img001
img003
img004_1L
img004_2R
img005_1L
img005_2R
img006_1L
img006_2R
img007_1L
img007_2R
img008_1L
img008_2R
img009_1L
img009_2R
img010_1L
img010_2R
img011_1L
img011_2R
img012_1L
img012_2R
img013_1L
img013_2R
img014_1L
img014_2R
img015_1L
img015_2R
img016_1L
img016_2R
img017_1L
img017_2R
img018_1L
img018_2R
img019_1L
img019_2R
img020_1L
img020_2R
img021_1L
img021_2R
img022_1L
img022_2R
img023_1L
img023_2R
img024_1L
img024_2R
img025_1L
img025_2R
img026_1L
img026_2R
img027_1L
img027_2R
img028_1L
img028_2R
img029_1L
img029_2R
img030_1L
img030_2R
img031_1L
img031_2R
img032_1L
img032_2R
img033_1L
img033_2R
img034_1L
img034_2R
img035_1L
img035_2R
img036_1L
img036_2R
img037_1L
img037_2R
img038_1L
img038_2R
img039_1L
img039_2R
img040_1L
img040_2R
img041_1L
img041_2R
img042_1L
img042_2R
img043_1L
img043_2R
img044_1L
img044_2R
img045_1L
img045_2R
img046_1L
img046_2R
img047_1L
img047_2R
img048_1L
img048_2R
img049_1L
img049_2R
img050_1L
img050_2R
img051_1L
img051_2R
img052_1L
img052_2R
img053_1L
img053_2R
img054_1L
img054_2R
img055_1L
img055_2R
img056_1L
img056_2R
img057_1L
img057_2R
img058_1L
img058_2R
img059_1L
img059_2R
img060_1L
img060_2R
img061_1L
img061_2R
img062_1L
img062_2R
img063_1L
img063_2R
img064_1L
img064_2R
img065_1L
img065_2R
img066_1L
img066_2R
img067_1L
img067_2R
img068_1L
img068_2R
img069_1L
img069_2R
img070_1L
img070_2R
img071_1L
img071_2R
img072_1L
img072_2R
img073_1L
img073_2R
img074_1L
img074_2R
img075_1L
img075_2R
img076_1L
img076_2R
img077_1L
img077_2R
img078_1L
img078_2R
img079_1L
img079_2R
img080_1L
img080_2R
img081_1L
img081_2R
img082_1L
img082_2R
img083_1L
img083_2R
img084_1L
img084_2R
img085_1L
img085_2R
img086_1L
img086_2R
img087_1L
img087_2R
img088_1L
img088_2R
img089_1L
img089_2R
img090_1L
img090_2R
img091_1L
img091_2R
img092_1L
img092_2R
img093_1L
img093_2R
img094_1L
img094_2R
img095_1L
img095_2R
img096_1L
img096_2R
img097_1L
img097_2R
img098_1L
img098_2R
img099_1L
img099_2R
img100_1L
img100_2R
img101_1L
img101_2R
img102_1L
img102_2R
img103_1L
img103_2R
img104_1L
img104_2R
img105_1L
img105_2R
img106_1L
img106_2R
img107_1L
img107_2R
img108_1L
img108_2R
img109_1L
img109_2R
img110_1L
img110_2R
img111_1L
img111_2R
img112_1L
img112_2R
img113_1L
img113_2R
img114_1L
img114_2R
img115_1L
img115_2R
img116_1L
img116_2R
img117_1L
img117_2R
img118_1L
img118_2R
img119_1L
img119_2R
img120_1L
img120_2R
img121_1L
img121_2R
img122_1L
img122_2R
img123_1L
img123_2R
img124_1L
img124_2R
img125_1L
img125_2R
img126_1L
img126_2R
img127_1L
img127_2R
img128_1L
img128_2R
img129_1L
img129_2R
img130_1L
img130_2R
img131_1L
img131_2R
img132_1L
img132_2R
img133_1L
img133_2R
img134_1L
img134_2R
img135_1L
img135_2R
img136_1L
img136_2R
img137_1L
img137_2R
img138_1L
img138_2R
img139_1L
img139_2R
img140_1L
img140_2R
img141_1L
img141_2R
img142_1L
img142_2R
img143_1L
img143_2R
img144_1L
img144_2R
img145_1L
img145_2R
img146_1L
img146_2R
img147_1L
img147_2R
img148_1L
img148_2R
img149_1L
img149_2R
img150_1L
img150_2R
img151_1L
img151_2R
img152_1L
img152_2R
img153_1L
img153_2R
img154_1L
img154_2R
img155_1L
img155_2R
img156_1L
img156_2R
img157_1L
img157_2R
img158_1L
img158_2R
img159_1L
img159_2R
img160_1L
img160_2R
img161_1L
img161_2R
img162_1L
img162_2R
img163_1L
img163_2R
img164_1L
img164_2R
img165
img166

Автор: Хейг К.  

Теги: история   политика   история англии  

ISBN: 5-222-00098-2

Год: 1997

Похожие

Возникновение английского парламента.

Английская литература и английский национальный характер

Мир английского манора

История Англии и английского народа.

Текст
                    lt 7c:JI lM.CTOPHH


CEPIUI
HPHCTOdU!P Xeiir
EIIH3ABETA I
~ AHrIIHR CKAR 9l
PocToB-na- .IJ:ouy
«<l>CIIHKC,.
1997


BBK 63.3(03)
X35
X35
TiepeBO~ C aHrJII1HCIWrO
MHnhrx H.r.
Xeiir K.
EJIH3aBeTa I AH:rJIHRCKa.H. CepH.H <•CJie.o;
B HCTOPHH •>. PocToB-Ha-,D;oHy: <• ci>eHHKC•>,
1997.
-
320 c.
Tiepe,q aaMH - He 6Horpaqmn E;maaaeTbi I. Cero,qHR Hx Hannca-
HO O•JeHb MHOrO. AllTOp ITOITbiT3JICR pR3HOCTOpOHUe ITp08HfiJIH31ipOB3Tb
OITb!T llOJIHTii'leCKOH BJifiCTH EJIH33BeTbi. TiocJie,qHHe HC1'0pH'IeCKHC HC-
CJie,qOBfiHiiR - 06 apCCTC pbRHbiX !1pOTCCT8HTOB, 0 MfiXHH3~HRX ITOJIH-
THKOB a CoaeTe, cy,qe H napnaMenTe, o nnaHnpoaaHnli H npoae,qeHHH
BOeHHbiX 1i MOpCKHX KfiMIT3HHH - li3MeHHJIH TOT yroJI 3pCIIHR, IIOA
I\OTOpb!M Tpa;~n~HOHHO paccMaTpHaaJiacb JIIi'IHOCTb EJIH3aaeTbi.
AnTop He ~aAn~· cao10 repomno H aaqacTy!O ynpeKae·r ec 11 6ea,qe-
JIHH. Ho aa 45 neT, KOTOpJ.TC upoaena EnHaaaeTa Ha 6ecnoKoiinoM aH-
rJIHHCI,OM TpO!!e, CH ITJlHIIIJIOCb pemaTb DOnpOCbl, CBR3fiHIIblC C 33MY·
)1\eCTBOM, llftCJIC/~OB3l!HeM, peJ!Iil'il03HOH 1i IIOJIHTII'ICCKOif OITI1031i~HeH
H yrpoaoif Ha-aa I'fJfiHHI\hi.
flo rnaBHaH npo6J1CMa, JWTOfJY!O elf npe,qcTO.H.llO peumTh -
npo-
6neMa BJJaCTH.
8Ta 1omra paccKa)IWT o ·roM, ItaK e1'i YAfiB3JIOCb YJICpnmaaTb TY
Or.paHii'ICHHYIO DJI3CTb, KOTOpOH OH3 o6JJa,llaJia.
JCuHra 6y,qeT mnepecua umpoKoMy I<pyry 'IH'J'aTeJiei1.
ISBN 5-222 -00098 -2
BBK 63.3(03)
<D Longman Group UK Limited 1988
© IlepellOJI: M:!Uih!X n.r., 1997.
© 0<I>opMJieHHe: natr.wreJ!hCTBO
41¢eHHKC&, 1997.


OrAaBAeHMe
IlpeaucAotJue ......................5
BueAeHHe ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7
fAaoa I. KopoAeoa J1 rrpecTOJ\ ••..•....•• 15
fAaoa II. KopoAena J1 n;epKOBb ...••.....• 49
fAasa III. KopoAeBa J1 3HaTb ...••••...•.. 85
fAasa IV. KopoAeBa J1 ConeT . .......... 117
fAasa v.KopoAesaJ1ABopIIIIIIIIIIII151
f J\aBa VI. KopoAena J1 rrapAaMeHT ........ 187
fAaoavn.KopoAenaJ1apMHHIIIIIIIIIII219
fAasaVIII.KopoAeoaJ1HapoAIIIIIIIIIII251
3aKJ\IOtJ:eHHe••••..• .••• .•••••••••• .••285
Xp01wAozu-tecuaR ma6Au~a
303
313


TIPEAMCAOBME
.l(aHHaJI KHMra - He 6Morpa<l:>M5I EJIM3aBeThi I. K
CerO,nH5IIIIHeMy ,nHIO MX HaiiMCaHO CJIMIIII<OM MHOfO.
ABTop rrorrhiTaJICJI c,neJiaTb anaJIM3 orrhiTa rroJIMTWiec-
Ko:H: BJiacTM EJIM3aBeThi. ITocJie,nnMe MCTopw:IecKMe Mc-
CJie,noBaHMJI - 0 IIOCT05IHHOM BJIM5IHMM KaTOJIMIJ;M3Ma
M apeCTe pb5II-IbiX IIpOTeCTaHTOB, 0 pOJIM apMCTOKpa-
TMM, o MaXMHal{M5IX IIOJIMTMKOB B CoBeTe, cy,ne M rrap-
JiaMeHTe M 0 IIJiaHMpOBaHMM M IIpOBe,neHMM BOeHHbiX
M MOpCKMX KaMIIaHMH - M3MeHMJIM TOT yroJI 3peHM5I,
rro.n KOTOpbiM paccMaTpMBaJiacb EJIM3aBeTa. Mbi, Kpo-
Me rrpoqero, IIO,nOIIIJIM K 6oJiee IIOJIHOMY M rJiy6oKOMY
IIOHMMaHMIO TOfO, l:JTO MO)KHO 6biJIO O)KM_naTb OT )KeH-
ll{MH B XVI BeKe, M Toro, KaK HeKoTophie M3 HMX
crrpaBJI5IJIMCb c ,norMaTOM, HaB5!3aHHbiM MY)Kl:JHHaMM.
ITpo6JieMhi, c I<OTOpbiMM rrpMIIIJIOCb CTOJIKHYTbCH EJIM-
3aBeTe BO BpeM5I uapCTBOBaHM51, Terrepb rrpe,nCTaBJI51-
IOTC5I (rro Kpa:H:He:H: Mepe, Mne) 6oJiee r Jiy6oi<HMM M
OTJIMl:JHbiMM OT MCCJie,nOBaiiiibiX B Hayl:JHbiX 6Morpa-
<PM5IX • 0HM CB5!3aHbl He TOJibKO C BOIIpOCaMM ee 3a-
My)KeCTBa, HaCJie,nOBaHli5I, peJIMfU03HOH, IIOJIMTMl:JeC-
KOH OIIII03MIJ;MM M yrp03aMM M3-3a rpaHMUbl, HO eme M
C TeM, KaK CH IIpMXO,nMJIOCb IIpHHMMaTb peiiieHM§I M
BOIIJIOll{aTb MX B )KM3Hb. EJIM3aBeTa CTOJIKHyJiacb ne
TOJibKO C rrpo6JieMaMM IIOJIMTMKH, IIO M C rrpo6JieMaMM


nJJaCTH: uTa Kmtra paccKa3hmaeT o TOM, KaK eii yJJ.a-
naJIOCb y;~cp)lomaTh TY orpan:w-rcmryro BJiaCTh, KoTo-
PYiO ana HMCJia.
51 6JraroJJ.apcn KdiTy Po66rmcy, KOTOpbiH npeJJ.-
.rrmror:r MIIC nanneaTh :ny I<HHry, 11 MJJJ.aTCJihCTBY
<<JlOHfMJll» 3a IIOMO~b B 6biCTpOM OCYJJl.CCTBJICHHH
!l~uncro Jai\JI;lCJia. To'JJG:l 3pemrB, BbiCI<a3anrraB B Krm-
re, cq;opllmpoBaJiaCh no;.( no:3JJ.cikTBIICM 6cceJJ. c CM-
MOIIOM A;taMCOM 1 TiaTpHQMe1i KpocpopJJ., )J>r<ccpcpM
3.TITOHOM I Mai1KJIOM fpeiiBCOM 1 3mtc BoJIJI 11 fcnp11
YHJihHMCOM 1 a TaJ<)l(e I<OMMCHTapHeB 1 BhiCKa3amrbiX
CTYJJ,CIITaMH 0Kccpop)J.a BO BpeMB JICKI.(HH B 1987 fOJJ.Y.
5I 6Jiaro,UapiO BCCX IIa3Balll-IhlX l1 HClia3BaHI-IbiX, KTO
flOMOf B C03)J.()JIHH KHHfH. 11 1 HaKOHCll 1 H 6Jiaro;~apiO
JlrocM 11 3MH.Tm Xut'! I KOTopbiC JJ.06po;~yumo nanoMH-
HaJm MIIC 0 TOM, '-ITO CJIOBOnpOI.~CCCOp MQ)I<IIO TaiOKe
MCnOJib30BaTb )J,JIH KOMflhiOTCpHblX Mrp.
K.A.X.
B npzu-te'l.lmtwtx u ccbuucax G 1W1tl~e uzaa yuuaep-
cwnemcJwe uJoame;rvcmaa o6oJuazteJtbt mollb'KO no
Jltccmy ux pacno;tO)JWltuR, Jtanpu;o.wp, 0Kccpopo 6Jitec-
nw OKcrpopocKoe ymwepcumemcKoe u3oameJLbcmeo.


BBEAEHJ1E
B cy66oTy 30 anpeJHI 1536 ro.n:a EmnaBeTa TIO-
.n:op OKa3aJiaCb 3a)l(aTOH B pyKaX MaTepM B TO BpCM.H,
KaK ee pO,ll;MTCJili CTIOpMJIM tiepe3 OTKpbiTOC 01010
fpMHBwicKoro ,n:Bopna. KopoJieBa Amra no,n:miJia Ha
pyKaX pe6eHKa, KOTOpOMY TOr,n:a 6biJIO ,n:Ba C ITOJIO-
BMHOH ro,n:a - TaK OHa XOTeJia OKa3aTb ITCMXOJIOfM-
tJCCI<Oe ,n:aBJieHMe Ha paccBnperreBrnero I<opoJI.H fen-
pnxa VIII. Ho M BTa MOJib6a ue .n:ocTnrJia u;emr. Tio3-
)I(C B 3TOT :>I<e ,ll;CHb HaLiamiCb apCCTbl CJryr II ,n:py3eH
AHHbi, a BO BTopmii<, 2 Ma.H, caMa I<opoJiena ObiJia
~orrporne11a COBCTHMI<ar.m n OTrrpan;rena B Tayap. B
rronc.n;cJibHHK 8 MaR Army cymvm 3a MHHMyro rocy-
~~apcTBCimyro M3MCHY Ha OCifOBai!II!1 .HBIIO IICTipaB~O­
ITO,ll;06HbiX yJIHK. B cpc;~y 17 Ma.H 6paK rwpo;m 11
AHHbi 6hiJI armymiposau apxv.:emrcKonoM KeriTep6c-
JHI~icrmM (npHtiHHbi TaK mm:or.n;a 11 ne 6LIJIH ooua-
po.n;oBaHbi) H rrprmu;ecca Emt3aBCTa CTana HC3ar<oii-
nopmK.n;ermoii, JIIIlliHBIIlHCb Tai<HM o6pa3oM npasa
npCTCII,ll;OBaTb IIa aHrJIH~fCKYlO I<OpOIIY. LJepC3 J~Ba
,ll;H.H Arura 6brJia o6e3rJiaB.riCrra Ha fpuH Tay:=lp B rrpH-
cyTCTBI1H xpaHHBilldi MOJflJaiHTC ThTC.SI'IIIOI~I TOJiflbi
napo.n;a. B cy66oTy 20 MaH OTCU Em13aBCTbi o6py-
'IIIJICH c ll>r<cilrr Ceiiflryp, ua rwTopo~ cuycnr !l:CC/iT!>
/(I!C(l /KCIIHJIC51. rcupaxy VIJI llOTpc6oHaJICH JVfCC5P{,


1-IT06bi H36aBHTbC5I OT )J<CIIbl, 06BJmHB CC B fOCy.l{ap-
CTBCliiiOll l13MCHC, flj)HI'OBOj)HTb 3aOAJIO C liCIT I< CMCp-
TIIOii KC:13IIH IICI<OTOj)biX CC li:PY3C~I, AOKa3aTb IIC3a-
KOlii!Oj)Q)KlJ:CIIIIOCTb pc6CIIKa 11 flj)H06peCTI1 IIOBYIO
I<OpOJICBY. 3TO 6biJJa HCOrpaiiJ11-ICHIIa5I BJiaCTb MOIIap-
XHII TIOJI.O]JOB B ACHC'rmm, KOr.l{a 11 ConeT, 11 u.cp-
KOBb, H 3ai<OHbl IIOWIHII5IJIHCb BOJIC KOj)OJ151.
1-Io na;tcmrc AHIIbi EoJre:Hn He rrpolllJIO Tar< cno-
Koihw, I<al< J11Q)KCT Ka3aTbC5I, 11 BCKOpC CaM feiipHX
CTaJI Tai<oii )KC :>I<Cj)TBOH o6CT05ITCJibCTB, KaK 11 6biB-
llla5l KopoJieBa1
• Pa3BOA KopoJreBci<oii ceMbl1 roTo-
BI1JIC5I B TC'-ICIIliC HCCKOJibKI1X HC.l{CJib COI030M KOH-
cepBaHIBHbiX JIOPAOB 11 rrp11ABOpHbiX, APY3b5IMI1 pa3-
BCJI.crmoii (n CKOH'-IaBlllCHC5I) rrepBOH )KCHbi fcHpn-
xa n Hl\mepaTopcKI1M nocJIOM. HoByro npeTeH.l{CHTKY
na 3Baiine KopoJieBci<oii cyrrpyr11 ll:>I<eiiH CeiiMyp
cnertHaJibHO roTOBI1JII1, '-IT06hi rrp11BJIC'-Ib I< Herr BIII1-
Manne I<Oj)OJ15I, paCCTj)011Tb CfO Ilj)I1B5I3aHiiOCTb 11
B036y.l{HTb Bpa:>I<AY I< I<Oj)OJICBC. 3arOBOj)IUlfKI1 IIa-
MCj)CBaJilfCb aliHYJII1j)OBaTb 6paK C DOJICHII, HO 6o-
JICC pa.l{HI<aJibHOC Ilj)C.l{JIO:>I<CIIUC Ilj)11lllJIO C COBCCM
HCO)KH!J,aHHOH cToponhi. ToMac KpoMBCJib, Hei<or.l{a
liOJII1Tlf'ICCKI1H COI03H11K DOJICHH 11 TCTICj)b r JiaBHbiH
yrrpaBJUIIOil{liH .l{CJiaMH I<Oj)OJI5I, j)Cllli1JI 1136aBlfTbC5I
OT AHIIbi naBcer.l{a, B03MO)I<IIO, rroTOMY 'ITO ona cTo-
5l.Tia Ha rryni IIaMC'-IaBlllCfOC5I COI03a C HMnepaTOj)OM
I(a pJIOM V. On nJiamrponaJI o6n:mmTb Anny B MII o-
ro•mcJICIIIIbiX HapymcmUIX cynpy)KCCKOH BCj)IIOCTH
(II KpOBOCMCliiCIIHH), '-ITO, TIOMIIMO Hp01ICI'O, .l{aBa-
JIO B03li10:>I<HOCTb CMCCTIITb C JtOJI)J<IIOCTH IICI<OTOj)biX
CC COI03IIlli<OB. Jl)KC~IH 11 CC 1tPY3h5l IIaCTpaiiBaJIH
fcnpuxa npoTIIB AIIIIbi, a KpoMBCJib rrpe.l{cTaBHJI
KYIHYa3IIbiC 3anrphmam15I KaK li:OI<a3aTCJibCTBa II3-
MCIIbi.


R ======B=B=e=A=e=H=H=e====== B
Mbi He 3HaeM, y.n.aJIOCb JUI 3aCTaBaTb fcHpii·
xa VIII nporJIOTI1Tb nee ::>TH HeooociiOBaHHbiC o6su·
HCHHR B anpcc Amibi. CKopce nccro npcJICCTH )l)Kcihl
n 3a.D.cToe MY)KCKoe caMOJno6Hc 3acTaBHJm ero IIOIJC·
p11Tb B To, t.ITO )KClla o6MaiibiBaeT cro c npyntMH My)f<·
t.mHaMH. Ho ne:ikTBOBaJI fellp11X, OC3YCJIOBIIO, TaK,
IG.tK 6y.D.TO BCC ::>TO 6biJIO npaB;~oii: Oil })bl,l(aJI, MCT<l.TI·
C51 B 5IpOCTI1 11 CaMOJIHl.!HO na6JIIO,ll,aJI 3a npHrOTOBJIC·
III15IMI1 K cyny 11 Ka3HH. EcJm fenp11x .n.dicTBI1TCJihiiO
TIOBCpHJI HaBeTaM, TO OH 6biJI, liO)f<aJiyH, O,li,HHM JI3
HCMHor11x nonepHnnmx. CBI1.ll.CTCJihCTBa nponm Amibi
6biJII1 Hey6e,li,11TCJibHbiMH 11 OCIIOBaHbiMH JIH60 Ha npH-
3IJaHI15IX, C,li,CJiaHHbiX TIO,ll, TihiTKaMI1, JIH60 Ha 11CKa-
)f(CHHOM npC,li,CTaBJICHI111 BTIOJIHC I-ICBI111HbiX B3<lrH-10·
OTIIOIIICHI1H.
DOJICC KOHKpCTllhiC cpaKTbl 113MCHhl IICJib351 6IJI.IIO
Ct.II1TaTb npasnonono6HbiMI1, noToMy l.JTO B 6oJibi1111II-
CTBe CJiyt.IaCB 06BI1H5ICMbiC HaXO,li,I1JII1Cb B 3TO BpCM51 B
pa3HbiX MCCTax; BTipOt.ICM, TaK11C MCJI0'-!11 HC HIITCpe-
COBaJII1 CY.li.CH, KOTOpbiC OTJIJ1l.IHO 3IJaJII1, t.ITO OT IlliX
Tpe6onaJIOCb. ITpouecc Han AIIHOH11 ec <<coo6mnuKa-
MH~ co nceM: o.._IeBH.lJ.HOCThiO 1J:OKa3aJI, .._ITO, no Kpai:'r-
IICH Mepe, B ll:CJiax o rocy~J:apcTncrmo:i1113Mene Kopo-·
Ha IJ:06bCTC51 CBOCro. B AaiiHOM CJiyt.Iae 11TOr MQ)KIIO
06b5ICH11Tb K03H5IMH cppaKUHOHCpOB, KOTOpbiM y~J:a­
JIOCb 3aTMI1Tb pa3yM KOpOJI51, ChirpaTb na ero t.IYIJCT-
BaX H 3aCTaBI1Tb OTKa3aTbC51 OT )KCIIbi, XOT51 OH IIpO-
IJ:OJI)KaJI JII06HTb ee TIOl.JTH 11:0 KOIIUa CBOHX IJ:IICi:'r.
Ho n 6e3 Toro, ecJin y)f< fenpHx pelllHJI 113oa-
BHTbC51 OT AHI-Ibi, TO CIJ:Ba Jill KTO-Int6y.D.b CMOr 6hi
cMy B ::>TOM noMcmaTh. ConeTIII1KH, KaK npam-IJIO, 6hiJIII
06513aHbl CBOI1M 110JIO)KCIIHCM KOpOJIIO H 605IJIHCb IIO-
TCp51Tb ero (n JIYl.IlllCM cJiy'mc). UcpKonh TaiOKC IIH-
'-ICro IIC CMOfJia 6bi CIJ:CJiaTb - K TOMY BpCMCHH fen-


~ E.1UI3aseTa I AHr.I\HHCKa.sr
~
til~ ======================~Jil
p.HX y)I<C JIIIIUHJT rrany 6c3pa3.UCJTbllbiX IlOJTIIOMQtiJ1H H
CaM CTaJT r JTaBOH aHrJII1lkKOH l{CpKBH. l(QI-ICCpBaTHB-
llhiC CiliiCI<Oilhi He npHHHMaJTH epeTHlJCCKHX Jff{CH
Allllbi, CilHCKOilbi-pecpopMHCTbl IIC CTaJIH IIa CC CTOpO-
IIY H3-3a 6oR3HH Bbi3BaTb TeM caMbiM Kpax PccpopMa-
UlHI. l1Tai<, ToMac KpanMcp, apxiienucKon KeriTep-
6cpuH:crmi1, BbiCJTyuraJT noc;rcnnee npH3HaHHe Amrbi
n 6e3pononro aiiHYJTHponaJT 6paK. He 6biJTO npenRT-
CTBHti H CO CTOpOIIbl 3aKOHa. AHHY CY.UHJT cy.n:, B CO-
CTaB KOTOporo BXO.U11JT11 ee .UHJVI, repuor HopcpOJTK,
JTOpJ{ CnoapT, ee .n:Boropo.n:HbiH 6paT, rpa¢ Cyppei1,
rpacp-MaprnaJT, 11p11C.si:>KHbiC 113 26 113pOB, JTOp.n:-KaHI~­
JICp 11 cyLJ:b11, HO II11KTO 113 Jll1X He p11CKHYJT Bbi3BaTb
rHCB KOpOJT.si, 60.siCb B036yl{11Tb 110.U03petme B 11p11-
lJaCTIIOCT11 K npeCTyllJTCH11.siM, B KOTOpbiX 06BJHI.siJT11
AHny, 11JTH IlOCTaB11Tb IlO.U COMHCH11e pelliCHHC cyna,
y:>Ke Bbmecmero o6Bnnen11e rrpc,u:noJTaraeMbiM mo6o-
BH11KaM Amrbr. TaK )Ke rrocJTyiiiHO 11 napJTaMenT qepe3
IICCKOJTbKO HCJ{eJTb, CJTCJ{Y.si :>KeJTaHI1IO KOpOJT.si, 11CKJTIO-
lJHJT EJT113aBeTy 113 tmcJTa npcTeii,u:enTOB Ha npecTOJT B
noJTh3Y .n:eTei1 .ll)I<cifn CeriMyp HJT11 .n:pyroH: 6y.n:ymei1
I<OpOJTCBbl.
Cynh6a MaTepH EJm3aBeTbi nponeMOHCTp11poBa-
na paBIIO I<aK y.srJBJfMOCTb, Tar< 11 cnJTy Monapxrm Tro-
n:opon. ITyTcM cotreTamm KOHCTHTYI{HOIUIOH BJiaCTH 11
'lHlJHoro WlBJICHH51 fenrmxy VIII y naJTOCb 3aCTaBHTb
ncrroJIHHTb ero :>KeJiaHHe H36aBHTbC5I OT AHHbi, no caMo
~no )I<eJTaHHe 6biJTO IIaB.sr3auo eMy rryTeM yMeJTbiX ~~ei1-
CTBHH concTnHI<OB H rrpHJ{BOpHbiX. He3aBHCHMO OT
Taro, IIaCKOJibKO BCJim<a 6hrJra BJiaCTb Kopo.ri5I Anr-
JIHH, OHa IWXOJtHJJaCb ITOJ~ IICcVOpMaJibi-IhiM BJIH.HJII1eM
oi<py)I<aBmHx ero noJTHTHKOB. ITyTcM oT6opa JTHI{, no-
nyci<aBIIIHXC5I Ha rrpiiCM K I<OpOJIIO, J{OKyMCIITOB, I<O-
TOph!C OH J~OJDKCII 6hiJI 13HJtCTb, IIOJ.Ijl;CJTKOH J~OI<JiaJJ,OB


11 narnerrTbiBaiiMCM noJiyrrpaB.[{bi oKpy)I<eime fenpnxa
yMeJlo yrrpaBJI.HJlO MM. 3TO q)pai<l.{Hmmoe ManMrryJlM-
poamme I<OpOllCM ymT'-ITO)KMJlO Aimy fioJie:Hn B Mae
1536 fO.[{a, TaK )KC, KaK B 1529 fO.[{y JIOKOH'-!H.TIO C
BJlaCTbiO Kap.nunaJra ByJicM, c KOiicepnaTMBHhiMH npa-
raMM Am-Ibi B r-none 1536 11 B 1538 ro11:y H ToMacoM
l{poMBeJieM B 1540. Ila.nermc KpoMBCJHI cTaJlo rrpe.n:-
oCTepe)KCIIMeM .[{Jl.H fenpHxa. IIonbiTI<M cppai<UMii co-
I<pyrnMTb apxHerrMcKona KpariMcpa B 1543 ro.n:y, cnMc-
Korra fap.nunepa B 1544 11 KopoJieny EI<aTepnny Ilapp
B 1546 ro.ny noTepneJIM ncy.na'-Iy. K TOMY apeMCHM,
I<Or;.{a 3/I,OpOBbC I<Op0ll5I yxy/J:lllHJIOCb B 1546 r.,
.[{11-
IIaCH'I.H foaap.noa 6biJla cneprnyTa B pe3yJibTaTe .lLBOp-
uonoro ncpcnopoTa pecpopMIICTaMI1 II3 Taiirmro I<a6M-
IICTa, KOTO}JbiC IIOJIY'-HIJIM KOliTpOJib ITa.[{ MOJlO.[{hiM
uacJIC.[{HHKOM Tpoiia - CbiiiOM .[{)KeitH CciiMyp, 3.ny··
ap,n:OM •
. Mbr oqcJ-Ih MaJro 3HaeM o6 onrorneHHM Emt3aac-
Tbi I< YMCplliCH MaTCpH. fOBOpHJHI, '-ITO OIIa rop.[{H-
JlaCb CBOHM OTI.{OM, HO H l>IaTCpM, KOIIC'-Il!O, IIC CTbi.[{H-
JiaCh. EllM3aBeTa :mror,l.{a noJih30BaJJaCb 3lia'-II<OM AmrLr
DOJICHH - COI<OJIOM, 11 I<Or.[{a 01-Ia CTaJla I<OpOJICBOH,
ce co6cTBCHHbii-'I CMMBOJI - cDemmc, cr<apee ncero,
03Ha'-!aJl, '-ITO OIICl OKOlP-IClTCJibliO onpaBHJiaCb OT y.na-
pa, CB.H3ar-moro c Ka3H:OIO MaTepM. Y EJm3aBCTbi TaK-
)KC 6biJlO KOJibllO C ee llOpTpCTOM, a llCpBbiM apxg··
CJIHCKOilOM l(CIITep6epHHCKI1M ona IIa3IICl'-IMJia K<lliCJl""
llaua* Am-Ibi M3TbiO IIapKcpa, KOTOpbiH HCKpcmre
BCpHJI B TO, -..ITO Amra uopyqHJJa CMY CBOIO .l.{O'-Ib .[{JUI
;~yxonuoro nacTaBHll'ICCTBa. Ec;m Emt3ancTa 11 3a6bi-
JJa 110/{p06ITOCTH IIpOl!ClliC.l{lliHX B 1536 ro.ny C06biTHi'r
K TOMY BpCMCHH, I<aK Olla CTaJia KO}JOJICBOH B 1I0516pe
• ll 1\<lllliOM CJIY'IaC, CDRU(Cllllfll< npH /(OMaUmcii I~Cpl<DH. -
PcCJ.


1558 fO,Ua, TO BCKOpe eM rrpHIIIJIOCb 06 3TOM BCITOM-
Hl1Tb. B cenTH6pe 1559 ro.ua IIIOTJian.n:cKHH 6orocJIOB
AJiei<can.up AJiesHyc, KOTOpbiH rrpHcyTCTBOBaJI B an-
r JIHHCKOM cy11.e B 1536 ro.n:y, l13JIO)Kl1JI CH I10,Up06HOC-
Tl1 pacrrpaBbl C ee MaTepbiO, BKJIIOtiaH TOT cpaKT, tiTO
no npeM5I po,n:HTeJibcKoro crropa EJIH3aBeTa 6biJia
npe,UbHBJieHa fenp11xy VIII B KatieCTBe rrocJie.une:H
l'IOJib6bi. Cy.n:h6a MaTepH rrocJiy)KHJia EJIHsaneTe xo-
poiiiHM ypOKOM TOfO, tiTO )KCHlUHHa B ITOJIHTHKe pHC-
KYCT 6biTb BOBJICtieHI-IOH B ccpepy 3MOIJ;l1H l1 tiTO rrpa-
BHTeJib AHrJll1l1 MO)KeT CTaTb HHCTpyMCHTOM rrpH,UBOp-
HbiX HIUpHraHOB.
MnoroMy naytiHJia EmrsaneTy 11 ee co6cTBeHHaH
)Kl13Hb ITOCJie Ka3Hl1 MaTepH. Bo-rrepBbiX, OHa 6biJia
I1pl13HaHa I-Ie3aKOHHOH, HO BCe )KC L{OtiCpbiO KOpOJI5I,
l1 I10.SIBJI5IJiaCb Ha KOpOJieBCKHX rrpl!eMaX ITO TOp)KCC-
TBeHHbiM CJIYtiaHM; ITOCJie HaCJICL{CTBCHHOfO aKTa 1544
ro.n:a ona 6hiJia TpeTbe:H B p5I.UY rrpeTen.n:enTOB na rrpe-
CTOJI. C 1547 fO,Ua C BOCIIIeCTBMeM Ha rrpeCTOJI ee MJia,U-
IIIero e,UMHOKpOBHOfO 6paTa 3.n:yap.ua* OHa CTaJia BTO-
pOH, rrpe.n:CTaBJIH5I M3 ce65I MHoroo6emaromyro rroJIM-
TMtiecKyiO cp11rypy. IIpan.n:a, e:H rrpMIIIJIOCb samMlUaTb,
BO-rrepBbiX, CBOIO ,UeBMtibiO tieCTb M, BO-BTOpbiX, CBOH
CTaTyc He3aBMCMMOCTM OT I10C5IfaTeJibCTB aM6MIJ;M03-
HOf0 ToMaca Ce:i1:Mypa. C 1553 ro.ua - B 3TO npeM5I
KOpOJieBOH CTaJia ee KaTOJIMtieCKM e,UMHOKpOBHM cec-
Tpa Map11>1** -
EJIM3aBeTa y)Ke cTaJia B03MO)KHOH
rrpeTeH,UeHTKOH Ha TpOH M cpe,UOTO'liMeM Ha,Ue)K,U rrpo-
TMBHMKOB Map1111. B 3TH rO.Ubi EJIMsaneTe rrpMIIIJIOCb
HaytiMTbCH I10,[{03pMTeJibHOCTM M ITOJIMTMtieCKOH OCMOT-
pHTeJibHOCTM. 3aronopbi rrpoTMB MapMM 6pocaJIM TeHb
no.uospeHMH M na EJIHsanery, rro::~ToMy 6oJihiiiYIO qacTb
° Cblll rcnpnxa VIII H .ll:>KCHII CenMyp.
-
Pea.
00
L{o'!b fcupnxa VIII n EKaTepHIIbi AparoncKon.
-
Pea.


BpeMeHH rrpaBJieHHR CBOeli cecTpbl OHa rrpoBeJia Jll'I60
rro.n: Ha,n:3opoM, Jiu6o B H30JIRIJ;HH. Brrpo'!eM, eli y;{a-
JIOCb H36e)KaTb rry6JIH'IH0f0 06BHI-IeHH5! B rrpe,n:aTeJib-
CTBe H coyqacTHH B 3aroBopax: ee rrorryJIRpHOCTb cpe-
,n:u KpHTHKOB pe)KHMa pocJia. EJIH3aBeTa rrpuo6peJia
60JibiiiOe MaCTepCTBO B 6aJiaHCHpOBaHHH Ha IIOJIHTH-
'!eCKOM KaRaTe: eli y,n:aBaJiaCb HpaBHTbCR (HJIH He Hpa-
BHTbCR) Mapuu poBHO HacTOJibKO, 'IT06br coxpaHHTb
MeCTO B 'IHCJie rrpeTeH,n:eHTOB Ha TpOH H B TO )Ke Bpe-
MR He OTTOJIKHYTb CBOHX C06CTBeHHbiX CTOpOHHHKOB
(B OCHOBHOM IIpOTeCTaHTOB).
K oceHH 1558 r. cTaJio RCHO, 'ITO r<opoJieBe Ma-
puu OCTaJIOCb )KHTb He,n:OJifO H 'ITO IIOCJie CMepTH
TpOH rrepeli,n:eT K ee cecTpe. ,l1;oBepeHHbie Jiuu;a EJiu-
3aBeTbi, 'IT06bi rrpe,n:OTBpaTHTb BCRKOe COIIpOTHBJie-
HHe, CTaJIH rrpe,n:ycMOTpHTeJibHO HaJia)KHBaTb CB5!3H
C Ha,n:e)l(HbiMH, BJIHRTeJibHbiMH JIIOJJ:bMH H KOMaH,n:H-
paMH rapHH30HOB. flo Mepe TOrO, KaK pacrrpOCTpa-
HRJIHCb cJiyxu o 6oJie3HH Mapuu, pocJio 'IHCJIO yc-
JIY)KJIHBbiX rroceTHTeJieli EJIH3aBeThi, a BOKpyr ee
,n:oMa B X3TqmJI,n:e e)Ke,n:HeBHO co6upaJIHCb TOJIIIbi
Hapo,n:a. 17 HOR6pR MapHR yMepJia u EJIH3aBeTa 6ec-
rrperrRTCTBeHHO 6biJia rrpOB03rJiaiiieHa KOpOJieBOli.
llepe3 O,n:HI-IHa,n:u;aTb ,n:Heli OHa BCTYIIHJia B ¢opMaJib·
noe BJia,n:eHHe JIOH,n:OHCKHM Tay3pOM, r.n:e ,n:Ba,n:u;aTh
,n:Ba ro,n:a Ha3a,n: 6brJia Ka3HeHa ee MaTh. 3a 3TO Bpe-
MR H3 He3aKOHH0pQ)r<,n:eHHOfO pe6eHKa 06BHHeHHOlf
B HapyiiieHHH cyrrpy)KeCKOM BepHOCTH )KeHII{HHbl OHa
rrpeBpaTHJiaCb B r<opoJieB'y AHrJIHH. Bu,n:HMO, OHa
.[(eliCTDHTeJibHO 6biJia IIOJIHTH'ICCI<HM ¢enHKCOM H
DIIOJIIIe DepHJia B CBOIO ¢opTyHy. He3a,n:OJifO .l{O BOC-
IIIeCTBHR Ha rrpeCTOJI ee IIOCeTHJI HCIIaHCKHli IIOCJiaii-
IIHK, KOTOpbili 6biJI rropa)KeH ee yBepeHHOCTbiO H aB-
TOpHTapiiOCTbiO: OHa .l{eliCTBOBaJia KaK HaCT05Ill{Hli


CHJibHbiH npaBHTCJib. Ho o,n:HospeMCHHO Em-I3aBeTa
6biJia rropmr<,l{eHHCM BCeX CJia6biX MeeT MOHapxm-I TIO-
,n:opoB - TaK )Ke, KaK 01m, OHa JierKo rro,n:,n:asaJiaCb
MammyJiaposamuo co6o:H. Jlytime ,n:pyrHx OHa co-
3HaBaJia HeHa,n:C)I(HOCTb KOpOJICBCKOfO IIOJIO)I(eHH5I l1
rneT na.n: KopoJieBcKoil BJiaCTbiO. Ee rrpasJieHHe eTa-
neT IIOCT05IHI-IOll rrpoBepKOll IIOJIHTHtieCKHX CIIOC06-
HOCTell, KOTOpbie OTTa~mBaJIHCb B Hell rrpeBpaTHOC-
'f5IMH cy,n:b6bi.


flfABA 1
I<OPOAEBA H TIPECTOA
IlpaaJieHHe EJIH3aBeTbi I 6hiJIO ocHoaano Ha HJI-
JII03H~x. 0Ha rrpaBHJla IIpH TIOMOJUH C03,UaHHbiX II pac·
nporrarai-I,n:HpoaaHHhiX ero caMo:H o6pa3oB. Ilpn.n:nop-
Hhie II TIO.[(,UaHHbiC HaXO,UHJIHCb BO BJiaCTH STHX o6pa-
30B, II y)Ke "tJCTbipe CTOJICTH~ OHM BBOMT B 3a6JTy)l(,7J;C-
HHC HCTOpHKOB. IlepB~ HJIJII03H5I CB5I3aHa C TCM, "tJTO
XaOC II KaTaCTpOcpbi ,UOCTaJIHCb CH ITO HaCJIC):(CTBy; BTO-
p~-
"tJTO ee rrpaBJICHJ.IC 03HaMCHOBaJIO 30JIOTOi1: BCK
naumL TeMbl TIO~BHJIHCb cpa3y )KC TIOCJIC BOClllCCT-
BH~ EJIH3aBeTbi Ha TpOH. 14 ~Hnap~ 1559 ro.n:a, -qepe3
8 HC,UCJlb TIOCJIC BOuapeHH~ HOBOH KOpOJICBbl, B JloH-
,UOHC COCTO~JiaCb ee KOponauH~. Ilo BCCMY ropo,n:y
6biJIH OprallH30BaHbl TlbiiiiHbiC rrpOUCCCHH, a BO MIIO-
fHX MCCTaX C03,UaHbl )KJIBbiC KapTHHbl. Bee STO Ha-
f JI~,UHO CBH,UCTCJibCTBOBaJIO 0 Ha"tJaJie HOBOfO rrpaBJIC-
HlUI. )KMB~ I<apnma B KopHXMJIJie rrpe):(cTaBJI~Jia
EJm3anery B ):(eTcme; ee .n:ep)KaJIH "tJCTbipe ¢Hryphr,
O,UCTbiC B KOCTIOMbl l.JCTbipex ,n:o6pO)J,CTCJICH. 0,UHOB-
peMCHHO 3TH .n:o6po.n:eTe.TIH cnepra;m "lleTbipe rrponi-
nocTOJIIIUIX HM rpexa. Kai< rJiaCHJI O'fl.IeT o npmxec·-
nm, B CTIClUHOM nop~JJ,I<C COCTaBJICHJibiH npaBJITCJib·


R ===E=A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=~=cK=a=H==j}jl
CTBCHHbiM ne'IaTIUIKOM, "npase,n;Ha5I peJIJffH5I Jf,li;CT Ha
CMCHY 5I3bi'ICCTBY If HCBC:>KCCTBy; JII060Bb K no,n;,n;aH-
HbiM H,li;CT Ha CMeHy HCTIOBHHOBCIIHIO If Ha,li;MCHHOC'flf;
My,n;poCTb H,li;CT Ha CMeny r JIYTIOCTH If Tll(CCJiaB.VIIO;
cnpaBC,li;JIHBOCTb Jf,li;CT Ha CMeHy HH3KOI10KJIOHHWICCT-
By H B35ITO'IHH'IecTay". Ey,n;ymaH cJiasa TOp:>KeCTBO-
BaJia na,n; 6biBlliHMH ney,n;a'IaMH. B Te'Ieime HCCKOJib-
I<HX ne,n;eJII> cno,n;BII:>KHHKH EJIH3aBeTbi 11epe3 neqaT-
noc cJioBo H nporrose,n;H noJIHBami rp.n3biO ee npe,n;-
llleCTBemmKOB ua Tpone: Tenepb see 6y,n;eT no-,n;pyro-
My, ropa3,n;O JIY'-Illle! .iKHBa5I KapTHHa na <DmiTCTpHT
.:1JIHUeTBOp5IJia co6oi1: e,n;HHCTBO npaB,ll;bl H rapMOHHH:
KOpOJieBa, O,n;eTaJI B napJiaMCHTCKHC o,n;e:>I<,ll;bi, CH,ll;eJia
rro,n; 6H6Jielici<oli na,n;nHCbiO ~L(e6opa, cy,n;bH H socco-
3,n;aTeJib po,n;a H3paHJiesa~ 1 H ,n;asaJia yKa3anm:r :HoMe-
HaM csoero KopoJieBCTBa. EJIH3aBeTa ,n;eMoncTpHposa-
Jia pelliHTeJibHblll pa3pbiB C llpOlliJibiM.
Xonr EJIH3aBeTa H 6hiJia CKJIOHHa K npeyseJIH'-!e-
HH5IM, ee npaBJieHMe ,n;ellCTBHTeJibHO OTJIH'IaJIOCb HO-
BH3HOll. Ilo,n; BH,n;OM Toro, 'ITO Talinbili coseT MapHH
6biJI CJIHlliKOM 6oJiblliHM H pacKOJIOTbiM, EJIH3aBeTa
pacnyCTH.IIa ,li;Be TpeTH ero 'IJieHOB H 3aMeHHJia HX CBO-
HMH C06CTBeHHbiMH pO,li;CTBeHHHI<ar.m, CJiy:>KaiiJ;HMH H
noJIHTH'IeCKHMH cno,n;BH:>KHHKaMH. Bo rJiase HX CT05I-
JIH BHJib5IM CecHJI, HHKOJiac D3KOH H ToMac IlappH.
B Kopo;IeBCI<Hx BJia,n;enH5IX n: rrpH cy,n;e rrepeMeHbi
6biJIH ew:e 6oJiee 3Ha'IHTeJibHbiMH: EJIH3aBeTa OKpy-
)KHJia ce65I JIIO,ll;bMII, KOTOpbiM ona Morna ,n;osep5ITb, B
TOM 'IMCJie pO,li;CTBeHHHKaMH MaTepH H CBOHMH ,li;BOp-
UOBbiMH cJiy:>KaiiJ;HMH. TaK ona co3,n;aJia ,n;OBOJibHO
O,li;HOpO,li;HOe rrpaBHTeJibCTBO, OT JIH'IaBllleeC5I JIH'-IHOll
npe,n;aHHOCTbiO KOpOJieBe H H,ll;eOJIOfH'-!eCKOll npe,n:an-
1-IOCTbiO npoTecTanTH3My, noToMy 'ITO, pacnycKaJI npH-
sep)KCHu;es MapnH, aHa n:36aBHJiaCb OT KaTOJIIIKOB, a


~
KopoAeBa H npecTo.h
~
l:'l~====~JI.!
na3Ha'mB 3a:HOBO neKoTopbiX MHHHCTpoB 3.ayap.n:a VI,
rroJiy'niJia BepHbiX rrpoTecTaHTOB. Ho ne cJie.ayeT
o60JibiUaTbC.H 110 IIOBO.UY HOBH3Hbl H O.[{HOpO.UHOCTH
pe)KJIMa. <<HOBbie JIIO.UH:i> EJIH3aBeTbi 6biJIH 6oJibllleii:
tiaCTbiO OllbiTIIbiMH a,[{MHHHCTpaTopaMH eU{e BpeMeH
3.n:yap.n:a, a rroJIHTwrecKHe coo6pa)KeHH.H IIO.llBHrJill ee
OCTaBMTb HeCKOJibKHX KOHCepBaTHBHbiX COBeTHHKOB.
Menee rrpe.n:aHHbre MapHH ':Il!I-IOBHHKH, KaK, nanpH-
Mep, BHH'IeCTep, Mei1con 11 llHTp, ocTaJIHCb Ha rrpe-
)KHHX ,D.OJI)KHOCT.HX, H, 'ITO CaMOe rJiaBHOe, COXpariM-
JIH CBOH 1103HIJ;HH perHOHaJibHbie MarHaTbl - rpacpbl
}lap611, Illpy36ep11, IleM6pyK 11 Apyn.n:eJI. Co3.n:an11e
IT0.[{06HOfO rrpaBHTeJibCTBa 6biJIO THIIH'!HbiM rrpHMe-
pOM npoBO.UHMoii: EJIH3aBeTOii: noJIHTHKH: rro.n: 3HaMe-
HeM HOBH3Hbl OHa C03.[{aJia COI03 OllbiTHbiX JIIO.[{ell, a
MaCKa rrpoTeCTaHTH3Ma CJIY)KHJia He06XO.[{HMOMY KOM-
rrpOMHCCY c KoncepBaTOpaMH. MonapxH.H na cJIOBax -
3TO 6biJIO O.[{HO ,[{eJIO, a peaJibHa.H IIOJIHTHKa BJiaCTH -
COBCeM .n:pyroe.
BJiaCTb, Bcer.n:a ocTaBaBilla.HC.H BJiacTbiO, cKpbiBa-
Jiacb 3a Maci<oii: pecpopM, a co3.n:aHHbiH EJIH3aBeTOii:
o6pa3 ,[{ellCTBHTeJibHO 6biJI 6JieCT.HIUHM HOBOBBe,[{eHH-
eM. ,l.{HcKpe.n:HTHpy.H CBOHX rrpe.n:IlleCTBeHI-IHKOB H u;e-
JieHanpaBJieHHO OT.[{eJI.H.H ce6.H OT HHX, EJIH3aBeTa Ilbi-
TaJiaCb naii:TH ce6e rro.n:.n:ep)KKY. Bc.H BHHa 3a rrpoHc-
xo.n:HBillHe B KOpOJieBCTBe HeC':IaCTb.H JIO)KHJiaCb B OC-
HOBHOM Ha rrpe)KHHX rrpaBHTeJiell, KOTOpbiX 06BHH.H-
JIH B rrpe.n:annocTH KaTOJIHIJ;H3MY 11 McnaHHH. CMena
rrpaBHTeJI.H, KaK rrpe,llCTaBJI.HJIOCb, CTaHeT pellleHHeM
npo6JieM. EJIH3aBeTe na.n:o 6biJIO OT.UeJIHTb cBoe rrpaB-
Jie:rme OT npaBJieHH.H MapHH, rroToMy 'ITO HX o6oe.n:H-
H.HJIO MHOfO o6ruero: o6e OHM 6biJIH )KeHIUHHaMH, a
HeKOTOpbre MY)K'IHHbi 6biJIH CKJIOHHbi rrpHnHCbiBaTb
TPY.UHOCTH npH u;apcTBOBaHHH Mapm1 ee rrpHna.n:Jie)l<-


~=====E=A=H==3a=B=e=T=a==J==A=H=r=A=H=H=v=CK==aH=====~
HOCTbiO K )KCHCKOMY rroJiy. ToMac DHKOH eme B 1554
fO;'l:y o6pau~aJIC5I K nory C MOJIHTBOH: ~Tbl ITOCTaBHJI
npaBHTb Ha)l: HaMH )KeHIUHHY, KOTOpaH 6biJia C03)l:aHa
To6oil: ;'l:JI5l Toro, t.IT06bi rront.IHHHTbCH MY)Kt.IHHe H KO-
Topoil: Tbl B CBOeM CBHIUeHHOM ITOCJiamm npHKa3a.TJ
xpaHHTb MOJit.Iai-IMe B rrpHCYTCTBHM JIIO)l:eH. 0 rocno-
)l:M! OnmTh HMnepmo y MY)Kt.IMHbi M oTnaTb ee )KeH-
IUMHe Ka)KeTCH BepHbiM 3HaKOM TOfO, l.JTO Tbl npOrHe-
BaJICH Ha nac, aHrJIMt.IaH~ 2 .
DMKOH ITOBTOpMJI CBOM CJIOBa B ne~IaTM B 1563
fO;'l:y 6e3 yi<a3aHHM Ha TO, t.ITO npOTeCTaHTCKaH KOpO-
JieBa 6hiJia JIYt.IIIIe KaTOJIMt.IecKoil: MJIM t.ITO EJIM3aBeTa
6hiJia MeHbiiiMM HaKa3aHMeM, t.ICM MapMH. llpaBJie-
Hne )KCHIUMHbl 6biJIO HapymeHMeM CCTCCTBeHHOfO TIO-
p5I)l:Ka Beiueil: M nomKHO 6hiJIO o65!3aTeJibHO npMBeCTH
K KaTaCTpocpe.
Em·I3aBeTe, KaK M MapMM, npMIIIJIOCb cTOJIKHYTb-
CH C npo6JieMOH C03)l:aHM5I MMM)l:)Ka - o6pa3a, COOT-
BeTCTBYIOIUCfO )KCHIUMHe-rocynapbme. B nponoBeAHX
M Ha3MnaTeJihHOM JIMTepaType aHrJIMt.IaHaM XVI BeKa
npenJiaraJICH H)l:eaJI )KeHIUMHbl, M STO 6biJI M)l:eaJI, KO-
TOpblll He OCTaBJIHJI MeCTa He3aMJ)KHeil: )KeHIUMHe-npa-
BMTeJIIO: )KeHIUMHa )l:OJI):[{Ha 6biTb )KeHOH, MOJJl·IaJIM-
BOH, ITOCJIYIIIHOH 11 )l:OMaiiiHeil:. 0Ha )l:OJI):[{Ha ynpaB-
JIHTb C06CTBeHHOH Kyxneil:, HO y)K HMKaK He C06CTBeH-
HbiM KOpOJieBCTBOM. 3a npeneJiaMM KYXHif ORa nona-
naeT non BJiacTh MY)Kt.IMHbi, noToMy t.ITO cpM3Ht.IecKH,
MHTeJIJICI<ryaJibHO M SMOUMOHaJibHO CTOMT HM)KC ero.
JKeHJJJJ1HC OTBO)l:MJiaCb pOJib naCCHBHaH If ITO)l:l.JMHeH-
HM. Bo Bee BpeMH npaBJieHMH EJIM3aBeTbi nponoBen-
HMKM npO)l:OJI)Ka.'JM HaCTaMBaTb Ha TOM, l.JTO STO 3aH5I-
THC npOTHBOpC~HIT npMpone )KCHIUMHbl, KOTOpaH ,no-
JI)KHa IIpHHa)l:JIC)KaTb CCMbC M ITO)l:'HiHHTbCH DJiaCTll
MY:IKt.IHHbi. Ecmi oua 6e3 ::noro ITOA'-IH.HeHHH ne Mo-


~
Kopo.uua H npecToA
~
l"l'U..====.A>TJI.{
ii<eT yrrpaBJIHTb co6cTBeHHbiM l-J:OMOM, KaK MO)I(eT Emi-
3aBeTa ynpaBJIHTb KOpOJieBCTBOM?
Emi3aBeTy IIOCTOHHHO yrneTaJIO C03Hanne TOro,
1.1To ona «Bcero JIHIIIb~ )I(eHI.l(HHa. B paMKax 3Toro
C03HaHHH ell: Ka3aJIOCb, l.J:TO My)I(qi1Hbl, C KOTOpbiM.H
ell: npHXOl-J:HJIOCb pa60TaTb, CMOTpCJIH Ha Hee KaK Ha
cyll(eCTBO yll(ep6Hoe H HeyMeJioe B CHJIY ee )I(eHCKOH
rrpnpOl-J:bi. Tiol.!Ba ,n:Jin TaKoro oll(yll(eHHH 6hiJia. B 1560
ro.n:y BHJihHM CecHJI ne Ha IIIYTKY pa3rHeBaJicJI, yJ-
naB, l.!TO nocJiaHHHK o6cy)I(,n:aJI c EJiuJaBeTo:H .n:eneiiiy
H3 llapH)I(a, KOTOpaJI 6biJia «CJIHIIIKOM CJIO)I(HOH .l{JIJI
)I(eHcKoro yMa~. B 1592 ro.n:y BbiJICHHJIOCh, l.!TO Jiop.n:-
npe,n:cTaBHTeJib B J1 pJiaH.l{HH BCIO.li:Y IIOHOCHT ee Ha
l.J:eM CBeT CTOHT: «Ax, rJiynaJI 6a6a, OHa BbiBO.l{HT MeHJI
H3 ce6JI CBepx BCJIKOH Mepbr! HH O.l{HH ,n:pyroii MO-
napx B HaiiieM XpHCTHaHCKOM MHpe CO MHOH 6bi TaK
He o6pall(aJICJI~ 3 • Kor.n:a ,n:eJia B KopoJieBCTBe nOIIlJIH
xy)I(e, npHl.!HHOH BCeX 6e,n:CTBHH TOiKe CTaJI iKeHCKHH
noJI KopoJieBbi. B 1597 rony rpacp 3ccei<c roBopuJI
cppaHI.(Y3CKOMY IIOCJiaHHHKy: «llpH .l{BOpe HaM.H py-
I<OBO.l{JIT .l{Be Bell(H - Me.l{JIHTeJibHOCTb H HeiiOCTOJIH-
CTBO. 060HMH Mbl o6JI3aHhl iKeHCKOMY IIOJiy nameii
ICOpOJieBbi~. HH3IIIHe CJIOH HaCeJieHH:JI H BOBCe He Be-
pHJIH B To, l.!TO HMH ynpaBJIHeT iKeHII.(HHa. B 1591
ro.n:y B 3cceKce yTBep)K.l{aJIH, l.!TO KopoJieBa - npo-
CTO MapHoneTKa, yrrpaBJIJieMaJI nspaMH. HeMHOro no3-
:>Ke JIOHJJ:OHcKaJI )KH:TeJibHHI.(a, BrrepBbie yBn,n:aB EJIH-
JaBery, BOCKJiliKHYJia: «BOiKe MOll, KOpOJieBa - iKeH-
Il\liHa! >> - KaK 3TO MOiKeT 6biTb? 4
CaMa EJin3aBeTa nHor,n:a 6hiJia He rrpoqb pa3hir-
parb «qHcTo iKeHcKyiO~ poJib. B 1563 rDl-I:Y B IIaJiaTe
06Il(HH OHa CKa3aJia 0 ce6e, l.J:TO, «6y,n:yqH )lCeHII.(H-
liOM, xoTeJia 6hi o6pecTn yM H rraMJITh>>, n Bbipa3HJia
COfJiaCHe C TeM, qTO MQJiqaJIHBOCTb ,lJ.OJI)KHa 6biTb (<qep-


TOH, eooTBeTeTByiOmeii ee rroJiy~. B 1570 ro.n:y, 6eee-
,n:yH e rroeJiaHHHKOM H3 l1erraHeKnx Hn,n:epJiaH,n:OB,
EJin3aBeTa eKa3aJia eMy, "l!TO ero rrpaBnTeJIIo ~rrpoeTo
rrpHXO.ll:llTeH llMeTb ,n:eJIO e :>KeHlllllHOH~, a eme 1:!epe3
HeeKOJibKO JieT B JIWIHOH MOJillTBe OHa OT03BaJiaeb 0
ee6e KaK 0 ~eJia6oi1: :>KeHlllllHe~ 5. Bee 3TO, KOHC"l!HO,
6biJIO rrpoeTO y,n:o6HOH pOJibiO, HO ,n:a:>Ke KOpOJieBa He
MOrJia rrpeHe6peraTb o6bi"l!a.HMH n nrnopnpoBaTb oT-
Be,n:eHHOe ei1: llMll MeeTO. Brrpol:!eM, 3TO MeeTO He 6biJIO
"lleTKO OIIpe,n:eJieHO: eymeeTBOBaJIO IIpOTllBOpel:!He Me:>K-
,n:y n.n:eaJIOM MOHapxa n n,n:eaJIOM :>KeHlllllHbi. MoHapx
.lJ:OJI:>KeH rrpaBHTb, :>KeHlllllHa .lJ:OJI:>KHa IIO.lJ:"l!llHHTbeH.
,ll:>KOHY HoKey 3TO rrpOTllBOpel:!He Ka3aJIOeb eTOJib O"l!e-
Bll.lJ:HbiM, l:!TO rrpaBJieHHe :>KeHlllllHbi, ITO ero MHeHHIO,
eJie,n:OBaJIO e"l!HTaTb "l!eM-TO ~He,n:orryeTHMbiM~, Hapy-
rnaiOlllllM eeTeeTBeHHbiH rrop.H,n:oK Bemeii. B 1558 ro.n:y
OH orry6JIHKOBaJI ~llepBbiH enrHaJI Tpy6bi~, r,n:e ll3-
JIO:>KllJI eBOll MbieJill Ha 3TOT e"l!eT. OrrpaB,n:biBa.H eBep-
:>KeHHe Mapnn, OH orrnebiBaJI 3a.MernaTeJibeTBO, B KO-
Topoe ero rrpnBeJio BoerneeTBHe Ha rrpeeTOJI eme o.n:-
noii :>KeHlllllHbi. llyTa.Heb B Kpyry ll3Ha"l!aJibHbiX .lJ:OKa-
3aTeJibeTB, HoKe rrneaJI, l:!TO, xoT.H rrpaBJieHne :>KeH-
lllllHbi ll HOellT HeeeTeeTBeHHeH xapaKTep, B eJiy-qae e
EJIH3aBeToi1 Eor e,n:eJiaJI neKJIIO"l!eHne. On rrpn3BaJI
ee, l:!T06bi B03po,n:HTb EBaHreJine. 3To 6biJI rpy6biH
HaMeK Ha To, "l!TO peJinrn.H, nerroBe,n:yeMa.H EJin3ane-
Toi1, MO:>KeT eTaTb KOMIIeHeauneii ee noJia. Cxo:>Kero
MHeHHH rrpn.n:ep:>KnBaJie.H n ,ll:>Kon KaJibBHH: nHor,n:a,
e"l!HTaJI OH, Eor na,n:eJI.HeT :>KeHmnHy oeo6biMH eBoii-
eTBaMH, l:!T06bi OHa, HCeMOTp.H Ha eBOH IIOJI, MOrJia
HeiiOJIHllTb 60:>KCeTBCHIIYIO Mlleemo. 3TllMll apryMei-I-
TaMll -qaeTo IIOJib30BaJiaeb n eaMa EJin3aBeTa. 0Ha
6biJia He ~06bi"l!HOH~ :>KeHlllliHOH, a HeKJIIO"l!eHHCM ll3
rrpamiJI, pacnpoCTpammrnnxc.H Ha Beex :>Kenmnn. Bo3-


~
KopoAeBa H npecToA
~
lll'U. =============:==== A)TJil
MO)KHO, H BHJibRM CecHJI cMoTpeJI Ha Hee KaK Ha
HCKJIIOl.J:eHHe, OTKJIOHeHHe OT ecTeCTBeHHOrO XO,ll;a Be-
ll.(eH. Ho ecTeCTBeHHbiH XO,ll; 6y.n;eT BOCCTaHOBJieH: OH
MOJIHJI Bora, l.J:T06bi TOT «ITOCJiaJI Harneif KOpOJieBe
My)Ka, a CO BpeMeHeM H CbiHa, TOr.n;a Mbl MOrJIH 6bi
Ha,ll;eRTbCR, l.J:TO Harne llOCJie.n;yiOI.l(ee llOKOJieHHe 6y.n;eT
)KHTb llpH rrpaBHTeJie-My)KlfHHe~ 6 •
HeocymecTBJieHHOH H.n;ee:H Tro.n;opoB 6biJio ee 3a-
My)KeCTBO. Bee cornJIHCb B y6e)K.n;eHHH, t.ITO EJIH3aBe-
Te Hy)KeH My)!(. <l>HJIHrrrr II HcrraHcKHH CHHcxo.n;H-
TeJibHO rrpe.n;JIO)KHJI CBOIO KaH,li;H,ll;arypy. 0H XOTeJI
o6Jiert.IHTb rpy3 BJiaCTH, B03JIO)KeHHbiH Ha ero HeBeCT-
KY. «By.n;eT Jiyqrne .n;JIR Hee caMOM H ee KopoJieBCTBa,
-
3aRBHJI OH,
-
ecJIH oHa H36epeT ce6e cyrrpyra,
KOTOpbiH CMO)KeT OCB060,li;HTb ee OT BbillOJIHeHHR 06R-
3aHHOCTeH, rro.n;xo.n;Rll.(HX TOJibKO .n;JIR MY)KlfHHbi~ 7•
HeKOTopbie HCTOPHKH, oco6eHHO coBpeMeHHhie rrHca-
TeJibHH:Ubi-cpeMHHHCTKH, ycMaTpHBaiOT B HaCTORTeJib-
HOM rrpHHY)K,ll;eHHH BbiHTH 3aMy)K rrpORBJieHHe My)K-
CKOrO IIIOBHHH3Ma: EJIH3aBeTa ,li;OJI)!(Ha 6biJia BbiHTH
3aMy)K 3a KOpOJIR, KOTOpbiH 6bi 3aTeM yrrpaBJIRJI CTpa-
HOH. 9To He coBceM BepHo. BHJibRM CecHJI, HHKOJiac
B3KOH H .n;pyrHe, HacTaHBaBrnHe Ha 3aMy)KeCTBe, HH-
qero oT 3Toro He Bhira.n;hiBaJIH, a Hao6opoT, rroTepRJIH
6bi l.J:aCTb CBOero BJIHRHHR. ECJIH 6bi OHH peiiiHJIH, l.J:TO
EJIH3aBeTa He MO)KeT yrrpaBJIRTb CaMa, OHH CKOpee
6bi CTaJIH rrpaBHTb BMeCTO Hee, l.J:eM COrJiaCHJIHCb OT-
.n;aTb BJiaCTb .n;pyroMy "(IeJIOBeKy. Kor.n;a paccMaTpH-
BaJicR 6paK C HHOCTpaHHbiM rrpHH:UeM, COBeTHHKH B3R-
JIH 3a OCHOBY rreperoBopoB 6pat.IHbiH .n;oroBop MapHH
H <l>HJIHITITa l1crraHCKOro, ITO KOTOpOMY MY)!( OTCTpa-
HJIJICR OT rrpaBJieHHR. l1cKaJIH He MOHapxa ,li;JIR KOpO-
JICBbl, a oT:ua ee 6y.n;ymero ChiHa - He rrpaBHTeJIR, a
11pOH3BO,li;HTeJIR.


My)l( AJUI KOpO.lleBbl CTaJI cpe,nCTBOM K AOCT:H)l(e-
HHIO ueJIH. UeJJb cocTO.HJJa B TOM, l.J:T06bi o6pecTH Ha-
_ne)l(Horo nacJJe,nHHKa, a rryTh K 3TOMY Jie)l(aJI qepe3
3aMy)l(eCTBO. B 1559 ro,ny llaJJaTa 06mHH o6paTH-
JJacb K EJIH3aBeTe c Tpe6onaH:HeM o 3aMy)l(eCTBe H
11pO:H3BOACTBe IIOTOMCTBa, a 3aTeM IIp:HCTYIIHJia K o6-
cy)l(_nenniO orpaHHl.J:eHHM, HaJiaraBIIHfXC$1 Ha BJiaCTb
ee B03MO)l(HOro MyJI<a. B 1563 ro,ny llaJiaTa Jiop,noB
B033BaJia K KopoJieBe: d)bJJIO 6bi xoporno, ecJI:H 6hi
Bame BeJIHl.J:eCTBO IIOJKeJiaJI:H BbiiiTH 3aMy)l( IIO CBOe-
My ycMOTpeHmO, r_ne HO)KeJiaeT, 3a KOfO IIO)l(eJiaeT, H
KaK TOJlbKO IIO)l(eJiaeT~. Ho IIOCJie <j>opMa.Tibi-IOll CCbiJI-
KI1 Ha Cl.J:aCTbe KOpOJieBbl CJie,nOBaJI:H :HCTHHHbie IIp:H-
l.J:HHbl HeOOXOAHMOCTH 3aMy)l(eCTBa - IIpOH3BOACTBO
IIOTOMCTBa. B TOM iKe 1563 ro,ny l.J:JieHbl flaJiaTbl 06-
ll.l:HH ~MOJIHJIH Bora CKJIOHHTb cep,nue I<opoJieBbi K
3aMyiKeC'rBy H 6biTb HaCTOJibKO MHJIOCTHBbiM, l.J:T06bi
rrocJiaTb e:H pe6enKa~ 8 • Ha 3ace,naH:H$1X rrapJiaMeHTa
1566 H 1567 fOAOB BHOBb 6biJIO IIpHH$1TO B033Bai-me 0
3aMy)l(eCTBe n BHOBb oroBap:HBaJiacb Ta )l(e rrp:Hl.!:HHa
-
HacJie,nHnK TpoHa. KopoJieBCKHM MY)l( 6biJI rreqaJib-
HOM Heo6xo,n:uMOCTbiO, :HcTnHHo:H ueJibiO 6biJI Kopo-
JieBcKn:H CbiH.
B HHTepecax o6meCTBeHHoro MHenn$1 KopoJiena
fOTOBa 6biJia IIp:H3HaTb, l.J:TO AOJI)l(Ha BbiMT:H 3aMy)l(
AJI$1 6Jiara KopoJieBCTBa. B 1563, 1566 If 1567 ro,nax,
BbiCTYIIM Ha 3ace,naHII$1X rrapJiaMeHTa, OHa fOBOpn-
Jia, l.J:TO, XOT$1 II rrpe,niiOl.J:HTaeT e,nmiOBJI3CTHOe rrpaB-
JieHne, HOBO HM.H CBOIIX HOMaHHbiX COrJiaCHa BbJHTII
3aMyiK. B 1576 ro,ny Jiop,n-xpaHIITeJib MaJio:H rreqaTn
o3KOH 3MBHJI: {<Ee BeJiwieCTBO rropy~mJia MHe coo6-
mnTb, l.J:TO, HeCMOTp$1 Ha ee Jllll.J:HYIO HepaciiOJIOJI<eH-
HOCTb 11 He)l(eJiaJ-Uie BbTXO,l{HTb 33My)l(, OHa, DO MM$1
B3C H ,l{.TI$1 6Jiara KOp0"1eBCTBa, COrJiaCIIa YC'fYTIHTb H


~
KopoAeBa H npecToA
~
l'l~======~Jil
y.n:oaJieTBOpHTh aamy rroKopeyiO rrpoch6y, 6oJiee Toro,
BC.S:PieCKM CO.l{eHCTBOBaTb TOMy, lJ:T06bi 3aMy)KeCTBO
COCTO.RJIOCb~ 9 . Ho K TOMY BpeMeHM HaBp.R,n: JIM KTO-
I-m6y,n:h erue aepMJI eif, .n:a M ona cKopee acero y)Ke He
BepMJia CBOMM o6eruaHM.RM; K 1576, a B03MQ)KHO, M K
1563 ro.n:y, 3aMy)KeCTBO CTaJio .D:JI.R KopoJieBhi cpe,n:CT-
BOM IIOJIMTMlJ:eCKMX MHTpMr, HO HMKaK He MCKpeHHMM
)KeJiaHMeM peliiMTb BOIIpOC C IIOTOMCTBOM.
He.n:ocTaTKa B )KeJiaiOIUMX cTaTb OTU:OM 6y.n:yruero
HacJie,n:HMKa rrpecTOJia, no KpaiiHeif Mepe B HatJ:aJie ee
rrpaBJieHM.R, He 6hiJIO. KaK BIIOCJie.l{CTBMM OTMelfaJI ee
ceKpeTaph BaJibCMHraM, EJIM3aBeTa 6biJia ~caMoif Bbi-
ro.n:Hoif rrapTMeH B OKpyre>) tO M MHCrMe Ha,n;e.RJIMCb 3a-
BOeBaTb ee cep.n:u:e. B rrepBbie He,n:eJIM rrpaaJieHM.R EJIM-
3aBeTbi rpacp ApyH,n:eJI B3.RJI B3aHMhi y MTaJib.RHCKoro
Kyrru:a KpyrrHyiO cyMMY .n:eHer, KOTOpbie rue.n:po Tpa-
TMJI Ha pa3BJietJ:eHM.R M IIO.D:KYII IIO,n:pyr M CJiyr KOpO-
JieBbl, lJ:T06bi OHM CKJIOHMJIM ee BbiHTM 3a Hero 3aMy)K.
Kor.n:a B Mae 1559 ro.n:a c:o>p BMJih.RM llMKepMHr rrorrbi-
TaJic.R .n:o6MThC.R JII06BM KopoJieBbi M oHa HatJ:aJia rrpo-
.RBJI.RTh tipe3MepHyiO 0 HeM 3a6oTy, JIOH.l{OHU:bl B CliO-
pax CTaBMJIM lJ:eTbipe K O.l{HOMY, liTO OH CTaHeT KOpO-
JieM. 3pMK XIV Illae,n:cKMH rrocJiaJI caoero 6paTa rrpo-
CMTh pyKM EJIM3aBeThi, ne cKyrr.Rcb rrpM :o>TOM Ha pac-
xot~hl. Jlo 3TOfO IIOCTyrraJIH M 6oJiee CKpOMHbie rrpe,n:-
JIO)KeUM.R OT rpacpa AppancKoro, repu:oroa foJiliiTM-
HHH n CaKCOHMM n 3pu:repu:ora AacTpnifcKoro. B 1561
ro.n:y JIOH.UOHCKo}i KOMrramm no rrpo,a:a)Ke KaHu;eJI.Rpc-
KHX rrpnua,l(Jie)KHOCTeH 6hiJIO rrpnKa3aHO H3b.RTb M3
rrpo,n:a)l<H nee rre'-IaTHbie KapTHHhi, M3o6pa)KaiOruMe
EJin3aaery c rroKJIOHHnKaMn, oco6enHo c I<opoJieM
3pHKOM. Qqepe.l{b KaH,UHlJ:aTOB CTaJia HaCTO.HIUHM rrpe-
IT.RTCTBHeM lJ:JI.R .l{HIIJIOMaTn<ieCI<HX OTHOliieHHH, a yxa-
)KHBaHH.R 3a KOpOJteBOM -
'-ICM-TO Bp01J:C CKaHll;ClJ1a.


~=====E=A=H=J=a=s=e=T=a==I=A==H=rA=H==H=CK==aH=====~
Ho CaMbiM CKaHonaJibHbiM l13 BCeX OKa3aJIOCb oneJIO
.ll:aonJIH, H3-3a KOToporo no EBpone npoKaTHJiacb onyp-
Ha.H cJiaBa o EJIH3aBeTe, a noJIHTw-Ieci<a.H cTa6HJib-
HOCTb AHrJIHH oKa3aJiacb noon yrpo3oiL JlH6o KopoJie-
Ba nepeniJia Bee rpaHHIJ;bi JIIo6oBHoro cpJIHpTa, JIH6o
ona cepbe3HO HaMepeBaJiacb BbiHTH 3aMy:>K 3a Po6ep-
Ta JlaonJIH, HO B Tet.IeHHe HeCKOJibKHX MeC.HIJ;eB npH-
IIIJIOCb onBa:>Konbi yonep:>KHBaTb ee OT ::noro Illara.
B aBrycTe H ceHT.H6pe 1560 roona , Korona :>Kena
.llaonJIH .HBHO yMHpaJia OT paKa rpyonH, EJIH3aBeTa II
.llaonJIH cTpOHJIII nJiaHbi :>KeHIITb6bi. BHJib.HM CeciiJI
rOTOBHJIC.H OCTaBHTb onOJI:>KHOCTb rocyonapCTBeHHOrO CeK-
peTap.H B CJiyqae, eCJIII OHII no:>KeH.HTC.H, HO oonHOBpe-
MeHHO Hat.IaJI 60pb6y npOTIIB ocymecTBJieHII.H STHX nJia-
HOB. On pacnpoCTpaHIIJI cJiyx, t.ITO 3MII .ll:aAJIH BOBce
ne 6oJibHa na caMoM one11e, a EJIH3aBeTa H .llaonJIH nJia-
HHPYIOT oTpaBHTb ee. 3ry IICTOpiiiO on paccKa3aJI ona:>Ke
IICnaHCKOMY nocJiaHHIIKY II ono6aBHJI, l.!TO JlaonJIH He-
ceT rH6eJib KOpOJieBCTBY. lloono6Ha.H TaKTHKa IIMeJia
onBa pe3yJibTaTa: nOCJiaHHIIKY 6biJIO BHyllleHO, l.!TO CJie-
,nyeT npeonocTepet.Ib EJIH3aBeTy OT 3aey:>KecTBa, a Kor-
ona 3MH yMepJia B ceHT.H6pe, na Po6epTa naJIH noono-
3peHH.H B ee y6HilCTBe. CJiyt.IIIBIIIeec.H Bbi3BaJio IIIKBaJI
B03Myi.IJ;eHHll KaK npii ABOpe, TaK l1 B CTpaHe, II Ha
KaKoe-TO BpeM.H 3aMy:>KeCTBO CTaJIO HeB03MO:>KllbiM no
noJIHTHt.IeCKHM npiit.IIIHaM. TeM He Menee, EJIH3aBeTa
II .ll:aAJIH (a B03MO:>KHO, TOJibKO CaM )laonJIH) peiiiHJIH
npH6ernyTb K KpaHHIIM MepaM II :>KeHHTbC.H BOnpeKH
BHyTpenneil onno3HU:HH. B cepeonHne .HHBap.H 1561 roona
COI03Hl1K )laonJIH C006II{l1JI HCnaHCKOMY nocJiy, l.!TO KO-
poJieBa H Po6epT noilonyT na BOCCTaHOBJieHHe B Anr-
JIMH KaTOJIHIJ;H3Ma, ecJIM C!>HJIHnn II oKa)l<eT HM noon-
onep)l(KY B 3aKJIIO'-IeHHU 6paKa l1 nOMO:>KeT H36e)l(aTb
nocJieoncTBHil, c HHM CBR3aHHbiX. CJiyxH o6 3TOM no-


~
KopoAeaa H npecToA
~
lll'U..====~JI.{
pa3MTeJibHOM npe,n:JIO)KeHMM XO,UMJIM ,UO cepe,n:MHbl an-
peJI.H. Bee :no apeM.H ,l(a,n:JIM 11 ero coi03HMK Ila,n:)KeT
npO,UOJI)KaJIM o6pa6aTbiBaTb KOpOJieBy M fOTOBMJIMCb
K BCTpe-qe 3MMCCapa OT nanbl. flJiaHbl BHOBb pa3py-
lllMJI CecMJI. Bo3MO)KHO, MMeHHo OH c,n:eJiaJI sTy MCTO-
pHIO .n:ocTO.HHMeM ny6JIMKM. ApecToaaa ae.n:ymMx Ka-
TOJIMI<OB 113 MeJIKOIIOMeCTHbiX ,UBOp.HH M 06BMI-IMB MX
B He3aKOHHbiX Meccax, OH C03,UaJI BM,UMMOCTb nanCKO-
rO 3aroaopa, noceJIMB B ,n:ylllax mo.n:eii CTpax nepe.n:
peCTaBpau;MeM KaTOJIMUM3Ma.
Bepo.HTHo, B03HMKlllMM B JloH,n:oHe o6mecTBeHHbiM
npoTecT y6e,n:MJI EJIM3aaeTy B TOM, "LITO ~McnaHCKa.H
CTpaTerM.H~ HeB03MO)KHa. 0Ha OTpHIJ;aJia nepe,n: MC-
naHCKMM nOCJIOM, "LITO KOr,n:a-JIM60 nJiaHMpOBaJia B03-
p0)K,UeHMe KaTOJIM"LieCKOM peJIMrMM. TaiiHbiM coaeT pe-
lllMJI He npMHMMaTb nanCKOfO nOCJia, M K Ha"LiaJiy Ma.H
1561 ro.n:a ace 6hiJIO 3aKOH"LieHo. CecMJI ,n:oKJia,n:hiBaJI:
~Mec.HU Ha3a,U, 3aMeTMB pOCT pHMCKO-nanCKOfO BJIM-
.HHM.H, .H nOC"LIMTaJI He06XO,UMMbiM JIMlllMTb KaTOJIMKOB
OCHOBaHMM ,UJI.H Ha,Ue)K,U, apeCTOBaB HeKOTOpbiX CnJieT-
HMKOB M HaKa3aB MX>> 11
• CeCMJI M36paJI 6JieCT.HII.:{yiO
TaKTMKy: OH caeJI K HYJIIO lllaHCbi Po6epTa ,l(a,n:JIM
CTaTb KopoJieM, HarJI.H.UHO npo,n:eMOHCTpHpoaaa EJIM-
3aBeTe MaClllTa6 Bpa)K,n:e6HOCTM apHCTOKpaTMM II Ha-
po,n:a no OTHOllleHMIO K 6paKy C ,l(a,UJIM, HO OH )Ke TeM
CaMbiM o6peK ee Ha pOJib KOpOJieBbi-,UeBCTBeHHMUbl.
B03MO)KHO, IIMeHHO B 3TO BpeM.H KOpOJieBa pelllMJia
liMKOr,n:a He BbiXO,UMTb 3aMy)K IIJIM, no KpaifHeM Mepe,
OC03HaJia BepO.HTHOCTb TOfO, "LITO 3TO MO)KeT CJIY"LIMTb-
C.H. l1HOCTpaHHhie npe,n:JIO)KeHM.H 6y.n:YT nocrynaTb eme
B Te'-leHMe ,UBa,n:uaTM JieT, HO 3a KOpOTKMM MCI<JIIO'!e-
liMeM, B 1579 ro,n:y, OHM npeBpaT.HTC.H B ,UMnJIOMani-
'-leCKMe MaHeBpbi 3a noJIMTM'!ecKoe nepaeHCTBO. Tpe-
6onaHmi, KOTOpbie KopoJieBa npe,n:'b.HBJI.HJia K npeTeu-


~ E;uo~3aseTa I AHrAHHCKa.SI
~
lll'U..======A>!"'JI.!
,UeHTaM, BCer,ua 6biJUI CJiliiiiKOM BbiCOKMMM M He MOf-
JIM BOCIIpHHMMaTbC5I KaK peaJibHbie. 0Ha BbiCTaBMJia
CBOIO KaH,UM,l(aTypy Ha ,UMIIJIOMaTM"tfeCKMX TOprax ca-
MOfO BbiCOKOfO ypoBH5I, HO Tal< KaK HMKTO He MOf
rrpe,UJIO)KMTb Ha3Hal:feHHYIO eiO l..{eHy, OHa rrpeBpaTM-
JiaCb CKOpee B KOpOJICBCKMM C06Jia3H, l:feM B KOpOJieB-
CKMM rrMpor.
EJIM3aBeTa, nepo5ITHO, pemMJia He BbiXO.UMTb 3a-
My)K. B 1563 ro.uy OHa ronopHJia MMrrepaTopcKOMY
IIOCJiaHHMKy: ~ECJIM 5I OTKpOIO rrepe,u BaMM TO, "l!TO
,n:eMCTBMTeJibHO ,ll.MKTYIOT MHe MOM )KeJiaHM5I, TaK 8TO
6y.n.eT CJie,ll.yiOlllee: CKOpee O,ll.MHOKa5I HMII.leHKa, l:feM
3aMy)KH5I5I KopoJiena! ~ 12 • Erne -qepe3 TPM ro.n.a oHa 3a-
5IBMJia MCIIaHCKOMY IIOCJIY, "l!TO, ecJIM 6bi CMOrJia Haii-
TM IIpHeMJieMbiM-IIYTb pemeHM5I BOIIpoca C HaCJie,ll.HM-
KOM, He BbiXO,ll.5I IIpH 3TOM 3aMY)K, OHa, KOHel:fHO, TaK
6bi M rrocTyrrMJia. Kor.n.a KopoJieBa ronopHJia, BbiM,ll.eT
OHa 3aMY)l< MJIM He BbiH,ll.eT - 3TO 6biJIO C ee CTOpOHbl
BCero JIMIIIb IIOJIMTM"tfeCKOH MrpOH, HO ee 5IBHOe He)Ke-
JiaHMe BCTyrraTb B 6paK CTaJIO IIIHpOKO M3BeCTHbiM.
<l>paHUY3CKMM IIOCOJl ,UOKJia,[l;biBaJI B 1569 ro.n.y, "l!TO
aHrJIMHCKMe apMCTOKpaTbi BCe KaK O,ll.MH y6e)K,[l;eiibi B
TOM, "l!TO KOpOJieBa He BbiH,ll.eT 3aMy)K, II03TOMY BM.7Ib-
5IM CecMJI Hal:faJI K TOMY npeMeHM MCKaTb .n.pyrHe crro-
co6bi pemenH5I Borrpoca o rrpecTOJionacJie,ll.HM. K 1572
ro.n.y Po6epT .lJ.a,a:JIM, caMbiH BHHMaTeJibHbiH M3 ncex
Ha6JIIO,ll.aBIIIMX 3a ,ll.MITJIOMaTwrecKMM ¢JIHPTOM EJIH-
3aBeTbi, rrpnrneJI K Bbmo.uy, "l!TO ~cep.n.ue ee BeJiwiec,..
TBa COBCeM He paCIIOJIO)KeHO K TOMY, 1:fT06bi BbiXO·
,ll.HTb 3aMy)K, IIOTOMY "l!TO 113 BCeX B03MO)KHbiX rryTeH,
KaKHe TOJibKO Mbl MOfJIM IIpHJ(yMaTb, OHa BCer,L{a Bbi-
6HpaeT caMbie CJIO)KHbie~. Jla.n.JIH crrpane.n.mmo rro.n.-
MeTMJT, l.J:TO BO BpeM.H BCeX 6pa~fHHX ncper0BOp0!=1 E.mr-
:J.::lBCTa HC«<Lra He n pcm-rym,ec-rn, a c1copce TOI\), '-ITO


f(fl=====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H==n=p=e=c=T=O=A===B
MOrJio 6bi rroMernaTb 6pa.Ky. K 1575 ro.uy <Dp3HCHC
BaJibCHHraM, r Jiasa 6pa~moi1: ,n:eJiera~HH, paccMaTpH-
saJI ,n:eJio o 3aMy>KeCTBe KaK rroTeprresrnee IIOJIHbiH
Kpax:
~5! c Ka)l(,UbiM .uneM see 6oJibrue y6e)l(,n:aiOCb,
qTo CJIO)l(HBrueeca y Ee Be.rnPICCTBa OTHomenue
K 3aMy)l(eCTBY orrpe,n:eJiaeTca pR,n;oM cy6beKTHB-
HbiX rrpuqun: >KeJianneM coxpaiiHTb Kopony u us-
6e)l(aTb .rno,n:cKoro rrpe3peuua. Ho a HH B Koe:H
Mepe ne Mory na.ueaTbCa Ha TO, qTo name :>KeJia-
nue CMO)l(eT CTaTb ee )l(CJianneM. IIonoMy Mbi
.UOJI)l(Hbi BBepHTb pernenne 3Toro sorrpoca fiory,
a CaMH C'taTb 6oJiee BepHbiMH XpHCTHaHaMH, 110-
TOMY qTo HMeiUIO HCllllli rpeXH CJiy:>KaT HCTHHHOH
rrpHqJ-moH: OTpn~aTeJihHoro OTHomeHIHI Ee BeJIM-
qecTBa K 6paK.y~ 13 .
Borrpoc 0 3aM)'>KeCTBe OCTaBaJica OTKpbiTbiM; OHO
CTaJIO CBOeo6pa3HbiM IIOJIHTMqeCKHM opy,n:neM, IIp11-
3BaHHbiM 3aMaHHBaTb KaH,UH,UaTOB II O,UHOBpeMeHHO
yKpoiiJ;aTb npeTen,n:eHTOB na Tpon. Yrpo3a Toro, qTo
Emi3aBeTa MO)l(eT BbiHTH 3aMy)K H rrpOH3BCCTJ-I Ha CBeT
pe6eHKa, MCIIOJib30BaJIOCb, qTo6bi 3acTaBHTb Mapmo
CTioapT BeCTH ce6a rrpHJI}fqHO, nacKOJibKO ona Mor-
.ria. EJIH3aBeTa saaBnJia rnoTJian,n:cKoMy 3Mwccapy B
1564 ro,n:y: ~5J HHKOf,Ua He CTaJia 6bi BbiXO,UHTb 3a-
My)K, ecJIH 6bi rpy6oe rrose.nenue MoeM: cecTpbi no
OTJIOliieUliiO KO MHe He 3aCTaBHJIO MeHa H3l\1eH11Tb pe-
menHe~. MeJibBHJib yTBep)l(,UaJI, l.JTO ero OTBeT 6hiJI
CJie,n:yiOIUHM: ~Barne BeJIHqecTBO ,n:yMaeT, qTo ecJIH
Bbi BbiM,UeTe 3aMy:>K, TO Bbi 6y,n:eTe npOCTO KOpOJieBOM
AHfJIHHCKOH, a ce:i1qac Bbl KOpOJib ff KOpOJieBa B O,l{-
IIOM JIH~e! ~ Bo3MO)l(HO, B ::>TOM 6bi.Ila ,UOJI.H rrpaB,Ubi.
Emi3aBcTa npHDbiKJia CJiymaTI>Ca TOJibKO csoux coBe-


TOB H yrrpaBJI5ITb KOpOJICBCTBOM B O.lJ:HHOt:IKy; OHa JII0-
6HJia 6biTb e.n;HHCTBeHHbiM ~eHTpOM BHHMaHH5I. B 1566
ro.n:y OHa roBopnJia Po6epTy .lla.n:JIH, K TOMY BpeMeHH
rpacpy JiecTepy: ~EcJIH Bbi .n:yMaeTe ynpaBJI5ITb 3.n;ecb,
5I 6y.n:y CJIC.li:MTb 3a BaiiiMMH I10IIOJI3HOBCHH5IMH. 5J rrpH-
3HaiO TOJibKO O.lJ:HY X035IMKY H HHKaKHX X035ICB! >> 14
•
CTaJio ot:IeBH.lJ:HbiM, t:ITO JieCTep HHKor.n:a He 6y.n:eT ee
My)l(eM, IIOTOMY t:ITO, IIOCJie COBCpi!ICHHbiX B MOJIO.lJ:OC-
TH He6Jiaropa3yMHbiX IIOCTYIIKOB, OHa rrpHIIIJia K Bbi-
BO.li:Y, t:ITO 6paK C .lla.n;JIH 6biJI 6bi CJIHIIIKOM HC.lJ:OCTOH-
HbiM ee. B 1565 ro.n:y EJIH3aBeTa OTKpbiJiacb cppaH-
~y3cKoMy rrocJiy: ~ XoT5I 5I Bcer.n:a ~eHHJia xopornne
Kat:IeCTBa rpacpa JiecTepa, HO )l(HByiUee BO MHe CTpeM-
JieHHe K BeJIHt:IHIO H t:IeCTH He II03BOJIHJIO 6bi MHe c.n;e-
JiaTb ero CBOHM copaTHHKOM H My)l(eM>>. B 1575 ro.n:y
oHa BbiCKa3aJiacb eme 6oJiee pe3Ko: ~Hey)!<eJIH Bbi
.lJ:yMaeTe, t:ITO 5I HaCTOJibKO He .n;opo)l(y C060H H CBOHM
KOpOJieBCKHM BeJIHt:IHeM, t:ITO rrpe.n;rrOt:IJia 6bi B Kat:IeCT-
Be My)l(a cJiyry, KOToporo caMa )J{e B3pacTHJia, caMe-
MY BeJIHKOMY rrpHH~Y B xpHCTHaHCKOM MMpe!~ 15 • Ko-
pot:Ie, oHa He HaMepeHa BbiXO.lJ:MTb 3aMy)l( 3a Po6epTa
.lla.n;JIH, rrpocTO cBoero rro.n:.n:aHHoro.
Ho ecJIH BbiHTH 3aMy)l( 3a rro.n:.n:aHHoro 6biJIO
CJIHIIIKOM YHH3HTeJibHO, TO 3a HHOCTpaHHOfO rrpHH~a
-
CJIHIIIKOM OIIaCHO. 3TO HerrpeMeHHO IIOBJieKJIO 6bi
3a co6oii: IIOCT05IHHbiH Bbi60p COI03HHKOB (a B03MQ)l(-
HO, H BparoB) H rrocT05IHHbie TPY.li:HOCTH BO BHernHeii:
rroJIHTMKe. TaK KaK 6oJibiiiMHCTBO rro.n:xo.n:5IIUHX KaH-
.n:n.n:aToB 6biJIH KaTOJIHt:IeCKHMH rrpHH~aMH, 3TO, B03-
MO)l(H0, rroTpe6oBaJio 6bi ycTyrroK B Borrpocax peJiu-
nui, t:ITO, B CBOIO Ot:Iepe.n;b, Bbl3BaJIO 6bi pa3.n;pa)l(el-IHC
ee rrpoTecTaHTCKHX rro.n:.n:anHbiX. CBaTOBCTBO repuora
AJiaHconcKoro - e.n;HHCTBCHHbiH cJiyt:Iai1 rrocJie 1561
ro.n:a, KOrJJ:a EJIH3aBeTa cepbe3no 6hiJia pacnoJIO)l(eHa


~
KopoAeaa H npecTOA
~
l:'l~============~Jil
BbiHHI 3aMy)l(, -
rrpHOCTaHOBHJIOCb B 1579 ro,n:y l13-
3a B03Hl1KIIlero B 06Il{eCTBe He,UOBOJibCTBa rrpHBep)l(eH-
HOCTbiO ¢panuy3cKoro rrpHHUa KaTOJIHUH3MY. He3a-
BHCHMO OT TOfO, Bbi6paJia 6bi OHa My)l(a BHyTpH KO-
pOJieBCTBa HJm 3a ero rrpe,n:eJiaMH, ee 6paK Bee paBI-IO
cTaJI 6bi npH'IHHOH pa3HOrJiacHM:. BHJib5IM KaM,n:eH,
l.Je:M: B3rJI5I.U na EJIH3aDeTy, B03MO)l(HO, HOCHJI oTrreqa-
TOK MHeHH5I ero nacTaBHHKa BHJib5IMa CecHJia, IT03)l(e
ITHCaJI:
~ HeKOTOpbiC rrpH,n:ep)l(HBaJIHCb Toro MHeHH5I,
l.JTO OHa pelllHTeJibHO HaCTpOHJiaCb Ha He3aMy)l(-
HIOIO )l(l13Hb, KOTOpa5I CKOpee, 'ICM 3aMY)l(H5!5I, MOr-
Jia crroco6cTBOBaTb o6mecTBennoi1: rrOJib3e H ee
co6cTBennoi1: cJiaBe. Ona rrpe,n:BH,n:eJia, 'ITO 6paK
c rro.n:,n:aHHbiM H nepaBHbiH 6paK orropoqaT ee B
f Jia3aX Hapo,n:a l1 ,n:a,n:yT ITOBO,U ,UJI5I He,UOBOJibCT-
Ba, ne.n:o6po)l(eJiaTeJibCTBa H BOJIHeHHH. EcJIH )l(e
OHa BbiH,UeT 3aMy)l( 3a HHOCTpaHUa, OHa TCM ca-
MbiM Ha,UCHeT XOMYT KaK Ha CBOIO IIIeiO, TaK l1 na
IIIeiO cBoero napo,n:a. KpoMe Toro, rro.n:o6noe 3a-
My)l(eCTBO MO)l(eT yrpO)l(aTb HallleH peJII1fl1l1~ 16.
llpaBJieHHe ee OTUa l1 CeCTpbi CJIY)l(HJIH ,UJI5I HCe
narJI5I.UHbiM ,n:oKa3aTeJibCTBOM Toro, KaK BHyTpeHH5!5I
J10Jil1Tl1Ka l1 Me)l(,n:ynapO,UHbie OTHOIIIeHI15I MOryT 6biTb
no.n:opBaHbi Bbi6opoM cynpy)l(ecKoii rrOJIOBHHbi, H Emi-
3aBeTa rrpe.n:noiJ:HTaJia He pHCKOBaTb rrepe.n: Bepo5IT-
IIOCTbiO HerrpaBHJibHOfO Bbi6opa.
,ll)l(OH KJiarrx:=)M, eme O.UHH CTaBJieHHHK CecHJia,
BbiCKa3aJI ITO,U03peHHe, 'ITO Ha KOpOJICBY OKa3biBaJIH
XHTpoyMnoe rroJIHTHIJ:CCKoe ,n:aBJieHHe. On CIJ:HTaJI, 'ITO
EJIH3aBeTa ne )KeJiaJia BbiXO.UHTb 3aMy)K ~JI.116o no TOM
npwmne, 'ITO ee 6oJibiiiC ycTpaHBaJia cBo6o,n:nM )l(H3Hb
l1 B03MO)l(HOCTb e,UHHOBJiaCTHOfO rrpaBJieHH5I, JII160,


~ EAH3aseTa I AHrAHHCKa.H
~
l'l~=====~Jil
HMe5I )l(eJiaHHe abiHTH 3aMy>I<, OHa IIO,ll;,ll;aaaJiaCb aJIH-
5IHHIO KaKHX-TO KOHKpeTHbiX cpaaOpHTOa, KOTOpbie ee
OT 3Toro oTroaapHaaJIH» 17
.
KoHet.mo, 6hiJIO rrpaa.n:oH:
H TO, l.J:TO rpacp JleCTep rrpe.n;rrpHHHMaJI IIOIIbiTKH rrpe-
CCl.J:b 3aMOpCKHe YXa)I(HaaHH5I 3a KOpOJieaoif, IIOTOMY
l.J:TO OHH rrpe.n;cTaaJI5IJIH yrp03Y ero C06CTaeHHOMY IIO-
JIO)I(eHIUO rrpii .n:aope. Bo3MO)KHO, KJiarrx3M rrpaa II a
TOM, l.J:TO EJIII3aaeTa )l(eJiaJia ~e.n:IIHOaJiaCTHoro rrpaa-
JieHII5I>> If He XOTeJia .n;eJIIITb CaOIO aJiaCTb C My)KeM.
0Ha, aCIO CaOIO C03HaTeJibHYIO )1(}:[3Hb 6opOaiiia5IC5I
IIpOTIIa YCT05IaiiiefOC5I H,ll;eaJia )l(eHIIJ;lfHbi, aep05ITHO,
HaXO,li;IIJia 3aTPY.li:HIITeJibHbiM C,ll;eJiaTb CaMyiO o6bil.J:-
HYIO ,li;JI5I )l(eHII.{lfHbi aell{b. 0Ha aC5Il.J:eCKlf CTapaJiaCb
IIOKa3aTb, l.J:TO He IIOXO)I(a Ha .n;pyriiX )l(eHII.{lfH. KaK
MOfJia OHa CTaTb TaKOH )l(e, KaK ace OCTaJibHbie, If
IIO,ll;l.J:lfHIITbC5I My)l(y? 3TO JIIIIIIIIJIO 6bi OIIOpbi ee rrpe-
TeH3lflf Ha IICKJIIOl.J:IITeJibHOCTb, IIO,li;OpaaJIO 6bi C03,ll;aH-
Hblli ero lfMlf,ll;)l(, Ha KOTOpOM OCHOabiBaJiaCb ee aJiaCTb,
If OCJia6IIJIO 6bi ee aaTOpiiTeT rrepe.n; IIOMaHHbiMlf My)K-
CKOfO IIOJia. EJIII3aaeTa OTKa3biBaJiaCb 6biTb rrpOCTO
)I(CHII.{IIHOH If He C06HpaJiaCb CTaTb rrpOCTO >I<eHOH.
HeKOTOpbie IICTOpiiKII, oco6eHHO A. <D. lloJIJiap.n:
18,
npiiBO.li:5IT .n:oKa3aTeJibCTaa Toro, 'lTO EJIII3aaeTa He abi-
IIIJia 3aMy.tK, C03Haaa5I, lJTO 3TO He peiiiiiJIO 6bi IIp0-
6JieMy C HaCJie,li;HlfKOM: OHa 3HaJia, l.J:TO He CMO)I(eT
HMeTb .n:eTeii. CymeCTayeT ot.IeHb MaJio .n:oKa3aTeJibCTa
a IIOJib3Y 3TOH TOl.J:Klf 3peHII5I. l1crraHCKIIe IIOCJibl 3a-
IIJiaTIIJ!H rrpa'IK3M KopoJieabi 3a HY)I(Hyro IIM IIHcpop-
Ma~HIO If IIOJIYl.J:IIJIII IIO,li;Taep)K,li;CI-Ilfe TOfO, l.J:TO y EJIII-
3aaeTbi peryJI5IpHbiH MeHCTpyaJibHbiH ~IIKJI. B MapTe
1579 ro.n:a, Kor.n:a KopoJieae 6biJIO y.tKe 45 JieT, 11op.n:
EepJIH, npoKOHCYJibTIIpoaaaiiiiiCb y ee .n:oKTopoa II
CJIY.IKaiiOK, IIpiiiiieJI K BbiBO.li:Y, l.J:TO OHa ace eme MO-
.I KCT HMeTh .n:eTeii. Ha caMOM .n:eJie yrpo3y ,li;JI5I Kopo-


~
Kopo.lleBa H npecToA
~
l'l~=====~Jil
JJCBbi npe,ncTaBJJRJJa He HCB03MOJKHOCTb 6epeMCHHOC-
TM, a pHCK, "tJTO 3TO MOJKeT npoM30HTH. IIpnMepHo
10% pO.D;OB OKaH"tJMBa.TIHCb CMepTbiO MaTepM, M .D;BC
Ma"tJexn: EJJH3aBeTbi, ]lJKeHH Cei1Myp M EKaTepn:Ha
IIapp, yMepJIH no npe.l'<m po.n;on. EcJIM 6bi TO )Ke ca-
Moe CJIY"tJMJIOCb C EJIH3aBCTOH, B HaCJIC.l(CTBO KOpO-
JICBCTBY OCTaJiaCb 6bi 6opb6a 3a npeCTOJI MJIM HCCO-
BeprneHHOJICTHMH HaCJIC.D;HMK. 3aMyJKeCTBO, TaKMM
o6pa30M, MOfJIO TO.Tibi<O ycyry6HTb I1p06JieMy C Ha-
CJIC,l(Hl1KOM, M TI03TOMY EJIM3aBeTe Ka3aJIUCb npe,nno-q-
THTCJibHee ,npyrue cnoco6bi ee pernenu.a. B 1566 ro,ny
BHJibHM CecMJI no.nnucaJI MeMopaH.n;yM, B KOTopoM
fOBOpHJIOCb 0 Ba:>KHOCTH yJiaJKUBaHUH BOTipOCa C 3a-
MYJKCCTBOM M Ha3HaqenMII HacJie,nHMKa. Bbmo.n r Jia-
cun: ~Cpe,nCTBOM peiiiCHMH npo6JieM MOJKeT CTaTb 3a-
MyJKeCTBO, HO CCJIM 3TO HCB03MOJKHO, TO CJie,nyeT ne-
peHTH K o6cyJK,neHHIO npaBa HaCJIC.l(OBaHHH~ 19 •
KaK TOJibKO cTaJio oqeBM.l(HbiM HeJKeJiaHMe EJiu-
3aBeTbi BbiXO.l(UTb 3aMyJK, OT Hee CTaJIU HaC'fOHqUBO
Tpe6onaTb o6nHU.TieHn5I HacJie,n:H.HKa npecToJia. llac-
Tn:qJ-Io TYT 6biJia BUHa ee C06CTBCHHOH CeMbM M ny6-
JIHUIICTOB: 6Jiaro.nap.a nponaraH,ne TIO,nopon 6biJI co-
3,naH o6pa3 MOHapxa KaK OTIJIOTa o6meCTBCHHOH CTa-
6MJibHOCTH. Heu36e)l<HbiM cJie,ncTBMeM HeperneHHoro
BOTipoca 0 HaCJIC.l(HHKaX ,l(OJIJKllbi 6biJIM CTaTb rpaJK-
,naHCKHC BOHI-Ibi. Crpax KoH¢JIMKTa oco6eHHO ycumw-
c.a TIOCJIC npHCTyna OCTibi, KOTOpOH KOpOJiena rrepe6o-
JieJia B OI<T.a6pe 1562 ro,na. TaHHbiH COBCT pa3.l(C.IIH.TI-
CR Ha TpH rpymibl, Ka)J(,l(aH U3 KOTOpbiX TIOMCp)J(l-JBa-
Jia cnoero npeTen,neHTa, a Enii3aueTa eme 6oJiee yxyk
mMJJa nonmr<enue nemeli, npe,nnoJKHB Po6epTy .LI:a.n-
JIH CTaTb perenToM Kopo.rieBCTBa. BH.TibHM Cecu.rJ, mKH-
.na5I 6eJ1.bi, IIHCa.TI B 1563 fOl-lY rrap.riaMCH1Y <<5I /J,y-
M~Uo, qTO C.TICJ1.YCT npCJ-lllpiUI5ITb BCC B03MOJKHOe, '-ITO-


~ EAHJaseTa I AHrAmkKa.SI
~
lll~======~JI!
6bi yTnep,n:HTb nacJie,n:HHKa rrpecToJia, HO 5I 6mocb,
l.JTO He)KeJiaHHe ee BeJiw-recTna o6b5IBHTb ero MO)KeT
cTaTb rrperr.HTCTBIIeM Ha 3TOM rrynr~ 20 . TaK OHO 11 cJiy-
'IHJIOCb.
IIaJiaTa Jlop,n:on 11 IIaJiaTa 06r.u:nn o6paTHJIHCb K
KopoJieBe c rrpoch6oii: Ha3Ha'IHTb HacJie,n:HHKa. Jlop,n:bi
IIpHBO.UHJIH B Ka'-!eCTBe OCHOBaHH5I He,n:aBHIOIO 6oJie3Hb
KOpOJieBbi U B03HliKIIIYIO B CB5I3H C HeM HeynepeH-
HOCTb:
~HanMnJiocep,n:neii:IIIa5.! rocy.uapbiH5I, :>KaJIKOe
J1 IIpUCKOp6noe COCT05IHIIe, B KOTOpOM COBCeM He-
,UaBHO rrpe6biBaJin BaiiiH nepna5I 3HaTb 11 coneT-
HHKII, Kor.ua Eory 6biJIO yro,n:no KOCHYTbC5I Bac
cnoeii: T5I)KeJioii: pyKoii:, 11 Tpenora, B KOTopyro
rrpnBeJI Balli He,n:yr BCeX IIOHHMaiOW:HX JIIO,UeH,
5IBJI5IIOTC5I IIpH'IHIIOH Haiiiero o6par.u:eHH5I~.
EcJIH 6bi KopoJieBa yMepJia He Ha3Ha'IHB HacJie,n:-
HHKa, 3TO CTaJIO 6bi
<<O'IeBH,UHbiM IIOBO.UOM ,UJI5I 60JibiiiOf0 He-
C'IaCTb5I J1 OIIaCHOCTH, yrpO)KaiOr.u:eii: JIIO,U5IM BCeX
IIOJIQ)KeH¥IH H COCJIOBHH B 3TO~I KOpOJieBCTBe.
<l>paKUHOHHbie 3afOBOpbi, BOCCTaHH5I J1 rpa)K,UaH-
CKM BOMHa pa3ropaJIHCb 6bi H H3-3a HeiiOHHMa-
HH5I, KOMY CJie,n:yeT IIOCB5ITHTb CBOH ,UOJif H Bep-
HOCTb~21.
0TKa3 EJIH3aBeTbi rrpono3rJiaCHTb HacJie,n:HHKa He
Mor He Bbi3BaTb Heo.n:o6peHH5I. B 1565 ro.n:y rrporro-
ne,n:HHK ToMac C3MCOH rrpe,n:JIO)KHJI: ~EcJIH KopoJiena
He B CHJiaX IIOMO'Ib HaM BbiMTH H3 3aTpy,n:HHTeJibHOf0
IIOJIQ)KeHH5I, TOf,Ua rrapJiaMeHT ,UQJI)KeH IIp05IBHTb BCIO
cnoiO BJiaCTb H My,n:pocTb c TeM, 'IT06bi c,n:eJiaTb nee
B03MO)KHOe H pa3peiiiHTb, HaKOHeU, BOIIpOC C HaCJie,U-


~
KopoAesa 11 npecToA
~
l:'l~====~Jil
HHKOM. B TiaJiaTe 06IUHH B 1566 ro.n:y ronopHJIOeu,
t.:ITO ~.n:oJir qeeTH H eoneeTH BeJIHT ConeTy no.n:nHrHyTu
KOpOJieBy Ha Ha3Hat.:IeHH:e HaeJie,UHHKa~ If l.:ITO ~B npo-
T:HBHOM eJiyqae Be.H BH:Ha 3a HeBHHHO npOJIHTYIO KpOBb
JI.H:>KeT Ha eoneen Ee BeJIHt.:IeeTBa, ConeTa H TiaJia-
Tbi>>22. fioeJie TOfO KaK KOpOJieBa nOnbiTaJiaeb OTMe-
1-IHTb B 1566 ro.n:y napJiaMeHTeKHe .n:e6aTDI no nOBO.UY
Ha3Hat.:IeHH5I HaeJie,UHHKa, B JlOH,UOHe Hat.:IaJIH nO.HB-
JI.HTbe.H nJiaKaTDI, no.n:nepraniime KpHTHKe ee none.n:e-
HHe. 0HH, KpOMe TOfO, HeenpaBe,UJIHBO 06BHH5IJIH
BHJib.HMa CeeHJia B TOM, t.:ITO HaeJie.UHHK ne 6urJI na-
31-Iat.:IeH. 0 KOpOJieBe eKJia,UbiBaJIOeb MHeHH:e KaK 0 6e3-
0TBeTeTBeHHOll H npeHe6peraiOmeii 6JiaronoJiyt.:IHeM
eBOHX no.n:.n:aHHbiX.
EJIH3aBeTa H npan.n:a OTKa3uiBaJiaeu npono3rJia-
eHTb HaeJie,UHHKa If Be.Ht.:IeeKH nbiTaJiaeb He ,UOnyeTIITb
o6ey:>K.n:eHHR nora nonpoea. 0Ha npmiiJia B Rpoen,
Kor.n:a B 1566 ro.n:y rpynna apHeToKpaTOB nponeJia B
.noMe ApyH.n:eJia eoneT no nonpoey Bur6opa naeJie,UHH-
Ka. B 3TOM :>Ke ro.n:y ona 3anpeTHJia napJiaMeHTY o6-
ey:>K.n:aTu nonpoe o nepe.n:aqe Tpona, TaK KaK ~eeJIH
BaM npe.n:oeTaBHTb eno6o.n:y paeeMoTpeHHR 3Toro .n:eJia,
TO nORBHTe.H eJIHIIIKOM MHOfO eonepHHKOD - KaKHC-
TO po,UeTBeHHHKH, eJiyrH If apen,UaTOpui; KTO-TO 6y.n:eT
3aiUHIUaTb eaoero X035IHHa, KTO-TO eBOIO X035IMI<y If
y:>K, HaBepH.HKa, Ka)K,Ublll - eaoero ,llpyra. TaK l.:ITO B
pe3yJiuTaTe nee 3TO npHne.n:eT eKopee K pae1·paTe, t.:IeM
K npH6uiJIH>> 23 . KoHet.:IHO, I<opoJieaa 6uiJia npana, H He
6e3 OeHOBaHHH, B TOM, l.:ITO enOpbl no nOBO.UY naeJie,U-
HHKa MOryT eTaTb npwmHOH pa3HOrJiaeH:~L B 1581
ro.l{y nuriiieJI 3aKon, 3anpemaBIIIHi1: npe.n:cr<aJaiiHR H
aeTpOJIOnFreei<He npornOJbi Taro, KOr,l{a EJIHJaBeTa
eKOHt.:IaeTe.H If KTO eTaHeT npaDHTb nOCJIC nee. Ho Bee
3TH eoo6pa:>KeHH5I HaBp.H,U JIH 06b.HeH5IIOT, HQt.ICMY
:.! . 3aK. 286


~ E.JHIJaBeTa I AHr.Jn~:ikKaH
~
l'l~=====~Jil
EJUI3aBeTa 6biJia CTOJib HerrpeKJIOIH-IOH M IIOl.leMy OHa
pMCKOBaJia ,na)Ke CBoell: rrorrymrpHOCTbiO, He rrpe,nrrpM-
HMMa5I HMKai<MX ,neMCTBMii: Be,l{b pa3,l{Opb1, Bbi3BaH-
Hbie ,ne6aTaMM, liOMepKJIM 6bi B CpaBIIeHMM C TeMM
pacrrp.H:MM, KOTOpbie MOfJIM B03HMKHYTb M3-3a CB06o,n-
HOfO rrpeCTOJia IIOCJie CMepTM KOpoJieBbl. IJpaB,Ua, B
KOHU:e KOHU:OB, ee rrpoMe,nJiemre ce6.H orrpaa,naJio, M
rrpo6JieMa 6biJia pernena caMa co6oll:: EJm3aBeTa rre-
pe)KMJia HeKOTOpbiX rrpeTeH,l{eHTOB, a ,npyrMe CaMM ce6.H
,l{MCKpe,nMTMpOBaJIM, HO CTOJib y,nat:IHOe CTetieHMe o6-
CTO.HTeJibCTB TPYAHO 6biJIO rrpe,nBM,neTb.
HecTa6MJibHOCTb IIOJIO)KeHM.H IIOCJie CBOell: CMep-
TM EJIM3aBeTa rrpMHecJia B )KepTBY cTa6MJibHOCTM rrpM
)KM3HM. Heorrpe,neJieHHOCTb c Ha3Hal.leHMeM HacJie,n-
HMKa yKpeiiJI.HJia ee C06CTBeHHbie II03MU:MM 1 IIpM,naBa5I
oco6yro Ba)KHOCTb ee )KM3HM KaK KOpOJieBbl M ,l{eJia5I
ee cpe,noTOl.!MeM BepHOCTM rro.n,naHHbiX. ErrMcKorr ,ll)Ky-
SJI BOCKJIMU:aJI: ~Q, KaKMMM )KaJIKMMM ,l{OJI)KHbl Ka-
3aTbC.H Te, KOMY He MOryT CKa3aTb, IIpM KaKOM rrpaBM-
TeJie OHM 6y,nyT )KMTb. 5I Bepro, tiTO 60)KbeH MMJIOCTbiO
EJIM3aBeTa 6y,neT )KMTb eme ,noJiro M Cl.laCTJIMBO~. B
1578 ro,ny KopoJieBa e,nBa He rrorM6Jia OT cJiyqall:Horo
BbiCTpeJia. l13 STOrD CJIY'-Ia5I C03,l{aTeJIM 6aJIJI~ BbiHe-
CJIM IIOJIMTMl.leCKMH ypoK:
0, ecJZu 6 otepm1WR neflamb
fJ eJZo noKpbtJZa KopoJZeBbt,
JIuwuJZa uac onJZoma eepbt,
To uettecmueu,ee aep31CUX pamb
IIoeepzJZa 6bt 1taw 1epau poaHou
B 6e3yMM eou1t u 1epoeu pe1eu;
M bt 6btJZu 6 npoKJZRmbt HaeeKu,
H a cMymy npoMeHRB noKou 24 •
(ITepeBo,n C. fop.Hll:HoBa, T. fop.Hll:HoBoii)


R ====K=o=p=o=A=e=B=a=:u=n=p=e=c=T=O=A=== JH
KopoJiese HC xoTeJIOCh, ~no6bi STOT mnepec 6biJI
HarrpaBJICH Ha ,llpyroro, H OHa rrpO,llOJI)KaJia HCITbiTbi-
BaTb CTpax rrepe,ll ITJiaHaMH Bbl,ll;B1DKCHH5I HaCJIC,llHH-
Ka. ~5{ 3HaiO 0 HCIIOCT05IHCTBC aHfJIHHCKOfO HapO,lla,
0 ero BClfHOH HCJII06BH K CYIIJ.CCTBYIOJ..QCMY rrpamrre-
JIIO H 0 HarrpaBJICHHOCTH BHMMaHH.H Ha TOfO, KTO ,llO-
JI)I(CH yHaCJIC,llOBaTb TpOH~, - 3a5IBHJia OHa B 1561
fO,lly. lliOTJiaH,llCKOMY ITOCJiaHHHKY OHa paCCKa3biBa-
Jia 0 3afOBOpax, KOTOpbiC ITJICJIHCb ,llJI.H TOfO, lfT06bi
B03BCCTH CC Ha I1pCCTOJI BO BpCM5I rrpaBJICHH.H CCCTpbi
MapHH, Ha lfTO OH OTBCTHJI: ~ECJIH 6bi B MHpC HaBep-
H.HKa 3HaJIH, KTO 6y,llCT rrpaBHTb ITOCJIC HCC, OHa 6bi
HHKOf,lla HC 6hiJia B ITOJIHOH 6esorraCHOCTH~. Kor.ua B
1566 fO.llY rrapJiaMCHTCKa.H ,llCJICfai.J;H.H I10Tpe6oBaJia OT
£JIH3aBCTbl Ha3BaTb HaCJIC,llHHKa, OHa B OTBCT rrapH-
pOBaJia: ~5{ ysepeHa, lfTO 8TO HC 6y,llCT O,llHO H3 TCX
BTOpOCTCITCHHbiX JIHU:, KaKHM B CBOC BpCM.H 6biJia 51~.
MapH.H TIO.uop 6hiJia B orracHOCTH H3-3a Toro, lfTO Ha
CC MCCTO XOTCJIH ITOCTaBHTb £JIH3aBCTY, a £JIH3aBCTa
rro.usepraJiach orracHOCTH H3-3a rro.uo3pCHHi1 MapHH
-
~TaKOro HHKOr,lla HC rrpOH30H,llCT C MOHM HaCJIC,ll-
HHKOM~25.
3Ha.H o csoe:i1: rro.uo3pHTCJibHOCTH, EJIH3aBeTa rro-
HHMaJia, lfTO HHKOf,lla HC CMO)KCT ,llOBCp.HTb I1pOB03-
fJialliCHHOM)' HaCJIC,llHHKy: ~Hey)I(CJIH Bbl ,llyMaCTC, lfTO
5I CMOry I10JII06HTb CBOH CMCpTHbiH CaBaH, CCJili, Kai<
ylfaT HaC rrpHMCpbi, KOpOJIH HC MOryT JII06HTb ,lla)I(C
CBOHX C06CTBCHHbiX ,llCTCH, KOTOpbiC CTaHyT HX Jia-
CJIC,llHHKaMH?~ - crrpanmsaJia oHa B 1561 ro.uy. B
CJIC.llYIOJ..QCM ro.uy B JlOH,llOHe rro.HBHJIC.H cJiyx, T-lTO Ko-
poJiesa HC CTaHCT pernaTb BOIIpOC 0 HaCJIC,llHHI<C, <<ITO-
TOMY lfTO OHa y6C)I(,llCIIa, lfTO CCJIH 6y,llCT cyn.J;CCTBO-
BaTb H3BCCTHbiH JIIO,ll.HM HaCJIC,llHHK, HX 6Jiaropacrro-
JIO)KCHHC CKOpee BCCfO COCpC,llOTOlfHTC.H Ha HCM, a HC


na Hei1:>>
26 • B 1566 ro.n:y Emi3aneTa 3MBHJia TaH:noMy
COBCTy, ~TO HC C06HpaeTC~ CTaTb CJia6oH pa60JieiT-
CTBYIO!l.(eH KOpOJICBOH I1 Ha6JIIo,n:aTb, KaK ee COBenm-
I<H ITOKHHYT ee, ~T06bi BCCTH rreperOBOpbi C 6y,n:yll.(IIM
HaCJie,li;HHKOM. KaK 6bi OHa Hll rrpHKpbiBaJia HCTHH-
Hbie rrpH~HHbi cnoero rrone,n:eHmi 6opb6oi1: 3a o6Il.(ec-
TBCHHbre HIITepCCbi I1 6e30ITaCHOCTb HaCJie,li;HHKa, Ha
caMOM ,n:eJie rrpH~HHoi-i OTKa3a Emf3aneTbi na3BaTb ero
HM.H 6biJia 3a6oTa 0 CBOeH co6CTBeHHOH ITOJIHTll~ec­
KOH ne3aBHCllMOCTll. 0Ha ue ocMeJiuBaJiaCb Ha3BaTb ll
I<JIIO~CBYIO qmrypy B03MO)KHOI'O rrepeBOpOTa, KOTOpbiH
MOf 6bi JllllllllTb ee TpOHa. IJ03llU:ll5.1 KOpOJieBbi 6biJia
.n:onoJibHO y.H3BHMoi1:: He )KeJIM rrepeKJIIo~aTb nepnocTb
cnoHx rro.n:.n:annhrx na .n:pyroro, ona nee 6oJiee ycJIO)K-
H.HJia rrpo6JieMy )KeHcKoro rrpaBJICHll.H B MY)KCKOM
MHpe.
HecMoTp.H Ha TO, ~To EJIH3aneTa 6brJia )KeH!l.(ll-
HOH, OHa CTpCMllJiaCb y6e,n:llTb BCeX, ~TO .HBJI.HeTC.H
e,n:HHCTBCHHOH, KTO MO)KeT 3aHHMaTb aHfJillHCKllll rrpe-
CTOJI. 0Ha He XOTeJia ycJIO)KH.HTb ITOJIO)KeHllC ,li;CJI,
Bhr6pan ce6e My)Ka llJill HacJie,n:HHKa. KopoJiena ll ee
CITO,li;Bll)KHllKll CTpeMllJillCb C03,n:aTb aTpH6yTHKY MO-
HapXllHll, BbiXO,li;.H llpll 3TOM 3a paMKll yCTaHOBJieHHO-
I'O H,n:eaJia )f{eHIU:llHbr. CTepeoTHIT )KeHIUHHbi XVI neKa
ne rro,n:nepraJic.H H3MeneHHIO. EJIH3aneTa rrpHH.HJia ,n:JI.H
ce6.H 3TOT llMll,li;:>I< ll ~aCTO ITO,li;CMellBaJiaCb Ha,n: CBOUM
rroJioM. Kor,n:a B 1598 ro.n:y ee rroxnaJIHJill 3a crroco6-
HOCTll I< HHOCTpaHHbiM 5.13biKaM, OHa B OTBeT CKa3aJia:
~HeT Hll'-Iero He06bi~HOI'O B TOM, ~T06bi nay~UTb )KeH-
IUHIIY fOBOpllTb; ropa3,n:O CJIO)KHee nay~llTb ee MOJI-
~aTb!:?27 Ona He cTpeMHJiacb H3MeHHTb H,n:eaJI, a cTpe-
~nvracb BbiHTll 3a ero paMI<ll, y6e,n:HB BCeX B TOM, ~TO
OHa HC .HBJI.HeTC.H 06biKIIOBeHHOli )KeHIUllHOH. IJopa3ll-
TCJlbHO TO, ~TO B IT033llll ll Ha rrOpTpeTaX OHa BCer,n:a


R ====K=o=p=o=.l!..=e=E=a=H=n=p=e=c=T=O=.l!..=== B
npe,n:cTaBaJia B o6pa3e o6o)l(aeMo}i 6orHHH HJm He-
rrp11KOCHoBeHHOH ,n:eBbi, HO HI1KOr,n:a - 06bl'-IHOI1 )l(eH-
Jll11HOH. 0Ha 6brJia He6ecHoH 6or11Heii:, CeJienoii, .llrr-
aHOH 11JII1 5eJibcpe6o}i, ,n:eBCTBei-IHOH ACTped! HJIH ,n:eB-
CTBemmueH-BeCTaJIKOH, HeiiOKOpHbiM ropHOCTaeM HJI11
YH11KaJihHbiM cpeHI1KCOM.
KopoJieBa cpa3y YTBep,n:11Jia cno11 rrpeTeH31111 Ha
H36paHHOCTb, H COCTaBHOH "tJaCTbiO :no}i 1136paHHOCTI1
cTaJI ee CTaryc He3aMy)l(HeH )l(eHJlli1Hbi. BbrcTyrra5I rre-
pe.n: rrepBbiM rrapJiaMeHTOM, OHa CKa3aJia: ~B I<OHUe
KOHUOB, .li:JI5I MeH5I ,n:OCTaTOl.JHO TOfO, "tJTO Ha,n:rpo6na5I
na,n:III1Cb Ha MpaMOpe 6y,n:eT r JiaCI1Tb, "tJTO KOpOJieBa,
OCTaBMCb y BJiaCTI1 CTOJibKO BpeMeHI1, )l(HJia 11 yMep-
Jia ,n:eBCTBenn11UeH». TeMa 6brJia MOMenTaJibHO rro.n:-
XBa"tJena H rroJiy"tJI1Jia nmpoKoe pacnpocTpanen11e. B
1582 ro.n:y ToMac 5enTJII1 rrocB5ITI1JI ~llaM5ITHI1K MaT-
pan» En"113aBeTe KaK .n:eBCTBennoH neBeCTe Xp11cTa 11
MaTep11 uepKBI1. EJI113aBeTa 6biJia He rrpocTO ,n:eBCTBen-
H11Ue:i1:, ona copeBHOBaJracb c nenopo"l!HOH ,lleuo}i Ma-
p11eH B 3TOM 3Baiil111. B 1960 ro.n:y ,ll)l(OH ,llayJICH:J: BO
~BTOpOH KH11re rrecen» rrpOTI1BOIIOCTaBHJI IICCHI1 B
"tJeCTb EJI113aBeTbi MOJII1TBaM K ,lleBe Map1111, ~BI1BaT
EJI113aBeTa» BMecTo ~ABe Mapmr>>. Bci<ope rrocJie ee
CMepT11, B 1603 ro,ny II05ID11Jil1Cb rpaBIOpbl C 11306pa-
)l(eHI1eM KOpOJieBbi, Ha KOTOpbiX 6biJIO namrcauo:
Kopo11010 6JLUcmaR 11a ttelle,
Tbt n epB010 6buza 1la eceu 3eMJle;
H cmaJla, npeepamuewucb e eeltubtii npax,
Bmopou ce.Rmou M apueu e ue6eca~.
(TiepeBo,n: C. fop5IHHOBa, T. fop5I:fmoBoi1)
Emr3aBeTa ,n:eHCTBI1TeJibHO 6hiJia Bl>IIIlC BCCX CMep-
THbiX. B 6aJIJia,n:e 1587 ro.n:a roBopHJIOCb:


@Zit
EMt:3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKa.SI
~
l'l'U..=====~JI!
0 KopoAeea, 6o)KUU ceem eo Ml.Tle,
Te6e 'He 6yaem paeubtX ua 3eMlle 28•
(IIepeBo,n; C. fop.Sill:HoBa, T. fop.Sill:HoBoll:)
EJIH3aBeTa He 6biJia rrpocTO ,n;eBCTBeHHHuell:. B He-
KOTopoM CMbiCJie OHa 6biJia 3aMy)KeM 3a aHrJIHHCI<HM
KOpOJICBCTBOM B UeJIOM. B03MO)KHO, HMeHHO TaK OHa
3a5IBHJia CDOCMJ rrepBOMY rrapJiaMeHTJ, rrpo,n;eMOHCTpH-
poBaB B KalleCTBe CHMBOJia CBOHX 06.SI3aTeJibCTB KOpO-
HaUHOI-IHOe I<OJibUO. EcJIH ::na HCTOpH.SI H .SIBJI.HeTc.H
BbiMbiCJIOM, OHa 6hiJia ,li;OBOJibHO IIOIIYJI.HpHOH, H MHO-
fMC B Hee BepHJIH. B 1599 ro,n;y caMa KopoJieBa o6pa-
maJiacb KO ~BCeM CBOHM MY)Kb.HM, CBOHM ,n;o6pbiM JIIO-
,li;.HM~. 0Ha 6biJia He TOJibKO )KeHOH, HO H MaTepbiO. B
1559 ro,n;y EJIH3aBeTa, B03MO)KHO, cKa3aJia cJie,n;yro-
mee: <<Bee Bbi, BCe )KHBYIUHC aHrJIHl!aHe - MOH ,n;eTH
H KpOBHbie po,n;cTBeHHHKH~. B IIaJiaTe 06rn:IIH B 1563
ro,n;y EJin3aBeTa 3a5IBHJia: <<XOT.H rrocJie Moell: cMepTH
y BaC 6y,n;eT He O,li;Ha Mal!eXa, HH O,li;Ha H3 HHX He
6y,n;eT BaM HCT.HHHOH MaTepbiO, KaKOH 6biJia ,li;JI5l BaC
H~. CchiJIKa Ha ,n:eBCTBeHHyro MaTh 6hiJia rrpHH.HTOH
l'vieTa<Popoli: B ee pel!aX K rrapJiaMCHTY H JIHl!HbiX MO-
JIHTBax: <<CoxpaHH, fOCIIO,li;H, MaTb H ,n;eTeH, I<OTOpbiX
Tbi ell: ,n;aJI, l.JT06bi Mbi MOfJIU CJIY)KHTb Te6e eme JIYl.I-
IIIC BO 6Jiaro TBOeH 6e,n;HOH uepKBH~. TaK OHa MOJIH-
JiaCb B 1579 ro,n;y29 . l1TaK, EJin3aBeTa BbiCTyrraJia B
pOJIH )KCHI..U:HHbi, KOTOpa.H CTOHT Bbiiiie BCeX OCTaJib-
HbiX )KeH:W:.YIH. 0Ha 6biJia He IIpOCTO ,n;enCTBCHI-IHUCH,
a ,n;eBCTBeHHI-m;eil, paBHoll: MapHH, He rrpocTO )l<enoll:,
a :JKCHOH KOpOJICBCTBa, He IIpOCTO MaTepbiO, a MaTepbiO
aHrJinirau n aHrJiniiciColl: uepKBH. He 6biJia or-ra H npo-
CTO ,n;ollepbiO: oHa 6biJia ,n;ollepbro feHpHxa VIII.
Em13aBeTa ueJieHarrpaBJICHHO B3biBaJia K rraM.HTH
CBOero OTI~a H IIOCTO.HHHO OTO:JK,ll;eCTBJI.HJia ce6.H C


~
KopoAeaa H npecToA
~
lll~=============A>rJ'l
HHM - rpa¢ cDepmr 3aMeTHJI 3TO erue .n:o CMepTH
Mapnn. Kor,n:a no npeM51 KopoHau:noHHOM rrpou:eccmr
EJin3aBeTa ycJibiiiiaJia Kpm< B TOJirre: ~BcrroMHHTe eTa-
pore KopoJI51 feHpnxa VIII!~, oHa crreu:naJibHO o6pa-
niJia BHHMai-me Ha 3TO o6cT051TeJibCTBO, YJibi6Hymuncb
B OTBeT Ha KpHK. EcTeCTBeHHO, 3TOT CJiy"l£aH ITOJIY'-IHJI
OTpa~r<eHne B o¢nu:naJibHbiX OPieTax. B rrapJraMeHTC
B 1559 ro.n:y OHa 3a51BHJia: <<Mbr Ha.n:eeMC51 pyKono-
.ZJ:HTb, yrrpaBJI51Tb H COXpaH51Tb Hallie KOpOJICBCTBO B
Tai<OH )Ke crrpaBCJJ:JIHBOCTH, MHpC If IlOKOe, B I<aKUX
OHO rrpe6biBaJIO BO BpCM51 rrpaBJieHI151 MOCfO 0Tl{a~ 30 •
EJIH3aBeTa H36paJia fenpnxa CBOHM I<YMHpOM, .n:py-
fHM OCTaBaJIOCb JIHIIIb rrpeB03HOCUTb ero .n:o6po.n:eTe-
JIH. B 1560 ro.n:y cap ToMac l.faJIOHep, .n:nrrJIOMaT n
CTapbiH .n:pyr BnJib51Ma CecnJia, rrocB51THJI cnoiO ~In
Laudern Henrici Octavi Carmen panegiricurn~ ( ~xna­
Jie6Ha51 rrecHb n "lfeCTb feHpuxa VIIh.
-
Peo.) Ho-
no:ii: KopoJiene. Em13aBeTa rrpeTeH.n:onaJia Ha My)KeCT-
BeHHOCTb CBOero OTI~a, "l£TO IlO.ZJ:t.Iepi<HBaJIOCb H B ee
pe"lfaX B rrapJiaMeHTe B 1566 fOlf.Y, H B 3a51BJieHU51X
rrocJiaHHHI<Y l1crraHcKHX Hn.n:epJiaH.n:on B 1576 ro.n:y.
Bo npeM51 rrpneMOB B cnoeM JIH..IHOM Ka6nHeTe B Ya:ii:-
TXOJIJie OHa CH.ZJ:eJia na ¢oHe fOJib6e:ii:HOBCKOM ¢peCKH
C H306pa)KeHHeM .ZJ:HHaCTHH TIOlf.OpOB, B l{CHTpe KOTO-
po:ii: Bbilf.eJI51JiaCb ¢Hrypa fenpuxa.
EJm3aBeTa ncer.n:a 6biJia oco6emw:ii:, a mn<aK He
~rrpocTO:ii:~ )I<enruuno:ii:. Ona rro,n:"l£eprmnaJia cBoil KOH-
TpacT C OCTaJibHbiMH )KeHIUHHaMH, He rrpene6pera51
nx xpyrrKOCTbiO, HO 3aKpemm 3a co6o:ii: oco6oe rroJI-
O)Kenue, CB5I3anHoe c KopoJieBCI<UM caHOM. B 1563
ro.n:y oHa ronopnJia n llaJiaTe 06ru:uH, "l£TO ~6y.n:y'm
)KeJirunnoil, xoTeJra 6br o6pecTu yM n rraM51Tb>>. Bo3-
MO){<HO, OHa H .ZJ:QJI)l(Ha 6biTb MOJI"l£aJIHBOll, ~HO BCC
)Ke KOpOJieBCKHH CaH H I<OpOJieBCI<HH TpOH, I<OTOpbiH


m ===E=A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=-=cK=a=H==B
onpe,UCJICII (XOT5I II HC,UOCTOi:hiO:t'I) MHC EorOM~, ,n:a-
BaJI e:H yBcpemiOCTb. Oua 6brJia l'WHapxoM, H36paH-
HbiM EoroM II na,n:eJienHbiM BCCMH Ka...recTBaMH, Heo6-
xo,n:HMbiMH ,UJI5I MOHapxa: na HCC HliKTO IIC MOf OKa-
3aTb ,UaBJICIIH.H!
~XOT5I 5I li :>I<CHIIJ;IIHa, -
fOBOpHJia ona nap-
JiaMCHTCKOH ,UCJieraUHH B 1563 ro,n:y, -
BCC )l<C 5I
o6Jia,n:aro .n:ocTaTO':IHOH ,n:oJieH: MY)I<CCTBa, KaK II
MOH OTCU, 'ITO COOTBCTCTBYCT 3aHHMaCMOMY MHOH
MecTy. 5I Barna EoroM .n:anna.H KopoiieBa. Men.H
HCB03MO)I<H0 3aCTaBHTb ,UCHCTBOBaTb CliJIO"f:J:. 5I
6Jiaro.n:apna Eory, ':ITO on na,n:eJIHJI MCH.H TaKHMH
Ka':ICCTBaMH, 'ITO, CCJIH 6bi 5I OCTaJiaCb 3a npe,n:-
CJiaMH MOCfO KOpOJICBCTBa B O,UHOH Hli)I<HCH I06Ke,
5I CMOfJia 6bi )I<liTb B JII060M MCCTC XpHCTHaHCKO-
ro MHpa~.
3TH I<a':ICCTBa 6biJili ,n:aHbi CIT I<ai< HaMCCTHHKY
Eora. B MOJIHTBe, KOTopyro mra namrcaJia OKOJIO 1579
rona, EJIH3aBeTa 6Jiaro.n:apHJia Eora 3a TO, 'ITO oH
C,UCJiaJI ee ~ ..• (xon:I II CJia6oi1: )I<CHIIJ;HHOH) CBOCH Ha-
l\1CCTHHUCM, ~IT06bi BOITJIOIIJ;aTb B )I<H3Hb ,UOKTpliHbi CfO
.n:opororo cbma Mncyca XpHcTa~ 31 • Ey,n:y':IH HaMec-
THHU:ei1 Eora, OHa cTaHOBHJiacb paBHOH MY)K~mHaM. B
1581 ro,n:y KOpOJICBa 3a5IBHJia: <<BO MHC cep,n:ue My)I<-
':IHHbi, a He )KCHIIJ:HHbi, II MHC neqero 6o.HTbC5I~. K
1586 ro.n:y oua .n:errcTBIITCJibHO cTaJia 6oJiee cTorrKorr,
':ICM MIIOrHe MY)K"Lm:Hbr: )I<H3Hb <<IIay':IHJia Men.H 6oJiee
MY)I<CCTBCHHO BbiHOCHTb Bee H3MCHbi, ':ICM 3To ,n:eJiaiOT
npe,n:cTaBHTCJibH11I~bi Moero noJia, .n:a 'ITO TaM, 6oJree
MY)KCCTBCHHO, ':ICM MHOrHe MY)K"LIHHbi!~ EJIH3aBeTa
6oiJia :iKCHIIJ;liHOH C My:>r<:CKOM CHJIOH BOJIH - OHa o6-
Jia,n:ana 6oJibiiiliM My)I<eCTBOM, ':ICM o6br':Inbre MY)I<t.J:H-
Hbi. B 3IIaMermToH: pequ, o6pamer-mo:i1: K o6be,UHHCH-


~
KopoAesa H npecTOA
~
lil'U.====~Jil
HbiM BoifeKaM B THJI6ep11 B 1588 ro.uy, "'!eTKO Bbipa311-
Jiaeb ee rrpeTeH3115I Ha rrpeBOeXO,UeTBO: <<5! 3HaiO, "'ITO
y MeHJI TeJIO eJia6oif )l(eHI.l.ll1Hbi, HO eep,n:ue 11 My)l(eeT-
BO y MeHJI KOpOJieBeKMe, IIplrlleM, aHrJII1HeKOfO KOpO-
JI5!!~32 EJI113aBeTa 6biJia rroJI11TWieeKI1M repMacppo,n:I1-
TOM: KOpOJieBOH 11 KOpOJieM B O,UHOM JII1Ue .
.[(eBeTDeHHaJI )l(eHa 11 MaTh, ,UO"'lb KOpOJI5I feHp11-
xa VIII, naMeeTH11Ua Bora, o6Jia,n:aBIIIM MY:>I<eeTBOM
I<opoJI5I - nee 3TO B03BbiiiiaJio EJI113aBeTy Ha,n: ee rroJI-
OM. 0Ha BbiiiiJia 3a paMK11, orpaHI1"'!11BaiOI.l.ll1e 11,n:eaJI
)KeHI.l.li1Hbi.
.[(mr Jiop.ua EepJI11 B KOHUe ero )1(113I-II1
OHa 6biJia ~My,n:peifiiie:il113 Beex )l(eHI.l.li1H, IIOTOMY "'ITO
pa3611paJiaeb B 11HTepeeax 11 HpaBax Beex KopoJieH:
eBOero BpeMeHI1, a ee 3HaHI15I 0 eo6eTBeHHOM KOpO-
JieBeTBe 6biJII1 HaeTOJibKO eOBepiiieHHbi, "'ITO Hl1 O,U11H
eoBeTHI1K He eMOf IIp11HeeTI1 BeeTb, ,UOeeJie eM Hei13-
BeCTHYIO~. 0Ha 6biJia IIO"'ITI1 eBepx"'IeJIOBeKOM 11 y)l(
TeM 6oJiee enepx)l(eHI.l.li1HOH. BI1Jib5IM KaM,n:eH 3aMe-
"'!aJI: ~My)l(eK11MI1 o6JI3ai-IHOeT5IMI111 3a6oTaMI1 OHa IIO-
,n:aBI1Jia n ee6e enoH: rroJI~. Po6epT Cee11JI 6biJI MeHee
I.l.le.Up Ha KOMIIJII1MeHTbi - OHa 6biJia ~Bbiiiie BeJIKOfO
MY)I('-Il1Hbi, HO, no rrpaB.ue roBopJI, 11Hor.ua H11)!(e o6bi"'l-
HOH )!(eHI.l.li1Hbi~. EJI113aBeTa paeeMaTp11BaJia ee6JI KaK
"'IY ,UO, 11eKJIIO"'lei-me 113 npaBI1JI, 11 TaK ee BOeiip11HI1Ma-
JII1 nee oKpy)l(aiOI.l.ll1e. B 6aJIJia,n:e na ee eMepTb 6biJII1
eTpOim:
II. ep)f(a6HO npaeumb AHzJZueu cmapaJtcb,
c MY)f('lfll1iOU 1-te aeJZJl M01taputeu aolllt,
Bc10 6JZacmb 1-leCJZa oa1-la mbt 1101te60J7e,
Jluutb )f(e1ll«U1l070 cJZa6ou ocmaea;lcb33.
(Ilepeno.u C. fopJIH:Hona, T. fopHH:nonoH:)
Bee 3TO rrpe,n:CTaBJIHJIOeb B03MO)!(HbiM, )Kemi~I1Ha
MOrJia npaBI1Tb 11 MOfJia IIO,UH5ITbe5I Ha,U eBOCH rrp11p0-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKaH
~
lll~=====A>T"Jil
,n:Hoii cJra6ocTbiO, rroToMy qTo 6brJia II36pana EoroM.
EJIH3anera npHCBOHJia ce6e 3Baime 6o}[<beii noMa3aH-
HIIUhr; 3TO COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO paccy:>K,n:eHH5IM KaJibBH-
Ha o TOM, ~ITO Eor Bni6HpaeT :>KeHIIlliH-npaBHTeJieii
,n:Jm BbiiTOJIHCHHSI oco6brx 3a.;J;a~r. B EJIJI3aBeTe 6LrJio
CllJibHO pa3BllTO qyBCTBO H36paiUUPICCTBa II 6mKbCfO
paCIIOJIO:>KCHH5I. B HaqaJie CBOero npaBJieHH5I OHa CKa-
3aJia Conery: <<MeH5I H3YMJI5IeT rpy3, B03JimKeHHbiH
Ha Merm. II nee :>Ke, rrpii3HaBa5I ce65I 6o:>KbHM co3,n:a-
HHCM, KOTOpOe .li:OJI:>KHO IIpHHSITb CBOe Ha3Haqerme, 5I
rro.n:'HIH5IIOCh, B rJiy6IIHe .n:yrnH :>KeJIM, qTo6hr Bor He
OCTaBHJI JI.!CHSI CBOeH IIOMOlllbiO B HCIIOJIHeHHH CfO 6o-
:>KeCTBCHHOH BOJIH Ha TOM IIOCTY, KOTOpbiH 6biJI MHe
HM BBepeH~. Paccy:>K,n:eHHSI EJIH3aBeTbi oTpa:>KaJIH
B3fJI51.ll:bi ,l{:>KOHa ClJOKCa, KOTOpbiH cqHTaJI, qTo foc-
IIO.ll:b xpaHHJI II 3allliilllaJI ee BO BpeM5I rrpaBJieHH5I
Map1111, qTo6bi OHa CMOfJia BITOCJie,n:CTBIIII B03pO,n:HTb
EnaHreJIHe. B MOJIIITBax, HanHcaHHbiX OKOJIO 1579
ro.n:a, KopoJieBa rrpocHJia Bora .n:ep:>KaTb ee ~no.n: Kpbr-
JIOM CBOeii 6mi<eCTBeHHOH BJiaCTH, KaK 3TO 6biJIO C ee
po:>K,n:eHH5I~. Bor c,n:eJiaJI ee KopoJieBoii: <<OH B03Hec
MeH5I II )lapoBaJI MHe CBOeH 6o:>KeCTBeHHOH BOJieH
TpOH~, <<ITOMCCTIIB MeH5I 113 TIOpbMbi BO .li:BOpeu II c,n:e-
JiaB MOHapXHHCH BCero aHrJIHHCKOfO Hapo,n:a~ 34 •
Tio,n:TBCp:>K,n:eHIIe TOfO, qTo OHa 6biJia H36paHHOH
DOfOM KOJ:>OJICBOH, 3aKJIIO.._IaJIOCb B ee ycrrexe, KOTO-
pbiH Emi3aBeTa paccMaTpHBaJia KaK 3HaK 6o:>Kbero 6Jia-
ronoJieHH5I. B 1576 ro,n:y KopoJieBa roBopHJia rrapJia-
MeHTy: ~}I He Mory OTHeCTH Ha CBOH cqeT BCe BblllaB-
ume JI.II-Ie CJIY'.J:a}iHOCTH H y,n:aqH, He yMaJIHB IIpH 3TOM
pOJib npomr,n:eHH5I~ - H ,n:o6aBHJia: ~Bee 3TH 17 JieT
rociTO/{b 6JiarorrpH5ITCTBOBaJI BaM H 3aiUHIUaJI BaC IIO.ll:
MOHM pyKOBO.li:CTBOM~. To :>Ke CaMoe OHa IIOBTOpHJia H
B BhiCTYTIJICHHH rrepe,n: CBOHM IIOCJie,n:IIHM rrapJiaMeH-


R ====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=n=p=e=c=T=O=A=== l}jl
TOJI.I B 1601 ro,n;y: ~Bory (B "t!eCTb KOTOporo $I fOBOpiO,
He XBaJI$ICb II He DpHCBaHBM ce6e -..IY)KHX 3aCJiyr)
6biJIO yro.n;no npoaecTH MCH$! -qepe3 T$I)KeJibie HCnhrTa-
nnH II onaCHOCTII CTpaHHOfO II HeiTOH$ITHOfO CBOHCTBa
)l;JI$! TOro, "t!T06bi C)l;eJiaTb IICIIOJIHIITCJieM CBOeM 60)KbeH
BOJIH, CITaCa$! rocy,n;apCTBO OT 6e,n;bi, a MeH$! - OT
6ec"t!eCTII5I»-.
llapa,n;OKCaJibHbiM o6pa30M )KeHCKiill ITOJI
EJIII3aBeTbi cTaJI ee opy.n;IIeM nponaraH,n;br: ecJIH )KeH-
IUHHa MO)KeT )l;OCTOHHO rrpaBHTb, 3Ha"t!HT OHa ITOJib3y-
eTC5I noMep)KKOii: Bora. Jiop.n;-xpamiTeJib llaKepHHr
HCITOJib30BaJI 3TOT apryMeHT Ha OTKpbiTHH napJiaMeH-
Ta B 1593 ro.n;y: ~Bor ,n;aJI npaao cJia6oMy noJiy H
3aCTaBIIJI HaC BOCXHIUaTbC$! ee ,n;eJIHH5IMH rrpe)K)l;e, "tJeM
Mbl CMOfJIH ycoMHHTbC5I B ee ycrrexe»-
35 • Bor ITOMOraJI
KOpOJieBe, H 3TO pa3pyrnaJIO CKeiiTH"t!eCKOe OTHOIIIe-
HHe K B03MQ)KHOCTH )KeHIUHH HaXO,ll}ITbC5I y BJiaCTH.
Co3HaHHe Emi3aBeToii I caoero 6o)KeCTBeHHoro
Ha3Ha"t!eHU5I ,n;aBaJIO eii: ITCUXOJIOfli"t!eCKHe CHJibl cnpaB-
JIJITbC$1 C rraTpHapXaJibHOll CHCTeMOH, 6biTb 60Jibiiie
"t!el\·I )J(eHIUHHOii: H npaBHTb MY)K"t!HnaMH. Ho xoTH OHa
B orrpe,n:eJieHHOM CMhiCJie H 6biJia H36pana BoroM, ace
rrpaBHTeJIH TaK li.TUI HHa"lle CtlliTaJIHCb 60)KbliMH Ha-
MeCTHHKaMH. Ee ynepeHHOCTb, rroMHMO npotrero, KO-
peHHJiacb B TOM, "t!TO OHa OIUyll(aJia CBOIO npHHa,n;-
Jie)KHOCTb K "t!HCJIY rrpaBHTeJiell MIIpa, H B qyBCTBe
KopoJieacKoro .n;ocTOHHCTBa. B 1582 ro.n;y ona OT"t!HTa-
Jia rpyrrrry ,n;aTCKHX ITOCJiaHHIIKOB: ~Bbl, canmKIHIKH,
TKa'-IH li epeTHKH, Kar< CMeeTe Bbi fOBOJYHTb B TaKHX
Bbipa)KeHH5IX C qeJIOBeKOM, B KOTOpOM TeqeT KOpO-
JieBCKa.H KpOBb, c repuoroM AJic:urcoHCKHM! 5I xoqy,
"t!T06bi Bbl 3HaJIH, qTO rrpH 06IUeHHII C HHM HJ1H CO
Mnoil Bbi naxo,n;HTeCb B upHCYTCTBHH .n;nyx ne.mrr-mii:-
IIIHX rrpaBHTeJiefi XpHCTHaHCKOfO MHpa»-
36 • JlerHTliM-
HOCTb npanJieHH5I EJIH3aBeTbi 6biJia .UJI5I Hee nanmo:H


ftl===E=Jl=H=3=a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=Jl=H=tf=c=K=a=.si== B
no,n:,n:ep)I<KOH, Be,Ub HeCMOTp5I Ha CBOH ITOJI, OHa 6niJia
3aKOHHOH npaBRTeJibHRUeH. 3TO 6niJia y,n:o6Ha5I IT03R-
Ull5I BHYTPR KOpOJieBCTBa, HO BO BHeUIHeH IIOJiliTliKe
eli nprrxo,n:rrJIOCb CTaJIKrrBaTbC5I c npo6JieMaMrr. Orra
npo.n:omKaJia pacueHrrBaTb MaprriO CTIOapT KaK Kopo-
JieBy ,n:aiKe nocJie ee oTpet.IeHrr5I B 1567 ro.n:y rr, noxa-
IKe, 6niJia rrcKpeHne HanyraHa TeM, KaK lllOTJiaH,UUbi
OT3biBaJIRCb 0 CBOeli KOpOJieBe. 0TKa3 EJIR3aBeTbi
MCKJIIOt.IMTb Mapnro M3 t.IMCJia HacJie,n:HMKOB arrrJirrH:-
cKoro npecToJia B 1572 ro.n:y, ee HeiKeJiaHne cy.n:a Ha,n:
MaprreH: B 1586 ro.n:y n ncKpeHHMli rHeB n rope nocJie
Ka3HM Maprrn B 1587 ro.n:y (rHeB 3TOT 6nrJI eme 6oJiee
ycMJieH HeiTOHMMaHMeM TOrO, l.J:TO OHa ,UOJIIKHa 6biJia
Ha 3TO COrJiaCRTbC5I) 5IBJI5IJIMCb OTpaiKeHMeM npM3Ha-
HM5I KopoJieBcKoro cTaryca Mapnn.
B 1565 ro.n:y EJinsaneTa 3a5IDMJia, t.ITO, ~npnHa,n:­
JieiKa K Mnpy BCHUeHocueB, oHa HMKor.n:a He no.n:.n:ep-
)ImT ITO,U,UaHHbiX B HeiTOCJiylllaHRM CBOMM MOHapxaM,
ITOTOMY l.J:TO ITOMHMO yrpbi3eHI-IH COBeCTii, KOTOpbie 6y-
.UYT ee ,UOHRMaTb, BCeMoryiUHH fOCITO,Ub, Bep05ITHO,
cnpaBe,n:JirrBo OTBeTHT no.n:o6Hoi1 IKe 6e.n:oli B ee co-
6cTBeHHOM KopoJieBCTBe~. Ha caMoM ,n:eJie, orra c rre-
oxoToli no,n:,n:epiKMBaJia BOCCTaHI-Ie npOTeCTaHTOD B
liloTJiaH,n:rrrr, <DpaHUIU-I M Hn.n:epJiaH,n:ax, 6o5Icb, t.ITO
HapyineHrre npaB JII06oro .n:pyroro npaBrrTeJI5I MOIKeT
osrra':laTb noTepro ee co6cTBeHHoro BJIM5IHM5I. EJirrsa-
BeTa HaCTarrBaJia Ha KOpOJieBCKOM ,UOCTOMHCTBe KaK
Ha cnoco6e no.n:,n:epiKaHR5I CBOeif BJiaCTll, M CBOli CTa-
Tyc IKeHIURHbi OHa o6Jiat.IMJia B ITJiaiU KOpOJieBCKOI'O
Bemr'lrr5I. Bo BpeM5I nocJie,n:neH: 6oJiesnrr B 1603 ro.n:y
B OTBeT rra cJioBa Po6epTa CecnJia, 'ITO eli cJie,n:yeT
Jie'Jb B ITOCTeJib, OHa OTBeTMJia: ~He,n:OCTOHHbiH qeJIO-
BeK, CJIOBO ~CJie,n:yeT~> He ,l{OJIIKHO nprrMeH5ITbC5I K KO-
pOJI5IM! ~. EJIH3aBeTa 6niJia )KeHIURHOH, HO CBepx 3TO-


~======K=o=p=O=A=e=B=a=H==n=p=e=C=T=OA======~
ro OI-Ia 6biJia MOHapxoM. KaK OI-Ia cKa3aJia 3a uecKOJibKO
He,ZJ;eJib ,ZJ;O CBOeH CMepT.H: ~Mo:i1 IIOJI He MO)KeT yMeHb-
Ill.HTb MOM rrpecT.H)K~37.
TIPHMELIAH:VUI 11 CCbiJIKH
1. Nichols J 1823 The Progresses and Public Pro-
cessions of Queen Elizabeth (3 vols). Nichols,
vol. 1 pp. 38-60
2. Becan T 1844 Prayers and Other Pieces, Ayre J
(ed.), Parker Society, p. 227
3. Wernham R B 1966 Before the Armada. Cape,
p. 237; Harrison G B (ed.) 1938 The Elizabet-
han Journals, 1591-1603 (3 vols). Routledge &
Kegan Paul, vol. 1 p. 126
4. de Maisse A H 1931 A Journal of All That Was
Accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse. Nonsuch,
p. 115; Emmison F G 1970 Elizabethan Life:
disorder. Essex. County Council, p. 57; Barton
A 1981 Harking back to Elizabeth: Ben Jonson
and Caroline nostalgia, English Literary Histo-
ry48: 711
5. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 Proceedings in the Par-
liaments of Elizabeth I, 1558-1581. Leicester, p.
94; Read C 1925 Mr Secretary Walsingham and
the Policy of Queen Elizabeth (3 vols). Oxford,
vol. 1 p. 320; Haugaard W P 1981 Elizabeth
Tudor's Book of De·ootions, Sixteenth Century
Journal 12: 96
6. Smith L B 1975 Elizabeth Tudor: portrait of a
queen. Hutchinson, p. 120
7. Calendar of Salisbury Manuscripts vol. 1 p. 158
~


'R==E=A=H=J=a=B=eT=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=CK=a=n== lfJ
8. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 pp. 64, 110
9. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 464
10. Read C 1925 vol. 1 pp. 402-3
11. Read C "1955 Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen
Elizabeth. Cape, p. 211. There is useful new
material on these manoeuvres and the public res-
ponse to them In Bernard G W (forthcoming) A
mid-Tudor chronicle, Camden Miscellany. (I am
grateful to Dr Bernard for allowing me to see
his transcript of this document.)
12. Neale J E 1979 Queen Elizabeth I. Panther edn,
p. 143
13. Johnson P 1974 Elizabeth I: a study in power
and intellect. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p. 112;
Read C 1925 vol. 1 p. 292
14. Melvil J 1683 The Memoires Scott G (ed. ), p.
49; Naunton R 1641 Fragmenta regalia, or ob-
servations on the late Queen Elizabeth, her ti-
mes and favorits, p. 6
15. Williams N 1967 Elizabeth, Queen of England.
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 129-30; Smith L B
1975 p. 125
16. Camden W 1675 The History of the Most Re-
nowned and Victorious Princess Elizabeth, p.
269
17. ReadE P, Read C (eds) 1951 Elizabeth of En-
gland: certain observations concerning the life
and reign of Queen Elizabeth by John Clap-
ham. Pennsylvania, p. 68
18. Pollard A F 1919 The History of England from
the Accession of Edward VI to the Death of
Elizabeth (2nd edn). Longmans, Green, pp. 181,
244, 326
19. Read C 1955 p. 357
~


~
Kopo.ll.eBa H npecTo.ll.
~
lll~=========~JI1
20. Read C 1955 p. 266
21. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 pp. 59-60
22. MacCaffrey W T 1968 The Shaping of the Eli-
zabethan Regime. Princeton, p. 210; Hartley T
.E (ed.) 1981 pp. 135, 138
23. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 14.8
24. Levine M 1966 The Early Elizabethan Successi-
on Question, 1558-1568. Stanford, p. 19; Firth
C H 1909 The ballad history of the reigns of the
later Tudors, Transactions of the Royal Histori-
cal Society 3rd series 3: 96
25. Read C 1955 p. 229; Neale J E 1979 pp. 113-14;
Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 147
26. Neale J E 1979 p. 113; Bernard G W (forthco-
ming)
27. de Maisse A H 1931 p. 110
28. Neale J E 1953 Elizabeth I and her Parliaments,
1559-1581. Cape, p. 49; Reisch A 1980 Queen
Elizabeth I and the persistence of patriarchy,
Feminist Review 4: 46-7; Yates F A 1975 As-
traea: the imperial theme in the sixteenth cen-
tury. Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 78-9
29. Camden W 1675 p. 27; Harington J 1804 Nugae
Antiquae (2 vols). Park T (ed.). Vernon & Hood,
vol. 1 p. 178; Reisch A 1980: 50; Haugaard W P
1981: 96
30. Nichols J 1823 vol. 1 p. 58; Tayler-Smither L J
1984 Elizabeth I: a psychological profile, Sixte-
enth Century Journal 15: 66
31. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 pp. 94, 148; Hauga-
ardWP1981:96
32. Williams N 1967 p. 290; Neale J E 1957 Eliza-
beth I and Her Parliaments, 1584-1601. Cape,
p. 118; Neale J E 1979 P. 302
~


33. Smith L B 1975 p. 81; Camden W 1675 p. 32;
Hanrington J 1804 vol. 1 p. 345; Williams N
1967 p. 354
34. Williams N 1967 p. 51; Haugaard W P 1981:
93-4
35. Neale J E 1953 pp. 364-5; Neale J E 1957 pp. 248,
428-9; Neale J E 1976 The Elizabethan House of
Conzmons. Fontana edn, p. 348
36. Smith L B 1975 pp. 62-3
37. Read C 1955 p. 345; Smith L B 1975 p. 61;
Calendar of State Papers Venetian, 1592-1603,
p. 533


fiiABA II
I<OPOAEBA 11 :QEPI<OBb
KaK TOJibKO Emi3aBeTa CTaJia KopoJieBoil, 3a
HeM cpa3y 3aKpenHJiaCb penyTaUHH ~npo6HBHOif•
)KeHIIlHHbi. AreHT C!>HJIHnrra II rpaq) cDepH5I .n;oKJla-
.ll:biBaJI 0 ee BJiaCTHOCTH, a IIMrrepCKHH IIOCJiaiiHliK
npe3pHTeJibHO 3aHBJIHJI: d!O,LI,06HO KpeCTbHHIUIY, TIO-
JlY'-lHBIIleMy THTYJI 6apoi-Ia, OHa, B30H,ll;H na TpOH,
Hal.JaJia JIOTiaTbCH OT rop,n;OCTH H B030MHHJia, l.JTO He
HMeeT cc6e paBHbiX>> 1
.
0Ha 6biJia 3anpaBHTCJibHH-
l(CH BCeX ,n;eJI, no.n;o6HO TOprOBKe pbi60H, OTl.JaCTH
6Jiaro.n;apH TOMy, l.JTO eM npHCJIOCb YTBCp)K,ll;aTb CBOIO
BJiaCTb Ha.n; CKenTHl.JeCKH HacTpoeHHbiMH MY)Kl.JHHa-
MH, H OTl.JaCTH TIOTOMy, l.JTO y Hee 6biJIO l.JYBCTBO
co6cTBeHnoro npe.n;Ha3Hal.JeHH5I. B JIWIHOM Momu-
BCHHHKe, COCTaBJICHHOM OKOJIO 1579 ro.n;a, Emi3a-
BCTa OT3biBaJiaCb 0 ce6e KaK 0 HaMeCTHHl(C nora,
npH3BaHHOH B03po.n;HTb EBaHreJiue, KaK o MaTepu
anrJIHHCKOH l(epKBH H 3aiJ~HTHHl(C TIOCTpa.n;aBIIJHX
3a Bepy. B CBOHX MOJIHTBaX OHa ,ll;CHCTBHTCJibHO cra-
paJiaCb BH,ll;CTb ce6H TaKOH, KaKOH ,ll;OJI)KCII 6biJI BH-
,ll;CTb ee Eor. Co3.n;aHHbiH eiO caMoA HMHJJ:)I< npe.n;-


IIOJiaraJI B HeM IIOKpOBI·fTeJibHHUY EBaHreJIH51, H K
CBOHM peJIHfl103HbiM 06513aHHOCT51M OHa OTHOCHJiaCb
co Bcei1 cepbe3HOCTbiO.
Cpe,n:H HCTOpHKOB rrpHH5ITO 6biJIO Cl:!HTaTb, l:!TO
EJIH3aBeTa Ha caMOM ,n:eJie Mallo 3a6oTHJiacb o pe-
JIHfHH H HCIIOJib30BaJia ee TOJibKO B Kal:!eCTBe IIOJIH-
THl:JeCKOfO opy,lJ;H51 ,lJ;JI51 IIO.n:,n:ep)KaHH51 IIOp51,n:Ka. 3TO
He COBCeM BepHO. 0Ha 6biJia peaJIHCTKOH, HO 3TO He
03Hal:!aeT ee paBHO.li:YIIIH51 K ,n:eJiaM peJIHfH03HbiM:
OHa CT05IJia 3a rrpaBe,n:HyiO peJIHfHIO, HO He CTaJia
6bi fJIYIIO pHCKOBaTb pa,n:H CBOHX y6e)K,n:eHHH. <l>aK-
Tbl CBH,lJ;eTeJibCTBYIOT 0 ee JIHl:!HbiX 06513aTeJibCTBaX
rrepe,n: peJIHfHeH, H OHa, KOHel:!HO, HeCJia MaCKY 6Jia-
fOl:!eCTH51. B 1544 ro.n:y oHa rrpoBeJia OKOJIO l:!eTbi-
pex MeC51UeB 3a rrepeBO,lJ;OM H C03,n:aHHeM TOl:!HOH
KOIIHH ~Mirror of a sinful soub ( ~3epuaJio rpeiii-
HOH ,n:yiiiH~) MaprapHTbi HaBappcKoii:, KHHrH, Ha-
rmcaHHOH B M51fKOM IIpOTeCTaHTCKOM ,n:yxe, a B IOHOC-
TH 6y,n:y~a51 KopoJieBa co3,n:aJia ce6e rrpH ,n:Bope
HMH,lJ;)K peJIHfH03HOH acKeTKH. CTaB KOpOJieBOH, OHa
Hal:!aJia Ka)K,n:oe yTpo rroce~aTb cJiy)K6y B cBoeM: -qa-
coBHe, H CBH,lJ;eTeJIH 3TOf0 cpa3y pa3HeCJIH CJIYX 0
ee 6Jiarol:!eCTHH. JlHl:!HbiH Tpe6nHK EJIH3aBeTbi rrpe.n:-
CTaBJI51JI 113 ce651 c6opHHK MOJIHTB Ha aHfJIHHCKOM,
¢paHUY3CKOM, HTaJib5IHCKOM, JiaTHHCKOM H rpel:!eC-
I<OM 513biKaX. C6opHIIK yKpaiiiaJIH MHHHaTIOpbi KHC-
TH XHJIJIHap,n:a, H306pa)KaBIIIHe CaMy KOpOJieBy H
ee rroKJIOHHHKa AJiaHcoHa. Ee MOJIHTBbi CBH,n:eTeJib-
CTBYIOT 0 TOM, l:JTO OHa HaXO,lJ;HJiaCb IIO.ll: B03,lJ;CH-
CTBHCM l:!YBCTBa C06CTBeHHOfO rpexa, paBHO KaK H
0 ee IIOHHMaHHH CBOeH 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Bora. 0Ha
o6paliJ;aJiaCb K CB5ITOMY ,Uyxy C MOJIHTBOH OKa3aTb
eii: no,n:,n:ep)KKY ,lJ;JI51 HCIIOJIHeHH51 BO)KbCH BOJIH: ~Jla
6y,n:eT TBOe KOpOJieBCTBO rrpe6biBaTb B MHpe; ,n:a 6y-


~
Kopo.hesa H 1.\epKOB:&
~
lll~==========A>'T.Jil
.ll;CT TBO.si U:CpKOBb Ha,n;eJieHa MOillbiO; ,n;a 6y.ll;CT TBOe
EnaHreJIMe rreqaTaTbC.si c pneHMeM; ,n;a 6y,n;eT rrpo-
u:neTaTb MOe rrpaBJICHMe; ,n;a 6y,n;eT MO.si )KM3Hb MC-
ITOJIHCHa cqacTbCM M ,n;a 6y,n;yT BeqHbiMM .si M TBOC
6Jiaroe pacrroJIO)KeHMe~ 2 .
Tpy.n;Ho COMHeBaTbC.si B TOM, qTo EJIM3aneTa Mc-
rrone.n;onaJia rrpoTecTaHTM3M. Ee MOJIMTBbi 6biJIM rrpo-
TecTaHTCKMMM M CO,n;Cp)KaJIM rropecpopMCHHbiM B3fJI.si,ll;
Ha crraceHMe qepe3 cJiy)KeHMe XpMcTy M orrpan,n;a-
HMe C.ll;MHCTBCHHO qepe3 Bepy. 0Ha C03HaBaJia, qTO
MCITOBe,n;yeT peJIMfMIO, OTJIMqHyiO OT peJIMfMM ee C0-
6paTbCB no TpoHy, M 6Jiaro.n;apMJia Bora, t.ITO oH ~c
.ll;CTCTBa Orpa,n;MJI ••• ~ ee ~ ••• OT 6e3,ll;OHHOM rrporracTM
HeBe)KeCTBa M rrpoKJI.siToro .si3biqecTna: ~ •• TaK, qTo
.si MOry HaCJia)K,n;aTbC.si CM.siHMCM rrpane,n;HOM peJIM-
fMM, qbM JiyqM HecyT c co6o:H neqHyiO )KM3Hb H cna-
ceHMe, B TO BpCM.si KaK eme MHOfMe KOpOJIH, rrpH-
HU:bi M rrpMHU:eCCbi )KMBYT B HeBe)KeCTBe, HaXO.ll;.siCb
no BJiacTM caTaHbi~. Bo npeM.si rrpanJieHM$1 MapMM
e:H, rrpan.n;a, rrpMIIIJIOCb rrpMcrroca6JIMBaTbC$1 K Tpe-
6onaHM$1M KaTOJIMqecKOM peJIMfMH, HO ee $1BHa$1 rrpH-
Bep)KeHHOCTb KaTOJIMU:M3MY rrp0$1BJI$1JiaCb JIMIIIb B
TO BpCM$1, KOf,n;a ORa HaXO.ll;MJiaCb ITO.ll; OC06eHHbiM
rro,n;o3peHMeM. Cno:H yKJIOH B cTopoHy KaTOJIMU:M3Ma
B 1561 ro,n;y OHa, B03MO)KHO, paccMaTpMBaJia KaK
rro.n;crropbe, qTo6bi BbiMTH JaMy)K 3a ,l[a.n;JIM. EcJIM
TaK, TO BCKOpe OHa OT :HOM M.ll;eM OTKa3aJiaCb. EJIM-
3aBeTa rrpeTeH,ll;OBaJia Ha pOJib M,n;eaJIMCTI<M, CTaB$1-
IlleM HCTMHHYIO peJIMfMIO Bbiiiie ITOJIMTMqecKMX pac-
qeTOB. B 1576 ro.n;y oHa o6paTMJiacb K napJiaMeHTY
C BOITpOCOM: <<ECJIH 6bi ITOJIMTMKa 6biJia Ba)KHee
rrpan,n;hi, KaK Bbi .n;yMaeTe, cTaJia 6bi .si, ,n;a)Ke B ca-
MOM HaqaJie CBOCfO rrpaBJieHM.si, MCH$1Tb KOpeHHbiM
o6pa30M rroJio)KeHMe ,n;eJI M 6pocaTbC$1 B Kpyrono-


pOT rrpOTHBOCTOBHHB H BO~H?• qepe3 10 ReT OHa
3aBBHRa rrapnaMeHTCKOH .n:enerau:HH, '-ITO 6bwa rroc-
Jiet~.oBaTeRbHOH pecpopMHCTKOH: ~KaK TORbKO B B3B-
Ra B pyKy CKHITeTp, MOe HOBOe ITORO:>KeHHe ITOTpe-
6oBaRO OT 1'1eHR HC 3a6biBaTb TOro, tfbeH MHROCTbiO
OH 6bW MHe ,UaH, II IT03TOMY R HatiaRa C BBe,UeHHR
TOll peRHfHH, B KOTOpOH 6bWa pO:>K,UeHa, BOCITI1Ta-
Ha 11 B KOTopoif, R Ha.n:eroch, yMpy• 3
•
06meCTBCHHaB MORBa OTO:>K,UeCTBRRRa KOpORe-
BY Enn3aBeTy c rrpoTecTaHTCKHM .UBH:>KeHHeM. BcKo-
pe ITOCRC ee BOCIIIeCTBHR Ha rrpeCTOR IIIOTRaH,UCKHH
pecpopMaTOp AneKcaH.n:p Ane3Hyc rrpHBeTCTBOBan ee
KaK rrpoTecTaHTCKyro repoHHIO 11 rrpeeMHHU:Y AI-IHbi
EoneifH, ocHoBaTeRbHHU:bi rrpoTecTaHTCKoro .UBH:>Ke-
HHR B AHrRHH. IlpHBep:>KeHHU:a npoTecTaHTH3Ma
repu:orHHR CycpcponKcKaR nHcana c 3HTY3Ha3MOM:
~ECRH H3paHRbTRHe BOCTOp:>KeHHO BOCITpHI-IHMaiOT
CBOIO ,lle6opy, TO C eme 60Rbiiieif BOCTOp:>KeHHOCTbiO
Mbl, aHrRHl.J:aHe, OTHOCHMCR K HaiiieH ERH3aBeTe>> 4 •
B 6anna.n:ax ee np11xo.n: K nnacTH H3o6pa:>KancR B
BH.Ue TpHyMcpa EnaHremrR 11 B03pO:>K.UeHHR H3rHaH-
HOro 6naroqeCTHR. 3TH TeMbi ITORYtiHRH ,UaRbHeif-
IIIee pa3BHTHe y ,ll:>KoHa cDoKca B 1563 ro.n:y. IIpo-
TecTaHTCI<aR RHTepaTypa cpa3y HatiaRa BbiXO,UHTb C
ITOCBBIUeHHeM HOBOH KOpOReBe: :>KeHCBCKOe l13,UaHHe
ncanMOB B 1559 ro.n:y, :>KeHeacKaR EH6RHR a 1560
fOJJ:Y H C60pHHKH 6narOt.IeCTHBbiX ,UeRHHH 3a BpeMR
npanneHHR. IIpoTecTaHTCKHe aBTOpbi noBepHRH B
rrpe,n.aHHOCTb EnH3aBeTbi HX Kypcy, noToMy t.ITO caM a
Koponena crroco6cTBOBana 3TOMY. B 1558 ro,~:~y on a
C BHJJ:OM X03RHKH ITOKHHYRa XpHCTHaHCKYIO Meccy,
OCB060,UHB ce6R OT 06R3aHHOCTH Ha Hell rrpHCyT-
CTBOBaTb, a Ha OTI<pb!THH rrapnaMeHTa B 1559 ro.n:y
BbiCMeBRa IIICCTBHC MOHaXOB. B 1572 ro.n:y OHa rrpH-


~
KopoAesa H 1.\epKOBb
~
lll~================ ~JI.!
Ka3aJia c3py <l>p3HCHcy HoyJIJI3Y coo6m:HTb llaJiaTe
06nuu-I, "tJTO, <i:TaK KaK ee Ha3biBaiOT 3all{HTHHUCM
Bepbl, OHa CTaHCT 3all{HTHHUeM HCTHHHOfO npoTec-
TaHTI13Ma>>. EJm3aBeTa ueJieHanpaBJieHHO co3,naBa-
Jia HMH,n)K npoTecTaHTKH. B 1581 ro,ny c3p Y OJI.Tep
MaiiJI,l.(Meii OT3biBaJic.H o Heii KaK o ~npimuecce, H3-
BecTnoii CBOHM ,nOJifHM OTibiTOM TIOKpOBHTeJibCTBa
EBaHreJIHIO, ,no6po,neTeJibHOM, My,npoii, npe,naHHOM
H cnpaBe,nJIHBoii~ 5 .
lJaCTWIHO 3TO .HBJI.HJIOCb TIOJIHTWieCKHM TI03epCT-
BOM C UeJibiO o6ecneqeHH.H peJIHfl103HOM npe,naHHOC-
TH, HO TI03epCTBOM ,nOBOJibHO 3cpcpeKTHBHbiM, TIOTOMY
'ITO OHO 6biJIO He,naJieKo OT peaJibHOCTH. EJIH3aBeTa
C1!HTaJia, "l!TO eif npHJJIJIOCb H,nTH Ha 60JibJ1IOM pHCK,
Korona B 1559 ro,ny oHa BBeJia EBaHreJine. XoT.H 3Ta
MbiCJib 6biJia BHymeHa eli B caMOM Ha"l!aJie npaBJieHH.H
CTOpOHHHKaMH pecpopMbl, _na)Ke OHM COBeTOBaJIH ,neif-
CTBOBaTb OCTOpO)KHO. ABTOp ~MexaHH3Ma CMeHbl pe-
JIHfHH>> npe_nynpe)K_naJI ee, "l!TO B CJiyqae TIOBTOpHOfO
yCTaHOBJieHH.H ocpnuHaJibHoro npoTecTaHTH3Ma nana
OTJIY1IHT ee OT uepKBH, cppaHUY3bi 3axBaT.HT AHrJIHIO,
HpJiaH,nUbi TIO,nHHMYT BOCCTaHHe, a aHrJIHMCKHe KaTO-
JIHKM. cTaHyT npH1!HHOM cepbe3HbiX 6e,ncTBHM. Pnqap,n
fy,npnq n c3p HnKoJiac TpoKMOpTOH npe,nocTeperaJIH
ee oT nocnemHbiX ,ne-tkTBHM. ApMarnJI Baa,n HanoM-
HHJI KOpOJieBe, <<KaKOM onaCHOM MO)KeT 6biTb CMeHa
peJIHfM.H, oco6eHHO B HaqaJie npaBJieHH.H>> 6 • Ho He-
CMOTp.H Ha TI03,nHeMJJIHe BHeJJIHHe KOJie6aHH.H, EJIH3a-
BeTa 6hiJia npoTecTaHTKOM H ee 6JIH)Kaifrnee OKpy)Ke-
I-me 6biJIO npOTecTaHTCKHM. 0Ha ,no6nJiacb nonyJI.Hp-
HOCTH nyTeM 3JI06HhiX BhiTia,nOB B a_npec CBOeM CeCT-
pbi l1 npeTeH3Hl1 Ha TO, 1!TO OTKpbiBaeT co6oif HOBYIO
3py. EcJIH oHa xoTeJia nopBaTb c npomJibiM, eli cJie-
,noBaJio pacnycTHTb coBeTHHKOB Mapnn H ee enncKo-


a ===E=A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=J1=H=-=CK=a.si=== B
llOB, 3aMCHIIB HX rrpOTeCTaHTaMH 3/l:yap/l:a. )Kpe6HH
6biJI 6porneH: rrepByro ocpm.J:HaJibHYIO rrporroBelJ:n c
Ha~IaJia rrpaBJieHmi EJIH3aBeTbi npo~niTaJI BHJib5JM
DHJIJI, H3BCCTHbiH rrpoTecTaHT; Kacpe.z:r.pbi npH .li:Bope H
BXO/l:HBlliHe B OKpyr CB. ilaBJia 6biJIH MOHOllOJIH3H-
poBaHhl rrpoTecTaHTaJI.m, a Pw1ap.ll: KoKc, B03BpameH-
HhiH H3fHaHHHK, ~nuaJI rrponoBelJ:h na OTKphiTHH nap-
JiaMeHTa. EJIH3aBeTa H36paJia cBoe 6y.ll:ymee - oHa
co6HpaJiacn yTBep/l:HTh npoTecTaHTCKyro aHrJIHHCI<yro
(aHrJIHKaHCKyiO) I.{epKOBh.
Ho, KaK CBHlJ:eTeJihCTByeT HopMaH ,ll)I<OHC7, nyTn
C03/l:aHmi rrpoTeCTaHTCKOH I.{epKBH OKa3aJIC5! TepHJIC-
ThiM. CHa'-raJia Bee lliJIO xoporno. B cpeBpaJie 1559
ro.ll:a TaiiHbiH coBeT HanpaBHJI B TiaJiary 06mm-I 6HJIJih
C Tpe6oBaHHeM BOCCTaHOBJieHH5! KOpOJICBCKOH BJiaCTH
Hall: u;epKOBbiO H lJ:Ba 6HJIJI5! C Tpe6oBaHHeM B03pO-
/l:HTb rrpoTecTaHTCKHe cJiy)I<6bi BpeMen 3.ll:yap/l:a. K
21 cpenpam1 3TH Tpn /l:OKyMeHTa 6hiJIH o6oe/l:HHCHbi B
5nJIJib o pecpopMai.{HH, OlJ:06peHHbi(I TiaJiaTO:H 06mHH.
Ho B TiaJiaTe Jiop/l:OB 6HJIJib BCTpenw corrpoTHBJie-
Hne: H3 Hero 6biJIO ucr<JIJOqeHo Tpe6oBaHne o BoccTa-
HOB.TieHnn KHHflf 06IUHX MOJIHTB, XOT5! H B TaKOM HC-
npaBJieHHOM BM.n:e 5nJIJib no3BOJI5IJI KopoJieBe 6biTb
EO r JiaBe l.lCPKBM rrpM ee )KeJiaiiMM. Onno3HI.lUIO B03-
rJiaBMJIM KaTOJIWieCKH.e enHCKOITbi, KOTOpbie llOJib30-
BaJIUCb CTOJlb MOHUIOM no.n:.n:ep)KKOH CBeTCKHX IT3pOB,
qTQ CTaJIH yrp030H .D:JI5! oqnmnaJibHOH ITOJIMTHKH.
llpoTeCTaHTCKHM COBeTHHKaM y.n:aJIOCb rrepexBaTHTb
MHHI.{HaTI:IBY qepe3 CO'-IeTaHHC ITOJilfTMqecKOH CliJibi M
ITOJJUTH~IeCKOH y.ll:aqH: pa3BepHyBIIIHeC5! Ha peJII1fl103-
HOH rroqBe crropbi BbiCTaBJI5IJIH KaToJiwieCKHX CB5IIUen-
HHKOB MpaKo6ecaMH H KOHCepBaTOpaMH, lJ:BOe 113 HHX
6biJil1 apeCTOBaHbi, a CHJia OCTaJibHbiX 6biJia CJIOMJie-
Ha 60JIC3H5IMI1 H CMepTbiO.


R ====K=o=p=o=A=e=B=a=H=~=e=p=K=o=B=b=== B
ITocJie ITacxH rrpaBHTeJibCTBO CbirpaJio naBep-
H.s:ma, nanpaBHB B I1aJiaTy 06l!lHH ~Ba 6HJIJI5I: O~HH
c Tpe6oBaHHeM nepxoneHCTBa, a ~pyroi1: no Bonpo-
cy JIHTyprMH. Co~ep)KaHHe 6HJIJiei1: 6biJIO Mcnee
061i,!J,IIbiM ~JUl I<OHCCpBaTOpQB, H o6a OIIH npOIUJIH
qepe3 I1aJiaTy 06mmL DHJIJib o BepxoBCHCTBe l(e-
JiaJI KOpOJICBY f JiaBOH uepKBH H OTMCHRJI 3aKOHbi 0
epecH. DHJIJib 6biJI YTBCp)!<~eH ITa.TJ:aToi:i Jlop~OB,
HCCMOTp.5! Ha B03HHKI1IYIO 011TI03HUMIO CO CTOpOIIbi
KaTOJIHl.J:CCKUX CB.5Il!lCHHHKOB, l.J:aCTHl.J:HO 6Jiaro~ap5I
TOMY, l.J:TO ITbiJI KOHCCpBaTHBHbiX 119pOB 6biJI OX-
Jia)K~CH CITOpHbiM BOI1pOCOM 0 UCpKOBHbiX 3CMJI.5IX.
DHJIJib o e~HHoo6pa3HH rrpollleJI 6oJiee CJIO)KHbiH
ITYTb: B I1aJiaTe Jlop~OB OH 6biJI rrpHHRT C rrepeBe-
COM ncero B TPH roJioca, BCTpeTHB orrrro3HI:(HIO co
CTOpOHbl BCCX CITHCKOITOB, ~BYX TaHHbiX COBCTHH-
KOB H Cll{C CCMCpbiX 11:7pOB. CHJia KOHCCpBaTOpOB
11pH fOJIOCOBaHHH 6biJia OCJia6JieHa apecTaMH, a TaK-
)KC yCTyrrKaMH, rrpe~rrpHH.5!TbiMH KopoJieBo:i1:, l.J:T06bi
C~eJiaTb MOJIHTBCHHHK MCHCC 06H~HbiM ~JI5I HHX.
DbiJIH H3MCHCHbi CJIOBa o6p.5I~a rrpH1.!aCTH.5!, KOTO-
pbiC rrpHBO~HJIHCb B COOTBCTCTBHC C KaTOJIHl.J:CCKOH
BCpOH 0 HaJIHl.J:HH TCJia H KpOBH XpHCTa B XJie6e H
BHJ-Ie; O~C)K~bl CB.5Il!lCHHOCJIY)KHTCJICH H yKpalliCHH.5!
UCpKBH 6biJIH 3aHMCTBOBaHbi H3 KaTOJII11.J:CCKOH MCC-
Cbi; 113 JIHTaHHH 6biJIH MCKJIIOl.J:CHbi 6paHHbiC CJIOBa
ITaTibi, a BO BpCM.5! UCpKOBHbiX CJiy)K6 CBRl!lCHHOC-
JIY)KHTCJIH ~OJI)KHbl 6biJIH CTORTb TaM, r~e 06bll.J:HO
rrpe~TIHCbiBaJIOCb CT0.5!Tb KaTOJIHl.J:CCKMM CBRl!lCHHH-
KaM. 3TH YJIYl.!lliCHH.5! CBH~eTeJihCTBOBaJIH o rrpeeM-
CTBCHHOCTH CB.5!3H C KaTOJIHl.J:CCKHM rrpOlliJibiM. }f3-
3a COTipOTHBJICHHR KOHCCpBaTOpOB B I1aJiaTe Jlop-
~OB KOpOJICBa COl.J:Jia HY)KHbiM TIOHTH Ha KOMI1pO-
MHCC.


@Z:It
EAHJaseTa I AHrAHMCKaSI
~
l'l~========.-bT~
O.uno BpeM.si cymecTBOBaJia ToqKa 3penH.si, qTo
rrpnqHHOll KOMIIpOMMCCa CTaJIO COIIpOTMBJieHMC pa-
.UMKaJIOB B llaJiaTe 06mMn. Cap ,ll)J:<OH HMJI Bbi,UBH-
nyJI rrpe.urroJIO:>I<enMe, qTo EJIM3aBeTa xoTeJia c,n:cJiaTb
uepKOBb eme 6oJiee ~KaTomrqecKoii~, no B CB.H3M c
TeM, qTo KOHCepBaTMBHbie errMCKOIIbl OTKa3aJIMCb
IIpMH.siTb KOpOJieBCKOe sepXOBeHCTBO Ha,n: l{epKOBbiO,
eii: IIpMIIIJIOCb IIOllTM Ha ycTyiiKM IIpOTeCTaHTaM M
rrpe.urrpMH.siTb 6oJiee pa,n:MKaJibHbie M3MeneHM.si8• 3To
rrpe.n:rroJIO)KeHMe e.usa JIM sepno. HMJI rrpH,n:aeT oco-
6oe 3HaqeHMe MHpHbiM rreperosopaM B KaTo-KaM6pe-
3M. OH rroJiaraeT, qTo EJIM3aBeTa 6brJia BbiHY)K.UeHa
rrpOBO,UMTb KOHCCpBaTMBHYIO IIOJIMTMKY ITO Kpaii:Heii:
Mepe .UO TeX IIOp, IIOKa 6biJI IIO,UIIMCai-1 MHpHblll ,UO-
fOBOp M AHrJIM.H 6JiafOIIOJiyqHo BbiiiiJia M3 BOllHbl.
Ho EJIM3aBeTa caMa 3a,n:ep)KMBaJia rro,n:rrMcaHMe MMp-
Horo .n:orosopa, Bbi.UBMHYB HeBbiiiOJIHMMbre Tpe6osa-
HM.H o B03BpameHMM KaJie, M rreperosopbr He orrpe-
,n:eJI.siJIM ee rrapJiaMeHTCKoii cTpaTerMH. He 6y,n:eT Bbi-
r JI.si,UeTb cpaHTaCTJiqecKHM H rrpe,UIIOJIO)KeHHe 0 TOM,
qTo EJiu3aBeTa ueJieHarrpasJienno 3aT.HrMBaJia 3aKJiro-
qeHMe MHpa, qT06bi OCJia6MTb COIIpOHIBJieHHe II3pOB-
KOHCepBaTOpOB ee rrpe,n:Jio)KeHH.siM o peJIMrHH. HuJI,
KpoMe Toro, rrpeyseJiuqusaeT rromiTuqecKuii sec rrpo-
TecTaHTCKMX pa,n:uKaJioB B llaJiaTe 06muH. ToJibKO
19 H3rHaHHHKOB speMeH Mapuu 6biJIH Bbi6panbr B
rrapJiaMeHT B 1559 ro,n:y, H MHOnie H3 HHX Bepny-
JIHCb CJIHIIIKOM II03,UHO ,UJI.H TOfO, qT06bi MrpaTb CKOJib-
KO-HH6y,n:b 3aMeTHYIO pOJib. Pa,n:HKaJibl He COCTaBH-
JIH cppaKl{MH, KOTOpa.si MOfJia 6bi OKa3aTb ,UaBJleHJie
B llaJiaTe, KOHTpoJnrposasiiiei1c.si CoseTOM n ero aren-
TaMM. TaKTMKa rwpoJieBbi 6brJia nanpasJiena ua To,
qT06bi c,n:ep:>r<HBaTb KOHCepBaTHBHYIO OIII103Hl{HIO B
llaJiaTe Jlop.uos, a ne .n:asJiemre pa.n;nKaJIOB B llaJia-


~
KopoAeaa 11 1.\epKOBb
~
li~=========~JI.!
Te 06ll(llH. IIoMllMO Bcero rrpoliero, Bepcmi HllJia
OTHOCllTeJibHO 1559 ro,n:a rrpOCTO He CTbiKyeTC~ C Ha-
IllllMll 3HammMll o pem-Irllll KopoJieBbi ll ee coBenm-
KOB. ,l{a:>Ke eCJill He HpllHllMaTb BO BHllMai-me ,n:e~­
TeJibHOCTb KOpOJieBbl KaK ITOJillTlli<a, TO HaBp~,n: Jill
MO:>KHO rrpe,n:rroJIO:>KllTb, liTO BllJib~M CecllJI, HllKO-
Jiac o::moH, Cl>p3HCllC HoyJIJI3 ll rpacp oe.n:cpop.n: eTa-
Jill 6bi B03rJiaBJI~Tb Kai<oH-Jill6o llHOH pe:>KllM, KpoMe
rrpoTecTaHTCKOro. EJill3aBeTa ll ee oKpy:>KeHlle xoTe-
Jill ycTaHOBJiemi~ rrpoTecTaHTCKoii u:epKBll B AnrJillu
H BCeMU CUJiaMU CTpeMHJIUCb K 3TOMY.
I1x :>KeJiaHH~M He CY)I<,UeHO 6biJIO ITOJIHOCTbiO ocy-
ll(eCTBHTbC~, rroToMy liTO EJIH3aBeTa 6biJia CHJibHO
HarryraHa CTOJIKHOBeHneM c Jiop,n:aMll. IIpo6JieMy
rrpe,n:CTaBJI~JIU He pelliUTeJibHbie peliH KaTOJIUlieCKUX
CB~ll(eHHHKOB, a rOJIOCa KaTOJIHlieCKOH 3HaTU. ,l{e-
B~Tb roJiocoB cBeTCKHX JIHU: rrpoTHB DHJIJI~ o e,n:uno-
o6pa3UH C03,UaBaJIU 3HaliHTeJibHOe rrperr~TCTBHe, OC0-
6eHHO rrpUHUMa~ BO BHUMaHue TO, liTO ,UBOe H3 HUX
6biJIU liJieHaMu TaiiHoro coBeTa. OrracHOCTb eme 6o-
Jiee ycummaJiaCb TeM, liTO HeKoTopbie roJioca rrpn-
Ha,n:Jie:>KaJiu MorymecTBeHHbiM peruoHaJibHbiM MarHa-
TaM. KopoJieBa Me,n:JiuJia c ocpopMJieHneM OKOHlia-
TeJibnoro BapuaHTa KHuru o6ruux MOJIUTB u ucKaJia
,n:aJibHeHiliUe rryTU rrpUMUpeHU~ C KOHCepBaTopaMU.
ToJibi<O caMbie pa,n:lli<aJibHbie KaTOJillliecKue erruci<o-
rrbi 6biJIU uci<JIIOlieHbi u3 errucKorraTa, Te :>Ke, KTO
I1pU3HaJI aBTOpUTeT aHrJIUKaHCI<OH u:epKBU rrpu 3,n:y-
ap,n:e VI, 6biJIU BpeMeHHO ocTaBJieHbi Ha CBoux .n:o-
JI:>KHOCT~x B Ha,Ue:>K,UC Ha TO, liTO BHOBb ITOli.UYT Ha
ycTyrri<u u npll,n:a,n:yT u;eJIOCTHOCTb erruci<orraTy. He-
KOTOpbie Hall6oJiee pa,n:lli<aJibHO naCTpoeHI-Ibie rrpo-
TecTanTcime CB~memiHI<ll, rrpe,n:JIO)l<eimbie EJJll3aBe-
Te ,n:JI~ B03rJiaBJieHu~ enapxuii,
-
ollKOII, JlllBep,


~ E;ut3aBeTa I AHrA:uifcKa.SI
~
l'l~======A>TJ'l
HoysJIJI H CsMrrcoH - 6biJIM ocTaBJieHbi 6e3 BHHMa-.
HM.SI. Jlw:IHbiM KopoJieBCKMM rrpMKa3oM EJIM3aBeTa
nnecJia .n;aJibHeilnme M3MeHeHM.SI B muyprmo, KOTO-
pnie .n;eJiaJIH He TaKMM .SIBHbll\1 OTXO,ll; OT KaTOJIIP:IeC-
KOrO rrponiJioro: rrpecToJI .n:omKeH 6LIJI Haxo.n;MTbC5I
TaM, r.n;e paHbllle CTO.HJI aJITapb, M pa3pemaJIOCb MC-
IIOJib30Bamie BO npeM5I rrpw:racTM.H o6JiaTOK. B 1560
ro.n:y Bbii11e.n;111ee Ha JiaTMHCKOM 5I3biKe M3,Uai-me KHM-
rM o6mux MOJIMTB, rrpe.n;Ha3HaY:eimoe .UJI5I ncrroJin30-
BaHM5I B MOJIMTBeHHbiX co6paHMRX, ,ll;03BOJI5IJIO
COXpaHeHMe HeKOTOpbiX 3JieMeHTOB rrpH'IaCTM.H ,ll;JI5I
60JibHbiX H 3ayrroKOHHOe KaTOJIH'Y:eCKOe 6orocJiy)Ke-
HMe. B 1561 ro.n;y B HOBOM H3,ll;aHMH uepKOBHOrO Ka-
JieH.n;ap5I 6biJIM BOCCTaHOBJieHbl OTMCHeHHbie ,ll;HM 115I-
TM,ll;eC5ITH ,ll;eB.HTH CB5ITbiX.
Kor.n:a .n:a)Ke 3TH yMepeHHbie M3MeHeHM5I BCTpe-
TMJIM COilpOTHBJieHMe CO CTOpOHbl uepKOBHbiX rrpM-
XO,ll;OB, KopoJieBa EJIM3aBeTa HaY:aJia Bee 6oJibllle rre-
pexo.n;MTb Ha KOHCepBaTMBHbie 1103Ml(HM, HO TeM ca-
MbiM oua oT.n;aJIMJia OT ce65I rrpoTecTaHTCKMX crro.n:-
BH)KHMKOB. B OKT5I6pe 1559 ro.n;a OHa BepHyJia Ha
aJITapb CBOeH t:IaCOBHM paCI15ITMe H CBet:IM M, cy.n;5I 110
BeeMy, pelllMJia caMa c.n;eJiaTb TO )Ke ca:r.we c orpoM-
HbiMM paCI15ITH5IMH, BbiBelllMBaeMbiMM B aJITap5IX uep-
KOBHbiX rrpMXO.UOB. HoBbie rrpoTecTaHTCKMe errMCKO-
Ilbi, rp035I YXO,UOM B OTCTaBKY, HarrucaJIM COBMeCT-
HOe IlOCJiai-IMe KOpOJieBe, B KOTOpOM fOBOpMJIOCb, 'liTO
M306pa)KeHMe CB5ITbiX rrpOTHBOpet:IMT BTOpOH 3allOBe-
,ll;M. Tor.n:a EJIM3aBeTa rro111Jia Ha cKpbiTbiH KOMrrpo-
MMcc: enMCKOIIOB 60Jibllle He rrpMIIY)l<,ll;aJIM K pa3MC-
I.UeHHIO paCI15ITMH B CBOHX errapXM5IX, HO CBOH KpecT
Kopo.rieBa coxpaHMJia (cpaHanum .n;Ba)K,ll;bi cBepraJIM
ero, B 1562 M 1567 ro.n;ax, HO rrocJie Ka)K.n:oro cJiyt:Ia51
OH BHOBb BoccTaHaBJIMBaJic5I). EJIM3aBeTa IlbiTaJiacb


R ====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=~=e=p=K=O=B=b====B
HaB.H3aTb KaTOJHflJ:eCKMe o,n:e.HHM.H
.li:Jl.H CB.HilleHHMKOB,
HO MHOrHe IIpOTeCTaHTCKMe CB.HilleHHMKM IIOC'-IMTaJIM,
'-ITO ,n:a)l(e CTMXapb Ha,n:enaeTC.H B HapyrneHMe peJIHfM-
03HbiX I!OpM. I1 BHOBb KOpOJieBa IIOlliJia Ha KOMIIpO-
MMCC. B d1peJ_(IIMCaHM.HX eiiMCKOIIaM~, Bbillie,n:UHIX B
1560 ro.n:y, pH3Y IIpHKa3ai-IO 6biJIO Ha,n:eBaTb TOJibKO
BO BpeM.H IIpHt.IaCTH.H, a OCTaJibHbie .n;eTaJIM o.n:e>K.lJ:bi
rrpocTo orrycKaJIMCb. Brrpot.IeM, .n:a)l(e HornenMe pH3bi
CTpOrO He KOHTpOJIHpOBaJIOCb.
BosMO)I(HO, MMemm 3TH ycrymm enMcKorraM eTa-
JIM IIpHt.IMHOll B03I-IllKlliHX IIO.ll:03pei-IMM B IIO.ll:.ll:ep)I(-
Ke KOpOJieBOll ~llCIIai-ICKOll CTpaTefMM~ .l{a,n:JIM B 1561
ro.n:y. PacrrpocTpaHMJIMCb cJiyxu, '-ITO yKJIOI-I B KaTo-
JIMt.IeCTBO c u:eJibiO rroJiyt.Iei-IM.H rro.n:.n:ep)I(KII Mcrra-
I-IMM 6biJI I-IarrpaBJieH Ha TO, l.J:T06bi IIpHBeCTll rrpo-
TeCTaHTOB K rrocJiyrnanMIO. EcJIM TaK, TO IIOIIbiTKa
He y,n:aJiaCb. JleTOM 1561 ro.n;a KOpOJieBa, BepO.HTI-IO,
HaMepeBaJiaCb 3arrpeTUTb 6paKM CB.Hillei-II -IOCJIYJKM-
TeJieii (.HBI-Ibill CJie,n: B033pei-IMll KOHCepnaTMBHbiX
IIpHXOJKaH M KOpOJieBbi-,n:eBCTBeHHMU:bi), HO IIpOTMB
3Toro perneHM.H BbiCTYIIMJIM CecuJI u apxHerrMcKorr
TiapKep. Tor.n:a BMeCTO 3Toro EJiu3aBeTa B anrycTe
1561 ro.n;a OTBeJia .li.YlliY Ha rrpoTeCTaHTCI<OM Bep-
XOBHOM .li.YXOBeHCTBe, BbiBe,n:.H JKeH M ,n:eTeii IIaCTbi-
peii 113 06IUMHbi H 3aiipCTMB liM HaXO.lJ:MTbC.H B C0-
6opHOll orpa.ue (KJIOy3e). TiocJie cep1111 rropa)ICCHMii
B 1559 - 1661 ro.n:ax oHa o.n:ep)l(aJia p.H.n: He3Hat.IM-
TeJibHbiX rro6e.u Ha,n: eiiUCKOIIaMU B 1563 ro.n:y. 0Ha
CaMopyt.IHO MCIIpaBMJia HeCKOJibKO peJIMfM03HhlX
.li:OfMaTOB y)I(C IIOCJie TOfO, KaK OHM 6biJIM IIpllH.HTbi
errucKonal\m. K .LJ.Ba.n:r~aToMy .n:orMaTy ona c.n:eJiaJia
,n:o6aBJieHMC IIO IIOBO.li:Y aBTOpHTeTa u:epKBM, KOTO-
poe 3aKpeiiJIJIJIO ce npaBO BHOCliTb H3MeHCHli.H B JIM-
TyprHIO ( TaKMM o6pa30M COXpaH.HJiaCb B03MO:lKHOCTb


R ===E=.II.=H=3a=s=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=.II.=H=H=~c=K=a.H=== jff
,n:aJibHeHlliHX ycTyiiOI< I<aTOJII1I<al\1), 11 OHa OTMeHI1-
Jia ,n:Ba,n:u;aTb ,n:eB.HTbiH ,n:orMaT, I<OTOpbiH I<aCaJIC.H
IIpHCYTCTBI15I rpelliHI1I<OB Ha o6p.H,n:e IIp11qaCTI15I, qyo
11 cJie,n:oBaJio paccMaTp11BaTb KaK ee narra,n:K11 na cy-
mecTBYIDIUYID AOKTp11Hy. C 1563 IIO 1571 ro,n: (B
::no BpeM.H erri1CKOIIbl BOCCTaHOBI1JI11 ,[lBa,n:u;aTb ,n:eB.H-
TbiH .n:orMaT) EJI113aBeTa orrpe,n:eJII1Jia ,n:JI.H anrJII1HC-
KOH uepKBI1 Tp11AUaTb BOCeMb (a He Tp11AUaTb ,n:e-
B.HTb) .n:orMaTOB. IIocTO.HHHbie BMelllaTeJibCTBa rrp11-
BeJII1 K TO My, qyo KOpOJieBa OTKJIOHI1JiaCb OT rrepBO-
naqaJibHO naMeqennoro e10 Kypca rrpoTecTaHT113Ma.
Ona ,n:eJiaJia ycTyrrKI1 no BceM uepKOBHbiM Borrpo-
caM, KOTOpbie 6biJII1 Hai160Jiee 3aMeTHbl CBeTCKI1M
JIIO,[l.HM
-
o,n:e)K,n:a 11 o6p.H,n:OBbie ,n:eMCTBI15I CB5Ill{eH-
HI1KOB, 6paKI1 CB.HIUeHHOCJIY)KI1TeJieM, paCIIOJIO)Ke-
HI1e aJITap.H
-
11 B KOTOpbie 11x Bepa 6biJia oco6en-
no CI1JibHOH - peaJibHoe rrp11cyTCTBI1e X p11cTa rrp11
eBxap11CTI111. IIocTyrra.H TaKI1M o6pa3oM, ona yKperr-
JI.HJia na,n:e)K,n:bi KoncepBaTopoB. PacrrpocTpaH.HJII1Cb
HaCTOMqi1Bbie CJIYXI1 0 ,n:aJibHeHllii1X peJII1fi103HbiX
113MeneHI1.HX
-
B Jlon.n:one 11 KoBeHTp11 B 1561 ro.n:y,
B KyM6p1111 B 1562 ro.n:y, B JlanKalll11pe 11 .n:pyr11x
MeeTax B 1565 ro.n:y. KaTOJII1KI1 rrp11lliJII1 K Bbmo.n:y,
qyo CMOfYT OKOHqaTeJibHO IIp11BJieqb KOpOJieBy Ha
CBOIO CTOpOHY, 11 B 1564 - 1565 fO,[lbl CTpany HaBO,[l-
HI1JII1 KaTOJII1qeCKI1e KHI1fl1, IIOCB.Hll{eHHbie £JI113a-
BeTe. 11x rreqaTaJII1 113rHaHHI1KI1 B AHTBeprrene. Ho
ycTyrrKI1 EJI113aBeTbi I<aTOJII1KaM rrp11Be1I11 K cToJI-
KHOBeHI1IO C IIpOTeCTaHTaMI1, KOTOpbie IIOTpe6oBaJII1
,n:aJibHeMllii1X pecpopM. B CBOeH IIpOIIOBe,n:l1 Ha OT-
KpbiTI111 rrapJiaMeHTa B 1571 ro.n:y err11cKorr Can,n:3
IIOTpe6oBaJI oql1ll{eHI15I uepKBI1 OT «11y,n:eHCKI1X 11
5I3bJqecKI1X o6p.H,n:OB:?. JipHH5ITI1e KOpOJieBOH rrpo-
TeCTaHTI13Ma, Ka3aBllleec.H neocrropi1MbiM cpaKTOM B


@Z:It
Kopo.J\esa u: ~epKOBb
~
l't~====~JI!
1559 ro,n:y, CTaJIO Bbi3biBaTh COMHeHI1.H. B031-Il1KJIO
IIO,U03peHI1e, 0 KOTOpOM 6hiJIO ,UOJIO)KCHO B J1aJiaTe
06mmr B 1571 ro.uy, t.:ITO KopoJieBa Ha caMOM ,n:eJie
~l1CnOBe,n:yeT ,n:pyryro peJII1fl1IO, a He Ty, 0 KOTOpOH
ocpHUHaJihHO 3a.HBJI.HeT~. PocJIH cJiyxH o B03Bpame-
Hl1l1 K KaTOJII1UI13MY, oco6eHHO ycHJII1BIIIHec.H B 1579
-
1580 ro.uax, Kor.ua BeJIHCh neperoBOpbi c AJiaH-
couoM. He 6hiJIO onpe,n:eJieHHOCTI1 B TOM, t.:ITO )Ke
npe,n:cTaBJI.HeT l13 ce6.H peJIHrl1.H AHrJII1l1 l1 t.:ITO O)KH-
.uaeT ee B 6y.uy1ueM. B 1567 ro.uy, nepe.u TeM KaK
OTnpaBI1TbC.H B KaqeCTBe nOCJiaHHI1Ka B CB.HIIJ:eHHYIO
PHMCKYIO HMnepHIO, rpa¢ CycceKc nocTaBHJI BO-
npoc np.HMO: ~liTo KacaeTC.H peJIHrl1l1, eMy xoTe-
JIOCb 6hi nepe,n: 0Tbe3,UOM t.:IeTKO onpe,n:eJIHTbC.H B 3TOM
BOnpoce, nOTOMY t.:ITO, XOT.H OH l1 .HBJI.HeTC.H KOpeH-
HbiM aHrJII1qaHI1HOM l1, KaK l1 BCe OCTaJibHbie, HaXO-
,Ul1TC.H B Kypce npOI1CXO,U.HIIJ:HX B CTpaHe C06biTI1H,
Bonpoc o6 onpe,n:eJieHI1l1 cymecTByiOmeH: 3,Uecb pe-
JII1rl1l1 CTaBHT ero B TynHK~ 9 .
PeiiieHH.H no peJIHrl103HhiM ,n:eJiaM, npe.unpi1Hl1-
MaeMhie KopoJieBoi'I B 1559 - 1563 ro.uax, Ka3aJIOCh,
6hiJII1 JIHIIIeHbi Jiorl1Kl1, 11 ~ycTaHOBKI1 EJII13aBeTbi~
HH:t.:Iero Ha caMoM ,n:eJie He ycTaHaBJII1BaJII1. Ho, K
Y.UHBJienmo Bcex, 3a l1CKJIIOqeHH:eM KopoJieBhi, He-
JierKHH KOMnpOMI1CC y,n:aBaJIOCb no,n:,n:ep)KI1BaTb, l1
EJII13aBeTa cTapaJiach coxpaHHTh uepKoBb B Toif ¢op-
Me, KOTOpyiO OHa npHH.HJia K 1563 ro,n:y. EJII13aBeTa
no cyu~eCTBY 6biJia e,UI1HCTBei-IHOH peiiii1TeJibHOH ~aH­
r JIH:KaHKOH~ B AHrJII1l1. B 1565 ro.uy OHa roBopHJia B
I1aJraTe 06I~l1H: ~B HaqaJie Moero npaBJICHH.H, naH:-
.U.H uepKOBb Tai<OH, KaKOH OHa l1 5IBJI.HCTC.H no ceif
.uenh, 6Jiaro.uap.H MOI1M 3a6oTaM B Teqe1111e ,n:Ba,n:uaTH
CCMI1 JieT, .H Ha,UCIOCb, t.:ITO C DO)KbCH nOMOIIJ:biO 6y,n:y
11 ,n:aJihiiie coxpaH.HTh ee B TaKoM BH,n:e l1 TaKoH: )Ke


OCTaBJIIO IIOCJle CMepnr~. 0Ha He CTaJia rrpe,n:rrpHHH-
MaTb ,n:aJibHCMlliHX peQ:>opM, KOTOpbiC rrpoTeCTaHTbl
cqHTaJIH nacymHo:H: Heo6xo,n:HMOCTbiO. B 1566 H 1571
ro,n:ax KopoJieBa rro,n:BeprJiacb ~ rrapJiaMeHTe ,n:aBJie-
HHIO CO CTOpOHbl KOaJIHUHH COBeTHHKOB, eiTHCKOITOB
H qJieHOB rrapJiaMeHTa - rrpoTeCTaHTOB, KOTOpbiMH
pyKoBO.UHJIH ~,n:eJibUbi>> H3 l:!HCJia l:!JieHOB CoBeTa. Ho
EJIH3aBeTa 3arrpeTHJia o6cy)K,n:eHHe HeKoTopbiX 3aKo-
HorrpoeKTOB ( COCJlaBIIIHCb Ha HapyiiieHHe rrpepora-
THBbi) H HaJIO)KHJla BeTO Ha p.H,U ,n:pyrHX. DOJiee pa-
,UHKaJlbHbie rrpe,UJIO)KeHH.H 6biJlH C,UeJiaHbl BOHHCTBy-
IOil{HM MeHblliHHCTBOM Ha 3ace,n:aHH.HX rrapJiaMeHTa B
1584 - 1585 H a 1586 - 1587 ro.n:ax. KaK H paHee,
KopoJieBa 3arrpeTHJia ,n:e6aTbi, o6n.HBHB 3TH rrporpaM-
Mbi ~Bpe,UHbiMH ,UJI.H ycTaHOBJieHHOH peJIHfHH, KOpO-
Hbl, KOpOJieBCKOfO rrpaBHTeJibCTBa H ITO,U,UaHHbiX~.
0Ha eme pa3 HarJl.H,UHO rrpo,n:eMOHCTpHpOBaJia CBOIO
perrmTeJibHOCTb a rrocJiaHHH IIaJiaTe 06IUHH a 1585
ro.n:y: ~ana oKOHl:!aTeJibHO pernHJia He rrpe.n:rrpHHH-
MaTb HHKaKHX H3MeHeHHH, HH"l!ero He MeH.HTb B 06-
p.H,n:ax HJIH 3aKOHaX peJIHfHH, qT06bi aHrJlHKaHCKa.H
uepKOBb OCTaBaJiaCb TaKOH, KaKOH OHa CQJOpMHpOBa-
JiaCb K HaCTO.Hil{eMy ,UHIO>) tO.
0TKa3 KOpOJieBbl OT ,n:aJibHeHillHX peQ:>opM He
6biJI Ha pyKy rrpoTecTaHTaM, HO eme xy)Ke 6biJIO To,
l:!TO OHa C06HpaJiaCb rrpH,n:ep)KHBaTbC.H a6cyp,n:HbiX
perneHHH 1559 ro,n:a. IIpoTecTaHTCKoe .n:yxoBeHCTBO
Cl:!HTaJio, l:!TO EJIH3aBeTa co6HpaeTC.H a caoe:H: pemH-
MOCTH C,UeJiaTb HX ITOXO)KHMH Ha KaTOJIHl:!eCKHX CB.H-
Il{eHHHKOB, B CB.H3H C qeM OHa Tpe6yeT 1-IOilleHH.H
COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHX O,Ue)K,U. B
.HHBape 1565 ro,n:a KO-
poJieBa rrHcaJia apxHerrHcKorry IIapKepy o Heo6xo-
.UHMOCTH ~e,UHHCTBa, CITOKOHCTBH.H H COrJiaCH.H KaK
cpe,n:H CB.Hil{eHHHKOB, HaXO,U.Hil{HXC.H ITO,U HallleH


~
KopoJ\.esa H qepKOBb
~
lll"U.========~Jil
BJiaCTbiO, TaK lf Cpe,li;Jf JIIO.lJ:eH, KOTOpbiMlf OHH ITpa-
B5IT napaBHe c naMH~ 11 . 3.n:ecb )Ke ona ITPHKa3biBa-
Jia ycTaHOBHTb e.n;HH006pa3He peJIHfH03HbiX u;epe-
MOliHH 11 .n:oKTpmr. IIapKep H ero eiTHCKOITbi oco3-
naBaJIH CJIO)KHOCTb BbliiOJIHeHI15I BCeX ITpaBH.II 1559
ro.n;a I1 BMeCTO 3TOfO CTapaJIHCb 3aCTaBI1Tb CB5IllleH-
HI1KOB XOT5I 6bi Ha.n;eBaTb CTHXapb BO BpeM5I ITpi1-
qaCTI15I (pi13bl Tpe6oBaJII1Cb TOJibKO B C06opax I1 ITpi1
MOJIHTBeHHbiX co6paHH5Ix). B pe3yJibTaTe 3THX yc-
TYITOK EJIH3aBeTa OTKa3aJiaCb ITO.lJ:ITHCaTb ~I13Beme­
HI15I~ ITO BOITpocy 06 o.n;e)K.n;e B 1566 ro.n;y I1 OCTaBH-
Jia Ha ycMOTpeHHe eiTHCKOITOB CH5ITI1e C .lJ:OJI)KHOC-
TeH neKOTOpbiX neiTo.n;qanHBIIIIIXC5I ITpaBIIJiaM. IIoc-
Jie.n;yiOmee BMeiiiaTeJibCTBO KOpOJieBbi B 1566 ro.n;y
3aCTaBIIJIO eiTIICKOITOB ITepeHTII K 6oJiee peiiiiiTeJib-
HbiM .n;eHCTBII5IM: BO BpeM5I BCTpellii C llapKepoM II
ero CTOpOHHIIKaMII B MapTe OHa ITpiiKa3aJia eiTIICKO-
ITY fpiiH.lJ:aJiy ITpO.li:OJI)KIITb ITpeCJie.n;oBaHIIe HOHKOH-
cpopMIICTOB* B Jlon.n:one. fpiin.n;aJI opraHII30BaJI co-
6paHIIe CBOero .li:YXOBeHCTBa, Ha KOTOpOM CB5IllleH-
HOCJIY)KIITeJI5IM 6biJI ITpo.n;eMOHCTpiipOBaH MaHeKeH,
o.n;eThiH B u:epKOBHbre o.n:e)K.lJ:bL Tpii.n:U:aTb ceMb II3
HIIX, OTKa3aBIIIIIXC5I OT HOBOH cpopMbi o.n;e)K.lJ:bi,
fpiiH.ll:aJI OTCTpaHIIJI OT .li:OJI)KHOCTII.
CTOJIKHOBeHII5I ITO ITOBO.li:Y uepKOBHbiX o.n;e)K.lJ: II
u;epKOBHbiX uepeMOHIIH ITpO.n;OJI)KaJIIICb .li:O BOCbMII-
.n;eC5ITbiX ro.n:oB XVI BeKa. EJIII3aBeTa CITel~IIaJibHO
na3naqiiJia na .n;oJI)KHOCTb apxiieiTIICKOITa KenTep-
6epii:i1:cKoro l{)KOHa BIITriicpTa, KOTOpbiH, ITO ee MHe-
HIIIO, CMOf 6bi BBeCTII OCITapiiBaeMble o6p5I.lJ:bl. Bo
BpeM5I ITpoiToBe.n;II B co6ope CB. IIaBJia B .n:enb ITpii-
*B ~aJIIIOM CJiy'!aC - COBOKYTIIIOC o603lla'!CIIHC npOTCCTaiiTC-
KHX TC'!Cl!HH, CTaBII!l!X B OTITI03Hl\HIO K rocy~apCTDCHIIOH 1\CpK~H -
amJIHKaiJcTny (~HcceJITcpbi). - Pea.


~ EAH3aBeTa I AnrAHiicKa.SI
~
lll~====~~
HHTJ15! )lOJI)KHOCTH B 1583 fOtJ:Y BHTriHPT o6b5IBHJI
naqaJIO 6opb6bi C HOHKOHcpOpMHCTaMH. I1pOTHB HHX
6biJia opraHH30BaHa KaMIIaHli5!, HOJib30BaBIIIa5IC5! HC-
KpCHHeH IIO)l/lCp:II<KOH KOpOJieBbi, B pe3yJibTaTe KO-
TOpOH BHTrHcpT 3acTaBHJI CB5IW:ennocJiy)KHTCJie:i1:
IIO)lllHCaTbC5! ITO)]: )lOfMaTaMH, Tpe6yiOW:HMH ITOCJiyiii-
HOfO npoBe)leHH5! JIHTyprHH, H CH.SIJI C )lOJI)KHOCTH
Tex, KTO OTKa3aJic.SI 3TO C)leJiaTb. TaKa.SI peiiiHTeJib-
HOCTb CTaJia npHqHHOH KOHcpJIHKTa apxHellHCKOIIa C
neKoTopbiMH qJienaMH Ta:i1:noro coBeTa -
rrpoTec-
TaHTaMH, Bbipa3HBIIIHMH 5IBHbiH rrpoTeCT npOTHB ITO-
JIHTHKH BHTrHcpTa na napJiaMeHTCKHX 3ace)laHH.SIX
B 1584 - 1585 ro)lax. CpetJ:H cTopoHHHKOB pe)KH-
Ma pa3BepHyJiaCb )KeCTOKa.SI 6opb6a, KOTOpa.SI Bbi-
HY)lHJia EJIH3aBeTy rionbiTaTbC.SI CHJIOH npHMHpHTb
CBOHX COBeTHHKOB. B TW:aTeJibHO npo)lyMaHHOH peqH
nepe)l co6paHHeM eiTHCKOITOB H COBeTHHKOB B 1585
fOtlY KOpOJieBa no6opoJia npoTecTaHTCKYIO KpHTHKY
caMOtJ:OBOJibCTBa enHcKonoB. ITocJie 3Toro ona npH-
Ka3aJia errHCKOilaM npO)lOJI)KHTb 6opb6y C HOHKOH-
cpopMHCTar.m, yrpO)Ka.SI pacnyCTHTb TeX COBeTHHKOB,
KOTOpbie 6ytJ:YT Bbl3biBaTb napJiaMeHTCKHe BOJIHe-
HH.SI, H HanpaBHJia B I1aJiaTy 06W:HH ITOCJiaHHe, KO-
TOpbiM 3anperu:aJia )laJibHeHIIIHe nana)lKH na peJIH-
rHro.
TpytJ:HO )lora)laTbC.SI, noqeMy EJIH3aBeTa noiiiJia
na TaKHe TPYtJ:HOCTH H3-3a KaKMx-To 3JieMeHTOB uep-
KOBHOH O)le)K)lbl H HeCKOJibKHX CIIOpHbiX o6p5I)l0B.
Bo3MO)KHO, ona 6biJia cTopoHHHUeH ueKOTOpbiX o6-
p.SIJJ:OB peJIHfH03HOH CJiy)f(6bi, XOT5! ee IIOBe)leHHe B
1558 - 1559 fO)laX CBH/~CTeJibCTByeT 06 o6paTHOM.
Ona ne TeprreJia uerro)lqHneiUI5! CBOHM 3aKoHaM H ne
JII06HJia nocRraTeJibCTB naTO, qTo cqHTaJia cBoe:i1: rrpe-
poraTHBOH B peJIHrHH. BHJib.SIM Xayrop cqHTaeT12 ,


~
KopoAeBa H 1..\epKOBb
~
l'l~========A>T~
'ITO EmrsaseTa He xoTeJia ocJia6JI51Tb cso:H aBTOp11TeT
corJiacl1eM Ha 113MeHeHI1e mnypr11qecKnx cTaH.aap-
TOB, yCTaHOBJieHHbiX B 1559 ro,n:y. J1CKJIJOqi1TeJibHO
Ba)l(HO TO, 'ITO OHa OTKa3aJiaCb cpopMaJibHO IIO.lJ:,l{ep-
)l(aTb <<113Bell{eHI151~ B 1566 ro,n:y 11 KaHOHbl B 1571
ro,n:y, KOTOpbie co.n;ep)l(aJII1 YCTYTIKI1 qyBCTBaM rrpo-
TeCTaHTOB. Ho ecJII1 ee rrpeporaTI1Bbi oKa3hiBaJII1Cb
rro.n; yrposo:H, OHa coxpaH51Jia 11x, BI-IOC51 M3MeHeHI151
B rrpaBI1Jia, He IIpOBOU11PY51 OIIII0311U11IO HaB513biBa-
HI1eM HeBbiiiOJIHI1Moro. Ee pellli1MOCTb cTaJia rrp11qi1-
Ho:i1: HeCKOHqaeMOH 60pb6bi, 11 He TOJibKO C pa,n:HKa-
JiaMI1 B IIaJiaTe 06m11H, KaK cqi1TaeT C3p ,ll)l(OH H11JI,
HO 11 CO MH0fi1MI1 COBeTHI1KaMI1 11 eiii1CKOIIaMI1. 0Ha
HaHOCI1Jia 0611.l{bl 6JiafO'IeCTI1BbiM CB51Il{eHHI1KaM 11
6JiaroqeCTI1BbiM CBeTCKI1M IIO.lJ:,l{aHHbiM, TeM, Ha IIO.lJ:-
.ll:ep)l(KY KOTOpbiX 51BHO OII11paJiaCb B HaqaJie CBOero
rrpaBJieHI151. 06o51CHeHI1e 3TOMY CJie,n:yeT 11CKaTb B
rrpOBO.lJ:I1MOH eiO IIOJI11TI1Ke CfJia)l(I1BaHI151 rneBa KOH-
cepBaTOpOB. EJI113aBeTa I M51rKo o6xo.ai1Jiacb c KaTo-
JII1KaMI1.
DJiaroqeCT11Bbie CIIO,ll;B11)l(H11K11 IIOCT051HHO )l(aJIO-
BaJII1Cb Ha TO, 'ITO ~11X~ KOpOJieBa He MO)KeT OKOJ-Iqa-
TeJibHO IIp11H51Tb 11X Kypca. 0HI1 cqi1TaJII1, 'ITO B03-
MO)l(HOH IIp11'II1HOH 3TOfO 51BJI51eTC51 ee OTIIOllleHI1e K
KoncepsaTOpaM. C3p <Dp3HCI1C HoyJIJI3 3a51BI1JI B 1571
ro.n:y B IIaJiaTe 06mm-I:
~KaK MO)l(HO sacTaBI1Tb Ee BeJiw-IecTDo He
YKJIOH51TbC51 OT 11CTI1HIIOfO IIYTH I1 He CTaHOBHTb-
C51 Ha CTOpOHY TeX, KTO TOJihKO Ka)l(eTC51 11CKpeH-
HI1M? BosMO)l(HO, 3TO rrpo11cxo,n:11T 11s-sa Toro, 'ITO
OHa Ha,n:eeTC51 B ,l{OJI)l(HOe BpeM51 .lJ:OJI)l(HbiM o6pa-
30M CKJIOHI1Tb HX Ha CBOIO CTOpOHY, 11JII1, MO)l(eT
6biTb, TOMY ecTb ,n:pyr11e rrpw-mHbi, 113BeCTI-Ibie
TOJibKO KOpOJieBaM, a HaM He U3BeCTHbie~ 13 •
3. 3aK. 286


Emr3aBeTa Ire .uonyci<aJia MbiCJIH o TOM, t.ITO 6o-
11TC.H I<aTOJIHI<OB, 11 CC TIOBC,l{CI-I11C 3aCTaB.TI5JJIO HCKOTO-
pbiX COBCTIIHI<OB .Uy.MaTb, ~ITO OHa, Ha060pOT, He;:J:O-
CTaTO'-IHO IIX ocTcperacTc.H. Mnoroc H3 Taro, t.ITO Emi-
3aBeTa I1}JC,lJ,TI}JI1IIHMaJia B TIOJIHTHKC, ,li,CJiaJIOCb C OpH-
CHT~llJ,HCti Ira MIICIIHC KaTOJilii<OB (H B03MO)KIIO, J1crra-
IUYH). KoiicepBani3M I<OpOJICBbi B OTHOIIICIIHH JIHTyp-
fHlf, ce Tpc6osami.H nepKOBIIoro et~:rmoo6pa3H.H, ee
IIC)KCJiaJIHC TIO;:J:/I.Cp>KHBaTb BOCCTai-11151 TipOTCCTaHTOB
3a rparmnei1, orpan11t.ICIIHC npoTecTaHTcrmx nponoBc-
.ncii, ee YMC}JCHHOCTb B rrpeCJie;:J:OBaHHH I<aTOJIHKOB -
BCC CBH,lJ,CTeJibCTBYCT 0 }JClllHMOCTH He Bbi3biBaTb Ka-
TOJIHt.IeCKOH OTII103IUUiii. 3THM )KC 06b5JCH5JCTC51 H CJiy-
qa(I C CQ)K)KCII11Cl\'l /-I:BYX fOJIJiaH;:J:CK11X ana6arrTHCTOB B
Cr-nnclmiiJI.C B 1575 rot~:y: KopoJieBa caMa nonrrncaJia
pacnopmi<eH11C 0 B35JTHII HX TIO;:J: CTpaJKy H orrpe;:J:CJIH-
Jia MCCTO I<a3H11, IIpO;:J:CMOIICTpHpOBaB Tar<HM o6pa30M
CBOC Jllfl.IHOC HCI1pH51THC epeCH.
Emr3aBeTa xoTcJia 6biTb KopoJiesoi:f AnrJIH11, a
HC KOpOJICBOii npOTeCTaHTOB, H OIIa JJ,CJiaJra BCe B03-
MO>KIIOC, t.IT06bi I1pHM11}JHTb KOHCCpBaTOJJOB CO CBO-
HM pe>K IH•IOM. B 1558 fO/-I:Y OHa OCTaBYIJia Ha 6biB-
lliHX JJ,OJDKIIOCT51X IIaH60Jiee yMepeHHbiX (rrpaB;:J:a, H
IIaii60JICC MorynJ,CCTBCIIIlbiX) I<aTOJIHt.ICCI<HX COBCTIIH-
KOB MapHH: BHwrecTepa, ApyHIJ.Cira, ,llep61111 lllpy3-
6cpn. C:=>p .ll>Kei1Mc Kpoqn 6brJI na3IIa~rcu coseTnu-
KOM B 1566, rpacp ByCTep - B 1601 rony: o6a arm
6oiJI!l KaTOJIIII<aM11, COrJiaCHbiM11 I1pi131IaTb KOpOJICB-
CKOC BCpXOBCIICTBO Ha;:J: I.I,CpKOBblO. B 1579 fOAY pac-
npocTpaHHJIC51 CJIYX, '-ITO KOpOJieBa I10;:J:611paeT li,JI51
cBoero CoBcTa Kaii;:J:11tJ:aTOB 113 ~mcJia KaTOJIHKOB,
KOTOpb!C OIOfYT ITOA/J.C}J)KaTb ee 6paK C AJiaHCOHOM.
B 1581 - 1582 ro,ll,ax rrpn .li.BOpe o6pa3oBaJiach cppar<-
lJ.H.H rcaTOJIIIKOB no nraBe c rpacpoM Or<cq)op.n.oM, Jiop-


@Zit
KopoAeBa H ~epKOBb
~
lll~ =========================== ~.9.!
.n;oM feHp11 fonap.n;oM, c:Dp3I-ICI1COM CayTneJIJIOM 11
l.JapJib30M Apyu,n;eJIOM. c:DpaKtll151 noJib3onaJiaCb co-
MHI1TCJibHOH penyTaaueH:. Bo npeM51 JieTHI1X noc3,n;OK
no CTpaHe EJIII3ClBCTa nOCCIUaJia KaTOJIHqeci<yiO 3HaTb:
ee llieCTI1,n;HeBHoe npc6Lman11e y Jiop.n;a MmiTerbiO n
1591 ro.n;y 03IIa~IaJio np113IImmc ero 6ccnpcKOCJIOB-
IIOH nepHOCTI1 KopoJicnc 11 Bbi3BaJro CJIC3bi y cro
)KCllbi. EJI113aneTa nbiTaJiacb CtJ.CJiaTb KaTOJIHI<OB
qacTbiO cBoero napot~.a, a I< or;..t:a np11xo,n;HJIOCb no.n;-
nepraTb 11x naKa3aim.HM, no,n;licpK11BaJia, liTO np11liH-
Ha TOMY - 11x nenepiiOCTb napo.n;y 11 KopoJieBc. Emr-
3aneTa nOliTI1 rOp.LJ.11JiaCb CBOHMI1 BepiibiMI1 KaTOJIH-
qeCKHMI1 no,n;,n;aHIIbiMH. fiyTClliCCTBY51 no CTpaHe B
1568 ro.n;y, o11a npoci15IJia, I< or.n.a ycJibilllaJia nhu<pHr<
cJiyliaH:Horo Ha6mo,n;aTCJI51: «B11naT, pcn1Ha! ~, H cr<a-
3aJia O,ll;HOMY H3 COnpOBOJI<.LJ.aBlliHX, HCnaHCKOMY noc-
Jiy: <<::hoT ,n;o6pbiH CTapHI< -
CB51ll(CIIHOCJIY)KHTCJib
CTapoif peJII1fl111>> 14
.
Mnor11e o6b51CH51JII1 nOJI11TI1I<Y TepnHMOCTH, npo-
BO,ll;HMYIO EJm3aBeToi1: no OTHOlllenmo I< I<aTOJIHKaM,
ee )KCJiaiHICM nOCTCnCIIIIO nO.[.lliHHHTb HX anrJIHKaHC-
KOJ:i I..t:epi<BH. KoneliHO, 6ecnp11CTpacnme OTHOlliCHHe
K npOTCCTaHTCI<HM H I<aTOJII1liCCI<HM OTCTynHI1I<aM o6-
Jia,n;aJIO npl1T51raTCJibHOH CHJioi-'r. JiopJl-xpaHI1TeJib E3-
I<OH 3a51BHJI B napJiaMCIITe B KOHI{C 1559 ro.n.a, liTO
3ai<Ollbl .LJ.OJI)Kllbl HCriO.liH51TbC51 <<I<aK CJII1llii<OM 6biC-
TpbiMH, Tal< 11 CJIHlliKOM MC,ll;JIHTCJibllbiMI1: 5I HMCIO B
BH,n;y TeX, KTO ,ll;CHCTByeT paiiblllC 3ai<OI-Ia 11JII1 BHC 3a-
KOHa, H TeX, KTO IIC C06HpaCTC51 CMY CJICl{OBaTb BO-
BCC~. ::hy )KC TOtii<y 3pcmm BbiCI<a3aJia EJm3aBcTa B
pa3ronopc c apxHcnucr<onoM IIapr<epoM B 1571 ro.n;y:
IIIU<TO HC l{OJD-I<CH «CTpa,n;aTb H3-3a OTKJIOHCHI151 Bnpa-
BO HJIH BJICBO OT JlllliHH, l!aMCliCIIJIOH HaliHIMH aBTO-
pHTCTllbiMH 3ar<mral\m~ 15 . XoT51 npoTCCTaiiTbi 6o51JII1Cb
J•


~ E;ut3aseTa I AHr.IHtHcKa.sJ
~
l'l'U.=====~Jil
TOfO, ':IT06bi Ha Hl1X CMOTpeJil1 KaK Ha OIIaCHOCTb, paB-
lfYIO rrarrMcTaM, EJIM3aBeTa 3aRBMJia rrapJiaMemy B 1585
ro.uy, ':ITO OHa He C06MpaeTC5! Hl1 ~BOO.UYIIIeBJI.HTb Ka-
TOJII1KOB~, Hl1 ~TeprreTb HOBOMO,l{HbiX o6paw:eHUeB~.
TeprrMMOCTb MHeHMll o6Jia.uaJia He MeHee rrpMT.HraTeJib-
HOii: CMJIO:ii:. B npOKJiaMaUMM, l13.Uai-moii: B 1570 ro.uy,
6biJIO o6ew:aHO, ':ITO He 6y.ueT Hl1KaKl1X Bbl5ICHeHl1ll
peJil1fl103HbiX BepOBaiil1ll TeX, ':Ibe IIOBe,l{eHMe ~He 5IB-
JI.HeTC5! OTKpbiTO Bpa)f(,l{e6HbiM l1 He IIpOTl1BOpe':Il1T 3a-
KOHaM KOpOJieBCTBa>>. JTop.u-xpaHMTeJib 06b5!Bl1JI CY.Ub-
.HM, ':ITO EJIM3aBeTa He )f(eJiaeT HMKOMY ~.uoca)f(,l{aTb
paCCJie,l{OBaHl15!Ml1 l1 B3biCKaHl15!Ml1 Ha IIO':IBe peJil1fl1l1>>
B cJiy':Iae, ecJIM ee rro.u.uaHHbie He rrpeHe6peraiOT 3aKo-
HOM16.
Xopomo l13BecTHa TO':IKa 3peHM.H <l>paHCMca Ea-
KOHa* Ha IIO.U06Hyio IIOJII1Tl1Ky: ~Ee BeJIM':IeCTBO, He
)f(eJia.H Jie3Tb B .UYilll1 l1 MbiCJil1 JIIO,l{ell, eCJil1 TOJibKO
l1X IIOBe,l{eHMe He rrpeBpaTl1TC5! B OTKpbiTYIO ,l{eMOH-
CTpaUMIO He,l{OBOJibCTBa, CM.Hr':IaeT 3aKOH TaK, ':IT06bi
OH pacrrpocTpaH.HJIC.H TOJibKO Ha npo.HBJierme Herroc-
JiyrnaHM.H l1 HaMepeHHOfO HeiiO,l{':Il1HeHl15! BepXOBHOll
BJiaCTM ee BeJIM':IeCTBa>>. Ero cy)f(.ueHM.H o TOM, ':ITO
EJIM3aBeTa 3aiUMW:aJia KaTOJIM':IecKyiO Bepy, .HBJI.HIOT-
C.H OT':IacTM crrpaBe.UJil1BbiMl1. Kor.ua B 1563 ro.uy 6biJI
l13,l{aH 3aKOHO,l{aTeJibHblll aKT, rrpe.uycMaTpl1BaBilll1ll
HaKa3aHl1e 3a BTOpl1'1Hblll OTKa3 OT BepXOBHOll KJI.HT-
Bbi, KOpOJieBa IIpi1Ka3aJia CBOeMy apxMeiiMCKOIIY y6e-
,l{l1Tb BCeX B TOM, ':ITO Hl1 OT I<OfO He Tpe6yeTC5! IIpl1-
HOCl1Tb KJIHTBY ,l{Ba)f(,ll.bl. B 1571 ro.uy I1aJiaTOll 06-
W:MH l1 I1aJiaTOll JTop,l{OB IIpl1 IIO,l{,l{ep)f(Ke eiiMCKOIIOB
M COBeTHl1KOB 6biJI IIpl1H5IT 3ai<O!IOIIpOeKT 0 HaKa3a-
Illil1 3a yKJIOHei-nre OT npw-racnr.H, no KopoJieBa ua-
* J!bDCCTIIblH tjllf!IOC:OtjJ-M<lTCpHaJHICT, Chill JIOp,ll.a-xpaiilfTCJHI
ne<raTJI. - Pea.


®Zit
KopoAeBa H ~epKOBb
~
lll~====~Jil
JIO)KllJia Ha Hero BeTO ll OTI<JIOHllJia IIOBTOpiibie rrpe.n:-
JIO)KeHll51 no ero npuH51TlliO B 1572 - 1576 ll 1581
ro,n:ax. Ho TeprrllMOCTb EJillSaBeTbi 6brJia cnJibHO or-
paHw-IeHa. 0Ha Tpe6oBaJia, I<aK, HarrpllMep, B 1591
ro,n:y, 1
-I T06bi KaTOJillKll IIO,UBepraJillCb HaKaSaHlliO
TOJibKO sa rocy.n:apcTBeHHYIO llSMeHy, a He sa ~peJill­
rllOSHbie BSrJI51.Ubi~ 17 • EcJill OHa caMa B 3TO BepllJia,
TO TOJibKO rroToMy, '-ITO rrosBOJI51Jia ce651 o6MaHbiBaTb
'-IllHOBHllKaM, JIO)KHO 06BllH51BlllllM KaTOJillKOB, ll IIO-
TOMY '-ITO B IIOH51Tlle rocy,n:apCTBeHHOM llSMeHhi BXO-
,llllJill ,n:eHCTBll51, KOTOpbiX KaTOJillKll e,n:Ba Jill MOrJill
lls6e)KaTb. My)K'-IllHbi ll )KeHillllHbi MorJill HcrroBe,n:o-
BaTb OT Jill'-IHbie OT EJillSaBeTbi peJillrllOSHbie BsrJI51-
.Ubi IIpll ycJIOBllll, '-ITO OHll Hlll.J:ero He rrpe,n:rrpllHHMa-
Jlll rrpOTllB KOpOJieBCKOH peJillflill ll ,n:ep)KaJIU CBOe
MHeHlle rrpll ce6e. 3Ta rroJillTllKa 6brJia HarrpaBJieHa
He Ha coxpaHeHlle KaTOJillUllSMa, a Ha rro,n:aBJieHlle c
Ha,Ue)K,UOH Ha ero Bb!MllpaHlle B IIOCJie,n:yiOIUllX IIOKO-
JieHll51X.
EJillSaBeTa orrpaB,UbiBaJia BTOp)KeHlle B Hn.n:ep-
JiaH,n:bi B 1589 ro,n:y TeM, '-ITO XOTeJia SalllllTllTb fOJI-
JiaH,n:UeB OT llHKBllSllUHll, HO BCe 3TO 6biJIO ,llbiMOBOH
saBecoH:. Ha caMOM ,n:eJie OHa rrpecJie,n:oBaJia HaUllO-
HaJibHbie llHTepecbr Anrmm. 0Ha He xoTeJia HaB51-
SbiBaTb anrJill'-IaHaM peJillrll03Hbie BsrJI51.Ubi, HO c.n:ep-
)KllBaJia ce651 He pa,n:ll IIpllHUHIIOB, a pa,n:ll IIOJillTll-
KOB. 0Ha 6biJia TeprrllMOH, Kor.n:a HeTeprrm.wcTb 6brJia
orracHoi1, ll HeTeprrllMo.H, Kor.o.a orracHoii 6brJia Tep-
IIllMOCTb. B IIIeCTll,n:ec51Tbrx-ceMll,n:ecHTbiX ro,n:ax XVI
Bei<a, KOr,n:a y KOpOJieBbi 6biJII1 OCHOBaHH51 npe,n:IIOJI-
araTb, '-ITO KaTOJillUll3M IIOrll6HCT, CCJIH He CIIpOBO-
UHpOBaTb Boemroe corrpon1BJieJ-me, npoBo,n:HJracb
IIOJIHTI1Ka pe.IIHrl103IIOti TCpriHMOCTH: /{a)KC Dlleuuree
rrp051BJICHHC HOHI<OHcpOpMHJ:.IJ. IIaKa3biBaJlOCb TOj!b-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKaSI
~
lll~========A)T"Jil
KOBO npeMSI IIOJIIiTlP:ICCKMX CMyT, KaK, HarrpMMCp, B
CJiyqae C DOCCTaHMCM CCBCpHbiX rpacpon M rry6JIMKa-
IJ:MCt'r rrancKoii: 6yJIJibi o cnep:>KCHMM. OrpaHMqeHHaSI
TCpiiHMOCTb KaTOJIMKOB 6biJia CBM,UCTCJibCTBOM TOH-
KOfO IIOJIMTMqeCKOfO qyBCTBa: perrpeCCHM MOfJIH Bbi-
3BaTb a,UMMHMCTpaTUBHbiC OCJIO:>KHCHMSI, OC06CHHO IIpM
HaJIJ1qJ1J1 TaKOfO 60JibiiiOf0 KOJIMqCCTBa KOHCCpBaTO-
pOB cpe.n:M cyl(eii: II .n:yxonencTna, a no3MO:>KHO .n:a:>Ke,
rrp1mecni K o6paTHbiM rrocJie,UCTBIISIM. EJIII3aneTe
y ,UaJIOCb IIOJIHTII"l!CCKyro HC06XO,UIIMOCTb rrpenpaniTb
B BII,UUMOCTb TCpiiHMOH ,U06pO,UCTCJilL Ho BCKOpe 6a-
JiaHC 6brJI napyiiieH.
C IIpi1TOKOM 60JibiiiOfO KOJIJiqCCTBa HOBbiX CB51-
Il{CHHIIKOB-CCMI1HapHCTOB B 157 4 ro.n:y M IIpii6biTHCM
IIC3YHTOB B 1580 ro.n:y YCIIJIIIJIOCb COIIpOTIIBJICHIIC Ka-
TOJIIIKOB. C IIOIIOJIHCHIICM CBOMX pSI,UOB CTapaSI peJIII-
fliSI y)KC ne co6npaJiacb YMHpaTb, ee rrpHIIIJIOCb 6br
ymJ:qTo:>KaTb. EJIM3aneTa MC,[(JICHHO rrpMcrroca6mma-
Jiacb K 06CT05ITCJibCTDaM. 0Ha DCCr,Ua HeOXOTHO Me-
IIHJia Bbr6paHHblH rro.l:mTwrecKMH Kypc. Bo3MO:>KHO, or-ra
6biJia OTBCTCTBCIHIOH 3a CMSirqerme HaKa3amiti ,[(JISI
HOHKOHcpOpMI1CTOB, rrpe.n:ycMaTpMBaBIIIMXCSI 3aKOHOI1-
poeKTOM B 1581 II 1582 ro.n:ax. JJecTep B030IIMJI: ~HM­
qTo He oropqaeT Men5I 6oJibiiie, qeM na6mo.n:aTb, KaK
Haiiia KopoJiena MCKpem-re nepnT B To, qTo yneJiwre-
HEe qucJia rram1CTOB B CC KOpOJICBCTBe He rrpe,D.CTaB-
JISICT .UJISI Hee HMKaKoii: orracHOCTM~ 18 • Ho, HaKoneu:,
ona c.n:aJiacb. B 1582 ro.l{y 6biJia M3,UaHa npor<JiaMa-
U:MSI, ITO KOTOpOH BCe CeMMHapMCTbl M Me3yiiTbi SIBJIH-
JIMCb M3MCHHMKaMM, TaK qTO CaMO 3TO 3BaHMe rrpM-
paBHMBaJIOCb K rrpecTyrrJieHMIO. Orrpe.n:eJieHMe rrpHHSI-
JIO CMJIY 3arwna B 1585 ro.n:y. C 1583 fO,[(a BbiSIBJieHMC
HOHKOHcpopMHCTOB 6biJIO rropyqeHO CIIeU:MaJihHbiM KO-
MMCCMSIM M YCMJIMJIOCb ,n;aBJier-me Ha aiiOJIMTlfqHbiX Ka-


~
KopoAeua H ~epKOBb
~
l'l~================A>TJI1
TOJUII<OB. Coxpam.rJiacb CBo6o,ZJ;a BepoHcnoBe,ZJ;amm, HO
KaTOJIHI<H nO,ZJ;BepraJIHCb IIITpacpaM, 3aKJIIO"l!ei-IHIO B
TIOpbMbi H ,ZJ;a)Ke Ka3HH 3a TO, Ha "liTO paHbiiie BJiaCTH
3aKpbiBaJIH rJia3a. ,l{o 1582 ro,ZJ;a EJIH3aBeTa 6miJiacb
npecJie,ZJ;OBaTb KaTOJIHKOB, n03)Ke OHa 6miJiaCb 8TOfO
He ,ZJ;eJiaTb.
Ho, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, B nepBbiH nepHo.ZJ; Ilap-
CTBOBaHH.H, EJIH3aBeTa CTapaJiaCb 1136eraTb HenyJK-
HbiX Hana,ZJ;OK Ha r<aTOJIHKOB. 3THM 06b.HCH.HIOTC.H ee
KOHcpJIHKTbi C 6JiarO"l!eCTHBbiM11 npoTeCTai-ITaM11 - OHa
cTpeMHJiacb o6xo,ZJ;11Tb Te acner<Tbi npoTecTaHTH3Ma,
KOTOpbie MOfJI11 Bbi3BaTb He,ZJ;OBOJibCTBO KOHCCpBaTO-
pOB. B 8TOM CBeTe cJie.ZJ;yeT paccMaTp11BaTb ee CTOJI-
KHOBeHHe C apxHen11CKOnOM fpHH,ZJ;aJIOM no nOBO.ZJ;y
TOJIKOBaH11H CB.HllleHHoro npe.ZJ;aH11.H, noToMy "liTO no
Bonpocy nponoBe.ZJ;H, KaK 11 no ner<oTopbiM .ZJ;pyr11M
BonpocaM, nonbiTKH EJIH3aBeTbi yMHpOTBOpHTb Ka-
TOJIHKOB OCKOp6JI.HJI11 y6e)K,ZJ;eHHbiX npOTeCTaHTOB.
ToJIKOBaH11.H 6biJIH peryJI.HpHbiMH MecTHbiM11 co6pa-
HH.HMH, Ha KOTOpbiX CB.HllleHH11K11 HHTepnpeTHpODa-
JI11 6H6JieHCK11e TeKCTbi, a 11X pyKOBO.ZJ;HTeJIH 8TO KOM-
MeHTHpOBaJI11; 8TO 6biJIH ,ZJ;OnOJIH11TeJibi-Ibie 3aH.HTH.H,
"l!T06bi ycoBepiiieHCTBOBaTb Ka"l!eCTBO nponoBe,ZJ;eH, a
TaK KaK MHp.HHe TO)Ke HHOf,ZJ;a npHCYTCTBOBaJI11, C0-
6pamUI 6biJI11 cpe.ZJ;CTBOM o6pal1leHH.H B peJIHfHIO.
ToJIKOBaHH.H no,ZJ;"l!epK11BaJIH npoTecTaHT113M aHrJIH-
KaHcr<oil llepKBH, CTpeMHJI11Cb C,ZJ;eJiaTb ee MHCCHO-
nepCKOH llCPKOBbiO, a TaK KaK "l!aCTO np11XO.ZJ;HJI11 MH-
pOBbie CY.ZJ;b11, OHH, Ka3aJIOCb, CB.H3biBaJIH fOCy.ZJ;apCTBO
C MHCCHOHepCKOH ,ZJ;e.HTeJibHOCTbiO. ,llOJI)l<HO 6biTb, DCe
8TH acneKTbi o6ecnOK011JIH KOpOJJeBy OTHOCIITeJibHO
peaKUHH KaTOJIHKOB, 11 B 157 4 r. Emr3aBeTa np11Ka-
3aJia enHcKony CaH.ZJ;3Y nper<paTHTb TOJII<OBaHH.H B
JloH.ZJ;OHe. CaH.ZJ;3 B03pa3HJI, "liTO co6paHH.H xopoiiio


opraHI130BaHoi 11 rroJIC3Hbi, 11 rrpoMe,rvmJI. Kor,n:a ap-
xuerrHcKorr ITapKep pacrrpoCTpani1JI TO )Ke caMoe 3a-
rrpem;eHI1e Ha errapxmo Hop11,n:)Ka, err11cKorr ITap-
KxepcT 3apyl.!uJic5l rro,n:,n:ep)KKOH l.!.7IeHOB TaH:noro co-
BeTa, IIOCKOJibKY IIp11IIIJIOCb rrpe,n:rrp11I-I5!Tb ,n:eHCTBI151
rrpOTI1B co6pa1m:i1:. B 1575 r. EJI113aBeTa rrp11Ka3aJia
CIII1CKOIIY Jhii-IKOJibi-Ia IIOKOH1.!11Tb C TOJIKOBaHI151MI1 B
ero errapX1111, HO OH TO)KC Me,UJI11JI, 3apy1.!11Billi1Cb IIO,U-
,n:ep)KKOM MeCTHbiX M11pOBbiX cy,n:e:i1:, 11 ,n:eHCTBOBaJI
JII1IIIb c KpaH:neH: neoxoToH:. B 1576 r., BO BpeM51
rroe3,UK11 no u:enTpaJibi-IbiM rpacpcTBaM, EJI113aBeTa
YCJibiiiiaJia, l.!TO TOJIKOBai-11151 Ol.!CHb IIOIIYJI51pHbl B
CayTreMe, 11 rrp11Ka3aJia err11cKorry J1111.!cp11JI,n:a rroKoH-
l.!I1Th C I-111MI1.
,l(o CI1X IIOp KOpOJieBCKa5l KaMrraH1151 IIpOTHB TOJI-
KOBai-II1H 6biJia IIOJIOBI1I-Il.!aTOH; KOpOJieBa o6pamaJia
BHI1MaHI1C TOJibKO Ha KOHKpeTHbiC co6paHI15l. Ho B
1576 r. ORa ,n:aJia yKa3aHI1C apX11CIII1CKOIIY fp11H,Ua-
JIY IIOKOH1.!11Tb C TaKOH ,UC51TCJibHOCTbiO 11 COKpaTI1Tb
KOJIHl.!eCTBO Ocp11IJ;11aJibHbiX IIpOIIOBe,UH11KOB ,UO Tpex
11JII1 l.!CTbipex Ha Ka)K,n:yro errapx1110: oHa 6biJia peiiii1-
TeJibHO HaCTpOeHa Ha COKpaiUCHI1e IIpOIIOBe,UH11l.!eC-
I<OH ,Ue51TeJibHOCTI1 aHrJII1KaHCKOH u;epKB11. fp11Ii,UaJI
,UBa)K,Ubl IIOJiyl.!aJI ycTHbiC IIp11Ka3bi OT KOpOJICBbl, HO
He IIO,U11liHI1JIC5l. Bo-rrepBbiX, OH pa3ocJiaJI yKa3aHI151
CB011M CIII1CKOIIaM, l.!T06bi 3apyqi1TbC51 IIOJIHbiM O,U06-
peHI1eM TOJIKOBaH11li OT ,UCC51TI1 113 II51THa,n:u;aTI1 a,n:pe-
CaTOB, H IIOTOM Haiii1CaJI KOpOJieBe, OTKa3biBa51Cb Bbi-
IIOJfHHTb ee IIp11Ka3. fp11H,UaJI rrpe,n:cTaBHJI peiiii1TCJib-
HYIO 3aiUHTY neo6xo,n:vrr-.mcTH rrponone,neM: n cpaKT11-
l.JecKn cKa3aJI EJm3aBeTe, l.JTo6oi oHa 3aHHMaJiaco ro-
cy,n:apCTBCHHhiMH ,UCJiaMH H OCTaBHJia pCJIHfHIO CIIHC-
KOIIaM. BepxoBna51 rrpaBHTCJibHI1Ua u:epKDH 6oiJia B


~
KopoAeBa H qepKOBb
~
l:'l"U..==========~Jil
HpOCTI1: fp111-I.LJ:aJia OTCTpaHI1JII1 OT .LJ:OJI)KI-IOCTI1, 11 B
Mae 1577 r. caMa EJI113aBeTa np111<asaJia eni1CKonaM
npeKpaTI1Tb TOJIKOBaHI1H (XOTH, "liTO O"lleHb Ba)KI-10,
Tenepb ona onycTI1Jia Tpe6oBaHI1e o coKparn:eHI111 npo-
noBe.n:en, BepOHTI-10, 113-3a OTCYTCTBI1H no.n:.n:ep:>KK11 CO
CTopoi-Ibi CBoero CoBeTa; nenoBI1HOBeHI1e fp11H.LJ:aJia
no Mei-Ibiiien Mepe cys11Jio npo6JieMy .n:o TOJIKOBai-mn).
3aTeM nOCJie.LJ:OBaJII1 MY"lli1TeJibi-Ibie Mai-IeBpbi, BO Bpe-
MH KOTOpbiX KOpOJieBa BpeMH OT BpeMei-111 nbiTaJiaCb
cpopc11pOBaTb KOI-IcppOHTal(1110 CO CBOI1M apX11eni1C-
KOnOM, a Be.n:yrn:He COBeTHHKI1 CTapaJIHCb 3all(HT11Tb
fpHH.LJ:aJia OT ee fHeBa 11 Bbipa6oTaTb KOMnpOMI1CC.
llieCTb JieT, .LJ:O CMepT11 fp11H.LJ:aJia B 1583 f., y QepK-
BI1 He 6biJIO aKT11BHoro apx11en:ncKona KeHTep6ep11n-
cKoro.
llo"lleMy :>Ke EJI113aBeTa saiiiJia TaK .n:aJieKo 11
nOIIIJia Ha CKaH.LJ:aJI C OTCTpaHeHI1eM apX11eni1CKOna?
TanHbin coBeT o6B11HHJI ~KpynHbie rpynn11pOBK11 11
ceKTbi, KOTOpbie Bce BospacTaJII1 no np11"lli1He :non
.n:eHTeJibHOCTI1~ ( TOJIKOBaHI1n), no.n:pbiBaH e.LJ:I1HCTBO
.n:oi<Tp11Hbi 11 JII1Typr1111. Ho 3TO o6bHCHeHI1e 6biJIO
npe.n:Jio:>KeHo noToMy, "liTO CoBeT xoTeJI orpaHI1l.IIITb
BOnpoc TOJIKOBaH11HMI1 11 .LJ:OCTI1fHYTb COrJiaiiiCHI1H,
3anpeTI1B TOJibKO CaMbiC 6ypHbie co6paHI1H 11JII1 11C-
KJIIO"lll1B M11pHH. KasaJIOCb, EJI113aBeTa Bospa:>KaJia
IIpOTI1B yBeJII1"lleHI1H npOTeCTaHTCKI1X nponone.n:en B
aHrJI11KaHCKOn u:epKB11, "liTO He HpaBI1JIOCb KOHcpOp-
MI1CTaM-KOHCCpBaTOpaM 11 "ll:aCTO BeJIO K paCKOJIY B
np11xo.n:ax. B MapTe 1576 r. en npe.n:CTaBHJII1 nap-
JiaMeHTCKYIO nCTI1l(I1IO 0 pemiri103HOii pecpOpMC, B
KOTOpOH BbiCKa3biBaJII1Cb CO:>KaJieHI1H 0 COKpanlemm
nponoBe.n:eii, ~e.n::miCTBeHnoro o6hi"llnoro cpe.n:cTBa
cnaceHI1H .LJ:YIII 11 B03JI:IO:>KHOCTI1 nay1.IHTb no.n:.n:aHI-IbiX


Bamero BeJIHl.J:CCTBa HCTHHHOMY rrocJiyiiiaHHIO>> 19
•
Emr3aneTa rroo6emaJia pecpopMy HJin rrocpe,n:cTBOM
KOHBOKaU:HH *, 11JII1 CBOI1M11 IIp.HMbiMll .l(CMCTBI1.HMI1,
11 KOHBOKaiJ}I.SI rrpe,n:JIO:>KHJia HOBbie rrpaBHJia IIO IIO.l(-
fOTOBKC .uyxoneHcTBa. Ho KopoJieaa He HMeJia Ha-
Mepeun.H paciiiHp.HTb rrporrone,n:11; cKopee, KaK rro-
Ka3aJia ee CTbll.J:Ka C fpHH.l(aJIOM, OHa XOTCJia HX CO-
KpaTHTb. Ha BCTpe'-Ie CO CBOHMH errHCKOITaMH H CO-
BCTHHKaMH B 1585 f. EJIH3aBeTa IIOKp11TI1KOBaJia
CIIHCKOIIOB 3a TO, '-ITO OHH ,n:orrycKaJIH pa3H006pa-
311e B rrponoae,n:.Hx If pHTyaJiax. Kor.n:a Jiop.n: EepJIH
IIOIIbiTaJIC.H BH.l(OH3l\1eHlfTb ee 3aMel.J:aHlf.H B aTaKe Ha
errMCKOIIOB 3a IIOCB.HII.leHHC HCBC:>KeCTBCHHbiX CB.H-
II.leHHlfKOB, apxHenHcKon YHTrHcpT OTBeTHJI,
'-ITO
HeB03MQ)KHO 6biJIO o6eCIICl.J:I1Tb o6pa30BaHHbiMlf CB.H-
II.leHHlfKaMH 13000 aHfJilfMCKHX u;epKBeM. ~DO:>Ke,
TpHHa,n:u;aTb TbiC.Hl.J:? - BOCKJilfKHyJia KOpOJICBa.
-
HeB03MQ)KHO IIbiTaTbC.H 3TO c,n:eJiaTb. 5I He xo'-Iy cKa-
3aTb, '-ITO Bbl .l(OJI:>KHbi Bbi6HpaTb CB.HII.leHHHKOB TOJib-
KO lf3 o6yl.J:CHHbiX, 1160 11X HeT, HO 113 l.J:eCTHbiX, Tpe3-
BbiX If My,n:pbiX JIIO,n:eif, TaKlfX, KOTOpbie CMOfYT XO-
pOIIIO l.J:HTaTb JIIO.l(.HM IIHCaHHe If HaCTaBJieHH.H~ 20 •
~XopOillO l.J:lfTaTb IIlfCaHlfe If HaCTaBJieHlf.H~ - 3TO
To, l.J:ero xoTeJia EJIH3aBeTa, If 3TO Ol.J:eHb ,n:aJieKo He
COOTBCTCTBOBaJIO Tpe6oBaHlf.HM 6JiafOl.J:CCTliBbiX Mlf-
p.HH, COBCTHHKOB, Cl111CKOIIOB, CB.HII.leHHlfKOB 11 IIpO-
CTbiX .mo,n:eif, KOTOpbiM HY:>KI-Ibl 6biJIH o6pa30BaHIIbie,
IIpOIIOBC.l(YIOII.lHC, pacrrpOCTpaH.HlOII.lHC rrp OTCCTaHTCT-
BO CB.HII{eHHHKH.
EJm3aBeTa D30IIIJia Ha rrpccTOJ1 KaK KopoJiena
IIpOTCCTaHTOB, HO DCKOpC OHa BCTyrniJia C I-IlfMlf B
Koncpm·IKT. Hac'-ICT KOMII03HUHII Km1rn o6n{HX MO-
"' Co6pauuc, C03h!D .D:JUI rro,n:aqu roJiocon.
-
PeiJ.


~
KopoAeBa H qepKOBh
~
lll~======~JII
JIHTB - ee OTKaS HSMCHHTb ero, HaB51SbiBaHHC KOH-
cpopMHSMa, ee OeTOpQ)KHOeTb B ITOI{aBJICHHH KaTO-
JIHKOB, orpaHwieHne rrponoae.n:eH: - aee 3TO BbiSbi-
BaJio HenpH51THC npOTeeTaHTeKHX JIHJJ:CpOB H npo-
TeeTaHTeKOfO o6meeTBeni-Ioro MHCHH51. TaKm-r o6-
pasoM, ee npaaJieHne npe.n:eTaBJI51eTe51, KaK eKasaJI
HHJI, .n:oJiroepo•moH: 6nTBOH e ~nypHTaHaMH~, TaK
KaK OHa 6opoJiaeb sa e.n:epiKHBaHne I{BHJKYI.UHX eHJI
pa.n:HKaJibHOro npoTeeTaHTHSMa
21
•
Ho ~nypnTane~
eTaJIH rrpo6JICMOH B OeHOBHOM ITOTOMY, 'ITO EJIHSa-
BCTa TaK l{aJICKO SaiiiJia B npHMHpCHHH e KaTOJIHKa-
MH. CBOHMH yeTynKaMH B nepBbiC fOI{bl H ITOeJie.n:y-
IOII~HM nx npo.n:omKeHHeM EJmsaaeTa e.n:epiKaJia npo-
6JieMy KOHeepBaTIISMa, HO Sa 3TOT e'!CT OHa e031{a-
Jia npo6JreMy ~pa.n:HKaJIHSMa~. 11 3To 6biJia eTpaH-
Ha51 cpopMa pa.n:HKaJIHSMa, IWTopa51 no.n:aepJKnBaJiaeb
ae.n:yi.UHMH '!JieHaJI.m TaH:Horo eoaeTa n 6oJiblllHHeT-
BOM errneKOITOB. EJIHSaBeTa eMeeTHJia uepKOBHhlH
ueHTp TmKeeTn, n, e.n:eJiaB 3To, ona Tommy.Jia eao-
nx peJIHriiOSHbiX eOBCTHHKOB H I{OJIJKHOeTHbiX JIHU
K npOTHBOITOJIOJKHOM pOJIH. )lo TCX rrop, ITOKa ei1:
y l{aJIOeb HaSHa'IHTb ITOI<OJICHHC CITHei<OITOB, KOTOpbie
rrpHHHMaJIH anrJIIIKaneKyiO uepKOBb, o6paSOBaHI-IYIO
B 1570 r., H KOTOpbiC I{OeTHfJIH speJIOeTH Bee JIOHe,
SaiJ~HTa KOpOJICBOH eBoero ~ypery JIHpOBaHM5!~ noe-
TaBHJia ee B KOHcppOHTaiUUO e emieKOITaMH H MHO-
ri1MH HS ee eoBenmKOB. Bee rnaraJin He B nory,
I<pOMC KOpOJICBbl.
HeeMoTp51 Ha ee JIH'IHbiH rrpoTeeTaHTH3M, CTpax
EJIHsaaeTbi rrepe.n: KaTOJIHKaMH rrpHBeJI ee K TOMY, 'ITO
OHa eMOTpeJia Ha peJIHfl!IO e TO'IKH 3pCHH51 ITOJIHTH-
qeeKOH JJ:eJieeoo6pa3HOeTH. B r Jiyrroii repoH'!eeKoH:
nporroae.n:11 B cpeapaJie 1570 r. 3.n:yap.n: )lHpHHr sa-


5IBHJI e:H B JIHU:O, qTo oHa rrpe.n;aeT Bepy pa.n;H y3KO-
CBeTCKHX HHTepecoB. OH rrepeqHCJIHJI Bee, qTo Merna-
JIG u:epKBH rrpOBO,li;HTb 3cpcpeKTHBHYIO eBaHreJIHqecKyiO
pa6oTy, H IIOBepHyJIC5I K KOpOJieBe: d1 BCe )l(e Bbi,
IIOKa TBOp5ITC5I BCe 3TH epeCH, Bbl, KOMY fOCIIO,ll;b rrpe-
rropyqHJI 3a6oTy o u:epKBH, Bbi CH,li;HTe crroKOHHO H
ocTaeTecb 6e33a6oTHOH. IIycTb JIIO,li;H .n;eJiaiOT, qTQ xo-
T5IT. Bo3MO)I(HO, 3TO He 3aTparHBaeT Barne yrrpaBJie-
HHe, H II03TOMY Bbi ,li;OBOJibHbl, OCTaBJI515I BCe Ha CBO-
HX MecTax~. IloJIHTHqecKHe rrpHopHTeTbi EIIH3aBeTbi
CTaBHJIH ee eiiHCKOIIOB, OC06eHHO rrepBOe IIOKOJieHHe,
B 3aTpy.n;HHTeJihHoe rroJIO)I(eHHe. KopoiieBa HaB513bi-
BaJia HM CBOH Tpe6oBaHH5I ITO Be.n;eHHIO o6p5I,li;OB H
O,ll;e)l(,ll;e, qTQ HM He HpaBHJIOCb, .n;a eme IIpH 3TOM JIH-
IIIaJia HX o6meCTBeHHOH IIOMep)I(KH H Q)I(H,ll;aJia, qTQ
OHM CTaHyT IIOCJIYlliHO HeCTH rpy3 IIOBHHOBeHH5I. 0Ha
rrpHKa3aJia HM 6opOTbC5I C HOHKOHcpOpMHCTaMH, HO ee
COBeTHHKH rrpeii5ITCTBOBaJIH 3TOMY H 3alllHlllaJIH He-
IIQ,ll;qlfHHBlliHXC5I. 0Ha Ha,ll;e5IJiaCb Ha TO, qTQ OHM 6y-
.n;yT e:H 6ecrrpeKOCJIOBHO JIQ,ll;qlfH5ITbC5I, H rrpe3Hpaiia
3a rrpOMaXH, HO IIpH 3TOM IIO,ll;pbiBaJia HX CTaTyC H
OCJia6JI5IJia HX BJiaCTb, IIOCT05IHHO IIpHCBaHBaH rrpH-
Ha,li;Jie)l(aBWYIO HM co6cTBeHHOCTh. B 1575 ro.n;y ap-
XHerrHcKorr IIapKep )l(aJioBaJic5I: <<Ee BeJIHqecTBO Ha-
3HaqHJia MeH5I BepXOBHbiM u:epKOBHhlM rrpaBHTeJieM 1
HO KaK MO)I(HQ yrrpaBJI5ITb 1 KOr.n;a BCe HaCTOJibKO XHT-
po 3arryTaHo? ~ 22 .
KopoiieBa 3acTaBJI5IJia CBOHX errHcKorroB BbiiiOJI-
H5ITb TPY.n;HyiO H HHor.n;a HerrpH5ITHYIO pa6oTy 1 HO rrpH.
3TOM JIHlliaJia HX B03MQ)I<HOCTH BbiiiOJIH5ITb ee ,li;OCTOH-
HO. UepKOBHbie IIO)I(epTBOBaHH51 1 KOTOpbie .n;OJI)KHbi
6biJIH IIOMep)I(HBaTb rrpeCTH)K enHCKOITOB H qmnaH-
CHpOBaTb 6oJiee 3cpcpeKTHBHYIO HX pa60Ty1 na caMoM


~
KopoAeBa " ~epKOBb
~
}.ll~=======~l!
,n:eJie IIIJIH Ha peaJIH3aUHIO noJmTwrecKHX ueJiciL Oqm-
UHaJibHOe OTHOIIIeHHe I< emrCKOriaJibHOH C06CTBeHIIOCTI1
cTaJio o"l!eBH.UHbiM B caMOM Ha"l!aJie npaBJiemm EJIH3a-
aeTbi. AKT 1559 rona o6 o6Mene ,n:aBaJI r<OpoJieBe npa-
BO 3aMeiUITb uepKOBHbie ,n:eC.HTI1Hbl, nepe,n:aBaeMbie BO
BJia,UeHHe CBeTCK11M JIHUaM, enHCKOnaJibHblMI1 3CMJI.H-
MH, KOTOpbie BpeMeHHO OCTaJIHCb 6e3 naCTIJlp.H. Bo3-
MO:>KHO, 3TOT aKT 6biJI paCC"l!HTaH Ha 6biCTpyiO BblfO.UY
,[{JI.H KOpOJieBCKOH BJiaCTH fiOCJie JIHIIIeHH.H 6eueqm-
UHH enucKonoa MapHH. PennueJibHOe npoTHBOCTO.H-
HHe npoTeCTaHTCKHX enHCKOnOB Ct-I.Hf"l!JIJIO y,n:ap, Bbi-
3BaHHblll aKTOM, l1 3aMeHbl 6biJIH npOH3Be,UeHbl TOJib-
KO B O,UHHHa,n:uaTH enapXH.HX, Tal< "liTO noTep11 6biJIJI
CKOpee He3Ha"l!HTeJibHbiMH, "l!eM pa3pyiiiHTeJibHbiMH.
fopa3,UO 60JibliiHH ypOH npmieCJIH ,UOnOJIHHTeJibHbie
noJio:>KeHn.H aKTa. C,n:a-qa B apeH,n:y enucKonaJibHbiX
3eMeJib 6biJia OrpaHH"lleHa CpOKOM ,[{0 ,UBa,n:uaTH JICT,
eCJIH apeH,UaTOpOM BbiCrynaJia He KOpOJieBa. 3TO Bbi-
HY:>K.UaJIO enucKonoB c.n:aaaTb 3eMJIH B ,n:oJirocpo"l!Hyro
apeH,n:y EJIH3aBeTe, KOTOpa.H 3aTeM pa3,n:aBaJia HX B
Ka"l!eCTBe Harpa,n: CBOHM COBeTHHKaM, npH,UBOpHbiM l1
apHCTOKpaTHH.
TiepBoHa"llaJibHO EJIH3aBeTa He 3JioynoTpe6JI.HJia
3TOH XHTpoH: yJIOBKOH. C 1559 no 1573 ro.n: eiO 6hiJIO
npHH.HTO TOJibKO "l!eTbipe ,UOJII'OCpO"l!HbiX apeH,Ubl, ,[{Be
H3 KOTOpbiX nepeiiiJIH anocJie,n:CTBHH K BnJib.HMY Ce-
CHJIY, a oCTaJibHbie ,n:Be - K '-IJieHaM Tai1Horo Ka6Hne-
Ta. Ho y:>Ke C 1574 IIO 1603 fO,[{ COCTO.HJIOCb n.HTb,Ue-
C.HT CeMb apeH,U, CpOI<OM OT 40 ,[{0 120 JieT. llo,n:o6Hble
apen,n:bi cTaJIH ycJIOBHCM na3na'-reHH.H enHci<onoB. B
1584 ro.n:y, no yBepeHH.HM P3JIH, fo.n:mm no.riy'-mJI
enapx1111 B E<ne H Y JJibce B o6Men rra c,n:a-qy B apCHJW
BHBeJIHCI<OM6a cpor<oM na ,n:eB.HHOCTO ,n:eB.HTb JieT.


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKa.SI
~
l'l~======A)TJI!
TiocJie Ha3Ha'IeiiH5I CK3M6Jiepa emtci<OIIOM HopM,ll)Ka,
OH B 1588 rony cnaJI B apeHny CpOKOM Ha BOCeMbne-
C5IT JICT lllCCTbnCC.HT onHO IIOMCCTbC, KOTOpbie BIIOC-
JienCTBHH rrepernJIM K c3py ToMacy XMHMn)Ky. 11Hor-
na B03HHKaJIM rrpoTeCTbi. TaK, XaTTOH, JIMlllMBlllMCb B
1594 rony B03MO)KHOCTI1 IIOJIYl.J:MTb errapXHIO fiopKa,
rronBepr COMHeHMIO MOpaJibHYIO CTOpOHY neMCTBMM
KopoJieBbi. Po6epT CecMJI rrpenyrrpenMJI ero, ':ITO ~Ta­
KHe TOHKOCTM He CJienyeT IIpMHMMaTb B pacl.J:eT, KOrna
pel.J:b MneT 0 rrpMKa3e CTOJlb BbiCOKOIIOCTaBJieHHOM OC0-
6bi~. Kor.ua oMJICOH rroJiy':IMJI BMHl.J:ecTep, eMy rrpM-
lllJIOCb OTnaTb C3py <l>p3HCMCY KepbiO apeHny CTOM-
MOCTbiO B nae TbiC5Il.J:M MapoK. B 1596 rony EJIM3aBeTa
rrp.HMO rmcaJia eMy: ~HaM Heo6xo.n;MMO B03Harpa,uMTb
ero 3a .ZJ;OJifYIO CJiy)K6y 6biCTpOM apeH.ZJ;OM, KOTOpa5I
He COCTaBMJia 6bi 3Ha':IMTeJibHOM IIOTepM .ZJ;JUI errapXMH~.
Ho nJI.H )KannhiX rrpMnaopHbiX 3TO BTopoe ycJIOBMe He
acer.ua MMeJio CMJIY. B 1592 rony EJIM3aBeTa rroTpe6o-
aaJia OT errMCKOIIa CoJic6epMMCKOfO cnaTb lliep6opH
B apeHny P3JIM, HO IIOCJie.ZJ;HMM rpy6biMI1 3arryrMBaHM-
5IMI1 3aCTaBHJI CJienyiO:m:ero eiiMCKOIIa rrponJIMTb apeHny
no 1599 rona. He y.n;MBMTeJibHO, ':ITO XapMHITOH o.n;-
Ha)Knbr BbiCKa3aJIC5I ITO IIOBony TOfO, l.J:TO rrpMnaop-
Hbie 60Jibllle IIpMBbiKJIM ~)KHTb 3a Cl.J:eT u;epKBM, ':leM
MOJII1TbC5I B u;epKBM~ 23 •
EJIM3aBeTa 3arryrMBaJia errMCKOIIOB, JIMlllaJia MX
noxonoa I1 MCTOIUaJia MX CHJlbi. TipaBO Ha3Ha':laTb
emlCKOllOB naBaJIO eM KOHTpOJib Han ':leCTOJII06UBbiM
nyxoaencTBOM. Korna PMt.Iapn <l>JieT'-Iep rroTpe6o-
BaJI B 1589 rony 6pMCTOJibCKyro errapxmo, eMy rrpn-
lllJIOCb cnaTb l.J:aCTb C06CTBCHHOCTll, IIpllHanJie)KaB-
lllCH y)Ke nJioxo o6ecnel.J:HBaeMoH: errapxnH. BcKope
eMy ynaJIOCb CTaTb onHHM 113 JII06HMbiX CB5III.J;CHHH-


R ====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=~=e=p=K=O=B=b===B
KOB KoponeBhl, oTqacTH 6naro~apa rrporroBe~aM,
oTqacTH - necTH. XapHHrTOH ~oKna~I:>IBan, qTo TOT
3HaeT 0 TOM, qeM MO:>KeT ~OCT3BHTb pa~OCTb KOpO-
neBe, H 6y~eT I10flb30B3Tl>CH 3THM, HeCMOTpB Ha
o6H~l>I oKpy:>KaiO~Hx~. Ho B 1595 ro~y Cl>neTqepy
rrpHIIIflOCb ll0llfl3THTI:>CH T3K :>Ke, K3K H ~pyrHM.
Kor~a eMy 6nmo 3aHBneHo, qTo rrepeBo~ H3 BycTe-
pa B floH~OH 6y~eT CTOHTb eMy C~aqH B apeH~Y
3eMnH C3py 3~yap~y .ll:eHHH CpOKOM Ha ~eBHHOCTO
~eBHTb neT, OH CTan B03p3:>K3Tb rrpOTHB ~CK3H~a­
flOB, K KOTOpbiM llpHB0~5IT IT0~06HI:>Ie ycnOBHB ITO-
nyqeHHB ~epKOBHoro caHa~. Ho ero :>KenaHHe cTaTb
errHCKOITOM flOH~OHa 6I:>In0 H3CTOflbKO CHfll>Hl>IM, qTo
qepe3 ~Be He~enH OH rrpHHeC ymi3HTefll>HbiC H3BH-
HeHH.H, rroo6eman apeH~Y H B03~an xBany <<Ee Be-
nHqecTBY 3a caMyiO BHHMaTenbi-IYIO 3a6oTy o coxpa-
HeHHH ~epKOBHl>IX llO:>KepTBOB3HHH!~ 24 Tio~o6Hbie
flH~eMepHbie 33.HBneHH.H I1 ~Be TbiCBqH cpyHTOB CTep-
flHHfOB, Bl>lllnaqeHHl>IX HM rrpi1~BOpHbiM, Ha KOTO-
pbiX yKasana EnH3aBeTa, BepHynn eMy MnnocTb
KoponeBI:>I. Ho TOni:>KO BpeMeHHO. Bo3MO:>KHO, c
~enbiO B03MCCTHTb CBOH y6biTI<H Cl>neTqep :>KeHHflCB
Ha 6oraToii noH~OHCKOH B~OBe. EnH3aBeTa 6biJia B
6ernencTBe. 3To 6bina BTopa.H )KeHHTb6a errHcKorra.
EcnH HMCTb O~HY :>KeHy cqn:TanOCb lleC'I3CTbeM, TO
BTOpaa 6bin3 y:>Ke CBH~eTeflbCTBOM nerKOMbiCflHH.
Cl>neTqep 6bin OT~aneH OT ~BOpa H Ha K3KOe-TO Bpe-
MB OTCTpaHeH OT ~Ofl:>KHOCTH errHCKOITa. BcKope OH
yMep, K3K fOBOpHnH, OT KOponeBCKOH HeMHflOCTH H
3noyrroTpe6neHn:a Ta6aKoM. TonbKO o~HoMy errnc-
Korry y~anocb coxpaHBTb pacrrono:>KeHne EnH3aBe-
Tl>I B TeqeHHe Bceii )Klf3HH. 3To 6I:>In ,ll:>KoH YHT-
rwpT, apxn:errHCI<orr KeHTep6epuiicKHH c 1583 no


~ E;ut3aseTa I AHrAHHCKan
~
l'l"U.======~Jil
1604 ro.n, ee ~MaJieHbK11H qepHbiH MY:>K~. Apx11-
enHcKon :tfopKCK11H OTMel-IaJI, l{TO ~OHa BCer,n:a Bbi-
Ka3biBaJia eMy oco6oe pacnoJio:>KeH11e~ 25 . 0Ha no.n:-
.n:ep:>K11BaJia Y11Tr11qna B 6opb6e c ConeTOM B 1584
ro.ny, Kor.n:a npe.n:np11H11MaJI11Cb nonhiTK11 npeceqb
ero I<OHcpopM113M, 11 B 1586 ro.ny c.neJiaJia ero co-
BCTH11KOM. Kor,n:a KOpOJieBa 6biJia Ha CMepTHOM JIO:>Ke
( 1603), on a np113BaJia K ce6e Y 11Tr11qna 11 yMepJia,
Kpemw C)f<HMa5l ero pyKy. Ho ,n:a:>Ke Y11Tr11qn He
11MeJI nOJIHOH CB0601-{bi ,n:ei1:CTB11M. B 1595 ro,n:y OH
norrhiTaJIC5l pa3pelll11Tb peJI11r1103HbiH cnop B KeM-
6p11.n:>Ke, BBef-{5! .neBSITb .norMaTOB o npe.nonpe.neJie-
H1111 KaK OnJIOTe npaBOCJiaB115l. Ho B nJiaHbi KOpO-
JieBbi HC BXO,L{11JIO CnOC06CTBOBaTb ,L{aJibHeHllleMy pa3-
,neJiy :uepKB11. EJI113aBeTa 3acTaB11Jia Y11Tr11qna OT-
Men11Tb .norMaThi. Bo3MO:>KHO, np11 3TOM ona yrpo-
:>KaJia eMy ~cy.ne6HhiM~ npecJie.nonaH11eM 3a nocSira-
TeJibCTBO Ha ee cyBepeH11TeT. 0Ha n03BOJI11Jia eMy
l{11TaTb ce6e HaCTaBJieH115l no nOBO.l{y He06XO,L{11MOC-
T11 COXpaHeH115l C06CTBeHHOCT11 :u;epKB11, HO He MOf-
Jia .nonycTI1.Tb TOfO, l{T06bi ero Kp11T11Ka MelllaJia eli
nOHeMI-IOry np11CBa11BaTb 3TY C06CTBeHHOCTb.
Emr3aBeTe 6biJIO Bhiro.nno o6Jia,L{aTb npaBOM Ha
1-{0XO,L{bi OT enapX11H, He 11MeBlll11X en11CKOnOB, 11 He-
KOTOpbie 113 H11X I..J;CJieHanpaBJieHHO OCTaBaJI11Cb nyc-
TYIOII{11M11 B Teqen11e 1-{0JifOfO BpeMeH11. ll5ITb JieT OHa
ocTaBJISIJia enapx1111 fJIOCTepa 11 CoJic6ep11 6e3 en11c-
Konon, l:IwrecTepa - ceMb JieT, Ep11CTOJI5l - qeTbip-
Ha.n:uaTb 11 I1mi -
,n:eB5ITHa,n:I..J;aTb JieT. llp11 3TOM o6aH-
KpOTI1BIII11HC5l rpa<!J 0KCcp0pf-{ noJiyqaJI OT KOpOJie-
Bbi nencmo M3 .noxo.non 11JI11HCKOi1 cnapxH11. Enap-
X115I OKcq1op.na ocTaBaJrach 6e3 enacrwna c 1568 no
1589 11. c 1592 no 1603 ro.n. Koma :>Ke on 6biJI na-


~
KopoAesa H ~epKOBI:J
~
lll~========.A>TJ'!
3Hal.JeH B 1589 fO.UY, eMy IIpHlllJIOCb OT,UaTb KOpOHe
Bce HMeHH5I, KOTOpbre 3aTeM rrepelllJIH K rpa¢y 3c-
ceKcy . .lla)Ke B Konue cBoero rrpaBJieHH5I, Kor.ua KO-
poJieBa co3,UaJia errHcKorraT no cBoeMy BKycy, roTo-
BbiM I1CIIOJIH5ITb JII06bre ee IIpi1Ka3aHI15I, OHa BCe paB-
HO rrpOJI:OJI)KaJia 3JIOYIIOTpe6JI5ITb CBOeii: BJiaCTbiO Bep-
XOBHOfO rrpaBHTeJI5I. UepKOBHa5I co6cTBeHHOCTb Ha-
XO.UHJiaCb BO BJiacTH ¢11nancoBbiX HY)K.U
.UBOpa 11
Tpe6oBaJII1M rrpH,UBOpHbiX, a peJII1fl15I CT05IJia Ha CJiy)K-
6e IIOJII1TI1l.JeCKI1X pacqeTOB KOpOJieBbi. IJpH BCeM CEO-
eM HCKpeHHeM rrpoTeCTaHTI13Me KOpOJieBa I1CIIOJib30-
BaJia uepKOBb KaK opy.u11e IIOJIHTHKH. Bo3MO)KHO, ona
11 6brJia opy,UHeM Bora, no anrJIHr<ancKa5I uepKOBb
6brJia ee co6cTBeHHbiM opy.uHeM.
ITPI1ME1.JAHI151 11 CCbiJIKI1
1. Erickson C 1983 The First Elizabeth. Macmil-
lan, p. 181
2. Haugaard W P 1981 Elizabeth Tudor's Book of
Devotions, Sixteenth Century Journal 12: 103
3. Haugaard W P 1981: 93; Neale J E 1953 Eliza-
beth I and her Parliaments, 1559-1581. Cape,
p. 365; Neale J E 1957 Elizabeth I and her Par-
liaments, 1584-1601. Cape, p. 128
4. Calendar of State Papers Foreign, 1558-59.
p. 101
S. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 Proceedings in the Par-
liaments of Elizabeth I, 1558-1581. Leicester,
pp. 379, 507
6. NealeJE1953p.37
~


7. Jones N L 1982 Faith by Statute: parliament
and the settlement of religion, 1559. Royal His-
torical Society, summarised in Jones N L 1984
Elizabeth's first year, in Haigh C A (ed.) 1984
The Reign of Elizabeth I. Macmillan
8. Neale J E 1953 pp. 51-84
9. Sandys E 1842 Sermons Ayre J (ed.). Parker
Society, p. 43; Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 216;
Calendar of State Papers Spanish, 1558-67,
pp. 636-7
10. Neale J E 1957 pp. 75, 74
11. Parker M 1853 Correspondence Bruce J, Perow-
ne T T (eds). Parker Society, p. 224
12. Haugaard W P 1968 Elizabeth and the English
Reformation. Cambridge, pp. 216-17
13. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 220
14. Calendar of State Papers Spanish, 1568-69,
pp. 50-1
15. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 51; Cardwell E 1844
Documentary Annals (2 vols). Oxford, vol. 1
p. 368
16. Neale J E 1957 p. 100; Read C 1955 Mr Secreta-
ry Cecil and Queen Elizabeth, Cape, p. 466;
MacCaffrey W T 1981 Queen Elizabeth and the
Making of Policy. Princeton, p. 125
17. Haugaard W P 1968 pp. 329-30, 327
18. NealeJE1957p.13
19. Grindal E 1843 Remains Nicholson W (ed. ).
Parker Society, p. 471; Hartley T E (ed.) 1981
p. 446
20.NealeJE1957p.71
21. The struggle provides the unifying theme of Ne-
ale J E 1953, 1957
~


~
KopoAesa H ~epKOBb
~
l'l'U.=======~Jil
22. Collinson P 1983 Godly People. Hambledon, p.
305; Parker M 1853 p. 479
23. Hill C 1971 The Economic Problems of the
Church. Panther edn, p. 17; Williams N 1967
Elizabeth,· Queen of England. Weidenfeld &
Nicolson, p. 91; Harington J 1804 Nugae Anti-
quae (2 vols), Park T (ed. ). Vernon & Hood,
vol. 2, p. 42
24. Collinson P 1982 The Religion of Protestants.
Oxford, p. 27; Stone L 1965 The Crisis of the
Aristocracy, 1558-1641. Oxford, p. 407
25. Collinson P 1982 p. 6


fDABA 3
I<OPOAEBA 11 3HATb
EmisaBeTa 6biJia oco6oii sa.n:HpHcTOii, H, KaK 6oJib-
IIIHHCTBO JIIO,l(eif TaKOfO HpaBa, ORa OTblfpbiBaJiaCb Ha
CJia6biX If CtiHTaJiaCb C ClfJibHbiMlf. 0Ha MOfJia ,l(06H-
BaTbC.H YCTYIIOK OT .n:yxoBeHCTBa If YHH:>KaTb ero, HO C
BbiCIIIeii 3HaTbiO Ha.n:o 6biJIO o6pamaTbC.H ropas.n:o oc-
MOTpHTeJibHee. KopOJieBa MOrJia ,l(aTb IIOIUetiHHY rpa-
¢y 3cceKcy, ecJIH OH y:>K OtieHb CHJibHO Ha 3TO Harrpa-
IIIHBaJIC.H, HO Be,l(b OH 6biJI ,l(eJIOM ee pyK, ee sa6aBOH,
If, HeCMOTp.H Ha Bee ero ycHJIH.H, y Hero He 6biJIO oc-
HOBbi ,l(JI.H caMOCTO.HTeJibHOii BJiaCTH. O.n:HaKo c Ha-
CJie.n:cTBeHHbiMH MarHaTaMH AHrJIHH .n:eJio o6cTO.HJIO
HHatie: lfX IIpHXO,l(lfJIOCb 3aBJieKaTb C06Jia3HHTeJibHbi-
Mlf CJIOBaMH If IIOL(KyrraTb MlfJIOCT.HMlf, IIOCKOJibKY OHlf
6biJIH ell: HY:>KHbi. Ha sTo 6biJIO .n:Be rrpHtiHHbi. Bo-
rrepBbiX, IIO CJIO:>KHBIIIeHC.H Tpa,l(Hll;lflf 3HaTb CtiHTaJiaCb
pO,l(Heif MOHapxa: IllfCbMa KOpOJieBbi K IIpH,l(BOpHbiM
HatiHI-IaJIHCb c I-Ie:>KI-Ioro <<.lloporoii Ky3en~, If apHc-
TOKpaTH.H COCTaBJI.HJia ee ecTeCTBei-II -IOe OKpy:>Kei-me.
Moi-IapxH.H
.Hptie Bcero 6JIHCTaJia, Kor.n:a OI-Ia OTpa:>Ka-
Jia BeJIHKOJieiiHe BbiCOKOTIOCTaBJiei-II -IbiX IIpH6JIH:>Kei-I -
I-IbiX, If ,l(OCTOHHCTBO KOpOJieBbi TIO,l(tiepKHBaJIOCb ,l(O-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrMt::HcKan
~
l'l~=====~J&!
CTOHHCTBOM ee 3Hanr. BTopa_q rrpw-mna 6biJia rrpo3a-
nqnee If Ba:>!mee: rr3pbr o6Jia.uaJin BJiaCTbiO, n KopoJie-
Ba 3TOH BJiaCTH 60RJiaCb ll XOTeJia ee orpam1ql1Tb.
B BocToqnoH: AnrJIHH BJiaCTb repu:ora HopcpoJIKa
Bbi3biBaJia 6JiaroroBenne. Y nero 6biJI pocKOIIIHbiH ,n;Bo-
peu: B HopH.U)Ke, r.ue on pa3BJieKaJI roCTcH: 11 cTapaJI-
CR nx rropa3HTb, a,l{MHHHCTpaTHBHbiH I~CI-ITP B Kci-I -
nunrxoJIJie n OTBeTBJienuR BO <lJp3MJIHI-IreMe, KacJI
PaH3HI-Irc, TeTcpop.ue H KacJI EH:Kpe. no MOHapiiieH
JibrOTC OH HMCJI IIOJIJ-IOe fOCIIO,l{CTBO HaL{ 414 IIOMeCTb-
RMH ll HMCJI rrpaBO Ha BepHOCTb H CJiy)!(6y BJia,l{eJib-
UCB H apen,l{aTOpOB 06be,l{HHeHHbiX 3eMCJibiibiX BJia-
,l{CHHH B HopcpoJIKe n CycpcpoJIKe, r.ue xopoume OT-
noiiieHmi rro.u,n:ep)!(HBaJIHCb 6Jiaro.uapR 6JiarmKeJiaTeJib-
HOMY ynpaBJieHHIO IIOMCCTb.HMH. fepuor IIOKpOBHTCJib-
CTBOBaJI MIIOrHM CcMbRM rpacpCTBa, ll CJiy)!(6a fonap-
,l{aM 6biJia .uanneH: Tpa.ununeH: L{JIR nux. On Bhi.UaBaJI
rraTeJ-ITbi Ha ,l{OJI)!(J-IOCTb MllpOBbiM cy,n:bRM, B 1560-X rr.
IIOJIOBHHa ll3 1-IHX 6.DIJia Ha3J-IaqeJ-Ia IIO ero peKOHCH,l{a-
Ul1il, ll rrapJiaMei-ITCKHe Bbi60pbi 6biJIH y Hero IIO,l{ I<OH-
TpOJieM; B HopcpoJIKe OJ-I J-Ia3biBaJI '-IJICI-Ion rrapJiaMei-I-
Ta B KacJI PaH:3ni-Ire, Kni-IrCJIHI-IHe, EoJII>IliOM RpMy-
Te, Hopli.l{)!(e n TeT¢op.ue, H on TaK)!(e Bbi6paJI t\BYX
npe,n:cTaBnTeJieH: rpacpcTBa B rrapJiaMeiiTe no BpeM51 ,n:o-
IIOJIHI1TeJibi-IbiX Bbi6opon B 1566 r. B BocToqJ-Im1 Anr-
JIHli EJII13aBeTa BhiHY)!(.UeJ-Ia 6biJia rrpannTb rrpn rroc-
pe.ucTBe ToMaca foBap.ua, HJIH eH: na.uo 6hiJIO ero ynnq-
TO)lCHTb, TaK BCJiliKO 6biJIO ynaCJIC,l{OBaJ-IHOe HM MOry-
m:eCTBO.
fepuor HopcpoJIK 6biJI ynnKaJien: nn y o.unoro
.upyroro M:arnaTa ne 6biJIO nMenno TaKoro CO'-IeTaHHR
orpOM:I-IOrO 6oraTCTBa, 06IIIHpHbiX ll paCIIOJIO)!(CHHbiX
pRL{OM IIOMCCTHH, CB060L{bi, rrpe.l{aHHbiX apeH,l{aTOpOB,
BJIHRHHR na Bbi6opbi n BoennoJ:i cnJibi. Ho 6biJIH n


~
KopoAesa H 3HaTb
~
l'l~==================~Jil
,ll;pynie apiiCTOKpaTbi, BJiaCTb KOTOpbiX, XOTb II He Ta-
KaJI CIIJibHaJI, He MOfJia He I1piiHIIMaTbC51 BO BHIIMa-
HIIe - rpacpbi IIepcii II3 HopTyM6epJieH,ZJ;a Ha Kpait-
HeM cesepo-socToKe, rpacpbi Y3CTMOpJieH,ZJ; II KaM6ep-
JieH,ZJ; Ha ceBepo-3arra,ZJ;e, rpacpbi ,llep6II B JlaHKarnnpe
II l.Jernnpe, rpacpbi lllpy36epii Ha ceBepe u:ei-ITpaJib-
HOH qacni, rpacpbi IIeM6pyK B YIIJITIImpe, rpacpbi
Ee.ucpop.u B KopHy3Jibce, rpacpbi ApyH,ZJ;eJI B CycceK-
ce II .upyrue rrapbi c 6oJiee JIOKaJIH30BaHHbiM BJIHHHH-
eM. IIocKOJibKY AHrJIIIH 6biJia <<cpe.uepau:IIeli rpacpcTB~
-
3TO 6biJia cpe,ZJ;epaU:IIH, yrrpaBJIHeMaJI MeCTHbiMII
MarHaTaMII, -
MeCTHaJI BJiaCTb MarHaTa MOrJia 6biTb
,l{OCTaTOqHO BeJIIIKa, qT06bi C,l{eJiaTb ero BJillHTeJibHbiM
u B u:eHTpe. ApiicToKpaTbi 6biJIH Ba)KHbiMH rrocpe,ZJ;HII-
KaMII - rrpe.ucTaBIITeJib rpacpcTBa rrpu ,ZJ;Bope u rrpe,ZJ;-
CTaBHTeJib ,l{BOpa Ha ypOBHe rpacpCTBa. C HJIMII HeJib-
351 6biJIO He cquTaTbC51.
Bo speMH u:apcTBOBaHHH EJiu3aBeTbi se.uyii(aH
pOJib MarHaTa B yrrpaBJieHllll rpacpCTBOM ITOJiyquJia
ocpuu:IIaJibHOe 3aKperrJieHIIe B 3BaHHH Jiop.ua-HaMec-
THIIKa, qTO CTaBHJIO ITO,l{ ero KOHTpOJib HeCTHYIO Mll-
JIIIU:IIIO u ,ZJ;aBaJio eMy THTYJI r JiaBbi MecTHOH a,ZJ;MIIHHC-
TpaU:IIH. C TOqKll 3peHH51 KOpOHbi, 3Ta ,l{OJI)KHOCTb Or-
paHHqHBaJia MeCTHYIO BJiaCTb B KOpOJieBCKllX llHTepe-
cax; MeCTHaJI BJiaCTb <<,ZJ;aBaJia B3aHMbi~ TO BJill5IHIIe,
KOTOpOrO KOpOHa CaMa ITO ce6e He llMCJia Ha MCCTHOC-
Tll. C TOqKII 3peHII51 3HaTH, ,l{OJI)KHOCTb HaMCCTHHKa
,ZJ;aBaJia 3BaHIIe, IOpll,li;IIqeCKII 3aKpCI1JI5IIOII(ee MCCTHOe
npeBOCXO,UCTBO H C03,UaiOII(ee rrpaBOBOH MeXaHH3M, rrpii
TIOMOlUH KOTOpOrO 3TO rrpeBOCXO,UCTBO MOfJJO OCyii(eC-
TB.7HIThC5I. B I-IeKOTOpbiX rpacpcTBax 3TO 6biJia rrorpe-
MYIIIKa, KOTOpOI1: HNJ;O 6biJl0 pa3MaXJ1BaTb rrepe,U apuc-
TOKpaTal\fH, COpeBIIOBaBUiliMMC51 B CBOeH rrpe,UaHI-IOC-
Tll KopoJieBe; B .upyrux mror.ua Bbr6opa He 6hiJIO, u


l.IT06bi OT Ha3Ha'-leHII5I JIOp,Ua-HaMeCTHHKa 6biJI TOJIK,
ny)KHO 6biJIO nasna'iaTb 'ieJioBeKa ns BJIHJITeJibHoro
CeMcifcTBa. <DaKTH'ieCKll, B HeKOTOpbiX rpacpCTBaX 3TO
3Banne 6biJIO nacJie.n:cTBeHHbiM: CT3HJIH B JianKanm-
pe H qenmpe, ToJI60Tbi B ,l{ep6mnnpe, facTnnrcbi B
JiecTeprnnpe H PaTJien.n:e, fpen B Eep.n:cpop.n:rnnpe,
foBap.n:br B Cyppee, fep6epTbi B CoMepceTe H YnJI-
Trnnpe, Epn.n:)KeCbi B fJIOCTeprnnpe. Kor.n:a B 1595 r.
BHJib5IM Epn.n:)Kec, Jiop.n: lllan.n:oc, ycJibiiiiaJI pasro-
BOpbi, 'iTO OH MO)KeT IIOTep5ITb IIOCT B fJIOCTepe, OH
B03pa3HJI, 'iTO 3TO 6y.n:eT 6eC'ieCTbeM, IIOCKOJibKY .n:an-
Ha5I ,UOJI)KHOCTb BCer.n:a IIpHHa,UJie)KaJia ero CeMbe. 3TH
Ha3Ha'ieHH5I ll orpaHH'ieHHa5I CMeH5IeMOCTb Ha MHOfllX
.n:pyrHX MeCTaX IIOKa3biBaiOT, ,UO KaKOH CTeiieHH KO-
poJieBCKa5I BJiaCTb HaXO,UHJiaCb B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT OT-
,UeJibHbiX 3HaTIIbiX pO,UOB.
KOHTpOJib 3HaTH Ha,U Bbi6opaMH TaK)Ke CBH,UeTeJib-
CTByeT 06 HX BJiaCTll Ha MeCTaX ll 3aBHCI1MOCTll OT
HllX MOHapxa. ApHCTOKpaTbi 'iaCTO pernaJIH, KTO 6y-
,UeT ns6pan, H '-IT06br yrrpaBAATb llaJiaTOii 06mnn,
Kopone na.n:o 6brJio rro.n:.n:ep)KHBaTb xopornne OTHorne-
HH5I c Jiop.n:aMH. Bo BpeMena EJinsaBeTbi Bee H3BeCT-
Hbie 'iJieHbi rrapJiaMenTa OT YHJITOHa 6biJIH KpeaTypa-
MH rpacpOB lleM6pyK, KOTOpbie KOHTpOJIHpOBaJIH TaK-
)Ke Bbr6opbi B ropo.n:ax OJI.n: C3pyM, ,l{aynTOH H Kap-
.n:ncpcp. CaMoe r JiaBnoe, lleM6pyK oprannsoBbiBa.II na-
6op Kan.n:n.n:aTOB na Bbr6opax OT rpacpcTBa YnJITIIIHp
II rrpe.n:yrrpe)K,UaJI rrpeTen.n:enTa na Bbi.UBH)Kennc B
1572r.:
«51 .n:apoBaJI CBOe corJiacne, n MOll coo6pa-
)KCHH5I TaKOBbi: 5I sapesepBHpyro sa BCCMll ,U)KeH-
TJibMCIIaMH TO, 'iTO llM IIplll.{IHaeTC5I, ll 3TO 03Ha-
qaeT, IIOCKOJibKY BpCM5I OT BpCMCHI1 rrapJial\ICHTLI


~
KopoAeBa H 3HaTb
~
lll'U..====~~
pacnycKaiOTC5.1, ':ITO OHH 6y.n;yT Bbi6paHbi, CHa':Ia-
Jia o.n;uw, noTOM .n;pyrwe, KTO H I<or.n;a no.n;o:H.n;eT, c
TOM IteJibiO, ':IT06bi OHH Ha6paJIHCb OIIbiTa B .n;e-
JiaX If COCT05.1Hlflf CBOeM CTpaHbi~.
I1pH6JIH3HTeJibHO TpeTb ':IJieHOB napJiaMCHTa OT
MCJIKHX ropO,ll;OB Bbi6HpaJiaCb 6Jiaro.n;ap5.1 BJilf5.1HlfiO Ka-
KOfO-TO MOfyiUeCTBeHHOfO BCJibMO)Klf, '!aCTO B pe3yJib-
TaTe npRMoro na)KHMa. fpacp JiecTep H3BeCTHJI ropo-
)KaH LJ:en6H B 1572 f. Ha CJiyqaif, CCJIH OUR OTBeprHyT
npe.n;JiaraeMoro HM: ':IeJioBeKa: ~Mmi<eTe 6biTb yBepe-
Hbi, ':ITO HaBCer.n;a IIOTCp5.1eTe MOIO .n;py)K6y If paCTIOJIO-
)KCHHe, If 5.1 HlfKOf,ZJ;a 60JiblliC He 6y.n;y TIOMOfaTb BaM B
BaiiiHX .n;eJiax~ 1; ropo)Kaue npHHRJIH MY.n;poe peiiie-
HHe TIOCJiaTb eMy He3aTIOJIHCHHbiM 6JiaHK ,ZJ;JI5.1 pe3yJib-
TaTOB Bbi60pOB, a OH BTIHCaJI HM5.1 CBOero KaH,ZJ;U,ZJ;aTa.
BoJiee Kpynubre ropo.n;a MorJm conpoTHBJI5.1TbC5.1, H
KOr,ZJ;a JlecTep 3anpOCHJI HC3aTIOJIHCHHbiM 6JiaHK ,ZJ;JI5.1
pe3yJibTaToB OT fJiocTepa, eMy OTKa3aJIH. Ho B oc-
HOBHOM 3HaTb CBOero ,ZJ;06HBaJiaCb. fpacp 3CCCKC KOJI-
JICKlllfOHHpOBaJI H36paHHbiX OT ropO,ll;KOB, KaK KTO-
HH6y.n;h .n;pyroif MOf KOJIJICKlllfOHHpOBaTb KapTHHbi: B
1593 r. noJIOBHHa ropo.n;KOB B Y:3Jibce Bbr6paJia B nap-
JiaMeHT Kau.n;w.n;aTOB 3cceKca.
I1o.n;aBJI5.1Tb rpacpcTBa 6biJIO Tpy.n;nee, XOTR 6oJiee
MeJIKHe MorJIH H no.n;aBJI5.1TbC5.1. Po6epT HopT Jace.n;aJI
B Ka':IeCTBe cTapiiiero pbiitapR OT KeM6pH,ll;)KIIIHpa B
1509 w 1563 rr., on npo.n;OJI)KHJI Kapbepy B 3Bamm
Jiop.n;a HopTa B 1564 r., a c 1569 no 1600 r. ou 6biJI
y)Ke JIOp,ll;OM-HaMCCTHHKOM If KOHTpOJIIipOBaJI Bbi60-
pbi: C 1584 f. BCCMU napJiaMCHTapH5.1MH OT rpacpcTBa
6biJIH ero CbUIOBb5.1 HJm JaMecnneJIH. B JiecTeprrnrpc-
KHX Bbi6opaX '-IJieHbl po.n;a faCTI1HfCOB 3aHHM:aJIH f(e-
B5.1Tb H3 .n;Ba.n:ItaTH onpe.n;eJieuubiX EJIH3aBeToi:'r MeeT H


rro~yqn~n o6a MecTa OT rpa¢cTBa B 1584, 1586 n
1597 rr.: Ha ropo.n;cKnx Bbi6opax B JiecTepe ,ll)I<Op.n;)K
oe~rpeifB .n;o6n~C.H CBOero H36paHH.H TeM, qTQ TIO.H-
BH~C.H B ~HBpee faCTHHfCOB H 3MBH~, "l!TO ero TIO,ll;-
.n;ep)KHBaeT rpa¢ XaHTHHr.n;oH. KaK TO~bKO rrpn6J1H-
)Ka~ncb Bbi60pbi, ~op.n; 06b.HB~.H~ CBOIO BO~IO. B 1584
r. rpa¢ CycceKc rrnca~ ~op.n;y Mop.n;aHTY o TOM, "l!TO
OH rro.n;.n;ep)KnBaeT ToMaca Pa.n;Kmr¢¢a B Eep.n;¢op-
.n;nmpe: ~5I c rroqTeHneM coo6rn:am 3TO Bameii cBeT-
~OCTH, "l!T06bi OH MOf TIO~yqnTb BaiiiH fO~OCa H Te
ro~oca, KOTOpbiX Bama CBeT~OCTb MO)KeT .n;o6HTbC.H~.
B 1597 r. ~op.n; l.Jap~b3 foBap.n; coo6rn:a~ c3py Bn~b­
.HMY
Mopy, "l!TO ero co6cTBeHHbiH CbiH 6y.n;eT H36n-
paTbC.H oT rpa¢cTBa Cyppeii: ~o "l!eM .H c-qe~ rro~e3-
HbiM rrocTaBnTb Bac B H3BeCTHOCTb, TaK KaK Bbi o.n;nH
M3 CaMbiX II36paHHbiX MOIIX .n;py3eH, "l!T06bi Bbi MOf~M
3TOMY crroco6cTBOBaTb n crrocrrernecTBOBaTb~ 2 .
Jiop.n;-HaMeCTHIIK MOr IICTIO~b30BaTb CBOC C0-
6CTBeHHOe B~II.HHIIe, K~.HCTbC.H B BepHOCTII KOpO~eBe
II 3MB~.HTb, qTQ OH TaK TIOCTyrraeT B IIHTepecax KOpO-
Hbi. B 1601 r. rpa¢ XapT¢op.n; rriica~ ,ll)KOHY TIIHHy,
"l!T06bi 3apyqiiTbC.H rro.n;.n;ep)KKQH CBOI1X ,li;BYX KaH,li;II-
.n;aTOB OT Yn~Trniipa:
~MHe o"tJeHb HY)KHbi He TO~bKO Bamii ro~o­
ca, HO, "l!T06bi pe3y~bTaTbi 6bWII KaK MQ)I<HO ~y-q­
rne .n;~.H Kopo~eBbi, .H TaK)Ke Kpaii:He ny)K.n;aiOcb B
BarneM co.n;eiicTBIIII II co.n;eiicTBIIII Barniix .n;py-
3eH, yqacTByiOrn:IIx B 3TIIX Bbi6opax B YII~ToHe B
c~e.n;yiOrn:IIii BTOpHIIK B .n;eHb CB. Muxan~a, "l!T0-
6bi OHII OKa3a~II BC.HqecKyiO B03MO)I<HYIO TIOMOII{b
B 3aBeprnemm 3TOro .n;e~a; yMo~.HIO Bac coo6rn:IITb
0 MOeM )Ke~aHIIII, "l!T06bi IIpiiCYTCTBOBa~II BCe,
Koro Bbi coqTeTc HY)KHbiM, II yBep.HIO Bac KaK B


~
KopoAeBa H 3HaT&
~
lll~====A)TJI!
TOM, liTO c 6Jiaro.n:apHOCTbiO rrpHHMMaiO Banm
YCMJIM.H, TaK If B MOeM 6Jiaro.n;apHOCTM BCeM, KTO
MHe XOTb KaK-HM6y.n;b B 3TOM IlOMO)KeT, M60 5I
C'liJfTaiO, liTO 3TO 6y.n;eT ITOJie3HO ,ll;JI.H BCerO rpa¢-
CTBa~3.
J1HTepCCbi C06CTBeiUibie, rpa¢CTBa If MOHapXHM
BOT liTO Hy)KHO 6biJIO o6ecrreliMTb, yrOBOpHB CTO-
pOHHHKOB TMHHa roJioconaTb 3a KaH.n:M.n:aTOB XapT¢op-
.n:a. JrlTaK, rrpe,ll;CTaBHTCJIM apHCTOKpanm 3aHHMaJIM
,ll;OJI)KHOCTH Ha MCCTaX, BJIM.HJIH Ha rrapJiaMeHTCKMe Bbi-
60pbi M 3ace.n:aJIH B IlaJiaTe Jiop.n:on; MM rrpHHa.n:Jie-
)KaJI couHaJibHbiM rrpecTM)K, 3eMeJibHbie 6oraTCTBa M
JIIO,ll;CI<MC pe3epBbi. B MHpHOe BpCM.H OHM yrrpaBJI.HJIM
rpaq)CTBaMH; I<Or.n;a npH6JIM)l<aJiaCb BOMHa, OHM C06M-
pa1IM BOMCKa; BO BpeMrr BOMHbi OHM KOMaH,ll;OBaJIM ap-
MH.HMM M ¢11oTaMH:. Kopolie, BJiaCTb rrpHHa.n:Jie)KaJia
MM. Emr3aBeTa Hy)K.n:aJiaCb B TaKI1X JIIO.lJ:.HX, liT06br
C,ll;eJiaTb CBOe rrpaBJieHMe 3¢¢eKTMBHbiM; 6e3 HMX OHa
MOrJia TOJibi<O IIpOH3HOCMTb rneBHbie, HO 6e3pe3yJib-
TaTHbie peLm, BM3fJIMBO IIOHOC5I TaHHbiM COBCT. Ho eif
HC06XO,ll;MMO 6biJIO .ll:0611TbC5I, liT06bi BJiaCTb 3HaTM 11C-
fiOJib30BaJiaCb B ee MHTepecax, M eM: na.n:o 6biJIO .n:ep-
)KaTb 3HaTb IIO.ll: KOHTpOJICM.
O.n;MH crroco6 yrrpanbr Ha BbiCIIIYIO 3HaTb y Hee
6hiJI - 3TO 6biJIO ee KOJIWieCTBO. Kor.n:a EJIM3aBeTa
B30IllJia Ha rrpeCTOJI, 6biJIO Il.H:Tb,ll;eC.HT CeMb II3pOB; KOr-
.n:a oHa yMepJia - IT.HTh.n;eca:T n.HTb. Ona .n:a)Ke ne KOM-
rrenc11ponaJia rrpeKparuenMe MY)KCKOM JII1HI111 necKOJib-
KMX pO,ll;OB If IllCCTb JII1IlleHHbiX 3BaHM5I 3a rrpe.n;aTeJib-
CTBO; OHa orrpe,l(eJieHHO He KOMITeHCHpOBaJia pOCT Ha-
CeJieHM5I If yBeJIM'Jetme KOJIMlieCTBa ITOMCCTHOfO fl:BO-
p.HHCTBa. On-wlllerme r<OpOJICBbi K BbiCillHM nnyJiaM
6biJIO Kpafi:He KOHCCpBaTMBHbiM. illeCTb TI1TYJIOB 6biJIO


~ EAHaaaeTa I AHrAHHCKaH
~
l'l~=====~JI1
B03BpameHO po.ZI;aM, KOTOpbie HX IIOTepHJHI, H 6niJIO
pa3pemeuo rrepe.ZI;aTn .ZI;Ba TIIT)'Jia no )KeHcKoii JIIIHIIII.
3a copoK tieTnipe ro.ZI;a acero .ZI;eCHTb qeJIOBeK 6niJIO
TIITYJIOBaHO BHOBh, II 3TO 6niJIII ee pO.ZI;CTI~eHHIIKII IIJIII
pO.ZI;CTBeHHIIKII y)Ke cymecTBOBaBIIliiX II3pOB: e.ZI;IIH-
CTBeHHbiM .ZI;eHCTBIITeJibHO ~HOBbiM~ qeJIOBeKOM 6niJI
BIIJihHM CeciiJI, JIOP.ll: EepJIII. EJIII3aBeTa coaepmeHHO
HaMepeHHO COKpamaJia KOJIIItieCTBO II3pOB. B 1588 -
1589 rr. EepJIII rrJiaHIIpoaaJI BJIIITh B rpyrrrry HOBbie
CIIJibi, II KOpOJieBa O.ZI;06piiJia CIIIICOK II3 II.HTII IIOBbi-
IIleHIIH II CeMII HOBbiX TIITYJIOB, COCTaBJieHHbiH Ha OC-
HOBe KOpOTKOfO rrepetiHH tieTblpHa,li;I..J;aTII Be.ZI;yll{IIX rrpe-
TeH.ZI;eHTOB - HO OHa rrepe.ZI;yMaJia, II IIpOeKT KOHtiiiJI-
CH HIItieM. B 1598 f. 3cceKC XO.ZI;aTaHCTBOBaJI 0 TIITy-
Jie .ZI;JIH caoero coi03HIIKa c3pa Po6epTa CII.ZI;HH; Kopo-
Jieaa B03pa3IIJia: ~Ho ..• tiTO MHe .ZI;eJiaTb CO BCeMII
TeMII, KTO rrpeTeH.ZI;yeT Ha TIITYJini? Bo3MO)KHO, H xo-
TeJia 6ni IIO)KaJIOBaTb 3BaHIIe eMy II eme O.ZI;HOMy-.ZI;ByM,
HO MHOfiiM - HII 3a tiTO. A OtieHb MHOriie IIX .ZI;py3n5I
Ha.ZI;oe,II;aiOT MHe, tiT06ni H 3TO c.ZI;eJiaJia~. KaKIIM 6ni
CIIJihHhiM HII 6niJIO .ZI;aBJieHIIe, EJIII3aBeTa He ycTyrra-
Jia, OHa 6niJia II IIpOTIIB IIHOCTpaHHbiX IIO)KaJIOBamiif:
oHa 6niJia B HpocTII, Kor.ZI;a C3p ToMac ApyH.ZI;eJI aep-
HYJICH B AHrJIIIIO B 1596 r. c TIITYJIOM rpa¢a CaH-
meHHoii PIIMCKOH IIMIIepiiii, II OTKa3aJiaCb ero IIpii-
3HaTb. llotieCTII .ZI;OJI)KHbi 6niJIII IICXO.ZI;IITb TOJibKO OT
CaMOH KOpOJieBni: KaK OHa CKa3aJia C3py HIIKOJiacy
KJIIIcpcpop.ZI;y, Kor.ZI;a on rroJiytiii.rr cppanuy3cKyiO ua-
rpa.ZI;y: ~Ha MOIIX co6aK Ha.ZI;eBaiOT MOII OIIIeliHIII<II!~ 4 .
EJIII3aBeTa II ee COBeTHIIKII OtieHh CTpOrO CJie.ZI;II-
JIII 3a cymecTayiOm:IIMII rr3paMII. Ona Tpe6oaaJia oT
rrpe.ZI;CTaBIITeJieli 3HaTII, tiT06bi KaKoe-TO BpeMH OHII
IIpOBO.ZI;IIJIII rrpu ,li;BOpe, f.ZI;e OHa MOrJia 6ni 3a HIIMII
CJieLJ.IITb. Ilpii6JIII3IITeJibHO .ZI;Be TpCTII II3pOD B Kai<OM-


~
KopoAesa H 3HaTb
~
lll~====~Jil
TO CMhiCJie 6biJI11 rrpH.llBOpHbiM11 11 B Ha':laJie, 11 cepe-
.l{f!I-Ie ee uapCTBOBai-11151, XOT.R, IIOXO)I(C, K 1590-M rr.
3TO COOTHOIIIeH11e yMeHblll11JIOCb - TOf.l{a EJI113aBeTa
.RBHO 06Hapy)I(11Jia CB011 HaMepeH115l; 11 B 1596 r. IIp11-
Ka3aJia 3cceKCY BepHyTb C IIOJI.l{IO)I(11Hbl MOJIO.l{biX
ap11CTOKpaTOB, KOTOpbie IIOCIIelli11JIM C H11M Ha OCB0-
60)I(.l{eH11e KaJie. EepJI11 6brJI xo.n:.Rlf11M KaTaJioroM aH-
rJI11HCKoi1 ap11CTOKpaT1111: d1 pa3Be OH He 3HaJI XOTb
O.l{HOfO ap11CTOKpaTa 11JI11 .l{)I(eHTJibMeHa 11 11X MeCTa
rrpe6biBaH115l, CB5l3eH 11 pO.l{OCJIOBHbiX?~ - II11CaJI CJiy-
ra5. B ero .n:oMe B T11o6oJI.n:3e 6biJI11 HacTeHnbre Ha.n:-
II11C11 ITO reHeaJIOf1111 11 repaJib.l{11Ke Be.n:yiU11X pO.l{OB, 11
y Hero 6biJI11 KapTbl pe311.l{eHU11H fJiaBHbiX CeMeH Ka)I(-
.l{OfO rpacpCTBa, TaK ':ITO OH BCer.n:a MOf Bbl':lfiCJif!Tb fiX
CB5l3f! 11 COI03Hf!KOB. l.JaCTH':IHO 3TOT fiHTepec 5lBJ15lJIC5l
pe3yJibTaTOM ero 11HTepeca K .n:peBHOCT.RM fi CH06.H3-
Ma, HO 3TO 6biJIO 11 IIpO.RBJieH.HeM Bbi.l{aiOIUefOC5l IIO-
JifiT11':1eCKOfO MbiiliJieHH.R.
KopoJiesa EJI113aBeTa orpaH.H':I.HBaJia ':IHCJIO 3HaT.H
11 .n:ep)I(aJia ee rro.n: cTpOr11M Ha6JIIOLJ:eHHeM. Ho oHa He
CTapaJiaCb, eCJI11 TOJibKO ee K 3TOMY He BbiHY)I(LJ:aJI.H
Jarosopbi 11 M5lTe)I(H, YHH':ITO)I(f!Tb MarHaTOB HJIH rro-
.n:opsaTb fiX MOfyiUeCTBO - 3a fiCKJIIO':IeH.HeM O':leHb
HeCIIOI<OHHOH 11 orraCHOH o6JiaCT11 Ha Kpai1:HeM cesepe,
f.l{e IIOrpaHH':IHM CJiy)I(6a 11 rapH1130HHble KOMaH.l{bl
co3.n:asaJIH 3Ha':I.HTeJibHYIO .n:orroJIH11TeJibHYIO CHJIY. B
1559 r. Cec.HJI IIpOC11JI CBOero CTaporo COI03Hf!Ka, C3pa
PaJicpa Ca.n:Jiepa: ~rrornJI.HTe MHe rnHcpposaHHoe co-
o6menue 0 TOM, ':ITO Bbl .llyMaeTe 0 CMeHe CMOTpHTe-
Jiei1: rpaH11Uhl Ha 3arra.n:e, BOCTOKe 11 B UCI-ITpe, 1160
OTCIO.l{a Ka)KCTC5l, ':ITO B .l{aHHhiH MOMeiiT 3TO O':ICI-Ib
Hy:>:KH0>> 6
.
Hy)I(Hhi 6biJIH 6oJiee Ha.n:e)I<Hhre mo.n:a, H
Ca.n:Jiep BhiCKa3aJI CBOH rrpe.n:JIO)I(CHH.R. B pe3yJibTaTe
rpacp HopTyM6epJieH.ll ITOTep.HJI BOCTO'fHYlO H cpe.l(-


HIOIO rpamU.(bi, XOT~ 3TOT ITOCT BCer.n:a npm-Ia,n:Jie:>KaJI
ero npe.n;KaM; BOCTOtiHM rpaH11Ua OTOIIIJia K CTapoMy
BO~Ke Jiop.n:y fpeiO, a IT03:>Ke K Ha.n;e:>KHOMY npOTeC-
TaHTY c 10ra rpa¢y Be.n:¢op.n:y. Cpe.n:H~~ rpaH11Ua .n:o-
CTaJiacb MeCTHOMy apary ceMeMCTBa llepc11 c3py Ll::>Ko-
HY Cl>opcTepy, ITOCKOJibKY 6biJIO ~CHO, l.JTO OH IIOCTa-
paeTC~ yKpeiii1Tb CBOIO C06CTBeHHYIO BJiaCTb B ymep6
HopTyM6epJieH.n;y. Jiop.n;a Ll:eifKpa, CMOTp11TeJI~ BOC-
TOl.JHOM rpaH11Ubi, ITOXO:>Ke, .n;ep:>KaJII1 np11 .li:BOpe, HO
Kor.n:a B 1563 r. OH yMep, ero ceMb~ noTep~Jia .n:o-
JI:>KHOCTb. fiOCJie CMepT11 llipy36ep11 HaMeCTHI1l.JeCTBO
Ha ceaepe nepeiiiJIO K CMemiiOII.(I1M .n:pyr .n:pyra Ha.n:-
e:>KHbiM qy:>KaKaM - rpa¢y PaTJieH.n:y, apx11en11cKorry
.HHry, rpa¢y CycceKcy 11, caMOMy Ha.n;e:>KHOMy 113 acex,
Ky3eHy EJI113aBeTbi, rpa¢y XaHTI1Hr.n;oHy, c 1572 r.
Ha ceaepHOM rpaH11Ue TIO.n:opbi acer.n:a cTaJIK11Ba-
JII1Cb C .lJ:I1JieMMOM. qTO JIYtJIIIe: .li:OBep11Tb .lJ:OJI:>KHOCTb
MOryiUeCTBeHHbiM MeCTHbiM JIOp.n;aM, KOTOpbie 6y.n;yT
3¢¢eKT11BHbiMI1 npaBI1TeJI~M11, 11JII1 11CITOJib30BaTb JIIO-
.n;eif, KOTOpbiX Jierqe .n;ep:>KaTb ITO.ll: KOHTpOJieM, HO KO-
TOpbiM He XBaTaeT aBTOp11TeTa Ha MeCTax? EJI113aBe-
Ta, B OTJII1l.JI1e OT ee OTUa, peiiii1TeJibHO Bbi611paJia BTO-
poif no.n:xo.n:, 11 ceaep ynpaaJI~JIC~ He MecTHbiMI1 Kpyn-
HbiMI1 MarHaTaMI1, a Ha.lJ:e:>KHbiMI1 IO:>KaHaMI1 11JII1 l.JeC-
TOJII0611BbiMI1 ceaep~HaMI1 MeHbiiiero MaCIIITa6a. B
1569 r. CMOTp11TeJieM BOCTOl.JHOM rpaH11Ubi 11 npaBI1Te-
JieM Bep11Ka 6biJI Ky3eH KopoJieBbi Jiop,n: XaH3.lJ:OH, 11
eMy noMoraJI C3p BI1Jib~M LI:pyp11 113 B3KI1HreMIIIHpa;
conepH11K CeMeMCTBa flepc11 Cl>opCTep 6biJI CMOTp11Te-
JieM cpe.n;HeM rpaH11Ubi, IIOCJIYIIIHbiM (paHfOM HI1:>Ke)
Jiop.n: CKporr 6biJI cMoTp11TeJieM 3arra.n:Hoi1: rpan11Ubi; a
CO BeT Ha ceaepe B03fJiaBJI~JIC~ CycceKCOM 11 OIIbiT-
HbiM a1..t:MI1HI1CTpaTOpoM c3poM ToMacoM faprpei1:aoM.
BepoHTHO, KopoJieaa c.n:eJiaJra MY.li:PbiM Bbi6op; Kor.n:a


~
KopoAeBa H 3HaT&
~
ill~ =:=::===:=::==:=::=~Jil
B 1569 r. BCilbiXHYJI MHTC)K, rrpaBJICHI1C ceaepa OCTa-
JIOCb HCCOKpyumMbiM 11 IIO,L{aBI1JIO BOCCTatiRe, qTQ HBI1-
JI0Cb pe3KI1M KOHTpaCTOM IIO cpaBHCHI1IO C 1536 r.,
KOf,L{a BO fJiaBe BOCCTaBllli1X CTOHJIO rrpaBI1TCJibCTBO
rrpOB11HU1111, rrocJiylllHOe ceaepHHI1HY. Ho qacTI1qHo
BOCCTaHI1C 1569 f. 6biJIO pe3yJihTaTOM IIOTepHHHbiX
MI1JIOCTCH: ,n:apOBaHI1CM ,L{QJI)KHOCTI1 MQ)KHO 6biJIO CO-
xpaHI1Tb BepHOCTb MOfYlllCCTBCHHOrO MarHaTa, C IIO-
Tepeli: ,L{QJI)KHOCTI1 11Cqe3aJia ll rrpe,n:aHHOCTb.
KopoJieay orrpe,n:eJieHHO - 11 crrpaae,n:JII1BO - Tpe-
BO)KI1JIO OTCYTCTBI1C rrpe,n:aHHOCTI1 Ha CCBepe, 11 OHa
IlbiTaJiaCb OCJia611Tb IIOTCHU11aJibHbiX rrpOTI1BHI1KOB. Ho
3aTCM CCBCpHaH 3HaTb 06Hapy)KI1Jia, qTQ K HC,L{OBOJib-
CTBY 3a ee OIIII0311U11IO peJIRfi103HOH IIOJII1TI1KC MO-
HapX1111 ,n:o6aBI1JII1Cb JII1qHbiC 0611,L{bl, 11 CB11HUOBbiH
py,n:HI1K rpa¢a HopryM6epJien,n:ciCoro 6biJI 3axaaqeH
KOpOJICBOH B pe3yJibTaTe IOpll,n:l1qecKOH IIp11,n:11pi<ll.
Kor,n:a KaTOJII1qecKaH ¢paKUI1H fi130B ,n:o611Jiacb roc-
no,n:cTaa B TiapmKe ll ycTp011Jia pe3HIO ¢paHUY3CKJIX
rrpoTecTaHTOB B Bacc11 B 1562 r., EJI113aBeTa 11crryra-
JiaCb 3a CTa611JibHOCTb B CBOCM C06CTBCHHOM KOpOJICB-
CTBe: OHa IIOCJiaJia rpyrrrry CBOCH CaMOH Ha,L{C)KHOH
IO)KHQH 3HaTI1, BKJIIOqaH qeTblpex ee C06CTBCHHbiX po-
,L{CTBCHHI1KOB, B MopKlll11p Ha OXOTy, qTQ6bi rrpe,n:yrr-
pC,llliTb KaKI1C-JII160 HaCI1JibCTBCHHbiC JJ:CHCTBI1H CO CTO-
pOHbi KaTOJII1qecKI1X ManiaTOB. K 1565 r. Map:mi CTro-
apT 6brJia yaepeHa, qTQ rpa¢hr KaM6epJreH,n:, .Uep611,
HopTyM6epJieH,n:, Illpy36ep11 11 Y3CTMOpJieH,n: MOryT
6hiTb rrp11BJieqeHbi Ha ee cTopoHy H rro,n:,n:ep)KaTb ee
rrpeTCH31111 Ha aHrJII1HCKI1H TpOH~ TaK KaK BCC OHI1 6hiJ111
rrpHaep)KeHuaMI1 ~eTapoi! peJII1riUI~ 7• Ha ,n:eJie Ma-
plm cTaHOBI1JiaCb KJiroqeaoti: qmrypoil ,n:JIH nepcrreK-
TI1B aHrJII1HCKo~i 3I-Ianr, oco6eHHO nocJie ee 6ercTaa a
AHrJII1IO a 1568 r.


KaK TOJibKO Mapllil oKa3aJiacb B AnrJIMM rro.n: apec-
TOM, OHa TYT )!(e CTaJia U:eHTpOM .UBYX rpyrrrr 3arOBOp-
IUMKOB B p.H,n:ax aHrJIMMCKOM 3HaTM. Ha ceBepe Hop-
TyM6epJieH,n:, Y3CTMOpJien.n: M JleHap.n: lle:i1:Kp 3aMbilli-
JI.HJIM OCB060.UMTb Mapmo CMJIOM, liT06bi MO)!(HO 6biJIO
ee MCI10Jib30BaTb KaK HOMMHaJibHYIO qmrypy ,UJI.H ITO-
JiyqeHM.H y EJIM3aBeTbi peJIMrM03HbiX ycryrroK. EcJIM
6bi MapM.H 6biJia rrpM3HaHa HacJie,n:HMU:e:H, 3aroBop-
IUMKM MOfJIM 6biTb yBepeHbl B 6y.n:yiUMX MMJIOCT.HX,
MJIM, eCJIM 6bi OHM rrpO.HBMJIM HeTeprreHMe, MO)!(HO 6biJIO
HM3JIO)!(MTb EJIM3aBery M c,n:eJiaTb KopoJieBOM MapMIO,
XOT.H 6bi rrpM MCITaHCKOM rro,n:,n:ep)!(Ke. IlpM ,UBOpe o6-
pa30BaJiaCb KOaJIMU:M.H BeJibMO)K, BbiCTyrraBlliMX rrpo-
TMB CecMJia: HopcpoJIK, ApyH,n:eJI M JlaMJIM, a TaK)!(e
rrpMMbiKaBlliMe K HMM BMHtieCTep M IleM6pyK, KOTO-
pbie Ha,n:e.HJIMCb BbiHY.UMTb EJIM3aBery pa3pelliMTb Hop-
cpoJIKY )!(eHMTbC.H na MapMM. l!acTM'IIHO 3TO 6biJI crro-
co6 coxpaHMTb aHrJIMMCKoe HacJie,n:cTBO, Ha,n:eB Ha Ma-
pHIO y3,n:y M c,n:eJiaB ee 6oJiee rrpMeMJieMo:H ,n:JI.H EJIM-
3aBeTbi, a qacTM'IIHO - rryTb ,n:JI.H BbiTecHeHM.H CecMJia
C ,UOJI)KHOCTM, M3MeHeHM.H BHelliHeM ITOJIMTMKM M rrpM-
o6peTeHM.H 60Jiblllero BJIM.HHM.H 3HaTM Ha pe)!(MM. fpacp
JlecTep rro.n:.n:ep)!(MBaJI Te rrJiaHbi rrpM,n:BopHOM rpyrr-
ITbi, o KOTOpbiX OH 3HaJI, Ha,n:e.Hcb, liTO, ecJIM MapM.H
6y,n:eT 6JiarOITOJIYliHO Bbi,UaHa 3a aHrJIMMCKOfO repu:o-
ra, on caM Mor 6bi rroJiytiMTb EJIM3aBeTy.
Ho 3aroBOpbi HatiaJIM pa3BaJIMBaTbC.H, Kor.n:a
BCITbiXHYJia ,n:paKa 3a HaCJie,UCTBO lle:i1:KpOB. JleHap,n:
lle:i1:Kp M HopcpOJIK OTITaJIM, KaK pa3HbiC rrpeTeH,n:eH-
Tbl, M HopcpoJIK cTaJI MCKaTb c6JIM)!(eHM.H c CecMJIOM,
KOTOpbiH, KaK COBeTHMK ITO ,n:eJiaM 06 OITeKe, MOf ITOB-
JIM.HTb Ha HCXO,U ,n:eJia. JleCTep HcnyraJIC.H, I1pMTBO-
pHJIC5I 6o.ni>HbiM, no3BaJI EJIH3aBeTy K cBoe:H rrocTeJIM
11 paccKa:JaJI c:H o 6pa'-IEbiX rrJianax. Coi03HHKH Hop-


~
KopoAeBa H 3HaTh
~
lll'U.=====~~
cpoJIKa JierJill Ha .zu-ro, a repu:or 6e:>KaJI B BocTo"tmyro
AHrJilliO, orraca5ICb rHeBa KopoJieBbi. EJill3aBeTa Bbi-
3BaJia ero o6paTI-IO KO ,UBOpy, ll ITOCJie HCICOTOphiX
KOJie6aJ-Illll OH I10,U"l!llHllJIC5I :H HaiTllCaJI CBOeMy 35ITIO
Y 3CTMOpJieH,n:y, "tJTO CCDCp5II-IC He ,UOJI:>KHbi ITO,UIUIMaTb
BoccTaHlle, mra"l!e «OH JlllllillTC5I roJIOBbi~. CecTpa
Hopq)OJIKa, rpaqmH5I Y3cTMOpJien.n:, c rrpe3pei-meM
3aMCTllJia: <<KaKOll repu;or IIC,UaJICK:Hll "l!CJIOBCK - Ha-
qaTb ,n:eJio ll He .UOBCCTH ero JW I<or-uxa>>
8. Emi3aBeTa
qyTb HC OKa3aJiaCb B CllTyau;m-I, ITO BCell BCp05ITHOC-
Tll, CMCpTCJibi-IOH: rrepeBOpOT y Hee B COBCTC, BOCCTa-
HllC foBap.ua B BocTO"l!I-Ioil: AHrJillll ll KaTOJill"l!CCKllll
M5ITC:>K Ha ceBepe, KOTopoMy clmrypa Mapllu CnoapT
rrpll,n:aBaJia Bll.UllMYIO 3aKOHHOCTb. Emr3aBeTa crracJiach
HC ITOTOMY, "liTO ee I103JIJli15I 6biJia CllJibliOt'r, a 6Jiaro-
,n:ap5I 3arro3,n:aJioi1: BepHOCTll JiecTepa ll Tpycocnr Hop-
cpoJIKa.
Ho xy.urnee 6biJIO em:e Brrepe,n:ll. Hopcpo.rrK 6bm
oTrrpaBJICH B Tay::Jp, a Apyn,n:eJr, JTaMJm II I1cM6pyK
ITOMCIUCHbl ITO.U ,UOMalliHllll apeCT, IIO rpacpbi HopTyM-
6epJICH.U ll Y3CTMOpJICH.U 6biJill na cBo6o.ue, a JIOp,n:-
rrpe3ll.UeHT CycceKc He pernaJIC5I BbicTyrrllTb npoTllB
HllX, ITOKa CCBCp HC ycrrOKOllJIC5I ll ITOI'O,Ua HC :HCITOp-
TllJiaCb. Ll:Ba CCBCpHbiX rpacpa 3Hamr, "liTO OIUI CKOM-
rrpOMCTllpOBaHbi: OHll ITJieJill 3arOBOp MHOI'llC MCC5I-
U:bl, ll llX HaMepemm 6biJill rnHpOKO H3BCCTHhi. Hop-
TyM6epJien.n: OTrrpaBllJI ITOCJiaHllC llCITaHCKOMY ITOCJIY,
C006IUa5I, qTO CMY I1pll,UCTC5I BOCCTaTh llJill llHa"l!C «ITOJI-
O:>KllTb rOJIOBY Ha ITJiaxy~: «I1Jill :>KC 5I BbiHY:>K.UCH 6y,n:y
6e)KaTb ll ITOKllHYTb I<OpOJICBCTBO, H60 5I 3HaiO, "liTO
Ee KopoJieBcKoe BeJill"l!eCTBO Tai< CllJibHO pa3rneBaHa
IIa MCH5I ll ,n:pyrllX, "liTO, HaCKOJibKO MHC H3BCCTHO, Mbl
HC CMO:>KCM Hll BbiHeCTll 3TOI'O, !Ill OTBCTllTb Ha 3T0>> 9
.
KaKOll 6bi Kypc OH Hll Bbi6paJI, BCe B OCHOBHOM 3am-I-
4. 3aK. 286


~ EAH3aseTa I AHrAHHCKaSI
~
lll~==========A>T""Jil
eeJio oT Emt3aBeTbi. CyeeeKe eMOTpeJI Ha nexo.n: e
OIITHMlf3MOM If eOBeTOBaJI .n:eiicTBOBaTb OeTOpo:>KHO, HO
EJin3aBeTa 6biJia eMepTeJibHO HerryraHa n He .n:oBepsr-
Jia HMKOMY. 0Ha rro.n:03peBaJia, 'ITO CyeeeKe, eTapbiH
rroJIMTH'IeeKnii eoi03HMK HopcpoJIKa, rrpnKphiBaJI Hop-
TyM6epJieH.n:a n YaeTMOpJieH.n:a, eeJin He xy)Ke; ona
rroTpe6oBaJia, 'IT06br on rro.n:po6nee .n:oKJiatJ:biBaJI eli o
eBOHX .n:eiieTBM.HX n 'IT06bi on rrpnKa3aJI HopTyM6ep-
Jien.n:y n YaeTMOpJien.n:y SIBMTbesr KO tJ:BOpy. Kor.n:a
CyeeeKe Bbi3BaJI YaeTMOpJien.n:a K ee6e, TOT OTBeTnJI:
~51 ne pernaiOeb rrOSIBMTbesr epe.n:n eBonx BparoB 6e3
eMJibi, tJ:OeTaTO'IHOll .ll:JISI MOeH 3all.(HTbi, a 3TO MO)KeT
ne rronpaBMTbe.H~ 10 .
EJin3aBeTa eoneprnnJia rpy6yiO ornn6Ky: ona Bbi-
ny.n:nJia rpacpoB Bbr6npaTb Me)KtJ:Y 6ereTBOM n BoeeTa-
nneM, Kor.n:a BoeeTanne Bee eme 6biJIO (Beero JIHIIIb)
peaJibHOii B03Mo:>I<HOeTbiO. Onn Bbi6paJIH BoeeTanne
lf3-3a KaTOJilfqeeKOfO 3HTY3Ha3Ma eBOlfX eTOpOHHHKOB
H n3-3a rrpe3pennsr rpacpnnn YaeTMOpJren.n:: ~KaKoii
Beqnbr:H rro3op .lJ:JISI nae n narne:H eTpanbi, 'ITO eeiiqae
B KOJ-IeqJ-IOM eqeTe Mbi BbiHY)KtJ:eHbl neKaTb HOpbi, B
KOTOphrx MO)KHO errp.HTaTbesr!~ 11 . B pe3yJibTaTe rpa-
cpbr BoeeTaJin, eKopee OT ropsr, '!eM OT rneBa: onn
o6.n:yMbiBaJin BoeeTanHe ne.n:eJISIMn, .n:a)Ke MeesruaMn,
a BbiHY)KtJ:eHbi 6biJIH naqaTb ne3arrJiannpoBaHHbie .n:eii-
eTBnsr. Ho Bee )Ke 3TO 6biJI orraenbr:H MSJ:Te)K, KOTOpbiH
Mor nerroJib30BaTb MOIUHbre JI03ynrn. BoeeTanue 6biJIO
rrpe.n:eTaBJieHO B Tpat~:UUHOHHbiX TepMHHaX KaK B03-
Myll.(eHHe eTapoii apneTOKpaTlflf IIpOTHB 3JIOHaMepeH-
HbiX eoBeTHHKOB-BbieKoqeK. l1x rrpoKJiaMaUHSI n Pn-
rrone rrpoBo3rJiarnaJia 16 noJI6p.H:
~BBH.ll:Y TOfO, q'fO pa3Hble 3JIOHaMepeHI-Ibie
Oe06bi B OKpy)Kei-Ilflf Bbieoqa:iirneii KOpOJieBbi eBO-


~
KopoAesa H JHaT:&
~
l:'l~=====~~
lfMif CKpbiTbiMJf If KOBapHblMJf CTpeMJieHIHIMJf Bbi-
,li;BMHYTbC5I BbiTeCHMJIJf B HarneM KOpOJieBCTBe MC-
TMHHYIO KaTOJIWiecKyiO Eo:>KhiO peJIMfHIO 11: TeM
CaMbiM HaHeCJIJf KOpOJieBe Bpe,n;, BHeCJIJf pa3Jia,ll;
B KOpOJieBCTBO If Tenepb, HaKOHeU, JUUYT If ,n;o6M-
BaiOTC5! YHWITO:>KeHM5! 3HaTM, Mbl co6paJIMCb BMeC-
Te, "'IT06bi JfCI10Jlb30BaTb CIIJIY ,li;Jl5! COI1pOTMBJie-
Hli5I~.
Bo33Banwe MMeJio sna"<IMTeJibHhiH ycnex B !.{ape-
Me 11: B CeBepnoM tiopKrnwpe, yt.IMTbiBa5! Bpel\m ro.n;a:
I15!Tb JfJIJf rneCTb TbiCWI M5!Te)l<I-IIfKOB CilJIOTMJIMCb BO-
Kpyr cTapbiX snaMen CB. KaT6epra 11: ll5ITM Pan Xpwc-
Ta, 11: BO MHorwx npwxo.n;ax Ew6mm 11: Knwra o6mwx
MOJIUTB 6biJIU OCKBepHeHbl U BOCCTaHOBJieHbl aJITapu.
fpacpbl IIO,li;H5IJIU TOJIHY - HO UM HY:>KHa 6biJia IIO,ll;-
,n;ep:>KKa Tai<I1:X :>Ke 3HaTHblX JIIO,n;ei:f, KaK OHU CaMu: UX
IIpOKJiaMaUII5! OT 28 H05!6p5! 6biJia pa30CJiaHa 6paTb-
.HM-I13paM, C 3a.HBJieHUeM, "'ITO OHU BOCCTaJIU OT UMeHU
~BhiCOKoro u MorymecTBennoro npunua ToMaca, rep-
uora HopcpoJII<a~, Apyn,n;eJia, lleM6pyKa u ~Mnorux
.n;pyrux, npuna,n;Jie:>Kamux K .n;peBHeil 3HaTu KopoJieB-
CTBa~; rro.n;qepKHBaJiacb TaK:>Ke neo6xo,n;uMOCTh noc-
TaBHTh BOilpOC 0 HaCJie,li;CTBe 12 . J1x BOCCTaHue 6biJIO
OTBeTCTBeHHbiM, npe,n;CTaBHTeJibHbiM, apHCTOKpaTU"'IeC-
KUM.
3TOT M5!Te:>K "'!aCTO paCCMaTpUBaJIC5! KaK IlOCJie,n;-
Hee B03Mymenue cpeo,n;aJibHOH 3HaTu, a ero Tn{eTHOCTb
U npoBaJI KaK ,li;OKa3aTeJibCTBO SaKaTa BJiaCTU cpeo,n;a-
JIOB; 3TO He TaK. flopa3HTeJibHO, ,li;O KaKOH CTeneHII
BOCCTaHUe He 6biJIO BOCCTaHHeM cpeo,n;aJIOB: ,n;eB5J.Tb ,n;e-
C5!TbiX U3BeCTHbiX M5!Te:>KHUKOB He 6biJIU apeH.n;aropa-
Mlf BO:>KaKOB ("'ITO Hey,n;HBHTeJibHO, TaK KaK BOCCTaHMe
rrpousornJio ,n;aJieKo OT uenTpaJibHhiX BJia,n;enHi:f He-
4•


~ EJI.wJaBeTa I AHrJI.IHtCKan
~
lll~======~l!
BHJia H IJepcH), H 3TO 6biJIO B ropa3,l(O 60Jihllleii eTe-
IICI-II1 HapO.l(IIOC ,l(BIDKCHHC, ~eM IIpHH.HTO e~HTaTb. l1
ueerrpaBC,l(JIHBO e~HTaTh ero HeyMCJihiM, IIOeKOJihKY
ero pyKOBO,Ll,HTCJIH eJIC,l(OBaJIH IIOeJie,l(OBaTeJibi-IOM CTpa-
Termi. fpa¢hr yCTpeMHJLHeh Ha 10r ne6oJihlliHM Ma-
HeBpeHHhiM OTpR.l(OM, ~T06hr oeno6o.aHTh MapHIO CTIO-
apT H3 TaT6epH , a IIOTOM, KOr,l(a ee rrepeBe3JIH B
nerrpnCTymrhri'r KonenTpH, OHH nepnyJIHeh Ha eenep,
~T06hi yKpCIUITh eBOH eHJihl H )l(,l(aTb HeiiaHeKOH IIO-
MOIUH. IJOXO)l(e, OHH HaMepeBaJIHeb rrpo.aep)l(aTbe5I
3HMY H rrpe.arrpHH5ITh 6oJiee MOIUHhiH, IIO,lUI;ep)l(HBae-
MhiH nenaHI.J;aMH 6poeoK Ha IOr BeeHOH, Ha,l(eJieb, KaK
MJITe)l(HHKH e eenepa Beer.aa Ha,l(e5IJIHeb, ~TO !Of 6y-
,l(eT Ha HX eTOpOHe H TQ)Ke BOeCTaHeT. Ho BOeHa~aJih­
HHKH KOpOJieBbl 6hiJIH pelliHTeJibHee H y.aa~JIHBee, ~eM
MO)l(HO 6biJIO O)l(H,l(aTb: OHH 6e3 0e060r0 Tpy.aa eo-
6paJIH BOHeKO H, HeeMOTp5I Ha 3HMy, ,l(BHHyJIHeb Ha
eenep. 15
.aeKa6p5I rpa¢hr 6e)l(aJIH B IlloTJiaH.l(HIO H,
3a HeKJIIO~eHHeM KpOBaBOfO eTOJIKHOBeHH5I B <!Jenpa-
JIC 1570 r. Me)l(.ay apMHeii Xa.aeoHa H apeH.aaTOpaMH
]leih<pa, noeeTaune 3aKOH~HJIOeh. Ho paenJiaTa 3a Hero
6hiJia eme nrrepe.an.
Kor,n:a CeenJI y3HaJI, ~To rpa¢hr 6e)l(aJIH, OH Ha-
rrneaJI: ~Ee KopoJieneKoe BeJIH~eCTBO eMorJia B 3TO
BpeMJI ,l(OJI)KHhiM o6pa30M HeiibiTaTh Bee enoe KOpO-
JieBeTBO H IIO,l(,l(aHHhiX H y6e.l(HTbe5I B HX IIOJIIIOlr rrpe-
,l(aHIIOeTH, He3annenMo OT peJIHrHH:? 13 . OH 6hiJI .aono-
Jien TCM, ~TO BOeeTaHHe He paenpoCTpaHHJIOeb Ha Bee
KOpOJieBeTBO, HO IIO~HBaTb Ha JiaBpax HC IIpHXO,l(H-
JIOeb. ITepeeeKaromHeeJI 3aronophi 1569 r. 6hiJIH Kpyn-
noi'r yrpo3oii pe)l(HMY EJIH3aBCThi, H ee;m 6hi OHH ynen-
~ramreh yerrcxoM, KapTHHa eJIH3aBCTHHeKoii AHrJIHH
6biJia 6bi eoneeM HHOH. I1 pOH30Ille,l(IIICe BOeeTaHHC
6biJIO '-IpC3Bhi~aHHO onaeHbiM, H eeJIH 6hi rrpaBHTeJib-


~
KopoAeBa 11 3HaTb
~
l'l~====~Jil
CTBO EJI113aBeTbl JJ:OTIYCTHJIO XOTb HeMHOfO MeJIKHX
onm6oK (nanp11Mep, aoapeM51 He nepeae3JII1 6bi Ma-
pmo), MOrJia 6hi np01130HTI1 KaTacTpocpa. Emr3aBeTe
Ot.:IeHb CI1Jlbll0 IIOBe3JIO - XOT51 6bi B TOM, l.:ITO, KOfJJ:a
BOCCTaHHe Hat.:IaJIOCb, JlenapJJ: .lleil:Kp 6biJI B JlOHJJ:OHe,
a BOCCTaHHe B KaM6epJieHJJ:C OTI03JJ:aJIO Ha Tp11 MeC51-
ua. OcTaJihHbie cpeoJJ:aJibi Ha ceaepe 3aH51JIH BbDKHJJ:a-
TeJibHYIO 1103111~1110. Koma rpacpbi o6paTHJII1Cb K .L.I:ap-
611, OH 3a5IBI1JI 0 CBOeH rrpeJJ:aHHOCTI1 KOpOJieBe, HO
Hl1t.:Iero 1IpOTI1B HHX 1Ip51MO He rrpeJJ:1Ip11H51JI; rpacpa
KaM6epJieHJJ:a HH[JJ:e He 6biJIO BHJJ:HO, 11 JIOPJJ:bi Mayn-
TI1rJI 11 Y opTOH 6biJII1 CTOJib )l(e He3aMeTHbi. CeaepHM
ap11CTOKpaTI151 IIJiaHHpOBaJia 113MeHy 11 110l.:ITI1 l.:ITO CO-
Bep1II11Jia ee.
Cpa)l(aBIIIHeC51 c M51Te)I(HHKaMI1 KopoJieBCKHe aoH:-
cKa, B03fJiaBJIHeMbiC IO)I(HbiMI1 JIOpJJ:aMI1, CO CBOeH CTO-
pOHbl TO)I(e 6biJII1 yrp030ll IIOJII1TI1t.:IeCKOH CTa6HJib-
HOCTI1. lO)I(Hbie aoH:cKa IIOJJ: KOMaHJJ:OBanHeM KJIHHTO-
na 11 Y Op11Ka rrpeapaTI1JII1Cb B 6aHJJ:I1TCKyiO OKKyrra-
U110HHYIO apM11IO, 11p11 3TOM COJIJJ:aTbl 3aHHMaJII1Cb rpa-
6e)I(OM, a BOeHat.:IaJibHI1KI1 Tpe6oBaJII1 OTJJ:aTb 11M KOH-
cp11CKOBaHHbie 3eMJII1 rroBcTaHuea. CycceKc rrpoTecTo-
BaJI, HO TIJJ;eTHO, 11 OH BHJJ:eJI, l.:ITO peiiiHTeJibHOe rrpo-
TI1BOJJ:eHCTBI1e MapOJJ:epCTBY 1Ipi1BCJJ:eT TOJibKO K He-
1Ip11HTHOCT51M: ~ECJII1 6bi 51 He Cl.:II1TaJI, l.:ITO CIIOKOHCT-
Blle MoeH: JJ:06po:i1: KopoJieBhi rrpeBbiiiie acero, 51 6hi He
JJ:OIIYCTHJI, l.:IT06bi OHI1 113JJ:aBaJII1 rro6eJJ:Hbie KJII1KI1 JJ:a)l(e
Ha MOeH HaB03HOH Kyt.:Ie 11JII1 110)1(11BI1JII1Cb XOT51 6bi
rroJiyrreHCOM 6e3 Moero pa3pe11IeHI151>> 14
• Orpa6Jieime
CeBepa o6oraTI1JIO IO)I(HYIO 3HaTb, a OHI1 CaMH CTaJIH
orracnee • .L.I:aopuoahie 3aroaoprn;HKH 1569 r. TO)I(e rrpeJJ:-
CTaBJI51JII1 co6o:i1: yrp03Y. HopcpOJIK OCTaBaJIC51 Bpa)I(-
JJ:e6HbiM 11 l.:ICCTOJII0611BbiM: OH IIpOJJ:OJI)I(aJI IIJICCTI1
HHTpHrH BOKpyr Map1111 CTIOapT, KaK 11 ApyHJJ:eJI 11


JlaMJHI, H KpOMe TOro, BCTynHJI B CfOBOp C q)JiopeH-
THHCKHM mnpHraHOM no HMeHH PH,n:OJibqm. HopcpoJIK
corJiacHJIC.H no,n:H.HTb noccTaHHe B AHrJIHH, ecJIH rep-
u:or AJib6a npmriJieT HcnaHCKHe noiicKa H3 HH,n:ep-
JiaH,n:on, HO nepexnaqeHHbie nHCbMa npHBeJIH K pac-
KpbiTHIO 3aronopa JieTOM 1571 r. XoT.H EJIH3aBeTa ::noro
He xOTeJia, HopcpoJIKa npHIIIJIOCb Ka3HHTb. 3aronopbi
1569-1571 rr. H BOCCTaHHe 1569 r. noKa3aJIH, qTQ
JIHIIIeHHe MarHaTOB MHJIOCTH MO)KeT npHBeCTH K He,n:O-
BOJibCTBY 11 M.HTe)Ky. 06brqHa.H TaKTHKa EJIH3aBeTbi
OTHOCHTeJibHO 3HaTH - Jiyqiiie npHMHpeHHe, qeM npo-
THBOCT05IHHe -
oKa3aJiacb ropa3,n:o 6e3onacHee: B
1580 r. CecHJI eii cKa3aJI: ~5y,n:bTe MHJIOCTHBbi K cnoeii
3HaTH 11 nepBbiM JIHU:aM B KopoJieBCTBe, qTo6bi npoq-
Hee npHB.H3aTb HX K ce6e~ ts.
06biqHO KOpOJieBa EJIH3aBeTa nOKa3biBaJia He He-
,n:OBepHe K CBOeH 3HaTH, HO CBOIO 3aBHCHMOCTb OT HHX.
Kor,n:a B 1596 r. OHa OT03BaJia MOJIO)lbiX apHCTOKpa-
TOB, I<OTOpbie OTnpaBJI5IJIHCb C 3cceKCOM B KaJie, OHa
c,n:eJiaJia 8TO He nOTOMy, qTO nO)l03peBaJia HX, HO no-
TOMY qTO OHM HY)KHbi 6biJIH eii npH .n:nope, qT06br
BbiiiOJIH5ITb CBOH )lOJir npH HCH B KaqeCTBe CBHTbi. Y
EJIH3aBeTbl 6biJIH noqTJ1 po,n:CTBeHHbie OTHOIIIeHH5I C
ee BeJibMO)KaMH. 0Ha o6ecneqJ1BaJia HX B JlOH)lOHe
,n:oMaMH H3 KopoJiencKoii co6cTBeHHOCTH: XaH3.ll:OH no-
JiyqHJI CoMepceT Xay3; lleM6pyK - 5apHap,n:3 KacTJI;
IIapTepxay3 npHHa,n:Jie)KaJI no oqepe,n:H Jiop.n:y Hop-
Ty, repu:ory Hop¢oJIKY 11 rpacpy PaTJieHLJ:y; 3cceKc
noJiyt.mJI JlapeM Xay3. Jlpy)K6a KopoJieBbi c apHCTOK-
paTHeii OTMeqaJiaCb Ka)K)lbiH ro,n: o6MeHOM HOBOro,n:-
HHMH no,n:apKaMH: KOpOJieBa noJiyqHJia 700-1200
cpyHTOB 30JIOTOM OT 3HaTH, ,n:yXOBeHCTBa H npH,n:BOp-
IIbiX, a no,n:apHJia B OTBeT 4000-5500 YHU:MH M3,n:e-
JIHH M3 noJoJioqeHHOro cepe6pa. B
.HHBape 1562 r.


~
KopoAeBa H JHaTb
~
l'l'U..====A)TJI.!
aHa o6MemrJiacb rro,napKaMn c repu:oroM HopcpoJIKOM,
13 MapKH3aMH l1 rpacpaMH, BHKOHTOM, 13 repU:OfllH.H-
Mll l1 rpacpHH.HMH, 2 BHKOHTeccaMH, 20 JIOp,naMH l1 30
Jie,nH, a TaK)Ke C errHCKOITaMH li I1pli,nBOpHbiMH. 3TO
rrpaB,na, t:ITO o6Men rrpeBpaniJIC.H H3 JIHt:IHoro rroCTyrr-
Ka B 6IOp0KpaTHt:IeCKYIO pynmy, HO CHCTeMa ITO,nt:Iep-
KHBaJia 6JIH30CTb Me)K,ny KOpOHOH l1 I13paMH.
EJin3aBeTa cTaHoBnJiacb Kpecnmif MaTepbiO .n:e-
T.HM CBOeH 3HaTH: B 1560- 1561 rr. OHa CTaJia KpeCT-
HOH ,n;eT.HM Jiop.n;oB EepKJIH, Ko6eMa, MmuarbiO, Ma-
YHT,ll;)KO.H n lllecpcpnJI,na; KpemeHne rrponcxo,n;HJIO B
KopoJieBcKoif l.JacoBHe. 0Ha BMeiiinBaJiacb B JIHt:IHYIO
)KH3Hb CBOHX ITO,n;,ll;aHHbiX, KaK 6y,n;TO 6biJia fJiaBoi:f
I13pCKOH CeMbll: I<Or,na rpacp JlHHKOJibH OTKa3aJIC5l rrpn-
3HaTb 6pat:IHbiH COI03 CBOero CbiHa, EJIH3aBeTa BMe-
IIIa.TiaCb B 1597 r. n JacTaBHJia rpacpa o6ecrret:IHTb MO-
Jio,n;yiO CeMbiO ITO,ll;XOMIUHM ,ll;OMOM. 0Ha ITOCCil{aJia
CBOHX MarHaTOB B JieTHHX pe3H,ll;eHl{ll.HX: B Kat:IeCTBe
rrpO)KHBaiOmero rocT.H EJin3aBeTa co3,n;aBaJia B03Mmrc-
HOCTH ,ll;JI.H qpe3MepHbiX I1p05IBJieHHH fOCTerrpHIIMCTBa
co CTOpOHbi X03.HeB n 6Jiaro.n;apHOCTn co cBoeH:. HHor-
.n;a, HarrpnMep, BO BpeM.H BH3HTa I< rpacpy XepTcpop.ny
B 3JIBeTeM B 1591 f.,
ee ITOCeil{eHHe MOfJIO ,ll;CMOH-
CTpHpOBaTb ITOJIHTHt:IeCKYIO pea6HJIHTal{HIO: CTapa.H
o6n,n;a 6biJia 3a6biTa, l1 JillqHbie OTHOIIIeHH.H BOCCTa-
HOBJieHbi. KopoJieBa yMeJio nHocnJia JIHt:IIIbiH oTTe-
HOK. 0Ha ,no6aBHJia CBOH C06CTBeHHbiH ITOCTCI<pnrr-
TYM K ocpnu:naJibHOMY 6Jiaro,n;apcTBeHHOMY nncbMY
rrocJie era ycrrexa Ha ceBepe B 1570 r.: <<51 He 3Haro,
,n;oporoif fappn, t:ITO MeH.H o6pa,nonaJio 6oJibiiie: TO,
t:ITO MHe ,naHa 6biJia rro6e,na, HJIH TO, t:ITO Tbl 6biJI rrpe,n-
Ha3uaqeH focrro,n;oM Ha poJib opy,n;n.H Moet"I CJiaBLI, II
3aBep.HIO Te6.H, t:ITO ,ll;Jl.H 6Jiara MOeif CTpaHbl BITOJIHe
,ll;OCTaToqHQ rrepBOfO, HO MOe C06CTBeHHOe cep,n;u:e 60Jib-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAmkKaJI
~
!ll~====~JI!
me pa,nyerc5! nropoMy~. 0Ha InicaJia Jiop,n:y Y HJIJioy-
6H, KOMaH,nyiOIUeMy BO <DpaHUHH B 1589 r.:
- «Moii:
,noporoii: IleperpHH, 5I 6Jiaro,napiO .6ora, tiTO TBon or-
Ba)KHbie ,neHCTBH5! COnpOBO)l(,ll;aiOTC5! CBOHCTBeHI-IbiM
Te6e 6JieCT5!Il{HM ycneXOM, If, KpOMe TOfO, MeH5! pa,ny-
eT, tiTO y,naqe conyrcrByer 6e3onaCHOCTb. TB05! JII0-
65IIUM noBeJIHTeJihHHUa, Eliz.R. ~ 16 •
UepeMOHHaJibHbiH pHryaJI JibCTHJI caMOMHeHHIO
3HaTH. B TOp)l(eCTBeHHbiX CJIYtiMX HX nOCbiJiaJIH 3a
rpaHHUY KaK nOCJIOB no OC06biM nopytieHH5IM, If 3Ta
tieCTb 6biJia HaCTOJibKO Ba)l(HOH, tiTO OTpa)l(aJiaCb Ha
crpaHHuax HcropHH uapcTBOBaHH5! KaM,neHa. MoH-
rarhiO (noJie3HbiH KaTOJIHK) noexaJI B I1cnaHHIO B
1560 r., CycceKc K HMneparopy B 1567, .6aKxepcr BO
ct>paHUHIO B 1571, Bycrep BO ct>paHUHIO B 1573, Hopr
On5!Tb )l(e BO Cl>paHUHIO B 1574 If T.,ll;. IJpaB,na, 3TO
6biJia ,noporOCT05!Il{a5! npHBHJiefH5!, HO ,li;OCTOHHCTBY
BeJibMO)l(lf JibCTHJIO, tiTO OH BbiCTynaJI KaK JilftiHbiH
nOCJiaHeU KOpOJieBbi. ,llOCTOHHCTBO If B CaMOM ,neJie
HrpaJio oco6y10 poJib. Kor,na cap Cl>HJIHnn CH,nHH B
cnope Ha TeHHHCHOM KOpTe OCMeJIHJIC5! B03pa3HTb rpa-
cpy 0Kccpop,ny B 1579 r., EJIH3aBera HanoMHHJia eMy
0 pa3JIHtiHH B 3BaHHH Me)l(,ny rpacpOM If p5I,li;OBbiM ,li;BO-
p5IHHHOM, 06 yBa)l(eHHH, C KOTOpbiM Hlf3lliHe ,li;OJI)l(Hbl
OTHOCHTbC5! K BbiClliHM, If 0 He06XO,li;HMOCTH ,li;JI5! MO-
Hapxa 3ail{Hil{aTb ,napoBaHHbie HM 3BaHH5!, TaK KaK
3BaHH5! 5IBJI5IIOTC5! rpaHHUeii: Ha nyrH HapyrneHH5! npa-
BHJI noBe,li;CHH5!, B03Be,neHHOH JIHUOM, noMa3aHHbiM Ha
uapCTBO~ 17 • 0cKop6JI5!Tb ,li;OCTOHHCTBO 3HaTH He HMeJI
npaBO HHKTO, ,ll;a)KC CH,li;HH, BOIIJIOil{eHI1e npH,li;BOp-
HbiX ,no6po,neTeJieii: If o6pa3CU ,li;)KeHTJibMCIIa.
EJIH3aBeTa JibCTHJia cBoeii: 3HaTH H ochmaJia apHc-
TOI<paroB MHJIOCT5IMH no .li:BYM npwmHaM: 605IJiaCb HX
Moryur.ecTBa u HY)l(.lJ:aJiaCb n HHX. Ona BOBJiei<aJia HX


~
KopoAeBa H JHaTb
~
l:'l~=====~Jii
B yrrpaBJieHMe CTpaHOH, CIIpaiiiMBaJia y HMX COBCTa,
CB.H3biBaJia MX CO CBOMMM peiiiCHM.HMM M B qpe3Bbi'l!aii:-
Hbie MOMeHTbi IIpOCMJia y HMX 3all.{MTbi. <Deo,naJibi 6biJIM
ecTeCTBeHHbiMM 3all.{MTHMKaMM KOpOJieBbi, OHa IIOCTO-
.HHHO cchrJiaJiacb Ha ~Jiop,noB CoBeTa~ M <<Jiop,noB M
rrpoqMx B CoBeTe~. Kor.na EJIM3aBeTa BrrepBbre BCTpe-
TMJiacb C COBeTHMKaMM, KOTOpbie ,l{OCTaJIMCb eii: OT Ma-
pMM, OHa MM CKa3aJia: <<Jl )l(eJiaiO, qT06bi Bbi BCe, MM-
JIOp,lLbi (oco6eHHO 3HaTHbie, Ka)l(,l{biH B CMJIY CBOero
3BaHM.H M MOryrn:eCTBa), IIOMOfaJIM MHe~. <<,llpeBHMe
pO,lLbi,
-
HaiiOMHMJia OHa MM,
-
ecTeCTBeHHO, ITO
,noJiry qecTM .l{OJI)I(Hbi 6oJibiiie 3a6oTMTbC.H o coxpaHe-
HMM Moero rocy,napcTBa M ::noii: ,nep)l(aBbi~ 18 . 0Ha oc-
TaBMJia coBeTHMKOB-MarHaToB: ApyH,neJia, KJIMHTOHa,
,llep6M, IIeM6pyKa, lllpy36epM M .no6aBMJia Ee.n¢op-
.na M HopTreMrrToHa. Ilo3)1(e OHa BBeJia Hop¢oJIKa,
CycceKca M YopMKa, a TaK)I(e XaH3.l{OHa, foBap,na,
EaKxepCTa, Ko6eMa M HopTa; ,llep6M M Illpy36epM
CMeHMJIM CBOMX OTUOB, a 3cceKC IIOJIY'l!MJI CBOe MeCTO
B 1593 f.
,llJI.H OTHOIIIeHM.H EJIM3aBeTbi K 3HaTM 6biJIO TM-
IIMqHO, 'l!TO 60Jibiiie m~pOB CTaHOBMJIOCb COBeTHMKa-
MM, qeM coBeTHMKM cTaHOBMJIMCb rr3paMM. IIpaB,na,
KOJIM'l!eCTBO MarHaTOB B CoBeTe yMeHbiiiMJIOCb B
1590-X ff., HO 6yHT 3cceKCa HaiiOMHMJI KOpOJieBe 0
TOM, KaK OHM Ba:>KHbl, M B 1601 f. 6biJIM 3aBep60BaHbi
lllpy36epM M ByCTep.
ApMCTOKpaTbi MorJIM ,naBaTb coBeTbi, ,na:>Ke ecJIM
'l!JieHaMM CoBeTa He 6biJIM. B 1558 r. KopoJieBa Bbi-
3Ba.T.Ia rpa¢oB Xa:mMHr,nmra, HopryM6epJien,na, Illpy3-
6epM, CycceKca M Y scTMOpJrerma, 'l!T06br peiiiMTb c
Taii:HbiM coBeToM, l.JTO ,neJiaTb c MapMeii CnoapT, noc-
KOJibKY, KaK Bbrpa3MJIC.H CecMJI, ~3TO ,neJio CTOJib Ba)l<-
Hoe, 'l!TO HM'l!CfO paBHOfO eMy He paCCMaTp11BaJIOCb BO


speM.H uapcTBOBamm Ee BeJmqecTBa>>
19 . DbiJUI onpe-
.n:eJieHHbie .l{eJia, KOTOpbiX HeJib3.H 6biJIO npHJIHqllbiM
o6pa30M peiiiHTb 6e3 yqacTH.H 3HaTH. O.n:HHM H3 HHX
6hr.no peiiieHHe o cMepTHoii Ka3HH repuora: Kor.n:a B
1572 r. cy.n:HJIH Hop¢oJIKa, Illpy36epH BbiCTynaJI B
KaqecTne rrpe.n:ce.n:aTeJI.H cy.n:a n3poB 11 noqTH noJIOBH-
Ha n3pOB 3aCe.l{aJia C HHM; 6biJIH BKJIIOqeHbl npaKTH-
qecKU BCe rpa<lJbr, l1 OTCYTCTBOBaJIH TOJibKO Te, KTO
6biJI HJIH CJIHIIIKOM 6oJieH, HJIH CJIHIIIKOM MOJIO.l{, HJIH
Te, KTO caM Haxo.n:HJIC.H no.n: CTpa)l(e:H. XoT.H Mapmo
CnoapT B 1586 f. cy.n:HJIH He CTOJib ny6JIJ1qHO, B KO-
MHCCHIO no 3TOMY nOBO.li:Y 6biJIH BKJIIOqeHbl JIOp.n: fiep-
JIH l1 BOCeMb rpa<lJOB, a TaK)I(e cy.l{bH l1 .l{OJI)I(HOCTHbie
JIHUa. YqacTHe 3HaTH B no.n:o6HbiX sonpocax BbiCOKOM
nOJIHTHKH BBO.l{HJIO HX B npHH.HTHe cnopHbiX peiiie-
HHM 11 npH.n:aBaJio Bee o.n:o6peHHIO KopoJieBcKoii no-
JIHTHKH apHCTOKpaTaMH.
Bo BpeM.H noJIHTHqecKHX KpH3HCOB EJIH3aBeTe
HY)I(Hbi 6biJIH MorymecTBO 11 npecTH)I( ee 3HaTH - 11
eli Tpe6oBaJIOCb o6ecneqJ1Tb HX npe.l{aHHOCTb, BOBJie-
KM HX B CBOH ,l{eMCTBH.H. BocCTaHHe 1569 f. B03fJiaB-
JI.HJiaCb Bpa)l(.l{e6HbiMH n3paMH, HO nO.l{aBJieHO 6biJIO
BepHbiMH: XaH3.li:OH 11 CycceKc co6HpaJIH soiicKa Ha
ceBepe; KJIHHTOH 11 YopHK Ha6HpaJIH CBOH apMHH B
u,eHTpaJibHbiX rpa¢cTBax, a Iie.n:¢op.n: 6hiJI nocJiaH,
qTQ6bi o6e3onaCHTb 3ana.n: OT yrp03bi HCnaHCKOfO BTOp-
)KeHH.H. B 6ypHbiti nep11o.n: nocJie BoccTaHH.H HY)I(HO
6biJIO oqeHb OCTOpO)I(HO OpraHH30BbiBaTb napJiaMeH-
TCKHe Bbr6opbi. B 1571 11 1572 rr., Kor.n:a oco6eHHO
6bura HY)I(Ha nepna.H IIaJiaTa 06IIJ;HH, CoBeT o6pa-
TH.rrc.H K apHCTOr<paTHH C npOCb60M B3.HTb nO.[{ KOH-
TpOJib Bbr6opbr OT rpa¢cTB H ropo.n:oB, qTo6br o6ecne-
'IIHb ~xopoiiiHH Bhr6op pbruape:H 11 ropo)l(aH>> 20
.
fpa-
cpa Ee.n:cpop.n:a nonpocHJIH noHa6JIIO.l{aTb 3a n3KeHreM-


~
KopoAeua H 3HaTb
~
l'l~=======A>T'"Jil
nmpoM; Ko6eM H apxHerrHcKorr IIapKep OTBe'laJIH 3a
KeHT; fonap,a - 3a CyppeH:, JiecTep - 3a EepKnmp;
nHHAOH H c3p BHJib51M lloJieT - 3a ,llopceT H lleM6-
PYK - 3a YuJITillnp. Ee,acpop,a TaK)Ke cJie,aHJI 3a 3a-
rra,aHhiMH rpacpCTBaMH, a B 1573 r. OH, ITO DCeH Bepo-
51THOCTH, ITOBJIH51JI Ha Bbi60p ITOJIOBHHbl ~IJieHOB OT
ropo,aoa B KopHyOJIJie, ,llenoHe H ,llopceTe. BJIH51HHe
3HaTH Ha Bbr6opbi H ee rrpecTH)K Ha MecTax O'!eHh
ITOMOfaJIH BJiaCTH, Ilp51MOe BJIH51IIHe KOTOpOM Ha Bbl-
6opb1 6biJIO B ,aeHCTBHTeJibHOCTH OrpaHH'leHO ropo_aa -
MH repuorcTBa JlaHKacTepcKoro.
B 1584 r. rrocJie 3aronopa TpoKMOpToHa rrpoTHB
EJIH3aBeTbi H y6HHCTBa BHJihreJibMa OpaHcKoro B HH-
,aepJiaH,aax, TaM:HbiH coneT opraHH3onaJI rrpoTecTaH-
TcKoe aoH:cKo oco6oro Ha6JIIo,aeHH51 rro,a pyKono,acT-
BOM 3HaTH. Ha6op B ~TecHyro accouHaumo~ 6biJI op-
raHH30BaH qepe3 JIOp,aOB-HaMeCTHHKOB H ,apyrHX Be-
,ayiiiHX cpeo,aaJioB: rpacp XaHTHHr,aoH cJiet~;nJI 3a :tiop-
KIIIHpOM C ITOMOlllbiO JIOp,aa )lapCH Ha IOre rpacpCTBa,
Jiop,a CKpoyrr Ha6Jiro,aaJI 3a KaM6epJieH,aoM H Y 3c-
TMOpJieH,aOM, rpacp )lep6H 3aHHMaJIC51 JlaHKalliMpOM
H llenmpoM, a Jiop,a Ko6eM oTneqaJI 3a ·KeHT. Ba)KHO,
'ITO KOr,aa ITOJIO)I<eHHe rrpH6JIH)KaJIOCb K KpUTH'!eCI<O-
MY, ConeT pa6oTaJI rro,a HH,aHBH,ayaJihHbiM BJIH51HHeM
rr3pOB, a He qepe3 ocpHUHaJibHOe yrrpaBJieHHe rocy-
,aapcTBOM. To )Ke caMOe '!aCTH'IHO OTHOCHJIOCb H K
KpH3Hcy 1588 rot~;a, ro,aa ApMa,ahr. Koprryc yt~;apHbiX
CHJI H3 1600 KaBaJiepHCTOB H 1500 ITeXOTHHUeB 6biJI
Ha6paH Herrocpe,acTBeHHO H3 apeH,aaTopoB MarHaToB,
H TPH qeTnepTH apMHH, Mo6nJIH30BaHHOH ,aJI51 3aiiiH-
Tbi EJIH3aBeTbi, cocTaBJI51JIH JlH'!Hhre rrpHBep)KCHIIbl
3HaTH. B 1599 r., Kor,aa B03HHKJia yrpo3a eiiie o,ano-
ro BTOp)KeHH51, ConeT Bhi3BaJI apHCTOKpaToB I<O ;~no­
py, 'IT06bi OHM IlpHBeJIH CTOJlbKO KOHHHIIbl, CKOJlbKO


ftl===E=A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=-=cK=aSI=== AJI
MOrJIH, ,n:JHI 3aiUHTbi KopoJieBni. Kor,n:a B Hrpe He Be3-
JIO, 3aBHCHMOCTb EJIH3aBeTni OT ee apHCTOKpaTHH cTa-
HOBHJiacn 5:1CHOM.
lJacTo rrpe,n:rroJiaraiOT, 'ITO MOHapxH5:1 TIO,n:opoB
HaMepeHHO ype3aJia BJiaCTb 3HaTH. KoHe'IHO, cymec-
TBYIOT orrpe,n:eJieHHhie ,n:oKa3aTeJinCTBa Toro, 'ITO oqm-
IJ,HaJibHO IIO,li;03peBaJIHCb MOryll{eCTBeHHbie IIOMaHHbie.
Jlop.n: BaKxepcT, 'IJieH TaifHoro coBeTa, roBopHJI rpa-
¢y Illpy36epH B 1592 r.: ~Barneif CBeTJIOCTH CJie,n:yeT
IIOMHHTb, 'ITO IIOJIHTH'!eCKOM JIHHHeM ~HOM CTpaHbi He
5:1BJI5:IeTC5:1 IIOBbiilieHHa5:1 rOTOBHOCTb yBeJIH'IHBaTb MO-
ryll{eCTBO H yBepeHHOCTb TaKHX BbiCOKOIIOCTaBJieHHbiX
oco6, KaK Bni~. 3Ta 6niJia M5:1rKa5:1 yrpo3a, rrpe,n:yrr-
pe)l(,n:eHHe MOil{HOMY MarHary, Y':~aCTBYIOIUeMy B 5:IpOC-
THOM MeCTHOM CXBaTKe, HO Haiia,li;KH Ha BJiaCTb 3HaTH
He 6biJIH ~IIOJIHTH'!eCKOM JIHHHeM ~HOM CTpaHbi~. 3a
HCKJIIO':IeHHeM HeH36e)l(H0f0 HaKa3aHH5:1 3a HaMepeH-
HOe rrpe,n:aTeJibCTBO, EJIH3aBeTa YMbiiliJieHHO JIHiliHJia
cpeo,n:aJIOB BJIH5:1TeJibHbiX IIOCTOB TOJibKO B 1559 r. Ha
ceBepe - a II03)l(e HopTyM6epJieH,n: 6biJI JIHrueH cBoe:H
,n:OJI)l(HOCTH B CB5:13H c BOMHOM EJIH3aBeTbi B rro,n:,n:ep)l(-
KY BoccTaHH5:1 IliOTJiaH,n:CKHX rrpoTecTaHTOB rrpoTHB
cppaHIJ,y3CKOM KaTOJIH':IeCKOM apMHH H IliOTJiaH,li;CKOM
KopoJieBbi-KaTOJIH'IKH. CMemeHHe HopTyM6epJieH,n:a
5:1BJI5:1eTc5:1 IIO'ITH YHHKaJihHbiM HCKJIIO'IeHHeM, a He rrpH-
MepoM TeH,n:eHIJ,HH. Ha caMoM ,n:eJie ~rroJIHTH'IecKoif
JIHHHeif ~noM: CTpaHbi~ 5:1BJI5:1JIOCb coxpaHeHHe ¢eo,n:aJin-
Hoif BJiacTH: c3p Po6epT HoHTOH (rro,n:,n:aHHbiM 3cceK-
ca) II03)l(e rrHcaJI o Em13aBeTe, 'ITO ~ocnmaTb MHJIOC-
T5:1MH H IIO,ll;,ll;ep)l(HBaTb ,n:peBHIOIO 3HaTb - 3TO 6niJia
ee eCTeCTBeHHa5:1 CKJIOHHOCTb~, H OHa ~Bcer,n:a CKJIO-
H5:1JiaCb K TOMY, '!T06bi 6JiaroBOJIHTb 3HaTH~ 21 .
~ TpaKTaT o6 H3MeHax~, KaTOJIH':IeCKHH rrporraraH-
,D;HCTCKHH Tpai<TaT 1572 r., YTBep)l(,n:aJI, KaK H rrpo-


R ====K--=o=p=o=A=e=B=a=J1=3=H=a=T=b==== 1ft
KllaMal{HH CCBCpHbiX rpacpoB, '-ITO MIIHHCTpbi EJIH3a-
BCTbl IIpOBO,UHJHI aHTHapHCTOKpaTH'-ICCKYIO IIOJlliTHKY.
«TpaKTaT~ oco6o o6BHH5IJI CecnJia B TOM, '-ITO 3TO oH
n:o6HJIC5I CMepTJI HopcpOJIKa II '-ITO OH B006Il{e BTalhie
6biJI HacTpoeH Ha rroJIHoe ymi'-ITO)Kerme 3HanL I1
<Dp3HCHC .53KOH, n anonnMHbiH cJiyra-6norpacp Bn,n:e-
JIH B HCM 3all{HTHHKa CTaTyca 3Hanr H HHTepeCOB KOH-
KpeTIIbiX ee rrpe,n:CTaBMTeJieH. KaK COBCTHHK ITO OIIeKe
on c,n:eJiaJI ce65I orreKynoM BOCbMH rrpe,n:cTaBHTeJie:i1:
3HaTH, BKJIIO'-la5I rpacpoB 0Kccpop,n:a, Cyppe5I, 3cceK-
ca H CayTreMrrTona, a TaK)l(e ,n:Byx rpacpos PaTJien-
.n:os: XOT5I OH Bbi,UaJI CBOIO ,UO'-lb 3aMy)l( 3a 0Kccpop,n:a,
HeiiOXO)l(e, '-IT06bi OH HCKaJI BblfO,Ubi OT 3THX ycJiyr -
CKOpee, OH BbiiiOJIH5IJI TO, '-ITO C'-IHTaJI Hal{HOHaJibHbiM
,UOJifOM H ,n:eJIOM, KOTOpoe MO)l(eT C,UeJiaTb ero pO,ll,
H3BeCTHbiM. OH CTapaJIC5I coxpaHHTb po,n:oBoe HMy-
IUeCTBO MOJIO,UbiX cpeo,UaJIOB H BOCIIHTbiBaTb HX B CBOeH
C06CTBeHHOH CeMbe KaK CJie,n:yiOIL{ee IIOKOJieHHC pyKo-
BO,UHTeJieH AnrJIHH. EJIH3aBeTa TO)l(e rrposo,n:HJia rro-
JIHTHKY, KOTOpa5I ,UOJI)l(Ha 6biJia COXpaHHTb 6oraTCTBO
H rrpeCTH)l( aHfJIIIHCI<OH apHCTOKpaTHH.
KopoJiesa rroMep)l(HBaJia H ,n:a)l(e cy6cH,n:Hposa-
Jia 3HaTb necKOJibKHMH crroco6aMH. Ihpbi B cBoeli
Macce IIJiaTHJIH IIOHH)l(eHHbiC HaJIOfH, H IIJiaTHTb CTOJib-
KO, CKOJibKO IIOJiaraJIOCb, CTaJIO C'-IHTaTbC5I '-IYTb Jill
He rrpH3HaKOM orraJibi. 06IUa5I oueHKa HMyiUeCTBa 3Ha-
TH ,UJI5I B3HMaHII5I HaJIOfOB yrraJia C 921 cpyi-ITa B 1534 f.
,UO 487 B 1571 H 311 B 1601; II5ITIIa.UI~aTb cpeo,n:aJIOB
IIOJIY'-IHJIH Ol{eHKY CBblllie 1000 cpynTOB B 1534 r., HO
TOJibKO J(eB5ITb B 15 71 H Ol~HH B 1601 - HCCMOTp5I Ha.
To, '-ITO mrcp;r5IUH5I B XVI n. Bbipocna B WITh pa3.
Jiopei-Ic CToyH npe.n:rroJiaracT22 , '-ITO B .ucikTBHTCJib-
nocTM Ol{CHKa UMYlUCCTBa IIJpOB B 1601 f. COCTaBJI5I-
Jia TOJibKO 38% OT Ol{CHKH 1558 r. DOJiee TOfO, rrpe,n:-


noJiaraJIOCb, 'ITO HeKOTOpbie n3pb1 He 6y11.yT nJiaTMTb
,n:a)Ke 3TH ype3aHHbie HaJIOfM, M pa3pernaJIOCb CKan-
JIMBaTb 3a,n:OJI)KeHHOCTb no ynJiaTe 3a MHoro JieT. Pac-
cJie,n:onaHMe B 161 0 r. noKa3aJio, 'ITO rpacpbi OKccpop-
,n:cKne sa,n:oJI)KaJIM ynJiaTy c 1559 r.; rpacpni XaHTMH-
r,n:OHbi ,n:OJI)KHbi 6biJIM 422 cpy1-rra, nal.mHaJI c 1581 r.;
rpacpbi Illpy36epn MMeJIM ,n:oJir 1853 cpynTa c 1585 r.;
.D:OJlr rpacpOB ,llep6M COCTaBJI5IJI 1338 cpyHTOB C 158~ f.
Bo3MO)KHO, 'ITO 3TH OTKJIOHeHMJI 6biJIH cKopee BbJ3Ba-
IIbi OIOpOKpaTM'ICCKHMM npOBOJIO'!KaMM, '!eM HaMepeH-
HbiM KOpOJieBCKMM 6JiafOBOJieHHCM, HO pe3yJibTaT 6biJI
O.D:MH - BbiCillaJI 3HaTb B KaKOH-TO CTeneHM OCB060)K-
,n:aJiaCb OT HaJIOfOB.
l136paHHbiM cpeo,n:aJiaM paspernaJIOCb HaKanmmaTb
,n:oJirM M B ,n:pyrnx cpopMax. B 1585 r. rpacp Be,n:cpop.n:
nee em;e 6biJJ ,n:OJIJ!<eH 200 cpyHTOB 3a none'!MTeJibCT-
Bo, KOTopoe OH KynnJI 3a rnecnra.n:uaTb JieT .no 3Toro;
B 1587 r. ApyH,n:eJJ 3a,n:OJI)KaJI 1800 cpyHron 3a none-
'IMTeJibCTBO, KynJieHHoe .n:na.n:uaTb JieT Ha3a,n:, a Kor.n:a
rpacp XaHTMHf.D:OH yMep B 1595 r., ero ,l(OJir 3a Heyn-
JiaTy KOpOJICRCKOM peHTbl COCTaBJI5IJI 8000 cpyHTOB.
KopoJieBCKMM ,n:OJI)KHOCTHbiM JIMUaM 6biJIO pa3peme-
HO HaKanJIMBaTb orpOMHhie ,[1;0JifM, Ol.JCBM.D:HO, OHM
)KMJIM 3a C'IeT c6opOB, KOTOpbie MMM KOHTpOJIMpOBa-
JilL MapKM3 BnH'!ecTep 3a1J.OJI)KaJI n Kouue KOHL{OB
34 TbiCJil.UI cpyHTOB nOCJie TOfO, KaK 3aHMMaJI TIOCTbl
Jiop.n:a-Ka3Ha1.Je5I 11 coneTHMKa no oneKe. ,lloJir Cyc··
CeKCa COCTaBMJ! 11000 cpyHTOB nOCJIC TOfO, I<aK OH
6biJI CMOTp:HTCJICM KOpOJICBCKHX JieCOB Ha JOfC 11 JIOp-
.D:OM-npe,n:ce.n;aTeJieM coneTa Ea cenepe, YoprrK ocTaJI-
cJI .D:OJI)KCH 7000 KaK Hal.JaJib!UiK apTHJJJJCpHH, a Jlec-
Tep BJie3 B ,ll;OJif pa3MCpOM B 3000 qJyHTOB nOCJJe p5I,n:a
I<OpoJieBCKHX ,n:OJI)KHOCTeH.. Bo3MO)KHO, ner<OTOpbre
.D:OJJfH B03HHKJIH H3-3a ll3.ZJ:Cp)KCK KOpOJICBCI<OH CJiy)K-


~
KopoAeBa H 3HaT:&
~
l'l~=======~jll
6bi, HO MHOroe 6biJIO pe3yJibTaTOM 3aMaCKHpOBaHHOfO
3aHMCTBOBaHH51 H3 KopoJieBCKHX cyH.n;yKoB. I<or.n:a
XaH.n;3oH yMep B 1593 r., ocTaJIC51 .n;oJir - peHTa 3a
HacJie.n;CTBeHHoe rroJib30BaHne 3eMJie:H rroMeCTb51 XaH-
3.lJ:OH, IIO)KaJIOBaHHOfO eMy B 1559 r.; OH He BHOCHJI
rrJiaTe)KH c 1563 r. H ne rrJiaTHJI 3a rrorre"'!HTeJibCTBO,
IIO)KaJiosannoe B 1586 r. Bo3MO)KHO, 3TH .n;oJirn 6niJIH
opy)KHeM B pyKaX KOpOJieBbi .lJ:JI51 YCMHpeHH51 II3pOB;
3HaTH IIpHXO.lJ:llJIOCb H36eraTb BbiCTYIIJieHHH IIpOTHB
KOpOJieBbi, HHaqe C HHX 6bi IIOTpe6oBaJIH .lJ:OJifll. Ho
H36paHHbie seJibMO)KH MHoroe H3BJieKaJin H3 3Toro co-
r JiarneHH51: OHH )KHJIH 3a C"'!eT EJin3aBeTHHOH Ky6nrrn-
Kll.
I\opo.TieBa IIpHHHMaJia BO BHHMaHH51 IIpHT513aH¥I51
3HaTH. Op.n:eH llo.n;B513KH rrpn EJIH3aBeTe rroJiyqaJIH
IIOtiTll llCKJIIOtiMTeJI'bi-10 II3pbi, TOr.n;a KaK IIpll feHpH-
xe VIII IIOtiTH IIOJIOBHHY KaBaJiepoB op.n:ena llo.n;B513-
KH COCTaBJI.HJill HeTHTYJIOBaHHbie .lJ:BOp51He. HeCMOTp51
na CBOIO xoporno H3BeCTHYIO 6epe)KJIHBOCTb, Emi3a-
BeTa .n:asaJia rrencnn HY)K.lJ:aiOlllHMC51 rr3paM, "'IT06bi
crracTH nx OT rro3opa rry6Jinqno:H 6e.n;HOCTH. Haxo.n;51-
mnec51 B 3aTpy.n;neHHll apHCTOKpaTHtieCKHe B.lJ:OBbi -
rpacpnnn KenT H I<nJI.n;3p, Jie.n:n Eepr H Xan3.n;on -
rroJiy"'!aJIH e)Kero.n:noe rroco6ne. Te rrpe.n:cTaBiueJIH
3HaTH, y KOTOpbiX He 6biJIO 3eMeJibHbiX IIOMCCTHH, IIpH-
JIHtieCTBYIOlllllX HX IIOJIO):KeHI1IO, MOfJill IIOMep)KHBaTb-
C51 KopoJieso:H: Jiop.n: fosap.n: 3cpcpnnreMCKH~'r H 6e33e-
MeJibHbiH Jiop.n: fenpn fosap.n: Ka)K.n:nr:H rroJiytiaJIH 200
cpyHTOB B fO.lJ:, a rpacp 0Kccpop.n; - He HMeiOII{IIH Hll
.n;ener, Hll .ll:OCTOHHCTB - y .lJ:OCTOI1JIC51 1000 cpyHTOB B
ro.n;. JlOCTOHHCTBO 3HaTH MOfJIO o6eperaTbC51 ll IIOCJie
CMepTn: HHor.n:a EJm3aBeTa orrJiaqnsaJia rroxopoHbi,
OC06eHHO CBOHX pO.lJ:CTBeHHHKOB - OHa .n;aJia .n;eHbfll
na rrorpe6eHYie MapK113bi HopTreMIITOH B 1565 r., Jie.n:n


R ===E=A=H=Ja=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=-=CK=a.H=== B
HoyJIJI3 B 1569, rpacpnmr JleHI-roKc B 1577 r., Jiop,a:a
Xan3,a:ona B 1596 (xonr, r-recrvrOTp5I na fl:OJirMe ro,a:br
cJiy)K6br XaHTHHr,a:ona na ceBepe, OHa OTKa3aJiacb 3a-
rrJianrTb 3a 1595 r.). Jlop,a: Bepmr Hnoma BMenmBaJI-
C5I, 1-IT06bi 3aCTaBI1Tb CCMbM YMCpiiii1X apHCTOKpaTOB
3aiiJiaTHTb 3a fl:OJI)KHb:•~ ITOXOpOHbi - HC/__{OCTOHHOC
3aBepwenne ne ,a:oJI)KHO 6biJIO y:nH)KaTb ,a:ocTolinyK>
)KH3I-Ib.
EIIH3aBeTa co3naTeJibHO coxpaH5IJia couMaJibHbiH
cTaTyc TMTy.TioBamwro ,n:BopRHCTBa. KaK ona 11 coo6-
nuwa cDHJIHnny Cli,a:H:YI, KOr,a:a TOT OCMCJIMJIC5I B03pa-
3I1Tb rpacpy 0Kccpop,a:y, ona naMepenaJiacb 3anurmaTb
.n:ocTOHI-ICTBO rr3poB. EJIM3aBeTa ne xoTeJia rro,a:BepraTb
I1030py rrpe,a:cTaBIITCJiei:'r 3HaTII, '-ITO l1 ITOKa3biBaCT ee
ne>KCJ1aHIIe pa3permiTb Ka3Hb Hopcpo.nKa. fepr~ora cy-
.D.IIJIH 16 .SUIBap5I 1572 r., HO Ka3HHJHI TOJibKO 2 I1IOH5I;
,D,Ba:>I<fl:bl 3aTIJiai-IllpOBai-IHYIO Ka3Hb OTMCH5IJII1 no npn-
Ka3y KOpOJICBbi, pa30'-IapOBbiB35-I TOJIIIY. f>epJIH CKa-
3aJI BaJlbCimrar--ry: ~I1nor1..{a, Korna ona roBopnT o
TOM, '-ITO naxo,a:HTC5I B onacHocTa, npnxomn K 3a-
KJ110lrem-no, '-ITO npaBOCY.LJ:HC fl:OJDKHO CBCpllii1TbC5I; a
ITOTOM OHa fOBOpHT 0 TOM, '-ITO OI-l CH I<pOBI-IbiH po-
fl:CTBCHHHK, '-ITO Oil '-ICJIOBCI< BbiCOI<O}I '-ICCTM I1 T.fl:.,
TaK mra roBopiin- 23 . Ka3Jib rqmora rro,a:opBaJia 6br
fl:OCTOHHCTBO 3HaTM I1 OCJia6HJia npc,a:cTaBJICHMC 06
nepapxHH. Ho .nocTOI-IIICTBO 3J-ra-nr 6hrJio .LJ:JI5I EJIM3a-
BCTbi He Tai< Ba>KHO, I<aiC BCJIM'-IHC MOHapXHI-I, I1 B KOH-
UC KOHUOll Hopq)OJ1K 6hlJI np:mrece:n B )KCpTBy, '-IT06bi
CM>IPiliTb lliYM B napJiaMCIITC no IJOBOfl:Y cyf(a Ha,a:
MapHeli CnoapT. H opcpom< IIcr Ha nJraxy, no EJm3a-
BeTa H CecHJI ne npo5IBJI5IJIH pemHTCJibHOCTII, '-IT06br
,n:oBotxHTb .rr,o cMepnr coo6mr-mi<oB: Apyn.a.eJI, JlaMJIH
11 ll:pyrne 6hiJIII 3aMcrnaiihi B HI-ITpHrax M 3aroBopax c
1569 r., reM ne Menee, nocJre ne,a:oJiroro nepHo,a:a npe-


~
KopoAesa H 3HaTb
~
l'(U_====~Jil
6biBaJ-IJf5! no_n CTpa)KeM 11M pa3pelll11JI11 OT,naJI11TbC5! OT
nOJIHTMKM.
ITo B03MO)KHOCTM EJIM3aBeTa MHrKo o6pa~aJiacb
c BbiCTynaBlllMMM npoTMB Hee n3paM11. ITpo¢eccop
CToyH 3aMeTMJI 24 , 'ITO KopoJieBa MaJio 'ITO ,neJiaJia,
'IT06br npece'Ib BOMHY Me)K_ny ap11CTOKpaT11'IeCKMMM
KJiaHaMH, KOTOpbie TpeBO)K11JII1 CTOJIH~y. TaKHe Ha-
pyrneH115!, KaK Bpa)K_na Me)K_ny 0Kc¢op,noM 11 np11-
,nBopHbiM C3pOM ToMacoM HuBeTTOM B 1582-1583 rr.,
npOlllJII1 6e3HaKa3aHHbiM11, KaK 6y,nTO 6bi 3HaTHbiM
JIOp,naM y6MMCTBO MOrJIO TaK )Ke COMT11 C pyK, KaK 11
113MeHa. T11TYJIOBaHHore oco6or 6oiJII1 3aKJIIO'IeHhi B
Tay3p 3a noBe,neHue, KOTopoe ,npyrux JIIo,neil npuBe-
JIO 6or Ha nJiaxy - Jiop.n feHp11 foBap,n, feHp11, rpa¢
HopTyM6epJieH,n 11 <DuJiunn, rpa¢ ApyH,neJI, CTaJI11
BoiHy)K_neHHhiM11 rocTHMH EJiu3aBeThi, XOTH ,nBa rpa-
¢a yMepJIM B 3aKJIIO'IeHI111. 3a nOH5ITHbiM 11CKJIIO'Ie-
Hl1eM npe,nBO,nHTeJIH, apHCTOKpaTbi, yqaCTBOBaBllll1e B
BOCCTaHI111 3cceKCa B 1601 r., 1136e)KaJI11 Ka3H11, KO-
TOpOM no,nBeprJiaco MeJIKM por6ernKa. CayTreMnTo-
ny, PaTJieH,ny, MayHTHrJiy 11 CaH,n3y qpe3Bhi'Iatino
noBe3JIO, 'ITO OHI1 He 6oiJII1 Ka3HeHhi, a J3e,n<±Jop,n,
CycceKc 11 KpoMBeJih 6e3ycJIOBHO 6oiJI11 6or YH11'ITO-
)I<CHhi, ecJiu 6or TaK 3axoTeJia KopoJieBa. ,l(a)Ke 3c-
ceKc nOJIY'IHJI 3a~HTY CBOeM penyTa~1111: 06BHHeH11e
3a5IB11JIO, 'ITO, 6Jiaro_nap5! CBOeMy "t!eCTOJII0611IO, OH
no,nnaJicH 6eccoBeCTHhiM mupuraM cBoero rHycnoro
coBeTr-nma feHpH Ko¢¢a, a caM no ce6e on ne 6orJI
I-Iero,nHeM - 11 ,neMCTBHTeJihHO, KaK MO)KeT 'IeJIOBeK
3HaTnoro npo11cxo)K_nerum 6oiTh nero,nHeM?
EJIH3aBeTa 3a~M~aJia 3KCKJII0311BIIOCTh ee 3HaTu.
Ee OTKa3 co3,naBaTh HOBhiX n9pOB r<poMe B03Borrne-
HHH TCX, B KOM TeKJia 6JiaropO,nHa5! KpOBb, nO-BM,n11-
MOMY, noBorrnaJia cTaTyc 3HaT11, npM,naBaH eli ,nonoJI-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKa.si
~
lll'U..======~JI!
mueJibHYIO ueHHOCTb pe.uKocnL Ee rroJIHTMKa KOH-
cepBaUMM orrpe,neJieHHO MMeJia ueJibiO IIO.UH51Tb rrpe-
CTM)I( cyrueCTBYIOIUHX II3pOB, a He orpaHWIMTb BJIM51-
HIIe BbiCIIIeii 3HaTM B AHrJIMM. 11 .ueii:cTBMTeJibHO, apMc-
ToKpaTbi IIO'lTM HM B l:J:eM He HCIIbiTbiBaJIM orpaHM'le-
HMH: COBepiiieHHO rropa3MTeJibHO, ,UO KaKOH CTerreHM
EJIM3aBeTa II03BOJI51Jia MM MrpaTb rroJIMTM'lecKMMM MYC-
KyJiaMM M COCT513aTbC51 .UPYT C ,npyroM rrary6HbiMM cpe,n-
CTBaMM M3-3a .UOJI)I(HOCTeii M BJIM51HM51. K orracHbiM
JIIO,U51M OHa OTHOCMJiaCb KaK K IIJiyTOBaTbiM MaJib'lMIII-
KaM ll MaJIOJieTHMM IIpOXBOCTaM, KaK He3aMy)I(H5151 Te-
TyiiiKa, KOTOpa51 MX )l(ypMJia, HO Ha CaMOM ,UeJie BOC-
XMIUaJiaCb MX 6e3paccy,nHbiMM rrpo,neJIKaMM. EJIM3a-
BeTa 6biJia K HMM CHMCXO,UMTeJibHa, M OHa MOrJia ce6e
3TO II03BOJIMTb: OHa 3HaJia, l:J:TO OHa MM Hy)I(Ha TaK
)l(e, KaK OHM HY)I(Hbl eli. IJOXO)I(e Ha TO, 'lTO rrepeMe-
Hbl B 3KOHOMMKe IIO,UpbiBaJIM qmHaHCOByiO He3aBMCM-
MOCTb 3HaTM M BbiHY)I(,UaJIM HX MCKaTb ,UOXO,UOB OT
,UOJI)I(HOCTM M IIOJIMTifl:J:eCKOH 6JiarOCKJIOHHOCTM, '1T0-
6bi IIO,U,Uep)I(MBaTb apMCTOKpaTM'leCKMH CTMJib )I(M3HM.
11TaK, ,UeBCTBeHHa51 TeTyiiiKa ,UaBaJia MaJib'lMKaM
KaKMe-TO ,UeHbfM Ha KapMaHHbie paCXO,Ubl - B pe-
3YJibTaTe OI-Ia MOrJia Ha,Ue51TbC51, l:J:TO OHM peryJI51pHO
6y,nyT rrocemaTb ee M BbiiiOJIH51Tb ee rropyqeJIM51.
TIPI1M£11AHI15I 11 CCbiJIKI1
1. Hasler P W (ed.) 1981 The House of Commons,
1558-1603 (3 vols). History of Parliament
Trust, vol. 1 pp. 49, 267
2. Hasler P W (ed.) 1981 vol. 1 pp. 41-2, 112
3. Hasler P W (ed.) 1981 vol. 1 p. 268
~


~
KopoAeBa H 3HaT:&
~
lll'U.====~Jil
4. Collins A (ed.) 1746 Letters and Memorials of
State ( 2 vols) vol. 2 p. 87; Hasler P W (ed.)
1981 vol. 1 p. 617
5. Peck F 1732 Desiderata Curiosa (2 vols) vol. 1
p. 52
6. Read C 1955 Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen
Elizabeth. Cape, p. 154
7. Stone L 1965 The Crisis of the Aristocracy,
1558-1641. Oxford, p. 251
8. Williams N 1961 Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke
of Norfolk. Barrie & Rackliff, p. 165
9. MacCaffrey W T 1968 The Shaping of the Eli-
zabethan Regime, Princeton, p. 333
10. MacCaffrey \V T 1968 p. 335
11. Sharpe C (ed.) 1840 Memorials of the Rebellion
of 1569. Bowyer Nichols, p. 199
12. MacCaffrey W T 1968 p. 341
13. MacCaffrey W T 1968 p. 352
14. Read C 1955 P. 463
15. Murdin W (ed.) 1759 A Collection of State Pa-
pers ... Left by William Cecil!. Bowyer, p. 340
16. Johnson P 1974 Elizabeth I: a study in power
and intellect. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 177,
332
17. Greville F 1652 The Life of the Renowned Sir
Philip Sidney, p. 79
18. Harington J 1804 Nugae Antiquae (2 vols) Park
T (ed.). Vernon & Hood, vol. 1 p. 67
19. Read C 1955 P. 411
20. Hasler P W (ed.) 1981 vol. 1 p. 252
21. Stone L 1965 p. 237; Naunton R 1641 Fragmen-
ta regalia, or observations on the late Queen
Elizabeth, her times and favorits, pp. 28, 33
22. Stone L 1965 p. 496 and n
~


R ==E=A=H=3=a=s=eT=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=ii=c=Ka=JI== B
23. Read C 1960 Lord Burghley and Queen Eliza-
beth. Cape, p. 47
24. Stone L 1965 pp. 233-7


fiiABA ~
I<OPOAEBA u COBET
THTYJIOBaHHa.H 3HaTb AHrJIHH coCTaBJI5IJia ceMbiO
EJIH3aBeTbi, H oHa 6oJiee HJIH MeHee .uep)KaJiacb c apHc-
TOKpaTaMH 3aO,UHO. 0Ha MOfJia yCTpaH5ITb HeiTOKOp-
HbiX JIOp,UOB IIpH ITOMO~H cy,n:OB H Ka3HeH, HO 3TO
6biJI qpe3BbP-IaHHbiH ITYTb, H OHa rrpH6eraJia K HeMy
KpaifHe HeOXOTHO. 0Ha MOfJia CJierKa BH,UOH3MeH5ITb
COCTaB II3pOB, IIpHHHMa.H HOBbiX Ky3eHOB B rrpHBHJie-
rHpOBaHHbiH CeMeHHbiH Kpyr, HO OHa, ITOXO)Ke, Cl.J:H-
TaJia, l.J:TO pO,UCTBeHHHKOB y Hee ,UOCTaTOl.J:HO MHOfO.
3a HCKJIIOl.J:eHHeM TaKHX ITOBepxHOCTHbiX H3MeHeHHH,
KOpOJieBa He MOfJia Bbi6HpaTb ce6e CeMbiO - HO OHa
MorJia Bbi6HpaTb ce6e .upy3e:H, CBOHX 6JIH)Ka:Hnmx co-
BeTHHKOB. O,n:HaKo Ha3Ha"LJ:eHHe "LJ:JieHoB TaifHoro co-
BeTa He 6biJIO ITOJIHOCTbiO 6ecKOHTpOJibHbiM: Ha,UO
6biJIO, l.J:T06bi OHH MOfJIH ,UaBaTb XOpOillHe COBeTbi, HO
TaK)Ke H rroJib30BaTbC5I 3Ha"LJ:HTeJibHOH BJiaCTbiO. Ko-
poJieBa MOrJia Ha6HpaTb CBOHX ,n:py3eH, HO He06XO,UH-
MO 6biJIO, l.J:T06bi OHH 6biJIH Mory~eCTBeHI-IbiMH, TaK
)Ke KaK Ha,Ue)KHbiMH, KperrKHMH, TaK )Ke KaK ,UOCTOH-
HbiMH ,UOBepH5I, 3HaiO~HMH, TaK )Ke KaK COBMeCTHMbi-
MH. CocTaB CoBeTa ,n:OJI)KeH 6biJI OTpa)KaTb pacrrpe.ue-
~


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAuiicKa.si
~
lll'U..=======A)TJI!
JieHHC BJiaCTH B 06IJJ;CCTBC, H60 COBCT IIOJIHTWICCI<H
cJia6hrx mo,ne:H 6biJI 6ecrroJie3eH. Ho HCJib35I 6biJIO
rro3BOJIHTb 3axBaTHTb CoBeT BJIU.SITCJibHbiM mo,nJIM B
I<OpOJICBCTBC, 1160 rrpaBHTCJibCTBO MOfJIO 6bi CTaTb
opy,nHCM cppaKUHH MarHaTOB, a HHTepeCbl KOpOHbl He
rrpiiHUMaJIJICb 6br BO BHH.Mamie. Hy)KHbi 6biJII1 Kpyrr-
Hbre apH.CTOI<paTbi, HO H.X Ha,no 6biJIO ypaBHOBCCl1Tb
3JICMCHTaMH. 6oJiee 3aBH.Cl1MbiMH. OT KOpOJICBbl l1JIH.
6oJiee rrpe,naHHbiMII e:H.
I1 pH.Mepno rroJIOBIIHa qJieHoB Ta:i1Horo coBeTa
EJIII3aBeTbr rrpH.Ha,nJie)KaJIH. K BbiCIIIe:H 3HaTu, HO no
Mepe Toro KaK oHa rrpo,nOJI)KaJia uapcTBOBaTb, rpyrr-
rra MarHaTOB BCe YMCHbiiiaJiaCb B KOJIH.qecTBC, II KO-
pOJICBa Bep6oBaJia Bee 6oJibiiie ,noBepeHHbiX rrpii,nBop-
HbiX. B Tai1HOM coBeTe, Ha3HaqeHHOM B HaqaJie rrpaB-
JieHHJI, 6brJio 20 qJieHoB, Ho cTopOHHHKH MapHH,
KaTOJIHKH XHT H qeHHH, BCKOpe Hcqe3JIH. ll3 OCTaB-
IIIHXCJI 18-TH 9 rrpHHa,nJie)KaJIH K 3HaTH, 6 H3 Hl1X C
CHJibHbiM BJIHJIHHeM B perHOHax. EJIH3aBeTa IIIJia Ha
KOMIIpOMHCC C CHJibHbiMH H IlbiTaJiaCb CB5I3aTb Tep-
pHTOpHaJibHbiX MarHaTOB CO CBOHM pe)KHMOM - HO
OI-Ia ypaBHOBCIIIHBaJia HX CBOHMH po,nCTBCHHHKaMH H
,nOJI)KHOCTHbiMH JIHUaMH CBOCfO ,nBOpa, a TaK)KC TCMH,
KTO BXO,nHJI B rrpaBHTeJibCTBO rrpH 3,nyap.ne VI. K
1570 r. TaHHbiX COBCTHHKOB 6biJIO 19, BKJIIoqaJI 6
MarHaTOB H 5 ,npyrHX apHCTOKpaTOB, HO IIpOIIOpUHJI
orrhiTHbiX a,nMHHl1CTpaTopoB B03pacTaJia. B 1586 r.
B CoBeTe OIIJITb 6biJIO 19 qJieHOB, BKJIIoqaJI 11 THTy-
JIOBaHHbiX apHCTOKpaT.OB - HO TOJibKO l(ep6u H
lilpy36epu 6biJIH o6menpH3Hai-U -IbiMH MarHaTaMH.
lilpy36epn 6biJI Ha3HaqeH C yqeTOM ero IIOJIO)KCHl15I
orreKyHa Mapvm CnoapT, H TOJibKO l(ep6H rrorraJI
Ty,na IIOTOMy, qTO C Hl1M HCJib35I 6biJIO He cqHTaTbCJI.
IJJITb H3 rrpe,ncTaBHTCJICH 3HaTH B 1586 f. 6biJIH JIHq-


~
KopoAeBa H CoBeT
~
l'l'U..======~JI.{
HbiMli ,n;py3b51Mll II pOACTBeHHIIKaMII KOpOJieBbi, li y
Hee Terrepb 6biJI CoBeT, COCT051IUIIM ll3 TIUaTeJibHO
rro.n;o6paHHbiX cJiy)l(aiUIIX, a He II3 Tex, KTO rrorra,n;aJI
Ty,n;a 6Jiaro.n;ap51 caoeMy MorymecTay. K 1.597 r. npo-
uecc 3aMeHbi periioHaJihHbiX MarHaToB Ha,n;e)I(HbiMII
cJiy)l(aiUIIMII rrpo,n;BIIHYJIC51 .n;aJibiiie: B CoaeTe 6hiJIO
TOJibKO 11 '!JieHOB, li XOT51 6 IIpiiHa,n;Jie)l(aJIII K 3Ha-
Tll, OHII He 6biJili TeppiiTOpiiaJibHbiMli MarHaTaMII, a
4 6biJIII KpearypaMII EJIII3aBeTbi. IIocJie,n;HIIM CoaeT
EJIII3aBeThi rrpe,n;cTaBJI51JI co6oro cJia)l(eHHYIO rpyrrrry
,n;oJI)I(HOCTHbiX JIIIU, II Ka3aJIOCb, EJIII3aBeTa peiiiii-
Jia, 'ITO 6e3 COBeTOB MarHaTOB OHa BIIOJIHe MO)I(eT
o6oMTliCb.
B pa6oTe CoaeTa rrpeo6Jia,n;aJIII Ha,ll;e)I(Hbie '!IIHOB-
HIIKII. Ta:HHbiM coaeT EJIII3aBeTbi o6bi'IHO co6IIpaJIC51
.n;Ba)l(,ll;bi B He,n;eJIIO B fpiiHBII'Ie, X3MIITOH KopTe IIJIII
BecTMIIHCTepe, TaK 'ITO peryJI51pHoe rrpiicyTCTBIIe 6hiJIO
3aMeTHOM Harpy3KOM. IlpOBliHUlla.JibHbie MarHaTbi B
OCHOBHOM OTCYTCTBOBaJIII, yrrpaBJI5151 CBOliMli periiO-
HaMII, 'ITO OCTaBJI51JIO cpaBHIITeJibHO HeMHOfO IIpiiCyT-
CTBYIOIUliX - Jiop,n;-Ka3Ha'Ie:H, Jiop,n;-KaMeprep, Jiop.n;-
a,li;MIIpaJI, ceKpeTapb, Ka3Haqe:H II yrrpaBJI51IOIUIIM xo-
35IMCTBOM, a TaK)I(e rpa¢ JiecTep. B 1.570-x rr. Ka)l(-
.n;oe 3ace,n;aHIIe rrocemaJIII B cpe,n;HeM OT ceMII .n;o .n;ec51-
TII qeJIOBeK, a MarHaTbi IIpliXO,ll;liJili TOJibKO B OC06biX
cJiy'IMX IIJIII Kor.n;a o6b51BJI51JIOCb o6513aTeJihHOe rroce-
meHIIe ,n;JI51 rrpiiH51TII51 Ba)I(HbiX peiiieHIIM. TaK 'ITO rroa-
ce,n;HeBHoe yrrpaaJiei-me ocymecTBJI51JIOCb He6oJibiiiOM
KJIIIKOM - II 3TO 6biJia KJIIIKa po,n;cTBeHHIIKOB. B Ha-
qaJie uapcTBOBaHII51 EJIII3aBeTa 3arroJIHIIJia CoaeT II
.n;aop CBOIIMII pot~:CTBeHHIIKaMII BoJie:HHaMII II foaap-
t~:aMII, li JIIOAII, 6JIII3Klle K pe)I(IIMY, rrepe)l(eHIIJiliCb
paHbiiie IIJIII rro3)1(e. 113 .n;aa.n;uaTII II51TII TaMHbiX co-
BeTHIIKOB C 1.568 ,l(O 1.582 r. BOCeMHa,n;uaTb 6biJili po-


,n:cTBemmKaMYI ,n:pyr ,n:pyra YI KopoJieBbi: JlecTep YI
YopYIK 6biJIYI 6paTb5IMYI; feHpYI CYI,n:HYI 6biJI YIX 35ITeM
YI rnypYIHOM CycceKca; BaJibCYIHraM YI Mall:JI,n:Mell: 6biJIYI
35ITb5IMYI; CecYIJI YI .63KOH 6biJIYI )KeHaTbi Ha cecTpax
KyK; a ,n:pyrYie coBeTHYIKYI )l<eHYIJIYICb Ha ,n:o"Liep5Ix ,n:pyr
,n:pyra - JlecTep Ha ,n:o"LiepYI HoyJIJI3a, HopcpoiiK
ApyH,n:eJia, lleM6pyK - HopTreMrrToHa YI Y opYIK -
.6e,n:cpop,n:a.
PaHHYIH Tall:HbiH coBeT 3JIYI3aBeTbi cocT05IJI YI3
pa3HbiX "l!JieHOB Y1 rrpe,n:cTaBJI5IJI pa3JIYI"l!Hble YIHTepe-
Cbl YI MHeHYI5I. Ho c yMeHbrneHYieM "LIYICJia cTapbiX
MarHaTOB, YICKJIIO"l!eHYieM peJIYifYI03HbiX KOHCepBaTO-
pOB, BHyTpeHHYIMYI 6paKaMYI OH rrpeBpaTYIJIC5I B y3-
KYIH YI TII.laTeJibHO OT6YipaeMbiH opraH. B rrocJie,n:HYie
fO,ll;bl l(apCTBOBaH¥15! CbiHOBb5I HaCJie,ll;OBaJIYI OT OT-
l(OB THTYJI coBeTHYIKa -
.6aKxepcT, CecYIJI, XaH3-
,n:oH YI HoyJIJI3 cMeHYIJIYI OTI.(OB, 3cceKc - OT"LIYIMa.
llpaB5III.lYIH Kpyr Bee 6oJibllle YI 6oJibllle cy)KaJIC5I -
Ba)KHbie ::lJieMeHTbl IlOJIYITYI"lleCKOll )KYI3HYI 6biJIYI He-
,ll;OCTaTO"l!HO rrpe,n:cTaBJieHbL MHorYie YI3 caMbiX MO-
rymecTBeHHbiX JIIO,n:ell: AHrJIYIYI 6biJIYI YICKJIIO"LieHbi YI3
CoBeTa, YI B03MO)KHO, YIX O)l<ecTO"LIYIJio rrpeHe6pe)Ke-
HYie. Mo)KeT 6biTb, BOCCTaHYie 3cceKCa B 1601 r.
BbiHY.ll:YIJIO EJIYI3aBeTy rrpYI3HaTb Hepa3yMHOCTb 3TYIX
orpaHYI"lleHYIH, Yl OHa HeMe,n:JieHHO BBeJia B CoBeT
rpacpoB lllpy36epYI YI BycTepa. Ho 3Ha"LIYITeJibHYIO
"LiaCTb ee rrpaBJieHYI5I, c 1572 rro 1601 r., CoBeT EJIYI-
3aBeTbi 6biJI KpYITYI"lleCKYI Y30K Yl CJia6 B CBOeM CO-
CTaBe.
llpaB5III.la5I rpyrrrra po,n:cTBeHHYIKOB pa3,n:eJI5IJia o6-
II.lYie IlOJIYITYI"l!eCKYie B033peHYI5I, "LITO orrpe,n:eJI5IJIO YIX
YIHTeprrpeTal(YIIO C06biTYill. 0HYI 6biJIYI y6e)K,n:eHHbiMYI
rrpOTeCTaHTaMYI, KOTOpbie BepYIJIYI, "LITO COI03 KaTOJIYI-
KOB, pyKOBO,ll;HMblll PHMOM, ITJiarmpOBaJI HCKOpeHe-


~
KopoAeaa 11 CoaeT
~
l'l~======~JI!
mre epecn. Ka)KLJ:Oe co6pamie BHLJ:HbiX KaTOJIHKOB
CBH):{eTeJibCTBOBaJio o naJIHqHn 3aronopa. BnJibHM
CecHJI rmcaJI B 1563 r.: d1poHCKH H peumTeJibHbie
rnarn KapLJ:HHaJia JloTapnnrcKoro, 3aMbiiiiJieHHbie na
co6paHHI1 BOHHOB AHTHXpHCTa, HBHO C03BaHHbiX ,ZJ:JIH
HCKa)KeHHH Xp11CTOBa yqeHI1H, Mbi HH B KOeM CJiyqae
He MO)KeM cqi1TaTb 11 pa3yMHO IIpHH11MaTb 3a ,n:o6pbie,
Mbi ,n:OJI)KHbi rro.n:.n:ep)K11BaTb u;apcTBO XpncTa 11 ym,rq-
TO)KHTb AHTHXp11cTa!>> 1
• ITocJie Toro, KaK EKaTepn-
Ha Me,n:11q11 BCTpeTHJiacb c repu;oroM AJib6o:H B Ea:H-
OHHe n 11CrraHCKaH apMHH AJib6bi ,n:BI1HyJiacb Ha Hn-
,n:epJiaH,n:bi D 1567 r., Ka3aJIOCb, Me)K,n:yHapo,n:HOMY
rrpOTecTaHTH3MY rpo311Jia rn6eJib n Heo6xo,n:I1Ma 6biJia
KOHcpeCCI10HaJibHaH COJII1,n:apHOCTb. B HIOJie 1568 r.
Cec11JI rrocJiaJI caoe o6o,n:peHne cppaHU:Y3CKI1M rrpo-
TecTaHTaM: ~51 YMOJIHIO BaC ycrrOKOI1Tb HX, qTo B
CJiyqae KpaHHOCTI1 OHI1 He 6y,n:yT IIOKI1HYTbi. l16o 3TO
TaKoe aceo6oeMJIIOmee ,n:eJio, qTo Hl1 o,n:Ha peJII1rHH
He MO)KeT OT,ZJ:eJIHTb ce6H OT BCeX OCTaJibHbiX. Mbi
BCe ,ZJ:OJI)KHbi MOJII1TbCH BMeCTe H TeCHO ,n:ep)KaTbCH
BMecTe>>. C3p H11KOJiac TpoKMOpTOH, o,n:11H 113 co-
BeTHI1KOB JleCTepa ITO 11HOCTpaHHbiM ,n:eJiaM, 3a,n:aJI
Ceci1JIY qepe3 .n:aa MecHu;a KJIIOqeao:H aorrpoc: ~Te­
rrepb, KOr,n:a 06I.I.J:HM 3aMbiCJIOM HBJIHeTCH YHHqTO)Ke-
HI1e BCeX HaiJ;11H, KOTOpbie IIp11LJ:ep)K11BaiOTCH ,n:pyroif
peJII1fl111 ( qTo HBJIHeTCH caMbiM oqeB11,ZJ:HbiM H Bepo-
HTHbiM), qTO CTaHeT C HaMI1, I<Or,n:a 11CIIOBe,n:yiOI.I.J:I1e C
HaMI1 O,n:Hy peJII1fi1IO 6y,n:yT IIOJIHOCTbiO YHI1qTO)KeHbi
DO <DJian,n:p1111 H C!>paHIJ;I111?~ 2 L{JIH TeX, KTO 6biJI 3Ha-
KOM C 3TI1M aHaJII130M 3afOBOpa, OTBeT 6biJI HCeH: C
KaTOJIM.'-recKo:H JIHro:H ,n:OJI)KHa cpa)KaTbCH llpoTec-
TaHTCKaH JIHra, 11 AHrJIHH LJ:OJI)KHa rroLJ:.n:ep)KaTb rrpo-
TecTaHTCKM.X IIOBCTaHIJ;eB IIpOTI1B KaTOJII1qecKI1X rrpa-
BHTeJieH.


Ho Emi3aBeTa I CMOTpeJia Ha seuui Imaqe, II
OHa B BbiCIIIeM CTerremi He XOTeJia BbiCTyrraTb B pOJilf
IIITpei1K6pexepa rrpOTHB 6paTCKOf0 rrpocpCOI03a MO-
napXOB. B 1565 r. ona 3aj!BlfJia, qTo HHKor.n:a He
ITOAAep)I(HT HHKaKOfO HeiTOBlfHOBeHlfjl MOHapxy CO
CTOpOHbl Mj!Te)I(HbiX ITOAAaHHbiX, H60 J3or HaKa)l(eT
ee, eCJilf OHa TaK ITOCTYITHT. Y KOpOJieBbl 6biJI JierH-
TlfMlfCTCKlfM B3fJlji.lJ: Ha ITOJIHTHKY, If OHa BH,neJia Me)l(-
,nyHapo,nHOe ITOJIO)I(eHHe B CBeTe OTHOIIIeHHM Me)l(,ny
MOHapxaMH: MbiCJib 06 H,neOJIOrlfqecKOM COI03e ITOA-
,naHHbiX rrpOTlfB MOHapXOB 6biJia y,napOM ITO ee OC-
HOBHbiM ITOJilfTifqecKHM rrpe,ncTaBJieHlfjiM If lfHCTHH-
KTaM. TaKHM o6pa30M, cymecTBOBaJI oqeBHAHhiM rro-
TeHuHaJI JJ:Jiji KOHq)JIHKTa Me)l(,ny rrparMaTifqHo:H EJIH-
3aBeTo:H If rrpoTeCTaHTCKOM rpyrrrrOM, BJilfj!Hlfe KOTO-
pOM B03pacTaJio Ha rrpOTjl)l(eHHH 1560-x rr. II roc-
rro,ncTBOBaJio B ee CoseTe K 1572 r. 0THOIIIeHHjl KO-
poJieBhi c ee CoseToM .n:ocTHrJIH rrpe,neJia rrocJie rro-
IThiTOK ~Be,nyrn;eM~ rrapTHlf TOJIKHYTb ee Ha HAeOJIO-
rlfqecKHM COI03 C lfH03eMHbiMlf rrpOTeCTaHTaMH: CO-
BeTHlfKlf ITOITbiTaJIHCb ITOBJilfj!Tb Ha KOpOJieBy If XO-
TeJIH rrpOBOAHTb ITOJIHTHKY, KOTOpOM OHa He rrpHHH-
MaJia. CecHJI coo6maJI aHrJIHMCKOMY rrocJiy so <DpaH-
UHH B 1567 r.: ~Ee BeJIIfqeCTBY He HpaBHTCji rrpHHU
KoH,ne II a,nMHpaJI, II CoseT ,neJiaeT see B03MO)I(HOe,
qTo6hi yTsep,n:HTh ee B 3TOM. 5I ,nyMaiO, qTo caMoe
rJiasnoe TO, qTo Ee BeJIIfqecTBO, 6y,nyqH MonapxoM,
ne peiiiaeTCjl cTaHOBHTbCjl na cTopony rro.n:.n:annax.
TeM ne Menee, BaM cJie,nyeT, ecmi rrpe.n:cTaBHTCjl cJiy-
qati, ycrrOKOMTb MX~ 3 : KOpOJieBa B03pa)l(aeT rrpOTMB
HaiiieM ITOJIMTHKM, HO Bbl AOJI)I(Hbl TaK MJIM MHaqe ee
rrpOBOAMTb!
TaMHbie COBeTHMKM 3~BJijiJIM, qTO TaKOBa MX 06ji-
3aHHOCTb -
,naBaTb KopoJieBe ,na)l(e nerrpHjiTHhie co-


~
KopoAesa H CoseT
~
lll~======A)TJI;!
BeTh!. Bo BpeM$I CKaH.l(aJia no nOBO.UY nJiaHOB 3aMy-
)KeCTBa B 1566 r. fieM6pyK CKa3aJI KOpOJieBe, l.J:TO ee
COBeTHIIHlfKH ~.l(eJiaJIII TOJibKO TO, l.J:TO 6biJIO HaHJiyq-
IIIHM .l(JI$I 6Jiara CTpaHbi, II COBeTOBaJIH eM TO, l.J:TO
6hiJIO JIY'l!IIIe Bcero .l(JI$I nee caMoif, II ecJIH oua He
Cl.J:HTaJia .l(OJI)KHbiM npiiH$ITb CO BeT, BCe )Ke lfX .l(OJifOM
6biJIO .uaTb ero~. Tol.!Ka speHII$I CeciiJia 6biJra BO MHO-
roM TaKOH )Ke:
~5J .l(eHCTBIITeJibHO npH.l(ep)KIIBaiOCb H BCer-
.l(a 6y.uy npii.uep)KIIBaTbC$I TaKOH JIIIHIIH B TeX ,l(e-
JiaX, no KOTOpbiM MOe MHeHIIe He COBna,l(aeT C
MHeHIIeM Ee BeJIII'lleCTBa: .uo Tex nop noKa MHe
6y.l(eT n03BOJieHO ,l(aBaTb COBeTbl 1 $I He 6y.uy Me-
H$ITb CBOe MHeHIIe, YTBep)K.l(~ npOTHBOnOJIO)K-
HOe, II60 TaKHM o6pa30M $I OCKOp6IIJI 6bi focno-
.l(a, KOTOpOMY $I npe)K,l(e BCero nOBHHYIOCb, HO
KaK CJiyra $I 6y.uy nOBlfHOBaTbC$I npiiKa3aHH$IM
Ee BeJIHl.J:eCTBa, II6o nepasyMno npoTHBope'l!HTb
O.l(HOMY II TOMY )Ke, npiiHIIMa$I BO BHHMaHIIe, l.J:TO
3.l(eCb OHa r JiaBHbiH IICnOJIHHTeJib BOJIII focno.ua,
II 3TO focnO.l(H$I BOJI$I BbiiiOJIH$ITb ee npHKa3bi
nocJie TOfO, KaK $I BbiiiOJIHIIJI CBOH .l(OJif B Kal.J:eC-
TBe coBeTHHKa, II B rJiy6nne Moero cep.uua $I 6y.uy
)KeJiaTb ee pacnop$I)KeHH$IM TaKoro ycneiiinoro
ocyi.UeCTBJieHM$I, KaKoe, $I yBepen, ona sa.uyMbi-
BaJia~4.
L(OJif .l(06pOCOBeCTHOf0 COBeTHIIKa 6biJI $ICeH: OH
.l(OJI)KeH .l(aBaTb l.J:eCTHbie COBeTbi He3aBHCHMO OT TOfO,
KaK Cl.J:HTaeT KOpnJieBa; II OCyi.UeCTBJI5ITb peiiieHH5I
KOpOJieBbi, l.J:TO 6bi OH HH .l(yMaJI CaM. Ho Ha .l(eJie
CecHJI II .upyrne paspeiiiaJIH ce6e 6oJihiiiyro cBo6o-
.uy .l(eHCTBHH. 0HII He npOCTO .l(aBaJIII COBeTbl, OHII


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKan:
~
l:ll~======~.9!
IIbiTaJHICb 3aCTaBMTb KOpOJieBy CJIC,lJ;QBaTb HM, OHM
He rrpOCTO IIOBMHOBaJIMCb IIpHI<a3aM, B03MQ)IOIO,
BTallHC OHM IIpOBOnMJIM IIpOTMBOIIOJIO~HYID IIOJIM-
TMKy.
0co6eHHO Bbironnoe MCCTO nJI5I TOfO, tiT06bi OKa-
3biBaTb BJIM5IHMe Ha KOpOJieBy, 3aHMMaJI CeKpeTapb,
IIOCKOJibKY 01-1 MOf KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb rrpoxo~neHMe K
neil HHcpopMaUMM. B 1568 r. ceKpeTapb CecMJI 6brJI
B36eiiieH, Korna noKJian rroiiieJI rrp5IMO K KopoJieBe:
01-1 CtiMTaJI, tiTO 01-1 5IBJI5IeTC5I IIOCpenHMKOM nJI5I OcpH-
UMaJibHOil KOppecrroHneHUMM, H, 6e3yCJIOBHO, OII ee
B OCHOBHOM If IIOJiyqaJI. B MIDHe 1568 f. <l>p3HCMC
HoyJIJI3 narrMcaJI CecMJIY TpHnanuaToe rrMCbMO, rroc-
Jiannoe c Tex rrop, KaK 01-1 cTaJI CTpa~eM MapHH
CTIDapT B 3aMKe DOJITOH; nBa IIOIIIJIM K KOpOJieBe,
onno BCeMy CoBeTy, a nec5ITb JIMtiHO CecMJIY. TaK
CCKpeTapb MOf BJIM5ITb Ha KOpOJieBy, OT6Hpa5I MH-
cpopMaUMID, a TaK~e TeM, KaK on ee rrpencTaBJI5IJI. B
1592 r. Po6epT DMJI narrMcaJI TpaKTaT o TOM, KaK
no6MTbC5I ycrrexa na rrocTy rocynapcTBennoro ceKpe-
Tap5I, OCHOBaHHbiil Ha ne5ITeJibHOCTM C3pa <l>p3HCMCa
BaJibCMHraMa, M BJIM5IHMe na KopoJieBy CtiMTaJIOCb
OtieHb Ba~noil cToponoil. CeKpeTapiD cJienoBaJio y3-
HaTb, B KaKOM HaCTpOeHMH KOpOJieBa, rrpe~ne tieM
MnTM na BCTpeqy c neil; on ne noJI~eH 6brJI rronnM-
MaTb Ba~HbiX BOIIpOCOB, eCJIM OHa 6biJia cepnHTa; 01-1
noJI~eH 6biJI BeCTM HerrpHHy~neHHYID 6eceny, tiT0-
6bi OTBJietib ee, Korna ona rronrrMCbiBaJia ocpHUMaJib-
Hbre noKyMeHThr; M on noJI~en 6brJI rronnep)KMBaTb
XOpOIIIMe OTHOIIICHM5I C ee cpaBOpHTaMM BO BpeM5I 3a-
cenaHMil. B 1597 r. cppanuy3CKMil rrocoJI na6JIIDnaJI
TaKMe MaHMIIYJI5IUMM B neiiCTBMM, OC06eHHO Korna
peCJb uiJia o nenbrax: ~rro cBoeil naType ona otieHb
cKyrra, M Korna Heo6xonMMbi KaKMe-To pacxonbr, ee


~
KopoAesa H CoseT
~
l'~====A>T'"Jil
COBeTHlfKlf BbiHY:>KtJ:eHbl OTBJieKaTb ee, rrpe:>KtJ;e LJ:eM
rrocTerremw BBecTrr B Kypc tJ;eJia>?. KoueLJ:HO, Koe-
KaKrre y JIOBI<rr EJirr3aBeTa pa3ratJ;hiBaJia: ~5! tJ:yMaiO,
'ITO OHlf IIOCTyrralOT CO MHOH KaK Bpa':llf, KOTOpbie,
,n:aBa.H JieKapcTBO, c,n:a6prrBaiOT era rrprr.HTHbiM BKy-
coM If apoMaTOM, a KOr,n:a rrperro,n:HOC.HT IIlfJIIOJIIO, CTa-
paiOTC.H ee II030JIOTI1Tb>?S.
Ha caMOM ,n:eJie MaHrrrryJI.H:U:lflf 3axo,n:rrJirr ropa3,n:o
,n:aJibiiie rro,n:cJiameurr.H rroJirrTrrLJ:ecKoii rrrrJIIOJirr. CecrrJI
Brr,n:orr3MeH.HJI rrucpopMa:u:rrro, LJ:T06bi rro.u.n;ep:>KaTb rrpe.n:-
JiaraeMbiH Kypc ,n:eii:CTBlfll, a 3aTeM OH OKa3biBaJI Ha
EJirr3aBeTy ,n:aBJieurre, LJ:T06bi 3aCTaBrrTh ee CJie,n:oBaTb
eMy. B 1559 r. OH rrprrJiaraJI orpoMHbie ycrrJirr.H, LJ:T0-
6bi BbiHY.ll:lfTb ee BMeiiiaTbC.H B IIIOTJiaH,n:CKlfe ,n:eJia B
rro.u,n;ep:>KKY rrpoTeCTaHTCKlfX IIOBCTaHI(eB. 0H COCTa-
BlfJI CBOIO CJiy:>Ke6HyiO 3aiilfCKY TaK, ':IT06bi rrpeo,n:o-
JieTb He:>KeJiaurre EJirr3aBeTbi rroMoraTb rro,n:,n:aHHbiM B
lfX BbiCTYIIJieHlflf IIpOTlfB MOHapxa, 3a.HBI1B, 'ITO eii:
rrprrua,n:Jie:>KaT BepxoBHhie rrpaBa B llloTJiaH,n:rrrr. 3a-
TeM OH 3aBep6oBaJI aHrJilfllCKlfX IIOCJIOB 3a py6e:>KOM,
LJ:T06hi ourr ,n:oBeJirr .n:o cBe,n:eHrr.H KopoJieBbi ueo6xo.n:rr-
MOCTh BMeiiiaTbC.H If B COOTBeTCTBlflf C 3TlfM o6pa60Ta-
Jilf CBOlf OT':IeTbl. Ho KOr,n:a 3TO rrpe,n:JIO:>KeHrre 6biJIO
ocprr:u:rraJibHO rrpe,n:cTaBJieHo rrepe.n: KopoJieBoii ua Co-
BeTe, oua era OTBeprJia - Tor.n:a CecrrJI rrprrrpo3rrJI
OTCTaBKOH, If OHa ycTyiilfJia. 3Ta TaKTlfKa CeKpeTap.H
IIOBTOprrJiaCb B 1560 r., KOr,n:a eMy y,n:aJIOCb OCTaHO-
BlfTb EJirr3aBeTy OT 6paKa c Po6epTOM LJ:a,n:Jirr. Pac-
rrycTrrB cJiyxrr, ':ITO EJirr3aBeTa rr LJ:a,n:Jirr 3aMhiCJilfJilf
OTpaBlfTb 3Mlf ,l{a,n:Jilf, OH ,n:o6rrJIC.H TOfO, 'ITO KOr,n:a
3 Mlf ,n:eHCTBlfTeJibHO yMepJia (BepO.HTHO, OT paKa),
KopoJieBa rr 11op.n: Po6epT ue prrcKHYJilf no.n.TBep,n:rrTh
cBmo BrrHy 6pai<OM - rr CecrrJI rrcrroJih30BaJI rrcrran-
CKoro rrocJia, LJ:T06bi rrpe.n:yrrpe,n:rrTh Emi3aBeTy, ':ITO


OH yi1:,UeT B OTCTaBKY, eCJUI ORa Bbi}I,UeT 3aMy:>K 3a
.ll a.n: mL
I1CIIOJib30BaHMe anrJIMHCKMX IIOCJIOB 3a py6e:>KOM
6biJIO mo6MMbiM crroco6oM MammyJI.HUHH CecM.IIa. B
1562 r. ~rrepe.n:oBbie~ coBeTHMKM rro.n:TaJIKMBaJIH EJIM-
3aBeTy K TOMY, "l:IT06bi ORa OI<a3aJia BOeHHYIO TIO,U-
.n:ep:>KKY cppanuy3cKMM npOTeCTaHTaM n npncoc.n:nnn-
Jiacb K Me:>K.n:ynapo.n:no}r I1poTecTaHTCKoi1 Jinre. Ce-
niJI .n:ei1cTBOBaJI ne nanpHMyiO, a qepe3 KpncTocpepa
MyH.n:Ta, nocJia B fcpMaHnM. OH no.n:y'IIIJI MyH.n:Ta
yrOBOpMTb HeMeUKIIX MOHapXOB-npoTeCTaHTOB TIOC-
JiaTb K EJIII3aBeTe aMuccapa, 'IT06bi npe.n:Jio:>KIITb co-
BeiUaime II coi03. CaM MyH.UT .UOJI:>KeH 6biJI npe.n:yn-
pe,UIITb KOpOJieBy, tlTO nopa:>KeHIIe cppaHUY3CKIIX npo-
TeCTaHTOB Heo6XO,l{I1MO npe,UOTBpaTMTb: eMy npe.n:rm-
CbiBaJIOCb coo6IUMTb EJIM3aBeTe, 'ITO ~ecJIII ona cei1:-
qac He TIOCTapaeTC.H ITOMO'Ib Bepe BO <DpaHUMM II He
rrpe,UOTBpaTHT COI03 <DpaHUIIlf II I1cnaHIUf, ee fM-
6eJib 6y,UeT CTOJib :>Ke 6JIM3Ka, CKOJib II JII06oro ,Upy-
roro MOHapxa B XpHCTMaHCKOM MMpe>>. 5JCHO, 'ITO
noJIMTMKY orrpe.n:eJI.HJI CecMJI, a rroToM ITbiTaJIC.H Bbi-
HY.UMTb EJIM3aBeTy rrpoBO.UMTb ee. JlM'!Hbie paccy:>K-
.n:enu.H no Borrpocy o 6pai<e u nacJie,UCTBe B 1566 r.
npMBeJiu ero K Bbmo.n:y: ~ CaMoe pa3yMHoe B aToM
Bbi6ope - peiiiMTbC.H Ha 3aKJIIO'Ienue ueJiecoo6pa3-
noro 6paKa, a ecJIM aToro ne rroJiy'IMTC.H, TO rrepexo-
.UMTb K o6cy:>K.n:enmo Bonpoca o nacJie,UoBai-mu~ 6 •
CecHJI .n:eilcTBOBaJI qepe3 rrapJiaMeHT, cTapaHCb 3a-
cTaBHTb EJIM3aBeTy Bbi6paTb TOT MJIH ,n:pyroi1: mar.
,llpyrne '!JieHbi CoBeTa TO:>Ke ITbiTaJIHCb oKa3biBaTb
,l.{aBJienue Ha EJIM3aBcTy - XOT.H M ne Bcer.n:a ycrreiii-
no. B 1576 r. arenT rpacpa JlecTepa yroBopuJI roJI-
JiaH.n:cKux rroBcTanueB rrorrpocMTb EJIM3aBeTy rrocJiaTb
aHrJIMMCKYI-0 apMMIO BO r JiaBe C JlecTepOM liM Ha ITO-


~
KopoAesa H CoseT
~
lll'U..=====A>rJil
MOIIlb B 6opb6e rrponm I1crramu1. Ho I< or.n:a roJIJiaH-
.UU:bi IIOCJiyiiiamiCb H BbiCI<a3aJIH CBOIO rrpocb6y, EJIH-
3aBeTa OTI<asaJia, liTO ocTaBHJIO JlecTepa B .n:ypai<ax
H HC ,UaJIO eMy B03MO)l(HOCTH BbiiiOJIHHTb CBOe o6e-
maHHC BHJibreJibMY Opanci<oMy: ~5I Bp.H.n: 1111 I<or.n:a-
HH6y.n:h eMory B3rJI.HHYTb rrpHHU:Y B r Jiasa HJIH narrH-
caTb eMy, IIOCJie TOrO I<ai< ero O)l(H,UaHH.H 6biJIH CTOJib
)l(eCTOKO o6ManyTbi~. Ho coBeTHHKH EJIH3aBeTbi rrpo-
.UOJI)l(aJII1 HaCTaHBaTb Ha BOeHHOH IIOMOIIlH rOJIJiaH,U-
l{aM, H JlecTep, Bep1111 H BaJibCHHraM cTpOHJIH K03-
HH, lJT06bi ,U06HTbC.H ee corJiaCH.H. J1x HaCTOHlJHBbie
COBeTbi Bbi3biBaJIH BCIIbiiiiKH KOpOJieBCKOrO rHCBa, HO
rneB KOpOJieBhl HHlJero He MeH.HJI. BepJIH rOBOpHJI
BaJibCHHraMy B 1578 r.: ~Mbi BCe ,UOJI)l(Hbi HeKOTO-
poe BpeM.H IIOKOpHO CHOCHTb He,UOBOJibCTBO Ee Be-
JIHlJeCTBa, ne OTlJaHBa.Hcb; KaK 6br ona ce:Hqac HH
B03pa>I<aJia IIpOTHB 3THX ,UeJI, HaCTYIIHT MOMeHT, KOr-
.n:a ona CM.HrlJHT CBoe pas.n:pa)l(eHHe, oco6enno rwr-
.n:a y6e,UHTC.H, lJTO Mbi BCe ,UyMaeM 0 HeM H ee 6e3-
0IIaCHOCTH, XOT.H HHOr,Ua OIIa ,UyMaeT Hllalfe~ 7 - TO
eCTb eCJIH Mbi BCe OT nee He OTCTaHCM, B KOHU:e
KOHU:OB OHa corJiaCHTC.H!
"lJJieHbi Ta:i:J:noro COB eTa
CMOTpeJIH Ha MOHapiiiee B03pa)l(er-me He KaK Ha OI<OH-
'faTeJibHblH OTKa3, a KaK Ha rrpo6JieMy, KOTOpyiO
na.n:o 6biJIO o6oiiTH.
CeKpeTaph BaJibCHnraM, KaK H CeCHJl .n:o nero,
coo6ma11 I<Oppecrron.n:enTaM KopoJieBbi, liTO HMenno
e:H r-rarrHcaTb. B 1581 r. on rro.n:yMaJI, 'iTO .n:oKJia,Ubi
XanTHnr.n:ona o BepnocTH CeBepnoii AnrJIHH ycrro-
I<O.HT EJIJ,I3aBeTy OTHOCUTeJibiiO KaTOJIH'fCCKOH yrpo-
3bi - H on rrorrpocJI.rr rpacpa BKJIIO'-IHTb 6o11ee rreccu-
MHCT.H'-!ecKHe Ol{eHI<ll: ~5! 0'-IeHb XOlJY, '-IT06bi B 8TOM
cJiy'-!ac Ee Be.rm'-!eCTI30 Bee >r<e O)f(II.n:a.rra xy.n:IIIcro~ 8 .
B 1581 r. BaJibCIInraM xoTeJI, '-IT06br onacnocTb co


CTOpOHbl KaTOJIMKOB 6biJia rrpeyBeJIWieHa, II03)I(e OH
XOTeJI, 1!T06bi MCIIaHCKaJI OIIaCHOCTb 6biJia IIpMyMeHb-
rneHa. B Ha'!aJie 1586 r. BaJibCimraM IIbiTaJic.H cBec-
TM K MMHHMYMY OIIaCeHM.H ITO IIOBO,a:y B03MO)I(HOCTM
HeMe,a:JieHHoro rro.HBJieHM.H McrraHcKoii: ApMa,a:bi, 'IT0-
6bi rrpeo,a:oJieTb He)I(eJiaHMe EJIM3aBeTbi TpaTMTb ,a:eHb-
rM Ha apMMIO JiecTepa B HM,a:epJiaH,a:ax. Ho KopoJie-
Ba caMa y3HaJia OT rnoTJiaH,a:cKoro KaiiMTana,
'ITO
<DMJIMIIII II co6MpaeT cpJIOT B JIMcca6oHe, B rryx M
rrpax pa3pyraJiaCb c BaJibCMHraMOM M lliBbipHyJia eMy
B JIMU:O TycpJIIO. Ho KaK 6bi OHa HM lliBblp.HJiaCb Tycp-
JI.HMM, '!JieHbi CoBeTa He ocTaBJI.HJIM rrorrbiTOK pyKo-
BOtJ:MTb EJIM3aBeTOi1:. B 1585 r. CoBeT HacTaMBaJI,
'IT06bi OHa C03BaJia rrapJiaMeHT, KOTOpblll OHM XOTe-
JIM MCIIOJib30BaTb ,a:JI.H M36aBJieHM.H OT MapMM CTio-
apT: ~Mbi naCTaMBaeM Ha co3biBe rrapJiaMeHTa, 'ITO
He HpaBMTC.H Ee BeJIM'!eCTBY, HO Mbi Bee rrpo,a:OJI)I(a-
eM yrropcTBOBaTb5>,
-
coo6IIJ;aJI EepJIM9. .l{eii:cTBM-
TeJibno, rroxo)I(e Ha TO, 'ITO MMenno na)I(MM Ha EJIH-
3aBeTy B Konu:e KOHUOB rrpMBeJI MapMIO CTIOapT Ha
rrJiaxy. B
.HHBape 1587 r. BaJibCMnraM, o'!eBM,a:no,
MHCIJ;eHMpOBaJI ~CTaii:cpop,a:CKMll 3afOBOp5> (.HK06bi
rro,a:JIO)I(MTb rropox rro,a: KpoBaTb EJIM3aBeTbi M B3op-
BaTb ee). ~3aroBop5> 6biJI yJioBKoii:, 'IT06bi y6e,a:MTb
EJIM3aBeTy, 'ITO rroKa MapM.H )!(MBa, oHa naxo,a:MTC.H
B OIIaCHOCTM, If 'IT06bi neii:TpaJIM30BaTb cppaHUY3CI<OfO
IIOCJia (KOTOpblll MOf 6bi ycrrelliHO MOJIMTb 0 COXpa-
HeHMM MapMM )I(If3I-m), ero 3aMernaJIM B E>TO ,a:eJio.
I<or,a:a MapM.H yMepJia M y)I(e He rrpe,a:cTaBJI.HJia orrac-
HOCTM, BaJibCMHraM M3BMHMJIC.H rrepe,a: rrocJioM M 3a-
BepMJI ero, 'ITO, KOHC'IHO, rrpaBMTCJibCTBO Ha CaMOM
,a:eJie HMI<Or,a:a He rro,a:o3peBaJio ero B coyqacTMn!
EJIM3aBeTa ,a:oBep5IJia EepJIH 6oJibrne, '!eM KOMy-
JIM6o ,a:pyroMy, OHa 6e3yCJIOBHO JII06MJia .l{a,a:JIII If


~
Kopo.ll.eBa H CoBeT
~
lll~====~~
KaKOe-TO BpCM.H XOTeJia BbiHTli 3a Hero 3aMy>K; II
OI-Ia BblCOKO IJ;ei-IHJia )liiiTJIOMaTWieCKOC H yrrpaBJICII-
qecKOC IIcKyccTBO BaJihCIIHraMa -
IIO oHa rroTpa-
TIIJia ,l(Ba):(IJ;aTb JICT Ha TO, qT06bi COITpOTIIBJI5ITbC5I
ITOJIIITIIqecKOH Jli1HIIII, KOTOpyiO OHH eli I-IaB.H3biBa-
Jlii. IIocJie JJ:OporocTom.u:eH: KaTacTpocpbi <d--Ibmxe:H-
BCHCKOi:'I aBaHTIOpbi:? (B KOTOpoi1: 60JiblliC BCCX 6biJl
ITOBIIHCH J1ecTep) B 1562-1563 rr. I1 ITOCJie TOpro-
BOfO ::>M6apro (II rra)lCHII.H TaMO>KCHHbiX c6opon),
ITOCJIC):(OBa):(aBlliero 3a KOHcpHCKaiJ;IIeH CecHJieM HC-
rraHCKOfO 3ai1Ma B 1569 r., EJIII3aBeTa nayqiiJiaCb
OCTOpQ)KHOCTII. Ona CTaJia I10)l03piiTCJlbHOH OTIIO-
CIITCJlbHO BHelliHeif ITOJIIITIIKH Kpai1:He rrepCJJ:ODbiX,
I10):(03piiTeJibHOM OTHOCHTCJlbHO peKOMei-I)laiJ:II"H ee CO-
BCTHIIKOB H He XOTC.i'Ia rrpiiHIIMaTb .HCHbiX H orrpene-
JieHHbiX perneHIIM. He >KeJia.H, qTo6hi CoBeT ee o6-
MaHbiBaJI II TOpOIIIIJI, KOpOJieBa EJIII3aBeTa KOJie6a-
JiaCh II T.HHyJia c perneHII.HMII. B 1569 r. c:Dp3HCIIC
HoyJIJI3 eli cKa3aJI: ~CoBeTHIIKII Barnero BeJIIIqec-
TBa ne cMoryT yrrpaBJI.HTh BarniiM rocynapcTBOM,
ecJIII Bbi ne MO>KeTe perniiTeJibHO cJieJJ:OBaTb IIX co-
BeTaM B Ba>KHhiX neJiax:? 10 -
no EJIII3aBeTa 6biJia
pelliiiTeJibHa TOJlbKO B CBOeH HepelliiiTeJibHOCTII, II
OHa ):(OBO)liiJia COBCTHIIKOB )lO 6eJIOfO KaJieHII.H CBOeH
OCTOpO>KHOCTbiO II KOJie6aHII5IMII.
B 1573 r. EepJIII cocTaBIIJI noKyMeHT o ~HeKoTo­
pbiX )leJiaX, B KOTOpbiX 3a):(ep>KKII II Me,[(JIUTCJlbHOCTb
Ee BeJIIIqecTBa KopoJieBbi rrpnBeJin ne TOJihKO K ne-
yno6cTBaM H yBeJIIIqCHUIO paCXO)lOB, HO Tai<>KC K orrac-
HOCT.HM:?; B pa3)leJie 0 illOTJiaH)lHII OH )lOKa3hiBaJI,
qTo ~n3nep>KKII yBeJIIIqnBaiOTC.H OT MeJJ:JIHTeJibHOCTH
II HepernnTeJibHOCTII, H )lOXO)lbl 6hiJIU 6111 DbllliC, CCJIII
6bi Ee BeJIIIqecTBO neiicTBOBaJia 6hiCTpo n pemnTeJIIr
HO:?. BaJibCHHfaM TO>Ke XOTCJI, HO He MOr JJ:06IITbC5I
s. 3aK. 286


peunneJibHbiX ll:eifeTBnif. B 5IHBape 1575 r. on roBo-
pHJI EJIH3aneTe: ~Bo HM5I foerro,n:a, Ma,n:aM, He ,n:orrye-
Kall:Te, t:IT06br H3Jieqemre Bamero 6oJihHoro roey,n:ap-
eTna 11 ,n:aJibiiie 3a,n:ep)KIIBaJioeb pa3MbiiiiJieHH5IMH!~ Ee
rrpoMe,n:JieHne H3MaTbiBaJio eeKpeTap5I CMina, KOTO-
pbiH IIpOKJIHHaJI eBOIO ey,n:b6y n 1575 r.:
~ 3Ta HepeiiiHTeJibHOeTb ,n:eifeTnHTeJibHO H3-
Hyp5IeT H y6nnaeT ee MHH.HeTpon, eBO,l(HT Ha HeT
nx ,n:e5rTeJibHOeTb H YHHt:ITO)KaeT nee 6Jiarne 3a-
MbieJibi H HaMepeiU15I - HH Ha O,l(HO II.HebMO OT-
HOeHTeJibHO 11pJiaH,l(HH, XOT5I OHH nee IIpOt:IHTa-
Hbl H rrpHH5ITbi Ee BeJI.Ht:IeeTnOM, 5I He Mary rro-
JIYt:IHTb ee IIO,l(II.Heb, 5I )l(,l(y ,l(O TeX rrop, IIOKa
r Jia3a MOH y)l(e He nH,l(5IT, a HOfH MeH5I He ,n:ep-
)l(aT. ( CMHTY TOr,n:a 6biJIO 62 ro.n:a, H on qyneTno-
BaJI enoH: no3paeT!) I1 K TOMY )l(e 3TH rrponoJIOt:I-
KH eiUe 6oJibiiie MeH5I paeeTpannaiOT n He ,n:aiOT
MHe erraTb ITO HOt:IaM~ 11 .
ToMae CMHT He 6hiJI eos,n:aH ,l(JI5I nhreoKoif rro-
JIIITHKn! c:Dp3nene Ba.nbelmraM 6biJI, no on TO)I(e
Tep5IJI ne5IKOe TeprreHne. On OTKponenno eKa3aJI
Emr3aBeTe n 1581 r.: ~11nor,n:a, Kor,n:a Bame BeJin-
qeeTno Oe03HaCT, KaK.He eOMHJiTeJibHbiC OTHOIIIeHH5I
eKJia,l(binaiOTe5I y nae e JiHOeTpaHHbiMH MOHapxaMH,
Tor,n:a Bbi e 6oJibiiiHM qyneTnoM )l(eJiaeTe, t:IT06br
IIpe/l:eTanJieHHbie n03MO)I(HOeTJi He 6biJIH yrryiUeHbi.
Ho Kor,n:a OHH BaM rrpe,n:eTanJI5IIOTe5I (eeJI.H OHH eo-
rrp5r)ICeHbi e 3aTpaTaMn), OHH 11:a)l(e ne paeeMaTp.H-
naiOTe5I~ 12 .
CoBeTHHKH IIIJIH Ha xnTpoeTH, '-IT06br rrpoTnno-
/(Ci1cTnonaTb oeTopmi<HOeTH H KOJie6aHH5IM KOpOJie-
Bbi. B 1590 r. EJI.H3aneTa OTKJia,n:hmaJia rro,n:rrneaHne


~
KopoAeua H CoueT
~
l'l~=======A>T"J'l
pacrropR:>Kemrii o B3HMaHHH ccy.n Ha MaJiyiO rre'!aTb
co CBOHX 6oJiee 6oraTbiX rro,n,naHHbiX .no Tex rrop,
IIOKa He y6e,nHTC5!, 'ITO OHM He06XO,l{HMbl. B TO Bpe-
M5!, KOf,l{a Ha KOpOJleBy OKa3biBaJIOCb ,naBJieHJie, CJiy-
)KJ1TeJib rre~IaTH roBopHJI EepJIH: ~51 HaMepeH cocTa-
BHTb OI<OH'IaTeJibHbiH BapHaHT pacrropR)KeHH5! cero,n-
WI, 'IT06bi 6bJTb fOTOBbiM, eCJIH OH HeO)KJI,l{aHI-10 IIO-
Ha,no6JITC5!, H6o 5I .n:yMam, 'ITO Ee BeJIH'!ecTBo HaKo-
Heu IIO,l{rHiliieT - H KaK TOJibKO OHa IIO,l{IIHIIICT, Mbl
ero OTOIIIJieM paHbiiie, '!eM oHa rrepe,nyMaeT~ 13 • Bo
MHOfOM Ta )Ke CaMa51 TaKTHKa 6biJia HCIIOJib30BaHa C
pacnop51)KeHHeM o Ka3HH MaprrH B 1587 r., xoTR
rrocrreiiiHa51 oTrrpaBKa .n;oKyMeHTa ceKpeTapeM ,llei:J:-
BHCOHOM rrpHBeJia ero B Tay3p. EJIH3aBeTa OT03BaJia
cBoe pememre o pa3peiiieHHH Ka3HH MapHH, HO CJIHIII-
KOM II03,l{HO, H ,l{eHBHCOH CTaJI K03JIOM OTIIyiUeHH5!
-
HO ee CJiy)KHTeJII1 C TeX rrop HHKOf,l{a eft UeJIHKOM
He ,noBep51JIH. Po6epT EnJI rrpe.nyrrpe)K,naJI B 1592 r.,
'ITO rocy,napCTBeHHbiH CeKpeTapb BCer,na .lJ:OJI:>KeH IIO-
Jiy'!aTb IIHCbMeHHOe IIO,l{TBep)K,n:eHJie KOpOJieBCKHX
paCIIOp5I)KeHHH, TaK 'ITO eCJIII OHa MeHRJia pemeHJie,
OHa He MOfJia 6bi OTKa3aTbC51 OT rrpe,nbl.l{YIUHX rrpH-
Ka30B. Co BpeMeHeM HepeiiinTeJibHOCTb EJIH3aBeTbi
CTaJia rrpH .n;Bope rrpe.n;MeToM IIIYTOK. B cpeBpaJie
1594 f. rrepee3,l{ ,l{BOpa B BHH,l{30p HeO,l{HOKpaTHO OT-
KJia,l{biBaJIC5! no npnKa3y KopoJieBbi. Kor.na B031-IHK,
Bbi3BaHHbi:H .li:Jl5! TpaHCIIOpTI1pOBKH KOpOJieBCKOfO rap-
,nepo6a, 6biJI OTOCJiaH B TpeTnj;i pa3, OH BOCKJIHKHyJI:
~Terrepb 5I BH)Ky, 'ITO KOpO.lieBa TO)Ke )KeHIUHHa, CO-
BCeM KaK M051 )Kena! 5? 14 Em-r3aBeTa 3TO ycJibiJllaJia H
rrocJiaJia B03'IHKY .n:ener, ':iT06bi OH yexaJI H rrepe-
cTaJI 60JITaTb: B TOM, 'ITO B HeM BI1,n:eJIH ~IIpOCTO
)KCHIUHHY5?, HH'!ero xopornero He 6niJIO. Ho ee KOJie-
6aHHR He 6biJII1 Bbi3BaHbl rrpOCTO )KCHCKOH HepB03-


HOCTbiO l1 HepenmTeJibHOCTblO - eCJIH B006rue TaKHe
Kal.J:CCTBa cymeCTBYIOT - 3TO 6biJia cepbe3Ha5I nOJIH-
TIIKa. Kor.n:a na Emi3aBeTy TaK l.J:aCTO oKa3biBaJIOCb
,n:aBJieHHC no nono,n:y npHI-l5ITI15I perneHHH 0 Ba:>KHbiX
(H ,n:oporOCT05IIUHX) ,[(eHCTBI15IX Ha OCHOBe HHcpop-
MaiJ;HH, KOTOpyiO ,[(JI5I Hee Bbi6HpaJIH ,n:pyrHe, CKa-
3aTb ~HeT5> CTaJIO nOJIHTHl.J:eCKHM XO,[(OM - a CCJIH
fOBOpHJIOCb ~,[(a5>, TO npHKa3 OTMeH5IJIC5I. l!eM npe,n:-
npHHI1MaTb HCI13BeCTHO KaKHC ,[(eHCTBI15I, KOpOJieBa
npe,n:nOl.J:HTaJia HHl.J:ero He ,[(eJiaTb; l.J:eM npHH5ITb He-
o6paTHMOC HenpaBHJibHOC peiiieHHe, OHa npe,n:nOl.J:H-
TaJia HHl.J:ero ne pernaTb.
Tor.n:a KaK l.J:JICHbi Ta:Hnoro coneTa nbiTaJIHCb na-
npaBHTb KOpOJieBy Ha onpe,n:eJieHHbiH Kypc ,n:eHCTBHH,
EJIH3aBeTa HaMepenno ocTaBJI5IJia 3a co6o:i1: Bbi6op. B
1572-1573 rr. OHa c6HJia C TOJIKY BCeX, BKJII0l.J:a5!
CBOHX co6CTBeHHbiX ,[(HnJIOMaTOB, npOB0,[(5I .[(BOHHYIO
noJIHTHKY B neperonopax c <Dpanu;He:i1: o 6paKe. Ona
nanHcaJia BaJibCHHraMy B IIapH:>K B HIOJie 1572 r.,
'-ITO npe,n:Jio:>KeHHe AJiancona o 6paKe ,n:oJI:>KHO 6biTb
OTBepmyTO no npH'-IHHe pa3HHU:bi B B03pacTe; l.J:epe3
l.J:eTbipe .[(H5I ona nanHcaJia, '-ITO 3T)' TPY.[(HOCTb MO:>KHO
npeO,[(OJICTb, eCJIH OHa CaMa BCTpeTHTC5I C repu;orOM.
3aTeM BaJibCHHraMy 6biJIO nopy'-IeHo noKa3aTb o6a
nHCbMa KopoJIIO KapJiy IX - KaK EepJIH 3aMeTHJI
BaJibCHHraMy: ~ BH:>KY, '-ITO BaiiiH neperonopbi 6y,n:yT
necbMa 3anyTaHHbiMH5>. llepe3 ,n:eB5ITb Mec5Iu;en BaJib-
CHHraM .[(OKJia.[(biBaJI o xo.n:e neperonopon, no .n:o6a-
BHJI: ~Bcepbe3 JIH paCCMaTpHBaeTC5I 3TOT 6paK HJIH
HCT - 06 3TOM Tpy,n:IIO CY.[(HTb, KOr,[(a pa3HOfJiaCH5I
HMeiOT Taime r Jiy60K11e KOpll115> 15 . EJm3aBeTa npO.[(OJI-
:>K:lJla neperonopbi .n:o Tex nop, noKa ne cTaJio RCIIO,
HaCKOJibKO 3TO BblfO,[(HO, II COXpaiHIJia XOpOIIIHe OT-
HOIIICHHH C cppaHUY3CKHM I<OpOJICBCKHM ,[(OMOM, npH


~=======K==o=p=O=A=e=B=a=H==C=o=B=e=T=======~
3TOM ew He IIp11lllJIOCb 1111 3a KOfO 113 H11X BbiXOJJ:11Tb
3aMy)l(.
Ee CTpaTermi He 113MeH11Jiacb 11 B cJie,n:yiOn~eM pa-
yn.n:e neperoBopoB c AJiaHCOHOM B 1579-1581 rr. IIoc-
Jie ,n:Byx JieT ,n:aJibHeWlll11X neperoBopoB BaJibcmrraM
Bee erne He 3HaJI, liTO )l(e EJI113aBeTa co611paeTCR .n:e-
JiaTb, 11 Cli11TaJI npoMe,n:JieH11e onacnbiM. On coo6u~aJI
ew B CeHT.H6pe 1581 f.:
<<ECJI11 y Balllero BeJI.nlieCTBa ecTb TaK11e Ha-
Mepemm, He 3a6biBaWTe, liTO CB011M11 BbiCOliaW-
lll11M11 npoBOJIOliKaM11 Bbi Tep5IeTe Bhmrpbllll BO
BpeMeH11, liTO (eCJI11 IIp11H5ITb BO BH11MaH11e fOJJ:bl)
HY)l(HO YlJ11TbiBaTb He B nocJie,n:HIOIO Oliepe,n:b. EcJI11
TaK11X HaMepeH11W y Bac HeT, TOr,n:a 11MeWTe B B11.ll:Y,
liTO 113 BCeX 11CIIOJib3yeMbiX CIIOC060B 3TO CaMbiW
nJioxow (KaK 6bi Ballle BeJI11lieCTBO n11 Cli11TaJI11,
liTO 3TO MO)l(eT np11HeCT11 BaM noJib3Yh 16 •
BaJibC11HraM He Bep11JI B 3aKpylieHnyiO 6paliHYIO
JJ:11IIJIOMaT11IO EJI113aBeTbi 11 HacTa11BaJI na np11H.HT1111
Toro 11JI11 .n:pyroro pellleH115I. O.n:naKo EJI113aBeTa xo-
TeJia npoT.HHYTb AJiaHcoHcKoe ,n:eJio KaK MO)l(HO .n:o-
Jibllle, TaK KaK COBCeM He 6biJIO .HCHO, KaK ew CJie,n:y-
eT nocTyn11Tb. l.lJI.H 6paKa c AJiaHCOHOM 6biJI11 ,n:Be
,n:aJieKO 11.ll:Yl!l11e IIp11li11Hbi: 3TO IIOMelllaJIO 6bi <DpaH-
U:1111 o6beJJ:11H11TbC.H c 11cnai-mew 11 BToprnyThC.H B
AnrJI11IO 11 3TO MOfJIO 6bi B KaKOW-TO CTeneH11 IIOBJI11-
5!Tb Ha IIOJI11T11KY <DpaHI.J;1111 OTHOC11TeJibHO H11,n:ep-
JiaH,n:CKOW peBOJIIOU:1111. Ho 6biJI11 11 ,n:Be BeCK11e np11-
li11Hbi npOT11B 3TOfO 6paKa: JI11liHOe OTBpamen11e KO-
poJieBbl K 3aMy)l(eCTBY 11 B03pa)l(eHmr ee no.n:.n:ar-IHbiX-
npoTeCTaHTOB npOT11B 6paKa c KaTOJI11KOM. Ha npo-
T.H:>r<eH1111 Bcero 6eci<OHeliHOro JJ:11IIJIOManrliecrwro


CBaTOBCTBa 3TH C006pa)I<eHI151 ypaBHOBCIIIHBaJIH O.UHO
JJ:pyroe, 11 Emr3aBeTa Hlfl·Iero He ,n:eJiaJia. Ho na He-
KOTopoe BpCM5I B 1579 r. OHa peiiiHTCJibHO 3aH5IJiaCb
MaTpHMOHHaJibHOH IIOJIHTHKO~i, 11 IIOXO)I{e, t:ITO ee
HC)I<eJiaime BpeMCHHO OTCTYIIHJIO. EJIH3aBeTa MHOfO
pa3 HrpaJia B CBaTOBCTBO, HO, CKOpee BCero, B 1579 r.
3TO 6biJia He TOJibKO 11rpa. Eii: 6biJIO 46 JieT, rrpe,n:Jio-
)KenHe AJiancoHa oi<a3aJIOCb ee rrocJie,n:Heii: B03MO)I{-
nocTbiO, TCM 6oJiee HaHJIYt:IIIIHM rrpe,n:JIO)I{eHHeM 113
Bcex, KaKHe eii: ,n:eJiaJIH. 0Ha 6hrJia Ha ,n:Ba.n:uaTb JieT
cTapiiie Hero, a oH 6hiJI H3ypo,n:oBaH ocrroii:, HO oHa
Ha3biBaJia ero CBOIIM Jl5IryiiiOHKOM, rry6JIHt:IHO C HHM
ueJioBaJiacb 11 BeJia ce65I KaK II5ITHa.n:uaTHJieTH5!5I
BJiro6Jienna5!. Bo3MO)I{HO, t:~aCTHt:IHO 3TO cTaJio pe3yJih-
TaTOM )KenHTb6br JiecTepa Ha JleTHUHH HoyJIJI3. Ho
BCe )Ke KOpOJieBa He MOfJia IIp11H5ITb peiiieHHe, pa3-
,n:npa5!Cb Me)I{,n:y .Ul1IIJIOMaTWieCKl1Ml1 11 Jll1t:IHbiMl1 rrpe-
HMYII~CCTBaMH 3Toro 6paKa 11 5IBHoii: Bpa)I{,n:e6HOCTbiO
o6mecTBa K neMy. B MapTe 1579 r. Hat:IaJiacb KaM-
rraiUI5I rrporroBe,n:eii:, OHa .uocTHrJia KYJibMHHaUHH
OCCHbiO -.,. KOr,n:a ,ll)I{OH CTa663 orry6JIHKOBaJI «06-
uapy)fceuue 3UR10UWU nponacmu, ua oue 1wmopou
Auz.lluw Jota)Kem npouwmum'b e~e oouu ¢pau~y3c­
KUtt 6paK, ecJLu Focnoo'b ue pa3pywum 3mu 3aM'btC-
Jl'bt, omKpbtB Ee BeJLuttecmBy Zlla3a Ha 3mom zpex u
c;teoyw~ee 3a uuM uaKa3a1lue»-.
KHHra yTBep)I<.n:a-
Jia, t:ITO 6paK - 3TO yrpo3a pecpopMHCTCKOH peJIH-
fl111 11 ai·ll'JIHHCKOH He3aBM:Cl1MOCTl1, 11 BbiCKa3biBaJia
rrpe.n:rro.llmKerme, t:ITO AJiaHcon nopoqeH, a EJIH3aBe-
Ta CJIHIIIKOM CTapa, t.IT06bi HMCTb pe6enKa.
KopoJieBa 6hrJJa B 5IpOCTH. Ona H3JJ:aJia rrpoKJia-
Maumo, 3arrper.u:a10myro Io-mry, 11 CTa663 11 ero H3,n:a-
TCJib 6biJlH OCY)I<JJ:Cilbi na TO, t.IT06bJ 11M 0Tpy6HJIH
rrpanyro ;KHCTb TorropoM. I1crromrerme npHroBopa 3


~
KopoAeBa H CoBeT
~
lll'U..====A>TJil
HO.si6p.si 1579 r. 6biJIO ,n;JI.si Em13aBCTbi KaTacTpocpo:H
C TOqKll 3peHll.si C06CTBeHI-IbiX OTHOIIIeHHH, TaK I<aK
.siBHbiH rraTpllOTll3M )KepTB KOHTpaCTllpOBaJI C HaMe-
peHHeM KOpOJieBbl BbiHTll 3aMy)K 3a llHOCTpaHI!a.
CTa663 rrorrpocHJI ToJirry: dloMOJIHTecb 3a MeH.si ce:H-
qac, Kor.n;a 6e.n;cTBHe y MeH.si rro.n; pyKo:H~, H rrocJie
TOfO KaK eMy OTpy6HJill rrpaByiO pyKy, OH B3.siJI CBOIO
IIIJI.siiiY JieBOH ll BOCKJillKHyJI: ~DO)Ke, xpaHll KOpo-
JieBy!~ llocJie Toro KaK rro.n;Beprc.si Hai<a3anmo ero
ll3,ll;aTeJib, TOT CKa3aJI IIOTp.siCeHHOH ll MOJiqaJIHBOH
TOJirre: <<5! ocTaBHJI 3.n;ecb pyKy rrpe.n;aHHoro aHrJIH-
qaHHHa~ 17 • 3TH rry6JillqHbie y)KaCbl COBIIaJill C ,n;e6a-
TaMH o 6paqHoM rrpe,n;JIO)KeHHH B TaiiHoM coBeTe H
ne o6oiiiJIHCb 6e3 HX BJIH.siHH.si. BecbMa Bepo.siTHO,
qTo JiecTep H BaJibCHHraM rro.n;cKa3aJIH CTa663y, qTo
HaiiHCaTb B KHllfe, OHll IIOqTll HaBepH.siKa ,ll;llpll)Kll-
pOBaJill KaMIIaHHeH IIpOIIOBe,n;eii ll pHCOBaJill HOBbie
IIOpTpeTbi KOpOJieBbl B CB5I3ll C TeMOH .n;eBCTBeHHOC-
Tll. Bo3MO)KHO, qTo qJieHbi TaiiHoro coBeTa, KOTO-
pbie He o,n;o6p.siJill 6paKa, IIpllBHeCJill TpeBO)KHbiH TOH
H B ~llaCTymecKHii KaJieH.n;apb~ CrreHcepa (.n;eKa6pb
1579 r.). CoBeT o6cy)K,n;aJI 6paK Becb OKT.si6pb H Ha-
qaJio HO.si6p.si. DOJibiiiHHCTBO coBeTHHKOB 6biJIH rrpo-
THB, I-10 CqllTaJIH, qTO KOpOJieBa 3TOfO xoqeT, II03TO-
MY 7 OKT.si6p.si CoBeT cKa3aJI EJIH3aBeTe, qTo OH He
,n;aeT peKOMeH,n;ai~llH Hll 3a, Hll rrpOTllB.
EJIH3aBeTa rrpHIIIJia B 6eiiieHCTBO. E:H KaK pa3
HY)KHO 6biJIO o.n;o6peHHe H yBepeHHOCTb, qTo CoBeT
IIO,ll;,n;ep)KllT ee B IIpOTllBOBeC o6mecTBeHHOMY B03My-
meHHIO. Terrepb oHa He 3HaJia, qTo .n;eJiaTb. 0Ha o6-
.n;yMbiBaJia, He BBeCTll Jill B CoBeT qeTbipex KaTOJIH-
KOB, qT06bi IIOJiyqllTb IIO,ll;,n;ep)KKY 6paKa. 10 HO.si6p.si
OHa coo6uu1Jia CoBeTy, qTo BbiXO,li;HT 3aMy)K 3a AJian-
cona, HO qepe3 ,n;Ba ,n;H.si cHoBa rrorrpocHJia ero peKo-


~ E.I\H3aBeTa I AHr.I\HHCKaH
~
lll~=====~JI.!
Men.n:ar.uri-1. 30 no5I6p5I ana na3naqHJia KOMHccmo no
corJiacoBamno ycJIOBl1H 6par<a c areHTOM AJiaHcona,
HO 24-ro, I<Or,n:a areHT OT6biJI BO Cl>paHIJ;HIO, OHa ITOIT-
pOCHJia 0 .UBYXMeC5lqiiQH 3a,n:ep)I(Ke, qT06bi ITOITbiTaTb-
C5l yroBOpHTb CBOHX rro,n:,n:aHIIbiX rrpHMHpi1TbC5l C CO-
I030M. B CoBeTe TOJibKO Cyccei<c I.J:eJIHKOM rro.n:.n:ep-
)I(HBaJI 6paK; EepJIH ,n:yMaJI, qTo JIYlii.I.Ie 3TOT 6paK,
qeM coBceM HHKaKoro, a XaH3LJ:OH corJiaceH 6biJI rrpH-
MHpHTbC5l c )KeJiaHH5IMH era uapcTBeHHOH KY3HHbL
OrrrronenThi, BO r JiaBe c JlecTepoM, OTKpbiJIH Bee
I.I.IJII03bi. OnH OTKa3aJIHCb o.n:o6pHTb rrJiaH KopoJie-
Bhi, OHH B3BHHTHJIH o6mecTBeHHOe MHeHHe rrporro-
Be,n:biO H rreqaThiO, csp Cl>HJIHrrrr CH,n:HH, rrJieM5lHHHK
JlecTepa, narroMHHJI el'r o ee ,n:oJire rrepe.n: CB5IIUeH-
HbiM ITHCaHHeM H 06 065l3aTeJibCTBaX rrepe,n: aHrJIHH-
CKHMH rrpoTecTaruaMH, errHcKorr KoKc coqHHHJI TpaK-
TaT rrpoTHB 3aMy)I(eCTBa; na YJIHI.J:ax Jlon.n:ona rro5l-
BHJIHCb rracKBHJIH H rrJiaKaTbi. EJIH3aBeTa c,n:aJiaCb H
cKa3aJia AJiancoHy, qTo ee Hapo.n: ne corJiai.I.IaeTC5l na
6paK. ci>aKTHqecKH 3TO 6biJIO pei.I.IenHe Tai1noro co-
BeTa.
Ho Bee )I(e EJIH3aBeTa He xoTeJia OTKa3biBaTbC5l
OT LJ:HITJIOMaTHqecKHX B03MQ)I(HQCTeH H BCe eme KOJie-
6aJiaCb. Ona rrpH3HaBaJiacb EepJIH B 1581 r.:
~ MHJiop.n:, 5I naxo)I(ych Me)I(.n:y CI.J:HJIJIOH H
XapH6,n:oi1. AJiancmr corJiaCHJIC5l na Bee ycJIOBH5l,
rrocJiaHHbie MHOH, H OH rrpocHT MeH5l coo6IUHTb
eMy, Kor.n:a 5I xoqy, qTo6bi on rrpHexaJI H )KeHHJI-
C5l na MHe. EcJIH 5I He Bhri1.n:y 3a nero 3aMy)l<, 5I
rro3naro, coxparmT .TIH on KO Mne .n:py)l<eJIIo6ne, a
ecJIH Bbri1.n:y, 5I ne eMory yrrpaBJI5lTb cBoeH: crpa-
noH. c Toll: cBo6o.n:oi1: H na.n:e)l<HOCTbiO, KaKHe 5I
HMeJia ,l(O CHX ITOp»-.


~
KopoAeBa H CoseT
~
l:'l~====~JI!
TaK ona neorrpe.n:eJiemiO KOJie6aJracb Me)!(.n:y co-
I030M c <l>pamu1ei1: 11 6paKoM c ¢panuy30M, .n:o rrpe-
.n:eJia HCIIbiTbiBa5I TeprrenHe BaJibCHHraMa:
<<Kor.n:a Ee BeJIHqecTBO BbiHY)!<.n:aroT K 6pa-
KY, Tor.n:a Ka)!(eTC}l, qTo ona rrpe.n:rroqHTaeT coro3,
a Kor.n:a B03HHKaeT corJiacHe na coro3, Tor.n:a ona
cKJIOH}leTC}l B IIOJib3Y 3aMy)!(eCTBa. A Kor.n:a rroc-
Jie ::noro OT nee XOT}IT, qTo6br ona corJiaCHJiacb
Ha 6paK, TOr,Ua OHa B03BpamaeTC}l K COI03y; KOr-
,ua BbiCKa3biBaeTC}l MHeHHe B IIOJib3Y COI03a l1Jil1
B03HHKaiOT rrpocb6br o .n:enbfax, Tor.n:a Ee BeJIH-
qecTBO cnoBa .n:yMaeT o 6paKe~ 18 •
3MOUHOHaJibHO (no Kpai1:nei1: Mepe) EJIH3aBeTa
OCTbiJia K 6paKy, HO rreperOBOpbi rrpO,UOJI)!(aJIHCb B
Ha,Ue)!(,Ue Ha ,Ul1IIJIOMaTJ1qecKyiO Bbiro,uy - OC06eHHO
na HCIIOJib30Barme AJiancmra rrpoTHB McrraHHH B HH-
.n:epJian.n:ax. O.n:naKo qJieHbi Tai1:noro coBeTa eme ne
6biJil1 yBepeHbi: MO)!(eT, OHa Bee )!(e IIOIIbiTaeTC}l BbiH-
TH 3aMy)!(. 17 HO}l6p}l 1581 r. EJIH3aBeTa u A.rrancon
o6MeH}IJil1Cb KOJibUaMH l1 06b}1Bl1Jil1 0 CBOeH IIOMOJIB-
Ke. QqeBH,UHO, KOpOJieBa rrpHIIIJia K BbiBO.UY, qTO rep-
uor ne ye.n:eT H3 AnrJIHH, ecJIH ona He rroo6emaeT
BbiHTH 3a nero 3aMy)!(, XOT}l 6br ,UJI}l Toro, qTo6br co-
xpaHHTb JIHUO. Ho JleCTep 11 XaTTOH peiiiHJIH rro.n:-
cTpaxoBaTbC}l 11 rro.n:roBopHJIH KaMep-.n:aM Ee BeJIH-
1-JecTBa, qTo6hr OHH rrJiaKaJIII 11 pbr,uaJIH, paccKa3hiBa}l
KopoJieBe o6 y)!(acax 3aMy)!<ecTBa, .n:a6br 3arryraTb ee
Ha CJiyqa}i, eCJIH OIIa ,UeHCTBHTeJibHO co6paJiaCb 3a-
My)!(.
IT poeKT 6paKa c AiranconoM 6brJI .n:eliCTBHTeJibi-IO
rroxoponcn B Konue 1581 r., XOT}l rroTpe6onaJIOCb eme
TPH Mec.Hua, l-IT06ui BurcTamrTb rcpuora H3 cTpanbr.


~ EAHJaBeTa I AHr.hHHCKa.R
~
l'l~====A)Tjll
CaM AJiaHCOH yMep B 1584 r., Kor,n:a EJIH3aBeTe 6biJI
S1 ro.n; H Ha.n;e)KJJ:bi Ha pe6eHKa y)Ke He 6biJIO: OHa
nJiaKaJia, Ha.n;eJia Tpayp H na3biBaJia ce65I ~B.UOBOH~.
B Kai<oi1-To rrepHo.n; B 1579 r. OHa .n;eiicTBHTeJibHO xo-
TeJia Bnii1:nr 3a nero 3aMy)K: oHa BnJieJia ero MHHH-
anopHbiH nopTpeT B CBOH MOJIHTBeHHHK l1 6biJia BJII06-
JieHa no I<pai1:Hei1: Mepe B H.Ueio JII06BH. Ho ee nJiaHbi
HaTOJIKHYJIHCb Ha npOTliBO/{eHCTBHe Be.n;ymei1: npoTeC-
TaHTCKOH napTHU B CoBeTe, KOTOpa5! HCTIOJib30BaJia
MHeHHe npOTeCTaHTOB KaK opy)KHe, 1JT06bi 3anyraTb
KopoJieBy. JiecTep He .n;onycTHJI 6paKa c AJiaHCOHOM B
1579 r. TaK )Ke, KaK CecHJI He .n;onycTHJI 6paKa c
.lla.n;JIH B 1560-61 rr. CaMbie BepHbie npHBep)KeH~bi
npoTeCTaHTH3Ma He XOTeJIH, 1JT06bi HHl{epJiaH/{CKa5!
npo6JieMa 6biJia perneHa npH noMOIUH 6paKa c noc-
JIYlliHbiM 4JpaH~Y3CI<HM npHH~eM, OHH )KeJiaJIH np5I-
M0f0 aHrJIHHCKOfO BMelllaTeJibCTBa B 3aiUHTY npoTeC-
TaHTH3Ma.
CaMa5! .n;oJirM cxBaTKa EJIH3aBeTbi c ee CoBeTOM
npOI130lliJia H3-3a aHrJIHHCKHX BOeHHbiX l{eHCTBHH B
Hn.n;epJiaH.n;ax. 3TOT BOTipOC 6biJI fJiaBHbiM B ee OTHO-
rneliH5IX c qJieHaMH CoBeTa c 157 6 r., Kor.ua JiecTep
BnepBbie rrpe.n;JIO)KHJI TIOCJiaTb BOHCKa, /{0 1585 r., KOr-
.n;a EJIH3aBeTa, HaKone~, ycTynHJia. TipoTecTaHTCKHe
JIH.n;epbi B CoBeTe - JiecTep, BaJibCHHraM, HoyJIJI3,
Mai1:JI.n;Mei1: H 6oJiee ocTopO)ICHO EepJIH .:.__
HMeJIH o6-
IUYID TO"l!KY 3peHH5I Ha BHelUHIOIO TIOJIHTHKY. 0HH C"l!H-
TaJIH, "l!TO cl>paH~H5I l1 J1cnaHH5I CfOBOpHJIHCb C na-
HOH o6 yHH"l!TO)KeHHH npoTecTaHTH3Ma, H KaK 6hi Te
HU TIOCTynaJIH, HX /{eHCTBUe paCCMaTpHBaJIOCb KaK mar
B HanpaBJieHHH 3TOrO rpaH/{U03HOfO 3aMbiCJia. ,llJI5I
BaJihCUHraMa KaTOJIH"l!ecKne rocy.n;apcTBa 6biJIH HenpH-
MHpHMbiMH BparaMH, H He 6biJIO IIHKaKOfO CMhiCJia
llpHXO,ll;HTb C HHMH K COfJiallleHHIO - Kar< OH B 1578 f.


~========K=o=p=o=~=e=B=a==H==C=o=B=e=T=======~
n11caJI, ~eCJIH I<To-mr6y,n:h ,n:yMaeT, "<ITO II03HUH11 Ee
BeJI11qecTBa MO)f<HO yKpen11Tb, o6ecne"<InB npHMHpe-
H11e Me)K,n:y Ee BeJIWieCTBOM II HMH, a 5I 3HaiO, '-ITO
Koe-KTo 6biJI YBJiel.feH Tai<HMH rrpe,n:cTaBJienl1.HMH, -
OHH OKa)KyTC.H HHHL(HaTopaMH 0'-ICHb OIIaCHbiX 11 ne-
pa3yMHbiX COBeTOB, OCHOBbiBa5I 6e30ITaCHOCTb na TOM,
"<ITO Bpar CM1Ip11JIC.H>> 19 . HeB03MO)KH0 6bJJIO IIOCTpo-
HTb HHKaKOH 6e30ITaCHOCTH na COfJialliCHH.HX, KOTO-
pblC EJIH3aBeTa HCKaJia c c:DpaHuHeH: H McrranueH::
HY)KHO 6hiJIO TOJibKO HX nopa)KeHHe OT IT poTecTaHT-
cKoro COI03a - l1 CJIC,l(OBaJIO 3alli.HIUaTb COI03HHKOB-
IIpOTCCTaHTOB.
EJIH3aBeTa OTKa3aJiacb OT o¢HuHaJibHoro anrJIHH-
cKoro BOCHl!OfO BMelliaTeJibCTBa, l.fT06bi IIOMOl.fb rOJI-
JiaH,n:CKHM npOTCCTaHTaM (XOT.H, "<ITO ,l(JI.H HCC xapaK-
TepHO, OHa pa3pelliHJia cpa)KaTbC.R aHrJIHHCKI1M ,n:o-
6pOBOJibUaM), l1 ccy,l(HJia fOJIJiaH,n:UaM ,l(CHer, KOTO-
pbiX 6bJJIO ,LJ.OCTaTOl.fHO, qT06bJ npe,n:OTBpaTHTb HX IIO-
pa)KeHHC. Ho K 1585 r. ee rroJIHTHI<a pa3BaJIHBaJiach.
AJiaHCOH, IIOMOfaBIIlHH fOJIJiaH,n:CKHM IIOBCTaHL(aM,
yMep, H ¢pauuy3cKa.R KapTa BbiWJia 113 Hrpbi. BHJib-
reJibM MoJiqaJIHBbiH, rrpe,n:Bo,n:HTCJib rOJIJiau,n:ueB, 6hiJI
y6HT, AnTBepneH 3axBal.feH HcnaHcKHMH BOHCKal\m, H
¢paHUY3CKa.R KaTOJIHqecKa.R JIHra BCTYIIHJia B COI03 c
HCITaHCK11M KOpOJICM. 3alli.HTHbie JIHHHH AHrJIHH, fOJI-
JiaH,LJ.CKHC l1 cppaHUY3CKHe rrpOTeCTaHTbl, Ka3aJIOCb, BOT-
BOT 6y,n:yT CJIOMJICHbi. B npHHU11ne, Taii:HbiH coseT
corJiaCHJIC.R rrocJiaTb BOHCKa B HH,LI.epJiaH,n:hi B OI<T.R6-
pe 1584 r., HeCMOTp.R Ha conponmJiei-me Eep;m. Ho
EJIH3aBeTy He MOrJIH yroBopHTb Ha c,n:eJIKY c roJIJiaH-
.n:uaMH ,no aBrycTa 1585 r., H TOJibKO B cepe,n:HHe .n:e-
Ka6p.R OHa pa3pClliHJia CBOCMY rJiaBHOKOMaHtJ:YIOll{C-
MY JlecTcpy BbiCTYHHTb II3 fapBIIqa. HaKoueu, nocJie
HCCKOJibKHX JICT Ha)KHMa, IIpOTCCTaHTCKHC cpanaTHKl1


~ E;nf3aBeTa I AHr.I\.HHCKa.sr
~
l'l~=====~~
B CoaeTe .n:o6MJIMCb caoero: OHM MCIIOJib30BaJIM B Ka-
qecTBe IIOCJIOB CBOMX areHTOB M TaKMM o6pa3aM MOf-
JIM KOHTpOIIMpOBaTb IIOTOK MHcpOpMaU:MM K KOpOJieBe;
OHM BCTyrraJIM B Taihlble CJJ;eJIKM C MHOCTpaHHbiMM
rrpoTeCTaHTCKMMM BO)KJJ;5IMM M COBeTOBaJIM MM, KaK Jiyq-
rne IIO.l{OHTM K KOpOJieBe, OHM He rrepeCTaBaJIM o6-
CTpeJIMBaTb ee rrporpeCCMBHbiMM COBeTaMM M KpMTM-
KOBaTh ee OCTOpO)KHOCTb.
CTOMT paccMoTpeTb, KaK )Ke EJIM3aBeTe y,n:aJIOCb
TaK ,n:oJiro npoTMBOCTO.HTb ,n:aBJieHMIO CoaeTa M KaK
OHa yxMTpMJiaCb rrpOBO,UMTb CBOIO co6CTBeHHYIO IIO-
JIMTMKY aorrpeKM orrrro3MU:MM 6oJiblliMHCTBa. MaJio .n:o-
Ka3aTb, qTQ OHa 6biJia I<OpOJieBOH M ,n:o6MBaJiaCb CBOe-
ro, M60 B HeCKOJibi<MX CJiyqa.HX ee 3aCTaBMJIM ,n:eH-
CTBOBaTb rrpOTMB C06CTBeHHOH BOJIH. Ei1: He06XO,UHMO
6biJIO YXHTp.HTbC.H ,n:ep)KaTb CBOHX Be.UyiUHX COBeTHH-
KOB Ha .l{OCTaToqHQM paCCTO.HHHH OT ce6.H, pa3ra,Ubi-
BaTb H COIIpOTHBJI5ITbC5I HX MaHHIIYJI.HU:H.HM, o6ecrre-
qHBaTb ce6e ,n:pyrHe HCTQqHHKH COBCTa H HHcpOpMa-
U:HH H 3acTaBJI.HTb HX BbiiiOJIH.HTb ee BOJIIO. Kopoqe,
eCJIH COBCTHHKH CTapaJIHCb yrrpaBJI.HTb EJIH3aBCTOH,
eM IIpHXO,UHJIOCb yrrpaBJI.HTb HMH. JtiHOf,Ua OHa IlbiTa-
JiaCb 3TO ,n:eJiaTb, rrpHHHMa.H yqaCTHC B HX pa3MbiiiiJIC-
HH5IX. B rrepBbiH MCC.HU: CBOero rrpaBJICHH.H: HJIH OKOJIO
TOfO OHa rrpHCYTCTBOBaJia IIQqTH Ha BCeX co6paHH.H:X
COBCTa, HO BIIOCJIC,UCTBHH rrpHXO,UHJia JIHllib pe,n:KO H
C OC06biMH U:CJI.HMH. 17 HIOJI.H 1562 f. OHa IIOCCTHJia
crreu:HaJibHO C03BaHHOe coaern:aHHe, qTo6bi o6cy,n:HTb
IIO,UfOTOBKY K BOHHe C <DpaHU:HCH - MO)KeT 6biTb IIO-
TOMy, qTo Po6epT .ll:a.n:JIH, ocHoanoi1: rro6opHHK aoi1:-
Hbi, eme He 6biJI qJieHoM CoaeTa H KopoJieaa caMa
HacTaHBaJia Ha rroJIHTHKe BOHHbi B rrpoTMBoaec HeKo-
Topo:H OIIII03HU:HH CoBeTa. 12 OKT.H6p.H 1566 f. OHa
rroceTMJia co6patme c u:eJibiO rroMernaTb coaeTHMKaM


~
KopoAesa 11 CoBeT
~
J:'l~====~JII
J1CITOJib30BaTb rrapJiaMeHT, l.J:T06bi ITO,l{TOJIKHYTb ee K
pemeHHIO BOIIpoca 0 3aMy)KeCTBe HJIII pa3b5ICHCHJ1IO
norrpoca o HacJie,n:HHKe. B Mae 1568 r. EJm3aBeTa co-
3BaJia 11 rroceTHJia ,n:na KpuTwrecKHX conew:aHmi c o6-
cy>K,n:eHHeM 6ercTBa Map1111 CTIOapT B AHrJIIIIO, nepo-
5ITHO, ,n:JI5I Toro, 1:1To6bi CM5Irl:IHTb npa>I<,n:e6noCTb Co-
BeTa K Map1111.
EJIH3aBeTe rrpmiiJIOCb BCTpel:laTbC5I co CBOHM Co-
BeTOM B l.(eJIOM HeCKOJibKO pa3 B orraCHbie ,l{Hll 1569-
1570 rr. Ona npHcyTCTBoBaJia na conew:aHHH 29 an-
peJI5I 1570 r. npH o6cy>K,n:eHHH B3aHMOCB5I3aHIIbiX rrpo-
6JieM Hacl:leT Map1111, IlloTJiaH,n:HH, aHrJIHHCKHX KaTo-
JIHKOB 11 yrpo3bi co cTopoHbi cDpaHUHH 11 McnaHHH.
0Ha, no BCeH Bepo5ITHOCTH, CKa3aJia COBeTHHKaM, ':ITO
~y nee caMoii neT onpe,n:eJieHHoro perneHH5I, 11 oHa
CHal:laJia BbiCJiyiiiaeT HX COBeTbl, a y>Ke nOTOM H36e-
peT TO, ':ITO, no ee MHeHHIO, 60Jibiiie BCero COOTBeT-
CTByeT ee 1:1ecTH~ 20 • .ll:yMaTb o ToM, ':ITO EJIH3aBeTa
cnpaiiiHBaJia COBeTOB H CnOKOHHO HX BbiCJIYIIIHBaJia,
,l{OBOJibHO CTpaHHO, ll HeT CBH,l{eTeJibCTB, ':ITO OHa ew:e
KOr,n:a-HH6y,n:b noCTynHJia TaK >Ke. C!>aKTHl:leCKH, Bee
ee paccJie,n:onaHHe o6napy>KHJio JIHIIIb pa3HorJiacmr B
TaM:noM coneTe Me>K.n:y TeMH (no r Jiane c CecHJIOM 11
o3KOHOM), KTO BbiCKa3biBaJIC5I 3a arpeccHBHyio noJIH-
THKY npecJie,n:onaHH5I KaToJIHKOB BHYTPH cTpaHbi 11
COI03 C npoTeCTaHTaMH 3a rpaHm.J;eH, ll TeMH (pyKOBO-
,l{HMbiMH Apyn,n:eJIOM H, Ha TOT MOMeHT, JleCTepoM),
KTo npe,n:JiaraJI npHMHpenHe c Map11eii 11 c <Dpan-
UHeii, a B03MO>KHO, ll C aHrJIHHCKI1Mll KaTOJIHKaMH.
CaMa EJIH3aBeTa, noxo)Ke, npe.n:rrol:IHTaJia BTopyiO
CTpaTermo 11 BCKope npe,n:CTaBHJia ce65I B I<al:leCTBe
B03MO>KHOll HCBCCTbi cppaHIJ;Y3CKOfO IIpUHI{a: OHa, Be-
p05ITHO, rrpmrrJia na 3ace,n:aHHe CoBeTa, 1:1To6bi rro.n:-
.n:cp>KaTb I10311IJ;HIO MCHbllillliCTBa.


B nepBbiH nepHo,n: CBoero npaBJieHH.H KopoJieBa
C03biBaJia K ce6e CoBeT ,n:JI.H BeCbMa cneu;uaJibHbiX .n:e-
6aTOB, li ,n:eJiaJia OHa 3TO B OCHOBHOM TOr,n:a, KOr,n:a ee
C06CTBeHHbiH B3l'Jl5I.ll: pas,n:eJI5IJ10 MeHblllliHCTBO, KOTO-
poMy uy)l<Ha 6biJia ee no.n:.n:ep)l(Ka. Yliacnie B .n:ucKyc-
CH.HX 6biJIO 3,n:paBbiM nOJiliTHl·IeCKliM pelllCHHeM; .3TO
MelllaJio ee CoBeTy npn:ii:TH K corJiacmo H ,n:aTb e:ii:
OcpliiJ;HaJibHbie peKOMeH,n:aiJ;I-Ili, KOr,n:a OHa 3aBe,n:OMO
snaJia, liTO OTBeprneT HX. llos)Ke EJIH3aBeTa .n:ocTHra-
Jia TOH )Ke CaMOH u;eJIH, li30JIHpy.H ce6.H OT CBOero
CoBeTa, oco6euuo no noBo,n:y TaKnx cnopHbiX npo-
6JieM, KaK noJIHTHKa B HH,n:epJian.n:ax. B 1578 r. Jiec-
Tep )KaJioBaJic.H: ~HalllH coBem:ainm c Ee BeJiwieCT-
BOM pe,n:KH li He3HaliHTeJibHbi~, li OUa COXpaH.HJia CBOIO
noJIHTHliecKyiO ,n:HCTaHIJ;HIO. B anpeJie 1586 r. JiecTep
KaK KOMan,n:yiOJ.JJ:HH apMHe:ii: B HH,n:epJiaH,n:ax )KaJio-
BaJic.H, liTO Ta:ii:HbiH coBeT eMy pe,n:Ko nHllleT. BaJib-
CHHraM OTBeliaJI OT HMeHH CoBeTa: ~3To npaB,n:a, TaK
KaK Ee BeJIHlieCTBO He coo6m:aeT HHliero o HanpaBJie-
HHH IJ;eJieH B TOH CTpaHe M 0 TeX COBeTaX, KOTOpbie
OHa TaHKOM noJiyliaeT; OHM He 3HaiOT, liTO HanHCaTb
liJIH nOCOBeTOBaTb>>21
• EJIH3aBeTa OTKa3biBaJiaCb HMeTb
,n:eJIO CO CBOHM CoBeTOM B u;eJIOM M o6cy)K,n:aJia nOJIH-
THKY TOJibKO c OT,n:eJibHbiMH JIHIJ;aMH HJIH MeJIKHMH
rpynnaMH.
EJIH3aBeTa Bcer.n:a npe.n:noliHTaJia BCTpeliaTbC.H co
CBOHMH MHHHCTpaMH nOO.ll:HHOliKe HJIH no ,n:Ba M no
TpH. B nOCJie,n:HHe l'O.ll:bl CBOero npaBJieHH.H (H, Bepo-
5ITHO, ropas.n:o paHbllle TO)Ke) oua o6biliHO BCTpelia-
Jiacb OT,n:eJibHO C H30paHHbiMH COBeTHHKaMH, ,n:eJiaJia
3aMel.faHH5I llO HX npe,n:JIO)l(CHH.HM, a 3aTeM C03biEaJia
HX BMeCTe MaJieHbKOH rpynno:ii:, liT06bi em:e pa3 o6cy-
.ll:HTb npo6JieMy BMeCTe: OHa I1MeJia 06blKHOBeHHe npe-
pbiBaTb HX M no.n:sepraTb nepeKpecTHOMY .n:onpocy,


~
KopoAeBa H CoBeT
~
l:'l~====A>rJil
l1CilOJib3Y5I CBOH 3aMeTim, qT06bi IlOilbiTaTbC5I IlOHMaTb
Ha qeM-TO qJieHoB CoBeTa. KopoJieBa qaCTo .n:eil:cTBO-
BaJia qepe3 BHyTpeHHHH Kpyr COBeTHHKOB, l1 (oco6eH-
HO B rrepBbie fO.UbJ) OHH He BCer.n:a 6biJIH qJieHaMH
CoBeTa. BecHoil: 1559 r. ncrraHCKl1H rrocoJI .n:yMaJI, qTQ
EJIH3aBeTa rrpaBHT cTpano:H rrpn rroMOW:H CecnJia,
D3KOHa, llappn n Po6epTa .lla.n:JIH. .lla.n:JIH ern:e ne
6biJI qJieHOM Tall:Horo coBeTa, n o.n:HoBpeMeHHO EJIH-
3aBeTa TaK)Ke COBeTOBaJiaCb C JIOp.UOM lla.n:)KeTOM -
XOT5I OHa BbiBeJia ero H3 CoBeTa rrpH CBOCM BOCIIIeCT-
BHH Ha rrpeCTOJI. 3TO .n:aeT OCHOBaHH5I rrpe.n:rrOJIO)KHTb,
qTQ KOpOJieBa He BCer.n:a MOrJia Ha3HaqaTb qJieHaMH
CoBeTa Tex, Koro xoTeJia: ee co6cTBeHHbie COMHHTeJib-
Hbie OTHOIIICHI15I C .l(a.UJIH l1 HerrorryJI5IpHOCTb lla.n:)Ke-
Ta cpe.n:n IlpOTeCTaHTOB HCCKOJibKO 3aiT5ITHaJII1 6bi 6JieCK
noBo:H BJiacTn.
Bo3MO)KHO, Emr3aBeTa 11 He 6hiJia CBo6o.n:na B
Bbi6ope qJieHOB CoBeTa, HO OHa MorJia peiiiaTb, c
KCM COBCTOBaTbC5I H KOMY .UOBCp5ITb. OceHbiO 1559
r., KOr.n:a CeCHJI HaCTaHBaJI Ha BOCHHOM BMeiiiaTeJib-
CTBC B lliOTJiaH.UHH, KOpOJieBa orpaHYJ.q:YIJia CBOH KOH-
cyJihTaiJ;HH. CecHJI coo6rn:aJI: ~B 3TH .n:eJia KopoJieBa
IlOCB5IW:aeT JIHillb HCMHOfHX: rpacpa lleM6pyKa, an:-
MHpaJia, Ka3Haqe5I l1 HeKOTOpbiX .n:pyrnx~ 22 . 0CTO-
p0)KHQCTb EJIH3aBeTbi HMeJia ITO.U C060H OCHOBaHH5I,
1160, Kor.n:a corJiacoBaHHa5I rroJIHTHKa 6biJia rrpe.n:Jio-
)KeHa BCeMy CoBeTy, B03HHKJIO CHJibHoe rrpoTHBO-
.n:e:HcTBHe - HO CecnJI n ero CTOpOHHHKH .n:o6HJIHCb
CBoero. B Hat.IaJie 1560-x rr. BHyTpeHHHH Kpyr rrpa-
BHTeJibCTBa BKJIIOqaJI CecriJia, D::JKOHa 11 .lla.n:mf, Kpo-
Me Toro, lleM6pyK n KJmHTOH rrpHBJieKamfCb rrpH
perneHHH BOCHHbiX BOilpOCOB, a BHHqeCTep - cpH-
HaHCOBbiX. Ho cTa6MJibHOCTb u;eHTpaJibHOli: rpyrrrrbi
6biJia HapyrneHa OCTpbiM paCKOJIOM C 1565 r., XOT5I


opraiii130Bai-IIiOe COTpy,UIIHcieCTBO CHOBa CTaJIO B03-
MOiKHbiM nocJie 1572 r. ITocJie ::noro EepJIH, Jiecrep
H BaJII>CHnraM o6pa30BI>maJIH cep,ZJ,l(eBHHY ,ZJ,O 1589 r.,
I<Or,ZJ,a 6hrCTpo B03poc;w BJIH.mme Xarrmra, a caMa
I<opoJieBa "'!aero coneroBaJracb c Cyccei<COM. Hr-rre-
penro, "<ITO Emt3anera ne BI>r6npaJia 6JIH)Kai1umx co-
BeTHHKOM H3 TCX, KTO pa3,ZJ,CJI5IJI ee B3fJI5:I,lJ,bi: OHa
roll:aJI.ur cnopHJia c EepJIH o TOM, "<ITO ,neJiaTb c Ma-
pHeii: Crroapr, a c JiecrepoM H BaJibCHHraMOM no
noBo,ny 1-:IH,ZJ,epJiaH,ZJ,OB. XaTTon no BHyrpeHHI1M ,ZJ,e-
JiaM, a CycceKc no MC/K,ZJ,ynapO.lJ.HbiM 6biJIH B KaKoii:-
TO MCpe npOTHBOBCCOM BOHHCTBYIOII.J;CH npOTCCTaiiTC-
KOH JIHHHH. KopoJieBa crapaJiacb coxpaHHTb pamro-
necHe MHCHHH cpC,ll,H CBOHX COBCTHHI<OB H B TaHHOM
COBCTe. JrlHOf,ZJ,a OHa na3Ha"'!aJia COBCTHHI<OB I<OHTpaCT-
HbiM11 napaMH: ,lla,ZJ,JIH :11 HopcpoJII< B OKT5I6pe 1562 r.;
Ca,ZJ,Jiep :11 Kpoqn B OI<T5I6pe 1566, BHJibcon :11 Xanc-
,ZJ,OH B H05I6pe 1577 - I<a/K,ZJ,biH pa3 nporecraHT-
3HTY3Hacr ypaBHOBClli11BaJIC5I 6oJiee OCTOpO)KHbiM
l1 KOHCepBaTHBHbiM ITOJI11T11KOM. Ho K cepe,ZJ,HHC
1580-x rr., oco6eHHO nocJie cMepTH CycceKca B
1583 r., TOH CoBeTa cra;r 5IBHO nporecraHTCKHM :11 na
KOpOJieBy OI<a3biBaJIOCb ,ZJ,aBJieHHC, "'IT06bi OHa BMe-
lllaJiaCb B cHryal(HIO B HH,ZJ,epJiaH,ZJ,ax :11 Ka3HHJia Ma-
pmo. 0Ha no o6o11M BonpocaM c,ZJ,aJiacb, HO ITbiTa-
Jiacb coJ,ZJ,aTb ce6e 6oJiblliCC npocrpaHCTBO ,ZJ,JI5I Ma-
HeBpa, Ha3Ha"'!HB B HacraJie 1583 f. MCHCC BOHHCTBeH-
HbiX Eai<xepcra, Ko6eMa H YHTrH<Pra. HHrpHryro-
rn;a.H noJnl(H5I c3pa .ll)I<eMca Kpo<Pra Ka/KeTC5I oco-
6emw noKa3aTeJII>rror1. HecMOTp5I Ha ero npe,ZJ,I>r,ZJ,y-
rnyro ,ZJ,e5ITCJibHOCTb, np11 E1m3anere OH 6I>IJI npmrc-
naHCKHM KOHCepBaTOpOI\1, 11 K 1580-M ff. HaCTOJibi<O
BJie3 B ,ZJ,OJif11, "'ITO npo,ZJ,aBaJI fOCyll.apCTBCHI·IbiC CCK-
pCTbi HcrrancKOI'IY nocJry. Ho OII 6r>IJI noJreJen ,ZJ,JI5J


~
KopoAeaa l.f CoseT
~
l:'l~====~jll
rrpone.aem,ui rroJIHTI1<JecKoil JII1HI1I1 E;m3aBeTbi OTHO-
CHTeJibiiO HcrraHI1II, TaK KaK HI1Kor.n:a OTKpbiTO
He BbiCKa3biBaJIC5I B IIOJib3Y BOeHHbiX ,l{eHCTBHH. B
1585 r., Koma JlecTep IIIeJI co cnoei1: apMHeii (I1JII1,
t.ITO TOT·mee, cJie.aonaJI 3a neil) B Hn.aepJiaH,[(bi, y
Kpoqna 6biJI areHT, KOTOphiH BeJI rreperonopbi c ITap-
MOH, I1CITaHCKI1M ry6epnaTopoM. B 1588 r., Kor.n:a
ApMa.n:a y)l(e BbiCTYITI1Jia 113 Hcrrm-m11, KpocpT Ha-
rrp5IMYIO BeJI neperonopbi c ITapMOH B HI1.n:epJiaH-
.n:ax -
XOT5I OH fOBOpi1JI TOJibKO ITO-aHrJII1MCKI1 I1
HerrpaBHJibHO rroH5IJI, KaKI1e ycJIOBI1-H ITapMa rrpe.n:-
JiaraJI. KpocpT ocTaJic.H B
.n:ypaKax, no BaJibCI1HraM
CT.JI1TaJI ero TeM, KTO OKa3biBaeT cepbe3noe, 11 rrp11
3TOM OITaCHOe, BJII1RJ-II1e Ha KOpOJieBy.
EJIII3aBeTa flbiTaJiaCb I130JII1pOBaTb ce65I OT ITOJII1-
TI1T.JeCKOfO .n:anJieHI15I, I136era5:r BCTpeT.J c ConeTOM B
ITOJIHOM COCTaBe. 0Ha COBeTOBaJiaCb C ero T.JJieHaMI1
I1H,[(I1BI1,[(yaJibHO I1 ITpi11-II1MaJia BO BHI1MaHI1e MHeHI15I
I1ncpopMI1ponaHHbiX JIIO,Ue:i1:, ne BXO.D:5lllll1X B ConeT.
0Ha T.JacTo rro.n:oJiry, 11 I1Hor.n:a Hae,[(I1He, 6ece.n:onaJia c
I1HOCTpaHHbiMI1 ITOCJiaMI1, l.JT06bi o6ecrreT.JI1Tb ce6e ,Upy-
fl1e I1CTOt.IHI1KI1 I1HcpopMaUI1I1 11 I1,[(e:i1:. Ona ITbiTaJiacb
3allll1TI1Tb ce65I OT Heiipi15ITHbiX COBeTOB, CITOC06CTBY5I
pa3HOrJiaCI15IM cpe.n:11 T.JJieHoB ConeTa 11 rrpoBOUI1PY5I
I1X Ha COCT5I3aHH5I pa,n;I1 ee Harpa,n;. MI1JIOCTb HJII1 He-
MI1JIOCTb EJII13aBeTbi Bbi3biBaJia copeBHOBai-me cpe.n:11
T.JJieHOB ConeTa, H3-3a 3Toro 11M Tpy.n:nee 6biJIO crrJia-
T.JHBaTbC5I 11 BJII15ITb Ha KopoJieBy. BaJibCI1HraM 11 Eep-
JII1 rroB3.UOPHJIH B HaT.JaJie 1585 r., Kor.n:a BaJibCI1HraM
rrorrpOCI1JI y KOpOJieBbl yT.JaCTOK TaMO)l(eiiHOM CJIY)K-
6bi, a EepJIH KaK 6y.n:To 6hiJI rrpOTI1B: nacKOJibKO Ba)l(-
na 6biJia 3Ta 6opb6a, nn.n:no no ee pe3yJibTaTy, 1160
Kor.n:a BaJibcnnraM rroJiyT.JnJI apen.n:y, ona rrp11necJia
eMy 3500 cl)YHTOB ro.n:onoro .n:oxo.n:a. B 1586 r. Jlec-


~=====E=~=.H=3=a=B=e=T=a==I=A==H=rA=H==H=C=K=aR=====~
Tep H BaJibcrmraM, o6bi'IHO noJIHTifqecKHe coi03HH-
Kl1, neJIH )KapKHH cnop, TaK KaK JiecTep no.n;o3penaJI,
'ITO CeKpeTapb BbiCTynaJI npOTYIB ero npHT5!3aHHH Ha
KOpOJieBCKHe apeH.lJ:bl: ~BmKy, 'ITO y BCeX eCTb .n;py3MI,
TOJibKO He y MeiUI,
-
C rope'IbiO TIHCaJI 01-1.
-
)I
nmKy, KaK caMbie 6ec"Y:eCTHbie npe.n;JIO)KCH¥15! .n;pyrYix
JIIO.ll:eif TIOMOfaiOT HM, a MOll OTKpbiTbiC, 'ICCTHbiC .ll:C5!-
HY15! He MoryT 3aiiJ;HTHTb MCH5I. Ynbi, Mo:H 3eMHoif noK-
ponHTCJib no.n:no.n;HT MeH5!:? 23 . ll:a)Ke TPHYMBHpaT, Ha
KOTOpbr:H EJIYI3aneTa 60Jibiiie ncero Ha.n;eRJiacb, pacKa-
JibiBaJIC5! H3-3a TIO.lJ:06HbiX KOH<pJIYIKTOB - If 3TO 6biJIO
KOpOJICBC TOJibKO Ha pyKy.
BcnbiiiiKH rHeBa EJIYI3aBeTbi, a npeMR OT npeMe-
I-m 11 6yifcTBO, HaTIOMHHaJIO MYIHYICTpaM, 'ITO ee MH-
JIOCTb o6ycJIOBJieHa. 0Ha B RpOCTH 3aJIBJI5IJia, 'ITO
~YKOpOTYIT Ha fOJIOBY:? CBOYIX COBCTHYIKOB If 'ITO ~YIX
HOfll OKa)KyTC5! B KOJIO.lJ:KaX:?. HopcpOJIK If 3cceKC
6biJIH Ka3HeHbi; )]:eifBHCOH H KpocpT nonaJIH B TIOpb-
My; ApyH.n;eJI H TieM6pyK Haxo.n;YIJIHCb no.n: ,n;oMaiii-
HHM apecToM. Kopo11ena IIIBbipHyJia TycpJIIO B BaJib-
cimraMa, .n;a11a noiiJ;e'IHHY 3cceKcy H ycTpaYIBaJia Jiec-
Tepy 6eCKOHC'!HbiC pa3HOCbi. Y Hee 6biJia BTIOJIHC 3a-
CJIY)KCHHa5I penyTaU¥15! )KCHIIJ;YIHbi C OTBpaTHTeJibHbiM
xapaKTepoM, a ee rHeB Ha HenocJiyiiiHbiX ceHaTopoB,
HanycKHo:H HJIH HeT, 6biJI npe.n:ynpe)K.n;eHHeM nponm
pa3HOrJJacYiif. 0Ha 6biJia B RpocTH Ha n3KOHa B 1564 r.,
TIOTOMY 'ITO OI-l TaHHO TIO.lJ:.ll:ep)KaJI npeTCH3YIYI fpe5!
Ha HaCJie.n;oBai-me, OH 'IYTb He JIHllHIJIC5! CBOerO TIOCTa,
H ero IIIeCTb MeCRUeB He .n:onycKaJIH KO .n:nopy. Eep-
JIM, JiecTep H BaJibCHHraM - nee onH C'IHTaJIH, "LITO
npeMenaMH 6e3onacHee Haxo.n;YIThC5I no.n;aJibme OT .n;no-
pa, H B 1579 r. H JiecTepy, H BaJibCHHraMy 6biJIO
3anpeiiJ;eHo noRBJI5!TbC5! nepe.n: KopoJieno:H ( H, cJie,n:o-
BaTeJihHO, OHYI JII1IIIaJII1Cb ee TIOKpOBHTeJibCTBa) Ha


~
KopoAeBa H CoBeT
~
l'l~====~Jil
rrapy MeC.HUeB HS-Sa HX OIIIIOSHUHH K 6paKy C AJiaH-
COHOM. Te, KTO CB.HSbiBaJI CBOe 6JiarOCOCTO.HHHe C Mli-
JIOCT.HMH KOpOJieBbl, HH Sa 1JTO He ,l{OJI)l(Hbl 6niJIH Te-
p.HTb ee pacrroJIO)l(eHH.H, H no coo6pa)l(eHHe HaKJia-
.D:I>IBaJio orpaHH1JeHHe Ha cBo6o.n:y 1JJieHoB CoBeTa.
EJinsaBeTa cTapaJiacn, 1JT06ni 1JJieHI>I ConeTa ee 6o.H-
JIHCb, HO OHa yrrpaBJI.HJia HMH He TOJibKO IIpH IIOMOII(H
CTpaxa. Kor.n:a 5epmi sa6oJieBaJI, oHa rrocbiJiaJia K
HeMy CBOero npa11a, HaBell(aJia B ero ,l{OMe H KOpMHJia
cyrroM. Kor.n:a JiecTep ncrryraJic.H ee rHeBa, on rrpn-
TBOpHJIC.H 60Jil>HbiM, SHa.H, 1JTO OHa 6y,n:eT rrepe)l(HBaTb
H 6ecrrOKOHTbC.H H IIOCITeUIHT K IIOCTeJIH 60JibHOfO.
CBoe:i1: .HpocTbiO EJinsaBeTa BbiSbiBaJia y 1JJieHoB Co-
neTa CTpax, HO CBOHM BHHMaHHeM OHa BbiSbiBaJia y
HHX mo6oBI>. BcrrnmiKH KopoJieBcKoro rHeBa 6nmaJIH
.HpOCTHbiMH, HO CKOpO IIpOXO,l{HJIH. JlecTep IIHCaJI nep-
JIH B 1573 r.: ~Bos6Jiaro.n:apHM focrro.n:a sa To, 11TO ee
IIOpbiBbi He TaKOBbl, KaK 6ypH ,n:pyrHX MOHapXOB, XOT.H
HHOr,n:a OHM 6niBaiOT OC06eHIIO o6H.l{HbiMH ,l{JI.H TeX,
Koro oHa 6oJII>IIIe ncex JII06HT. Ka)l(,l{biH ,n:OJI)l(eH nos-
,n:aTb e:i1: sacJiy)KeHHOe, a oco6emm Te, KTO 6oJII>IIIe
Bcex e:i1: o6.HsaH~ 24 .
IIPI1MELJAHI15I I1 CCbiJIKI1
1. Thorp M R 1984 Catholic conspiracy in early
Elizabethan foreign policy, Sixteenth Century
]ournal15: 433
2. Read C 1955 Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen
Elizabeth. Cape, p. 419; Haynes S (ed.) 17 40 A
Collection of State Papers ... left by William
Cecil!. Bowyer, p. 471
~


3. Read C 1955 p. 394
4. Calendar of State Papers Spanish, 1558-67, p.
591; Wright T 1838 Queen Elizabeth and her
times (2 vols). Colburn, vol. 2 p. 452
5. De Maisse A H 1931 A journal of All That Was
Accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse. Nonsuch,
p. 3; Smith L B 1975 Elizabeth Tudor: portrait
of a queen. Hutchinson, p. 215
6. Thorp M R 1984: 438; Read C 1955 p. 357
7. Wilson D 1981 Sweet Robin: a biography of
Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester. Hamilton, p.
239, Read C 1960 Lord Burghley and Queen
Elizabeth. Cape, p. 195
8. Pulman M B 1971 The Elizabethan Privy Coun-
cil in the Fifteen-Seventies. California, p. 241
9. Read C 1960 p. 361
10. Smith L B 1975 p. 210
11. Read C 1925 Mr Secretary Walsingham and
the Policy of Queen Elizabeth (3 vols). Ox-
ford, vol. 2 pp. 128n-9n; Read C 1960 p. 145
12. ReadC1925vol.2p.87
13. Johnson P 1974 Elizabeth I: a study in power
and intellect. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p. 339
14. Harrison G B (ed.) 1938 The Elizabethan jour-
nals, 1591-1603 (3 vols). Routledge & Kegan
Paul, vol. 1 p. 284
15. Read C 1925 vol. 1 pp. 208-9, 256
16. ReadC1925vol.2p.87
17. Harington J 1804 Nugae Antiquae (2 vols).
Park T (ed.). Vernon & Hood, vol. I pp. 157-8;
Camden W 1675 The History of the Most Re-
nowned and Victorious Princess Elizabeth,
p. 270
18.ReadC1960p.226;ReadC1925vol.2p.75
~


~======K==op=o=A=e=s=a=H==C=o=s=eT==.====~
19. Read C 1925 vol. 1 p. 417
20. Read C 1960 p. 21
21. Williams PH 1979 The Tudor Regime. Oxford,
p. 32; Read C 1960 p. 329
22. Read C 1955 p. 156
23. Read C 1925 vol. 3 p. 166
24. Wilson D 1981 p. 216


rJIABA 5
KOPOAEBA H ABOP
Em13aseTa I 6biJia ¢paHT11xoii 11 OJJ:eBaJiacb, "L£T0-
6bi rropa311Tb HaMepTBO. 0Ha IIO.HBJI.HJiaCb rrepe.ll: CB0-
11M11 rrp11JJ:BOpHbiM11 B SJieraHTHbiX Hap.HJJ:ax 113 -qep-
Horo aTJiaca 11JI11 rryprrypHoro 6apxaTa, c rneJIKOM 11
rrap"l!OH B rrpope3.HX, C 11HKpycTai.J;11.HM11 113 30JIOTa 11
)l(eM"LJ:yra; oHa HaJJ:eBaJia 6oraTo yKparneHHbie JJ:pa-
rou;eHHbiM11 KaMH.HM11 KYJIOHbi, KOJibU:a 11 6pacJieTbi;
OHa HOC11Jia Bbiiii11Tbie rrep"L£aTK11 11 Beepa C yKparne-
H11.HM11. Orr11cb ee rapJJ:epo6a B 1600 r. rrepe"L£11CJI.H-
eT, IIOM11MO oqmu;11aJibHbiX rrapaJJ:HbiX Hap.HJJ:OB .li:JI.H
KopoHaU:1111, rrapJiaMeHTa, spy"L£eH11.H opJJ:eHa IIOJJ:B.H3-
K11 11 Tpaypa, 99 rrapaJJ:HbiX rrJiaTbeB, 102 ¢paHU:Y3-
CK11X IIJiaTb.H, 67 IIJiaTbeB J-Ia o6py-qax, 100 CB060JJ:-
HbiX IIJiaTbeB, 126 BepXH11X I060K, 96 IIJiaii.J;eH 11 26
seepos - BKJIIO"LJ:a.H ~OJJ:11H seep 113 6eJibiX rrepbeB,
c py"L£I<oii 113 30JioTa, BOKpyr KOTopoii BbiOTC.H JJ:Be
3Melf, OTJJ:eJiai-1!-IOH C KOHI.J;a rnapHKOM 113 6pHJIJilfaH-
TOB 11 C KOpOHOH Ha Ka:>KJJ:OH CTOpone, C rraporr
KpbiJibeB, yKpaiiieHHbiX 6pHJIJilfaJ-ITaM11~ (XOT.H ruec-
Tlf 6puJIJI11aHTOB He xsaTaJio!). KopoJieBa OJJ:eBa-
JiaCb TaK, "LJ:T06bi IIpOlf3BeCT11 BIIe"LJ:aTJieHlfe, lf OHa


Q)KI,f/laJia, '-ITO CIO 6ytl.YT BOCXI1IIJ:aTbC5I - tJ,a)Ke lfHO-
CTpaHUbl. B 1564 r. oHa BT5IHY;ra IIIOTJiaHt~,ci<oro
IIOCJia B Kanep3HYIO tl,IUIJIOMaTif'-!eCKyiO 6ecet~,y, tJ,O-
rrpallii1Ba5I ero no noBotJ.y cpaBHemm co6CTBeHHOH
I<pacoTbi c KpacoTOH: Mapi1I1 CTIOapT. 0Ha Bee 6oJib-
IIIe I1 60Jibllle Tep5IJia Tepnei-me, ITOCKOJibKY MeJI-
BlfJIJI lfCKYCHO 3aiiJ:I1IIJ:aJI KpacoTy CBOCH KOpOJieBbl
I1 rrpi1 3TOM He roBOpi1JI Hlf'-Iero He B rroJib3Y EJII13a-
BeTbi, rroKa, HaKoHeu, oHa peiiilfJia, '-ITO rroll:MaJia
ero - KOrtJ,a OH rrpi13HaJI, '-ITO Mapi15I Bbiiiie, EJII1-
3aBeTa C TOp)KeCTBOM OTBeTlfJia: ~TortJ,a OHa CJilflll-
I<OM BbiCOKa! 5I CaMa He CJilflllKOM BbiCOKa5I I1 He
CJilflllKOM MaJieHbKa5I! ~ 1 Ee ITOBetJ,elme He I13MeHI1-
JIOCb I1 B 1597 r., KOrtJ,a ell: 6biJIO 64 fOtJ,a: HOBbill
cppaHUY3CKI1H ITOCOJI 6biJI B 3aMeiiiaTeJibCTBe, KOrtJ,a
KopoJieBa rrpi1H5IJia ero B xaJiaTe I1 6e3 KOHUa ero
pacrraxlfBaJia, rroKa OH He t~,orat~,aJIC5I, '-ITO OT nero
Q)KlftJ,aJilf BOCXlfiiJ:eHHbiX B3fJI5Itl,OB CBepxy tl,OHI13Y.
J1 rrepet~, CBOI1MI1 rrpi1tl,BOpHbiMI1, I1 rrepet~, lfHOC-
TpaHHbiMlf canoBHI1KaMI1 EJII13aBeTa BbiCTaBJI5IJia ce65I
narroKa3 I1 KaK KopoJieBa, I1 KaK )KeHIIJ:lfHa. Ona lfr-
paJia o6e poJilf I1 CTapaJiacb I130 Bcex ClfJI. 3t~.MYHtl.
Cnencep B ~KopoJieBe ¢ell:~ rron5IJI 3TY tJ.BOHCTBeH-
nocTb I1 I13o6pa3I1JI ee KaK fJiopi1any, ~caMyiO uap-
CTBennyiO KOpOJieBy I1 ITOBeJII1TeJibHI1UY~, I1 KaK neJib-
6ecpy, ~t~.o6pot~,eTeJibHeHIIIYIO I1 rrpei<pacHeHIIIYIO
t~,aMy>>. PI1TyaJI I1 TOp)KeCTBeHHbie co6biTI15I rrpi1 tJ.BO-
pe CTpOI1JII1Cb BOKpyr KyJibTa EJII13aBeTbi B tJ.BYX po-
JI5Ix: OHa 6biJia I1 Bblllle tJ,BOpa, B Ka'-!eCTBe MOHapxa
rrpeTeHtJ.Y5I Ha BaccaJibHYIO rrpet~,aHHOCTb CBOlfX pbi-
uapell:, I1 I1pi1 tJ,BOpe, I<aK tJ,CBCTBCHHlfUa BbiCOI<OfO
rroJIO)I<eiii15I, 3a '-IbiD '-!eCTb pbruapi1 cpa)KaJilfCb B rro-
et~,lfHI<ax. ,llnop CJIY)KlfJI rrpeKpaCI-IbiM tJ,BOpUOM tJ,JI5I
tJ,eMOHCTpaUlflf BeJIH'-IH5I, HO, I<pOMe TOfO, I1 6oJiee


~
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
!:ll~====A>rJI!
HHTIIMHbll\'I MCCTOM ,li)HI pOMaHTWICCI<OfO JIIIU:C.UCHCT-
Ba n rroJIIITIIl.:ICCKoro o6oJihiiJ:CHII.H. I16o EJIII3aBeTa
IlbiTaJiaCb ,.a:ep:IKaTb IIO.U KOHTpOJICM CBOIIX MarHaTOB,
3aT.HfiiBa.H IIX B rrayTIIHY JIIIl.:IHbiX, ,.a:a:IKC 3MOU:IIOHaJib-
HbiX OTHOIIICIIIIH C HCH, B KOTOpbiX OHa ITO Ol.:lepe,.a:II
6hiJia KOpOJICBOH II KOKCTKOH. 0Ha paCCl.:IIITbiBaJia,
"liTO ee IIOJIIITII"l:ICCKIIC .UC.HTCJIII 6y,.a:yT npii,.a:BOpHbiMII,
II B pC3YJibTaTC IIOJIIITII3IIpOBaJia .li:BOp II C.UCJiaJia
rroJIIITIIKY rrpii,.a:BopHoii. KaK 3aMCTIIJI c3p ,ll:IKOH ,ll3-
BIIC:
Bee nozpe6eHbR, ceaab6bt u 3peJZuw,a UHbte,
IIocJZoe nepezoeopbt, cpa)ICeHUR utaJZbHbte,
H ayKu u ucKyccmea, u ece uHmpuzu ceema
Iloxo)ICe, moJZb'KO maH~bt, nputtyabt nupyama 2•
(IIepeBo.n: JI. fpiiropb.HHa)
PIITyaJibl rrpii.UBOpHOH :IKII3HII II TC IIHTIIMHbiC
B3aiiMOOTHOIIICHII5I, KOTOpbiC TaM CKJia.UhiBaJIIICb, IIC-
IIOJib30BaJIIICb KaK npiiCMbl B fiOJIIITIIl.:ICCKIIX IIHTpii-
rax. Kor.n:a EJIII3aBeTa IIrpaJia Ha KJiaBCCIIHe .UJIR CBO-
IIX COBCTHIIKOB, OHa TaK :IKC TBCp,.a:o IIpOBO.UIIJia fiO-
JIIITIIKY, KaK KOr,.a:a rrpe,.a:ce,.a:aTCJibCTBOBaJia Ha 3ace-
,.a:aHIIII CoBeTa.
C3p KpiicTocpep XaTTOH, rrpii,.a:BopHbiH, TaHu:op
II Jiop.n:- KaHu:Jiep, roBopiiJI: ~ KopoJieBa oxoTIIJiach 3a
cep.n:U:aMII MY:IKl.:IIIH, II IIpiiMai-IKa y HCC 6hiJia TaKa.H
CJia,.a:OCTHa.H, "liTO HIIKTO HC MOf BblpBaTbC.H II3 ee CC-
TCH5>3. Ee oxoTHIIl.:lhiiMII yro,.a:MIMII 6biJI ,.a:Bop, II TaM
OHa IICKaJia IIOJIIITII"l:ICCKOH rrpe,.a:aHHOCTII CBOIIX MO-
ryiiJ:CCTBCHHbiX rro.n:.n:aHHhiX. BepoHTHO, .n:Be TPCTII TII-
TYJIOBannoM: 3HaTII 6hiJIII, no KpaiiHeH Mepe Y:aCTW-I -
HO, rrpH,.a:BopHviMII B Ha'-raJie rrpaBJICHIIH EJIII3aBCThi,
II I103:1KC COOTHOIIICHHC XOTH H CHII3HJIOCb, I-IO HC I-Ia-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKaH
~
lll~============~JI!
MHoro. KpoMe Toro, IUITb.n;ecHT HJHI rnecTb,n;ecHT rrpe.n;-
cTaBHTeJie:H Be,n;ymero ,l.{BOp5IHCTBa, B OCHOBHOM H3
IO:>Imo:H AHrJIHH, rrocTOHHHO Haxo.n;I1JII1Cb rrp11 ,n;Bo-
pe, a MH0fl1e ,n;pyr11e Hae3:>KaJII1 BpeMH OT BpeMeHI1.
ilp116JII1311TeJibHO 0,l.{I1H 113 JJ5ITI1 JJOJII1TI1~eCKI1X TH-
:>KeJIOBeCOB AHrJII111 Haxo.n;HJICH, TaKI1M o6pa30M, rro.n;
JJOCT05IHHbiM BJII15IHI1eM KOpOJieBbl, OHI1 11CJJbiTbiBa-
JII1 Ha ce6e BCJJbiiliKI1 ee pa3,n;pa:>KeHI15I 11 11CKyrneHI15I
eiO - HO OHI1 TaK:>Ke HaXO,l.{I1JII1Cb B JJO,l.{XO,l.{5Ill{eM
MecTe, ~To6bi caMI1M OKa3biBaTb BJII15IHI1e. EJI113aBe-
Ta YMbiiliJieHHO JJOJII1TI1311poBaJia cBoii ,n;Bop, rrpeBpa-
maH JJp11.l{BOpHbiX B JJOJII1TI1KOB ( TaKI1X KaK ,lla,n;JII1,
XaTTOH H 3cceKc), a JJOJII1T11KOB B rrp11,n;BopHbiX ( Ta-
K11X KaK BI1JibHM Ceci1JI, <l>p3HCI1C HoyJIJI3 11 ,ll:>KeMc
KpocpT). TaKI1M o6pa30M rroJII1TI1Ka rrpeBpamaJiacb
B JJOJIHOMaCiliTa6Hoe 3aH5ITI1e, 11 Ha Hee BJII15IJII1 JII1~­
Hble B3ai1MOOTHOilieHI15I: rrp11.l{BOpHbie, KOTOpbie 3a-
BOeBbiBaJII1 paCJJOJIO:>KeHI1e KOpOJieBbi, MOfJII1 OKa3bi-
BaTb JJOJII1TI1~eCKOe BJII15IHI1e, He 3aHI1Ma5! JJOJII1TI1-
~eCKOH ,l.{OJI:>KHOCTI1.
B 1570 r. BI1Jib5IM Cec11JI rrpe.n;yrrpe.n;11JI rrp11.n;Bop-
HOro ToMaca XeHI1,n;:>Ka, ~To6hi TOT He BMellii1BaJicH B
rroJII1TI1KY, HO 6e3ycrrernHo. XeHI1.l{:>K 3a5IBJIHJI, ~To
OH HI1KOr,n;a ~He .n;aBaJI TaiiKOM coBeTOB Ee BeJII1~ec­
TBY rrpoTI1B perneHI1ii ee CoBeTa 11 He pacKpbiBaJI poT
rrepe.n; Ee BeJII1~ecTBOM no BorrpocaM, KacaiOll{I1MCH
06ll{eCTBeHHOf0 JJOJIO:>KeHI15I 11JII1 yrrpaBJieHI15I, 3a 11C-
KJIIOqeHI1eM Tex cJiy~aeB, Kor.n;a Ee BeJII1~ecTBO MI1-
JIOCTI1BO crrparni1BaJia • . • MHeHI15I~ XeH11,n;:>Ka. 3To
6biJia JIOBYiliKa, JJOCKOJibKY KOpOJieBa MOfJia crrpa-
Ilii1BaTb KOfO yro,n;I-IO: CoBeT rrpeTeH,l.{OBaJI Ha MOHO-
JJOJIHIO JJOJII1TI1qecK11X COBeTOB KOpOJieBe, HO He MOf
o6ecrreqi1Tb ee co6mo.n;e1me. Po6epT lla.n;JII1 6biJI BJII1-
HTeJihHo:H JJOJII1TI1qecKoti CI1JIOH c ca_r..wro HaqaJia uap-


®Zit
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
lll~==========~jl!
CTBOBamtH, II 3TO OH, 60JibiiJe lieM KTO-JIII60 ,n:pyrofi,
HeC OTBeTCTBeHI-IOCTb 3a «HbiOXeHBeHCKYIO aBaHTIO-
py~ - XOT51 OH CTaJI liJieHOM CoBeTa TOJibKO B OK-
T516pe 1562 r. CoBeTHIIKaM olieHb He HpaBIIJIOCb BMe-
IIIaTeJibCTBO Jiop.ua Tia,n:)l(eTa II OHII Bospa)l(aJIII EJIII-
saBeTe B cpeBpaJie 1562 r.: «l1x .ue6aTbi He IIMeiOT
CMbiCJia, eCJIII OHa CJie,n:yeT KaKIIM-TO ,n:pyriiM COBe-
TaM~. fpa¢ CycceKc 6biJI ueHTpoM IIOJIIITIIlieCKIIX
6aTaJIIIH B 1565- 66 rr., TaK KaK OH 51p0 BbiCTyrraJI B
rro.n:.uep)l(Ky ra6c6yprcKoro 6paKa - HO OH 6biJI Ha-
3HalieH liJieHOM CoBeTa TOJibKO B .n:eKa6pe 1570 r.,
Kor.ua ero rro6e.ua Ha,n: ceBepHbiMII rroBcTaHuaMII ,n:aJia
eMy Ha 3TO HeocrropiiMOe rrpaBo. YoJITep PaJIII rrpii-
o6peJI sHaliiiTCJibHOe JIIIliHoe BJIII51HIIe Ha EJIII3aBe-
TY, II roBopiiJIOCb, liTO OH «B HeKoTopoM pone opa-
KYJI~ 4: OH B03rJiaBJI51JI rpyrrrry MOJIO,UbiX rrpii,UBOp-
HbiX, BbiCTyrraBIIIIIX rrpOTIIB JlecTepa B 1587 r., a B
1590-x rr. ,n:aBaJI KOpOJieBe COBeTbi ITO BHeiiJHeH II
KOJIOHIIaJibHOH IIOJIIITHKe - HO HIIKOr,n:a HC 6biJI liJie-
HOM CoBeTa. TaK )l(e KaK EJIII3aBeTa He BBO.UIIJia B
CoBeT CycceKca, liT06bi He 3JIIITb JlecTepa, ona He
.uorrycTIIJia II PaJIII, liT06bi ycrroKOIITb 3cceKca. Ho
OHa MOrJia KOHCYJibTIIpOBaTbC51 C JII06biM IIpii,UBOp-
HbiM, KOTOpbiH eft rrpiirJI51HYJIC51.
Ka)l(,UbiH rrpii,n:BopHbiH 6biJI rroTeHUIIaJibHbiM no-
JIIITHKOM, TaK KaK )l(II3Hb IIpii ,UBOpe ,n:aBaJia 6eCKO-
HeliHbiC B03MO)l(HOCTII ,UJI51 JIIIliHOfO JI066IIpOBaHII51 II
liaCTHbiX OTHOIIIeHIIH, KOTOpbie MO)l(HO 6biJIO IICIIOJib-
30BaTb B IIOJIIITIIlieCKIIX ueJI51X. BciD,n:y 6biJIO npii3Ha-
Ho, liTO ,UBOp 51BJI51JIC51 Ba)l(HbiM l{eHTpOM IIOJIIITIIlieC-
KOH aKTIIBHOCTII II IICTOliHIIKOM BJiaCTII II noKpOBII-
TeJibCTBa. Ho Te, KTO ne HaXO!{HJIC51 npH ,n:Bope, ne
HI\ICJIH IIOJIHTHlieCKOfO DJIH5.IIIH51, TaK KaK y IIHX He
6biJIO rrp51Moro .n:ocTyrra K Monapxy. Kor.n:a B HaliaJie


1590-x rr. rpacp lllpy36epl1 BCTYITHJI B ITOJIHTHtiCC-
KyiO 6opb6y c ceMell:cTBOM CTaHon B HoTTHHreMIIIH-
pe, ero noJIO)KCHHe 6biJIO HCBbiro,n;HbiM, noToMy liTO
ero npoTHBHHKH 6biJIH npu.n;BopHbiMH. Jlop.n; EaKxepCT
ero npe.n;ynpe)K,n;aJI:
dJOCTO>IHHOe npucyTCTBHC .li:BYX 6paTbCB npH
,li;BOpe, HX 6JIH3KOC K KOpOJICBC ITOJIO)KCJIHC H,
liTO Ba)KHCC BCCfO OCTaJibHOrO, OC06a>I MHJIOCTb,
KOTopyiO Ee BeJIHliCCTBO HM oKa3biBaeT, Bcer.n;a
C03,n;a,n;yT TaKOC orpOMHOC npeHMyll(eCTBO npOTHB
Bac, liTO HH Bbi, HH BaiiiH .n;py3b>I ue CMO)KeTe
,li;OBCCTH 3TO ,li;CJIO ,li;O ycnelliHOfO KOHUa, Ha KOTO-
pbiM Bhi, 6hiTh MO)KCT, Ha.n;eeTeCh»-
5•
B 1593 r. CTaHOIThi BhmrpaJIH, a lllpy36epu 6hiJI
YHH)KCH, l1 3TO ITOKa3aJIO, liTO BJIH>IHHC ,li;BOpa 6biJIO
CHJibHee npOBHHUHaJibHOM BJiaCTH.
CJie,n;oBaTeJihHO, KpynHbiM TaKTHliCCKHM .n;ocTH-
)KCHHCM 6biJIO OT,ll;aJieHHC conepHHKa KOpOJICBOM OT
.n;Bopa. lloxo)Ke, "'TO 3a Ha3Hal:!eHueM repuora Hop-
cpoJIKa KOMaH,n;yiOil(HM BOMCKOM ,li;JI>I lilOTJiaH,ll;llll B
1559 r. CTO>IJI Po6epT ,lla,n;JIH, KOTOpblM XOTCJI OT,n;a-
JI.HTb OT ,li;BOpa npOTHBHHKa ero ITJiaHOB Ha )KCHHTb-
6y. C3p KpuCTocpep XaTTOH .n;o6uJic>I Ha3HalieHH>I
,ll)KOHa lleppoTa 3aMCCTHTCJICM HaMCCTHHKa B J1p-
JiaH,li;HIO B 1584 r., liT06bi OT,n;aJIHTb ero OT EJIH3aBe-
Tbi, ITOCKOJibKY TOT 3a>IBJI>IJI, "'TO OH ee e.n;m-IOKpOB-
HbiM 6paT. Bepo>ITHO, B 1599 r. HMCHHO Po6epT Ce-
CHJI ,n;o6HJIC>I Ha3HaliCHH>I 3cceKca JIOp,li;OM-HaMCCTI-IH-
KOM B I1pJiaH,li;HIO; KaK 3TO llll rJiyno, 3CCCKC CaM
.n;o6uBaJIC>I 3Toro na3HalieHH>I, H CecHJI My.n;po yc-
TpOHJI TaK, ~ITO OH ero ITOJIYl!HJI. llpH BbiHY)K,li;CHHOM
oTcyTcTBHH conepHHKa co6cTBenHoe noJIO)KCHHe npu-


~
KopoAeaa H ABOp
~
t'l~=======~Jil
.n;sopHoro yKperrmiJIOCb. B 1586 r., noKa JiecTep 6biJI
s HH.n;epJiaH.n;ax, 5epJII1 npoTaiUHJI s CoseT cso11x
COI03Hl1KOS naKxepcTa, Ko6eMa l1 Yl1Trl1<±na, s
1596 r. 5epJII1 ycTpOHJI Ha3Ha'IeHHe ceKpeTapeM Po-
6epTa CeCHJia, IIOKa 3cceKC OT JIYliHJICji Ha rpa6e)l(
Ka.n;Hca, a s 1597 r. CecHJI IIOJIYliHJI TaK)l(e KaH-
~JiepcTso S rep~OfCTSe JlaHKaCTepCKOM, IIOKa 3c-
CeKC 6biJI s A3opcKoif 3Kcrre.n;HUHH. 3cceKc Harrpac-
HO He npHCJIYIIIaJICji K TOMY COSeTy, KOTOpbiM eMy
.n;asaJIH: ~He pa3peiiiaif HHlieMy OT,n;aJIHTb Te6ji OT
.n;sopa; 3ace.n;a:H s Ka)l(,n;OM coseTe~ 6 •
llpHCYTCTSHe npH .n;sope 6biJIO peiiiaiOIUHM .li:Jlji
ITOJII1Tl1lieCKOf0 ycrrexa, IIOTOMY liTO .n;sop 6biJI UeHT-
pOM pacrrpe.n;eJieHHji KOpOJieSCKOfO ITOKpOSHTeJibCT-
sa, a pacrrpe.n;eJieHHe MHJIOCTeii 6biJIO KJIIOliOM K no-
JIHTHliecKoii SJiaCTI1. JliO,n;H 6oJiee MeJIKOfO MaCIIITa-
6a IIpi1MbiKaJII1 K IIpH,n;SOpHbiM, KOTOpbie MOfJII1 6bi
o6ecrrelii1Tb l1X .li:OJI)l(HOCTjiMlf HJIH .n;apaMH, l1 Kpyrr-
Hble Harpa.n;bi HarrpasJijiJIHCb TeM, libiO rro.n;.n;ep)l(KY
CTOHJIO HMeTb. llo.n;.n;ep)l(Ka npH,n;SOpHOfO S ero MeC-
THOCTH 3aSHCeJia OT CIIOC06HOCTI1 o6ecrreliHTb IIOKpO-
SHTeJibCTSO, a 3TO 3aSHCeJIO OT paCIIOJIO)l(eHlfji KOpO-
JieSbl - TaK pacrrpe,n;eJieHHe ITOJIHTHlieCKOM SJiaCTH
MOfJIO OIIpe,n;eJijiTbCji IIpi1Sji3aHHOCTjiMI1 KOpOJieSbl.
llepeMeHbl S KOpOJieSCKOM MHJIOCTH 6biJII1 lipe3Sbi-
liaMHO Sa)l(Hbl .li:Jlji rrpeTeH.n;eHTOS, l1 .n;osepeHHbie JIH~a
l1 XpOHHKepbl CSeTCKOM )l{lf3Hl1 npH .n;sope pacrrpoc-
TpaHHJIH HOSOCTH 06 y .n;aliaX se.n;yll.J,HX IIpH.li:SOpHbiX.
B Mae 1573 r. fHJI6epT ToJI6oT coo6ll.J,aJI rpacpy
lilpy36epH, liTO JiecTep s 6oJibiiiOM cpasope, Cyc-
ceKc TepHeT pacrroJIO)l(eHHe, rroJIO)l(CHHe 0Kccpop.n;a
CTpCMHTeJibHO rrosbiiiiaeTcH, a XaTTOH s onacHocnr
co cTopoHbi 3.n;yap.n;a )laifepa. ~Ha see 3TH JIIo6o-
SHbie l1HTpi1rH JIOp,n;-Ka3HalieM IIO.li:Ml1fJ1BaeT, HO rm-


KaK ue BMennmaeTc51~, - mrcaJI ToJI6oT7
.
Hoy Eep-
JII1 6biJII1 C EJI113aBeTOH CBOI1 OC06bie OTHOllleHI151, 11
ee ,li;OBep11e .n;aBaJIO eMy MOI.llHOe BJII15IHI1e Ha IIOI<pO-
BI1TeJibCTBO.
Jlop.n; nepJIH IIOJJ:y"llaJI OT 60 ,li;O 100 IUICeM B
.n;eHb OT pa3JIII"l!HbiX rrpOCI1TeJiei1: 11 JI11U, )KI1BYIU11X
Ha IIOC061151, H yrrpaBJieHI1e KOpOJieBCKOH MI1JIOCTbiO
6hrJio HeJierKoi1: 3a.n;a-qeif. On pa3.n;eJII1JI CBOIO JII1"ll-
nyro KauueJI5Ip11IO na .n;Be "l!aCTI1: o.n;na 3aHI1MaJiacb
11HOCTpaHHbiM11 ,l{eJiaMI1, a .n;pyra51, IIO,l{ pyKOBO,li;CT-
BOM Mai1:KJia XHKca, pacrrpe.n;eJI5IJia MI1JIOCT11. KaK
Jiop.n;-Ka3Ha"l!e:H 11 OTBeTCTBeHHbiH 3a orreKy, EepJI11
KOHTpOJI11poBaJI caMhie Kpyrrnhre y-qpe)K.n;eHI151, Bbi-
.n;aBaBllll1e B03Harpa)K,l{eHI151, 11 OH CTapaJIC$! Ha6JIIO-
.n;aTb 11 3a .n;pyri1MI1 cpopMaMI1 KOpOJieBCKI1X MI1JIOC-
TeH. On cKa3aJI c::.~py PaJibcpy Ca.n;Jiepy: ~KaK pbi6bi
JIOB5ITC$! Ha IIp11MaHKY, TaK II ,l{0JI)KHOCTI1 Ha CTapa-
HI1$!~8, H OH XOTeJI, "liT06bi CTapaJII1Cb "l!epe3 Hero. B
1581 r. on CTpamno pa303JII1JIC$! na ToMaca YI1JIKI1-
ca, ceKpeTap$! CoBeTa, 3a TO, "liTO TOT rrpe.n;cTaBI1JI
KopoJieBe rrpoch6y -qepe3 BaJibCI1HraMa, a He -qepe3
nero. CBoeH: :3HeprH"liHOi1: .n;e5J:TeJihHOCTbiO EepJI11 B
"l!aCTHOCT11 XOTeJI IIOMelllaTb JleCTepy CTaTb e.n;I1HCTBeH-
HbiM BJIH$!TeJibHbiM JI11UOM, TaK KaK, IIOCKOJibKY rpacp
IIOJib30BaJIC$! CaMOH 60JiblllOH 6JiarOCKJIOHHOCTbiO
KOpOJieBbi, OH 6biJI IIOTeHUHaJibHO H CaMbiM :3cpcpeK-
TI1BHbiM IIOKpOBI1TeJieM.
JlecTepa, KaK H nepJIH, IIOCTO$IIHIO OCa)K,l{aJIH rrpo-
CHTemr, )Ka)K,li;YI.lll1e HCIIOJib30BaTb ero IIOJIO)Kei-m:e rrp11
KOpOJieBe. ,l{)KOp,li;)K fHJ1I111H IIpOCI1JI 0 IIOMOI.lll1, "liT0-
6bi 6biCTpee IIOJIY"lii1Tb .n;apoBaHHYIO 3eMJIIO: <<BI1,ll;51,
KaK11MH BeJII1KI1MI1 .n;eJiaMI1 Ballla l.JeCTb rrocT05IHHO 3a-
H$!Tbi, $I He CMeJI rro6eCIIOKOHTb Bac CBOeif CKpOMHOH
npoch6oi1:, no Terrepb neo6xo.n;HMOCTb BhiHy)K.n;aeT MeH51


~
KopoAesa H ABOp
~
l'l'U_==========A>rJil
npOCYITb HYI)l(aHllie Barny qecTb nOCO!J,CHCTBOBaTb B
BbiiTOJIHeHYIYI MOeH npOCb6bi, 0 qe:r-1 ~ npYIJiaraiO KO-
poTeHbi<yiO sanYicKy .UJI~ Ee BeJiw-recTBa KopoJieBbi:? 9.
JleCTep 6biJI qpe3BbP-IaHI-IO ycneiilHbiM noi<pOJ:mTeJieM
B HeKOTOpbiX o6JiaCT~X, oco6eHHO u;epKOBHOli: OH nOK-
pOBYITeJibCTBOBaJI no MeHbllieH Mepe rneCTYI nepBbiM
enYicKonaM npYI EJIYI3aBeTe, qeTbipeM nos.n:HeilrnYIM,
rnecTYI HacTo~TeJI~M YI p~.n:y r JiaB KOJIJie.n:)l(eH B OK-
ccpop.n:e YI KeM6pYI.n:)l(e. KpoMe Toro, OH e.n:Ba Jill He
KOI-ITpOJIYipOBaJI .UllnJIOMaTYiqeci<YIO CJiy)l(6y, Yl 60Jib-
IIlYIHCTBO Ha3HaqeHHbiX B HYI.n:epJiaH.Ubi 6biJIYI ero cTo-
poHHYIKaMYI. BJIYI~HYie JlecTepa 6biJIO ~BHbiM YI B BO-
eHHbiX nasHaqeHYI~x. oco6eHHO .UJI~ ~noxo.n:oB lla.n:-
JIYI>> B 1562 YI 1585 rr. Ho ero BJin~rme Ha Bbi6opbi B
napJiaMeHT Ka)l(eTc~ y.n:YIBYITeJibHO orpaHYiqeHHbiM: KaK
BbiCOKYIH CTIOap.n: p~.n:a ropO.UOB, OH npO.UBYiraJI YIX
neTYIIJ;UYI npll .UBOpe, HO ero npe.LJ:JIQ)KCHYI~ 0 qJiei-IaX
napJiaMeHTa qacTO Bbi3biBaJIYI conpOTYIBJICI-Ille, Yl CYIC-
TeMaTYiqecKYIX nonbiTOK Ha6YipaTb Kaii.LJ:YI.UaTOB OH He
.n:eJiaJI.
HYI)l(e ypoBH~ BeJIYIKYIX 6oJiee MCJIKYie JIIO.UYIIIlKYI
npecJie.UOBaJIYI CBOYI C06CTBeHHbie IJ;eJIYI Yl BblfO.UHO YIC-
nOJib30BaJIYI CBOYI 3HaKOMCTBa. MHO)l(CCTBO CYIHeKyp,
nonet.mTeJibCTB, apeH.n: YI JIYiu;ensYI:H noJiyqaJIYI BTopo-
pasp~.UHbie npYI.UBOpHbie, YI Ha Y.UYIBJieHYie Be3JIO 6an-
.n:e 6Jiaropo.n:HbiX neHcYioHepoB. 5pa:HaH AH3JIYI 6biJI
.LJ:)l(eHTJibMeHOM, noJiyqaiOIUYIM neHCYIIO, C 1564 no
1603 r.: ero nOJIO)l(eHYie npll .LJ:BOpe .n:aJIO eMy B03-
MO)l(HOCTb noJiyqYITb JIYIIJ;eH3YIYI Ha YIMnOpT CTaJIYI Yl
3KCnOpT KpOJIYIKOBbiX IIlKyp Yl .UOJI)l(HOCTb CMOTpYITe-
JI~ <DJIYITCKOH TIOpbMbi, KOTOpyiO OH C.UaBaJI B apeH.UY
3a 100 cpyHTOB B ro.n:. JlaHCeJIOT 50CTOK, .LJ:)l(eHTJib-
MeH-neHCYIOHep C1564 no 1588 r., noJiyqYIJI npaBO Ha
IIlTpacpbi no 3aKOHy 0 COBMeCTYITeJibCTBe Yl .UOJI)l(HOCTb


@1:lt
EAH3aBeTa I AHrAm'fcKa5I
~
lll~====~ll
KOMeH.lJ:aHTa 3aMKa <!>JIJfliT B 1572 r.,
.lJ:OJI)KHOCTb KO-
MeH.lJ:ai-ITa 3aMKa XoJIT B 1585 r 0 H 3eMJII1 B 11 pJiaH.nim
B 1587 r. CaifMOH 13ay3p 6biJI .lJ:)KeHTJibMenoM-rrpH-
BpaTHHKOM KOpOJieBCKOrO Ka6HHeTa, I-IeCKOJibKO 60Jib-
rne "lleM rro"l!eTIIbiH rnBeifu:ap, c 1569 no 1597 r.: oH
fiOJIY"l!HJI .li:OJI)KHOCTb KaiTHTaHa 3aMKa B feMITIUHpe,
KOTOpa.si .naBaJia 100 cpyHTOB B ro.n, Jf rraTCHT Ha pac-
CJie.li:OBaHHe HapyrneHHH yKa3a 0 rnepCTI1 ("liTO .naBaJIO
orpOMHbie B03MO)KHOCTH .li:Jl.sl IIIaHTa)Ka H fiOJiy"l!eHH.si
B3.siTOK) 0 O.nHaKo He Bee rrpH.li:BOpHbie .nomi<HOCTH
rrpHHOCHJIH .noxo.no Po6epr MapKeM H C3p BHJib.siM
KopnyoJIJIHC pa3opHJIHCb 113-3a .noporocro.srnxell: ue-
y.na"l!H: KopnyoJIJIHC yrBep)l<.lJ:aJI, "liTO rrorpaTHJI 20 000
4>YHTOB ua rrorrbiTKH yrBep.nHTbc.sr rrpH .nBope, uo, rroc-
Jie .lJ:Ba.li:U:aTHCeMHJieTHHX YCHJIHH, BCe, "liTO OH fiOJiy-
"l!HJI K 1597 r.
-
3TO pOJib fiO.li:MeHHOrO rrpH.lJ:BOpHOrO
rrpHBpaTHHKa, a era rrpOCb6a OTMeHHTb 3TO Ha3Ha-..Ie-
Hl1e 6biJia OTBeprnyrao
Ho Bee 3TH JIIO.li:H rrpo.nomKaJIH craparbc.sr, nora-
MY "liTO rrepe.n r Jia3aMH y HHX 6biJIH rrpHMepbi nacro.sr-
nxero ycrrexa rex, KTO BeCbMa 3¢¢eKTHBHO o6paTHJI
na ce6.sr BHHManHe EJIH3aBeTbi. Kp11cro¢ep XaTTOH
fiO.siBHJIC.si ripH .li:BOpe B 1564 r., a K Ha"llaJiy 1570-x OH
6biJI rrpH3HaHHbiM ¢aBopHTOMo Ho B 1575 r. y nero
6biJI .li:OJir B 10 000 ¢YHTOB l1 HHKaKOH orrpe.neJICHHOH
.li:OJI)KHOCTHo On na.ne.srJic.sr na e)Kero.nHyio penry or
KOpOJieBbl, HO OHa HaMeKHyJia, "liTO eCJII1 OH fiOITpOCHT
o nell:, TO ne rroJiy"llHT. OH roBopHJI EepJIH: ~5! ne
pernaiOCb 3aroBapHBaTb o e)Kero.nnoM .noxo.ne, nora-
MY "liTO, KaK .sr rroH.srJI co CJIOB Ee BeJIH"l!ecrBa, OH
.lJ:OJI)KeH 6biTb MHC fiO)KaJIOBaH .li:O TOro, KaK .si Ha"l!HY
rrpocHTb» 10 0 Ho rroroM XaTTony rroBe3JIOo B 1575 r.
EJI:n3aBera .napoBaJia eMy e)Kero.nnoe co.nep)Kanne B
400 4>YHTOB H 3aCTaBHJia HaCTO.siTCJI.si l1 KaiTHTYJI (KOJI-


~========K=o=p=O=h=e=B=a==H==A=BO=p========~
Jienui KaHOHMKOB co6opa) co6opa B I1MTep6opo rrpe.n:-
ocTaBMTb eMy BbirO,UHbie apeH,Ubl, a errMCKOI1 J1JIM Bbi-
HY)l(,UeH 6biJI rrepe,n:aTb eMy cBoi:J: JIOH.UOHCKI1H ,n:oM. B
1.577 f. OH CTaJI BMIJ;e-rOq)MCllCTepOM KOpOJICBCKOrO
,UBOpa, a B 1578 f. llOJIYliMJI ,UOJI)l(HOCTb, KOTOpa51 rrpii-
HeCJia eMy 6oraTCTBO - ITOJiyliaTeJib rrepBbiX ITJIO,UOB
M ,n:eC.HTMH; KaK TaKOBOH OH MOr )l(J1Tb Ha cpe,UCTBa
KOpOJieBbl (M3 EJIM3aBeTMHOll Ky6billlKM), M K era CMCp-
TM B 1591 r. OH 3a,UOJI)l(aJI CBOeMy OT,UeJiy 42 000 cpyH-
TOB. 0H CTaJI JlOp,UOM-KaHIJ;JiepOM B 1587 r.
-
peBHll-
Bblll ,UBOp Ha3biBaJI era ~TaHIJ;YIOlllMM KaHIJ;JICpOM:!>, -
OH crreKyJIMpOBaJI Ha o6Hapy)KeHMM CKpbiTbiX 3eMeJib,
rrpMHa,n:Jie)l(aBlllMX KOpOHe, Ha BMHHOH TOprOBJie, Ha
HaJiorax c MHOCTpaHHbiX Kyrru;oB. BJIM.HHMe XaTTOHa
Ha KopoJieBy c,n:eJiaJio era KpyrrHbiM pacrrpe,n:eJIMTe-
JieM MMJIOCTeii, 11 era cJiyra CaMy3Jib KoKc yrrpaBJI.HJI
3a Hero I10KpOBMTeJibCTBOM, KaK XMKC yrrpaBJI.HJI ,UJI.H
EepJIM.
Ho B TO BpeM.H KaK HeKOTOpbie llOJiyqaJIM cpaH-
TaCTMlieCKMe ,UOXO,Ubl, ,n:pyrMe )l(aJIOBaJIMCb Ha rrpe-
He6pe)l(eHMe. fepu;or HopcpoJIK ceTOBaJI B 1565 r.:
~Ee BeJIMlieCTBO CliMTaeT, liTO MHe HMliero He CTOMT
)KaJioBaTb, ,n:a)l(e HMKaKoi:J: MaJIOCTM~. B 1570 r. Cyc-
ceKc pa3,n:pa)l(eHHO 3aMeTMJI, liTO 6biJI ~Bcero JIMlllb
MCTJIOH~: ~J1 KOr,n:a 5I C,UeJiaJI CBOIO pa60Ty, MeH.H
Bbi6pocMJIM 3a ,n:Bepb~ 11 • Mo)l(eT 6biTb, MM HY)l(Hbi
6biJIM He I1p0CTO ,UeHbrM, HO 3HaKM KOpOJieBCKOrO
paCITOJIO)l(eHM~, liTO rrpu,n:aBaJIO rrpeCTJ1)!( M, CJie,UO-
BaTeJibHO, BJiaCTb. B 1582 r., Kor.ua c::>pa feHpM CM.n:-
HM I10I1pOCMJIM BepHyTbC.H B J1pJiaH,UMIO B KalieCTBe
JIOp,n:a-HaMeCTHMKa, OH I10I1pOCMJI KaKyiO-HM6y,n:b Ha-
rpa,n:y, ~liT06bi MMPY 6biJIO M3BeCTHO 11 .HCHO, liTO Ee
BeJIMlieCTBO MMJIOCTMBO ou;eHMJia ero cJiy)l(6y B rrpo-
lliJIOM, 11 liT06bi y Hero rro.HBMJIOCb )l(eJiaime xoporno
6. 3aK. 286


cJiy)KIITb II ,UaJibiiie~. Bepo5ITHO, 3TO 6biJIO acero JIUIIIb
CTbi,UJIIIBbiM IIp1IKpbiTIIeM, IIOTOMY qTO Tpe6oBaHII5I
Cn,nHH rroKa3biBaiOT, qTo eMy Hy)KeH 6biJI He rrpocTo
3HaK BHIIMaHII5I - OH IIOIIpOCIIJI 3BaHIIe aHrJIIIIkKO-
fO II3pa, 3BaHIIe npJiaH,UCKOfO II3pa H KpyiiHbie 3e-
MeJibHbie BJia,neHII5I. EJIM3aBeTa OTKa3aJia, B03MO)K-
HO, rro,nyMaB, KaK II ,UBa,nuaTb JieT Ha3a,n, qTQ ~HMKa­
KIIe ,napbl MOHapxa He B COCT05IHIIII Y.UOBJieTBOpiiTb
neuacbiTHYIO )Ka,UHOCTb JIIO,neif~ 12 • Ho 3Ta ~HeHaCbiT­
HM )Ka,UHOCTb~, IIOCT05IHHOe CTpeMJH~H;IIe IIpii,UBOp-
HbiX K 60JibiiiiiM Harpa,n:aM, ,naBaJIM KOpOJieBe Ha,n-
e)KHOe IIOJIIITIIqecKoe opy)KIIe - oHa 3aCTaBJI5IJia ee
IIpii,UBOpHbiX M IIOJIIITllKOB rrpeCMbiKaTbC5I B Ha,Ue)K-
,ne Ha MIIJIOCTb. 3TO rrepeMerqaJIO JIIIqHbie CIIMIIaTIIII
KOpOJieBbi B ueHTp IIOJIIITIIqecKOH CIICTeMbi, BbiHy)K-
,naJIO IIOJIIITIIqeCKIIX ,ne5ITeJieif IIp1I6JIII)KaTbC5I K HeM
B KaqeCTBC BOCXIIll{eHHbiX IIOKJIOHHIIKOB II B CBOIO
O'Iepe,nb ,naBaJIO eif D03MO)KHOCTb rrpeBpamaTb IIOJIII-
TllqecKIIe OTHOIIIeHII5I B p5I,U JiefKOMbiCJieHHbiX po-
MaHTIIqecKIIX IIHTepJIIO,UIIH*.
Tor.na KaK EJIII3aBeTa-fJiop1IaHa rro,naaaJiacb KaK
o6pa3 n,neaJibHOfO rrpaBIITeJI5I C OcpiiUIIaJibHbiM OTTeH-
KOM, EJIII3aBeTa-EeJibcpe6a 3a1IrpbiBaJia c MaJibqnKa-
MII. KopoJieBa IIbiTaJiacb ycTanoniiTb y ce65I rrpii ,nao-
pe JIIIqHbie OTHOIIIeHII.H paCKOBaHHOfO ll llHTIIMHOfO
xapaKTepa, qTo6bi eif y,neJI5IJIII BC5IqecKoe BHIIManiie
KaK )KeHll{IIHe, a CJie,UOBaTeJibHO, BII,UeJIII B HeM II MO-
Hapxa. Heaa)KHO, KaKIIMII 6bi 6JIII3KIIMII HH CTanmm-
JIHCb OTHOIIIeHII5I, HH O,UHII IIpH,UBOpHbiH (KpOMe 3c-
ceKca, MO)KeT 6biTb) He OCMeJIHBaJIC5I COBepiiieHHO 3a-
6biTb o6 3TOH 6oJiee BbiCOKOH pOJIH. 3,nyap,n .l{aifep
COBCTOBa.II XaT'rony, KOTOpbiH .U06HBaJIC5I paCIIOJIO)Ke-
HH5I EJIH3aBeTbi B 1572 r.: ~He 3a6biBaif, c KeM Tbi
* 3tlCCb - BCTaBI<a-(jlapc B OCIIODIIYIO Hrpy.
-
Peo.


~
KopoAesa H ABOp
~
l'l~======~JI!
6y,nellib HMeTb ,n;eJIO H "liTO Mbi TaKOe no cpaBHeHHIO C
Hefi; XOTH OHa H ,neJiaeT O"tJ:eHb cepbe3Hbie ycTynKH,
rrpHHa,nJie)Ka K )KeHCKOMY noJiy, BCe-TaKH Mbi He ,nOJI-
:>r<Hbi 3a6biBaTb, "liTO no nOJIO)KeHHIO H no npHpO,ne
OHa Ham MOHapx~ 13 . ::ha ,nBOHHa.si pOJib ,naBa.Jia EJIH-
3aBeTe B03MO)KHOCTb HCIIOJib30BaTb JIH"tJ:HYIO ,n;py)K6y
H ,Ua)Ke npHTBOpHyiO JII060Bb KaK nOJIHTH"tJ:eCKHe HHTH,
"tJ:T06bi MaHHIIYJIHpOBaTb CBOHMH CJiyraMH. 0Ha o6pa-
IUaJiaCb C npH.D;BOpHbiMH-nOJIHTHKaMH, KaK 6y,n;TO OHH
6biJIH ee 6JIH3KHMH ,n:py3b.siMH, H .D;JIH CaMbiX 6JIH3KHX
npH.D;)'Mbma.Jia npo3BHIUa: EepJIH 6biJI C3p )lyx, BaJib-
CHHraM - MaBp, P3JIH - Bo.n;a, JlecTep - fJia3a, a
XaTToH - BeKH. JlecTep H XarroH no.n;nHchma.JIH csoH
nHCbMa I< HeH 3Ha"tJ:KaMH, H306pa)ICaBIDHMH JiaCKaTeJib-
Hbie HMeHa, H Ha cepbe3HOCTb BTOpOH nOIIbiTKH AJiaH-
COHa )KeHHTbC.si Ha HeH yKa3biBaeT TO, "liTO OH 6biJI ee
JI.s:~ryrnoHOK, a ero .n;osepeHHOe JIHU:O CHMbe -
ee
06e3bHHKa.
JKH3Hb .n;sopa npe,ncTaBJIHJia co6oii ycTaHOBJieH-
HbiH Ha6op o6p.si.D;OB CBeTCKOrO xapaKTepa .D;JIH nO"tJ:H-
TaHH.si 3eMHOH 6orHHH C BKpanJieHH.siMH H3 HHTHMHbiX
3HaKOB BHHMaHHH K o6o)KaeMo:ll )KeHIUHHe. KaK H co
3HaTbiO, EJIH3aBeTa o6MeHHBaJiacb HOBoro.n;HHMH no-
.LJ;apKaMH CO CBOHMH COBeTHHKaMH, CJIY)ICHTeJIHMH .D;BO-
pa, npH.D;BOpHbiMH, cppeHJIHHaMH H I<aMep,nHHepaMH.
XOTH CO CTOpOHbi KOpOJieBbi 3TOT npOl{eCC BCKOpe CTaJI
Ka3eHHbiM, OH 6biJI 3a.n;yMaH KaK CHMBOJI 6JIH3KHX OT-
IIOIIIeHHH. MHorHe ,napbr EJIH3aBeTe OJIHileTBOpHJIH
JIH'·I:HYIO npe,naHHOCTb TeX, KTO llCKaJI ee MHJIOCTH. B
1578 r. XaTTOH rro.n;apHJI
6•
~rrpeKpacHoe H3,nemre H3 30JIOTa, rrpe.n;cTaB-
JIHIOIUee co6oif 6pMJIJIHaHTOBblH KpeCT, nOJIHOCTbiO
COCTOHIUHH H3 MCJIKHX 6pHJIJIHaHTOB H KpaCHBOi-'I


)Kei\flJ:Y)KHOH I10,[(BeCK11, C I10pTpeTOM KOpOJieBbl
Ha o6paTHO.Jii CTOpOHe; KpOMe TOfO, 113,[(eJII1C H3
30JIOTa c 113o6pa)KeH:neM co6aK:n, BeAyme:H "l!eJio-
BeKa "l!epe3 MOCT, TeJIO ero H3 MeJIKHX 6p:HJIJI:HaH-
TOB H py6HHOB H Tpex MaJieHbKHX )KeM"l!y)KHbiX
IIO,[(BeCOK, Ha o6paTHOM CTOpOHe Haii:HCaHbl orrpe-
,[(eJieHHbie CTHXH~ 14 •
B OTBeT Ha 3TH TI.IJ;aTeJibHO Bbi6paHHbie 3HaK:H BHH-
MaH:H~ OH rroJiy"ll:nJI 400 yHu:n:H H3.[(eJI:n:i1: H3 rro3oJio-
"lleHHoro cepe6pa, rro Becy .B "lleTbipe pa3a 6oJihiiie,
lleM KaKOH-HH6y.[(b .[(pyro:i1: rrpH.[(BOpHbiH.
EJI:n3aBeTa Harrpaiii:nBaJiacb, rrp:n 3TOM O"l!eHb Ha-
CTOH"lli1BO, Ha HeBepO~THbie IIOXBaJibl, BbiHY)K.[(~ CBO-
HX rrpH.[(BOpHbiX 1Ip0113HOCI1Tb O"lleBH.[(HYIO JIO)Kb. 0Ha
HaB~3biBaJia HM pOJib 060)KaTeJie:i1: ee KaK CB~TbiHH H
B OCHOBY ,[(BOpUOBOH p:nTOpHKH IIOJIO)KI1Jia IIOKJIOHe-
HI1e ~K06bi rrpHCYI.IJ:11M e:i1: Ka"l!eCTBaM. 3.[(yap.[( ,lla:i1:ep
roBopHJI KpHcTocpepy XaTTOHY B OKT~6pe 1573 r.,
"liTO JIY"lJ:IIIe Bcero OH coxpaHHT pacrroJIO)KeH:ne Kopo-
JieBbi, Ha KOTopoe rrpeTeH.[(OBaJI :n rpacp 0Kccpop.[(,
rrp:n ITOMOI.IJ:I1 JieCT11: «H11K0f,[(a He IIOKa3biBa:i1:, "liTO Tbl
CI1Jibll0 OCY)K,[(aeiiib ee CJia6bie CTOpOHbl, HO BMeCTO
3T0f0 pa,[(OCTHO BOCXI1I.IJ;a:i1:c~ TeM, "liTO B HeM .[(OJI)KHO
6biTb, KaK 6y.[(TO 3TI1 Ka"lleCTBa .n;eHCTB:HTeJibHO y Hee
eCTb~. XaTTOH IIOCJie,ll;OBaJI 3TOMY COBeTy H CTaJI OT'b-
~BJieHHbiM JibcTeuoM. B Hione 1573 r. OH rr11caJI EJI:n-
3aBeTe 113 AHTBepneHa:
«BoT y)I<e .n;Bena.n;uaTbiH .n;eHb ~ He BH)KY ~p­
KHX Jiy"l!eH TOfO COJIHUa, KOTOpOe .n;aeT CBeT MOe-
MY pa3yMy :n cep.n;uy. 5I rrpeBpamaioch B Herro-
H~THoe cyi.IJ;eCTBO. ll03BOJibTe )Ke MHe, Ma.n;aM,
IIOKI1HYTb 3TY ,li;OCa)K,ll;aiOI.IJ:YIO TeHb, HaCKOJibKO


~
KopoAesa H ABOp
~
l'l~====~T.9.!
Moe Boo6pa)l(emie TaK11M npeKpacnhiM cnoco6oM
CMO)l(eT np11BeCTI1 Memi K BaM, 11 no3BOJibTe MHe
np11BeTCTBOBaTb Bac TaK: )l(I1BI1 Bcer.n:a, BOCXI1T11-
TeJibHeihuee C03.l(aime, 11 noJIIo611 KaKoro-Im6y.lJ:b
MY)l(':liUIY, ':lT06bi noKa3aTb CBOIO 6Jiaro.n:apHOCTb
Eory 3a TO, 'iTO on TaK cTapaJic5I, co3.n:aBa5I
Te65I~ 15 •
0)!(11,l(aJII1Cb caMhie HeBepo5ITHbie 3aBepeH115I B Be':l-
HOM o6o)l(aHI111, 11 rpacp 3cceKc - 11 ero ceKpeTa-
p11 - B COBepiiieHCTBe OBJia,l(eJII1 3TI1M CTI1JieM. ili1Cb-
MO oT 3cceKca K EJI113aBeTe B 1591 r. o6emaJio:
~,l(Ba OKRa B Ka611neTe Barnero BeJII1':leCTBa
6y.n:yT noJIIocaMI1 Moero noJiyrnap115I, r.n:e, noKa
Barne BeJII1':leCTBO co6JiaroBOJII1T MeH5I TepneTb,
5I ocTanych ne.n:BI1)l(HbiM 11 np11B5I3aHHbiM. Kor.n:a
Barne BeJII1':leCTBO pern11T, 'iTO 5I ne.n:ocTOI1H :=noro
pa5I, 5I He yna.n:y, KaK 3Be3.n:a, no 6y.n:y norJIOIUeH,
KaK nap, TeM COJIHI~eM, KOTOpoe B03BbiiliaeT MeH5I
na TaKyiO Bepnnmy. lloKa Barne BeJII1':leCTBO .n:aeT
MHe pa3pernen11e roBop11Tb, ~rTo 5I Bac JII06JIIo,
MOe C':laCTbe, TaK )l(e Kai< l1 M05I JII060Bb, HH C ':leM
necpaBimMo. EcJIH Kor.n:a-nH6y.n:h Bbi JIHiliHTe
MeH5I :=noro npaBa, Bbi CMO)l(eTe JIHiliHTb MeH5I
)l(J131UI, HO He nOKOJie6aTb MOe nOCT05IHCTBO, noc-
KOJibKY ,l(a)l(e eCJIH 6bi BC5I CJia,l(OCTb Barneif Ha-
Typbi B.n:pyr npeBpaTHJiacb B )l(eCTO':lai1:rnyiO ro-
pe':lb, KaKa5I TOJibi<O MO)l(eT 6biTb, He B Barne:H
BJiaCTH, npHTOM 'iTO Bbi BeJIHKa5I KopoJieBa, 3a-
cTaBHTb MeH5I JII0611Tb Bac MeHbrne~.
Kor.n:a Y OJITep P:?JIH 6biJI JIHrnen .n:ocTyna K Ko-
poJieBe 3a To, 'iTO OT nero 3a6epeMeHeJia 3JIH3a6eT
TpoKMOpToH, on nocJiaJI Po6epTy CecHJIY nHCbMO,
ot.reBH,n;Ho npe.n:na3Ha':lemwe .l(JI5I noKa3a KopoJieBe:


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKaSI
~
l'l~=====-~Jil
~5!, I<OTOpbiH npHBbiK cosepu:aTb ee, Kor.n:a
OHa CI<aKaJia Ha KOHe, Kai< A.n:eKCaH.n:p, OXOTH-
JiaCb, KaK ,l.l)taHa, BbicTyrraJia Ha rrporyJIKe, KaK
BeHepa, I1 rrpH 3TOM JierKHH BCTepOK OBeBaJI ee
6eJIOKypbie BOJIOCbl BOKpyr ee He)f(HbiX meK, KaK
y HHMcpbi, I1 HHOfJ{a OHa CHJ{eJia B TeHH, I<aK 6o-
fHH5I, :m-wr.n:a neJia, KaK aHreJJ, nHor.n:a nrpaJia,
I<aK Op¢eif; cosepu:aTb! IleqaJib a noM Mnpe o.n:-
Ha)K.LJ:bi onm6Jiacb u:eJihiO I1 JIHlliHJia MeH5I ace-
ro~t6.
3To 6biJIO a 1592 r., Kor.n:a EJIH3aBeTe 6hiJIO
lliCCTb.LJ:CC5IT JieT, H He 6oiJIO y)f(e HH 6eJIOKypoiX BO-
JIOC, HH He)KHbiX IUCK!
Ho c aospacTOM rrpHT5I3aHH5I KopoJieBbi na JieCTb
HHCKOJibKO He YMCHblliHJIHCb. cDpaHU:Y3CKHH IIOCOJI CO-
o6:w;aJI B 1597 r., 'ITO OHa HMeJia 06biKHOBeHHC Ha3bi-
BaTb ce65I CTapofi II r JIYIIOH liJIH IIJIOXO OT3biBaJiaCb 0
CBOCM pasyMe J{JI5I TOro, 'IT06bi TYT )f(e YCJibilllaTb nox-
BaJiy CBOHM TaJiaHTaM. Ilbllllllble 3peJIHIUa IIpH .LJ:BOpC
TO)Ke 6niJIH COCpeJ{OTO'IeHbl Ha J{OCTOHHCTBaX KOpOJie-
Bbl, IIpOI13HOCHJII1Cb I13biCI<aHI-Ibie MCTa¢opH'IeCKHe 3a-
5IBJICIUI5I 0 ee CJiaBe. B KOHU:e 70-x rr. TIOC.LJ:HHKH B
,llCHb BOClliCCTBI15I na rrpeCTOJI 17 H05I6p5I, KOTOpbiC
paiiblliC 6biJI:H IIpOCTO 6yHHbiM J{BOpU:OBbiM CIIOpTOM,
6biJIH rrpenparQeHbi a oqn-Iu:naJihHoe rry6mP-moe 3pe-
mnne, D I<OTOpOM 3HaTHbie JIOp.l-(bl I1 IIpH.LJ:BOpHble B
KOCTIOI\iaX OTBa)KHblX pbiU:ape}r BCJIII TyprnipHblC 6on
B 'ICCTb B03BC,L(CHJ-IOH B n.n:eaJI I<OpOJICBbi-J{CBCTBCIUm-
U:bi. ITo rrpa3J{HHI-\aM BCCb ,[(BOp 6biJI BOBJIC'-ICH B po-
J!CBbiC nrphr, cTaBlliHe puTyaJioM. B 1579 r., Kor.n:a
AJiancon J_- lQ6HaaJIC5I ee pyKH, nprr .n:aope 6biJia rroc-
TaaJiena CJIO)KHM aJrJieroprr5I yxa)KHBaHH5I. ,llae rpyrr-
IIhJ pF>mape.H-, rrpe.n:cTaBJI5Iromrre J-KeJiarm:e rr 0T'Ia5I-


ftt====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=A=B=o=p====JH
HUe, cpa)KaJIJICb JI3-3a ,[{eBCTBCHI-IOCTII KOpOJieBbl, a B
3TO BpeiDI )KlfBaJI KapTnHa H3o6pa)KaJia KperrocTb co-
BepmeHHOH KpacoTbi, rrpe.n:cTaBJIHIOIUYIO EJin3aBeTy,
KOTOpyiO OCa)KL{amr IIYIIlKII, CTpeJIHIO:W:Jie Ha.n:ymeH-
HOH Do.n:oH: n KoH¢eTaMn, a Harra.n:aiOmne 6pocaJIH
u:BeTbi K CTeHaM HerrpncryrrHoro 3aMKa. ,l(o6po.n:eTeJib
3amn:w:aJia 3aMOK n ycrremHo OTPa)KaJia aTaKH )KeJia-
HliH.
TaKne llbiiilHbie 3peJinma '!aCTJI'IHO 6brJin rry6-
JIH'IHOH rrponaraHL{OH, HO OHII TaK)Ke BHymaJIII Macce
yqacTHIIKOB orrpe.n:eJieHHbie lf,[{en. PnTopHKa H pnTy-
aJI rrpe.n:aHHOCTII 6biJIII He rrpOCTO )KeHCKOH <fJaHTa-
3He:i1: HJIII raJiaHTHbiM CTJIJieM; OHII CJIY)KIIJIJI o6paM-
JieHHeM L{JIH IIOJIIITJil-IeCKIIX OTHOIIleHJIH II IIOCTOHH-
HbiM yKperrJieiUieM II03HU:IIH rrpe.n:aHI-IOCTII. C 1586 r.
cpe.n:n IIpliL{BOpHbiX CTaJIO MOL{OH HOCHTb MIIHJiaTIOpbl
HJIII yKpameHHble .n:parou:eHHbiMH KaMHHMJI KaMel! C
rropTpeTOM EJIH3aBeTbi KaK 3HaqKH rrpe.n:aHHOCTH -
TOJibKO 'ITO He KJieHMO BJia,lf;eJibU:a. <!>p3HCHC ,l(peHK,
XaTTOH, Xmre.n:)f< II BaJibCHHraM 3aKa3aJIH CBOH rrop-
TpeTbi C TaKHMH Me,[{aJibOHaMH, II ,[{a)Ke CTapeiOI{lliH
EepJIH 6biJI H3o6pa)KeH c KaMee.H KopoJieBbi Ha mJIH-
rre. Emi3aBeTa 6biJia caMoyBepei-ma, no .n:ypo.H OHa ne
6biJia: 01-Ia 3HaJia, qTO eH OKa3biBaJIH BHHMai-me MeJI-
KliMH IIOCTYIIKaMH II JI)KHBOH JieCTbiO - HO OHa XOTe-
Jia, '!T06br TaK II 6brJio, rroToMy 'ITO 3TO B03BbrmaJio
ee HaL{ OCTaJibHbiMH II BbiHY)KL{aJIO OTHOCHTbCH K Hell
C Kpa:i1:neH IIO'ITHTeJibHOCTbiO TeX, C KeM Olla pa6oTa-
Jia. IIpH.llBOpHbie H rroJIHTHKH Bn)THBaJIHCb B TeaT-
paJibHbie 3afOBOpbl, 'IT06bi o6MaHyTb ce6HJI BeCb MHp:
mm pa3hlrpbiBaJIH rrpeyBeJiw-IeHHhre BepcHH rrpe.n:cTaB-
JieHnH 0 ,[{eHCTBHTeJibHOCTII, KaKOH OHa ,[{OJI)KHa 6bi
6bl'fb, lf, yqacTBYH B 3TOM, OHH KOe-'!eMy Ha'-IHHaJIH
BepnTb.


R ===E=A=H=3=a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=~c=I=<a=n:=== B
To, "liTO Emi3aBeTa BbiCTaBJUIJia ce65l Kmc o6b-
eKT )KCJiaHH5l BCCX CBOHX rrpH,UBOpHbiX H rrpe,n:a:rmyJO
B03JII06JieiUIYIO HCKOTOpbiX H3 HHX, CTaBHJIO cppe:H-
JIHH B Tpy,n:Hoe n YR3BIIMoe rroJIO)Ker-me. 0Hn: :>KIIJIH
B aTMOCcpepe, Ha3JICKTpli30BaHHOM CCKCOM, HO liM He
pa3pernaJIOCb copenHonaTbC5l c KopoJienoil. Kor.n:a .n:o
EJIII3aneTbi .n:ornJin: JIO:>KHbie cJiyxn: o TOM, "liTO JleTn:-
UII5! ,lla,UJIII C06IIpaeTC5l IIOCJIC,UOBaTb 3a CBOHM My-
:>KCM JleCTepoM B HII,n:cpJiaH,Ubi n yCTpon:Tb TaM .n:nop
BHUe-KOpOJI5l, OHa pa36yrneBaJiaCb: ~ Y Hee B ycJiy-
:>KCHHH He 6y,n:eT Hn:KaKoro ,n:pyroro .n:nopa, KpoMe ee
C06CTBCHHOrO!~ llaCTHl.:IHO HMCHHO ,UJI5l TOrO, l.:IT06bi
rro.n:ann:Tb BC5IKHX rrpn:nJieKaTeJibHbiX correpHHU, EJin:-
3aBeTa IIbiTaJiacb yCTaHOBHTb rrpn: .n:nope CTporyJO
ceKcyaJibHYJO .n:n:cun:rrmmy, oco6e:rmo ,UJI5l He3aMy:>K-
nn:x cppeMJIHH - H, pa3yMeeTC5l, perryTaUII5! KOpOJie-
Bbi-,UeBCTBCHHHUbi IIOCTpa,n:aJia 6bi, CCJIH 6bi cppeil-
JIHHbi 6e3 KOHUa 6epeMeneJin:! B 1581 r. 3HH Bana-
cyp n: rpacp 0Kccpop.n: yro,n:n:Jin: B Tayap rrocJie Taro,
rcaK 3mr po,n:n:Jia B KOMHaTe cppeilmm. B 1591 r.
rrpH,UBOpHbiii IIOIIaJI B TI-OpbMY 3a TO, "liTO :=mcpeMHC-
THl.:leCKH na3biBaJIOCb ~MHCTpn:c CayTy3JIJI 3axpoMa-
Jia~ 17 , a o.n:noro H3 ,lla,n:Im H3rnaJin: H3 .n:nopa 3a TO,
"liTO OH rroueJIOBaJI ¢pe}immy. B 1592 r. B Tayap
rrorraJin: YoJITep P:=Jmr n: 3Im3a6eT TpoKMOpTOH, TaK
KaK oua 3a6epeMeneJia, XOT5l onn: y)Ke IIQ)KeHHJIHCb
panbrne, l.:leM 3TO CTaJIO H3BeCTIIO. B 1598 r. rpacp
CayTrCMIITOH 6e:>KaJI B IIapn:>K, Kor.n:a rcopoJiena y3-
na;ra o ero CB5!3H c 3Jin:3a6eT Bepnon, n: n:x o6mrx
3aKJIIO ...IHJIH B Tay:=Jp, Kor.n:a on nepnyJic5l, l.:IT06bi :>Ke-
HHTbC.H Ha HeM. fpacp IJeM6pyK 6biJI IIOCa)KeH B
1601 r., Kor.n:a rrpn:3naJic5l, "liTO Mapn: C!>n:TTOH po.n:n:-
Jia MepTBOrO pe6emca OT HCrO, a H03:>KC OH 6biJI OT-
J!Y'IeH OT ,li;BOpa, KOr,n:a OTICa3aJIC5l )KCHHTbC5l.


lffl====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=A.=B=o=p====jft
llolinr TaK :>Ke, KaK BHe6paqHhiC CB.H3M, Em-Ba-
BeTa He BbiHOCMJia 6paKM IIpM,UBOpHbiX: OHa CTapa-
JiaCb IIOHelliaTb ¢peliJIMHaM M IIpM,UBOpHbiM ,UaMaM
BbiXO,UHTb 3aMy:>K M 3JIMJiaCb, eCJIM OHM 3TO ,UeJiaJII,I
6e3 ee o.n;o6peHM.H. B 1585 r. <l>paHcec foBap.n: crrpo-
CMJia KOpOJieBy, MO:>KHO JIM eli BbiliTM 3aMy:>K 3a rpa-
¢a XepT¢op.n:a; Ta 3arrpeTMJia. Kor.n:a napa He rroc-
JryrnaJiacb M OHM Bee paBHO rro:>KeHMJIMCh, EJIM3aBeTa
6brJia BHe ce6.H OT .HpoCTM. Kor.n:a M3pM IlleJITOH 3a-
xoTeJia BhiliTM 3aMy:>K, EJIM3aBeTa ee rro6MJia M CJIO-
MaJia eli rraJie~. Kor.n:a M3pM ApyH.n:eJI rrorrpoCMJia
pa3perneHM.H, EJIM3aBeTa rroo6eiiJ.aJia, liTO .n:o6beTc.H
corJiaCM5I ee OT~a - HO, IIOJIYliMB era IIMCbMO C o.n:o6-
peHMeM, OHa CTaJia M3,UeBaTbC5I Ha,U ,UeBylliKOli M CKa-
3aJia eli: ~KJI.HHYCb, OHO HMKOr.n:a He rrorra.n:eT Te6e B
pyKM, TaK liTO 3aHMMalic.H CBOMM .n:eJioM!~ 18 . B 1594 r.
13pM.U:>KMT MaHHepe, IIOHMMa.H, liTO ecJIM crrpocMT y
KOpOJieBbl pa3perueHM5I, TO IIOJiyqMT OTKa3, 6e:>KaJia
OT .n:Bopa M BhirnJia 3aMy:>K 3a Po6epTa TMpMTa; rra-
po'-IKY Bbi3BaJIM B JlOH,UOH, DpM,U:>KMT IIOCa,UMJIM IIO,U
,UOMalliHMli apeCT, a TMpMT BbllliCJI M3 TIOpbMbl TOJib-
KO Kor.n:a 3a6oJieJI. EJIM3aBeTa 3JIMJiacb M3-3a 6oJih-
lliMHCTBa IIpM,UBOpHbiX 6paKOB - JlecTepa, C3p<l
<l>MJIMrrrra CM.UHM, C3pa ToMaca ITeppoTa, Po6epTa
K3pM M ,l.(:>KoHa BMHr¢MJI.n:a, a TaroKe XapT¢op.n:a,
CayTreMIITOHa, P3JIM M TMpMTa.
Bo3MO:>KHO, ceKcyaJibHa.H peBI-IOCTh 6brJia rJiaB-
Holi rrpMqMnoli ee rrponmo.n:elicTBM.H, M6o 3aMeqeno,
liTO HerrpM5ITHOCTM 06hiliHO CJiyqaJIMCb IIOCJIC IIpOBa-
Jia ee co6cTBenHoro 6paKa c AJiaHCOHOM (M rrocJie
)KeimTb6hr JlecTepa Ha JleTM~MM HoyJIJI3). MmKeT,
3TO 6biJia 3aBMCTb CTapeiOIIJ.Cli :>KeHIIIMHbl K rrpe;rec-
T.HM MOJIO,UbiX: B KOHl(e KOII~OB, KOr,Ua eli 6hiJIO OKO-
JIO 1'pM;n:~aTM II.HTM, ona :>I<e rroca.n:MJia roJIJiaH.n:cKoro


~ EAH3aseTa I· AHrAu:ikKaH
~
lll~=====~JI!
aJIXIIMHKa B TailHoii Jia6opaTopuu B CoMepceT Xay-
3e, ~IT06hi OH HarneJI 3JIHKCHp MOJIO,ll;OCTH! Ho ,n:a:>Ke
Kor,n:a ee nepenoJIIUIJIH liYBCTBa, EJiu3aBeTa, no Kpa:H-
Heii Mepe liaCTJfliHO, npoao,n:uJia ITOJIHTHI<y. Ona xo-
TCJia, liT06bi ee OKpy:>KaJIH O,ll;HHOKHe ITOKJIOHHHKH-
XOJIOCTHKII - XOTH II3 CaMbiX 6JIH3KIIX TOJibKO XaT-
TOH COfJiaCHJICH Ha O:>KH,n:aeMyiO :>KepTBY. 0Ha Ha,ll;e.H-
JiaCh CTaTb B l(eHTpe BHHMaHHH - a 3HaliHT, H BJiaC-
TH. Ho, CaMOe fJiaBHOe, OHa XOTeJia ITOMelliaTb TOMy,
liT06hi :>KeHmHHbl BOKpyr Hee CTaHOBHJIHCb opy,n:ueM
MY:>KliHH-ITOJIHTHKOB H ncKaTeJieii ,n:oJI:>KHOCTeii. 0Ha
XOTeJia, liT06hi :>KeHII~HHbl BOKpyr Hee 6hiJIH npe,n:-
aHhl npe:>K,n;e BCero eif H He BMelliHBaJIHCb B ITOJIHTH-
KY. BcKope ITOCJie BOCllieCTBHH OHa C03Ba.Tia :>KeHmHH
caoero Ka6uHeTa H npuKa3aJia HM ~HHKor,n:a He pa3-
roaapuaaTb c Heii Ha ,n:eJIOBbie TeMhi~ 19 • E,n:HHCTBeH-
HhiM ITOJIMTHKOM B I06Ke ,ll;OJI:>KHa 6hiJia OCTaBaTbCH
I<opoJieBa.
l1cTopuKu, KaK npaBHJIO, CliHTaiOT, liTO EJIM3aae-
Te y ,n:aJIOCh co3,n:aTb anoJIMTHliHbiH JIMliHhiH Ka6uHeT,
H B IIO,n:,n:ep:>KKY 3TOfO MHeHHH cymecTByeT HCCKOJibKO
,n:oKa3aTeJihCTD. PoyJiaH,n: BoH, nJieM.HHHHK fi11anrn
IIappu H3 Ka6mieTa Ee BeJiulieCTBa, acnoMHHan:, ~ITO
~Bo apeMeHa KOpoJieBhi EJiu3aBeTa MHJie,n:u YopuK,
MHCTpHC fiJiaHlli H MHJIC,ll;H CKbiO,ll;aMOp D MeJIKHX MHp-
CKHX ,n:eJiaX IIOJih30BaJIHCb B03MO:>KHOCTbiO IIOMOlib CBO-
HM ,n:py3h.HM ... ITOTOMY liTO HHKTO H3 3THX (pO,ll;HbiX H
6JIH3KHX) ,n:aM He OCMeJIHJICH 6hi BMelliHBaThCH B Ka-
KOH-TO CTeiieHH B ,a:e.T!a rocy,n:apCTBa~. )KeHmHlibi ,n:o-
6HBaJIHCb ITOKpOBHTCJibCTBa, XOTH H He B ITOJIHTHKe.
Ho BoH, H ,n:pyrue KOMMeHTaTOpbl ITOCJie Hero, Ha-
npHMep, Po6epT KaHTOH, Ha ocnoaanuu CBoero OIThi-
Ta 6biJIH HacTpoeHhi npoTHB ,n:aopa 5II<oaa I, u o ,n:Bo-
pe EJIH3aBCTbi OHH ITI1CaJII1 TO, liTO XOTCJIII 6hi TaM


~
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
lll-u.. ============== ~Jil
yBH,lleTh. Mnenwe coBpeMeHHHKOB EJIH3aBeThi 6hiJIO
HHbiM. B 1578 r. mmcTpaHHbiH na6JIIo.n:aTeJih rrpw
,llBOpe ,llOKJia,llbiBaJI, l.J:TO KOpOJieBa 06Cy)l(,llaJia CO CBO-
I1MH .n:aMaMw rroJIHTHl.J:eCKHe ceKpeThi, Tai< l.J:TO ny)i<Ho
6hiJIO c6JII13HTbC51 c nwMn H y3naTb, l.J:TO rrpowcxo.n:wT.
YoJITep P:mw C"tmTaJI, l.J:TO )KeHIU:IU-Ibi MoryT rrory6wTb
HOJIHT:HKa; OHM, fOBOpHJI OH, ~KaK Be,llbMb!~, ~CIIO­
C06Hbie HaiieCTI1 CHJlbHbiH Bpe.n:, HO He rrpHHeCTI-1 HYI -
ICaKOfO .n:o6pa~ 20•
EJiw3aneTa KOHel.J:HO )l(e wcrroJih30BaJia cBowx .n:aM
B Kal.J:eCTBe wcTOl.J:HHKa rroJIHTHl.J:eCKHX crrJieTeH. B
1569 r. ona ycJibiiiiaJia o 3aMhiCJie Bbi,llaTh 3aMy)l(
Mapwro CTroapT 3a Hop¢oJIKa OT ~KaKwX-TO 6oJIT-
JIHBbiX 6a6~, KaK )l(aJIOBaJIC51 JiecTep21 • B 1586 r.
EJiw3aBeTa Y3HaJia Koe-KaKyro rrpaB.n:y o rroBe.n:eHww
JiecTepa B Hw.n:epJian.n:ax OT rrpw.n:BopHbiX ,n:aM -
XOT51, Bep051THO, 113 TOfO )l(e HCTOl.J:H:HI<a HCXO,UHJia 11
JIO:tJ<I-Ia51 11CTOpH51 0 TOM, l.J:TO ero )l(eHa exaJia K HeMy,
l.J:T06bi C03JJ:aTb CBOH ,llBOp. I10H51THO TaK)Ke, l.J:TO MO:>K-
HO 6biJIO ncrroJib30BaTb )Kemu;mi, l.J:T06bi Y3HaBaTb
Ba:>KHbie Beii~H 0 3aMbiCJiaX KOpOJieBbi 11 ,lla:>Ke BJIU-
51Tb Ha ee Mnenwe. ,llBe .n:aMbi 113 I<a6wneTa 6biJIH
rrpwroBopeHbi K ,n:oMarnHeMy apecTy B 1562 r. 3a rro-
MOIIJ;b IIIBe.n:cKoMy KOpOJIIO, .n:o6wBanrneMyc51 pyKw
EJiw3aBeTbi. B 1564 r. wn¢opMa:U:H51 o KaH.n:w.n:aTax B
aHrJIHHCKwe rrpe.n:cTaBI1TeJIYI na rroxopmmx wMrrepa-
Topa rrorraJia K CecwJiy OT )l(CHlUHH 113 Ka6wHeTa.
Bepo51THO, wMenno Cecw.TI oprm-m3oBaJI B 1569 r.
KaMrranwro HamerrTbiBanwii rrpoTYIB Hop¢oJIKa, a B
1572 r, Cl>p:=mcwc KepbiO BOCI10Jlb30BaJIC51 CBOHM BJIH-
51!-IHeM Ha .n:aM, l.J:T06bi yroBopwTb Emf3aBeTy na3na-
'IHTb ero rrocJIOM B llloTJiaH.UHIO. B 1581 r., KOUt,a
I<opoJieBa 3a51BHJia, l.J:TO BbiXO.UHT 3aMy:>K 3a AJianco-
IIa, XaTTOH w JiecTep rro.n:roBopnJiw )I<enmnH, "tJT06bi


~ EAH3aseTa I AHrAm1cKaJI
~
l'l~========A>'T~
OHJ.f BCIO HOqb C BOeM l1 IIJiaqeM paCCKa3biBaJili 06
y)Kacax ceMeihmil: )Kll3HH, .n;a6br 3arryraTb EJIH3aBe-
TY. K TOMY BpeMeHH, Kor,n:a Po6epT nHJI narrHcaJI B
1592 r. CBOll COBeTbl 0 TOM, KaK CTaTb fJiaBHbiM CeK-
peTapeM, Ba)KHOCTb Jlllqnoro Ka6HHeTa B IIOJillTllqec-
KOll )Kll3Hll 6biJia TBep,n:o ycTaHOBJieHa: CeKpeTapb
,n:OJI)KeH 6biJI ,n:eHCTBOBaTb COBMeCTHO CO CBOllMll
,n:py3b.HMH B Ka6HHeTe.
PoJib ,n:aM Ka6HHeTa B pacrrpe,n:eJieHHH MHJioc-
Teil: 6hiJia oco6eHHO .HCHa. B 1566 r . 1 Kor.n:a JlecTep
rrorraJI B M.HrKyro orraJiy 1 eMy rrocoBeTOBaJIH rrepe-
,n:aTb CBOIO rrpocb6y o 3eMeJibHbiX Ha,n:eJiax qepe3
EJiaHIII IIappH. B 1566 r. rpaqmH.H YopHK 3aMOJIBH-
Jia KOpOJieBe CJIOBe"l!I(O 3a .ll)KOHa .llH, acTpOJIOra, ll
Jie,n:H YopHK H XanTHHr,n:oH 6biJIH aKTHBHbiMH rroK-
poBHTeJihm-ru;aMH B KOHI.(e 1590-x rr. Cap Po6epT
CH,n:HH ,n:eil:cTBOBaJI qepe3 Jie,n:H CKbio,n:aMop B CBoeil:
IIpOCb6e CTaTb ry6epHaTOpOM JI.HTH IIOpTOB B 1597 r.
-
no ,n:a)Ke ee rro,n:,n:ep)KKa He MorJia rrepeBeCHTb OTpH-
u;aTCJibHoro acpcperna OT CBepxaHeprHqHoil: rro,n:,n:ep-
)KKH rpacpa 3cceKca. KaMrraHH.H no pea6HJIHTau;rnr
3cCeKca B 1599 r. 3aBHCeJia OT )KeHCKOfO BJill.HHII.H:
coo6Il.(aJIH, qTo ~Bee, qTo MO)KHO rrpH,n:yMaTb B ero
IIOJib3Y 1 ,n:eJiaCTC.H ,n:aMaMH, KOTOpbie HMeiOT .ll:OCTYII
K KopoJieBe~. Bmr.HHHe rrpH,n:BopnbiX ,n:aM 6biJIO o6-
Il.(errpH3HaHiw: B 1590-X rr. HeCKOJibKO KHllf 6biJIO
rrocB.Hll.(eno )KeHII.(HHaM H3 Ka6HHeTa Ee BeJIHqeCTBa
B Ha,n:e)K,n:e, qTo OHH o6ecrreqaT Harpa,n:bi aBTopaM. B
1601 r . .ll)KoaH Tmm ,n:oBOJibHO pe3KO 3aMeTHJia CBO-
eMy My)Ky, qTO eCJill OH He MO)KeT IIOJiyqHTb TllTYJI
IIpll IIOMOII.(ll .ll:BOpU:OBbiX IIOJillTllKOB, rryCTb Jiyqrue
BOCIIOJib3yeTC.H CBOeil: ,n:py)K60il: C ,n:aMaMH! JI03TOMY
H B noJIHTHKe, H B rroKpOBHTeJibCTBe EJIH3aBeTe rrpH-
xo,n:HJIOCb ,n:ep)KaTb CBOllX )KeHII.(llH IIO,n: KOHTpOJieM.


~
KopoAeBa 11 ABOp
..q
l:'l~======~Jil
0Ha CTapaJiaCb 3aCTaBMTb HX 60HTbCR KOpOJieBCKOfO
rHeBa, H TO, l.JTO y Hee OT IIpHpO,ll;bi 6biJI ,n;ypHoii:
xapar<Tep, eii B aTOM rroMoraJio. Oco6ermo JierKo oHa
IIO,ll;,ll;aBaJiaCb rHeBy 3a CTOJIOM: O,li;HOH ,n;aMe OHa rrpo-
TKHyJia pyKy 3a TO, l.!TO Ta HeJIOBKO rrpMCJIY.IKMBaJia,
a B 1598 r., Kor,n.a Jie,n;M MaprapeT fonap.n; HeMHoro
IIpOMe,li;JIMJia B MCIIOJIHeHHH CBOHX 06R3aHHOCTeH, OHa
BCKpHl.!aJia: ~ Y6epMTe :7TMX rrpoTMBHbiX, .n;ep3KMX
,n;eBoKI ~ 22 •
KopoJieBa EJIM3aBeTa rrpeBpaTHJia CBOM :7MOUHH B
MHCTpyMeHT IIOJIHTMKM. 0Ha rrpe,n;rrpMHMMaJia IIOIIbiT-
KH IIOJIMTMl.!eCKOfO ycTpaiiieHMR CBOMM fHeBOM H IIO-
JIMTMl.JeCKOfO o6oJibll{eHM51 CJioBaMM JII06BM. Ho, Hc-
IIOJib3YR CBOM 3MOI.{MH, l.!T06bi MaHMIIYJIMpOBaTb ,n;py-
fMMH JIIO,ll;bMH, OHa c,n;eJiaJia CBOH l.!YBCTBa cpe,n;CTBOM,
IIpH IIOMOII.{H KOTOpOrO ,n;pyrHe MaHHIIYJIHpOBaJIM eiO.
OrrpaB,n;biBaJiacb IIOl.!TM JII06a51 .IKepTBa, JIHIIIb 6br co-
xpaHHTb KopoJieBe xopornee HacTpoeHMe. 0Ha CTaJia
TaK IIpOHfpbiBaTb B KapTbi, l.JTO IIpM,li;BOpHbiM IIpHXO-
,li;HJIOCb rro.n;.n;aBaTbCR: Po.n;.IKep, Jiop,n; KepT, rrJiaTMJI
eii 40 cpyHTOB B MeC51l{ ~IIpOHfpbiiiieH~ B 1590-x IT.
HacTpoeHMe KopoJieBbi cTaJio pernaiOil{MM cpaKTopoM
IIOJIMTMl.JeCKOH .IKI13HM, H HMeHHO He06XO,ll;l1MOCTb
3HaTb, B KaKOM OHa HaCTpOeHMH, C03,ll;aJia TaKyiO BJIM-
RTeJibHYIO II03MUMIO ,li;JIR Jie,n;M 11 ,n;;KeHTJibMeHoB Ka-
6MHeTa Ee BeJIMl.!eCTBa, KOTopyro rrpM3HaBaJI DMJI n
CBOMX COBeTaX. ,ll.IKOH XapHHfTOH C006Il{aJI B 1598 f.,
KaK O,li;MH 113 ee CJiyr ~BbiiiieJI IIOCJie BCTpeqJI C HCH C
Ol.!eHb HeXOpOIIIMM Bbipa.IKeHMeM JIM!.{ a~: dlOTRHYJ1
MeH51 3a IIORC, l.JT06bi 5I OTOIIIeJI B CTOpony, l1 TaHKOM
merrnyJI: ~EcJIM y Bac cero,n;HR KaKM-nM6y,n;h rrpocn-
6a, yMOJIRIO Bac, OTJIO.IKHTe ee .n;o ,n;pyroro pa3a; ce-
ro.n;nR COJIHI.{e He CBeTHT!~ -
<<3TO BCe H3-3a 3Tl1X


R===E=A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=v=CK=a"=il==JH
rrpOK.JHITbiX HCIIaHCKHX ,n:e.JI, I103TOMY ~ He rrpe,n:cTaHy
rrepe.n: )KeJil.J:HOCTbiO Ee BeJIHl.J:eCTBa, a TO H caM rro-
)KCJITeiO:~> 23 .
Jlio6oBb Emi3aBeTbi 6biJia KpyrrHbiM rroJIHTHl.J:ec-
KHM BbiHfpbiiiieM: TOT, KTO eiO I10Jih30Ba.JIC~. CTaHO-
BHJIC~ MOry:w;eCTBeHHOH qmrypoH, CIIOC06HOH BJIH-
.HTb Ha rrpaBHTeJibCTBeHHbie peiiieHH.H H pacrrpe,n:eJie-
HHe Harpa,n:. 3TO BJieKJIO .HpOCTHYIO KOHKypeHI{HIO
3a ee o,n:o6peHHe H He06XO.D:HMOCTb ,n:eMOHCTpHpOBaTb
3HaKH ee pacrroJIO)KeHH.H. TaKa.H o6cTaHOBKa MOrJia
no Ol.!epe,n:H rrpeBpa:w;aTb EJIH3aBeTy TO B KYKOJibHH-
Ka, TO B MapHOHeTKy. B 1566 r. OHa, Ka3aJIOCb, Ha-
MepeHHO KOKeTmil.J:a.n:a c C3pOM ToMacoM XHHH,n:)KeM,
l.J:T06bi OCJia6HTb BJIH.HHHe JleCTepa BO BpeM.H )KeCTO-
KOti ¢paKIIHOHHOH 6opb6bi Me)K,n:y KJIHKaMH ,lla,n:JIH
II foBap,n:oB. B 1573 r. fHJI6epT ToJI6oT no.n:po6Ho
HaiiHCa.[I CBOeMy OTIIy, rpa¢y lllpy36epH, 0 l.J:YBCT-
BaX KOpOJICBbl K JlecTepy, 0Kc¢op,n:y H XaTTOHY H
coo6:w;a.JI o rrJiaHe (oqeBH.D:HO, Bep.JIH H JleCTepa)
rro,n:cTaBHTb ,llaH:epa KaK correpHHKa XaTTOHY B ee
rrpHB.H3aHHOCTH. 3HMOH 1588-1589 rr. HMeJIO MeCTO
ocTpoe correpHHl.J:eCTBO Me)K.n:y l.JapJib30M oJiaHTOM H
rpa¢oM 3cceKCOM, OHO rrpHBeJio K .lJ:Y3JIH: E.JIH3aBe-
Ta IIOCJiaJia DJiaHTY 30JIOTYIO KOpOJieBy H3 CBOero
IIIaXMaTHOfO Ha6opa, KOTOpyiO 011 IIOTOM HOCHJI Ha
JieHTe CBOero pyKaBa, l.J:T06bi rrpo,n:eMOHCTpiipOBaTb
ee paCIIOJIO)KeHne, l.J:TO H Bbi3BaJIO KOJIKOCTb 3cceK-
ca: ~Terrepb .H BH)Ky, l.J:TO ,n:ypaKaM ,n:eHCTBHTeJibHO
Be3eT!~ 24
TaKa.H KOHKypeHIIH.H HHOrJJ,a rrpHBO.D:HJia I< TOMY,
l.J:TO rrpH,n:BopHbie Be.JIH ce6.H KaK ,n:eTH. B 1597 r.
EJIH3aBeTa c,n:eJiaJia Jiop,n:oM-a,n:MHpaJIOM foBap,n:a n3
3¢¢HHreMa rpacpa HoTTHHreMcKoro, l.J:TO ,n:aJio eMy


~
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
l'l'U..==========A>r"Jii
rrpenMymecTBO rrepe.n 3cceKCOM, a )KaJioBaHHa5I rpa-
MOTa rro3BOJIHJia eMy pa3,ll;eJIHTb 3acJiyrn 3cceKca B
Harra.neHnn na Ka.nnc. 3cceKc He 5IBJI5IJICH HH KO .nao-
py, HH B rrapJiaMeHT, IIp.HTBOpHJIC5I 60JibHbiM If Bbi-
3BaJI Ha .ny~wb HoTnmreMa HJIH mo6oro .npyroro
foaap.na If Tpe60BaJI, 'lJT06bi H3MeHHJIH 06H,li;Hble CJIO-
Ba B rpaMOTe. 0H ycnOKOHJIC5I TOJibKO ITOCJie TOrO,
KaK EJin3aBeTa c.neJiaJia ero rpacp-MaprnaJIOM, rroc-
TaBHB TaKnM o6pa30B Bbillie HoTTHHreMa - n TYT
HaCTaJia Ol.Iepe.nh HoTTHHreMa .li:YTbCJI n rrpnTBOp5ITir
C5I 6oJibHbiM! O.nHaKo rrpn BCeM aToM pemaJIC5I Ba)K-
Hbi:ii rromnnqecKn:ii aorrpoc, TaK I<aK rrpeTeH3.HH 3c-
ceKca Ha BJIH5IHHe B IlOJIHTHKe 6biJIH OCHOBaHbl Ha
ero TaK Ha3biBaeMOM aoeHHOM ycrrexe. Eopb6a 3a
MHJIOCTb If ,li;OJI)KHOCTb - 3TO ITOCT05IHHa5I qepTa ITO-
JIHTllqecKOH )KII3HII, HO EJIII3aBeTa .noaeJia aTy 6opb-
6y .no He3.nopoao:ii ocTpOTbi. C.neJiaB rrpiiBH3aHI-IOCTb
II CeKcyaJibHOCTb 3aMeTHbiMII qepTaMII ITOJIIITIIqecKMX
OTHOllieHIIH, OHa IlO,li;H.HJia 3MOIII10HaJibHYIO TeMrrepa-
Typy rrpn .naope .no orrac.Iwro ypoBHH. BbiHYJI<,ll;aH
ITOJIHTHKOB cpa)KaTbC5I 3a ee BHHMaHne, OHa IlOOII{-
pHJia yTpnpoaaHHOe n BKCTpaaaraHniOe rroae.neHne,
qTO BeJIO K CBepX3MOIIHOHaJibHbiM IlOCTYITKaM If pe-
6HqJIIfBOH peaKIIHH. Ka3aJIOC.b, qTo Ha Hee rrpoii3!30-
.li:HT arreqaTJieHne rroKa3yxa, oHa rrpeapaTnJia Kapb-
epy rrpii .naope B .noporocT05Ill{ee rrpe.nrrpnHTne, I<O-
Topoe oKynaJIOCb cymecTBeHHo:ii narpa.no:ii. A cy3HB
CBOe rrpaBIITeJibCTBO B 1590-X rr., OHa pa3pyrnM.Ila
qecTomo6MBbie rrJiaHbi n crrpoBOIIHpoaaJia eme 6oJiee
DpOCTHOe correpHHqeCTBO 3a Te HeMHOrMe npU3hl,
KOTOpbie OCTaJIMCb.
Emi3aBeTy xaaJinJm n coapeMeHHMKH, 11 MCTo-
PHKM 3a To, 'liTO ona co3.naaaJia 11 .nep)KaJia B paBHO-


nenm cppaKI.U1H, "l!T06bi coxpaHHTb IIOJIHTWiecKyiO
cTa6HJibHOCTb. Po6epT HopToH, cJiyra 3cceKca, B
1630-x rr. rrHcaJI: ~ r JianHoif oco6eHHOCTbiO ee u;ap-
CTBOBaHH5I 6biJIO TO, "liTO OHa rrpaBHJia B OCHOBHOM
npH IIOMOI.IJ;H rpyrrrrHpOBOK l1 rrapTHM, KOTOpbie CaMa
)Ke H co3.n:anaJia, rro.n:.n:ep)KHBaJia HJIH ocJia6JI5IJia, KaK
e:i1: rro.n:cKa3biBaJI ee co6cTBeHHbiM BeJIHKHM yM~ 25 • Ho
¢paKu;HOHHa5I rroJIHTHKa eJIH3aBeTHHCKOM AHrJIHH Ka-
3aJiaCb 6oJiee IIpHBJieKaTeJibHOM IIOCJie TOfO, KaK OHH
HCIIbiTaJIH MOHOIIOJibHOe fOCIIOL{CTBO repu;ora DSKHH-
reMCKOfO B 1620 rr. B OCHOBHOM IIOJII1TH"l!eCI<l1M CTHJib
EJIH3aBeTbi XBaJIHJIH )KeJI"l!Hbie Kpl1Tl1Kl1 SIIOXH 5IKO-
Ba, TaKHe KaK cDyJII< fpeBHJI H BHJib5IM KaM.n:eH, H
3TO Ha,l{O IIOHHMaTb KaK 3aMaCKI1pOBaHHbie IIpHMe"l!a-
Hl15I K rrpaBJieHHIO 5IKOBa. He CTOHT paCCMaTpHBaTb
KOpOJieBy KaK XOJIOL{HOfO paC"l!eTJIHBOfO IIOJIHTHKa,
IIOL{L{ep)KHBaiOI.IJ;ero paBHOBeCHe CTpOfliM B3fJI5IL{OM l1
TBep.n:o:i1: pyKoif. Ha caMOM .n:eJie ee co6cTBeHHoe rro-
JIHTH"l!ecKoe IIOBe,l{eHHe l1 ee SMOIJ;HOHaJibHbie B3aH-
MOOTHOllleHH5I C HeKOTOpbiMH IIOJIHTHKaMH IIpHBOL{H-
JIH K OCTpOMY ¢paKIJ;l10HHOMY COIIepHH"l!eCTBY, KO-
TOpoe HHor.n:a rpo3HJIO KaTacTpo¢o:i1:. B 1560-x H
1590-x rr. IIpOHCXOL{liJIH OIIaCHbie ¢paKIJ;l10HHbie KOH-
¢JIHKTbi, KOTOpbie .n:ecTa6HJII13I1pOBaJIH aHrJIHMCKyiO
rroJIHTHKY. Eopb6a Me)K.n:y rpyrrrrHpOBKaMH .lla.n:JIH H
foBap.n:a B 1565-66 rr. Bbi3BaJia r Jiy6oKoe paccJioe-
HHe BHYTPH .n:Bopa, Kor.n:a .n:Be ¢paKu;HH 6opoJIHCb 3a
paCIIOJIO)KCHHe KOpOJieBbi l1 CTapaJIHCb IIOL{OpBaTb
L{OBepHe K CBOHM COIIepHHKaM. JlecTep IlbiTaJIC5I OCy-
L{liTb CycceKca 3a .UOJI)KHOCTHbie rrpecTyrrJieHH5I B
l1pJiaH.UHH, a HopcpoJIK H CycceKc IIbiTaJIHCb .n:oKa-
3aTb, "liTO JiecTep y6HJI cnoiO )KeHy. O"l!eBH.UHOe rrpH-
CTpacTHe EJIH3aBeTbi K JiecTepy, Ka3aJIOCb, .n:eJiaJio


~
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
l:'l'U.====A>TJI.!
ee KOpOJieBOH rpyrumpOBKII, l1 <!JpaKUII.H foBap.n:a Ha-
CTaiiBaJia Ha rrpeiiMyll{eCTBax ra6c6yprci<oro 6paKa,
":!T06bi IIOMeiiiaTb CBOeMy COIIepHUKY IIOJIY"IliTb KO-
poJieBy. PyKoBo.n:nTeJiu <!JpaKUIIH C"'UTaJiu HeocTo-
pQ)KHbiM IIO.HBJI.HTbC.H 6e3 BOOpy)KeHHOfO COIIpOBO)K-
,l{eHII.H, l1 UX CBUTbi pa3JIU"'aJIUCb rrapTUHHbiMU UBe-
TaMU. CTopoHHUKU JiecTepa HOCIIJIU rryprrypHbie JieH-
Tbi, coi03HUKn Hop<!JoJIKa rro.HBJI.HJIUCb B )KeJITbiX,
rrpu L{BOpe TO l1 ,l{eJIO BCIIbiXUBaJIU IIOTaCOBKU l1 IIpU-
3biBbi K CXBaTKaM. B KOHUa KOHUOB, Kor.n:a ,l{eJIO "'YTb
6biJIO He .n:ornJio .n:o .n:y::wu Me)K.n:y JiecTepoM u Cyc-
ceKCOM, CaMa KOpOJieBa cyMeJia BOCCTaHOBUTb KOH-
TpOJib l1 pa3p.H.ZJ:l1Tb Haiip.H)KeHHYIO CUTyaUUIO KOHKy-
peHUUU - HO OL{HO BpeM.H BepO.HTHbiM pe3yJlbTaTOM
Ka3aJiacb rpa)K.n:aHcKa.H BORHa.
KoH<lJJIIIKTbi rrpu .n:Bope B 1590-x rr. Me)K.n:y rpyrr-
rriipOBKaMu 3cceKca u CecnJia 6biJIII eme 6oJiee pa3-
pyrnuTeJibHbi. Ka)K.n:oe IIOJIUTU"!ecKoe peiiieHue u Ka)K-
.n:oe o<!JuuuaJibHOe Ha3Ha"'eHIIe cTaHOBUJIOCb rrpe.n:Me-
TOM IIpUCTaJibHOfO Ha6JIIOL{eHU.H CO CTOpOHbi KOHKy-
peHTOB, u rropa)KeHue C"'UTaJiocb cepbe3HbiM y.n:apoM
no rrpecTU)KY u MorymecTBY. B 1594 r., Kor.n:a pa3bir-
pbrBaJiacb LJ:OJI)KHOCTb r JiaBHoro rrpoKypopa, 3cceKc
nacTauBaJI Ha rrpe.n:rro"'TeHuu <Dp:mcucy BaKOHY, ro-
Bop.H Po6epTy CecuJiy: ~IIocT rrpoKypopa .UJI.H <Dp:m-
cuca - 3TO TO, "'TO .H L{OJI)KeH IIOJIY"'UTb, l1 Ha 3TO .H
IIOTpaqy BCe MOU CUJibi, MOfyll{eCTBO, BJiaCTb l1 fOL{O-
BOe co.n:ep)KaHne, u 3y6aMu u KOrT.HMU 3amumy u o6ec-
rreqy TO )Ke CaMOe eMy, KTO 6bi HU BbiCTyiiaJI IIpOTIIB,
l1 eCJIU 3TOT KTO-TO BblpBeT 3TY L{OJI)KHOCTb l13 MOIIX
PYK .ZJ:JI.H
.n:pyroro, rrpe)K.n:e "!eM OH ee rroJiy"'nT, eMy
IIpiiL{eTC.H CBepHyTb C .n:oporu~. Bo MHOfOM TaKOH )Ke
6biJia IIOJIIITU"'eCKa5.I 06CTaHOBKa II B 1597 r.: ~Ilpu


,n:nope TOJibKO M pa3fOBOpOB 0 TOM, KTO nOJIY'UiT Ty
MJII1 11HYIO .n:omKnocTb~, -
cKa3aJIM c3py Po6epTy
C11,n:nH 26 • He y<-IaCTBOBaTb B KOHcpJI11KTe 6biJIO neno3-
MOJKHO, M Ka>K.D:a51 CTopona Tpe6ona1111 a6comonroiJ
nepnocTI1. Jlop.n: fpeiJ B 1598 r. JKaJioBaJic.H: ~3cceKc
3aCTaBMJI MeH.R 06n.RBI1Tb, 'ITO .R MJII1 TOJibKO ero ,n:pyr,
HJIM ,n:pyr MI1CTepa ceKpeTap.R M Tor,n:a ero npar, 3a51B-
JI.R.H, 'ITO HeiJTpaJIMTeT HeB03MOJKeH~. <l>paKI.(MOHHa51
6opb6a cKa3biBaJiach Ha KaJK,n:OM perneHI1M, M .n:nop
CTaJI IIOJIHTM'!eCKI1M MI1HHbiM nOJieM: ~)la IIOMOJKeT
MHe Eor, 3,n:ecb ceiJqac o'!eHb orracnoe npeM.R, M6o,
nOCKOJibKY r JiaBbl o6e11x cppaK1(11H HaXO,U.HTC.R 3,UeCb,
HeB03MOJKHO CKa3aTb, KaK JKe BeCTI1 ce6.R no OTHOIIIe-
HI1IO K HI1M~, - TaK ,UOKJia,UbiBaJI areHT C11,n:H11 B
1599 r.
27
B 1566 r. KopoJiene EJI113aBeTe y,n:aJiocb Bhmyc-
TI1Tb nap 113 cppaK1(110HHOfO KOHcp1111KTa 11 ocyll(eC-
TBI1Tb no KpaH:Heii Mepe cpopMaJibHoe npHMHpeHI1e
MeJK,n:y JiecTepoM 11 CycceKCOM. B 1569 r. ona cyMe-
Jia OT,UaJII1Tb JlecTepa OT rpyrrn11p0BKI1, BbiCTynaiO-
Il(eH npOTI1B CecHJia, 3anyraTb HopcpoJIKa 11 Heihpa-
JII130BaTb ero 11 OCTaBI1Tb CeBepHbiX rpacpOB B H30JI.R-
l(MH. HoB 1590-x rr. OHa He CMOrJia yJia,U11Tb JKeCTO-
KMe CTblqKH. ~Pa3,n:Opbl HMKOr,n:a He 6biJIM TaKI1MH
3JI06HbiMH,
-
npe.n:ynpeJK,n:aJIH Po6epTa CM,n:HI1 B
1596 r.,
-
HO - ona, Koro 3TO 60Jibiiie ncero Kaca-
eTc.R, HCnOJib3yeT CBOIO My,n:pOCTb Ha TO, 'IT06bi ,U0-
6MTbC.R paBHOBeCH.R, a He Ha TO, '!T06bi 3aCTaBHTb
BCeX BeCTII ce6.R O,U11HaKOB0~ 28 • llpMH.RTO CBaJII1BaTb
BCe HenpM.RTHOCTH Ha '!pe3MepHbie npeTeH311H rpaq)a
3cceKca, H 6eccnopno nepHo, 'ITO 3cceKc cpa)I<aJIC.R
B KaJK,UOll 6:IITBe .l{O KOHI.(a lf BCer,n:a paCC'ii1TbiBaJI na
no6e,n:y. n peTeH31111 Ceci1JIOB na MOHOIIOJIHIO TaKJKe


Iffl====K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=A=B=o=p==== 1)jj
CTIOC06CTBOBaJnl HeCTa6:H:JibHOCTH, TaK KaK .5epJIH
rrbiTaJic~ .n:aTb CBOeMy CbiHY Po6epTy He.n;oc~raeMyiO
BJiaCTb, 'IT06bi ,l(OCJIY)KHTb ,l(O KOHU,a B u.apCTBOBa-
HHC EJIH3aBeTbi H YTBep.n;HTb .l(HHacTHIO CTIOapToB.
BosMO)KHO, rrpaB.n:a H TO, 'ITO CHH)KeHHe peaJibHbiX
,l(OXO,l(OB apHCTOKpaTHH OT 3eMeJibHbiX BJia,l(eHHH Bbi-
HY)K.l(aJIO HX O)KeCTO'IeHHee cpa)KaTbC~ 3a rroKpoBH-
TeJibCTBO B TO BpeM~, KOr,l(a BOeHHbie paCXO,l(bl 03Ha-
qaJIH COKpaiU,eHHe IU,e.l(pbiX KOpOJieBCKHX IIO)KepTBO-
BaHHH. l1 Ha CaMOM ,l(eJie, B rrpo6JieMaX IIOCJie,l(Hero
.n:ec~THJieTH~ rrpaBJieHH~ EJIH3aBeTbi BHHOBaTa 6biJia
ona caMa.
Tio Mepe TOro KaK EJIH3aBeTa CTapeJia, OHa CTaJia
pyKOBO,l(HTb rrpaBHTeJibCTBOM Ha O'IeHb Y3KOH OCHOBe,
COCTaBJieHHbiM H3 CTapHKOB H CbiHOBeif rrpe)KHHX 'IJie-
HOB CoBeTa, H COBMeiU,eHHbie ,l(OJI)KHOCTH H B03Ha-
rpa)K,l(eHH~ 6biJIH cocpe.n:oTotieHbi Bcero JIHIIIb B He-
MHOrHx pyKax. Kor.n:a cTapbie coBeTHHKH YMHpaJIH,
HX HHKTO He 3aMeH~JI: K 1597 r. B TaifHOM COBeTe
OCTaJIOCb BCero O,l(HHHa,l(U,aTb tiJieHOB, H HH O,l(HH H3
n11x He 6biJI KpyrrHbiM TeppHTOpHaJibHbiM MarHaToM.
ITpH.n;BopHbie rroTep~JIH peaJibHOe BJIH~HHe, rrpoBHH-
U.HaJibHasi 3HaTb 6biJia OTCTpaHeHa OT yrrpaBJieHH~, H
CJie.l(yiOIU,ee IIOKOJieHHe tieCTOJII06HBbiX IIOJIHTHI<OB
Ba.n:e.rm, .._ITO HX na.n:e)KtJ:bi na Kapbepy pyiiiaTc~. <I>pan-
I~Y3CI<HH IIOCOJI 3aMeTHJI B 1597 r .', .._ITO anrJIHHCKHH
.[(Bop pa3.n;eJien na rpyrrrrKH H rpyrrrrotiKH H ne.n:oBOJib-
CTBO IIIHpoKo pacrrpocrpan~JIOCb. On .n:oKJia.l(biBaJI,
tiTO rrpaBHTeJibCTBO EJIH3aBeTbi 6biJIO ~MaJio rrpH~THO
.l(JI~ 3HatiHTeJibHbiX .n:e~TeJieH: H 3Hanl, H ecm1 eH: cJiy-
tiHTC~ yMepeTb, aHrJIHtiaHe HaBepH~Ka HHKOr,l(a 60Jib-
llie He IIO.l(l.IHH~Tc~ rrpaBJieHHIO )KeHIU,HHbi~ 29 • Kasa-
JIOCb, EJIH3aBeTa BpytiHJia CBOIO cy.n;h6y CecHJiaM H


MX .n;py3b5IM, KOTOpbie 3aXBaTbiBaJIM Ba:>KHbie ,ll;OJI:>KHOC-
TU M corrpoBmK.n;momMe MX .n;oxOAbi. IIpaBMTeJI:oCTBO
CTaJIO opy.n;MCM B pyKaX e,[{UHCTBeHHOM M'6ecrrpnHI.J:MII-
HOM rpyrrrrMpOBKM.
Hey.n;nBMTeJibHO, qTo qecTomo6MBbre M oTqa5.£B-
nmec5.1 CB.H3aJIM CBOM Ha.n;e:>K.n;hr Ha rrpo.n;BM:>KeHMe c
rpacpOM 3cceKCOM, xapM3MaTMqeCKMM JIM,ll;epOM, KO-
TOpbiM 06Jia.n;aJI HeKOTOpbiM 3MOU:MOHaJibHbiM BJIM.H-
HMeM Ha KopoJieBy. PaHee EJIM3aBeTa co3.n;aJia CMC-
TeMy 3MOU:MOHaJibHbiX 065!3aTeJibCTB, B KOTOpOM IIO-
JIMTMqecKMM JIM,ll;epaM IIpMXO,[{MJIOCb BeCTM ce6.H KaK
JII060BHMKaM, a JII060BHMKM CTaHOBMJIMCb JIM,ll;epaMM.
Ho rrocJie cMepTM JlecTepa M XaTToHa OHa oT.n;eJIMJia
BJiaCTb OT JII060BHbiX Mrp: OHa KOKeTHMqaJia C 3c-
CeKCOM M P3JIM, HO rrpMHMMaJia perneHM5.1 c fiaKxepc-
TOM M CecMJIOM. XOT5I KopoJieBa rrpo.n;oJI:>KaJia Mr-
paTb B 3MOU:MOHaJibHYIO IIOJIMTMKY CO CJie.n;yiOII.J;MM
IIOKOJieHMeM, HO OHM He IIOJiyqaJIM B03Harpa:>K,[{eHMM;
OHa o6pamaJiaCb C HMMM KaK C 6JIM3KMMM JIIO,[{bMM,
HO He CJiyrnaJia MX COBeTOB. Ee JII060Bb Terrepb IIO-
JIMTMqecKM HMqero He 3HaqMJia. Te, KTO TOJIIIMJIC.H
BOKpyr JleCTepa, YBM,ll;CJIM, qTO MX O:>KM,[{aHM.H He OII-
paB,[{biBaiOTC.H, 1160 ¢paK cpaBOpMTa He .n;aBaJI ero CTO-
pOHHMKaM HMKaKMX .n;oJI:>KHOCTe:ii:. Ha .n;eJie no Mepe
TOfO KaK OCTp03MOU:MOHaJibHbie OTHOilleHM.H Me:>K.n;y
EJIM3aBeTo:ii: M 3cceKCOM cTaJIM OT.n;aBaTb ropeqbiO,
XO,ll;aTaMCTBO rpacpa IIpMo6peTaJIO ,ll;JI.H rrpOCMTeJI.H 3a-
rrax CMepTM. IIocJie Toro KaK 3cceKcy He y.n;aJIOCb
IIOJiyqMTb ,ll;OJI:>KHOCTb rrpor<ypopa ,[{JI5.1 <l>p3HCMCa 03-
KOHa B 1594 r., B CJie.n;yiOII.J;eM ro.n;y OH IlbiTaJIC.H c.n;e-
JiaTb ero reHepaJibHbiM CTp.HrrqMM, HO HaCTaMBaJI CTOJib
peiiiMTCJibHO, qTo KOpOJICBa IlpMrp03MJia OT,[{aTb ,[{0-
JI:>KHOCTb KOMY yro.n;no, TOJibKO He B::>KOHY.


~
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
lll~====~Jil
IIapnHI 3cceKca cocT05IJia M3 o6e,n:HeBirmx Jiop-
,n:oB 11 rrpH,n:BopHbix-ney,n:a':IHMKOB. 3cceKc, PaTJreH,n:,
CycceKc, CayueMrrTOH 11 MX cTopommKM 6biJIM no
ynm B .ll:OJirax l1 B TpeBore IIOCMaTpHBaJIM B CTOpO-
Hy KOpOJieBbl B IIOMCKaX cpHHaHCOBOH IIO,n:,n:epii<KM.
Ho MX rrpeTeH3MM Ha Bbiro,n:HyiO ,n:OJiiKHOCTb rrocJie-
,n:oBaTeJibHO OTKJIOH5IJIMCb, KaH,n:M,n:aTaM 3cceKCa He-
l13MeHHO rrpe.n:rro':IMTaJIMCb KaH,n:M,n:aTbi CecMJia. 3c-
ceKc l1 ero COI03HMKM He MOfJIM IIOH5!Tb, IIO':IeMy liM
He Be3eT - OHM 06BMH5IJIM COIIepHHKOB B IIO,n:TaCOB-
Ke, CaMM 6opOJIMCb 5IpOCTHee l1 He OC03HOBaJIM, 'ITO
EJIM3aBeTa rrpocTo M3MeHMJia rrpaBMJia Hrpbi. Co-
6cTBeHHoe rroJioiKeHMe rpacpa ,n:epiKaJIOCb Ha apeH-
.n:e TaMOiKeHHOH IIOlliJIMHbl Ha CJia,n:KMe BMHa, KOTO-
pyiO cJie,n:oBaJio B0306HOBMTb oceHbiO 1600 r. B OT-
':Ia5IHMM OH IIMCaJI KOpOJieBe: ~ 1Jepe3 CeMb cyTOK OT
cero,n:H5Ill1Hero ,n:H5I MCTeKaeT apeH,n:a, KOTopyiO 5I
MMeiO 6Jiaro.n:ap5I ,n:o6poTe Balllero BeJIM':IeCTBa, a
8TO X035IHCTBO - MOe OCHOBHOe cpe,n:CTBO K cymec-
TBOBaHMIO l1 e,n:MHCTBeHHa5I B03MOiKHOCTb pacrrJia-
TMTbC5I C KYIIU:aMM, KOTOpbiM 5I .ll:OJiiKeH~ 30 • Kor,n:a
EJIM3aBeTa OTKa3aJia B HoBo:H apeH,n:e, oHa Bhmy,n:M-
Jia 3cceKCa Ha OT'Ia5IHHbiH IIOCTYUOK. 8 cpeBpaJI5I
1601 f. OH l1 ero CTOpOHHMKM IIOlliJIM Ha IIOCJie,n:-
HIOIO 6e3paccy.ll:HYIO I10IlbiTKY npopBaTbC5I K IlOJIM-
TH':IeCKOMY ycnexy: OHM pelliMJIM 3aXBaTHTb KOpO-
JieBy 11 c,n:eJiaTb ee cBoe:H 3aJIOiKHMU:ei1 - HO MM He
y,n:aJIOCb rro,n:H5!Tb RoH,n:OH, 11 rrepeBopoT rroTepneJI
cpHaCKO.
EJIM3aBeTa caMa crrpoBOU:MPOBaJia M5ITeiK 3cceK-
ca. ITo Mepe coKpameHH5I I<opoJieBCKMX MMJIOCTei1
ycyry6JI5IJIC5I cppaKU:HOHHbiH KOHcpJIHKT, no EJIM3a-
BeTa OTKa3biBaJiaCb paClliHp5ITb Kpyr .lJ:OBepeHHbiX l1


06JiarO,l{eTeJibCTBOBaHHbiX JII-IIJ;. lJeCTOJII06HBble My)I(-
'-I11Hbl 6biJIII npenpai.I.J;eHbi B TIOJIHTHl.J:eCKHX HMTIOTeH-
TOB, 11 OHH OTl.J:a.?IHHO 6opOJIHCb 3a Harpa,nbi, Ha KO-
TOpbie He 6biJIO Ha,l{e)l(,l{bl. )lBOp H3 Cll;CHbl, Ha KOTO-
pOH 6JIJfCTaJia f JIOpHaHa, npenpaTHJIC5I B rp513Hbii1
,l{CTCKHH MaHe)l( ,l{JI5I CBOeKOpbiCTHbiX nepepOCTKOB C
.n:ypHbiM xapaKTepoM. KopoJiena 11 caMa 3aMeTHJia
nepeMeHy, CKa3aB B anrycTe 1601 r.: ~ Ceiiqac ne3,ne
6pO,ll;HT JI11Cb5I XI-ITpOCTb, TaK '-ITO Bp5I,l{ Jill MO:>KHO
Hailnf npe.n;ammro 11 ,nocToiiHoro qeJioneKa~. IIJia-
KaT, XO,l{I1Bll111H TIO pyKaM B JlOI-I,QOHe npHMepHO B TO
)l(e Bpel\ISI, TIOKa3biBaeT, '-ITO ,nyMaJIH Te, KTO KO ,QBO-
py He npm-m,nJie)l(aJI:
IIpuaeopubte JKaJKaaJLu ecezo,
KopoJLeea aapoeaJLa ece,
IIapJLa.frteHm y3aKOHUJL ece,
XpaHumeJLb nettamu ( 9aJKepmoH)
cKpenuJL nettamb10 ece,
)1,a.Mbt ynpaeJL.Jl.!lU eceM,
Ji1cbe CyxaR Kocmb ( eeueputtecKaR 6oJLe31-lb)
nepenopmuJL ecex,
JloeKUU aouocttU'K ( CecuJL) CJlblUtaJl ece,
EnucKonbt czJLaJKueaJLu ece,
Tom, Kmo 6btll ( 3cceKc),
ebtcmynwt nporrzue ecezo,
Cyabu npof4aJLu ece -
Ilo3moMy, ecJLu moJLbKO Bawe BeJLuttecmeo
6btcmpo ue ucnpaeum .ece,
Ee3 eeJLuK.ou .MuJLocmu EoJKM'i1
abR60llY aocmauemcR ece 31 •
(Ilepeno,n C. fop5Ii1Imna, T. fop5IiinoBo:H)


~
KopoAeaa H ABOp
~
l'l~====~Jil
Bee STO 6biJIO o"LieHb rro3opno, 11 3a ace 3TO EJII:I-
3aBeTa MOfJia 6paHI:ITb TOJibKO ce651.
IIPHMEIIAHH.H M CCbiJIKM
1. Nichols J 1823 The Progresses and Public Pro-
cessions of Queen Elizabeth (3 vols). Nichols,
vol. 3 p. 511; Melvil J 1683 The Memoires, Scott
G (ed.), p. SO
2. Loades D M 1986 The Tudor Court. Batsford,
p.8
3. Neale J E 1979 Queen Elizabeth I. Panther edn,
p. 219
4. Haynes S (ed.) 17 40 A Collection of State Pa-
pers... left by William Cecil!. Bowyer, p. 602;
Bernard G W (forthcoming) A mid-Tudor chro-
nicle, Camden Miscellany; Naunton R 1641 Frag-
menta regalia, or observations on the late Que-
en Elizabeth, her times and favorits, p. 31
5. MacCaffrey W T 1960 Talbot and Stanhope: an
episode in Elizabethan politics, Bulletin of the
Institute of Historical Research 33: 79
6. Williams PH 1979 The Tudor Reginze. Oxford,
p. 27
7. Nichols J 1823 vol. 1 p. 329
8. Beckinsale B W 1967 Burghley: Tudor states-
man. Macmillan, p. 228
9. Wilson D 1981 Sweet Robin: a biography of
Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester. Hamilton, p. 98
10. Brooks E St J 1946 Sir Christopher Hatton.
Cape, p. 156


11. Haynes S (ed.) 1740 p. 442; Pulman M B 1971
The Elizabethan Privy Council in the Fifteen-
Seventies. California, p. 48
12. Johnson P 1974 Elizabeth I: a study in power
and intellect. Weldenfeld & Nicolson, p. 157;
Neale J E 1979 p. 114
13. Brooks ESt J 1946 p. 86
14. Nichols J 1823 vol. 2 p. 74
15. Brooks ESt J 1946 pp. 87, 97
16. Neale J E 1979 pp. 328, 333
17. Bruce J (ed.) 1844 Correspondence of Robert
Dudley, earl of Leycester. Camden Society,
p. 112; Neale J E 1979 P. 332
18. Stone L 1965 The Crisis of the Aristocracy,
1558-1641. Oxford, p. 606
19. Erickson C 1983 The First Elizabeth. Macmlllan,
p. 174
20. Adams S L 1984 Eliza enthroned? The Court
and its politics, in Haigh C A (ed.) The Reign
of Elizabeth I. Macmillan, pp. 73-4; Erickson C
1983 p. 350
21.AdamsSL1984p.73
22. Collins A (ed.) 1746 Letters and Memorials of
State (2 vols), vol. 2 p. 139; Harington J 1804
Nugae Antiquae (2 vols). Park T (ed.). Vernon
& Hood, vol. 1 p. 233
23. Harlngton J 1804 vol. 1 pp. 175-6
24. Naunton R 1611 p. 34
25. Naunton R 1641 p. 6
26. Harrison G B (ed.) 1938 The Elizabethan Jour-
nals, 1591-1603 (3 vols). Routledge & Kegan
Paul, vol. 1 p. 285; Collins A (ed.) 1746 vol. 2
p. 25


~
KopoAeBa H ABOp
~
l:'l~====~jl:!
27. Calendar of Salisbury Manuscripts, vol. 8 p.
269; Collins A (ed.) 1746 vol. 2 p. 128
28. Collins A (ed.) 17 46 vol. 2 p. 8
29. De Maisse A H 1931 A Journal of All That Was
Accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse. Nonsuch,
pp. 11-12
30. Johnson P 1974 p. 403
31. Nichols J 1823 vol. 3 p. 553; Williams N 1967
Elizabeth, Queen of England. Weidenfeld &:
Nicolson, p. 345


fBABA &
KOPOAEBA H IIAPAAMEHT
Ha cBoeM TpoHe EJIM3aBeTa 6biJia KopoJieBoii-.n;eB-
cTDeHHMI..(eii; ITO OTHOIIlCHMIO K uepKBM OHa 6biJia Ma-
TepbiO, CO 3HaTbiO OHa 6biJia TCT)'IIlKOH, CBOMM COBeT-
mn<aM CBapJIHBOH )KCHOH, a .li;JI51 npH.li;BOpHbiX o60Jib-
CTMTeJibHMI..(Cll. Ho KaKoBa )Ke 6biJia no.n;xo.nmu:M )KeH-
CKM pOJib .li;JI51 KOpOJICBbl B rrapJiaMCHTe, KOf.ll;a OHa
BCTJ)eqa.rracb CO CBOMM npaB5III..(MM KJiaCCOM, pa3,n:eJieH-
HbiM Ha JIOp.li;OB H 06IIJ:MHbi? B KOHUC napJiaMCHTCKOH
CCCCHH 1566 f. OHa npOH3HCCJia pa3.n;pa)KeHHYIO pe'-ib,
D KOTOpO:fi ynpeKaJia BCeX napJiaMeHTapneB B TOM,
l.JTO OHM BMeiili1BaiOTC51 B ee .li;CJia M He ITO.ll;qJ1lUIIOTC5I
ee npaBMJiaM. B 3aKJiroqeHMe oHa ci<a3aJia:
<<XOTCJIOCb 6bi, qT06bi 3TO MOe Ha3H.n;am-te 3a-
MCI-n!JJO 6oJiee cypOBbie MCpbi, qT06bi Bbl TIOHJI-
JIM, KaK onacno MCTibiTbiBaTb Tepnemre MOHapxa;
M nycTb Moe yTememie no.n;nMMCT nam ynaBnmi1
.n;yx M TIOMOXCCT BaM TIOJiyqH1'b Ha.li;C)l(.ll;y Ha TO,
qTo Bame nocJie.n;yrom:ee noBe.n;etme 3arJia.ll;MT Banm
npOillJibie TIOCTYTIKM M Bbl BCpHeTe ce6e MMJIOCTb


R ===E=A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=H=-=cK=aH=== B
Barne:H rocy.n:apbiHH, a 3a6oTa ee o Bac TaKoBa,
l.fTO e:H He HY>KHO HarroMHHaTb, KaK Ba)I(HO Barne
6JiarOIIOJIYl.fHe~ 1.
LJ:pyniMH CJIOBaMH: ~5I BaC IIO)I(ypHJia, XOT5I CJie-
,UOBaJIO 6bi OTillJierraTb, ll IIYCTb 3T0f0 6y,n:eT ,UOCTa-
TOl.fHO - no He 3a6hiBaHTe, l.fTO Ha,n:o cJiyrnaTbC.H! He
paCCTpaHBaHTeCb, 5I BaC rrpmny, eCJill Brrpe,n:b Bbl 6y-
,n:eTe XOpOillllMll MaJibl.fHKaMH - ll He 3a6biBaHTe, l.fTO
Ha CaMOM ,UeJie H5IHIOillKa BaC JII06HT>>. J1 I-I a CaMOM
,n:eJie, 3TO 6biJI Herro.n:,n:eJibi-IbiH fOJIOC ai-IrJIHHCKOH H5II-Ib-
Kll. ITo OTI-IorueHHIO K CBOeMy rrapJiaMeHTY EJIH3aBeTa
IIpHI-15IJia TOI-l CHHCXO,UHTeJibHOfO rrpeBOCXO.UCTBa, YBC-
peHI-Ia5I, t.ITO, eCJIH OI-Ia 6y,n:eT ,UaBaTb 06'b5ICI-IeHH5I ,UO-
CTaTOl.fi-10 l.facTo H .n:ocTaTOl.fHO Me,n:JieHHO, MaJihiillH rro:H-
MyT• .ll:JI.H EJIH3aBeTbi rrapJiaMeHTapHH H 6biJIH MaJibi-
rnaMH - llHOf,Ua HeiiOCJIYilli-Ibie, 06bil.fHO HeCHOCI-Ibie
H Bcer.n:a rrpHl.IHI-Ia rrycTOH TpaTbi BpeMeHH yMuo:H )I(eH-
InHI-Ibi.
KopoJieBa EJIH3aBeTa rrapJiaMeHTbi He JII06HJia, H
3TO 6biJIO Bll,UI-10. Ee OTeQ, 6paT H CeCTpa C03biBaJIH
rrapJiaMeHT ,UBa,UQaTb BOCeMb pa3 3a TpH,UQaTb JieT,
KOTOpbie rrpe.n:rnecTBOBaJIH BOQapeHHIO EJIH3aBeThi,
oua >Ke C03BaJia ero .n:eB.HTb pa3 B rrepBbie TPH.UQaTb
JieT H TOJibKO TpHI-Ia,UQaTb pa3 3a BCe BpeM5I COpOKa-
II5ITHJieTHCf0 rrpaBJieHH5I. Ec ne)I(eJiaHHe C03biBaTb co-
6pan:n5I 6hiJIO o6~nerrpH3Ham-Io H He OTpHQaJIOCb. B
1593 r. Jiop.n:-KaHQJiep llaKepm-Ir cKa3aJI o6e:nM rraJia-
TaM, l.fTO KopoJieBa ~oqeHb He xoqeT C03biBaTb CBOH
Hapo,n: B rrapJiaMeHT~ - HO 3TO 6biJia He KpHTHKa, a
KOMIIJIHMeHT. fiaKepHHf 3aMeTHJI, l.fTO ee rrpe,n:ruec-
TBeHHHKH l.faCTO C03biBaJIH rrapJiaMeHT, a ~OHa ,UeJiaJia
TO )I(C CaMOe, HO pe,n:KO ll TOJibKO IIO CaMbiM orrpaB-
,UaHI-IbiM, Ba)I(IIbiM H BCJIHKHM CJIYt.Ia5IM~ - H ~OI-Ia H


R ===K=o=p=o=A=es=a=M=n=ap=A=a=M=e=H=T=== JH
B ,n;aJibHeifrneM 6y,n;eT B03,ll;ep)KHBaTbC5f, KaK If paHb-
rne, oT Taro, "tJT06bi l.J:aCTO co6HpaTb sac acex BMec-
Te~2, eCJIH K 3TOMY He 6y,n;yT BblHY)K,ll;aTb o6CT05fTeJib-
CTBa. B rJia3ax KopoJieBbi napJiaMeHT 6biJI noca,n;Hoif
He06XO,li;HMOCTbiO, 3a KOTOpyiO ee MHHHCTpaM CJie,n;o-
BaJIO 6bi npOCHTb npomeHH}f.
IIoae,n;eHHe napJiaMeHTapHeB 3acTaBJI5IeT npe,n;no-
JIO)KHTb, l.J:TO OTCYTCTBHe 3HTY3Ha3Ma y KOpOJieBbl MHO-
rHMH pa3,n;emiJIOCb, If Ha6JIIO,ll;aJIOCb 3aMeTHOe He)Ke-
JiaHHe ylfaCTBOBaTb B peaJibHOH pa60Te o6eHx naJiaT.
IIocemaeMOCTb B IlaJiaTe 06mHH acer,n;a na,n;aJia no
Mepe npo,n;OJI)KeHH5I ceccHH. B napJiaMeHTe 1559 r.
acero JIHliib 219 lfJieHoB napJiaMeHTa, 54 npoueHTa OT
o6mero KOJIHl.J:eCTBa, llpHCYTCTBOBaJIH K 24 ¢eapaJI5I,
Kor,n;a ceccH5I npo,n;OJI)KaJiacb y)Ke MeC5Il{. HecMoTp5I
Ha nonbiTKY yaeJIHlfHTb npoueHT nocemaromHx, c,n;e-
JiaB nepeKJIHlfKY, KOJIHl.J:eCTBO llpHCYTCTBYJOIUHX CHH-
3HJ10Cb ,n;o 33 npoueHTOB K 24 anpe1151 H ,n;o 28 npo-
ueHTOB l.!epe3 He,n;eJIIO. Bo apeM5I ceccHH 1563 r. H3-
aecTHoe KOJIHl.J:eCTBO llpHCYTCTBYIOil{HX KOJie6aJIOCb OT
64 npoueHTOB OT o6mero l.J:HCJia ,n;o 31 npoueHTa. K
1571 r. ,n;o6pocoaecTHbie napJiaMeHTapHH TaK pa3o-
3JIHJIHCb Ha CBOHX KOJIJier-6e3,ll;eJibHHKOB, l.J:TO ycTa-
HOBHJIH liiTpacp 4 neHCa B ,n;eHb B ll0Jib3Y 6e,n;HblX ,li;J15I
TeX, KTO nponycKaJI Hal.J:aJibllblC MOJIHTBbl B 8.30 yTpa.
3TO He noMorJio: B 1581 r. ceMb pa3 ,n;eJiaJIH nepe-
KJIHlfKY, l.J:T06bi llOHMaTb OTCYTCTBYIOII{HX, II 6biJia BBe-
.l{CHa HOBa5I CIICTeMa liiTpacpOB 3a OTCYTCTBIIe Ha BCeif
CeCCIIII - 20 cpyHTOB ,li;JI5I npe,n;CTaBIITeJieH rpa<lJCTB II
10 cpyHTOB ,li;JI5I II36paHHbiX OT ropO,li;OB.
To )Ke caMoe npoiicxo,n;HJIO II B aepxne:H naJiaTe:
B nal.J:aJie Ka)K,n;o:H cecciiii nocemaeMOCTb 6biJia npii-
JIHl.J:Ha5I, HO B ,n;aJibHeifrneM OHa 6biCTpO na,n;aJia, II
l:IHOr,n;a B 3aJie 3ace,n;aHIIH npiiCYTCTBOBaJIO BCero llOJI-


,n;IO)KHHbi n3poa. B 1563 r. ceccns:r Ha"tJaJiacb B npH-
cyTcTBHH TIO"l!TH 50 "l!CJIOBCK H3 MaKCHMaJibHOfO qHCJia
80, HO B KOHUC ITOCCIIlaCMOCTb yrraJia ,li;O 34. B ITOCJIC-
,n;yiOIIlHX CCCCHJIX rrepBOHaqaJibHOC 11pHCYTCTBHC yna-
JIO rrpH6JIH3HTeJibHO ,li;O 45, XOTR ypoaeHb B KOHUe
CeCCI'IH OCTaBaJICR ITOCTORHHbiM - 11pHMepHO 30-35
rr3poa H errHcKorroa. KoHeqHo, o,n;Ho ,n;eJio 6biJIO rrpH-
CYTCTBHe, a .n;pyroe - peaJibHOe y-qacrne. Jll3aecTHO,
qTO B Ka)K,li;OM rrapJiaMeHTe BbiCTYITaJIO TOJibKO 10 rrpo-
UeHTOB JI3 "l!HCJia ero lJJieHOB, XOTR, B03MO)KHO, B
1601 r. 3TO KOJIH"l!eCTBO y,n;BOHJIOCb. ,llOJifaR ,li;HCKyc-
CHR 0 MOHOITOJIHRX Ha CeCCHH 1601 r., ITOXO)Ke, ITOBbi-
CHJia ypoaeHb HHTepeca. B
.n;ecRTH 3aperncTpnpoaaH-
HbiX fOJIOCOBaHHHX rrpHHHMaJIO yqaCTHe B cpe,n;HeM
47 rrpoueHTOB rrapJiaMeHTapnea, XOTR rrocemaeMOCTb
BapbHpOBaJiaCb OT 66 rrponeHTOB OT o6mero lJHCJia,
:Kor.n;a o6cy)K,ll;aJICH 3aKOH o rramHe, .n;o 17 rrpoueHTOB
110 BOrrpocy 0 3aKOHe 0 6aHKpOTCTBe - H3 "llero MO)K-
HO c,n;eJiaTb BbiBO,ll;, "l!TO B rrapJiaMeHTe 6biJIO ropa3,li;O
60Jibiiie 3eMJieBJia,L{eJibUeB, ~IeM pOCTOBIIlHKOB!
CJie,n;oBaTeJII>Ho, Tpy,n;Ho rrpe,n;cTaBHTb ce6e rroJIH-
TH"llecKoe ,n;aBJieHHe CO CTOpOHbl HaUHH KaK BeCOMYIO
rrpwnmy ,n;JIH co3biBa rrapJiaMeHTa. HerrpaBHJibHO 6biJIO
6bi CKa3aTb, ~ITO BCCM 6biJIO BCe paBHO, HO Ka)KeTCH,
"Y.TO He ace paaHo 6biJIO TOJibKO ropcTO"l!Ke. Herroxo-
)Ke, "l!T06I>I B TaKOM ITJIOXO ITOCelllaeMOM rrapJiaMeHTe
B03HHKJia rrpHqHHa ,li;JIH OCTporo KOHCTH'fYUHOHHOfO
KOHcpJIHKTa Me)K,n;y KopoHoif H TianaToll: 06mnH -
~ITO 6bi HH rrpOHCXO,li;HJIO B rrapJiaMeHTe, 60JiblliHHCT-
BO rrapJiaMeHTapHCB ll 60JiblliHHCTBO 113pOB, ITOXO)Ke,
cqlfTaJIH, "l!TO He CTOHT TaM ITOHBJIHTbCH, qTo6bi rroy-
qaCTBOBaTb B 3TOH 3a6aae. Kor.n;a EJIH3aaeTa BCTpeqa-
Jiacb CO CBOHM rrapJiaMeHTOM, OHa He BH,ll;eJia rrepe,n;
C06oif COMKHYTbiX pH,li;OB MJITe)KHOfO ,li;BOpHHCTBa, OT-


ff(l ===K=o=p=o=A=e=s=a=H=n=a=p=A=a=M=e=J=IT=== B
'-Ia5IHHO 3a:mHlllaiDlllefO CBOH KOHCTliTYllHOHHbie rrpa-
Ba, B KOHI..le CeCCHH rrepe,n: HeM 6biJIH TOJibKO Te He-
cqaCTHbie, KOTOpbiM 6oJibiiie Heqero 6biJIO ,n:eJiaTb. TaK
rroqeMy :>Ke Emi3aBeTa C03biBaJia 3ace,n:aHHH napJia-
MeHTa, eCJIII HH Hapo,n:, Hll OHa ::noro He XOTeJIH?
flaKepHHf 06'bHCHliJI 3TO Ha OTKpbiTHH 3ace,n:aHIIH B
1593 r. 0H H3BliHliJICH 3a TO, qTO HX Bbi3BaJI, HO 3TO
6biJIO Heo6xo,n:HMO B CBH3H C yrp030H HaUHOHaJibHOH
6e30ilaCHOCTH: B03MO:>KHOCTb BTOp:>KeHHH CO CTOpOHbl
KaTOJIH'IecKoii McrraHHH H B03MO:>KHOCTb H3MeHbi co
CTOpOHbl He,n:OBOJibHOfO MeHbiiiHHCTBa BbiHY.li:HJIH KO-
poJieBy IlOilpOCHTb 0 .li:OilOJIHHTeJibHOM HaJIOf006JIO-
:>KeHIIH. KoHeqHo, e:H TaK :>Ke He xoTeJIOCb npocHTb
,n:eHer, KaK ll He XOTeJIOCb npOCHTb 0 C03biBe: -¢Ee
BeJIHqeCTBO fOBOpHT, qTO HHKOr,n:a eme He 6biJIO Ha
3eMJie MOHapxa, KOTOpOMY 6bl OOJibiiie He XOTeJIOCb
o6pamaTbCH 3a qeM-JIH60 K CBOHM IlOMaHHbiM, qeM
eii~3 - HO o6pamaTbC51 IlpHXO.li:HJIOCb.
11 oHa o6pamaJiacb. Y ,n:BeHa,n:uaTH ceccHii rrap-
JiaMeHTa H3 BCeX TpHHa,n:UaTH OHa IlpOCHJia aCCllfHO-
BaHHH Ha pacxo,n:bi rrpaBHTeJibCTBa. McKJIIoqeHHe -
CeCCHH 1572 r., KOTOpa5I 6biJia CITeiiiHO C03BaHa ITO
ITOBO.li:Y IlOJIHTHqeCKOfO KpH3HCa, ll BTOpa5I qaCTb cy6-
Cli.ll:llli, pa3peiiieHI-IOH B 1571 r., eme He 6biJia co6pa-
Ha. TaK qTo EJIH3aBeTe HY:>KHbi 6biJIH 3ace,n:aHHH rrap-
JiaMeHTa, KOr,n:a eif HY:>I<Hbl 6biJIH HaJIOfll - HO HaJIO-
fll rrpHxo,n:HJIOCb o6ocHOBbiBaTb. Ha Ka:>K,n:o:H ceccnH,
KpOMe KaK B 1571 r., rrpe,n:cTaBIITeJib KOpOJieBbl (Bee
My:>KqHHbi) rreJI o,n:Hy H TY :>Ke rrecHI.o: rrpoTecTaHTCKCUI
peJIIIfllH B OITaCHOCTII, o6opOHa KOpOJieBCTBa o6xo-
.li:IITCH ,n:oporo, ll KOpOJieBa, Ilpll BCeM CBOeM KpaifHeM
CO)KaJICHHH, BbiHy:>K,n:eHa rrpOCHTb Jl:CHer. 06H3aTeJib-
Ha51 peqb 6biJia .li:OBOJibHO JierKOH B HaqaJie rrpaBJie-
1-IHH. Jlop,n:-KaHUJiep h3KOH MOf B 1559 f. CBaJIIITb Ha


Mapmo orracHOCTb BTOp)Kemnr, He.uocTaTO"l!HOCTb .n:o-
xo,n:oB rocy.n:apcTBa 11 HeHa,n:e)KHOCTb o6opoHbi - HO
EJIHSaBeTe BCe erue He XOTeJIOCb BbltJ:BHraTb Tpe6oBa-
Hl15!. 0Ha rro,n:y"l!HJia D3KOHa cKasaTb: ~EcJIH 6bi pe"l!b
He IIIJia o Barnell: 6esorracHOCTI1 11 o coxpaneHHH rocy-
.n:apcTBa, Ee BeJIH"l!eCTBO cKopee rrocTaBHJia 6bi Ha
KapTy CBOIO iKHSHb (KOTOpyiO fOCIIO.ll:b .ll:O CHX rrop
xpaHHT), "l!eM OCMeJIHJiaCb 6bi rro6eCIIOKOI1Tb CBOHX
IIO.n:,n:aHHbiX KaKHM-JII160 Heiipi15ITHbiM ,n:eJIOM l1JII1 "l!eM-
TO, "liTO ,n:JI5I HHX 6y,n:eT T5liKKO 11 HeiKeJiaTeJibH0~ 4 • Ho
BbiXO,n:a He 6biJIO.
BrrocJie,n:cTBHH rrpocHTb .n:eHbrH CTaJio Tpy,n:Hee.
IlapJiaMeHTapHeB CJie,n:oBaJIO y6e)K,n:aTb, "liTO y Hl1X My.ll:-
pa5! l1 yMeJia5! rrpaBHTeJibHI1I.la, KOTOpa5! y)Ke rrpe,n:-
Ilpl1H5IJia Bee, "liTO HYiKHO, 11 He ee BHHa, "liTO ceii"l!ac
He xBaTaeT ,n:eHer. B 1563 r. n3KOH cBaJIHJI BHHY sa
OTCYTCTBHe ,n:eHer Ha BaiKHbie BOeHHbie IIOXOJl:bl B lliOT-
JiaH,n:HIO 11 <l>paHUHIO, a saTeM, B 1566 r., BHJib5IM
CecHJI BbiHYiKtJ:eH 6biJI Bbl.ll:BHHYTb Te iKe rrpH"l!HHbi,
"l!T06bi o6ocHoBaTb ,n:aJibHeiirnHe Tpe6oBaHI15!. K 1571 r.
Jl:OBO.ll: 0 SaKOHHOH He06XO.ll:l1MOCTI1 HeCKOJibKO IIOI1C-
TepC5!, 11 D3KOH .n:oKaSbiBaJI, "liTO cy6cH,n:HIO HYiKHO
Bbi,n:eJIHTb "l!aCTll"l!HO B 6Jiaro,n:apHOCTb Sa tJ:OCTI1iKeHI15!
KOpOJieBbl - sa BOCCTaHOBJieHHe CB5IIUeHHOrO Ill1Ca-
Hl15! (XOT5I OH, B "l!aCTHOCTll, paTOBaJI sa 6oJiee pa,n:H:-
KaJibHOe perneHHe); MHp CBbirne .n:ec5ITI1 JieT (oH rrpo:-
rrycTHJI Te BOHHbl, KOTOpbiMll OIIpaB,n:biBaJIHCb rrpe,n:-
llieCTBYIOIUHe HaJIOrH); Sa TO, "liTO OHa 6biJia MllJIOCep-
Jl:HbiM rrpaBHTeJieM (OH sa6biJI 0 iKeCTOKHX KaSH5IX
IIOCJie BOCCTaHI15! 1569 r.)
-
l1 "l!aCTll"l!HO HS-Sa HeOT-
JIOiKHbiX qmHaHCOBbiX IIOTpe6HOCTeH B pesyJibTaTe
CeBepHoro BOCCTaHI15I (B KOTOpOM EJIHSaBeTa 6biJia
UeJIHKOM BllHOBaTa), BOeHHOH rro,n:,n:epiKKll IIIOTJiaH,n:C-
KllX IIpOTeCTaHTOB ( CHOBa Mllp!) 1 IIO.ll:fOTOBKll Ilp0Tl1B


~
KopoAesa H napAaMeHT
~
lll'U.=======~JI!
BTOp)Kemr.SI (no KTO cnponmurponaJI Mcnamno?) M
na.n;eHM.SI TaMO)KeHHbiX c6opOB BCJie,n:CTBMe pa3BaJia
TOprOBJIM (B l.!eM nOJIHOCTbiO BMHOBaTbi 6biJIM EJIM3a-
BeTa M CecMJI).
C3p BaJibTep MaifJI,n:Meif, KaHu;Jiep Ka3Hal.!ei'rcT-
na, BO MHOfOM BOCnOJib30BaJIC.SI TeM )Ke no,n:XOLJ:OM B
1576 r. CHal.!aJia OH npeyneJIMl.!MJI cepbe3HOCTb yHac-
Jie.n;onaHHbiX OT ceCTpbr (ecJIM MapM.SI He nepenyTaHa
C £JIM3aBeTOH, TO .SI 3T0f0 He nOHMMaiO!), 3aTeM OH
no,n:qepKHYJI ycnexM npanJieHM.SI EJIM3aBeThr: MMP c
coce.n;.SIMM, cTa6MJibHOCTb B cTpaHe, nceo6mee npou;ne-
TaHMe, ~M, l.!TO CaMOe Ba)KHOe, Mbl nOJib3yeMC.SI CB06o-
LJ:OH COBeCTM, OCB060)K;J;eHHbie OT Mra PMMa, KOTOpoe
nepe.n: 3TMM Hac TaK no.n:anJI.SIJio~ 5 • B KOHu;e eMy npH-
IIIJIOCb nepel.!MCJIMTb HeCl.!aCTJIMBbie M HeO)KMLJ:aHHbie
CJiyqaifHOCTM, KOTOpbre, HeCMOTp.SI Ha My,n:pyiO nOJIM-
TMKY EJIM3aneThi, npHneJIM K JIMIIIHMM pacxo,n:aM M K
npOCb6e 0 napJiaMeHTCKOH cy6CMLJ:MM. ~TeHMe 3TMX
peqeif nOl.!TM yTeiiiaeT, nOCKOJibKY BMLJ:Mlllb, l.!TO MM-
HMCTpbi BCer,n:a BBOLJ:MJIM B 3a6Jiy)KLJ:eHMe napJiaMeHT,
a npMXBOCTHM BCer,n:a JifaJIM, l.!T06bi COXpaHMTb JIMI..J;O
CBOMM X03.SIHKaM M X03.SieBaM. ~TO KacaeTC.SI OTHOille-
HMH c napJiaMeHTOM, Hal.!aJio BOHHbi c McnaHMeM: B
1585 r. 6biJIO Bhrro,n:Ho: Heo6xo,n:MMOCTb HaJioroo6Jio-
)KeHM.SI 6biJia Ol.!eBM,n:Ha, M npe,n:CTaBMTeJIIO KOpOJieBbi
He HY)KHO 6biJIO ep3aTb OT HeJIOBKOCTM, KOr,n:a OH npo-
CMJI ,n:eHer y llaJiaTbi 06m:m-r.
EJIM3aBeTe HY)KHbi 6biJIM HaJiorM, M 6biCTpo: ,n:JI.SI
nee M,n:eaJibHbiM 6hrJI napJiaMeHT, KOTOpbiH .n:anaJI eM:
.n:eHbrM M pa3'be3)KaJic.SI. B 1593 r. c3p ,l()KOH llaKe-
pMHr OTKpOBeHHO Bbipa3MJIC.SI M no 3TOMY BOnpocy, M
no MHOrMM .n:pyrMM. KopoJiena He xoTeJia, l.!T06br nap-
JiaMeHT pa60TaJI Ha,n: HOBbiMM 3aKOHaMM - MX y)Ke M
TaK 6biJIO qepecqyp l\1HOfO - MJIM l.!T06bi OH o6cy)K,n:aJI
7.3aK. 286


Ba)!<Hbie BOllpOCbi: ~He TpaTbTe CBOe ,nparou;eHHOe
BpeM51 Ha HOBbie 11 JII060TibiTHbie H306peTeHmJ, Te, KO-
TOpbie, KaKHMH 6bi CJiaBHbiMH OHM HH Ka3aJIHCb npH
ncpBOM TIO.HBJICHHH, BCe-TaKH OKa3biBaiOTC.H YTOMHTeJib-
IIbiMH B o6cy»<,neHHH 11 ABYCMbiCJieHHbiMH npH 3aBep-
meiiHH~6. Jiop,nbi 11 ABOp.HHCTBO ey)KHbi 6biJIH ne B
BeC1'MHHCTepe, HO B CBOHX rpacpCTBax, 11 H.l(e.H 6biJia
.HCI-Ia - 3aTKHHTecb, 3anJianne 11 3aKpyrJI.Hi1Tecb. Ho
y HeKOTOpbiX qJieHOB napJiaMeHTa 6biJIH ,npyme H.l(eH
11 ,npyrHC HHTepeCbl. XoT.H HeMHOroe fOBOpHT 0 TOM,
~ITO 6biBaJIH 'Tpe6oBaHH.H C03BaTb napJiaMeHT, a y»< eCJIH
OH C03biBaJIC.H, ero TibiTaJIHCb HCTIOJib30BaTb B JIJ1qHbiX
mrrepecax. DbiJin o6m11e 3aKOI-IOnpoeKTbi, npoTaJIKH-
aaeMbie 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbiMH rpynnaMH, TaKHMH Ka.K
JIOH.l(OHCKHe peMeCJieHHbie rHJib.l(HH HJIH npOBHHUHaJib-
Hbie KOpnopai{HH, KOTOpbie XOTeJIH npHH.HTb HOBbiH
3a.KOH B CBOHX HHTepecax, 11 6biJIH cyry6o qaCTHbie
3aKOHOnpoeKTbl, KOTOpbie 06bJqHo KaCaJIHCb C06CTBeH-
HOCTH OT.l(eJibHbiX JIHU 11 npe,nCTaBJI.HJIH llOllbiTKH pa-
306paTbC.H B ABYCMbiCJieHHOCT.HX 11 cnopax. TaKa.H .l(es:I-
TCJibHOCTb nbilliHO pacuaeJia npH EJIH3aBeTe H npHae-
Jia K 3aBaJIY B 3aKOHO.l(aTCJibCTBe.
J1TaK, cymeCTBOBaJI KOHcpJIHKT HHTepeCOB: KOpO-
JieBe HY»<Hbl 6bJJIH KOpOTKHC CeCCHH, KOTOpbie 6bJCT-
po 6bi nponyci<aJIH qepes napJiaMeHT npaBHTeJibCTBeH-
Hbie ,l.(eJla, OC06eHHO 3aKOHOnpoeKT 0 cy6CH.l(H.HX, HO
IIeKOTOpbie qJieHbl napJiaMCHTa XOTeJIH, qT06bi yqH-
TbiBaJIJ.ICb HHTCpeCbl HX OI<pyrOB H OT.l(eJibHbiX JIHI{.
flepe,n OTKpbiTHeM 3aCe.l(aHH.H napJiaMeHTa B 1572 r.
JICH3BeCTHbiH npe,nCTaBHTeJib npaBHTeJibCTBa B nap-
JiaMCHTe (nosMO)ICHO, ToMac HopToH) Ha6pocaJI ,no-
KYMCHT C peKOMeH.l(aJJ,H.HMH 0 TOM, KaK .l(06HTbC.H KO-
pm"Koi1 cecnm 11 He ynycTHTb u;eJie~i npanHTeJibCTna:
• EcJIH Ee Be;m~recTno xo~IeT, qTo6hi cecCH.H 6biJia


~ Kopo.Aesa H napAaMeHT
~
l'l~========~Jil
KpaTKOH, TOr,D;a CJie,D;yeT COKpaTMTb Te ,D;eJia, KOTOpbie
y.D;JIMHHIOT CeCCMIO~, OC06eHHO KOJIH'IeCTBO MeCTHbiX
3aKoHorrpoeKTOB. Ho co cTopOI-Ihi KopoJieBhi 6biJio 6bi
Hepa3yMHO M3,D;aBaTb IIpHMOH rrpuKa3, ~1160 3TO l\'10-
)l{eT ,D;aTb IIOBO,ll; K B03HUKHOBeHIUO 3JibiX HaMepeHUH,
BOIIpOCOB 0 CB060,D;e flaJiaTbl U 0 TOM, '-ITO 11M He ,D;aiOT
CB060,D;HO IIOCOBeTOBaTbCH~ 7. B3aMeii Ha,D;O HCIIOJib30-
BaTh HCHbie HaMeKU M HaiiOMHHaTb, KaK pUCKOBaHHO
IIpO,D;JieBaTb CeCCUIO ,ll;O BeCHhl, KOr,D;a B JlOI-I,ll;OHC MO-
)l{eT BCIIbiXHYTb qyMa - yrp03a, KOTOpyiO OTKpbiTO
HCIIOJib30BaJIU B arrpeJie 1571 r., a B HIOHe 1572 r. Ha
Hee HaMeKHYJIM.
Ho TOHKMe HaMeKM He ,D;eHCTBOBaJIH, H B03HMKJia
He06XO,ll;MMOCTb 6oJiee HBHOfO BMeiliaTeJibCTBa. Kor,D;a
B 1573 r. rrapJiaMeHT 3ace,D;aJI y)l{e MeCHU: 11 Bee em:e
He rrpMHMMaJI oKoHqaTeJihHO 3aKoHa o Map1111 CTIO-
apT, EJIM3aBeTa M3MaTbiBaJia 11 M3BO.D;MJia llaJiary 06-
IIJ;MH. 0Ha rrepe,D;ana rrocJiaHHe, qTo ~Ee KopoJieBc-
Koe BeJIH:qecTBO xoqeT, qTo6hi llaJiaTa 3aHMMaJiacb
3THM M .D;pyrMMM Ba:>KHbiMM ,D;eJia:r>m, OTJIO:>KMB BCe MeC-
THbie 3aKOHOIIpOeKTbl~, II qT06bi 3aKOHOIIpOeKT 0
Map1111 rrporneJI ,D;Ba qTeHMH B nocJie.D;yiOm;Me .D;HM. B
1581 r. Emi3aBeTa TO:>Ke xoTeJia ycKopMTh rrpoxo:>K,D;e-
Ime ,D;eJI B rrapJI~MeHTe: CIIMKep florreM IIOMOf eii, IIOII-
pOCMB rrapJiaMeHTapMeB He BbiCT)'IIaTb BO BpeMH rrep-
BOfO qTeHMH M C3KOHOMMTb BpeMH, OTKa3aBIIIMCb OT
~HeHy:>KHbiX rrpe,D;JIO:>KeHMH MJIM M3JIHIIIHMX CIIOpOB~ 8 •
3ace,D;aHMH rrapJiaMeHTa C03,D;aBaJIM TPY.D;HOCTM Herro-
ToMy, qTo OHM 6hiJIM IIpOTMB rrpaBMTeJibCTBeHHbiX ,D;eJI,
a IIOTOMY, qTO HeKOTOpbie qJieHhl rrapJiaMeHTa M II3pb1
rrpoTaJIKMBaJIM CBOM co6cTBeHHhie ,D;eJia. CJie,l.(oBaTeJib-
uo, BCTaBaJia IIp06JieMa yrrpaBJieHMH: He 3a:>KMMaTb
KpMTMKY, HO IIpOBeCTM 3aKOHOIIpOeKT qepe3 rrapJia-
MeHT c 550 qJieHaMM o6e11x rraJiaT, r,D;e y Ka:>K.D;Oro
I
7•


~ EAH3aseTa I AHrAm'icKan
~
l'l~=======A>r""Jil
CBOM MHTepeCbi, CBOC CaMOMHCHMe M CBOC C06CTBCH-
HOe y6e)K.ZJ:CHMe, qTQ TOJibKO OH O.ZJ:MH pa36MpaeTC5I B
o6cy)K.aaeMoM Borrpoce.
0.ZJ:HMM 113 CIIOC060B yrrpaBJICHM.H rrapJiaMeHTOM
6biJIO B03.ZJ:eMCTBMe na era cocTaB. B qJieHCTBO IlaJia-
Tbi JIOp.ZJ:OB He BMeiiiMBaJIMCb, KpOMe KaK B 1559 r.,
KOf.ZJ:a KaTOJIMqeCI<MM CB.HIUCHHMKaM IIpMKa3aJIM ycTpa-
HMTbC.H M IIOCa.ZJ:MJIM MX B TIOpbMy, M B 1572, I<Of.ZJ:a
qeTbrpe napa, nacTpoeHHbie rrponm CecMJia, 6biJIM
B35ITbi no.a cTpa)Ky, a Hop¢oJIK y)Ke I<a3nen. Ho ocy-
mecTBJI.HJIOCb IIOCTO.HHHOe, eCJIM M He CJIMIIIKOM QeJie-
HarrpaBJieHHOe, BJIH.HHMe Ha COCTaB IJaJiaTbi 06IUMH.
B 1571 r. oqeBM.ZJ:HOM rrpMqMnoM: 6hrJia neo6xo.ZJ:MMOCTb
c.aeJiaTb TaK, qTo6br rrapJiaMeHT rrpe.aCTaBJI.HJI M36Mpa-
TeJibHbie OKpyra, a ne qacTHbre MHTepecbr - no rroc-
Jie BOCCTaHM.H CeBepHbiX rpa¢oB M rraiiCKOM 6yJIJibl 0
HM3JIO)KeHMM rrpoch6a CoBeTa o ~paccy.ZJ:MTeJibHbiX,
MY.ZJ:PbiX 11 6Jiaro)KeJiaTeJibHbiX~ 9 qJienax 6brJia .aocTa-
Toqno .Hcna. I1ncTpyKQMM o na6JIIo.aenMM 3a Bbr6opa-
MM 6biJIM 6e3yCJIOBHO IIOCJiaHbl MeCTHbiM CaHOBHMKaM
B Eepi<IIIMp, Esi<MnreMIIIMp, ,llopceT, Cyppeii 11 YMJI-
TIIIMp. IlOXO)Ke, qTQ MarHaTbl OTI<JIMKHYJIMCb Ha rrpo-
Cb6y, Ha3BaB rrapiiaMeHTapM.HMM CBOMX C06CTBeHHbiX
po.acTBeHHMI<OB 11 cJiyr, 11 CoBeT 6biJI B .aocTaToqnoM:
CTerreHM .ZJ:OBOJieH, Tal< I<ai< IIpOCb6y IIOBTOpMJIM B
1572 r.
-
I<or.aa '-IJienaM CoBeTa ny)KeH 6biJI rrapJia-
MeHT, I<OTOpbiM IIO.ZJ:TOJIKHeT EJIM3aBeTy I< I<a3HM rep-
Qora Hop¢oJII<CI<oro 11 JIMIIICHMIO Map1111 CTioapT rrpa-
Ba Ha rrpeCTOJIOHaCJIC.ZJ:Me.
B 1584 r. rrapJiaMeHT CHOBa C03BaJIM BO BpeM.H
I<pM3Mca, rrocJie y6MMCTBa BMJibreJibMa MoJiqaJIMBoro
11 3aroBopa Tpoi<MopTOna rrponm EJIM3aBeTbi, Kor.aa
6o.HJIMCb I<aTOJIMqeCKOfO BT0p)KCHM5I H BOCCTaHM.H. KaK
paiibiiie II3pOB IIOIIpOCMJIH, qT06bi OHH Ha6paJIM peK-


R ===K=o=p=o=.l\.=e=u=a=H=n=a=p=A=a=M=e=H=T=== B
pyToB B ~oTpR.A 6-AHTeJibHOCTH~ ,AJI5I CoBeTa, TaK Te-
rrepb HX I10I1pOCHJIH o6ecrre'-IHTb Bbi60pbi Ha)J;e)I<HbiX
t:IJieHOB napJiaMei-ITa. Jlop,A Ko6eM, ry6epHaTOp I1RTH
rropTOB, rroJiyqHJI HHCTPYI<I..(HIO rrpocJie,AHTb, t:IT06bi H3-
6paHHbie t:IJieHbl ~He TOJibKO 6biJIH: 6bi paccy,AHTeJib-
HbiMH If ,AOCTOMHbiMH JIIO,AbMH, HO If rrpH,Aep)I<HBaJIHCb
rrpaBH:JibHbiX y6e)I(,AeHHM B peJIHfHH If OTHOCHTCJibHO
naCTomuero rroJIO)I(eHHR B •.• rrpaBHTeJibCTBe~ 10 • Ca-
MO:ii: KOpOJieBe He OC06CHHO HpaBHJiaCb llaJiaTa 06-
II{HH, H36paHHa5I B 1584 r.; OHa rropyt:IHJia JIOp,Ay-
KaHI..(Jiepy EpoMJIH c,AeJiaTb rrapJiaMenTapHRM Bbiro-
Bop 3a TO, t:ITO OHH 06Cy)I(,AaJIH peJIHflf03Hbie ,AeJia,
XOT5I ona OTKpbiTO 3TO 3arrpeTHJia. Ho CoBeT 6biJI ,AO-
BOJien, H B 1586 r. pa30CJiaJI UHPKYJIRP B H36Hpa-
TeJibHbie oKpyra c rrpocb6o:ii: rrepeH36paTb t:IJieHOB rrap-
JiaMenTa 1584 f.: 06blt:IHO OKOJIO 40 rrpOUCHTOB OT
t:IJieHOB rrpe,Abi.AYIUero rrapJiaMeHTa H36HpaJIOCb CHO-
Ba, HO B 1586 f. HX OKa3aJIOCb 52.
,llpyroe IIIHpOKOe BMeillaTeJibCTBO I1pOH30IllJIO B
1597 r., Kor,Aa CoBeT rrepe,AaJI co6cTBennyro rrpocb6y
KOpOJieBbl, t:IT06bi ropo,Aa Bbi6HpaJIH MeCTHbiX )I(lfTe-
Jie:ii:, a ne rrpHillJibiX. Ee cot:IJIH o6bit:IHbiM rrpoRBJienH-
eM Tpa,AHUHOHaJIH3Ma EJIH3aBeTbl, If TOJIKY OT nee He
6biJIO.
Ka)I(eTC5I BepoRTHbiM, t:ITO ocpHUHaJibHOe BMerna-
TeJibCTBO B Bbi60pbi YCHJIHBaJIO BJIH5IHH:e MOryll{eCTBCH-
HbiX I10KpOBHTeJie:ii:, a OTHIO,Ab He BJIH5II-IHe KOpOJie-
Bbl. Y Ka3 CoBeTa ,AaJI Ko6eMy 6yMa)I(KY, t:IT06bi 6biJIO
t:~eM pa3MaxHBaTb rrepe.A H36HpaTeJIRMH B Xa:ii:,Ae, rpacp
XanTHHr,AOH rroJiyt:IHJI TaKYIO )I(e ,AJI5I JleCTepa, a rpacp
YopHK ,AJIR YopHKa, t:IT06bi OHH MOrJIH o6ecrret:IHTb
H36paime co6CTBeHHbiX ,Apy3eM. J1 TaK KaK MHOfHe H3
r.rarnaTOB, KOTOpbie CJie,AHJIH 3a Bbi6opaMH, 6biJIH JIH60
'-IJICHaMH Ta:ii:HOfO COBCTa, JIH60 HX -APY3b5IMH, OcpH-


R ===E=.I\=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=lf=v=cK=a11=== JR
l{HaJibiiOC BMernaTCJibCTBO yseJIH'HIJIO BJIJUIHHC OT,li,C.Ilb-
H!:>IX '-JJICHOB ConeTa - 11 oHo erue 6oJJbiiie ycMJIHBa-
JIOCb nx co6cTBCHHOH Mecnro:H BJiaCTbiO H roroBHOCThiO
Jtpyrnx yCTyrrnTb HM Bbi,li,BH)Kenne KaH,li,H,ll,aTOB. BJIM-
.mm:e BepJin ua Bbi6opbi ocyiuecTBJI.siJIOCb rrpe)l(.n.e Bce-
ro '-1Cpe3 ero TIOJIHTHqeCKllX COI03HHKOB ( TaKHX KaK
Eencpop.n) n po.n.cTaenHHKOB ( TaKHX KaK KHJIJinrpy):
011 rroca;:UiJI 60JibiiiC ,nCC5HI<a CBOHX JIIO,li,Cll B Ka)KlJ.biM
H3 rrepBbiX qeTbipex napJiaMeHTOB rrpn EJIM3aBeTe H
HC MCHbHIC ,ll,8a;J,UaTH lliCCTJI B 1584 f. (I<Of,[(a rpa(p
Ee.ucpop.ll., no nceii BM.li.MMOCTH, rrpe.[(OCTaBJfJI CMJ rroJI-
nyro CBo6o.ll.y B 3arra,[(HhiX penmnax).
CaMbiMH ueJreycTpeMJICHHbiMM co6HpaTeJIHMH nap-
JiaMeHTCI<MX I<aH,ll,M.[(aTyp 6biJIH rpacp 3ccei<c H Po-
6epT CecHJI, KOTOpbie copennonaJIHCb .ll.pyr c .n.pyroM
B 1597 f.
-
XOT.si rpacp HaXO,UHJIC.si B HCBb!fO,[(HOM
rroJio)l(eHMH, TaK KaK on 6biJI Ha A3opax no Bper.m
npe.U.Bbi6opHoM I<al\mamnL 3cceKc 3apyqHJICR rrOMCP-
)l(I<OH ropO.U.CKHX ynpaBJI.siiOlllHX, TaK '-ITO MOf Bbi,UBH-
HYTb O,[(HOfO H.IIH /J.BYX I<aH,[(H,[(aTOB OT I<a)l(/..lQfO ropo-
~ta, a CecnJI 3axnaTnJI I<OHTpOJib B repuorCTBe JlaH-
I<aCTepcKOM. 3cCCKC Ha3BaJI TIOJIOBI-IHY '-IJICHOB nap-
JiaMCHTa OT BaJIJIUMCI<HX ropO,li,OB B 1593 f., y Hero
6hiJIH xopornH ,[(eJia B CTacpcpop.[(IIIHpe, no CecHJI,
BCpO.siTHO, )J.06HJIC5f U36paHH.si TpH,UUaru CBOMX C'faB-
JICHHHKOB B 1597 r. n TpH.n:naTM O.li.HOro B 1601. K
TOMY npeMeHH npenocxo.n.cTBO Po6epTa CecHJia 6biJJO
O'JCBH,[(HbiM, H TC, KTO MOf TIOBJIH.HTb Ha pe3yJibTaTbi
Bbi6opon, cTapaJIHCb eMy yro.[(HTb. BMI<OHT EMH.li.OH
co6paJI IJ.OI<YMCHTbJ ,[(JISI Bbi.U.BH)l(CHH5! I<aH,[(M,lJ.aTOB B
ropo.[(ax ,l{opceTa B 1G01 r. H npe.[(JimKMJI CecnJiy
3aTIOJIHHTb nx, KaK OH c~mTaeT HY)l(HbiM. no MCHb-
rue:H Mepe ruecTb cci<peTape:H n c.riyr CecuJia 3ace,naJin
B llaJiaTe 06llJ.HH B 1601 r. TaKHM o6pa30M, HM ocpM-


~
KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
l'l'U..============A)TJI!
UHaJibHbiH Ha)KM:M, HII BJIIDIHHe MarHaTOB Ha MeCTaX
tre .n;aBaJIH KOpOJieBe KOHTpOJI51 Hat~: rrapJiaMeHTOM -
mm .n;aaaJIH BJiaCTb oT.n;eJibHbiM qJieHaM CoaeTa. CJie-
.n;oaaTeJibHO, aecbMa aepoHTHO, l.JTO, ecJIH 6bi a Coae-
Te cyw:ecTBOBaJia COJIHt~:apHOCTb li CCJIH 6bi ero l.JJICIIbl
COTpy,llJIHl.JaJIH JJ:pyr C .n;pyroM, OHM: MOfJIH 6bi crrpa-
BHTbC51 C fiaJiaTOH 06Il{HH.
Mo)KeT 6biTb, CoaeT Mor KOHTpOJIHpoBaTb TiaJia-
TY 06JIUIH, HO MOfJia Jlli KOpOJieBa KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb
caoH: CoaeT? IIpo6JieMa B3alfMOOTHOIIIemrii EJIM3aBe-
Tbi C ee rrapJiaMeHTOM HeCKOJibKO BliJI:Oli3MeHHJiaCb C
Tex nop, KaK cap ,l.J;)KOH HRJI HaiiHcaJI o6 aToM 6oJiee
TpliJI:uarn JieT Ha3a.n; 11 • Tor.na Ka3aJIOCb, l.JTO aTo Bon-
poe 0 B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHH51X Me)KJJ:Y 3aKOHOJJ:aTeJibHOH H
liCIIOJIHH:TeJibHOH BJiaCTbiO, IIOIIbiTKa Oca)Ktl:eHHOfO rrpa-
BM:TeJibCTBa o6y3JJ:aTb BOHHCTBYIOII.{YIO fiaJiaT)' 06ll{lfH.
Ho Kor.n;a, KaK B 1586-1587 rr. no rroao.n;y peJIHfHH,
B fiaJiaTe 06W:HH Il051BJI51JiaCb HeiiOKOpHM rpyrriiH-
pOBKa, ee ycMHpHJIH qJieHbi CoaeTa, a 6oJibiiiHHCTBO
rrapJiaMeHTapnea ee He IIOMep)KlmaJio. HacT05lll{He
TPYJJ:HOCTH B03HHKaJIH, Kor.n;a qJieHbi TaHHoro coaeTa
pa3peiiiaJIH HJIH, qepe3 CBOliX areHTOB, opraHli30Bbi-
BaJIH arHTaUHIO B IlaJiaTe, 1.JT06bi BbiHYAHTb KOpOJie-
By rrpOBO,AHTb IlOJIHTHI<Y, KOTOpyro OHa He o.n;o6p51Jia
-
KaK rro rroao.ny 6paKa If HacJie,noaamm B 1563 n
1566 ff., 0 peJIHfH03HOH pecpOpMe B 1571, 0 Ka3Hli
HopcpoJIKa B 1572, o6 aHTHI<aTOJIIfqecKnx 3aKoHax B
1581 H o Ka3HH MapHH CTroapT B 1586. TaKnM o6pa-
30M, rrpo6JieMa KOH1'pOJ151 Ha,n; rrapJiaMeHTOM 6biJia AJI51
EJIH3aBeTbi rrpo6JieMo:H: KOHTPOJI51 Ha,n; ee CoaeToM:
I<aK l.JJICHbl CoaeTa IIbiTaJIHCb MaHRIIYJIHpoaaTb HH-
cpopMauHe:H:,- 1.JT06bi Bb!HYti:HTb KOpOJieBy K orrpe,ne-
Jrenaoi1: IIOJHITHKe, TalC )KC OHH flbiTaJlHCb r.-rammym1-
posaTb napJiai\1eHTOM, t.IT06l>I HaB513aTh eii IIOJ!lrrm<y.


ITapJiaMenTCKHe ccccHH HaxonHJIHCb non BJIH51-
HHeM, ecJIH 11c nnoJIIIe non KOHTpoJieM, qJieHOB Tafi-
Horo coneTa Emt3aBeThi. Bee omi, oco6em-1o EepJIH,
na3biBaJII1 "liJJCHOB napJiaMeiiTa, 3apaHee nJiaimpona-
JIH nOBeCTKY ,l.{I-151 11 nhiTaJIHCb ynpaBJI51Tb 3aCe.LI:aiiH51-
MIL 3a 11CKJIIO'-IeHHeM 1597 r., ECer,n:a 6biBaJIO He MeHb-
WC 115ITH, a t.JaCTO BOCeMb, COBCTHHKOB B IJaJiaTe 06-
llUIH, a ocTaJibiihie 3acenaJIH B ITaJiaTe Jlopnon. Kpo-
Me Toro, cnHI<ep 6hiJI cranJiemmKOM ConcTa, n B ITa-
JiaTe 06mmi y ConeTa 6hiJIH CBOH Mai-mnyJI5ITOpbi.
OnHoii: H3 caMbiX ImTepeciibiX pa3pa6oTOK B napJia-
MeHTCKoii: 11CTOpHorpacpmi nOCJienHero BpCMeHH 6b!JI
HOBbiH B3fJI5In Ha pOJib JIHnepOB nyp11TaHCKO}I OIIII0-
3HIJ;l111 no r Jiane c HHJIOM. TmaTeJihHO npoaHaJIH311-
ponan 11X nepenHCKY, HX napJiaMeHTCKHe 3aMeTKH 11
oco6eiUIO 11X pOJib B KOMHTeTaX 11 npeH1151X, Maii:KJI
fpeii:n3 o6Hapy)KHJI 12 , qTo ToMac HopToH, BHJib5IM
<l>JI11TBy.LI:, ToMac ,llarmeTT, ToMac ,ll11rr3, Po6epT EeJIJI
11 npyr11e 6b!JIH He pyKOBOn11TeJI5IM11 OIIII03HIJ;H11, HO
are1uaM11 ConeTa! Om1 n rpynna qecTOJII0611BbiX Iopuc-
TOB 3anpaBJI51JIH napJiaMeiiTCKOH npou;enypoii:, qT06bi
npoTaW:HTb 11HTepechi 11 neJia npamneJibCTBa np11 nep-
no}I B03MO)JaJOCTH. 3TH ~.LI:eJIOBbie JIIOnH>> BHOCHJIH B
ITaJiaTy 06mHH Te nonpocbi, o6cy)KneHH51 KOTOpbiX
xoTeJIH qJieHhi ConcTa - 11 qacTo 3TO 6biJIH 11MeHHO
Te BOIIpOCbl, 06Cy)Knemi51 KOTOpb!X He XOTeJia EJI113a-
BCTa.
IToMnMo ncero ocTaJihnoro, HMCHHO B11Jib5IM Ce-
C11JI, Jiopn Eepm1, 3anpaBJI51JI pa6oTOii: napJiaMCHTa -
oco6cm10 c necHhi 1571 r., Korna on 3acenaJI B ITaJia-
Te Jlopnon H IIbiTaJICH ynpaBJI51Tb ITaJiaToii: 06rn:HH
'-ICpe3 cnoHx TaMOWHHX arenTOB H COI03HHKOB. On
nOJIY'-IaJI peryJI5IpHbiC OT'ICTbl 0 ,l.leJiaX B IJaJiaTe 06-
W:HH oT <l>yJIKa OncJioy, cei<peTap51 llaJiaTbi, H OT


~ Kopo.heBa H nap.haMeHT
~
l'l'U.========~Jil
Po6epTa Ee;IJia, cnuKepa, B 1572 u 1576 rr. u HII-
cpopMau;mo 0 npOXQ)K,UeiUU1 KOnKpeTHbiX 3aKononpo-
CKTOB OT 3aHnTepeCOBaHIIbiX arenTOB. Y nero 6hiJia
B03MO)KHOCTh cJie.UHTh 3a rrpou;eccoM B IIaJiaTe 06-
IUHn llpH ITOMOIUH "l!aCTO COCTaBJI5IeMbiX CITHCKOB 0
npOXO)K,UeHHH 3aKOHOIIpOeKTa OT O,UIIOR CTa,UHH ,UO
,UpyroR, 11 OH HCITOJib30BaJI CBOe BJIH5InHe Ha ~IJICHOB
CoBeTa H na IIaJiaTy Jiop.n:oB, "l!T06bi onpe.n:eJI5ITb no-
p5I.UOK H cKopocTb npo.n:BmKenH5I. Ha 3arpy)KeHno:H
CeCCHH 1571 on ycTpOHJI ITOCJiaHHe OT ilaJiaTbl Jiop-
/{OB C npOCb60R npeKpaTHTb paCCMOTpetme MeCTnbiX
3aKOHOITpOeKTOB H COCpe,UOTO"l!HTbC5I Ha OcpHIJ;HaJibHblX
,UeJiax; On opraHH30BaJI B ilaJiaTe 06IUHn KOMHCCHIO
ITO COpTHpOBKe 33KOliOnpoeKTOB B ITOp5I,UKe npHOpH-
TeTa, OT,UaBa5I npe,UITO"l!TeHHe npaBHTeJibCTBennbiM 3a-
KOHOITpOeKTaM; H OH ycTpOHJI TaK, "liTO MeCTHbie ,UeJia
paCCMaTpHBaJIHCb ITOCJie ITOJIY.UH5I, a yTpO OCTaBaJIOCb
CB060,UIIbiM ,UJI5I paCCMOTpeHH5I 3aKOliOnpoeKTOB o6-
merocy.n:apcTBennoro 3Ha"l!eHH5I.
oJiaro.n:ap5I 3anJiaimpoBanno:i1: CTpaTenm EepJIH.
H TaKTH"l!eCKHM ManeBpaM ~mo.n:e:i1: .n:eJia~, CoBeT Mor
pyKOBO.UHTb llaJiaTo:i1: 06IUHH - oco6enno noToMy,
"liTO CoBeT TaK "l!aCTO Bell HX Ty,Ua, Ky.n:a MHOrHe "l!Jie-
Hbl napJiaMeHTa TaK HJIH HHa"l!e H CaMH XOTeJII1 H,UTIL
TaKHM o6pa3oM, napJiaMenT c.n:eJiaJic5I O"l!eHb y.n:o6-
HhiM cpe,UCTBOM ,UJI5I TOfO, "l!T06bi OKa3hiBaTb ,UaBJie-
HHe na KOpOJieBy, HCITOJib3Y5I ee "l!aCTO ITOBTOp5IeMOe
)KeJianMe npaBHTh, onMpa5Icb na mo6oBh cBoero napo-
.n:a. B 1563 r. HMenno "l!Jienbi CoBeTa opranH30BaJm
I<aMnanHID, "l!T06hi 3acTaBHTb EJIH3aBeTy BbiihH 3a-
MY)K H (HJIH) na3Ha"l!HTb uacJie,UHHKa. KoMHCCH5I, co-
CTaBJI5IBIIIa5I neTHU:HIO IIaJiaTbi 06mm1 K KopoJieBe,
pa6oTaJia no.n: npe.n:ce.n:aTeJibCTBOM cspa 3.n:yap.n:a Po-
,U)I<epca, rocpMeiiCTepa KopoJieBcKoro .n:Bopa, H B nee


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKaJI
~
~===========~Jil
BOIIIJUf BCe BOCeMb l:IJICHOB Ta:ihroro COBCTa, Ha6paH-
HbiC B IlaJiaTy 06mrm; ToMac HopTon, o.n.Hn 113 ~JIIO­
.n.e:H: .n.eJia~, npoBeJI npoeKT qepe3 IlaJiaTy B noJIHOM
coCTaBe. IIpaB.n.a~ B03MmKno, qTo Hnm..u-mTHBa 1563 r.
HCXO.lJ.HJia CKOpee OT cppaKIJ;HH .[(a.D.JIH, l:{CM OT BCCfO
CoBeTa, Ho ~eJibiO onpe.n.eJienuo 6hrJio na.n.aBHTb Ha
KopoJieBy. B 1566 r. Jiop.n.-KaHu;Jiep EaKon B IlaJiaTe
Jiop.n.oB 11 ceKpenpb CecMJI B IlaJiaTe 06ru;Hn opra-
HH30BaJIH COBMCCTHYIO .li.CJICrau;HIO o6eHX naJiaT K KO-
pOJICBC no nono.n.y npecTOJIOHacJie.D.HH, 11 11Menno Ce-
CMJI HaMCTHJI .lJ.JI.H IlaJiaTbl 06Iu;HH 3aiu;I1Ty CC pa6o-
Tbl. KpoMe TOTO, HMCHHO COBeTHHKH H HX COI03HHKH
npOH3HOCHJIH 60JibliiHHCTBO peqeif H .lJ.06HBaJIHCb 3cp-
cpeKTHBHOH pa60Thl.
Ilo peJIHfH03HbiM BOnpOCaM COBCTHHKH-pecpop-
MaTOpbi qacTo coTpy.n.nHqaJIH c enncKonaMH. 3To on-
pe.n.eJienno nOXO)I(C Ha npaB.D.Y OTHOCHTCJibHO 1566 r.,
Kor.n.a npHKa3 KOpOJICBbi IlaJiaTe Jlop.n.oB npeKpa-
THTb o6cy)l(.lJ.CHH.H 3aKOHOnpOCKTa 0 TOM, l:{T06bi npH-
.n.aTb CHJIY 3aKOHa ~TPH.D.U:aTH .lJ.CBHTH CTaTb.HM~ (CBO.lJ.
.lJ.OfMaTOB anrJIHKaHCKOH u;epKBH), Bbi3BaJI ocpm:~H­
aJibHYIO I1p0Cb6y I< HCH enHCKOnOB, l:{T06bi OHa pa3-
peiiiHJia 3aKonqHTb o6cy)l(,n:enHe 3aKononpoeKTa. B
1566 r. EJIH3aBeTa .n.o6HJiacb cBoero, xoTJI ona npe.n.-
ynpe.n.HJia HCnaHCKOfO nOCJia, l:{TO ~Ha HCe OKa)l(yT
TaKOC .D.aBJICHHC, t.ITO Olia HC CMO)I(CT OTKa3aTb B CO-
r JiaCHH~ • 13 IJapJiaMCHT B 1571 r. BH.lJ.CJI, I<aK COBCT-
HHKH, enHCKOnbi H MaHHnyJI.HTOpbi B IlaJiaTe 06Iu;HH
CfOBOpHJIHCb, l:{T06bi npOTOJIKHYTb p.H.D. 3aKOHOnpo-
CKTOB 0 peJIHfHH, OC06CHHO 3ai<OHOnpOCKT 0 TOM,
qT06bi HaKa3biBaTb TCX, KTO OTKa3biBaJIC.H OT CB.HTO-
ro npHqacTH.H B aurJIHKaHcKoii: ~epKBH. Pa.n.m<aJib-
Hbie npC.lJ.JIO)I(CHH.H 6biJIH OT6pomeHbl, KOr.n.a CTaJIO
H3BCCTHO 0 HCJ(OBOJibCTBC KOpOJICBbl, HO no 3aKO-


~ KopoAeaa H napAaMeHT
~
~~======~JI!
HOllpOeKTY 0 CBHTOM npWiaCTliM OHa CTO.IIKHYJiaCb C
o6be,AHHerniJJIM Tpe6onamieM npaBHiqero KJiacca npo-
TecTaiiTOB ao r JiaBe c ee co6c-raeiiHhiM CoaeToM o
6oJiee cTporHx .n;eiicTBHHX nponm KaToJIHKOB. Ona
HaJIOJKHJia IIa npoeKT BeTO, npH TOM, tiTO 3a BCe Bpe-
1'111 caoero npaBJieHH.H BbiHyJK.n;ena 6biJia HaKJia,Abi-
uaTh BeTa Ha aaJKHbiH npoeKT o6.m;erocy.n;apcTBenno-
ro 3HalJeHHH MeHbiiie ,Aec.HTH pa3. TiapJJaMeHT 1572 r.
6biJI co3BaH, BepoHTHO, 113-3a .n;aaJieHI:IH ConeTa na
KopoJieny. Cy6cu.n;HH ne sanpaiiiHBaJiacb, 11 3TO 6biJI
C,lJ.l-IHCTBeJUibiM napJJaMeHT 3a BCe napCTBOBai-me, KO-
TOpbiH 6biJI C03Bai-I B TaKOH TI03,AHHM cpoK, l:ITO npH-
lliJIOCb 3aCe,AaTb BCCb HI-OJib. Y KOpOJI€Bbl He 6biJIO
npl:ll:IHHbi C03biBaTb napJiaMeHT; CKOpee, ee XOTeJIH.
3acTaBI:ITb Ka3HHTb HopcpoJIKa 11 XOTH 6bi JIHIIIHTh
npaaa na npecTOJIOHacJie.n;n:e Mapwro CTroapT. Hop-
cpoJJK 6biJI npHrOBOpeH K CMepTH 3a I13MeHy 6 miBa-
pH 1572 r., no Em1saaeTa ne CaiiKI•l-IOI-I:HpoBaJia Ka3-
Im; ,li;BaJK,Abi yKa3 0 Ka3HH OTMCI-IHJICH K pa30'-IapOBa-
lUUO TOJillbi. Enn3aBery yroaopHJIH corJiaCHTbCH na
C03biB napJiaMei-ITa (MO)KeT, OI-Ia paCCl:IHTbiBaJia, l:ITO
CTpax napJiaMeHTCKOfi aTaKH c,n:eJiaeT Mapmo 6oJiee
CfOBOpl:IHBOH), H OI-l OTKpbiJICH 8 MM. HerO,AOBaHHe
npoTHB HopcpOJIKa 6biJIO no.n;cTeri-IyTo acrynHTeJib-
HbiMH pel:laMH CllMKepa H JIOp,Aa-Kai-II.(Jiepa, M repl.(O-
ra Ka3H:UJIH 2 :UI-OHH, He ,AO>KH,l{aHCb neTIIUMH 0 era
CMepTH, KOTOpaH Kai< pa3 fOTOBMJiaCb. Ho BOnpOC 0
MapHH OCTaBaJICH OTKpbiTbiM, H TYT CI-IOBa BMeiiiaJI-
CH CoBeT. 06be.n;miei-maa KOMHCCHH o6enx naJiaT,
pyKoao.n;:nMM '-IJienaMM CoaeTa 11 ~JII-O.ll:bMH ,neJia~,
COCTaBI-IJla ,UBa 3aKOI-IOnpoeKTa; O,AIUI - nenll.(H}l 0
3UIII!CHHH MapHH rpa>K.nancKnx H :nMy.m;ecTBe:tHiblX
npaB, a BTOpOH - 3aKOHOnpoeKT 0 JIHllleHHH ee npa-
Ba npCCTOJIOHaCJI€.l{HH.


~ EA.J13aBeTa I AHr.I\IU1cKa.R
~
lll~=====A>T'"Jil
3a CTO neT .n:o KapJia II y Emi3aBCTbl 6biJI ee
C06CTBeHI-IbiH ~Kpl13HC HCKJIIO'-IeHmi~, l1 OHa CTOJIKHy-
JiaCb c 6oJiee crrJio'-IeHI-IbiMH p.R.n;aMH. C::>p <Dp::>HCHC
HoyJIJI3, c::>p ll)KeMc KpocpT H3 Taiinoro coBeTa H
necKOJibKO HX areHTOB BO r JiaBe c ToMacoM HopTo-
HOM o6pa6oTaJIH IIaJiaTy 06J:nHH, Tor.n;a KaK Jiop.n:-
KaHUJiep E::>KOH H .n:pyrHe "tiJieHbi CoBeTa 3axBaTHJIH
rrepBeHCTBO B IIaJiaTe Jlop.n;oB, a EepJIH .n:eiicTBOBaJI
KaK Koop.n;HHaTOp. ErrHCKOTibi rrpe.n;cTaBHJIH .n;JIHHHbiH
rrepe"tieHb 6orOCJIOBCKHX rrpH"t!HH, "t!T06bi orrpaB,ll;aTb
I<a3Hb MapHH, a I<OMHCCH.R IDpHCTOB Bbi.ll:BHHyJia IDpH-
.n:w-IeCKHe apryMeHTbi. C TO"t!I<H 3peHH.R CoBeTa Bee
IIIJIO XOpOIIIO - eCJIH 6bi TOJibi<O C,ll;aJiaCb I<OpOJieBa.
21 Ma.R EepJIH 3aMe"tJaJI: ~HeB03MO)KHO .n:ocTH"t!b 6oJib-
IIIero 3,ll;paBOMbiCJIH.R, "tJeM B llaJiaTe 06J:nHH, l1 B Bep-
XHeH rraJiaTe Bcero xBaTaeT; no caMa.R BbiCOI<a.R rrep-
coHa rrpO.RBJI.ReT Tai<yiO Me,ll;JIHTeJibHOCTb l1 Tai<yiO 3a-
.n;ep)KI<Y B peiiieHH.RX, "t!TO I<a)KeTc.R, 6y.n;To Eory He
yro.n:no, "tJT06bi yBepeHHOCTb rro6e.n;HJia~ 14 • Eory - H
EJIH3aBeTe TID.n;op - rro-rrpe)KHeMy 6biJIO Heyro.n:no,
I<OpOJieBa 06b.RBMJia, "t!TO OHa HC COrJiaCHTC.R Ha JIH-
IIIei-me rpa)K.n;aHCI<HX H HMy~necTBeHHbiX rrpaB, H ona
narrpaBHJia ycHJIH.R na 3ai<onorrpoei<T ~o6 MCI<JIIO"tJe-
HHM~.
HecMoTp.R na ::>To, "tJJieHbi TaH:noro coBeTa rrpo-
.ll:OJI)KaJII-I peiiiHTeJibHO ,ll;06HBaTbC.R JIHllleHH.R rrpaB, MO-
)KCT, OHM ne na.n;e.RJIHCb, "tJTO EJIH3aBeTa I<a3HHT cecT-
py-MonapxHHIO. Ho Borrpoc o JIHllleHHM rrpaB, Bepo-
.RTHO, 3acTaBHJI EJIM3aBeTy rro.n;yMaTb o6 ~MCI<JIIO"t!e­
HHH' '.
CoBeT M ero 3arrpaBHJibi cpa)KaJIHCb, "tJT06bi
rrpoTaJ:nHTb ycJIO)KHeHHbiM 3ai<OHOTipOei<T 06 ~HCI<JIIO­
'-IeHHll~ qepe3 Bee ero CTa.n;HM .n:o Toro, I<ai< na"tJHeTc.R
"t!YMHoe BpeM.R H KopoJieBa 3aKpoeT ceccmo. OnM lllJIH
narrpoJioM, 3arpy)lGl.R I<OMMCCHIO · B IIaJiaTe 06rrmn H


~ KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
lll~==========A>'TJI.!
,no6IIBaJICb rrocemaeMOCTH, n 3aKoHorrpoeKT eJie-eJie
ycrreJI rrpoH:Tn. Ho Bee 6biJIO HarrpacHo. EepJIH B oT-
'-IaJIHHH rrncaJI BaJibCHHraMy:
~Terrepb nac'-!eT narnero napJiaMCHTa n 5I IIe
Mory IIHCaTb CIIOKOHHO: BCe, 3a '-ITO Mbl 6opOJIHCb
n rrpn IIOJIHOM corJiacnn rrpnBeJIH B HY)KHYIO ¢op-
MY - 5I HMeiO B BH.li:Y 3aKOH, KOTOpbiH o6b5IBHJI
6bi lllOTJiaH,li;CKYIO KOpOJieBy HeCIIOC06HOH ll He-
,li;OCTOHHOH Ha,neTb Kopony - He 6biJI Ee BeJIH-
qecTBOM Hll OTBeprHyT, HH YTBep)K,ll;eH, IIO OTJIO-
)KeH .no rrpa3.n;HHKa Bcex CB5ITbiX. Ho '-ITO o6 3TOM
MoryT rro.nyMaTb Bee .npyrne MY.lJ:Pbie n .nocToH:-
Hbie mo.n;u, Bbi MO)KeTe .nora.n;aTbC5I~ ts.
:3TO 6biJI KJiaCCH'-IeCKHH rrpHMep JiaBHpOBaHH5I
EJIH3aBeTbi. Ee BbiHY.li:HJIH corJiaCHTbC5I Ha C03biB rrap-
JiaMeHTa, HO oHa He o65I3aHa 6biJia corJiarnaTbC5I c ero
3aKoHo.n;aTeJibHbiMH aKTaMH. Ee coBeTHHKH rro.n pyKo-
BO.lJ:CTBOM oepJIH opraHH30BaJIH Ha)KHM OTHOCHTeJib-
HO Ka3HH Mapnn. llTo6bi pa3p5I.li:HTb 3TY KaMrraHHIO n
'-IT06bi H36e)KaTb OTKpbnoH: CTbi'-IKH Me)K.ny CoBeTOM
ll rrapJiaMeHTOM C O,li;HOH CTOpOHbl ll CaMOH co6o:i1:,
110'-ITH B IIOJIHOM O,li;HHO'-IeCTBe, OHa, Ka3aJIOCb, COrJia-
CHJiaCb Ha HCKJIIO'-IeHHe H3 rrpeCTOJIOHaCJie,li;H5I. Ho B
KOHI.J:e KOHnOB (IIOTOMY liTO ,li;HCKpe,li;HTHpOBaHHa5I
Mapn5I 6biJia eH: Bbiro.n;Hee c rrpaBOM HacJie.n;oBaHH5I, a
He 6e3 Hero) OHa (TOJibKO He Ha3biBaJI ~HOrO IIOCTyrr-
Ka CBOHM HMeHeM) HaJIO)KHJia BeTO Ha 3aKOHOIIpOeKT
n Ha3Ha'-IHJia rrepepbiB B pa6oTe rrapJiaMeHTa.
HecMOTp5I Ha rropa)KeHne, '-!JieHbi TaH:Horo coBe-
Ta IIpO,li;OJI)KaJIH OKa3biBaTb Ha KOpOJieBy .n;aBJiei-IHe CO
CTOpOHbl rrapJiaMeHTa, OC06eHHO BO BpeM5I CeCCHH
1586- 1587 rr. Ceccm:r 1586 r. 6biJia rroBTopeHneM
ceccuu 1572 r. B 6oJiee M5IrKo:l1: ¢opMe. CoBeTI-IHKH


~ EAHaaseTa I AHrAHJ'icKa.R
~
lll~========~JI!
XOTCJUI, 'IT06bi CeCCIDI IIOMOfJia Emi3aBeTe rrpHMHpHTb-
CH c Ka3HbiO Map1111. Orrpe.l(eJieiiHO 6biJia 6opb6a oT-
HOCliTCJibHO Toro, HY)I(HO JIH C03biBaTb rrapJiaMeHT. B
CCHTH6pe 1586 r. J3epJIH .l(OKJia,l(biBaJI: ~Mbi 3aO.l(HO C
rrapJiaMCHTOM, 'ITO Ee BeJIH~recTBY He HpaBHTCH, no
Hbl HaCTaHBaCM, 'IT06bi :ny TH)I(eCTb Jierqe 6biJIO Bbi-
IICCHI, a 3a rpaHJU.{eH ::>TO 6y.l(eT JIY'IIIIe BOCIIpHHHTO~:
o~reBHJJ:HO, OHH na,l(eHJIHCb, 'ITO EJIH3aBeTa cKopee co-
rJiaCHJiaCb 6bi Ha Ka3Hb, eCJIH 6bi MOfJia CBaJIHTb BHHY
Ha rrapJiaMeHT. Kor.n:a ceccHH OTKpbiJiacb, XaTTOH,
MaH:JI.n;MeH:, Kpoqn H HoyJIJI3 rroBeJIH llaJiazy 06-
IIJ;HH, a JIOp.l(-KaHI.{Jiep EpoMJIH 11 EepJIH - llaJiaTy
Jlop.l(OB B aTaKy Ha Mapmo, 11 KopoJieBe rrpe.l(CTaBH-
JIH COBMeCTHYIO IIeTHIJ;HIO 0 ee Ka3Hl1. 24 HOH6pH
1586 r. EJIH3aBeTa coo6mHJia cBoif OTBeT ,l(eJierau;HH
OT o6eHX IIaJiaT, KaK OHa CaMa ccpopMyJIHpOBaJia:
~Moif OTBeT - HeT OTBeTa~ 16 • KopoJieBa He IIpHHH-
MaJia peiiieHHH, l1 rrapJiaMeHTCKHX IIpOCb6 6biJIO He-
JJ:OCTaTO'IHO. TionoMy BaJibcaHraM, no Bceif Bepo.HT-
HOCTH, HHCIJ;eHHpOBaJI CTacpcpop.l(CKHH 3arOBOp, 'IT0-
6bi Em13aBeTa HcrryraJiaCb 11 Ha'IaJia .l(eHCTBOBaTb. Ha
::>TOT pa3 CoBeT .l(06HJIC.H cBoero, 11 MapH.H B30IIIJia Ha
rrJiaxy B cDOTepHHree 8 cpeBpaJI.H 1587 r.
-
XOTJI EJIH-
3aBeTe II0Ha,l(06HJICH K03eJI OTIIymeHH.H, l1 Kapbepa CeK-
peTap.H LJ:eifBHCOHa Ha ::>TOM 3aKOH'IHJiaCb.
l!epe3 He,l(eJIIO IIOCJie Ka3Hl1 napJiaMeHT B0306HO-
BHJI pa6oTy, l1 3Ta BTOpa.H CeCCHH TO)I(e HCIIOJib30Ba-
JiaCb, 'IT06bi OKa3aTb .n;aBJieHHe Ha KOpOJieBy - Ha
::>TOT pa3 'IT06bi BbiHY.l(HTb ee rrpHH.HTb HH.l(epJiaH.l(bi
IIO,l( CBOIO BJiaCTb B HHTepecax 6oJiee ::>cpcpeKTHBHOH
coBMeCTHoif 6opb6bi c I1crraHHeif. Eme pa3 'IJieHbi Taif-
Horo coBeTa B llaJiaTe 06mHH B3.HJIH Ha ce6.H pyKo-
BOJJ:CTBo: XaTTOH, Mai1:JI.l(Me:H: 11 HoyJIJI3 6pocaJIH rrpo-
3pa~rHhre Har-ICKH D T0!\1 ITJiaHe, 'ITO Ha,l(O IIOIIpOCUTb


~
Kopo.Aesa H napAaMeHT
~
lll'U..=========~JI!
KopoJieBy rrpMH$1Tb HMAepJiaHAbi, a <<JIIOAM ,neJia» 11
rrpM.l.(BOpHbie, TaKMe KaK ToMac CecHJI, CbiH fiepJIM,
noMep»<HBaJIH 3TY MAeiO. KoMMCCH$1 IIOA BJIHRHHeM
COBeTHHKOB H CIIHKepa fiaKepHI-Ira peiiiHJia IIOAKy-
IIHTb KOpOJieBy, BOCIIOJib30BaBIIIHCb ee qmHaHCOBbiMli
3a1'pyAHeHHSIMH. Emi3aBeTe rrpeAJIO»<HJIH e»<eroAnym
AOTal.lHIO AO KOHI.la BOHHbi, eCJIH OHa IIpHMeT BJiaCTb.
CoBeT H IlaJiaTa 061IlHH XOTeJIH CBR3aTb KOpOJieBy
o6R3aTeJibCTBOM 6opoTbCR 3a ocBo6o»<.nemre HHAep-
JiaHAOB OT J1crraHHH, HO EJIH3aBeTa BCe eme Ha,l(eR-
JiaCb BbiHYAHTb Cl>HJIHIIIIa II AOfOBOpHTbCR CO CBOU-
MH fOJIJiaHACKHMH IIOAZJ.aHHbiMH. 0Ha OTKa3a.JiaCb OT
AOTal.lHH: EJIH3aBeTa no»<epTBOBaJia MapHeii, HO »<ep-
TBOBaTb BHeiiiHeii: IIOJIHTHI<OH OHa He COrJiarnaJiaCb.
no MHeHHIO C3pa ,l(»<OHa HHJia, EJIH3aBeTa noc-
TORHHO cpa»<aJiaCb C napJiaMeHTOM, KOTOpbiH CJIHIII-
KOM MHOfO 0 ce6e AYMaJI, TaK KaK B HeM BepXOBO,nH-
JIH BOHHCTBeHHbie nypHTaHe. KaK IIOKa3aJI C3p lJ>Ke<P-
<PPH 3JITOH17 , 3TO HenpaBAa. BoJibiiiYIO ':IaCTb cBoe-
ro BpeMeHH Ha 6oJiblneii: lJaCTH 3ace.namn1: napJia-
MeHT AeJiaJI CBOe AeJIO, fOJIOCYR 3a cy6CHAMH, KOTO-
pbie IIpOCHJia KOpOJieBa, 06Cy»<Aa.R H npHHHMa.SI 3a-
KOHOIIpOeKTbl rocyAapCTBCHfiOfO 3Ha':ICHHR, paCCMaT-
pHBaR ':IaCTHbiC 3aKOHOIIpOeKTbl, He06XOAHMbie, ':IT0-
6bi pa3BR3aTb y3Jibi 3eMeJibHOro npaBa H CTOJIKHOBe-
HHH KOHKpeTHbiX HHTCpeCOB. lJame BCero He 1'pe6o-
BaJIOCb HH':Iero, KpOMC CaMOfO M.HfKOfO Ha»<HMa, ':IT0-
6bi AOOHTbC.H JaBeprneHHH HY»<Horo AeJia. Ho HHor-
.na cJiy':IaJincb HerrpHHTHOCTH, H c TO':IKH 3peHHH EJIH-
3aBeTbi OHH 6biJIH ropa3.no cepbe3Hee, ':ICM .nyMaJI
HHJI. l16o pa3I-IOrJiaCJUI o6bPHIO cJiyqamicb He MI~)K­
AY npaBMTCJibCTBOM EJIH3aBeTbi H ee napJiaMeHTOM,
a Me»<.ny caMo~i EJm3aBeToii H ee rrpaBHTeJibCTBOM n
rrapJiaMCHTOM B coro3c. TaKHe TPY.l{HOCTH B03HHKa-


~ EAHJaaeTa I AHrli.HHCKasr
~
lll~======A>T"Jil
JIH, Kor.n:a o6bP:IHbie EJIH3aBeTHHbi npHeMbi noJIHTH-
qecKoro ynpaBJieHHSI OKa3biBaJIHCb Hea.n:eKBaTHbiMH
-
KOf,l{a eli He y.n:aBaJIOCb paCKOJIOTb OTITI03HUHIO B
CoBeTe, 3anyrHBaSI H pa3.n:eJISISI, H Kor.n:a oHa He Mor-
Jia o6e3Bpe.l{HTb OTITI03HUHIO TIO.li:KYTIOM, TIOJIHTH':IeC-
KHM C06Jia3HOM H 3MOUHOHaJibHbiM IIIaHTa)l(OM y ce6SI
npH .n:Bope. Kor.n:a ee nonbiTKH 3aTKHYTb poT CBOHM
MHHHCTpaM B CoBeTe H npH .n:Bope npoBaJIHBaJIHCb,
He06XO,l{HMO 6biJIO HaHeCTH HM nopa)l(eHHe B napJia-
MeHTe: B Ka':leCTBe opy)l(HSI OHa HCTIOJib30BaJia CBOIO
C06CTBeHHYIO JIH':IHOCTb H C06CTBeHHOe TIOHHMaHHe
CBOHX KOHCTHTYUHOHHbiX npaB.
CaMbiMH Ba)l(HbiMH HHCTpyMeHTaMH EJIH3aBeTbi
6biJIH ee pe'IH B napJiaMeHTe, H oHa y.n:eJISIJia 6oJibiiiOe
BHHMaHHe HX HaTIHCaHHIO, npOH3HeCeHHIO H ny6JIHKa-
UHH. XOTSI ee JIOp.l{bi-KaHUJiepbi H xpaHHTeJIH BbiCTy-
TiaJIH OT HMeHH KOpOJieBbl, OHa TaK)l(e fOTOBHJia H pe'IH
,l{JISI ce6SI. 0Ha CaMa TIHCaJia CBOH pe':IH H CTaJia KBa-
JIHCpHUHpOBaHHbiM COCTaBHTeJieM: 3aMeTHO, 'ITO ee pe':IH
CTaHOBHJIHCb ropa3,l{O 6oJiee SICHbiMH H TIOHSITHbiMH
no Mepe Toro, KaK OHa Ha6HpaJiacb onbiTa n o6peTaJia
yBepeHHOCTb. 3a HCKJIIO':IeHHeM TIO.l{06HSI «fO,l{OBOfO
OT'IeTa~ B 1576 r., ee o6paiUeHHSI HeH3MeHHO 6biJIH
OTKJIHKOM Ha KaKyiO-TO napJiaMeHTCKYIO neTHUHIO HJIH
npo6JieMy, qacTo no.n: .n:aBJieHHeM ':IJieHoB CoBeTa. TaK
'ITO 06bi':IHO OHa BbiCTynaJia B MOMeHT TIOJIHTH':IeCKOfO
KpH3HCa, Kor.n:a ee cnpaBe,l{JIHBoe Hero.n:oBaHHe .n:oJI)l(-
HO 6biJIO CMRr':laTbCSI TaKTOM H co6Jia3HOM. Coxpa-
HHBIIIHeCSI qepHOBHKH TIOKa3biBaiOT, 'ITO paHHHe Ba-
pHaHTbl peqeii 6biJIH KJIOKO':IYIUHMH OT rHeBa, HO 3a-
TeM OHa c6aBJISIJia TOH. B nepBOM Ha6pOCKe CBOero
OTBeTa napJiaMeHTCKoii .n:eJierauHH no Bonpocy o npe-
CTOJIOHacJie.n:mi B 1566 f. OHa 06BHHSIJia napJiaMeHTa-
pHeB B H3Mene, HO 3TO OCKOp6JieHue 6biJIO Bbi':IepKHy-


~ KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
lll'U.=======~A>T'"Jil
TO, M, pa60TaJI Ha,n TeKCTOM, EJIM3aBeTa M30 BCeX CMJI
cTapa.nacb 6biTb BeJIMKO.ZJ:YIIIHOH K CBOeMy Hapo,ny. 0Ha
oco6eHHO paCCbiiiaJiaCb B KOMIIJIMMeHTaX M 3aHrpbiBa-
Jia rrepe,n flaJiaTOH 06Il.(MH: OHa IlbiJiaJia rHeBOM K
II3paM M eiiMCKOIIaM, KOTOpbie, KaK OHa ,nyMaJia, ,D:O-
JI)l(Hbl 3HaTb, "liTO eii JIY"liiiie He rrepe"liMTb, HO flaJiaTa
06mMH rrpe,ncTaBmiJia ee mo65Ill.(MX rro.n,naHHbiX. XoT51
OHa 06bi"l!HO yrpO)J(aJia COBeTHMKaM M cypoBO KpHTM-
KOBaJia HeiiOKOpHbie MeHblliMHCTBa, ee o6pall.(eHM51 K
napJiaMeHTapM5IM 6biJIM 06MJibHO c,no6peHbl JieCTbiO M
o6emaHMeM 3a6oTMTbC51 o6 MX MHTepecax.
EJIM3aBeTa "llaCTO IIbiTaJiacb pa3,neJIMTb HarrpaB-
JieHHYIO Ha Hee napJiaMeHTCKYIO <iJaJiaHry, pyraJI enMC-
KOIIOB, MJIM "liJieHOB CoBeTa, MJIH BOMHCTBYIOII.(MX ny-
pHTaH 3a TO, "liTO OHM BBO,D:5IT B 3a6Jiy)J(,neHMe 3,D:paBO-
MbiCJI5Ill.(MX, npe,naHHbiX rpa)J(,D:aH, CHMII.(HX C3a,D:M.
0Ha o6emaJia yMepeHHbie pe¢opMbi, ecJIM 6bi TOJibKO
rop5I"l1Me roJIOBbi 3aMOJI"llaJIM. B 1585 r. oHa cKa3aJia
COBeTHMKaM M npe,ncTaBMTeJI5IM ,nyxoBeHCTBa IIOCJie pe-
JIMfH03HbiX ,D:MCIIYTOB B llaJiaTe 06Il.(MH: ~Mbl He 6y-
,neM 06BMH51Tb B 3TMX 6ecnop5I,D:KaX BCIO flaJiaTy, M60,
XOT51 B HeM Hai1:,neTC51 KY"l!Ka Hec,nep)J(aHHbiX M 6e3pac-
cy,n:HbiX fOJIOB, TaM eCTb MHOfO My,npbiX M 6Jiaropa-
3YMHbiX JIIO,D:eH~. 3aTeM OHa npH3HaJia, "liTO KOe-Ka-
I<Me pe<lJopMbl B uepKBM He06XO,D:MMbi, M IIOKpHTMKO-
BaJia MHepUHIO enMcKonoB. KopoJieBa -qacTo ,naBaJia
o6ell.(aHM51 0 pe<lJopMaX, ,D:JI.H BbiiiOJIHeHM51 KOTOpbiX
OHa MaJIO "liTO ,neJiaJia. 0Ha rrpopOHMJia He"l!TO TyMaH-
HOe 0 MOHOIIOJIM5IX B 1597 r., HO B 1601 f. OKa3aJiaCb
B CMTyaUMM, KOr,na B flaJiaTe 06Il.(MH CH 06 3TOM Tai<-
TM"liHO HanoMHMJIM. B 1601 r. B OI<pyrax Ha6mo.na-
JIOCb 3Ha"l!MTeJibHOe He,D:OBOJibCTBO MOHOIIOJIH.HMM, M B
I<oHue I<OHUOB EJIM3aBeTa noH.HJia, "liTO Tpe6oBaJiaCb
IIaCTO.HIUaJI ycTyrri<a. 0Ha II03BaJia CIIMI<epa Kpyi<a M


~ EAHJaseTa I AHrAHikKa.SI
~
lll~========.A>T"Jil
06MIBHJia 0 npHOCTaJ-IOBKe ,l.{e.SITeJibHOCTH arpeCCHB-
HbiX MOHOTIOJIHH: ~,lla HaTIOJIHHT HaC fOCTIO,l.{b 6Jiaro-
.n:apHOCTbiO H ,l.{a TIOIIIJieT e:H MHOfO JieT npaBJieHH.SI
Ha,l.{ HaMil~ 1 -
npOH3HeC CTIHKep 18.
Ho KJIIOl.leBo:H TaKTHKOH KopoJieBbi 6biJIO .uep-
)KaTbC.SI c 6oJiblllHM .n:ocTOHHCTBOM, HanoMHHaJI nap-
JiaMeHTapm:JM 11 nspaM, l.ITO OHH ee rro.n:.n:aHHbie, a
oHa HX 6oroHs6panHa.SI KopoJieBa. He1.1ero ee sarry-
rHBaTb, cKasaJia oHa HM B 1566 r.: ~51 Baiiia KopoJie-
sa, noMa3ammua EmKb51, H HaCHJIHe HHKor.n:a He 3a-
cTaBHT MeH51 liTO-JIH6o c.n:eJiaTb~. EJIH3aseTa yrpo-
)KaJia TeM, KTO )KaJIOBaJIC5f, H TeM, KTO HX ITO,l.{CTpe-
KaJI, KaK B 1585 r.: ~0HH BMeiiiHBaiOTC5f B ,l.{eJia Bbiiiie
HX pa3yMeHH.SI, KOTOpbie HX He KaCaiOTC.SI, H 3a 3TO
Mbi npH30BeM K OTBeTy HeKOTOpbiX 113 HHX. KaK Mbl
TIOHHMaeM, HX no.n:.n:ep)KHBaeT KOe-KTO 113 Haiiiero
CoBeTa, Mbi HX nepey6e.n:HM HJIH )Ke BbiBe,ueM HeKo-
TOpbiX H3 CoaeTa~ 19 • 0Ha o6pamaJiacb, BbiXO.ll.SI sa
paMKH caoero CoaeTa 11 o6cy)K.n:aeMoro aorrpoca, np.SI-
MO K l.JJieHaM napJiaMeHTa B006IUe H K HX JIO.SIJibHbiM
H36HpaTeJI.SIM. Hnor.a.a, KaK B 1576 H B 1593 IT., ee
Bbl.n:aromuec.SI napJiaMeHTCKHe pe1.111 He 6biJIH CJibiiii-
Hbi TeM, ,l.{JI.SI KOfO OHH Ha ,l.{eJie npe.n:Ha3Hal.laJiaCb -
3a,l.{HHM p.SI,l.{aM TOJIITbi - TI03TOM)' OHH 6biBaJIH nepe-
TIHCaHbi H pacnpOCTpaHeHbi. 0Ha TIOCJiaJia KOTIHIO
csoe:H pe1.111 Ha 3aKpbiTHH napJiaMeHTa B 1576 r., KO-
Topo:H, TID-BH,llHMOMy, rop.n:HJiaCb, CBOeMy KpeCTHO-
MY Cbmy ,ll)KOHY XapHnrroHy, H MHorol.IHCJieHHbie
,npyrHe KOTIHH 6biJIH pacnpOC'fPaHeHbi npH ,l.{BOpe.
TruaTeJibHO no.n:roTOBJienuM pHTOpHKa He .n:omKna
6biJia npOHTH .n:apoM. C 1585 r. ee pel.IH HaMepeHHO
H CHCTeMaTJPieCKH KOIIHpOBaJIHCb H IIIHpOKO pacnpoc-
TpaiUIJIHCb, OHM TaK){(e neqaTaJIHCb B XpOHI-IKaX TOfO
npeMeHH B OT/\eJibBbiX I..J3,l.{aHH5fX.


~ KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
lll'U..=========A>TJI!
EJU13aBeTa cTapaJiacb CHH3HTh .n;aBJieHHe napJia-
:MeHTa 11 rryTeM orpaHHqeHH.SI o6cy)K,n;aeMhiX TeM. 0Ha
ITbiTaJiaCb ITOMeiiiaTh COBeTHHKaM liCI10Jih30BaTb rrap-
JiaMeHT 11pOTliB nee, ,l{OKa3biBa.SI, qTQ HeKOTOpbie BO-
HpOCbl - 3a rrpe,n;eJiaMH ero KOMITeTeHQllll ll MOryT
6hiTh perneHbl TOJihKO KOpOJieBOH 11pll KOHCYJihTa-
nrm ee CoBeTa. B 1571 r. B CBOeM OTBeTe Ha Tpa,n;H-
HHOHHYIO rrpOCh6y Cm1Kepa 0 CB06o,n;e CJIOBa B lla-
JiaTe 06rn;HH Jiop,n;-xpaHHTeJih D3KOH coo6rn;HJI: Ko-
poJieBa «cKaJaJia, qTo 6biJIO 6bi Jiyqrne, ecJIH 6hi OHH
He BMeiiiHBaJiliCh B ,l{eJia rocy,n;apCTBa, eCJill TOJihKO
3TH ,n;eJia He Bhl.l{BHranach Ha HX o6cy)K,n;eHHe, a Ja-
HHMaJIHCh 6bi ,n;pyrHMll ,l{eJiaMH, KaCaiOIQliMliC.SI BCe-
fO coo6mecTBa~. EJIH3aBeTa ccpopMyJIHpoBaJia HOBoe
pa3Jillqlle Me)K,n;y «.l{eJiaMH rocy,n;apCTBa~, BhiCOKOH
110JiliTliKOH, KOTOpbie rrapJiaMeHT .l{QJI)KeH o6cy)K.l{aTh,
TOJihKO ecJIH oHa HX rrorrpocHT, II <<,n;eJiaMH coo6mec-
TBa~, TeMH o6m;eCTBeHHhiMll ll 3KOHOMHqeCKliMll BO-
rrpocaMH, KOTOpbiMll rrapJiaMeHT 06biqHo ll 3aHHMaJI-
C.SI. TiapJiaMeHT rrorrpocHJIH He JaTparHBaTh Borrpo-
coB, perneHHe KOTOpbiX 6hiJIO rrpeporaTHBOH MOHap-
XliHll. Jlop,n;-KaHUJiep DpOMJill 11011pOCliJI llaJiaTy
06rn;HH B 1581 r. «He JaHHMaThC.SI .n;eJiaMH ee rocy-
,n;apcTBa, KoTopbie KacaroTc.SI ee rrpeporaTHB, a TaK-
)Ke peJIHrHeii~ 20 • TipaKTHqecKH, EJIH3aBeTa B p.SI,n;e
CJiyqaeB 11hiTaJiaCb BOCrrpeii.SITCTBOBaTb o6cy)K.l{eHHIO
B rrapJiaMeHTe 3aKOHOIIpOeKTOB - 0 rrpeCTOJIOHaCJie-
.l{IU:I B 1566 r.; 0 peJillfllll B 1572, 1576, 1581, 1584,
1585, 1589 ll 1597 rr.; 0 KOpOJieBCKliX cpHHaHCaX B
1589, 1597 11 1601 rr. CymecTBOBaJio eme o.n;Ho pa3-
JinqHe, Ha KOTopoM EJIH3aBeTa HacTaHBaJia. B 1599 r.
b3KOH CKa3aJI napJiaMeHTy: KOpOJieBa ,n;apOBaJia liM
cno6o,n;y cJioBa rrpH ycJIOBHH, qTo OHH «HH no Hepa-
3YMHIO, Hll 110 6ecrreqHQCTll He 3a6y,n;yT 0 CBOeM ,l{OJI-


~ E;uf3aseTa I AHr;uuicKaSI
~
lll~======~Jil
re, ITO"l:ITelUUI 11 ITOCJiyrnaHHH CBOeMy MOHapxy~. KaK
o6b.HCHHJI c3p YOJITep Mati:JI,n:Meti: B 15 76 r.: «HaM
HeJih3.H 3a6hiBaTh o pa3JIHlfHH Me)K,n:y cBo6o,n:o:i1: cJio-
Ba 11 pacnyrueHHOCThiO B CJIOBax, 1160 6Jiaro,n:ap.H nep-
Boti: JIIO,ll;H MOfYT Bbipa)KaTb CBOe MHeHHe CB060,n:IIO,
HO C YCJIOBHeM, lfTO BCe fOBOpHTC.H K MeCTy, CKpOM-
HO, OCTOpO)KHO 11 C ITOlfTeHHeM. BTopa.H, Hao6opOT,
Be,n:eT K TOMY, lfTO BCe np0113HOCHTC.H He K MeCTY,
Heo6,n:yMaHHO, BbiCOKOMepHO 11 HeTIOlfTHTeJibHO, He
npHHHMa.H BO BHHMai-me JI11IJ;O, BpeM.H 11JII1 MeCTO~.
CBo6o,n:a CJIOBa 6brJia pa3pernena, HO TOJihKO ecJIH
eiO ITOJib30BaJIHCb pa3yMHO - KaK JiaKOHHlfHO Bbipa-
311JIC.H llaKepHnr B 1593 r.: « Ee BeJIHlfeCTBO ,n:apyeT
BaM cBo6o,n:nyro, no He pacnyrueHnyro peqh; cJie,n:o-
BaTeJihHO, 3TO CB06o,n:a, HO C ,ll;OJI)KHbiM OrpaHHlfeHH-
eM~21. 3TO orpai-mlferme na CTHJib Be,n:enH.H cnopoB
Bbi3BaJio ropa3,n:o MeHhrne ,n:e6aToB, lfeM orpanHlfe-
nHe Ha 06JiaCTb ,ll;HCKYCCHH, 11 Te, KTO, KaK ilHTep
Y:mTyapT, 3aXO,ll;I1JII1 CJIHlliKOM ,n:aJieKO, ITO,ll;BepraJIHCb
HaKa3aHHIO B llaJiaTe. Ho, TeM ne MeHee, 3TO 6biJIO
Ba)KHOe orpaHHlfeHHe, ITOTOMY lfTO cpaKTHlfeCKH OliO
JIHlliHJIO napJiaMeHTapHeB B03MO)KHOCTI1 B03pa)KaTb
npOTHB np.HMbiX KOpOJieBCKHX yKa30B.
He BO Beex cJiylfa.Hx, 11 ,n:a)Ke He CJIHlliKOM qac-
TO KOpOJieBe y,n:aBaJIOCb orpaHHlfHTb napJiaMeHTC-
KHe .n:e6aThi «6e3onacHbiMH~ BonpocaMH. liJieHhi
CoBeTa 11 HX areHThi 3aBo,n:HJIH lfJienoB napJiaMer-ITa
B 06JiaCTI1, KOTOpble EJIH3aBeTOH 6biJII1 OTMelfeHbl
KaK 3anperuennhre, on11 nhrTaJIHCb oKa3aTb na nee
o6ruecTBennoe ,n:aBJienHe -
oco6eHno no riOBo,n:y
npecToJionacJie,n:H.H, peJIHrHo3noii pecpopMbi, Map1111
CnoapT 11 Bnernneii nOJIHTHKH. Ho y nee 6brJia B03-
MO)KHOCTb 3aCTaBHTb 6biTb OCTOpO)KHbiMH BCeX, KpO-
Me caMbiX pernHTeJibHhrx; ona c,n:eJiaJia CBOH rneB


~
KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
lll~===========A>T"J'.!
opy,l{HeM JII060rO nOJII1TWICCI<OrO paC'-IeTa 11 3aCTa-
BlfJia napJiaMeHT C'fi1TaTbC5I CO CB011MI1 npeporaTI1-
uaMI1. Kai< Hanl1caHo B o,nnoM ,nneBH11I<e B 1572 r.:
<< IIocJiai-me, I<OTopoe 3anpeTI1JIO BHeceHI1e 3ai<ono-
npoei<TOB HaC':IeT pe1111r1111 B IJaJiaTy, I<ai< MHOri1M
Ka)f(eTC5I, HapyrnaeT CB06o,ny IJaJiaTbl, HO no 3TOMY
noBo,ny HI1I<TO HI1':Iero He ci<a3aJI~ 22 • B 1601 r., I<or-
J{a ':IJieHbl napJiaMeHTa HaCTp011JII1Cb nOJIY'f11Tb I<a-
I<YIO-TO pe¢opMy npOTI1B MOHOnOJII1H, lllJII1 ,l{OJirl1e
,ne6aTbl 0 TOM, I<ai< ,neHCTBOBaTb no ,l{eJiy, Tal< 6JII13-
KO 3aTpari1BaromeMy MOHaprnyro o6JiaCTb EJI113aBe-
Tbi. He cJie,nyeT Boo6pa)f(aTb, ':ITO napJiaMenT uapo-
':IHO CTapaJIC5I 6pocaTb Bbi30B nOJIHOMO'fi15IM MOHap-
XI1HI1: CKOpee, paClll11p5!5I CBOI1 npeporaTI1Bbl BeKO-
BbiMI1 cnoco6aMI1, EJI113aBeTa pacrn11p5111a B03MO)f(-
nocTb OrpaHI1'fi1BaTb ,l{I1CKyCCI110 11 1136eraTb KOH-
¢pOHTai..J;I111. TaKT11'feCKI1MI1 MaHeBpaMI1, opaTopcKI1M
11CI<yccTBOM 11 pe,nK11MI1 ycTynKaMI1 EJI113aBeTa o6bi'f-
Ho MernaJia CBOeMy napJiaMeHTY, pyKoBOAI1MOMY ee
CoBeTOM, npe,ncTaBJI5ITb ell: 3aKoi-IOnpoeKTbi, npo-
TI1B KOTOpbiX OHa B03pa)f(aJia.
H ec1111 ee np11eMbi npe,noTBpameHI110 He noMo-
raJII1, eCJII1 He)f(eJiaTeJibHbiH 3aKOHOnpoeKT npe,ncTaB-
Jl5IJIC5I, OHa BCer,l{a MOrJia HaJIO)f(I1Tb Ha Hero BeTO.
Ho napJiaMeHTCK11H ycrrex EJI113aBeTbi 113Mep5IeTC5I
KaK pa3 TeM, ':ITO OHa pe,ni<O 11CIIOJib30BaJia BeTO no
Ba)f(HbiM BOIIpOCaM: ej;i 3TOfO He np11XO,l{I1JIOCb ,ne-
JiaTb. 3a Tp11Ha,nu;aTb CeCC11H Ha KOpOJieBCKOe YTBep-
)K,l{eHI1e EJI113aBeTe 6biJIO npe,ncTaBJieHo np11MepHo
506 3aKoHorrpoeKTOB: OHa nponycTI1Jia 436 11 naJio-
)KHJia BCTO IIp116JII1311TeJibHO Ha 70 - BCero 14 npo-
L{CHTOB, B cpe,nHeM 5 3a Ka)f(,l{YIO CeCCI110. l1 I<aime
)Ke 3aKonorrpoeKTbi He rrporn1111? B 1597 r. 6biJIO
OTKJIOHeHO He06bi'fiiO BbiCOI<Oe KOJII1'feCTBO 3aKOHO-


R ===E=A=Jt=3=a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A="=ii=c=K=a=s== B
npoeKTOB, 12 113 55. 3TO 6hiJIM: 3ai<OHOnpOCKT 0 pe-
rYICTpallMU lliTpacpOB B cy.n.e no rpa)K,lJ,aJ-ICKMM ,lJ,C-
JlaM; 0 3anpCIUCHJ.HI nMBOBapmiM MCnOJ1b30BaTb 60Jib-
lllC .lJ.BYX KOTJIOB; 06 M3MCHCHMM nOpj:J.lJ.Ka HaCJIC,lJ,O-
naJIMj:J 3eMC.llbHbiX y-qaCTKOB; 0 pa3pCilleJ-IMM CCMbC
Cnencepon OT"tJY)K.lJ.aTb 3CMJIM; o npe.n.oTnpamennu
,lJ,BOihiOH On.llaTbl no U:CXOBbiM KHUraM; 3aKOJ-IOnpo-
CKT o 6opb6e c TaHHbiMH npanonapyrneHJij:JMJf; o pe-
ryJIHponamm npoM3BOt(cTBa cyKna B 3cceKce 11 Cycp-
¢oJIKe; o pa3perneHim 3.n.Myn.n.y MoJIMHbiOKcy npo-
.n.aTb 3CMJIM, qTo6bi 3anJiaTMTb ,noJirn; o6 M3Menemnr
ccy.11. no.n. 3aJior; o pa3pemeH1111 apen.n.aTopaM noJib-
30BaTbC~ 3CMJieH B CJiyqae neynJiaTbi; OTHOC11TC.llbHO
fappe .n.e Mamma 11 ,ll)KOHa Xanrepa, nnocTJ)aHHbiX
Kymwn; o no.n.Tnep)K.lJ.CH11M KyneqecKoro ycTana B
HbiOI<acJie-na-Ta.Hne. ToJibKO 0.11.111-1 113 3aKOJ-Ionpo-
CKTOB, o6 apcn.n.aTopax, saTpar11naJI 11HTepecbi Kopo-
Hbi, TaK llO"tJCMY )KC nOCTpa.n.aJI11 CneHCCpbl, HJIM n11-
BOBapbl, Jf.ll11 3CCeKCK11C cyKOHII.\11K11, :H.ll11 fappe ,lJ,C
Mamm?
Tio'-IT11 nee 3aKononpoeKTbi, OTKJIOHeHHbie B u:ap-
crnonanne EJI113aBeTbi, Kaca;mcb HHTepecon qacrnbiX
JI11U: H rpynn. TIOXO)KC, "tJTO TC, KTO 6hiJI npOT11B 3a-
KOHOnpoeKTa, HO liC CMOf OCTaHOB11Th ero B napJia-
MCHTC, B03MO)KH0, nonpOC11.liH KOpOJICBY OTKJIOHUTh
ero. B 1585 r. cy.n.e6Hbie BJiaCT11 n rpa)K.n.ane Kon-
Be51 B CenepnoM Y 3.1Ibce no.n.aJI11 BepJIH npocb6y yro-
nopHTb Emf3aBeTy OTKJIOHHTh 3aKoJ-IonpoeKT o npo-
ne.n.en11H KBapTaJibHbiX cecc11ii Kapnapnonrn11pa TO.llb-
I<O B Kapnapnone, a ne B Kapnapnone u Konnee.
3aKOIIOIIpOCI<T npOTaJIKJIBaJIC.Sl nap.llaMCHTapHj:JM11 OT
Kapnapnona. Konne:H ne 11MCJI cnoHx npe.n.cTaBHTe-
Jie:H, n ropo.A BbJHy)K.n.en 6biJI np116emyTh K npocb6e
o BeTo. Bep;m, no nce:H scpoj:JTIIOCT11, noMor, 11 EJI11-


~ KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
l'l'U.. ====================== A)TJI!
3aBCTa OTKJIOHMJia 3aKOHOnpOCKT. 3a BCC BpCM51 CBO-
ero npaBJICHM51 OI-Ia OTKJIOHMJia MCHblliC ,ll;CC51TM 3aKO-
HOnpOCKTOB M3-3a TOfO, liTO OHM BTOpraJIMCb B o6-
JiaCTb ee KOMnCTCHI.lJHI IIJIM npOTHBOpCliiiJIII ee no-
JIIITHKe; 10 nOJIIITllliCCKMX BCTO Ha 506 3aKOIIOnpo-
CKTOB. TOJibKO B 10 CJIYliMX (a MO)I(CT 6biTb, ,ll;a)I(C
5) eJi He nOMOfJIO ee nOJIHTIIlieCKOe MCKYCCTBO. TOJib-
KO TOr,ll;a, KOr,n;a eJi He y,n;aBaJIOCb cnpaBHTbC51 CO CBO-
HMII COBeTIUIKaMJI, no,n;KynJITb CBOMX npM,ll;BOpHbiX,
3anyraTb CBOJIX enJICKOnOB II n3pOB M OliapoBaTb 3a-
,ll;HJie p51,ll;bl CBOero napJiaMeHTa - TOJibKO TOr,n;a CH
npMXO,ll;MJIOCb MCnOJib30BaTb CBOIO KOHCTMTYIJ;JIOHHYIO
BJiaCTb.
Kor.n;a MMHIICTpbi EJIM3aBeTbi TepneJIII nopa)l(e-
HIIe B CoBeTe II npii ,ll;BOpe, OHM o6pall{aJIIICb K nap-
JiaMeHTY - HO TaM OHM TO)I(e He MOfJIII O,ll;OJieTb ee.
EJIII3aBeTa He c.n;aJiacb no Bonpocy o npecToJioHac-
Jie,n;MII B 1563 M B 1566 rr., HaclieT peJIJiriiJI B 1566,
1571 II 1584; no aHTJIKaTOJIII'-IeCKIIM 3ai<OHaM B 1571
(XOT51 B 1581 OHa nOIIIJia Ha KOMnporvmcc). Ona HC
ycTynJIJia no noBo.n;y Mapiiii CTroapT B 1572 r., JI
CCJIII ycTyniiJia B 1587, TO TOJibKO B CMJIY ,ll;OKa3a-
TCJibCTBa Toro, liTO Mapii.si .n;e:HcTBIITeJibHO 3aMbiiii-
JI.siJia ee y6IITb, HO ell{e II nOTOMY, liTO, npOCII,ll;eB Ha
TpOHe nOliTII Tpii,ll;UaTb JieT, OHa nOH.siJia: '-IT06bi y,n;ep-
)l(aTb BepHOCTb aHrJIMliaH, eM: 6oJibiiie He HY)I(HO 3a-
nyriiBaTb IIX B03MO)I(HbiM Bou;apenMeM MapJIII. EJIII-
3aBeTa ,n;o6IIBaJiaCb CBOero, nOTOMY liTO OHa OBJia,n;e-
Jia IICKYCCTBOM ynpaBJieHII51 aHrJIIIliaHaMII: OHa IIX
H5IHliMJia. 0Ha IIcnoJib30BaJia CIIJIY cBoe:H JIIIliHOCTH
ll cpaHaTJiliHYIO JIIIliHYIO npe,n;aHI-IOCTb, KOTOpyiO CIIO-
co6Ha 6biJia npo6y)l(,n;aTb, liT06bi paspyrnaTb noJIJI-
TW.J.eCKJie COI03bi, KOTOpbiC IIHOf)J;a nbiTaJIIICb CJIO-
HMTb ee. Te, KTO Kpn:'-mJI o perrmTC.TibHI>IX JJ:CiicTBH-


ftl===E=A=H=3=au=e=T=a=l=A=H=r-=A=H=H=C=K=a=SI== lH
5IX, HatJHHaJIH tiYBCTBOBaTb ·ce65I BHHOBaTbiMli II CMy-
I.l.(eliHbiMII: OHII liTO, B CaMOM ,n:eJie COMHeBaJIHCb B ee
rrpnBep:>KeiUIOCTH rrpoTeCTaHTCI<OH Bepe liJIH B ee
mo6nn I< cnonM rro.n:.n:amibiM? YtiHTbiBa5I 3cpcpeKTHB-
HOCTb MHcpOTBOptieCKOfO MexaHH3Ma, HH OJJ:HH My:>K-
lJI-IHa He MOf rrp113HaTbC5I B COMHemm - a y :>KeH-
I.IJ;HH ne crrpannmamr.
IIPMMElJAHM5I M CHOCKM
1. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 Proceedings in the Parli-
aments of Elizabeth I, 1558-1581. Leicester,
p. 175
2. Neale J E 1957 Elizabeth I and Her Parliaments,
1584-1601. Cape, p. 246
3. NealeJE1957p.247
4. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 38
5. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 442
6. NealeJE1957p.248
7. Graves MAR 1983 The management of the Eli-
zabethan House of Commons: the Council's 'men
of business', Parliamentary History 2: 14; El-
ton G R 1984 Parliament, in Haigh C A (ed.)
The Reign of Elizabeth I. Macmillan, p. 91
8. Neale J E 1953 Elizabeth land Her Parliaments,
1559-1581. Cape, p. 281; Elton G R 1986 The
Parliament of England, 1559-1581. Cambrid-
ge, p. 107
9. Parker M 1853 Correspondence, Bruce J and Pe-
rowne T T (eds). Parker Society, p. 380
10. Neale J E 1976 The Elizabethan House of Com-
mons. Fontana edn, p. 278


~ KopoAeBa H napAaMeHT
~
l'l'U_=~=========~Jf:!
11. Neale J E 1953, 1957 passim
12. Graves MAR 1983: 17-21
13. Calendar of State Papers Spanish, 1558--67,
p. 604
14. Graves MAR 1983: 27
15. Read C 1960 Lord Burgflley and Queen Eliza-
beth. Cape, p. 50
1G. Read C 1960 p. 361; Neale J E 1957 p. 129
17. Elton G R 1986 pp. 350-72
18. Neale J E 1957 pp. 69, 385
19. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 148; Neale J E 1957 p.
69
20. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 pp. 199, 526
21. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 pp. 43, 453; Neale J E
1957 p. 249
22. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 331


rJIABA 'J
I<OPOAEBA H APMJUI
EJin3aBeTa I npnJiaraJia nocTO~HHbiC ycnJIJUI,
•no6bi 3aCTaBIITb JIIO)J,CM )J,CJiaTb TO, l.JTO OHa XOTCJia.
Ona J{OIICICaJia CBOIIX COBCTHIIKOB, O'IapOBbiBaJia CBO-
MX IIpii)J.BOpHbiX, H~H-..IIIJia CBOIIX napJiaMCI-ITapUCE,
n OHa IIO'ITII acer,na .uo6naaJiacb acero - nJIM IIOl.JTH
acero. EM: npHIIIJIOCb IIO)KepTBOBaTb repuoroM Hop-
cpoJIKCKMM B 1572 r. H IIIOTJiaH)J,CKOM KOp0.71CBOM B
1587, 110 OHa Bbii1rpaJia OCT2JJ.bUbiC IIOJIHTII'ICCKHC
6MTBbl H COXpaHHJJa BJiaCTb Ha)J, CBOMM OKpy>KCHJieM.
Ho C BOCHHbiMH M MOpCKHMH KOMaH,UYlOillHMH 6b1JIO
uual.Je: 3)J,CCb ee ycnexn 6biJIH ropa3,UO MCHbiiie. B
ICaKOH-TO CTCJICHH 3TO Y.UMBMTCJlbliO, IIOCKOJibKY OHH
IIO)J,BepraJIHCb TaKOJ\.1Y )J(C MCKycy II C06Jia3HY, KOTO-
pbiC yKpoma;m .upyn-tx MY)K...HIH. Ee reHepaJibi M a.u-
MnpaJI~I HC COCTaBJI5lJIII OTJ{CJlbHbiX npocpeCCHOHaJib-
lll•IX rpynn: ::!TO 6biJIH ee II:3pb1, ee COBCTHMKH, ee
npn.a:aopnNe II l.JJICHbi ee napJiaMeina, M a .upyroM
1{~•iecTBe ona .n.o61maJiaCb KOHTPOJI5l na.l{ HMMH. Ho
tmr.ua OHM IIOJIY'IaJIJf KOMan.uoaaJ-me ap?vmeii, Kor,na
HX IIOCbiJiaJIIf 3a MOp.n I<aK YIIOJIJIOM01ICHHbiX KOpO-
JICBbi, Ollll IICpCCTaB<l.JIII CJiylllaThC5l - OHH 3a6biBa-


m1 ,Lla)Ke o noJiyqemibiX npriKa3ax - 11 rnaraJIH no
IIOJIIO 6HTBbl HJIH no naJiy6e KOpa6JIJI KaK He3aBHCH-
Mbie JIH,ll;epbl.
KpaihmM cJiyqaeM 6biJI rpacp 3cceKc, KOTOpbiiT
CMOTpCJI Ha BOITHY KaK Ha BOCXHTHTeJibiiYIO Hrpy I1
KaK Ha B03MO)KHOCTb noKpaCOBaTbC.H BO BCeM 6JieC-
Ke - noKa, B 1599 r., HpJiaH.n;qbi ero He npoyl!HJIM.
Kor.n:a B Kal!eCTBe amJIHrrcKoro KOMaH.n;yio~qero B Hop-
Man.n:rm B 1591 f. OH BCTpe~IaJIC.H C KOpOJieM c:lJpaH-
1~11111 nepe.n: HHM liiJIH l!eTbipe na)l<a B opaH)KeBOM 6ap-
xaTe C 30JIOTOIT BbiliiMBKOIT; Ha HeM I1 Ha ero JIOliia,ll;H
6biJI opan)KeBbirr 6apxaT, yKparneHHbirr .n:paroueHHbi-
MH KaMH.HMH; nepe.n; HHM HrpaJIH rneCTb Tpy6aqerr, 3a
HHM CJie,ll;OBaJIH ,ll;BeHa.n;qaTb opy)KeHOCqeB I1 rneCTb,ll;e-
C.HT nbiliiHO pa30,ll;eTbiX ,ll;BOp.HH B Kal!eCTBe 3CKOpTa.
Me)K.n:y TeM ero coJI.n;aTbi .n;e3epTHpoBaJIH, noToMy l!TO
HM He nJiaTMJIH I1 He KOpMHJIH HX, a BOeHHbie UeJIH
noxo.n:a He 6biJIH .n:ocTHrHyTbi. TaK BeJI ce6.H He TOJib-
KO 3cceKc. KoMaH.n;yiO~qHe KopoJieBbi, c Hal!aJia ee
npaBJieHH.H I1 ,ll;O KOHqa, 3a6biBaJIH 0 CBOHX 06.H3aH-
HOCT.HX I1
.n;yMaJIH 0 CBOerr C06CTBeHHOIT CJiaBe I1 BblfO-
.n;e. 0THorneHH.H EJIH3aBeTbi c ee BOeHHbiMH pyKoBo-
.ll:HTeJI.HMH noKa3biBaiOT rpaHHUbi ee BJiaCTH. KaK 6y.n:-
TO 6bi H.HHMHO BJIH.HHHe npOCTHpaJIOCb TOJibKO ,ll;O ,ll;Be-
perr ,ll;eTCKOIT KOMHaTbi: a CTOHJIO MaJibl!HKaM BblpBaTbC.H
IIapy)Ky, I<ai< OHM Hal!MHaJIH HrpaTb B CBOH C06CTBeH-
Hbie r Jiynhre Hrpbi.
Benrorr 1559 r . .n:oroBopoM B KaTO-KaM6pe3H areH-
TaM EJIH3aBeTbi y .n;aJIOCb BbipBaTbC.H 113 .n:oporocTO.H-
~qe}i BOHHbi c c:DpaHqHerr, ynacJie/:{OBaHHorr oT Ma-
prm. Ho cppaHqy3ci<a.H yrp03a ocTaBaJiacb, 11 rocno.n:-
CTByrmnerr npo6JieMOIT BO BHeliiHeH nOJIHTHI<e 6biJIO
HpliCYTCTBHe cppaHqy3CKOIT apMHH B lliOTJiaH,ll;HH -
f 11.e OIIa TIOMep)I<HBaJia I<aTOJIHl!eCKHH pe)KHM npOTHB


~
KopoAesa H apMHH
~
lll~========~JI!
rrpoTeCTaHTCKMX IIOBCTaHI~eB. JllcrraHCKMM IIOCOJI B
JlOH,ll;OHe, KOTOpbiM Ct:IMTaJI aHrJIMt:IaH CJia6biMM Tpy-
caMM, BbiCOKOMepHO ,ll;OKJia,ll;biBaJI: «:HeB03MO)KH0 ce6e
npe,n;cTaBMTb, KaK 3TH JIIO,ll;M 605ITC5I cppaHIW30B Ha
moTJiaH,n;CKOM rpaHm~e~ 1• TaliHbiM coBeT rro.n;o3peBaJI,
t:ITO eCJIM 6bi cppaHUy3aM y,n;aJIOCb rro6e,n;MTb rrpOTeC-
TaHTCKMX IIOBCTaHUeB B illOTJiaH,ll;MM, OHM 6bi 3aTeM
BTOprJIMCb B AHrJimo M rroca,n;MJIM MapHIO CTroapT Ha
aHfJIMMCKMM rrpeCTOJI: B KOHUe KOHUOB, MapH5I HOCM-
Jia aHrJIMMCKMM rep6. Tlo3TOMY ueJib BHenme:H rroJIM-
TMKM EJIM3aBeTbi 6biJia 5ICHa: Bbi,n;BopMTb cppaHUY30B
M3 llloTJiaH,n;MM. KaKMM o6pa3oM - 3TO Bbi3biBaJio
IVIHoro crropoB. BMJib5IM CecMJI, rrpH rro.n;.n;ep)I{Ke BO-
eHHbiX B CoBeTe, BbiCTyrraJI 3a BOeHHYIO MHTepBeH-
l~Mro; EJIM3aBeTa 6o5IJiacb pacxo.n;oB M Herrpe,n;cKa3ye-
MOCTM HCXO,n;a H He XOTeJia IIOMOfaTb lliOTJiaH,ll;CKMM
IIOBCTaHUaM, OHa XOTeJia ,n;06MTbC5I OTXO,n;a cppaHuy-
30B rryTeM rreperoBopoB. CecMJI .n;o6MJIC5I cBoero, rrpH-
rpo3MB OTCTaBKOM, eCJIM ero IIOJIMTMKa He 6y,n;eT rrpM-
H5ITa.
PellieHMe BTOprHyTbC5I B llloTJiaH,n;MIO 6biJIO rrpH-
H5ITO B KaHyH Po)K,n;ecTBa 1559 r., M cpopMHpoBaHMe
BOMCK Hat:IaJIOCb BCKOpe IIOCJie 3TOfO - HO I1pHKa3
rrepeHTM rpaHMUY He OT,ll;aBaJIC5I ,ll;O 29 MapTa. 3TO
6biJIM TMIIMt:IHO EJIM3aBeTMHbi .n;elicTBM5I, Hat:IaBlliMec5I
KOJie6aHM5IMM M 3a,n;ep)I{KaMM M ,ll;OBe,n;eHHbie ,ll;O 6ec-
CJiaBHOf0 KOHUa, IIOTOMY t:ITO IIOJIMTMKa He 6biJia ,ll;O-
CTaTOt:IHO 5ICHOM, a BOeHat:IaJibHMKM He IIO,ll;,ll;aBaJIHCb
KOinpoJIIo M3 JloH,n;oHa. HeBepo5ITHO ,n;oJira5I oca.n;a
(ppaHUY3CKOf0 rapHH30Ha B JlHTe 6biJia UelfTpOM KaM-
IIaiiHH, a Hey,n;aBliiHMC5I lliTYPM 7 Ma5I 1560 f. 6biJI
I'JiaBHOM KaTaCTpOcpOH . .l{aJieKO M,ll;Y~Me rrpHt:IMHbl BO-
CiniOfO I10pa)KCHM5I B illOTJiaH,ll;MM yKa3biBaJIM Ha 6y-
l~Y~He rrpo6JieMbi. .HBuoe rrpe.n;rrot:ITeHMe EJIM3aBeTbi


~ EAH3aaeTa I AHrAHHCKaR
~
lll'U.=======A>TJI!
rreperOBOpOB IIO.l(TOJIKHYJIO K CBepXIIOCIIeiiiHbiM ,neM:-
CTBli5IM ee KOMaH,nyiOIIJ;HX, KOTOpbie XOTeJIU o_nep)KaTb
CJiaBHYIO rro6e,ny ,no TOrO, KaK KOpOJieBa CKa)KeT HM,
qTo aoiina OI<Onqena. Uerrb rrepe_naqu rrpuKa30B 6biJia
ycJIO)KHena TeM, qTo repu;or HopcpoJIKCKHH 6biJI na-
3Haqen JIOp,nOM-I-IaMeCTHHKOM ceaepa, rrocpe,nHHKOM
Me)K_ny CoaeTOM B Jion,noue u Jiop,noM fpeeM, KOMan-
,nyroru;HM apMueM: B IlloTJiaH,l(IIU. .l(JI5I rroCTa HopcpoJIKa
He 6biJIO BOeHHOrO orrpaa,naHU5I, IIO-Bll.l(IIMOMY, 3TOMY
crroco6cTBOBaJI Po6epT .l(a,n;Jiu, qTo6bi y6paTb OT ,nao-
pa rrpoTuanuKa ero rrpe,nrroJiaraeMoil )KeHUTb6bi na
EJiu3aBeTe. CJie,noaaTeJibHO, na ceaepe repu;or Ha)KU-
MaJI Ha CBOIIX rro_nquneHHbiX, qT06bi OHII II06biCTpeM:
3aaepiiiaJIII KaMrranuro 11 on Mor 6bi aepHYTbCR B Jion-
,non.
B IlloTJian,nuu rrJiaH fpeR nacqeT IIIrypMa JiuTa
Tpe6oaaJI 6oJibiiie JIIO,neM:, qeM y nero 6brJio, 11 ne-
xaaTKa rrpuaeJia K rrpoaaJiy. He,neJiu rrpe6bmamur
na rpanuu;e c rrocJie,nyromeM: oca,noM: rrpuaeJiu K Bbi-
coKoMy ypOBHIO ,ne3epTI1pCTBa, HO KaiiUTaHbl CKpbi-
BaJIU rrpo6eJibl B CBOIIX poTaX, qTo6bi IIOJiyqaTb )Ka-
JIOBaHbe, IIOJIO)KeHHOe 6e)KaBIIIIIM. llpe,niiOJiaraJIOCb,
qTO y fpe5I 6biJIO 9500 rreXOTIIHIJ;eB; OH COCTaBUJI
IIJiaH aTaKU, .l(JI5I KOTOpOrO Tpe6oBaJIOCb 9000, HO ITO
aceM: aepo5ITHOCTII y nero 11 5000 ue 6biJIO. HaKoneu;,
OT COJI,l(aT IIOTpe6oBaJIU HeB03MO)KHOrO. C3pa .l()KeMCa
KpocpTa IIOCJiaJIH OCMOTpeTb rrpo6ouuy B CTeHaX
JluTa, KOTOpyro, KaK ,nyMaJIU, pa3pyiiiUJia apTHJIJie-
piiHCKaR IIO.l(rOTOBKa; OH .l(OJIO)KIIJI, qTo cppaHU:Y3bl
3a,neJiaJiu ,nbrpy u IIITYPM o6peqeu ua uey,naqy. Ho
fpeM:, KoMau,nyromuM:, ace paauo peiiiiiJI mzypMoBaTb,
Bep05ITHO, ,nyMaR, qTo ero perryTaiJ;H5I 3aBUCIIT OT
6biCTpoM: rro6e,nbi. KpocpT Jmqero ue Mor c.neJraTb:
TaK KaK OH 5IBHO YCTUJiaJI CBOe rHe3,l{biiiiKO 3a cqeT


~
KopoAesa H apMHJI
~
lll~ ===================== A>'TJil
OT'IMCJieHI-IH ,ll.JIH CBOeH '!aCTM B fiepMKe, OH He pe-
lliMJICH no)l(a.JiosaTbCH Hopcpo.JIKY MJIM Kopo.Jiese,
onacaHcb, 'ITO Ja :no fpe:H pacKpoeT ero 3JioynoT-
pe6JieHMH. TaK 'ITO lliTYPM cocTOHJICH. KaK 11 scer.n;a
na BOHI-Ie, nepe,n;OBbie OTPH.llbl pacn.JiaTMJIMCb 3a KO-
pbiCTHbie MHTepeCbl CBOMX KOMaH,n;MpOB: IIITYPM JlJITa
OKOH'IMJICH TIOJIHbiM npOBa.JIOM. <l>paHUY3bl COnpo-
TMBJIHJIMCb .llOCTaTO'IHO CJia6o, HO aHfJIM'IaHaM MHO-
fO HenpMHTHOCTeH ,llOCTaBMJIM lliOTJiaH,llCKMe npOCTH-
TYTKH, KOTOpbie, )l(e.JiaH 3ai.T.lMTMTb CBOHX ¢paHUY3C-
KMX KJIHeHTOB, lliBblpHJIM Ha OCa)l(,llaBIIIMX KaMHM,
TIOJieHbH H ropHmMe yrOJibH. 0KOJIO TIHTMCOT aHfJIMH-
CKHX COJI,llaT 6biJIO y6HTO B aTaKe, M ,n;e3epTHpCTBO
npO,llOJI)l(a.JIOCb, TaK 'ITO y fpeH OCTaJIOCb CJIHIIIKOM
Ma.n:oe so:HcKo, 'IT06bi npo,n;OJI)l(aTb IIIrypM. Kopo.Jie-
sa 6biJia B HpocTH OT ueHbi scero ~noro, H oco6enno
H3-3a Heo6XO,llHMOCTH TIOCbiJiaTb ,llOpOfOCTOHmMe TIO,ll-
KpenJieHHH. Ona ycTpOHJia CeCHJIY TH)l(eJiyro )l(H3Hb;
on coo6maJI: • Y MeHH 3,n;ecb TaKHe My'IeHHH c Kopo-
JieBCKHM BeJIH'IeCTBOM, ona MHe B'be.Jiacb B ne'!eH-
Ky~. Ho K C'IaCTbiO, cppanuyJaM TO)l(e na.noeJio .n;ep-
~KaTb apMHIO B lliOTJiaH,llliH, H Ha'IaJIMCb neperoBO-
pbi o BbiBo.n;e o6oMx BORCK. B STOM CMbiCJie C1'paTe-
rM'IeCKaH Ue.Jib BTOp)l(eHHH 6biJia ,l{OCTMrnyTa, HeCMOT-
pH Ha TaKTM'IeCKYIO OIIIM6Ky. Ho 3TO ,n;oporoe H TIO-
Ka3aTeJibHOe MeponpiiHTHe ,llOJI)l(HO 6biJIO Hay'IMTh
EJinJasery, CKOJib onacnbi soeHHbie .n;e:HcTBMH.
M see )l(e .n;syMH ro,n;aMH nOJ)l(e Kopo.Jiesa pa3pe-
IIJHJia yrOBOpHTb ce6H na TIOXO)l(HH, XOTH ropa3,ll0 6o-
JICe ry6MTe.JibllbiH TIOXO,ll - BTOp)l(eHHC BO <l>paHUHIO
a noMep)l(Ky soccTasiiJnx ryrenoTOB. Ee ys.JieK snry-
3Ha3M Po6epTa )la,n.JIH, KOTOpbiR 0 1ICHb XOTCJI ,no6HTbC5I
cepbe3BOfO llOJIHTI1'-IC'CKOrO ycnexa TIOCJIC CJIYXOB 0
TOM, ':ITO OB y6MJI CBOIO )KCHy. A fJiaBI-IOC, )la,n;Jin


eTapaJie.H BOeeTaHOBMTb eBOe ,no6poe MM.H rrpOTeCTaH-
Ta IIOeJie TOfO, KaK HeKeTaTM eTaJIO I13BeeTHO, qTo OH
rrbrTaJie.H .no6MTbe.H )KeHMTb6br na EJIM3aBeTe e Merran-
eKo:H l1 KaTOJilfqeeKOM IIOMOII{biO. l1TaK, OH 6poeMJie.H
Ha Me)K_nynapo,nnyro 3all{MTY ITpOTeeTaHTOB: OH BeJI
qaeTHbie rreperoBopbi e JIM,nepaMM cppaHI~y3eKMX ryre-
HOTOB, OH JIOebiJiaJI BO Cl>paHUMIO eBOMX eo6CTBeHHbiX
rrpe,neTaBMTeJie:H, on yroBapMBaJI EJIM3aBeTy rro.n,nep-
)KaTb BTOp)KeHMe. Bo BpeM.H .ne6aTOB Ta:Hnoro eoBeTa
B 1562 r., e,nMHeTBeHHbiM pa3 3a Bee eBOe npaBJieHMe,
EJIM3aBeTa oTeTaMBaJia BOeHHbre .ne:HeTBM.H, yrpo)Ka.H
rrpMH.HTb eaMoeTO.HTeJibHOe pernen11e, eeJIM CoBeT no•
60.HJie.H pa3,neJIMTb OTBeTeTBeHHOeTb. Ho B OeHOBHOM
KOMaH,nOBaJI napa,nOM )la,nJIM.
l1Menno Po6epT )la,nJIM B3.HJI na ee6.H MHMUMaTM-
ay B yeTaHOBJieHMM eB.H3l1 e cppaHUy3eKMMI1 rrpoTee-
TaHTaMM. Ero 6paT AM6poe, rpacp YopMK, 6nrJI na-
3naqen KOMaH,nyiOIUMM OKKyrraUMOHHOM apMMeM He-
eMOTp.H Ha TO, qTO ero BOeHHbiM OJibiT 6biJI BeebMa
orpanlfqen; cppaHUy3eKMe rrpoTeeTaHTbl BOJIHOBaJIMeb,
OHM Ha,ne.HJIMeb, qTO y YopMKa 6y,nyT OIIbiTHbie KOR-
eyJibTaHTbi. BoeHHbiM coBeT Y opMKa KMIIIeJI rrpoTee-
TaHTaMM-cpanaTMKaMM l1 eOI03HMKaMM )la,nJIM, l1 Bee
MeporrpM.HTMe 6biJIO 3a,nyMaHO l1 BbiiiOJIH.HJIOeb TeMM,
KTO xoTeJI, qTo6nr Me)K_nynapo,nna.H IIpoTeeTaHTeKa.H
JIMra JaiUMIUaJia Bepy OT rrarreTBa. Ho EJIM3aBeTa ne
IIOJIHOeTbiO JIOTep.HJia fOJIOBy Ha M,neOJIOrlfqeeKOM rroq-
Be. fiOXO)Ke, qTO ee eo6eTBeHHOM UeJibiO 6biJI B03BpaT
KaJie, a He 3aiUMTa rrpaB,nbi. B ,naHHOM eJiyqae, o,nna-
KO, He 6biJia ,noeTMrHyTa HM O,nHa UeJib, l1 BO Cl>paH-
UMM ,neJia IIIJIM IIJIOXO C OKT.H6p.H 1562 r. ,no MIOJI.H
1563. Cl>paHUy3erme rrpOTeeTaHTbi Bbi,naJIM IIO,n 3all{M-
TY YopMKa )lnerrrr 11 faBp, no EJIM3aBeTa rro6o.HJiaeb
pa3,neJIMTb eBoe BOMeKO, I1 rapHI130H B )lnerrrre 6niJI


~
KopoAeBa H apMHSI
~
lll~=============~~
eJUUIIKOM MaJI. .l(beiiii eKOpO e,UaJie5I KaTOJI11KaM, a
ai-IfJII1HeKa5I apM115l 06Hapy)KI1Jia, 'l!TO OHa sarrepTa B
faBpe.
cDpaHuyseK11e rrpoTeeTaHTbi Bee 6oJibiiie 11 6oJib-
IIIe - 11 errpaBe,UJII1BO - Ha'l!aJII1 .n:ora.UbiBaTbe5I o
HaMepeHI15IX EJI11SaBeTbi. Y HI1X He 6biJIO HI1KaKoro
)KeJiaHI15I e.n:ep)K11BaTb cppaHuyseKyiO apM11IO, rroKa
aHrJII1'l!aHe saxBaT5IT KaJie, 11JII1 eMOTpeTb, KaK aH-
r JII1'l!aHe rroMeH5IIOT faBp Ha KaJie. Bpa)K.UYIOIU11e
cppaHuyseKI1e cppaKU1111 SaKJIIO'l!I1JII1 M11p, 11 MaJieHb-
KOe aHrJII1HeKOe BOHeKO OeTaJIOeb O,UHO IIpOTl:IB cppaH-
UYSOB. KasaJioeb, EJI11SaBeTa rroTep5IJia Be5IKYIO Ha.n:-
e)K.n:y Ha yerrex: Kor.n:a Yop11K rrorrpoe11JI rro.n:KperrJie-
HI1H, 'l!T06bi BblpBaTbe5I 11S faBpa, OHa OTKaSaJia; KOf,Ua
OH rrorrpoe11JI .n:eHer, 'l!T06bi yKperri1Tb o6opoHy, oHa
11 B :3TOM OTKasaJia. B rapH11SOHe Ha'l!aJiaeb qyMa.
BeKope ypoBeHb eMepTHOeTI1 .n:oeTI1r 100 '-IeJIOBeK B
.n:eHb, a sa6oJieBaJII1 B.UBoe 6oJibiiie, 11 He xBaTaJio
JIIO.n:e:H: .UJI5I saiU11Tbi yKperrJieimi1. Yop11K BbiHY)K,UeH
6biJI e,UaTb faBp cppaHUySaM 11 yBeSTI1 OeTaTim eBOe-
fO Boi1eKa o6paTHO B AHrJIHIO - To, 'l!TO ne yHeeJia
eTpaiiiHa5I :3IIH,UeMI15l 'l!YMbi. Y Op11K yBeS BO cDpaH-
U11IO 3500 qeJIOBeK, a BepHyJIOeb e,UBa JII1 60Jibiiie
Tbie5I'l!l1. faBpeKI1il noxon o6oiiieJie5I EJI11SaBeTe B
250 000 cpyHTOB, TOf,Ua KaK 06bi'l!HbiH ,UOXO.U 6biJI
IIp11MepHO 200 000: OI-Ia BbiHY)K,UeHa 6biJia SaH11MaTb,
a ee Kpe.n:I1T na AHTBeprreiieKoM .n:enc)KHOM phniKe
pasBaJII1Jie5I. EM: rrp11IIIJIOeb o6pamaTbe5I B rrapJiaMenT
sa ey6eH.n:Hei1, .n:Ba)K,Ubi eHI1)KaJIH ypoBeHb o6Jiarae-
Moro, 'l!T06bi saxBaTI1Tb H 6e,UI-IbiX B HaJIOfOBYIO eeTb.
Bee :3TO 6biJIO OTpe3BJI5IIOIU11M ypoKoM .UJI5I EJI113aBe-
Tbi, 11 KaTaCTpocpa ~HbiOXe:i1:BeHeKOH aBaHTIOpbi~
IIpHBeJia ee K peiiii1MOeTI1 1136eraTb BOeHHbiX eTOJI-
KHOBeHI1H sa rpaH11Uei1. Kor.n:a EJI113aBeTa B eJie.n:ym-
8. 8aK. 286


~ EAHJaBeTa I AHrAHHCKaSI
~
l'l~=====A>T'"Jil
ll{I-Ili pa3 TIOCJiaJia BOHCKa Ha KOHTHHeHT, B 1 585 r.,
3TO BO MHOrHX OTHOllieHH.HX 6biJIO HHTpHryiOII{HM
TIOBTOpeHHeM 1563 r. 0Ha CHOBa TIOCJiaJia apMHIO Ha
TIOMOII{b npoTeCTaHTCKHM TIOBCTaHUaM npOTHB HX Ka-
TOJIHqeCKOrO npaBHTeJI.H
-
rOJIJiaH,l{Ubl BOCCTaJIH
npoTHB <l>HJIHnna II. CHoBa 3TO MeponpH.HTHe 6biJIO
3aiiJiaHHpOBaHO, ynaKOBaHO H npo,naHO KOpOJieBe
rpynnHpOBKOH )la,nJIH TIO,l{ BH,l{OM 3all{HTbl npOTeC-
TaHTCKOH peJIHrHH. CHOBa TIOXO,l{OM KOMaH,l{OBaJI qe-
JIOBeK H3 po,na )la,nJIH - CaM JlecTep, -
H OTI51Tb
TIOXO,l{ OKa3aJIC.H ,noporOCT05lll{HM npOBaJIOM, B KOTO-
pOM OTI.HTb 60Jibllie BCerO TIOCTpa,naJIH COJI,l{aTbl -
OHH ,npO)KaJIH OT XOJIO,l{a H rDJIO,l{aJIH. Ho B O,l{HOM
qpe3BbiqaHHO Ba)KHQM OTHOllieHHH 1585 r. OTJIHqaJI-
C.H oT 1562: KopoJieBa EJIH3aBeTa c caMoro HaqaJia
He BepHJia B 3TOT npoeKT, H ee COMHeHH51 BO MHOrOM
CTIOC06CTBOBaJIH ero HCXO,ny. 3a HCKJIJOqeHHeM He-
,no<iJHHaHCHpOBaHHbiX noxo,noB B MpJiaH,nHIO ,nJI.H no.n-
aBJieHH.H 6ecnop.H,nKOB, EJIH3aBeTa H36eraJia np51MbiX
BOeHHbiX ,neHCTBHH ,l{Ba,nuaTb ,l{Ba ro,na TIOCJie
HbiOxeM:BeHa. JlecTep H ero COI03HHKH o6pa6aTbiBa-
JIH ee C-1576 r., qT06bi OHa CaHKUHOHHpOBaJia BOeH-
HOe BMelllaTeJibCTBO B HH,nepJiaH,nax, HO OHa COnpo-
THBJI.HJiaCb H npH6erJia K p.H,ny MeHee .noporocTo51-
mHx ,neHCTBHH. B KOHUe KOHUOB OHa COrJiaCHJiaCb,
KOr,na ee K 3TOMY BbiHY.l{HJia cepH51 ,l{HIIJIOMaTHqec-
I<HX Hey,naq.
B HIOHe 1584 r. cMepTb p.H6oro repnora AJiaH-
coHcKoro, Kor.na-To e10 JII06HMoro, JIHiliHJia ee opy-
.l{H51, KOTOpoe OHa HCTIOJib30BaJia ,l{JI51 C06JIIO,l{CHH.H
HHTepecoB <l>paHUHH B 3all{HTe HH,nepJian,noB OT Mc-
namm. B HIOJie y6HHCTBO BHJibreJibMa, repuora
OpaHcKoro, ycTpaHHJIO TO, qTo Ka3aJIOCb e,nHHCTBeH-
HOH CB.H3yiOII{eH CHJIOH B pa3be,AHHeHHbiX npOBHH-


~
KopoAesa H apMHSI
~
lll~======A>T'"Jil
UIHix: aoemme rrpo,n:BlDKem:le ITapMbi ycKopHJIOCb, M
p.H,n: fOJIJiaH,l{CKMX ropo,n:OB C,l{aJIMCb MCIIaHCKOMY opy-
)KMIO. B ,n:eKa6pe 1584 r. ¢paHUY3CKa.H KaToJiwiec-
Ka.H JIMra rro.n:rrucaJia .n:oroaop c <l>MJIMIIIIOM II B
/KyanBMJie, TaK liTO EJIM3aBeTa CTOJIKHYJiaCb c B03-
MO)KHOCTbiO MCIIaHCKOfO fOCIIO,l{CTBa M BO <l>paHUMM,
1:1 B Hn.n:epJiau,n:ax, liTO CTaBMJIO AHrJIMIO rrepe.n: orrac-
HOCTbiO BTOp)KeHM.H. I103TOMY B aarycTe 1585 r. AH-
fJIM.H H feHepaJibHbie IllTaTbi 06be,n:nHeHHbiX ITpo-
BHHllHH IIO.l{IIMCaJIM .l{OfOBOp B HOH3yxe, IIO KOTOpO-
MY EJIM3aaeTa 6paJia roJIJiau.n:uea rro.n: caoiO 3all.lMTY
M o6emaJia Bbl,l{eJIMTb MM 6400 IIeXOTbl, 1000 KaBa-
JiepHH H 126 000 ¢YHTOB e)KefO.l{HO Ha HX CO,n:ep)Ka-
HMe. Ho - He,n:o6poe rrpe,n:3HaMeHoBaHHe - Kopo-
Jieaa ueMe,n:JieHHO HapyumJia .n:oroaop, rrocJiaB TaH:-
Horo 3MMccapa K repuory ITapMe, liT06bi paccKa3aTb
eMy 0 COI03e M rrpe,n:JIO)KMTb eMy IIOHTH Ha ycTyrrKy
fOJIJiaH,n:UaM.
24 ceHT.H6p.H 1585 r. EJIM3aBeTa HaKoHeu corJia-
CHJiacb Ha3HaliHTb JiecTepa renepaJI-KaiiMTaHOM ap-
MMM B Hu.n:epJiaH,n:ax. JiecTep TYT )Ke rrocJiaJI 200 rrn-
ceM CBOMM ,n:py3b.SIM M COI03HMKaM C IIpHKa30M 06 OT-
IIJibiTHM - HO 25 CeHT.H6p.H KOpOJieBa rrpHKa3aJia eMy
rrpeKpaTMTb rro.n:roTOBKY. XoT.H 3a,n:ep)KKa OKa3aJiacb
KOpOTI<OH, 6biJIM eme IIpOBOJIOliKH B KOHUe OKT.H6p.H
M3-3a COMHei-Il1H KOpOJieBbi OTHOCMTeJibHO CTOMMOCTM
H pnci<a 3CKaJiaurm. O¢nunaJibHO JiecTep 6biJI ua-
3HalieH B cepe,n:MHe HO.H6p5I M IIOJIYliMJI rrpaBO BeCTH
aoH:Hy B HH,n:epJian,n:ax rro caoeMy ycMOTpeHMIO, HO
MHCTpyKUMH, KOTOpbie OH IIOJIYliMJI B ,n:eKa6pe, co,n:ep-
)KaJIM orpaHHlieHM.H: ~Mbi Tpe6yeM OT Bac TaKoro ae-
,n:eHH.H ,n:eJI, liT06bi aoH:Ha 6biJia cKopee o6opoHMTeJib-
Hoi1, lieM HacTyrraTeJibHOH, H liT06bi BCeMM B03MO)K-
HbiMM CMJiaMM Bbl M36eraJIM OIIaCHOCTM cpa)KeHHH>.>
3•


JiecTep CliMTaJI CBOM rroxo.n: rrepBbiM rnaroM K co3,n:a-
HMIO JlMrM rrpoTeCTaHTOB ,UJI51 COKpyrneHM51 BJiaCTM
KaTOJIMKOB; EJIM3aBeTa BM,n:eJia B HeM cpe,n:cTBO yroBo-
pHTb <l>MJIMITITa C06JIIO,UaTb MeCTHbie CB060,Ubl ero 6yp-
ryH,UCKMX ITO,U,UaHHbiX.
EJIM3aBeTe He HpaBMJiacb 3Kcrre.n:MUM51 JiecTepa,
11 oHa He BepMJia B ee ycrrex. 0Ha OTKJia,n:biBaJia OTb-
e3,n: CBoero renepaJia .n:o ,n:eKa6p51 1585 r., XOT51 rrep-
Bbie OTp51,Ubi rreperrpaBMJIMCb B HM,n:epJiaH,n:bi B aB-
rycTe, 0Ka3aJIOCb, liTO OHa He XOlieT BbiKJia,UbiBaTb
,n:eHbfM Ha ITO,UfOTOBKY K orrepaUMM, M JiecTepy rrpM-
IIIJIOCb rrpocMTb 3aeM y CMTM B 25 000 cpyHTOB rro.n:
3aJIOf CBOMX C06CTBeHHbiX ITOMeCTMM. 0Ha OTKpbiTO
3a51BMJia rrpM ,UBOpe, liTO eM He HpaBMTC51 3TOT ITO-
XO,U, o6ecrrOKOMB TaKMM o6pa30M CBOMX fOJIJiaH,n:C-
KMX coi03HMKOB 11 o6Ha,n:e:>KMB ITapMy, McrraHcKoro
KOMaH,n:yiO:w:ero. EJIM3aBeTa rrpo,n:oJI:>KaJia BeCTM rre-
peroBopbi c ITapMo:i1:, M3-3a liero JiecTep HepBHMliaJI,
ITOJiara51, liTO ero MCI10Jib3YIOT B KaKMX-TO ueJI51X M
ocTaB51T B ,n:ypaKax. OH o6ecrroi<oeHo rrMcaJI 113 HM-
.n:epJiaii.UOB, rrpOC51 rro,n:KperrJieHMM M CBe,n:eHMM 0 Ha-
MepeHM51X KopoJieBbi, 11 ero areHTbi rrpM ,n:Bope rro.n:-
TBep)K,n:aJIM ero orraceHM51. ToMac BaBacyp ,n:oKJia,n:bi-
BaJI B MapTe 1586 r.:
~51 rronMMaiO co CJIOB Ee BeJIMlieCTBa, liTO OT
neorrpe,n:eJieHnoro MMpa OTKa3a He 6y,n:eT, 11 ,UJI51
3Toro Bbi MCHOJib3yeTeCb Bcero JIMIIIb KaK opy-
,n:Me; 1160, pa3roBapMBa51 c Ee BeJIMlieCTBOM o He-
o6xo,n:MMOCTM BbiBeCTM COJI,UaT B ITOJie, 5I I10H51JI,
liTO OHa COBeprneHHO 3aTKHyJia YIIIM, OC06eHHO
OTHOCMTeJibHO paCXO,UOB. ~A liTO, -
fOBOpMT OHa,
eCJIM TeM BpeMeHeM HaCTYITMT MMp? ~ 4


~
KopoAeBa H apMHH
~
l:'l'U..=============~JI:{
rr pe.n;npH.HTHe JlecTepa B HH.n;epJiaH.n;ax nO"liTH
noJIHOCTbiO noBTOpHJIO KaMnaHHIO 1560 r. KopoJieBa
paCCMaTpMBaJia CBOIO apMMIO KaK npOTMBOBeC B TOp-
rOBJie, aHa xoTeJra, l.JT06bi ee BOeHal.JaJibHMK coxpa-
HMJI BOHCKa H TpaTMJI KaK MO)I(HO MeHbiiie; BOeHa-
l.JaJibHMK )l(e Cl.JMTaJI, "liTO 6e3.n;eifCTBYIOI.U:M apMM.H I-IH -
l.Jero He .ZJ:OCTMrHeT, H nbiTaJIC.H BOeBaTb, HO .ZJ:JI.H ::nora
y Hero 6biJIO CJIMIIIKOM MaJIO JIIO.ZJ:eif H He XBaTaJIO
.n;eHer. ,lleJIO YCJIO)I(H.HJIOCb eme O.ZJ:HMM 06CTO.HTeJibCT-
BOM. fpacp 3HaJI, "liTO, nOKa OH OTCYTCTByeT, y Hero
npM .n;Bope cJia6M no3MUM.H, M no.n;o3peBaJI, "liTO Eep-
JIM, Ko6eM M KpocpT MHTpMroBaJIM npoTMB Hero. He-
Y.ZJ:MBMTeJibHO, "liTO OH XOTeJI nO.ZJ:H.HTb CBOH n03HUHH B
HM.n;epJiaH.n;ax M norJiy6)1(e BT.HHYTb EJIM3aBeTy B roJI-
JiaH.n;CKMe .n;eJia. Kor.n;a feHepaJibHbie lllTaTbi npe.n;Jio-
)I(MJIM eMy .ZJ:OJI)I(HOCTb reHepaJI-ry6epHaTOpa, OH ee
npMH.HJI, HeCMOTp.H Ha HaCTO.HHH.H KOpOJieBbl, "liTO OH
He .ZJ:OJI)I(eH .n;eJiaTb HM"llero, "liTO MO)I(eT 6biTb HCTOJIKO-
BaHO KaK YTBep)I(.ZJ:eHMe ee BJiaCTM H OTBeTCTBeHIIOCTH.
foJIJiaH.ZJ:Ubi xoTeJIM 6e3B03BpaTHO npMB.H3aTb AnrJIHIO
K CBOeH 6opb6e, H JlecTep .n;yMaJI, "liTO OH He MO)I(eT
HaHeCTM nopa)l(eHMe TiapMe, ecJIM He 6y.n;eT o6oe.n;M-
HeHHoro KOMaH.n;oBaHM.H. OH npMH.HJI ::ny .ZJ:OJI)I(HOCTb,
XOT.H M 3HaJI, "liTO EJIM3aBeTa npM.n;eT B .HpOCTb, M no3-
BOJIMJI, l.JT06bi era TMTYJI o6o.HBMJIM no BceM HM.n;ep-
JiaH.n;aM.
Ho .HpocTb KopoJieBbi npeB30IIIJia era mKM.n;anM.H:
aHa no.n;yMaJia, "liTO roJIJiaH.ZJ:Ubi o.n;ypa"l!MJIM JlecTcpa,
a OH .n;ypa"l!MT ee. EJIM3aBeTa eMy HanMcaJia: ~Haiiie
.HpKO Bbipa)l(eHI-IOe )l(eJiai-me H npMKa3 TaKOB, l.JT06bi,
6pocMB Bee 3a.n;ep)I(KM M onpaB.n;aHM.H, Bbi HeMe.n;Jieu-
HO, KaK noBeJieBaeT .n;oJir Baiiieil: BepnocTM, no,n:l.JM-
HMJIMCb M BbiiiOJIHMJIM Bee, "liTO BaM cKa)l(eT no.n;aTeJib
cera OT Haiiiero MMeHM: M ue B3.ZJ:yMail:Te ocJiyiiiaTb-


CJI, TaK KaK 3a HCBbiiiOJIHCHHe BaM rrpHJJ:CTCJI OTBe-
THTb ITO CaMOll CTpaiiiHOll CTpOrOCTH!~ flo.n:aTCJib, C3p
ToMac XeHe.n:IK, cKa3aJI JlecTepy, 'ITO on .n:oJI)I(CH
rry6JIWIHO OTpe"l!bCJI OT ,Z:{OJI)I(HOCTll reHepaJI-ry6ep-
HaTOpa. 3To 6biJIO YHH3HTCJII>HO. Kor.n:a XeHC.ll:)l< .n:o-
JIO)I(HJI KOpOJICBC, 'ITO 6biJIO 6bi nepa3yMHblM IIO,Z:{O-
pBaTb aBTOpllTCT JlCCTCpa ll o6H,Z:{eTb T'OJIJiaH,Z:{UCB Ta-
KllM 3aRBJICllllCM, OHa OTBCTHJia: ~,lleJiallTC, KaK BaM
rrpm<a3biBaiOT, a CBOll pacCy)I(,Z:{CHllJI OCTaBbTC ,Z:{JIJI
CBOHX C06CTBCHI-IblX ,Z:{CJI! ~. l.Jepe3 MCCJIU EJIH3aBeTa
see em:e ne ycrroKOHJiacb; 6paT JiecTepa IIHCaJI eMy:
~l{paHHllll rHCB Harne:i:f rOCIIO)I(ll CKOpee YBCJill'IHBa-
CTCJI, "l!CM yTHxaeT, II rrpHBO.ll:HT K HCTOp)I(CHHIO CTparn-
HbiX yrp03 B TBOH a.n:pec. ll03TOMY IIpllMll TC MCpbi
rrpC.ll:OCTOpO)I(HOCTll OTHOCllTCJibHO CC6JI, KaKHe TOJib-
KO MO)I(elllb, ll He Bepb ee CJIOBaM, IIOTOMY 'ITO 3JI06a
ee BCJIHKa ll HCYTOJIHMa, TaK .ll:yMaiOT 3,Z:{eCb CaMbie
MY.n:pi>IC~
5
•
B KOHUC KOHUOB, rrocJie 3Ha"l!HTCJibHOro .n:asJie-
HHJI Ha I<OpOJICBY CO CTOpOHbl "l!JICHOB TaHHOrO COBe-
Ta, ,Z:{eJIO IIOTllXOHC"l!KY 3aMJIJIOCb. JlecTep He ,Z:{OJI)I(eH
6biJI rry6JIH"l!HO OTpeKaTbCJI OT 3BaHHJI, HO OH ll BCC
OCTaJibHbie f(OJI)I(Hbl 6biJill 3a6biTb, 'ITO OH ero KOr-
.n:a·-JIH60 IIOJIY'IaJI. fibiJI ,Z:{OCTllrHyT KOMIIp.OMllCC, HO
TOJibKO CIIYCTJI MeC.HUbi IIOCJie MY"l!HTeJibHOrO IIOJIH-
Tll':leCKOrO KOHcfJJIHKTa, KOTOpblll IIOMelllaJI CMY rrpH-
IIeCTll B HH.n:epJiaH.n:ax XOTb KaKyiO-I-m6y.n:b IIOJib3Y,
JleCTepy yf(aJIHCb MCJII<I1C BOeHHbie ycrreXH B XO,Z:{e
JICTI-Iell KaMrraHllll 1586 r.; HO CMY MelllaJIO TO, 'ITO
OH He yMeJI BOeBaTb, "'ITO y Hero 6biJill IIJIOXHC OTI-10-
llleHHR C 60JICe OIIbiTHbiMll 3aMCCTllTCJIJ!Mll ll He,Z:{O-
Bep"l!llBblMI1 T'OJJJiaH,Z:{UaMH; 'ITO CllCTCMa I1pll3biBa ll
cna6,Kemui B AnrJIHH 6brJia rrJioxa, a EJIH3aBeTa He
xoTeJia TpaniTb JIIOJJ:eii II .n:eHbrH. KopoJiese 6I>rJia


~
KopoAeua H apMJHI
~
l'l~==============~Jil
HY:>KHa BORHa rro.n:emeBJie, H OHa He :>KeJiaJia rrpH3Ha-
BaTb, qTo TaKoii He 6biBaeT. Y JlecTepa ncer.n:a He
xnaTaJio mo.n:eii. PoTbi ncer.n:a 6biJIH MaJioqHcJieHHbi
H3-3a He.n:ocTaToqHoro Ha6opa, CMepTHOCTH H .n:eJep-
THpCTBa, If KaiiHTaHbi 6biJilf 3aHHTepeCOBaHbi B TOM,
qT06bi BCe TaK M OCTaBaJIOCb - OHM Tpe6oBaJIM IIJia-
TY 3a BCeX COJIAaT B CIIHCKe M rrpMCBaMBaJIJ:I TO, qTO
rroJiaraJIOCb MepTneuaM M .n:eJepTMpaM. K TOMY npe-
MeHM, Kor.n:a caM JlecTep .n:o6paJic.H
.n:o HM.n:epJiaH-
.n:on, apMM.H ero BtJ:BOe COKpaTMJiaCb IIpOTHB 6yMa:>K-
HOH: rroHa.n:o6MJIOCb TPH Mec.Hua :>KaJio6, rroKa Kopo-
JieBa rrpHcJiaJia 2000 rro.n:KperrJieHM.H, HO .n:eHer Ha
HHX He BbiAeJIMJia.
JlecTepy BbiAaBaJIH .n:eHbrM, He.n:ocTaToqHbie AJI.H
OIIJiaTbi, CHa6:>KeHM.H M o6opy.n:oBaHM.H, II03TOMY .n:e-
3epTHpCTBO IIpOAOJI:>KaJIOCb M peiiiHTeJibHbie BOeHHbie
.n:eiicTBH.H 6biJIH HeB03MO:>KHbi. B cnoeii pemMMOCTM
rroTpaTHTb He 6oJibme, qeM 6biJIO conepmemm Heo6-
XOAMMO, EJIH3aBeTa rrocbiJiaJia He.n:oCTaToqHo, M rro-
CbiJiaJia HeperyJI.HpHo - XOT.H rrpan.n:a M TO, qTo qm-
HaHcOBbiH KOHTpOJib ee BOeHaqaJibHHKa HMI<y.n:a He
rOAHJIC.H, a OTY:eTbi ero 6biJIM IIpOCTO CMeiiii-IbiMM. J1TaK,
COJIAaTaM He IIJiaTMJIM, OHM BbiHY:>KAeHbi 6biJIM KOp-
MHTbC.H 3a c~IeT CBOHX rOJIJiaHACKHX ~COI03HHKOB~,
qTo rrJioxo cKa3biBaJIOCb ua OTHomeHH.HX. B rapHMJO-
ne .l{eneriTepa AeJia IIOIIIJIH HaCTOJibKO IIJIOXO, qTO C3p
BHJih.HM CTeiiJIH M Po11an.n: :ti:opK c.n:am1 ropo.n: IlapMe
If yaeJIH CBOH HpJiai-IACI<He BOHCKa cpa)KaTbC.H na CTO-
pOHC lfCITai-IUeB - qTO eme 60Jibllle OCJia6HJIO II03H-
Ulflf JleCTepa B feHepaJibHbiX IllTaTax. Kor.n:a ou He
cMor y.n:ep:>KnBaTb oca.n:y CJieiica n ropo.n: c.n:aJic.H, EJm-
3aBeTa pcmnJia ncKaTb corJiamenn.H c IlapMoii, M 3TO
oi<oHqaTeJibi-IO .n:o6nJio perryTaumo JlecTepa B Hn.n:ep-
JiaH.n:ax. On OTKa3aJIC.H OT KOMaH.n:onann.H B
.n:ei<a6pe


1587 r. H BepHyJIC$! B AHrJIHIO yHH:>KeHHbiH, ecJIH He
OI1030peHHbiH.
AHrJIHHCKoe BOHCKO ocTaBaJIOCb B HH.n;epJiau.n:ax
,l(O KOHU:a rrpaBJieHH$!: B 1603 f. IlO,l(CqHTaJIH, qTQ 3TO
o60IIIJIOCb B 1419596 <l_lyHTOB, BepO$ITHO, IIIeCTb JieT
o6biqHbiX rrocTyrrJieimH: B Ka3HY, H TPY.li:HO cKa3aTb,
6biJIO JIM .n:ocTHrHyTo qTO-HH6y.n;h cyru:ecTBeHHoe. Mo-
:>KeT, e,l(HHCTBeHHbiM peaJibHbiM ,l(OCTH:>KeHHeM 6biJIO
oTpHU:aTeJibHoe: apMH$! B HH.n;epJiaH.n;ax crrycTHJia AH-
rJIHH Ha roJioBy HcrraHcKyiO ApMa.n;y. I16o qTQ 6bi HH
H3MbllliJI$IJia aHrJIHHCKa$! HaUHOHaJIHCTifqeCKa$! HCTO-
pHorpa<I_)H$!, ApMa.n;a rroCbiJiaJiaCb He saTeM, qTo6bi
rroKopHTb MaJieHbKYIO xpa6py10 AHrJIHIO; oHa 6biJia
IlOCJiaHa, qT06bi BbiTeCHHTb MaJieHbKYIO Ha30HJIHBYIO
AHrJIHIO H3 HH.n;epJiaH.n;oB. I1HCTPYKUHH cPHJIHrrrra II
CBOHM BOeHaqaJibHHKaM 6biJIH CJie,l(yiOIUHMH: KaK
TOJibKO OHH pasrpOM$IT o6opoHHTeJibHYIO apMHIO EJIH-
saBeTbi, OHH ,l{OJI:>KHbl IlOTpe6oBaTb TepllHMOCTH ,l{JI$!
aHrJIHHCKHX KaTOJIHKOB (rrarrCKHH saeM fOBOpHT 0
TOM, qTQ OH ,l(OJI:>KeH 6biJI 06 3TOM IlOilpOCHTb) If yxo.n;a
AHrJIHH H3 HH.n;epJiaH.n;OB. IIoxo:>Ke, cPHJIHrrrr 6biJI
ropas.n:o 6oJibiiie rropa:>KeH aHrJIHHCKHM BKJia.n;oM B
samHTY Coe.n;HHeHHbiX IIpoBHHUHH, qeM 6oJibiiiHH-
CTBO HCTOpHKOB. Ho CTOHMOCTb 6opb6bi C ApMa,l(OH,
KaK IlOJiaraiOT, 161 000 <l_lyHTOB, ,l(OJI:>KHa 6biTb ,l(0-
6aBJieHa K CTOHMOCTH HH.n;epJiaH,l(CKOH KaMrraHHH,
XOT$! If KOCBeHHO, H B UeJIOM IlOJiyqaeTC$! 1 580 781
<PYHT. MHJibiH .n:pyr Po6epT ,lla.n;JIH, rpa<f.l JiecTep,
o6oiiieJIC$! KpaH:He .n;oporo. IIopa:>KeHHe HcrraHcKoH:
ApMa.n;hi B 1588 r. HHqero He peiiiHJIO. B HH.n;epJiaH-
.n:ax Bee eme HaXO,l(HJiaCb ycrreiiiHO ,l(eHCTBYIOillM
HcrrancKa$! apMH$!, HcrraHU:bi rro-rrpe:>KHeMy rro.n:.n:ep-
:>KHBaJIH <l_lpaHUY3CKHX KaTOJIHKOB IlpOTHB ryreHOTOB,
If OCTaBaJIC$! pHCK HCilaHCKOfO BTOp:>KeHH$!: B 1596 If


~
KopoAeBa H apMH.si
~
lll~======A>'rJII
B 1599 rr. TO)I(e 6biJIH apMa.Ubi. B 1591 r. cap Po.n:-
)Kep BMJIMIMC, OIIbiTHblll apMeHCKMll KOMaH,n:Mp II
caM03BaHHbiH CTpaTer, roBopMJI Ha TaiiHoM coBeTe 1
'-ITO 6biJIO TPM crroco6a 3acTaBMTb McrraHMIO CMMpHTb-
C.SI: rro6e,n:MTb ncrraHcKyiO apMMIO B Hn.n:epJiaH,n:ax;
orrepa~MM M Ha Mope, M Ha cyme, '-IT06bi .n:oca)I(,n:aTb
rro6epe)I(biO McrraHMM M llopTyraJIMM; BOeHHO-Mopc~
KMe BbiJia3KM B ATJiaHTM'-IeCKMll OKeaH, '-IT06bi rrepe-
KpbiTb IIOTOK MCIIaHCKOrO cepe6pa M3 MeKCMI<M H
llepy. Bp.s~.n: JIM :3TOT aHaJIM3 CMJibHO o6Ha,n:e)I(MBaJI:
Ha3eMHbie orrepa~MM 6biJIM 6hi '-Ipe3Bbi'-IaiiHo .n:oporn-
MM; cMernaHHbie 6biJIO 6hi Tpy,n:Ho Koop,n:MHMpoBaTb;
a BOeHHO-MOpCKOll BapMaHT 6biJI "Y.epec"Y.yp Heorrpe-
,n:eJieHHbiM - ¢JIOT C Cepe6pOM MOr ce6e TMXO IIOJI·
3TH CKB03b ATJiaHTM"Y.eCKMe rnTopMbi, a aHrJIMHCKMii
¢JioT HeB03MO)I(HO 6biJIO 6e3 KOH~a .n:ep)I(aTb B Mope,
'-IT06bi co3,n:aTb a¢¢eKTMBHYIO 6JioKa,n:y. Ka)I(,UbiH M3
:3TMX BapMaHTOB MMeJI B CoBeTe II IIpM ,UBOpe CBOMX
CTOpOHHMKOB, a ,n:e6aTbi CIIOC06CTBOBaJIM ¢paK~MOH·
HbiM KOH¢JIMKTaM 1590-X rr.
Cy~eCTBOBaJia rrapTM.SI, pyKoBO.UMMa.SI rpa¢oM
3cceKCOM, Jiop,n:oM YMJIJI06M M capoM Po6epTOM Cn.n:-
HM, rro.n:.n:ep)I(MBaro~a.SI CTapyiO rrporpaMMY JiecTepa
0 BbiCa,n:Ke Ha KOHTMHeHT II peiliiiTeJibHbiX BOeHHbiX
,l(eHCTBM.SIX B 3a~IITY rOJIJiaH,UCKMX II ¢paH~Y3CKMX
rrpoTecTaHTOB. Boenno-MopcKoe Jio66n BO rJiaBe c
Jiop,n:oM-a,n:MMpaJIOM foBap,n:oM 11 capoM YoJiepoM
PaJIM rrpn rro.n:.n:ep)I(Ke CecMJIOB 3a~n~aJio BOHHY na
Mope, ,n:oKa3biBa.SI, '-ITO OHa .n:erneBJie, 6e3orracHee H
MMeeT 6oJiblliMe rnaHCbi na ycrrex. EJIM3aBeTy rrpn~
BJieK 6oJiee .n:erneBbiH BapnaHT, oco6eHHO Y'-IMTbiBa.SI,
'-ITO Tpo¢e11 M3 MCIIai-ICKMX IIOpTOB II KOpa6Jiell MOr-
JIM IIpMBJie"Y.b "Y.aCTHbie BJIO)I(eHM.SI B 3KCIIe,UM~MM. J1o·
JIMTI'PieCKH rpyrrrra 3cceKca 6biJia cJia6ee, a TO, '-ITO


CecHJI tJ:ep:>KaJI :>KeJie3HOH xBaTI<OH pa3tJ:aliy MHJioc-
Teif, MelliaJIO rpa¢y rrpoTaJIKHBaTb CBOHX COI03HH-
KOB. I1TaK, KOpOJieBa 06biliHO IlO.ll:.ll:ep:>KHBaJia MOpC-
KOe JI066H, XOT.R BpeMeHaMH ee BbiHY:>KtJ:aJIH K cyxo-
rryTHbiM KaMrraHH.RM BO ClJpaHU:HH, f.ll:e OHa He XOTe-
Jia TOp)KeCTBa I1crraHHH. Ho cymecTBOBaime correp-
HHliaiDJ.UHX CTpaTerHH II pe3KHH paCKOJI Jl:BOpa 03Ha-
qaJIH, liTO H cyxorryTHOe, II MOpCKOe IlJiaHHpOBaHHe
liaCTO 6biJIO HellOH.RTHbiM H OillH60liHbiM, H IlOJIHTH-
lieCKa.R JIHHH.R petJ:KO tJ:OXOJJ:HJia .ll:O pernaiDmero Ja-
KJIIOlieHH.R. I1 caMoe r JiaBHOe, EJIH3aBeTa cHoBa H
CHOBa y6e)I(Jl:aJiaCb, liTO, KaK TOJibKO apMH.R IIJIH ¢JIOT
ITOKHJJ:aJIH 6epera AHrJIHH, OHa He MOfJia KOHTpOJIH-
poBaTb KOMaH.ll:YIDIUHX.
HeB03MO:>KHOCTb KOHTpoJI.R Ha Mope 6hiJia rrpotJ:e-
MOHCTpiipoBaHa B 1589, 1596 H 1597 rr., KOftJ:a KOpO-
JieBa IlOCJiaJia MOpCKHe 8KCiletJ:HU:HH C lieTKHMH HH-
CTPYKU:H.RMH ocJia6IITb I1crraHHID. JlHrnb TOJibKO KO-
pa6JIH BbiXO.ll:HJIH H3 Jla-MaHrna, KOMaHJJ:YlOJ.UHe IlOC-
ryrraJIH TaK, KaK xoTeJIH, II CIIJibi EJIII3aBeTbi TpaTH-
7IIICb Ha 3aiUHTY JIHliHbiX HHTepecoB H aM6IIU:HH. B
cpeBpaJie 1589 r. EJIH3aBeTa oTrrpaBIIJia HetJ:BYCMbiC-
!leHHbie rrpHI<a3bi capy cDpaHCHcy ,llpeifKy II capy
,ll){<OHY HoppHcy: OHII tJ:OJI:>KHbi 6hiJIII yHHliTO:>KIITb
KOpa6JIII, KOTOpbie OCTaJIHCb OT ApMatJ:bl B IICilaHC-
KIIX rropTax niicKaifcKoro JaJIHBa, liT06bi rrpe.n;oTBpa-
TIITb erue OJJ:HO HallatJ:eHIIe, If KaK TOJibKO 3TO 6ytJ:eT
BblllOJIHeHO (II TOJibKO TOftJ:a) OHH .ll:OJI)KHbl 6biJIII 3a-
XBaTIITb A3opcKIIe ocTpoBa KaK 6a3y JJ:JI.R tJ:aJibHeif-
umx tJ:eHCTBHH rrpOTIIB KOpa6Jieif C cepe6pOM. fiepBO-
HaliaJibHbi}i rrJiaH, B ceHT.R6pe 1588 r., rrpetJ:ycMaTpH-
saJI H HanatJ:eHHe Ha JlHcca6oH, no OT 3Toro OTKa3a-
JIHCb, KOrtJ:a rroH.RJIII, liTO yu:eJieBrniie Kopa6JIII ApMa-
l{bi rrorrJihiJIH B CanTaHJJ:ep H Can-Ce6acTh.RH, a ne B


~
KopoAesa H apMH.SI
~
lll~======A)TJil
Jhtcca6oH II B CenHJibiO. O,n:Har<o Bee MeponpmiTHe
TIJiaHHpOBaJIOCb KaK KOMMep'!eCKOe npe,n:nplUITHe: KO-
poJieBa ,n:aBaJia 20 000 cpyHTOB, KOMaH,n:yiOll.llfe II HX
CTOpOHHHKH no 40 000 - II BJIO:>KHBllme ,n:eHbfH Q)KH-
,n:aJIH npH6biJIH. Ho OKOH'!aTeJibHbre npHKa3bi Emi3a-
BCTbi OCTaBJI5IJIH CJIHillKOM MaJibiM 3a30p .LlJI5I .LlOObi'IH,
II OT nOTOnJieHH5I HCnaHCKHX KOpa6JieH ,n:eHer O:>KH-
,n:aTb He CTOHJIO.
IlOXO:>Ke, 'ITO KOMaHJl:YIOIUHe 3apaHee peillHJIH, 'ITO
OHM H,n:yT Ha JlHCCa6oH, 'ITO 6bi TaM KOpOJieBa HH
fOBOpHJia. l!aCTH'IHO 3TO 6biJIO H3-3a yqacTH5I rpacpa
3ccer<ca II ~cyxonyTHoro Jio66H~ B 3TOM MeponpH5I-
THJI: XOT5I OcpHI.~HaJibHO OH HH'IeM He KOMaH,n:OBaJI,
3cceKC MHOfO BJIO:>KHJI B 3TOT npoeKT, yqaCTBOBaJIH
MHOrHe ero COI03HHKH, II OH nocneillHJI npHCOe,n:HHHTb-
C5I K 3KCne,n:HUHH, HeCMOTp5I Ha 3anpeT KOpOJieBbi -
on nonJibiJI np5IMO B 1IHcca6mr. OcrmBHOM cpJIOT, no.n:
KOMaH,n:o:H HoppHca II ,llpe:Hr<a, nonJibiJI B KopyHbro,
r,n:e OHM HaillJIH TOJibKO O.LlHH KOpa6Jib H3 ApMa,n:br;
BMeCTO TOfO, 'IT06bi nJibiTb ,n:aJibille, OHM BbiCa,n:HJIH
no:Hcr<a II Ha'!aJIH rpa6e:>K. CoJI,n:aTbi norJIOTJIJIH or-
poMnoe KOJIH'ICCTBO HCnaHCKOfO BHHa, HanHJIHCb Mep-
TBeUKH, II HeCKOJibKO ,n:Heif OT HHX He 6biJIO TOJIKy.
ApMH5I IIOTpaTHJia B KopyHbe ,n:Be HCJJ;eJIH, BOCCTa-
HaBJIHBa5ICb nOCJie KOJIJieKTHBHOfO nOXMeJib51, a 3a-
TeM cpJIOT nonJibiJI ,n:aJibille Ha JlHcca6oH - OCTaBHB
r<opa6m1 ApMa,n:hr B 6e3onacr-rocTJI B EHcKaiicrmx nap-
Tax. B 1IHcca6oHe Ha caMOM ,n:eJie MaJio 'ITO 6hrJio
.LlOCTHrHyTO: y KOMaJ-l.LlllpOB He 6biJIO oca,n:HOfO opy-
:>Kll5I (He npe,n:noJiaraJIOCb, 'ITO OHH no:H,n:yT na ropo,Ll!),
li nOCJie HCCKOJibKHX nporyJIOK Ty,n:a-CIO,Lla BOKpyr BO-
pOT apMHH npHillJIOCb y,n:aJIHTbCH.
CJIJibi K 3TOMY npeMeHJI 3Ha'-IHTCJibHO ocJia6eJIIr:
I<Opa6JIH Tpe6oBaJIH pCMOHTa, a OOJIC3HH H ,n:e3ep-


T11pCTBO B J1crraHI111 11 IJopryraJII111 OCTaBI1JII1 MaJIO
rrp11ro,n;HbiX K .n;eikTBHIO Marpocon 11 coJI,n;ar. B ro
BpeM.R KaK Hopp11C IIOBeJI OCHOBHOM q)JIOT o6panro B
AHrJIHIO, ,llpeii:K 11 MeHbiiia.R rpyrrrra orrrpaBHJIHCb na
A30pCK11e OCTpOBa, HeCMOTp.R Ha IIp11Ka3 KOpOJieBbi,
tfTO OHI1 He ,l.J;OJI:>KHbl ,n;eJiaTb ~noro ,l.J;O TOro, KaK YHHti-
TO)KaT BOeHHbie KOpa6JII1 B 11CIIaHCK11X rroprax. Ho
q)JIOT L{peii:Ka IIOIIaJI B CllJibHbiM IIITOpM; MHOflle KO-
pa6JII1 6biJI11 IIOBpe)K,l.l;eHbi, 11 OHI1 TO)Ke BbiHy)K,n;eHbl
6biJII1 orrrpaBHTbC.R ,n;oMoii:. Cl>JioT nepHyJIC.R B AHr-
JIHIO, IIOTpaTHB, BepO.RTHO, 100 000 cpyHTOB 11 IIOTe-
p.RB 11 000 qeJioBeK 113 19 000 - 11 nee 3p.R. EJIH3a-
Bera B .RpOCTI1 IIHCaJia Hopp11cy 11 L{peii:Ky, HaiiOMI1-
Ha.R 11M, tiTO
~rrepe,n; BaiimM 0Tbe3,l.I;OM OTCIO,l.J;a Bbl B pa3-
HOe npeM.R 11 3a,n;oJiro Harrepe.n; o6e~aJII1 HaM, KJI.RT-
BeHHO ynep.R.R nac 11 Koe-Koro 113 Harnero Conera,
tiTO DaiiiHM IICpBbiM 11 r JiaBHbiM ,n;ei:fcTBHeM 6y,n;eT
3aXBaTI1Tb 11 o6e3Bpe,n;I1Tb BOeiUibiM cpJIOT 11 KO-
pa6JII1 KopoJI.R 11crraHI111 B rex rroprax, r.n;e OHH
naxo,n;HJIHCb; 11 ecJIH Bbi ~noro ne c,n;eJiaere, yne-
p.RJIH Bbi, Bbi corJiaCHbi 6y.n;ere CtiHTaTbC.R rrpe-
JJ;aTeJI.RMI1 :9 6 •
Ho KaKOBbi 6bi HH 6biJII1 rrpHKa3bi HJIH KJI.RTBbi,
3TO BCe He 11MeJIO 3HatieHI1.R, KaK TOJibKO KOpa6JII1 IIO-
KH,l.l;ami I1JII1MYT.
~aJIO tieM OT 3TOfO OTJilltiaJiaCb 8KCIIe,l.I;11U11.R B
KaJJ;nc B 1596 r. Orr.RTb no 6biJIO qacrHoe rrpe.n;rrpH-
qrHe, BO MHOfOM cp11HaHC11pyeMOe 06be,l.I;I1HeHHbiM11
KOMaH,n;yio~HMH, 3cceKCOM 11 fonap.n;oM, 11 ncer.n;a 6biJI
p11cK, qro rrpe)K,n;e ncero oHn 3axoT.RT nepHyTb BJIO-
)Keimoe, a crparemqecr<He coo6pa)KeHH.R oroii:.n;yr Ha
eropoii: rrJiaH. 13oJiee roro, rrpe.n;rrpH.SITHe 6biJIO ncrrop-


~
KopoAesa H apMH.si
~
l'l~=======~Jil
qeHO Bpa)l(.LJ:OH H COnepHHl.JeCTBOM Me)l(.LJ:Y pyKOBO.LJ:H-
TeJHIMH. EoJiblllOH ¢JioT OTnpaBHJIC.H B Ka.n:11c, YHH'-1-
TO)l(HJI p.H.D: HCnaHCKHX BOeHHbiX KOpa6Jie:i1: 11 TOpro-
BbiX CY.D:OB, H BOHCKa no.n: KOMaH.D:OBaHHeM 3cceKCa
BbiCa.D:HJIHCb M saxBaTMJIM ropo.n:. Ho KOMai-I.D:Mpbi HH-
KaK He MOrJIM .D:OfOBOpMTbC.H, 'ITO .D:eJiaTb .D:aJibllle;
3cceKC H ero COI03HHKM, CTOpOHHMKM Ha3eMHOH BOH-
Hbl npoTMB 11cnaHMH, xoTeJIM ycTpOHTb B Ka.n:11ce noc-
TO$IHHYIO 6asy, HO CTOpOHHHKll MOpCKOH BOHHbl, OKa-
3aBlllHCb B 60JiblllliHCTBe, XOTCJIH .n:o6paTbC.H
.D:OMOH
CO CBOeH .D:06bil.JeH. Ka.D:HC 6biJI CO)l()KeH, H cpJIOT OT-
nJibiJI .n:oMoii. OcnoBno:H HcnancKHH cpJioT Ha Taxo
He nO.D:BeprC.H Hana.n:eHHIO H He .D:eJiaJIOCb nonbiTOK
nepexBaTMTb ToproBbiH cpJIOT 113 AMepHKM. Harpa6-
JieHnoe B Ka.n:Mce, o6emaHuoe KopoJieBe, 3cceKc 11
foBap.n: OT.D:aJIH CBOHM JIIO.D:.HM, TaK 'ITO CTpaTerM'!eC-
KliH npoBaJI .D:JI.H KOpOHbl o6epuyJIC.H H cpHHaHCOBbi-
MH noTep.HMll.
B noxo.n:e ua Ka.n:Mc no Kpa:Hue:H Mepe 3cceKc
npO.HBHJI CTpaTerH'!eCKMH HHTepec, 3aXO.D:HBlllHH .D:aJib-
llle o6biKHOBeHnoro rpa6e)l(a: OH npe.n:JiaraJI c.n:eJiaTb
Ka.n:11c 6aso:i1: c rapHM30HOM, OTKy.n:a MO)l(HO 6biJIO
6bi cnpaBJI.HTbC.H c McnaHCKMMH nepeB03KaMM. Ho B
1597 r., BO BpeM.H ~nyTellleCTBH.H Ha OCTpOBa~ OH
TaK)l(e nmKepTBOBaJI s.n:paBoii cTpaTerHeii pa.n:11 ua.n:-
e)l(.LJ:bi Ha JierKyiO Ha)l(HBY H TpMyMcpaJibHYIO CJiaBy.
KaK M B npe.D:bi.D:YIUHH ro.n:, noxo.n: 1597 r. cTaJI pe-
syJibTaTOM paCKOJia: HeKOTOpbie npH.D:BOpHbie Ha6JIIO-
.n:aTeJIH .D:yMaJIH, 'ITO BeCb npOeKT 6biJI npH.D:yMaH
CecMJIOM 11 P3JIH, '!T06bi y6paTb 3cceKca no.n:aJibllle
OT .n:Bopa. Y 3cceKca, o.n:HaKo, ue 6biJIO Bbi6opa: eMy
npHXO.LJ:HJIOCb OTnpaBJI.HTbC.H, TaK KaK OH KaTaCTpO-
cpH'!eCKH uy)l(.LJ:aJic.H B .n:eubrax M eme 6oJibllle B cuor-
ClllH6aTeJibHO:i1: no6e.n:e, l.JT06bi YTBep.LJ:HTb CBOIO no-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKa.sr
~
l'l~=====A>T""Jil
JHITIPiecKyro rro3HUHIO. IIJiaBaHHe 1597 r. 3a,n:yMbi-
BaJIOCb KaK ycrreUIHOe IlOBTOpeHHe 3KCTie,UHUIUI
1589 r.: 3cceKc ,UOJI)l(eH 6biJI YHHqTO)l(HTb HcrraHc-
KHH q)JIOT B rropTe Cl>eppoJI, a 3aTeM ,UBHHYTbC5I Ha
A3opbi, qTo6bl rrepexnaTbiBaTb q)JIOT c coKponmn:a-
MH H3 AMepHKH. Ho CHOBa HHqero He rroJiyqHJIOCb.
K TOMY BpeMeHH, Kor,n:a aHrJIHHCKHH q)JIOT ,n:orrJibiJI
,UO H6epHHCKHX 6eperOB, rro,n:yMaJIH, qTo B HeM He
xnaTaeT rrop5I,n:Ka ,UJI5I Toro, qTo6bi crrpaBHTbC5I c
HCTiaHCKHM <!JJIOTOM, qaCTH:qHO H3-3a aHTarOHH3Ma
Me)l(,n:y GCCei<COM H BTOpbiM TIOCJie Hero KOMaH,n:yiO-
Il{HM P3JIH. I1epna5I, 11 6oJiee Ba)l(Ha5I, qacTb rrJiaHa
6biJia oT6porneHa.
BMeCTO 3Toro ¢JioT rrorrJibiJI K A3opcKIIM ocTpo-
BaM. P3JIH rrorraJI Ty,n:a rrepBbiM 11, orrepe,n:HB CBoero
KOMaH,UHpa, B35IJI ropo,n:: GCCeKC IIpHrp031IJI, qTo OT-
py6HT eMy rOJIOBY 3a HeiiOBIIHOBeHIIe. ,lle30praHII30-
BaHHbiH 3TOii CKJIOKOii, aHrJIIIHCKIIH <!JJIOT He cyMeJI
rrepexBaTIITb IICTiaHCKIIH <!JJIOT C COKpOBHil{aMII, TOT
6JiafOTIOJiyqHO IlpOIIJibiJI MIIMO, a GCCeKC OTIIpaBIIJI
CBOH KOpa6JIII o6paTHO B AHrJIIIIO, H HeqeM eMy 6biJIO
rroxnacTaTbC5I B pe3yJibTaTe 3Toro ,n:oporocTonmero
MeporrpmiTII5I. GCCeKCY Oll5ITb He y,n:aJIOCb ,U06IITbC.H
rro6e,n:bi, KOTopa5I eMy 6biJia ny)l(Ha ,UJI5I yKperrJieHII5I
CBoero rrornaTHynrneroc5I rroJIO)l(eHII5I rrpii n;nope. B
1589, 1596 11 1597 rr. EJIII3aneTa BbiCbiJiaJia Kopa6-
JIII C .UBYM5I OCHOBOIIOJiaraiOII~IIMII 3a,n:aqaMII; YJ-IIIq-
TO)l(eHIIe IICTiaJ-ICKOfO BOeHHOfO <lJJIOTa II 3axnaT <lJJIOTa
C UeHHOCT.HMII. B 1596 r. 6biJIII XOT.H 6bl IlOIIbiTKII
OCJia6IITb IICIIaHCKIIH BOeHHbiH <!JJIOT, B 1597 r. He-
y,n:aBilla5IC.H rrorrbiTKa 3axnaTIITb coKponiima. Ho B
OCHOBHOM rrpiiKa3bl 3a6biBaJIIICb, a KOMaH,UYIOil{IIe
IICKaJHI rapaHTIIpOBaHHOfO rpa6e)l(a II JierKOH CJia-
Bbl. EJIII3aBeTa CKOJibi<O yrO,UHO MOfJia CTpOIITb IIJia-


~
KopoAesa H apMJ:HI
~
l'l'U.. ================ A>T'"Jil
Hbi KaMnamrH:, HO o6ecne"tJHTb HX ocy:w;ecTBJieHHe oHa
He MOrJia: B OTKpbiTOM Mope )lpeifK, HoppHC, fo-
Bap,l.l;, 3cceKc H P3JIH Hanpoqb 3a6biBaJIH o ee HH-
CTPYKI.lHHX.
l1 Ha cyme reHepaJibi TO)I(e neJiaJIH, "liTO xoTe-
JIH - XOTH, nocKOJibKY B XVI B. apMHH 6biJIH He
TaKne nOBOpOTJIHBbie, I<aK cpJIOT, HenOBHHOBeHHe 6biJIO
ne TaKHM HarJibiM H reHepaJibi, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, cpa-
:x<aJIHCb C 6oJiee HJIH MeHee TeM )f(e npOTHBHHKOM H B
6oJiee HJIH MeHee HY)I(HOM MecTe. Ho B neiicTBHH BHk
Hbl Te )f(e CaMbie npo6JieMbl nOJIHTH"tJeCKOfO KOHTpOJIH
nan BOeHHbiMH MaHeBpaMH. B 1589 r. EJIH3aBeTa pe-
IIIHJia, "liTO eif CJie,l.l;yeT no)UJ;ep)l(aTb HOBOrO npOTeC·
TaHTCKoro KopoJIH <l>paHl.lHH feHpHxa IV, "tJT06bi npen-
OTBpaTHTb norJiom;eHHe <l>paHI.lHH McnaHHeii - HJIH,
no KpaifHeif Mepe, noMelliaTb <l>HJIHnny 3aXBaTHTb
¢paHI.lY3CKHe nopTbi B Jla-MaHme. 0Ha corJiaCHJiacb
nocJiaTb 4000 "tJeJIOBeK B HopMaH,l.I;HIO nO,l.l; KOMaH,l.I;O·
BaHHeM Jiopna YHJioy6H Ha MeCHI.l. Ho KaK paa Korna
BOHCKO nO,l.l;rOTOBHJIOCb CeCTb Ha KOpa6JIH B )lyBpe,
feHpHX nepe,l.l;aJI "tiepe3 cppaHI.lY3CKOrO nOCJia, "liTO nO,l.l;·
nep)I(Ka eMy 6oJihme He HY)f(Ha, H YHJIJioy6H npHKa-
3aJIH )f(.lJ:aTh. OnHaKo YHJIJioy6H )f(a)f(,l.l;aJI JIH"tJHoro
ycnexa H pa3,l.l;eJIHJI B3rJIH.ll:hi 3cceKca Ha npoTecTaHT-
CKYIO BOeHHyiO JIHry: OH npeHe6per H3BeCTHeM H OTn-
JlbiJI He nOCOBeTOBaBIIIHCb HH C KOpOJieBOH, HH C Co-
BeTOM. BaJibCHHraM npenynpe,l.I;HJI ero, "liTO oH MO)I(eT
Ha,l.l;e.HTbCH JIHIIIb Ha MHHHMaJibHYIO cpHHaHCOBYIO nO,l.l;·
,l.l;ep)KKy: ~BOIOCb, "liTO BOHCI<a, CJiy)f(aiD;He non KO-
MaH,l.I;OBaHHeM Bameif CBeTJIOCTH, OKa)l(yTCH B KpaifHe
T>DI<eJIOM nOJIO)f(eHHH H3-3a OTCYTCTBHH OnJiaTbi~ 7• Ho
3TO He ocTaHOBHJIO YHJIJioy6H.
OH npoBeJI necHTHHeneJihHYIO 3HMHIOIO KaMna-
IU1IO, KOTOpa.H HH"tJero He peiiiHJia, B KOTOpOH ero


~ EAH3aseTa I AHrAHHCKa.SI
~
lll~======A>rJil
COJIL{aTbl yqaCTBOBaJIH B II5ITH CTbi'1KaX H rrpoMap-
lllllpOBaJIM 400 MMJib ITO L{Q)I(L{IO M rp5I3M, OT ,llbeii-
na .n:o Jiyapbi 11 o6paTHO Ha rro6epe)l(be OKOJIO Ka-
Ha - rroKa feHpHx IV KM.n:aJic.H Ty.n:a-cm.n:a 6e3 orr-
pe.n:eJieHHoro rrJiaHa .n:etl:cTBMH. AHrJIMHCKMe BOHCKa
CTpa.n:aJIM, KaK M rrpe.n:cKa3aJI BaJibCMHraM, OT He-
XBaTKM e.n:bi 11 o.n:e)I(L{bi, roJio.n:a, 6oJie3Heti:, McTorn:e-
l-Bi5I M Bpa)l(.n:e6HOCTM cppaHUY30B - OT cppaHUY3C-
KMX BparOB-KaTOJIMKOB, OT cppaHUY3CKMX COI03HM-
KOB-IIpOTeCTaHTOB M OT cppaHUY3CKMX KpeCTb5IH,
nepepe3aBUIMX ropJIO OTCtaBiliMM aHrJIM"llaHaM M TeM,
KTO MCKaJI IIMIUY. B KOHUe .n:eKa6p5I 1589 r. IIOTpe-
naHHbie OCTaTKM apMHM 6biJIM B 6ecnop5IL{Ke y.n:aJie-
Hbi; TOJibKO IIOJIOBMHa rrepBOHa"llaJibHOfO BOHCKa Bep-
HyJiaCb B AHrJIMIO, M MHOrMe 113 HMX yMepJIH B nap-
TaX Ha IO)I(HQM no6epe)l(be. XOT5I MCTOpHKM CI10p5IT
OTHOCMTeJibHO TOfO, HaCKOJibKO YMJIJIOy6M IIOMOr
feHpHxy IV, noxo)l(e, "liTO He MHoro. Ka)l(eTC5I, "liTO
coJI.n:aTbi MY"liMJIMCb pa.n:M TaKoti: pelllarorn:ei1: neJIM,
KaK '1eCTOJII06Me MX KOMaH.UYIOIUero.
Ho K 1591 r. feHpHxy IV .n:etl:cTBMTeJibHO HY)K-
Ha 6biJia aHrJIMHCKa5I IIOMOIUb, IIOCKOJibKY OL{Ua ap-
MH5I MCHaHCKOH M cppai-IUY3CKOll JIMrM HaXOL{MJiaCb B
.6peTaHM, a .n:pyra.H K KOHUY rona B HopMaH.UMM.
On.HTb B03HMKJia orracHOCTb, "liTO 11crraHM5I 3axBaTMT
cppaHUY3CKMe IIOpTbl B IIpOJIMBe, "liTO, KaK C"liMTaJIM
caMOBJII06JieHHbie aurJIM"l!aue, HeMe.n:JieHuo rrpHBe.n:eT
K BTOp)l(eHMIO. B Mae 1591 r. EJm3aBeTa nocJiaJia
He6oJiblliOH OTP.SI.U B 3000 qeJioBeK B .6peTanb rro.n:
KOMaHL{OH C3pa ,ll)I(OHa HoppHCa, HO KaMnaHM5I OKa-
3aJiaCb KaTacTpocpotl: c caMoro Ha"llaJia. KopoJieBa He
XOTeJia ua6HpaTb (M OIIJia"l!MBaTb) COBepllleHI-IO HO-
BOe BOHCKO, rronoMy 1500 qeJioBeK rrepeBeJIM M3 HM-
LJ;epJian.n:oB, B pe3yJibTaTe qero 6biJIM ocJia6JieHbi BOH-


~
KopoAeBa M apMM.SI
~
l'l'U.====A>TJ'.!
cKa TaM. HeKOTOpbie coJI.n:aTbi HoppHca 6biJIH oT.n:e-
JieHbi H 6porneHbi na noMOI.IJ;b 3ai.IJ;HTHHKaM ,llbenna
OT BolicK KaTOJIHt:IecKoil JIMfH, H napy MeC5IU:eB HM
He 6brJio 3aMeHbi. KaK Bcer.n:a 6biJI BbiCOK ypoBeHb
,[(e3epTHpCTBa H 6oJie3Hell, a CHa6)KCHHe HHKy.n:a He
ro.n:HJIOCb. AHrJIMHCKoe BOHCKO 6ecu:eJibHO 6po.n:HJIO
no BpeTaHH, Tep5!5! JIIo.n:eH: no .n:opore, noKa ocTa-
Jiacb e.n:Ba JIM TbiC5It:Ia t:IeJioBeK: B cpeBpaJie 1592 r.
HoppHC OCTaBHJI CBOHX COJI,[(aT B 3MMHeM Jiarepe H
oTnpaBHJIC5! B AHrJIHIO KJI5!Ht:IHTb no.n:KpenJieHH5!. TeM
BpeMeHeM ero 060pBaHHa5! apMH5! 6biJia ITOt:ITH ITOJI-
HOCTbiO yHHt:ITO)KeHa BOHCKaMH JlHrH B 6HTBe npH
KpaoHe B Mae.
B HIOJie 1591 ro.n:a ei.IJ;e o.n:Ha aHrJIHHCKa5I apMH5!
6biJia ITOCJiaHa BO <!>paHl{MIO - 4000 t:IeJIOBeK ITO,[(
KOMaH.n:oH: rpacpa 3cceKca, t:IT06bi noMOt:Ib feHpHxy IV
B oca.n:e PyaHa. Ho B HopMaH.[(HH CJIYt:IHJIOCb TO )Ke,
t:ITO H B BpeTaHH, c npH6aBKOH Ha HMnyJibCMBHOCTb
3cceKca. feHpnx IV 3aHHMaJic5! CBOHMH .n:eJiaMH H
onacaJic5! BTOp)KCHH5! IIapMbi H3 HM.n:epJian.n:oB, a 3c-
cei<cy OCTaBaJIOCb TOJibKO KpaCOBaTbC5! B CBOell CJiaBe
M TpaTHTb CHJibi CBOell apMHM H ,n;eHbfH CBOell KOpO-
JieBbi: ~f.n:e OH, t:ITO OH .[(eJiaeT H t:ITO C06HpaeTC5! ,[(e-
JiaTb, HaM HeM3BeCTHO~, - nHcaJia EJIH3aBeTa B 6ec-
CMJibHOM rHeBe8
-
3TO npH3HaHMe ITOt:ITH l{eJIMKOM
no.n;hrTO)KHBaeT OTnorneHH5! Em,r3aBeTbi c ee BOeHat:IaJib-
HIIKaMH! K TOMY BpeMeHH, Kor.n:a oca.n:a PyaHa Har<O-
neu: Hat:IaJiacb 31 OKT5!6p5!, y 3cceKca ocTaBaJIOCb,
Bep05ITHO, TbiC5It.Ia t:IeJIOBeK H rpacp npOCIIJI ITO,li;Kpen-
Jieiiiill. Oca.n;a npo.n:BHraJiacb MeL(JienHo, nocbiJiaeMhre
no.n:KpenJieHH5! Ta5IJIH, O)KII.n:aeMoe BTOp)KeHHe IIap-
Mbi npOH30IIIJIO, M B 5IHBape 1592 f. 3cceKC BCe 6po-
CHJI H BepHyJic5! .n:oMoil. B anpeJie IIapMa BbiHY.[(HJI
feupiixa CH5!Tb oca.n:y Pya~-ra, H EJIH3aBeTe uet:IeM 6hrJio


Hi=-==E=A=H=3=a=s=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A=H=ii=c=K=a=SI== jft
OTliHTaTbe-H 3a 300 000 <J>yHTOB, IIOTpalieHHbie BO
<DpaHl{HH.
A rroTOM 6biJia ell{e I1pJiaH.n;H-H, r.ne y aHrJIHliaH
IIOliTH Beer,a: a HHlierD He IIOJiyliaeTe-H. IlOXO.l{bl rrpo-
THB DOeeTaHHH TnpOHa ,naiOT .l{Ba KJiaCeH'lleeKHX rrpn-
Mepa TOfO, liTO KOpOJieBa Tep-HJia KOHTpOJib Ha,a: eBO-
llMll BOeHHbiMH, KaK TOJibKO OHH BbiXO.l{llJill B IIOJie.
B arrpeJie 1599 r. 3eeeKe 6biJI rroeJiau B I1pJiaH.n;nro
BO r JiaBe BOHeKa B 16 000 IIeXOTHHU:eB ll 1300 Bea,n-
HHKOB e TBep.n;biMH nHeTpyKU:H-HMH aTaKOBaTb Tnpo-
Ha B OJibeTepe. Ho KaK TOJibKO 3eeeKe oKaJaJie-H B
I1pJiaH.n;nn, OH HaliaJI .n;eJiaTb Bee Hao6opoT. EJin3a-
BeTa KHIIeJia OT -HpOeTH, IIOKa OH MapnmpOBaJI B3a,l{-
BIIepe.n; no JleHeTepy n MaHeTepy, IIIBbip-H -Heb ee .n;eHb-
raMn: OHa eKa3aJia rrpn .n;Bope, liTO JieTHee rrpo.n;Bn-
:>KeHne 3eeeKea o6XO.l{HTe-H eif B 1000 <J>yHTOB B .n;eHb.
KopoJieBa HaeMeiiiJIHBO yrrpeKaJia 3eeeKea B rrnehMe
OT cepe,nHHbl CeHT-H6p-H 3a TO, lJ:TO OH TaK ll He .l{OilleJ.I
.no OJibCTepa:
~EeJin rrpnliHHO:ii: TOMY 6oJie3HH B apMnn, rro-
lieMy He rrpe.n;rrpHHHMaJIOeb HHKaKHX .n;eifeTBHH,
KOf,l{a apMH-H 6biJia B JIYliiiieM eOCTO-HHHH? EeJIH
BHHOH rrpn6JIH:>KeHHe 3HMbl, IIO'lleMy IIOTep-HHbl
HIOJib ll aBryeT - JieTHHe MCC-Hl{bi? ECJIH BeeHa
HaCTyiiHJia CJIHIIIKOM 6biCTpO, a CJie.l{yiOil{ee JieTO
He 6biJIO neiiOJib30BaHO, eeJIH :>KaTBa, KOTOpM IIOC-
Jie,l(OBaJia, 6biJia Tai< 6e3o6pa3HO rrpoBe.n;eHa, liTO
HHliero He C,l{eJiaHO, TOf.l{a BOHCTHHY HaM IIpHXO-
.l{llTC-H JaKJIIOliHTb, liTO BaM He rro.nxo.n;nT HH O.l(HO
H3 lieTbipex BpeMeH ro.na! ~ 9
3eeeKC IIOeTaBHJI ce6H B 6e3BbiXO.l{HOe IIOJIO:>I<e-
HHe. OH A06HBaJie-H KOMan.n;oBaHH-H B l1pJian.n;HH B
OT'lla-HHHOH IIOIIbiTI<e ,l{06HTbC-H IIOJIHTHlieeKOfO BJIH-H-


~
KopoAeBa H apMH11
~
l'l'U.. ================ A>rJil
HlHI IIpll IIOMOW:ll BOeHHOrO ycrrexa ll, IIpH6biB B J1p-
JiaH.l{lliO, o6em:a.JI: ~KJI.smycb BoroM, 51 .uo6biOCb rro-
6e.Ubi Ha.U TnpoHOM Ha rroJie 6nTBbi! ~ 10 Ho n n Mp-
JiaH.UHH JierKHX rro6e.u He 6biJIO. OH pa36pocaJI cnon
BOHCKa Ha rapHH30Hbl He3Ha~mTeJibHbiX cpopTOB ll
ropo.uKoB B JleHcTepe H MaHcTepe, ocTaBHB ce6e
CJIHIIIKOM Ma.JieHbKYIO IIOJieByiO apMHIO .l{JI51 3cpcpeK-
TllBHOM KaMrraHHll rrpoTHB TllpoHa. Ero KarrnTaHbi
ClfHTaJIH, 'ITO y nero HeT IIIaHcon rro6e.n:HTb TllpoHa
HJIH aaxnaTHTb rrJiaQ.uapM B OJibCTepe, H rroconeTo-
naJIH eMy BbDK.UaTb. Ho Hey.uaqn y)Ke pa3pyiiiHJIH
TO, 'ITO OCTaBaJIOCb OT ero IIOJillTHlfeCKOM perryTaQHll
IIpll .UBOpe ll OKOHlfaTeJibHO HaCTpOHJill KOpOJieny
rrpoTHB Hero. OH rroiiieJI Ha o~a.siHHbiH H rrpe.uaTeJib-
CKHM IIIar: corJiaCHJIC.si Ha rrpnMnpeHne c TllpOHOM,
yneJI CBOIO apMHIO B .l(y6JIHH ll, HeCMOTp51 Ha lfeTKlle
rrpnKa3bi ocTanaTbC.si B MpJiaH.UHH, KHHYJIC.si o6paT-
HO KO .UBOpy1 IlbiTa.siCb BOCCTaHOBliTb CBOe IIOJIHTH-
qecKOe rroJIO)KeHne. OH Bbi6pocnJI Ha neTep 300 000
3a II51Tb MeC.siQeB.
B KalfecTne Jiop.ua-HaMeCTHliKa MpJiau.urm 3c-
ceKca CMeHliJI Jiop.u MayHT.U)KOM, ropa3.uo 6oJiee Ha.u-
e)I(HbiM BOeHalfaJibHllK - XOT51 OH TO)Ke IIO.UYMbiBaJI
06 ll3MeHe ll npHKll.l{biBaJI, He IIOBeCTll Jill eMy BOMC-
Ka B AHrJIHIO, BOCCTaHOBllTb BJiaCTb 3cceKCa ll rrpo-
B03rJiaCHTb IIIOTJiaH.UCKoro KopoJI.si 5IKona VI HacJie.u-
HHKOM rrpecToJia. Ho Bbica.uKa ncrraHQeB B KnncaJie
3acTaBHJia MayHT.U)KO.sJ: 3aH.siTbC51 ueoTJIO)I(HbiMH .ue-
JiaMn: B KOHQe 1601 r. OH pa3rpOMllJI OCHOBHYIO ap-
t-miO TnpoHa, a 3aTeM 3acTaBliJI ncrraHQeB c.uaTbC.si.
Ho nee em:e ocTanaJiacb rrpo6JieMa caMoro Tnpona:
MayHT.U)KOM Ha.ue.siJIC.si CKJIOHI1Tb ero IIO.UlfHHliTbC.si,
uo EJIH3aBeTa peiiiHJia, 'ITO ero Ha.uo rroiiMaTb H rro-
necHTb. B KOHQe KOHQOB OHa COrJiaCHJiaCb COXpa-


HHTb eMy )KJ13Hb, HO BbiCTaBHJia HeB03MO)KHbie ITO
cBoe:H: cTporocTH ycJIOBH5I. Po6epT CecHJI rroHHMaJI,
'-ITO MayHT.l{)KOIO rrpH.neTC5I HapyiiiHTb rrpHKa3, 11 B
cpeBpaJie 1603 r. ou rrpocTO rrorrpocHJI Jiop.na-HaMec-
THHKa CH,l{eTb THXO: d1TaK, 5I Ha,l{eiOCb, '-ITO B CBOeM
cJie.nyiDmeM .noHeceuHH Bbi HarrHIIIeTe MHe Koe-l.:ITO
rro.nxo.n5Imee, l.:IT06bi rroKa3aTb Ee BeJIHl.:leCTBY, 11 '-ITO-
To, '-ITO ,l{OJI)KeH 3HaTb 51 ••• TaKHM o6pa30M ,l{OJI)l(Hbl
HaXO,l{HTb BbiXO,l{ BCe l.:leCTHbie JIIO,l{H, KOf,l{a OHM CJiy-
)KaT MOHapxaM~ 11 • MayHT.l{)KOH 3aKJIIOl.:IHJI c THpo-
HOM Ta:H:HyiO c.neJIKY, a EJIH3aBeTa yMepJia, He y3HaB
rrpaB.l{bi.
J.1TaK, EJIH3aBeTa He crrpaBJI5IJiaCb CO CBOHMH BO-
eHal.:laJibHHKaMH, Hal.:IHHa5I OT fpe5I B lUOTJiaH,l{HH B
1560 r. 11 KOH'-:Ia5I MayHT.l{)KOeM B l1pJiaH.l{HH B 1603,
H II03TOMY CBOHX UeJieH ,l{OCTHfaJia Ol.:leHb pe.l{KO. PaJIH
II03)Ke yTBep)K.l{aJI, '-ITO Hey.na1.:111 B 6opb6e c Mcrra-
HHe:H: 6biJIH pe3yJihTaTOM Toro, '-ITO EJIH3aBeTa He .na-
BaJia BOeHHbiM CB060.l{bl ,l{eHCTBHH:
<<ECJIH 6bi IIOKOHHa5I KOpOJieBa BepHJia CBO-
HM BOeHHbiM, KaK OHa BepHJia CBOHM IIHCaKaM,
Mbi 6bi eme rrpH He:H: Ha Kycol.:IKH pa36HJIH TY Be-
JIHKYIO HMIIepHIO H rrpeBpaTHJIH 6bi ee KOpOJieH B
arreJibCHHOBbiX H qmrDBbiX, KaK B CTapbie BpeMe-
Ha. Ho Ee BeJinqecTBO Bcer.na ocTaHaBJIHBaJiacb
Ha IIOJIIIYTH H MeJIKHMH HaCKOKaMII Hayl.:IIIJia IIC-
rraHUa 3amHmaTbC5I II BII,l{eTb CBOII C06CTBeHHbie
cJia6ocTII~ 12 •
3TO 6biJI 06bP:IHbiH KpiiK BOeHHbiX: ~ECJIII 6bi
TOJibKO IIITaTCKIIe HaC BOopy)KIIJIII, Mbl 6bi C,l{eJiaJIII
cBoe .neJio~. KoHel.JHO, '-ITO-TO B aTIIX cJioBax ecTb.
EJIII3aBeTa ,l{eHCTBHTeJibHO .nep)KaJia CBOIIX BOeHa-
qaJibHIIKOB Ha KOpOTKOM 6IO,l{)KeTHOM IIOBO,l{Ke II OT-


~
KopoAeBa H apMJHI
~
lll'U..=======~Jil
HOCHTeJibHO JIIO.n;eii, H OTHOCHTeJibHO .n;eHer, H ee
COJI.n;aTbl '!aCTO 6biJIH IIJIOXO HaKOpMJiei-Ibl H IIJIOXO
o.n;eTbi H aoopy)KeHbi. Ho cTpa.n;aHH.H rrpocTbiX co-
JI.n;aT ycyry6JI.HJIHCb eme H TeM, liTO HX KOMaH.n;Hpbl
.n;ep)KaJIH HX Ha IIOJI.HX ropa3.n;O .li:OJibiiie, lieM 6biBa-
JIO HaMelieHO, a He TOJibKO H3-3a T0f0 1 liTO rrepBOHa-
liaJibHbie accHrHoBaHH.H 6biJIH He.n;ocTaTOliHbi. HeT
rrpHliHH rrpe.n;rroJiaraTb, liTO, ecJIH 6bi KopoJieaa .n;a-
aaJia CBOHM KOMaH.n;yiOIUHM 60Jibllle JIIO.n;eii H .n;e-
Her, OHH 6bi HCIIOJib30BaJIH HX 3¢¢eKTHBHee. ilpo-
6JieMa 6biJia a aoeHHbiX pyKoao.n;HTeJI.Hx, a He a rrpa-
BHTeJibCTBe.
npaa.n;a, KOMaH.n;HpaM rropyliaJIH TPY.li:Hble .n;eJia,
H HX Hey.n;aliH liaCTHliHO IIpOHCXO.li:HJIH H3-3a 06CTO.H-
TeJibCTB OT HHX He 3aBHC.HIUHX. B HH.n;epJiaH.n;ax H ao
cDpaHUHH JiecTep, YHJIJioy6H, HoppHc H 3cceKc py-
Koao.n;HJIH BTOpOCTeiieHHbiMH CHJiaMH, ycrrex KOTOpbiX
3aBHCeJI OT KOOp.n;HHaUHH C HHOCTpaHHbiMH COI03HH-
KaMH, H He TOJibKO 3cceKC TeprreJI Hey.n;aliH B I1pJiaH-
.li:HH. Ha Mope ,llpe:H:K, foaap.n;, 3cceKc H P3JIH HCIIbi-
TbiBaJIH 3aTpy.n;HeHH.H H3-3a IIJIOXOH CB.H3H H pa3Be.n;-
KH H H3-3a 6o.H3HH rro.n;aeprHyTb orracHOCTH Kopa6JIH
KopoJieBbi a.n;aJIH OT rropTa. Ho 3TH o¢Huepbi He rro-
CbiJiaJIHCb IIpOTHB CBOell BOJIH BOeBaTb, liT06bi ocy-
II{eCTBHTb IIOJIHTHlieCKHe MaXHHaUHH: OHH CaMH rrpe.n;-
JiaraJIH 3TH rrpe.n;rrpH.HTH.H, H OHH YMOJI.HJIH IIOCTaBHTb
HX ao r Jiaae. A KaK TOJibKO oKa3biBaJIHCb ao r Jiaae,
IIpOCTO .n;eJiaJIH TO, liTO XOTeJIH, BOIIHIOIUHM o6pa30M
rrpeHe6pera.H HHCTpyKUH.HMH: OHH 6biJIH r JiaBHbiMH,
TaK '!TO MOfJIH .n;eJiaTb '!TO yro.n;Ho. HecMoTp.H Ha .HB-
Hoe HecorJiacHe KopoJieBbi, 3cceKc rrpo.n;OJI)KaJI Hc-
IIOJib30BaTb rrpeporaTHBY KOMaH.n;yiOmero H )KaJIOBaTb
.n;aop.HHCKoe 3BaHHe Ha rroJie 6HTBbi - 21 B Pyane B
1591 r., 68 a Ka.n;Hce a 1596 H 81 a I1pJiaH.n;HH a
~


®Zit
EAHJaBeTa I AHrAHHCKas
~
l'l'U_====A>T""Jil
1599, Tor.n:a KaK caMa EJIM3aBeTa ,n:eJiaJia .n:nopHHaMM
10 ':IeJioBeK B ro.n:. BepoHTHO, cJiana y.n:apHJia KOMan-
,n:yiOIUMM B rOJIOBy: KOr,n:a IDIHIOIIIKa BbillYCKaJia MaJib-
"l!liKOB M3 ,n:eTCKOM, OHM ITOJib30BaJIMCb CB06o,n:oif Ha
BCIO KaTyiiii<Y •
KoHTpOJib EJIM3aneTbi na.n: ee noeHa':IaJibHMKaMM
orpanM':IMBaJicH rrorrbiTKaMM CHM3MTb pacxo,n:bi. IIpM-
BJieKM qmnaHCOBbiX rrapTHepOB K CBOMM Ha':IMHaHM-
HM, ana BbiHy)K,n:ena 6biJia ,n:eJIMTbCH BJiaCTbiO M oc-
TaBJIJITb CBOMM COI03HMKaM CB06o,n:y ,n:eMCTBMM. AH-
r JIMMCKMe noennbie .n:eifcTBMH B HM,n:epJiaH,n:ax 6biJIM
COBMeCTHbiM rrpe,n:rrpMHTMCM C rOJIJiaH,n:l(aMM; BO <!>pan-
UMM OHM ( TeopeTlf':IeCKM) ':IaCTli':IHO OITJia':IMBaJIMCb fen-
pMXOM IV. OT 3Toro B03HMKaJIM rrpo6JieMbi Kon<PJIMK-
Ta lil-ITepeCOB ll pa3HOrJiaCMH COI03HMKOB, a TaK)Ke 3a-
,n:ep)KKM B orrJiaTe. Ha Mope KopoJiena ncryrraJia B rrapT-
HepcTBO CO CBOMMM C06CTBCHHbiMM rro.n:,n:aHI-IbiMH: B
1589, 1596 M 1597 y KOMan,n:yiOIUMX 6biJia CBOH <PM-
HaHCOBM ,l{OJIJI B orrepaUHHX, ll ney,n:MBMTeJibHO, ':ITO
MX OCHOBI-IOM 3a60TOM CTaHOBMJICH rpa6e)K MCITaHCKMX
ropo.n:on, a He ynM':ITO)KeHMe McrraHCKMX Kopa6Jiei1:.
Y )I( ecJIM KopoJiena rrpMBaTM3MponaJia ne.n:eHMe noH:nbi,
e:H ne cJie,n:onaJio y,n:MBJIJITbCH, ':ITO B03o6Jia,n:aJI MOTMB
BbirD,ZJ;bi. B rrocJie,n:nMe ro,n:bi rrpanJieHMH coneTHHKM M
rrpM,n:BOpHbiC BKJia.l{biBaJIM orpOHHbie ,n:eHbrM B pa3-
60MHM':IbM BbiJia3KM B BeeT-I1H,n:MIO, na McrrancKoe
rro6epe)Kbe ll B Cpe,n:M3CMI-IOe Mope. OnM BM.l{CJIH no-
enHo-MopcKMe orrepallMM B TOM )KC CBCTC, ':ITO M B03-
MO)KHOCTM ':IaCTHOrO o6oraiUCHM5!, 0 nal(MOHaJibHOM
6e3orracnocTH HMKTO ne ,n:yMaJI. CJierwnaTeJibHO, KO-
Mai-I,n:yromMe rrpeCJIC,l{OBaJIM CBOM C06CTBeHHbiC UeJIM,
a I-IC BbiiiOJIHHJIM rrpMKa3bi KOpOJICBbi.
IIpo6JieMbi B03I-IMKaJIM TaK)Ke M3-3a Taro, ':ITO He
6biJIO o6mero corJiaCMH OTI-IOCMTCJibi-IO rrocJie,n:yiomel'-1


~
KopoAesa H apMHH
~
lll'U.. ============A>T'"Jil
CTpaTerHH, H ,UBa rJiaBHbiX TIO,UXO,Ua, KaMTiaHHH Ha
cyme H y,n:apbl C MOp51, npHHHMaJIHCb pa3JIH'-IHbiMH
rpynnaMH npH ,n:aope. CJie,n:oaaTeJibHO, noJIHTHt.Iec-
KH HeB03MO)I{H0 6biJIO pelliHTeJibHO Bbi6paTb O.UHY
CTpaTermo, H 6biJia Bep051THOCTb, l.J:TO KOpOJieBa o,n:o6-
p51Jia TY HJIH HHyro aKcne,n:mJ;HIO ,n:JI51 Toro, t.IT06bi
ypaaHoaecHTb ¢paKIJ;HH. Y)l{e so apeM51 HH,n:epJiaH-
,n:cKoH HHTepBeHIJ;HH B 1585 r. Ha3Ha'-IaJIHCb TIO,Ut.IH-
HeHHbie, KOTOpbie He pa3,UeJI51JIH MHeHHe JleCTepa 0
IJ;eJIH, 11 oH Ct.IHTaJI capa .LJ:)I{oHa Hopp11ca 11 capa
ToMaca CecHJia t.IYTb JIM He rnnHOHaMH. KoHet.IHO,
Il03)1{e CTaJIO HaMHOrO Xy)l{e: BOeHat.IaJibHHKH CJie,UO-
BaJIH TaKTHKe, ,UJI51 KOTOpOH y HHX He 6biJIO CHap51-
)l{eHH51, KaK B 1589 r.; HJIH OHM He MOrJIM ,UOrOBO-
pHTbC51 0 TOM, l.J:TO ,n:eJiaTb, KaK B 1596; HJIH HX CIIO-
pbl pa36HBaJIH Ha,Ue)I{,Ubl Ha KaKHe 6bi TO HH 6biJIO
,n:eHCTBH51, KaK B 1597. CHJibl, KOTOpbie TIOCbiJiaJIHCb
,UJI51 YHHl.J:TO)I{eHH51 KOpa6JieH, BO BCeX CJiyt.Ia51X KOH-
IJ;eHTpHpOBaJIHCb Ha oca,n:e ropo.n:oa, TaK KaK reHepa-
Jibi 6paJIH Bepx Ha,n: a,n:MHpaJiaMH - a B03MO)I{HOCTH
OCHOBaTb HHOCTpaHHbie 6a3bl He OCyi.UeCTBJI51JIHCb,
noToMy "'-ITO a,n:MHpaJibi xoTeJIH IIJibiTb ,n:oMoli. He-
B03MO)I{HOCTb BbiTIOJIHHTb IIpHKa3bl KOpOJieBbl t.IaC-
TH'-IHO 06'b51CH51JiaCb TIOCJie,UCTBH51MH ,UHCTIYTOB cpe,n:H
CTpaTerOB H COnepHHl.J:eCTBOM cpe,n:H KOMaH,n:HpOB.
Ho ace 3TH npH'-IHHbi He BTIOJIHe o6'b51CH51IOT He-
o,n:HOKpaTHbie H HarJibie HapyrneHH51 KOpOJieBCKHX HH-
CTpyKIJ;HH. llpe,n:CTaBJI51eTC51 51CHbiM: KOMaH,n:Hpbi ,n:e-
JiaJIH BbiBO,n:, "'-ITO 3T.l1 HHCTPYKIJ;HH He HMeJIH 3naqe-
HH51 Ha CaMOM ,n:eJie; KOpOJieBa 6biJia :>KeHI.UHHOH, a
aoi1Ha - 3aH51THe MY)I{CKoe. B CoaeTe, npH ,n:aope 11
B rrapJiaMeHTe y EJIH3aBeTbi 6biJia B03Mo:>KHOCTb no-
Ka3biBaTb CBOIO KOMIIeTeHTHOCTb; OHa MOrJia nepeHr-
paTb MY)I{'-IHH B HX Hrpe - eCJIH Ha,UO, HCTIOJ1b3Y51


:>KeHCKHe rrp11eMhi. Ho Ha BOHHe oHa oKa3biBaJiacb B
pyKaX CBOJ1X reHepaJIOB, KOTOpbie .UyMaJIJ1, 'ITO 0Hl1
3HaiOT JIY'IIIIe - l1 e:H TaK l1 He y ,l{aBaJIOCb y6e.Ul1Tb
11x, 'ITO BTO He TaK. H11 B KaKo:H .n:pyro:H o6JiaCTl1
.n:e.siTeJibHOCTl1 l1JIJ1 I10Jll1Tl1Kl1 He 6biJIO TaKOfO .HBHOfO
HeiTOBl1HOBeHl1.H
.HCHO Bbipa:>KeHHbiM I1pl1Ka3aM, TaKO-
fO rrpe3peHJ1.H K ee BJiaCTl1, TaKOfO YHl1:>KeHl1.H MOHap-
rnero ,l{OCTOl1HCTBa. /KeHIUl1lia MOfJia 6paTb Bepx Ha,l{
I10Jil1Tl1KaMJ1 l1 C06Jia3H.HTb I1pl1.UBOpHbiX, HO OHa He
MOrJia KO.MaH.n:oBaTb BOeHHbiMl1. KaK 6bi EJIH3aBeTa
Hl1 CTapaJiaCb, OHa He MOfJia COBepiiieHHO 3a6biTb 0
CBOeH ITOJIOBOH I1pl1Ha,l{Jie:>KHOCTl1: KaK Bbipa3l1JIC.H C3p
,ll:>KoH OrJiaH.n:ep rroKoJieHHeM rro3:>Ke, ~B He:H 6biJIO
Bee, 'ITO HY:>KHO .UJI.H MOHapxa, HO OHa 6biJia :>KeHIUl1-
HOH~13.
TIPI1MEl.JAHI15I l1 CCbiJIKI1
1. Read C 1955 Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen
Elizabeth. Cape, P. 136
2. Read C 1955 p. 171
3. Adams S L 1973 The Protestant cause: religious
alliance with the west European Calvinist com-
munities as a political issue in England, 1585-
1630. Oxford University D.Phil. thesis, pp. 53-4
4. Bruce J (ed.) 1844 Correspondence of Robert
Dudley, earl of Leycester. Camden Society, p.
195
5. Bruce J (ed.) 1844 pp. 110, 243, 151
6. Wernham R B 1984 After the Armada: Eliza-
bethan England and the struggle for western
Europe. Oxford, p. 99
~


~
KopoAeBa H apMH.si
~
lll'U.====A>T"Jil
7. Wernham R B 1984 p. 161
8. Neale J E 1979 Queen Elizabeth I. Panther edn,
p. 327
9. Calendar of State Papers Ireland, 1599-1600,
p. 152
10. Moody T W, Martin F X, Byrne F J (eds) 1976
A New History of Ireland. Oxford, vol. 3 p.
127
11. Goodman G 1839 The Court of King ]ames the
First (2 vols). Bentley, vol. 2 p. 48
12. Johnson P 1974 Elizabeth I: a study in power
and intellect. Weidenfeld &: Nicolson, p. 325
13. Oglander J 1936 A Royalist's Notebook. Bam-
ford F (ed.) Constable, p. 192


rnABA 8
KOPOAEBA H HAPOA
EJIII3aBeTa 6urJia )l(eHIUIIHoii B orracHOCTII: c Ha-
':IaJia ee rrpanJieHII51 II .n;o caMoro KOHU:a ee or<py)l(aJIII
3aronopbi (II CJIYXII o 3aronopax), IIHor.n;a rrpe.n;cTaB-
JI51BIIme co6oii peaJibHYIO yrpo3y ee TpoHy II ee )l(II3-
HII. B 1569 r. pyr<ono,n;IITeJm noccTaHII51 cenepHbiX
rpacpon rrJiaHIIpoBaJIII ycTpaHIITb EJIII3aBeTy II c.n;e-
JiaTb r<opoJienoii MapiiiO CTIOapT. B 1571 r. cpJiopeH-
TIIHCKIIH 6aHimp Po6epTo PH,n;OJibcpii BbiCTpOIIJI CJIO)l(-
nyiO CXeMy, BKJIIO':IaiOIUYIO IICIIaHCKOe BTOp)l(eHIIe II3
HII,n;epJiaH,n;on, aHrJIIIiicr<oe noccTar-me rro.n; pyr<ono.n;-
CTBOM repu:ora HopcpoJIKa II HII3JIO)l(eHIIe EJIII3ane-
Tbr: rrarra, c:DIIJIIIIIII II II HopcpoJIK oxoTHO rroMoraJIII,
II EJIII3aBeTy crracJio TOJibKO He)l(eJiaHIIe IIcrrar-rcr<oro
r JiaBHOKOMaH,n;yromero B HII,n;epJiaH,n;ax II .ZJ;JIIIHHbrii
513biK PII.ZJ;OJibcpii: OH nce:M xnacTaJIC51, r<ar<oii 3aMe':Ia-
TeJibHbiH saronop oprai-m3yeT. B 1583 r. c:Dp:'mCIIC
Tpor<MopToH 6biJI CB513HbiM B 3aronope no CIIHxpoHH-
3aU:IIII cppar-ru;y3CKOfO KaTOJIU'-IeCKOfO BT0p)KeHII51 li
BOCCTaHH51 aHrJIIIHCI<HX KaTOJIIII<OB, ':IT06bi OCB060.ZJ;IITb
Mapmo CnoapT II c,n;eJiaTb ee r<opoJienoii Ar-rrJIIIII. B
1586 r. HeCI<OJibi<O MOJIO.ll;hiX cpaHaTII':IHbiX I<aTOJIIIKOB
~


noKn~nHCb y6HTb EnH3aBeTy H cHoBa nnaHHpoBanH
c.n:enaTb Mapmo KOponeBOH C HHOCTpaHI-IOH nOMOIUbiO.
B 1599 r. Kpy)l(OK 3cceKca pa3pa6aTbman pa3nwr-
Hbie nnaHbi 3axBaTa EnH3aBeTbi, l.J:T06bi c.n:enaTb ee
3anO)l(HHI..J;eH CBOeH cppaKI..J;HH H 3aCTaBHTb Ha3BaTb
Hacne.n:HHKOM 5IKoBa VI*.
3To 6bWI:I Heno.n:.n:enbHbie HHTpHrH, .n:a)l(e ecnH
npaBHTenbCTBeHHbie areHTbl MMt.mnH r.n:e-TO Ha KpaiO.
KpoMe TOfO, 6bWH nnaHbl nOMenbt.Ie, B KOTOpbiX Ka-
KHe-TO HeCt.IaCTnHBI..J;bl 6bWH, BepO~THO, npe.UCTaBne-
Hbl 3aroBoprn:RKaMR, t.IT06bi 3anyraTb EnR3aBeTy: B
1584 r. roBopRnR, t.ITO BRnb~M Ilapp1:1 co61:1panc~ 3a-
KonoTb EnR3aBeTy KRH)l(anoM; B 1587 r. CTacpcpop.n:
1:1 My.n:R, MO)l(eT 6biTb, 1:1 co6~:~panRcb no.n:no)l(RTb no-
pox EnR3aBeTe no.n: KpoBaTb 1:1 B30pBaTb ee; B 1594 r.
nopryranhCKRii Bpaq Po.n:ep~:~ry Jionmn, KaK roBopR-
m-r, co61:1panc~ KoponeBy oTpaBHTb; a B 1598 r. CKBaiip
.n:on)l(eH 6bm y6HTb ee, no.n:no)l(HB ~.n: Ha nyKy ce.n:na.
11 6bWH ern:e He.UOCTOBepHbie HCTOpHR 1:1 3afOBOpbi
6e3yMu;eB. B OKT~6pe 1559 r. pa3HecnHCb cnyxH, t.ITO
EnH3aBeTy H Po6epTa ,lla.n:nR oTpaB~T Ha 6aHKeTe,
.n:aBaeMOM rpacpoM ApyH.n:enoM. B 1562 r. .n:Ba po-
.UCTBeHHHKa nOKOHHOfO Kap.n:HHana Ilona KOHcynbTH-
poBanHCb y acTponoroB Hact.IeT 6y.n:yrn:ero KoponeBbi
1:1 nnaHHpoBanH BTOp)l(eHHe qepe3 Y:7nbc. B 1583 r.
ilopKIIIHpCKHH KaTOnHK ,ll)l(OH CoMepBHnn cKa3an cBo-
RM coce.n:~M, t.ITO oH co6HpaeTc~ 3acTpenHTb EnH3aBe-
TY, H OTnpaBHnC~ B JlOH.UOH - HO OH 06'b~Bn~n 0
CBOeM HaMepeHHI:I BCeM BCTpet.IHbiM no nyTR 1:1 6bW
apecToBaH. Haxo.n:HJmcb 1:1 cyMaciiie.n:IIIHe npoTecTaH-
Tbi: B 1591 r. ,ll)l(OH XaKeT B030MHHn ce6~ HOBbiM
MeccHeii 1:1 o6n~BRn, t.ITO EnR3aBeTa JIH3no)l(eHa. OH
• llloTJiant~cKHif KopoJib, Cblll MapHH CTioapT, 6yt~ymHif (c
1603 r.) anrnHifcKlfif Koponb 51Kon I.
-
Pea.


~
KopoAesa H HapoA
~
lll~========A>'TJil
sanycniJI ,n;Byx CBOIIX anocTOJIOB Ha JIOH,ll;OHCKIIe yJIII-
U:bi: d1 paccKa)J(IITe, 'ITO npmneJI I1Hcyc XpiicToc
cy,ll;IITb SeMJIIO II OT,ll;eJI.HTb sepHa OT nJieBeJI. I1 eCJIII
KTO-HII6y,n;b cnpOCIIT, r,n;e OH, CKa)J(IITe, 'ITO OH B ,ll;OMC
YoKepa, OKOJIO noJioMaHHoii: Bepqm~ 1.
Y EJIIISaBeTbl II ee COBeTHIIKOB 6biJIII cepbeSHbie
OCHOBaHII.H 60.HTbC.H sa ee )J(IISHb. B KOHI.J;e KOHI.J;OB, B
1570 r. nana o6n.HBIIJI 06 OTJIYl.IeHIIII KOpOJieBbl II OC-
B060,ll;IIJI ee no,n;,n;aHHbiX OT no,n;'liiHeHII.H eii:. B 1584.r.,
nocJie CoMepBIIJIJia II TpoKMOpToHa II ycnenmoro
y6IIHCTBa BIIJibreJibMa OpaHCKoro B Ha,n;epJiaH,n;ax
CoBeT opraHIISOBaJI npoTecTaHTCKYIO rpynny 6,n;IITeJib-
HOCTII ~HepaspbiBHa.H aCCOI.J;IIai.J;II.H~, KOTOpa.H ,n;aJia
KJI.HTBY SaiUIIIUaTb )J(IfSHb KOpOJieBbi, a eCJIII He y ,n;ac-
TC.H, BbiCJie,n;IITb II yMepTBIITb ee y6Hii:u;. Taii:HbiH co-
BeT COCTaBIIJI ~I1HCTPYKU:IIIO ,ll;JI.H ~Accou;IIaU:IIII~ no
coxpaHeHIIIO KopoJieBcKoii: oco6bi Ee BeJIII'leCTBa>>, II
ceKpeTapb BaJibCIIHraM Ha6JIIO,n;aJI sa pacnpocTpaHe-
HIIeM 3KSeMnJI.HpOB JIOp,ll;aM-HaMeCTHIIKaM II Ha,n;e)J(-
HbiM MarHaTaM no BCeH CTpaHe. 3aTeM 3TH MeCTHbie
JIII,ll;epbl npiiHIIMaJIII KJI.HTBY 'lJieHCTBa OT Be,n;ymero
,ll;BOp.HHCTBa II C06IIpaJIII no,n;niiCII Sa ~ACCOI.J;IIai.J;IIIO>>.
3TO 6biJia naHII'leCKa.H Mepa B naHII'leCKOe BpeM.H, HO
cTpax KaTacTpo<}Jbi He yTIIXaJI. B nocJie,n;HIIe ro,n;bi
EJIIISaBeTa cnaJia CO CTapbiM p)J(aBbiM Mel.fOM OKOJIO
KpOBaTII II B o6meM BblfJI.H,ll;eJia ,ll;OBOJibHO rJiyno, OHa
XO,ll;IIJia no CBOeMy Ka6IIHeTy C 3TIIM opy)J(IIeM II npo-
KaJibiBaJia nopTbepbi Ha cJiyqaif, ecJIII sa HIIMII np.HTa-
JIIICb y6IIMU:bi. Ho onacHOCTb 6biJia He TOJibKO B saro-
Bope C u;eJibiO y6IIHCTBa: OCTaBaJiaCb BOSMO)J(HOCTb
BoccTaHII.H. B 1597 r. EJIIISaBeTa roBopiiJia ¢paHu;ys-
CKOMY nocJiy, 'ITO ~eii: npiiXO,ll;IITC.H IIMeTb ,n;eJIO CO
SHaTHbiMII JIIO,ll;bMII paSHOfO xapaKTepa II C HapO,ll;OM,
KOTOpbiH, XOT.H BC.Hl.feCKII ,n;eMOHCTp1IpOBaJI CBOIO JIIO-


60Bb K Heli, TeM He MeHee, JiefKOMbiCJieH M HeiiOCTOH-
HeH, TaK ~ITO eli rrpMxo,n;MTCH Bcero 6oHTbCH~. Hei<o-
TOpbie M3 ee coBeTHMKOB 6biJIM c 3TMM corJiaCHbi. O.n;-
HMM M3 apryMeHTOB IIpOTMB ,li;OpOfOCTOHJ:nMX Ha3eM-
HbiX Bolin B 1590-x rr. 6biJIO coo6pa:>KeHMe, qTo yae-
JIMqeHMe nanoroa Ha aoliHy M BOeHHbie Ha6opbi MoryT
rrpMBeCTM K pacrrpOCTpaHeHMIO HapO,ll;HOfO He,D;OBOJib-
CTBa; fiepJIM B03pa:>KaJI rrpOTMB BOliHbl M3-3a -411pMpO-
,ll;bl aHfJIMliCKOfO rrpOCTOHapO,n;bH, CKJIOHHOfO K 6yH-
TJ, eCJIM ero 06JIO:>KMTb qpe3MepHbiMM HaJIOfaMM~ 2 •
llo::noMy EJIM3aBeTa rrpoBo,n;MJia rrporraraH.n;MCTCKJIO
IIOJIMTMKJ, HarrpaBJieHHJIO Ha MaKCMMaJibHbili IIO,D;'beM
HapO,ll;HOli JII06BM K Heli - He rrpOCTO IIOTOMJ, qTQ eli
HpaBMJIOCb, KOr,n;a ee rrpMBeTCTBOBaJIM (XOTH 3TO, 6e3-
JCJIOBHO, 6biJIO TaK), HO M IIOTOMJ, qTQ 3TO 6biJia
3,n;paBaH IIOJIMTMKa. ECJIM 6bi ORa MOfJia Bbi3BaTb ro-
pHqyiO JII060Bb IIpOCTbiX JIIO,D;eli, TO OHM MOfJIM 6bi
CJIJ)KMTb 3aJ:nMTOH OT IIOKymeHMH Ha y6MHCTBO - OHM
6bi CJie,n;MJIM 3a KpMTM~aMM pe)KMMa M MOfJIM 6bi Bbi-
,n;aTb JII06oro, KTO rrpe,n;CTaBJI51JI co6oii yrpo3y. fibiJia
ropa3,D;O MCHbiiiaH BepOHTHOCTb, qTO rrpe,n;aHHbiH Ha-
pO,Il BOCCTaHeT B TH)KeJibie BpeMeHa, M, B03MO)KHO, OH
OXOTHee IIJiaTMJI 6bi HaJIOfM MJIM CJIJ)KMJI B KOpOJieBC-
KOH apMMM M q>JioTe. TaK qTo EJIM3aBeTe rrpMxo,n;M-
JIOCb He TOJibKO rrpe,n;cTaBJIHTb JTOHqeHHbie ,ll;O rrpe,n;-
eJia o6pa3bl )KeHCKOfO rrpaBJieHMH CBOMM o6pa30BaH-
HbiM rrpM,ll;BOpHbiM; eH HJ)KHO 6biJIO nporne M OCHOBa-
TeJibHee o6parnaTbCH K rrpocTbiM JIIO.n;HM. KaKMM-To
o6pa30M HJ)KHO 6biJIO ,n;o6MTbCH JII06BM aHrJIMHCKMX
ropo)KaH M KpecTbHH. KaKaH-TO pa6oTa EJIM3aBeTbi
,n;eJiaJiaCb M 6e3 Hee. ,llyxoBeHCTBO B CBOMX I.lepKBaX
qHTaJIO MOJIMTBbi 0 6e30IIaCHOCTM KOpOJieBbi M IIpOM3-
HOCMJIO rrpOIIOBe,ll;M 0 OO)Kbeii: MMJIOCTM I< Heii; cy,n;bM
Ha Bbie3,ll;HbiX CeCCMHX rrpe,n;yrrpe)K,ll;aJIM, ~ITO Heo6xo-


~
KopoAeBa H HapoA
~
lll~==========~JI.!
.Z:U1Ma 6,Z:U1TeJibHOCTb npOTHB BparOB rocy,UapCTBa; rue-
pHcpbl "llHTaJIH CTaTyTbl H npoKJiaMaJ..{HH, KOTOpbie nO,ll-
qepKHBaJIH He06XO,llHMOCTb nop.H,llKa H nOCJiyruaHH.H.
Ho aTa TaKTHKa npHBO.UHJia K npe,uaHHOCTH naccHB-
HOH H ocpHilHaJibHOH: a HY:>KHO 6hrJIO 6oJiee rop.Hqee H
aKTHBHOe o6o:>KaHHe KOpOJieBCKOH OC06bi, eCJIH OHa
xoTeJia HacTo.Hme:H: 6esonacHOCTH. EJIH3aBeTe Heo6xo-
.UHMO 6biJIO nOKa3biBaTbC.H CBOeMy Hapo,uy H ,ll06HTb-
C.H ero BocxHmeHH.H. B JloH,uoHe aTo 6hrJio .uocTaToq-
HO JierKO: C Ha"llaJia CBOero npaBJieHH.H H ,llO KOHI.{a
EJIH3aBeTa BO BCeM 6JieCKe KpaCOB<l.llaCb Ha y JIHI.{ax H
nJiaBaJia no TeMse, r.ue Hapo.u Mor ee BH,lleTb. B ,ueHb
CB. feoprH.H B 1599 r. Ha TeMse nocTaBHJIH rpaH,uH-
03Hbili cneKTaKJib, B KOTOpOM KOpOJieBCKa.H 6ap:>Ka npo-
nJibiBaJia BBepx H BHH3 no peKe B COnpOBO:>K,lleHHH
cpJIOTHJIHH JIO,llOK, a 3a 3THM Ha6JIIO,lla.TIH OrpOMHbie
TOJinbr Ha 6eperax; HrpaJia MY3biKa, sBy"llaJIH apTHJI-
JiepHHCKHe caJIIOTbi, BeqepOM 6biJI cpeifepBepK.
EJIH3aBeTa BO MHOfOM 6biJia ny6JIH"l1HOH KOpOJie-
BOH. 0Ha BCer,ua nO.HBJI.HJiaCb Ha ny6JIHKe BO BpeM.H
npa3,llHOBaHH.H ee BOCllieCTBIDI Ha npeCTOJI, C KOTO-
pbiM 06bi"llHO CB.H3biBaJiaCb Tll.{aTeJibHO pa3pa6oTaHHa.H
npoueccH.H no JloH,uoHy, a saTeM BeJIHKOJienHhre TYP-
HHpbr Ha apeHe ,llJI.H COCT.H3aHHH. l(a:>Ke 17 HO.H6p.H
1602 r., Kor.ua e:H: 6biJIO 69 JieT H 6hiJIO no.uospeHHe,
"llTO ee nOnbiTaiOTC.H y6HTb, OHa npOCTO H3MeHHJia Map-
rupyT, "llT06bi H36e:>KaTb OHaCHOCTH, H nO.HBHJiaCb KaK
6biJIO HaMe"lleHO. HeT COMHeHHH, "llTO KOpOJieBa BCer-
,ua npOH3BO,llHJia KOJIOCCaJibHOe BneqaTJieHHe Ha CBO-
HX nOJUJ.aHHbiX. EnHCKOn fy,llMeH qepe3 MHOfO JieT
nOCJie 3TOf0 C06biTH.H BCnOMHHaJI, KaK MaJib"llHKOM 5
JieT B 1588 r. OH o,uHa:>K,Ubi BeqepoM yBH.UeJI EJIH3aBe-
TY Ha YaliTXOJIJie. YsHaB, "llTO e,ueT KopoJieBa, OH H
ero ,upysb.H no6e:>KaJIH no YJIHUaM, "l1T06br npHcoe,uH-


HHTbC5I K TOJIITe, KpULiaBrneii:: ~DO:>Ke, xpaHH Barne
BeJIHt.:IeCTBO!>>, ITOKa OHa rrpoe3:>KaJia rrpH CBeTe cpaKe-
JIOB. ~,l.la 6JiarocJioBHT Eor Bac Bcex, Moil: ,n:o6pbiH
HapO,n:>>, -
OTBeTHJia OHa3
, H KaKHM-TO o6pa30M TOJI-
rra ITOt.:IYBCTBOBaJia, "liTO Ha Hell ,n:eHCTBHTeJibHO 6Jia-
fOCJIOBeHHe H "liTO OHH Ha CaMOM ,n:eJie ee ,n:o6pblll Ha-
po,n:.
KoHet.:IHO, 3a rrpe,n:eJiaMH JloH,n:oHa KopoJieBe 6biJIO
ropa3,n:o TPY,n:Hee ycTaHOBHTb corJiacne c rrpocThiMH
JIIO.ll:bMH, HO ee peryJI5IpHbie JieTHHe ITOe3,n:KH ,n:aBaJIH
Koe-KaKyro B03MO:>KHOCTb. EJIH3aBeTa H ee ,n:Bop o6bit.:IHO
ye3:>KaJIH JieTOM Ha ,n:ec5ITb He,n:eJib: oHa ye3:>KaJia Ka:>K-
.ll:hiH ro.n: c 1559 .n:o 1579, 3a HCKJIIOt.:IeHHeM 1562 rre-
pe.n: BOHHOH C <DpaH~Heif H 1570 ITOCJie BOCCTaHH5I
rpacpoB Ha ceBepe. 0Ha B0306HOBHJia rroe3,n:KH B
1591 r., B03MO:>KHO, I10HHMa5I B03pacTaiOru;ee Hai1p5I-
:>KeHHe H3-3a BOeHHOfO HaJiora, ITOBTOpHJia TO :>Ke Ca-
MOe B 1592 H e:>Kero,n:Ho Bbie3:>KaJia B 1599-1602 rr.
Ha ITOCJie,n:HeM B3pbiBe 3HeprHH, KaK 6bi YTBep:>K,n:a5I,
"liTO ,nOMa OCTaiOTC5I TOJibKO Te, KTO CJIHiliKOM CTap,
l.:IT06bi e3,n:HTb. l1cTOpHKH 06bll.:IHO paCCMaTpHBaiOT 3TH
rroe3,n:KH c TOt.:IKH 3peHH5I OTHornei-mii EJIH3aBeTbi co
3HaTbiO H .li:B0p5IHCTBOM, HO KOpOJieBa I10Jib30BaJiaCb
CJiyqaeM, l.:IT06bi ITOKa3aTb ce65I H I1pOCTbiM JIIO.li:5IM,
IIOKa OHa e3,n:HJia ITO CeJibCKOH MeCTHOCTH CITOKOHHbiM
rnaroM. EoJiee ,n:JIHHHbie rroe3,n:KH B ee ~apcTBOBaHHe
06bll.:IHO BKJIIOt.:IaJIH ~epeMOI-IHa.l]bHbiH BH3HT B O,n:HH
H3 KpyrrHbiX KOprropaTHBI-IbiX ropo,n:OB: BHHt.:IeCTep B
1560 r., KeM6pn,n:)K B 1563, KoBeHTpH B 1565, 0K-
c¢op.n: B 1566, YopHK B 1572, EpncTOJib B 1574, Byc-
Tep B 1575, Hopn,n::>K B 1578.
DOJibiliHHCTBO H3 rroe3,n:OK 6biJIH KpyrrHbiMH Me-
porrpH5ITH5IMH B 06JiaCTH OTHOilieHHH C o6ru;eCTBeH-
HOCTbiO, rrpOH3BO.li:HJIHCb TW:aTeJibHbie rrpHrOTOBJie-


@Zit
Kopo.\eBa H HapoA
~
lll~=============~.9!
IhHI, •uo6bi acpcpeKT 6biJI MaKCHMaJibHbiM. MaprnpyT
HaMe':IaJIC.H BHUe-rocpMeHCTepOM B KOHCYJibTaUHH C
KOpOJieBOH, rrpOBOtJ;HJIJICb IIOt~;p06Hbie IIHCbMCHllbiC
rreperosopbi c ropot~;aMH 11 t~;oMar-m, KOTOpbie EJIH3a-
BeTa HaMepesaJiacb rroceTHTb. KopoJiesa crreuHaJib-
HO fOTOBHJiaCb K OT'be3t~;y l1 rrepet~; HaMe':IeHHbiM BH-
3HTOM B KeHT B 1577 r. BepJIH H3Y'fHJI d1ncrreKumo
KeHTa~ JlaM6apt~;a, 'fT06bi paccKa3aTb EJIH3aBeTe o
MeCTHbiX OC06eHHOCT.HX, TaK ':ITO OHa MOrJia C03t~;aTb
BIIe':IaTJieHHe, 6yt~;TO XOpOliiO 3I-IaeT 3TY o6JiaCTb.
IIoe3t~;KH, ot~;HaKo, 6biJIH reorpacpii':IeCKH orpanH'fe-
Hbi: COCTO.HHHe t~;OpOr II CKOpOCTb, C KOTOpOH MOr
rrepet~;BIIraTbC.H tJ;BOp, He tJ;OIIYCKaJIII O'feHb tl;OJII'IIX
rryTernecTBIIH. EJIH3aneTa HIIKort~;a He 6biBaJia K 3a-
rrat~;y OT BpHCTOJI.H IIJIII K cesepy OT CTa¢¢opt~;a, II
IIJiaHIIpyeMbie BII3IITbl B MopK B 1562 II 1575 rr.
6biJIII OTMeHeHbl. 3a IICI<JIIO'fCHHeM tJ;JIHIIHbiX rryTe-
rneCTBHH B UeHTpaJibHbie rpa¢CTBa B 1565, 1572 l1
1575 11 rroe3t~;KH Ha 3arrat~; B 1574 rr. Em:r3aBeTa He-
H3MeHHO e3t~;HJia B rpa¢CTBa, OKpy)KaiOIIIHe JlOH,L(OH,
11 B BocTO'fHYIO AHrJIHIO. 0 Ba)KHbiX rroe3t~;I<ax IIm-
poKo C006lllaJIOCb rrpH IIOMOIIIH rre'faTHbiX OT'feTOB 0
uepCMOHH.HX, C Jll1'1Hb1Ml1 t~;eTaJI.HMH 0 C06CTBeHIIbiX
CJIOBaX l1 IIOCTYIII<aX KOpOJICBbi.
3a rrpet~;eJiaMH Ioro-socToi<a, ecJIH EJIH3aBeTy so-
o6me BHtJ;eJIH, TO TOJibi<O Ha IIOpTpeTaX, TI~aTeJibliO
KOHTpOJIHpyeMbiX 11 rnHpoKo pacrrpocTpaH.HeMbiX. B
1563 r. 6biJia narrHcaHa rrpoKJiaMaUH.H, 3arrpemaiO-
liiM pacrrpOCTpai-I.HTb IIOpTpeTbl KOpOJICBbl ,L(O TeX rrop,
IIOKa He 6yt~;eT HaiiHCaH IIOpTpeT-o6pa3eU, 'fT06bi I<O-
IIHpOBaTb ero. IIpoi<JiaMaumo ne rry6m1KoBaJIH, IIO
cymccTsonaJIH yTsep)KJlCHHhre sepcHH ee noJnpcTa,
I<OTOpbiH rnHpoi<o I<OIIHposaJic.H. Bee coxpaHHBnme-
C.H rropTpeTbi EJIH3aBCThi cooTBCTCTBYIOT OtJ:HOMY HJIH
9. 3an. 286


~ EAHJaBeTa I AHrAHHCKaSI
~
l'l~=====~jl!
,D.pyroMy .H3 ITOJIY,lJ.IO)KHHbi o6pa3L{OB Jll-IL{a 11 o6pa3-
llY ~nOpTpeTa .[{apHJIH~ npH6JIH3HTCJibHO 1575 r.,
KOTOpbiH IIpO,D.OJI)KaJI HCITOJib30BaTbCSI ,D.O cepe,D.HHbl
1590-x rr. B npomeHHH Ha r.roHonoJIHIO KoMnaHHSI
XY,D.O)KHHKOB 11 KpaCHTCJie~i ITO,D.aJia npOIIICHHC 06
orpaHMl.JCHHH Ha KOpOJICBCI<HC ITOpTpCTbl B 1575 11
1578 IT., 11 B 1581 r. 6biJia H3,D.aHa ~KHHra yKa30B>>.
XOTSI oqmu::uaJibHbiH KOHTpOJib 6biJI He CTpOr:UM, OH
6biJI ,D.OCTaTOtiHO :3cpcpeKT:UBHbiM, 11 na6JIIO,D.aJIHCb o6-
I.QHC MO.D.CJIH B pa3pa6oTKe nopTpeTa EJIH3aBeTbi.
Hatiima.H c 1579 r., MO)KCT, B CBSI3H c npoTeCTaHTC-
KHM .D.BH)Ken:ueM npoTHB 6paKa c AJiancoHOM, npo-
H3BO.D.CTBO ITOpTpCTOB npHHSIJIO aJIJieropHtiCCK:UH
CTMJib C CHMBOJI:UtiCCKHMH 11306pa)KCHHSIMH KatiCCTB
H u.apcTBeHHhiX ycTpeMJieHHH KopoJieBbi. KopoJieac-
KH:H ITOpTpeT nepeCTaJI 6b!Tb H306pa)KCHHCM 11 CTaJI
cpe.n.cTBOM nponaraH,D.bi.
Bepo.HTHO, K 1580-M ro.n.aM H3o6pa)KeHHSI Kopo-
JICBbi ITOJib30BaJIHCb orpOMHbiM CITpOCOM: 11 ITOMHMO
OITTOBOfO KOITHpOBaHHSI nopTpeTOB, Tenepb Y.D.OBJICT-
BOpSIJICSI cnpoc 11 HH3IIIHX CJIOCB naTpHOTHtiCCKOfO
pbmKa. Tai< )KC KaK npn.n.aopHbie EJIH3aBeTbi Haqa-
JIH HOCHTb KaMCH C H306pmKCHHCM KOpOJICBbl, yKpa-
IIICHIIbiC ,D.parOL{CHHbiMH KaMHSIMH, TaK 11 ee ITO,lJ.,lJ.aH-
HbiC no6e,D.Hee,MorJIM npH06peTaTb MC,lJ.aJibOHtiHKH 113
li.BCTHbiX MCTaJIJIOB H HOCHTb HX B 3HaK npe,D.aHHOC-
TH. B 1580-x CTaJI:U TaK)KC tiaiiJ.C ITOSIBJISI'fbCSI B KHH-
rax rpaaiOpbi c H3o6pa)KeHHeM EJIH3aBeTbi, a B cJie-
.ll,YIOIUCM ,lJ.CC>ITHJICT:UH rpaBMpOBaHHbiC ITOpTpCTbl CTa•
JIM rrpo.n.aaaTbCSI OT,D.eJibHO. Ho tiCM rn11pe pacnpoc-
TpaHSIJIHCb .H306pa)KCHUSI KOpOJICBbl, TCM He06XO,D.H-
MeC CTaHOBHJICSI KOHTpOJib. ilOXO)KC, tiTO npHMCpHO
D 1594 r. 6biJIO npMlUlTO ocpnu:n:aJibHOC pCIIICHHe, l.JTO
E.rHI3aBeTy CJie.n.yeT H3o6pa)KaTb aequo IOHOM, aepo-


~
Kopo.Aesa H HapoA
~
l'l'U..======A)TJil
.HTHO,
':IT06bi npe,nOTBpaTHTb Tpeaory 0 6y,nyll{eM.
XoT.H JIHI.(O co 3HaMeHHToro <!:IIOpTpeTa ]lH':IJIH~ CTa-
JIO o6pa3l(OM ,no KOHI.(a l(apCTBOBaHH.H, B KOITH.HX OHO
6biJIO OMOJio:>r<eno CM.Hr':leHHeM qepT. B 1596 r. TaH:-
HbiH COBeT npHKa3aJI o6napy)f(HTb H YHH~ITO)f(HTb Bee
HeiiO,nXO,nRll{He IIOpTpeTbi, 0 KOTOpbiX fOBOpHJIH, ':ITO
OHH OCKOp6HTeJibHbl ,nJIR KOpOJieBbi: IIOXO)f(e, ':ITO
l(eJibiO ::noro MeponpHRTHR 6biJIO yHH':ITO)f(eHHe H30-
6pa)f(eHH:R EJIH3aBeTbi Kai< CTapoH: )f(CHll{HHbi, H rpa-
BIOpbi, KOTOpbie noKa3biBaJm ee B03pacT, oqeaH,nHo,
6biJIH YHH':ITO)f(eHbl.
Te H3 no.n,naJ-IHbiX EJIH3aBeTbi, KTO ne Mor Ky-
nHTb ee H306pa)f(eHHe, MOfJIH, ITO MCHbilleH Mepe, Bbi-
Y':IHTb npoCTeHbKne 6aJIJia,n;bi, Bblpa)f(aiOmHe npe,nan-
HOCTb. oaJIJia,nbi 6biJIII KaK neoqml(naJibHbiM npona-
ran,nHCTCKIIM opy)f(HeM, TaK H B03MO)f(HOCTbiO ,nJIR
OT,neJibHbiX Jl.l1I.J; ny6JI.l1':1HO Bbipa3HTb IIeHHCM CBOIO
npe,nannocTb KopoJieae. CymecTBoaaJin 11 JIIo6oBI-Ibie
necn11 K EJIH3aBeTe, KaK cJie,nyiOil(aR 1559 r.:
CoKpymu npezpaabt, Eeccu,
CoKpymu npezpaabt, Eeccu,
H me6R 1lemepneJtuao JKay.
Cma1lemb MUJloii. zocno)K010
Tbl uaa meJlOM u aymoro,
Jly•tmeii. a u,eJtoM .Mupe 1te 1tauay.
(Ilepeno.n Jl. fpHropbRI-Ia)
ITo Mepe Toro KaK l(apcTaoaanHe npo,nom:ICaJIOCb,
llO.HBHJIHCb 6aJIJia,nbi B cpopMe fHMHOB C 6Jiaro,nap-
HOCTbiO Eory 3a npaaJieHHe EJIH3aBeTbi H ee .nocTH-
:>KeHHR: <!:MOJIHTBa, a TaK):lCe 6Jiaro,napHOCTb focno,ny
3a TO, ':ITO OH ,naJI HaM H xpaHHT Harny 6JiaropO,nHyiO
KopoJieay EJIH3aaezy, ':IT06bi ona HaMH npaBHJia..• npo-
neTb B 17 ,neHb HOR6pR 1577 f. , ,neHb BOCliieCTBH.H Ha


~ E;uf3aBeTa I AHr..unkKaH
~
lll~======~Jil
rrpecTOJI~. B 6oJiee rro3,n:HHe ro,n:bi TO)Ke rro.HBJI.HJIHCb
6aJIJia.l{bl, ITOCB.HII{eHHbie 3TOMY .l{HIO; 17 HO.H6p.H 1600
ITO.HBHJiaCb dJpeJieCTHM 6aJIJia,n:a 0 CaM OM 6JiafOCJIO-
BeHIIOM rrpou:BeTaiOmeM u:apcTBOBaHHH Ee Bem-~:qecT­
Ba Ha rrpoT.H)KeHHH copoKa ,n:Byx JieT, H Terrepb naqH-
uaeTC.H copOK TpeTHH, K BeJIHKOH pa,n:OCTH li yTerne-
HliiO Bcex BepHbiX rro.n:,n:aHHbiX Ee BeJIHqecTBa~
IlycKaume, cmapl{bt u J.tallb~bt,
B xoa 6apa6a1-lbt-6y6eH~bl,
IIycmb KaJKabtu He6o cJLaBum
3a mo, ttmo cmux TocnoaeH ZHe6
H llYttUWR U3 KopolleB
CezoaHR HaJ.m npaBum 4•
(IIepeBO.U JI. fpHrOpb.HHa)
HeCMOTp.H Ha HeBbiCOKOe KaqecTBO CTHXOB, 3TY
6aJIJia.n:y, rroxo)Ke, pacKyrraJIH xoporno: ee rreperreqa-
TaJIH, qT06bi OTrrpa3.l{HOBaTb 17 HO.H6p.H B 1601 II
1602 rr., H3MeHHB TOJibKO .n:aTbi. IIoxo)Ke, qTo aBTO-
pbi li li3.l{aTeJIH 6aJIJia,n: 3HaJIH CBOH pbiHOK li ITOHHMa-
JIH, Kor.n:a rroKyrraTb 6y.n:yT 6oJibllie. HarrpH)KeHHoe
rroJIO)KeHHe Bcer.n:a rropo)K,n:aJio Macey 6aJIJia.n:. B
1570 r., ITOCJie BOCCTaHHH CeBepHbiX rpa¢oB li rrarrc-
KOH 6yJIJibi 06 OTJiyqeHHH, ITOHBHJiaCb ~6oroyro,n:HaH
rreceHKa liJIII MOJIIITBa, KOTOpyiO Ha.l{O B03HOCliTb K
Eory sa coxpaHeHHe ero u:epKBII, Harne:H KopoJieBbi II
KOpOJieBCTBa, rrpOTliB BCeX rrpe,n:aTeJieH, MHTe)l(HliKOB
H rrarriiCTCKHX rrpHcrrernHHKOB~. B 1578 r., Kor.n:a EJIH-
saBeTy '-IYTb He y6HJIO CJiy'-laHHbiH BbiCTpeJIOM, <<HO-
BM 6,aJIJia.n:a, paccKa3biBaiOmM, KaK orracHo BbiCTpe-
JIHJIO py)Kbe rrpii .n:Bope~, c.n:eJiaJia .n:ocTOHHHeM r Jiac-
HOCTH Jie,n:eHHIUYIO .n:yrny liCTOpHIO. B 1586 r., KOr,n:a
pacKpbiJICH saroBop Ea6HHrToHa, rroHBHJiacb ~yro.n:­
HM Eory rreceHKa, KOTopyiO cJie,n:yeT rreTb .UJIH co-


ftl====K=o=p=o=A=e=sa=H=H=a=p=O=A==== lFJ
xpaHeHIUI caMoro seJIIIKOJiermoro rrpasJieHII51 Harne:M:
KOpOJICBbi~:
Jlycmb 'Ka)Kabtu eepubtu Eozy 6pumm
JipecmoJL Jl1o6oeb10 o3apum,
H a 1teM u,apum cezoaHJl
Jiw6uMuu,a FocnoauR 5•
( IIepeso.n: JI. fpHropb51Ha)
AHriiwraHaM BHyrnaJIII, t.ITO OHM cqacTJIIIBbi, so-
nepBbiX, TeM, t.ITO y IIIIX ecTh EIIII3aBeTa, a so-BTO-
pbrx, TeM, l.JTO Eor xpaHIIT IIX .n:pa)l(aHrnyiO. I1 KOHet.I-
HO, Ka)l(,UbiH yMeJIO OCBell.{eHHbiH Kpii3IIC IIOKa3biBaJI,
TaK fOCITO,Ub ITOMOfaJI COXpaHIITb IIX KOpOJieBy, l.JTO
no.n:Tsep)l(.n:aiio Ero oco6oe K HeM: 6JiarosoJieHIIe. O.n:-
HaKo K 1590-M rr. npiieMt.IIIKII II3MeHIIJIIICb. ,llo TOfO
6aJIJia,Ubi 06bil.JHO OCHOBbiBaJIIICb Ha peaJibHbiX C06bi-
TII51X II Bbipa)l(aJIII 6Jiaro.n:apHOCTb 3a BOUapeHIIe KO-
poJieBbi IIJIII 3a coxpaHerme ee 6e3onacHOCTII. Ho B
nocJie.n:Hee .n:ec51TIIJieTIIe, I< or.n:a BOHHa npo.n:oJI)l(aJiacb,
HaJIOfli CTaHOBIIJIIICb BCe T51)l(eJiee, UeHbi Ha npo.n:yK-
Tbl B3JieTCJIII BBepx, ypoBeHb )l(U3HII ynaJI, aBTOpbi
6aJIJia.n: CTaJIH npii6eraJIII K ~60JiblllOH mKII~. IIocpe-
.UII BOHHbi II pOCTa 6e,UHOCTII OHM npOCJiaBJI51JIII MIIp II
npOUBeTaHIIe ee uapCTBOBaHII51: ~Pa,UOCTIIa5.1 IIOBa51 6aJI-
Jia,Ua 0 TOM, KaK Harna KOpOJieBa OTIIpaBJI51eTC51 B nap-
JiaMeiiT, noKa3biBamma51 ee ca:r.10e cqacTJiusoe II npo-
l~BeTammee npaBJieime II BeJIIIKYIO OTBeTCTBei-IIIOCTb,
C KOTOpOH OHa ynpaBJI51eT CBOIIM HapO,UOM, COl.JIIHCII-
IIa51 B aTOM 1593 r. ~, ~HoBa51 T0p)l(CCTBYIOll~a51 6aJI-
Jia;~a B 'ICCTb KopoJieBcKoro BeJinqecTsa H ee naHc-
qacTJIHse:M:rnero npaBJieiiH51, KOTOpa51 uapCTBYCT B BC-
. JIHKOM npouneTamm TpH.n:UaTb ceMh JieT~ n ~ Top)l(ec-
.TBO AIIriiHH~, co.n:ep)l(aru:a51 pa3nbre H3 Tcx MHoro<IHc-
JreunMx 6JiarOCJIOBCIIIIH, KOTOpbiMH 6biJIO OTMe'!CIIO


~ E.1n13aseTa I AHrAJnicKaJI
~
l'l'U.=====A>T'"Jil
name KOpOJICBCTBO B npaBJICI-IMC HaiiiCH BC.IIHKO.Qyrn-
HCH111di KopoJICBbi>> ll 1595 r.
6 Bo Mnorr~x 6aJIJia.a:ax,
oco6em10 orry6mn<oBaHHbiX B Konue rrpaBJICmUI, rro.a:-
~JepKnBaJiacb 3a6oTa EJIH3aBCTbi o ee I-Iapo.a:c, MaTe-
pHHCKa51 OOCCIIOI<OCIIIIOCTb OJiafOCOCT051I-IHCM ee IIO.l(-
lJ:aiiHbiX w ocoucnHo 6e.a:HbiX. Ha6JHOAaJiacb yMbiiii-
JICHI-Ia51 norrbrrKa BbiCTaBHTb EJIH3aBeTy KaK KopoJie-
BY 6e.QH51KOB, 3all(HTHHUY TCX, KTO I-ICCCT OCHOBHYIO
norny B o6m:ecTBC. Kmiel.J:HO, 3TO 6biJIO yrrpaB.Tienne
npH IIOMOinH HJIJII03HH.
Ha rrpoT51)l{CHHH Bccro cBoero J~apcTBoBaHH51 Emi-
3aBeTa KYJibTHBHpoBaJia CB513b c rrpocTOHapo.r~beM, Ha-
McpemiO BbiCTaBJI5151 )l{CJiaHHC l1 CIIOCOOHOCTb 3a6o-
Tl1TbC51 0 CBOHX IIO.l(AaHIIbiX l1 06JnaTbC51 C HHMH. Bo
BpeM51 Koponaur~mmm1 rrpoueccr~r~ B 1559 r. ana IIbi-
TaJiacb ycTaHOBHTb 6JIH3KHC OTHOUICHH51 C rrpOCTbiMH
JIIO.l(bM11, 11 orry6JIHKOl3aHIIblH ocpHUHaJibHblH OT'-ICT 00
3TOM IIO/~'-ICpK11BaJI, KaK HMCI-IHO OHa IIp051BJI51Jia CBOIO
3a60Ty:
~c KaKoii na,ne)l{.a:oii 6e,nHhie r1 HY)i<.a:aiOmr~e­
ca Moryr )K.l(aTb ee me.a:po:H rroMOinH, ana, Kai< 11
Ha rrpoTmKeHHli BCeH rrpOUCCCH11, TaK 11 BbiCJiy-
llliiBa51 6e.a:I-IbiX .a:eTe:H B X p11CTOBoii 6oJibiHIIle c
rJia3aMH, o6pamemibiMH K He6ecaM, 6e3 o611H51-
KOB 06b51BHJia, '-ITO 6oraTbiC He .l(QJI)l{Hbl 3a6bJ-
BaTb o ny)I<,nax 6e.a:n51KOB, a o 6e.a:nocn1 MO)l{HO
.D:yMaTb /J:OJI)l(HbiM o6pa30M TOJibKO B TOM CJiy'-Iae,
I<Or.a:a o uel'1 ne 3a6bmaroT, Kai< Y'-IHJI Hac foc-
rro.a:b H3 CBOHX C06CTBCIUibiX yen·.
B xo.a:e rrpoueccr~11 oJ-Ia ocTai-IaBJIHBaJia Kapezy BC51-
KHH pa3, KOrAa 6e.a:mn< IIbiTaJIC51 rro.a:apnTb eil: J~BCTbi
11JI11 KUKYIO-IIHOYAb MCJIO'lb, 11 OHa BbiCJIYlllHBaJia
npocb6bi 6e.a:nbiX no Mepe npo.a:BH)l{CHmi. Kor.a:a cei<-


~
Kopo.11.esa H HapoA
~
l'l~ ==================== ~Jil
peTapb JloH.n:oneKoro ey.n:a no.n:aplVI eM: KOIIleJiei< e
1000 30JIOTbiX MapOK, OHa noo6emaJia, ~ITO 6yJJ;eT 3a-
60THTbeH 0 eBOeM Hapo.n:e:
~11 noKa Bbl npOC11Te MCHH, ~IT06bi H OeTaBa-
Jiaeb Ballleii .n:o6poM: roeno:>Koii 11 KopoJieBoM:, Bbi
MO:>KeTe 6biTb yBepeHbl, qTo H 6y.n:y TaK eTapaTb-
eH JJ;JIH Bae, KaK HHKaKaH KOpOJieBa HC eTapa-
Jiaeb. Y MeHH XBaTHT BOJIH n, H .ZJ:yMaiO, XBaTHT
BJiaeTH. l1 BepbTe MHe, qTQ JJ;JIH 6esonaenoeTH H
enOKOHeTBHH Bae Beex H He nO)KaJieiO, eeJIH HaJJ;O,
npOJIHTb eBOIO KpOBb. ,lla OT6Jiaro.n:apHT foenOJJ;b
Bae Beexl~ 7
8To Bee onbHHHJIO - 11 Hapo.n: 3TOMY BepHJI. Mo-
:>KeT 6oiTb, BepHJia 11 EJIH3aBeTa.
ToqHo TaK :>Ke BeJia ee6H KopoJieBa 11 B noes.n:Kax,
KOrJJ;a OHa HaMepeHHO XOTeJia B036yJJ;HTb JII060Bb eBO-
HX no.n:.n:aHHbiX npH nOMOlllH ny6mrqHbiX H liiHpOKO
peKJiaMHpyeMbiX .n:eifeTBHH. l1enaHeKHH noeOJI, KOTO-
pbiH eonpoBO:>KJJ;aJI ee B nyTeiileeTBHH no BepKII1Hpy B
1568 r., JJ;OKJiaJJ;biBaJI, qTQ KOpOJieDa HanpaBJIHJia eBOIO
KapeTy B eaMym rymy TOJinbi, BeTaBaJia 11 MaxaJia
pyKoif 11 6Jiaro.n:apHJia 3a TeiTJibiH npHeM: ~Ee npHHH-
MaJIH e BeJIHKHMH Bbipa:>KeHHHMH H npH3Hai<aMH pa-
JJ;OeTH, KaK npHHHTO B 3TOH eTpaHe; 3TO ee qpe3Bbi-
qaifHO paJJ;OBaJIO, H OHa ei<a3aJia MHe 06 3TOM, ,naBaH
nOHHTb, HaeKOJibKO ee nOJJ;JJ;aHHbie ee JII06HT~. EJIH3a-
BeTa eo06IUHJia noeJiy, qTQ ~OHa 06bHeHHeT Bee 3TO
qy.n:eeHOH DO:>KbeH MHJIOeTbiO~ 8 , HO Ha eaMOM .n:eJie
3TOT 3HTY3Ha3M 6biJI pesyJibTaTOM ee eo6eTBeiiHOH He-
yeTaHHOH pa6oTbi 11 pa6oTbi ee nponaraH.n:HeTOB. B
1572 r. B noes.n:Ke no 0Ke4Jop.n:II1HPY Em,rsaBeTa enpH-
TaJiaeb OT JJ;O:>K.D:H B aM6ape; TaM eTapyxa en eKa3aJia,
qTQ apeH,ZVIbie npaBa Ha MaJieHbi<YIO eeMeHHYIO cpep-


MY cKopo 3aKan"tniBaiOTC.H, H KopoJieBa .n:o6HJiacb, "liTO
ee CoBeT o6paTHJIC.H K 3eMJieBJia,n:eJibUY c npocb6oii
npo,n:JIHTb apen.n:y. HcTopH.H BCKope pacnpocTpaHH-
Jiacb - c noMOIUbiO CoBeTa. KopoJieBa cTapaJiacb,
"l!T06bi BCe JIIO.l{H, C KOTOpbiMH OHa BCTpe"l!aJIHCb, no-
"l!YBCTBOBaJIH CBOIO 3Ha"l!HTeJibHOCTb, KaK 6y,n:TO HMeH-
HO HM npHCYIUHC Ka"l!CCTBa 3aCTaBHJIH ee o6paTHTb Ha
HHX BHHMaHHe. X03.HCBa B yca,n:b6ax, Ky,n:a OHa 3ae3-
)l(aJia no ,n:opore, H M3pbr H ceKpeTapH ropo,n:oB, KOTO-
pbre ona noceruaJia, noJiy"l!aJIH KaKoii-HH6y,n:h MaJieHb-
KHH 3HaK BHHMaHH.H, H OT :''>TOfO OHM CBCTHJIHCb OT
rop,UOCTH - HCKOTOpa.H KOMneHCaUH.H, HeCOMHeHIIO,
3a pacxo,n:hr, Heo6xo,n:HMbie, "l!T06br .UOJI)I(HbiM o6pa-
30M npHH5ITb KopoHoBaHHYIO rocTbiO. KpoMe Toro, OHa
TaK ce6.H BeJia, KaK 6y,n:TO Ka)I(,UbiH ropo,n:, B KOTOpbiH
OHa 3ae3)1(aJia, 6biJI ee caMbiH JII06HMbiH BO Bceii AHr-
JIHH, H KOf,Ua OHa BbiC3)1(aJia H3 ropO,UCKHX BOpOT,
JIIO.UH nJiaKaJiu - TaK 6brJio B BycTepe B 1575 r., a B
HopH,n:)l(e B 1578 r. OHa cKa3aJia M3py: ~51 yHorny B
CBOM cep,n:ue TaKYIO ,n:o6pO)I(eJiaTeJibHOCTb, "liTO HHKOf,Ua
He 3a6y.uy HopH,U)I(:?. ~.llo cBH,n:aHH.H, HopH,U)I(:?, -
B
CJIC3aX BOCKJIHKHYJia OHa, Bbie3)1(a.H H3 ropo,n:a
9,
-
OHa yMeJia npOJIHBaTb CJie3bl KaK HHKTO B ee npocpco-
I03e, H OHa 6biJia He H3 TeX, KTO n03BOJI.HeT CBOeMy
TaJiaHTY norH6aTb.
EJIH3aBeTa CTapaJiacb npo,n:eMOHCTpHpOBaTb, KaK
OHa 3a60THTC.H 0 6e,UHbiX, IIpH nOMOIUH TIUaTeJibHO
cpe)I(HCCHpoBammii 6JiaroTBOpHTeJibHOCTH. Ee cJiy)l(-
6a no pa3,n:a"l!e MHJIOCTbiHH Ka)I(,UbiH ,n:eHb ,n:aBaJia no 5
neHCOB TpHHa,UUaTH 6e,n:H.HKaM y .l{BOpUOBbiX BOpoT;
npH6JIH3HTeJibHO 130 cpyHTOB pa3,UaBaJIOCb 6e,UH.HKaM
Ha llacxy, a TaK)I(e o6.H3aTeJibHbie no,n:apKii Ha CTpac-
TI-ioii He,n:eJie. KpoMe Toro, ona pa3,n:aBaJia B cpe,n:HeM
240 cpyHTOB B ro,n: CJiy"l!aHHbiM 6e,n:H.HKaM, OCOOeHHO B


R ===·=K=o=p=&=ke=B=a=H=·a=a:=p=·O=A====jfji
ITOe3,n:KaX - MO)KeT 6biTb, ITO'roMY M C06MpaJII1Cb rrpe.l(-
aHHbie TOJII1bl BOKpyr ee KapeTbi, l.!TO l.!aCTO rraXJIO
,n:eHbraMM. EJIM3aBeTa TaK)Ke ruJia Ha KOnTaKT c Hapo-
,n:oM M 6yKBaJibHO, rrpMKaCa5ICb K 60JibHbiM 30JIOTy-
XOM, <<KopoJieacKo:H: 6oJie3HbiO~, a Ha,Ue)K.n:e M3Jieqe-
HM5!. Bepo5ITHO, oHa Hal.!aJia 3TO ,n:eJiaTb B 1570-x rr.,
MO)KeT, l.!T06bi ITOKa3aTb, l.!TO HeCMOTp5! Ha rraiTCKOe
OTJiyqeHMe, OHa BCe )Ke Ha CaMOM ,n:eJie OCTaBaJiaCb
KOpOJieBOM. 0Ha Bbi6pOCMJia 113 u:epeMOHMM HCCKOJib·
KO TMIIMl.!HO KaTOJIMl.!CCKMX MOJIMTB, rrepeBeJia ee Ha
aHrJIMMCKMM, HO B OCHOBHOM coxpaHMJia CTapbiM o6·
p5I,n:. Bo3MO)KHO, OHa rrpMKacaJiacb K 6oJibHbiM Ha
Ya:H:TXOJIJie Ha llacxy M B rroe3,n:Kax; M3Becnm, l.!TO
OHa KacaJiaCb 6oJibHbiX 30Jioryxo:H:: B KeHMJibBOpTe B
1575 r. ,n:eB5!Tb, B 1596 .n:ec5!Tb, aHa CTpacTHyro I15IT·
HMU:Y B 1597 TpM,UU:aTb BOCCMb pa3. 0,n:HaKO 3TOT 06bi-
qaj:i He BCCM HpaBMJIC5!,' M B 1597 M B 1602 rr. 6biJIM
orry6JIMKOBaHbi KHMfM, B KOTOpbiX ee XBaJIMJIM M 3a-
lllMIU:aJIM 3TOT o6bil.!a:H: KaK 3HaK oo)KeCTBeHHoro o,n:o6-
peHM5! ee rrpaBJICHM5!.
3TO 6biJIM rrpaKTMl.!CCKMe rrpMCMbi, rrpM I10MOllll1
KOTOpbiX EJIM3aBeTa cTapaJiacb rrpo,n:eMOHCTpMpoBaTb
JII060Bb K CBOMM ITOMaHHbiM, M B3aMMHa5! JII060Bb
MC)K,Uy KOpOJICBOM M ee Hapo,n:OM 6biJia o6bi1.!HOM TC-
MOM B ee C06CTBCHHbiX peqax M B pa60TC ee MMM,U-
)KMCMKCpOB. IJOXO)Ke, OHa ,UCMCTBOBaJia Ha OCHOBe
rrpe,UITOJIO)KCHM5!, l.!TO CCJIM OHa 6y,n:eT ,UOCTaTOl.!HO l.!aCTO
xaacTaTbC5! caoe:H: rrpe,n:aHHOCTbiO Hapo,n:y, TO no no-
MY IIOBO.UY MO)KHO 6y,n:eT HMl.!ero He ,n:eJiaTb - M CCJII1
OHa 6y,n:eT rOBOpi1Tb CBOCMY Hapo,n:y ,UOCTaTOl.!HO qac~
TO 0 TOM, KaK OH JII06I1T ee, OH M B CaMOM ,UeJie ee
rroJiro6HT. TeMa JII065Ime:H: 3a6oTbi 6hiJia 3arrymeua Jiop-
.UOM-xpaHMTeReM D3KOHOM B rrepao:H: rrapJiaMeHTCKOH
p~1.:111 nocJie aouapeHM5!: KopoJieaa 6y,n:eT rrpaBMTb ne


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKaa
~
lll~=======A)T"jll
sroHcnrtmo, HO TaK, "liT06bi y,noaJieTaopHTb HY)KAbi
caoero Hapo,na - oHa 6biJia MOHapxHHeii, ~KoTopoii
HH"l!TO -
"liTO 3Ha"l!HT HH"liTO? - HH O,Z\Ha, HH O,Z\Ha
Bell{b HJIH ,neJIO llO,Z\ COJIHI~eM He 5IBJI5IJI0Cb TaKHM ,nO-
pOrHM, KaK cep,ne"l!HM mo6oab 11 pacnoJio)KeHHe ee
3HaTH 11 ee no,LVJ;aHHbiX~. B 1563 r. caMa EJIH3aaeTa
noo6emaJia 6biTb ~HacT05IIUe:i1: MaTepbiO~ AJI5I caoero
KopoJieacTaa; a 1589 r. oHa paccKa3biBaJia napJiaMen-
TCKoii ,neJiera~HH 0 CBOeH ~BeJIHKOH 11 HeH3MepHMOH,
3a6oTJIHBOH JII06BH K CBOHM JII065Ill{HM no,zmaHHbiM:
,na, OHa HX JII06HT 60Jibiiie, "l!eM ce65I, 60Jibiiie 0 HHX
3a6oTHTC5I, "l!eM JII06o:i1: 113 HHX 3a6oTHTC5I o ce6e~ 10 • B
1588 r. OHa fOBOpHJia JIOH,Z\OHCKOH TOJine: ~ Y BaC
MO)KeT 6biTb 6oJiee BeJIHKHH MOHapx, HO HHKOr,na -
6oJiee JII065IIUHH~, 11 a 1593 r. oHa Ha3biBaJia ce65I
caMbiM JII065Ill{HM MOHapXOM, KaKOfO aHrJIH"l!aHe KOr-
,na-JIH60 HMeJIH - C 6JiaroroBeHI-IbiM HCKJIIO"lleHHeM ee
C06CTBeHHOfO OT~a. fOBOpHJIH, "liTO B 1601 r. OHa CI<a-
3aJia, "liTO ~MO)KeT, y HHX 6y,neT 6oJiee My,npbiH MO-
Hapx, HO HHKOr,na He 6y,neT 6oJiee 3a60TJIHBOfO 11
JII065Imero, 1160 AJI5I Hee 6e3onacHoCTl> 11 C"llaCTI>e ee
,no6pbiX no,zmaHHbiX ,nopo)Ke 11 ~eHHee acero ocTaJib-
Horo Ha 3eMJie~ 11 •
IJocKOJibKY HMH npaBHJI TaKOH o6pa3el{ MOHap-
IIIHX ,no6po,neTeJieH, Hey,nHBHTeJibHO, "liTO aHrJIH"l!aHe
OTBetiaJIH EJIH3aBeTe TaKoii )Ke JII060Bl>IO - HJIH, no
KpaiiHeii Mepe, HM peryJI5IpHo coo6maJIH, "liTO OHH ee
JII065IT. Ha 3aKpbiTHH napJiaMeHTa B 1576 r. I<OpoJie-
aa 6biJia B aocTopre: ~5! ace eme BH)KY TOT yaepeH-
HbiH SHTY3Ha3M cpe,nH MOHX npe,naHHbiX no,n,naHJ-IbiX,
0 KOTOpOM OHH, K BeJIHKOH MOeH pa,nOCTH, 3a5IBJI5IJIH
B nepByiO O"l!epe_nb~. llepe3 ,neC5ITb JieT OHa ny6JIHtiHO
B036Jiaro,napHJia focno,na 3a aeJIHKoe -qy,no: ~OHo .ZJ:a)!{C
B TOM, "liTO I<aK 5I B30IIIJia Ha 'l'pOH 6JiafO.l{ap5I cep-


~
KopoAeBa H HapoA
~
l'l~=====~Jil
JJ:elJHOMY corJiacmo MOHX no,n:,n:aHHbiX, TaK 11 ceii:'-IaC,
,UBa,l(IlaTb BOCeMb JICT cnycni, 51 Ha6JIIO,UaiO ne MCllb-
rnyiO ,n:o6po)l(eJiaTeJJbHOCTb, 6e3 KOTopo:H SI ecm1 11
CMOry ,UbirnaTb, TO HC CMory Ha3BaTb 3TO )1(113llbiO~ 12 •
l1 BHe napJiaMCHTCK11X cTeii no.n:~~:mmbiM EJI113aBeTbi
HanOM11HaJIII 0 B3ai1MHOH JII06BI1 KOpOJieBbl II Hapo,n:a.
Ee pe'-Iv, o6pamei-IIIa.R K BOHCKaM B T:nJI6ep11 B 1588 r.,
no npaBy Ct.mTaeTCSI 3liaMeHMTOH:
«5I ncer.n:a nocrynaJia TaK, '-ITO, no BOJie foc-
no,n:a, ClJI1TaJia CBOCH r JiaBIIOH CMJIOI':f li 3all{I1TOll
BepHbiC cep.n:~a a pacnoJIO)I(einie MOI1X no,n:,n:aH-
HbiX; li BOT 5I np11rnJia K BaM 11 HaXmKyCb cpe,n::H
BaC, KaK Dbl B11,UHTe, B 3TO BpCMSI, He ,UJISI OT,UbiXa
li 3a6aBbi, 110 B perni1MOCTII, B ryme )l(apKOH 6:nT-
Bbi, )l(liTb li yMcpeTb cpe,n:11 BaC, H noBepniyTb
pa.n::n Moero Bora, :n Moero KopoJieBCTBa, 11 Moero
napo,n:a, CBOIO lJeCTb 11 KpOBb ,Ua)l(e BO npax~.
BbiCTyna.R nepe.n: oKc<Pop,n:cK:nMn cry.n:enTaMJI B
1592 r., mm Bocx:nmaJiaCb Mepo:H napo,n:Hoil npe,n:aH-
HOCTH, 3aCTaBJISI5:I CBOIO ay,n:nTOpliiO npUMTI1 I< BbiBO-
,n:y 1 lJTO OHU np11HUMaiOT ylJaCTI1e B KaKOM-TO '-IY,U.e,
HHCnOCJiaHHOM CBbirne:
«Barna JII060Bb KO MHe TaKoro po.n:a, o Ka-
KOM He 6biJIO lf3BeCTHO 11JII1 CJiblrnHO ,li.OHbJHe B
naMSITlf JIIO,UCKOH. Jlro6BI1 TaKOrO po,u.a He 11Cnbi-
TbiBaiOT pO,U11TeJin, ee ne 3HaiOT ,n:py3b.R 11JIU ,Ua)l(e
BJII06JieHIIbie, lJbe ClJaCTbe He BCer,n:a BKJIIOlJaeT
BepHOCTb, KaK Ylli1T onbiT. 3To TaKa.R JIIo6onh,
I<aKyio ne MoryT pa3pynmTb nn yroBOpbi, 1111 yr-
po3bi, Hn npoKJISITI1SI. BpeMSI Ha,n: Hen He BJiacT-
no. BpeM5I, KOTopoc pa3be,n:aeT )l(eJie3o 11 pa3py-
rnaeT CKaJibi, HC MO)I(CT yMeHbllliiTb 3TY Barny


~ E.1u1:JaBeTa I AHrAHHCKa.SI
it:::1®
lll~====~JI!
JII060Sb. J1MeHHO S 3TOM COCTOMT same CJiy)Ke-
HMe, M OI-10 TaKOfO po.n;a, l.!TO 5I .U.YMaiO, OHO 6biJIO
6hi set.:IHbiM, eCJIM 6hi MHe .n;aHO 6biJIO 6hiTb seq-
HOM» 13 •
3.n;ecb S M36biTKe neyMeCTHOe SbiCOKOMepHe, HO
BeCbMa MHOfO M IIOJIIITM"IeCKOH XMTpOCTM: OHa CKa3a-
rra CSOMM IlO,ll;,ll;aHIIbiM, l.!TO MX rrpe.n;aHI-IOCTb 6e3rpa-
HHt.:IHa, M 3THM XOT5I 6bi HallOJIOSMHY IIpM6JIM3MJia ee
K rrpas.n;e.
MonMTShi, 6anna.n;hi M pet.:IM peryn5IpHo coo6ma-
JIM aHrJIMHCI<OMY napo.n;y, KaK OH Ct.:IaCTJIMS M KaK
ycrrcrnno EJIM3aseTa MM yrrpasJI5IeT. rr pHseTCTSM5I'
IIpOII3HOCMMbie CeKpeTap5IMM Sa)KHbiX IIpOSMIIUMaJib-
HbiX ropo.n;os, KOTOphie oHa rrocemana, s6MsanM 3TH
MhiCJIM s ronosy. B KoseHTpM s 1565 r., s YopMKe s
1572, s BycTepe s 1575 qyscTsa 6biJIM CTOJih rroxo-
>I<M, CJIOSa BpeMeHaMM Te )Ke CaMbie, l.!TO eCTb OCHO-
saHH5I IIO,ll;03pesaTb, l.!TO cyll{eCTSOSaJI o6pa3eU pet.:IH,
BhiChiJiaeMbiH CoseToM HJIM rrepe.n;asaeMhiH .n;pyr .n;py-
ry cei<peTapcKoH: MacpneH:: Koponesa rrpasMT s Mnpe
H MHJIOCep,ll;HH, K IIeCt.:IaCTbiO, S ropo.n;e na6mo.n;aeTC5I
3I<OHOIVm"IeCKHi1 crra.n;, HO Terrepb rro5IsJiei-Ine Enn3a-
seTbi IIO,ll;IIHMaeT )KHTeJI5IM HaCTpOeHHe - ee SH3HT
«II rroKa3biBaeT, H rrpe.n;nemaeT HaM rrepeMeHhi OT na-
rnei1: Hey.n;a"II-IOH cy.n;h6bi K 6onee cqacTJIHsoMy H rrpo-
uneTaioll{eMy cocT05IHHIO». Ho r nasHoM: TeMoH: scer-
,u,a 6biJIH .n;ocTOHHCTsa n .n;ocTH)KeHH5I Emr3ascThi:
«Ecnn 6bi MHe rrpHlliJIOCb rrepe"IHCJI5ITh Mnoro"mc-
JICHlibie H HCI<JIIO"IHTeJibllbie .n;apbl IIpHpO,ll;bl H 6Jia-
ro.n;aTH, rrony"reHHhie BarneH: Koponesci<Oii oco6oi1 c
CaMbiX HC)KHbiX JieT, KOTOpbie pe.n;KO S Tai<OM )KC I<O-
TJMqCCTBC MO)KIIO HaHTH S MY)K'-IHHe, H ropa3,ll;O MC-
Hee s :>r<eHilUme, MIIe 6hrno 6br ropa3.n;o Tpy:n;IIee 3a-


~
KopoAeBa H HapoA
~
lll~=====~JI!
KOHliHTb, HC)I(CJIH Ha'-IaTb~ 14 . 3TH CJIOBa 6biJIH a,llpC-
COBaiibl KOpOJICBC, HO HaCTO.HIIJ;HMH CJiylllaTCJI.HMH
6biJIH rpa)l(,llaHe KoBeHTpH B 1565 r.: EJIH3aHeTa H
TaK 3HaJia, liTO OHa '-IY.llO
-
:no ee HapO,ll lla,llO 6biJIO
B 3TOM y6e,llHTb.
EJIH3aBeTa o6Jia,llaJia CHJibHbiM, rroliTH MHCTHliec-
KHM liYBCTBOM JililiHOH H,llCHTlfl.IHOCTH CO CBOHM Ha-
pO,llOM, OHa XBaCTaJiaCb HHOCTpaHI-IblM IIOCJiaM, KaK
ee IIO,ll,llaHHbie ee JII06.HT, H B JIHliHOH MOJIHTBC rrpH-
6JIH3HTeJibHO B 1579 r. OI-Ia B03HOCHJia 6JiafO,llap-
HOCTb 3a :no: ~JIIo6oBb Moero Hapo,lla oKa3aJiach
KpCIIKOH, H rrpOHCKH MOHX BparOB OKa3biBaiOTC.H TIIJ;CT·
HbiMH~. Ho EJIH3aBeTa I 6biJia peaJIHCT B rroJIHTHKe.
OI-Ia pe,llKO rroJiaraJiacb Ha cJiyliaif. Ona 3HaJia, liTO
:ny IIO,ll,llep)I(Ky J-IeJib3.H rrpHHHMaTb KaK ,llOJI)I(HOC,
Ha,llo 6biJIO pa6oTaTb, liT06bi ee coxpaHHTb. B 1599 r
oHa crrpocHJia y )l(eHbi ,ll)I(OHa XapHHrToHa, KaK e:H
y,llaCTC.H y,llep)l(aTb JII060Bb CBOero My)l(a; JIC,llH OTBC-
THJia, liTO OHa ,llOCTHraeT :noro CBOeif C06CTBeHHOj;i
JII060Bbl0 H IIOKOpHOCTbiO, :no y6e)l(,llaeT ero B ee
JII06BH, H TOr,lla OH OTBeliaeT eif TeM )l(e. EJIH3aBeTa
rrpH3HaJiaCb: ~ilpHMepHO TaKHM o6pa30M .H COXpa~
H.HIO paCIIOJIO)I(eHHC BCeX MOHX My)l(eH, MOCfO ,llO~
6poro Hapo,lla, H60, eCJIH 6bi OHH He MOfJill y6e,llHTb-
C.H B KaKOH-TO OC06oif K HHM .JII06BH, OHH He OTHOCH-
JIHCb 6bi KO MHe C TaKOH ,llOJICH IIOCJiylllaHH.H~ 15 • EJIH-
saBeTa ,ll06pOBOJibHO Bbi6paJia pOJib JII06.HIIJ;eif KOpO-
'
JieBbl, H OHa HrpaJia ee Ha IIpOT.H)I(CHHH BCero CBOCfO
l(apCTBOBaHH.H
-
HO 3TO 6biJia BCero JIHlllb pOJib.
KopoJieBa EJIH3aBeTa rro,llaBaJia ce6.H KaK JII06.HIIJ;yio
,lleBCTBCHHYIO MaTh, rrpe,llaHHYIO HHTepecaM ee ,lleTeif,
H 3Ta JII060Bb BCTpeliaJia TeiiJIYIO B3aHMHOCTb. 3TO
6biJI o6pa3, KOTOpbiH, IIOCJIC HeKOTOpbiX Tpy,llHOCTCH
BHaliaJie, KaK 6y,lHO 6biJI IIIHpOKO rrpH3HaH: aHrJIH-


~ EAH3aseTa I AHrAHiicKa.st
~
lll~===========~jl!
lfaHe IIOBepHJHI TOMy, "LITO HM rOBOpHJIH. Tpy,nnee
BCero 6biJIO rrperro,n;HeCTH ,neBCTBeHHYIO KOMilOHeH-
Ty: "LiaCTHl.JHO H3-3a o6mux rrpe.n;cTaBJieHHif o ecTec-
TBeHHbiX OTHOllleHH.RX Me)l(,ny MY)I(l.JHI-IOH H )l(eHIUH-
HOH, a l.JaCTIIlfHO H3-3a C06CTBeHHOrO IIOBe,neHH.R KO-
poJieBbi; B TelfeHHe HeCKOJibKHX JieT OHa B o6meM-TO
Cl.JHTaJiacb JII060BHHI~eH: ,lla,n;JIH. B 1560 H B 1561 r.
lllHpOKO, OT 3cceKCa .l(O ,lleBOHa, pacrrpOCTpaHHJIHCb
CJIYXH, "LITO I<OpOJieBa 6epeMeHHa OT ,lla,n;JIH, a KOr,na
)l(eHy ,lla.l(JIH HalllJIH MepTBOM B JlOH.l(OHe, BOKpyr
ropo.na H B ~eHTpaJibHbiX rpacpcTBax AHrJIHH He rrpe-
KpamaJIHCb paccKa3bi, "LITO OH oTpaBHJI ee rrpH rro-
nycTHTeJibCTBe EJIH3aBeTbi. 11crraHCKHH rrocoJI coo6-
ruaJI o Bceo6meM B03MymeHHH rroBe,neHueM KopoJie-
Bbi, KOTOpoe ClfHTaJIOCb He.l(OCTOHHbiM: ~Bee roBO-
p.RT, "LITO HM 6oJibllle He HY)I(Hbi )l(eHIUIUibi-rrpasu-
TeJibHH~bi H "LITO B JII06oif ,neHb OHa MO)I(eT OKa3aTb-
C.R B TIOpbMe BMeCTe CO CBOHM cpasopHTOM~ 16 • IJpo-
H30lllJia yTel.JKa HHcpOpMa~HH 0 .l(OrOBOpeHHOCTH C
<DHJIHIIIIOM IJ B 1561 r., 3TO COlfJIH CBH.l(eTeJibCTBOM
Toro, "LITO Emr3aBeTa :n ,lla,n;JIH corJiaCHbi rro)l(epTBO-
BaTb HCTHHHOH Bepoif pa,n;H CBOHX C06CTBeHHbiX IIJIOT-
CI<HX yTeX. B OCHOBHOM BHHOBHHKOM Cl.JHTaJIH ,lla,n-
JUI, 110 KpaifHeM Mepe B paifoHe JlOH.l(OHa, HO 3TH
CJIYXH IlJIOXO 0Tpa3HJIH0b Ha perryTa~HJf KOpOJieBbi,
IIOCKOJibKY H3 HHX CJie.l(OBaJIO, "LITO OHa BCero JIHlllb
HrpyniKa B pyKax CBoero B03JII06JieHHoro.
IIocJie 1561 r. HCTOpHH o He,nocTOHHOM ceKcy-
aJibHOM IlOBe,neHHH YTHXJIH, HO CJIYXH BpeM.R OT Bpe-
MeHH BCIIJibiBaJIH. B 1563 r. 6biJIH HerrpH.RTHOCTH y
o.nnoro "LieJioBeKa H3 CycpcpoJIKa H3-3a Toro, "LITO OH
cKa3aJI, 6y,n;To EJIH3aBeTa - ~HecHocHa.R )l(eHIUHHa~
na co.nep)l(aHHH y ,lla,n;JIH, H Kor.n;a OHa rrpHexaJia B
HncBH'l, ronop!-1:.TT:H, •no oHa BbirJI.R,neJia ~Tai<, 6y.n;To


~
KopoAesa H HapoA
~
l'l~==============~Jil
He.n;aBHO pO,li;HJia~ 17 • 110TOK TIO.l{06HbiX paCCKa30B pa3-
HeCC.R H B 1570-1572 rr.: B BocTot:IHo:H: AHrJIHH 11
KeHTe yTsep)l(.n;amr, t:ITO JlecTep H XarroH 6niJIH mo·
6oBHHKaMH KopoJieBbi, t:ITO y EJm3aBeTbi .n;soe .n;eTei1
OT JlecTepa H t:ITO KOpOJieBa - HHMcpOMaHKa, KOTO-
pa.R HHOr.n;a Ha6paCbiBaJiaCb Ha npH,li;BOpHbiX, KOTO-
pble ::nora BOBCe He XOTeJIH, H OTpy6aJia rOJIOBbl TeM 1
KTO, KaK HopcpoJIK, OTKa3biBaJic.R. Ho ::na KJieBeTa
BTIOCJie,l{CTBHH CTaJia pe,li;KOH, H 3TO 6biJIH OT,ll;eJibHbie
HaMeK11, a He BCe06Il(He CJIYX11. HaeMHbiH pa6ot:IHH B
MoJI.n;eHe, B 3cceKce, yTsep)l(.n;aJI B 1580 r., t:ITO y
KOpOJieBbl ,l{BOe ,l{eTeH, XOT.R B 1581 r. .n;pyroH t:IeJIO-
BeK .n;yMaJI, liTO .n;eTeii n.RTepo, H npe.n;noJiaraJI, liTO
KOpOJieBa JieTOM OTnpaBJI.RJiaCb nyTeiiieCTBOBaTb, t:ITO·
6bi po)l(aTb s.n;aJIH OT JloH.n;oHa. Ho ::no 6biJIH TOJibKO
e,l{HHHt:IHbie paCCKa3bl, B OTJI11t:IHe OT IIIHpOKO pac·
npOCTpaHeHHbiXCJIYXOB 1559-1561111570-1571 rr.
TiocJie 1572 r. cnJieTeH cTaJio MeHbiiie H o6pa3 Kopo-
JieBbi-.n;escTBeHHHU:bi, llOXO)l(e, CTaJI HeCKOJibKO HM-
llOHHpOBaTb. B 1568 r. EJIH3aBeTe 6biJia nocBHil(eHa
KHHra o 6paKe, HO B 1581 r. ToMac fieHTJIH nocs.R-
T11JI eH XBaJiy .n;eBCTBeHHOCT11 - OH Ha3biBaJI ee ~Be 1I­
HOH .n;escTBeHHHU:eil~, ee poJib - ~HacTo.Rme:H MaTe-
pH H 6JiaropO,li;HOH HHHH~ n:epKBH, a ee IIOJIO)l(eHHe -
~cynpyrH so XpHCTe~ 18 • C.n;aeTc.H, ~To ocpHU:HaJib-
HbiH o6pa3 EJIH3aBeTbl KaK .n;eBCTBeHHOH MaTepH CBO-
ero Hapo.n;a TaK)l(e B03biMeJI .n;eiicTBHe -
.n;a)l(e ecJI11
HeKOTOpbie BOCTip11HHMaJIH era CJIHliiKOM 6yKBaJib•
HO. B 1587 r. 6e3yMeu: no HMeHH Ma:HJic <l>pa:H, Ha-
3biBaBIIIHH ce6.R 3MMany::meM 11JianTareHeToM, yTsep-
)K,ll;aJI, 1ITO OH Cb!H fiora H KOpOJieBbi, B3.RTbiH y CBOeH
n:apCTBCHHOH MaTepH apxaureJIOM faBpHHJIOM H OT·
,l{aiUibiH Ha TIOlleliCHIIC MHCCHC <DpaH H3 3KCMHHCTe-
pa, JleBOH. }leHCTBHTCJ1hliO, K 1590-M rr. TCMa MaTe-


pH-,UCBCTBeHHHUbi 6biJia ,UOBe,UeHa ,UO ee JIOfH'leCKO-
ro 3aBepiiieHH5:1, n HeKOTOpbre rmcaTeJin He.n:sycMbrc-
JICHHO CB5:13biBaJin EJin3aBeTy c LJ:esoH: MapneH:. Ho
,Ua)Ke TOr,Ua He BCe XOTeJIH C'IHTaTb EJIH3aBeTy ,UeB-
CTBeHHOH MaTepbiO: ,UJI5:1 HeKOTOpbiX OHa 6biJia CeKC-
CHMBOJIOM arroxn. AcTpoJior Call:MoH <DopMaH 3arrn-
caJI B 1597 r. COH, 'ITO OH l1 EJIH3aBeTa ryJI5:1JIH BMeC-
Te B CeJibCKOH MeCTHOCTH; OHM CH,UeJIH TIO,U ,UepeBOM
II KOKeTHH'laJIH, l1 OH rrpe,UJIO)KHJI en ~C,UeJiaTb 3TOT
)KHBOTHK HeMHO)KKO 60JiblliC~, - HO, K CO)KaJieHHIO,
TYT OH rrpocHyJic5:1P 9
Tioxo)Ke, 'ITO o6pa3bi EJin3aBeTbr, KOTOpbre rrpe.n:-
.1IaraJIHCb Ha yposHe rrpocToro Hapo.n:a rropo.n:nmr Ha-
CT05:1IUYIO rrpe.n:aHHOCTb ell: - XOT5:1 HeJierKO pa3JIH-
IIHTb, 'ITO 6biJIO CTIOHTaHHO, a 'ITO cpe)KHCCHpOBaHO.
Bceo6runH: ::>HTY3Ha3M rro.n:Tsep)K.n:aJIC5:1 rrpa3.n:HoBaHn-
eM 17 H05:16p5:1 LJ:H5:I BCTyrrJieHH5:1 Ha rrpeCTOJI: TIOMHMO
ocpnunaJibHhiX .n:ell:cTB rrpn .n:sope speM5:1 OT speMeHn
rrpOBO,UHJIHCb rrpa3,UHeCTBa B ropo.n:ax l1 BeC5:1X ITO BCeH
CTpane. ,lleHb BCTYTIJieHH5:1 Ha rrpeCTOJI OTMe':laJIC5:1 KO-
JIOKOJibHbiM 3BOHOM B rrpHXO,UCKOH uepKBH JiaM6eTa
c 1567 r., sepo5:1THO, rrpn rroompennn apxnerrncKorra
TiapKepa. 3aTeM, TIO-BH,UHMOMy, rrpa3,UHeCTBO CTH-
XHHHO pacrrpOCTpaHHJIOCb Ha 17 I-I05:16p5:1 1570 r. KaK
Bbipa)KeHHC BepHOCTH TIOCJie narrCKOH 6yJIJibi 06 OT-
JIY"-IeliMH n o6Jier':leHH5:1 OT Toro, 'ITO rrpe.n:cr<a3aHH5:1,
6y.n:To EJIH3aBeTa He npoT5:1HeT .n:seua,a:uanr JieT, He
no.n:Tsep.n:nJIHCb. KoJIOKOJia 3BOHHJIH B uecKOJibr<Hx
uepKB5:1X, oco6eHno B 3arra.n:noH: AHrmm; B Or<ccpop.n:e
6biJIO rrpose,a:erro yqeHoe TOp)KeCTBennoe co6paune,
oprann3oBaHHOe BHUe-KanuJiepoM KynepoM - oqe-
sn.n:no, ::>TH ycHJIH5:1 cosce111 ue rrospe.n:HJIH ero r<apb-
epe, H OH TIOJIY'IHJI enapxmo B JIHIIKOJibHC qepe3
J..{Ua MCC5:1l{a.


~
KopoAeaa H HapoA
~
l'l~===========~jll
fopo,n:CKOH COBCT 0Kccpop,n:a HC 3aXOTeJI OTCTa-
BaTb OT ymmepCHTCTa H OTMCTliJI 17 H05I6p5I 1571 r.
I1pOI10Be.UbiO; B 1572 r. COCT05IJIHCb I1pOI10BC.Ub H JIH-
TyprH.H, a B 1573 r. rrpOITOBe,n:b, JIHTyprH5I JI cpe:iiep-
BepK. KeM6pH.U)l( TO)l(e rrpHcoe,n:HHHJIC.H, c KOJIOKOJih-
HhiM 3BOHOM B 6oJihiiiOH uepKBH CB. MapHH, c 1571 r.,
a B ,n:aJibHeHIIIeM BCe HOBbie H HOBbie rrpHXO.Ubi rrpH-
HHMaJIH yqaCTHe B rrpa3.UHOBaHHII - Hat.mHaJIH rrpH-
XO.Ubi Ha IQ)KHOM rro6epe)l(he JI Ha 3arra,n:e, a IOfO-BOC-
TOK OTCTaBaJI. O,n:HaKo He rrpoiiiJIO H rr.HTH-IIIeCTH JieT,
KaK rrpa3.UHOBaHHe pacrrpoCTpaHHJIOCb reorpacpHt.IeC-
KH H He orpaHH"llHBaJIOCb KOJIOKOJibHbiM 3BOHOM: M3p
JlHBeprryJI5I pacrrop5I.UHJIC5I HaC"lleT I<OCTpOB 17 H05I6-
p5I 15 76 r., a MHOrHe rrpHXO.Ubi opraHH30BaJIH TaHUbi
JI TIMBO, t.IT06bi OTMeTHTb 3TO C06biTHe. ilocJie rropa-
)l(eHH5I ApMa,n:bi B 1588 r. ocTaJIOCb MaJio pailoiiOB,
r.n:e ne yCTpaHBaJIH KaKoro-Jm6y,n:b rrpa3.UHHKa n .l(enh
KOpOJICBbi, a MHOrHe ropo,n:a yCTpaHBaJIH I1Hpbi, rrpo-
ITOBe.UH JI CBCTCKHe uepeMOHHJI.
Ho rroToM rocy.n:apcTBO B35IJIO ,n:eJio B CBOH pyKH.
B 1576 r. 17 no.H6p.H 6hiJIO .n:o6aBJieno K rrepet.IHIO
OcpHUHaJibHbiX rrpa3.UHHKOB anrJIIn<aHCKOH uepKBH H
H3,n:anhi crreuHaJibHbie Tpe6nHKH. Hapo,n:nhiH rrpa3,n:-
HHK rrpeBpaTHJIC5I Terrepb B rrporrarai-I,n:HCTCKOC Meporr-
pH5ITIIe. B 1576 r. MOJIHTBbi 6Jiaro.n:apHJIH Eora, noB
TO )l(e BpCM5I Harror-mHaJIH rrpHXO)KaHaM 0 .UOCTIDKC-
'
HH5IX uapCTBOBaim.H:
~o CB5ITbiH Eo)l(e, MHJiocep;~ne:M:IIIail OP-re,
KTO .UO cero .UH5I, ITOCJiaB TBOIO CJIY)l(HTeJibHHUY
H Haiiiy rocy,n:aphiHIO H MHJIOCTHBYIO KOpOJieBy
EJIH3aBeTy B KopoJreBCTBO, H36anHJI rrpe.n:anHhiH
Te6e anrJIHHCKHH I-Iapo.n: OT orracHOCTCH BOHHhi 11
rropa6omeHH5I, TeJia ocBo6o,n:HJI oT nrpamn-r, a .n:yx


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKajl
~
lll~======A>TJil
OT cyeBepmi, B03BpaTIIJI MHp Ji MCTMHHYIO peJIM-
fliiO IIpH CB06o,ne Ji TeJia Ji ,nyxa, Ji He OCTaBHJI
HaC CBOeiO MHJIOCTbiO, XOTJI Mbl 3TOfO Ji He 3aCJiy-
)KJiJIH, Terrepb Ha IIpOTJI)KeHHH 3THX BOCeMH~a­
Tli JieT•.• ~
B 1585 r. 3AMYHA BaHHH orry6JIHKOBaJI ~HeKo­
TOpbie MOJIHTBbi H ,npyrne yro,l(Hbie Bory o6p.H.l(bi ,l(JIJI
17 HO.H6p.H~ - e)KCfO,l(Hbie ypo)KaH 6aJIJia.zJ. li Harre~a­
TaHHblX rrpOIIOBe,l(eM, IIOCB.HllleHHblX ,l(HIO BOCIIIeCTBHJI
Ha rrpecToJI, B KOTopbiX YTBep)K,naJIOCb, ~To EJIH3aBe-
Ta BbiBeJia Hapo,n H3 TbMbl. B03MO)KH0, IIOIIbiTKa rrpe-
BpaTHTb napO,l(HbiM rrpa3,l(HHK B o6merocy,napCTBeH-
HbiM ,l(eHb MOJIHTB He y,naJiaCb: IIpHMe~aTeJibHO, ~TO li
o<Pm..{HaJibHbie MOJIHTBbi, II ~acTHa.H HHHUHaTHBa BaHHH
pacKyrraJiaCb II.TIOXO, a 17 HOa6p.H CTaJIO rrpOCTO IIOBO-
,AOM .AJIJI BbiiiHBKH. Ho .n;eHb BcTyrrJieHHJI Ha rrpecTOJI,
a B HeKOTOpbiX IIpHXO,AaX II rO,AOBillHHa KOpOHal.{HH,
CTaHOBHJIHCb IIOBO,AOM ,AJIJI HaCTO.HlllerO rrpa3,AHHKa.
B JIHBape 1595 r. uepKOBHbie cTapocTbi ~YHrcTOH
Marna~ B JlecTepiiiHpe Ja<PHKCHpoBaJIH: ~YrrJia~eHo
2 rreHCa 3a CBe~y B ,AeHb KOpOHal.{HII HaiiiCM MHJIOCTH-
BOM KopoJieBbi. ,l{a coxpaHHT focrro.n;b ee 3.AOPOBbe II
MHp, ~TO 6bi OHa uapCTBOBaJia Ha,A HaMil. ,l{a 6y,n;eT
TaK, aMHHb!~ 20
CymecTByeT Macca CBH.AeTeJibCTB rrpe.n;aHHOCTH
KOpOJieBbi II CO CTOpOHbi OT,AeJibHbiX JIIO,AeM, II CO CTO-
pOHbi o6mHH. Pa3o6Jia~eHHe peaJibHbiX HJIH rro.n;oJpe-
saeMbiX 3arOBOpOB 06bi~HO BCJIO K 3MOI.{IIOHaJibHbiM
BCIIJiecKaM rrpe.n;aHHOCTH. B 1583 r., rrocJie pacKpbi-
THJI JaroBopa TpoKMOpToHa, JIOH.AOHUbi cTaHOBHJIHCb
na KOJieHH Ha yJIHuax, Kor.n;a rrpoeJ)KaJia KopoJieBa,
B03,ZJ;aBa.H XBaJiy 3a TO, ~TO OHa He IIOCTPa,ZJ;aJia. B
1586 r., Kor.na noTeprreJI Hey.na~y 3arosop Ba6HHITO-


~
Kopo..usa H HapoA
~
l'l~ =========================== ~Jil
Ha, 3BOHHJIH l(epKOBHbie KOJIOKOJia, Ha y JIHI(aX :>KfJIM
KOCTpbi, Hrpa.Tia MY3biKa H TaHI(eBaJIH B 3HaK pa,n;oc-
TH. focy,ll;apCTBO HCIIOJib30BaJIO TaKHe 06CT05ITeJibCT-
Ba, B03HOCHJIO OcpHI(Ha.TibHbie MOJIHTBbi B 6JiafO,ll;ap-
HOCTb 3a H36aBJieHne I<OpOJieBbi OT OIIaCHOCTH - HO K
TOMY BpeMeHH 6e30IIaCHOCTb KOpOJieBbi OTO:>K,ll;eCTBJI5I-
JiaCb C 6e30JiaCHOCTbiO Hal(HH H tiYBCTBO 06Jier'!eHH5I
6biJIO uacT05III.J;HM. Co3,ll;aTeJm 6aJIJiaA TaK:>Ke rrpa3-
AHOBaJIH H36aBJieHHe KOpOJieBbi H HaKa3aHHe ee Bpa-
fOB. Ka3Hb yqacTHHKOB JaroBopa Ba6HniTona 6biJia
OTMel.J:eHa dlO,li;XOMII.J;eH HOBOH 6aJIJia,z:(OH, KOpOTKO
IIOBecrnyrom;eH 0 CMepTH H Ka3HH tieTbipHa,ll;l(aTH ca-
MbiX IIO,li;JibiX rrpe,ll;aTeJieH, KOTOpbiX rrpe,ll;aJIH CMepTH
B IIOJie JlHHKOJibH3 J1HH OKOJIO JlOH,li;OHa 20 H 21 CeH-
T5!6p5I 1586 r~:
Bocc;taebme H e6eca, nop.RdOttHbte Jl1odu,
lloc'KOAb'KY caM Focnodb He pa3peumA Hyde
llpedameAbcmeo caepwumb caoe u O'Ka.R7-lcmeo
H nozpy3umb· cmpauy e Kpoeaeoe mupaHcmeo.
(llepeBOA II. fpHropn5Ina)
CrryCT5I IIIeCTb MeC5Il(eB HOBbie rry6JIHKaUHH BKJIIO-
l.JaJIH ~0TJIH'IHYIO rrecenKy, COlJHHeHHYIO I<O BCeo6-
m;eii pa,li;OCTH IIO IIOBOAY Ka3HH IIIOTJiaH,li;CKOH KOpO-
JieBbi>,)21. ::ha Mpa'IHM rrpoAyi<UH5I, rro-BHAHMOMy, xo-
poiiio rrpo,ll;aBaJiaCb B JIOH,li;OHe, f,ll;e HOBOCTb 0 Ka3HH
MapnH 6biJia rrpHH5ITa rroJIO:>KI1TeJibHO; ropo:>KaHe yc-
TpOHJIH KOCTep IIO,ll; ,li;BepbiO cppa'Hl(y3CKOfO IIOCJia,
CMe5ICb Ha,z:( ero HeCIIOC06HOCTbiO rrpe,li;OTBpan:ITb Ka3Hb.
fop5ItiM rrpeAaHHOCTb, KOTopyiO OTAeJibHbie JIIOAH
HCIIblTbiBam:l K KOpOJieBe, l'-10fJia 6biTb Ql.IeHb 3MOUHO-
naJibHOH. B 1585 r. OAHH IOpHCT H3 CycceKca uarrH-
caJI Ha cpop3al(e ceMei1:uoi1: fiH6JIHH:


~.H rop5P-IO MOJIIO BCeMorymero Bora, qT06hi
OH TIOCJiaJI .lJ:OJiryiO, TipOU:BCTaiOII.(yiO If cqaCTJilf-
BYIO )Klf3Hb rr u:apCTBO narne:H .n:o6po:H KopoJieBe
EJirr3aBeTe rr qTo6hi On nocJiaJI HaM BCeM Mlf-
JIOCTb, qT06bi Mbl MOfJilf )l{lfTb B CTpaxe nepe,n:
HrrM KaK .n:o6pbie rr npe.n:anHbie no.n:.n:anHhie na-
rne:H BbiillCHa3BaHHOll MlfJIOCTlfBOll rocy,n:apbiHlf,
npaBlfTCJibHlfU:bl If KOpOJICBbi, If qT06bi Mbl BCC He
,n:O)KlfJilf .n:o Tex neqaJibHbiX .n:mi AnrJirrrr .n:ne:H,
KOTOpbie nacTymn, ecJirr focno,n:h 3a6epeT ee oT
Hac .n:o KOHU:a cBeTa. l1 nprr 3TOM, ecJirr 3a Harrm
rpexrr OH coKpaTrrT ee .n;Hrr, KaK OH coKpaTrrJI
,n:Hrr .n:o6poro Kopomi 3.n:yap.n:a, rr Bee )KC .n:apyeT
MHC MlfJIOCTb yMepeTb y ee HOr paHbillC Hee, If
qT06bi C KOHU:OM BCCX BCII.(Cll, KOTOpblll He,n:aJieK,
Mbl MOrJill CHOBa BOCKpeCHYTb K HOBOll Beqnoif
)l{lf3Hlf B HCCKQHqaeMOll pa,n:OCTlf If cqacTbe.
AMlfHb! AMlfHb!~
B 1589 r. cocKyqrrBrnrritc5I rnKOJibHlfK 113 BecTMlfH-
cTepa rrcnrrcaJI cBoii TCKCT 113 lOJirr5I Ue3ap5I: lfM5I
EJirr3aBeTa Be3,n:e, a Ha noJI5IX cTrrxrr:
II0Jl10 noaxoaRm u,eem'bt,
Jlucm'bR 3eJle1l'bte apeey,
BoJKe, AJ06u u xpaHu
CJtaB1lY10 KopoAeey 22
•
(IlepeBo.n: JI.fprrropb5IHa)
CTaJio Bceo6mrrM cMerneHrre naTprroTrrqecKrrx rr
peJilfflf03HbiX qyBCTB If, KaK B CJiyqae C IOpllCTOM 113
CycceKca, npe,n:aHHOCTb Eory, npe.n:aHHOCTb AHrJirrrr
If npe,n:aHHOCTb KOpOJICBC 065I3aTCJibHO coqeTaJilfCb. 3TO
5IBJI5IJIOCb pe3yJibTaTOM QqCHb pacnpOCTpaHCHHOrO o6-
pa3a KopoJieBbi KaK npoTecTaHTCKoii reporrnrr, cnacrr-


~=======K==o=p=o=A=e=Ba==H==H=a=p=O=A=======~
TeJibH11Ubi aHrJII1HCKOH peJII1fl111 11 3aiU11TH11Ubi 11CTI1H-
no:H aepbi. 3ror o6pas ne 6biJI oqmu11aJibHO cos.uau
,UJI.H KOpOJieBbi, HO OH 6biJI HaB.H3aH ei1: ee IIOMaHHbi-
M11-IIpOTCCTaHTaMI1. C caMoro HaliaJia rrpaBJieHI1.H rrpo-
recraHTbi rrpe,n:cTaBI1JII1 EJI113aBeTy KaK CBOIO KOpOJie-
BY B Ha,n:e)l(,n:e, liTO oua cpacrerc.H c 3TOH poJibiO. Bo
BpeM.H ee BOCIIIeCTBI1.H Ha rrpeCTOJI 6aJIJia,Ubi 11 )1(11Bbie
KapT11Hbi p11COBaJII1 ee KaK ~,lle6opy, CY.UbiO 11 BOCCTa-
HOBI1TeJibH11UY ,UOMa I1spa11JieBa~ 23 , 11 B 1563 r. B <<,lle-
.HHI1.HX 11 IIaM.HTHI1KaX~ ,ll)I(OHa Cl>OKCa paccKa3biBa-
JIOCb, KaK focrro.n;b sami1TI1JI ee ao apeMeHa Kpoaaao-
ro rrpaaJieHI1.H ee cecTpbi, liT06bi oua MOrJia aoccra-
HOBI1Tb 11CTI1HHYIO peJI11ri1IO. Oco6euuo B orracHbie
1580-e rr. Ha EJI113aBeTy CMOTpeJII1 KaK Ha OIIJIOT rrpo-
TeCTaHTI13Ma rrponm KaTOJII1lieCKI1X saroaopoa B Aur-
JII111 11 KaTOJII1lieCK11X apM11H B Eaporre; 6oJiee .uaa.uua-
TI1 IIpOTeCTaHTCKI1X KH11f 6biJII1 IIOCB.HIUeHbi KOpOJieBe
B 3TO ,UeC.HTI1JieTI1e, MH0fl1e 113 HI1X - TOMa aHTI1KaTO-
JII1lieCKOH IIOJieM11KI1.
Ho rrpo6JieMa c o6pasoM ~rrpoTeCTaHTCKOH repo-
mm~ saKJIIOliaJiacb B TOM, liTO EJI113aBeTa ue acer.ua
eMy cooTBeTCTBOBaJia. B 1561 r. rrpoTecTaHTbi 6hiJII1 B
y)l(ace, KOr,n:a Y3HaJII1 0 IIJiane IIOJIYlii1Tb 11CIIaHCKYIO
rro.u.uep)I(KY .UJI.H 6paKa c ,Ua.n;JII1 rryreM peJII1r1103HbiX
ycTyrroK, 11 EJI113aBeTe rroHa.n;o611JIOCb IIOliTI1 .uec.HTb
JieT, liT06bi aoccTaHOBI1Tb .uoaep11e rrpoTecTaHTOB. K
CliaCTbiO .UJI.H Hee, ceaepHoe aoccraHI1e 1569 r. 11 rrarr-
cKa.H 6yJIJia o6 OTJiyliemni cHoaa c,n:eJiaJII1 ee mo611-
M11Uei1 rrpoTecTaHTOB. ,Upyro:H Kp11311C B o6mecTBeH-
HbiX OTHOIIIeiii1.HX IIpOI130IIIeJI B 1579 r., KOr,n:a MaCKa
nporecTaHTCKOH repo11n11 cnoaa cnexaJia: pas,n:aJic.H
BCe06IU11H rpOMKHH IIpOTCCT, I<Or,n:a IIOXO:>Ke 6biJIO, liTO
EmisaaeTa Bbi:H.n;eT 3aMy:>K 3a AJiancmra, 11 6y.uyuxee
nporecTaJITCI<OH pCJI11ri111 CHOBa IIOKa3aJIOCb .COMHI1-


TeJihHhiM. BepmiTHO, rrpan.n.a, qTo Hapo,z:uiO:H: aruTa-
uue:H: ynpaBJHIJI JiecTep H ero IlOJIHTH-..IeCKHe COI03HH-
KH, HO IlO,llJtep)l(Ka 6hiJia MaCCOBOH. ~0TKpbiTHe 3H51-
IOW:eH nponacTH~ .l.l>KoHa CTa66ca 6biJIO CTOJih orrac-
HO HMeHHO rroTOMY, qTo OHO noKa3biBaJio, qTo EJIH3a-
neTa He COOTBeTCTByeT CBOCMY rrpOTeCTaHTCKOMY o6-
pa3y, u .nanaJio rrOHJITh, qTo oua JIHlllHTCJI rrpe.z:um-
uocTu CBOHX npOTeCTaHTCKHX IlOMaHHbiX, eCJIH BCe
TaK H OCTaHeTCJI. 1.JaCTHqHQ ::lTO 6hiJIO TOJibKO OTfO-
BOpKOH, Kor.n.a EJiu3aBeTa cnaJIHBaJia Ha cno:H: Hapo.z:t
OTKa3 DbiHTH 3aMy)l< 3a A.n:aHCOHa: B pelllaiOW:He MO-
MeHTbl OHa BbiHY)l(.z:J:ei-Ia 6hiJia HrpaTb rrpOTeCTaHTCKYIO
pOJih, XOTJI He OHa ee Bhi6paJia. 0Ha HC pelllaJiaCb
pa3pyliiHTb o6pa3, C03,ltaHHhiH ,ltJIJI Hee.
Y EJIM3aneThi naquHMHCh Henpu.HTHOCni, Koraa
ona He COOTBeTCTBOBaJia CBOeMy HeOcpHitHaJibHOMY o6-
pa3y rrpOTCCTaHTCKOH repOHHH - H 6biBaJIU TaK)l(C
Herrpli.HTHOCTH, KOr.z:ta OHa He COOTBCTCTBOBaJia CBOe-
MY ocpH~tHaJibHOMY o6pa3y - JII06.HW:CH MaTepu CBO-
HX ,ltCTCH. 3TO Orrpe.z:tCJICHHO OTHOCHTCJI K 1590-M rr.,
KOr.z:ta BOMHa, TJI)l(CJibiC HaJIOfl.I, IlJIOXOH ypO)KaH H
HapylllCHHC TOpfOBJIH COC,ltHHHJIHCb H rrpHBCJIH K ::lKO-
HOMHqeCKOMY Kpu3ucy. 3a.HnJieHne, qTo EJIH3aBeTa
rrpaBHJia B HHTepecax BCCX CBOHX IlOMaHHbiX H 6hiJia
3aW:HTHHIJ:CH 6e.z:tHhiX, Ha'-IaJIO OT,ltaBaTh rrycTOTOH, H
ee rrpanHTCJihCTBO pyrMH. B 1591 r. HaeMHhiH pa60T-
HHK 113 9CCCKCa fOBOpHJI, l.JTO JIIO,lt.HM HY)l(HQ MOJIHTb
Eora o KopoJie, rrocKOJihKY ~KopoJiena ncero JIHlllb
)KCHW:HHa, H CIO yrrpaBJIJICT 3HaTh, a H 3HaTh, H ,ltBO-
p.HHCTBO BCC 3aO,ltHO, H ,ltBOp.HHC H cpepMCpbl 6y.z:tyT
JJ.Cp)l(aTbCJI BMCCTC, TaK qTQ 6C,li.HJIKH HHqero JIC JIOJiy-
qaT~ - ~Mbl HHKOr.z:ta HC 6y.z:teM )!(11Th BCCCJIO, IlOKa
)!(JIB a Kopoiiena~. B cJie.z:tyiow:ci\1 ro.z:ty .z:tpyrm1 pa60T-
HHK H3 3cceKca ronopuJI, qTo ~::lTO nexopolllee rrpa-


~
KopoAesa H HapoA
~
~ ===================== A>T'"Jil
BHTeJibCTBO, TO, KaKOe y HaC cei:i:qac, a AHrJIH5I 6biJia
BeCeJIOH, KOr,l:{a rrpaBHTeJibCTBO 6biJIO JIYtiiiie, H ecJIH
KOpOJieBa yMpeT, TO HaCTYII5IT rrepeMeHbi~ 24 •
l1 B 3cceKce, H B KeHTe o6cy)I(AaJIH, He 6yAeT JIH
<l>HJIHrrrr II 6oJiee 3a6oTJIHBbiM rrpaBHTeJieM, tieM EJIH-
3aBeTa, H tiTO HCIIaHCKOe BTOp)l(ei-me He TaK y)l( IIJIO-
XO. ,l{a)l(e cpe,L{H He-KaTOJIHKOB CTaJIH BCIIOMHHaTb 0
rrpasJieHHH MapHH KaK o 30JIOTOM seKe. l1 B MHA-
JICeKce TO)I(e KpHTHKOBaJIH EJIH3asery: B 1591 r. iioMeH
~XOTeJI H )l(eJiaJI, tiT06bi OHa yMepJia~, a B 1592 r.
ABa MaTpoca rpoMKO pyraJIH ee rrpasJieHHe. B 1602 r.,
KOr,L{a KOHCTe6Jib rrpe.L{yrrpe.L{HJI HOMeHa, tiT06bi OH IIO.L{-
tfHH5IJIC5I KopoJiescKHM 3aKoHaM, OH ycJibiiiiaJI: ~llero
3TO pa.L{H Tbi MHe fOBOpHIIIb 0 KOpOJiese? .l{epbMO KO-
pOJieBa! ~ 25 •
B CTa¢¢opAIIIHpe cJiy)l(aiUHM rpa¢cTsa TPYAHO
6biJIO C06HpaTb HaJIOrH BOeHHOfO BpeMeiiH, H BbiCKa-
3biBaJIOCb rrpe3peHHe KOpOJieBe H ee 3ai<OHaM. llpH-
Mel:JaTeJibHO, tiTO CKaH,L{aJibHbie HCTOpHH 0 JII060BHbiX
CB5I35IX BCIIJibiJIH CHOBa. B 1591 r. cyrrpy)l(eCKa5I napa
B 3cceKCe fODOpHJia, tiTO y KOpOJieBbi 6biJIO HeCKOJib-
KO ,L{eTeH, HO tiTO JiecTep 3aTOJIKaJI HX BCeX B ,L{BOpl(O-
BYIO rretiHYIO Tpy6y H C)l(er 3a)KHBO. B
.l{opceTe B
1598 r. 3AyapA <Dp:=mcHc yTaep)K.[{aJI, l:JTO y EJIH3a-
BeTbi TpOe ,L{eTeH OT pa3HbiX apHCTOKpaTOB, H ,L{JI5I
AHrJIHH 6biJIO 6bi ropa3AO JIYtiiiie, ecJIH 6bi ee y6HJIH
,L{Ba,L{l(aTb JieT Ha3a,L{ H CTpaHOH 6bi rrpaBHJI KOpOJib.
B rrocJie,L{nlle rOAbi EJIH3aBeTa pacTep5IJia rrpeA-
aHHOCTb CBOHX IIOMaHHbiX. B
.iiytiiiieM CJiyqae Ha-
6JIIO,L{aJiaCb CHHCXO,L{HTeJibHa5I TepnHMOCTb K ,L{eHCTBH-
5IM CTapoi:i: )l(eHIUHHbi, np05IBJieHHH HCKpeHHeH JII06BH
6biJIO MaJio. CTaJIJI KpHTHKoBaTb rrpa3AHOBaHue ee ao-
u.apeHH5I, TaK KaK ace TPYAHee 6biJIO paccMaTpHBaTb
17 H05I6p5I 1558 r. KaK Tlp!1XO)l; HOBOfO Bei~~ M¥!pa H


R ===E=A=H=3=a=B=e=T=a=·=I=A=H=rA=H=H=CK=a=H===== JH
6Jiaro.n:eucTBIUI. Y:>Ke B 158il-r. apx11emiCKorry YI1T-
rl1qny rrp11mJiocb 3a:w:11:w:a TIFnpa3.UH11K B rrporroBe.U11,
a B 1601 r. ToMac XoJIJieu.n: orry6JII1KOBaJI 3a:W:11TY
rrpa3,UHI1Ka OT o6B11Hen11:H B 11.UOJiorroKJIOHCTBe. Ca-
Mbie rrepBbie 611orpacpb1 EJI113aBeTbi, KaM.n:en 11 KJiarr-
X3M, yKa3biBaiOT Ha CTpeMI1TeJibHO paCry:W:11M XOp Kp11-
TI1qeCK11X 3aMeqaHI1M B a.n:pec ee rrpaBJieHI1~ KaK CO
CTOpOHbl 3HaTI1, TaK 11 CO CTOpOHbl rrpOCTOfO Hapo.n:a,
II cppauuy3CK11M rrocJiaHHI1K cqiuaJI, qTO ~aurJII1qaue
HI1K0f,Ua 60Jibiiie CHOBa He IIO,Uq11H~TC~ rrpaBJieHI1IO
:>KCH:W:11Hbi~ 26 • KoJII1qecTBO JIIO.n:e:H rrp11 .n:Bope yMeHb-
III11JIOCb, 11 EJI113aBeTa oqeub 3JII1Jiacb ua rrpeue6pe-
:>KeHI1e co CTOpOHbi cBoe:H ap11CTOKpaTI111. KopoJieBa
60JibliiC He I10Jib30BaJiaCb Hepa3,UeJieHHOM rrpe,UaH-
HOCTbiO CBOI1X ITOMaHHbiX, KOTOpbie HaiiiJII1 HOBbiX
repoeB, rrp11 3TOM My:>Kqi1H. KoJIOKOJia 3BOHI1JII1 11 Mo-
JII1TBbi rrpo113HOCI1JII1Cb o rro.n:BI1rax rpacpa 3cceKca, II
B 1600 r. CoBeT BbiHY:>K.UeH 6biJI 3arrpeTI1Tb rpaB11po-
BaHI1e rropTpeToB 3cceKca 11 .n:pyr11x MarnaToB.
CaMOe rJiaBHOe, JIIO,UI1 CMOTpeJII1 B CTOpouy IlJoT-
JiaH,U1111. ~Ty.n:a 11,UeT MHOrO I111CeM, -
,UOKJia,UbiBaJI
)l:>KOH l.JeM6epJieH, -
II MHOfl1e 6eryT Ty,Ua ITO CBOe-
MY co6cTBeHHOMY :>KeJiaHI1IO, KaK 6y.n:TO caMoe rJiaB-
uoe - qeM CKopee, TeM Jiyqiiie, IIJII1 rrpO,UBI1:>KeHI1e B
rroJio:>KeHI111 ua.n:o 3acJiy:>KI1Tb rrp11CJIY:>KI1BaHI1eM~. C3p
,ll:>KOH Xap11HrTon, KpecTHbiM CbiH EJI113aBeTbi, :>KaJio-
BaJic~: ~5f BI1:>Ky, qTO HeKOTOpbie He .UyMaiOT 0 TOM,
qTo OHI1 CKOpO ITOTep~IOT, HO 0 TOM, KaKI1e B03MO:>K-
HOCTI1 y HI1X OTKpOIOTC~ ITOTOM~, HO OH TO:>Ke I1p11CO-
e,UI1H11JIC~ K 3TOMY rroToKy. Ha HoBbiM 1603 ro.n: on
rrocJiaJI .HKoBy VI cpouapb, yKpaiiieHHbiM cueuo:H pac-
rr~TI1~ co CJIOBaMI1 .n:o6poro pa36o:Hn11Ka ua KpecTe:
~lloM~Hli Men~. focrro.n:11, Kor.n:a rrp1111.Uelllb B UapcT-
BI1e TBoe~ 27 • HecMOTp~ ua To, qTo CMePni cTapo:H


~
Kopo11.esa H aapoA
~
lll'U..=============A>f"'Jil
KOpOJieBbl )Kl-J:aJIM CHeTeprrei-IMeM, KOf/l:a 06 3TOM 06'b-
.HBMJIM 25 MapTa 1603 f., B JlOH/l:OHC HaCTYIIMJIO IIOT-
p.HCeHHOe MoJiqanne: ona 6biJia KopoJieBoli copoK qe-
Tbipe rol-J:a, a nen3BecTnoro 6yl-l:ymero 6o.HJIMCb. Ho
l-J:eHb T.HHYJIC.H, MJIIO/l:H IIpHBbiKaJIM K MbiCJIM 0 MHpe
6e3 EJIM3aBeTbi, MMM 3TO /l:OBOJibHO-TaKM npaBMJIOCb.
BeqepOM 3a>KrJII1Cb KOCTpbi MKyqKM JIIOl-J:eH rrpa31J:HO-
BaJIM BOCIIIeCTBMe Ha rrpeCTOJI 5IKOBa: ~ Y HaC I<OpOJib!~
-
I<pnqaJIM JII01J:M 28 •
TIPI1MEqAHI15l I1 CHOCKI1
1. Neale J E 1979 Queen Elizabeth I. Panther edn,
p. 320
2. De Maisse A H 1931 A Journal of All That was
Accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse. Nonsuch
p. 110; Camden W 1675 A History of the Most
Renowned and Victorious Princess Elizabeth,
p. 555
3. Goodman G 1839 The Court of King ]ames the
First (2 vols). Bentley, vol. 1 p. 163
4. Firth C H 1909 The ballad history of the reigns
of the later Tudors, Transactions of the Royal
Historical Society. 3rd series, 3: 71, 95, 117-18
5. Wilson E C 1939 England's Eliza. Harvard,
pp. 13, 36; Firth C H 1909: 96
6. WilsonEC1939p.47
7. Nichols J 1823 The Progresses and Public Pro-
cessions of Queen Elizabeth (3 vols), Nichols,
vol. 1 pp. 59, 49
8. Calendar of State Papers 'Spanish, 1568-69,
pp. 50-1


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHikKaH
~
lll~================ ~Jil
9. Nichols J 1823 vol. 2 p. 166
10. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 Proceedings in the Par-
liaments of Elizabeth I, 1558-1581. Leicester,
pp. 36, 95; Neale J E 1597 Elizabeth I and her
Parliaments, 1584-1601. Cape, p. 213
11. Goodman G 1839 vol. 1 p. 163; Neale J E 1957
p. 426
12. Hartley T E (ed.) 1981 p. 472; Neale J E 1957
p. 117
13. Neale J E 1979 p. 302; Smith L B 1975 Eliza-
beth Tudor: portrait of a queen. Hutchinson, p.
67, translating Nichols J 1823 vol. 3 P. 147
14. Nichols J 1823 vol. I pp. 196, 314, 547, 193-4
15. Haugaard W P 1981 Elizabeth Tudor's Book of
Devotions, Sixteenth Century Journal 12: 99;
Harington J 1804 Nugae Antiquae (2 vols), Park
T (ed.). Vernon & Hood, vol. 1 p. 178
16. Calendar of State Papers Spanish, 1558-67,
p. 176
17. Wilson D 1981 Sweet Robin: a biography of
Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester. Hamilton, p.
115
18. Bentley T 1581 The Monument of Matrones, The
Epistle
19. Ellis H 1846 Original Letters, 3rd series (4 vols).
Bentley, vol. 4 pp. 61-3; Johnson P 1974 Eliza-
beth 1: a study in power and intellect. Weiden-
feld and Nicolson, p. 117
20. Clay W K (ed.) 1847 Liturgical Services. Par-
ker Society, pp. 556-7; Nichols J 1823 vol. 3
p. 369
21. Firth C H 1909: 93, 101
22. Hasler P W (ed.) 1981 The House of Commons,
1558-1603 (3 vols). History of Parliament
~


~
KopoAeBa 11 HapoA
~
l'l'U.======~Jii
Trust, val. 1 p. 474, Morris C 1976 The Tudors.
Severn House, p. 185
23. Nichols J 1823 val. 1 p. 53
24. Emrnison F C 1970 Elizabethan Life: disorder.
Essex County Council, pp. 57, 58
25. Jeaffrcson J C (ed.) 1886 Middlesex County
Records ( 4 vols). Middlesex County Record So-
ciety, val. 1 pp. 195, 204, 283
26.DeMaisscAH1931p.12
27. McClure N E (ed.) 1939 The Letters of John
Chamberlain (2 vols). American Philosophical
Society, val. 1 p. 189; Harington J 1804 val. 1
pp. 321, 326
.
28. Read E P. Read C ( eds) 1951 E Iizabeth of En-
gland: certain observations concerning the life
and reign of Queen Elizabeth by John Clap-
ham. Pennsylvania p. 104


3AKAIOqEHJ1E
EJII13aBeTa yMepJia Hemo611Moii 11 no1:1T11 HeonJia-
K11BaeMoii, 11 1:1aCT111:1HO OHa CaMa B 3TOM B11HOBaTa.
0Ha CTpeM11JiaCb ,li;OCT11fHYTb nonyJI.HpHOCT11 11 TIOJI11-
T111:1eCKOH Ha,ll;e)KHOCT11, TIO,ll;aBa.H ce6.H KaK Bel:IHO IOHYIO
11 Bel:IHO npeKpaCHYIO ,n;eBCTBeHHYIO MaTb CBOero Ha-
po,n;a, HecymyiO eMy M11p 11 npou:BeTaH11e; oHa 3aKoH-
1:111Jia CB011 ,li;H11 KaK HeCHOCHa.H CTapyxa, nocpe,n;11 BOH-
Hbl 11 npoBaJIOB 3a rpaH11I.J;eH 11 6e,n;HOCT11 11 paCKOJia B
cTpaHe. C 1558 .n;o 1588 rr. EJI113aBeTa ycnenmo o6-
pa6aTbiBaJia CB011X TIOJI11T11KOB 11 oqapOBbiBaJia CBOH
Hapo.n;. 0Ha c,n;eJiaJia ce6.H ueHTpOM TibiJIKoro o6o)Ka-
H11.H 11 cepbe3HOH BepHOCT11, IIIMpOKO pa3peKJiaM11pO-
BaHHbiM 11CT01:1H11KOM 11 rapaHT11eH Me)K,n;yHapO,li;HOH
6e3onacHOCT11 11 cTa611JibHOCT11 B rocy.n;apcTBe. Ho
npaBJieH11e npe,n;cTaBJI.HJIO co6oii Tp11.n;UaTb JieT 11JIJII0-
31111, 3a KOTOpbiM11 TIOCJie,li;OBaJI11 TI.HTHa,n;u;aTb JieT Kpy-
llleH11.H 11JIJII0311H. M11p c coce.n;.HM11 AHrJI1111 ycTyn11JI
MeCTO BOiiHe B H11.n;epJiaH,n;ax, BO <l>paHU1111, B 11p-
JiaH,n;1111, Ha no6epe)Kbe 11cnaH1111 11 Ha Mope - 11 6e3
KaK11X-JI116o np113HaKOB ycnernHoro 3aBeprneH11.H. BHyT-
peHH11ii M11p 11 BpeMeHaM11 HeJierKOe COTpy,n;H111:1eCTBO
KpynHbiX TIOJI11T11KOB B nep110,n; OT CMepT11 HopcpOJIKa
,li;O CMepT11 JleCTepa CMeH11JIOCb .HpOCTHOH cppaKI.J;110H-
HOH 6opb60H np11 ,li;BOpe 11 CB.H3aHHbiM11 C Hell KOH-
cp1I11KTaM11 BO MHOf11X CTpaHaX. 3KOI-lOM111:1eCKOe npo-


~ EJUf3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKajl
~
l'l~========~JI!
u;BeTamfe, KOTopoe perymipHbiMH xopornHMH ypo)Ka-
.SIMH rroKa3biBaJio DO)KbiO MHJIOCTb K 1IH3HI-IOH Anr-
JIHH, ycTyiTHJIO MeCTO TaKOMY )KC y)KaCaiOIIJ;eMy coqe-
TaHl110 BbiCOKHX u;eH Ha rrpO,l\OBOJibCTBHe, pOCTa CMCp-
THOCTH, TOproBOfO 3aCTO.Sl l1 o6IIJ;eCTBCHHOIT HeCTa6H:Jib-
HOCTH, I<aKoe ,nHCKpe,n;HTHpOBaJIO MapHIO T10,nop Bee
ITOCJie,lJ;I-IHe rD,IJ;bl.
Tio Mepe TOro KaK llillpHJiaCb rrporraCTb MC)K,lly
o6pa30M l1 peaJibHOCTbiO, pacrrpOCTpaH.SIJIOCb He.n:o-
BOJibCTBO, H:60 aHrJIH'IaHe HHKOr.n:a He JII06HJIH pe-
aJibHYIO EJIH3aBeTy - onH JII06HJIH o6pa3, KOTOpbiH
OHa C03JJ:aJia, 11 o6emaHH.SI, KOTOpbiC OHa ,naBaJra.
Kor,na BOCHHbie l1 SKOHOMH'ICCKHC 06CTO.SITeJibCTBa B
ro.l(bi rrocJie ApMa,n;bi oKa3aJIHCb TaKHMH TPY.l\HbiMH,
CTapbiH o6pa3 ITOTYCKHCJI l1 CTapbiC o6emaHH.SI OKa-
3aJIHCb rrycTbiMH. Ho He 6biJIO HOBOH Mo,neJIH Kopo-
JieBbi, HOBOfO B3fJI.SI,l\a Ha CC BKJia,n B 6JiarOCOCTO.SI-
HHC HaU:HH. B HOBOM )KeCTOKOM MHpe 1590-x EJIH3a-
BeTa oKa3aJiacb rroJIHTH'ICCKHM 6aHKpOTOM. E,n;HH-
CTBCHHbiM OTBeT, KOTOpbiM MOrJIH rrpe,n;JIO)KH:Tb OHa l1
6JIH3KHC K HeM, OCTaBaJIC.Sl <<TeM )Ke CaMbiM~. L{JI.SI ee
ITOJIHTH'IeCKOfO CTHJI.Sl STO 03Ha'!aJIO, 'ITO OHa BCe
6oJibrne ncrroJib30BaJia ,n;ypHoe HacTpoei-me KaK crro-
co6 yrrpaBJICHH.SI, "tlall{C He XOTeJia TpaTHTb .n:eHbfH
Ha HC06XO.lJ;l1MbiC ITOJIHTH'IeCKHC ,l\CMCTBH.Sl, BCe qame
ITOJiaraJiaCb Ha HCMHOfHX ITOJIHTHKOB, KOTOpbiM ,no-
BCp.SIJia l1 KOTOpbiX Harpa)K,l\aJia. L{JI.SI ee ITOJIHTH'IeC-
KOro o6pa3a 3TO 31-Ia'IHJIO BCe 60Jiee paCTO'IHTeJib-
HbiC ITOXBaJibl HCCyiiJ;eCTBYIOIIJ;HM Ka'IeCTBaM, BCe 6o-
Jiee HaT.SIHYTbie l1306pa)KeHH.Sl H,neaJIH3HpOBaHHOM Kpa-
caBHU:bi, BCe 6oJiee '!aCTbie ITOBTOpeHH.Sl CTapbiX JI0-
3YI-IfOB. MHp, B KoTopoM EJIH3aBeTa TaK CTapaTeJib-
uo ITOCTpOHJia CBOIO MOJJ:CJib )KeHCKOH MOHapXHH, l13-
MeHHJIC.Sl
-
HO EJIH3aEeTa )KHJia B cooTBeTCTBHH co
CBOHM JI03yHroM ~semper idem~ - <<Bcer.ua TO )J:<e
CaMOe~. 0Ha 6biJia npaBHTeJieM, OTCTaBlliHM OT CO-


~
3aKAIO'IeHHe
~
l'l~========~JI1
6biTHM -
«,naMa, KOTopyiO BpeM51 03a,ZJ;a"tJHJIO~, Kai<
3aMeTHJI P3JIH1•
TOJibKO B ABYX OTHOIIIeHH51X li3MeHHJIC51 CTHJib ee
npaBJieHIJ51 B nocJie,n;uue ro,n;hi. Bo-nepBbiX, OHa no3-
BOJIHJia c,n;eJiaTb ce651 3aJIO)KHJ1::I.\e:H cppaKI.\HH. Ha npo-
T51)KeHHH 60JibiiieM "tJaCTH CBOero npaBJieHH51 OHa Tibi-
TaJiaCb COXpaH51Tb paBHOBeCHe cpe,n;H COBeTHHKOB H
OCTaBJI51Jia OTKpbiTbiM Bbi6op TIOJIHTH'IeCKOM JIHHHH -
OHa ,ZJ;a)Ke O,ZJ;HOBpeMeHHO CJie,ZJ;OBaJia npOTHBOTIOJIO)K-
HbiM TaKTH"tJeCKHM CXeMaM. Ho B 1590-x ff. OHa CB51-
3aJia CBOIO cy,n;b6y CO CTOpOHHHKaMH CeCHJia - HJIH
6biJia HMH 3aXBa"'leHa: OHa npO.ZJ;BHfaJia HX COI03HHKOB
H B o6~eM npHHHMaJia HX TIOJIHTHKY. 3cceKC H ero
TIOCJie.ZJ;OBaTeJIH HMeJIH peaJibHbie npH"'IHHbi ,ZJ;JI51 He,ZJ;O-
BOJibCTBa, a TaK)Ke P3JIH H Ko6eM, nocJie Toro, KaK
oHM nopBaJIH c JiarepeM CecHJia. K 1597 r. y EJIH3a-
BeTbi OCTaJIC51 TaMHbiM COBeT BCero H3 O,ZJ;HHHa,ZJ;UaTH
"tJJieHOB, H l151Tepo H3 HHX 6biJIH CbiHOBb51MH npe,n;IIIeC-
TBYIO~HX COBeTHHKOB (H e~e O,ZJ;HH - naCbiHKOM).
CaMHM CBOHM KOHCepBaTH3MOM, CBOeM npe,n;aHHOCTbiO
CeMb51M CTapbiX CJIY)KHTeJieM H CBOHM He)KeJiaJIHeM c,n;e-
JiaTb HOBbie Ha3Ha"tJeHH51 KOpOJieBa CY3HJia OCHOBY
CBOeM TIOJIHTH'IeCKOM no.n,n;ep)KKH. TaKHM o6pa30M OHa
,ZJ;OBeJia rpynnHpOBKY 3cceKCa ,ZJ;O BOCCTaHH51 B 1601 f.,
KaK ,ZJ;OBeJia ceBepHbiX rpacpOB B 1569 f. TeM, "'ITO HC-
KJIIO"'IHJia HX. IJpoBaJI M51Te)Ka BO rJiaBe C 3cceKCOM
e~e 6oJihiiie ycHJIHJI KOHTpOJib Ha,n; He:H Po6epTa Ce-
CHJia: OH ynpaBJI51JI ee ,ZJ;BOpl.\OBbiMH pa3BJie"tJeHH51MH,
KaK H ee TIOJIHTHKOM - OH ,n;a)Ke IIbiTaJIC51 yKa3biBaTb
e:H, Kor,n;a JIO)KHTbC51 cnaTb.
Bo-BTOpbiX, EJIH3aBeTa cTaJia pe)Ke no51BJI51TbC51
na ny6JIHKe; B 1602 r. XapHHITOH omicaJI ee KaK
~,ZJ;aMy, KOTOpaH 3anepJiaCb B CBOHX TIOK051X OT CBOHX
no.n,n;aHHblX If 60JiblliHHCTBa CBOHX CJIYf H KOTOpyiO
pe,n;KO BH,ZJ;HO, pa3Be '-ITO 110 CB51TbiM npa3,ZJ;HHKaM~ 2 .
TipaB,n;a, ona CHOBa Bbie3)KaJia B Jienme noe3.ZJ;KH B


1599- 1602 rr., HO TOJibKO Ha KOpOTKIIe paCCT05IHI15I,
ne 3ae3)KaJia B ropo.n:a 11 He .n:eJiaJia HaCT05III~IIx nonbi-
TOK nOBCTpeqaTbC5I CO CBOHM HapO,UOM. CBOIIMH noc-
Jie,UHIIMII noe3.n:KaMH EJIII3aBeTa .n:oKa3biBaJia caMm1
ce6e, '1TO ona eme na 3TO cnoco6Ha .n:a)Ke 6oJibiiie,
q:eM .n:oKa3biBaJia CBOIIM no.n:.n:aHHbiM, 'l!TO ona nee eme
KopoJieBa. CHona nepenel.IaTbiBaJIIICb cTapbre 6aJIJia-
.Ubi KO ,UHIO BO:U:apeHII5I, a KapTIIHbl II rpaBIOpbi BOC-
npOII3BO,UIIJIII CTapbiH o6pa3 (MOJIO,UOH KOpOJieBbi),
HO caMa EJIII3aBeTa MaJio 3aHIIMaJiacb CBOIIMII co-
6cTBeHHbiMII OTHOIIIeHII5IMII C o6meCTBeHHOCTbiO. 0Ha
npOI13HeCJia CBOIO ~30JIOTYIO peqb~ npe,UCTaBIITeJI5IM
ITaiiaTbi 06mmr B 1601 r.
-
HO BTO 6brJia BbiHY)K-
.n:eHHa5I nonbiTKa BOCCTaHOBIITb ce65I B KaqeCTBe 3a-
60TJIIIB0f0 npaBIITeJI5I nocJie nopa)KeHII5I B nonpoce
no nOBO.UY MOHOnOJIIIH, II 3TH TeMbl, KaK II CaMa KO-
pOJieBa, 6biJIII onyCTOIIICHbl. C T0'1KII 3peHII5I npona-
raH,Ubl, EJIII3aBeTa He CMOrJia npe,UJIO)KIITb HII'1ero HO-
nora - OHa onpe.n:eJieHHO He co6IIpaJiacb BbiCTynaTb
B KaqeCTBe 6a6yiiiKII Ha:U:IIII. fpOMa,UHa5I nonyii5IpHOCTb
3cceKca u CIIMnann-I K KaM6epiieH.n:y 11 MayHT,ll)KOIO
OTpa)KaiOT Ha npOCTO nOIICKII HOBOfO rep05I, HO II He-
BbiCOKOe MHeHIIC 0 CTapOH repOIIHe.
ITp11 .n:nope 11 B rpacpcTnax cnona npo6y.UIIJIOCb
nOJIIITII'1eCKOe )KeHOHCHaBIICTHII'1eCTBO nepBbiX JieT
npaBJieHII5I. Ee.n:br npeMeHII 6biJIII npiiniicanbi npan-
Jienmo )KCHilliUibi. feHpii YoTTOH yTnep)K,UaJI: ~Ko­
poJieBa c.n:aeT -
.n:a:>rce no OTnomeHIIIO K ce6e caMoi1:
OIIa CTaHOBIITC5I BCe 6oJiee 06J1,Ul.IIIBOH II nO,U03piiTeJib-
HOH~, a 3cceKc )KaJIOBaJIC5I Ha ~3aT5I)KKII 11 HenocTo-
5IHCTBO~ npaBIITeJibCTBa, ~"'TO 5IBJI5ICTC5I pe3yJibTaTOM
noJia KOpOJieBbi~ 3 . 3TO o6b.HClieHIIe nOJIOBOH npliiia,U-
JIC)KHOCTbiO 6biJIO npiiBJICKaTeJibHO, TaK KaK CO,UCp-
)KaJIO B ce6e nOCbiJIKY, '1TO Bee 6y,UeT XOpOIIIO, KaK
TOJibKO cTapa5I .n:aMa yMpeT. ITpiiBJieKaTeJibiiOCTb IIIOT-
JiaH.n:cKoro KOp01I5I 5IKOBa 6biJia BO MHOfOM B TOM, '1TO


R ======3=a=K=A=IO='I=e=H=H=e===== l}}!
OH 6hiJI MY)Kqmm:i1:, XOT5I, B ,l(aHHOM cJiyqae, He Ha-
CTOJibKO MY:>I<qiiJ-Io:i1:, KaK MO:>I<Ho 6brJio na,l(e5ITbCJI. ITpn
,l(BOpe BO BCIO l13,l(eBaJII1Cb Ha,l( I<OpOJieBOll mrqHO: ee
cppe:i1:JII1Hbl 3JI06I-IO Ha,l( HeM Xl1Xl1KaJII1, lii-IOCTpaHIIbie
IIOCJibl ,l(OKJia,l(hiBaJili 0 ee CBOeo6pa3HOM IIOBe,l(eHI1l1,
11 )l:>I<on XapmirTOH, ee KpecTHhr:i1: ChiH, rriicaJI rrcpoM
ee rropTpeThi B o6pa3e r Jiyrro:i1: CTapyxii. 0Ha 6hrJia
:>I<eHllll1HO:i1:; ona orrpe.l(eJieHHO 6brJia CTapa, HO ecJIII
ORa Ka3aJiaCb r Jiyrro:i1:, TO TOJibKO ITO KOI-ITpacTy Me:>I<-
.l(y II,l(ee:i1: 11 pe'aJibHOCTbiO. EJIII3aBeTe He y.l(aJIOCh pa3-
pa60TaTb HOBYIO pOJib: IIOCTapeBIIIa5I aKTpiica ,l(eMCTBli-
TeJibHO BbrrJIJI,l(eJia r Jiyrro, rrpo.l(OJI:>I<aJI IIrpaTh poJib,
KOTOpa5I KOr,l(a-TO C,l(eJiaJia ee 3HaMeHI1TOM.
B rrocJie,l(HIIe ro.l(hi EJIII3aBeTa pa3,l(pa:>I<aJia 11 rrpii-
BO,l(IIJia B He.l(OyMeHIIe CBOliX Be.l(ylllliX IIO,l(qliHeHHbiX:
OHI1 ~B o6meM ycTaJili OT yrrpaBJieHI15I CTapyxii~ l1
XOTeJili KOpOJI5I. )l:>I<OH XapliHrTOH CMe5IJIC5I Ha,l( CBOe:i1:
KpeCTHOM MaTepbiO l1 C HeTeprreHIIeM :>I<,l(aJI 5JKOBa -
HO pa3ryJlbHbie rrpa3,l(HeCTBa B qeCTb Bl13l1Ta ,l(aTCKOfO
KopoJIJI KpiiCTIIaHa IV B 1606 r. y6e.l(IIJII1 ero, qTQ, B
KOHUe KOI-IUOB, CTapyiiiKa 6biJia HC Tal< Y:>I< IIJIOXa.
ITpa3,l(HOBaHI15I c 17 H05I6p5I 6brim rrepeHeceHbi Ha 24
MapTa, ,l(eHb BCTyrrJieHI15I Ha rrpecTOJI 5IKoBa. Ho, rrii-
caJI errliCKOII fy.l(MeH,
~IIOCJie IIeCKOJibi<liX JieT, KOf,l(a Mbl l1CI1biTaJII1,
qTo Tar<Oe IIIOTJiaH,l(CKoe rrpaBJietme, Tor,l(a - rrp11
rrpeHe6pe)KCHI1l1 K IIIOTJiaH,l(UaM l1 rrpH HeiiaBI1CTI1
l1 OTBpamermli K IIliM - Ka3aJIOCb, I<OpOJieBa
Q)KliJia. l1 TOf,l(a IIaM5ITb 0 Hei:i B03pOCJia: Tai<OM
KOJIOKOJibHbiM 3BOH, Tai<a5I BCeo6ma5I pa,l(OCTb l1
rrporroBe.l(II B rrOMIIHarme o neil, 11 Kapnma cc
rpo6rmuhr napiicoBana BO MHOrHx ueprmax; 11 rra
CaMOM ,l(eJie BCe 60JICe TOp)KeCTBeHHO l1 pa,l(OCTHO
B ,l(ellb ee KOpOHaUl·lli, '-IeM B ,l(eHb rrpHXO,l(a I<Op0-
JI5I 5lr<oBa~ 4.
10. 3aK. 286


B .n:e:lkTBIITeJibHOCTII 3TO 6hiJIO He'!TO 6oJibiiiee,
l.J:eM npa)l(,n:e6HOCTb K IIIOTJiaH,liJJ:aM. Emr3aBeTa Tro-
.n:op 6biCTpo rrpeapaniJiacb B rraJIKY, KOTopoii: 6IIJIII
IIIOTJiaH,n:u.ea, cHal.IaJia .HKoBa, a rroTOM KapJia.
<DyJIK r peBIIJIJI' 6biBIIIllll .upyr <DIIJilii.IIIa Cli,UHll
li CTOpOHHI1K 3cceKCa, BCKOpe rrpe,UCTaBIIJI aHaJIII3 yc-
rrexa EJIII3aBeTbi, KOTOpblll 6hiJI 3aiiiiicppoBaHHbiM KOM-
MeHTapiieM K He,UOCTaTKaM nepBbiX JieT rrpaBJieHII5I
.HKona
5. IT pii6JIII3.H:TeJibHO K 1610 r. fpeBIIJIJI XBaJIIIJI
Te Ka'!eCTBa EJIII3aBeTbi, KOTOpbie rrpH )l(li3HH Ka3a-
JiliCb He,n:ocTaTKaMII - ee 6epe)KJIHBOCTb, ee He)KeJia-
HIIe C03,UaBaTb HOBbiX II3pOB. Ee O,l!;eJIII B O,Ue)K,Ubl,
KOTOpbie OHa CaMa Bp5I,U Jill Y3HaJia 6bi, '!T06bi OHa
cJiy)I(IIJia o6pa3U.OM .Ullil cnoero rrpeeMHIIKa: .H:,n:eaJIIICT-
Ka, )KeJiaiOIUa5I IIOCTaBIITb peJillfliiO Ha rrepBOe MeCTO,
o6pa3el( aKTliBHOfO ,n:e5ITeJI5I, npoTeCTaHTCKa5I BHeiii-
IDI5I noJIIITIIKa. B Herrocpe,n:cTBeHHOM cpaBHeHIIH c
5JKOBOM ee XBa.7Il1Jill 3a TO, 'iero OHa He ,n:eJiaJia - OHa
He liCKaJia rrpeu.e,n:eHTOB, tiT06bi paCIIIllpliTb CBOH IIpli-
BIIJieriUI: OHa He rrpOBOI.J.llpOBaJia rrapJia.MeHT Ha 3a-
IUIITY CBOIIX CBOOO,n:; OHa He H306peTaJia rHeTyiUIIX
qmHaHCODhiX yJIOBOK; OHa He rrpe.n:ocTaamiJia cpano-
piiTaM He3aBI1CliMOCTH; OHa He ycTpaiiiaJia CeHaTOpOB
TBep,UbiMll 3a5IBJieHIUIMll 0 CBOeH C06CTBeHHOH II03li-
I.J.Hll. Koe-'!TO B 3Toi1: KapTIIHe 6hiJIO BepHo, Koe-'!TO
6biJIO rpy6hiM J.ICKa)KeHIIeM - HO 60Jibiiiell '!aCTbiO
3TO 6hiJIO 3epKaJibiioe orpa)KeHIIe 5IKoBa, a He rropT-
peT EJIII3aBeTbi. CoJ,n:aBaJic5I HOBbiH o6pa3 EJHBaBe-
Tbi KaK HHCTpyMeHT IIOJIHTliKH CTIOapTOB nepBbiX JieT.
KpaTKI!:H O'iepK <Dym<a fpeBnJIJia o KopoJieBe .n:o-
IIOJIIU1JI ,n:eTaJI5IMII II co.n:ep)KaniieM BIIJib5IM KaMnen,
'!b5I HCTOpli5I ee uapCTBOBaHI15I 6bTJia HaiiiiCaHa Me)KJI:Y
1608 II 1617 rr. TeMbi BO r.moroM ocTaBaJIIICb Te ){(e
CaMb!C: EJII13aBeTa - o6pa3Cll. COOTBeTCTBli5I KOHCTU-
TYHHH, clnmaHCOBOH '!CCTHOCTII II rrpoTecTaHTCKoii
3Hepnm. TiepBhre TPH l.JaCTH ~AmraJIOB» KaMneua


R ======3=a=K=A=IO=ti=e=H=H=e====== JR
6biJIH ony6JIHKOBaHbl Ha JiaTbiHH B 1615 r. H Ha aH-
fJIHHCKOM B 1625: B HHX IIOKa3aHO, liTO EJIH3aBeTa
peiiiHTeJibHO CTpeMHJiaCb K liHCTOTe peJIHfHH, HaUHO-
HaJibHOH 6e30TiaCHOCTH H 3KOHOM.HqecKOMY IIpOUBeTa-
HHIO - OHa TpanfJia .n;eHbfH Ha o6opoHy H COI03HH-
KOB, a He Ha ¢aBOpHTOB. qeTBepTCUI KHHra 3TOf0 Tpy-
.n;a, ony6JIHKOBaHHa51 Ha JiaTblHH B 1625 r. H Ha aH-
fJIHHCKOM B 1629 r., paCCMaTpHBaJia nepHOA OT 1588
.n;o 1601 r.: c.n;eJiaB y.n;apenHe Ha cyxorryrHbiX H Mopc-
KHX BOeHHbiX ycrrexax npOTHB Y.ICllaHHH, OHa TIOKa3a-
Jia KOHTpaCT 6e33y6oif H He3¢¢eKTHBHOH BHeiiiHeH
IIOJIHTHKH Cnoaproa. "lJTo6bi cpaaHeHHe 6biJIO ncno
BCeM, aHrJIHHCKoe H3AaHHe 1625 r. BbllliJIO C HJIJIIOC-
Tp.HpOBaHHbiM THT)'JibHblM JIHCTOM, TIOKa3biBaiOIUIIM
MopcKyiO CJiaay EJIHJaBeTI>I: Han<J..neHHe ,llpeii:Ka Ha
Ka.n;Hc B 1587 r., no6e.n;y Ha.n; ApMa.n;oH: 1588 r. H
co)K)KeHHe KeM6epJieH,li;OM CaH-XyaHa B IIy3pTo-PHKO
B 1591 r., a TaKJKe 3Kcn~HUHIO B Ka.n;Hc B 1596.
EJIH3aBeTa, Kpa:HHe He pacnoJio)KeHHcm K 6oeBbiM .n;eii-
CTBH$.1M, Tenepb CTaJia npoTeCTaHTCKOH repOHHeH, HC-
IIOJib3YIOIUeH MOpCKoe BJia,ll;bJqeCTBO AHrJIHH, 1JT06bi
nocTaBHTh Ha MecTo KaTOJIHqecKyiO HcnaHHIO - KaK
pa3 3TOrO XOTeJIH OT CTIOapTOB.
KaM.n;eH, KaK H fpeBHJIJI, noKa3biBaJI EJIHsaae-
Ty yMeJibiM TaKTHKOM BO BHyTpeHHeH TIOJIHTHKe,
CTapaiOIUHMCSI c.n;ep)KaTb ¢paKUHOHHYIO 6opb6y npH
.n;aope. K 1630-M rr• .n;pyro:H 6biBIIIHH npHcnernHHK
3cceKca, Po6epT HoHTOH, yaH.n;eJI B MaHHTIYJIHpo-
BaHHH ¢paKUH.SIMH KJIIOq K ee IIOJIHTHqecKOMY yc-
nexy. OH oTpHUaJI, liTO EJIH3aBeTa npe.n;ocTaBHJia
JlecTepy cao6o.zzy .n;e:HcTBHH, H yTaep)K.n;aJI, liTO, co-
s.n:aaa.SI ¢paKUHH H y.n;ep)KHBa.SI HX B paBHOBeCHH,
OHa .n;ep)KaJia OTKpbiTbiMH KOMMYHHKaUHOHHbie Ka-
HaJibi H pyKOBOAHJia npaBHTeJibCTBOM Ha rnHpoKoH
ocHoae. Orr.SITb aepcH.SI rrpaBJieHH.SI EJIH3aBeTbi 6biJia
IIOCTpoena KaK aHTHTe3HC K IIOJIHTHI<e CTIOapTOB:
to•


@Zit
E.IUf3aBeTa I AHr,unicKaH
~
lit~=-======~Jil
Emi3aBeTa ne pa3pernaJia KaKHM-I-m:6y,n:b D3KHHre-
MaM MOHOITOJIH3HpOBaTb ITOKpOBMTCJibCTBO H ITO~H­
THKY, H OHa HC OI<a3biBaJiaCb B H30J15IU:HH OT rrpOTH-
BOIIOJIQ)I<HbiX MHCI-IHH. Y HOI-ITOHa I<OpOJICBa TO)KC
3a6oTHJiacb o caoHx rro,n:,n:aHHbiX, o6JiaraJia HX Jier-
KHMH HaJioraMH H ITOCB5ITHJia ce65I yqpe)l<:,l{CHHIO H
3aiUHTe rrpoTecTaHTCKOH peJIHfHH. L(JI5I Hm-ITona H
,l{JI5I c3pa L()I<OHa 3JIHOTa EJIH3aBeTa 6biJia aceM,
tiCM ne 6biJI KapJI I -
rrorryJI5IpHbiM MOHapxoM,
,n:pyrOM rrapJiaMCHTa H 3aiUHTHHKOM MC)I(,l{yHapo,n:-
HOfO rrpOTCCTaHTH3Ma.
B 1603 r. EJIH3aBeTa Ka3aJiacb r Jiyrro:H cTapy-
xo:H, a MY)I(tiUHbi c HeTeprreHHeM O)I(H,l{aJIH KopoJI5I
H3 po,n:a CTmapToB. K 1630 r., Kor,n:a KopoJIH Cno-
apTbi OKa3aJIHCb ,l{OBOJibHO KpyDHbiM pa30tiapOBaHH-
eM, OHa cTaJia o6pa3U:OM acex MOHaprnHx ,n:o6po,n:eTe-
Jiei1: -
rrpHHU:HITHaJibHOH, B OTJIHtiHe OT 5JKOBa, H
My,n:po:H, B OTJIHtiHe OT KapJia. Ho rrepcrreKTHBa B
1630 r. 6biJia He 6oJiee 6e3pa,n:ocTHoif, tieM rrepcrreK-
THBa B 1603: EJIH3aBeTa HaCTOJibKO )l(e 6biJia npo-
TecTaHTCKoif repOHHeH, HaCKOJibKO H pa3,n:pa)KHTeJib-
I-IOH cTapyrnenu:Heif. EJIH3aBeTa 6biJia rrpoTecTaHTKoif,
HO He XOTCJia qepecqyp CTapaTbC5I ITO 3TOMY ITOBO,n:y.
0Ha CM5IftiHJia CBOH HaMepeHH5I B 1559 r., KOf,n:a
CTOJII<HyJiaCb C apHCTOKpaTHtieCKOH OITIT03HU:HeH B
I1aJiaTe Jlop,n:OB H Hapo,n:HOH OITIT03HU:Heif B npHXO-
,n:ax. 0Ha CODpOTHBJI5IJiaCb BCeM ,n:aJibHeHIIIHM TIOITbiT-
KaM y ,n:aJIHTb naTIHCTCKHe He,l{OCTaTKH H3 aHrJIHI<aHC-
KOH u:epKBH H MHOfHM ycHJIH5IM rro,n:aepraTb KaTOJIH-
KOB naKa3aHmo. CaMoe rJiaBHOe, oHa OTKa3biBaJiacb
rrpOBO,l{HTb BHCIIIHIOIO TIOJIHTHKY Ha OCHOBe npoTeC-
TaHTCKOH H,l{eOJIOfHH - H OTKa3 npHBeJI K ,n:aJieKO
H.li:YIUHM KOHcpJIHKTaM C ee 6JIH)I(aHIIIHMH COBeTHHKa-
MH. EcJIH EJIH3aBeTa BCTyrraJia B co103 c npoTecTaH-
TCKHMH M5ITC)I(HHKaMH - IIIOTJiaH,l{CKHMH KaJibBHHHC-
TaMH B 1560, cppaHU:Y3CKHMH ryreHOTaMH B 1562,
~


~
3aKAIO':Iei-me
~
l:'l~======h'TJil
1589 II 1591, fOJIJiaH,nCKIIMII KaJibBIIHIICTaMH C
1585 r.
-
3TO .n:eJiaJIOCb ue B uem.rx II,neo;wrw-rec-
KOH 6opb6bi c CHJiaMH AnTIIXpiicTa. Oua rroCTyrraJia
TaK rroToMy, "'ITO pa3yMHO 6hiJIO no.n:.n:ep:>KIIBaTb Bpa-
roB ee Bparon.
llpoTecTaHTbi-3HTY3IIacTbi B ua"':laJie XVII B. co-
3,naJIII rropTpeT EJIH3aBeThi I, KOTOpbiH oKa3aJicJI II
rrpiiBJieKaTeJibHbiM, II 3Ha"':IIITeJibHbiM. KaK yTBep:>K,neH-
Hbie ITOpTpeTb!'"06pa3Ubi BO BpeM5I ee rrpaBJieHII5I, 3TOT
rrpOTeCTaHTCKHH ITOpTpeT 6biJI MHOfO pa3 CKOITIIpOBaH
B pa3HOM o,ne5IHIIII Ha pa3HOM cpone. l1MrrepiiaJIIICTH-
"':IeCKIIe IICTOpiiKII B Konue XIX B. II poMaHTII"'IeCKHe
anrJIIIMCKHe nauHoHaJIHCTbi B cepe.n:IIne XX BII,neJIH B
nell: CO"':IYBCTBYIOIUero yCTpOHTeJI5I Beex neoTJIO:>KHbiX
"':la5IHHM 3HeprH"':IHOM rrpoTecTaHTCKoii AnrJIIIII - rro-
BIIBaJihHYIO 6a6Ky 6y.n:ymero. Ho EJIH3aBeTa rrp05IB-
JI5IJia MaJio 3HTY3IIa3Ma no rroBo.n:y pocTa napo.n:noro
rrpOTeCTaHTII3Ma, napJiaMeHTCKOfO Ha,n30pa, COI030B
Ha KOHTIIHeHTe .II MOpCKHX Harra,neHHH Ha J1crraHIIIO.
Ona ne B03rJiaBJI5IJia narra.n:e1me na ¢ponTax, ona CTa-
paJiacb y.n:ep:>KaTb HX c TbiJia: ee rrpaBJieHIIe 6hiJIO rroc-
T05IHHOH: 6opb60H 3a TO, l.J:T06bi H36e:>KaTb ITOJIIITII'IeC-
KHX JIHHIIH .II o6y3,naTb CHJibi, KOTOpbie eii He HpaBII-
JIHCb. EJIII3aBeTa He 6biJia My,npbiM H MOfY"':IMM rocy-
,napCTBeHHbiM .n:e5ITeJieM, rrpoBO.ll:5IIUIIM KOHCTPYKTHB-
HYIO ITOJIIITIIKY, HY:>KHyiO, KaK OHa 3HaJia, CBOeH CTpa-
He: OHa 6biJia HeypaBHOBeiiieHHbiM ITOJIIITIIKOM, CTpe-
M5IIUIIMC5I Bbi:>KHTb.
XoT5I ell: 6biJIO Bbiro.n:no rrpeyBeJIII"':IIIBaTb Te rrpo-
6JieMbi, C KaKHMH OHa CTOJIKHyJiaCb, CTaB KOpOJie-
BOH, no rrpo6JieMbi .n:eH:cTBIITeJibHO 6hiJIH, a H~KoTo­
pbie BcKope CTa;m eme cepbe3nee. AnrJIII5I BeJia BoH:-
ny Ha ,nBa cppOHTa, II Hapo.n: 6biJI rrpOTIIB BOHHbi II3-
3a rropa:>KeHIIH II 3KOHOMII"':ICCKIIX ueyp5.1Jl:IIU. ,lloro-
BOp B KaTo-KaM6pe3II B 1559 r. II IIHTepBeHUII5I B
iliOTJiaH,niiiO B 1560 CHII3IIJIH piiCK BTOp:>KCHII5I


~l)paH~Y3CKHX BOMCK - HO IIOTOM rpa)K,l{aHCKMe BOM-
Hbl BO <DpaH~MM OCJia6MJIM IIpOTl'IBOBeC MCIIaHCKOM
CMJie. IIocJie Toro KaK BoccTaHMe ero roJIJiaH.z:tCKMX
rro.n:.n:annhrx 3acTaBHJIO <l>MJIMrrrra II rrocJiaTb ucrraH-
cKyro apMMIO B Hu.n:epJiaH.z:tbi, AHrJI11I1 rpo3HJIO BTop-
)KeHMe qepe3 IIpOJIMB B CJiyqae IIOpa)KeHH51 fOJIJiaH-
.z:t~eB. Tor.n:a EJIM3aBeTa oKasaJiacb rro.n: HeycTaHHbiM
.z:taBJieHMeM CBOHX 6JIH)KaMIIIMX COBeTHHKOB. 0HH XO-
TCJIM, tiT06bi OHa C03,l{aJia JIMfY IIpOTeCTaHTCKHX fO-
cy.n;apCTB M rrpoTeCTaHTCKHX IIOBCTaH~CB H BeJia BOM-
HY c KaTOJIHKaMH B EBporre. Ho KopoJieBa He xoTe-
Jia ysaKOHHTb peJIHfH03HOe BOCCTaHHe, IIO.z:t.z:tep)I<H-
Baa M51Te)KHHKOB IIpOTHB .n;pyrHX MOHapXOB, H 6oH-
JiaCb, liTO IIpOTCCTaHTCKHe COI03bl ycHJI51T Bpa)K,l{e6-
HOCTb HcrraHHH, KoTopyro oHa xoreJia c.n:ep)KaTb.
BIIOCJie,l{CTBHH OHa OKa3biBaJia JIHIIIb MHHHMaJibHYIO
IIOMOW:b 3apy6e)KHbiM IIpOTeCTaHTaM, JIHIIIb 6bi Of-
pa.z:tHTb MX OT IIOpa)KeHHH, B TO iKe BpeMa HW:a CO-
r JiallieHHH C .z:tpyrHMH MOHapxaMH - 3Ta IIOJIHTHKa
,l{OMa Ka3aJiaCb HepeiiiHTeJibHOM, a 3a py6e)KOM -
ltBYJIHtiHOH.
lloJIHTHtiecKHe rrpo6JieMbi, cToaruHe rrepe.n: EJIH-
saBeToi.f, 6biJIM CTOJib )Ke cepbe3Hbl H B 06JiaCTH pe-
JIMfMH. CaMa OHa 6brJia rrpoTecTaHTKOM, ee .n:oBepeH-
Hbie CIIO,l{Bll)KHHKH 6biJIH IIpOTCCTaHTaMH, ll B Haqa-
JIC ee rrpaBJieHHH 6biJIII Becrme IIOJIHTIItieCKHe IIpH-
tiMHbl B IIOJib3Y rrpoTecTaHTCKo:H peJiurHH. MHorue
KaTOJIHKM CMOTpCJIII Ha EJIII3aBeTy KaK Ha He3aKOH-
HOe oTpO.z:the THpaHa u epeTHKa, H y Mapuu CTroapT
6biJIH BeCKHe KaTOJIMtieCKMe IIpiiTH3aHIIH Ha aHrJIIIM-
CKIIM TpoH (rrpu HeKoTopo:H rro.n:.n:ep)KKe H3 PuMa).
EcJiu EJiu3aBeTa craHOBHJiacb rrporecraHTCKOM KO-
poJieBo:H, OHa ftaHOCMJia y.n:ap ITO Bpa)K,l{e6HbiM HHTe-
pecaM, IIpiiBH3biBaJia anrJIMHCKIIX IIpOTCCTaHTOB K
CBOeMy IIpCCTOJiy M OT,l{eJIHJia ce6H OT l1030pHbiX C0-
6biTMM npaBJICHMH ee cecTpbi. Ho B 1559 r. oKasa-


~
3aKAIOtJ:CHHe
~
Ill~========~~
JIOCb HeB03MO)KHbiM ~ocnrrnyTb HacTo.Hmero rrpoTec-
TaHTCKoro corJiarneHI15I, 11 HacTpoeHI15I B rrapJiaMeHTe
11 B Hapo~e rroKa3biBaJII1 Bpa)K~e6HOCTb K rrepeMe-
HaM. Tor~a KaK ee coBeTHI1KI1 11 rrpoTeCTaHTCKI1e errl1c-
KOITbi HaCTai1Ba.JII1 Ha ~aJibHeHllieM BHe~peHI1H rrpo-
TeCTaHTI13Ma, caMa EJI113aBeTa Bl1~eJia orracnoCTb B
OTCTpaHeHlfH KaTOJII1KOB. il03TOMy OHa CTapaJiaCb
COXpaHI1Th Te oco6eHHOCTI1 aHrJIH:KaHCKOH uepKBH,
rrpOTHB KOTOpbiX rrpoTeCTaHTbl OC06eHHO B03pa)Ka-
JIH, ~IT06bi COXpaHHTb KOHCepBaTOpOB B JIOHe Hal{I10-
HaJibHOH uepKBH.
Bo BHernHe:H: ITOJII1TI1Ke EJIH3aBeTa OT.Ka3aJiacb
c,ne.rraTb BbiOOp Me)K.z:tY ITO.z:t.l(ep)Kl(OH BOCCTaBllii1X rrpo-
TeCTaHTOB 11 ycTyrrKaMI1 KaTOJII1lJeCKOH J1crraH1111: OHa
ITbiTaJiacb rrpoBO~HTb o6e cTpaTerHH cpa3y. B peJII1-
nm OHa OTKa3biBaJiaCh Bbi611paTb Me)K~y 6e30fOBO-
pOl!HbiM npOTeCTaHT113MOM 11 HeyCT)'ITlJHBbiM KaTOJIH-
U113MOM: OHa ITbiTaJiaCb C03~aTb uepKOBb, KOTOpa.H
C06Jia3H5IJia 6hi npH3biBOM K e~I1HCTBY BCeX, KpOMe
caMbiX TBep~oJio6biX c o6e11x cTopoH. CymecTBona-
JIH BeCKHe ITOJIHTJ1qeci<He rrpHqJ1Hbl ~JI5I TOfO, qT06bi
B HaqaJie ee rrpaBJieHH:.H 1136eraTb Heo6paTH:MbiX o6.H-
3aTeJibCTB - HO rrpaB~a 11 To, qTo rrp11cyma.H xapaK-
Tepy EJI113aBeTbi HepenmTeJibHOCTh crroco6cTBOBaJia
ee H3HaqaJibHOH rrpHBepe~JIHBOCTI1 11 B ~aJibHeii:rneM
ee ITO.z:t.z:tep)KHBa.Jia • .l(eHCTBI1TeJibHO, ~aJieKO He 5ICHO,
rrpecJie,nOBaJia JII1 KOpOJieBa C03HaTeJibHO yMepeHHYIO
ITOJII1TI1KY B peJIHfHH 11 B Me)!{,Z:tyHapO,Z:tHbiX OTHOIIIe-
HI15IX. Mo)!{eT, OHa KOJie6aJiaCb Me)!{,Z:ty ITOJII1TI1qec-
KHMI1 Bap11aHTaMI1 11JIH CJie,Z:tOBaJia 11M BCeM 6e3 ,Z:tO-
CTaTOqHOH pellii1TeJibHOCTI1 11JII1 rrpOCTO ITO cqacTJII1-
BOH cJiyqaii:HOCTH KaK-TO rrporroJI3aJia K KaKoMy-HI1 -
6y.z:tb KOHuy TeMI1 CIIOC06aMI1, KOTOpbie Ka)KYTC5I C0-
3HaTeJibHO yMepeHHbiMI1 TOJibKO 6Jiaro.z:tap5I OC06o:H:
rrpOHI1l{aTeJibHOCTI1 HJII1 TOMY, qTO Mbl CMOTp11M B
rrpornJioe. Mbi rrp116JII1311TeJibHO 3HaeM, l.JTO EJIH3a-


~ EAH3aBeTa I AHrAHHCKan
~
~~=======~Jil
BeTa Aenana, HO oHa HaM He paccKa3ana, rroqeMy
oHa rroCTyrrana HMeHHO TaK.
ITonHTW-IeCKHe o6cTO.HTenbCTBa rrepBoif .n:eKa,Ubi
ee rrpaBHeHH5I 3arOH5IHH ee B ITOHO)f(eUH5I, KOTOpbie
Tpe6oBaHH ITOCT05IHHOM 6opb6bi. I105IBH5IHHCb HOBbie
rrpo6neMbi - oco6em10 nacl.!eT 3aMy)f(eCTBa, rrpecTo-
noHacne.n:H.H, MapHH CnoapT, -
Bee OHH BneKnH 3a
co6oif OCHOBOITOHaraiOIIIHC TPY.UHOCTH B HHOCTpaH-
HblX H penHrH03HbiX .n:enax. B Hal.!ane 1561 r., Ka3a-
noch, OHa o6.n:yMhiBana penmTeHbHOe .n:eifcTBHe, l.!T0-
6bi pa3pCIIIHTb BCC CBOH ,UHHeMMbl - HCKOTOpOe Bpe-
M5I oHa .n:yMana o TOM, l.!T06hi BhiMTH 3aMy)f( 3a Po-
6epTa ,lla.n:nH, .n:n.H qero HCKana rro.n:.n:ep)f(KH I1crra-
HHH H .n:enana ,UaHbHCMIIIHe ycTyiTKH aHrHHMCKHM
KaTOHHKaM. TaKHM o6pa30M OHa MOrna 6bi OCB060-
,UHTb ce65I OT CB5!3biBaiOIIICM ee OITOpbl Ha rrpOTCCTaH-
TOB H rrpHBHel.!b ,UOCTaTOl.!HYIO ITO,U,UCp)f(Ky KaTOHH-
KOB. Ho Bpa)f(,Ue6HOCTb, C KOTOpOM 6bWH BCTpel.!eHbl
rrpH .n:Bope H B JlOH.UOHe cnyxH o6 3THX rrnaHax, .n:o-
H)f(HO 6biTb, y6e,UHHa ee, l.!TO ~HCITaHCK35I CTpaTe-
fll5I~ rrpHBe.n:eT K rpa)f(,UaHcKo:ii: BOMHe. ITpaKTHl.!eCKH
He 6biHO aHbTCpHaTHBbl yMepeHHOMY Kypcy (HHH
rrpOITOH3aHHIO) - II He 6bWO aHbTepHaTIIBbl cocy-
IIIeCTBOBaHIIIO C ee rrpOTeCTaHTCKIIMII CTOpOIIHIIKaMII.
Cne.n:oBaTenhHO, KoponeBa Bee BpeM.H rro.n:Bepranacb
OfHIO COBeTOB H IIHcl>OpMaUIIII CO CTOpOHbl CBOIIX rrpo-
TeCTaHTCKIIX COBCTHHKOB, Be.UyiiiiiX K TOMy, l.!T06bi
OHa 6onee peiiiiiTeHbHO rrpiii-IIIMana ITOHHTIIKY rrpo-
TeCTaHTOB.
TaKHM o6pa30M, BO BpeM.H rrpaBneHII.H EnH3a-
BeThi ITOCT05IHHO rrpoBep5IHOCb ITOHHTIIl.!eCKOC IICKyc-
CTBO II ITOHIITHl.!CCKa.H CHHa MOHapxa ,UIIHaCTIIII TIO-
,UOpOB. ITono)f(eHIIe y nee 6bwo TaKoe, TPY.n:nee KO-
Toporo He 6hmaeT. EM: rrpiixo.n:IInoch corrpoTHBH.HTb-
c.H MaXHHaUH5IM COBeTHIIKOB, KOr,Ua OHH ITbiTaHHCb
BT5IHYTb ee B CBOH IIHTpHrii. Ee IIHcl>OpMaUHOHHbie


R ======3=a=K=A=w=q=e=H=l1=e===== ltJ
llCTQqHIIKll 6biJill noqTif COBeprneHHO HeHa,l{e)KIIbl, a
ee C06CTBeHHbie COBeTHllKll ll ITOCJibl, TaK )Ke KaK ll
HHOCTpaHHbie .UHITJIOMaTbi, .n:aBaJIH e:H TY nncpopMa·
U:HID, Kar<yiD HM 6biJIO HY)KHO. KmiKpeTHbie noJIH·
TlfqecKHe (HJill TaKTifqecKHe) JlllHllll, KOTOpbie OHa
npOBOL{llJia, MaJIO KeM ITOL{L{ep)KllBaJIHCb, a Te CJIY·
)Kaii..{He, KOTOpbie llX, KaK npe.l{ITOJiaraJIOCb, BbiiTOJI·
JHIJill, "tJaCTO He BepllJill B TO, "tJeM OHll 3aHHMaJIHCb.
0Ha He MOfJia L{OBepSITb CBOllM areHTaM -
a,l{Mll-
HllCTpaTOpaM Jill, ITOCJiaM, MeCTHbiM ry6epHaTopaM
llJill reHepaJiaM - OHll He BbiiTOJIHSIJill ee IIpllKa30B,
eCJill 3a HllMll ITOCTOSIHHO He CJie.l{llJill. E:i1 HY)KHO
6biJIO noKynaTb coTpy.n:HH"tJecTBO Hepa.n:HBbiX cJiyr,
npe.n:Jiaras:r 3aMaHqlfBbie Harpa.n:bi - HO pacnpe.n:e-
JieHHe MllJIOCTeH MOfJIO npHBeCTll JIH60 K MOHOITO·
Jlllll pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJISI 6Jiar, JIH6o K cppaKI..{llOHHOH
6opb6e Me)K.n:y KOHKYPHPYIDII..{HMH rpynnaMH. 11 eii
IIpllXOL{llJIOCb L{OCTllfaTb :noro, HeCMOTpSI Ha CTpaiii-
HOe ITOJillTifqecKOe npenSITCTBlle: OHa 6biJia )KeHII..{ll·
Hoii B MHpe My)KqlfH.
IlpHHa.n:Jie)KHOCTb EJIH3aBeTbi K )KeHcKoMy noJiy
C03.ZJ:aBaJio TPH 6oJibiime TPY.UHOCTH B naTpHapxaJib-
HOM 0611..{eCTBe, r.n:e L{JISI )KeHCKOH BJiaCTll He 6biJIO
H.n:eoJiorH"tJeCKHX ocHoBaHHH. Bo-nepBbiX, ycJIO)KHH-
Jiacb npo6JieMa HacJie.n:oBaHHSI, nocKOJibKY Tpy.n:Ho
6biJIO HaiiTH OTU:a .UJISI ee pe6eHKa, He Ha:H.n:s:r rocno-
.UHHa .ZJ:JISI ce6s:r. C3p <DHJIHnn CH.ZJ:Hll npe.n:ynpe)KL{aJI
r<opoJieBy, qTo6bi oHa He BbiXO.ZJ:HJia 3aMy)K 3a AJian·
COHa, IIOCKOJibKY KOf.l{a repu:or HaqneT Tpe6oBaTb,
qT06bi oHa rrepeMeHHJia peJIHrHID, oHa 6y.n:eT pa3pbi-
BaTbCSI Me)I{.ZJ:Y IIOKOpHOCTbiO oory ll IIOKOpHOCTbiO
CBOeMy My)Ky. Bo-BTOpbiX, 3TO OCJIO)KHSIJIO ee OTHO-
IIIeHHSI c IIOJIHTHqecKHMH .n:es:rTeJISIMH: eii HY)KHO 6biJIO
C,l{eJiaTb TaK, "lJT06bi OHll OXOTHO ei1: IIOL{qlfHSIJillCb, ll
y6e*'.llaTb HX, "liTO OHa 3HaeT Jiyqrne. B-TpeTbllX, 3TO
ycJIO)KHS!JIO ee OTHOIIIeHHSI C IIO,l{,l{aHHbiMll: eii Ha.l{O


~ E;uil3aseTa I AHr.lu:dicKa.SJ
~
lll~====A)TJI!
6biJIO HaihH TO JIHUO MOHapXI-IH, KOTOpoe TIO.l{XO,l{H-
JIO 6bi )KeHII{IUie H BCe )Ke npe.l{TIOJ13f3JIO llOBHHOBe-
IIlfe. 113 ::JTHX TPY.UHOCTeif H npHmeJI o6pa3 KopoJie-
Bbi-.n:eBCTBeHHMUbi, MaTepH ee Hapo.n:a. lleBCTBeHHOCTb
He oq.eHb-TO noMoraJia c npo6JieMo:H HacJie.n:mtKa -
HO OHa ,l{aBaJia B03MO)KHOCTb BllOJIHe onpaB,l{aTbC.SI B
TOM, 'ITO OHa He 6y.n:eT pemaTbC.H B 6paKe. KopoJieBa-
.l{CBCTBemmua IIOJIYlJa.TI3 B03MO)KHOCTb 01f3pOBbiB3Tb
CBOUX COBeTHHKOB U rrpH,ZJ;BOpHbiX H o6ecne1fHTb BJII06-
JieHHOe COTPY.UHH'!eCTBO HeKOTOpbiX H3 ee MarnaToB.
J1 ,l{eBCTBeHHa.H M3Tb MOfJia pa3blrpb1B3Tb pOJib 33-
60TJIHBOH 33lllHTHUl{bi HHTepeCOB CBOHX .l{eTeH.
EJIH3aBeTa rrpHBHecJia HaCTO.HIUHH .n:paMaTM'!ecKnii
TaJiaJIT B pOJib KOpOJieBbi-,l{eBCTBeHHHI(bi H MaTepH H
ocBo6o.n:HJia ce6.H OT HeKOTOpbiX orpaHH'!eHMH cnoero
IIOJia. Ho llOCT3HOBKa, B KOTOpoii OHa 6biJia 3Be3.l{OH,
He cxo.n:nJia co cueHbl copoK II51Th JieT, ,ny6Jiepmn y
Hee He 6biJIO~ H e:H npnxo.n:nJIOCb HrpaTb B Ka)K,nOM
cneKTaKJie: ::JTO 6biJIO rrocTO.SJHHoe HanpH)KeHMe. He
ncer.n:a ee ncnoJIHeHne 6biBaJio 6e3ynpe'!HbiM: eii He
Hp3BHJiaCb ee pOJib B nepBbie fO.l{bl, KOr,na OHa Ha.l{e.SI-
JI3Cb BbiMTH 33MY)K 3a lla.UJIM; OHa eii Ha.l{OeJia B
157 9 r. , Kor,na OHa no.n:YMbiBaJia o 6paKe c AnaHco-
HOM; H OHa He BITOJIHe C Heif cnpaBJI.SIJI3Cb B ITOCJie,l{-
Hee .n:ecHTHJiente. B HeKoTopbiX BaJKHbiX cJiyqa.Hx oHa
ITpOH3HeCJia He Te CJIOBa - B ee .l{eMCTBHHX OTHOCH-
TeJibHO repnora Hop¢oJIKa H cenepHbiX rpacpon B
1569 f. H C 3cceKCOM Hero COI03HHKaMM B 1596. 0Ha
qaCTO Bbi3biB3Jia He,l{OBOJibCTBO CBOHX npoTeCTaHTC-
KlfX TIOI<JIOHHUKOB, KOr,l{a He Ha,l{eBaJia HX KOCTIOM B
1561, 1565, 1575, 1579 H 1584 rr. 0Ha noTepHJia
ysepeHHOCTb B HHTepnpeT3UHH pOJIH B 1585 f. If ll03-
BOJIHJia cnoeMy napTHepy yronopHTh ee Ha 6oJiee ar-
peccHBHYIO nepcHIO .UJIH 3apy6eJimo:H: ay.n:HTOpHH. Ee
OTHOIIIeHHH C 3I<TpUCaMlf Ha BTOpOCTeneHHbiX pOJIHX
XOpOlliHMH He 6biJilf HHI<Of,l{a, e:H: HeJierKO 6biJIO pa6o-


ftl======3=a=K=A=IO='=Ie=H=H=e=====B
TaTb e MOJIO)l:blMH HOBlP·IKaMH, a KaK eTapym OIIbiT-
HYIO aKTpney ee rrepenrpaJI eBOHM OfHeHHbiM TaJiaH-
TOM 3eeeKe. Ho ee HeJIOJIHerme IIpHHOeHJIO Harpa)l:bi,
II eeJIH qerO-TO He XBaTaJIO B .n;paMaTH:qeeKOH KOHIJeii-
IIHH, 3TO e JIHXBOH rrepeKpbiBaJIOeb q.H:eTbiM rrpo¢ee-
eiiOHaJIH3MOM.
CpasHenae e .n:paMo:H oqeHb rro.n:xo.n.IIT JJ:JIJI rrpas-
JieHHJI EJIII3aBeTbi, n6o ee eiiJia 6brJia IIJIJII031Ie:H, a
HJIJII03HJI - ee eHJioiL KaK feHprrx IV so cDpaH-
IJIIH, OHa e03JJ:aJia 113 ee6JI TaKOH o6pa3, KOTOpbiH
rrpiiHee ee CTpaHe rrpeeTH)K II eTa6HJibHOeTb. 5Jiaro-
.n:apJI IIOeTOIDIHOMY BHHMaHHIO KO seeM .n;eTaJIJIM Bee-
fO ee IIeiTOJIHeHH.fl OHa 3aeTaBJIJIJia BCeX OeTaJibHbiX
HeiiOJIHHTeJieH XOJJ:HTb Ha IJhlJIQqKaX II COXpaHJIJia
ll:IDl ee6JI poJib KopoJieBbi. EJIH3aBeTa e.n:eJiaJia ee6JI
He06XOJJ:HMOH JJ:IDl eBOHX IIOJIHTIIKOB, ITOITYJIJipHOH B
eBOeM Hapo.n;e H Bbi3bJBaJia BbiHy)K.z;J;eHHOe BOeXHII.{e-
HHe y eo6paTbeB-MOHapXOB. XOTJI OHH MOfJIII llbi-
JiaTb rHeBOM K 4HOBOH l1e3aaeJIH•, rrpaBHTeJin Ea-
porrbr BbiJiY~eHbi 6biJIII npH3HaTb ee IIeKyceTBO,
Oeo6o rropa)KeH 6brJI narra CHKeT V. 4TOJibKO noe-
MOTp.H:Te, KaK OHa npamn! - 3aJIBHJI OH B 1588 f
-
0Ha BCero JJJllilb )KeHII.{HHa II BJia.a:eeT Beero JllUIIb
ITOJIOBHHOH OeTpOBa, H Bee )Ke OHa Bbl3biBaeT eTpaX
y Y.IenaHHH, y <l>paHIJHH, y HMrrepHH - y seex! ~
EJIH3aBeTa BblfO)l:HO OTJIH"::aJiaeb OT eBOHX eonpeMeH-
HHIJ: EKaTep.H:Ha Me.n;Hqlf He eMOrJia rrpe.a:oTspaTHTb
rpa)K.l{aHeKyro BOHHY so <l>paHIJHH, a MapHIO Cno-
apT BblfHaJIH H3 ee KOpOJieBeTBa IIOeJie eeMH JieT JIIfq-
HOfO npasJieHH.H. <l>p3Herrc D3KOH e.n;eJiaJI Bbmo.n:;
~)KeHeKOe rrpaBJieHHe 6biJIO pe.l{KOeTbiO BO Bee Bpe-
MeHa; y.n;aqHoe npasJieHHe eme 6oJibiiieif pe.n:KoeTbiO,
y.n;aqi-IOe H B TO )Ke speMJI .n:oJiroe rrpasJieHHe - 3To
yHHKaJibHOe JIBJieHHe~ 6 • ,llJIJI rrpaBHTeJIJI-)KeHIUHHbi
IIpOCTO IJ:OJifOBeqHQCTb y)Ke 6bi.7Ia rpOMaJJ.HblM li,OeTH-
)KeHHeM.


~=====£==A=H=3=a=s=e=T=a==J=~==H=r=A=H=J=1C=K=a=H=====~
Ho He TOJibKO KOpOJieBa C'IHTaJia My,n:pbiM CTpeM-
JieHHe BbDKHTb. McrraHCKHM KopoJIJJ C!>uJiurrrr, KaK
H EJIH3aBeTa, rrpaBHJI 6oJIJJIIIe copoKa JieT, H ,n:JIR
Hero KOJie6aHH5I TO)I(e 6JJIJIH IlOJIHTH'IeCKHM HHCTpy-
MeHTOM: KOr,n:a ero y6e)I(,n:aJIH, 'ITO Ha,n:o ,n:eMCTBO-
BaTb 6biCTpO, OH ycTaJIO OTBel.!aJia: ~5! H BpeM5I y Jia-
JJ:HM HaiiiH ,n:eJia, KaK cyMeeM~ 7 • EcJIH y'IeCTb, 'ITO
Ka)I(,n:Oe HOBOe rrpaBHTeJibCTBO BHa'IaJie o6Jia,n:aeT
MaJIOM rrpHHYJJ:HTeJibHOM CHJIOM, TOJibKO CKpOMHbie
u;emi 6biJIH ocymecTBHMbi, H MHOrOe MO)I(HO CKa-
3aTb B 3aiUHTy yMeJIOrO 6e3,n:ei:J:CTBH5I. fpaH,n:H03Hbie
rrpoeKTbi, KaK y6e,n:HJIC5I C!>HJIHTITI CO CBOHMH TpeM5I
KaTacTpoqm'IeCKHMH apMa,n:aMH rrpoTHB AHrJIHH,
O'IeHb '!aCTO rrpHHOC5IT rope. IIocJie 1559 r. EJIH3a-
BeTa He rrpe,n:rrpHHHMaJia peiiiHTeJibHbiX IlOJIHTH'!eC-
KHX Ha'IHHaHHM: OHa COilpOTHBJI5IJiaCb IlOilbiTKaM ee
MHHHCTpOB BOBJie'Ib ee B ,n:ei:J:CTBHe, H cy,n:b6bi aH-
rJIHMCKHX BOeHHbiX TIOXOJJ:OB IlOKa3aJIH, 'ITO ee orra-
CeHH5I 6biJIH crrpaBe,n:JIHBbi. IloxBaJia C!>p3HCHca :63-
KOHa B a,n:pec EJIH3aBeTbi y,n:HBHTeJibHO HeraTHBHa:
o,n:o6peHH5I 3acJiy)I(HBaeT To, '!ero oHa He ,n:eJiaJia, a
ue ,n:e5IHH5I ee. KopoJieBa 6biJia TaKTHKOM, a He cTpa-
reroM - rrpHpO)I(JJ:eHHaR aKTpHca, HO He ,n:paMaTypr
II He pe)I(Hccep.
KopoJieBa EJIH3aBeTa He TibiTaJiaCb peiiiHTb rrpo-
6JieMbi, OHa HX rrpOCTO H36eraJia, a HeKOTOpbie rrepe-
)I(HJia, OHH rrpocTo HC'!e3JIH. OcTaJibHbie BepHyJIHCb
u rrpecJie,n:oBamr ee HacJieJJ:HHKa, 5IKoBa I - HO 3TO
6hrmr ero rrpo6JieMhi, a OHa HIIKor.n:a oco6eHHO He
.n:yMaJia o TOM, 'ITO rrpoii3oil:,n:eT rrocJie ee CMepTII. Ee
OTKa3 3aHIIMaTbC5I rrpo6JieMOM rrpeeMCTBeHHOCTII, rrpo-
;~a)I(a KOpOJieBCKIIX 3eMeJib JJ:JI5I qmHaHCIIpOBaHH5I
BOMHbi, ee OTKa3 IICTIOJib30BaTb II Harpa,n:IITb IlOKO-
JieHIIe 3cceKca IlOKa3biBaiOT, HaCKOJibKO orpaHII'IeH
6biJI ee B3rJI5IJJ: B 6y,n:ymee. 3TOT rrparMaTII'IeCKIIM
no.n:xo.n: K rroJIIITIIKe cTaJI B03MO)I(eH, rroToMy 'ITO o~a


R =====3=a=K=A=IO='I=e=H=H=e===== B
rrpH.n:ep)l(ImaJiacb orpai-m'leHHoi:J KOI-m:em.J:HH cnoe:H
poJIH KaK KopoJieBbi. Xoni EJIH3aBeTa Mnoro rono-
pHJia o ee .n:oJire rrepe.n: EoroM 11 3a6oTe o cnoeM
Hapo.n:e, :3TO 6biJIO IIOJIHTH'IeCKOe IIYCTOCJIOBHe, 'IT0-
6bi orrpan.n:aTb rrpanJieHHe. llocJie IJ:epKOBHOro corJia-
IIIei-IHR 1559 f. OHa He 'IYBCTBOBaJia o6mecTBCHHOf0
JJ:OJira c.n:eJiaTb 'ITO-HH6y.n:h eme - He pecpopMHpona-
Jia a.n:MHI-IHCTpal.(HIO, He HaBeJia IIOpR.lJ:OK B I.(epKBH,
He YJIY ...IIIIHJia rroJIO)l(eHHe 6e.n:HbiX, ne KOJIOHH3Hpo-
naJia CenepHyiO AMepHI<Y, rroci<OJibKY He BHtJ:eJia
rrpH'IHH, 'IT06br nee 3TO .n:eJiaTb. ll.eJibiO Emi3aBeTbi n
Ka'leCTBe KOpOJieBbl 6biJIO 6biTb KOpOJieBOH; ee JIC ·
IIOJib30BaHJie KOpOJieBCKOM BJiaCTJI He 6biJIO cpe.n:CT,
BOM K .lJ:OCTJI)l(eHJIIO BbiCIIIJIX I.(eJieH, 3TO CaMO ITO ce6e
6biJIO I.(eJibiO. 0Ha He corJiaCJIJiaCb 6br c yTBep)!<.n:e-
HJieM C!>JIJIJirrrra II, 'ITO ~MOHapx co3.n:acTCR .ll:JIR o6-
mecTna~, eme MeHee c TeM, 'ITO MonapxHR - sTo
~cpopMa pa6cTna, yneH'IaHHaR KopoHoi1~ 8 . Mo)l(eT
6biTb, I<opoJiena EJIJI3aBeTa JI cJiy)KJIJia Eory, HO Y*
HJIKai< He CBOeMy Hapo.n:y.
.
TIPI1MELIAHI151 I1 CHOCK¥!
1. Hurstfield J 1971 Elizabeth I and the Unity of
England. Penguin edn, p. 136
2. Adams S L 1984 Eliza enthroned? The Court,
and its politics. In Haigh C A (ed.) The Reign
of Elizabeth I. Macmillan, p. 77
3. Erickson C 1983 The First Elizabethan. Mac-
millan, p. 398; De Maisse A H 1931 A Journal
of All That Was Accomplished by Monsieur de
Maisse. Nonsuch, p. 115


4. Goodman G 1839 The Court of King ]ames the
First (2 vols). Bentley, val. 1 pp. 97-8
5. Greville F 1652 The Life of the Renowned Sir
Philip Sidney, pp. 185-234
6. Pastor L von 1932 The History of the Popes
Kerr R F (ed.). Kegan Paul, val. 22 p. 34n;
Neale J E 1963 The Age of Catherine de Medici
and Essays in Elizabethan History. Cape, p. 217
7. Pierson P 1975 Philip II of Spain. Thames &
Hudson, p. 40
8. Pierson P 1975 p. 43


EHBAHOfPA~MqECKMM
QqEPK
llOlJ:Tlf HeB03MO)KH0 HaiUJ:CaTb B3BellleHIIOe llCCJie-
,ltOBaHHe o EJmsaBeTe I. 11CTopHorpa¢IIlfecK<UI Tpa-
.ZUUJ:HH TaK ee rrpeB03HOCHT, liTO TPY.l.J:HO IIs6e)KaTb .l.J:BYX
II03lll.{HH: HJIH ITJibiTb ITO TelJ:eHHID BCe06I.I:I;HX BOCXBa-
JieHIIH, HJill :7HeprlllJ:HO IIOBepHyTb IIpOTllB Hero H TeM
caMbiM cos,naTb uerrpiiJIIIlJ:Hbie 6phr3rii. PeKJiaMHpo-
BaHIIe EJIII3aBeTbi HalJ:aJIOCb BO apeMeua ee co6cTBeH-
uoro rrpasJieHII.H yciiJIII.HMII rrpoTecTaHTOB, oqn-ru:rraJib-
HbiX rrporraraH,lUfCTOB H KOpblCTHbiX COlJ:lliUITeJieH 6aJI-
Jia,l.{. 3Tll BOCTOp)KeHHbie IIOXBaJibl 6biJil:I rrpenpame-
Hbl B CTpOHHOe llCTOpHlleCKOe IIOBeCTBOBaHIIe YIIJib-
.HMOM KaM.l.{eHOM (Camden), KOTOpbiH uamrcaJI CBOH
~AHHaJibi» (Annales) B 1610-x rr. KaM.l.{eH cq>OpMy-
JIHpOBaJI llCTOpiiorpa<lJHlleCKllH o6paseu: u:apCTBOBaHlUI,
H HCTOpHKII o6bilfHO cJie.l.{OBaJIII :7TOH cxeMe: Em-Isase-
Ta yuacJie.l.{OBaJia xaoc BHYTPII CTpaHbi II yrpo3bi H3-
sa py6e)Ka, HO 6Jiaro,l.{ap.H CBOeMy co6CTBeHHOMy HC-
KYCCTBY H .l.{aJibHOBH.z:tHOCTH oua uarnJia o6ne.l.{HHHTeJIIr
Hbie perneiiH.H
.l.{JI.H uau:HoHaJibHbiX rrpo6JieM. TaKnM
o6pasoM, rrpasJieime EmrsaseTbi cTaJio 30JIOTbiM ue-
KOM nporpecca, rrpH noM sa6oTJIHB<I..H KopoJieBa BJ~ox ·
HOBJIHJia csoll: napoa na BeJimme cseprnemm H rrpece·
KaJia BCe BOHHCTBYIOll.{He cerrapaTHCTCKHC TCH,llCHIJ;HI,I.


R ===E="=H=3=a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r="="="=~c=K=a=.si=== 1fjl
<?BepcHR KaM.n:ena~ Jie)!(aJia B OCHOBe aHaJII13a npaB-
Jreni1R EJI113aBeTbi Ha npOT5I)Kei-ml1 npoiiiJIOro BeKa:
3TOMY o6pa3U:Y CJie,UOBaJIO 60Jibiiii1HCTBO 113 ITO~TI1
BOCbl\111,UeC5ITI1 6110rpaqmrr, ony6JII1KOBaHI-IbiX C 1890 f.
.ny'-IIII11l\111 o6pa3IJ;al\111 COBpeMeHHOH poMaHTWieCKOH
nau:l1onaJII1CTI1~ecKorr 11HTepnpeTaU:1111 5IBJI5IIOTCR: Ne-
ale J E 1934 Quenn Elizabeth, Cape; Rowse A L
1950 The England of Elizabeth, Macmillan; Hur-
stfield J 1960 Elizabeth I and the Unity of England,
Teach Yourself History Series; and Johnson P 1974
Elizabeth I: a study in power and intellect, Wei-
denfeld & Nicolson.
Kp11TI1KOB EJI113aBeTbi 6biJIO MaJIO, 11 np11~11Hbi .UJIR
11X Kp11TH~eCI<I1X 3aMe~aHI1H 11HOr,Ua Ka)!(yTC5I BeCbMa
CTpannbil\111. Froude J A in his 1856-70 History of
England from the Fall of Cardinal Wolsey to the
Defeat ofThe Spanish Armad a ( 12 vol), Macmillan
cTani1JIH EJI113aBeTe B BI1HY He.n:ocTaTOK 3.ll:OpoBoro npo-
reCTaHTI13Ma 11 3Hepr11~Horo nau:l1onaJII13Ma. C H Wil-
son's 1970 Queen Elizabeth and the Revolt of the
Netherlands, Macmillan onJiaK11BaJI ee OTKa3 cnoco6-
CTBOBaTb p0)!(,UeHI1IO He3aBI1CHMbiX BeJI11KI1X J-JI1.n:ep-
7JaH,UOB, OKa3aB 111\1 peiiii1TeJibHYIO no.z:r..n:ep)!(KY npOTI1B
l1cnan1111. 3a HCKJIIOtienneM KaTOJI11KOB, KOTOpbre ocy)!(-
n;aJII1 ee npecJie.n:oBaH115l, EJI113aBeTy o6brqno nopnu:a-
JII1 3a To, '-Iero ona ne .n:eJiaJia (11JII1 ~To oua .n:eJiaJia
He,UOCTaTOqHO peiiii1TCJibHO), a He 3a TO, ~TO OHa ,UeJia-
.7Ja, KaK 6y.n:To ona MOrJia nocTynaTb, r<aK xo~eT. Ho
Carolly Erickson's 1983 The First Elizabeth, Mac-
millan pncyeT KOpOJieBy KaK Jli1IIIeHHYIO B006pa)!(e-
HI15I, nepeiimTeJibHYIO, pa3,Upa)!(I1TeJibHYIO 11 r Jiy6oKO
srol1cTwmyiO. XoTR 113JIO)Kerme 3p11KCOH naxo,n:I1TC5I
llO,U CI1JibHbiM BJIH5IHI1eM CITJieTeH HHOCTpaHI-IbiX ITOC-
7JOB H Eecc H3 Xap.n:s11Ka, ee H3JIO)!(eHI1e 11 ou:ei-II<a B
HeKOTOpbiX OTHOIIIei-I115IX 6oJree peaJII1CT~Hbl. ITo !<parr-
Herr Mcpc, ee EJIH3aBeTa 11MeeT '-IepTbi o6brqnoro '-IeJio-


BeKa B TPYAHOM rroJIO)Kemn1, a He ~6orm-m 113 Manm-
Hbi5>, KoTopoJ:i: rro.n; CHJIY pelllHTb Bee rrpo6JieMbi, ecJIH
TOJibKO oua 3axo~eT.
Ce:H~ac rroJIHTII<-IecKoe rroJio)KeHHe EJIH3aBeTbi Ka-
)KeTc51 ropa3,l{O 6oJiee CJIOKHbiM, ~eM OHO I<a3aJIOCb
BO BpeMeHa paCUBeTa pOMaHTH~eCI<OH Hai.{HOHaJIHCTH-
~eCI<OH Tpa.n;HUHH. I1ccJie,n;OBaHH51 rrpaBJieHII51 ee
OTUa - oco6eHHO Starkey D R 1985 The Region of
Henry VIII: personalities and politics, George Phi-
lip, and Ives E W 1986Anne Boleyn, Blacwell rroi<a-
3biBaiOT, I<aK ,l{a)Ke HCI<JIIO~HTeJibHO BOJieBbiM I1 BHy-
l.llaiOI.UHM CTpax KOpOJieM MOryT MaHHITYJIHpOBaTb rrpH-
.l{BOpHbie rpyrrrrHpOBKH. Loades D M in 1979 The
Reign of Mary Tudor, Benn rrpe.n;rrciJiaraeT, ~To rrpaB-
JieHHe cecTpbi EJIH3aBeTbi Ha~aJIOCb 6JiarorroJiy~no,
HO HaJieTeJIO Ha pHcpbi BOHH C HHOCTpaHHbiMH ,n;ep)Ka-
BaMH, peJIHfl103HbiX pa3H0fJiaCHH, I1HcpJI511.{l1l1 l1 a.n;-
MHHHCTpaTHBHOH CJia60CTlf - rrpo6JieMbl, C KOTOpbi-
MH CTOJII<IIY Jiacb 11 caM a EJIH3aBeTa. MexaHH3M rrpaB-
JieHH51 TIO.n;opon Terrepb I<a)KeTC51 o6BeTillaBI.llHM 11 B
HeKOTOpbiX OTHOilleHH51X He3cpcpeKTHBHbiM. Smith
A GRin 1967 The Government of Elizabethan En-
gland, Arnold, Williams P H in 1979 The Tudor
Regime, Oxford, and Elton G R in three essays on
Tudor government: the points of contact (reprinted
in his 1983 Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics
and Government, Cambridge, vol 3) rroi<a3aJIH, Ha-
CI<OJibKO rrpaBJieHHe 3aBHCeJio OT COTPYAHH~ecTBa MecT-
HbiX MarHaTOB, I<YITJieHHOfO Ml1JIOCT51Ml1 HJIH C06Jia3-
HeHHOfO rrporraraH.n;oJ:i:. MoHapxH~ecKa51 BJiaCTb ocy-
mecTBJI51Jiacb He OT.n;a~eii: 6e3aneJIJI51UHOHHbiX rrpHI<a-
30B MfHOBeHHO I10BHHYIOllll1MC51 CJIY)Kaii.{HM: CKOpee,
9TO 6biJia I10CT051HHa51 6opb6a 3a TO, ~T06bi C03,l{aTb
BfiC'-IaTJieHHe, ~TO npaBHTCJibCTBO BCe-Tai<H ,n;eHCTBYCT.
l1ccJie,n;oBaHH51 npaBJieHH51 EJIH3aBeTbi o6bi•mo
paCCMaTpHBaJIH npOBO.l{HMYIO eiO fiOJIHTH~eci<yiO JIH-


~ E11.1HaBeTa I AHrAJn1cKan
~
l'l~=======~Jl.{
IUIIO M OUeHMBaJIU ee KaK XOpornyiO MJIM IlJIOXYIO, MMC-
IOili;YIO ycrrex HJIM rrpoaammrnyroc5I. 3TOT rrpouecc
oueHKM rrpe~rroJiaraeT, qTo KopoJieBa MOrJia rrocTy-
rraTb, KaK XOTeJia: OHa MOrJia HaXO~MTb OTBeTbi Ha
npH3HaHHbie HaUMOHaJibHbiC rrpo6JieMbi M OCyiUeC-
TBJI5ITb HX qepe3 npaBMTeJibCTBeHHbiH MexaHM3M. Ho
MH<lJOpMaUM5I M yqpe)K,l.l;eHH5I, KOTOpbie 6biJIM B paCIIO-
p5I>KeHHH KopoJieBbi, ue orrpaa.n;biBaJIM TaKoro rro.n:xo-
.n;a. BMeCTO :noro, .n;aHH<UI KHMra paccMaTPMBaeT EJin-
3aaery C TOqKJf 3peHM5I ee B03MO>KHOCTeH, a He C TOq-
KM 3pemm rrpOBO,l.I;HMOH IIOJIMTIIKM: OHa paCCMa.TpHBa-
eT ee OTHOllieHAA C .n;pyrnMH IIOJIHTHKaMH H C yqpe>K-
.n;eHH5IMH H rpyrrrraMlf IIOJIHTIIqecKOH >KII3HH - Kliiifa
3a,n:aeT Borrpoc, KaK OHa y .n;ep>KaJiaCb Ha rrpecToJie, a
He KaK OHa pernaJia rrpo6JieMbL l16o 6biTb MOHapxoM
B AHrJIMM 6biJIO HeJierKo - oco6eHHO TPY.n;Ho 6biJIO
6biTb npaB5IIUeH KopoJieao:H. Bo-rrepBbiX, EJIM3aBeTe
HMO 6biJIO YTBep.n;HTbCH KaK ,l.I;OCTOHHOMY M He3aBM-
ClfMOMY npaBMTeJIIO, HeCMOTpH Ha ee COMHMTeJibHOe
npoHcxo>K.n;eHMe n ee rroJI. ToqKa 3peHAA Heish A
1980 Queen Elizabeth and the persistence of patriar-
chy, Feminist Review 4, ae.n;eT K ToMy, qTQ ona 3a~a­
eT Ba.>KHbie BOIIpOCbi, M MO>KHO HaRTH IIOJie3Hbie Ma-
TepHaJibi no aorrpocy o 6paKe B HacJie.n;oaaHH:M B Le-
vine M 1966 The Early Elizabethan Succession Qu-
estion, 1558-1568, Stanfort; MacCaffrey \V T 1969
The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime, Cape; and
1981 Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy,
Princeton. PO Jib HMM~>Ka EJm3aBeTbi B ee B3aHMOOT-
HorneHM5IX C IIOJIMTMKaMH o6cy>K.n;aeTC5I B pa6oTaX, rre-
peqHCJieHHbiX HH>Ke B a63aue o ~aope.
06 oTHorneHnHx EJIR3aBeThi c uepKOBhio JIYtirne
acero cy~HTb no Haugaard WP 1968 Elizabeth and
the English Reformation, Cambridge, XOT5I ero pac-
cy>K~eHHH 0 C03,l.l;aHHH 3aKOHO~aTeJibCTBa 1559 r. CJIC-
/l.YeT nepecMorpeTh B caeTe Jones N L 1982 Faith by
~


R ==li=H=6=A=H=o=r=p=a=cp=H='I=e=c=K=H=:H=o=q=e=p=K== B
Statute: Parlament and the seettlement of religion,
1559, Royal Historical Society. CTOJIKHOBemw BJIH5I-
HHH, KOTOpbiM IIO,D;BepraJiaCb KOpOJieBa, IIOKa3aHO y
Collinson P 1967 The Elizabethan Puritan Move-
ment, Cape (r.n;e no,nl.!epKHYTbi cpaHaTHl.J:eCKHe Tpe6o-
BaHH5I o OOJibUieM npoTecTaHrn3Me) H Haigh C A 1981
The continuity of Catholicism in the English Refor-
mation, Past and Present 93 (r.n;e noKa3aHa cTeneHb
KOHCepBaTHBHOfO COIIpOTHBJieHM5I nepeMeHaM). 0630-
pbl pemlfH03HbiX Te'leHHM B 3TOT nepHO,ll; npe,nJiara-
IOTC.R B McGrath P 1967 Papists and Puritans under
Elizabeth I, Batsford, and by Collinson and Haigh
in Haigh C A (ed.) 1984 The Reign of Elizabeth I,
Macmillan. Ha6oJKHOCTb caMo'H EJIHJaBeTbl paccMaT-
pHaaeTc5I y Haugaard W P 1981 Elizabeth Tudor's
Book of Devotions: a neglected clue to the queen's
life and character, Sixteenth Century Journal 12;
CKOJib MaJIO OHa BJIHHJia Ha ee IIOJIHTH'IeCKHe pacqe-
Tbl, rroKa3aHo y Cross C 1970 The Royal Supremacy
in the Elizabethan Church, Allen & Unwin, and Heal
F M 1980 Of Prelates and Princes: a study of the
economic and social position of tudor episcopate,
Cambridge.
MoHJMeHTaJibHbrM: TPY.n; Lawrence Stone 1965 The
Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641, Oxford -
TO'!Ka OTC'IeTa BCeX ,ll;HCI<yCCJ-IM o6 OTHOilleHH.SIX MeJK-
,n;y KopoHOH H 3HaTbiO. MoJKeT 6biTb, CToyH npHHH-
MaeT H3MeHeHH5I B cpyH,n;aMeHTe 6oraTCTBa If BJiaCTH
apncToKpaTHH 3a yrra.n;oK, a BbiHy:>K,n;eHHOe yHH'ITO-
JKeHHe Tro.n;opaMH KOHKpeTHbiX npe,n;aTeJiei1: - 3a aH-
THapHCTOKpaTH':IecKyro IIOJIHTHI<Y B006rn:e. llpO,D;OJIJKa-
IOIUeec5I IIOJIHTH'IeCKOe 3Ha':leHHe II3pOB XOpOlliO IIO-
Ka3aHO y Williams P H 1979 The Tudor Regime,
Oxford, and Hasler P W 1981 The House of Com-
mons, 1558-1603, Histiry of Parlament Trust (3
vols) vol. 1. HeT Ha,n;eJKnoro ony6JIHKOBaHHoro pa3-
~


6opa 3aroBopoB M M51Te)f<ei1 1568-1571 rr.: MacCaf-
frey W T 1969 The Shaping of the Elizabethan Re-
gime, Cape, Read C 1955 Mr Secretary Cecil and
Queen Elizabeth, Cape, and Williams N 1964 Tho-
mas Howard, Fourth Duhe of Norfolk, Barrie & Rac-
kliff ,n;aiOT KpaTKHe 0630pbl, If Ha MOe TOJIKOBaJ-IMe
BoccTaHH5l rroBJIH5IJIO Taylor S E 1981 The revolt of
the northern earls, University of Manchester Ph.D.
thesis. l1MeiOTC5l HaMeKH Ha oqmUIIaJibHOe OTHOIIIe-
Hlie K 3HaTH B MacCaffrey W T 1961 Place and pat-
ronage in Elizabethan politics, in Bindoff S T, Hur-
stfield J, Williams C H (eds) Elizabethan Gover-
nment and Society, Athlone, and Hurstfield J 1958
The Queen's Wards: wardship and marriage under
Elizabeth I, Cape.
E,n;HHCTBeHHoe TOHKoe ocBemerme TaH:Horo coBe-
Ta M era pomr - 3TO Elton G R 1983 Tudor g<\ver-
nment: the points of contact. II the Council, in Stu-
dies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government,
Cambridge, val. 3. l1MeeTc5l rroJie3HbiH MaTepHaJI B
Pulrnan M B 1971 The Elizabethan Privy Council in
the Fifteen-Seventies, California. Cpe,n;H MCTOPMKOB
Ha6JIIo,n;aiOTC5l crropbi no rroBo.n;y cTerremr pa3HorJia-
CHH M correpmFrecTBa Me)f(,n;y ':IJieHaMH CoBeTa: Read
C 1913 Walsingharn and Burghley in Queen Eliza-
beth's Privy Council, English Historical Review 28,
B03MO)f(HO, rrpeyBeJIH':IHBaiOT pa3HOrJiaCH5l, HO Mac-
Caffrey W T 1981 Queen Elizabeth and the Making
of Policy, Princeton, and Adams S L 1984 Eliza en-
throned? The Court and its politics, in Haigh C A
(ed.) The Reign of Elizabeth I, Macmillan, rroxo)f(e,
rrpeyBeJIH':IHBaiOT rapMOHHIO. Crropbi no Borrpocy o
BHeiiiHeH IIOJIHTHKe Me)f(,n;y ':IJieHaMH CoBeTa If KOpO-
JieBOH o6cy)f(,n;aiOTC5l B: Thorp M R 1984 Catholic
conspiracy in early Elizabethan foreign policy, Six-
teenth Century ]ournal15; Wilson C H 1970 Queen
~


Elizabeth and the Revolt of the Netherlands, Mac-
millan; Adams S L 1973 The Protestant cause: reli-
gious alliance with the West European Calvinist com-
munities as a political issue in England, 1585-1630,
University of Oxford; D.Phil. thesis; Read C 1925
Mr Secretary Walsingham and the policy of Queen
Elizabeth (3 vols), Oxford; Read C 1955 Mr Secre-
tary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth, Cape; Read C 1960
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth, Cape; Wern-
ham R B 1980 The Making of Elizabethan Foreign
Policy, California; W ern ham R B 1984 After the
Armada: Elizabethan England and the struggle for
western Europe, 1588-1595, Oxford.
3Ha"tJemfe ,n:Bopa B rroJIYITYIKe o6oHCHHeTCH y Nea-
le J E 1958 The Elizabethan political scene, in Essa-
ys in Elizabethan History, Cape. Bo3MO)I(HO, l:JTO HYIJI
rrpeyBeJIYil:JYIBaJI pacKOJibi If rpyrrrroB~YIHY rrpYI ,n:Bope
B Ha"tJaJie 1590 rr.: Wernham R B 1984 After the
Armada, Oxford rrpe,n:rroJiaraeT, l:JTO 3cceKc If CecYI-
Jibi ycrrenmo coTpy.z:t:HYil:JaJIYI B Borrpocax BHeiiiHeif rro-
JIYITYIKYI. CaMbie rroJie3Hbie He,n:aBHYie o63opbi rroJIO)I(e-
HYIH rrpYI ,n:Bope cJie,n:yiO~Yie: MacCaffrey W T 1961
,fllace and patronage in Elizabethan politics, in Bin-
doffS T, Hurstfield J, Williams C H (eds) Elizabet-
han Government and Society, Athlone; Elton G R
1983 Tudor government: the points of contact. III
the Court, in Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics
and Government, Cambridge, vol. 3; Williams P H
1983 Court and polity under Elizabeth I, Bulletin of
the John Rylands University Library 65; Adams S L
1984 Eliza enthroned? The Court and its politics, in
Haigh C A (ed.) The Reign of Elizabeth I, Macmil-
lan; Loades D M 1986 The Tudor Court, Batsford.
HaM HY)I(Hbi o6cT05ITeJibHbie, rro-HacTOH~eMy Hay"tJ-
Hbie YICCJie.z:t:OBaHYIH IIpYI.z:t:BOpHOH IIOJIYITYIKYI. Jllfl:JHbie
B3alfMOOTHOIIIeHYIH IIpYI .ll:BOpe MOryT 6biTb YI3yl:JeHbl


~====E==A=H=3a=B=e=T=a=I==A=H=r=A=H=H=C=K=a=~====~
rrpH rroMomn Williams N 1972 All the Queen's Men,
Macmillan; Brooks E StJ 1946Sir Christopher Hat-
ton, Cape; Wilson D 1981 Sweet Robin: a biograp-
hy of Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, Hamilton;
Rowse A L 1962 Raleigh and the Throckmortons,
Macmillan; and Lacey R 1971 Robert, Earl of Es-
sex, Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Acrrei<Tbi KYJibTYPbi H
pnrya.rra rrpH ,n;sope rroKa3aHbi y Yates F A 1975 As-
traea: the imperial theme in the sixteenth century,
Routledge & Kegan Paul; Strong R 1977 The Cult of
Elizabeth: Elizabethan portraiture and pageantry,
Thames & Hudson; Strong R 1987 Gloriana: the por-
traits of Elizabeth I, Thames & Hudson.
KJiaccHqecKoe ocBem;eHne, Ka.K EJin3aBeTa crrpas-
JIID.Iacb co csonMH rrapJiaMeHTaMH - 3TO Neale J E
1953, 1957 Elizabeth I and Her Parliaments, Cape
(2 vols). Ho sepciDI HHJia, c ee rrocTOJIHHbiMH: CTOJI-
KHoBeHIDIMH Me)K,ll;y rrypHTaHCKHM rrapJiaMeHTOM Ii OT-
6uBa.IOIIUfMOl npaBHTeJibCTBOM, 6biJia no,n;opsaHa -
ecJIH He pa3pymeHa - y Elton G R 1984 Parliament,
in Haigh C A (ed.) The Reign of Elizabeth I, Mac-
millan. IIpo6JieMbi yrrpasJieHIDI rrapJia.MeHTOM cosceM
c ,n;pyroH: ToqKH 3peHIDI paccMaTpnsaiOTCH y Graves M
A R 1980 Thomas Norton the Parliament man, His-
torical ]ournal23; Graves MAR 1983 The manage-
ment of the Elizabethan House of Commons: the
Council's 'men of business', Parliamentary Histo-
ry 2. Co6crneHHbii1: BKJia,n; Emf3aBeTbi o~eHnsaeTCH y
Heisch A 1975 Queen Elizabeth I: parliamentary rhe-
toric and the exercise of power, Signs, 1. YElton G
R 1986 The Parliament of England, 1559- 1581,
Cambridge pa60Ta rrapJia.MeHTa paccMaTpMsaeTCH rJiy-
6oKo HaytrHO, C ,n;eTaJibHbiM BHI1MaHJfeM K C03,ll;aHHIO
3aKoHorrpoeKTOB H npmHITH:IO 3aKOHOB. Bbi6opbi B IIa-
JiaTy o6mnH paccMaTpHBaiOTCH (Huor,n;a YM03pHTeJrb-
Ho) y Neale J E 1949 The Elizabethan House of Com-
~


R ==li=H=6=A=H=o=r=p=a=<P=H='I=e=c=K=H=:H=o=ti=e=p=K== JH
mons, Cape, and Hasler P W 1981 The House of
Commons, 1559-1603, History of Parliament Trust
(3 vols) val 1. B<DKHOCTh TiaJiaTbi Jiop,lloB TPY.D:HO
ou;eHHTh H3-3a MaJioro KOJIJiqecTBa 3arrHceii - HO oua,
Bepo~THO, 6hiJia ropa3,n:O 3HaqHTeJibHeH, qeM Ka>KeTC~
ce:Htiac.
Jlyqmee HCTOJIKOBaHMe orpaHMqeHHOCTM BOeHHbiX
pecypcoB B eJIM3aBeTHHCKoi1: AHrJIHM H npo6JieMbi HX
pa3Mememr~ - 3TO Cruickshank C G 1966 Eliza-
beth's Army, 2nd edn, Oxford, xoT~ Wernham R B
1984 After the Armada: Elizabethan England and
the struggle for western Europe, 1588-95, Oxford
He CTOJib neCCHMHCTHqeH OTHOCHTeJibHO .D:BM>KeHMH.
CTpaTerJiqecKHe BapMaHThi B pacrrop~>KeHHM EJIM3a-
BeThl H TPY.D:HOCTH KOHTpoJI~ 3a BOeHaqaJibHMKaMM
npe,n;cTaBJieHbl C TIOHHMaHMeM H ~CHOCTbiO B Wern-
ham R B 1961 Elizabethan war aims and strategy, in
Bindoff S T, Hurstfield J, Williams C H (eds) Eli-
zabethan Government and Society, Athlone. KaMIIa-
HM~ JleCTepa B Hli,ll;epiian,n;ax ou;eHMBaeTc~ y Mac-
Caffrey W T 1981 Queen Elizabeth and the Making
of Policy, Princeton; KaMrrami~ 3cceKca B HopMaH-
.AHM y Lloyd H A 1973 The Rouen Campaign, 1590-
92, Oxford; If KaMnamm B I1piiaH,n;MH y Falls C 1950
Elizabeth's Irish Wars, Methuen, and Falls C 1955
Mountjoy, Elizabethan General, Oldham. Ba>KHOCTb
'IaCTHOfO npe.n;npMHMMaTeJibCTBa B MOpCKHX BOeHHbiX
.n;eHCTBH~x noKa3aHa y Andrews K R 1964 Elizabet-
han Privateering, Cambridge; Andrews K R 1967
Drake's Voyages, Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Andrews
K R 1972 Sir Robert Cecil and Mediterrranean plun-
der, English Historical Review 87. Tipocpeccop 3H.n;-
piOc IIOKa3biBaeT, HaCKOJibKO BOIIpOC 0 'l!aCTHOH 1IpM-
6biJIH IIOBJIH~JI Ha IIOJIHTH'l!CCKMe peiiiCI-Um H ,n;eHCT-
Blm.


XPOHOAOfJ1qECKA.H
TAEAMQA
1533 Po)KtJ;CHHe EJIH3aBeThi
1536 Ka3Hb MaTepH EJIH3aBCTbi, AHHbi EoJICHH
1547 CMepTb OTI.(a EJIH3aBeThi, KopoJIJI feHpnxa VIII
1553 CMepTb 6paTa EJIH3aBCTbi, KopoJIJI 3,r~;yap,r~;a VI
1558 CMepTb cecTpbi EJIH3aBeTbi, KopoJieBbi Mapnn;
BcTyrrJieHHe Ha TpoH KopoJICBbi EJIH3aBeThi; Ha-
3Ha'!enne CecnJia rocy,r~;apcTBCHHbiM caKpeTapeM
1559 .l(orOBOp C <DpaHUHCH B KaTo-KaM6pe3H; IICTH-
UH.H rrapJiaMCHTa K KOpOJICBC, 'IT06bi OHa BbiiiiJia
3aMy)K; AKTbi o cyrrpeMaTHH H e,r~;HHoo6pa3HH B03-
pO)KtJ;aiOT pCJIHfHIO BpCMCH 3,r~;yap,r~;a C HCIIpaBJie-
HHJIMH
1560 AHfJIHHCKaJI BOCHHaJI HHTepBCHUHJI B lilOTJiaH,rJ;HIO;
CMCpTb 3MH ,l(a,TJ;JIH
1561 d1crraHcKaJI cTpaTerHJI~ Po6epTa ,lla,r~;JIH c UCJibiO
)KCHHTb6hi Ha EJIH3aBeTe; cKaH.n;aJibHbie cJiyxn o
EJIH3aBeTe H .l(a.n;JIH
1562 EJIH3aBeTa e,r~;Ba He yMHpaeT oT ocrrhr; CoBeT B
3aMCIIIaTCJibCTBC OTHOCHTCJibHO HaCJIC,rl;HHKa; aH-
fJIHHCKaJI BOCHHaJI HHTCpBCHUHJI BO <DpaHUHIO IIOC-
pe,r~;CTBOM <<HbiOXaHBCHCKOH aBaHTIOpbi~; B CoBeT
BBe,r~;eHhi ,lla,r~;JIH H HopcpoJIK
~


Iiffl===E=A=J=f=3a=B=e=T=a=I=A=H=r=A="="=~c=K=a=.si=== B
1563 llapJiaMeHr nocbiJiaer KopoJieBe rrenn..uno, qro6bi
oRa BbiiiiJia 3aMy)K H peiiiHJia norrpoc o HacJie.n:o-
BaHHH rrpecroJia; KOHBOKaiJ;H.si yrBep)K.n:aer ~39 cra-
reii:>>; apMH.si YopHKa yxo.n:Hr H3 faBpa
1564 ,lla.n;JIH rroJiyqaer rHryJI rpacpa Jlecrepa KaK B03-
MO)KHbiH rrpereH.n;eHr Ha 6paK c MapHeii: Crroapr
1565 EJIH3aBera HacraHBaer Ha yHHcpopMe B u;epKoB-
HOH o.n:e)K.n:e; pa3HorJiaCH.si rrpH .n;Bope Me)K.n:y Jiec-
repoM H HopcpoJIKOM
·
1566 ilapJiaMeHT IIOCbiJiaer IIeTHIJ;HIO 0 peiiieHHH BOIIpO-
ca o HacJie.n;crBaHHH
1567 BbiHY)K.ZJ:eHHoe orpeqeHHe MapHH Crroapr, Bcryrr-
JieHHe Ha rpoH MJia.n;eHu;a .HKoBa VI KaK Kopo;m
lllorJiaH.LUIH
1568 MapH.si 6e)KHT B AHrJIHIO H ee 6epyr rro.n: crp(l)Ky;
EJIH3aBera rrpHKa3biBaer 3axBaTHTb HcrraHCKHe
COKpOBHIIJ;a Ha IIYTH B HH.n;epJiaH.ZJ:bl
1569 3aroBop rrpH .n;Bope c u;eJibiO cBepreyrb CecHJia H
.n:o6nrbc.H )KeHHTb6hl Hop¢oJIKa Ha MapHH Cno-
apr; rro.n:aBJieHHe BoccraHH.si ceBepHbiX rpa¢oB
1570 Ka3HH B CeBepHoii: AHrJIHH; rrarrcKM 6yJIJia o6
orJiyqeHHH EJIH3aBeThi; B03o6HoBJieHHe cnJiereH o
EJIH3aBere
1571 3aKOH rrporHB .n:eii:crBH.si 6yJIJI H3 PHMa; Bero EJIH-
3aBeTbi Ha 3aKOHOIIpOeKT 0 IIOCeiiJ;eHHH u;epKBeH;
<<3aroBop PM,n;OJibcpH>> H apecr HopcpoJIKa
1572 ,llorOBOp C <l>paHI..(HeH B oJiya; Ka3Hb repu;ora
HopcpoJIKCKoro; EJIM3aBera conporMBJI.sJ:erc.s~ na-
)KHMY OTHOCHTeJibHO HCKJIIO"lleHH.si MapHH H3 "lJHC-
Jia HacJie.ZJ:HHKOB rrpecroJia; EepJIH craHOBHrc.s~
JIOp.ZJ:OM-Ka3HatieeM; Ha~mHaeTC.si ~AJiaHCOHCKOe
CBaTOBCTBO>>
1573 BaJibc:mrraM craHOBHTC.si rocy.n:apcrnenHbiM ceKpe-
rapeM


1574 KmmeHl(IUI B EpucroJie yJia)i<Jmaer HeKoropbre
crropHbie aorrpocbi c l1crraune:H; rrpu6biTHe rrep-
BblX KaTOJIHqecKIIX CB5IIl(eHHIIKOB M3 CeMIIHapHH
1575 fpii~aJI cMeH5Ier llapKepa Ha rrocry apxwerriic-
Korra Kenrep6epii:Hcrwro
1576 ilapJiaMeHT ITOCbiJiaer KOpOJieBe rreTMl(IIIO 0 6pa-
Ke; EJiuaaaera rrpuKaabrBaer fprmJ{aJiy aarrperMTb
TOJIKOBaHM5I Cmnn;eHHoro rrpeJ{aHII5I; OH orKa3bi-
aaerc5I; Ha"tfiiHaercH oqmquaJibHoe rrpa3J{HOBaHue
.l{HH acrynJiemrn Ha npecroJI
1577 EJIIIaaaera caMa rrpuKaabmaer rrpeKpaTIITb TOJIKO-
aaHIIH; fpM~aJI OTCTPaH5ICTC5I OT MCITOJIHeHM5I CBO-
HX o6HaanHocreH:; qJieHbi Coaera OKa3biBaiOT Ha
EJIHaaaery J{aBJieHIIe, qro6bi oHa BMernaJiacb B HII-
~epJiaHJ{CKHe ~eJia; npeHK Ha"lfHHaeT ITJiaBaHMe
BOKpyr CBeTa; rrepBa5I Ka3Hb CeMHHapiiHCKOfO CB5I-
Il(eHHIIKa
1578 Bo3o6HOBJieHHe neperoaopoa o 6paKe c AJiaHco-
HOM
1579 Bnaur AJiaHcoHa B AHrJIIIIO; KaMITaHIIH rrpoTHB
npeJ{rroJiaraeMoro 6paKa; Cra663 ny6JIHKyer ~or­
KpbiTIIe auHIOme:H rrporracrii~, a CrreHcep ~rracry­
rnecKIIH KaJie~apM; BOCCTaHMC B I1pJiaHJ{MII
1580 llpu6biTMC MMCCMOHepoB-HC3YMTOB B MrJIIIIO; B03-
Bpall(CHMe npeii:Ka
1581 3aKOHOITpOeKT 0 HOHKOHcpOpMM3Me HaJiaraeT Kpyrr-
Hbie rnrpacpbi aa nerrocemeHue u.epKBH; aropoH:
BII3IIT AJiaHCOHa a Anrmno
1582 KoHen; ~AJiaHCOHCKoro caaroacrna~
1583 3aroaop TpoKMoproHa rrporHB EJIH3aBeTbr; Yr!T-
mcpr cranoaurcH apxHerrHcKorroM Kenrep6epii:Hc-
KHM BMeCTO fpMHJ{aJia M CTpeMMTC5I I< n;epKOBHO-
MY KOHcpOpMH3MY
1584 CMeprn AJiancoHa, y6u:Hcrao BMJibrenbMa OpaH-
cKoro H J{Oroaop B )KyaiiBHJIJie (Me)KJ{y l1crra-


HHeH H <DpaHI.{HeH) OCJia6JHIIOT Me)K,l-lyHapO,l-lHOe
rroJIO)KeHHe EJIH3aBeTDr; o6paaoBaHHe «0Tp.H,l-la
6.l.{HTeJinHOCTH~ ,l-lJI.H aamHTbi EJIH3aBeTDr
1585 ,lloroBop B Honayxe c roJIJiaH,l-lCKHMH noBcTanQa-
MH; 3aKOll 0 He3yHTaX H CeMHHapHHCKHX CB.Hll.leH-
HHKaX rrpe,l-liiHCbiBaeT CMepTHYIO Ka3Hb ,l-lJI.H CB.H-
Il.leHHHKOB-MHCCHOHepOB H Tex, KTO HX yKpnmaeT;
anrJIHHcKoe Boennoe BMernaTeJinCTBO B HH,l-lepJiaH-
,l-lax IIO,l-l KOMaH,l-lOBaHHeM JiecTepa
1586 HaaHa"<IeHHe Tpex «yMepeHHnrx~ B CoBeT; aaro-
Bop Ea6HHrTOHa rrpoTHB EJIH3aBeTnr; rrapJiaMeH-
TCKHe rreTHI-lHH o Ka3HH MapHH
1587 3aroBop CTacpcpop,l-la rrpoTHB EJIH3aBeTnr; Ka3Hb
MapHH CTIOapT; aaKJIIO"<IeHHe ceKpeTap.H ,lleiiBH-
coHa B Tay3p, XaTTOH cTaHOBHTC.H JIOP.l-lOM-KaH-
1-lJiepoM; Ha6er ,llpeiiKa Ha Ka,l-lHC
1588 IIeperoBopnr c IIapMoii; rropa)KeHHe HcrraHcKoii
ApMa,l-lnr; o6pameHHe EJIH3aBeTni K apMHH B THJI-
6epH; cMepTn JiecTepa
1589 AHrJIHHCKHH rroxo,l-l Ha IIopTyraJIHIO; aHrJIHHCKa.H
BoenHa.H HHTepBeHI.{H.H B HopMaH,l-lHH IIO.l-l pyKo-
BO.l-lCTBOM YHJIJioy6H
1590 CMepTn BaJinCHHraMa; HOBnril: ceKpeTapn H:e Ha-
3Ha"<IaeTC.H
1591 ,llaJinHeHIIIHe aHrJIHHCKHe BOeHHI>Ie IIOXO,l-lbl BO
<DpaHI.{HIO: BO r JiaBe c 9cceKcoM B HopMaH,l-lHIO H
HoppHCOM B EpeTann; BBe,l-leHHe Po6epTa CecHJia
B CoBeT
1592 EJIH3aBeTa rrpHKaanmaeT 9cceKcy BepHyTnC.H ,l-lO-
Moii
1593 IlapJiaMeHT roJiocyeT aa T.H)KeJintii: BOeHHnrii Ha-
Jior; BOCCTaHHe B llpJiaH,l.{HH; Ha3HaLJeHHe 9cceK-
ca B CoBeT
1594 3aroBop Jlorreca rrpoTHB EJIH3aBeTDr; rrJioxoii ypo-
)KaH H BbiCOKHe l.{eHbl


1595 YHTm¢T H3,n:aeT KaJibBHHHCTCKIIe ~JiaM6eTCKHe
cTaTbH~, no EJIH3aneTa Hx ne yTnep)I<.n:aeT; nJio-
xoti ypo)I<aH
1596 Po6epT CeciiJI CTaHOBHTC.H rocy,n:apcmeHHbiM ceK-
peTapeM; anrJIHHCKIIH noxo.n: na Ka,n:IIc no rJiane c
fonap,n:OM I1 3cceKCOM; TIJIOXOH ypoJKali
1597 Bo.HIK na A3opcKHe ocTpona BO rJiane c 3cceKCOM
11 P9JIII; IIaJiaTa 06rn:IIH JKaJiyeTC.H na 3JioynoT-
pe6JieHII.H MOHOTIOJIHH; TIJIOXOH ypoJKaH
1598 ,llaJibHei1rnee T.HJKeJioe BOeHHoe naJioroo6JioJKelme;
KOtJ:H<iJHKa~H.H 3aKOHa 0 6e,n:HbiX; YCIIJieHHC 6opb-
6bi MeJK,n:y CecHJIOM 11 3ccer<COM nocJie cMepTH
EepJIH
1599 AHrJIHHCKHH BOeHHbiH noxo,n: B I1pJiaH,n:I1IO no,n:
pyKoBo,n:cTBOM 3cceKca; CecHJI cTaHOBHTC.H Mac-
TepoM no oneKe; nocJie BOeHHoro nopaJKeHH.H 3c-
ceKc 3aKmoqaeT ceKpeTnoe corJiarnenHe c THpo-
HOM If B03Bparn:aeTC.H KO ,n:Bopy
1600 OnaJia 3cceKca; OTKa3 EJIH3aBeTbi B0306HOBHTb
era MOHOTIOJIHIO Ha CJiatJ:KHe BHHa
1601 IIponaJI noccTaHII.H 3cceKca, era Ka3Hb; ,n:aJibHei1-
rnHe T.HJKeJibie BOeHHbie HaJiorH; .n:e6aTbi B IIamlTe
06rn:IIH o MOHOTIOJIH.Hx; ~30JIOTa.H peqb~ EJIH3ane-
Tbi; Jiop,n:-HaMeCTHHK MayHT.lJ:)KOH naHOCIIT nopa-
JKeHIIe TIIpoHy
1602 CecHJI roTOBIIT ncTynJieHHe Ha TpoH moTJiaH,n:cr<o-
ro KOpOJI.H 5JKOBa
1603 CMepTb EJIH3aneTbi


CepH.H «CAeA B HCTOpHH»
KpucmofjJep Xeuz
EnuaaBema I
AuznuiicKaJ£
Pe,z:{aKTop: IIepe~HCTblH H.
KoppeKTop: HymHoBa H.
Xy,z:{omHHKII: KaiiiTa.HOB C., liJJbiiHOB A.
KoMnbJOTepaa.a BepcTKa: EcpiiMOB M.
Jlm:~;eH3IIst JIP N2 062308 OT 24 cpeBpamr 1993 r.
C,z:{aHo B aa6op 15.07.97
IIo,z:{niicaHo B neqaTh 30.09.97
«l>opMaT 84x108 1f:J 2• ByM. ocpceTHa.a
rapHIITypa •TaHMC».
TIIpam 5000. 3aKaa M 286.
li3,z:{aTeJJbCTBO << «l>eHIIKC >>
344007 r. PocTOB-Ha-,r:(oHy, nep. Co6opHbiM, 17
OTneqaTaHo c rOTOBbiX ,z:{IIanoaiiTIIBOB B SAO «KHIIra»
344019 r. PocToB-Ha-,r:(oHy, yn. CoBeTcKaSI, 57


-v' OnmoBaR u poaHUttHaR mopeoBAR
KHU~HOU npoayK~Ueu
-v' HaaaHue KHue u ¢unaHcupoBanue
uaaameAbCKOU aeRmeAbHOCfflU
CBOUX napmHepOB
-v' Dbtcmpoo6noBARe.Mbltl
paanoo6pa3Hbltl accopmuMeHm
-v' CBoeBpe.MeHHaR aocmaBKa KHUe
ttonmetlnepaMu u
aBmompancnopmoM
B A106y10 mottKy Poccuu
-v' PaayMHbte ~eHbt
HBDBJKHOCl!J, K8lfBCl80, ODBPBTIBHDCT!J
Haw aApec:
344007, r. POCTOB-Ha-.QoHy,
nep. Co6opHbl.;1, 17
Ten. (8632) 62-55 -27, 62-47 -07
<l>aKc: 62-38 -11


Kmm1 YI3.LI.aTeJ1bCTBa <<¢eHYII<C>> MO)KHO npYio6-
pecni B KpynHeHwHx Mara3HHax r. MocKBbi
TJ1. <<Eu6.~wo-fAo6yc>>
yJJ. MHCHHUI\351, 6 (TeJJ. 925-24-57)
T/l. <<MocKBa>>
yJJ. TsepcKaH, 8 (TeJJ. 229-66 -43)
«MocKoBcKuu ooM KHucu»
Hosb!H Ap6aT, 8 (TeJJ. 290-45 -07)
<<MOAOOaR cBapoUR>>
yJJ. 13oJJbWaH TioJJHHKa, 28 (TeJJ. 238-50-01)
<</l.OM neoacOcUtteCKOU KHUcU>>
yJJ. flyWKHHCK35l, 7/5 (TeJJ. 229-50-04)
«MeOU4UHCKa5l KHUca»
KoMCOMOJJbCKHi1 r1pocr1eKT, 25 (TeJJ. 245-39 -27)
u opycux
ITo BOIIpOCaM OTIITOBLIX H MeJIIWOIITO·
BLIX IIOCTaBOK KIIHr H3)1;aTeJILCTBa <cWeHHI~C>>
o6pam;aiiTecL n r. MocKne n c:}lHPMY <<Puaac>>
Hoso,qaHIII.noscKafl Ha6epe>KHafl, 9.
(Ten 954-30-44).


1M.CTOPHH
IIepe~ saMH - He 6.11orpa¢IDI EJI.113aBeTbi I.
Cero~H.SI .11x HarmcaHo otJeHb MHoro. ABTop rrorrbr-
TaJicJI pa3HOCTOpOHHe npoaHaJI.I13.11pOBaTb OfibiT
rroJIHTMtJecKo:ti BJiaCT.I1 EJIM3aBeTbi. IIocne~HMe
l1CTOp.11'IeCKMe HCCJie~OBaHIDI - 06 apecTe pb51HbiX
npoTeCTaHTOB, o MaxMHaumix rroJIHTMKOB B Cose-
re, cy~e 11 napnaMeHTe, o rrnaHMpoBaHMM .11 npo-
Be~eHHH BOeHHblX .11 MOpCK.I1X KaMrraHMH - H3Me-
IDilll1 TOT yroJI 3pemm, ITO~ KOTOpbiM Tp~MUHOHHO
paccMaTpMsanacb JIH'IHOCTh EJIH3aBeTbi.
Astop TibrtaeTCJI rroHJITb, liTO MO)f(HO 6biJIO
O)I(M~aTb or )l(eHI.UHH B XVI BeKe 11 KaK HeKoto-
pbre 113 HMX npeo~oneBaJIH ~orMat, HaBJI3aHHbiH
MY)f('IHHaMM. O H He m~HT CBOio repoMHIO 11 3a-
qactyiO ynpeKaeT ee B 6e3~eJIMM. H o 3a 45 net,
KOTOpbre rrpoBena EJIM3aBeta Ha 6ecrroKOHHOM
aHrllHHCKOM tpOHe, eM rrpMXO~HllOCb pernatb He
. TOJibKO BOITpOCbi, CB513aHHbie C 3aMy)l(eCTB~M, Ha-
CJie~OBaHMeM, pe1Il1fl103HOH l1 fiOJIHTMlJeCKOH OIT-
TI03HUHeH l1 y r p030H l13-3a rpaHHUbi. fnaBHaJI
npo6neMa, KOTopyio ei1 rrpe~ctp511IO pemMTb -
rrpo6neMa BJiaCTM.
3Ta KHMra paCCKa)l(eT 0 TOM, KaK e:ti y~aBaJIOCb
y~ep)f(HBaTb TY orpaHM'IeHHYIO BJiaCTb, KOTOpOH
oHa o6na~ana.