI ApTa6au, qTO «Torp;a BCR J];epma-
7* 163

na- u;ajJH 6bIJIa B PYKaX OHoro 'IeJIOBeI{a> - rHCTM3. TOT
Hee He eKameIDb. I1 AapMM He Sa6bIJI 3TOM orpoMHoM YCJIiy-
I'M. Cpa-sy me nOCJIe rroxop:a OH BDlSlIaJI H ce6e I'MCTM3H
BMeCTe C HoeM H, HaH yme rOBOpHJIOCb, m;ep;po Ha-rpap:MJI
060MX COrJIaClIO MX meJIaHMHM. rMCTH9:fl rrOJIY'IMJI BO BJIa,ne-
HMe MeCTHOCTb MMPKMH, rp:e C06MpaJICH OCHOllaTb ropoJ,
a- HOll CTaJI TMpa-HOM MMTMJIeHbI.
...
IIpaBJIeHMe KOH SaHOH'IMJIOCb, «a-R MbI YIRe SHaeM,
BeCbMa rrJIa'IellIlO: BO BpeMH MOHMllCHoro BOCCTaHMH MMTH- 
JIeHU;bI rrpOrnaJIH ero MS ropop;a, n06MB HaMHHMH.
A rMCTM9M OHOH'IMJI CBOM p:HM em;e xYIRe. lI{MSHb M p:eH- )
IlMH 9Toro 'IeJIOBeRa, HOTOpbIll CIlac J];apMH OT crrpaBep:JIMBO-',
1'0 BOSMeS.D;MH CKMcpOB, BeCbMa rrOHaSaTeJIblIbI M CTOHT Toro,
TITD6bI H:eMlIoro paCCRa3aT:b 0 nJIx. ,I.:
110JIY'IMB B Harpap:y OT J];apMH MeCTHOCTb MMpHMH t
I-Ia p. CTpMMOH (COBp. p. CTPYMa) 110 <DpaKMM, rMCTH9ll pas-
BepHYJI TaM 6ypnyIO p:eHTeJIblIOCTb H Ha'IaJI CTpOHTeJIbCTBO f
HOBoro ropO.D;a. Ero 3HeprH'IHOCTb M BbI3BaJIa orraceHMH,
y Mera6asa, oc060 rrpM6JIMIReHHOrO BOeHa'IaJIbHMHa J];apMH.
IIpH6bIB B Capp:bI, Mera6as, KaR c006m;aeT repO.D;OT, 06pa- ,
Tl'IJICH K cBoeMY rrOBeJIMTeJIlO C BorrpocoM, Sa'IeM OH pa3pe- "
mMJI «9TOMY p:OIllJIOMY M XMTPOMY 3JIJIMHY rrOCTpOMTb ropop: BO
<DpaI\HM». CBoell pe'IbIO Mera6as BHymMJI. u;apIO orraceHMH, ' " )
'ITO I'MCTM9ll YKperrMT CBoe rrOJIOIReHMe, CTaHeT BOIRp:eM 
MeCTHoro HaCeJIeHHH IiI HH'IHeT BOMHY rrpOTMB J];apHH.)<
j;
1iI p:aJIbHoBMP:HbIll u;apep:Bopen; COBeTOBaJI rrpMSBaTb K ce6e .
'Iepec'IYP 9I-IeprM'IHOro 3JIJIHHa, saCTaBMTb ero rrpeHpaTHTb
pa60TbI, saXBaTHTb B CBOH pyHH IiI 60JIMUe HMHorp:a He OT- 
rrYCKaTb OT ce6H. i
J];apMll 6bICTpO rrOHRJI, KattMe TYT MorYT 6bITb rrocJIep;c'f"" J
BMH M cpasy IRe rrOCJIaJI K rMCTM9IO BeCTIIHHa C rrPHrJIame- 1
HHeM HBMTbCH HO .D;BOpy H CTaTb n;apcHMM COBeTHHKOM. , ::
rMCTH9ll rrOBepHJI 3TOMY H C pa.D;OCTbIO npH6bIJI B CapP;bI,
rp:e u;apb BCTpeTHJI ero c- TaIWll pe'IblO: «rHCTH9ll! IIoCJIa-JI 
H sa )'06010 BOT rrO'IeMY. HaH TOJIl>HO H BOSBpaTHJICH fIS
CI\Mcprm II TbI nponaJI C MOMX rJIas, H BCHope rrO'IYBCTBO-
BaJI, 'ITO 60JIbilie Bcero maJIeIO 0 TBoeM OTCYTCTBIIH II 0 TOM,
'ITO He Mory 6ece)J.OBaTb C To60ll. H y6emp:eH, 'ITO BbICIllee
omtI'O lIa SeMJIe - :')1'0 MY.D;pbIll M BepHDlll p;pyr. To II D.Pyroe
H oopen B Te6e, H MOH cyp:b6a rrO)J.TBepi-K.D;aeT 91'0. I-haR
XOpOIiiO TbI nocTymIJI, rrpMp:H KO MHe, II IT npe)J.JIara-IO 1'e6e
BOT 'ITO: OCTamo MrmeT H BHOBb OCHonHHHbIll ropo.D; BO
<DPaIUUl, np:H co MHOIO B CYSbI II TaM pasp:eJIHll co MHOIO
ItaI{ MOB: COTpaneSIUIK II COBe'fHMH Bce, 'ITO Y MeHH eCTb»
(V, 24).
1G1

EblTb COTparre3HMROM u;apH - 3TO neJIM'IaH:llIa.H 'IeCTb,
orpOMHbIe npMBMJIerMM. Ho P;JIH fMCTMaH COTparre3HH'IeCTBO
OHa3aJIOCb 30JIOTOH: IWeTIWH:. OH 6bICTpO nOHHJI aTO H CTaJI
I1CRaTb BbIXO)]; H3 rrOJIOmeHMH. Ero XHTpbIH:, M3BOpOTJIHBbIH:
yM IIO)];CI{a3aJI TaIWR rrYTI,: nOJ.(HH'fb B MHJIeTe BOCCTaHHe
npOTHB rrepCOB, paCC'IMTbIBaH Ha TO, 'ITO ,ZJ;apHR OTrrYCTHT
ero HaBeCTH TaM rrOpH)];OR.
H fHCTMaR rrOCJIaJI BepHoro CJIyry I{ ApMcTaropy, CBoeMY
SHTIO H P;BOIOPO)];HOMY 6paTY, ROTOpbIR CTaJI rrOCJIe HerO rrpa-
IJI1TeJIeM MHJIeTa, C TIpH3bIBOM I{ BOCCTaI!HIO.
BoccTaHHe BcrrblxHYJIO B MHJIeTe H 6bICTpO pacrrpOCTpa-
HHJIOCb rro BceR HOHHM. TaH Ha'IaJIOCb H3BeCTHoe HOI-IHRCROe
I30CCTaHHe rrpOTHB rrepCHp;CRoro rOCTIOp;CTBa. BOT - TIOHCTHHe
nenpe)];CI\a3yeMbIe nOBopoTbI cY)];b6bI. Ha nepenpaBe 'Iepe3
HCTp fHCTH3R H3-3a CBOHX JIH'IHbIX HHTepecoB, MOiKrro CRa-
3aTb, co6cTBeHHbIMM PYRaMH 3ap;ymHJI B03MomHOCTb OCBOOO-
P;HTb HOHHIO OT rocrrop;cTBa rrepcoB. H Tenepb OH me,
H orrHTb-TaRH M3-3a CBOIIX cyryoo JIH'IHbIX HHTepecoB, 3a-
)];YMaJI BOCCTaHHe npOTHB ,ZJ;apHH!
fHCTM3R paCC'IMTaJI Bce O'IeHb TO'IHO. ,ZJ;apHR oTrrycTMJI
ero B HOHMIO BOCCTaHOBHTb TaM crrORORCTBHe. CTapaHCb
YCbIIIHTb OJ.(HTeJIbHOCTb n;apR, XHTpeI Ooern;aJI rrOp;'IHHMTb
apHIO orpOMHbIR OCTpOB Cap)];OIl.
BbICBOOO)];HBIlIHCb M3 rrO'IeTHOrO rrJIena, fHCTH3R rrocrre-
mHJI H3 CY3 B Capp;bI. A TaM ApTa<ppeH, caTpan Cap)];,
CnpOCHJI ero, OT'IerO BOCCTaJIH MOHHRn;bI. fHCTHaR, I{OHe'InO
Re, rrOCnellIHJI OTBeTMTb, 'ITO HH'IerO He 3HaeT H p;ame y)];HB-
neH. ApTa<ppeH, rrOHHB ero rrpHTBopCTBO, RaR COOOrn;aeT HaM
fepoP;oT, n8CbMa RpaCHOpe'IHBO CRa3aJI: «C MHTe1IWM p;eJIo
- we-rOHT, fHCTH3H, BOT TaR: CIlIHJI 3TY OOYBb TbI, a Ha)];eJI
ee ApHcTarop» (VI, 1).
EOHCb, '1TO ero OOMaH paCRpbIT, fHCTH3H B TY me HO'Ib
6en-\aJI H3 Cap)];. I1 rrpeiKI!He rrJIaHbI ero H3MeHHJIHCb.
BMeCTO Toro, 'ITOObI HaBOJJ;HTb rrOpR)];OR B HOHHH H 3aBoeBbI-
BaTb apHIO OCTpOB Cap)];OH, OH pemHJI CTaTb BO rJIaBe
HOHHRCRoro BOCCTaHHH. ApHCTarop R TOMy BpeMeHH TIorH6
B O)];HOM lI3 ooeB.
C 3THMl'I 11JIalIaMH fMCTH3R npH6bIJI Ha OCTpOB XHOC.
XHOCn;bI 3anO)];03pHJIH, 'ITO OH npHObIJI CIOp;a rro TIOpY"IeHHIO
AapHH, 'ITOObI COBepmHTb rrepeBopOT B ropo)];e. Ho TIOTOM
OI-IH OCBOOO)];HJIH ero.
Kor)];a HOHHRn;bl CrrpOCMJIH fHCTH3R, rrO"IeMY OIl TaR Ha-
CTOR'IHBO rrpH3bIBaJI ApHCTaropa BOCCTaTb npOTHB )J;apHH H
«3TIIM HaBJIeR CTpamHYIO oep;y Ha IIOHHH», TOT CI{pbIJI
MCTHHHyIO npH'IHHy H OTBeTHJI, 'ITO ,IJ;apMH 3aP;YMaJI nepe-
165

cemlTb qnwMKMRII,eB B MORIno, a MOHMRII,eB - B <I>MHHKMJO.'1
8TI'[M BbIMbICJIOM OH paCC'IMTbIBaJI I-IaTIyraTb MOHHRII,eB. ,
3aTeM rMCTMaR OTIIpaBMJI TaRUble IIOCJIamlH B CapJJ:br "
Ha)];eHCb IIO)];HJ-ITb TaM BOCCTami8. Ho 3arOBOp 6hIJI paCKpbIT :'-
ApTa<ppeHOM, MHorHe ero Y'IaCTHHKM Ka3HeHbI. (
Tor)];a fHCTH3R oTnpaBMJICH B MHJleT. Ho MHJIeTHHe, H3-
oaBMBlilHecH OT ApHcTaropa H BKYCHBlilHe pa)];OCTb CBo6o)];bI, ,
He BIIYCTHJIH B ropo)]; HOBOHBJIeHHOro THpaHa. HO'IbIO OIl IIO-
IIbITaJICH CHJIOR BORTH B CBOH PO)];HOR ropo)];, HO ObIJI paHen.
11 npHlIIJIOCb eMY BHOBb B03Bpall(aTbCfI na XHOC. O)];HaKO
XHOCII,bI CTKa3aJIliCb )];aTb eM)' KOpaOJIH. «
OTCIOp:a OH OTnpaBHJICfI B MHTHJIeHY II TaM yroBOpHJI 
JIeC60CII,eB BbIJJ:eJIIITb eMY BoceMb TpIIep. CHapHp:HB IIu X , rIIC- ;i
TIi3R C MHTHJIeHII,aMH OTTIJIbIJIH K BocnoPY <I>paKHHCKOMY, '}i
3aHfIJIH Y BH3aHTHH YJJ:OOHYIO II03HII,HIO H CTaJIH 3aXBaTbI- 
BaTb H)];yll(He H3 IIoHTa rpY30BbIe KOpaOJIH. ;,
A B TO BpeMfI nepCbI )];BMHYJIM Ha MHJIeT orpOMHoe:
BOMCKO H OOJIblilOM <pJIOT. IIocJIe OmeCTO'IeHI-IhIX cpameHMH 
Ha Mope H I-Ia cyme, p:JIHTeJIbI-IOM OCa)];bI MHJIeT naJI. IIpo- ;
H301IIJIO STO, HaK OTMe'IaeT «OTeIl, IICTOPHH», Ha lIIeCTOR rOLl; :;-
nOCJIe Ha'IaJIa BOCCTaHHfI (VI, 18). MOHHHII,bI IIOLl;I-IfIJIHCb'
npOTHB nepCOB B 499 r. p:o H. 3. CJIep:OBaTeJIbHO, MHJIeT OblJI 1
3aXBa'IeH rJJ:e-TO B 494 r. fOpOA OblJI pa3pYlIIeI-I II pa3rpao- t
JIeH, mHTeJIH yrI-IaHbI B paocTBo. BblBlilaH meM'IY}I{HHa 1
liIOHHH npeBpaTlIJIaCb B PYHHbI.
BecTb 0 COObITHHX B MHJIeTe 3aCTaJIa rHCTH3fI Y BH3aH- ,
THfI. OH CHapHJJ:HJI JIeCOOCCKHe Hopa6JIH H nOnJIbIJI I{ XHOCY. 1
Ho ero He nYCTHJIH B roPOJJ:. TorJJ:a OH HanaJI Ha XHOCCII,eB, ..
IIepeOHJI MHorHX H3 HHX, 3aTeM O)];OJIeJI OCTanm: X_MoccHoro ;
<pJIOTa, YII,eJIeBlilHe nOCJIe OHTBbI C nepcaMH y MHJICTI:l., _ ":
liI3 XHoca rHCTM3H HanpaBHJICfI K <Dacocy H OCa)];HJI ero-. ;{
liI3BecTHe 0 TOM, 'ITO nepCbI nOCJIe B3HTHH MHJIeTa HaIIpaBl'I :
JIM MOll(HbIM <pHHMHMMCImR <pJIOT npOTHB OCTaJIbHbIX MOHMM-"
CKMX ropOJJ:OB, 3aCTaBHJIO TMpaHa CHfITb ocaJJ:Y <Dacoca IiI
CnelIII-ITb K J1ec6ocy. OTTYJJ:a H3-3a HeXBaTKH npop:OBOJII,-
CTBHfI IIpHlIIJIOCb nepenpaBHTbCfI Ha MaTepMH, 'ITo6bI JJ:06bITb
TaM XJIeo. fIICTII3M BbIcap:MJICfI ua 6eper Y ropop:a MaJIeHa
B ATapneMCHOM OOJIaCTH. Ha 3TOT pa3 tPopTyna II3MeHI1JIa
TIIpaHY. B TOM MeCTe KaK pa3 HaXO)];MJIOCb OOJIblilOe nep-
CIIp:CHoe BOMCI\O BO rJIaBe C fapnarOM. I1epcbI 06HapYJ-IU-IJIIiI
BbICa,lUIBlIIMXCH 3JIJIHHOB H )];BHHYJIIICb Ha HHX. 8JIJII1HbI ;rep-
i-KaJIHCb CTORHO. Ho nepCH)];CKafI HOHHHII,a cTpeMHTeJIbHbL\r
6POCKOM onpoHIIHYJIa HX II pelIIHJIa MCXOP: OI1TBb!. 8JIJIIIHbI
06paTI1JIHCb B oercTBo, a rIICTII3H, HaK paccKa3bIBaeT repo-
AOT, «B HaAeJf\p:e, 'ITO II,apb He nOHapaeT ero CMepTbID 3a
166

'j'enepeUIHee npecTyrrJIemIe, M MaJIOJJ:YUIHO rrbITaHCb CrraCTM
C130IO }RM3nb, rrocTyrrMJI TaR: 130 npeMH 6erCTBa ImROR-TO
nepCMJJ:CHMR BOMH [faCTMr ero M XOTeJI 6LIJIO YRm 3aROJIOTb.
TorJJ:a THpan OO'bH13MJI eMY no-rrepcMJJ:cRM, 'ITO OH - fMCTM8R
JiI3 MIWeTa» (VI, 29).
.D;aJIee fepoJJ:oT rrpOD:OJImaeT: ({ECJIM ObI rrJIellHMI{a rrpM-
13eml H IJ;apro .D;apHID, TO, RaH H JJ:YMalO, fMCTM3R He rrOHec
OLI llMHaROR H:apbI M u;apL ObI npOCTMJI ero. ITo 3TOR-TO rrpM-
'QMHe, a TaR}Re M3-3a 00H3HM, Ra.R ObI TMpaH, M36e}Ra13 Ha-
Ra3aHMH, 13llOBb He npMo6peJI OOJIbiliOrO BJIMHHMH Y Iwpn
J],apMH, ApTa<ppeH, rrpa13MTeJIb CapJJ:, n faprrar, 3aX13aTMB-
lIIMR ero 13 rrJIeH, BeJIeJIM rrpM13e3TM ero 13 CapJJ:LI M Ra3HMTb.
TaM TeJIO fncTM8H paCrrHJIM Ha RpecTe, a rOJI013Y, Haoam,3a-
MMpoBaB, OTOCJIaJIM B CY3bI R u;aplO ,D;apMIO. 'Y3HaB 06 8TOM,
,D:apMR 13bIpa3MJI C130e HeYJJ:0130JIbCTBMe rrocTyrrRoM 8TMX
J1IOJJ:eR HMeHllO 3a TO, 'ITO OHJiI He JJ:OCTaBJiIJIM TMpaHa
,HJiIBLIM rrpeJJ: ero IJ;apCRJiIe O'IJiI. fOJIOBY fJiICTJiI8H IJ;apb rro-
BeJIeJI OOMbITb, OOpHJJ:JiITb H rrpeJJ:aTb JJ:OCTORHOMY rrorpe6e-
lUIIO: fliCTJiI8R BeJJ:b ORa3aJ1 eMY JiI rrepcaM BeJIMRJiIe YCJIyrH.
TaR013 ObIJI KOHeIJ; fMCTH8H» (VI, 30).
TaR 6eCCJIaBHO 3aROH'IHJI C130R rrYTb 8'1'0'1' HOBapHbIR
THpaH, rro BJiIlle ROToporo 13 MOHHH rrpOJIMJIOCb CTOJIbRO RpO-
13M. A OTHOIlleHJiIe K He MY ,D;apJiI.H HarJIHJJ:HO JJ:ORa3LIBaeT, 'ITO
rMCTH8R, COXpaHJiIB rreperrpaBY 'Jepe3 MCTp, JJ:eRCTBJiITeJIbHO
cnac orpOMlloe rrepCJiIJJ:CRoe BORCRO 0'1' BepHOR rM6eJIM.
TaRJiIM 06pa30M, CRJiI<po-nepCJiIJJ:CRaH BORHa 3aROH'IJiIJIaCb
n030pHI:.IM 6erCTBOM L(apJiIH. IIooeJJ:a HaJJ: CTOJIb CMJIbllLIM
BparOM cnoco6CTBOBaJIa JJ:aJIbHeRilieR ROHCOJIIIJJ:aIJ;JiIJiI Bceu
CRJiI<pJiIJiI, ypenJIeHJiIIO ee MOIIJ;JiI H aBTOpJiITeTa. BOOJJ:YIlleB-
J!e!HN e 'rrOOeD:OR, KO'IeBbIe CRJiI<pLI, RaH rrOJIaraIDT nCCJIeJJ:l)-
BaTeJIM, nOJJ:'UlHHJIn ce6e JleCOCTerrHLIe rrJleMeHa, 3aTeM YCTa-
HOBJiIJIH npOTeRTOpaT HaJJ: OJlLBHeR H HHRoHHeM. A Qepe3
neROTopoe BpeMH CRH<pbI, RaR MbI YBMJJ:MM B CJIeJJ:YIOIIJ;eR
maBe, COBepIIIHmI rroxoJJ: 'Iepe3 <DpaRMIO M JJ:OIIIJIH JJ:O Xepco-
lleca <DpaKIlfIcKoro. B pe3YJIbTaTe rro6eJJ:b! HaJJ: rrepcaMH 13
aHTH'IHOM TpaJJ:HIJ;HH pOJJ:HJIaCb CJlaBa 0 CRJiI<pCROM JJ:06JIeCTM
H HerrooeJJ:HMOCTH ;)'1'01'0 HapoJJ:a.
CmU!>bI
y XepCOHeca WpaRHHCRo:rO
BepHeMCH, OJJ:H9.RO, R C06LITHHM CRH<po-rrepCHJJ:CROR BOMllbI.
l1eperrpaBMBIDHCb Qepe3 MCTP, .D;apHR rrpOIlleJI 'Iepe3 <Dpa-
!CHIO, HO yme He R BH3aHTMH, a p;aJIbilie Ha IOr, H HaHOOJIee
167

YSKOMY MeCTY reJIJIeCrrOHTa. 3p;eCh y ropoJJ:a CeCTa rr.epCH.D;- 
CRoe BOMcKO na Kopa6Hx rreperrpaBHoch 'Iepe3 rrpoHB liS 
EBponbI B A3HIO B pallOH ropO,na A6HJJ:oca. B03Bpam;eHHe He
6hmo crroKOllHhIM. MecTHbIe ImeMeHa TO H JJ:eo HarraJJ:amI 'J
na nOTperraHHoe He3a,na'Immoe BOllCKO rrepCOB. )
B03Bpam;aHCh, .D:apHM OCTaBH B EBporre 80000 cBoeroi
BOMCKa BO raBe c Mera6a30M, JJ:H Toro 'IT06bI JJ:epmaTL B\
rromIHOBeHHH HacEmeHHe rrpH6penmblx pall:OHOB. IJ;aph rro- :i
PY'IH 9TY 3ap;a'IY CBoeMY Y'ImeMY BOeHa'IahHHKY, KOTO-:
poro O'IeHh n;eHH. fOBOpH 06 aTOM, fepOJJ:OT rrpHBop;HT 'J
TaKOll: HHTepeCHLIll: ammoJJ:: «,I:(apHM co6HpacH eCTh rparra-
TbI; RaK TOJIhKO OH BCRpbm nepBbIll: rpaHaT, ApTa6an, 6paT ;i
ero, crrpOCH, 'Iero XOTeOCh 6bI eMY HMeTb B TaIWM me
KOH'IeCTBe, RaR sepeH B rpanaTe. .[(apHll: )I,e CI\a3a, '11'0
Mera6asOB B TaROM orpOMHOM I\OH'IeCTBe OH XOTeJI 6bI '
HMeTh 60hme, 'IeM nORopeHHYIO 8aJJ:Y» (IV, 143). "
11 Mera6aa orrpaBp;aJI JJ:OBepHe CBoero nOBeHTeJIH. On 
6hICTpO nORopIm Tex reeCrrOnTlIll:n;eB, KOTophle He Ohmn nR "
CTopOHe nepCOD.
RaK 7-Ke nOBeH ce6H CKH<phI, Korp;a rrepcaM
rrepenpaBHThCH 'Iepe3 I1cTp n YC0h3HYTh 01' HHX,
B03Me3p;HH?
" CRHhI ne YP;OBeTBopHmICh TaKHM HCXOJJ:OM p;e. OHH, .
KaK C006m;aeT fepoJJ:oT (VI, 40), 06'beJJ:HHHHCJ>, P;BHHYHCb.,.
EO <DpaRHIO H :p:omH JJ:O Xepconeca <DpaRHll:CRoro. C06pa- "
HCh JJ:allie rreperrpaBHThCH 'Iepe3 rrpOHB H HJJ:TH B caMY ,
TIepCHIO. Ho ,I:(apHll: rrpep;yrrpeJJ:H HX JJ:ell:CTBHH H rrpHHH .
He06xop;HMbIe MepbI - Cllier pacrrOOllieHI-IbIe rIa IIporrorrTH- .
p;e aJIHHCKHe ropO,/la. CTpa60H C006m;aeT 00 trro COBceM .:
KpaTKO: «no B03Bpam;er!HH fi3 rrOXOlla Ha CRHOB )J:-ap.!!Tlt.
npHKa3a Cllie'Ih ropOlla, Y3HaB, 'ITO KO'IeBHHKH rOTOBHTCH J
rreperrpaBHThCH 'Iepe3 rrpomm, 'IT06bI rrOTOM HanaCTh na 
Hero B OTMm;eHHe 3a rrpH'IHHeHHbIe HM 6ep;bI; rrpHTOM OH ;i
orracaCH, 'ITO 3TH ropoJJ:a MorYT npe,/lOCTaBHTh BOll:CRY CRH- i
OD Ropa6H JJ:H rreperrpaBJ"J» (XIII, 1,22). :i
fepOJJ:OT He CBH3hIBaeT RaKHe-mIOO KapaTebHbIe aI\n;HH
,D:apHH c yrpo30M CRHCKoro BTOprReHHH, a paCCRa3hIDaeT
TOhRO 0 B3HTHH nepcaMH rOpO,/lOB IIpOHOHTH,/lbI. 8TH JJ:eiA-
yTBHH OTHOCHTCH Yllie RO BpeMeHH HOHHMcRoro BOCCTa-
HH. I1epcHp;cRHe BOeHa'IabHHRH - 3HTLH L(apHH - Rapam1
HOHHH, rrpep;npHHHBmJiIX noxoll Ha Cap,/lbl. IIepcbI O,/lOJIemI
J'IOHHM:n;eB B MOpCIWM 61'lTBe, a 3aTeM pa3,/lemmHCb II nonmHi
na mTypM aHncKMX ropoJlon. 
OJIHII H3 3HTbeB )J,apnn .D:aBpHc HanpammcH npoTHB 1'0-
pOD.OB Ha reecnOHTe H cTpeMHTeJlhHO B3H )J;app;an, A6H- j

Y,/laJIOCh
H36emaB
Hi8

}J.OC, IIepRoTY, JIaMncaR M IIec. Ha IDTYPM RMR}J.Oro ropo,Qa
yXO,QMJI JlMillb O)];Mn )];eHb. IIoToM npMillJIa BeCTb 0 TOM, 'ITO
n{)CCTaJIM RapM:ihbl, TOr)];a ,JJ;aBpMC, ImR paCCRa3bIBaeT fepo-
}J.OT, nonepHYJI TY,Qa (V, 116-117). ,
TaR rrepcbI 3aXBaTMJIM MOHMMcRMe ropo)];a Ha aSMaTCROM
6epery IIpOnOHTM)];bI. IIPOM30IDJIO STO ee ,Qo na,QeHMH MII-
JreTa B 494 r. )];0 n. 3. A rr03me, nR CJIe)];YIOMM ro,Q rrOCJIe
B3HTMH MMJIeTa, HaR coo6aeT repO)];OT, T. e. B 493 r.
}J.O n. 3., MOnf,IM nepCM,QCRIIM JIOT )];BMnYJICH na ropo}J.a
€BpOrreMCHoro rrooepellibH IIpOnOHTM)];bI. OrrYCTOillMTeJIbnOM
BOJInOM rrepCbI npOIIIJIMCb no 3TOMY paMony M rrpe)];aJIM OrIHO
u;eJIbIM PH)]; rOpO)];OB. i-RMTeJIM BM31lnTMH II mMBIDMe na rrpo-
TMBOnOJIOllinOM 6epery HaJIXe)];onHne ne CTaJIM m)];aTb narra-
)];enMH, rrORMnYJIM CBOM )];OMa M crreillnO OTrrJIbWM B IIonT
8B1xCMnCRMH, r)];e nRillJIlI npMIOT B ropo)];e MeceMopMM. IIocJIe
aT oro rrepCM,QCRMM JIOT, COCTOHBillMll B ocnOBnOM M3 HnM-
RMMCRMX IWpaOJIeM, BepHYJICH B paMon Xepconeca, 'IT06.bI
3lrXBaTMT.b ropo)];a, ROTopble ne ycneJI pa3pYillMTb panee.
B CBH3M C STMMM C06bITMHMM BnOBb BCrrJI.bIBaeT MMII
MMJIbTMa)];a, CbIHa KMMona. 8TO - TOT caMbIM MMJIbTMa}J.,
TMpan xepconecu;en, ROTOpbIM no BpeMH COBeanMH Ha nepe-
rrpaBe 'Iepe3 IICTp rrpe)];JImHMJI rrOCJIe,QOBaTb COBeTY CKHOB
H pa3pYillHTb MOCT. A Terrepb on nesa)];OJIro )];0 narra)];eHHH
BpamecRoro JIOTR BOSBpaTMJICH B Xepconec. II C rrOHBJIe
HHeM rrepCOB THpan BbIHym}J.en ObIJI, RaROTMe'IaeT repo,QoT,
DnOBb 6emaTb OTCIO,Qa: «Be,Qb sa TPH rO,Qa )];0 STOro on 6:bIJI
Hsrnan cRHaMM. CRHcHMe HO'IeBble llJIeMena, pa3)];pamen-
nble BTopmenMeM n;apH ,JJ;apHH, OO'be,n:HnHJIHCb H ,QOillJIH ,n:u
Xepconeca.,- MHJIbTHa,Q ne CTaJI OmM)];aTb BTOprRemm CRHOB,
maJI B HsrnanMe, nOHa CRHbI ne YillJIH M ,QOJIOIIHH He
BepHymi ero HaSa)];» (VI, 40).
qTO me rrpe,QnpHnHJI TMpan xepconecu;eB na STOT pas?
YsnaB, 'ITO MnMHHMCI{He Hopa6JIH .D:apHH rrpH6JIMmaIOTCH,
MMJIbTMa,Q rrorpysHJI na nHTb TpHep Bce CBOM COHpOBHa M
BSJIJI RYpC na AHnbI - CBOIO pO)];Hny. Ho B OTKpbITOM Mope
ero BCTpeTHJIM <pHnHHMMCHHe Ropa6JIH. MHJIbTHa,Qy C qeTblpb-
MH Ropa6JIHMH y,n:aJIOCb rrpopBaTbcH. A IIHTbIM HOpaOJIb,
ROTOpbIM EWMaH)];OnaJI cTapillHM CbIH TMpana MeTHox, 6bIJI
SaXBa'Ien B rrJIen. <DHnHRMMn;bI, ySHaB, 'ITO B MX pYRax CbIH
MUJIbTHa,Qa, OTBeSJIH ero H ,D;apMIO, na,n:eHCb saCJIyn{MTb
neJIHI{YIO MMJIOCTb n;apH, rrOCIWJIbRY MHJIbTHa,n: npe,n:JIOlliHJI
paspyillHTb nepenpaBY 'Iepes J1CTp. O)];naRO ,D;apHM, BorrpeluI
lIX onm,n:anHHM, He npH'IHHHJl rrJIeHnMI{Y nMI{aROro 3JIa, a,
nao6oPoT, IlOH{aJIOBaJI eMY ,n:OM, nOMeCTbe H jReny nepCHHn...
{{yo .lVLHJIbTHa)]; me OJIaronOJIY'Ino )];OOpaJICH )];0 AHn.
169

-<.:..
HaK MbI Bl'J)I;IIM, MIIJII>TIIa)]; HaXO)];IIJICH B CJIOlliHOM nOJIO.. '"
l1mHIn1:. OIl 60HJICH B03Me3)];IIH II CO CTOpmIbl CKII<pOB 3a;
Y'laCTI1e B nOxo)];e npOTIIB RIIX, 11 CO CTOpOHbI ):(apMH 31t .:,'
npe)];JIonWllI1e pa3pYlUIITb nepeupaBY 'Iepe3 JilCTp. n Ta '.
II )];pyraH '60H31lb, BII)];MMO, lIe 6blJIII HanpaCHbIMII. ;
llpIIBe)];eHIlbJe CBe)];ellMH BalliHbI AJIH Hac B nepBYIO o'le<\_
peJ(1) TeM, '11'0 OHM yRa3bIBaIOT BpeMH TIOXo)];a CR<POB )];O"...t
XepCOHeca <!>paKHMClwro - 3a TPII ro)];a )];0 CODbITIIM 493 r. '
)];0 H. 9., T. e. B 496 r. ,
Bonpoc 0 npe6bIBaHIIII CKJiI<pOB BO <!>paKIII1 BbI3blBaeT,>
crropbl Y'IeHbIX. O)];H:0. IICCJIe)];OBaTeJIII C'IIITaIOT, '11'0 CRII<p bI "
npeCJIe)];OBaJIII nepCOB cpa3Y 11{B nOCJIe MX 6ercTBa 3a I1CTp. .;'
):(pyrIIe llie OTHOCHT nOXO)]; R 496-495 rr. )];0 II. 3. HTO llie 
TYT npaB?
H )];YMaIO, '11'0 np.HMOrO npeCJIe)];OBaHMH He MOrJIO 6bITI>o'
1\ 3TOfl MbICJII1 npI1BO)];HT CJIe)];YIOIqIIe cooopallieHIIH.
1. TaRof I )];aJIbHIIH nOXO)]; B 'IYlliI1e RpaH Tpe60BaJI J(JIII-
TOJIbHOM cepbe3IlOM nO)];rOTOBRII.
2, OTCTYIIIIBlUee IIepCII)];CROe BOHCKO, IIoTpenaHHoe II no- i.:
TepHBlUee 'IaCTb JIIO)];eM, Bce i!{e OCTaBaJIOCb orpOMHblM Ii
)];OCTaTO'IHO CMJIbHbIM. Jil CKM<pbl He MorJIM paCC'IIITbIBaTb Ha -,.
nODeAY, TeM 60JIee BO <!>paRMM, r)];e nepCbJ BocnpHHYJIM '<
)];YXOM II nO'lYBCTBOBaJIM ceDH YBepeHHee. :f:
3. He MMeH KOpaOJIeH, CRII<pbI He MorJIM cpa3Y llie nepe- :
npaBMTbCH 'lepe3 I1CTp. llepenpaBa IIRbIM cnoc06oM Tpe60-'-
BaJIa )];OCTaTO'IHO MHoro BpeMeHII. ,"'
4. llpM HenQCpe)];CTBeHHOM npeCJIe)];OBaHIIM CRM<pbl He,
)];aJIM 6bl nepcaM rrepenpaBMTbCH 'Iepe3 feJIJIeCnoHT. J
5. ECJIH 6bl ClnI<pbl npeCJIe)];OBaJIH nepCOB, To..)J;apMM He "
OCTaBI'lJI 6bI B EBpone 80-TbICH'IHOe BOHCRO BO rJIaBe C Mefa :,
6a30M. 31'0 3Ha'IHJIO 6bl 06pe'lb BOMHOB Ha HeMHHyeMYIO <1'
rM6eJIb. A OHH He TOJIbHO He nOr.M6JIH, HO II nOROpHJIII, RaR >:
c006IlJ,aeT fepO)];OT, pacnOJIOJ:I\eHHbIe Ha feJIJIeCnOHTe «Bce
ropo)];a, He nO)];BJIaCTHbIe nepCaM)} (IV, 144), a 3aTeM, nOJIY- ,}
'IMB npIIKa3aHHe )J;apHH, 3aXBaTHJIII B nJIeH MeCTllOe nJIeMH '
neOHOB, nepenpaB.MJIH .MX 'Iepe3 npOJIIIB 11 npMBeJIH B CapAbl. ,
fJ(e J:I.m B 31'0 BpeMH 6bJJIH CRH<pbI?1
ihH H J(pyrHe coo6paJ:IteHMH 3aCTaBJIHIOT )];YMa TI" '11'0, H3- ;'
rIIaB ):(apIUl, CKH<pbI He 6pOCIIJIHCb B a3apTe B norOHIO 3a
nepcaMH, a CTaJIII HaJIai!{IIBaTb MIIPHYIO lliM3Hb. A n03J:Ite,
B 496 r. )];0 H. 3., RaE OTMe'laeT fepO)];OT, ORH pelUIIJIU,
OTOMCTIITb 3aBOeBaTeJIHM H )];OlUJIM AO XepCOHeca. MeCTI> He'
MHoro 3an03AaJIaH. Ho 3AeCI> CJIeAyeT Tpe3BO OJJ;eHMBaTb
peaJIbHYro cIITyaJJ;HIO. Cpa3Y i!{e 6pOCMTbCH B rrorOHIO sa
noponpaBMBlUHMCH 'Iepe3 HCTp nepCH)];CI{HM BoflCROM" CI\ H <p b1 ''1
no

lIe MOrJIM. TaRaH llorOHH He AaJIa ObI CROJIbKO-HH6YAI, ony-
THMbIX pe3YJIbTaTOB. HOHeqHO, CRlI<PbI Morm-l 6bI 60JIee HJIII
MeHee onepaTMBHO nO)];rOTOBMTbCH R noxOAY, nepenpaBHTbCH
<Jepe3 I1CTp II AOrHaTb nepCOB. A '11'0 AaJIbllie? }J.JIH OTKpbI-
Toro 60H CMJIbI 6bIJIM 6bI CJIMlliKOM HepaBHhI. A MeJIRlIe
CTbIRM c <pypamMpaMlI, nepMOAlIqeCRMe HanaAeHMH no HoqaM
yme He AaBaJIH 6bI 6bIJIbIX pe3YJIbTaTOB H He onpaBAaJIH 6bI
TPYAHOCTell AaJIbHerO noxOAa B qYiIme RpaH.
A B 496 r. AO H. 3. cMTyaJJ;MH 6bIJIa B RopHe MHO!L
TIOJIbIXaJIO nJIaMH MOIIllllCIwro BOCCTaHHH npOTMB nepcHA-
CIwro rocnOACTBa. 3JIJIIIHaM YAaJIOCb Aame saXBaTMTb H cna-
JIHTb CapAbI. ):(apMj;'I cnerrTHO c06HpaJI CIIJIbI JJ;JIH nO)];aBJIeHHH
BOCCTaHMH. BOT Tm\aH 06cTaHOBRa Ra1\ HeJIbSH JIyqlli6 6JIaro-
npMHTCTBOBaJIa BbJCTynJIeHIIIO npoTHB nepcoB. 11 CRH<pbI BOC-
nOJIbSOBaJIMCb TaRMM YA06HbJM CJIyqaeM M JJ;BHHYJIIICb H feJI-
JIeCnoHTY.
CRM<pbJ BbIHamMBaJIM )];aJIeRO I'fAY1II;Me nJIaHbI. OHH 3a-
I,JIIOqMJIM COI03 co CnapTOM H AorOBOpMJIMCb COBMeCTHO BhI-
crynHTb npoTMB nepcoB: cnapTaHJJ;bI - co CTOpOHLI feJIJIec-
nOHTa, a CKM<pbI - qepes 3aRaBRa3be. fepO)];OT nIDlieT 06
::nOM CJIe)];YIOlI\ee: «Be)];b MS-3a Toro, '11'0 ):(apMM BToprCH I
IlX cTpaHy, CRH<PbI-ROqeBHIIKH nOCJIe 3Toro 3aJJ;yMaJIH eMY
OTOMCTHTb. OTnpaBMB TIOCOJIbCTBO B CrrapTY, A,JIH Toro qT06bI
3aRJIIOqMTb BoeIIHbIll COI03, OHII TIbITaJII1Cb )];OrOBOpHTbCH 0
TOM, qTO caMHM CRHq,aM CJIe)];OBaJIO 6bI nOIEbITaTbCH DTopr-
rrYTbCH B MIIAHIO B03JIe peRM <DacIiIc; a crrapTaHueB OHII
gOJIiIUIbI 6bIJIH y6e)];IITb BbIcTymITb 1I3 3q,eca, ABIIHYTbCH
DHYTPb MaTeplII\a H 3aT8M BCTpeTI1TbCH C HIIMII B O)J;HOM II
TOM iI{e M..£.8'e. fOBOPHT, qTO IWr)];a CRII<pbI )];JIH 8Toro IIPH-
--,Q., f\JIeOMeH CJIlImHOM qaCTO C HHMII 06lI\aJIcH. 06lI\aHCb
me C HHMH 60JIbIlIe, qeM CJIe)];OBaJIO, OH RaY'lHJICH y HIIX
IlHTb Hepas6aBJIeHHoe BHRO. H 01' :'JToro, RaR CqHTaIOT CIIap-
TaRJJ;bI, OR ComeJI C YMa. C 3TOI'O BpeMemr, RaR OHH caMII
paCCRa3bIBaIOT BCHRlIll pas, ROr)];a XOTHT BbIllHTb BHHa no-
Kperr'ie, roBOPT: "HaJIell no-cKH<pcRII"» (VI, 84).
LIeM 3aROH'IlIJIlICb 3TH neperOBopbI, MbI He 3HaeM. BHAII-
MO, CRH<pbI H crrapTaHJJ;bI He npHlliJI R e.n;llHOMY MHeHllIO.
n fIJIaHbI 0 COBMeCTHbIX BoeRHbIX )];ellCTBHHX He OCYll\eCTBH-
JIHCb.
B 3TOll CBH3H o6paru;aeT Ha ce6H BHIIMaIUIe TOT <paRT, qTO
II83a)];OJIrO )];0 CRI!<pOB 3a nOMonbIO I{ cnapTaJ-IIJ;aM 06panaJI-
CH nlpaR MHJIeTa ApHCTarop, TOT caMbIM ApHCTarop, 1\01'0-
phIM rrO)];HHJI I10RHJ,'ICIwe BoccTalnw npOTliB nepCOB. OR IIPH-
5hIJI B CnapTY H oopanI,:rCH I{ [(apIO CTaROH peqbIO:
«H,rreoMeH! He y)];I1BJIHHCH, '11'0 H CTOJIb nocrr8IIIHO npH-
in

; ,
6bIJI CIOAa. Harne rrOJIOJ:IteHlle ynmcHo. To, 'no MbI, AeTnf
BOHlIH, CTaJIB B3 cB060;n;HbIX JIIOAeH Terrepb pa6aMll -- BeJ.l,II-'r
1JaHmllH II030p II Clwp6b He TOJIbRO HaM caMBM, no H AJIR
Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX BJIJIllHOB, B oc06eHIlO J(JIH Bac, rrOTOMY qTO'M
RbI C1'OllTe BO rJIaBe 8JIJIaAbI. IloBTOMY 3aRJIllHaIO Bac BJI';:
JlHHCRllMll 60raMH: crraCllTe e;n;llHORpOBHbIX ll0HHH OT pa6CT-i
'.
n;)! SToro BbIJIerIW MOJ:I\eTe ;n;06llTbCH. Be;n;b napBapbI BOBCe ':
Be OTJIllqaIOTClI MymecTBoM, BbI me J(OCTllrJIll BbIcmell BoeH. i'fJ
HofT ;n;06JIeCTll. A cpantaIoTCH BapBapbI BOT TaK: y HUX eCTL::
JIYI\M II IwpOTRlle I\orrbH, B 60iI ll;n;YT B mTaHax, C OCTPO-l:
13epXHMliI marrRaMM Ha rOJIOBe. Il03TOMY BbI JIerIW MomeTe';"
OAOJIeTl, llX» (V, 49) .:
,[(aJIee, wiI\ paCCRa3b:maeT fepo;n;OT, ApllCTarOp paCrrllCbI-\t
Ba.)] 60raTCTBa J:I\llBYlI\liIX B A3llH HapOAOB II n;apCI\Me COKpo-I
InIln:a B CY3ax. ECJIIr Bb[ 3aBOlOeTe BTOT roPOA, BOCJ\JIllImYJI'
TI1 paH, TO CMeJIO MOJ:I\eTe crropHTb B 60raTCTBe C CaMllM ,:0
3encoM. IhITepecHO 3aMeTllTb rrorrYTHo, qTO rrpll 3'rOM Apll-'
cTarop <<IIpllHeC C c060ro MeAHYro J(OCI\Y, rAe 6bIJIa BbIpe-:'
3ana IwpTa BcefI 3eMJIll, a TaRn,e BCHRoe Mope II peRH» n: r -
IIOIW3bIBaJI, rAe 06llTaIOT HapOJ(bI, 0 KOTOpbIX llJ(eT peqb. '
Ho HJleOMeH OTRa3aJICH rrpHiirTll Ha nOMOlI\b ll0HllHn;aM;
",,-
He rrOMOrJIll Hll 3aKJIllH8,HllH 3JIJIllHCRliIMll 60raMll, HU jf\I1BO,t.-
TperrelI\YlI\He CJIOBa 0 BeJIllqallIUeM rr030pe II cKop6H, HIl Ha-'..
IIOMllHalme 06 eAllIlOI\pOBllliI, Hll paCCR8.3bI 0 6eCqllCJIeHHbIX[
COI{pOBllrrrax. HllqTO He TPOHYJIO cepAn;e crrapTaHcRoro n;apH;"
Ero CMYTHJIO TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO, qTO CY3bI HaXOAHTCH
CJIIIIUKOM AaJIeRO OT MOpH. 11 OTBeT ero 6bIJI TaROB: «,Z:(pyr
n3 MHJIeTa! IlOKHHb CrrapTY AO 3axoAa COJIHn;a! TbI XOqemb"
3aBeCTH JIaKeAeMOHHH B 3eMJIIO Ha paCCTOHHiH! TpeXMeCHq,
Horo rrYTll OT MOpH: BTO COBepmeIlHO HerrplleMJIeMOe Y.CllO-;'-
Blle AJIH HllX 1» (V, 50). ", 
TaR JIaRep,eMOIIHHe 6pOCnJIIiI ll0I1lllln;eB Ha rrpOll3BOJI 
CYAb6bI, TOqHee, Ha paCTl3p3alme nepcaM. A rrpllMll o
rrpeAJIOmeHne ApllCTarOpa, I\TO 3HaeT, HaBepHoe, He 6bIJIO 61,1,
rrOTOrrJIeBO B RpOBll llOIIIIHCRoe BOCCTaIIIIe, II llHaqe 6bI CJIO-,J
mllJIllCb llCTOpH'IeCRlle cyp,b6bI MHOrllX Hapop,oB J(peBHeroq
Cpep,H3eMHoMopbH. ' ,,
Terrepb XOqeTcH 06paTllTb BHllMaHlle qllTaTeJUI BOT Ha :;'-
qTO. I1oHlllln;bI rrOJJ;IIHJIll BOCCTaHlle rrpOTllB rrepCllp,CKOro roc-i
rrOACTBa. II llMeIUIO B BTO BpeMH Cl\llcpbI 3a;n;YMaJIll OTOMCTHTL'
rrepcaM sa p,.aBHee HameCTBlle. CJIyqaHHO JIll 8TO COBrraAe-
Hlle? Bep,b ll0Hlllln;bI 06paTnJIHCb 3a rrOMOlI\blO B CrrapTY, HO
He nOJIyqllJIll rrop,p,epJ:ItRH. TIoCJIe 3Toro Cl\llcpbI rrbITaJIllCb-
SaRJIlOqllTb COIOS rrpOTllB nepCOB C TOll me CrrapTOll. IIoqeMY"
i
.172
,

OWITb CrrapTa? He rro COBeTY JIM ApIICTaropa 06paTIIJI1ICh
ClmWbI R TOMY i!{e HJIeOMeHY?
Bce aTO HaTaJIKIIBaeTcH na rrpe)];rrOJIOmeHIIe 0 TOM, 'ITO
lV!IIJIeT, rrO)];HHB HOHIriIcRoe BOCCTaHIIe, 06paTHJICH 3a no-
MOIIJ;blO R CRHwaM. JJ;JIH 9Toro Y MHJIeTHH ObIJIO )J;OCTaTO'InO
OCI-IOBaHI1I1. BeL\b 9JIJlIUICKIIe ropo)];a B CImWIIII 6bIJIII OCHO-
BanbI IIMeHno MIIJIeTOM. Bce OHII nO)];)];epmIIBaJIM TeCHbIe
9ROHOMIIqeCKI:Ie CBH3H RaR co CBoeH MeTpOrrOJIIIeH, TaR H C}
l\ieCTHbIMH rrJIeMeHaMII. A na paI-IHeM 9Tarre pOJIb MHJIeTa
D i!m3HII ceBepOrrpIIqepHOMOpCRIfX £'OpOP:OB 6bIJIa oc06eHIIO
BeJIHKa. HaII60.rree TeCHbIe 9KOIIOMI'[qecRHe, KYJIbTypHbIe H,
I-Ia)];o rrOJIaraTb, rrOJIIITIIqeCKIIe CBH3H C MlfJIeTOM rrO)];)];epJIUI-
BaJIa OJIbBIIH. C )];PyroH CTOpOHbI, OJIbBIIH 6bIJIa )];OBOJIbHO
TeCHO CBH3aH8 co CKHWCRHM IJ;apCTBoM. TaR qTO, MIIJIeT
BrrOJlIIe Mor C rrOMOII(blO OJIbBIIII 06paTFfTbCH 3a nOMOII(blO Ii
CKII4>CRIIM npaBHTeJIHM. TeM 60JIee qTO rrOMOII(b Tpe60BaJIaCh
)];JIH 60pb6bI npOTIIB o6II(ero Bpara.
11 CKIIWbI OTKJIHRHYJIHCb I-Ia rrpH3bIB HOHHWIJ;eB. OHII BbI-
cTyrrIIJIII npOTIIB JJ;apIIH II )];OIUJIII )];0 XepCOHeca <DpaKIIw-
CRoro. Ho )];aJIbHeHIUIIe HX )];eHCTBIIH He rrpHHeCJIM nmJIae-
MbIX ycneXOB. IIeperrpaBIITbCH qepe3 npOJIIIB CKIIq,aM He
y)];aJIOCb. n aeperOBopbI co cnapTaHIJ;aMH He )];aJIJiI UYi!{lIbIX
pe3YJIbTaTOB. B pe3YJIbTaTe CrraCTJiI BOCCTaBIUIIH MUJIeT CKM-
waM He y)];aJIOCb. fopo)]; rraJI no)]; HaTIICKOM MHDrOqIICJIeIIHO-
ro rrepCII)];CKOrO BOHCKa.
Ho IIOXO)]; CRMWOB 130 <DpaRIIIO HeJIb3H Ha3BaTb Hey)];aq-
HbIM. OH eII(e pa3 rrpop:eMOHCTpJiIpOBaJI 6oenYIo MOII(b CRII-
<pOB II 13 3HaqIITeJIbIIOW Mepe OXJIa)];MJI 3aBOenaTeJIbCRIIW IIbIJI
nepCOB. _..r'-

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ROM CJIY'Iae OYAYT rreperrYTaHbI AaTlfpOBRIif OO'beRTOB lIOA
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178

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rpY3 IWpaOJIH, qaIQe Bcero aMopbL BOJIl,moc CIWIIJICIlIIe Qe-
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179

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MbIe MapmpYTbI? Rorp;a HaqaJIMCb rrJIaBaHMH qepe3 OTRpbIToe
Mope? RaRMe 6bIJIM RpaTRMe rrYTH "Jepe3 qepl-IOe Mope? Cy-
m:eCTBOBaJIM JIM RHTM"IHbIe RapTbI? KaRMe ROpaOJIM 6bIJIM Y
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M p;pyrMx ropop;OB.
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180

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181

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BaHL) - MbIC )J,mapbIJIraq (AXIIJIJIOB Bel') - MLIC TeH1\pa
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B TOM "IMCJIe IIOp,BOp,IIbIX.
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182

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BopMccpeHY, TaHaMcy H P;PyrI1M peKaM rrpaKTH'IeCKII Ha BceM
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HbIX IIp06JIeM. Bce 81'0 B l(eJIOM IIOMOI-KeT HCCJIep:OBaTeJIHM
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MI1pa - HCTOpI1W, HaCblm:eHHYID MHorHMH BeJIHKI1MH C06bITIIH-
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MIIpOBOii HCTOpHR. CJIaBa 0 CKI1cpax KaK JJ;o6JIeCTHOM, HeIIO-
6ep;IIMoM HapoJJ;e IIepenU1JIa I1X B BeKax.
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O'IKpbITIIH. fJIaBHOe CJIOBO 3JJ;eCb sa apXeOJIOrIIeiJ:. ,IJ,aJIbHeM-
183

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raHOB e/IWrOp;HO IIOIIOJIHHIOT I-Iamy 60raTYlO IICTO-qHHROBep;-
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nepep; y-qeHbIMH aap;a-q, nm:pOROe npllBJIe-qerme p;aHHbIX eCTe-
CTBeHHbIX II TO-qHbIX HaYR 3Ha-qHTeJIbHO 060raaIDT HMelO-
YlOCH 6a3Y. II (<IIeMb!e» Ha IIepBbIM B3fJIJlP; apXeOJIOrH"IeCRlle
IICTO"IIIHRH p;aIDT HaM Bce 60JIbme H 60JIbme caMOM pa3l-I006-
p33HOlI n;eHl-IOM HH<popMan;llll.
Ha 9TOM H 3aBepmaeTCH Harne IIYTemeCTBHe B 33rap;0"IHYlO
CRII<pllJO. OrpaHH-qeHHbIM 06'beM He II03BOJIHJI IIOJIHee OXBa-
THTb neROTopble CTOpOHbI MHororpaHIIOM CIlli<pCROM HCTOpllH
II reorpa<pIU1. IIOJIHOCTbID 9'1'0 II IreB03MomHO: paCCMaTpIIBae-
MaH TeMa npaRTM-qeCIUI Hellc-qepnaeMa. HeMCCHRaeM' II MHTe-
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HlOlO MCTOpMlO I-IameM CTpaHbr!

JIHTepaTypa
!J!'
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