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He60nbwHe BcnOMoraTenbHble ABHraTenH, KOTopble MeAneH-
HO BBOASIT BCIO CHCTeMY BO BpaU4aTenbHoe ABH)f(eHHe BOKpyr
06L1..1ero 4eHTpa Macc. C03AaeTCSI.Bne4aTneHHe, 4TO Mbl Bpa-
U4aeMCSI BOKpyr Toro oTAeneHHSI. C KOTOpblM coeAHHeHbl:
Macca Hawero oTAeneHHSI B AeCSlTKH pa3 MeHbwe MaCCbl OC-
HOBHOM 4aCTH Kopa6nSl.
Mbl BpaU4aeMCSI CO CKOpOCTblO 10 M/C no Kpyry 0400 M,
AenaSl nonHblM 060POT B 2 MHH 6 ceK. Ho HaM Ka)f(eTCSI, 4TO 3TO
He60CBOA BpaU4aeTcSI.
XOTSI Mbl, KaK H Bce npeAMeTbl, n04TH B 20 pa3 ner4e, 4eM
Ha 3eMne, 3TOM TSlHCeCTH BnonHe AocTaT04Ho AnSI nOAAep)f(a-
HHSI «3eMHoro» nopSlAKa B Ka6HHe.
Ha 60PTY «CCCP-B4.., 13 HOA6pA 1997 rOAa. CerOAHSI 106H-
neMHaSl AaTa: HaWH APY3bSl, yneTeBwHe C 3eMnH 20 MapTa
npownoro rOAa. npoBoASlT 500-e CYTKH Ha BeHepe. B nonY4eH-
HOM OT HHX paAHorpaMMe «BeHepHaHe» co06U4aIOT, 4TO Bce
4YBCTBYlOT ce6S1 npeBocxoAHO H, HecMOTpSl Ha KaTacTpoq>H-
4ecKylO nOTeplO roplO4ero, BCTpe4alOT 106HneM cornaCHO
BceM npaBHnaM TpaAHHH.
«CCCP-B4.., 10 Aea6pA 1997 rOAa. no nepBoHa4anbHoMY
nnaHY BeHepHaHcKaSl 3KcneAH4HSI AOn)f(Ha 6blna cerOAHSI no-

KHHYTb BeHepy, a HaM npeACTOHT el1.le MeCJl4 nYTH. Ho HH4ero,
B MOCKBY Mbl Bce paBHO BepHeMCJI paHbwe npeAYCMOTpeHHO-
ro 6e3aBapHMHoro B03Bpal1.leHHJI «CCCP-B3».
8 AHBapA 1998 rOAa. nOCne3aBTpa Haw Kopa6nb Bpe)f(eTCJI B
aTMoc<I>epy BeHepbl. nopa npHAaTb eMY 06TeKaeMYIO <l>OPMY.
npHXOAHTCJI OTKa3aTbCJI OT HCKycCTBeHHOH TJlHCeCTH. npHBe-
AeHHbie B AeHCTBHe paKeTHble ABHraTenH TOpM03J1T Bpal1.la-
TenbHoe ABHHCeHHe Kopa6nJl. nOATJlrHBaeM 6aKH C roplO4HM.
KaHaTbi nocneAOBaTenbHO HaBHBalOTCJI B HeCKonbKO cnoeB Ha
6apa6aHbi ne6eAKH.
«CCCP.B4.., 9 AHBapA 1998 rOAa. Mbl Ha paCCTOJlHHH
1 350 000 KHnOMeTpOB OT BeHepbl. Ee cepn, nOA06Ho BHAH-
MOMY C 3eMnH cepny I1YHbl, ocnenHTenbHO JlpOK. HeAapoM
ApeBHe rpeKH Ha3blBanH BeHepy «cPoc<I>op" HnH «I1104H-
<l>ep» - CBeTOHOCHaJl: C03AaeTCSI Bne4aTneHHe, 4TO OHa He
OTpaHCaeT conHe4Hble nY4H, a caMa H3nY4aeT CBeT.
K ConH4Y Mbl npH6nH3HnHCb Ha 41 MnH. KM. KOHAH4HoHepbl
pa60TalOT, HO B Ka6HHe HCapKO: HaM He yAaeTcSI «C6HTb»
TeMnepaTYPY HHHCe 32°C. OTHocHTenbHYIO BnaHCHOCTb B03AY-
xa nOAAep)f(HBaeM B npeAenax 60%. BeHTHnSiTopbl pa60TalOT
Ha BCto MOI1.lHOCTb, HO CKOpOCTb ABHHCeHHSI B03Ayxa He npeBbl-
waeT 0,35 M/C.
...MbI 4yTb OTKnOHHnHCb OT HaMe4eHHoro nYTH. He06xoAH-
MO HcnpaBHTb TpaeKTOpHto, HHa4e Mbl pa30HAeMCJI C BeHe-
pOH.
1-1 4TO TorAal «CCCP-B4» npOAonHCan 6b1 naAaTb Ha ConH4e.
CnycTJI 42 AHSI nocne npoxoHCAeHHSI MHMO BeHepbl OH no-
Aowen 6bl Ha paCCTOJlHHe 64 MnH. KM OT AHeBHoro CBeTHna.
Haw Kopa6nb He npHcnoc06neH HaxOAHTbCSI B TaKOH 6nH30CTH
OT ConH4a, H Mbl, HeCOMHeHHO, H3H<apHnHCb 6bl...
A Aanbwel KocMH4ecKHH KaTa<l>anK C 6peHHblMH OCTaHKaMH
repoeB nOAHSIncSi 6bl 06paTHo K op6HTe 3eMnH... H BMeCTO
TopHCeCTBeHHoro Hac BCTpeTHn 6bl noxopOHHblM Mapw...
Ho - rpycTHble MblcnH B CTOpOHyl L!eHoM nHWb He3Ha4H-
TenbHoro pacxoAa TonnHBa Mbl BblBenH Kopa6nb Ha npaBHnb-
HblH nYTb. HaM 60nee He yrpoHCaeT onaCHOCTb pa30MTHCb C
BeHepOH...
BeHepa 06pal1.leHa CBoeH HeOCBel1.leHHOH CTOpOHOH K 3eM-
ne. Mbl BHAHM ee ceH4ac rna3aMH I10MoHOCOBa. Ee TeMHblM
AHCK OKpy>KeH CBeTnOM KaeMKOH - :no CBSITSll1.IeeCSI Konb40
BeHepHaHCKOH aTMoc<I>epbl. Ha 3eMne HaM npHwnOCb 6bl
)f(AaTb el1.le HeCKonbKO neT (AO 7 HIOHSI 2004 rOAa), 4T06bl
BnepBble YBHAeTb :no 3penHI1.Ie H TO C orpOMHoro paCCTOSlHHSI
B 40 MnH. KM. «S!BneHHe I1oMoHOCOBa» HaWH npeAKH Ha6nlO-
AanH B nocneAHHH paa B 1882 rOAY. HacKonbKo HaYKa ywna
BnepeA co BpeMeHH Hawero BenHKoro cooTe4ecTBeHHHKa!
...CKOpO nonH04b no MOCKOBCKOMY BpeMeHH. Mbl y)f(e B
HenocpeAcTBeHHoH 6nH30cTH OT BeHepbl, H ee CHna npHTSI)f(e-
HHJI Ha4HHaeT OI1.lYl1.laTbcSI.
CKOpOCTb Hawero Kopa6nSl, naAalOl1.IerO Ha ConH4e BOT YHCe
weCTbAeCSIT BOCbMble CYTKH, B03pocna AO 34,7 KM/C. Ho Mbl
He neTHM npSlMO Ha ConH4e, a n04TH nepneHAHKynSipHo K con-
He4HbiM nY4aM, H, cneAOBaTenbHO, K op6HTe BeHepbl Mbl
npH6nHHCaeMCJI 3Ha4HTenbHO MeAneHHee - CO cpeAHeH CKO-
pOCTbto Bcero 7 KM/C...
Mbl nepeceKaeM Op6HTY BeHepbl H ABHHCeMCSI OTHOCHTenb-
HO ConH4a n04TH C TaKOH )f(e CKOpOCTblO, KaK H OHa caMa, HO no
OTHoweHHIO K nnaHeTe Hawa CKOpOCTb COCTaBnSleT 14,2 KM/C:
BeAb Hawa TpaeKTopHSI H op6HTa BeHepbl nepeceKalOTCJI nOA
yrnoM B 23°32'.
EcnH 6bl ABHraTenH 6e3AeMcTBoBanH, BeHepa 3aXBaTHna 6bl
Kopa6nb H npHHYAHna cnycTHTbCSI Ha ee nOBepXHOCTb co CKO-
pOCTblO, B03pocweH AO 17,6 KM/C. Ho:no He BXOAHT B HawH
nnaHbl: Mbl He nOBHHyeMcSI cnenOH cHIle nnaHeTHoro npHTSI-
HCeHHSI.
«CCCP-B4.., 10 AHBapA 1998 rOAa. ,lJ,BHraTenb pa60Tan Ha
TopMOHCeHHe, H «CCCP-B4» no BeneHHIO aBTonHnOTa neTen
napannenbHo K nOBepxHocTH BeHepbl. HOBH4KY TPYAHO 6blno
6bl pa306paTbcSI: BeHepa 6blna BHAHa He nOA HaMH, a BHcena
nepeA HaMH. ,lJ,BHraTenb H3Bepran ra3bl nOA He60nbwHM yr-
nOM K ee nOBepXHOCTH, HO HaM Ka3anOCb, 4TO orHeHHaSi
CTPYSl HCTeKaT BepTHKanbHO, 6enOCHeHCHbie 06naKa nnaHe-
Tbl - :no rHraHTCKHH 3aHaBec.
«CCCP-B4» CTan HCKycCTBeHHblM cnYTHHKOM BeHepbl. Mbl
KPYHCHM Ha BbiCOTe 610 M HaA ee nOBepxHocTblO C 6b1CTpOTOH
7283 M/C. nnaHeTY Mbl onOSlCblBaeM 3a 1 4ac 36 MHH 24 ceK,
nponeTaSi 3a :no BpeMSI no HHep4HH 42 129 KM.
1-13 3THX AaHHbix BHAHO, 4TO CHna npHTSI)f(eHHJI Ha nOBepXHO-
CTH nnaHeTbl Ha 10,5% MeHbwe, 4eM Ha 3eMne, a ee Macca He-
MHorHM 60nbwe 4/5 MaCCbl 3eMnH.
Haw AecaHTHblH OTpSlA y>Ke nonHOCTblO rOTOB K cnycKY,
nOcneAHlO1O HeAenlO AecaHTHHKH rOTOBHnHCb K onepa4HH, He
npHHHMaSi HHKaKoro Y4aCTHSI B APyrHx 3aHSlTHSIx 3KHnaHCa.
...THXO 3apa60Tan ABHraTenb, H AecaHTHblH Kopa6nb C 3ana-
caMH roplO4ero AnSI nOTepneBwero 6eAcTBHJI 3KHna)f(a
«CCCP-B3» MeAneHHo oTAenHncSi OT Hawero Kopa6nSl, YHOCSI
Ha CBoeM 60PTY Tpex CMenb4aKOB. ,lJ,pY3eH HaWHX Mbl cpa3y
)f(e nOTepSinH H3 BHAY.
...nonY4HnH cneAYlOl1.IHe paAHorpaMMbI:
«YMeHbwHnH CKOpOCTb Ha 37 (M/c).I1eTHM no HHep4HH».
«nOCTeneHHo norpY)f(aeMCSI B aTMoc<I>epy (BeHepbl). Ha4a-
I1H nnaHHpOBaTb. TeMnepaTypa B Ka6...»
PaAHocBSl3b npepBaHa, XOTb annapaTypa B HcnpaBHOCTH. Mbl
He MOHCeM 6ecnpepblBHO nOAAepHCHBaTb CBSl3b C AecaHTHblM
Kopa6neM (,lJ,K). TonbKO BpeMSI OT BpeMeHH neperOBapHBaeM-
CJI C HawHMH APY3bSlMH: KopOTKHe paAHOBonHbl, npOHHKalO-
I1.IHe CKB03b BeHepHaHCKHe TY4H, He MorYT np06HTbCJI CKB03b
n04BY, KorAa MeHCAy «CCCP-B4» H ,lJ,K HaxoAHTCSI caMa nnaHe-
Ta.
nocne AnHTenbHoro nepepblBa paAHOCBSl3b onSlTb HanaHCH-
BaeTCSI.
.:....... -
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"...pHT ,lJ,K. rOBOpHT ,lJ,K. OTBe4ai1Te! OTBe4aHTeh,
OKa3bIBaeTCJI, HaWHM APY3bJlM npHwnOCb TyrO. 04YTHB-
WHCb B 6e36pe)f(HOM OKeaHe BeHepHaHCKHX TY4, OHH AOn)f(Hbl
6blnH BeCTH 60H C HeBHAaHHOH CTHXHeH. nOA KpblnbJlMH HX
nnaHepa 6yweBan BeTep, CKOpOCTb KOToporo 60nee 4eM B
100 pa3 npeBblwana CKOpOCTb yparaHHoro WKBana. I1x OKpy-
HCana 6e33Be3AHaJi H 6e3nYHHaJi H04b: y BeHepbl BeAb !-leT
cnYTHHKa, KaK y HaweH nnaHeTbl, a 3Be3Abi He BHAHbl CKB03b
rYCTOH 06na4HblH nOKpOB. nonb3YJlCb conpOTHBneHHeM aT-
Moc<!>epbl, AecaHTHblH Kopa6nb 6narononY4HO COBepWHn
nocaAKy Ha nOBepXHOCTH, HaXOAJlUleHCJI cei14ac B 30He AHJI,
KaK :no 6bln0 npeAYCMOTpeHO. OAHaKO Ha nOArOTOBneHHblH
B03ne «CCCP-B3» KOCMOApOM AecaHTY He YAanoCb cnYCTHTb-
CSI, H 3KHna)f(H ABYX Kopa6neH OKa3anHCb AaneKO APyr OT APY-
ra. 3TO cepbe3HaSi HeYAa4a. ,lJ,ecaHTHoMY Kopa6mo npHwnoCb
3aTpaTHTb BeCb 3anac pe3epBHoro TonnHBa, 4T06bl BHOBb
B3neTeTb H onycTHTbCSI Ha nOAroToBneHHblH 3apaHee KOCMOA-
pOM.
"CCCP-B4», 17 AHBapA 1998 rOAa. nOAroToBKa "CCCP-B3»
K oTneTY, B3neTY, KoppeKTHpoBKe TpaeKTopHH - CKonbKO
BonHeHHH, 3aTpa4eHHoH 3HeprHHI TeM 60nee, 4TO Bce CAena-
HO B KpaHHeH cneWKe! On03AaB Ha MOMeHT, HaM He AorHaTb
3eMnH... K C4aCTblO, Bce 3TO y>Ke n03aAH: ABa HaWHX Kopa6nJl
APYHCHO M4aTCJI BOKpyr BeHepbl. BeCb 3KHna)f( "CCCP-B3»
nepenpaBnSleTCSI Ha Haw Kopa6nb...
"CCCP-B4». 18 AHBapA 1998 rOAa. Mbl Ha 4 °15' BnepeAH
3eMnH; HaCTano BpeMJI oTnpaBneHHSI B 06paTHblH nYTb!


OT n03TH
ECKOrO HE3HAHHSI
K HAY
HOMY 3HAHHIO


B HaY4Ho-<!>aHTacTH4ecKoM penopTaHCe
«Ha 30B C BeHepbl» Hcnonb30BaHbi HAeH
A. A. WTepH<!>enbAa, KOTopble n03HCe,
B 1955 rOAY, 6YAYT H3nOHCeHbi B HaY4HoH
CTaTbe ,,0 CKa4Ko06pa3HOM cOKpaUleHHH
AnHTenbHoCTH MeHCnnaHeTHblX 3KcneAH-
LlHH npH nOCTeneHHOM YBenH4eHHH CKO-
pocTeH OTneTa». 3TH )f(e HAeH pa3BHBa-
nHCb H B HaY4Ho-<!>aHTaCTH4eCKOM penop-
TaHCe A. A. WTepH<!>enbAa «MapCHaHCKHe
cnacaTenbHble 3KcneAHLlHH», ony6nHKo-
BaHHOM B nonbCKOM )f(ypHane "np06ne-
Mbl» B 1961 rOAY. CYTb TaKOBa.
BpeMJI MeHCnnaHeTHoH 3KcneAHLlHH
cKnaAblBaeTcSI H3 BpeMeHH nepeneTa '<TY-
Aa» (3eMnSi - nnaHeTa), BpeMeHH npe-
6blBaHHSI Ha nnaHeTe, BpeMeHH nepene-
Ta «06paTHO» (nnaHeTa - 3eMnSl).
A. A. WTepH<!>enbA paccMaTpHBaeT CHM-
MeTpH4Hbie TpaeKTopHH noneTa "TYAa»
H «06paTHO»; nepeneTbl cOBepwalOTcSI no
AyraM KennepoBblx 3nnHnTH4eCKHX Tpa-
eKTopHH, npH4eM Ayra noneTa «TYAa»
cHMMeTpH4Ha Ayre noneTa ,co6paTHO»,
H BpeMSI noneTa no KaHCAoH H3 Ayr OAH-
HaKOBO. 3TO BpeMSI (H AnHHa AyrH)
onpeAenSiIOTcJI TeXHH4eCKHMH B03MOHC-
HOCTSlMH paKeTbl, a HMeHHo, cTapToBoH
CKOpOCTblO, KOTOpylO paKeTa MOHCeT pa3-
BHTb.
BpeMSI HCe npe6blBaHHSI Ha nnaHeTe
onpeAenSleTcSI TaK Ha3blBaeMbiM nepH-
OAOM Bb')f(HAaHHSI pacnOnO)f(eHHSI nnaHeT,
6naronpHSITHoro AnSI B03BpaUleHHSI no
.HaMe4eHHoH 3apaHee Ayre 3nnHnca. Mo-
HCeT oKa3aTbcSI, 4TO He06xoAHMblH ne-
pHOA BblHCHAaHHSI paBeH CHHoAH4ecKoMY
nepHoAY - TO OCTb BpeMeHH, npOTeKalO-
UleMY MeHCAy ABYMSI nocneAOBaTenb-
HblMH OAHHaKOBblMH OTHOCHTenbHblMH
nonOHCeHHSlMH nnaHeT. jlCHO, 4TO B :nOM
cnY4ae MOHCHO He HCAaTb OTneTa LlenblH


56


- CTpaHHoe B03BpaUleHHe,- CKa3an 6bl 3eMHOH nYTe-
weCTBeHHHK.- nOCMOTpHTe Ha KapTY ConHe4HOH CHCTeMbl.
BeAb Bbl He B03BpaUlaeTeCb, a r:lpOAOn)f(aeTe neTeTb BnepeAI
TaK MbI H BepHeMCSI. Ho, rnSlAJI Ha KapTY, He 3a6b1BaHTe, 4TO
3eMnSi TOHCe Bce BpeMSI ABHH<eTCJI BnepeA. MapwpYT HaweH
3KcneAHLlHH B Me)f(nnaHeTHOM npOCTpaHCTBe HanOMHHaeT
04epTaHHe 6pOBeH, coeAHHeHHblX nepeHOCHLleH; B Ha4anbHOH
H KOHe4HOH T04Ke HaXOAHTCSI 3eMnSi B MOMeHT OTneTa H npH-
3eMneHHJI, nocpeAHHe - BeHepa.
,lJ,aBHo YHCe He cnblweH WYM ABHraTenSi. Mbl nOKHAaeM Be-
Hepy CO CKOpOCTblO 17,6 KM/C. CeH4ac 3Ta CKOpOCTb YHCe CH"'-
3HnaCb Ha 1 /5.
npOBepJleM HcnpaBneHHYIO TpaeKTopHIO. 3KcLleHTpHcHTeT
AyrH 3nnHnca, no KOTOpOH Mbl cneAyeM, paBeH 0,4. 3TO
npaBHnbHol npaBHnbHbl TaK)f(e CKOpOCTb H HanpaBneHHe ABH-
HCeHHSI. Ha 60PTY Kopa6nSl HaCTpoeHHe KaK Henb3J1 nY4we.
..CCCP-B4», 10 MapTa 1998 rOAa. CnaBHaSi rOAOBUlHHa: pOB-
HO ABa rOAa TOMY Ha3aA HaWH APY3bSl H3 «CCCP-B3» nOAHJI-
nHCb C nOBepXHOCTH 3eMnH. OHH, KOHe4HO, He OH<HAanH paHb-
we BpeMeHH BepHYTbCSI AOMOH.
30 M8pTa 1998 rOAa. Mb' CHOBa B MOCKBe - Mbl C4aCTnHBbli
,lJ,a He TonbKO nOTOMY, 4TO C 4eCTbIO BblnOnHHnH Haw Aonr:
4enoBeK, cOBepwaBwHH KOCM...4eCKoe nyrewecTBHe, Apyr...-
MH, 60nee nI06J1U1HMH rna3aM... CMOTpHT Ha He60, ApyrHMH,
60nee nI06J1U1HMH rna3aMH CMOTpHT Ha POAHYIO nnaHeTy.


CHHOAH4eCKHH nepHoA, a cTapToBaTb He-
MeAneHHo.
Ha 3TOH KonnH3HH H nocTpoeH paccKa3
WTepH<!>enbAa. B ynoMSIHYTOH Bblwe
CTaTbe A. A. WTepH<!>enbAa «0 CKa4KO-
06pa3HoM cOKpaUleHHH AnHTenbHocTH
MeHCnnaHeTHblX 3KcneA"'LlHH npH nOCTe-
neHHOM YBenH4eHHH CKopocTeH OTneTa»
npHBeAeHbl pe3ynbTaTbi nepeneToB no
MapwpYTY 3eMnSi - BeHepa - 3eMnSi.
1013 HHX BHAHO, 4TO He60nbwoe YBenH4e-
HHe TeXHH4eCKHX B03MOHCHOCTeH paKeTbl
(CKOpOCTH OTneTa Ha BenH4HHY nopSiAKa
2 KM/C) MO)f(eT npHBeCTH K nSlTHKpaTHOMY
cOKpaUleHHIO AnHTenbHOCTH nepeneTa
3KcneAHLlHH (npHToM cKa4Ko06pa3HoMY).
CnacaTenbHaSi 3KcneAHLlHSI neTHT KaK pa3


7-8 anpenR 1954 rOAa


no pacc4HTaHHoH aBTopoM TpaeKTopHH.
POMaHTH4ecKHe npeAcTaBneHHJI 0 nHno-
THpyeMblx 3KcneAHLlHSlX Ha AaneKHe nna-
HeTbl Hb'He CMeHHnHCb Tpe3BblMH peanH-
3aLlHJlMH noneTOB 6ecnHnoTHblx aBTOMa-
TH&jeCKHX annapaToB - HccneAoBaTeneH
nnaHeT, KaK, HanpHMep, 6necTSIUle 3aAy-
MaHHOH H OCYUlocTBneHHoH 3KCneA...LI......
«Bera» no MapwpYTY 3eMnJl - BeHe-
pa - KOMeTa ranneSi. Ho He HaAO 3a6bl-
BaTb, 4TO ycnexH B HccneAOBaHHH H OC-
BoeHHH KOCMoca 6a3HpYlOTCJI Ha TpYAax
nHOHepOB KOCMOHaBTHKH.


BnaAIoIMloIp liEnEI.I.KHft,
npo<!>eccop


A. npOCTEB. B3rftSiA . KOCMOC IClJNrYPHo-ClJopMaTHaA OftTN"eCKaA KOMft03MI4MAI. Oc06b,e
npe,qcTaBneH"JI 0 npoCTpaHcTBe, nepcneKT"Be, I.jBeTe .. tPopMe pO>K,qaeT B c03HaH.... xy,qO>K-
HHKOB TeMa KOCMoca. B caMOM p,ene, KaK B ycnoBHJlx .qnHTen&Hb'X KOCMH'IeCKHX noneTOB '1e-
nOBeK 6y.qeT BocnpHHHMaTb TO, '1TO Ka)f(eTCJI CTOnb npHBblLlHbJM 3.qeCb, Ha 3eMne1 Bepx H HH3,
6nH3Koe H .qaneKoe, TJUf(enoe H nerKoe Heo,HOf.qaHHO MorYT nOMeHJlTbCJI MeCTaMH, a npHBbJ"IHaJl
raMMa I.jBeTOB - B,qpyr CMeH..TbCJI "HO;;. 111 nOTOMY Y>Ke ce;;'Iac Xy,qO>KHHK rOTOB..TCJI K 6y,qy-

eMY «B3rnJl,qy B KOCMOCJ> - 'Iepe3 Bo06pa>KaeMb';; ..nnIOM"HaTOp KOCM"'IeCKOrO Kopa6nJl.
TO'lHee - 'Iepe3 «OKHOJ> TBOp'leCKOrO Bo06pa>KeH"",


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