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no CTaHQHSlM H MarnHHHCTOB nOKoMoTHBOB, nHrnaSi HX HHOpMaQHH 0 noe3.n;HO:H cHTyaQHH. Bcne.n;-
CTBHe 3Toro OHH cOBeprnalOT ornH6KH no ynpaBneHHIO L1BH:>KeHHeM, qTO npHBo.n;HT K aBapHSIM H
KpyrneHHSlM. Or.n;enbHbIe HapyrneHHSI B X03S1:HCTBe CU:E no CBOHM TparnqeCKHM nOCneL1CTBHSlM BnH-
caHbI qepHO:H CTpOKO:H B neTonHCb :>Kene3Ho.n;opO:>KHOrO TpaHcnopTa H HaL10nrO oCTaHyrcSi B naMSITH
HecKonbKHX nOKOneHH:H KaK HarnSl,[{HbI:H YPOK 6e30TBeTCTBeHHoCTH H npeHe6pe:>KeHHSI npaBJUlaMH
3Kcrrnya T aIlHH YCTpO:HCTB CU:E.
XapaKTepHbIMH He.n;OCTaTKaMH B opraHH3aQHH 06cnY)KHBaHHSI YCTpO:HCTB CU:E H OCHOBHbIMH
npHqHHaMH OTKa30B H cnyqaeB 6paKa SlBnSlIOTCSI:
- nepeBepTbIBaHHe H no.n;nHTKa pene;
- YCTaHoBKa nepeMblqeK, He npe.AYCMOTpeHHbIX L1e:HCTBYlOlQe:H .n;OKYMeHTaQHe:H;
- ynpaBneHHe npH60paMH CU:E C nynbTa 6e3 pa3perneHHSI ,ZJ;cn IUIH noe3.n;Horo .AHCneTlIepa;
- BMernaTenbCTBO B .n;e:HCTBHSI pa60THHKOB, 3aHHMalOlQHXCSI npHrOTOBneHHeM Maprnpyra npH
HeHcnpaBHOCTSIX IUIH BbIKnlOqeHHH YCTpO:HCTB;
- BbIKJIlOqeHHe YCTpO:HCTB H3 3aBHCHMOCTH 6e3 pa3perneHHSI ,ZJ;cn IUIH nOe3L1Horo L1HCneTqepa;
- pa31>e.n;HHeHHe OCTpSlKOB 6e3 COOTBeTCTByIOIIIero cornaCOBaHHSI H OOpMJIeHHSI;
- HeBbIIIonHeHHe KOHTponbHbIX npOBepOK nocne BKnlOqeHHSI YCTpO:HCTB B L1e:HCTBHe (COOTBeT-
CTBHe nOnO:>KeHHSI crpenKH nOnO:>KeHHIO crpenOqHO:H PYKOSlTKH H KOHTponlO Ha nynbTe, HeB03MO:>K-
HOCTb nepeBo.n;a crpenOK npH HCKYCCTBeHHO 3aHSITOM H30nHpOBaHHOM yqaCTKe H .n;p.);
- CpbIB nnoM6 OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KHonOK, a TaK:>Ke Kyp6ene:H 6e3 HanHqHSl3anHCH 06 3TOM L1e:>KYP-
Horo no CTaHQHH HnH nepee3L1Y;
- nOBblrneHHe HanpSl:>KeHHSI Ha nYTeBOM pene L{JISI KOHTponSi CB060L1HOCTH penbCOBO:H QenH;
- HecBoeBpeMeHHoe 06HapY:>KeHHe OTXOL1a OCTpSlKOB OT paMHbIX penbCOB Ha crpenKax;
- ornH6KH H HeTO'lHOCTH npH OOpMJIeHHH 3anHCe:H 0 BbIKJIlOqeHHH YCTpO:HCTB;
- Hey.n;oBneTBOpHTenbHoe Co.n;ep:>KaHHe 3neMeHTOB penbCOBbIX Qene:H, B TOM qHCne .n:poccenbHbIX
H 6YTne:>KHbIX nepeMblqeK, CTbIKOBblX COeL1HHHTene:H;
- HapyrneHHe TeMnepaTypHoro pe:>KHMa no npHqHHe HeBbIKJIlOqeHHSI 060rpeBa BHYTPH pene IUIH
HecBoeBpeMeHHoro BKJIlOqeHHSI 060rpeBa B oceHHe-3HMHH:H nepHo.n;;
- H3noMbI, no.n;rap H 3p03HSI KOHTaKToB, HeKaqeCTBeHHaSi na:HKa BbIBO.n;OB H BHYTpeHHH:H 06PbIB
06MOTOK;
- np060:H .AHO)J:OB, HapyrneHHe KOHTaKTa B rnTencenbHbIX p03eTKaX H pa31>eMaX;
6

- 3KcnnyaTaQHSI Ka6eneH: H MOHTIDKa YCTpOH:CTB 3U: C nOHH>KeHHbIM conpOTHBneHHeM H30nSl-
QHH;
- OTCYTCTBHe .n:on>KHOrO KOHTpOilll co CTOpOHbI .n:HCneT'IepCKOro annapaTa 3a COCTOSlHHeM Ka6e-
illI C nOHH>KeHHOH: H30nSlQHeH:;
- HenpaBJUIbHOe HaHeceHHe pHCOK Ha KOHTponbHbIX nHHeH:KaX, HanHqHe nlOl]noB BbIIIIe HOpMbl
B IIIapHHpHbIX COe,L(lIHeHMSIX pa60qMX H KOHTponbHbIX TSir crpen01JHblX nepeBo.n:OB;
- Hey.n:OBneTBOpHTenbHoe co.n:ep>KaHHe CTpenOqHbIX 3neKTponpHBo.n:OB H rapHMTYP;
- He.n:OCTaTOqHbIH: KOHTponb 3a HcnonHHTenbCKOH: .AHCQHIUIHHOH: 3KclUlyaTaQHOHHoro nepCOHa-
na npH TeXHHqeCKOM 06cnY>KHBaHHH H peMOHTe YCTpOH:CTB CU:E.
Cne.n:yeT oc060 OTMeTHTb 3HaqHMOCTb B 06ecneqeHHH 6e30naCHOCTH .n:BM:>KeHMSI penbCOBbIX Qe-
neH:. CO .n:HSI B03HHKHOBeHMSI aBTOMaTHqeCKHX CHCTeM perynHpoBaHHSI.n:BH>KeHHSI noe3.n:OB H.n:O
HaCTOSlIIIero BpeMeHH penbCOBbIe QenH npH HX HeHcnpaBHOCTSIX OCTalOTCSI OCHOBHbIMH «BHHOBHH-
KaMH» HapYIIIeHHH: pa60TbI CHCTeM CU:E. Ha.n:e>KHOCTb penbCOBbIX QeneH: BO MHorOM 3aBHCHT OT
co6mo.n:eHMSI rrpaBJUI HX <;o.n:ep>KaHMSI He TonbKO pa60THHKaMH X03S1H:CTBa CU:E, HO H pa60THHKaMH
X03S1H:CTB nyrn H 3neKTpOCHa6>KeHHSI. HaH60nbIIIee qHCnO OTKa30B (.n:o 65 %) annapaTHbIX cpe.n:CTB
3KcrrnyaTHpyeMbIX CHCTeM aBT06noKHpoBKH, aBTOMaTHqeCKOH: nOKOMOTHBHOH: CHrH3nM3aWIH H 3neK-
TPHqecKOH: QeHTp3nM3aQHH npHxo.n:HTCSI HMeHHO Ha OTKa3bI penbCOBbIX QeneH:, H3 KOTOpbIX nopSUI:-
Ka 45 % - Ha H30nHpYIOIII;He CTbIKH H OKono 20 % - Ha CTbIKOBbIe coe.n:HHHTenH. OTK3.3bI H30nH-
PYIOIII;HX CTbIKOB SlBnSlIOTCSI cne.n:CTBHeM HapYIIIeHHSI HX H30illlQHH (czoHa H30nHpYIOIII;HX CTbIKOB), a
OTK3.3bI CTbIKOBbIX COe.AHHHTeneH: - HX 06pbIBOB. EonbIIIYIO onaCHOCTb TaSiT B ce6e OTK3.3bI 3neKT-
pOnpMB0L10B QeHTp3nM30BaHHbIx cTpenoK. OHH npoHcxo,WIT B OCHOBHOM M3-3a HapyrneHHH: KOHTaK-
Ta B aBTonepeKnlOqaTene (60nee 50 %), HeHcnpaBHocTH 3neKTp0L1BHraTenSi (30 %) H MeXaHHqec-
KOH: nepeL1aqH (3 %). O.n:HHM H3 qaCTO nOBTopSlIOIII;HXCSI HapYIIIeHHH: SlBnSleTCSI HenpaBJUIbHOe pac-
nOnO>KeHHe KOHTponbHbIx nHHeeK npH YCTaHoBKe MnH peMoHTe crpenOqHbIX 3neKTponpHBo.n:oB.
,D;orrycKalOTcSI OTK3.3bI TeXHMqecKMX Cpe.n:CTB H no pmxy.n:pyrnx npHqHH. TIpH 3KclUlyaTaQHH Ba>KHO
3HaTb 3TH cna6bIe 3BeHbSlM CBoeBpeMeHHO npe.n:ynpe>K.D:aTb B03MO>KHbIe HeHcnpaBHOCTH. Ba>KHO
TaK>Ke 3HaTb, KaK Ha.n:o .n:eH:CTBOBaTb npH YCTpaHeHHH HeHcnpaBHOCTeH:, He HaHOCSI yrp03bI 6e30-
naCHOCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI.
HecMOTpSl Ha npHHHMaeMbIe )J;enapTaMeHToM aBTOMaTMKH H TeneMexaHHKM MepbI no 03.n:OpOB-
neHHIO H Mo.n:epHH3aQHH YCTpOH:CTB CU:E, KOpeHHbIM 06pa30M nOKa He H3MeHJUIaCb 06CTaHOBKa co
CTapeHHeM cpe.n:CTB >Kene3Ho.n:opO>KHOH: aBTOMaTHKH H TeneMexaHHKH. Ha CeTH >Kene3HbIX .n:opor
HaXOL1S1TCSI B 3KcnnyaTaQHH CBepx HopMaTHBHoro cpOKa cnY>K6bI 31,3 % cTpenoK 3neKTpHqeCKOH:
QeHTp3nM3al(HH H 16,3 % KJUIOMeTpOB aBTOMaTHqeCKOH: 6noKHpoBKH. Eonee 41 % CpeL1CTB aBTOMa-
THqeCKoro KOHTpOilll COCTOSlHHSI no.n:BH>KHOro COCTaBa Ha XO.n:Y He 06ecne'lllBalOT nepe.n:aqy HHOp-
MaQHH MaIIIHHHcry nOKOMOTHBa C nOMOIII;blO CHrH3nbHOrO YK3.3aTenSi HnH no peqeBOMY HHopMa-
TOPy 0 H3nHqHH B nOe3L1e HeHcnpaBHOCTH. YXYL1IIIaeTCSI ypOBeHb no.n:rOTOBKH 06cnY>KHBalOIII;ero
nepCOHana, nOBbIIIIaeTCSl3HaqeHHe «qenOBeqeCKOrO aKTOpa». POCT BaH.D:3nH3Ma eIII;e 60nee YC-
nO>KHSIeT CHT}'al(HIO.
O.AHOH: H3 rnaBHbIX 3a.n:aq >Kene3H0L10pO>KHOrO TpaHCnOpTa B ycnoBMSIX ero peopMHpOBaHHSI SlB-
illIeTCSI B nepBYIO oqepe.n:b 06ecneqeHHe 6e30nacHoCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI noe3.n:OB. YnyqIIIHTb nOnO>KeHHe
MO>KHO 3a CqeT npHMeHeHHSI TeXHMqecKHX CpeL1CTB C HOBbIMH YHKQHOH3nbHbIMH B03MO>KHOCTSlMH.
)J;enapTaMeHToM aBTOMaTHKH H TeneMexaHHKH onpe.n:eneHbI npHopHTeTHbIe HanpaBneHHSI P3.3-
BHTHSI X03S1H:CTBa CU:E H OHH 3aKJIIOqalOTCSI B cne.n:YIOIII;eM:
- c03daHue U 6HedpeHue H06blX MUKpOnpOl/eCCOpHblX cucmeM, n03BonSlIOIII;HX MaKCHM3nbHO aB-
TOMaTH3HpOBaTb YHKQHH yrrpaBneHMSI nepeB030'lHbIM npOQeCCOM;
- n06blweHue yp06HR uHfjJopMal/uOHHOZO o6ecnelieHuR ynpaBnSlIOIII;HX CHCTeM )J(A T, peIIIeHHe
np06neM HHOpMaQHoHHOH: 6e30nacHoCTH 3a CqeT CeTeH: nepeL1aqH L1aHHbIX H pa.n:HOKaH3na;
- c03daHue Heo6cJlY:JICU6aeMblx U MQJloo6cJlY:JICu6aeMblx TeXHHqeCKHX CHCTeM.
AHanH3 OTKa30B TeXHHqeCKHX Cpe.n:CTB H OIIIH60K TeXHHqeCKOrO H onepaTHBHoro nepCOHa-
na nOKa3an, qTO 60nbIIIHHcTBO HapYIIIeHHH: MO>KHO 6bInO npeL10TBpaTHTb, ecnH 3a.n:eH:CTBOBaTb
Te pecypcbI, KOTOpbIMH pacnonaralOT CHCTeMbI CU:E (3neKTpHqeCKaSi H .n:HcneTqepCKaSI QeHTpa-
7

nH3al{HSI, aBT06nOKHpOBKa H .n:p.), 60pTOBbIe CHCTeMbI ynpaBneHHSI If 06eCneqeHHSl6e30naCHO-
CTH HanOKOMOTHBe (KJIYE-Y, CAYT, YCABTI), HHOpMal{HOHHo-ynpaBnSlIOIl{He CHCTeMbI Ha
>Kene3Ho.n:opO>KHOM TpaHcnopTe. HaH60nbIIIHM 3eKT B03MO>KeH TonbKO npH HX COBMeCTHOM
npHMeHeHHH, HHTerpal{HH annapaTHoro, nporpaMMHoro H YHKl{HOHanbHoro 06eCneqeHHSI B
KOMlUleKCHYIO CHCTeMY ynpaBneHHSI H 06eCneqeHHSI 6e30naCHOCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI noe3.n:OB. B Ta-
KHX CHCTeMax HapMY C Tpa.n:Hl{HOHHbIMH Cpe.n:CTBaMH 06eCneqeHHSI 6e30naCHOCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI _
penbCOBblMH l{enSlMH, npOBo.n:HbIMH aHanorOBbIMH KaHanaMH CBSl3H H T..n:. - cne.n:yeT Hcnonb-
30BaTb HOBbIe CQeTqHKH oceM, pa.AHOTeXHHQeCKHe H OnTHQeCKHe Cpe.n:CTBa KOHTponSl, l{HpO-
BbIe CHCTeMbI nepe.n:aQH HHOpMal{HH, B TOM QHCne no pa.n:HOKaHany, cnYTHHKOBYIO HaBHral{HIO
H .n:p. )J;on>KHbI 6bITb B3aHMHO YBSl3aHbI YCTpOMCTBa, BbIIIonHSllOll{He nOrHQeCKlfe YHKl{HH Ha
CTaHl{HSIX H neperOHax. O.n:HaKO Tpe60BaHHSI no nOrHQeCKOMY KOHTponlO .n:eMCTBHM nepCOHana
H pa60TbI YCTPOMCTB, .n:HarHOCTHKH H nporH03HpOBaHHIO COCTOSlHHSI annapaTypbI He Moryr 6bITb
peanH30BaHbI peneMHbIMH YCTpOMCTBaMH 6e3 3HaQHTenbHbIX 3aTpaT Ha HX Mo.n:epHH3al{HIO H
CHH:>KeHHSI Ha.Ae>KHOCTH.
KOMlUleKCHaSi yrrpaBnSllOll{aSi CHCTeMa .n:on>KHa OTBeQaTb Tpe60BaHHSlM 6e30nacHoCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI
noe3.n:OB H 06ecneQHBaTb 3a.n:aHHble napaMeTpbI no HHTeHCHBHOCTH H CKOpOCTH HX .n:BH:>KeHHSI. Ta-
KaSi CHCTeMa peanH3YeTCSI KaK cOBoKynHoCTb Tpex B3aHMo.n:eMCTByIOIl{HX annapaTHo-nporpaMMHbIX
KOMlUleKCOB (pHC. 1.1):
1) lla mR2060M nOdeU:JIC1l0M cocmaee - e.n:HHaSi KOMlUleKCHaSi CHCTeMa ynpaBneHlfSi H 06ecneQe-
HHSI 6e30nacHCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI (EKC);
2) lla 6a3e cpedcme CIJE - CHCTeMa ynpaBneHHSI H 06eCneQeHHSl6e30nacHocTH (MC-CIJ,E), B
KOTOpOM pa60Ta Bcex Cpe.n:CTB CIJ,E KOHTponHpYeTCSI Cnel{H3nbHbIM yrrpaBnSllOIl{HM BbIQlfCnlfTenb-
HbIM KOMlUleKCOM (YBK);
3) lla 6a3e A CY x03RucmeaMu C Hcnonb30BaHHeM HHOpMal{HOHHbIX ClfCTeM ACY MC, ACY-
E)J; H .n:p.
TeXIlU'leCKUe cpedcmea U cucmeMbl CIJE Henocpe.n:CTBeHHo 06eCneQHBalOT BbIIIonHeHHe Tpe60-
BaHHM no 6e30nacHoCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSI noe3.n:OB. Ha BepxHeM ypoBHe - 3TO CHCTeMbI JUIcneTQepcKoro
PernOHaJIbHbIH ypOBeHb (E)J:I{Y, U:YllP...)
fl1)J, «Ypan», ACOYll, )J;HCllAPK, )J;HcrllC H p.
ACYE)J;
ACYMC
" /
1 M;1Ji 160 MIlt"
"i -,.,.
III
000
I CBo-1
IJIoPbI
PenbCOBbIe
L\enH
I nee3-11 cn-I 
JJ:pyme cpe,nCTBa
,nHarHOCTHKH
nOHAE,
)JJ1CK
PHC. 1.1. CTpYKTypa KOMnneKcHoH CHCTeMbI ynpaBneHHfl H 06eCneqeHHfl 6e30nacHocTH BH)KeHHfl
8

ynpaBneHHH H KOHTponH, BbI.n:alOII.J;He KOMaH.n:bI ynpaBneHHH K YCTpOH:CTBaM HH:>KHerO ypOBHH -
3neKTpHqecKOH: l{eIITpanH3al{HH (3U,) CTpenOK H CBeTO<pOpOB Ha CTaHIUIHX H aBTOMaTHqecKOH: 6no-
KHpOBKH (AE) Ha neperoHax, KOTopbIe, B CBOIO OqepeL1b, yrrpaBnHIOT CTpenOqHbIMH 3neKTponpHBO-
.n:aMH, nOKa3aHHHMH nYTeBbIX H nOKOMOTHBHbIX CBeTO<pOpOB.
TRZ06blU nod6U3ICHOU cocma6 HBnHeTCH O.n:HHM H3 KnlOqeBbIX 3neMeHTOB CHCTeMbI 6e30naCHOC-
TH. C06nlO.n:eHHe CKopOCTHoro pe:>KHMa Be.n:eHHH noe3.n:a H CneL10BaHHe no nOKa3aHHHM HarronbHbIX
CBeTO<pOpOB B 3HaqHTenbHOH: CTeneHH onpe.n:enHIOT 6e30naCHOCTb .n:BH:>KeHHH. CHCTeMa EKC Ha TH-
rOBOM nOL1BH:>KHOM COCTaBe C03.n:aeTCH Ha 6a3e Tpex 061>eL1HHeHHbIX Ha npOrpaMMHO-HHTep<peH:C-
HOM ypOBHe CHCTeM: aBTOBeL1eHHH noe3.n:a (YCABTI), aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO ynpaBneHHH TopM03aMH
(CAYT -U,M); KOMnneKCHoro yrrpaBneHlfH 6e:30naCHOCTblO (KJIYE- Y).
,l],nH 06eCneqeHHH 6e30naCHOCTH L1BH:>KeHHH nOe3L1a B CHCTeMY EKC .n:on:>KHa nepeL1aBaTbCH HH-
1}J0pMal{HH 0 nOKa3aHHH 6nlf:>KaH:rnero HanonbHoro CBeTo<popa, OrpaHHqeHHH CKOpOCTH, pa3perne-
HHH Ha OTnpaBneHHe, B TOM 'llIcne H npH 3arrpeII.J;alOII.J;eM nOKa3aHHH CBeTo<popa, H .n:pyrHe L1aHHbIe.
OCHOBHOH: HH<popMal{HeH:, CqHTbIBaeMOH: C EKC, HBnHeTCH TeKYII.J;ee nOnO:>KeHHe, CKOpOCTb, .n:o-
rryCTHMaH CKOpOCTb, nOKa3aHHe nYTeBoro cBeTo<popa.
rnaBHoe Ha3HaqeHHe ACY MC - 3TO aBToMaTH3HpoBaHHoe 06eCneqeHHe c06nlO.n:eHHH TeXHO-
nomH pa60TbI :>Kene3H0L10pO:>KHOrO TpaHcnopTa nYTeM c60pa, 06pa60TKH H aHanH3a cooTBeTCTBY-
lOII.J;eH HH<popMal{HH ACY)I(T C nocne.n:yIOII.J;HM B03.n:eHCTBHeM Ha CHCTeMbI MC-CU,E H EKe.
KOMnneKcHaH CHCTeMa ynpaBneHlfH, npeL1Ha3Ha qeHHaH.QJIH perneHHH KOHKpeTHbIx TeXHonorH-
qeCKHX 3aL1aq, BKnlOqaeT B ce6H ypOBHH ynpaBneHHH .n:BH:>KeHHeM noe3.n:OB; 06eCneqeHHH 3<p<p eK -
THBHOCTH CHCTeMbI ynpaBneHHH H 6e30nacHoCTH .n:BH:>KeHHH nOe3L10B.
CTarncTHKa aBapHH H KpyrneHHH: nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO B nocne.n:Hee BpeMH OHH B OCHOBHOM npo-
HCXO.n:HT Ha CTaHl{HHX. 3TO rOBopHT 0 TOM, qTO ypOBeHb TeXHHqeCKHX Cpe.uCTB 06eCneqeHHH
6e30naCHOCTH Ha CTaHl{HHX nOKa HBHO He.uOCTaTOqeH. THnOBbIe YCTpOH:CTBa 3U, B npOl{eCce YC-
TaHOBKH MaprnpyroB L1BH:>KeHlfH no CTaHl{HH He yqHTbIBalOT B nonHOH Mepe oc06eHHOCTH pa60TbI
no TeXHHqeCKO-pacnopMHTenbHOMY aKTY (TP A). BBe.ueHHe CHCTeMbI KOMnblOTepHoro Ha60pa
MaprnpyroB, oco6eHHo npH nonb30BaHHH cHCTeMoH MAJIC, n03BonHeT BBO}J:HTb orpaHHqeHHH Ha
YCTaHOBKY Tex MaprnpYToB L1BH:>KeHHH, KOTopbIe He 3aII.J;HII.J;eHbI nOrHKOH: pa60TbI 3neKTpHqeCKOH:
l{eHTpanH3al{HH. HanpHMep, npOHcrne.urnero B CBoe BpeMH KpyrneHHH Ha CTaHl{HH MOCKBa-nac-
CIDKHpCKaH 51.pocnaBCKaH Morno He 6bITb, ecnH 6bI B MOMeHT npHeMa naCCa:>KHpCKOro noe3.ua B
ropnOBHHe CTaHl{HH 6bInH 6bI 3a6nOKHpOBaHbI onaCHble MaHeBpOBbIe nepe.n:BH:>KeHHH 3aL1aHHOMY
MaprnpYTY npHeMa.
AHanOrHqHbIe ycnoBHH nOBbIrneHHH 6e30naCHOCTH .uBH:>KeHHH .n:on:>KHbI 6bITb 06eCneqeHbI npH
L10nOnHHTenbHOM OrpaHHQeHHH YCTaHOBKH MaprnpyroB npHeMa Ha CTaHl{HIO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
pacnOnO:>KeHHH 061>eKTOB H He06xoL1HMOCTH HX 3aIl{HTbI Ha CTaHl{HOHHblX nyrHX. TaKaH YCTaHOBKa
nOrHQecKHX npHOplfTeTOB B CHCTeMax PTIU, H MTIU, npe.n:YCMOTpeHa B COCTaBe nporpaMMHoro 06ec-
neQeHHH.QJIH aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHoro pa60Qero Mecra.ue:>KypHOro no CTaHl{HH (APM ,l],CTI) H pea-
nH3yeTcH npH npoeKTHpOBaHHH KaK O.n:HH H3 3neMeHTOB HepapXHQeCKOH 3aII.J;HTbI B MHoroypOBHe-
BOH CHCTeMe 6e30naCHOCTH .uBH:>KeHHH.
HHmezpup06aHHaR ynpa6J1RIOw.aR cucmeMa L10n:>KHa BbIIIonHHTb Tpe60BaHHH, npe.u1>HB-
nHeMbIe K CHcTeMaM)I(A T; 06HapY:>KHBaTb HeCOOTBeTCTBHe 3aBHCHMOCTeH YCTpOH:CTB 3U" AE
H L1pyrHe nOTeHl{HanbHO onaCHbIe cHTyal{HH; BbI.uaBaTb Ha APM ,l],HU, perHcTpHpyeMYIO BH-
3yanbHYlO H 3BYKOBYlO HH<popMal{HIO; .uHarHOCTHpOBaTb TeXHHQeCKOe COCTOHHHe YCTpOH:CTB
)l(A T, BKnlOQaH KaHanbI nepe.n:a QH HH<popMal{HH; onpe.uenHTb npe.n:OTKa3Hoe COCTOHHHe 3TH X
YCTpOH:CTB C BbI.AaQeH: HH<popMal{HH B U,eHTp MOHHTopHHra. CHCTeMa.uon:>KHa HeH.n:eHTHQHbI-
MIl MeTo.uaMH KOHTponHpOBaTb pa60TY OCHOBHbIX 3neMeHTOB HH30BOH aBTOMaTHKH (penbCO-
BbIe l{enH, CBeTo<popbI, CTpenOQHbIe 3neKTponpHBo.n:bI, KaHanbI CBH3H, AJIC H L1p.) H npH He-
06XO.n:HMOCTH nepe.n:aBaTb OTBeTCTBeHHbIe KOMaH.AbI, OTHOCHII.J;HeCH K pe:>KHMY BcnOMoraTenb-
Horo ynpaBneHHH YCTpOH:CTBaMH 3U, H AE, a TaK:>Ke perHcTpHpoBaTb .ueHcTBHH onepaTHBHo-
ro H 06cnY:>KHBalOII.J;erO nepcoHana, pa60TY TeXHHQeCKHX CpeL1CTB, pernaMeHTHbIe pa60TbI no
06cnY:>KHBaHHIO CHCTeMbI.
9

AJIropHTM pa60TbI ynpaBJUllOllIeH: CHCTeMbI .n:OJDKeH peaJIH30BaTh npHopHTeTHOCTb 06pa60TKH
HH<popMaQHH, nocTynalOII.J;eH: OT 06'beKTOB ynpaBneHHSl H KOHTponSl, B nepBYIO Oqepe.n:b Bbl):{enSlSl
HH<popMaQHIO, CBSl3aHH)'IO C HapYllIeHHeM Tpe60BaHHH: 6e30naCHOCTH, nporn03HpOBaTb pa3BHTHe
CHTyaQHH B cnyqae OTKnOHeHHSl rpa<pHKa.n:BH:>KeHHSl nOe3.D;OB OT HopMaTHBHoro C yqeTOM nOCTyna-
lOII.J;eH: OT CHCTeMbI ACOYII HH<popMaQHH.
TIpHMepHaSl CTpYKrypa ycrpOH:CTB ynpaBneHHSl Ha CTaHQlfH npHBe.n:eHa Ha pHC. 1.2. Y crpOH:CTBa
ynpaBneHHSl 06'beKTaMH H HX KOHTponSl - 3TO HH:>KHHH: HepapXHqeCKHH: ypOBeHb ynpaBneHHSl Ha
CTaHQIDlX, neperOHax H nO.D;BH:>KHbIX e.AHHHQax. 3TH YCTpOH:CTBa SlBnSllOTCSl HcnonHHTenbHbIMH cpe.n:-
CTBaMH.D:JISl peaJIH3aQHH npoQecca .n:BH:>KeHHSl noe3.n:oB H .D;aTqHKaMH nepBHqHOH: HH<popMaQHH.D:JISl
BepxHHx ypOBHeH: CHCTeMbI ynpaBneHHSl 0 COCTOSlHHH nYTeBbIx 3neMeHTOB, TeXHHqeCKHX cpe.n:CTB
nO.D;BH:>KHOrO COCTaBa H noe3.n:HOH: cHTyaQHH. B TO :>Ke BpeMSl OHH HeCYT OCHOBHYIO HarpY3KY no
6e30naCHOCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSl noe3.n:OB, .D;OCTOBepHOCTH nonyqaeMOH: HH<popMaQHH, 06eCneqeHHIO Ha-
.D;e:>KHOCTH H HenpepbIBHOCTH nepeB030qHOrO npOQecca.
CHCTeMbI nOKanbHoro Ha3HaqeHHSl npe.D;CTaBnSlIOT C060H: ypOBeHb ynpaBneHHSl Ha CTaHQHSlX,
neperOHax H nO.D;BH:>KHbIX e.D;HHHQax, BbIIIOnHSlIOII.J;H:H OCHOBHbIe nOrnqeCKHe <PYHKQHH, CBSl3aHHbIe
C 06eCneqeHHeM 6e30naCHOCTH .n:BH:>KeHHSl nOe3.D;OB. K 3TOMY ypOBHIO OTHOCSlTCSl Bce Tpa.AHQHOH-
HbIe CHCTeMbI CU,E (3U" AE, nAE, YCTpOH:CTBa orpa:>K.D:eHHSl nepee3.n:OB, AJIC H .n:p.).
.z:LrrSl 06ecneqeHHSl BbICOKOH: :>KHByqeCTH H BapHaHTHOCTH nOCTpoeHHSl YCTpO:HCTBa 3Toro ypOBHSl
.D;OJDKHbI HMeTb Mo.n:ynbH)'IO CTPYKrypy. TIpHqeM Ka:>K.D:bIH: <PYHKQHOHaJIbHbIH: MO.D;ynb .D;On:>KeH 6bITh
anrOpHTMHqecKH H TeXHHqecKH 3aKOHqeHHbIM YCTpOH:CTBOM no B03MO:>KHOCTH C e.D;HHOH: KOHCTPYK-
THBHOH:, 3neMeHTHOH: H nporpaMMHOH: 6a:30H:. YnpaBnSlIOII.J;H:H BbIqHCnHTenbHbIH: KOMlUleKC (YBK),
OTBeqalOII.J;HH: Tpe60BaHHSlM 06eCneqeHHSl 6e30naCHOCTH, SlBnSleTCSl Sl,[{pOM CHCTeMbI, BblIIonHSlIO-
II.J;HM Bee nOrHqeCKHe 3aBHCHMOCTH no KOHTponlO H ynpaBneHHIO .n:BH:>KeHHeM noe3.n:OB Ha CTaHQlfH
H neperoHax. 06'beKTHbIe KOHTponnepbI, HenOCpe.D;CTBeHHO CBSl3aHHbIe C peneH:HbIMH YCTpO:HCTBa-
MH, 06eCneqHBalOT 3aII.J;HTY OT nO:>KHOrO npHeMa Ha nOKOMOTHB CHrHanOB AJIC H3 penbCOBbIX Qe-
neH: npH cxo.n:ax H30nHpYIOII.J;HX CTbIKOB, HCKnlOqalOT C60H B pa60Te AJIC Ha crpenOqHbIX ceKQHSlX
Y Bfl3Ka C co-
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PHC. 1.2. CTpYKTypa nocTpoeHHfl CHCTeMbI ynpaBneHHfl H KOHTponfl Ha CTaHUMH
10

H B03MO)l(HOCTb npoe3.n:a 3aKpbIToro noe3.n:Horo H MaHeBpOBoro CHrnaJIa, a TaK)I(e ynpaBnSlIOT Ma-
HeBpOBbIMH nepeL1BH)I(eHHSlMH C c06nlO.n:eHHeM Tpe60BaHHH: 6e30naCHOCTH, B03MO)l(HOCTblO OTcne-
:>KHBaHHSI nepeL1BH)I(eHHH: MaHeBpOBbIX H nOe3.D:HbIX nOKOMOTHBOB, KOHTponeM 3anOJIHeHHSI CTaHuH-
OHHbIX nyreH:.
)J;HarHOCTHqecKHH: KOHTponnep H APM IIIH n03BonSilOT onpe.n:emITb TeXHHqeCKOe COCTOSlHHe,
BbISlBnSlTb OTKa3aBIIIHH: 06'beKT, L1HarHOCTHpOBaTb MeCTO HeHcnpaBHOCTH. K HHM .n:on)l(Ha nOCTY-
naTb HHopMaUHSI caMo.n:HarHOCTHKH OT MHKponpoueccopHbIX YCTpOH:CTB H y.n:aJIeHHbIX 06'beKTOB
KOHTpOnSi. POCT .n:OCTOBepHOCTH HHopMaUHH .n:OCTHraeTCSI 3a CqeT HcnOnb30BaHHSI aHaJIOrOBbIX H
.AHCKpeTHbIX CHrHaJIOB .LUISI aHaJIH3a aKTHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI 06'beKTa, qTO Be.n:eT K nOBbIllIeHHIO
6e30naCHOCTH L1BH)I(eHHSI nOe3L10B.
Bce TeXHHqeCKHe cpe.n:CTBa Ha CTaHUHH HHopMaUHOHHO 06'be.n:HHSlIOTCSI nOKaJIbHbIMH BbI-
qHCnHTenbHbIMH ceTSlMH.,[VISi 06eCneqeHHSl6ecnepe60H:HOCTH nepeL1aqH HHopMaUHH He06xo-
.AHMO npe.n:YCMaTpHBaTb KonbueBYIO CTPYKTYPY ceTH C OCHOBHbIM H pe3epBHbIM KaHaJIaMH H HC-
KJIlOqeHHeM B03MO)l(HOCTH HX Hcnonb30BaHHSI .LUISI.n:PyrHx ueneH:. JIoKaJIbHaSi BbIqHCnHTenbHaSi
ceTb (JIBC) L10n)l(Ha 06eCneqHBaTb coxpaHHOCTb H rapaHTHpOBaHHYIO .n:OCTaBKY nepeL1aBaeMO:H
HHopMaUHH B HY)I(HOe MeCTO H B 3a.n:aHHoe BpeMSI. B TaKO:H ceTH He06xo.n:HMO Hcnonb30BaTb
nOMeX03aIlJ;HIlJ;eHHOe Ko.n:HpOBaHHe H CneUHaJIbHbIe npoue.n:ypbI .LUISI 3aIlJ;HTbI HHopMaUHH npH
nepe.n:aqe. ,[VISI OrpaHHqeHlISI.n:OCTyna B HHopMaUHOHHbIe MaCCHBbI ynpaBnSlIOIlJ;eH: CHCTeMbI .n:on-
)l(HbI npHMeHSlTbCSlllInlO3bI H pa3.n:eneHHe JIBC no Ha3HaqeHHIO. CeTb JIBCl (BepxHero HHOp-
MauHOHHoro ypOBHSI) OTBeqaeT 3a BbICOKYIO .n:OCTOBepHOCTb H CBoeBpeMeHHOCTb nepe.AaqH HH-
<popMaUHH, a ceTb JIBC2, npe.n:Ha3HaqeHHaSl.LUISi 06MeHa HHopMaUHe:H Me)l(L1Y YBK H 06'beKT-
HbIMH KOHTponnepaMH (OK), OTBeqaeT Tpe60BaHHSlM 6e30nacHoCTH H HMeeT 3aIlJ;HTY OT HecaHK-
IWOHHpOBaHHOrO B03.n:e:HCTBHSI. 06'beKTHbIe KOHTponnepbI 06eCneqHBalOT 3aIlJ;HTY OT nO)l(HOrO
npHeMa Ha nOKOMOTHBe CHrHanOB AJIC H3 penbcoBblx ueneH: npH CXo.n:ax H30nHpYIOIlJ;HX CTbIKOB,
HCKnlOqalOT C60H pa60TbI AJIC Ha CTpenOqHbIX ceKuHSlX H B03MO)l(HOCTb npoe3.n:a 3aKpbIToro
noe3.n:Horo H MaHeBpoBoro CHrHana, a TaK)I(e ynpaBnSlIOT MaHeBpoBbIMH nepe.n:BH)I(eHHSlMH C co-
6mo.n:eHHeM Tpe60BaHHH: 6e30nacHoCTli.
B OTnHqHe OT 3KcnnyaTHpyeMbIx CHCTeM TpaL1HUHOHHOH: CTpYKTypbI B KOMrmeKCHOH: CHCTeMe
.n:ononHHTenbHO 3neMeHTaMH BCTpOeHHOH: .n:HarHOCTHKH KOHTponHpyeTcSI COCTOSlHHe HanonbHO-
ro 060py.n:oBaHHSI H nOToMY pe3Ko COKpaIlJ;aeTCSI ero 06'beM. npH 3TOM npe.n:ycMoTpeHbI .n:Ba no.n:-
xo.n:a peaJIH3HH C Hcnonb30BaHHeM crpYKTYP PDQ IUIH MDQ. B nepBoM cnyqae HcnonHHTenb-
HbIe YCTpOH:CTBa H OCHOBHbIe cpe.n:cTBa KOHTponSi npe.n:CTaBnSlIOT c060H: HcnonHHTenbHYIO qaCTb
peJIeH:HO:H ueHTpaJIH3aUHH C ynpaBJIeHHeM 06'beKTaMH H 3aMbIKaHHeM MapllIpyroB. Bo BTOPOM-
Bee YHKUHH, B TOM qHCJIe H 3aMbIKaHHe MapllIpYTOB, OCYIlJ;eCTBnSlIOTCSI YBK H OK, a peneH:HbIe
3JIeMeHTbI Hcnonb3YlOTcSI TOnbKO.LUISi BKJIlOqeHHSI CHJIOBbIX ueneH: H KOHTponSi COCTOSlHHSI 06'beK-
TOB.
,l],HarHOCTHqeCKH:H KOHTponnep H APM IIIH n03BonSilOT onpe.n:enSlTb TeXHHqeCKOe COCTOSlHHe,
BbISlBnSlTb OTKa3aBllIHH: 06'beKT, .n:HarHocTHpoBaTb MeCTO HeHcnpaBHocTH. POCT .n:ocToBepHocTH
HHopMaUHH L10CTHraeTCSl3a CqeT Hcnonb30BaHHSI aHaJIOrOBbIX H L1HCKpeTHbIx CHrnaJIOB.LUISi aHa-
nH3a aKTHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI 06'beKTa, qTO BeL1eT K nOBbIllIeHHIO 6e30nacHoCTH .n:BH)I(eHHSI no-
e3.n:OB.
BHe.n:peHHe KOMnneKCHOH: CHCTeMbI ynpaBJIeHHSI Ha ceTli )l(ene3HbIX .n:opor n03BonHT: CHH3HTb
KOnHqecrBo KPYIIIeHHH:, CXO.n:OB, CTonKHOBeHH:H, .n:onycKaeMbIx 6paKoB B pa60Te H TeM CaMbIM no-
BbICHTb nOKa3aTenH 6e30nacHocTH .n:BH)I(eHHSI H YMeHbllIHTb 3aTpaTbI Ha 60 % npH nHKBlI.AaUHH
nOCJIeL1CTBH:H BbIllienepe'lllCneHHbIx npoHCllIeCTBHH:; cOKpaTHTb paCXOL1bI Ha 60 % npH pa3JIHqHoro
pOL1a pa60Tax, CBSl3aHHbIX C BOCCTaHOBJIeHHeM 3KOnOrHH; CHH3HTb 3KcrmyaTauHoHHbIe paCXO.AbI no
pa:mHqHbIM X03S1H:CTBaM 3a CqeT YMeHbllIeHHSI H3.n:ep)l(eK Ha 15 % npH HermaHOBbIX peMOHTax,
yCTpaHeHHH OTKa30B B Mf)KpeMOHTHbI:H nepHO.n:; nOBbICHTb nOKa3aTeJI1I3KCIlJIyaTaIWOHHOH: pa60TbI
(yqaCTKoBYIO H TeXHHqecKYIO CKOpOCTH, BpeMSI 060poTa rpY30BbIX BarOHOB H T..n:.) Ha 5 %; YMeHb-
llIHTb ce6ecToHMoCTb rpY30BbIX nepeB030K Ha 3 %; nOBbICHTb CpOK cnY)l(6bI 3KCnJIyaTHpyeMbIx
TeXHHqecKHX CpeL1CTB Ha 10 % 3a CqeT c06nlO.n:eHMSI TeXHonorHH 3KcrmyaTaUHH.
11

1.2. XapaKTepHbIe OTKa3bI 0 ox npOHBJIeHOe B COCTeMax 3Q
C 6JIOQHbIM MOHTamOM
EnOqHaSl MapIIlpYTHo-peneHHaSl u.eHTpaJIH3au.HSI (EMPl]) SlBnSleTCSI OCHOBHbIM rnnOM 3neKTpH-
qeCKOH u.eHTPaJIH3aU.HH KpynHbIx H cpe.n;HHX cTaHu.HH. 113MeHeHHSI, KOTopbIe 6bInH BHeceHbI B TH-
nOBOH aJIb60M MPIJ:-9 no cpaBHeHHIO C aJIb60MOM TP-66, CYIll.eCTBeHHO He nOBnHIDIH Ha nOCTpoe-
Iille OCHOBHbIX cxeM, n03TOMY nporpaMMbI nOHCKa HeHcnpaBHOCTeH MO:>KHO paCCMaTpHBaTb 0.n;H0-
BpeMeHHO .n;nSl 06eHx pa3HOBH.n;HOCTeH CHCTeMbI.
OCHoBHbIe OTnHqHSI, KOTopbIe nOSlBHnMCb B THnOBOM aJIb60Me MPIJ:-9, CBO.n;SlTCSI K cne.n;YIOIlI.e-
MY: 6noK CTpenOqHOH ceKu.HH THna CTI-62 3aMeHeH Ha 6noK CTI-69 C 3aMbIKalOIlI.HM pene; BBe.n;eH
pe3epBHbIH 6noK pene HanpaBneHHH H .n;ononIillTenbHbIH Ha60pHbIH 6noK THna HTIM-69; pa3pa60-
TaHa HOBaSl YHHqmuHpoBaHHaSl cxeMa Bxo.n;Horo CHrnaJIa M BBe.n;eH PM oT.n;enbHbIx H3MeHeHHH no
CHrnaJIM3au.HM B COOTBeTCTBHH C PYKOBOMIlI.MMH YKa3aHMSlMH PY-30-72; H3MeHeHa HOMeHKJIaTypa
nonlOCOB nMTaIillSl CTaHu.HoHHOH 6aTapeH.
B CHCTeMe EMPIJ: Ha Ka:>K.n;bIe TPH CTaTHBa 6nOqHOrO MOHTa:>Ka npHxo.n;HTCSI O.n;HH CTaTHB CBO-
60.n;Horo MOHTa)l{a, qTO ycnO:>KHSleT 3KcnnyaTau.HoHHoe 06cnY:>KHBaHHe TaKoH CHCTeMbI. Cna6bIM
MeCTOM SlBnSlIOTCSI npH60pbI H TeXHonorHSI HX YCTaHoBKH. .D:ocTaTOqHO qaCTbIMH 6bIBalOT cnyqaH
nOTepH KOHTaKTOB B IIlTencenbHbIX pa3'beMaX 6noKoB. TIpH MX YCTaHoBKe Ha CTarnB rnyrcSI KOHTaK-
TbI IIiTencenbHbIx p03eToK M HapYIIlalOTcSI KOHTaKTbI B 3neKTpHqeCKHX uerrnx.
EIlI.e O)].MH CYIll.eCTBeHHbIH He.n;oCTaToK CMCTeMbI - OTCYTcTBHe HHcpopMau.HOHHoro KOHTponSl3a
COCTOSlHHeM ycrpOHCTB. TIpH 60JIbIIlOM KOnHqeCTBe annaparypbI H CnO:>KHOCTH 3neKTpHqeCKMX cxeM
3neKTPOMexaHHK, He HMeSl cpe.n;CTB BM3YaJIbHOrO KOHTPonSl3a pa60TOH U.eHTPaJIH3aI.(JfH, 3aTpaqHBa-
eT MHoro BpeMeHH Ha nOMCK H YCTpaHeHHe OTKa30B, qTO qaCTO npHBo.n;HT K 3a.n;ep:>KKe noe3.AOB H
00010 rpacpMKa .n;BH:>KeHIDI. QT06bI YCKOPHTb nOHCK OTKa30B Ha COBpeMeHHOM TeXHHqeCKOM ypOBHe,
He06xo.n;HMO HMeTb aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHoe pa60qee MeCTO 3neKTpOMexaHHKa (APM llIH). TaKoe
pa60qee MeCTO .n;on:>KHO 6b1Tb BblIIonHeHO Ha 6a3e MHKp03BM, MHKponpou.eccopHoro aBTOMaTa,
BH.n;eOTepMHHaJIa C nonHbIM nporpaMMHbIM 06eCneqeIilleM, qTO n03BonMT COKpaTHTb BpeMSI Ha no-
HCK OTKa30B H 06eCneqMTb .n;HarnocrnpOBaHMe pa60Tocnoc06HOCTM 3IJ: B OCHOBHbIX pe:>KHMaX (YC-
TaHOBKH, 3aMbiKaIillSl H pa3MbIKaHHSI MapIIlpyroB).
B 3Kcrrnyrau.HOHHbIX ycnoBHSlX B03MO:>KHbI pa3nMqHbIe OTKa3bI pa60TbI HcnonIillTenbHOH rpyn-
nbI. ):LruI: Toro QT06bI 6bICTpee Haxo.n;HTb H YCTpaIDITb OTKa3bI, cne.n;yeT XOpOIIlO 3HaTb ycnoBMSI HOp-
MaJIbHOH pa60TbI pene McnonHMTenbHOH rpynnbI.
B KaQeCTBe npOBepOK pa60Tocnoc06HOCTH CHCTeMbI 3IJ: npHMeHSlIOT 3neKTpHQeCKHe H3Mepe-
HHSI, MaHHnynSlu.HM Ha nynbTax ynpaBneHMSI, 3aMeHY 3neMeHTOB H 6nOKOB H .n;pyrHe .n;eHCTB}iSl 06-
cnY:>KHBalOIlI.ero nepCOHaJIa. KaK npaBHno, nOHCK HeHcnpaBHoCTH HaQHHalOT C npOBepKH HaH60nee
BepOSlTHbIX nOBpe)l{.AeHHH. PenbcoBbIe u.enH SlBnSlIOTCSI O.n;HHMH H3 HaH60nee pacnpoCTpaHeHHbIx,
HO H MeHee Ha.n;e:>KHbIX YCTPOHCTB :>Kene3Ho.n;opO:>KHOH aBTOMaTHKH. Oc06eHHoCTb penbcoBoH uenH
COCTOHT B TOM, QTO ee 3neMeHTbI npOCTpaHCTBeHHO pa306Il1.eHbI: QaCTb H3 HHX pacnOnO:>KeHa Ha
noCTY, r.n;e MMelOTCSI xopOIIlHe ycnoBHSI.n;nSl Ha6nlO.n;eHHSI H H3MepeHMH; .n;pyraSl QaCTb 3neMeHTOB
HaXO.AHTCSI Ha none, r.n;e M3MepeHHSI H Ha6nlO.n;eHMSI 3aTpy.n;HeHbI. B OCHOBHOM OTKa3bI nOCTOBOH
annaparypbI COCTaBIDIIOT He3HaQHTeJIbH)'lO QaCTb OT 06Il1.ero QHCna OTKa30B penbCOBOH u.enH H HMelOT
HaHMeHbrnylO BepOSlTHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI. EonbIIlHHCTBO OTKa30B peJIbCOBOH u.enH CBSl3aHO C no-
BbIIIleHHeM 3aTyxaHHSI penbCOBOH nHHHH, KOTopoe npOHcxo.n;HT B pe3ynbTaTe 06pbIBOB CTbIKOBbIX
COe.AHHHTeneH M .n;:>KeMnepOB, HapYIIleHHSI H30nSlu.HH H30nHpYlOIlI.HX CTbIKOB, nOHH:>KeHHSI conpo-
THBneIillSl6aJIJIaCTa. TIOHCK HeMcnpaBHOCTH cne.n;yeT HaQHHaTb C npOBepOK Ha noCTY, nOTOMY QTO
.n;nSl HX npOBe.n;eHHSI TPe6yeTcSI He3HaQHTenbHoe BpeMSI. B KaQeCTBe nepBOH npOBepKH BbI6HpalOT
HaH60nee npoCTO BblIIonHSleMoe M3MepeHHe. TonbKO nocne npOBe.n;eIillSl Bcex He06xo.n;HMbIX M3Me-
peHHH Ha nocry nepexo.n;SlT K H3MepeHHSlM Ha HanonbHbIX ycrpOHCTBax.
K HaM60nee OTBeTCTBeHHbIM YCTpOHCTBaM 3IJ: OTHOCSlTCSI u.eHTpaJIM30BaHHbIe CTpenKM, BKJIIO-
QalOIlI.He B ce6S1 CTpenOQHbIH nepeBO.A, 3neKTponpHBO.A H cxeMY ynpaBneHHSI. HeHcnpaBHOCTH CTpe-
nOQHOrO nepeBo.n;a CBSl3aHbI C ero 3arpSl3HeHHeM, MeXaHHQeCKHMH nOBpe)l{.AeHHSlMH 3neMeHTOB H
12

pa3perynHpoBKOM HX KpenneHMM. B 3neKTponpHBo.n;e OTKa3bI qaI.Qe Bcero CBSI3aHbI C nOTepeM KOH-
TaKTa B aBTonepeKJUOqaTene (HlmeBeHHe H 06ne.n;eHeHHe KOHTaKTOB, HapyrneHHe perynHpoBKH, H3-
nOM) H C HeHcnpaBHOCTSlMH 3neKTpo.n;BHraTenSl (06pbIB 06MOTOK SlKOpSl, HeHcnpaBHOCTb I.QeTOqHoro
ycrpOMCTBa H .n;p.). CxeMbI yrrpaBneHHSI CTpenOqHbIMH :meKTponpHBO.AaMH co.n;ep:>KaT pene H HX KOH-
TaKTbI, pe3HCTopbI, KOH.lIeHcaTopbI H TpaHc<popMaTopbI,.n;IDI 06HapY:>KeHHSI OTKa30B KOTOpbIX crpo-
SlTCSI cneu.HanbHble .n;HarpaMMbI nOHCKa HeHcnpaBHOCTeM. 3neMeHTbI cxeMbI ynpaBnem-1SI CTpenKOM
TaK:>Ke pacnonaralOTCSI Ha noCTY H Ha none.
B .AByxnpOBo.n;HOM cxeMe ynpaBneHMSI CTpenOqHbIM 3neKTponpHBo.n;OM Ha nynbTe ynpaBneHHSI no-
CTa HMeIOTCSI: crpenOqJU,IM KOMM)'TaTOp,lJ)Ul MH)J;HBH.DYanbHoro yrrpaBneHHSI; BCnOMOraTeJIbHIDI KHonKa
,lJ.JUI nepeBo.n;a crpenKH npH BbIKJIlOqeHHOM nHTaHHH crpenOqHOM ceKIIHH, B KOTOpyIO BXOLUIT 3Ta crpen-
Ka; naMnbI KOHTponSl nOnO:>KeHMSI crpenKH; 3BOHOK,lJ)UI <pHKcaU.HH <paKTa nepeBo.n;a crpenKM M aMnep-
MeTp, H3MepSlIOI.QHM TOK B u.enH CTpenOqHOrO :meKTp0.ABHraTenSl. B peneMHOM nOMeI.QeHHH B crpe-
nOqHOM 6nOKe C H rryCKOBOM crpenOqHOM 6nOKe TIC 3neKTpHqecKOM u.eHTpanH3aU;HH HaXO):lSlTCSI pene:
nYCKOBble - HTIC, TITIC H KOHTponbHble - OK, TIK, MK, B3. Ha none pa3MeI.QeHbI crpenOqHbIM
3neKTponpHBo.n; H nyreBoM SlI.QHK, B KOTOpOM Haxo.n;HTCSI peBepcMpYIOI.Qee pene P.
TIOHCK OTKa3a B cxeMe ynpaBneHHSI CTpenKoM HaqHHalOT Ha noCTY, Hcnonb3YSl nOKa3aHHSI KOHT-
ponbHblx naMn, aMnepMeTpa H 3BOHKa. TIpH nepeBo.n;e crpenKH nOBopoTOM PYKOSlTKM npH HanHqHH
HeHcnpaBHoCTH B03MO:>KHbI qeTblpe nOKa3aHHSI aMnepMeTpa: 1) cTpenKa npH60pa He .n;BHraeTCSI C
MeCTa (HeHcnpaBHOCTH MorYT 6bITb B 3neMeHTax Ha noCTY 11 Ha none); 2) cTpenKa aMnepMeTpa
.n;enaeT He60nbrnoM 6pOCOK (HeHcnpaBHoCTH 3neMeHTOB Ha none); 3) B TeqeHHe 2-5 C npH60p
nOKa3bIBaeT pa60qHM TOK (HeHcnpaBHoCTM 3neMeHTOB Ha noCTY H Ha none); 4) npH60p nOKa3bIBaeT
BenHqHHY TOKa <PPHKU.HH (HeMcnpaBHoCTM 3neMeHTOB Ha none). ,n:nSl Ka:>K.n;oro cnyqIDI COCTaBnSlIOT
oT.n;enbHyIO HH<popMau.HoHHYIO .n;HarpaMMY, npH 3TOM B nepBYIO Oqepe.n;b peanH3YlOTCSI npoBepKH,
BblIIonHSleMble Ha noCTY 3D:.
,n:oCTaTOqHO CnO:>KHble 3a,n:aqH npMXO.AHTCSI pernaTb npM nOHCKe OTKa30B B nOCTOBblX cxeMax 6noq-
HOM MaprnpYrHO-peneMHoM u.eHTpanH3aUHH. CHCTeMa EMPD: KpynHoM CTaHu.HH co.n;ep:>KHT 60nb-
rnoe qHCnO pene, KOHTaKTOB, npe.n;oxpaHHTeneM, KOHTponbHbIX naMn, naeK M .ApyrHx 3neMeHTOB,
KOTopble MorYT SlBnSlTbCSI HCTOqHMKaMH HeHcnpaBHoCTeM. HaH60nbrnee qHCnO OTKa30B CBSI3aHO C
neperopaHHeM npe.AOxpaHHTeneM, nOTepeM KOHTaKTOB B rnTencenbHOM pa3'beMe 6noKa, 06pbIBOM
ueIIH Ha KOHTaKTe pene M nnOXOM perynHpoBKe pene. O.n;HaKo 3a,n:aqa nOHCKa OTKa30B yrrpoI.QaeTcSI B
CBSl3H C TeM, qTO B 3neKTpHqeCKHX cxeMax EMPD: Ka:>K.n;bIM 3neMeHT yqaCTByeT B 3a,n:aHHH, pa3MbI-
KaHHH HnH pa3.n;enKe He60nbrnoro qHCna MaprnpyroB. KpoMe Toro, Ha nynbTe ynpaBneHMSI HMelOTCSI
3neMeHTbI MH.lIHKau.HH, OTpa:>KalOI.QHe BHyrpeHHee COCTOSlHHe cxeMHblX Y3nOB, B03MO:>KHbI TaK:>Ke
BH3yanbHoe Ha6nlO.n;eHMe 3a COCTOSlHHeM pene H H3MepeHHe CHrHanOB B pa3nHqHbIX TOqKaX CXeMbI.
TIpH HeB03MO:>KHOCTH 3a,n:aHMSI HnH pa3MbIKaHMSI KaKoro-nH60 Maprnpyra B KaqeCTBe npOBepOK, 06-
na.n;alOI.QMX 60nbrnoM HH<popMaTHBHoCTblO, MOryT BbICTynaTb .n;eMCTBHSI no 3a.n;aHHIO M pa3.n;enKe
.n;pymx MaprnpyroB. ):LruI: nOHCKa OTKa30B B EMPD: COCTaBnSlIOT no.n;p06Hble MH<p0pMaU;HoHHble .n;H-
arpaMMbI, HO H npH HanHqHH TaKHX .n;HarpaMM CYI.QeCTBeHHoe BnHSlHHe Ha BpeMSI nOHCKa OKa3bIBa-
lOT onbIT 3neKTpOMexaHHKa Hero 3HaHHe anropHTMa pa60TbI cxeM. HanpHMep, ecnH He 3a.n;aeTCSI
KaKOM-nH60 Maprnpyr, TO B KaqeCTBe nepBOM npOBepKH Bcer.n;a BblcryrraeT Ha)l{arne HaqanbHOM KHon-
KM 3TOro Maprnpyra. B HcnpaBHOM CHCTeMe Ha nynbTe ,n:CTI 3aropaeTcSI y nOBTopMTenSl CBeTo<popa
3eneHaSl naMna HK <pHKcau.HH cpa6aTbIBaHHSI KHOnOqHOrO pene Bxo.n;Horo CBeTo<popa H H .n;anee
naMna HeqeTHOrO npHeMa HTIJI B YKa3aTene «¥cmaIl06KaMapmpyma» (npH cpa6aTbIBaHHM COOT-
BeTCTBYIOI.QerO pene HanpaBneHHSI). B HeHcnpaBHOM CHCTeMe B03MO:>KHbI qeTblpe cnyqaSl COCTOSl-
HHSl3TMX KOHTponbHbIX naMn: HK H HTIJI He ropSlT; HK ropHT, a HTIJI He ropHT; HK He ropHT, a
HTIJI ropHT; naMnbI HK H HTIJI 3aropalOTCSI, HO nocne OTnYCKaHHSI KHonKH racHyr. EcnH npH Ha-
:>KaTHH HaqanbHOM KHonKH HeHcnpaBHOCTb He npOSlBHnaCb, TO B KaqeCTBe BTOpOM npOBepKH Ha:>KH-
MalOT KOHeqHYIO KHonKY MaprnpYTa. TIpM 3TOM B03MO:>KHbI TaKHe cnyqaM npOSlBneHHSI nOBpe:>K.n;e-
HHM Ha nynbTe ynpaBneHMSI: He 3aropalOTCSI KOHTponbHble naMnbI KOHeqHOM H npOMe:>KYTOqHOM
KHonOK (npH 3a,n:aHHH CnO:>KHbIX MaprnpyroB); naMna KOHeqHOM KHonKM 3aropaeTCSI, a naMnbI npo-
Me:>KyrOqHbIX KHonOK He ropSlT; naMnbI KOHeqHOM H npOMe:>KYT0qHbIX KHonOK 3aropalOTCSI, HO Map-
13

rnpYT He 3aMbIKaeTC» H 6eJIa» nOJIoca no MaprnpYTY He ropHT; ropliT 6ena» nonoca no Maprnpyry,
HO KOHTpOJIb pa3pernalOI.Qero nOKa3aIlli» cBeTocpopa Ha nYJIbTe OTCYTCTByeT.
XapaKTepHbIM npH3HaKOM OTKa3a »BJI»eTC» OTCYTCTBHe rop»I.QeM 6enoM nOJIOCbI no MaprnpYTY
npH npaBHJIbHOM HH,[{HKaQHH Ha Ta6no ,n:CTI KOHTponbHbIMH JIaMnaMH 3eneHoro QBeTa rpaHHQ Bcex
3JIeMeHTapHbIx MaprnpYTOB. ,n:onOJIHHTeJIbHbIM npH3HaKoM, yrOqH»IOIUHM MeCTO OTKa3a B 3TOM cny-
qae, »Bn»eTC» KOHTponbHa» JIaMna 3a.n;aHH» MaprnpYTa HTIJI B YKa3aTene «¥cma1t06Ka Mapwpy-
ma». EcnH OHa npo.n:on)l{aeT ropeTb, TO 3TO CBH.n;eTenbCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO He Bce crpenOqHbIe ynpaB-
JI»IOIUlIe pene TIY (MY) B036y.n:HnHcb H3-3a 06pbIBa B QenH HnH H3-3a Toro, qTO He BCTaJIO no.n: TOK
O.n;HO H3 npOMe)I{)'TOqHbIX BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIX pene BTI. TIpeKpaTHBrna» ropeTb KOHTponbHa» naMIIa
HTIJI CBH):{eTenbCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO Bce KHOnOqHbIe pene BbII<JIlOqeHbI II, cne.n:OBaTenbHO, Bce CTpe-
nOqHble ynpaBn»IOI.QHe pene B036y.n:HJIHCb. B 3TOM cnyqae npllqHHOM OTCYTCTBII» 6enOM nonOCbI no
MaprnpYTY MO)l{eT »Bn»TbC» 06PbIB B QenH KOHTpOJIbHO-ceKQIIOHHbIX pene KC HnH He B036Y.AHBrne-
ec» HaqaJIbHOe pene HH Bxo.n;Horo CBeTocpopa. B036Y)l()];eHHe HaqaJIbHoro pene HH npOllcxo.n;HT no
cxeMe COOTBeTCTBII» C npOBepKOM KOHTpOJUI nepeBe.n:eHHoro nOJIO)l{eHII» CTpenOK.
TI03TOMY He06xo.n:HMO y6e.n:IITbC» Ha)l{aTHeM KHonKH «K01tmpOJlb CmpeJlOK» B TOM, Bce JIH crpeJI-
KH no MaprnpYTY HMelOT KOHTpOJIb nepeBe.n:eHHoro nOJIO)l{eHH». EcnH KaKa»-TO H3 CTpeJIOK TaKoro
KOHTpon» He HMeeT,. TO nepexo.n:»T K OTbICKaHHIO OTKa3a B cxeMe CTpenOK. EcnH)I{e Bce cTpenKIi
HMelOT KOHTpOJIb, cne.n:yeT onpe.n:eJIHTb, He HapyrneHa JIH Qenb cxeMbI COOTBeTCTBH». 3TO CTaHO-
BIITC» »CHbIM nocne TOro, KaK Maprnpyr 6Y.AeT YCTaHoBneH C nOMOI.QblO HH.AHBH):{YaJIbHOrO ynpaB-
neHII», npH KOTOpOM cxeMa COOTBeTCTBH» IICKJIlOqaeTC». EcnH Maprnpyr He 3a.n;aeTC» H npH IIH,[{H-
BH):{YaJIbHOM ynpaBneHHH, TO MO)l{HO c.n:enaTb BbIBO.n: 0 HapyrneHlI1i QenH KOHTpOJIbHO-ceKQHOHHbIX
pene.
3aBeprnalOI.QHM 1I3MeHeHHeM IIH,1UfKaQHII Ha Ta6no npll YCTaHoBKe Maprnpyra »Bn»eTC» ropeHlle B
nOBTopliTene CBeTocpopa KOHTpOnbHOM JIaMIIbI p33pernalOIUero nOKa3aHll». ECJIH)I{e 6ena» nOJIoca no
MaprnpYTY 3aropenacb, a KOHTpOJIbHa» JIaMIIa pa3pernalOI.Qero nOK33aHlliI B nOBTOpHTeJIe He 3IDKrJIaCb,
TO npHqHHOM 3Toro MO)l{eT 6bITb HapyrneHlle QenH ropeHH» ClirHaJIbHbIX JIaMn CBeTocpopa HnH Hapy-
rneHHe B Qenll CHrHaJIbHOrO peJIe (B 060HX cnyqa»x npH 3a.AaHHII, HanpHMep, MaprnpYTa npHeMa
KpacHa» JIaMna nOBTopllTeJUl BXO.n;HOro CBeTocpopa Ha Ta6JIo npo.n:OJI)I{aeT ropeTb). ECJIlI)I{e KpacHa»
JIaMna nOBTOpllTeJUl Bxo.ZUlOro CBeTocpopa noracna, a 3eJIeHa» He 3aropenaCb, TO HaH60JIee BepmITHOM
npHqHHOM »BIDIeTC» neperopaHHe 3TOM KOHTpOJIbHOM naMnbI Hnll nOTep» KOHTaKTa B ee QenH.
TIpH3HaKOM Toro, qTO CHrHaJIbHOe peJIe KpaTKOBpeMeHHO BCTaBaJIO no.n: TOK 6e3 QenH caM06no-
KHpOBKH, MO)l{eT cnY)l{HTb noracaHHe 3eneHOM JIaMnbI HaqaJIbHOM KHonKH, Qenb KOTOpOM 06pblBa-
eTC» KOHTaKTOM npOTHBonOBTopHoro pene, KOTopoe 06eCTOqHBaeTC» C B036Y)l()];eHHeM CHrHaJIbHO-
ro pene. TI03TOMY, ecnH 3eneHa» JIaMna HaqaJIbHOM KHonKH noracna, OTKa3 cne.n:yeT HCKaTb B QenH
BKJllQqeHll» CBeTocpopHbIX JIaMn. B nepBYIO Oqepe.n:b npOBep»IOT uenoCTb HIiTeM CHrHaJIbHbIX npe.n:-
OXpaHllTeJIeM. ,n:pyroM HaH60nee BepO»THOM npHqllHOM OTKa3a B 3TOM cnyqae MO)l{eT 6b1Tb nepero-
paHlie CBeTocpopHOM JIaMnbI pa3pernalOI.QHx orHeM HnH l1JIOXOM KOHTaKT B JIaMno.n:ep)l{aTeJIe. O,lUla-
KO, npe)l()];e qeM OTnpaBHTbC» Ha YCTpaHeHHe nOBpe)l{.n;eHH» K peJIeMHOMY rnKacpy BXO.AHOro CBeTO-
cpopa, ueneco06pa3HO npOBepllTb, nO»Bn»eTC» JIH Hanp»)I{eHlIe Ha KJIeMMaX Ka6enbHbIX)l{HJI nocne
Ha)l{aTH» CHrHaJIbHOM KHonKH. C nOMOI.QblO aMnepMeTpa HnH OMMeTpa MO)l{HO TaK)I{e y6e.n:HTbC»,
HcnpaBHbI JIH UeIill nepBHqHbIX 06MOTOK ClirHaJIbHbIX TpaHccpopMaTopOB, a 3aTeM Cne.AyeT npliCTY-
naTb K ycrpaHeHHIO nOBpe)l{.n;eHII» Henocpe.n:CTBeHHO Ha BXO.n:HOM CBeTocpope.
OTKa3bI, npO»BJI»IOI.QHec» npH pa3MbIKaHHII Maprnpyra, 06bIqHO 06HapY)l{HBaIOTC» JIerKO, TaK
KaK npll3TOM .n:OJI)I{HbI B onpe.n:eneHHOM Oqepe.n;HOCTH B036y.n;HTbC» TOJIbKO MaprnpymbIe H 3aMbIKa-
IOI.QHe pene. TIpHqHHOM Toro, qTO He pa3.n:enaJIaCb o.n:Ha H3 ceKUHM, KaK npaBHno, »BJI»eTC» OTKa3 B
pa60Te penbCOBOM UenH (YCTOMqHBbIM HnH nepeMe)l{alOI.QHMC»), Ha qTO YKa3bIBaeT ropeHHe O.n:HOM
H3 ceKuHM Ha Ta6JIo KpacHbIM CBeTOM. EcnH e ceKull» ropHT Ha Ta6JIo 6enbIM CBeTOM, TO BepO»T-
HOM npHqHHOM OTKa3a »Bn»eTC» 06PbIB B UenH B036Y)l()];eHII» MaprnpYTHoro pene.
B cnyqae, Kor.n:a nocne npoxo.n:a noe3.n:a HH O.AHa H3 ceKUHM He pa3.n:enaJIaCb, HaH60nee BepO»T-
HOM npHqHHOM »BJI»eTC» OTcyrCTBHe nonlOca CME-M (MM) 1I3-3a HeHcnpaBHOCTH CTa6HnIiTpOH-
Horo 6JIOKa HnH neperopaHII» npe.n:oxpaHllTeJI».
14

EonbIIloe qHCnO pene pa60TaeT B npouecce OTMeHbI HeHcnonb30BaHHoro MapIIlpYTa. B 3TOM
MO:>KHO y6e.n;HTbCSI, ecnH COCTaBHTb aJIrOpHTM pa60TbI cxeMbI OTMeHbI MapIIlpYTOB. 3.n;ecb npH Ha-
:>KaTHH rpynnoBoH KHonKH OTMeHbI OrK nOCne.AOBaTenbHO 06eCTOqHBalOTCSI pene or M orl H 3a-
ropaeTcSI MHralOI.QHM CBeTOM KOHTponbHaSl naMna KpaCHoro UBeTa rpynnoBoH OTMeHbI orJI. Or
Ha)]{aTIDI HaqaJIbHOH KHonKH nepeKpbIBaeTCSI CBeTOcpop H BKJIIOqaeTCSI KOMIIJIeKT pene OTMeHbI, no.A-
rOTaBnHBaSl uenb.n;IDI BKJIlOqeHHSI CTa6HJIHTpOHHOrO 6noKa H BbI60pa BpeMeHM BbI.n;ep:>KKH BpeMeHH
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTOSlHHSI pene H3BeCTHTenSl npH6nH:>KeHHSI H po.n;a MapIIlpyra (pene rOT, MB
HnH lIB). 1.J:epe3 cooTBeTCTBYIOI.Qee BpeMSI nOSlBnSleTCSI nHTaHHe Ha onpe.n;eneHHoH IIlHHe.LUISI cpa-
6aTbIBaHMSI pene pa3.AenKH, KOHTaKTaMH KOTOpbIX pa3MbIKaeTCSI uenb KOHTponbHo-ceKuHOHHbIX pene
KC. ,n:aJIee qepe3 TbillOBbIe KOHTaKTbI pene KC 3aMbIKalOTCSI uenH MapIIlpymbIx pene. TaKHM 06pa-
30M, HCKa)]{eHIDI aJIrOpHTMa pa60TbI cxeM OTMeHbI MapIIlpYTa MO:>KHO BbISlBMTb no xapaKTepy HH.LJ:H-
KaUHH Ha Ta6no.
EcnH Ha60p MapIIlpyra 3aKOHqeH, HO 6enaSl nonoca no Tpacce MapIIlpyra Ha Ta6no He 3aropaeT-
CSI, B 3TOM cnyqae KOHTaKTaMM pene KC He BbIKJIlOqalOTCSI uenH MapIIlpymbIX pene.
B o61l{eu cxeMe peJIe HCnOJIHHTeJIl.HOU rpynnbl 6JIOQHbiX CHCTeM 3Q B03MOHbl CJIe.n;yw-
Il{He OTKa3b1:
- 6enaSl nonoca no Tpacce MapIIlpyra 3aropaeTCSI, HO CBeTOcpop He OTKpbIBaeTCSI (06pbIB UenH 2
B036Y)l{)J;eHMSI CHrHaJIbHOrO pene C);
- npH YCTaHOBKe MapIIlpyra He Cpa60TaJIH KOHTponbHo-ceKUHOHHble pene KC ceKUHH MapIIlpy-
Ta H He BbIKJIlOqHnH MapIIlpYTHbIe pene 1 M, 2M (He 3aropaeTCSI 6enaSl nonoca; He cpa6aTbIBaeT
CHrHaJIbHOe pene C H CBeTOcpop He OTKpbIBaeTCSI);
- npH YCTaHOBKe MapIIlpyra He OTnYCTHno SIKOpb BTopoe no XO.Ay.n;BH:>KeHHSI MapIIlpyrHoe pene;
Ha Ta6no 3aropaeTCSl6enaSl nonoca, HO CBeTOcpop He OTKpbIBaeTCSI (He 3aMI<HyncSI TbillOBOH KOHTaKT
MapIIlpymoro pene B UenH CHrHaJIbHoro pene);
- nocne nonHoro npOCne.AOBaHMSI COCTaBa no MapIIlpYTY ceKUHSI He pa30MKHynacb, ropMT 6enaSl
nonoca 3TOH ceKUHH (oTKa3bI, KOTopble npHBO.ASlT K HeB03MO:>KHOCTH aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO pa3MbIKa-
HMSI MapIIlpYTa, 06HapY:>KMBaIOTCSI.AOCTaTOqHO npoCTO, TaK KaK OHH CBSl3aHbI C nOBpe)l{)J;eHHSlMM
He60nbIIloro qHCna 3neMeHTOB - penbCOBbIX ueneH, MapIIlpYTHbIX H 3aMbIKalOI.QMX pene);
- CHrHaJIbHOe pene He BbIKnlOqaeTCSI, CBeTOcpop OCTaeTCSI OTKpbITbIM; MapIIlpYT He pa3MbIKa-
eTCSI, Ha Ta6no nocne oCB060)l{)J;eHHSI ceKUMH ropHT 6enaSl nonoca; MCKyccTBeHHbIM pa3MbIKaHH-
eM C BbI.n;ep:>KKOH BpeMeHH B036Y)l{)J;alOT pene pa3.n;enKH P; 3TH pene BKJIlOqalOT MapIIlpYTHbIe pene
1M, 2M CBOHX 6noKoB H ceKUHH pa3MbIKa1OTcSI; CHrHaJIbHbIH 6noK C HeHcnpaBHbIM pene 3aMeHSI-
eTCSI;
- nocne npocne.n;OBaHHSI COCTaBa no MapIIlpyry B 6noKe CII-69 ceKUHH He Cpa60TaJIO 3aMbIKalO-
I.Qee pene 3; B 3TOM cnyqae HCKnlOqaeTCSI B03MO:>KHOCTb nepeBo.n;MTb CTpenKH, Bxo.n;SlI.QHe B 3TY ceK-
UHIO, a TaK:>Ke He BbIKJllOqaeTCSI HaqaJIbHOe pene H B 6noKe B,n:-62, qeM HCKJIlOqaeTCSI B03MO:>KHOCTb
YCTaHoBKH MapIIlpyroB, no Tpacce KOTOpbIX pacnOnO:>KeH 3TOT 6nOK;
- npM OTMeHe MapIIlpyra nocne COOTBeTCTByIOI.QeH BbI.n;ep:>KKH BpeMeHM He cpa6aTbIBalOT pene P,
He BblKJIlOqalOTCSI pene KC H He BKJIlOqalOTCSI pene 1M, 2M H 3, ceKuMM MapIIlpYTa OCTaIOTCSl3aM-
KHyrbIMM, Ha Ta6no ropMT 6enaSl nonoca; B YCTaHOBneHHOM MapIIlpyre KpaTKOBpeMeHHO OTnYCKaeT
SIKOpb nYTeBoe pene CII; ecnH SlKOpb pene CII Haxo.n;HTCSI B OTnYI.QeHHOM COCTOSlHMM, TO YBenHqH-
BaeTCSI BpeMSl3aMe.LUIeHHSI pene KC, qTO npHBo.n;HT K BbIKJIlOqeHHIO H oTnycKaHHIO SlKOpSl CHrHaJIb-
Horo pene H 3aKpbITHIO cBeTocpopa;
- MapIIlpyr oCTaeTcSl3aMKHYTbIM, Ha Ta6no ropHT 6enaSl nonoca, HaqaJIbHOe pene H H KOHeqHO-
MaHeBpoBoe KM He BbIKJIlOqaIOTCSI, YCTaHOBKa .ApyrHx MapIIlpyroB HCKJIlOqaeTCSI (B uenSlx caMO-
6nOKHpOBKH 3THX pene Hcnonb3YlOTCSI KOHTaKTbI 3aMbIKalOI.QerO pene 3).
MHcpopMauHoHHbIe ,lIHarpaMMbI aJIrOpHTMOB nOHCKa OTKa30B COCTaBnSlIOT .LUISI cxeM OTMeHbl H
HCKYCCTBeHHoH pa3.n;enKH MapIIlpyroB;.LUISI cxeM ynpaBneHHSI orIDIMH BXO.AHbIX H BbIXO.n;HbIX CBeTO-
cpOpOB C pa3nHqHbIMH THnaMM naMn H T..A.
AHaJlU3 omKa:J06 cxeM 3 npOMe:»cymollHblX cmaHu.uii. KaK nOKa3bIBaeT CTaTHCTHKa, HaH60-
nee BepOSlTHble OTKa3bI nOCTOBbIX ycrpOHCTB B 3IJ: MaJIbIX CTaHuHH CBIDaHbI C CHrHaJIbHbIMH uellil-
15

MM, CXeMaMM YBSl3KH C neperOHHbIMH CHCTeMaMH aBTOMaTHKH H co cxeMOM CMeHbI HanpaBneHHSI
BYCTOpOHHeMaBT06nOKMpOBKH.
PaCCMOTpHM B KaqeCTBe npMMepa BYXKaCKa.AHYIO cxeMY ynpaBneHHSI BXO.AHbIM CBeTocpopOM
(rnnOBble aJIb60MbI TP-65, 3lJ,-2) Ha yqaCTKe, He 060py.n;OBaHHOM .n;HcneTqepCKOM l(eHTpaJIH3aU H -
eM, npH OTCyrCTBHH Ha CTaHl(HH MeCTHoro ynpaBneHHSI, MaHeBpoBbIX CMrHaJIOB H CTpenoK C nono-
roM MapKoM KpeCToBHHbI (pHC. 1.3).
OT Ha)l{aTWl CHrHaJIbHOM KHonKH npHeMa B036Y)l{):{aeTcSI 06I1{ee nOCTOBoe CHrHaJIbHOe pene HTIC
nepBoro KaCKa,aa, TbillOBbIM KOHTaKTOM KOToporo 06pblBaeTCSll(enb IIHTaHIDI rpynnoBoro 3aMbIKa-
IOII{ero pene MaprnpyroB npMeMa HTI3. Bcne.n;CTBHe 3Toro HaCTynaeT npe.ABapMTenbHoe 3aMbIKaHHe
Maprnpyra npH cB060.n;HOM npe.AMaprnpyrHoM yqaCTKe. BbIKJllOqeHMe 3aMbIKalOII{erO pene CPHKCH-
PYeTCSI ropeHHeM KOHTpOlThHOM naMnbI HCKYCCTBeHHoM pa3.A enKH HMP 11. Qepe3 KOHraKTbI CMrHaJIb-
Horo M 3aMbIKalOII{erO pene C03.AaeTCSI uenb pa60TbI COOTBeTCTBYIOII{erO CHrHaJIbHOrO pene BToporo
KaCKa,aa (HanpMMep, CHrHaJIbHOrO pene EC npHeMa Ha 60KOBOM nyrb), KOTopoe CBOHMH CPPOHTOBbI-
MH KOHTaKTaMM C03.AaeT uenH BKJllOqeHHSI naMn )l{enTbIX orHeM Ha BXO.n;HOM CBeTocpope H COOTBeT-
CTBYIOII{HX orHeBbIX pene. ,l],aJIee B036Y)l{.n;aeTCSI YKa3aTenbHoe pene MaprnpyroB npHeMa HTIPY,
KOTopoe nepeKJIlOqaeT l(enb KOHTpOlliI Ha nYlThTe C KpaCHOM KOHTponbHOM naMnbI HK11 Ha 3eneH)'lO
H311 H o.n;HOBpeMeHHO 3aMbIKaeT uenb 6nOKMpOBKH nOCTOBoro CHrHaJIbHOro pene HTIe.
TIpH HCKIDKeHHH aJIrOpHTMa pa60TbI cxeMbI npHqHHY OTKa3a MO)l{HO HCKaTb B COOTBeTCTBHH C
HH)I{enpHBe.n;eHHbIMH .n;aHHbIMH H C yqeTOM KOHTponbHOM HH,WiKal(HH Ha Ta6no ,l],CTI: ropeHHSI 6e-
nOM naMnbI HHP JI, KpacHoM HKJI HnM 3eneHoM H3JI naMn nOBTopMTenSl BXO.AHOro CHrHaJIa H.
OCHoBHble OTKa3bI B 6nOqHOM CHCTeMe 3lJ, MaJIOM CTaHl(MH (no THnoBoMY anb60MY 3lJ,-4) H
cnoc06b1 MX YCTpaHeHHSI.
1. TIpH He Ha)l{aTOM CHrHaJIbHOM KHonKe ropMT naMna YKa3aTenSl KOlITponSl3a,n;aHMSI Maprnpyra;
MaprnpyrbI He ycraHaBJ1MBaIOTCSI.
JIPU1.JU1la: Bo36Y)l{):{eHO KHOnOqHOe pene H3-3a 3ana,n;aHllil rnrHaJIbHOM KHonKH. TIo rOpm.I.\eM naMne
KOHTpOlliI 3a,n;aHMSI MaprnpyroB onpe.AenSlIOT, B KaKOM rpynne B036Y)l{):{eHO KHOnOqHOe pene. 3aTeM
nOoqepe.lUl O Bblnrr1malOT CMrHaJIbHble KHonKM, BXo.n;SlII{He B .n;aHHYIO rpynny, .n;o noracaHIDI naMIIbI
yCTaHoBKH MaprnpyroB.
, CITE
. CME
HITPY
M
II
II
PHC. 1.3. CxeMa ynpaBneHHfl BXOHbIM cBeTo<l>opoM 3lJ, C QeHTPaJIbHbIMH 3aBHCHMoCUIMH H MeCTHblM nHTaHHeM
16

2. Maprnp)'TbI YCTaHaBJlliBalOTCSI TOJIbKO B HanpaBJIeHHH, }'Ka3aHHOM JIaMIIOH KOHTpOJISI 3a,n;amUl
Maprnp)'ToB.
llpUlJUHa : B036Y)I{)J;eHO OHO H3 KHOnOqHbIX peJIe H:3-3a pa3peryJIHpOBKH KOHTaKTOB CHrHaJIbHOH
KHonKH, Kora Bce KOHTaKTHbIe npY)I(HHbI OKa3aJIH:Cb 3aMKH)'TbIMH:. IIo rOpSIli\eH JIaMne KOHTpOJISI
3aaHIDI Maprnp)'TOB onpeeJISIIOT, B KaKOH rpynne B036Y)I()];eHo KHOnOqHOe peJIe. 3aTeM BHernHHM
OCMOTpOM KOHTaKTOB CHrHaJIbHbIX KHonOK, BXOSIli\HX B aHHYIO rpynny, HaXO,WIT KHonKY C pa3pe-
ryJIHpyeMbIMH KOHTaKTaMH.
3. IIpH Ha)l(aTOH CH:rHaJIbHOH KHOIIKe JIaMna KOHTpOJUI 3a,n;aHIDI Maprnp)'Ta He 3aropaeTCSI, Maprn-
PYT He YCTaHaBJIH:BaeTCSI.
lllJUlJUHbl : nOBpe)l{)J;eH npeoxpaHJlTeJIb nOJIlOca nHTaHH:SI TII; He B036Y)l{)J;aeTCSI KHOnOqHOe peJIe
H3-3a I1JIOXOrO KOHTaKTa B CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKe; HeH:CnpaBHa u.enb peJIe HanpaBJIeHH:SI. IIpH Ha)l(aTOH
CH:rHaJIbHOH KHOIIKe, HCnOJIb3YSI BOlThTMeTp, no npH:HlWnHaJIbHOH cxeMe OTbICKHBaeTCSI nOBpe)K)]:eHHe.
4. IIpH Ha)l(aTOH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKe JIaMna KOHTpOJUI 3a,n;aHH:SI Maprnp)'ToB ropHT, a 6eJIaSI nOJIO-
ca no Tpacce MaprnpYTa He nOSIBJISIeTCSI.
llpUlJUHa : He B036Y)l{)J;aeTCSI peJIe HaqaJIbHOe H (HM) H3-3a OTC)'TCTBH:SI rpynnoBoro nomoca Mr
B COOTBeTCTBYIOli\eH IIIHHe HanpaBJIeHH:SI.IIcnoJIb3YSI BOJIbTMeTp, npH Ha)l(aTOH KHonKe no MOHTa)l(-
HOH cxeMe onpeeJISIIOT MeCTO 06pbIBa IIIHHbI. ECJIH HanpSI)I(eHHe B IIIHHe eCTb, TO BOJIbTMeTpOM
npOBepSIeTCSI u.enb OT COOTBeTCTBYIOli\eH KJIeMMbI CHrHaJIbHOrO 6JIOKa.A0 cooTBeTCTBYIOli\ero KOH-
TaKTa KHOnOqHOrO peJIe K rnHHe HanpaBJIeHH:SI.
5. IIpH Ha)l(aTHH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKH peJIe HaqaJIbHOe H B036aeTCSI, a MapIIIpYT He YCTaHaB-
JIHBaeTCSI (He 3aropaeTcSI 6eJIaSI nOJIoca). .D:pyrne MapIIIpYTbI, npOXOSIli\He qepe3 qaCTb 3TOro Map-
IIIp)'Ta, YCTaHaBJlliBaIOTCSI.
llpUlJUHa : HeHcnpaBHa qaCTb u.enH KOHTPOJIbHO-ceKU.HOHHbIX peJIe KC. YCTaHOBH:Tb non)'THbIe H
BCTpeqHbIe MaHeBpOBbIe MapIIIp)'TbI, onpeeJIH:Tb HeHcnpaBHYIO qaCTb. 3aTeM npH Ha)l(aTOH KHon-
Ke, H:CnOJIb3YSI BOJIbTMeTp, onpeeJIHTb MeCTO nOBpe)l()];eHHSI.
6. IIpH Ha)l(aTHH: CH:rHaJIbHOH KHOnKH: MaHeBpoBoro cBeTo4>opa 6eJIaSI nOJIoca «npoCKaKH:BaeT»
3a cJIeYIOli\HH nonYTHbIH MaHeBpoBbIH cBeTo4>op.
llpUlJUHa : He B036Y)l()];aeTCSI KOHeqHO-MaHeBpOBoe peJIe KM B CHrHaJIbHOM 6JIOKe Toro CHrHaJIa,
3a KOTOpbIH «npoCKOqHJIa» 6eJIaSI nOJIOca MapIIIp)'Ta. CJIeyeT YCTaHOBH:Tb MapIIIp)'T B TOM)I(e Ha-
npaBJIeHHH, HO He npOXOSIIlI.HH qepe3 nepBYIO ceKu.H:1O nepe.A CBeTo4>opoM, 3a KOTOpbIH «npOCKO-
tIHJIa» 6eJIaSI nOJIOca, H npH Ha)l(aTOH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKe BOJIbTMeTpOM no npHHu.HnHaJIbHOH cxe-
Me OTbICKaTb MeCTO nOBpe)l()];eHH:SI u.enH peJIe KM.
7. IIpH Ha)l(aTHH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKH 6eJIaSI nOJIoca nOSIBJISIeTCSI, HO CBeTo4>op He OTKpblBaeTCSI.
ECJIH npH 3TOM YCTaHOBH:Tb pyroH BapH:aHT MapIIIpYTa no 3TOMY CBeTo4>opy, TO OH OTKpbIBaeTCSI.
llpUlJUHa: nOBpe)l(eHa qaCTb u.enH CHrHaJIbHOro peJIe, OTJIHqalOli\aSICSI OT u.eneH BapHaHTHbIx
MapIIIp)'TOB, no KOTOpbIM CBeTo4>op OTKpblBaeTCSI. Y CTaHOBKOH Pa3JIH:qHbIX Maprnp)'TOB no aHHO-
MY cBeTo4>opy onpe.AeJIHTb HeHcnpaBHYIO qaCTb u.enH CHrHaJIbHOrO peJIe. 3aTeM, HCnOJIb3YSI BOJIbT-
MeTp, no npHHu.HnHaJIbHOH cxeMe OTbICKaTb nOBpe)l(.AeHHe.
8. IIpH Ha)l(aTHH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKH 6eJIaSI nOJIoca nOSIBJISIeTCSI, a CBeTo4>op He OTKpblBaeTCSI HH
B O.l{HOM HanpaBJIeHHH.
llPUlJWlbl : HeHcnpaBHa u.eIIb B036Y)l{)J;eHHSI 06li\ero BcnOMOraTeJIbHOrO npoTHBonoBTopHoro pene
IIIIB; HeHcnpaBHa u.enb B036Y)l{)J;eHIDI npoTHBonoBTopHoro pene IIII; HeH:CnpaBHa u.enb B036Y)l{)J;e-
HHSI peJIe BB; HeHcnpaBHa uenb CHrHaJIbHOrO peJIe. IIpH Ha)l(aTOH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKe BHernHHM
OCMOTpOM onpeeJIHTb, KaKoe H3 YKa3aHHbIX peJIe He B036YHJIOCb, yqHTblBaSI npH 3TOM, qTO npH
Hecpa6aTbIBaHHH OHoro peJIe H:CKJIlOqaeTCSI B03MO)l(HOCTb cpa6aTbIBaHHSI Bcex peJIe. 3aTeM, HC-
nOJIb3YSI BOJIbTMeTp, no npHHlWnHaJIbHbIM cxeMaM OTbICKaTb nOBpe)l()];eHHe.
9. IIpH Ha)l(aTHH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKH KOHTpOJIbHaSI JIaMna pa3pellialOli\ero nOKa3aHIDI CBeT04>O-
pa KpaTKoBpeMeHHo 3aropaeTcSI, a 3aTeM raCHeT.
llpUlJUHa : HeHcnpaBHa JIaMna pa3pellialOIlI.erO orIDI.
10. KOHTpOJIbHaSI JIaMna 6eJIoro orIDI BbIX0.AHoro HJIH MaHeBpoBoro cBeTo4>opa MHraeT, npH OT-
KpbITHH CBeTo4>opa KOHTpOJIbHaSI JIaMIIa KpaTKoBpeMeHHo 3arOpaeTCSI poBHbIM CBeTOM, a 3aTeM OIDlTb
HaqHHaeT MHraTb.
2 H. JI. Pora.e..
fE""H 3 :i j-:=-:i' l'7 -R
I n;..,.  - I
Jj 1- _J. . J I , '.
e C.r._ - -'. ... ..
l HHBEHT. J ,
.... - - - -:::::::-:::==-J
17

flpUlJww : HeHcnpaBeH CHrHaJIbHbIH npe.n;oxpaHHTenb.
11. TIpH OTKpbITHH BXO.AHOro cBeTocpopa KOHTponbHa5.1 naMna KpacHoro orIDI Ha nynbTe He rac-
HeT, pa3pellIalOIlI.HH orOHb He 3arOpaeTC5.I. CHrHaJIbHOe pene Ha noCTY 3IJ: KpaTKOBpeMeHHO B03-
6Y)l{)J;aeTC5.I.
flpUlJUHa: nOBpe:>K.n;eHa Qenb nOBTopHTenbHbIx CHrHaJIbHbIX pene rc HnH Ee. TIpoBepHTb npe-
.AOXpaHHTenH nonlOCOB nHTaHH5.I HCTIE (qCTIE), HCME (qCME). EcnH OHM HcnpaBHbI, TO npH
Ha:>KaTOH CHrHaJIbHOH KHonKe B MOMeHT B036Y:>K.n;eHH5.I CHrHaJIbHOrO pene HC Ha nocry 3IJ: H3Me-
pHTb Hanp5.l:>KeHMe Me)l{)J;y npoBo.n;aMH EC H OEC (B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT Toro, Ha KaKoH nYTb He OTKpbI-
BaeTC5.I CBeTOcPOp). EcnH Hanp5.l:>KeHHe oTcyrCTByeT, 06PbIB QenH cne.n;yeT MCKaTb Ha nocry 3IJ:. Ha-
nHqMe Hanp5.l:>KeHH5.I 03HaqaeT, qTO HMeeTC5.I nOBpe)l{)J;eHHe B peneHHOM llIKacpy Bxo.n;HOrO CBeTOcPopa
HJIH 06PbIB npoBO.Aa Me)l{)J;y nOCTOM 3IJ: H peneHHbIM llIKacpOM BXO.n;HOro cBeTocPopa.
12. TIpH OTKpbITHH BXO.AHOrO cBeTocpopa KOHTpOnbHa5.1 naMna KpacHoro OrH5.I Ha nynbTe KpaTKo-
BpeMeHHo raCHeT, a naMna pa3pernalOIlI.erO OrH5.I He 3arOpaeTC5.I.
flpulJUHa: HeHcnpaBHa naMna pa3pernalOIlI.erO OrH5.I BXO.n;HOro cBeTocpopa.
13. TIpH Ha:>KaTHH KHOnKH-CqeTqHKa npHrnacHTenbHoro CHrHaJIa npMrnacHTenbHbIH orOHb Ha
BXO.n;HOM CBeTocpope He BKnlOqaeTC5.I. TIpoTHBonOBTopHoe pene HTITI (qTITI) H CMrHaJIbHOe pene
npHrnaCHTenbHoro OrH5.I HTIC (qTIC) 6e3 TOKa.
llPUlJUHbl: HeHcnpaBHbI npe.n;oxpaHMTenM npHrnacHTenbHoro CHrHaJIa TICTIE HnH TICME HnM
He 3aMbIKaIOTC5.I KOHTaKTbI KHOnKH-CqeTqHKa.
14. Pene HTITI (qTITI) H HTIC (qTIC) HaXOJUITC5.I B B036Y)l{)J;eHHOM COCT05.lHHH.
llpulJuHa : He B036Y)l{)J;aeTC5.I CHrHaJIbHOe pene TIC B peneHHOM rnKacpy HnH nOBpe)l{)J;eHa naMna
n)'HHo-6enoro orIDI Ha BXO.n;HOM CBeTocpope. TIpH Ha:>KaTOH KHOIIKe M3MepMTb Harrp5.l:>KeHHe B npOBO-
.n;ax TIC-OTIe. EcnH Hanp5.l:>KeHHe OTcyrcTByeT, TO nOBpe:>K.n;eHHe cne.n;yeT HCKaTb Ha noCTY 3IJ:, a
npH HaJIHqHH Hanp5.l:>KeHH5.I- B peneHHOM rnKacpy Bxo.n;Horo cBeTocpopa.
15. TIpH Ha:>KaTHH KHonKH npHrnaCHTeJIbHOrO CIITHaJIa KOHTponbHa5.1 naMIIa KpacHoro orIDI BXO.n;-
Horo cBeTocpopa raCHeT, a KOHTpOnbHa5.1 naMna npHrnacMTenbHoro CMrHaJIa He 3aropaeTC5.I.
llpulJuHa : npHrnacMTenbHbIH CHrHaJI Ha BXO.AHOM cBeTocPope oTKpblBaeTC5.I, nOBpe:>K.n;eHa KOHT-
pOnbHa5.1 naMna Ha nynbTe-Ta6no HnH Qenb ee nMTaHH5.I; YKa3aTeJIbHOe pene pa3pellIalOIlI.erO nOKa-
3aHM5.I no.n; TOKOM. Cne.n;yeT 3aMeHMTb KOHTponbHYIO naMIIY H, Hcnonb3Y5.1 Bonb TMeTp, npoBepMTb no
cxeMe Qenb rOpeHH5.I KOHTponbHoH naMnbI.
16. Ha qaCTH nynbTa-Ta6no 3aropenHcb 6enbIe CBeT5.lIlI.HeC5.I nonOCbI, MaprnpYTbI Ha :noH qaCTH
nynbTa-Ta6no He YCTaHaBnHBaIOTC5.I.
flpUlJUHa : nOBpe:>K.AeH npe.AOXpaHHTenb nonlOca eflS Ha peneHHOM CTaTMBe, r.n;e pacnOnO:>KeHbI
6nOKH CTI H YTI Tex M30nHpOBaHHbIx yqaCTKOB, KOHTponbHbIe naMnbI KOTOpbIX Ha nynbTe-Ta6no
rOp5.lT 6enbIM QBeTOM.
17. Ha O.n;HOH H3 ropnoBHH CTaHQHH Bce H30nMpoBaHHbIe yqaCTKH Ha nynbTe-Ta6no rOp5.lT Kpac-
HbIM QBeTOM, OCHOBHbIe nyreBbIe pene no.n; TOKOM.
llpulJuHa : nOBpe:>K.n;eH npe.n;oxpaHHTenb CTIE-H3 HnH CTIE-q3 B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT Toro, B KaKoH
ropnoBHHe rOp5.lT KpacHbIe nonOCbI Ha Ta6no.
18. OTcyrCTByeT HOpMaJIbHa5.1 pa3.n;enKa MaprnpyroB nocne npoxo.n;a no.n;BH:>KHbIX e.n;HHHQ.
flpUlJUHa: OTCyrCTBYeT nonlOc CME-JI H3-3a HeHcnpaBHoCTH cTa6HnMTpoHa B QenH nyqeBOrO
pene TIJIA. TIpoBepHTb, no.n; TOKOM nH pene TIJIA H ecnH HeT, TO nOCTaBHTb ero no.n; TOK no QenH
CaM06nOKHpOBKH, a 3aTeM 3aMeHHTb CTa6HJIMTpOHHbIH 6noK.
19. He nepeBo.n;HTC5.I HH o.n;Ha cTpenKa, npH Ha:>KaTHH KHonKM nepeBo.n;a CTpenKH B nycKoBoM
crpenOqHOM 6noKe He B036Y:>K.n;aeTC5.I nYCKOBoe CTpenOqHOe pene TITIe.
llpulJuHa: nOBpe:>K.n;eH npe.AOXpaHHTenb nonlOca Tfl.
20. He YCTaHaBnMBaIOTc5.I MaprnpyrbI; BO Bcex CTpenOqHbIX 6noKax C KOHTponbHoe pene B3 6e3
TOKa.
flpUlJUHa: nOBpe:>K.n;eH npe.n;oxpaHHTenb TIC-CTIE.
HapMY C OTKa3aMH, np05.lBn5.lIOIlI.HMHC5.I B MOMeHT OTKpbITH5.I cBeTocpopa, .lUI5.I Bcex CHCTeM QeHT-
paJIH3aQHH xapaKTepHbI TaK:>Ke OTKa3bI, npHBOMIlI.He K MX nepeKpbITMIO. B QenH OTKpbITH5.I CBeTO-
18

4>opa KOHTponHpyeTcSI u.enbIH PM 3aBHcMMoCTeH, H npHqHHbI nepeKpbITHSI cBeTo4>opa MorYT 6bITb
OqeHb pa3Ho06pa3HbIMH: npona,n;aHHe BHeliIHero 3neKTpOCHa6:>KeHHSI C BKJUOqeHMeM .n;H3enb-reHe-
paTopa; nO:>KHaSl 3aHSlTOCTb penbCOBOH lienH; nOTepSl KOHTponSl nOnO:>KeHHSI cTpenKH; neperopaHHe
cBeTo4>opHOH naMnbI; nOTepSl KOHTaKTa B naMno.n;ep:>KaTene; nOBpe)l():(eHHe Ka6enbHoH HnH B03.Ayrn-
HOH nHHHH; nOTepSl eMKOCTH :meKTpOnHTHqeCKOrO KOH,[{eHCaTOpa; nOBpe)l():(eHHe pene HJIH CHrHanb-
HOro TpaHc4>opMaTopa; rrnoxoH KOHTaKT B :meKTpHqeCKOH cxeMe; neperopaHHe npe.n;oxpaHHTenSl;
He6pe:>KHOCTb B pa60Te 3neKTpoMexaHHKa; olilH6Ka B pa60Te ,L::{CII, cxeMHbIe He.n;ocTaTKH H .Ap.
<l>aKTHqeCKOe pacnpe.AeneHHe BepOSlTHOCTeH npHqHH nepeKpbITHSI.lUISI KOHKpeTHbIX CTaHl{MH B 60nb-
IIleH CTeneHH 3aBHCHT OT CHCTeMbI 6nOKHpOBKH Ha npHneralOIUHx neperoHax, :meKTpOCHa6:>KeHHSI
H .ApyrHx MeCTHbIX oc06eHHoCTeH.
1.3. WyHK....HoHaJIbHOe Ha3Ha'leHHe CHCTeM ,ZJ:Haf'HOCTHpOBaHHH
H MOHHTOpHHf'a
OcHOBHbIe 3a,n;aqH HayqHo-TeXHHqeCKOH nonHTHKH X03S1HCTBa CIJJ; 3aKJIIOqalOTCSI B TOM, qT06b1
CHH3MTb 3aTpaTbI Ha nepeB03KH npH 06eCneqeHMH 3a,n;aHHoro YPOBHSl6e30naCHOCTH .n;BH:>KeHHSI no-
e3.n;OB.,[I,nSl ycneIIlHoro BbIIIonHeHHSl3THX 3a,n;aq He06xo,lIHMO COKpaTHTb 3HeproeMKoCTb TeXHHqeC-
KHX cpe.n;CTB H TeXHOnOrHqeCKHX npou.eccoB, nOBbICMTb npoH3Bo.n;HTenbHoCTb TPY.Aa 3KcrrnyaTau.H-
OHHoro IIlTaTa npH cOKpaIUeHHH ero qMCneHHOCTH.
B HaCTOSlIUee BpeMSI.LUISI 06cnY:>KHBaHHSI YCTPOHCTB 3 npHMeHSleTcSI npo4>HnaKTHqeCKaSl cTpa-
TernSl TeXHHqeCKOrO 06cnY)l(HBaHHSI (CTO), npH KOTOpOH nepHo.n;HqHOCTb BceX pa60T :>KeCTKO per-
naMeHTHpoBaHa H He 3aBHCHT OT 4>aKTHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI YCTPOHCTB. 3TO npHBo.n;HT K BbICOKHM
3KcrrnyaTau.HoHHbIM 3aTpaTaM. IIpH CYIUeCTBYIOIUeH CHCTeMe TeXHHqeCKOrO 06cnY:>KHBaHHSI HeH3-
6e:>KH0 B03HHKalOT nOTepH BpeMeHH - HenpOH3BO.AHTenbHbIe BpeMeHHbIe 3aTpaTbI, KOTopbIe no.n;-
pa3.AenSlIOTCSI Ha:
- nomepu, 6b136a1l1lble 1lU31WU K6aJluljJuKalJUeU U 1leoOCmamOll1lblM onblmOM pa60m1lUK06: YBe-
nHqeHMe cBepx HOpMaTHBHOrO BpeMeHM BbIIIOnHeHMSI oT.n;eJIbHbIX TeXHOnOrHqeCKHX onepau.HH, 6paK
B pa60Te, HcnpaBneHHe 6paKa B pa60Te (CBoero H qY:>Koro), O:>KH.n;aHHe YKa3aHHH PYKoBO.AHTenSl
pa60T;
- nomepu, 06YCJl06Jle1l1lble 1leC06epUle1l1lblM xapaKmepoM meX1l0Jl02UlleCK020 npolJecca: pyqHOH
cnoc06 H3MepeHHH. HH3KaSl pa3peIIlalOIUaSl cnoc06HoCTb H 60nbIIlHe norpeIIlHoCTH H3MepHTenb-
HbIX npH60pOB BbI3bIBalOT He06xo.n;HMOCTb MHoroKparnoro nOBTopeHHSI O.n;HHX H TeX:>Ke TeXHono-
rHqeCKHX onepau.HH; nocTynalOIUaSl3KcrrnyaTau.HoHHoMY IIlTary HH4>opMau.HSI 06 OTKa3aX Tpe6yeT
yrOqHeHHSI H MO:>KeT BbI3BaTb npHHSlTHe Hepau.HOHanbHbIX (c TOqKH 3peHHSl3aTpaT BpeMeHH) peIIle-
HHH;
- nomepu, C6R3a1l1lble C 1leOnmUMaJlb1lblM nJla1lUp06a1lUeM pa6om: HenpOH3BO,lIHTenbHbIe nepe-
.D;BH:>KeHHSI 3KcrrnyaTau.HOHHoro IIlTaTa npH nepexo.n;e OT O.n;HHX YCTPOHCTB K .n;pyrHM HJIH C o.n;Horo
BH.n;a pa60T Ha .ApyroH;
- nomepu, 6b136a1l1lble npUllU1laMU, 1le 3a6UCRU/UMU om 3KCnJlyamalJU01l1l020 Ulmama: HapYIIle-
HHe rpa4>HKa BbIIIonHeHHSI pa60T H3-3a rrnOXHX noro.n;HbIX ycnoBHH, BbIX0.Aa H3 CTpOSl HHCTpYMeH-
Ta, He npe.n;yCMOTpeHHbIX c60eB H H3MeHeHHH B rpa4>HKe .n;BH:>KeHHSI nOe3.AOB, OTKJIlOqeHHe 3neKT-
p03HeprHH, HecornaCOBaHHOCTH B .n;eHCTBHSlx pa3nHqHbIX cnY)l(6.
,L::{nSl nOBbIIIleHHSl34>4>eKTHBHOCTH TeXHOnOrHqeCKOrO npou.ecca no 06cnY)l(HBaHHIO YCTPOHCTB
Cb (B TOM qHCne H 3I..U He06xo.n;HMa ero aBTOMaTH3au.HSI Ha OCHOBe nepexo.n;a K crpaTerHH o6cny-
:>KHBaHIDI no 4>aKTHqeCKOMY COCTOSlHHIO, npH KOTOpOH Bce npo4>HnaKTHQeCKHe H peMOHTHbIe pa60-
TbI Ha3HaQalOTCSI B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT .n;eHCTBMTenbHoro TeXHHQeCKOrO COCTOSlHMSI KOHTponHpyeMblX
06DeKTOB.
Mcnonb3yeMbIe B HaCTOSlIUee BpeMSI CHCTeMbI H cpe.n;CTBa .n;HarHOCTHpOBaHHSI OCYIUeCTBnSlIOT,
KaK npaBHno, 06IUMH KOHTponb npou.ecca 4>YHKU.HOHHpOBaHMSI YCTPOHCTB )I(A T. 3TH CHCTeMbI He
o6ecneQHBalOT He06xo.n;HMbIH KOHTponb KaQeCTBeHHbIX rrOKa3aTeneH TeXHHQeCKOrO 06cnY)I(JfBaHMSI
H He 06na.n;alOT B03MO:>KHOCTSlMH nporH03HpOBaHHSI npou.eCCOB. C nOMOIUblO HMelOIUHXCSI Cpe.ACTB
2"
19

,l1;"arHOCTMpOBaH"SI MO:>KHO KOHTpOJm:pOBaTb He 60nee 20--30 % napaMeTpOB, KOTopbIe He06xo,l1;"-
MbI,l1;nSl aHanH3a COCTOSlH"SI YCTpoikTB )J{A T. 3TO 06ycnoBneHo Cne,l1;YIOIlI."M" cpaKTOpaM": 60nb-
llIHM 06'beMOM napaMeTpOB, nO,l1;ne:>KaIIJ.HX KOHTponlO; H"3K"M ypOBHeM KOHTponenp"ro.lUlOCTM Ha-
nonbHbIX ycrpOHCTB; OTcyrcTB"eM "n" BbICOKOH CTO"MOCTblO cnel{"an"3"pOBaHHbIX .AaTq"KOB "
npe06pa30BaTeneH.lUISI :>KeCTKHX ycnOB"H 3KCIIJIyaTal{""; OTcyrCTB"eM He06xo,l1;"MOH HOpMaT"B-
HOH 6a3bI H He.AOCTaTOK cnel{"an"CTOB COOTBeTCTBYIOIlI.erO npocpHJISI.
Enaro.AapSl nepexo.AY Ha HOBbIe "HcpopMal{"OHHbIe TeXHOnOr"" B C"CTeMaX aBTOMaT"3al{"" yn-
paBneH"SI" KOHTponSl Ha :>Kene3HO,l1;OpO:>KHOM TpaHcnopTe, C np"MeHeH"eM M"KpOnpOl{eCCOpHbIX
C"CTeM :>Kene3HO,l1;OpO:>KHOH aBTOMaTHK" "3MeHSleTCSI npOl{ecc TeXH"qeCKOH 3KCIIJIyaTal{lfH ycrpOHCTB
"C"CTeM CD:E.
TIp" YBen"qeH"" 06'beMa BHe,l1;peHIDI M"KpOnpOl{eCCOpHbIX C"CTeM 3D:, aBT06nOK"pOBK", ,l1;"C-
neTqepCKOH l{eHTpanH3al{H", KOHTpOnSl" C"CTeM nepe,l1;aq" .AaHHbIX, BI<JIIOqaSl BonOKOHHO-OnT"-
qeCK"e n"H"" CBSl3" BOJIC, B03pocna nOTpe6HoCTb B l{eHTpan"3al{"" pe3ynbTaToB ,l1;"arHOCT"pO-
BaH"SI ycrpOHCTB H":>KHerO ypOBHSI aBTOMaT"K" " M"KpOnpOl{eCCOpHbIX C"CTeM.
PYKOBO.ACTBOM ,n:enapTaMeHTa CD:E 6bIn" onpe,l1;eneHbI OCHOBHbIe 3a.Aaq" nporpaMMbI TeXH"-
qeCKOrO "TeXHOnOr"qeCKOrO nepeBoopY)l(eH"SI X03S1HCTBa CD:E: OCHaIll.eHHe yqaCTKOB C"CTeMaM"
,l1;"CneTqepcKoro ynpaBneH"SI, KOHTponSl " TeXH"qeCKOH ,l1;"arnOCTHK"; YH"cp"Kal{"SI C"CTeM )J{A T
" 060pY,l1;OBaH"e "X BCTpoeHHbIM" " BHellIH"M" Cpe,l1;CTBaM" ,l1;"arHOCT"pOBaH"SI; cpOpM"pOBaH"e
MHoroypoBHeBoH C"CTeMbI ynpaBneH"SI" 06eCneqeH"SI 6e30naCHOCT" ,l1;BH:>KeH"SI nOe3,l1;OB; opra-
H"3al{HSI y,l1;aneHHOro MOH"TOpmrra COCTOSlH"SI " pa60TbI TeXHHqeCK"X cpe,l1;CTB; C03,l1;aH"e C"CTe-
MbI CepB"CHoro "cp"pMeHHoro 06cnY:>K"BaH"SI cpe,uCTB )J{A T.
Pa3B"T"e Cpe,l1;CTB BbIq"Cn"TenbHOH TeXH"KH C03,l1;anO npe.AnOCbInK" ,l1;nSl cOBepllIeHCTBOBaH"SI
C"CTeM ,l1;"arHOCTHpOBaHHSI, n03BOn"nO qaCTb 3a,l1;a q B03nO:>K"Tb Ha nporpaMMHoe 06eCneqeH"e "
TeM caMbIM ynpoCTHTb annapaTHYIO qaCTb 3T"X C"CTeM, nOBbIC"Tb ypOBeHb aBTOMaT"3al{"H npo-
l{ecca .lI.HarHOCT"pOBaH"SI, 06eCneq"Tb HaKOnneH"e " B03MO:>KHOCTb MaTeMaT"qeCKOH 06pa60TK"
"HcpopMal{"". 3cpcpeKTHBHoCTb .AHarHOCT"pOBaH"SI MO:>KeT 6bITb nOBbIllieHa 3a CqeT "CnOnb30Ba-
H"SI MOHHTopmrra COCTOSlHHSI " cp)'HKl{"OH"pOBaHIDI ycrpOHCTB )J{A T, pean"3yeMoro B B",l1;e c60pa
"l{eH1pan"30BaHHoH 06pa60TK" ,l1;aHHbIX OT cpe.ACTB ,l1;"arnOCTHpOBaHHSI" OT YCTPOHCTB)J{A T.
OcHOBHbIM" HarrpaBneH"SlM" TeXH"qeCKOrO ,l1;"arHOCT"pOBaH"SI SlBnSlIOTCSI:
- OP2QllU3QljUflKOllmpOflfl meXllUlleCK020 COCmORllUfl 06'beKmoe)/{A T - onpe,l1;eneH"e B",l1;a Tex-
HHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI 06'beKTa, B TOM q"cne OTKa3a, Ha OCHOBe npOBepK" COOTBeTCTB"Sl3HaqeH"H
napaMeTpOB 06'beKTOB HOpMaT"BaM "anrOpHTMaM pa60TbI C"CTeMbI "n" MO,l1;en";
- MOllUmOpU1l2 meXllUlleCK020 COCmORllUR - ,l1;"CTaHl{"OHHbIH KOHTponb (TeneKOHTponb) TeXH"-
qeCKOrO COCTOSlH"SI 06'beKTOB no onpe,l1;eneHHOMY anrOp"TMY C HaKOnneH"eM "HcpopMal{"" " ee
aHan"3a C l{enblO ",l1;eHT"cp"Kal{"" TeKYIll.erO COCTOSlH"SI 06'beKTa " 06eCneqeH"SI npOrn03"pOBa-
H"SI "3MeHeHHSI ero COCTOSlH"SI;
- np021l03UpOeQllue meX1lUlleCK020 COCmORllUfl- onpe,l1;eneH"e TeXHHqeCKOrO COCTOSlH"SI 06'beKTa
C 3a.AaHHOH (paCqeTHOH) BepOSlTHOCTblO Ha npe.ACTOSlIll."H "HTepBan BpeMeH";
- QOMUllUCmpupoeQllue cucmeMbl meXllUlleCK020 OUQ21l0CmUpOeQllUfl U MOllUmOpU1l2Q - ynpaB-
neH"e annapaTHbIM" " nporpaMMHbIMH Cpe.ACTBaM" C"CTeMbI C l{enblO "3MeHeH"SI KOHcp"rypal{"",
nOMep:>KaHHSI pa60Tocnoc06Horo COCTOSlHHSI " npaBHJIbHOCT" cp)'HKl{"OH"pOBaHHSI.
06Il1."M" 3a,n:aqaM" BCex aBTOMaTH3"pOBaHHbIX C"CTeM TeXHHqeCKoro LmarHOCT"pOBaHIDI (CT,n:)
SlBnSlIOTCSI: pacn03HaBaH"e COCTOSlH"SI YCTPOHCTB B npOl{ecce "X pa60TbI; 06HapY:>KeH"e He"CnpaB-
HOCT", ",l1;eHTHcp"Kal{"SI BH,AOB "T"nOB OTKa30B (,l1;ecpeKTOB); YCTaHaBneH"e np"q"HbI He"CnpaBHO-
CTH H ee nOKan"3al{HSI; onpe.AeneHHe BpeMeH" pa3B"T"SI He"CnpaBHOCT"; npOrH03"pOBaH"e pa3-
BHT"SI B03HHKllI"X He"CnpaBHOCTeH, a no pe3ynbTaT)' pacn03HaBaH"SI Bbl)J;aqa B ynpaBnSlIOIlI.YIO C"-
CTeMY "HcpopMal{H".lUISI BbI60pa H np"HSlT"e COOTBeTCTBYIOIlI."X pellIeH"H; onpe.AeneH"e CTpaTe-
r"" ,l1;anbHeHllIeH 3KCIIJIyaTal{"" (He06xo.lI.HMOro 06cnY:>K"BaHHSI HJIH peMOHTa).
MeTO,l1;bI " cnoc06bI nOHCKa He"CnpaBHOCTeH B KOHTpOn"pyeMoH C"CTeMe 3aB"CSlT OT CnO:>KHOC-
T" TeXHHqeCK"X ycrpOHCTB " nporpaMMHo-annapaTHbIX cpe.ACTB, "X KOHTpOnenp"rO.lUlOCT", onpe-
,l1;eneH"SI Kp"Tep"eB pa60Tocnoc06HOCT"; napaMeTp"3al{"" " KnaCC"cpHKal{"" OTKa30B; onpe,l1;ene-
20

mUI B3aHMOBJIlUIHillI OTKa30B H HX 6e30naCHOC'TH; 6e30naCHOH pa60TbI B aBapHHHbIX pe)KHMaX cpYHK-
U.HOIillpOBamUI CHCTeMbI.
Oc060e 3HaqeHHe aBTOMaTH3au.ml TeXHHqeCKOH .D;HarHOCTHKH (A TA) npH06peTaeT Ha JIHHeH-
HbIX yqaCTKax :>KeJIe3HOH .D;OpOrH B 30Hax «6e3JIIO.D;HoH» aBTOMaTH3aUHH, nOCKOJIbKY B03IillKaeT B03-
MO:>KHOCTb no pe3YJIbTaTaM aBTOMaTHqeCKoro .D;HarHOCTHpoBaHHSI yqHTbIBaTb oc06eHHoCTH pa60TbI
TeXHHqeCKHX Cpe.D;CTB KOHKpeTHoro 06'beKTa H HCKJIlQqHTb IIJIaHOBO-npe.n;ynpe.D;HTeJIbHbIH nOllXO.D;;
nepeHTH K TeXHHqeCKOMY 06CJIY:>KMBaHHIO «no COCTOSlHHIO», T.e. nporH03HpoBaTb npe.D;OTKa3Hoe
COCTOSlHHe (BbIlIaBaTb peKOMeH):{au.HH no peryJIMpOBKe H peMoHTY). TIpH HenpepbIBHoM aBTOMaTH-
qeCKOM KOHTpOJIe, oCYI.QeCTBJISleMOM Cpe.ACTBaMH CTA, B03MO:>KHO nporH03HpoBaTb HHTepBaJIbI
BpeMeHH, B TeqeHHe KOTOpbIX 06'beKT .D;OJI:>KeH pa60TaTb HcnpaBHo, JIOKaJIH30BaTb HeHcnpaBHoCTb -
onpe,lIeJIHTb MeCTO, BH):{ HeHcnpaBHoCTH (qTO OqeHb Ba:>KHO, TaK KaK He MeHee 60--80 % BpeMeHH
peMoHTa YX0.D;MT Ha nOHCK H onpe.D;eJIeHHe HeHcnpaBHoCTH), YMeHbllIHTb onaCHOCTb HeO:>KH.D;aHHbIX
OTKa30B 3a CqeT nporn03HpoBaHHSI H HenpepbIBHoCTH KOHTpOJISI.
OCHoBHbIe H BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIe cpYHKU.HH B cHCTeMax)I(A T peaJIH3YIOTCSI Ha 6a3e HHcpopMaUHH
OT nepBHqHbIX .AaTqHKOB, a TaK:>Ke cpopMHpyeMbIx .D;aHHbIX, HCnOJIb3yeMbIx B MaTeMaTHqeCKHX MO-
.AeJISlX CHCTeM. AJISI 06eCneqeHHSI cpYHKUHoHHpoBaHHSI HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOH, ynpaBJISlIOI.QeH qaCTeH H
npHKJIa,r:J;HbIX nporpaMMHbIx CHCTeM AT A He06xo.D;HMa .D;OnOJIHHTeJIbHaSl HHcpopMauHSI OT Cpe.D;CTB
.D;HarHocrnpoBamUl, SlBJISlIOIl{HXCSI COCTaBHOH qaCTblO KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro 06'beKTa, a TaIOKe OT cpe.D;CTB
.AHarHOCTHpOBaHHSI, BbIIIOJIHeHHbIX KOHCTPYKTHBHO OT.D;eJIbHO. TaKHM 06pa30M, B JII060H COBpe-
MeHHOH cHCTeMe)l(A T HaJIHqHe .D;OnOJIIillTeJIbHbIX YCTPOHCTB H nporpaMMHo-annapaTHbIX Cpe.D;CTB
AT A SlBJISleTCSI He06xo,lIHMbIM CHCTeMHbIM KOMnOHeHTOM.
AJISI TeXHHqeCKOH .D;MarHOCTHKH COCTOSlHHSI 06'beKTOB )l(A T npHMeIDIIOT CTaUHOHapHbIe H MO-
6HJIbHbIe CHCTeMbI .D;HarHOCTHpOBaHHSI H nepeHOCHbIe .D;HarHOCTMqeCKHe KOMlIJIeKCbI.
CmaljU01tapllble cucmeMbl.D;MarHOCTHpOBaHHSI pa3.D;eJISlIOTCSI Ha CneUHaJIH3MpOBaHHbIe .D;JISI OT-
.AeJIbHbIX BH.D;OB ycrpOHCTB )l(A T (HarrpHMep, peJIbCOBbIX u.eneH, Ka6eJIbHbIX CeTeH, ycrpOHCTB 3JIeK-
TponMTaHHSI H .D;p.) H YHHBepcaJIbHbIe)lJISI KOMlIJIeKCHOro .D;HarHOCTHpOBaHHSI cHCTeM)I(A T.
M 06WZbllble cucmeMbl.D;HarHOCTHpOBaIillSl pa3MeIl{alOT Ha nO.D;BM:>KHOM COCTaBe (BarOHe- JIa60pa-
TOpHH, .Ape3HHe H T.n.) HJIH Ha aBTOTpaHcnopTe H npHMeHSlIOT TaM, r,lIe no TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHM HJIH
3KOHOMHqeCKHM YCJIOBMSIM HeueJIeco06pa3HO HJIH HeB03MO:>KHO npMMeHeIille CTaIJ;HOHapHbIX CHCTeM.
llepe1l0Cllble OUa21l0CmUllecKue KOMnJleKcbl, peaJIH3yeMbIe Ha 6a3e nepeHOCHbIX KOMnbIOTepOB,
npHMeIDIIOTCSI.D;JISI nOBbIllIeHHSI 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTH nOHCKa HeHcnpaBHOCTeH, npOBe.D;eHHSI peMOHTHO-
BoccraHOBlITeJIbHbIX pa60T.
CTpYK'rypa CMCTeMbI TeXHHqeCKOrO .AHarnOCTHpOBaHHSI H MOHHTopHHra YCTPOHCTB )l(A T crpo-
HTCSI no MHoroypOBHeBOMY HepapXHqeCKOMY npHHUHny C u.eJIblO pellIeHHSI CJIe.n;yIOIl{HX OCHOBHbIX
3a,r:J;aq: aBTOMaTH3au.HH KOHTpOJISl3KCnJIyaTaUHH YCTPOHCTB)I(A T (06eCneqeHHe onepaTHBHoro H
ynpaBJISlIOIl{ero nepCOHaJIa .D;OCTOBepHOH HHcpopMau.HeH)lJISI BbIpa60TKH pellIeHHH); JIOKaJIH3aUHH
MeCT HapYllIeIillSl HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI ycrpOHCTB )l(A T H onpe.D;eJIeHIUI HeHcnpaBHOH arrnapaTypbI
(aBTOMaTHqeCKOe OnOBeIl{eHHe onepaTHBHoro nepCOHaJIa 06 aBapHHHbIX cHTyaUHSlx); C03.D;aHHSI
06I.QeCeTeBoH CHCTeMbI MOHHTopHHra COCTOSlIillSl H CP)'HKUHOHHpoBaHHSI YCTPOHCTB )l(A T; cpOpMH-
pOBamrn6a3 .D;aHHbIX H aJIropMTMOB HX 06pa60TKH; nporH03MpoBaIillSl no pe3YJIbTaTaM 06pa60TKH
nOJIyqeHHOH HHcpOpMaU.HH .D;HHaMHKH H3MeHeHHSI napaMeTpoB KOHTpOJISI)lJISI nJIaHHpOBaHMSI npo-
u.ecca TeXHHqeCKoro 06CJI)':>KHBaIillSl H peMoHTa ycrpOHCTB )l(A T; pacllIHpeHHSI HOMeHKJlarypbI KOH-
TpOJIHpyeMbIx H H3MepSleMbIX napaMeTpoB HanOJIbHOrO 060pY.AOBaHHSI )l(A T; MHTerpau. HH C .AeH-
CTByIOl.l{HMH H C03.AaBaeMbIMH MHcpopMaUHoHHbIMH H ynpaBlliIlOIUHMH CHCTeMaMH Pa3JIHqHbIX CJI)':>K6
:>KeJIe3HO.D;opo:>KHoro TpaHcnopTa.
CHCTeMa .D;HarnOCTMpOBaHMSI.D;OJI:>KHa HMeTb cJIe.AYIOI.QHe pe:>KHMbI pa60TbI:
- pe:JICUM o61lapY:JICeHUR HeHcnpaBHbIx npH60poB, 6JIOKOB M yqaCTKOB 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX u.eneH npH
IIITarnOH npoBepKe cpYHKU.HoHHpoBaIillSl;
- pe:JICUM KOM1lJleKC1l020 wzu 6b16opOll1l020 U3MepellUR napaMeTpOB YCTPOHCTB )l(A T;
- OUaJl0206blU pe:JICUM (peKOMeH,lIaUHH no BbIIIOJIHeHHIO He06xo.D;HMbIX ynpaBJISlIOI.QHX B03.D;eH-
CTBHH Ha npOBepSleMYIO CHCTeMY, npoBepKe M HacrpoHKe cooTBeTCTBYIOI.QMX napaMeTpoB).
21

TaK, IIepeXO Ha 60nee IIpOrpeCCHBHYIO TeXHOnOrnlO 3KcIInyaTaUHH H 06cJI)')KHBaHHSI YCTPOHCTB
3JIeKTpWIeCKOH ueHTpMH3aUHH Ha OCHOBe aBTOMaTH3aUHH npoueCCOB onpeeJIeHHSI TeXHHqeCKOrO
COCTOSlHHSI n03BonHT nOBblcumb onepamUBHocmb peazupOBaHU51 3KCIIJIyaTaUHoHHoro lllTaTa Ha H3-
MeHeHHSI COCTOSlHHH KOHTponHpyeMbIX 06'beKTOB (3a CqeT CPYHKUHOHHpOBaHHSI B peMbHOM MaClll-
Ta6e BpeMeHH); YMeHbUlumb KOllUlJeCmBO omKa30B, IIpHHOCSlIl{HX YIl{ep6 (3a CqeT CBoeBpeMeHHOH
cpHKcaUHH H YCTpaHeHHSI npeOTKa3HbIX COCTOSlHHH KOHTponHpyeMbIx 06'beKTOB); cOKpamumb Bpe-
Mfl BOCCmaH0811eHU51 B cnyqae OTKa3a (3a CqeT YMeHbllleHHSI BpeMeHH nOHCKa H YCTpaHeHHSI HeHcn-
paBHOCTeH).
BHe.ApeHHe CHCTeMbI HarHOCTHpOBaHHSI H MOHHTopHHra n03BonHT nOBbICHTb 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb
3KCIIJIyaTaUHH 3a CqeT: CHH)I(eHHSI KOnHqeCTBa OTKa30B H c60eB B pa60Te YCTPOHCTB )KAT; onTHMH-
3aUHH pe)l(HMOB pa60TbI penbCOBbIX ueneH H PyrHX YCTPOHCTB C perynHpyeMbIMH napaMeTpaMH;
nOBbIllleHHSI TeXHOJIOrnqeCKOH HCUHIIJIHHbI (nYTeM YBeJIHqeHHSI CTeneHH oCToBepHoCTH aHHbIX
o COCTOSlHHH YCTPOHCTB )KAT, nYTH, 3neKTpOCHa6)1(eHHSI); CHH)I(eHHSI TpyoeMKoCTH ynpaBneHHSI
npOUeCCOM 3KCnJIyaTauHH YCTPOHCTB )l(A T; nOBbIllleHHSI 6e30nacHoCTH H COKpall{eHHSI BpeMeHH
3a.Aep)l(KH noe3OB npH B03HHKHOBeHHH HelllTaTHbIX cHTyaUHH.
CHcTeMa TeXHHqeCKOrO HarHoCTHpoBaHHSI H yMeHHoro MOHHTopHHra YCTPOHCTB H CHCTeM
)J{A T C ueHTpMH30BaHHoH 06pa60TKoH pe3ynb TaTOB B APMax e)l()'pHbIX 3neKTpoMexaHHKoB, ,AHC-
ncrqepOB IIIq, OTeJIeHHSI, yrrpaBJIeHHSI oporn, onopHoro ueHTpa opraHH3yeTcSI no HepapXHqeC-
KOMY npHHUHny (pHC. 1.4) H 06eCneqHBaeT cJIeYIOIl{He ypOBHH aBTOMaTH3aUHH HarHoCTHpoBa-
HHSI H KOHTpOJISI:
- ypoBeHb yrrpaBJIeHHSI oporH (KoMnJIeKCbI K,D:K - III.IJ:);
- ypoBeHb .AHCTaHUHH IDIH OTeJIeHHH (KoMIIJIeKCbI K,D:K - IIIq.IJ:);
- ypoBeHb nHHeHHbIX 06'beKTOB )KAT Ha CTaHl(HSIX H neperoHax (CTaHUHoHHbIe KOMIIJIeKCbI A):(K-
CUE).
Ha ypoBHe ueHTpoB pa3Mell{alOTCSI nYHKTbI ueHTpMH3aUHH HarHocTHpoBaHHSI- KOMIIJIeKCbI
K,D:K, a Ha ypoBHe cTaHUHH pacnonaralOT nYHKTbI HarHoCTIIpoBaHHSI- KOMnJIeKCbI A):(K.
CpeCTBa BepxHero ypOBHSI KOMIIJIeKCa ,AHarHOCTHpoBaHHSI YCTPOHCTB CQE CPOpMHPYIOT:
- Ha ypOBHe cllY;JIC611I (CU:E), EU:.IJ:Y (oporH), perHoHMbHbIX PU:YTIOB - Ha OCHOBe cepBepa
.AHarnoCTHpoBaHHSI, MOHHTopHHra H nporH03a COCTOSlHHSI CHCTeM )l(eJIe3HO.A0p0)l(HOH aBTOMaTHKH
(K,D:K-III.IJ:) C opraHH3aUHeH cneUHMH3HpoBaHHoH ceTH APMoB (M06IDIbHbIX H CTaUHoHapHbIx)
HCneTqepa cnY)I(6bI III H ocTyna K 6a3e aHHbIX C APMoB HH)I(eHepa OpO)l(HOH na60paTopHH
(IIIJI), .IJ:HU: (noe3):{Horo HCneTqepa) H PYKOBOMll{ero nepcoHMa CJIY)I(6bI CU:E (IIII);
- no 06'beKmaM OUCmaHl/UU - KOHTpOJIbHO-HarHOCTHqeCKHe KOMnneKCbI HCneTqepOB IIIq
(K.ZJ:K-IIIq.IJ:) Ha OCHOBe cepBepa 6a3 aHHbIX ,AHarHOCTHqeCKOH HHcpopMamIH no TeXHOnOrHqeCKH
060cHoBaHHbIM 30HaM C opraHH3aUHeH cneUHMH3HpoBaHHoH celli APMoB (M06IDIbHbIX H CTaUH-
oHapHbIX) 3JIeKTpoMexaHHKoB, HCneTqepa IIIq H OCTyrra K 6a3e aHHbIX C APMOB PYKoBOMll{erO
nepcOHMa,AHCTaHUHH (IIIqy, IIIqr, IIIq).
06'beKTaMH KOHTponSl H HarnocTHpoBaHHSI B 3TOM KOMIIJIeKCe SlBJISlIOTCSI CTaHUHOHHbIe H nepe-
roHHbIe YCTpoHcTBa )KAT (c ueHTpMH30BaHHbIM pa3Mell{eHHeM annapaTypbI Ha nOCTax 3 U:, r AU:,
AI> KOHTeHHepHoro rnna), a TaK)I(e YCTpoHCTBa H CHCTeMbI )KAT c BCTpoeHHbIMH cpeCTBaMH Har-
HOCTHpoBaHHSI.
CpeCTBa HWlCHe20 YPOBH51- nOCHCTeMbI (KoMIIJIeKcbI) aBTOMaTH3aUHH CPYHKUHH HarHOCTH-
pOBaHHSI, KOHTponSl H Tex06cn)')KHBaHHSI YCTPOHCTB )l(eJIe3HOOpO)l(HOH aBTOMarnKH (A):(K-CU:E)
Ha CTaHUHSlX H COpTHPOBOqHbIX ropKax, 060PY.AOBaHHbIx eHcTBYIOIl{HMH H pa3pa6aTbIBaeMbIMH
YCTpoHcTBaMH MHKponpoueccopHbIX CHCTeM: 3U: (PTIU:, MTIIJ:), AE, .IJ:U:,.IJ:K H r AU:.
Ha OCHOBe KOHKpeTHoro aHMH3a CPYHKUHoHMbHoro Ha3HaqeHHSI pa3JIHqHbIX CHCTeM TeXHHqeC-
KOH ,AHarHOCTIIKH MO)l(HO BbI,JJ;enHTb B Ka)l()J;OH H3 HHX):{Be COCTaBJISlIOIl{He, KOTopbIe 06eCneqHBalOT
BbIIIonHeHHe onpeeJIeHHbIX BH,IJ;OB pa60T: HarHoCTHpoBaHHe H MOHHTopHHr.
CHCTeMa HarHoCTHpoBaHHSI On)l(Ha 06eCneqHTb:
- c60p, nepBHqHYIO 06pa60TKY H nepea qy HHcpopMaUHH 0 TeXHOnOrHqeCKHX npoueccax Ha
06'beKTaX KOHTponSl;
22

CepBHCHbIe QeHTpbI, A
pa3pa60T'IHKH <DopMHpoBaHHe H BeeHHe 6a3 aHHbIX C
H H3rOTOBHTenH HarHOCTHqeCKOH HHOpMaQHH, MOHHTopHHr, y
annaparypbI)I(A T npOrH03HpOBaHHe,aMHHHcTpHpoBaHHeHaypoBHe
OAO <<P)I()J:» III
f 
Pa60qHe MeCTa onepTHBHoro H ynpaBneHqeCKoro nepcoHMa
cnY)l(6bI CHrHMH3aQHH, QeHTpMH3aQHH H 6noKHpoBKH A
C
y
<DopMHpoBaHHe H BeeHHe 6a3 aHHbIX HarHOCTHqeCKOH HHOpMaQHH,
MOHHTopHHr,npOrH03HpOBaHHe,aMHHHcTpHpOBaHHeHaypoBHecnY)l(6bI III
)I(ene3HOH 1I0porn (K,[l,K -Ill.lJ:)
f4- Pa60qHe MeCTa onepTHBHoro H ynpaBneHqeCKOrO nepcoHana HCTaHQHH A
H CHrHaJIH3aQHH H CBSl3H C
0 y
.lJ: ABToMaTH3HpoBaHHbIH yqeT 3KcnnyaTaQHH )I(A T, OpMHpoBaHHe H BeeHHe
III 6a3lIaHHblx HarHOCTHqeCKOH HHOpMaQHH Illq, MOHHTopHHr, III
nporH03HpoBaHHe, aMHHHcTpHpoBaHHe Ha ypoBHe OTeneHHSI: )I(ene3HOH
oporn JillH HCTaHQHH (K,[l,K-Ill1I,[Q
-t
Pa60qee MeCTO HaqaJIbHHKa nHHeHHo-npoH3BocTBeHHoro yqaCTKa .A
.lJ:  (Ha Y3noBoH CTaHQHH) C
C y
n ,[{HarHOCTHpoBaHHe YCTpOHCTB )I(A T, OpMHpoBaHHe H BeeHHe 6a3 aHHbIX
HarHOCTHqeCKOH HHOpMaQHH yqaCTKa, onpeeneHHe npeoTKa3Horo III
COCTOflHHSI:annapaTYPbI)l(AT(K-Cl{E)
:
.lJ:  CTaHQHSI: H npJilleralOlI.{He neperOHbI.
Y cTpoHCTBa C'beMa H nepBHqHOH 06pa60TKH HarHOCTHqeCKOH HHOpMaQHH
C
n
,[(HarHoCTHpOBaHHe YCTpOHCTB )I(A T, perHCTpaQHfl C06bITHH, 06pa60TKa H nepeaqa
HarHOCTHqeCKOH HHOpMaQHH, nOKMH3aQHSI: MeCT HapyweHHSI: HOpMMbHOH pa60TbI
ycrpOHCTB)I(A T (K-Cl{E)
PHC. 1.4. CTpYKTypa HarHocTHpoBaHHSI H MOHHTopHHra YCTPOHCTB )l{A T
-aBTOMaTWIecK}'JO perHcrpaumo C06bI1'Hii (M3MeHeHIDI napaMerpoB lUIH cocrOIDIIDI ycrpoHCTB)J{A 1);
- cpOpMMpOBaHMe 6a3 .n:aHHblx;
_ nporH03MpOBaHMe no pe3ynb TaTaM 06pa60TKM nonyqeHHoH MHcpopMal{MM TeH,AeHl{MH H .n:HHa-
MMKM M3MeHeHMSI KOHTponHpyeMblx napaMeTpOB;
_ nOKMM3al{MlO MeCT HapyrneHMSI HOpMMbHOH pa60TbI YCTPOHCTB )l(A T H onpe.n:eneHMe HeMcn-
paBHOH arrrrapaTypbI;
23

- KOHTpOJIb pa60Tocnoc06HOCTH, aBTOMaUlqeCKOe TeCTHpOBaHlle CHCTeMbI H cpeCTB HarHOC-
THpOBaHHSI, aBTOMaTHqecKYlO KaJIH6pOBKY H3MepHTeJIbHbIX nOCHCTeM;
- HHTerpal{HlO C eHCTBYIOI.l{HMH H C03aBaeMbIMH CHCTeMaMH KOHTpOJISI H ynpaBJIeHHSI;
- B3aHMoeHCTBHe C 6a3aMH aHHbIX ACY-Ill.
CHCTeMa MOHHTopHHra omKHa 06eCneqHBaTb:
- rpacpWIeCKoe oT06pa)l(eHHe yqaCTKoB KOHTpOJISI (HHaMHqeCKOe oT06pa)l(eHHe COCTOSlHHSI YCT-
POHCTB)I(A T, C0061.l{eHHH 0 HapymeHHSlx HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI YCTPOHCTB CUE, nYTH, :meKTpo-
cHa6)1(eHHSI C pa3JIWIHbIMH ypOBHSlMH eTaJIH3al{HH, KOHTpOJIb pa60TbI ,n:CTI);
- perYJIHpyeM)'lO l{eHTpaJIH3al{HlO aHHbIX H perYJIHpyeMbIH ocTyn K 6a3aM aHHbIX JUISI pellJe-
HHSl3a.Aaq yrrpaBJIemrn, IUIaHHpoBaHIDI, cepBHcHoro H cpHpMeHHoro 06CJl)')KHBaHIDI ycrpOHCTB)J{A T;
- B03MO)l(HOCTb yaJIeHHOrO ocTyna K pacnpeeJIeHHbIM KOMnOHeHTaM JUISI MOHHTopHHra CHC-
TeM )l(A T H H3MeHeHHSI aJIrOpHTMa ,AHarHOCTHpoBaHHSI.
1.4. CHcTeMa nepeJJ;aIfH JJ;aHHbIX cn));-JIn
B pemeHHH np06JIeM HHcpopMaTH3al{HH )l(eJIe3HOOpO)l(HOrO TpaHcnopTa POCCHH o-
HOH H3 Ba)l(HeHllJHX SlBJISleTCSI 3aaqa aBTOMaTH3al{HH c60pa (C'beMa) nepBHqHOH onepa-
THBHOH HHcpopMal{HH B MeCTax ee 3apO)l(eHHSI, 06eCneqeHHSI npH 3TOM MaKCHMaJIbHOH
OCTOBepHOCTH HHcpopMal{HH H MHHHMaJIbHOrO BpeMeHH OCTaBKH ee nOTpe6HTeJISlM B
COOTBeTCTBHH C YCTaHOBJIeHHbIMH HopMaTHBaMH.
AKTOM npHeMOqHOH KOMHCCHH, Ha3HaqeHHOH YKa3aHHeM MTIC P<I> NQ C 1092y OT
10.12.1996 r., CHCTeMa H annapaTHo-nporpaMMHbIH KOMnJIeKC CTI,n:-JITI npHHSlTbI H peKO-
MeHOBaHbI .AJISI THpa)l(HpOBaHHSI H npHMeHeHHSI Ha ceTH )l(eJIe3HbIX opor POCCHH B Kaqe-
CTBe 6a30BoH CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO c60pa, 06pa60TKH H nepeaqH HHcpopMal{HH,
nOJIyqaeMOH OT npHKJIaHbIX CHCTeM:
- KOHTpOJISI TeXHHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI nOBH)I(HOrO COCTaBa (TIOHAE, ,n:I1CK, PI1CK);
- KOmpoIDI CP}'HKIUIOHaJIbHOro H TeXHWIeCI<Oro COCTOmIIDI ycrpoHCTB Cl(E Ha cra.IIl{IDIX H neperoHax;
- aBTOMarnqeCKOH H.AeHTHcpHKal{HH nOBIDKHbIX 06'beKTOB )l(eJIe3HOOpO)l(Horo TpaHcnopTa;
- KOHTpOJISI CPYHKl{HOHaJIbHOrO H TeXHHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI cpecTB CBSl3H, 3HepreTHqeC-
Koro X03S1HcTBa, oxpaHHoH H nO)l(apHOH CHrHaJIH3al{HH H npH He06xoHMOCTH pyrHx 06'beK-
TOB )l(eJIe3HOOpO)l(HOrO TpaHcnopTa.
CHCTeMa nepeaqH aHHbIX opraHH3yeTcSI C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM HMelOl.l{HXCSI KaHaJIOB TOHaJIbHOH
qaCTOTbI H BKJIlOqaeT B ce6S1: roJIOBHYlO TI3BM (cepBep CHrHaJIOB), KOHl{eHTpaTOpbI (KI1) H KOH-
TpOJIJIepbI (K).
B KaqeCTBe cepBepa CHrHaJIOB HCnOJIb3yeTcSI BKJIlOqeHHaSl B JIOKaJIbHYlO BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHYlO ceTb
TI3BM, HMelOwaSl nOCJIeOBaTeJIbHbIe nopTbI COM 1 H COM2.
CeTb nepeaqH aHHbIX npeycMaTpHBaeTcSI JISI HCneTqepCKHX KpyroB C HCnOJIb30Ba-
HHeM CYWecTBYlOl.l{HX KaHaJIOB CBSl3H. 061.l{ee qHCJIO yqaCTKOBbIX ceTeH c60pa .AaHHbIX onpe-
eJISleTCSI H3 YCJIOBHH 06eCneqeHHSI rapaHTHpoBaHHoro MHHHMaJIbHOrO BpeMeHH OCTaBKH
HHcpopMal{HH. ,n:JISI KOHTpOJISI H onepaTHBHoro PYKOBocTBa npeycMaTpHBalOTcSI aBTOMa-
TH3HpoBaHHbIe pa60qHe MeCTa - ,n:HU, Bq,n:, ,n:rTI HO,n:, lll,n:, lllq,n:.
B COCTaB YCTPOHCTB CHCTeMbI nepeaqH aHHbIX CTI,n:-JITI BXO.ASIT:
- KOHTpOJIJIepbI CUE (K), oC)'Il{ecTBlliIlOl.l{He c60p HHcpopMamlH rryreM nO.lU<JIlOqeHIDI K JIaMIIaM
Ta6JIo-3U H nepe.Aaqy ee B ceTb CII,lJ;-JITI Henocpe.ACTBeHHo HJIH qepe3 KOHl{enrpaTop HHcpopMaWIH;
- KOTpOJIJIepbI ,n:I1CK o::I:) H TIOHAE (TI), ocyweCTBJISllOl.l{He c60p HHcpopMal{HH co CTaHl{HOH-
HbIX CToeK H nepeaqy ee B ceTb CTI,n:-JITI;
- KOlll.{empaTOpbI HHCPOPMalUlli (KI1), 06ecrre'lliBalOIl{He }lBIDKY C KOHIpOJIJIepaMH cru>, )U1CK, TIO-
HAI>.
KOH1.JeHmpamopbl umJJOPMalJUU KI1 npeCTaBJISllOT C060H MHKpOnpOl{eCCOpHbIe YCTPOH-
CTBa C 6JIOKOM nHTaHHSI H Ha60poM OT.AeJIbHbIX MOYJIeH, K KOTOpbIM OTHOCSlTCSI: l{eHT-
paJIbHbIH npol{eccop (MUTI-2); YCTPOHCTBO npe06pa30BaHHSI CHrHaJIOB TOKOBoe (YTICT);
24

HCKpeTHbrn BBO (M,l];B-3, M,l];B-4) H MOeMbl. TI03Hl{HH MOeMOB HJIll MoyneH YTICT (RS-
232) ycnoBHo HYMepYIOTcSI OT «0» .AO «5». TI03Hl{HSI «0» (KpaHHSISI neBaSl B Kopnyce KOHl{eHT-
paTopa) H COOTBeTCTBeHHO KaHan, nOKnlOqaeMbIH K pa3'beMY KO, npeHa3HaqeHbI ,lUISI nepe-
aqH HHcpopMal{HH «BbIlliecToSlm:eMY» YCTPOHCTBY B CTI,l];, a n03Hl{HH «1...5» (TaK Ha3bIBae-
MbIe HU306ble KaHaJlbl, nOKnlOqaeMbIe K pa3'beMaM KI.. .K5) - ,lUISI c60pa HHcpopMal{HH OT
«HH:>KeCTOSlm:HX» YCTPOHCTB.
KOHueHTpaTopbI YCTaHaBnHBalOTCSI Ha CTaHl{HSlX B JIA3ax, KOMHaTax CBSl3H HnH B .APyrHx
nOMem:eHHSlX, re HMeeTCSI nHTaHHe 220 B HnH 24 B, nOBe.AeHbI qeTbIpexnpoBoHbIe OKOHqa-
HHSI nOKnlOqaeMbIX KaHanOB H HMeeTCSI B03MO)l(HOCTb HX 06cnY:>KHBaHHSI.
KOHmpOJlJlepbl TaK)I(e npecTaBnSlIOT C060H MHKponpoueccopHbIe YCTpoHCTBa H npeHa3Haqe-
HbI,lUISI CbeMa HHcpopMal{HH C HH30BbIX YCTPOHCTB, ee 06pa60TKH H ocpopMneHHSI cooTBeTCTBYIO-
m:HM 06pa30M,lUISI nepeaqH B CTI,l];.
,[(rrSl OCTaBKH :noH HHcpOpMaIJ:HH OT KOHTponnepOB K cepBepy CHrnanOB pa3pa60TaHbI Ba BapH-
aHTa CHCTeM nepeaqH aHHbIX, npeHa3HaqeHHbIX,lUISI pa60TbI C KaHan006pa3YIOm:eH annapaTY-
pOH pa3JIWIHbIX THIIOB.
OpZallU3a14.UH Cll,JJ lIa lIezpynno6blX KallaJIax. 3TOT BapHaHT peanH3yeTcSI Ha nlO60H annapa-
Type CBSl3H, 06eCneqHBalOm:eH He2pynno6ble KaHaJlbl mOHaJlbHOU lJaCmOmbl Tlf (TI-309, TI-330, B3-3
H np.) H HMeeT peBOBH.AHYIO CTPYKTYPY (pHC. 1.5, a).
TIpol{ecc 06MeHa HHcpopMal{HeH npOHCXOHT no cneYIOm:eMY anropHTMY. Ka:>KbIH H3 KOH-
l{eHTpaTopOB nepHOHqeCKH nOCbIJIaeT Ka.AP THna 3ATIPOC no BceM HMelOm:HMCSI Y Hero HH30-
BbIM KaHanaM (KpOMe KaHana «0») H O:>KH):{aeT OTBeTa Ha Hero. HH:>KeCTOSlm:HH KOHl{eHTpaTOp HJIH
KOHTponnep, nonyqHB 3anpoc H npOBepHB ero Ha COOTBeTCTBHe cpopMaTY, OTBeqaeT Ha Hero nH60
KapoM TIYCTOH OTBET (npH OTCYTCTBHH HHcpopMal{HH JISI nepeaqH), nH60 I1H<1>OPMA-
IJ:110HHbIM KA.n;POM (npH HanHqHH HHcpopMal{HH). EcnH 3anpoc npHHSlT C 01lIH6KaMH (HnH
06HapY:>KeHO HecooTBeTCTBHe cpopMaTY), HH:>KeCToSlm:ee YCTPOHCTBO Ha TaKoH 3anpoc He OTBeqa-
eT Bo06m:e.
KOHl{eHTpaTOp, nonyqHB OTBeT H TaK:>Ke npoBepHB ero COOTBeTCTBHe cpopMaTY H COBna.AeHHe
KOHTpOnbHOH CYMMbI, nOCbIJIaeT nH60 cneYIOm:HH 3anpoc (npH HopManbHoM npHeMe), nH60 3an-
poc Ha TIOBTOP KA,Z:(P A (npH 01lIH6Kax B npHeMe). CneyeT 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha TO, qTO 3an-
pOC Ha TI 0 BTOP KA,Z:(P A KOHl{eHTpaTOp nOCbIJIaeT, Bblep:>KaB naY3Y OKono 1,5 c, a 3anpoc cJIe.AY-
lOm:ero Ka.Apa - cpa3Y :>Ke, 6e3 naY3bl.
TIpH HenonyqeHHH OTBeTa Ha OqepeHOH 3anpoc 60neeBYx pa3 nopSl no KaKoMy-nH60 H3
HH30BblX KaHanOB, KOHl{eHTpaTOp cpopMHPyeT H nepeaeT BbIllieCTOHI.U;eMY YCTPOHCTBY co06m:eHHe
06 OTKa3e aHHoro KaHana. OfKa3 KaHana HH):{HUHpyeTcSI Ha 3KpaHe cepBepa CHrHanOB. TIocne BOC-
CTaHOBneHHSI KaHana TaK:>Ke nepeaeTCSI COOTBeTCTBYIOm:ee co06m:eHHe, nonyqHB KOTopoe, cepBep
CHrnanOB raCHT HH,LJ;HKal{HIO OTKa3a aHHoro KaHana.
TIo KaHany «0» KOHl{eHTpaTop 3anpOCOB He nOCbIJIaeT, 0:>KH):{aSl3anpoc OT BbIllieCTOSlm:ero YCT-
pOHCTBa H OTBeqaSl Ha Hero, KaK onHcaHO BbIllie. TIpH OTCYTCTBHH CBSl3H C BbIllieCTOSlm:HM YCTPOH-
CTBOM KOHl{eHTpaTOp coxpaHSleT npHHSlTYIO HHcpopMal{HIO B CBoeH naMSlTH. Koma OHa 6yeT non-
HOCTblO 3anonHeHa, KOHl{eHTpaTop nepecTaHeT nOCbIJIaTb 3anpocbI no HH30BbIM KaHan aM O
Tex nop, nOKa BCSI xpaHSlm:aSlCSI HHcpopMal{HSI He 6yeT nepeaHa HnH YHHqTO:>KeHa (nepeKJIIO-
qeHHeM nHTaHHSlI<OHl{eHTpaTopa HnH nOCbIJIKOH KOMaHbI CEPOC). TI3BM (cepBep CHrHa-
nOB) nOCbIJIaeT KOHl{eHTpaTopy, nO.AKJIlOqeHHoMY K COM-nopTY, 3anpocbI TaKoro :>Ke cpop-
MaTa H O:>KH):{aeT OTBeTa OT Hero. KpOMe Toro, TI3BM MO)l(eT nepeaBaTb nlO6bIe co06m:eHHSI
HnH KOMaHbI nlO60MY YCTPOHCTBY CTI,l];. OHH HMelOT CTpYKTYPY HHcpopMal{HOHHOro Ka.Apa H
paCCbIJIalOTCSI KOHl{eHTpaTopaMH BceM YCTpOHCTBaM CTI,l];, HO HcnonHSlIOTCSI nHllIb TeM, KOMY
OHH apeCOBaHbI, a OCTaJIbHbIMH HrHopHpYIOTCSI.
OPZaIIU3tl1{UH CIIj( lIa zpynn06blX KalllUlax. BTOpOH BapHaHT CII.D: peanH3YeTCSI C HCI10nb30BaHH-
eM 2pynno6blX KaHaJl06 Tlf (K-24 «ACTPA», K-3T). B 3TOM cnyqae CII.D: HMeeT nHHeHH)'IO CTPYKT)'-
PY H He Tpe6yeT npHMeHemUl KOHueHTpaTopOB, 3a HCKJIlOqeHHeM OHoro, SlBmlIom:erocSl cornacylO-
m:HM YCTpOHCTBOM Me:>KY KaHanaMH CBSl3H H TI3BM, Ha3bIBaeMoro KOOP,l];I1HATOPOM.
25

IV
0\
6
a
D
113BM
cepBep CnrmlJIOB
KoopHHaTOp
D
KOHQeHTpaTOp
4
113BM
cepBep CHrHaJIOB
Komponnep Komponnep Komponnep KOHTponnep Komponnep
2 3
K
KOHQeH-
TpaTOp
KOHQeHTpaTOp
2
o
KOHTponnep KOHTponnep
I I I
KOHQeHTpaTOp
6
KOHTpOnnep
KoopHHaTOp
D
KOHQeHTpaTOp
II3BM
cepBep CnrHaJIOB
KOHTponnep
KOHTponnep KOHTponnep 1 2 3
 
KOHTponnep KOHTponnep KOHTponnep
KOHQeHTpaTOp
KOHTponnep KOHTponnep 1
PHC. 1.5. BapHaHTbI CTPYKTYP nocTpoeHHSI Cll.lJ:-llll:
a - peBOBHHaSl; 6 - nHHeHHaSl; 6 - rH6pHHaSi
KOHTponnep

Bce KOHTpOnnepbI no,n:KmOqalOTCSI K qeTblpexnpOBo,n:HbIM OKOHqaHHSlM rpynnoBoro Ka-
Hana (pHC. 1.5, 6).
TIpHHUHn pa60TbI CrI,ZJ: Ha rpyrrnoBblx KamlJIaX OCHOBaH Ha nocne,n:OBaTenbHOM onpoce KOH-
TpOillIepOB, no,n:KJIlOqeHHbIX K 3TOMY Kammy. I1HHl{HaTOpOM onpoca SlBillIeTCSI cepBep CHrmlJIOB,
OTOpbIH qepe3 Koop.n:HHaTOp nOCbmaeT Ka.n:p 3ATIPOC nOOqepe.n:HO Ka)l(,[{OMY KOHTpOillIepy. 3TOT
3anpoc npHHHMalOT Bee KOHTpOillIepbI, no,n:KJIlOqeHHble K .n:aHHoM)' KamlJIY, HO OTBeqaeT Ha Hero
TonbKO TOT, a.Apec KOTOpOro COBna.n:aeT C a.n:peCOM, YKa3aHHbIM B 3anpoce. KOHTpOillIep, nonyqHB
«CBOH» 3anpoc H npOBepHB ero Ha COOTBeTCTBHe cpopMa1)', OTBeqaeT Ka.n:pOM I1H<I>OPMAIJ:I10H-
HbIH: OTBET, ecnH HMeeT HHcpOpMaUmo )])Ifl nepe,n:aqH, H Ka.n:pOM TIYCTOH: OTBET, ecnH He
HMeeT TaKOH HHcpopMaUHH. I1HcpopMaUHOHHbIH OTBeT npHHHMaeTCSI Koop.mmaTopOM, npOBepSleT-
CSI Ha npaBHJIbHOCTb cpopMaTa H COBna.n:eHHe KOHTpOnbHOH CYMMbI H npH OTCyrCTBHH 0llIH60K nepe-
.n:aeTCSI B cepBep CHrnanOB. TIpH HanHqHH 0llIH60K Ka.AP HrHopHpYeTCSI, 0 qeM co061l{aeTcSI cepBepy
CHrHanOB, H B cne.n:ylOll{eM 3anpoce ,n:aHHOMY KOHTpOillIepy 6y,n:eT nepe.AaHa KOMaH,Aa nOBTopHTb
rrpe)J,bI)l;YIl{HH Ka.n:p. TIpH HenonyqemIH OTBeTa OT KOHTpOillIepa KOOp,AHHaTOp TaK)I(e nepe,n:aeT B
TI3BM C0061l{eHHe 06 OTK33e YCTpoHcTBa, qTO HHL(HUHpyeTCSI Ha 3KpaHe cepBepa CHrHanOB.
KaK nOKa3bIBaeT npaKTHKa, He Bcer.n:a SlBnSleTCSI B03MO)l(HbIM opraHH30BaTb qHCTO nHHeHHYlO
CTPYKTYPY, TaK KaK He Ha Bcex CTaHUHSlX HMeeTCSI B03MO)l(HOCTb no.n:KJIlOqeHHSI K rpyrrnoBOMY KaHa-
ny, H, KpOMe Toro, npH HanHqHH HeCKonbKHX KOHTpOillIepOB Ha O,lUIOH CTaHUHH HX HeB03MO)l(HO
no.n:KJIlOqHTb Henocpe.n:CTBeHHO K O,n:HOMY KaHanbHOMY OKOHqaHHlO. TI03TOM)' B03HHKaeT He06xo-
,AHMOCTh B «rH6pH,lUfOM» BapHaHTe CrI,ZJ:, 06'be.n:HHSllOll{eM 06a onHcaHHbIX BbIllie BapHaHTa (PHC.
1.5, 6). CTpYKTypa CTI,lJ, B TaKOM CJIyqae nonyqaeTCSI .n:OCTaTOqHO CnO)l(HOH. YBenHqHBaeTCSI KonH-
qeCTBO p33JIWIHbIX BapHaHTOB nporpaMM, YCTaHaBJllIBaeMbIX B KOHTpoillIepax H KOHueHTpaTopax,
qTO HeCKonbKO ycno)l(HSleT Hana.n:KY H 3KcIDIyaTaUHlO CHCTeMbI.
,[LrrSl nepe.n:aqH HHcpopMaUHH B CTI.n; Bcex BapHaHTOB Hcnonb3YlOTCSI Mo.n:eMbI C qaCTOTHOH MO.AY-
illIUHeH 130012100 ru, 06eCneqHBalOIl{He CKOpOCTb nepe,n:aqH 1200 60,n:. YpOBHH nepe,n:aBaeMblx
CHrHanOB perynHpYlOTCSI H ,n:omKHbI YCTaHaBmmaTbCSI B COOTBeTCTBHH C HOpMaTHBaMH )])ISI nepe,n:a-
qH HHcpopMaUHH no KaHanaM Tq H cpH3HqeCKHM nHHHSlM CBSl3H.
KOHTpOillIepbI H KOHueHTpaTopbI C MO.AynSlMH MIJ:TI-2 (pHC. 1.6) HMelOT ,n:Ba HHcpopMaUHoHHbIX
BbIXo,n:a 6naro.n:apSl HanHqHlO ,n:onOnHlITenbHoro KOMMYHHKaUHOHHoro nopTa THIIa RS-232 C BbIXO-
,n:OM Ha pa3'beM K8. OCHOBHOH BbIX0.A (K7 B KOHTponnepax H KO B KOHueHTpaTopax) H .n:ononHH-
MO M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
fapaHTHpOBaHHoenHTaHHe
rpynnoBoro
npe.L\OXpaHHTenfl
H3 paCqeTa 2 A Ha OHH K,K

a
M9
220 B 11(
:E :E :E :E C"I
  g  
   Ed
:E :E :E :E K KOHTYPY
, ) 3alI.{HTHOrO
KO K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 ... 3a3eMneHHSI
Cx rIP CxK
c::J
lJeTblpexnpoBO.L\HOe
OKOHlJaHHeKaHMa
__ II(
lJeTbIpexnpoBO.L\Hoe
OKOH'laHHe
Ka6enbH<UI JU1HWI
__ 11(
__ 11(
PHC. 1.6. KOHQeHTpaTop HH<l>opMaQHH KM-8 (3neKTpHqeCKaSi cxeMa nOKmOqeHHSI) Cll,[{-JIII
27

TenbHbIH (K8) nonHOCTblO He3aBHCHMbI JJ:pyr OT JJ:pyra H paBHOnpaBHbI. KOHrponnepbI H KOHl{eHT-
paTopbI MOryr BbJ):{aBaTb HHcpopMal{HlO no 060HM 3THM BbIXO.n:aM IUIH no n1060MY H3 HHX. HHcpOp-
Mal{ml C .n:ononHHTenbHoro BbIXo.n:a K8 BbJ):{aeTCSI BcerJJ:a B npOTOKone K-2.
KonmpoJlJlep CQE (K) YCTPOHCTB 3D: C Mo.n:ynSlMH JJ:HcKpeTHoro BBOJJ:a M.IJ:B cnY)l{HT JUISI CDeMa
HHcpopMal{HH C naMn Ta6no H naMn CTpenOqHOrO KOMMyraTopa, HMelOll{erO HeHTpaJIbHOe nono)l{e-
HHe PYKOSlTKH, npH KOTOpOM KOHTponbHble naMnbI He ropSlT. TIpHMepbI nOJJ:KnlOqeHHSI cxeM K MO.n:y-
nlO M.IJ:B npHBeJJ:eHbI Ha pHC. 1.7. Bo BpeMSI pa60TbI KOHTponnep CqHTblBaeT HHcpopMal{HlO co Bcex
BXOJJ:OB ocex MO.AyneH H n06HTHo cpaBHHBaeT ee C HHcpopMal{HeH, CqHTaHHOH B .n:BYx npeJJ:bJ):{YIl{HX
l{HKJIaX qTeHHSI.
113MeHeHHe CHrHaJIa CqHTaeTCSI JJ:eHcTBHTenbHbIM, ecnH OHO nOJJ:TBep)l{JJ:aeTcSI B .n:BYX l{HKnaX
nO.APM, HHaqe HrHopHpyeTcSI. TI pH 06HapY)l{eHHH .AeHCTBHTenbHoro H3MeHeHHSI XOTSI 6bI OJJ:Horo
CHrHaJIa cpopMHpyeTcSI UHfjJOpMa1.JUOHHblU 6110K. B 3TOT 6nOK BKnlOqaeTCSI HHcpopMal{HSI TonbKO C
Tex MOJJ:yneH, B KOTOpbIX 6bIJIO 06HapY)l{eHO .n:eHCTBHTenbHoe H3MeHeHHe XOTSI 6bI o.n:Horo 6HTa
HHcpopMaUHH, a TaK)I{e YKa3bIBaeTCSI nOPMKOBbIH HOMep 3THX MOJJ:yneH. EcnH COCTOSlHHe BXO.n:OB
KaKHx-nH60 MOJJ:yneH He H3MeHSlnOCb, TO HHcpopMal{HSI C HHX B 3TOT 6nOK He BKnlOqaeTCSI.
Ka)l{)J;ble 2 MHH He3aBHCHMO OT HanHqHSI H3MeHeHlrn B HHcpopMal{HH CPOpMHPYeTCSI H nepe.n: aeTcSI
nOllHbl'U 6110K, B KOTOpbIH BKJIlOqaeTCSI HHcpopMal{lUI OT ocex YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX B KOHTponnepe MO.AyneH.
TIO.AKJIlOqeHHe MO.AyneH M.IJ:B K 06'beKTaM KOHTponSl npoH3Bo.n:HTCSI npH nOMOIl{H llITaTHbIX )l{ry-
TOB qepe3 pa3'beMbI THna PTI 14- 30, npHqeM BIUIKa pacnonaraeTcSI Ha )l{ryTe, a K p03eTKe nOJJ:KJIlOqa-
lOTCSI MOHTa)I(Hble npoBoJJ:a,H.AYIl{He OT KOHTponHpyeMblx 06'beKTOB qepe3 pe3HCTOpbI. Pe3HcTopbI
3K, qepe3 KOTopble 06'beKTbI KOHTpOnSl nOJJ:KJIlOqalOTCSI K Mo.n:ynSlM M,lIB, pa3Mell{alOTCSI Ha cneUH-
aJIbHbIX naHenSlX.
B KOnmpOJlJlepe jJHCK (jJ) npeJJ:)'cMoTpeHbI JJ:Ba Cnel{HaJIbHbIX MOJJ:)'nSl M.IJ:B-.IJ:I1CK JUISI CqH-
TblBaHHSI HHcpopMaUHH co CTaHUHoHHOH CTOHKH B napaJInenbHOM JJ:BOHqHO-JJ:eCSlTHqHOM KOJJ:e, no-
o

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ro
fo-
:E
r::
:::s
ro
r::::
r--------,
I CTpenOqHbIH KOMMYTaTOp I
I 33
31
32 I
I
Pll-14-30 )I{ryr H,l],B-3C
P03eTKa BHnKa lOB
lKMC
12
13
KHI
nOCBeTKa
MC crpenoK
3K
3K
IKMC
3
3K
u
t")

1:1
:E
ro
f0-
ro

30MC t::
MC
C (CX)
MC
3K
C HnH CX
PHC. 1.7. II pHMepbI cxeM nOKmOqeHHfl MO.L\yneH M,l],B K 06'beKTaM KOHTponSi
28

cTynalOIIlHM no 40 JIHHHSlM. CqHTaHHaSl HH<popMaUHSI 06pa6aTbIBaeTcSI H O<popMJISleTCSI B 6JIOKH
THna «BarOH» H «noe3L(», KOTopbIe nepeL(alOTCSI Ha l{eHTpaJIbHbIH nOCT qepe3 CTI,n:.
KonmpoJUIep IIOHAE (II) OTJIHqaeTCSI JIHllIb TeM, qTO BMeCTO MOL(YJIeH M,n:B-,n:I1CK B HeM
YCTaHaBJIHB3JOTCSI MO.AYJIH MTIB, KOTopbIe CqHTbIB310T HH<popMaUHIO C npHeMHOH CTOHKH TIOHAE
B nOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHOM 5-6HTOBOM Ko.n:e. 3Ta HH<popMaUHSI TaIOKe 06pa6aTbIBaeTCSI, O<pOpMJUleTCSI B
6JIOKH H nepe.n:aeTCSI Ha l{eHl])aJIbHbIH nOCT.
EJIOKH nHTaHHSI, MO.n:YJIH l{eHTpaJIbHOrO npOl{eCcopa, Mo.n:eMbI, a TaK)I(e Kopnyca KOHTpOJIJIepOB
,n:I1CK H TIOHAE YHH<PHl{HpOBaHbI H B3aHM03aMeHSleMbI Me)l():{Y C060H H C COOTBeTCTBYIOIIlHMH
MO.AYJISlMH KOHueHTpaTopOB H KOHTpOillIepOB .n:HCKpeTHoro BBo.n:a C onTpoHHoH 06BSl3KOH u:I:BO).
,n:JISI oT06pa:>KeHHSI noe3.n:HoH cHTyal{HH Ha CTaHl{HH HJIH qaCTH CTaHl{HH, BKJIlOqaeMOH B CHCTe-
MY TeJIeCHrHaJIH3al{HH, B 061l{eM CJIyqae HH<popMal{HSI CHHMaeTCSI co CJIe.n:YIOIl{HX KOHTpOJIbHbIX
JIaMn Ta6JIo 3Q (rnnOBbIX npoeKTHbIx pellIeHHH aJIb60MOB MPQ -9, MPQ -13, 3Q -9):
-IUIIOCOBoro H MHHycoBoro nOJIO)l(eHHSI CTpeJIOK, BXO.n:SlIl{HX B KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIe APM-,n:HQ
MapllIpyn,I;
- 3aHSlTHSI npHeMo-oTnpaBOqHbIX nYTeH, nYTeBbIx 6eCCTpeJIOqHbIX yqaCTKOB, CTpeJIOqHbIX ceK-
l{HH, BXOL(5lIl{HX B KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIe MapllIpYTbI (061l{aSl KOHTpOJIbHaSl JIaMna nyreBoro yqaCTKa);
- 3aMbIKaHHSI MapllIpyroB (6eJIbIe JIaMnbI);
- OTKpbITIDI BbIXOL(HbIX H MaHeBpoBbIX CBeTO<pOPOB, BXOL(5lIIlHX B KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIe IDIH nepece-
KalOIIlHe MapllIpyn,I APM -,n:HQ;
- 3aKpbIToro H OTKpbITOrO COCTOSlHHSI BXOL(HbIX cBeTo<popoB;
- BKJIlOqeHIDI npHrJIaCHTeJIbHbIX CHrHaJIOB;
-COCTOSlHHSl6JIOK-yqaCTKoB Ha neperOHax;
- Cpa6aTbIBaHIDI YCTPOHCTB KIT H YKCTIC;
- HaJIHqHSI KJIlOqa-:>Ke3JIa;
- 3aHSlTHSI neperoHoB;
- KOHTpOJISI YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO HanpaBJIeHHSI.n:BIDKeHHSI Ha neperoHe;
- OTMeHbI nOe3,AHoro H MaHeBpoBoro MapllIpyra C 3aIDITOro rryrn (rpyrrrrOBasI KOHTpOJIbHasI JIaMIIa);
- HCKYCCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHHSI MapllIpYTa (rpynnoBaSl- pe;JICUMa H HH):{HBH)::{yaJIbHbIe KOHT-
pOJIbHbIe JIaMnbI nyreBbIx yqaCTKoB).
,n:JISI oT06pa:>KeHHSI OTKa30B TeXHHqeCKOrO COCTOSlHHSI YCTPOHCTB CQE, BKJIlOqaeMbIX B cHCTeMY
TeJIecHrHaJIH3al{HH, HH<popMaUHSI CHHMaeTCSI co CJIe.n:YIOIIlHX KOHTpOJIbHbIX JIaMn Ta6JIo ,n:CTI:
- BbIKJIlOqeHHSI <pH.AepOB nHTaHHSI;
- HeHcnpaBHocTeH Bxo.n:Horo cBeTo<popa;
- neperopaHHSI JIaMn BbIXO,AHbIX H MaHeBpoBbIX cBeTo<popoB (MHraHHe 6eJIOH JIaMnbI);
- KOHTpOJISI pa60TbI npe06pa30BaTeJIeH, MHralOll{HX CHrHaJIOB, 6aTapeH, neperopaHHSI npe.Aox-
paHHTeJIeH;
- cpa6aTbIBaHHSI CHrHaJIH3aTOpa 3a3eMJIeHHSI;
- HeHcnpaBHoCTeH neperoHHbIx CHrHaJIbHbIX YCTaHoBoK;
- 3anycKa,n:r A;
- B3pe3a CTpeJIOK;
- 3aKpbITHSI H HeHcnpaBHOCTH nepee3L(OB.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THIIa ycrpOHCTB 3Q Ha CTaHl{HH nepeqeHb 06'beKTOB KOHTpOJISI SlBJISleTCSI HH,lJ;HBH-
.A)'aJIbHbIM,WISI Ka)K):(OH CTaHUHH, HO npH 3TOM .n:0JI)I(HbI 6bITb C06JIIO.n:eHbI OCHOBHbIe npHHl{HnbI noCT-
poeHIDI TeJIeCHrHaJIH3al{HH C npHMeHeHHeM YCTpoHCTB CTI,n:-JITI: ,WISI oT06pa:>KeHHSI noe30Hou cumya-
lJUU CHHMaeTCSI MHHHMaJIbHO .AOCTaTOqJ{oe KOJIWIeCTBO HH<pOpMaI.{HH B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHIDlMH
npIDIO:>KeHHSI K «3a.n:aHHIO Ha npoeKTHpOBaHHe»; ,WISI oT06pa:>KeHHSI meXHWleCK020 cocmORHUR ycm-
poocm6 CQE CHHMaeTCSI MaKCHMaJIbHoe KOJIWIeCTBO HH<pOpMaI.{HH C KOHTpOJIbHbIXJIaMII Ta6JIO 3Q.
Ha OCHOBaHHH cnHCKa 06'beKTOB KOHTpOJISI COCTaBllileTCSI pa60qasI Ta6JIHua 06'beKTOB KOHTpOJISI,
SlBJISlIOIIlaSlCSI HCXO,lUIbIM MaTepHaJIOM ,WISI COCTaBJIeHHSI cxeM nOL(KJIlOqeHHSI KOHTpoillIepoB CQE.
Ha OCHOBaHHH pa60qeH Ta6JIHUbI COCTaBJISlIOTCSI 3JIeKTpWIeCKHe cxeMbI nOL(KJIlOqeHHSI KOHTpoillIe-
pOB CQE H naHeJIeH pe3HCTopOB, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOTOpbIMH BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI MOHTIDK arrrrapaT)'pbI.
29

KOHTpOillIepbI YCTaHaBJIHBalOTCSI B nOMell{eHHH .D:CTI (nopSUJ:OK HX YCTaHOBKH onpe,n:eJISleTCSI npH
BbIIIOJIHeHHH MOHTa:>KHbIX pa60T). .D:JISl3all{HTbI 06CJIY:>KHBalOll{ero nepCOHaJIa OT nOpa:>KeHHSl3JIeK-
TpHqeCKHM TOKOM npH HapyrneHHH H30JISll{HH npe,n:YCMOTpeHO 3aHYJIeHHe KopnYCOB npH60pOB C
nOMOll{blO HYJIeBbIX npOBo,n:HHKOB nHTalOll{eH ceTH.
1.5. AnnapaTHo-nporpaMMHbIH KOMnJleKC
AHCneTQepCKOro KOHTpOJlH AnK-,l],K
ArrrrapaTHo-nporpaMMHbIH KOMlUleKC ,lUfCneT<IepcKoro KOIITpOJISI (ATIK-.D:K) SlBJUleTCSI O.n:HOH H3
HaH60JIee y.n:aqHbIX CHCTeM no peaJIH3al{HH CPYHKl{HH ,lUfcneT<IepCKOro KOHTpOJISI Ha COBpeMeHHOM
TeXHHqeCKOM ypOBHe.
CHCTeMa ATIK-.D:K pa3pa60TaHa no 3a,n:aHHIO QIl1 Cnel{HaJIHCTaMH Kacpe.n:pbI «ABTOMaTHKa H
TeJIeMexaHm<a Ha :>KeJIe3Ho.n:opO:>KHOM TpaHcnopTe» llrYTIC B paMKax OTpaCJIeBOH nporpaMMbI aB-
TOMaTH3al{HH X03S1HCTBa CHrHaJIH3al{HH H CBSl3H, YTBep:>K,lJ;eHa B 1999 r. H peKOMeH,AOBaHa K npHMe-
HeHHIO Ha ceTH ,n:opor POCCHHCKOH <I>e.n:epal{HH.
Pa3BHTHe ,n:OpO:>KHbIX ,n:HcneTqepCKHX l{eHTpOB nOTpe60BaJIO perneHHSI MHorHX opraHH3al{HoH-
HbIX H TeXHHqeCKHX BonpocoB, HanpHMep, nepe.Aaqy onepaTHBHoH HHcpopMal{HH 0 noe3.n:HOM nOJIO-
:>KeHHH Ha CTaHl{HSlX BceM 3aHHTepecoBaHHbIM nOJIb30BaTeJISlM He3aBHCHMO OT MeCTa HX HaXO:>K,lJ;e-
HHSI. KOMlUleKc ATIK-.D:K 06eCneqHBaeT He06xo,n:HMOH HHcpopMal{HeH CTaHl{HH, .n:HCTaHl{HH CHrna-
JIH3al{HH H CBSl3H, nYTH, :meKTpOCHa6:>KeHHSI H oT,n:eJIeHHSI,n:oporH.
OT KOMlUleKca ATIK -.D:K Ha ,n:OpO:>KHbIH ypOBeHb nepe,n:alOTcSI.n:Ba nOTOKa HHcpopMal{HH: 0 pa60-
Te H OTKa3ax YCTPOHCTB CQE H 0 noe3,n:ax (noe3.n:HbIe Mo,n:eJIH). llep6blu nomOK npe,n:Ha3HaqeH JUISI
,lUfCI1eT<IepCKOro H a,n:MHHHCTpaTHBHoro annapaTa CJIY:>K6 CQE H CBSl3H, a 6mopou nomOK 06eCneqH-
BaeT HHcpopMal{HIO 0 nOe3.AaX, HCnOJIHeHHbIH rpacpHK .n:BH:>KeHHSI, ,n:aHHbIe no TP A CTaHl{HH, qTO
He06xo,n:HMO ,n:HcneTqepaM .AOpO:>KHOrO ypOBHSI H annapaTY CJIY:>K6bI ,n:BH:>KeHHSI. TaKHM 06pa30M,
HCnOJIb30BaHHe cpe,n:CTB BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHOH TeXHHKH n03BOJIIDIO paCrnHpHTb CPYHKl{HOHaJIbHbIe B03-
MO:>KHOCTH CHCTeMbI ATIK-.D:K He TOJIbKO JUISlonoe3,n:Horo ,lUfcneT<Iepa, HO H pernHTb OCHOBHbIe 3a.Aa-
qH no KOHTpOJIIO COCTOSlHHSI TeXHHqeCKHX cpe,n:CTB CHCTeM :>KeJIe3HO.AOpO:>KHOH aBTOMaTHKH Ha ne-
perOHax H CTaHl{HSlX ,n:HcneTqepCKOro yqaCTKa.
I1Haqe rOBOpSl, CHCTeMa ATIK -.D:K HMeeT ,n:BOHHoe Ha3HaqeHHe H 06ecneqHBaeT:
- onepamU6HblU C'beM UHfjJOpMa1.JUU C CU2HaJlbHblX ycmaHo60K nepnOH06 0 COCTOSlHHH peJIbCO-
BbIX l{eneH 6JIOK-yqaCTKOB, CBeTocpopOB H .n:PyrHx TeXHHqeCKHX Cpe.n:CTB H nepeoal.lY ee Ha cmaH-
lJUU .n:JISI nOCJIe,n:YIOll{ero HCnOJIb30BaHHSI JUISI KOHTpOJISI noe3,n:Horo nOJIO:>KeHHSI H TeXHHqeCKOrO
,n:HarHOCTHpOBaHHSI neperOHHbIX YCTPOHCTB;
- onepamU6HblU C'beM UHljJOpMalJUU Ha cmaHlJuflX 0 COCTOSlHHH nYTeBbIX 06'beKTOB H TeXHHqeCKHX
cpe.n:CTB H nepeoal.lY ee noe30HOMY OUcneml.lepy U OUcneml.lepy OUCmaHlJUU CU2HaJlU3alJUu U C6fl3U;
- o6pa6omKY U om06pa:JICeHUe UHljJOPMalJUU y nOJlb306ameJleU no: Be.n:eHHIO HCnOJIHSleMoro rpacpHKa
,lJ,BH:>KeHIDI noe3,n:OB; pacqery nporn03HpyeMoro rpacpHKa no TeK}'Il{eM)' nOe3):{H0M)' nOJIO:>KeHillO; pacqe-
Ty nOKa3aTeJIeH pa60TbI yqaCTKa H BbJ):{aqe cnpaBOK; JIOrwIecKOM)' onpe.n:eJIeHillO JIO:>KHOH CB060):{H0CTII
yqaCTKa H onacHoro C6JIIDKeHIDI noe3.AOB; amullny pa60TbI ycrpOHCTB CQE; onpe.n:eJIeHillO npe,n:OTKa3-
HOro COCTOSIHIDI YCTPOHCTB; 06HapY:>KeHHIO OTKa3a; OnTHMH3al{HH nOHCKa H ycrpaHeHHIO HeHcnpaBHO-
CTeH; apXHBal{HH H BOCCTaHOBJIeHHIO C06bITH:H; CTaTHCTHKe H yqery peCypcOB npH60pOB.
TaKHM 06pa30M, OCHOBHbIMH 3a.AaqaMH annapaTHo-nporpaMMHoro KOMTIJIeKCa ,lUfcneTqepCKOro
KOHTpOJISI (ATIK-.D:K) SlBJISlIOTCSI c60p H 06pa60TKa HHcpopMal{HH 0 COCTOSlHHH YCTPOHCTB CQE L{IDI
06eCneqeHHSI onepaTHBHOCTH npHHSlTHSI He06xo.n:HMbIX TeXHHqeCKHX perneHHH no BOCCTaHOBJIe-
HHIO pa60Tocnoc06HOCTH KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx YCTpoHCTB H nporH03HpOBaHHIO HX nOBe,n:eHHSI. TIpHH-
l{HnbI c60pa HHcpopMallHH B 3TOM KOMnJIeKCe 06eCneqHBalOT .n:OCTOBepHbIH KOHTpOJIb noe3.n:Horo
n0J10:>KeHHSI B peaJIbHOM MacrnTa6e BpeMeHH, qTO .n:aeT OCHOBaHHe HCnOJIb30BaTb 3TY HHcpOpMallHlO
.AJISI npHHSlTHSI OnTHMaJIbHbIX perneHHH B npOl{eCce ynpaBJIeHHSI,n:BH:>KeHHeM noe3,n:OB.
KOMlUleKC ATIK-.D:K npe.n:CTaBJISleT C060H TpexypOBHeBYIO CTPYKTyPY (PHC. 1.8). HU:JICHUU ypo-
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KOHTponnepa
IIopT
KOHTpOnnepa
CA
K CHCTeMHOMY
3a3eMneHHIO
f <l
i R H3M U
"_._._ .....J
-------
. +24B +12B
«0» ::1:12 B 1
.l1cTOqHHK -12 B=----+
I nHTaHHjj +5 B r--+
. - 24 B «0» +5 B I
L-._._._.
I GND
. 
JIOKMbHbIH
Kopnyc, _
H30nupoBaHHbIH
OT 3a3eMneHHjj
MynbTH-
nnecop
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GNDl
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AHMoroBbIe
4>4>epeHQHMbHbIe
BXOllbI
 1 I
01
I
 1 I
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Pol
I . A -
I:: I I TpaH3HcTopHbIH. HMOroBbIH
 1 KOMMyraTOp II npe06pa30BaTenb I
 aHMOroBbI"- H4>4>epeHQHMbHoro
----I 4>4>epeHQHMbHbIX' . CHrHMa .
I . _ CM!.... . .J L . B O.n;H jj 'pHbIH . J
IIpeQH-
3HOHHbIH
BbIllpSlMH
T<!nb
I I
01 1-
I 1 1   ITOpT
QH4>poBbIe I OnTpoHHbIH 10 0
I I Pot::! KOHTponnepa I
BXO.n;bI Pol npe06pa30BaTenb 1-&  CD
I 1 :s: :is
1::1 I AC/DC I ::r 
01 10 I
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._._._.....J
PHC. 1.11. CTPYKTYPHafl cxeMa npH60pa nI1K-10.2
113MepSIeMoe HanpIDKeHl[e BbmpSIMJISIeTCSI npel{H3HOHHbIM BbmpSIMHTeJIeM. <PHJIbTPYeTCSI <pHJIbTpoM
HH3KOH 1-IaCTOTbI <1>Hq H B BH,[(e O.AHon01ISIpHoro aHaJIorOBoro CHrHaJIa C HanpSI}I(eHHeM, paBHbIM
cpe.lUIeMY 3HaqemllO BXO.lUIOrO cHrHaJIa, no.n;aeTCSI qepe3 MYJIbTillIJIeKCOp Ha AlJ,n, r.Ae npe06pa3Y-
eTCSI B BOCbMH6aHTHbIH KO.n;.
,[(JISI H3MepeHIDI conpOTHBJIeHHSI H30JISIl{HH HCnOJIb3YeTCSI BXO,lUIIl{HH B COCTaB nI1K-lO.2 HCTOq-
HHK nOCTOSIHHoro HarrpIDKeHHSI 24 B, C03.AaIOIl{HH TOKH YTeQKH B H3MepSIeMoH l{enH. KOTopbIe <p HK -
CHPYIOTCSI aHaJIOrO-l{H<PPOBbIM npe06pa30BareJIeM. Cnoc06 H3MepeHHSI OCHOBaH Ha H3MepemUiX
TOKOB yreQKH. npOTeKaIOI.UHX Me)K):{)' 3aIl{HTHbIM 3a3eMJIeHHeM peJIeHHOrO CTaTHBa H O.AHOH H3 BHe-
IIIHHX aHaJIorOBbIX l{eneH, K KOTOpOH B .AaHHbIH MOMeHT Qepe3 peJIeHHbIH KOMM)'TaTOp nO.AKJlIOQeH
nI1K-lO. ,[(JISI H3MepeHHSI Ha Aun Qepe3 MYJIbTHI1JIeKCOp nO.AaeTCSI HanpIDKeHHe, Bb:r.n;emleMoe Ha
R H3M H npOnOpl{HOHaJIbHOe conpOTHBJIemllO H30JISIl{HH. Bo H36e}l(aHHe BJIIDIHIDI Ha H3MepeHHe co-
npOTHBJIeHIDI H30JISIl{HH BXO.AHoro nepeMeHHoro HanpSI}I(eHIDI napaJIJIeJIbHO R H3M nO.AKJlIOQeH KOH-
.AeHCaTOp, 06Pa3YIOII.{HH cOBMecrno C R H3M H R B HH3KOQaCTOTHbIH <pHJlbTp.
36

\
.-/
,[(JUI nOBbIllIeHH» TOqHOCTH H3MepeHHH Harrp»}I(eHH» H COnpOTHBJIeHillI H30n»l{HH no KIDK,lJ;OMY
KaHaJIY nonyqeHHbIe .AaHHbIe ycpe.AH»IOTC» 3a 256 BbI60pOK. 3TO n03Bon»eT H3Mep»Tb Hanp»}I(e-
HHe C TOqHOCTbIO .AO 2 %, a conpoTHBneHHe H30n»l{HH - ,n;o 5 %. ,[(ec»Tb l{H<PPOBbIX BXO,n;OB
Qepe3 onTpoHHbIe npe06pa30BaTenH AC/DC nO.AIillIOqaIOTC» K COOTBeTCTBYIOIl.{HM BXO.AaM nop-
TOB KOHTponnepa CD. EcnH Ha l{H<PPOBOM BXO,D:e npHcYTCTByeT nepeMeHHoe Hanp»}I(eHHe, Ha
BbIXO.Ae onTpoHa B03HHKaeT nynbcHpYIOIl.{ee Hanp»}I(eHHe C aMfillHTy,n;OH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl.{eH TpaH-
3HCTOpHo-TpaH3HCTopHOH norHKe (TIJI). B npoTHBHOM cnyqae Ha BbIxo,n;e YCTaHaBnHBaeTc» no-
CTO»HHoe Hanp»}I(eHHe +5 B.
CB»3b MHKpoKoHTponnepa C ynpaBn»IOIl.{HM BHellIHHM npol{eCCOpOM YCTaHaBJIHBaeTC» no .AByM
nOCne.AOBarenbHbIM nHHH»M Rx H T x THIIa «mOKoeafl nemJlfl» HJIH qepe3 HHTep<peHc RS-485 C MaK-
CHMaJIbHOH CKOpOCTbIO ,D:O 9600 60.A. O.AHOBpeMeHHo K O,D:HOH JIHHHH CB»3H MO}l(eT 6bITb nO.AKJlIO-
qeHO.AO 16 npH60poB TIlfK -10 C HH,D:HBH,IJ;YaJIbHbIMH a,n;pecaMH.
Ha mrneHHbIX nYHKTax,WI» KOHTpOJI» 60nbllIoro KOJIHqeCTBa ,D:HCKpeTHbIX .AaT'IHKOB HCnOJIb3YIOT-
c» npH60pbI TIlfK -120. 3TH npH60pbI HMelOT 120 l{H<PPOBbIX BXO,n;OB, pacnpe.AeJIeHHbIX Ha 15 He3aBH-
CHMbIX rpynn no BoeeMb BXO.AOB B Ka)K)J;OH, H npe.lUIa:maqeHbI ,WI»: npe06pa30BaHH» B CTaH,AapTHbIH
l{H<PPOBOH BH,IJ; nOCTO»HHOro Hanp»}I(eHillI (+ 36 B.. .-36 B) HJIH nepeMeHHoro Hanp»)I{eHillI36 B qac-
TOTOH 50 rl{, nOCTyIIaIOIl.{ero Ha l{H<ppoBbIe BXO.lU>I; nepe,D:aqH B nOCJIe.AOBaTeJlbHOM KO.Ae, nOJIyqeHHo-
ro B pe3YJIbTaTe npe06pa30BaHH», MaCCHBa .AaHHbIX B KOHl{eHTpaTop no ero 3anpocy.
,[(HCKpeTHbIe CHrHaJIbI Ha BXO.AbI TIlfK -120 nO.AalOTc» Cnel{HaJIbHO Bb:r.n;eJIeHHbIMH KOHTaKTaMH
peJIe 3U, HJIH qepe3 onTpOHHbIe Pa3B»3KH C IilleMM nYJIbTa ynpaBJIeHillI ,[(CTI. TIoCJIe.AHHH BapHaHT
npe.AnOqTHTeJIbHee, TaK KaK He Tpe6yeT YCTaHOBKH ,n;ononHHTeJIbHbIX peJIe-nOBTOpHreJIeH npH OT-
CyrCTBHH CB060.lUIbIX KOHTaKTOB Y OCHOBHbIX KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx peJIe.
Ka)K):{bIH l{H<PPOBOH BXO,n; TIlfK-120M (pHC. 1.12) HMeeT onTpoHHbIH npe06pa30BareJIb LUI» raJIb-
BaHHqeCKOH Pa3B»3KH H 06IUHH LUI» rpynn KOMMYTHpyeMbIH npe06pa30BaTeJIb ypOBH» TTJI. HH-
<popMal{illI C BXO.AOB CqHTbIBaeTC» norpynnHo, T.e. n06aHTHo, TaK KaK B rpynne co,n;ep}l(HTC» BO-
ceMb BXO.AOB, nO,[(KJIIOqeHHbIX MHKpOKoHTpOJIJIepOM O.AHOBpeMeHHO. Hanp»}I(eHH» Ha BXO.AaX onT-
pOHHoro npeo6pa30BaTeJUI qepe3 OrpaHJNHTeJIbHbIe pe3HCTopbI npHKJIa,n:bIBaIOTC» K BCTpeq}{O BKJlIO-
qeHHbIM CBeTO.AHO.AaM BXO.AHbIX onTpoHoB. TIpH HaJIHqHH Harrp»}I(eHH» Ha KOHKpeTHOM l{H<PPOBOM
Bxo,n;e oCYIl.{eCTBJI»eTc» ero npe06pa30BaHHe B nOrHqeCKYIO e,n;HHHl{Y, B npoTHBHOM cJIyqae - B
JIOrHqeCKHH HOJIb. Bee 120 .AH<p<pepeHl{HaJIbHbIX nap BXO,n;OB 06Pa3YIOT 15 BOCbMHKaHaJIbHbIX rpyrrrr.
B Ka}l(,D:oH rpynne «B03BpaTHbIe» npoBO.Aa KaHaJIOB 2...7 06'be.AHHeHbI B «B03BpaTHbIH» npoBo,D:
rpyrrrrbI, a nepBbIH KaHaJI HMeeT CBOH He3aBHcHMbIH «B03BpaTHbIH» npOBO.A. KaHaJIbI C He3aBHCH-
MbIM «B03BpaTHbIM» npoBo.AoM n03BOJI»IOT nO.AIillIOqaTb raJIbBaHHqeCKH pa3B»3aHHbIe HCTOqHHKH
CHrHaJIOB, qTO pacIIlHp»eT B03MO}l(HOCTH HCnOJIb30BaHH» TIHK -120.
CB»3b MHKpOKoHTponnepa C Be.n;yIl.{HM npol{eCCOpOM YCTaHaBJIHBaeTc» no .ABYM nOCJIe.AOBareJIb-
HbIM nHHillIM Rx H T x THna «mOKoeafl nemJlfl» HJIH KOHBepTopOM RS-485. O.AHOBpeMeHHo no O.AHOH
JIHHHH MorYT pa60TaTb,n;0 16npH60poB TIlfK-120.
Y CTpOHCTBO KOHTpon» YK TPU, -8 npe.AHa3HaqeHO ,WI» H3MepeHH» cpe,n;HeKBa,n;paTHqeCKoro 3Ha-
qeHillI CHrHaJIOB (CK3) TOHaJIbHbIX peJIbCOBbIX l{eneH Ha BXO.Aax nYTeBbIX npHeMHHKoB H BbIXO.AaX
nYTeBbIX reHepaTopoB. TIpH60p HCnOJIb3yeTC» B cHCTeMax .AHarHOCTHKH TeXHHqecKoro COCTO»HillI
yCTpOHCTB 3U" aBTOMaTHqeCKOH 6JIOKHpOBKH C l{eHTpaJIH30BaHHbIM pa3MeIl.{eHHeM annaparypbI H
OCYIl.{eCTBJI»eT C'beM, 06pa60TKY H nepe.Aaqy HH<p0pMal{HH B COCTaBe HepapXHqeCKHX HJIH aBTO-
HOMHbIX CHCTeM H3MepeHH». TIpH60p YK TPU,-8-02 06eCneqHBaeT H3MepeHHe CK3 aMfillHTy,n;HO-
MO.AYJIHpOBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB nepeMeHHoro TOKa no BOCbMH BXO.AHbIM H3MepHTeJIbHbIM TpaKTaM.
B npH60pe npe,n;ycMoTpeHa B03MO}l(HOCTb HH,AHBH,IJ;YaJIbHOH HaCTpOHKH l{H<PPOBbIX <pHJIbTpOB Ka)l{-
,n;oro H3MepHTeJIbHOrO TpaKTa Ha onpe,n;eJIeHHYIO HecyIl.{YIO qaCTOTY TPU,3 HJIH TPU,4. TIapaMeTpbI
HaCTpOHKH coxpaH»IOTC» B 3HeproHe3aBHcHMoH naM»TH yCTpOHCTBa. TaK KaK npH60p pa3pa6aTbI-
BaJIC» KaK He06cJIY)l{HBaeMbIH, TO B ero COCTaBe npe.AYCMOTpeHbI BCTpoeHHbIe cpe.ACTBa caMO.AHar-
HOCTHKH H TaHMep annapaTHoro c6poca npol{eccopa (WatchDog).
ABToMaT .AHarHOCTHKH TOHaJIbHbIX peJIbCOBbIX l{eneH AJJ:TPU, npe.lUIa3HaqeH,WI» npHMeHeHillI B
CHCTeMax ,D:HCneTtIepcKoro Kompon» H CHCTeMax TeXHHqeCKOrO ,D:HarHOCTHpoBaHillI YCTPOHCTB 3U,
37

CBSl3b c BemHM
npOI.\eCCOpOM
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PHC. 1.12. CTpYKTYPHafl cxeMa npH60pa nI1K-120M
Ha }l(ene3Ho.n;opO}l(HOM TpaHcnopTe B Ka1.JeCTBe YCTpOifcTBa, oCYlI.{eCTBnSlIOlI.{erO H3MepeHl[e CK3
HanpSl}l(eHHSI CHrHaJJOB TPlJ, H BbmycKaeTCSI B 1.JeTblpeX BapHaHTaX HcnonHeHlrn, OTnHQaIOII.{HXCSI
,lUfana30HOM H3MepSleMoro HanpSl)l{eHlrn H 1.JaCTOTOM H3MepSleMbIX CHI'HaJIOB: A)J,TPlJ,-HH - YCT-
pOMCTBO ,WISI H3MeHHSI CK3 nepeMeHHoro HanpIDKeHHSI Ha Bxo.n;ax II)'TeBblx npHeMHHKoB TITI H
TITIM; A)J,TPlJ,-HB ,WISI H3MepeHIDI Ha BbIXO.n;ax rryreBblx reHepaTopoB rTI3; A)J,TPlJ,-BH -,WISI
H3MepeHIDI Ha BXO.n;ax rryreBblx npHeMHHKoB TIPlJ,4JI; A)J,TPlJ,-BB -,WUI H3MepeHIDI Ha BbIXO.n;ax
rryreBblx reHepaTopoB rTI4. ABToMaT A)J,TPlJ, (PHC. 1.13) COCTOHT H3 BOCbMH H3MepHTenbHbIX MO-
.n:yneM H MO.n;YllSl CBSl3H. Ka)K)J;bIM H3MepHTenbHbrn MO.n:yllb npe.ACTaBlliIeT C060M 3aKOH1.JeHHOe YCT-
pOMCTBO C raJThBaHH1.JecKoM pa3BSl3KOM OT ITHTaIOII.{HX H HHTep<\)eMcHbIX llHHHM. KOHCTp)'KlUUI A)J,TPlJ,
npe.n;CTaBllSleT C060M }l(eCTKHM KapKac C HanpaBlliIIOII.{HMH ,WUI <pHKCal{HH BOCbMH H3MepHTeJIbHbIX
Mo.n:ylleM, YCTaHoBneHHblx Ha 06'be,lUfHHTenbHoM rrnaTe C KOMM)'Tal{HOHHbIM pa3'beMOM PTII4-30JI.
C nOMOll{bIO KOMM)"fal{HOHHOro pa3'beMa npoH3Bo,lUfTCSI nO,[(KJII01.JeHHe A)J,TPlJ, K HCT01.JHHKY nHTa-
HHSI, BXO.AHbIM CHrHaJIbHbIM llHHHSlM H nocne.n;OBaTenbHOM)' HHTep<peMcy. qaCTb KOHTaKTOB KOMM)'-
38

K penbCOBOH
LlenH N!! 8
EnOK
3amI1THbIX
pe3HcTopOB A,l],TPQ
Rl.l
A1N1+
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npI1eMHI1K
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npHeMHHK
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A1N8-
RS-485
K penbcoBoH
LlenI1 N!! 1
K penbcoBoH
LlenI1 N!! 2
K CTaHLlHOHHOH
6aTapee
PHC. 1.13. CxeMa nOKmOqeHI1fl aBTOMaTa HarHOCTI1KH A)],TPQ
Tal.{HOHHOro pa3'beMa 3a.n:eHCTBOBaHbI .zuUI 3a.n:alUul ceTeBoro a.D:peca ycrpOHCTBa. TIo.n:KJII01.JelU[e
CHrHaJIbHbIX JUiHHH K ycrpOHCTBY npOH3Bo.n:HTCSI 1.Jepe3 6JIOK 3a:rn;HTHbIX pe3HCTopOB.
U,eHlpaJIbHbIe KOHl{eHTpaTopbI ATIK-,[(K npH nOMomH JIOKaJIbHOH BbI1.JHC1IHTeJIbHOH ceTH YBSI-
3aHbI C aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIMH pa601.JHMH MeCTaMH ,lUfcneT1.Jepa .n:HCTaHl{HH, noe3.n:HbIx ,lUfcneT1.Je-
pOB, 3Hepro,lUfCneT1.Jepa, CTapmero 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKa nOCTa ,[(U" a.D:MHHHcrpaTopa rem. Ha Ka:>K-
.AOM pa601.JeM MeCTe ,[(HU, Ha 3KpaHax APMOB oT06pa:>KaeTCSI BCSI nonyqeHHaSl HH<popMal{HSI no
cxeMe «yqaCTOK-cTaHl{IDI-rpa<pHK». ,[(lISI paCne1.JaTKH HCnOJIHeHHoro rpa<pHKa .ABH:>KeHHSI B COCTaBe
APM a,AMHHHcrpaTopa ceTH HMeeTCSll{BeTHOe ne1.JaTaIOmee ycrpOHCTBO <popMaTa A3.
<1>YHKl{HH .AHCneT1.JepCKOH nO.ACHCTeMbI ATIK-,[(K npe.n:CTaBJIeHbl B Ta6JI. 1.1.
TIo.n:CHCTeMbI BepxHero YPOBHSlATIK-,[(K - APM-,[(HU, H APM-Illq,l]. (CM. pHC. 1.8) HCnOJIb3Y-
lOT HCT01.JHHK HH<popMal{HH 0 COCTOSlHHH CTaHl{HOHHbIX H neperOHHblX YCTPOHCTB CU,E H YBSl3aHbI
B e.AHHbIH KOMnJIeKC JIOKaJIbHOH BbI1.JHCJIHTeJIbHOH ceTblO.
B COCTaB npHKJIa.D:lIOrO nporpaMMHoro 06eCne1.JelUUI.AHCneT1.JepCKOH nO.ACHCTeMbI BXO.AHT cne-
I.{HaJIH3HpOBaHHbIH MO.n:yJIb rpa<pH1.JeCKOrO npoeKTHpoBalUUI, npe.n;Ha3Ha1.JeHHbIH AJUI C03.n:aHIDI BceH
OCHOBHOH <paibIoBoH HopMarnBHoH 6a3bI, 06ecne1.JHBalOmeH <PYHKl{HOHHpOBaHHe CHCTeMbl ATIK -,[(K.
OH pa3pa60TaH KaK Windows-npHJIO)]{eHHe H n03BOJISleT: C03.n:aBaTb Ha 3KpaHax MOHHTOpOB H KOp-
peKTHpoBaTb H306pa:>KeHHSI CTaHl{HH H yqaCTKoB, paCne1.JaTblBaTb C<pOpMHpoBaHHbIe H306pa:>KeHIDI,
a TaIOKe Ta6JIHl{bI 3aBHcHMoCTeH; npHBSl3bIBaTb CHrHaJIbI TeJIeCHrHaJIH3al{HH TC K H306pa:>KeHIDIM
KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 3JIeMeHTOB; rOTOBHTb HCxo.n:HbIe .n:aHHble.lUlSl nporpaMMbI aBTOMarn1.JeCKOrO <pop-
MHpoBaHHSI HCnOJIHeHHoro rpa<pHKa .n:BH)]{eHHSI; C03.AaBaTh pa3.AeJIbIonHcaHIDI CTaHl{Hii.lUlSl <PYHK-
l{HOHHpOBaHHSI npOrpaMMbI nOJIyqeHHSI cnpaBoK no TP A CTaHl{HH H3 6a3bI .AaHHbIX.
I1H<p o pMal{IDI 0 COCTOSlHHH ycrpOHCTB CU,E Ha pa601.JHX MeCTax npHHHMaeTCSI no ceTH B BH,IJ;e
ceTeBbIX naKeTOB C HHTepBaJIOM B 2 C. O.AHH naKeT MO)]{eT cO.Aep)]{aTh co06meHHSI 0 COCTOSlHHH .n:o
460 06'beKTOB KOHTpOJISI. TIporpaMMHoe 06eCne1.JeHHe KOHl{eHTpaTopa n03BOJISleT npe.n:CTaBJISlTb
nocrynalOl.l{He KO.n:bI Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa B BH,IJ;e oCl{lUIJIorpaMM KaHaJIOB H Ta6JUll{ HMnYJIbCoB.
CBSl3b C cHCTeMoH ACOYTI npOH3Bo,lUfTCSI 1.Jepe3 IIDII030Bbrn cepBep, BKJII01.JeHHbrn B .Aopo)]{H)'lO
TeppHTOpmuIbH)'lO ceTb. TI0e3.n;HasI 06CTaHOBKa nporn03HpYeTCSI Ha 4-5 1.J Bnepe.n:. I1H<popMal{IDl, He-
39

Ta6Jlulja 1.1
cI>YHKl{HH HCneTqepCKOii nOCHCTeMbI AnK-)J:K
TexHonorWlecKHe PeanH3yeMbIe <PYHKQHH
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,l],K/,l],l{ <1>opMHpoBaHHe H nepe}:\a'la B .I\HcneT'lepCKYfO ceTb onepaTHBHoH HH<popMaQHH 0 COCTOSlHHH
VCTPOHCTB CIJ;E, ,ro1CK H 3HepreTHKH
KOHTpOnb H KOHTponb H oT06pa)l(eHHe COCTOSlHHSI ycrpOHCTB CIJ;E, ,l],l1CK, 3HepreTHKH H .I\HarHOCTHKa
llHarHOCTHKa KaHMOB TC .I\HCneT'lepCKOH QempanH3aQHH.
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KaHMaM .n;IJ;
MHeMocxeMa OT06pIDKeHHe Ha MHeMocxeMax yqaCTKOB H cTaHQHH nOe3.I\HOrO nOnO)l(eHHSI H COCTOflHHX
YCTpOHCTB ,l],I1CK.
OT06pa)l(eHHe HOMepa H «ronOBbI» nOe3.I\a.
IIpocMoTp apXHBa nOe3.I\HOrO nOnO)l(eHHX.
OT06pa)l(eHHe llaHHbIX 0 n0e311aX H npe.I\ynpeX<.D:eHHH no CTaHQHXM
BBO.I\ KOMaH.I\ ynpaBneHHX 06'beKTaMH CIJ;E H 3HepreTHKH
Cne)l(eHHe ABTOMaTH'leCKOe Cne)l(eHHe 3a noe311aMH no .I\HCneT'lepCKHM yqaCTKaM H nepe}:\a'la HOMepOB
noe3110B Ha HX rpaHHl\ax.
ABToMaTH'leCKWI <pHKCal\Hfl HaxOX<.D:eHHX noe3110B y 3aKpbITbIX BXO.I\HbIX CHrHanOB.
BblSlBneHHe CHTVaQHH nO)l(HOH 3aHXTOCTH
fpa<p HK ABTOMaTH'leCKOe Be.I\eHHe HcnonHeHHoro rpa<pHKa .I\BIDKeHHX.
OT06pa)l(eHHe HopMaTHBHoro H BapHaHTHbIX rpa<pHKoB.
TIpHcBoeHHe noe3.I\y HOMepa (aBToMaTH'leCKOe HnH pyqHoe).
KoppeKTHpOBKa HcnonHeHHoro rpa<pHKa .I\BH)I(eHIDI, BBO.I\ npe.I\ynpeX<.D:eHHH H
TeXHOnOrn'leCKHX OKOH.
AHanH3 H pacne'laTKa rpa<pHKoB ,/:\BH)I(eHHSI.
PaC'leT H oT06pa)l(eHHe CKOPOCTH noe3.I\a
ACOYII IIonyqeHHe llaHHbIX 0 rpY30BbIX H naccIDKHpcKHX noe311ax.
3anpocbI 0 xapaKTepHcTHKax nOKOMOTHBOB H HH<popMal\HH 0 noe311HbIX 6pHra.nax.
IIonyqeHHe cBe.I\eHHH 0 neoe.I\a'lH noe3OB Ha «CTbIKaX»
IIoKa3aTenH ABTOMaTH'leCKOe <popMHpoBaHHe npHnO)l(eHHX K HcnonHeHHOMY rpa<pHKY ,/:\BIDKeHHX Ha
OCHOBe HH<popMal\HH H3 ACOYII.
PaC'leT nOKa3aTeneH no ypOBHfO BbIllonHeHHSI rpa<pHKa .I\BH)I(eHHX - yqacTKoBbIe CKOpOCTH,
cpellHHH Bec nOe3.I\a, on03,/:\aHHSI, 3a.I\ep)I(KH H T..I\.
IIporH03 IlporH03HpoBaHHe H OllTHMH3aQHX ycnoBHH .I\BH)I(eHHSI nOe3.I\OB, B TOM 'lHCne
AJlHHHOCOCTaBHbIX H Hera6aPHTHbIX, C yqeTOM ,/:\eHCTBVfOmHX npe.I\vnpe)l(lleHHH
CnpaBKH IIonyqeHHe H3 6a3bI .I\aHHbIX cnpaBOK no TP A cTaHQHH, BpeMeHaM xo,/:\a H no npo<pHnfO nYTH.
H HopMaTHBbI BBOll H paCne'laTKa ,/:\HcneT'lepCKHX npHKa30B
06XOJJ.HMasI AillI Be)J.eHIDI Ii pacqerOB rpa<pHKOB )J,BIDKeHIDl, 3aI1pannmaerc51 H3.AOpO:>KHOM ACOYII aBTo-
MaTWIecKH. TIpli COCTaBJIeHHH rpa<pHKOB yqHTbffilliOTC5I Bee Ii )J.JIHHa na, HaJIJi'llie Hera6aplfIHocrn,
BMecTHMOCTb Ii Cnel(Ma.TIH3aWUI CTaHIlHOHHbIX rryreM, HOpMaTHBHbrn rpa<pHK Ii )J.p. TIporpaMMa paCC'lli-
TblBaer Ii npe)J,.JIaraer BapliaHTbI CKpeIl{eHIDI n0e3)J.OB Ha O)J,HOrryIHbIX yqaCTKax, )J.aer peKOMeH.D.a.qHH no
nporrycKY ona3)J,bIBalOIl{HX naCCIDKHpcKHX Ii MHHHMH3al\HH 3a,lJ;ep)l(eK rpy:30BbIX n0e3)J.OB. TIpli nOC1po-
eHHH rpa<pHKa IIpe)J,.JIaraIOTC5I BapliaHTbI, yqHTbffialOll{He TeXHOlIOrwIecKHe OKHa, .AeMCTBYlOll{He npe-
.LJ.YIIjJe)K)J,eHIDl, orpaJIH1.leHIDI CKOpocrn Ii )J.p.lfcnOlIb3yeMble B KOMIUIeKce ATIK-,[(K CTaH)J,aprnoe cere-
HOe 060pY)J.OBaHHe H npoTOKOJThI 06MeHa B nOJIHOM Mepe COOTBeTCTByIOT B03MO:>KHocrn mrrerparurn: C
CHCTeMaMH, 06ecne1.J:HBaIOIl{HMH nepeB030'llibrn npou;ecc Ha ypoBHe .AoporH.
B KOMI11IeKce ATIK-,[(K HCnOlIb3YlOTC5I THnOBble npOMbIIlIJIeHHble ycrpOMCTBa: KOHTpOJIJIepbI,
npOMbIllI1IeHHble KOMnblOTepbI, KaHaJI006pa3YIOIl{aJI annaparypa H .Ap. TIpH HenOCpe.ACTBeHHOM
nO)J.KJII01.J:eHHH KOMI11IeKCa K )J.eMCTBYIOIl{HM ycrpOMCTBaM CU,E pemalOTC5I BonpOCbI liCKJII01.J:eHIDI
BlIIDIHIDI annaparypbI eneMa liH<popMaU;HH Ha pa60ry KOHTpOlIHpyeMblx ycrpoHCTB C liCnOlIb30Ba-
HlieM CneU;HaJIbHbIX cxeMHblX pemeHliM Ii CneU;HaJIli3lipOBaHHblx 61I0KOB H KOHTpOJIJIepOB ATIK-
,[(K. B HTore BO BceX T01.J:KaX KOHTp01I5I liCKJII01.J:aerC5I HapymeHHe <PYHKU;HoHlipoBaHIDI ycrpOMCTB
CU,E KaK npli HOpMaJIbHOM pa60Te CliCTeMbI ATIK-,[(K, TaK Ii npli OTKa3aX nO.AKJII01.J:aeMbIX Kompo-
lIHP)'lOll{HX 31IeMeHTOB. ,[(JI5I .AOCTIDKeHIDI 3Toro npliMeH5IIOTC5I rarrbBaHli1.J:ecKa51 pa3B5I3Ka, TOKOBble
TpaHc<PopMaTopbI, cB060.AHble KOHTaKTbI KOHTpOlIlipyeMblx pelIe H .Ap.
40

Ha nepee3.D.aX npe.nyCMOTpeHa B03MO}l(HOCTb KOHTpOn5l: HaJIHqH5I OCHOBHoro H pe3epBHOrO nH-
TaHIDI; BKJIlOqeHIDI aKKYMYn5lTOpHOro pe3epBa; COCT05lHIDI IillIar6aYMa; HcnpaBHOCTH HHTeM naMn
nepee3.D. HbIX CBeTO<POpOB H KOMrrneKTOB MHraHIDI. KpOMe :noro, KOHTponHp)'lOTC5I YCTaHOBneHHoe
HarrpaBneHHe .ABH:>KeHIDI no 060HM nyr5lM, HaJmqHe CHrnaJIa H3BeIl{eHIDI C qeTHOM H HeqeTHOM CTO-
pOH, COCT05lHHe peJlbCOBbIX l{eneM 3a nepee3.AOM H .LI.PyrHe napaMeTpbI.
B KaqeCTBe npHeMHOM annapaT)'pbI HIDKHero ypOBH5I Ha nHHeMHbIX nYHKTax npHMeHeHbI CHHTe-
3aTopbI qaCTOTbI CQ.lJ:-I0, nepe.AaIOIl{He CHrnaJIbI B KOHl{eHTpaTopbI cpe.LI.Hero ypOBH5I.
Ha CTaHI.{IDIX C nOMOIl{bIO THnOBoro KOMrrneKca ATIK -.lJ:K B03MO}l(eH KOHTponb YCTaHOBneHHbIX
MapllIpYTOB, COCT05lHHM penbCOBbIX l{eneM, CBeTO<popOB, l{eHTpanH30BaHHbIX CTpenOK, yqaCTKOB
npH6nH:>KeHIDI H Y.D.aJIeHH5I, HCTOqHHKOB nHTaHH5I, npe.D.OXpaHHTeneM. H30n5ll{HH Ka6eneM, Cnel{H-
aJIbHbIX KHonOK H .D.p. KpOMe 3Toro, aHaJIorOBble BXO.AbI n03Bon5lIOT KOHTponHpOBaTb BenHqHHbI
HarrpIDKemrn B pa3nHqHbIX TOqKaX CTaHl{HOHHbIX ycrpOMCTB C11,E.
.lJ:HcKpeTHa51 HH<popMal{H5I 0 COCT05lHHH CTaHUHOHHbIX KOHTponHpyeMblx 06'beKTOB CHHMaeTC5I
co CB060.LI.HbIX KOHTaKTOB pene, a TaK}I(e naMn H KHonOK nynb TOB. AHaJIOrOBble BXO.LJ.bI npe.D.YCMaT-
pHBaIOT KaK Henocpe.D.CTBeHHoe nO.D.KJIIOqeHHe K KOHTponHpyeMbIM YCTpOMCTBaM. TaK H Hcnonb30-
BaHHe TOKOBbIX .AaTqHKOB, KOTopble 06eCneqHBaIOT raJIbBaHHqeCKYIO pa3B5I3KY H HCKJIIOqaIOT BnIDI-
HHe annapaTypbI KOHTpOn51 Ha .AeMCTBYIOIl{He ycrpOMCTBa C11,E. 11,HKJI onpoca CTaHl{HOHHbIX YCT-
pOMCTB He npeBbIllIaeT 200 MC.
Cnel{HaJIbHble .D.aPIHKH n03Bon5lIOT TaK:>Ke OTCne}l(HBaTh TOKH nepeBo.Aa crpenoK. KOHTponb TOKa
nepeBO.A a crpenKH oCYIl{eCTBn5leTC5I nO.AKJIIOqeHHeM K cYIl{eCTBYIOIl{eMY llIYHTY aMnepMeTpa. TIo.A-
KJIIOqeHHe npOH3Bo)].HTC5I C nOMOIl{bIO Mo.nyn51 HOpMaJIH3al{HH CHrHaJIOB C raJIbBaHHqeCKOM Pa3B5I3-
KOM ADAM-3014 <pHpMbI «ADY ANTECH». MO.Aynb YCTaHaBnHBaeTC5I B HenOCpe.D.CTBeHHOM 6nH-
30CTH (MeHee 1,0 M) OT llIYHTa aMnepMeTpa. C BbIXO.Aa MO.Ayn51 H3Mep5leMOe Hanp5l}l(e HHe .LI.JI 51 npe-
06pa30BaHIDI B l{H<PPOBOM KO.A nO.AaeTC5I Ha O.AHH H3 BXO.D.OB A11,TI rrnaTbI PCL-818L HnH aHaJIorHq-
HOM, pacnOnO}l(eHHOM B KOHl{eHTpaTope.
TIpH nOMOIl{H THnOBblX KOHTponnepoB KOMnneKC ATIK -.lJ:K n03Bon5leT CHHMaTb H nepe.D.aBaTb
noe3.D.HoMY.D.HCneTqepy H BarOHHOMY onepaTopy HH<popMal{HIO C ycrpOMCTB .lJ:lfCK-E. TIepe.A aqa
HH<popMal{HH 0 COCT05lHHH KOHTponHpyeMblx YCTPOMCTB C11,E H noe3.AHOM nOnO}l(eHHH Ha ueHT-
paJIbHbIM noCT Be.AeTC5I B peaJIbHOM MacllITa6e BpeMeHH.
KOHl{eHTpaTop cpe.AHerO ypOBH5I o.D.HOBpeMeHHo MO}l(eT Hcnonb30BaTbC5I B KaqeCTBe aBTOMaTH-
3HpoBaHHoro pa60qero MeCTa 3neKTpoMexaHHKa (APM-IIIH). 3TOT APM n03BOn5leT BbIIIOnH5ITh
H3MepeHH5I B KOHTponHpyeMblx ueilllX, cne.D.HTh 3a COCT05lHHeM 06'beKTOB C11,E H onepaTHBHoM 06-
CTaHoBKoM Ha CTaHl{HH, a TaK}I(e BeCTH apXHBbI.
1.6. ABToMaTH3HpoBaHHaH CHCTeMa HcneT..epCKo""o
KOHTpOJIH AC)];K
ABToMaTH3HpOBaHHa51 CHCTeMa )].HCneT'IepcKoro KOHTpon51 ACW «ITCC - CeKTop» npe.A CTaB -
n5leT C060M annaparno-nporpaMMHbIM KOMrrneKC ATIK AC.lJ:K, KOTOpbIM 06ecneqHBaeT )].HcneT'Iep-
cKHii KOHTponb COCT05lHH5I OT.AenbHblX Y3nOB H ycrpOMCTB aBTOMaTHKH, TeneMexaHHKH H CB5I3H,
nOe3,lUIbIX nepe.n;BIDKeHHM, CB060.LJ.HOCTH H 3aIDITOCTH penbCOBbIX l{eneM npHeMQ-ompaBOqHbIX rryreM
H 6noK-yqaCTKoB, COCT05lHHe nepee3.D.oB, BXO.LJ.HbIX H BbIXO.LJ.HbIX CBeTO<pOpOB H .D.p.
Y cnOBHO CHCTeMa ATIK AC.lJ:K pa3.D.eJUIeTC5I Ha nO.ACHCTeMbI BepxHero H HIDKHero ypOBIDI. 06'beK-
TaMH KOHTpon51 AC.lJ:K 51BJUIIOTC5I ycrpoMCTBa 311, Ha CTaHl{H5IX H ycrpoMCTBa HHTepBaJIbHoro pery-
mqX>BaHilll .D.BH:>KeHilll noe3.AOB Ha neperOHax.
llodcucme.MQ HU:HCHeZO yp06HH COCTOHT H3 3neKTpHqeCKHX .AaT'IHKOB COCTOSIHIDI KOHTponHpye-
MbIX TeXHHqecKHX cpe.ACTB (KoHTaKThI COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HX pene nOCTOBbIX H neperoHHblx ycrpOMCTB,
H3MepHTenbHble naHeJIH penbcoBbIX l{eneM H .D.p.) H KOHTponnepoB )].HCneT'IepcKoro KOHTpon51 (KLJ:K),
BbIIIonIDIIOIl{HX c60p l{H<PPOBOM H aHaJIOrOBOM HH<p0pMal{llli, ee 06pa60TKY H nepe.D.aqy B CeTb ACW.
KOHTponnep K,Z:(K npe.ACTaBn5leT C060M MHOronpOl{eCCopHYIO CHCTeMY, nocrpoeHHyIO no Marn-
crpaJIbHO-MO.nyJIbHOMy npHHl{HIIY C llIHpOKOM HOMeHKJIaT)'pOM Mo.nyneM, 06ecneIJHBaIOIl{HX KOHTponb
41

,n:MCKpeTHbIX YCTPOHCTB, a TaK}I{e aHaJIOrOBbIX CMrHaJIOB: M3MepeHMe Hanp»}I{eHMH nMTalOIl{MX YC-
TaHOBOK M nYTeBbIX pene pa3nMqHbIX TMnOB penbCOBbIX l{eneH, BKJIlOqa» TOHaJIbHbIe; H3MepeHHe
):{JIMTenbHOCTM M qaCTOTbI :meKTpMqeCKMX CMrHaJIOB. Mo,n:ynM K,[(K BbmYCKaIOTC» B ,n:BYX BapHaH-
TaX:):{JI» YCTaHOBKH B npM60pHOM KapKace (npM60pHbIH BapMaHT) H Ha peneHHbIX CTaTMBax (CTa-
TMBHbIH BapMaHT).
,[LJrn opraHM3al{HM .D:HCneTIIepcKoro KOHTpOllil (PMC. 1.14) B KOMIUIeKC BXO,n:5IT cne,n:YIOIl{Me MO,n:y-
nH: npOl{eCCOpHbIH CP51S, Mo,n:eMa MDE4S, BBo,n:a .D:HCKpeTHbIX CMrHaJIOB IH32Sp, BBo,n:a aHaJIO-
roBbIX CMrHaJIOB ADC16S, nMTaHM» PS20S.
B KaqeCTBe MarMCTpaJIM K,[(K Mcnonb3yeTc» aCMHxpoHHa» nocne,n:OBaTenbHa» llIMHa RS232.
,ZJ:el{eHTpaJIM30BaHHa» BHYTpeHH»» MarHCTpaJIb n03Bon»eT pa3HeceHMeM OT,n:enbHbIX Mo.n:yneH co-
KpaTHTh 06'beM pa60T no MOHTa:>KY M 3aTpaTbI Ha Ka6enbHYIO npO.A)'Kl{MIO. TaKoH no,n:xo,n: B noCTpo-
eHMM TeXHMqeCKMX cpe,n:CTB .D:HarHOCTHpoBaHM» n03Bon»eT ,n:y6nMpoBaTb :meMeHTbI, pe3epBMpOBaTb
KaHaJIbI CB»3H M pernaTb Ha HM}I{HeM ypoBHe 3a,n:aqH, Tpe6YIOIl{Me 3HaqMTenbHbIX BbIqMCnHTenbHbIX
pecypcoB, B TOM qMCne no nOMep}l{Ke npOTOKonOB rn06aJIbHbIX cereH.
,[LJrn .D:HCncrqepcKoro KOHTpOllil nHHeHHbIX 06'beKTOB pa3pa60TaHa M BHe,n:peHa annapaTypa ,n:MC-
ncrqepcKoro KOHTpOllil,ZJ:K-M. BapHaHT opraHM3al{MM ,n:McncrqepcKoro KOHTpOllil3a pa60TOH CMr-
HaJIbHbIX YCTaHOBOK Ha neperOHax npMBe,n:eH Ha pMC. 1.15.
,ZJ:n» 06eCneqeHM» C'beMa ,n:MCKpeTHbIX M aHaJIOrOBbIX CHrHaJIOB OT CMrHaJIbHbIX M nepee3,n:HbIX
YCTaHOBOK H nepe,n:aqa MX Ha CTaHl{MM annaparypa HM}I{HerO ypOBH» ,ZJ:K-M co,n:ep}l{MT:
- Mo,n:ynb nMHeHHbIH aHaJIoroBbIH (MAJI1), npe,n:Ha3HaqeHHbIH):{JI» c60pa aHaJIoroBoH MH.pOp-
Mal{MM OT BOCbMH KOHTponMpyeMbIx YCTPOHCTB M npe06pa30BaHH» Hanp»}I{eHM» aHaJIOrOBOro CMr-
HaJIa B l{M.ppOBOH KO,n:;
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42
PHC. 1.14. CTPYKTYPHafl cxeMa AC,l];K «fTCC-CeKTop»

CTaHI.\IDI A CY
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- reHepaTOp mmeMHbIX CMrHaJIOB (r JIC2) CJI}')KMT roDI c60pa .n;MCKpeTHOM MH.popMal{MH OT 15-TM
KOHTpOJIMpyeMbIX YCTPOMCTB (KOHTaKTOB peJIe) M peJIe COCTOjJHMjJ 6JIOK-yqaCTKa (nepee3.n;a), npM-
eMa l{M.ppOBOro Ko.n;a 0 HanpIDKeHMM KOHTpOJIMpyeMoro aHaJIOrOBOro CHrHaJIa OT MAJIl, 06pa60T-
KM M nepe.n;aqM nOJIyqeHHoH MH.popMal{MH B Ka6eJIbHyro HJIM B03.n;YUlHYIO .n;ByxnpOBo.n;Hyro JIHHMIO
CBjJ3H. BapMaHTbI THnOBbIX cxeM no.n;KJIlOqeHMjJ reHepaTopa rJIC2 H MO.n;yllil MAJIl npMBe.n;eHbI Ha
pMC. 1.16, a, 6 COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
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BOK Ha npMeMHYIO CTaHl{MOHHYIO annapaTYPY (CC) CJIe.n;ylOIl.{eH MH.popMal{MM: COCTOjJHMe 6JIOK-
yqaCTKoB (cB060.n;eH, 3aHjJT) M nepee3.AOB (OTKpbIT, 3aKpbIT), HeHcnpaBHOCTM.n;O 15-TM KOHT]JOJIMPY-
eMbIX YCTPOMCTB Cll.E (peJIe) Ka)l(.n;oM CMrHaJIbHOM MJIM nepee3.n;HoM YCTaHOBOK, HanpjJ}I{eHMjJ OT
BOCbMM KOHTpOJIMpyeMblx aHaJIOrOBblX CHrHaJIOB Ha Ka:>K,LJ;OM CMrHaJIbHOM YCTaHoBKe.
B OTJIHqMe OT Bcex MMelOIl.{HXCjJ TeXHMqeCKMX cpe.n;CTB KOHTpOJIjJ aHaJIOrOBOM HH<!>0pMal{MM an-
napaTYpa ,zJ:K-M B COCTaBe AC,zJ:K He TOJIbKO .pHKCHPYeT noporOBble npe.n;OTKa3Hble 3HaqeHHjJ, HO M
M3MepjJeT 3.p<!>eKTMBHoe 3HaqeHMe KOHTpOJIMPyeMblx HanpjJ}I{eHMH, HanpMMep, HanpjJ}I{eHMM nMTa-
IOIl.{MX .pM.n;epOB, 6aTapeM, HanpjJ}I{eHMM Ha nYTeBbIX peJIe, .n;eum.ppaTopHOH jJqeHKe H .n;p.
reHepaTopbI JIMHeMHbIX CMrHaJIOB rJIC BbIIIYCKalOTCjJ B 24-x Mo.n;H.pMKaUMjJX B 3aBMCHMOCTM OT
HecYIl.{eii qaCTOTbI JIHHeMHOro CMrHaJIa. Mo.n;M.pMKal{MM r JIC2 OTJIMqalOTCjJ KOM6MHal{MeM nepeMbI-
qeK Ha neqaTHOH IUIaTe M 3HaqeHMeM .n;BYX pe3MCTopOB, KOTopble onpe.n;eJIjJlOT qaCTOTY BbIxo.n;Horo
JIMHeMHOro CMrHaJIa. MAJIl M rJIC2 BbIIIOJIHeHbI B Kopnyce peJIe HMlll.
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45

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pOMCTB Cll.E; Be,n;eHHe MCTeMHbIX npOTOKOJIOB. KpOMe 3Toro, peaJIH3)'1OTcSI npOTOKOJIbI pa60TbI YCT-
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qeCKHX npOl{eCCOB no 06CJIY}I{MBaHMIO YCTPOMCTB. AnnapaTHo-nporpaMMHbIM KOMnJIeKC APM
lllHll. MO}l{eT <!>YHKl{MOHMpOBaTb caMoCTOSlTeJIbHO, a TaK}I{e B JII060e BpeMSI MO}l{eT 6bITb no,n;-
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46

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co BCTpoeHHOH nporpaMMOH «qepHOrO SlIl{MKa», npe,n;Ha3HaqeHHOH .lUlSl BOCCTaHOBJIeHMSI noe3,n;-
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l{MM :meKTpOHHOH nOqTbI) M Be,n;eHMSI npOTOKOJIOB HellITaTHbIX cMryal{MH B pa60Te YCTPOHCTB CIJ,E
M ,n;eHCTBHH 06cJIY}I{MBalOIl{erO nepcoHaJIa; BCTpoeHHbIH pe,n;aKTop TeKCTOB, HopMaTHBHo-cnpa-
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KpOMe Toro, APM lllHIJ, 06eCneqMBaeT BbIIIOJIHeHMe CJIe,n;YIOIl{MX cnel{HaJIbHbIX .pYHKl{MH: JIO-
rnqeCKMH KOHTpOJIb 3a npaBHJIbHOCTbIO pa60TbI YCTPOHCTB CIJ,E; H3MepeHHe M KOHTpOJIb HanpIDKe-
HMH Ha rryreBbIX peJIe peJIbCOBbIX l{eneH M Ha nHTalOIl{HX .pM.II.epax; M3MepeHMe M KOHTpOJIb TOKOB
crpeJIOqHbIX 3JIeKTpo,n;BHraTeJIeH M.n;p. (c aBTOMaTWleCKMM Be,n;eHMeM npOTOKOJIa); KaJIM6pOBKa Ka-
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YCTpoHCTB CIJ,E B pe}l{HMe <<n0,n;cKa3KM»; .pOpMHpOBaHHe M nepe,n;aqa HH.popMal{HH (npOTOKOJIbI,
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KpOMe 3Toro, 3TH APMbI 06eCneqMBalOT KoppeKTHpOBKY Onepal{MH C noe3,n;aMM npM HapyrneHIDIx B
pa60Te AC.D:K M 06MeH MHQ>opMal{MeH Me>K,J:{y APMaMM 0 HOMepax noe3,n;OB M Onepal{IDIX C nOe3.Aa-
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Mal{MSI 0 nOe3.lUIOH 06cTaHoBKe Ha CTaHl{MSlX M neperOHax c06MpaeTcSI nOJIHOCTblO M 6bICTpO 06-
HOBJISleTCSI no BceM APMaM. I1MeeTcSI KOMIIJIeKC TeJIeM3MepeHHH no CTaHl{MSlM M CMrHaJIbHbIM TOq-
KaM neperOHOB. Ta6JIMl{bI M3MepeHMH xpaHSlTCSI,n;O o,n;Horo MeCSll{a. B «qepHOM SlIl{MKe» MMeeTCSI
MHQ>opMal{IDI 0 noe3,n;HoH 06CTaHoBKe CpOKOM,n;O Tpex ,n;HeH. KpoMe Toro, eCTb B03MO}l{HOCTb nepe-
Hoca ,n;aHHbIX B apxMB C HeorpaHMqeHHbIM BpeMeHeM xpaHeHMSI, qTO nOMoraeT npM paCCJIe,n;oBaHMH,
HanpMMep, CJIyqaeB nepeKpbITMSI CMrHaJIOB, Kor,n;a ,n:CII (c03HaTeJIbHO MJIM HeT) «He BM.D:eJI»
npMqMHbI OTKa3a.
IIpM BHe,n;peHMH CMCTeMbI Ac,n:K nOBbIrnaeTcSl6e30nacHoCTb ,n;BM}I{eHMSI nOe3.AOB, ypoBeHb MC-
nOJIb30BaHMSI no,n;BM}I{HOrO COCTaBa, Ha,rJ;e}l{HOCTb pa60TbI YCTPOHCTB CIJ,E 3a CqeT cBoeBpeMeHHoro
BblSlBJIeHIDI npe,n;OTKa3HbIX COCTOSlHMH; YBeJIMqMBaeTCSI yqaCTKoBaSl CKOpOCTb; COKpaIl{aIOTCSI Henpo-
M3Bo,n;HTeJIbHbIe 3a,rJ;ep}l{KM nOe3.AOB B rryTM CJIe,n;OBaHMSI; YCKOpSleTCSI 060POT BarOHOB.
Ha OCHOBe CTaTMCTMqeCKMX ,n;aHHbIX M Ol{eHKM 3KcnepToB BpeMSI Ha 06HapY}I{eHMe M YCTpaHe-
HMe OTKa30B B YCTpoHCTBax CIJ,E npM MCnOJIb30BaHMM annaparypbI CMCTeMbI AC,n:K YMeHbrnaeT-
CSI Ha 20 % M 60JIee.
47

CoBpeMeHHa}l CMCTeMa AC,n:K, KpOMe Tpa,r:J;Ml{MOHHOrO ,n:McneT'-IepcKoro KOHTpOlliI CTaHl{HOH-
HbIX M neperOHHbIX YCTPOHCTB CQE, B KaqeCTBe COCTaBHbIX qaCTeH BKlllOqaeT B ce6}1: CeTb nepe.n:aqH
,n:aHHbIX (Cn,n: AC,n:K); CMCTeMY.D:HamOCTHKM M MOHHTopHHra YCTPOHCTB CQE, pacnpe.AeneHHyro
CMCTeMY Be,n:eHM}I nOe3):{HOH Mo,n:enM ,n:Cll ,n:HQ C aBTOMaTH3MpOBaHHbIM rpa<!>MKOM HcnonHeHHoro
,n:BH:lKeHM}I nOe3.AOB; l{eHTpanM30BaHHyro CMCTeMY 06cny}l{MBaHM}I M COnpOBO:>K,LJ;eHIDI AC,n:K.
llOBpe:>K,LJ;eHM}I M BHemraTHbIe CHT)'aUMM (OTMeHa MapIIIpyra, npMMeHeHMe MCKYCCTBeHHOH pa3-
,n:enKH H ,n:p.) 3aHOC}lTC}I B npOTOKonbI CQE. llpOTOKonbI nOBpe:>K,LJ;eHHH YCTPOHCTB CQE nepeBo,n:5IT-
C}I Ha 6)'MIDKHYIO OCHOBY, qTO n03BOlliIeT npOM3BeCTH paCneqaTKY. CMCTeMa AC,n:K 06eCneqMBaeT
B03MO:>KHOCTb 3a6naroBpeMeHHO npe,n:OTBpaIl{aTb OTKa3bI B pa60Te YCTPOHCTB CQE, pa3peIIIaeT CO-
KpaTHTb BpeMSl Ha YCTpaHeHMe OTKa30B, 60nee KaqeCTBeHHO onpe,n:elliITb H paccne,n:OBaTb npHqMHbI
HX B03HMKHOBeHM}I. TaK, HanpMMep, MO}l{HO BbUlCHMTb npHqMHY HapyrneHIDI HopManbHOH pa60TbI
CMrHanbHOH YCTaHOBKH Ha neperOHe npH KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM npona,r:J;aHMM rum nOHM}I{eHHM Hanp}l-
}l{eHM}I nMTaHM}I, qTO 6billO HeB03MO}l{HO paHee; npaKTHqeCKM MCKJIlOqaIOTC}I cnyqaH HapyrneHM}I
HopManbHOH pa60TbI CMrHanbHbIX YCTaHOBOK M3-3a neperopaHIDI HMTeH naMn CBeTO<!>0POB (nocne
neperopaHM}I OCHOBHOH HMTM :meKTpOMexaHMK CBoeBpeMeHHO nonyqaeT MH<!>0pMal{HIO 06 3TOM no
CMCTeMe AC,n:K M npMHHMaeT He06xo,n:MMbIe MepbI). KOHTpOnb .D:HcneTqepOM ,n:MCTaHl{HH M CTap-
IIIMM 3neKTpOMexaHMKOM HarrpIDKeHM}I Ha rryreBoM pene n03BOn}leT .D:HarHOCTHpOBaTb pa60T)' penb-
COBbIX l{eneH.
HOBbIe B03MO}l{HOCTM CMCTeMbI ,n:McneTqepCKOro KOHTpOn}l n03BOn}llOT C03,n:aTb 6a3Y JU1}1 nepe-
xo,n:a K COBpeMeHHOH CTpaTerMH 06cnY}I{HBaHM}I YCTPOHCTB (OT 06cnY}I{MBaHH}I no pernaMeHTY K
06Cn}')KHBaHMIO no COCTO}lHMIO), COKpaTHTb 3KcIUIyaTal{HOHHbIe pacXO,n:bI, paCIIIMpHTb 30HbI 06cny-
}l{MBaHM}I, aBTOMaTH3MpOBaTb TeXHOnOrnqeCKMe npOl{eCCbI.
1.7. KOMDneKc aBTOMaTHeCKoro .l{HarHOCTHpOBaHHH A,l],K-CQE
KOMnneKC aBTOMaTMqeCKOrO ,n:MarHOCTMpOBaHM}I A,n:K-CQE pa3pa60TaH Cnel{ManHCTaMM
Hllll «IOrnpoMaBToMaTH3aUH}I» r. POcToB-Ha-,n:oHY. TeXHHqeCKMe peIIIeHM}I no aBTOMaTM-
3al{MM <!>YHKl{HH KOHTpOn}l, ,n:HarHOCTMpOBaHM}I M TeXHMqeCKOrO 06cnY}I{MBaHM}I YCTPOHCTB
CQE K,n: 62130-00-,n:TP YTBep}l{,n:eHbI B 2002 r.
KOMIUIeKC .D:HamOCTHKM A,LJ,K -CQE MCnOJTh3YeTC}I.D:JUI BbIIIonHeHIDI cne.n:yIOIl{MX OCHOBHbIX <!>YH-
Kl{MH:
- c60p nepBMqHOH 06pa60TKM MH<!>0pMal{HH OT nOCTOBbIX M HanonbHbIX YCTPOHCTB 3Q, <!>0PMH-
pOBaHMe M npOCMOTp 6a3bI ,n:aHHbIX 0 pa60Te YCTPOHCTB CQE C KOHTponeM OTKa3HbIX M npe,n:OTKa3-
HbIX CMT)'al{HH;
- xpaHeHHe onepaTMBHoH MH<!>0pMal{MM Ha <!>n3III-.n:McKe I1BK-A,LJ,K (c BbIBO,n:OM MH<!>0pMal{HH
no 3anpocy 3neKTpoMexaHMKa Ha 3KpaH B BH,):{e Ta6nMl{ HnM rpa<!>MKoB);
- <!>OpMMpoBaHHe, xpaHeHMe M BbIBO,n: npoToKona ,n:eHCTBMH ,n:e}l{ypHoro no CTaHl{MM npH pa60Te
C YCTpoHCTBaMH CQE;
- HaKOIUIeHMe H npoToKonMpoBaHMe pe3ynbTaToB CaMO.AMarHOCTMKH TeXHMqeCKHX cpe,n:CTB A,LJ,K-
CQE npOMbIIIIneHHbIM KOMnblOTepOM I1BK-A,LJ,K M B03MO}l{HOCTb onepaTMBHoro npocMoTpa pe-
3YJIbTaTOB Ha 3KpaHe APM ,n:K-lllH;
- nepe.Aaqa pe3ynbTaTOB .D:HamocrnpoBaHIDI Ha cepBep K.D:K.D:JUI npocMoTpa npOTOKonbHbIX <!>OpM
HH<!>0pMal{MM 0 pa60Te nOCTOBbIX M HanonbHbIX YCTPOHCTB CQE (.n:HarHOCTHqeCKMX, ,n:MHaMHqec-
KHX, TeKYIl{MX H3MepeHMH H ,n:p.) M pe3ynbTaToB caMo,n:MarHOCTMKM TeXHHqecKMX cpe,n:CTB A,LJ,K-
CQE no 3anpocy ,n:Hcrrerqepa lllq Ha 3KpaHe APM ,n:K-llllJ,l:(.
CTPYKT)'pHa}l cxeMa CMCTeMbI aBTOMaTM3al{MM ,n:MarHoCTMpOBaHM}I M KOHTpOlliI YCTPOHCTB H CMC-
TeM }l{ene3Ho,n:opO}l{HOH aBTOMaTMKH Ha OCHOBe Mcnonb30BaHM}I KOMIUIeKCOB I1BK-A,LJ,K npMBe.AeHa
HapMc.1.18.
113MepHTenbHO-BbIqMCnMTenbHbIH KOMIUIeKC aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO ,n:HarHOCTHpOBaHH}I M KOHTpOlliI
(I1BK-A,LJ,K) rrpe,n:Ha3HaqeH .D:JUI HenpepbIBHoro KOHTpOlliI TeXHMqeCKoro COCTO}lHIDI CTaHUMOHHbIX
YCTpoHCTB CQE, nporpaMMHoH 06pa60TKH nOCTynalOIl{eH HH<!>0pMal{MM, perMCTpal{HM c60eB M OT-
48


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HH<!>opMal{HeM C CMCTeMOM BepXHero ypOBHSI.
B I1BK-A)J,K MCI10nb30BaH Mo.n;ynbHbIM npMHl{Hn nOCTpoeHIDI. OH BbIIIonHeH B BH,):{e KOHCTpYK-
THBHO 3aKOHqeHHbIX COCTaBHbIX qaCTeM - <!>YHKI.{MOHaJIbHbIX Mo.n:yneM .n;HCTaHl{MOHHOro C'beMa CMr-
HaJIOB H nepBHqHbIX npe06pa30BaTeneM, npOMbIIlIJIeHHOrO KOMnblOTepa co Cnel{HaJIM3MpOBaHHbIM
npHKJIa;:I;HbIM 06eCneqeHMeM.
B 6a30BbIH COCTaB I1BK-A)J,K (pMC. 1.19) BXO,lUlT cne.n:YIOIIlMe MO.AynM:
-ljeHmpaJlbH020 6JlOKa C6Jl3U IJ,EC, npe.n;Ha3HaqeHHbIM MSI 06MeHa MH<!>0pMal{MeM Me:>K,LJ;y MO.n;y-
nSlMH .n;MCTaHl{MOHHOro C'beMa CMrHaJIOB ,n:CC (M,n:B, MAB) M npoMbIIImeHHbIM KOMnbIOTepOM, a
TaK}I{e MSI oTpa60TKM nonyqaeMOH MH<!>0pMal{MH M BbIIIonHeHMSI nOrHqeCKMX Onepal{HM;
- oucKpemHo2o 6600a M):(B, npe.n;Ha3HaqeHHbIM MSI KOHTpOllil.n;MCKpeTHbIX CMrHaJIOB HanpIDKe-
HHSI nOCTOSlHHoro M nepeMeHHoro TOKa;
-aHaJl0206020 6600a MAB, npe.n;Ha3HaqeHHbIM MSI H3MepeHMSI aHaJIOrOBbIX CMrnaJIOB;
- aHaJl0206020 6600a yrp, npe.n;Ha3Ha qeHHbIM MSI pacIIIMpeHHSI <!>YHKl{MOHaJIbHbIX B03MO}l{HOC-
Tell aHaJIoroBbIX Mo.n;yneH MAR
Mo.n;ynH aHaJIOroBoro BBO.Aa MAB M YrP OpraHH3YJOT 06pa60TKY aHaJIoroBbIX, a Mo.n;ynH M):(B -
,lI,MCKpeTHbIX CMrHaJIOB. BcrpoeHHbIe nporpaMMbI aHaJIH3Mp}'lOT napaMeTpbl CMrHaJIa ,lUiCKpeTHOC-
ThIO OT 100 MKC. Mo.n;ynM MAB 06ecrreQHBalOT M3MepeHMe napaMeTpoB aHaJIoroBbIX M KaJIH6pOBKY
M3MepHTenbHbIx CHrnaJIOB. Mo.n;ynM MAB H M):(B <!>OpMHp}'lOT MH<!>0pMal{HOHHbIe nOllil C nepMo-
.n;OM 06HoBneHIDI 50 MC. Mon;ynH l{eHTpaJIbHOrO 6noKa CBSl3H IJ,EC B nOKaJIbHOM CeTH 06eCneQHBa-
lOT CHHXpOHH3al{HIQ M <!>OpMHpOBaHHe napaMeTpOB HH<!>opMaUHOHHbIX Mo.n;eneM TeXHOnOrnQecKHX
npOl{eccoB C norpeIIIHOCTbIO He 60nee 50 MC.
HOMeHKna1)'pa M KOnHQeCTBeHHbIM COCTaB KOMIIJIeKCa I1BK-A,n:K.lUlSl KOHKpeTHoro 06'beKTa
,lI,MarHOCTHKM onpe.n;enSleTcSI pa60QMM npoeKToM M Cnel{M<!>MKoM 060py.n;oBaHMSI CMCTeM aBTOMarn-
KH.I13MepeHMSI napaMeTpoB cpe.n;CTBaMH I1BK-A)J,K onpe.n;enSlIOTCSll{eneco06pa3HoCTblO M TeXHO-
nOrnQeCKOH 060cHoBaHHoCTblO KOHTponSl, TMnOM KOHTponMpyeMoro CMrHaJIa M 6e30nacHoCTblO
cxeMbI no.n;KJIIOQeHMSI.
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50

Bce KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIe 06'beKTbI pa36HTbI Ha HeCKOnbKO rpynn. Ka:>K,LJ;aSl rpynna 06'beKTOB MMe-
eT CBOM cnHCOK HeHcnpaBHOCTeM (OTKa30B), xapaKTepHbIX .lUlSl 06'beKTOB TonbKO ,n;aHHOM rpynnbI:
- peJlbC06ble ljenu (OTKJIOHeHMSI HanpSl}l{eHMSI; nO}l{HaSl 3aIDITOCTblcB060,n;HOCTb; np060M H30nH-
pyroIl{ero CTbIKa);
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OTC)'TCTBMe Ko,n;MpOBaHMSI);
-ljeHmpanU306aHHble CmpeJlKU (nOTepSl KOHTponSl; BpeMSI nepeBo.[{a; OTKnOHeHHe HanpSl}l{eHHSI
,n;BMraTenSl; CHM}I{eHMe conpOTMBneHMSI H30nSll{HH);
- C6emorjJopbl (nO}l{HOe nepeKpbITMe; BpeMSI nepeKpbITHSI);
- 6blOep:JICKa 6peMeHU OJlfl OmMeHbl MapUlpymo6 (OTMeHa co cB060.[{Horo yqaCTKa; noe3.[{HaSl OT-
MeHa; MaHeBpOBaSl OTMeHa; MCKYCCTBeHHaSl pa3,n;enKa);
- numaHue cmaHljUOHHblX cucmeM (OTKJIOHeHHe HanpSl}l{eHMSI, TOKa 3apMa, TOKa HarpY3KH; no-
TepSl KOHTpOllil);
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HHSI);
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cxeMbI KOHT]JonSl npe,n;oxpaHMTeneM; HeMcnpaBHOCTb nepee3,n;a).
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lOT nepBWlHbIe npe06pa30BaTenM (3aIl{HTHO-HOPMHpYIOIl{He pe3MCTopbI, CHrHanbHbIe TpaHc<popMa-
TOpbI, npe06pa30BaTenH TOKa B HanpSl}l{eHMe M ,n;p.) Me:>K,LJ;y YCTpOMCTBaMM M Bxo.[{aMM Mo,n;yneM CO-
rnaCHO ymep:>K,LJ;eHHbIM cxeMaM no,n;KJIlOqeHHSI.
TIpM OCHaIl{eHMM pa60qMX MeCT P}'KOBO.ASlIl{erO, onepaTMBHoro, ,n;HCneTqepcKoro M 06cnY}l{MBa-
lOIl{ero nepCOHana Hcnonb3YlOT KOMnblOTepbI TMna IBM Pentium 3 (4) C MOHMTopaMM, .[{MCIUIeSlMM
H HH):{HKal{HOHHbIMM naHenSlMM, a ,n;nSl opraHM3al{HH M06HnbHbIx pa60qMX MeCT - KOMnblOTepbI
THIIa Notebook.
TIporpaMMHo-annapaTHbIe cpe,n;CTBa I1BK -A,LJ,K aBToMaTM3MpyroT KOHT]Jonb COCTOSlHillI M .[{HHa-
MMKY M3MeHeHMSI CMrHanOB, M3MepeHMe HX aHanorOBbIX napaMeTpOB H xapaKTepMCTMK, npOBepKY
COOTBeTCTBMSI HopMMpyeMbIM napaMeTpaM M nOrnqeCKMM KOHT]Jonb ,n;eMCTBMSI YCTPOMCTB. 3TH <PYH-
Kl{MM 06ecneqMBalOT nOT}Je6HOCTb CMCTeM aBToMaTM3al{MM B ,n;aHHOM MH<popMal{MH npM ynpaBne-
HMM, KOHT]Jone, 06cnY}l{HBaHMM, peMOHTe, npOBepKe M TeCTMpOBaHMM oT,n;enbHbIx YCTPOMCTB HJIH
HX KOMIUIeKcoB, a TaK}I{e npM KanM6pOBKe H3MepHTenbHbIX KaHanOB.
Cpe,n;crnaMH I1BK-A,LJ,K aBToMaTH3MpyroTCSI BBO,n;-BbIBO,n;, npe):{BapHTeJIbHaSl 06pa60TKa, xpaHe-
HUe, CMHXpOHHbIM KOHT]Jonb M M3MepeHHe BenHqHH TOKOB H HanpIDKeHMM no cOBoKynHoCTM no,n;-
KJIlOqeHHbIX cMrnanoB, 06MeH MH<popMal{MeM M nepe,n;aqa ,n;aHHbIx, aHanH3 napaMeTpOB ,n;HCKpcr-
HbIX M aHanorOBbIX CMrHanOB KOHTponHpyeMbIx BHeIIIHHX YCTPOMCTB B pe}l{MMe peanbHoro BpeMe-
HM C qaCTOTOM 20 pa3 B ceKYH):{y. Enaro.[{apSl3ToMY MO:>KHO aBToMaTH3MpoBaTb M3MepeHMe M aHanM3
H3MeHeHHSI napaMeT]JoB CHrHanOB, pernaMeHTHpyeMbIx MHCTPYKl{MSlMH TeXHWleCKoro o6cnY:)KHBa-
HlliI (TO) ,lUUI npOBepKH ycrpOMCTB CIJ,E, npMMeIDIeMbIx Ha rem ,n;opor POCCHH. BbICOKaSI qacrOTa
CHHXpOHHOro CbeMa MH<popMal{MH n03BOllileT aBTOMaTM3HpOBaTh ,lUfarHocrnpoBaHUe pa60ThI YCT-
pOMCTB; M.II.eHTM<pMl{MpOBaTb C06bITHSI M BpeMeHH:bIe napaMeTpbI npOl{eCCOB; KOHTponMpoBaTb
3aBMCHMOCTH B pa60Te YCTPOMCTB; BbISlBnSlTb «HemraTHbIe» CH'ryal{MM, B03HHKaIOIl{He npM c60SIX H
OTKa3aX B cnyqaSIX HenpaBHJIbHOM KOMMYTal{MM 3neKTpMqeCKMX coe,n;MHeHMM npM peMoHTHo-BOC-
CTaHOBHTeJIbHbIX pa60Tax M B03HHKHOBemrn BHeIIIHHX B.JIIDIHHii B cxeMbI 3aBMCHMOCTeM.
I1BK-A,LJ,K MO}l{HO Coe,n;MHSlTb C .ApyrMMM TaKHMH }l{e M3MepMTenbHO-BbIqHCJIHTenbHbIMM KOMn-
neKcaMH 06'beKTa C nOMOIl{blO npMKJIa,[{HbIX nporpaMMHbIX cpe,n;CTB, KOTopbIe Mcnonb3YlOT npM npo-
eKTHpoBaHMM pacIIIHpeHillI nOKanbHoM CeTH Ha KpynHbIx CTaHl{IDIX H no,n;KJIlOqemUl y.[{aneHHbIX
06'beKTOB .[{HamocrnpoBaHillI. )J:onOJIHHTeJIbHO I1BK-A,LJ,K MO}l{HO MHTerpHpOBaTh C .rqJyrHMM CHC-
TeMaMM)I{A T no cornaCOBaHHbIM npoToKonaM 06MeHa C l{enblO nonyqeHillI pe3ynbTaToB ,n;HarHOC-
rnpOBaHHSI H CaMO,lUfarHOCTHKM, <popMMpyeMbIx BCTpoeHHbIMH cpe,n;CTBaMM 3TMX CHCTeM.
BblIIonHeHHe 3a.Aaq aBTOMaTH3al{HM pa60T no TeXHOnOrMqeCKMM KaplaM (TK) npe.AnonaraeT
pa3pa60TKY M ymep:>K,LJ;eHMe M3MeHeHHM TeXHOnOrHH TeXHMqeCKoro o6cny}l{MBamUl YCTPOMCTB CIJ,E.
4*
51

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)].emITbCSI CTeneHb (BII)]., 06'beM, nepeqeHb) aBTOMaTH3al1H pa60T no TeXHOnOrHqeCKHM KapTaM.
TIpl1MepbI 06'beKTOB l1HOpMaIUiH. )].HarHoCTHpoBaHHSI H OCHOBHbIX TeXHOnOrHqeCI<HX 3a,n:aq KOH-
TpOJUI H aHaJIH3a pa60TbI YCTpOH:CTB CIJ:IJ npl1Be)].eHbI B Ta6n. 1.2.
Ta6Jlu/Ja 1.2
OCHOBHble 3a.ll.aqH KOHTpOJIH H aHaJIH3a pa60Tbi yqaCTKOB Cl.UJ
N!! 06DeKTbI l1H4>opMaQIDI 3a)1.aqH A,l],K-CQE npH aBTOMaTH3aQHH rpa4>HKa TO,
,l\HarHOCTHDOBaHHSI H aHMH3a pa60ThI YCTPoiicTB CQE
1 IIYTeBbIe KOHmpoRb COCmOJlHWI: no- AemoMamU3aijWl TO:
H cTpenoq- BTopHTeneii nYTeBbIx pene; - TK N!! 33. IIpoBepKa CTaHQHOHHbIX penbcoBbIX Qeneii (P:Q) Ha
HbIe ceKQHH HCKJIIOqaromHX pene; pene IIIYHTOBYIO qYBcTBHTenbHocTb (perHCTpaQHX qaCTOTbI IIIYHTHpO-
HCKyccTBeHHoH pa3,l\enKH; BaHIDI H H3MepeHHe OCTaTOqHOrO HanpXJKeHIDI, 4>OpMHpoBaHHe
3aMbIKalOmHX pene; OrpIDK- Ta6nHqHOii 4>OpMbI OT'IeTHOCTH);
,l\eHIDI nYTH. - TK N!! 34. 113MepeHHe HanpJlJKeHIDI Ha nYTeBbIX pene;
H3MepeHue HanpXJKeHHSI Ha - TK N!! 32. IIpoBepKa COCTOXHIDI penbcoBbIX QeneH.
nYTeBoM pene j{uazHOCmUileCKUe 3aOa'lu: KOHTponb HanpJlJKeHIDI Ha "YTeBOM
pene CTaHQHOHHbIX PQ; KOHTpOllb nOJKHoii 3aHJlTO-
cTHlcB060HOCTH H 3aMbIKaHIDI B MaplIIpYTe PQ; KOHTpOllb no-
e3,l\HOii 06CTaHOBKH Ha CTaHQHH; nOrHqeCKHii KOHTpOllb COCTOX-
HHX PQ (H30lIHDvlOmHX CThIKOB)
2 CTpenKH KOHmpoRb:nonOJKeHIDI AemoMamU3aijWl TO:
3Q cTpenoK; ynpaBneHIDI nepe- - TK N!! 22. 113MepeHHe TOKa 3neKTpO,l\BHraTenx MCII (,l\illI MCII
BO,l\OM cTpenoK; 06mero H3MepeHHe TOKOB nepeBO,l\a H TOKa 3neKTponpHBO,l\a npH pa60Te
B3pe3acTpenoK;nepeAaqH Ha 4>PHKQHIO, H3MepeHHe TOKOB nepeBolla H 4>HKCaQIDI npe,l\ellb-
cTpenoK Ha MeCTHoe ynpaB- HbIX 3HaqeHHii, H3MepeHHe HanpflJKeHIDI nepeBO,l\a cTpenoK C BbI-
neHHe; BKnlOqeHIDI MaKeTa XO,l\OB naHenH nHTaHIDI).
cTpenKH; nOnOJKeHIDI MaKe- j{uazHOCmUileCKUe 3aOa'lu: KOHTponb pa6oqero TOKa H TOKa 3neK-
Ta cTpenKH. TponpHBO,l\a npH pa6<ne Ha 4>PHKQHIO (c aHMH30M ,l\HHaMHKH
H3MepeHue: H3MeHeHIDI); KOHTponb HanpXJKeHIDI H conpoTHBneHIDI H30nXQHH
- TOKa H HanpSlJKeHIDI nepe- B MOMeHT nepeBO,l\a cTpenKH (c BbIXO,l\OB naHellH nHTaHHSI cTpe-
BO,l\a cTpenKH (,l\illI ,l\BHra- nOqHbIX 3neKTpO,l\BHraTeneii); KOHTponb BpeMeHH nepeBO,l\a
Teilll MCT no Ka)l(,lloii 4>a3e; cTpenKH; KOHTponb BbI,l\aqH KOMaH,l\ Ha nepeBO,l\ cTpenKH; KOH-
npOH3BO,l\HTCX B naHenH Tponb BKnlOqeHHSI MaKeTa cTpenKH H nOllOJKeHIDI cTpenKH B MaKe-
nHTaHIDI cTpenOqHbIX 3neK- Te; KOHTpOnb nOe3,l\HOii 06CTaHoBKH Ha CTaHQHH; yqeT KOnHqeCT-
TpO,l\BHraTeneii); BanepeBO,l\OBcTpenKH
- conpoTHBneHHx H30IDIQHH
QenH nHTaHIDI cTpenOqHbIX
3neKTPO,l\BHraTeneH
3 CBeT04>opbI: KOHmpoRb COCmOJlHWI: or- AemOMamU3aijWl TO:
BXO,l\HbIe, HeBbIX H CHrHMbHbIX pene. - TK N!! 1. IIpoBepKa Ha CTaHQIDIX npaBHnbHOCTH CHrHMH3aQHH
BbIXO,l\HbIe, H3MepeHue BpeMeHH 3a- CBeT04>OpOB H H3MeHeHIDI nlO60ro H3 pa3pelIIalOmHx nOKa3aHHii
MaplIIpYT- Me.lVleHIDI Ha oTnycKaHHe Ha 3anpemalOmee;
HbIe, MaHeB- xKopeii CHrHMbHbIX pene - TK N!! 15. 113MepeHHe BpeMeHH 3aMe.lVleHIDI Ha omycKaHHe
pOBbIe (BXO,l\HbIX, BbIXO,l\HbIX H xKopeii CHrHMbHbIX pene.
MaplIIPYTHbIX CBeT04>OpOB) j{uazHOCmUileCKUe 3aOa'lu: KOHTponb nepeKpbITHx cBeTo4>opoB C
KOHTpOneM 3aHXTOCTH yqaCTKOB nepe,l\ HUMH; KOHTponb nOe3,l\-
Hoii 06cTaHoBKH Ha CTaHQHH; nOrHqeCKHii KOHTponb 3aBHCHMO-
cTeii cTpenoK H CHrHMOB; KOHTpOnb BpeMeHH 3aMe.lVleHHX Ha
OTnYCKaHHe SlKopeii CHrHMbHbIX pene
4 IIeperoHbI, KOHmpORb COCmOJlHWI: AemoMamU3aijWl TO:
yqacTKH yqacTKOB npH6nHJKe- - TK N!! 2. IIpoBepKa npaBHnbHOCTH CHrHMH3aI.{HH cBeTo4>opoB
npH6nHJKe- HHx/Y,l\aneHHSI;YCTaHoB- Ha CTaHQHH H H3MeHeHIDI nlO60ro H3 pa3pelIIalOmHx nOKa3aHHii
HHX H y,l\a- neHHoro HanpaBneHIDI Ha 3anpemalOmee;
neHIDI; KO- ,l\BHJKeHHX; COCTOXHHX pene - TK N!! 44. 113MepeHHe HanpXJKeHIDI Ha 3neKponHTHqeCKHX KOH-
,l\OBWI flqeii- )I{,3. ,l\eHCaTOpax H BbmpXMHTeIDIX ,l\eIIIH4>paTopHblx XqeeK H 6noKoB
Ka y,l\aneHIDI H3MepeHue HanpXJKeHHX Ha ,l\elIIH4>paTOpa.
H'MnynbcHoM pene, Ha pene j{uazHOCmUileCKUe 3aOa'lu: KOHTponb pa60ThI ,l\eIIIH4>paTopHbIX
3 H)I{ H HanpXJKeHIDI nHTa- XqeeK yqaCTKOB y,l\MeHHSI; KOHTponb HanpXJKeHIDI Ha HMnynbc-
HIDI .n:A HOM pene
52

IIpodOJI:HCeHUe ma6R. 1.2
N!! 06'beKTbI l1H(l)OpMHSI 3a.L(aqH A,l(K-CUE npH aBTOMaTH3aQHH rpa4>HKa TO,
,l\HarHOCTHDOBaHHSI H aHMH3a Da60TbI VCTDOHCTB CUE
5 ,l],eiicTBIDI KOHmpORb: HanpaBneHIDI H AemOMamU3aijWl TO:
no YCTaHOB- KaTeropHH MapmpYTa; KHO- - TK N!! 3. IIpoBepKa ,l\eiiCTBIDI cxeM 3aBHCHMOCTeii YCTpOiiCTB
Ke H OTMeHe nOqHblX pene (YCTaHO- 3Q. (ABToMaTH3aQIDI npoQecca nOrH'ieCKoro KOHTpOIDI pa60TbI
MapIIIpYTOB BHTbloTMeHHTb); BaPHaHT- CBeT04>OPOB, cTpenoK H nYTeBblX yqacTKoB npH YCTaHOBKe, OTMe-
HblX KHonOK; rpynnoBoii He H HCKYCCTBeHHoii pa3,l\enKe MapmpYTOB).
OTMeHbI Ha60pa MapmpYTa; /{uazHOCmU'IeCKUe 3aOa'lu: KOHTponb BbI.l\ep:IKKH BpeMeHH Ha OT-
HCKYCCTBeHHoii pa3,l\enKH MeHY nOe3,l\HbIX H MaHeBpoBbIX MapIIIpYTOB co CB060,l\HOrO nYTH,
(HaqMO/KOHeQ);nOe3,l\HOH C 3aIDITOrO nYTH; KOHTponb Bbep:IKKH BpeMeHH cxeMbI HCKYCCT-
OTMeHbI (HaqMO/KOHeQ); BeHHoii pa3,l\enKH MapmpYToB
MaHeBpOBoii OTMeHbI (Haqa-
nO/KOHeQ); OTMeHbI co CBO-
6o,l\Horo nYTH (Haqa-
nO/KOHeQ)
6 06'beKTbI KOHmpoJ/b: aBapHH /{uazHOCmU'IeCKUe 3aOa'lU: KOHTponb KpaTKOBpeMeHHoii nOTepH
06mero Ha- qeT/HeqeT; H3'bSiTHli KnlOqa- nHTaHIDI KOHTponHpyeMbIx Qeneii; neperopaHIDI npe,l\OXpaHHTe-
3HaqeHIDI :lKe3JIa; neperopaHIDI npe- neii; KOHTpOnb cpa6aTbIBaHIDI Bcex YCTpOiiCTB, COOTBeTCTBYIO-
,l\OXpaHHTeneH;nHTaHHSI IIUfX CHrHMaM B ,l\aHHOM pa3,l\ene
qeT/HeqeT ropnoBHHbI; pe-
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nO:IKapHOH H oxpaHHoH CHr-
HMH3aQHH
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conpOTHBJIeHHg H30JIgl.{HH npHMeHgeTCg MO.D.YJIb YrP, BbIIIOJIHglOI.D;HH: YHKl.{HH YCHJIHTeJUI C
raJIbBaHWIOCKOH: pa3BIDKOH:, aHaJIOroBO-l.{HpoBOro rrpeo6pa30BaTeJUI, nepe.n.a1'lliKa KO.n.a Aun B MO.n.y-
JIH MAB, MAB2 HJIH M,lJ;B-02. MO.n.yJIb YrP .D.OnOJIHHTeJIbHO pernaeT BonpOCbl nOBblrneHHg 3aI.D;H-
Tbl OT nOpa>KeHHg 3JIeKTpHqeCKHM TOKOM, YBeJIHqeHHg nOMeX03aI.D;HI.D;eHHOCTH H3MepHTeJIbHOrO
KaRaJIa H gBllileTCg ycrpOH:CTBOM l.{HpOBOH: nepe.D.aqH .D.aHHbIX.
MO.n.yJIb M,lJ;BY I1pe.D.Ha3HaqeH,WUI KOMM)'Tal.{HH l.{eneH: nOCTOgHHOro TOKa H HMeeT 24 H30JIHpO-
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Tpe60BaHHH: 6e30nacHoro nO.D.KJIlOqeHHg MO.D.YJIeH: .D.HcKpeTHoro BBO.D.a K ycrpOH:CTBaM CUE Ka>K-
.D.blH: KaRaJI MO.n.yJUI M,lJ;B HMeeT BXO.D.HOH: 6aJIJIaCTHbIH: pe3HCTOp COnpOTHBJIeHHeM He MeHee 10 KOM.
KpoMe Toro, B l.{eJIgx nOBblrneHHg 6e30naCHOCTH B 3TH >Ke l.{enH BKJIlOqalOT «3aI.D;HTHble» 6aJIJIaCT-
Hble pe3HCTOpbI COnpOTHBJIeHHeM He MeHee 20 KOM, 2 BT.
Bo BXO.D.HbIX l.{emlX Mo.n.yJIeH: M,lJ;B-OO ,WUI YMeHbrneHIDI BepOgTHOCTII B03HHKHOBeHIDI BJIIDIHlliI
Me KaHaJIaMH C O.D.HHM 06I.D;HM npOBO.D.OM ycraHaBJIHBalOT 3am;HTHble .AHO.D.bI C MaKCHMaJIbHbIM
06paTHbIM Hanpg>KeHHeM He MeHee 50 B.
,LLrnI HCKJIlOqeHIDI B03MO>KHOrO BJIIDIHIDI Ha YCTpOH:CTBa CUE ):{HCKpeTHbIe CHrHaJIbI nO.AKJIlOqa-
lOT K MO.n.yJUlM BBO.D.a M,lJ;B-OO H M,lJ;B-24-3 Ha cB060.AHble KOHTaKTbI peJIe. Ha pHC. 1.20 .D.aHbl
npHMepbI nO.AKJIlOqeHHg cxeM KOHTpOJUI CTpeJIOK C rryCKOBbIMH 6JIOKaMH nC-220 H nCT.
B cJIyqae OTCyrCTBHg CB060.D.HbIX KOHTaKTOB peJIe .D.orryCKaeTCg nO.D.KJllOqeHHe Mo.n.yJIeH: .D.HCK-
peTHbIX CHrHaJIOB K JIaMnaM HJIH CBeTO.D.HO.D.aM Ta6JIo ,[(cn. CHrHaJIbI nO.D.KJIlOqalOTcg K MO.n.yJUlM
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nOJIIOC MC). Ha pHC. 1.21 npHBe.D.eHbI npHMepbI cxeM nO.AKJIlOqeHHg M,[(B K KOHTpOJIbHbIM JIaM-
miM nOBTOpHTeJIeH: CBeTOOpOB (BXO.D.HOrO, BbIXO.D.Horo H MaHeBpoBoro), a Ha pHC. 1.22 - K KOH-
TpOJIbHbIM JIaMnaM pe>KHMOB OTMeHbI H HCKycCTBeHHOH: pa3.D.eJIKH MaprnpyroB.
B CJIyqae OTcyTCTBHg cB060.D.HbIX KOHTaKTOB peJIe .D.OnYCKaeTCg nO.D.KJIlOqeHHe KaHaJIOB MO.n.y-
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npoH3BeCTH aHaJIH3 B03MO>KHOro BJIHgHHg Ha pa60TY ycrpOH:CTB CUE.
53

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nOCTOIIHHOro 1
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L-_______J
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54

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np060e 3aIUHTHOrO .L(HO.L(a.L(O BeJIHqHHbI He 60nee 0,59 MA. TOK pene HTIC MeHbIIle MHHHMaJIbHOro
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MOJJ:)'JUI orpaHINeHo pe3HCTOpaMH Rl H R2, paBHbIMH 50 KOM, 2 BT. COnpOTHBJIeHHe HOPMHPYIO-
IUero pe3HCTopa R3 COCTaBJUleT 60nee 100 KOM, qTO nOqTH B.L(BOe npeBbIIIlaeT BXO.L(HOe conpoTHB-
neHHe (54,5 KOM), pa3peIIleHHoro K npHMeHeHHIO H3MepHTenbHOro npH60pa IJ:4380.
)],n» H3MepeHH» Hanp»>KeHH» B penbcoBbIX l.{emlX CTaHI.{HOHHbIX ycrpOH:CTB 3IJ: H aBT06noKH-
pOBKH .L(On>KHbI Hcnonb30BaTbC» raJIbBaHHqeCKH Pa3B»3aHHbIe KaHaJIbI C Hanp»>KeHHeM He MeHee
2 KB. 3aIUHTHO-HOpMHpyIOI..I.{He pe3HCTOpbl YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTc» Ha TOM >Ke CTaTHBe, r.L(e pa3MeIUaeTC»
annaparypa pe.TlbCOBbIX l.{eneH:. 113MepeHHe TOKOB AJICH .L(On>KHO npOH3BO.L(HTC» C Hcnonb30BaHH-
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paMeTpOB ycrpOH:CTB;
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_ nOBbIIIleHHe Ha,n;e>KHOCTH H 6e30nacHoCTH .L(BH>KeHH» noe3.AOB B ycnoBH»x cOKpaIUeHH» qHC-
neHHOCTH o6cnY>KHBaIOIUero nepCOHaJIa;
_ HenpepblBHbrn aBToMaTWIeCKHH: c60p, 06pa60TKa, xpaHeHHe H npOTOKOJIllpOBaHHe, KOHTponb
H .L(HarROCTHpOBaHHe COCTO»HHH: ycrpOH:CTB CIJ:E B peaJIbHOM MaCIIlTa6e BpeMeHH (c03.L(aHHe HH-
1l>0pMaI.{HOHHOrO apXHBa pa60TbI HCTOqHHKOB 3neKTpOnHTaHH», CBeTOIl>OPOB, penbcoBbIX I.{eneii,
CTpeJIOqHbIX 3neKTpOnpHBO.L(OB, BaroHHbIX 3aMe.L(JIHTeneH: H .L(pyrHX ycrpOH:CTB B XO.L(e BbIIIonHeHlliI
TeXHOnOrHqecKoro npol.{ecca);
-ll>opMHpOBaIIHe l.{eJIOCTHOH: KapTHHbI .L(eH:CTBHH: onepaTHBHoro nepCOHaJIa npH pa60Te C YCT-
pOH:CTBaMH CIJ:E B cHTyaI.{H»x, BnH»IOIUHX Ha 6e30nacHocTb .L(BH>KeHH»;
_ .L(oK)'MeHTIlpOBaHHe HHll>opMal.{HH JJ:lliI aHaJIH3a cHTyal.{HH: OTKa30B ycrpOH:CTB, npWIHH HX B03-
HHKHOBeHH» H HenpaBIDIbHbIX .L(eH:CTBHH: o6cnY>KHBaIOIUero nepCOHaJIa;
-ll>opMHpoBaHHe H nepe.L(aqa pe3ynbTaToB .L(HarHOCTHKH .L(HCneTqepy rnq.L(JI» npHH»TH» peIIle-
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BbIIIonHeHHe OCHOBHbIX Il>YHKI.{HH: KOMrrneKca A,l],K -CIJ:E oCYIUeCTBJUleTc» nOCpe.L(CTBOM aBTO-
MaTWIecKoro ll>yHKI.{HOHHpOBaHlliI BcrpoeHHoro nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHlliI Ha OCHOBe HHll>opMa-
I.{HH C HanonbHoro H nOCTOBoro 060pY.L(OBaHlliI.
CHHMaeMbIe C ycrpOH:CTB CIJ:E CHrHaJIbI npOXO.L(»T nepBHqHYIO 06pa60TKY B MO.L(yn»x .L(HCTaH-
I.{HOHHOro eDeMa CHrRaJIOB .n;CC (MOJJ:)'nH aHaJIOrOBOro H .L(HCKpeTHoro BBO.L(OB) H qepe3l.{eHTpaJIb-
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PHC. 1.23. CxeMa H3MepeHHfl Hanpfl)l(eHHfl Ha nYTeBoM pene MoyneM MAB
57

HbIH: 6noK CBH3H IJ.EC nOCTynaIOT B npOMbInmeHHbIH: KOMnblOTep llK I1BK (CM. pHC. 1.19). K 6noKY
I1BK A,D:K nO.AKJIlOqalOTCH M06HJIbHbIe HJIH CTHoHapHbIe APM JJ:K-lllH. JJ:HamOCTHqeCKHe npo-
TOKonbI, C06paHHbIe Ha nHHeH:HbIX rryHKTax, nepe)].alOTcH Ha cepBep ,AHarHOCTHKH )].HCTaHI.{HH
(B KOMnblOTep K.D:K-lllq,l];).
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)].HOH: 06CTaHoBKe H pa60Te ycrpOH:CTB Ha CTaHI.{HH. HarrpI1Mep, KOHTponb npol.{ecca nepeBo)].a crpe.rr-
KH no HanpH)I{eHHIO, TOKY H conpoTHBneHHIO H30nHI.{HH n03BonHIOT onpe)].eJIHTb MeCTO H npHqHHY
HeHcnpaBHoCTH. lIpH HaJIHqHH Ha KOHTponHpyeMOH: CTaHI.{HH HeHcnpaBHbIx 06'beKTOB Ha KapTe
yqacTKa J],aHHaH CTaHI.{HH BbIBO)].I1TCH KpacHbIM I.{BeTOM.
llocne B He .ApeHI1H aBTOMaTI13HpOBaHHoro pa60qero MeCTa APM-lllHIJ. Ha l.{eHTpaJIbHOM nocry
JJ:IJ. KYH:6bIIIleBCKOH: )l{ene3HOH: )].oporH CnO)l{HJICH cne)].YlOmHH: aJIrOpI1TM pa60TbI C KOMrrneKCOM:
- npocMoTp npoToKona c60eB YCTpOH:CTB CIJ.E 3a CYTKH;
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_ COCTaBneHHe MeponpHHTHH: H peKoMeH)].aI.{HH: no HX ycrpaHeHHIO H npe)].oTBpameHHIO;
_ 03HaKOMJIeHHe HaqaJIbHI1Ka yqaCTKa H CTapIIlero 3neKTpoMexaIDIKa C BbIHBneHHbIMH He)].OCTaT-
KaMH;
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- KOHTpOnb BbIIIOnHeHI1H MeponpHHTHH: B reqeHHe pa60qeH: CMeHbI.
Ha CTaHI.{HHX, r)].e BHe)].pHJIH A,D:K-CUE, nOBbICHJIOCb KaqeCTBO co)].ep)l{aHI1H penbcoBbIX l.{eneH:,
CTpenOqHbIX nepeBo)].oB, y)].aJIOCb 60nee TOqHO HaCTpoHTb BpeMH 3aMe.AneHHH CHrHanbHbIX peJIe
cBeToopoB H T.)].. llOHBHJIaCb B03MO)l{HOCTb aprYMeHTHpoBaHo npe)].'bHBlliITb npeTeH3HH )].HCTaH-
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OT)].eJIbHbIX JJ:ClI npH nOnb30BaHHH ycrpOH:CTBaMH CIJ.E.

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3J1eKTpHQeCKHe QeHTpaJlH3aQHH H0801'0 nOKOJleHHH
2.1. MOJJ.epHH3HpoBaHHaH CHCTeMa 6JIOIJHOH lJ,eHTpaJIH3alJ,HH
,nml nOBbIIIleHHg 3KcnnyaTaUHOHHOH: HaJJ:e>KHOCTH CHCTeM peneH:HbIX ueHTpaJIH3aUHH: C 6noq-
HbIM MOHTa>KOM Cnel.{HaJIHCTaMH HHCTIIT)'Ta «rHnpoTpaHCCHrHaJICBg3b» B 1997 r. 6bIJIH pa3pa60Ta-
HbI rrplIHl.{HnHaJIbHble cxeMbI MOJJ:epHH3HpoBaHHblx 6nOKOB EMPIJ. - EH C npHMeHeHHeM pene THna
EH ()Ulg THnOBblX pemeHHH: aJIb60Ma MPIJ.-13 H 60nee paHHHx aJIb60MOB - TP-47, TP-66, 3IJ.-4,
3IJ.-9, MPIJ.-9), a CaHKT-TIeTep6yprcKHM 3neKTpOTeXHHqecKHM 3aBOJJ:OM 3TH 6nOKH nOCTaBneHbI
Ha npOH3BOJJ:CTBO. MOJJ:epHH3al.{Hg 6nOKOB 6bIJIa OCYlUeCTBneHa no cneJJ:YlOlUHM HanpaBneHHgM:
- BO BceX HcnonIDITenbHbIX 6nOKax, KpoMe rryCKOBbIX 6nOKOB TIcr, TIC-llOMITIC-220M H MaKeT-
HOro 6nOKa MTIY-69, pene THna HM 3aMeHeHbI Ha pene TlIna EH. AHaJIOrn pene P3J1, YCTaHOBneH-
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naMnbI lIpH ee neperopaHHH Ha >KerrrylO):{JUI Ka>K.UOrO noe3IDIoro CBeTOopa.
KOHCTpYKTHBHO MOJJ:epHH3HpOBaHHbIH: 6nOK (PHC. 2.1) npeJJ:CTaBJUleT c060H: maCCH, Ha KOTOpOM
C nHueBOH: CTOpOHbI pa3Mem;eHbI JJ:Ba BepTHKaJIbHbIX PMa pene. B Ka>KJJ:OM PMY YCTaHoBneHbI JJ:O
QeTblpeX pene rnna P3J1 B HH,lIHBIIJI:YaJIbHbIX 060nOQKax. TIo KpagM B He06xoJJ:HMbIX cnyqagx YCTa-
HaBnHBalOTCg JJ:O QeTblpex pe3HCTopOB THna C5-35B. C 06paTHOH: CTOpOHbI 6noKa HaXOJJ:HTCg MOH-
Ta>KHag KaMepa C JJ:BYMg pa3'beMaMH, Ka>K.UbIH: H3 KOTOpbIX paCCQHTaH Ha 22 nHHHH.
TIpH H3MeHeHHH KOHCTpYKl.{HH 6nOKOB B CBg3H C YCTaHOBKOH: pene P3J1 CQxpaHeHa IIX B3aHM03a-
MeIDIeMOCTb (c pene HM) no KOHCTpYKTHBHOM)' BKJllOQeHHIO H He Tpe6YeTcg OC)'IIl:eCTBJUlTb nepe-
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59

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HM Ha 60nee HaJ].e)l{HbIe H J].eIIleBbIe pene THna EH n03Bommo YMeHbIIlHTb CTOHMOCTb 6nOKOB,
nOBbICHTb HX HaJ].e)l{HOCTb H YBenHqHTb Me)l{peMOHTHbIH: CpOK cnY)I{6b1.
lIpHHI.1HIIHaJIbHbIe cxeMbI MOJ].epHH3HpOBaHHbIX CHrnaJIbHbIX 6nOKOB B)];-M H BIII-M npHBeJ].e-
HbI Ha pHC. 2.2 (BKJIeH:Ka). B 3THX 6noKax H3 cxeM CHrHaJIbHbIX pene H pene OTMeHbI HCKJIlOqeHbI
KOH,D;eHCaTopbI, qTO n03BonlUl0 OTKa3aTbCg OT HX nepHoJ].HqeCKOH: 3aMeHbI C nocne.A)'lOmeH: nOnHOH:
npOBepKOH: Ha CTeH,D;e B PTY. 3TO YBeJIHqlUlO CpOKH nepHoJ].HqeCKOH: npoBepKH CHrHaJIbHbIX 6no-
KOB (J].o CpOKOB npoBepKH OCTaJIbHbIX 6noKoB 6e3 KOHJ].eHcaTopoB) H 06eCneqHnO CTa6HnbHoe 3a-
Me)].JIeHHe Ha oma,n;aHHe gKOpg nOe3.AHbIX CUrHaJIbHbIX pene.
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3aMe)].JIeHIDI Ha J].BYX pene C J].BywI llillHaMH cxeMHbIX 06Bg30K. TaKOH: KOMrrneKT J].on)l{eH 6bITb CMOH-
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Ha)l{eJITyIO B 6noKax noe3J].HbIX CBeTOOpOB n03BonlUl0 KOHKpeTIl3HpoBaTb CBeTOOp, Ha KOTOpOM
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rpynnoBoe 3aMe.AneHHe B pa60Te CHrHaJIbHbIX pene He06xoJ].HMO J].ng HCKJIlOqeHHg 06ecTo-
qHBaHHg CHrHaJIbHbIX pene npH nepeKnlOqeHHH HJ].epoB nHTaHHg HnH KpaTKoBpeMeHHoM Ha-
nO)l{eHHH IIlYHTa Ha penbcoBYIO I.1enb B MapIIlpYTe. CxeMa npH60poB .Ang 3aMe.AneHHg, COCTOg-
mag H3 pene BTIC H BK3 co CneI.1HanbHbIMH IIlHHaMH, nOJ].KnlOqeHHbIMH K CHrHanbHbIM 6no-
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HIDI H.D.epOB 3HeprocHa6)1{eHIDI IUIH CHjffHg lII)'HTa C penbCOBOH: I.1enH J].O 06eCTOqHBaHIDI pene BK3
nocne B036}')K,l1:eHIDI KOHTpOnbHo-ceKI.1HOHHOro pene KC IUIH J].O 06ecrOqHBaHIDI pene BTIC B cnyqae
npeBbIIIleHIDI HopMaTHBHoro BpeMeIDI nepeKJIlOqeHHg H.D.epoB. lIpH HX nepeKJIlOqeHHH nHTaHHe no
IIlHHe lIB3 nona,n;aeT Ha 06MOTKH BceX nOe3.LJ:HbIX CHrnaJIbHbIX pene OTKpbITbIX CBeTOOpOB.
TIpH 3aTgHYBIIleMCg nepeKJIlOqeHHH H.D.epOB nHTaHHg IUIH HaJIHqHH IIlYHTa Ha penbCOBOH: I.1enH,
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HbIX pene npHXO.AHT B HCXOJ].Hoe COCTOgHHe.
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6b1Baer HeJ].OCTaTOq}{O 3Toro BpeMeIDI3aMe)].JIeHllil.D.JISI nepenera co6crneHHoro KOHTaKTa CHrHaJIbHOrO
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CBOHM KOHTaKTOM BbIKJIIOqaeT enb nHTaHHiI npoTHBonoBTopHoro pe.rre, a Ha CBeTO<pOpe BKJIlOqaeT-
Cil JIaMna KpacHoro orHiI.
B 6JIOKe B2-M, r.IJ;e KOHTaKTaMH nOBTOpHTeJIbHOrO CHrHaJIbHOrO peJIe Cl OCYll{eCTBJUleTCiI nepe-
KJIlOqeHHe CHrHaJIbHOro nOKa3aHlliI CBeTo<popa C 3arrpell{alOll{ero (KpacHoro) Ha pa3pernalOll{ee, pe.rre
Cl YCTaHOBJIeHO THna EH 1-1600. KOHTaKToB TaKoro THna peJIe .IJ;OCTaTOqHO.LJ:]IiI BKJIlOqeHHiI enH
npOTHBOnOBTopHoro pe.rre H.LJ:JUI nepeKJIlOqeHlliI eneH JIaMn CHrHaJIbHbIX OrHeH. HecMOTpil Ha TO, qTO
pe.rre CO H JIC YCTaHOBJIeHbI THrra E)J:3M -600, BBO):{HTb KOlITaKT pe.rre CO B errb npOTHBOnOBTopHOro
peJIe He Tpe6yeTCiI.
TaK KaK conpOTHBJIeHHiI 06MOTOK KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKHoHHoro peJIe KC H peJIe pa3.IJ;eJIKH P
npH 3aMeHe C peJIe THna HMIII4-3/4, HMIIIMl-lO H HMIIIMl-l,7 Ha peJIe THna EH-6,8 H
E)J:3-3,5 He COBna.AaIOT, TO npOH3BO.IJ;HTCiI paCqeT He06xo.IJ;HMOH BeJIHqHHbI OrpaHHqHBalOll{HX
conpOTHBJIeHHH, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMbIX B enH peJIe KC H P MO.IJ;epHH3HpOBaHHbIX 6JIOKOB. TIpH
3TOM qHCJIO MaprnpYTHbIX ceKHH B nOe3.AHOM HJIH MaHeBpOBOM MaprnpYTe npH npHMeHeHHH
MO.IJ;epHH3HpOBaHHbIX 6JIOKOB He YMeHbrnHJIOCb, H nOTOMY BeJIHqHHbI OrpaHHqHBalOll{HX CO-
npOTHBJIeHHH, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMbIX B 3TH enH 3a npe.IJ;eJIaMH 6JIOKOB B cxeMax YBil3KH C nepero-
HaMH, OCTaJIHCb HeH3MeHHbIMH.
MO.IJ;epHH3aHiI 6JIOKOB BbIIIOJIHeHa TaKHM 06Pa30M, qTO MO.IJ;epHH3HpOBaHHbIe 6JIOKH MorYT B
.AeHCTBYIOll{HX YCTpoHCTBax 3D: YCTaHaBJIHBaTbCiI B3aMeH cYll{eCTBYIOll{HX 6JIOKOB 6e3 H3MeHeHHiI
BHernHero MOHTa)l{a no Mepe nocTynJIeHHiI MO.IJ;epHH3HpoBaHHoH annapaTypbl. 3aMeHa HeMO.IJ;ep-
,
HH3HpoBaHHbIx 6JIOKOB nOe3.IJ;HbIX cBeTo<popoB .IJ;OJI)I{Ha npOH3BO.IJ;HTbCiI Ha MO.IJ;epHH3HpoBaHHbIe
06ll{HMH cxeMHbIMH Y3JIaMH, T.e. .IJ;OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIe CHrHaJIbHbIe 6JIOKH B)J:-62 H OCHoBHbIe-6JIo-
KH B 1 (B2, B3), .IJ;OJI)I{HbI o.IJ;HoBpeMeHHo 3aMeHilTbCiI Ha MO.AepHH3HpoBaHHbIe 6JIOKH B)J:- M H COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO-6JIOKH BI-M, B2-M, B3-M.
3aMe.LJ:]IeHHe Ha MaHeBpoBbIX CHrHaJIbHbIX peJIe 6billO He06xo.IJ;HMO Ha MOMeHT pa3pbIBa <pPOH-
TOBoro KOHTaKTa peJIe KC.IJ;o cpa6aTbIBaHHiI MaprnpYTHoro peJIe B 6JIOKe CTI-69 npH BCTynJIe-
HHH COCTaBa 3a cBeTo<pop H He 06eCneqHBaJIOCb c06CTBeHHbIM 3aMe.aJIeHHeM peJIe MC. B HO-
BbIX 6JIOKaX BKJIlOqeHHe MaprnpYTHbIX peJIe npH BbIxo.ae COCTaBa Ha MaprnpYT, KaK H B CTapbIX
6JIOKaX, OCYll{eCTBJIileTCiI C MOMeHTa 3aMbIKaHHiI TbIJIOBOrO KOHTaKTa KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKHOH-
Horo peJIe KC, a BKJIlOqeHHe BTOpOH Me)l{6JIoqHOH CHrHaJIbHOH enH OCYll{eCTBJIileTCiI <pPOH-
TOBbIM KOHTaKTOM Me.LJ:]IeHHO.IJ;eHCTBYIOll{erO KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKHOHHoro peJIe KCM.
B MO.AepHH3HpOBaHHbIX 6JIOKaX CTpeJIOqHbIX ceKHH THna CTI - M (pHC. 2.4) MaprnpYTHbIe peJIe
1 M, 2M YCTaHOBJIeHbI HOpMaJIbHO BbIKJIlOqeHHbIMH B CBil3H C TeM, qTO OTCYTCTBYeT THn Me.LJ:]IeHHO-
.aeHCTBYIOll{ero peJIe EH aHaJIOrHqHoro peJIe THna HMIIIM 1-11 001700, Y KOTOpOro 06MoTKa caMO-
6JIOKHpOBKH peJIe 6billa 6b1 60JIee BbICOKOOMHail, qeM 06MoTKa B036Y)K.LJ:eHHiI. TIpHMeHeHHe peJIe
THna EH 1 M C pa3.IJ;eJIbHO BKJIIOqeHHbIMH 06MoTKaMH npH coxpaHeHHH cYll{eCTBYIOll{eH cxeMbI Bbl3-
BaJIO 6bI 3HaqHTeJIbHOe YBeJIHqeHHe nOTpe6JIileMOrO TOKa. KpoMe Toro, peJIe EH 1 M npH BKJIlOqe-
HHH no O.IJ;HOH 06MoTKe rpeeTCiI, XOTiI TeMnepaTypa HarpeBa H He BbIXO.IJ;HT 3a .IJ;OnYCTHMbIe npe.ae-
JIbI. B CBil3H C 3THM MaprnpYTHbIe peJIe 1 M, 2M nOCJIe B036Y)I{.IJ;eHHiI 3aMbIKalOll{erO peJIe
62
'"

1-1 cm 2-1
B cxeMY HCKnIO- 41 6,l],3-3,5
qeHH}! npe):\BapH-
TenbHoro 3a):\a-
HH}! Mapm YTOB 2-2
B cxeMY HCKnIO-
3aMbIKaHHe 31 2-21 ) qeHH}! npe):\BapH-
cTpenoK TenbHoro 3a.ZI;a-
41 31 1 2-3 HH}! MapmpYToB
3aMbIKaHHe
cTpenoK
i:Q i:Q
 
a 1-20 a
0. 3aMbIKaHHe 0.
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 crpenoK HnH 
too: too:
:= BKnlOqeHHe :=
:J:: :J::
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0. 0.
:= 1-5 2M (3-4) 2-5 :s:
:s: :s:
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0 0
:J:: 2-11 ) B'illO'<CMMC :J::
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0 H, HM, KM 
>.
>. 1-6 cm 2-9 

(1) 51 2-6 
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0 1-7 0
 2-7 
CM KCX 31 II pCX 2-20
1-16 MM P ; [ I 61  MCM 2-22
EL{3M-600
7] 71 pn Pl1 2-14
1-8 III 51 
2-8
1-14 PI1 Pll
81 2-1
1-13
cm KCX 2-18
IIH3(IIq3) cn 1-22 2 (3-4) 1 M
EnoK CII-M
0'1 PHC. 2.4. npHHQHnHanbHafl cxeMa CTpenOqHOrO 6noKa CTI-M
l.;.J

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3aMbIKalOll{HX pe.rre, KaK 3T0 HMeeTCiI B MO)J;epHH:3H:pOBaHHbIX 6JIOKaX cn-M, 3aMbIKalOll{He pe.rre
YCTaHOBJIeHbI Me.lLJleHHO)J;eHCTBYIOll{H:MH THIIa EHIM-600. B HeMO.AepHH3HpoBaHHbIX 6JIOKaX crpe-
JIOqHbIX CeKl(HH TH:na Cn-69 rum Cn-62 3aMe.lLJleHHe Ha OTna.uaHHe ilKOpil 3aMbIKalOll{erO peJIe
06ecneqHBaJIOCb TeM, qTO OHO ilBJIIDIOCb nOBTOpH:TeJIeM HOpMaJIbHO BKJIlOqeHHbIX Me.lLJleHHO.AeH-
CTBYIOll{HX MapmpyrnbIX peJIe. Me.lLJleHHO.AeHCTB}'IOll{H:H nOBTOpHTeJIb peJIe pa3MbIKaHIDI PM B 6JIo-
Kax Cn-M YCTaHOBJIeH B CBil3H: C TeM, qTO npH OTMeHe MaHeBpoBoro MapmpYTa OT HeMO.AepHH3H-
pOBaHHoro CH:rHaJIbHOrO 6JIOKa .AO MO.AepHH3H:pOBaHHoro CH:TIIaJIbHOrO 6JIOKa nOCJIe B036Y)I{,L{eHIDI
3aMbIKalOll{erO peJIe 3 B 6JIOKe cn -69 ilKOpb KOHeqHOrO MaHeBpoBoro peJIe OTIIa.AaeT npH:MepHO
qepe3 200 MC, a HaqaJIbHOrO MaHeBpoBoro peJIe HM THna HMIIIMI-700 - qepe3 430 MC. ,[(mI
BbIpaBHHBaHHiI BpeMeHHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK B l(enb KOHTpOJIbHo-ceKl(HOHHbIX peJIe nOCJIe.AOBaTeJIb-
HO C TbillOBbIM KOHTaKTOM peJIe pa3.AeJIKH P BBe.AeH TbIDOBOH KOHTaKT .AOnOJIHHTeJIbHorO peJIe PM,-
qTO nepeKpblBaeT OCTaTOqHOe 3aMe.lLJleHHe peJIe KC TIma HMIIIM 1-1 O.
3aMe.AJIeHHe Ha pa60TY peJIe OTMeHbI OT B 6JIOKaX B)J:-M He06xo.AH:MO Ha MOMeHT nO.AaqH:
mHH BbI.Aep)l{KH BpeMeHH nOB, nMB, nnB B l(enb peJIe pa3)J;eJIKH P nOCJIe OKOHqaHHiI pa60-
TbI KOMnJIeKTOB BbI)J;ep)l{KH: BpeMeHH (5 c, 60 c, 180 c). nOcJIe nO.AaqH nHTaHHiI B l(enb peJIe P
OHO pa3MbIKaeT CBOH TbIDOBOH KOHTaKT B l(enH KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKl(HOHHbIX peJIe KC, KOTopoe
pa3MbIKaeT CBOH <ppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT B l(enH peJIe KCM, a nOCJIe.AHee B l..{enH: peJIe OT H C
3Toro MOMeHTa peJIe OT HaXO.AH:TCiI Ha 3aMe.lLJleHH:H:, KOToporo B cYMMe C 3aMe.lLJleHH:eM, npH06pe-
TaeMbIM peJIe P 3a BpeMiI HaXO)l{)J;eHHiI peJIe OT no.A TOKOM, .AOJI)I{HO 6bITb .AOCTaTOqHO ;::mil
cpa6aTbIBaHHiI <ppoHToBoro KOHTaKTa peJIe P H: B036Y)I{)J;eHHiI MapmpYTHbIX peJIe 1 M H 2M B
6JIOKe CTpeJIOqHOH ceKl(HH Cn-69 H:JIH: 3aMbIKalOll{erO peJIe 3. PeJIe P H 3 B MO.AepHH:3H:pOBaH-
HOM 6JIOKe Cn-M cpa6aTbIBalOT 6bICTpee.
He06xo.AHMOe 3aMe.AJIeHH:e peJIe OTMeHbI OT 06eCneqH:BaeTCiI c06cTBeHHbIM 3aMe.AJIeHH:-
eM Ha OTna.AaHHe (He MeHee 0,2 c) B cYMMe C 3aMe.AJIeHH:eM Ha OTna.AaHH:e peJIe KCM (He
MeHee 0,2 c).
PeJIe P nOCJIe BbIKJIlOqeHHiI peJIe KCM nOJIyqaeT nH:TaHHe no IIIHHe nOB (H:JIH nMB, IUIH:
nnB).Ao 06eCTOqH:BaHH:iI rpynnoBoro peJIe BKJIlOqeHHiI KOMnJIeKTa Bbl):{ep)l{KH: BpeMeHH: (rOT
HJIH: MBl, H:JIH: nBl), H:MelOll{erO 3aMe.AJIeHH:e Ha OTna.AaHH:e He MeHee 0,6 c.
Tpe6yeMoe 3aMe;::meHH:e peJIe OTMeHbI Mapmpym OT B 6JIOKe MI - M (MIl - M, MIll - M) orrpe.Ae-
JIileTCiI pe)l{HMOM OTMeHbI HeH:CnOJIb30BaHHoH qaCfH MaHeBpoBoro MapmpYTa npH yrnoBoM 3ae3.Ae.
He06xo.AHMOe 3aMe.lLJleHHe peJIe npH OTMeHe Bcero MapmpYTa C Tpe6yeMbIM 3aMe.lLJleHHeM,Z:(IDI peJIe
OT B 6JIOKax B)J:-M 06ecneqH:BaeTCil3aMe.lLJleHHeM peJIe OT, KCM, rOT (MB 1), PH: COCTaBJUleT He
MeHee 0,85 c. B MO.AepHH:3HpoBaHHbIx 6JIOKaX BI-M (BII-M, BIII-M) nOe3.AHoe CHrHaJIbHOe peJIe C
YCTaHOBJIeHO THna EHIM-600.
B 1996 r. 6bIDa pa3pa60TaHa TeXHH:qecKail.AOKYMeHTal(HiI Ha 6JIOKH, H:3rOTOBJIeHbI onbITHbIe 06-
Pa3l(bI, npOBe.AeHbI npe.ABapH:TeJIbHbIe 3aBO.ACKHe HcnbITaHH:iI. Ha 3ace.AaHHH npHeMOqHOH KOMHC-
CIm 6billO npHIDlTo pemeHH:e 0 nOCTaHOBKe Ha npOH:3BO.ACTBO 6JIOKOB,Z:(IDI rpynnoBbIx peJIe OTMeHbI
Orl-M H crpeJIOqHOrO KOMMYTaUHoHHoro 6JIOKa C-M.l1cnbITaHH:iI HOBbIX MO.AepHH3HpoBaHHbIX
6JIOKOB CHCTeMbI EMPQ-EH, BbmycKaeMbIx co BToporo nOJIyro.AHill997 r., npOBO.AH:JIHCb Ha
OKTil6pbCKOH )l{eJIe3HOH .Aopore. CTOHMOCTb MO.AepHH3HpoBaHHbIx 6JIOKOB npHMepHo Ha 20-
30 % MeHbme CTOHMOCTH 6JIOKOB C npHMeHeHHeM peJIe THna HM.
2.2. CucTeMa ...eHTpaJIU3a...uu «,lJ,uaJIor-Q»
B 2003-2004 rr. peJIeHHO-npOl(eCCOpHail CHCTeMa l(eHTpaJIH3al(HH CTpeJIOK H CBeTO-
<pOpOB «)J:HaJIOr-Q» C.AaHa B nOCTOilHHYIO 3KCnJIyaTal(HIO Ha Tpex CTaHl(HilX KpacHoilpc-
KOH )l{eJIe3HOH .AOpOrH H BOmJIa B COCTaB MHoroYPoBHeBoH CHCTeMbI ynpaBJIeHHiI H 06ec-
neqeHHiI 6e30nacHocTH .ABH)I{eHHiI nOe3,lIOB.
PeJIemlO-npol(eccopHail l(eHTpaJIH3al..{IDl (pnQ) <<.D:HaJIOr-Q» npe)J;CTaBJUleT C060H KOMIUIeKC MHK-
ponpOl(eccopHbIX H: peJIeHHbIX ycrpoHCTB, KOTOpbIH 06ecneqHBaeT YCTaHoBKY, 3aMbIKaHHe H pa3-
64

MbIKaHHe MapmpYTOB H ynpaBJIeHHe .lIPyrHMH 06'beKTaMH Cl{E, CBSl3H H 3HeprocHa6:>KeHHSI npH
c06mO.lleHHH Tpe60BaHHM 6e30nacHOCTH .ABH:>KeHHSI nOe3.l10B. B 3TOM CHCTeMe peaJIH3al{IDI He06xo-
.lIHMbIX B3aHM03aBHcHMoCTeM ocyrn;eCTBJISleTCSI MHKponpol.\eCCopHbIMH YCTpoMCTBaMH (nporpaMM-
HO) H peJIeMHbIMH cxeMaMH (annapaTHo), nOCTpoeHHbIMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C npHHSlTbIMH npHHl.\H-
naMH nOCTpoeHHSI B cyrn;eCTBYIOrn;UX CHCTeMax 3l{.
CHCTeMa PTIl{ «,D,HaJIOr-l{» peaJIH3yeT MapmpYTHbIM pe:>KHM ynpaBJIeHHSI CTpeJIKaMH H CBe-
To<popaMH Ha CTaHl.\HH 6e3 HCnOJIb30BaHHSI peJIeMHOM Ha60pHoM rpynnbI, 06eCneqHBaeT pe-
>KHM TeJIeynpaBJIeHHSI C CoCe.AHeM CTaHl.\HH, BbIIIOJIHSleT <PYHKl.\HH JIHHeMHOro nYHKTa .AHCneT-
qepCKOM l.\eHTpaJIH3al.\HH (,D,l{) 6e3 npHMeHeHHSI .AonOJIHHTeJIbHbIX YCTpoiicTB H cxeM YBSl3KH,
3aMeIDIeT nYJIbT-Ta6JIo Ha APM ,D,CTI.
TeXHHqecKoe 3a.AaHHe, PYKOBO.ACTBO no 3KcIljIyaTal.\HH, TeXHOJIOrHSI 06CJI)'>KHBaHHSI, nporpaM-
MbI H MeTO):{HKH npHeMOqHbIX HcnbITaHHM nO.llCHc'TeMbI JIOrHqecKoro 06HapY:>KeHHSI HeCOOTBeTCTBHSI
3aBHcHMoCTeM YCTPOMCTB 3l{ H aBT06JIOKHPOBKH, a TaK:>Ke HHCTpYKl\HSI no 3aMeHe nporpaMMHoro
06ecneqeHHSI H TeXHHqeCKHe pemeHHSI no YBSl3Ke C YCTpoMcTBaMH 3l{ YTBep)l{')J;eHbI ,D,enapTaMeH-
TOM aBTOMaTHKH H TeJIeMeXaHHKH OAO «P'}I()J;».
CHCTeMa <<,[.(HaJIOr- l{» npe.ACTaBJISleT C060M MHKponpol.\eccopH)'IO CHCTeM)', 3aMeIDIIOrn:y1O rryJIb T-
MaHHnYJISlTOp H BbIHOCHoe Ta6JIo (MJm nYJIbT-Ta6JIo) 3l{ H peaJIH3YIOlI.{YIO B nOJIHOM 06'beMe <P)'HK-
l.\HH cxeM peJIe Ha60pHoM rpynnbI MapmpYTHo-peJIeMHOM l.\eHTpaJIH3al.\HH H HeKOTopbIe <PYHKl.\HH
HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX peJIeMHbIX cxeM. 3TO n03BOJISleT n03TanHO peKoHCTpYHpoBaTb BbIpa60TaBmHe
CBOM pecypc peJIeMHbIe CHCTeMbI 3l{.
B CJIyqae nOJIHOM peKOHCTpYKl.\HH peJIellIbIX CHCTeM 3l{ MO.AepHH3al.\HSI MO:>KeT BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI B
TpH 3Tana:
1 3man - cxeMbI Ha60pHoM rpynnbI H nYJIbT-Ta6JIo 3aMeHSlIOTCSI YCTpoMCTBaMH CHCTeMbI <<,[.(H-
aJIor-l{» (npH 3TOM oCB060>K.IJ:aeTCSI MeCTO, 3aHHMaeMoe KO.llOBbIMH peJIe Ha60pHoM rpynnbI);
2 3man - Ha oCB060.AHBmHXCSI nJIorn;a.ASlX BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI MOHTa:>K HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX cxeM yn-
paBJIeHHSI H KOHTpOJISI CTaHl.\HOHHbIMH 06'beKTaMH C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM annapaTypbl CHCTeMbI «,D,H-
aJIor-l{»;
3 3man - Be.lleTCSI.lIeMOHTa:>K Tex HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX peJIeMHbIX cxeM, <PYHKl.\HH KOTOpbIX Y:>Ke
nepeIIIJIH K CHCTeMe «,D,HaJIOr-l{».
TIpH MO.AepHH3al.\HH YCTapeBIIIHX CHCTeM 3l{ C He6JIoqHbIM MOHTa>KOM B03MO:>KHO 3HaqHTeJIbHOe
ynpOlI.{eHHe cxeM HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOM qaCTH. B 3TOM CJIyqae OCTaBJISlIOTCSI TOJIbKO peJIe HenoCpe.ll-
CTBeHHoro ynpaBJIeHHSI HanOJIbHbIMH 06'beKTaMH H KOHTpOJISI HX COCTOSlHHSI: nyme6ble pelle .lIJISI
peJIbCOBbIX l.\eneM; nYCK06ble H KOlimpOllblible pelle .lIJISI CTpeJIOK; CU2liallblibie H 02lie6ble pelle .AJISI
cBeTo<popoB; KOlimpOllbliO-MapUlpymlible, 3QMblKalOUjue pelle YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO MapmpYTa H .Ap.
HH<popMal.\HOHHOe, MaTeMaTHqeCKOe H nporpaMMHoe 06eCneqeHHe CHCTeMbI «,D,HaJIOr-
l{» CO.llep:>KHT .lIaHHbIe 0 nYTeBOM pa3BHTHH CTaHl.\HH, aJIrOpHTMbI H nporpaMMbI, peaJIH3Y-
IOlI.{He <PYHKl.\HH CHCTeMbI 3l{. HH<popMal.\HOHHOe 06eCneqeHHe BKJIlOqaeT B ce6S1 MaCCHBbI
nOCTOSlHHOM H onepaTHBHoM HH<popMauHH H nOCTpoeHO Ha OCHOBe <ppeMMoBoro onHcaHHSI
CTaHl.\HOHHbIX YCTPOMCTB. <DpeMM CTaHl.\HOHHOro 06'beKTa (<DCO) npe.ACTaBJISleT C060M He-
KOTOPYIO 6a3Y .lIaHHbIX C npH3HaKaMH KOHKpeTHoro 06'beKTa: CTpeJIKH, nOe3.AHOrO HJIH Ma-
HeBpOBoro cBeTo<popa, yqaCTKa nYTH, CTpeJIOqHOM CeKl.\HH H .Ap. MaTeMaTHqeCKOe 06ecne-
qeHHe, KOTopoe BKJIlOqaeT B ce6S1 TeXHHqeCKHe aJIrOpHTMbI H npOl.\e.AypbI, He 3aBHCHT OT
nYTeBoro pa3BHTHSI CTaHl.\HH. TIpHBSl3Ka MaTeMaTHqeCKOrO 06eCneqeHHSI K KOHKpeTHOM CTaH-
l.\HH 3aKJIIOqaeTCSI B HaCTpOMKe HH<pOpMal.\HOHHOro 06eCneqeHHSI CHCTeMbI (3a.AaHHe onpe-
.AeJIeHHOM B3aHMOCBSl3H Bcex <DCO Ha 3TOM CTaHl.\HH). TaKHM 06pa30M, MaTeMaTHqeCKOe
06eCneqeHHe CHCTeMbI «,D,HaJIOr-l{» He Tpe6yeT ero pa3.l1eJIeHHSI Ha OT.AeJIbHbIe nO.Anpor-
paMMbI .lIJISI peIIIeHHSI JIOKaJIbHbIX 3a.AaQ ynpaBJIeHHSI H KOHTpOJISI COCTOSlHHSI OT.AeJIbHbIX
3JIeMeHTOB CTaHl.\HH, 06eCneQHBaSl TeM caMbIM BbICOKHM ypOBeHb YHH<pHKaUHH H COKpa-
rn;aSl CpOKH npoeKTHpOBaHHSI BceM CHCTeMbI 3l{. Ee30nacHocTb nporpaMMHbIX Cpe.ACTB CH-
CTeMbI PTIl{ 06eCneQHBaeTCSI JIOrHQeCKHM KOHTpOJIeM H HCnOJIb30BaHHeM .AHBepCHTeTHbIX
nporpaMM H aJIrOpHTMOB.
5 11. 11. POrS'IeB3
65

YCTpOHCTBa peJIeHHO-npoeccopHOH eHTpamnaHH <<,l],uaJIor-IJ,» peaJIH3YIOT CJIe.AYIOIUHe
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- ynpa6JleliUe CTpeJIKaMH H CBeTo<popaMH H .ApyrHMH YCTpoHcTBaMH CUE, B TOM qHCJIe H Ha-
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- nepeoalJa CTpeJIOK H nYTeH CTaHHH Ha MeCTHoe ynpaBJIeHHe;
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no KJIlOqy-)I{e3JIY C B03BpaIUeHHeM 06paTHo);
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yqaCTOK (BKJIlOqaR Hera6apHTHbIH), HJIH OTKpbITHe MaHeBpoBoro cBeTo<popa, eCJIH B Maprnpy-
Te HMeeTCR 3aHRTaR CTpeJIOqHaR ceKHR;
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CTBeHHOH pa3.AeJIKe ceKHH MaprnpYTa;
66

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B MaprnpYT, RJIlI oxpaHHOH crpenKH, a TaK)I(e npH 3aHHTHH nlO60ro rryreBoro Y1:IaCTKa, BXO,WIIUerO B
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76

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5 QeccopHoro KOMnneKTa; 6 - ceMHcerMeHTHbIH HHHKaTop, oT06pa-
)!(aIOII.{HH COCTOflHHe BToporo npoQeccopHoro KOMnneKTa; 7-
HHHKaTop nepeaqH aHHbIX no TpeTbeMY nopTY (RS-485); 8-
HHHKaTOp nepeaqH aHHbIX no nepBOMY nopTY (RS-232); 9-
6 HHHKaTOp nepeaqH aHHbIX no BTOPOMY nopTY (RS-232); 10-
HHHKaTop npHeMa aHHbIX no TpeTbeMY nopTY (RS-485); 11 - HH-
13 HKaTop npHeMa .D:aHHbIX no nepBoMY nopTY (RS-232); 12 - HHH-
KaTOp npHeMa aHHbIX no BTOPOMY nopTY (R3-232); 13 - rHe30
JIfl oCYlI.{eCTBneHHfl nepe3arpY3KH EM -1602; 14 - rHe30 nfl oCY-
14 lI.{eCTBneHHfl CMeHbI pe)!(HMa pa60TbI nepBoro H BToporo npoQec-
COpHbIX KOMnneKTOB EM-1602 C ynpaBnfllOlI.{erO Ha 3TanoHHbIH H
8 Ha060poT; 15 - rHe30 nfl OCYlI.{eCTBneHHfl nepe3arpY3KH EM -1602
15 H CMeHbI pe>KHMOB pa60TbI npoQeccopHbIX KOMnneKTOB; 16 - pa3'beM
nfl nOKnlOqeHHfl YCTPOHCTB K nepBoMY nopTY; 17 - pa3'beM nfl
9 7 nOKnlOqeHHfl YCTPOHCTB KO BTOPOMY nopTY; 18 - pa3'beM nfl
nOKnlOqeHHfl YCTPOHCTB TpeTbeMY nopTY.
12
a K 6e30nacHbIM BbIXO.AaM - peJIe THna HMllI IIJIH P3fl C
conpOTHBJIeHlIeM 06MOTKH He MeHee 1440 OM C pa60QllM
Hanp5DKeHlIeM 24 B.
16 Ee30nacHa51 ManIllHa EM -1602 pa3Mern:aeTC5I B peJIeHHOM
nOMern:eHIIH: B THnOBOM IllKa<Py THna «EBpoMeXaHHKa», r.n:e
MO:>KeT YCTaHaBJIHBaTbc5IlI.n:pyroe 060py.n:oBaHHe (IiCTOqHIIKH
6ecnepe60H:HOrO nHTaHII5I, BeHTIUI5ITOpbI H .n:p.); JIH60 Ha nOJI-
Ke peJIeH:HOrO CTaTHBa IUIH Ha cneQHaJIbHOH: nOJIKe Ha pacCTo-
51HHH 60JIee 3 M OT MOrn:HbIX IICTOqHHKOB 3JIeKTpOMarHlITHbIX
17 nOMex (HanpHMep, 3JIeKTpOnIlTaIOrn:eH: YCTaHoBKH).
Coe.n:HHeHHe pa3'beMOB Mo.n:YJIeH: EM -1602 C JIOKaJIbHOH:
ceTbIO, JIHHH5IMH CB5I3H, 06'beKTaMIi KOHTpOJI5I H ynpaBJIeHII5I
ocymeCTBJI5IeTC5I :>KrYTaMH C npoBo.n:aMH CeqeHHeM 0,35 MM 2 .
0 TIO)U<JIIOQeHHe IIHTaHIDI K MO.n)'IDIM npOll3BO):{HTC5I HecKOJIbKH:-
MIl npOBo.n:aMH ceqeHHeM 0,35 MM 2 Ha Ka:>K.l1:bIH: BbIBO.n: nllTa-
18 HII5I pa3'beMa HJIIi rrpOBO.AOM ceqeHHeM 0,75 MM 2 Ha COOTBeT-
CTBYIOII{He BbIBO):{bI IIHTaHIDI pa3'beMa.
EJIOK nHTaHH5I EM -1602 no.n:KJIIOqaeTC5I K CTaHQHOHHOH:
6aTapee Hanp5l:>KeHHeM 24 B nOCT05lHHOrO TOKa Qepe3 OT-
0 .n:eJIbHbIH: npe.n:oxpaHHTeJIb. TIHTaHHe BeHTIIJI5IQHOHHoro
YCTpOH:CTBa ocymeCTBJI5IeTC5I OT ceTH nepeMeHHoro TOKa
)J;IlAJIOr 220 B TaK:>Ke Qepe3 npe.AOXpaHHTeJIH. Kopnyc EM-1602 3a-
3eMJI5IeTC5I Qepe3 p03eTKY nHTaHH5I BeHTHJI5ITOpOB. 3anpe-
maeTC5I YCTaHoBKa npe.n:oxpaHHTeJIeH: B MHHYCOBbIX Qen5lx
nHTaHH5I Mo.n:YJIeH:.
BbIBO.AbI KO--K4 pa3'beMOB HHTep<peH:CHbIX MO.n)'JIeH: BceX
TIinOB npe.AHa3HaQeHbI )])151 3a,n:aHH5I a,n:peca MeCTa YCTaHoBKII
78

Mo.n:yml H KOH'rpOJISI no.n:I<JUOLIeHlUl BHelilHero pa3'beMa XS K MO.n:yJIIO. ).:(mJ 3a,JJ:aHIDI a,JJ:peca HHTep-
cPeMCHOMY MO.n:yJIIO He06xo.n:HMO YCTaHOBHTb nepeMbILIKH Ha BHelilHeM pa3'beMe B COOTBeTCTBHH C
npoeKTOM.
EJIOKH .n:Ho.n:HbIe KOMMYTaUHOHHbIe (E)J.K) H 6JIOKH peJIeMHbIe .n:1I0.n:HbIe KOMMYTaUHOHHbIe
(EP)J.K) npe.n:Ha3HaLIeHbI.n:JISI HCKJIIOLIeHIISi 06XO.n:HbIX :meKTpHLIeCKHX ueneM B cxeMax KOHTpO-
JISI COCTOSlHHSI 06'beKTOB.
KOMMYTaUHOHHbIe 6JIOKli E)J.K H E)J.K-2 HMelOT 32 CHrHaJIbHbIX Bxo.n:a H 16 BbIXO.n:OB. CHr-
HaJIbHbIe BXO.n:bI no.n:coe.n:HHSlIOTCSI K «CYXIIM» (cB060.n:HbIM) KOHTaKTaM peJIe KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx
06'beKToB. BbIXO.n:bI 6JIOKOB E)J.K H E)J.K-2 06BSl3bIBalOTcSI Me:>K.n:y C060M H no.n:KJIIOLIaIOTCSI K
MO.n:YJIIO Bx. KOHCTPYKUHSI H ra6apHTbI 6JIOKOB E)J.K II E)J.K-2 n03BOJISIIOT HX KpenHTb Ha MeCTO
peJIe THna HMlll. Pa3'beMbI .n:JISI nO.AKJIIOLIeHHSI 6JIOKa E)J.K YCTaHOBJIeHbI Ha ero JIHueBOM CTO-
pOHe. Pa3'beMbI.n:JISI no.n:KJIIOLIeHHSI 6JIOKa E.IJ:K-2 YCTaHOBJIeHbI Ha TaKOM:>Ke llITenCeJIbHOM KO-
JIo.n:Ke, a caM 6JIOK E.IJ:K-2 BCTaBJISleTCSI B aHaJIOrHLIHYIO KOJIO.n:KY.
TIpH OTCYTCTBHH «CYXHX» KOHTaKTOB .AJISI KOHTpOJISI COCTOSlHHSI 06'beKTOB HCnOJIb3YeTCSI 6JIOK
E)J.PK HJIH YCTaHaBJIHBalOTCSI peJIe-nOBTOpHTeJIH. EJIOK E)J.PK HMeeT 32 CHrHaJIbHbIX BXO.Aa,
4 Bxo.n:a TOKOBOM neTJIH II 16 BbIXO.n:OB. B 6JIOK no.n:aeTCSI nHTaHHe eTIE, CME, CX. CHrHaJIb-
HbIe BX0.AbI MorYT no.n:coe.n:HHSlTbCSI K «CYXHM» KOHTaKTaM peJIe KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 06'beKTOB,
JIH60 no.n:KJIIOLIaTbCSI napaJIJIeJIbHO K 06MOTKaM peJIe, nOJIYLIalOII{HX nHTaHlie nOCTOSlHHbIM HJIH
nepeMeHHbIM TOKOM. BHYTPH 6JIOKa CMOHTHpOBaHbI peJIe-nOBTOpHTeJIH, cPHKCHPYIOII{He nocTyn-
JIeHHe BHelilHero CHrHaJIa. Ha Ka:>K,J:J;bIM cPPOHTOBOM HJIH TbIJIOBOM KOHTaKT B 6JIOKe E.IJ:PK YCTa-
HOBJIeH nOBTOpHTeJIb. KOHTpOJIb COCTOSlHHSI peJIe-nOBTOpHTeJIeM OCYII{eCTBJISleTCSI no cPPOHTO-
BOMY H TbIJIOBOMY KOHTaKTaM 3THX peJIe.
PeaJIH3aUHSI OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaH,A TY OCYII{eCTBJISleTCSI C C06JIIO.n:eHHeM 6e30naCHOCTH .ABH:>Ke-
HHSI noe3.n:OB, T.e. C IICKJIIOLIeHHeM B03.n:eMCTBIiSi Ha 06'beKTbI ynpaBJISlIOII{HX CHrHaJIOB B CJIyqae OTKa-
30B TeXHHLIeCKHX cpe.n:CTB. 3aII{IITa OT nOSlBJIeHIDI He06HapY:>KeHHbIX OTKa30B B EM -1602 06ecneLIH-
BaeTCSI HaJIHLIHeM .ABYX H.LJ:eHTHLIHbIX KOMIIJIeKTOB, pa60TalOII{HX CHHXpOHHO OT O.AHOrO reHepaTopa
TaKTOBbIX IIMrryJIbCOB C 06II{l1MH uellSlMH CHHXpoHH3aUHH, nepBOHaLIaJIbHOrO 3anYCKa H nOBTopHoro
nepe3anycKa. B Ka)l()J,OM KOMIIJIeKTe MHKp03BM ClirHaJIbI co BceX BbIXO.AOB H IllIlHbI.n:aHHbIX nocry-
nalOT Ha cxeMY BCTpoeHHoro KOHTpOJISl, KOTopaSi cPopMJIPYeT 06nuill: KOHTpOJIbHbIM CHman.
TIpOeKTHpOBaHHe cxeM }'BSl3KH: MHKp03BM B cHcreMe <<.D.Hanor-D» co craHl.{HOHHbIMH cHcreMaMH
aBTOMaTHKH 3aKJIIOLIaeTCSI B onpe.n:eJIeHHH KOJIWlecrBa pa3JIIILIHbIX TIIIIOB HHTepcPeMcHbIx Mo.n:YJIeM,
MeCT HX YCTaHoBKH B KOprryce MlIKp03BM H pa3pa60TKe cxeM no.n:KJIIOLIeHIDI HX BHeIIIHHX ueneM K
06'beK'IaM KOHTpOJISI H yrrpaBJIeHIDI.
qHCJIO BbIXO.n:HbIX Mo.n:YJIeM onpe.AeJISleTCSI KOJIHLIeCTBOM ynpaBJISIeMbIX 06'beKTOB, a LIHCJIO
BXO.n:HbIX Mo.n:YJIeM H Mo.n:YJIeM TOKOBbIX BbIXOn:OB - KOJIHLIeCTBOM KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 06'beKTOB
(KoMaH.n: TeJIeCHrHaJIH3aUHH TC H TeJIeH3MepeHHSI Tll.AaHHoM cTaHUHH). B 6e30nacHoM MHK-
p03BM .AOnOJIHHTeJIbHO oCYII{eCTBJISleTCSI JIOrHLIeCKHM KOHTpOJIb ynpaBJISlIOII{eM HHcPopMaUHH
(c TOLIKH 3peHHSI 6e30nacHoH peaJIH3aUHH KOMaH.A), a TaK:>Ke BblIIOJIHeHHe cPYHKUHH 3aMbIKa-
HHSI H pa3MbIKaHHSI MapIllpYToB. 3aII{HTa OT nOSlBJIeHHSI onaCHbIX OTKa30B B MHKp03BM 06ec-
neLIHBaeTCSI ee .AByxKOMnJIeKTHOM CTPYKTYPOM, cxeMaMH BCTpoeHHoro KOHTpOJISI H 6e30nacHo-
ro cpaBHeHHSI KOHTpOJIbHbIX CHrHaJIOB.
Y6R3Ka EM-1602 C 06'beKm1lMU ynpa6J1eHUR U KOHmpOJlR. <I>YHKUHH ynpaBJIeHIISi 06'beKTaMH BbI-
nOJIHSleT MO.n:yJIb BbIxo.n:a. Ka)l()J,bIM MO.n:yJIb HMeeT 24 BbIxo.n:a ynpaBJIeHIDI, LIeTbIpe lI3 KOTOpbIX
SlBJISlIOTCSI 6e30naCHbIMH H npe.AHa3HaLIeHbI )J)UI peanH3aIl,HJf OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaH,LI.. Bee BbIXOJ],bI
HMelOT raJIbBaHWIecK)'lO pa3BSl3K)' C BHeIIIHHMH uellSlMH. TIpHHUlin nOCTpoeHIISi o.n:Horo )'3JIa 06b1LI-
Horo H 6e30naCHOro BbIXO.n:OB nOKa3aH Ha pHC. 2.11. Clli'HaJIbI Ha BbIXO.n:ax yrrpaBJIeHIDI coxpaHSllOT-
CSI B TeqeHHe BpeMeHH, He06xo):{llMoro )J)UI peanH3aIl,HJf KOMaH.lU>I yrrpaBJIeHlUI. )J.rrHTeJIbHOCTb 3THX
CHrHaJIOB 3a,JJ:aeTCSI B npoueccopHbIX MO.n:yJISIX IIporpaMMHbIM rryreM, n03TOM)' IICKJIIOLIaeTCSI He06-
XO):{HMOCTb B uellSlx 6JIOKHpOBKH peJIe.
B03.n:eMcTBlie Ha 06'beKT ynpaBJIeHIISi (HcnOJIHHTeJIbHOe peJIe 3D) MO:>KeT OCYII{eCTBJISlTbCSI
KaK ':Iepe3 npOMe:>KYTOLIHoe ynpaBJISlIOII{ee peJIe, TaK H Henocpe.n:CTBeHHO C BbIxo.n:a ynpaB-
79

CME
B20 BbIX. 11 B cxeMY
Bblx. 1 B30 ynpaBneHHSI
I cTpenoK
I ce30HHoe B19 Bblx. 12
I ynpaBneHHe
I BI8 BbIX. 13
I
Bblx. 2 B29 B17 Bblx. 14 ,l],Of
BbIX.3 B28 BbIX. 15 4 1 CME
B16
,l],Hl ,l],3II
Bblx. 4 B27
,l],1I 1 CME
B15 BbIX. 16
Bblx.5 B26 B cxeMY
,l],111 ynpaBneHHSI
Bblx.6 B25 B14 BbIX. 17 nepee3JJ:oM
,l],M1
BbIX. 7 B24
,l],M2 B13 BbIX. 18
BbIX. 8 B23
B cxeMY
,l],HCH CMeHbI
BbIX. 9 B22 B12 BbIX. 9 HanpaB-
B neHHSI
CME
BbIX. 10 B21 Bll BbIX. 20
Bblx. ElM B10 A8 BbIX. 3E
BbIX. 1 E A10 B8 BbIX. E3M
BbIX. 2E A9 A7 Bblx. 4E
BbIX. E2M B9 B7 Bblx. E4M
cnE- Y B4 Al CME
CIIE- Y B3
CME
OCY
cnE 
B cxeMY
BKnIOqeHHSI
KHOnOqHbIX
pene
CME
B cxeMY I
HCKYCCTB. I
Pa3MbI-
KaHHSI I
I
I
I
\
Bce pene THna HM1Il2-4000
HnH HX aHMorH
PHC. 2.11. npHMep BHellIHHX 3neKTpHqeCKHX eneH Moynjj BbIXOOB EM-1602
JIeHH5I MO.n:YJI5I. TaK, B03.n:eMcTBHe Ha cxeMbI ynpaBJIeHH5I CTpeJIOI.JHbIMII 3JIeKTpOnpHBO.AaMI1
(CM. BbIXO.n:bI u:eneM 11-14 peJIe TIY, MY) oCYII.{eCTBJI5IeTC5I Henocpe.n:cTBeHHo OT MO.AYJI5I, a
.AJI5I peaJIH3aHH OTMeHbI H HCKyccTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHII5I MapillpYTa K MO.n:YJIIO no.n:KJIIOI.JeHbI
.AOnOJIHHTeJIbHbIe peJIe (BbIXO.n: 15 06II.{ero peJIe .IJ:Or II BbIXO.n:bI ElM-IE rpynnoBoro peJIe
.IJ:rI1P).
TIpH npoeKTHpoBaHHH cxeM BKJIIOI.JeHH5I HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX peJIe 3U, YI.JHTbIBaeTC5I, I.JTO yn-
paB1I5IIOII.{HM CHrHaJI C BbIXO.Aa MO.AYJI5I HMeeT rrOJIO:>KHTeJIbHYIO nOJI5IpHOCTb. BKJIIOI.JeHHe Bcex
peJIe oCYII.{eCTBJI5IeTC5I OT IllHHbI nHTaHH5I eTIE-Y. TI03TOMY, HanpHMep, .AJI5I BKJIIOI.JeHH5I HH.lIH-
BH.LJ:YaJIbHOrO peJIe HCKycCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHH5I, KOTopoe BKJIIOI.JaeTC5I B peJIeMHbIX 3U, l.Jepe3
80

KHonKY OT MHHYCOBOM IIHlHbI, Tpe6yeTC5I ynpaBJI5IIOII.{ee peJIe (BbIXO,n:bI 9, 10 - ,n:onOJIHHTeJIb-
HbIe peJIe pe:>KHMa HCKYCCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHH5I )];II1P II .D.2I1P). YnpaBJI5IIOII.J:He peJIe Tpe6y-
IOTC5I H Tor,n:a, Kor,n:a He06xo,n:HMO oCYII.{eCTBHTb o,n:HoBpeMeHHoe B03,n:eMcTBHe B HeCKOJIbKHX
MeCTax cxeM 3U,. )];JI5I peaJIlI3aUHH OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaH,n: K 6e30nacHbIM BbIxo,n:aM ,n:OJI:>KHbI
06513aTeJIbHO no,n:KJIIOqaTbC5I ynpaBJI5IIOII.J:He peJIe. BTopbIe BbIBO,n:bI 06MOTOK ynpaBJI5IIOII.{IIX peJIe
no,n:KJIIOqaIOT K 06II.{eM I1IHHe nHTaHlUI CME.
Ha pHC. 2.12 npHBe,n:eHbI OTn:eJIbHbIe THnOBbIe cxeMbI BKJIIOQeHH5I ynpaBJI5IIOII.J:HX peJIe. Ha-
npHMep, ynpaBJI5IIOII.J:ee peJIe Yl no,n:KJIIOQeHO Henocpe,n:cTBeHHo K MHKp03BM H BpeM51 HaXO:>K-
.AeHH5I no,n: TOKOM :noro peJIe 3a,n:aeTC5I nporpaMMHbIM nyreM. TaKoe BKJIIOQeHHe ynpaBJI5IIOII.{erO
peJIe BCTpeQaeTC5I HaH60JIee QaCTO npH YB5I3Ke EM-1602 C peJIeMHOM MapIlIpyrnoM ueHTpaJIH3a-
uHeM. BpeM5I ,n:eMcTBII5I yrrpaBJI5IIOII.{erO CHrHaJIa Ha BbIxo,n:e MO,n:YJI5I JUl5I cxeM C caM06JIOKHPOB-
KOM 3a):{aeTC5I nporpaMMHbIM nYTeM H onpe,n:eJI5IeTC5I MaKCHMaJIbHbIM BpeMeHeM cpa6aTbIBaHH5I
(oTnycKaHII5I 51KOp5l) cooTBeTCTBYIOII.{erO peJIe. YnpaBJI5IIOII.{ee peJIe Y2 HMeeT c06cTBeHHYIO uenb
6JIOKHPOBKH, a B uenH 6JIOKHpOBKH peJIe Y3 HCnOJIb30BaH KOHTaKT ynpaBJI5IIOII.{erO peJIe Y 4.
U,enb 6JIOKHpOBKH peJIe Y3 COXpaH5IeTC5I.AO cpa6aTbIBaHH5I peJIe Y4, T.e. n:o npHxo,n:a KOMa.H,1];bI
TeJIeynpaBJIeHII5I 0 BbIKJIIOQeHHH :noM uenH. YnpaBJI5IIOII.{ee peJIe YE no,n:KJIIOQeHO K 6e30nac-
HbIM BbIxo,n:aM IE H lEM. BbIBO,n:bI Bblx. IE H BbIX. lEM 51BJI5IIOTC5I 6e30nacHbIMH H IICnOJIb3Y-
IOTC5I JUl5I ynpaBJIeHH5I QeTbIpbM5I 06'beKTaMH, KOTopbIe peaJIH3YIOT OTBeTCTBeHHbIe KOMaH.LI;bI. I1x
MOHTa:>K .AOJI:>KeH npoH3Bo,n:HTbC5I BIiTbIMIi napaMH npoBo,n:oB OT,n:eJIbHO JUl5I Ka:>K,L:(OrO BbIXO.Aa C
nOJIHOM He3aBHCHMOCTbIO OT CTaHuHOHHbIX HCTOQHIIKOB nIiTaHII5I.
KOH'rpOJIb COCT05lHII5I 06'beKTOB oCYII.{eCTBJUleTC5I C nOMOII.U>IO Mo.n:yJIeM Bxo,n:a H Mo,n:YJIeM TOKO-
BblX BbIXO,n:OB. MO.n:yJIb Bxo,n:a IIMeeT 16 CIITHaJIbHbIX BXO,n:OB)J)UI KOH'rpOJI5I COCT05lHH5I ,n:HcKpeTHbIx
EM-1602
Moynb BbIXOOB
B30 BbIX. 1
Y1
4 1CME
B26 BbIX. 5
1
Y3 Y4
E
4 Y4 1 CME
B29 BbIX. 2
B25 BbIX. 6
BIO BbIX. 1EM
YE
1 4
AlO Bblx. IE
CIIE
3A CnE-Y
c:::::J
A4 CIIE- Y
Al CME
CIIE- Y
CME
PHC. 2.12. CxeMa BKnIOqeHHfl ynpaBnfllOlI.{HX pene
6 11. 11. POraQeB8
81

(peneHHbIX) 06'beKTOB. KOHTaKTbI pene KOHTponSi COCTOSlHIiSi 06'beKTOB c06lipalOTcSI B KOHTaKTHbIe
rpynnbI rK, Ka)I{):{aSi H3 KOTOpbIX IiMeeT O,n:HH BXO,n: (Coe,n:HIDIeTCSI C O,n:HIiM H3 BbIXO,n:OB Mo.n:ynSi TO-
KOBbIX BbIXO,n:OB Tn) 1i,n:0 16 HH<P0PMaI.J:IiOHHbIX BbIXO,n:OB. IT pHMep nOCTpoeHHSI KOHTaKTHoH rpyrr-
nbI IrK nOKa3aH Ha pliC. 2.13.
MO.D.ynb TOKOBbIX
BbIXO.D.0B EM-1602
2
1fK
MO.D.ynb BXO.D.OB
EM-1602
XS2DB-25 Bx.1
Bx.2
1 Bx.3
Bx.1 Bx.4
2 Bx.2 Bx.5
15 Bx.6
Bx.15 Bx.7
16 Bx.16 E,l],K1 Bx.8
Bx.9
1 Bx.17 XS1 Bx.lO
2 Bx.18 B-37 Bx.11
Bx.12
15 Bx.31 Bx.13
16 Bx.32 BX.14
BX.15
Bx.16
XS3DB-25
TIIl
TII2
2fK
MO.D.YJIb
BbIXO.D.OB
1fK
r-------------------------------...
. K .D.PYrHM
= E,l],K
(..)CII
TIIl
ID2
TII3
K PYrHM
KOHTaKTHbIM
0603HaqeHHH:
fK - rpynna KOHTaKTHaSI;
E)J;K - 6noK .D.HO.D.HbIH
KOMMyTaQHOHHbIH
TII32 ____. rpynnaM
IIpHMep
KOHTaKTHOH rpynnbI

r- i
(..)C
I
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I

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I
I
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11..-------------------------------.1
PHC. 2.13. CTPYKTYPHafl cxeMa YBfl3KH EM-1602 C 061>eKTaMH KOHTponfl
82

B KOHTaKTHbIX rpyrrrrax B03MO:>KHO nocne.n;OBaTenbHoe HnlI napannenbHoe BKnIOqeHlIe KOH-
TaKTOB pene. 06pa30BaHIIe nOrlIqeCKIIX eneH 1I3 peneHHbIX KOHTaKTOB .n;enaTb He 06H3aTenb-
HO, TaK KaK TaKlIe <PYHKIIII BbIIIonHHIOTCH nporpaMMHbIM nYTeM no COCTOHHIIIO KOHTaKTOB
KOHTponlIpyeMblx pene. IT03TOMY B KOHTaKTHble rpynnbI BKnlOqalOT TonbKO KOHTaKTbI Tex pene,
KOTopble HBnHIOTCH .n;aTqIIKaMH IICXO.n;HOH IIH<popMa1I1I llnlI nplI OTCyrCTBlI1I CB060.n;HbIX KOH-
TaKTOB IIX nOBToplITeneH.
,Z:J;nH IICKnlOqeHIIH 06XO.n;HbIX eneH B cxeMe BKnlOqeHIIH KOHTaKTHbIX rpynn IIcnonb3YlOTCH
,/:{HO.n;bI, KOTopble pacnonaralOTCH B CIIelIanbHbIX KOHeHTpaTopax IIH<popMawm THIIa E,Z:J;K (6nOK
,/:{HO.n;HbIH KOMMyraIIOHHbIH). KOnlIqeCTBO H MeCTa YCTaHOBKII 6nOKOB E,Z:J;K onpe.n;enHIOTCH
nplI npoeKTlIpOBaHIIII.
YBH3Ka OCHOBHoro II pe3epBHoro KOMnneKTOB YCTPOHCTB «,Z:J;lIanor-IJ» C annapaTypOH CIIC-
TeMbI MAJIC BbIIIonHeHa Ha OCHOBe CTaH,LJ;apTHbIX pemeHIIH. ITplI 3TOM 06eCneqlIBaeTCH: BBO.n;
KOMaH,LJ; .AnH CIICTeMbI MAJIC C APM ,Z:J;CIT; oT06pa:>KeHlIe Ha APM ,Z:J;CIT IIH<popMa1I1I 0 pa60-
Te YCTPOHCTB MAJIC II nepe.n;BII:>KeHIIH nOKOMOTIIBOB; Be.n;eHlIe npOTOKona pa60TbI Bcex YCT-
pOHCTB; npe.n;YCMOTpeHa B03MO:>KHOCTb npOCMOTpa npOTOKona pa60TbI YCTPOHCTB Ha pe3epB-
HOM KOMnneKTe APM ,Z:J;CIT 6e3 nepepbIBa pa60TbI OCHOBHbIX YCTPOHCTB.
B ycrpOHCTBa MAJIC nepe.n;aeTCH IIH<popMaH 0 COCTOHHIIII nYTeBbIX II CTpenOqHbIX nYTeBbIX,
CTpenOqHbIX KOHTponbHbIX, 3aMbIKalOIIX, ClIrHanbHbIX II .n;PyrlIx pene. 3Ta :>Ke IIH<popMaIIH no-
crynaeT B APM IIlH.
06MeH IIH<popMalIeH Me)l{):{Y APM ,Z:J;CIT II EM -1602 Be.n;eTCH no .ABYM .AByxnpoBo.n;HbIM nlIHHHM
CBH31I (OCHOBHOH II pe3epBHoH). ITplI 3TOM HKn onpoca COCTOHHIIH 06'beKTOB KOHTponH mIll BpeMH
06HoBneHIIH IIH<popMa1I1I He npeBblmaeT 0,5 c. I1cnpaBHoCTb nlIHIIH CBH31I HenpepbIBHO KOHTpO-
nlIpyeTcH B YCTpoHcTBax APM ,Z:J;CIT II EM1602. ITplI IIX HelIcnpaBHOCTII npOlIcxo.n;IIT aBTOMaTII-
qeCKOe nepeKnlOqeHlIe Ha pe3epBHYIO nlIHlI10 C BbIJJ:aqeH COOTBeTCTBYIOero ClIrHana Ha APMbI
,Z:J;CIT II IIlH. 06MeH IIH<popMalIeH Be.n;eTCH no CTaH.l1:apTHOMY npoToKony.
HopManbHo ,Z:J;CIT CTaHH pa60TaeT Ha OCHOBHOM KOMlUIeKTe arrnapaT)'pbI APM ,Z:J;CIT B pe:>KHMe
ynpaBneHHH C Be.AeHlIeM npOTOKona ClIrHanOB TY II TC II .n;eHCTBIIH ,Z:J;CIT. Pe3epBHbIH KOMlUIeKT nplI
3TOM pa60TaeT B pe:>KHMe KOHTponH. Ha em MOillITOpe COXpaIDIeTCH lIH<popMaIDI 0 pa60Te CTaHHH II
Be.n;eTCH npOTOKon ClIrHanOB TC. O.n;HoBpeMeHHaH pa60Ta OCHOBHoro II pe3epBHoro KOMlUIeKTOB B
pe:>KH:Me ynpaBneHHH IICKnlOqaeTCH. ITepexo.n; Ha yrrpaBneHHe OT pe3epBHoro KOMlUIeKTa npolIcxo.n;HT
nplI OTKa3e HJIH nplI TeXHWlecKoM o6cny:>KHBaHIIH arrrrapaT)'pbI OCHOBHoro KOMlUIeKTa.
CIICTeMa «,Z:J;uanor-IJ» 06ecneqlIBaeT MapmpYTHoe II 1IH,LJ:IIBHJJ:yanbHoe yrrpaBneHlIe crpenKaMII
II cBeTo<popaMII, YCTaHOBneHlIe aBTo.n;eHcTBIDI.AnH nponYCKa noe3.n;OB no rnaBHbIM nYTHM CTaHHII,
nepexo.n; Ha MeCTHoe yrrpaBneHlIe. KpoMe 3Toro, B03MO:>KHO BbIIIonHeHlIe OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaH,LJ::
npHMoe ynpaBneHlIe CTpenKaMII nplI nO:>KHOH 3aHHTOCTII crpenOqHOrO yqaCTKa, BKnlOqeHlIe nplI-
rnaCIITenbHblX ClIrHanOB Ha cBeTo<popax, IICK)'CCTBeHHoe pa3MbIKaHIIe crpenOqHbIX II nYTeBbIX ceK-
IIH, BcnOMoraTenbHaH CMeHa HanpaBneHIDI.n;BII:>KeHIIH noe3.n;OB Ha neperOHax. 3TII onepaHH BbI-
nonHHIOTCH peneHHbIMII cxeMaMII 3IJ: 6e3 yqaCTIDI YCTPOHCTB <<)J;lIanor-IJ:», HO KOHTponb II npOTO-
KonlIpOBaHlIe IIX peanlI3aHII B APM ,Z:J;CIT II APM IIlH coxpaHHIOTCH.
KpoMe Tpa,n;HIIOHHbIX <PYHKHH CHCTeM 3IJ:, APM ,Z:J;CIT BbIIIonIDIeT npeJJ:BapHTenbHYIO npo-
BepKY Ha6paHHblx MapmpYTOB II .n;pyrHX BBO):{HMbIX KOMaH,LJ: Ha B03MO:>KHOCTh HX peanlI3aHH II
OTcyrCTBlIe Bpa)K)Ie6HOCTH, a TaK:>Ke KOHTponb MeCTOHaXO)l{):{eHIDI nOKOMOTHBa (B pe:>KHMe pa60TbI
C CIICTeMOH MAJI C), OTMeH)' II IICnpaBneHHe omH60qHO Ha6paHHblx KOMaH,A, 3anUiTY OT HeCaHKIJ;H-
OHlIpOBaHHoro .n;ocryna K annaparype, Bbl,[(aqy Ha neqaTb He06xo.n;HMbIX .n;OK)'MeHTOB, OT'-leTOB II
cnpaBOK.
,Z:J;mI 06ecneqeHIDI pa60TbI CIICTeMbI MAJIC B APM ,Z:J;CIT npeJJ:)'CMOTpeHbI: oT06pa)l(eHIIe IIH-
<PoPMaIWII 0 pa60Te nOKOMOTHBa; BBO.n; Koop.n;HHaTbI em nOnO:>KeHIIH; no.n;TBep)l{):{eHHe YCTaHOBne-
HIDI CBH31I C HHM; BBO.n;, oT06pa)l(eHHe II OTMeHa KOMaH,A 0 Haqane II OKOHqaHHH pa60TbI 6plIra,n; Ha
rryrHX CTaHH; 0 BpeMeHHbIX orpaHHqeHIDIX CKOpOCTH JJ:BII)I(eHHH nOe3.AOB Ha rryrHX CTaHHH, Ha-
nHqHH II MeCTe YCTaHOBKII TOpM03HbIX 6a1lIMaKoB, 0 pacnOnO:>KeHHII II KOnlIqeCTBe BarOHOB Ha CTaH-
HH.
6.
83

OICTeMa <<,[(HaJIOr-IJ:» 06eCneqlIBaeT pa60TY B OCHOBHbIX (llITaTHbIX) II B aBaplIMHbIX pe)I(JI-
MaX. K OCHOBHbIM pe:>KHMaM OTHOCHTCH: MapUlpymHblu (MP), nplI KOTOpOM OcyIl{ecTBJIHeTCH YCTa-
HOBKa Ka)l{)J;Oro MaprnpYTa no KOMaH,AaM )J:CI1, CO.Aep:>KaIl{lIM YCJIOBHbIe a..n;peca HaqaJIa II KOHIa
MaprnpYTa, HOMepa nYTH HJIII CBeTocpopa, OrpaHlIqlIBalOIl{erO MaprnpYT; UHoueUOYaJlbHblU (11<1»,
nplI KOTOpOM oCYIl{eCTBJUIeTCH ynpaBJIeHHe no KOMaH,AaM )J:CIT OT,n:eJIbHO Ka)l{)J;bIM CTaHl{IIOHHbIM
06'beKTOM (CBeTOcpOpOM, CTpeJIKOM, nepee3,n:OM II ,n:p.); 06eCneqeHIIe B03MO:>KHOCTII nepexo,n:a Ha
aBTo,n:eMCTBlIe (MH nponYCKa nOe3.AOB no rJIaBHbIM HJill Cnel{lIaJIbHO BbI,LJ:eJIeHHbIM ,lLJIH :nOM l{eJIH
rryrHM CTaHl{1I1I C 3aBIICIIMOCTHMII, aHaJIOrlIqHbIMH npIIHHTbIMII,lLJIH .ABIDKeHIIH Ha neperOHax) II
MeCTHoro ynpaBJIeHIIH crpeJIKaMII II CBeTocpopaMII B BbI,LJ:eJIeHHbIX paMOHax CTaHl{1I1I C MaHeBpo-
BOM KOJIOHKH.
B MaprnpyrHoM pe:>KHMe OC)'Il{eCTBJUIeTCH aBTOMaTlIqecKaH YCTaHOBKa CJIO:>KHbIX MaHeBpOBbIX
MaprnpYTOB, COCTOHIl{HX 1I3 HecKOJIbKHX 3JIeMeHTapHbIX nonyrHbIx MaprnpYTOB, npWleM Becb CJIO:>K-
HbIM MaprnpYT 3a..n;aeTCH YCJIOBHbIMII HOMepaMII ero HaqaJIa II KOHl{a. B rnTaTHbIX pe:>KHMaX pa60TbI
CIICTeMa <<,ZJ:HaJIor-IJ:» BbIIIOJIIDIeT Bce Tpe60BaHIIH 6e30nacHOCTH ,n:BII:>KeHHH nOe3,n:OB C yqeToM Bpa:>K-
,n:e6HOCTII MaprnpyroB.
AeapUUHble pe;JICUMbl ynpaeneHUfl nplIMeHHIOTCH nplI OTKa3ax ynpaBJIHIOIl{IIX YCTPOMCTB CIICTe-
MbI «)J:lIaJIor-IJ:», HanplIMep ,lLJIH: npHMoro (BcnOMOraTeJIbHoro) ynpaBJIeHIIH crpeJIKaMII nplI JIO:>K-
HOM 3aIDITOCTII CTpeJIOqHOrO yqaCTKa; BKJIlOqeHIIH nplIrJIaCIITeJIbHbIX ClIrHaJIOB Ha CBeTocpopax; IIC-
KYCCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHIIH CTpeJIOqHbIX II nYTeBbIX ceKl{IIM.
BcnOMozamenbHblU nepe60d cmpenoK. ITepe,n: aBaplIMHbIM nepeBo,n:OM CTpeJIOK)J: CI1,n:OJI:>KeH y6e-
,n:HThCH B OTCyrCTBHH no,n:BII:>KHOrO COCTaBa Ha CTpeJIOqHOM CeKl{HII. PeaJIlI3al{IDI 3TOM KOMaH,AbI B03-
MO:>KHa TOJIbKO nplI OTcyrCTBHH 3aMbIKaHIDI CTpeJIOqHOM CeKl{IIH, B KOTOp}'lO BXO,n:HT ,n:aHHaH crpe.1IKa.
,LLrrH nepeBo,n:a CTpeJIKII )J:CIT BbI6lIpaeT: B OCHOBHOM MeHIO - nYHKT «YnpaBJIeHlIe»; B MeHIO-
nYHKT «CTpeJIKII»; B no,n:MeHIO - «ABapIIMHbIM nepeBO,n:». IToCJIe BbI60pa HOMepa CTpeJIKII H
YKa3aHIIH He06xo,n:IIMOrO ee nOJIO:>KeHIIH Ha 3KpaHe MOHIITopa BbIBO.AIITCH OKHO C YBe.AOMJIeHII-
eM 0 He06xo,n:IIMOCTII nOCbIJIKII OTBeTCTBeHHOM KOMaH.AbI. )J:JIH no,n:TBep:>K,[{eHIIH nOCbIJIKH OT-
BeTCTBeHHOM KOMaH,n:bI )J:CIT Ha pe3epBHOM nYJIbTe (IIJIII nYJIbTe KJIlOqeM-:>Ke3JIOB) Ha:>KIIMaeT
KHonKY KOK B TeqeHlIe 20 c. ITocJIe nocTynJIeHIIH ClIrHaJIa TC 0 Ha:>KaTHII 3TOM KHonKII OTBeT-
CTBeHHaH KOMaH,Aa «ABaplIMHoro nepeBO.Aa» nepe,n:aeTcH ,n:Ba:>K,[{bI C KOHTpOJIeM BpeMeHII pea-
JIII3al{lIlI. IToKa 3Ta KOMaH,Aa He peaJIII30BaHa nOCbIJIKa ,n:PyrlIx OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaH,n: 6JIOKII-
PyeTCH.
Ha plIC. 2.14, a nplIBe,n:eHa cxeMa YBH3KII C ycrpoMcTBaMII «JfUaJloz-lJ» nplI peaJIlI3al{1I1I Bcno-
MOraTeJIbHOrO nepeBo,n:a crpeJIKII. YTOJIIl{eHHOM JIIIHlIeM BbI,LJ:eJIeHa l{enb C KOHTaKTaMII ,n:onOJIHII-
TeJIbHbIX peJIe)J:(.. )BK, KO KIll 0 BK. Ha plIC. 2.14, 6 nplIBe,n:eHbI nplIMepbI no,n:KJIlOqeHIIH ,n:onOJI-
HIITeJIbHbIX BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIX peJIe 0 BK II )J:(.. )BK K MO.AYJIHM ,n:BYX 6e30naCHbIx MarnlIH EM III
EM2, a Ha plIC. 2.14, e - KOMIIJIeKTa peJIe KOHTpOJIH OTBeTCTBeHHbJX KOMaH,A (peJIe 0 KO K, KOKIII
KOK2).
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TeJIbHOrO ClIrHaJIa )J:CIT BbI6lIpaeT: B OCHOBHOM MeHIO - nYHKT «YnpaBJIeHlIe»; B MeHIO - nYHKT
<<I1pHmaCHTeJIbHbIe CHrHaJIbI». ITpe)l{)J;e qeM OTKpbITb nplImaCHTeJIbHbIM CHrnaJI, HanpHMep Ha BXO,n:-
HOM cBeTocpope q, )J:CIT YCTaHaBJIIIBaeT CTpeJIKH no MaprnpYTY II 06eCneqlIBaeT IIX 3aMbIKaHlIe,
IICnOJIb3YH Cnel{HaJIbHYlO KOMaH,AY «3aMbIKaHlIe CTpeJIOK». TOJIbKO nOCJIe 3TOro )J:CIT nplIcrynaeT
K peaJIH3al{HH KOMaH,AbI «ITplIrJIaCHTeJIbHbIM CHrHaJI», OT KOTOpOM qepe3 MO.n:yJIH 6e30nacHbIx BbI-
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,n:bI )J:CIT B TeqeHlIe 20 C Ha:>KHMaeT Ha KHOIIKY KOK Ha pe3epBHoM nYJIbTe. ITepe.Aaqa 3TOM KOMaH,AbI
TY cpHKclIPyeTcH no,n:aqeM,lLJIH )J:CIT 3BYKoBoro ClIrHaJIa. IToCJIaHHaH KOMaH,Aa BocnplIHIIMaeTCH
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3KpaHe MOHHTopa APM )J:CIT COOTBeTCTB}'IOIl{IIM l{BeTOM oT06pa:>KaeTCH HaJIlIqlIe Ha BXO,n:HOM CBe-
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a - peanH3aQHH BcnOMoraTenbHoro nepeBoa CTpenOK; 6 - nOKmOqeHHfl pene BK H OBK; 6 - BKnlO-
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HOM MeHIO - rryHKT «Maprnpyr»; B MeHIO - n)'HKT «OTMeHa»; B no,n:MeHIO - ropnoBHH)' CTaHU;HH
II KaTeropmo Maprnpyra; B OKHe «TIepeqeHb MaprnpyroB» - HaHMeHOBaHlIe OTMeIDIeMoro Maprn-
pyra II 3aTeM BBO,n:HT KOMaH.AY Ha oTMeH)' Maprnpyra.
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MeHbI MaprnpYTa cOnpOBO:>K.n;aeTcH MlIraHlIeM 3eJIeHbIM I.{BeTOM cerMeHTOB HaqaJIa II KOHl.{a OT-
MeHHeMoro MaprnpYTa.
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KH .IUUI pa3MbIKaHIDI. Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa BbIBO.AIITCH OKHO C YBe.AOMJIeHlIeM 0 nOCbIJIKe OTBeT-
cTBeHHoH KOMaH):{bI. BbI6paHHbIe yqaCTKII Ha 3KpaHe MOHIITopa HaqlIHalOT MHraTb 3eJIeHbIM HJIII
KpacHbIM I.{BeTOM.
ITocJIe BbI60pa Bcex pa3MbIKaeMbIx 1I30JIIIpOBaHHbIx yqaCTKOB )J:CIT nOCbIJIaeT KOMaH.n;y TY
rpynnoBoro pa3MbIKaHIIH C nOlI:TBep:>K,[{eHlIeM nOCbIJIKH oTBeTcTBeHHoH KOMaH):{bI (Ha:>KaTlIeM
Ha pe3epBHoM nYJIbTe KHonKII KOK). )J:a.rree KOMaH.n;a nOCTynaeT B YBK MH pea.rr1I3al.{lIlI. Boc-
nplIHTlIe KOMaH.n;bI rpynnoBoro pa3MbIKaHIISI clmKclIpyeTcH Ha 3KpaHe MOHIITopa nOHBJIeHlIeM
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HbIM HenpepbIBHbIM CBeTOM, a pa3MbIKaeMbIe yqaCTKII npOL(On:>KaJOT MlIraTb.
ITocne nOCTynneHIIH ClIrHana TC 06 OKOHqaHIIH npoecca «HCKyccTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHIIH»
(oKOHqaHIIH BbI)];ep:>KKII BpeMeHII) 1I30nlIpOBaHHbIe yqaCTKII nepeCTalOT MlIraTb, a HH.AeKC «HP»
KpaCHoro BeTa raCHeT.
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pa3MbIKaHIIH rPHI H rPHITIT qepe3 KOHTaKTbI .n;ononHHTenbHoro pene ,lJfPH, KOTopoe no.n;KJIlOqe-
HO K MOL(ynlO BbIXO.n;OB EM -1602 (CM. plIC. 2.11), aHa pHC. 2.17, 6 nplIBe.n;eH nplIMep BKJIlOqeHHH
IIH):{HBII,LJ;YaJIbHOrO pene IICKYCCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHIIH PH qepe3 KOHTaKTbI .AOnOnHHTenbHbIX pene
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BbI.n;eneHbI Ha cxeMe YTOnll{eHHbIMII nHHIIHMII.
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ponHpyeTcH CneHaJIbHOH cxeMoH, B KOTOpyro BKJIlOqeHbI pene KOHTpOllil pa6OTocnoc06HoCTH KP
II aBapHHHbIe perre AI, A2 (CM. plIC. 2.6). <1>pOHTOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH perre KP II Al nOL(aeTCH nHTa-
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<ppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT B enlI ITHTaHIUI KOHTponbHoro pene KP (PIIC. 2.18, a). TbIJIOBbIM KOHTaKTOM
pene KP 3aMbIKaeTCH enb nlITaHIIH.lLTIH Mo.n;yneH BbIXO.n;OB BTOpOH EM-1602 (CM. plIC. 2.6). Ha
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Ha plIC. 2.18, 6 npHBeL(eH nplIMep cxeMbI KOHTpOJIbHOrO pene C IICnOnb30BaHHeM KOHTaKTa O.A-
HOro aBaplIHHoro pene A. HOpMaJIbHO mfTaHHe Ha KOHTpOJIbHOe pene KP B 3TOH cxeMe nO.AaeTCH
qepe3 TbIJIOBbIe KOHTaKTbI aBaplIHHoro pene A H perHCTplIpyroll{ero pene P40. B cnyqae OTKa3a B
pa60Te yCTpOHCTB EM -1602 qepe3 <ppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene P39 cpa6aTbIBaeT aBapHHHoe pene A II
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PHC. 2.18. IIpHMepbI cxeM KOHTponfl pa60Tocnoc06HoCTH EM -1602:
a - C BYMfl aBapHHHbIMH pene Al H A2; 6 - C OllHHM aBapHHHbIM peJIe A
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pa3MbIKaeT CBOH TbillOBOH KOHTaKT B errH KOHTpOJIbHOro peJIe KP. ,[(JUI 06ecneqeHHjI He06xon;HMo-
ro BpeMeHH6ro peR<:HMa B enH nepBoro nOBTOpJITeJUI KOHTpOJIbHOro peJIe KPI IICnOJIb3YeTCjI KOH-
n;eHcaTopHbIH 6JIOK TlIna KEMIIl-6. BOCCTaHOBJIeHlIe IICXOn;HOro COCTOjlHlIjI peJIe B cxeMe KOmpo-
JIjI OC)'IlI.ecTBJUleTCjI C IICnOJIb30BaHHeM cneHarrbHOH KHonKII BK C (lmKcaHeH ee Ha:>KaTIDI.
HcrrOJIb30BaHIIe pe3epBHbIX II aBaplIHHbIX pe:>KIIMOB Ha CTaHHII perHcrplIpYeTCjI, a nepexon; H3
3TH peR<:HMbI OCYIl.{eCTBJIjleTCjI cnelJUaJlbHblMU KfllO'-leBblMU KOMaHoaMU, IICKJIlOqalOIl.{HMII HecaHK-
UHOHlIpOBaHHbIH n;ocryrr B nOJIHOM COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHIDIMII HHCTPYKHII IJ:1Il-530.
3aOaHue MaplUpym06. 3an;aHlIe MapmpYTOB .ABII:>KeHlIjI noe3ll0B no CTaHlum ,[(CI1 npOII3B0,lI11T
nYTeM BBOlla KOMaH,LJ; YCTaHOBKH MapmpYTOB nplI C06JIIO.AeHIIII 06eCneqeHIIjI Bcex He06xon;IIMbIX
Tpe60BaHIIH: CB060D;HOCTII Bcex nYTeBbIx CeKIIH MapmpYTa; HarrlIqlIji KOHTpOJIjI nOJIO:>KeHlIjI crpe-
JIOK, BXOMIl.{HX B YCTaHaBJIHBaeMbIH MaprnpYT II n;p. HanplIMep, ,WIjI 3a..n;aHIDI noe3n;Horo Maprnpyra
,[(CI1n;OJI:>KeH BbI6paTb B OCHOBHOM MeHIO rryHKT «MapmpYT», B nepBOM non;MeHIO BbI6paTb nYHKT
«I1oe3n;HOH», BO BTOpOM nOllMeHIO BbI6paTb n)'HKT «3a..n;aTb», B nepeqHe MaprnpyroB BbI6paTb nYHKT
C HalIMeHOBaImeM YCTaHaBJIIIBaeMOro MapmpYTa II BBeCTII KOMaH,LJ;Y Ha 3a..n;aHlIe MapmpYTa.l1plI
HaTmqlIH npwmH, npeIDITCTB}'IOIl.{HX 3a..n;aHHIO MapmpYTa, T.e. nplI YCTaHOBJIeHHOM Bpa)l()]:e6HOM
Mapmpyre, 3aHjlTOM nepBOM yqaCTKe yn;arreHlIjI, YCTaHOBJIeHHOM BcrpeqHOM HanpaBJIeHHH ,[{BIDKe-
HHjI Ha neperOHe, OTcyTCTBHH KOHTpOllil nOJIO:>KeHHjI CTpeJIOK, 3aIDITOCTII KaKOH-JIII60 ceKHH Map-
rnpyra, Ha 3KpaHe MOHJITOpa nOjlBJIjleTCjI OKHO C YKa3aHIIeM nplIqlIHbI HeB03MO:>KHOCTH 3a.n:aHlIjI
MaprnpYTa, KOTopoe MO:>KeT 6bITb 3aKpbITO Ha:>KaTHeM JII060H KJIaBlImlI.
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c1>opa, orpa:>K,I:{alOIl.{ero 3aMKH)'TbIH Maprnpyr, ecJIII llaHHbIH cBeToc1>op 3aKpbIT. B nepBOM CJIyqae
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cBeToc1>opa nOjlBJIjleTCjI OKHO C COOTBeTCTB}'IOIl.{HM npen;yrrpe)l()]:eHlIeM, KOTopoe Ha..n;O nOn;TBepn;HTb.
,[(JIjI BbI60pa OTKpbIBaeMoro CBeToc1>opa ,[(CI1n;OJI:>KeH BbI6paTb B OCHOBHOM MeHIO nYHKT «Yn-
paBJIeHlIe», B nepBOM nOllMeHIO - nYHKT «CBeTOc1>OpbI». 80 BTOpOM non;MeHIO BbI6paTb COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO nYHKT «I1oe3llHbIe» HJIII «MaHeBpoBbIe». nOcJIe qero B nepeqHe BbI6paTb noe3llHoH
HJIII MaHeBpoBbIH cBeToc1>op, cooTBeTCTBYIOIl.{IIH Haqarry 3a..n;aBaeMoro MaprnpYTa.
I10cJIe nepen;a1ill KOMaH,JJ;bI TY Ha OTKpbITHe noe3n;Horo H.JllI MaHeBpoBoro cBeToc1>opa 3BY'IIIT
O.AHOKpaTHo 3B)'KOBOH clIrmm. I10cJIe nOJIyqeHlIjI ClIrHarrOB TC Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTOpOB oT06pa:>Ka-
eTCjI HanpaBJIeHHe II KaTeropIDI YCTaHaBJIHBaeMOro Maprnpyra (crpeJIKII Ha60pHoH rpyrrnbI3efleHO-
20 HJIII 6efl020 lJBemalI HH,lJ,eKCbI «H», «q» HJIII«HM», «QM»), c1>aKTHqecKoe nOJIO:>KeHHe crpeJIOK
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pyra (3efleHblU HJIH 20fly60u nOBTOpHTeJIb CBeToc1>opa).
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n;PyrHMII HHc1>opMaUHoHHo-yrrpaBJIIDOIl{HMII CIICTeMaMII :>KeJIe3HOn;OpO:>KHoro TpaHcnopTa, KOTopbIe
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Ha IJ:eHTpoM KOMnblOTepHbIX :>KeJIe3HOn;OpO:>KHbIX TeXHOJIOrlIH I1eTep6yprcKoro rocyn;apcTBeH-
Horo YHIIBepCIITeTa II)'TeH co06meHlIjI.
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poJUI H yrrpaBJIeHlIjI 06'beKTaMH Ha CTaHHII. 3Ta CIICTeMa JIerKO a..n;anTHpYeTCjI K 06'beKTaM ynpaB-
90

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TP-66, MPIJ:-9, MPIJ:-13, 3IJ:-12-90, 3IJ:-12-00 H )Ip.). 06ecneqlIBaSi BbICOKlIe nOKa3aTenH 6e30-
naCHOCTII )IBII:>KeHIISI nOe3)IOB, peneHHbIe .CIICTeMbI lI.eHrpaJIH3all.IIII Bce-TaKH He Y)IOBneTBopSiIOT
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IICnOnb30BaHIIe BbPmcnlITenbHOH TeXHIIKH )IJISI peaJIII3al.{HH 60nee CnO:>KHbIX aJIrOpHTMOB <PYHK-
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CIICTeMe 3IJ:-MI1K BbIIIonHSleTCSI cpe.ACTBaMII BbIqlICnlITenbHOH TeXHIIKII. TaKoe TeXHlIqeCKOe pe-
rneHlIe n03BonHno onTIIMII3IIpOBaTb II ynpOCTHTb TPaJIlIlI.lIOHHbIe peneHHbIe CXeMbI.
Cpe)ICTBa BbIqlICmrrenbHoH TeXHHKH B CHCTeMe 3IJ:-MllK BbIIIonHSlIOT: <PYHKI.J.HII MaprnpYTHoro
Ha60pa; peanH3aumo pe:>KIIMa «aBTO.AeHcTBHSI» CBeTo<popOB; )IBYKpaTHbIH II nOCne)IOBaTeJIbHbIH
nepeBO)I CTpeJIOK; <pHKCaI.{HIO HelIcnpaBHocTeH; OnOBell{eHlIe MOHTepoB nYTII; 06)IYBKY CTpeJIOK;
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3neMeHTHOH 6a3bI, B 3TOH CIICTeMe PllIJ: 06eCneqHBaeTCSI 6blnOnHeHUe pRoa H06blX cpYHlCljUU:
- aBTOMa1WlecKoro npoToKo1illpoBaHHSI )IeHCTBHH nepcoHaJIa, pa60TbI CHCTeMbI II ycrpOHCTB (<PYH-
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CTBeHHO C JIHl\eBOM H 06paTHoM CTOpOH. B HH::>KHeM qaCTH JIHl\eBOM CTOpOHbI IllKa<l>a Ha nepBoM
nOJIKe pa3MeIl{eHbI .n;Be nJIaTbI KOH.n;eHcaTopHbIX .n;eIllH<l>paTopoB AOTI -16 H MOHTa:>KHa}l CTOpO-
Ha npe.n;oxpaHHTeJIeM nHTaHH}I. Ha BTOpOM nOJIKe IllKa<l>a pa3MeIl{eHa MOHTa)l<Ha}l cTopoHa rpyn-
nOBbIX peJIe nepeKJIlOqeHHII KOMnJIeKTOB (rpy, rpY1 H rpY2), cxeM aBapHMHbIX peJIe H peJIe
OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B OCHOBHoro H pe3epBHoro KOMnJIeKTOB (Ao, OTIo HAp, OTIp). Ha
TpeTbeM nOJIKe IllKa<l>a pacnOJIO:>KeH KJIeMMHbIM TepMHHaJI .n;JI}I BBo.n;a nHTaHH}I B KTC YK H
pa3p}l.n;HHK. Ha nOJIKaX Y3 - Y 4 pa3MeIl{eHbI Cnel\HaJIbHbIe KpOCC-nJIaTbl TY -48, Ha KOTOpbIX
YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC}I nJIaTbI cOnp}l:>KeHH}I C 06'beKTaMH ynpaBJIeHH}I THna Y,n:0-48P. TIJIaTbI C HH-
.n;eKCOM «0» OTHOC}lTC}I K OCHOBHOMY KOMnJIeKTY, a nJIaTbI C HH.n;eKCOM «P» - K pe3epBHoMY.
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KOHTpOJI}I) C TYM6JIepaMH BKJIlOqeHH}I nHTaHH}I +24 B KOMlUIeKTOB TB/O H TB/P, KHonKaMH nepe-
KJIlOqeHIDI KOMlUleKTOB H3 naCCHBHoro B aKTHBHoe COCTO}lHIfe JUIiI npoBe.n;eHHil3JIeKTpoMexaHHKoM
CQE npo<l>ruIaKTHqeCKHX pa60T, KpacHbIMH KOHTpOJIbHbIMH JIaMnaMH «TIHTaHHe» (VD 1 H VD5)
JUI}I KOHTpOJI}I BKJIlOqeHIDI nHTaHIf}l ryM6JIepOM TB He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, B KaKOM COCTO}lHHH Haxo-
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peropaHIDI npe.n;oxpaHHTeJIeM KTCYK; rrpe.n;oxpaHHTeJUlMH nepBWIHoro nHTaHIDI +24 B (TIP1. TIn,
TIP5, TIP6).
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HHTeJIH ynpaBJI}lIOIl{ero nHTaHIDI +24 B (TIPS-TIP11); Ha BTOpOM nOJIKe - pa3MeIl{eHbI mITb peJIe,
06eCneqHBalOIl{He nepeKJIlOqeHHe ynpaBJUlIOIl{ero nHTaHIDI Me)l()J;y aKTHBHbIM H naCCHBHbIM KOMn-
JIeKTOM; CBerO.n;HO):{HbIe KaTopbI pa60ThI KOHTpOJIJIepa (cxeMa aBapmrnoro pene) H peanH 3a lU IH
OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B (cxeMa peJIe OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B OTI); BbIIlle 3ape3epBHpoBaHbI
MeCTa ,WUI .n;BYX HCTOqHHKOB nHTaHH}I ycrpOMCTB IllKa<l>a, Koprryca KOHTpOJIJIepOB H KOHBepropoB
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YCTaHaBJIHBaerC}I no .n;Be lUIaTbI YB}l3KH C 06'beKTaMH KOHTpOJI}I TIilla YMB-64/8-S (JIeBaii no.n;KJIIO-
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YMB-64/8-S); MOOYJlU 6bl600a no yrrpaBJIeHHIO (ycrpOMCTBa ynpaBJIeHIDI Y,n:0-48P H Y,n:0-24R);
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MOIl{blO no.n;KJIlOqeHH}I K l\en}lM ynpaBJIeHH}I HH,ll;HKal\HeM. YCTpOMCTBO MaTpHqHOrO BBo.n;a YMB
rrpe.n;Ha3HaqeHO .AJI}I c60pa HH<l>opMal\HH 0 COCTO}lHHH .n;Byxn03Hl\HOHHbIX 06'beKTOB 3Q H ranb-
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nHTaHHjI KOHTpOJIJIepa qepe3 pe3HCTOp R3 (raK )Ke, KaK OT BHellIHerO 6a30BOrO TOKa). BKJIJOqeHHe
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npHlfMqHBOCTb OIITWIecKoro KaHaJIa K B03.n:eHCTBlllo 3JIeKTpoMarnHTHbIx nOJIeH. Bo BXO.AHOH QenH
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napbI IDJIyqaTeJIIr--4>oTonpHeMIDlK pacnOJIaraJOTcSI B O.n;HOM Koprryce.
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qeCKOH: pa3BR3KH Me)l{)J;y HCTOqHHKOM nHTaHHR 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB OK H HCTOqHHKOM
nHTaHHR 06'beKToB. B KaqeCTBe peJIeH:HbIX OKOHqaHHH: HCnOJIb3YlOTCR OnT03JIeKTpOHHbIe peJIe
11 TI 19E 1. TIo ynpaBJIeHHIO HCnOJIb3YlOTCR .n;Ba rnna YCTpOH:CTB COnpR)I{eHIDI C 06'beKTaMH (Y CO):
lUIaTbI COnpR)I{eHIDI TB-24R Ha repKoHoBbIX peJIe C TpOH:HHKOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH (CM. pHC. 2.22,6)
H nJIaTbI OpMHpoBaHHR ynpaBJIRlOll.(HX CHrHaJIOB UDO. llJIaTbI UDO-24R HCnOJIb3YlOT B Ka-
qeCTBe KOMMYTal{HOHHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB 24 MaJIora6apHTHbIX 3JIeKTpOMeXaHHqeCKHX peJIe, a B
nJIaTaX UDO-48R (CM. pHC. 2.22,6) BbIXO.n;HbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH RBJIRIOTCR OnT03JIeKTpOHHbIe
npH60pbI - TBep.n;oTeJIbHbIe peJIe, 6JIaro.n;apR qeMY 06eCneqHBaeTCR raJIbBaHHqeCKaR pa3BR3-
Ka CHrHaJIOB ynpaBJIeHHR KOHTpOJIJIepa H BbIXO.n;HbIX l{eneH:.
B lUIaTaX UDO-48R H UDO-24R HCnOJIb3YlOTCR nOCJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHbIH: HHTepeH:C RS-485 H MHK-
ponpol{eccop. CHrHaJI ynpaBJIeHIDI Ha 06MOTKY peJIe opMHpyeTcR OT lUIaTbI C06CTBeHHOrO npo-
l{eccopa, nOJIyqalOll.(ero KOMaH,IJ;bI OT KOHTp01IJIepa KTC YK no nOCJIe.n;oBareJIbHoM)' HHTepeMcy,
qeM .n;OCTHraeTCR MaJIOnpoBo.n;HOCTb MOHTa)l{a (npHMeHReTcR .n;ByxnpoBo.n;HaR JIHHHR). Ha nJIaTe
pa3MeIUeHbI HI-f,[UfKal{HOHHbIe CBeTO.n;HO.n;bI (3eJIeHOrO, )l{eJITOrO H KpacHoro l{Bera, KOTopbIe oT06pa-
)l{alOT COCTORHHe OnT03JIeKTpoHHbIX peJIe); MHKpOnepeKJIlOqaTeJIb, onpe.n;eJIRIOIl.(HH: a.n:pec lUIaTbI;
MHKpOnpOl{eccop, 06eCneqHBalOll.(HH: npHeM KOMaH.A TY H HX HCnOJIHeHHe - BKJIlOqeHHe rum BbI-
KJIlOqeHHe cooTBeTCTBYIOIUHX OnT03JIeKTpoHHbIX peJIe; MHKpocxeMa HHTepeH:Ca RS-485; perHCT-
pbI ynpaBJIeHIDI TBep.n;OTeJIbHbIMH peJIe.
KOMM}'TalU'lOHHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH Ha lUIaTax ynpaBJIeHIDI TB-24R RBJIRIOTCR 24 MaJIora6apHT-
HbIX 3JIeKTpoMeXaHHqeCKHX peJIe. KOHTpOJIJIep opMHpyeT KOMaHJ{y H qepe3 napaJIJIeJIbHbIH: HH-
TepeH:C OCYll.(eCTBJIRerCR BKJIlOqeHHe 3JIeKTpOHHoro KJIlOqa Ha lUIaTe yrrpaBJIeHHR (CM. pHC. 2.22, 6).
BCJIe.n;CTBHe npoTeKaHHR TOKa qepe3 06MOTKY BbIxo.n;Horo peJIe nOCJIe.n;Hee BKJIlOqaerCR H, B 3aBH-
CHMOCTII OT HCnOJIb30BaHIDI poHToBoro RJIH TbIJIOBOrO KOHTaKTa, 3aMbIKaer RJIH pa3MbIKaer l{enb
ynpaBJIeHIDI HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIM peJIe YCTpOH:CTB 3Q.
KaK 6bI1I0 OTMeqeHO BbIIIle, B lUIaTaX UD0-48R BbIXO.n;HbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH SlBIDlIOTCR OIIT03JIeKT-
pOHHbIe rrpH60pbI -TBep.n;on:.JThHbIe peJIe (CM. pHC. 2.22, 6). TIOCTyInIBIIla51 OT KOHTp01IJIepa KOMaH,IJ;a
06pa6aTbmaeTCR MHKpOnpOl{eccopoM lUIaTbI, a nOCJIe.z::unrn opMHpyer <<yrrpaBlliIlOll.(ee CJIOBO» Ha
MHKpocxeM)' .n;eIIlHpaTopa. BCJIe.n;CTBHe 3TOro qepe3 COOTBeTCTB)'IOIl.(HH: H3JIyqaIOIUHH: .n;H0.n; onTO-
napbI npOTeKaer 3JIeKTpHqecKIlli TOK. 06pa3)'1OnurnCR CBeTOBOH: nOTOK OTKpbIBaer CH1IOBOH: nOJIY-
npOBO.n;HHKOBbIH: KJIlOq B BbIXO.n;HOH: l{enH (HanpHMep, CRJIbHOTOqHbIH: CeMHCTOp), r.n;e BKJIlOqeHO
HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOe peJIe. TIpH BKJIlOqeHHH nHTaHHR nporpaMMa ynpaBJIeHIDI MHKpOnpOl{eCCOpOM
CqHTbIBaer BOCbMH6HTHbrn a,n:pec, YCTaHOBJIeHHbrn MHKponepeKJIlOqaTeJIeM, H nepexO.n;HT B pe)I(JIM
O)l(ll,l1;aHIDI KOMaH,IJ; OT KOHTpOJIJIepa KOMlUIeKTa. TIpH no.rryqeHHH KOMaH,IJ;bI, a.n:pecHaR qaCTb KOTO-
poM cOBna,n:aer C C06crneHHbIM a,n:pecoM, MHKpOnpOl{eccop npOBepRer npaBRJIbHOCTb npHeMa (om-
cymcmeue OUlu6oK npu npueMe) H, ecJIH KOMaH):{a npmurra BepHO, nepeKJIlOqaer COOTBeTCTB)'IOIUHe
06DeKTbI, nOCJIe qero nepe.n;aer B JIHHHIO CHrHaJI «Keumup06QHWl» - nO.ATBep)l{)J;eHIDI 0 peaJIH3a-
lUill KOMaH):{bI. ECJIH npH npHeMe B03HHKJIH OIIlH6KH, TO npHHRTaR KOMaH,IJ;a aHHYJIHpyercR H MHK-
ponpOl{eccop OIDITb nepexo.n;HT B pe)I{HM O)l(Jf.[{aHIDI KOMaH):{.
CBeTo.n;Ho.n;bI, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIe Ha nJIaTe, CHrHaJIH3HpYlOT 0 COCTORHHH Ka)l{)J;OH: OnT03JIeKT-
pOHHOH: pa3BR3KH: rOpRIl.(HH: CBeTo.n;HO.n; COOTBeTcTByeT 3aMKHYTOMY KJIlOqy, a nOraCIIlHH: -
pa30MKHYTOMY. BapHCTopbI, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIe Ha nJIaTe, npe.n;Ha3HaqeHbI MR 3all.(HTbI TBep.n;o-
TeJIbHbIX peJIe OT nepeHanpR)I{eHHH:.
CxeMa a6apuiiHOZO pene. B KOMlUIeKce KTC YK peaJIH30BaH nOCTORHHbIH: KOHTpOJIb npaBRJIb-
HOCTH YJII(l{HOHHpOBaHIDI KOHTp01IJIepa CXeMOH: aBapmrnoro peJIe A, KOTopaR nOCTpoeHa Ha OCHO-
Be KOH,IJ;eHCaTOpHoro .n;eIIlHpaTopa H 06eCneqHBaer y.n;ep)l{aHHe ero no.n; TOKOM npH HMrryJIbCHOH:
pa60re .n;BYX yCTpOH:CTB COnpR)I{eHIDI YCO (lUIaT UD0-48R). )J,.rrR Ka)l()];oro KOHTp01IJIepa CTpOHTCR
CBOR cxeMa aBapHH:Horo peJIe - Bcero qerbIpe CxeMbI. I1MnYJIbcHaR pa60Ta YCO 06ecneqHBaeTCR
98

HenpepbIBHO nporpaMMHbIM 06eCneqeHHeM KOHTpOJIJIepa. npH HapYIIIeHHH JlMnYJIbCHOM pa60ThI
HJIH HeHcnpaBHOCTH cxeMbI aBapHMHoe peJIe A BbIKJUOqaeTCH. ECJIH npH 3TOM KOHTpOJIJIep 6bill
aKTHBHbIM, TO naCCHBHbIM KOHTpOJIJIep 6epeT yrrpaBJIeHHe Ha ce6H.
CxeMa aBapIillHoro peJIe Ao (OCHOBHoro KOMnJIeKTa) npHBe.n;eHa Ha pHC. 2.23. OCHOBY cxeMbI
COCTaBJUIeT IUIaTa AOn-16. CxeMa pa60TaeT CJIe.nyIDIl{HM 06pa30M: BKJIlOqaeTCH 3JIeKTpOHHbIM KJIlOq
An - qepe3 pe3HCTOp Rl H .n;HO.n; VDl npOHcxo.n;HT 3apH,lJ; KOH):{eHCaTOpa Cl; KJIlOq An BbIKJIlOqa-
eTCH, BKJIlOqaeTCH KJIlOq AM; KOH):{eHCaTOp Cl pa3pH)I(aeTCjl qepe3 .n;HO.n; VD2 H pe3HCTOp R2 Ha
KOH):{eHCaTOp C2; KJIlOq AM BbIKJIlOqaeTCH, BKJIlOqaeTCH KJIlOq An H l{HKJI nOBTOpHeTCH. Qepe3 He-
CKOJIbKO TaKTOB pa60TbI CXeMbI nOTeHl{HaJI Ha KOH):{eHCaTOpe CTaHOBHTCH TaKHM, qTO aBapHMHoe
peJIe Ao IIpHTHrHBaeT HKOpb. )J,aJIee npOHcxo.n;HT nOCTOjlHHaH no.n;3apH,lJ;Ka KOH):{eHCaTOpOB Cl H C2.
napaMeTpbI cxeMbI H qaCTOTa BKJIlOqeHHH KJIlOqeM An H AM no.n;06paHbI TaKHM 06Pa30M, qTO peJIe
Ao 6YJJ:eT YJJ:ep:>KHBaTh CBOM HKOpb TOJIbKO IIpH nOCTOHHHOM C06JIIO.n;emfH 3a,rJ.aHHbIX napaMeTpOB.
nHTaHH:e cxeMbI OCYll{eCTBJIHeTCH HanpH)I(eHH:eM + 12 B H -12 B (24 B) OT c06CTBeHHoro HCTOqmn<a
nHTaHllil KOMIUIeKTa KTC YK. KOHTpOJIb pa60ThI oCYll{eCTBlliIeTCjl CBeTO.n;HO.n;HbIMH JIaMnaMH, pac-
nOJIO)l(eHHbIMH Ha naHeJIH ynpaBJIeHHH IIIKa<t>a KTC YK.
CxeMa pelle om6emcm6eUUbiX npuKa306. )J,.rrjl peaJIH3al{HH ynpaBJIjllOll{HX B03.n;eMcTBHM, npH
KOTOpbIX npoBepKa YCJIOBHM 6e30nacHocTH .n;BH)I(eHHH B03JIaraeTCH Ha .n;e)l(ypHoro no CTaHl{HH,
npHMeHeHa cxeMa peJIe OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B on, 06eCneqHBalOll{aH KOMM)'Tal{HIO HCnOJIHH-
TeJIbHbIX l{eneM TOJIbKO npH C06JIIO.n;eHHH onpe.n;eJIeHHOM nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHOCTH .n;eMCTBHM )J,cn
H HcnpaBHOCTH KOMnJIeKTOB KTC YK.
Y420
All
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-12 89 90
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3
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IIpHMeqaHHe: nnaTa cxeMbI pene Ap
Haxo,nHTCfl H8 MeCTe II12.
25
IIPrn Ao
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PHC. 2.23. CxeMa BKnIOqeHHfl aBapHHHoro pene Ao
7.
99

TY. B T3K TC Bbl,[{aeTC}I CllrHaJI «K6UmUp06aHUR», HHIU.{HaJIH3HpyeTc}I CqeTqHK BpeMeHH. )J,JI}I
KOMaH,A, Tpe6YJOIl{HX KpaTKOBpeMeHHoro B03.Aei1:cTBIDI Ha peJIeHHYJO cxeMY 30: (BCnoMOraTeJIbHbIH
nepeBO.n; CTpeJIOK, aBapHHHa}l CMeHa HanpaBJIeHH}I H T.n.), nOCJIe HCTeqeHH}I onpe.n;eJIeHHOrO
BpeMeHH pa60TbI CqeTqHKa c6pacbIBaeTc}I ynpaBJI}lJOll{ee B03.n;eHcTBHe (YB) C peJIe nono H
nonp, H YCTpoHcTBa npHxo.n;}lT B Hcxo.n;Hoe COCTO}lHHe. )J,JI}I OpMHpOBaHH}I.l1JIHTeJIbHbIX yn-
paBJI}lJOIl{HX B03.n;eHcTBHH (YB) Ha HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIe cxeMbl (HanpHMep, npH BKJIJOqeHHH Ha
cBeToope JIaMIIbI nplIT'JIaCHTeJIbHoro orHSl) npH HenpepbIBHOM y.n;ep)l{aHHH )J,cn Ha)l{aTOH KHonKH
MbIIIlH Ha APMe opMHpyeTc}I CepH}I HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX KOMaH,A :noro OTBeTCTBeHHoro npHKa-
3a. EJIaro.n;ap}l .n;HHaMHqeCKOH pa60Te BbIXO.n;OB Ha BpeM}I nocTynJIeHH}I OTBeTCTBeHHoro npH-
Ka3a C03.n;aeTC}I l.{enb y.n;ep)l{aHH}I HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOrO peJIe BO BKJIJOqeHHOM COCTO}lHHH. ECJIH
BpeM}I O)l{H):{aHH}I npHxo.n;a on TY HCTeKJIO, TO npeKpall{aeTC}I pa60Ta BbIXO.n;OB KTC YK H
peaJIH3aUH}I OTBeTCTBeHHoro npHKa3a npeKpall{aeTC}I. O:enH peJIe ono H onp BbIKJIJOqaJOTC}I.
06U{uii WlZOPUmM t}JynKu.uonupo6anuR KTC YK. nporpaMMHoe 06eCneqeHHe KOHTpOJIJIepa
KOMlUIeKca KTC YK COCTOHT H3 HCnOJIH}leMOrO MO.n;yruI H 6a3 .n;aHHbIX: 06'beKTOB TC H TY (a.n.peca
pacnOJIO)l{eHIDI B Ta6JIHue 3aH}lTOCTII KOHTaKTOB T3K, a.n.peca no.n;KJIJOqeHH}I K ycrpoHCTBaM conp}l-
)l{eHH}I- YCO, BH):{ KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro CHrHaJIa); MapIIlpYToB (THn MapIIlpYTa - noe3.n;HoH HJIH
MaHeBpoBbIH; Ha3BaHHe TOqeK HaqaJIa H KOHl.{a MapIIlpyra; Tpe6yeMoe nOJIO)l{eHHe crpeJIOK no Tpac-
ce; BKJIJOqaeMbIe OTHOC}lIl{HeC}I K .n;aHHOMY MapIIlpYTY peJIe HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOH rpynnbI 30: - peJIe
K, H, HM, KM, KC, C, OT).
OCHOBHbIMH YHKUH}lMH nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHH}I KOHTpOJIJIepa KTC YK }lBJI}lJOTC}I:
nOJIyqeHHe HHopMaUHH 0 COCTO}lHHH KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 06'beKTOB C YCO; 06pa60TKa HHOp-
MaUHH 0 KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 06'beKTaX H OpMHpOBaHHe co06Il{eHHH.l1JI}I nepe.n;aqH no JIBC B
APMbI; nOMep)l{Ka HHTepeHca C JIBC; npHeM H .n;eIIlHpaUH}I KOMaH,A ynpaBJIeHH}I OT APM
)J,cn; OpMHpOBaHHe H peaJIH3aUH}I Tpe6yeMbIx ynpaBJI}lJOIl{HX B03.n;eHCTBHH B COOTBeTCTBHH
C npHH}lTOH KOMaH,AOH; npHeM H peaJIH3aUH}I OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaH,A ynpaBJIeHH}I; nOJIyqeHHe
H3Mep}leMbIX BeJIHqHH aHaJIOrOBbIX CHrHaJIOB; 06pa60TKa HHopMaUHH 06 H3MepeHH}lX H op-
MHpoBaHHe co06Il{eHHH.l1JI}I nepe.n;aqH no JIBC B COOTBeTCTBYJOIl{He APMbI; .n;HarHOCTHKa pa-
60Tocnoc06HoCTH napHoro KOMnJIeKTa KTC YK.
I1HopMaUIDI TC OT KOHTpOJIJIepa KTC YK Ha APMbI nepe.n;aeTc}ll1UKJlUlJeCKU naKeTaMH. Ka)l{-
.n;bIH naKeT co.n;ep)l{HT HM}I KaHaJIa TC H Bce rpynnbI .n;Byxn03HUHoHHbIX 06'beKTOB TC (T3K TC).
npHKa3 TY OT APMa Ha KOHTpOJIJIep KTC YK nepe.n;aeTc}I cnopaOUlJeCKU O.AHHM naKeTOM H co.n;ep-
:>KI1T HMSI KaHaJIa TY, MeCTOnOJIO)l{eHHe 06'beKTa B T3K YK.
KonmpoRb COCmORIIUR o6'bel(m06 TC. Onpoc COCTO}lHIDI KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 06'beKTOB oCYll{e-
CTBJI}leTC}I C lUIaT YMB. CHrHaJIbI COCTOIDfIDI KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIX 06'beKTOB H3HqecKH npe.n;CTaBJIe-
HbI nOTeHUHaJIOM. JIorWIecKH 06'beKT CqHTaeTC}I aKTHBHbIM (0) B TOM CJIyqae, eCJIH Ha Bxo.n;e lUIaThI
YMB eCTb nOCTO}lHHOe Hanp}l)l{eIDIe; naCCHBHbIM (1), eCJIH Hanp}l)l{eHHe OTCYTCTBYeT. Onpe.n;eJIe-
HHe JIOrnqeCKOrO COCTO}lHIDI 06'beKTa OCYll{eCTBJI}leTC}I 3a nepHO.n; BpeMeHH 0,2 C MeTO.n;OM HaKon-
JIeHIDI. EaHTbI COCTO}lHH}I 06'beKTOB, CqHTaHHbIe C nepHo.n;oM 0,2 MC, 3aHOC}lTC}I B 6yep HaKOnJIe-
HIDI no YCJIOBHJO KOH'bJOHKUHH. ECJIH B TeqeHHe 0,2 C Ha COOTBeTCTBYJOll{eM Bxo.n;e lUIaTbI YMB
06HapY:>KeH BbICOKHH nOTeHUHaJI, 06'beKT TC CqHTaeTC}I aKTHBHbIM.
C ueJIbJO MHHIIMH3aUHH YB}l3KH Ha BXO.n; lUIaTbI YMB MO)l{eT no.n;aBaThC}I He TOJIbKO nOCTO}lHHbIH
nOTeHUHaJI, HO H HMnYJIbCHbIH CHrHaJI. )J,JI}I onpe.n;eJIeHH}l3TOrO pe)l{HM;i HCnOJIb3yeTc}I CJIe.n;yJO-
Il{HH no.n;xo.n;: H3BeCTHO MaKClIMaJIbHOe BpeM}I HaXO)I(,[(eHH}I 06'beKTa B aKTIlBHOM H naCCHBHOM CO-
CTO}lHHH; eCJIH 06'beKT TpH pa3a H3MeHHJI CBoe COCTO}lHHe H He Haxo.n;HJIC}I B aKTHBHOM IUllI naCCHB-
HOM COCTO}lHHH 60JIbIIle MaKCHMaJIbHOrO BpeMeHH, TO 06'beKT CqHTaeTC}I pa60TaJOIl{eM B HMrryJIbC-
HOM pe)l{HMe. )J,JI}I Ko.n;HpOBaHIDI TaKHX 06'beKTOB HCnOJIb3YJOTC}I.n;Ba 6HTa HHopMaUHH - BKJIJO-
qeWBbIKJIJOqeH H HMIIYJIbCHbIH pe)l{lIM.
B T3K TaK)I{e YKa3bIBaJOTC}I H «BHpTYaJIbHbIe 06'beKThI», npe.n;CTaBJI}lJOIl{He C060H cepBHCHbIe
.n;aHHbIe .n;IDI APM )J,cn, HanpllMep: .n;HarHOCTHqecKa}l lffiopMaUIDI 0 KOMlUIeKTax, JIOrnqecKa}l
6JIOKHpOBKa crpeJIOK H .n;p. BIIpT)'aJIbHbIe 06'beKTbI TC He lIMeJOT TOqKH no.n;KJIJOqeHIDI, a HX COCTO-
}lHIDI H3MeH}lJOTC}I ynpaBJI}lJOIl{HMH KOMaH,AaMH TY.
101

06pa6omKa KOMaud TY. TIpM npMeMe KOMaHlI TeJIeyrrpaBJIeHIDI KO):{bI .AernHCl>PYIOTCSI, amUIH3M-
PYIOTCSI Ha KoppeKTHOCTb <l>opMaTa .AaHHbIX M 3anMCbIBaIOTCSI B 6y<l>ePbI KOMaHlI TY, onMH M3 KOTO-
pbIX opraHM30BaH no npMHUMrry «nepBbIH npMrneJI - nepBbIH BbIrneJI», 3 BTOpOH - O,lUIHOqHOH
OTBeTCTBeHHOH KOMaHlIbI TY. B OCHOBHOM U;MKJIe nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHIDI ocyru,eCTBJUleTCSI
H.LJ;eHTM<l>MKaU;IDI KOMaHlI TY, BbI60p 06'beKTOB yrrpaBJIeHIDI M <l>OpMlfpOB3HMe yrrpaBJI»IOIl{MX B03-
.AeHCTBHH comacHo THIIOB KOMaHlI.
Pa3JIWI3IOT CJIe.L()'IOIl{Me THIIbI yrrp3BIDlIOIl{HX KOMaHlI TY: npoCTbIe KOM3HlIbI B03.AeHCTBIDI Ha 0)Ui-
HOt.IlIbIH 06DeKT; KOMaIUJ;bI YCTaHOBKH M OTMeHbI M3prnpyrOB; KOMaIUJ;bI nepeBOn3 crperrOK; MHO)l(ecTBeH-
HbIe KOMaIUJ;bI, T.e. IIpM nocryrrnemrn: onHOH KOMaHlIbI TY OCyru,eCTBJUleTC» onHOBpeMeHHoe <l>oPMHpO-
B3HHe yrrpaBIDllOIl{HX B03.AeHCTBHH HecKOJIbKHMH o6DeKTaMH; KOM3HlI3 Ha nepeKJllQqeHHe KOMIUleKTOB
(06p363TbIBaeTC» TOJIbKO naCCHBHbIM KOMIUleKTOM); BMpryaJIbHbIe KOM3HlIbI, He B03.AeHCTBYIOIl{Me Ha
pe.rre, a yrrp3BIDlIOIl{Me COCTOmIHeM nepeMeHHOH (BMpTyaJIbHOro 06'beKT3) B T3K TC.
TIpM yrrp3BJIemrn: crpeJIKOH OCyru,ecrBJUleTCSI KOHTpOJIb ee TeKYIl{ero nOJIO)l(eHIDI, T.e. eCJIM IIpM-
lillIa KOM3HlIa nepeBeCTM CTpeJIKY B ITJIIOCOBOe nOJIO)l(eHMe, a CTpeJIKa MMeeT KOHTpOJIb ITJIIOCOBO-
ro nOJIO)l(eHMSI, TO yrrpaBJISlIOIl{ee B03.AeHCTBMe B cxeMY CTpeJIKM He 6Y.AeT c<l>opMMpOBaHO. Yn-
paBJUlIOIl{ee B03):{eHCTBMe OCYIl{eCTBJISleTC» TOJIbKO n;1SI nepeBO.Aa crpeJIKM B Kp3HHee nOJIO)l(eHHe,
npOTHBOnOJIO)l(HOe MMeIOIl{eMYCSI KOHTpOJIIO, a T3K)I(e npM ero OTCyrCTBMM ,lJ.JI» peBepcHpOBaHIDI
crpeJIKM.
K3)Klla» crpe.rrK3 MO)l(eT 6bITb fl02UIJeCKU 3a6flOKUpOeaHa ,lJ.JI» yrrpaBJIeHIDI. B 3TOM CJIyqae HMKa-
Ka» KOMaHlI3 IfH.lU'IBH,AYaJIbHOrO HJIM M3prnpYTHoro yrrpaBJIeHIDI He 6Y.AeT peaJIM30BaH3 .AO TeX nop,
nOKa He 6Y.AeT CIDITa 6JIOKMpOBKa. EJIOKHpOBK3 M CIDITHe 6JIOKHpOBKM crpe.rrKH peaJIH3YIOTCSI npo-
CTbIMH KOMaHlIaMlf TY 6e3 nO.AaqM B03.AeHCTBMSI B yrrpaBJUlIOIl{yIO u;enb CTpeJIKH.
)J;JI» 33.AaHIDI Maprnpyra OT APM ,lJ;CTI B KTC YK.AOJI)I(HbI npHHTM oee KOMaHObl, M3 KOTOpbIX
nepBa» - rpaHHu;a HaqaJI3 Maprnpyra, a BTopa» - rpaHMu;a ero KOHU;3. 3TH KOMaHlIbI CB»3aHbI C
H,AeHTM<l>MKaTopaMM CBeTo<l>opoB, no KOTOpbIM 33.AaeTCSI Maprnpyr. ,lJ;aJIee COrJIaCHO npMHSlTbIM
KOM3HlI3M H,AeHTH<l>MU;MPYIOTCSI 33.AaBaeMbIH Maprnpyr M ero TIm (noe30HOU WlU MaHeepoeblu).l1,r(eH-
TH<l>MKaTop M3prnpyr3 3aHOCMTC» B cnMCOK M3prnpyroB, npMHSITbIX K peaJIM3aU;HM.
TIepe.A H3qaJIOM peaJIM33U;HM 33.AaHIDI onpe.AeJUlIOTC» crpe.rrKH Maprnpyra, nOJIO)l(eHMe KOTOpbIX
He COOTBeTCTBYeT Tpe6yeMOMY, nOCJIe qero BbI,LJ;aIOTCSI KOMaHlIbI Ha MX nepeBO.A. TIo MCTeqeHllli
BpeMeHM, OTBe.AeHHOro Ha nepeBO.A crpeJIOK, BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI npOBepKa COOTBeTCTBIDI nOJIO)l(eHIDI
CTpeJIOK (nporpaMMHbIH aHaJIOr cxeMbI COOTBeTCTBMSI). ECJIH nOJIyqeHHbIH KOHTpOJIb crpe.rrOK CO-
OTBeTCTByeT BbI,LJ;aHHOMY yrrpaBJUlIOIl{eM)' B03.AeHCTBMIO (YB) Ha MX nepeBO.A, TO peaJIM3aU;IDI 33.Aa-
HIDI npo.AOJI)I(aeTCSI, MHaqe Maprnpyr He 3anaeTCSI, a ero H,AeHTII<l>MKaTop Y.AaJISleTCSI M3 6y<l>epa. .J1.rr»
MaHeBpOBbIX MaprnpyroB CHaqaJIa BbI,LJ;aeTCSI YB H3 BKJllQqeHHe KOHeqHO-MaHeBpOBoro pe.rre KM B
6JIOKe KOHu;a Maprnpyr3, a 3aTeM B 6JIOKe Haqarra Maprnpyra 06Il{ero KHOnOqHOrO peJIe CBeTo<l>opa.
KHono'IHoe pe.rre 06ecneqHBaeT nO.Aaqy nHTaHIDI B u;enM BKJIIOqeHIDI HaqaJIbHOrO, HaqaJIbHO-Ma-
HeBpoBoro, KOHTpOJIbHO-ceKIJ;MOHHbIX M CHrHaJIbHbIX pe.rre.
BKJIIOqeHMe KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKU;MoHHbIX peJIe KC npMBO)UiT K BbIKJIIOqeHMIO MaprnpyrnbIx peJIe
1 M M 2M, a 3aTeM 3aMbIKaIOIl{MX peJIe 3. C npoBepKoH peJIeHHOH cxeMOH BceX YCJIOBMH 6e30-
naCHOCTM .ABM)I(eHMSI BKJIIOqaeTCSI u;enb CMrHaJIbHOrO peJIe. TIpM nOJIyqeHMM KOHTpOJISI <l>aKTM-
qeCKOrO OTKpbITMSI cBeTo<l>op3 Ha pa3pernaIOIl{ee nOKa3aHMe npOMcxonMT c6poc KHOnOqHOrO
peJIe, a CMrHaJIbHOe peJIe nepeKJIIOqaeTCSI Ha u;enb caM06JIOKMpOBKM (Maprnpyr 33.A3H). ECJIM
BpeM» O)l(H,AaHMSI OTKpbITMSI CMrHaJIa npeBbICMT .AOnYCTMMoe, TO H,AeHTM<l>MKaTop :noro Maprn-
pyra aBTOMaTMqeCKM Y.AaJISleTCSI.
TIpH nepeKpbITIlM CMrHaJIa BO BpeMSI ):{BM)I(eHIDI noe3):{a no MaprnpYTY nOCJIe ero npOCJIe,lJ.OBaHIDI
3a CBeTo<l>op npOMCXO.AMT c6poc u;enM caM06JIOKMPOBKM CMrHaJIbHOrO pe.rre M Y.AaJIeHMe H,AeHTH<l>M-
KaTopa MaprnpYTa M3 cnMCKa peaJIM3yeMbIx MaprnpYToB.
TIpM OmMeHe MapUlpyma OT APM ,lJ;CTI nocrynaeT ):{Be KOMaHlIbI: nepBa» - H,AeHTII<l>MK3Top
npou;e.AYpbI OTMeHbI, a BTopa» - KO.A Maprnpyr3. 3aTeM BbIIIOJIH»eTCSI H,AeHTH<l>MKaU;IDI Maprnpyra
B cnHCKe npMIDITbIX Ha peaJIM33IJ;MIO. ECJIH TaKOBOH He 6Y.AeT HaHneH, TO nOMCK npOM3BO):{HTCSI no
6Y<l>epy .AaHHbIX Bcex MaprnpyroB. TIOCJIe 3TOro T3KOH Maprnpyr 33HOCHTCSI B cnMCOK MaprnpyroB,
102

npMHSIThIX Ha peaJIM3aU;MlO. )J;aJIee BKJIlOI.J:eHMeM KHOnOI.J:HOrO peJIe ocyeCTBJISIeTCSI c6poc u;enM
caM06JIOKHpOBKH CHTHaJIbHOro peJIe M KOHTpOJDfpyeTCSI nepeKpbITHe CMrHaJIa. TIpM norryqeHHM KOH-
TpOJISI nepeKpbITHSI CMrHaJIa BbI)];aeTCSI YB Ha BKJIlOI.J:eHMe peJIe OT 6JIOKa COOTBeTCTBYIOIUero CBe-
TO<l>Opa, peJIe rpynnoBoM OTMeHbI Bor, <l>opMMpoBaHIDI IUMHbI OTMeHbI TIOT (Wl10C OmMellbl), noc-
JIe I.J:ero MeHTM<l>MKaTop MapIUpyra Y.AaJISIeTCSI M3 cnMCKa MapIUpyroB.
AJIroplITMbI peaJIM3aU;1lli Bcex yrrpaBJIIDOIIU'IX KOMaH,A B CMCTeMe 3D.-MTIK Ha peJIe MCnOJIHM-
TeJIbHOH rpynnbI COOTBeTCTBYIOT 06MM aJIrOplITMaM MX peaJIM3aU;MM B peJIeHHOH CMCTeMe 3D.,
BblIIOJIHeHHOM no KOHKpeTHbIM TMnOBbIM peIUeHIDIM ,WISI paccMaTpMBaeMoM CTaHU;MM.
IIepeKJllOileHUe KOMwzeKm06 KTC YK. CTPYKTYPHaSI cxeMa KOMnJIeKCa TeXHMI.J:eCKMX Cpe,lJ.CTB
ynpaBJIeHMSI M KOHTpOJISI npe.ACTaBJIeHa Ha pMC. 2.25. )J;JISI 06eCneI.J:eHMSI Ha.Ae>KHOCTM KTC YK
COCTOMT M3 .ABYX He3aBMCMMO <l>YHKU:MOHMPYIOMX KOMnJIeKTOB - «OCHOBHoro» M «pe3epBHo-
ro», BKJIIOI.J:eHHbIX B JIOKaJIbHYIO BbII.J:MCJIMTeJIbHYIO ceTb (JIBC). O.AMH M3 KOMnJIeKTOB KTC YK
SIBillIeTCSI «aKTMBHbIM». OH ocyeCTBJISIeT peaJIM3aU;MIO ynpaBJISIIOerO B03.AeMCTBIDI Ha 06'beKThI
u;eHTpaJIM3aU;MM M nepe.AaI.J:Y MH<l>opMaU;MM 0 COCTOSIHMM KOHTpOJIMpyeMbIx 06'beKTOB no KaHaJIY
CBSI3H K APMaM. )J;pyroM KOMnJIeKT npM 3TOM SIBJISIeTCSI «naCCMBHbIM» H HaXO.AMTCSI B «ropSI-
I.J:eM» pe3epBe. 06a KOMnJIeKTa B npou;ecce pa60TbI 06MeHMBalOTcSI MH<l>opMaU;MeM Me>K,D;y co-
60M no JIBe. CneU;MaJIbHaSI cxeMa IIepeKJIIOI.J:eHMSI KOMnJIeKTOB 06eCneI.J:MBaeT nepexo,lJ. ynpaB-
JIeHMSI C O.AHOrO KOMnJIeKTa KTC YK Ha ,lJ.pyroM: aemOMamUlJeCKU npM HapYIUeHMSIx pa60TbI
aKTMBHoro KOMnJIeKTa Ha OCHOBe .AMarHOCTMI.J:eCKOM MH<l>opMaU;MM, KOTOpOM 06MeHMBalOTcSI no
JIBC, MJIM ,lJ.JISI 06eCneI.J:eHMSI nepMO,lJ.MI.J:eCKOM npoBepKM McnpaBHocTM naCCMBHoro KOMnJIeKTa;
oucmalil/uoliliO M3 APM )J;CTI npM CMCTeMaTMI.J:eCKMX C60SIX MH.AMKaU;MM MJIM 3aTpY.AHeHMSIX B
peaJIM3aU;MM KOMaH,lJ. ynpaBJIeHMSI; epYlJllYIO 3JIeKTpOMexaHMKoM C nOMOblO KHonOK nepeKJIIO-
I.J:eHMSI KOMnJIeKTOB Ha naHeJIM ynpaBJIeHMSI KTC YK ,lJ.JISI peMoHTa MJIM npo<l>MJIaKTMI.J:eCKOrO
06crry>KMBaHMSI.
TIpM 3TOM ocyeCTBJIIDOTCSI nepeKJIIOI.J:eHIDI IUMH mrraHIDI IIJIaT yrrpaBJIeHIDI 06'beKTaMM, a TaIOKe
MIJ.lU'IKaU;IDI aKTHBHoro M naCCMBHoro COCTOSIHMM KOMnJIeKTOB Ha naHeJIM ynpaBJIeHHSI M MOHMTO-
pax APMoB. C nOMOblO 060pY.AOBaHIDI KTC YK, 6JIaro,lJ.apSI MH<l>oPMaU;HoHHoMY 06MeHY Me)l{,[{)'
KOMIJJIeKTaMH no JIBC, a TaK>Ke HenpepbIBHoMY KOHTpOJIIO YCTpoMCTB IIaCCMBHbIM KOMITJIeKTOM,
MCKJIIOI.J:aIOTCSI HapyIlleHIDI B pa60Te MCnOJIHlITeJIbHbIX cxeM B npou;ecce nepeKJIIOI.J:eHlm (nepeKpbI-
THe cBeTo<l>opoB, c6poc MCKyCCTBeHHoM pa3.AeJIKM, HellITaTHbIe nepeKJIIOI.J:eHIDI pe>KMMOB ropeHMSI
JIaMn cBeTo<l>opoB «,lJ.eHb/HOI.J:b» M .Ap.).
Ka)K,[{bIM KOMIJJIeKT BO BpeMSI CBoeM pa60Tbi reHepHpYeT B JIBC co06eHMe C MH<l>oPMaQMeM
<<KOMIJJIeKT pa60Tocrroco6eH». )J;aHH)'1O MH<l>opMauHIO, norryqeHHyIO no ceTH, 06pa6aThIBaeT Ka)l(-
.AbIM KOMIIJIeKT C u;eJIblO onpe,lJ.eJIeHIDI HaJIlNIDI napHoro pa60I.J:ero KOMIJJIeKTa. <<AKTMBHbIM» KOMIT-
JIeKT C IIepMo.AOM 2 C reHepHpyeT co06eHMSI B JIBC, cO.Aep>KaMe Ta6JIMU;y 3aHSITOCTH KaHaJIa
TeJIeynpmmeHIDI (T3K TY), «naccMBHbIID> KOMITJIeKT npMHMMaeT .AaHH)'1O MH<l>opMaIJ;HlO M 3anMCbI-
BaeT B 6y<l>ep T3K TY. 3TOT npou;ecc npoMcXO,lJ.HT nOCTOSIHHO BO BpeWi pa60ThI.ABYX KOMIJJIeKTOB.
B cJIYI.J:ae nepeKJIlOI.J:eHIDI ynpaBJIeHIDI C O,lJ.HOrO KOMIIJIeKTa Ha .ApyroH KOMIIJIeKT, KOTopbrn C'TaHO-
BHTCSI «aKTHBHbIM», ocyru,eCTBIDIeTCSI <l>opMHpOBaHMe YB (ynpaBmnoero B03.AeMCTBMSI) Ha 06'beK-
Tbl TY corrraCHO npMIDlTOM no ceTH T3K TY MH<l>0I?MaU;MM OT aKTHBHoro KOMIJJIeKTa. AHaJIOrnI.J:HO
onHcaHHoM)' Bblllle npoueccy npOMCXO,lJ.HT nepe,lJ.aI.J:a M IIpMeM T3K. MaplllpyroB M MH<l>oPMaU;1lli 0
pe)l(MMe ynpmmeHIDI. TIpou;ecc nepeKJIIOI.J:eHHSI KOMIIJIeKTOB B CMCTeMe 3D. MTIK MO>KeT npOMCXO-
,/:{HTh no CJIe,lJ.YIOll{MM npMI.J:MHaM: npMlllJIa KOMaH,lJ;a TY Ha nepeKJIlOI.J:eHHe KOMIJJIeKTOB; «naCCMB-
HbIID> KOMIJJIeKT B TeI.J:eHHe 3 C He norryI.J:aeT OT aKTHBHOrO KOMIIJIeKTa MH<l>opMaU;HH «KOMIJJIeKT
pa60Tocnoc06eH» .
B 060MX Ha3BaHHbIX CJIYI.J:aSIX nepeKJIIOI.J:eHMe KOMnJIeKTOB npOMCXO.AMT no CJIe.AYIOeMY
aJIrOpMTMY: naCCMBHbIM KOMnJIeKT BbI.AaeT YB Ha cxeMY IIepeKJIIOI.J:eHMSI KOMnJIeKTOB; 3aTeM
nepeKJIIOI.J:aeTCSI peJIe rpy; .AaJIee KOMnJIeKTbI no MH<l>opMaU;MM, CI.J:MTaHHOM C nJIaT TC, onpe,lJ.e-
JISIIOT M3MeHeHMSI CBoero COCTOSIHMSI.
AKrnBHblM KOMIJJIeKT, oTpa60TaB HOBYIO MH<l>oPMaIJ;HlO C IIJIaT TC, onpe,lJ.e.rnIeT, I.J:TO OH CTaJI nac-
CHBHbIM, BblCTaBJISIeT B T3K TC MH<l>opMaQMIO 0 HeB03MO>KHOCTM ynpaBJIeHIDI Ha MOMeHT nepe-
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RS485 +5 B RS485 +5 B +5 B RS485 +5 B RS485
nnaTbI TY nnaTbI TY IInaTbI TC IInaTbI TY
OCHOBHoro OCHOBHoro pe3epBHoro pe3epBHoro
KOMnneKTa KOMnneKTa KOMnneKTa "KoMfIneKTa
(YJ\0-48P, Y,!\024-R) (YMB-64/8.S) (YMB-64/8-S) (Y,!\0-48p, Y,!\024-R)
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PHC. 2.25. CTPYKTYPHafl cxeMa KOMnneKca TeXHHqeCKHX cpecTB ynpaBneHHSI H KOHTponH KTC YK

KJIIOI.J:eHIUI KOMIUIeKTOB M MHHU;HarrM3HpyeT CI.J:eTI.J:MK BpeMeHH. Kor.Aa BpeM51 COrJIaCHO CI.J:eTI.J:HKY 3a-
KOHI.J:HTC5I, KOMnJIeKT OCYIl{eCTBMT c6poc TeKYIl{MX YB H MHMU;MaJIH3HpYeT CI.J:eT'IHK BpeMeHM 3aHO-
BO. )),arree, Kor.n;a BpeMSI CI.J:eTI.J:MKa no.n;OH,n,eT K KOHIJ;y (BpeMSI, He06xo):(MMOe Ha c6poc YB), KOMIl-
JIeKT BbI,LJ;acT no T3K TC MH<l>opMau;M1O 0 B03MO)l(HOCTM yrrpaBJIemUl. IlaCCMBHbIH KOMrmeKT, onpe-
.n;eJIHB, I.J:TO CTaJI aKTMBHbIM, OCYIl{eCTBJISleT CJIe.n;YIOIl{Me .n;eHCTBMSI: BbI,LJ;aeT B T3K TC MH<!JopMau;M1O
o 3anpcre yrrpaBJIeHlUl, BbI,LJ;aeT YB COrJIaCHO T3K TY M T3K MapmpyroB, MHHIUfarrH3MpYeT CI.J:eT-
I.J:HK BpeMeHM. Kor.n;a BpeM51 COrJIaCHO CI.J:eTI.J:MKY no.n;OH,n,eT K KOHU;Y, ynpaBJISlIOIl{Me KOMaH}J;bI T3K
TY M T3K MapmpyroB 6y.vyr peaJIH30BaHbI, KOMIUIeKT C6POCMT no T3K TC MH<l>opMau;M1O 0 3anpcre
yrrpaBJIeHlUl.
IlepeKJIIOI.J:eHMe nMTaHMSI u;eneH ynpaBJIeHMSI 06'beKTaMM 3D. OCYIu;eCTBJISleTCSI I.J:epe3 KOHTaKThI
rpynnoBoro peJIe rpy M ero nOBTOpMTeJIeH. CxeMa rpynnoBbIX peJIe nepeKJIIOI.J:eHHSI KOMIIJIeKTOB
npMBe.n;eHa Ha pMC. 2.26 M BKJIIOI.J:aeT OCHOBHoe rpynnoBoe peJIe pe3epBHoro yrrpaBJIeHMSI rpy M
ero nOBTOpMTeJIM peJIe rpYl M rpY2. K 06MOTKaM peJIe rpy (TMna P3JII-1600) no.n;KJIIOI.J:eHbI:
KOHTaKThI TBep.AOTeJIbHbIX peJIe rpy (95-96 Y41) nJIaT Y)),O-48P OCHOBHOro M pe3epBHoro KOM-
IIJIeKTOB; <l>poHToBble KOHTaKTbI 41-42 M 51-52 nOCJIe.AHerO nOBTOpMTeJISI rpynnoBoro peJIe
rpY2.
IlOJIO)l(eHMe KOHTaKTOB Bcex peJIe M KOHTaKTOB KHonOK CP/P M CP/O, pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIX Ha
naHeJIM yrrpaBJIeHIUI IlY, COOTBeTCTBYIOT aKTMBHOMY COCTOSlHMIO OCHOBHoro KOMIIJIeKTa KTC YK.
1.Jepe3 TbIJIOBble KOHTaKTbI peJIe rpy BbI.n;aeTCSI nMTaHMe B cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{Me mMHbI .n;JISI HH-
Tep<l>eHcHblx nJIaT OCHOBHoro KOMnJIeKTa. KOHTaKTbI :noro )l(e rpynnoBoro peJIe 06eCneI.J:MBa-
lOT CBSl3b KOHu;eHTpaTopa OCHOBHoro KOMIIJIeKTa KTC YK co CBOMM KOHTpOJIJIepoM. IlpM He06-
XO.n;MMOCTH nepe.n;aI.J:M <l>YHKU;MH ynpaBJIeHMSI pe3epBHoMY KOMnJIeKry OT APM )),CIl nepe.n;aeT-
CSI COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{aSl KOMaH.n;a, a.ApeCOBaHHa51 pe3epBHoM)' KOMnJIeKry. KOHTpOJIJIep :noro KOM-
IIJIeKTa KpaTKoBpeMeHHo BKJIIOI.J:aeT peJIe rpy Ha nJIaTe Y)),O-48P pe3epBHoro KOMnJIeKTa. IlpM
BKJIIOI.J:eHMM peJIe 3aMbIKaeTCSI u;enb nMTaHMSI 06MOTKM 1-4 OCHOBHoro peJIe rpy, KOTopoe,
BKJIIOI.J:MBmMCb, BCTaeT Ha caM06JIOKMPOBKY I.J:epe3 <l>POHTOBOH KOHTaKT 41-42 CBoero nOCJIe-
.n;Hero nOBTOpMTeJISI peJIe rpY2. Bce IIOJIIOCbI nMTaHMSI u;eneH ynpaBJIeHMSI nepeKJIIOI.J:alOTCSI Ha
annaparypy pe3epBHoro KOMnJIeKTa.
)),JISI Toro I.J:T06bI BepHYTb <l>YHKU;MM ynpaBJIeHMSI OCHOBHOMY KOMIIJIeKTY, no COOTBeTCTBYIO-
Il{eH KOMaH):{e C APM )),CIl Ha nJIaTe Y)),O-48P BKJIIOI.J:HTCSI peJIe rpy M 3aMKHeT CBOMM KOHTaKTOM
u;enb nMTaHHSI 06MOTKM 2-3. IloCKOJIbKY 06MOTKH 1-4 M 2-3 BKJIIOI.J:eHbI BCTpeI.J:HO M napaJI-
JIeJIbHO, TO MarHMTHble nOTOKM 06eMx 06MOTOK 6y.n;YT KOMneHcMpoBaTb .n;pyr .n;pyra M peJIe
rpy BbIKJIIOI.J:MTCSI H 3aTeM BbIKJIIOI.J:MT CBOM nOBTOpMTeJIM. CxeMa npH.AeT B MCXO.AHOe COCTO-
SlHMe.
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Ha)l(aTMeM cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{MX KHonOK Ha naHeJIM ynpaBJIeHMSI (CP/P MJIM CP/O). KOHTpOJIJIep
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eT CBOH nOJUlpM30BaHHbIH »KOpb. BKJlIOl.J:eHMe nycKoBoro peJIe HTIC BbI3bIBaeT npM 3TOM TOJIbKO
nOTeplO KOHTpOJI» crpeJIKM 6e3 ee <l>aKTMI.J:eCKOrO nepeBO,lJ.a, I.J:TO KOHTpomlpYeTC» B CMCTeMe 31...(-
MTIK M 06eCneI.J:MBaeT <l>opMMpoBaHMe COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{erO ,lJ.MarHOCTlNeCKOrO co06Il{emrn.
,1J.JI» MH.D:HBH.LO'aJIbHOro nepeBO,lJ.a crpeJIKM )),CTI ,lJ.OJI)KeH BbI6paTb O,lJ.HOMMeHHbIH pe)KHM M Ha
nyreBoM IIJIaHe YKa3aTb ,[{.JUI 3TOH crpeJIKH COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{ee HanpaBJIeHMe ee nepeBO.Aa (B «+» HJIM
B «-»). TIpH 3TOM B KTC YK nO.AaeTc» KOMaH,Aa ,[{.JUI nepeBO,lJ.a BbI6paHHoH crpe.rrKH, KOTopa» pea-
JIH3YeTC» C BbIIIOJIHeHMeM aJIrOpHTMa «3JleKmpW-leCK020 noonUpaHUR» TeMM )Ke BbIXO.AaMH yca B
rryCKOBOH u;enM crpe.rrKH, I.J:TO M npM MapmpYTHoM yrrpaBJIemlli. TIoCJIe YCTaHOBKM crpe.rrOK no Tpac-
ce Maprnpyra nporpaMMHbIMH cpe,lJ.CTBaMM KTC YK BbIIIOJIHSleTC» npoBepKa COOTBeTCTBIDI nOJIO-
)KeHMH CTpeJIOK MaprnpYTHoMY 3a.AaHMIO, nOCJIe l.J:ero <l>OPMMPYIOTC» yrrpaBJUlIOIl{He B03,lJ.eHCTBIDI
Ha pe.rreHHbIe CXeMbI MCnOJIHHTeJIbHOH rpynnbI.
B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT BH):{a Maprnpyra (noe3,lJ.HOH MJIM MaHeBpoBbIH) B MCnOJIHlITeJIbHbIe 6JIOKM OT
KTC YK nocrynalOT KOMaH,AbI Ha BKJIIOI.J:eHMe HaI.J:aJIbHOrO peJIe H,WI» nOe3,lJ.HOrO Maprnpyra, a,[{.JUI
MaHeBpOBoro Mapmpyra - CHaI.J:aJIa Ha BKJIIOI.J:eHMe KOHeI.J:HO-MaHeBpoBoro peJIe KM, 3aTeM - Ha-
l.J:aJIbHOro MaHeBpoBoro peJIe HM. CxeMa YB»3KM C CMrHaJIbHbIMM 6JIOKaMM B)),-M M M3-M npMBe-
,lJ.eHa Ha pMC. 2.29. Cpa6aTbIBaHMe 3TMX peJIe (rpaHMU; YCTaHaBJIMBaeMoro MaprnpYTa) 06eCne'illBa-
eT nO,lJ.rOToBKY u;errH BKJIIOI.J:eHM» KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKU;MoHHbIX peJIe KC (KJIeMMa 111). B u;enH peJIe
KC 06eCneI.J:MBaIOTc» Tpa,lJ.MUMOHHbIe 3aBMCMMOCTM no KOHTpOJIIO BbIIIOJIHeHIDI YCJIOBMH 6e30nac-
HOCTH ,lJ.BM)KeHM», peaJIM3yeMbIe B cxeMax 3TMX peJIe CHCTeMbI EMPI...(. TIpM BKJIIOI.J:eHMH peJIe KC
ero TbIJIOBbIMM KOHTaKTaMM B 6JIOKaX peJIbCOBbIX u;eneH YTI-M (CTI-M) yqaCTKoB Maprnpyra BbI-
KJIIOI.J:aIOTC» MaprnpYTHbIe peJIe 1 M, 2M, a 3aTeM 3aMbIKalOIl{ee peJIe 3, l.J:eM 06eCneI.J:MBaeTc»
aBTOMaTMI.J:eCKOe 3aMbIKaHMe CTpeJIOK no Tpacce MaprnpYTa.
C npOBepKOH <l>aKTHI.J:eCKOrO 3aMbIKaHIDI crpeJIOK B Maprnpyre OCYIl{eCTBIDIeTCSI ynpaBJIeHMe CMr-
HaJIbHbIM peJIe C (no,lJ.aeTc» nHTaHMe no u;eIIH ero BKJIIOI.J:eHIDI OT KTC YK Qepe3 KJIeMMY 29). I...(enb
2 noe3,lJ.HbIX M OCHOBHaSl u;enb MaHeBpOBblX CMrHaJIbHblX peJIe COBMeIl{eHbI M pa3,lJ.eJISlIOTC» KOHTaK-
TaMM HaI.J:aJIbHbIX M KOHeI.J:HO-MaHeBpoBbIX pe.rre. ,1J.JISI MCKJIIOI.J:eHIDI JIO)KHOrO BKJIIOI.J:eHIDI nOe3.AHbIX
CMrHaJIbHblX pe.rre no u;enM MaHeBpoBblX MaprnpyroB npM OTKa3aX ycrpOHCTB conp»)KeHIDI Yca,
KaK M B CMCTeMe EMPI...(, co CTOpOHbI HaI.J:aJIa Maprnpyra,[{.JUI nOe3,lJ.HbIX CMrHaJIbHbIX pe.rre nO,lJ.aeTc»
MHH)'COBOH nOJIIOC nHTaHHSI M, a,[{.JUI MaHeBpoBblX MapmpyroB - IIJIIOCOBOH nOJIIOC TI. TIpMMep-
HaSl cxeMa KOHTpOJIbHO-ceKIJ;MOHHbIX M CMlliaJIbHblX pe.rre npMBe,lJ.eHa Ha pMC. 2.30.
TIocJIe OTKpbITHSI BXO.l:tHOro CBeTo<l>opa H C03.AaeTC» u;enb caM06JIOKHpOBKH CMrHaJIbHOrO pe.rre
HC C npoBepKoH <l>aKTHI.J:eCKoro ropeHIDI Ha CBeTo<l>ope JIaMIIbI pa3pernalOIl{ero nOKa3amrn (I.J:epe3
<l>POHTOBOH KOHTaKT YKa3aTeJIbHoro pe.rre HPY M KOHTaKT 3JleKmpOHH020 KJlIOI-la ,[{.JUI u;eIIH 6JIOKH-
POBKM).)].ruI MCKJIIOI.J:eHM» nepeKpbITIDI nOe3,lJ.HbIX CBeTO<l>OpOB npM nepeKJlIOI.J:eHHH <l>H):{epOB nHTa-
HIDI HJIM BbIKJIIOI.J:eHIDI rryreBblx peJIe M3-3a HeYCTOHI.J:MBOH pa60TbI peJIbCOBbIX ueneH rrpe):{yCMaTpH-
BaeTCSI nO,lJ.KJIIOI.J:eHHe CMrHaJIbHOrO peJIe K rnMHe 3aMe,WIeHIDI TIB3. TIpM BCTyIIJIeHHH nOe3,lJ.a Ha nep-
B)'IO ceKU;MIO HTI Maprnpyra npMeMa cBeTo<l>op aBTOMaTMI.J:eCKM 3aKpbIBaeTc» M .AaJIee npM MC-
nOJIb30BaHHM Mapmpyra npoMcxoJJ:HT ero pa3MbIKaHHe no TeXHOJIOrnI.J:eCKoMY aJIrOpMTMY CMCTeMbI
EMPI...(.
Pe)KMM «aBTO,lJ.eHCTBM» CMrHaJIOB» peaJIM3yeTc» B CMCTeMe C MCnOJIb30BaHHeM CneU;MaJIbHOrO
CMrHaJIbHOro pe.rre HAC M npoTHBonoBTopHoro peJIe HTITI. )),JI» 3a.AaHHSI 3TOro pe)KMMa )),cn
OTKpbIBaeT BXO.AHOH M BbIXO,lJ.HOH cBeTo<l>opbI (H, HI) M BBO,lJ.HT KOMaH,lJ.Y BKJIIOI.J:eHM» pe)KMMa
«aBTO,lJ.eHCTBIDI CMrHaJIOB». C nporpaMMHoH npoBepKoH <l>aKTMI.J:eCKOrO OTKpbITM» 3TMX CBeTO<l>O-
pOB M nOJIO)KeHM» CTpeJIOK ,WI» .ABM)KeHM» no rJIaBHoMY nyrM BKJIIOI.J:aeTC» CMrHaJIbHOe peJIe pe)KM-
Ma aBTO.AeHCTBMSI HAC, KOTopoe 3aTeM caM06JIOKMpyeTc» l.J:epe3 TbIJIOBOH KOHTaKT peJIe OTMe-
HbI 3Toro pe)KMMa aT A. TIoBTopHoe OTKpbITHe 3TMX CBeTO<l>OpOB 06eCrreI.J:MBaeTC» npOTMBonOB-
TOpHbIM peJIe HTITI, KOHTaKTbI KOToporo BKJIIOI.J:eHbl B u;enb KOHTpOJIbHO-CeKIJ;MOHHbIX M CMrHaJIb-
HbIX pe.rre.
B KaI.J:eCTBe npMMepa Ha pMC. 2.31 npHBe.AeHa npMHU:HnMaJIbHaSl cxeMa ynpaBJIeHIDI orHSlMM Map-
rnpyrHoro CBeTo<l>opa 11M2 C .ABYXHHTeBoH JIaMIIOH KpacHoro OlliSl. 3JIeKTpOHHbIe KJIIOI.J:H YCa no
ynpaBJIeHHIO BKJIIOI.J:eHbI B u;enM .ABYX peJIe: KHOnOI.J:Horo 11M2K M KOHeI.J:HOrO MaHeBpOBoro peJIe,
111

H-C
M 121 B -M
110 M
112 n
217 114 MMB 
OTA 116 MrOT
OT 118 nMB 18
219 120 nOB
28 MnB
27 210 nnB
214 nBI III Hnn Nn
216 MBI 
221 218 rOT 113
Hm
M 17 nB3 OTA HAC
23 119 BK3 ----.
115
Hm
M 221
110 M
219 112 n
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116 MrOT
Ml 210 118 .nMB n
3 nxc 120 nOB 115
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216 MBI
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nxc 29 220 n 117
222 nMr
Ml III
M 0 12 119 27
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112
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CBeTocl>op qM2 I---Oe08
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MIIC III 28
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117 210
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212
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23-65
M qM2HM . 29 29 2H-2050 21-97
31 :32 \ \ B
1(;1rr- T 217 217 23Bll0-30 qM2C
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II qM2K III I'll], : 219 219
71  72 . 220 27 lH-1350
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42  41 t] 22 ..l..-J 21 \ .1 211 211 119 23B12-6
218 rOT
23B110-26 . -- 213 213 K63
218110-26 121 221 221 qM23
215 215 121 23B12-4 0
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HaXO)];SIIeroC.H B 6noKe TI-M penbCOBOH l.{emf 2TI (KJIeMMa 219). .n;n.H KOHTpon.H COCTO.HHlI.H CBeTO-
<popa K KJIeMMaM 119 H 121 nO)];KJIIOIIeHa rrnaTa KOHTpOn.H K63 ycrpOHCTB cOnp.H>KeHH.H. Ha npHBe-
)];eHHOH CXeMe)];OnOnHlITenbHO OTMeIIeHbI 06MOTKH pene HOBOro nOKOneHlI.H (lH-1350 H 2H-2050),
HaHMeHOBaHHe HCnOnb3yeMbIx KOHTaKTHbIX rpyrrn Bcex pene H a)];peca KJIeMM nepe)];aIIH IIepe3 Bepx-
HHe naHenH npH KpOCCOBOH CHCTeMe MOHTa>Ka )'B.H3KH C HaIIOJIbHbIM 060PY)];OBaHHeM.
011l.Mena Mapmpym06. .n;n.H Toro IIT06bI OTMeHHTb 3a)];aHHbIH MapllIPYT, .n; CTI Ha CBoeM APMe
BbI6HpaeT pe>KlIM «OTMeHa» H cBeTo<pop, no KOTOpOM)' 3a)];aH MapllIpYT. B KTC YK nepe)];aIOTC.H
KOMaH)];bI Ha BKJIIOIleHHe BcnOMoraTenbHoro pene BOr (pHC. 2.32, KOHTaKT 95-96 rrnaTbI Y 42).
Qepe3 <ppOHToBble KOHTaKTbI 41--42, 11-12,51-52 pene BOr nO)];aeTC.H nHTaHHe HaCOOTBeT-
CTByIOYIO MHHYCOBYIO llIHHY (MrOT, MMB HJIH MTIB), KOTOpa.H 06ecneIIHBalOT KOHTpOJIb CBO-
60)];HOCTH cooTBeTCTBYIOero 6noKa BbI.LJ:ep>KKH BpeMeHH. TIocne BBe)];eHillI .n;CTI cooTBeTCTBYIO-
eH KOMaH):{bI Ha 3aKpbITlIe )];aHHOrO CBeTo<popa pa3MbIKaHHeM KOHTaKTa 3neKTpoHHoro KJIIOIla CHH-
MaeTC.H nHTaHHe C l.{enH caM06noKHpoBKlI CHrHaJIbHOrO pene HC BXO)];HOrO cBeTo<popa H. TIocne
3aKpbITlI.H BXO):{HOro CBeTo<popa H .n;CTI BBO)];HT KOMaH):{Y ,WI.H BKJIIOIleHH.H pene OTMeHbI MapllIpYTa
OT Ilepe3 KOHTaKTbI cooTBeTCTByIOero 3neKTpoHHoro KJIIOIIa (CM. KJIeMMY 115 6noKa B.n;- M Ha
pHC. 2.29). nocne TOro KaK BKJIIOIlHTC.H pene OTMeHbI MapllIpYTa OT B CHrHaJIbHOM 6noKe B.n;-M H
nepeii,n;eT Ha l.{enb caM06noKHpoBKH, pa60Ta cxeM IIO OTMeHe MapllIPYTa 6y)];eT npOHCXO)];HTb TaK
>Ke, KaK H B CHCTeMe EMPD:.
Ha pHC. 2.32 npHBe)];eHbI cxeMbI KOMrrneKTOB npH60poB BbI.LJ:ep>KKH BpeMeHH C HCnOnb30BaHHeM
MaJIora6apHTHbIX 6noKoB EBB- M H cxeMbI BKJIIOIIeHH.H HH)];HKal.{HH Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa APM
.n;CTI IIepe3 nnaTY KOHTpOn.H K71 KTC YK.
.n;ononHlITenbHo Ha cxeMe )'Ka3aHbI THIIbI Bcex peneHHblx npH60poB H BapHaHTbI nO)];KJIIOIleHlI.H
nepeMbIIIeK Ha 6noKax EBB- M ,WI.H nonyqeHH.H Tpe6yeMoH BbI.LJ:ep>KKH BpeMeHH. TI pH OTMeHe Map-
llIpyra HCKJIIOIIeHHe B03MO>KHOCTH O)];HOBpeMeHHOH pea.JIll3amm pe>KHMa «HCKYCCTBeHHoro Pa3MbI-
KaHH.H» BblIIonHeHO BKJIIOIIeHHeM TbInOBOrO KOHTaKTa 11-13 pene BOr B l.{enb <pOpMlIpOBaHH.H
llIHHbI MMHB.
HCKyccm6ennoe pa3MblKanue. TIpHB.H3Ka npH60poB ,WI.H peaJIH3al.{HH HCKyccTBeHHoH pa3)];en-
KH ceKl.{HH npHBe.AeHa Ha pllC. 2.33. HCKyccTBeHHoe pa3MbIKaHHe .HBn.HeTC.H OTBeTCTBeHHOH
KOMaH):{OH, peaJIH3yeMoH BO BcnOMoraTenbHOM pe>KHMe ynpaBneHH.H Ha APM .n;CTI, H npHMeH.H-
eTC.H .nIDI CeKl.{HH MapllIpYTa, KOTopbIe no KaKHM-nH60 IIpHIlHHaM OCTaJIHCb Hepa30MKHYTbIMH
IIPH npOCne)];OBaHHH nOe3)];a no MapllIpY'ry (HanpHMep, npH nOTepe KOHTpOn.H nOnO>KeHH.H CTpen-
KH, nO>KHOH 3aH.HTOCTH H T.n.).
Ha ypoBHe APM .n;CTI BbI6HpaIOTC.H nOCne)];OBaTenbHO Hepa30MKH)'BllIHeC.H ceKQlIH (HanpllMep,
QTI, 2CTI). C YKa3aHHeM .n;CTI HOMepoB CeKQHH B KTC YK HanpaBn.HeTC.H KOMaH):{a,WI.H BKJIIOIleHlI.H
HH):{HBH.AyanbHbIx pene lIcKyccmeHHoro pa3MbIKaHlI.H (PH) B nyreBbIx 6noKax BbI6paHHbIx .n;CTI
ceKQHH. TIocne Toro KaK cpa60TalOT pene PH Bcex Tpe6yeMbIx CeKl.{HH H IIepeii,n;yr Ha l.{enH CaMO-
6noKHpoBKH, .n;CTI co cBoero APM no)];aeT rpyrrrroBYIO KOMa.H.LJ:Y rHP HCKycCTBeHHoH pa3.AenKH C
npoBepKoH nO)];TBep>K,Z:J;eHlI.H nOCbillKH OTBeTCTBeHHoro npllKa3a (B l.{enH rpyrrrroBoro pene rPHl
BKJIIOIIeH <ppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT 31-32 pene OTI). TbillOBbIM KOHTaKTOM 21-23 pene rPHl CHlIMa-
eTC.H IIHTaHHe C llIHHbI MHB, OT KOTOpOH nepBOHaIIaJIbHO BKJIIOIIaIOTC.H lIH):{HBH.AYaJIbHble pene PH
BbI6paHHblx ceKQHH. HMeHHo TaKa.H nOCne)];OBaTenbHOCTb KOMaH):{ HCKJIIOIlaeT B03MO>KHOCTb BKJIIO-
IleHillI Ha pa3MbIKaHHe )];OnOJIHlITenbHbIX CeKQHH npH HaIIaBllIeMC.H HCKYCCTBeHHOM pa3MbIKaHlIH
(HHaIle CTano 6b1 B03MO>KHO lIX pa3MbIKaHHe C MeHbllIeH BbI.LJ:ep>KKOH BpeMeHll, IIeM npe)];YCMOTpeHO
cxeMoH). .n;aJIee anrOpHTM pa60TbI cxeM H HH):{HKaHH B pe>KHMe HCKYCCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHillI aHa-
norHIleH CHCTeMe EMPD:.
TIpll 06HoBneHlIH TeXHHIIeCKHX Cpe)];CTB CHCTeM 3D: C 60nbllIHM CpOKOM lIX 3KcrrnyaTaQHH (60-
nee 25 neT) CaMbIMH aKT)'aJIbHbIMH .HBn.HIOTC.H BonpOCbI HHTerpal.{lIH lIX C CHCTeMaMH 3D: Ha 6a3e
MlIKpOnpOl.{eccopHoH TeXHlIKH. 3TO 06ycnoBneHo l.{enblM PSl,[(OM <paKTOPOB, O.AHHM lI3 KOTOpblX .HB-
n.HeTCSI HCnOJIb30BaHHe pecypca 3KcrrnyarnpyeMbIX peneHHbIx CHCTeM 3D:. BbIIIonHeHHbIH pa3pa-
60T'IHKaMH cpaBHHTenbHbIH aHa.JIlI3 CMeT 3KcrrnyarnpyeMbIx peneHHblx 3D: H 3D:-MTIK IIOKa3aJI,
IlTO 06a.H CTOHMOCTb KanllTaJIbHbIX BnO>KeHllH no IIpe,WIaraeMOMY BapHaHT)' npaKTHIleCKH He
8*
115

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M
fOT
31 33 BOf MfOT
42  M
32-75
fOT
M 10 2
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41
fOT
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32-111
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1 -3 4
32-112
OCE
11 33
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6c
31 13
11-32,51-71,71-73,31-52,52-53,53-72
32-113
MB
1 2-3 4
HM1Il2-900
32-114
MCE
11 33
EBB-M
1 MHH
71 13
11-32,51-73,71-72
32-115
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1 2-3 4
M
MMI1B M MB1
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63
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41 43 BOf MIIB
52 
32-76
MB1
M 10 2
3-4
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M IIB1
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63
32-77
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M 10 2
3-4
2HM-1420
31-103
3 r 31El-16
II 0 1 2\
IIB1
32-46
PY TII
41 
26
II
32-116
IICE
11 33
EBB-M
3 MJfH
31 13
11-32,51-73,31-72
31-103
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21c::::J22
HM1Il2-900
HM1Il2-900
PII M
32-71
Bor
1 2-3 2
1H-1350
OTMeHa co CB060JlHOro nYTJf
K71
OC(K)
IIMf OB fOT
OB II 2 2  21 41  2 
82 81 23
83 II OTMeHa MaHeBpoBOro MapIIIpYTa C 3aHJlToro nym
K71
OM(K
IIMf MB MB 1 2
2 2 21 31  2 
II 2rl OTMeHa nOe3JlHoro MapIIIpYTa C 3aHJlTOro nym
K71
OII(K)
3

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43
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31  2
IT
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1 42
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II
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41 1 42
II MB
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BOf IIB
IT
II  61
96 95
II OB
6 2/ 61
32B12-4
PHC. 2.32. CxeMa 6noKoB Bbmep)KKH BpeMeHH H IIIHH nHTaHHSI CHCTeMbI 3l.J,-MTIK
IIMB
IIIIB
IIOB

23-41
2CII
CIT-M
122
M 119
II
PIT 27
2MM
19
n 218 110
ITMf 222 112
210
116
-
-
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120
ITMr
22-45
22El-8 2CIT2
62 61
IT 63
23B12-20
23B21O-18
23-67
23
2 3-4 1
1H-1350
32B18-1O
fPHl 23B18-1O
12 11
13
23-32 qIT
113 114
II
M
32-88
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1 2
3-4
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5
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Y42
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93 94
22-111 2CTI(K
2MCII 22B26-1O 50 M
62 61 r--r
63
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K62
2CTI(6
50 M
Y51 r--r
2HP
MHB
58 57
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YII-M
II I1B
6 2 61
22B26-5
31
II fPH-,l],
22
23-41
113
2CII
114 23E2-6
CII-M
fpm
32 1 31
33
55-115
II fPH-,l],
II fpm 2
2 32-78
22-68 4 fPH11
PY2
32 1 31 32B14-5 2 3
33 22B14-5 1HM-950
22B14-21
55B23-4
ITMr I1B
n ::.(/ 81
IIMf 831
M fPHl
 61
63
55B15-1
K71
fPl1-
45
@
1 63
I1cKyccTBeHHoe pa3MbIKaHI1e
K71
I1P(K)
4
fpm
82 1 81
@
83
fPH
81
M f pm
21  23
32-117
HB
1 2-3 4
32-118
HCE HM1Il2-900
11 33
EBB-M
3 MHH
31 13
11-32,51-73,31-72
M
MHB
HB II
42 41
43
PHC. 2.33. CxeMa npH60poB HCKyccTBeH-
HOH pa3enKH Maprnpym B 3l.J,-MnK

YBenWllfBaeTC.H 6naro.Aap.H COKpa:w;eHHIO paCXO.n;OB Ha 060Py.n;OBaHHe (COKpa:w;aeTC.H qJlcno pene, CTa-
TIfBOB H Ka6enb-pOCTOB; }'MeHbllIaeTCSI pacxo.n; BH)'TpmIOCTOBOro Ka6en.H). TIpH 3TOM rrpIfMeIDlIOTC.H
60nee .AellIeBbIe IIHTaIOIIJ;lfe naHenH 3D 6naro.Aap.H CHH)I(eHHIO nOTpe6n.HeMOM MO:W;HOCTH. TPa):{HIJ,H-
OHHbIe rrynbT If Ta6no ,n:CTI npH TaKOM BapHaHTe Mo.n;epHIf3aIJ,HH He Hcnonb3}'IOTC.H. 06'beM crpo-
HTenbHbIX If MOHTa)I(HbIX pa60T no BH)'TpHnoCToBoMY Ka6enIO H rrycKO-HaJIa.n;oIIHbIX pa60T B pe3epB-
HOM rryJThTe 3HaIIIfTenbHO }'MeHbllIaeTC.H. KpoMe Toro, 6naro.n;ap.H Hcnonb30BaHHIO MaJIora6apIfT-
HbIX cpe.n;CTB BbIqJlCJllITenbHOM TexHHKH, cOKpaIOTC.H He06xo)UlMbIe rrno:w;a,n:H CJlj')Ke6HO-TeXHH-
'IeCKHX nOMe:w;eHHM: pellelmOU (nponOpIJ,HOHaJIbHO IIHcny cOKpa:w;aeMblx peneMHbIx CTaTIfBOB),
annapamHou (pa3MepbI onpe.n;en.HIOTC.H KOnH'IeCTBOM ,n:CTI H He 3aBHC.HT OT pa3MepOB CTaHIJ,HH).
3THM .n;OCTHraeTC.H }'MeHbllIeHHe KanIfTaJIbHbIX BnO)I(eHHM npIf HOBOM crpOHTem£fBe 3D B c)'IIJ,e-
CTB}'IO:W;HX 3.AamUlX nOCTOB 3D: WIH C Hcnonb30BaHHeM TIfnOBbIX TpaHcnopTa6enbHbIx MO.AyneM.
Ha pHC. 2.34 npIfBe.n;eH npIfMep pacnonO)I(eHIDI TeXHononfIIecKOro 060py.n;oBaHIDI CHCTeMbI 3D: - MTIK
B MO.AYlliIX. 3KcrrnyaTaIJ,HOHHbIe pacxo.n;bI )'MeHbllIaIOTC.H 3a CIIeT COKpa:w;eHIDI 3aTpaT Ha 06c.ny?Irn-
BaHHe ycrpOMCTB (npo<pWIaKTHIIecKHM peMOHT pene), co.uep)I(aHHe rrno:w;a.n;eM; CHH)I(eHH.H MaTepH-
aJIO- H 3HeprOeMKOCTH CHCTeMbI; paIJ,HOHaJIbHOrO Hcnonb30BaHIf.H Tpy.n;OBbIX pecypCOB onepaTHB-
Horo nepCOHaJIa.
2.4. MUKpOnpOQeCCOpHaH QeHTpaJIU3aQuH «Ebilock-950»
Ha pOCCIfMCKHX )I(ene3HbIX .n;oporax B nocne.n;HHe 45-50 neT BenaCb IfHTeHCHBHa.H pa60Ta no
060py.n;OBaHHIO CTpenoK Ha CTaHIJ,IDIX ycrpoMCTBaMH 3D, HO npaKTH'IeCKH Bee CHCTeMbI, BBe.n;eH-
HbIe B 3KcrrnyaTaIJ,HIO.n;0 1990 r., rro cBoeMY KaIIeCTBeHHoMY ypOBHIO He y.n;OBneTBopmIH Tpe60Ba-
HIf.HM KOMrrneKCHOM aBTOMaTIf3aIJ,HH nepeB030'IHOrO npOIJ,ecca, c.n;ep)I(HBaJIH TeMIThI BHe.n;peHH.H
HH<popMaIJ,HOHHbIX TexHonorHM H nepexo.ua Ha CHCTeMY 06cnY)I(HBaHIf.H no COCTO.HHHIQ ycrpOMCTB.
3D: peneMHoro THna 06ecneIIIfBaeT OCHOBHbIe He06xo.n;HMbIe <PYHKIJ,HH H .HBillIeTC.H .n;OCTaTOIIHO
Ha,n:e)I(HOM cHCTeMoM, HO B 3KcrrnyaTaIJ,HH Beer.n;a npHCYTCTBYeT onaCHOCTb HenpIf.HTHbIX nocne.n;-
CTBHM npH nepenYTbIBaHIfH npOBo.n;OB, npH C03HaTenbHOM no.n;nHTKe OT.n;enbHbIX npH60poB, npH
YCTaHOBKe nepeMbI'IeK Ha KOHTaKTaX pene H 6noKoB, rrpH .n;aIIe nO)I(HOrO KOHTpon.H nOnO)I(eHIDI 06'beK-
TOB CD:E H .n;pyrHx .n;eMCTBIDIx 06Cn)')KHBaIO:w;ero nepCOHaJIa. B peneMHbIx CHCTeMax 3D: HMeeTC.H
3HaIIHTenbHoe KOJlllIIeCTBO 3neMeHTOB, OTKa3 KOTOpbIX npHBo.uHT K BbIXO.AY H3 crpO.H npaKTHIIeCKH
BceM CHCTeMbI. TIonbITKH .n:y6nHpOBaHIf.H WIH pe3epBHpOBaHIf.H TaKHX 3neMeHTOB cy:w;eCTBeHHbIX
nOnO)I(HTenbHbIX pe3YJThTaTOB He .n;aJIH. TIo npIfIIHHe B03HHKaIO:W;HX rrepeHarrp.H)I(eHHM npOHCXO.A.HT
cnYIIaH B03rOpaHIf.H peneMHbIX nOMe:w;eHHM, a rrOBpe)l{)J;eHH.H Ka6enbHbIX MarHCTpaJIeM npHBO.A.HT
K .nmnenbHbJM cpoKaM BOCCTaHOBneHIDI.n;eMCTBIDI IJ,eHTpaJlli3alUfH. KpOMe Toro, 3D: peneillioro THna
Tpe6YeT 60nee BbICOKHX MaTepHaJIbHbIX H Tpy.n;OBbIX 3aTpaT Ha ee 3KcnnyaTaIJ,HIO. TIpeJK.[J;e Beero
3TO CB.H3aHO C HaJIH'IHeM 60nbllIoro KOnH'IeCTBa pene (60nee 100 pene Ha O.n;HY CTpenKY), KOTopbIe
B PTY nO.ABepraIOTC.H npOBepKe nepe.u BBO.uOM B .n;eMCTBHe IJ,eHTpaJIH3aIJ,IfH H nepHo.n;HIIecKoM npo-
BepKe H peMOHT}' B npOIJ,ecce ee 3KcrrnyaTaIJ,HH, a TaIOKe 06cny)I(HBaHHeM rrynbTa ynpaBneHH.H, Ta6-
no H MarHcrpaJIbHOM eeTH co BeeMH .n;ononHHTenbHbIMH 3neMeHTaMH (KpOCCOM, Ka6enbHbIMH MY<P-
TaMH H .ApyrHM 060py.n;oBaHHeM).
B KOMIIbIOTepHbIX CHCTeMax IJ,eHTpaJIH3aIJ,IfH 3anpe:w;eHHbIe .n;eMCTBIDI 06CJIY)I(HBaIO:w;ero rrepco-
HaJIa, npHBo.n;.HIIJ;lfe K HapyrneHHIO Tpe60BaHHM no 06ecneIIeHlfIO 6e30nacHoCTH .n;BH)I(eHIf.H noe3-
.n;OB, npaKTIfIIeCKH HeB03MO)I(HbI (KonIfIIeCTBo peneMHbIx 3neMeHTOB B HHX B .AeC.HTKH pa3 MeHbllIe
H, KpOMe Toro, ocy:w;eCTBn.HeTC.H norHIIeCKHM KOHTpOJTh HX pa60ThI). ,n:eMCTBIf.H ,n:CTI H 06cnY)I(HBa-
IO:w;ero nepCOHaJIa npOTOKOJlllp}'IOTC.H H XpaH.HTC.H B naM.HTH B TeIIeHlfe 3a,n:aHHoro nepHo.n;a BpeMe-
HH. 3KcrrnyaTaIJ,HOHHa.H Ha.n;e)I(HOCTb IJ,eHTpaJIH3aIJ,HH KOMIThIOTepHOro THna nOBbIllIaeTC.H 3a CIIeT
HCnOJTh30BaHH.H B03MO)I(HOCTeM 3neKTpOHHblX TeXHonorHM If opraHH3aIJ,IfH 100% rOp.HIIero pe3epBa
OCHOBHbIX COCTaBHbIX ee 3neMeHTOB. Ka6enbHoe coe.n;HHeHHe IJ,eHTpaJIbHoro npoIJ,eccopa H 06'beK-
THbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB BbIIIOnH.HeTC.H no KOnbIJ,eBOM cxeMe C HcnOnb30BaHHeM BonOKOHHO-OIITW:lec-
KOro Ka6eilll. TIpH TaKoM cxeMe coe.n;HHeHIDI 06PbIB Ka6eilll B O.AHOM MecTe He npIfBO){IfT K OTKa3Y
IJ,eHTpaJIH3aIJ,HH. I1cnOnb30BaHHe BonOKOHHo-onTHIIeCKoro Ka6eilll HCKJIIOIIaeT 3neKTpOMarHHTHbIe
118

9752
2438
CeKQHH 1 (MII) CeKQHSI 2 (MP)
I
'" I '"
N I v
v 
N
M M
N V
N N
N V
- 
N

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1

ID
..-
..-
1.0
KOMnneKC 3Q-TM5.1
BBO.D.
Ka6eneH CQE
CneQml>HKaQHSI 060PY.D.OBaHHSI
n03. HaHMeHOBaHHe KOJI.
CeKHJI 1 (MII)
4 lllKa4J JJ.JIJI aYJIJITOPHOH 1
6aTaneH 24 B 00 A'I
5 WHT BbIKJJlOlJeHHJI nHTaHHJI lllBIIY-l I
6 naHeJlb BBOJJ,HaJI nB2-3U 1
7 naHeJI;CnpeAeJIHTeJIbHaJI I
I1P2-3 5n
CeKHJI 2 (MP)
1 CTamB peJIeHHbIH CPKMY -2500 6
2 l- TarnB 1>e_eiffW-fiJJO'IHblH 3
CeKHJI 3 (MP)
1 CTaTHB peneHHblH CPKMY-2500 6
8 lllKam KTC YK 1
CeKnHJI 4 (MP)
1 APM-lllH 1
CeKHJI 5 (MPK)
3 CTaTHB KpOCCOBbIH CKKMY -75 2
PHC. 2.34. nnaH pacnOnO)KeHHH TeXHOnOrH'.IeCKOrO 060PyoBaHHSl3U.-MnK
'"
'"
v
'"

BnHSIHHSI OT KOHTaKTHOll ceTH, a OTCYTCTBHe B HeM MenUUIH:qeCKHX 3neMeHTOB 06eCneqHBaeT 3a-
IIWTY l..{eHTpanH3aI.1 H H OT B03rOpaHH:SI Ka6enbHOll MarHCTpanH B cnyqae ee COe.AHHeHH:SI C TSIrOBOll
3neKTpOCeThIO. HanHqHe CHCTeMbI .n;HarHOCTHKH n03BonSIeT BbISIBnSITb IIpe.uOTKa3HOe COCTOSIHHe
3neMeHTOB u;eHTpanH3aU;HH H KOHTpOJillpOBaTb Bce OTKa3bI C BbIBO.AOM H:X Ha 3KpaH pa60qero MeCTa
3neKTpOMeXaHHKa.
Cne.n;YeT HMeTb B BH.LJ:Y H npeHM)'IIJ;eCTBa, npe.n;OCTaBnSIeMbIe u;eHTpa.Jlli3aU;Hell KOMIIblOTepHoro
rnrra npH BHe.n:peHH:H H:H<popMaU;HOHHbIX TeXHonorHll B nepeB030qHbIll npou;ecc H yrrpaBneHHe pa-
60TOll CTpYKTYpHbIX no.n;pa3.n;eneHH:ll >Kene3Ho.uopO>KHOro TpaHcnopTa. D:eHTpanH3a1..{IDI KOMnblO-
repHoro rnrra cnY>KHT y.n;06HbIM CBSI3}'1OIIJ;HM 3BeHOM Me>K,Z:J;Y nepBWlHbIMH HCTOqHH:KaMH nonyqe-
HIDI HH<pOpMaI.1HH (nO.ABH:>KHbIM COCTaBOM, 06'beKTaMH CD:E H .n;p.) H CHCTeMaMH yrrpaBneHH:SI nepe-
B030qHbIM npou;eCCOM 60nee BbICOKoro ypOBIDI H n03BOnSIeT .n;OBonbHO npoCTbIM cnoc060M ocyrn:e-
CTBHTb HX YBSI3KY 6e3 .n;onOnHH:TenbHbIX Ha.n:CTpoeK, qTO HeB03MO>KHO nonyqlITb npH H:CnOnb30Ba-
HHH 3D penellHoro THna.
Pa60TbI no a.n:anmU;HH H BHe.n;peHHIO MH:KpOnOpou;eccopHoll CHCTeMbI 3D: «Ebilock-950» Ha
>Kene3HbIX .Aoporax POCCH:H 6billH OpraHH:30BaHbI ,n:enapTaMeHToM CD:E. TIepBbIM rnaroM npoeKTH-
pOBaHIDI CTana pa3pa60TKa 0.n;H03HaqHbIX TepMHHOB,WISI 0603HaqeHlliI Bcex <PYHKU;Hll H 3neMeHTOB
YCTpOllCTB CD:E. 11ToroM 3TOll pa60ThI CTaJI cneU;HanbHbIll .n;OK}'MeHT «USER CASE», r.ue B Ha-
rmI,[(HOll <popMe Ha PYCCKOM H aHrnHllCKOM SI3bIKax 6billH H:3JIO>KeHbI ycnOBH:SI pa60TbI, B3aH:M03aBH-
CHMOcrn H <PYHKU;HOHaJIbHbIe B03MO>KHOcrn CHCTeMbI MTID: B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHH:SIMH yr-
Bep>K,Z:J;eHHoro TeXHHqecKoro 3a.n:aHH:SI. 3a OCHOBY <PYHKU;HoHHpOBaHH:SI MHKponpou;eccopHoll u;eHT-
panH3aU;1I:H pa3pa60'PIH:KaMH: 6bill B3SIT anrOpH:TM pa60TbI peneillioll u;eHTpanH3aU;H:H, BbIIIonHeH-
HOll no anb60MY 3D:-12-90.
B 3TOT .n;OK)'MeHT BornnH Cne.AYIOIIJ;He pa3.n;enbI: 3aMbIKaHHe H 60KoBaSl 3aIIJ;HTa nOe3.AHOrO Map-
rnpYTa; CHrHanbHbIe nOKa3aHHSI; npHrnacHTenbHbIll CHrHan; CTpenKH; 3aMbIKaHHe H pa3MbIKaHH:e
MaHeBpoBbIx MaprnpYToB; aBT06noKHpoBKa; nepee3.n;; KO.AHpOBaHHe penbCOBbIX u;enell H .Ap.
,n:eTanbHbIll aHanH3 TeXHHqeCKOrO 3a.n:aHH:SI BbISIBillI CYIIJ;eCTBeHHbIe pa3JIHQH:SI B no.n;xo.n;e K pe-
rneHHIO 3a.n;aQ no pa3pa60TKe CHCTeM u;eHTpa.Jlli3aU;HH Ha >Kene3HbIX .n;oporax POCCHH H CTpaH 3a-
na.n:Holl EBpOIIbI. 3T0 nOTpe60Bano nepepa60TKH IIporpaMMHoro 06ecneQeHIDI u;eHTpanbHoro npo-
l..{eCCopa, BbIIIOnHSlIOIIJ;erO nOrHQeCKH:e 3aBHCHMOCTH u;eHTpanH3au;HH, a TaIOKe C03.AaHHSI 06'beKT-
HbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB HOBoro nOKoneHHSI, clloc06HbIX y.n;oBneTBOpH:Tb nOCTaBneHHbIe Tpe60BaHH:SI.
Ha pHC. 2.35 npHBe.AeHbI npHMepbI 3anOJIHeHH:SI Ta6nHU; B «USER CASE». 3aronoBKH Ha PHCYH-
Kax COOTBeTCTB}'IOT pa3.n;enaM YTBep>K,Z:J;eHHOrO TeXHH:QeCKOrO 3a.n:aHH:SI Ha CHCTeMY MTID. BbIpa>Ke-
HHe «CmaHl1Wl HaxooumCR 6 UCXOOHOM cocmORHUW> 03HaQaeT, QTO Bce nyrH, ceKU;HH CB060.n;HbI H
He 3aMKHyrbI, MaprnpyrbI He 3a.n;aHbI, crpenKH HMelOT KOHTpOJIb nOnO>KeHlliI, CBeTO<pOpbI 3aKpbIThI.
B rpa<pe «HallaJlbHOe cocmORHue» YKa3bIBaIOTCSI pa3JIWlHbIe COCTOSIHIDI HanonbHbIX YCTpOllCTB u;eH-
TpanH3al..{HH (crpenOK, CBeTO<pOpOB H penbCOBbIX u;enell). B rpa<pe «Co6blmue» YKa3aHbI.uellCTBIDI
,n:CTI. B rpacl>e «O:>ICUOae.MbIU pe3Yllbmam» YKa3bIBaeTCSI C06bITHe, KOTopoe .n;on)KHO npoH30iiTH nocne
KOMaH):{bI ,n:CTI. HanpHMep, IIPH .AaQe ,n:CTI KOMaH.AbI Ha YCTaHOBKY Maprnpyra npHeMa 110
cHrHany q .n;o CHrHana q2 npOHcxo.n;HT 3aMbIKaHHe Maprnpyra H OTKpbITHe Bxo.n;Horo CBeTo<popa Ha
O):{HH >KenThIll orOHb npH ycnoBHH, QTO CTaHI.1IDI HaXO.AHTCSI B HCXO.AHOM COCTOSlHHH (co6nlO.AeHbI
Bce ycnoBIDI ,WISl3aMbIKaHHSI Maprnpyra). ,n:anee nOKa3aHbI npH:MepbI, illIJIIOCTImp}'lOIIJ;He, QTO .n;on-
>KHO npOHcxo.uHTb npH YCTaHOBKe MaprnpyroB npH pa3JillQHbIX COCTOSIHIDIX ceKU;Hll, crpenOK, CBe-
TO<pOPOB.
B 3apy6e>KHbIX <pHpMax, 3aHHMalOIIJ;HXCSI CHCTeMaMH CD:E, CYIIJ;eCTBYIOT e.AHHbIe >KeCTKHe npa-
BHJIa pa3pa60TKH TeXHHQeCKOll .uOK)'MeHTaU;HH KaK ,WISI HOBbIX npoeKTOB, TaK H ,WISI npoeKTOB MO-
.AepHH:3aU;HH OT.n;enbHbIX YCTPOllCTB. TIpH pa3pa60TKe npoeKTa CHaQana .n;enaeTCSI ero onHcaHHe.
3aTeM BbIIIonHSlIOTCSI: CHCTeMHbIll aHanH3, .n;H3ailli, no.n;rOTOBKa nporpaMM H BbI60p arrnapaTHbIX
cpe.n;CTB,HHTerpaI..{IDI,CHCTeMHoeTecrnpoBaHHe,rrrraHHpOBaHHenpOBepOK,nnaHH:pOBaHHeMOHTa-
>Ka H rrpOH3BO.ACTBa, no.n;rOTOBKa HH<popMaIJ;lfOHHOll .AOK)'MeHTaIJ;HH H: PYKOBo.n;CTBa nonb30BaHHeM,
BHYTpeHHIDI npHeMKa, npOBepKa H aTTecTal..{IDI, <pHHanbHaSl npHeMKa H nepe.n;aQa 3aKa3QHKY. Pa3.n;e-
nbI npoeKTa co.n;ep>KaT nO.Apa3.n;enbI,.LLJUI KIDK,Uoro H3 KOTOpbIX onpe.n;eneHbI U;eJIlI, Tpe60BaHHSI, .n;eSl-
120
01:

YcraHoBKa nOe3,QHoro MapIllpYTa
IToe3,QHOH MapIllpYT npl1eMa
HaqanbHOe
COCTOJlHl1e
C06LITI1e
O)!(I1,QaeMbIH pe3ynbTaT
CTaHL\I1J1
HaXO.ID\TCJI
B I1CXO,QHOM
COCTOJlHI1I1
KOMaH,D;a .z:\JIJI
YCTaHOBKI1 noe3,QHoro
MapIllpYTa OT CBeTo4Jopa
4 ,QO 42 ,QaHa
,Qe)!(ypHbIM no
CTaHL\1111 YTIM 4 11 q2
TIoe3,QHOH MapIIIpYT OT CBeTo4Jopa 4 }l0 CBeTo4Jopa 42 3aMKHYT. CBeT04Jop 4 OTKpbIT.
H4
nn
4n
q21-OOO
K
K
H2
Qll-OOO
lcn
TIYTb 3aHJlT
HaqanbHOe C06bITI1e O)!(H,D;aeMbIM pe3ynbTaT
COCTOJlHl1e
ITYTb II IT KOMaH,D;a .z:\JIJI IToe3,QHoH MapIllpYT OT CBeTo4Jopa 4 AO CBeTo4Jopa 42 He 3aMKHYT. CBeT04JOP q 3aKpbIT.
3aHJlT ycraHoBKI1 nOe3}lHoro
MapIllpYTa OT CBeT04Jopa -- - --. K
4AO 42 }laHa ;t 2 cn I 8cn ooa H2 nn
}lex<ypHbIM no I qn I "' . I ---
CTaHL\1111 YITM 4 11 42 q 1-000 M2t:X> H4 Q21-OOO
K c --- K
CeKL\I1J1 3aHJlTa
HaqanbHOe O)!(I1AaeMbIH pe3ynbTaT
COCTOJlHl1e C06bITI1e
CeKL\l1J1 2CIT KOMaH}la .z:\JIJI IToe3,QHoH MapIllpYT OT CBeTo4Jopa 4 AO CBeTo4Jopa 42 He 3aMKHYT. CBeT04Jop 11 3aKpLIT.
3aHJlTa
YCTaHOBKI1 nOe3}lHoro
MapIllpyra OT CBeT04Jopa -- ---. K
11 AO 42 AaHa ;t 2 cn I 8cn ooa H2 nn
}lex<ypHbIM no I Qn I  . I ---
craHL\1111 ynM 4 11 42 Q 1-000 M2t:X> H4 Q21-OOO
K c --- K
-
N
PHC. 2.35. npHMepbI 3anonHeHHSI Ta6nHQ B «USER CASE»

TenbHOCTb, pe3ynbTaTbI, 0630P, cpOKM. Cyrn:eCTBYIOT TaK)I(e crpora5.! CMCTeMa Be.AeHM5.! M yqeTa BeeH:
.AOK)'MeHTaQHM M CHCTeMa PYKOBO.D.CTBa npoeKTOM. Bee 3TO n03BOnHeT BbIIIOnH5.!Tb BeCb 06'beM pa-
60T C BbICOKMM KaqeCTBOM. rrpM 3TOM BbI,lJ,aeTC5.! .AoKYMeHTaQH5.! 3HaqHTenbHO 60nbllIero 06'beMa,
qeM npMH5.!TO B HallIeH: crpaHe. B .AOKYMeHTaQMM CO.Aep)l(HTCH nO.Ap06HOe OIIHcaHMe Beex 3TaIIOB
pa3pa60TKM CMCTeMbI, qTO Y.A06HO 3KcrmyaTaQHOHHoMY llITaT)'.
B HallIeH: crpaHe MCTOpMqeCKH cnO)l(HJIOCb TaK, qTO CHCTeMbI Cll.E pa3pa6aTbIBaJIHCb M cOBep-
rneHCTBOBaJIMCb C Mcnonb30BaHMeM MeHee Ha,lJ,e)l(HbIX 3neMeHTOB. Bee ycoBepllIeHCTBOBaHH5.! B CMC-
TeMax 3ll. 6bUlM HanpaBneHbI, KaK npaBHJIO, He Ha ycrpaHeHHe nepBOnpMqMHbI OTKa30B, aHa YMeHb-
llIeHMe HX nOCne.D.CTBMH: (COKparn:eHMe BpeMeHH 3a,lJ,ep)l(KM nOe3,lJ,OB), 3TO npMBenO K 3HaqMTenbHOMY
ycno)l(HeHHIO M Y.Aopo)l(aHHIO ycrpOH:CTB.
TaKHMM Harml,lJ,HbIMH npMMepaMM 5.!BJUlIOTCH: pa3pa60TKH penbCOBbIX QeneH:)UIH yqaCTKoB C HH3-
KMM conpOTMBneHMeM 6aJInaCTa; CnO)l(Hble .D.MarnOCTMqeCKMe CMCTeMbI,WIH ycrpOH:CTB aBT06nOKM-
pOBKM; 3HaqMTenbHoe YBenMqeHMe qMCna pene Ha O.AHY CTpenKY B cMcTeMax 3ll.; CnO)l(Hble M rpo-
M03.D.KMe ycrpOH:CTBa 3neKTponMTaHMH; MHO)l(eCTBO pernaMeHTIlpYlOll{MX MHcrpYKQMH:.
,[LruI a.aarrTaQHH CMCTeMbI Mrrll. «Ebilock-950» K ycnOBM5.!M pOCCMH.CKHX )l(ene3HbIX .Aopor 6bUlM
npmrnTbI cne.AYlOll{Me pellIeHH5.!: OTKa3aTbCH OT npMHIUma BbIKlllOqeHH5.! ycrpOH:CTB C coxpaHeHMeM
nonb30BaHM5.! CMrHaJIaMM; 3aMbIKaTb nOe3lJ,HOH: MapllIpyr 06bIqHbIMM KOMaH,lJ,aMM TonbKO npM BbI-
nonHeHHH Beex He06xo.D.HMbIX ycnOBMH. )UI5.! 06eCneQeHM5.! 6e30naCHOCTM ):{BM)I(eHH5.! (cB060.D.HOcrn
n)'TM, He3aMKHyroCTM eeKQHH: no BeeH: Tpacce MapllIpyra, KOHTpOJUl nOnO)l(eHH5.! XO.AOBbIX M oxpaH-
HbIX crpenOK, OTCyrCTBMH nonyrHO HecoBMeCTIlMbIX MaHeBpOBbIX MapllIpyroB M .Ap.). ,l],ononHH-
TenbHO B npoeKT 6bUlH BBe.AeHbI <PYHKIUfM 6nOKMpOBOK crpenOK, CBeTO<PoPOB, eeKIUfH: M nyreH: (aHa-
nornQHO «KpaCHOMY IIIHT)'»).
B COCTaB CMCTeMbI Mrrll. «Ebilock-950» BXO.D.5.!T cne.AYIOIl{Me OCHOBHble YCTpOH:CTBa:
- yrrpaBneHM5.! M KOHTponH COCTOHHM5.! 06'beKTOB yrrpaBneHM5.! (aemOMamU3upoeaHHble pa6o'lue
Mecma ,l],Crr, ::meKTpOMeXaHMKa, onepaTopa nYHKTa TeXHMQecKoro 06cnY)l(MBaHMH BarOHOB, onepa-
Topa MeCTHoro yrrpaBneHM5.! CTpenKaMM);
- 06pa60TKM 3aBMCMMOCTeH: 3ll. (lleHmpaJlbHoe npolleccopHoe ycmpoucmeo);
- 06'beKTHble KOHTponnepbI C BCTpoeHHbIMM ycrpOH:CTBaMH KOHTpOJUl conpOTHBneHH5.! H30n5.!IUfM
MOHTa)l(a (UHmeprjJeucHble ycmpoucmea K HanonbHbIM 06'beKTaM Cll.E);
- KOHueHTpaTopbI MH<popMaQMM 0 COCT05.!HMM yrrpaBnHeMbIX 06'beKTOB M TpaHCn5.!QMM KOMaH,lJ,
Ha H3MeHeHMe MX nonO)l(eHMH, 06'be.D.MHHeMble Me)l(,lJ,y C060H: M C QeHTpaJIbHbIM npOQeCCOpHbIM
YCTpOH:CTBOM C nOMOll{blO neTenb CB5.!3M;
- .AMarnOCTMKM, n03BonHIOIIIMe nOKaJIM30BaTb OTKa3bI KOMrmeKT)'101l{MX ::meMeHTOB CMCTeMbI.AO
OT.AeJlbHOH: neQaTHOH: rmaTbI;
- ynpaBnHeMble M KOHTponMpyeMble 06'beKTbI Cll.E (cmpeJlO'lHble 3JleKmpOnpueo()bl, ceemorjJo-
pbl, peJlbCOeble llenu, nepee3()bl U ()p.);
- C1aTHBbI C peneH:HbIM 060pY.AOBaHHeM, reHepaTopaMH M npMeMHHKaMH pellbCOBbIX QeneH:, TpaHC-
<popMaTopaMH M .Ap.;
- ycrpOH:CTBa 3neKTponMTaHMH (nepeU'lHble U emOpU'lHble MCTOQHMKM nMTaHM5.!);
- YCTpOH:CTBa 3all{MTbI (3a3eMJleHUR, pa3pR()HUKU, npe()oxpaHUmeJlU, ycmpoucmea KOHmpOJlR CO-
npOmUeJleHUR U30JlRllUU MOHma:JICa);
- Ka6enbHble ceTM OT 06'beKTHbIX KOHTponnepOB K HanonbHbIM ycrpOH:CTBaM Cll.E.
CTPYKT)'pHa5.! cxeMa CMCTeMbI «Ebilock-950» npMBe.AeHa Ha pMC. 2.36. 5I.n.POM 3TOH: CMCTeMbI
Mrrll. HBJUleTCH l,JeHmpaJlbHblU npolleccopHblU MO()YJlb, B KOTOpOM OCHOBHOH: M pe3epBHbIH: KOMnbIO-
TepbI 6e30naCHbIM cnoc060M oCYll{eCTBnmoT Bee B3aMM03aBMCMMOCTM, npMH5.!Tble B CMCTeMax 3ll..
3TOT MO.Aynb TaK)I(e ocyrn:eCTBJUleT B3aMMo,i{eH:CTBMe C CMCTeMaMM ynpromeHMH M Ha6nlO.D.eHM5.! (c
APM ,l],Crr M APM 1lIH) M CHCTeMOH: 06'beKTHbIX KOHTponnepOB, Henocpe.ACTBeHHO yrrpaBnHlO1l{MX
3neKTpOnpMBO.AaMM crpenOK, CBeTO<popaMM, MHTep«t>eH:CHbIMM pene. Qepe3 3TH pene nepe.AaeTCH
MH<popMaQM5.! 0 COCTOHHMM penbCOBbIX QeneH: M Beex CMCTeM, )'BIDaHHbIX C KOMnbIOTepHOH: QeHTpa-
nM3aQMeH:, a TaIOKe COcrOHHIDI CMCTeMbI CBH3M 06'beKTHbIX KOHTponnepOB C QeHTpaJIbHbIM KOMnbIO-
TepOM M CMCTeMbI 3neKTpOnHTaHM5.!.
122


.
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APM ,l],CII
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Mo.n;eM
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APM lllH
IIeTnJl
CBJl311 1
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APM
onepaTOpa nOCTa
MecTHoro ynpaBneHIIJI
K coce.n;Heii CllCTeMe
lllKacp OK
Ebi10ck 950
06'beKTHble
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CBeTOcpOp CTpenKa IIepee3.I\
06'beKTbI CTaHL{1I1I II neperoHa
PHC. 2.36. CTpYKTYPHafl cxeMa MI1IJ, «Ebilock-950»
Ee30naCHOCTb ,UBH:>KeHH5I noe3,UOB 06ecneqHBaerC5I cnel{lfaJIbHOM BCTpoeHHoM cHCTeMoM ,UHarHO-
CTlIKH 3a cqer BbUlBJIeHH5I OTKa30B, npH KOTOpbIX CHCTeMa npHXo):{MT B «3arn;HTHOe» cOCTomm:e, H
BbIIIOJIHeHHeM HOpM EBponeMcKoro KOMHTeTa no CTaH.LJ:apTH3al{HH B 06JIaCTlI 3JIeKTpOTexHHKH
(CENELEC), a TaIOKe HCnOJIb30BaHHeM CHCTeMHbIX H nporpaMMHbIX npmII.(HnOB npH ee pa3pa60TKe.
CucmeMHblu npuHl.Jun onpe.AeJI5Ier 3a,UaHHbIM ypoBeHb 6e30nacHoCTH H cnoc06 ero 06ecneqe-
HH5I, 3anurry OT CHCTeMaTHQecKHx H CJIyqaMHblx onm60K, .AHBepcmlmKal{Hlo nporpaMMHpOBaHH5I.
llp UH I1 Un 6e30nacHo2o nocmpoeHlm 3aKJIIOQaerC5I B HCnOJIb30BaHHH .ABYX npol{eCCOpOB, pa60Ta-
IOI.I.(HX C ,UHBepcmlml{lfpoBaHHbIMH nporpaMMaMH; ,UBoMHoro TaMMepa yrrpaBJIeHH5I naM5ITbIO; HHCT-
PYKl{lfOHHbIX TeCTOB 3all.(HTbI OT nOMex; KOHTpOJIbHbIX 3arrycKoB H nepe3arrycKoB KOMnbIOTepHoro
060PY.AOBaHH5I.
llp02paMMHbiU npUHl1un nO.Apa3YMeBaeT HCnOJIb30BaHHe 3arn;Hrn;eHHblx nporpaMM, npoBepKY
BpeMeHH, KOHTpOJIb BepcHH nporpaMM, 6e30nacHYIO nepe.AaQY HH<p0pMal{HH, CHHxpOHH3al{HIO H
cpaBHeHHe .AaHHbIX, a TaK)I(e HCnOJIb30BaHHe JIOrHKH THnOBbIX aJIb60MOB peJIeMHbIX CHCTeM 3ll.
,UJI5I pOCCHMCKHX )l(eJIe3HbIX ,Uopor.
IJ:eHTpaJIbHbIH npou.eccopHbIH MO.AYJIb (CM. pHC. 2.36) nOJIYQaeT KOMaH):{bI OT CHCTeMbI yrrpaB-
JIeHH5I H KOHTpollil, a HH<PopMal{HIO 0 TeKyrn;eM COCT05IHHH 06'beKTOB CTaHl{HH - OT CHCTeMbI 06'beK-
THbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB. Pe3YJIbTaTbI BbIQHCJIeHHM B BH,IJ,e npHKa30B, a TaIOKe pe3YJIbTaTbI H3MeHeHlrn
COCT05IHHM HanOJIbHbIX 06'beKTOB nOCbUIaIOTC5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO B CHCTeMY 06'beKTHblx KOHTpOJIJIe-
pOB H CHCTeMY yrrpaBJIeHIDI H KOHTpOJUl. CB5I3b C 06'beKTHbIMH KOHTpOJIJIepaMH pea1IH30BaHa nYTeM
123

nOCne.AOBaTenbHoro onpoca qepe3 .AB)'XHanpaBJIeHHbIH KaH£UI nepe.AaIJH. 06'beKTHbIe KOHTponnepbI
CB5I3aHbI C mnrneH nepe.AaIJH qepe3 KOHl.{eHTpaTopbI CB5I3M.
HenOCpe.ACTBeHHO CB5I3b l.{eHTpanbHoro KOMnblOTepa C 06'beKTHbIMM KOHTponnepaMH OCyuJ:eCTB-
lliIeTC5I no neTne CB5I3M (qeTbIpeXHanpaBneHHOM)' Ka6enlO) qepe3 MOL{eMbI H KOHl.{eHTpaTopbI. 3TO
n03BOllileT pa3Mell{aTb 06'beKTHbIe KOHTponnepbI B HenOCpe.ACTBeHHOH 6nM30CTM OT CTaHI..{MOHHbIX
06'beKTOB yrrpaBneHH5I, TeM caMbIM 3HaqHTenbHO YMeHbllIa51 paCXo.A Ka6en51 CU.E no cpaBHeHMIO C
pa3Mell{eHMeM ocero 060pY.AOBaHH5I Ha l.{eHTpanbHOM nocry, KOr.Aa He06xo.AHMO TmI)'Tb Ka6enb .AO
Ka)l(L{orO CBeTo<popa, KOHTaKTa :meKTponpMBO.Aa, 06MOTKH pene M T..A. npM 3TOM 06'beKT 06cnY)l(H-
BaHM5I (penbCOBa5lI.{enb, 3neKTponpMBOL{, CBeTO<pOp) HaxOL{MTC5I B Henocpe.ACTBeHHOH 6nH30crn OT
CMCTeMbI yrrpaBneHM5I M KOHTpOllil, qTO MO)l(eT 06nerqHTb nOMCK nOBpe)l(L{eHMH M pernaMeHTHoe
06crr)')KHBaHMe. PellIeHMe no pa3Mell{eHMIO 060pY.AOBaHM5I 3aBMCMT OT MeCTHbIX ycnoBMH H Tpe60-
BaHHH 3aKa3QMKa. CMCTeMa CB5I3M nocrpoeHa TaKHM 06Pa30M, QTO npM 06pbIBe Ka6ellil B OL{HOM
MeCTe HH<popMaI.{H5I npO.Aon)l(aeT nocryrraTb Ha Ka)l(L{bIH KOHl.{eHTpaTOp C pa3HbIX HanpaImeHHH.
06'beKTHbIe KOHTponnepbI CHCTeMbI «Ebilock-950» MCnOJIb3)'1OT OTeQecrneHHbIe 06'beKTbI yrrpaB-
neHIDI H KOHTpOllil (pe.rrbcoBbIe l.{eIIH, CBeTO<pOpbI, 3neKTpOnpMBO,UbI, pene) M .AaIOT B03MO)l(JfOCTb ocy-
ll{eCTBJUITb }'BSI3KH co BceMH cy:r.u;ecTB)'IOll.{MMH CHCTeMaMH aBT06nOKHpOBKH, nepee3D:HOH CHrnanH3a-
l{IDI, KO.A M pOBaHM5I penbCOBbIX l.{eneH, CAYT H .ApyrMMM CMCTeMaMM. B CMCTeMe «Ebilock-950»
MCnOJIb3YeTC5I MOlI.{HbIH MCTOQHMK 6ecnepe60iiHoro IIHTaHIDI C Heo6cn)')KH:BaeMoH 6arnpeeH, OT KOTO-
poro opraHH3YeTC5I nHTaHHe KaK 3neKTpOHHbIX ycrpOHCTB, TaK M penbCOBbIX l.{eneH, 3neKTponpMBO-
.AOB, CBeTO<pOPOB, pene. KpOMe 3Toro, B CHCTeMe npMMeIDleTC5I Cnel{MaJIbHa51 arrrrapaTYPa 3al.l{HTbI OT
MCTOQHHKOB nOMex C mnnrn, a npaBIDIa 3a3eMJIeHIDI ycrpOHCTB HMelOT HeKOTopbIe OTJIWlIDI.
YnpaBJIeHHe MilD: OCyuJ:eCTBlliIeTC5I C aBTOMaTH3MpOBaHHoro pa60Qero MeCTa .Ae)l(ypHoro no
CTaHIurn (APM ,n:Cll), C03L{aHHoro Ha 6a3e npOMbInmeHHOH 3BM. Or ,n:cn B CMCTeMY Mnu. no-
cryrralOT yrrpaBn5lIOll.{Me KOMaH,lJ;bI (HanpHMep, OTMeHbI IDIH YCTaHOBKH MapllIpyra), a M3 CHCTeMbI
Ha APM ,n:cn HJJ:eT HH.IJ:HKaI.{H5I - BH3yanbHoe npe.ACTaBneHHe C06bITHH Ha CTaHI.{HM. KOMaH,lJ;bI
,n:cn, npHKa3bI l.{eHTpanbHoro KOMnblOTepa, COCTomme 06'beKTOB, anapMbI (co06meHH5I 0 HeMcn-
paBHOCT5IX) aBTOMaTMQeCKM perHcrpMp)'lOTC5I B )l(ypHane C06bITHH H MOryr 6bITb paCneQaTaHbI Ha
npMHTepe. nepe.A rryCKOM CMCTeMbI npOBOL{HTC5I TeCTOBa51 npOBepKa npaBIDIbHOCTH nO)U(JllOQeHH5I
Bcero HanonbHoro 060pY.AOBaHIDI.
Ha TepMMHan 3neKTpOMexaHMKa nocTynaeT MH<popMaI.{M5I 0 pa3nMQHbIX HeMcnpaBHOCT5IX B
CMCTeMe, HanpHMep, 06PbIB neTnM CB5I3M MnM neperopaHMe naMnbI CBeTo<popa. 3neKTpOMexa-
HMK ,lIaeT QMCTO TeXHMQeCKMe KOMaH.AbI, CB5I3aHHbIe C <PYHKI.{MOHMpOBaHMeM CHCTeMbI, M aHa-
nmMpyeT npOTOKonbI .AeHCTBMH .n:cn M pa60TbI l.{eHTpanM3a1.{MM.
)],.mI HenOCpe,lICTBeHHoro yrrpaBneHM5I CTaHI.{HOHHbIMM 06'beKTaMH (crpenKaMH, CBeTo<popaMM M
T.,lI.) CJIY)l(HT CMCTeMa 06'beKTHbIX KOHTponnepOB (COK), 5IBJI5IlOll{a5lC5I QaCTblO CMCTeMbI Mnu..
CMCTeMa COK OCyuJ:ecrnllileT B3aHMO.AeHCTBMe Me)l(L{y KOMnbIOTepHOH QaCTblO l.{eHTpa.JIH3al{MH C
peJIeHHbIMH ycrpoHCTBaMH M HanOJIbHbIM 060pY.AOBaHMeM. 06'beKTHbIe KOHTpOnnepbI MOHTHp)'lOT-
C5I B Cnel{ManbHbIX llIKa<pax.
KOMnblOmep l{enmpaJIU3al{UU. CTPYKTYPHa51 cxeMa pa60TbI KOMnblOTepa l.{eHTpanM3al.{MM
npMBe.AeHa Ha pMC. 2.37. npol.{eccop l.{eHTpanmal.{MM CO.Aep)l(MT ,lIBa CMHXpOHHO pa60TalOIl{MX
npol.{eCCOpHbIX 6JIOKa: O.AMH <PYHKI.{MOHMpyeT B pa60QeM pe)l(MMe (on-line), a .ApyroH - B pe-
3epBHOM (standby). Pe3epBHbIH 6JIOK He BJIM5IeT Ha <PYHKI.{MOHMpOBaHMe pa60Qero, HO K HeMY
HenpepbIBHo nocTynaeT HH<popMaI.{M5I co CTOpOHbI CMCTeMHoro nporpaMMHoro 06eCneQeHM5I 0
COCT05lHMH pa60Qero 6JtoKa. B cJIYQae c6051 pa60Qero 6JIOKa npol.{eccopa pe3epBHbIH 6epeT Ha
ce651 BCIO 06pa60TKY MH<p0pMaI.{MM. CepBMcHoe npol.{eCCOpHoe YCTPOHCTBO SPU BbIIIOJIH5IeT
Bce aCMHxpoHHbIe <PYHKI.{MM, HanpMMep, Onepal.{MM no BBO.Ay/BbIBO.AY .AaHHbIX M KOMaH,lI. KOM-
MYHMKaIJ:MOHHbIH 6JIOK (COU) opraHM3YeT COe.AMHeHMe npol.{eCCOpHoro 6JIOKa C APM ,n:cn M
C neTJI5IMM CB5I3M KOHl.{eHTpaTopoB. BHYTPM Ka)l(L{orO npol.{eCCOpHoro 6JIOKa (IPU) HaXO,lI5ITC5I
.ABa 060c06JIeHHbIX npOl.{eCCOpHbIX MO.AYJI5I FSP A M FSPB, peanM3YlOIl{MX C06CTBeHHbIe npo-
rpaMMbI A H B no npoBepKe Bcex 3aBMcMMoCTeH l.{eHTpanM3al.{MM napanJIeJIbHO C .ApyrnM. 06-
pa60TKa JIOrMKM l.{eHTpanM3al.{MM B MO.AYJIe SPU npOMCxo.AMT I.{MKJIQeCKM. Ha Ka)l(.AbIH I.{MKJI
124

TepMHHM
3neKTpOMexaHHKa
Pa60Qee MecTO
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CTaHQHH
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06pa60T'lHK
KOMaH.ZI.
H HH.ZI.HKaQHH
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KOMMYHHKaQml
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PHC. 2.37. CxeMa pa60TbI KOMnblOTepa ueHTpanH3aUHH «Ebilock-950»
OTBO.AHTCH npHMepHo 0,3 c. B TeqeHHe l(HKJIa npoHcxo.AHT cne.n.YlOlU He C06bITHH: nepBOHa-
qallbHO c06HpaeTcH HH<popMal(HH 0 COCTOHHHH Bcex CTaHl(HOHHbIX 06'beKTOB, 3aTeM nocne ee
06pa60TKH <POpMHPYIOTCH npHKa3bI .n.nH 06'beKTHbIx KOHTponnepoB; .AOnOnHHTenbHO HH<pOP-
Mal(HH nepe.AaerCH ,WIH HH,IJ;HKal(HH Ha .n.HcIUIeM ,n:CIl. Pe3ynbTaTbI 06pa60TKH H3 Mo.n.ynbHbIx
6nOKOB FSP A H FSPB cpaBHHBaIOTCH. Ilpol(ecc cpaBHeHHH npoHcxo.n.HT cne.AYlOlU HM 06pa30M:
6noK FSP A CqHTbIBaeT pe3ynbTaTbI pa60TbI «nporpaMMbI B» H3 6noKa FSPB; 6noK FSPB
CqHTbIBaer pe3ynbTaTbI pa60TbI «npOrpaMMbI A» H3 6noKa FSPA. EcnH pe3ynbTaTbI pa3nHqHbI,
TO .n.eMCTBHe CHCTeMbI npeKpalUaeTCH .AO YCTpaHeHHH HeHcnpaBHOCTH; ecnH O.n.HH H3 Mo.n.yneM
3aKOHqHT 06pa60TKY paHbllIe .n.pyroro, TO Ha BpeMH O)l(H,AaHHH OH nepeM.AeT B COCTOHHHe «OT-
CeqKH». MaKCHMallbHOe BpeMH cpa6aTbIBaHHH CHCTeMbI 1 c. 3TO BpeMH Me)l()J;y H3MeHeHHeM
COCTOHHHH CTaHl(HOHHoro 06'beKTa H BbJ):{aqeM npHKa3a Ha 06'beKTHbIM KOHTponnep. IlHTaHHe
YCTPOMCTB MilU. oCYlUecTBnHeTcH OT .ABYX He3aBHCHMbIX HCTOqHHKOB nHTaHHH nepBoM KaTe-
ropHH H pe3epBHoro CTal(HOHapHoro .n.H3enb-reHepaTopa.
PeaJIU3al{uR JlOZUKU l{ellmpaJIU3al{Uu. IlporpaMMa norHKH l(eHTpallH3al(HH npe.n.CTaBnHeT co-
60M KOMIUIeKC npaBlill yrrpaBneHHH Pa3JIHqHbIMH ycrpOMCTBaMH CU.E Ha OCHOBaHHH nonyqeHHOM C
non}! HH<pOPMal(HH H .AeMCTBHM .Ae)l(ypHoro no CTaHl(HH. 3TH npaBHJIa BKJIlOqalOT B ce6H TaK)I(e
<PYHKl(HH nepe.AaqH HH<popMal(HH .D.JUI oT06pa)l(eHHH COCTOHHHM HanonbHbIX 06'beKTOB Ha 3KPaH
MOHHTopa APM ,n:CIl. 3TH npaBlilla 6e30nacHbIM 06pa30M BbIIIonIDIIOTCH .AB)'MH npol(eCCOpHbIMH
Mo.n.ymIMH B l(eH1paJIbHOM KOMnblOTepe CHCTeMbI «Ebilock-950». Bcne.n.CTBHe Toro, <-{TO TaKHe npa-
BHJIa HBnHIOTCH HeOTbeMneMOM qaCTblO 06eCneqeHHH 6e30naCHoCTH .ABH)I(eHHH, oc060e BHHMaHHe
y.n.enHeTCH pa3pa60TKe 3THX npaBHJI H TeCTHpOBaHHIO.
B KaqeCTBe HCXO.AHbIX .n.aHHbIX 6billH HcnOnb30BaHbI Tpe60BaHHH K CHCTeMe, c<popMynHpoBaH-
HbIe B TeXHHqeCKOM 3a,L1,aHHH H allb60M THnOBbIX pellIeHHM 3 U. -12-90. CTpYKTYPHaH cxeMa 3TanOB
pa3pa60TKH CHCTeMbI «Ebilock-950»,WIH poccHMcmx )l(ene3HbIX .Aopor npHBe.AeHa Ha pHC. 2.38.
Ha nepBoM 3Tane pa3pa60TKH BbIHBnIDIHCb Pa3JlliqHH Me)l(.lJ.y peneMHbIMH cxeMaMH H Tpe60BaHHH-
MH 3aKa3qHKa. Tame OTnHqHH <popMynHpOBallHCb B nHCbMeHHOM BH,Ae co CCbillKaMH Ha THnOBbIe
pellIeHHH. 3m pa60m He Tpe60Balla 3HaHHM KOMnblOTepa Bo06lUe H KOMnblOTepHOM l(eHTpallH3a-
l(HH B qaCTHOCTH H BbIIIonHIDIaCb onbITHbIMH npoeKTHpoBlUHKaMH peneMHOM l(eHTpallH3al(HH.
125

Tpe60BaHHSI
Anb60M
npHHl.{HnHMbHbIX
cxeM 3D;
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qae MeXaHHqecmx nOBpe)l():{eHHM crpeJIOqHOrO nepeBo.Aa, npHBe.AllIHX K HeB03MO)l(HOCTH pa60-
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lJYf OTKJIIOqeHbI .lUI» coxpaHeHH» pa60Tocnoc06HOCTH OCTaJIbHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB crpeJIOqHbIX ne-
peBO,lIOB.
HeKOTopble THIIbI CTpeJIOK Tpe6)'1OT IIpHMeHeHIDI OT.AeJIbHbIX 3aMKOB, KOTopble MOryr KOHTpOJIH-
pOBaTbC» CHCTeMOM COK. 06blqHO Tame 3aMKH IIpe.ACTaBIDIIOT C060M 3JIeKTpOMaIIDITHble ycrpOM-
CTBa. YnpaBIDIIOw:ee B03,lIeMCTBHe.wrn TaKHX 3aMKOB npe.ACTaBlliIeT C060M ClITHaJI nocromrnoro TOKa,
reHepHpyeMbIM 6e30naCHbIM 06pa30M. COCTO»HHe TaKHX 3aMKOB MO)l(eT KOHTpOJIHpOBaTbC» cxe-
MOM, onpe.AeJUIIOw:eM cocrO»HHe CB060.LJ;HbIX KOlITaKTHbIX rpyrrrr.

o
N
N
X
M
be30naCHbIH
npepbmarenb
$n
DecKOHTaKTHbIH
K0MMYrnTOp
be30naCHbIH
KOMMYffiTOp
$n
YcrpoHCTBO
KOHTpOflSI
TOKa «pa3bI
6e3onaCHbIH KOMllapaTOp
r---,
I ABTOnepe- I
I KJIIOqareJIb I
I on I
I I
I
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L___...J
MOnb KOHTpOflSI nOnO)l(eHIDI CTpenKH
MOnb KOHTpOflSI H ynpaBneHHSl
PHC. 2.41. nnaTa ynpaBneHHfl CTpenOqHbIM =:meKTponpHBooM
130

)],.mI HeKOTOpbIX c.rryqaeB Tpe6YeTCH B03MO)l(HOCTb MeCTHOrO yrrpaBJIeHIDI crpe1IKOM. IlpH pa60Te
B TaKOM pe)l(HMe COCTOHHHe crpemm KOHTpOJIHpyeTcH U:KU:, HO yrrpaBJIeHHe eIO ocyweCTBJUIeTCSI
JIOKaJIbHO. MeCTHOe (JIOKaJIbHOe) yrrpmmeHHe crpeJIKaMH MO)l(eT 6b1Tb ocyweCTBJIeHO C nOMOll.l,bIO
COOTBeTCTBYIOll.I,ero Ha60pa 060PY.AOBaHIDI. OH COCTOHT H3 OWlOM HJIH .ABYX KHonOK JUUI nepeBo.n.a
crpeJIKH H JIaMn, HIUUUUfPYIOll.I,HX ee COCTOSIHHe npH 3TOM pe>KHMe pa60TbI.
CHCTeMa COK MO)l(eT 6b1Tb nepeKJIIOqeHa B pa3JIHqHbIe pe)l(HMbI yrrpaBJIeHHSI CTpeJIKOM (crpeJI-
KaMH). Ilepexo.A Ha MeCTHoe ynpaBJIeHHe crpeJIKOM BbIIIOJIHHeTCSI no KOMaH,Ae U:KU:. B pe)l(HMe
l{eHTpaJIbHOrO yrrpmmeHHSI crpeJIKa ynpaBJIHeTCH H KOHTpOJllipyeTcH U:KU:, a B pe)l(HMe MeCTHoro
ynpaBJIeHHSI crpeJIKa yrrpaBJUIeTCH npH nOMOll.l,H COOTBeTCTBYIOll.I,HX KHonOK, HO B TO )l(e BpeMSll{eH-
TpaJIbHbIM KOMnbIOTep KOHTpOJIHPYeT ee COCTOHHHe. B pe)l(HMe MeCTHoro yrrpaBJIeHHSI 06'beKTHbIM
KOHTpOJIJIep OTBepraeT Bee KOMaH,AbI OT U:KlJ, Ha nepeBO.A crpeJIKH, nOKa OHa He 6Y.AeT B03Bpall.l,eHa
Ha l{eHTpaJIbHOe yrrpaBJIeHHe. JIaMIIbI HH,AHKal{HH JIOKaJIbHOro ynpaBJIeHHH CTpeJIKOM pacnOJIara-
IOTCH COBMecTHO C .ApyrHM 060py.n.OBaHHeM MeCTHoro yrrpaBJIeHHSI H no.n.KJIIOqaIOTCH K COOTBeT-
CTBYIOll.I,HM BbIXO.AaM 06'beKTHOro KOHTpOJIJIepa H HH,AHl{HPYIOT COCTOHHHe crpeJIKH.
Pe)l(HM pe3epBHoro ynpaBJIeHHSI npe.n.CTaBJIHeT C060M Cnel{HaJIbHYIO pa3HOBH):{HOCTb pe)l(HMa
MeCTHoro ynpaBJIeHHSI. IlOJIHbIM Ha60p peaJIH3yeMbIx <PYHKl{HM 3aBHCHT OT KOHKpeTHbIX Tpe60-
BaHHM 3aKa3qHKa. I1JIJIIOCTpal{HeM 3Toro pe)l(HMa pa60TbI HBJISleTCSI pe)l(HM KJIIOqa pe3epBHoro
ynpaBJIeHHSI Ha yqaCTKe .AHCneTqepCKOro ynpaBJIeHHSI. Y CTaHOBKa Cnel{HaJIbHOrO KJIIOqa pe3epB-
Horo yrrpaBJIeHHSI npOBepSleTCH CHCTeMOM 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB. IlocJIe YCTaHOBKH pe3epB-
Horo KJIIOqa COK HH<POpMHPYeT U:KU: 0 HOBOM COCTOSlHHH 06'beKTa. IlocJIe npe.Aonpe.AeJIeHHOM
BpeMeHHOM 3a.n.ep)l(KH nOSIBJIHeTCSI B03MO)l(HOCTb ynpaBJIeHHH CTpeJIKOM aHaJIOrHqHO pe)l(HMY
MeCTHoro ynpaBJIeHHH. CTpeJIKa B pe)l(HM l{eHTpaJIbHOrO ynpaBJIeHHSI B03Bpall.l,aeTCH nOCJIe H3'bSl-
THSI KJIIOqa pe3epBHoro ynpaBJIeHHH H npOBepKH U:KU: KoppeKTHOCTH COCTOSIHHH CTpeJIOqHoro
nepeBO.Aa.
CTpeJIKa C pyqHbIM ynpaBJIeHHeM (6e3 3JIeKTpO.ABHraTeJISI) TaK)I(e MO)l(eT 6b1Tb nO.AKJIIOqeHa K
l{eHTpaJIH3al{HH. 06b1qHO TaKaSl CTpeJIKa 3anepTa Cnel{HaJIbHbIM 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIM ycrpOMCTBOM
C KJIIOqOM B onpe.n.eJIeHHOM nOJIO)l(eHHH H .AOJI)I(Ha 6b1Tb «OTKpbITa» )UIH nepeBo.n.a no Cnel{HaJIbHOM
KOMaH,Ae U:KI...(.
06'beKTHbIM KOHTpOJIJIep 6e30naCH020 660()a!6bl60()a 06ecneqHBaeT: ynpaBJIeHHe BbIXO.n.HbIM Ha-
npH)I(eHHeM; ynpaBJIeHHe peJIe nepBoro KJIaCca Ha.n.e)l(HOCTH; KOHTpOJIb COCTOSIHHSI KOHTaKTOB pe-
JIeMHbIX cxeM (3aMKHyr, pa30MKHyr, KopOTKoe 3aMbIKaHHe). THnHqHbIMH npHMepaMH HCnOJIb30Ba-
HHSI.n.aHHoro THna KOHTpOJIJIepOB SlBJISleTCH nOCTpoeHHe HHTep<peMCOB C TaKHMH peJIeMHbIMH YC-
TpOMCTBaMH, KaK CqerqHKH oceM, aBT06JIOKHpoBKa, nepee3.AHaSl CHrHaJIH3al{HH. C nOMOll.l,bIO KOH-
TpOJIJIepa 6e30naCHoro BBO.n.a/BbIBO.Aa OCYWeCTBJIHeTCH KOHTpOJIb 3a COCTOSIHHeM peJIbCOBbIX l{e-
neM, T. e. onpe.AeJIeHHe HX cB060.AHocrn/3aHSlTOCTH. B CJIyqae npOCJIe.AOBaHHH KOpOTKOM nO.ABIDK-
HOM e.n.HHHl{bI qepe3 KOpOTKyIO peJIbCOBYIO l{enb BBO.n.HTCH onpe.n;eJIeHHaSl BpeMeHHaSl 3a.n.ep)l(Ka Ha
H3MeHeHHe COCTOHHIDI peJIbCOBOM l{enH C 3aHSlToro Ha cB060.AHoe. .D.JISI npe.AOTBpall.l,eHHH He)l(e-
JIaTeJIbHOrO KpaTKOBpeMeHHoro H3MeHeHIDI COCTOHHIDI KOJITaKTOB «<,r:qJe6e3ra») MO:>KHO HCnOJIb30BaTh
orrpe.n.eneHHoe BpeMH .AHarHOCTHKH COCTOHHHSI KOHTaKTOB peJIe.
OCHOBHOM 3a.n.aqeM KOHTpOJIH COCTOHHHSI KOHTaKTOB HBJISleTCH .n.OCTOBepHoe onpe.AeJIeHHe CO-
CTOSlHHH pa3JIWIHOrO THna peJIeMHbIX HHTep<peMCOB H nO.A06HbIX YCTPOMCTB (crpeJIOK, KOHTaKTOB
peJIe, Cnel{HaJIbHbIX KJIIOqeM, KHonOK). 3Ta 3a.n.aqa MO)l(eT 6b1Tb pemeHa KaK)UISI 6e30naCHoro on-
pe.n.eJIeHHH COCTOSIHHSI KOHTaKTOB, TaK H JUUI CJIyqaeB HeOTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHJIO)l(eHHM, B 3aBHCHMO-
CTH OT pemaeMOM 3a,rJ,aqH.
06'beKTHbIM KOHTpOJIJIep HeOTBeTCTBeHHoro BBO.n.a/BbIBO.Aa 06ecneqHBaeT ynpaBJIeHHe BbIXO.n.-
HbIM HanpH)I(eHHeM .n.JIH cxeM H YCTPOMCTB, He npe.n.'bHBJIHIOll.I,HX Cnel{HaJIbHbIe Tpe60BaHHH no
6e30nacHOCTH. THnHqHbIMH npHMepaMH pa3JlliQHOrO npHMeHeHHSl3Toro THna KOHTpOJIJIepOB SlBJUI-
eTCH nOCTpoeHHe CHCTeM 060rpeBa H 06.n.YBa CTpeJIOK.
IIepe()alla UHrjJopMal(UU. B CBSI3H C TeM, QTO K 06MeHY HH<popMal{HeM Me)l()J;y l{eHTpaJIbHbIM
KOMIIbIOTepOM l{eHTpaJIH3al{HH U:KU: H CHCTeMOM 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB COK npe.A'bSIBJISIIOTCSI
BbICOKHe Tpe60BaHIDI no 6e30naCHOCTH, .AaHHbIe co06ll.1,eHHSI HMeIOT 60JIbllI)'IO HH<popMal{HOHHYIO
9*
131

1I36bITOqHOCTb. TaKoe pellIeHlIe 06eCneqllBaeT BbICOK)'lO CTeneHb 3aI.U:HThI.AaHHbIX OT lICKa)l(eHHH: C
TOqKlI 3peHIDI 6e30naCHOCTli .ABIDKeHH nOe3nOB.
YnpaBlliIIOI.U:He C006I.U:eHIDI rrpe.ACTaBlliIIOT c060H: 611TOBYIO nOCJIe.AOBaTeJIbHOCTb. OHa reHepll-
PYeTC IJ;eHTpaJIbHbIM KOMnbIOTepoM H nepellaeTC orrpe.AeJIeHHOMY 06'beKTHOMY KOHTpOJUIepy llJI
B0311eH:CTBIDI Ha He06xo.AHMbIH: 3JIeMeHT HanOJIbHOrO 060PY.AOBaHIDI. Co06I.U:eHIDI 0 ero COCTOHHlI
reHepllp)'IOTC 06'beKTHbIM KOHTpOJUIepOM. 3T0 He06xOllHMO .rum lIHOpMHpoBaHIDI u;eHTpaJIbHO-
ro KOMnbIOTepa 0 COCTOHlIli COOTBeTCTBYIOI.U:erO HanOJIbHOrO 060PY.AOBaHIDI. Bee C006I.U:eHIDI npll-
Ka30B 11 COCTOHlIH: llY6JIHPYIOTC.rum 06ecneqeHH 6e30nacHoCTH CliCTeMbI. I1porpaMMa A reHepll-
PYeT C006I.U:eHHe A B TO BpeM51, KOr.Aa nporpaMMa B reHeplipYeT C006I.U:eHHe B, npllqeM Ka)l(JlOe
C006I.U:eHlIe llJI 06eCneqeHH 6e30naCHOCTH cHa6)1(aeTc YHHKaJIbHbIM a,n;pecOM, CCbIJIOqHbIM TH-
nOM, MeTKOH: BpeMeHlIlI1I36bITOqHbIMli .AaHHbIMH.
I1apbI C006I.U:eHHH: reHepHpYIOTC 11 nepellaIOTC B TeqeHHe O,AHoro 11 Toro )l(e I..Ufl<JIa nepe.Aaqu:.
):LruI nepenaqu: Ifficlx>PMalUlli B neTmo CB311 C KOHueHTpaTOpaMH HecKOJIbKO C006I.U:eHHH: MO)l(eT 6bITb
06'be.AlffieHO B O.AHY TeJIerpaMM)'. I10CJIe nplieMa .AaHHa lIHcIx>PMaUIDI pacnaKOBbIBaeTC H aHaJIlI-
3HPYeTC. 3TH OnepaIJ;HlI BbII10JIHIOTC nopToM neTJIli CB3H (10M) co CTOpOHbI UKU 11 COK.
HeCMOTp Ha TO, qTO nepe.AaBaeMbIe Co06I.U:eHIDI npllKa30B 11 COCTOHlIH: lIMeIOT HeKoTopbIe OTJIlI-
qIDI opMaTa, HCnOJIb3yeMbIe npllHIJ;HI1bI 06eCneqeHlI 6e30nacHoCTli .AaHHbIX BJIIOTC YHHBep-
caJThHbIMH ,[(.JUl BceX crryqaeB.
I1pll nplieMe TeJIerpaMMbI, a,n;peCOBaHHOH: YKI1, OH pacnaKoBbIBaeT ee 11 nepe.AaeT lIHOp-
MaIJ;lIIO COOTBeTCTBYIOI.U:lIM 06'beKTHbIM KOHTpOJUIepaM. Ka)l(JlbIH: 06'beKTHbIH: KOHTpOJIJIep npo-
BepeT npllHTbIe TeJIerpaMMbI A 11 B Ha JIOrllqeCKOe COBnaneHlIe 11 OCMbICJIeHHOCTb, lICnOJIb-
3Y npll 3TOM nporpaMMbI A 11 B. B CJIyqae 06HapY)I(eHIDI nporpaMMaMli A lIJIli B paCXO)l(Jle-
HlI Me)l(JlY TeJIerpaMMaMli BeCb npllKa3 llJI COOTBeTCTBYIOI.U:erO 06'beKTHOro KOHTpOJIJIepa OT-
BepraeTC 11 UKU nOCbIJIaeTC C006I.U:eHlIe 0 HeKoppeKTHOH: TeJIerpaMMe C YKa3aHlieM npllqll-
HbI 01lI1I6KlI.
Pa3Mew,enue 06'beKmnblX KOnmpOJlJlep06. ):LruI pa3MeI.U:eHIDI 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJUIepOB CliCTeMbI
COK 950 lICnOJIb3}'lOT napy coe.z:urneHHbIX M C060H: llIKaoB. JIeBbIH: llIKa CJI)')KIIT ,[(.JUl nOJIOK C
06'beKTIIbIMH KOHTpOJUIepaMH (no 16 OK), CB3eBbIX KOHIJ;eHTpaTopOB (YKI1), lICTOqHlIKa nHTaHIDI
11 naHeJIH rrpenoxpaHHTeJIeH: (PliC. 2.42, a). I1paBbIH: llIKa rrpeJIHa3HaqeH,[(.JUl YC1aHOBKH MOHTIDKHbIX
KOJIO.AOK. OHH He06xollllMbI ,[(.JUl nOllKJIIOqeHH BceX BHellIHHX Ka6eJIeH:, KOTopbIe BBO.wrrC B npaBbrn:
llIKa qepe3 CneIJ;HaJIbHbIe Ka6eJIbHbIe BBO):{bI. OrcyrCTBlie BHyrpeHHeH: CTeHKH Me llBYM5lllIKa-
aMH .AaeT B03MO)l(HOCTb opraHH30BaTb Ka6eJIbHbIe npOXO):{bI Me IDIMH.
lI1KabI 06'beKTHbIx KOHTpOJUIepOB MorYT 6bITb YCTaHOBJIeHbI KaK BHYTpli CTaHIJ;1I0HHbIX
nOMeI.U:eHlIH:, TaK 11 B cneIJ;lIaJIbHbIX KOHTeH:HepaX B HenocpellcTBeHHOH: 6JI1I30CTli OT HanOJIb-
Horo 060PY.AOBaHIDI. ,l],onycKaeTc lICnOJIb30BaHlie JII06bIX BH):{OB KOHTeH:HepOB WI pa3MeI.U:e-
HlI )l(eJIe3HO.A0p0)l(HOrO 060PY.AOBaHlI npll YCJIOBlili 06eCneqeHlI lIMli 3aI.U:lITbI OT aTMOC-
epHoro BJIlIHlI.
Ka)l(Jla nOJIKa lIMeeT 23 noca,n;OqHbIX MeCTa.rum ruIaT IffiTeH:CHbIX MO.AYJIeH: (CM. pliC. 2.42, 6).
I10Ca,n;OqHbIe MeCTa pa3611TbI Ha nTb rpynn. Ha pliC. 2.42, 6 nOKa3aH BHellIHlIH: BH):{ llIKaa C KOM-
IIJIeKTaIJ;lIeH:. I10311IJ;1I1i C nepBOH: Ha qeTBepTYIO OTBOllTC WI pa3MeI.U:eHIDI 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJI-
JIepoB. IlllTa n0311IJ;H npe,AHa3HaqeHa CneIJ;lIaJIbHO llJI CB3eBoro KOHIJ;eHTpaTOpa.
He06xoJIHMbIe BHyrpeHHlIe coenHHeHH Me OT.AeJIbHbIMli IIJIaTaMH BbIIIOJIIDIIOTC MeTO.AOM
neqaTHOrO MOHTa)l(a, BbIIIOJIHeHHOro Ha 3a,n;HeH: CTeHKe nOJIKlI (CM. pliC. 2.42, 6). I10311l{HH «a» 11
nepBa «6» B Ka)l(JlOH: rpynne, KpOMe 3Toro, lIMeIOT Heo6xo):{HMbIe COe):{HHeHH C noca,n;OqHbIMH
MeCTaMlI, OTBe.AeHHbIMli .rum KOHIJ;eHTpaTopOB CB311 YKI1.
Bce YCTpOH:CTBa YCTaHaBJIlIBaIOTC Ha TlinOBYIO 19-.AIOH:MoBYIO CTOH:KY, nOMeI.U:eHHYIO B TlI-
nOBOH: llIKa. B llIKay pa3MeI.U:aIOTC lICTOqHlIKH nliTaHlI; qeTbIpe nOJIKlI C 3JIeKTpOHHbIMli
IIJIaTaMli 06'beKTHbIx KOHTpOJIJIepOB 11 KOHIJ;eHTpaTopOB, Ka)l(Jla 113 KOTOpbIX BJIeTC TlIno-
BbIM 3aBO.ACKliM 1I3.AeJIlieM H npe.ACTaBJIeT C060H: paMY CO llITenCeJIbHbIMli pa3'beMaMlili Ha-
npaBJIIOI.U:lIMH .AJI YCTaHOBKlI 23-x 3JIeKTpOHHbIX nJIaT KOHTpOJIJIepOB 11 KOHIJ;eHTpaTopOB.
MOHTa)l( llITenCeJIbHbIX pa3'beMOB BJIeTC TlinOBbIM 11 BbIIIOJIHeTC 3aBO.AOM. Ha O.AHOH: nOJI-
132

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C
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a
JIeBbIH IlIKa4>
npaBbIH IlIKa4>
nOnKa 1
nOnKa 2
nonKa 3
IIonKa 4
o
o
l1CTOQHHK
nHTaHHSI
6
II03. 1
p . . 26
,-, .
II03. 2
IP . . 26
, ,-, .
nOnK
6
l1CTOQHHK nHTaHHH
PSU-2
OK OK OK OK KC
41 42 43 44 45
OK OK OK OK KC
31 32 33 34 35
OK OK OK OK KC
21 22 23 24 25
OK OK OK OK KC
11 12 13 14 15
U U
KneMMHbIe
KOJIO,l(KH
II03.
I '3 . . 36
, ,-, .
n03.4
1( 48 . 46
I ,.., .
II03. 5
,I, '--1
HOMep+ . l 2 3 4 5 J1 6 7  9 IO Jl 1l121 ! 141 5111 6171  1920 1121 2
n03HIUfH  . - .
OK#l OK#2 OK#3 OK#4 YKn
PHC. 2.42. ITpHMepbI KOMnneKTaQHH IlIKa4>oB MITQ:
a - BHellIHHH BH; 6 - pa3MelI.{eHHe 06'beKTHbIx KOHTponnepOB; 6 - nonKH C OK
Ke MO:>KeT 6bITb ycraHOBJIeHO .AO qeTbIpex 06'beKTHbIx KOHTpOJIJIepOB 11 O.AlIH KOHu;eHTpaTop.
He06xo.AHMbIe BHYTpeHHlIe COe):{HHemrn Me:>K,I:(Y OT.AeJIbHbIMli nJIaTaMli BbIIIOJIHIOTC MeTO.AOM
neqaTHOrO MOHTa:>Ka, BbIIIOJIHeHHOro Ha 3a.n.HeH: creHKe nOJIKlI. B KaqeCTBe npe.AOXpaHlITeJIeH: B
llIKay C 06'beKTHbIMli KOHTpOJUIepaMliliCnOJIb30BaHbI npe.AOXpaHlITeJIli Tlina «IIJIaBKa BCTaB-
Ka» co CBeTO):{HO):{HbIM KOHTpOJIeM neperopaHillIli aBTOMaTbI 3alITbI KJIaCCa S2, BbIIIOJIHeHHbIe
B BH):{e MO,AyJIbHbIX :meMeHTOB.
):LruI HacrpOH:KlI 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJUIepOB B COOTBeTCTBHH C npoeKToM .LJ.JI KOHKpeTHOH: C1aH-
U;HH npliMeIDIIOT MHKponepeKJIIOqaTeJIH. OHH pacnOJIO:>KeHbI Ha 3MHeH: CTeHKe nOJIKll. Mm<pone-
peKJIlOqaTeJIllllCnOJIb3YIOTC .LJ.JI YCTaHoBKlI Tlina 11 MpeCa Ka:>K,I:(oro OK. KpOMe :noro, npllMeH-
IOTC cneIJ;Ha.JIbHbIe KJIlOqJf-MapKepbI,L:(.JUl MO,AyJIeH: 11 Ka6eJIeH:. Bee He06xo.AHMbIe COe.AlIHeHlI Me:>K,I:(Y
133

06'beKTHbIMlf KOHTpOnJIepaMlf If HanonbHbIM 060PY.AOBaHlfeM BbIIIonHHIOTCH Ka6eilllMlf. OHlf no.A-
KJIlOqalOTCH qepe3 nepe):{Hlfe pa3'beMbI nnaT.
HnmepljJeiicnble Modynu. ClfCTeMa 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJUIepOB COK npe.ACTaBillIeT c060H: MO-
,[{)'nbHYIO ClfCTeMY If o6ecneqlfBaeT B3alfMO.AeH:CTBlfe C 60nbllIHM Ha60pOM pa3JIlfqHbIX HanonbHbIX
ycrpOH:CTB. I1HTepeH:CHble Mo,[{)'nlf MOHTlfPYIOTCH Ha neqaTHbIX nnaTax If YCTaHaBnlfBalOTCH Ha
nonKax .rum 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJUIepOB. TlfnlfqHbIH: 06'beKTHbIH: KOHTpOJUIep npe.ACTaBillIeT c060H:
Ha60p neqaTHbIX rrnaT WIH 06ecneqemrn YHKI.{IDi BBO):{a/BbIBO.Aa If 06pa60TKlf lfHOpMal.{Hlf B CO-
OTBeTCTBHH C 3a.n.aHHbIMlf Tpe60BaHIDIMlf.
TInaTa CCM-MO.Aynb HBJIHeTCH H.LJ.P0M 06'beKTHOro KOHTpOJUIepa. OHa 06eCneqlfBaeT KOHTponb
COCTOHHIDI KOHTaKTOB. Mo,[{)'nb con:ep:>KlfT qeTblpe KaHCUla 6e30naCHoro KOHTponH COCTOHHIDI KOH-
TaKTOB (penbCOBble I.{enlf), llIeCTb KaHaJIOB He OTBeTCTBeHHoro BbIBO.Aa .AaHHbIX If .ABa KaHaJIa He
OTBeTCTBeHHoro BBO.Aa .AaHHbIX.
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136

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oT06pa)J(aTbCR MHeMOHHqecKIIM CHMBOJIOM Ha nyreBoM IIJIaHe CTaHl.{III1. HellcnpaBHOCTH coxpaHR-
IOTCR B Cnel.{lIaJIbHOM cnllCKe. OH HaqllHaeT OpMlIpOBaTbCR C MOMeHTa 06Hap)')KeHHR nepBOH: He-
IICnpaBHOCTH. 3anHCb Y.AaJUleTCR 113 aBapllH:HOrO C1IHCKa, KOr.Aa YCTpaHeHbI YCJIOBIIR, C03.n:aBIIlHe
HellcnpaBHOCTb. 3T0 nO,l(TBep)J()laeTCR J];e)J(ypHbIM no CTaHl.{III1. EcJIII He06xo.lUIMO, 3anHCH 0 HeIlC-
npaBHOCTRX MOryr 6bITb Y.AaJIeHbI BpyqH)'IO 113 aBapllH:HOrO cnllCKa.
I1porpaMMHoe 06ecneqeHlIe APM COCTOIlT 113 pMa CBR3aHHbIX Me)J()l)' c060H: nO.ACIICTeM: yn-
paBlliIIOIUaR CIICTeMa peaJIbHOrO BpeMeHH; nporpaMMa nocrpoeHIDI CHMBOJIOB; rrporpaMMa noCTpo-
eHIIR MHeMocxeMbI; 6a3a .AaHHbIX; 06MeH J];aHHbIMH.
CIICTeMa peaJIbHorO BpeMeHII BbIIIOJIHReT nplleM II nepeJ];aqy .AaHHbIX OT 060PYJ];oBaHIDI l.{eHTpa-
JIII3al.{lIl1, HX 06pa60TKY, ynpaBJIeHlIe rpalIqeCKIIM oT06pa)J(eHlIeM nJIaHa CTaHl.{III1, BeJ];eT 06pa-
60TKY II perHCTpal.{HIO C06bITIlli II HellcnpaBHOCTeH:. I1porpaMMa nOCTpoeHIDI CIIMBOJIOB 06'beKTOB
n03BOJIReT pa3pa6aTbIBan rpalIqecKoe npeJ];CTaBJIeHlIe crpeJIOK, CBeTOOpoB II J];PYrux 06'beKTOB
B Pa3JIlIqHbIX COCTORHIDIX.
I1porpaMMa nocrpoeHIDI MHeMOCXeMbI - HHcrpYMeHT JUIR npoeKTHpoBaHIIR pa3MeIUeHIDI Ha
3KpaHe nyreBoro pa3BHTIDI CTaHl.{HII, 06'beKTOB KOHTpOJIR II ynpaBJIeHIDI C IICnOJIb30BaHlIeM CHMBO-
JIOB, pa3pa60TaHHbIX npe):{bm)'IUeH: nporpaMMOH:. APM IICnOJIb3YeT J];Be 6a3bI ,AaHHbIX: nOCTORH-
H)'IO, cO.Aep)J(aIUYIO onllcaHlIe Bcex 06'beKTOB CTaHl.{HIIII HX nepeKpeCTHble CBR311, II onepaTHBH)'IO,
B KOTOpYIO 3aHOCRT J];aHHbIe B npol.{ecce pa60TbI CHCTeMbI. I10.ACIICTeMa 06MeHa .AaHHbIX 06'beJ];HHR-
eT Bee KOMnOHeHTbI APM II 6a3bI .AaHHbIX.
ArrnapaT ynpaBJIeHIIR CIICTeMOH: MI1t( CTaHl.{1I11 npe.ACTaBlliIeT c060H: npoMbIllIJIeHHbIH: nepco-
HaJIbHbIH: KOMnbIOTep PC C KJIaBlIarypOH:, MaHlInYJIRTopoM THna «MbIIIlb», TpeMR UBeTHbIMII MO-
HHTOpaMlI1I neqaTaIOIUIIM YCTpOH:CTBOM. B KaqeCTBe pe3epBHoro annapaTa ynpaBJIeHIDI Ha CTaH-
l.{HH IICnOJIb3yeTcR pe3epBHbIH: KOMnbIOTep C ,I:{B)'MR MOHHTopaMII. KnIOqll-)J(e3JIbI C 3JIeKTp03a-
IUem<aMII pacnOJIaraIOTCR Ha OTJ];eJIbHOM BbIHOCHOM nYJIbTe ,l],CI1. B c.rryqae OTKa3a OCHOBHoro
137

pa60qero MeCTa pa60Ta rrpO.AOn)KaerCR C pe3epBHOrO pa60qero MeCTa .AO ycrpaHeHillI HellcnpaB-
HOCTeM: OCHOBHoro.
,D,nR pa60TbI C APM .Ae)KypHOMY no CTaHIJ;lIH He06xo,lUfM MlIHlIManbHbIM: HaBbIK pa60TbI Ha
nepCOHanbHOM KOMnblOTepe. APM ,D,CI1-MI1.q nOCTpoeH Ha cneIJ;lIanbHOM: nporpaMMe
MUL TIRCOS. 3Ta rrporpaMMa n03BonReT OTKpblBan CXeMaTlIqeCKOe 1I306pa)KeHlIe CTaHIJ;lIli C
nOe3.AHbIM nOnO)KeHlIeM, nOKa3blBalOIIJ;ee COCTORHlIe pa3nllqHbIX 06'beKTOB ,lJ;BlI)KeHlIR, OCYIIJ;ecTB-
illITb ynpaBneHlIe .ABlI)KeHlIeM noe3JJ;OB 11 MaHeBpOBOM: pa60TOM:, a TaK)Ke nonyqaTb He06xo,lUfMYIO
lIHOpMal.(lIlO. 113MeHeHlIe COCTORHlIR 06'beKTa MO)KeT 6bITb npOH3Be.AeHO rrYTeM nO.Aaqll KOMaH-
.lU>I 06'beK'ry.
Omi)alla KOMaHO. KOMaH,lJ;bI MO)KHO OTJJ;aBaTb 113 nlO60ro OKHa CliCTeMbI, .AOCTaTOqHO BBeCTII
MHeMOHHKY KOMaH,lIbI C nOMOIIJ;blO KJIaBlia:rypbI B OKHO OT.AaqH KOMaH,lJ; 11 Ha)KaTb JJ;Be KHonKli qepe3
npo6en: KOMaH,lIbI 11 CneIJ;lIanbHOM: KHonKli. KOMaH,lIbI 6bIBalOT Cne.AYIOIIJ;lIX rnnOB: 6e3 napGMem-
poe, OTHOCRIIJ;HecR KO BeeM: CTaHIJ;lIH; 3Jle.MeHmapHble (c O.AHliM napaMeTpOM), OTHOCRIIJ;HeCR K KOHK-
peTHOM)' 06'beKry, KOTOpbIM: H RBillIerCR 3TlIM napaMeTpOM; .MapmpymHble, rrpll 3TOM B KaqeCTBe
napaMeTpOB RBillIlOTCR CBeToopbI, Qepe3 KOTopbIe YCTaHaBnHBaerCR MaprnpYT; omeemcmeeHHble,
KOTopbIe Tpe6YIOT nO.ATBep>K,[{eHlIR OT ,D,CI1.
Tunbl co6blmuii u ux u,6em06W1 KOoup06Ka. C06bITlieM B nporpaMMe MULTIRCOS Ha3blBa-
eTCR nlO60e 1I3MeHeHHe B COCTORHlIli CliCTeMbI. ,D,nR Ka>K,[{oro C06bITliR xpaHliTCR TOQHOe (.AO ce-
KYH,lIbI) BpeMR, B KOTopoe OHO cnyqJUIOCb. B OKHax C06bITHH nonb30BaTenb CliCTeMbI MO)KeT npo-
CMaTpliBaTb B peanbHOM BpeMeHlI rrpOllCxon:Rll.(lIe C06bITillI. C006IIJ;eHlIR B CliCTeMe MorYT 6bITb
HeCKonbKlIX TlinOB 11 B 3aBliCliMOCTli OT Tlina OHlI1I306pa)KaIOTCR B cnllCKe C06bITlIM: Ha pa3HOM
OHe.
I1H,lIHKaIJ;Jul C006IIJ;eHHM: 06 1I3MeHeHlIli COCTORHlI5.I 06'beKTa, He OTHOCRll.(lIXCR K HellcnpaBHOC-
TRM, HO no TeM HJIlIlIHbIM npllQHHaM np1l3HaHHbIX CYIIJ;eCTBeHHbIMli WIR ,D,CI1, lIMeeT necormo-
;)ICeJlmblU fjJoH. B none «06'beKT» - Ha3BaHlie 06'beKTa, COCTORHlIe KOToporo 1I3MeHJUIOCb.
AnapMbI, T.e. co06IIJ;emrn 06113MeHeHHH COCTORHH5.I 06'beKTa, n:HarHoCTIIpyeMbIe KaK HellcnpaB-
HOCTh 11 Tpe6)'1OIIJ;He BHHMaHillI,D,CI1, HMelOT 6JleKJlO-KpaCHblU fjJOH. B none «06'beKT» - Ha3BaHlie
06'beKTa, WIR KOToporo YCTaHoBneHo HellcrrpaBHoe COCTORHlIe.
KOMaH,lJ;bI 11 OTBeTbI Ha KOMaH,lJ;bI (C006IIJ;eHIDI 0 3an:aHHH KOMaH,lJ; nlO6bIM 113 nonb30BaTeneM: ClIC-
TeMbI, a TaK)Ke OTBeTbI CliCTeMbI Ha 3TlI KOMaH,lIbI) lIMelOT He6eCHO-20Jly6ou fjJOH WIR KOMaH,lI, me.M-
HO-20Jly6ou WI5.I OTBeTOB Ha KOMaH,lJ;bI. B none «06'beKT» - H):{eHTlIlIKaTOp nocnaBIliero KOMaH-
n:y ,D,CI1.
TeKcmoeble coo6UJeHUR ceo60()H020 fjJop.Mama HMelOT ceenVIO-3eJleHblU fjJOH. B none «06'beKT» _
H):{eHTlIHKaTOp .A06aBHBIIIero TeKCTOBYIO 3anHCb ,D,CI1 HJIli rrpOQepK.llJUI TeKCTOBbIX 3anlleeM:, cre-
HepHpOBaHHbIX CliCTeMOM:, HanpliMep, 3anHeeM: 0 non:KJIIOQeHHlI nonb30BaTeneH.
HlI)Ke npllBeJJ;eHbI npliMepbI pean1l3aIJ;lIH OTn:enbHbIx KOMaH,lI .Ae)KypHbIM no CTaHIJ;lIli.
Aemooeiicmeue c6emopopoe. YCTaHOBKa pe)KlIMa aBTO.AeHCTBliR .AnR CBeToopOB oCYIIJ;e-
CTBnReTCR nYTeM BBO.Aa B KOMaIUJ:HOe none KOMaH,lIHOH naHenli KOMaH,lJ;bI CAO (HaliMeHOBaHlie
«clIrnana»). B pe)KlIMe aBTOJJ;eHCTBillI MapIIIpYT no Mepe npocnen:OBaHliR nOe3.AOM He pa3MbIKa-
erc5.I 11 CTpenKli OCTalOTCR 3aMKHYTbIMli. HanpliMep, YCTaHOBneH nOe3.AHOM: MapIIIpYT OTnpaB-
neHlIR co BToporo nYTlI (OT CBeToopa q2 - 3a CBeTOOp H,D,). Ha CliMBone CBeroopa q2
3aropaeTCR Ha 3KpaHe MOHliTopa )KenTbIM: ClirHan ero pa3peIIIalOIl.(erO nOKa3aHillI. ,D,nR YCTa-
HOBKlI BbIXO.AHoro CBeToopa q2 B pe)KlIM «aBTO.AeHCTB1I5.I» ,D,CI1 npaBOM: KHOnKOM: «MbIllill»
Ha)KlIMaeT Ha CliMBon CBeToopa Q2. 3aTeM B MeHIO KOMaH.LI BbI611paeT KOMaH,lIY pe)KlIMa aBTO-
.AeM:CTBHR CAO. Kor.Aa B none KOMaH,lIHM: naHenH nORBnReTCR KOMaH,lIa CAO, q2, ,D,Cn Ha)KH-
MaeT KHonKY «BblIIonHlITb» ()KeJITaR CTpenKa). B pe3ynbTaTe BbIIIonHeHillI 3TOH KOMaH,lIbI HO)K-
Ka cBeToopa Q2 3aropaeTcR IJ;lIaHOBbIM IJ;BeTOM. I1p1l3aHRTlili nOe3.AOM nepBoH CeKIJ;lIli MapIII-
PYTa BbIXOJJ;HOM: cBeToop q2 nepeKpblBaeTcR (KpacHbIH CHrHan). I10cne oCB060>K,[{eHlIR nepBO-
ro YQaCTKa Y.AaneHillI Ha cBeToope q2 onRTb 3aropaeTCR pa3peIIIalOIIJ;ee nOKa3aHlIe, TaK KaK
YCTaHOBneH pe)KlIM aBToJJ;eHCTBliR. OTMeHa aBTO.AeHCTBliR OCYIIJ;eCTBnReTCR nYTeM BBO.Aa KO-
MaH,lJ;bl CA3 H HaHMeHOBaHillI «ClIrHana.. .».
138

EJlOKUp06Ka CU21taJla npllMeHerc WI lICKJIlOqeHillI B03MO:>KHOCTli YCTaHOBKlI MaprnpYTa no
.AaHHOMY CBeTOOPY npll YCJIOBlili OTCYTCTBillI pa3pernalOwero nOKa3aHillI Ha HeM.
OmMena ycman06JlennOZO MapUlpyma BbIIIOJIHerC TOJIbKO no KOMaIl,lJ;e OM (oTMeHa Maprn-
PYTa) - HaliMeHOBaHlie «clIrHana». I1pll nOCTYIIJIeHlIH .lI.aHHOH KOMaIl,lJ;bI nepeKpbIBaerc CBero-
op, orpa:>K,I:(aIOIIWH: MaprnpYT. OTMeHa YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO MaprnpYTa np01l3BO,lUITC npll BbIIIOJI-
HeHlIH cJIe.AYIOWHX YCJIOBIlli: 3aMKHYToe COCTOHlIe MaprnpYTa; CB060,lUIOCTb BceX CTpeJIOqHbIX 11
nYTeBbIx yqaCTKOB no MaprnpYTY 11 oCYlUeCTBlliIerc C Bbl,[(ep:>KKOH: BpeMeHlI. I1pll OTMeHe nOe3.AHO-
ro Maprnpyra, HaxO.ll.weroc Ha aBTO.AeH:CTBlIlI, He06xo,lUIMO npe.ll.BapllTeJIbHO BbIKJIlOqllTb aBTO-
.lI.eH:CTBlie.
,[(eH:CTBlI ,[(CI1 npll OTMeHe nOe3,lUIoro Maprnpyra: HanpliMep, He06xo.ll.HMO OTMeHHTh YCTaHoB-
JIeHHbrn nOe3.l1.HOH Maprnpyr OmpaBJIeHillI (OT cBeroopa q2 - 3a cBeroop H.ZJ:). ,Z:(mI BblIIOJIHeHillI
:noH: KOMaH.ll.bI .lI.e:>K)'pHbIH: no CTaHl{IDI rrpaBOH: KHonKOH MbIrnH HIDKHMaer Ha 1I306pa:>KeHHe BbIXO.A-
Horo CBeToclx>pa q211 B BblIIa.ll.alOweM MeHIO KOMaH,l:{ BbI611paer KOMaH.LO' OM (oTMeHbI Maprnpyra). B
KOMaH.lI.HOM nOJIe nOBlliIerc COOTBerCTBYIOWM OTMeHe Maprnpyra 3anliCb. ,[(anee ,[(CI1 Ha:>KH:Maer
KHOIIKY «BbIIIOJIHHTh» (:>KeJITM crpem<a). B pe3YJIbTaTe BbIIIOJIHeHH KOMaH,l:{bI BbIXO.AHOH: cBeroclx>p
q2 nepeKpbIBaeTC, Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTOpa CThIK Y CBeToclx>pa q2 MHraer KpacHbIM l{BerOM (KpaCHbIH:
npSIMoyrOJIbHHK), nOKa H,AeT Bbl,[(ep:>KKa OTMeHbI Maprnpyra (3 MHH npll 3aIDITOM yqaCTKe rrp1l6JIIDKe-
HillIli 5 C - npll CB060.ll.HOM). I10CJIe 3Toro npollcxoJUIT pa3MbIKaHHe Maprnpyra 11 ceKl{IDI, KOTopbIe
BXO,ll.HJIH B Maprnpyr H ropeml3eJIeHbIM l{BeTOM, Tenepb oT06pa)l(alOTC 6eJIbIM I..J;BeTOM.
I1pll OTMeHe MaHeBpoBoro MaprnpYTa, HanpliMep MaprnpYTa YMM (OT cBeToopa MI-
3a cBeroop MI6), .lI.eH:CTBillI,[(CI1 aHaJIOrllqHbl. Bbl,[(ep:>KKa OTMeHbI MaprnpYTa H.lI.er 1 MliH npll
3aHTOM yqaCTKe np1l6JIlI:>KeHlI. I10cJIe 3Toro npOllCXO.AlIT pa3MbIKaHlie MaprnpYTa 11 ceKI..J;HlI,
KOTopbIe 6bIJIli 3a.ll.eH:CTBOBaHbI B MaprnpYTe H roperrH :>KeJITbIM I..J;BeTOM, Tenepb oT06pa:>KaIOTC
qepHbIM I..J;BeTOM.
EnoKupo6Ka cmpenKU 6 3aoannOM nonO:HCenuu. I1I1,lJ;lIBH,AYaJIbHa 6JIOKlIpOBKa CTpeJIKlI 06ec-
neqllBaeTC nYTeM BBO.Aa B KOMaIl,lJ;HYIO naHeJIb KOMaIl,lJ;bI CTE «CTpeJIKa...». I10CJIe BblIIOJIHeHillI
.AaHHOH: KOMaIl,lJ;bI HeB03MO:>KHO np01l3BO.ll.lITb lII1,lJ;lIBH,AyanbHbIH: nepeBO.ll. CTpeJIKlI mIll lICnOJIb30-
BaTb ee B Maprnpyre B nOJIO:>KeHlIH, OTJIlIqHOM OT Toro, B KOTOpOM OHa 3a6JIOIrn:pOBaHa. B03MO:>KHO
lICnOJIb30BaTb CTpeJIKY B MaprnpYTe, eCJIli Tpacca MaprnpYTa COBna.ll.aer C nOJIO:>KeHlIeM crpeJIKlI.
bJlOKUp06Ka ceKl{uii. ,Z:(mI Toro q'f06bI lICKJIIO'IHTb B03MO:>KHOCTh 3aMbIKaHillI Maprnpyra qepe3 ceK-
u;mo, rryTb, yqaCToK rryrn, npHMeHeTC KOMa.H,lJ;a 6JIOIillpOBKH ceKI..J;HH CEE «ceKl(IDl.. .». ORa MO:>Ker
6bITb lICnOJIb30BaHa npll npo1l3BO.ll.CTBe nyreBbIX pa60T 11 B .lijJyrHX c.rryqaIDI., KOr,Aa .lI.BIDKeHHe no
ceKI..J;HH 3anpelUaerCH. I1epeBO.ll. CTpeJIOK B 3a6JIOKHpOBaHHOH: ceKI..J;lIH OCTaeTC B03MO:>KHbIM.
Hnou6uoyanbnoe 3aMblKanUe ceKI{UU. B CJIyqae He06xoJJ:lIMOCTli nplieMa, OTnpaBJIeHillI noe3-
,Aa JUIli MaHeBpoBbIX nepe.ll.BlI:>KeIDlii, KOr.Aa HeB03MO:>KHO 3a.ll.aTb MaprnpYT KOMaIl,lJ;aMH YCTaHOBKlI
YI1M, YI1E, YMM, YME, YM,Z:J:, ceKI..J;lIH, yqaCTB)'IOWHe B Maprnpyre, 3aMbIKaIOTC lII1,lJ;lIBH,AYaJIb-
HO. I1plleM, nepe.Aaqa 11 OmpaBJIeHHe nOe3.Aa no npHrJIaCHTeJIbHOMY clirHany JUIli no COOTBeTCTBY-
IOlUliM pa3perneHlIM ocyweCTBJIIOTC npH 3anpewalOWHX nOKa3aHillIX CBeroopOB.
I10CJIe TOro KaK nOBlITC co06weHlIe 0 TOM, qTO KOMaH,l:{a npllHTa K lICnOJIHeHHIO, IIpollCXO,lUIT
3aMbIKaHlie ceKI..J;lIH. Ha3BaHHe ceKI..J;lIH HaqllHaer MHraTb KpaCHbIM I..J;BerOM, a caMa ceKI..J;IDI 3aropa-
eTC :>KeJITbIM QBerOM.
HCKyccm6ennoe pa3MblKanue ceKl{uii. I1cKyccTBeHHoe pa3MbIKaHlie np01l3BOJJ:lITC B CJIyqae
Hepa3MbIKaHillI MaprnpYTa nOCJIe npOXO.Aa nOe3.Aa 11 KOr.Aa OTMeHa MaprnpYTa HeB03MO:>KHa. I1cKYc-
CTBeHHoe pa3MbIKaHlie CTpeJIOqHbIX 11 6eccrpeJIOqHbIX CeKI..J;lIH: B03MO:>KHO TOJIbKO np1l3aKpbITOM
CBeroope, orpa:>K,I:(alOlUeM MaprnpYT no 3TlIM ceKI..J;illIM, BHe 3aBliCHMOCTII OT aKrnqecKoro COCTO-
HillI ceKI..J;lIli (cB060.AHa, 3aHTa).
,[lrr lICKYCCTBeHHoro pa3MbIKaHlI ceKUllll,[(CI1 JJ:OJI:>KeH BbI6paTb Hepa30MKHYBrnllec ceK-
I..J;1I1i 11 BblIIOJIHlITb WI Ka:>K,I:(OH: 113 HliX KOMaIl,lJ;Y CEI1P «ceKI..J;lI». I10cJIe Ha:>KaTlI KHonKli
«BbIIIOJIHlITb» nOBJIeTC .AlIaJIOrOBOe OKHO nO.ATBep:>K,I:(eHlI oTBeTcTBeHHOH: KOMaIl,lJ;bI, B KO-
TOpOM ,[(CI1.l1.0JI:>KeH Ha:>KaTb KHonKY «I10.ATBep.AlITb». I10cJIe 3Toro nOBJIeTC co06weHlIe 0
TOM, qTO KOMaIl,lJ;a npllHTa K lICnOJIHeHlIlO. ,[(CI1 y6e:>K.AaeTC BO BKJIlOqeHlIli BbI.lI.ep:>KKlI Bpe-
139

MeHlf Ha pa3MbIKaHlfe no MlfraHlflO 3eneHOH lfnH :>KenTOH nonOCbI Ha 3KpaHe, TaK KaK Ka:>K.n:aR
ceKU;lfR lfMeeT He3aBlfClfMYlO BbI.Aep:>KKY BpeMeHlf, paBHYIO 180 c. Ecnlf lfCKYCCTBeHHoe pa3-
MbIKaHlfe He npOllIno, CTpenKlf nepeBo.n:RTCR Ha pyqHOe ynpaBneHlfe C nOMOblO Kyp6enR.
2.5. OTeIJeCTBeHHaH MUKponpOQeccopHaH QeHTpaJIU3aQUH 3Q-EM
I1epBaR B POCClfH MlfKponpou;eccopHaR ClfCTeMa 3U Ha MHKpOnpOu;eccopHoH OCHOBe 3U-E 6bIna
pa3pa60TaHa CneU;lfaJIHCTaMlf lfHCTHT)'Ta «rlfnpoTpaHCClfrHaJICBR3b» (ITCC) no 3a,l]aHHIO ,ZJ:enap-
TaMeHTa CI.U> If npe.ACTaBmIJIa C060H KOMrmeKC ycrpOHCTB, BblIIonHRlOwHii ueHTpaJIlf30BaHHoe
ynpaBneHHe crpenKaMlf If cBeToopaMlf Cpe.ACTBaMlf BbIqlfCnHTenbHOH TeXHlfKlf. I10cne BceCTO-
pOHHHX lfcnbITaHHH, npOBo.n:HBllIHXCR nplf yqaCTHH npe.n:CTaBHTeneH CaHKT-I1eTep6yprcKoro YHH-
BepcHTeTa nYTeH co06wemUl If OKTR6pbCKOH :>Kene3HOH .AOpOrH 3Ta ClfCTeMa B 1997 r. BBe.n:eHa B
OnbITHYIO 3KcrmyaTaU;HIO Ha cT.lllocceHHaR (18 u;eHTpaJIlf30BaHHbIX crpenoK).
B ClfCTeMe 3U-E cpe.n:CTBaMlf BbIqlfCnlfTenbHoH TeXHlfKlf 6bIJIlf peaJIlf30BaHbI 3a.n:aqlf ynpaBne-
HIDI If KOHTponR 3a TeXHOnOrlfqecKlfM npou;eCCOM Ha CTaHU;Hlf, C06nlO.AeHlfR BceX 3aBlfclfMoCTeH
crpenoK If CBeTOOpOB C u;enblO 06eCneqeHIDI 6e30nacHoCTlf .ABIDKeHIDI nOe3.AOB. 3T0 CTaJIO B03-
MO:>KHbIM 6narO.AapR lfcnonb30BaHlflO C03.AaHHOro Cnel.{lfaJIlfCTaMlf ITCC YHlfKaJIbHOrO nporpaM-
MHoro 06ecneqeHHR, peaJIlf30BaHHoro C yqeTOM BceX Tpe60BaIlliH 6e30nacHoCTH If n03BOJUllOwerO
pellIaTb Bee TeXHOnOrnqeCKlfe 3a.n:aqlf u;eHTpaJIlf3aU;lflf CTpenOK If cBeToopoB Ha CTaHU;Hlf. I1po-
BepKa KOMrmeKca rrplfKJIa,l]HOrO nporpaMMHoro 06ecneqeHIDI llll0 Ha 6e30nacHoCTb BenaCb CTaTH-
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llIaJIlf BonpocbI opraHlf3aU;lfH npoToKonoB a.n:pecHoro 06MeHa lfHopMaU;lfeH C 6noKaMlf pacllIlf-
peHlfR CBR3lf If C 06'beKTaMlf ynpaBneHlfR. B ClfCTeMe 3U-E 6bIJIlf peaJIlf30BaHbI Tplf pe:>KlfMa
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- ecnoMo2ameJlbHblU, KOTOpbIH ocyweCTBJUleTCR rrplf qaCTHqHOM BbIXO.Ae lf3 crpOR HanonbHbIX YC-
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neHlfe 06'beKTaMlf u;eHTpaJIlf3aU;lflf C HecKonbKo nOHlf:>KeHHOH CTeneHblO 6e30nacHoCTlf no cpaBHe-
HHIO C OCHOBHbIM pe:>KHMOM ynpaBneHHR, TaK KaK qaCTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTlf 6epeT Ha ce6R ,ZJ:Cll;
- aeapuuHblU, KOTOpbIH ocywecTBnReTCR nplf BbIxo.n:e lf3 CTpOR BbIqlfCnlfTenbHoro R)]pa YBK
llC-100llf npe.n:ycMaTplfBaeT ynpaBneHlfe nepeBO.AOM CTpenoK If OTKpbITlfeM nplfrnaclfTenbHbIx
ClfrHaJIOB 6e3 npoBepKH ycnoBlfH 6e30nacHoCTlf.
llpOBe.AeHHbIe lfCnbITaHIDIlf onbITHaR 3KcnnyaTaU;IDI3U-E nO.ATBep.n:mIlf pa60Tocnoc06HoCTb
ClfCTeMbI If npaBJUlbHOCTb KOHu;enu;Hii, 3aJIO:>KeHHbIX nplf ee C03.AaHlflf. BMeCTe C TeM B03HlfKJIa
He06xo.AHMOCTb C03.AaHlfR B POCCHH cOBpeMeHHoro OTeqeCTBeHHOro CneU;HaJIH3lfpoBaHHoro ynpaB-
nRIOero BbIqJfCJIH:TenbHOro KOMrmeKca YBK, MaKCHMaJIbHO COOTBeTCTB)'IOwero :>KeCTKHM Tpe60-
BaHIDlM, npe.A'bRBJUleMbIM K CHCTeMaM MlfKponpou;eccopHoH u;eHTpaJIlf3aU;HH. TaKoH CneU;lfaJIH3lf-
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140

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KOHTpOJI 11 OTKJIIOqeHH;
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JIeHlIe 06'beKTaMH 11 KOHTpOJIb HX COCTOHlI;
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HIDI MEKO), ocyeCTBJIlOIIIlIX ynpaBJIeHlIe HanOJIbHbIMli 06'beKTaMli Ha CTaHIJ;HlI11 lICKJIlOQalO-
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141

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HHCTpYMeHTaJIbHOe fIO, a TaK)I(e nporpaMMHbIH IIHTep<lJeHc C nplll(JIa,QHbIMII nporpaMMaMH (HJIH
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nOJIb3yeMaSi B YBK, pa3pa60TaHa no,Q Tpe60BaHlISi 6e30nacHocTH Ha OCHOBe npo06pa3a, KOTO-
pbIH npoBepeH OnblTOM 60JIee 100 IIHCTaJIJISlIJ;IIH B CIICTeMax ynpaBJIeHIISi OTBeTCTBeHHbIMII
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nllpeKTIIB B MfIU" 3a,QaHlIe napaMeTpoB II YCJIOBIIH MO,QeJIlIpOBaHIISi TeXHOJIOrWIeCKHX npo-
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BbIIIOJIHeHa OTJIa,QKa npllKJIa,QHoro nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHlISilI KOMnJIeKCHaSi npoBepKa <lJYH-
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Ta rTCc.
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KIf conpSl)l(eHJfSI 06eCneqJfBalOT CBSl3b C IJ;eHTpaJIbHbIM nOCTOBbIM YCTPOHCTBOM H npOrpaMMHOe
ynpaBJIeHlIe 6JIOKOM ycrpOHCTB CBSl311 C 06'beKTaMIIII 6JIOKOM ycrpOHCTB 6e30nacHoro KOHTpOJISI H
OTKJIlOqeHJfSl. EJIOKH ycrpoHCTB CBSl311 C 06'beKTaMH 06eCneqJfBalOT Henocpe,QCTBeHHOe ynpaBJIeHJfe
06'beKTaMIIII KOHTpOJIb IIX COCTOSlHIISi. EJIOKlf 6e30nacHoro KOHTpOJISIII OTKJIlOqeHHSlIICKJIlOqalOT
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cBero<lJopoB, B COCTaB CHCTeMbI 3U,-EM BXO.wrr TPII fI3BM pa60qero MeCTa .z:t:CfI (PM .z:t:CII), C
KOTOporo Be,QercSi yrrpaBJIeHJfe 06'beKTaMH IJ;eHTpaJllf3alJ;illf, yrrpOIl{eHHbrn rryJIbT-Ta6JIo npSlMonpo-
142

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,n:SlTCSI B pa60qeM pe)l(llMe, o,n:Ha - B xono,n:HOM pe3epBe. Ka)l()]:aSl TI3BM <lJlI3l1qeCKH CBSl3aHa C
.D:BYMSI Pa3JIHqHbIMli BbIQllCnllTenbHbIMH KaHaJIaMH YBK. TIo pacnonO:>KemllO annapaT)'pbI CliCTeMa
3U,-EM smnSleTCSI u;eHTpaJIlI30BaHHOH., peneH.HbIe H KpOCCOBbIe CTaTliBbI HaxOMTCSI Ha nocry 3U,.
113 peneH.HOH. annapaT)'pbI coxpaHeHbI JillllIb rrycKoBbIe 6noKH crpeJIOK, cxeMbI peJIbCOBblX u;eneH. H
L{eIIH KOMMYTal(J1lI naMn cBeTo<lJopoB. CliCTeMa 3U,-EM pa3pa60TaHa C c06mo,n:eHHeM BCeX rrpllH-
U;lInOB nocTpoem:lSl cOBpeMeHHblX CliCTeM 3U,.
U,eHTpaJIbHbIM 3BeHOM :noH. CliCTeMbI SlBmllOTCSI rrporpaMMHO-annapaTHbIe cpe,n:CTBa B COCTaBe
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KU;HOIrnpYIOT cne.nyIOIl{He OCHOBHbIe no,n:ClICTeMbI 3U,-EM:
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TeXHOnOrHqeCKOrO, TaK II lIH<lJopMaIJ;llOHHo-cepBlicHoro xapaKTepa.
Cpe.A H BHOBb BBe,n:eHHblX TeXHOnOrllqeCKliX <lJYHKIJ;lIH., HanpaBneHHbIX Ha nOBbIllIeHHe 6e30nac-
HOCTlI,n:BlI:>KeHlISili YBenllqeHlISi 3<lJ<lJeKTlIBHOCTli ynpaBneHlISi TeXHOnOrllqeCKliM npou;eCCOM Ha
CTaHU;lIlI, MO:>KHO BbI,IJ;eJillTb cne,n:YIOIl{lIe:
- Jl02UlieCKUU KOllmpOJlb 3a1lRmUR nYTeH. H yqaCTKOB nYTlI MapllIpYTHbIM nopSl,n:KOM H HX no-
cne.nyIOIl{ero ocB060)l()]:eHlISi npll npocne,n:OBaHllll nOJJ;BIDKHOrO COCTaBa.rom HCKJIlOqeHllSI B03MO:>K-
HOCTli nOBTopHoro OTKpbITliSi cBeTo<lJopa Ha nO:>KHO OCB060,n:lIBIlIHH.CSI (npH nOTepe IlIYHTa) nYTb
HJIli YQacTOK nYTH;
- B03MO;JIC1l0Cmb omKpblmUR nplirnaCliTenbHoro CHrnaJIa TonbKO npll ycnoBliH 3a.n:aHliSi MapllI-
PYTa C npOBepKOH. Bcex ycnOBliH. 6e30naCHOCTli npll qaCTlIqHOH. HellcnpaBHOCTli HanonbHbIX YCT-
P0H.CTB (penbCOBblX u;eneH., crpenOK), QTO n03BOJISleT CHH3l1Tb nCliXonorllQecKYIO HarpY3KY Ha .n;CTI
B TaKliX cliTyaU;HSlx;
- npeKpaUlellue KO(JupOBaIlUR MapUlpymoB ,n:o ronOBbI noe3,n:a npll HeCaHKIJ;lIOHlipOBaHHOM BbI-
e3,n:e no,n:BlI:>KHOH. e,n:lIHlIU;bI Ha MapllIpYT;
143

- npOeepKY ceo6o(Jllocmu BceX ceKl.{HH B MaHeBpoBOM Maprnpyre rrpll .ABIDKeHHH BarOHaMH Bne-
pe.IJ: nocne BcryrrneHIDI nO.IJ:BIDKHOH e.AHHlIl{bI Ha Maprnpyr (KpOMe nepBOH ceKlum, rrpHneralOrn:eH K
33JUlTOH);
- UCKfllOliellUe noceKljU01l1l020 pa3MblKa1lUR MapUlpyma npll rrpOe3.IJ:e nO.IJ:BlI:>KHOH e.IJ:lIHlIl{eH ne-
peKpbIToro CBeTo<lJopa (rrpll OTKa3ax);
- e03MOJIC1l0Cmb 3a(Ja1lUR peJICUMa aemo(JeucmeUR B nlO60M rrOe3.IJ:HOM MaprnpYTe;
- UIl(JueU(JyaflbIlYlO ebl(JepJlCKY epeMellU .lJ:nSl Ka:>K.AOrO OTKpblBaeMoro cBeTo<lJopa;
- UIl(JueU(JYaJlbllblU ommem BbI,IJ;ep:>KKH BpeMeHH ):{IDI Ka)l()]:OrO OTMeHSIeMoro MaprnpYTa, pa3MbI-
KaeMOH ceKl{HH II .lJ:p.
K lIH<lJopMal{lIOHHo-cepBHCHbIM <lJYHKl{HSIM OTHOCSlTCSI: B03MO:>KHOCTb HaKonneHlISi Maprn-
PYTOB KaK no BpeMeHH, TaK H no oqepe,lUf; <lJopMlIpoBaHlie Ha 3KpaHe fI3BM PM ,n:CfI pa3nllq-
HbIX co06rn:eHlIH 0 XO.IJ:e TeXHOnOrHqeCKOrO npol{ecca, Bbmaqe B He06xo.AlIMbIX cnyqaSlx rono-
COBbIX II 3BYKOBbIX co06rn:eHlIH; Y.IJ:06CTBO BBO.Aa ynpaBnSlIOrn:Hx KOMaH,lJ;; B03MO:>KHOCTb ynpaB-
neHHSI MHoronporpaMMHoH OqllCTKOH cTpenoK II .Ap.
Oc060 Ba)l(HOH HOBOH <lJYHKl.{HeH SlBlliIeTCSI npoToKonHpoBaHlle II xpaHeHlle B apxHBe Bcero XO.Aa
TeXHOnOrHqecKoro npOl{ecca II B03MO:>KHOCTb lIcnonb30BaHHSI BceX CBe.IJ:eHllH ):{IDI aHaJIlI3a nOe3.l(-
HOH clIT)'al{HH H pa60Tocnoc06HoCTH ycrpOHCTB CHCTeMbI 3Q-EM. Ha OCHOBe aHaJIH3a 3anliceH H3
apXHBa 0 pa60Te HanonbHoro 060pY.AOBaHIDI MOryr BblSlBlliITbCSI nepeMe:>KalOrn:HecSi HellcnpaBHoc-
TH HanOnbHbIX ycrpOHCTB 3Q, qTO .lJ:aer B03MO:>KHOCTb HCnOJTh30BaHIDI 3TOH lIH<lx>PMal{HH B APM
3neKTpoMeXaHlIKa CQE.
Ha nepBoM 3Tane OnbITHOH 3KcrmyaTal{HH CHCTeMbI 3Q-EM .Ae:>KYPHbIH no CTaHl{HH rrpll33,[{a-
HlIli MaprnpYToB BbIIIonHSleT .l(onOJIHHTenbHOe 3aMbII<aHlle crpenOK nYTeM CHSITIDI pa60qero IIHTa-
HIDI BceX crpenOK CTaHl{HH Ha:>KaTHeM Cnel{HaJIbHOH KHorrKH .AOnOnHHTenbHoro 3aMbIKaHHSI 3fIK.
fIpll3ToM Ha rrynbTe npSlMOrrpOBO.IJ:HOrO yrrpaaneHIDI II KOHTpOlliI BIilllOqeHa HH,lJ;HKIDI COCTOSIHIDI
penbCOBbIX l{eneH II KOHTponb nOnO:>KeHIDI crpenOK):{IDI 06eCneqeHIDI B03MO:>KHOCTH KOHTpOlliI ,n:CfI
npaBHJIbHOCTH lIH.l(lIKal{HH Ha MOHHTope fI3BM PM ,n:CfI. BBe.AeHHe .AOnOJIHHTenbHbIX Mep 6e30-
nacHOCTH 06ycnoBneHo eCTeCTBeHHbIM :>KenaHlleM p83pa60PIHKOB «nepecrpaxoBaTbCSI» Ha HaqaJIb-
HOH CT3,[{Hli OIIbITHOH 3KcrmyaTaI.{liH CHCTeMbI.
fIocne ycnernHoro 3aBeprneHlISi 3Tana lICnblTaHliH CliCTeMbI C .lJ:OnOnHHTenbHbIMH MepaMli
6e30nacHocTlili npll ycnoBlIlI, qTO He 6Y.AeT 3aperllCTplipOBaHO Hli O.IJ:HOrO onaCHoro OTKa3a,
Ha BTOpOM 3Tane npOBe.AeHlISi OnblTHOH 3KcnnyaTal{lIH .l(OnOnHlITenbHbIX Mep 6e30naCHOCTli
He nOTpe6yeTCSI.
Ha pliC. 2.45 H 2.46 (BIilleHKH) npllBe.l(eHbI cxeMbI ynpaBneHlISili KOHTpOlliI ClirnaJIbHbIMli nOKa-
3aHIDIMli BXO.AHOrO cBeTo<lJopa B CliCTeMe 3Q-EM.
BbI60p ClirnaJIbHblX nOKa3aHliH ocyrn:eCTBlliIeTCSI <lJpOHTOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH cooTBeTCTBYIOrn:HX
CHrHaJIbHbIX pene BXO.l(HOrO cBeTo<lJopa H: HC, H3C, HMrC, HfIC. Qenll B036Y:>K.n:eHllSl3THx pene
<lJOpMlIPYIOTCSI qepe3 <lJpOHTOBbIe KOHTaKTbI Cnel{HaJIbHbIX lIHTep<lJeHcHbIx CHrHaJIbHbIX pene -
HCI1, H3CI1, HMrCI1, HfICI1. I1HTep<lJeHcHbIe pene Tlina ,n:3-2700 nO.AIilllOqeHbI K BbIXO.AaM MO-
.AyneH YBK. TaKHM 06P830M, npoBepKa He06xo.IJ:HMbIX ycnoBliH 06eCneqeHlISi 6e30naCHOCTH .ABlI-
:>KeHHSI nOe3.l(a B MaprnpYTax nplieMa Ha CTaHl{lIlO BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI nporpaMMHbIM cnoc060M cpe.IJ:-
CTBaMli 3neKTpoHHOH TeXHlIKH.
fIlITaHHe naMn KpacHoro orHSIli n)'HHo-6enoro (nplirnaCliTenbHoro) ocyrn:eCTBnSleTCSI nonlOca-
MH IIHTaHHSI fIO H MO OT BbIIIpSlMliTenbHoro 6noKa EB C pe3epBOM OT aKK}'MynSiTopHoH 6aTapeH.
TIepeIilllOqeHlIe naMn :>KenTOrO II 3eneHoro orHeH npll neperopaHHlI OCHOBHbIX HliTeH HaKaJIa Ha
pe3epBHbIe HliTH ocyrn:eCTBnSleTCSI TbillOBbIMli KOHTaKTaMli BcnOMoraTenbHoro pene COOTBeTCTBliSi
HCO, pacnOnO:>KeHHbIe B peneHHoM rnKa<lJy, KOTopoe HOpMaJIbHO HaxO.IJ:HTCSI B 06eCTOqeHHOM co-
CTOSlHlIli (CM. pliC. 2.46). 3TO pene, SlBnSlSlCb rroBTopliTeneM nOCTOBoro pene, nonaeT nliTaHlie !'
qepe3 <lJPOHTOBOH KOHTaKT ClirHaJIbHOrO pene HC, T.e. npll HaJIlIqllll KOMaH,ZJ;bI Ha OTKpbITlie BXO.IJ:-
Horo cBeTo<lJopa Ha nOCTY 3Q.
rOpeHlIe Ha cBeTo<lJope MliralOrn:ero 6enoro orHSI ocyrn:eCTBnSleTCSI <lJPOHTOBbIMli KOHTaKTaMli
pene HfIMr II H<I>KM. fIocne cpa6aTbIBaHliSi nOCTOBoro ClirHaJIbHOrO pene HfIC lIMnynbcHoe
144

nHTaHHe llllJIM H llMJIM nO.IJ:aeTCSI B Ka6eJIbHbIe npoBO.IJ:a HllMrc 1I HOllMrc, K KOTOpbIM B
peJIeHHOM IIIKa<lJy nO.IJ:KJIlOqeHO peJIe HllMr (KOHTpOJISI ropeHlISi JIaMnbI JIyHHO-6eJIoro npllrJIa-
CHTeJIbHOrO OlliSi B MlIraIOIl{eM pe)l(llMe). llOCTOBoe npllrJIaClITeJIbHOe ClirHaJIbHOe peJIe HllC
nOJIyIlaer nHTaI:llIe no 06MoTKe 1-3 qepe3 <lJpoHTOBOH KOHTaKT lIHTep<lJeHcHoro peJIe HllCI1 (CM.
pliC. 2.45), a no 06MoTKe 2-4 - 'Iepe3 KOHTaKTbI Ha:>KaTOH KHonKli HllC, pacnOJIO:>KeHHOH Ha
rryJIbTe aBapHiiHoro yrrpaBJIeHlISi CliCTeMbI 3U-EM (PliC. 2.47). KOHTpoJIb BI<JIIOqeHIDI npllrJIaCll-
TeJIbHOrO CHrHaJIa oCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI MliraHlieM KOHTpOJIbHOH JIaMnbI :>KeJITOrO IJ;BeTa, pacnoJIo-
:>KeHHOH Ha aBapllHHoM rryJIbTe )J,Cll.
I1MnYJIbcHaSi pa60Ta peJIe HllMr KOHTpOJIHpyercSi cxeMoH .lJ:BYX KOHTpOJIbHbIX peJIe: H <I> KM
1I HTKM. llp1l3aMbIKaHlili <lJPOHTOBbIX KOHTaKTOB peJIe HllMr 1I H<I>KM BKJIIOqaeTCSI JIaMna
JIYHHo-6eJIoro orHSI, a npll lIX pa3MbIKaHHlI - BbIKJIIOqaeTCSI. I1cnpaBHocTb HHTli :noH JIaMnbI
KOHTpOJIlipyeTcSI orHeBbIM peJIe HEO (02-0,28/150). Ha BpeMSI naY3 TbIJIOBbIM KOHTaKTOM peJIe
HllMr opraH1I3yeTcSI nO.AnHTKa :noro peJIe no BbICOKOOMHOH 06MoTKe, 'ITO npe.AOTBpaIllaer
ero BbIKJIIOqeHlIe. lleperopaHlie OCHOBHOH 1I pe3epBHoH HliTeH JIaMnbI KpacHoro orHSI npllBo-
.AHT K BbIKJIIOqeHHIO Ha nOCTY 3U nOBTOpllTeJIbHOrO orHeBoro peJIe HKO, 1I Ha pe3epBHoM
nYJIbTe B MlIraIOIl{eM pe:>KlIMe 3aropaeTcSI KOHTpOJIbHaSi JIaMna HKO. B cJIyqae B03HlIKHOBeHHSI
Pa3JIHqHbIX HellcnpaBHocTeH B peJIeHHOM IIIKa<lJy BbIKJIIOqaeTCSI KOHTpOJIbHOe peJIe HKI1 (CM.
pliC. 2.46). Ero nOBTOpllTeJIb Ha nocTY 3U TaK:>Ke BbIKJIIOqaeTCSI H Ha aBapllHHoM nYJIbTe 3aro-
paeTcSI JIaMna KpacHoro IJ;BeTa HellcnpaBHocTli HKI1 (pliC. 2.47, BKJIeHKa).
YnpaBJIeHHe 06'beKTaMli IJ;eHTpaJI1I3aIJ;1I111111x KOHTpOJIb BbIIIOJIHSlIOTCSI B peaJIbHOM BpeMe-
HH C pa60qero MeCTa .Ae:>KypHoro no CTaHIJ;lIH (PM )J,Cll), 060pY.IJ:OBaHHOro TpeMSI ll3BM H
ynpoIlleHHbIM pe3epBHbIM nYJIbTOM-Ta6JIo npSlMOnpOBO.AHOH lIH):{lIKaIJ;lIli H ynpaBJIeHlISi (CM.
pliC. 2.47). B npoIJ;ecce <lJYHKIJ;1I0HHpOBaHliSi CliCTeMbI .ABe ll3BM HaXO.ASlTCSI B pa60qeM pe:>KlI-
Me, O.IJ:Ha - B XOJIO.AHOM pe3epBe. KaJK.D:aSl ll3BM <lJH311qeCKli CBSl3aHa C .lJ:BYMSI pa3JIlIqHbIMli
BbIqllCJIlITeJIbHbIMH KaHaJIaMli YBK. Y CTaHOBKa MapIIIpYTOB, nOJIO:>KeHlIe CTpeJIOK, nOKa3aHHe
cBeTo<lJopoB, COCTOSlHlIe 1I30JIlipOBaHHbIX yqaCTKOB nYTlI, CTpeJIOqHbIX CeKIJ;lIH, nplieMO-OTnpa-
BOqHbIX nYTeH, yqaCTKOB npH6JIlI:>KeHlISili ynaJIeHHSI, a TaK:>Ke .Apyrllx 06'beKTOB KOHTpOJIHPy-
eTCSI Ha 3KpaHe MOHliTopa PM )J,Cll. llpH 60JIbIIIHX paHoHax ynpaBJIeHlISi .AOnycKaeTcSI .lJ:eJIe-
HHe CTaHIJ;lIli Ha 30HbI ynpaBJIeHlISi C BbI.AeJIeHlIeM caMOCTOSlTeJIbHbIX KOMnJIeKTOB opraHoB
ynpaBJIeHlISili KOHTpOJISIlIJISi Ka:>KnOH 1I3 30H. Bce KOMnJIeKTbI PM )J,Cll apxlIBlIpYIOT TeKYIl{lIe
C06bITHSI 1I npe.IJ:OCTaBJISIIOT B03MO:>KHOCTb peTpocneKTlIBHoro npocMoTpa COCTOSlHlISi nOe3.A-
HOH 06cTaHoBKlI. B3allMO.IJ:eHCTBlie KaJK.D:OrO PM )J,Cll 1I YBK oCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI qepe3 rpynny
lIHTep<lJeHcoB nOCJIe.IJ:OBaTeJIbHOrO 06MeHa .AaHHbIX.
OnepaTHBHaSI lIH<lJopMaIJ;lli.I 0 XO.Ae TeXHOJIOrHqeCKOrO npoIJ;ecca 1I COCTOSlHHlI 06'beKTOB ynpaB-
JIeHIDI nepe.AaercSi B ll3BM, BXOlISlIllHe B COCTaB PM )J,Cll, 1I oT06pa:>KaerCSI Ha 3KpaHax lIX MOHlI-
TOpOB. )J,Cll lIMeer B03MO:>KHOCTb BBO.IJ:HTb ynpaBllilIOIl{He KOMaH):{bI npll nOMOIl{H KJIaBlIaT)'pbI lIJIH
MaHHrryJISITOpa «MbIIIIb»; paCneqaTbIBaTb npll nOMOIl{lI npllHTepa npOTOKOJI pa60TbI YCTpoHCTB 1I
.AeHCTBHH )J,Cll.
Co06Il{eHllSlllCnOJIb3YIOTCSI):{IDI nepe.IJ:aqH lIH<lJopMaIJ;HlI )J,Cll OT CliCTeMbI 3U-EM H BbIBOlISlTCSI
Ha 3KpaH IJ;BerHOrO .IJ:lIcnJIeSi. OCHOBHOH 3KpaH no <lJYHKUliOHaJIbHOMY Ha3HaqeHHIO pa36HT Ha OT-
.lJ:eJIbHbIe 06JIacTH (oKHa):
- OKHO coo6U/eHuu (npe.IJ:Ha3HaqeHO .lJ:JISI BbIBO.Aa TeXHOJIOrllqeCKliX 1I CliCTeMHbIX C006Il{eHHH,
npllIlle.IJ:IIIHX C YBK);
- OKHO 3anpocoe, KOTopbIe Tpe6YIOT nO.IJ:TBepJK.D:eHlISi KaKllX-JIlI60 .AeHCTBHH CliCTeMbI 1I conpo-
BOJK.D:aIOTCSl3BYKOBbIM ClIrHaJIOM (HanpliMep, nO.IJ:TBep.lJ:llTe HJIli OTMeHlITe He06xo.IJ:HMOCTb CHSITHSI
6JIOKllpOBKlI);
- OKHO meKyU/e20 cocmORHUR YBK 1I .lJ:p.
TeXHOJl02UlieCKUe coo6U/eHuR lIH<lJOpMlIPYIOT )J,Cll 0 xone TeXHOJIOrHqeCKOrO npoIJ;ecca, 06 1I3-
MeHeHHlI COCTOSlHlISi HanOJIbHbIX YCTPOHCTB 1I T.n. (HanpHMep, 3a.IJ:aeTCSI Maprnp)'T, HeB03MO:>KHa
HCKYCC'fBeHHaSi pa3.IJ:eJIKa, pa30MKHYJIaCb CeKIJ;lIS1, 3anYIl{eHO aBTO.IJ:eHCTBHe, CMeHa HanpaBJIeHHSI,
6JIOKHpOBKa 1I .lJ:p.).
10 11.11. Pora.eBa
145

CliCTeMHbIe C006Il{eHHSI lIH<pOpMlIpYIOT 0 COCTOSlHlIli H HeHcnpaBHOCTH CliCTeMbI H Tpe6YIOT
BMernaTeJIbCTBa 06CJIY:>KHBalOIl{erO nepcOHaJIa (HanpliMep, oTcyrCTBHe nHTaHIDI HanOJIbHbIX 06'beK-
TOB; C60H B npOrpaMMe YBK; OTKJIlOqeHHe rpynnbI ueneH ynpaBJIeHlISi HJIH KOHTpOJISI; CliCTeMa
CBB pa60Taer B rnTaTHOM pe:>KHMe; CliCTeMa nepeKJIlOqeHa Ha pe3epBHbIH nYJIbT lILJ;p.).
C006Il{eHlISi 06 ornH6Kax nOLJ;aIOTCSI npH orn1l6Kax )J,Cll B Ha60pe ynpaBJlSlIOIl{eH .AlIpeKTlIBbI.
KOHTpOJIb <pH.AepoB nHTaHllSI BbIBe.AeH Ha rryJIbT-Ta6JIo rrpSiMOrrpOBOLJ;HOro ynpaBJIeHIDI H KOHT-
pOJISI (CM. pliC. 2.47). KOHTpOJIb 1I30.JUIIJ;HlI ueneH rrHTaHIDI BbIBeLJ;eH Ha MOHllTOp ll3BM PM )J,Cll H
Ha rryJIbT-Ta6JIo npSlMOnpOBOLJ;HOrO yrrpaBJIeHlISili KOHTpOJISI. )J,onOJIHlITeJIbHbIH KOHTpOJIb pa60TbI
MlIKponpOl.{eccopHoH L{eHTpaJI1I3aI.{H1I3Q-EM OCYIl{ecTBJlSleTCSI Ha APM 3JIeKTpoMexaHHKa CQE.
llpH 3a,n:aHHH MaprnpYToB CTpeJIKH MOryr nepeBOLJ;HTbCSI aBTOMaTHqeCKH 1I lIH,lJ;HBH.AYaJIbHO. )J,.rrSi
lIH,L(HKal.{HH BeJIWHfHbI nOTpe6J1S1eMOrO TOKa npll nepeBO.Ae Ha rryJIbTe npSlMOrrpOBOLJ;HOrO yrrpaBJIe-
HIDI YCTaHOBJIeH aMnepMeTp. llpll LJ;JIlITeJIbHOH pa60Te CTpeJIOK Ha <pPHKI.J;HIO npe.lJ:)'cMoTpeHa .AH-
peKTHBa «BbIKJIlOqeHHe CTpeJIKH», a npll aBapllHHoM yrrpaBJIeHHH - KHOnKa-Cqe'NliK «CqBll» }J)UI
BbIKJIlOqeHIDI IIHTIlHIDI CTpeJIOK.
Oc06eHHocTli nocTpoeHlISi OTLJ;eJIbHbIX ::meMeHTOB cxeM ynpaBJIeHlISi CTpeJIKaMH nOKa3aHbI
Ha pHC. 2.48. ABTOMaTlIqeCKliH nepeBOLJ; CTpeJIOK oCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI qepe3 KOHTaKTbI ynpaBJISlIO-
Il{HX lIHTep<peHcHbIx peJIe llYl1l1JIli MYI1 Tlina L{3-2700, KOTopbIe nOLJ;KJIlOqeHbI K MO.AYJIIO
MBY. )J,JISI HH,lJ;lIBH.AYaJIbHOrO nepeBO.Aa B nJIIOCOBOe lIJIH MliHycoBoe nOJIO:>KeHlIe Ha nYJIbTe
aBapHHHoro ynpaBJIeHlISi pacnOJIO:>KeHbI CTpeJIOqHbIe KHonKH (CM. pliC. 2.47), KOHTaKTaMH KO-
TOpbIX BbIIIOJIHeHO nOLJ;KJIlOqeHHe npOBOLJ;aMli PllY 1I PMY K TbIJIOBbIM KOHTaKTaM peJIe llYl1l1
MYI1 C npoBepKoH CB060.AHOCTH CTpeJIOqHOH CeKl.{lIH. llpll JIO:>KHOH 3aHSITOCTli CeKl.{lIli )J,Cll
lICnOJIb3yeT KHonKY-CqeTqllK BcnOMOraTeJIbHOrO nepeBOLJ;a YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM B lIHCTPYKI.{HH Qlll-
530 nopMKoM. KOHTpOJIb nOJIO:>KeHlISi CTpeJIOK B pe:>KlIMe pa60TbI C YBK opraH1I3yeTcSI qepe3
MOLJ;YJIb MCI1, a B lIH,lJ;HBH.AYaJIbHOM pe:>KHMe C aBapllHHoro nYJIbTa npe.AycMoTpeHbI cTpeJIoq-
HbIe KOHTpOJIbHbIe peJIe, BKJIlOqeHHbIe no TlinOBOH cxeMe. KOHTaKTaMli 3THX peJIe BKJIlOqaIOT-
CSI KOHTpOJIbHbIe JIaMnbI Ha nYJIbTe no :>KlIJIaM Kll, KM 1I KO.
MaKem dnJlBbllUllOlleHuJI cmpenOK B CliCTeMe 3Q-EM (pHC. 2.49) co.n;ep:>KlIT MaKeTHbIH rnJIaHr;
6JIOK IIHTaHIDI MEll; peJIe KM - KOHTpOJISI nO.AKJIlOqeHIDI MaKera KJIHHeHHbIM npOBO.AaM BbIKJIlOqa-
eMoH crperr:KlI; KK - KOHTpOJlSl3aMbIKaHIDI KOHTaKTOB rryCKOBOro peJIe npll YCTaHoBKe MaKera; MllK
H MMK - KOHTpOJIbHbIe CTpeJIOqHbIe peJIe MaKera, lIMHTHpYIOIl{He IUIIOCOBoe IUIH MHH)'coBoe nOJIO-
:>KeHlIe CTpeJIKlI, BbIKJIlOqeHHOH H3 3aBliCliMOCTlI; Mllll - npoTliBonoBTopHoe peJIe nOLJ;KJIlOqeHIDI
MaKera, <PlIKcHpYIOIl{ee B03BpaT KOMMYTaTopa MaKeTa B lICXO.AHOe (cpeLJ;Hee) nOJIO:>KeHlIe.
lloLJ;KJIlOqeHlle MaKera K rryCKOBbIM 1I KOHTpOJIbHbIM l.{eIISIM yrrpaBJIeHIDI BbIKJIlOqaeMOH crperr:KlI
IIpOH3BO.lUITCSI MaKeTHbIM llIJIaHrOM, O.IJ:HH KOHel.{ KOToporo nOLJ;KJIlOqaeTCSI K KJIeMMHOH naHeJIlI CTpeJI-
KH Ha KpOCCOBOM CTaTHBe, a .ApyroH - K KJIeMMHOH naHeJIH MaKeTa. B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeMeHHbIH
TOK, nocryrraBlmrn 1I3 KOHTpOJIbHOH l.{enH crperr:KlI, nO.lJ:K1llOqeHHOH K MaKery, qepe3 cOOTBerCTB)'IO-
Il{He KJIeMMbI nOLJ;aercSi Ha 0.ll:HY 1I3 06MOTOK TpaHc<PopMaTopa B 6JIOKe MEll. BTopwIHaSi 06MOTKa
TpaHc<PopMaTopa HarpY:>KeHa BbIIIpSiMlITeJIbHbIM MOCTOM, K BbIXO.AY KOToporo nO.AKJIlOqeHO peJIe
KOHTpOJISI MaKera KM. 31'0 KOHTpOJIbHOe peJIe cpa6aTbIBaer. Ha rryJIbTe aBapllHHoro yrrpaBJIeHIDI
HaqJfHaer MHraTb KpacHaSI JIaMna K-M, a B peJIeHHOM nOMerueHHH 3aropaercSi KOHTpOJIbHaSI JIaMna
JIM. EcJrn PYKoSlTKa MaKeTIl HaXOLJ;HTCSI B CpeLJ;HeM nOJIO:>KeHllH, BKJIlOqaerCSI rrpoTHBonoBTopHoe
pene Mllll. B cxeMe BbIKJIlOqaeMOH CTpeJIKH cpa6aTbIBaeT ynpaBJlSlIOIl{aSI I.{enb H nOLJ;aercSi HanpSl-
:>KeHlle B pa60qylO I.{enb. OT 3Toro HanpSl:>KeHIDI B cxeMe MaKera BKJIlOqaerCSI peJIe KK. KOHTaKTbI
pene KK, Mllll 1I MllC 3aMbIKaroT I.{enb KOHTpoJIbHOrO CTpeJIOqHOrO peJIe MaKera MllKIUIH MMK
B 3aBliCHMOCTH OT nOJIO:>KeHIDI PYKOSITKH KOMMYTaTopa MaKera PKM. PeJIe MllK (MMK) CBOllMH
KOHTaKTaMH nO.AKJIlOqaeT .AHO.AbI VD 1, VD2, lIMlITHpYIOIl{He HaJIlIqHe BbIIIpSlMHTeJIbHOrO CToJI611Ka
B KOHTpOJIbHOH l.{eIIH cxeMbI yrrpaBJIeHIDI, BbIKJIlOqeHHOH 1I3 l.{eHTpaJll:l3aI.{HH CTpeJlKll.
B nOe3.AHbIX MaprnpYTax cBeTo<popbI oTKpbIBalOTcSI C KOHTpOJIeM 3aMbIKaHliSi MaprnpYTa npH
CB060.AHOM MaprnpYTe, COOTBeTCTBlili nOJIO:>KeHHSI CTpeJIOK no MaprnpYTY H oxpaHHbIx, OTCYT-
CTBIDI Bpa:>KLJ;e6HblX YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX MaprnpYToB 1I CB060.AHOCTH rryrH rrplieMa HJIli OLJ;HOrO yqaCTKa
Y.AaJIeHlISi. llepeKpbIBalOTcSI cBeTo<popbI no i)upeKmuBaM OTMeHbI MaprnpYTa HJIli 6JIOIillpOBKlI
146


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PIIC. 2.49. CxeMa MaKeTa CTpeJ1KIf B CIfCTeMe 3lJ,-EM

cBeTo<lJopa; np" BCTynJIeHlUl nO.ABlI)KHOH e,IJJlHlIIJ;bI 3a cBeTo<lJop (qepe3 5-6 C np" HOpMaJIb-
HOM npOCJIe.IJ:OBaH"lIl1JI" qepe3 3--4 C npll .lJ:BlI)I(eH"lI KOpOTKOH nO.IJ:BlI)I(HOH e.IJ:lIHlIIJ;bI no KO-
POTK"M peJIbCOBbIM IJ;enSlM); npll HaJIO)l(eHlIli rnYHTa Ha O.AHY lIJI" HeCKOJIbKO peJIbCOBbIX IJ;e-
neH Ha BpeMSI 60JIee 5 c; npll npOna.IJ:aHlili KOHTpOJISI nOJIO)l(eH"SI O.IJ:HOH "JIll HeCKOJIbKlIX cTpe-
JIOK Ha BpeMSI 60JIee 5 c; npll npOSlBJIeH"lI Bpa)l(.lJ:e6HOCTeH; npll HellcnpaBHocTSIX cBeTo<lJopa,
np"BO.IJ:SlIl{"X K ero noracaHliIO (HanpliMep, neperOpaHlI" OCHOBHOH" pe3epBHoH HliTli JIaMnbI
pa3pernaIOIl{erO nOKa3aHlISI); npll Ha)l(aTlI" KHOnK" 3KcTpeHHoro nepeKpbITliSi ClirHaJIOB (CqAY)
Ha aBap"HHOM nYJIbTe-Ta6JIo npSlMOnpOBO.AHOrO ynpaBJIeHlISi " KOHTpOJISI.
TIp"rJIaClITeJIbHbIe ClirHaJIbI cBeTo<lJopoB B rnTaTHOM pe)l("Me pa60TbI CliCTeMbI OTKpbIBa-
IOTCSI C KOHTpOJIeM 3aMbIKaHliSi 1I cB060.IJ:HOCTli MaprnpYTa, npaBlIJIbHOrO nOJIO)l(eH"SI cTpe-
JIOK no MaprnpYTY 1I oxpaHHbIx, OTCYTCTBliSi Bpa)l(.Ae6HOCTeH 1I CB060.IJ:HOCTli nYTlI nplieMa
"JIll nepBoro yqaCTKa Y.lJ:aJIeHlISI, Ha)l(aTliSi cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{eH KHOnK" np"rJIaC"TeJIbHOrO
ClirHaJIa Ha nYJIbTe-Ta6JIo aBapllHHoro ynpaBJIeHlISi 1I KOHTpOJISI (He OCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI npo-
BepKa OT.lJ:eJIbHbIX YCJIOBliH 6e30naCHOCT", nepeqeHb KOTOpbIX 6bIJI 3a.AaH B .lJ:lIpeKT"Be YCTa-
HOBK" .lJ:aHHOrO MaprnpYTa). TIepeKpbIBaeTCSI npllrJIaClITeJIbHbIH ClirHaJI cBeTo<lJopoB npll OT-
nYCKaH"" KHOnK"; npll BCTynJIeH"lI Ha MaprnpYT lIJIli np" HaJIO)l(eHlIlirnYHTa; npll nponal{a-
Hlill KOHTpOJISI nOJIO)l(eHlISi CTpeJIKlI Ha BpeMSI 60JIee 5 C 1I npll neperOpaH"" H"Tli JIaMnbI
JIYHHo-6eJIoro orHSI.
MaHeBpoBbIe cBero<lJopbI nepeKpbIBaIOTcSI no CneIJ;"aJIbHbIM .IJ:"peKTHBaM: npll Bcryrr.rreH"" Ma-
HeBpoBoro COCTaBa 3a cBero<lJop " oCB060)l()J;eHlI" ceKu;"" nepe.A CBeTO<lJOpOM mIll oCB060)l(l{eHlI"
nepBoH ceKIJ;"" 3a CBeTO<lJOpOM; OCa)l{lIBaH"" COCTaBa; HaJIO)l(emm II.JYHTa HJI" np" npona.uaH""
KOHTpOJUI nOJIO)l(emrn crpeJIKH; npOSlBJIeH"" Bpa)l()J;e6HOCTeH; neperOpaHlI" H"T" JIaMnbI 6eJIoro
OlliSl; Ha)l(aTHH KHOnK" 3KCTpeHHoro nepeKpbITIDI ClirHaJIOB.
OmMeHa MapmpymoB n03BOnJlem: nepeKpbITb cBeTo<lJop He3aBliCliMO OT Toro, C06JIIO.AeHbI "JIll
HeT YCJIOB"SI OTMeHbI; OTKa3aTbCSI OT YCTaHoBKlI MaprnpYTa, .lJ:a)l(e eCJIli ceKIJ;"lI eIl{e He 3aMKH)'TbI; C
npOBepKOH YCJIOBliH 6e30naCHOCTli pa30MKHYTb Bce ceKIJ;lI", BXO.ASlIl{"e B .lJ:aHHbIH MaprnpYT (npll
CB060.AHOM yqaCTKe np1l6JIlI)I(eHlISi K MaprnpYTY 1I C06JIIO.lJ:eHlIli YCJIOBliH 6e30naCHOCTli MaprnpYT
OTMeHSleTCSI cpa3Y 1I Bbl,UaeTCSI C006Il{eH"e, HanpliMep: «DmMella MapUlpyma om ceemopopa M 5» );
np1l3aHSIToM yqacTKe np"6JIlI)I(eHlISi K MaprnpYTY 1I C06JIIO.lJ:eH"" YCJIOBliH 6e30nacHoCTll MaprnpYT
OTMeHllTb C Bbl,Uep)l(KOH BpeMeHlI. TIp1l3TOM B HaqaJIe Bbl,Uep)l(KlI MSI nOe3.IJ:HblX MaprnpYToB Bbl,Ua-
eTCSI C006Il{eHlIe: «CTee=3 MUll OmMellRemCR MapUlpym om H2».
HCKyccmBeHHaJI pa3denKa ceKl{uii BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI BBel{eHlIeM .lUfpeKT"B MSI BceX pa3MbIKaeMbIX
ceKu;"H: I1P (ceKIJ;. 1) (ceKIJ;. 2) (ceKIJ;. 3.) (ceKu;. 4). TIocJIe BocnpllSiTIDI 3THX .lJ:lIpeKTlIB C"CTeMO:H
::nJ,-EM Ha CXeMaTHqeCKOM nJIaHe CTaHIJ;"" oT06pa)l(aeTCSllIH,UHKaIJ;"SllIcKYCCTBeHHo pa3.AeJIbIBae-
MbIX CeKu;"H (MlIraIOIl{ee 1I306pIDKeHlIe) 1I Bbl,UaeTCSI C006Il{eHlIe 0 HaqaJIe lICKYCCTBeHHoH pa3.IJ:eJI-
K" .lJ:aHHOH CeKu;"lI: «HatJama uCKyccmeellllaR pa3(JenKa.. .».
ECJIli no KaK"M-JI1I60 npllq"HaM HeB03MO)l(HO pa30MKHYTb l{aHHYIO CeKIJ;lIIO, TO BbI.AaeTCSI
C006Il{eHlIe: «Hee03MO;JIClla uCKyccmeellllaR pa3(JenKa.. .».
TaKliMli npWIliHaMli MorYT 6bITb: nOnbITKa 3a.IJ:aHlISiliCKYCCTBeHHOH pa3.AeJIKlI; nonbITKa 3a.IJ:a-
HlISiliCKYCCTBeHHOH pa3.IJ:eJIKlI ceKIJ;"lI, BXO.ASlIl{eH B MaprnpYT C OTKpbITbIM cBeTo<lJopoM (BO 1I36e-
)l(aHlie nepeKpbITliSi ClirHaJIa); nonbITKa 3a.IJ:aHliSi "CKYCCTBeHHOH pa3.IJ:eJIKlI ceKIJ;lI", MSI KOTOpOH
.IJ:"peKTlIBa lICKYCCTBeHHOH pa3.IJ:eJIKlI paHee Y)I(e BBe.AeHa, HO CeKIJ;lISi eIl{e He Pa30MKHYJIaCb.
B cJIyqae OTKa3a MlIKpOnpOIJ;eCCOpHbIX YCTPOHCTB, KaK 6bIJIO OTMeqeHO BbIrne, npe.IJ:ycMoT-
peH nYJIbT npSlMOnpOBO.IJ:HOrO ynpaBJIeHlISi. TIYJIbT-Ta6JIo npSlMOnpOBO.IJ:HOH "H,UlIKaIJ;lIli
" ynpaBJIeHlISi (CM. pliC. 2.47) "CnOJIb3yeTcSI B CliCTeMe l{JISI BbIIIOJIHeHlISi HeKoTopbIX cneIJ;"-
aJIbHbIX <lJYHKIJ;"H ynpaBJIeHlISi (KHonKli BKJIIOqeHlISI pe)l(lIMa ropeHlISI ClirHaJIOB «.ueHb/HOqb»,
PYKoSlTKa MSI YCTaHoBKlI MaKeTa CTpeJIKlI, KJIIOq-)I(e3JI lI.IJ:p.).
Pe)l(lIM aBapllHHoro ynpaBJIeH"SI n03BOJISIeT )J,CTI oCYIl{eCTBJISlTb nepeBO.IJ: CTpeJIOK, BKJIIO-
qaTb npllrJIaClITeJIbHbIe ClirHaJIbI, OC)'Il{eCTBJISlTb BcnoMOraTeJIbHbIH nepeBO.A crpeJIOK npll JIO)l(HOH
3aHSITOCTli CTpeJIOqHbIX ceKIJ;lIH, YCTaHaBJIliBaTb HanpaBJIeHlIe .ABlI)I(eH"SI Ha np"JIeraIOIl{lIX
neperoHax, a TaK)I(e nOJIyqaTb lIH<lJopMaIJ;lIIO 0 COCTOSlH"lI peJIbCOBbIX IJ;eneH lI.IJ:Pyr"x 06'beK-
149

TOB. OTKa3 OT TaKOrO nynbTa npSlMonpOBo,n:Horo ynpaBnem:lSl B03MO:>KeH np" rrepeHoce 60nb-
llIllHCTBa Cnel.{lIanbHbIX <PYHKl.{lIH ynpaBneHlISi Ha TI3BM PM .n;CTI. Ha nynbTe B TaKOM cnyqae
MorYT 6bITb coxpaHeHbI TonbKO KJIIOq"-:>Ke3nbI II PYKoSlTKa MaKeTa cTpenKli.
TaKllM 06pa30M, B C"CTeMe 3U,-EM peanll3YIOTCSI.AOnOnHHTeJIbHbIe U1ujJopMaljUOHHO-cepeuc-
Hble fjJYHKljUU: B03MO:>KHOCTb HaKOlUleHlISi MaprnpYToB KaK no BpeMeHlI, TaK II no oqepe.AlI, <pOpMlI-
pOBaHlle Ha 3KpaHe PM .n;CTI P83JIlIqHbIX co06rn:eHlIH 0 xo,n:e TeXHOnOr"qeCKOrO npol.{ecca, y,n:06-
CTBO BBO.Aa ynpaBJISIIOrn:"X KOMaH.LJ: lI.n:p. BHOBb BBe.AeHHOH <pYHKl.{lIeH B CliCTeMe SlBJISleTCSI npoTO-
KOn"pOBaHlie XO.Aa TeXHOJIOrllqeCKOrO npol.{ecca (ynpaBJISIIOrn:"X ,n:eHCTB"H.n; CTI, peaKl.{lIli Ha HliX
CliCTeMbI, COCTOSlHlISi nOCTOBoro II HanonbHoro 060pY.AOBaHliSi 3U,). TIepeq"CJIeHHbIe CBe,n:eH"SI
<P"KCliPYIOTCSllI xpamrrcSi B apX"Be PM .n;CTI, 3am"rn:eHHOM OT HeCaHKI.{"OHlipOBaHHoro ,n:ocTyna.
3TH CBe,n:eHIDI MOryr 6bITb B nlO60H MOMeHT lI3BJIeqeHbI II npOaHaJll:I3l1pOBaHbI. Ha OCHOBaHlili aHa-
n"3a 3anliceH apX"Ba 0 pa60Te HanonbHoro 060py,n:oBaHliSi (peJIbCOBblX l.{eneH, cBeTo<popoB, CTpe-
nOK lI,n:p.) MorYT BbISlBJISlTbCSI nepeMe:>KalOrn:lIecSi HellcnpaBHOCT" HanOJIbHbIX YCTPOHCTB, qTO .AaeT
B03MO:>KHOCTb "CnOJIb30BaHllSI 3TOH "H<popMalUflI B APM lllH.
Bce 3TlI BBe,n:eHlISi n03BomUIlI cyrn:eCTBeHHO 06nerqllTb TPY,n: .n;CTI II BHeCJIO B lIX pa60TY
3neMeHTbI KOM<popTa (HanpliMep, <POpM"pOBaHlie Ha 3KpaHe MOH"TOpa pa3JIlIqHbIX co06rn:e-
H"H 0 XO.Ae TeXHOnOrllqeCKOrO npOl.{ecca, BbI,n:aqy B He06xo.A"MbIX cnyqaSlX ronOCOBbIX II 3BY-
KOBbIX co06rn:eHlIH, Y.A06CTBO BBo,n:a KOMaH,I:{, B03MO:>KHOCTb ynpaBneH"SI MHoronporpaMMHoH
Oq"CTKOH cTpenoK lI.Ap.).
O,n:HlIM 1I3 ,n:OCTOllHCTB MTIU" SlBlliIercSi B03MO:>KHOCTb ee HenpepbIBHoro cOBeprneHCTBoBaHIDI C
yqeToM nOCTOSlHHoro cOBeprneHcTBoBaHliSi MlIKpOnpOl.{eccOpHbIX " 3neKTpOHHbIX TeXHlIqeCKlIX
cpe.n:cTB. .n;anbHeHrnee p83BlITHe C"CTeMbI 3U,-EM ocyrn:ecTBlliIeTcSI no PSI.D:Y CJIe.A)'IOrn:HX nepcneK-
THBHbIX HanpaBJIeH"H: nepexo.n:y Ha 6eCKOHTaKTHbIe yC'rpoHCTBa yrrpaBJIeHlISi HanonbHbIMli 06'beK-
TaM" 3U, (crpenKaMlI, CBero<popaM" lI,n:p.); qacmqHOH ,n:el.{eHTpanll3aJJ:"" CliCTeMbI npll ynpaBJIe-
H"" Ha"60nee y,n:aneHHbIMli HanonbHbIMli 06'beKTaMli (60nee 3,5 KM); COBMeCTHOH peanll3al.{""
<PYHKI.{"H 3U,lI C"CTeM neperoHHoH aBTOMaT"K" (c 06Il{l1M ynpaBlliIlOrn:"M BbIqllCJIlITeJIbHbIM KOM-
lUIeKcoM); COnpSl:>KeHIDI C KaHano06pa3YIOrn:eH annapaT)'pOH mrneHHbIX II)'HKTOB .n;U,; .n:ononHeHIDI
TeXHlIqeCKliX cpe.ACTB 3U,-EM arrrrapaT)'pOH APMa .wrn 3JIeKTpOMeXaH"Ka.
2.6. OpraHH3aQHH 3JIeKTpOnHTaHHH MHKpOnpOQeCCOpHLIX
QeHTpaJIH3aQHH
HeOTbeMJIeMOH qaCTblO nlO60H C"CTeMbI 3U, SlBlliIlOTCSI "CTOqH"K" 3neKTponHTaH"SI, H83Haqe-
HlIe KOTOpblX 6ecnepe60HHo 06eCneqJfBaTb C"CTeMbI 3neKTpWIeCKOH 3Hepr"eH 1]Je6yeMoro BH.Aa "
KaqecTBa. TI03TOMY lICTOqHlIK" 3JIeKTpOnliTaHllSI B HOBblX CliCTeMax 3U, cyrn:ecTBeHHO lI3MemurnCb:
}'MeHbrnHJI"Cb HX ra6apliTbI, nOBbIC"JICSI KTI.n; 3a cqer npliMeHeH"SI Ha"60nee paJJ:lIOHanbHblX "H-
TerpaJIbHbIX MlIKpocxeM, lIcnonb30BaHIDI BbICOKOqaCTOTHOro npe06pa30BaH"SI 3Hepr"" nOCTOSlH-
Horo TOKa II 3KOHOMlIqHbIX lIMrrynbcHbIX MerO.AOB peryn"pOBaH"SI.
C"CTeMa n"TaHIDI MTIU, Ebilock-950 COOTBerCTByeT 06Il{l1M:.wrn POCC"HCKliX :>KeJIe3HbIX ,n:opor
npllHI.{"naM nocrpoeHIDI CliCTeM nHTaHIDI 3U,. OCHOBHbIMli COCTaBllillOIl{lIMli CUCTeMbI 3neK1]JOIIH-
TaH"SI SlBlliIIOTCSI: BBO.AHbIH rn:"T, Ha KOTOpbIH no,n:aeTCSI n"TaH"e OT .z:J:Byx <pH.AepOB; Cnel.{llaJIbHaSI
naHeJIb KOHTpOJISI II nepeKJIlOqeHIDI <pH.AepOB; lICTOqHllK 6ecnepe60HHoro nHTaHliSi C lI30nupylO-
rn:"M TpaHc<PopMaTopoM; pacnpe,n:eJIlITeJIbHbIH IUHT, C KOToporo pa3BO.A"TCSI nHTaH"e no 06'beKTaM
l.{eHTpMlI3al.{"" - B KOHTeHHepbI 06'beKTHblX KOHTpOJIJIepOB, Ha ycrpoHCTBa l.{eHTpMbHoro npo-
I.{eccopa, .wrn n"TaHIDI annaparypbI aBTOMaT"3"pOBaHHblX pa60qJfx MeCT .n;CTI " 3neK1]JOMexaHlI-
Ka CU,E, Ha CTaT"BbI C peJIeHHbIM 060pY.AOBaHlleM. 0606meHHaSi crpYKT)'pHaSI cxeMbI C"CTeMbI 3JIeK-
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neBbIe nOpTbI (neBbIH H rrpaBbIH) pa60TaIOT TonbKO co cBoeH qaCTbIO neTnM. Pa3.n;eneHMe neTnM
npOMcxo.n;HT Beer.n;a, Kor.n;a KOHueHTpaTOp Hepa60Tocnoco6eH (HanpMMep, Kor.n;a HeT IIHTaHIDI). Bee
06'beKTHbIe KOHTpoIDIepbI, pa60TaIOIUHe Ha 3TOT KOHueHTpaTop, 6y.n;yr aBTOMarnqeCKH OCTaHOBne-
II H. 11. Poral.JeBa
161

HbI, a nOlIcoelIHHeHHbIe K HHM 06'beKTbI ynpaBneHHSI nepeBelIeHbI B 3apaHee onpelIeneHHoe 6e30-
naCHoe COCTOSlHHe.
PeJleiiHO-npou.eccopHaJI cucmeMa «,l(UaJloz-IJ.". ITpoBepKa pa60Tocnoc06HOCTH nporpaMMHO-
ro 06ecneqeHlUl pe3epBHoro CHCTeMHoro 6noKa APM .D:CIT H BTOpOll EM-1602 npOH3BOlIH:TCSI npH
nepeBOlIe COOTBeTCTBYIOHX ycrpOllCTB B pe:>KHM yrrpaBneHH:SI nepHOlIllqecKH OlIHH pa3 B MecSl,
Pa6OTocnoc06HOCTb npOBepSleTCSI no oT06pa:>KeHHIO Ha 3KpaHe MOHH:TOpa lUIaHa CTaHHH H 06'beK-
TOB, a TaIOKe peanH3amm KOMaHlI ynpaBneHHSI.
BcSI annapaTypa CHCTeMbI <<,ZJ;Hanor-L(» pa3MeaeTCSI TaKHM 06pa30M, qT06bI 06eCneqHBanCSI
lIocryn 3KclUIyaTal{HOHHOrO nepCOHana K nHeBbIM CTopOHaM KopnYCOB. ITolIKJIlOqeHHe annapa-
TypbI K nHTalOell CeTH: nepeMeHHoro TOKa npOH3BOlIHTCSI npH nOMOH ceTeBbIX IIlHypOB qepe3
HCTOqHHKH 6ecnepe60llHoro nHTaHHSI B COOTBeTCTBHH C npoeKTOM 060pYlIOBaHHSI. P03eTKH lInSi
nOlIKJIlOqeHHSI ceTeBbIx IIlHypOB cHa6:>KeHbI 3a3eMJISlIOHMH KOHTaKTaMH. EcnH npH BKJIlOqeHHH
HCTOqHHKOB 6ecnepe60llHoro nHTaHHSI Hcnonb3YeTCSI YlInHHH:Tenb ceTeBoro nHTaHHSI, cnY:>KaHll
OlIHOBpeMeHHO lInSi nOlIKJIlOqeHHSI lIpyroll annapaTypbI, He06xolIHMO Cne,llHTb 3a TeM, qT06bI 06-
aSl MOHOCTb nOTpe6neHHSI He npeBbIIllana npe,llenbHO ,llOnYCTHMYIO ,llnSi ,llaHHOrO THna Y,llnH-
HHTenSi.
.D:nSl 06eCneqeHHSI Ha.Ae:>KHOll pa60TbI CHCTeMbI <<,ZJ;Hanor-L(» He ,llorrYCKaeTCSI 3aKpbITHe OTBep-
CTHll, npe,llHa3HaqeHHbIX,llnSi npHHY,llHTenbHOll BeHTH:nSlHH, B npOMbIIllneHHOll MHKp03BM, MO-
HH:TOpaX H HCTOqHHKaX 6ecnepe60llHoro nH:TaHH:SI.
ITepe,ll BBO,llOM B 3KcnnyaTal{H1O H nepHO,llHqeCKH O,llHH pa3 B ro,ll YCTpOllCTBa, HaXO,llSlIl{HeCSI Ha
xpaHeHHH 60nee rO,lla C MOMeHTa HX H3roTOBneHH:SI, ,llOn:>KHbI 6bITb BKJIlOqeHbI B ycnoBHSlX PTY B
pa60qee COCTOSlHHe Ha 2 q npH HOMHHanbHbIX 3HaqeHH:SlX HanpSl:>KeHHSI nH:TaHH:SI. BKJIlOqeHHe arrrra-
parypbI npH BBO,lle B 3KcnnyaTaHIO nHHellHbIx YCTPOllCTB ocyecTBnSleTCSI B onpe,lleneHHOM no-
pSl,llKe: nOCne,llOBaTenbHoll YCTaHoBKH npe,llOXpaHHTenell Ha naHenH CTaTHBa H npoBepKe BKJIlOqe-
HHSI BeHTHJISITOpOB H 6e30naCHOll MHKp03BM (no CBeTOlIHOlIaM, rOpSllI.{HM 3eneHbIM BeTOM).
ITocne,lloBarenbHoe nOSiBneHHe Ha ceMH cerMeHTHbIX HHlIHKaTopax Ha nHeBoll naHeJill MO,llynSi
eH'rpanbHoro npoeccopa L(IT KaKHX- nH60 Hl}>p (1-9) HJIH 6YKB (A-F) 03HaqaeT npaBHJIbHOCTb
nO,llKJIIOQeHH:SI nepHl}>epHllHbIX MO,llynell H :>KrYTOB C COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HMH a,llpeCHbIMH nepeMbIQKa-
MH. OTCYTcTBHe Hl}>pbI, cooTBeTcTBYIOlI.{ell KaKoMy-nH60 a.Apecy, 03HaQaeT OTCYTcTBHe :>KrYTa C
He06xo,llHMbIMH a,llpeCHbIMH nepeMbIQKaMH HJIH HeHcnpaBHocTb MO,llynSi. HanHQHe 6YKBbI «C» C
MHralOlI.{ell 3anSiToll CBH):{eTenbCTBYeT 0 CHHXpOHHOll pa60re 060HX KOMlUIeKTOB EM -1602.
TeXHHQecKoe 06cn)':>KHBaHHe MH:KpOnpOeccopHbIX YCTPOllCTB <<.lJ:uanor-L(» 3aKJIIOQaeTCSI B BbI-
nonHeHHH cne,llYIOIl{HX OCHOBHbIX BH):{OB pa60T:
1- npoBepKa BpeMeHH H ,llaTbI Ha IT3BM npH ce30HHbIX QaCOBbIX nepexo,llax;
2 - npoBepKa HcnpaBHOCTH Bcex pa3'beMHbIX coe,llHHeHHll H QHCTKa YCTpOllCTB;
3,4- npoBepKa pa60Tocnoc06HOCTH nporpaMMHoro 06eCneQeHH:SI Ha pe3epBHOll IT3BM H HC-
TOQHHKOB 6ecnepe60iiHoro nHTaHHSI (npH OTKJIIOQeHHH OT ceTH);
5 - npoBepKa npaBH:nbHOCTH pa60TbI MO,llynell EM -1602 no HHlIHKal{HH Ha nepe,llHHx naHenSlX;
6, 7 - npoBepKa pa60TbI 6noKa BeHTHnSiTopoB EM -1602 (c ol}>opMJIeHHeM 3anHCH B.D:Y -46) H
KaHanOB CB»3H no HHlIHKaHH Ha naHeJill MO,llynSi L(IT H 3KpaHax MOHHTOpOB APM;
8 - 3aMeHa I}>HJIbTpa 6noKa BeHTRITSITOpOB EM -1602;
9- B3aHM03aMeHa OCHOBHOll H pe3epBHOll IT3BM APM;
10 - npoBepKa pa3'beMOB C QaCTHQHOll pa360pKOll H BHYTpeHHHM OCMOTpOM EM -1602.
MHKponpoueccopHbIe YCTpollCTBa 06cnY:>KHBaIOTCSI 3neKTpoMexaHHKoM CL(E He HH::>Ke BOCbMO-
ro pa3pSl,lla: BH):{bI pa60T 6noKoB 2, 6 H 8 BbIIIonHSlIOTCSI COBMeCTHO C 3neKTpoMoHTepoM CL(E, a 9,
10 BbIIIonHSlIOTCSI no,ll PYKOBO,llCTBOM cTapIllero 3neKTpoMexaHHKa CL(E nocne ol}>opMJIeHHSI COOT-
BeTCTBYIOlI.{HX 3anHcell B HaCTonbHOM )J{ypHane.D:Y -46. Pe3ynbTaTbI BbIIIonHeHHSI Bcex BH):{OB pa-
60T ol}>opMlliIIOTCSI B )J{ ypHane lIlY -2.
Ha Bee 0603HaQeHHbIe BbIIlle BH):{bI pa60T ,WISI 06cny:>KHBalOlI.{erO nepcoHana .D:enapTaMeHTOM
aBTOMaTHKH H TeneMexaHHKH pa3pa60TaHbI TeXHonorWIecKH:e KapTbI, OT,llenbHbIe npH:MepbI KOTO-
pbIX npH:Be.AeHbI HIDKe.
162

TEXHOJIOfl11IECKNI KAPT A N!1 2
Qill Ee30nacHaSI MHKp03BM EM-1602; APM: ,l],CII, ,l],HQ, lIlH, cepBep
CTaHI.UfH CBJJ3H, llInlO3 H p.
HaHMeHoBaHHe pa60TbI IIepHo,n:HqHOCTb I1cnonHHTenb
IIpoBepKa l.{enOCTHOCTH Bcex pa3'beMHbIX 2 pa3a B MeCfll.{ 3neKTpoMexaHHK
coe,n:HHeHHH H qHCTKa YCTpOHCTB H ".meKTDOMOHTeU
11 H C T P Y M e H T, MaT e p Ii a n hI: OTBepTKa, 6aTHCT, 4>naHenb, cnHpT.
Hap)')KHbIM OCMOTp 3aKJIlOqaeTCSI B npoBepKe Ha.Ae)l(HOro 3aKpelUIeHlfSi pa3DeMOB, Ka6eJIeM, UIHY-
pOB. CJIe,n:yeT OqHCTHTb YCTpOMCTBa OT nbIJIH CHapY:>KH. ITpOllmJIaKTHqecKHe pa60TbI no OqHCTKe
annaparypbI He06xo,n:HMO npOH3Bo,n:HTb Ha YCTpoMCTBax, pa60TalOll.{HX B pe:>KlfMe KOHTpOJISI. 3anpe-
ll.{aeTCSI HCnOJIb30BaHHe :>KH):{KHX H a3p030JIbHbIX OqHCTHTeJIeM. ,l..(JISI OqHCTKH MOHHTopa ,n:OJI:>KHa
HCnOJIb30BaTbCSI M»rKaSi XJIoIPIaT06YMa:>KHaSi TKaHb.
Qill TEXHOJIOfl1l1ECKNI KAPT A No 6
Ee30nacHaSI MHKp03BM EM-1602
HaHMeHOBaHHe pa60TbI IIepHo,n:HqHOCTb I1cnOJIHHTenb
IIpoBepKa npaBHnbHOCTH pa60TbI Mo,n:yneH EM-1602 1 pro B KBapTan 3neKTpoMexaHHK
no HH,n:HKaI.{HH Ha nepe,n:HHX naHenflX
MO,n:YJIb l{eHTpaJIbHOrO npOl{eCCopa npe,n:Ha3HaqeH ,n:JISI: nocmORHH020 KOHmpollfl npa6WlbHoc-
mu ljJYHKlIUOHup06aHuR YCTPOMCTB EM-1602; c60pa uHljJOPMalluU C ,n:Byxn03Hl{HOHHbIX 06'beKTOB
nocpe,n:CTBOM HHTepl}>eMcHbIX Mo,n:YJIeM TOKOBbIX BbIXO,n:OB, Mo,n:YJIeM BXO,n:OB H HX 06pa60TKY (ne-
pe.n:aqy c06paHHOM HHl}>opMal{HH BO BHeUIHHe KaHaJIbI CBSl3H nocpe,n:CTBOM Mo,n:eMa RJIH npe06pa-
30BaTeJISI); npueMa KOMaHd ynpa611eHUfl nocpe,n:CTBOM Mo,n:eMa RJIH npe06pa30BaTeJISI H3 BHeUIHHX
KaHaJIOB CBSl3H; 06pa60TKY H HX peaJIH3amnO nocpe,n:CTBOM ynpaBJIeHHSI HHTepl}>eMcHbIMH MO,n:y-
JISlMH BbIXO,n:OB.
Pa60Tocnoc06HoCTb EM -1602 npoBepSleTcSI nYTeM KOHTpOJISI HaJIHqHSI HH):{HKal{HH Ha nepe-
,n:HHX naHeJISIX 6JIOKOB nHTaHHSI H Mo,n:YJIeM. ITpH HcnpaBHocTH 6JIOKOB nHTaHHSI Ha nepe,n:HeM
naHeJIH Ka:>K,n:oro 6JIOKa ,n:OJI:>KHbI ropeTb no TPH CBeTo,n:Ho,n:a HenpepbIBHbIM 3eJIeHbIM l{BeTOM.
I1H,n:HKal{HSI CHHXpOHHOM pa60TbI KOMnJIeKTOB nepBoM H BTOpOM EM -1602 oT06pa:>KaeTCSI rope-
HHeM HH,n:eKCOB EMI H EM2 3eJIeHbIM l{BeTOM npH pa60Te B pe:>KHMe ynpaBJIeHHSI, :>KeJITbIM
l{BeTOM - npH pa60Te B pe:>KHMe KOHTpOJISI H KpacHbIM l{BeTOM - npH HapyrneHHH CHHXPOHH-
3al{HH KOMlUIeKTOB.
Ha nepe,lUIeM naHeJIH MO,n:YJISI l{eHTpaJIbHOrO npol{eccopa YCTaHOBJIeHbI CBeTO,n:Ho,n:Hble IfH):{HKa-
TOpbI 3eJIeHOrO l{BeTa, CHrHaJIH3HpYIOll.{He 0 pa60Te H TeKYll.{eM COCTOSlHHH YCTpOMCTB. HaJIHqHe
6YKBbI «C» C MHralOIl1eM 3arrSiTOM Ha ceMH cerMeHTHblX HH):{HKaTOpax MO,n:YJISI UIT CBH):{eTeJIbCTBYeT
o HOpMaJIbHOM H CHHXpOHHOM pa60Te KOMlUIeKTOB EM-1602.
ITpH BKJIlOqeHHH nlfTaHlUI EM-1602 npOIf3BO,n:HTCSI TeCTHpoBaHHe npol{eccopa. IToCJIe,n:oBaTeJIb-
HOCTb npoxmK.aeHHSI TeCTHpoBaHIfSl, a TaK:>Ke HapyrneHIfSi HOpMaJIbHOM pa60TbI EM-1602, oT06pa-
:>KaeTCSI Ha ceMH cerMeHTHblX HH):{HKaTopax. IToSlBJIeHHe Ha ceMH cerMeHTHblX HH,[(HKaTOpax JIHl{e-
BOM rraHeJIH MO,n:YJISI l{eHTpaJIbHoro npol{eccopa KaKHX-JIH60 l{Hl}>p (1-9) RJIH 6YKB (A-F) 03Haqa-
eT npaBRJIbHOCTb no,n:KJIlOqeHHSI nepHl}>epHMHbIX Mo,n:YJIeM H :>KrYToB C COOTBeTCTBYIOll.{HMH a.apec-
HbIMH nepeMblqKaMH.
TEXHOJIOfl11IECKNI KAPT A N!1 7
IJ,1Il Ee30nacHaSI MHKp03BM
HaHMeHoBaHHepa60TbI IIeuHo,n:HqHOCTb I1cnOJIHHTenb
IIpoBepKa 6noKoB BeHTHnSiTopoB 2 proa B MeCfll.{ 3neKTpoMexaHHK
H 3neKmOMOHTeu
11*
163

ITpOBepKa pa60TbI 61I0Ka BeHTHlliITOpOB npOH3BO,lUITCSI nOClIe 3anHCH B )J{ypHaJIe,Z:(Y -46. KOHT-
pOlIb BKJIlOqeHHSI ocym;eCTBIDIeTCSI no nOSlB1IeHHIO HHJJ:eKCa (B) Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa Ha APM H
BH3YaJIbHO npH BHellIHeM OCMOTpe 61I0Ka BeHTHlliITopOB EM-1602.
BKJIlOqeHHe HlIH BbIKJIlOqeHHe BeHTHlISITopOB EM-1602 npoH3Bo.n;HTCSI BbI60pOM nYHKTa «Cep-
BHC» OCHOBHoro MeHIO H noclIe.n;YlOm;HM BbI60pOM nYHKTa no.n;MeHIO «BeHTHlISlTop» EM-I 602 H B
nOSlBHBIlIeMCSI OKHe BbI60pa nYHKTa «BKJIlOqHTb» HlIH «BbIKJIlOqHTb».
IToclIe BbI60pa H Ha)l{aTHSI KJIaBHIlIH «Enter» BeHTHlISITop BKJIlOqaeTCSI HlIH BbIKJIlOqacrcSl, a npH
BbIxo.n;e H3 OKHa H no.n;MeHIO no Ha)l{aTHIO KJIaBHIlIH «Esk» - .n;eHCTBHSI He npOH3Bo.n;SlTCSI.
Qill TEXHOJIOfl1l1ECKA5I KAPTA N!! 10
Ee30nacHaSI MHKP03BM
HaHMeHoBaHllepa60TbI IIepHo.nHqHOCTb I1cnonHHTeJIb
IIpoBepKa pro'beMOB C qaCTHqHOH 1 pro B ro.n cTapIIIHH 3neKTpOMexaHHK
pro60pKoH H BHYTPeHHHM OCMOTpOM H 3neKTpOMexaHHK
EM-1602
11 H C T P Y M e H T, MaT e p Man bI: OTBepTKa, 6aTMCT, cnMpT.
3aMeHa HHTepl}>eHcHbIX Mo.n;YlIeH EM -1602 npOH3Bo.n;HTCSI npH OTI<JIlOqeHHOM nHTaHHH nOClIe
3anHCH B,Z:(Y -460 BbIKJIlOqeHHH YCTPOHCTB CHCTeMbI <<,Z:I:HaJIOr- Q». Bce pa60TbI no 06clIY)I{HBaHHIO
EM-1602, KpoMe BHelliHero OCMOTpa, pa3pelliaeTCSI npOH3Bo.n;HTb B pe)l{HMe pe3epBHoro ynpaBlIe-
HHSI npH HaJIHqHH ,Z:(CIT Ha CTaHI.{HH.
ITpoBepKa HHTepl}>eHcHbIx Mo.n;YlIeH 3aKJIIOqaeTCSI B BH3YaJIbHOM OCMOTpe Ka)l{,[(oro MO.AYlliI Ha Ha-
lIHqHe MeXaHHqeCKHX nOBpe)I{)J.eHHH. OCMOTp pa3'beMOB Mo.n;YlIeH C I}>pOHTaJIbHOH H C TbIDbHOH CTO-
pOHbI Ocym;eCTBlISlcrcSi Ha OTC)'TCTBHe OKHCH H nOBpe)l{,[(eHHH HO)l{eK B pa3'beMe. KpoMe Toro, He06xo-
,lUIMO npoH3BeCTH OCMOTp naeK Ha KOHTaKTax Mo.n;YlIeH H 06'be.n;HHHTelIbHoH lUIaTbI B EM -1602.
OTcoe.n;HHeHHe pa3'beMOB OT HHTepl}>eHcHbIx Mo.n;YlIeH npOH3Bo.n;HTCSI npH BbIKJIlOqeHHOH
EM-1602.,Z:(.rrSi 3TOro He06xo.n;HMO CHSlTb KO)l{YX C pa3'beMa, OCMOTpeTb naHKY npoBo.n;oB, OqHCTHTb
OT nbIDH H OKHCH, c06paTb pa3'beM.
HeUCnpll6HOCmU ycmpoiicm6 A PM. ITpH Hepa6OTocnoc06HoCTH CHCTeMHoro 61I0Ka He06xo.n;HMO
npoH3BeCTH nepe3arpY3KY IT3 BM rryreM o.n;HoBpeMeHHoro Ha)l{aTIDI KJIaBHIlI «Ctrl+ Alt+ Del» KJIaBH-
arypbI, KHonKH «Reset» CHCTeMHoro 61I0Ka. ITpH HeB03MO)l{HOCm nepe3arp)'3KH IT3BM BbIIlIeonH-
caHHbIM cnoc060M pa3pelliaeTcSI npOH3BeCTH BbIKJIlOqeHHe IT3BM nYTeM OTKJIlOqeHHSI nHTaHHSI.
IToBTopHoe BKJIlOqeHHe nHTaHHSI IT3BM .n;OlI)I{HO npOH3Bo.n;HTbCSI He paHee qeM qepe3 30 C nOClIe ero
BbIKJIlOqeHIDI. ITpH 3TOM npH BKJIlOqeHHH mnaHIDI IT3BM.n;0 3arp)'3KH CHCTeMHoro nporpaMMHoro
06eCneqeHHSI 6y.n;eT ocym;eCTB1ISlTbCSI npoBepKa H HcnpaBlIeHHe CHCTeMHOH HHl}>opMal{HH, B03HHK-
IlIeH B CBSl3H C HecaHKu;HoHHpoBaHHbIM BbIKJIlOqeHHeM rrHTaHHSI IT3BM. £elIH CHCTeMHoe nporpaMM-
Hoe 06eCneqeHHe He 3arpY)I{aeTCSI, TO He06xo.n;HMO npOH3BeCTH nOBTopHbIH nepe3arrYCK, npOBepHB
HaJIWlHe IIHTaHIDI Ha IT3BM H npaBHJIbHOCTb YCTaHOBKH HCXO,[(HbIX napaMeTpOB B nporpaMMe SETUP.
EClIH npH TeCmpOBaHHH 31IeMeHTOB CHCTeMHoro 61I0Ka nOSIBlISleTCSI HHopMaU;HSI:
- 0 HeHcnpaBHOCTH naM»TH (no.n;aqa 3BYKOBbIX CHrHaJIOB CBbIllie o.n;Horo; BbIBO.n; Ha 3KpaH MOHH-
Topa C006m;eHHH 0 HeHcnpaBHOCTH H T..n;.), TO He06xo.n;HMO 3aMeHHTb CHCTeMHbIH 61I0K;
- 06 OTCYTCTBHH KJIaBHaTypbI (BbIBO.n; Ha 3KpaH MOHHTopa C006Il1eHHH), TO cne.n;YeT npOBepHTb
no.n;KJIlOqeHHe KJIaBHarypbI H npH He06xo.n;HMOCTH 3aMeHHTb ee;
- 06 OTCYTCTBHH MaHHnYlISiTopa «MbIIlIb» (BbIBO.n; Ha 3KpaH MOHHTopa C006Il1eHHH), TO Ha.n;o
npOBepHTb nO,[(KJIlOqeHHe MaHHnYlISiTopa H npH He06xo.n;HMOCTH 3aMeHHTb ero;
- 06 OTCYTCTBHH, lIH60 HeHcnpaBHoCTH BH.LJ:eoa.n;anTepoB (HecKolIbKO KOpOTKHX 3BYKOBbIX CHr-
HaJIOB HapYIlIeHHSI B nepe.n;aqe u;BeTOBOH raMMbI oT06pa)l{eHHH, BbIBO,lUIMbIX Ha 3KpaH MOHHTopa),
TO He06xo.n;HMO 3aMeHHTb HeHcnpaBHbIH BH.LJ:eoa.n;anTep HlIH 3aMeHHTb CHCTeMHbIH 61I0K.
ITpH nOSIBlIeHHH HHI}>OpMau;HH 0 Hepa60Tocnoc06HOCTH: HCTOQHHKa 6ecnepe60HHoro nHTaHHSI
(no HH,lJ,HKaU;HH BbIBe.n;eHHOH Ha nepe.n;HeH naHelIH); Mo.n;eMa (no HH,lJ,HKaU;HH, BblBe.n;eHHOH Ha nepe.n;-
HeH naHelIH Mo.n;eMa) H HCnpaBHOH BHeUIHeH HHl}>opMaU;HOHHOH cem He06xo,lUIMO npoBepHTb npa-
BHlIbHOCTb ero nO,[(KJIlOqeHHSI H npH He06xo.n;HMOCTH npOH3BeCTH 3aMeHY.
164

TIOCJIe 3arpY3KH CHCTeMHOrO nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHH» He06xoMO 3arpY3HTb pa60qee npo-
rpaMMHOe 06eCneqeHHe APM nYTeM BbI30Ba COOTBeTCTBYIDIl1eH nHKTorpaMMbI, pacnOJIO)J{eHHOH
Ha pa60qeM CTOJIe MOHHTopa.
ECJIH nOCJIe 3arpY3KH pa60qero nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHH» APM oT06pa)J{eHHe Ha3BaHH»
CHCTeMbI «)J.HaJIOr» B l{BeTaX pa60TbI MOHHTOpOB RGB (KpaCHbIH, 3eJIeHbIH, rOJIy60H) Ha O,n:HOM
H3 MOHHTOpOB He COOTBeTCTByeT lIeHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH, He06xo,n:HMO npOH3BeCTH pa3MarHHQHBa-
HHe MaCKH lIaHHoro MOHHTopa (Ha)J{aTHeM Ha MOHHTope COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{eH KHonKH). TIOCJIe 3TO-
ro He06xo,n:HMO npOH3BeCTH nepe3anYCK TI3BM. ECJIH HeHcnpaBHOCTb OCTaJIaCb, TO OTKJIIOQHTb
HeHcnpaBHbIH MOHHTOp H B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeXHHQeCKHM onHcaHHeM 3aMeHHTb ero MOHHTOpOM
pe3epBHoro APM.
Heucnpa6Hocmuycmpoiicm6 EM-1602. TIpH OTCYTCTBHH HH,n:HKal{HH HaJIHQH» Hanp»)J{eHHH
nHTaHH» Ha 6JIOKaX nHTaHH» (+5 B, + 12 B), He06xolIHMO npoBepHTb Hanp»)J{eHHe Ha BXOlIax 6JIo-
KOB nHTaHH» (24 B) H l{eJIOCTHOCTb npelIoxpaHHTeJIeH B 3THX uen»x. TIpH OTCyrCTBHH nHTalOIl1erO
Hanp»)J{eHH» onpelIeJIHTb MeCTO nOBpe)J{)J.eHH» H JIHKBHlIHpoBaTb ero. B cJIyqae HaJIHQH» Hanp»)J{e-
HH» nHTaHH» Ha Bxo,n:ax 6JIOKOB nHTaHH» He06xo,n:HMO npoBepHTb l{eJIOCTHOCTb MOHTa)J{a B pa3'be-
Max HJIH 3aMeHHTb Ka6eJIb nHTaHH». TIpH Hepa60Tocnoc06HOCTH 6JIOKa nHTaHH» He06xOlIHMO 3a-
MeHHTb ero HcnpaBHbIM.
TIpH Hepa60Tocnoc06HOCTH 6JIOKa BeHTHJI»ToPOB EM -1602 He06xo,n:HMO npoBepHTb HaJIHQHe
Hanp»)J{eHH» nepeMeHHoro TOKa 220 B Ha KJIeMMax 6JIOKa H l{eJIOCTHOCTb MOHTa)J{a BHYTpH 6JIOKa.
TIpH OTKa3e OlIHoro H3 BeHTHJI»ToPOB 3aMeHHTb HcnpaBHbIM.
npH nponalIaHHH nHTaHH» EM -1602, QTO KOHTpOJIHPYeTC» OTcYTCTBHeM ropeHH» CBeTO,n:HOlIOB
Ha nepelI HeH naHeJIH 6JIOKOB nHTaHH», He06xolIHMO npoBepHTb HcnpaBHoCTb npe,n:oxpaHHTeJI» nH-
TaHH» EM -1602 H npH He06xo,n:HMOCTH 3aMeHHTb ero.
TIpH Hecpa6aTbIBaHHH ynpaBJI»IOIl{HX peJIe nOCJIe nOCbIDKH KOMaHlI TY He06xolIHMO npoBepHTb
HcnpaBHoCTb npe,n:oxpaHHTeJI» cxeMbI ynpaBJIeHH». ECJIH nOCJIe 3aMeHbI npe,n:oxpaHHTeJI» ynpaB-
JI»IOIl{He peJIe He cpa6aTbIBalOT, TO He06xo,n:HMO 3aMeHHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HH MO,n:YJIb BbIXOlIOB.
EcJIH npH HOpMaJIbHOM cpa6aTbIBaHHH ynpaBJI»IOIl1HX peJIe He npOHCXOlIHT YCTaHOBKa MaprnpYTa,
OTMeHa MaprnpYTa, nepeBO,n: CTpeJIOK H T.n., He06xo,n:HMO npOBepHTb npe,n:oxpaHHTeJIb cxeMbI yn-
paBJIeHH» H npH He06xo,n:HMOCTH 3aMeHHTb ero.
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JI»IOIl1ero peJIe B BKJIlOqeHHe BeHTHJI»TOPOB He npOH3011IJIO, HalIO npOBepHTb HcnpaBHOCTb npe.A-
OXpaHHTeJI» BeHTHJI»TOPOB H npH He06xOlIHMOCTH 3aMeHHTb ero.
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npe,n:OXpaHHTeJI» cxeMbI KOHTpOJI» H npH He06xOlIHMOCTH 3aMeHHTb ero. TIoCJIe 3aMeHbI npelIoxpa-
HHTeJI» npOBepHTb KaHaJI CB»3H no KOHTpOJIbHOH HH):{HKaruIH CBeTOlIHO,n:OB Ha JIHl{eBbIx naHeJI»X
Mo,n:eMOB.
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(nYHKT MeHIO «CepBHC» H no,n:nYHKT «TIpOCMOTp CHrHaJIOB TC») onpe,n:eJIHTb HeHcnpaBHbIH 6JIOK
E)J.K H 3aMeHHTb ero.
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,n:HO,n:bI He rop»T) He06xOlIHMO npOH3BeCTH nepe3arrycK EM -1602. ECJIH KOHTpOJIb KaHaJIa CB»3H He
BOCCTaHOBHJIC», He06xOlIHMO OTKJIIOQHTb MOlIeMbI HJIH npe06pa30BaTeJIH OT EM -1602 H npoH3Bec-
TH HX 3aMeHY pe3epBHbIM KOMIIJIeKTOM.
3aMeHa HeHcnpaBHoH annaparypbI EM-1602 CBO,n:HTC» K 3aMeHe HeHcnpaBHbIx MO):{yJIeH, KOTO-
pa» npoH3Bo,n:HTC» IIpH OTKJIIOQeHHH nHTaHIDI C nOMOIl{blO npe,n:oxpaHHTeJIeH. B03MO)J{HbIe HeHcn-
paBHOCTH EM-1602 npHBe,n:eHbI B Ta6JI. 3.1.
AnropHTM nOHCKa HeHcnpaBHoro nepHl}>epHHHoro MO,n:YJI» COCTOHT B cJIe,n:yIOIl{eM:
1. 113'bSITb H3 EM -1602 Bce nepHl}>epHHHbIe MOlIYJIH.
2. BKJIIOQHTb EM-1602 H y6elIHTbc», QTO MO,n:YJIb l{eHTpaJIbHoro npol{eccopa UTI pa60TaeT HC-
npaBHo (rop»T HH):{HKaTOpbI El H E2). ECJIH HH):{HKaTOpbI He roP»T, TO CM. HeHcnpaBHocTH 1,2,3
B Ta6JI. 3.1.
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B03M02KHLle HeHcnpaBHocTH 6M-1602 H npH'IHHLI HX B03HHKHOBeHHH
N2 HeHcnpaBHoCTb B03MO>KHaSI npllqllHa Y CTpaHeHHe
IIIn
1 IIocne BKmOqeHIDI HnH 1. HeHcnpaBHo II3Y B 3aMeHHTh II3Y
nepe3anycKa EM-1602 He cOOTBeTCTByIOIlIeM ME MO.n:yJUI QII
3aropalOTcM HH,lJ,IlKaTOpbl E1 2. HeHcnpaBeH MO.n:YJIb QII 3aMeHllTb Mo.n:ynb QII
(1) II E2 (2). Ha O.uHOM 113
ceMH CerMeHTHblX
HH,lJ,IlKaTOpoB MOL\YJUI QII
nOCTOMHHO ropHT «0»
2 ITocne BKnIO'IeHIDI Hnll 1. HeHcnpaBHo HnH HenpaBHnbHO 3aMeHllTh HnH nepeycTaHOBHTh
nepe3anycKa EM-1602 He YCTaHOBneHO II3Y B COOTBeT- II3Y
3aropalOTCM HH.LIHKaropbI CTByIOIlIeM ME MO.n:yJUI Qll
E1(1) II E2(2). Ha O.uHOM 113 2. HellcnpaBeH MO.n:Ynb QII 3aMeHllTh MO.n:Ynb Qll
ceMH CerMeHTHbIX
llH,lJ,IlKaropax MO.n:yJUI QII
nOCTOMHHO ropHT «8,»
3 IIocne BKnIO'IeHIDI HnH 1. HeHcnpaBeH MO.uYnb QII 3aMeHllTh MO.uyJIb QII
nepe3anycKa EM-1602 He
3aroparoTCM HH,lJ,IlKaTOpbl E 1 2. HeHcnpaBeH KaKOH-nH60 pyrOH Onpe.n:enHTb II 3aMeHHTb
(1) H E2 (2). Ha ceMH nepllll>epHHHbIH Mo.n:ynb HeHcnpaBHbIH Mo.n:ynb
CerMeHTHbIX HH,lJ,IlKaTopax
MO.n:yJUI QII HH,lJ,IlKal.{IDl
oro6pa)KaeTCM He
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4 Ha O.n:HOM H3 ceMIi 1. OTCYTCTBYeT KOHTaKT Me>K.L\y Y CTaHOBHTb MO.n:Ynb .lI:IDI
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MO.n:yJUI Qll He H 06'be.uHHHTenbHOH nnaroH
OTo6pa)KaeTcSI KaKOH- JIH60 2. HeHcnpaBeH nepH4>epHHHblH 3aMeHllTh HeHcnpaBHblH MO.n:Ynb
a.n:pec H3 no.n:KnlOqeHHbIX Mo.n:ynb, K KOTOPOMY no.n:KnlOqeH
Mo.n:yneH. IIpH 3TOM racHYT pa3'beM c COOTBeTCTByIOmHM
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2. HecnpaBeH KaKoH-nH60 .n:pyrOH Onpe.uenHTh H 3aMeHHTb
nepH4>epHHHbIH MO.n:ynb HeHcnpaBHbIH Mo.n:ynb
4. HellcnpaBeH MO,[(Ynb Qll 3aMeHHTb Mo.n:ynb QII
5 Ha ceMH CerMeHTHbIX 1. OTCYTCTByeT HanpM)KeHHe IIo.uaTb IIHTaHHe Ha a.n:pecHbIe
HH,lJ,HKaTOpaX ME He IIHTaHIDI Ha a.n:pecHblX nepeMbNKax nepeMbI'IKH
OTo6paX<aeTCM KaKoH-nH60 BO BHeIIIHeM pa3'beMe
a.n:pec H3 nOL\KnlOqeHHbIX nepH4JepHHHOro MO.n:yJUI
Mo.n:yneH. IIpH ::!TOM 2. OTcYTCTBHe KOHTaKTa Me>K.L\y YCTaHOBHTbpa3'beM
CBeTO.n:HO.lU>I El (1) H E2 (2) BHeIIIHHM pa3'beMOM
He raCHYT H COOTBeTCTByIOIlIHM Mo.n:yneM
3. MOHTa)K a.n:pecHbIx nepeMbIqeK He IIpliBeCTH MOHTa)K B
COOTBeTCTBYeT He06xo.n:HMOMY COOTBeTCTBHe
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6 OTCYTCTBYeT CBM3b no 1. HeHcnpaBHa nHHIDI CBM3H Y cTpaHHTb HellcnpaBHoCTb nHHHH
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Mo.ueM Tpy6KY no.uHHMaeT 3. HeHcnpaBeH Mo.n:eM 3aMeHHTb Mo.ueM
(Ha Mo.n:eMe 3arOpaeTCM 4. HellcnpaBeH MOlleM Ha pyrOM 3aMeHllTh Mo.n:eM
HH,lJ,HKaTOp OH) KOHl{e nHHHH
7 OTCYTCTBYeT CBM3b no 1. HeHcnpaBeH MO.n:yJIb u;n 3aMeHllTb MO.n:YJIb u;n
OllHOMY HJIH 060HM
Mo,[(eMaM. MOlleM Tpy6KY 2. HeHcnpaBeH MOlleM 3aMeHHTb MOlleM
He no.n:HHMaeT (Ha Mo.n:eMe
He 3aropaeTcM llH,lJ,HKaTOp
OR)
8 OTCyTCTBYeT CB}I3b no HYJIb- 1. ReHCnpaBeH MO.n:YJIb QII 3aMeHHTh MO.n:YJIb QII
MOlleMY 2. HeHcnpaBeH Ka6enb HYJIb-MOlleMa 3aMeHllTh Hnll oTpeMOHTlipOlmTb
Ka6enb HYJIb-MOlleMa
166

OK01/'ia1/Ue ma611. 3.1
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n/n
9 OTCYTCTByeT CBM3b 1. HeHcnpaBeH MOllynb [(II 3aMeHHTb Mo.uynb [(II
no RS-485
2. HeHcnpaBeH Ka6enb RS-485 3aMeHHTb llnH oTpeMOHTlipOBaTb
Ka6enb HYnb-MOlleMa
10 Bo BpeMM YCTaHOBKH CBM311 HellcnpaBeH MOllynb [(II. 3aMeHHTb M011ynb l(II.
raCHYT HH11HKaTOpbI E1 (1)
H E2 (2)
B npOI.{ecce pa60TbI raCHYT 1. IIeperpeB MOllYnM [(II BKnlOqllTb BeHTllnMTOp EM-1602
HH11HKaropbI E1 (1) H E2 (2)
2. HeHcnpaBeH M011ynb [(II 3aMeHHTb M011ynb [(II
11 8 Ta6nHL{e CHrHMOB TC 1. HellcnpaBeH COOTBeTcTBYIOI1.\HH 3aMeHHTb M011ynb TII
npHcYTcTBYeT HH11HKaL{llji BbIX011 M011YJUI TII
nO>KlIO pa30MKHYTbIX 2. KopOTKOe3aMblKaHHe Y CTpaHHTb KopOTKoe 3aMbIKaHlie
KOHTaKTOB B Ol1HOH rpynne cOOTBeTCTByromero BbIXOlla M011YJUI
TII Ha «MllHyC»
3. OTCYTCTByeT KOHTaKT Me>K,D;y Y CTaHOBHTb BHeIIIHHH pa3'beM
BHeIIIHHM pa3'beMOM H M011vneM TII
12 8 Ta6nHL{e CHrHMOB TC 1. HellcnpaBeH M011ynb <<Bxo11OB» 3aMeHHTh M011ynb «BXOllOB»
OTcYTCTByeT HH,L\HKaL{HSI 2. HeHCnpaBeH E,l],K Onpe11enHTb H 3aMeHHTb
nO>KHOpa30MKHYToro HeHcnpaBHbIH E,l],K
KOHTaKTa B KaKoH-n1l60
rnvnne
13 B Ta6nHL{e CHrHMOB TC 1. HeHcnpaBeH MOllYnb «BXOllOB» 3aMeHHTb M011ynb «BX011OB»
npHCYTCTByeT HH11HKaL{HSI
nmKHO pa30MKHYTbIX 2. OTCYTcTByeT KOHTaKT Me>K,D;y Y CTaHOBHTb BHeIIIHHH pa3'beM
KOHTaKTOB BO Bcex rpynnax BHeIIIHHM pa3'beMOM H M011yneM
Ha Ol1HHX H Tex >Ke MeCTaX «BX011OB»
14 B Ta6nHL{e CHrHMOB TC HeHcnpaBeH E,l],K, KOTOpbIH 3aMeHHTb E,l],K
npHcYTcTByeT HH11HKaL{llji nOllKnIOQeH K cooTBeTcTBYIOI1.\eH
nO>KHO pa30MKHYToro KOHTaKTHOH rpynne
KOHTaKTa B KaKOH-nH60
rnvnne
15 He peMmyeTcM KOMaHlla HeHCnpaBeH COOTBeTCTBYIOI1.\HH 3aMeHHTb M011ynb «BbIXOllOB»
TY. Ha M011yne «BbIX011OB» M011ynb «BblX011OB»
3aropaeTcM
COOTBeTcTByroI1.\HH
CBeT011H011
16 He peMmyeTcM KOMaH11a 1. OTcYTCTByeT Ha11e>KHbIH KOHTaKT Y CTaHOBHTb pa3'beM
TY. Ha M011yne «BbIX011OB» BHeIIIHero pa3'beMa C COOTBeT-
3aropaeTcM cTBYlOmHM M011yneM «BbIXOllOB»
COOTBeTcTByroI1.\HH 2. OTCYTCTByeT ynpaBnjilOmH H IIoaTb ynpaBnMIOI1.\HH nonlOc
CBeTOllH011 nonlOc Ha COOTBeTCTByromeM
oceBOM KOHTaKTe pene MOllynji
«BblXOllOB»
3. HeHcnpaBeH cOOTBeTCTBYIOI1.\HH 3aMeHHTb M011ynb «BbIXOllOB»
MOllYnb «BblX011OB»
17 He peMmYeTCM 1. OTcYTCTByeT Ha11e>KHbIH KOHTaKT Y CTaHOBHTb pa3'beM
OTBeTCTBeHHaSI KOMaHlla TY. BHeIIIHero pa3'beMa C COOTBeT-
Ha M011yne «BbIX011OB» CTByroI1.\HM MOllyneM «BbIX011OB»
3aropaeTcM 2. HeHCnpaBeH COOTBeTCTBYIOI1.\HH 3aMeHHTb MOllYnb «BblXOllOB»
COOTBeTCTBYIOI1.\HH M011ynb «BblX011OB»
CBeTO"HO"
18 He peMH3yeTcM 1. HellCnpaBeH COOTBeTcTBYIOI1.\HH 3aMeHHTb MOllynb «BbIX011OB»
OTBeTCTBeHHaji KOMaH11a TY. M011ynb «BbIXOllOB»
Ha MOllYne «BblX0110B» He 2. HeHCnpaBeH M011ynb [(II 3aMeHHTb Mo.uynb [(II
3aropaeTCM COOTBeTCTByro-
I1.\HH CBeT011H011
167

3. YCTaHOBHTh (6JIH:>KHHH K MO,z:J;ymo UIT) nepHll)epHHHbIH MO,z:J;YJIb C BHellIHHM pa3'beMOM H no-
11aTb nHTa.HHe Ha a.ApeCHbIe nepeMbIqKH YCTaHOBJIeHHoro MO.AYlliI. BKJUOqHTb EM-1602 H y6 e 11 HTb -
CSI no HHlIHKamm ceMH CerMeHTHbIX HH,lIHKaTOpoB MO,z:J;YJISI UIT, qTO YCTaHOBJIeHHbIH MO,z:J;YJIb 06Ha-
PY)I{eH. ITpH 3TOM eCJIH HH,lIHKaTOpbI E 1 H E2 ropSiT - nO,z:J;KJUOqeHHbIH MO,z:J;YJIb HcnpaBeH.
4. ITOBTOpSlTb nYHKT 3 110 06HapY)I{eHHSI HeHcnpaBHoro MO,z:J;YJISI. HeHcnpaBHbIM 6Y11er TOT MO-
,z:J;YJIb, nOCJIe n011KJIlOqeHHSI KOToporo HH):{HKaTopbI EI H E2 He 3aropalOTCSI.
,l..(JISI 6bICTporo nOHCKa HeHcnpaBHoro E,l..(K nOTpe6yercSi KOMMYTaTOpHa51 JIaMna 24 B, He 60JIee
90 MA. ITOHCK HeHcnpaBHoro E,l..(K CJIe,z:J;yeT npOBO,z:J;HTb B CJIe11YIOIl{eM nopSllIKe:
I. ITo11KJIlOqHTb 011HH H3 BbIBO,z:J;OB KOMMYTaTopHoH JIaMnbI K «-» 6aTapeH.
2. BTOpOH BbIBO,z:J; JIaMnbI nO,z:J;KJIlOqHTb K nepBoMY BbIX011Y M011YJISI TIT. ITpH 3TOM npoBepSiercSi
E,l..(K {Ta ero qaCTb, KOTopaSi nO,z:J;KJIlOqeHa K .AaHHoMY BbIXO.AY MO.AYJISI TIT. rIpH HcnpaBHoM E,l..(K
,z:J;OJI)I{HbI Ha6JII011aTbCSI nepHOlIHqecKHe BcnbIlliKH KOMMYTaTopHoH JIaMnbI. ITepHo11 BcnbIllieK ,z:J;OJI-
)l{eH 6bITb paBHbIM nepHo,z:J;Y onpoca COCTOSlHHSI KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx 06'beKToB. ECJIH E,l..(K HeHcnpa-
BeH, nepH011HqHOCTb BcnbIllieK JIaMnbI 6Y11eT HapYllieHa (BcnbIlliKH qaCTbIe H HepaBHoMepHbIe).
3. ,l..(JISI npoBepKH CJIe,z:J;YIOIl{eH qaCTH E,l..(K n011KJIlOqHTb BTOpOH nOJIIOC KOMMYTaTopHoH JIaMnbI
KO BTOPOMY BbIXO,z:J;Y MO,z:J;YJISI TIT.
4. ,l..(JISI npoBepKH OCTaJIbHbIX E,l..(K nO,z:J;KJIlOqHTb BTOpOH BbIBO,z:J; KOMMYTaTopHoH JIaMnbI K COOT-
BerCTBYIOIl{HM BbIXO,z:J;aM MO.AYJI5I TIT.
ITpOCMOTp Ta6JIHIJ;bI CHrHaJIOB TC oC}'IlI:eCTBJI5IerCSI Ha APM,l..( CIT RJIH Ha APM ,l..(HU. ,l..(JISI npo-
cMoTpa 3TOH Ta6JIHIJ;bI He06xo11HMO Ha)l{aTb KJIaBHllIY F9, a nOBTopHbIM Ha)l{aTHeM KJIaBHllIH F9
BbIIIOJIH5IerCSI BbIXO,z:J; H3 npocMoTpa Ta6JIHIJ;bI TC. B Ta6JIHIJ;e oT06pa)l{alOTCSI 3aMKH)'TbIe KOHTaKTbI
peJIe 3elleHblM IJ;BerOM, a pa30MKHYTbIe - CepblM 1I6emOM.
PelleiiHo-npou.eccOpHaJI u.eHmpaJIU3au.UR 3Q-MIIK. TexHHqecKoe 06CJIY)I{HBaHHe annapaTY-
pbI APMOB npoH3Bo,z:J;HTCSI C IJ;eJIblO npe,z:J;ynpe)l():l;eHHSI n05lBJIeHH5I HeHcnpaBHocTeH, KOTopbIe 06yc-
JIOBJIeHbI HaJIHqHeM Y3JIOB cHcTeMbI, Tpe6YIOIl{HX npOll)RJIaKTHqecKoro 06CJIY)I{HBaHHSI (BeHTRJISI-
TOpbI rI3BM, pa3'beMbI, MaHHIIYJISITOpbI «MbIllIb» H ,z:J;p.), a TaIOKe YCTpaHeHH5I B03HHKalOIl{HX OTKa-
30B npH BbIX011e H3 CTpOSI pa11HoKoMnoHeHToB, 11eraJIeH H Y3JIOB.
06CJIY)I{HBaHHe TeXHHqeCKHX cpe,z:J;CTB 3 U - MITK BKJIlOqaeT B ce6S1 CJIe11YIOIl{He acneKTbI:
- nepuo{)ulJec1<.oe npoqJUllaKmUlJeC1<.oe 06cllY:JICU6aHUe, KOTopoe OCYIl1eCTBmreTCSI CneIJ;HaJIbHO
06yqeHHbIM nepCOHaJIOM 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKOB nOCTa 3U;
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HOH TeXHHKH, KOTopoe OCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI n011pa3,z:J;eJIeHHSlMH, 06CJIY)I{HBalOIl{HMH cpe11CTBa BbIqHC-
JIHTeJIbHOH TeXHHKH Ha OT,z:J;eJIeHHH ,z:J;oporH;
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ITpollmJIaKTHqecKoe 06CJIY)I{HBaHHe BKJIlOqaeT BHellIHHH OCMOTp YCTPOHCTB, KOTOpbIH npoBo-
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KOMlUIeKTOB annaparypbI. Bo BpeM5I BHelliHero OCMOTpa 060PY,z:J;oBaHHe ,z:J;Pyroro KOMnJIeKTa 110JI)I{-
HO pa60TaTb, qT06bI HCKJIlOqHTb B03MO)l{HOCTb npeKpaIl{eHHSI <PYHKIJ;HOHHpOBaHHSI 3U BO BpeMSI
BbIIIOJIHeHHSI pa60T no TeXHHqeCKoMY 06CJIY)I{HBaHHIO annapaTypbI. ITpH npOBe,z:J;eHHH BHelliHero
oCMoTpa 060PY,z:J;oBaHHSI He06xo11HMO npe)l():l;e Bcero npOBepHTb OTcYTCTBHe nOCTopOHHHX npe.zwe-
TOB Ha BeHTHJI5IIJ;HOHHbIX oTBepcTHSIx annapaTypbI, HcnpaBHoe COCTOSlHHe coe,z:J;HHHTeJIbHbIX Ka6e-
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JISiercSi npH BKJUOqeHHOH arrrrapaTYpe rryTeM BbI30Ba COOTBeTCTBYIOIl1eH n011nporpaMMbI KJIaBHllIeH
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npHHTepa H ,z:J;PyrHx Cpe11CTB oprreXHHKH H BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHOH TeXHHKH BbIIIOJIHSlerC5I COrJIaCHO 3KC-
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Tpe6yercSi. HH)I{e npHBe,z:J;eHbI npHMepbI OT11eJIbHbIX TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHX KapT no 06CJIY)I{HBaHHIO YC-
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eMbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB.

168
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l.{IOKT ITrY IIC TEXHOJIOfl1l1ECKNI KAPT A N2 1
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Pa60Ta BblIIOJIHReTCR B nepepbIBax .n;BH)J{eHHR noe3.n;oB C 3anHCblO 0 npe.n;CTORIl{ell pa60Te B
)J{ ypHane,n:y -46 H no.n; KOHTpOJIeM ,n: crr npH JII06bIX MaHHnYJIRl{IDIx.
OfBeTcrneHHbIe npHKa3bI HCnOJIb3)'1OTCR AJUI COKpaweHIDI 3a.aep)J{eK n0e3.n;OB npH Hapyrnemrnx HOp-
MaJIbHOrO .n;ellCTBIfR ycrpOllCTB ClUJ H 06ecneqeHHR HenpepbIBHoCTH nepeB030qHoro npol{ecca. YIffi-
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XO,[(HMO BbIIIOJIIDlTb nepHO,[(H'IecKHe npOBepKH HCrrpaBHOll pa60TbI AJUI 06ecneqeHIDI Tpe6yeMbIx nOKa-
3aTeJIell rOTOBHOCTIf CHCTeMbI 3U K lIX BbIIIOJIHeHHIO. K Pa3PR.JJ:Y OTBeTCTBeHHbIX np1fKa30B OTHOCRTCR:
omKpblmue npU2JlaCUmeJlblW20 CU2HaJla; uCKyccm6eHHa5l ()alJa npu6blmUfl Ha yqaCTKe, 060py.n;oBaHHoM
ycrpollCTBaMH nAE; 6cnOM02ameJlbHblU pe:JICUM CMeHbl Hanpa6JleHUfl ()6U:JICeHUfl Ha yqaCTKe, 060py.n;0-
BaHHOM ycrpollCTBaMH .n;BYXCTopoHHell aBT06JIOKHpOBKH; 6cnOM02ameJlbHblU nepe6o() CTpeJIOK; omKpbl-
mue 6XO()H020 c6emOfpopa Ha pa3pewalOIl{ee CHrHanbHOe nOKa3aHHe npH JIO)J{HOM cpa6aTbIBaHHH
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l{HH» He06xo.n;HMO BbI6paTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{Hll ceKTop OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B.
3JIeKTpOMexaHlfK AJUI nepe.n;aQH OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B Ha)J{HMaeT Ha pa60Qell naHeJIH 3KpaHa
MOHHTOpa KHOIIKY npOBepReMoro pe:>KlIMa OTBeTCTBeHHOrO nplfKa3a H npoBepReT: Ha HHI}>OPMaIJ;HOH-
HOll naHeJIH 3KpaHa MOHHTopa BbICBeTHJICR mpaHcnapaHm, HH}J;Hl{HpyeMbIll CUHUM l{BeTOM, C Tpal}>a-
peTOM OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B BHYTpH HH}J;Hl{HpyeMbIM 6eJIbIM MHralOIl{HM l{BeTOM; BCe 06'beKTbI
ynpaBJIeHIfR CTaHl{HH, paHee 1fH}J;Hl{HpyeMbIe OKaHm06KOU :JICeJlm020 1I6ema, KpoMe 3HaQKOB, CBR3aH-
HbIX C OTBeTCTBeHHbJM npHKa30M, 1fH,lUfl{HpOBaHbI oKaHToBKoll cepo2o 1I6ema HJIH 6e3 OKaHTOBKH.
B pe)J{HMe OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B ::meKTpoMexaHHK 06R3aH:
- no.n;BeCTH KYpCOP (<JIyna» K 3HaKY 06'beKTa, no KOTOPOMY 6y.n;eT npoH3Bo.n;HTbCR ynpaBJIeHHe H
npoBepHTb, QTO KYpCOP (<JIyna» CMeHHJICR Ha KYPCOP «nanel{»;
- Ha)J{aTb (c y.n;ep)J{aHHeM) KJIaBHwy «Enter» Ha naHeJIH AUK HJIH JIeBYIO KJIaBHWY «MbIWb» H
npoBepHTb, ITO: Ha HHl}>opMal{HOHHOll naHeJIH TpaHcnapaHT C Tpal}>apeTOM OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa-
30B CMeHHJICR Ha TpaHcnapaHT C Tpal}>apeTOM «TY» BHYTpH HI-J,[(Hl{HpyeMbIM 6eJIbIM l{BeTOM (3TOT
3HaK BbICBeQHBaeTCR TOJIbKO Ha BpeMR 1}>0pMHpoBaHlfR H nepe.n;aQH npHKa3a B JIHHHIO TY); Ha MHe-
MocxeMe CTaHl{HH 06'beKT HI-J,[(Hl{HpyeT npoxo)J{.n;eHHe no.n;roToBHTeJIbHOll cepHH HCnOJIHeHHR OT-
BeTCTBeHHoro npHKa3a TOJIbKO Ha npoBepReMoM 06'beKTe.
rrOcJIe BbIWenepeQHCJIeHHbIX .n;ellcTBHll Ha)J{aTb rpynnoBYIO IIJIoM6HpyeMYlO KHonKY ynpaBJIe-
HHR OTBeTCTBeHHblX KOM3H.A H3 lQUTKe H nOBTopHTb MaHHnYJIRl{HH Ha rr3BM no nepe.n;aQe OT-
BeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B (.n;JIR nepe.n;aQH HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOll cepHH KOMaI-J,[(bI).
rrpH nOJIb30BaHHH npHrJIaCIfTeJIbHbIM CHrHanOM y6e.n;HTbcR, QTO nOCJIe npeKpaweHHR y.n;ep)J{a-
HHR KHonKH MbIWH (HJIH AUK) Qepe3 5-6 C 3HaK «nOBTOpHTeJIb cBeTol}>opa» npeKpaTHJI HH}J;H-
l{HpOBaTbcR 6eJIbIM MHralOIl{HM l{BeTOM. B .n;pyrHx crryQIDIX nOJIb30BaHHR He06xo.n;HMO y6e.n;HTbcR
B npaBHJIbHOCTH HCnOJIHeHIfR HI-J,[(HBIf.n;yanbHbIx OTBeTCTBeHHbIX KOMaI-J,[(. rrpH npOBepKe KOMaI-J,[(
BcnoMOraTeJIbHOll CMeHbI HanpaBJIeHHR COrJIaCOBaTb .n;ellcTBHR C ,n:cn coce.n;HHX CTaHl{Hll H py-
KOBo.n;CTBOBaTbCR Tpe60BaHlfRMH «I1HcTpYKl{HH 0 nOpR.JJ:Ke nOJIb30BaHHR YCTpOllCTBaMH».
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TpOMexaHHK C 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKoM CUE .n;OJDKHbI YCTaHOBHTb npwIIffiY H ycrpaHHTb ee C nOBTOpHOll
npoBepKoll. AHaJIorwmo npOBepHTb BbIIIOJIHeHHe BceX OCTaJIbHbIX OTBeTCTBeHHbIX npHKa30B.
f
169

l{IOKT IIrY IIC TEXHOJIOfl1l1ECKA5I KAPT AN!! 3
3l{-MIIK
HalfMeHoBaHlfe pa60TbI IIepHolfqHOCTb IIpol}>eccHSI
HcnonHHTeneif
IIpoBepKa nepeKnIO'IeHHSI KOMnneKTOB KTC YK 1 pa3 B Tplf MeCMua (pa6OTa 3neKTpOMeXaHHK Cl{E
BbIllonIDIeTCM B nlO60e BpeMM
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Pa60Ta BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI B nepepbIBe ,n;BH:>KeHHSI noe3,n;OB C 3anHCblO B )J{ ypHaJIe oCMoTpa ,n:y -46 0
npe,n;cTOSlIl{eH pa60Te, a TaK:>Ke no,n; KOHTpOJIeM co CTOpOHbI ,n:CIT Bcex MaHHrrYJISlUHH.
ITepeKJIlO'leHHe KOMnJIeKTOB KTC YK BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI nOCbIJIKOH KOMaH,A rpy C npoBepKoH no
HHl(HKaUHH YCJIOBHOrO 3HaKa nOCTa 3U: Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa. ITpoBepHTb nOCTYIIJIeHHe CHrHaJIOB
TC B pe:>KHMe «KaHaJI». ITocJIaTh KOMaHl(Y Ha 3a.aaHHe KOHKpeTHOro MapIIlpyra (no YKa3aHHIO ,n:CIT)
H no HH,AHKaI.{HH Ha MOHHTope npoBepHTb ee npOXO:>K,[(eHHe. BbIIIOJIHHTb nepeKJIIO'leHHe KOMIIJIeK-
TOB Ha CTaHUHH C naHeJIH ynpaBJIeHHSI KTC YK. 0 BbIIIOJIHeHHOH pa60re H pe3YJIbTaTaX npoBepKH
3JIeKTpoMexaHHK ,n;OJI:>KeH c,n;eJIaTh 3anHCb B )J{ypHaJIe oCMoTpa,n:Y -46.
l{IOKT IIfY IIC TEXHOJIOfl1l1ECKA5I KAPT AN!! 8
3l{-MIIK
HaHMeHOBaHHepa60TbI IIeplfoHqHOCTb IIpo<beccHM HcnonHlfTeneif
06cnY)I(lfBaHHe llIKal}>oB KTC YK 1 pa3 B llIeCTb MeCMueB 3neKTpOMexaHHK Cl{E
nporpaMMHpyeMbIx KOHTponnepoB
(OCMOTP H qHCTKa)
Ii 3 M e p If Ten b H 1>1 e n p If 6 0 P bI, H H C T P Y M e H T, MaT e p If an bI: aHTlfCTaTlfqeCKlfH 6pacneT C
3a3eMneHlfeM; KOM6lfHlfpOBaHHbIH 1f3MeplfTenbHbIH nplf60p Q4340 (Hnlf aHaflOrnqHbIH no napaMeTpaM); nbme-
coc; Ha60p OTBepTOK If MMI'KHX KMCTOqeK; 06TMpOqHbIe KOHQbI, 3aMlIIa, noponOH, cnlfpT TeXHHqeCKlfH.
Pa60TbI no .AaHHOH TeXHOJIOrH'leCKOH KapTe BbIIIOJIHSlIOTCSI B HO'lHOH nepepbIB ,n;BH:>KeHHSI 3JIeK-
Tponoe3,n;OB C 3anHCblO B )J{YPHaJIe,n:y -46. qHCTKa H npoBepKa 3JIeMeHTOB IIIKa<pa C KOHTpOJIJIepa-
MH npOH3Bo,n;HTCSI nOO'lepe,n;HO ,WISI Ka:>K,[(OrO KOMIIJIeKTa B OT,n;eJIbHOCTH, C nOO'lepe,n;HbIM OTKJIIO'le-
HHeM rrHTaHHSI: OTKpbITb IIIKa<p, OTKJIlO'lHTb nHTaHHe KOHTpOJIJIepa.
ITepe,n; Ha'laJIOM npo<pRJIaKTH'lecKHx pa60T He06xo,n;HMO BbISlBHTb KaKOH KOMIIJIeKT, KOTOpOH B
,n;aHHbIH MOMeHT SlBJI»eTCSI aKTHBHbIM. ):LrrSi 3Toro He06xo,n;HMO BH3YaJIbHO OCMOTpeTb nOKa3aHHSI
HHl(HKaTOpoB Ha.A KHonKaMH CP Ha JIHI.{eBOH naHeJIH ynpaBJIeHHSI. KOMIIJIeKT SlBillIeTCSI aKTHBHbIM,
eCJIH COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HH eMY HH,AHKaTOp ropHT 3eJIeHbIM I.{BeTOM.
T}'M6JIepOM OTKJIIO'lHTb HEAKTI1BHbIH KOMIIJIeKT H y6e,n;HTbcSI B TOM, 'lTO COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HH
eMY KpaCHbrn HH,AHKaTop 24 B norac.
qucmKa u npo6epKaMuKpoKOHmpOJUlepo6. ITepe,n; pa360pKoH KOHTpOJIJIepa He06xo,n;HMO 3anH-
caTb ero KOH<pHrypaUHIO (nOJIO:>KeHHe nepeMbI'leK H nepeKJIIO'laTeJIeH), 3apHcoBaTb cxeMY Ka6eJIb-
HbIX coe,n;HHeHHH. OTcoe,n;HHHTb BHeIIlHHe Ka6eJIH, OTBHHTHTb KpenSlIl1He BHHTbI H CHSlTb Kopnyc.
IToBepxHoCTb CHSIToro Kopnyca npoTepeTb JIOCKYTOM.
YpaBIDITb 3JIeKTpH'leCKHe 3ap».n;bI TeJIa H KOHTpOJIJIepa - KOCH)'TbCSI PYKOH npOBO,WIIl{erO yqac-
TKa IIIKa<pa. OrBHHTHTb BHHTbI H CHSlTb C'beMHbIe IIJIaTbI a,n;anTepoB H3 pa3'beMOB KpOCC-IIJIaTbI.
BbIHHMaSi IIJIaThI H3 KpOCC-IIJIaThI, ,n;ep:>KaTh HX 3a Kpa51 H KJIaCTb Ha MaTepHaJI, He HMelOIl{HH CTaTH-
'leCKOrO 3JIeKTpH'leCTBa.
O,n;eTh Ha PYKY aHTHCTaTH'leCKHH 6paCJIeT H npHcoe,n;HHHTh ero K «3eMJIe» (K MeTaJIJIH'leCKOMY
Koprrycy IIIKa<pa) ,WISI oTBo,n;a CTaTH'leCKOrO 3JIeKTpH'lecTBa npH 'lHCTKe. ITpoH3BeCTH <IHCTKY OT
nbIJIH nOBepXHOCTH IIJIaT a,n;anTepOB H KpOCC-IIJIaTbI M»rKOH KHCTblO O<IeHb Me,n;JIeHHbIMH ,n;BIDKeHH-
SlMH 6e3 Ha:>KHMa H npo,n;YTb nOBepXHOCTH lIJIaT B03.AYXOM H3 nbIJIeCoca.
170
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BbIqHCTllTb pa3beMbI H neqaTHbIe BCTaBKH nJIaT 3aMllIeH, CMOqeHHOH cnHpTOM, npll 3TOM oc060
TIaTeJIbHO, HO 6e3 Ha)I{JIMa, npOTepeTb KOHTaKTbI neqaTHbIX pa3'beMOB, IIJIaT a.n;anTepOB, BCTaBIDI-
eMbIX B KpOCC-IIJIaTbI. He TporaTb rOJIbIMH PYKaMH n030JIOqeHHbIe pa3'beMbI IIJIaT, qT06bI He yxy.n;-
llIHTb 3JIeKTpllqecKHH KOHTaKT B pa3'beMe.
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qeCTBO pa3'beMHbIX (lliTenCeJIbHbIX) coe.n;HHeHHH, neqaTHbIX npOBO,Ll,HHKOB Ha OTCYTCTBHe TpeIl{HH
H CJIyqaHHbIX 3aMbIKaHHH Ha IIJIaTaX B MOHTa)l{e; npOBepllTb OTcyrCTBHe nOCTopOHHHX npe.n;MeTOB
Ha nOBepXHOCTjlX nJIaT H MOHTa)l{e; npH HaJIHqllH Ha IIJIaTe nepeMbIqeK npOBepllTb KaqeCTBO HX
YCTaHOBKH H npRJIeramUi.
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TbI KpOCC-lUIaTbI H 3aKpenllTb HX BHHTaMH; OCMOTpeTb H npOBepHTb npaBRJIbHOCTb BbIIIOJIHeHHbIX
COe.AHHeHHH Ka6eJIeH, YCTaHOBKY a.n;anTepOB H KOHllmrYPaI.\HIO KOHTpOJIJIepa comaCHO c.n;eJIaHHbIX
paHee 3arrHceH H 3apHcoBoK. 3aTeM OCMOTpeTb 6JIOK KOHTpOJIJIepa Ha OTcYTCTBHe B HeM nOCTopOH-
HHX npe.n;MeTOB (ynaBllIHx BHHTOB, llIaH6 H .n;PyrHx 3JIeMeHTOB) H BbIIIOJIHHTb qHCTKY 6JIOKa nHTa-
HHjI (OTBHHTHTb KpenjlIl{He BHHTbI, CHjlTb Koprryc, npOTepeTb JIOCKYTOM, nOqHCTHTb nOBepxHoCTb
lUIaTbI H npo.n;YTb B03.AYXOM, OCMOTpeTb COCTOjlHHe nJIaTbI). Y CTaHOBIITb HapY)I{HbIH Kopnyc H 3aK-
penllTb ero BHHTaMIi.
BbIIIOJIHHTb qHCTKY lUIaT, .n;onycKalOIl{HX 113'bjiTHe npH npo<plIJIaKTHqeCKHX pa60TIlx (YMB, y,n:O
H KpOCC-lUIaT). nO.n;BepraTb qHCTKe He06xo.n;HMO TOJIbKO nJIaTbI 06eCTOqeHHOrO KOMnJIeKTa (npa-
BbIH H JIeBbIH PM CBeTO.n;HO.n;OB He rOpjlT) C nooqepe.AHbIM 113'bjlTlieM nJIaT.
Orcoe.n;HHHTb IIIJIeH<p OT lUIaTbI rryreM Me.n.rreHHoro pa3.lUmramUi 60KOBbIX <pHKcaTopOB Ha pa3'be-
Me lUIaTbI; H3'bjlTb lUIal)' 113 KpOCC-nJIaTbI, nOTjlHYB ee Ha ce6j1 C nonepeMeHHbIM nOKaqHBaHHeM H3
CTOpOHbI B CTOPOHY; nOqHCTIfTb OT nbillH; OCMOTpeTb lUIaTbI Ha oTcyrCTBHe nOCTopoHHHX npe.AMe-
TOB, CJIyqaHHbIX 3aMbIKaHHH H TpeIl1HH; YCTIlHOBHTb lUIaTbI B Kpocc-lUIal)' H nO.ACoe.n;HHHTb llIJIeH<p.
BbIIIOJIHIITb qHCTKY 3JIeMeHTOB H nJIaT, 3aKpelUIeHHbIx Ha HecYIl{HX 3JIeMeHTaX llIKa<pa H He npe.n;-
nOJIaraIOIl{HX HX H3'bjlT1I5I npH npo<plIJIaKTHqeCKHX pa60Tax (npe.n;oxpaHHTeJIH H T.n.); npOH3BeCTli
qHCTKY OT nbillH (npo.n;YTb nbilleCOCOM); OCMOTpeTb KaqeCTBO coe.n;HHeHHH BXO.n;j1Il1HX npOBo.n;OB;
no.n;TjlHyrb 60JITbI KpelUIeHlljI npOBo.n;OB; BII3YaJIbHO OCMOTpeTb COCTOjlHHe lUIaTbI.
ITpoBepHTb pa60Tocnoc06HOCTb KOMlUIeKTa B CJIe.AylOIl{eM rropMKe:
- npOH3BeCTll BKJIlOqeHHe nliTaHII5I KOMlUIeKTa TYM6JIepOM Ha JIHl{eBOH CTopOHe naHeJIH ynpaB-
JIeHHjI; qepe3 HeCKOJIbKO ceKYH.A nOCJIe BKJIIOqeHH5I CHCTeMa no.n;aeT KOpOTKHH 3BYKOBOH CHrHaJI
(POST-CHrHaJI), xapaKTepH3YIOIl{HH HaqaJIbHbIH 3Tan 3arpY3KH, B TeqeHHe KOTOpOro KOHTpOJIJIep
.n;OJI)I{eH npOH3BeCTH TeCT BceH CHCTeMbI B l{eJIOM (.n;JIHTeJIbHOCTb TeCTa 3aHHMaeT OKOJIO 1 MHH);
- BII3YaJIbHO OCMOTpeTb pa60Tocnoc06HoCTb nJIaT no HH):{HKal{HH CBeTO.n;HO.n;OB;
- C APM lllH RJIH BPyqHYIO nepeKJIlOqHTb rrpOBepjleMbIH KOMlUIeKT B aKTHBHbIH pe)l{HM;
- B pe)l{HMe «OCllUJlfl02PQMMQ T3K» OqHCTHTb (C6pOCHTb) Ta6JIHl{bI; BblIIOJIHHTb l{eHTpaJIH30-
BaHHbIH BbI30B 06'beKTOB TeJIeCHrHaJIH3al{HH, npoBepHTb 3anOJIHeHHe OCl{IIJIJIOrpaMM T3K (npH
ycnelliHoM BblIIOJIHeHHH KOMaH):{bI KOMlUIeKT MO)l{HO CqllTaTb pa60Tocnoc06HbIM).
BoccmaHo6fleHue pa6omocnoco6Hocmu ycmpoiicm6 3Q-MIIK nOCfle omKa306. B .AaHHOH CHC-
TeMe npH B03HHKHOBeHHH OT.n;eJIbHbIX HapYllIeHHH o.n;HoBpeMeHHo ,n:CIT H 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKY ne-
pe.n;alOTCjI pelJe6ble coo6UjellUfl, KaK, HanpHMep: «HeHcnpaBHocTb CBeTo<popa»; «ITepeKJIlOqeHHe
<pH.LJ:epOB nHTaHIIID>; «ITpona.n;aHHe <pH.LJ:epa»; «ITeperopaHHe npe.n;oxpaHHTeJIeH»; «HeHcnpaBHoCTb
KOMlUIeKTOB MHraHIIID>; «HapYllIeHHe ra6apliTa no.n;BII)I{HOrO COCTaBa»; «OTKpbIT llIKa<p KTC YK»;
«ITOe3.A Ha yqaCTKe npH6JIIDKeHH5I»; «ITOTepjl KOHTpOJI5I CTpeJIKH» (nOCJIe.n;Hee C006Il{eHHe nepe.n;a-
eTcjll{HKJIllqecKH).
Ha BpeW!: nepe.n;aqH peqeBOrO C006Il1eHII5I B BepXHeH qaCTH 3KpaHa n05IBIDIeTC5I KHonKa «BbIKJI.
3B». O.AHOKpaTHbIM Ha)l{aTHeM Ha 3l)' KHonKY MO)l{HO BbIKJIlOqllTb nOCJIe.n;Hee peqeBOe C006Il{eHHe.
.D:n5I BbIKJIIOqeHII5I HeCKOJIbKHX peqeBbIX C006Il1eHHH KHonKY He06xo.n;HMO Ha)l{HMaTb cooTBeTCTBY-
lOIl{ee KOJIHqeCTBY Co06Il{eHHH pa3.
Bo BpeM5I pa60TbI APM lllH Ha )l{ecTKHe .n;HCKH OCHOBHoro H pe3epBHoro KOMnblOTepoB 3aHO-
CHTCjI npOTOKOJIbI: noe3.n;HoH cmyaIJ;HH, .n;eHCTBIiH nepcoHaJIa H no.n;a'ill nHTaHIDI. TeM caMbIM HC-
t
171

KJIlOqaeTCSI B03MO)l(HOCTb npeKpaIl{eHHSI <PYHKU;HOHHpOBaHHSl3lJ, BO BpeMSl npOBe.n;eHHSI pa60T, CBSI-
3aHHbIX C TeXHWIeCKHM 06CJIY:>KHBaHHeM annapaTypbI.
TIpH OTKaJe ycrpOH:CTB o6crry)IamalOIl{HM nepcoHaJIOM BbII10JIHSllOTCSI pa60ThI no JaMeHe HeHcrrpaB-
Horo 06opy.n;oBaHIDI Ha KOMIUIeKT H3 311TI (aBapHii:Hblli 3anac HHcrp}'MeHTOB H npH60pOB). Bee nepe-
KJIIOqeHHSl BbII10JIHSllOTCSI 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKOM B COOTBeTCTBlill co CXeMaMH nOllKJIlOqeHHSl ycrpOH:CTB
comaCHO pa60qeMY npoeKTY H B COOTBeTCTBlill C TeXHOJIOIWIecKHMH KapTaMH.
OrKa3aBIIIHe ycrpOH:CTBa nO.lI)le)l(aT peMOHT)' COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HM no.n;pa3.AeJIeHHeM C npe.n;OCTaB-
JIeHHeM 3TIlM no.n;pa3.AeJIeHHeM HcnpaBHoro 060py.n;oBaHHSI,lllliI BocCTaHoBJIeHHSl311TIa (aBapHH:HO-
ro :mnaca HHcrpYMeHTOB H rrpH60pOB). B CJIyqae OTKa3a CHCTeMHoro 6JIOKa.lI)lSl 06ecneqeHHSl aBa-
pHH:HOrO :mnaca H cOKpaIl{eHHSI BpeMeHH BoccraHOBJIeHHSI Ha no.rryqeHHbIH: HcnpaBHbIH: CHCTeMHbIH:
6JIOK C ):{HCKeT .n;OJI)I(HO 6bITb HHCTaJIJlHpOBaHO nporpaMMHoe 06eCneqeHHe 3lJ,-MTIK 06CJIY)l(HBa-
IOIl{HM nepcoHaJIOM nOCTa 3lJ, B COOTBeTCTBHH co CneU;HaJIbHOH: «I1HcrpYKIJ;HeH: no HHCTaJIJISlU;HH
nporpaMMHoro 06eCneqeHHSI».
MUl(ponpoeccopHaH eHmpaJlU3aUH «Ehilock-950)). B HaCTOSlIl{ee BpeMSI 60JIee 30 CTaHU;HH:
pOCCHH:CKHX )l(eJIe3HbIx.n;opor 060py.n;oBaHbI 3lJ, MI1KpOnpOu;eccopHoro THna (MTIlJ,). Ha 60JIbIllHH-
CTBe H3 HHX HCnOJIb3YeTCSI CHCTeMa MTIlJ, «Ebilock-950», a,n,anmpOBaHHaSi 000 «EoM6ap.n;be TpaHc-
nOpTeH:IllH (CHrHaJI)>>.lI)ISI pOCCHH:CKHX )l(eJIe3HbIX .n;opor.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHHSlMH n. 4.8I1HCTpYKIJ;HH lJ,IIl-720 npH npoBe.n;eHHH OnbITHOH: 3Kcn-
JIyaTaU;HH MTIlJ, «Ebilock-950» lJ,IIl MTIC POCCHH 6bIJIO YTBep)l()J,eHO «PYKOBO.n;CTBO no 3KCIIJIya-
TaIJ;HH MTIlJ, "Ebilock -950"», SlBJISIIOIl{eeCSI COCTaBHOH: qaCTblO TeXHOJIOrHqeCKOH: npOeKTHOH: .n;OKY-
MeHTaU;HH.
HanOJIbHbIe YCTpOH:CTBa 3lJ, (cTpeJIOqHbIe 3JIeKTpOnpHBo.n;bI, cBeTo<popbI, peJIbCOBbIe u;enH,
nepee3.n;bI, Ka6eJIbHbIe ceTH OT 06'beKTHbIx KOHTpOJIJIepOB K HanOJIbHbIM YCTpOH:CTBaM H .n;p.);
nOCTOBbIe YCTpOH:CTBa (cTaTHBbI C peJIeH:HbIM 060py.n;oBaHHeM, reHepaTopaMH H npHeMHHKaMH
peJIbCOBbIX ueneH:, TpaHc<popMaTopaMH, nepBHqHbIe H BTOpHqHbIe HCTOqHHKH nHTaHHSI) H YCT-
pOH:CTBa 3aIl{HTbI (3a3eMJIeHHSI, pa3pSl.n;HHKH, npe.n;oxpaHHTeJIH, YCTpOH:CTBa KOHTpOJISI conpo-
THBJIeHHSI H30JISlU;HH MOHTa)l(a) 06CJIY)I(HBalOTCSI B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHHSlMH I1HCTPYKu;HH
no TeXHHqeCKOMY 06CJIY)I(HBaHHIO YCTpOH:CTB ClJ,E lJ,1ll-720 H «TeXHOJIOrHH 06CJIY)I(HBaHHSI» B
COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHHSlMH, YTBep)l()J,eHHbIMH ,l],enapTaMeHToM aBTOMaTHKH H TeJIeMeXaHH-
KH OAO «P)I(,l],».
lJ,eHTpaJIbHbIH: npou;eccop, 06'beKTHbIe KOHTpOJIJIepbI, KOHu;eHTpaTopbI HH<popMaU;HH, BCTpoeH-
HbIe HCTOqHHKH 3JIeKTpOnHTaHHSI H aBToMaTH3HpoBaHHbIe pa60qHe MeCTa (APM) npe.n;CTaBJISIIOT
c060H: YCTpOH:CTBa, KOTopbIe He Tpe6YIOT B npou;ecce 3KCIIJIyaTaU;HH nepHo.n;HqeCKOH: HaCTpOH:KH H
perYJIHpOBKH. I1x 06CJIY)I(HBaHHe 3aKJIIOqaeTCSI B nepHo.n;HqeCKOM oCMoTpe, qHCTKe H ou;eHKe co-
CTOSlHHSI no nOKa3aHI1S1M KOHTpOJIbHO-H3MepHTeJIbHbIX npH60poB HJIH cpe.n;CTB HR,[{HKaU;HH. B CJIY-
qae BbIXo.n;a H3 CTpOSI OT.n;eJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB OHH 3aMeHSIIOTCSI 3anaCHbIMH, a HeHcnpaBHbIe peMoH-
THpyeT npoH3Bo.n;HTeJIb 060py.n;oBaHI1S1I1JIH opraHH3aU;HSI, aTTeCTOBaHHaSi HM Ha npaBo BbIIIOJIHe-
HHSI peMOHTHbIX pa60T.
OT.n;eJIbHbIe BH.n;bI pa60T no TeXHHqeCKOMY 06CJIY)l(HBaHHIO YCTpOH:CTB MTIlJ, «Ebilock-950» C
YKa3aHHeM nepHo.n;HqHOCTH I1X BbIIIOJIHeHHSI npHBe.n;eHbI B Ta6JI. 3.2.
CHCTeMa 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpoJIJIepOB (COK) pa3pa60TaHa TaKHM 06Pa30M, qTO npo<pHJIaKTHqec-
Koe 06CJIY)l(HBaHHe B npou;ecce 3KCnJIyaTaU;HH He Tpe6yeTCSI.
TIpH BbII10JIHeHHH MOHTa)l(a CHCTeMa 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpoJIJIepOB TeCTHpYeTCSI C npHMeHeHHeM
CIIeU;HaJIH3HpOBaHHbIX annapaTHbIX H nporpaMMHbIX cpe.n;CTB. Ha 3TOM 3Tane pa60T npOH3BO,IUlTCSI
CJIe.n;YIOIl{He eUObl mecmupOeQIlUfl: COOTBeTCTBHe Ha60pa B03MO)l(HbIX KOMaH.n; .n;JISI Ka)l(.n;oro
3a.AaHHOrO 06'beKTHOrO KOHTpOJIJIepa, ,lllliI Ka)I(.ZJ:OH: no.n;CHCTeMbI, o6ne):{HHeHHOH: O.n;HOH: neTJIeH: CBSI-
3H; cneU;H<pHqHbIe nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHOCTH KOMaR,[{,lllliI Ka)l()J,OrO o6neKTHoro KOHTpoJIJIepa; KOHTpOJIb
H3MeHeHHSI COCTOSlHHSI HanOJIbHOrO 060py.n;OBaHHSI; COOTBeTCTBHe Ha60pa B03MO)l(HbIX KOMaR,[{,lllliI
Ka)l(,lloro 3a,n,aHHoro CBSl3eBoro KOHueHTpaTopa (YKTI).
,[LmI y.n;06cTBa nOJIb30BaTe.rreH: cyIl{eCTBYeT B03MO)l(HOCTb BHeIllHHX npOBepOK COK. B .n;onOJIHe-
HHe K BJIYII>eHHHM cpe.n;CTBaM ):{HarnOCTHKlf CHCTeMbI 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpoJIJIepOB I1MeIOTCSI.n;onOJIHH-
172

Ta6Jlul/a 3.2
TeXHUqeCKOe 06CJIyuBaHue YCTpoitcTB MIIlJ, «Ebilock-950»
n}'HKThI BHn:bI YClpOHCTB IIepHon:H'lHOCTh JilcnOnHHTenb <1>opMa
IIpHno)l(eHHSI 1 H HaHMeHOBaHHe pa60T n:oK)'MeHTa
K JilHClpYJCl(HH n:JISI
U,1Il-720 o4>opMJIeHHSI
1. npoBepKa 3aBHCHMOCTeH
1.1 npoBepKa Ha CTaHUHSIX... (lIMee nocne 3aMeHbI lIlqy, (lIlHC), AKT
no TeKCTY) BepcHH no WH npH Y'-IacniH
npen:CTaBHTenSI
06mecTBa
--- --- --- --- ---
1.8 IIpoBepKa COOTBeTCTBHSI 1 pa3 B lpH ron:a IlIHC, lIlH OTMeTKa
n:eHCTBYIOmHX YClpOHCTB Ha
MIIU, H YCTaHOBneHHoro n:eHCTBYIOm-
nporpaMMHoro 06eCne'leHHfl HX cxeMax,
yrnep)l(lIeHHOH TeXHWfeCKOH )l(YPHM
n:oK)'MeHTaUHH WY-2
1.9 IIpoBepKa n:eHCTBHfl HanonbHblX IIocne 3aMeHbI IlIHC, lIlH, ,l],CII ,l],Y-46,
YClpOHCTB CU,E nnaT 06'beKTHbIX lIlY-2
c APM LlCn, nO,lUOIlOqeHHbIX K KOHTpoIDIepoB
06'beKTHbIM KOHTpOJIJmepaM
06cJlY)KHBaHHe aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHbIX pa60'lHX MeCT
5.6.1 Pa3MarHH'lHB<lHHe MOHHTOpa C 1 pa3 B MeCflu IlIH WY-2
3neKlpOHHO-nY'-leBOM lpy6KOM
5.6.2 qHCTKa nOBepXHOCTeM MOHHTOpa TO )l(e lIlH lIlY - 2
5.6.8 BHYTPeHHflSI 'lHCTKa CHCTeMHOrO IIpH He06xon:H- IlIHC, WH ,l],Y-46,
6noKa KOMnblOTepa, pa360pKa MOCTH lIlY - 2
H CMa3Ka BeHTIlJISITOpa
5.6.9 IIpoBepKa Han:e)l(}fOCTII 1 pa3 B KBapTan lIlH lIlY - 2
KpenneHHfl pa3'beMOB
H coen:HHHTenbHbIX UIHypOB
5.6.10 IIpoBepKa HH4>opMauHH IIo pa60'lHM n:IDlM lIlHC (lIlH) ,l],Y-46,
CHCTeMHOrO )l(}'pHMa APM lIlH WY-2
H YClpaHeHHe OTKJIOHeHHH B
pa60Te YClpOMCTB OT 3a,l(aHHbIX
napaMelpOB
no HTOraM aHMH3a
5.7. 06cn}')KHBaHHe HH4>opMauHoHHoro H nporpaMMHoro 06eCne'leHHSI
5.7.1 npoBepKa COOTBeTCTBHSI 1 pa3 B MecSIU IlIH lIlY - 2
nOKa3aHHSI BpeMeHH CHCTeMHbIX
'laCOB TeKYJl\eM)' BpeMeHH
5.7.2 IIpoBepKa npaBHnbHOCTH 1 pa3 B MecSIU IlIHC lIlY - 2
Ben:eHHSI apxHBHblX 4>afuIoB
5.7.3 06HOBneHHe pe3epBHbIX KonHM nocne npoBepKH lIlqy, ,l],C AKT,
HH4>opMauHoHHoro HOBbIX BepcHM (3aM. ,l],C) Ta6nHUbI
H nporpaMMHOrO 06eCne'leHHSI H HX yrnep)l(lIeHHfl H npen:CTaBHTenb npOBepKH
06mecTBa 3aBHCHMOC-
TeM
5.8. 06cn}')KHBaHHe CHCTeMbI o6DeKTHbIX KOHlpOJUIepOB
5.8.1 OCMOTp lIIKa4>oB 06'beKTHbIX 1 pa3 B KBapTan lIlH, IlIU,M lIlY - 2
KOHlpOJUIepOB,npOBepKa
pa3'beMOB Ka6enbHbIX
coen:HHeHHM, Han:e)l(}fOCTII HX
KpenneHHSI
5.8.2 IIpoBepKa HMH'lHSI 3anaCHbIX 1 pa3 B ron: lIlH WY-2
nnaT H n:pyroro 060Pyn:oBaHHfl
MIIU, Ha COOTBeTCTBHe
yrnep)l(lIeHHoM)' nepe'lHIO
5.8.3 npOBepKa pa60TbI H COCTOSlHHSI 1 pa3 B MeCflU lIlH ,l],Y-46,
06'beKTHbIX KOHlponnepOB WY-2
no nOKa3aHHSlM cpe)],CTB
HH,lJ;HKaL{HH
173

OKOlllJallUe ma6Jl. 3.2
II}'HKThI BH,lIbI yc-fpoi1:cTB OepHon:HqHOCTh I1cnonHHrenb <1>opMa
IIpl1JIo)l(eHHR 1 H HaHMeHOBaHHe pa60T n:OK)'MeHTa
K I1HclpYJCl(HH n:JUJ
UlIl-720 o<popMneHHR
5.9. 06Cn}')KHBaHHe u:eHlpMbHoro npou:eccopa
5.9.1 IIpoBepKa pa60ThI H COCTOflHHfl E)I(en:HeBHo lIlH IlIY-2
U:eHlpMbHOfO npou:eccopa
H Mon:eMOB nerenb CBR3H
no nOKa3aHHRM HHD:HKaU:HH
5.9.2 Hap}')KHaR qHCTKa, BH)'TpeHHHM 1 pa3 B ron: lIlH, lIlUM illY - 2
OCMOlp H qHCTKa IlIKa<pa
u:eHlpMbHoro npou:eccopa
8. Ka6enbHaR ceTh. BHyrpeHHHM MOHTa)l(
H CHfHMbHbIe B03n:YllIHble nHHHH
8.1.4 113MepeHHeconpoTHBneHHfl 1 pa3 B ron: IlIHC, lIlH, ,l],Y-46,
H30JIRU:HH BCeX)l(HJI Ka6enR IlIUM illY -64
C MHHHMMbHbIM OTKJIIOqeHHeM
MOHTa)l(a co CTOpOHbI
HanonbHoro060pyn:OBaHHR
H nonHbIM OTKJIlOqeHHeM
co CTOpOHbI OKIm CTaHU:HRX
H neperOHax
8.1.6 IIpoBen:eHHe reCTa 0 KaqeCTBe IIepen: nYCKOM YClpOMCTB Pa60THHK PTY JJ.Y -46,
MOHTa)l(a neTnH CBR3H B 3KcnnyaTaliHIO H nocne H IlIHC lIlY -67
(EEPT reCT) peMOHTa I1JIH 3aMeHbI Ka6enfl
9.3. YClpOMCTBa 6ecnepe60MHoro nHTaHHfl (YEll)
9.3.1 IIpoBepKa pa60ThI H 1 pa3 B MeCflU: IlIH lIlY - 2
perynHpoBKa napaMelpoB YEll
9.3.2 BHellIHHM OCMOlp H Hap}')KHM 1 pa3 B KBapmn IlIH, IlIUM illY - 2
qHCTKa YEn H aKKYMYnflTOpoB,
npoBepKa HanpR)I(eHHR
aKKYMYnflTOpHOM 6aTapeH,
npoBepKa pa60ThI BeHTHnRTOpa
9.3.3 npoBepKa pa60ThI Mnu OT 2 pa3a B ron: IlIHC, lIlH ,l],Y-46,
HCTOqHHKa 6ecnepe60MHoro lIlY - 2
nHTaHHfl C OTKJIIOqeHHbIM
BHellIHHM 3neKTPOCHa6)1(eHHeM.
IIepe3apfln:Ka 6aTapeH
9.3.4 IIpoBepKa pa60ThI Mnu 2 pa3a B ron: IlIH C, IlIH ,l],Y-46,
OT 3neKTPOCeTH C OTKJIlOqeHHeM lIlY - 2
BpyqHYJO OT HarpY3KH YEn
f
TenbHble cpe.n;CTBa ,[(JUI YCKopeHHjI pa60T no 06HapY)I(eHHIO H ycrpaHeHHIO HeHcnpaBHOCTeii. ,[LmI
06ecneqeHIDl3TOii <PYHKWm PM rrnaT OCHamaerCjI CBerO.n;HO.ZJ:HbIMH JflJ,lUfKaTOpaMH pe)l(HMa pa60ThI.
B cnyqae 06HapY)l(eHHjI HeHcnpaBHoCTH KaKoro-nH60 MO.n:yJIjI OH 3aMeHjlerCjI 3anaCHbIM. TIpH
He06xo.AHMOCTH 3aMeHbI rrnaThI CCM cne.n:yer CHjlTb 6noK «MO,LJ;YJIb I1AM.5ITI1» C HeHcnpaBHoii
rrnaTbI H YCTaHOBHTb Ha HOBYIO rrnaT)'. Bee onepau;HH no 3aMeHe neqaTHbIX rrnaT 06'beKTHbIx KOH-
TpOJIJIepOB .n;OJDKHbI npoH3BO):(HThCjI npH BbIKJIlOqeHHOM nHTaHllif 3Toro KOHTpOJIJIepa. Heco6JIIO.n;e-
HHe 3Toro npaBlilla MO)l(er npHBeCTH K nOBpeHHIO 3neKTpoHHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB neqaTHbIX rrnaT
o6'beKTHoro KOHTpOJIJIepa.
BbIKnlOqeHHe YCTpoiiCTB H3 u;eHTparrH3aU;HH B 3TOii CHCTeMe MI1lJ, npoH3Bo.n;HTCjI TonbKO 6e3
coxpaHeHHjI nonb30BaHHjI CHrHarraMH. I1oPMOK BbIKmoqeHHjI H3 u;eHTparrH3awm YCTpoiiCTB ClJ,E
onpe.n;eneH I1HcrpYKU;Heii lJ,IIl-530.
Bbl1UllOlJellUe CmpeJlKU ocym:eCTBnjlercjI 3neKTpoMexaHHKoM rryreM H3'bjfffiji .A}')KeK B KOHTponbHoii
H pa60qeii u;enjlx BbIKnlOqaeMOii CTpenKH. 3neKTpOMexaHHK COBMeCTHO c,LJ;CI1 y6e)K)];aIOTCjI, qTO
BbIKJIlOqeHa HMeHHO Ta CTpenKa, 0 KOTOpoii C.AenaHa 3anHCb B )l(YPHarre ocMoTpa ,LJ;Y-46, no OTCYT-
CTBHIO KOHTponji ee nOJIO)l(eHHjI Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTOpOB APM ,LJ;CI1.
174

BblKJllOl.lellUe U30JlUpOea1l1l020 Yl.laCmKa 6e3 3aKpbITHSI no HeMY .n;BH:>KeHHSI, B CJIyqae, Kor.n;a B
npOH3Bo.n;CTBe pa60T Tpe6YeTcSI yqaCTHe ::meKTpOMexaHHKa, ocyeCTBJISleTCSI ::meKTpOMexaHHKOM C
OTKJIlOqeHHeM nYTeBoro peJIe nYTeM H3'bSiTHSI .n;Y:>KeK Ha peJIeMHOM KOHue HJIH OTKJIlOqeHHeM MOH-
Ta:>KHOrO npOBo.n;a C KOHTaKTa 06MOTKH nYTeBoro peJIe.
BbIKJIlOqeHHe H30JIHpOBaHHoro yqaCTKa C 3aKpbITHeM no He MY .n;BH:>KeHHSI, B CJIyqae, Kor.n;a B
npOH3Bo.n;CTBe pa60T He Tpe6yeTcSI yqaCTHe 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKa, ocyeCTBJISleTCSI,[{CIl nYTeM 6JIO-
KHpOBKH H30JIHpOBaHHoro yqaCTKa KOMaH,[{OM «CEB». BbIKJIlOqeHHe H30JIHpOBaHHoro yqaCTKa C
3aKpbITHeM no HeMY .n;BH:>KeHHSI B CJIyqae, Kor.n;a B npOH3Bo.n;CTBe pa60T Tpe6yeTcSI yqaCTHe 3JIeKT-
pOMexaHHKa, ocyeCTBJISleTCSI 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKOM OTKJIlOqeHHeM nYTeBoro peJIe. ,[{cn B TaKOM
CJIyqae .n;OJI:>KeH 3a6JIOKHpOBaTb H30JIHpOBaHHbrn: yqaCToK KOMaH,[{OM «CEB».
BblKJllOl.lellUe ceemOfpopa, Kor.n;a B npOH3BOLJ:CTBe pa60T Tpe6yeTcSI yqaCTHe 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKa,
ocymeCTBJISleTCSl3JIeKTpOMeXaHHKOM rryTeM H3'bSlTHSI npe.n;oxpaHHTeneM B UenH nHTaHlUl orHeM CBe-
TO<popa. ,[{CIl no HH,L(HKauHH Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa APM ,l],CIl y6e:>K,J::J;aeTcSI, qTO BbIKJIlOqeH HMeHHO
TOT CBeTO<pOP, 0 KOTOpOM CLJ:eJIaHa 3anHCb B )K ypHaJIe oCMoTpa,l],Y -46.
BblKJIlOqeHHe CBeTo<popa, Kor.n;a B npoH3Bo.n;CTBe pa60T He Tpe6yeTcSI yqaCTHe 3JIeKTpOMexaHH-
Ka, ocymeCTBJISleTCSI KOMaH,[{OM «CUB». 3aMbIKaHHe MaprnpYTa no BbIKJIlOqeHHOMY CBeTO<pOPY HC-
KJIlOqeHO.
B CJIyqae, Kor.n;a oTKpbIBaTb CBeTO<pOp Ha pa3pernalOmee nOKa3aHHe HeJIb3S1, TO ,l],CIl, MSl3aMbI-
KaHHSI MaprnpYTa no CBeTO<pOPY, .n;OJI:>KeH HCnOJIb30BaTb KOMaHLJ:Y «YI1B (YMB)>>.
3a nepHo.n; 3KCIIJIyaTaUHH Mill! «Ebilock-950» BbISlBJIeHbI ee 3HaqHTeJIbHbIe npeHMymeCTBa no
cpaBHeHHIO C cHCTeMoM BMPl!. KOJIHqeCTBO OTKa30B CHH:>KaeTCSI 3a CqeT 60JIee BbICOKoro ypOBHSI
Ha.Ae:>KHOCTH KOMnblOTepHoM CHCTeMbI H, KaK CJIe.n;CTBHe, nOBbIrnaeTCSI ypoBeHb 6e30nacHocTH .n;BH-
:>KeHHSI noe3.n;OB. 3TO .n;ocTHrHYTo 3a CqeT pe3epBHpoBaHlliI MHorHX <PYHKl{HOHaJIbHbIX Y3JIOB H BbI-
COKOM 3KCIIJIyaTaUHoHHoM rOTOBHOCTH CHCTeMbI K nOSlBJIeHHIO aBapHMHbIX CHTyaUHM H BbIXO.n;y H3
HHX. Mill! HMeeT Ha.Ae:>KHbIM nOJIb30BaTeJIbCKHM HHTep<peMc C oT06pa:>KeHHeM .n;eTaJIbHOM H 0630P-
HOM cxeMbI CTaHI{HH Ha APM ,l],CIl H IIlH. CneUHaJIH3HpOBaHHoe nporpaMMHoe 06eCneqeHHe cHa6-
:>KeHO rnHpoKHM cneKTpoM TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHX <PYHKUHM H onuHM, KOTOpbIX HeT B CHCTeMe BMPl!.
B xo.n;e 3KCIIJIyaTauHH BbISlBJIeHbI PM «Y3KHX MeCT» H He.n;opa60TOK npoeKToB, KOTopbIe npHBo-
LJ:HJIH K C60SlM B pa60Te Mill!. HaH60JIbrnee KOJIWIeCTBO OTKa30B npoHcxo.n;HJIO B CHCTeMe nepe.n;a-
'ill .n;aHHbIX: pa3pbIB KaHaJIa HH,[{HKaUHH; nponaaaHHe oT06pa:>KeHHSI noe3.n;Horo nOJIO:>KeHHSI Ha APM
,[{CIl H IIlH; aBTOMaTHqeCKOe nepeKJIlOqeHHe .n:y6JIHpOBaHHbIx 6JIOKOB UeHTpaJIbHOrO npoueccop-
Horo YCTpoMCTBa H3 pe:>KHMa ropSlqero pe3epBHpoBaHHSI B onepaTHBHbIM pe:>KHM; HeKaqeCTBeHHbIM
MOHTa:>K KOaKCHaJIbHOrO Ka6eJISI H npHMeHetme pa3'beMOB HH3KOM KaTeropHH, He yqHTbIBalOmHX
cneUH<pHqeCKHe Tpe60BaHHSI :>KeJIe3Ho.n;opO:>KHOrO TpaHcnopTa (BbICOKHM ypOBeHb 3JIeKTpOMarHHT-
HbIX nOMex, BH6paUHSI, rnYM, rnHpOKHM pa36poc pa60qeM TeMnepaTypbI); OTKa3bI OT.n;eJIbHbIX HH-
Tep<peMCHbIX H neqaTHbIX IIJIaT CTpeJIOqHbIX H CBeTo<popHbIX 06'beKTHbIX KOHTpOJIJIepOB (B BH.LJ:Y
nOSlBJIeHHSI HeOT<pHJIbTpOBaHHOro nHTaHHSI B MOMeHT pa60TbI HCTOqHHKa 6ecnepe60MHoro nHTaHHSI
B pe:>KHMe by-pass).
MUKpOnpOtjeCCOp1lWlije1lmpWlU3aijUR 3lJ-EM. Ha pa60THHKOB .AHCTaHuHH CHrHaJIH3auHH H CBSI-
3H B03JIaraeTCSI OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a HcnpaBHoe co.n;ep:>KaHHe H HOpMaJIbH}'IO pa60TY HanOJIbHbIX H
nOCTOBbIX ycrpOMCTB 3l!. AnnapaTbI ynpaBJIeHHSI H Kyp6eJIH (MSI nepeBo.n;a crpeJIOK BpyqHYIO)
comaCHO OIIHCH HOpMa.JIbHO OIUlOM6HpoBaHbl. CIDITHe IUloM6 co BCeX ycrpOMCTB H HX OIUlOM6HpoBa-
HHe HMeIOT rrpaBO IIpOH3BO,llHTb 3JIeK'rpOMeXaHHK H CTapIIIHi1: 3JIeKTpOMexaHHK Cl!E. ,l],CIl KOHTpOJIH-
PYeT HcrrpaBHoCTb YCTpoMCTB H nOe3.n;Hoe nOJIO:>KeHHe no HH,[{HKauHH Ha Il3BM PM ,l],CIl.
,l],JISI npoBe.n;eHHSI npo<pHJIaKTHqeCKHX pa60T ynpaBJISllOmero BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHOrO KOMIIJIeKCa
3JIeKTpOMexaHHK CTaBHT B H3BeCTHOCTb ,l],CIl H npHCTynaeT K pa60Te TOJIbKO nOCJIe nOJIyqeHHSI
COrJIaCHSI Ha HX npoBe.n;eHHe. IlpH OTKa3e o.n;Horo H3 BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHbIX KaHaJIOB YBK Ha 3KpaH
Il3BM BbI.n;aeTCSI C006meHHe: «l!IlY PABOTAET BE3 PE3EPBA», H nOSlBJISleTCSI CHMBOJI
HeHcnpaBHoCTH l!I1Y (MHralOaSI 6}'KBa «l!» :>KeJIToro UBeTa). IlpH 3TOM Ha O.n;HOM HJIH.n;BYX Il3BM
nOSiBIDIIOTCSI CHMBOJIbI OTCYTCTBHSI CBSl3H C YBK (MHralOmHe 6YKBbI «A» HJIH «B» KpaCHoro
uBeTa).
r
175

IIocJIe OTKa3a o.n;HOrO H3 KaHaJIOB ynpaBJISIlOlUHM BbIqHCJIlUeJIbHbIM KOMIIJIeKC nepexo.n;HT B
.n;BYXKaHaJIbHbIM pe:>KHM pa60TbI. IIpH :nOM CHCTeMa 3D-EM npo.n;OJI:>KaeT BbIIIOJIHSlTb YHKl{HH
3D B nOJIHOM 06'beMe 6e3 CHH:>KeHHSI CTeneHH 6e30naCHOCTH H npe.n;npHHHMaeT nonbITKY aBTOMa-"
THqeCKOrO BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI OTKa3aBIIIero KaHaJIa Ha Xo.n;y. ECJIlf aBTOMaTHqeCKOe BOCCTaHOBJIe-
HHe OTKa3aBIIIerO KaHaJIa npOH30IIlJIO, Bbl,L{aeTCSI co06lUeHHe: «DIIY P AEOT AET B IllT A THOM
PE}KI1ME», H CHMBOJI HeHcnpaBHOCTH DIIY HCqe3aeT. IIpH 3TOM HCqe3aeT H OTCYTCTBHe CBSl3H
ll3BM C YBK.
ECJIH aBTOMaTHqeCKOe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe He 6billO peaJIH30BaHO, OTKa3aBIIIHM DIIY nepexo.n;HT B
He06parnMoe COCTOSlHHe H nO.lI)Ie:>KHT peMOHTY H nOCJIe.n;YlOlUeMY no.n;KJIlOqeHHIO B PyqHOM pe)l(H-
Me B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHHSlMH «I1HcrpYKl{lfH no 3KCIIJIyaTal{HH CHCTeMbI 3D-EM». B 3TOM
c.rryqae ,l],CII He06xo.AHMO cpa3Y )l(e BbI3BaTb 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKa, OTMeTHB rrpH 3TOM npWIHHY H Bpe-
MSI BbI30Ba.
IIocJIe .n;OKJIa.n;a 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKa 06 YCTpaHeHHH HeHcnpaBHocTeM B OTKa3aBIIIeM BbIqHCJIH-
TeJIbHOM KaHaJIe, ,l],CII B nepHO.n; HaHMeHee HHTeHcHBHoM pa60TbI CTaHl{lfH (HaH60JIee no.n;XOJUlrn:aSl
cHTyal{HSI- OTcYTCTBHe MapIIIpYToB) .n;aeT pa3peIIIeHHe 3JIeKTpOMexaHHKY npoH3BeCTH no.n;KJIlOqe-
HHe BbIqHCJIlfTeJIbHOrO KaHaJIa B pa60T)', T.e. oCYlUecTBlfTb nepexo.n; H3 .n;BYXKaHaJIbHOrO B TpexKa-
HaJIbHbIM pe:>KHM pa60TbI YBK (nocJIe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI HeHcnpaBHoro BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHOrO KaHaJIa
HH,[{HKal{lfSi HeHcnpaBHocTH DIIY HCqe3HeT). BpeMSI no.n;KJIlOqeHlliI BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHOrO KaHaJIa OT-
MeqaeTCSI B )l(YPHaJIe OCMOTpa. TeKYlUee COCTOSlHHe 6JIOKOB DIIY oT06pa)l(aeTCSI COOTBeTCTBYIO-
lUeM HH,[{HKal{lfeM Ha caMHX 6JIOKaX B IIIKay YBK.
OrKa3 Bcero YBK npoHcxo.n;HT npH OTKa3e .n;BYX lfJIH Tpex BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHbIX KaHaJIOB O.n;HH 3a
.n;PyrHM, Kor.n;a HeB03MO:>KHO ycneTb oTpeMOHTHpOBaTb H BOCCTaHOBHTb nepBbIM H3 OTKa3aBIIIHX Ka-
HaJIOB. B TaKHX CJIyqaSlX Ha 3KpaH II3BM Bbl,L{alOTCSI co06lUeHHSI:
<<l{IIY P AEOT AET EE3 PE3EPBA»,
«CI1CTEMA OCTAHOBJIEHA - HE PABOTAET DIIY»,
H nOSlBJISleTCSI CHMBOJI Hepa60Tocnoc06HoCTH DIIY (MHralOlUaSl6YKBa «D» KpacHoro l{BeTa). IIpH
3TOM Ha Bcex II3BM nOSlBJISIIOTCSI CHMBOJIbI OTCYTCTBHSI CBSl3H C YBK (MHralOlUHe 6YKBbI «A» H
«B» KpaCHoro l{BeTa) H npe.n:ynpe.n;HTeJIbHbIM TpaHcnapaHT:
«HA 3TOH II3BM HET CBR311 C YBK: 11H,l],I1KADIUI OTKJIlOqEHA,
,l],I1PEKTI1BbI HE BBO,l],I1Tb!!!»
KpoMe 3Toro MorYT 6bITb Bbl,L{aHbI co06lUeHHSI:
«HET PE3EPBA DEIIEH KOHTPOJUl»,
«HET PE3EPBA DEIIEH YIIP ABJIEHIUI».
IIocJIe 3Toro CHCTeMa 3D-EM npe.AnpHHHMaeT nonbITKY aBTOMaTWIeCKoro BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI OT-
Ka:JaBIIIHX KaHaJIOB. ECJIH aBTOMaTHqeCKOe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe npOH30IIlJIO H CHCTeMa nepeIIlJIa pa60-
TaTb B TpeXKaHaJIbHbIM pe)l(HM pa60TbI Bbl,L{aeTCSI co06rn:eHHe: «DIIY P ABOT AET B IllT A TH OM
PE)l{I1ME».
ECJIH aBTOMaTHqeCKOe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe npOH30IIIJIO H CHCTeMa nepeIIlJIa pa60TaTb B .n;ByxKa-
HaJIbHbIM pe:>KHM pa60TbI, Bbl,L{aeTCSI co06rn:eHHe: «DIIY P AEOT AET BE3 PE3EPBA».
B 060HX cJIyqaSlx Ha 3KpaHe II3BM BOCCTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI HH,[{HKal{lfSi TeKYlUero COCTOSlHHSI Ha-
nOJIbHbIX 06'beKTOB, npona.AaeT HH,[{HKal{HSI HeHcnpaBHoCTH DIIY H OTCYTCTBlfSi CBSl3H C YBK, H
CHCTeMa BXO):{HT B pe:>KHM TpexMHHyrnoM Bbl,L{ep)l(KH BpeMeHH C Bbl,L{aqeM co06lUeHHSI: «HA qAT A
TPEXMI1HYTHA5I Bbl,l],EP)I(KA BPEMEHI1». IIo OKOH'IaHHH TpeXMHlfYTHOM Bbl,L{ep)l(KH BpeMe-
HH Bbl,L{alOTCSI co06lUeHHSI:
«3ABEPIllEHA TPEXMI1HYTHAR BbI,l],EP)I(KA BPEMEHH»,
«CI1CTEMA rOTOBA K PAEOTE».
,l],JISI nOJIyqeHHSI nOCJIe OKOHqaHlliI TpexMHH)'THOM Bbl,L{ep:>KKH BpeMeHH B03MO)l(HOCTH ynpaBJIe-
HHSI HanOJIbHbIMH 06'beKTaMH ,l],CII p:0JI)I(eH Ha)l(aTb H B TeqeHHe HeCKOJIbKHX ceKYH,[{ y.n;ep)l(HBaTb
Cnel{HaJIbHYIO KHonKY Ha nYJIbTe-Ta6JIo npSlMonpoBo.n;Horo ynpaBJIeHHSI H KOHTpOJISI.
IIplf OTKa3e o.n;Horo HJIH HeCKOJIbKHX Mo.n;YJIeM BBo.n;a Ha 3KpaH II3BM Bbl,L{aeTCSI co06lUeHHe:
«HET PE3EPBA DEIIEH KOHTPOJUI». IIpH 3TOM COXPaHSIeTCSI KOHTpOJIb BceX 06'beKTOB Ha CTaH-
176

l.(HH. Ha MOHHTOpe TI3BM nOSlBn5leTC5I CHMBon HeHcnpaBHOCTH l.(eneii KOHTpon51 (MHralOIl{a5l6YKBa
«K» :>KenTOrO l{BeTa).
EcnH XOT5I 6bI .n;Ba OTKa3aBIIIHX Mo.n:yn51 npIlHa.n;.rre:>KanH o.n;Hoii TpH8,[{e BBo.n;a, Bbl)];aeTC5I co06Il{e-
HHe: «OTKJIlOqEHA rpYIITIA DETIEH: KOHTPOJUb). TIpH 3TOM KOHTponb HanonbHbIX 06'beK-
TOB, BBO.n; KOTOpbIX npOH3BO.D:HJIC5I qepe3 OTKa3aBIIl)'1O TpHa.n:y, 6y.n;eT nOTep5lH, H cHcreMa 6y.n;eT
CqHTaTb cooTBeTcrBYIOIl{He CBeTOOpbI HeHcnpaBHbIMH, crpenKH - He IIMelOIl{HMH KOHTpon5l, ceK-
l.(HH H yqacrKH rryTH, 3aIDITbIMH H T.Il. B 3TOM cnyqae Ha MOHIiTope TI3BM n05lBn5leTC5I CHMBon
Hepa60Tocrroc06HOCTH ueneii KOHTpOn51 (MHralOIl{a5l6YKBa «K» KpaCHoro u BeTa ).
TIOnyqHB C006Il{eHHe 06 OTKa3e Mo.n:yneii BBo.n;a, ,l],CTI.n;on:>KeH CPOqHO H3BecrHTb 06 3TOM 3neK-
TpoMexaHHKa, 3aIIKClipOBaB BpeM51 H npWIHHY BbI30Ba B «)KypHane ocMOTpa».
OTKa3aBIIIHe 6noKH Tpe6YlOT 3aMeHbl. TIocne ycrpaHeHH5I HeHcnpaBHocreii Mo.n;yneii BBo.n;a no-
Tep5lHHbIii KOHTpOnb HanonbHbIX 06'beKTOB BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTC5I aBTOMaTHqeCKH (npH ycnoBHH OT-
CYTCTBH5I HeHcnpaBHocreii LJ:pyrHx 6noKoB YBK). Ha 3KpaH TI3 BM 6y.n;eT Bbl)];aHO c006Il{eHHe:
«TIO.z:UOIlOqEHbI BCE DETII1 KOHTPOJUI».I1H,[{11Kal{llil CHMBonOB HeHcnpaBHocrH (Hepa60-
Tocnoc06HocrH) l.(eneii KOHTpOn51 npH 3TOM c6pacbIBaeTc5I. TeKYlllee COCT05lHHe Mo.n;yneii BBo.n;a
OTpa:>KaeTC5I cooTBeTcrBYIOIl{eii HH,[{HKal.(Heii Ha caMHX 6noKax B lllKay YBK.
AHaJIOrH'IHO KOHTponHpYeTC5I OTKa3 (c Bbl)];aqeii C006Il{eHHii Ha 3KpaH MOHIiTopa) H OCYIllecrBn5l-
eTC5I BoccraHoBneHHe pa60Tocnoc06HocrH MO.Ayneii BbIBo.n;a (l.(eneii ynpaBneHH5I YBK). Ha 3KpaHe
MOHHTopa TI3BM KOHTponb COcrOSIHH5I3THX Mo.n:yneii oCyn.J;eCTBn5leTC5I ropeHHeM CIiMBOna «Y» (MH-
ralOIl{HM :>KenTbIM HJIH KpaCHbIM l.(BeTOM). TIocne ycrpaHeHH5I HeHcnpaBHocreii MOLJ:yneii BbIBo.n;a B03-
MO:>KHOcrb ynpaBJIemrn HanonbHbIMH 06'beKTaMH aBTOMaTHqeCKH He BOCCTaHaBJIIiBaeTC5I. TIo.D:KJllOqe-
HHe Mo.n;yneii BbIBo.n;a npOH3BO):{HTC5I,l], CTI nome .n;oKna.Aa 3neKTpOMexaHHKa 06 ycrpaHeHHH HeHcn-
paBHoCTeii Ha:>KaTHeM KHonKH «3TIK» Ha pe3epBHoM rrynbTe-Ta6no np5lMOnpoBo.n;Horo yrrpaBneHH5I.
TIpH OTKa3e Bcero YBK cHcreMa 3D-EM nepecraeT BbIIIOnH5ITb YHKl.(HH 3neKTpHqeCKOii l.(eHT-
panH3al.(HH B nonHOM 06'beMe. B pe:>KHMe aBapHiiHoro ynpaBneHH5I ocraeTC5I B03MO:>KHOcrb ynpaB-
n5lTb nepeBo.n;oM crpenoK 6e3 npOBepKH ycnoBHii 6e30naCHOCTH (KpoMe npOBepKH cB060.n;HOCTH
crpen01ffibIX ceKl{Hii) H OTKpbIBaTb nplirnaCHTenbHbIe CHrHanbI Ha BXO.n;HbIX H BbIXO.n;HbIX CBeTOO-
pax C maBHbIX nYTeii craHl.(HH. TIocne .n;OKJIa.Aa 3neKTpoMexaHHKa 06 ycrpaHeHHH HeHcnpaBHocreii
B .n;BYX JillH Tpex BbIqHCnliTenbHbIX KaHanax ,l],CTI OT:>KHMaeT KHonKY «YBK» .n;.rr51 nepexo.n;a B IIITaT-
HbIii pe:>KHM pa60TbI cHcreMbI 3D-EM.
BblKJlIOl.leHUe U 6KJlIOl.leHUe ycmpoucm6 ClJE. TIpH BbIKmoqeHHH H30nHpoBaHHoii ceKUHH H3 3aBH-
CHMOcrH C coxpaHeHHeM nonb30BaHH5I ClirnanaMH ceKl.(H5I.n;on:>KHa 6bITh pa30MKH)'Toii. 3neKTpOMe-
xaHHK .n;enaeT 3anHCb B,l],Y -46 0 BbIKJIlOqeHHH H30nHpOBaHHoro yqacrKa H3 3aBHCHMOCTH cornaCHO
I1Hcrp)'Kl.(HH Dlll-530. ,[{CTI BBO.n;HT IIH,lIHBH):{yanbHoe 3aMbIKaHHe crpenOK, BXO,WIIl{HX B BbIKJIlOqae-
MbIii yqacroK, H nocne 3Toro .n;aeT pa3peIlleHHe Ha BbIKJIlOqeHHe. 3neKTpOMeXaHHK OTKJIlOqaeT nYTe-
Boe pene OT cxeMbI penbcoBoii l.(enH. ,l],CTI, y6e.AHBIIIHCb no HH,[{HKal.(HH Ha MOHHTope B 06ecrOqHBa-
HHH nYTeBoro pene BbIKJIlOqaeMOrO yqacrKa, BBO):{HT .n;HpeKTHBY BbIKJIlOqemrn: «BbIKJIIOQEHI1E
CEKDI1I1 113 3ABI1 CI1M OCTI1 CD 9-11 CTI» (6blKJlIOl.leHUe U3 3Q6UCUMOCmu ceKlJUU 9-11 Cll).
I10cne BOCnpH5ITH5I ):{HpeKTIIBbI cHcreMoii Ha cxeMe-rrnaHe craHIUIH oT06pa:>KaeTc5I HH,[{HKal.(IDI
ycraHoBneHHoro MaKeTa CeKIJ;HH (BOCKJIIIl.(aTenbHbIe 3HaKH B KBa.ApaTaX KpacHoro l.(BeTa no Kpa5lM
ceKl.(HH) H Bbl)];aeTC5I C006Il{eHHe: «BbIKJIIOQEHA 113 3ABI1CI1MOCTI1.. .».
TIocne 3Toro ,l], CTI cOBMecrHo C 3neKTpoMexaHHKoM npOBep5leT HcnpaBHocrb .n;eiicrBH5I MaKeTa
nYTeM 38,[{aHH5I nlO60ro MapIllpYTa qepe3 3T)' CeKl.(HIO H HeB03MO:>KHocrb HH,[{HBlI,l],yanbHoro nepe-
Bo.n;a crpenOK, BXO,WIIl{HX B BbIKnlOqeHHbIii H30nHpoBaHHbIii yqacroK.
TIpH HeB03MO:>KHocrH BbIKnlOqeHH5I H3 3aBHCHMOCTH CeKl.(HH Bbl)];aeTC5I C006Il{eHHe: «He BbIK-
nlOqHTh H3 3aBHcHMocrH.. .». 3TO MO:>KeT npoH30iiTH H3-3a Toro, qTO CeKl.(H5I nH60 ocranacb 3aMK-
HYTOii, nH60 nYTeBoe pene Haxo.n;HTC5I no.n; TOKOM.
Ha craHl.(HH o.n;HoBpeMeHHo MO:>KeT BbIKJIIOQaTbC5I H3 3aBHcliMocrH He 60nee.ABYX ceKI.{Hii, n03TO-
MY npH nOnbITKe 3a.Aamrn TpeThero MaKeTa 6y.n;eT Bbl)];aHO C006Il{eHHe: «OIllH6Ka: TpeTHii MaKeT. . .».
BbIKJIIOQeHHe crpeJII<H H3 l.(eHTpanIl3aUHH C coxpaHeHHeM nonb30BaHH5I ClInrnnaMH BbIIIOnIDIeT-
C5I ycraHoBneHHbIM nopMKOM C Hcnonb30BaHHeM COOTBeTcrBYIOIl{HX .n;HpeKTHB:
12 H. fl. POra'ieBa
177

1. TIO)J;rOTOBKA MAKET A CTPEJIKI1
«rOTOB MaKeT NQ 1 CTp.. .».
TIpH 3TOM 6noKHPYeTCSI HH,l],HBH):{yaJIbHOe H MapllIpyrnoe ynpaBneHHe BceMH crpenKaMH Ha CTaH-
HH, aHa 3KpaHe .AHCIIJIeSl nOSlBnSleTCSI HH,l],HKaHSI nO,ArOTOBneHHoro MaKeTa BbIKJIIOqaeMOll CTPeJI-
KH (3eneHOe MHraIOlUee H306pa)l(eHHe BbIKJIIOqaeMOll crpenKH).
2. BbIKJIIOQEHI1E CTPEJIKHI13 3ABI1CI1MOCTI1
CT + «CTP».
EcnH MaKeT HcnpaBeH H no.n:KmOqeHHe CTpenKH K MaKeTy npoH3Be.n:eHo npaBHnbHO, TO Ha 3Kpa-
He TI3BM y CTpenKH, BbIKnIOqaeMOll H3 3aBHCHMOCTH, npeKpalUaeTCSI MHraHHe. Ha 3KpaHe TI3BM
H Ha MaKeTe crpenKH nOSlBnSleTCSI Tpe6yeMaSl HH,l],HKa1U1 KOHTpOml nOnO)l(eH1U1 CTpenKH, qTO rOBO-
pHT 06 OKOHqaHHH nOCTaHOBKH CTpenKH Ha MaKeT. TIpH 3TOM cHHMaeTcSl6noKHpoBKa HH,l],HBH,l],y-
aJIbHOrO H MapllIpYTHoro nepeBo.n:a CTpenOK Ha CTaHHH H BbI)J.aeTCSI co06lUeHHe 06 YCTaHOBKH
MaKeTa B Tpe6yeMoM nOnO)l(eHHH: «Y CTaHOBneH MaKeT NQ 1 (+) CTp...» H .n:p.
EcnH nepe.n: 3a.AaHHeM ynpaBnSlIOlUell .n:HpeKTHBbI Ha BbIKJIIOqeHHe H3 3aBHCHMOCTH BbIKJIIOqae-
MaSl crpenKa He nOTepIDIa KOHTponb, TO .n:HpeKTHBa He BbIIIOnHSleTCSI, H BbI)J.aeTCSI co06lUeHHe:
«He BbIKJIIOqHTb H3 3aBHCHMOCTH CTp. . .:
- eCTb KOHTpOnb nOnO)l(eHHSI CTp.. .».
EcnH 3a.n:aeTcSI.n:HpeKTHBa Ha BbIKmOqeHHe H3 3aBHCHMOCTH cTpenKH,.lI)ISI KOTOpOll He 3a.n:aBa-
naCb npe):{BapHTenbHaSl.n:HpeKTHBa nOJI:KnIOqeHHSI MaKeTa, TO BbI)J.aeTCSI co06lUeHHe:
«HapymeHHe nopMKa YCTaHOBKH MaKeTa CTp.. .».
PAEOTA C APXI1BOM PM )J;CTI.
Becb xo.n: TeXHOnOrHqeCKOrO npoecca Ha CTaHHH B CHCTeMe 3U; - EM aBTOMaTHqeCKH npOTOKO-
nHpYeTCSI B apxHBe TI3BM PM )J;CTI. B apxHBe C YKa3aHHeM BpeMeHH Ka)l{,[l;OrO C06b1THSI <PHKCHPy-
IOTCSI H coxpaHSlIOTcSI CBe.n:eHHSI 0 noe3.n:Holl cHTyaHH Ha CTaHHH, COCTOSlHHH nOCTOBoro H Ha-
nonbHoro 060py.n:oBaHHSI, ynpaBnSlIOlUHx B03.n:ellCTBHSlx )J;CTI H peaKHH Ha HHX CHCTeMbI, 06 HC-
npaBHOCTH YBK H T..n:.
B Ka)l{,[l;Oll H3 BKJIIOqeHHbIX TI3BM apXHB Be.n:eTCSI caMOCTOHTenbHO, He3aBHCHMO OT OCTaJIbHbIX
I13BM. TIpH 3TOM Bce BKJIIOqeHHble TI3BM <PHKCHPYIOT TeKYlUee COCTOSlHHe KaK nOCTOBoro H Ha-
nonbHoro 060py.n:oBaHHSI, TaK H COCTOSlHHe MHKponpoeccopHoll annapaTypbI caMOll CHCTeMbI H ee
peaKHIO Ha .n:ellCTBHSI)J;CTI. )J;ellCTBHSI)J;CTI no ynpaBneHHIO CHCTeMOll <PHKCHPYIOTCSI TonbKO Ha
TOll TI3 BM, C KOTOpOll npOH3BO):{HTCSI BBO.n: ynpaBnSlIOlUHx .n:HpeKTHB. BpeMSI <pHKcaHH C06b1THll
Ha Pa3JIHqHbIX TI3BM CH:HXpOHH3HpoBaHo.
3anHcaHHaSI HH<popMaHSI MO)l(eT 6b1Tb B ITI060ll MOMeHT H3BneqeHa H3 apXHBa nI060ll TI3BM PM
)J;CTI H npOaHaJIH3HpoBaHa. Ha OCHOBe aHaJIH3a 3TOll HH<popMaHH B03MO)l(Ha oeHKa TOll HJIH HHOll
CH'ryaHH Ha CTaHl{HH, npaBHJIbHOCTH .n:ellCTBHll )J;CTI H JI:PyrHX pa60THHKOB CTaHHH, YCTOWIHBOCTH
pa60ThI MHKponpoeccopHoro 060py.n:OBaHHSI CHCTeMbI H T.n. Ha OCHOBamm aHaJIH3a 3anHcell apXH-
Ba 0 pa60Te HanonbHoro 060py.n:OBaHHSI (penbCOBbIX enell, CBeTO<pOPOB, CTpeJIOK H T..n:.) MOryr BbI-
HBnSlThCSI HenOCTOSlHHble OTKa3bI (C60H) B pa60Te HanonbHbIX YCTPOllCTB, qTO .n:aeT B03MO)l(HOCTb HC-
nonb30BaHHSI 3TOll HH<popMaHH .lI)ISI YCTaHOBneHHSI npHqHH nOSlBneHHSI TaKHX OTKa30B.
CoxpaHeHHe HH<popMaUHH B apXHBe 3aKonbUOBaHO, npH 3TOM BHOBb <pHKcHpyeMble CBe.n:eHHSI
3anHCblBaIOTCSI Ha MeCTO caMbIX CTapbIX H3 xpaHHMbIX .n:aHHbIX. 06'beM apXHBa Ka)l{,[l;Oll H3 TI3BM
n03BOnSleT He3aBHCHMO OT pa3Mepa CTaHHH H HHTeHCHBHOCTH noe3.n:HOll H MaHeBpOBOll pa60ThI
xpaHHTb HH<popMaHIO 0 pa60Te CTaiIHH He MeHee qeM 3a JI:Ba nocne.n:HHX MeCSIa.
I1H<popMal{HSI, 3anHcaHHaSl B apXHBe TI3BM PM )J;CTI, CneHaJIbHbIM 06pa30M 3alUHlUeHa OT
HecaHKHoHHpoBaHHoro .n:oCTyna H He MO)l(eT 6bITh OTKoppeKTHpOBaHa. Pa60Ta C apxHBoM B03-
MO)l(Ha B cne.n:YIOlUHx pe)l(HMax: meKcm06aR pacUluq;po6Ka apxHBa; 6ocnpoU36eoeHue meXHOJl02U-
l.leCKOU cumyalJuu B BH,l],e aHHMaHH MHeMocxeMbI CTaHHH Ha MOHHTope TI3BM; 6blOal.la UHq;Op-
MalJuU 0 C60RX 6 pa60me penbCOBbIX enell H CTpenOK.
Pe)l(HM TeKCTOBOll pacllIHCppoBKH npe.n:Ha3HaqeH.lI)ISI aHaJIH3a apXHBa B BH,l],e CTaH,l],apTHbIX TeK-
CTOBbIX co06lUeHHll Ha 3KpaHe TI3BM C YKa3aHHeM BpeMeHH Ka)l{,[l;OrO C06b1THSI. TeKCTOBaSl pac-
llIH<ppoBKa MO)l(eT 6b1Tb nonHOll HnH qaCTHqHOll B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3a.AaHHOll HacTpollKH.
178
I
I
I
1

Pe:>KHM BocnpOH3Be.n;eHHSI TeXHOnOrliqeCKOll cliTyaU:IiH C Hcnonb30BaHHeM aHHMaU:HH .n;aeT B03-
MO:>KHOCTb npOCMOTpa co.n;ep:>KHMOrO apXHBa B eCTeCTBeHHOM BlI,1],e Ha 3KpaHe TI3BM. TIpH 3TOM
CYIl{eCTBYeT B03MO:>KHOCTb H3MeHeHliSl CKOpOCTH npOCMOTpa, MHorOKpaTHoro nOBTopHoro Bocnpo-
H3Be.n;eHHSlIi T ..n;.
Pe:>KHM Bbl)];aqH HHopMaU:IiH 0 c60SIX B pa60Te penbCOBbIX u:enell H crpenOK npe.n;Ha3HaqeH ,[(JUI
BblSlBneHHSI HenOCTOSlHHbIX OTKa30B HanonbHoro 060Py.n;OBaHIiSl Ha OCHOBaHHH amUIlf3a cnyqaeB
HKcaU:HH HecaHKU:HOHHpOBaHHoro 3aIDITHSI H30nlipOBaHHbIX yqaCTKoB H nOTepH KOHTponSl CTpe-
nOK Ha CTaHI..{HH 6e3 3a.AaHHSI yrrpaBnSlIOIl{HX .AHpeKTHB Ha IiX HH,IJ;HBH.AYanbHbIll HJIH MaprnpYTHbIll
nepeBO.n;. COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{aSl IiHOpMaI..{HSI C YKa3aHHeM BpeMeHH HKCaI..{HH C06b1THSI BbIBO.n;HTCSI
Ha 3KpaH TI3BM. TIpH 3TOM cnyqaH 3aHSlTlliI He3aMKHYTbIX penbCOBbIX I..{enell .n;on:>KHbI 6bITb .n;o-
nonHHTenbHO npoaHanH3HpOBaHbI C yqeTOM B03MO:>KHbIX nepe.n;BIi:>KeHHll nO):{BIi:>KHoro COCTaBa Ha
CTaHl.{HH 6e3 YCTaHOBKH MaprnpYTOB.
B aBapHllHOM pe:>KHMe CHCTeMbI 31J,-EM ynpaBneHHe .n;BH:>KeHHeM noe3.n;OB OCYIl{eCTBnSleTCSI C
pe3epBHoro nynbTa 6e3 npOBepKH 3aBHCHMOCTell, H BCSI OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb no 6e30naCHOCTH .n;BH:>Ke-
HHSI nO:>KHTCSI Ha ,l],CTI (YCTaHOBKY MaprnpYTOB C 3aMbIKaHHeM CeKI..{Hll H OTKpbITHeM CBeTOOpOB Ha
pa3pernalOIl{He nOKa3aHIiSl C nynbTa-Ta6no BblIIOnHHTb HeB03MO:>KHO). TIepexo.n; Ha aBapHllHbIll pe-
:>KHM ynpaBneHHSI OCyII.{eCTBnSleTCSI cne.n:yIOIl{HM 06pa30M.
,l],CTI, y6e.AHBrnHCb B HeB03MO:>KHOCTH yrrpaBneHHSI.n;BH:>KeHlieM B HopManbHOM (rnTaTHOM) pe:>KH-
Me pa60ThI, Ha:>KHMaeT Ha nynbTe-Ta6no npmmnpOBo.n;Horo yrrpaBneHHSlIi KOHTpOIDI KHOIIKY - CqeT-
qliK CqAY. TIpH 3TOM Ha nynbTe raCHeT :>KenTaSl naMna lIlY, a KpaCHaSl naMna AY HaqHHaeT MHraTb.
TIocne 3aBeprneHIDI TpeXMHHYfHOll Bbl)];ep:>KKH BpeMeHH KpaCHaSl naMna AY 3arOpaeTCSI pOBHbIM CBe-
TOM. Ha rrynbTe-Ta6no rrpSlMonpOBo.n;HOro yrrpaIilleHIDI H KOHTponSl3aropaIOTCSI KOHTponbHbIe naMI1bI
IiH):{HKaI..{HH COCTOSlHlliI penbCOBbIX I..{enell, crpenOK H CBeTOOpOB. TIepeBO.n; B Tpe6yeMoe nOnO:>KeHHe
crpenKH, BXO,WIIl{ell B nO:>KHO-3amrrylO ceKI..{HIO, OCyII.{eCTBnSleTCSI cne.IJ:YIOIl{HM 06pa30M: CHaqana Ha-
:>KHMaeTCSI KHonKa HanpaBneHHSI nepeBo.n;a «+» HJIH «-» Tpe6yeMoll CTpenKH, a 3aTeM - KHonKa-
CqerqHK CqBTI, KOTopaSl oTrrycKaeTCSI nocne Haqana nepeBo.n;a crpenKH.
O.n;HOBpeMeHHbIll nepeBO.n; HeCKonbKHX CTpenOK npH Ha:>KaTHH H y.n;ep:>KaHHH KHOnKH-CqeTqHKa
CqBTI HeB03MO:>KeH,,[(JUI nepeBo.n;a HecKonbKHX crpenOK KHOnKa-CqerqHK CqBTI.n;OIDKHa Ha:>KJfMaTbCSI
H ornYCKaTbCSI Ka:>K,llbIll pa3 nocne nepeBo.n;a Ka:>K.L(Oll crpenKH.
TIepe.n; npHeMOM HnH OTnpaBneHHeM noe3.n;OB ,l],CTI 06S13aH:
_ npHHy.n;HTenbHO no.n;aTb H3BeIl{eHHe Ha nepee3.n; Ha:>KaTlieM KHonKH 3aKpbITHSI nepee3.n;a 3TI H
y6e.n;HTbCSI no IiH,lUfKaI..{HH, qTO nepee3.n; 3aKpblliCSI (ropliT :>KenTbIM I..{BeTOM KOHTponbHaSl naMna 3TI);
_ npHH)'.AHTenbHO no.n;aTb 1i3BeIl{eHHe Ha nernexo.n;HYIO .n;OpO:>KKY,,[(JUI qero Ha:>KaTb KHonKY no.n;a-
qH 1i3BeIl{eHlliI TITIH H y6e):{HTbCSI no HH):{HKaI..{HH, qTO H3BeIl{eHHe no.n;aHO (ropliT KpaCHbIM I..{BeTOM
naMna TITII1);
_ npH npOH3Bo.n;CTBe pa60T Ha nYTSlX CTaHI..{HH Ha:>KaTb KHonKY «OnOBeIl{eHHe BKn.» H Ha:>KaTb
KHonKY «OnOBeIl{eHHe TIoe3.n;» .ZJ:,JISI no.n;aqH H3BeIl{eHHSI.ZJ:,JISI pa60TalOIl{IiX Ha nYTSlX H y6e):{HTbCSI no
HH):{HKaI..{HH, 1ff0 OnOBeIl{eHHe no.n;aHO (ropliT KpaCHbIM I..{BeTOM naMna HOMTI).
OrKpbITHe nplirnaCHTenbHbIX ClirHanOB npOIi3BO):{HTCSI nYTeM Ha:>KaTllil COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{ell rrnOM-
6HpyeMoll KHonKH BbI6paHHoro CBeTOopa. TIocne npocne.n;OBaHHSI CBeTOOpa noe3.n;OM KHonKa
OTnYCKaeTCSI H npHrnaCIiTenbHbIll ClirHan Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOIUeM CBeTOOpe raCHeT.
TIpH HeHcnpaBHOCTH BceX TI3BM BBO.n; ynpaBnSlIOIl{IiX .n;HpeKTHB HeB03MO:>KeH, HO pa60Ta CHC-
TeMbI He npeKpaIl{aeTCSI. B 3TOM cnyqae ,l],CTIIiMeeT B03MO:>KHOCTb 3KCTPEHHErO TIEPEKPbI-
THJI CHrHAJIOB H 3AKPbITHJI TIEPEE3,l],OB Ha:>KaTHeM COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HX rrnoM6HpyeMbIx
KHonOK rMH, rBX, rBq, rBH Ha nynbTe-Ta6no npSlMonpoBo.n;Horo yrrpaIilleHHSI H KOHTpOIDI. TIpH
3TOM 6y.n;eT 06eCneqeHO nepeKpbITHe Bcex OTKpbITbIX MaHeBpOBbIX, BXO.n;HbIX H BbIXO.n;HbIX CBeTO-
OpOB B qeTHOll H HeqeTHOll ropnOBHHax CTaHI..{HH.
06w. ue Y1<a3aHUR no 06ecneileHUIO 6e30naCHocmu mpya. B annaparype C MTIY Hcnonb3yeT-
CSI onaCHoe .n;nSl :>KH3HH HanpSl:>KeHHe 220 B qaCTOTOll 50 ru:. TIpH YCTaHoBKe, npoBe.n;eHHH KOHT-
ponbHO-npOHJIaKTHqeCKHX pa60T, peMoHTe H 3KcrrnyaTaI..{HH 060py.n;oBaHHSI MIIY)I{A. T He06xo-
.n;HMO c06nlO.n;aTb cne.n;YIOIl{He Mepbl 6e30naC1LOcmu:
12*
179

f
- PYKOBO.n;CTBOBaTbCSI npammaMH 3neKTp06e30naCHOCTH npH pa60Te C ::meKTpOYCTaHOBKaMH;
- y6e.AHTbCSI B TOM, 'lTO Bee Ka6enH pacnOnO:>KeHbI TaKHM 06Pa30M, 'lTO He MOryr 6bITb cnY'lallHO
nOBpe:>K,D:eHbI;
- no.n;coe.n;HHSlTb H OTcoe.n;HHSlTb 6nOKH, Mo.n;ynH, OT.n;enbHbIe nnaTbI, COCTaBHbIe 'laCTH TI3 BM
aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX pa60'lHX MeCT TonbKO npH OTKJIIO'leHHOM nHTaHHH;
- Bce COCTaBHbIe 'laCTH MI1Y .n;on:>KHbI 6bITb no.n;coe.n;HHeHbI K KOHTYPY 3aIl{HTHOro 3a3eMneHHSI;
- Bce TOKOBe.n;YIl{He 'laCTH MTIY.n;on:>KHbI 6bITb H30nHpOBaHbI;
- B MeCTax no.n;Bo.n;a 3neKTponHTaHHSI 220 B .n;on:>KHbI 6bITb HaHeceHbI npe.n;oCTeperalOIl{He Map-
KHpOBO'lHbIe Ha.AnHCH;
- Bee IlIKa<pbI C MHKpOnpOI{eCCOpHbIMH ycrpOllCTBaMH .n;on:>KHbI 6bITb 3aKpbIThI Ha KnlO'l. OTKpbI-
BaTb IlIKa<pbI .n;onYCKaeTCSI TonbKO npH npOBe.n;eHHH peMOHTa H TeXHH'leCKOrO 06cnY:>KHBaHHSI.
TIpHcoe.n;HHeHHe H OTcoe.n;HHeHHe OT.n;enbHbIX Mo.n;ynell MO:>KeT npOH3Bo.n;HTbCSI 6e3 OTKJIIO'leHHSI
3neKTponHTaHHSI, 'lTO n03BonSieT OCYIl{eCTBnSlTb HX 3aMeHY 6e3 HapYllIeHHSI <PYHKI{HOHHpOBaHHSI
CHCTeMbI (:no .n;on:>KHO 6bITb OTpa:>KeHO B TeXHOnOrH'leCKOll KapTe no 3aMeHe Mo.n;ynSl).
06cnY:>KHBalOIl{Hll nepCOHan .n;on:>KeH rrpOllTH COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{Hll HHCTpYKTa:>K no TeXHHKe
6e30naCHOCTH H XOpOIliO 3HaTb CHCTeMY BKJIIO'leHHSI Ii OTKJIIO'leHHSI nHTaHHSI.n;JISi 6bICTporo H non-
Horo BbIKJIIO'leHHSI nHTalOIl{ell ceTH npH HeC'laCTHbIX cnY'laSlX, YMeTb OKa3bIBaTb nepBYIO nOMOIl{b
npH nOpa:>KeHHH 3neKTpH'leCKHM TOKOM. TIpOH3BO.n;HTb nallKY annapaTypbI B CHCTeMax 3U: C HC-
nonb30BaHHeM MHKpOnpOI{eccopHbIX ycrpOllCTB pa3pelliaeTCSI TonbKO naSIJIbHHKOM C HanpSl:>KeHHeM
He 60nee 36 B, HMelOIl{eM HcnpaBHYIO H30nSlI{HIO TOKOBe.n;YIl{HX 'laCTell OT 3a3eMneHHOrO Kopnyca
naSIJIbHHKa. TIpH 3TOM nallKY npOH3BO.AHTb TonbKO Ha OTKJIIO'leHHbIX IDIH BbIHyrbIX H3 annapaTypbI
3neMeHTax. BbIHHMaTb 6noKH, SI'lellKH H Y3nbI, a TaK:>Ke YCTaHaBnHBaTb HX 06paTHo He06xo.n;HMO
npH 06eCTO'leHHOll annapaType.
.n:nSl HCKnlO'leHHSI nonOMOK MTIY H npe.n;ynpe:>K,D;eHHSI HeC'laCTHbIX cnY'laeB 3anpeUiaemCR:
- 3aKpbIBaTb KaKHMH - nH60 npe.n;MeTaMH BeHTIDISlI{HOHHbIe OTBepCTHSI B Kopnyce KOMnblOTepa,
MOHHTopa H .n;pyrHx ycrpOllCTB;
- BKmo'laTh KOMIIbIOTep co CHSlTbIM KO:>KYXOM CHCTeMHoro 6noKa, MOHHTopa H .n;pyrHX ycrpOllCTB;
- BKJIIO'laTh KOMnblOTep, ecnH B ero COCTaBHbIe 'laCTH nonaJIa Bnara, nOCTopOHHHe npe.n;MeTbI;
- npHMeHSlTb HeCTaH,I:l,apTHbIe H caMo.n;enbHbIe npe.n;oxpaHHTenH, CeTeBbIe H CHrHaJIbHbIe IllHypbI;
- nepeKnlO'laTb, pa36HpaTh COCTaBHbIe 'laCTH KOMnblOTepa H .n;ononHHTenbHbIe nepH<pepHllHbIe
YCTpollcTBa 6e3 nonHoro OTKJIIO'leHliSl HX OT 3neKTpOCeTH.

r JIABA 4
BcnoMOr3TeJILHLIe YCTpoiicT03 30TOM3THKH
4.1. CHcTeMa opraHH3alJ,HH o6eCneIJeHHH 6e30nacHocTH )J,BHmeHHH
)KeJIe3Ho.n;opmKHbIll TpaHcnopT npe.n;CTaBJISleT C060ll CJIO:>KHYIO H MHororpaHHYIO OTpaCJIb,
Ka:>K.n;oe X03S1llCTBO H no.n;pa3.n;eJIeHHe KOTOpOll B TOll HJIH HHOll Mepe Y'laCTBYIOT B opraHH3a-
l{HH 06eCne'leHHSI 6e30naCHOCTH .n;BH:>KeHHSI noe3.n;OB. Henocpe.n;CTBeHHO CBSl3aHbI C 3TOll .n;eSl-
TeJIbHOCTblO :>KeJIe3Ho.n;opO:>KHHKH X03S1llCTB: nYTH H coopY:>KeHHll, JIOKOMOTHBHoro, BarOHHO-
ro, nepeB030K, naCCa:>KHpCKHX C006II(eHHll, CHrHaJIH3al{HH, l{eHTpaJIH3al{HH H 6JIOKHPOBKH, 3JIeK-
TpmlmKal{HH H 3JIeKTpOCHa6:>KeHHSI, rpY30BOll H KOMMep'leCKOll pa60TbI, HHopMaTH3al{HH H
CBSl3H.
TaK, HanpHMep, nYTb Haxo.n;HTCSI B CTporo onpe.n;eJIeHHbIX H nOCTOSlHHbIX rpaHHl{aX, a 06-
CJIY:>KHBaHHe H peMOHT oCYlI(eCTBJISlIOTCSI npHKpenJIeHHbIM K HeMY nepCOHaJIOM. B 3TOM xo-
3S1llCTBe HMelOTCSI onpe.n;eJIeHHbIe 06'beKTHBHbIe cneUHH'leCKHe CJIO:>KHOCTH. I1pHXO.n;HTCSI no-
CTOSlHHO pa60TaTb Ha OTKpbITOM B03.n;yxe: B CTY:>KY, CHerona.n;, no.n; .n;O:>K.n;eM H B H3HypHTeJIb-
HYIO :>Kapy. HapSl.n;y C npoH3Bo.n;CTBOM pa60T no peMoHTY H co.n;ep:>KaHHIO nYTH npHxo.n;HTCSI
60pOTbCSI co CHe:>KHbIMH 3aHocaMH H BeceHHHMH naBo.n;KaMH. B X03S1llCTBe He.n;OCTaeT MallIHH
H cpe.n;CTB MaJIOll MeXaHH3al{HH. BeJIHKa TeKY'leCTb Ka.n;pOB. O.n;HaKo 6e30nacHocTb .n;BH:>KeHHSI
noe3.n;OB .n;OJI:>KHa 6bITb 06eCne'leHa H B 3THX YCJIOBHSlX.
I1oTeHl{HaJIbHaSl yrp03a 6e30nacHocTH .n;BH:>KeHHSI TaHTCSI B CJIY'laSlX H3JIOMa peJIbCOB no.n;
noe3.n;aMH. B no.n;aBJISllOlI(eM 'IHCJIe CJIY'laeB nOnepe'lHbIll H3JIOM peJIbCa MO:>KeT npoH30llTH npH
HaJIH'lHH BHYTpeHHell TpelI(HHbI C pa3MepaMH 60JIee 30 % nJIOlI(a.n;H Ce'leHHSI rOJIOBKH peJIbca.
OnacHbIM O'larOM aBapHllHocTH SlBJISlIOTCSI oTcTynJIeHHSI OT npaBHJI co.n;ep:>KaHHSI H peMoHTa
6eccTbIKoBoro nYTH, KaK, HanpHMep, c.n;BHr HJIH BbI6poc peJIbCO-llinaJIbHOll pellIeTKH. K He.n;o-
CTaTKaM, BbI3bIBalOII(HM TaKHe .n;eopMauHH, OTHOCSlTCSI yroH peJIbCOBbIX nJIeTell, oTcTynJIe-
HHSI OT HOpM co.n;ep:>KaHHSI KOJIeH B nJIaHe, oCJIa6JIeHHe 6aJIJIaCTHOll npH3MbI, oc06eHHo ee nJIe-
'la, HapYllIeHHSI TeXHOJIOrHH pa60T no BbmpaBKe 6eccTbIKoBoro nYTH.
O'leHb CJIO:>KHaSl 06cTaHoBKa CKJIa.n;bIBaeTCSI B MeCTax nepeCe'leHHll :>KeJIe3HbIX H 1lI0ccell-
HbIX .n;opor. I1pH'lHHa aBapHllHocTH 3.n;eCb KpoeTcSI B HapYllIeHHH Bo.n;HTeJISlMH aBTOTpaHcnopT-
HbIX cpe.n;CTB npaBHJI npoe3.n;a no nepee3.n;aM. 3a'lacrylO OHH, He 06palI(aSl BHHMaHHSI Ha 3aKpbI-
TbIe llIJIar6aYMbI, nOKa3aHHSI nepee3.n;HbIX cBeToopoB H .n;onOJIHHTeJIbHbIe CHrHaJIbI, no.n;aBae-
MbIe .n;e:>KypHbIMH no oxpaHSleMbIM nepee3.n;aM, BbIe3:>Ka1OT Ha peJIbCoBYIO KOJIelO H CTaJIKHBa-
IOTCSI C .n;BH:>KYII(HMCSI no.n;BH:>KHbIM COCTaBOM. B 60pb6e C aBapHllHocTblO Ha nepee3.n;ax 3Ha'lH-
TeJIbHYIO nOMOlI(b OKa3bIBalOT CJIe.n;YIOII(He MepbI: JIHKBH.n;al{HSI MaJIo.n;eSlTeJIbHbIX nepee3.n;oB;
060py.n;oBaHHe cYlI(eCTBYlOlI(HX nepee3.n;OB 60JIee COBepllIeHHbIMH cpe.n;CTBaMH aBTOMaTH'leC-
KOll CHrHaJIH3al{HH H aBTOlliJIar6aYMaMH H .n;PyrHMH 3arpa.AHTeJIbHbIMH ycrpollcrBaMH (HanpH-
Mep, Y3I1).
AHaJIH3 CBH.n;eTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, 'lTO KpYllIeHHSI H aBapHH, CXO.n;bI no.n;BH:>KHOrO COCTaBa C
peJIbCOB H .n;pyrHe onaCHbIe CJIY'laH 6paKa B 3TOM X03S1llCTBe npOHcxo.n;SlT no CJIe.n;YIOII(HM npH-
'lHHaM:
- YllIHpeHHe KOJIeH H3-3a OCJIa6JIeHHSI KpenJIeHHSI peJIbCOB K llInaJIaM;
181

- HellcnpaBHOCTIi CTpenOqHbIX nepeBo,n:OB, CBepx,n:onYCTIIMbIH 113HOC IIX :meMeHTOB;
- HellcnpaBHOCTIi penbCOBbIX u:eneH;
- Hec06mo,n:eHlle nopSl,n:Ka 06cne,n:OBaHIISI, peMOHTa II ,n:p.
B BarOHHOM X03S1HCTBe 6e30naCHOCTb ,n:BII)I(eHIISI Haxo,n:IITCSI B npSlMOH 3aBIICliMOCTli OT CO-
CTOSIHIISI TeXHllqeCKIiX cpe,n:CTB, OT c06mo,n:eHIISI YCTaHOBneHHbIX CpOKOB II npaBlin npOIl3BO,n:-
CTBa peMOHTa BarOHOB, IIX 06cnY)I(IIBaHIISI, CBoeBpeMeHHoro BbISlBneHIISI H YCTpaHeHIISI Hellcn-
paBHOCTeH. HanpliMep, npll cne,n:OBaHIIII noe3,n:a no neperOHY 6bIn BbISlBneH aBapllHHbIH Ha-
rpeB 6YKCOBOro Y3na annapaTypOH ):(I1CK, HO pa60THIIKII,n:IICTaHU:1I1I CI.:.(E II BarOHHoro ,n:eno,
nonyqllBllIlie COOTBeTCTBYIOIl\YIO IIHcpopMaU:lIlO, Mep K OCTaHOBKe H OCMOTPY noe3,n:a He npll-
HSlnll, qTO npliBeno K CXo,n:y BarOHOB.
OCHOBHbIMIi npllqllHaMIi OqarOB aBapllHHOCTIi B BarOHHOM X03S1HCTBe SlBnSlIOTCSI:
- HellcnpaBHOCTIi ponliKOBOH 6YKCbI II TOpM03Horo 060py,n:OBaHIISI;
- rpeHlle 6YKCOBoro Y3na I1I13JIOM llIeHKII OCII KonecHoH napbI, HapYllieHIISI Topu:eBoro CKpen-
neHIISI, HeCOOTBeTCTBIiSI CMa3KII TeXHllqeCKIiM Tpe60BaHIISlM;
-1I3nOM Konec IInli oceH KoneCHbIX nap 113-3a YCTanOCTII, TpeIl\IIH IInll,n:ecpeKTOB B MeTanne;
- na,n:eHlle ,n:eTaneH BarOHOB Ha nYTb;
- 06PbIB aBTocu:enOK II TSlrOBoro XOMYTa;
- OCTpOKOHeqHbIH HaKaT rpe6HSlllnll CBepx,n:onYCTIIMbIH npOKaT 6aH.LJ:a)l(a KoneCHOH napbI H
,n:Pyrlle HellcnpaBHOCTIi.
Hall60nee onaCHbIMIi B nOKOMOTIIBHOM X03S1HCTBe SlBnSlIOTCSI HapYllieHIISI npaBlin BO)l():(eHIISI
nOe3,D;OB II npOIl3Bo,n:CTBa MaHeBpOB nOKOMOTIIBHbIMIi 6pllra,n:aMIi. TaK, HanpliMep, npll 6enOM
orHe Ha nynbTe ynpaBneHIISI B Ka611He MallIlIHIICTa H BbIlilllOqeHHOM YCTpOHCTBe CAYT noe3,n:
npocne,n:OBan no CTaHU:1I1I npll )l(enTOM orHe BbIxo,n:Horo CBeTocpopa no,n: YKnOH co CKOpOCTblO
20 KM/q no CTaHU:1I0HHbIM CTpenKaM C npoe3,n:OM Bxo,n:Horo cBeTocpopa coce,n:HeH CTaHU:1I1I1I
B3pe30M CTpenKIi.
MHoroe 3aBliCliT OT ypOBHSI,n:IICU:llnnIlHbI, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTIi H Tpe60BaTenbHocTli K ce6e
MallIlIHIlCTa nOKOMOTIiBa II ero nOMOIl\HIIKa, a TaK)I(e OT no,n:rOTOBneHHOCTIIIIX K npe.Aynpe)l(-
,n:eHIlIO aBapllHHocTII, TaK KaK OCHOBHbIe npllqllHbI npoe3,n:OB 3anpeIl\alOIl\IIX nOKa3aHliH CBe-
TOcpOpOB, cTonKHoBeHIIH nOe3,lIOB II nOKOMOTIiBOB KpOIOTCSI B cne,n:YIOIl\eM:
- nOTepSl 6,n:IITenbHocTIi (COH, HeTpe3Boe COCTOSlHlle lI,n:p.), HeHa6nlO,n:eHlle 3a nOKa3aHIISI-
Mil ClirHanOB;
- HenpaBllnbHoe ynpaBneHlle TopM03aMII, n03,n:Hee IIX npliMeHeHlle;
- Hec06nlO,n:eHlle nopMKa onp060BaHliSI ,n:eHCTBIiSI aBTOTopM030B nepe,n: OTnpaBJIeHlleM no-
e3,n:a II B nYTII cne,n:OBaHIISI;
- 01lI1I60qHOe BocnpllSlTlie ClirHana WIll KOMaH,n:bI;
- HecornaCOBaHHbIe ,n:eHCTBIiSI C noe3,n:HbIM ,n:lIcneTqepOM IInll):(CTI;
- Hec06nlO,n:eHlle IInli HapYllIeHlle pernaMeHTa neperOBopOB;
- OTKnlOqeHlle IIcnpaBHo,n:eHCTBYIOIl\IIX npll60pOB II YCTPOHCTB 6e30naCHOCTII;
- He3HaHlie TP A CTaHU:1I1I1I pacnOnO)l(eHIISI cBeTocpopoB II ,n:p.
npll npOIl3Bo,n:CTBe MaHeBpoB npoe3,n:bI 3anpeIl\alOIl\IIX ClirHanOB ,n:onycKalOTcSI B OCHOBHOM
113-3a:
- npeBbIllieHIISI CKOpOCTIi npll no,n:'be3,n:e K cocTaBY IInli rpynne BarOHOB;
- HeHa6nlO,n:eHIISI 3a cB060,n:HOCTblO nYTII;
- npllBe,n:eHIISI COCTaBa IInli rpynnbI BarOHOB B ,n:BII)I(eHlle 6e3 KOMaH,n:bI PYKoBo,n:IITenSl Ma-
HeBpoB;
- n03,n:Hero npliMeHeHIISI TOpM030B;
- HapYllieHIISI TP A CTaHU:1I1I1I MeCTHbIX IIHCTPYKU:IIH.
TIoTeHU:llanbHYIO onaCHOCTb B 06eCneqeHIIII 6e30nacHocTII,n:BII)I(eHIISI HecYT MHOrOqIlCneH-
HbIe 3a,n:ep)l(KIi noe3,n:OB Y 3aKpbITbIX BXO,n:HbIX cBeTocpopoB, a TaK)I(e nponycKa naCCa)l(lIpCKIiX
182

noe3}J;OB no HeCnel.u-mmi3l1pOBaHHbIM nynlM. CXO}J; nO}J;BII)KHOrO COCTaBa C penbCOB MO)KeT
npOll30HTli B pe3ynbTaTe caMonpOll3BonbHoro yxo}J;a nO}J;BII)KHOrO COCTaBa co CTaHl.{III1. He
IICKnIOqeHbI cnyqall, Kor}J;a Ha CTpenOqHOM nepeBO}J;e CXO}J;SlT BarOHbI, yrne}J;rnlie C 3aKn1lHeH-
HbIM Me)K}J;y penbcoM II KoneCOM TOpM03HbIM 6arnMaKoM. Pa3Ban rpY3a B nYTII cne}J;OBaHIiSI
npollcxo}J;IIT 3aqaCTYlO no HapyrneHll10 COOTBeTCTBIiSI norpY3KII H KpenneHIIH rpY3a cornaCHO
YTBep)K}J;eHHbIM TeXHllqeCKIiM ycnoBIISlM. TIpllqllHaMIi cxo}J;a C penbCOB nO}J;BII)KHOrO COCTaBa
Ha CTaHl.{1I11 MorYT 6bITb nll60 HellcnpaBHocTIi YCTPOHCTB CI.:.(E IInli annapaTypbI ynpaBneHIISI
3TIIMII YCTpoHcTBaMII, nll60 HapyrneHIISI B nopSl}J;Ke nonb30BaHIiSlIIMII, HanpliMep, npll BKnlO-
qeHlI1I nplirnacliTenbHoro ClirHana. CTonKHoBeHIISI npollcxo}J;SlT B OCHOBHOM no cne}J;YIOll\IIM
npllqllHaM:
- HapyrneHIISI npaBlin nplieMali oTnpaBneHIISI noe3}J;OB;
- nO)KHOe nOSlBneHlle Ha HanonbHOM cBeTocpope pa3pernalOll\ero nOKa3aHliSI BMeCTO 3an-
pell\alOll\ero IInll nOSlBneHlle 60nee pa3pernalOll\ero IIOKa3aHliSI (Ha MaprnpYTe cne}J;OBaHIiSI
noe3}J;a);
- HellcnpaBHOCTIi B CIiCTeMe CI.:.(E, BbI3BaHHble He}J;OCTaTKaMIi B IIX cO}J;ep)KaHIIIIII peMoHTe;
- caMonpOll3BOJIbHbIH YXOJ{ nOJ{BII)KHOrO COCTaBa Ha MaprnpYT nplieMa IUIIi OTnpaBJIeHIISlII }J;p.
OCHOBOH opraHlI3al.{1I11 nepeB030qHOrO npOl.{eCca SlBnSleTCSI rpacpliK }J;BII)KeHIISI, KOTOpbIH
06'be}J;IIHSleT }J;eSlTenbHOCTb Bcex nO}J;pa3}J;eneHIIH )Kene3HO}J;opO)KHOrO TpaHcnopTa. OT }J;eH-
CTBIIH l.{eHTpaJIbHOrO annapaTa ynpaBneHIISI nepeB03KaMH, }J;lIcneTqepCKOro annapaTa II nep-
COHana CTaHl.{IIH BO MHorOM 3aBliCliT Cna)KeHHOCTb B pa60Te Bcex 3BeHbeB TpaHcnopTHoro
KOHBeHepa, 3cpcpeKTIIBHoe IIcnonb30BaHlie nponycKHoH II npoB03HOH cnoc06HoCTli yqaCT-
KOB, c06nlO}J;eHlle YCTaHoBneHHoH npo}J;on)KIITenbHocTH HenpepbIBHoH pa60TbI nOKOMOTIIB-
HbIX 6pllra}J; II }J;p.
K }J;JIIITeJIbHbIM nepepbIBaM J{BII)KeHIISI noe3}J;OB npIlBO}J;SlT IIMelOll\lIeCSI cnyqall 06pbIBa KOH-
TaKTHoH ceTII, nOBpe)K}J;aeMocTb KOTOpOH B03paCTaeT B 311MHIIH nepllo}J;. ):(onycKalOTcSI cny-
qall na.AeHIISlIIJIIi HaKJIOHa onop KOHTaKTHoH ceT1I1I3-3a HeJ{OCTaTOqHOCTIi peaKTIIBHoro OTno-
pa rpYHTa co CTOpOHbI nonSl. B 3TIIX MeCTax B03HIIKaeT He06xo}J;IIMOCTb YKperrneHIISI 3eMnSlHO-
ro nonOTHa }J;JISI cYll\eCTBYIOll\IIX KOHCTPYKl.{IIH nll60 C03}J;aHlie HOBbIX cpYH}J;aMeHToB. He6naro-
nonyqHbIM OCTaeTCSI nOnO)KeHlle C 06eCneqeHlleM 3neKTpOCHa6)KeHIISI YCTPOHCTB CI.:.(E no nepBoH
KaTeroplili.
CYll\eCTBYIOll\aSl Ha )Kene3HO}J;opO)KHOM TpaHcnopTe CIiCTeMa opraHlI3al.{1I11 06eCneqeHIISI
6e30nacHocTli }J;BII)KeHIISlIIMeeT 60nbrnoH onbIT, HaKonneHHbIH 3a MHorlie rO}J;bI. 06'beMHbIH
KOMnneKC MeponpllSlTIiH 3TOH CIiCTeMbI 113nO)KeH B npllKa3e NQ 1 I.:.( «0 Mepax no 06ecneqe-
HIiIO 6e30nacHocTli }J;BII)KeHIISI Ha )Kene3Ho}J;opO)KHOM TpaHcnopTe», B IIHCTPYKl.{IIS1X, npaBII-
nax II TeXHOnOrllqeCKIiX npol.{eccax. 3TII }J;oKYMeHTbI BKnlOqalOT B ce6S1 06S13aTenbHbIH }J;nSl
IIcnonHeHIISI nepeqeHb Cnel.{lIaJIbHbIX Mep, KaK, HanpliMep: npoBe}J;eHlle e)KeHe}J;enbHbIX J{HeH
6e30nacHocTli }J;BII)KeHIISI; paccneJ{oBaHlie Ka)K}J;oro cnyqaSl HapyrneHIISI 6e30nacHocTli }J;BII-
)KeHIISI C pa360poM pe3ynbTaToB B YCTaHoBneHHoM nopSl}J;Ke; npoBe}J;eHlle nocToSlHHOH pa60-
TbI no C03}J;aHIiIO II BHe}J;peHIlIO HOBbIX YCTPOHCTB, npll60poB 6e30nacHocTIIII CIiCTeM J{lIar-
HOCTIIKII; cepTllcpliKal.{IIS1 TeXHllqeCKIiX cpe}J;cTB )Kene3Ho}J;opO)KHOrO TpaHcnopTa II nlll.{eH-
311poBaHlie npoll3Bo}J;cTBeHHoH }J;eSlTenbHOCTIi npe}J;npllSlTIiH no IIX peMOHTY; 3aKpenneHlle
nO}J;BII)KHOrO COCTaBa C IIcnonb30BaHlieM cnel.{lIanbHbIX TeXHllqeCKIiX cpe}J;CTB; KOHTponb 3a
COCTOSlHlleM YCTPOHCTB CI.:.(E II BHe}J;peHlle cpe}J;CTB }J;lIarHOCTIIKIIII perllCTpal.{1I11 napaMeT-
pOB. B COOTBeTCTBlI1I C npllHSlToH rOCY}J;apcTBeHHoH nporpaMMoH no IIOBblrneH1l1O 6e30nac-
HOCTH }J;BII)KeHIISI Ha ceTIi J{opor P<1> J{nSl npe}J;ynpe)K}J;eHIISI aBapllHHocTIi npo}J;on)KaeTCSI pa-
60Ta no BHe}J;peHIlIO TeXHllqeCKIiX cpe}J;CTB: annapaTypbI CAYT-I.:.(M, MIIKpOnpOl.{eCCOpHbIX
YCTPOHCTB 6e30nacHocTli KflYE, TeneMeXaHllqeCKOH CIiCTeMbI KOHTpOJISI 60}J;pocTBoBaHIiSI
MarnllHIlCTa TC KEM, 3neKTpOHHbIX cKopoCTeMepoB; BHe}J;peHlle CTal.{1I0HapHbIX ynopoB }J;nSl
npeJ{OTBpall\eHIISI caMonpoll3BonbHoro yxo}J;a nO}J;BII)KHOrO COCTaBa; CIiCTeM onOBell\eHIISI pa-
60TalOll\IIX Ha nYTSlX; aBToMaTII311poBaHHblx CIiCTeM KOMMepqeCKOrO OCMOTpa noe3}J;OB II Ba-
rOHOB II }J;p.
"
183

4.2. Y cTpoiicTBa KOHTpOJIH cxo)J.a H BOJIo..eHHH )J.eTaJIeii
nO)J.BHmHoro COCTaBa (YKCnC)
Y CTpoHcTBa YKCnC SlBnSlIOTCSI ,lJ;onOnHliTenbHbIMIi Cpe,lJ;CTBaMII, 06ecneqllBalOIl{IIMIi 6e30-
naCHOCTb ,lJ;BII)I(eHIISI nOe3,lJ;OB, H npe,lJ;Ha3HaqeHbI,lUISI aBTOMaTllqeCKOrO 06HapY)I(eHIISI H OCTa-
HOBKII nOe3,lJ;a nepe,lJ; CTaHl.{lIeH IInllllCKYCCTBeHHOM coopY)I(eHlI1I npll Hanllqllll B COCTaBe co-
IIle,lJ;IIlIiX KoneCHbIX nap IInli CBIICalOIl{IIX qaCTeH, BbIXO,lJ;SlII.{IIX 3a npe,lJ;enbI ra6apliTa no HII3Y H
cnoc06HbIX nOBpe,lJ;IITb CTpenOqHbIe nepeBO,lJ;bl.
K YCTpoHcTBaM KOHTponSl cxoJJ:a nO,lJ;BII)I(HOrO COCTaBa OTHOCSlTCSI ,lJ;aTqIlKH, TOKOnpOBO,lJ;SI-
II.{lIe nnaHKlI1I nepeMbIqKII, KOHTponbHbIe npll60pbI H Ka6enll CIJ,E. .LJ:aTqIlKH YKCnC YCTa-
HaBnllBalOTCSI nepe,lJ; CTaHl.{lIeH Ha paCCTOSlHIIII, 06eCneqllBalOII.{eM OCTaHOBKY nOe3,lJ;a Y BXO,lJ;-
Horo cBeTocpopa npH HapYIIleHlIlIlIX pa60TbI, KaK npaBllno, cnY)I(e6HbIM TOpMO)l(eHlleM. Ha
,lJ;ByxnYTHbIX nliHIISlX ,lJ;aTqIlKH YKCnC YCTaHaBnllBalOTCSI TonbKO ,lJ;nSl ,lJ;BII)I(eHIISI no npaBlUIb-
HOMY nYTII. BapliaHT MeCTa YCTaHOBKII ,lJ;aTqIlKOB YKCnC onpe,lJ;enSleTCSI KOMIICClieH B 3aBH-
CIIMOCTII OT Cpe,lJ;CTB ClirHanll3al.{II1111 CBSl311 npll ,lJ;BII)I(eHIIII noe3,uOB (aBToMaTllqeCKaSlllnll
nonyaBToMaTllqeCKaSl6noKllpoBKa), Tllna ClirHanll3al.{II11 (TpeX3HaqHaSlllnH qeTbIpeX3HaqHaSl)
II MaKCIiManbHOH ,lJ;JIIIHbI 06pamalOII.{IIXCSI nOe3,lJ;OB. npll aBTOMaTllqeCKOH 6noKllpoBKe C Tpex-
3HaqHOH ClirHaJIII3al.{IIeH ,lJ;aTqllKIi YKCnC ,lJ;on)l(HbI YCTaHaBnllBaTbCSI Ha BTOpOM yqaCTKe npll-
6nll)l(eHHSI K CTaHl.{lI11 Ha paCCTOSlHlI1I OT npe,lJ;ynpe,lJ;IITenbHoro cBeTocpopa, 06eCneqllBalOIl{eM
BocnpllSlTlie MaIIlIIHIlCTOM 113MeHeHIISI nOKa3aHliSI npe,uynpe,lJ;IITenbHOro cBeTocpopa npll Hapy-
IIleHIIH ,lJ;aTqllKa YKCnC nOCne,lJ;HIIM CKaTOM XBOCTOBoro BarOHa IInli BbIcTynalOIl{IIMlI3a npe-
,lJ;enbI ra6apliTa nOlJ,BII)I(HOrO COCTaBa no HII3Y CBIICalOII.{IIMIi qaCTSlMIi XBOCTOBoro narOHa. 3TO
paCCTOSlHlle ,lJ;On)l(HO 6bITb He MeHee MaKCIiMaJIbHOH ,lJ;JIIIHbI 06pamalOII.{erocSI Ha yqaCTKe no,lJ;-
BlI)I(HOrO COCTaBa C ,lJ;06aBneHlleM 200 M C yqeTOM BpeMeHH nepeKnlOqeHIISI nOKa3aHliSI npe-
}J;ynpe,lJ;IITenbHoro cBeTocpopa II BpeMeHII ero BocnpllSlTIiSI MaIIlIIHIlCTOM.
npll TaKOM pa3MeIl{eHIIII ,lJ;aTqHKOB YKCnC 06eCneqllBaeTCSI OCTaHOBKa nOe3JJ:a nepeJJ: BXO,lIHbIM
cBeTo<popoM nOJIHbIM cnY)I(e6HbIM TOpMO)l(eHlleM IlJIIi aBTOCTonHbIM TOpMO)l(eHlleM, qTO SlBJlSI-
eTCSI He)l(enaTenbHbIM. npll TaKOH YCTaHOBKe ,lJ;aTqIlKOB Tpe6yeTcSI YCTaHOBKa peneHHoro IIlKa-
<p a (PIll) ,lJ;JISI pa3MeIl{eHIISI 060PY}J;oBaHIiSI YKCnc. B03MO)l(eH nepeHOC MeCTa YCTaHOBKII ,lJ;aT-
1fiIKOB K Op,lJ;HHaTe CJIe,lJ;YIOII.{eH ClirHaJIbHOH YCTaHOBKII C l.{eJIblO pa3MeIl.{eHHSI arrrrapaTypbI YKCnC
B CYIl{eCTBYIOIl{eM PIll.
npll aBTOMaTllqeCKOH 6noKllpoBKe C qeTbIpeX3HaqHOH clirHanll3al.{IIeH ,lJ;aTqllKIi YKCnC
JJ:on)l(HbI YCTaHaBJIIiBaTbCSI 3a }J;Ba yqaCTKa nepe,lJ; BXO,lJ;HbIM cBeTo<popoM Ha paCCTOSlHlI1I He MeHee
,lJ;nllHbI nOe3,lJ;a nnlOc 200 M, IICXO,lJ;SI 113 Toro, qTO ,lJ;nllHa 6noK-yqaCTKOB B TaKIiX CIiCTeMax
COCTaBJISleT 800-900 M npll MaKCIiMaJIbHOH ,lJ;JIIiHe nOe3,lJ;a 1050 M. npll nonyaBToMaTHqeCKOH
6noKllpoBKe ,lJ;aTqllKIi YKCnC ,uon)l(HbI YCTaHaBnllBaTbcSI rrepe,lJ; npe,lJ;ynpe,lJ;IITenbHbIM CBeTO-
<POp OM Ha paCCTOSlHlI1I He MeHee MaKCIiManbHOH ,lUIIIHbI nOe3,lJ;a IIJIIOC 200 M. npll TaKoH YCTa-
HOBKe ,lJ;aTqIlKOB npll HapYIIleHlI1I ra6apliTa no HH3Y XBOCTOBbIM BarOHOM OCTaHOBKa nOe3,lJ;a
nepe,lJ; BXO,lJ;HbIM cBeTocpopoM 6Y,lJ;eT ocymecTBnSlTbCSI nonHbIM cnY)I(e6HbIM IInli aBTOCTonHbIM
TOpMO)l(eHlleM. OTHOCIITb YCTaHoBKY ,lJ;aTqIlKOB Ha 60JIbIIlee paCCTOSlHlle Hel.{eneco06pa3Ho, TaK
KaK BII,lJ;IIMOCTb npe,lJ;ynpe,lJ;IITenbHoro cBeTocpopa OrpaHllqeHa, a peJIbCOBaSll.{enb nepe,lJ; npe-
,lJ;ynpe,lJ;IITenbHbIM cBeT0<p0poM npll nonyaBToMaTllqeCKOH 6noKllpoBKe ClirHanaMIi AJIC He
KO,lJ;lIpyercSI.
TaKIiM 06pa30M, BapliaHT YCTaHOBKII }J;aTqIlKOB YKCnC Onpe,lJ;enSleTCSI ,lJ;JISI Ka)l()J;OrO KOHK-
peTHoro cnyqaSl C TaKIiM paCqeTOM, qT06bI IICKJIlOqllTb IInli COKpaTIITb,lJ;O MIIHIIMYMa HeKOHT-
pOJIlipyeMYIO (MepTBYIO) 30HY KOHTponSl HapYIIleHIISI ra6apliTa nO,lJ;BII)I(HOrO COCTaBa. CxeMa
YCTaHOBKII ,lJ;aTqIlKOB OTpa)l(aeTCSI Ha nYTeBOM nJIaHe neperOHa, YTBep)l(,lJ;aeMOM HaqaJIbHIIKOM
,lJ;oporli.
npll YCTaHOBKe Ha neperOHe ,lJ;BYX ,lJ;aTqIlKOB B 3aBIICliMOCTli OT HaJIllqllSl npOBO}J;OB CBSl311 C
PIll, B KOTOpbIX pa3MeIl{eHbI pene KOHTponSl Cxo,lJ;a (KC) nOJJ:BII)I(HOrO COCTaBa, pa3pa60TaHbI
TPIi BapliaHTa BKJIlOqeHIISI YCTPOHCTB YKCnC (pIiC. 4.1).
184
I
...
I

Oi ] IH-TI.H-11
18
H- YKCIIC-1
(nK 824+80)
Oi 3 IH-TI.H-11 (co CT. B
18
H-YKCnC-3
(nK 856+50)
H
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02KC : CY N!! 3
2 1 1KC I I I KC JIll- I
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P3JI2-2400 I 1_ _ _   L PIll...J
[HM1ll2-4000] 1- - - - - - - r - - --=--=--=--=- - - - - - - - --
2KC 1KC I Cy N!! 1 CY N!! 3
2 1 2 1 r---- r----
KC I KC1 KC JIll I
I I I
I OKC 1 JIM 1
1
1 I I I I JIll I
I I _ _ _ PIll...J I PIll _ _ _ ...J
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KC I
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1 I 1
 _ _I.=- .=- .=- PIll _ _ _ IPlll___J _ _
PHC. 4.1. CxeMbI opraHH3al{HH YBfl3KH HanonbHbIX YCTPOHCTB YKCnC C 3IJ; no:
a - I-MY BapHaHTY; 6 - 2-MY BapHaHTY; 6 - 3-MY BapHaHTY
BapuaHm J (CM. pliC. 4.1, a) rrpe}];nOnaraeT HaJIIIqlle }];BYX nap CB060}];HbIX )Kiln Ka6emI Me)l()J;Y
nOCTOM 3[( II PIll npe}];BXO}];HOH clirHanbHoH YCTaHoBKlI1I OJ{HOH napbI )Kiln Me)K}];Y PIlI npe}J;-
BXO}];HOH clirHanbHoH YCTaHOBKII H PIlI, B KOTOpOM pacnOnO)KeHO KOHTponbHoe pene nepBoro
}];aTqIlKa. B 3TOM cnyqae Ha noCTY 3[( pene lKC KOHTponlipyeT pa3pyrneHlle nepBoro }];aTqllKa
no XO}];Y }];BII)KeHIISI nOe3}];a, a pene 2KC - pa3pyrneHlle BToporo }];aTqllKa no XO}];Y }];BII)KeHIISI
nOe3}];a.
BapuaHm 2 (CM. pliC. 4.1, 6) npe}];nOnaraeT HaJIIIqlle O}];HOH napbI CB060}];HbIX )Kiln Ka6enSI
Ha BceM npOTSI)KeHIIII TpaCCbI. Ha nOCTY 3[( YCTaHaBnllBalOTcSI }];Ba nonSIpHO-qYBcTBIiTenbHbIx
pene I1JI3Y-73/1000 (IKC 112KC). TIpllllcnpaBHocTIi 060llx }];aTqIlKOB pene lKC HaXO}];IITCSI
no}]; TOKOM, a pene 2KC - 6e3 TOKa. TIpli pa3pyrneHIIII nepBoro }];aTqllKa 06eCTOqllBaeTCSI KOH-
TponbHoe pene B PIlI, MeHSIeTCSI nonSIpHOCTb nliTaHIiSI B nllHeHHbIx npOBO}];ax. Ha noCTY 3[(
06eCTOqllBaeTCSI pene lKC II BCTaeT no}]; TOK pene 2KC. TIpli pa3pyrneHIIII BToporo }];aTqllKa
06a pene 6Y}];YT 6e3 TOKa.
BapuaHm 3 (CM. pliC. 4.1, 6) npe}];nOnaraeT Hanllqlle O}];HOH napbI )Kiln Ha BceM npOTSI)KeHIIII
TpaCCbI. Ha nOCTY 3[( YCTaHaBnllBaeTcSI pene YKC Tllna KMIlI-750. I1pll pa3pyrneHIIII nepBO-
ro }];aTqllKa pene YKC nonyqaeT 06paTHYIO nonSIpHOCTb nIiTaHIISI, a npll pa3pyrneHIIII BToporo
}];aTqllKa - 06eCTOqIlBaeTcSI.
185

Bo BTOpOM H TpeTbeM BapHaHTaX npH pa3pyrneHHH BToporo (6nmKHero K CTaHl.{HH .n:aTqH-
Ka) HcnpaBHOCTb nepBoro (.n:anbHero) He KOHTponHpyeTCSI.
IlpH Hcnonb30BaHHH annapaTypbI TOHanbHbIX penbCOBbIX u:eneH .n:nSl KOHTponSl nepBoro H
BToporo .n:aTqHKOB B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeXHHqeCKHMH perneHHSlMH BKnlOqeHHe cxeM ynpaBne-
HHSI Ha noCTY 3IJ, COBna.n:aeT C nepBbIM BapHaHTOM.
)J,nSl nHTaHHSI nHHeHHbIX u:eneH (JIll, JIM) Hcnonb3yeTcSI 6noK EIlIll. IlpH nepBoM BapHaH-
Te Ha BbIxo.n:e 6noKa YCTaHaBnHBaeTcSI HanpSl)l(eHHe nOCTOSlHHoro TOKa nopSl.n:Ka 33 B, B Tpe-
TbeM BapHaHTe - nopSl.n:Ka 60 B. Bo BTOpOM BapHaHTe, qT06bI He BBO.n:HTb OrpaHHqHTenbHoe
COnpOTHBJIeHHe, B nHHeHHble npOBo.n:a BKnlOqalOTCSI 06MOTKH pene 1 KC, 2KC conpOTHBneHH-
eM 73 OM (BbIBO.n:bI 3-4) H Ha BbIxo.n:e EIlIll YCTaHaBnHBaeTcSI HanpSl)l(eHHe B npe.n:enax 16-
60 B B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT conpoTHBneHHSI nHHHH.
CHHTe3aTopbI peqH (CMO) H3rOTaBnHBalOTCSI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOnHqeCTBa nepe.n:aBaeMbIX
C006II.{eHHH B Tpex Mo.n:HcpHKaI.{HSlx: Ha qeTblpe, Ha ceMb H Ha .n:eBSlTb C006II.{eHHH. CHHTe3aTop
H HCTOqHHK ero nHTaHHSI (MIl C) ocpopMneHbI B Kopnyce pene HMIll H YCTaHaBnHBalOTcSI B
peneHHoM nOMeII.{eHHH Ha CTaTHBe.
TaK KaK Ha no.n:xo.n:ax K CTaHI.{HH MorYT 6bITb YCTaHoBneHbI HeCKonbKO .n:aTqHKOB YKCIlC,
TO B TeKCTe nepeJ{aBaeMoro no noe3.n:HOH pa.n:HOCBSl3H C006II.{eHHSI npH cpa6aTbIBaHHH .n:aTqHKa
.n:on)l(Ha co.n:ep)l(aTbCSI HHcpopMal.{HSI 0 HapyrneHHH ra6apHTa n0.n:BH)I(HOrO COCTaBa H nepeKpbI-
THH KOHKpeTHoro Bxo.n:Horo CBeTocpopa KOHKpeTHOH CTaHU:HH. IlpHMepHoe co.n:ep)l(aHHe TeK-
CTa C006II.{eHHSI cne.n:YIOII.{ee: «HapyweH za6apum. MawuHucm! llpu6Jlu:JICaemeCb K 3aKpblmo-
MY eXO()HOMY ceemocjJopy H cm. llpuMepHaR». C006II.{eHHe .n:on)l(HO nepe.n:aBaTbcSI TPH pa3a C
HHTepBanoM 10 c. )J,nHTenbHocTb Ka)l(.n:oro C006II.{eHHSI He 60nee 8 c.
IlpHHU:Hn .n:eHcTBHSI YKCIlC OCHOBaH Ha pa3pyrneHHH .n:aTqHKa npH HaJIHqHH B .n:BH)I(yII.{eM-
CSI no.n:BH)I(HOM COCTaBe BOnOqaII.{HXcSI.n:eTaJIeH, BbIXO.n:SlII.{HX 3a HH)I(HHH npe.n:eJI ra6apHTa, HnH
ero cxo.n:e C penbCOB.
3neMeHTbI HanonbHblX YCTPOHCTB YKCIlC C O.n:HHM .n:aTqHKOM H 06II.{aSl cxeMa HX BKnlOqe-
HHSI npe,uCTaBneHa Ha pHC. 4.2. B KaqeCTBe HCTOqHHKa IIHTaHHSI YKCIlC B Pill YCTaHaBnHBa-
eTCSI nHTalOII.{HH TpaHccpopMaTop IlTK THna COEC-2A, OT BTOPHqHbIX 06MOTOK KOToporo qe-
pe3 BbIIIpSlMHTenbHble 6noKH fiIlKI H EIlK2 THna EB nonyqalOT nHTaHHe nOCTOSlHHbIM TOKOM
(nonlOcbI IlK H MK) ,uaTqHK YKCIlC C nocne,uOBaTenbHO BKnlOqeHHbIM C HHM pene KOHTpOJISI
cxo.n:a 2KC H nHHeHHaSl u:enb KC-OKC C BKJIlOqeHHbIM Ha nocTY 3IJ, pene KOHTponSl cxo.n:a 1 KC
(nonlOcbI JIIlK H JIMK). <1>pOHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene KOHTponSl cxo,ua lKC BKnlOqeH B I.{enb nH-
TaHHSI CHrHaJIbHOrO pene qC (HC) Bxo.n:Horo cBeTocpopa. IlapaJInenbHo KOHTaKTY pene lKC B
3TOH l.{enH BKJIlOqeH KOHTaKT peJIe HCKJIlOqeHHSI KOHTponSl cxo,ua MKC J{JISI npHeMa nOe3,ua nOCJIe
npoBepKH COCTOSlHHSI ra6apHTa B COCTaBe.
CxeMa peJIe lIKC nocTpoeHa TaKHM 06pa30M, qTO ero B036Y)I()J;eHHe B03MO)l(HO TonbKO npH
HapyrneHHH l.{enH YKCIlC. B036Y)l()J;eHHe pene lIKC oCYII.{eCTBJISleTCSI Ha)l(aTHeM KHonKH BKC
co CqeTqHKOM qHCna Ha)l(aTHH CqM. Ilocne B036Y)l(.n:eHHSI pene lIKC nepeKJIlOqaeTCSI Ha u:enb
caM06noKHpoBKH qepe3 cppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT YKa3aTenbHoro pene qpy (HPY) ropeHHSI naMn
pa3pernalOII.{HX nOKa3aHHH Bxo.n:Horo cBeTocpopa H 06eCTOqHBaeTCSI nOCJIe BCTynneHHSI noe3.n:a
Ha CTaHI.{HIO H nepeKpbITHSI Bxo,uHoro cBeTocpopa Ha 3anpeII.{alOII.{ee nOKa3aHHe. IlpH Hapyrne-
HHH .n:aTqHKa YKCIlC )J,CIl.n:o BOCCTaHOBneHHSI,uaTqHKa .n:on)l(eH .n:JISI npHeMa Ka)l(,uoro noe3.n:a
nonb30BaTbCSI KHonKoH BKC co CqeTqHKOM qHCna Ha)l(aTHH H perHcTpHpoBaTb Ha)l(aTHe 3TOH
KHonKH B )l{ypHaJIe oCMoTpa )J,Y -46.
)J,JISI HHcpopMal..{liH )J,CIl 0 HapyrneHHH YKCIlC Ha nynbTe )J,CIl npe.n:ycMoTpeHa KOHTponbHaSl
naMna KpacHoro U:BeTa H 3BOHOK. KpoMe Toro, npe.n:YCMoTpeH 3BOHOK HapY)l(Horo nOMeII.{eHHSI
)J,CIl. IlpH HcnpaBHocTH .n:aTqHKa YKCIlC Ha nYJIbTe qepe3 cppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene KOHTpO-
nSl cxo,ua 1 KC BKnlOqeHa KOHTponbHaSl naMna «KCJI» 6enoro U:BeTa. lIcnonb3YSl KHonKY B3B,
)J,CIl MO)l(eT BbIKnlOqHTb 3BOHOK, KOTOpbIH nOBTopHO BKJIlOqHTCSI qepe3 cppOHTOBOH KOHTaKT
peJIe 1 KC nOCJIe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI cxeMbI YKCIlC. Ha pHC. 4.3 npHBe.n:eHa cxeMa YBSl3KH YKCIlC
C 3IJ, npH YCTaHoBKe J{BYX .n:aTqHKOB.
186


1KC
2
P3JI2-2400
I
1
1
KC.
PeneiiHbIii wKa4>
2KC
2KC
JInK nK 2 3-4 1
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I
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MK
IITK EIIK1
PeneiiHoe nOMemeHHe S nK
(COEC-2A) t
nOCTa 3Q MK
3 71
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n BKC

TII BKC
31/1 
00
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I1KC
2
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41 '-....:
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3
P3JI2M-1000
H
JIMK
YKM-12
CX>O-1q
aTqHK
YKCIIC
:I
Pill
 YIIM-24
YKM-12
n:aT'lHK YKCIIC
r.-'-'-'-.-.-.-'-'-.-.-.-'-.-.-.-'-'-.-.-'-'-.-'-
M
3 71
(nepeMbIqKH Ha 6noKax 3-4-83;
_. _. _. _. _. J1.:.l:?1.7j:V:1.t. _. _. _. _."
1KC M

QPY(HPY)
I1KC
2 3-4 1
3B
M
I
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51
r-----
I I
I I
I Hap}')KHbIH 3BOHOK I
______...J
B u:enb CHrHMbHoro
pene QC (He)
PHC. 4.2. CxeMa YBSl3KH YKCnC C YCTpoHcTBaMH 3IJ: npH YCTaHoBKe OHOro aTqHKa
n

......
00
00
lKC
51
MII J1n

II l1KC
61
OTKC
41
K ynpaBJUllOmHM pene
pymx nOXOOB

TII BKC
11/31 33
12
II l1KC

n
31
L-.../
C'beM HH<popMaQHH
JUI ,l],Q H ,l],K
1KC
41
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12 3BOHOK KOHTpoml
YKCIIC
II
M
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41 L- KC3

3BOHOK nepeMeHHoro
TOKa
YcraHaBJIHBacrcSi cHap}')K11
nOMemCHHH ,l],CII
* BMecTo rYKa MO)KeT YCTaHaB-
nHBaThCSl3BOHOK 3TIT -24. HanpSl-
)KeHHe nHTaHI1S1 24 B nepeMeH-
HOro TOKa (C, MC).
** KOHTaKT 06aBnSleTCSI npH HC-
ncrqepcKoM ynpaBneHHH. 3aKpe-
ll{eHHOe He MOHTHpyeTcSI
PHC. 4.3. CxeMa YBSl3KH YKCTIC C YCTpOHCTBaMH 3IJ: npH YCTaHOBKe BYX aTqHKOB
OTKC
21M
(3-4)
P3JI2M [ HMlllM 1 ]
1000 1120
BKC
4 1 M
2 3
P3JI2M [ HMWM1 ]
1000 1120
PY
M
YKCB
2 3-4 1 M
3JIl [ HMW1 ]
1600 1440
HAYKC MT
E
(Me)
II
OTKC
L
e 0
o L.,
l1K  ] i !
51  !
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51 L-

Ha CTaHIUIX, HaXO,lUIII.\IIXCSI Ha ,n:lIcneT'IepCKOM ynpaBJIeHIIII, ClirHaJIII3alIS1 He pa60TaeT,
TaK KaK 3BOHKIIII ClirHaJIbHbIe JIaMnbI nOJIY'IalOT nliTaHlie OT nOJIlOca TTI, BKJIlO'IeHlle KOTOpO-
ro OCYll{eCTBJISleTCSI npll rrepeBO,lIe CTaH1I11 Ha pe3epBHoe ynpaBJIeHlle.
TIpli cpllKca1I11 YCTpoi1cTBaMH YKCTIC HapYllieHIISI ra6apliTa nO,lIBII)KHOrO COCTaBa Ha Ka-
KOM-JIII60 y'IaCTKe np1l6JIII)KeHIISI Ha MOHIiTope TI3BM APM ):(CTI B CIiCTeMax 3[( C IICnOJIb-
30BaHlieM MIIKponpoeCCOpHO:H: TeXHIIKII nOSlBJISleTCSI cooTBeTcTBYIOll{aSlIlH,lIIIKalIS1 (BepTII-
KaJIbHaSl KpaCHaSl CTpeJIKa). TIpli KOpOTKOM 3aMbIKaHIIII B JIIIHIIII rrpll nepe,lIa'Ie KOHTpOJIbHbIX
ClirHaJIOB OT YKCTIC Ha MOHIiTope nOSlBJISlIOTCSI,n:Be MliralOll{lIe BepTIIKaJIbHbIe CTpeJIKII Kpac-
Horo BeTa. B Ka)K,n:OM 113 3TIIX CJIY'IaeB pa3pellialOwee nOKa3aHlie COOTBeTCTBYIOll{erO BXO,lI-
Horo CBeTocpopa MeHSleTCSI Ha 3anpell{alOll{ee C BbI,n:a'Ie:H: C006ll{eHIISI: «llepeKpblllCR ceemo-
pop. ..», «HapYUleHue za6apuma...».
C MOMeHTa cpllKca1I11 YCTpO:H:CTBaMIi YKCTIC HapYllieHIISI ra6apliTa no,n:BII)KHOrO COCTaBa
(HJIII npll HellcnpaBHOCTIi YKCTIC) 1I,n:0 IIX YCTpaHeHIISI OTKpbITlie COOTBeTCTBYIOll{erO BXO,lI-
Horo CBeTocpopa HeB03MO)KHO. B 3TOM cnY'Iae ):(CTI IICnOJIb3yeT ,n:llpeKTIIBY: « ¥cmaHoelW Map-
Ulpyma npueMa co CHRmueM KOHmpOllR za6apuma no()eU:JICHOZO cocmaea».
4.3. YnopLi ,ZJ;JIH MexaHH3HpOBaHHO....O 3aKpenJIeHHH
nO,ZJ;BHHO""O COCTaBa
He06xo,n:IIMOCTb OCTaBJISlTb Ha HeKOTopoe BpeMSI COCTaBbI 6e3 JIOKOMOTIIBOB 06'bSlCHSleTCSI
MHorliMIi npll'IIiHaMII: CMeHO:H: JIOKOMOTIIBOB, paccpopMllpoBaHlieM II no,n:cpopMllpoBaHlieM no-
e3,n:OB, OTl.{enKO:H: IlJIH nplll.{enKO:H: rpynn BarOHOB II D.p. Bo Bcex CJIY'IaSlX CTOSlll{lIe rpynnbI
BarOHOB ,ZJ;OJDKHbI 6bITb Ha.Ae)KHO 3aKpenJIeHbI OT onaCHOCTIi caMOnpOH3BOJIbHOrO yxo,n:a co CTaH-
1I0HHbIX nYTe:H: 113-3a YCKOpSlIOll{IIX YKJIOHOB, ,ZJ;e:H:CTBIiSI BeTpa lI,n:pyrllx cpaKTopoB. npll3aK-
peIIJIeHlI1I COCTaBOB C nOMOll{blO py'IHbIX 6allIMaKOB no,lI COCTaB Cpe,lIHe:H: ,lIJIIIHbI (50 BaroHoB),
CTOSlll{II:H: Ha nYTII C YKJIOHOM nopSl,ZJ;Ka 2,5 %0, MO)KeT nOTpe60BaTbcSI,n:0 11 6allIMaKoB 06ll{IIM
BeCOM OKOJIO 80 Kr. Pa60Ta no YKJIa,n:Ke H nOCJIe,n:YIOll{eMY CHSlTIiIO TaKoro 'IllCJIa 6allIMaKoB
Tpe6YeT 3Ha'IllTeJIbHbIX 3aTpaT MaJIOnpOIl3Bo,ZJ;IITeJIbHOrO py'IHOrO TpY,ZJ;a II BpeMeHII (nopSl,n:Ka
20-30 MIIH). KpoMe 3Toro, TaKaSl pa60Ta He 6e30naCHa ,n:JISlIICnOJIHIITeJIe:H:.
):(JISI 06JIer'IeHIISI. YCKopeHIISlII nOBbIllieHIISI Ha,n:e)KHOCTIi npoecca 3aKpenJIeHIISI COCTaBOB
pa3pa60TaH H IIHTeHCIIBHO BHe,ZJ;pSleTCSI CnelIaJIII3I1pOBaHHbI:H: TOpM03HO:H: ynop Tllna YTC-380,
ynpaBJISleMbI:H: C nOMOll{blO CTpeJIO'IHOrO 3JIeKTpOnpllBo,n:a CTI-6M. B Ka'IeCTBe CTpeJIO'IHbIX
3JIeKTpOnpIlBo,n:OB MorYT IICnOJIb30BaTbCSlII ,ZJ;pyrlle TlinbI (KpOMe rOpO'IHbIX), npliMeHSleMbIe
Ha CTaHl.{III1, r,n:e 6y,n:YT YCTaHaBJIIiBaTbCSI ynopbI.
Ynop YTC-380 (pIiC. 4.4) npe,lICTaBJISleT c060:H: pa360pHYlO KOHCTPYKl.{IIIO, MOHTlipyeMYIO
Ha peJIbCax. OH co,n:ep)KIIT: TOpM03HbIe KOJIO,n:KIII, npllKpenJIeHHbIe K cooTBeTcTBYIOWIiM KPOH-
llITe:H:HaM 2, KOTopbIe llIapHlipHo coe,n:IIHeHbI C onopaMIIIO; pbI'Ia)KHbI:H: MexaHII3M 3, YCTaHaB-
JIIiBaeMbI:H: Ha onopHbIe yrOJIbHIIKII4; peJIbCOBbIe HaKJIa,n:KII5; pa60'Ilie II KOHTpOJIbHbIe TSlrll 6
II 7. KOJIO,n:KIII, KpenSlll{lIeCSI K KpOHllITe:H:HaM 'IeTbIpbMSI 60JITaMII, IIMelOT OBaJIbHbIe na3bI, C
nOMOll{blO KOTOpbIX 06eCne'IliBaeTCSI perYJIllpOBKa nJIOTHOrO npllJIeraHIiSI nOJI030B KOJIO,n:OK K
rOJIOBKaM peJIbCOB npllllx 113Hoce. PeJIbCOBbIe HaKJIa,lIKII 5 II onopbI 10 KpenSlTcSI K llIe:H:KaM
peJIbCOB TpeMSI nYTeBbIMIi 60JITaMIi.
PbI'Ia)l(HbI:H: MexaHII3M YCTaHaBJIIiBaeTCSI Ha nOnepe'IIlHe, CBSl3bIBalOll{e:H: Me)K,ZJ;y c060:H: 06a
onopHblx yrOJIbHIIKa 4. PbI'Iarli pbI'Ia)KHOrO MexaHII3Ma coe,n:IIHSlIOTCSI C pa60'IliM 1lI1I6epoM
3JIeKTpOnpllBo,n:a 8 II 06eCne'IliBalOT YCTaHoBKY KOJIO,n:OK ynopa B pa60'Iee IlJIIi Hepa60'Iee no-
JIO)KeHlle C nOMOll{blO perYJIlipyeMbIx no ,lIJIIiHe pa60'Ilix TSlr 6. KOHTpOJIbHbIe TSlrll 7, coe,ZJ;lI-
HeHHbIe O,n:HIIM KOHOM C KpOHllITe:H:HaMIi KOJIO,n:OK, a ,n:pyrllM 'Iepe3 nOBo,n:KII H pbI'Iarli PbI-
'Ia)KHOrO MexaHII3Ma C KOHTpOJIbHbIMIi JIIIHe:H:KaMIi 3JIeKTpOnpIlBo,ZJ;a, 06eCne'IliBalOT nOJIY'Ie-
Hlle KOHTpOJISI nOJIO)KeHIISI TOpM03HbIX KOJIO,n:OK ynopa B pa60'IeM II Hepa60'IeM nOJIO)KeHIISlX.
Bce TSlrll MMelOT perYJIlipOBO'IHbIe pe3b60BbIe MycpTbI 9, cJIY)Kall{lIe ,lUISlII3MeHeHIISlIIX ,n:JIIIHbI,
111130JISll.{1I0HHbIe npOKJIanKIi co BTYJIKaMII,n:JISI 06eCne'IeHIISI pa60TbI ynopa B nYTII C 3JIeKTpll-
189

8
7


#e; 'b-
l' 0 6
e; C)
e;# 0,0
S> e;
!b' 
'b-  #
'b-

1
PHC. 4.4. Ynop TOpM03HOH YTC-380:
I-TOpMo3HbIe Konororn; 2 - KpOHIIITeHH; 3 - PbJqIDKHbIH MeXaHH3M; 4- yronbHHKH paMbI; 5 - pellbCOBafl HaKn-
Ka; 6 - pa60e Tflm; 7 - KOHTponbHbIe TSlm; 8 - 3neKTponpHBo; 9 - perynHpOBOqHbIe Myll>TbI; 10- onopbI
':leCKHMH peJIbCOBbIMH l.{emIMH. OnopHbIe yrOJIbHHKH 4, Ha KOTOpbIX MOHTHPYIOTCSI CTpeJIO':l-
HbIH :meKTponpHBo,n: H pbI':la)KHbIH MexaHH3M, npHKpenJISlIOTCSI 60JITaMH K llIeHKaM H no,n:o-
llIBaM peJIbCoB.
):(JISI nepeBo,n:a KOJIO,n:OK ynopa H3 Hepa60':lero nOJIO)KeHHSI B pa60':lee H Ha060poT npe,n:yc-
MaTpHBalOTcSI cxeMbI MeCTHoro H u:eHTpaJIbHOrO ynpaBJIeHHSI 3JIeKTpOnpHBo,n:oM. MecTHoe
ynpaBJIeHHe ynopoM ocyw;eCTBJISleTCSI CHrHaJIHCTOM C MeCTHoro nYJIbTa. UeHTpaJIbHOe ynpaB-
JIeHHe oCYll\eCTBJISleTcSI):(CTI C nYJIbTa ynpaBJIeHHSI Ha l.{eHTpaJIbHOM noCTY npH Y':laCTHH CHr-
HaJIHCTa, KOTOpbIH CJIe,n:HT 3a 3aKpenJIeHHeM COCTaBa KOJIo,n:KaMH ynopa.
CxeMHbIe pellIeHHSI MeCTHoro ynpaBJIeHHSI npe,n:ycMaTpHBalOT ynpaBJIeHHe ynopoM CHrHaJIH-
CTOM C MeCTHoro nYJIbTa cJIe,n:YIOll\HMH cnoc06aMH: H3 nYTeBoH Kop06KH (pHC. 4.5) HJIH O,n:HO-
BpeMeHHbIM Ha>KaTHeM J{e)KypHbIM no CTaHU:HH KHonKH «COrJIaCHe» Ha IIYJIbTe ynpaBJIeHHSI (pHC.
3.6)):{JISI nOJ{TBep>K,lJ.eHHSI KOMaH.n;bI Ha YCTaHoBKY RJIH CHSlTHe KOJIOJ{OK ynopa. B npe,lICTaBJIeHHbIX
npHMepax cxeM C u:eJIblO YMeHbllIeHHSI 'IRCJIa npoBoJ{oB H 3all\HTbI OT nOJ{ropaHHSI KOHTaKTOB
ynpaBJISlIOll\HX KHonOK npHMeHeHO nycKoBoe nOJISlpH30BaHHoe peJIe TITIP-3.
TIpH MeCTHOM ynpaBJIeHHH nYJIbT, a TaK)Ke nYTeBaSl Kop06Ka HJIH Kopnyc 3JIeKTpOnpHBo,n:a,
H3 KOTOpbIX C nOMOll\blO KHonOK HJIH KJIIO':la nepeBo,n:SlTCSI TOpM03HbIe KOJIO,n:KH, YCTaHaBJIHBa-
IOTCSI C npaBoH CTOpOHbI no XOJ{y npH6b1THSI noe3,n:a.
AJIrOpHTM pa60TbI 3THX cxeM cJIe,n:YIOW;HH: lI,JISI YCTaHoBKH KOJIO,n:OK B pa60':lee nOJIO>KeHHe
(CM. pHC. 4.5) CHrHaJIHCT Ha>KHMaeT Ha MeCTHOM nYJIbTe KHonKY KY/Ke. TIpH 3TOM C03,n:aeTCSI
u:enb ,n:JISI cpa6aTbIBaHHSI peJIe TITIP, KOTopoe nOCJIe cpa6aTbIBaHHSI nepe6pacblBaeT CBOH nOJISI-
pH30BaHHbIH SlKOpb. B pe3YJIbTaTe C03}J;aeTCSI u:enb ,n:JISI nHTaHHSI 06MOTKH B036Y)K}J;eHHSI JI2
3JIeKTpo,n:BHraTeJISI no u:enH: nOJIIOC TI, KOHTaKTbI 11-12 KY, 111-113 (HJIH 121-123) peJIe
TITIP, KOHTaKTbI 11-12ATI (aBTonepeKJIIO':laTeJISI), 06MoTKa JI2, 3JIeKTpo}J;BHraTeJIb, KOHTaKTbI
1-2 EK, KOHTaKTbI 11-13 KC, nOJIIOC M BbIIIpSlMHTeJISI BYe. B KOHl.{e nepeBo,n:a, Kor,n:a KO-
JIO,n:KH ynopa 3aHMYT pa60':lee nOJIO>KeHHe, u:enb nHTaHHSI 06MOTKH JI2 060pBeTcSI KOHTaKTOM
11-12 cpa60TaBllIero aBTOnepeKJIIO':laTeJISI. BKJIIO':leHHe 3JIeKTpOnHTaHHSI npoH3Bo,n:HTCSI CHr-
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U:HH. TIpH nepepbIBe 3JIeKTpOnHTaHHSI KOJIOJ{KH ynopa nepeBo,n:SlTcSI Kyp6eJIeM.
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pHC. 4.7 H 4.8. CxeMbI BKJIlOqeHHSI npHBo.n:a YTC aHaJIOrHqHa cxeMaM BKJIlOqeHHSI 3JIeKTpO-
npHBo.n:a CTpeJIKH. Pa3perneHHe ynpaBJIeHHSI YTC B03MO:>KHO TOJIbKO npH OTCYTCTBHH YCTa-
HOBJIeHHbIX noe3.n:HbIX MaprnpYTOB C nYTH H Ha nYTb. TaKHM 06pa30M. npH ynpaBJIeHHH CTa-
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- HCKJIlOqeHHe 3a.n:aHHSI noe3.n:HbIX MaprnpYTOB npHeMa H MaHeBpOBbIX MaprnpYTOB Ha CBO-
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- HCKJIlOqeHHe nepeBo.n:a YTC B pa60qee nOJIO)l(eHHe npH 3a.n:aHHbIX noe3.n:HbIX MaprnpYTax
npHeMa H MaHeBpOBbIX MaprnpYTax Ha nYTb;
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4.4. C6pacbIBalOmHe 6amMaKH
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nOBopoTa LJ:CTI KOMMYTaTopa :noro 6arnMaKa B cooTBeTCTBYlOwee nonO)l(eHHe.
4.5. ABTOMaTHIJ.eCKaH OIJ.HCTKa CTpeJlOK
ABTOMaTHqeCKa}l OqHCTKa CTpenOK Ha CTaHU;H}lX npe.n:YCMaTpHBaeTC}I.n:n}l npe.n:OTBPal.I.{eHH}I
nepepbIBOB B .n:BH)I(eHHH noe3.n:OB H MaHeBpoBoM pa60Te BO BpeM}I CHerona.n:OB. TIpH 3TOM CBO-
.n:}lTC}I K MHHHMYMY T}I)I(enbIe pyqHbIe pa60TbI, CB}l3aHHbIe C OqHCTKOM CTpenOqHbIX nepeBo.n:O B ,
3a CqeT qero COKpal.I.{aeTC}lrnTaT qHCTHnbl.I.{HKOB H nOBbIrnaeTC}I CTeneHb 6e30naCHOCTH pa60T
no cHer060pb6e.
BHe.n:peHHe .n:ByxnporpaMMHoM OqHCTKH CTpenOK OT CHera BMeCTO o.n:HonporpaMMHoM 06ec-
neqHBaeT CHH)I(eHHe 3aTpaT, BbI3BaHHbIX npOCTO}lMH noe3.n:OB H3-3a HeB03MO)l(HOCTH ocywe-
CTBHTb HH.n:HBH.n:yanbHYIO OqHCTKY KOHKpeTHoM CTpenKH npH 3anpeCCOBKe ee CHerOM.
TI pH .n:ByxnporpaMMHOM ynpaBneHHH BCIO annapaTYPY pacnonaralOT Ha nOCTY 3U., qTO cYl.I.{e-
CTBeHHO 06nerqaeT ee 06cnY)l(HBaHHe, KonHqeCTBO annapaTypbI He 3aBHCHT OT qHCna OqHl.I.{ae-
MbIX CTpenOK. Y COBeprneHCTBOBaHHa}l.n:ByxnporpaMMHa}l OqHCTKa CTpenOK OT CHera pa3pa60Ta-
Ha C u;enblO c03.n:aHH}I 3KOHOMHqHbIX 3neKTpHqeCKHX cxeM ynpaBneHH}I OqHCTKOM 3a CqeT COKpa-
WeHH}I KOnHqeCTBa pene, a TaK)I(e 06eCneqeHH}I 60nbrneM THnH3aU;HH cxeMHbIX perneHHM.
197

B TaKOM BapHaHTe npe.n:YCMaTpHBaeTCSI peanH3aQHSI.n:BYX nporpaMM: lJUKJlU'-leCKOU (nocne-
.n:OBaTenbHOM) OqHCTKH Bcex CTpenOK CTaHQHH; 6b160pO'-lHOU OqHCTKH m060M CTpenKH Ha CTaHQHH.
O.n:HOBpeMeHHO MO)l(eT 6bITb peanH30BaHa TonbKO o.n:Ha H3 .n:BYx rrporpaMM.
PeanH3aQHSI QHKnHqeCKOM OqHCTKH Bcex CTpenOK MO)l(eT ocyecTBnSlTbCSI B pe)l(HMaX, OT-
nHqalOHXCSI BpeMeHeM .n:YTbSl H HHTepBana: HOpMaJlbHOM, YCUJleHHOM H 06JleZ'-leHHOM. 06ner-
qeHHbIM pe)l(HM He npe.n:YCMaTpHBaeTCSI npH KOnHqeCTBe CTpenOK Ha CTaHQHH.n:o 29. TIpH BbI-
60POqHOM OqHCTKe CTpenKa OqHaeTCSI O.n:HH pa3 nocne BbI60pa ee HOMepa C nOMOblO KHO-
nOK ynpaBneHHSI. qHcno on:HOBpeMeHHO OqHaeMbIX cTpenOK onpe.n:enSleTCSI npoeKTOM H 3a-
BHCHT OT 06ero qHCna CTpenOK Ha CTaHQHH H MOHOCTH KOMnpeccopHoM.
B KaqeCTBe annapaTOB ynpaBneHHSI H KOHTponSl Hcnonb3yeTcSI nynbT-MaHHnynSlTop H BbI-
HOCHoe Ta6no 3:Q. .lJ.nSl ynpaBneHHSI YCTpoMcTBaMH aBTOMaTHqeCKOM OqHCTKH Ha rraHenH nynbTa-
MaHHnynSlTopa npe.n:ycMaTpHBalOTcSI cne.n:YIOHe KHonKH (pHC. 4.11, BKneMKa): :QO - QHKnH-
qeCKaSl OqHCTKa; YP - YCHneHHbIM pe)l(HM; OP - o6nerqeHHbIM pe)l(HM; a TaK)I(e KHonOK
Ha60pa HOMepa cTpenoK- 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7, 8, 9, 0; lC, 2C H T..n:. H KHonKa c6poca - CEo .lJ.nSl
KOHTponSl pa60TbI cxeM aBTOMaTHqeCKOM OqHCTKH Ha Ta6no .lJ.CTI YCTaHOBneHbI KOHTponbHbIe
naMnbI: :QO - QHKnHqeCKaSl OqHCTKa; BO - BbI60pOqHaSl OqHCTKa.
B npe.n:CTaBneHHbIX THnOBbIX cxeMax npe.n:ycMoTpeHbI .n:Ba BapHaHTa aBTOMaTHqeCKOM OqH-
CTKH cTpenoK: C 3a.n:aHHbIM nopSl.n:KoM no.n:KnlOqeHHSI u:eneM 3TIK H co cB060.n:HbIM nopSl.n:KoM
no.n:KnlOqeHHSI QeneM 3 TIK.
B cxeMe (CM. pHC. 3.11) Hcnonb3YlOTCSI cne.n:YIOHe pene: YTI - BKnlOqeHHSI nHTaHHSI B
HopManbHoM H 06nerqeHHOM pe)l(HMaX; OE-4E - CqeTqHKH e.n:HHHQ, cpa6aTbIBalOT .n:Ba)l(-
.n:bI B O.AHOM QHKne, 06pa3YSl.n:Ba nonYQHKna; 0.lJ.-5.lJ. - CqeTqHKH .n:eCSlTKOB; 11M - COBMe-
CTHO C 6noKoM EKP onpe.n:enSleT .n:nHTenbHOCTb OqHCTKH cTpenoK; I1H - COBMeCTHO C 6no-
KOM EKP onpe.n:enSleT .n:nHTenbHOCTb HHTepBana OqHCTKH, BCTaeT rro.n: TOK nocne B036Y)l(.n: e - I
HHSI pene MI1M, KOTopoe SlBnSleTCSI Me.n:neHHo.n:eMcTBYIOHM nOBTopHTeneM pene 11M; PE _ 
pa3n:enHTenbHoe pene e.n:HHHQ, nOBTopSleT pa60TY qeTHbIX CqeTqHKOB e.n:HHHQ; P.lJ. - pa3.n:e- .
nHTenbHoe pene .n:eCSl1'KOB, nOBTopSleT pa60TY qeTHbIX CqeTqHKOB .n:eCSlTKOB; MTI - pene naMSITH
oTpa60TKH CqeTqHKOB e.n:HHHQ (OE-4E) B nepBOM nonYUHKne, cpa6aTbIBaSl B KOHQe nepBoro
nonYUHKna, no.n:KnlOqaeT pene 1 ErK; MTI 1 - pene naMSlTH oTpa60TKH CqeTqHKOB e.n:HHHQ
(OE-4E) BO BTOpOM nonYQHKne, <pHKcHpyeT rrepexo.A Ha cne.n:YIOHM pa3pSl.n: CqeTqHKOB .n:e-
CSlTKOB; 1 ErK - rpynnOBoe KHOnoqHOe pene pa3pSl.n:a en:HHHU 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, BbIIIonHSleT <PYH-
KQHIO pa3.n:eneHHSI QeneM 3TIK B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT QH<PPbI e.n:HHHQ B HOMepe CTpenKH (npoBon:
1 OMM - B HOMepe cTpenKH pa3pSl.n:a e.n:HHHQ QH<PPbI 0, 2, 3, 6, 7); 2ErK - rpynnoBoe
KHOnOqHOe pene pa3pSl.n:a e.n:HHHQ 0, 2, 3, 5, 7; .lJ.rK - rpynnoBoe KHOnOqHOe pene Ha60pa
pa3pSl.n:a .n:eCSlTKOB; B.lJ. - Me.n:neHHo.n:eMcTBYIOHM nOBTopHTenb pene .lJ.rK; .lJ.O, .lJ.Ol -
pene, <PHKCHpYIOHe OKOHqaHHe Ha60pa pa3pSln:a n:eCSlTKOB, nepeKnlOqaeT Ha60pHYlO rpyn-
ny KHonOK Ha pa3pSl.n: e.n:HHHQ; B - BKnlOqalOee pene, no.n:aeT nHTaHHe B QenH 3TIK; KO-
KOHTponbHoe pene, <pHKcHpyeT 3aMbIKaHHe QenH 3TIK; YI1- pene YBenHqeHHSI MHTenbHO-
CTH HHTepBana.
06aSl cxeMa ynpaBneHHSI OqHCTKOM cTpenoK co.n:ep)l(HT: cxeMY <pOpMHpoBaHHSI HMnynbcoB
H HHTepBanoB, cxeMbI nocne.n:oBaTenbHoM (UHKnHqeCKoM) H BbI60pOqHOM OqHCTKH H cxeMbI
no.n:KnlOqeHHSI Bcex QeneM :meKTponHeBMaTHqeCKOrO KnanaHa 3TIK. <t>OpMHpoBaHHe HMnynb-
COB H HHTepBanOB 06eCneqHBalOT cxeMbI pene 11M, I1H, MI1M.
BbI60p pe)l(HMa OqHCTKH (H3MeHeHHe ,WIHTenbHOCTH HMnynbcoB H HHTepBanoB) .n:OCTHraeT-
CSI no.n:KnlOqeHHeM cooTBeTcTBYIOHX eMKOCTeM H conpoTHBneHHM B 6noKax EKP-76 B uenH
rrynbc-napbI C nOMOblO KOHTaKTOB pene OP (06nerqeHHbIM pe)l(HM), YI1 (YMHHeHHe HMnynbcoB)
H.lJ.H (npH BbI60pOqHOM OqHCTKe).
TIYCK cxeMbI <pOpMHpoBaHHM HMnynbcoB (BKnlOqeHHe OqHCTKH) npOH3Bo.n:HTCSI: B lJUKJlU-
'-leCKOM pe:JICUMe C nOMOblO pene YTI, KOTopoe B036Y)l(.n:aeTcSI npH Ha)l(aTHH KHonKH YO; B
6b16opO'-lHOM pe:JICUMe nocne B036Y)l(.n:eHHSI pene .lJ.H H BbIKnlOqeHHSI pene B.lJ., .lJ.rK npH BTO-
pOM Ha)l(aTHH KHonOK 0-9 (BbI60p e.AHHHQbI HOMepa cTpenKH).
198

BbI60p HOMepa .n:eCSlTKOB H e.AHHHU: CTpeJIKH .n:JISI BbI60pOqHO:H: OqHCTKH B03MO)l(eH H B U:HK-
JIHqeCKOM pe)l(HMe, npH 3TOM Ha60p .n:eCSlTKOB .n:OJI)I(eH HaqHHaTbCSI BO BpeMSI HHTepBaJIa. TIoc-
JIe nepBoro Ha)l(aTHSI KHonOK 0-9 TbIJIOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH peJIe ,n:rK H B,n: npOHcxo.n:HT OT-
KJIlOqeHHe nYJIbC-napbI, a TbIJIOBbIM KOHTaKTOM peJIe ,n:H - OCTaHOBKa U:HKJIHqeCKoro pe)l(HMa
Ha BpeMSI 6bl6opOlJl-tOU OqHCTKH (oTKJIlOqeHHSI u:enH nOOqepe.n:Horo B036Y)I(.n:eHHSI CqeTqHKOB
OE-4E).
BKJIlOqeHHe 06Jle2lJeH1-t02o pe)l(HMa OCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI Ha)l(aTHeM KHonKH OP. 06.n:YBKa nOJIO-
rHX, nepeKpeCTHbIX H CTpeJIOK C no.n:BH)I(HbIM cep.n:eqHHKOM oCYIl{eCTBJISleTCSI o.n:HoBpeMeHHbIM
BKJIlOqeHHeM .n:BYx 3TIK H npHBo.n:HT K nOBbIllIeHHoMY pacxo.n:y B03.n:yxa. ,n:JISI BOCCTaHOBJIeHHSI
.n:aBJIeHHSI B MarHCTpaJIH nOCJIe 06.n:YBKH TaKHX CTpeJIOK Tpe6yeTcSI y.n:JIHHeHHe HHTepBaJIa (Ba-
pHaHT C 3a.n:aHHbIM no.n:KJIlOqeHHeM u:ene:H: 3TIK) HJIH nponYCKa llIara 06.n:YBKH (BapHaHT co
cB060.n:HbIM no.n:KJIlOqeHHeM u:ene:H: 3TIK).
OCHOBHO:H: CXeMO:H: ynpaBJIeHHSI OqHCTKO:H: CTpeJIOK SlBJISlIOTCSI cxeMbI CqeTqHKOB e.AHHHU: H
Cqe'PIHKOB .n:eCSlTKOB, 06eCneqHBalOIl{He nOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHOe no.n:KJIlOqeHHe 3TIK CTpeJIOK B U:HK-
JIHqeCKOM pe)l(HMe HJIH BbI60pOqHOe no.n:KJIlOqeHHe 3TIK HY)l(HO:H: CTpeJIKH nOCJIe BbI60pa HOMe-
pa .n:eCSlTKa H e.n:HHHU:bI. C HaqaJIOM pa60TbI nYJIbC-napbI C peJIe 11M, I1H CqeTqHKH OE-4E
Cpa6aThIBalOT nOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO .n:pyr 3a .n:pyroM B nopSl.n:Ke B03pacTaHHSI HX HOMepoB, npHqeM B
nepBoM nOJIYU:HKJIe HX cpa6aTbIBaHHSI HMnYJIbCbI no.n:alOTCSI B u:enH 3TIK K O.n:HOMY 06paTHoMY
npOBO.n:y, a BO BTOpOM nOJIYU:HKJIe - B u:enH 3TIK, no.n:KJIlOqeHHbIX K .n:pyrOMY 06paTHOMY npo-
BO.n:y. TaKO:H: nOpSl)];OK pa60ThI CqeTqHKOB OE-4E 06eCneqHBaeT 3a .n:Ba nOJIYU:HKJIa no.n:KJIlOqe-
HHe 3TIK .n:eCSlTH CTpeJIOK. TIocJIe .n:BYX nOJIYU:HKJIOB pa60TbI CqeTqHKOB e.n:HHHU: npoHcxo.n:HT
Cpa6aThIBaHHe oqepe.n:Horo CqeTqHKa .n:eCSITKOB H pa60Ta CqeTqHKOB e.n:HHHU: nOBTopSleTCSI. KOH-
TaKTOM o.n:Horo H3 Haxo.n:SlI.QHXCSI no.n: TOKOM CqeTqHKOB .n:eCSlTKOB B u:enSlx BKJIIOqeHHSl3TIK npo-
HCXO.n:HT nOOqepe.n:Hoe no.n:KJIlOqeHHe KOHTaKTOB CqeTqHKOB e.n:HHHU: OE-4E, 06eCneqHBalOIl{HX
B onHcaHHOM BbIllIe nopSl.n:Ke KOMMYTaU:HIO u:ene:H: 3TIK Ka)l(,Z:(oro oqepe.n:Horo .n:eCSITKa CTpeJIOK.
CxeMa C 3a.n:aHHbIM nopSl.n:KoM no.n:KJIlOqeHHSI u:ene:H: 3TIK nocTpoeHa B .n:BYX BapHaHTax (CM.
Ta6JI. Ha pHC. 4.11). 3JIeKTpHqeCKHe cxeMbI rrpH KOJIHqeCTBe 3TIK OT 29 .AO 49 He HMelOT CY-
Il{eCTBeHHbIX OTJIHqH:H: OT BapHaHTa C KOJIWIeCTBOM 3TIK.n:0 29. TIpH BKJIlOqeHHH OqHCTKH CTpeJIOK
C Ha)l(aTHeM KHonKH :QO B036Y)I(.n:aeTcSI peJIe YTI, nonaeTCSI nHTaHHe B cxeMY peJIe 11M H B
nepBYIO u:enb 6JIOKHPOBKH CqeTqHKOB OE-4E H 0,n:-3,n: (0,n:-5,n:, BapHaHT 1-2). TIocJIe.n:o-
BaTeJIbHO cpa6aTbIBalOT peJIe 11M, MI1M, I1H reHepaTopa HMnYJIbCOB, a TaK)I(e CqeTqHKH OE H
O,n:. TIocJIe B036Y)I(,Z:(eHHSI CqeTqHKa OE cpa6aTbIBaeT peJIe PE (pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJIbHOe peJIe e.n:H-
HHU:), no.n:rOTaBJIHBaSl u:enb B036Y)l(,Z:(eHHSI CJIe.n:YIOIl{ero no nOpSl)];KY CqeTqHKa e.n:HHHU: 1 E. TIoc-
JIe.n:HHM no BpeMeHH cpa6aTbIBaeT peJIe B, KOTopoe, 3aMbIKaSl CBOH <!>POHTOBbIe KOHTaKTbI 31-
32 H 61-62, nO.AaeT nHTaHHe B no.n:rOTOBJIeHHYIO u:enb 3TIK, H.n:eT HYJIeBO:H: HMnYJIbC. TIo HC-
TeqeHHH BpeMeHH 3aMe.n:JIeHHSI 3a CqeT pa3pSl.n:a KOH.n:eHcaTopOB peJIe 11M OTnYCKaeT SlKOpb Ha
Bce BpeMSl3aMe.n:.rreHHSI peJIe I1H, KOTopoe 06eCneqHBaeT .n:.rrHTeJIbHOCTb HHTepBaJIa. B HaqaJIe
HHTepBaJIa qepe3 KOHTaKT 41-43 peJIe 11M C03.n:aeTCSI u:enb B036Y)I(.n:eHHSI CqeTqHKa 1 E, KOTO-
pbI:H: 6JIOKHPyeTcSI qepe3 CBO:H: KOHTaKT 31-32. Bo H36e)l(aHHe pa3pbIBa KOHTaKTOM 41-42
CqeTqHKa OE u:enH CqeTqHKa 1 E Ha BpeMSI 3aMbIKaHHSI H nepeJIeTa KOHTaKTOB 31-32 B uenH
6JIOKHpOBKH CqeTqHK OE npo.n:OJI)I(aeT nOJIyqaTb nHTaHHe no BTOpO:H: 6JIOKHPOBOqHO:H: u:enH Ha
BpeMSl3aMe.n:JIeHHSI Ha OTnanaHHe SlKOpSl peJIe MI1M (KoHTaKT 61-62 peJIe MI1M). TIocJIe qero
BbIKJIlOqaeTCSI peJIe I1H, ero KOHTaKT 41-43 3aMbIKaeT u:enb peJIe 11M, a 3aTeM peJIe MI1M H
B, H.n:eT nepBbI:H: HMnYJIbc. C HaqaJIa nepBoro HMnYJIbCa pa60Ta peJIe 11M, I1H, B nOBTopSleTcSI,
C03.n:aeTCSI u:enb pa60TbI 3TIK CTpeJIKH C HOMepOM 2.
PeJIe PE H P,n:, KOTopbIe npHTSlrHBalOT SlKOpb BO BpeMSI qeTHbIX HMnYJIbCOB H OCTalOTCSI non
TOKOM.n:O KOHu:a HHTepBarrOB, 06eCneqHBalOT B HaqaJIe Ka)l(,Z:(oro HHTepBarra nOOqepe.AHOe no.A-
KJIlOqeHHe u:ene:H: B036Y)I(.n:eHHSI qeTHbIX H HeqeTHbIX CqeTqHKOB, KOHTaKTaMH KOTOpbIX B 3a-
.n:aHHO:H: nOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHOCTH npOHcxo.n:HT no.n:KJIlOqeHHe u:erre:H: 3TIK. TIocJIe OTpa60TKH CqeT-
':lHKOB OE-4E (1 nOJIYUHKJI) B Haqarre HHTepBaJIa qepe3 KOHTaKTbI 31-33 CqeTqHKOB OE-4E
H <!>POHTOBO:H: KOHTaKT 81-82 peJIe PE B036Y)I(,Z:(aeTCSI peJIe MTI, a 3aTeM peJIe lErK. KOHTaK-
199

TOM :noro pene B Haqane BToporo nonYlI;HKna B cxeMe lI;eneM 3TIK OTKnIOqaeTCSI 06paTHbIM
npOBO,l:{ 10MM H OCTaeTCSI nO,l:{KnIOqeHHbIM 06paTHbIM npOBO,l:{ 20MM. B KOHlI;e BToporo no-
nYlI;HKna nocne B036Y)I(,l:{eHHSI CqeTqHKa 4E H pene PE BCTaeT no,l:{ TOK pene 1 MTI, KOTopoe B
Haqane cne,l:{YIOIl{ero HHTepmUIa BbIKnlOqaeT pene MTI, nocne qero ,l:{BOMHOM lI;HKn pa60TbI CqeT-
qHKOB OE-4E nOBTopSleTcSI. Qepe3 <ppOHTOBOM KOHTaKT 61-62 pene IMTI, TbInOBbIe KOHTaK-
TbI 31-33 pene OE-4E, <ppOHTOBOM KOHTaKT 81-82 pene PE H KOHTaKT 11-12 HnH 11-13
pene p,n: BCTaeT non TOK Oqepe,l:{HOM CqeTqHK ,l:{eCSlTKOB. Pene p,n: BCTaeT no,l:{ TOK qepe3 KOHTaKT
61-62 CqeTqHKOB ,l:{eCSlTKOB O,n:, 2,n:, 4,n: H KOHTaKT 41-42 pene IMTI (oKOHqaHHe pa60TbI
CqeTqHKOB e,l:{HHHlI; B ,l:{BYX nonYlI;HKnax). CqeTqHKH 3,n: H 5,n: (no BapHaHTY 1-1) <POpMHPYIOT
OKOHqaHHe nonHoro lI;HKna OqHCTKH cTpenoK. OHH B036Y)I(,l:{aIOTCSI COOTBeTCTBeHHO qepe3 CqeT-
qHKH 2,n:-4,n: OT Oqepe,l:{HOrO HMnynbca, 6noKHPYIOTCSI qepe3 CBOM c06cTBeHHbIM KOHTaKT ,l:{0
OKOHqaHHSI cne,l:{YIOIl{ero 3a 3THM HMnynbcoM HHTepBana H nepeKnlOqaeT cxeMY CqeTqHKa .Ae-
CSlTKOB Ha pene O,n:, nocne qero nOpSl,l:{OK pa60TbI Bcex pene nOBTopSleTcSI.
,n:nSl peanH3all;HH BbI60pOqHOrO pe)l(HMa OqHCTKH C nOMOIl{blO Tex )l(e CqeTqHKOB ,l:{eCSlTKOB H
e,l:{HHHlI; KOHTaKTbI KHonOK 0-9 Ha60pa HOMepOB CTpenOK nO,l:{KnlOqalOTCSI K 06Il{HM KOHTaK-
TaM pene,n:O (,n:Ol), TbInOBbIe KOHTaKTbI,n:O (,n:O 1) - K 06MoTKaM 1-4 CqeTqHKOB ,l:{eCSlTKOB,
a <ppOHTOBbIe KOHTaKTbI - K 06MoTKaM CqeTqHKOB e,l:{HHHlI;. BbI60p HOMepa cTpenKH ,l:{nSl BbI-
60POqHOM OqHCTKH B nepHo.A lI;HKnHqeCKOM pa60TbI ,l:{on)l(eH HaqHHaTbCSI B MOMeHT HHTepBarra
(naMna KO He ropHT), qTO ,l:{On)l(HO 6bITb OTpa)l(eHO B HHCTPYKlI;HH no nonb30BaHHIO YCTPOM-
CTBaMH. C :noro MOMeHTa pa60Ta CqeTqHKOB npeKpaIl{aeTCSI Ha BpeMSI HMnynbca BbI60pOqHOM
OqHCTKH.
TIpH Ha60pe ,l:{Byx3HaqHorO HOMepa CTpenKH C nepBbIM Ha)l(aTHeM KHonKH npOHCXO,l:{HT B03-
6Y)I(,[{eHHe COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{ero CqeTqHKa .AecSlTKoB H pene ,n:rK. C B036Y)I(,l:{eHHeM pene ,n:rK
qepe3 ero KOHTaKT 61-62 cpa6aTbIBaeT pene B,n:, a 3aTeM B036Y)l(,[{aeTCSI pene ,n:H. C onYCKa-
HHeM KHonKH pene ,n:rK 06eCTOqHTCSI H CBOHM TbInOBbIM KOHTaKTOM 61-63 BKnlOqHT pene
,n:0, ,n:Ol, KOHTaKTaMH KOTOpbIX lI;enH KHonOK 0-9 nepeKnlOqalOTCSI C 06MOTOK CqeTqHKOB
,l:{eCSlTKOB Ha 06MOTKH CqeTqHKOB e,l:{HHHlI;. TIpH 3TOM cxeMa C 3a,l:{aHHbIM nOpSl,l:{KOM nO.AKnlOqe-
HHSI lI;eneM 3TIK cTpenoK 06eCneqHBaeT onpe,l:{eneHHYIO nOCne,l:{OBaTenbHOCTb B036Y)l(,l:{eHHSI
CqeTqHKOB npH Ha)l(aTHH KHonOK 0-9: O-O,n:, 1-1,n:, 2-2,n:, 3-3,n:; ,l:{nSl CqeTqHKOB e,l:{HHHlI;
(BTopoe Ha)l(aTHe KHonOK 0-9) O-OE, 214-1E, 3/5- 2E, 4/6-3E, 7/9-4E. TIpH 3TOM lI;H<p-
pbI, YKa3aHHbIe B qHCnHTene, COOTBeTCTBYIOT e,l:{HHHlI;aM HOMepOB CTpenOK, 3TIK KOTOpbIX no,l:{-
KJIlOqalOTCSI K 06paTHOMY npOBO,l:{y 10MM (pene rErK 6e3 TOKa), a lI;H<PPbI, YKa3aHHbIe B 3Ha-
MeHaTene, COOTBeTCTBYIOT e,l:{HHHlI;aM HOMepOB CTpenOK, 3TIK KOTOpbIX nO,l:{KnlOqalOTCSI K 06-
paTHoMY npOBO,l:{y 20MM (pene 2ErK 6e3 TOKa).
TaKoM nOpSl,l:{OK nO,l:{KnlOqeHHSI KHonOK 0-9 K 06MoTKaM CqeTqHKOB OE-4E onpe,l:{enSleT
cooTBeTCTByroIl{HM nOpSl.lJ:OK nO,l:{KJIlOqeHHSI lI;eneM 3TIK K KOHTaKTaM CqeTqHKOB OE-4E B Ka)l(,[{OM
,l:{eCSlTKe HOMepOB cTpenoK H 06eCneqHBaeT B H36HpaTenbHoM pe)l(HMe BbI60p lI;enH 3TIK CTpenKH
Ha60poM ee HOMepa, a B lI;HKnHqeCKOM pe)l(HMe noOqepe,l:{HbIM (KpoMe nepBoro rnara 011) 06-
,l:{YB cTpenoK qeTHOM H HeqeTHOM ropnoBHHbI H ynpaBneHHe no O,l:{HOM )l(Hne Ka6enSl ,l:{BYMSI
3TIK B ropnoBHHe no cxeMe C ,l:{BYMSI 06paTHbIMH npOBO,l:{aMH (qHCnHTenb - 06paTHbIM npo-
BO,l:{ 1 OMM, 3HaMeHaTenb - 06paTHbIM npOBO,l:{ 2 OMM).
CxeMa lI;eneM BKnlOqeHHSI 3TIK npH 3a,l:{aHHOM nOpSl,l:{Ke HX nO,l:{KnlOqeHHSI SlBnSleTCSI 06Il{eM
,l:{nSl lI;HKnHqeCKoro H H36HpaTenbHoro pe)l(HMoB. TIpH HopManbHoM pa60Te YCTPOMCTB <pPOH-
TOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH pene KO naMna 3a)l(HraeTCSI Ha BpeMSI HMnynbca H raCHeT BO BpeMSI HH-
TepBana, npH HapyrneHHH lI;enH 3TIK (He cpa6aTbIBaeT pene KO) naMnbI [(0 HnH BO HaqHHa-
lOT MHraTb (KOHTponb pa60TbI 3TIK). Y,l:{nHHeHHe HHTepBana nocne OqHCTKH CTpenOK C ,l:{BYMSI
3TIK OCYIl{eCTBnSleTCSI KOHTaKTaMH pene MTI, 0,n:-4,n: H OE-4E. EcnH y,l:{nHHeHHe HHTepBarra
,l:{enaeTCSI nocne cTpenoK, HOMep KOTOpbIX B pa3pSl,l:{e e,l:{HHHlI; HMeeT QH<PPbI 0, 2,3,6, 7, TO
pene YI1 BKnlOqaeTCSI COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HMH KOHTaKTaMH pene 0,n:-04 H OE-4E qepe3 TbInO-
BOM KOHTaKT pene MTI, a ecnH B HOMepe CTpenOK B pa3pSl,l:{e e,l:{HHHlI; CTOSIT lI;H<PPbI 1, 4, 5,
8, 9 - qepe3 <ppOHTOBOM KOHTaKT pene MTI.
200

TIpH He06xo.n:HMOCTH ranbBaHHqeCKOrO pa3.n:eneHHSI u:ene:H: 3TIK no ycnoBHSlM 3aIl{HTbI OT
BnHSlHHSI KOHTaKTHO:H: ceTH :meKTpOTSlrH nepeMeHHoro TOKa nOCTpoeHHe :nHX u:ene:H: .n:omKHO
BblIIonHSlTbCSI pa3.n:enbHO no ropnOBHHaM C Hcnonb30BaHHeM nOBTopHTene:H: pene CqeTqHKOB
e.n:HHHU: H .n:eCSlTKOB.
O.n:HO:H: H3 Ba)l(HbIX 3a.n:aq, 06eCneqHBalOIl{HX 3HaqHTenbHoe COKpaIl{eHHe pene H peanH3ye-
MbIX nporpaMMHO B KTC YK B CHCTeMe 3[(-MTIK, SlBnSleTCSI aBTOMaTHqeCKaSl OqHCTKa CTpe-
nOK. 060Py.n:OBaHHe YCTpO:H:CTB OqHCTKH CTpenOK 06eCneqHBaeT y.n:aneHHe CHera H3 30HbI cTpe-
nO[:lHoro nepeBo.n:a nocpe.n:CTBOM C)I(aToro B03.n:yxa. TeXHHqeCKH :no Tpe6yeT: CTpOHTenbCTBa
KOMnpeCCOpHO:H:; npOKna.n:KH no CTaHU:HH Tpy60npOBo.n:a; YCTaHOBKH Ha CTpenOqHOM nepeBo.n:e
3neKTponHeBMaTHqeCKHX KnanaHOB (3TIK) .n:nSl no.n:aqH C)I(aTOrO B03.n:yxa H cxeMbI ynpaBne-
HHSI 3TIK. TIo.n:aqa B03.n:yxa ocymecTBnSleTCSI HH,[{HBH.n:yanbHo Ha BbI6paHHYlO CTpenKY lUIH U:HK-
nHqeCKH B 06nerqeHHOM, HopManbHOM HnH YCHneHHOM pe)l(HMax. 06eCneqeHHe U:HKnHqeCKO-
ro 06.n:YBa CTpenOK B YKa3aHHbIX pe)l(HMaX B CYIl{eCTBYIOIl{HX cxeMax pene:H:HbIX 3[( nOTpe60-
Bano C03.n:aHHSI pene:H:HOrO pacnpe.n:enHTenSl, nocne.n:OBaTenbHO ynpaBnSlIOIl{ero 3TIK, a Bpe-
MeHHO:H: pernaMeHT, onpe.n:enSlIOIl{H:H: pe)l(HMbI, <!>opMHpyeTcSI KOH.n:eHcaTOpHO:H: CXeMO:H:. HH3-
KaSl Haue)I(HOCTh :meKTpOmUHqeCKHX KOH,[{eHCaTopoB Cny)l(HT npHqI1HO:H: HapyrneHH:H: HopManbHO:H:
3KcnnyaTaU:HH. KpoMe Toro, 60nbllIoe KOnHqeCTBO pene cxeMbI ynpaBneHHSl3aTpy.n:HSleT nOHCK
OTKa30B. K qHcny .n:pyrHx He.n:OCTaTKOB cYIl{eCTBYIOIl{e:H: cxeMbI MO)l(HO OTHeCTH TaK)I(e BbICO-
KYIO MaTepHano- H 3HeproeMKOCTb (HanpHMep, Ha CTaHU:HH B 15-18 cTpenoK 060py.n:oBaHHe
cxeMbI OqHCTKH 3aHHMaeT oT.n:enbHbI:H: CTaTHB pene 1 Knacca).
CxeMa ynpaefleHWl ycmpoucmeaMu Of.JUCmKU cmpeflOK B pene:H:HO-npou:eccOPHO:H: CHCTeMe 3[(-
MTIK npeTepnena CYIl{eCTBeHHbIe H3MeHeHHSI. AnropHTM ynpaBneHHSI YCTpO:H:CTBaMH OqHCTKH
CTpenOK peanH30BaH B KTC YK H npe.n:ycMaTpHBaeT TaK)I(e .n:Be nporpaMMbI: U:HKnHqeCKO:H: H
BbI60pOqHO:H: OqHCTKH. BpeMeHHbIe napaMeTpbI pe)l(HMOB COCTaBnSlIOT: HopMaflbH020 - .n:nH-
TenbHOCTb .n:YTbSl4 C H HHTepBan 2 c; YCUfleHH020 - .n:nHTenbHOCTb .n:YTbSl 5 C H I1HTepBan 0,6 c;
06fle2f.JeHH020 - .n:nHTenbHOCTb .n:YTbSl 4 C 11 HHTepBan 6 c. TIpH U:HKnI1qeCKO:H: OqHCTKe KOHTpon-
nep KTC YK BbIIIonHSleT noOqepe.n:Hoe BKJIlOqeHHe BbIXO.n:OB KTC YK B u:enSlx ynpaBneHHSl3TIK,
peanH3YSl TeM caMbIM <!>YHKU:HIO pene:H:HOrO pacnpe.n:enHTenSl. YBSl3Ka BbIXO.n:OB KTC YK C YCT-
pO:H:CTBaMH OqHCTKH OCYIl{eCTBnSleTCSI B u:enSlx ynpaBneHHSl3TIK (pHC. 4.12). ,n:ononHHTenbHo
Hcnonb3YIOTCSI.n:Ba BbIxo.n:a YCTpO:H:CTB conpIDKeHHSI. ,n:nSl H3MeHeHI1S1 nonSlpHocTH nHTaHHSI B u:enSlx
3TIK Hcnonb3YIOTcSI.n:Ba BbIxo.n:a (BKnlOqeHHe pene TITI H TIM). ,n:H<!><!>epeHU:HaU:HSI OqHCTKH no
pe)l(HMaM peanH30BaHa B KTC YK nporpaMMHbIM nyreM. B APM ,n:CTI .n:nSl n1060:H: H3 cTpenoK
MO)l(eT YCTaHaBnHBaTbCSI BbI60pOqHbI:H: pe)l(HM 06.n:YBKH, a BpeMeHHbIe napaMeTpbI 6y.n:YT 3a.n:aHbI
nporpaMMHbIM cnoc060M B KTC YK. TIpH BbI60pOqHO:H: OqHCTKe cTpenKa OqHIl{aeTCSI O.n:HH pa3 B
TeqeHHe 6-8 C nocne Ha60pa HOMepa CTpenKH. TIo.n:KnlOqeHHe 3TIK CTpenOK OCYIl{eCTBnSleTCSI C
nOMOIl{blO KOMMYTaTopOB TII10 H KOHTaKTOB pene TITI lUIH TIM. KOMMYTaTopbI TII10 KOMMYTH-
PYIOT u:enH npSlMbIx npoBo.n:oB, a KOHTaKTaMH pene TIM H TITI OCYIl{eCTBnSleTCSI I13MeHeHHe no-
nSlpHocTH HanpSl)l(eHHSI, no.n:aBaeMoro K 3TIK cTpenKH. C u:enblO KOHTponSl OqHCTKH cTpenoK B
u:enb nHTaHHSl3TIK BKnlOqeHO pene KO. YnpaBneHHe OqHCTKO:H: cTpenoK ,n:CTI oCYIl{eCTBnSleT
rryTeM BbI60pa B Memo COOTBeTCTByromero rryHKTa: mnornqeCKaSllUrn BbI60pOqHaSl OqHCTKa crpenOK.
TIpH U:HKnHqeCKO:H: OqHCTKe CTpenOK ,n:CTI BbI6HpaeT eIl{e H pe)l(HM OqHCTKH. BbIKnlOqeHHe OqH-
CTKH npOH3Bo.n:HTCSI nYTeM BbI60pa B MeHIO nYHKTa «BbIKnlOqeHHe OqHCTKH CTpenOK».
4.6. Orpa)KJJ.eHHe COCTaBOB Ha CTaHIJ,HOHHbIX nYTHx
Y CTpO:H:CTBaMH .n:HCTaHU:HOHHoro orpa)l(,[{eHHSI.n:on)l(HbI 060py.n:oBaTbcSI TonbKO Te nYTH, Ha
KOTOpbIX OCMOTp H peMOHT COCTaBOB npOH3BO.ASlTCSI CHCTeMaTHqeCKH. TIYTH cnyqa:H:HOrO oc-
MOTpa 060py.n:YIOTCSI pyqHbIMH CHrHanaMH. B qHCno nYTe:H:, 060py.n:yeMbIx YCTpO:H:CTBaMH or-
pa)l(,[{eHHSI, KaK npaBI1nO, He .n:on)l(HbI BKnlOqaTbCSI rnaBHbIe nYTH, nYTH 6e30CTaHOBOqHOrO npo-
nYCKa, 06rOHHbIe nYTH, T.e. Te nYTI1, Ha3HaqeHHe KOTOpbIX He .n:onYCKaeT 3aHSlTHe HX B Teqe-
HHe .n:nHTenbHoro BpeMeHH.
14 11. fl. Porae.a
201

KO
IIE-3IIK 13IIK
ME-3IIK 23IIK
IIM IIII 33IIK
I 43IIK
I
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PHC. 4.12. CxeMa ynpaBneHHfl OqHCTKOH cTpenoK 3Q-MIIK
TIpHH}lTbJ cne.AYIOID;He cnoc06bI orpa)l(.AeHH}l COCTaBOB Ha CTaHH}lx:
- C nOMoID;blO C1IeHanbHo YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX CMrHanOB orpa)l{):(eHH}l- npHMeH}leTC}l.lLJUl CTaHHM
(napKOB) C PyqHbIM ynpaBJIeHHeM crpenOK IUlH 3U; 6e3 MaHeBpOBblx CBeTOclJOpOB (pHC. 4.13, a).
- C nOMOID;blO HCKJIlOqeHH}l3a.AaHH}l MapmpYToB Ha orpa)l{):(aeMble nYTH B ycrpOMCTBax 3U; -
npHMeH}leTC}l.AJI}l CTaHHM H napKoB, rJI;e MapmpYTH3HpOBaHbI Bce nepe.ABH)I(eHH}l (pHC. 4.13, 6).
- C nOMOID;blO nepeBO.Aa eHTpaJIH30BaHHblx cTpenoK B oxpaHHoe nOnO)l(eHHe H HX 3aMbIKa-
HH}l- npHMeH}leTC}l.AJI}l Orpa)l()];eHH}l nYTeM co CTOpOHbI ropnoBHHbI, 060pY.AyeMoM YCTPOM-
CTBaMH 3U;, H paMoHoB C MaHeBpoBoM BblmKoM (pHC. 4.13, 6) HnH .An}l Orpa)l()];eHH}l OTnpaBOq-
HbIX nYTeM nOJI;rOpOqHbIX napKOB co CTOpOHbJ rOpKH, 060PY.AOBaHHOM YCTpOMCTBaMH ropoq-
HOM eHTpanH3aHH.
113 BblmenepeqHCneHHbIX cnoc060B caMbIM npHeMneMbIM }lBn}leTC}l BTOpOM cnoc06 orpa)l(-
.AeHH}l. Cnoc06 orpa)l(.AeHH}l C nOMOID;blO HCKnlOqeHH}l3a.AaHH}l MapmpYTOB HaH60nee npo-
CTOM, 3KOHOMHqHbIM H JIOCTaTOqHO Ha.Ae)l(HbIM. O.AHaKO 3TOT cnoc06 MO)l(HO npHMeHHTb Tonb-
KO Ha CTaHH}lX C 3U;, r.Ae MapmpyrH3HpoBaHbI Bce nOe3.AHble H MaHeBpOBble nepeJI;BH)I(eHH}l.
y CTaHOBKa CneHaJIbHbIX cBeToclJopoB orpa)l(.AeHH}l }lBn}leTC}l H3nHmHeM, clJYHKHH CHrHaJIOB
orpa)l(JIeHH}l BbIIIOnH}lIOT cBeToclJopbI 3U;.
Ha CTaHH}lX YCTpOMCTBa Orpa)l()];eHH}l BKnlOqalOT B ce6}l nynbT onepaTopa TITO H peneM-
HYIO annaparyPY, pacnOnO)l(eHHYIO Ha nOCTY 3U;. B CHCTeMe 3U;-If cxeMbI Orpa)l()];eHH}l CTpO-
}lTC}l C npHMeHeHHeM 6nOKa 0 rx3- If, KOTOpbIM CO.Aep)l(HT TPH KOMrrneKTa arrnaparypbl. Ha Ka)l{):(bIM
orpa)l()];aeMbIM nYTb Ha nynbTe TITO npe.AYCMaTpHBaeTC}l KHonKa 3anpoca orpa)l(.AeHH}l 03 H
KpaCHa}l naMna. Ha nynbTe ,n:CTI YCTaHaBnHBaeTC}l O.AHa Ha CTaHHIO rpynnOBa}l KHonKa co-
rnaCH}l rcor H KpaCHa}l naMna Ha Ka)l()];bIM orpa)l(.AaeMbIM nYTb. TIpH He06xo.AHMOCTH orpa)l(-
.AeHH}l onepaTop TITO 3anpamHBaeT pa3pemeHHe Ha)l(aTHeM KHonKH 03, B pe3ynbTaTe qero Ha
nocTY 3U; oTnycKaeT }lKOpb pene 03 (pHC. 4.14). KpacHbIe naMnbI Ha nynbTe TITO H Ha nocry
3U; 3arOpalOTC}l MHralOID;HM CBeTOM. MHralOID;HM KOMrrneKT Ha naHenH nHTaHH}l TIP-3U;K (Ha
cxeMe He nOKa3aH) 3anYCKaeTC}l KOHTaKTOM pene 03B, KOTopoe cpa6aTbIBaeT nocne BbIKJIlOqe-
HH}l pene 3anpoca 03.
,n:e)l(}'pHbIM nOCTa 3U; Ha)l(HMaeT rpynnoBYIO KHonKY COrnaCH}l rcor H OJI;HOBpeMeHHo O.AHY
H3 KHonOK BbIXOJIHbIX cBeToclJopoB. orpa)l(JI;alOID;HX 3TOT nYTb. ECJIH 3anpamMBaeMbIM nYTb He
202


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5II H35 117
3II 45 H
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PHC. 4.13. )J,HcTaHQHOHHOe orpa)l(eHHe COCTaBOB Ha CTaHQHflX:
a - C pyqHbIM ynpaBneHHeM cTpenKaMH; 6 - C MaprnpYTH3HpoBaHHbIMH nepeBH)I(eHHflMH; 6 -C MeCT-
HbIM ynpaBneHHeM CTpenKaMH
nepe.A aH Ha MeCTHOe ynpaBneHHe, TO C npOBepKOH OTCYTCTBH}l 3a.AaHHbIX MaprnpYTOB Ha nYTb
H C nYTH cpa6aTbIBaeT pene COrnaCH}l cor qepe31l>poHTOBOH KOHTaKT rpynnoBoro pene or-
paJK.n;eHH}l ror. TbInOBbIM KOHTaKTOM pene cor BbIKmOqaeTC}l pene orpaJK.AeHH}l or. Kpac-
HbIe naMnbl Ha nocTY 3IJ, H nYHKTe TITO 3arOpalOTC}l pOBHbIM CBeTOM. MCKnlOqeHHe 3a.n;aHH}l
MaprnpYToB Ha nYTb H C nYTH oCYIIJ;eCTBn}leTC}l pa3MbIKaHHeM enH KOHTponbHo-ceKHoHHbIX
pene KC Il>POHTOBbIM KOHTaKTOM pene or. ,n:n}l HCKnlOqeHH}l nepe.AaqH nYTH Ha MeCTHoe yn-
paBneHHe npH .ABOHHOM ynpaBneHHH CTpenKaMH, npHMbIKalOIIJ;HMH K nYTH, B enb HaqanbHOrO
pene 6nOKa MYTIx2-M BKnlOqaeTC}lll>poHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene or (Ha pHC. 4.14 cxeMa Haqanb-
Horo pene He npHBe.n;eHa).
OTMeHa orpaJK.AeHH}l nYTH npOH3BO.AHTC}l onepaTopOM TITO nYTeM B03BpaIIJ;eHH}l KHonKH
03 B HCXO.AHOe nOnOJKeHHe (BbIT}lrHBaHHeM KHonKH). TIpH 3TOM B 6noKe Orx3-M cpa60TaeT
pene 03, KOTopoe TbInOBbIM KOHTaKTOM BbIKJIlOqHT pene cor, a Il>POHTOBbIM KOHTaKTOM BKJIIO-
qHT pene or. CxeMa orpaJK.AeHH}l COCTaBOB Ha nYT}lX npHXO.AHT B HCXO.AHOe COCTO}lHHe.
B CHCTeMax EMPIJ, H Y3IJ,-M Ha KaJK.AbIH nYTb npe.AycMaTpHBaeTC}l KHonKa COrnaCH}l or-
paJK,ZJ;eHH}l cor. MCKJIlOqeHHe 3a.AaHH}l MaprnpYToB Ha nYTb H C nYTH npoH3Bo.n;HTC}l KOHTaKTa-
MH pene or B enH pene B3 6noKoB C cTpenoK, npHMbIKalOIIJ;HX K orpaJK.AaeMbIM nYT}lM.
B CHCTeMe 3IJ,-MTIK Ha 6a3e nporpaMMHpyeMbIx KOHTponnepoB nopMoK orpaJK.n;eHH}l co-
CTaBOB COXpaH}leTC}l 6e3 H3MeHeHHH. MCKJIlOqeHHe COCTaBn}leT nop}l.AOK ynpaBneHH}l C APM
,n:CTI. TIpH 3TOM ynpaBn}llOIIJ;ee B03.AeHCTBHe OT APM ,n:CTI peanH3yeTC}l B KTC-YK B BH.Ae
ynpaBn}lIOIIJ;HX B03.AeHCTBHH Ha 6noK or. TIO.AKnlOqeHHe YCO no ynpaBneHHIO BblIIonHeHO K
TOqKaM nO.AKnlOqeHH}l cooTBeTcTBYIOIIJ;HX KHonOK orpaJK.AeHH}l nYTH.
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PHC. 4.14. CxeMa orpa)l(eHHfl COCTaBOB Ha nYTH
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4.7. Y CTpoHcTBa onOBeUJ,eHHH MOHTepoB nYTH
BBeJI;eHHe Ha CTaHlmlX aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO onOBeweHH}l HMeeT enblo npH m06bIX norOJI;-
HbIX ycnOBH}lX, a TaKJKe B ycnOBH}lX rrpOH3BOJI;CTBeHHbIX rnYMOB 06eCneqHTb xopornylO BHJI;H-
MOCTb H cnbIrnHMOCTb CHrHana OnOBell.{eHH}l. )J;n}l 3Toro npHMeHeHbI OnTHqeCKaSl H aKYCTH-
qeCKaSl CHrHanH3aI.(H}l.
TIpH HanHqHH Ha CTaHHH rnnaHrOBOH: OqHCTKH WI}l nyqrnero BOCnpH}lTH}l aKYCTHqeCKOrO
CHrHana rnnaHrOBa}l OqHCTKa OTKnIOqaeTC}l C MOMeHTa nocTynneHH}l CHrHana OnOBell.{eHH}l.
Y CTpOH:CTBa OnOBell.{eHHSI nOBbIrnalOT 6e30naCHOCTb MOHTepOB nYTH, 06eCneqHBa}l CBoeBpe-
MeHHoe npe.AynpeJK.AeHHe 0 npH6nHJKeHHH nOe3JI;a.
CHrHan OnOBell.{eHH}l 0 npH6nHJKeHHH nO.ABHJKHOrO COCTaBa, cne.AYIOll.{ero no pa3pernalO-
ll.{HM nOKa3aHH}lM nOe3JI;HbIX CHrHanOB, nO.AaeTC}l He MeHee qeM 3a 50 C JI;O ero nO}lBneHH}l Ha
oXpaHHOH: CTpenKe. OnpeJI;eneHHe BpeMeHH H3Bell.{eHH}l 0 npH6nHJKeHHH nOJI;BHJKHOrO COCTaBa
K MecTY pa60ThI MOHTepa nYTH npOH3Be}leHO Ha OCHOBaHHH paCqeTa BpeMeHH, He06xo.AHMOrO
MOHTepy nYTH .AJI}l y60pKH HHcTpYMeHTa H yxoJI;a C nYTeH: B 6e30nacHoe MeCTO.
B CUCTeMax 3lJ, npe.AycMaTpHBaeTC}l YB}l3Ka C JI;BYM}l THnaMH ycrpOH:CTB OnOBell.{eHH}l MOHTepoB
nYTH: C Ka6enbHbIMH YCTpOH:CTBaMH C npHMeHeHHeM CHrHaJIH3aTOpoB H KonOHOK nO}lKJIlOqe-
HH}l H C annapaTypOH: CHCTeMbI «CHpeHa - CM» C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM paJI;HOKaHaJIa.
Ka6eJlbHWe ycmpoiicm6a ono6ew.eHUR .MOHmep06 nymu. Y CTpOH:CTBa 06eCneqHBalOT no-
JI;aqy CHrHana OnOBell.{eHHSI 0 npH6JIHJKeHHH nO.ABHJKHOrO COCTaBa K MecTY pa60T H CHrHana
KOHTpOn}l HcnpaBHoCTH YCTpOH:CTB OnOBell.{eHH}l. CHrHaJI OnOBell.{eHH}l nOJI;aeTC}l He MeHee qeM
3a 50 C JI;O npH6nHJKeHH}l nOe3JI;a K oXpaHHOH: 30He. OnOBell.{eHHe CHHMaeTC}l nocne OCB060JK-
JI;eHHSI H pa3MbIKaHH}l CTpeJIOqHOH: CeKl.(liH, Ha KOTOpOH: BeJI;YTC}l pa60TbI. TIpH MaHeBpoBbIX
nepe.ABHJKeHH}lX CHrHaJI OnOBell.{eHH}l nOJI;aeTCSI C MOMeHTa OTKpbITH}l cBeToll>opa, pa3pernalO-
ll.{ero npOe3.A no OXpaH}leMOH: CTpenKe.
CHrHanoM OnOBell.{eHH}l cnYJKHT HenpepblBHbIH: aKycTHqeCKHH: H OnTHqeCKHH: CHrHan.
B KaqeCTBe HCTOqHHKa OnTHqeCKOH: CHrHaJIH3al.(HH npHMeHeHa JIaMna HaKaJIHBaHH}l, YCTaHaB-
nHBaeMaSl B CHrHaJIbHOM 6JIOKe nepeHocHoro H cTaHOHapHoro CHrHaJIH3aTopa. B KaqeCTBe
HCTOqHHKa aKYCTHqeCKOH: CHrHaJIH3aHH npHMeHeH peBYH. qHcTHnbll.{HK no Mepe npO.ABHJKe-
HH}l OT cTpenKH K CTpeJIKe, nepeCTaBn}leT 6nOK nepeHocHoro CHrHaJIH3aTOpa-c O.AHOH: KonOHKH
nOJI;KJIlOqeHH}l Ha JI;PyrylO.
Y CTpOH:CTBa OnOBell.{eHHSI pa60TalOT aBTOMaTHqeCKH npH JI;BHJKeHHIi nOe3.Aa no pa3pernalO-
ll.{HM OrH}lM CTaHWioHHbIX cBeToll>opOB. TIpH JI;BHJKeHHH nO}lBHJKHOrO COCTaBa no npHrnaCHTeJIb-
HOMY CHrHaJIY HnH 6e3 pa3pernalOll.{HX nOKa3aHHH: cBeToll>opoB OnOBell.{eHHe MOHTepOB nYTH
B03JIaraeTCSI Ha )J;CTI H OCYll.{eCTBn}leTC}l HaJKaTHeM COOTBeTCTByIOll.{eH: KHonKH Ha nynbTe-MaHH-
nymITope. TIpH 3TOM CHrHaJI OnOBell.{eHH}l nO.AaeTC}l Ha Bce cTpenKH JI;aHHOH: rOpJIOBHHbI.
PaCCMOTpHM pa60TY cxeMbI OnOBell.{eHH}l MOHTepOB nYTH 0 npH6JIHJKeHHH nOe3JI;OB B CHC-
TeMe 3lJ,-M. YBSl3Ka 3lJ,-M C YCTpOH:CTBaMH OnOBell.{eHHSI MOHTepOB nYTH OCYll.{eCTBJISleTCSI C
nOMOll.{blO 6JIOKa MTIx3-M no l.(enH MTI, nOCTpOeHHOH: no nJIaHY cTaHHH, H rpynnoBoro KOM-
nJIeKTa pene (pHC. 4.15, BKneH:Ka).
B KaJK}lbIH: KOMnJIeKT 6JIOKa MTIx3- M BXOJI;}lT pene: KHM - KOHTpOn}l HanHqHSI MOHTepa
nYTH Ha CTpenOqHOH: CeKI.(HH; OM - OnOBell.{eHH}l MOHTepOB; BC - BKJIlOqeHHSI CHrHana.
B COCTaB rpynnoBoro KOMnneKTa BXOJI;}lT: HBKO (qBKO) - 06ll.{ee BKJIlOqalOll.{ee pene,
KOTopoe 3anYCKaeT KOMnneKTbI BbI.AepJKKH BpeMeHH npH 3a.AaHHH MaprnpYTa H HaJIHqHH MOH-
TepOB Ha nYTH HnH npH HaJKaTHH KHonOK HBO (qBO); HBBM (qBBM), HIBBM (qlBBM)
- cTa6HnHTpoHHbIe 6noKH H pene BbI):{epJKKH BpeMeHH (cooTBeTcTBeHHo Ha 50 H 5 c); PPM-
pene pa3perneHH}l pa60T, cpa6aTblBalOll.{ee npH HaJKaTHH KHonKH PPM; OPPM - 06paTHbIH:
nOBTOpHTeJIb pene PPM, cpa6aTbIBalOll.{HH: qepe3 50 C nocne BbIKJIlOqeHH}l pene PPM Ii nepe-
KnlOqalOll.{HH: rnHHY 06ll.{eH: BbI):{epJKKH BpeMeHH TIOB Ha rnHHY TIMB; BPPM - BcnOMora-
TeJIbHOe peJIe, KOTopoe CJIYJKHT .AJI}l3anycKa 6JIOKa MaHeBpOBOH: BbI):{epJKKH; BBMr, BBMrl,
MrO, BMr - pene, 06eCneqHBalOll.{He HMnynbcHoe nHTaHHe B rnliHax TIXMr, JITIM. KpoMe
15 11. 11. POraQeB3
205

Toro, B CXeMaX OnOBeI.QeHlUI MOHTepOB nYTH Hcnonb3yeTC}l .AOnOnHHTenbHoe pene B, Haxo.n:}l-
I.QeeC}l B 6nOKe CIl-If.
IlpH OTCYTCTBHH pa60T no OqHCTKe CTpenOK Ha CTaHl.(HH pene BC B 6nOKe Mllx3-If Haxo-
.AHTC}l no.A TOKOM, OCTanbHbIe pene 6nOKa BbIKmOqeHbI. llepe.A BbIXO.n:OM MOHTepOB nYTH B paH:-
OH OqHCTKH CTpenOK JJ:CIl HaJKHMaeT KHonKY PPM, Il>POHTOBbIM KOHTaKTOM pene PPM 3aMbI-
KalOTC}ll.(enb nHTaHH}l Bbmp}lMHTenbHoro 6nOKa (Ha cxeMe He nOKa3aHO) H pene KOMnneKTa
MHraHH}l. B IIIHHax JIll, JIIlM, IlXr, IlXMr, oxr H JIM nO}lBn}leTC}l nHTaHHe. Ilocne no.A-
KJIlOqeHH}l cHrHanH3aTopa K KonOHKe B 6noKe Mllx3-If cpa6aTbIBaeT pene KHM. <1>pOHTOBbIM
KOHTaKTOM pene KHM 3aMbIKaeT I.(enb peBYHa H naMnbI CHrHallH3aTopa. EcnH MapIIIpYT He I
YCTaHOBneH, cpa6aTbIBalOT pene 3M, OM cooTBeTcTBYIOI.QeH: CeKI.(HH H Ha cHrHanH3aTop no- ,
cTynalOT KOHTponbHbIe CHrHanbI. Pene BC, Il>poHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI KOToporo BBe.n:eHbI B CHr-
HallbHYIO I.(enb, BbIKnlOqaeTC}l. IlpH 3a.n:aHHH MapIIIpYTa pene 3M BbIKnlOqaeTC}l H, ecnH B no- I
e3.n:HOM MapIIIpYTe yqaCTOK npH6nHJKeHH}l cB060.AeH, pene OM OCTaeTC}l no.n: TOKOM qepe3 c06-
CTBeHHbIH: KOHTaKT no l.(enH MOHTepOB nYTH (I.(enb 19), nocTpOeHHOH: no rrnaHY CTaHI.(HH. B Haqane
MapIIIpYTa B l.(enH MOHTepoB nYTH BKnlOqeHbI Il>poHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI pene H, KC H Ifll. qepe3
TbInOBbIe KOHTaKTbI pene 3M H BC no IIIHHe HB (qB) cpa6aTbIBaeT pene B B 6noKe CIl-If. 110
IIIHHe 3KM B036YJK.n:aeTC}l pene HBKO (qBKO), KOTopoe 3anycKaeT KOMnneKTbI BbI.n:epJKKH
BpeMeHH Ha 5 H 50 c. Ilocne cpa6aTbIBaHH}l5-ceKYH.D:HOrO KOMnneKTa no IIIHHe lBC cpa6aTbI-
BaeT pene BC H 3aMbIKaeT cHrHanbHYIO I.(enb, cBeToll>op oTKpOeTC}l 6e3 BbI.n:epJKKH BpeMeHH. C
3aH}lTHeM yqaCTKa npH6nHJKeHH}l pene OM BbIKnlOqHTC}l. TbInOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH pene OM
no.n:KnlOqHT HenpepbIBHoe nHTaHHe K CHrHallH3aTopy. MOHTepy nYTH noii.n:eT H3BeI.QeHHe.
EcnH npH 3a.AaHHH nOe3.AHOrO MapIIIpYTa yqaCTOK npH6nHJKeHH}l6bIn 3aH}lT, TO K MOMeHTY
nO}lBneHH}l nHTaHH}l B IIIHHe lBC (qepe3 5 c) pene OM 6y.n:eT BbIKnlOqeHO H pene BC cpa60Ta-
eT qepe3 50 C no IIIHHe BC, cBeToll>op oTKpOeTC}l C BbI.D:epJKKOH: BpeMeHH. Ilocne cpa6aTbIBa-
HH}l pene BC pene B BbIKnlOqaeTC}l, OTKnlOqaeTC}l nHTaHHe B IIIHHe 3KM. CxeMbI KOMnneKTOB
BbI):{epJKKH BpeMeHH npHXO.A}lT B HCXO.AHOe COCTO}lHHe. Il}lTHceKYH.AHa}l BbI.AepJKKa BpeMeHH
npH no.n:aqe nHTaHH}l B IIIHHY lBC npH 3a.n:aHHH nOe3.AHOrO MapIIIpYTa He06xo.n:HMa .n:n}l HC-
KnlOqeHH}l cpa6aTbIBaHH}l pene BC npH 3aH}lTOM yqaCTKe npH6nHJKeHH}l H nOTepH IIIYHTa B
MOMeHT 3a.AaHH}l MapIIIpYTa.
EcnH BO BpeM}l OTCqeTa 6noKoM EBMIll50-ceKYH.AHoH: BbI.AepJKKH BpeMeHH 6y.n:eT 3a.n:aH
.APyroH MapIIIpYT, TO CHrHall 3Toro MapIIIpYTa OTKpOeTC}l nocne OCB060JK.AeHH}l KOMnneKTa
BbI):{epJKKH BpeMeHH H nOBTopHoro ero cpa6aTbIBaHH}l. CH}lTHe H3BeI.QeHH}l npOHCXO.AHT nocne
npOCne.AOBaHH}l :nOH: CeKI.(HH H ee pa3MbIKaHH}l. B peJKHMe aBTO.AeH:CTBH}l CH}lTHe H3BeI.QeHH}l
npOHCXOllHT nocne npOCne,llOBaHH}l nOe3.Aa no BceMY MapIIIpYTY H cpa6aTbIBaHH}l pene KC. B
MaHeBpOBbIX MapIIIpYTax B I.(enb cxeMbI OnOBeI.QeHH}l MOHTepOB nYTH (MIl) nHTaHHe He nOlla-
eTC}l, n03TOMY cBeToll>opbI Bcer.n:a OTKpbIBaIOTC}l C BbI):{pJKKOH: BpeMeHH 50 c.
IlpH HaJKaTHH KHonKH HBO (qBO) CHHMaeTC}l nHTaHHe C IIIHHbI IlBO, BbIKnlOqalOTC}l pene
OM Bcex CTpenOqHbIX CeKI.(HH: ropnOBHHbI. B TO JKe BpeM}l3anYCKaIOTC}l6nOKH BbI):{epJKKH Bpe-
MeHH. If3BeI.QeHHe MOHTepaM nYTH 6Y.AeT n0.AaBaTbC}l O.AHOBpeMeHHO Ha Bce KonOHKH B .AaH-
HOH: ropnOBHHe. CBeToll>opbI 6Y.AYT OTKpbIBaTbC}l 6e3 BbI.n:epJKKH BpeMeHH.
TaKOH: peJKHM He06xo.n:HMO npHMeH}lTb npH .ABHJKeHHH nOe3.AOB 6e3 OTKpbITH}l cBeToll>opa.
KpOMe Toro, 3THM peJKHMOM MOJKHO Bocnonb30BaTbC}l.n:n}l 3a.AepJKKH CH}lTH}l H3BeI.QeHH}l npH
.n:BHJKeHHH noe3.n:a no CeKI.(HH, r.n:e npOH3BO.A}lTC}l pa60TbI MOHTepaMH nYTH, ecnH Bcne.n: 3a 3THM
nOe3.AOM no 3TOH: CeKI.(HH He06xo.AHMO YCTaHOBHTb HOBbIH: MapIIIpYT.
1l0.AKJIlOqeHHe 06MOTOK pene OM K l.(enH MOHTepOB nYTH qepe3 CBOH: c06cTBeHHbIH: Il>POH-
TOBOH: KOHTaKT He06xo.n:HMO .An}l HCKJIlOqeHH}l KpaTKOBpeMeHHoro B036YJK,J:J:eHH}l pene OM npH
nOTepe IIIYHTa H 3aH}lTOM yqaCTKe npH6nHJKeHH}l B noe3.n:HOM MapIIIpYTe. B npOTHBHOM cnyqae
B03MOJKHO B036YJK.AeHHe pene BC H, KaK cne.n:CTBHe, OTKpbITHe nOe3.AHOrO cBeToll>opa paHee
cpa6aTbIBaHH}l 50-ceKYH.n:Horo KOMnneKTa BbI):{epJKKH BpeMeHH. 1l0.AKJIlOqeHHe napannenbHO
Il>POHTOBOMY KOHTaKT}' pene OM Il>poHToBoro KOHTaKTa pene BC 06ycnoBneHo He06xo.n:HMOC-
TblO cpa6aTbIBaHH}l pene OM, ecnH cHrHanH3aTop OnOBeI.QeHH}l MOHTepOB nYTH 6bIn BCTaBneH
206

B KOnOHKY nocne 3a.AaHlUI MaprnpYTa. JJ:eH:CTBHTenbHO, ecnH 6bIn 3a.AaH nOe3,lJ,HOH: MaprnpYT
npH CB060.AHOM yqaCTKe npH6nHJKeHH}l, a nOTOM B KonOHKY O.AHOH: H3 CTpenOqHbIX CeKl.(HH:
3Toro MaprnpYTa BCTaBneH CHrHanH3aTOp, TO npH OTCYTCTBHH pOHTOBoro KOHTaKTa pene BC,
pene OM He B036Y,lJ,HTC}l H nOH:,lJ,eT nOJKHOe H3Bem;eHHe 0 npH6nHJKeHHH nOe3,lJ,a. KpOMe Toro,
BKnlOqeHHe pOHTOBoro KOHTaKTa BC He06xo,lJ,HMO .An}l CH}lTH}l H3Bem;eHH}l npH KpaTKOBpe-
MeHHOM HanOJKeHHH H CH}lTHH rnYHTa Ha penbCOBYIO l.(enb yqaCTKa npH6nHJKeHH}l.
OTMeHa pa3perneHH}l pa60TbI MOHTepOB nYTH rrpOH3BO.AHTC}l BbIT}lrHBaHHeM KHonKH PPM
H HaJKaTHeM rpynnOBOH: KHonKH «OTMeHa». Ha Ta6no Y JJ:CTI YCTaHaBnHBaeTC}l6ena}l KOHT-
pOnbHa}l naMna PPM. TIpH pa60Te MOHTepOB nYTH KOHTpOnbHa}l naMna ropHT pOBHbIM CBe-
TOM, nocne BbIT}lrHBaHHH KHonKH PPM - MHralOm;HM CBeTOM, Ha BpeM}l cpa6aTbIBaHH}l 6no-
Ka MaHeBpOBOH: BbI.AepJKKH BpeMeHH naMna ropHT B peJKHMe pe.AKOrO MHraHH}l. Ha KaJK,lJ,YIO
CTpenOqHYIO CeKl.(HIO Ha Ta6no npe,lJ,ycMoTpeHa KpaCHa}l KOHTpOnbHa}l naMna. EcnH Maprn-
PYT He 3a,lJ,aH HnH CBeTOOp OTKpbIT H CHrHanH3aTOp nO,lJ,KnlOqeH K KonOHKe, KOHTpOnbHa}l
naMna ropHT pOBHbIM CBeTOM. EcnH CBeTOOp ,lJ,OnJKeH OTKpbIBaTbC}l C BbI.AepJKKOH: BpeMeHH,
naMna 6Y,lJ,eT MHraTb.
CHCTeMa onOBem;eHH}l MOHTepOB nYTH, pa60TalOm;HX C npHMeHeHHeM nepeHOCHbIX CHrHa-
nH3aTopOB Ha CTaHl.(H}lX npH 3Q HMeeT nOBbIrneHHbIH: paCXO,lJ, Ka6en}l- 5-6 JKHn Ha CTpe-
nOqHbIH: yqaCTOK. Eonee 3KOHOMHqHOH: }lBn}leTC}l CHCTeMa onOBem;eHH}l MOHTepoB nYTH no pa-
,lJ,HO «CHpeHa-CH». 3Ta CHCTeMa npHMeH}leTC}l Ha Cpe.AHHX H KpynHbIx CTaHl.(H}lX O.AHonYT-
HbIX JKene3HbIX ,lJ,opor H Bcex CTaHl.(HH: .AByxnYTHbIx H MHoronYTHbIx yqaCTKOB.
JJ:n}l ManbIX CTaHl.(HH:, He HMelOm;HX B ropnOBHHax napannenbHbIX nOe3,lJ,HbIX nepe,lJ,BHJKe-
HHH:, a TaKJKe C .AHCneTqepCKHM ynpaBneHHeM Cne,lJ,yeT npHMeH}lTb CTal.(HOHapHYIO CHCTeMY
onOBem;eHH}l MOHTepOB nYTH C Hcnonb30BaHHeM rY.AKa nepeMeHHoro TOKa B KonOHKe MeCTHO-
ro ynpaBneHH}l- CTal.(HOHapHYIO CHCTeMY CO.
CHCTeMa onOBem;eHH}l MOHTepOB nYTH «CHpeHa-CH» }lBn}leTC}l BcnOMoraTenbHOH: CHCTe-
MOH: 06eCneqeHH}l 6e30naCHOCTH, OHa n03BOn}leT opraHH30BaTb O.AHOBpeMeHHYIO pa60TY ,lJ,BYX
6pHra,lJ, MOHTepOB nYTH B n1060H: 30He onOBem;eHH}l CTaHl.(HH. JJ:n}l HCKnlOqeHH}l nonyqeHH}l
CHrHana onOBem;eHH}l C COCe,lJ,HeH: CTaHl.(HH onOBem;eHHe 6pHra.A MOHTepOB COCe.AHHX CTaHl.(HH:
He06xo.AHMO npe,lJ,YCMaTpHBaTb Ha pa3HbIX pa60qHX qaCTOTax.
TaK KaK MOHTep nYTH nonyqaeT onOBem;eHHe npH YCTaHOBKe MaprnpYTa B 30HY onOBeme-
HH}l H He nonyqaeT ero npH YCTaHOBKe MaprnpYTa no COCe,lJ,HeMY nYTH, TO OH ,lJ,0 nonyqeHH}l
CHrHana 0 npH6nHJKeHHH nOe3,lJ,a ,lJ,OnJKeH pa60TaTb B npe.Aenax penbCOBOH: KoneH 30HbI onOBe-
m;eHH}l HnH (,lJ,n}l CKOpOCTH .ABHJKeHH}l He 60nee 140 KM/q) Ha paCCTO}lHHH He MeHee 2 M OT
KpaH:HerO penbca COCe,lJ,HerO nYTH, He BX0.A}lm;ero B .AaHHYIO 30HY onOBem;eHH}l. JJ:n}l 60nbrnHX
CKOpOCTeH: ,lJ,BHJKeHH}l 141-160 KM/q H 161-200 KM/q 3TO paCCTO}lHHe .AOnJKHO 6bITb COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO He MeHee 4 HnH 5 M.
OnoBemeHHe MOHTepoB nyrn Ha CTaHl.(H}lX, 060PY,lJ,OBaHHbIx cHCTeMOH: MTIQ «Ebilock-950»,
BbIIIonHeHO C Hcnonb30BaHHeM annapaTypbI onOBem;eHH}l C peqeBbIM HHopMaTopoM. YCTpOH:-
CTBa onOBem;eHH}l- peqeBbIe HHopMaTopbl npe,lJ,Ha3HaqeHbI .An}l cBoeBpeMeHHoro aBTOMaTH-
qeCKOrO onOBem;eHH}l pa60TalOm;HX Ha nYT}lX CTaHl.(HH 0 npOXOJK.AeHHH nOe3,lJ,OB. QenblO .AaH-
HbIX YCTpOH:CTB }lBn}leTC}l 0,lJ,H03HaqHOCTb BocnpOH3Be,lJ,eHH}l npe.AynpeJK.AalOm;HX CHrHanOB 0
npH6nHJKeHHH nOe3.Aa no TOMY IUlH HHOMY nYTH.
OnoBemeHHe npOHCXO,lJ,HT aBTOMaTHqeCKH npH B'be3.Ae nO,lJ,BHJKHOH: e,lJ,HHHl.(bI no 3apaHee npH-
rOToBneHHoMY MaprnpYTY Cne,lJ,OBaHH}l peanbHbIM ZOJlOCOM: ((BnUManue! floe3d c maK02o-mo
nanpa6JlenUJI U m.d.», qeM ,lJ,OCTHraeTC}l 0,lJ,H03HaqHOCTb BocnpOH3Be.AeHH}l.
PeqeBOH: HHopMaTop, onoBem;alOm;HH: 0 npH6nHJKeHHH nOe3.Aa COCTOHT H3 6noKa ynpaBne-
HH}l, l.(HpOBOH: naM}lTH, a.AanTHBHoro ,lJ,enbTOMO,lJ,yn}lTOpa, HnbTpa, 6noKa nHTaHH}l, 06'be,lJ,H-
HeHHbIX B O.AHOM Kopnyce. TIepe.A HaqanOM npOH3BO,lJ,CTBa pa60T Ha JKene3HO,lJ,0pOJKHbIX nYT}lX
H cTpenKax CTaHl.(HH pa60THHK 06}l3aH C.AenaTb 3anHCb B )KypHane JJ:Y -46 0 npe.ACTO}lm;HX
pa60Tax. JJ:CTI BKnlOqaeT TYM6nep «BKJI», 3arOpaeTC}l CBeTO,lJ,HO,lJ, «ceTb», nocne qero peqe-
BOH: HHopMaTop rOTOB K aBTOMaTHqeCKOH: nepe,lJ,aqe onOBeCTHTenbHblX CHrHanOB «ZOJlOCOM».
IS*
207

TIpH OTCYTCTBHH MapIIIpYTOB BKJIlOqeHHe OnOBeI.QeHHSI B03MOJKHO KOMaH.n;OH: «BKJI». ,n:eTI JIe-
BOM KHOnKOH: MbIIIIH HaJKHMaeT Ha Ha.AnHCb «onOBEIl.JEHHE l.JETHOE (HEl.JETHOE)>>. B
nOSlBHBIIIeMCSI MeHIO KOMaH.n; ,n:eTI npaBOH: KHOnKOH: MbIIIIH BbI6HpaeT KOMaH.n;y «BKJI», 3aTeM
nO.ATBepJK,lJ;aeT ee BBO.n; KJIaBHIIIeM «Enter» B KOMaH.AHOH: cTpoKe. TIocJIe npHHSlTHSI KOMaH.n;bI K
HCnOJIHeHHIO Ha.AnHCb «OnOBEIl.JEHHE l.JETHOE (HEl.JETHOE)>> HaqHHaeT MHraTb Kpac-
Ho-6eJIbIM l{BeTOM.
TIpH OTCYTCTBHH MapIIIpyrOB BbIKJIlOqeHHe OnOBeI.QeHHSI B03MOJKHO KOMaH.AOH: «OTKJI» aHa-
JIOrHqHbIM 06pa30M. TIocJIe npHHSlTHSI KOMaH.n;bI K HCnOJIHeHHIO, Ha.n;nHCb «OnOBEIl.JEHHE
l.JETHOE (HEl.JETHOE)>> 3aropaeTCSl6eJIbIM I.1BeTOM.
TIpH BKJIlOqeHHOM peqeBOM HHclJopMaTope HHclJopMal{HSI 0 3a.AaHHOM MapIIIpYTe .n;JISI npocJIe-
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ynpaBJIeHHSI peqeBOrO HHclJopMaTopa. BJIOK ynpaBJIeHHSI no.n;aeT KOMaH,LJ;Y Ha CqHTbIBaHHe C 6JIOKa I
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B OTCYTcTBHe .n;BHJKeHHSI nOe3.Aa, pa3 B 2 MHH, no.n;aeT KpaTKoBpeMeHHbIH: 3BYKOBOM CHrHaJI
(<<THKKep») Ha CTaHl{HOHHYIO napKoBYIO CBSl3b TIero.
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pa60TbI H OTOH:UI B 6e30nacHoe MeCTO. TIpH OTCYTCTBHH CHrHaJIOB KOHTpOJIbHOrO «THKKepa»
HJIH OnOBeI.QeHHSI pa60TalOI.QHM Ha nYTSlx CJIe.n;yeT HeMe.n;JIeHHO npeKpaTHTb pa60TbI H .n;OJIO-
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CTBe MaHeBpOBOH: pa60TbI ,n:eTI npOH3Bo.n;HT no TIero. TIocJIe OKOHqaHHSI pa60T Ha nYTSlX pa-
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.AHO.n; «ceTb», aBTOMaTHqeCKOe OnOBeI.QeHHe npeKpamaeTcSI.
B CHCTeMe 3IJ,-MTIK (pHC. 4.16) npH He06xo.n;HMOCTH OnOBeI.QeHHSI MOHTepoB nYTH, pa60-
TalOI.QHX Ha nyrSix CTaHI.1HH, neJKypHbIM Ha ypoBHe APM ,n:eTI BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI YBSl3Ka no ynpaB-
JIeHHIO peqeBbIM HHclJopMaTopoM 0 nepe.n;BHJKeHHSlX Ha CTaHl{HH. ,n:JISI 3Toro ,n:eTI BbI6HpaeT
peJKHM qeTHOrO HJIH HeqeTHOrO OnOBeI.QeHHSI. TI pH 3TOM B KTe YK nOCblJIaeTCSI KOMaH.Aa .n;JISI
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OTKpbIBaeTcSI C BbI.n;epJKKOH: BpeMeHH 50 c, co cB060.AHOrO nYTH - 5 c. MaHeBpoBbIe cBeToclJo-
pbI He3aBHCHMO OT CB060.n;HOCTH HJIH 3aHSITOCTH yqaCTKa npH6JIHJKeHHSI npH YCTaHOBKe MapIII-
PYTa B 30HY pa60TbI OTKpbIBalOTCSI C BbI.n;epJKKOH: BpeMeHH 50 c.
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HbIX npHrJIaCHTeJIbHbIX CHrHaJIbHbIX peJIe TIe cBeToll>opoB, Ha KOTOpbIX npe.n;YCMaTpHBaeTCSI
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208

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BKJIlOqeHHe peJIe rncn He06xo.AHMO .AJI}I KOHTpOJI}I HCXO.AHOrO COCTO}lHH}I MaprnpYTHblX KHO-
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PHC. 4.17. CxeMa pene rpynnOBoro KOMnneKTa npHrnacHTenbHblx CHrHanOB no anb60MY:
a - 3Q-12-90 H 3l.{-12-00; 6 - 3Q-11

OTnYCKaHHH HaqaJIbHOH KHonKH BbIKmOqHTCH pene-CqeTqHK 1 C H 060pBeT l{enb nHTaHHH .n;o-
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Ba BCTaHeT no.n; TOK npoTHBonoBTopHoe pene rncn. JJ:nH HH.AHKal{HH BKmOqeHHH rpynnoBbIx
pene KOMrrneKTa Ha Ta6no JJ:cn YCTaHoBneHa naMna 6enoro l{BeTa rnc, pacnOnOJKeHHaH Ha.A
rpynnoBoH KHonKoH rnc, npH HaJKaTHH KOTOpOH OHa 3aropaeTCH MHralOll{HM CBeTOM. nocne
HaJKaTHH MaprnpYTHOH KHOnKH.AO cpa6aTbIBaHHH pene JJ:nc H BbIKnlOqeHHH pene rnc :na
naMna ropHT pOBHbIM CBeTOM. Oc06eHHOCTH BKJIlOqeHHH npHrnaCHTenbHbIX CHrHanbHbIX pene
nc H rnc B CHCTeMe 31(-11 nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 4.17, 6.
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BKJIlOqeHHe Ha BXO.n;HbIX H BbIXO.n;HbIX cBeToopax naMn pa3nHqHbIX CHrHaJIbHbIX nOKa3a-
HHH ocyrnecTBnHeTCH KOHTaKTaMH OCHOBHbIX H .n;ononHHTenbHbIX CHrHanbHbIX pene. JJ:nH ocy-
ll{eCTBneHHH B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTH CHrHaJIbHbIX nOKa3aHHH Hcnonb3YlOTCH l{enH MeJK6noqHbIX
coe.n;HHeHHH, nOCTopoeHHbIe no nnaHY CTaHl{HH. TaK, HanpHMep, pene 3C npe.AHa3HaqeHO .AJIH
no.n;aqH nHTaHHH Ha naMny 3eneHoro orHH Ha BXO.n;HOM cBeToope, a pene Mrc - .AnH BKJIIO-
qeHHH pa3nHqHbIX MHralOll{HX nOKa3aHHH Ha 3TOM cBeToope. JJ:nH BbIXO.n;HbIX cBeToopoB B
l{enHX nHTaHHH naMn pa3nHqHbIX CHrHaJIbHbIX nOKa3aHHH npH OTnpaBneHHH Ha neperOH (3e-
neHbIH HnH JKenTbIH oroHb) Hcnonb3YlOTCH KOHTaKTbI CHrHaJIbHOrO pene JI C B 6nOKe B 1.
JJ:nH 06eCneqeHHH 60nee CnOJKHOH CHrHanH3al{HH BbIxo.n;Horo cBeToopa B 6noKax B2 H
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Toporo BKnlOqalOTCH .ABa JKenTbIX, .ABa 3eneHbIX orHH HnH JKenTbIH C 3eneHbIM orHH. YKa3aH-
HbIe pene BKJIIOqalOTCH no nHTOH l{enH, KOTopaH KpOMe BKJIIOqeHHH .AOnOnHHTeJIbHbIX CHrHaJIbHbIX
pene, cnYJKHT .n;nH B036YJK,Z:(eHHH MaprnpYTHbIX pene npH aBTOMaTHqeCKOM pa3MbIKaHHH Maprn-
pYTa nocne npOCJIe.n;OBaHHH nO.ABHJKHOrO COCTaBa.
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KOTOPOMY npoH3Bo.n;HTCH 6e30cTaHOBOqHbIH nponycK. Ha paccMaTpHBaeMoM npHMepe qaCTH
CTaHl{HH 6e30cTaHOBOqHbIH nponycK nOe3.AOB B HeqeTHOM HanpaBneHHH npe.AycMaTpHBaeTcH
no nYTHM In H 3n, n03ToMY pene H3C H HMrC nHTalOTCH TonbKO H3 6noKoB 3THX nYTeH. B
KaJK.AbIH H3 YKa3aHHbIx 6noKoB nYTH n-62 Ha BbIBO.n; 222 no.n;aeTCH nonlOc nHTaHHH pn qepe3
pOHTOBOH KOHTaKT CHrHaJIbHOrO pene HeqeTHOrO BbIXO.AHOrO cBeToopa 3Toro nYTH HI C H
pOHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene 8-12 cn (noBTopHTenH nYTeBoro pene H30nHpoBaHHoro yqaCTKa 3a
BbIXO.AHbIM cBeToopoM). TaKoH npHHl{Hn no.n;aqH nHTaHHH n03BonHeT HCKJIlOqHTb np06necK
60nee pa3pernalOIl{erO nOKa3aHHH Ha BXO.AHOM cBeToope npH oTnpaBneHHH C .AaHHOrO nYTH
KOpOTKOH no.n;BHJKHOH e.n;HHHl{bI H3-3a 3HaqHTenbHoro 3aMe.AJIeHHH Ha oTnycKaHHe HKOpH CHr-
HaJIbHOrO pene. nHTaH l{enb npoxo.n;HT B 3TOM 6noKe qepe3 pOHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene HKC,
KOTopoe B MaprnpYTe HeqeTHOrO npHeMa Haxo.n;HTCH no.A TOKOM, Ha BbIBO.n; 25, coe.n;HHeHHbIH C
BbIBO.n;OM 25 6noKa BJJ: -62 BbIxo.n;Horo cBeToopa q 1. B 3TOM 6noKe l{enb npOXO.AHT qepe3
TbIJIOBbIe KOHTaKTbI HaqaJIbHbIX pene nOe3.AHOrO H H MaHeBpoBoro HM, KOTopoe B noe3.n;HOM
MaprnpYTe npHeMa 6y.n;eT Haxo.n;HTCH 6e3 TOKa, H .n;aJIee Ha BbIBO.n; 15. 3aTeM nHTaH l{enb npoxo-
.n;HT qepe3 CTpenOqHbIe (KoMMYTal{HOHHbIe) 6noKH C cTpenoK 5 H 1 Ha BbIBO.n; 25 6noKa Cn-69
yqaCTKa 1-5Cn. B 3TOM 6noKe l{enb npOXO.AHT qepe3 TbIJIOBOH KOHTaKT MaprnpYTHoro pene
1M, KOTopoe npH 3a.AaHHH MaprnpYTa 6y.n;eT 06eCTOqeHO, pOHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI nOBTopHTeIDI
nYTeBoro pene cn 1 H KOHTponbHO-CeKl{HOHHOro pene KC H TbIJIOBOH KOHTaKT MaprnpYTHoro
pene 2M Ha BbIBO.A 15 H .Aanee Ha COOTBeTCTBYlOll{He BbIBO.AbI 6noKoB Yn-65 H 6noKa BJJ:-62
cBeToopa H (qepe3 pOHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI pene H H KC Ha BbIBO.n; 215); 3aTeM l{enb npOXO.A HT
Qepe3 pOHToBble KOHTaKTbI pene HrM H pene HCO Ha 06MOTKY CHrHanbHoro pene H3C.
KOHTaKTaMH pene H3C H HC no.n;aeTCH nHTaHHe B peneHHbIH rnKa Bxo.n;Horo cBeToopa Ha
naMny 3eneHoro orHH (3Ta l{enb Ha .n;aHHoH cxeMe He nOKa3aHa).
211

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yqaCTKa HAll H 6noK B,l], -62 Bxo,n:Horo cBeTo4>opa H Ha KOHTaKT pene HrM, KOTopoe B npHeMe
Ha nYTb 3ll 6y,n:eT 06eCTOqeHo. Qepe3 TbInOBOH KOHTaKT pene HrM nHTaHHe Pll no,n:aeTCjI Ha
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3Ta u:enb no,n:KnlOQaeTCjI K BbIBO,n:y 18 6noKa B,l],-62 cBeTo4>opa H, r,n:e npOXO.AHT Qepe3 TbInO-
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6noK-yqacTKoB, pene QK3, nepeKnlOQalOIII;ero CHrHanbHoe nOKa3aHHe C 3eneHoro Ha )l(enTbIH
npH neperopaHHH 3eneHOH naMnbI Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOIII;eM BbIXO,n:HOM cBeTo4>ope, H pene QOKC,
Haxo,n:jIIII;erOCjI no,n: TOKOM B MaprnpYTax OTnpaBneHHjI. B 6nOKe B,l],-62 cBeTo4>opa H u:enb npo-
XO,n:HT OT BbIBo,n:a 25 Qepe3 TbInOBbIe KOHTaKTbI pene H H HM, KOTopbIe B MaprnpYTax OTIIpaBne-
HIDl6y.IJYT HaXO,lUITCjI 6e3 TOKa. ,l],anee u:enb npOXO,lUIT Qepe3 onHcaHHbIe BbIIIIe 6nOlill YTI -65 yqaCTKa
HAll, Cll-69 yqacTKa I-5Cll, KOMMYTaU:HOHHbIe 6noKH C cTpenoK 5 H 1 K BblBO,n:y 15 6noKa B,l],-
62 cOOTBeTCTBYIOIII;HX cBeTo4>opoB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Toro, C KaKoro nym YCTaHoBneH MaprnpYT
oTnpaBneHHjI. B 6noKe B,l],-62 COOTBeTCTBYIOIII;ero BbIxo,n:Horo cBeTo4>opa nSlTaSl u:enb npOXO.AHT
OT BblBo,n:a 15 Qepe3 4>poHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI pene H H pene KC Ha BbIBO,n: 215 6noKa BI COOTBeT-
212



CTByrom;ero cBeTo4>opa H ,n:aJIee - Ha 06MOTKY peJIe JIe. PeJIe JIC HMeeT Ilenb caM06JIOKHpOBKH
B 6JIOKe BloT nOJIloca nHTaHHjI n qepe3 4>poHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI CHrHaJIbHbIX peJIe C H JIC Ha
BbIBO,n: 18 H ,n:anee - qepe3 TbIJIOBOH KOHTaKT peJIe KC, BbIBO,n:bI 6JIOKOB B,l], -62 H n -62 Ha 06-
MOTKY CHrHaJIbHOrO peJIe JIe. 3Ta Ilenb 3am;Hm;aeT pa60TY YCTPOHCTB npH nepeKJIlOqeHHH nHTa-
IOm;HX 4>HJJ:epOB aHaJIOrHqHO IlenH caM06JIOKHpOBKH peJIe H3C H HMre.
CxeMa ocym;eCTBJIeHHjI B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTH CHrHaJIbHbIX nOKa3aHHH (no THnOBOMY aJIb60-
MY 3[(-12-00) nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 4.19. ,l],JIjI BKJIlOqeHHjI JIaMnbI 3eJIeHOrO OrHjI Ha BXO,n:HOM
cBeTo4>ope H CJIY)I(HT peJIe H3C, a ,n:JIjI BKJIlOqeHHjI Ha cBeTo4>ope B MaprnpYTax OTnpaBJIeHHjI
no HerrpaBHJIbHoMY rryTH 6eJIoro H )l(eJITOrO MHralOm;ero orHeH - CHrHaJIbHbIe peJIe HO}KEC
H )l(EC (IlenH BKJIlOqeHHjI 3TH X peJIe Ha ,n:aHHOH cxeMe He nOKa3aHbI). MHralOm;HH pe)l(HM CHr-
HaJIH3aIlHH BKJIlOqaeTCjI qepe3 4>POHTOBbIe KOHTaKTbI peJIe HMrC.
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTb CHrHaJIbHbIX nOKa3aHHH no nJIaHY CTaHIlHH ocymeCTBJIjIeTCjI no IlenH,
B KOTOpOH HCnOJIb3YlOTCjI TbIJIOBbIe KOHTaKTbI MaprnpyrHbIx peJIe H 4>pOHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI KOH-
TpOJIbHO-ceKIlHOHHbIX peJIe ceKIlHH MaprnpYTa CJIe,n:OBaHHjI noe3,n:a. ,l],onOJIHHTeJIbHO B TaKYIO
Ilenb B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTH BKJIlOqalOT 4>POHTOBOH KOHTaKT peJIe <1>M (4)HKcaIlHH MaKeTa, Ha-
npHMep, CTpeJIKH NQ I), KOTOpbIM OHa 06pbIBaeTCjI, eCJIH o,n:Ha H3 CTpeJIOK MaprnpYTa no,n:KJIIO-
qeHa Ha «MaKeT».
<1>pOHTOBOH KOHTaKT OCHOBHoro CHrnaJIbHOrO peJIe HC B HaqaJIe IlenH HCKJIlOqaeT cpa6aTbI-
BaHHe ,n:onOJIHHTeJThHbIX CHrHaJIbHbIX peJIe H3C H HMrC no IlenH nepBoro MaprnpYTHoro peJIe
npH KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM HaJIO)l(eHHH rnYHTa Ha nepBOH H BTOpOH CeKIlHjIX MaprnpYTa.
4.10. Pe*HM aBTOMaTH1JeCKOI"O )J;euCTBHH cBeToopoB
,l],JIjI opraHH3aIlIIH 6e30CTaHOBOqHOrO nponYCKa noe3,n:OB 6e3 yqaCTHjI ,l],cn Ha npOMe)l(Y-
TOqHbIX CTaHIlHjIX BXO.AHbIe H BbIxo,n:HbIe cBeTo4>opbI nepeBo,n:jIT Ha pe)l(HM «ABTo,n:eHCTBHe».
I1cnoJIb30BaHHe 3Toro pe)l(HMa B03MO)l(HO H Ha yqacTKax, BKJIlOqeHHbIX B ,n:HcneTqepCKYIO IleH-
TpaJIH3aIlHIO, npH nOCbIJIKe CneIlHaJIbHOH KOMaH,n:bI noe3,n:HbIM ,n:HcneTqepOM.
CxeMa npH60poB pe)l(HMa «ABTo,n:eHCTBlle» ,n:JIjI peJIeHHOH IleHTpaJIH3aIlHH C HCnOJIb30Ba-
HHeM peJIe THna P3JI npHBe,n:eHa Ha pHC. 4.20. YCTaHoBKa pe)l(HMa «ABo,n:eHcTBHe» ocym;ecTB-
JIjIeTCjI nOCJIe OTKpblTHjI cBeTo4>opa nOBTopHbIM Ha)l(aTHeM HaqaJIbHOH KHonKH H rpynnoBoH
KHonKH AB npH pe3epBHoM ynpaBJIeHHH HJIH nOCbIJIKOH KOMaH.A npH ,n:HcneTqepCKOM ynpaB-
JIeHHH. YBjI3Ka C YCTpoHcTBaMH,l],[( ocym;eCTBJIjIeTCjI 4>pOHTOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH peJIe pe)l(HMa
pe3epBHoro ynpaBJIeHHjI PY.
,l],JIjI Ka>K,I:J;OrO noe3,n:Horo cBeTo4>opa, pa60TalOm;ero B pe)l(HMe aBTo,n:eHcTBHjI, B cxeMe npe-
,n:ycMaTpHBalOTCjI CJIe,n:YIOm;He peJIe: AC - peJIe aBTo,n:eHcTBHjI CHrHaJIbHOe; nnA - npoTH-
BonoBTopHoe peJIe aBTo,n:eHcTBHjI; rcn - rpynnoBoe nYTeBoe peJIe (noBTOpHTeJIb Me,n:JIeHHO-
,n:eHcTBYIOm;Hx Ha no,n:'beM nYTeBbIx peJIe Bcex ceKIlHH MaprnpYTa ). Ha cxeMe, npHBe,n:eHHoH
Ha pHC. 4.20, TaKHX rpynnoBbIx peJIe ,n:Ba: Hrn - ,n:JIjI MaprnpYToB npHeMa no BXO,n:HOMY CBe-
T04>Opy H H Hlrn -,n:JIjI MaprnpYToB OTnpaBJIeHHjI no BbIXO.AHOMY cBeTo4>oPY HI.
YCTaHoBKa pe)l(HMa «ABTo,n:eHcTBHe» ocym;eCTBJIjIeTCjI ,l],Cn B pe)l(HMe pe3epBHoro ynpaB-
JIeHHjI TOJIbKO nOCJIe OTKpbITHjI cooTBeTcTBYIOm;ero cBeTo4>opa nOBTopHbIM Ha)l(aTHeM HaqaJIb-
HOH KHonKH :noro cBeTo4>opa H rpynnoBoH KHonKH pe)l(HMa aBTo,n:eHcTBHjI AB C 4>HKcaIlHeH
ee nOJIO)l(eHHjI. npH 3TOM cpa6aTbIBaeT CHrHaJIbHOe peJIe aBTo,n:eHcTBHjI AC, KOTopoe nOCJIe
oTnycKaHHjI 3THX KHonOK nepexo,n:HT Ha Ilenb caM06JIOKHPOBKH. PeJIe AC 4>POHTOBbIMH KOH-
TaKTaMH no,n:rOTaBJIHBaeT IlenH BKJIlOqeHHjI npoTHBonoBTopHoro peJIe pe)l(HMa aBTo,n:eHcTBHjI
nnA H rpynnoBoro nYTeBoro peJIe rcn.
PaccMoTpHM aJIrOpHTM pa60TbI peJIe aBTon:eHcTBHjI. nOcJIe npOCJIe,n:oBaHHjI noe3,n:a no Map-
rnpYTY npHeMa no nepBoMY nYTH (HJIH ero OTnpaBJIeHHjI Ha neperoH) H oCB060)l(,n:eHHjI nYTH
npHeMa (HJIH yqaCTKa y,n:aJIeHHjI) npll YCJIOBHH cB060,n:HOCTH KOMnJIeKTa BbI,n:ep)l(KH BpeMeHH
,n:JIjI peJIbCOBbIX IleneH OT CneIlHaJIbHOH rnHHbI BCn cpa6aTbIBaeT rpynnoBoe nYTeBoe peJIe
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HCI BXO,n:HOrO cBeTo4>opa, 4>POHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI nYTeBbIX pene HAll, 1-5Cll, III (nepBoro
nYTH) H pene HAC, TbInOBOH KOHTaKT npoTIIBonoBTopHoro pene HllllA H nomoc M. Qepe3 5 C
cpa6aTbIBaeT Cnel{HanbHbIH KOMnneKT BbI.Aep)l(KH BpeMeHH (Ha cxeMe KOMnneKT He nOKa3aH) H
B llIHHe MCll nOSlBnSleTCSI nHTaHHe, B pe3ynbTaTe qero C03.AaeTCSll{enb B036Y)I(.AeHHSI npOTH-
BonoBTopHoro pene HllllA, KOTopoe 4>POHTOBbIMH KOHTaKTaMH 31-32 H 51-52 3aMbIKaeT
l{enb nHTaHHSI KOHTponbHO-CeKl{HoHHoro pene HKC H CHrHanbHoro pene HC Bxo,n:Horo CBeTO-
4>opa H. TbInOBbIM KOHTaKTOM 81-83 CHrHanbHoro pene nOBTopHTenSl HCI pa30MKHeTCSll{enb
caM06noKHpoBKH pene HllllA, a KOHTaKTOM 11-13 -l{enb rpynnoBoro pene Hrll. CxeMa
pene aBTo,n:eHcTBHSI npHxo,n:HT B Hcxo,n:Hoe COCTOSlHHe.
B MapllIpYTe oTnpaBneHHSI no BbIXO,n:HOMY cBeTo4>opy HI B l{enb rpynnoBoro nYTeBoro pene
HI rll BBe,n:eHbI 4>poHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI Bcex nYTeBbIX pene no Tpacce MapllIpYTa (l2Cll, 2-8Cll,
q,lJ,ll) H pene H)K nepBoro yqaCTKa y,n:aneHHSI. llpH BCTynneHHH noe3,n:a 3a BXO,n:HOH cBeTo4>op
H (Ha 6eCCTpenOqHYlO ceKl{HIO 3a 3THM cBeTo4>opoM HA) pa3MbIKaeTCSll{enb KOHTponbHo-ceK-
l{HOHHbIX pene 3Toro MapllIpYTa B cxeMHOM Y3ne nYTeBoH ceKl{HH HAll (Ha pHC. 4.20 3Ta l{enb
He nOKa3aHa). ,lJ,anee pa3MbIKaeTcSl4>poHTOBOH KOHTaKT pene HKC B l{enH CHrHanbHoro pene
HC, KOTopaSl opraHH30BaHa no 06l1.{eH l{enH Me)l(6noqHbIX COe.AHHeHHH B npe,n:enax MapllIpYTa
npHeMa. BXO,n:HOH cBeTo4>op H aBTOMaTHqeCKH 3aKpbIBaeTcSI H Ha HeM 3aropaeTCSI naMna Kpac-
Horo orHSI.
B pe)l(HMe aBTo,n:eHCTBHSI MapllIpYT, no Mepe npocne,n:OBaHHSI nOe3.Aa, aBTOMaTHqeCKH He pa3-
MbIKaeTCSI H CTpenKH OCTalOTCSI 3aMKHYTbIMH. ,lJ,nSl 3Toro l{enb BToporo no Xo,n:y MapllIpYTHoro
pene B Haqane MapllIpYTa pa30MKHYTa TbInOBbIM KOHTaKTOM 21-23 pene aBTo,n:eHcTBHSI HAC.
B B036Y)l()J;eHHOM COCTOSlHHH OCTalOTCSI HaqanbHbIe pene Bxo,n:Horo H BbIXO.AHOro cBeTo4>opoB
(KoHTaKT 71-72 HaqanbHOro pene HI H B l{enH CHrHanbHoro pene HI C B cxeMHOM Y3ne BbIXO,n:-
Horo cBeTo4>opa HI), qTO 06eCneqHBaeT no,n:roToBKy,n:nSl aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO BKnlOqeHHSll{eneH
KOHTponbHO-ceKl{HoHHbIX H .Aanee CHrHanbHbIX pene nocne nonHoro oCB060)l()J;eHHSI Bcex H30-
nHpoBaHHbIx yqaCTKOB no Tpacce MapllIpYTa CKB03Horo nponycKa noe3,n:OB Ha 3TOH CTaHl{HH.
KOHTponb pa60TbI cBeTo4>opoB B aBTOMaTHqeCKOM pe)l(HMe Ha Ta6no OCYll.{eCTBnSleTCSI naMna-
MH 3eneHoro l{BeTa B SlqeHKaX, KOTopbIe HaXO,[(SlTCSI Ha Ta6no nepe,n: nOBTopHTenSlMH 3THX CBeTO-
4>OPOB, H B HopManbHOM pe)l(HMe OCYll.{eCTBnSlIOT MHralOlI.{HM CBeTOM KOHTponb Haqana Ha60pa
MapllIpYToB OT 3THX cBeTo4>opoB. B pe)l(HMe «ABTo,n:eHCTBHe» 3TH KOHTponbHbIe naMnbI ropSlT
aHaJIOrHqHO, HO TonbKO no l{enH qepe3 4>POHToBbIe KOHTaKTbI 81-82 pene HAC Bxo,n:Horo CBe-
To4>opa H H KOHTaKTbI 21-22 pene HIAC BbIXO.AHOro CBeTo4>opa HI. ,lJ,onOnHHTenbHO Ha.n. KHOIIKOH
AB Ha annapaTe ,lJ,Cll pa3Mell.{alOT KOHTponbHYIO naMny 6enoro l{BeTa pe)l(HMa «ABTo,n:eHCTBHe»
(Ha pHC. 4.20 cxeMa BKnlOqeHHSI 3TOH KOHTponbHoH naMnbI He nOKa3aHa).
OTMeHa pe)l(HMa «ABTO.AeHCTBHe» npH pe3epBHOM ynpaBneHHH OCYll.{eCTBnSleTCSI Ha)l(aTlleM
rpynnoBoH KHonKH «OTMeHa» H KHonKH cBeTo4>opa, Haxo,n:SllI.{erOCSI B pe)l(HMe aBTo,n:eHCTBHSI,
IInH npll ,n:HcneTqepCKOM ynpaBneHHH - nOCbInKOH KOMaH,n: OT noe3,n:Horo ,n:HcneTqepa. EcnH
6bIn OTKpbIT cBeTo4>op, TO B 3TOT MOMeHT MapllIpYT TaK)I(e OTMeHSleTCSI. OTMeHHTb aBTo,n:eHCTBHe
cBeTo4>opoB ,lJ,Cll MO)l(eT H 6e3 OTMeHbI MapllIpYTa O.AHOBpeMeHHbIM Ha)l(aTHeM KHonKH «OTMe-
Ha» H BblTSlrHBaHHeM B HCXO.AHOe nOnO)l(eHHe KHonKH pe)l(HMa aBTo,n:eHcTBHSI All.
llpH Ha)l(aTHH KHonKH «OTMeHa» H KHonKH cBeTo4>opa, HanpHMep BbIxo,n:Horo cBeTo4>opa
HI, l{enb CHrHanbHoro pene HIAC aBTOMaTHqeCKH nepeKnlOqaeTCSI qepe3 4>POHTOBOH KOH-
TaKT 31-32 KHOnOqHOrO pene HIK no 06MoTKe 2-3 Ha llIHHY llr, nHTaHHe C KOTOpOH CHH-
MaeTCSI npH Ha)l(aTHH rpynnoBoH KHOIIKH orK. CHrHanbHoe pene HIAC BbIKnlOqaeTCSI H CBO-
HM 4>POHTOBbIM KOHTaKTOM 61-62 pa3MbIKaeT l{enb npoTHBonoBTopHoro pene aBTo,n:eHcTBHSI
BbIxo,n:Horo cBeTo4>opa HIllllA. CxeMbI ynpaBneHHSI cBeTo4>opaMH npIlBO.ASlTCSI, TaKHM 06pa-
30M, B HCXO.AHoe COCTOSlHHe.
B pe)l(HMe ,n:HCneTqepCKOro yrrpaBneHIISI OTMeHa aBTO.AeHCTBHSI BblIIonHSleTCSI nOCbInKOH ,lJ,H[(
cnel{HanbHOH KOMaH.ll:bI, OT KOTOpOH BKnlOqaeTCSll{enb pene OTMeHbI OM, a 3aTeM BbIKnlOqa-
IOTCSll{enH CHrHanbHbIX pene HAC H HIAC Bxo,n:Horo H BbIxo,n:Horo cBeTo4>opoB.
216
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.,
1'-

PeKoMeHAyeMau nHTepaTypa
TIpamma TeXHHqeCKOll 3KcnnyaTal{HH )l(ene3HbIX .n;opor POCCHllCKOll cDe.n;epal{HH QPE-756.
- M.: TpaHcHHopM, 2000.
I1HCTPYKl{HSI no 06eCneqeHHIO 6e30nacHocTH .ABH)I(eHHSI noe3.n;OB npH npoH3Bo.n;cTBe pa60T
no TeXHHqeCKoMY 06cnY)I(HBaHHIO H peMoHTY YCTPOllCTB CQE QIll-530. - M.: TpaHcH3.n;aT,
1998.
CHcTeMa nepe.n;aqH .n;aHHbIX (TeXHHqeCKOe onHcaHHe H HHCTPYKl{HSI no 3KcnnyaTal{HH)
HI1U)KA 3AO «TPAHCCl1rHAJICI1CTEM-MO.n:YJIb». - KHPOB, 1998.
TeXHHqeCKHe pemeHHSI no aBTOMaTH3al{HH YHKl{Hll KOHTponSl, .n;HarHocTHpoBaHHSI H Tex-
HHqeCKOrO 06cnY)I(HBaHHSI YCTPOllCTB CQE, 621-00 .n:TP. - M.: MTIC POCCHH, 2002.
KOMnblOTepHaSl l{eHTpanH3al{HSI EBILOCK-950, a.AanTHpOBaHHaSl.n;nSl pOCCHllCKHX )l(ene3-
HbIX .n;opor. - M.: QHl1l1T311 MTIC, 2000.
PernaMeHT YCTpaHeHHSI HapymeHHll HopManbHoll pa60TbI YCTPOllCTB H CHCTeM CQE
QIIIQ - 1511. - M.: MTIC POCCHH, 2003.
KOHl{enl{HSI TeXHHqeCKOrO .n;HarHocTHpoBaHHSI H MOHHTopHHra YCTPOllCTB )l(ene3HOjIOp0)l(-
HOll aBTOMaTHKH H TeneMexaHHKH. CTI6.: TIrYTIC, 2003.
ABToMaTHKa, CBSl3b H HHopMaTHKa (npoH3Bo.n;cTBeHHo-TeXHHqeCKHe )l(YPHanbl). - M.,
1997-2004.
ra6306jJ.B., jJpeiIMaH O.K., KOHOH06 B.A., HUKumUH A.E. CHcTeMbI .n;HcneTqepCKOll l{eHT-
panH3al{HH. - M.: MapmpYT, 2002.
KOHOH06 B.A., JIblKo6 A.A., HUKumuH A.E. OCHOBbI npoeKTHpoBaHHSI 3neKTpHQeCKOll l{eH-
TpanH3al{HH npoMe)l(YTOQHbIX CTaHl{Hll. - M.: MapmpYT, 2003.
Myi)palJeHKo C.B., POi)uOH06 A.B., POi)uOH06 P.A. )l(ene3Ho.n;0p0)l(HaSl 6e30nacHocTb. -
M.: ApHenb, 2003.
217

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rJIABA 1. Opr3HH33QHH .D;H3rHoCTHpOB3HHH H MOHHTopHHr3 YCTpoilcTB )KAT ............... 6
1.1. Ee30nacHocrb .n;BIDKemUI H Ha,n.e)l(Hocrb ycrpOHCTB CQE .......................................... 6
1.2. XapaKTepHble OTKa3bI H HX npmlBJIeHHe B CHCTeMax 3Q
C 6JIOqHbIM MOHTCl)KOM ............................................................................. ..................... 12
1.3. CI>yHHOHaJIbHOe Ha3HaqeHHe CHCTeM ,AHarHOCTHpOBaHllil
H MOHHTOpHHra .......................................... .................................................................. 19
1.4. CHcreMa nepe.n;atIH .D;aHHbIX CI1,.[(-JITI ..................................................................... 24
1.5. Arrrraparno-nporpaMMHbrn KOMIUIeKc,AHCneJ'1lepcKoro KOH1pOIDI ATIK-,lJ:K .............. 30
1.6. ABToMaTH3HpOBaHHaJI CHCTeMa ,AHCneJ'1lepcKoro
KOmpDJUlAC,lJ:K .......................... ................................................................................ 41
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4.1. CHcreMa opraHH3aU:HH 06ecneQeHIDI6e30nacHoCTH.D;BH)I(eHHH...............................181
4.2. Y crpOHcrBa KOIITpOIDI CXO.D;a H BOJIOQeHHH.D;eTaJIeH nO.D;BIDKHoro cocraBa (YKCTIC) 184
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4.7. Y crpoHcrBa onOBem;eHHH MOHTepOB rryrn .............................................................. 205
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