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llepeBOA 11. JI. MAKAPOBOfl, H. A. CIlEillHEBA, IJ,3HH illH-JIYHA
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1-6-3
30-68

BCTYllUTEnLHAH CTATLH
II pll H3):(aHlIlI MeMya pOB 3aMe1J:a TeJIbHbIX JIIOeH 06bJItIHO HeT
He()!6xoIIMOCTII C006aTL 'tIIITa TeJIIO, 'tITO IIIpe):(CTaBJIHeT co60ii
}IX aBTOp III Ka'KYro 1I0JIb3Y IIpJIHeCeT 3HaKOMCTBO C ero 'I\HII'I'OH.
,l(aHHaH KHlIra HUHO He OTHOCIITCH K 9TOH KaTeropllll. AB-
TOp ee, IIy 11,- JIII1J:HOCTL He TOJIbKO HII1J:eM He 3aMe'tlaTeJIb....
HaH, 'HO 60JIee Toro - BeCLMa HerrpHBJIeKaTeJILHaH.
B 1908 ro,n;y ,n;BYXJIeTHIIM (TpeXJIeTHHM - 110 KIITaHcKoMY
JIeTOC1IHCJIeHHIQ) pet6eHROM B03Be.n;eHHb:rH Ha npeCTOJI, OH CTaJI
U'OCJIe)];HHM IHMIIelpaTOpOM MaHb"tJmYPCMoH a'CTHH U:iHH,
rrpaBHBmeii B KHTae 60JIee ABYX C nOJIOBHHOH CTOJIeTHH.
B !I\onn;e XVI BeKa HeMHOrOqHCJIeHHbIe tImyptImaHbCKHe
IIJI8MeHa, npOiRlIBaBmHe Ha ceBepe JIHOYHcKoro 1I0JIYOCT-
pOBa 11 rpYIIIIHpOBaBmneCH BOKpyr nJIeMeH'Horo COI03a
« MaHL1J:iROY», 6LIJIlI 06'be,n;UHeHbI TaJIaHTJIHBbIM nOJIKOBO,n;-
qeM H ['ocyapcTBeHHbJjM ,n;eHTeJlSiM Hypxa:qII 'B BoeHHo-<p30-
J(aJILHOe rocy):(a pCTBO U:HH (B nepBoe B'peMH OHO Ha3bIBaJIOCb
[(3H'HL), npe,IJ;lIpHHHBmee B Ha"IJaJIe XVII neKa cepHIO BoeH-
HbIX nOXO)J;OB Ha coce,n;HHe llJIeMeHa, a 3aTeM II IIpOTHB MOH-
rOJImI, KopeH II RHTaH. <Deo,n;aJIbHbIH RHTaH B TO BpeMH lIe-
peiRHBaJI rJIy60KHH BHYTpeHHHH KpII3HC. HellpepbIBHLIe
KpeCTLHHCKHe BOCCTaHHH B Ha"IJaJIe COpOKOBbIX rO)];OB lIepe-
pOCJIH B IMOm;HYIO eC'fbHHCKYIO BORHY. l\.or)];a B 1644 I'o,n;y
KpeCTbHH'CKaH aPMHH 1I0r( KOMa'HOBaHlleIM JIII l(3bI-"lJ3Ha 3a-
HHJIa CTiOJIHD;Y RHTaH .IIeKHH, JIH,n;ep BJIIIHTeJIbHOH BoeHHO-
cf>eo,n;aJIL'HOH KJIHKII npH ,n;Bope npaBIIBmeH TOr)];a cTpaHoH
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iRypCKHe BOHCKa BCTYIIHTb na TeppHTopHIO KHTaH, 1J:T06bI
COBMeCTHO C RHTaiicKHMII cf>eo,n;aJIaMH nO)];aBHTL BOCCTaHlIe
RpeCTLH'HCTBa. BOCIIOJIb30BaBmHcb 3THM, MaHb"IJiRypLI ,IJ;BH-
HYJIH CBOH BoiicKa Ha I1eKHH II... OCTaJIUCb TaM, c,n;eJIaB ero
CTOJIHn;en: CBoero n;HHCKoro rocy)];apCTBa, a 3aTeM npII no)];-
)];epiRKe Tex iRe KIITaHCKIIX £peO)];aJIOB 1I0CTeneHHO pacrrpo-
CTpaHIIJIII CBOIO BJIaCTb Ha BCIO TeppHTopHIO RHTaH.
MaHb"IJiRypCKoe 3aBoeBaHHe THiRKHM 6pe ' MeHeM JIerJIO
Ha IIJIe1J:H KHTaiicKoro HapO)];a, cnoco6CTBYH !J;JIIITeJILHOii KOH--
cepBaHH B CTpaHe cf>eO)];aJILHLIX OTHomeHHH. MaHb"tJiRYPCKHe
u KHTaiicRlIe £peOaJIbI CKOHn;e'HTpHpOBaJIII B CBOHX PYKax 3e-
5

MeJIbHYIO COOCTBeHHOCTb II ycn'1I11II 3KcIIJlyaTaQIIIO KHTan-
CKOrO RpeCTbHHCTBa. C JICI\:IIOtJIITeJIbHOM iI\eCTOIOCTbIO no-
,n;aBJIHJIII OHH JII061)Ie aHTIIcpeO,n;aJIhTIble II aHTIIlaIlbqmypCRIIe
BbICTYIIJIeHHH RIITaIrCHorO 11 ,n;Pyrnx HapO,n;OB, HaCIIJIbCTBeHHO
BRJIIOqeHHbIX B COCTan IIX lIMIICPJI'II.
B 80-x ro,n;ax XVIII BORa Ha-qaJICfl npoQecc BHYTpeIIHero
3arHHBaHIIH D;IIHCIoiI IIIIIepIIII; IfaHb"lImypCRoe BJIa,n;bI-qeCTBO
HenpepbIBHO CJIaoeJIO B pe3YJIbTa TO BOCCTaHIIll KIITaiicKIIX
RpeCTbHH (ca:MbIMIT IKpyrrHbIfIT IT3 HTIX 6bIJIII BOCCTaHHH Tan-
rrHHOB II HHHbD;3IOHeM B cepe,n;IIHe XIX BeRa) rr BblcTYIIJIeHIIM
OCTaJIMIbIX HapO;J;O'B II[rrorpIIII - 'MOHrOJIOn, yiirypo.n, YHraH,
MHO II )];pyrrrx, a TaKiI\e B pe3YJIbTaTe aTpelCCIIII 1<a'IJIITaJIHCTII-
'tfeCRITX rocy,n;apCTB, na-qa.rro HOTopofr 6bTJIO nOJIOiI\CHO aHrJIO-
HIITaiicIoii «OIIHY:MHOib> noiiIIOII 183f}-1842 rOOB.
IIocJIe HITOHO-KHTaHCKOM BOHHbI 1894-1895 TO)J;OB H HH-
TepBeHQ'nH BOCffiIII J1:epmaB IC el£blO rrOfJ:aBJIeHIIH rrapO]::(Horo
aHTJIIII{IIep'naJIIICTII1J:eCROrO BOC'CTanIIH HX3Tyancii B 1900-
1901 l'o;:J:ax }\'JITaii B npaBJleHHe rroc.i0J(HIIX IJ;JIHCRIIX HMIIe-
paTopOB ryaHclOH H CMeH'HBmero ('fO B 1908 rO:IY IIy 11
IIpeBpa TIIJICH B IIOJIYROJIOHIIIO IIIrrepJIaJIHCTIIl{eCRHX D;e'pmaB.
CTO rOpOf];OB, nopTOB II rrpHcTaHeII QHHCI\Oll llMnepIIH 6bT-
JIll OTRpbITbI ,n;JIH 6ecrrperrHTcTBeHHoll TOprOBJIII IIIIOCTpaHHbIX
I<arrIITaJIIICTOB. B TaIomeHHblX opraHax IIfrrepTIII Ha PYKOBO-
HHX rrOCTax pa6oTa.rro OROJIO )J;BYX TbICHQ IIHOCTpaHeB.
,L(BOP II npaBTITe:rbCTBO ObT:III orrYTaH:bI IaOaJIbHbIMII 3aiiMa-
1\-III IIHOCTpaHHbIX 6aHKoB. I1IrreprraJIIICTII"lIeCRHP ,n;epmaBbI
«apHH,TI;OBaJIII» "tJaCTH KIITanCKoii TepprrTopIIII, HMeJIH B I\IITae
CBOH ROHeCCIIII II CeTTJIblenTbL 6aHR,II, BJIa,n;e:rrr me,rre3HbIMH
,TI;OpOrafII, ma XT a.fIT, PYJJ;HrrKa fn, rra pOXOl1:lJbTIfII ROMrra HIIH-
:\III, TeJIe£pOHHbI:\fII .rrIIHIIHIII If T. J(. B CTO.TIJIQe IIeIJIIIe II no
Bcex CTpaTerII1:JeCIITX nYHRTax QIIHcI\on JInTeprrII HMeJIUC})
J\pyrrHbTe rapHII30IIbT ITHOCTpaHJlLIX BoiicI, a B IOpCKIIX II
ne1:JHbIX rropTax CTOHJIJI ITIJOCTpanHbTe 3CfnHQbI II RaHOHepKH.
JIHmb cepbe3IIbTe rrpOTIIBOpOtJIIH MCiI<J{Y nfrreprraJInCTH-qeCKII-
[rr epmaBaIII HaKanYIIe nepnon Irrponoii BOllHbY IIO:Mema-
:III rrx BoopYiIeH'HOJY BIrrna TeJIbCTBY B XO;( CIIHbxaiicKorr
peBo.'1IOQIJII n RIIT3 r. cBeprrnen QIIHCRYIO MOHa pxnIO *.
IIoCJlc OTpetIrnTIH IIIHCJOrO JI;Bopa OT ITpCCTOJla IIy 11
* PeBOJIJOQIJH B RnTae naqa,TJac h BOCCTanneM 'tJacTeii ',TqaHCKOro
rapIlII30na 10 OI\THOpH 1011 rOAa; 17 rPeBpaJIH 1912 roa B nOCJIe-
JInx quc,.a \: rO:I;3 r IT HI)\" a 11 no I\TTTa ii(,I\OIY ,TIYHnOIY R3,TJeHn;a pIO HH-
CRan J(TTHaCTJHf OTpeH.lar r. OT npeCTO:rJa OTCIOJJ:a ITa3BaHUe peBOJIIO-
IIJJJ - CunI>xaUCH3R.
6

(BceMH rOCYJJ;apCTBeHHbIl\IH ,J];eJIarMH 3a KOT'OpOl'O B ne,pno',J.
" ..
rrpeObIBaHIIH Ha l1pOHe BC)J;aJI ero {)TCU; - pereHT, BeJIIIRIIlI
KHH3b qY'Hb, pOJ];HOH 6paT HMTIepaT,Opa fyaHCIOH) :II elf 0 6JIH-
if\aHIIIee ohymeHlIe AO 1924 rOJl.a IIpo.n;OJImaJIlH rrpo-
inIIBaTb B IIeKIIHe, B IL'IlIcpaTopCROl Bope Ha TeppIITopIIII
TaR Ha3bIBaOMoro 3arrpeTHoro ropoa. CIeHIIBIIIee HHCIOO
rrpaBHTieJIbCTBO TaR Ha3bIBae:Moe pecrryOJlIIRaHCROe npanu-
TeJIb'CTBO, KOTopoe IJ03fJIaBJIHJI CTaBJIeHHIIK lI}lIIepnaJIHCTII-
l:IeCRIIX p;epmaB H KHTaHCROII cpeO;:J;aJIbHO-l\OMIIpaAOpCROll: pc-
aKD;HH reHepaJI IOaHb IIIn-KaII, a 3aTCM IIpaBIITeJIbCTBa pa3-
JIIIllHbIX MIIJIIITapnCTOB H3 6:JHHIICROii, ll}nHJIIIllCROII, <p3HTHHT)-
CROll, aHbXOH'CI-loii II )J;,pyrHx rpYIIIIIIp'OBOK IIpll3HaBaJlJll 3:1
 u
ObIBIIlIII IIHCKHM )J;BOpO:M pH IIpIIBIIJIerIIl1 II BbIII:Ial:JIIBa:III
e:MY KpYIIHble eHOjHIIble CYMl\IbI. B 1924 ro,n;y reHepaJI cDJH
IOH-CHH, 06'bHBIIBllIlIlr ce6H CTopOIIHnKOl KHTaHCKoro pCBO-
;1I0n;I10IIepa-)J;eIOKpaTa CYHb H T-ceHa, B03fJIaBJIHBIIIerO pC-
BOJIIOn;'IIOHHoe IIpaBHTC:IbCTBO IOmHol'o hlITaH, H3I"HaJI TIy II
II efO CBHTY H3 )J;BOpn;a. TIocJIe RpaTKoBpeleHHoro npe6bIBa-
HHH B HIIOHCKOH )J;HII.JIOla TIIQeCfiOII IIIC'CIIII B IIoKIIIIe, npe,];o-
cTaBHBIIIeH eMY rrOJIIITIIlleCKOe y6emlIm;e, TIy 11 IIepe6paJIcn
na IIOCTOJIHHOe mIITe:lbCTBO B THHbn;3IIHb, Ha TeppHTopIIIO
HIIOHOROH KoeCCHH, 're HaXOIIJICH no HaemHoii 3a-
Ill;ll T{) H Hlil OHIC RIIX B 0 H C,l\ II II OJI UIJ;II'II. B R 0 II U; e 1931 r O,J,:1
HIIOHQbI opraHII30BaJIII ero TaHHbIII rrepce3 na IIOIOHTpOJIb-
HYro HM Tepp:nTopHro MaHh4:mypHII.
B 3KcrraHc:nOHHCTCKHX nJIaHaX nIlIeplIaJIIICTIPIeCRIIX IPy-
rOB HliOHIIII CeBepo- BOCT01IHbIii RIITaii (IIJIII MaHbtImypIIH)
Bcef,n;a 3aHIIfaJI BII;:J;IIoe :MCCTO.
Em;e BO BpeIH BOHUbI C IIHChoii IIIlIcpIIe:ii B 18f)4-
1895 rO)J;ax, KOTopaH B OCHOBHOM BeJIaCb B IOlliHoii MaIIb 1 1-
myplIH H na JIflO)J;YIICl\OM: IIOJIYOCTpOBe, MOJIo;J;on nII1epIIa.JIII-
CTIIlleCKOll )J;epmaBe y,n;aJIOCb HaHeCTII O;J;pRXJIeBIIleMY cpeO;(aJIh-
HOMY RHTaro pelIIIITeJIbHOe nopameHIIe II 3aXBaTIITb COCC;J;-
HYOID C MaHbtImypneH Ropero, a nOCJIe BOHHbI 1904-1905
rO;J;OB C apcRoII Poccnen (KoTopaH TaKllie Be.rraCb ,Ha PdB-
IIIIHax II COIIl\aX MaHh4:nYPHII) YCTaHOBIITb cBoir BOCHHbIii
I\OH'VpOJIb II Ha)J; ,paH8o ap,eH'OBaIIHbII n;apeKOH POCCIl0ii
RBaHTYHCKIIM oRpyroI JIHO.n;YHCRoro rrO.JIYOCTpOBa B IOi-I\HoII
MaHb1:JmypHII. OlInpaHCb Ha tIaCTII l];IICJIOn;HpOBaBlIIenc H TaI
co mTa6-KBapTHpoii B AaiipeHe (AaTJHHe) oT6opHon l\Ban-
TYHCK'OM apMlimI II Ha HIIOH,CRYro IOmHo-lVIaHbQ}f\ypCRYIO iI\0-
JIe3HO;J;opOiRHYro :KOIIIaHlIro, HrrOHIIH CTaJIa rOTOBIITIC!l I
paClliIIpeJIIIIO cBooii arpeccIIII B MaHbl:lmypIIII.
7

llpOBaJI HnOHCKOH HHTepBeHHH Ha COBeT'CKOM AaJILHeM:
BOCTOKe, HaiRHM Ha HnOHHIO eo CTOpOHLI ,IU>yrHx HMTIepHa-
JIIICTIIqeCKIIX epmaB I10CJIe OKOH1JaHHH nepBOH IMHpOBOH
BOHHbI II pH,r( cpaRTopOB BHYTpeHHero IIopH,n;Ka Ha BpeMH npH-
OCTaHOBlIJIH HnOHCKYIO 3KCIIaHCHIO B MaHL1JmypHIO, o,n;HaKO
yme B HIOJIe 1927 roa Ha CIIen;IIaJIbHOH KOHepeHHH, coa-
BaHHOH MIIAoM HIIOHlIH no,r( npeAce,n;aTeJIbCTBOM rrpeMLep-
l\fHHHCTpa TaHaKa, 6bIJI o,n;o6peH MeMopa.H,n;YM «06 OCHOB-
Hoil nOJIUTHKe B OTHomeHHH RllTaH», KpaTtKOe coepmaHHe
ROToporo BLIpamaJIOCL B CJIe,n;YIOm;eH <ppa3e: «MaHL1JmYPHIO
II MOHrOJIHIO CJIep;yeT paCCMaTpHBaTL OT,r(eJILHO OT KHTaH B
CHJIY CneHaJIbHLIX HHTepeCOB HnOHHH».
18 ceHTH6pH 1931 rop;a, opraHH30BaB rrpoBoKaHoH'HLIH
«MaHL1J:iRypCKHH HHD;n,n;eHT», HIIOHCKHe BOHCKa oKKyrrHpoBa-
JIll CeBepoBoCTO"IJHLm RUTaH II nCKope C03aJIH TaM MapHO-
HeTOqHOe rocy,n;apCTBO MaHbqmoy-fo*. Bo rJIaBe ero OHH
rrOCTaBHJIH 6bIBmero HMIIepaTopa MaHL1JmypOKOH HHCKOH
HHaCTlIH 26-JIeT'Hero I1y II, KOTOpLIH aaTeM rrpe,n;a'HHO CJIY-
iRHJI CBOHM HnOHCKHM X03HeBaM n01J:TH 14 JIeT.
BbI60p HlIOHaMll ero KaH,n;H)J;a TypLI B Ka"IJe'CTBe rJIaBLI
:3TOrO MapHOHeTOqHOrO rocy,n;apCTBa 6bIJI, TaKHM 06paao.M, He
CJIyqaeH: OIIHpaHCL IHa npHTH3aHHH IIy II II ero OtKpymeHIIH
,Ha BOCCTaH'O'BJIeHHe !BJIaCTII IlHHOB na Bcen ,paHee 1II000JIaCT-
HOll MaHL1J:mypaM TeppllTopHII, HIIOHLI paCC"lJHTbIBaJiH coa-
,n;a TL <popMaJIbHLIH npe,n;JIor K TOMY, 1J:To6LI IJPH6pa TL R py-
KaM BeCb RHTaH II MOHrOJIbCKYIO HapOHYIO Pe.cny6JIHKY.
I1epHOJJ; npe6LIBaHHH I1y II B CeBepo-BoCTO"IJHOM RHTae
B RaqeCTBe MapHOHeTOqHOrO «BepXOBHoro rrpaBHTeJIH», a 3a-
TeAl, c 1lMa ' pTa 1934 ['o,n;a, B RalqeeTBe IHMII,epaTopa MaHb"t)]jR{)y-
fo 3HaMe.HOBaJICH YCTaHOBJIeIDIeM TaM meCTOKoro BoeHHO-
£f>amHcTcRoro rrpaBJIeHHH HIIOHCROH BoeHm;HHLI II rrpeBpae-
HHeM MaHmmYPHH 'B Ta'Ryro 'me ,K'OJlOOlrHIO HITIOH'CKOro HiMlIIe-
p'IIaJIH'3M:a, Ra II oocefWHH RopeH. Bee CbLpbeBLIe, [rDpOlM"bIm-
JIeHHbIe, JIIO,n;CKHe H Tpa'HCliopTHbIe pecypcLI Cenepo-BOCT01J:-
HbIX IIpOBHHHii RHTaH 6bIJIH rrOCTaBJIeHbI Ha cJIym6y Hrro-
HUH. PYKOBO,n;CTBO rrOJIHTHqec.KUMH, 3KOHOMHqeCRHMH, BoeH-
HLIfH II J];HIIJIOMaTH1J:eCKHMH ,n;eJIaMH B MaHL1J:moy-fo, paB-
HO HaK II ROHTpOJIb B 06JIaCTH HJ];eOJIOrHH, ocym;eCTBJIHJIH
HIIOHD;:bI. RambIii MHHHCTp-KHTaen; MapHOHeTO"IJHOro rrpaBH-
TeJIbCTBa HMeJI 3aMeCTHTeJIH-HIIOHa, £f>aKTH1JeCRH pemaB-
rnero 3a Hero Bce BOIIpOCLI. I1pH caMOM IIy II B 'Ka"IJeCTBe ero
* CJIOBO «fO» nO-KHTaiicKII 03HaqaeT «focYAapCTBO».
8

COBeT.HHKa H IIpe,n;CTaBJITeJIH HIIOHCKOrO HMlIepa TOpa HeOT-
JIyqHO HaXO,n;JIJICH reHepaJI-JIeiiTeHaHT ECHOKa, BJIa,n;eBillHH
KHTaHCKHM H3LIROM II nplICYTCTBOBaBmnii IIPH BCeX 6eceAax
H IIplIeMaX lIy II. BCeMJI IIo,n;pa3AeJIe.HIIflMH apMHII MaHL-
qmoy- fo, HaCqHTLIBaBmeii IIpJIMepHO 120 TblCHq "lJeJIOBeR,
TaKiKe Ha eJIe KOMaHOBaJIH HIIOHLI. Ha TeppHTopll1l MaHL-
"lJiKoy-fo Haxo,n;HJIOCL 15 HIIOHCKHX KOHCYJIbCTB, PYKOBOAHB-
mHX ,n;eHTeJILHOCTLIO MeCTHOH aAMHHHCTpaHJI, a HIIOHCKoe
IIOCOJILCTBO B CTOJIHn;e MapJIOHeTOqHOrO rOCYAapCTBa CHHb-
3HHe (QaHL"lJYHb) B03rJIaBJIHJI caM KOMaH,n;YIOHH RBaHTYH-
CKoii apMJIeH. lIo Tpe60BaHHIO HIIOHeB lIy II B IIIOJIe 1940
ro,n;a II3aJI YRa3 0 BBeAeHIIH HIIOHCKOH peJIHrHH - CIIHTOIl3-
Ma - B KaqeCTBe rocy,n;apcTBeHHoH peJIHrHH MaHb"IJiRoy-fo.
B ro,n;bl BTOpOH MHpOBOii BoiiHLI HIIOHJIH YCJIJIHJIa IIOAro-
TOBKY RBaHTY.HcKOH apMJIH K HalIa,n;eHHIO Ha COBeTcKHH Co-
103, paCCtIHTLIBaH Ha OCJIa6JIeHHe ero B xoe 60PL6LI C £f>amH-
CTCROH fepMaHJIeH II ee COI03HIlliaMII.
O,n;HaKO COBeTCKHe BoopYiKeHHLIe CHJIbl COpBaJiH 6pe,n;o-
BLIe IIJIaHbl HIIOHCKOH BoeHHHLI. 17 aBrYCTa 1945 ro,n;a B03-
,n;ymHo-,n;ecaHTHoe IIOpa3,n;eJIeHHe COBeTcKoii APMIIH, l\lOJI-
HHeHOCHLIM yapo,M 06pYlIIIIBmeecH 'Ha HIIOHCKHH BoeHHLIii
aapo,n;pOM B illaHLHHe (MYK,n;eH), 3aXBaTHJIO B IIJIeH lIy II,
ero CBHTY, COlIpOBOiRaBmHX lIy II HIIOHCKIIX reHepaJIOB
:EclIoKa H XacHMoTo, OiKHAaBmHX na aapo,n;pOMe HIIOHCKoro
CaMOJIeTa, KOTOpLIH )J;OJIiReH 6bIJI ,n;OCTaBHTL Bcex HX B Hrro-
HHIO. lIopameHHe RBaHTYHcKOii apMHH IIpHBeJIO K RarrHTYJIH-
HII .HIIOHHH H OKO'HqaHHIO BTOpoii MlIpOBOii BOHHLl. OKOJIO
IIHTII JIeT lIy II IIpOBeJi B Ra "£leCTBe BOeHHOIIJIeHHOrO B Co-
BeTCKOM COlO3e H 31 HIOJIH 1950 roa 6LIJI nepe,n;aH BJIaCTHM
RHTaHoRoH HapoAHoii PeclIy6JIIIKH, IIO npocL6e IIOCJIe)QIHX,
BMeCTe co CBHTOii II "lJJIeHaMII 6LIBmero MapHOHeTO"tJHoro
npaBHTeJIbCTBa MaHL"£liKoy- fo.
Bo BpeMH CBoero IIpe6LIBaHHH B CCCP lIy II ,n;aJI IIpO-
CTpaH'HLIe IIOKa3aHIIH 0 ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTII IIpaBHTeJILCTBa MaHL-
"lJmoy-ro H 0 HIIOHCKOH IIOJIIITIIKe B MaHL"lJmypHII.
B aBrYCTe 1946 ro,n;a OH BLICTYlIaJI B Ka"IJeCTBe CBHeTe-
JIH o6BHHeHHH B MeiR,n;YHapOAHOM BoeHHOM TpH6ynaJIe AJIH
,[(aJILHerO BocToKa B To KilO, r,n;e TaKiRe coo6IqHJI pa3JIIPIHLle
H.HTepeCOBaBmHe TpH6YHaJI CBeeHHH 0 HIIOHCKOM BJIaALIqe-
CTBe B MalHL"lJiRypHH II 0 IIO)J;rOTOBKe HIIOHCKOH BoeHHHoii
BOHHLI C COBeTCKHM COlO30M C TeppHTopHII MaHL"tJiRoy-fo.
HeJIL3H He OTMeTHTL, "tJTO KaK B CBOHX nOKa3aHHHX, ,n;aH-
lIpI COBeTCKHM BJIaCTHM B 1945 ro,n;y II MeiR,n;YHapo)J;HOMY
9

noeHIIOIY Tpn6yna:IY B TOHno B 1946 ro,n;y, TaR H Ha CTpa-
EIIax ,n;aHHoir I{HIIrn TIy M, rOBopH 0 KOJIOHUaJIb'HOM, BoeH-
IIO-IIOJIIIQeiicRO1 peiRIIIe, YCTalIOBJIeHHOM HIIOHCRlIMII IIMIIe-
p:Ha.JIIICaIII B MaHb1Jmoy-ro, BCHQeCKII CTapaJICH 06eJIHTL
ce6H II CBOIIX IIpnOJIIImCHHbIX, CHHTb C ce6H OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb 3a II3l\IeHY CBoe:MY Hapoy, 3a CBOII THmeJIbIe npeCTYII-
.1:eHIIH IIepe HUM, 3a aRTIIBHoe H rHYCHoe IIoc06HII"£leCTBO
JIMilepIIaIIC TIPIeCRII1 yrHeTa TeJIHM.
I1oc;ro TIe,pea"£lII IIy II R'HTaiieKHl B.ITaCTHM OH HaXO.IJ;I1JICH
CHaqaJIa B TlOpeMHoI 3aKJIIO"tfeHHII B <DymYHe H Xap6lIHe,
a 3aTeI, C ROHa 1952 roa,- Ha pemlIle cneIIOCeJIeHIIH.
TIOpeIHbIM II JIarCpHbIll pcm'IIILI 6:bIJlII IICliJJIO'lIHT,e;rbHO
:IbPOTHbL\III: TIy II IperYTJHpHO TIOclIYQa:I KHurIl, ra3CT:bI, cay-
IlIa:! paIIO, 3aHIIIaJlCH CIIOpTOM, CMOTpeJI KIIHO{IJIIJIbMbI II
Tea TpaJIbHbIe IIOCTaHOBKII, IIpIIHHIaJl II'HOCTpaHHbIX rocTeir
II RoppeCIIOHeHTOB, e3IIJI Ha 3RCRypCHH Ha rrpe,n;rrpHHTHH,
crpoiIHII, B lliROJIbI 'n ce.J:bCJ\oX03HiicTBCHH:ble KOMM:YHbI. (Xa-
paRTepHO, "lITO aHaJIOrIPIHbIii pefl{IIM paCIIpOCTpaHHJlCH II Ha
omlIaBmIIX cy,n;a HIIOHCKIIX BoeHHbIX IIpeCTYIIHIIROB, co,n;ep-
maBmIIXCH B RHP B Tex me :MeCTax 3aRJII01JeHIIH, "tJTO H I1y
H. Pa3HIIa fem.n;y HIIfII H I1y H COCTOHJIa JIlImb B TOM, TJTO
I1X Cy,;w.aII, a I1y II TaR II HO 6"bIJI CYAIEM'>
Bce 3TO BpeMH I1y H ,n;eHTCJIbHO «IICPCBOCIlUTbIBaJICH», CII-
CTeIa TIPICCRII e:Ia:I 3aHBJleHIIH 06 OCYJI{;J;eHIIII CBOHX nporn-
JIbIX ,n;ciicTBIIiI II IIocTyrrIoB, cJlymaJI ;rCI{IIII II IIOJIHT6ece;U;bI,
I13YQaTI IIporraraHIICTCRYIO JIIITepaTYPy, IIpn06aJICH K £f>n-
3II"£leCKOfY TPYJJ:Y, BbIcTy,rra.:I B KpYiHRax xY'Ofl{eCTBeHHoii ca-
l\IO;Ie HTelbIJOCTII II T. ,n;.
B eRa6pe 1959 ro)];a, TJepe3 Ba IeCHa IIOCJIe Toro, KaK
TIy M II 60:IbillOir rpYIIIIe BoeIIHbIX IIpeCTYIIHIIROB 6bIJIa 06'b-
HBJIena a:MHnCTHH, OH 6bIJI oCB060meH II eMY pa3penm:JIH
rrpOI-HIIBaHile B TIeRIIHe.
Em;e B fapTe 1960 ro)];a, Ror,n;a I1y H CTaJI pa60TaTb B
IleRIIHcRof 60TaHII"lJeCROM ca;u;y HHcTHTYTa 60TaHIIKn IIPH
AHacfIIII HayR RHP, OH IIa"tfa.rr IIuea Tb «aBT06II'O-
rpaw'ulO». r'OAOM rr03f1,e, Yil\C 6yyqII COTPY;J;HIII{QI)I ROMIIITCTa
no 1I3YQCHTIIO IICTOpnQCCRIIX Ia TOpMaJIOB IIPH BccRIITaMcKoM
Hapo,n;Ho-I1oJlIITIIQOCROI ROHcYT[bTaTIIBIIo1 COBeTe, I1y H
BCen;eJIrO 3aHHJICH CROCI I RIIIIroii. B a.rrpe;re 1962 po-
;:(a OH IQI,a3a::rCH ;J;CHIYTa TO'.U Bcc'R'llTailcKoro HapQiHO-
IlOJIHTIIQeCKOrO ROHcYlbTaTIIBHoro COBeTa. Ily II aI{TIIB-
HO IIOCem;aJI o<pIIIIaJIbHble IIpIIelbI II 6aHKeT:bI, pa3J];a-
BaJI HarrpaBo II Ha;JCnO IIHTepBblO RHTa iiChII1 II IIHocTpa HHbIf
10

1\oppecn6IleIITaM, OOMI-\O B:bICRa3:bIBaJICH no pa3JIIPIH:bIM l\leil-
;:I,YHapOI1bL\I BOIIpOCaI. B 1964 rOAY B IloHIIHo ObIJIa 1I3,D;aHa
oro lliIMra «fIOpnaH rrOJIOBtIIHa l\IOeH I-I"II3IIlI». Bo}\{)V e rroc;re
8Toro HMH TIy M HCtJe3JIO co CTpaHHI.\ RHTanCRlIX ra3eT, a B OK-
TH6pe 1967 rOAa areHTCTBO «CHHbxya» JIa'l\OHUtJHO coo6n.rro
o ,ero IC,l\ICpTll.
* * *
qe,M Ine fllHTepeC'Ha l\HIIra ITy 11, llpeJIaraeMaH BHII-
l\faHIIIO COBeTCl\UX 1JUTaTeJIeii?
BpH,D; JII! ee MOJI\HO C1JMTaTb aBT06norpacpMeiL COBepmeH-
H'O otJ:eBH,IWO, itJTO o()Ha 'DJp,e;::(CTaB:JHGT 'Co60iI KOJIJIeRTIIBH:bIll:
TP Y,D; r pyrr n:bI B:bI co KO KB a JIH: <p IIn;II po Ba H H:bIX C II enIIaJIII C T 0 B - II c-
TOpIIKOB, npIIBJIOqeIIH:bIX B nO10b «aBTOpy».
ITo 60raTcTBY coepmaerOCH 'B 'HeM cpaRTlftIeCOro MaTe-
puaJIa, 1JTO caMO no ceoe Tpe60BaJIO IIpoBeeHHH cnen;IIab-
H:bIX IICCJIe,D;OBaHMII, no xapaRTepy H3JIOiHeHUH 11 CBoeMY JIII-
Topa TypHOMY CTM.iIIO 8Ta RHnra HBHO B:bIXO,D;HT 3a rrpe,D;eJIbI
HHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHOrO ypOBHH, 3pYIIn;IIH 11 JIIITepaTypHbIX CIIO-
CooHOCTeII TIy M. 06 z rOl\'I, no cyeCTBY, rOBopilTCH II B 3a-
py6emH:bIX peu;eIl3IIHX Ha ero RHllry *. C BnOJIHe IIOHHTHOH
CKpOMHOCT:bIO 3TO nO,D;TBepil-\p;aeT II caI aBTOp: « YtJpem,D;eHIIe,
B KOTOpO:\! H paOOTaJI, - IInmeT OH, - C03p;aJIO ]J;JIH MeHH ,M:ac-
cy Y06CTD, npe,D;OCTaBIIB l\IHe, B 1JaCTHOCTII, MHomeCTBO n;eH-
H:bIX HCTOpH1JeCKMX M:aTepnaJIOB. EJIarOapH rrOMOrn;H MHorHX
He3HaROI\I:bIX 1fHe p;pY3eii H C10r IIOJIYlIIIT:b pH,D; n;eHH:bIX cBe-
,D;OH'lIH H3 6Ir6JillI{)TeK II a pXIIBOB, a TaRmc rrOJIL30Ba T:bCH 'Ma-
TepHaJIa}III, cnen;lIaJI:bHO Hall,J;eHHbIMH ,D;JIH l\feHH. HeKOTOp:bIe
113 Hnx 6:bIJIII CJIOBO B CJIOBO nepenlICaH:bI II3 pe1JaMmIIX IIC-
TOtJHIIKOB JIIO:bMJI, KOTOp:bIX H HIIKora He BIIeJI. YT01JHIITb
II IIpOBepUT:b IIIorIIe c))aRT:bI II CBeeHIIJI IIOIOrJIII MHe pa60T-
BURff H3aTeJI:bCTB» **.
KHnra, HecoIHeHHo, nOJIe3IIa yme nOTOIY, lITO B Hen CO-
,D;epmIITCH 60JIbJIlOn p;OKYIeHTaJI:bH:bIft Ma TepnaJI (B 3Ha"tJll-
TeJI:bHOii CBoen l.IaCTM BnepBbIC I1CnOJI:b3yeM:bIH B nCTOpJPIe-
CKOM JIIITepaType) 0 IIOJIIITIPIeCROM IICTOpIIII n;MHCKoro KIITaH
C IIOCJIe,D;HeiI "lIeTBepTH XIX BeRa H o cBepmeHMH n;H.HCKOH
* CL, HanpHlep, J e rom e C h'e n, The Last Enlperor of China.
Bulletin of the School of Oriental' and African Studies, Universty of
London. Vol. XXVIII, part. 2, 1963, pp. 336-355. Henry 1V\cAie-
a v y, From Emperor to Citizen. Book Review. The China Quarterly,
N 27, 1966, pp. 180-182.
** CI. A ii C II H b r II 0 P 0 IT y M. BO,I1;hI D;51Hb 6aHh maR
ITeKIIH, 1964.
11

IIHaCTIIH B pe3YJILTaTe peBOJIIOHH 1911 roa, 0 3aXBaTBtttte-
CKHX rrJIaHaX H eftcTBMHx HITOHCKllX HMITepllaJIllCTOB B RII-
Tae, 0 C'03,IJ;aHtH!1I IIM!l:I IMapllOHeTQltIHOrO MaHL'IliKoy- f011I tKOJIOHll-
'aJIbHbIX II{)pHHaX, YCTaHOBJIeHHLIX JI'MII B aTOM «l'ocyapCTHe».
B HeH IICIIOJIb30Ba,HbI apXllBHLIe .n;OKYMeHTLI II MaTeplIaJILI
IIHCJ\'Oro ABopa II npaBllTeJlLCTBa, «Ha6poORII no MCTOIpHiH
I(IIHCKOH IIHaCTlIll» (QHHmH rao), HeBHHKII OTa IIy II-
BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H-pereHTa qYHH H BIIAHLIX nplIABopHLIX ca-
HOBHHK{)B, MaTeipnaJILI ,[(erra'pTaMeHTa :HM'IIepaTOpCIROIDO BO-
pa (HaH Y <Py), pa3JIIPIHbIX MHJIIITapHCTCKIIX rrpaBHTeJILCTB
IIeKIIHa 3a nepHO C 1912 ITO 1927 roAbI, OKYMeHTaJILHLIe
nCTotJHHKH, OTHOCHID;lIeCH R eHTeJILHOCTH MapHoHeTotJHoro
IIpaBHTeJILCTBa IIy II II HIIOHCKIIX BJIaCTeii B MaHLlIiKoy- fo,
KHTaMCKaH II HHOCTpaHHaH npecca.
B KHHre coepiKlITCH eJIaH raJIepeH nopTpeTOB pa3J1HtJ-
HLIX IIOJIHTlItJeCKIIX eHTeJIeH RHTaH KOHa XIX - cepe}J;II-
RLI 40-x rOJJ;OB XX BeKa: BOBcTBYIOID;eii HlMIII8IpaTpIID;LI 1(LI
Cll - BOlOpOHOH 6a6Kll IIy 11, reHepaJIa lOaHL illlI-KaH,
MapmaJIa ,[(yaHL l(H-iKYH, OAHoro II3 JIHAepOB MOHapXIICTOB
reHepaJIa qmaH CIOHH, KHTaHCKHX MHJIIITaplICT'OB qiKaH
l(30-JIIIHH, Y IIaH-<py, KOHCTHTYHOHHbIX MOHapXIICTOB RaH
IO-BaH, JI'HH QII-1IaO, BaH r O-BaH, JIo qIiK3HL-IOH 11 ,I(rp. BLI-
3LIBalOT OIIpeeJIeHH:bIH HHTepec H CBeeHIIH 0 npeACTaBHTe-
JIHX HIIOHCKOH noeHID;IIH:bI - MTaraKH, ,[(OHxapa, YMa3Y,
ECH,oRa :II JJ;p., JIOIMa TlPIeCKJIlX II !ROHCYJIbCKlllX npeCTaBII-
TeJIHX IIMIIepnaJIHCTlItJeCKHX epiKaB B RHTae, eHTeJIHX Ma-
pHOHeTOtJH,oro rOCY}J;apCTBa MaH:btJiKoy-fo.
qlITaTeJIL Y3HaeT JrIHoroe 00 HpaBax II 06:bItJaHX MaHL"tI-
iKypCKoro }J;Bopa HaKaHYHe peBOJIIOHH 1911 rO}J;a, 0 KpaHHeM
HeBeiKeCTBe, 06cKypaHTH3Me MaH:btJiKypCKIIX npaBHTeJIeM, 0
3aKYJIHCHOH .n;eHTeJI:bHOCTH B CTpaHe areHTOB HMITepHaJIHCTH-
"tIeCKIIX epiKaB.
CO}J;epiKalIeCH B «aBT06Horpa<pHH» IIy II ,I(OKYMeHTaJIL-
HLIe CBe}J;eHHH YJIlPIaIOT 11 Tex, KTO IT:bITaeTCH pea6HJIHTHPO-
BaTL 3aXBaTHH"tIeCKHe }J;eHcTBHH HllOHCKHX HMIIepHaJIHCTOB B
CeBepo-BocTOtJHOl\1 RHTae, npe}J;CTaBHTL STY arpeCCHIO KaK
CaMO"tInHH:bIe ,I\eMCTBIIH MOJIO,IJ;:bIX HIIOHCKHX o<pHepOB, BLI-
3BaHH:bIe K TOMY iKe «POCTOl\I KHTaMCKoro HaHOHaJIH3Ma II
cym;ecTBeH HLIM pa3BHTHeM COBeTCKoro KOMMYHH3Ma» *. Ho
* CM., HanpHfep, Sad a k 0 N. 0 gat a, Defiance in Manc.huri,a.
The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy 1931-1932. A Publication of
the Center for Japanese and Korean Studies, University of California,
Berkley, 1964.
12

orry6JI:HK'OBaHHLIe B OOBpelMeHHoOH JlHTepaType aHHbIle HCHO ro.:;
8'OpJIT TOM, "'ITO em;le IO 006LITIIH 18 ceHTH6pH 1931 ro,n;a HIIOH-
OKIIe HM1IIepIIaJIIICTLI llJIamrpOBaJIH C03JJ:aHIIe IB Ceepo-Bo-
CTOrtIHOIM RHTae IIpOHIIOHCRODO 'Ma1pJIOHe'TOqHOrO IIpaBHTeJIhCTBa
BO rJIaB'e C OLIBillmM 'IIIMillepaTOpOM D;HHC.ROH IIIHaCTJIII IIy M.
(RcTaTII CKa3aTL, nOIILITKII CBaJIHTL OTBeTCTBeHHOCTL 3a
aIlpeCOHIO H'II'OHIJiH 'B CeBepo....BoCTO"'IH{W RHTae 'OTHIOL Be
HOBbI. EID;e B <peBpaJIe 1945 rOAa, RorJ(a npaBHID;HM KpyraM
H,II'OHRH CTaillO HCHO, 'tITO B{)HHa [IpOaHa, npHHD; RO'HO III
ero CTopOHHIIR cTapbIH IIJI'OMaT ECH,n;a fi I OWOTOB'llJIlR MeMO-
paH,D;YM IIMIIepaTOpy, B KOTOpOM nbITaJIIICb B3BaJIHTb OTBeT-
CTBeHHOCTb 3a TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIll: MaHLlIiKYPCKHll: IIHD;II,n;eHT
1931 rOJ(a II IIOCJIeJ];YIOID;lIe aRTLI arpeCCIIII Ha MOJIObIX BoeH-
HbIX, 1IIR06LI JJ;eHcTBoBaBillIIx no HayeHIIIO ROMMYHIICTOB,
tIT06DI CBeprHYTb 3aKOHHoe npaBIITeJILCTBO HIIOHIIII.)
RHHra IIpOJIHBaeT CBeT II Ha nOJ];JIHHHbIe 06CTOHTeJIbCTBa
«IIOXHID;eHIIH» TIy If HIIOHD;aMH. Ao He,n;aBHero BpeMeHII B 3a-
Py6eiKHoii JIIITepaType 6bIJIa illHpORO pacnpOCTpaHeHa Bep-
'CIDI 0 era HaClIJIbCTBeHHOM BblB03e H3 TJlHb3mm. TaK, B-
HLIH OOelJjHaJIlBCT no HICTOpIIH CTpaH AaJlbHero
BocToRa a l M,epllKaHOKHH npoeccOlp RJlOIJ]. Eac'c 'B IRBlHre
«A3HH B COBpeMeHHOM MlIpe», oIIy6JIIIKOBaHHoH B 1964 ro,n;y,
lIHCaJI: «B KOHD;e 1931 ro.n;a nOJIKOBHHK AOHxapa opraHH30-
BaJI KHH060eBIIK YiKaCOB. IIpll nOMOH raHrCTepOB II "'IJIeHOB
Tall:HbIX o6ID;ecTB B THHbD;3IIHe OH IIOXHTIIJI IIy If, OTBe3 ero
aa CTOHBillee no,n; napaMH CYHO H BbIBe3 B ceKpeTHoe YKPbI-
THe B MaHb"'IiKypIIH» *. OJ];HaKO IIpnBeJ];eHHbIe B RHHre MaTe-
pHaJ1bI y6ef)JIITeJlbHO OBHeTeJIbCTBYIOT 00 06pOBOJlLH{)IM: xalpaK-
Tepe COTp'YWIBJ1IeCTBa IIy If C HIIIOHOKIIMH IIMIIepIIaJlIICTaMH.
B KHHre paCCKa3LIBaeTCH II 0 AeHTeJILHOCTH CTOpOHHHKOB
peCTaBpaHH IIHCKOH MOHapXHH, 06 YCTaHOBJIeHIIII npH IIX
IIOMOID;H HeIIOCpeJ];cTBeHHoH CBH3H IIy If C HIIOHD;aMH. RpoMe
TOro, OHa AaeT OIIpeAeJIeHHOe npeACTaBJIeHlIe II 0 caMOM «re-
poe pOMaHa» - IIy If.
MaJIoy6e,n;IITeJIbHbI Bce IIonLITKH aBTopa, a TaKiKe TeX,
KTO nOMOraJI eMY B HaIIHcaHIIH «aBT06Horpa<pHH», npeJ(CTa-
BHTL ce6H KaK HeBHHHYIO iKepTBY J(ypHoro BOCIIHTaHHH, H30"
6pa3HTL B caMOM 6e306HAHOM BH,n;e CBOH rHYCHbIe ,n;eJIa. Tpyc..
JIHBbIH, 6ecnpHHIJ;HIIHbIH 11 6ecxa paKTepHbIH BJIaCTOJII06eD;,
BTaHHe Me1JTaBillHH 0 B03BpaID;eHHH Ha TpOH KHTaHCKoro HM-
* C I a u de A. Bus s, Asia in the Modern World The McMillan
Co 1964, New York, p. 382.
13

llepa Topa, ITy Ii <paKTUqeCRH Bcer,n;a 6bIJI l\Ia pnOHeTROII B
py,Kax Y Tex, RTO 60poJICJI 3a BJIaCTb JIJIH HaXO)J;IIJICH Y BJIa-
CTH,- cnepBa Y rrpII,n;BopHOll 3HaTll, y-qaCTBYJI B eo HHTpIIrax
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OTBe}];eHa e:MY B 3aXBa THIPJeCKllX IIJIaHaX JlnOHCI{IIX IIMnepna-
JIHCTOB. OH 6bIJI ycep,J;HbIM noco6HIIROM II :MIlJIIITa pIICTa
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II JlIIOHCKOro pa3Be,J;QlIKa ,[(OIIXap:bI, II ,n;pyrnx HM nOA06H:bIX.
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,.,
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noc.rrcnoeHH'OH «I1 , e,pORO'BKH» DB MaJIO H3MeHIIJI'CH, JI HCTPYA-
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HlIfl» .
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COBeTCKIIH "lJlITaTeJIb B RHlIre TIy Ii. KOHe1IHO, OHa He cO,rJ;ep-
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,0 IK{)TOPOM B Hell: HeT 'pC"Ilb. OHa He ,n;aeT HO'qlelPn:bIBaIOm;eDO
IIpeCTaBJIeHIHH HIlI 0 Mem.n;YHapO,l];HOM II BHYTp:WIORTHqeCcr\OM
<pOHe IQlnnC:bIBaeM:bIX 006:bIT l nii, BIR '0 eYITJ;H{)ICTH OCHOB'H:bIX no-
JtHTII-qeclIX 'CRJI, eHCTBOBaBIIllIX B CTpaHe B paCCIaTp'IIBaeMblii
rrepHO,n;, HH 0 mH3HII II 60p:b6e Hapo,n;H:bIX Macc KHTaJl. HeMa-
JIO 'B Hen II py'rlIx He,l];OCTH TI{'OB. OWIao BPH}]; JIll IKT{)-JIUOO
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0Y,rJ;eT rrpe}];DHBJIJlTL K HeM TaKHe TpeOOBaHHH.
Ho, Ha Ham B3rJIH,IJ;, YiKe TO, lITO B neH co,n;epmIITCH, 6e3-
YC:IOBHO, 3ac,.ymnnaeT BHIL\1aHHH COBeTCRoro TIHTaTeJIH.
. * .
Kal\ yme YII0IIIIIa.aOCb, KHura TIy Ii «IIepBafl nOJIOBIIHa
MoeN mn3HH» Ha KHTaiicKoI H3:bIRe B:bIIlIJIa B cneT B 1964 ro-
}];y. C Hee II C}];eJIaH rrpeJIarae:M:blii tJHTaTe.rrIO PYCCKllH nepe-
no}];. B HeM OIIym;eH:bI 3aK:II01JHTeJIbHbIe rJIaB:bI, OIIHCbIBaIO-
IIJ;ue rrpon;ecc «nepeBOcnIlTaHIIH» ITy Ii, nOCKOJI:bKY olIn He
rrpe,n;CTaBJIJlIOT HIIKaRofI HaYtJHOll n;eHHOCTH II CJJymaT rJIaB-
HbIM 06pa30M 1JJICTO rrpOnaraH)];IICTCRHM eJJHM.
C. TUX6U1tC1'i,UU

rJIaBa nepBaH
MOil CEMbH
Mon AEA - BEJIltJKllR RHH3L QYHb
H pO,n;IIJICH B n eHIIHe B pe31I,n;eHD;IIH BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H Qy-
HH 7 <penpaJIH 190G roa (no JIYHHOMY RaJIeH}J;a'pro 140 "Ilnc-
JIa nepBoro MeCHD;a TpH,IJ;D;aT:b BToporo rO,IJ;a npaBJIeHHH ryaH-
CIOH). MOB ):(eJ.]; II XyaH:b-ce',IJ;bMOH CbIH !JIMlnelpaTopa ,[(aorya-
Ha - CHa-qaJIa HOCIIJI THTY.rr KHH3H BTOpOl1 CTeneHII, 3aTeI
CTaJI BeJIIIKHM RHH3eM, a nOCJIe KOHtIIIH:bI eMY 6:bIJI nOlliaJIO-
BaH nOCMepTHbIiI TIITYJI «CHH:b» - My,n;p:bIii. BIIOCJIe,n;CTBIIII
ero TaR II Ha3LIBaJIH - BeJIHKHll: RHH3b qYHb-CHHb. Moll: OTen;,
Q3aH <DaH, 6:bIJI IIHT:bIM CbIHO1 Y ,n;e,n;a. TIepBLIH, TpeTHH U
-qeTBepT:bIH CbIHOB:bH p;e,n;a YMepJIH em;e B ):(eTCTBe, BTOpoii
CbIH - Q3aH THH:b - 6bIJI BBe,n;eH BO )J;BopeD; CBoen: TeT,KoH co
CTOpOHbI Ma Tepn, B,n;OBCTBYIOm;eii: llMrrepa TpHD;eH QbI CH, II
CTaJI IIMrrepa TOpOM fyaHcroii, n03TOMY nOCJIe CMepTII Ae,n;a TH-
TYJI BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H YHaCJIe,n;OBaJI MOll QTeD;. H 6bIJI CTa pmHI
CbmOM BToporo nOROJIeHIIH RHH3H qynH. MHe '6bIJIO OKOJIO Tpex
neT, Ror,n;a B ,n;Ba,n;D;aTbIH p;eHb ,n;eCHToro !\IeCHD;a no JIYHHOMY
Ka.rre:ma pro (13 HOJIDpH 1908 oa) THme.rro 3a60JIeJIJI BOB-
CTBYromaH 'IfM[JepaTpHa QLI CH II IIMlIIepaTOp fyaHcroii. U::bI
Cn HeOlliH,n;aHHO peIlIHJIa c,n;eJIa T:b l\IeHH HaCJIep;HHROM TpOHa,
H CTaJI npIIefH:bIM C:bIHOM lIlrrepa Topa TYH"tJlliH (ROTOp:bIii
6bIJI pOHbIM CLmOM D:LI Crr II BOJOpO)J;HLIM 6paToM Q3aH TH-
OH co CTOpOH:bI oTD;a) II HaCJIe,n;HHKOM lIIrrepaTopa fyaHcIOH.
CrrycTH )J;Ba ):(HH nOCJIe Moero nOHBeHHH BO ,n;BopD;e fyaH-
CIOH CKOH"tJaJICH, a 3aTeI YMepJIa II U::bI ClI. B ,n;eBHTLIH ,n;eH:b
OIIHHap;D;aToro MeCHa (2 ,n;eKa6pH 1908 ro,n;a) H BCTyIIIIJI Ha
IIpeCTOJI nop; )J;eBH30M ro,n;OB npaBJIeHIIH CIOaHbTYH, CTaB ,IJ;e-
CHTbIM D;IIHCKHM IIMnepaTopOJ\1 H nOCJIep;HHM IIMIIepaTopO:M
RIITaH. He npomo II Tpex JIeT, KaK pa3pa3IIJIaCb CIIHLxaii-
CHaR peBOJIIOD;IIH II H OTpeICH OT npeCTOJIa.
MO'H rrepBbIe 'BOCIIO:M,IIHaHHH CBH3aH:bI C 'MOMeHTO1 OT'pe-
tJeHHH. Ho ,nJIH 60JI!Jmen HCHOCTll H Ha"IJHY COIO RHury C OTTU-
15

caHHH iKH3HH }J;e}J;a H Moeii CeMbH, KOTOpaH iKHJIa B TO BpeMH
B pe3H}J;eHD;1I1I ,K'HH3H qYHH.
Pe31I)];eHD;IIH KHH3H qYHH :B IIeKIIHe TpHiK}J;:&I MBHHJIa
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lIalO CBOIIX rrpe)];meCTBeHHHKoB eMY rrOJIaraJIOc:& nOJIYtIlITL
pe31I}J;eHD;1I1O BHe )];BOpn;a. IIOiKaJIOBaHHaH eMY pe31I)];eHD;HH
6:&IJIa paCrrOJIOiKeHa Ha BOCTO"tJHOM 6epery 03epa Taii'MHHxy B
IIeRHHe, 'H'e',I];aJIeI\lO 'OT BOpOT ClOaH:&M'3H:&, Ta'M, lr}J;e ceH'"tJac
HaXO}J;IITCH [(eHTpaJIbHaH ROHcepBaToplIH. 3TO II 6LIJIa nep"
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CTaJI IJ:3aii THHL, eII(,e co BpeMeH 10 R1l!iR3H a (1721-
1735) nOJIaTaJIOC:&, lIT06LI «MeCTOM !IIipOI(BeTaIDIH HM'rrepaTO-
pa» (TaR Ha'3:&IBa ' eMLIIM «1JtopOIM fi'O,IJ;BOOro ApaR'OHa») 6LIJJ
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9TO OLIJl'O o,n;eJIaHO npll InepeC'TIpoiiIRe pe3R}J;'eHD;I1H ca.M:OI'O KHH
3H IOHa (MecTO, [')];e 'OB mHJI ,,n;o BCTYIIJIeIIJIIH 'Ha [l1p 1 eCTOJI),
Ipe,3:R,IJ;eH'D;IIH lIIepeCTpalIBaJIaCh  Bll}J;e xpaMa IOHX3rYH. B)I;OB-
CTByrom.alH 'HMnepapRD;a IJ:LI C'II 'B:&I}J;eJmIilla MeCTtO i}J;JIH «B0'P-
a nOJ}JiOJI:HorO paKOHa», !IIOapHB efJJY pe3em:vno mIH3H
HMnepaTopCRon pOB:O: "IeTBelpToii CTerreRH, OTOpaH Ha'xo-
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OTa HOByro pe3eHD;KlO. MecTo TpeT:&eii pe311,n;e .tl.nn OLIJIO
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Ba «IIO}J;BO}J;H:bIX }J;paROHa», H BCH ceMbH pereHTa HamJIH
CBOH ROHen: BMeCTe C D;HHCKOH AIIHaCTJIeii.
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IIpe}J;aH eH o caMOH CMepTII.
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16
I I

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aTb Top'OM Iro npaBJIeHHH aOTyaHa (1842 TO) II ryMep
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TelIeHlIe OII'HHa,n;D;a TIIJIeTHerO npaBJIeHIIH ero CTapmero 6pa Ta
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19

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20

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21

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22

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23

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fyaHcIOii, AeA Bo06m;e OTKa3aJICH OT Bcex CBOHX THTYJIOB II
3BaHIIH. II JIlImb TIITYJI BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H Be"tJHoro HaCJIeAOBa-
HIIH OH 6LIJI BLIHym)];eH coxpaHIITL TOJI:bKO IIOTOMY, tITO OT
Hero OTKa3LIBaTLCH He pa3pemaJIOCb. HeCKOJILKO JIeT cnYCTH
eJ];IIHCTBeHHOH eTO 06H3aHHOCTbIO 6blJI0 3a60THTbClI 06 yqeHIm
MOJIO)];Oro BMIIepa Topa.
CJIymlIJI ]J;e)]; C KaKOH-TO orraCKOH H CTpaXOM, 6LIJI OCTO-
pOmHLIM II OCMOTpIlTeJIbHLIM; [(LI CII IIOmaJIOBaJIa eMY TIITYJI
)];BoiiHOro BeJIIIKOro KHH3H II rrpaBO B'be3Aa B 3arrpeTHbIH ro-
po B naJIaHKIIHe C tIeTbIpLMH HOCIIJIbID;IIKaMII. II03AHee, Kor-
a BeJIIIKIIH KHH3L fYH nOTepHJI 6JIarOCKJIOHHOCTb II AOBepne,
a THTYJI KHH3H-pereHTa 6LIJI yrrpa3AHeH, U:LI CII rrpIrna3a.rra
4

qJIeHaM focy)];a pCTBeHHOrO COB eTa OTHbIHe BO Bcex Bam!tLIX
rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX eJIax IIpeme Bcero COBeTOBaTbCH C Be-
JlHRHM KHH3eM qYHeM. ,[(JIH Hero 3TO 03Ha"tJaJIO em;e 601lb-
mee nOIBbI!IIIeHHe. COrJIaCHO OObITIaIO C1I1ITaeTCH, "ITO, Ki()ra
IOHoma meHHTcH, OH CTaHOBHTCH B3pOCJIbIM. ECJIII 6bI fyaH-
cIOn meHHJICH, QbI CII OJImHa O:bIJIa ObI nepe)];aTL eMY
BJIaCTb, "tJTO AJIH Hee HBJIHJIOCb RpanHe HemeJIaTeJI:bHbIM. ITo-
3T I OMY e'e O meHHTbOhI ryaHclOH IIIO IlIHRaTKBe IM'oero
,n;ea II XyaHH BA'OBCTBYIOm;en 'HMII,epaTpe 6bIJla B:bIClKa-
aaHa 'llo()'qTlITeJIbHaH ll'pocb6a rrp'OOJDKHTb «nJpa'BJIeHIHe
CTpaHOH».
QIIHCRoe IIpaBHTeJIbCTBO pemHJIO c03AaTb BoeHHO-MOP-
CROll: <pJIOT HOB oro THIIa II IIOpY"tJIIJIO 3TY OTBeTCTBeHHYIO MHC-
CHIO II XyaHIO. IIocJIe nepBbIX YCIIemHbIX marOB B aTOH 06-
JIaCTII eMY npHmJlOC:b O)];Ham)];DI OT HMeHH HMIIepaTpHhI no-
exaTb 1IIH000eKTHpOBaTb 3TOT <pJI'OT. II XyaHb BC1NOORII 'Y ro -
BapRBaJI lII'OeXaTb BMe:CTe IC IEIIM JIa'BHOY1llPaBJIHIOm;,ero lIpH-
'BOPHb]M!K 'eBHyaMH JIm: JIHHb-HHa, TaR KaK OR ObIJI 60JIb-
mRM JlI06HMeM QLI CR.
Q:bI CII nOmaJI{)BaJIa II XyaHIO Hero meHe npaBO e3)];HTb
B naJIaHlKlHHe a6pHKOCOBO[,O TI;BeITa, 'BO 1011 !HID: pa3Y Hie
OCMeJIIIJICH ceCTb B Hero. TaRaH 60H3Hb II OCTopomHOCTb npo-
HBJIHJIHCb He TOJIbRO BO Bcex ero pe"tJax 11 nocTynKax, OBII
HaJIOmHJIII CBOll: OTne"tJaTOR Aame Ha y6paHcTBO ero OMa.
IIoMem;eHHe, B KOTOpOM mHJI )];e, OH Ha3BaJI «3aJIOM CMHpeH-
HbIX MbICJIeH», pa60"tJHll: RaOHHeT HMeHOBaJICH «Ka6HHeTOM
OC03HaHHbIX OmHOOR», a Ha CTOJIe y Hero CTOHJI RYOOR, Ba
KOTOpOM ObIJIa BbIrpaBHpOBaHa 'HaAIIHCb: «II peCLIm;eHlle Be-
,n;e'T K OOKyeHIIIO, a CRpOMHOICTb - K 'OJIa['o[['oJ.fYT1IllIO». ,B
KOMHa Tax }J;eTell: IIOBCIO)];Y BHCeJIH a<popIl3MbI, H3pelIeHIIH II
HaCTaBJIeHIIH. II Cpe)];H HHX TaRoe: «Ror,n;a oora TCTBO BeJIH-
RO II !MHOrO eHer, Oe)];:bI AJIH BHYROB II eTell: He MHHOBaTb.
II eCJIII CilpOCHTe BbI, B 'tJeM me 3)];eCb npH"tJHHa, OTBelIY:
)];eHbrll CMeJIOCTb rrpHAalOT II He OOHTCH HHRaKIIX BeJIHKHX
eJIt IIIOO\a 'CelOH, ceMbID (ncro He noiJ1OHT». Bce 3TH H3pei1Ie-
HHH ObIJIII HaIIHcaHbI H3 60H3HII, KaK 6bI He HaRJIHRaTb 6e-
AY. JIIOOOilbITHO, 'tJTO )];e,n; Ha BTopon rOA rrpaBJIeHHH fyaH-
CIOH npeACTaBHJI ORJIaA, B KOTOpOM, He HMeH HHKoro B
BHAY ROHKpeTHO, OOBHHHJI B03MomHoro OTBeT"tJIIKa. OH nll-
caJI, "tJTO B oy)];ym;eM MomeT IIOHBHTbCH "tJeJIOBeK, KOTOpLIii,
Y"tJHTbIBaH BbICORoe nOJIOllieHHe )];e)];a, COmJIeTCH Ha PHA npll-
MepOB H3 anOXII MHH II npe)];JIOmHT HarpaAHTL ero KaKII1MH-
JIH60 B:bICOKHMII THTYJlaMH. ECJIH nOA06Hoe CJIYlIHTCH, TO Ta-
25

1{oro qeJIOBeKa cJleAyeT npII3HaTb HIPITOlliHbIM. Ae,a; npOCIIJI
 !!'
XpaHHTb ero ORJIaA BO J];BOpl\e, TITOObI B CJIYtJae HeooxOAII-
}!OCTH lICnO:Ib30Ba Tb ero npOTUB :IIOell: HeOCTOllHbIX. n PO-
mJIO CBbIme AeCHTU .:leT, II O;:t;HallibI )];enCTBIITeJIbHO npOH-
30mJIO TO, "lITO OH npe;J;rro'araJI. B nHTHan;a TbIM ro rrpaBJIe-
HIIH fyaHcIOH JI,H'OOeKTOp no pe"tJHhIM: J:(eJIa'M Y .L(a-'tJ3H 1II0;I.aJI
rrpomeHHe 0 nOmaJIOBaHIIII pO,a;HOIY OTn;y UMnepaTopa BbI-
COKoro nO"tJeTHoro TIITYJIa. Y BII;J;eB npomeHHe, QbI CII pa3-
rHeBaJIaCb, a Y .L(a -tJ3H co cTpaxy rrOcnemJIJI coc.J:a TbCH Ha
CMepTb Ma TepJI JI BepHYJICH lJ;OMoii, r)];e rrpOllillJI TPII rO;J;a;
He CMeH Hure rrOHBIITbCH.
BHe BCHKoro COMHeIIHH, C npJIXOOM BO ABopen; fyaHclOH
u ,., u
MOil Ae)]; CTaJI eme JIYtJme pa30npaTbCH B xapaRTepe CBoell
ABOIOpOAHOH ceCTpbI, KOTOpbIM K JTOIY BpeIeIlII 3HatJJITeJIb-
IIO yxy)];mIIJICH. RaK-TO eBHYX, COCTaBJIHBmIIll eii: ROMnaHHIO
B maMaTbI, ICI\a3aJI no Bpe}{H IInpbI: «Paa abeT KOHH TIOrqTeH-
HOIDO IEp'e.n;R,a», Ha lI'!iO 'OHa B rHeBO BO<lli.TJIII\HYJla: «A H OblO
BCIO TBOIO ceMbIO!» EBHyxa BbIBOJIORJIH 113 naJIa TbI II JI36HJIII
o CMepTH. QbI ClI OtJeHh 6eperJIa CBon BOlOCbI. OJJ;HamAbI
eBHYx, HOTOpbIH npll"tJeCbIBaJI ee, OOHa pymUJI na rpe6He
He.CKOJIbKO BOJIOC. OH paCTe'pHJIC-H III XOTe:! 6bIJIO 'crrpHTaTb BO-
.T.IiQIC:bI, BrO Q:bI Cll '3aMeTJIIJIa 3TO B 3epRa.rro, II eBHyxa II3611.TfIJ
naJIKaMH. Te, KOMY rrpilXO)];I1JIOC:b yxamIlBa T:b 3a QbI Cn,
paCCKa3bIBaJIII, tJTO Bce OHM, RpOMe JIll JIHHb-JIHa, c yma-
OOM m]\aJL'II, LKona :HacTyrmT lIX lI ' epeA ITpncyrcTBoBaTb np'Il
B,D;OBCTBYIOm;eii IIMnepa Tpnn;e. C B03paCTOM Y QbI CH nOH-
BUJICH Ha JIMn;e HepBH:bIll: TIIK, JI OHa MeHbme Bcero XOTeJIa,
"tJT06bI KTO-HII6YfJ;b 3TO BHeJI. BepOHTHO, OIIH 113 eBHYXOB
3aAepmaJI cBoii B3rJIH)]; Ha ee JIIIn;e, HOO OHa HeMeAJIeHHO
cnpOCJIJIa: « qero YCTaBIIJICH?» TOT He HameJICH, 'ITO OTBe-
TJITb, H TYT me nO.J:YtJIIJI HeCKOJIbRO )];eCHTKOB y,a;apOB rraJI-
KOH. IT pOCJIbImaB 00 3TOI, pyroii eBHYX B ee npncYTcTBIIH
60HJICH Tenepb rOJIOBY rrOHHTb. OHa H K HeMY npHApaJIacb:
« qero rOJIOBY onycTUJI?» PacTepHBmnllcH eBHYx TOllie 6bIJI
HaKa3aH naJIRoH. Em;e 6bIJI TaKoll CJIY"lIaH. QbI Cll KaR-TO
carpoCIHJla OI,n;HOTO lil ' 3 eBHYXOB, (KaRaH Ha YJlILu;e norol)J;a. EB-
HYX, Y KOToporo cOXpaHIIJICH em;e )];epeBeHcRuii BbIroBop, OT-
BeTHJI: «IIOrOAKa cerOHH XOJIO)];HaH-npeXOJIOfJ;HaH!» U::bI Cll
He fiOHpaBIIJIOCb BblpaiReH'IIe «XOJlO')J;HaH-npeXO:IO)];HaH», 'II
eBHyxa 1R36HJlII. Rp 1 e,JI1R0 )];OCTaBaJIt()lCb IJl )];BOPU;OBbIM C.:IY-
maHKa'M.
M36HeHIIe CJIyr, nopoH )];0 CMepTJI, B pe3IIAeHn;1fiI KHH3H
He C"tJHTaJIOCb "tJeM-TO n3 pHAa BOH BbIXO)J;Hm;IIM If MaJIO 6ec-
26

rrOJOIIJIO BeJIHHOrO KHH3H qYHH. O,a;HaIO Cl\tlepTL BOBCTBYIO-
eii niIIepa TpHn;bI BOCTOtIIIOro BOpn;a QbI AHb Ha ceAb-
M,OM ro;(Y TIpaBJIeHHH fyaHcIOR (1881 ro) He MOrJIa
rrpOllTH AJIH Hcro HC3aMeeHHOll. fOBOPHT, qTO nepeA
CMepTbIO IIl\iIIepa TOp CHHb<p3H ObIJI ooecrrORoeH TeM, qTO ero
HaJIOiRHHn;a 11 (OYAyrn;aH IJ;bI CH), CTaB BJJ;OBCTBYIOrn;eii HM-
rrepaTpnn;eft, rrOCTapaeTCH 3aXBaTHTb BJIaCTb H TorAa 3aKOH-
HaH llMrrepa Tpnn;a (rro3;J;Hee IJ;bI AHb) He C10meT eii rrpOTH-
BOCTOHTb. IT03TOMY CHHb<p3H OCTaBIIJI crrCn;IIaJIbHbIii yRa3, B

ROTOpOM IIMrrepaTpnn;e aBaJIOCL rrpaBO B CJIyae HeooXOAH-
MOCTII KOHTpo:rHpOBaTb 1I:bI CII. POfJ;IIBllIaHCH B KHHmeCKoii
ce:\Ibe, HcorrbITHaJI II HC'JJ;aJIeRaH U:bI ARb o,n;HambI HeB3Ha-
l.[aii lIpooo.rrTaJIaCb 00 3TO[ U:bI Cll. Ta CTaJIa BeCTH nOCTOHH-
HYIO ,JUJYiH6y C bI AlII) 'o 'Tex lIOp, lIOHa 1I:bI AHb no eo
JJ;aBJICHIIe[ H B ee rrpnCYTCTBIIII He COiRrJIa 3TOT yKa3 HMrre-
paTopa. IT pOllIJIO HeMHoro BpeMeHTI, II BfJ;OBCTBYIOm;aH HMrre-
paTpnn;a BOCT01JIIOrO ABOpn;a BHe3arrHO YMepJIa. OAHH rOBO-
pHT, 'tJTO OHa C'beJIa rrpIICJIaHHOe 1I:bI CH TIeqeHbe; APyrHe-
QT'O C'bCJIa 6YJIbOH, HOTOlpbIii Ho16bI 1I:bI Cll calMa rrp'IIOOTO'B'II-
ITa AJIJI nee. 8TO 6bIJI 60JIbllIOii YfJ;a p ,IJ;JIH BeJIHKOrO KHH3H
qYHH, ,rr'nCJIe ROTOpOI'O IDH CTaJl eru;o o.cTopomHen III rryrJIIIBeii.
EIIHcTBeHHoii cBoeH IeJIbIO lOR ICttIITaJI 3aBoeBaHHe 6.rra 1 rocI\-
JIOHHOCTH 11 1D:0BepHH IJ:bI CH. Ror;J;a eA OT1BeQaJI 3a c03AaHHe
BoeIIHO-"l\IOpCROro <pJIOTa, TO JJ;JIH Toro, "tJTOObI Y B)J;OBCTBYIO-
m;eii HMrrepaTprrn;bI OLIJIO M:eCTO ,IJ;JIH pa3BJIeeHHH, OH II-CTpa-
TIIJI Ha CTpOJITeJIbCTBO ee JleTHerO ,IJ;BOpn;a MX3IOaHL 60JIb-
myIO CY:Ml\IY neHer, IIpeHa3HaqeHHyro paHee )J;JIH opraHH3a-
nun: <pJIOTa. B calbIll pa3rap CTpOHTeJIbCTBa B npOBHHD;HII
qmIlJIII II B OKpeCTHOCTHX IIeRIIHa rrpOrr30mJIII RpyrrHLIe Ha-
BO)J;HeHIIH. QeH30p Y tJmao-TaiI, OOHCb BOJIHeHIIH cpe)J;H TIO-
CTpafJ;aBmnX, I1peJIOfRnJI Bpe:MeIIHO rrpHOCTaHOBHTb pa60TLI
no CTpOTITeJIbCTBY J]:BOpn;a, HO 6LTJI ,"IIImeH qIIHOBRIIQLerO
BaHnH II «fJ;eJIO ero rrcpea.:Jn JIH fJ;aJIbIIenIIIero pa300pa».
BeJlIffiIIH RHH3b tJyHb, {)HaHO, In lIOC JIII1J;a Bce me BbIIIOJI-
HIIJI CBOIO MJICCIIIO. B 18O rO;J;Y B JIeTHeM BOpI(e MX3IOaHb
ObTJIII 3aBeprneHLI Bce paOOTbI no Cal\I Bf\TJIIHIIH KHH3L 11
XyaHJ) BCRope nane"tJHO parnpOCTII:JCH C MTJpOM. CnYCTJI 'tJe-
TbIpe rOAa C03.n;aHHblii I1:\1 TaR Ha;Jblnae{bTii BoeHHO-MOpCROii
<pJIOT 6bTJI pa3rpOl\IJICn B HIIOHO-RIITaHCROH BonHe. 113 Kopa6-
.TfeH na CTpOHT0JIbCTRO IOTOphTX ym.TTO HCCIOJIbRO fJ;eCHTROB
 u
nIJT,TfJJOHOB JIHITOn cepeopa, II0 O(,Ta.TJO('b nOJI\aJIyn all on;-
Horo, I\po[e l\lpa fopIJoii JIOJ{RTT R ITa pHr 11 XJoa TIb.
27

mYH JIY - MOD E CO CTOPOHLI MATEPR
Y Moero ,n;e,n;a lIO OTY, BeJlHKOro KHH3H qYHH, 6LIJIO 'tJe-
TLrpe meRLI, KOTop.LIe pO,n;HJLH eMY ICeM:b cLIHoBen IH Tp'ex ,,n;o-
'tJepeii. B ro,n; ero cMepTH B mIIB:bIX 6bIJIII JIIImL TPII CIdHa H
O)J;Ha )J;0'tJ:b. CaM:bIM CTa pmIIM lI3 HIIX HBJIHJlCH IIHTLIii CLIR-
Mon OTe [(3an <DaH; eMY Tor,n;a IIClIOJIHIIJIOC:b BoceML JIeT,
OH II HaCJle,n;OBaJI THTYJI BeJIIIROrO RHH3H. ,n:Ba MOlIX ,n;H,n;lI,
I1HTHJIeTHIIn [(3an CIOHL II TpeXJIeTHHB: [(3an Tao, o,n;HOBpe-
MeHHO O:bIJIlI 1I0maJIOBaH:bI B rYH:bI, TO eCTL B RHH3LH IIIMllepa-
TopCRon KpOBH meCTOB: CTelIeHH. Co CMepTblO ,n;e,n;a MOen
ceMLe CTaJIH ORa3LIBa T:b HOBLIe « MIIJIOCTH». Bc e 3TH « MHJIO-
CTlI» B 1I0CJIe)J;HHe p;eCHTL C JIHmHHM JIeT, paBHO KaR H rope
II YHHmeHHlI, BLIIIaBIllHe Ha ,n;OJIIO KHTanCRoro Hapo,n;a, OLIJIH
Hepa3pLIBHO CBH3aHLI C HMeHeM [(:bI CH.
RpYlIHLIM C06LITIIeM HBHJIaCL CBa,n;L6a MOHX po,n;IITeJIen,
YCTpoeHHaH [(bI CH. Ha 3TOT pa3 «MHJIOCTL», MomHO CRa-
3aTL, OLIJIa «lIpO,n;yRTOM» rocy.n;apCTBeHHoro rrepeBopOTa
1898 ro,n;a H ,n;BHiReHHH HX3TyaHeB:. IIpem,n;e Bcero 3TO 6LIJIO
rrpOHBJIeHHe 6JIarOCKJIOHHOrO BHHMaHHH R rrpe,n;aHHOMY eft
caHOBHHKY iKYH JIy, ROTOpLIH lIMeJI rrepe,n; HeB: OOJI:bmHe
3aCJIyrH B lIepHO.n; C06bITIIH 1898 ro,n;a. MOR ,n;e,n; co CTOpOHLI
MaTepH, mYH JIy, 6LIJI lIOTOMCTBeHHLIM MaHL"lJmypOM, rrpH-
Ha)J;JIemaBmHM R Kopnycy oeJIoro 3HaMeHH. B ro,n;:bI rrpaB- \
JIeHHH CHHL.p3Ha OH 3aHHMaJI ,n;OJImHOCTL lIOMOm;HHRa Ha-
qaJILHHRa OT,n;eJIeHIIH BopOBoro Ra3Ha'tJencTBa, o,n;HaRO lI3-
3a ROPLICTH H B311T01:JHH'tJeCTBa -qYT:b OLIJIO He JIHmHJICH rOJIO-
BLI. RaRHM-TO 06pa30M OH CYMeJI H3,6emaTb HaRa3aHHH II
TYT me RyrrHJI 1I0CT RaH,n;H,n;a Ta B HHClleKTopLI rocy,n;a pCTBeH-
HLIX 3R3aMeHOB. B ROHe 3110XH [(HH CIICTeMa «lIORYIIRH
QHHrOB», KaK 11 'IICTeIMa 'l'ocy,n;apCTBieHHLIX 3I{.3alMeHOB «K3-
D;3IOH», 6LIJIa Y3aROHeHa. B rrepB:bIe ro,n;bI npaBJIeHHH TYH1:JmII
Mon ,n;e,n; 110 OTY C03,n;aJI H3 MaHL'tJmypOB CTpeJIKOBLIn OT-
pH, H mYH JIy OLIJI Ty,n;a Ha3Ha1:JeH CHatJaJIa HatJaJILHHROM
KpLIJIa, a 3a TeM 6pHra,n;HLIM reHepaJIOM. IIocJIe pH,D;a nOBLI-
meHHR OH nOJIyqlIJI rrOCT 3aMeCTHTe.TIH r.rraBLI rrpHRa3a 06-
eCTBeHHLIX paooT. 3aTeM mYH JIy 61>IJI HaqaJI:bHHROM
,D;BOpOBoro YlIpaBJIeHHH, a B nepB:bIe ro,n;LI rrpaBJIeHHH ry-
aHCIOH ,D;OCJIymHJICH ,n;o ,n;OJImHOCTH rJIaB:bI rrpnRa3a 06m;e-
CTBeHHLIX pa60T. II03,D;Hee OH 61>TJI 06BIIHeH B XHm;eHHHX II
B3HTo'tJHH'tJeCTBe, JIHmeH 'tJHHa, rrOHIImeH B ,n;OJIiRHOCTH II
BLICJIaH H3 IIeKHHa. Bo BpeMH J1TTOHO-RIfTaB:CKOH BOB:H:bI Be-
JIIfKHii KHH3L rYH Be,n;a.rr BoeHHbTfH JJ;e.rraMH. IToJJ;BepHYB-
28

mYIOCH B03MOiRHOCTL II03,npaBHTb QLI CII C ,nHeM pOm,neHHH
iKYH JIy IICrrOJIL30BaJI )J;JIH TOrO, "tJTOOLI IIPlIeXa TL B IIeKIIH.
OH OMCTpO npOHIIK B oKpymeHlIe BeJlITKOro KHH3H rYHa II
BTepCH K HeMY B )J;OBepHe. Ror)J;a IIOCJle BOHHLI iKYH JIy
peKOMeH)J;OBaJI lOaHL illlI-KaH )J;JIH OOY'IeHIIH HOBOn: apMIIII,
OR ObIJI YiRe 3HatJHTeJILHO OIIbITHee II IIpenIIO'IJlTaJI )J;eHCT-
BOBaTL HaBepHHKa. iKYH JIy He cKyrrIIJICH Ha paCXOALI, OCO-
6eHHO )J;JIH rJIaBHoyrrpaBJIHIOerO npll)J;'BOpHLIMII eBHyxaMH
JIm: JIHHL-IIHa, II Ta!I\'HJM 'IIYTeM 1I0C'TeII 1 eBHO )J;oQ61IJICH TWO.
{{TO n,n'OBCTByromaH IIIMrrepaTpIl'a QbI C'II 1I:3MeHIIIJIa () He'M
CBoe MHeHHe. Ha BTOpOH ro,I( rrocJle B03BpaeHHH B IIeKIIH
iKYH JIy IIOJIY'IIIJI Ha3HatJeHile IIpOHHcrreKTlIpOBaTL CTpOII-
TeJrbCTBO HMrrepaTopCKHX rpOOHHI( II BbIHCHIITL ym;ep6, KO"
TOpbIH rrpHtJHHIIJIH HiM ,IJ;om)J;II. O)J;IIH If3 caHOBHIIKOB, YiRe
OCMa TplIBaBmIIii nonpeiR,IJ;eHIIH" COOOHJI B CBoeM JJ;OKJIa)J;e,
{{TO Ha BOCCTaHOBflTeJIbHMe paOOTLI IIoTpeoyeTcH 300 TLICH'I
JlHHOB * cepeopa. rOBOpHT, "tJTO :3TOMy caHOBHIIKY OLIJIO He-
JIOBKO IIplIHlImaTb Ra'IeCTBO CTpOIITeJlLCTBa, ROTopoe IIpOBO-
JIIIJIOCL 1)]0,l( HaOJlIO,I:(eHIIeM BeJIIIROrO KHH3H tJYHH, n03TOMY
II CYMMY ym;epoa OH HeCROJILRO rrpey}reHLmHJI. iKYH JIy no-
CTymIJI JlHa'tle. CHa'1!a:Ia {)IJI Inp'OIQyrralOi"I HaCT1p'OeH(lle BI('OBCT-
BYIOHX HMilepaTplII(, a 3aTeM" 3Ha'IIITeJILHO pa3nYB CTe-
neHL pa3pymeHIIH, ,l(OJIOiRHJI" 'tJTO Ha BOCCTaHOBIITeJILHLIe
paooTLT TpeoveTcH 1 MHJIJIIIOH 500 TbICH'I JIHHOB cepeopa. B
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OOJIbme Bcero eMY XOTeJIOCL BLICJlYiRHTLCH neDen [{LI Crr.
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29

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nepa TOpOM TOJIM\O 6JIafOa pH peJ(OM'eHaqIrn, 1\OTOPYIO jl;aJI
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me BbI OCTaBJIHeTe IfInepa Topa? » II pom:ro Bcero ne-
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06meii nOIIrrCblO "tJ.rrCHOB MIncpa TOpCI\Oro COBeTa 1I rJIaB
meCTn rrpIrna30B JJ;06IITbCH OTCTpaneHHH I1MnepaTopa ryaH-
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ryaHclOII TaHno 06paTII:ICH 1\ pecpopIaTOpa!\1 C rrpoc:n6on
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30

fOaHb lllu-Raii Bblpa311.Tl el COlfYBCTBiIe, nO,IJ;qep}{HYB it
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II ,n;pyrne
31

B TOT '6eAcTBeHHbIiI 1900 I'o,rt., KorAa QLI CH- eHa -qaJIa IIC-
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pHD;e. IIocJIe rOCYAapCTBeHHoro nepenopOTa 1898 roAa I(bI
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33

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ro pacnOJIOmeHIIH - nepeCJIaJI B HHOCTpaHHLIe Ka3apIMLI CBe-
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JRYH JIy npH6bIJI B CRaHb. EMY 6bIJIH OKa3aHbI HOBbIe no-
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** AByxOqKOBhIe IIaBJIIIHbH nepbH - YKpameIDIe na pa)J;Horo ro-
JlOBHOrO y6opa, KOTopoe D;IIHCKHe HMIIepa TOpbI iRaJIOBaJiH cBOIIM no,n;-
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34

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ro KHH3H qYHH, no HMeHH [(3aR <DaB.
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rrepaTpIID:bI 3aMeTIIJI, 'ITO, pa3 Ha MOrHJIe paCTeT rHHRro, 3Ha-
tIHT, B ceMbe KHH3H qYHH rrOHBHTCH HMrrepaTOp. AeJIo B TOM,
QTO HepOrJIII£p «6eJIbIH» H3 Ha3BaHHH ;u;epeBa :II HepOrJIII£p
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pec, KOTOpbIll npOHBJIHJIH HHOCTpaHD;bI K ryaHclO1O nero
6paTbHM. Ee AO C06LITIIH 1900 ro;u;a OHa nOtIYBCTBOBaJIa,
1ITO 3TH ymacHbIe HHOCTpaHD;bI B HeKOTopOH CTerreHH THro-
TeIOT K ryaHclOlO, a K .Hen OTHOCHTCH He OtIeHb nOtITIITeJIb-
HO. IlocJIe 1900 ro,n;a KOMaH;U;YIOm;Hii: COlO3HbIMH BOHCKa 
BaJIb)J;ep:;ee npe,n;JIOmHJI 6paTY HMnepaTopa OT JIJMeHH ryaH-
CIOH noexaTb B repMaHIIIO )J;JIH npHHecemrH 1I3BHHeHHH B
CBH3H C y6nHCTB01\1 HeMeD:KOrO nOCJIaHHIIKa l\eTTJIepa B ne-
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BocTopmeHHbIH npIIeM, "tITO TaKme OtIeHb 06eCnOKOHJIO IJ:bI CIf
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<popMaTop RaH IO-BaH. B KOHD;e KOHD;OB OHa HaIIIJIa BbIXO,n; -
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mylO onaCHOCTb, TaTeJIbHO pa3paoaTbmaIOT TIJIaH, a nOTOM
,neiiCTBYIOT CMeJIO 11 pemIlTeJIbHO. IIepe,n; CBOIIM no6erOM B
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36

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CTOPOHY.
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38

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39

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HHCROH HOBOll apMHII.
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40

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TOM, II JIllmb Ha TpeTHil ro CBoero rrpe6bIBaHHH no ABOpn;e
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6paJI KHIITH Ha CTOJIe, CKa3aJI, KaK MHe CJIeyeT ce6H BeCTH
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42

ceJIII. Y CTpOHBmHCb rroYAooHeii, H B3HJI B PYKH KHHry H, KaK
yqHJI HaCTaBHHK, rpOMKO Haqan:
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He OOJIee JJ;BYX IMHHYT.
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ITMl1epaTOp fyaHclOH, nepeA CMepTblO IIOBepHJI eMY CBOII CO-
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43

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8Ta HCTOpHH B IaROli-TO CTeneHII IIOXOil\a Ha npaB,n;y. B TO
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TeJIbHaH OIIrr03HIJ;IIH, KOTopaH ObIJIa Hcrro,n;KYIIHa. OTIIIO,IJ;b He
Bce ee IIpeJ];CTaBIITeJIII 6bIJIH B rrpOmJIOM pewopMaTopaMII
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JiI 6opOBnm:ecH C M RyaHo:M 3a 'BIiTJ:aCTb, II nIOII, ,n;aBillHe
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KOpbICTHbIX eJIeii B03JIara:IH 60JIbmIIe Ha,:J;em,n;bI Ha CBepi-HC-
HHe lOaHb mil-RaH. IIOaTO}IY 'Bonpoc 00 y6HllcTBe IIJIII 3a-
* IIy B3:ii: (1880-1937) - BHYl\ BeJIHKOrO KHH3H rYHa, B Ba-
p;D;a ThIH I'OP; npaBJIeIDIH ryaHcIOH ( 1894 ro,n;) YHaCJIep;OBaJi THTYJI
RHH3H. .n;o CHHbxanCKoii peBOJIIOD;IIII 6bIJI npaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIM KO-
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MeRHX lIMnep'IIaJIHCTOB YKPbIJICH B U;HHao, a IIOCJIe B3HTHH U;HH-
Aao HIIOHD;aMII nepeMeTHYJICH B HnOHIIIO. B 3TOT nepHoJ]; BMeCTe c
44

m;nTe lOaHb llIn-IaH J];anHO yme He rrpe;J;CTaB"TJH.IT rooon
  U rh
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t  ,., ,., ,..,
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M:n rpYIlllllp()BIa111 BbTCllICii ;UIHTII. fOCY,J,apCTBCIIHblii COBeT
pa3eJIII.l:rH na ABe rpYUl1bI - OHa BO f:IaBe C BeJIIIRII1
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CROll KpOBH I1HToiI CTerreHII [(3ail Q33. I1,ICIlIIO BTopaH

rpyrrrra pa3paoa TbI'BaJIa IIJIaHbI II ,n;aBaJIa COBeTbI IOCfY OT-
y, HaJ];eHcb B3aleH IIO.iIYlJIITb BJIaCTb II IIOJIOmeHIIe.
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[13'1ITeJIen IMaHb'tJ,iRypC'KIIX BOC:bMII3HaMeHHbIX OiiCJK, 'M3 caHOB-
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pacrrpn II r)];e KalI\blii CTpOIIJI CBOIl rr"'IaHbI. TaK, Y Q3aii Q33
Bce MbICJIII II iHeJIaHIIH ObIJIII Han;eJIeHbI Ha TO, "IJTOObI OTHHTb
Y CBoero ,1BOIOpO,IJ;HOrO HAIOmKH, BeJIHKOrO KHH3H QnHa,
,IJ;OlJRHOCTb rrpe,IJ;Ce,3;aTe.1H I1IIIepaTopCKoro COBeTa, a opaTb-
HM H3 pe3II;J;eHD;ulI KHH3H qYHH rrpeme Bcero npnrJIHHY.iIaCb
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opaTbH ,Moero OTIJ;a, rroexaBllIne IE AHrJIJIIO II fep:MaHllIO ;:(JIH
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CIOTpeJIII ceoe Ram;J;bIll CBoe. OTen; HaXOjJ;HJICH B n;eHTpe
3TOll mapKolI CXBa TRII. OH rrpIICJIymIIBaJICH R CJIOBaM TO OJ];-

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ORa3a.rrOCb, HII"lIerO He rrpe;:I;rrpIIIIIIMaJI, H 3THM BbI3BaJi Bceoo-
ee HeJ];OBOJIbCTBO.
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TeJIeM fOCYJ];apCTBeHHoi KaHn;eHpnil. 8TO He )J;aBaJIO nOKOH
Q3aii U:33, 3aHHIa.BmeMY rrOCT rJIaBbI Ha.rrorOBoro rrplIKa3a.
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IIpHHIIMa.a: aKTHBHoe yqaCTIIe B ,n;BumeHHII 3a pecTaBpaD;HIO MOHap-
XHII. IT OCJIe C061>ITIIH 18 ceHTH6pH IIOJIyqHJI nOCT npe,n;ce,n;aTeJIH
IlI3HbHHcKoro OOm;ecTBa COI03a coxpaHeHIIH qeTblpex COCJIOBHii II
nOnbITaJiCH npH no,n;epaae HnOHeB C03aTL «('JIaBHYIO HMnepIIIO}).
OHaRo BCRope ObIJI BbIHym;:I;eH OTIa3aTbCH OT CBOHX HaMepemrii,
nOJIyqIIH OT HrrOHeB 3a CBOIl yc.rryrH 3HaQHTenbHYro CYMMY H YMep
8 npeKJIOHHOM B03paCTe B JIIOiirnYHe.
45

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OT eJI, II KHH3I>- pereHT cpa3Y ObI OKa3aJICH oeCIIOMOIQHbIl\I.
IIo3TOMY B cnopax c RHH3eI IJ:IIHOM IIIOlpameILIle 'B'ca Tep-
IIeJI [(3aM U:a:3. JIIOAH 113 pe3H,n;eHIlH KHH3H qYHH 'IaCTO
CJII>ImaJIII, KaK OH ,n;OKa3bIBaJI RHH31O-pereHTY: «IIo-rJTeHHbIH
6paT, 3TO H Bce pa1I Bac. ECJIH He IIOCJIymaoTe MeHH, CTa-
pbIH QIlH 6pOCIlT BeJIIIKYIO AIlHaCTIlIO Ha npOHaBOJI CY;J;bObI».
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OTa - [(aaii <D:3Ha, a IIo6e,n;bI 11 KyaHa ObIJIII Ha PYKY
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HbIe AJIH no,n;aBJIeHIIH BOCCTaHHH IIHCKHe BOHcKa no,[\
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CH aa IOaHb IlIII-KaH «oJIarorrOJIyqneM Bceii cBoeii ceMbIl».
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OCTaBJlJI ,u;eJIa JI YKPbIJICH Y ce6H Ha pO,IJ;'lIHe B QmaH,n;3xyaHbmyii
(AHbHHxa), rp;e nHCaJi rrell3amHyro JIlIpHI{Y, 1I36eraH OTKpbIToro
y-qaCTHH B IIOJIHTJI1IeCKOll mH3HH rocyp;apcTBa. O,n;HaKo B ,u;eHCTB.H
TeJIbiIOCTH lOaHb mlI-KaH, KaK H paHbme, HerrpephIBHo nop;,n;epmB-
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BaCTaBHHROM HMrrepa TopCKoro Bopa CIOH mH-qaHOM, KOTOphIH TaH-
BO coo6aJl eMY 0 rrOJIIITHQeCKOH 06cTaHoBKe B cTpaHe, 0 HacTpoe-
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11 pHp;a p;pyrnx JIHI(, a TaKme 0 npHTH33HIUIX lOaHb mll-Kan Ha
BJIaCTb.
46

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neCOMHeHHO, paCCtIHTbIBaJI na IIOA)J;eplliKY II HHqerO He 60HJI-
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CBOM 06H3aHHocTH. C rrepeAHeii JIHHHII <ppoHTa O)J;HH 3a ,n;PY-
rHM mJIH CpO'IHbIe BoeHHbIe AOHeceHHH. KHH31O-pereHTY HH-
'tJero He OCTaBaJIOC:b, KaK B crremHOM nopH)J;Ke rroma.rrOBa Tb
Ha .[(YHY «rrpaBO B'be3a B 3aIIpeTHbIH ropo Ha PY'IHbIX HO-
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D;e KOHD;OB 6ecrrpeKOCJIOBBO rro,n;rrlIcaTb YKa3 0 na3HatJeHHM
lOaHb IDH-KaH caHOBHHKOM-HHcrreKTopOM Bcex 1B00pYiReH-
HbIX CI1JI, a ero BepHbIX APY3eii <DaH fO-qmaHa * H ,n:yaHb
[(H-mYH - KOMaHYIOrn;HIH BYMH apMIIHMII. OrreqaJIeHHbIM
RHH3b-pereHT B03Bpa THJICH B CBOIO pe3IIeHIJ;MIO. rpyrrrra
KHH3eii ORpYiKlIJIa ero, ceTYH Ha TO, tJTO BHaqaJIO OH «OTrry-
CTIIJI Tnrpa B rOpbI», a Terrepb «rrYCKaeT BOJIKa B KOMHaTY».
OH CTaJI paCKaHBaTbCH, rrpOCIIJI KHH3eii caIIIX qTO-HII6Yb
rrpe,n;rrpIIHHTb. Te pemIIJIH, qTO B KaKon-TO CTerreHII aHb
IIIn-KalO IomHO aTL CBOOO,n;y, 110 He06xoIIMO orpaHHqHTb
ero BoeHHYIO B.:IaCT:b II He Ha3HaqaTL ero CTapbIX PY3eiI <DaH
rO-tJiKaHa II AyaHL [(H-iRYH KOMaH,IJ;YIOH:MlI Ha rrepeAOBbIX
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6bIJI 3aMeHeH Q3HH fYH-TII, C KOTOpbIM caM 3aii CIOHb Be.rr
,n;pymoy. RHH3:bH CHOBa nOCJIaJIrr TeJIerpaMIY RHH31O-pereH-
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o Ha3HaqeHHH AyaHH yme II3;:I;aH rrpomelJ;meii HOtJ:blO.
Moii oTen; OTHIO;J;b He ObIJI qeJIOBeKOM, JIIImeHHbII KaKIIX-
JIII60 YCTpefJIeHIIi:r. Bce ero rrOMbICJIbI npem)J;e Bcero 6bIJIII
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ropo,n;a X3n;3HHH npOBHHD;IIll X363H, B IoHD;e ,IJ;HHaCTHII ll;HH TaI(me
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B C03,IJ;aHIIH oaiiHHCfioii a pMIIll. IIocJIe CUHbXanCI\On peBOJIIOD;IDI CT3JI
O,D;HIIM 113 JIH,n;epOB qilUfJrnnCKOH R:nIRll 03iiHHCI\IIX MITJTITTn pITCTOB,
RepHT)TM naHPeM ftHfJIO aIPpnI\aIICRofo nMrrepHaJTJIMa.
47


narrpaBJIeHbI Ha TO, tITOObI 3aXJBa TilTb B CBOil PYRII BOeHHYIO
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48

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49

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50

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51

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52

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* qll - Mepa AJIBHbI, O,n;IIH qlI paBeH 33,3 Ct. - llpuJtt. peiJ.
53

,.,
COBepIllHTb Ha MOrIIJIe OOPH)); iRepTBOrrplIHomeHHH OT c.Boero
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CTaTb rrepe,n: Harpo6He'M LIla KOJIeHH. He rrpOillol1:0 H rrOJI)'.-
ro,n:a, KaK meHa II Mo, He IBbIepj£aB U3eBa TeJIbCTB, Tome
HcrrYCTIIJIa ,u:yx.
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Cll BeJIeJIa YCbIHOoBIITb II Q3aii CIOHH, OTaB ero A'PYl'OMY
,., u
ABOIOPOHOMY opaTY p;e)J;a - KHH3IO IIMIIe'PaTopCKOII RpOBII
BTOpOH CTerreHII MUHIO, no MMeHII 11 qmll. ITOJIyqHJIOCb
JIMeHHO TaK, KaK CKa3aHO B HanIlCII R KapTHHe:
TplIcTa "till 6bIJIa y 6amHlI BhICOTa,
Ho II TaM MeHH rrpeCJIe,n;yeT Hora.
¥ 6aOKH, KOTopaH Tenepb, CJIOBHO 3aTBopH/HD;a, CIf,n:eJIa
,n:OMa, BAPyr 3aOpaJIlI ee O)J;HOro CbIHa. 8TO 6bIJI BTOpOH
yp;ap, a 3a HIIM BCKope il'OCJIe,AOBaJI II TpeTHii. T'oJIbRO 'MOH
6a6Ka 'OOCBaTaJIa OTD;Y xopomyIO HeBeCTY, KaK 6bIJI nOJIyqeH
BbICOlIan:nm:ii YKaa QbI lell 0 er,o nOMOJIBKe. IIepBbIH pa3 IMOB
OTen; 6bIJI COBaTaH ee paHbme, HO ero ne'pBaH HeBeCTa
nOROHQHJIa ,C C060H 'B 1900 rO)QT H3 CTpaxa nep'e,n: HHOCTpaH-
n;aMH, Kor,u:a COI03HaH apMHH BOCbMII rocYAa1pCTB BOmJIa B
IIeKRH. B TOT rop; TaR IIOrll,OJIII MHOfHe MaHb1.J:mypCKIIe
ceMbII. Kor,n:a oTeD;, conp'OBomaH QbI all II ryaHcIOH, 6bIJI
B 'CnaHM, 6aORa BHo.Bb COC.BaTaJIa eMY HeBHCTY II Y'CTpOIIJIa
«60JIbmyIO nOMOJIBRY», TO OCTb nOAa.pHJIa HeBeCTe CK'HneT,p.
ITo 06bIqaIO, ,n;apeHIfe ROmeJIH 03HaqaJIO «MaJIYIO nOMOJI,B-
KY», npJil K01iOpOH ern.e HMeJfllCb nYTJI K oTcTyrrJIeHIfIO. IIoc-
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ceMbH CBeKpOBII». ,II eCJIII O CBaAb6bI npOll.CXOjJJIIJIO He,omll-
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MYT ee pemeHlle MOJIObIe II IIIX pOllTeJIII. QbI en: 'Boo6e
HHRTO He CMeJI OCJIyma TbCH. BaOKY MOIO, C O,n:HOH CT'OpOIIbI,
CTpamHJI rHelB QbI ,CII, C )];pyroH - OTMeHa «OtOJIbmOH n.o-
MOJIBKH». OHa 60HJIaCb, "tITO C HeBeCTOH MomeT npOll30MTII
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ee YCTI'ORaJIIBaJIII, 1r0BOp'H, rqTO ')1iKa3'OM B](OBCTByroeH HM-
rre.pa TPHD;bI 'OTMe1llITb « OOJIbmyIO nOMOJIBKY)} MomHO 6e3
RaKH:I:-JIm>O nOCJIeCTBHii, OHa II ,c.rryma Tb HIIQerO H'e :1:0-
TeJI8.
54

Qepe3 meCTb JIeT ee 3AOpOBbe pe3KO YXYJW1IIJIOCb. 8TO
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JIeiKaJIO JIDlIfTbC'H BO JJ;Bope. IIOJIyqlI.B 81'0, loa6Ka TYT me
JIIIillIIJIaCb qy'BrCTB. C Toro ,n;HlI IIpHCTyilbI H9BpaCTeHWI Y Bee
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maJIOCb AO 'caMoH ee 'cMepTII. OHa YMepJIa S TOT rOJJ;, Kora
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MoB: OTHU;, BeJIIIKIIH KHH3b Q3aB: <PaH, 'B .B03paCT8 BOCbM1l
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BOCIIHTbIBaJICH J];BYMH 'cTa'PymKa'MH B Tpa)J;III(HOHHOM apHCTO-
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aJIbBbIX BH3IITOB, IIOqTII HIIre He IIOHBJIHJICH.
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1951 Dop;a, a voJJ;HaH MaTb YMepJIa eru;e B 1921 rO;rQT.
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qmypCK'He )J;elBymKII MOrJIH caMOCTOHTeJIbHO BeCTlI X03HHCTBO
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113 HHX MOrJIa 6bITb H36paHa BO ABope B KallHCTB'e HMne-
paTopCKoii: HaJIOiKHHbI lIeTBepToro paHra (KaK MHe KaiKeT-
CH, MOJIOp;bIe JIroP;H JIHOO IOe3p;eJIbHIIqamr, mroo ObIJIII 3aHHTbI
* YrrpaBJlHIOH KHHmeCKJIM ,n;BOpOM - HOMIIHaJlbHO BLICOKHH
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UOXOpOH.
55

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CJIymoolI, H 3aOOTbI 0 AOMe, eCTeCTBeHHO, JIOJl\I1JIHCb Ha IIJIe-
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KOHqHJIOCb Bce Tell, qTO OTe BHOBb CTaJI aBaTb ei ,AeHb-
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opnraMbIH reHepaJI ,pecrrY,OJIIIRaHCKJIX BOHCR lOaHb a-JIHH,
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HOCTII II oeCKopbICTllH.
56

HHCTBeHBO meilTaJIaCb 0 qeM-TO C eBHyxa{n. Ha ero pac-
crrpOCbI OHa OTBeTIIJIa: «TbI ceil-qar ce laJI; IIo)J;pacTemb-
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lITO KOpMHJI1Iu;a, 'B3HB ,MeHH Ha PYKH, IIoiieT BMeCTe CO
58

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59

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pOT L(YHxyaM3Hb **, 60Jlbme BO Bope He IJIOHBJIHJlCR.
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KOlaH,n;IIpbI rrOKa3a.1JII CBOID HeCITOCOOnOcTb PYKOBOf];HTb 63H-
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peKO)IeH,n;an;rreH BeallKoro KHH3H II RyaHa JI lJ:pyrlIx - 'Bep-
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rrOJIHYIO JIH<pop)!an;UIO OT cnoero ::JaKa;J:bPIHoro pyra - 3a-
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61

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TeJIbCTBO, ROTopoe MOrJIO 6bl 6ecrrplICTpaCTHO HOpMaJI'lI30BaTb BHern-
IDIe OTHorneHIIH, nO;r:J;,n;epmIIBaTI) IIOpH;r:J;OI BHYTPII CTpaHbl 11 C03;r:J;aTb
6JIarOIIplIHTHyro 06CTaHOBRY l{JUI TOprOBJIII B RHTae. TaRoe npaBJI-
TeJIbCTBO nOJIY1JHT JII06yIO BHeIIIHIOIO IIOMOIIJ;b. T\OTOpyro Mbl CMOffiPM
ORa3aTb>} (CM. CUHIOIO THJlry «RHTaH», 1912. M 1. CTp. 40).
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63

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65

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66

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aYWIeHI(HIO. MMrrepa TplIn;a ,I(OJIIKHa IJ;en:CTBOBa Tb OCTOpOiKHO.
- .H 'TaK 601OCI) aTOH BCTpeqII! - IIMrrepa TpHa B3fJ:OX-
HYJIa.
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bI IIJIaH OTBeTHbIX Iep. OH rrpeJIaraJI pemeHlIe IBOII,poca
00 O'l'pe'tJeHJI1II 1303"TIOmIITb Ha rra'pJIa)feHT 1(0 CO'iJbma ROTO-
poro ObIJIO ern;e OtIeHb II Oqe,HT> fJ:aJIeKO. Ho TIJIeH Ka6HHeTa
tJma.o Q3HHb-:q3IOHb IIplImeJI c aBHO yme rrpHrOTOBJIeHHbIM
OTBeTO1 JOaHb mlI-KaH:
- ECJTJI 3TOT Borrpoc OY)J;YT o6cymaTb Bce, TO IIpoiiYT
JIJI «JIbroTHbIe YCJIOBIIH», CKa3aTb TPY)J;HO.
HMrrepaTpHQa He COTI.rra HymHbIM OOJII>me o5cymaTL
68

rrpe)J;JIOmeHHe RHH3eii OTHOCHTeJIbHO BOeHHhIX f]:eHCTBHi.
RHH3LH HeO,n;HORpaTHO npe)J;yIIpeiK)J;aJIH JIYH lOii lITOObI OHa

He I'OBOpHJIa 00 aTOM C eBHyxafII, HO, RaR ToaLRO HMnepaT-
pHIJ;a 'B03Bpa TMJIa,Cb BO Bopeu;, OTKOpM:IeHHbIll: lOanb illH-
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JJ:a-tImaH IIepBbIr paCKpbIJI pOT:
- ITo IHeHHJO paoa, 'PecIIy5TJIIRa II IOHapxHH - Bce
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".,
:J;HOpn;OBbIMII )J:parou;eHHOCTRIH. a npJiI pecrrYOJIITHe HMnepa T-
pITa OCTaHeTCH HIIIepaTpHn;eii. OHaRO ,IJ;JIH 3Toro HymHo
COfJIaCJITbCH Ha «JI hrOTHbIe YCJIOBHf). B npOTIrBHOM CJIyqae
peBOJIIOu;HOHHaR rrapTIIH BaXBaTHT ITeRTIH II Tora BceMY
KOHen;!
Ha 3ace,n;aHITRX MMrrepa TopCRoro COBeTa pa TOBaBillnx 3a
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nu;a TII. OH npeLIJIOmJIJI rrpTI)J:epiHTIBa TbCR MeTOn;a MaCRHpOB-
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CYTb.
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tJHBaJIHCb oe3pe3YJIT)Ta THO. M TYT ROMaHJJ:YJOIqrrH 6aHHHCRon
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ffrIIepaTopa. CaMhIe HpbIe CTOipOHHITRTI BoeHHbIX J(eHCTBrrii
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OHJI ObIJIII 3a:repiHaHbI. MHoCTpaHHbIe 'lnHOBHHRH naJIII TIM
nOHHTh. "IlTO B HaCTORmee 'BpeMH eXaT"h B HX CTpaHY He eOJ1-
ce[ Y)100HO. Bce OhIJIO HCHO: HHOC1'paHIT:)I npH3HaJIH rrpaBII-
TeJIT)CTBO lOaHb mn-RaH.
25-ro tITICTIa J{HeHalna Taro feCHn:a ITO JIYHHOMY RaJIeH-
nanlO B TpeTHH fOJ[ rrrpan,TfeHTfR TfmepaTopa ClOaIII>Tyna
(12 £pe'BpaJJH 1912 roa) H,I{OBCTBYIOru;aH TI:\frrepaTpHu;a JIyn
IOn OO'J>HRIfJIR 0 MoeM OTpe"CJeHHH. tJaCTb RHH3eH YRpbIJIaCb
B ITOCOJILCKOM RBapTa1Je. }if RyaH C CbmO)f, ,HaJIOmHJiIn;aIH
II BCel\I CBOHM HMym;ecTBoM rrepeexa.rr B THHbu;3JIHb, na Tep-
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l\{oii OTeI(. He CRH3aB TTTI CJTORa HR 3arenaHJiJVJ, rrOCJIe 007-J1rn-
69

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TeJI:bCTBO pecnYOJIHRII II no COrJIameHIIIO, OCTlIrHYTOMy C
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RIITaHCKOM pecnYOJIIIRII. H me CTaJI .coceOM npe3HAeHTa 11
B COOTBeTCTBHII C «JIbrOTH:bIMH YCJIOBIIHMH AJIH HHCRoro
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6JIarOnpHHTHbIe .OTHomeHIIH K BeJIIIKOMY D;HHCROMY HMnepa-
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1. fIocJIe OTpeqeHIIH HMrrepa Topa BeJIIIKOH IJ;IIHCKOH HM-
neplfH OT npeCTOJIa ero IIOqeTHbIH TIITYJI ,coxpaHHeTCH 3a
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CHT:bCH R HeIY C rrOqeTOI, KaK K JIIOOOMY HHOCTpaHHOMY
loHapxy.
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nepIIH .aT rrpeCTOJIa )J;BOpy emerOHO 6yeT BbInna-qIIBaTbCH
4 MIIJIJIIIOHa nHHOB cepeopa, HJIII 4 nIJIJIHOHa IOaHeR nOCJIe
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RHTaiicKoH pecrrYOJIHKoii.
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rrepMII OT rrpeCTona OH BpeMeHHO MomeT iRlIT:b B HMIIepa-
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coxpaHeHbI HaBeqHO. Mx ox'paHY CTaHeT ocyeCTBJIHTb KH-
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CMepTHoe IIMJI ryaHCIOJI) 3aBepmlITCH rro HaMe-qeHHOMY
nJIaHY. QepeMoHIIH rrorpeoeHIIH 6yeT COBepmeHa c.ornaCHO
cyecTByIOeMY CTapOMY plITyaJIY. Bce CBH3aHHbIe 'C 3THM
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70

7. nOCJIe OTpeqeHHH HMnepaTopa 'BeJIIIKOH I1HCKOii 11M-
 
nepHH OT npeCTOJIa ero HqHaH COOCTBellHOCTb 'CTaHeT ocooo
oxpaHHTbCH RHTanCKOH pecrry6JIIIKoii.
8. TIpemHHH BopOBaH OXlpaHa 16Y).1;eT 'BJIIITa B apMWO
RHTaHcKoH pecny6JIHKH. Ee "tIHCJIeHHOCTb II paaMepLI iRa-
JIOBaHbH oQCTaIOTCH npeiRIDIMH.
mH3HL B KA'tJECTBE HMIIEPATOPA
¥lIOMHHYToe B «J!brOTHhIX YCJIOBHHX» «BpeMeHHoe npo-
iKlIBaHHe BO ).1;BOpn;e» He 6hIJIO OrpaHlIqeHO KOHKpeTHo YCTa-
HOBJIeHHhIM CpOKOI. RpoMe Tpex 60JIblliHX BOp:U;OBhIX 3a-
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TpHHaAn;aTb eT, AO Moeru HarHaHHH pecnYOJIHKanCKoH ap-
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eTCTBO. Beb Kora B KHTae 6hIJIa YCTaHOBJIeHa pecnyo-
JIIIKa, qeJIOBeqeCTBO yme BCTYII1IJIO B XX BeK, a H j-KIIJI
npemHeii iKlI3HbIO HMrrepa Topa n AbIlIIaJI lIhIJIbIO ,lIpOlliJIOrO,
XIX CTOJIeTIIH.
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pOBaHHaH TIepennn;a Ha KpbIllie - meJITaH, naJIaHKIIH - meJI-
ThIii, nOACTHJIKH Ha 'CTYJIlJHX - meJITbIe, nOAKJIaKH Ha
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aaHaBeCKH, CTeKJIa - Bce meJITOrO BeTa. STOT
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IIy Q3e H cecTpa, KOTopbIe HrpaJIII co MHOM. B rre,pBbl:ii :ox
npnx,o).1; MHe IIOHaTIaJIY 6bIJIO C HHMII OqeHb CKyqHO. .H 11
6a6ymKa cHJ];eJIlI na RaHe. BaOYlliKa ce).1;I1JIa, KaR H pac-
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Be meJIOXHY'BmHCb, 11 Ha6JIIOaJIll 3a lIpOHCXO,n;Hm;lIM. IIoTOM
71

11 pemIIJI no.BeCTII 6paTa II CeCTpy K ce6e B ABOPOBYIO I1a-
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H He IIrpaJI co CBOIIfII CBepCTHIIKaBI. II BOT !fbI CTaJIH lIr-
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KOTopaH OblJIa Ha Ba rOAa MOJIOme leH.H, ObIJIO BeCeJIO 11
CTpaIIIHO, a lbI C opaTOM nyraJII1 ee. CJIbImaJIIICb BHC'eJIbIM
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72

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me MeHH. BbLTJ:1I c.pOII HIIX II ObIBIllIIO caHOBHIIKII n :MOII
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73

]I CJIafJ:OCTHMH H, KOne-qHO, lIaiiHIIKH C ropHlIeii Booii 11
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75

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88

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89

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91

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115

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t20

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1,21

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122

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123

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126

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"tImall CIOHb 'UCTpeTHJICfl CHUM B THlIbII;31IHe rro rrYTn B ITe-
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i34

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3HalIlIJIH BoeHHblM ry6epHaTopoM rrpoBlIHHH fHpHH (QaH-
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OTKaaaJICH ee aaHHTb.
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naAaJIM Ha qmaH CIOHH, oHaKo cpeJ];1I HHX He ObIJIO HB
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npe,,n;eJIaMH B eJIOM rrpH)J;epmlIBaJIII'Cb Toro iRe MHeHHH. Bo
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17

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peHHOCTL, II 3TO IMeHH BnOJIHe y,n;OBJIeTBOpHJIO. 1l0cJIe Toro
KaK AmoHcToH no Moen npocL6e n03HaKOMIIJI AHnJIOMaTOB C
MOIIM HaMepeHlIeM, H ,caM norOBOpHJI C Y AeH,JJ;aiiKoM no TeJIe-
cpOHY, a 3aTeM nOCJIaJI ITy Q3e noceTHTL rOJIJIaHAcKYIO MHC-
CHIO. Y,JJ;eH,JJ;anK B paaroBope no TeJIe<pOHY o6eIQaJI MHe 110-
168

MOtIL H JIH"tJHO OrOBOpHJlCH 000 BCeM C IIy U:3e. OH He Mor
IIOCJla TL aBTOMOOIIJlL HerrOCpe)];CTBeHHO BO }J;Bopen;, MamHHa
)];OJImHa '6bIJla ma TL y BOpOT illaHLYMJHJ).. CaMbIM Tpy,n;lIbIM
,IJ;JIH MeHH 6bIJlO npOCROJlL3HYTL Qepe3 BopOTa, Bee me OCTaJlb-
Hoe He npef];CTaBJlHJlO npOOJleILI. 'Y eIl,n;ai1R opaJl Ha ceOH
OTIBeTCTBCHHOCTL 3a Bce - OT nMnJ;II II Hpona B rrCpBI>lii p;eHb
,n;o Toro MOMeHTa, Kor,n;a MOH Hora CTYIIHT Ha aHrJlIIMCKYIO
3eMJlIO II H BOM,n;y B BopOTa aHrJlIIHCKOH IIIKOJILI. MbI HaMe-
TIIJIII KOHKpeTHLIM p;eHb II "(lac Moero BLle3f];a H3 ,n;nopn;a.
R 25 cpeBpaJIH OCTaBaJlCH HepelueHHbIM JIlImL O,n;HH. BO-
npoc: KaK BbliiTH H3 BOpOT illaHLYMJHL? B 3anpeTHoM ropo-
)];e IMeHH rrOBCIO,JJ;Y corrpOBOmaJIH MOH JlMtIlILle eBHYXJI, y
BXO,n;OB BO ,JJ;BOpn;I>I ,n;eiIypHJIII p;pyrHe eBHYXII, BOKpyr f];BOp-
n;OBLIX 3aJIOB Ha TIacax CTOHJla CTpama, a 3a BopOTaMH illaHI>-
YMaHL Hec oxpaHY ,JJ;BOpn;a na TPYJlL pecrryoJlMKaHcKoH apMHII.
.H C"tJHTaJl, tITO Bce rrpOOJleMI>1 MomHO ObIJlO pemHTL, rrOJIa,n;HB
C JIH"tJHLIMH eBHyxa,MII H eBHyxaMII, p;emypIIBmHMH Y Bxo,n;a
BO p;Bopen;. O,JJ;HaKo rrJlaHbI MOll 6LIJlII BeCbMa HeCOBepmeHHLI,
a crrocoo 3aoeBaTD f];OBepHe eBHYXOB CBO,n;IIJICH Bcero JIlImL
K 3aTpaTe HeKOTopOH CYMMLI ,n;eHer. IIOJIy"tJIIB IIX, eBHyxH
HeCKa3aHHO oopa,n;oBaJIHCL H 6JIaro,n;apHJIH MeHH 3a MHJlOCTI>,
H H He Mor II rrpe)];rrOJIOmHTL, "tJTO 3a "tJa C )];0 YCJIOB.rreHHoro
BpeMeHJiI O,n;HH H3 HHX ,JJ;OJIOmHT 000 BceM ,[(errapTaMeHTY
)];BOpa. MbI ee He ycrreJlH BLliiTH H3 rraJIa TLI flHCIIHI>f];HHL,
KaK Y3HaJlH, TITO oTeD; oT,JJ;aJI cTpomaiimee pacrrOpHmeHJiIe HII-
Koro He BrrYCKaTb II He BLIrrYCKaTL H3 BOpOT ,n;BOpn;a. TaK II
OCTaJIHCL MLI C IIy !J:3e o,JJ;ypa"tJeHHLle B ,JJ;BOpn;OBOH rraJlaTe
.HHCHHL,JJ;HHL.
Qepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMH rrpHmeJl MOM OTen;, B030YiI\,JJ;eH-
HLIH II paccepmeHHLIii.
- fl... H... CJILlmaJI, tITO Bame... Bame BeJlII"tJeCT'BO co...
COOMpaeTCH ycxaTL...
Y Hero OLIJI TaKOH rraHH"tJeCKIIM BH,n;, CJIOBHO OH BO BceM
BHHOBa T. .fI He y,n;epmaJlCH II paCCMeHJlCH.
HII"tJero rrO,JJ;OOHoro, - OTBeTIIJI H.
- 3TO Hexopomo. RaK me TaK...
- He OLIJIO HH"tJero TaKoro!
MOH OTen; C rrO03peIIHeM IIOCMOTpeJl IIa Ily Q3e, TOT CO
cTpaxy OIICTIIJI rOJlOBY.
- .R He COOlIpalOCL ye3maTb! - TBepIIJI H.
IIpooopMoTaB ee HeCKOJlLKO <ppa3, OTCn; ymeJI, YBeH C
COOOM Moero COoonJ;HIIKa. H rr03Ba.rr OHoro H3 rrplIOJlHmeH-
HLIX MIle eBHYXOB II CTaJl ,JJ;orrLITLIBaTI>CH, RTO rrpOOOJITaJICH.
169

Mne CTpalliHO XOTCJIOCb I136UTL 3TOrO OOJITYHa O nOJlYCMep-
TII, O,n;naHO 11 HMTIOrO HO CMOr Y3Ua TJ).
C TOX nop H CTaJl HOnaBII,n;CTb BbICOHIIe CTCIIbI 3anpeTHO-
ro ropo,n;a.
- TlOph1a! TlOpLMa! TlOpLMa! - "(laCTO TIOBTOp1lJl R,
CTOH Ha ropc ,[(yiiclOllIaHb II rJIH,Y];H Ha ,n;BOpn;OBYIO CTeHY.-
q TO pccny6JIHKa CO MIIOii 110 B JIaax, 3TO ClQO IlOHHTHO. Ho
COBepIIleHHO HenoIIHTHo, rr0 1 IeMY KHH3bH, caHOBHHKH II ,[(e-
napTaM£'IIT ,IJ;BOpa TO/He lIO 1\'10rYT IIOJIa,n;HTb CO MIIOM. .fI xo-
TeJI yueil{a Tb, "lITOObI B03pO,IJ;HTb naCJIc,n;He MOIIX npe)J;KoB.
A paJ\II "lloro BbI ,n;epmIITO MCIIR 3)J;OCL?..
Ha CJIc)J;YIOlQuii )J;eHb, YBH}J;eB ,[(moHcToHa, R H3J1HJI eMY
CBoe IIC;J;OBOJIbCTBO. OH nOCTapaJICH YCIIOKOHTL MeHR, rrOCOBe-
T'OBaB BpeMeHHo 060 IDCOM :3TOM He YIMaTb, CMOTpeTb Ha ne-
II rOOJleo 'peaJlbHO H 'CHaqaJla npOBelCTJI 'peQlP'raHH3aIIIO 3an-
pOTHoro Topa.
- BHOBb rrpHOLIBillHH qm3H CHO-CIOH - "tIeJlOBeK 01JeHL
3HeprlI"lIHbIii, - CHa3aJI 01I. - qm:3H - 1JeJIOBeH MHoroooe-
m;alOID;JIH no CBOIIM HaMepeHIIHM; HenJlOXO OLI nOCJIyma TL,
tITO OH JJ;YMaeT no rroBo;a;y pe<p'OpMbI.
Y MeHH BHOBb 3a TenJIHJIaCb Ha)J;em}J;a. Pa3 HeJIb3H B03-
pO)J;MTL HaCJIe)J;He rrpe}J;KOB 3a npe}J;eJIaMH 3arrpeTHoro ropo-
}J;a, rrpH,n;eTCH HaqaTb C HaBe}J;eHHH rropH)J;Ka BHYTPH )J;BOpn;a.
.fI OLIJI BeC:hMa )J;OBOJIeH rrpe,n;JIOmeHHeM ,[(mOHCTOHa. Tor}J;a H
He Mor :II rrO}J;YMa Tb, "tJTO n03}J;Hee, ynOMJIHaH B CBoeH KHJIre
rrpo STOT rrooer, ,[(mOHCTOH nJIcaJl, tITO He HMeJI K HeMY HH-
KaKoro OTHOmeIlJIH :II }J;ame ObIJI ero rrpOTJIBHJIKOM.
POCITYCK EBHYXOB
[BHemHe B 3anpeTHOM ropo,n;e QaplIJIO nOJIIHOe CIIOI\OHCT-
BIle. Ho ;nHYTpH Hero TBOpHJIOCL tITO-TQ HeBoO'opa3HMoe.
C :,n;eTClKIIX JIeT 11 m:OrCTOH'HtHO CJIbImaJI, tITO BO AJBope InpOHC-
XO}J;HT KpamH, IIOmapbl II }J;ame YOHHCTBa, He rOBopH ym 00
a3apTHbIX Hrpax H KypeHHH onHY,Ma. BOpOBCTBO )J;OCTHrJIO
TaKoii CTeneHH, qTO, HanpHMep, He ycrreJla ern;e 3aKOHqJITbCH
n;epeMOHHH Moen CBa)J;Wbl, KaR Bce iHeMtIymHHLI II 1IillMOBble
YKpameHHH KOpOHbl IIMnepa TPHD;bI ObIJIH IIO}J;,MeHeHbl cpaJIb-
mHBLIMH.
OT HaCTaBHHKOB 11 Y3HaJI, tITO COKpOBJIID;a n;HHCKoro }J;BO-
pa nOJIb30BaJlHCb MHpOBOii H3BeCTHOCTblO. O)J;HJI TOJIbKO aH-
170

THKBapHLIe H3eJIHH, KaJIJI1Irpa<pHeCKHe HarrHCII H KapTII-
RLI II3YMJIHJIH CIBOHM KOJIIf"qeCTBOM II CTOHMOCTLIO. parOeH-
HOCTH, .KOTOpLIe COTHH neT C06HpaJIHCL 1:IMrrepaTopaMH H
KHH3LH,MH )];BYX HHaCTHH - MHH 1:1 Q1:IH, 60JIbmeH qaCTLIO
XpaHHJIHCb DO )];BOpe, KpOMe Tex, "(ITO ,IJ;BamAbI, B 1860 H
1900 roax, 6bIJIH BLIBe3eHLI HHOCTpaHHLIMH COJIaTaMH.
BOJIbIIIHHCTBO 3THX BeeH He 6blJIO OIIHcaHO 11 H1:IKeM He
rrpOBepHJIOCL; rr08TOMY, CKOJILKO 1:IX YTpaqeHO, HHKTO He
3HaJI. 8THM BOCnOJIL30BaJIHCL pa3JIHqHLIe npOXO;a;HMbI. <PaK-
THqeCKH npOHCXOHJI caMbIH HaCTOHIr{HH rpa6em. rpa6HJIH
Bce 6e3 HCKJIIO"tJeHHH. KambIH, RTO HMeJI B03MomHOCTL CTa-
m;IITb, Tam;IIJI 6e3 3a3peHHH COBeCT1I. l\paJIH ,no-paaHOMY.
a AHH B3JIaMLIBaJIH 3aMKH 11 KpaJIH nOTHXOHLKY, )];pyrHe
nOJIL30BaJIHCb JIeraJILHLIMH MeTOAa,MH II KpaJIH cpeb 6eJIa
,IJ;HH. EBHYXH 60JILme 1ICnOJIL30BaJIII rreplBblH cnoc06, B TO
BpeMH KaK CJIymaru;He ,n:errapTaMeHTa Bopa II caHOBHHKH
npH6eraJIH 'K nOCJIeAHeMY. OHH 3aKJIa,IJ;LIBaJIH Beru;H, npoa-
BaJIH HX OTKpLITO, 6paJIH «JIH OQeHKH» lIJIH BLIrrpaIIIHBaJIH
ce6e B 'KalIeCTBe 1II0apKa. CTIOco6 me, IKOTOpLI,M eHCTBOBaJIH
H II IIy Q3e, Kora OAHH apHJI, a APyroH npHHHMaJI noap-
KH, 6LIJI HaH60JIee COBepmeHHLIM. KOHe"tJHO, Tora Y MeHH
TaKHX MLICJIeH He 6LIJIO. .fI 6LIJI JIHIIIL 06ecnOKoeH TeM, lITO
MeHH 06KpaLIBaIOT pyrHe.
l\orAa MHe HCnOJIHHJIOCL IIIeCTHaAQaTL JIeT, OAHamLI 113
npOCToro JII060IIbITCTBa H IIOIIpOCHJI eBHyxa OTKpLITL xpa-
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JIH OIIeaTaHM H no KpaHHeH Mepe HeCKOJILKO eCHTKO JIeT
He OTKpbIBaJIHCL. .H YB'H,IJ;e.rr, lITO nOMem;eHlIe O IIOTOJIHa
CIIJIOlliL 3aCTaBJIeHO 60JILIIIHMH HIIJ;HKaMH, Ha KOTOpLIX 6bIJIH
HaKJIeeHLI HpJILIKH, ,IJ;aTHpOBaHHLIe rOAaMH rrpaBJIeHHH Q3H-
QHHa. qTO HaXOHJIOCL BHYTPH, CKa3aTL HHKTO He Mor. .fI Be-
JIeJI eBHyxaM OTKpLITL OHH H3 HHX. B HIIJ;HKe OKa3aJIHCL
CBHTKH HaAIIHceH 11 KapTHH 11 Heo6M"tJaHHO H3Hru;HMe aHTH-
I\BapHbIe H3,n;eJIHH Jf3 He<pPHTa. II03Hee BLIHCHHJIOCL, lITO
aTO OLIJIH parOn;eHHOCTM, KOTopMe 60JILIIIe Bcero JII06HJI caM
HMIIepaTOp QHHbJIYII. IToCJIe ero CMepTH H,MIIepaTOp Q3HQHH
npHKa3aJI OIIeaTaTL Bce 8TH parOQeHHOCTII 11 aaIIOJIHHJI HMH
MHomeCTBO XpaHHJIHIIJ;, paCIIOJIOmeHHblX BOJIL ,IJ;BOpn;a
QaHHbcpyrYH. B OHHX XpaHMJIHm;aX HaXOAHJIaCL HCKJIlOlIH-
TeJILHO pMTyaJIbHaH YTBapb, B pyrMx - TOJILKO cpap4>op, B
TpeTLHX - 3HaMeHIITbIe KapTHHLI. B XpaHHJIHm;e aa naJIaTOH
.RHCHHLHHL H o6HapymMJI MHomeCTBO OqeHL HHTepeCHbIX
Kopo50eK CO eTa paron;eHHoeTHMH. rOBOpHT, tITO OHH Tome
171

i1pHHaJtemaJtM MMnepaTOpY t:(HHbJtYHY. 9TI1: ,!{Op060QMH H
CaH,n;aJIOBOrO ,n;epeBa HarrOMIIHaJIII 06bIQII:bIH Rm;MK CTOJIa.
B OTKpbITOM BH,n;e OHII rrOXO,n;HJIH Ha MaJIeHbKylO JIeCTHlln;y,
Kam,n;aH cTyrrellb KOTOpOH COCTOflJIa H3 HeCKOJIbKHX ,n;eCHTKOB
nqeeK. B KaiHf(oii HqeHKe HaXO,n;HJIaCb RaRaH-iHH6y,n;b ,n;paro-
QeHHOCTb. HanpHMep, MaJIeHbKaH Ba301.lKa H3 CYHCKOrO <iJa-
RHCa; qeTBepoKHMlliHe pa3MepOM B IIOJITOpa BepmKa, HarrH-
CaHHOe pYI\oii 113BeCTHOrO KaJIJIMrpa<Pa....rrepeIIIIC"tJMI\a; Be-
JIIIKOJIennO BblrpaBllpOBaHHbIii map H3 CJIOHOBOH KOCTH;
rpen;KnH opex C BLIpe3aHHbLM Ha Hel\1 TeKCTOM ,n;peBHeii CKa3-
RII; HeCI\OJIbKO apOY3HLIX CeMeqeK co CTHxaMH II pnCYHKaMM
IIa HIIX; ,n;peBHHH erHrreTCKaH MOHeTa H T. JJ;. ,IJ:pyraH KOpO-
60llI\a XpaIIIIJIa B ceoe KapTHHbI, 30JIOTO, flIIIMOBbIe, 6pOH30-
BbIe H <pap<popOBLIe 113,n;eJIIIH, a TaKme 113,n;eJIHH 113 CJIOHOBOH
KOCTH lIT. . O,n;HIIX TOJIbI\O rMaJibIX 'KOpOOO"tIeH HaCqIlTbIBa-
JIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COT BII,n;OB, a 60JIbIIIHX - He o,n;Ha TbICH"tJa.
Em;e HMeJICH Crren;HaJIbHO c,n;eJIaHHbIH H3 caH,n;aJIOBOro ,n;epe-
Ba ,MaJIeHbKHH CTOJIIIK )J;JIH HaHa C MHomeCTBOM ceKpeTHbIX
Hm;HQKOB, B Kam,n;OM 113 ,KOTOpLIX JIemaJIa ,n;parOn;eHHOCTb.
Ero H He BMf];eJI, o,n;HaKO Bce 06HapymeHHLIe MHOIO Kopo60tIKH
(OKOJIO 40-50 IIITYK) rrepeHec B rraJIa TY HHCMHb,n;HHL. Ra-
KHMH me oora TCTBaMII H B KOHeqHOM ,C"tIeTe paCIIOJIaraJI?
H B3HJI TO, qTO YBII,n;eJI, a CKOJIbKO eru;e He DIIeJI? RaK rro-
cTyrrHTL C THMH )J;parOn;eHHocTHMII, HOTopLIe 3arrOJIHHJIII n;e...
JIbIe XpaHIIJIIIru;a, n;eJILIe }J;BOpLI? CKOJILKO HX YKpa,n;eHo? q TO
c,n;eJIa Tb, tITOObI IIpllOCTaHOBIITL rpaoemlI?
,n:mOHCTOH HaK-TO CKa3aJI MHe, "tJ:TO Ha YJIlln;e ,n:lIaHL-
M8Hb, r,n;e OH il\IIBeT, OTI\pbIJIOCb MHoro HQlBbIX aHTHKBapHbIX
Mara3I1HOB. qacTb HX rrpllHa,n;JIemllT eBHyxaM, tIaCTb - "tJH-
HOBHIIKaM ,n:errapTaMeHTa )J;Bopa HJIH HX pO}J;CTBeHHHI\aM.
ITo3,n;Hee ,n;PyrHe HaCTaBHHKII TaKiI\e BbIOKa3aJIMCb 3a Heooxo-
,n;HMOCTb rrpHHHTb MepLI orpam,n;eHHH M rrpeCeqeHHH BOPOB-
CTBa. B KOHQe KOHn;OB fl pemlIJi YCTPOIlTb HHBeHTapH3aQHIO,
qTO npHBeJIO H eru;e OOJIbIIIIIM oecrrOI\OHCTBaM.
flpeiH,n;e Bcero KpamM y"tJaCTHJIHCb. I\TO-TO COpBaJI 3aMOR
C ,n;BepeiI XpaHMJIIIa B03JIe ,IJ;BOpn;a lOiin;MHrYH, KTO-TO OT-
RpbIJI 3a,IljHee OKHO ,n;BOpn;a QHHbU;HHrYH. CJIODOM, -qe,M ,n;aJIb-
me, TerM xyme. MCtIe3 TOJIbKO tITO KyrrJIeHHbIH MHOIO 60JIb-
mOM OplIJlJlHaHT. I1MrrepaTOpCI\He HaJIOmHHn;bI rrplIKa3aJIII ,n;o-
npoclITb eBHYXOB, OTBeTCTBeHHbIX 3a 3TM XpaHMJInm;a, a ec-
JIM rrOnaf];OOIlTCH, rro,n;BeprHYTb IILITI\e. O,n;HaKO HH IIbITI\M, HII
ooem;aUlIfl rn;ep;pLIX Harpa,n; He B03bIMeJIH ,n;eHCTBIIH. BOJlee
Toro, ef];Ba HatIaJIaCb MHBeHTapIl3an;HH XpaHIIJIIlru;a ,n;BOpn;a
172

Q3HHb<pyryn, 1\aI( B ttOttb Ita 27 I1IOHH BHeaaIIHbIH nomap
YHHlITOmMJI Bce OTJIa.
fOBOPHT, 'ITO ITe pnbIMH nomap oUHapY/KlIJIH nomapHbIe
ROMaH,IJ;bI HTaJIbHHcHoii MHCCIIH. Kora nomapHHRII nO'.be-
XaJIH K BopOTaM 3aIIpeTHoro ropOAa II CTaJIM 3IBOlIHTb,
CTpaiIa y BOpOT em;e H'HqerO tHe '3HaJIa. IIoap TYIIIHJIH BCIO
HOtIb. TeM He Menee 60JIbIIIOH yqaCTOI\ OKOJIO BOpn;a Q3HHb-
cpyryn, BRJIlOlIaBIIIHH MHomeCTBO ABOPU;OBbIX nOMem;eHHii,
npeBpaTHJICH B rpYAbI nenJIa. MMeHIIo B 3THX nOMem;eHHHx
XpaHHJIOCb 60JIbllIe Bcero AparOn;eHHocTei1:. CROJIbI\O Bem;efI
norH6JIo BO BpeMH 3Toro nO/l\apa, OCTaeTCH 3ara,n;Roii H no
ceH eHb. B Hacnex COCTanJIeHHOM cnHcKe, IOTOpbIii nOTOM
ony6JIMKOBaJI ,IJ:enapTa,MeHT ,IJ;BOpa, 6bIJIO cKa3aHo, qTO crope-
JIO II II'OIIOprqeILO 2665 30JIOTbIX oY)JJJ, 1157 CBIITKOB Ha,n;IllI-
ceil M I\apTMH, 435 aHTMKBapHbIX 113eJInii, HCCKOJIbRO ,n;eCHT-
ROB TbICHq ,IJ;peBHIIX 'RHHr. KTO 3HaeT, "(lCM PYROBOCTBOBaJICH
,IJ:enapTaMeHT Bopa, COCTaBJIHH no,n;o6HbIH CITHCOK.
Bo BpeMH TYIIIeHHH nomapa no BceMY Bopn;y CHOBaJIII
RHTaiin;bI, HHocTpaIln;bI, CJIymaru;Me 3anpeTHoro ropoa II
npocTo ropo,n;cRHe mHTeJIH. C KaRoH n;eJIblO, RpoMe TYllieIlMH
orHH, HymHo 6bIJIO cneIIIHTb, ,n;ora,n;aTbcH HeTpYHo. TeM He
MeHee 3anpeTIIblii ropo,n; BceM Bblpa3HJI 6JIaro,n;apHOCTb. TIo-
MHMO tIaH H CJIaocTeii, ROTOpbIMH yroCTIIJIH TYIIIHBIIIHX no-
map, AenapTaMeHT ,n;nopa BbI,n;aJI nOJIHn;eiicKIIM II nomap-
HbIM OTpH,n;aM GO TLICHq Ioaneii «IIarpa,IJ;HLIX».
QTo6bI lIMeTL npe,IJ;CTaBJIeHHe 0 pa3Mepax npHqHHeHHOro
IIOrKapOM y6bITRa, CTOHT paCCKa3aTb 0 TOM, tITO 6LIJIO c,n;e-
JIaHO C KyqeiI IMycopa, OCTaBIIIerOCH nOCJIe nomapa II ero
«TYIIIeHHH». B TO BpeMH H nObICRHBaJI MeCTO AJIH ICTpOII-
TeJIbCTBa TeHHHCHoro RopTa. B TeHHHC MeHH HayqMJI HrpaTb
,IJ:moHcToH, YTBepm,n;aBIIIMM, tITO BCH aHrJIHHCRaH 3Ha TL lIr-
paeT B 3TY Hrpy. TIonap RaI\ pa3 H c,n;eJIaJI TaRYIO nJIoru;a,n;-
KY. .H npHRa3aJI AenapTaMeHTY ,n;Bopa '6bICTPO paCqHCTHTL
ee. B KYlIax 30JIbI lIeJIb3H ObIJIO HaMTH OCTaBIIIeiicH RapTH-
UbI, peBHero cpapcpopa, OHaRO paCnJIaBJIeHHOrO 30JIOTa, ce-
pe6pa, Me,n;H, OJIOBa OCTaJIOCb HeMaJIO. errapTaMeHT ABopa
npHrJIaCHJI npe,n;CTaBMTeJIeH Bcex IOBeJIHpHbIX Mara3HHOIB
neKHHa, H O,IJ;HH 113 3THX Mara311JHOB 3a 500 TbI'Cnq roaHeii
KynHJI npaBO Ha BbIB03 3TOfI 30JIbI, H3 ROTOpoii BIIOCJIe,n;CTBHlI
6bIJIO nOJIyqeHO CBbIllie 17 TbICHq JIHHOB 30JIOTa. OCTa TKH 30-
JIbl eIIapTaMeHT Bopa BeJIeJI c06paTb B JIbHHHbIe MelliRH II
pa3,n;aTb CBOHM CJIymam;MM. ITo3,n;Hee O,n;MH "t.IHHOBHHR pac-
CKa3bIBaJI MIle, "tJ:TO ero ,IJ;H,IJ;H npeno,n;Hec JIaMaHCTCROMY MO-
173

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174

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175

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176

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177

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JIeJIM.
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- Y t:(errapTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa eCTb ,n;eBM3: JIIOObIMM cpe,n;CT-
BaMJiI rro,n;,n;epiI\JlBa Tb cyeCTBYloee rrOJIOmeHHe. By,n;b TO
He3HaqMTeJIbHOe U3MeHeHHe HJIH rpaHAH03HMe rrJIaIIW peop-
raHM3an;HM, Bce OHH Ha TOJIRHYTCH Ha 3TOT ,n;eBH3 - II Tor,n;a
CTon!
178

HaCTaBHIfJtlt ,n;aBtIO 3a , ttpa I BM.1ItI ,MOt<> «Ma,ID1t,Ity» rOplOrqUM,
a MOTOp ly.me 16bIJI « 3af)JyeH». II eCJllI paHbwe IMomHO ObIJI.Q
rOBoplITb 0 TOM, lITO KTO-TO pyroii ynpaBJIHJI BMeCTO MeHH,
TO TcnepL H caM CIIAeJl na l\fCCTC BOAMTeJlfl H exaJl HaBCTpeqy
MoeM Me 1 ITc. .fl TOJlLI\O lITO ycnellIHo IMHHOBaJl «IIepeKpeCTOK»
POCIIYCKa CBnYXOB, H Tencpb, HTO 6bI 1111 BeJleJl MIle OCTaHO-
BHTbCH, C].I;eJla Tb aTO '6LIJlO HeB03MomHO.
H IIpHHflJl TBcp,n;oe pemeHHe. 11 H IIameJl CHJIbI.
IIepBoe, 'lITO H c,n;eJlaJI IIOCJle CBa,n;b6:bI, - 3TO BOCIIOJIb30BaJl-
CH CBoeM BJlaCTLIO 11 'B:bI16paJl H ' 3 n'pH!BepeHe'B MOHapXIIH,
IIpHHHMaBmMX yqaCTUe B CBaAe6HOM epeMOHHH, CaM:bIX npe-
,n;aHHbIX II TaJlaHTJlMB:bIX, C MOCH T01IKII 3peHHH, JlIO,n;eii B
KalIeCTBe CBOHX 6J1HmaMllIHx ,n;OBcpeHHbIX IIOMOID;HHKOB. 113-
6paHHbIe me B CBOIO 01ICpOA:b peIOMeII,n;OBaJlH MHe CBOHX JIyq-
mHX APY3eii. TaKUM 06pa30M, n 3anpeTHOM ropo,n;e I{OJllIqe-
C1lB1o. ROC YBeJl'll]lIMJlOICb Ilia 12-13 mTYR. ,8TH'MrH JIlp'Ol,IlJaH-
IIbIMH JIIOALMII 6bIJIII qiH3H CflO-CIOM, JIo qmaH:b-IOll, Q3HH
<1>aH-lIaH, B3H:b Cy, 1\3 llIao-MHHb, JIH qmYH-cM, qmy IKy-
qm3H:b, BaH fO-B3ii, llIaH I1-HH H ,n;pyrHe. .R IIOmaJlOBaJI HM
IlOlIeTHbl ' e THTYJlbI qJIeHOB IOmHOI1'O Ka6HHe ' Ta (yqe6HaH :H'QI:M-
naTa HMIIepa Topa) 11 1JJIeHOB IIaJla TbI MaOn;UHbAHIIb (IIaJIa Ta,
Be].l;aBmafl KaHn;eJlHpCKHMH npHHa,n;JIemHOCTHMH HMIIepaTO-
pa). KpOMe aToro, fl Ha3IIa lIHJI IMHHHCTpaMH ,n;Bopa ABYX
MaH:b'IImypOB - 6bIBmero HaCTaBHHKa Y qmaH CI03-JIHHa,
BbIxo,n;a 1I3 KpaCHoro 3HaMeHH C KaRMOIO, BHe-ry6epHaTO-
pa MOHrOJIHH Q3HHb JIHHa H Moero TeCTH lKYH IOaHfl.
8TH JIIO,n;H ,n;aBaJIH MHe COBeTM B YCTHOH 11 IIHC:bMeHHOH
cpopMe. K COiKaJIeHHIO, HX 3aIIHCH IIOq'TH He COXpaHHJIHC:b.
II plLBe,n;y JIHm:b OTp:bIBOK U3 OKa3aBlIIellCH y MeHH no,n; py-
ROM ,n;oKJIa,n;HoM 3aIIHCKH Q3HH:b JIHHa, ,n;aTHpoBaHHOM HHBa-
pe'M m8'CTHa.n;aTo["1Q DOAa npaBJI1efHIHH CIOaH:bTYHa (1924 DOp):
«...ITo ,MHeHHIO Bamcro IIOAaHH'OI'O, CaIM:bIIM 'BalKHbDM
CellqaC HBJIHeTCH TaHHaH IIOArOTOBRa R peCTaBpan;HH. ,IJ:JIH
B:bIIIOJlHeHHfl aTOM BeJIHKOii MHCCHH IIpeo6pa30BaHHH MHpa
cyru;ecTByeT MHomeCTBO 3a)J;aq, Tpe6YIOru;HX pemeHHfl. fJlaB"
HaH 3a,n;aqa - YKpeIIHTb CIIJl01IeH1I0CTb, 3aru;Hru;aH HMIIepa-
TOpCKHM ,n;BOp. BTopafl He MeHee BamHafl 3a,n;aqa - IIpHBeCTH
B IIOpH,n;OK ,n;BopOBoe HMyru;eCTBO, C TeM "IlT06bI Ha,n;emHO
xpaHHTb HamH cpHHanCbI. ,BamHo MMeTb !Bce TO, tJeM M:bI
6y,n;eM IIo,n;,n;epmHBa T:b H 3aru;Hru;a Tb ce6H. TOJl:bKO Tor,n;a Mom-
110 HaMe-qaT:b pecTaBpan;HIO...»
Q3HH:b JIflH ,n;aJlee IIpe)J;JIaraJI ROHI\peTHbIe cIIoco6bI pea-
JIH3an;HH IIOCTaBJIeIlII:bIX 3aalI. .R 6bIJI IIOJIHOCTbIO COrJIaCeH C
179

}fllM n 'rOtM, 1J:TO peOpr,aHI1I3aI1IO IHe06xo,IJ;H'MtQ Ha tI,lIHa Tb C
Olrr,a pTalMCHTa ].J;BOpa.
HpOMe ,c'alMbIX phHHbIX 'CT ' OPOllHJ11{'OB TaMHOM IpleCTaBpa-
IJ;M'II, a/Re IIOCCHMM'CTIII'qOCllfli :lIaCTpOCHHbIe ,npll1'llepmOHl(bI
MOHapXllll 'B 60JIbIllHtHCTBe ICBoeM He B03pamaJIll n'pOTJI'B «3a-
IIIJIIT:bI BiOlpa, Y,IIOpHp;OtI'eHHH <pI1HanCOB II JlllRB'll'p;aIJ;lllI 3JliQ-
yrrIOT,peI6J10Hl1H». CpelI HHX HaXOllJIa'Cb JIHIllb HeOOJlbIllaH
TPY1II,II'Ka JIIOeM, !I{OTOpbIe !IIpH )T1IIOMHHaHHH 0 peopTaHH3a-
ll J-];e[IapTaIMeHTa J];Bopa TOJIb'RO TIOKaq:nBaJIll 'rOJIOBOH.
K HHM OTHOCJHJICJI H MOM HaCTaBIHlI!K "lJJ3Hb. 8Tll JlIOll CqH-
TaJIM, itfTO 3JIoynoT,pe6J1eHllH - 60JIe3Hb 3aCTapeJIaH, B03-
lHHKIIIaH He IB OllH eHb. Y'CJIOBHH )J;JIH ee nOHIBJIeHll'H C03-
a'BaJIMCb J];eHb 13a HeM HarqILlIa.H ee 'CO npeMeHH HMnepa-
Topa HHbJlHa. IBeJ\b OKa3aJlllCb }He 6e3YCilleIllHbIMlI no-
flbITI{ll IrrpOH3BeCTlI Ipeop'raHH3aRIO IBO 'BpeMeHa npalBJIOHllH
Q3llHa H aoryaHa. A pa3Be CeHrqalC aTO CeJlaTb JIeffqe?
HaCTa'BJIHK q ' 3Hb CQllTaJl, "tlTO ena'pTa'MeHT Bopa JIy-qme
He T'poraTb, peop'raHH3allH TOJlblKO YXllillT tlIOJIO.iKeHHe.
QT0I6bI lIe 16YJl!opallTb !MaJlbm ]J;BOp, Hao OTJIOmHTb Ipeme-
Rlle 13Toro Bonpoca O 60JIee nOOWIero ,l\l,OMeHTa. JIIO.L{H,
noo6HbIe HaCTa'BHHJKY Q3HIO, CTapaJIll'Cb epmaTb lIeHTpa-
JlllTeT - IOHll 11 He Oo6pHJlH peop 1 raH 1 ll3aII,HIO 11 He 3aH-
aJIH 8lIIa'pTaMeHT Bopa.
!{aK-TO H03a,n;OJIrO O ,Moen meHllTb6bI H YCTpOHJI Hepa3-
YMHYIO 3aTeIO C Y110PHAOQCHlleM WHHaHCOB, pelliH,B no rrpep;-
JIO}ReHHIO mOHCTOHa YIpep;HTb opraH, KOTOpbIM crre:naJIbHO
3aH'HJICH /6bl 3THMH IBO[lpOCaMH. R IIpHTJlaCHJI JIyrqmeTO JJ;py,ra
mOHCTOHa - JIll Q3HH-:MaH, C TeM tITo6bl OH B03rJIaBHJI
3TOT CneMaJIbHbIH opraH. JIll He COrJlaCHJICH H nopeKO-
MeHp;OBaJl BMeCTO coon CBoero po,n;CTBeHHHKa no <paMHJIHll
JIIO. el1apTaMeHT p;Bopa, npHMO He BbIpamaH CBoero He-
COrJIaCIIH, BHOB:b IIpHoer K rrOMOII OTa. R He rrpHHHJI BO
BHHMaHHe ero yroBopbI H TBepAO HaCTaHBaJI Ha 'Ha3HaQeHHH
pop;CTBeHHHKa JIll Q3HH-MaH Ha 3TOT nOCT. BCKope JIIO 3a-
HHJI Moe MCCTO. Op;HaI\O, rrpOCJlymHB Bcero JlHmb TPH Me-
CHu;,a, OH rrOrrpOCHJI OTIIYCK H BepHYJICH B llIaHxaH.
Heya1I!Y H OO'bHCHllJI BbI160pOM Hem:oxoe'ro qeJIOIBe)Ka H
TeM, tITO He YMeJI em;e npaBHTb JIH1IHO. K TOMY BpeMeHH no-
JlHTlltIeCKan 06CTaHOBKa B CTpane pe3KO 060CTpHJIaCb H MHe
tIYTb 6bIJlO He rrpHlliJIOCb 6ema Tb B aHrJIMMCKYIO MHCCHIO. BbI-
JIO He P;O peopraHH3aHH. OHaKO H3MeHllJlOCb H Moe nOJlO-
meHue. Bo-rrepBbIX, H CTaJI B3pOCJIbIM -qeJlOBeKOM H HHRTO
yme He Mor nOMeIllaTb ,MIle ocym;ecTBHTb 3aAYMaHHoe. Bo-
180

u
BTOpbIX, B03J1e ,MeHH HaXOHJlaCb rpynrra BeptILIX Mae JtIO,n;eH
n CHJlbI HamH YBeJlHtIHJlHC:b. .R C 60Jl:blliHl\i y,n;OBJleTBOpeHlIeM
BbI6paJI 113 aTOM rpYIIrrLI qiK3H CHO-CIOH, I\OTOPOMY 11 IIOpYQlIJI
OTneTCTBeHHYIO 3a,n;a tIY peOpraH1I3aHlI.
qm3H CHO-ClOii 6bIJI 3el\iJIHI\OM qaH:b Bao-m3HH. IIplI QlI-
Hax OH CJIYiKHJI KOHCYJIOM B .flrrOHlIH, B ropo,n;e K063, 6:bIJI
rrOrpaHHtIHLIM KOl\iMCCapOM n rrpOBIIHlIM fyaHCH. Ero peKO-
Men,n;oBaJllI MHe q3H:b BaO-1lI3Hb 11 AiKOHCTOH. OcooeHlIO Ha-
XBaJIHBaJI ero AiKOHCTOH, IIo,n;tIepI{lIBaH, lITO qm3H CHO-
CIOR - CaI:bIM YBamaeMbIM 11M "lleJlOBeK 3a ,n;,Ba,n;u;aT:b JIeT ero
rrpe6:bIBaHlIH B KlITae II tITO BToporo TaKoro TaJIaHTa He C:bI-
CRaTL. qlli31I CHO-CIOH O:bIJI tIeJIOBeKOM 3HeprlItIH:bIM 11 06JIa-
,n;aJI He3aypH,n;H:bIMII opraHH3aTOpCRlIMlI crroc06HOCTHMH. q3Hb
Bao-m3Hb rOBOpHJI, "lITO B rrpOlIlJlOM OH Heo,n;HOKpaTHO OTRa-
3:bIBaJICH OT rrpe,n;JIOiKeHHH npe3II,n;eHTa pecrry6J1HKH CTa T:b
pecrry6J1lIHanCHUM "lIHHOBIIHI{OM 11 rroJlyqa Tb OT pecrry6J1lIRH
iKaJlOBaH:be. Ero XBaJIHJlH II B ra3eTax. IIoroBa pHBaJIII, "lITO
qiK3H CHO-CIOM 60JIeo ,n;eCflTH JleT rrHCaJl rrpeKpaCH:bIe CTHXH.
fl ern;e pa'H:bme BH,n;OJI ero RaJlJlHrpa<j>HqeCRIIe HaArrHCIi. fo-
BOpHJllI, tITO OH 3apa6aTLIBaJI Ha iK1I3H:b rrpo,n;aiHeM aTIIX o6pa3-
OB I{aJIJlHrpa4>MII. 11 3Toro tJeJlOBeKa, OTKa3aBmerOCH OT cJla-
Bbl M ,n;eHer :n rrpMme,n;mero CJIYiKlITb no ,n;BOpOU;, H CtIHTaJI Ha
pe)];KOCT:b BepH:bIM 11 rrpeaHH:bIM.
BrrepB:bIe H BCTpeTlIJICH C qiK3H CHo-clOeM JleTOM ABe-
Ha,n;u;a Toro ro,n;a pecrry6JIlIKH. OH rOBOpHJI 'co MHOR 06CTOH-
TeJl:bHO 11 ,n;OJIro. B MIIHYT:bI Boo,n;ymeBJleHlIH ero 6pOBlI no-
AeprlIBaJllIC:b M OIl 3axJle6bIBaJlCH OT BOCTopra; B rretIaJI:bH:bIX
MeCTax TOJIOC ero 3a TlIXaJI H Ha TJla3a HaBepTbIBaJll'rC:b CJIe-
3LI. Bco 3TO rrpOII3nCJIO Ha MCIHI orpOMHoe BrrC"lIaTJlCIIMe. .R
TOTQaC iI\O pemHJI OCTaBHT:b qiK3H CHO-ClOll BO ,n;Bopu;e 11
B:bIpa3HJI na,n;eiK,n;y, tITO OH xopomo rrpOHBMT ce6H Ha HOBOM
rrorrpHru;e. q TO H Tor,n;a eMY CI\a3aJI, TOqHO He rrOMHIO, rrOMHIO
JllIlIl:b, "(ITO OH 6:bIJI OtIeH:b paCTporaH MOH,MlI CJlo.BaMH 11 TYT
iHe OtIeHb 6bICTpO CO"lIIIHMJI «CTMXH 0 MMJIOCTlI lIMrrepaTOpa».
C TCX rrop KaK qil{3H CHO-ClOll CTaJl qJleHOM rraJIa T:bI Mao-
HH:b,n;HII:b, OH no pa3 rOBOplIJI ,MHe, "lITO )];JIH ,n;OCTHiI{eHHH Be-
JIMKlIX u;eJleR CHaqaJIa H806xo,n;lIMO peopraHH30BaT:b Aerrap-
TaMeHT ,n;Bopa, rrpe,n;JIOiHnn eru;e 60Jlee KOHHpeTH:bIH rrJIaH pe-
opraHH3alIH, tIeM Q3HHb JIHH. COrJIaCHO 3TOMY rrJlaHY, B
AerrapTaMeHTe ABopa CJle,n;OBaJIO OCTanHT:b TOJIbHO qeT:bIpe
OTAeJIa 11 3Ha"lIlITeJl:bHO YMeH:bmHT:b tIlICJlO tIMHOBHlIROB. II pe,n;-
JIaraJlOCL CHH31IT:b 11 MIIOrOlJIICJIeHH:bIe pacxo,n;:bI, tJTO He TOJI:b-
KO rrplIOCTaHOBlIJlO 6bI YTe 1 1HY ,n;eHer, HD H rrOCJIYiKlIJIO lICTOtI-
181

HHKOM .n;JIH HaKOlIJIeHHH. ,IJ:pyruMIl CJIOBaMH, np1l ocyecTB-
JIeHHH 3Toro rrJIaHa IIAeH peCTaBpaIIH rrpem,n;e Bcero o6peTa-
JIa <pHHaH'COBYIO OCHOBY. TI03TOMY, HapYIllaH Bce HOpMbI, H
Ha3Ha IHJI 3Toro xalIbCKoro CaUo.BIIlIKa na qaJI:blIlIROM ABOp-
n;OBoro yrrpaBJIeHHH, rJIaBeHCTBYIOUM cpe,n;u rrpOlIHX npH-
BOpH:bIX, H rJIaBH:bIM xpaHHTeJle,M nel.JaTH. IIoJIyqHB TaRoe
Heol6bJ!1IHOe IIIOBLIIIIeHHe, q\iK ' 3H ,CHO-'CroM CHOBa IB 3Ha,R ,6JIaro-
.n;a pHOCTH COlIHlIHJI CTHXH.
O.n;HaRO ,n;YMaT:b, qTO HeBemeCTBeHH:bIM .n:errapTaMeHT BO-
pa Mor lIOTepl1eTb nopameHHe OT qm3H CHO-CIOH,- 3HaqHT
CJIHIllKOM lIpeYMeHbIllaTb crroco6HOCTH yrrpaBJIHIOHX KaHe-
JIHpHeH H MMrrepaTopCKHM ].I;BOpOM, Ha'CQHTbIBaBIllHM 60JIce
qeM .u-BYXCOTJIeTHIOIO HICTOpmo. Ii XOTH qtil\3H CHO-'CIOM BHAeJI
Bce IB pa,n;ymHoM CBeTe 11 om;yaJI MOIO lIO,LJ;AepmI\Y H AOBe-
pHe, ero cy,n;b l 6a OKa3aJIaCL TaKoM me, KaK H y pOAcTBeHHH-
Ka JIM 13IIH-MaH,- OH Tome npo,LJ;epmaJICH Bcero JIHIll:b TpH
MeCHn;a.
RTO me H3 3THX npOCT:bIX II Heo6pa30BaHHbIx CJIymam;Hx
.n:errapTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa B:bImHJI qiI\3H CHO-CIOH, H TaK ,n;o KOHa
:II He J3:bIHCHMJI. MomeT 6:bITL, 3TO eJIo IPyR IlIao lIHa?
Ho OH 6bIJI 1I3nCCTH:bIii TPYC. QII JIHH? STOT Boo6m;e MaJIO
pa3roBapMBaJI, ,n;a II B ,n;eJIax .n:erra pTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa 6:bIJI
nOJIH:bIM lIlpo<paHoM. qTO me KacaeTCH Bao CU, TO OH npH-
6MJI BO ,n;Bopen; COBceM HeAaBHO H BPHA JIH MMeJI TaKHe He-
06bIKHOBeHH:bIe crroco6HOCTH. Tpy,n;HO lIpe,n;rrOJIOiRHTb, tJTO
3TO 6:bIJIO c,n;eJIaHO rro HlIHIJ;Ha TH,ne HII3illJIX JUHOBH:nKOB .n:e-
rrapTaMeHTa, HOO BPH,n; JIH OHH OCMOJIHJIHC:b nCTYIIHTb n e,n;H-
HOOOpCTBO C qm3H CHO-'ClOeM. rlepBoe, c tIeM 110CJIe,n;HHH
CTOJIKHYJICH rrOCJIe CBoero BCTyrrJIeHHH Ha IIOCT, ObIJIO CKO-
rrHm;e Hepa300pauHbIx AeJI, OTHOCHBIllHXCH e:w;e H nepMo,n;y
CHH:bXaHCKOM penOJIIOIJ;lIH. qm3H CHO-ClOll 'CIIHJI C AOJImHOCTII
rrpe,n;:bI,n;yru;ero HaIaJIbIIIII\a OT,n;eJIa u 110CTaBlIJI Ha 3TOT Bam-
HbIM IlIOCT .n:YH Q3H-iCIOH, lKOTOPOMY JIHlIHO ,D;OBepHJI. O,LJ;HaI\O
rrOCJIe 3Toro .n:enapTa'MeHT ABopa CJIOllHO pa36MJI rrapaJIHI.
HymHbI 6bIJIH ,n;eHbrII - HX He 6bIJIO, ,n;elICTBlITeJIbHO He 6bIJIO,
II 3TO HCHO 110,n;Tnepm,n;aJIH 3arrHCII B I\HHre ClIeTOB. Tpe6oBa-
JIHC:b neru;H - nx BelIHO HeJI:b3H 6:bIJIO naMTH...
CTa paHCb npHBJIetI:b JIIOAOii na 'cnolO CTOPOHY, qj-I\3H CHO-
cIOn ,n;epmaJICH CKpOMIIO H Bcer,n;a npHCJIyrnHBaJICH K MHeHMIO
CBOHX no,n;QHHeHHbIX. OH pernlIJI RaiI;J;YIO He,n;eJIIO BCTpeIa Tb-
I"!
CH C HHMM ,n;JIH OOMeHa MHCIIHHMU, 110rrpOCHB MX 3apanee IIOlJ;-
rOTOBHTb CBOH rrpe,n;JIOmeIIIIH lIO rrpe,n;CTOHeM peopraHH3a-
:nu. O,n;lIH H3 no,n;IHHeHHbIX 3aMeTIIJI, liTO no ,n;BOpIJ;e B KaIe-
182

CTBe mepT'BOrrpHHOIlleHHii HCrrOJl:b3YCTCH 60Jl:bIlIOe KOJlHtJeCTBO
<PPYI{TOB II cJlap;ocTeii, na tJTO YXOP;HT MHOrO p;eHer. Ha CaMOM
AeJIe BeH STH CHMBOJIJJlIOCIUle II 3I1a 1 IIIMOCT:b HX He YMeH:b-
liHTCR, CCJIU 3afOIInT:b IIX rJIJIHRHbIMH HJIH p;epeBHHH:bIMII
H306paiHeHHHMII. qmaH CHO-CIOM 0P;06PHJI STY Hp;eIO, BeJIeB
HeMep;JIOIIIIO JIpIIcTyrrIITb !{ ee ocyeCTBJIeHIIIO II rrOBbICHB
qIIHOBHJiIKa, rrpef];JlOmHBIlIero STO, Ha OP;HY cTyrreIIJJ JIO p;oJlm-
HOCTII. OHaRO Bce Te eBHYXH (a HX BO p;Bope OCTaBaJIOC:b
ee OROJlO COTHII), ROTopbIe rrpeBpam;aJIH mepT.BorrpJiIHOIlIe-
HJiIH B JIeraJl:bIl:blii II'CTOlIIIHK CBOIIX P;OXOP;OB, B03HeHaBHeJlH
qmsH CHO-CIOH. BYRBaJl:bHO "tIepe3 HeCKOJl:bKO p;HeM IIOCJle
ero Ha3Ha l IeHJiIH OH CTaJl CaM:bIM HerrorrYJIHpHbl,M tJeJIOBeKOM
B 3arrpeTHOM ropop;e.
OTcTyrra T:b qiKsH Cn:O-CIOH 110 XOTeJl, II BCKope OH rroJIY-
tJIIJI rrHcbMo, cop;epmaee yrp03Y. B rrHC:bMe rOBOpJiIJlOC:b:
«T:bI JlHIlIaeIlI:b JlIOP;OM cpep;cTB K cyecTBoBaHHIO, 6eperII
CBOIO rOJIOBY». t:(moHCToH, KOToporo H HarrpaBIIJI P;JlH rrpoBe-
,n;eHJiIH 'peop,raHH3aHH B JIX!SIOaH:b, Toe TIO.rryrtIIIJI aHOHlIIM-
Hoe JIHC:bMO. «ECJlH T:bI OCl\feJlIIIlI:bCH rrOeXaT:b,- 6:bIJlO HarrJiI-
caHO B HeM, - TO B rrYTII Te6H y6:bIOT».
II03p;Hee t:(moHcToH caMOp;OBOJIbHO paCCKa3:bIBaJl: «fl He
ceJl B aBTOMOOIIJIb, a HapOqHO rroexaJI BepXOM, tITOtQ:bI rro-
CMOTpeT:b, rrOCMeIOT JIll OHn HarraCT:b Ha MeHH. B JiITOre H
mHBeXOH:bKHM p;oOpaJl'CH p;o MeCTa. fl p;aBHO Bcex HX BHmy
HacKB03b!» OH IIMeJI B BIIP;Y tIJIeHOB t:(errapTaMeHTa p;Bopa.
t:(moHcToH II qmsH CHO-ClOii OTHeCJlJiIC:b K aTHM yrp03aM C
rrOJIH:bIM Oe3pa3JIlItJHeM.
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191

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218

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224

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235

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paTopOM.
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«C06aQbMM reHepaJIOM», a 3aTeM n,epeKpeCTHJIH B «J\JIHHHO-
",
HOrOI'O reHepaJIa», TaK KaK OH Bcera n030pHO oemaJI, KOr);!a
Te'prreJI nopameHHe.
BToporo arrpeJIH 1928 rO)J;a IBOHCKa q,I\aH I3YH-tIaHa, no-
na,B y ,pe'KM JIaHbxa IB KJIeII ,D;BYX a1pMIIH - qaH RaH-llIH
H q,maH OIOa-JIHHa, '6bIJIH pa3611TbI. ICaM qma'H U:3yn-'tJaH
6emaJI 13 JIIOHmYHb, a nOTOM nepenpa1BHJI'CH  .HnoHHIO.
B 1932 ro,n;y no,D; npe,D;JIOrOM npHHeCTII IB IIOpH;rI;OK MOHJIbI
,CBOIIX np'e,D;KOB qmaH Q3YH-tIaiH nepHYJI'CH B illa.Hb,D;YH. 3,n;ecb
OH TaHHO yroBOpHJI JIIO qma-HRHH nO)J;HHTb B'OOCTaHH,e, Ha-
;:r;eHCb ,C nOMObIO ero BOH'CK 3aXBaTHTb nOC'T npec'e,aTeJIH
IDaHb)WHi(llioft InpOBHHH,H XaHb <DY-3IOH II BOPHYTb ce6e
6bIJIOe rOCIIO,D;CTBO. TpeTbero ce,HTH6pH 1932 rO,D;a OH 6bIJI
y6IHT IlIa BOK3aJIe ,B ropo,n;'e Q3 f MHaHb. YOHHD;a rrpII3HaJICH,
QTO MCTMJI 3a CMe'pTb CBoero ,n;H)J;IOllIKM (ero ,D;H,D;IOllIKa qmaH
Q3HH-maH - KOMaHMp KOlprryca B apMIIH <DaH IOH-fcHHa-
6bIJI pa'CCTpeJIHH q,RaH Q3YH-QaHoM). <DaKTHtI,eCKH me aTO
y611HCTBO 6bIJIO opraHII30BaHO npeAce,n;a TeJIeM rrpOBIIHn:1I11
maHYH XaHb <l>Y-I(3IOeM. rOOpHT, ItITO Tpryrrr qaH Q I 3YH-
,.,
'tJa,Ha OJIro naJIHJICH IIOJ]; OTKpbITbIM HeOOM, TaK KaK Ha QaJIb-
n,MK ero c'eKpeTapHaTa a,Re 3a eHbrll He Mor HaHHTb JIIO-
eH, KOTO'pbIe COrJIaCHJIMCb ObI n'e'peHeCTH ero TeJI'O, a rpo-
'60BI.IQfH 'He XOTeJIH npoaTb ,D;JIH Helro o6. B 'KOHI(e KOH-
t"" u
D;OB ,MeCTHbIe BJIaCTH npOBIIHII;UM, rro,n;CTpOllBm'He YOHllCTBO,
Bce m.e 'BeJI'eJIH y6pa Tb Tpyrr. STOT 3JIeHmHH Bpar HapOJJ;a
6bIJI 'tJa'CTbIM rOCTeM ,B MoeH pe311,n;e l HqllM B THHbD;3'HH.e, H JIa
H,ero H B03JIaraJI 60JIbllIlie iHa));"e'm,D;bI.
I\or,D;a H iHMJI IB ICeBepHoH pe311eHD;1I1I OTD;a, MeHH O,D;-
HaliKJ{bI HaBeCTHJI qmaH Q3YH-rqaH; OH I6bIJI ne'p'eoeT 1I 3a-
rpHMllpOBaH. IIocJIe Moero rrlepee3a B THHbD;3HHb OH HalBe-
aJI MelHH nCHKIIH pa3, Kor,,n;a 6bIBaJI B 'rO'poe. IIoHBJIHJI'CH
OH Bcer)J;a rJIy6oKoH HOIIbIO, TaK KaK A'HeM 06bIQnO CIIaJI. ITo
neqepaM OH KypliJI OIIIIYM, n03TOMY 6bIJI Bcer,n;a 'ClIJIbHO B03-
6YJI\,n;eH. MbI rOBOpMJHI na pa3IIbIe TOMbI II IIOAOJIry.
239

B 1926 TOY IBoH'clKa qliKaH Q30-JIHHH 11 Y n'3H 06'L-
CAIIHHJIMCb rrpOTIfB <l>3H lOii-cHHa II pa36MJIH ero apMMIO no)];
HaHbKoy. ApMIIH <DalH IOii-.cH'Ha oTcTyrrMJIa, II nepBbIMH, KT'O
BOmeJI n HaHbKoy, 6bIJIM OTpH,n;bI qil\aH Q3yn-tIaHa. YCJIbI-
malB 3TY o6pylO ,n;JIH MeHH ,BeCTb, H H'eMeJI,eHHO HarrHCaJI
,eMY IJIHCbMO - MMrrepaTopcKMii 3)J;MKT, rr03A'pa ' BJIHH ,ero C no-
6e,n;oH Ha,n; pa'c.HbIMM H 'co ,crra.ceHHeM RHTaH OT KOMMY-
HII3Ma.
13 UlOJtR, 1926 eof)a
«IIHmy ,nH'CbMO c nOmeJIaHMHMII ,BCeI'O HaHJIY'Imero CHO
KYIHIO. MbI J];a'BHO He OOMeHMBaJlII'Cb rrIICbMaMH, 11 H cKytIaIO
no Bac. IBO'eBbIe J];eiiCTB'IIH y HaHbKOY ym,e r3aKOH'IIIJIIICb, (II
BbI ,n;06MJIMCb nOqTII nOJIHOH rro6e,n;bI.
T.errepb, KOMaH,n;YH BOH,CKOM "IlIICJIe'HHOCTbIO 'CBbIIDe 110 TbI-
CHq 'IeJIOBeK, B:bI Be)];eTe 160M Me'm)];y illaHb)];YHoM H qmMJIII,
u ,.,
o,n;epmHBaH O.HY 3a APyroM rrooe,n;bI HaJJ; CMJIbHbIM npOTMBHH-
KOM. IB JIeTHHii 13HOii, !B TlpY:bIX ill OlIIaCH:bJ.lX \Y1CJIOBHHX BbI,
OT'palmaH HaTIICK BpaTa, B TeI1IeHHe nec.KOJI:bKHX Heii pa'3-
rpOMHJIH rCTapoe JlOrOBO MHTemHHKOB, COnepmMJIII IBeJIHKIIH
nO)];IBIIr, 'CrraCJIIH RMTaii OT trp03HlQero 'eMY KpH3Mca, ,n;OOH-
JIMCb y,crrexa IB JIIII\JBIIaQMII KOMMYHfloCTOB. Ceii'Iac KOMMY-
HHCTbI yme aJIeKO oT6pomeHbI, HO, eCJIH 3TO 3JIO H,e y.IlH1I-
TO}RHTb 'C K1opHeM, 601OCb, 'ITO 'B AaJIbHeHmeM Hac meT H,e-
MHHyeMaH 6eAa.
Ha)];,eIOCb, 'ITO BbI, PYKOBOP;CTBYHCb rrpHHHrr'OM H'CKop,e-
HeHMH aJIa, J];OBe,n;eTe ,n;eJlo )];0 'KORQa If CM,eTeTe HX 'C JlHa
3eMJI'H. TOJIbKO Tora RIfTaii III KMTaii'CKMM ,HapO)]; '06p,eTYT
C'Ia'CTbe.
JIocbIJIalO Co IOii-maHH *, tIT06bI OH rrperrO,IJ;HeC BaM )J;B'e
repe6pHHbIe Ba3bI n qeCTb rro l 6eJ];bI rro)]; HaHbKOY. IIpomy
nplIHHTb lIX. \IIepe,n;aM1'e rrpMBeTbI XaHb-QMHY [qmaH C103-
JIHHY], <I> a H-"lI 311 10 {JIll Q3HH-JIHHIO] M IOHb-maHIO [qy
IOif-rry]» .
lIaBecTMe 0 no6ee qmallI Q3yH-"lIaHa H nOJIYlIMJI paH:bID1e,
lIeM IC006m;IIJIH ra3eTbI, TaK KaK HMeJI CBOIO co6cBeHHYIO
pa3Be,n;KY. M,eHH O'IeHb o6pa,n;oBaJIa rro6e)];a qmaH iQaYH-tIa-

Ha, II H HapeJIJICH, tITO OR O)J;epmMT rrOJlHYIO IIooe,n;y, ROTO-
* Co lOii-maHb 6bIJI IIOJIKOBbIM KOMaH,n;HpOM 6hIBmeH lIMIIepa-
TOpCKOH rBap,n;HII.
240

paH IIOMOmeT ocyecTBMTb pCCTaBpan;IIIO. OAHaKO 3TOT «CO-
6aqMH reHepaJI» B IIepHO,n; CBOCrO B3JIeTa He il\eJlaJl OTKpO-
neHHO rOBopMTb Ha 3TY TCMY. OH BCIIOMHMJI 0 peCTaBpaMM
JIMmb TorAa, Hora CTaJI «JIMHHOHOrMM reHepaJIOM».
B 1928 roy qaH Rall-mM, <D3H lOii-cHH, JIHb CM-maHb II
APyrne 06HBHJIH 0 CBoeM COTPYHHqCCTBC M IIperrpMHHJIH
COBMeCTHoe HaCTYIIJIeHMe Ha CeBep. 060iiH HIIOHCKMe Boii-
CKa, IIOMoraBIllMe qmail Q3YH-'IIaHY B paiiOHe meJIe3HOH
oporH T.HHbD;3MHb - IIYKOY, OHM 3aXBaTMJIH orropHYIO 6a3Y
qmaH Q3YH-qaHa - rrpOBHHD;IIIO llIaHbAYH. BOHCKa qmaH
Q3YH-qaHa 6bIJIM HarOJlOBY pa36MTbI, a caM OH 6emaJI B
III aHbxaiiryaHb. B 3TO BpCMH qman Q30-JIMHb rrorM6 IIPH
B3pbIBe ,60M6bI, nOJIOmCHHOH HIIOHD;aMM, a oro CbIH, MOJIO;n;OII
MapmaJI qmaH CIOJ-JIHH, OTKa3aJI qmaH l(3YH-'IIaHY BO
B'be3e Ha CCBepo- BOCTOK. BOMcKa qmaH l(3YH-qaHa Haxo-
MJIHCb B THmeJIOM IIOJIOmeHMM B paiioHe JIYTaii - JIaHb-
qmoy, C;n;epmMBaH HaTMCK IIpoTHBnMKa C BYX CTOpOH; KaTa-
cTpo.pa 6bIJIa HeMMHyeMa. B 8TO BpeMH KO MHe IIpM6bIJI
IJ;3MHb qiRO, COBeTHMK qmaH IJ;3YH-QaHa, II IIepCJ(aJl OT Hero
llMCbMO, B KOTOpOM TOT XBaCTaJI, 'liTO B ero pacrrOp.HmeHMM
HMeeTC.H ee MHoro COJIaT, 0PYi;KMH H 'liTO BepHYTb IIeKMH
II THHbD;3MHb He llpeCTaBJIHeT 60JIbmoii TPYHOCTH. OH llM-
caJl Ta'Kme, 'liTO o6yqaeT apMMIO, Ha coepmaHMe KOTOpoii
emeMeC.H'IIHO YXOHT 2500 TbI'CH'II lOaHeii. « PaCC'IIIITbIBa.H Ha
Barny MYPOCTb, fl IIOKOpHO IIpomy IIOmaJlOBaTb MHe HeKO-
TOpyIO CYMMY ;n;cHcr, qTo6bI IIpeaHHbIi1: BaM COJI;n;aT 6bIJI
YBepeH B TOM, 'liTO OH MomeT Ha 'tJTO-JIM60 paCC'IIMTbIBaTb».
IJ; ' 3MHb 1Jmo HCCKOJIbI{O paa IIOqepHHYJI, qTO 1JmaH IJ;3YH-
qaH BOT-'BOT oepiKMT TIo6ey II e;n;MHCTBeHHoe, 'tfTO eMY Hym-
HO,- 8TO MOR ;n;eHem'HaH IIOMOID;b. "YaHaB, qTO H OII.HTb Ha-
MepeH TpaTHTb eHbrH, 1J3Hb Bao-m3Hb II Xy CbI-lOaHb Ha-
qaJlH MOHR OTrOBapHBaTb. B KOHD;e KOHD;OB eJIO KOH'IIHJIOCb
TeM, qTO H rrOCJIaJI qmaH IJ;aYH-qaHY JIMmb IIo;n;6a;n;pllBalO:r.qee
IIMCbMO. BCIKOpC 1JmaH IJ;aYH-qaH nOTeprreJI rrOJIHbIH Kpax H
6emaJI B .fIIIOHMIO. 1JeM l;n;aJIbme OH OT MeHR HaXO;n;IIJIC.H, TeM
60JIbme JIIOeii 6bIJIO aaHHTO TeM, TO IIepeaBaJIM MHe ero
rrM'CbMa H coo6ID;eHMH. B IIMCbMax 1JmaH QaYH-qaH, BbIpa-
iRaH Bce 60JIbmylO rrpe;n;aHHocTb D;HHCKOMY ;n;BOpy, 'npOClIJI
Y MeHH ,n;eHer. RpoMe IJ;aMIHb 1Jmo (B rrepMO;n; MaHb'llmoy-ro
OH 6bIJI MOHM aAIOTaHToM), rrMCbMa MHe IIepeaBaJIlI Ce
Q3e-mM, CTaBll1MH: BIIOCJIeCTBHH MMHHCTpOM MHocTpaHHbIx
,n;eJI; BaH IJ;aII-cMH, HaqaJIhHMK ye3;n;a 3qmoy; qmy JIo, Ha-
HaqaJIbHIIR mOJJeaHoii: AoporH TRHb:lMHb - IIYKoy; JIro
241

CHH-e, nJIeMHHHHIK qaHb ,Bao-m3HH; <I>,Jii' IOM-Kail, TIOJIMTII-
KaH aHb'cpycKOM l'py.rrrrHpOBI\1II, H Ha3bIBa l BmHM ,ce6H HallaJIb-
HHKOM ceKpeTapH qmaH Q3YH-QaHa CIOM fyaH-"tJ:m3H. OT
HIIX H nOJIy"tJ:aJI pa3JIH'£fHbIe H3HeCTHH 0 qmaH ,Q3YH-lIaH,e 11
yme He IIOMHIO, CKOJIbKO eHer OHH y MeHH 'B3HJI)H.
II pnBomy 3elCb Ba fII.II ' C1»Ma ilf3 Tex, 'tITO 6blJIH Tora
HaIIHcaHbI.
«...IIocJIe Toro KaK H Y3HaJI 0 Bam'eM ll.opameHHH npll
JIaHbx3, H He IIOJIY"tJ:aJl OT Balc OOJIbme HHKaKHX 'H3BeCTMM,
H 3TO MeHH O"tJ:eHb oecrrOKOHT. TpeBora !lIte IIOKI1,D;aeT M'eHH
HB ](HeM, DII HOrqbIO. Bltlea>a 1II0Jl,ly,"tJ:HJI OJ\JIatAHyro 3a[l,HC'KY OT
.JIOCJIa'HHOl'O MHOIO B aJIHHb MMHMCTlpa IIHOCTpaHHbIX }J;eJI
Ce Q3,e-mH, 'H3 KOTOpOM Y3HaJI, "tJ:TO BbI \HaXOHTeCb B JIIOM-
mYHe, a TaKiR,e 0 TOM, lITO BbI ,D;OrOBOpHJlHCb C 6bIBmHM PYC-
CKHM IreHepaJIOM CeMeHOBbIM 60POTb'CH rrpOTHB KpaCHbIX O
nOJIHOM n06e;n;bI. ,aTO coooeHH'e MeHH OQeHb oo'pa,n;OBaJIO.
IIooe,n;a H nOpaiReHHe Ha BOMHe OObI"tJ:HbIe 1HBJIeHHH. ilpem.n;e
"tJ:,eM BbI Ha"tJ:HeTe (UOBbIe OOH, HymHo xopomo K L£I1HM II'oro-
TOBHTbCH, HeJIb3H ,;n;eHlcTBoBaTb oIIpOMeTlIH'Bo.
ilOMe,pIiRHlBaH pyr P'YTa, ,BbI c Ce,MeHoBbIM nenpeMeH-
HO ,n;oobeTecb y,crrexoB. B HacTOHrn;ee ,BpeMH BbI HaXO,D;HTe'cb
,B Tlpy.n;HOM IIOJIOmeDIfH, BaM HeOQXo,D;HMa nOMe'pmKa. Ram-
,IJ;bIM pa3, IBCIIOMHHaH 00 3TOM, H IHe Mory HH cna Tb, HH eCTb
Cn{)KOMH'O. Ha,n;eIocb, lITO BbI 6y,n;eTe 6tepe"tJ:b 'c'e6H .n;JIH oJIara
na.m'eM cTpaHbI!.. .H D03JIaraIO Ha Bac caMbIe 60JIbilllfe Ha-
eiKAbI! »
«Bame IIMIIepaTopcKoe BeJrH"tJ:'ecTBo, npHMHTe IIO"tJ:THTeJIb-
HbIM nOKJIOH OT Q3Y;H-"tJ:aHa. B n'pOillJIOM Me,cHQe, 6YfJ;yqH B
TOKBO, H BCTpeTHJI JIIO CHH-e, II OH .B,py"tJ:HJI MHe IIHCM'O
HMIIepa Topa. .H 6bIJI o"tJ:eHb TPOHYT II HeMe,n;JIe,HHo lIlaIIHCaJI
OTHeTHoe IIH'CbMO. I1poilleJI yme J'o,n;, KaK H pa.ccTaJlICH C HM-
rrlepaTopoM. HH H HO"tJ:H -AYMaIO H 0 6eJJ;cTBHIf M'oeo Ha'po,n;a,
o 'cMYTax B HameM 'CTpaHe. Ham tIIMfIe,pa'TOp TaK rreqeTCH 0
cy;n;boax CTpaHbI, TaK JIIOOHT HapO)J;, "tJ:TO JI, KOHeqHO, OJImeH
Bce Trn;aTeJIDlHO CfIJIaHlIpOBaTb, He ,n;orrYCKaH 'HH MaJIeiimeil
ne'OpeiRHOCTII. O,D;HaKO, Kor,n;a -AeJIa'emb OOJIbillOe )J;eJIO, 1I'C-
nbITbIIBaH n'plI 3TOM HHaHCOBbI'e 3ar.DpY)J;H 1 eHHH, Tpy,n;HO ,n;o-
OIlTbCH QeJIH. JIIOooe eJIO HeJI'erKO ocyecTBHTb CHJIaMH to,D;-
DODO QeJIOBeKa, HO C JlIOObIM ,D;eJIOM MomHO 'CIIpalB'HTbCH, 'e'CJIH
B3HTbCH 3a Hero BceM BMeCTe. ,MMrrepaTOp, KOHe"tJ:HO, x'opomo
nOHHMaeT 3TO. Oc'eHblO rrpOillJIOrO ro,n;a ObIJIa 3aKa3aIIa IIa'p-
TlIlI 0pYJUHH CTOHMOCTblO 2 MHJIJIHOna '100 TbICHQ IoaH'eH. 113
242

aTOM cy MMLI BIla tlaJIe II'OJIaraJlOCh IllhllIJla TI1TL ItOJIOHltHy. H'e-
omHaHHo IJ;eHa HIIOHCKOH HeHbI IIOBbICMJIaCb, 'lI Ha KHTaH-
CKMe JJ;oHLrH 0TO C'OCTaBJIHeT TeIIepb 3 MMJIJIMOHa lOaHeM.
B HaCTOHIJee BpeMH B BOeH!HOM OTHOmeHJiIH yme rrpOHe-
eHa IIOJIHaH IIOJ]JrOTOBKa. Borr1poc CTOHT TaK: 'HJIM H,e HatIJiI-
 u u
Ha Tb ooeBblX el1)CTBHM, HJIH me, Ha-qaB HX, 'HeIIpeMeHHO O-
6'HTbCH ycrrexa. Bce YIIMpaeTCH TOJIbKO B opymMe, AJIH lIO-
,-
KYIIK'H K'OToporo Tp'eoyeTcH rBeCbMa ItpYIIHaH ICYMMa .n;eJller.
.H JlcII,po6oBaJI Bce cIIoco6bI, no rrOMOm;b, o6em;aHHaH IB aJIb-
H'eHllleM, He yOBJIeTBOpMT Hacym;HYIO IIOTpeOHOCTb. IIocJIe
JIHTeJIhlIbIX pa3MblmJI ' eHJiIH H IIpJiImeJI K 'BbIBOY, tITO eJiIH-
CTlBeHHblii CIIOCOO - aTO TI'pH6erHYTb 'K ,BarneMY JlMrrepa TOp-
CKO:MY IBeJIHqeCTBY II rrpOC'JiITb Bac CHatIaJIa BbI'eJIIITb O,AMH
MHJIJIMOH roaHeH.
ECJIH rrOJIyqHTb ,rrOJIHOCTblO aTY CYMMY 'CeMtIaC HeB03-
MOil\H'O, TO XOTH 6bl 300-500 Tbl'CHtI lOaHeH HymHLI, tITo6bl
MOrI\HO 6bIJIO ycrremHo B,eCTH eJIa. MbI 6yeM 6JIarOapHbl
HMrrepa TOPy 3a 6eCKOH'eQHYlO 06pOTY. IIIocblJIaeM 6bIBmero
HatIaJlbHHKa ye3a ,[(arqmoy BaH Q311-cHHa, 'tJ:To6LI OH JIJiIrq-
HO Jl3JIOmIIJI HMlIIepa TOpy CYTb eJIa. 8TO OtIeHb Ha,AemHbIH
tIeJIOBeK, K TOMY iI\e MOM 6JIH3KHM pOCTBeHHHK. E'CJIH HM-
IIepaTop corJIaC,eH, OH MomeT II'pHBe3TH ,AeHbrH. .KaK TOJIb:WO
elHbrH 6YAYT y Ha'c B PYKax, Mbl cpa3Y me J1atIH'eM eMICT-
BOBaTb. 8TH erHbrII tI'epe3 Ba MleCHIJ;a rrOCJIe Moero" IB03 I Bpa-
m;e'HMH Ha POMHY H C IIOQTeHMCM B03Bpam;y BameMY :HMrre-
'pa TOPCKOMY BeJIHtIeCTBY.
m,y H na'eIOCb, 1J:TO IBce 3aKOHtIMTCH ycrremHo. rJIy60-
KOM HOtIblO 3aKaHtIHnalO aTO IIMCbMO. OmlIalO BaIIIJiIX YKa-
3aHJiIH OTHOCJiITeJIbHO IBcex 3THX LBOIIlpOCOB.
meJIalO IIfMrrepa TOPCKOMY ,BeJIHtI'eCTBY 3OpOBLHr»
Bce 13Hamr, ''tJ:TO CMepTb tI,maH :Q'30-JllII'IIIH 6LIJIa eJIOM
'PYK JIIIOHIJ;eB. Ilo3fJ;Hee H CJIblmaJI, tITO 'OHJiI pa'CrrpaB'HJIM'Cb
C lIHM rrOTOMY, tITO 'OH nce MeHbme JIM rrOiBHHOBaJICH; ero
HerrOBMHOBeHJiIe 6bIJIO BbI3BaHO 'BJIIIHHH,eM MOJIOOro MapmaJIa
tImaH ClOa-JIJIHa, iHaM'epeBaBIIIerOCH rropBaTL OTHomeHHH C
HII'OHIJ;aMH H y,cTaHOBJiITL HOBblH COlO3 C aMepJiIKaHIJ;aMH.
IIMeHHo rr'OaTOMY Hrr0 H,IJ;bI Ha3bI'BaJrH ero He6JIaroapHLIM 11
CtIHTaJIII, tITO OH rrocTyrrHJI He rro-pymecK'II. TeM He MeH'ee
Tora H 6LIJI Harryra'H y6JiIMCTBOM tImaH QaO-JIJiIHH. ,HeKOTO-
pbI'a BeTepaHbI rrbITaJIJiICb npeoCTep'etIL MeHH, no IBce 6LIJIO
oe3y'crremHO, TaK KaK H OTHOCHJI ,ce6H K 'Co.BepmeHHo RHOMY
KJIaocy JIIOeM. B KOHIJ;e KOH'IJ;'OB, tImaiH Q30-JIHHL 6LIJI Bcero
JIJiIIDb BoeHHblM KOMaH)J;'JiIpOM H TaKHX JIIO)J;eM MomHO 6LIJIO
243

HanT.II eru;e. .fI ,HC ObIJI JlMUepaTOp.. It BToporo TaKora IcpeM
RMTaiin;eB HIIOHLI BbI6paTb He MOrJIH.
B 'TO 'B.peMH JIroH, oKpymaBmH.e 2\1eIUI, paocymn;aJlH TaK:
«Hapo,n; Ha 'Ce'Bepo-BocToe BceM ;J:ymoR HeHaBR,D;HT HIIOH-
n;eB, a HIIOHn;bI IIbITaroTcH IIOMema Tb 06'be,I(JiIHeHHro CHJI qmaH
Cro3-JIHHa C rOMHHbaHoM. .HIIoHD;bI ,n;OCTaTOtIHO CHJILHLI,
'tJ:T06bI 3aXBa THTb ICeBepo- BOCTOK CHJIOH, HO, ame eCJIH OHH
II CMorYT aTO CeJIaTb, HM BpH JIH yacTcH ynpaBJIHTL ca-
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254

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255

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258

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1929 rO)J;a, CIIYCTH ceMb MeCHD;eB IIOCJIe )J;YHJIHHCI\JIX C06bI-
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rJIaBHOH OIIOpOH B ocym:eCTBJIeHHII peCTaBpaD;IIM.
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paJIbHbIii ROHCYJI nplIrJIaCIIJI MelIH OCMOTpCTI) HaqaJIbUYro
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npHBeTCTBOBaJIH HIIOHCKMe llIROJIbIIHKM, CTOHBlline C OYMam-
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9*
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260

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262

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II ObIJITI HeOBOJIbIIbI, Kora Y3HaJTII, QTO I\a TO HO rrpOHBlIJI
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264

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qTO STO 6bIJI I1pOCTO rrpIITOH.
fl 6bTJI 3HaHOI IC Muno TOMOCCM, MaiiopOM Ma HI10IICJ\oro
IIlTa6a. BMeCTe C pyrIIMn oqHI:U;epalVI:H OH tIaCTO npnXOp;MJI B
«cap; lJ/Rana». Muo Torp;a If n rOJIOBY HO npIIxOJHJIO, tITO ;)TOT
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;JHaJi 060 BCCM, "rJTO p;eJIaJIOCJ) B Moeii pe3Hp;eHI1II. lIopoa
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OReaHa II 16bIJIa Y'LpOiR)J;eIIa 1.H'lIOIICHIIM 16pOAHQIlM calypacM
no HMeHM XHpaOKa KOTapo IIIOCJIe paIIIRo-rr\HTaii-
CROM BOMHbI 1884-1885 rOOB. 8TO 6bIJIa OHa TI;J caMbIX
pa'HHIIX IIlIIMOHCRI1X opraHH3an;nM, I\OTO paH OCYOCTnJIHJIa
pa3\BelIbIBaTeJIbHbIe n;eM'cTBHH rn RMTae. BHaT{aJIe co OTeJIe-
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HaMeR Ha peRY AMYP (pORa tIepHOrO p;paKona) n nORBIIJIOCb
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MH OOrn;CCTBO naCqTITbIBa.TTO JIOCI\OJIJ)HO COT ThICHq "rJCJIOBCK
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eanOBHIIROB, rrOl];06UbTX 1lI3JI JOIlIO, a TaI\/RO cpcp;n cJIyr H
nOCeTMTOJIeM «cap;a lJmaHa». "lIm3H Cno-clOit paCCRa3bIBaJI,
t{TO TOHMa IOLIJI IOY;,AMICTOM, IIOCIH:JI JInHHYIO cnpeopnCTYIO
60pop;y, qTO Y Hero 6bIJIO p;06poe JIUlIO. OH OtIOHb JIIOOUJI
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265

B TOM, tJTO qJI\3I1 CHO-CIOH: MOr BrrOCJlCCTBHII yGOHTbCH
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10M II q3Hb Eao-lli3Hb nplIepmnBaJlJlCb Tpex pa3J1MtIHbIX
TOtJeK 3peuIIH. JIo QiK3Hb-IOM CtIMTaJl, tITO caMbIMH Ha,n;e1iI\-
HLIMM HBJIHIOTCH ooern;aHIIH npeCTaBI1TeJleII HHOHCKoro lliTa5a
II OOrn;CCTBa tJepHoro Jl.paKOHa (011 OnCpHJl CCMeHoHY IIMeH-
HO nOToMY, tITO TOT 6bIJI CnH33II C 3THM 06rn;eCTBOM). Q3Hb
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npeCTaBJlHIOIlerO HnOHCKOe rrpaBIITCJlbCTBO, pyrJIM HrrOH-
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'tIaJle OH TOme HCOBeptIIIBO OTIIOCIIJICH 1\ lliTaoy II 06eCTBY
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06eCTIBa tIepHOrO 'ApaT\ona. On rrOIIHJI, 1\aKYIO pOJIb no BceM
3TOM II'rpaeT TOKIIO, 'rrOHHJI HaCTOHrn;ne HaMepeHMH H'110IICRHX
BJIaCTCJI, nOHHJI, HaKOlIc:q, tJTO JTO IIMCHIIO Ta ClIJIa, Ha 1\OTO-
PYIO MomHO orrepeTbCH. IIOJTOMY OH peIllIIJI BpeleHHO OTJIO-
mIITb CBOH rrJIan YCTaHOBJIeHMH 06e,[J;HHCIIHOii 3lJ;MII'HIICTpa-
I(IIII n RIITae II crreD;lIaJIbHO OTrrpaBHJICH B HrrOHIIIO, tITOObI
CBH3aTbCH C OOrn;eCTBOM tIepHOrO paKOHa II C HnOHCKIIM
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qm3H CHO-CIOH
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tIIIJI BeCTII HHOCTpaHHbIe eJIa. Ero 'CbIH qm3H qyi1: Tome
CJIymHJI B OTeJIe no MHOCTpaHHbIM eJIaM II BMeCTe C OT:qOM
6LIJI MOIIM npeCTaBIITeJIeM no nHeIllHMM CHOlIIeIHMHM.
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rOBOpHJI OtIeHb CRJIaHO, npJIBOfl MIIO,KeCTBO D;IITaT II npH-
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266

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3HTY3Ha3Ma H 3HeprIIH H B TO me BpeMH CJIbIJI tIYBCTBHTeJIb-
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MoeH 6y)];ym;eM « IIMrrepUII».
TeppHTopHH H HaCeJleI-IHe HMrrepHH HaMHoro YBCJIH-
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raH B HaHRMHe, a TpeTLH Ha IIaMHpe...
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pamaJI rrpOTH Mooro BbIe3,n;H B HrrOHlI1O II rrepee3,n;a B JIIOH-
IIIYHb H ,[(aJIHHL.
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yrrpanJleIIUe BeJIUKHX )];epmaB.
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267

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268

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269

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270

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294

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 u
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rrpe6LIBaHHH 'B HnOH,HH IC CYA3YKH, ,MHHaMH II JIHaMH H3
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tITO 'eCTb JlIOAH, KOTopbIe MorYT OKa3aTbCH MOHMH oonepHH-
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RHO. ,MeHH He TOJILKO He nyraJlH 3TH BH03anHble nepeMeHbI,
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meJIKe HarrHCaJl 3THM BYM 'BamHbIM JfHaM nHCLMa.
B 1946 ro.n;y B TOKHO 'DO BpeMH 3aceAaHIIH Mem,n;YHa-
po,n;.Horo BoeHH.oro TpH6YHaJIa MHHaM,H rrpe)J;'bHBHJI 31'.0 nHCb-
MO B IaqeCTBO Bee'CTBeHHoro AOKa3aTeJlbCT,Ba ,D;JIH OBoeH
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MeHH 6YAYT ICYHTb, H He rrpH3HaJICH, qTO 3T,1f rrH'CLMa Ha-
nHcaHbI MHOIO. OpHrHHaJIbI IIHceM, 'K COnaJIeHHIO, He .coxpa-
HHJIHCL, n03TOMY rrpHBomy HX ,C TeKCTa, ony6JIHK I OBaHHoro
B HllOHCKOH KHHre:
205

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pecrry6JIIIKaHCKOe npaBHTeJlbCTBO lIe nplIHHJlO HaJlemam;HX
Mep, 06HeJIO ,n;PY)IeCTBeHHoe HaM 'coceAHee rocyapcTBO H
TeM caMbIM IIaHeCJIO orpOMHbIH npe,n; ,HapO):QT. JI OqeHb yl1t-
PyqeH 6eCBHHMH, KOTopbIe TeprrHT Ham Hapo. Ceiiqac
MbI HarrpaBJIHeM Hamero yqlfTeJIH TOHMa B JIrroHHIO, 'C TeM
qT06bI OB HaHec BJI3'HT MHHHCTPy cyxorrYTHbIx 'BOHCK reHe-
paJIY apMHH M'HHaMH H Irrepe,n;aJI eMY Hamn HaMepeHHH. MbI
He MomeM crrOKOMHO 1B3Hpa'Tb Ha 6e,n;CTBHH Hame,ro HapO,r(a
II OT,r(a Tb nJIaCTb In PYKH xaHbIJ;eB. 06craHOBKa c KamJ];bIM
HeM YXY,r(maeTCH, ITO He 'COOTBeTcTByeT }I\eJIaHIIHM Hamero
HMrrepaTopCKoro OMa. MbI ,ceiiqac ,cTlpeMHMcH YKpeIIHTb Bo-
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COI03a Mem,n;y RHTaeM '11 JIrroH,HeH. ECJIH He rrpeO,r(OJIeTb Bce
rrperpabI, 'CTOHm;He Ha ,nameM nYTH, rrOBCIO,n;y 6yeT IJ;apIITb
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HamHM He 6Y,r(eT KOHa».
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,BaJI. Qo.pe3 TPH HeAeJII1 nOCJIe Toro, KaK TOHMa yexaJI C
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CIOH TaK HaIIHCaJI B CBoeM nenHnKe:
«2 HOH6pH B THHbIJ;3HHe 'BO ,BpeMH aYJJ:HeHIJ;H'H HMrrepa-
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11 rOBopHT, tITO <1>aHTHHb 11 fHpHH 'C HeTeprreHl'IeM 'iRAYT npH-
e3,r(a HMrrepa Topa. ECH,n;a rrpI1XO,IJ;HJI 'C 1f3BeCTlIeM, 'l{TO AOH-
xapa npHeXaJI B THHbIJ;3HHb, TaHHO 'conem;aJICH co illTa60M
II 'C'I{HTa'eT, 'ITO MHO lIao 6bIC'Tpee ye3maTb». .H OT,neTIIJI HM-
ne,paTOpy: «AO'Hxapa HBJIHeTCH ,OOBeTHHKOM KOH3e H Bam-
HbIM JIHIJ;OM KBaHTYHlcKOH apMHH; eCJfH OH npHeXaJI BCTpe-
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,n;eHb :HMnepaTOp C006m;HJI 060 IBceM KOH'CYJIbCTBY. HOqbIO Y
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Horo TpHoYHaJIa AOHxapa paHbme 6bIJI rrOJIKOBHHKOM neXOT-
HbIX BOllCK HIIOHCKOH apMHH. 3aTeM, B arrpeJIe 1941 roa, OH
nOJIyqHJI 3BaHHe reHepaJia. ,[(0 'COObITHii 18 ce1lTH6,pH OKOJIO
18 JIeT npomlIJI B ,KHTae. B BoeHHOM MHHHCTepCTBe ero C1IH-
296

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pa3RIITHO arpeCCHBHoii BOHHbl IIpOTIIB KHTaH II MaHIJ"tJmy-
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cyapcT,Ba MaHIJ"lImoy- fo, HaX'OHerOCH IIIO,n; KOHTpOJIeM
.ffrroHHII. B TO BpeMH, KorAa rpyrrIIII,poBKa IBoeHIIoro BeAoM-
CT,Ba .ffrroHIfIl pa3paoa'TblBaJIa arpeCCHBHYIO IIOJIHTHKY, Ha-
rrpaBJIeHHYIO Ha aHHeKCIIIO APyrHx paMOHOB RHTaH, OH Hr-
'Pan BamHYIO pOJIb B YCRopeHHII pa3BHTIIIH 3THX 'COObITHH, HJC-
rrOJIL3yn: IIPH aTOM IIOJIIITHtJeCKHe 3arOBopLI, yrp03Y 0PYiKH-
eM JI II,pHMeHHH iBoopymeHHYIO C'HJIY.
,I(oHxalpa JIOMepiRHBaJI TeCHLIH KOHTaKT 'C pyrHMII py-
KOBO,IJ:HTeJIHMII BoeHHoro BeOM'CTBa, rrJIaHIIpOBa'BmHMH, rro-
rOTaBJIHBaBIDHMH 'II OCYlQeCTBJIHBIDJIMH HIIOHCKoe rocrrOACT-
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flocJIe Toro KaK OOJIbme yme He TpeO'OBaJIJICb ero crre-
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'HM n RHTae, OH B 3BaHJIH reHepa.rra IIOHBHcWCH Ha CQeHe JIH
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MbIIDJIHJI. OH He TOJIb'KO Y1J.aCTBO.BaJI B rrpOBe,I(eHHH arpeCCIIB-
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BOHHLI rrpOTHB CCCP H ,I(pyrHx 'CTpaH, TO eCTb .B pa3BH3LI-
BaHHH ar.peCCHH IIpOT'KB Bcex CTpaH, C K'OTOp:bIMH .ffrroHHH
BOeBaJIa B rreplIof( 1941- ' 1945 rO',I(OB, HCKJIIOtJaH <DpaHQIIIO».
(1I3 «IIplIroBopa MemYHapoHoro BoeHHOO TpHoYHaJia J(JIH
,I(aJIhHerO BOCTOKa».)
1I3 J(Ba,I(Qa rn IIHTH ,BoeHHLlX IIpeCTYIIHHKOB, ocym.n;eHHhIX
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CTOKa, ,I{oHxapa H IITaraKH COBepIIDIJIII HanOOJI:bIDee KOJIH-
qeCBO rrpecTyrrJIeHIIM. rJIa'BHLIM ICpe,I(H HIIX 6LIJI,O rrpecTyrr-
JIeHlIe rrpOTHB 1JeJIO'Be'tJHOCTH. Mem)!;YHapoJ(H:bIH J(aJIbHeBO-
'CTOtJHbIM IBOeHH:bIM TlplIoYHaJI 'BLIHec rrplIrOBOp 3TOM rpY1rrrre
BOeHH:bIX rrpecTyrrImKOB JI1iIIDb B HOHope 1948 rOf(a. ,I(o'Hxa-
pa, II TaraKH H elQe IIHTL IBoeHHLlX rrpecTyrrH'HKOB O:bIJIH rrp;JI-
rOBopeHLI K nOBeIDeHHIO.
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ROTOp:bIe CeJIaJIH KapLepy Ha arpeCCIIH rrpOTHB RHTaH.
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HyIO a'KaeMIIIO, OH 'CJIYiKlIJI B HrrOHCKOM rJIa'BHOM IDTaoe H
ObIJI KOMaHJ(RpOM 113-ro CTpeJIOBOrO rrOJIKa. Brre,pBI>Ie OR
npHeXaJI B ,KHTaii B 1913 roAY II CJIymlIJi B RnaHTYHcKOii
apMHH. CBLIme eCHTII JIeT OR O:bIJI a1>IOTaHTOM reHepa.rr-
JIeHTeHaHTa 'CaKaHHClI XaTJiIpO, C'OBeTHHKa IcenepO-BOCT01J-
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297

Y HerO c tJmaH J30-JfHHCM. B 1924 roy, 'Kora HatJaJIaCL
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H cJ>aHTHHLcKOH rpyrrIIllpoBOK, OH rrOJJ:CTpeKaJI RBaHTYHcKYIO
apMHIO nOM:oraTb tJj-I\an 1(i10-JrnHJO. ,O)];HaKO B 1928 rOJJ:Y,
KOr)];C1 R,BaHTYHcKaH apMHfI penrnJIa y6paTT) tJmaH l(aO-JIHHH,
,I(O'JIxalpa Tome InpJIIIlIMaJI YIJaCT'He B aarOBope. BCKope OB
6LIJI npoH3BeeH ]J paHr nOJIKOBH'IIKa H HaaHatJ,eH HatJaJIbHH-
ROM: 'pa3BeRH B maH:bHHe. C 3Toro MOMeHTa HatJHHaeT'CH
cnHCOK ,ero rrpecTyrrJIeIIJIM, OTMCqeHHLIX B npHrOBope. 0)];-
HaKO MHorHe ilI3 ero 1«xYOil\eCTIB» He ObIJIJiI Ha3BaHLI B IIPII-
rOBope. TalK, Harrpl1JMep, THHbi1IIHbCKJIe COObITlIfI B HOH6pe
1931 1'o)];a, .HaqaJIO 'BOHHbI B rrpOBHHD;IIH iKaxa B 1932 I'OY,
cp:JHTaHcKMe COOLIT'HH B Mac 1935 roa, C03JJ:aHHe MapHOHe-
TOtJHOM npoHnoHcKoH OpraHJIaan;IIJiI B BOCTOtJHOM Xao3e,
HOH6,pJ>CI\MM 6YHT 60CHKHX aJICMeHTOB IB CHHxa...- 'Bce 3TO
6LIJIO He,paapbIBHO CJBHaaHO C .n;eHTeJIbHOCTLIO oJlxapa.
MOiKHO CKaaaTL, 'tJTO nOBCIOJJ:Y, I'J];e OLIBaJI ,D:onxapa, OH HetC
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Ha CBOIO CTOPOHY, B JJ;aJIbHeMmeM BbICTYII'lIJI rrpOTIIB .H,IIOHHII.
O)];HaKO aTO He rrOBJrIIJI.iIO Ha ero JJ:aJIbHeHmee 'IIpOBHmeHHe
lIO CJIymoe. Ero HaaHaqlIJIII KOMaHlIpOM IIOJIKa II KOMaHJiI-
PO{ 6pilIrafJ;LI, a BCKope BHOBb IIepeBeJIII Ha JJ;OJIiRHOCTb Ha-
tJaJIblfHK3 paaBej];KH RBaHTYHcKOH apMHH. I10cJIe COOLITHH
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HOCTJI, CTalB 1\OMarnJ(HpOM ,f];JIBH3HH. M na'KoHeq, OR aaHHJI
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IIpelICIIOJIHeHHLIx TaHH'CTBeHHOCTH. RHTaMCKlI,e raaeTLI IUIca-
JIll, tJTO IOH IIpMBLIK HOCHTb KRTaHCKYIO oJJ:em)J;Y II CBOOOJJ:HO
rOnOpHJI na HeCKOJILKHX RHTaMCRHX ,IJjfIa,rreKTax. B TOT pa3,
BO BpeMH HOqHOM 'BCT,peQH CO ,MHOM, OH He OLIJI OJJ:eT IB KJiI-
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CKOPO IIOKp'OH, ,JiI ero KHTaHCKHH H3LIK Tome He KaaaJICH
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Be Hamero rrepeBOJJ:1ffiKa Eoo'JJ:a.
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Jill MemKII, rro HOCOM T.optJaJIH MaJIeHbKlIe YCII'KH, a C JIHqa
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298

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313

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TH, II BPyqHJI HX qm3H CHO-CIOIO If JIo qm3HL-IOIO, qTo6LI
ORB: nepeAaJlII HX MTaraKH. H BeJIeJI JIM pemHTeJILHO II qeTKO
06':bHCHHTL MOH HaMepeHIDl, HaJIOmeHHLIe B BeHaaTB
319

nYH'I\TaX (I10CJIeH1fe rqeTbIpe IIIYHl\Ta .u:OOaBHJI q3Hb Q33U.
may) :
«1. MbI He MOil\eM OTKa3aTbCH OT HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHOH HMIIe.-
paTopCKoii BJiaCTH H3 YBameHHH K nHTHTLICHlIeJIeTHHM MO-
paJILHLIM YCTOHM IBOCTOlIHOM A3HH.
2. IIo,n;,n;epIKHBaH BLICOKYIO HpaBCTBeHHOCTL, npemAe Bce-
ro He06xoAH'MO nO,t(YMaTL 06 OCHOBax B3aJiIMOOTHOIIIeHHH Mem-
l1,Y JIIOl1,LMH, a ,t(JIH 3Toro He0'6xol1,HMa HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHaH HMne.
paTopCKaH BJIaCTb.
3. IIpH ynpaBJIeHHH rocy,n;apCTBOM He06xo,n;HMO, tITOOId
HapOl1, 6LIJI nOJIOH BepLI 11 yBameHHH, a J(JIH aToro He06xoH-
Ma HaCJIeACTBeHHaH IIMIIepaTopCKaH BJiaCTL.
4. KIITaH H .fIrroHHH HBJIHIOTCH l1,pymecTBeHHbIMH 6paT-
CKHMH AepmaBaMH. ECJIH MLI XOTHM mHTb B MHpe H lJ,06I1TL-
CH o6m;eii CJIaBLI, TO ,t(OJImHLI YBama Tb npOlIHO OJIOiKHBmHeCH
HpaBCTBeHHLIe YCTOII, C TeM lIT06LI HapO,t(LI HamHX CTpaH BOC-
nHTLIBaJIHCL B xe paBHOIIpaBHH, a l1,JIH aToro Heo6xOAHMa
naCJIel1,CTBeHHaH 1IMrrepa TopCKaH BJIaCTL.
5. KIITaii yme 60JIee 20 JIeT TepIIHT Bpel1" npHlIHHHeMLIH
eMY lJ,eMOKpa THlIeCI\OH CIICTeMOH npaBJIeHHH. 3a HCKJII01Ie-
HHeM HHlIT01RHOH KYlIKH 3rOIfCTOB, orpOMHoe OOJILmHHCmo
HapOlJ,a neHaBHlJ,HT pecrry6JIIIKY II nOJIHO JII06BH K HameH lJ,H-
HaCTIm, n03ToMy H.e0'6XOHMa Ha'CJI8J(CT!BeHHaH HMrrepaTOp-
caH BJIa'CTL.
6. MaHLlImYPLI H MOHrOJIId H3l1,aBHa npHBLIKJIH coxpaHHTL
CBOH 06LPIa:u, 11, lITo6LI lJ,06HTLCH HX lJ,OBepHH II YBameHHH,
He06xoAHMa HaCJIe1(CTBeHHaH IIMnepaTopCKaH BJIaCTb.
7. Pecny6JIHKaHCKaH CHCTeMa C Kam,n;bIM ,D;HeM npHXOlJ,HT
Bce B 60JILmHH yrraAoK, I 3TOMY HYiRHO ,IJ;06aBHTL pacTym;yIO
C Kam1(LIM ,IJ;HeM 6e3pa6oTIIIQT - Bce 3TO rrpHlIHHHeT H.nOHcKoi"I
HMnepHH orpOMHLIe TpeBorH; eCJIII KIITaH lJ,06LeTCH IBOCCTa-
HOBJIeHHH HMnepaTopcKoH CIICTe1\1bI npaBJIeHIIH, TO aTO 6Y1(eT
orpOMHbIM 6JIarOAeHHHeM AJIH namHX HapOAOB KaR B YMCT-
BeHHOM, TaR H n MOpaJILHOM OTHomeHHHX, a ,t(JIH 3Toro He-
06xo,n;IIMa HaCJIOACTBeHHaH HMrrepaTopCKaH BJIaCTL.
8. IBeJIHKaH MHaCTHH QHH oym;eCT1BOnaJia B KHTae 00-
JIee 200 JIeT, AO aToro OHa 60JIee 100 JIeT npaBHJIa B MaHblI-
iKypHH; n eJIHX coxpaHeHHH 06LIlIaeB Hap01(a, ycnoKoeHHH
JIIOlJ,CKHX cepAen;, YMHpOTBopeHHH Hamen 3eMJIH, coxpaHeHHH
)UTxa IKHTeJIeii IBocToKa, BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH HMnepaTopcKoH
BJiaCTH, YRpeIIJIeHHH HMIIepaTopCKHX Tpa):\HHH KaK Barneii,
TaR H HameH CTpaHId HeOOXO):\HMa HaCJIel1,CTBeHHaH HMnepa-
TopCKaH BJIaCTL.
320

9. PacQBeT Barnell CTpaHbl rrpnXOAHTCH na n;apcrBoBaIllle
UMIIepaTopa MJHA3M. Ero HaCraBJIeHHH II YI\a3bI, oopam;eu-
Hble I HapOAY, HanpaBJIeHLI Ha B'OCnHTaHHO Y lIapoa HpaB-
CTBeHHOCTH II npeAaHHOCTH. MMrrepaTop M3H,D;3H CTOHJI 3a TO,
qTOObI B HaYI\e HcnOJIb30BaJIHCb OCTH}HeHHH Enponbl H AMe-
pHKH, a B KalIeCTBe peaJIbHblX YCToeB 6paJI 3a 06pa J 3en; ROH-
<PYHH H M'3H3bl; OH cOXpaHHJI \l\Yx J];,peBHeHmHX npeMeH,
apHBmHii Ha BocToKe, tITOObl H36emaTb TJIeTBOpHoro BJIIIH-
HHH eBponeHCKHx nopoKOB; n03ToMY OH AO'OHJICH Toro, 1ITO
BeCL Hapo,n; nOJII06HJI n CTaJI YBamaTb CBnHX HaCTaBHHKOB M
cTapmHx, KOTOpblX OHH oxpaHHIOT Ka'K 3eHHQY OKHa. Bce 3TO
3aCJIymMBaeT orpOMHoro YBameHHH. qToObl CJIeAOBaTb no ny-
TII HMnepaTopa M3HA3H, He06xoAMMa HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHaH HMTIe-
paTopCKaH BJIaCTL.
10. Bce MOHrOJIbCKHe KHH3bH HaCJIeYIOT CTapble THTYJIbI.
IIpH BBe,n;eHHH me pecny6JIHKaHCKoH CHCTeMbl HX THTYJIJ>I
npH,n;eTCH OTMeHHTb, tITO BLf30BeT cpe,n;H HHX 6pomeHHe, H He
OYAeT HHKaKOH B03MomHOCTH ynpa'BJIHTb HMM. II03TOMY HeJIb-
3H OOOHTHCL 6e3 HaCJIeACTiBeHHOH HMnepaTopCKOH BJIaCTH.
11. IBame rOCYAapCTBO OKa3blBaeT no,n;epmKy H nOMOn.t;b
TpeM CeBepo- BOCTotIHblM npOBHHQHHM, OHO 3a60THTCH 0
CtIaCTbe TpHAQaTHMHJIJIMOHHOro Hapoa, tITO 3aCJIymHBaeT
OJiarOAapHOCTH H YBameHHH. Mbl XOTlIM JIHmb, tIT06bl IBame
BHHMaHHe pacnpOCTpaHHJIOCb He TOJIbKO Ha HaCeJIeHHe Tpex
CeBepo-BocTotJHblX npoBHHHH; HarnHl\1 HCKpeHHMM meJIa.
HHeM HBJIHeTCH, 1IT06bl BLI MCIIOJIb30BaJiH CeBepo- BOCT01lHble
IIpOBHHHH Ka'K OCHOBY K 3aBoeBaHHIO cepe Hapoa BceM
HameH CTpaHbl H TeM caMLIM crraceHIIlO ero OT 6e,n;cTBHH H JIM-
meHHH. q TO me KacaeTCH oo:m;eH CYb'6bl, 06:m;ero paCBeTa
BOCT01lHOH A3HH, TO C 3THM nOJIHOCTblO CBH3aHbI HHTepeCbl
,D;eBflHOCTOMHJIJIHOHHOro Hapo,n;a BameM IIMIIepHII. Y Hac He
MomeT 6blTL pa3JIlPIHH H B <POp Max npaBJIeHHH. IB eJIHX pa3-
BHTHH 06eHX CTpaH He06xoHMa HaCJIeCTBeHHaH HMrrepaTOp-
CKaH BJIaCTb.
12. IIocJIe C06LITHH rOJ(a CHHI>XaH, KOJ'a H ryaJIHJICH OT
BJIaCTH H CTaJi mHTb cpeH Hapo,n;a, npornJIO yme ,n;Ba,n;aTb
J1eT. .fI eOBepmeHHO He AYMaIO 0 JIHlIHOM n01leTe H YBameHHM,
Bee MOH IIOMblCJIbI HarrpaBJIeHbl Ha cnaceHHe Ha poa. ECJIH
IIOHBHTCH KTO-TO, KTO B03bMeT Ha ce6H 3TY MHCCHIO H cnpa-
Be,n;JInBbIM nYTeM H3MeHHT Harny HeC1IaCTHYIO cy,n;b6y, H, KaK
rrpocTOH tIeJIOBeK, BJ>lpa}KaIO Ha 3TO CBoe nOJIHOe meJIaHHe H
eOfJIaeMe. ECJIH il\e MHe caMoMY IIpn,n;eTcH B3HTbCJI 3a oCY-
eeTBJIeHHe 3TOM MHCCIIH, TO yme HeB03MOil\HO oy,n;eT BOC-
11 Uy U
321

nOJIIIJITl> ypOJI, na nCCCJlIIJ)Tii na"n;a TIJ,rrCTIITIM pCCrrYOJlIfI\an-
CInf rrpaB.nCJIIJCJ. EC:11I 11 HC HO:JY1JY 3aI\OlIIIoro 3llaIIlIH III-
lIopaTopa, TO q,al\Tll'QeC'HU ne C}10ry nOJIb30BaTbCH npanOM
paCUTopHmaThCH .TfIOAbMJI II IJlO:)TOfY HC3aBJ1CIfMOC roc'YAapCT-
130 lIO 6y leT COJ;aHO. 0).1.'1111 THTY,I Ot\J peaJlhllOM BHleTlI BbI-
30BeT JIIIIJ1b )IHOn"eCTBO 3a TPYIIOHIIii, He OI\ameT IIIJ'H3I\oii
JTOMO,M napo;J;'Y II JIHIIJ1J> yneJIJPIIIT ero CTpaaHIIH, 1.ITO CO-
nepmOIIIIO paCXOlIJTCH C MOI1MJI IJ3MCpClJIJHMIJ. Tor;a M()H
'13l1l1a orn;c (>oJIeo YCYDYOUTCH, C "tJe)f H HII n HOe)! CJIYLJ:ao HO
Mory CJO!fJHlCHThCH. Ba;IaTh .HOT, B TC1.IClII1C 'HOTOpLIX H HC
lnaXOIIJI'CH ,y ,BJIaCTII, [llpepBaJIII :MOIf CBH3M C 06eeTBO)I, II
eCJlM B OIIn rrpeI{paCHl>Iii }J;eIIh .n CHona Ha"tJny 'yrrpanJIHTb
u 
crpaHOII H HapOf];O)[, TO lle)I ObI H IHI CTaJI - rrpe3II,I);eHTOM HJlJI
I1rrepaTOpO)I,- H OYAY ICJIII'I\OM II TIOJInOCTbIO 'YAOBJIeTBopen.
Bee MOIl naMe.peHIIH HarrpaBJIOHbI JIII.IJ1b Ha 6JIa ' ro lIIa'pO;I;a, IIa
IOJIalrO CTpaIIbJ, Ha OTJaro HalIIIIX ooeH,X AepmaB, Ha /OJIaro 00-
m;e,ro nOJIOmeHHH B BOCTOtIHOii A3IIH. B 3TOM HOT IIIII\aJ\HX
3fOHCTIPICCiJ\HX, II\OpLICTHl>IX lIIITepeCOB, 'no3ToMry IIe05xoII:\1a
IIaCJIeCTBe,HHaH HMlIIepaTOpCHaH BJIaCT:b».
"lIiR3II CHO-CIOfr rrOIIHMaJI, "tJTO rroe3Ha B llISHl>HH IIa co-
Beru;aHI1e c II TaraI\H CblrpaCT OOJIbIlIYro pO.nb B ero CYb{)C,
II60 rrepe TCM, Ra'K RBaHTyncRaH apIMH "tJepe3 AJJ;MHHHcTpa-
THBHbIfI COBeT Cenepo- BOCTOHa pemIlT Borrpoc 0 rOCYf];apCT-
BeHHOM CTpoe, .n;OJImno ObIJrO COCTOHTbCH Ha3IIaQCHMe Ha Bam-
lIeiimMe rOCYAapCTBOIIHbIe OJImIIOCTJI. rrOJTOIY rrepe;J; OT1>e;J-
QiM qiI\SH CHO-Croll Bl>IpamaJI MIle CBoe rrOJIHOe rrOtJIIHCIInc,
CTpeMHCl> He B030YIITl> Y MelIH HO;:J;03peIIIIH. I\OrAa me, OC-
TIIrHYB cBoeii eJIII, OH BepnYJICH II3 IIl;)I1LflIIa, rrOBCJ];cn110
ero H:3MeIIMJIOCl>. OH yoomf];aJI ICIIH lIe BCTyrraTh B crropbI C
RBaHTYHCI\OM apMMeii, rrpHHHTb pccrry6JIMHaIIcI\YIO CMCTOMY II
B3HTl> na coon 06JI3aHHOCTII 13epXOBHoro rrpaBHTeJIH.
- RaRoro npaBMTCJIH? ELITJ> rrpanl1TC.TreI pecrrYOJrn-
Kif? - HOCRJIIIRHYJI fl.
- 8TO YiI\e pCIITono. .fI I1COJHOI\pa THO CTTOpJIJI C nOCnIlJ)I-
MH, no Oe3pe:lYJIl>TaTIJO. BOCHIILIO CtIMT3IOT, "(ITO npaBIITOJIJ) -
3TO M CCTI) rJJ3Ba...
JJ rrOBepnYJICH R JIo lIn;HIL-IOIO IT CrrpoeHJT, B 110M ;C"ryo.
JIo qjJ:1IIL-roiI OTnOTI1JI:
- H TOJIbRO OJ];IIH pa3 nCTpCTIIJTCH C H Tar3I\IL 060 nCC:\f
orOBapMBaJICH C IIH)I l-I(I\JH f:no-crorI.
B AaJlbHeHIJ1eM OT q3Hb U;33H-ITIOy H Y:lIIaJI, tITO lJ}J\3I1
CHo-croii a}Re He rrcpoaJI H TaraIH COCTaBJIeIIHbIe MHOM f];Be-
Hau;aTb rrYHRTOB 0 HaCJIeCTBCIIITOii HInop3TOpCHOr[ BJIaCTII.
;j22

11 I TOMY i-HC ce aaUepHJl pro: «I1MllepaTopa H Gcpy I1a ee-
Ofl. MMIIcpaTOp RaR JIIICT 6cJIoi 6Yfarlf. Ballin BOCllIILIC MO-
rYT Ha 3TOM JIMCTe pHCOBaTb Bce, tITO aaXOTRT». IB TO npCMR
n lIe 3HaJI 3Toro II YIaJI, tITO OHII He Y1eIOT BCCTII eJIa II
RIIOIILI 06MaHbIBaIOT IIX.
- BbI Bce HlI Ha "lITO ne rOlI1TCCb! - :1aI\pnqaJI fl. - ITo-
tIel\IY BbI He CRa ' 3aJITI, QTO fl CIH13Y ncpnYCb B 1"flnT>TJIIIb, CC-
JIll OHM He YOBJIeTBOpflT Mon Tpe50naIJIIR?
- IIycTb nallIO nCJIUtICCTBO JTy 1 IIIJO CIIC nOCHOJTT>I\O paa
06YMaOT nce RaH CJIeyeT, - CI\a3aJI IT i-I\;) II CHO-CIOji. - 11 pn
pocTaBpaMTI 06J13aTCJIbHO 1l0TpcoyrTc H rrOIOllT} HllOHICB. Jc
JIU Mei:RY HaMIl cciitIac npoIlaoiilcT paaJTaJ];, TO nOTOM BOBce
He Ha Roro 6yeT Ha;rJ;eRTbCfl. A B 6Y,1ym;cM ocym;CCTBJIOIIUe
pecTaBpaIIlI COBceM lIe 6e30nacIIo.
PaccI\a3an em;e HeCROJIbHO 3TITI:30p;On Jf3 IICTOpUlI II yocJI\-
p;an MeIIR COI'JIaCHTbCJI, q JR:1H CRo-crolf naHOIIt' CRa;1aJI:
- ITOCJIO 06ea H TaraI\H IIpIlCT na aY,rJ,II{\lIMIO. Tora,
BallIe nCJTIPICCTno, rron\aJIyiicTa, lTOrOBOpIITC C H TaraHU caMlI!
BCTPEqA C HTArAKII
B 1929 rop;y M TaraHn ObTJI nepCBClJ,CII B l\BaIITynCI\YIo ap-
MMIO Ha P;OJIII\IIOCTb COBCTIIMRa. IT 0 Ma TCpMaJIaM Meil\p;yna-
pOHoro BOClIIIoro Tpn6ynaJIa J];Jlfl ,[(a:lhHcro IBocToRa, on ymc
B 1930 roy, B Mae, 3aHBJIRJT, tITO IIl\fCCT «HCHYIO II OIIpe-
CJIenHYIO JJOIO», RaI\ pcnTTITI) laTThtTiI\yprl\Hii Bonpoc. H Ta-
raRM CtIlITaJI, tITO pellIIITb BOIIpOC )JCJI\,a,y .fIrroIlJIcii II l\IITaCM
IIe06xoHMO C rrOl\1:011bIO BOeITIIOii cn,TIbT. ITo I\paiincii MC pc
3a rop; P;O C06bITlIM 18 CeHTJIOpR Oll YFHe naCTannaJI na TOM,
'tJ:T06bI lfI,porHa Tb q1man CIOJ-JTJlIIa If r03a Tb Ha CC'Bcpo-,Boc-
TOKe HOBoe rocyapCTno. B npIIrOBope BOOIIIIoro Tpu6YHaJTa
3aIIMcano: « Ha'tIMHaH C 1 n31 ro;(a, 6YlIY1JII ITOJII\OBIIIIROM B
illTa6e KBaHTYHcHOM apllnr, on IJcnOcpJ];CTncnIIO YtIaCTBOnaJI
H 3aronopc, ROTOpLIM CTann.Tf CBOC11 ncnOCpCTI;CTnCIIHoii 3aa-
tlen 3aXBaT MaIIb'tIi-RYPIIII C I1010IIJ>1O nocITIJoii: CHJIIJI. On
npOBOp;MJI rrpoBoRan;noHIIYIO J(eHTC.7JbIIOCTb, na rrpa BJreIIuYIo na
ocyneCTBJIeHHC 3TOii I(\JTTT. H Ta ra 1\11 HOIOraJI naii:TII rrpc t 1-
JIor, Bbf3BaBlIIMM TaR Ha3LTBaClble « MaIIb"lIil\ypCHne COOLITTlH»,
rrOJJ;aBJIflJI BC flI\I1C nOI1I>ITT\TT I101 cnJ a TI) BO{\TTTII>TI ;J;errCTBllJl:\1.
OH OAo6p.HJI 3TH BOeHIIhl{\ ;J:eiicTBI1R II PYJ\OBOf1;Jf.a IIMII. H Ha-
I\OHCJ, 11 TaraHII nrpa.rr lH1/1IJYIO pOJTI> B pa;JBepTLIBaHHII nTl-
iI\eHHJI 3a TaR na3LIBa(n1YIO «IlC;Jannc lTfOrTb MaHI>'tI,I\ypUII»
11*
:2

U B aarOBOpe, HMCnmOM JeJJhl() ('()JaH"e MC1(H10HeTOfJIJOrO 1'0-
ca pCTBa MaHI,'qlmory- r 0».
B 1934 rop;y OH 3aHHJI AOJIJRnOCTh 3aMeCTHTeJIH HaqaJIb-
IIHKa IDTa,6a RBaHTYHcKOM apMHII. IB 1937 rop;y, nOCJIe COObI-
T,Hii 7. H1OJIH, 11Ta'raIK CTaJI ROMaHYIORM HBH3HeH,
B 1938 ro,n;y - MHHHCTpOM CYXlQnYTHbIX BOMCK, a B 1939 ro-
l1,y ero Ha3H.atI1fJIII HatIaJII,HHKOM ITITaOa nOCJJaHHOii B RHTaM
alp'MHH. IIoToM OH 6bIJI ROMaHI.AyroHM B Ropee, KOMaHJJYIO-
IIM BoiicKaMII B CHHrarrype. OH HrpaJI BaJRHYIO pOJII, B YCTa-
HOBJIeHlI1I MaplIOHeTOtIHOrO rrpaBJIeHHH Ha CCBepe RIITaH II
BO BHYTpeHHeii MOHrOJIHH, B HacTyrrJIeH1I1I Ha BHYTpeHHue
paiiOHI,I }\IITaH, B YCTaHOBJIeHHII MapHOHeTO'tJHoro pemIfMa
IBaH Q3HH-B3H, B Hanap;eHHH HnOHHH Ha CCCP Y 03epa Xa-
caH H B l1,PyrHx BaJRHeiimlIX COObITIIHX.
23 'cPe'BpaJIH 1932 roa, BO BTOpoii iIIOJIOBHHe J\HH, ry Me..
HH ,COCTOHJIOCb CBHJ{aHHe C 11 Ta'rafKH. B Ra'tJeCTBe nepeBOtIlfKa
rrrpH'CYTCTBOBaJI HaKa3RMa-parOMaH }\IBaHTYtHC'KOii apMIIH.
JI TaraRH 6bIJI HCOOJII,mOrO pOCTa, JII,IC:bIii; Ha ero O CH-
HeBLI BbI6pHTOM JIIIe ocooeHHO BLIp;eJIHJIHCb tJepHbIe YC:bI H
6pOBH. CpeH Bcex HrrOHCRIIX o<pHepOB, KOTOpbIX H BCTpe-
qaJI, 11TaraKH BbIrJIH,n;eJI caMDIM nop;THHYT:bIM H a'KKypaTHDIM.
BeJIOCHemHI,Ie MaHmeTbI pyoamRII CJIerrHJIII rJIa3a, CKJIaJ];KH
Ha 6pIOKax 6bIJIH Hl1,eaJIbHO 3arJIaJReHI,I. Bce 3TO, B TOM 'tJHCJIe
ero npHBbItIKa TIIXOH:bKO nOTHpaTb PYRII, C03,n;aJIO Y MeHH 0
HeM BIIe'tJaTJIeHHe KaK 0 -qeJIOBeKe H3HDJ;HOM, c xopomlIMH
MaHepaMII. IIpem,n;e 'Bcaro MTa,ra'KH nOOJIaTo.n:alpHJI 3a [Ioap-
RII, a 3aTeM rrOHCHMJI, 'tJTO no IIplIKa3Y KOMaHP;YIOlQerO RBaH-
1WHCROii apM1Heii XOH.IIJ3e OH I1pIl9XaJI 11\0 MHe C OKJIal1,OM no
Bonpocy 0 C03,n;aHHH HOBoro rOCYfJ:apCTBa B MaHI,tJmYPHII.
OH HeTOpOIIJIRBO HatIaJI C Toro, tITO «Hapo,u; B MaHI,'tJmy-
P'HII He nOMe'p'iKH'BaeT mecTKHii pemHM 'tJmaH CIOJ-JIHHa,
HIIOHCKHe npaBa II npHBlIJIerHH He HMeIOT HHKaKUX rapaH-
THH», H 3aTeM AOJIrO pa3rJIarOJIbCTBOBaJI 0 «CrrpaBep;JIHBOCTH»
,n;eiicTBHH HIIOHCKOii apMHII, «IICKpeHHe nOMOraIOIQeii MaHI,t{-
mypaM YCTaHoBHTb p;oopOp;eTeJII,HOe rrpaBJIeHHe II c03p;a Tb
paii». H cJIymaJI ero, Bce BpeMH I\HBaH rOJIoBoii, a B p;yme MO-
JIHJI, 'tJTo6:bI OH 6bICTpee rrepemeJI K BOIIPOCY, IIHTepeCOBaBme-
MY MeHH OOJIbme Bcero. HaKOHe OH 3arOBOpHJI 0 rJIaBHOM:
- 8TO HOBoe rocyp;apcTBO nOJIyqffT Ha3BaHIIe MaHL1Jmoy-
rOe CTOJIHa ero - ropo,n; tJan'tJyHb, KOTOpbIH C 3THX IIOp 6y-
l1,eT Ha3:bIBaTI,CH CHHb3HH - HOBan CTOJIHa. B COCTaB rocy-
l1,apCTBa BOHYT nHTb rJIaBHbIX Han;HOHaJIbHOCTeH: MaHb1Jmy-
pLI, MOBrOJILI, XaB:bLI, HIIOH:bI 1J KopeiLI. .fInoHLI, )KIlBY"
:i24

He B MaHb"flmYPHH B TeqeHHe MHOrHX AeCHTMJIeTHH, OTAaIOT
CHOH CHJIbI II CrrOCOOHOCTH; rr03TOMY HX IOplTl1qeCKOC H nOJIfI-
TlrqeCKOe nOJIOmeHHe, eCTeCTBeHHO, p;OJImHO ObITb TaRoe me,
HaR II IAPYl'MX Han;HOHaJIbHOCTeM. HarrpHMep,OH'f{ MorYT, R,aR
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ony6JIHKOBaHHoii B iRypnaJIe «MeiI\ltYHapoAHLle COObITJHI» B J];eI\a6pe
1935 rO,lJ.3 (Q. W rig h t, Ame1'1ican View of the Far Eatern Prob-
tern. «International Affa1irs», 1935 Dees).
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'Imoy-ro, II TpeTHM 6bIJI TaHHo H3rOTOBJIeH ,n;JIH l\feHH B QeH-
TpaJIbHOM RJITae H COCTOHJI H3 n;UHCKIIX op,n;eHoB, KOTopbIe,
KOHelIHO, HeJIb3H 6bIJIO JIOCIITL IIPH HnoHax. I1x MOiRHO
6bIJIO rrpJIypOqHTL TOJILKO K TaKoMY CJIYlIaIO.
IIo,n;'bexaJIa MamHHa, B KOTOpOM clI,n;eJI MOM oTe. .R CTOHJI
no cToHKe «CMIIPHO» II m,n;aJI, TIOKa OH BbIM,n;eT H3 MamIIHL!.
TorAa H TIO-BOeHHoMY oT,n;aJI eM'Y lIeCTb, a BaRb iKYH ony-
360

CTHJIaCL Ha HOJIeIlH. 3a TeM lhI BOlllJIII B rOCTJIHYro. B 3TO
BpeMH TaM Haxo,n;HJIHCL TOJIhKO CBOH JIro,n;H, rrO:JTOMY fl rrpHMO
B ,BoeHHOM cpopMe BCTaJI Ha IROJIeHH II OrrrOlfJI eM'Y 3eMHOM
nOKJIOH.
IBe1JepOM Toro me ,n;HH COCTOHJICH ceMeMHhIH 6aHReT, Ha
KOTOpOM no,n;aBaJIHCL eBporreMCKHe 6JIro,n;a H rOCTH 6hIJIH pac-
cameHLI, RaR Ha 3BaHOM ymHHe - no-eBporreMCKH. .fI H IBaHT>
mYH CH,n;eJIJI Ha pa3HhIX KOHD;ax CTOJIa, RaR rro,n;ooaeT X03He-
BaM. B Ha1JaJIe 6aHReTa, HaH TOJIhl\O H BOmeJI B 3aJI, 3aHrpaJI
rrpH,n;BopHhTH OpHCCTp. Bce 3TO H rro,n;rOTOBHJI 3apaHee. q TO
HMeHHO OH I1rpaJI, fl Terrepb yme He rroMHro: 3TO, COOCTBeHHO
rOBopH, He HMCJIO 3Ha 1JCJIMfl. Bo BCflHOM CJIY1Jae, H 6LIJI
CTpamHO ,n;OBOJIeH.
IIy I(3e ITO 3apaHee Ha'MeqeHHOMY MHOIO [lJIauy nOHHJI
OOKaJI C lllaMrranCHMM n rrpOB03rJIaCJIJI:
- ,ZJ;a 3,n;paBcTByeT ero BP,TIJPIeCTBO HMrrepaTOp! Ypa!
Ypa! Ypa!
Bce 1JJIeHhI Hameft ceMbII, B TOM 1JIICJIe II OTeD;, IIOBTOpJIJIH
3TO BCJIe)]; 33 IIy :Q3e. TOCT 3TOT 6YBaJIhHO rrhHHHJI tl\1IeHH
6e3 BHHa.
Ha CJIe,n;yroIIJ;HM ,n;eHh MIIHHCTp BHYTpeHHHX eJl Bao CH
CKa3a.rr MHe, 1JTO mTalO RnaHTYHCROii apMHH npHCJlaJl 1JeJlO-
BeRa, KOTOphIH OT HMeHM rrOCOJILCTBa 3aHBHJI rrpOTeCT B CBH3H
C TeM, 1JTO BO BpeMH BCTpe1JH Moero OTIa na BOR3aJIe rrpHCYT-
CTBOBa.rra BoopYiReHHaH oxpaHa, 'tJTO flBJIfleTCfl HapymeHJIeM
COrJIameHHH, no,n;rrMcaHHoro .fIrroHIIeH JI .QhIBmHMH BJlaCTHMH
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eM. IB COIrJIamelIlIlIl 'OhIJIO 'CRa ' 3aHO, "liTO IB OIIpeeeHHOH 30-
He - Ha 3eMJIHX, rrpHMhIIRaIOHX C ooeHX CTOIPOH R IOmHo-
MaHLI1J,mypC'ROH GReJIe'3HOM opOTe,- He MorYT HaXOI)];MTLCH
IIHhIe BoopymeHHhIe JIHI{a, RlpOMe 'HlIIOHOHHX. II II\OMaH.!l:O'Ba-
III1e RBaHTyncRoH ap.MHeii, BepHee, [JOCOJlbtCT'BO .fITIOHHH Tpe-
6yeT, tITOObI 'BITlpe)];l> rrro,n;O'OHLIe CJIytIaH He [lOBTOPHJIHCh.
TaRDe 3aHBJleHHe, HOHetIHO, ,n;OJIiKHO OhIJIO OTpe3BHTb
MeHH. Ho Ha 3TOT pa3 HIIOHD;hI n03aOOTHJlMCL 0 MoeM aBTO-
pUTCTe. BO-4JlepBhIX, 13TO IOhIJI He OTI:RphIThIH npOTeCT; BO-BTO-
pLIX, OHH 60JILme He BhICTaBJIHJlH HIIRaRMX Tpe60BaHHH nocJle
Toro, RaR H IIOCJlaJl K HHM 1JeJIOneRa C rapaHTHHMII H H3BH-
HeHHHMH. A caMoe rJlaBHOe - OHH YCTpOMJIH Maccy BCHRHX
TopmeCTB, ROTophIe MOrJIM y,n;OBJIeTBOpHTL Moe tIeCTOJlIOOHe,
H H CHOBa rrorpY3HJICH B CJIa,n;RMe Me1JTM.
MHe 6hIJIO ocooeHHo rrpUHTHO, ROr)];a npOH3BOAIIJlHCL
« HMrrepa TOpCRHO BH:1HThI» T{ « HMJIepa TOpCT\JIH OO'Le3A BJIa-
361

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6hIJI OIIH-Ba pa3a B ro BhIe3maTh 113 CTOJIJIIJ;hI, "IIT06LI CO-
BepmHTL TaR Ha3hIBaeMhIii «o6'Le3 HMlIepaTopcIIIX BJIaAe-
Hllii». B CIIHLIJ;3I1He (HOBOii CTo.rrHJe, KaR TelIepL Ha3LIBaJICH
qaHYHL) H eTMpe pa3a B ro yacTBOBaJI B YCTaHOBJIeH-
HhIX n;epeMoHIIHx: OJIH pa3 B IJ;epeMoHHII, IIpoBOAIIMOii y
rraMHTHHRa q1mYHJIIIH (<npeJ];aHHLIx 'ym» ), B "IIeCTL HIIOHCJ\HX
COJIAaT H ocPlIIJ;epOB, KOTopbIe IIOrHOJIJI B arpeccIIBHoii BoiiHe;
BTOpoii pa3 - B n;epeMoHIIII, npoBoAHBmeMcfl B xpa"Me :Q3HHh-
ro B "IIeCTL lIorll6IIIHx COJl,il;aT II ocPlln;epoB MaplloHeToHoii
MaHL"IImoyrocRoH apMIIII; TpeTHii pa3 - I\ora B mTa6e
RBaHTYHcROii apMIIII OTMeaJlCH AeHh pomAeHllfl HIIOHCRoro
IIMlIepaTopa. IIpa3AIIHR JTOT na3hIBaJlCn «THHLtIaH». II HaRO-
Hen;, tIeTBepTF.Iii pa3 - BO BpeMfl rOAOBoro co6paHIIH B Acco-
n;lIan;lI11 COAeiicTBIIH. q To6hI IIpeACTaBIITb cc6e 3TH Topme-
CTBeHHhIe n;epeMOHHH, olIlImy OJIY If3 IIUX - YtIaCTUe B
rOAOBOM co6paHIIH ACCOn;lIalIn rOAenCTBllfl. CHaaJIa pac-
cRamy 0 BLIe3Aax, TO eCTL 0 TaR Ha3hIBaeMOH npon;eAype «IIO-
pHARa CJleAOBaHHH MaIlIHH BO Bpel\1H Bhle3Aa ChIHa He6a».
OHa IIpOIlCXOAIIJla CJIeAYIOIIM 06pa30M: B03rJlaBJIHJIa rrpo-
n;eccllIO IIOJlHn;eiicRaH MaIIlHHa AJIH OC06hIX n;cJleii, Ha HeRO-
TOpOM paCCTOHHJilII OT Hee lllJIa OTIphIraH MamUHa RpacHoro
n;BeTa C MaJleHLRIIM <pJIamRoM, B ROTOpoii CHAeJI rJIaBHLI:H
IIHcIIeRTop 1I0JIlln;HH. TOJII>KO IIOTOM CJIeAOBaJIa MOH MaIIIHHa
npRo-RpacHoro n;BeTa B corrpOBOil\AeHHH ABYX MOTOn;JIKJIIICTOB
C RamAoH CTOpOHhI. 3aMLIRaJIO npoeccHIO MHOil\eCTBO Ma-
mHH, COlIpoBomAaBmllx MeHH, II JIlIn; Moeii JI II"11H Oil OXpaHbI.
8TO 6hIJI TaR Ha3hIBaeMbJll « MaJILIll MMrrepa TOpCRuii BLIe3A».
HaRaHYHe Moero BLIe3Aa II3 ABOpn;a iI\aHapMepIlH II "IIaH-
tIYHhCRaH nOJIlln;HH CHa"llaJIa IIOA i)TIIM npeJIOrOM npOIl3BO-
AIIJIa apeCThI «IIOA03PIITCJIhHLIX 3JIeMeHTOB II OpOJl;flr», Me-
maroIIJ;IIX IIMlIepaTopCKOMY OCMOTPY. Yme no OAHOMY 3TOMY
rrpll3HaRY Hace.rreHlle Y3HaBaJIO, TO n co6IIpaIOCL BLIe3iRa Th
II3 ABOpn;a. Ha BTOpoii AeHL B,IJ;OJIL AoporlI paCIIOJlaraJIaCb
IIOJIIIn;IIH II BO:HCRa. OHM .CTOflJIII CIIHHOii 1\ IIpon;eccnu C ABYX
CTOpOH YJIlln;hI II CJIeAIIJIJf, tITo6hI JIIOAII He XOAIIJIII no YJIIIn;e,
He BhIXOAIIJIII H3 ;J;OMOBII Mara3I1HOB, He CMOTpeJIH BORHa.
opory lIepe 3aHlleM ACCOn;lIan;IIH coeiiCTBllfl Hero ABOp
rrOCLIIIaJIII iHeJIThIM JIeCCOM. IIepeA MOIIM BhIe3AoM II3 ArBOpn;a
paAIIOCTaHn;HH Ha RIITaHCROM II HIIOHCROM H3LIRax nepeAa-
BaJIa IIO BceMY ropoAY: « Ero IIMlIepa TopCRoe BeJIIIeCTBO
BhIe3maeT 113 ABOpn;a». B dTO BpeMH CJIymaru;lIe ACCOn;Han;HH
coclicTBHn rrOI\HJ];aJIH CBOH l\feCTa II BhIXOAMJIII Ha YJIHn;y.
362

npeM:bep-MIIHMCTp co llCeMH ctHHoBHHKaMM neprBOrO paHra
BLICTpaUBaJIMCL Y BbIXOa AJIH BCTpe1JH MIlIepa TOpa. !{orAa
51 npOe3iHaJl, BCe CrM'OaJIMCL B HM3KOM rrOKJlOHe. OpKeCTp lIrpaJI
«roCYAapCTBeHHblR rMMH». H BXOAMJI B 3aJI, HeMHOrO OTLI-
XaJI, 3aTeM rrpHHHMaJi MI1HMCTpOB. PflAOM co MHOM C ABYX
CTOpOH CTOflJIM MHHIICTp BHYTpeHHIIX AeJI, BOeHHLIM aTTalIIe,
HalIaJILHHK OXpaHbI, epeMOHMHMeiicTep H PyrHe. nOTO1
ee OOaBHJlCJI JIM1JIIhIH CeKpeTapb IIMllepa TOpa ECMORa.
CTOJILI H CTYJlLH, CKa TepTH H BCe OCTaJIbHOe IIpMB03MJIOCL 3a-
paHee M3 BOpn:a, Ha BCeM CTOHJI OCOObIH HMIIepaTOpCRMM
repo B BH,I);e OpXMeH. IIpeMLep-MHHIICTp CO BCeMM lIHHOB-
HHKaMH BWCOKOrO panra 110 01JepeH OTaBaJlH MHe lIeCTL H
OTXOMJIH. IIocJIe 8TOH npOn:eypbI no rpOMKYIO MY3LIRY
fl BbIXOAIIJI 113 aaJIa JIH OTbIXa, BXf)AIIJI B aKTOBLIH 3aJI H
npOXOHJI npHMO Ha CeHY. B 8TO BpeMH Bce npHCYTCTBYIO-
ID;He B 3aJIe CKJIOHHJIMCb B HH3KOM IIOKJlOHe. KOMaHYIOIIii
!{BaHTYHCKOH apMHeii, CTO.H B yrJlY Cn:eHbI, I\JlaHHJICH MHe;
B OTBeT .fI KIIBaJI rOJlOBoM. IIOHflBlIIIICh Ha cn:eHY, H eJIaJl
nOKJlOH B CTOPOHY 3aJIa, H TOJIbI{O Tora nce BbIllpHMJI.HJIIICb.
3aTeM H lIHTaJi npellOAHeceHHbIM MMHMCTpOM BHYTpeHHHX f];e;I
«YKa3». IIpH 3TOM Bce HaXOflIIeC.H B 3aJIe AOJlmHLI ObIJIH
CTOHTL OIlYCTHB rOJIOBY, He nOHIIMafl rJla3. 3alIIITaB YKa3,
.fI BbIXO,IJ;HJI II3 3aJIa, COIIpOBomaOfhIii l\IY3LIKOM H HII3KIIMH
IIOKJlOHaMH. B03Bparu;aJlCH B KOl\IHa TY OThIxa, a B 8TO BpeMH
1JMHOBHIIKII 110 OCOObIM nopyqOHIIJIM BbICTpaHBaJIHCL y BbI-
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rpOMKorOBOpHTeJlII Ha YJlMn:ax Ha ABYX fl3WKax lIepeAaBaJIH:
« Ero HMllepa TOpCI\Oe BeJIIIqeCTBO B03Bpaa eTCH BO ,n;Bopen;».
nOCJIe Moero B03Bparu;eHMH paAIIOCTaHIJ;MH l1epe,n;anaJIa eru;e
pa3: «Ero IIMIIepaTopCKoe BeJIII1JeCTBO OJIarOrrOJIYQHO IIpIIObIJI
BO ,IJ;BOpen:».
fOBOpIIJlH, 1JTO 8TO f];eJlaeTC H TaK iKe, KaK B HIIOHCKOM
HMIIepaTOpCKOl\f ,IJ;OMe.
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yrOJIKH C MOHM 1I0pTpeToM. MOIO oTOKapT01JKY Ha3LIBaJIH
«MMnepaTopcKoe M30opameHHe», 3aTeM ;JTO na3BaHHe 3aMe-
HHJIH 60JIee 6J1ar03BY1JHhIM, IIPHBbIqHbIM l];JIH .HnoHn: eB , cpe,IJ;-
HHM MemAY HIIOHCHHM H KIITaHCI{JIM CJIOBOM «npaBAHBLIii
rropTpeT HMllepaTopa». MOM 110pTpeT, COrJlaCHO pacllopflme-
HRIO, BHCeJI B KaiR,IJ;OM YtIpemeHHIf, lIIKOJlO, BoeHHbIX II npo-
1£I1X opraHH3an;MHX Ha OIIpe,n;eJIeHHOM MeCTe. B Y1JpeJRAe-
HIIHX - B 3aJIe AJiH 3aceAaHMii, B mHOJIaX - B Ka6HHeTe
,D;RpeKTopa YCTpaIIBaJIOCb HeRoe rroo6Me aJITapH, KOTOpOO
363

orropamIInaJIOCb 3aHaBeCKOii, aa Heii nlICeJI MOli nOpTpCT 11
MaiHH\cpeCT. Ka'mbIii, 'KTO B'XOAIIJI IB JTY HOMHaTIY, OJI,melI
6LIJI 06.H3a reJIbHO nOKJIOHHTbC.H n cTopony MOerO nOpTpeTa.
B rqaCTIHbIIX OMaX XOTH H He /6LIJlO oco'6oo paCIIIOpnmOHJlH
o TOM, lITO cJleAyeT ,BelIIaTh rropTpeT MMIIepa Topa, HO Acco-
D;Han;II.H coeiiCTBIIH B 06H3a TeJIbHOM nOpHf];Ke -pacrrpOCTpa-
HHJla 4>oTorpa<pIIro, Ha KOTOpOM JI 6bIJI CHflT C IBallL lliYH.
OTO HAOJlOrrOI{JIOHCTBO BocrrIITbIBaJIOCb fJIaBHbIM 06paaOM B
apMMII H lIIKOJIaX, 3AeCL Kamoe YTPO 118 JIHHeiiKO Ba pa3a
oT6HBaJlH « IIOI{JIOH 1I3lJ;aJleKa» : OMH rrOI{JlOH - B CTOPOHY
BOCTOKa, r)J;o IIaXOHJIOCb «mIIJlHm;e IIMlIopaTOpa» (TO eCTb
B TOKIIO); pyroH - B narrpaBJIeHIIII ropoa "YaHtIYHb, r,IJ;e
6bIJI BOpO «HMIIIpaTOpa MaHb't{moy-rO». l{lpoMe Toro, B J\OHb
rrpOB03rJIalIIeH1IJI HMIIepaTopCKoro YKa3a OJImHbI 6bIJIII em;e
3aqMTbIBaTb '3TOT YKa3. OTHOCHTCJIbHO YI{a30B .H em;e cKamy
HeCKOJILKO CJlOB HMme.
Cym;ecTBOBaJIO MHoro H ,n;pyrHx epOMOHIIii, HanpIIMep
ynoMflHYTbIH BbIlIIO TopmeCTBeHHbIH «BbIe3,IJ; MMIIepaTopa lIa
OCMOTp CBOHX BJlaeIlHH», HO 0 HHX .H He c06MpaIOCb no-
,n;P06HO nHcaTb. B 06m;eM, HIIOHCKIIe MIIJIHTapIICTbI O"fleHb
cepbe3IIo OTHOCHJIHCb K TaKoro poa crreKTaRJIHM. HaCKOJIbKO
H nOHHMaIO, 3TO eJlaJlOCb He TOJIbRO AJI.H Toro, 'tIT06LI BOC-
nHTa Tb B RHTaHax IIpIIBbItIKY R CJIeIIOM'y IIOBIIHOBeHIIIO H
<peoaJIbHO-peJIMrH03HYIO Hf];eOJIOrMIO, 110 H JIfl Toro, 'tITOObI
BOCIIHTa Tb B TaKOM me ,n;yxe HH3lIIIIe CJIOII HIIOHn;eB. JIIIOH-
CRaH RaHTYHCRaH apMIIH HeCKOJlbKO pa3 HCIIOJIb30BaJIa Me-
HH, lIT0'6bI Boo,n;YlIIeBHTb CBOHX tIHHOBHIIKOB H HapO,IJ;. 0 ,IJ;HaiK-
,n;bI, Kora H 6bIJI Ha yrOJIbHbIX KOIIHX B <PYCI1He, HrrOHD;bI
IIpH'CJIaJlH CBoero AeCHTHHKa II nOIIpOCHJIH, tITo6bI H C,Ka3aJl
eMY HeCKOJIblKO CJIOB 00'6peHHH. eCIHTHHR 16bIJI paCTpo-
raH AO' CJIe3 IBbIIIa'Bmeil Ha eTO OJIIO « OC060M 'tJ:eCTbJO». JI
me III'pH B'ceM '3TOM lIYBCTBOBaJl OBoe MMIII'epaT0p'CfKoe AOCTO-
HHCTIBO.
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pe3YJIbTaTe nocem;eHIIfl JIIIOHHH B aIIpo.rre 1935 roa, Hora
MHe rrORa3aJIOCb, QTO H rrOJIb3yroCb HaII60JlblIIHM aBTopH-
TeTOM.
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YCTpoeHa KBaHTYIIcHOi apMHei, KOMaHOBaHHe KOTOpoi
rrpe)J;JIOmHJIO MHe HaHeCTH OTBeTHbIH BII3IIT HIIIOHCKOMY II,MIIe-
paTOpy B 3HaH 6JIarOapHocTII 3a TO, tITO OH npHCJIaJl 6paTa
C n03paBJleHHHMH no CJIy'tlaIO Moero BCTynJIeIIIIH Ha npe-
CTOJI. K TOMY me MHe CJIeAOBaJIO rrO,IJ;aTL JIHtJHbIH rrpHMep B
364

AeJI6 YKpenJIeHMH «APya\6bI MemAY HrroHHeiI M MaHbllil\OY-
f 0 » .
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MUTeT, COCTOHBmnii H3 qeTbIpHaD:aTH qeJIOBeK, BO rJIaBe C
roclyp;apcTBeIIHbIIM COBeTHII)KOM 6apOHOM XaHCH fOHCYK8 11
BbICJlaJlO P;JlH BCTpeqH JIIIHKOp «XIIe Mapy» 11 TPII BOeHHbIX
CYHa. ,[(JlH Moeii OXpaHbI \6bIJlM HanpaBJleHbI TPH BOeHHLIX
KOHBOHHLIX Cyp;Ha: «BaiiIOHb» ((BeJIoe 06JIaKO»), «QYHL-
IOHL» ((fYCToe 06J1aKO») n «BOIOHb» ((J!erROe OOJIaI\O»).
Bo BpeMH MOerO OT'be3a 113 ,[(aJIHHH H HHCneKTIIpOBaJl flllOH-
CKlIe MMHOHOCD:LI «TaMaMa» i2-ii II i5-H. B MOIO qeCTb B
HOKOraMe COCTOflJlCH lB03AYllIHbIH rrapap;, B KOTOpOM rrpIlHHJlO
YQaCTlIe CTO CaMOJleTOB. fOJlOBOI\pymHTeJlbHan BCTpeQa, 6J1a-
rOCKJIOHHbIH rrpIleM, KOTOpbIH OKa3bIBJlII MHe BO npeMH 8TOH
nOe3,D;KM, 3aCTaBHJl1I MeHH HarrllCaTL TaKlIe yroHIIQeCRIIe
C TIIXH :
Mope - orpoMHoe 3epKaJIo.
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Apymooii BOCTOK YKpeIIJIHIOT.
Ha 1JeTBepTbIH eHb CBoero rrYTellIeCTBHJI H Ha6J1IO,I(aJl
BoeHHbIe Y1JeHIIH CeMM,D;eCHTII Kopa6.rreH 11 B npoMemYTKax
Memy rrpHcTyrraMH MOpCKOH 60Jle3HH C01JMHHJI CTIIXH:
B IIYTb TbICHQeBepCTHbIH Kopa6J1H IIJIbIBYT,
BOJIHbI 3eJleHbIO C ne60M CMbIKaIOTCH,
rOphI BI>ICOI\Me 3a MopeM BCTal0T,
PeKU rJly60KIIe K MOpIO TeKYT.
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fIYTL Moil IIpe,n;IIpIIHHT lIHbIMII 3a6oTaMM -
'llTo6 Mom ,n;BYMH rocy,n;apCTBaMII HalIIMMII
ApYiI\6a OCT3JIaCb HaBeK HerrorameHHoii.
OHHM CJlOBOM, eru;e He rrpHexaB B HrrOHHIO, H yme B
rrYTH rrOJIY1JHJI Macc'y rrOtIeCTeH. MeHH rJIy60Ro nOTpHCJIO MO-
rYID;eCTBO .fIrroHIIM, II fl pemH.rr, 1JTO 3TO - iBbIpameHIIe HC-
KpeHHero YBameHMH II HCRpeHHeH nOMoru;1I MHe II 1JTO Bce
I1pOlliJILIe HerrplIHTHOCTII JIlIllIb Heopa3YMeHHH.
H rrpH6LIJI B TORHo. HMrrepaTOp XHPOXIITO caM rrpHeXaJI
Ha BOK3aJI BCTpelIa TL MeHH 11 YCTpOHJI 6aIII\eT B MOIO 1JeCTL.
fIocJIe MoefO noceru;eHIIH HMrrepa Topa 011 HaHCC MIle OTBeT-
HLIH BII3I1T. H nplIHHJI CTapbIX nOJlHTII1JeCKHX eHTeJleH JIrro-
HIlIl 11 BJIHHTeJlbHLIX lIHHOBHHKOB, BbICJIYllIaJl IIX n03paBJle-
HHH. BMeCTe C XHPOXIITO rrpHCYTCTBOBaJl Ha BoeHHOM rrapal];e.
365

.f1 rrOCeTI1J1 XpaM HMrrCpa TOpa MaM3M, HaBCCTUJI B rOcrrftTaJ1e
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372

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374

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TOM 6YJl,eT CaM reHepaJI XOH,n;3e, n03TOMY CJIeAyeT iR,n;a Tb
BeCTeii 113 TOKMo. IB 1\OHe KOHD;OB IIy l(3e npIIIDJIOC:b noJl,"
"tJIIHIITbCH. 3 aIIpeJlH 1937 ro,n;a OH iReHMJICH B TOKIIo Ha Cara
XIIpO - ,n;OtJepH 3HaTHoro BeJIbMOi-RM, MapKII3a Cara. MeHee
lIe'M tJepe3 MeCHD; rro npe,n;JIOiReHIIIO KOMaH,n;OBaHIIH KBaHTYH-
CKOM apMHM rOCYAapCTB.eHH:bIM COBeT npMHHJI 3aKOH 0 Ha-
CJIeJl,OBaHMH rrpeCTOJla, rJIaCHBmMH:
«IIOCJlC CMepTM JJMrrepaTopa rrpeCTOJl rrepexo,n;IIT K ero
C:bIHY; eCJlH C:bIHa HeT, TO K BHYKY; eCJIII Her C:bIHa II BHYKa,
TO rrpeCTOJl HaCJIeJ];yeT MJla,n;mIIM opa T. ECJlM opa T YMpeT,
HaCJle,n;HMKOM na3Ha"tJaeTCH ero 'CbIH».
I10cJle B03BpaeHHH fly l(3e C iReHOM Ha CeBepo-BoCTOK
H pemHTCJlbHO OTKa3:bIBaJlCH rOBopHTb C HMM 0 "tJeM-JIHOO
,.,
OTKpOBeHHO II COBepmeHHO He rrpOOOBaJl Toro, lITO rrpIICbIJIa-
JIa MHe B ,n;ap ero meHa. ECJlH IIy Q3e eJl BMeCTe CO MHOii
II Ha CTOJle JIemaJla e,n;a, npMrOTOBJleHHaH ero meHoM, H
m,n;aJl, Kor,n;a IIy U:3e nepBbTM ee rrorrpooyeT, n JlHIDb Tor,n;a
eJI HeMHoro CaM.
B ,n;aJlbHeiimeM, KOrAa IIy U:3e ,n;OJlmeH 6bIJI CTaTL OTD;OM,
H C TpeBOrOM ,n;YMaJI 0 CBOeH cy,n;bOe II ,n;ame ra,n;aJI. He 'MeHb-
me 6eCrrOKOMJICH H II 0 opa Te: TOJlbKO nOCJle,n;HMM IIYHKT
3aKoHa 0 Hac.rre,n;onaHIIII rrpeCTOJla, B KOTOpOM rOBOpHJIOC.b,
lITO HaCJle,n;HIIKOM Ha3HalIaeTCH C:bIH opaTa, IIMeJl rroJl, CODOM
nO"tJBY. .fIrroHcKoMY KOMaH,n;OBaHHIO HymeH 6:bIJI MMIIepaTOp
HIIOHCKOM RpOBI1, II03TOMY M:bl, 6pa TbH, MOrJlII CTa Tb iRepT-
BOH. .R OOJIertleHHO B3,II;OXHYJI JIMIDb Tor,n;a, KOrJl,a Y3HaJI, "ITO
y IIy U:3e pO,IJ;IIJlaC:b Jl,Otlb.
qYBCTBOBaJI 6:bI H ceOH crrOKOHHec, eCJlH ObI y MeHH ca-
MODO pO,n;HJlCH C:bIH? BpJIJl, JIH, HOO H ,n;aBHO YiKe no,n;IIHca.rr
Jl,OKYMeHT, B KOTOpOM OOH3aJlCH rrocJla Tb C:bIHa YlIHTbCJI II
BocnIITbIBaTbCH B .RrroHHIO, Kor,n;a eMY IICIIOJlHIITCJI nHTb JIeT.
28 IIIOHH, 3a ,n;eBJITb ,n;HeM ,n;o COO:bITIIM 7 IIIOJIJI, H CHOBa
OblJI Cep:be3HO HarryraH, Ha 3TOT pa3 HHD;II,n;eHTOM C BOPD;O-
Bon oxpaHon.
TaK Ha3MBaeMaH ,n;BOpn;OBaH oxpaHa COCTOHJIa 113 OTPH-
,n;OB, KOTOp:bIe H co,n;epma.rr Ha JIMlIH:bIe cpe,n;CTBa. Ee B03HHK-
HOBeHMe ObIJlO CBH3aHO He TOJl:bKO C meJIaHHeM HMeTb JIHlI-
HYIO oxpaHY, HO M npeCJle,1];iOBaJIO TY me eJIb, tlTO II nOCbIJlKa
IIy 1(3e B .RrroHMIO, B BoeHHoe YlIHJIHm;e: JI CTpeM1IJICH CO-
3,n;aTb CBOll KOCTHK apMHII. B ABOPD;OBOM oxpaHe ObIJIO 300 "Ie-
JIOBeK, II Bce OHH rrpOXOJl,IIJIH ocpHepcKYIO rro,n;rOTOBKY. Tyu
Q3H-CIOHb, BeJl,aBIDHM HX ooy"tJeHHeM, ,n;aBHO rOBOpIIJI MHe,
376

ttTO l\OMaHAoBaIlMe I-\BaHTynCI\oii apMllJ1 HCOBOJlbHO ;)tnM.
.fI He 06paaJI BHIIMaHIfH Ha ero 3aMeqaHIIH ,n;o rex nop,
flOKa He IIpOM30IIIJIO CJIOlYIOm;ec. 28 MIOHH "lIaCTb oxpaHHM-
ROB OTrrpaBHJIaCb rrorYJIHTb B IIapK M IIOCrrOpIIJIa TaM C He-
CROJIbKMMII HrrOHD;aMII n IIITaTCKOM U3-3a rrpOKara JIOAOK.
B aTO BpeMH OTKYAa -TO HaOemaJIO MHomeCTBO HIIOHD;eB, H
OHB HaaJIH paKY. Pa303JIeHHaH oxpaHa OKa3aJIa corrpOTIID-
JIeHBe, rrpBMeHIIB IIpMeMbI KHTaHCKOH OOpbObI. HIIOHD;bI,
BHH, TO C oxpaHHIIKaMII crrpaBMTbCH TPy,n;HO, HaTpaBHJIM
Ha HUX OBapOK. OxpaHHIIKH y6IIJIII cooalK, IIpOpBaJIM OKpy-
iKeHHe II BepHYJIMCb B CBOII I\a3a pMbI. CrrYCTH HeKOT,opoe
BpeMH K TYH l(31I-CIOHIO JIBIIJIMCb HIIOHCKHe maHapMbI II IIO-
TpeOOBaJIII BbI,n;aTb IIM Tex, RTO HaXOAIIJICH B napKe. Co CTpa-
xy TYH 'Q31I-CIOHb Ha3BaJI oxpaHHHoB, 11 1fX yneJIII 'maII-
apMLI. HnOHD;bI 3aCTalBJIHJIH IIX C03HaTbCH B aHTIIMaHbllmoy-
rOCKOH II aHTHHnOHCKOH ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTM, Te He npH3HaBaJIII
ce'OH BHHOBHbIMII, II IIX meCTOI\O rr:bITaJIM. CTaJIO HCHO, TO
Bce aTO 3apaHee rro,n;CTpOHJIII RIIOHD;bI: B II1TaTCKOM ObIJIM
BoeHHLIe, cpeAII rrOCTpa,n;aBII1HX Haxo,n;MJIOC:b ABoe COBeTHHKOB
KBaRTYHCKOH a pMMH, cooalKH Tome rrpIIHa,n;JIemaJIII RIIOHCI\OH
apMHH. Y CJIbIII1aB, "tITO nOHn;bI apeCTOBaJIH ,MORX oxpaHHMKon,
H Irro.DY1MaJI, "lITO 3TO 'c.myrqaHHOCTb, II \IIlpOCHJI ECMOKa IIorOBopHTb
C KOMaHJ);OBaHHeM. BepHYlBlliIIC:b, OH llIepeaJI MHe TPH CJIeyIO-
m;HX yCJIOBIIH Ha-qaJI:bHHKa mTa6a KBaHTY1HOKOH ap:MMII TOA3e:
1. OTBeTCTBeHH:bIM 3a ,n;BOpn;OBYIO oxpauy TYH Q3II-,CIOHb
,n;OJIiReH II3BIIHHTbCH IIepeA paHeH:bIMII COBeTHIIRaMII RBaH-
TYHCKOH apMJIH. 2. IBuHOBHMKM IIHn;M,n;eHTa ,n;OJIJI\I1:bI ObITb
BbICJIaH:bI 3a IIpe,n;eJIbI CTpaH:bI. 3. IB ,n;aJIbHei1IlIeI He ,n;o-
nY'CKaTb nOBTopeHMH no,n;06HbIX CJIY1JaeB.
H ooem;aJI B:bInOJIHIIT:b Bce YCJIOBMH. BCJIe,n; 3a 3TIIM l\tleHJl
aa.CTaBMJIM OCBOOO,n;MTb TYH Q3H-CIOHH OT oOH3aHHocTeH Ha-
qaJIbHHKa ,n;BOpn;OIBOH oxpaHbI M nepe,n;a Tb STY OJIjHHOCTb
HnoHn;y Harao. H ,n;OJImeH 6:bIJI COKpaTJilTb lII1CJIeHHOCTb cBoeii
oxpaHbI II 3aMeHMTb Haxo,n;MBlliIIeCH Y Hee Ha noopyrKeIIIIH
BHHTOBKH Ha IIMCTOJIeTM.
Ee paHbIlIe ,n;JIH C03,n;aHIIJI CBOHX coocTBeHHbIx CH.rr H
I10C:bIJIaJI B HnoHHIO HeCKOJIbKO rpy,IIfl MOJIo,n;eiKlI YHT:bCH
BoeHHoMY ,n;eJIY. HeOmJI,n;aHHo rrOCJIe MX B03npam;eHIIH Bce
OHB, B TOM tIMCJIe II IIy Q3e, 6:blJIII Ha3HaeHbI Ha ,n;OJIiRHOCTB
B BoeHHOM Be,n;OM,C1me, M H BOOOm;e He MMeJI K HMM HHKaKoro
OTHOIlIeHMH. 11 BOT Terrepb MOJI JIM1JHaH oxpaHa norraJIa IIO,n;
nOJIH:bIH KOHTpOJIb HrrOHn;en. TaK paCCeHJIIIC:b Bce MOB
RJIID03HH.
377

1\0rp:a 7 HIOJIH 1931 Doa natIaJtaCb 'BoMlIa Men\y .H.no-
HHeH H RflTaeM H HrrOHCKaH apMHH 3aXBaTMJIa IIeI\MH, Y He-
KOTOpbIX MaHb1JiRypCKHX I\HH3eii H n;IIHCKHX BeTepaHOB B
I1eKHHe nOHBIIJIaCL HaAeiRAa Ha 1l0CCTaHOBJIeHIIe npCiKHllX
nOpHKQB. Ho AJIH MeHH YiRe CTaJIO HCHO, 1JTO" 3TO Terropb
HeB03MOiKHO. .H YMaJI .JIHllIL 06 OHOM: HaK B 3THX YCJIO-
BHHX coxpaHHTb CBOIO 6e30nacHocTL H KaK rrpHcrrocO'oHTbCSI
K ECHoKa - 3TOMY OJIHn;eTBOpeHllIO RBaHTYHcKOM apMIIH?
:ECHOKA HCYHOPH
RBaHTYHCKaH apMHH OLIJIa nO)J;06Ha CHJIbHOMY HCTOlIHMKY
Toa Bbl'COKoro HaIIpHiKeHHH. .H 'ObI'JI TOqHbIM 'II [JOCJIYIIIHbIM
3JIeKTpOBHraTeJIeM, a ECHoKa HCYHopn - 3JIeKTpOnpoBo01
c npeKpacHoH npOBOHMOCTLIO.
8TO 6bIJI HeOOJIbmOrO pOCTa HnOHe 113 RarOCIIMbl, C BbI-
cTynaIOMMH CKYJIaMII II YCHKaMH. C 1935 ro,n;a II nIIJIOTb
,n;o KanHTYJIHHH HnoHHH B 1945 ro,n;y OH HaXOHJICH pH,n;OM
co MHOR H BMeCTe co MHOR 6blJI B3HT B IIJIeH COBeTcKoH Ap-
MlIeH. B TelIeHHe IIOCJIeHMX AeCHTH JIeT OH OT nO)J;IIOJIROB-
HHKa cyxonYTH@X BOHCK nOCTerreHHO IIO,D;HHJICH AO reHepaJI-
JIeRTeHaHTa. ECHoKa 3aHHMaJI Be AOJIiRHOCTII: OH O:bIJI CTap-
mHM COiBeTHHKOM KBaHTYHcKOH apMIIH II aTTallie npII HMIIe-
paTopCKOM ,n;OMe MaHblIiRoy-ro. IIocJIe)J;Hee 6bIJIO HnOHCKII1
Ha3BaHlIeM. CoocTBeHHo rOBopH, KaK nepeBO)J;HTCH 3TO Ha-
3BaHHe, He TaK YiK BaiRHO, TaK KaK OHO Bce paBHO He OTpa-
iKaJIO caMOM )J;eHTeJIbHOCTH ECHOKa. <DaKTHlIeCKM OH 6bIJI KaK
ObI oymeBJIeHHbIM 3JIeKTpOnpOBO)J;OM. RamAafl MbICJIb RBan-
TYHCKOH apMHH IIepeaBaJIaCb MHe lIepe'3 Hero. Ry,n;a exaTb
Ha IIpHeM, KOMY OT,n;aBa Tb lIeCTL, I\aKHX rrpHHHMa Tb rocTeii,
KaK HHCTPYKTHpOBaTb lIHHOBHHKOB H Hapo, Kor,n;a IIOAHHTh
PIOMKY C TOCTOM, aiRe KaK YJIblOaTbCH II KHBaTb rOJIOBOM-
Bce 3TO H ,IJ;eJIaJI no YKa3aHHIO ECHOKa. C KaKHMH JIIO,n;bMH .H
Mor BCTpelIaTLCH H C KaKHMH HeT, Ha KaKI1X coopaHHHX npH-
CYTCTlBOBa Tb H 'tITO ,rOHOIpIITb - BO BceM H CJIYllIaJICH erO.
TeKCT Moero BbIcTYIIJIeHMH OH 3apaHee IIIICaJI MHO Ha 6YMare
Ha CBoeM HIIOHH3HponaHHOM KHTaHCHOM H3bIne.
Kor,n;a HrrOHHH HalIaJIa arpeCCHBHYro BOHHY B KIITae II
rrOTpe'OOBaJIa Y MapHOHeTOlIHOrO npaBIITeJIbCTBa npO;J;OBOJIT)-
CTBHe, paOOlIYIO CHJIY H MaTepnaJIbHbIe pecypCbI, H BeJIeJI
qmaH :Q3IIH-XY3IO Ha COBeaHHII ry6epHaTopOB npOBHHD;Ull
378

3aHTaTb npH3bIB R ry,oepHaTopaM, HaIIlIcaHHbIll ECIIOKa.
B HeM OH nplI3LIBaJI ryoepHaTopOB rrpHJIOmHTb Bce CBOH
YClIJIHH f];JIH nO,IuepmaHIIH CBHeHHoii BOMH:bI. .fIIIOHlIH Ha-
lIaJIa BOMHY Ha TMXOM OKeaHe, II Y Hee He)];OCTa'BaJIO BoeHHOH
CHJILI. BLIJIO peIueno 3aMeHIITb H nOHCT\ nx COJI,n;a T COJI)];a TaMil
apMHH MaH:biROY. fo, IOTOp:bIe nOCnaJlII Ha <PPOHTax RUTaH,
a TenepL 6:bIJIM nepeBe)];eHLI Ha TnxooReancKMM <PPOHT. II H
Ha 6aH.KeTe )];JIH I\oMaH)];HOrO COCTana BOCHIIoro oKpyra no
6YMaiRRe RTaJI: « M:bI XOTMM iRlITb 1I YMepeTb BMeCTe C
.f[rroHMeM. Y Hac ClRHaH BOJIH M pemJfMOCTL pa3rpOMRTb CII-
JI:bI AMepI1KM M AHrJIHI1».
I\poMe Toro, BCflKUM pa3, IOr)];a nI10neKaH apMMH OKRY-
IIMpOBaJIa .B l(eHTpaJIbHOM KUTae KaROM-HIlOY)];b OTHOCMTeJIb-
no KPYIIHbTM ropo, EClIOKa paCCIa3bIBaJI 0 pe3YJI:bTaTaX
ooen, a 3aTeM neJIeJI BCTaT:b BMeCTe CHUM n C)];eJIaT:b nOKJIOH
B C,TOPOHY q)pOHTa, BbIpamaH TCM caMhIM COOOJIe3HOBaHlIe
norHOIIIMM. IIocJIe HeCKOJIb.JI1X TaKHX «ypOKOB», KorAa rraJI
ropo)]; YxaHb, H yme caM, 6e3 "tJberO-JIUoo HaIIOMMHaHHH,
BbICJIYUlaH )];0 HOIIQa coo6IIeHHc, BCTaJI, CAeJIaJI IIOKJIOH M
IIOTMJI IIorH'6I11HX HIIOIIIeB MHHYTOM MOJIaHlIH.
Tora iHe, TIOCJle TTaCHMH ropOAa YxaHb, OH rrOCOBeTOBaJI
MHe JIIIlIHO HaIIIIca T:b II03)];pa.BJIeHlIfl naJIa-qy ORaMypa, OKKY-
IIMpOBa BITIPMY ropo)];, a TaRiI\e nor JIa Th II03)];paBJlTeJIbHYIO Te-
.rrerpaMMY HIIOHCKOMY MMilepaTOpy.
B )];aJII)HeiiIlIOl\f, I\ora IObIJIH IIIOHa'CTpoeHbI «XlpaM:bI Y1(-
pel1JIelIIIH OCHOB Han:MlI», H HmeMeCH1IHO MOJIHJI'CH 13 HMX 3a
no6e)];y JllIIOHDKOH apMIIH. M TY MhICJIb 'MHe 1II0lnCIRa:la'JI Bce
TOT iRe :E,cHOKa.
JJ:0 COOLITlIIT 7 BIOJIH 1937 ro,n;a MOM JIM"tJIIhIe 1I ceMeMHbIe
AeJIa He 01leH:b MHTepeCOBaJIM I\BaHTYHCIYIO apMMIO, HO nOCJIe
Ha"tJaJIa BOCHHbIX )];eHCTBMH rrOJIOmeHIfe M3MeHlIJIOCL.
Ao 7 MIOJIH MOIl pOACTBeHHHI\H, iIMBlTIUe B I(eHTpaJIbHOM
RHTae, 06bI"tJHO RaiR)];:bIH ro)]; IIpn:e3maJIH: n03)];paBMT:b MeHH C
AHeM pOiR)];eHlIH, a TO II npOCTO TaI\. A JTO'CJIe 7 1IIOJIH KO-
MaH)];OBaHHe RBaHTYHCI\OH apMMeii YTBep)];MJIO nOMMeHH:bIH:
crrnCOK JIlIn;, I\OTOpIIM B YCTaHOBJIeHlIOe BpCMfl pa3pemaJIOCb
npnexaTb B qaII"tJYIIb. 1-\ TOMY iRe, I\pOMC MORX 6JIII3IlIX
PO,n;cTBeHIIMKoB, OCTaJIbH:ble MOrJIM TOJIbKO oTAaBaTb MHe
tJecTL, HO He HMeJIII IT paBa co MHOH Oeee)];OBa Tb.
BCH nOJIy-qaeMaH MHOIO KOppeCrrOH)];eHn;MH II po X O)];IIJI a
CIIallaJIa lIepe3 PYI\II HIIOHeB - CJIymaIIx JJ:eIIapTaMeHTa
opa II yme TOJIbRO TI,OCJIe 3TODO EClIoKa pa3pemaJI JilJIJiI 3a-
IIpeaJI rrepe)];aBa Tb ee MHe.
379

I\oHeqHO, RBaHTYHOKaH apMMH 3HaJIa, 'tJTO H He Mor BLI-
cTyrraTb rrpOTMB MaHbmoy- fo, rrpOTMB .HrroHIIII, HO OHa Bce
ee 60HJIaCb, 'tJTO H YCTaHOBJIIO CBH3b M BCTYIIJIIO B crO:BOp
C QeHTpaJIbHbIM RMTaeM B n;eJIHX jJoccTaHOBJIeHHH n;MHCKOii
,I];JIHaCTMH, 'tJTO, KOHe'tJHO, 6bIJIO He B ee MHTepecax.
B Te ,I];HH 6bIJIO COnepIJleHHO He'B03MomHO C KeM-HM6YJJ;b
BCTpeTMTbCH HJIII nOJIY'tJMTb rrMCbMO TaK, To6bI 06 aTOM He
3HaJI ECIIOI\a. IBo ,I];BOpn;e cyrn;ecTBOnaJIO maH,I];apMCKoe yrrpaB-
JIeHMe. HUKTo M3 BbIXO,I];HlIIIX II BXOAH]IMX BO ,I];BOpeD; HC
BbIrra,I];aJI 113 nOJIn: 3peHJiIH maH,n;apMOB. OHM 3HaJIH 6YKBaJIbHO
Bce, TO rrpOJICXO,I];JIT BO Bope, H H HaXO,I];IIJICH IIO CTpO-
maiimMM KOHTpOJIeM.
To, tITO ECTfOKa CMor CTaTb OJIIfI,eTBopeH11eM RnaHTYH-
C'ROi1: a pMMII M rI ' p'Olpa60TaJI Ha CtBoeii OJI1i1\HOCTH HCRTI)
JIeT, HnJf'.TJOeT) pC:ly.rrLTaTOM eTO OqHHb 160JIbillIIX clrroco6Ho-
cTeH.
ABTOPbI neKoTopbIX KHI1r YTBepJl,n;aIOT, 'tJTO B THHLD;311He
:RcMoRa 6bIJI MOIIM xopomMM ,I];pyroM, a IIOTOM CTaJI COBeT-
HIIKOM RBaHTYHCKOii apMMH. IT03TOMY, Kor,n;a KIBaHTYHcKOM
a pM11H rroHa,n;o6MJICH 'tJeJIOBeK ,n;JIH « CBH3M» co MHOii, BLrOpaJIIf
ero. Ha caMOM ,n;eJIe B THHbD;3MHe ECIIOKa OJ];HO BpeMH BeJI
6ece,n;bI 110 TeKyrn;H'M C06bITHflM, O,l];naKO rOBOpJITb, TO OIl
6:bIJI MOMM XOpOIIII1M ,n;pyroM, HeJIL3H. Ho eCJIn CKa3a Tb, tITO
OH 6bIJI pyroM Moero 6paTa ITy 1(3e, TO B aTOM eCTL ):(OJIfl
IIpa'B,n;:bI. I10CJIe C03,I];aHMH MaHLmoy- fo IIy :Q3e IIocTyrrHJI
B HIIOHCKoe BoeHHoe yqMJIMrn;e, B KOTOpOM ECIIOKa B TO Bpe-
MH nperro,n;aBaJI BoeHIIYIO HCTopMIO. IIOqTH 'Kam,n;oe BOCKpe-
ceHbe 011 npHrJIaIlIaJI ITy :Q3e K ce6e B rOCTH JI OKa3bIBaJI
eMY pa,n;ymHbIH rrpMeM:. IToCJIe Toro RaR OIIM CTaJIM XOPO-
mMMM ,n;PY3bHNIU, ECMOKa C006rn;HJI TIy 1(3e, TO RBaHTYH-
CKaH apMIfH XOqCT IIpHrJIaCIfTb CTO B MaHb"tJil\ypMIO, lIT06bI
rrCrrOJIL:lOBaTb ,n;JIfl CBH3H CO MHOii.
- TaHoe 'rrperr;.nomeHMe \fI:eJIaeT IMHe rqCCTb,- C'I\a:1aJI E'CIIO-
Ka,- HO PCJJTf H He IIO.rrYlIY 3BaHIIC CTapluero COBeTHHKa
RBaHTYHCRoii apMTfTf, TO lIe IIPHMY 3TY J[OJIJI\IIOCTL, IIOTOMY
tJTO Mon rrpeAmeCTBeHHMKJI HaKaCMMa H: I1cMMapy He YCTOfl-
JIM B MaIlh'tJiIypnn TIMeHIIO IIOTOMY, TO He IIYCTMJIH ,I];OCTa-
TO"tJHO rJIy60KMe ROpHH.
BrrOCJIe.n;eTBHJf, He 3HaIO KaKHM 06pa30M, HO OB: ,n;06HJICJI
meJIaeMoro. RBaHTYHc,KaH apMHH Ha3HaHJIa ECHoKa cTap-
mIIM COBeTJIHKOM II IIopyqHJIa eMY 3a,n;atIy CBH3aTLCH co
MHOH. I1epe OT'be3J];oM B MaHb"tJmYPHIO OR IIOlIpOCHJI ITy
I.{3e C006rn;I1Tb MHe 06 aTOM II CRa3aJI:
380

- ECJIH Barn 6paT Cl\IOmeT aapaHeo npJ1rOTOBHTb MHe
Ka6HHeT JIH pa60TbI, TO 3TO 6yeT JIH MeHH 60JIblliOH
qeCTblO.
H OKaaaJI eMY 3TY «qeCTb». IT pOllTJIO MHoro BpeMeHU,
IIpeme qeM H rrOHHJJ, qTO 011 eJIaJI ;1TO, CTpOl\IHCb rrYCTHTb
IIbIJIb B rJIa3a RBaHTYIICKOH apMHH, KOTOpalJI C'tJ:HTaJIa, lITO
Y Hero ICO MHOH 6bIJIH Heo l 6bPIHble OTHOIIIeHHR; rrepeJ];o MHOM
iRe OH 6paBHpOBaJI WOpMOH CTapmero COBeTHHKa RBaHTYH-
CKOH apMIIII. TaKHM 06paROM, OH JI306paiRaJI ce6H B BLIro-
HOM CBeTe rrepe TOM II pyroii CTOpOHOH II H3BJIeKaJI TI;l
3Toro rrOJIb3Y.
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386

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388

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389

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390

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403

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404

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405

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417

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418

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419

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420

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421

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