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320-3:,)() :3,()0 3,33 18 20
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lllIKOB IIHTamIH, OOJIaCTH II H1MeHCllIIH / / CBapll\IIK. 1999. .N 2.
C. 26 28.
2. AuiJpeea B. B. 11('1'0'111111(11 fTl1TcUTIIH cBapo<lfIoH t\YrH. ¥lnO<IHHKH IIHTCUIHH
llepeMCH/loro TOKa. Cnapo<lllble Tpi.\HCII)opMaTOpbJ ;' / CnaplltIIIC 1999. -
J\fg 3. - C. 26-29.
3. A1fopeca B. B. l/k'TO'llfIlIOl IIHTallHH cnapo4l1oi.j lIynl. I1CTO'HTHlUf IIIlTaIflIH
1I0CT()}UH10rO TOKa. Cnap041lbiC nblllpH:vnne.HH / / CBaplltlllC 1999.
.N;' 4. - C. 26-29.
4. Boponaii H. 1\1., Spurt/OK ,'1. B. TeXIIOJIOrll4CCKl1C cBoiiC'l'Ba OMCttllCllllOii
map04110ii IIpOBOJIOK\1 / / Cnapll HI<'- 2002. - N? 4. C. 16 17.
;). T.1J1)(ynttt C. M. Cl1paBOllHHK 110 cBaplw UBC'I'IlbIX MeTaJIJIOB. KHCB: HaYK.
ltyMKa, 19tH. 608 c.
6. 3m\'(; 11. A. ")JICKTpOltbJ IVIH ltyronoH CBapKIJ CTaJlcH H IIHKCJICBblX CWIaBOB:
C/lpaB. /locoolle. CITo.: WELCOME, 1996.- :i8.1 c.
7. 3aKc N. A. U.HCKTP01\bl ;I.UI llyroBOii cBaplCH I\BCTlIblX MCTaJIJIOB H CIIJlaBOB:
CllpaB. rrocoollc. - CII6.: Crpoiilla;\aT, 1999. - 192 ('.
8. KO//zaHoa J1. A. Cnapo'llloC "POH;JBO)\CTBO: Y'1. 110coolle. POCTOB-lf / 11:
CPCIIIIl{C, 2002. S 12 c.
9. JIeaaallbll/ B. c.. SypJW1W A. 11. CBapO'lllhie paOOThl. M.: 000
A)\CJlaIJT, 200.1. .1..18 <:.
10. JIuxa'l.e6 B. .iI. BJIeKTpOCBajHGt: Cllpa BO'lll ilK. M.: COJIOH-npecc,
2004. 672 c.
11. JIYl/(/ltoa B. r. 060pYl\Ol!alllIe 11 TCXIIOJI01'll51 :JJICKTpora:!OCBapO'lllhIX pa60T:
Y"eo.llocoOIIC. MIIIICIC fIII3aHII lIPO, 200.1, 2.10 c.
12. HOp}1UpOa(/1fllC paCXo;\a cnap04HblX Ma'I't'pllaJIOB H :)JICKTpo:mepnlH IIpll
pY'lIloii l\yroBoi.j CBapKC: CIl pan. 110C0611C / I lay'!. PYKOII01\HTCJlh A. A.
Ma:JYP. - KIWB: :01W'ITXIJ0.HOl'HH, 2000. - 57 c.
13. ITo/ulKoaa P. r. ra: ocBapJl HK. -- C116.: TIO.IIIITCX!lfIKa. :WO:i.' 354 c.
H. lIempo(i r. JI. CBapOlillbIe laTCpHa.ilb!. J1.: MalllHlloCTpOCIlHC, 1972.
179 c.
1 S. I1 oJ)Ul11befJCKlll/ A. r. CBapKa II aalltHTllblX l'a:Jax n.!I<II!HII(lIMC51 :)JICKTpO-
/w:v!. M.: ManmllocTpoclIHe, 1974. -, 2.10 c.
16. Pb/6KU1f A. JI. J.1CT041lI1KIl IIHTaHH5! 1l,J15I /(yronoH cBapKl1 '..' Cl!apoY. rlp-BO.
200,). - N? 3. - C. 29-34.
17. CaapKa n MaltlHlIOCTpocmm: CllpaHolHIHK. B 4 T. /110)\ o6m. PC;\. r. A.
HIIKlwaCBa 11 lW. -, M.: MaIlIlI110('1'j)()CIIHe, 1978. 1'.1 / nOl pC;I. H. A.
OJJhlUaHCKOl'O. 504 c.
1H. C(WpKa n JaIlJl1110CTpOetlHH: ClIpaBolfHlIK, B .1 T. / nO/( 061[(. pc)e r. A,
HHIWJlaCBa H I\p. M.: MaLIiHIIOCTpOCtIHC, 1978. T.2 / nOli pCle A. 11.
AKV JIOBa. .162 c.
19. Cnpa(w l t1fw( CBaprI(IIKa-cYJtOl'TpOHTCJI51 ,/ B. P. AopaMoBlI4, B. IT. EO<lKapcB,
J1. E. fJIYlIlaKoII II IIp. . J1.: CY1(OCTpOCllm , 1981. 272 c.
20. Cnpa6011Ull1( :J.ilCKTpora:JOCBapIlHII<a H ra:!(1)( 3<IHKa / r. r. LJCPHbIllIOB, f. ll.
1I0olcnoii, A. II. Bhl60pllCm ff /w. - M.: AKa;\CMffH, 2004. - 400 c.
21. Cnpaeo 1 maR Kllff)j(Ka CBaplltllKa. - M.: Mamma, 1961. - 479 c.
239
22.
CaUl UHCKU11 B. r. Mcxalll :j[ poBallllaH /\y 'oBa}l cBa Ka 13 '1I 11'I /,CMCCHX
ra:30B na ocnonc apronil /. CnapllulK. - 2002. - :\fo 2., -. 4.
CnpaaottHUK a.'ICKTpora:mcnapll\HKa 11, ra:30pe3'HlKa ,'" f. I. IJCPllhH:IOB, r. B.
HOJ'lCBOH, !\. n. BbJ60pHOB II .ap. / 11011 pelt. I. r. LJepllhlUlOBd. M.:
!\Kal\CM HH, 2004. 400 c, ,
Cnpa(W l l1lUK cnapLllLlI a ._ . nO!1 pel\. B. B. CTCLJilllOBa.
MaUII1HOCTpOCHIIC, 1982. .)60 c. ;' non
Te.X1lO/1OlUR :J.1CKTIHl4CCI<OH CBapKlI MCTaJI.'IOn H CUJlanOB r ;;aBJIClmCM
pell. D. E. IlanHfa. ,- 1\1.: MaIIII1ll0CTpOCHHC, 197.1. 7 1 <;.
TeXHOJIOZUR cuapKH, uaiitm II pC:3Ku. T.. 111-4 [ . 15. JI: Cl\ n, c. H.
KV'lvK-51ncIlKO, A. 11. LJUCpTlW H IIp.; 110/\ pCl\. 6. E. \I,l!oua. M.:
MaIl1I1IT0erpOelIuc, 2006. - 768 ('. .
IJepHblUlO6 r. r. CtJapl(a II PC;!K<! ;VICTaJUIOIl. ,-, 2 H3/L, CTcpeonHl.
]\t<alWMlUl. 2003. -- 496 c. . "
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cBapKH. M.: TcxBYK. 2004. 208 c.
23.
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27.
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28.
3KOTEXHOJIOTHH
Bce ltJl51 CBaplOI II pe:u{f\ (T( .H.: 200-80-56)
240
241
np"JIO eH"e I
Ta6J1,uz a JII.3. XHMH'l:eCKHfi COCTaB JIerHpOBaUHblX cTaJIefi
T ({6JlU (/ HI. 1. XHMH1JeCKHfi COCTaB yr JIepo)J;HcTblX cTaJIefi
MapKa MaeeOBaH ,a;OJIH 9JIeMeHTOB, % I
I I
CTaJIH C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo
20X 0,17-0,23 0,17-0,37 0,50-0,80 0,70-1,00 - -
40X 0,36-0,44 0,17-0,37 0,50-0,80 0,80-1,10 - -
18XfT 0,17-0,23 0,17-0,37 0,80-1,10 1,00-1,30 - -
30XIT 0,24-0,32 0,17-0,37 0,80-1,10 1,00-1,30 - -
15XM 0,11-0,18 0,17-0,37 0,40-0,70 0,80-1,10 - 0,40-0,SS
30XfCA 0,28-0,34 0,90-1,20 0,80-1,10 0,80-1,10 - -
--
30XMA 0,26-0,33 0,17-0,37 0,40-0,70 0,70-1,10 $0,30 0,1S-0,25
12X1M<D 0,08-0,15 0,17-0,37 0,40-0,70 0,90-1,20 $0,30 0,20-0,35
12XM 0,09-0,16 0,17-0,37 0,40-0,70 0,40-0,70 $0,30 0,40-0,60
llpUMe'laHWI. 1. Co,l\epJKaJme cepbI II cpoc4>opa He 60JIee 0,03 %.
2. CTaJIIi 40X, 18XIT, 30XIT CO,l\epJKaT 0,03-{),09 % TIJTaHa; 30XMA -- He 6<)JIee 0,30 % Me,l\II.
Maccona}f .:to)!}) ;).'WMCHTOB, o
Map!w lIpHMCCn
CTaJIH C Si !\in
Cr P S
nc OOJ!CC
CrO ::;0,2:3 - - 0,:'30 O,OtiO O,O/f
Cl<1c1l 0,11-0,22 0,12-0,:'30 0,-10-0,65 0,30 0,0-10 O,OS
CrJnc 0,14-0,22 0,05--0,17 0,40-0,65 0,30 0,040 0,05
Or3rllc 0,14-0,22 $0,15 0,80-1,10 0,30 0,040 0,05
CT4cII 0,18-0,27 0,12-0,30 0,40-0,70 0,30 0,040 0,05
01'5C11 0,28-0,37 0,15-0,35 0,50-0,80 0,30 0,040 0,05
10 0,07-0,1 ti 0,17-0,:37 0,T)-0,65 0,15 0,0:35 O,Oti
25 0,22-0,::30 0,17-0,37 0,;)0-0,80 0,25 0,035 0,01
:'30 0,:'32-0,tiO 0,17-0,:'37 0,.')0-0,80 0,25 O,O:'3S O,<M
IIplI.IICI((IIII1C. CO;le/DIG/iIIlt' IIHKeJIH II Me;III Ill' 60JIt'c 0,3 "",
T a6J1,u a JII.4. MeXaHH1JeCKHe cBoficTBa yrJIepO)J;HCTbIX H HH3KOJIempO-
BaHHblX cTaJIefi
T({6.1l1l1 a fJT.2. XHMH'leCKH" COCTaB HH3KOJIempOBaHHhiX CTaJIe"
BpeMeHHoe II pe,a;eJI OTHOeH- Y,a;apHM BH3-
TOJIIl\HHa eorrpOTHBJleHHe TeJIbHOe KOeTb KCU rrpH
MapKa eTaJIH TeKyqeeTH crr, TeMIIepaType 2
rrpOKaTa, MM rrpH pa3rrBe Mlla y,a;JIHHeHHe
cr., M a 0, % -40 'C, .D:m!eM
CTO 4 410-500 240 24 He per .
5-9 410-500 240 24 40
10-20 410-500 240 24 30
CT3cI1 4-40 380-490 240-250 25-26 He per .
CT4cI1 5-40 420-540 260-270 23-24 70-100
(20 °C)
CTSCI1 4-60 500-640 270-290 17-20 He per .
09f2 4 4S0 310 21 1>1>
5-9 450 310 21 3S
10-20 450 310 21 40
21-30 450 300 21 50
09f2C 32-60 460 300 21 50
10f2C1,lJ, 4 500-700 350 21 He perJI.
5-15 500-700 3S0 21 40
16-32 500-700 350 21 50
MaplG! fv1acconaJI :WJm ::}Jle 1eUTOB. ( o
CTa)ll! C Si Mn Cr I\i ClL
09f2 ::;0,12 0,17-0,37 1,-10-1,80 ::;0,3 ::;0,3 ::;0,30
09[2C $0,12 0.50-0, HO 1,30-1,70 $0,:3 ::;0,3 $0,30
10r2C1Jl $0,12 0,80-1,10 1,30-1,65 $0,3 $0,::3 0,15-0,:30
"
10XCH $0,12 0,80-1,10 0,50-{),80 0,6-0,9 0,6-0,9 0,tiO-O,60
10r2C1JlM 0,08-0,12 0,80-1,10 1,30-1,65 $0,3 $0,3 0,1S-0,30
1OXrCH1Jl $0,12 0,70-1,00 0,50-0,90 OA-0,7 1,3-1,6 0,30-0,60
llpIINc'l(/lme. CO;lep)\(aIlIll' ('Cpbl II lponpopa lit' oQjlee 0.03 ".
242
243
OK011'Iaitue ma6J1, ilIA
BpeMelllloe rIpe,/\eJl OTIIOeH- Y,/\apHaH Ba3-
MapKa eTaJlH TOJlIl\HHa eOIIpOTHB,1eHHe TeKyqeeTH crT, TeJlbHOe KOeTb KCU IIPH
npoKaTa, MM IIPH pa3 n bIBe Mila Y,/\JlHHeHHe TeMIIeparype
0'" M a 0, % -40 'C, .D:m/eM 2
10XCHl( 4 540-700 400 19 He perJI.
5-15 540-700 400 19 40
16-32 540-700 400 19 50
iOXfCH1l( 4-15 560 450 16 He perJI.
10f2C1l(M 16-32 540 400-450 18-19 50
10 4-60 340 He per . 32 He perJI.
25 4-60 530 »-»- 21 »-»-
T a6J1,u a JII.6. XHMH1JeCKOO COCTaB HeKoTopbIX BbICOKOJIempOBaUHblx
cTaJIefi, cO,ll;ep a HX HHKeJIb ,lI;0 2 %
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MapKa eTMH Si Cr Mo Ni V W Nb
C Mn
1X12B2M<D 0,10- 0,5- 0,5 11,0- 0,6- <0,2 0,15- 1,7- -
(311756) 0,17 0,8 13,0 0,9 0,30 2,2
18X12BMB(j)P 0,15- 0,5 0,5 11,0- 0,4- <0,6 0,15- 0,4- 0,2-
(31I993) 0,22 13,0 0,6 0,30 0,7 0,4
311752 0,10- 0,5- 0,6 11,0- 0,7- <0,6 0,15- 0,55- 0,15-
0,15 1,0 13,0 1,0 0,30 0,90 0,3
---
08X13 0,8 0,8 0,8 12,0- - <0,6 - - -
(31I496) 14,0 ,
I
I
12X13 (3)K-1) 0,09- 0,8 0,8 12,0- - <0,5 - - -
0,15 14,0 -
40X13 (3/K-4) 0,36-- 0,8 0,8 12,0- -- <0,6 - - -
0,45 14,0 ---
15X12BHM(j) 0,12- 0,5- 0,4 11,0- 0,5- 0,4- 0,15- 0,7- -
(31I802) 0,18 0,9 13,0 0,7 0,8 0,30 1,1
13X12H2B2M 0,10-' 0,6 0,6 10,5- 0,35- 1,5- 0,18- 1,6- -
<D (31I961) 0,16 12,0 0,5 1,8 0,30 2,0
18X11MH<DB 0,15- 0,6- 0,6 10,5- 0,8-- 0,5- 0,2- - 0,2-
(311291) 0,21 1,0 11,5 1,1 1,0 0,4 0,45
12X8MB(j)BP 0,10- 0,5- 0,5 6,0- 0,7- 0,5- 0,3- 0,55- 0,15-
(3rr505) 0,15 1,0 8,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,40
15X11M(j) 0,12- 0,7 0,5 11,0-- 0,6- - 0,25- - -
0,19 11,5 0,8 0,4
18X12BM<DBP 0,15- 0,5 0,5 11,0- 0,4- - 0,15- 0,4- 0,2-
0,22 13,0 0,6 0,30 0,7 0,4
OX14M<D 0,05-- 0,8- 0,2- 13,0- 0,2- - - - -
0,10 1,0 0,45 14,5 0,4
12X17 (3/K-17) 0,12 0,8 0,8 6-18 - - - - -
T6r'MHqeeKaH BpeMeHHoe ilpe,/\eJl OrHoeHTeJlbHOe
MapKa eTaJIH o pa60TKa H eOIIpOTHBJleHHe TeKyqeeTH crT, Y,/\JlHHeHHe
eOeTOHHHe npH IIPH pa3 n bIBe cr" Mila 0, %
noeTaBKe M a
20X OTO)K)KeHHaH - - -
40X - - -
18XfT - - -
30XIT faCT 4543-71 1500 1300 9
15XM Be3 440 230 21
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AMr6 5,86-6,80 0,5-0,8 - 0,0003-0,0050 0,02-0,10 Ti
AMr61 5,50-6,50 0,8-1,1 - 0,0001-0,0030 0,02-0,12 Zr
AMr61H 5,50-6,50 0,5-0,8 - 0,0001-0,003 0,10-0,17 Zr
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AJI9 0,20-0,40 - 6,0-8,0 - -
AJI3 0,35-0,60 - 4,5-5,5 - 0,6-0,9 Mn
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AJI7 - - - - 4,0-5,0 Cu
AJI19 - 0,6-1,0 - - 4,5-5,3 Cu
AJI8 9,5-10,0 - - - -
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(ISO OS) (A NOR)
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-
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-
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AMl\C (1401) - - - -
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AMr2 (1520) AIMg2 5051 N4 AIMg2MnO,3 A-G2
AMr3 (1530) AIMg3 5754 N5 AIMg3 A-G3
AMr4 (1540) AIMg4 5086 - AIMg4Mn
AMr5 (1550) AIMg5 5056A N6 AIMg5 A-G5
--
A,[(31 (1310) AIMgSi 6063 H9 AIMgSiO,5 A-GS
---
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1915 AIZn4Mg 7020 - AIZn4,5Mg1 A-Z5G
1915 AIZn4Mg 7005 - AIZn5Mg1
-
B95 (1950) AIZn6MgCu 7075 L95 AIZn5Mg1,5 -
257
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JIerHpYIOII(He aJIeMeHTbI KOTOpbIX HMeIOT 60JIbiliOe CpO)J;CTBO K aaory
(MOJIH6)J;eH, XPOM, aJIIOMHHHM). D.eJIb aaornpoBaHHS! - rrOBblIIIeHHe KOp-
poaHoHHoM CTOMKOCTH TBep)J;ocTH H HaHococTOMKOCTH. AaoTHpoBaHHe rrpo-
BO)J;HTCSI B rre'fax B cpe)J;e aMMHaKa rrpH TeMrreparype 500-550 °C B Te'feHHe
24-60 'f. TOJIII(HHa aaoTHpoBaHHoro CJIOS! - 0,1-0,6 MM. AaOTHpYIOT
)J;eTaJIH, )J;JIS! KOTOpbIX Tpe6yeTCS! BbICOKaSI KoppoaHOHHaSI CTOMKOCTb, BNCOKoe
corrpOTHBJIeHHe HaHOCY B YCJIOBHS!X aHaKorrepeMeHHbIX HarpyaoK, coxpa-
HeHHe rroBepXHOCTHOM TBep)J;OCTH )J;O 500-600 0c.
II.uanupoeanue - rrpOllecc O)J;HoBpeMeHHoro HaCbIlI(eHAA rrOBepXHOCTH
CTaJIH yrJIepo)J;oM H aaOTOM. OHO )J;eJIHTCSI Ha BNcoKoTeMrreparypHoe (900-
950°C B cpe)J;e rrpHpO)J;Horo raaa H aMMHaKa 5-7 %) H HHaKoTeMrreparypHoe
(540-560 °C B cpe)J;e rrpHpO)J;Horo raaa H aMMHaKa 20 30 %). faaoBoe
IlHaHHpoBaHHe HaaNBaIOT HHTpoIleMeHTaIlHeM. )KH)J;KocTHoe IlHaHHpoBaHHe
oCYlI(eCTBJIS!eTCSI B paCrrJIaBe IlHaHHCTbIX coe)J;HHeHHM rrpH TeMrrepaType 550-
570°C. D.HaHHpoBaHHe 06eCrre'fHBaeT BbICOKYIO rroBepXHOCTHYIO TBep)J;ocTb,
HaHococTOMKOCTb, YMeHbIlIeHHe Kop06JIeHHS! B rrpOllecce XHMHKo-TepMH'feC-
KOM 06pa60TKH.
B Ta6JI. 1111.2 rrpHBe)J;eHbI OCHOBHble rrOKaaaTeJIH, rrOaBOJISIIOII(He orrpe-
)J;eJIHTb opHeHTHpOBO'fHbIM xHMH'fecKHM COCTaB CTaJIH rro HCKpaM, KOTopble
06paaYIOTCSI rrpH ee 06pa60TKe a6paaHBHbIM HHcTpYMeHToM.
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CTaJIb LlBeT H xapaKTepHCTlfKa II)"IKa HCKp -,-
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CBeT bIM B 30He CropaHHH. MaJIO 3Be3Aoo6pa3-
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CpeAHeyr.lIepOAHCTaH He erH- IIpH rrOBblIIIeHHH COAepmaHHH yr epoAa o6pa 3 yeT-
pOBaHHaH (0,15-1,0 % C) CH 6o ee cBeT brn me TbIii: rry'lOK llCKp. M oro-
'lHC eHHble 3Be3AO'l:KH H OTBeTB eHJ1H yqeH
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He erHpOBaHHaH 3Be3AO'l:KaMH. IIpH rrOBbIIIIeHHH cOAepmaHHH yr e-
( 1,0 % C) pOAa YMeHbIIIaeTcH HpKOC'Ib H YKopa'lliBaeTCH rry-
'lOK HCKp
lI:H:3Ko erHpOBaHHaH C rrOBbI- IllHpoKHii:, HpKo-me Tbrn rryqoK HCKp; BHeIIIHHH
IIIeHHbIM COAepmaHHeM Map- 30Ha HHHii: HCKp oco6e Ho HpKaH. MHOrO'lliC eH-
raHl\a HbIe pa3BeTB eHHH yqeH
MapraHl\OBHCTaH (12 % Mn) IIpe06 a,'J;aHHe 30HTOo6pa3HbIX HCKp
KOHCTPYKl\HOHHaH 5IpKO-JI{e Tble HHHH HCKp B BHAe H3bI'l:KOB, pac-
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30He CrOpaHHH. IIpH rrOBbIIIIeHHH COAepmaHHH
yr epoAa Ha KOHl\ax HCKp rrOHB HIOTCH 3Be3AO'l:KH
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maHHeM yr epOAa H BbICO- AO'leK, c a6opa3BeTB eHHblli; HCKpbI rrpH HrraIOT
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BbIcoKo erHpOBaHHaH C rro- IIpH COAepmaHJ1H 35 % Ni KpacHo-me Toe OKpa-
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263
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CeqeHHH, MM 2
1,0 0,7854 0,00616
1,2 1,1304 0,00888
1,6 2,0106 0,0158 ,
2,0 3,1416 0,0247
2,5 4,908 0,0385
3,0 7,068 0,0555
3,5 9,621 0,0755
4,0 12,570 0,0986
5,0 19,635 0,154
6,0 28,270 0,222
6,5 33,180 0,260
7,0 38,484 0,302
8,0 50,270 0,395
9,0 63,617 0,499
10,0 78,540 0,617
12,0 113,097 0,888
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