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CH5I, nOCB5!ll.leHHa51 HepellleHHblM np06neMaM cKH onorHH
[.LlHCKYCCHOHHble rrp06neM , 1980].
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BeTcTBYIOllleH 06pa60TKH - cnY2KHT XOT5I H He e)l.HHCTBeH-
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pbl BHe TeppHTopHH H<;TOpHqeCKOH CKH HH. Bo-nepBblX,
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HO )l.nH pa3pa60TKH 060CHOBaHHOH CHCTeMbl )l.aTHpOBOK, 6e3
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npOHHKHoBeHHH OT)l.enbH X npe)l.MeTOB CKH CKOH MaTepH-
anbHOH KynbTYP B 06naCTH 06HTaHHH HH X nneMeH )1.0
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perHOHe H He n03BOJIHeT HCH HaJIbHOII KYJIbTYPbI B 3TOM
pa3Meru.eHHH. B HCTOPH4eC HX b 3aKOHOMepHOCTH TaKoro
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OH paCCMaTpHBaeTCH CJIHWKO: apxeo.'10rH4eCKHII MaTepHaJI.
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. , no MHeHHIO 11 M J1.
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CaMTaBpo H ,D.PyrHX ,D.alOT 0 H 3 pacKonoK MHHre4aypa.
KYJIbTYPY ,lJ.JIH Bcero nepHO,lJ. Y c HvH 2Ke nOJIYCKH<PCKYIO
,D.O H. 3.» [J1.bHKOHOB, 1956, c. 292 Me no V H ,D.a2Ke IV B.
cMaTpHBan npHBJIe4eHHbiM 11 M)' n 2K,lJ.Y TeM, eCJIH pac-
C n03Hll.HM apxeoJIora HeT . . .u.bHKOHOBbIM MaTepHaJI
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Bcex HMelOll{HXCH B Ha weM 0 B03MOX\HOCTH nOJIHbIH 0630p
CKH<pcKoro 06JIHKa B 3aKa paCnopH2KeHHH naMHTHHKOB
JIH3. BKa3be H IIX cOBoKynHbIM aHd-
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ll.HH 3JIeMeHTOB CKHcpCKOM alOlllHe npO JIeMY HHTepnpeTa-
KaBKa3be OCTaH OBHMC aTepHaJlbHOIi KYJIbTYPbI B 3a-
, 51 JIHWb lIa
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, 02KHO JIll C'IIIT3' .
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ro 3THoca, IIJIH ;'Ke OHH CBH,lJ.eTeJIb-
4
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IIHbIX cBH3eH 2KHTeJlell 3Toro perHoHa co cKH<paMH.
LIa e Bcero apxeo.'10rH4eCKHM MaTepHaJI llHTepnpeTH-
pyeTCH KaK OTpa2KalOll{lllf rrO,D.06HbIe CBH3H [Tpanlll, 1969,
c. 50; r06e,D.2KHlllBHJIH, 1952, c. 100-101 H ,D.p.]. Oc06eHHo
KaTeropH4Ho BbIcTynHJIa npoTHB Te3Hca 0 B03M02KHOCTH
CBH3bIBaTb HaXO,D.KH B 3aKaBKa3be CKH<pCKHX Beru.eM co
CKHcpCKHM 3THOCOM M. C. nHpll.XaJIaBa, rrOCB5ITHBWaH cepb-
e3H e H 06CTOHTeJIbHOe HCCJIe,D.OBaHHe naMHTHHKaM CKH<p-
CKOII KYJIbTypbI Ha TeppHTopHH rpY3HH [nHpll.XaJIaBa.
1975; nHpll.XaJIaBa, 1978 H ,D.p.]. no ee MHeHHlO, TOT <paKT,
qTO CKH<pCKHe BellJ.H 3,lJ.eCb HaXO,D.HT Bcer,lJ.a B OKpY2KeHHH
4HCTO MeCTHoro HHBeHTapH, CBH,D.eTeJIbCTByeT npOTHB rHno-
Te3bI 06 06YCJIOBJIeHHOCTH 3THX HaXO,D.OK npHcYTcTBHeM
CKHcpOB Ha TeppHTopHH rpY3HH. He ocnapHBaH B npHHll.H-
ne MHeHHH HCTOpliKOB II JIHHrBHCTOB 0 B03M02KHOCTH 60-
JIee HJIH MeHee ,D.JIHTeJIbHOrO npe6bIBaHHH CKH<P0B B 3aKaB-
Ka3be, OHa C4HTaeT, 4TO B apXeOJIOrH4eCKOM MaTepHaJIe
3TO rrpe6bIBaHHe OTpa2KeHHH He rrOJIY4HJIO.
PH,D. HCCJIe,D.OBaTeJIeM, O,lJ.HaKO, nOJIaralOT B03M02KHbIM
CBH3bIBaTb nO,D.06H e apXeOJIOrH4eCKHe HaXO,lJ.KH H3 3aKaB-
Ka3bH HerrOCpe,lJ.CTBeHHO C rrepe,D.BH2KeHHHMH CKH<pOB B 3no-
xy HX nepe,lJ.Hea3HaTCKIiX nOXO,D.OB. Ho H 3,D.eCb HeT e,lJ.HHCT-
Ba MHeHHM. HeKOTopble aBTopbI C4HTalOT, 4TO no KpaMHeH
Mep'e 4aCTb Bell{eH CKH<pCKoro 06JIHKa H3 3Toro . perHOHa
OTHOCHTCH ell{e K nepHO,lJ.Y rrpO,D.BH2KeHHH CKH<pOB B nepe,lJ.-
HIOIO A3HIO C ceBepa B VII B.,D.O H. 3. (CM., HanpHMep,
rKpyrrHoB, 1954; TexoB, 1971, c. 213-215; 11JIbHHCKaH, Te-
peH02KKHH, 1983, c. 401 II ,D.p.). COrJIa HO ,D.PyroH T04Ke
3peHHH, cKHcpcKa51 MaTepHaJIbHa51 KYJIbTypa, KaK TaKOBa5l,
CJI02KHJIaCb JlHWb B nepllo,D. rrpe6bIBaHHH CKH<P0B HJIH HX
4aCTH B nepe,lJ.HeH A3l1H [ApTaMoHoB, 1974, c. 34 CJI.; J1.b5l-
KOHOB, 1956, c. 242; J1.b5lKOHOB, 1981, c. 98). B rrOCJIe,D.Hee
BpeMH C 060cHoBalilieM MHeHHH 0 CBH3H 60JIbWHHCTBa na-
MHTHHKOB MaTepHa.lblloH KYJIbTypbI CKH<pOB B 3aKaBKa3be
HMeHHO C 06paTHbiM IIX .1BH2KeHHeM H3 nepe,lJ.HeM A3HIl Bbl-
cTynHJI, HeCKOJIbKO YT04HHB CBOIO npe2KHIOIO T04KY 3peHII5I,
B. B. TexoB, cocTaBHBwllii, B 4aCTHOCTH, KapTY MapwpYToB
3Toro B03Bparu.eHH5I [TexoB, 1980a, c. 18-19]. O,D.HHM 113
aprYMeHTOB aBTopa HBJI5JeTC5I TO, 4TO, no ero Ha6J1IO.J.eHlr-
HM, CKHcpCKHe MaTepllaJlbl H3 BOCT04HOM rpY3HH 60JIee ap.-
xaH4Hbl, 4eM IOrO-OCeTlIHCKHe, T. e. pacrrOJIOX(eHHble ceBep-
Hee. MHeHH5I 0 npHHa.1J1e/KHOCTH CKH<pCKHX ,lJ.peBHOCTell 3a-
KaBKa3b51 HMeHHO K 3TO Y 3Tarry npH,D.ep2KHBaJIC5I B npow-
JIOM H O,lJ.HH H3 aBTopOB .J.aHHOM pa60TbI [norpe60Ba M. H.,
1 !:)69J. 11 pHHI1.HnH3JIbHYIO Bo3MO)/{HOCTb TaKOH HX tiH'tepnpe-
TaI1.HH ,lJ.OnYCKaeT If M. C. DHpI1.xaJIaBa [1975, c. 19] I.
I1cCJIe,lJ.OBaTeJIIf, B Toll IWI! mlOH cpOpMe C'lHTalOw.He B03-
MO)KHbIM OTpa)KeHHe B 3aKaBKa3CKOM apXeOJIOrH'IeCKOM
MaTepHaJIe CKHCPCKHX nepe Hea3HaTCKHX nOXO,lJ.OB, HCnOJIb-
3YlOT 3TOT MaTepHaJI (Hap5l y C nHCbMeHHbIMH HCTO'lHHKa-
MH) H ,lJ.JI5I Onpe,lJ.eJIeHH5I KOHKpeTHbIX MapwpyToB 3THX no-
XO,lJ.OB. nYTH CJIe,lJ.OBaHH5I CKHCPOB MOrJIH npOJIeraTb no
KacnHHCKOMY n06epe)KblO H Llep6eHTCKOMY npOXO,lJ.Y, no
nepeBaJIaM ll.eHTpaJIbHOrO KaBKa3a HJIH no npH'lepHOMOp-
CKOH - TaK Ha3bIBaeMOH MeOTO-KOJIXH,lJ.CKOH - ,lJ.opore.
KaK H3BeCTHO, rOBOp51 0 nOXO,lJ.e Ma,lJ.H 51 , fepO,lJ.OT (1,
103-104) co06w.aeT, 'lTO orpoMHbIe CKHcpcKHe nOJI'lHw.a
BTOprJIHCb B MH,lJ.HHCKYIO 3eMJIIO, «HMe51 KaBKa3 no npaBYIO
PYKY». OOJIbWHHCTBOM HCCJIe OBaTeJIeH 3TOT n acca)\{ HC-
TOJIKOBbIBaeTC5I KaK YKa3aHIIe Ha npO,lJ.BH)KeHHe CKHCPOB
B,lJ.OJIb 3ana,lJ.HOro 6epera KacnHI1cKoro MOp5l, XOT5I cyw.e-
cTByeT npe,lJ.nOJIO)KeHHe, '1TO pe'lb 3,lJ.eCb H,lJ.eT 0 npoxo,lJ.ax
ll.eHTpaJIbHOrO KaBKa3a [KpynHOB, 1954; BHHOrpa,lJ.OB,
1964J. BMeCTe C TeM lIe5lC1I0, Bce JIH CKHcpcKHe nOXO,lJ.bl npo-
JIeraJIH no TOMY )Ke MapIlIpyry, 'lTO H noXO,lJ. Ma,lJ.H5I, HJIH
nYTb Toro nOCJIe,lJ.Hero 6b1JI, KaK npe,lJ.nOJIaraeT B. O. BH-
HOrpa,lJ.OB [1964). HCKJIIO'IeHHeM. OTCYTcTBHe B nHCbMeHHblX
naM5ITHHKax ACCHpHH H YpapTY ynoMHHaHHH 0 np5lMblX
CTOJIKHOBeHH5IX co cKHcpaMH CBH,lJ.eTeJIbCTByeT B nOJIb3Y
,lJ.BH)KeHH5I CKHCPCKHX BOHCK BOCTO'lHee TeppHTopHH 3THX ro-
CY,lJ.apcTB, B,lJ.OJIb KacnHiicKoro MOp51 [DHoTpoBcKHH, 1959a,
c. 244; BHHOrpa,lJ.OB, 1964, c. 35-36). B TO )Ke BpeM5I aHa-
JIH3 apxeOJIOrH'leCKOrO MaTepllaJIa npHBeJI O. O. nHOTpOB-
CKOro K BbIBO,lJ.y, 'lTO npOIlHKIIOBeHHe CKHCPOB B 3aKaBKa3be
,lJ.OJI)KHO 6blJIO ocyw.eCTBJI5JTbC5J pa3HblMH nYT5IMH, H, nO-BH-
,lJ.HMOMY, H3 pa3HblX MeCT. 3THM, no MHeHHIO HCCJIe,lJ.OBaTe-
JI5I, OT'laCTH 06 5ICH5IIOTC5I pa3JIH'lH5I B 06JIHKe CKIfCPCKHX
naM5JTHHKOB, HaHJLeHIILIX B 3iJna;UIOH H BOCTO'IHOH 'IaCT5IX
3aKaBKa3b51 (fDIIOTpOBcKHii. ] 959a, c. 245; DHoTpoBcKHH,
1954, c. 141]; CM. TiJK/Ke Jpyme pa60Tbl 3Toro aBTopa).
K TOMy )£{e 3aKJIIOIJeHHIO npUflleJI E. 11. KpynHOB Ha OCHO-
BaHHH Kap TorpacpHpoBaHI15J I1aXO,lJ.OK B 3aKaBKa3be CKUCP-
I HecKoJlbKO OC06 51KOM CTOIIT \IIICHHC T. CYJlHMHpcKoro. ITOJlara51,
'1TO Y>Ke B X-IX BB. .n.o H. 3. CKllcjJhl .10Jl>KHbl 6b1JlH n051BHTbC51 r.n.e-TO B
06JlaCT51X COBpeMeHHoro A3ep6aiiJl;KaHa, 110 C'IHTa51 B TO >KC BpeM51, 'ITO
H<pCKa51 MaTepHaJlbHaH Ky.lbTypa lIa 3TOM ,nane elll.e He ClPOpMHpO-
CK aCb, OH Bee >Ke !lllI.eT apxeO.iIOrJl'leeKlle nO;I..1BepJK;[eHHH npe6b1BaHH51
, <pOB B nOM paHOHe, cpaOllll1J3H opHaMeHlI'U:HIO KepaMHKH CPy6HOii
K)JlbTypbl H KOMn,leKCOB 113 Bono'IIIoro 3aKaoKa3b51 [ Sulimirsl'j 1 9 54
c. 291]. \ , ,
.
CKHX Bew.eH,rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M 3KOHe4HI1KOB CTpeJI
([KpynHoB, 1954J; CM. TaK)Ke [farJIOHTH, 1966)).
DO)KaJIYI"I, HaIl60Jlee CJIO)KHbIM npe,lJ.CTaBJI5IeTC5I Bonpouc
06 HCnOJIb30BaHHH MeoTo-KoJIXH,lJ.CKOII ,lJ.OpOrH, no KOTOpOH,
KaK... HeO,lJ.HOKpaTHo OTMe'laJIOCb B JIHTep3Type, np3K!H-
'IeCKH HeB03MO)\{HO npOJI.BH)\{eHHe 60JIbWHX rpynn BOHCK
(CM., HanpHMep, rLlb5lKOHOB, 1981, c. 99)). Ho nyTb no BO-
CTO'lHOMY n06epe)\{blO 4epHoro MOp5l, O'leBH,lJ.HO, BCe)\{e
HcnOJIb30Ba.1C5I. Ha cyw.ecTBoBaHHe ,lJ.peBHero nyTH H3 npH-
a30Bb51 B 3aKaBKa3be YKa3bIBaJI, K npHMepy, 51. A. MaHaf :
,lJ.5IH [1944, c. 45]. Bonpoc 0 nYT5IX, Be,lJ.yw.Hx H3 06JI3CTeH
CeBepo-3ana,lJ.HOrO KaBKa3a B 33KaBKa3be, npH06peTaeT
oc060e 3Ha'IeHHe Tenepb, KOr,lJ.3 'lpe3Bbl'laH 0 HHTepecHble
KOMnJIeKCbI, OTHOC5Iw.HeC5I K 3noxe CKHCPCKOH a pxaHKH, 06-
HapY)KeHbl no 06e CTOpOHbl 3ana,lJ.HOH 'laCTH fJIaBHOrO KaB-
Ka3CKoro xpe6Ta.
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CKHX ,lJ.peBHocTeII 3aKaBKa3b51 HeB03MO)KHa, pa3YMeeTC5I, 6e3
npHBJIe'leHII5I ,lJ.aHllbIX aHTH'lHblX H cpe,lJ.HeBeKOBblx aBTopoB
06 3TOM perHoHe, ero 3THO- H TonOHHMHKH, 3 TaK)Ke aCCH-
pHHCKHX H ypapTcKHX TeKCTOB, XOT5I MHoruHe H3 3THX HCTO'l-
HHKOB H He cOJ.ep)KaT np5lMblX YKa3aHHH H3 CP3KT 06HTa-
HH5I CKHCPOB B 06JIaCT5IX K lOry OT f JIaBHOrO KaBKa3CKoro
xpe6Ta. 3TH HCrO'IHHKH y)\{e npHBJIeKaJIH BHHMaHHe MHO-
rHX Y'leHbIX.
C. T. EpeM5IH Ifa OCHOBaHHH 061Hero aHaJIH33 Hc::opH'le-
CKOH cHTyaUHH npHWeJI K BbIBO,lJ.y, 'lTO CKHCPbI, npOH,lJ.5I 'le-
pe3 Llep6eHTCKHH npOXO,lJ., 3aXBaTHJIH Kyp -ApaKCHHCKYIO
HH3MeHHOCTL, BbITeCHI1JIH oTTy,lJ.a KHMMepHHI1.eB H 3aTeM
BTOprJIHCb B npeJ.eJlbl ApapaTCKOH ,lJ.OJIHHbl. O,lJ.HaKO, He cy-
MeB npOTHBOCT05JTb ypapT3M, OHH. OTOWJIH B HanpaBJIemm
COBpeMeHllbIX OpJI.y6a,lJ.a H Ll)KYJIbCPbl H ,lJ.3JIee Ha lOr, K
BOCTO'IHOM\' n06Cpe:il\blO 03. YpMH5I [EpeM5IH, 1968, c. 93-
94]. 5L A.' .\'\aH3HJI.5IH C'lHTaJI, 'lTO KHMMepHHcKo-CKHcpcKHe
nJleMeHa oceJIJ1 [J paIlOlIe flOMepH - JIeHHHaKaHa rMaHaH-
.LJ.5IH, 1944, c. 5-1]. I13Y'Iemle ,lJ.aHHbIX JIeoHTH MpOBeJIH
npHBeJIO B. E. KCJBaJleBcKYIO K 3aKJIIO'leHHIO, 'lTO KaKa5l-TO
'IaCTb CKHCPOB. B03Bpaw.aBwHXC5I H3 Depe,lJ.HeH A3HH, oceJIa
B paHoHe MuxeTLI [KoBaJIeBCKa5l, 1975].
Xopowo H3BeCTHO c006w.eHHe KceHocpoHT3 (Anab. u IV,
7, 18-19) 06 06HT3BweM B KOHI1.e V B. ,lJ.O H. 3. B paHOHe
40poxa n.leMeHII CKHCPHHOB. JIoKaJIH3aI1.H5I CKHCPHHOB pa3-
HblMH HCC.leJ.0f1iJre.TJ5IMH pa3JIH'laeTC5I B ,lJ.eT aJI 51 X, HO ue-
.110M If X CB5J3b1fJ310T C BepXOBb5lMH 40poxa H C nOHTIfl1CKIf-
MH ropaMII. Do MHeHIfIO D. Kpe'lMepa, CKHtpHHbl KceHo-
7
6
cpOHTa, ynoM5IHYTbIe TaK)Ke 1I.IIO.lI.OpOM (XIV, 29), 6bIJIH no-
TOM KaM II CKHcpOB, OCeBlllHX 3.lI.eCb B nep HO.lI. HX 28-JIeTHerO
BJIa.lI.b!4eCTBa B nepe.lI.HeH A3HH [Kretschmer, 1921, c. 946-
947] (CM. TaK)Ke KOMMeHTapHiI M. 11. MaKcHMOBOii B 1f3-
.lI.aHIIH [KceHocpoHT, 1951, KH. IV, npHMe4. 31». npaB.il.a
cyw.ecTByeT H .lI.pyroe MHeHHe, COrJIaCHO KOTOpOMy CKH:
cpHHbI KceHocpOHTa He HMelOT OTHOllleHHH K CKHcpaM a IIX
Ha3BaHHe 3THMOJIOrH3HpyeTc5I H3 MerpeJIO-4aHCKoro HCJIII-
TeJIbHOrO «lllKBaTH» - «ceMb» i[MeJIHKHlllBHJIH 1959 81
100; MHKeJIa.lI.3e, 1969, c. 75-78). "C. ,
. He.'1b351 060HTH MOJI4aHHeM H C006llI.eHHH MHorHX n03J,-
HellWHX aBTo p oB CB5I3bIBalO llI. He CKH .t. CKH u 3
' 't' H 3THOC C anaJ,-
HblM KaBKa30M H IOrO-BOCT04HOii 4aCTbIO n06epe)KbH 4ep-
Horo MOp51 (CM. 06 3TOM nO.lI.p06HO [norpe60Ba M H
1981 1). 3TH co06w.eHH5I, KOHe4HO, He HBJIHIOTCH npH bIM
CBII.lI.eTeJIbCTBaM H H MorYT 6bITb 06'bHCHeHbI nOBepXHOCT-
HbIM u 3HaKOMCTBOM rpeKOB, B nepBYIO 04ep e .lI.b MOpenJIaBa-
TeJIeH, C onHCblBaeMbIMH 06JIaCT5IMH. O.lI.HaKO Bp5l.lI. JIH
3.lI.eCb HMeJIO Mecro npOCToe nepeHeceHHe lllHpOKO H3BeCT-
Horo 3THlf4eCKoro HaHMeHOBaHH5I Ha Bce OT.lI.aJIeHHbIe H Ma-
JI03H aKOM bIe aH!H4HOMY MHpy 06JIaCTH. 3TOMY npOTHBO e-
'lilT B 113BeCTHOH Mepe Bbl60p04HblH xapaKTep ynoTpe6 e-
HH5I B nepHnJIaX TepMHHa «CKHcpCKHH» npH .lI.OBOJIbHO no,iJ.-
P06HOM nepe4HCJIeHHH HapO.lI.oB, )KHBYW.HX no IOMHOMY H
BOCT04HOMY 6eperaM 4epHoro MOp5l.
CKHcpOB, HJIH caKoB, 06HTalOllI.HX B HenOcpe.lI.cTBeHHoii
6JIH30C';,H C aJI6aHaMH, ynoMHHalOT TaUHT (Ann. II 68)
nJlHH!!1! (VI, 13, 18-39), AppHaH (Anab. III 8 4) A :
M5IHCKHe IICTOpHKH Ha3bIBaJIH CKllcpCKHM MacKYTc oe 'ua P_
CTBO B npHKacnHiicKOM paiiOHe [EpeM5IH, 1966). Ko e4H
K 3TIIM .'1.aHHbIM Ha.lI.O nO.lI.XO.lI.HTb 04eHb OCTOpOMHO HO '
C w.eCT£3oBaHHH B .lI.peBHOCTH Tpa.lI.HUHH, CB5I3blBalO eH 3T :
o JI CTII co cKHcpaMH, OHH, 6e3YCJIOBHO, CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBYIOT
o M HeHHIO K. B. TpeBep, nOTOMKH CKHCPCKHX, HJIH ca -
CKIIX. n.lCMeH BOlllJlII B AJI6aHCKHH COlO3 [TpeBep, 1959,
c 491. YI. M. .Llb5lKOHOB c4HTaeT, 4TO CKHcpbI COCTaBHJlII
O)(IIH IU, KOMnOHeHTOB (XOT5I no 4HCJIeHHOCTH H He3Ha4H-
TeJIbHblll), BOWe.lI.lllHX B COCTaB apM5IHCKOrO HapO.lI.a B KOH-
ue npOUI'Cca ero CPOpMHpOBaHH5I - K VI B .lI.0 H 3 [.Ll
KOHOB, 1968, c. 237). 0 CB5I351X npe.lI.KoB apM5IH o 'CKH
MH H 9 6 IiX COBMeCTHoii 60pb6e npOTHB ACCHpllH .lI.eJlaJlHCb
3aKJlI f.'III!5J II Ha OCHOBaHHH aHaJIH3a .lI.aHHbIX MOHceH Xo-
peHn.: o. 3TOT aBTOp, B 4aCTHOCTH, ynoMHHaeT napyii-
pa --- nCf)[Joro BeHueHocua A p MeHH H ' OH Ha3Ba
C . 'H «CbIHO:'.1
KaHOpJ,bI», I{TO nepeBO.lI.5IT KaK «C H fICflOJIHHa» HJUt
8
. .
«cbtit cKH4>a . CBH3b - itcTOpHQecKYIO ImH JIereH.lI.apHYIO-
3Toro npaBHTeJI5I co cKHcpaM II .lI.OnycKalOT MHorHe I1CCJle.lI.o-
saTeJIH[nHOTpOBCKHiI, 1959a, c. 124-127; KanaHUHH,
1947, c. 150-151; .Llb5lKOHOB, 1956, c. 313; .Llb5JKOHOB,
1968, c. 237-238). «AcKaHa3cKHM» (CKHcpCK.HM) pOJ.OM Ha-
3bIBaeT apMHH .lI.pyroH paHHeCpe.lI.HeBeKOBbI!! IICTO'lHIIK-
«)I(HTHe MalllToua» KoplOHa.
He pa3 nO.lI.HHMaJIC5I B JIHTepaType H Bonpoc 0 JlHHrBH-
CTH4eCKHX cpaKTax, YKa3bIBa IOllI.HX Ha CKHcpo-ca pM a TCKlIe
3JIeMeHTbI B rpY3HHCKOM H3bIKe. 1I.JI5I Hac oc06eHHO HHTe-.
peCHbI JIHHrBHCTH4eCKHe CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBa CB5I3eii, OTHOC5IllI.HX-
C5I K .lI.OCapMaTCKoii 3noxe. TaK, M. K. AH.lI.pOHHKaWBIIJIH
OTMe4aeT CJIY4aH .lI.peBHeHWHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHii B rpY3HH-
CKOM H3 ceBepOHpaHCKHX H3bIKOB, OTHOC5IllI.HeCH, no ee MHe-
HHIO, K CKHCPCKOMY BpeMeHH [AH.lI.pOHHKaWBHJIH. 1966,
c.525].
H3Y4eHHe TonOHHMHKH .lI.peBHero 3aKaBka3bH TaKllie
npHBo.lI. HJIO MHorHX HCCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIeH K 3aKJII04eHllIO 06 oce-
.lI.aHHH 3.lI.eCb KaK KHMMepHHueB, TaK H CKHcpOB [EpeM5IH,
1968, c. 92-93; MeJIHKHlllBHJIH, 1959, c. 223 CJI.; .LlbHKO-
HOB, 1956, c. 237; .LlbHKOHOB, 1968, c. 169 H .lI.p.]. Oc060e
MeCTO 3.lI.eCb 3aHHMalOT CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBa rpe4ecKHx. JIaTHH-
CKHX H a pMHHCKHX aBTopoB 06 06JIaCTH CaKaceH a. K KOTO-
pbIM MbI 06paTHMcH HeCKOJIbKO n03Me. nOnbITKII CBH3aTb
co cKHcpaMH Ha3BaHHH HeKoTopbIX «cTpaH» ypapTcKHx Ha.lI.-
nHceH [Mapp, 1935, c. 20, 35; MellI.aHHHOB, 1937; 'waKoB,
1946, c. 42 H .lI.p.] BPH.lI. JIH OCHOBaTeJIbHbI (CM. 06 310M
nO.lI.p06HO [BapaMH.lI.3e A. A., 1963, c. 23J); TOMY Me, KaK
YMe OTMe4aJIOCb, caMO OTCYTCTBHe B aCCHpHHCKIIX II ypapT-
CKHX TeKCTax CBe.lI.eHHH 0 npe6bIBaHHH 3.lI.eCb CKHcpOI1 :wcra-
T04HO nOKa3aTeJIbHO [nHOTpOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 244]
npe.lI.npHHHM aJIHCb nOnblTKH B03BeCTH K HMeH I! CK IIcpOB
HeKoTopbIe TonOHHMbI, npHBO.lI.HM ble 60JIee n03JJ.H I! \1 I! 3BTO-
paMH, XOTH nO.lI.06HbIe Ha3BaHH5I - .lI.aMe B C,1Y4ae IIX npa-
BHJIbHOii 3THMOJIOrH3aUHH - He MorYT, KOHe4HO, O:UI03Ha4-
HO CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBOBaTb 0 npHcyTcTBHH 3.lI.eCb B :lI)l'£3HOCTH
CKllcpCKoro 3THoca. TaKoBo, HanpHMep, npHBo.1HMOC MOlIce-
eM KaJIHHKaTyiicKHM Ha3BaHHe MeCTHOCTIf IlIH\111IIIKap B
06JIaCTH Apuax, 3THMOJIOrH3HpyeMoe K. n. naThaHo£3blM
KaK «CKaJIa CKHcpOB» [naTKaHoB, 1877, c. 51. flplIMe4.
170; nHOTpOBCKHii, 1959a, c. 244; Mapp, 1935. c 195].
no MHeHHIO r. A. MeJIHKHlllBHJIH [1959, c. 22.t]. 4aCTb
CKHcpCKoro HaCeJIeHH5I MOrJIa oceCTb H .lI.aMe B Oil pc .'I,e.1efI-
HbIH nepHO.lI. YTBep.lI.HTb CBOIO nOJIHTH4eCKYlO rerC\101lHlO B
BOCTO'tHOH fpY3HH, r.lI.e B .lI.peBHeM Ha3BaHHH KBC\10 KapT-
9
JIH ( rU)lap'Yj"' rpetJeCl<ttx H ryrapK apMHHCKItX ItctOqtnt-
KOB) MO)KHO rrpOCJIe,fJ.UTb KopeHb «ror», CBH3aHHblH C 6u6-
JIeHCKUM HaUMeHOBaHueM CKUcpOB.
BeCbMa ,fJ.UCKYCCUOHeH Borrpoc 0 MeCTOHaXO)K,fJ.eHUH
(KaK U Bo06UJ.e 0 CYUJ.eCTBOBaHUU) «CKucpCKoro uapCTBa»
K lOry OT f JIaBHOrO KaBKa3CKoro xpe6Ta B nepHO,fJ. nOJIHTU-
qeCKOH aKTUBHOCTU CKUcpOB B Depe,fJ.HeH A3UH. YnoTpe6JIe-
Hue B accupHHCKUX UCTOtlHUKax ,fJ.eTepMUHaTUBa kur (CTpa-
Ha) rrpUMeHUTeJIbHO K 06JIaCTU, 3aHHTOH CKucpaMU, cepbe3-
Hoe OTHOllIeHHe aCCHpUHueB K B03M02KHOCTU 6paKa CKUcp-
CKoro UapH DapTaTya C accupUHCKOH uapeBHOH, YKa3aHUH
aHTUtIHblX UCTOPUKOB Ha CKucpCKoe rOCrrO,fJ.CTBO B Depe,fJ.HeH
A3UU, yrroMuHaHue 6u6JIeHCKUMU rrpopOKaMU CTpaHbI CKU-
cpOB a O,fJ.HOM pH,fJ.y C TaKUMU ,fJ.peBHeaOCTOtIHblMH rocY,fJ.ap-
CTBaMU, KaK MaHHa U YpapTY, - Bce 3TO npUBeJIO K a03-
HUKHOBeHUIO rrpe,fJ.rrO.1JO)KeHU5I 0 CYllI.eCTBOaaUHU B VII a.
.n.o H. 3. B Depe.n.HeH A3UU CKucpCKoro rocy.n.apCTBeHHoro
06pa30BaHU5I [1I.b5lKOHOB, 1956, c. 250 CJI.; AJIHeB, 1960,
c. 170-171 U .n.p.]. K. WecpOJIb.n. Bo06llI.e CqUTaJI a03MO)K-
HblM paccMaTpuBaTb CKUCPCKYIO .n.ep2Kaay B Depe.n.HeH A3HH
KaK HerrOCpe,fJ.CTBeHHYIO rrpe.n.llIecTBeHHHuy MU.n.UHCKOH
'fSchefold, 1938]. B He,fJ.aBHUX pa60Tax .n.aaaJIaCb .n.a2Ke co-
UUaJIbHa51 xapaKTepucTuKa 3Toro rrpe.n.nOJIaraeMOro UaPCT-
aa rXa3aHoB, 1975, c. 224-225].
DOJIbllIUHCTBO uCCJIe,fJ.OBaTeJIeH,. rrpu3HalOUJ.ux cym.ecTao-
BaHue CKucpcKoro UapcTBa B Depe.n.HeH A3UU, JIOKaJIU3YIOT
ero B IOro-BoCToqHoM 3aKaBKa3be, a paHoHe MUJIbCKOH
CTerru. Do.n.06Ha51 JIOKaJIU3aUUH, He HMelOUJ.a51 Herrocpe.n.CT-
BeHHoro rro.n.TBep)K,fJ.eHU5I B ,fJ.aHHblX rrUCbMeHHbIX UCTOqHH-
KOB, 6a}UpyeTc5I Ha ueJIOM pH,fJ.e KOCBeHHblX ',fJ.OKa3aTeJIbCTB.
Cpe,fJ.U HUX U rrepBble yrroMuHaHUH B accupUHCKUX UCTOqHU-
Kax rrpUCYTCTBU5I CKUcpOB B BOCTOqHblX rro OTHOllIeHUIO K
Accupuu p,aHOHax, U yrroMHIIYTblH BblllIe rraCca)K fepo.n.OTa
OTHOCUTeJIbHO" rrYTU CKUcpOB, rrpe.n.B0.n.UTeJIbCTByeMblx Ma.n.u.
eM, U CTerrHOH JIaH,fJ.llIacpT IOrO-BOCTOtIHOH qaCTU 3aKaB-
Ka3b5l, 51 Ko6bI Hau60JIee COOTBeTcTBYIOUJ.UH xapaKTepy 2KU3'
HU CKUCPCKUX KOtIeBHIIKOB, a TaK)Ke TO 06CT05lTeJIbCTaO qTO
B UCTOpUqeCKOM OTHOlueHlI1I ,lOro-BoCToqHoe 3aKaB a3be
rrpe.n.CTaBJI5IJIO C060H «cBo6oJ.Hoe MeCTO», He BXO,fJ.HBllIee a
H3BeCTHbie HaM rOCYJ.apCTBeHHble 06pa30Ba HU 5I Toro Bpe-
MeHu. 11. M. 1J.b5lKOHOB I3IUIIT rrO,fJ.TBep2K,fJ.eHUe cpaKTa cy-
UJ.eCTBOBaHU5I CKucpCKoro uapCTBa B 3aKaBKa3be BrrJIOTb .n.o
HatIaJIa VI a. AO H. 3. B TOM; qTO, <forJIaCHO repo.n.OTY,
HMeHHO CKUcpbl AaJIU MH;lHHaM nOBoJJ/K BOHHe C JIu.n.HeH:
[1I.b5lKOHOB, 1956, c. 29 I J
10
ApxeOJIOrUqeCKUMU no.n.TBepiK,fJ.eHUHMU J101 aJIH3aUUH
«CKucpcKoro uapcTBa» B IOro-B cToqHO A3ep6aH,fJ.iKaHe, B_
pa HoHe MIIJIbCKOl"! II MyraHcKoll CTerreu, Mbl rrOKa He pac
rrOJIaraeM (CM., HarrpliMep, [XaJIliJIOB, 1971)) 2, XOTH, KOHeq-
HO OTCYTCTBue apxeO.rIOrUqeCKOrO MaTepUaJIa He M02KeT a
.n.a HOM CJIyqae 6blTb pellIalOUJ.UM aprYMeHTOM.
BTOpOH pal!OH 3aKaBKa3b5l, Hau60JIee qaCTO OT02K,fJ.eCT-
BJI5IeMbIH co «CKUCPCKUM UapCTBOM» VIla. ,fJ.0 H. 3., - 06._
JIaCTb CaKaceHa, yrroMHHaeMaH CTpa60HoM KaK rrorpaHu,:
Ha51 C KaBKa3cKoll AJI6aHHell U pacrrOJI02KeHHa51 3a peKOH
ApaKc (Strab. XI, 14, 4). 06"b5lCH5I5I rrpOHCX02K,fJ.eHUe 3Toro
Ha3BaHU5I CTpa60H rroBecTByeT 0 TOM, KaK caKU, COBep'
llIaBllIue OXOJ.b! «qOJl.06HO KHMMepUHu,:M U Tpep M», «3a-
BJIa.n.eJIU B ApMeHUU HaUJIyqllIeH 3eMJIeH, KOTOpOH OCTaBH-
JIU OT CBoero 1Ie-!eHU U Ha3aaUHe CaKaceHbl» (XI, 8, 4). OT-
CYTCTBue 3J1.eCb yrroMuHaHU5I 0 CKucpax, XOTH a .n.pyrux Me-
CTax rrOBeCTBOBaHli51 CTpa60Ha (I, 3, 21) OHH a no.n.06HoM
KOHTeKCTe Ha3BaHbl, cBu.n.eTeJIbCTByeT, KaK npe.n.cTaaJIHeTCH,
qTO UMeHHO eBporreHcKue CKHcpbI rro.n.pa3YMeBaIOTC5I rro.n.
caKaMU B paccKa3e 0 CaKaceHe. 0 TOM, qTO B cpe.n. e CKU:
cpOB rrpllwe,'lllIlIX B Depe.n.HIOIO A3UIO U3 IOro-BocToqHOH
EBp rrbl, 6blTOBaJI 3THOHUM «caKH», rrUllIeT 3. A. fpaHToB'
CKUll rrpullIe.'lUlliH K TaKOMY abIBO.n.y Ha OCHoaaHUU aHaJIU-
3a H ,fJ.rrIICU Awwyp6aHarraJIa U3 HUHeBuu, r.n.e Tyr.n.aMMe
(JIur,fJ.aMUC CTpa60Ha) Ha3BaH uapeM YMMaH MaH.n.a, ca-
KOB U rYTueB [fpaHTOBcKUH, 1975, c. 84]. 11rpap AJIuea,
orrUpa5lCb Ha TY ,Ke Ha.n.nUCb, .n.eJIaeT BbIBO.n., qTO CTpa60H
B rrpuBeJJ.euHoM rracca2Ke UMeeT B BU.n.y rrox O.n.bl H,e TOJIbKO
rrO,fJ.06Hble HO 11 o.n.HoBpeMeHHble KUMMepuHcKuM «(AJIUeB,
1979, c.' 10-11]; 06 ynoM5IHYTOli Ha,fJ.rrUCU CM. (Ta,fJ.M?p,
1962; 1J.aH,fJ.aMaeB, 1977]). J10KaJIU3Y51 CaKaceHY B pauo-
He Ka3axa - KlipOBa6a.n.a, 11rpap AJIuea CqUTaeT HeCOM-
HeHHblM CYUJ.ccTBoBaHue B 3TOM paHoHe U CKHcpcKoro rocy-
,fJ.apCTBeHHoro 06pa30BaHu5I VII B. ,fJ.O H. 3. B KaqeCTBe ap-
xeOJIOrUtIeCKOrO rrOJl.TBep2K.1eHU5I 3Toro rrOJI02KeHU5I aBTOp
2 DoraTblii II IIpaKTH'JeCKH YHHKaJlbHbIii KOMI1J1eKC paHIIHx CKH<PCKH
Belll.cii H30eCTC'1! B paliOlie K lOry OT 03. YpMH51; 9TO BceMHpHO H3BeCTllblli
CaKKbl3CKHii K.laJ. (IIJlH KJla.ll 113 3I1BHe) [Ghirshmal1, 1950; Godar ,
1950 H .'Jp.1. cOCTaB.15I101lI.Hii, 110 "IlIeHHIO 60JlbIIlHHCTBa HCCJle.llOBaTeJle
IlIlfJf'HTap!, noq)( C)("Iif1 CKHcpCKor BO)Kl1.5I. O.llHaKO JlOKaJlH3aLlH51 B 9TO
pai'Iol!c ne [1:).,r' 'JZ:l!lIe CIOIcpOR 3acpHKcHpoBaHo H I1I1CbMeHHbIMH HCTOq-
I!IIKaM I;;; ro('\'. aDCToeHHoro 06"ellHHeIlH51 TaK>Ke BCTpe'laeT ol1pe.lleJleH-
Hble TPY'1HOCTII' (c 1. [D.b5IKOHOB. 1956, c. 247-248]), XOT51 He HCKJllOqe-
Ha R03MOiKHOCTI, C\'IUeCTBOBaHH5I 3;1eCb onopHoro I1YHKTa CKHcpOB ([nHOT-
pooeKHII. 1959<1, c: 245}; 0 cKllcpax B MaliHe CM. TaK>Ke (TaAMop, 1962,
c. 241]).
11
npHBO.ll.HT H3BeCTHble MHHre'laypCKHe rrorpe6e A
JIOrH'IeCKHe a prYMeHTbI, BbI,rJ.BHHYTbIe B HHST. pxeo-
MHeHHH, 6Y,rJ.YT CrreUHaJlbHO rrpOaHaJIH3H p :i = e noro'
JIe '1ero MbI H BepHeMCH ' rroc-
C. T. EpeMHH TaK)Ke rro;a OCY 0 «CKH<pCKOM uapCTBe».
Ua pCTBa 6bIJIa paBHHHa 6J1I13 'Co:;o ueHTpOM CKH<pCKoro
B a pMHHCKHX HCTO'lHHKaX HOCHma eMeHHoro I(HpoBa6a,rJ.a,
(Saka-seyn) {EpeMHH, 1968, c. 94 H Ha3BaHHe llIaKallJeH
.KOHOBa, CaKaceHa CTpa60Ha 6bIl no M eHHIO l1. M. 1I.bST-
HHeM ( *Sak J1, MH,rJ.HHCKHM HaHMeHOBa-
a-;:,ayana «06HTaeMaH
H,rJ.pa 6bIBllJerO CKH<pcKoro a TeppHTopHH caKoB»)
KaJIH3aUHfO 3Toro ua CTBa : TBa, 'ITO.H onpe,rJ.e.JIHeT JIO-
Ba6a,rJ.a) H TepPIITOp eH MaHH ,rJ.y KYPOH (ceBepHee I(HPO-
KOHOB 1956 C 251 ) P B bI BOKpyr 03. YpMHST [1I.bST-
, ,. " apHeT TaK)K
OCeJIH B CaKaceHe[Barrrett, 1962 '1HTaeT, '1TO C H<PhI
B COBpeMeHHOM A3ep6aH,rJ.)KaHe ,C. ), rrOMemaeMOH HM
CymecTByeT H ,rJ.pyraH TO
CKOM: uapCTBe B ne e H u '1Ka 3peHHH Ha Borrpoc 0 CKH<p-
rrpe)K,rJ.e BcerO B H p f ,rJ. eH A3HH. PH,rJ. HCCJIe,rJ.OBaTeJIeH H
. . paKOB Bo06m '
HOCTb ,rJ.JIHTeJIbHoro H rro' e OTpHuaIOT B03MO)K-
TBep,rJ.O <pHKCHpOBaHHOH : ;=: ; 06 TaHHST uCKH<POB H3
rOBopH y*e 0 cymecTBoBa H B epe,rJ.HeH A3HH, He
pa30BaHHH rfpaKoB, 1954 H H 132 e b rOCY,rJ.apCTBeHHoro 06-
HOrpa.ll.OB, 1964; XaJIHJlOB.' 19'71 ) ' OpaKoB, .1971. c. 2?; BH-
pHTopHeH H .lI.JlH 3Toro B . CHOBHOH CKH<pCKOH Tep-
TaIOT TOJIbKO rrpH'IepHOM eHH Ha3BaHHbIe 3BTOpbI C'IH-
BO)K,rJ.H cOBe p llIa JlH CBO KlIe CTerIH, OTKY,rJ.a CKH<pCKHe
H IO)KH ble P eH,rJ.
HCKJIfO'IaeT Bep05lTHOCTH bI, '1TO, KOHe'lHO, He
HJIH B 3aKaBKa3be HX B p eCTBOBaHH5I B nepe,rJ.HeH A3HH
A HHblX orropHblx paHoHoB
pXeOJIOrH'IeCKHH MaTepH ( .
rrpaBHJlO, Y'lHTbIBaeTC5I rrpH a 6 11 H.1IH ero OTCYTcTBHe), K3K
pellIeHHH Borrpoca 0 C 0 OCHOBaHHH Toro HJIH HHoro
XOTH MHorHe HccJIe,rJ.oBIT: TBoBaHIIH CKH<pcKoro uapCTBa,
HbIH MeCTHbIH KOMrrOHeH rro.l'1epKHBaIOT, '1TO 3Ha'lHTeJIb-
CTBa, 6Y,rJ.e OHO CYmeCTB B JIC CTaBe HaCeJIeHHH 3Toro uap-
ero MaTepHaJlbHYIO K JIbT ,.10 )KeH 6bIJI HaJIO)KHTb H3
HHrt-.o p MaTH BHO Y YPY CBOII OTrre'laTOK. K oueHKe
Y> CTH 3Toro MaTepHa
Mbl CKH<pCKorb l{a p CTB a JIa B OCBemeHHH rrp06JIe-
MbI BepHeMC5I HH)Ke
npHBJIeKaeT BHHMaHHe a .
3aKaBK33bH B rr OI.{ecce pxeO.'lOrOB H Borrpoc 0 pOJIl"
KYJlbTYPOH 3 eMeHTO YCBoeHH5I CKH<pCKOH MaTepHa.'IbHOH
B '1aCTlrOCTH, Hepe,rJ.KO ;aK Ky.1bTyphl rrepe,rJ.Hea3HaTCKOH.
cBoeotfpa3HbIH MO CT aBKaihe paCCMaTpHBaeTC5I KaK
, '1epe3 KOTO p bIJ1
nep e .ll.Hea3H3TCKoro HCK Y CCT OT.lI.eJlbHble MOTHBbI
Ba rrpOHHKaJIH B CKH<j>CKYIO C p e-
12
JJ.Y, rJJ.e OHH HJIH rrOJIY'IaJlH ,rJ.aJlbHeHllIee pa3BHTHe, HJlH,
npocymecTBoBaB HeKoTopoe BpeMST, HC'Ie3aJIH [nHOTpOB-
'CKHH, 1959a, c. 45 CJI.; TexoB, 1976; nHpuXaJlaBa, 1975,
c. 21; nHpuXaJlaBa, 1978; MaKcHMoBa, 1954 H ,rJ.p.]. KOH-
ueHTpau HH B 3aKaBKa3be OT,rJ.eJlbHbIX 3J1eMeHTOB CKH<pCKOH
KYJIbTypbI, B '1aCTHOCTH 0pY)KHH, crroc06cTBoBaJla B03HHKHO-
BeHHIO TeopHH 0 3aKaBKa3CKOM rrpOHCXO)K,rJ.eHHH HeKoTopbIX
cP0pM CKHcPcKoro 0pY)KIIH [[06e,rJ.)KHllIBHJlH, 1952]. HHorJJ.a
,rJ.eJIaJIHCb rrOnbITKH rrpOCJle,rJ.HTb Ha 3aKa BKa3CKOM M a Te-
pHaJle H reHe3HC TaKHX cP o pM[norpe60Ba M. H., 1969].
06cY)K,rJ.aeTcH TaK)Ke Borrpoc, CbIrpaJIO JlH HCKYCCTBO nJle-
MeH 3aKaBKa3bH orrpe,1e.leHHYIO pOJlb B CJlO)KeHHH CKHcPCKO-
ro HCKyccTBa, rrpH'IeM HeKoTopble aBTopbl OTBe'laIOT Ha He-
ro nOJlO)KHTeJlbHO [naHllxaBa, 1975; TexoB, 1976].
BeccnopHbIH HHTepec Ka K C '1HCTO a pXeOJlOrH'IeCKOM,
TaK H C HCTOpH'IeCKOH TO'lKH 3peHHH npe,rJ.cTaBJlHeT B3a HMO-
OTHOllIeHHe CKHcPCKOH II ypapTcKoH MaTepHaJlbHOM KYJIbTY-
Pbl. CO'leTaHHe CKHcPCKIIX H ypapTcKHx BemeH npOCJle)KH-
BaeTCH He TOJlbKO BO BceMHpHO H3BeCTHbIX ypapTcKHX ueHT-
pax, HO H 3Ha'lHTeJlbHO ceBepHee, B '1HCTO MeCTHbIX 3aKaB-
Ka3CKHX H ,rJ.a)Ke B c06CTBeHHO CKHcPCKHX (KeJIepMec, JI H-
TOM KypraH) KOMrrJleKcax.
npHHHMaJIHCb BO BHHMaHHe 3aKaBKa3CKHe naMHTHHKH
H rrpH aHaJlH3e rrp06J1e bI rrpOHCXO)K,rJ.eHHH CKHcPOB. TaK,
A. 11. TepeHo)KKHH C4IITaJl, 'ITa OTCYTCTBHe B 3aKaBKa3be
naMHTHHKOB THrra HOBO'lepKaCCKoro KJlaJJ.a rrpH 06HJlHH
3JJ.eCb 3J1eMeHTOB c06CTBeHHO CKHcPCKOM KYJlbTypbl CBH,rJ.e-
TeJIbCTByeT 06 OTCYTCTB HH 3THoreHeTH'IeCKOH CBH3H Me)K,rJ.Y
HOCHTeJIHMH 3THX KYJlbTYP H COOTBeTCTBeHHO rrpoTHB aBTO-
XTOHHoro rrpH'IepHOMOpcKoro rrpOHCXO}!{,rJ.eHHH CKHcP0B [Te-
peHO)KKHH, 1971, c. 22-23].
Oc060e MeCTO 3aHIi aeT Borrpoc 0 rrpe6bIBaHHH B 3a-
KaBKa3be KHMMeplIihleB. 1I.aHHbIe rrHCbMeHHbIX HCTO'lHHKOB
H TorrOHHMHKH rr03BOJl5llOT C'IHTaTb HX rrpoHHKHoBeHHe CIO-
JJ.a O'leBH,rJ.HbIM (c . 06 3TOM [EpeMHH, 1968, c. 90-92;
1I.bHKOHOB, 1981 II J1 p.]), O,rJ.HaKO a pXeOJlOrH'IeCKHe CJIe,rJ.bI
3Toro rrpoHHKHoBeHIiS! rrpaKTH'IeCKH He YJlaBJlHBafOTC5I.
H. M. Jlb5lKOHOB 061,,'CH5IeT 3TO 06CTOHTeJlbCTBO TeM, '1TO
«KHMMepHHCKHe rr3'v1H HIiKH HeOTJIH'IHMbI OT CKHcPCKHX H
CXOJl5lT 3a HHX» [J.MJK0HOB, 1981, c. 99]. fOBOpH, B '1aCT-
HOCTH, 0 rraM5ITHIiKaX CKHcPCKOH Ky.1IbTypbI B 3arra,rJ.HoH
fPY3HH, OH YTBepiKJ13er, '1TO CKH<P0B 3,rJ.eCb «H B nOMHHe
He 6bIBaJlO», a rrplICYTCTBHe KHMMepHHueB BrrOJlHe Bep05lT-
HO, '1TO H }lOJII!<lj(J on;'E';'1.eJI5ITb HHTeprrpeTaUHfO 3TIIX n3.
MHTHHKOB.
13
B CaMOM .lI.eJle, Y>Ke 06paw.aJlOCb BHHMaHlfe Ha TO 4TO
KHMMepHl 1 Ubl, 04eB H .lI.HO, u06JIa.lI.aJIH aHaJIOrH4HblMH KHCP-
CKHM rrpHeMaMH BepXOBOH e3.lI.bI, KOHCKOH c6pyefi H BOOpy-
>KeHHeM rrpaHToBcKHH, 1980, c. 73]. BrrOJlHe .lI.OnycKaH 4TO
ap eOJlOrH4eCKHe CJle.lI.bI KHMMepHHueB H paHHHx CK CPOB
.lI.eHCTBHTeJIbHO MorYT OKa3aTbCH Hepa3J1H4HMbIMH, Mbi He
6Y.lI.eM CrreUHaJlbHO KacaTbCH Bonpoca 0 KHMMepUHuax B
3aKaBKa3be, KaK H .lI.pyrHX acneKTOB KHMMepHHCKOH rrp06-
JleMbI, a OTCbIJlaeM 4HTaTeJIH K CneUHaJIbHOH JlHTepaType
TaK KaK HCC e.lI.yeMbIH HaMH MaTepHaJl He rrpo.rIHBaeT .lI.0:
rrOJlHHTeJlbHblH CBeT Ha 3TOT Bonpoc.
1I.a>Ke CTOJlb KpaTKHH nepe4eHb rrp06J1eM, rrpH peIlleHHH
KO!OPblX npHBJleKa TCH naMHTHHKH CKHcpCKOH MaTepHaJlb-
HOH KYJlbTypbl H3 3aKaBKa3bH, nOKa3b1BaeT, KaK HaM npe.lI.-
CTaBJIHeTCH, He06xo.lI.HMOCTb CHCTeMaTH3aUHH H cpaBHHTeJlb-
Horo aHaJlH3a Bcex 3aKaBKa3CKHX MarepHaJlOB CKH CKoro
06J1HKa. 't'
npH ocyw.eCTBJleHHH T aKoro anaJIH3a CJle.lI.yeT, pa3YMe-
eTCH, rrOCTOHHHO HMeTb B BH.lI.Y TY KapTHHy .lI.eHCTBHH CKH-
cpOB B nepe.lI.HeH A3HH, KOTopaH peKOHCTpYHpyeTCH no
rrHCbMeHHblM .lI.aHHblM, nOCKOJlbKY OHa HanpaBJlHeT H KOp-
peKTHpyeT TpaKTOBKH apXeOJlOrH4eCKHX .lI.aHHblX. KapTHHa
3Ta .lI.OCTaT04HO XOpOIllO H3Y4eHa H HeO.lI.HOKpaTHO 3a rro-
CJle.lI.HHe rO.lI.bI oCBew.aJlaCb B OTe4eCTBeHHOH JlHTepaType.
3TO H36aBJlHeT Hac OT He06xo.lI.HM6CTH ee CBH3Horo H3J10-
>KeHHH. OCTaHOBIIMCH JlHIllb Ha HeKOTopbIX ee acrreKTax
HMe w.HX HenOCpe.lI.CTBeHHoe OTHOIlleHHe K OCMblCJleHH na:
MHTHHKOB CKHcpCKOH KYJlbTYPbI B 3aKaBKa3be, npe)K.lI.e Bce-
ro K Bonpocy 0 XpOHOJlOrH4eCKHX paMKax eHreJlbHOCTH
CKHcpOB B nepe.lI.HeH A3HH H 0 xapaKTepe 3TOH .1eHTeJlb-
HOCTH.
K:K H3BeCTHO, HMH CKHcpOB BrrepBble rr05lB.151erC5I B ac-
CHpIlHCKHX .lI.OKYMeHTax B UapCTBOBaHHe AcapXa.1.10Ha, B
rrepHO.lI. Me>K.lI.Y 680 H 669 rr. .lI.0 H. 3. CKHcpbl ynoM HHa T-
CH B 3TO BpeM5I KaK CO 3HHKH MaHHeeB:
«51, paCCe5lBIUH JIlO.lleii CTpa bI MalilleeB, lIeyolllpeflflblx
rYTHeB, KOTOpblll 1106HJI opY)KHeM BOHcKa HmnaKa 51. Cf:Htpa,
COI03HHKa, He cnacwero HX» [ABHY, 65. H3 Ha)lI1lICII «npH3-
MbI A:t AcapXa)l)lOHa].
B .lI.pyrOM TeKCTe yrrOMHHYTbI CKHcpbI, >KHBYllllle B CTpa-
He MaHHeeB:
«B 9TOT YCTaliOBJIelillblH CpOK BOHcKa cKHcboB, KOTOpblC ;KH.
BYT B 06.1acTII CTpaHbl MaliHeeB H KOTOpbl ,nplllu.111 fl3 rpa.
H/ILly CTpaHbl MaIiHeeB...» ([ABHY, 68. 3!nPOCbl Ai::ap'\a;J.-
)lolla K opaKYJly 60ra UIaMauIa /10 no.THTII'IeCKII'.1 .1('.13'1].
o )laTe 9Toro TeKCTa CM. LLJ.b51KOHOB, 1956, c. 264-265:).
14
KaK y)!{e OTMetIaJlOCb, no ynoMHHaHHe CKH<P OB npe.lI.-
rrOJlaraeT HX npe6bIBaHHe B CCBepo-3ana.1HOM YIpaHc H B
npe.lI.IllecTBy w.ee BpeMH [rpaHToBcKHI\ 1980, c. 73]. u
Tor.lI.a >Ke 6bIJI C.lI.eJlaH CTOJlb IllHpOKO KOMMeHTHpyeMbIH
B crreUHaJlbHOH JIHTepaType 3arrpoc OTHOCHTeJlbHO B03MO>K-
HblX nOCJle.lI.CTBHH rrpe.lI.rrOJlaraeMOro 6paKa napTaTya,
CKHcpcKoro uapH HJIH BO>K.lI.H, C accHpHHCKOH uapeBHoH:
«...napTaTya, n:apb CKH<P0B [6YKBaJIbIl0: CTpallbi HUIKY3a],
KOTOpblH CeH'IaC I1pHCJIaJI rOHLla K AIIIwypaXH)l)l/IlIe, n:aplO
ACCHpHH, [B...] - eCJIH AIIIIIIypaXH)l)lHlla, Llapb ACCHpIlH, OT-
)laCT B >KeHbI napTaTye, LlaplO CKH<!>OB, ;J.04b Llap51 H3 ,,)lOMa
BOCI1HTaHHII" [...BCTYI1HT JIH] C HHM napTaTya, Llapb CKH<p OB ,
[B COlO3], CJIOBO BepHoe, MHpHoe, [CJIOBO )lpy)K6b1 (?)) CKa-
)KeT JIH AIIIIIIypaXH.ll.llHlle, LlaplO ACCHpIllI, KJl51TBY BepliOCTII
AIIIIIIypaXH.ll.llHHe, LlaplO ACCIIp/IlI, 6y)leT JIll BbinOJIII51Tb 110;
HCTIIHe - TBOII BeJIHKa51 60)KeCTBeIiIlOCTb 3Haen [ABHY, 68].
HeJIb3H He Y4HTbIBaTb, 4TO HapHJI.)' CO CKHcpaMH - H .lI.a-
>Ke 4aw.e - B aCCHpHHCKHX HCT04HHKax yrroMHHa TCH KHM-
MepHHU bl . B JIHTepaType HeO.lI.HOKpaTHO OTMe4aJIOCb, 4TO
pe4b 3.lI.eCb MOrJIa H.lI.TH 06 O.lI.HOM H TOM >Ke HapO.lI.e, TaK
KaK .lI.JlH aCCHpHHUeB 3THH4eCKoe pa3J1H4He CKHcpOB H KHM-
MepHHu eB BPH.lI. JlH 6bIJlO 04eBH.lI.HblM (CM. 06 310M
[1I.bHKOHOB, 1956, c. 238, 265; 1I.aH,TI.aMaeB, 1977; .D.bHKO-
HOB, 1981, c. 99]). KaK nOKa3aJl M. A. 1I.aH.lI.aMaeB, H B Ba-
BHJlOHCKHX HCT04HHKax VI-V BB. .lI.O H. 3. CKHcpbl Ha3bl-
Ba TCH KHMMepHHuaMH (rHMHppH) [1I.aH.lI.aMaeB, 1977,
c. 31]. no MHeHH YI. M. 1I.b5lKOHOBa, Ha3BaHHe * gamlra
3THMOJIOrH3HpyeTcH H3 .lI.peBHeHpaHCKoro H HBJIHeTCH He
3THOHHMOM B c06CTBeHHOM CMbICJle, a orrpe.lI.eJIeHHeM-
«rrO.lI.BH>KHblH OTpH.lI.» {1I.bHKOHOB, 1981, . 97 CJI.] B 3Ha4e-
HHH «rrO.lI.BH>KHblH KOHHblH OTpH,TI. HpaH05l3bI4HOro K04eBoro
HaCeJleHHH eBpa3HHcKHX cTerreH». KaK H3BeCTHO, TepMHH
«KHMMepHHU bI » rrOHBJlHeTCH B HCT04HHKax C VI I I B.
.lI.0 H. 3., Kor.lI.a OH ynoM5IHYT y fOMepa, H HeCKOJIbKO rr03.lI.-
Hee - B aCCHpHHCKHX TeKCTax. YI. tv\. 1I.bHKOHOB Ha OCHO-
BaH H HCCJIe.lI.OBaHHH 3aKOHOMepHocreH rrepe.lI.a4H 3Toro
Ha3BaHHH B pa3HbIX 513bIKax npllIllc.l K 3aKJI 4eHH!0, 4TO
KHMMepHHU bl nOHBHJlHCb Ha HCTOpl1l!eCKOH apeHe, BO BC5I-
KOM CJlY4ae, He n03>Ke XII B. D.O H. 3. [.LI.bHKOHOB, 1981,
c. 961. O.lI.HaKO aKTHBHY po.TJb B accHpm1cKoH HCTOpHH
OHH, KaK H CKHcpbl, Ha4HHa T IIrpaTL B OCHOBHOM C VII B.
.lI.0 H. 3.
.LI.aHHble .lI.peBHeBOCT04HbIX Ha:lnllcei'! nepeKJlHKaIOTC5I C
aHTH4HOH Tpa.lI.HUHCH. Ope.ll.nOJlaralnT. 4TO HM5I npOTOTH5I,
CbIHOM KOToporo fep0.10T (I, 103) lIa3bIBaeT Ma.lI.H 51 , 51B-
JIHeTCH rpe4ecKoH nepe.1a4eH IIMeH!! OapTaTya. fepoJI.or,
15
K3K H3neCTHO, roBopHT 06 orpOMHblX fiOJIqHl11.ax CKHq,OB 130
rJIaBe C Ma.lI.HeM, BToprWHXC5I B MH.J.HIIcKY!O 3eMJI!O, «HMe51
KaBKa3 rro rrpaBY!O PYKY». 'Y)Ke H3 3Toro CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBa
OqeBH.lI.HO, qTO Ma.lI.HH weJI H3 06JIaCTeii, pacrrOJIO)KeHHblX
K ceBepy 01' KaBKa3a (CM. TaK)Ke [BHHOrpa.lI. OB , 1964]).
He b351 He yqHTblBaTb H CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBO CTpa60Ha, KOTO-
pblH rrpHBO.lI.HT rrOXo.lI. Ma.lI.H5I CKHcpCKoro B KaqeCTBe npH-
Mepa OT.lI.aJIeHHblX CTpaHCTBOBaHHH BO)K.lI.eH (I, 3, 21).
BTOprllIHcb B MH.lI.H!O, CKHcpbl rrOMeWaJIH KHaKcap:y ycnellI-
HO 3aKOHqHTb 'oca.lI.y HHHeBHH 3. nOcJIe 3TOro HaqHHaeTC5I'
nepHo.lI. oc06eHHo aKTHBHoro BMeWaTeJIbCTBa CKHcpOB 13
)KH3Hb rrepe.lI.Hea3HaTcKHx rOCY.lI.a pCTB. CKHcpbl .lI.OXO.lI.51T .lI.0
ErHrrTa (Herod. I, 105), H3roH5I!OT KHMMepHHU eB H3 Ma-
JIOH A3HH (Strab. I, 3, 21). YCTaHaBJIHBa!OT rOCnO.lI.CTBO B
nepe.lI.HeH A3HH, KOTopoe, rro repO.lI.OTY (I, 106), npo.lI.oJI-
JKaJIOCb 28 JIeT. .l1e5lTeJIbHOCTb CKHcpOB HallIJIa OTpa)KeHHe
H 13 60JIee n03.lI.HHX HCTOqHHKax. HM5I Ma.lI.H5I 130 BpeMeHa
CTpa60Ha 6blJIO, BrrpOqeM, Y)Ke rrOqTH 3a6b1TO, Hero .lI.e5l-
TeJIbHOCTb CMellIHBaJIaCb C C06bITH5IMH, CB5I3aHHblMH C HMe-
HaMH .lI.pyrHx CKHcpCKHX uapeii. TOT )Ke CTpa60H (XV, I,
6) Ha3bIBaeT CKHcpcKoro uap5l, Jl.OllIe.lI.llIero .lI.0 ErHnTa,
H.lI.aHcpHpcoM, a nOMrreH Tpor .lI.aeT eMY HM5I TaHaH
(lust. I, I, 4). KaK H repo.lI.oT, nOMrreH Tpor c006lI1.aeT 0
nOKopeHHH cKHcpaMH A3HH, XOTH -- B COOTBeTCTBHH co CBO-
eH KOHuenuHeH -- orrHCblBaeT ero B cOBepllIeHHO .lI.pyrHx 1'0-
Hax (lust. II, 3, 15-17). nOMrreH Tpor OTBO.lI.HT Heno-
Cpe.lI.CTBeHHoMY rrpe6bIBaHH!O CKHcpOB 13 nepe.lI.HeH A3HH Bce-.
ro 15 JIeT, H3 KOTOpblX 8 rrpOJl.OJI)KaJIC5I rrOCJIe.lI.HHH rrOXO.lI.;
BrrpOqeM, OH )Ke YTBep)K.lI.aeT, 'ITO .lI.aHb HM rrJIaTHJIaCb 13
TeqeHHe 1500 JIeT. 0 pacrrpoCTpaHeHHH BJIa.lI.blqeCTBa CKH-
cpOB «BrrJIOTb .lI.0 erHrreTCKOH peKH HHJIa» co06w.aeT 1I.HO-
.lI.op CHUHJIHHCKHH (II, 43, 5). OT3BYKH .lI.aJIeKHX CKHcpCKHX
rrOXO.lI.OB BCTpeqa!OTC5I H Y .lI.pynIx aBTopOB.
Ho H rrOCJIe rra.lI.eHH5I CBoero rOc rrO.lI.CTBa , KOTOPOMY, co-
rJIaCHO repO.lI.OTY, rrOJIO)KHJI KOHeu KHaKcap, CKHcpbl - HJIH,
BO BC5IKOM CJIyqae, qaCTb HX -- 11 p0J,OJI)\{aJIH OCTaBaTbC5I 13
nepe.lI.HeH A3HH. OHH rrpHHHJ)H, OqeBH.lI.HO, yqaCTHe B pa3-
rpOMe ACCHpHH. KaKHe-To OTpH.Jbl CKHcpOB, npe6b1BaBIllHe
130 BJIa.lI.eHH5IX KHaKcapa, HBIIJIHCb rrpHqHHOH BOHHbl Me)K.lI.Y
JIH.lI.HeH H MHJl.lleH (Herod. I, 73-74). BOHHa 3Ta IIMeeT
a I;IHOr.lla BblCKa3bIBaCTC51 npC,llnO.10;.!{CHlie 0 HenOCpe,llCTBeIlHOii CBH3H
Ma,llHs1 (KaK Cblfl3 Toii caMOH accHpHllCKOH LlapeBHbI, PYKH KOTOpOi\
I1POcH.nJKOr,lJ.a-TO DapTaTya) C accHpllIIO,HM LlapCKIiM .llOMOM. O.llllaKO
HHKaKJX ,lJ.OKa3aTeJIbCTB pO.llCTBCHHbIX OTfloweliHii Ma.llHH C accHpHiiLla.
MH HeT.
16
)lOCTaTOtIHO TOtIltYIO M1TY - 590-585/84 rt. .lto H. 3. [D.bst-
KOHOB, 1956, c. 321-322]. npHMepHO K 3TOMY )Ke BpeMeH\!
<JTHOCHTC5I CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBO HepeMHH, yrroMHHa!Ow.ero UapCT-
BO AllIKeHa3 BMeCTe C YpapTY H MaHHOH (Hep. 51, 27) 13
OTpblBKe, .lI.aTHpOBaHHOM 593 r. .lI.0 H. 3. [1I.b5lKOHOB, 1956,
c. 246, 319). nOCJIe MH.lI.O-JIH.lI.\lHCKOH BOHHbl CKHcpbl, qaCTHq-
HO OCTaBaBllIHeC5I B nepe.lI.HeH A3HH, y)Ke He HrpaJIH 3.lI.eCb
. caMOCT05lTeJIbHOH rrOJIHTHqeCKOH pOJIH.
Ka K H3BeCTHO, CYW.eCTBY!OT paCXO)[{)l.eHH5I u B MHeHH5IX
OTHOCHTeJIbHO XpOHOJIOrHH OT.lI.eJIbHblX C06blTHH npe6b1Ba-
HH5I CKHcpOB B DepeJl.HeH A3HH (CM. rrO.lI.p06HO [1I.b5lKOHOB,
1956, c. 288 CJI.)). 1I.JI5I Hac B .lI.aHHOM CJIyqae Ba)KHO, qTO
C 70-x rO.lI.OB VII B. Jl.0 H. 3. (a B03MO)KHO, H HeCKOJIbKO
paHbllIe) BnJIOTb .lI.0 90-x ro.lI.OB VI B. .lI.0 H. 3., T. e. OKOJI
100 JIeT, CKHcpbl, 6eccrropHO, npe.lI.CTaBJI5IJIH 13 nepe.lI.HeH
A3HH 3HaqHTeJIbHY!O BoeHHY!O H nOJIHTHqeCKY!O CHJIY. npH
3TOM CJIe.lI.yeT COrJIaCHTbC5I C H. M. 1I.b5lKOHOBblM, HeO.lI.HO-
KpaTHo nO.lI.qepKHBaBIlIHM, qTO CKHcpbl u n05lBHJIHCb 3.lI.eCb
JIHlllb 13 BH.lI.e 60eBblx OTp5l.lI.OB, 6e3 ceMeH H CTa.lI., qTO, KO-
HeqHO, .lI.OJI)KHO 6blJIO HaJIO)KHTb neqaTb Ha 06JIHK OCTaBJIeH-
HblX HMH 13 3THX 06JIaCT5IX MaTepHaJIbHblX naM5ITHHKOB.
npHBe.lI.eHHble .lI.aHHbIe rrHCbMeHHblX HCTOqHHKOB onpe.lI.e-
JI5I!OT XpOHOJIOrHqeCKHe BeXH nepe.lI.Hea3HaTcKoro nepHO.lI.a
CKHcpCKOH HCTOpHH. BMeCTe C TeM He06xo.lI.HMO OTMeTHTb,
qTO c06cTBeHHo cKHcpcKa51 apXeOJIOrHqeCKa51 KYJIbTypa 13
npHqepHOMOpbe H Ha CeBepHoM KaBKa3e CKJIa.lI.blBaeTCH,
KaK Terrepb .lI.OCTaTOqHO Ha.lI.e)KHO YCTaHOBJIeHO, He n03)Ke
BTOpOH rrOJIOBHHbI VII B. .lI.0 H. 3., T. e. 13 paMKax Toro )Ke
BpeMeHHoro OTpe3Ka, a OTH!O.lI.b He rrOCJIe ero 3aBepllIeHH5I.
3TO Ha.lI.e)KHO rrO.lI.TBep)K.lI.aeTC5I MaTepHaJIaM H nOCJIe.lI.HHX
HCCJIe.lI.OBaHHH Ha CeBepo-3arra.lI.HOM KaBKa3e [TepeHO)K-
K H, 1971; neTpeHKQ, 1983; MYP3HH, 1978).
TaKoBa HCTOpHqeCKa51 H apXeOJIOrHqeCKa51 .CHTyaUH5I,B
orrpe.lI.eJIeHHOH CTerreHH oTpa3HBllIa5lC5I B 06HapY)KeHHbIX B
3aKaBKa3be rraM5ITHHKaX CKHcpCKOH KYJIbTYPb! H onpe.lI.eJI5I-
!Owa51 Ba)KHOCTb HX H3yqeHH5I. ABTOpbl OT.lI.a!OT ce6e OTqeT
B TOM, qT.O apxeo.TlOrHqeCKHe HCTOqHHKH He OTpa)Ka!OT Bcex
CTOpOH HCTOpHqeCKOrO Ilpouecca. K rrpHMepy, KpaTKOBpe-
MeHHble C06b1TH5I HJlH rrpoueccbI MOrJIH Bo06lI1.e He CKa3aTb-
C5I B HHX. OJl.HaKO orrpen.eJIeHHY!O - H .lI.OCTaTOqHO cyw.e-
CTBeHHY!O '- HHcpop:vlaUH!O apXeOJIOrHqeCKHH MaTepHaJI CO-
.lI.ep)\{HT. 3a.lI.a qeH a BTOpOB H 6bIJIO rrOCTa paTbC5I H3BJIeqb
ee.
B KHHre rrpHB.leqeHbI rro npeHMyweCTBY ony6JIHKOBaH-
Hble rraM5ITHHKIJ XapaKTep HMe!Ow.HXC5I rry6JIHKaUHH B P5l-
2 3aK. 524
17
ef yqAeB onpe e R 060eM OctynHuX CBe e .
lIaH ellHblX Bew:aX TaK If 06 YC OBH . 6 HHIf KaK 0
3THMH 06CT05lTe b TBaMH Bbl3BaHa He5lK /x 0 lIapYMeIlH5I.
rrpHBO HMbIX B pa60Te aHHbIX. Ho rrOTp t::CTbH rr . Ta
rraM5ITHHKOB rrpe CTaBJl5IeTC5I CTO b HacYW:HoH 'I pe
CO'l H B03MOMHblM Ii B TaKOM BH e rr e .' TO aBTOpbl
'1HTaTe eH. p OMHTb ero Ha cy
r Aa6a I
nAMSlTHHKH CKH4tCKOR I(YJlbTYPbI
B 3AKABKA3bE
3 eMeHTbl cKH<pcKolf MaTepHa bHoH KyJlbTypbl Ha TeppH-
TOpHH K lOry OT r aBHoro KaBKa3cKoro xpe6Ta BCTpe'la-
IOTC5I B YC OBH5IX caMblX pa3Ho06pa3Hblx: B rroce eHH5IX,
MorH bHHKax H CB5ITH Hw:ax, B cJlY'IallHblx Haxo Kax H B
3aKpblTbIX KOMrr eKcax, e HHH'IHbIMIi I!!IlI crpyrrrrHpOBaHHbI-
MH BMecTe, B OCHOBHOM . HarrO HeHHI! KY bTypHoro C 051
HJlH B rrepeKpblBalOIlI.eM ero rpYHTe - KaK c e 3aXBaTa
H pa3pYIlIeHH5I rrOCe eHH5I.
B rrOH5ITHe «3 eMeHTbI CKH<pCKOil KyJlbTypbI» MbI BK IO-
'1aeM Te BeIlI.H, OpraHH'IeCKa51 CB5I3b KOTOpbIX C KY bTYPOH
CKH<p OB npH'IepHOMOpb51 He Bbl3blBaeT COMHeHHlf,- rrpe Me-
Tbl BoopYMeHH5I, '1aCTH KOHCKOH Y3;lbl, i!3 e H5I, YKpaIlIeH-
Hble H306paMeHH5IMH B CKH<pCKOM 3Bepl!1I0M CTlwe. BeW:H,
rrpe CTaB eHHble KaK B CKHCPCKHX, TaK H B 3aKaBKa3CKHX
rraM5ITHHKaX, HO He HMelOIlI.He '1eTKO Bb!paMeHHOH KY bTYP-
HOH rrpHHa eMHOCTH, crreIJ.HaJlbHO Y pa360py He rrO Bep-
raIOTC5I. .aeTa H norpe6aJlbHOrO 06p5l.1a, HaXO 5IW:He CO-
OTBeTCTBH5I B CKHcpHH, Y'lHTbIBaIOTC5I JIHIlIb B Tex c Y'la-
5IX, Kor a OHH CO'leTaIOTC5I CO CKHcpCKHM HHBeHTapeM, H
TOJlbKO B Tex paHOHax 3aKaBKa3b5l, r;J.e HX rrpOHCXOM eHHe
He IiMeeT MeCTHbIX KopHeH.
B 3TOH r aBe rrpe rrpHH5ITa rronWTKa CHCTeMaTH3Hpo-
BaTb seCb OCTyrrHbIH aBTopaM M,nepI!aJl C Y'IeTOM ero
reorpa<pH'IeCKOrO pacrrpe,rJ.eJleI!H5I Ha TeppHTopHH perHOHa Ii
xapaKTepa CO'leTaHHH 3 eMeHT()B CKI!cpCKOH Ky bTypbl KaK
MeM y C060H, TaK H C 3J1eMeIlTa llj 1eCTHbIX Ky bTYP,
B COOTBeTCTBHH C rrOCTaBJleHHOH 33Ja'leH 3 eCb aeTCH
JlHilib KpaTKoe rrepe'lHC eHHe COOTBelCTBYIOW:HX rrpe MeTOB
CKHcpCKOH MaTepHaJlbilOH KY bTYPbl II npHBO HTC5I CYMMap-
HaR ::apaKTepHCTHKa Ii ,rJ.aTHpOBKa Co.lCp;'I<aBIlIHX HX KOMrr-
JleKCOB. nO p06Hblii pa360p OT,rJ.e,lbllbI.\ KaTeropnH CO;:I.ep-
MHTC5I B rroc e ylOw.nx r aBax.
2*
19
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nOpHJ1.0K OllI-ICaHHH naMHTHHKOB OnpeJ1.eJIHeTCH HX reo-
rpa HqeCKHM pacnOJIO eHHeM B HanpaBJIeHHH C BOCTOKa
Ha 3anaJ1. C He3HaqHTeJIbHblMH OTKJIOHeHHHMH. HOMep B 011H-
caH HH COOTBeTCTByeT HOMepy Ha KapTe.
1. AnU1epoHcKull nOAyocTPOB (A3CCP). 3J1.eCb 6bIJIO 06-
Hapy eHo HeCKOJIbKO MOrHJI, H3 KOTOpblX npo eCCIIOHaJIb-
HO pacKonaHbI J1.Be [.a a ap3aJ1.e, 1947, c. 88]. B OJ1.HOH H3
HHX (MorHJIa NQ 4) HaXOJ1.HJICH 6pOH30BblH BTYJIbqaTblH
HaKOHeqHHK CTpeJIbI CKU CKOro THna. MOrHJIbl HMeJIH op-
MY KaMeHHblX HIII.IIKOB (KOHCTPYKUHH, xapaKTepHaH J1.JIH
3Toro paHOHa 3aKaBKa3bH B 3noxy n03J1.HeH 6pOH3b1 H paH-
HerO eJIe3a) H COJ1.ep a.11H CKOpqeHHble norpe6eHHH. He-
MHOrOqHCJIeHHblH norpe6aJIbHblH HHBeHTapb, rJIaBHblM 06-
pa30M KepaMHKa, npHHa.1JIe HT TaK e K MecTHoH KyJIbTY-
pee naMHTHHK 6bIJI J1.aTUpOBaH HCCJIeJ1.0BaTeJIeM VII-
VI BB. J1.0 H. 3. Ha OCHOBaHHH npe Jie BCerO HaKOHeqHHKa
CTpeJIbI, TaK KaK OCTaJIbHbIe BeIII.H, npeJ1.CTaBJIeHHbIe B MO-
rHJIbHHKe, HMelOT 60JIee WHpOKHe XpOHOJIOrHqeCKHe paMKH.
2. FIOp2JlH (AnwepOHCKHH nOJIYOCTpOB, A3CCP). CTpe-
JIbl CKH CKOro THna 6bIJIH 06Hapy eHbI B KaMeHHOM HIII.H-
Ke H B CBHTHJIHIII.e I.
3. MUH2e'layp (A3CCP) [Ka3HeB, 1949; HOHe, 1946;
HOHe, 1953; XaJIHJIOB, 1971]. Ha MOrHJIbHOM nOJIe, pac-
nOJIO)KeHHOM y CJIHHHHH Kypbl II HOpH, CpelI.H MHOrHX pa3-
HOTHnHbIX H pa3HoBp(' !('HHbIX norpe6eHHH BbIJ1.eJIHIOTCH
24 MOrHJIbI, OTJIHqalOw.UCCH eJ1.HHCTBOM norpe6aJIbHOrO 06-
pHJ1.a. 3TO BbITHHYTbIe rpYHToBbie norpe6eHHH, opHeHTHpo-
BaHHbIe B OCHOBHOM Ha ceBepO-3anaJ1.. KOCTHKH B BbITHHY-
TOM nOJIO eHHH, .'lOBOJIbHO peJ1.KHe B BOCTOqHOM 3aKaB-
Ka3be, B MHHreqaypCKOM MOrHJIbHHKe B 3noxy 1103J1.HeH
6pOH3bI H paHHero e.'1e3a Bo06w.e, 3a HCKJIlOqeHHeM yno-
MHHYTbIX MOrHJI, He 33 I!KCHpOBaHbI. B norpe6aJIbHOM HH-
BeHTape MHoro BTYJlblJ3TbIX 6pOH30BbIX H3KOHeqHHKOB
CTpeJI pa3HbIX OpM. OHII BCTpeqaJIHCb B MOrHJI3X HJIH no
OJ1.HOMY, HJIH rpY11113MI! OT 5 lIO 10 3K3eMnJlHpOB, a B He-
KOTOpbIX CJIyqaHX - OT 10-15,lJ.0 40-45 3K3eMI1JIHpOB.
3axopoHeHHH co CTpeJl3\11I COCTaBJIHIOT B MHHreqaYPcKoM
MOrHJIbHHKe 60JIee OJ1.HOIJ TpeTH Bcex MY CKHX norpe6eHHH
B rPYHToBbIX MorH.13X C BbITHHYTbIMI! KOCTHK3MH [HoHe,
1953, c. 821. CTpe.'1bI :>3K3BK33CKoro TH113 B l1orpe6eHHHx
C BbITHHYTbIMH KOCTHK3\11I He 06H3py eHbI. Cpe,lJ.1! HHBeH-
1 na 51THHK!I He onv6.111EOBilHhL ABTOpbl npHHOC51T rJly60KYlO 6.1a-
rO.llapllOCTb r. A. Ac.1aIlOBY, 0311aKOMHBmeMY HX C pe3YJlbTaTaMH CBO!lX
HCCJle.llOBaHHH.
21
TapH npHCYTCTBYIOT TaK)!{e 6pOH30BbIe 3epKaJIa C ,lI.JIHHHbI-
MH PY'IKaMH, XOpOWO H3BeCTHbie B naMHTHHKaX CKH<p-
CKOH KYJIbTypbI CeBepHOrO KaBKa3a. OCTaJIbHOe 0pY)!{He,
YKpaWeHHH, . KepaMHKa OTHOC51TC51 K MeCTHbIM THnaM. BbI-
THHYTbIe norpe6eHH51 MHHre'Iaypa y6e,ll.HTeJIbHO ,lI.aTHpOBa-
HbI VI-V BB. ,lI.0 H. 3. [XaJIHJIOB, 1971, c. 185), XOTH npe,ll.-
CTaBJIeHHble 3,l1.eCb CTpeJibi CKH<pcKoro THna HMelOT 60JIee
wHpoKHe XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKHe paMKH - VII-V BB. ,lI.0 H. 3.
rHo He, 1953, c. 85).
.4. KupoBa6ao (A3CCP). He,ll.aJIeKO OT MHHre'Iaypa, B
paHoHe r. KHpoBa6a,ll.a, 6b1JIa CJIY'IaHHO 06Hapy)!{eHa rJIH-
HHHaH roJIOBKa 'IeJIOBeKa B OCTpOKOHe'IHOH wanKe.
E. H. KpynHoB, nOCBHTHBWHH 3TOMY npe,ll.MeTY Cne HaJIb-
Hoe HCCJIe,ll.OBaHHe, cpaBHHBaeT rOJIOBKY C H306pa)!{eHHHMH
CKH<pOB Ha H3BeCTHbIX cocY,lI.ax rpe'IeCKOH pa60TbI H3 Ce-
BepHoro npH'IepHOMOpbH H, C'IHTa51 ee naMHTHHKOM CKH<p-
CKoro HCKYCCTBa, ,lI.aTHpyeT COOTBeTCTBeHHO IV-III BB.
,lI.0 H. 3. rKpynHoB, 1940a).
5. KeiJa6eK U KaAaKeHT (A3CCP). BoceMb 6pOH30BbIX
HaKOHe'IHHKOB CTpeJi CKH<pcKoro THrra cO,ll.ep)!{aJIOCb B O,ll.-
HOH H3 MOrHJI (NQ 48) 60JIbWOrO (Bcero HCCJIe,ll.OBaHO
73 MOrHJIbI) MOrHJIbHHKa Y r. Ke,ll.a6eK, COCTOHllI.ero H3 Ka-
MeHHblx HllI.HKOB C THnH'IHO 3aKaBKa3CKHM HHBeHTapeM
[HBaHoBCKHH, 1911, Ta6JI. VII, 35, 36, c. 120]. B CBoe Bpe-
'M51 E. H. KpynHoB Ha OCHOBaHHI1 aHaJIH3a ynOM51HYTbIX
CTpeJi H pH,lI.a ceBepoKaBKa3cKHx aHaJIOrHH ,lI.pyrHM npe,ll.-
MeTaM HHBeHTapH OTHec norpe6eHI1e NQ 48 K V-IV BB.
,lI.0 H. 3. rKpynHoB, 19406). O,ll.HaKO MaTepHaJi KaK norpe6e-
HH51 NQ 48, Ta,K H Bcero MOrHJIbHI1Ka B lI.eJIOM He n03BO-
JI51eT COrJIaCHTbCH co CTOJIb n03,l1.HeH ,lI.aTOH. A. A. HecceH
npe,ll.JIO)!{HJI ,lI.aTHpOBaTb norpe6eHIJe NQ 48 VII B. ,lI.0 H. 3.,
B03MO)!{HO ero KOHlI.OM [HecceH, 1965, c. 30), 'ITO H npe,ll.-
CTaBJI51eTCH HaH60JIee Bep051THbIM.
B 3TOM )!{e paHoile 6JIH3 CeJIeHIJ5J KaJIaKeHT pacKollKa-
MH B. EeJIbKa Cpe,ll.H THllHlJHblX MaTepl1aJIOB VII-VI BB.
/1.0 H. 3. 6b1JI 06Hapy)!{eH )J(eJIe3Hblij aKI1HaK rselk, 1893].
6. CapbL-Tene (Ka3axcKHH P-H A3CCP). npH paCKonKax
rrOCeJIeHHH CapbI-Tcrre 6blJIO OTKpblT'J rPYHTOBoe llorpe6e-
HHe, BnYllI.eHHoe B KYJIbTYPHbII1 CJIO!"\. CKeJIeT JIe)!{aJI BbI-
T51HYTO Ha crrHHe. HHBeHTapb COCT05J.l H3 6pOH30BbIX CTpeJI
CKI1<pcKoro THlla H )KeJIe3HOro CepnOf3I1,l1.Horo HO)!{a; norpe-
6eHI1e ,lI.aTl1pOBaHO VII-VI BB. .10 If 3. rHapHMaHOB 1957
c. 138; XaJIHJIOB, 1971, c. 185). "
7. Ke'iUAU (Ul.aMxopc.KHI1 P-H A'JCCP). CTpeJia CKI1<p-
CKoro THlla CJIY'Ial1HO HaH.T1.eHa H. r. HapHMaHoBbiM Ha
22
npaBOM oepery peKH KYPbI, OKOM ceJ1eHHH Ke'IH.iI1i [KaII1-
KaH CeJIHMXaHOB, 1973, c. 103, pHC. 15).
8. CTenaHaKepT (HaropHo-Kapa6axCKa51 AO A3CCP).
B KpaeBe,ll.'IeCKOM MY3ee r. CTerraHaKepT xpaHHTCH )!{eJIe3-
HbIi't aKHHaK. To'IHoe MeCTO HaXO,ll.KII H H3BecTHo.
9. HepKuH-FopaTaH (Map,ll.aKepTCKHH P-H HaropHo-Ka-
pa6axcKoH AO A3CCP). CeBepO-3arra,ll.Hee ceJIa HepKHH-
fopaTaH B MeCTHOCTH nTaWaMYKaJI 6bIJI 06Hapy)!{eH MO-
rHJIbHHK, COCTOHllI.HH H3 KaMeHHblX HllI.HKOB H rpYHTo.BblX
norpe6eHHH. B O,ll.HOM H3 KaMeHHblX 5lllI.HKOB 6bIJIH HaH,lI.e-
HbI 6pOH30Bble CTpeJibi CKH<pCKOro THlla pa3Hblx <pOpM
r AC p51H, 1973). HHBeHTapb KaK Bcero MOrHJIbHHKa, TaK H
HllI.HKa, cO,ll.ep)!{aBWerO yrroM 5lHYTbIe HaKOHe'IHHKH CTpeJI,
06b1'IeH ,lI.JIH 3Toro paHoHa H xopowo YKJIa,ll.blBaeTCH B
paMKH VII-VI BB. ,lI.0 H. 3., 'IeMY He npOTHBOpe'IHT H npH-
H51Ta51 B CKH<pOJIOrHH ,lI.aTa CTpeJi.
10. HaXU'ieBaHb (A3CCP). HaKOHe'IHHKH CTpeJi CKH<p-
CKoro THna, 06Hapy)!{eHHble CJIY'IaHHO B pa3HbIx MeCTax
HaXH'IeBaHCKoH ACCP, XpaH51Tc . B HaXH'IeBaHCKoM Kpae-
Be,ll.'IeCKOM MY3ee.
11. MaAbLu Kyp2aH B MUAbCKOU CTenu Ar,ll.)!{a6e,ll.HH-
CKHH P-H A3CCP). KypraH cO;:I.ep)!{aJi nO,ll.60HHoe norpe6e-
HHe, B KOTOpOM pH,lI.OM co CKOp'IeHHblM KOCT51KOM. 'IeJIOBe-
Ka, JIe)!{aBWHM Ha llpaBOM 60KY, HaXO,ll.HJICH KOHCKHH 'Iepell.
B norpe6eHHH 6b1JIa 06Hapy)!{eHa OJ.Ha CTpeJia CKH<pCKOro
THna, a TaK)!{e npe,ll.MeTbI KOHCKOH Y3,l1.bI, YKparneHliH H
KepaMHKa THnH'IHbIX 3aKaBKa3CKHX <popM. no BceMY KOMn-
JIeKCY HHBeHTap51 naM5ITHI1K XopOWO ,lI.aTHpyeTcH VII B.
,lI.0 H. 3. rHecceH, 1965, c. 22-30). HeKoTopble Be-
llI.H HMelOT 6JIH3KHe aHaJIOrHH B nepe,ll.HeH A3HH [norpe-
60Ba M. H., 1981, c. 56). TecHaH CB513b 3Toro naMHTHHKa
C llpe,ll.WecTBYIOllI.HMH rro BpeMeHH MHHre'IaypcKHMH Kypra-
HaMH He n03BOJI51eT CB5I3bIBaTb 3axopOHeHHe KOHCKoro 'Ie-
pena co CKH<pCKHM rrorpe6aJIbHbIM 06p, 5l,ll.OM a YKa3bIBaeT
Ha ero MeCTHbIe KOpHlI.
12. AAa3aHcKaH ao.1llHa (KaxeTH51, CHrHaxcKHH Ii fyp,ll.-
)!(aaHCKHH paHoHbl fpY3CCP, OKpeCTHOCTI1 CeJlCHHH IJ,HypH
H Ca,ll.yra). B AJIa3aHCKo-HopCKOM Me)!{,lI.ype'Ibe 6bIJIH 06-
Hapy)!{eHbI TPH eJJ.I1HH4HbIX rpYHToBbIX rrorpe6eHH51. KOCTH-
KH JIe)!{aJiH BbIT51HYTO Ha Clll1He H cOnpOBO)!{,lI.aJIHCb norpe-
6eHHHMH JIOWa,ll.eH. B COCTaBe rrorpe6aJIbHOrO HHBeHTapH
cpaBHHTeJIbHO 60JIbWIJe (20 H 8) Ha60pbI CTpeJi CKH<pcKoro
THlla H 6JI51xH, BbIllO.1HeHHble B 3BepHHoM CTI1JIe. KepaMH-
Ka H )!{eJIe3HOe 0pYIKIJe, THrrl1'IHble ,lI.JI51 3aKaBKa3bH, no,ll.-
TBep)!{,lI.aIOT ,lI.aTY V-IV I3I3. JJ.O H. 3" Ollpe,ll.eJIeHHYIO B co-
23
()TBeTCTBiHi C xp6ttOJlotiieA CkIf<l>CKHX fietneH rMaM8IfIItBit.
JlH, 19801. COlJeTaHUe HHBeIlTap51 If oc06eHHocTeH 06p51,ll.a,
He xapaKTepHoro ,lI.Jl51 naM51THHKOB KaxeTHU COOTBeTCTBYIO-
LLlero nepHO!l.a, npHBeJlO H. <1>. MaMaIfWBUJlU K 3aKJllOlJe-
HlilO 06 HH03THUlJHOH ,lI.Jl51 3TOro paHoHa, CKIf<l>CKOH npUHa,ll.-
JlelKHOCTH naM51THUKOB. .
13. PKuH.uc-KaAo (KaxeTIf5I, TIfaHeTcKIfH P-H
fpY3CCP). B Cpe,ll.HeM TelJeHIfIf p. HOPIf, Ha npaBoM 6epe-
ry pelJKU TpaHYJIa, Y CeJIeHIf51 TpaHIf IfCCJIe,ll.OBaH MOrIfJIb-
HUK PKHHHC-KaJIo IK06aIf,ll.3e, 1978]. BCKpblTO Bcero 37 MO-
rHJI, COCTaBJl51IOLLlIfX ,lI.Be XpOHOJIOrIflJeCKIfe rpynnbl, BbI,lI.eJI51-
IOLLlHeC51 KaK CTpaTurpa<l>IflJeCKIf, TaK If no HHBeHTaplO,-
VIII-VII BB. ,lI.0 H. 3. If VII-VI BB. ,lI.0 H. 3. MoruJII>!
pacnOJIaraJIHCb lJaCTIflJHO B If KYCCTBeIfHO HaCblnaHHOM
CJIoe 6YJIbIIKHHKa, nepeKpbIBaBIlleM BCIO nJIOLLla,ll.b MOrHJIb-
HHKa, lJaCTHlJHO - no,ll. HIfM If CO,ll.ep)!{aJIIf B OCHOBHOM O,ll.If-
HOlJHble CKOplJeHHble norpe6eHIf51. B IfHBeHTape O,ll.HOH H3
23 MOfHJI n03,l1.HeH rpynnbl (MorHJIa .N'Q 6) 06Hapy)!{eH Ha-
KOHelJHHK CTpeJIbI cKH<I>cKJro TIfna. BeCb OCTaJIbHOH IfHBeH-
Tapb KaK MOrHJIbI .N'Q 6, TaK If Bcex OCTaJIbHblX MOrHJI 3TOH
rpynnbl- MeCTHbIH H TIfnIflJeH ,lI.JI5I VII-VI BB. ,lI.0 H. 3., lJTO
n0.z:TBepIK.lI.a:TC51 If ,lI.aToii BTYJIblJaTOH CTpeJIbI, nOCJIY)!{HB-
weH OCHOBOH ,lI.JI51 y TaHOBJIeHIf51 XpOHOJIOrIfU MOrHJI Bepx-
Hero 51pyca. B MOrHJIe .N'Q 27 TOro )!{e MOrUJIbHHKa OTHO-
c5ILLleilc51 K HH)!{HeMy 5lPYcy, OTKpblTbI 3axopoHeHu KOH51
H c06aKH. B TOM )!{e KOMnJIeKce CO,ll.ep)!{aJIC51 MelJ ypapT-
CKoro THna, <l>H6YJIa HKOCT51HOH TpeX,lI.bIplJaTblH nCaJIHH.
14. Macapo (KaxeTlf51, CIffHaxcKIfii P-H fpY3CCP).
B KpaeBe,ll.lJeCKOM MY3ee r. CIffHaxIf xpaHHTC51 )!{eJIe3HbIH
aKHHaK, CJIYlJaHHO 06Hapy)!{eHHbIH B oKpeCTHOCT51X ropoJ.a.
15. MO'iPUAU-Fopa (KaxeTH51, CHrHaxcKHH p'H
fpY3CCP). B BepxHeM CJIoe nOCeJIeHH51 MOlJpuJIu-fopa,
nOJIHOCTblO YHHlJTO)!{eHHOrO, OlJeBH,lI.HO, B pe3YJIbTaTe Bpa-
)!{eCKoro Hana,ll.eHH51, 6bIJIO HaH,lI.eHo 10 HaKOHelJHHKOB
CTpeJI CKH<pcKoro THna VII-VI BB. ,lI.0 H. 3. CJIOeB n03IKe
VII B. KaK Ha 3TOM nOCeJIeHIfIt, TaK If Ha 60JIbwIfHcTBe
nOCeJleHHH 3TOro paHoHa HeT, )!(H3Hb Ha HHX nOJIHOCTblO
npeKpaLLlaeTC51 [nHUXeJIaYPH, 1973, Ta6JI. I, II-V; nliu-
XeJIaypli, 1979, c. 14-18).
16. MeAaaH.U (KaxeTH51, fYP,ll.)!{aaHCKIfH P-H fPY3CCP).
B VII B. .lI.O H. 3. npeKpaLLlaeTC51 )!(If3Hb If Ha pacnOJIO)!{eH-
HOM n06J1H30CTH CB51THJIHLLle MeJIaaHIf. 3,l1.eCb 6b1JIO 06Ha-
PY CH() CBbIwe 10 HaKOHelJHHKOB CTpeJI CKH<PCKOro TIllla
HO, 'JdK OTMelJaeT K. H. nHlI.XeJIaYPIf, OHIf HaH,lI.eHbI He
IKe BeHHbIX MeCTax, KaK OCTaJIbHoe 0pY)!{He H3 MeJIaaHIi,
24
, aCTHOCTH 3aKaBKa3CKoro TIfna CTpeJIbI, a paCCe51HbI no
B lJ If TO If If CB51THJIIfIII.a. CTpeJIbI 3TIf n03)!{e Bcex npe,ll.Me-
Tepp Ha!,lI.eHHblX B 3TOM KOMnJIeKCe, If, no MHeHHIO HCCJIe-
TOB, JI KaK If B MOlJPUJIH-
BaTeJI51 naM51THHKa, npIfHa,ll.JIe)!{a If,
t pa, BparaM, pa3pYIllIfBIllIfM CB5ITIfJIIfIII.e [nUlI.XeJIaypH,
197;7 C'J A )' U XaUlYpu (KaxeTH5I. CIfrHaxcKHII P-H
3CCP). 3,l1.eCb 06Ifapy)!{eHbI OT,lI.eJIbHble MOrHJIbi. .aBe
fPY HUX CO,ll.ep)!{aJIIf CKeJIeTbI C 3aCTp51BWHMH B KOCT51X
peJIaMH CKH<pcKoro TIfna VII-VI BB.,lI.O H. 3. [[1Huxe-
!IaypIf 1979, c. 16). A CC P
. IS' ACTXU-6AYP (H,lI.)!{eBaHCKHH P-H pM ,ceBepo-
TO Ha51 OKpaIfIfa ceJIeHIf51 EHOKaBaH). HCCJIe,ll.OBaJIaCb
BOC JIOnHlJeCKa51 KpenOCTb C xpaMOBblM KOMnJIeKCOM, BHYT-
U:KKOToporo 06Hapy)!{eIfO ,lI.Ba KyJIbTYPHbIX CJI 51. B Bepx-
eM CJIoe BMeCTe C MHO)!{eCTBOM MeCTHbIX BeIII.eH VI-V BB.
,lI.0 H. 3. HaH,lI.eHa O,ll.Ha CTpeJIa CKIf<pCKoro THna (ECa51H,
1976, c. 48). CCP
19 TM.6aoup (H,lI.)!{eBaIfCKIfH P-H ApM ,ceBepo-Bo-
CTOlJIf 5I OKpaIfHa CeJIeHH5I AlJa,ll.)!{YP). B O,ll.HO H3 nOMe-
eHIfH, pacnOJIO)!{eHHblX BHYTPIf HCCJIe,ll.OBaBWeHC51 ..UHKJIO-
'::ulJeCKOH KpenocTH, B 5lMe, BepxH.,5151 lJaCTb KOTOpOH 6bIJIa
3aCblnaHa 06BaJIIfBIlleHC5I CTeHOIf, HaXO,ll.HJIaCb CTpeJIa
KH<pcKoro TIfna IfCKpIfBJIeHHa51, OlJeBIf,ll.HO, B pe3YJlbTaTe
Ona,ll.aHH5I B TB p,ll.blH npe,ll.MeT. 51Ma If MeJIa CKopee Bcero
X0351HCTBeHHoe Ha3Ha lJeHIfe, HO HIfKaKoro CO,ll.ep)!{HMOrO B
HeH He 6bIJIO. HaH,lI.eHHbIH B KpenocTIf MaTepHaJI, rJIaBHbIM
06pa30M KepaMIflJeCKIfH, n03BOJI51eT ,lI.aTHpOBaTb KOMnJleKC B
ueJIOM VI-V BB. ,lI.0 H. 3. [ECa51H, 1976, c. 55).
20. HOpaUleH. (lliaMIlla,ll.IfHCKHH P-H APMCCP, .5 .KM K
IOrO-3ana.ll.Y OT CeJIeHIf51 HopaIlleH). ll.HKJIOnHlJeCKa51 Kpe-
nOCTb, IfCCJIe,ll.OBaHHa51 He nOJIHOCTblO, a OT,lI.eJlbHbIMIi wyp-
<paMH. 06Hapy)!{eHHbIH MaTepIfaJI n03BOJI51eT B ueJIOM ;J. TH-
pOBaTb ee VI-IV BB. ,lI.0 H. 3. B wyp<pe .N''l I 6bJ.T1O HaH.lI.e-
HO 8 HaKOHelJHHKOB CTpeJI CKH<pcKoro THna, OTHOC5IWHXC51 B
VII VI BB " 0 H 3 LJacTb HaKOHCqHHKOB
OCHOBHOM K - . Po ..
UCKpUBJIeHa If nOJIOMaHa, lJTO n03BOJIHJIO TpaKTOBaTb HX
KaK opY)!{He HanaBWIfX Ha KpenOCTb BparOB. OqeBIiJ..liO B
TO )!(e BpeM51, lJTO Hana.ll.eHIfe 3TO He nOJIOIKHJIO KOHCU ,KH3-
HIf KpenOCTlf -[ECa51H, 1976, c. 63). u
21. XpTaH.ou, (.aHJIH)!{aHCKIfH P-H ApMCCP). ClyqaIiHO
OTKpblTblH Ha oKpaHHe cOBpeMeHHoro ropo.la llIl.lllfKaHa
MOrHJIbHHK HCCJle!l.OBaJIC51 B 1929 II 1950 rr. [. \iJpTllpOC5IH,
1954, c. 19, CJI.; ECa51H, OraHeC51H, 1969, c. 100-101] Hc-
C,Ttep.oBliHo Bcero 25 KpOMJIeXoB. B O,ll.HOM H3 HIIX (KpOM-
25
JIex 2, paCKonKH 1950 r. [MapTHpOC>IH, 1954, c. 39]) HaH-
.n.eH MaJIeHbKHH )J{eJIC3HbIH TonopHK CKH<pcKoro THna.
OCTaJIbHOH HHBeHTapb MOrHJIbHHKa THrrHqHO MecTHbIH. Pac-
KonKaMH 1929 r. Ha TOM me MOrHJIbHHKe 6blJIO 06Hapy)!{e-
HO rpYHTOBoe norpe6eHHe C COBMeCTHWM 3axopOHeHHeM
KOH>I H qeJIOBeKa. K COmaJIeHHIO, YCTaHOBHTb xapaKTep
::noro KOMrrJIeKCa He y.n.aJIOCb I[MapTHpocHH, 1954, c. 42],
H orrpe.n.eJIHTb ero TOqHYIO .n.aTY He rrpe.n.CTaBJIHeTCH B03-
MO)!{HbIM. XpOHOJIOrH5I XpTaHOll.CKHX KpOMJIeXOB, .n.aTHpO-
BaHHWX B paMKax VII-VI BB. .n.o H. 3., onpe.n.eJIHJIaCb
rJIaBHblM 06pa30M rro MeCTHOMY MaTepHaJIY. )KeJIe3HbIH
TonopHK CJIymHT elll.e O.n.HHM no.n.TBep)!{.n.eHHeM BepXHeii
rpaHHlI.W 3TOH .n.aTbl.
22. AKftep (TYMaHHHcKHH P-H APMCCP, 6bIBlllee ceJIe-
HHe BopHaK). EOJIblllOH MOrHJIbHHK, B KOTOpOM HeCKOJIbKHMH
HCCJIe.n.OBaTeJIHMH paCI<orraHO 60JIee 100 MOrHJI, OTHOCHllI.HX-
CH K pa3HblM XpOHOJIOmqeCKHM nepHo.n.aM paHHero )!{eJIe3-
HOro BeKa. fIplf pacKonKax H. 51. Mappa 1893 r. B O.n.HOM
H3 KaMeHHbIX HllI.lfKOB 6blJIH 06Hapy)!{eHbl .n.Be CTpeJIbI
CKH<pcKoro THrra [OAK 3a 1893 r., c. 14-16J, .n.aTHpoBaHHwe
V-IV BB. .n.o H. 3. [MapTHpOC>IH, 1954, c. 10-11; fIHOT-
pOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 247J.
23. MaKapameft (KHpoBaKaHcKHH P-H ApMCCP). B ce-
. BepHoH qaCTH ceJIa MaKapallleH' HCCJIe.n.OBaHa 60JIbllla>I
MOrHJIa, co.n.epmaBlllaH OCTaTKH llleCTH CKeJIeTOB. Cpe.n. H
06HJIbHOro H pa3Ho06pa3Horo HHBeHTapH, npHHa.n.JIe)!{alll.e-
ro MeCTHOH KYJIbType, eCTb o.n.Ha 6pOH30BaH BTYJIbqaTaH
CTpeJIa. A. A. MapTlfpOC5IH CqHTaJI 3TO norpe6eHHe npOMe-
)!{YTOqHWM MemJl.Y naM5ITHHKaMH VIII-VII H V-IV BB.
.n.o H. 3. H .n.aTHpOBaJI ero, yqHTWBaH <POPMY BTYJIbqaToro
HaKOHeqHHKa, caMbI'v! KOHlI.OM VII-VI B. .n.o H. 3. [MapTH-
pOCHH, 1964, c. 286-288].
24. KYPTaft (CTenallaBaHcKHH P-H ApMCCP). MOrHJIb-
HHK pacrrOJIOmeH IOiKHee CeJleHHH KypTaH, no 06e CTOpO-
Hbl .lI.OpOrH, Be.ll.YllI.el1 B CTerraHaBaH. MOrHJlbHHK ;1.0BOJIbHO
06111HPHblii, HO TOqHOe qllCJIO COCTaBJI5IBWHX ero KpoMJlexoB,
KaK H qHCJlO pacKonaffHblx rrorpe6eHHH, HeH3BeCTHO. B o.n.-
HOM H3 KpOMJleXOB C 60raTblM H pa3Ho06pa3HblM HHBeHTa-
peM MeCTHOH KYJlbTypbI lIaXO.ll.HJICH )!{eJIe3Hb1H Torrop Toro
)!{e THrra. qTO H B .\pT3I10ll.e. XOTH 3aKaBKa3CKHH MaTepH-.
aJI MorH.'lbHHKa T5IrOTC'('T B OCHOBHQM K VII B. Jl.0 H. 3.,
rrpHCYTCTBHe B Hel>l 3101'0 Torropa no .n.HJIO A. A. MapTH-
pOC5IHa Jl.aTHpOBan Ben, MOrHJIbHHK VI-V BB. Jl.0 H. 3.
r Ma pnlpOC5IH, 1964. c. 289-291].
25. ApTamaT (ApdpaTcKHH P-H APMCCP, 6JIH3 e,1HJ
26
e.l1,CTaBJl>IeT C060H ropo.l1,Hrn e -
JtycaKepT). na HTHHK fip ApMeHIJH. Ha nOBepxHocTH O.ll.-
OCTaTKIl .J.peBHell CTOJI 6 HlI.bI JIyqaHHO HaH.lI.eHa 6pOH30Ba>I
Horo H3 ero XOJIMOB bitaIl VI BB. .lI.O H. 3. fIaMHTHHK B
CT eJIa CKII<pCKoro THna B eMeHH HO B HHm-
u.e OM OTHOCIfTCH K 60JIee n ;=eM e6gJIbllloi'/ ypapTcKHH
HHX ero ropll30HTax 06Hapy Y noMHHYTaH CTpe-
" C KOTO p blM B03MO)!{HO, H CBH3aHa
CJIOII, '
JIa rApaKeJIHH, 1969]. 6 " P-H ApMCCP). 3.n.ecb
26. LJU'iKa8aft (HoeM epHHCKHH HHK CTpeJIbl CKH<pcKoro
6 wJI cJIyqaHHO 06Hapy)!{eH HaKOHeq )
6 XO.ll.KH HeH3BeCTHbl .
THIla (no;I.po HOCTH Ha 3anadftaJl KpenocTb (cpe.n.HeBe-
27. ApcUUHUXUftUAU - "H A MCCP). B paHo-
KOBblH ApMaBllp; OKTeM6ePHH p C :e Hbi PCJIe.n.bl cpa)!{eHHH,
He KperrOCTHbIX BOpOT, r.n.e n CT eJI CKH<pCKoro THrra
6blJIO 06HapY>KeHO HeCKOJIb a.ll.JI )KaBlllHX, no MHeHHIO
VII-VI BB. .lI.O H. 3., np lllT MOBaBlllHM ropo.n..
A A. MapTIJpOCHHa, BparaM, YPH 6blJI Haii.n.eH )!{e-
B' nOMelll.eHHH ,N'Q 5, BO .n.Bope Kpen ) ocT [M ' apT H p ocHH 1974,
" ( cox p aHHJlC 51 ,
JIe3HblI1 aKHHaK He Y KperrOCTb AprHlllTHXH-
c. 170, pHC. 108, c. 172]. t?oTBcKea:eHHo C TeHllle6aHHH,
HHJIH naJIa, OqeBH.lI.HO, .n. 6 p _ H n03)!{e caMoro Ha-
qTO orrpe.n.CJIHeT .n.aTY ee rH eJIR e
qaJIa VI B. .LI.O H. 3. nOCTb B nOMelll.e-
28 A p cUUlTUXUftUAU - 80CTO'iftaR. Kpe. 3a-
. HCT p oeHHoM cHapY)!{H K
HHH ypapTcKoro BpeMe H, rrp Y nepBoH H BTOpOH
rra.ll.HOH 060pOHIITeJIbHOH CTeHe, Me)!{.n. y60p a CKHrt-.-
" bi eTaJIH KOHCKoro 't'
6aWHHMIf, 6bIJIH HaH.n.euH .LI. " <pparMeHTbl KOCTHHblX
CKoro THrra - KOCT HO H H 6p ::r rt-.aJIap [THpall.HH, 1968,
fJ p HmeK .lI.J1H peMHelf 't' yp apT-
1 Il ] [10.1. rrOJIOM 3JIJIHHHCTHqeCKOii KY3H H lI. bl , B
c.. 6 6H meH npe.LI.MeT H3 OJIeHberO
CKOM BHHHOM norpe e 0 apy 6JIH3 KHMH KeJIep-
rt-. H306 p ameHHHMH,
P ora C peJlbe't'HblMH KHpbl H HO)!{HaX
6 . H M Ha PY KoHTKe ce
MeCCKHM 1130 pameH 51 u 1978 C 9 ]
1 1\ 68 113' [1HOTPOBCKHH, ,.,
Meqa [THpallHII, J ,C., MaTpHlI.eH .n.JI5I
E E. [1HOTPORCKHH CqHTaJI 3TOT npe.LI. MeT 10 6p OH30B Y IO
. 6 u Ha MeTaJIJlHqecKY -
HaHeceHHH IUO pa>KeHHH r A TIf-
Y nYTe>,t BbIKOJIOTKH, a . .
HJlH 30.10T)'IO - nJla THHK e;rrOJIOmeHHe rrpe.n.cTaBJIHeT- .
pall.HH - neqaTblO. epBoe np HTbIBaTb qTO Bbl-
CH 60Jlee y6e;lHTeJlbHbIM, XOTH ;;1:: 0 H q OqeHb TbHKOii 30-
KO.'10TKa lOr.la npOH3BO.ll.HTbC5I THBHOM cJlyqae KpaH MaT-
JIOTOH 06K.liUKe, TaK KaK B npo 3 eJIHH u rr p OHcxOJl.H-
6 C p e.n.H rr p OqHX H .n. ,
PHU. bl OT6lfR3J1HCb bI. 6 H30Bble CTpeJIbl CKH<pCKO-
llI.HX OTCIO:la. lIHTepeCHbl TPH po .lJ.B e H3 HHX
VII-VI BB. .LI.O H. 3.
ro THna. :131llpoBaHHble 171 ] o.n.Ha CTpeJla 1f3
ony6.rIHl\OB<lllbl [ApaKeJIHH, 1969, c. ,
'27
paCKOhbk f. A. THpanHHa He ony6 HKOBaHa. YC OBHH UX
HaXOnKH HeH3BeCTHW.
29. rpa Ula (3'lMHa.n.3HHCKIiH p-H, ApMCCP). U.HK O-
nH'leCKa>I KpenocTb pacnO O)!{eHa HeJ.a.1eKO OT ceJIa Hopa-
KepT. B pa3pe3e CKJIOHa, Ha KOTOpOM pacnOJIO)!{eHa Kpe-
nOCTb, 'leTKO npOC e)!{HBaIOTC>I n03.n.He6pOH30Bwe H ypapT-
CKHe CJIOH. P. TOpOC>IHOM BO BpeM>I apxeoJIOrH'leCKOrO 06-
c e.n.OBaHH>I MeCTHOCTH 6W H no.n.06paHw J,Ba BTYJIb'laTWX
HaKOHellHHKa CTpeJI.
30. HopaKepT (3l1MHa.n.3HHcKHH P-H ApMCCP). B no e
OKO O :;noro Ce eHH>I 6w HaH.n.eH BTYJIb'laTbIH HaKOHellHHK
CTpeJIbI (c60pw P. TOpOC>IHa. 3l1MHan3HHcKHH KpaeBe.n.'le-
CKHH MY3eH). -
31. cf>pw-tKaHOlf (3l1MHa.n.3HHCKHi'I P-H ApMCCP). Y ce-
eHH>I <t>paHKaHOII. 6w CJIYllaHHo Haib.eH Ha60p CTpe.n
CKHQ>CKoro THna.
32. II.BUH (ApTalllaTcKHH P-H ApMCCP). npH' HeycTa-
HOBJIeHHWX 06CTO>ITeJIbCTBax HaH.n.eH HaKOHellHHK cTpeh
CKHQ>CKoro THna (fMA, HHB. .N'2 2196/64). KaK H3BecTHo,
nOMHMO OCHOBHWX cpe.n.HeBeKoBblX CJIOeB B .LI.BHHe 6W H
06Hapy)!{eHbl H 60JIee paHHHe, B 'laCTHOCTH CJIOH 3nOXH
paHHero )!{e e3a, C KOTOpWMH cKopee Bcero II CB>I3aHa yno-
M>IHYTa>I HaXo.n.Ka.
33. lI.'JICpapaT (Pa3.n.aHcKHH P-H ApMCCP). 3.n.ecb 6w
BCKpblT KaMeHHwH >ImHK, co.n.ep)!{aLII.Hfl 60raToe norpe6e-
HHe VII-VI BB. .n.o H. 3. Cpe.n.H THnll'lHO MCCTHOro HHBeH-
Tap>I 6blJIH TPH CTpeJIW CKHQ>CKoro THna nJIOXOH coxpaH-
HOCm [MHaII.aKaHSlH, THpaII.>IH, 1961, c. 71).
34. OmaKa.H (AlllTapaKcKHH P-H ApMCCP). Ha BeplllH-
He XOJIMa .LI.H.n.HKOH.n. 6blJIO HCCJIe.n.oBaHo CBblwe 80 pa3Ho-
BpeMeHHblx norpe6eHHH VIII B. .n.o H. 3. - I II B. H. 3., )!(H-
Hma H X03>IHCTBeHHble cOOpy)!{eHH>I. f1orpe6eHHe NQ 25
npe.n.CTaBJI>IJIO C060H KaMeHHWH 51LII.HK C OCTaTKaMH 3axo-
pOHeHHH 27 lIeJIOBeK. Cpe.n.H 60raToro HHBellTap5l, B KOTO-
pOM XOpOlllO npe.n.CTaBJIeHbl KaK MeCTHble, TaK H ypapT-
CKHe Q>OPMW, eCTb 1 I HaKOHellHHKOB CTpeJI CKHQ>cKoro TH-
na. no BceMY KOMnJIeKcy BemeH norpe6eHIIC .n.aTHpyeTC>I
HallaJIOM HJIH cepe.n.HHoH VI B. }J.O H. 3. [ECiiHH, KaJIaHTa-
p>IH, 1976).
35. fleM3ameH (6bIBlllHH MaHMH1DKVX IIJlH Max MY-
.n.)!{yr; ApmKcKHH P-H ApMCCP). Eo.iee' 20 6pOH30BWX
BTYJIb'laTbIX CTpeJI npoHCxo.n.>IT H3 pa3MbiToro pY'lbeM MO-
fHJItHHKa HJIH )!{epTBeHHoro MeCTa (C60pbl O. ErH3ap>IHa).
. ACTxaJ30p (MapTYHHHCI\HH pH ApMCCP).
A. O. MHaII.aKaH5IHOM 6blJI IICCJIenOBall 6(J.lbWOli KaMeH-
28
1t1>l/\ HillUK, co.nep)t{aStuHH kOJlJteKTUBiibe (35 KOC1'HKbB J
3axOpoHeHHe. norpe6cHlIe COnpOBO){.;na.'ll1 KepaMII'leCKlle H
Jle O Hb ' e Be Ill. n nOCJIeJ.HHe 6.1H3KH no Q>opMe ypapTCKHM.
)Kc J. , 6
. B Ta30BoH KOCTH onHoro H3 norpe6eHHwx 3aCTp>IJI POH-
30BWH HaKOHellHHK CTpem>l CKHQ>cKoro THna. HaH60JIee Be-
05lTHa51 .n.aTa KOMnJIeKCa B II.eJIOM - VI B. .n.o H. 3. [nH-
TPOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 247].
37. lliupaKaBaH (AXYp>IHCKHH P-H ApMCCP). B Bepx-
HHX CJIO>IX nOCe eHH5I 6W H HaH.n.eHw .n.Ba HaKOHellHHKa
6pOH30BWX BTYJIbllaTWX CTpeJI. ABTOp pacKonoK
<1>. H. Tep-MapTHpocOB npe.n.BapHTeJIbHO .n.aTHpOBaJI 3TOT
CJIOH V-IV BB. .n.o H. 3. (MaTepHaJI rOTOBHTC>I K ne'laTH .
38. FexoBuT (6WBlllHH BepHH KapaH YK; MaP::YHHH-
CKHH P-H ApMCCP). HenonaJIeKY OT II.HKJIOnHlIeCKOlf Kpe-
nOCTH npH 3eMJI>IHWX pa60Tax 6blJIO pa3pYllleHo norpe6e-
HHe, B KOTOpOM OKa3aJIHCb 6pOH30Bbie lI CTH lIeTWvpex
ypapTCKHx TpOHOB. B lIHCJIe npOllllx H3neJIHH 3.n.eCb HaHne-
Ha PYKO>ITKa H lIaCTb KJIHHKa KpynHoro )!{eJIe3HOrO aKHHa-
Ka. KOMnJIeKC .n.aTHpoBaH VII-VI BB. .n.o H. 3. (MaTepH-
aJI rOTOBHTC>I K nellaTH).
39. Teume6auHu (ceBepo-3ananHa51 oKpaHHa EpeBaHa).
XOJIM KapMHp-6JIYP, ypapTcKHH ropo.n., npH pac onKax KO-
Toporo 6wJIO HaH.n.eHo MHOro CKHQ>CKHX H3.n.eJIHH. YCJIOBHSI
HX n05lBJIeHH>I Ha .n.aHHOM naM5ITHHKe n03BOJI>IIOT pa3.n.e-
JIHTb 3TH BemH Ha TPH rpynnbl. f1epBa51 rpynna - opY)!{He,
rJIaBHWM 06pa30M CTpeJIW, KOTOpblMH nOJIb30Ba HCb BparH,
oca.n.HBlllHe H pa3pYlllHBlllHe KpenocTb. BTOpa>I rpynna-
CKHQ>CKHe BemH, HaH.n.eHHwe BHYTPH KpenOCTH H nonaBlllHe
Ty.n.a B pe3YJIbTaTe 06MeHa HJIH H3rOTOBJIeHHbie Ha MeCTe
no CKHQ>CKHM 06pa3II.aM; B IIX lIlICJIO BXO.n.>IT H npenMeTW
Boopy)!{eHH>I, B 'laCTHOCTH BTYJIbllaTbie CTpe , ynoTpe6-
JI5IBlllHeC>I ypapTaMH .Hap>Iny C co6cTBeHHbIMH, aKHHaKH,
'laCTH KOHCKOro y60pa, 6YCbl, KOCT5IHbIe nOneJIKH, nOCJIen-
HHe HHor.n.a B Bnne 3arOTOBOK [nHOTpOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 241,
242J. TpeTb>I rpynna - cHHKpeTH4ecKHe CKHQ>o-ypapTcKHe
BemH, H3rOTOBJIeHHbie B nepHoJ. TeCl!bIX KOHTaKTOB MefKny
HOCHTeJI>IMH 3THX nBYx KYJlbTYp.
Haxo.n.KH B TeHwe6aHHH CKHQ>CKHX BemeH HMelOT nep-
BOCTeneHHoe 3Ha'leHlle .D.JI5I YTO'lHeHH5I naTHpoBKH 3THX no-
CJIe.n.HHX, TaK KaK .D.alOT nJI5I HHX 6eccnopHblH terminus an-
te quem. CKHQ>cKHe oemH H3 norD ypapTcKoro II.eHTpa HH
no apXeOJIOrHlIeCKHM, HH no IICTOpll'leCKHM naHHblM He MO-
rYT .n.aTHpOBaTbC5I n03)!(e caMoro llallaJIa VI, a cKopee
KOHII.a VII B. no H. 3. KaK 113BeCTHO, YpapTY KaK rocY.'I-ap-
CTBeHHoe 06pa30BaHlle naJlo noJ. Y;J,apaMH MH.n.HHII.eB B ne-
29
paCKOhbk f. A. THpanHHa He ony6 HKOBaHa. YC OBHH UX
HaXOaKH HeH3BeCTHW.
29. rpa Ula (3'lMHaa3HHcKIiH p-H, ApMCCP). U.HK O-
nH'leCKa>I KpenocTb pacnO O)!{eHa HeJ.a.1eKO OT ceJIa Hopa-
KepT. B pa3pe3e CKJIOHa, Ha KOTOpOM pacnOJIO)!{eHa Kpe-
nocTb, 'leTKO npOC e)!{HBaIOTC>I n03aHe6pOH30BbIe H ypapT-
CKHe CJIOH. P. TOpOC>IHOM BO BpeM>I apxeoJIOrH'leCKOrO 06-
c eaOBaHH>I MeCTHOCTH 6W H noa06paHw J,Ba BTYJIb'laTWX
HaKOHe'IHHKa CTpeJI.
30. HopaKepT (3'IMHaa3HHcKHH P-H ApMCCP). B no e
OKO O :;noro Ce eHH>I 6w HaHaeH BTYJIb'laTbIH HaKOHe'IHHK
CTpeJIbI (c60pw P. TOpOC>IHa. 3'IMHa.lI.3HHCKHH KpaeBea'le-
CKHH MY3eH). -
31. cf>pw-tKaHOlf (3'IMHaa3HHcKHi'I P-H ApMCCP). Y ce-
eHH>I <t>paHKaHOII. 6w CJIY'IaHHO Haib.eH Ha60p CTpe.n
CKHQ>CKoro THna.
32. j],BUH (ApTalllaTcKHH P-H ApMCCP). npH' HeycTa-
HOBJIeHHWX 06CTO>ITeJIbCTBax HaHaeH HaKOHe'IHHK cTpehbI
CKHQ>CKoro THna (fMA, HHB. .N'2 2196/64). KaK H3BecTHo,
nOMHMO OCHOBHWX cpeaHeBeKoBblX CJIOeB B .LI.BHHe 6W H
06HapY)KeHbl H 60JIee paHHHe, B 'laCTHOCTH CJIOH 3nOXH
paHHero )Ke e3a, C KOTOpWMH cKopee Bcero II CB>I3aHa yno-
M>IHYTa>I HaXOaKa.
33. j],'JICpapaT (Pa3aaHcKHH P-H ApMCCP). 3aecb 6w
BCKpblT KaMeHHbIH >ImHK, COaep)KaLII.Hfl 60raToe norpe6e-
HHe VII-VI BB. ao H. 3. CpeaH THnll'lHO MCCTHOro HHBeH-
Tap>I 6blJIH TPH CTpeJIW CKHQ>CKoro THna nJIOXOH coxpaH-
HOCm [MHaII.aKaHSlH, THpaII.>IH, 1961, c. 71).
34. OmaKa.H (AlllTapaKcKHH P-H ApMCCP). Ha BeplllH-
He XOJIMa .LI.HaHKOHa 6blJIO HCCJIeaOBaHo CBblwe 80 pa3Ho-
BpeMeHHbIx norpe6eHHH VIII B. ao H. 3. - I II B. H. 3., )!(H-
Hma H X03>IHCTBeHHbie COOpY)KeHH>I. f1orpe6eHHe NQ 25
npeaCTaBJI>IJIO C060H KaMeHHl>lH 51LII.HK C OCTaTKaMH 3axo-
pOHeHHH 27 'IeJIOBeK. CpeaH 60raToro HHBellTap5l, B KOTO-
pOM XOpOlllO npeaCTaBJIeHbl KaK MeCTHble, TaK H ypapT-
CKHe Q>OPMW, eCTb 1 I HaKOHe'IHHKOB CTpeJI CKHQ>cKoro TH-
na. no BceMY KOMnJIeKcy BemeH norpe6eHIIC aaTHpyeTC>I
Ha'IaJIOM HJIH cepeaHHoH VI B. }J.O H. 3. [ECiiHH, KaJIaHTa-
p>IH, 1976).
35. fleM3ameH (6bIBlllHH MaHMHlI)KYX, IIJlH Max MY-
a)Kyr; ApmKcKHH P-H ApMCCP). EOMe 20 6pOH30BWX
BTYJIb'laTbIX CTpeJI npOHCXOa>IT H3 pa3MbiToro PY'lbeM MO-
fHJItHHKa HJIH )KepTBeHHoro MeCTa (C60pbl O. ErH3ap>IHa).
. ACTxaJ30p (MapTYHHHCI\HH pH ApMCCP).
A. O. MHaII.aKaH5IHOM 6blJI IICCJIejl.OBall 6(J.lbWOli KaMeH-
28
1>1/\ HillUK, co.nep)t{aStuHH kOJlJteKTUBiibe (35 KOC1'HKbB J
=axoPoHeHHe. norpe6cHlIe COnpOBO){';.lI.a.'l1l KepaMII'leCKlle H
fI'cJle3Hb!e BeIll.H, nOCJIeJ.HHe 6.1H3KH no Q>opMe ypapTCKHM.
B' Ta30BoH KOCTH O.lI.HOrO H3 norpe6eHHbIx 3aCTp>IJI 6pOH-
30BWH HaKOHe'IHHK CTpe bI CKHQ>cKoro THna. HaH60JIee Be-
05lTHa51 aaTa KOMnJIeKCa B II.eJIOM - VI B. ao H. 3. [nH-
TPOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 247].
37. lliupaKaBaH (AXYp>IHCKHH P-H ApMCCP). B Bepx-
HHX CJIO>IX nOCe eHH5I 6W H HaHaeHw aBa HaKOHe'IHHKa
6pOH30BWX BTYJIb'IaTWX CTpeJI. ABTOp paCKonOK
<1>. H. Tep-MapTHpOCOB npeaBapHTeJIbHO aaTHpOBaJI 3TOT
CJIOH V-IV BB. ao H. 3. (MaTepHaJI rOTOBHTC>I K ne'laTH .
38. FexoBuT (6WBlllHH BepHH KapaH YK; MaP::YHHH-
CKHH P-H ApMCCP). Heno.lI.aJIeKY OT II.HKJIOnH'IeCKOlf Kpe-
nOCTH npH 3eMJI>IHbIX pa60Tax 6blJIO pa3pYllleHo norpe6e-
HHe, B KOTOpOM OKa3aJIHCb 6pOH30Bbie 'I CTH 'I eTbIvp ex
ypapTCKHx TpOHOB. B 'IHCJIe npO'IlIx H3.lI.eJIHH 3aeCb HaHjl.e-
Ha PYKO>ITKa H 'IaCTb KJIHHKa KpynHoro )!{eJIe3HOrO aKHHa-
Ka. KOMnJIeKC aaTHpoBaH VII-VI BB. ao H. 3. (MaTepH-
aJI rOTOBHTC>I K ne'IaTH).
39. Teume6auHu (ceBepO-3anajl.Ha51 oKpaHHa EpeBaHa).
XOJIM KapMHp-6JIYP, ypapTcKHH ropoa, npH pac onKax KO-
Toporo 6wJIO HaHaeHO MHOro CKHQ>CKHX H3aeJIHH. YCJIOBHSI
HX n05lBJIeHH>I Ha aaHHOM naM5ITHHKe n03BOJI>IIOT pa3ae-
JIHTb 3TH BemH Ha TPH rpynnbl. f1epBa51 rpynna - opY)KHe,
rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M CTpeJIbI, KOTOpblMH nOJIb30Ba HCb BparH,
ocaaHBlllHe H pa3pYlllHBlllHe KpenocTb. BTOpa>I rpynna-
CKHQ>CKHe BemH, HaHaeHHbIe BHYTPH KpenOCTH H nonaBlllHe
Tyaa B pe3YJIbTaTe 06MeHa HJIH H3rOTOBJIeHHbie Ha MeCTe
no CKHQ>CKHM 06pa3II.aM; B IIX 'IIICJIO BXOa>IT H npe.lI.MeTW
BoopY)KeHH>I, B 'laCTHOCTH BTYJIb'IaTble CTpe bI, ynoTpe6-
JI5IBlllHeC>I ypapTaMH .Hap>I.lI.Y C co6cTBeHHbIMH, aKHHaKH,
'laCTH KOHCKOro y60pa, 6YCbl, KOCT5IHbIe nO.lI.eJIKH, nOCJIejl.-
HHe HHoraa B BHjl.e 3arOTOBOK [nHOTpOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 241,
242J. TpeTb>I rpynna - cHHKpeTH4ecKHe CKHQ>o-ypapTcKHe
BemH, H3rOTOBJIeHHbie B nepHoJ. TeCl!bIX KOHTaKTOB MefKjl.y
HOCHTeJI>IMH 3THX .lI.BYX KYJlbTYp.
HaxoaKH B TeHwe6aHHH CKHQ>CKHX BemeH HMelOT nep-
BOCTeneHHoe 3Ha'leHlle J.JI5I YTO'lHeHH5I .lI.aTHpOBKH 3THX no-
CJIeaHHX, TaK KaK J].alOT jl.JI5I HHX 6eccnopHblH terminus an-
te quem. CKHQ>cKHe oemH H3 norD ypapTcKoro II.eHTpa HH
no apXeOJIOrH'IeCKHM, HH no IICTOpll'leCKHM jl.aHHbIM He MO-
rYT aaTHpOBaTbC5I n03)Ke caMoro lla'IaJIa VI, a cKopee
KOHII.a VII B. jl.0 H. 3. KaK 113BeCTHO, YpapTY KaK rocY.'I-ap-
CTBeHHoe 06pa30BaHlle naJlo noJ. Y;J,apaMH MHaHHII.eB B ne-
29
KonaHHbIX MOrHJI Be (N!1 6 H 113) cO,ll.ep)!{aJIH no O.'l.HOMY
6pOH30BOMY HaKoHe4HHKY CTpeJIW CKH<pcKoro THna pa3HoH
<pOpMbI. fIorpe6eHHe N!1 6 aTHpoBaHO HCCJIe OBaTemIMH
V I B. ,lI.0 H. 3., a norpe6eHHe N!1 113 (04eBH,lI.HO, Ha OCHO-
BaHHH <pOpMbI CTpeJIbI) - KOHUOM VII-VI BB. ,lI.0 H. 3.
rfpMaxeBHCTaBH, 1980, c. 202, pHC. 86, Ta6JI. IX, pHC. 183,
Ta6JI. XXIXI.
51. rOMapeTu (.L{MaHHccKHH P-H fPY3CCP). B ceJIe
fOMapeTIf HCCJIe,ll.OBaHO 12 KaMeHHblX HIlI.HKOB. Ha TeppH-
TOpHH MOrHJIbHIfKa o6Hapy)!{eH 6pOH30BbIH HaKOHe4HHK
CTpeJIbl, ,lI.aTHpOBaHHbIH HCCJIe,ll.OBaTeJIeM IV-III BB.
,lI.0 H.3. f,lJ,aBJIHaHH,lI.3e, 1977a, c. 99, pHC. II].
52.. AxaA uxe (AXaJIUH:cKHH P-H fpY3CCP). CTpeJIbI,
CJIY4alfHO Half,ll.eHHbIe B paHoHe AXaJIlJ.Hxe, IfMeIOTCH B fo-
cY,lI.apCTBeHHoM HCTopH4ecKoM MY3ee (MocKBa) B COCTaBe
KOJIJIeKUHH UQYKHHa.
53. EeuJ,TameH.u (lI.aJIKHHCKHH P-H fpY3CCP). MOrHJIb-
HHK, pacnOJIO)!{eHHbIH HenOCpe,ll.CTBeHHo 6JIH3 pa3BaJIHH
UHKJIOnH4eCKOH KpenocTH, COCTOHJI H3 KaMeHHWX HIlI.HKOB II
cO}J:ep)!{aJI B OCHOBHOM MecTHblH HHBeHTapb. B O,ll.HOM H3
HIlI.HKOB HaH,lI.eH HaKOHe4HHK CTpeJIbI CKH<pcKoro THna. KaK
<popMa CTpeJIbI. TaK H BeCb MaTepHaJI MOrHJIbHHKa n03BOJIH-
JIH _'J.aTHpoBaTb ero VI B. o H. 9. [ K y thTlfH 1941 c. 42-
461. . 't'"
54. 1{Ul{aMYPu (MuxeTcKIfH P-H fpY3CCP). EJIH3 CTaH-
UHH MuxeTa 6wJIO HCCJIe,ll.OBaHO OT,lI.eJIbHOe 3axopoHeHHe.
B rpYHToBOH MOrlfJIe pH OM co cKop4eHHbIM norpe6eHlfeM
4eJIOBeKa JIe)!{aJI CKeJIeT KOHH C )!{eJIe3HbIMIf Y,lI.HJIaMH B
3y6ax. B IfHBeHTape - CTpeJIbI CKH<pcKoro Tlfna H ,lI.JIHH-
HbIH )KeJIe3HbIH Me4. fIaMHTHIfK ,lI.aTlfpOBaH VI B. ,lI.O H. 3.
IKY<PTHH, 1941, c. 47, pHC. 41,a-z].
55. CaMTaBpO (MuxeTcKIfH P-H fPY3CCP). CaMTaBp-
CKHli MOrHJIbHIfK BKJII04aeT 60JIee 700 KaMeHHbIX HIlI.HKOB
H rpYHToBbIX norpe6eHIfH, OTHOCSlIlI.HXCH K 3noxe n03}J:Hei:i
6pOH3bI H paHHero )!{eJIe3a. CKIf<pcKlfe BeIll.If 6bIJIH 0611a-
py;+;eHbI B 13 1f3 94 MOrHJI 3nOXH paHHero )!{eJIe3a (no Ma-
Tepl1aJIaM pacKonoK 50-x roiI.oB): N!1 14, 27, 50, 71. 99,
104, 106, 194, 212, 250, 293, 295, 319. B 3THX norpe6eHlI-
HX lIaH,lI.eHW )!{eJIe3HbIe aKIfHaKlf, 6pOH30Bbie BTYJIb4aTbre
CTpe.lbI H )!{eJIe3HWe TonopbI, npH4eM, KaK npaBHJIO, B co-
4eTaHHH ,lI.Pyr C ,lI.pyrOM. TaK, B MOrlfJIe N!1 27 cO,ll.ep)KaJIHcb
adfHaK, Tonop If HaKOHe4HlfKH CTpeJI CKH<pcKoro THna, B
MO f,1e N!! 212 - aKHHaK H Tonopbl, B MOrHJIe N!! 104 _.
CTpC,lbI H OCTaTKH naHUHp51 (naHUHpHbIe 4ewYl1KH B 3TOM
MorH.lbHIfKe BCTpe4aJIHCb JIIfWb B norpe6eHHSlX co CKHCP-
az
KHMH H ypapTcKHMH BeIll.aMH), B MOrHJIe N!1 350 - OCTaT:
C HUHP H H Tono p 4lfcJIO HaKOHe4HHKOB CTpeJI B O,ll.HOH
'KH na .
HJIe ,lI.OXO,ll.HJIO HHOr,ll.a ,lI.0 20, HO 4aIll.e orpaHH4HBaJIOCb
Mor eCTBOM 1-5 fIpH 9TOM HaKOHe4HlfKOB CTpeJI MeCT-
KOJIH aKaBKa3cKor THna B nepe4lfCJIeHHbIX 13 norpe6eHH-
Horo 6Il1. e He 6bIJIO 3a IfCKJII04eHHeM O,ll.Horo KOCT5IHOrO B
HX BOO ,
MOrliJIe N!1 71.
B norpe6eHHH NQ 106, cO,ll.ep)!{aBllleM, B .4acTHocTIf,
weCTb 6pOH30BbIX CTpeJI CKIf<pCKoro Tlfna, HaH}J:eHO He-.
CKOJIbKO KOCTHHbIX nO,ll.eJIOK, cpe,ll.1f KOTOpbIX BbI}J:eJIHeTCSI
rOJIOBKa )!{HBOTHOro, nO-BIf,ll.HMOMY rpH<pOHa, - 06pa3,. ,lI.JIH
3aKaBKa3CKoro HCKYCCTBa Bo06Il1.e He xapaKTepHblH, HO
06bI4HWH B CKH<pCKOM 3BeplfHOM CTHJIe.
B O,ll.HOH H3 MOrlfJI co CKIf<pCKHM opY)!{HeM (MorHJIa
,N!! 293) HaXO,ll.HJIaCb TaK)!{e KOJIXIf,ll.0-K06aHcKaH . npH)KKa.
.L{aTa nepe4HCJIeHHWX caMTaBpcKHx norpe6eHHH onpe,ll.e-
JI5IeTCH B paMKax VII-VI BB.,lI.O H. 3. [A6paMHWBIfJIH,
1957' A6paMHWBlfJIH, 1961].
56. ll.onu (oKpecTHocTIf T6IfJIHclf). B O,ll.HOM H3 norpe-
6eHHH 9Toro MOrHJIbHHKa BMeCTe C )!{eJIe3HbIM opY)!{HeM
MeCTHWX <pOpM HaH,lI.eHbI <pparMeHTw aKHHaKa (c06paHHe
fMr). '.
57. PYCTaBU (fap,ll.a6aHCKI<fH P-H fpY3CCP). npH CJIY-
4aHHWX 06CTOHTeJIbCTBaX 6bIJIO 06Hapy)\(eHO n5lTb HaKO-
He4HHKOB CTpeJI CKH<pcKoro Tlfna [J1oMTaTHf13e, 1953,
pHC. I. /-5].
58. XOBAe (KacncKHH P-H fpY3CCP). npH pacKonKax
nOceJIeHIfH XOBJIe-fopa, pacnOJIO)!{eHHOM Ha npaBoM 6epe-
ry p. Kypw, B CJIoe II I (IV B. ,lI.0 H. 3.) 06Ha pYiKeHo 60-
JIee 20. B CJIoe II (V B. ,lI.0 H.3.) - 8 HaKOHe4HHKOB CTpeJI
CKH<pc oro THna [MycXeJIHWBHJIH, 1978].
59. l1.BaH.U (KapeJIbCKHH P-H fpY3CCP). MOrHJIbHHK
pacnOJIO)!{eH Ha p. OpoHe 6JIH3 CeJIeHII5I !J.BaHIL J.-l3 14
pacKonaHHblx MOrliJI ,lI.Be (N!! 2 H II) COJ epiKaJII1 CKH<pcKHe
aKHHaKH, CTpeJIbI If )!{eJIe3HbIe TOnOpbI. B orH.1e N!1 II
6bIJIO TaK)Ke 06Hapy)!{eHO 4aCTH4Hoe 33XOpOHE'HI!e KOH5I C
)KeJIe3HbIMH Y,lI.HJIaMH. B norpe6eHHH N!! 4 Toro )Ke MO-
rHJIbHHKa 6bIJI HaH,lI.eH 6pOH30BbIH HaKOHe4HHK HO)!{eH C
3aKpY4eHHbIM KOHUOM - nina, xOP9WO I13BecTHoro B na-
MHTlIHKax CeBepHoro KaBKa3a paHHecKII<pcKoro BpeMeHIf.
norpe6aJIbHblH 06PH,lI. BO Bcex 14 MOrHJlaX 0J.Hoo6pa3eH If
CJIe,ll.yeT MeCTHbIM Tpa,ll.HUHHM (rpYHToBhre norpe6eHIIH, 06-
JI0)KeHHbIe KaMHeM, cKop4eHHoe nOJIO)!,eHl1e n:e.TJeToB).
TOJIbKO con pO BO)!{,lI. a IOIlI.ee KOHCKoe 3axopoHeHHe B bI}J:eJI HeT
norpe6eHHe N!! II 1f3 OCHIJIbHbIX no xapahTep>' Oop5l.la. Xpo-
9 3aK. ii.?
33,
HOJIOrIFleCKH BeCb KOMnJIeKC O,ll.HOpO,ll.eH. C. ¥I. MaKaJIanm
,lI.aTHpOBaJI ero VII-VI BB.,lI.O H. 3. ,[MaKaJIaTHH, 1949,
c. 225-2401. Ha TeppHTopHH MOrHJIbHHKa 6blJIH HaH,lI.eHbI
H Bew.H KOJIXH,lI.0-K06a HCKoro THna.
60. TAU (.II)KaBCKHlI P-H IOro-OceTHHcKoH AD
fpY3CCP). I13BeCTHbIl1 MOrHJIbHHK, paCnOJIOiKeHHblH 6JIH3
CeJIeHHH TJIH, Ha npOTHiKeHHH MHorHX JIeT HCCJIe,ll.YeTC5I
E. B. TeXOBbIM. Tw.aTeJIbHble H nO,ll.p06Hble ny6JIHKaII.HH
BBeJIH 13 uaY4HbIii 060POT n04TH Bce MaTepHaJIbl 3Toro 01'-
pOMHoro naMHTHIIKa, 13 TOM 4HCJIe H norpe6eHHH, cO,ll.ep-
iKaBWHe 3JIeMeHTbI CKHcpCKOi-i MaTepHaJIbHoi-i KYJIbTypbl
[TexoB, 1960; TexoB, 1963; TexoB, 1965; TexoB, 1966; Te-
XOB, 1971 H ,lI.p.]. AHaJIH3Y nOCJIe,ll.HHX nOCBHllI.eHa TaKiKe
CneII.HaJIbHa H MOHorp acpHH [TexoB, 1980a J.
Bew.H CKHcpcKoro THna CO,ll.epiKaT 15 norpe6eHHH 3Toro
06wHpHoro (60JIee 300 MOrHJI) H pa3HoBpeMeHHoro MO-
rHJIbHHKa. .KaK OTMelfaeT E. B. Texo , OHH He paCnOJIOiKe-
Hbl rpynnoH, a pacnpe,ll.eJIeHbl no BceH nJIOlll.a,ll.H MOrHJIbHO-
1'0 nOJIH. B 3THX norpe6eHHHX 06HapYiKeHbI 4aCTH BOOPy-
iKeHHH H KOHCK0I1 Y3,l1.bI, a TaKiKe npe,ll.MeTbI, YKpaweHHble
H306paiKeHH5IMH CTHJIH30BaHHbIX iKHBOTHbIX, KOTopble MO-
rYT 6bITb C6JIH)j{eHbI C npOH3Be,ll.eHHHMH CKHcpCKoro 3BepH-
Horo CTHJIH. BeuUl 3Toro THna, KaK npaBHJIO, C04eTalOTCH
,lI.pyr C .lI.pyroM, 4TO n03BOJIHeT BbI,lI.eJIHTb CO,ll.epiKaBWHe HX
norpe6eHHH 13 oc06ylO rpynny. 13 ,lI.BYX H3 HHX 3a<pHKCHpO-
BaHbI 3axopOHeHHH .'IOWa,ll.HHOrO 4epena, conpOBOiK,lI.aeMoro
4aCTHMH Y3.lI.bI. Y.1HJIa H3 norpe6eHHH N!! 68 HMelOT cTpe-
Me4KOBH.lI.Hble OKOl!lfaHHH; BMeCTe C HHMH HaH,lI.eHbI KOCTH-
Hble TpeX.lI.bIp4aTble nCaJIHH. n04TH 130 Bcex MOrHJIaX 3TOH
rpynnbl npllcYTcTBYIOT H Belll.H MeCTHoH, T. e. K06aHcKoH,
KYJIbTypbl; MeCTl!hI\1H 4epTaMH xapaKTepH3yeTcH TaKiKe HX
norpe6aJIhllbIrl 06pH.'l. E. B. TexoB [l980a1 ,lI.aTHpyeT T JIHH-
CKHe KOMnJIeKCbl, CO,ll.epiKalll.He Bew.H CKHcpCKHX THnOB
VII-VIBI3. IOH'j. '
61. KOPHUCU (3HaYPcKHH P-H IOro-OceTHHcKoH AO
fpY3CCP). Ha p npolle 6JIH3 CeJIeHHH KOpHHCH npH 3eM-
JIHllblX pa60Tax In,IJIO HaH,lI.eHo .J.Ba HaKOHe4HHKa CTpeJI
CKHcpCKOro THna I KycjJTHH, 1949, c. 27-28J.
62. PYK (lLhilBCKHH P-H IOro-OceTHHcKoH AO
fpY3CCP). Y ce.1(,IIIIH PYK (POK) 13 BepxHeM Te4eHHH
p. EOJIbWaH J1H3xBII Ha MOrHJIbHOM nOJIe, CO,ll.epiKaBWeM
OCTaTKH p 3HoBpeMeHHbIx MOrHJI, ,6blJI CJIyqaHHO HaH,lI.eH
6pOll30BbII! npe:DIl'T C H306paiKeHIJFM cBepHYBwerocH 3Be-
pH, 6JIH3KHM K na\1HTHHKaM CKHcpCKoro 3BepHHoro CTHJp:J
fKYCPTHH, 1949. c. 24-251. ."
34
63. Ko6eTll (IOro-OceTHHcKa>! AO rpY3CCP . Y ceJIe-
HHH K06eTII CJIY4aHHo HaH.lI.eHbI CTp JIbI CKHcpcKoro THna
[TeXOB, 1971, c. 217; TexoB, 1966, c. 43].
64. PYCTaBU (IOro-OceTHHcKaH AO fpY3CCP). Y ce-
JIeHH H PycTaBH CJIY4aHHo HaH,lI.eHbI CTpeJIbI CKHcpcKoro TII-
na [TeXOB, 1971, c. 217; TexoB, 1966, c. 43J.
65. EpU_lU (Paqa, OHCKHll p-H fpY3CCP). MOrHJIbHHK
pacno,loiKeH y CeJIeHHH fe6H. K COiKaJIeHHlO, MaTepHaJIbI
nO,ll.p06HO He H3,l1.aHbI, H Mbl pacnOJIaraeM JIHWb HX CYM-
MapHOrl xapaKTepHCTHKOH [f06e,ll.iKHWBHJIH, 1952, c. 99 CJI.].
OTJIII411TeJlbHOH 4epToH MOrHJIbHHKa 13 pH,lI.y CHHXPOHHbIX
naMHTHHKOB 3aKaBKa3bH HBJIHeTCH npe06JIa,ll.aHHe 06pH,lI.a
KpeMaII.HH. Oc060ro BHHMaHHH 3aCJIY)!{HBaeT Qpe3Bblqai-i-
HaH KOHII.eHTpaII.HH 3,l1.eCb 0PYiKHH CKHcpcKoro THna. TaK,
TOJIbKO 13 O,ll.HOM norpe6eHHH C TpynocoiKiKeHHeM HeCKOJIb-
KHX 4eJIOBeK CO.lI.epiKaJIOCb 12 aKHHa KOB H 15 iKeJIe3HbIX
TonopoB. 3,l1.eCb iKe 6bIJIH HaH.lI.eHbI Y,lI.HJIa H KOCTHHble no-
,lI.eJIKII co CTHJIH30BaHHbIMH H306paiKeHHHMH )!(HBOTHbIX, B
TOM 4HCJIe YKpaweHHH ce,ll.JIa, 6JIH3KHe caMTaBpCKHM. WH-
pOKO npe;1.CTaBJIeHbI TaKiKe Bew.H, xapaKTepHble ,lI.JIH KYJIb-
TYP KOJIXII;I.0-K06aHCKoro Kpyra. f. <1>. f06e,ll.iKHWBHJIH ,lI.a-
THpyeT 3TOT naMHTHHK VII-V 1313. .lI.0 H. 3. no xapaKTepy
HHBeHTapH II norpe6aJIbHOrO 06pH,lI.a EpHJIbCKHH MOrHJIb'
HHK 6JIH30K CHHXpOHHbIM naMHTHHKaM A6xa3HH, 13 4acT-
HOCTII MOrHJIbHHKaM fya,ll.-HXY, KpaCHOMaHII.KOMY, KYJIa.
HypXBHHCKOMY.
60. ryaouxy (A6xa3cKaH ACCP fpY3CCP). MOrHJIbHHK
fyaJ.Hxy (CTapwHH) paCnOJIOiKeH Ha XOJIMe fya,ll.a, I!a
rpaI!IlUe MeiK,lI.y r. CYXYMH H CeJIeHHeM Eblpuxa [Tpanw,
1969, c. 17 CJI.]. B MOrHJIbHHKe npe06JIa,ll.aJI 06pH,lI. nOJI-
HOrl HJIII 4aCTH4HoH KpeMaII.HHYMepwero.¥I331 HCCJIe,ll.O-
BaHHoro lIorpe6eIlHH 13 BOCbMH cO,ll.ep)!{aJIHCb iKeJIe3IIbie
TonopbI II B O.lI.HOM - aKHHaK (norpe6eHHe N!! 8). B norpe-
6eHHII N!! 8 6bIJIO npOCJIeiKeHO 4acTH4Hoe' COiKiKeHHe YMep-
wero. nO.1JOiKeHHoro BbITHHYTO lIa cnHHe rOJIOBOH Ha 3ana,J,.
00J.06Hoe iKe nOJIOiKeHHe CKeJIeTa 3acpHKcH pOBa HO ew.e B
weCTII MOrHJIaX (N!! 9, 11, 19, 24, 25, 29). I1HBeHTapb B
OCHOBHOM xapaKTepeH .lI.JIH naMHTHHKOB II.eHTpaJIbHOrO II
3anaJ.Horo 3aKaBKa3bH VIII--VII 1313. ,lI.0 H. 3.; 3TY ;I.aTY
nOJ.TBepiKJ.aIOT H npe,ll.MeTbl BoopYiKeHHH CKHcpCKoro Tl1rIa
[Tpanw. 1969, c. 78J. .
67. KpacHblu MaRK (A6xa3CKaH ACCP fpY3CCP). Mo- .
rH,lbHIIK paCnOJIOiKeH 13 noce,1Ke KpaCHbIH MaHK, Ha 33-
na_1HOrl (JKpaHHe r. CYXYMH [Tpanw, 1969, c. 78]. ¥IceIe-
.lI.OBaHo 104 norpe6eHlIH, 13 IIHBeHTape KOTOpbIX 3acpHKCI!-
3*
35
POB3Hbl, B 4aCTHOCTH, TPH )KeJle3H?lX Tonbpa H bAHH ItaK :
He4HHK CTpeJIbI CKH4>cKoro THna. 1\ O,lJ,HOMY Il3 nOrpe6eHHIl
(NQ 7) HenOCpe,lJ,CTBeHHO npHMbIKaeT 3axopoHeHHe KOHCKO-
ro 4epena. KaK npaBHJIO, CKeJIeTbI cOXpaHHJIHCb nJIOXO, HO,
HaCKOJIbKO MO)!{HO CY,lJ,HTb, npe06JIa,lJ,alOT cKop4eHHbie no-
rpe6eHHH B rpYHToBbIX HMax; npOCJIe)!{eH TaK)Ke 06pH,lJ,
BTopH4Horo 3axopoHeHHH B KYBwHHax. Xopowo npe,lJ,CTaB-
JIeHbI BeIU.H KOJIXIi,lJ,CKOH KYJIbTypbl. M. M. Tpanw ,lJ,aTHpO-
BaJI KpaCHOMaHu.KliH MOrHJIbHHK B u.eJIOM IX-VI BB.
AO H. 3. [Tpanw, 1969, c. 208].
68. KYAaH.ypxBa (fY,lJ,aYTCKHH P-H A6xa3cKoH ACCP
fPY3CCP). MOrHJIbHHK pacnOJIO)KeH Ha oKpaHHe CeJIeHHH
KYJIaHypxBa, 6JIli3 r. fY,lJ,aYTa. 113 12 HCCJIe,lJ,OBaHHblX
rPYHToBblX norpe6eHHH TPH cO,lJ,ep)KaJIH cKH4>cKoro THna
CTpeJIbI, Tonopbl H aKHHaKH (norpe6eHHH NQ 4, 5, 10). 004-
TH BCe CTpeJIbI CKH4>cKOro THna (3a HCKJII04eHHeM O,lJ,HOH)
6bIJIH COCpe,lJ,OT04eHbI B nOrpe6eHHH NQ 5, r,lJ,e HaH,lJ,eHO
14 6pOH30BblX H nHTb )KeJIe3H blX HaKOHe4HHKOB (O,lJ,HH H
HHX JIe)!{aJI OT,lJ,eJIbHO H oCTpneM npHKaCaJICH K 6e,lJ,peHHOH
KOCTH CKeJIeTa). B TOM )l(e nOrpe6eHHH HaH,lJ,eHbI ,lJ,Ba )!{e-
JIe3HbIX Tonopa. MOrHJIa NQ 4 cO,lJ,ep)/{aJIa KOHCKoe norpe-
6eHHe. JIoWa,lJ,b 6bIJIa B3HY3 1.aHa, BO PTY ee nOMeru.aJIHCb
6poH30Bble Y,lJ,HJIa co cTpeMe4KOBH,lJ,HblMH OKOH4aHHHMH H
)KeJIe3HbIe TpeX,lJ,blp4aTble nCaJIHH. B OCHOBHOM )/{e HHBeH-
Tapb KYJIaHYPxBHHcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa xapaKTepeH ,lJ,JIH KOJI-
XH,lJ,CKOH KYJIbTYpW. KOCTHKH cOXpaHHJIHCb nJIOxo, HO TaM,
r,lJ,e Y,lJ,aJIOCb npOCJIe,lJ,HTb HX nOJIO)/{eHHe, OHH JIe){(aJIH BbI-
THHYTO Ha cnHHe, rOJIOBOH Ha ceBepO-3anaA. HJIIi Ha IOro-
3ana,lJ,. MOrHJIbI CO CKH4>CKHM HHBeHTapeM OTHeceIlbl
M. M. TpanweM K KOHU.Y VII-VI BB. ,lJ,0 H. 3. [Tpanw,
1962, c. 781.
69. KO/lxwJa (farpcKHH P-H A6xa3CKoH ACCP
fPY3CCP). B CeJIeHHH KOJIXH:Ia OKOJIO 3,lJ,aHHH WKOJIbl 6b1JI
CJIY4aHHo 06Hapy)/{eH )KeJIe3Hblii aKHHaK B 6pOH30BbiX HO)/{-
Hax [Tpanw, 1954; Tpanw, 1970, c. 191-197].
70. ryoayra (A6xa3cKaH /\CCP fpY3CCP). Ha 3ana,lJ,-
HOH oKpaHHe r. fY,lJ,aYTa 61.,1:10 CJIY4aHHo pa3pyweHO no-
rpe6eHHe, B HHBeHTape KOToporo HapH,lJ,Y C THnH4HblMH ,lJ,JIH
KOJIXH,lJ,CKOH KYJIbTypbl Beru.aM H HaXO,lJ,HJIHCb )!{eJIe3Hble TO-
nopbI [Tpanm, 1970, c. 189-193].
71. CyxYMcKafl copa (A6xa3cKaH ACCP). B paHoHe
r. QYXYMH BO BpeMH 3eM.'l5lIlbIX pa60T HaH,lJ,eHO 3Ha4HTeJIb-
HOe HCJIO }KeJIe3HbIX TOfJOpC)[J, ,Ke:le3Hbli'1 aKHHaK H 4epHO-
JIaKOBble COCY,lJ,bl, no KOTrJpbl\! KO'.ln.1eKC H ,lJ,aTHpOI3aH V-.
IV BB. ,lJ,0 H. 3. {Tpanw, 1951; Ka:laHJI,a,lJ,3e, 1954].
36
72. MepxeYAu (fYJIbpHtiillcKHA p-H A6xa3cKoH ACCP
, '3CCP), MOrIWbHIIK paCIIOJIO){(eH Y CeJIeHHH MepxeYJIH,
rp) eBOM 6epery p. Ma4apa. KOCTH norpe6eHHbIX nepeMe-
aa:bI II HOCHT CJIe,lJ,bl 4aCTH4HOH KpeM au.HH. 04eBH,lJ,HO,
eCTBJIHJICH 06PH.:I BTopH4Horo 3axopOHeHHH. B liHBeH-
OCY MOrlIJIbHHKa _ ,lJ,Ba )/{eJIe3HblX aKHHaKa H TPH )!{e-:e3-
:1x Tonopi. OCTaJIbHOH HHBeHTapb - THnH4HO MeCTHbIH H
,lJ,aTHPyeTcH VI, MO)/{eT 6b1Tb, Ha4aJIOM V B. ,lJ,0 H. 3. [5a-
P aMH,lJ,3e M. B., 19771. u . U P
73. 3mepa (CYXYMCKHII P-H A6xa3cKoH ACC
f 3CCP). B r. 3wepa CJIY4aHHo 06Hapy)!{eHa MOrliJIa, co-
,lJ, )/{aBWaH OCTaTKH Tpex KOHeH C Y3AOH Ii OAHH 4eJIOBe4e-
CKHH CKeJIeT. HecKo.TJbKO B cTopoHe nOMeIll.aJICH eIll.e OAHH
CKeJIeT 4eJIOBeKa. no MHeHHIO AOCJIeAOBaBwero norpe6eHliC
f. WaM6a, OAHH CKe.'1eT npHHa,lJ,JIe)/{aJI KOHIOXy, BMeCTe C
JIOWaAbMH COnpOBO)/{.:IaBweMY OCHOBHoe orpe6eHlie. B HH-
BeHTape nOM HMO THnH4HO MeCTHblX BeIll.eH npHCYTCTBOBaJIa
nOABeCKa H3 Ka6aHbero KJIbIKa, yKpaweHHaH peJIbe4>HbIM
H306pa)/{eHHeM rOJIOBbl )/{HBOTHOro C AJIHHHbIMH ywaM Ii II
OTKpblTOH naCTblO, HanOMHHalOIlI.aSl HeKOTopble aBpOMaT-
CKHe H306pa)/{eHHH. B nOH )/{e MOrlIJIe 6bIJIa HaHAeHa na-
Ha4>HHeHCKaH aM4>opa, norpe6eHHe AaTHpoBaHo VI B.
AO H. 3. .[WaM6a, 1980, c. 47-4 ]. .
74 HUcB3UWLU (JlaH4xYTcKHH P-H fpY3CCP). Y ceJIe-
HHH HHrB3HaHH 06HapY)I(eH MOrHJIbHHK, B KOTOpOM 3a4>HK-
cHpoBaHo 12' KOJIJIeKTHBHbIX norpe6eHHH. nOAXopoHeHHH B
OAHY H TY )/{e MOrH.1Y npoH3BOAHJIHCb HeoAHoKpaTHo, -no-
3TOMY MaTepHaJI 'CH.1bIl0 nepeMewaH. B MOrHJIe NQ 1 06-
Hapy)/{eHbI ABa CKH4>CKHX aKHHaKa H OAHH 6pOH30BWH Ha-
KOHe4HHK CTpeJIbI CKII4>cKoro THna. KaK 3aKaBKa3CKlie, TaK
H CKH4>cKHe MaTepHa.1bl JIaTHpYIOT' norpe6eHHe VII-VI BB.
AO H. 3. [MHKeJIa,lJ,3e, 5apaMHA3e, 1977, c. 33-39].
.LJ.aHHbie 0 pacnpe.1eJleHHH 3JIeMeHTOB CKI14>CKOi'I KYJIbTY-
pbl B paccMoTpeHHblx lIaMHTHHKax CYMMHpoBaHbI B Ta6JIHu.e
(cM. npHJIO)/{eHlle). ECTeCTBeHHo, Ka)/{JI,bIH ro;!. npHHOCHT
HOBbie H<IXO,ll.KH, H nCJTOMY npHBe,ll.eHHaH CBO,ll.Ka He MO)/{eT
6blTb nOJIHOH. TeM He MeHee Mbl pacnOJIaraeM HaCTOJIbKO
60JIbWHM MaTepl1aJ)O I, 4TO BPH,lI. JIH HOBbie OTKpbITHH CMO-
rYT cyru.eCTBeHHO H3\!l'HHTb BbIpHCOBbIBaloru.YIOCH B HaCTOH-
ru.ee BpeMH KapTIiHY. TaK, c06paHHble MaTepHaJIbl y)/{e npH
nepBOM 3HaKOMCTBe C HHMH ,lI.OCTaT04HO y6eJIHTeJIbHO CBH:
,lI.eTeJIbCTBYIOT, C OilHoi"1 CTOpOHbI, 4TO 3JIeMeHTbI CKH4>CKOIi.
KYJIbTYPbl BCTpe4afOTOI npaKTH4eCKH no BceMY u 3aKaB'
Ka3blO, B pa3HbiX Ky.lbTypHbIX perHOHaX, C JIPyroll - 4TO
37
HX KOHueHTpau.HH, XpOHOJIOrHH H YCJIOBHH nOna.n:aHIUI B
KOM nJleKC B pa3J1l1qH bIX pa 110HaX HeO.n:I1Ha KOBbi.
B BOCTOtIHOM 3aKaBKa3be - Ha TeppHTOpl1H COBpeMeH-
HbiX A3ep6aH.n:)KaHa, BOCTOqHblX paHOHOB rpY31111 II CeBep-
HOH ApMeHl111 - B naMHTHHKax VII-VI BB. .n:o H. 3. BCTpe-
qalOTCH no npeHMyU(eCTBY e.n:HHHtlHble CTpeJIbI CKl1cpCKoro
Tl1na (CM., Hanpl1Mep, Nt] 1, 2, 5, 6 11 .n:p.) 2. TaM, r.n:e Ta-
KHX CTpeJl HaH.n:eHo 60JIbWe, HX 06b1'1HO CBH3bIBalOT C pa3-
PyweHHeM cooTBeTcTBYIOU(HX naMHTHI1KOB 11 paCCMaTpl1-
BalOT KaK opY)Kl1e, KOTOpblM B OCHOBHOM H no npeHMYw.e-
CTBY nOJIb30BaJll1Cb Bparl1, 3aXBaTI1BWl1e 3TI1 nOCeJleHHH 11
CB51TI1JII1w.a (Nt] 15, 16, 20 11 .n:p.). 3.n:ecb )Ke 06HapY)KeHbI
norpe6eHI1H JIIO.n:eH, y611TbIX CKHcpCKI1M 0pY)Kl1eM. K 3TO-
MY MO)KHO .n:06aBHTb, '1TO 11 Ha AnwepOHCKOM nOJlYOCTpo-
Be B VII-VI BB. .n:o H. 3. npeKpaw.aeT cyw.eCTBOBaHl1e
pH.n: naMHTHI1KOB, XOTH YKa3aHHH Ha TO, '1TO I1MeHHO no-
CJlY)KI1J10 3TOMY npH'IHHOH, HeT[AcJIaHOB, 1980, c. 80].
BMecTe C TeM I1HTeHCHBHoro npOHI1KI10BfHI1H 3J1eMeHTOB
CKI1CPCKOH KYJIbTYPbl BO Bce 3TH paHOHbI He npOCJle)KI1BaeT-
CH. OOJIO)KeHHe H3MeHHeTCH n03)Ke - B KOHu.e VI-IV BB.
.n:o H. 3., Kor.n:a 3.n:eCb nOHBJIHIOTCH norpe6aJIbHbie naMHT-
HI1KI1, B KOTOpblX 3Ha'lI1TeJIbHaH KOHu.eHTpau.I1H Bew.eH
CKl1cpCKHX Tl1nOB CO'leTaeTCH C 06pH.n:OM 3axopOHeHHH, OT-
JlI1QalOw.I1MCH OT MeCTHoro, 3aKaBKa3CKoro (MI1HreQaypCKl1e
BblTHHYTbIe norpe6eHHH H HeCKOJIbKO 3aXOpOHeHI1H B Kaxe-
TI1I1)IAJIHeB, 1979; MaMaI1WBI1JIH, 1980]. Ho B VII-
VI BB. .n:o H. 3. no.n:06Horo po.n:a naMHTHI1KOB Ha 3TOH Tep-
pl1TOpl111 ew.e He 6bIJIO. TaKI1M 06pa30M, eCTb OCHOBaHI1H
I1HTepnpeTl1pOBaTb 3TI1 n03.n:Hl1e naMHTHI1KI1 KaK OTpa)!{e-
Hl1e npOHI1RHOBeHI1H B BOCTO'lH03aKaBKa3cKYIO cpe y c06-
CTBeHHO CKl1cpOB.
HeCKOJIbKO nO-I1HOMY pacnpeJI.eJlHeTCH MaTepHaJl B
ypapTcKl1x naMHTHI1KaX IO)KHoro 3aKaBKa3bH. }'-InOpI1H
B3al1MOOTHOWeHI1H ypapTcKoro HaCeJleHI1H 3aKaBKa3bH CO
cKHcpaMI1 Tw.aTeJlbHO 113YQeifa E. E. 0I10TpOBCKHM, nOKa-
3aBWI1M, 4TO pa3pyweijl11O ypapTcKHx U.eHTpOB n,I1cpaMI1
npeJI.WeCTBOBaJI nepl1oJI. MHpHblX 11 JI.OCTaTO'lHO TeClIbJX CKI1-
cpo-ypapTcKl1x KOHTaKToB, '1TO HaWJlO OTpa)KCHHe B MaTe-
pHaJlbHOH KYJlbType TeHWe6al1HI1 11 nOJI.06HbIX eMV IJaMHT-
HHKOB (M 27, 28, 39) [0I10TpOBCKHH, 1944; OHOT"pU[3CKI1H,
1959a; OI1OTpOBCKI1H, 1978 11 JI.p.].
HaKoHeu., TpeTblO MOJI.eJIb CKHqJ'9-3aKaBKa3cKHx Me)K-
KYJlbTypHbI X OTHoweH I1H MO)KHO n p CJleJI.HTb no n a:-'I 51TH 11-
z 3.lleCb H .llaJlee B cK06Ka-x .llaeTc51 CCblnKa lIa 1I0Mep COOTBCTCTBVIO-
IOlLlero naM51TIIIIKa no npHBe.llellHOii B ITpH.10)KCIIHH CBO.lJ.Ke. .
38
Ue HT p aJ1bHOH H 3ana.n:HOH rpY3HI1 (BKJIIOQaH A6xa-
RaM M 6 . TT
H lOro.OceTIlIO)r- OT u.xeTbl JI.O no epe>hbH "'tepHo-
31i1O fh"
o MOpH. 3JI.eCb KOHu. e HTp a u. I1 H CKI1'!'CKHX Bew.el1 B KOMn-
eKcax VII-VI BB. JI.O H. 3. oc06eHHo 3HaQHTeJlblla. I1M H-
O TYT HaHJI.eHo HaH60JIbWee KOJII1'1eCTBO aKI1HaKOB, TonO"-:'
OB y.n:l1J1 CKl1cpCKI1X Tl1nOB, a TaK)Ke 06HapY)KeHbI 06pa3-
bI 'CKH<pCKoro 3Bepl1HOrO CTHJIH, Bo06w.e B 3aKaBKa3be
onaTOQHO peJI.K11 e. PacKonaHHble 3JI.eCb KOHCKHe 3axopo-
eHHH - 'lepTa, He I1MelOw.aH B npOTI1r:onO.TIO)!{HOCTb Bo-
CTO'lHOMY 3aKaBKa3blO MeCTHblX KopHell, - KaK npaBI1JIO,
OTHOCHTCH K norpe6eHHHM C I1HBeHTapeM CKI1<pCKoro 06J1H-
Ka 11 MorYT paCCMaTpHBaTbCH KaK 3J1eMeHT 06PHJI.HOCTH,
3al1MCTBOBal1HblH 113 CKl1cpCKOH KYJIbTYPbl. B TO )Ke BpeMH
B naMHTHI1KaX 3Toro perl10Ha HeT HaXO,J,OK, KOTopbIe MO)K-
HO 6bIJIO 6bI I1CTOJlKOBaTb KaK npl1Mep I1CnOJlb30Bal1HH
CKHcpCKoro OPY)KI1H BparaMl1, pa3pYWI1BWI1MI1 MeCTHbie no-
ceJIeHI1H 3; He BblHBJIHIOTCH 11 CaMI1 c.'leJ,bI TaKoro pa3py-
weHI1H. OocJIe VI B. KOJIH'IeCTBO CKl1cpCKI1X 3J1eMeHTOB B
MaTepl1aJIbHOH KYJIbType 3Toro paHoHa pe3Ko COKpaw.aeTcH.
Ba)KHO OTMeTI1Tb, '1TO BO Bcex nepeQI1CJleHHblX naMHT-
HI1KaX 3aKaBKa3bH CKl1cpCKHe BeU(H BKpanJIeHbl B M.eCTHYlO
KYJIbTYPHYIO cpeJI.Y. 4HCTO CKl1cpCKl1e KOMnJleKCbI 3JI.eCb
OTCYTCTBYIOT. B TO )Ke BpeMH HeJIb3H He 06paTI1Tb BHI1Ma-
Hl1e Ha TO, '1TO B MOrHJIbHI1KaX UeHTpaJlbHOH H 3anaJI.HOH
fpY311H - TaKI1X, KaK CaMTaBpCKHH, llBaHcKIIH, TJIHH-
CKI1H, KYJIaHYPXBI1HCKI1H, - CKl1cpCKl1e BeU(l1, KaK npaBI1JIO,
KOHu.eHTpl1pYIOTCH B HeCKOJIbKI1X MOrl1J1aX, r e OIlH CO'leTa-
IOTCH JI.pyr C JI.pyrOM.
Hal160Jlee nOJIHO CKHcpCKl1e Bew.H npe CTaBJleHbl B
apeaJIe KOJlXI1JI.CKOH 11 K06aHCKOH apxeoJlOrl1QeCKI1X kYJlb-
TYP 3aKaBKa3bH; K TOMY )Ke BHe OCHOBHoro a peaJla 3TI1X
KYJIbTYP XapaKTepHble JI.JIH HI1X 3J1eMe1lTbI OTMC4eHbi KaK
pa3 Ha Teppl1TOpHI1 paHOHa OC060H KOHueHTpaUIIH naMHT-
HI1KOB CKl1cpCKoro 06J1HKa.
o pe)K e '1eM npeJI.JIO)KI1Tb I1CTOp HQeCKOe I1CTO.'1KOBaHl1e
pa3J111'1I1H Me)KJI.Y TpeMH oxapaKTepH30BaHllbIMH 30HaMI1
pacnpOCTpaIleHI1H Bew.eH CKH<PCKHX TIfTIO[3 B :1aKaBKa3be,
He06xoJI.I1MO npOBeCTH 60Jlee Tw.a TeJlbHblii a H aJll13 Bcex
3TI1X Bew.eH, YTO'lHI1Tb I1X XpOHOJlOrHIO II Ky.'1IoTypHYIO npH-
HaJI.Jle)KHOCTb, O'iepTI1Tb apeaJI Hal160Jlee 6.1JI3KIIX aHaJIO'
mHI1M Ha I1HbIX TeppI1TOpl1.HX.
3 KaK OTMe'laJlOCb, nOJlO)KeIiHe CTpeJlbl 113 Ky.'1311\'PXn!IIICKoro MO-
rHJlbllHKa n03BOJl51eT npe.llnOJlaraTb, '1TO olla 33CTp51.13 [J \1 KOTH 1101'11
norpe6elllloro. Ho B :noii )Ke MOrHJle Mlloro CKHCPCKII\ npc.l II B COCTI!'
Be norpe6aJlbliOrO HHBeIjTap51,
.-
,.
F.lJaBa II
MEtI" H KHH)I(AJlbI
Cpe.lI.H HaH.lI.eHHblX B 3aKaBKa3be npe.lI.Me,ToB CKHcpCKOH Ma-
TepHaJIbHOH KYJIbTypbl 3HaQHTeJIbHYIO rpyrrrry COCTaBJI5I1O
aKHHaKH, B rro.lI.aBJI5IIOw:eM 60JIbIllHHCTBe JKeJle3HbIe.
K HacT05lw:eMY BpeMeHH HX H3BeCTHO 60Jlee 20, rrpH-
1JeM 60JlbrllHHCTBO rrpOHcXO.lI.HT H3 KOMrrJleKCOB. TaK, Me1J H
.lI.Ba KHHJKaJIa 6blJIH 06HapYJKeHbI B KJla.lI.OBbIX u,BT3,fJ,eJlli
TeHIlle63HHH (N 39) Hap5l.lI.Y C THrrH1JHO yp3PTCKHM opy-
JKHeM [OHOTpOBCKHH, 19596, c. 175, pHC. 6, I]. 00 co06-
rn:eHHIO A. A. M3pTHpOC5IHa [1974, c. 172), 3KHH3K 6b1JI
H3H.lI.eH B rrOMew:eHHH N 5 3arra.lI.HoH KperrOCTH AprHIllTH-
XHHHJlH (N 27). Ho nOT aKHHaK (BH.lI.HMO, H3-3a IIJlOXOH
coxpaHHOCTH) OTCYTCTByeT B MaTepHaJIaX AprHWTHXHHHJIH
H He 6bIJI orry6JIHKOBaH. -
CKHcpCKHH Me1J 6bIJI HaH.lI.eH B ceJIe feXO./3HT (N 38) B
pa3pYIlleHHoM rrorpe6eHHH He.lI.aJIeKO OT ypapTcKoH Kpe-
nOCTH. 3.lI.eCb JKe 06HapYJKeH 60raTblH KOMnJleKC ypapT- j
CKHX H3.l1.eJlHH I.
B .lI.BYX H3 14 pacKorraHHblx rrorpe6eHHH .LJ.BaHcKoro MO-
rHJlbHHKa ( 59; rrorpe6eHH5I N 2 H 11) B KOMnneKce C
.lI.pyrHMH npe.lI.MeTaMH CKH<t>cKoro BoopYJKeHH5I (3 B rrorpe-
6eHHH 11 - H C KOHCKHM 3axopoHeHHeM) C0.1epiK3J10Cb
no KHHJKaJlY CKHcpcKoro THrra.
AKHHaKH BCTpe1JeHbI B HHBeHTape 1JeTblpex MorBil CaM-
TaBpcKoro MOrHJlbHHKa (N 55). 3.lI.eCb OHH C01JeTa.'1BCb C
npe.lI.MeTaMH KaK CKHcpcKoro, TaK H ypapTcKoro BoopYJKe-
HH5I (rrorpe6eHH5I 50, 295, 27, 212).
XOpOIllO npe.lI.CTaBJIeHbI aKHHaKH H B HHBeHTape TJlHH-
CKoro MOrHJlbHHKa (N 60), r.lI.e OHH CO.l1.epiKa.llIcb B rro-
rpe6eHH5Ix N 85 (6HMeTaJIJIH1JeCKBH), 68, 93, 128, 164, 139,
I6, 106, 129, 298, 94, 129 [TexoB, 1980a, c. 57-59].
I HeO.l1.HO KpaTHo OTMe1JaJlaCb oc06a51 KOHueHTp a u.H5I
I r1orpe6eHne ;J.OCJle.llOBaHO A. nHJlnnOC51HOM H JJ '\alJ3 rp, 51I1QNI
MaTepUaJlbl nO;J.rOTOBJl51IOTC51 neqaTl!,
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Ta6J1. I. Me4H H KHII>KaJIbI: 1, 2 - KapMHp-6J1YP; 3 - rC.\OIJHT; 4, 5':"':
5PHJlH (110 f. <1>. f06e.ll>KHWBHJIH); 6, 7, 9, 10. /8-25 - T.lI!; 8-
KOJlXH,iJ.a; J1-CyxYMcKa51 ropa; /2-MycHepH (1)--12. /8.-25-
110 M. C. r1upLlXaJlaBa); 14-/7 - CaMTaBpo; 26 - CT'cnaHal«('pT. ./Ke.
JIe30
F.lJaBa II
MEtI H H KHH)I(AJlbI
Cpe.lI.H HaH.lI.eHHblX B 3aKaBKa3be npe.lI.Me,ToB CKHcpCKOH Ma-
TepHaJIbHOH KYJIbTypbl 3HaQHTeJIbHYIO rpyrrrry COCTaBJI5I1O
aKHHaKH, B rro.lI.aBJI5IIOw:eM 60JIbIllHHCTBe JKeJle3HbIe.
K HacT05lw:eMY BpeMeHH HX H3BeCTHO 60Jlee 20, rrpH-
1JeM 60JlbWHHCTBO rrpOHcXO.lI.HT H3 KOMrrJleKCOB. TaK, Me1J H
.lI.Ba KHHJKaJIa 6blJIH 06HapYJKeHbI B KJla.lI.OBbIX u,BT3,fJ,eJlli
TeHIlle63HHH (N 39) Hap5l.lI.Y C THrrH1JHO yp3PTCKHM opy-
JKHeM [OHOTpOBCKHH, 19596, c. 175, pHC. 6, I]. 00 co06-
rn:eHHIO A. A. M3pTHpOC5IHa [1974, c. 172), 3KHH3K 6b1JI
H3H.lI.eH B rrOMew:eHHH N 5 3arra.lI.HoH KperrOCTH AprHIllTH-
XHHHJlH (N 27). Ho nOT aKHHaK (BH.lI.HMO, H3-3a IIJlOXOH
coxpaHHOCTH) OTCYTCTByeT B MaTepHaJIaX AprHWTHXHHHJIH
H He 6bIJI orry6JIHKOBaH. - :
CKHcpCKHH Me1J 6bIJI HaH.lI.eH B ceJIe feXO./3HT (N 38) B
pa3pYIlleHHoM rrorpe6eHHH He.lI.aJIeKO OT ypapTcKoH Kpe-
nOCTH. 3.lI.eCb JKe 06HapYJKeH 60raTblH KOMnJleKC ypapT-
CKHX H3.l1.eJlHH I.
B .lI.BYX H3 14 pacKorraHHblx rrorpe6eHHH .LJ.BaHcKoro MO-
rHJlbHHKa ( 59; rrorpe6eHH5I N 2 H 11) B KOMnneKce C
.lI.pyrHMH npe.lI.MeTaMH CKH<t>cKoro BoopYJKeHH5I (3 B rrorpe-
6eHHH 11 - H C KOHCKHM 3axopoHeHHeM) C0.1epiK3J10Cb
no KHHJKaJlY CKHcpcKoro THrra.
AKHHaKH BCTpe1JeHbI B HHBeHTape 1JeTblpex MorBil CaM-
TaBpcKoro MOrHJlbHHKa (N 55). 3.lI.eCb OHH C01JeTa.'1BCb C
npe.lI.MeTaMH KaK CKHcpcKoro, TaK H ypapTcKoro BoopYJKe-
HH5I (rrorpe6eHH5I 50, 295, 27, 212).
XOpOIllO npe.lI.CTaBJIeHbI aKHHaKH H B HHBeHTape TJlHH-
CKoro MOrHJlbHHKa (N 60), r.lI.e OHH CO.l1.epiKa.lIICb B rro-
rpe6eHH5Ix N 85 (6HMeTaJIJIH1JeCKBH), 68, 93, 128, 164, 139,
I6, 106, 129, 298, 94, 129 [TexoB, 1980a, c. 57-59].
I HeO.l1.HO KpaTHo OTMe1JaJlaCb oc06a51 KOHueHTp a u.H5I
I r1orpe6eHne ;J.OCJle.llOBaHO A. nHJlnnOC51HOM JJ '\alJ3 rp, 51I1QNI
MaTepUaJlbl nO;J.rOTOBJl51IOTC51 neqaTH,
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Ta6J1. I. Me4H H KHII>KaJIbI: 1, 2 - KapMHp-6J1YP; 3 - rC.\OIJHT; 4, 5
5PHJlH (110 f. <1>. f06e.ll>KHWBHJIH); 6, 7, 9, 10. /8-25 - T.lI!; 8-
KOJlXH,iJ.a; J1-CyxYMcKa51 ropa; /2-MycHepH (1)--12. /8.-25-
110 M. C. r1upLlXaJlaBa); 14-/7 - CaMTaBpo; 26 - CT'cnaHal(rpT. ./Ke.
JIe30
t<HHmaJlaX EpHJlbCKOrO MOrHJlbHHKa 3, OTJlHQalOInHXCH llIlt-
pOKHM H CpaBHHTeJlbHO TOHKHM HaBepUIHeM (Ta6J1. I, 4). .
3HallHTeJlbHO lIarn.e 3aKaBKa3CKHe aKHHaKH HMelOT rre-
'peKpeCTH5I, rrpeJJ.cTaBJl5IlOInHe BapHaHTbI TaK Ha3b1BaeMO
6a60 ' IKoBHJJ.HOM <POpMbI. Oc06eHHo lIeTKO OHa rrpeJJ.CTaBJle-
Ha . Ha .JJ.JlHHHblX 3K3eMnJl5lpaX H3 CaMTaBpCKorO'MorKJlbHH_
1<: a , pa3Mepbl K6T6pbI - 33 , 43 (npH 6TCYT Bl!H HaBep-
. llIH5I) , 37 H 47 CM - rr03BOJIHIOT iIoM:elllaTb HX MemJJ.Y KO-
pOTKHMH Mell?MH H JJ.JIHHHblMH KHHJi<a.MiMli. ..
no <Pop Me Bce OHH 6J1H3KH .LI.Pyr JJ.pyry: HMelOT 6pYCKO
BH,'tHoe HaBepllIHe (B aKHHaKe H3 rrorpe6efiHscN2 50 OHO He
cOXpaHHJ10Cb), rrepeKpeCTHe C OCTpi:.IM:' BblCTYIIOM B ueHT-
:paJlbHOM BepxHeM... lIaCTH H co_ CJIerKa 'H'3GrHYTblMH
«Kpbl.'Ib5lMH». AKHHaKH H3 MofHJI N2 212 Ii 27 HMelOT TaK-
me TpoMHoe Be Trt a bHoe JIeHeHHe CTB JIa. PYK05lTH.
KJlHIlKH Y3KHe, JJ.JlHHHble, IIJlOCKHe"B CeQeHHH H rrJIaBHO cY-
malOrn.HeCH K OCTpHIO(Ta6JI. I; 14-J7).
OlleHb 6J1H30K K HHM no '<popMe m peKpecTHH KHHmaJl
H3 !=HrHaxcKoro KpaeBeJiiJecKorq M)'3e5l, CJIy<taMHo HaMJl.eH-
HbIH B CeJIeHHHMarapo (Ta6.1i. I, 13). HaBepuIHe ero He
'coxpa HHJlOCb. no pa'3Mepy CHrHaXCKHH KHHmaJl OJJ.HaKO
3Ha o llHTeJlbHO YCTyrraeT caMTaBpCKHM . (JJ.JlHHa . 6xpaHHB:
llIenCH lIaCTH - l'9 CM, JJ.JIHH3 JIHHKa - 16 CM).
liaH60Jlce 6J1H3KHe aH3J10rHH3ToA rpyrrrre 3aKa Kaj-
'CKHX KHHmaJlOB - yme yrroMHHaBllIHHcH BblllIe KHHmaJl H3
LIHcnporreTpoBcKoro MY3eH H PYKoHTKa H3 KoJiJIeKUHH fHM
[Ill KVPKO, 1962, pHC. 1 H 3). ".
. AKHHaKH if3 !JIHHCKOro MOrHJIbHHKa (Ta6.1i. I,' 6, 7, 9,
10, /8-25)oTJI lIaIOTCH 60JIee oKpyrJIblMI:!,. Metiee pe3KH-
MH 00llepTaHHHMH rrepeKpeCTHH TO" me <POpMbl; rrpH6J1Hma-
101UE'HCH K 6a601lKOBH.1J.HOM (B HeKOTopblX CJlYllaHX lIeTKO
OnpE',TleJIHTb <POp MY rrepeKpecTHH He ilpe.1J.CTaBJlHeTCH 1303-
MOtKHbIM) H HeCKOJlbKO 60Jlee MaCCHBHblMH HaBepllIHHMH.
LImlHa HX B Cpe.1J.HeM OKOJlO 40 CM. "KHHmaJJ H3 rrorpe6e-
Hml N9 164 HMeeT rro.1J. HaBepllIHeM oTBepcTHe, a CTBOJI ero
PYKOHTKH - TpoMHoe BepTHKaJIbHOe "JleHeHHe. IloJl.o6Hoe
IKE' lIJleHeIlHe ec:rb Ha PYK05lTH KHHmaJla H3 MOrHJlbl N9 128
H !f3 6pOH30BOM PYKOHTH 6HMeTaJlJlHlIeCKOro KHHmaJla H3
MorH.lbI N9 85 (Ta6.'1. I, 9. 6, 7). f1oCJle.1J.HHH OT.'1HlI3eTrH
60.1ee ,;eTKHM. yrJIOB3TblM KOHTypOM rrepeKpecTHH.
T.'1HHCKHe KHHmaJlb! lio <popMe rrepeKpecTHH, KJlHHK3 H
rOO THolIIeH HIO ,rUTHH!>1 KJlHHKa H PYKOHTH HaH60.'1ee 6J1H3KH
r., 3::rn03!!'n rr '.1y3E'H KatjJeJ\ph! apXeOJlOrHH T6HJlHCCKOro rOCV.1Jp-
('Tp.0J1110rO YIlHBepCHTeT3. ABTOpbl npHIIOC51T 6J1arO.llapllOCTb O. M. JIiKa.
n;:p";l3e, 0311aKOMHBllJeMy HX C 9THMH MaTepH3J1aMH.
44
}/(aJlaM H3 MHHepaJlOBoJJ.cKoro MOrHJIbHHK3 [EropoB,
55 pHC. 1,20; BHHorpaJJ.oB, 1972, pHC. 13, /, 3).
KHH}/(aJl H3 rrorpe6eHHH N2 2 lIBaHcKoro MOrHJlbHHKa
MaKaJlaTHH, 1949, pHC. 4, 11 <POp MOM rrepeKpeCTH5I Harro:
r eT TJl HMCKHe HO HMeeT 3HallHTeJlbHO 60Jlee KOpOTKHH
MHHa' 0
TpeyrOJIbHblM KJI HHOK, COCTaBJI5IlOlllHH rrpHMepHo rrOJIO-
rro.J. Bce M JJ. JlHHbl KHHmaJla. BTOpOM aKHHaK lIBaHcKoro
BHHY 0
rHJlbH HKa (rrorpe6eHHe N2 11) rrJlOXOH coxpaHHocTH, HO,
-BHJJ.HMOMY, TOM me <pOPMbI. lIJIHHa 060HX - OKOJlO
30 cM.
nOJJ.06HOe }/(e COOTHOllIeHHe JJ.JIHHbI KJlHHKa H PYKOHTH
m1eIOT 6pHJlbCKHe aKHHaKH (Ta6J1. I, 4), cpe,'],H KOTOpblX
eCTb H 3K3eMrrJIHpbl C 6a601lKoBHJJ.HblM rrepeKpecTHeM [fo-
6e;J.}/(HllIBHJlH, 1952, Ta6JI. XLIV, XLV]. KaK y}/(e OTMella-
JlOCb, OT JlHlIHTeJlbHYIO oc06eHHocTb 6pHJlbCKHX K HHmaJlOB
COCTaBJl5IIOT YJJ.JlHHeHHble HaBepllIHH. TaKHe HaBepllIHH y
THrrHlIHO CKH<pCKHX 3K3eMrrJIHpOB OTCYTCTBYIOT, HO H3BCCT-
Hbl Ha CeBepHoM KaBKa3e [BHHorpaJJ.oB, 1972, pHC. 32, 1,
c. 102, rrpHMeli. l].
y aKHHaKa H3 MepxeYJIbCKOrO MOrHJIbHHKa [Eapa-
MH.'l.3e M. B., 1977, Ta6J1. VHI, 8] 6bIJlH, nO-BHilHMOMY
(coxpaHHocTb rrJIOXaH), rrepeKpeCTHe, TaKme rrpH6J1H}/(a -
rn.eeCH K 6a601lKoBHJJ.HOM <POp Me, H KOpOTKHM, UlHpOK ,
rrpHMOM KJlHHOK, rro JJ.JIHHe JIHllIb HeMHoro rrpeBOCXO;1.Hrn.H H
PYK05lTb (06rn.aH JJ.JIHHa 35 CM), H llIHpOKHM CTBOJI PYKOH-
TH (CM. TaKme Ta6JI. I, 5). Te me oc06eHHocTH Y 3KHHaKa
. H3 MOrHJIbHHKa fyaJJ.Hxy (CTapllIero). nepeKpeCTUe 3Toro
rrOCJle.1J.HerO M. M. TparrllI [1969, c. 60-61) orrpeJJ.eJlHJI
KaK cepJJ.ueBH.1J.HOe, HO COCTOHHHe KHHmaJl'a BPH;I .'IH n03BO-
JIHeT !l.aTb 6eccrropHoe orrpeJJ.eJIeHHe <pOpMbI.
Mell H3 feXOBHTa (Ta6JI. I, 3) TaK>Ke HMeeT cpaBHH-
TeJlbHO llIHpoKoe HaBepllIHe H 6a60llKoBHJJ.Hoe nepeKpecTHe
C cOBepllIeHHo rrpHMoM BepxHeM CTOpOHOM, HeCKO.'1bKOHa-
nOMHHaIOlllee rrepeKpecTHe KeJlepMeccl<oro Mell3. .[[0 6e3
Cpe.1J.HHHOrO BblcTyrra.. BBepxy. Coxpa HHJlaCb JlHlllh 'Bepx-
HH5i lIaCTb KJI.HHK.a. TaRoe )Ke cTpoeHHe rrepeKpecTH51 y aKH-
HaKa . H3 rrorpe6efIHH N!!- 128 T.TJHMCKOro Morl1.1bHHKa
(Ta 6./1 , 1, 6), . .
HaKoHeu, rrepeKpeCTHe TOM me <pOPMbl, npno.1H>KaIO-
rn.eilcH K 6a6oYKOBHJJ.HOM, HMe.eT H KHH>KaJl, cJIYlJallf[O HaM-
J.eHHblH:.y CeJleHHH KOJlXHLl.a B A6xa3HH (Ta6J1. I, R). KHH-
fKa.Ti 6bIJl.3aK,TJ!OlIeH B 6.pOH30Bble HOIKHbI. H3BepllllJC OTJlO-
MaHO. lIJlHHa coxpaHHBllIeMC5I lIaCTH - 31 CM. Hlltl{lIbl 60-
ra TQ. Ii pa3Hoo6pa3Ho YKpa llIeHbI Bl!TbIM- IIlHypO\1. peJIbe<p-
HblM 01lKo06p33HblM opHaMeHToM H rrpope3HblMH 1 peyro.'Ib-
45
HHK3MH. 00 lI.ellTpy HO)KeH H.'J.eT BbIIIYKJIa51 rrOJIOCa, 3aKaH-
'-IHB31Oill.351C5I rroJJ. rrepeKpeCTHeM rOJlOBKOH 3MeH. C60KY
npHKperrJleH3 nJl3CTHH3 WllpHHOIi 2 CM H JJ.JlHHOH 10 CM, 06-
p3MJIeHH351 peJlbe<plio HCnOJ1HeHHbIM BHTblM UIHypOM H 33-
nOJlHeHHa51 cnHp3J1eBH.'J.H M B nYKJI M opHaMeHTOM. KaK
Y)Ke YK33bIB3J10Cb B J1iiTep3Type, 3JJ.eCb HaJIHlI.O YHHKaJIb-
HOe CO'-leTaHHe CKH<pCKOH cpOpMbI KHH)KaJIa C qHCTO MeCTHbI-
MH 3.3K3BK33CKHMH opH3MeHT3J1bHblMH MOTHBaMH [TparrllI,
1954, OHpll.XaJlaB3, 1?75, c. II]. 50KOBOH BblcTyn, OTJJ.a-
JleHHO H3nOMHHaIOill.HH BblCTynbI H3 HO)KHaX CKH<pCKHX Me-
'-IeH, H rroJJ.'IepKHYTbIH H3KOHe4HHK HO)KeH rrOKa3b1BaIOT, '-11'0
KHH)KaJl H3rOTOBJI5IJlC5I 33K3BK33CKHM MacTepoM, HMHTHpO-
BaBllIHM CKH<PCKYIO <POPMY. B 3TOH CB5I3H HHTepeceH H
OJJ.HH H: HaHJJ.eHHblx B Tei'iwe63HHH )KeJle3Hb1X MeqeH,
HMeIOill.HH 6PYCKoBHJJ.Hoe H3BepWHe H rrp5lMOH CTBOJI PY-
K05lTH, HarrOMHHaIOill.He PYK05lTIi CKHcpCKIiX Me'IeH, HO BMec-
TO rrepeKI:eCTIi51 - 6pOH30BYI0 06KJIaJJ.KY, xapaKTepHYIO
JJ.Jl5I Me'IeH ypapTcKoro THn3 [OHOTpOBCKHH, 19596, pHC. 6,
3]. TaKHx «rH6pHJJ.HbIX» 3K3eMrr.1J5IpOB MaJIO, H OHH OTpa-
)KaIOT He rrOJlY'IHBllIHe JJ.3J1bHeHWero pa3BHTH5I nOrrblTKH CO-
eJJ.HHeHH5I p33HOpOJJ.HbIX cpOpM B O,.'I.HOM 0pY)KHH.
Me'IH H KHH)K3J1bl C 6pYCKOBH.'J.HblM HaBepllIHeM H cepJJ.-
lI.eBHJJ.HbIM, 6360'IKOBHJJ.HbIM IIJlIi rrO'IKOBHJJ.HbIM rrepeKpe-
CTHeM COCT3SJlHIOT rrO}1.3BlIHIOUJ.ee 60JlbllIHHCTBO CKH<pCKHX
aKHHaKOB B .33K3BK33be. cDopMa 3Ta OTHOCHTC5I K HaH60JIee
3pX3H'IeCKOH K3TeropHH CKllcpCKoro 0pY)KH5I JJ.3THPYIOill.eH-
C5I BTOpOH rrOJlOBHHOH VII-- V I BB. JJ.O H. '3. [MeJlIOKOBa,
1964, c..47-52]. 33K3BK33cKlie 3K3eMrrJI5Ipbl OTHOC5ITC5I rro
60JlbllIeH .'I3CTII K II343.rJY 3Toro nepHoJJ.a, T. e. B OCHOBHOM
KO BTOpOH nOJlOBHHe VII - H34a.'IY VI B. JJ.O H. 3. LI.JI5I Ta-
Koro YTO'IHCHHH .'J.3Tbl 04ellb B3iKHbi CJIY'IaH CO'IeTaHH5I B
OJJ.HOM KOMnJleKCe CKHcpCKOfO II yp3pTCKoro OpY)KH5I. PellIa-
IOill.YIO pOJlb rrplT 3TOM Iirp3JOT, KOHe'IHO, MaTepH3J1bI TeH-
llIe63mJlf, KOTopbIe HconpO[JepiKI1MO CBHJJ.eTeJlbCTBYIOT, 'ITO
Y)Ke B VII B. JI.O II. 3. aK!lIlaK 3;J.eCb 6bIJI XOpOllIO H3Be-
CTell. CKH CKOC HllH C'KllcpCl\OfO Tl1na BoopY)KeHlie rr05lBH-
JlOCb B TClIIue63 HH II, 6nyc.l()[J 110. eill.e B rrepHO.'J. 3 KTHBHoro
<PYHKlI.HOHHpOB3HII5I ropo.13. 06 nOM CBHJJ.eTeJlbCTByeT H
H3XOJJ.K3 ynOM5IIIYToro BbllUC Me'I3 «ypapTcKO-CKH<pCKOM»
cpOpM bi.
CO'IeT3HHe yp3PTCKI1X II CKl1cpCKHX Beill.eM rrpOCJIe)KH-
B3eTC5I T3K)Ke B KOMnJIeKCe In reXOBHTa' H B CaMT3BpCKOM
MOrHJlbHHKe. B norpe6CH1! X C3'1T f\PO CKHcpCKoe 0pY)KHe
t04eT3eTC5I JlH60 C C3.\III\1I1 \'p3p';CKHMH npeJ.MeT3MII BO-
0pY}KeHH5I (rrorpe6eHH5I N2 71 Ii 83), JIH60 C Bew.3MH, co-
46
npOBO)!{)I.alOUJ.HMH yp3pTcKoe 0pY}KHe B HHBeHT3pe JJ.PyrHx
KOMIIJ'IeKCOB ,noro rr3M5ITHIiK3. 91'0 ;WKa3bIB3eT. liTO Me4H
11 KHH}KaJlbl C 63604KOBH.'J.HbIMIl H 6J1113KIIMII rro q)QpMe IIe-
eKpeCTH5IMH ylKe BO BTOPO!I IIOJlOBIlHe VI 1- C3MOM H3-
aJIe VI B. JJ.O H. 3. 6bIJlII XOPOWO H3BeCTHbI B 33K3BK33be.
5. B. TeXOB JJ.aTHpOB3JI 3KIIH3K C 6pOH30BOH PYK05lTKOH
H3 TJIHHCKOro MOrHJlbHHK3 VIII B. JJ.O H. 3. [TexoB, 1980a,
c. 58]. OJJ.HHM H3 .!I.OBO.'J.OB B rrOJlb3Y CTOJlb paHHeH JJ.aTbl
6b1J1a HMeHHO 6HMeT3J1J1H4eCKa51 CTPYKTYP3 3Toro KHH)K3-
JIa. B JlHTepaType Y/I(e BbICK33bIB3J1HCb B03p3)KeHH5I IIpO-
THB CTOJlb paHHeH ,J.3TlipOBKH. B npllHlI. Hne 6HMeT3J1J1H'Ie-
CKHe Me'IH H KHHIK3JIbi II05lBJl5IIOTC5I B 33K3BK33be B IX-
VIII BB. JJ.O H. 3. [M3pTHpOC5IH, 1956, c. 76; EC351H, 1966,
c. 83] H 6b1TYIOT JJ.O VI-V BB. JJ.O H. 3. [ECa5lH, 1976,
c. IS!]. M. C. OHpUX3J13B3 [1975, c. 101. HC'XO.!l.51 H3 Tuno-
JIOrH'IeCKHX oc06eHHocTeH C06cTBeHHo TJlHHCKOro 3KHH3Ka
H Y'IHTblBa51 cyw.ecTBoB3HHe 6HMeT3JIJlH'IeCKOrO 0pY}KH5I (B
qaCTHOCTH, 6HMeT3J1JIH'IeCKHX KHH}KaJlOB) B 33KaBK33be H
B OpH'IepHOMOpbe B 3IIOXY CKHcpCKOH 3PX3I1KH, cnp3BeJJ.JlH-
BO rrpeJJ.Jl3raeT .'J.3TII pOB3 Tb nOT l' JlHHCKHH 3 KHH3 K B rrpeJJ.e-
JIax VII-VI BB. JJ.O II. 3. H3XOJJ.KH, XOT5I H HeMHOrO'IHCJleH-
Hble, 6pOH30BbIX II 6I1MeT3J1J1H'IeCKHX 3KIiH3KOB, THrrOJlOrH-
'IeCKH COOTBeTCTBYIOW.HX )KeJle3Hb1M VII-VI BB., H3BeCT-
Hbl .Ii BHe KaBK333 I IllKypKo, 1962, C. 100, pHC. 4; CMHp-
HOB, 1961, C. IS, pHC. I, 1]. CaM }Ke IIorpe6aJlbHblH iWMII-
JIeKC, B COCT3B KOToporo BXOJJ.HT p3CCM3TpHBaeMblH TJlHH-
CKHH aKHHaK [TexoB, 1980a, pHC. 4], K3K rrpeJJ.CTaBJl5IeTC5I,
He COJJ.ep}KHT HHblX rrpeJJ.MeTOB, OIIpeJJ.eJl5lIOill. HX ero JJ.3TY,
B 'IaCTHOCTH YKa3bIB31OW.HX Ha B03MO}KHOCTb OTHOCHTb erO
K VIII B. JJ.O H. 3., Ii aKHH3K B JJ.aHIIOM CJIY43e HMeeT peW3-
IOill.ee 3H3'IeHHe IIpli .!I.3THpOBKe.
OOMHMO nori 113H60JIee MHOrO'IHCJleHHOH rpyrrrrbI CKIi<p-
CKHX Me4eH H Klillil\3J10B B 33KaBK33be BCTpe'I3IOTC5I CJI.II-
HH'IHbIe 3K3eMn.151pbl .!I.pyrHX THnOB.
TaKoBbI rrpelKlle Bcero 3KHH3KH C 6pyCKOBHJJ.HbIM H3Bep-
IlIHeM H np5lMbiM 6pYCKOBH.l.HbIM IIepeKpccTHeM. O,.'I.IiH KIIH-
1K3J1 T3Koro THn3 6bIJI 06H3pY}KeH )1(. MopraHOM IIPH
p3cKonKax B MYCHepli (T36J1. I, 12). lleCKOJlbKO 3K3eMn-
Jl5IpOB H3HJJ.eHo B TJlI!HCKOM MorH.'IbHHKe [TexoB, 1980a,
pHC. 4, 3, pHC. 20. 41. OHH OT.'In4310TC5I nO,.'I.Tpeyro,lbHhIM
He60JlbWHM K.111I1KOM (npH 06w.eH ;J.JlHHe OKOJlO 25 CM).
AKHHaK H3 pacKonoK )1(. Mopr3H3 HMeeT Ha CTBOJIe py-
K05lTH JJ.Be BeprliKa.1bHbIe 60P03JJ.KH. CXOJJ.HbIH KHH}K3J1 06-
H3pY)KeH B 5pIIJlbC'KOM MOrHJlbHHKe. OH HMeeT ropH301l-
T3J1bHbIe nO.'10CKII no HaBepwliIO. B CKHcpCKOM Boopy/I\C-
47
HHH nO.ll.06HOH <pOpMbI 3KHH3KH BCTpett 3 IOTC5I pe,lJ.KO.
A. H. MeJIIOKOBa Bbl.ll.eJIHeT HX B 4-H nm I OT.lI.eJIa H no-
JIaraeT, 'ITO B CKH<pHH OHH nOHBHJIHCb noli. BJIHHHHeM rpe1Je-
CKoro KCH<poca. HeMHOr01JHCJIeHHble .lI.OKYMeHTHpoBaHHble
HaXO.ll.KH HX B rpeKo-BapBapcKHx MOrHJIax Kep1JeHCKOro
nOJIYOCTpOBa OTHOCHTCH K V B. .lI.O H. 3. [MeJIIOKOBa, 1964,
c. 52-53]. H3BecTHbi OHH TaKJKe B Cpe.ll.HeM Ilo.ll.HenpoBbe,
r.ll.e .lI.aTHpYIOTCH TeM JKe BpeMeHeM [IleTpeHKo, 1967, c. 42,
Ta6JI. 33, 6]. K VI-V BB. OTHOCHTCH H KHHJKaJIbi C npSI-
MbiM 6pYCKOBH.lI.HblM nepeKpecTHeM H HaBepwHeM C CeBep-
HOro KaBKa3a [BHHOrpa.ll.OB, 1972, c. 104; .lJ.aBY.lI.OB, 1974,
c. 65, 96], .lI.JIH KOToporo, KaK npell.nOJIaraeT B. 5. BHHO-
rpa.ll.OB, OHH 6b1JIH HaH60JIee xapaKTepHbI. Becb KOMnJIeKC
MycHepcKoro H 5pHJIbCKOrO MOrHJIbHHKOB .lI.aeT OCHOBaHHe
.lI.aTHpOBaTb 3TH aKHHaKH B 3aKaBKa3be. He n03JKe VI B.
.lI.O H. 3. O.ll.HaKO nOJIHOH aHaJIOrHH 3aKaBKa3CKHM KHHJKa-
JI.aM 3Toro THna, OTJIH1JaIOW:HMCH He60JIbWHM nO.ll.TpeyrOJIb-
HP/M KJIHHKOM, Mbi nOKa He 3HaeM, TaK KaK 06b11JHO 6PYc-
KOBH.lI.HOe nepeKpecTHe C01JeTaeTCH C KJIHHKOM 60JIee BblTH-
HYTblX 01JepTaHHH. .
AKHHaKH C aHTeHHblM HaBepwHeM TaKJKe npe.ll.CTaBJIeHbI
B 3aKaBKa3be KpaHHe pe.ll.Ko. IlO-BH.lI.HMOMY, HMeeT nJIOXO
coxpaHHBweecH aHTeHHoe HaBepwlie KHHJKaJI H3 norpe6e-
HHH N!! 139 TJIHHcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa [TexoB, 1980a, pHC. II,
I! C nepeKpecTHeM 06b11JHOH .lI.JIH Bcex KHHJKaJIOB 3Toro
MOrHJIbHHKa <pOPMbI, npH6JIHJKaIOw:eHcH K 6a601JKOBH.lI.HOH.
B naMHTHHKax CKH<PCKOH KYJIbTypbl aKHHaKH C aHTeHHO-
BH.lI.HblM HaBepwHeM 6blTYIOT B VI-V BB. .lI.O H. 3. KaK YJKe
OTMeTHJIa M. C. IlHpu:xaJIaBa, 06w:aH <popMa TJIHHCKOro
KHHlKaJIa, xapaKTepHaH .lI.J}H Bcex CKH<pCKHX aKHHaKOB 3TO-
ro MOrHJIbHHKa, H OCTaJIbHOH HHBeHTapb norpe6eHHH He
n03BOJIHIOT .lI.aTHpOBaTb TJIHHCKHH 3K3.CMIWHp n03JKe VI B.
.lI.O H. 3.
50JIee 1JeTKO BblpaJKeHO aHTeHHoe HaBcpWHe, KOHU:bI KO-
Toporo HanOMHHaIOT rOJIOBbI nTHU:, Y KHHJKaJIa H3 norpe-
6eHHH N!! 4 CYXYMCKOH ropbl [KaJIaH.lI.a.ll.3e, 1954,
Ta6Jl. VIII, 19]. AKHHaK 3TOT, OT.1HyaI0w.HHcH no;,upe-
yroJIbHbIM KJIHHKOM, 6a601JKOBH.lI.HblM nepeKpecTHeM H
nJIaBHO nepeXO.ll.HW:HM B HaBepwlIe CTBOJIOM PYK05lTH
(Ta6JI. I, 11), He HMeeT T01JHbIX aHaJIomii B IlpH1JepHO-
MOpCKOH CKH<pHH HJIH B caBpOMaTCK() 1 llIpe, r.ll.e HX TaKJKe
H3 eCTHO MaJIO. M. C. I1Hpu:xaJIaBa cpaBHHBaeT ero C JKe-
JIe3frlbIM KHHJKaJIOM H3 AHaHbHHCKoro YlOrHJIbHHKa [IlHp-
u:xcfJIaBa, 1975, c. 12]. 06w.enpHHHTaH .D.JIH TeppHTopHH K
ceBepy OT fJIaBHOrO KaBKa3CKoro xpe6Ta .D.aTa 3Toro THn3
48
}t{H5I - V B. .IJ.O iI. 3. ,[MeJIIOKOBa, 1964, c. 551 - c r Jta-
py C .lI.aTlipOBKoii Bcero MOrllJIbHIIKa Y CYXYMCKOH ro-
CyeTc TOM 1JHCJIe H norpe6aJIbHOrO KOMnJIeKCa !'f!! 4.
pb!, M Tpanw cpaBHHBaJI C 3THM aKHHaKOM onHcaHHbIH BbI-
M. 3 3eMnJIHp H3 norpe6eHHH N!! 8 (II) CTapwero MO-
we HHKa fya.ll.Hxy (Tpanw, 1969, c. 61], OTHOC5Iw:erOCH K
rH :e paHHeMY BpeMeHH, HO nJIoxoe COCTOHHHe rya.D.IIXHH-
60 aKH HaKa He n03BOJIHeT Ha.ll.eJKHO ou:eHHTb CTeneHb
CKoro
HX cXO.ll.CTBa. .
AHTeH Hoe HaBepWHe HMeeT TaKJKe n oxo. coxpaHHBWHH-
C5I aKHHaK (HJIH, B03MOJKHO, 0.D.HOJIe3BHHHblH Me1J) H3 CTe-
naHaKepTCKoro MY3eH (Ta6JI. I, 26).
IloMHMO caMHX aKHHaKOB B 3aKaBKa3be B He60JIbWOM
H1JeCTBe BCTpe1JaIOTCH KOCTHHbIe H 6poH30Bble HaKOHe1J-
: H HX HOJKeH - .lI.eTaJIb, He CBOHCTBeHHaH 3aKaBKa3CKO-
M OPYJKHIO, HO XopOWO H3BeCTHaH Y .CKH<pCKHX H oc06eH-
Y nepCH.lI.CKHX aKHHaKOB. HaH60JIbWHH HHTepec npe.ll.CTaB-
H IOT HaKOHe1JHHKH nOJIYKpyrJIOH <pOpMbl C H306paJKeHHHMH
JI PHYBWHXCH JKHBOTHblX H3 TJIHHcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa H H3
1JaHHblX HaXO.ll.0K B TOM JKe paHOHe [TexoB, 1980a,
pHC. 23, 1-5; KY<PTHfI, 1949, c. 25].
HHJKe Mbi cneU:HaJIbHO OCTallOBHMCH Ha aHaJIH3e 3THX
H306paJKeHHH. IloMHMo nOJIYKpyr JIbiX B T JIHHCKOM MOrHJIb-
HHKe eCTb .ew:e HaKOHe1JHHKH B BH.lI.e rOJIOBKH rpH<poHa [Te-
XOB, 1980a, pHC. 23, 6]. a B .lJ.BaHcKoM - HaKOHe1JHHK C 3a-
KpyrJIeHHblM KOHU:OM, nO.D.06HbIe KOTOPOMY xopowo H3BeCT-
Hbi B CKH<pCKHX naMHTHHKax CeBepHoro KaBKa3a.
5YTepOJIH B 3aKaBKa3be npe.D.CTaBJIeHbI B o eHb He3Ha-
1JHTeJIbHOM 1JHCJIe, H HX apeaJI 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO YJKe apeaJIa
aKHHaKOB CKH<pcKoro THna. IloJIYKpyrJIbie 6YTepOJIH C H30-
6paJKeHHeM cBepHYBwerocH 3BCpH B 3TOM perHoHe 3a npe-
.lI.eJIaMH IOro-OceTHH HeH3BeCTHbi. ECJIH KYJIbTypHaH npH-
Ha.ll.JIeJKHOCTb H XpOHOJIOrliH 3THX npe.ll.MeTOB onpe.ll.eJIHIOT-
CH .lI.OCTaT01JHO 1JeTKO (CM. HHlKe), TO u:eHTp HX npOH3BO.D.-
CTBa YKa3aTb nOKa TPYll.HO. CTHJIHCTH1JeCKHe napaJIJIeJIIi HM
MOJKHO HaHTH B HeKOTopblX .D.pyrllx 3aKaBKa3CKHX lI.peBHO-
CTHX CKH<pCKoro 06.TIHKa,- Hanpll:-'Iep B H306paJKeHHHX Ha
KOCTHHbIX nJIaCTHHKax H3 5pH.lbCKoro MOrHJIbHHKa, HO HH-
KaKOH CBH3H C c06CTBeHHO 3aKaBKa3CKHM HCKYCCTBOM B
HHX npOCJIe.D.HTb He Y.D.aeTC5I, XOT5I npe.D.nOJIOJKeHHe06 HX
MeCTHOM npOH3BO.D.CTBe H 6bl.l0 BblCKa3aHO [Texos, 1976,
c. 161-162]. Bo BCHKOM CJIY'jae, He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, Kor-
.lI.a H r.ll.e OHH 6b1JIH H3rOTOB.1CHbl, 01JeBH.D.HO, 1JTO npoH3Bo-
.lI.HJIHCb 3TH 6YTepOJIH O'IeHb HCJOJIrO H CKopee Bcero B .D.O-
CTaT01JHO cneU:H<pHLIeCI<O(1 1<"lbTYPHOH cpe.ll.e.
4 3aK. 524
49
C ropa31I.0 60JlbWeH YBepeHHOCTLIO MO}/(HO rOBOpHTb Q
BepOHTHOCTH MeCTHOrO - XOTH 6blIJaCTHIJHO - npOH3BO.il.CTBa
CKH<pCKHX aKHHaKOB [Tpanw, 1954, c. 142; KpynHoB, 1960,
c. 64; f1Hpu.xaJlaBa, 1975]. B nOJlb3Y ::noro npe.n.noJlo)!{e-
HHH rOBopHT He TOJlbKO HX cpaBHHTeJlbHO 60JlbWOe 'I HCJlO,
HO 11 CYll{eCTBOBaHHe TaKHX CHHKpeTHIJeCKHX <pOPM, KaK
KOJlXH,rJ.CKHH KHH)!{aJl B 6pOH30BblX HO)!{HaX, a TalUKe He-
KOTopoe OTJlHIJHe HX OT aKHHaKOB I1HblX TeppHTopHH - Ha.
npHMep, WHpOKHe HaBepWHH Y KHH}/(aJlOB H3 5pHJlbCKOrO
MOrHJlbHHKa.
BbICKa3b1BaJlHCb npe,rJ.rrOJlO}/(eHHH 0 3aKaBKa3cKOM npo-
I1CXO)!{.n.eHHH caMoro aKHHaKa Bo06ll{e [f06e,rJ.)!{HWBHJlH,
1952, c. 101) HJlH)!{e 0 pacrrpoCTpaHeHHH nOH <pOpMbI
0pY)!{HH C f1epe,rJ.Hero BOCToKa 'Iepe3 3aKaBKa3be B f1pH-
'IepHOMopCKYIO CKH<pHIO [TIHOTpOBCKHH, 1978]. Ho MHelHlE
o MeCTHOM CJlO)!{eHI1I1 aKI1HaKa He H8XO,rJ.I1T rrO,rJ.TBep)!{.n.e.
HI1H, TaK KaK nOJlHOe OTCYTCTBHe B 3aKaBKa3be ero npOTO'
THnOB He n03BOJlHeT npOCJle.n.HTb 3.n.eCb 3TOT npou.ecc. K TO,
MY )!{e aKHHaKH 6b1TOBaJlH B 3aKaBKa3be B Te'IeHHe .n.OCTa.
TOIJHO KopOTKoro nepHO,rJ.a. Bce 3TO rOBopHT 0 IJy)!{epo,T].'
HOCTH 3TOH <pOpMbl .n.JlH HCCJle,rJ.yeMoro perHOHa.
f1pe.n.CTaBJleHHe }/(e 0 3aKaBKa3be 'KaK 0 cBoe06pa3110M I
MOCTe, 'Iepe3 KOTOpblH aKHHaKH H3 f1epe.n.HeH A3HH npo-.
HHKJlH B f1pHIJepHOMopCKYIO CKH<pHIO, ,rJ.OJl}/(HO aHaJlH3HpO-
BaTbCH B CBH3H C Ou.eHKOH TeopHH nepe,rJ.Hea3HaTCKoro
CJlO)!{eHHH 3TOH cpOpMbI. rHnoTe3a 06 HpaHcKoM npOHCXO}/(-'
tleHHH aKHHaKa -DblJla CcpOPMYJlHpOBaHa ell{e M. 11. POCTOB-'
U.eBblM, KOTOpblH CIJHTaJl Bce CKHcpcKoe Boopy)!{eHHe B oc-
HOBe HpaHcKHM {POCTOBU.eB, 1918, c. 69; POCTOBu.eB, 1925,'
c. 4701. K TaKOMY )!{e BblBO.n.y npHWeJl H B. rHHTepc
{Ginters, 1928, c. 16]. B rroJlb3Y nOH TeopHH KaK 6y;1TO
r.BHJ.eTeJlbCTBYIOT H HPKO Bblpa}/(eHHble nepe.n.Hea3HaTcKlle
'MeMeHTbI, Oll{YTHMble B ,rJ.eKope MeJlbrYHoBcKoro H Ke, ep-
MeCCKoro MeIJeH. 5. 5. f1HOTpOBCKHH y6e,rJ.HTeJlbHO OTMeTliJI
R HX opHaMeHTHKe ypapTcKHe IJepTbl H npHWeJl K RbIRO;l)',
'JTO npH C03,rJ.aHHH 3THX MeIJeH CKHcpcKHe MaCTepa nO:JhJ()-
RaJlHCb 06pa3u.aMH ypapTcKoro HCKyccTBa [f1HOTpOBCKIIH,
1959a, c. 252; f1HOTpOBCKHH, 1978 .n.p.]. .lJ.aJlbHeHlUee lIa-
KOnJleHHe MaTepHaJla n03BOJlHJlO Bbl,rJ.eJlHTb B .n.eKope 31J3-
MeHHTblX CKHcpCKHX MeIJeH IJepTbI, CBH3aHHbie C HCKYCCT-
130M 3HBHe [Barnett, 1962]. B. j'. JIYKOHHH BH.n.eJl B IIC-
KYCCTBe, npe.n.CTaBJleHHOM Haxo.dIjaMH B 3HBHe, nepBoIla-
IJaJlbHYIO cpa3Y pa3BHTHH TorO'CTHJlH, 3aKJlIOIJHTeJlbHbili
3Tan KOToporo OTp3)!{eH B YKpaweHHH MeJlbrYHoBcKHX H
Ke. epMeCCKHX HO)!{eH [JIYKOHHH, 1977, c. 32]. P. 5aplleT
50
T aeT «KJla,rJ.» H3 3HBHe, HO)!{Hbi AMY,rJ.apbHHcKoro KJlaJ.a,
cqH" .'
KeJlepMeCCKHI1 H MeJlbrYHoBcKHlI, MeIJII H T. .iI.. naMHTIIH-
aMH MH.il.HHCKOro HCKyccTBa. O,rJ.HaKo Bce 3TH Ha6J11o.n.eHHH
aC3IOTCH CTHJlH opHaMeHTHKH, a He cpOpMbI 0pY/I\lIH, K3K
TaKOBOH. Te3Hc 0 BOCTOIJHOM npOHCXO)!{,rJ.eHHH apX3I1'1eCKO-
ro CKHcpcKoro MeIJa BOWeJl B JlHTepaTYPY OIJeHb npOIJHO
[MeJlIOKOBa, 1964: c. ?O; ApTaMOHOB, 1973, c. 97; f1Hpu.xa-
JlaBa, 1975, c. 13, Ghlrshman, 1979, .... 23 H .n.p.]. OH 6a3H-
pyeTcH Ha e,rJ.I1HCTBe TepMHHOJlOrHH rpeIJeCKHX aBTopOB, Ha-
3b1BaBWHX aKHHaKaMH MeIJH KaK CKHcpOB, TaK H nepCOB H
MH.il.HHU. eB (CM., HarrpHMep, Herod. IV, 62 H VII, 54), a
T3K}/(e Ha cpaKTe .n.OBOJlbHO wHp.oKoro pacnpoCTpaHeHHH
3Toro OpY}/(HH Ha 5J1H)!{HeM BocToKe, 3aCBH.n.eTeJlbCTBOBaH-
Horo, BnpO'IeM, rJlaBHblr:r 06pa30M H306pa)!{eHHHMII, a He
HaXO,rJ.KaMH caMHX Me'Iel1.
O.n.HaKO paHee VI-V BB'. .n.o H. 3. aKHHaK B f1epe,rJ.Hei'1
A3HH, BH,rJ.HMO, H3BeCTeH He 6b1Jl. I-b06pa)!{eHHH aKHHaKa
Ha nepcenOJlbCKHX peJlbecpax H Ha rrJlaCTHHe H3 AMy.n.apb-
HHCKoro KJla,rJ.a, KaK tI HO)!{HbI H3 rrOCJle.n.Hero, He .n.3THPy-
IOTCH paHee 3Toro rrepHo.n. a .
5J1H3KH no BpeMeHH .n.epeBHHHble HO)!{Hbi H MOJ.eJlbKH
aKHHaKOB H3 c06paHHH 5pHTaHCKoro MY3eH, npOHCXOJ,Hll{He
H3' ErHnTa H KapxeMbiwa [Barnett, 1962, Ta6J1. II, b, c).
HaJlHIJHe B KJla.n.e H3 3HBHe HaBepwHH, 6YTepoJlH H
OCTaTKOB nJlaCTHH OT HO)!{eH n03BOJlHJlO npe,rJ.nOJlOTh:IITb, IJTO
B COCTaB KJla.n.a BXO,rJ.HJI H caM aKHHaK, OTHOCHll{HllcH co-
OTBeTCTBeHI10 K VII B. .n.o H. 3. [Ghirshman, 1979, c. 20-
23; JIYKOHHH, 1977, C. 30]. f1paB,rJ.a, npoTHB TaKoi'1 peKoH-
CTPYKU.HH, B IJaCTHOCTH npoTHB TOJlKOBaHHH TaK Ha3bIBae-
Moro HaBepwHH KaK npHHa.n.Jle)!{all{ero MeIJY CKllcpcKoro
THna, BblcTynHJI E. B. 1.IepHeHKo [1979; 1980, c. 251. Ho B
JlI060M cJlY'Iae cYll{eCT90BaHHe aKI1HaKa KaK CJlQ;oKliBweH-
CH cpOpMbI no KpaHHeH Mepe KO BTOpOH nOJlOBHHe VII B.
.n.o H. 3. nO,rJ.TBep)!{,rJ.aeTCH H 3aKaBKa3CKHMH MaTepli3J1aMH.
O.n.HaKO H B 3aKaBKa3be, H Ha 5J1H)!{HeM BonOKe HeH3-
BeCTHbi HH 60Jlee paHHHe 3K3eMn.'!Hpbl, HH HX THllo.l0rHIJe-
CKHe npe.n.weCTBeHHHKH. f1paB.n.a, P. 5apHeT BHJ.IIT onpe.il.e-
JleHHYIO CBH3b Me)!{,rJ.Y H3BeCTHbIM xaMa.n.aHCKHM KHH}/(a-
JlOM .C HaBepWHeM B BH,rJ.e JlbBHHblX rOJlOB HJlHHeKOTOpb[-
MH TaJlblWCKHMH KHH)!{aJlaMH H CKHcpCKHM aKHHaKOM. Ho
3TO CJlHWKOM 06ll{He aHaJlOrHH. TOT)!{e HCCJle.l0BaTeJlh
npe.il.nOJlaraeT, 'ITO aKHHaK OTHOCHTCH K MeCOnOTa\ICKoMY
THny 0pY}/(HH H IJTO HMeHHO B MeconOTaMHH CJle_lyeT HC'-
KaTb ero HCTOKH, HO nOKa 3TO YTBep)KJ.eHHe He f!iUI..;pen-
JleHO aHaJlH30M KOHKpeTHoro MaTepHaJla.
4'"
51
H. n. 4neHOBa BH HT np006pa3 KOHTypa Cep ueBH
HWX nepeKpeCTHH CKH CKHX aKHHaKOB B O'lepTaHHHX 3ax
HmeH Ha KnHHOK PY'lKH HeKOTOpWX nepe Hea3HaTCKHX
KaBKa3CKHX KHHJKanOB, HMeIOmeH nOnYKpyrnbIH BWpe3
HHJKHeH 'laCTH. O HaKO OHa npH3HaeT, 'lTO Henb3H IlpOCJj
.'I.HTb B eTanHX Bce 3TanbI npOHCXOJK eHHH KHHJKanOB
cep ueBH HbIM nepeKpeCTHeM {4neHoBa, 1967, c. 21].
3aKaBKa3cKHe aKHHaKH, OTHOCHllI.HeCSI, 6eccnopHo,
HaH60nee apXaH'leCKHM BapHaHTaM 3Toro BH a CKH CKO
0PYJKHH, O'leBH HO, He MorYT HrHopHpOBaTbCSI npH pem
HHH Bonpoca 0 ero "reHe3Hce. TaK, Henb3H He Y'lHTWBa
'lTO, HeCMOTpH Ha HeKOTopoe cBoe06pa3He OT enbHWX 3
3eMllnHpOB, HaH eHHbIe B 3aKaBKa3be Me'lH H KHHJKa
CKH CKOro THna, 6eccnopHO, 6nHJKe npH'lepHOMopCKOMY
ceBepOKaBKa3CKOMY CKH CKOMY 0pYJKHIO, 'leM KaKOMY 5
TO HH 6bWO nepe Hea3HaTcKoMY. 3TO TeM 60nee nOKa3a
TenbHo, 'lTO Ha Pymx npe MeTax TOH JKe KynbTYPHo-xpd
HOnOm'leCKOH rpynnbI (HanpHMep. Ha H306paJKeHHHX i
6YTeponeH- CM. rn. VI) CBH3H C IOroM 'leTKO OmYTHMbL .
B 3TOH CBH3H HHTepeCHO OTMeTHTb Te oc06eHHOCTH ap
XaH'leCKHX CKH CKHX KHHJKanOB H Me'leii, KOTopbIe MOLTJj
6bITb 'YHacne oBaHbI OT npe IlleCTBYIOmero nepHo a. TaKq
BO, HanpHMep, 'lneHeHHe CTBona PYKOHTKH npo onbHbIM 1 '
BepTHKanbHbIMH nonocaMH. OHO oc06eHHO OllpaB allO
5POH30BbIX PYKOHTKax, Ha eBaBIllHXCH Ha JKene3HWU ('Tep
/KeHb 'flllKypKo, 1962, c. 98, pHC. 4]. EpOH30Bbie paM'I
TbIe PYKOHTKH, 3aKpennHBIllHecH nOBepx JKene3HOro cTep
IIH, XOpOIllO H3BecTHw- no KHHJKanaM KaMeHHoMocTcKorl
THna C CeBepHoro KaBKa3a. Y 3THX JKe KHH/KanOB eCT]
'IeTKO BbI eneHHoe nepeKpecTHe co cnerKa ollymeHHbIMI
RHH KpbWbHMH. BepoHTHo, npaB E. B. 4epHeHKo. BHl1.S1
mHfl HMeHHO B 3THX KHHJKanaX OCHOBY nH onMHpoBaHHI
c06cTReHHo CKH cKoro 0PYJKHH (4epHeHKo, 1979, c. 90-
911. no ero MHeHHIO, «npOHCXOJK eHHe CKH CKHX \'Ie'IeH Hi
CTOHT CBH3bIBaTb C nepCH CKHM BoopYJKeHHeM, XOTH onpe
;1E\TJeHH3H 6m-l30CTb HX B V B. O H. 3. 3aMeTHa» [4cpHeH
KO, 1980, c. 301.
Bce CKa3aHHoe n03BonHeT YTBepJK aTb, 'lTO 3aKanKa3
CKHe aKHHaKH VII-VI BB. o H. 3. MorYT 6bITb conOCTaB
.TJeHbI TonbKO C 3K3eMIlnHpaMH H3 caMOH CKH HH CKH
CKoe OPVJKHe nH60 nocTynano CIO a H3 06naCTeil K ceBe
py OT rnaBHoro KaBKa3CKoro xpe6Ta, .TJH60 cnY)J{J-I.'IO 05
,na3uoM LI..'IH MeCTHoro H3rOTOBneHHH. rOBOpHTb 0 pacnpo
CTpaHeHHH aKHllaI,a H3 nepe HeH A3HI! 'Iepe3 3;:n;aBh3JGE
B CKH HIO Ha OCHOBaHHH 3aKaBKa3CKHX MaTepHanOB He.'1b3f
r Aaea III
HAKOHEtIHHKH -cTPEJI.
HaKOHe'lHHKH CTpen CKH cKoro THna npe CTaBneHbI Hu a
TeppHTOPHH 3aKaBKa3bSl KaK B BH e OT.QenbHbIX cnY'Iall-
HWX HaXO OK, TaK H B COCTaBe 60nbIllHX KOMllneKCOB, HH-
BeHTapb KOTOpbIX BKnIO'laeT npeHMymecTBeHHO Ilpe.'l.MeTW
MeCTHbIX THIlOB.
K COJKaneHHIO, HaM He YLI.anOCb BH3yanbHo 1l03HaKO-
MHTbCH co BceMH HaKOHe'lHHKaMH CTpen, HaH eIlHbIMH Ha
TeppHTOPHH 3aKaBKa3bH, n03TOMY B pHJI.e cnY'IaeB MW
OIlHpaeMCSI nHIllb Ha HX ny6nHKaUHH. He06xo}J,HMO OTMe-
THTb, 'lTO CTpenbI CKH CKoro THna, npe CTaBnem!bIe B or.
paHH'leHHOM KOnH'leCTBe B OT enbHbIX llaMHTHHKax, ny6-
nHKYIOTCH 05bI'IHO OBonbHO nonHO. B TO /Ke BpeMH H3 He-
CKonbKHX' COT CTpen, Ha H eHHbIX, K npHMepy, B MHHre'la-
ypCKOM MomnbHHKe, ony6nHKoBaHO nHWb 24, XOTH, KOHe'l'
HO, 3Ta ny6nHKauHH OTpaJKaeT KaK npeJI.CTaBneHHbIe B MO-
mnbHHKe THllbI, TaK H HX npHMepHoe COOTHOweHHe.
MaTepHanbI pacKonoK, pe3ynbTaTbI KOTOpbIX He BownH
eme B HaY'IHbIH 060POT, TaKJKE" O'leBH HO, 1l01l0nijHT 'lHC'
no CKH CKHX cTpen, HaH eHHbiX B 3aKaBKa3be K HaCTOH-
meMY BpeMeHH.
ABTOpbI 1l0nHOCTbIO oc03HaIoT, ''ITO 3HaKoMcTBO C 'IaCTbIO
MaTepHanoB nHIllb no ny6nHKaUHHM,. oc06e u HHO ecnH IlpH-
HHTb BO BHHMaHHe xapaKTep HnnIOCTpanHH B lIeKOTopbIX
H3 HIIX, B 3Ha'IHTenbHOH CTenCHII CHllil.;aeT KaqeCTBO ,aaH-
Horo pa3 ena. On.HaKO a/KC TaKHe npC':W;lpI!Te.'IbHbIe
CBOLI.KH H KnaCCH HKaUHH HMCIOmHXCH n HaweM paCllopH-
JKeHHH CTpen Ha a HHOM 3Ta Ile pa 60Tbi Heo6xoJ.I1M bl.
B HaCTOHmeH pa60Te Y'ITeHO 60nee 500 3K3CMIl.'IHpOB
BTynb'IaTbiX cTpen, HO aKTH'IeCKOe HX 'IHCJIO B 3aKaB-
Ka3be HeCKOJIbKO 60JIbIlle. B ueJIOM HMeIOIllHHcH B HaweM
paCIlOpSl./KeHHH MaTepHaJI OCTaTO'IHO penpCJeHTaTIIBeH H
B OCHOBHOM oTpa/KaeT 3aKoHoMepHOCTII pacflpoCTpaHeHIIH
crpen CKH cKoro THna B 3aKaBKa3be.
k
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18 00-0-<>-
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7 0. 8 <J9 0 30 -d!
Ta6n. I I. HaKOlle'lllHKH CTpe.l. KapMlIp-6J\YP. 5poH3a
JlHWb fJ OT;J.eJlbHbIX CJlY4a5lX B 33KaBK33CKHX IlaMHTHi-i-
K3X 6bI.111 o6HaPY)KeHbl 60JIbIIIHf:T H360pbl BTYJIb4aTbIX
CTpeJI (01. N2 3, 12 H 35 110 CBO.J.Kj'). 3Ha4HTeJJl: HO 4 Q w.e
OH II npe .1el a 13,1CHbI e..'J,HHH4HbIM II 3K1eM IlJI5IpaM H. 3TO, (,c.Te-
CTBeHHO. JiJl PY.LI.H5IeT HCIlOJIb30BaHHe CTpeJI .LI.JIH YT04H('BHH
54
XpOHOJlOrIm LOOTBeTcTBYJOW. HX Kot.;fIlJIeKCOn, IlOCKOJ1bKY,
K3K H3BecTHO, HeCMOTp51 H3 p33pa6oT3HHYJO THIlOJIOrHJO
BTYJlb4aTbIx CTpeJl [CMHpHOB, 1961; MeJIJOKoB3, 1964), H B
c06cTBeHHO CKH CKHX Il3M5ITHHKaX IlpH oIlpe.LI.eJIeHHH Y3-
KOH .LI.aTbi pellIaJOw. ee 3H34eHHe HMeeT COOTHOllIeHHe pa3-
HbiX TlJnOB CTpeJI B O.LI.HOM Ha6ope.
3aKaBKa3cKHe CTpeJIbi cooTBeTcTBYJOT THIl3M, x3paKTep-
HbiM ..'J,JJH CTpeJI eBp33HHCKHX cTeIleH, IlO3TOMY IlPH OIlHca-
HHH IIX MbI HCXO.LI.HM H3 THIlOJIOrHH, p33R36oT3HHOH HCCJIe-
.n.oBaTeJlHMH CKH cKoro 0pY)KH5I. B TO)Ke BpeM5I CJlHW-
KOM .J.p06Hoe .LI.eJIeHHe B .LI.3HHOM CJIY43e Ilpe.LI.CT3BJI5IJlOCb
Heu.e.leco06p33HbIM; Il03TOMY, HeCMOTp51 H3 60JIbllIOe pa3-
Hoo6pa311e 3aK3BK33CKHX CTpeJI, OHM 110M HMO OT.LI.eJIOB,
OIlpe.J.eJIHeMbIX OpMOH IlOIlepe4Horo Ce4eHH5I rOJIOBKH,
pa3/I.e.leHbl H3 THIlbl, Bbl.LI.eneHHbIe JIHllIb H3 OCHOBaHHH
04epTaHliH rOJIOBKH, H BapuaHTbl, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIe TOJlbKO
COOTliOWeHHeM .lI.JIHHbI rOJIOBKH H BTYJlKH.
'JCM
.
H 2 fJ ,, 5
1\ ffi 6. \) /'\ ,
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8 -- 9 : \
b. /1.0 V 7 V 18 V 19
Ta6n. III. HaKOlle'lIlIlKII CTpeJ\: 1-15 - KapMHp-
6nyp; 16-19 - ITeM3allleli. 5poll3a
55
B 9aKaBK83be fipenctaBneHM hpaKtH4eCkH g e 01aen ,
T. e. cpOpMbI CeIJeHHH rOJIODOK, XapaKTepHMe aJlH CTpeJl eB-
pa3HHCKHX CTerreH CKHcpCKOrO BpeMeHH. nOaaBJl5lI0Il{ee
60JlbWHHCTBO 3aKaBKa3CKHX CTpeJI CaeJIaHO H3 6pOH3M.
)KeJIe3HbIe H KOCTHHbIe HaKOHe1JHHKH BCTpeIJaIOTCH 3aeCb
KpaHHe peaKO.
JI.8YXAonaCTHble CTpeAbl. CpeaH HHX aOBOJIbHO IJeTKO
BbIaeJIHIOTCH CTpeJIM C pOM6HIJeCKHMH 01JepTaHHHMH rOJIO-
BOK, B OCHOBHOM COOTBeTCTBYIOllI.He rrepBOMY THrry CKHcp-
CKHX CTpeJI :noro OTaeJIa, BMaeJleHHOMY A. H. MeJIIOKOBOH,
rrpHIJeM rJIaBHMM 06pa30M ero rrepBOMY H BTOPOMY BapH-
aHTaM. KaK H3BeCTHO, CTpeJIbI :noro THrra HaH60JIee apxa-
HIJHM H rrOHBJlHIOTCH B EBpa3HH eIl{e B aOCKHcpCKoe Bpe-
MH. B CKHcpHH OHH oc06eHHO xapaKTepHM aJIH rraMHTHH-
KOB VII- rrepBOH rrOJIOBHHbI VI B. ao H. 3. [MeJlIOKOBa,
1964, c. 18; CMHpHOB, 1961, C. 41), B KOTOpbIX BCTpe1JaIOT-
CH HapHay co CTpeJIaMH C JlaBpOJIHCTHbIMH rOJlOBKaMH.
OaHaKo OTaeJIbHbIe 3K3eMrrJIHpM rrOa06HbIx CTpeJI eCTb H
B Ha60pax, OTHOCHIl{HXCH K 60Jlee rr03aHeMY BpeMeHH.
B 3aKaBKa3be TaKHe CTpeJIM rrpeaCTaBJIeHbI B HeCKOJIb-
KHX rraMHTHHKax, HO, 3a peaKHMH HCKJIIOIJeHHHMH, 06Il{ee
IJHCJIO CTpeJI B Ka>KaOM H3 3THX rraMHTHHKOB He3Ha1JH-
TeJIbHO.
TaK, eaHHCTBeHHaH aBYXJIOrraCTHaH CTpeJIa 6blJla 06Ha-
PY>KeHa B oaHOM H3 KaMeHHbIX HIl{HKOB ArrwepmlcKoro
MOrHJIbHHKa (N'!! I). HCCJleaOBaHHoro H. M. .il./Kacpa p3aae;
OaHa (B COIJeTaHHH C aBYMH TpeXJIOrraCTHbIMH) - B KaMeH-
HOM HIl{HKe MOrHJIbHHKa rIOprHH Ha ArrwepOHe (N'!! 2); aBe
CTpeJIM HaXOaHJlHCb B COCTaBe Ha60pa CTpeJI (B OCHOBHOM
BKJIIOIJaIOIl{erO 3K3eMrrJIHpbI C OBaJIbHOH rOJIOBKOH), HaH-
aeHlloro Ha rrOCeJIeHHH MOIJpHJIH-rOpa B KaxeTHH (N'!! 15;
Ta6J1. X, 1 u 4); aBe CJIYIJaHHO HaHaeHbI Y c. KeIJHJ1H WaM-
xopCKoro paHOHa (N'!! 7; Ta6J1. VI, 29 u 30); aBe - B MO-
rHJIbHHKaX MycHepH H lllaHTaH-aar [Morgan 1889
pHC. 59, 60J I. OKOJIO 10 CTpeJI C pOM6HIJeCKHM o epTaHH
eM nepa (OT OaHOH ao rrHTH B O HOM rrorpe6eHHH) 6MJIO
HaHaeHO B CaMTaBpCKOM MOrHJIbHHKe (N'!! 55), r;re Bcero
06HapY>KeHO OKOJlO 20 BTYJIbIJaTbIX CTpeJl (Ta6.1]. VIII,
1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 16). .il.Be TaKHe CTpeJlbI HapHay C TpeXJ10rra-
CTHbIMH CTpeJlaMH pa3HMX cpOpM BXOaHJlH B HIJBeHTapb
OAHoro H3 rrorpe6eHHH KYJIaHypxBHHcKoro MorH bHUKa
(N;!! 68) [T panw, 1970, Ta6JI. V, 12, 13), .1Be - B Ha60p
, I KaK Y>Ke lIeO,'J.1I0KpaTli0 OTMe'laJlOCb [ilIlOTpOBCKllt"I, 1959a. c. 247;
MeD.Be.llCKa51, 1980, c. 331 Te >Ke CTpeJlbl 6b1J1I1 OWH60'lHO ony6mlKoBallbi
Cpe.llH HIiBeIlTap51 MOrllJlbllHKOB TaJlblwa [Morgan, 1927, pile. 284].
56
CTpeJI KypraHa lllYJIaBepH B HMpHC-rOpa (N'!! 47). CJIY-
'IJailHbIe HaXOaKH rrOa06HbIX CTpeJI 6MJ1Ii C,'J.eJIaHbI TaK>Ke B
a3HMX rrYHKTax lOro-OceTHH. .
p nepeIJHCJIeHHbIe CTpeJIbI pa3JIHIJaIOTCH cHMMeTpHIJHOH
HJIH aCHMMeTpHIJHOH cpOpMOH rOJIOBKH. ACHMMeTpHIJHM ro-
JIOBKH Y 60JIbWeH IJaCTH CTpeJI CaMTaBpcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa,
Y CTpeJI H3 lllaHTaH-aara, rIOprHHa, WYJ1aBepH 2. .il.JISI
OCTaJIbHMX xapaKTepHbI CHMMeTpHIJHO-pOM6H1JeCKHe OIJep-
TaH HH .
H Te H apYrHe CTpeJIbI XOpOWO U3BeCTHbI B paHHHX
CKHCPCKHX H caBpOMaTCKHX rraMHTHHKaX. CTpeJ1bI H3 CaM-
TaBpO, KYJIaHypXBbI, MOIJpHJIH-rOpa, WYJ13BepH, MYCHe-
pH HMeIOT TaK>Ke xapaKTepHMe aJIH CKHcpCKIiX CTpeJI 310-
ro THrra BbleMKH B JIOrraCTHX.
nO COOTHoweHHIO aJIHHM rOJIOBKH II BTYJlKH 3aKaBKa3-
CKHe aBYXJIOrraCTHble CTpeJIbI YKa3aHHoro THna aeJIHTCH Ha
aBa OCHOBHMX BapHaHTa - C aJIHHHbIMH (60JIee 1/4 BceH
a JlHHbI HaKOHeIJHHKa) H KOpOTKHMH (1/4 H Mel!Ce) BTYJ1KaMH.
npe06JIaaaIOT CTpeJIbI C aJIHHHbIMH BTYJ1KaMH; KopOTKHe
BTYJIKH HMeIOT JIHWb CTpeJIM H3 rIOprHHa H WaHTaH-aara
H OaHa - H3 lllYJIaBepH.
Bce 3aKaBKa3CKHe CTpeJIbI 3Toro THrra OBOJIbHO Kpyrr-
HbI - OT 4 ao 5 CM B aJIHHY H, KaK y)I{C OTMeIJa.10Cb, He
HMeIOT rrpHHlI.HrrHaJIbHbIX OTJlHIJHH OT c06CTBeHHO .CKHcpCKHX.
BTOpOH THrr aBYXJIOrraCTHbIX CTpeJI X3paKTepH3yeTcH
OBaJIbHbIM OIJepTaHHeM rOJIOBKH, IJTO TaK/I{e COOTBeTcTByeT
THrrOJIOrHH CKHcpo-capMaTCKHX CTpeJI (BTQPOH THrr rrepBoro
OTaeJIa, rro A. H. MeJIIOKOBOH).
DOJIee 30 TaKHX CTpeJI - C WHrra 1 H I-! 6e3 WHrrOB, C
aJlHHHbIMH H C KOpOTKHMH BTYJIKaMIi - 6b!.'10 06Ha-pY>KeHO
B ypapTcKOH KperrOCTH TeHwe6aHHH Ha XOJ1Me KapMHp-
6JIYP (N'!! 39; Ta6JI. II). KaK H3BeCTHO, CKHcpcKHe CTpeJlbI
H3 KapMHp-6JIypa B OCHOBHOM cO:J.eplKaJlHCb B CJIoe, 06pa-
30BaBweMCH H3 pa3pyweHHoH KJlaaK:! CTeB, T. e., OIJeBHa-
HO, rrpHHaaJIe>KaJIH BparaM, WTypMoB313LlIInl KperrocTb, HO
He60JlbWaH IJaCTb HX, HaHaeHHaH B K.la;10BbIX, HCrrOJIb30Ba-
JlaCb, OIJeBHaHO, 3alll.HTHHKaMH KpenOCrl-!.
EaHHHIJHble HaXO,fl,KH CTpeJI BToporo Tlma 6bIJlI-! caeJIa-
Hb! B pa3JIH1JHbIX rraMHTHHKax 3aKaBKa3bH. B MI-!Hre'laype
(N'!! 3), cyaH rro rry6.'lHKaUHH, OHI-! COCTaB:JH.1H BeCbMa He-
3HaIJHTeJIbHbIH rrpoueHT [HoHe, 1953, c. 81. Ta6J1. I); B Ho-
2 iloD.06l1a51 <popMa rOJlOBKH lIaH60nee xap8KTrpH8 ,'J.Jl51 TaKHX ap'
xal14eCKIIX KOMnJleKCOB, KaK EII;J.>Ka, D.aTllp\ lbJX \'11 B. ,10 II. 3., lIa
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HbIX .7' 10 " 0
10) OT,1eJIbHbIe 3K3eMIlJI5IpbI 06HapY)KeHbI B )KHOH ce-
THH' (N 64) [TexoB, 1971, N 7, pHC. 77] H Ha TeppHTopHII
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lJaHHO Hail,ll.CHO 13 paHoHe AXaJlu.Hxe (N2 52); 60JIbWHHCTBO
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pOM Ha BTYJIKe; ,lI.Ba 3K3eMrrJI51pa, Ha060pOT, IIaCTOJIbKO
CrJla)KeHbI, lJTO HarrOMHHalOT KOCT5IHble.
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lJalOTC51 BeCbMa pe,ll.KO (Ta6JI. VI, 9) H BCer,ll.a 13MeCTe C
6pOH30BbIMH. no <popMe OHH 6JI'H3KH 6pOH30BblM C ,lI.JIHH-
HOH BTYJIKOii H OBaJIbHOH rOJIOBKOH. JIHWb O,ll.HH H3 )KeJIe3-
HblX HaKOHClJHHKOB KYJIaHypXBHHCKoro MOrHJIi;>HHKa HMeeT
pOM6HlJeCKHC OlJepTaHH51, lJeM HarrOMHHaeT HaKOHelJHHK H3
KOMnJICKCa VII-VI BB. Y U.YKYP-JIHMaHa Ha TaMaHcKoM
rrOJIYOCTp013C[npyweBcKa51, 1917, c. 57, pHC. 18).
OlJCHh pe,ll.KO BCTpelJaIOTC51 ,lI.BYXJIOrraCTHble CTpCJIbl C
rrO,ll.TpeyrOJlbHblMH OlJepTaHH51MH rOJIOBKH. O,ll.Ha H3BeCTHa
13 MOrHJlbllHKe rpMaxeBHcTaBH {rpMa4eBHcTaBH, 1980,
Ta6JI. IX, 132], O,ll.Ha - 13 MOrHJIbHHKe raHTHa,ll.H (N2 48),
'J,lI.Ha - B MOrHJIbHHKe rOMapeTH (N251).
no cpOpMC 3T 'CTpeJIbl rrpH6JIH)KaIOTC51 K BbI,lI.eJICHHOMY
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0T.'lHlJaIOTC5J lie CKOWCHHbIMH, a rrp51MblMH OKOHlJaHH5JMH rre-
pa. CTpeJlbl 3TH OTHOC51TC51 K HaH60JIce ,lI.peBHeH rpyrrrrc
CKHcpCKHX CTpCJI [MCJIIOKOBa, 1964, c. 18], HO H 13 CKH<pHH,
KaK 110,ll.lJepKHBacT A. 11. MCJlIOKoRa. OHH OlJeHb pe,ll.KH.
BCTpelJalOTC51 T'aK)Ke e,ll.HHHlJHble HaXO,ll.KH CTpCJI ellJ,e
60JIee pe:lKHX THrrOB. TaKoBa, HarrpHMep, CTpeJIa H3 norpe-
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VII,VI 1313. H3BeCTHbl, HO 13 OlJeHb Hc60JIbillOM KOJIHlJeCT-
Be H B HeMHorHX rraM51THHKax [MCJIIOKOBa, 1964, c. 18;
CMlpHoB. 1961, c. 42). KaK nO,ll.lJepKHBaJI K. <1>. CMHpHOB,
no:!o6l1bl(' CTpCJIbi 60JICC xapaKTcpHbI ,lI.JI51 BOCTOlJHbIX paRo-
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1979; MC,lI.Be,ll.CKa51, 1980]). 3HalJHTeJIbHO MeHbwe ,lI.BYXJIO-
I1aCTHbIX CTpeJI II3BeCTHO B rraM51THHKax, pacrrOJIO)KCHHbIX
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KHX CTpeJI eCTb y aHTHKBapHeB TerepaHa [Cleuziou, 1979,
c. 191). Pe,ll.KOCTb apXaHlJeCKHX BTYJIblJaTbiX CTpeJI 13 I1pa-
He 3a lJaCTYIO paCCMaTpHBaeTC51, B ttaCTHOCTH, KaK no)].-
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BblC 3aHeceHbl Ha DJIH)KHHH BOCTOK ellJ,e KHMMep,H!IU.aMH
H nOTOMY rr051BHJIHCb paHbwe HMeHHO B 3ana,ll.HOH lJaCTH
f1ep c .LI. HeR A3HH [Sulimirski, 1954; Me)J.Be,ll.CKa51, 1980,
c. 33). ApXaHlJeCKHe CTpeJIbi CKH<pcKoro THna ,lI.OBOJIbHO WH-
pOKO rrpe,ll.CTaBJIeHbl TaK)Ke B ypapTcKHX u.eHTpax, pacno-
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Jla:talOT KpyrrHble ,lI.BYXJIorraCTHbie HaKOHClJHHKH, lJaCTO C
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CTpeJIbi C OBaJIbHblMH 04epTaHHHMH rOJIOBOK rrOHBJIHIOTCH
O.!l.HOBpeMeHHo C .!I.ByxJlorracTHblMH [MeJIIOKOBa, 1964,
Ta6JI. 61 H 6b1TYIOT Ha rrpOTH)KeHHH BTOpOH rrOJIOBHHbI
VII-VI BB. .!I.O H. 3. (CM., HanpHMep, [I1JIbHHCKaH, M030-
JIeBCKHii, TepeHO)KKHH, 1980, pHC. 13]). K Ha4aJIY V B.
.!I.O H. 3. OHH rrpaKTH4eCKH BblXO.!l.HT H3 yrroTpe6JIeHHH, XO-
TH OT.!I.eJIbHble 3K3eMnJlHpbl nOna.!l.alOTCH H B 60JIee rr03.!1.HHX
Ha60pax (CMHpHOB, 1961, c. 45]. KaK H3BeCTHO, TpeXJlOna-
CTHbie CTpeJIbl .!I.OBOJlbHO WHpOKO pacrrpocTpaHeHbl B De-
pe.!l.Heii A3HH, B 4aCTHOCTli B I1paHe, O.!l.HaKO 3aKaBKa3CKHe
Ha\{OHe4HHKH pacc-MoTpeHHoro THrra B OCHOBHOM THrOTelOT
K ceBepHblM - eBpa3HiicKHM CTerrHblM - THrraM.
Bo BTOpoii THrr TpeXJlOnaCTHblx CTpeJI BKJII04eHbi 6pOH-
30Bble HaKOHe4HHKH C nO.!l.poM6H4ecKHMH HJIH rrO.!l.Tpey-
rOJlbHblMH (HO C .!I.OCTaT04HO oKpyrJIblM KOHTypOM) 04ep-
TaHHHMH nepa. CJle.!l.yeT cpa3Y )Ke oroBopHTbCH, 4TO Me)K-
.!I.y rrepBblM H BTOpblM THnaMH cYlll.ecTByeT oc06eHHo MHoro
rrepeXO.!l.HblX <pOpM.
CTpeJIbl 3Toro nma HeCKOJlbKO MeJIb4e CTpeJi C OBaJlb-
HblMH rOJlOBKaMH. LLJ1I1Ha HX KOJle6J1eTCH B npe.!l.eJIax2,8-
3,3 CM; 60JIee KpynHble 3K3eMrrJIHpbl BCTpe4alO.TCH pe.!l.KO;
TaKOBbl, HanpllMep, o.'I.Ha CTpeJIa H3 <PpaHKaHOu.a
(Ta6J1. VII, 17), O.lHa 113 ApMaBHpa (Ta6J1. VI II, 33), Ok
Ha H3 ApHH-6epJa (T30.1 V, 9) H HeKoTopble .!I.pyrHe. LI,e-
JIblii Ha60p .!I.OBO bHO KpyrrHblx CTpeJi npe.!l.CTaBJleH TOJlbKO
B neM3aWeHe, ue .1J1HHa CTpeJI onHCblBaeMoro THna rrpH-
6JIH)KaeTCH K 4 01. vI3peJ.Ka CTpeJlbl 3Toro THna cHa6)Ke-
Hbl WHnOM.
no naMHTHHKa\1 3aKaBKa3bH CTpe.llbl YKa3aHHoro TH-
na pacnpe.!l.eJlHIOTC51 B TaKOM COOTHoweHHH: KapMHp-
6JIYP - .!I.Be, ApIlH-6epIl. - 52, <PpaHKaHou. - 11, HepKHH-
rOpaTaH - TPH, f1C:V13aweH - \3, MHHreIJayp - ABe, ApMa-
I? 3aK. 524
fit>
-
, " " 5
<>- ...0.
20 21 t. 2
@
f.- t;.6.6
30 31
8
9
10
-<>.6.
32
33
Ta6J1. VI I I HaKOHe'lHHKH CTpeJl: 1-.16 - CaMTaBpo; 17-
ApTawaT; 18- I-1oeM6ep51H; 19 - foc. MY3eii ApMeHHH
(MecTO Ha:\O.\1\1I l!eH3BectHo); 20 - AprHwTHxHHHJlH; 21-
:i1 - OlllaKaH; 32, 33 - ApMa Blip. 5pOH3a
BHP - O.ll.Ha, OUlah3H - II, Ka'laraH -- O.ll.Ha, AXaJIlI.HXe-
O,'J.Ha, IO)KH351 OCeTH5I - OJI.Ha, XOBJIe - 10, AJIreTH - 01J.Ha.
Ope06JIa.1a10T CTpe.1bI C KOpOTKOH BTYJIKOH. TaKOBO rro-
JI.aBJIHIOIllee 60.1bllJHHCTBO apHH6eI1.l1.CKHX CTpeJI (Ta6JI. IV),
CTpeJIbI H3 K3pMllp-6JIypa, JI.Be H3 j'IepKHH-rOpaTaHa, O.ll.Ha
H3 OwaKaHa (Ta6.1. VIII, 26) H HeCKOJI!>KO 1-!3 neM3allIe-
Ha. .
qQ
CpaBHIITeJIbHO HeMHoro CTpe.tI HMelOT .lI.JlHHHYro BTYJlI<Y.
K HHM OTHOCIITCH 60JIbWIlHCTBO 3K3eMITJIHpOB 113 KOMITJIeK-
ca CTpeJI, HalrJ.eHHoro B OeM3aweHe. Bblwe Y)Ke OTMe'la-
]lOCb, 'ITO H rro pa3MepaM rreM3aweHCKHe CTpeJIbI rrpe.ll.CTaB-
JIHIOT C060H KOMrraKTHYIO rpyrrrry, HeCKOJIbKO OTJIH'IalOllI.YIO-
C5I OT OCTaJIbHblX CTpeJI 3Toro THrra. )].JIHHHaH BTYJIKa xa-
paKTepH3yeT O'leHb pe.ll.KHe H3 apHH6ep.ll.CKHX CTpeJI
(Ta6JI. VI, 3, 7, 9), 66JIbWYIO 'IaCTb CTpeJI OwaKaHcKoro
MorHllbHHKa (Ta6JI. VIII, 21, 24, 25, 27-31), e.ll.HHH'IHbIC
cTpeJ1bI ApMaBHpa H <l>paHKaHOll.a (Ta6JI. VIII, 33, VII,
15). .LlBa rrOCJIe.ll.HlfX 3K3eMrrJIHpa BeCbMa 6JIH3KH Me)K.lI.Y
c060fl H CXOJI.HbI C apHH6ep.ll.CKOH CTpeJIOH C .lI.JIHHHOH
BTYJIKOH.
npH paccMoTpeHHH CTpeJI noro THrra TaK)/{e BbI5lBJIHeT-
C5I orrpe.ll.eJIeHHa51 6JIH30CTb Me)K.lI.Y 3K3eMrrJIHpaMH O.ll.HOrO
KOMrrJIeKca.
CTpeJIbI OITHCbIBaeMoro THrra B OCHOBHOM COBrra.ll.alOT co
BTOpblM THITOM TpeXJIOrraCTHblx CKH<pCKHX CTpeJI, BbI.lI.eJIeH-
HbiM A. 11. MeJIIOKOBOH; B caBpoMaTcKHx rraMH'THHKax Ta-
'
<>- -& 6. b. AS 6. -6. 6-
7
.0. 6 D. 6. 6. 6. b. A
n " " " 5 416
b.. 6.6.b. 6 b.66.
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2S
a 2 J CM
. ..
TaG"l. IX. lIaKoHe'lHHKH CTpeJl. XOBJlerOpa (no Ii.. J1. Myc-
XeJlHWBllml). 5poH3a
r
5*
67
KHe ctpeJIbl BCTpeqaIOTC5I 3HaqHTeJIbHO pe)l{e. OLf,HaKO 3a-
KaBKa3CKHe 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl IIMelOT HeKOTOpble OTJIHqH5I, 3a-
KJIlOqalOllI.HeC5I npe.fK.!I.e BCerO B npe06JIa.!l.aHHH KOpOTKO;"1
BTYJIKH, B 60JIblllOH peJJ.KOCTH 60KOBOrO lllHna H BbleMOK Ha
JlOnaCT5IX.
3TO C6JIH:>KaeT HX He CTOJIbKO C npHQepHOMOpCKHM H,
CKOJIbKO - B OTJIHQHe OT CTpeJI nepBoro THna - C 60JIee
IO:>KHblMH, HpaHCKHMH <popMaMH. D. D. DHOTpOBCKHH cnpa-
BeLf,JIHBO YKa3b1BaJI B CBoe BpeM5I Ha CXO.!l.CTBO apHH6epLf,-
CKHX CTpeJI co CTpeJIaM H, 06HapY.fKeHHblMH B axeMeHHLf,-
CKOH Lf,epeBHe B CY3aX (DHOTpOBCKHH, 1959a, c. 241]; oco-
6eHHo 6JIH3KHe apHH6ep.!l.CKHM 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl CM. [Ghirsh-
man, 1954, Ta6JI. XLIII, 96:}a, 1174,964, Ta6JI. XLIV, 204.5,
2046, 2193). B orpoMHoM KOJIHQeCTBe nOLf,06Horo THna CTp -
JIbl 6b1.nH HaHLf,eHbl B COKpOBHllI.HHLle DepcenoJI5I [Schmidt,
1953). C. KJIe3HY CQHTaeT 3TOT THn CTpeJI oc06eHHo xa-
paKTepHblM .!I.JI5I Depe.!l.HeH A3HH H CB5I3bIBaeT ero lllHpO-
Koe pacnpocTpaHeHHe 3.!1.eCb C BJIH5IHHeM aXeMeHHLf,CKorO
I1paHa [Cleuziou, 1979, c. 194]. K TOMY .fKe 3aKJIIOQeHHIO
npHxoLf,HT 11. H. Me.!l.Be1iCKa51 [l980).
CKH<pcKHe CTpeJIbl 3Toro THna OTHOC5ITC5I B OCHOBHOM K
Vll-VI BB. .!I.o H. 3. [MeJIIOKOBa, 1964, c. 19), CTpeJIbi :>Ke
H3 CY3 - rJIaBHblM 06pa30M K nepBoMY H BTOpoMy CJI05lM,
KOTopble P. rHpwMaH .!I.aTHpOBaJI cOOTB TCTBeHHO Vll-
VI H VI-V BB. JlO H. 3. [Ghirshman, 1954, c. 31, 32). Do
MHeHHIO )].. CTpoHaxa., nepBblH CJIOH CY3 OTHOCHTC5I K KOH-
LlY Vll-V B. .!I.O H. 3. ([Stronach, 1974]; CM. TaK:>Ke [MeLf,-
Be.!l.CKa5l, 1980, c. 32)).
D. '0. DHOTpOBCKHH OTHOCHJI Ha60p apHH6epLf,CKHX
CTpeJI B LleJIOM K VI-V BB. Lf,0 H. 3. H CQHTaJI HX Opy:>KH-
eM BparOB, 06CTpeJIHBaBWHX LlHTa.!l.eJIb 3pe6YHH IDHOTpoB-
CKHH, 1959a, c. 241) M. A. I1cpaeJI5IH .!I.aTHpyeT 3TH .fKe
CTpeJIbl VI-IV BB. 1\0 H. 3. H CQHTaeT, QTO OHH npHHaLf,JIe-
.fKaJIH MeCTHOMY Hace.leHHIO, .fKHBweMY B 3pe6YHH nOCJIe
na.!l.eHH5I BaHcKoro uapCTBa [l1cpaeJI5IH, 1971, c. 132-
1331. I1cTopHQecKIi !30JMO.fKHbl 06a 06'b5lCHeHH5I. Bo BC5I-
KOM CJIYQae, Ol\e!3HJI.lIO 4TO Ha60pbl CTpeJI ApHH-6epLf,a H
KapMHp-6JIypa OTMI4aIOTC5I .!I.pyr OT .!I.pyra Lf,OCTaTOl\HO
l\eTKO, npHl\eM nepBblii 51BHO T5IrOTeeT K THnaM, xapaKTep-
HblM .!I.JI5I 06JIaCTeil CE'ACpHee KaBKa3a, a BTOpOH - K TeM,
KOTopble 06bll\Hbl ':1.111 lOiKHb!X, nepe.!l.Hea3HaTcKHx TeppHTo-
plli't. 3TO 06CT05lTe.lbCTBO HeCKOJIbKO 3aTpY.il.H5IeT YTOQHe-
H"I .!I.aTHpOBKH apHH6ep.!l.CKHX CTpeJI, TaK KaK B Depe.!l.HeH
A3HH, KaK HeO.!J.IlOKpaTflO OTMel\aJIOCb, <popMa BTYJIbl\aTbIX
CTpeJI .!I.OBOJIbHO KOficepBaTHBHa. Ho HeCOMlleHHO, 'ITO B
68
OCHOBHOM HX CJIenyeT naTHpOBaTb BpeMeHeM He paHee
VI B. Lf,0 H. 3.
HaKoHeLl, TpeXJIonaCTHble CTpeJIbI TpeTbero THna OT.'!II-
l\aIOTC5I aCHMMeTpll'lHbIM nO.!l.poM6H'IeCKHM O'lepTaHHeM ne-
pa C Lf,OBOJIbHO pe3Ko Bblpa.fKeHHbIMH yrJIaMH. Me)K.!I.y BTO-
pblM H TpeTbllM TllnOM TaK.fKe CYllI.eCTBYIOT nepeXO.!l.Hble
<popMbl, 'IeTKO KJIaCcH<pHLlllpoBaTb KOTopble He npeLf,CTaB-
JI5IeTC5I B03MO.fKHbIM (CM., HanpHMep, Ta6JI. VI, 1, 13). )].JIH-
Ha 3THX CTpeJI HeBeJIHKa, B OCHOBHOM B np.e.!l.eJIax 2-
3 CM, JIHWb HeKoTopble MHHre'laypcKHe HaKOHe'lHHKH
HMelOT .!I.JIHHY OKOJIO 3,5 CM.
CTpeJIbl 3Toro'THna B 3aKaBKa3be BCTpeQaIOTC5I 3Ha'lH-
TeJIbHO pe.fKe, 4eM CTpeJIbi nepBblX .lXBYX. OHH H3BeCTHbI
H3 CB5ITHJIII!l.(a MeJIaaHH B KaxeTHH, B MOrHJIbHHKaX Hep-
KHH-rOpaTaH II MHHre'laypCKOM. DJIH30K K HHM HaKOHeQHHK
H3 )].BaHCKoro MOrHJIbHHKa; oLf,Ha CTpeJIa, aHaJIOrHQHa51
MHHr 'IaypCKHM, HaH.!I.eHa B IO:>KHOH OceTHH.
DOJIbWHHCTBO CTpeJI 3Toro THna OTJIH'IaeTC5I .!I.JIHHHOll
BTYJIKOH, cHa6iKeHHoH lllHnOM. )].JI5I MHHreQaypCKHX HaKO-
He'lHHKOB 60JIee xapaKTepHa KOpOTKa5l, nJIaBHO CJIHBalO-
llI.a5lC5I C rOJIOBKoft BTYJIKa, 'IeM OHH 6JIH3KH HeKoT.opblM
apHH6ep.!l.CKHM (Ta6JI. V, 19, 25). CTpeJIbI 3Toro THna co-
cpeLf,oTO'leHbl B OCHOBHOM B BOCTo'lHOM 3a KaBKa3be.
DO.!l.pOM6H4ecKHe TpeXJIOnaCTHbie CTpeJIbl npe.!l.CTaBJIe-
Hbi Cpe.!l.H CKHcpCKHX Ha60poB Vll-VI BB. .!I.O H. 3., flO
BCTpe'laIOTC5I 3J.eCb pe.!l.KO (CM., HanpHMep, [MeJIIOKOBa,
1964, Ta6JI. 6, 0-13, JI-3, H-6)). .
DO.!l.06HbIe CTpe.lbl XOpOlliO H3BeCTHbl H B I1paHe, B oc-
HOBHOM B na 151THHK'aX VI-Ill BB..!I.O H. 3. [Ghirshm3n,
1954, Ta6JI. XVIII. 1; Ta6JI. XLIll). B nepBoM cJI.oe CY3
HaXO.!l.HJIaCb, B 'IaCTHQCTH, aCHMMeTpH'lHa51 CTpeJIa, Hano-
MHHalO!l.(a51 onllcaHHble 3aKaBKa3CKHe [Ghirshman, 1954,
Ta6JI. XLIll, //74). 3Lf,ecb .fKe, npeHMYllI.eCTBeHHO BO BTO-
pOM H TpeTbeM CJI05lX, COLf,ep.fKaJIHCb CTpeJIbl, aHaJIOrH'I-
Hble nO.J.pOMO!l4eCKHM MHHre'laypCKHM [Ghirshman, 1954,
Ta6JI. XLIV, 2047, 2103).
K 'IetBeproMY THny TpeXJIOnaCTHbix CTpeJI OTJlOC5ITC5I
HaKOHel\HHKH C TpeyrOJIbHblMH O'lepTaHH5I H rOJIOUKJ! II
np5lMbiMli ropH30HTaJIbHblMH OKOH'IaHH5IMH KpbIJIbeB, B oc-
HOBHOM cooTBeTCTBYlOllI.He TpeTbeMY THny Tpex.10nacTHblx
CTpeJI no KJIaCcH<pIIKaLlHH A. 11. MeJIIOKOBoH. HaMil pac-
cMoTpeHo OKO.l0 30 TaKHX CTpeJI. OHH OTJIH'IaIOTC5I HeCTa-
6HJIbHOH J.JIIHIOH nepa - OT 2 JIO 4 CM - H BTYJIKH.
DOJ.06HbIC cTpe.lbl 6bIJIH HaH,lI.eHbl CpeJIH npO'lHX B MO-
rHJIbHHKe HepKHH-fopaTaH. B He60JIblllOM 'IJlCJIe OHH
69
npeJI.CTaBJIeHhI TaK}!{e B 11.)Kpa paTe, AXaJIIi.Hxe, B kpeOOCTH
fpaMrra (Ta6JI. VI, 15), TM6a.ll.Hpe, K06eTH, B KeJI.a6eK-
CKOM MOrHJIbHHKe (Ta6JI. VI, 31, 32), B MaJIOM KypraHe B
MHJIbCKOH CTerrH [l1ecceH, 1965, pHC. 12, 2], Ha rrOCeJIeHH:1
CapbI-Terre, B rrorpe6eHHH LI.HuaMypH BMeCTe co CTpeJIo.H
CJI eJI.Y 10 llJ,ero , rrHToro THrra, B MOrHJIbHHKe AKHep. CJIy,;aH-
HbIe HaXOJI.Kli 6bIJIH CJI.eJIaHbl TaK)j(e B Ka3axcKoM paHoHe
A3CCP. OTJIlillaIOllJ,aHCH OT Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX CHJIbHO BbIT -
HYTaH CTpeJIa C OlleHb Y3KHM rrepoM H IlIHrrOM 6bIJIa HaH-
JI.eHa B norpe6eHHH B AJIa3aHCKoif .lI.OJIliHe [MaMaHIlIBHJIH,
1980, Ta6JI. XXX, 6].
CTpeJIbi C KOpOTKHMH BTYJIKaMH H3 lIHCJIa orrHcaHHbIX
BbIllie xapaKTepHbI rro npeHMyrn.eCTBY .lI.JIH BOCTOllHbIX 06-
JIaCTeH 3aKaBKa3bH - 3TO CTpeJIbl H3 CapbI-Terre H CJIY-
lIaHHbIe HaXOJI.Kli B TOM)Ke Ka3aXCKOM li npHJIeraIOllJ,eM
lllaMxopcKOM pallOHax. BOJIbIlIHe Ha60pbI TaKHX CTpeJI n
3aKaBKa3be nOKa He 06HapY)KeHbl, B OJI.HOM rraMHTHHKe
OHH rrpe.n.CTaBJIeHbI 06bIlIHO B 04eHb He3HallHTeJIbHOM KOJIH-
lIeCTBe - O.n.HH-TPli 3K3eMrrJIHpa.
Do.n.06HbIe CTpeJIbI OTHOCHTCH K .n.OCTaTOllHO paHHHM
<popMaM, o.n.HaKO, KaK OTMe4aeT A. 11. MeJIIOKOBa, B rra-
MHTHHKax KOHua VII B. OHH OTCYTCTBYIOT, pacnpOCTpaHH-
JIHCb JIHIlIb C HallaJIa VI B. .lI.O H. 3. H B OCHOBHOM xapaK-
TepHbI JI.JIH VI-V BB. JI.O H. 3. [MCJIIOKOBa, 1964, c. 19, 21].
JtI3BecTHbI rrOJI.06Hble CTpeJIbI H B Depe.n.Hell A3HH (CM.
rro.n.p06HO (Cleuziou, 1979]), rrpeHMyrn.eCTBeHHo B KOMrrJIeK-
cax VII-VI BB. JI.O H. 3., HO 3.l1.eCb OHH BCTpellaIOTCH CTOJIb
)Ke 3rrH30JI.lilleCKH, KaK B 3aKaBKa3be, H rrpe.n.rrOJIaraTb rre-
pe.n.Hea3liaTCKoe rrpOHCXO)K.lI.eHHe noro THrra 3ilKaBKa3CKHX
BTYJIbllaTbIX CTpeJI OCHOBaHHH HeT.
K rrHTOMY THrry OTHOCHTCH npeJIbI C TpeyrOJIbHbIMH
OllepTaHHHMH rOJIOBKH, 3aOCTpeHHbIMH, orrYCKaIOrn.HMliCH
BHH3 KOHUaMH rrepbeB H He60.1JbWOH BTYJIKOH, T. e. B OC-
HOBHOM COOTBeTCTBYIOrn.He 4eTBE'pTOMY THrry, a TaK)Ke ceJI.b-
MOMY H BOCbMOMY BapHaHTaM TpeTbcro THrra TpeXJIOrraCT-
HbiX CKli<pCKHX CTpeJl rro K.laCC/H!HiKauHH A.' H. MeJlIOKO-
BOll.
EJI.HHH4Hble HaXO.ll.KH rr(U06HbIX CTpeJl C.lI.eJlaHbI B MO-
rHJlbHHKe HepKHH-fopaTaH, HeCKO.lbKO 3K3eMrrJlHpOB npe.ll.-
CTaBJleHO B KOJl.leKUHH KapMHpo.1YPCKHX CTpeJl (Ta6J1. III,
6, 11. 12), rro O;J.HOMY - B A.133aHcKoH JI.OJlHHe (Ca.ll.yra)
H B AKHepe, HeCKOJlbKO - B K3pce (-rp6J1. VI, 17, 18, 24).
OCHoBHaH Macca 3THX CTpe.'1 COCpC.1o)UlIeHa B MHHre4ay-
pe, rJI.e HX 6blJlO 06uapY)I\eHo. Cy.1H rro ,TJ.aHHbIM, rrpHBe.ll.eH-
HblM B CTaTbe r. H. HOHe [1%3), HeCKOJlbKO COT. TaKHM
70
06pa30M, OHH, KaK H CTpeJIbl 4eTBep oro nma, HaH60JIee
06HJIbHO rrpeJI.CTaBJleHbI B BOCT04HOM 3aKaBKa3be; B 3arraJI.-
HbiX )Ke paHOHax HX Bo06rn.e HeT.
B CKH<pHH oCHoBHaH Macca CTpeJI C orrYllJ,eHHbIMH
KpbIJIbHMH JI.aTHpyeTcH V-IV BB. JI.O H. 3., XOTH B He3Ha-
lIHTeJlbHOM lIliCJIe OHli BCTpellaIOTCH H B rrpeJI.IlIeCTBYIOllJ,YIO
3noxy (CM., HarrpHMep, [MeJIIOKOBa, 1964, Ta6JJ. 6, H-7.
0-22, Ta6J1. 7, r-5, 6, £-10]. B DepeJI.HeH A3HH CTpeJlbI
TaKoro THna TaK)Ke H3BeCTHbI, HO B OCHOBHOM B 60Jlee
paHHHx rraMHTHHKax. C. KJle3HY, CneUHaJlbHO OCTaHOBHB-
llIHHCH Ha 3TOM Borrpoce, oc060 rroJI.lIepKHBaeT pa3HHLlY B
XpOHOJlOrlili pacrrppcTpaHeHHH nOJI.06HbIX CTpeJl B Dplillep-
HOMopbe H B DepeJI.Heti A3HH [Cleuziou, 1979, c. 193]. 0.11.-
HaKO B He3HallHTeJlbHOM KOJlHlIeCTBe TaKHe CTpeJlbI B De-
peJI.HeH A3lili 3a<pHKcHpoBaHbI H B rraMHTHHKax VI-V BB.
JI.O H. 3. (CM. rro.aP06HO [Sulimirski, 1954]). HCKJIIOlIeHHe
B 3TOM OTHOIlIeHHH COCTaBJIHeT HpaH, rJI.e, KaK rrOJI.lIepKH-
BaeT III. H. MeJI.Be.ll.CKaH [1980, c. 33], CTpeJlbI'c orry'llJ,eR-
HblMH H 3aocTpeHHbIMH KOHuaMH JlOrraCTell rrpaKTHlIecKli
Bo06llJ,e He rrOJlY4HJlH pacrrpOCTpaHeHHH.' H3pe.n.Ka BCTpe-
lIaIOTCH rrOJI.06HbIe CTpe.1bI B KpenOCTHX, pacrrOJlO)KeHHbIX B
UeHTpaJlbHOH lIaCTli YpapTY.
TpexrpaHHbIe H 4eTbIpexrpaHHbie CTpeJlbI TaK)Ke H3Be-
CTHbI B 3aKaBKa3be, HO 4HCJIO HX BeCbMa HeBeJIHKO.
TpexcpaHHbte CTpeAbl pa3.l1.eJlHIOTCH Ha JI.Ba THrra - C
OBaJlbHblMli H TpeyroJlbHbIMH rOJlOBKaMH.
CTpeJlbI C OBaJlbHblM H rOJlOBKaMH, B OCHOBHOM COOT-
BeTCTBYIOllJ,lie rrepBOMY Tlmy TpexrpaHHblX CTpeJl DpHlIep-
HOMOpCKOH CKH<pHH, B He3Ha'lHTeJlbHOM KOJlHlIeCTBe BCTpe-
lIaIOTCH Cpe.ll.H Ha60pOB CTpeJl KapMHp-6JIypa (Ta6J1. III,
1, 4, 7)., ApHH-6ep.ll.a (Ta6J1. IV, 3, 9), r.ll.e HeKoTopbIe H3
HHX HMeIOT THrrH411ble Bo06rn.e .lI.JlH apHH6epJI.CKOrO KOMrr-
JleKCa YKopOlleHHble \1.1\1 rrOJlHOCTbIO CKpbITbIe BTYJlKH,'li
XOBJle (Ta6J1. IX, 22). 1l.'1HHa HaKOHellHHKOB B cpeJI.HeM
OKOJlO 3,5 CM.
B CKH<pCKOM BOOpY)I\CHHIl rrO,TJ.06HbIe CTpeJlbl rrOHBJlHIOT-
CH B He60JlbIlIOM 4I1C.1(' ern.e B KOHLle VII-VI BB. JI.O H. 3.
Up0JI.OJl)KaIOT OB\I 6bITOBaTb H Ha rrpOTH)KeHHli VI-
V BB. .lI.O H. 3., HO. KaK rrO.ll.lIepKHBaeT A. H. MeJlIOKOBa
[19641. HHKorJI.a lie 6bl133IOT rocrrOJ.CTBYIOrn.HMH B Ha60pax.
K Cepe.ll.HHe V B. OHIf 3.1eCb BbIXO.1HT' H3yrrOTpe6J1eHHH.
B caBpoMaTcKoM 0pY/KIfII OHH rrOHBJlHIOTCH HeCKOJli:>KO rr03-
)Ke, lIeM B CKH<PCKO\1.
TpexrpaHHbIe CTpC.11,i C Tpeyro.1bHoH HJIH CBO,TJ.'1aTOH ro-
,fIOBKOJ1 H KOpOTKOfl BT\.ll\OH TaK/Ke BCTpe4aIOTcH qrrH30-
71
' 2
1 2 3 " 5 6 7 8 9 10
& &
CDDDD COC'C
11 12 13 71, 15 15 1" 15 19
& &
D CD CDCOC
20 21 22 L'3 2, ;'S 26 27
o 2 Jr"1
I .
&&&
ooocc
28 29 30 31 32
C DD
333ft 35
Ta6J1. X. HaKollc'llIllhl1 CTpeJl: 1-10 - M04p!WH-rO-
pa (no K. H. nHlI.XCJlaYPH); 11-35 - Ca.llyra (no
H. M. MaMaHUlBIIJIH). 1-1O-6poH3a, 11-35-
KOCTb
nH4eCKH. K HHM OTHOCHTCH HeCKonbKO 3K3eMnnHpoB cTpen
H3 KapMHp-6nypa (Tau:!. 111,8), ApHH-6ep.1a (Ta6n. V,
16, 17), HopaweHa, Ilpl1MepHo rronOBHHa Bcex cTpen, HaH-
neHHbIX B cnOHX IloceneHHH XOBne (Ta6n. IX, 20-25).
LI.nHHa 3THX cTpen B Cpell.HeM OT 3 .10 5 CM, HeCKonbKO
Men!:4C KapMHp6nypCKIIC 3K3eMnnHpbI.
1 CKHCPHH nO,lI.06HbIe HaKOHe4HHKH xapaKTepHbI B OCHOB-
HOM ,lI.JlH KOHLI.a VI-IV RB. ,lI.0 H. 3. OpHMepHO B TO:>Ke
BpeM5I OHH B He60nblllU 4HCJje BCTpe4alOTCH B Depe,Lmei1
A3HH.
72
#
tJerbtpeX2pa1Ulbte crpeJibt HMelOT B 3aKaBKa3be .lI.OBoJih-
HO 4eTKYlO nOKanH3aLI.HIO - OHH COCpe.ll.OT04eHbI B OCHOB-
HOM B naMHTHHKax KaxeTlU! (Ta6n. X, 11-35).
B CKHCPIiH 4eTblpexrpaHHbIe cTpenbI - KOCTHHbIe, 6pOH-
30Bble, HHor.ll.a :>Kene3HbIe - pe.ll.KH. DpOH30Bbie HaKOHe4-
HHKH H3BeCTHbI Ha4HHaH eVIl B. .lI.O H. 3. LI.nH IV-III BB.
oc06eHHo xapaKTepHbI HaKOHe4HHKH C np5lMbIMH rpaHHMH
H onyw.eHHblMH BHH3 WHnaMH {CMHpHOB, 1961, c. 59).
K. <1>. CMHpHOB rrO.ll.4epKliBan cpaKT rrpe06na.ll.aHHH nO.ll.06-
_ HbiX cTpen B LI.eHTpanbHblx II BOCT04H X paHoHax CeBep-
Horo KaBKa3a H CBH3b1Ban HX npOHCXO:>K.lI.eHHe C IOrOM Bo-
CT04HOH EBporrbl.
B He3Ha41ITenbHOM KonH4eCTBe
nbl C onYlll.eHHbIMH BHH3 KOHLI.aMH
BTynKaMH BCTpe4eHbI B Depe.ll.HeH
C. Kne3HY).
4pe3BbI4ariHO pe.ll.KO BCTpe4eHbI B 3aKaBKa3be nYJleBu8-
Hbte CrpeJlbt, rrpe.ll.CTaBneHHble rnaBHblM 06pa30M Ha Tep-
pHTOpHH KaXeTliH, r.ll.e H3BeCTHbi H 6pOH30Bble, H KOCTH-
Hble 3K3eMn.'151pbl. .
3aBepwa51 0630p HaXO.ll.OK BTynb4aTbix CTpen Ha TeppH-
TOpHH 3aKaBKa3b5l, Cne.ll.yeT OTMeTHTb, 4TO cTpenbl, xapaK-
TepH3YIOlll.HeCH rrO.ll.06HbiM cnoc060M KpenneHHH Ha .lI.peBKe,
He pa3BHnHCb 3,l1.eCb caMOCTOHTenbHO, a nOHBHnHCb 6na-
rOnapH conpIIKOCHOBeHHIO MeCTHoro HaCeneHH5I C HHoKynb-
TY HOH TpaJ.HLI.HeH. 06 3TOM CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBYIOT H HX 51BHaH
6nH30cTb K CKHCPCKHM cTpenaM, H 6eccnopHoe OTCYTcTBHe
B HCCne,ll.yeMoM perHoHe HX THrrOnOrH4eCKHX npeJI.WeCTBeH-
HHKOB, B CTen5lX JI.OCTOBepHo BbIHBnHeMbIX, H BpeMH nOHB-
neHH5I rrO.ll.06HbIX CTpen B 3aKaBKa3be, H, HaKOHeLI., cnY4aH
HX C04eTaHH5I 311.eCb C .lI.PYrHMH rrpe.ll.MeTaMH, rrpHHaJI.ne:>Ka-
W.HMIi K apxaH4ecKoH CKHCPCKOH MaTepHanbHoH KynbType.
EBpa3HHcKoe npOHCXO:>KlI.eHHe BTynb4aTbix CTpen. B Ha-
CT05llll.ee Bpe H He Bbl3blBaeT COMHeHHH. B CBoe BpeMH crre-
LI.HanIICTbI 6e30rOBop04HO YTBep:>KlI.anH 3TO OTHOCIlTe.T1bHO
.lI.ByxnorracTHbIX CTpen, 4TO :>Ke KaCaeTC5I TpexnonaCTHbIX,
1I.0nYCKaJlaCb BepOHTHOCTb nepeJ.Hea3HaTCKoro, B 4aCTHOCTH
HpaHCKoro, IIX npOHCXO:>KlI.eHHH [CMHpHOB, 1961, c. 44; Me-
nIOKOBa, 1964, c. 18). 01l.HaKO nOCJle.ll.HHe HCCne,lI.OBaHH5I
rrOKa3aJl H HeOCHOBa TenbHOCTb norD n pell.nOnO:>KeHH5I [ABa-
HeCOBa, 1975; MeJ.Bell.cKa5l, 1980). TeM He MeHee 04eBH;1,-
HO, 4TO B Ylpai-Ie Ha4HHaH C MHlI.HHCKOro BpeMeHH.lnY.iJh'la-
TbIe CTpenbI CKIICPCKHX THrrOB CTanH OCHOBHblM II; oc0601l-
110 WHpOKO OHH Hcrronb30BanliCb B aXeMeHHJI.CKHrl nepIIO.J..
feorpaq)li4ecKoe nonOlKeHHe 3aKaBKa3b51 MelK;1Y eBpa-
4eTblpexrpaHHbie CTpe-
rpaHeH H CKpblTblMH
A3HH (THn H-20 - no
73
,
:mHCKHMH CTenHMH H Oepe.!l.Heii A3Hei%, erO .11octAtollHO
TeCHaH CI3513b KaK C MH.!I.HClcKHM, . TaK H C aXeMeHH.!I.CKIIM
I1paHoM .!I.OnYCKalOT B03MO)KHOCTb npOHHKHOBeHHH CIO.!I.a
BTYJlblJaTbIX CTpeJl KaK C CeI3epa, TaK H C IOra, H 3TO 06-
CT05lTeJlbCTBO HeJjb3H He YlJHTbIBaTb npH OCMbiCJleHIIH ne-
pelJHc.'!eHHbIX HaXO.!l.OK, B TOM lJHc.iIe npH onpe.!l.eJIeHHH IIX
XpOHOJlOrHH.
KaK Y)Ke 6biJlO OTMelleHO B HallaJIe rJIaBbi, TOllHaH .!I.a-
THpOBKa 3aKaBKa3CKHX naMHTHHKOB Ha OCHOBaHHH HaXO.!l.OK
CKHcpCKHX CTpeJl, THnOJlOrHH H XpOHOJIOrHH KOTOpbiX pa3pa-
60TaHa CTOJlb nO.!l.P06HO, OCJlO)KHHeTC5I 51BHbiM npe06J1a.!l.a-
HHeM e.!l.HHHlIHbiX HaXO.!l.OK Ha.!l. 60JIee HJIH MeHee npe.!l.CTa-
BHTe.'!bHbIMH Ha60paMH. Ee3YCJlOBHO, HaXO.!l.Ka TaKHX CTpeJl
.!I.aeT npe)K.!I.e Bcero terminus post quem .n.JIH co.n.ep)KaBWHX
HX naMHTHHKOB, HO .!I.JlH 60Jlee Y3KOH .!I.aTHpOBKH He06xo-
)l.HMa KOOp.!l.HHauHH co BceM KOMnJIeKCOM.
AHaJlH3, nycTb .!I.a)Ke He HClIepnbiBalOllI.HCI, OCHOBHoCi
MaCCbl 06HapY)KeHHbIX B 3aKaBKa3be CTpeJI n03BOJlHeT
C.!I.eJlaTb Koe-KaKHe 3aKJlIOlIeHHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO reorpacpIIH
HX pacnpOCTpaHeHHH, a HHor.n.a - 0 COOTHoweHIIH pa3J11111-
HbiX THnOB CTpeJI B OT.!I.eJlbHbIX naM5ITlHIKax.
llBYXJlOnaCTHbie CTpeJIbI, HaCl.n.eHHbie Ha TeppHTopHH
3aKaBKa3bH, npaKTHlIeCKH He OTJjHlIaIOTC5I OT nO.!l.06HbiX
CTpe.'! DpHlIepHOMopCKOCI CKHcpHH. Co.n.ep)KaBWHe HX na-
MHTHHKH, 3a OlleHb pe.!l.KHMH HCKJllOlIeHHHMH, XopOWO YKJ1a-
.!I.b!I3afOTCH B npe.!l.eJIbi VII-VI BB. .11.0 H. 3. DO-BH.!I.HMOMY,
HMeHIIO B 3TOT nepHO.!l. OHa npOHHKalOT B 3aKaBKa3be C
ceBepa. CTpeJibI HaH60JIee apxaHlIHoro THna - C .!I.JIHHHOH
BTYJlKOCI H pOM6HlIeCKOH rOJIoBKoCl, .n.OBOJIbHO KpynHble-
H3BeCTHbi nOKa TOJIbKO H3 MOrHJIbHHKOB. EOJIee IOTa KHX
cTpe HaH.!I.eHO B norpe6eHHHX CaMTaBpCKoro MOrHJIbHHKa.
Ho KaK B CaMTaBpCKOM, TaK H B KYJIaHypxBHHCKOM MO-
rHJlbHHKe nO.!l.06Hble CTpeJibI COlleTalOTCH C TpeXJIOnaCTHbIMH.
O.lHaKo B HeKoTopblX UHKJIOnHlIeCKHx KpenoCTHx Ceo
BeplIOrl ApMeltHH HaXO.!l.KH, npaB.!I.a e.!l.HHHlIHbIe, .!I.BYXJIOna.
CTHblX II TpeXJIOnaCTHbIx CTpeJI' 6bIJIH C.!I.eJIaHbI H B CJlOHX
HeCKO.lbKO 60JIee n03.!1.HHx, .!I.aTHpOBaHHbIx Ha OCHOBaHIH!
MeCTHblX MaTepHaJIOB. TaK, .!I.BYXJIOnaCTHbIe H TpeXJIOnaCT-
Hble CTpeJibI 6bIJIH HaCl.!l.eHbI B HopallIeHcKoCi KpenocTH B
CJ10C VI-IV BB. .!I.O H. 3., .!I.BYXJIOnaCTHaH CTpeJia HaXO.1H-
JIaCb H c.'!oe VI-V BB. KpenOCTH ACTXH-6J1YP, nepHO.!l.OM
VI- IV BB. .!I.O H. 3. .!I.aTHpOBaH TaK)Ke HHBeHTapb KaMeHHO-
ra HWHKa B ll)KpapaTe, BKJIlOlIalOrn.HCI r 9 .!1.HY .!I.BYXJ10naCT'
IIYFO II .!I.Be TpeXJIOnaCTHbIe CTpeJIbi. ,
CKOHueHTpHpOBaHbl ABYXJIOnaCTHbie CTpeJibI rJIaBHblM
74
oopa30M B ueHTpaJIbHbIX paHOHax 3aKaBKa3bH, r.!l.e OHIt
JlYliwe Bcero npe.!l.CTaBJIeHbI B KapMHp-6JIype H CaMTaBp-
CKOM MOrHJIbHHKe. B BOCTOllHbIX paHOHax, 3a HCKJIIOlleHH-
eM AnwepoHa, OHH Bo06ll1.e nOKa HeH3BeCTHbi. EJIH3Klle no
cpopMe CTpeJibi BCTpellaJIHCb TaK)Ke B naMHTHHKax ueHT-
paJIbHoCi lIaCTH YpapTY.
llBYXJIOnaCTHbIe CTpeJi bI OC060H cpOpM bI, He HMelOllI.eH
npHMbIX aHaJIorHCI 3a npe.!l.eJIaMH 3aKaBKa3bH, - C AJIHH-
Hoil Y3KOH rOJIOBKOH, nOCTeneHHO CJIHBalOllI.eikH co BTYJI-
KOIl, - BCTpelialOTcH (npaB.!I.a, e.n.HHHlIHblMH 3K3eMn.1J5Ipa-
MH) B TaKHX naMHTHHKax, KaK HopaweH, ACTXH-6J1YP, Ap-
rHWTHXHHHJIH, ApHH-6ep.!l., <l>paHKaHou. MO)KHO npe.!l.no-
JlO)KIITb, liTO 3TO IO)KH03aKaBKa3CKHH BapHaHT BTYJlblla-
TbiX CTpeJI, xapaKTepHbiH B OCHOBHOM .!I.JIH VI B. .!I.O H. 3.
TpexJIonaCTHbie CTpeJIbI BCTpellalOTCH B 3aKaBKa3be
3HallHTeJIbHO lIarn.e H npHHa.n.JIe)KaT pa3HblM THnaM, pa3-
JlHlIalOllI.HMCH KaK no reorpacpHH pacnpOCTpaHeHH5I, TaK It
no XpOHOJIOfHH. EOJIbllIHe HaoopbI TpeXJIOnaCTHblX CTpeJI
COCpe.!l.OTOlleHbl B KapMHp-6JIype, ApHH-oep.!l.e H MHHrella-
YPCKOM MOrHJIbHHKe, HO no THny. CTpeJI nepellHCJ1eHHble
naMHTHHKH OTJIHlIalOTCH .!I.pyr OT .n.pyra.
HeCMOTpH Ha oOlll.ee CXO.n.CTBO CO CKHcpo-caBpOMaTCKH-
MH TpeXJIOnaCTHbIMH CTpeJIaMH, lIaCTb 3aKaBKa3CKHX CTpeJI
3Toro OT.!I.eJIa OTJ1HlIaeTCH HeKOTopblMH OTMelleHHbIMII BbI-
we AeTaJIHMH, KOTopbie n03BOJIHIOT npe.!l.nOJ1araTb J1H60 HX
MeCTHoe npOH3BO.!l.CTBO, JIH60 BJIHHHHe Ha HX CPOPMY He
TOJIbKO DpHliepHOMopCKOH CKHcpHH, HO H KaKOH-TO HHOH
Tpan.HuHH, JIH60 H TO, H .n.pyroe BMeCTe. HeKOTopbIC 113 HHX
HMeIOT, Ha Haw B3r miA, IO)KHOe npOHCXO)K.!I.eHHe II nOHBH-
JlHCb 3Aecb B pe3YJIbTaTe KOHTaKTOB 3aKaBKa3bH C MII.!I.HH-
CKHM H axeMeHHACKHM I1paHoM. Y)Ke 3TO onpe.!l.eJ1HeT HX
;l,aTHpOBKY BpeMeHeM He paHee VI B. .!I.O H. 3. Cy.1H nO
XpOHOJIOrHH con.ep)KaBWIIX IIX 3aKaBKa3CKHX naMHTlIIIKOB,
HMeHHO Ha VI B. AO H. 3. Ii: npHXOAHTCH Bpe H cywecTBo-
BaHHH 3TIIX CTpeJi B 3aKaBKa3be. reorpacpHlJeCKHH IIX ape-
an orpaHHlIeH B OCHOBHOM IO)KHbIMH paHOHaMIi UCHTpaJIb-
Horo 3aKaBKa3bH.
DO-BHIWMOMY, TOJIbKO B VI B. pacnpocTpaHHfOTcH B
3a KaBKa3be H TpeXJ10naCTHbIe CTpeJIbI C pOM6I1lJf>CKIIM ne-
pOM, npe06JIa.!l.alOllI.He B naMHTHIIKax BOCTOlJHOra 3aKaB-
Ka3bH H TaK)Ke THrOTelOllI.lle K Depe.!l.HeH A3HH.
4TO KacaeTCH CTpeJi C Tpeyro.lbHbIMIi rOJIOBKaM!! H npH-
Mbl'JH OKOHlIaHHHMH KpbIJIbeB, TO. CY.!I.H no TilKH\! na HT-
HIIKaM, KaK Ma.lblH KypraH B M!!JIbCKoii CTena II Ka\1eH-
HblH HllI.lIK N2 48 Ke.n.a6eKcKoro MOrHJIbHIIKa, OHH nOHBJ1H-
75
10TCH B BOCTOlJHOM 3aKaBKa3be elll.e B KOHLle VII B.
,l1.0 H.3., HO npO,l1.0JDKaIOT BCTpelJaTbCH Ha npOTH)I{eHHH
VI B. (CM., HanpHMep, HaXO,l1.KY TaKoH CTpeJIbI B KpenocTH
TM 6a,l1.Hp).
CTpeJIbl C onYllI.eHHblMH H 3aocTpeHHblMH nepbHMH H
THnOJIOrHlJeCKH, H XpOHOJIOrHlJeCKH 6JIH3KH CKH<pCKHM. .LI.a-
Ta cO,l1.ep)l{aBIllHX HX 3aKaBKa3CKHX naMHTHHKOB YK.1Ja,l1.bIBa-
eTCH B paMKH VI-IV BB., HO npe06JIa,l1.alOT 3,l1.eCb MaTe-
pHaJIbl V-IV BB. ,l1.0 H. 3. OCTaJIbHble TpeXJIOnaCTHble CTpe-
JIbl, HaH,l1.eHHble B 3aKaBKa3be, ,l1.aTHpYIOTCH TaK)I{e B COOT-
BeTCTBHH CO CKH<pCKHMH.
4eTblpexrpaHHbie H nYJIeBH,l1.Hble CTpeJIbI COCTaBJIHIOT
OCHOBHYIO Maccy B n03,l1.HHX norpe6eHHHX KaxeTHH, ,l1.aTH-
pyeMblx V-IV BB. ,l1.0 H. 3.
B LleJIOM OlJeBH,l1.H?, lJTO CTpeJIbl HaH60JIee a pXali'leCKO-
ro 06JIHKa COCpe,l1.0TOlJ.eHbl rJIaBHblM 06pa30M K 3ana,l1.Y OT
AparBH H B ypapTcKHx LleHTpax. CTpeJIbI )l{e 60.'!ee n03,l1.-
HHe, OTHOCHllI.HeCH K VI-IV BB., a B OCHOBHOM - K V-
IV BB. ,l1.0 H. 3., npe06JIa,l1.alOT B ceBepO-BOCTOlJHblX paHO-
Hax 3aKaBKa3bH (CeBepo-BoCTOtlHblH A3ep6aH,l1.)I{aH H Ap-
MeHHH).....
HeKOTopble pa3JIHlJHH B THnax CTpeJI, XpOHO.TlOrH'leCKH
O,l1.HOpO,l1.HbIX, HO xapaKTepHblX ,l1.JIH pa3HbiX naMHTHHKOB,
n03BOJIHIOT y.1JOBHTb HJIH He60JIbillHe pa3JIHlJHH B IIX ,l1.aTH-
pOBKe, HJIH pa3JIHlJHH B YCJIOBHHX, npHBe,l1.IllHX K nOHBJIe-
HHiO nO,l1.06HbIX CTpeJI.
TaK, OlJeHb nOKa3aTeJIbHO cpaBHeHHe CTpeJI H3 KapMHp-
6JIypa H ApHH-6ep,l1.a - naMHTHHKOB O,l1.HOTHnHbIX H pac-
nOJIO)l{eHHblX B HenOCpe,l1.CTBeHHOH 6JIH30CTH ,l1.Pyr K .'1pyry.
B LleJIOM HaH,l1.eHHble B HHX Ha60pbl CTpeJI OTHOCRTCH K
VII -VI BB. ,l1.0 H. 3. C Ka)l{,l1.0rO H3 Ha3BaHHbiX na !RT!!HI\OB
npOHCXO,l1.HT OKOJIO 100 HaKOHelJHHKOB. DOJIbIllHHCTBO Kap-
MHp6JIypCKHX 3K3eMnJIHpOB OTH9cHTCH KO BpeMeHH oca,l1.bI
II B3HTHH ropo,l1.a, lJTO YKa3blBaeT Ha HalJaJIO VI B. :10 H. 3.
KaK Ha BpeMR HX aKTHBHoro HCnOJIb30BaHHH. 3;reCb XOpO-
1]]0 npe,l1.CTaBJIeHbl ,l1.0BOJIbHO KpynHble ,l1.BYXJIOnaCTHble H
TpeXJIOnaCTHble CTpeJIbl C OBaJIbHblM H rOJIOBKaM II. x a pa K-
TepHble ,l1.JIH CKH<pCKHX naMHTHHKOB BTOpOH nO OBHHbI
VII-VI B. ,l1.0 H. 3.
B ApHH-6epll.e ll.BYXJIOnaCTHble CTpeJIbl npaKT\IlleCKII OT-
CYTCTBYIOT (Ha BeCb Ha60p npHXO,l1.HTCH JIHillb HeCKO.'!bKO
nOE.06HbIX HaKOHe'lHHKOB). B OCHOBHOM HaH,l1.eHHble 3;reCb
CT JIbI - TpeXJIOnaCTHbre, C ,l1.0BOJIbHO lJeTKHMH IIOJpOM-
6H'leCKHMH O'lepTaHHRMH rOJIOBKIi H KOpOTKOH -HJI!! CK[1bITOH
BTYJIKOiL J],JIH KapMHp6JIypCK.H . )l{e T eXJIQnaCTHbIX cT eJ\
76
xapaKTepHO OBaJIbHOe OlJepTaHHe rOJIOBKH. KaK Y)I{e 6b1JIO
'3aMe'leHO, apHH6ep,l1.CKHe CTpeJIbl THnOJIOrH'leCKH 60JIbille
HanoMHHalOT HpaHcKHe, a KapMHp6JIypcKHe - ceBeponpH-
lJepHOMopcKHe. 3TO n03BOJIHeT npe,l1.nOJIO)l{HTb, lJTO Tei'twe-
6aHHH 6blJI pa3pYilleH He MH,l1.HHLlaMH, a HMeHHO CKH<paMH.
4TO )l{e KacaeTCH 3pe6YHH, TO, eCJIH npHHHTb TOlJKY 3pe-
HHH, COrJIaCHO KOTOpOH CTpeJIbl nOnaJIli CIO,l1.a TO)l{e B xo:.r.e
IllTypMa ropO,l1.a, a TaK)I{e HX npe,l1.nOJIO)l{eHHYIO Bblille ,l1.a-
TY, IllTypM 3TOT ,l1.0JI)I{eH 6blJI npoH30i'iTH n03)1{e na,l1.eHHH
KapMHp-6JIypa, HO, BH,l1.HMO, Ha npOTH)I{eH 1i TOro )l{e,
VI B. ,l1.0 H. 3., B03MO)l{HO, B XO,l1.e He MH,l1.HHCKOro, a Y)I{e
axeMeHH,l1.CKOrO 3aBoeBaHHH.
TOlJHO TaKaH )l{e CTpeJIa 6b1JIa HaH,l1.eHa B KpenocTH
fpaMna. HeKoTopble CTpeJIbl MHHrelJaypcKoro MorHJIbHHKa
TaK)I{e aHaJIOrHlJHbl apHH6ep,l1.CKHM 4, HO He OHH COCTaBJIH-
lOT OCHOBHYIO lJaCTb MHHrelJaypCKoro Ha60pa.
DJIH3KH ,l1.pyr .l1.pyry TpeXJIOnaCTHbie nO,l1.TpeyrOJIbHble
CTpeJIbI BOCTOlJHOrO 3aKaBKa3bH. KaK Y)l{e nO,l1.lJepKHBa-
JIOCb, CTpeJIbl O,l1.HOrO KOMnJIeKCa, KaK npaBHJIO, B OCHOB-
HOM O,l1.HOpO,l1.HbI. 4aCTo 6JIH3KH TaK)I{e CTpeJIbl pa3Hbix na-
MHTHHKOB, HaXO,l1.HllI.HXCH Ha TeppHTopllH O,l1.Horo reorpa<p H -
tleCKOrO paHOHa. .
TpexrpaHHble CTpeJIbl, MaJIOH3BeCTHbie B 3aKaBKa3be, B
e,l1.HHHlJHbIX 3K3eMnJIHpaX npe,l1.CTaBJIeHbl B KapMHp6JIYP-
CKHX H apHH6ep,l1.CKHX Ha60pax, HO B OCHOBHOM cOCpe,l1.0TO-
lJeHbI I-ia nOCeJIeHHH XOBJIe.
Mbi Y)I{e rOBOpHJIH, tlTO 3aKaBKa3CKHe IIaMHTHHKH pe,l1.-
KO cO,l1.ep)l{aT 60JIee HJIH MeHee 60raTbic Ha60pbl BTYJIblJa-
TblX CTpeJI, Ha OCHOBaHHH KOTOpblX MO)l{HO 6b1JIO 6bl Ha-
,l1.e)l{HO BblHBHTb TaKoe CooTHoIlleHHe pa3Hblx THnOB CTpeJI,
KOTopoe n03BOJIHJIO 6bl YCTaHoBHTb 60JIee TO'lHYIO ,l1.aTH-
POBKY KOMnJIeKca. O,l1.HaKO HeKOTopble naMRTHHKrI, CO,l1.ep-
)l{aIll.He OKOJIO 10 H 60JIee TaKHX cTpe.'!, MorYT 6bITb ,l1.aTH-
pOBaHbl WHCXO,l1.H H3 3THX Ha60poB.
TaK, MO)l{eT 6bITb Bbl,l1.eJIeHO HeCKOJIbKO naMHTHHKOB
VII - nepBoH nOJIOBHHbl VI B. ,l1.0 H. 3.: KapMHp-6JIYP, no-
rpe6eHHH pa3BHToro )l{eJIe3HOrO BeKa CaMTaBpCKoro MO-
rHJIbHHKa, nOCeJIeHHe MO'lpHJIH-rOpa. K VI B. MO)l{HO OT-
HeCTH Ha60pbl ApHH-6ep,l1.a, DeM3aweHa, OwaKaHa, <ppaH-
KaHoLla, HepKHH-rOpaTaHa, MeJIaaHH, K VI-IV BB. (a B
4 Bblwe Y>Ke 6b1J1o OTMe'leHO, '1TO Mbl HC pacno.larae).\ nOKa MaTe-
pHaJlaMH, KOTopJ,le 6b1 nOJ\TBep)l{;'].aJlH <jJaKT <PYIIKlllloIIHpOBaHH51 nOJ\06.
HbiX CTpeJl lIa BceM npOT51>KeHHH VI IV BB. J.o II. 3.. XOTH He60JlblUaH
'1aCTb MHHre'laypCKHX HaKOHC'IIIHKOB, 0'JCBH.1HO, MO(!\C'T 6b:Tb OTlieceIIa
11; 9TOMY BpeMeH".
77
OCHOBHOH '1aCTH K V-IV BB.)- MHHre'laypcKHH Ha6op, K
V-IV BB., - CTpeJIbi H3 «CKH<pCKHX» norpe6eHHH Kaxe-
THH.
LLa TbI 3TH He npOTHBOpe'laT .lI.pyrHM Ma TepHaJIaM nepe-
'1HCJIeHHbIX KOMnJIeKCOB.
Bonpoc 0 TOM, npOH3BO.ll.HJIHCb JIH CTpeJIbi CKH<pCKoro
THna, HaH.lI.eHHbIe B 3aKaBKa3be, Ha MeCTe HJIH nona.ll.aJIH
ClO.lI.a H3BHe, O'leBH.lI.HO, He MO)KeT 6b1Tb pellJeH O.ll.H03Ha'l-
HO. <PaKT npOH3BO.ll.CTBa CKH<pCKHX CTpeJI Ha TeppHTopHHX,
BeCbMa .lI.aJIeKHX OT npapO.ll.HHbI CKH$OB, nO.ll.TBep)K.lI.aeTCH
XOPOWO H3BeCTHblMH JIaXO.ll.KaMH JIHTeHHblX <pOpM B Depe.ll.-
HeH A3HH.
r. H. Hime, HCCJIe.ll.OBaBWHH MHHre'laypcKHe CTpeJIbI,
npHWeJI K BbIBO.ll.Y, '1TO OHH He TOJIbKO H3rOTOBJIHJIHCb Ha
MeCTe, HO '1aCTb HX .lI.eJIaJIaCb C npHMeHeHHeM TeXHOJIOrHH,
COBepWCHHO OTJIH'IHOH OT 06bl'lHOH TeXHOJIOrHH H3rOTOBJIe-
HHH CKH<pCKHX CTpeJI ([l1oHe, 1953J; CM. TaK)Ke [rpaKoB,
1930]) .
o pOTHB 3TOro npe.ll.nOJIO)KeHHH BblcTynHJI K. H. DHI_I.xe-
JIaYPH. 00 ero MHeHHlO, CKH<pcKHe CTpeJIbI, Hall)l.eHHble B
BOCTO'lHOM 3aKaBKa3be,. HeCOMHeHHO '1Y)K)l.bI. MeCTHbiM
Tpa.ll.Hll.H51M H 3aHeceHbI ClO.lI.a H3BHe, O'leBH.lI.HO, BparaMH.
B 3TOM YTBep)K.lI.eHHH K.. H. DHI_I.XeJIaypH onHpaeTCH H Ha
.lI.aHHble cneKTpaJIbHOro aHaJIH3a, npHBe)l.eHHble B CTaTbe
r. H. HOHe, a TaK)Ke Ha BeCb QCTaJIbHOH HHBeHTapb MHH-
re'laypCKHX norpe6eHHH rDHu.xeJIaypH, 1979, c. 16].
KaK 6bIJIO OTMe'leHO BbIwe, HaCeJIeHHe BOCTO'lHOrO 3a-
KaBKa3bH B npoTHBOnOJIO)KHOCTb .lI.pyrHM paHoHaM 3aKaB-
Ka3b51 HalJHHaH C VII B..lI.O H. 3. .lI.eHCTBHTeJIbHO HaXO.ll.H-
JIHCb co CKH<paMH B OCHOBHOM BO Bpa)K.lI.e'6HbIX OTHOllJeHH-
HX. O.1HaKO BeCb xapaKTep MHHre'laYPCKoro KOMnJIeKCa
n03BO. 51eT npe.ll.nOJIaraTb npHCYTCTBHe 3.l1.eCb B VI-IV BB.
.lI.O H. 3. KaKOH-TO rpynnbI CKH<pCKoro HaCeJIeHHH. BbIwe
Y)Ke npIIBO.1HJIHCb .lI.aHHbIe B nOJIb3Y B03MO)KHOCTH JIOKaJIH-
3au.!I!I 3,JeCb CaKaceHbl, B CBeTe ''1ero MeCTHoe npOH3BO.ll.CT"
BO BTy.lblJaTbIX CTpeJI B 3TOM paHOHe BnOJIHe BepOHTHO.
OTJ.eJIbHbIe oc06eHHOCTH <pOpMbI 3aKaBKa3CKHX BTYJIb-
'1aTbiX CTpeJI VI B. .lI.O H. 3. n03BOJIHIOT npe.ll.nOJIO)KHTb,
'1TO lJaCTb HX MOrJIa npOH3BO.ll.HTbCH Ha MeCTe. BMeCTe C
TCM 30COJIIOTHOe 60JIbWHHCTBO TaKHX CTpeJI, H,aH.lI.eHHbIX I3
3aKaI3Ka3be, OlJeBH.lI.HO, nOHBHJIOCb 3.l1.eCb B pe3YJIbTaTC
KOHTaI\T'JI3 C npH'IepHOYlOpCKHMH cKH<paTMH H B MeHbWC(1
CTeneH!I - C MH.'1.HHCKHMH H aXeMeHH.lI.C MH BOHHaMH.
r Aa8a IV
)l(EJlE3HblE TOnOPbl
C VIII B. .lI.O H.3. B 3aKaBKa3be nOHBJIHIOTCH )KeJIe3HbIe
Tonopbl. DOHa'laJIY OHH cocyw,ecTBYIOT C 6pOH30BblMH H,
O'leBH.lI.HO, HCnOJIb3YlOTCH npeHMYlll.eCTBeHHo KaK 60eBoe
0pY)KHe, a TaK)Ke, B03MO)KHO, B Ka'leCTBe KYJIbTOBOro aT-
pH6YTa, 0 '1eM CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBYIOT, B '1aCTHOCTH, HaXO.ll.KH B
norpe6eHHHx MHHHaTlOpHblx TonopHKoB. KaK H 6pOH30BbIe,
)KeJIe3Hble TonopbI 06b1'1HO CO'leTalOTCH B O.ll.HOM KOMnJIeK-
ce C .lI.PyrHMH npe.ll.MeTaMH BoopY)KeHHH. K npHMep , B MO-
rHJIe N!! 212 CaMTaBpcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa )KeJIe3HbIH Tono-
pHK BMeCTe C aKHHaKOM JIe)KaJI Ha '1epene norpe6eHHoro.
3Ha'lHTeJIbHO B03pacTaeT '1HCJIO )KeJIe3HblX TonopoB B
naMHTHHKax VII-VI BB. )1.0 H. 3., XOTH H TOr.ll.a OHO 3Ha-
'1HTeJIbHO YCTynaeT KOJIH'IeCTBY 6pOH30BblX TonopOB B
KOMnJIeKCaX npe.ll.llJeCTBYIOw,eH 3nOXH.
3aKaBKa3CKHe )KeJIe3HbIe TonopbI OTHOCHTCH K 'pa3HbIM
THnaM, H no KpaHHeH Mepe TPH H3 3THX THnOB HaXO.ll.51T CO-
OTBeTCTBHe Cpe.ll.H CKH<pCKHX TonopOB, KaK H3BeCTHO, HeMHO-
rO'lHCJIeHHbIX H COCpe.ll.OTO'leHHbIX rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B JIe-
COCTenHOH 30He D pH'IepHOMOpbH [I1JIbHHCKaH, 1961].
Oc06eHHo MHorO B 3aKaBKa3be TonopOB-MOJIOTKOB-
THn I; npO'lHe THnbl npe.ll.CTaBJIeHbI JIHWb HeCKOJIbKHMH 3K-
3eMnJIHpaMH. OO.ll. TonopOM-MOJIOTKOM MbI nO.ll.pa3YMeI3aeM
Tonop, 06a KOHu.a KOToporo - JIe3BHe H 06yx 5lB.15HOTCH
«pa60'lHMH» (60eBbIMH); npH 3TOM .lI.JIHHa 060HX !\OHU.OB,
KaK npaBHJIO, nOlJTH O.ll.HHaKOBa, T. e. npoyx pacno laraeT-
CH npHMepHo nocpe.ll.HHe TYJIOBa, XOTH B HeKoTopblX CJIY-
'1aHX CJIerKa CMelll.eH K 06YllJKY. 3aKaBKa3cKHe ;'Ke.123Hble
TonOpbl-MOJIOTKH - Y3KHe, .lI.JIHHHbIe, HHorAa c erKa !l30r-
HYTbIe, co cJIa60 paCllJHpHlOllI.HM.CH JIe3BHeM; OOYWOK "npH-
>,fOH HJIH HeCKOJIbKO YTOJIllI.eHHbIH Ha KOHue, c n.lOCFOII JIH-
60 3aKpyr JIeHHOH 60eBoH nOBepxHocTblO. LLmlHa TOIlopa B
Cpe.1HeM OKOJIO 21 CM, HaH60JIbWa51 WHpHHa . e3B!lH - 3-
3,5 CM. MOJIOTO'lHaH '1aCTb 06bl'lHO np51MoyrO.ll>HJ1] !3 ce-
79
o 2
"----...J
oz.
' . -. 'l
.J
:=L
,
. 5 -
c:::.c
V
6
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a , 8 Gilt
'--'---'
II 12
C: -
13
::. 1
I
L:'-
16
o 2 . eM 17
"-'--'
Ta6J1. XI )KeJle3Hble Tonopbl: 1 - XpTaHoLl; 2 - KypTall; 3-
Ca lTaBpO, norp. N2 14; 4-CaMTaBpo, norp. N2 196; 5, 7-):{Ba-
II I, norp. N2 11,2; 6-5pHJlH; 8-JO-CYXYMCKa51 ropa; 11,
12 - MepxeYJlH; 13-15- MycHepH; 16, 17 - KYJlaHYPXBa (3-
17 - no M. C. nHpLlXaJlaBa)
'IeHHH, HO B HeKOTopblX CJIY'la5lx MHororpaHHa5l. Dpoyx 'Ia-
llJ.e OBaJIbHbIH, pe)!{e KpyrJIblH (HanpHMep, y TonopOB H3
norpe6eHHH .Ng 27 H 250 CaMTaBpcKoro MOrHJIbHHK3).
Y npoyxa Tonop 06bI'!H0 CJIerKa paCIIIHp5leTC5I, XOT5I BCTpe-
'13101C5I H 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl 6e3 KaKoro 6b1 TO HH 6bIJIO BbILleJlC-
HfIH IlPOYWHOH '1aCTH. Oc06eHHO 06HJIbHO TaKHe TOnOpbl
npC}lCT3BJIeHbI B CaMTaBpCKOM MOrHJIbHHKe (norpe6eHfI5I
M 14, 70, 71, 96, 99, 212, 250). Do HeCKOJIbKY 3K3eMIlclH-
pOB fiX HaHLleHO B KYJIaHYPXBHHCKOM, KpaCHOM351IIKOM
(LlOCT3TO'lHO pa3Ho06pa3HbIX <popM) , T JIHHCKOM H 0pH.lb-
CKOM MOrHJIbHHKaX. ELlHHH'IHbI HaxOLlKH B lLB3HCKOM \10-
rH.lhHHKe, B MOrHJIbHHKe XpTaHOLI., B KypraHe KYPTaH H B
. MorlIJlbHHKe MYCHepH (Ta6JI. XI, 1, 2, 16, 17, ra6JI. XII).
C Y43HH351 HaxoLlKa T3Koro Tonopa CLleJIaHa B nOCeJlKe
AxtI3r3pa B A6xa3HH [J1YKHH, 1941, ra6JI. XXIV, 1-2].
B03"o/l<H0, K 3TOMY :>Ke THny OTHOC5ITC5I TonopbI H3 Mep-
xey.lbCKoro MOrHJIbHHK3 (Ta6JI. XI, 10, 11) H HeKoTopbIe
LlpyrHe 3K3eMnJIHpbI, XOT5I nJIOXaH COXpaHHOCTb He n03BO-
80
HeT COCTaBHTb LlocTat04HO 51cHoe hpeLlcTaBneHHe 06 HX
'<f>opMe.
KaK BHLlHO H3 npHBeLleHHoro nepe'lH5I, TonopbI 3TH CO-
cpeLlOTO'leHbI B OCHOBHOM B BbILleJIeHHOH Bblwe 30He HaH:
60JIee HHTeHCHBHoro CKOnJIeHH5I 3JIeMeHTOB apX3H'IeCKOH
CKHqJCKOH KYJIbTypbl B 3aKaBKa3be.
Y:>Ke HeoLlHoKpaTHo YKa3b1BaJIOCb Ha 6JIH30CTb qJOpMbI
TonopOB onHCblBaeMoro THna C :>KeJIe3HblMH CKHqJCKIIMII TO-
nopaMH, XOT5I 06'b5lCHeHHe 3TOMY CXOLlCTBY LlaBaJIOCb pa3-
JIH'IHoe. DpeLlnOJIaraJIOCb H TO, 'ITO <popMa 3Ta nplIHeceHa
B 3aKaBKa3be CKH<paMH [MapTHpOC5IH, 1964, c. 290], H TO,
'1TO, Ha060pOT, CKH<pbI 3aHMCTBOBaJIH ee B 3aKaBK33be [fo-
6eLl)!{HIlIBHJIH, 1952, c. 99; I1JlbHHcKaH, 1961, c. 50-51;
MeJIIOKOBa, 1964, c. 67; ilorpe60Ba M. H., 1969; TexoB,
1971, c. 250; DHpLI.XaJIaBa, 1975, c. 14; oapaMHLl3e M. B.,
1977, c. 79]. 3aKaBKa3cKHe TonOpbl-MOJIOTKH 06HapY:>KH-
BaIOT OnpeLleJIeHHOe CXOLlCTBO C 'IaCTbIO CKHqJCKHX TonopoB,
BbILleJIeHHblX A. 11. MemoKoBoH B nepBblH THn IlepBoro
OTLleJIa H B nepBblH THn BToporo OTLleJIa [MeJIIOKOBa,
1964, c. 66]. TaK, Tonop tn norpe6eHH5I .Ng 70 CaMTaBp-
CKoro MOrHJIbHHKa [A6paMHllIBHJIH, 1961, Ta6JI. XIX, 2]
MaCCHBHblM 06YXOM, O'lepTaHHeM JIe3BHH H pacnOJIO:>KeHH-
eM npoyxa LlOBOJIbHO 6JIH30K H3BeCTHOMY TOIlOPy 113 CTap-
weH MOrHJIbi [MemOKOBa, 1964, Ta6JI. 21, 17), KOTOpblH
B. A. I1JIbHHcKaH [1961, c. 381 C'IHTaeT npOMe:>KYTO'lHblM
Me:>KLlY IIp5lMbiM TonopOM-MOJIOTKOM H KJIHHOBHLlHblM Tono-
pOM C BbleMKOH B OCHOBaHHH. DpH6JIH:>KaIOTCH K 3K3eMnJIH-
py H3 CTa pweH MOrHJIbi . H TonopbI T JIHHCKOro MOrHJIbHH-
Ka, LlJI5I KOTOpbIX xapaKTepeH MaCCHBHblH, HHorLl3 CJlerKa
paCWHp5lIOllJ.HHCH K KOHLI.Y 06yx. DpaBLla, npoywHoe OT-
BepCTHe TJIHHCKHX TonopOB - KaK H 60JIbWHHCTB3 3aKaB-
Ka3CKHX - pacnOJlaraeTC5I 06bI'IHO 6JIH:>Ke. K cpeLlHeH 'lac-
TH TYJIOBa [TexoB, 1980a, pHC. 5, 3, pHC. 7, 4, pHC. 12; 1
H )J.p.]. Tonop H3 norpe6eHH5I N2 212 CaMTaBpcKoro MO-
rHJIbHHKa H Tonop H3 KypraHa KypTaH (Ta6J1. XI, 4, XII,
2) 6JIH3KH Tonopy H3 KypraHa N2 12 Y ce.13 BU.1KOBLI.bI
[MeJIIOKOBa, 1964, Ta6JI. 21, 19). Tonop H3 norpe6eHHH
.N2 99 CaMraBpcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa (Ta6JI. XI, 3) IlPH6JIH.
:>KaeTCH no qJopMe K KeJIepMeCCKoH ceKHpe.
113 CKHqJCKHX TonopOB CXO;.J.HbI C 3aKaBK33CKIi MH TaK-
:>Ke 3K3eMnJIHp H3 KypraHa .N2 5 y ceJIa AKCIOTliliLlbI [Me-
JIIOKOBa, 1964, Ta6JI. 21, 91 H HeKOTopbIe :>Ke.le3H bIe Tono-
pbI, XpaH5IllJ.HeCH B KHeBCKOM HCTOpH'IeCKOM M pee 6e3
TO'lHOrO YK33aHHH MeCTa HaxOLlKH [11J1bIlHC K3 51, 1961,
pHC. 7, 3, 4, 7].
6 3aK. 524
81
CJIeJl.yeT, OJl.HaKO, rrOJl.qepKHYTb, qTO rrepeqHCJtefUlbU
CKH<pCKHe H 3aKaBKa3CKHe Torropbl He HJl.eHTHqHbl, a JIHllib
rrpHHaJl.JIeiKaT K OJl.HOMY THrry, T. e. COOTBeTCTBYIOT OC-
HOBHb!M BbIJl.eJIeHHbiM Jl.JIH :noro THrra oc06eHHOCTHM.
B qaCTHOCTH, CKH<pCKHe TOrrOpb!, KaK rrpaBHJIO, MaCCHBHee
3aKaBKa3CKHX.
3aKaBKa3CKHe TOIIOpb! OqeHb qaCTO BCTpeqalOTCH B
KOMrrJIeKCaX C opYiKHeM CKH<pCKoro THrra - CTpeJIaMH H
aKHHaKaMH, a TaKiKe C <pparMeHTaMH IIaHLI.HpeI1, IIOHBHB-
llIHXCH B 3aKaBKa3be OJl.HOBpeMeHHO co CKH<pCKHM 0pY2KH-
eM (CM. rJI. VII). COqeTaHHe co CKH<pCKHM opY2KHeM
b6b!qHO Jl.JIH 60JIblliHHCTBa TorropoB TJIHI1CKOrO MOrHJIbHHKa
[TexoB, 1980a, pHC. 5, 3, pHC. 7, 4, pHC. 8, 5, pHC. 11, 2,
pHC. 12, 1, pHC. 13, 2, pHC. 14, 2], MHOrHX caMTaBpcKHx
(rrorpe6eHHH M 71, 14, 27, 99, 212, 250), KYJIaHypxBHH-
CKoro, )J.BaHcKoro, DpHJIbcKoro MOrHJIbHHKOB. BbIllIe YiKe
OTMeqaJIOCb, '1TO B LI.eJIOM 3TH IIaMHTHHKH XOpOlliO YKJIa-
Jl.b!BaIOTCH B paMKH VII-VI BB. Jl.0 H. 3., rrpHqeM caMTaBp-
CKHe IIorpe6eHH5I, CO.lI.epiKaBlliHe CKH<pCKoe opY2KHe, HeJib3H
Jl.aTHpOBaTb II03iKe BTOpoif IIOJIOBHHb! VII - nepBOI1 rrOJIO-
BHHb! VI B. .lI.0 H. 3.
DJIH3Ka K YKa3aHH0I1 H Jl.aTa .lI.PyrHx 3aKaBKa3CKHX
KOMIIJIeKCOB, cO.lI.epiKalll.HX TorropbI paCCMaTpHBaeMoro TH-
rra. TaK, VII-VI'BB. .lI.0 H. 3. Jl.aTHpOBaHbI COOTBeTCTBYIOlll.He
norpe6eHH5I KpaCHOMaHLI.KOrO MOrHJIbHHKa. ilorpe6eHHe B
KypTaHe A. A. MapTHpOCHH B CBoe BpeMH Jl.aTHpOBaJI VI-
V BB. .lI.0 H. 3., OlIHpaHCb r JIaBHbIM 06pa30M Ha 2KeJIe3Hb!I1
TOlIOP, .lI.aTY KOToporo OH orrpe.lI.eJIHJI, orrHpaHCb Ha CKH<p-
CKHe aHaJIOrHH [MapTHpOCHH, 1964, c. 290]. OJl.HaKO BeCb
OCTaJIbHOH HIIBclITapb IIorpe6eHHH He COJl.ep2KHT HHKaKHX
rrpH3HaKOB CTom, lI03.lI.Heif .lI.aTb!. HaH.lI.eHHbIe 3J1.eCb iKeJIe3-
Hble HaKOHe'lH!!KII KorrHH ypapTcKoro THlIa XOpOlliO H3BeCT-
HbI Ha IIpOT5IiKeHHH VII B. .lI.0 H. 3., TaK qTO, nO-BHJl.HMOMY,
n03iKe VII-VI BB. 3TO rrorpe6eHHe .lI.aTHpOBaTb HeJIb3H.
4TO KaCaeTC5I BToporo KpOM3IeXa MOrHJIbHHKa XpTaHOLI., TO
06HapY}KCllllble B HeM iKeJIe3HbIH KHH}KaJI C rrJIOCKOH Pyq-
KOH, npe.lI.H33113'1eHHOH .lI.JI5I HHKpYCTaLI.HH, H HaKOHeqHHKH
KOlIHH, aHa.l0rll'IHbie KypTaHcKoMY, II03BOJIHIOT Jl.aTHpOBaTb
ero VII-VI BB. .'1.0 H. 3.
C06CTBeHHO. CKH<pCKHe TOlIOPbI-MOJIOTKH .lI.aTHpYIOTCH
BpeMeHeM He paHbllie VI B. .lI.0 H. 3. [I1JIbHHCKaH, 1961;
MeJIIOKOB3, 191)4), T. e. HeCKOJIbKO r 03iKe 3aKaBKa3CKHX,
qTO CJIe.'l.yeT Y'IHTbiBaTb rrpH pellieH Borrpoca 0 reHe3H-
ce JJ.aHHOrl 1\3TeropHH. Ho 3HaqllTeJIbHO BaiKHee B 3TOM
IIJIaHe TO, '1TU [3 3aKaBKa3be MOiKHO .'I.OBOJIbHO qeTKO lIpO-
82
1 '
r i
o I
I
---=a==-
,
, , 2 J CM
...............
6
c
C--
Ta6'1. XII. Tonopbl: 1, 2 - fYJJ.aYTa; 3 - CaMTaBpo, norp. N2 99;
4 -- Ca"lTaBpO, norp. N2 250; 6 - CaMTaBpo, norp. N2 212; 6-
HOBLli'1 A<jJolI; 7 - HapeKBaBII. 1 -' 6poll3a, 2-7 - >KeJle30
C.le.lIlT!> TIIlIOJIOrH'IeCKHe HCTOKH 3TOH <pOpMbI. TaK, cpe.lI.H
3aKa BKa3CKHX iKeJIe3HbiX TOIIOpOB BbIJl.eJIHeTCH cepH 51 3K-
:,eMIJMipOB, B LI.eJIOM OTHOCHIlI.HXCH K oxapaKTep!!30BaHHO-
MY TIIIIY TOlIOPOB-MOJIOTKOB,' HO rro <popMe rrpH6JIHJKalOlll.HX-
CH He CTO.lbKO K CKH<pCKIIM, CKOJIbKO K 6pOH30BbiM 3aKaB-
K33CKIIM TOlIopaM; rro lIpe.lI.JIOiKeHHOI1 O.lI.HHM H3 aBTopOB
K.'1aCCI!<pHKaLI.HH 3Ta cepHH OTHOCHTCH KTHlIY I'a B OTJIH-
. '1He OT THlIa 16, BKJIIO'IalOIlI.er6 paccMoTpeHHbIe BbilUe TO,
lIOpLI-MO.10TKH «CKH<pCKoro» 06JIHKa [ilorpe60Ba M. H.,
19691 TOlIOpbI 3TOH cepHu BCTpeqalOTCH KaK B KOMlIJIeKC3X
6.
83
CO CKH<I>CKHM 0pY)I<HeM (HanpHMep, B nOrpe6eHHH oN\! 27
CaMTaBpcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa [Oorpe60Ba M. H., 1969,
pHC. 2, 101 HJIH 13 norpe6eHH oN\! 298 T JIHllcKoro MOrHJIb-
HHKa (TexoB, 1980a, c. 55, pHC. 20, 5]), TaK Ii 13 KOMnJIeK-
cax, He cO.ll.ep)Kalil.HX .lI.pyrHx 3JIeMeHTOB CKHqJCKOH MaTe-
pHaJIbHOH KYJIbTYpW H COOTBeTCTBeHHO 13 OCHOBHOM He 130-
weJUUHX 13 Hawy CBO.ll.KY. TaKOBbi TOnop H3 norpe6eHHH
.N'2 16 T JIHHCKOro MOrHJIbHHKa [TexoB, 1960, pHC. 3, 2], 3K-
3eMnJIHp H3 MOrHJIbHHKa O)Kopa 13 TOH )Ke IO)KHOH Oce-
THH VJ.)KanapH.lI.3e, 1957), MHHHaTlOpHl>lH TonopHK H3 pa3-
PyweHHoro norpe6eHH5I 6JIH3 r. fY.lI.aYTa (Ta6JI. XII, 2),
Tonop H3 C60POB 13 paHoHe HOBoa<l>oHcKoro MOHacTblpH
(fI1M, c06paHHe A. KOMapoBa, Ta6JI. XII, 6). TonopbI
TaKoro THna 6b1JIH 06HaPY)KeHbI H HeCKOJIbKO ceBepHee-
13 oKpeCTHOCT5IX feJIeH.lI.)KHKa [AxaHoB, 1961, pHC. 5, 6, 7].
)l(eJIe3Hble TonopbI H3 TpHaJIeTCKHX MOrHJIbHHKOB CaHTa H
lJ,HHlI.KapO TaK)Ke KonHpYIOT 6poH30Bble qJOpMbI, HO 13 3Ha-
'IHTeJIbHO ynpOlil.eHHOM BapHaHTe.
TonopbI 3TOH cepHH 06bi'1H0 HeBeJIHKH: H .lI.JIHHa, KaK
npaBHJIO, 15-17 CM (a TonopHK H3 fY.lI.aYTbI eUJ,e KOpO-
'Ie - Btero 12 CM). I1cKJllO'IeHHe COCTaBJI5IeT cpaBHHTeJIb-
HO .lI.JIHHHblH (25 CM) H 04eHb MaCCHBHblH HOBoa<l>OHcKHH
Tonop. OTJIH'IHTeJIbHbie oc06eHHOCTH Bcex 3THX TonopOB-
· CHJIbHOe CMeUJ,eHHe npoyxa K 06YWKY H HeKOTopoe YTOJI-
UJ,eHHe Ha caMOM 06YWKe. J1HWb HOBoaqJOHCKHH Tonop
HMeeT npoyx, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIH 13 lI.eHTpaJIbHOH 'IaCTH. Ty-
JIOBO 3THX TonopOB - He np5lMOe, a CJIerKa H30rHYToe. Bce
3TH oco6eHHOCTH C6J1!!/KaIOT 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl paCCMaTpHBae-
MOH cepHH C 6pOH30BWMH TonopaMH KOJIXH.lI.O-K06aHCKHX
THnOB. Pa3JIH'IH5I )Ke, OUJ,YTHMbIe Me)K.lI.Y 3K3eMnJIHpaMH
BHYTPH cepHH, nopO}!qeHbI CKopee Bcero TeM, 'ITO HCXO.ll.-
HbIMH npH HX qJOpMHpOBallHH CJIY)KHJIH pa3HbIe 6pOH30BbIe
Tonop b1. B 'IaCTHOCTH, lIeKOTopble )KeJIe3HbIe Tonop bI BOC-
XO.ll.51T, BH.lI.HMO, K TaK Ha3bIBaeMbiM «pa60'lHM» (no Tep-
MHHOJIOrHH E. H. KpynHOBa) KOJIXH.lI.O-K06aHCKHM Tono-
paM (K THny «6», no O. C. YBapoBoH, HJIH THny II - no
O. M. ,Q)KanapH;J.3e), TaKoBbI, HanpHMep, Tonop H3 norpe-
6eHHH oN\! 16 T JIIfHCKOro MOrHJIbHHK3 H 3K3eMnJIHp H3 MO-
rHJIbHHKa O)Kopa. BapHaHT 3TOH )Ke qJOpMbI npe.ll.CTaBJI5I-
lOT HeKOTopbIe Tonopbl H3 .lI.pymx norpe6eHHH T JIHHCKOro,
a TaK)Ke H3 KpaCHOM351lI.KOrO H TpHaJIeTCKHX MOrHJIbHH-
KOt, (CM. nO.ll.p06HO [norpe60Ba M. H., 1969, c. 182;
Tp"tnw, 1969, c. 183; TexoB, 1980a, c. 55)). fY.lI.aYTcKHH )Ke
TonopHK KonHpyeT -- II .lI.OBOJIbHO T04HO - qJOPMY KJIaCCII-
'IeCKOrO Ko6aHcKoro Tonopa THna «a», no n. C. YBapoBoH
64
(THn III no-O. M. )J.)KanapH.lI.3e). CXO.ll.HbIH reHe3Hc
'MO)KHO npe.ll.nOJIaraTb .lI.JIH <l>OpMbI ynOM5IHYToro Tonopa H3
HOB oro AqJoHa.
OOKa3aTeJIbHO, 'ITO' )KeJIe3Hble Tonopbl 3TOH cepHH, npo-
HCXO.ll.51li1.He 1f3 UeHTpaJIbHOrO 3aKaBKa3b5l, .lI.aJIbWe OTCTO-
HT OT 6pOH30BbIX npOTOTHnOB, 'IeM 3K3eMnJIHpbl H3 lI.eHT-
paJIbHblX paj'IOHOB DOJIblUOrO KaBKa3a H oc06eHHO H3 3a-
na.ll.Horo 3aKaBKa3bH (CM. Ta6JI. XII, 4, 5, XI, 1, 2). B Tex
CJIY'Ia5lX, Kor.'J.a Y.'J.aeTC5I YCTaHoBHTb .lI.aTY )KeJIe3HblX Tono-
pOB, HaH60JIee 6JIH3KHX K 6pOH30BbIM npOTOTHnaM, OHa
onpe.lJ.eJI5IeTC5I VIII-VII 1313. .lI.O H. 3., T. e. nepHO.ll.OM,
npe.ll.weCTBYlOliI.HM BpeMeHH pacnpOCTpaHeHHH 3.l1.eCb npe.ll.-
MeTOB CKHqJCKOH KYJIbTypbI. TaK, TonopHK H3 fY.lI.aYTbI
[Tpanw, 1970, c. 189-193], Cy.lI.H no nO.ll.p06HOMY onHca-
HHIO PYKOBO;HfBwero 3eMJI5IHblMH pa60TaMH A. A. Ta paco-
Ba, coxpaHHBwero H nepe.ll.aBWerO 13 MOCKOBCKHH focY.lI.ap-
CTBeHHbIH HCTOpH'IeCKHH MY3eH Bce HaH.rr.eHHbIe 3.l1.eCb Be-
UJ,H, BXO.ll.HJI 13 COCTaB HHBeHTa 51 norpe6eHHH. . BMecTe C
3THM TonopHKOM 6bIJIH HaH.lI.eHbI 6pOH30BbIe KOJIXH.lI.CKHe
Tonopbl, 4aCTH rJIa.ll.KOrO 6poH30Boro nOHca, HMelOUJ,ero Ha
KOHlI.aX 6pOH30Bble npH)KKH C rOJIOBKaMH )KHBOTHbIX, 6pOH-
30Bble MaCCHBHbIe HO)KHble KOJI blI. a , O'lKOBH.lI.Hble npHBecKH,
CnHpaJIH. Becb 3TOT KOMnJIeKC He MO)KeT .lI.aTHpOBaTbC5I
n03}!{e VII BeKa .lI.O H. 3., a CKopee Bcero, CY.lI.51 no 6pOH-
30BOMY Tonopy THna Ia (no O. M. )J.)KanapH.lI.3e) H n05l-
cy C np5l)KKaMH, OTHOCHTCH K VIII HJIH Py6e)KY VIII-
VII 1313. .lI.O H. 3. Oorpe6eHHe oN\! 16 TJIHHCKOro MOrHJIbHH-
Ka cO.'J.ep)KaJIO .lI.Ba KOCT5IKa, HHBeHTa pH KOTOpbIX OTpa)Ka-
lOT HeKOTOpylO XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKYIO pa3HHlI.Y [TexoB, 1960,
c. 167-171], BTOpOH KOCT5IK COnpOBO)K.lI.aJICH nOM HMO )Ke-
JIe3HOrO Tonopa 6pOH30BOH .lI.yro'BH.LI.HOH qJH6YJIOH, WHpO-
KHM nJIaCTHH4aTbiM n05lCOM H 6pOH30BOH CHTYJIOH I. BeCb
310T HHBeHTapb xapaKTepeH .lI.JIH VIII-VII 1313. .lI.O H. 3.,
'ITO, 04eBH.'J,HO, COOTBeTCTByeT H .lI.aTe )KeJIe3HOrO Tonopa.
OpHBe.ll.eHHbie Ha6JIIO.lI.eHH5I Ha.ll. THnOJIOrHeH H XpOHOJIO-
rHeH HHTepeCYlOliI.HX Hac npe.ll.MeTOB n03BOJI5IIOT npe.ll.no-
JIO)KHTb. 410 B VIII-VII BB. .lI.O H. 3. 13 3aKaBKa3be weJl
npOlI.eCC qJOpMHpOBaHH5I )KeJIe3HbIX TonopOB-MOJIOTKOB Ha
OCHOBe 6pOH10BblX TonopOB KOJIXH.lI.O-K06aHCKHX THnOB.
HaH6o.1ee aKTHBHO 3T3 3BOJIIOlI.H5I npOTeKaJIa 13 3ana.ll.HbIX
paHOHax perHOHa. B VII-VI 1313. .lI.o H. 3. )KeJIe3Hble Tono-
pbl, y)Ke Y TpaTHBwHe - 3a pe.'1.KHMH HCKJIIO'IeHH5IMH - He-
I B 6'o.1ee n03;J.Heii ny6J1HKaLlHII [TexoB, 19806, Ta6.1, 34J cocy.n. OT-
HeceH K nepBo IY, I1pe.llll\e<;TBYIOLLleMY no BpeMeHI-I KO<;r51KY norpe6e-
RI-IH N2 16, .
fI
fIOCpe.!l.CTBeHHYIO 6JH\30CTb K 6pOH30BbiM npOTOTHnaM, Ilm-
pOKO pacnpOCTpaH5IIOTC5I B ll.eHTpaJIbHOM 3aKaBKa3be, T. e.
B TOH 06JIaCTH, KY.!I.a B :no BpeM5I Bo06w.e aKTHBHO npOHH-
KaJIH MHome 3JIeMeHTbi KOJIXH.!I.CKOH H K06aHCKOH KYJIb-
TYp. I1MeHHo B VII-VI BB. Ha TeppHTopHH 3ana.!l.HOrO H
LLeHTpaJIbHOrO 3aKaBKa3b51 .!I.OJI}KHbI 6b1JI H ocyw.ecTBJI5ITbC5I
Te CI<H<p0-3aKaBKa3cKHe KOHTaKTbI, KOTopble npHBeJIH K 3a-
HMCTBOBaHHIO cKH<paMH 3aKaBKa3CKHX TonopOB-MOJIOTKOB.
. Ha CeBepHoM KaBKa3e TaK)!{e BCTpeqalOTCH Tonopbl,
nO.!l.06Hble 3aKaBKa3CKHM TonopaM-MOJIOTKaM, HO 3.!1.eCb
OHH OTHOCHTC5I B OCHOBHOM K VI HJH\ .!I.a)!{e K V B. .!I.O H. 3.
H npH 06w.eM CXO.!l.CTBe C 3aKaBKa3CKHMH HMelOT HeCKOJIb.
KO ynpow.eHHYIO <POPMY. 3TO, OqeBH.!I.HO, 06'bHCHHeTCH B
nepBYIO 'Oqepe.!l.b XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKOH pa3HHLI.eii Me)!{.!I.Y 3aKaB-
Ka3CKHMH H ceBepOKaBKa3CKHMH TonopaMH. B. B. BHHorpa-
.!I.OB npHBeJI B nq.!l.TBep)!{.!I.eHHe rHnOTe3b1 0 3aKaBKa3CKOM
npOHCXO)!{.!I.eHHH ceBepOKaBKa3CKHX -fonopOB-MOJIOTKOB ce-
pHIO TonopOB VI B. C CeBepHoro KaBKa3a, B OCHOBHOM no-
BTOpHlOlLI.HX <POPMY 60JIee paHHHx 3aKaBKa3CKHX [BHHO-
rpa.QOB, 1972, c. 250-251].
3Ha4HTeJIbHO pe)!{e BCTpe'laIOTC5I B 3aKaBKa3be Tono-
pbl C xapaKTepHoH <pOpMOH 06yxaB BH.!I.e Y3KOH lIIeHKH C
KOHYCOBH.!I.HblM YTOJIrn:eHHeM Ha KOHLI.e. Pe.!l.KOCTb 3THX TO-
nopOB B 3aKaBKa3be, HX pe3Koe o.TJIHqHe OT paCCMOTpeH-
Hb!X Bb!lIIe TonopOB-MOJIOTKOB, HMelOw.HX MeCTHbie npOTO-
THnbl, H B TO )!{e BpeM5I 3Ha'lHTeJIbHa51 6JIH30CTb K 3K3eMn-
JI5Ipa M H3 CKH<pHH n03BOJI5IIOT BbI.!I.eJIHTb 3aKaBKa3CKHe TO-
nOpb! C Y3KHM 06YXOM B OT.!I.eJIbHbIH THn, C<pOpMHpOBaB-
IIIHiiCH, no BceH Bep05lTHOCTH, BHe npe.!l.eJIOB 3aKaBKa3b5l.
A. YI. MeJIIOKOBa [1964, c. 66 CJI.), HCXO.!l.51 H3 p5l.!l.a npH-
3HaKOB, OTHOCHT nO.!l.06Hbie Bew.H H3 CKH<pHH K pa3HbiM
THnaM H BapHaHTaM 1Hoporo OT.!I.eJIa CKH<pCKHX TonopoB.
3K3eMnJl5lpbl H3 3aKaBKa3b51 CTOJIb .!I.P06HOH KJIaCcH<pHKa-
IlHH He nO.Q:I.aIOTC5I H, HeCMOTp51 Ha H3BeCTHYIO BapHaTHB-
HOCTb <pOPM, 06'be.!l.HHeHbI' HaMH B O.!l.HY rpynny - THn II.
TaKHe Tonopbl HaH.!I.eHbl B norpe6eHH5Ix CaMTaBpcKoro
(Ta6.'1 XI, 5) H BpHJIbCKOrO (Ta6JI. XI, 6) MOrHJIbHHKOB.
YI3 HaH60Jlee 6JIH3KHX CKH<pCKHX aHaJIOrHH 3THM TonopaM
MOiKHO Ha3BaTb, K npHMepy, 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl H3 KypraHa
X<2 448 Y ceJla /KypoBKa, H3 KypraHa N!! 3 Y ceJIa AKCIO-
TlfHllb!. H3 KypraHa Y XYT. WYMeHKo H .!I.p. [MeJIIOKOBa,
]964. Ta6J1. 21, 11-14, 21]. B LI.eJIOM tJO.!l.06Hble Tonopbl B
CK [HtJCKIIX KOMnJIeKCaX BCTpe'laIOTC5I IHa'lHTeJIbHO 'IalLl.e,
qe 1 13 3aKaBKa3CKHX. COBeplIIeHHO O'leBH.!I.HO, 'ITO B 3aKaR-
!-:33be nO.!l.06Hble Tonopbl npe.!l.CTaBJIHIOT c06CTBeHHO CKH<p'
86
CKYIO <POPMY, It 9TO - ltCXO,11,5t lt3 xpOHOJIOrlttt HaxO;I.OK B
CKU<p UH - H onpe.!l.eJI5IeT HX .!I.aTY BpeMeHeM He paHee VI B.
;10 H. 3. rIo MHeHHIO B. A. I1JIbHHCKOH, npOTOTlin 3TOH
<pOpMbl CKH<pCKHX TonopOB CJIe.!l.yeT BH.!I.eTb B 6pOH30BbiX
Tonopax KaMeHHOMOCTCKoro THna CeBepHoro KaBKa3a
rI1JIbHHCKa5l, 1961, c. 50). Ho He06xo.!l.HMO Y'IHTblBaTb, 'ITO
II Ha CeBepHoM KaBKa3e )!{eJIe3Hble Tonopbl nOJl.06HOrO TH-
na H3HeCTHbi MaJIO.
K THny III 3aKaBKa3CKHX 60eB x TonopoB, npeJl.CTaB-
J1HIOW.HX HHTepec B KOHTeKCTe HalIIeH TeMbI, OTHOC5ITC5I )!{e-
J1e3Hble KJIeBLI.bI. I1x B 3aKaBKa3be TaK)!{e HeMHoro. O.!l.HH
KJIeBeLI. npOHCXO.!l.HT H3 MOrHJIbHHKa MycHepH (Ta6.TJ. XI,
13), O.!l.HH (c OqeHb llmpoKHM H JIHlIIb K caMOMY KOHll.Y CY-
)!{HBalOw.HMCH 60HKOM) - H3 norpe6eHH5I N!! 2 J],BaHcKoro
MOmJIbHHKa; eCTb KJIeBLI.b1 H B BpHJIbCKOM MOmJlbHH e
(Ta6JI. XI, 7). KJIeBLI.b1 H3 MycHepH H BPHJIH, nO)KaJIYH,
6JIH)!{e Bcero K KJIeBLI.aM H3 AHaHbHHcKoro MorH.TJbHHKa
rMeJIIOKOBa, 1964, Ta6JI. 21, 8] H, OqeBH.!I.HO, 3aHMc.:BoBaHbI
H3 CKH<pcKoro Boopy)!{eHH5I. OqeHb cBoe06pa3Hbl Jl.BaH-
CKHH KJIeBeLI. 60JIee Bcero HanOMHHaeT 6pOH30BbIl1, YKpa-
lIIeHHblH rOJIOBKaMH 6apaHoB KJIeBeLI. H3 BpHJlbCKorO MO-
mJIbHHKa (3Kcn03HLI.H5I rMf). 06a OHH .xapaKTepll YIOTC5I
III HpOKHM, CY)!{HBalOW.HMCH K OCTpHIO 60HKOM, 4eTKHM pac-
IIIHpeHHeM npoYIIIHoH qaCTH. rOJIOBKH 6apaHoB Ha 6pHJIb-
CKOM 6pOH30BOM 3K3eMnJI5Ipe - THnH41 .o KooaHCKHe, HO
KJleBeLI. KaK BH.!I. 0PY)!{H5I .!I.JI5I K06aHCKOH KYJlbT)'pbl He xa-
paKTe eH. B 3aKa Ka3be 6pHJIbCKHH 6pOH30Bblfi KJleBeLI.
aHaJIOrHH TaK)!{e He HMeeT. Bonpoc 0 npOHCXO)!{,.'LeHHH <pop-
Mbl .!I.BaHCKOro KJIeBLI.a TO)!{e nOKa He5lCeH.
I1TaK, HCTOpH5I 6bITOBaHH5I )!{eJIe3Hb1X 3aKaBKa3CKHX
60eBbiX TonopOB npe.!l.CTaeT B CJIe.!l.YIOw.eM BH.!I.e. 4eTKO Bbl-
.!I.eJI5IeTC5I paHH5I5I rpynna (VIII-VII BB. .!I.O H. 3.), THno-
JIOrH'IeCKH HenOCpe.!l.CTBeHHO CB5I3aHHa51 C 6pOH30BbIM II TO-
nopaMH K06aHO-KOJIXH.!I.CKHX THnOB. MeCTHoe 3aKaB a3CKoe
npOHCXO)!{Jl.eHHe )!{eJIe3Hb1X TonopOB-MOJlOTKOB 31011 rpyn-
nbl npe.!l.CTaBJI5IeTCH 6eccnopHblM. 06JIacTb HX pacnpoCT-
paHeHH5I - 3ana.!l.HOe H ll.eHTpaJIbHOe 3aKaBKa3be. HO 30-'
HOll. npOHCXO)!{.!I.eHH5I, OqeBH.!I.HO, 51BHJIaCb 3ana.1Ha51 4aCTb
apeaJIa. BH.!I.HMO, 'Iepe3 IOro-OceTHI<? T3KHe paHHlle Tono-
pbl nOna.!l.aJIH H B ll.eHTpaJIbHble paHOHb! CeBepHoro TKaB-
Ka3a (CM., HanpHMep, Tonop H3 MOrHJIbHHKa PYTXa [Kpyn-
HOB, 1960, Ta6JI. X, 4)). fIOCKOJlbKY )!{e nma B.l rJlOlLI.ee
60JlblIIHHCTBO )!{eJle3HblX TonopoB CeBepHoro KaRKiua n03-
)!{e 3aKaBKa3CKHX, npe.!l.noJIara Tb, 4TO Ta M 3Ta cjJop \1 a II
CK.1aJl.bIBa.'1aCb, !lOKa HeT oCHoBaHHH.
87
)KeJle3lible TOnOpbl COCpeJl.OTOrreHbI B OCHOBHOM B Tex
iKe paHOHaX 33KaBKa3bH, r)l.e BCTpe'laIOTCH 6pOH30Bbie H3-
)l.eJIHH KOJIXH)l.CKOH KYJIbTypbl, T. e. HX paCnpOCTpaHeHHe
WJIO no npOTopeHHOMY nYTH. BpeMH pacnpOCTpaHeHHH Ii
apeaJI aKaBKa3CKHX iKeJIe3HblX TonopOB, npe)l.CTaBJIHIOUJ.HX
)l.aJIbHe:,wee pa3BHTHe paCCMOTpeHHOH <pOPMbI, COBna)l.alOT
C 30HOH 6b1!OBaHHH H XpOHOJIOrHeA npe)l.MeTOB CKH<pCKOA
apXaH'IeCKOH KYJIbTypbl. BeCbMa BepOHTHO, 'ITO iKeJIe3HbIe
Tonopbl 3aKaBKa3CKoro npOHCXOiK)l.eHHH CbIrpaJlH onpe)l.e-
Jl5IIOIlWIO pOJIb B <pOpMHpOBaHHH B VI B. Jl.0 H. 3. O)l.HOro
H3 THnOB c06CTBeHHO CKH<pCKoro TonOpa-MOJIOTKa, XOPOWO
H3BeCTHoro B naMHTHHKax BOCTOlJHOH EBponbI 2.
B 3aKaBKa3CKHX naMHTHHKax 60Jlee n03)1.Hero BpeMe-
HH - V-III BB. )1.0 H. 3. - BCTpe'laIOTC5I OTJlH'IHbIe OT Bcex
paCCMOTpeHHblX iKeJIe3HbIe 60eBble TonopbI, HHOrJl.a cpaB-
HHBaeMbie co CKH<pCKHMH. O'leHb xapaKTepHbI Jl.Jl5I 3TOH
rpynnbl 3K3eMnJIHpbI H3 MOrHJIbHHKa Ha CYXYMCKOH rope
[KaJIaH)l.a)l.3e, 1954, Ta6J1. X, 1, 15). I1x cBoe06pa3Ha51 <pop-
Ma - wHpoKoe ceKHpo06pa3Hoe Jle3BHe, Y3Ka51 weHKa,
CHJIbHO pa3)1.YTaH BTYJIKa H MOJIOTO'lHOe OKOH'IaHHe 06yxa
(Ta6JI. XI, 8-10) - O'leHb cneUH<pH'IHa H n03BOJlHeT KO-
peHHblM 06pa30M OTJIH'IaTb HX OT paccMoTpeHHbIx BbIwe TO-
nopOB-MOJIOTKOB. B. A. I1JIbHHcKa51 fl961, c. 39 ) cpaBHH'
BaJIa C HHMH CKH<pCKHH Tonop H3 TaJlaeBcKoro KypraHa
'HO A 11. MeJlfOKOBa [1964, c. 67) OCnOpHJla npaBoMep:
HOCTb TaKOra COnOCTaBJleHHH. A. H. KaJlaHJl.aJl.3e [1954
c. .771 H M. M. Tpanw [1955, c. 206) C'IHTaIOT HX )l.aJlb:
HeHWHM pa3BHTHeM KOJlXH)l.0-K06aHcKoH <pOPMbI.
B JlHTepaType HeO)l.HOKpaTHo OTMe'laJlOCb, 'ITO B IV-
III BB. )1.0 H. 3. rpeKH Hepe)l.KO H306paiKaJlH CKH<pOB C TO-
nopaMH CXO)l.HOH <pOPMbl, XOTH H OTJlH'IalOUJ.HMHC5I B )l.eTa-
Jl5IX (CM., H npHMep, BopOHeiKCKHH cepe6p5lHblH COCY)I.,
xepCOHeCCKHH e)l.aJlbOH H )l.PyrHe naM5ITHHKH 1PocToBueB,
1914, c. 79; fpaKoB, 1950, c. 14-15)). OJl.HaKO B 3TO
BpeMH y CKH<P0B OpH'IepHOMOpbH 60eBbIe Tonopbl - B TOM
'IHCJle H IJpeilCTaBJleHHOrO 3)1.eCb THna - npaKTH'IeCKH He
6bITOB3J11i. CKopee Bcero Ha <pOpMHpOBaHHe B rpe'leCKOH
HKOl!OrpaqJHH ,>TOH )l.eTaJlH 06pa3a CKH<pa nOBJlHHJla peaJlHH
6blTa KaBK33CKHX HapO)l.OB, He CJlHWKOM' OTJlH'IaBIIlHXCH B
rJla3aX 3HTHlfHoro MHpa OT c06CTBeHHO CKH<pOB.
Be" BpH_1 illl c.1Y'laiiHo OTCYTcTBHe >KeJle3HblX TonopOB-MOJlOTKOB B
o TO'lHOM 3aKaBKa3be, r.lle, KaK Mbi BH.lleJlH, apXaH'IeCKHX CKHcjJCKHX
:tweKcoB <jJaKTlI'leCKH lIeT, a TaK)Ke B ypapTcKHx naM51TIIHKax 3a-
a3bH, BpeMH CYlLleCTBOBaIlH51 KOTOpblX, BH.llHMO, npe.llmeCTByeT BOC-
npHHTlJK) CKllq>3MII 3Toro BH.lla 0PY)KH51.
r AaBa V
nPE)J,METbl KOHCKOrO Y60PA
9J1eMeHTbl CKH<pcKOrO KOHCKoro y60pa, HaHJl.eHHbIe B pa3-
HbIX MeCTax 3aKaBKa3b5l, YiKe )l.aBHO npHBJleKalOT BHHMa-
HHe HCCJle)l.OBaTeJleH. n peJl.MeTOB 3TOH rpynnbI cpaBHH-
TeJlbHO HeMHoro, HO OHH Jl.OCTaTO'lHO BbIpa3HTeJlbHbI.
TaK,H3BecTHbI B 3aKaBKa3'be 6pOH30BbIe cTpeMe'!KO-
BH)l.Hble y)l.HJla. OHH 06Ha PYiKeHbl B nOrpe6eHHHx )l.BYX
MOrHJlbHHKOB, YiKe HeOJl.HOKpaTHO ynoMHHaBWHXC5I B npe)l.-
weCTBYIOw.eM TeKCTe, - KYJlaHypxBHHcKOrO Ha TeppHTopHH
A6xa3HH H TJlHHcKoro B IOro-OceTHH. B nOrpe6eHHH
Ng 68 T JlHHCKOro MOfHJlbHHKa OHH CO'leTaJlHCb C KOCTHHbl-
MH nCaJlHHMH, a B norpe6eHHH ,N'g 4 KYJlaHypxBHHcKoro
MOrllJlbHHKa - C iKeJle3HbIMH [TexoB, 1980a, c. 66, pHC. 2,
4, 5, 6, 9; Tpanw, 1970, c. 138, Ta6J1. VI, 7, 8). BOJlbWHH-
CTBO HCCJleJl.OBaTeJleH 06'b5lCH5IJlH n05lBJleHHe nO)l.06HbiX
Y)l.HJI B 3aKaBKa3be CKH<pCKHM BJlH5IHHeM H COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO )l.aTHpOBaJlH HX BTOpOH nOJlOBHHOH VII-VI B. )1.0 H. 3.
[Tpanw, 1969; nHpUXaJlaBa, 1975; nHpUXaJlaBa, 1978; 00-
rpe60Ba M. H., 1981, H )l.p.). B. B. TexoB C'IHTaeT, 'ITO
CTpeMe'lKOBH)l.HbIe YJl.HJla npOHHKJlH B 3aKaBKa3be H3 Oe-
pe;lHeH A3HH H, OCHOBblBaHCb Ha HaMeTHBWeMC5I B nOCJle,Q-
Hee BpeMH Y)l.peBHeHHH HHiKHeH rpaHHUbl HX 6blTOBaHHH B
nrJIIlJepHOMopbe, npeJl.JlaraeT )l.aTHpOBaTb TJlHileKHe II KY-
JlaHypXBHHCKHe 3K3eMnJlHpbl KOHUOM VIII - nepBoii no-
.10BHHOH VII B. )1.0 H. 3. [TexoB, 1980a, c. 66).
DpH )l.aTHpOBKe 3aKaBKa3CKHX 3K3eMnJlHpOB cTpeMclf-
KOBH:lHbIX Y)l.HJI He06xo)l.HMO, O'leBH)l.HO, Y'!HTbIBaTb K3K
XpOHOJlOrHIO HX 6b1TOBaHHH B OCHOBHOM apeaJle 3TOH <pop-
Mbl, TaK H xapaKTep CO)l.epiKaBWHx HX 3aKaBKa3CKHX KOMfI-
.'1eKCOB. Pe)l.KOCTb nO,Q06HbIX Y)l.HJI B perHoHe O)l.H03Ha If HO
CBIi:leTeJlbCTByeT 06 HX HHOKYJlbTYPHOH npHHa)l.JleiKHOCTIL
K3K H3BeCTHO, CTpeMe'lKOBH)l.Hble Y)l.HJla WHpOKO npeJCTan-
.'1eHbl Ha 06WHpHOH TeppHTopHH eBpa3HHcKHX CTenei'r. Ka-
:,J3XCTaHa H Cpe)l.tleH A3HH. ;;)THM Y)l.HJlaM (B 'IaCTHOCTI1,
WI
0 ,
2
1 Ce
0 7 7
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6
(] 4'
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aonpocy 0 MeCTe HX cpOpMHpOBaHH5I) nOCB5IUJ.eHa 60JIbLUa51
JIHTepaTypa, aHaJIH3 KOTOpOH He BXO.ll.HT B HaWH 3a.ll.a'lH.
HaM Ba)!{HO JIHLUb nO.ll.'IepKHYTb, qTO HMeHHO H3 eBpa3HH-
CKoro apeaJIa CTpeMe'lKOBH.lI.Hble Y.lI.HJIa MOrJIH nonaCTb B
3aKaBKa3be. ECJIH H MO)!{HO npe.ll.nOJI'O)!{HTb nepBOHa'la,1b-
HbIe nepe.ll.Hea3HaTcKHe HCTOKH B reHe3Hce :noH cpOpMbI
[ApTaMOHOB, 1974, c. 42-43; KOTOBH'I, 1982, c. 29], TO
caMO CJIO)!{eHHe ee npOXO.ll.HJIO He Ha nepe.ll.Hea3HaTCKOH
TeppHTopHH, r.ll.e MbI nO.ll.06HbIX Y.lI.HJI npaKTH'IeCKH He 3Ha-
eM. Pe.ll.KHe 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl, BCTpe'leHHble B ypapTcKHX na-
M5ITHHKaX, OTHOC5ITC5I, HeCOMHeHHO, K eBpa3HHCKOMY THny
H He MorYT C'IHTaTbC5I pe3YJIbTaTOM MeCTHoro pa3BHTH5I.
He B.lI.aBa5lCb B Bonpoc 0 nepBOHa'laJIbHOM .MeCTe CJIO-
)!{eHH5I cpOpMbI CTpeMe'lKOBH.lI.HblX Y.lI.HJI B npe.ll.eJIax eBpa-
3HHcKO-Cpe.ll.Hea3HaTcKoro apeaJIa (CM. 06 3TOM nO.ll.P06HO,
HanpHMep, [lJJIeHOBa, 1967, c. 70]), OTMeTHM JIHWb, 'ITO
npHCYTCTBHe B ynOM5IHYTbIX 3aKaBKa3CKHX MOrHJIbHHKaX
.lI.PYrHX 3JleMeHTOB CKHcpCKOH KYJIbTYPbI n03BOJI5IeT npe.ll.no-
JIaraT 'ITO H CTpeMe'lKOBH.lI.Hble Y.lI.HJIa B HX HHBeHTape
HMeJIH ceBepHoe npOHCXO)!{.lI.eHHe. fIOKa3aTeJIbHO, 'ITO B
060HX MOrHJIbHHKaX OHH COCTaBJI5IJIH 'IaCTb Y3.l1.bI norpe-
6eHHOH JIOLUa.ll.H HJIH KOHCKOH rOJIOBbl. B T JIHHCKOM norpe-
6eHHH N!! 68 BMeCTe C YMepLUHM 6blJIa 3axopoHelia KOIICKa51
rOJIOBa, p5l.ll.0M C KOTOpOH H 6bIJIH HaH.lI.eHbI Y.lI.HJIa, B KYJIa-
HYPXBHHCKOM - nOJIHbIH CKeJIeT B3HY3.l1.aHHOrO KOH5I 6bIJI
noxopoHeH B OT.lI.eJIbHOH MOrHJIe. Y)!{e HeO.ll.HOKpaTiJO no;J.-
'IepKHBaJIC5I TOT cpaKT, 'ITO eCJIH B BOCTO'lHOM 3aKaBKa3be
06psiJl. KOHCKHX COnpOBO)!{Jl.alOUJ.HX 3axopOHeHHii 6bIJI .lI.aB-
HO H WHpOKO H3BeCTeH, B 3anaJl.HblX H ceBepHbIX paiiOHax
OH n05lBHJIC5I JIHLUb BMeCTe C 3JIeMeHTaMH CKHcpCKOii KYJIb-
TYPbI. fI03TOMY 3J1.eCb npaBOMO'lHO paCCMaTpHBaTb 110.ll.06-
HbIii 06p5lJl. KaK pe3YJIbTaT CKHcpCKoro BJIH5IHH5I [Dorpe60-
Ba M. H., 1981, c. 44]. 3TH C006pa)l{eHH5I n03B0JI5JfOT 06-
paTHTbC5I K XpOHOJIOrHH Ky:'!aHypxBHIICKHX H T.11!IkKHX
Y.ll.HJI, HCXO.ll.5I npe)!{.lI.e Bcero H3 ceBepOnpH'IepHOMOpCKHX H
ceBepoKaBKa3cKHx MaTepHaJIOB. KaK y)!{e ynoMHlla.10Cb,
IIH)!{H5I5I Jl.aTa 6bITOBaHH5I CTpeMe'lKOBHJl.HbIX Y.lI.".1 R 03Ha-
lJeHHbIX perHoHax 6blJIa B nOCJIeJl.Hee BpeM5I 3Ha41ITeJIbHO
YJ.peBHeHa rTepeHO)!{KHH, 1976 H .lI.p.; J1ecKoB, 1971. c. 86;
K03eHKoBa, 1977, c. 78; KOTOBH'I, 1982, c. 28] I. O.lHaKo
MHeHHe 0 TOM, 'ITO BepXHeH ero rpaHfueii 5IBJI5IeTCl! KOHeu
VI B. Jl.0 H. 3., OCTaJIOCb HeH3MeHHbIM i
1 PaCXO>KiJ.ellll51 Me>KiJ.Y A. J1. TepeHO)KKHllbiM II A. \\ :1 'O[JJ,J I
B Bonpoce 0 XpOIlOJlOrllH paccMaTpHBaeMOI! KaTerOpll!! He- 'J.ll!:'IOT Hil
acneKTbI :3TOH npo6.1eMbI, OTIIOC51mHeC51 K HaweMY MaTeplla.1V.
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Ta6J1. XIII. 4aCTH KOHCKOH Y3.llbl: 1-4 - T.1I!, Horp. N2 68
(no 5. B. TexoBY); 5-8 - KYJlaHypxB3 (no M. M. Tpanwy);
9-14 - CaMTaBpo (no M. C. nHpLlXaJIaBa). 1-3. 9-14-
KOCTb, 4, 6 - 6poH3a, 5, 7, 8 - ;.KC,lC30
90
MO)!(HO OTMeTttTb, tJTO, tIeCMOTpH Ha npUHa.ll.JlemHOCTb
K Ojl,HOMY nmy, TmlllCKHC H KYJIaHypXBHHCKHe YjI,HJIa He
HjI,eHTH'IHbI (Ta6JI. XIII, 4, 6). TJIHlICKHC YjI,HJIa B cpcAHeH
'1aCTH OCHOBaHHH CTpCMe'IKa HMCIOT cJIa60 BbIpa)!(eHHOe
YTOJIW.CHHC [TCXOB, 1963, pHC. 6, 2). KYJIaHypxBHHcKHe, He
HMelOmHC TaKoro YTOJIw.eHH5I, cHa6)!(eHbI rro KpaHM OCHO-
BaHHH Hc60JIbWHMH OTpOCTKaMH. B. 11. K03eHKOBa BbICKa-
3aJIa rrpCjI,nOJIO)KCHHC OTHOCHTeJIbHO XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKOrO
3Ha'leHHH TaKHX jl,CTaJICH. YTOJIw.eHHe B CpCjI,HeH 'IaCTH xa-
paKTepHO, no ec MHCHHIO, jl,JI5I paHHeH rpyrrrrbI Yjl,HJI
(BnJIOTb jl,0 Py6c)Ka VII-VI BB. jl,0 H. 3.), a jl,Ba 60KOBbIX
OTpOCTKa - jl,JIH Y jl,HJI VI BeKa jl,0 H. 3. [K03eHKOBa, 1977,
c. 78). Ojl,HaKO H3BCCTHbI CJIY'IaH CO'IeTaHHH 060HX BapH-
aHTOB B Ojl,HOM KOMnJIeKCe - K rrpHMcpy, B KeJIepMCCCKOM
KypraHc Ifill [raJIaHHHa, 1983, Ta6JI. 3, 5, 6]. DOJIee Ha-
jl,e)!(CH rr03ToMY jl,PyroH XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKHH rrOKa3aTeJIb-
qwpMa nCaJIHeB. Ew:c A. A. .HccccH, BbI)I.CJI 51 51 cTapIlIYIO
rpyrrny CTpCMC4KOBH)I.HbIX y)I. HJI , OTMeTHJI HX 06H3aTeJIbHOe
CO'ICTaHHC C apxaH4HbIMH 6pOH30BbIMH rrCaJIH5IMH. KOCTH-
HbIC )!(C H )KC.1JC3Hble nCaJIHH OC06CHHO 4aCTO CO'IeTaIOTC5I
co CTpCMC4KOBHjI,HbIM H Y )I.HJIaM H Ha rrpOT5I)KeHHH Bcero
VI B. )1.0 H. 3. [HCCCCH, 1953, C. 100). CTa6HJIbHbIH xapaK-
Tep nO)l.06HOro CO'ICTaHHH nO)l.TBep)!()l.eH H B HOBeHwHx
HCCJIC)l.OBaHHHX [l\03CHKOBa, 1977), HO HH)KH5I5I )l.aTa )!(e-
.TIe3Hbix TpCXlI.blp4aTbIx nCaJIHeB Tcrrcpb orryw.eHa )1.0 ccpe-
)l.HHbI VII B. )1.0 H. 3. {OeTpeHKO, 1983, c. 44; raJIaHHHa,
1983, c. 37]. KYJIaHypxBHHcKHe Y)l.HJIa OTHOC5ITCH K TaK Ha-
3bIBacMoMY KC:ICpMCCCKOMY THny H CO'IeTaIOTCH co C1'ep)K-
HCBbIMH TpCXnCTeJIb'IaTbIMH rr'caJIH5IMH C O)l.HHM 3arHYTbIM
KOHIl.OM, TaK)KC xapaKTepHbIMH )l.JIH rraMHTHHKOB KCJICp-
M CCCKOH rpynn bi.
Y)l.HJIa, BCCbMa 6JIH3KHe rro <pOpMC KYJIaHypXBHHCKHM Ii
KCJICpMCCCKHM, 6bIJIH 06HapY)KCHbl B ypapTcKOM CJIoe
(VII - Ha4aJIO VI B. )1.0 H. 3.) nOCeJIeHH5I HopIlIYH Tcne
BMeCTC C pacnpC;J.CJIHTCJIbHOH rrpOHH3blO, YKpaIlIeHHOH ro-
JIOBKOH poraToro rpH<pOHa (Ta6JI. XVIII, 1, 3) [Gladisr,
Hauptmann, 1974, c. 19; Hauptmann, 1972, c. 105-107,
Ta6JI. 69, 1, 21.
B norpe6cHlIH N!! 68 TJIHHCKOro MOrHJIbHHKa CTpCMC'IKO-
BH)l.HbIC 6pOH30BbIe yjl,HJIa corrpoBo)!()l.aIoTC5I )I.BYMH KOCTH-
HblMH TpCX.lblp4aTbIMH rrCaJIHHMH (Ta6JI. XIII, 1-3).
O<Pf>PMJICHHC meJICBWCrO HH)KHCrO KOHIl.a O)l.HOrO H3 HHX
B B!;fIC .1UUJ;UIIHOrO KorrblTa - 'ICpTa, XOpOIlIO H3BCCTHaa B
CKH CKHX lI,nl ITHIiKax C KOHIl.a VII B. )1.0 H. 3. H OC06CH-
HO B VI B. I L1.1aHHHa, 1983, Ta6JI. 8, 21, 24; .HJIbHHCKaH,
92
1'epeHO}KKHH, 1983, c. 321, 323]. TaM me ltMect aHaJlOrHH
npc;J.cTal3:lcHHbIl1 Ha T.'lIICICKIiX nCaJIH5IX npllCM YKpaWCHHH
I\X HaCC'IKaMH H KpY)KKaMH. B 3aKaBKa3bC 6JIH3KOrO TH-
na nCaJIHH H3BCCTHbi TaK)!(C B HHBCHTapc BpHJIbCKOrO MO-
rHJIbHHKa. 06JIOMKH KOCTHHbIX rrp5lMbIX )l.OBOJIbHO MaCCIIB-
HbIX nCaJIHCB C KOHIl.OM B BH)l.C KorrbITa 6bIJIH 06Ha py)!(C-
HbI H B norpc6cHHH N!! 106 CaMTaBpcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa.
OpHaMCHTaIl.HH HX BbICM'IaTbIMH TpcyrOJIbHHKaMH H)l.CHTH'I-
Ha YKpaIlIcHHIO nCaJIHCB TOro )!(C THna H3 )Ka60THHcKoro
KypraHa N!! 2 KOHIl.a VII B. )1.0 H. 3. [I1JIbHHcKa5l, 1975,
Ta6JI. VI, 10, 11, c. 61-62). TaKHM 06pa30M, aHaJIOrHIi
TJIHHCKHM rrCaJIHHM - KaK CKH<pCKHC, TaK H 3aKaBKa3-
CKHC - OTHOCHTCH K KOHIl.Y VII-VI B. )1.0 H. 3.
41'0 KacaCTCH )l.aTHpOBKH KOMrrJIeKCa TJIHHCKOro rrorpc.
6CHHH N!! 68 B UCJIOM, TO HC06XO)l.HMO OTMCTHTb CJIC)l.YIO-
llI,ec. B 3TOM norpc6CHHH CO)l.cp)KaJIC5I )KCJIC3HbIH aKHHaK
apxali4CCKoro THna (CM. rJI. II), H3BCCTHoro, KaK OTMC'Ia-
JIOCb BbllUC, B 3aKaBKa3bc co BTOpOH rrOJIOBHHbl VII B.
)1.0 H. 3. Ha VII B. KaK Ha HaH60JIcc BCp05lTHYlO )l.aTY 31'0ro
KOMn.1eKCa YKa3bIBalOT TaK)KC CO)l.Cp)KaBIlIHCC5I B HeM <ppar-
MCHTbl 6pOH30Boro n05lca C JIHHCHHbIM H TO'IC4HbIM opHa-
MCHTO I H H30rHYTaH rrpH)!(Ka. OCTaJIbHblC npC)l.MCTbl KOMn.
JICKCa, HMC5I 60JICC IlIHpOKHC XpOHOJIOrH'ICCKHC paMKH, He-
COMHCHHO )l.O)!(HBaIOT )1.0 py6c)!(a VII-VI BB. )1.0 H. 3. Bce
31'0 onpCjI,CJIHCT )l.aTy norpc6CHH5I N!! 68 H CO)l.CP)!(3BWHXC5J
B HeM CTpCMC'IKOBH)l.HbIX y)l.HJI HC paHCC BTOpOH nOJIOBHH hi
VII H BPH)I. JIH rr03)KC Ha'IaJIa VI B. )1.0 H. 3.
B IIHBeHTapc. norpc6CHHH N!! 4. KYJIaHypxBHHcKoro MO-
f1iJIbllIlKa HCT rrpC)l.MCTOB, KOTOpbIC Mor JIH 6bl npOJIHTb ;1.0-
nOJIHHTeJIbHbIH CB T Ha cro )l.aTHpoBKY, HO KaK HHBeHTapb
.1pyrHx norpc6cHHH co CKH<pCKHMH Bcw.aMH H3 3TOro MO-
rHJIbHHKa, TaK H npHBC)l.CHHbIC aHaJIOrHH Y3)1.C'IHOMY Ha60'
py YK33blBalOT Ha H3'I3JIO VI B. )1.0 H. 3. KaK Ha HaH60Jlee
BepOHTHYIO cro )l.aTY.
nO\1I1MO 6pOH30BbiX B 3aKaBKa3bC BCTpC'IaIOTCH H ,hC-
.1e3111>1C OIJ.HOKOJIb'IaTbIC yjl,HJIa )l.BYX THnOB, KaK npaBI!.111
CI14eTiJ IOW:HCCH C )l.pyrHM H 3JICMCHTaMH CKH<pCKOH Y3)1.bl H
HMC10WHC aHaJIOrHH B C06CTBCHHO CKH<pCKHX naM5ITHHK3X.
TaKHC Y3j1,e'lHblC Ha60pbl 6blJIH HaH)l.CHbl CpC)l.H norpe6eHIli'1
TJIHiicKOro MOrHJIbHHKa, B TCHIlIc6aHHH H B pa3pYI1ICHHO f
nOl'pCOCHHII H3 3IlIepbl.
B \10rHJIC N!! 16 TJIHHCKOro MOrHJIbHHKa <pparMeHTbI ,hC-
.1C311b1X y)l.HJI JIC)KaJIH p5I)l.OM C KOHCKHM 'ICpCnOM, con po-
BO/f.;:I,HHllHM 'ICJIOBC'ICCKOC rrorpc6cH HC. Y jl,HJI a O)l.HOKO.1 b-
4aTble. C Hapy)KHbIM KOJIbUOM, pacnOJIO)KCHHbIM Ha O)l.HOI!
93
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Ba51 25 (no B. 5. nHOTpOBCKOMY). 1-3 - rKe.1e30, 4-7-
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OCH co CTep)l{HeM. B TOM )l{e KOMrrJIeKCe C(uepihaJIHCb )l{e-
JIe3HbIH aKHHaK H TOrrOp, OrrHCaHHbIe Bb!We, II KOCT5IHOe
OKOHlJaHHe HO)l{eH - 6YTepOJIb, ocpopMJIeH!!a H B CKHcpCKOM
3BepHHOM CTHJIe [TexoB, 1980a, c. 39, pile. 14].
<PparMeHTbI )l{eJIe3HbIX Y.lI.HJI Toro )l{e THna BXO.lI.HJIH B
COCTaB KOHCKOH Y3.lI.bI, H H.lI.eHHOH B a.lI.OBO Ng 25 TeH-
we6aHHH. 3TOT Y3.lI.elJHbIH Ha60p BKJIIO'}aJI TaKiKC cpparMeH-
TbI' .lI.BYX )l{eJIe3HbIX TpeXrreTeJIblJaTbIX'H30rHYTblx nCaJIHeB
H lJeTbIpe MaCCHBHbIe 6pOH30Bble pacnpe,1e:lfne:lbHble npo-
HH3H [DHoTpoBcKHH, 1950, c. 93. pHC. 62; n IIOTpOBCKHH,
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B yrJIY KJIa.lI.OBOH, B KYlJe )l{eJIe3HOrO XJIaMa, H, OlJeBH.lI.HO,
npHHa,ll.JIe)l{aJI 3aw.HTHHKaM KpeIlocll1 (Ta6JI. XIV).
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1 - >KeJle30, 2-6, 8 - 6poll3a, 7, 9, 11, 12 - KOCTh
BepCTH5IMH, YKpaweHHbIe C O.ll.HOrO KOHua H306pa)!{eHHeM
KonbITa (rrpOTHBOrrOJIO)!{HbIe KOHUbI 06rope.1H H He coxpa-
HHJIHCb), '1eTbipe 6pOH30BbIe KJIIOBOBH.lI.Hble pacrrpe.ll.eJIH-
TeJIbHbIe rrpOHH3H 6e3 '1eTKO Bblpa)!{eHHOrO OCHOBaHH5I H O.ll.-
HY l1.HJIHH.lI.pH'IeCKYIO npOHH3b [OHOTpOBCKHI"i, 1950, c. 92,
pHC. 61]. Ha60p 6bIJI HaH.lI.eH Ha rroJIY llOYlew.eIlJl5J, Cpe.ll.H
6pOH30BbiX cocY.lI.OB (Ta6JI. XV).
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'1ecj{a51 (Ta6JI. XVI, 1-6).
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Kax TeHwe6aHHH Ha KOCT5IKe JIOwaJ.H, yrr3BILJl,jj C KpblWH
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pHC. 2). OH COCT05lJI II3 :tKe.le3H bIX Y:1I1.1 I [)CTa JlI1Cb Heorry6-
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BblX pacrrpe.ll.eJIHTeJIbHblX rrpOHH: ej'l. .lBC 113 KOTOpblX HMelOT
qJOPMY .lI.JIHHHOrO Y3Koro KJlIOBa Ha Ky6114ecKOM oCHOBaHHH,
a lJ.BC rrpe.ll.CTaBJI5IIOT rrJlOCKYIO Tpex,10n3CTHYIO CBaCTHKY,
rro.rIO)j{eHHYIO Ha UH.1HHlJ.pH4eCKoe OCHOBC1I1He (Ta6J1. XVII,
1-4).
CJIe;J.yeT yrrOM5IHYTb T31o;iKe Tpll nap 1,1 )!{e.1e3H blX Y.lI.HJI
co cMew.ellHoH Ha60K neTJleii, 8X0.1I1I1IIII1(' 8 COCTaB HlmeH-
Tap51 rrorpe6eHH5I H3 3wepbI, r.Je t)HIi COrrpOBO)!{.lI.aJIHCb
rrca.l H5JM H pe.ll.Koro THrra - iKeJle3H bl \! II peXrreTeJIb4 a TblM H
C .lI.BYM5J 3arHYTblMH B BH;J.e 6YKBbl C 1o;(J!fuaMH [WaM6a,
1983, c. 38, pHC. 1 J.
vb )!{eJIe3HbIX Y.lI.HJI .lI.BYX pacolOl Pt:;HbIX THrrOB rrep-
7 3aK. 524
97
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UOM - pacrrpOCTpaHeH He CJI\!WKOM WHpOKO, HO Bce }!{e
Il3BeCTeH 13 apXaIlqeCKIlX CKIl CKIlX Il caBpOMaTCKIlX Ila-
M5ITHIlKaX [CMIlpHOB, 1961, pHC. 46, 3]. B HaCT05lw.ee Bpe-
M5I OqeBIl.ll.HO, qTO Y.ll.IlJIa 3Toro TIlIla eCTb y}!{e 13 IlaM5ITHH-
Kax VII-VI BB..ll.O H. 3. [KoBIlaHeHKo, 1981, c. 110,
pIlC. 61, 5; faJIaHIlHa, 1983, Ta6JI. 8, 25]. 3HaqIlTeJIbH?
MHOrOQIlCJIeHHee 13 rraM5ITHHKaX CKIl CKOH Il caBpoMaTcKoIl
KYJIbTYP Y.ll.HJIa BToporo TIlrra - co CMew.eHHb!M Ha60K OT-
HOCIlTeJIbHO CTep}!{H5I BHeWHHM KOJIbll.OM [CMIlpHOB, 1961,
c. 82, pIlC. 45, 2-5; raJIaHIlHa, 1983, Ta6JI. 7, 6 Il 8, 33].
Y)1.IlJIa 060IlX YKa3aHHbiX THrrOB Hepe.ll.KO COqeTaIOTC5I 13 0)1.-
HOM KOMIlJIeKCe KaK .ll.pyr C JJ.pyroM, TaK Il C 6pOH30BbIMH
CTpeMeqKOBH.ll.HbIMH Y.ll.HJIaMIl [l1ecceH, 1953, pIlC. 20; l1ec-
ceH, 1954a, pIlC. 1, c. 114; raJIaHIlHa, 1983, Ta6JI. 3; I1JIb-
IlHcKaH, 1968, c. 105], KaK pacIlpoCTpaHeHHocTb }!{eJIe3-
HbIX Y.ll.IlJI 3TIlX TIlrrOB B CKI! CKIlX Il caBpoMaTcKIlx rraM5IT-
HIlKax, TaK Il - 13 ew.e 60JIbWeH Mepe - aKT COqeTaHIl51
IlX 13 IlepeqIlCJIeHHbiX 3aKaBKa3CK!fX KOMIlJIeKCaX C .ll.pyrIlMH
Ilpe.ll.MeTaMIl CKIl cKoro 06.TJ!!Ka I!03BOJI5IeT C 60JIbWoii CTe-
IleHbIO .ll.OCTOBepHOCTl! C4 HTaTb paccMoTpeHHbie 3aKaBKa3-
CKIle 3K3eMIlJI5IpbI CKH CKHMIl IlO IlPOIlCXO}!{)1.eHIlIO.
HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB 0 cOrrpOBO}!{.ll.aIOW.Ilx 3TIl Y.ll.IlJIa Ilca-
.TIH51X. B CB>BH C aHa.TJH30 CTpeMe4KOBIl.ll.Hb!X Y.ll.HJI Mbi y}!{e.
KOCHYJIHCb Borrpoca 0 KY bTYPHOH IlpIlHa.ll.JIe}!{HOCTIl Il .ll.aTe
}!{eJIe3Hb1X TpeXrreTeJIbqaTblX rrca.TJHeB C 3arHYTb!M KOHUOM,
Ilo.ll.06HbiX rrCaJIH!O, BXO.l51w.e y 13 Y3.ll.eqHbIrr Ha60p Il3 KJIa-
.ll.OBOH 25 TeHWe6a!!HlL 4TO KaCaeTC51 }!{eJIe3HbiX TpexIle-
TeJIbqaTbiX C-BIl.ll.HbiX rrCam!eB Il3 3wepcKoro Ilorpe6eHH5I,
TO rrp51Mbfe aHaJIOrHIt KiJJ-; !IX opMe, TaK Il crroc06y IlX
KperrJIeHH5I C Y.ll.H a l! nocpeJJ.cTBoM .lOrrOJIHIlTeJIbHOrO
CTep}!{H5J C K()JIbUO Ha:Y1 HC!!3BeCTHbI. Ha3BaHHble B 3TOM
Ka4eCTBe r. K. UlaM60i'I 11983, c. 331 3K3eMIl.115IpbI Il3 Ma-
KeeBKH rra.1aHIllIa. 1977. lao.T!. 7, 2], KY.11aHYPxBbI Il Terr-
We6aIlH!! (CM. BbllIle) OT!i(JC51TC5I K IlpIlHUIlIlIlaJIbHO HHOMy,
y}!{e rrpoal!a.TJH3HpOBaH!!O Y HaMIl.TIlrry.
KOCT5IHbie IlJIaCTHH4aT!>IC rrCa.11IlIl TIlrra, npe.ll.CTaB.TJeH-
Horo B Ha60pe H3 rrO'.lelliCHII51 18 Il 13 rOpO.ll.CKI!X KBapTa-
.11ax TeHwe6aIlHIl (la6.1. :\VII, 5, 6), xopowo Il3BeCTHbI
13 CKH CKHX rraM5IT!lIIKax. 5. 5. nIlOTpOBCKIlH HeO.ll.HOKpaT-
HO IlO.ll.4epKHBa.11 HX 6.11i'WCTb K 3K3eMIl.'l5lpaM, pacIlpocT-
paHeHHbl 13 CKH CKIIX rraM5IrTHIlKax nOJ,HerrpOBb5l.
B. A. I1JIbIlHcKa51 [1968. C 1071 cptlBHIlBaJIa Ka PMIlp6JIYP-
CKIle rrJIaCTHHqaTble nCa,llIll C }!{at"ffnIlHcKIlMIl Il )1.aTIlpOBa-
.11a BTOpoil IlO.11OBI!Hm"! \' [I B, .ll.0 H. 3. npIleM O OpMJIe-
98
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y}!{e YIlOMIlHa.T!OCb. B CKH CKOH KY,lIbType 6bIJI WIlpOKO 1I3-
BeCTeH (CM., Harrpl!'.lep, [ra.11aHIlHa, 1983, Ta6.11. 8, 21, 24
11 .ll.p.]).
n acTHH4aTbie KOCT5IHbie IlCaJIIlIl Harr.ll.eHbi He TOJIbKO B
TeI"lwe6aIlHIl, HO !! B .lPYfllX ypapTcKIlX ll.eHTpax. TaKOH
nCaJIHH, YKpaweHl!blr! rO.11OBKOrr poraToro rpIl OHa (TIlIla
Hai!.ll.eHHOH' B TeHwe6aHHIl [nHOTpOBCKIlH, 1950, pIlC. 64]),
06Hapy}!{eH B Xar!Ka6ep.ll.e [Erzen, 1978, pIlC. 41), oTKY.ll.a
IlpOIlCXO.ll.IlT TaKlli.e MHoro CKIl cKoro TIlIla CTpeJI. nO.ll.06-
Hb!H Ilca.TJHH H eeTC51 H B COCTaBe K.TJa.n.a H3 3HBIle {Porada,
1963, pIlC. 71]; OH YKpaweH rOJIOBKol'l poraToro }!{IlBOTHOro'
IlO-BH.ll.HMOMy 6apaHa, HO co CTOHqIfMH ywaMIl; pora 3a'-
KpyqeHbl BOKpyr r.1a3a, qTO TIlIlIlqHO .ll.JI5I paHHeCKIl cKoro
HCKyccTBa (Ta6.'1. XVIII, 2, 4-7).
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KOHell. KOToporo O OpMJIeH 13 BIl.ll.e CTIl.11H30BaHHoH rOJIOB-
Kif }!{HBOTHOro, IlPO!!CXO,'J.IlT Il3 AprIlWTIlXIlHIlJIIl [TIlpall.5IH,
19721. r.ll.e B'.leCTe C IH!M 6b!JIIl HaH.ll.eHb! parMeHTbi .ll.PY-
rHX KOCT5IHb!X H3.Je.1Ill'! Il KpyrJIblH aJIap (Ta6Jl. XVI.
8-12).
K lIOBOBH.lHbie rrpoHIl3Il .ll.JI5I rrepeKpecTHblx peMHerr 1£3
orrIlcaHHbiX Y3.JeqHb!X Ha60pOB aHaJIOrHqHb! TeM, KOTopble'
WIlpOKO Ilpe.lCTaB eHW 13 CKIl CKIlX H caBpOMaTCKHX Ila
M5ITI!IIKaX, HaI!60.1Ce 6,lH3KOH aHaJIOrHerr IlpOHIl351M 1f3 rro:--
Mew.eHFl5I N2 18 Tei'!we6aIlHIl K. <P. CMIlpHOB CqIlTaJI Ilpd'-
HIl3b !!3 caBpoMaTcKoro KypraHa Ng 5 y ceJIa MaTBeeBCKO-
1'0, .ll.aTHpyeMoro KOHUOM VI-V B. )1.0 H. 3. [CMIlPHOB.
1961, c. 90, pIlC. 50, 15], a Toro }!{e TIlIla IlpOHIl3Il Il3 Ila-
.Mern:eHH5I N2 25 OH c6.1H}!{a.11 C 3K3eMrr.115IpOM Il3 caBpoMaT-
CKoro B.11a.ll.I!MIlpCKOro KypraHa Ng 2, OTHOC5Iw.erOCfl K VI-
V BB. .ll.0 H. 3. rC\alpHOB, 1961, c. 90, pIlC. 51, 1]. YfccJ1e-
.ll.OBaTe.TIb 06paTH TaK}!{e BHIlMaHIle Ha IlPIlCYTcTBIle opo-
HH3eH 6JIH3KOrO T!lHa B Y3.ll.eqHbIX Ha60pax aXeMeHIl.ll.CKOrO
I1paHa. KJIlOBOB!UHble IlpOHIl3Il, 6JIIl3KHe 3K3eMIlJI5IpaM H3
IloMew.eHI!5I Ng 18 TeHwe6aIlHH, - 6e3 qeTKo OT.ll.eJI51fOwe-
rOC51 OT KJIIOBil OCHOBaHIl51 - eCTb B Ke.11epMeCCKIlx Kypra-
Hax [raJIaHI!Ha, ]983, Ta6JI. 9, 23-261 H 13 KypraHe y
XYT. KpacHoe 3Hil\!51 [neTpeHKo, 1983, c. 47, pIlC. 2 I I.
n pOHH3b C rO.10B K' n U ! 6apa Ha H3 Ka pM Hp6JIYPCKoro rrOMe-
rn:eHIl51 Ng 25 061,l\IHbIM peweHIleM HanOMHHaeT KemipMec-
CKHe rrpOHIl3!! C ' ':IOBKaMIl rpIl oHa rApTaMoHoB, 1966,
pIlC. 7; raJIaHliH3. 1983, Ta6,1. 8, 5-6 H .ll.p:].
CBoe06pa3HLI ;;;10HH3H 13 BIl.Je UIl.TIHH.Jpa, YBeHQaHHOrO
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uie,6aHHH. fIo;1.06Hble 11pOHH3H, KaMeTCH, HeH3BeCTHbl HH B
C <pCKOH, HH B ypapTl'!,oii KYJlbType. EJIHHCTBeHHblH npeJl.-
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HHBaTb, - npOHH311 In K)'praHa N2 30 MOrHJlbHHKa YHra-
100
paK, y KOTOpblX Ha UIIJlHlu.pHlJeCKOM OCHOBaHHH nOMew.eHa
o,J,Ha nJlOCKaH CTHJlH30BaHHaH nTHlJbH rOJlOBKa [BHwHeB-
CKaH, 1973, Ta6.1. XII, 10-14, 16, c. 27, 104]. no KOMno-
3l1UHI1 llie ;I.eKOpa 6J1H3KO K 3THM KapMHp6J1YPCKHM npo-
HH3HM 6pOH30Boe HaBepWlIe H3 TJlHllCKOro MOrHJlbHHK3
rTexoB, 1977, c. 154-155, pHC. 108J. nO;J.06HaH cxeMa H3-
Tpex pa3Mew.eHHblX no Kpyry H 06paw.eHHblx B OJl.HY CTO-
pOHY rOJlOB :iKHBOTHbIX xopowo H3BeCTHa B HCKYCCTBe ne-
pe;I.HeH A3HH 11, nO-BIUHMOMY, 3aHMCTBOBaHa OTTYJl.a
rfIorpe60Ba M. H., 1984, c. 150-15IJ.
Cepe6pHHbili <paJlap, OrHOcHw.HHCH K 3TOMY )Ke Y3J1.et!-
HOMY Ha60py,. CXOJl.eH C 6pOH30BbIM <paJlapoM H3 ApmwTH-
XHHHJlH, ynOMHHyrblM Bblwe.
3aBepwaH onHcaHHe Y3;I.elJHb1X Ha60poB CKH<pcKoro Bpe-
MeHH H3 3aKaBKa3bH, CJle;I.yeT OCTaHOBHTbCH Ha TpeXJl.bIP-
lJaTblX nCaJlHHX, C; eJlaHHbIX H3 KJlblKOB )KHBOTHbIX, npeHMY-
w.eCTBeHHO Ka6aHoB, H Ha nOJl.paMalOw.Hx HM no <POp Me
porOBblX 3K3eM n.1Hpax. E;I.HHHlJHble HaXOJl.KH nOJl.06HblX nca-
mIeB 6blJlH C;I.e.laHbl B TaKHX COJl.epMaw.HX CKH<pCKHe 3J1e-
MeHTbl naMHTIIIIKax, KaK CaMTaBpCKHH MOnlJlbHHK (norpe-
6eHHe N2 284) II MOrHJlbHHK PKHHHC- KaJlo (rrorpe6eHHe
N2 27). BCTpelJa.l HCb OHH H B naMHTHHKaX ypa pTCKOH KYJlb-
lypbI. LlBa TahliX nCaJlHH 6blJlH HaHJl.eHbl npH pacKonKax
rOpOJl.CKIIX KBapTaJlOB TeHwe6aHHH [MapTHpocHH, 1961,.
c. 124, pHC. 55], O;J.HH - npH paCKonKax 3pe6YHH [XOJl.-
/Kaw, TpyxTaH013a, OraHecHH, 1979, c. 105, pHC. 1131 H
;I.Ba - B ynoMHHaBweMCH Bblwe ypapTcKOM ueHTpe XaHKa'
6epJl. [Erzen, 1978, pHC. 421 (Ta6J1. XVIII, 4, 7).
B C06CTBClllfO CKH<pCKHX naMHTHHKax nO.l1.06HOrO pOJl.a
nCaJlHH BCTpeLI3lOTcH Jl.OBOJlbHO pe,1.KO [HJlbHIiCKaH, 1968,
pHC. 106]. P. fllplLIMaH, nOCBHTHBWHH K.lbIKOBHJl.HbIM nca-
:1115'';! nO;I.p0611(Jf' HCC.'1e:rOBaHHe [Ghirshman, 1977J, CBH3bl-
13aeT HX cnelJ,II<1.1hHO C HpaHcKIIMH HapoJl.aMH (CM. 06 3TOM
nOJ.po6HO '[fIorpe60Ba M. H., 1984, c. 71-72]), O;I.HaKO
;J.OCTaTOlJHO wllpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHe TaKHX nCaJlHeB B.
pa3HWX 06 UCTHX ;J.peBHero MHpa 3aCTaB HeT OTHeCTIlCb K
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fIO;JJlenpOCbc I1IJ.[(J6Hble nCaJlHH 3a<pHKcHpoBaHbl ew.e B Jl.0-
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Ha:rJleiKHOCTH " nYTHX pacnpOCTpaH(,HHH nOKa, OlJeBHJl.HO,
C.l'2,1YCT OCT<lBI! J f, OTKpbITbIM.
Ew.e OJ.HH I1peJ.MeT, H\1elOw.Hii' OTHoweHHe K e13pa3HII-
CKOMY IWIICKO\\\ CHapHMeHHlO, 6bl.l 06HapYMeH B ynoMH-
HyroM norpe0( lillli 6mB 3wepbl. 3;I.eCb BMeCTe C iKeJle3-
101
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poro ocpopMJIeH B BIi.LI.e H306pa)!{eHH5I rOJIOBbi )!{HBOTHOro,
OCKaJIIiBIlIerO naCTb [WaM6a, 1983, pliC. 1, 21]. 3TOT npe.LI.-
MeT lJpe3BbIlJaHHO 6JIli30K caBpOMaTCKIiM KJIbiKaM-aMYJIe-
TaM, nO.LI.BeIlIIiBaBIlIIiMC5I K KOHCKOH c6Pye, B lJaCTHOCTIi
8MYJIeTY 1i3 BToporo Oepe)!{KOBCKOro KypraHa B HH)!{HeM
DOBOJI)!{be rCMlipHOB, 1961, c. 92, pliC. 53, 1].
npIiHa.LI.JIe)!{HOCTb 60JIbIlIHHCTBa paccMoTpeHHbIx 3JIe-
MeHTOB KOHCKOH Y3.LI.bI CTenHbIM eBpa3liHCKliM KYJIbTypaM
npe.LI.CTaBJI5IeTC5I O'ieBIi.LI.HoH. 3HalJliTeJIbHa5I lJaCTb npliBe-
)l.eHHbIX aHa./lOrliH COCpe.LI.OTOlJHBaeTC5I B CTenHbIX Ii JIeco-
CTenHbIX paiioHax CKlicplili, B npliKy6aHbe H B caBpoMaT-
.cKOM apeaJIe, nplilJeM B npliKy6aHbe Ii B JIeCOCTenHOM
TIo.LI.HenpOBbe 3TIi aHaJIOrHH oc06eHHO BbIpa3HTeJIbHbI. B TO
1Ke BpeM5I MO)!{HO npe.LI.nOJIaraTb onpe}l.eJIeHHYIO - nOKa
€IlI.e cJIa60 HaMelJaIOIlI.YIOC5I - CB5I3b C caKCKHMIi naM5ITHH.
'KaMIi.
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HbiX B 3aKaBKa3be, YCTaHaBJIHBaeTC5I Ha OCHOBaHli1i npHBe-
)l.eHHblX napaJIJIeJIeH B npeJI.eJJax VII-V BB. }I.0 H. 3., xpo-
HOJIOrli5I )!{e caMIiX CO.LI.ep)!{aBIlIIiX IiX 3aKaBKa3CKliX KOMn-
eKCOB n03BOJI5IeT OrpaHlilJliTb ee HalJaJIOM 3Toro nepIiO.LI.a,
1'. e. VII - nepBbIMIi .LI.eC5ITH.TJeTH5IMIi VI B. .LI.O H. 3. Onpe.
)l.eJI 51 1OIlI.IiM Ii npH 3TOM CJIy)!{aT ypapTcKlie naM5ITHliKii C EX
)l.OCTaTOlJHO TBep.LI.OH XpOHOJlOrueH. HaXO.LI.KIi 3JIeMeHTOR
CKH.cp:CKOH Y3.LI.bI npli HCCJle:IOBaHHIi ypapTcKIiX U.eHTpOB,
p cnOJIO)!{eHHbIX BHe paCCMaTpHBaeMOH B .LI.aHHOH pa60Te
1'eppHTOplili COBeTCKoro 3aKaBKa3b5I, nO.LI.TBep)!{.LI.aIOT 3TY
x pOHOJIOrli 10.
CTOJIb X,!paKTepHblH 3.1eMe1lT CKlicpCKOH KYJIbTypbI, Ka-
KHM 6bIJI Y3.LI.elJHbIH Ha6op, oco6eHHO lJeTKO YKa3bIBaeT Ha
HenOCpe.LI.CTBeHHbIe CHOIlIeHHH ypapToB co CKlicpaMIi. EIlI.e
A. A. I1ecceH HeO.LI.HOKpa THO nOJ.lJepKIiBaJI 6JIli30CTb «CKlicp-
CKHX» .LI.peBHOCTeH KapMHp-6.1ypa KOMnJIeKcaM KeJIepMeC-
CKIiX KypraHoB npliKy6aHbH. Ii Heo6xo.LI.IiMOCTb YlJHTbIBaTb
3TOT cpaKT npH .LI.aTHpOBKe COOTBeTCTBYIOIlI.IiX CKlicpCKHX na-
M5ITHIiKOB. B Ha60pax )Ke, npe.1.CTaBJIeHHbIX B KeJIepMeCe,
OTlJeTJIIiBO npOCJle)!{HBaIOTC5I nepeJI.Hea3liaTCKlie lJepTbI [fa-
JIaHIiHa, 1983, c. 40]. B lJaCTHOCTIi, K nepe.LI.Hea3HaTcKIiM
3aIiMCTBOBaHH5IM, KaK 3TO nr.Ka3aJIa JI. K. faJIaHIiHa, OT-
HOC5ITC5I KOHCKHe HaJlo6HHKI'. Y)!{e HeO.LI.HOKpaTHo OTMelJa-
JIOCb rnorpe6oBa M. H.. 1981, c. p6; faJIaHHHa, 1983,
c. 40; norpe6oBa M. H., 1984. c. 10g-101], lJTO K nepe.LI.-
He 3HaTCKIiM npOTOTlinaM (R lJacTIfoCTIi, K 3K3eMnJI5Ipy,
Hali.LI.eHHoMy B 3HBHe) OlJeHL 6.1H30K HaJI06HliK 113 MaJIo-
102
rO KypraHa B MH.1bCKOii CTenH. O.LI.HaKO 3TOT HaJI06HliK .LI.O-
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rO 3aKaBKa3CKO-nepe.LI.Hea3HaTCKlie KOHTaKTbI; co CKlicpCKIi-
tdli .LI.peBHOCT5IMIi np5IMOrO CXO.LI.CTBa 3TOT npe.LI. MeT He 06Ha-
PY)!{IiBaeT.
3aKJIIOlJa5I .LI.aHHbIH pa3.LI.eJI, XOTeJIOCb 6bI eIlI.e pa3 no.LI.-
qepKHYTb, lJTO 3.TJeMeHTbI CKHcpCKOH KOHCKOH Y 3 .LI.bI B 3aKaB-
Ka3be BCTpelJalOTC5I IiJIH B ypapTcKIiX u.eHTpax, IiJIIi B na-
td5ITHIiKaX, HaXO.LI.5IIII.IiXC5I B apeaJIe KOHu.eHTpau.1i1i apxali-
qecKHX 3JIeMeHTOB CKlicpCKOH KYJIbTypbI B npe.LI.eJIax IiCCJIe.
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B CKH«I»CKOM 3BEPHHOM CTHJIE
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CTIiRH, B 3aKaBKa3be CpaBHliTeRb60 MaRO, HO OHIi qeTKO
BbI.LI.emIIOTCH Ha cpOHe MeCTHOrO IiCKyccTBa, IiMeBWerO, KaK
1i3BeCTHO, C06CTBeHHble r J1y60Klie Tpa.LI.IiII.1i1i B 1i306pa)Ke-
HIiH )KIiBOTHbIX. Cyw.eCTBeHHO, 4TO, KaK npaBIiJlO, npeLlMe-
Tbl C 1i306pa)KeHIHIMH B 3BepHHOM CTIiRe BCTpe4aIOTCS!: B
KOMnReKCaX C LlpyrliMIi 3J1eMeHTaMIi CKI1<pCKOH KYJlbTYPbI.
npeLlCTaBReHHble B 3aKaBKa3be naMHTHHKH CKHcpCKOrO
IiCKYCCTBa BKJlI04aIOT CpaBHHTeJlbHO OrpaHli4eHHblH Ha60p
06p830B.
TOA08Ka xUU{Hoii nTu4bl C CUAbHO 3aKpY'leHHbIM KAIO-
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JlOBKI1 npOIiCXOLlHT H3 KapMHp-6J1ypa. OLlHa 113 HI1X--
6pOH30BaH - HBJlHeTCH, nO-BHjJ.I1MOMY, PYKOHTKOH KaKOrO-TO
npe.LI.MeTa, B03MOMHO HOMa (Ta6R. XIX, 4). OCTaRbHbIe
CLleRaHbI H3 KOCTIi; OHIi C.1YMI1J1Ii; 04eBIi.LI.HO, LlJlH YKpawe-
HI1H KOHCKOH Y3.LI.bI Ii nO'3ToMY ynoMHHYTbI B npeLlbILlyw.eH
rRaBe. OLlHa 1i3 HI1X npeJCTaBJlHeT C060H BepXHI1H KOHeQ
ncaJlHH (Ta6R. XIX, 1), ;1Be Jl.pyrHe BeH4aRH peMeHHble
npoHH3H (Ta6J1. XIX, 2, 3). Ew.e OJ.Ha He3aKOH4CHHaH npo-
HH3b H3 KapMl1p-6J1ypa JO.TJMHa 6b1J1a cKopee Bcero nORY-
411Tb TaKoe Me OcpopM.1eHlle (Ta6R. XIX, 6). ,LLBe KOCTH-
HbIe rO.10BKIi npollcxn.UIT li3 T Jll1ikKOrO MOrl1J1bHI1Ka
(Ta6R. XIX, 10, 15). C\E'''1Y, BOCXO.'J.HW.YIO K TOMy )Ke 06-
pa3Y, BOCnp0I13BoJ.IIT 6pOll30BbIH HaKOHe4HliK HO)KeH 1i3
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flan60Jlee npOCT3 OpO!UOBaH rOROBKa 113 KapMlip-6RY-
pa. jJ HeH BbI.LI.e.1eHLI .[Bl' :lCTaJlH: r.TJa3 B BI1J1.e npaBH.1bHOH
no ccpepli4eCKOH BblnYK OCTH 6e3 KaKI1X 6b1 TO HH 6 RO
Jl.onOJlHHTeJlbH X npopll('(jBOK, BaJlIiKOB Ii T. n. 11 CI1RbHO 3a-
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CKOM Ml1pe MbI He 3HaeM. DO)KaJIYH, onpe)l.eJIeHHOe CXO)l.CT-
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lIII1H 113 YJIpCKOrO KypraHa ,N'g 2 [ApTaMoHoB, 1966,
Ta6JI. 61], r)l.e MbI BI1)1.I1M TY )Ke rrO)l.4epKHYTYlO 3aKpY4eH-
HOCTb KJIIOBa, BbIcTynalOllI.l1H nOJIyccpepl14eCKI1H rJIa3, 06-
I1H JIaKOHI13M 11 CXeMaTI1'IHOCTb TpaKToBKH. Bnp04eM,
TJIa3 Ha YJIbCKOM HaBepllIl111 TpaKToBaH 3Ha411TeJIbHO )l.e-
TaJIbHee 11 I1MeeT HeCKOJIbKO I1HOe B3aI1MOpaCnOJIO)KeHl1ec
KJIIOBOM. .
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l{e06pa3HblH CI1JIbHO Bbl"CTynaIOllI.HH rJIa3 co CTOpOHb! KJIIO-
Ba 06paMJIeH )l.OnOJIHI1TeJIbHbIM peJIbecpHbIM nOJIYKOJIbUOM.
KJIIOB 60JIbllIOH, 1lII1pOKI1H, npeBOCXO)l.Hrn.HH pa3MepaMI1 ro-
JIOBKY, nOKpbIT rJIy60KI1MI1 Bpe3HbIMI1 3arI16alOrn.I1MI1C5I no-
JIOCaMH. Y KOHua KJIIOBa I1MeeTC5I. MaJIeHbKOe KpyrJIOe
CKB03Hoe oTBepCTl1e. DO)l.06Ha51 Mai1epa H306pa)KeHHH KJIIO-
Ba- XOpOllIO 113BeCTHa B CKl1cpCKOM I1CKyccTBe. TaK ocpopMJIe-
HbI, HarrpHMep, HaKOHe'IHI1K nCaJII151 113 )Ka60TI1HCKOro KYP-
faHa Ng 2 [I1JIbI1HCKa5l, 1965, pl1c. 13, 3) 11 - npe)K)l.e Bce-
TO - BTopoe HaBepllIl1e 113 Toro )Ke Y JIbCKOrO KypraHa Ng 2
rApTaMoHoB, 1966, Ta6JI. 58]. Y noro nOCJIe)l.Hero Mbl BH-
.D.I1M TaKYIO )Ke KaHHeJIl1pOBaHHOCTb KJIIOBa 11 l1)1.eHTI1'IHOe
B3aHMOpaCnOJIO)KeHl1e KJIIOBa 11 BbrnYKJIOrO rJIa3a. AHaJIO-
rl1'IHa TpaKToBKa 'IeTbipeX nTI1'IbI1X rOAOB, )l.OnOJIHI1TeJIbHO
YKpallIalOrn.I1X 3TO HaBepllIl1e. B3aI1MOpaCnOJIO)KeHl1eM KJIIO-
Ba, nOKpbIToro rJIy60KI1MI1 Bpe3HbIMI1 nOJIOCaMI1, H rOJIOBKI1
HanOMI1HalOT KapMI1p6JIypCKI1e 3K3eMnJIHpbl H HeKOTopble
.D.pyrl1e paHHeCKl1cpCKl1e HaBepllI 1151 [I1JIbHHCKaH, 1968,
pl1C. 42,4, Ta6JI. XXXVI, 13).
Wl1pOKHH, nOKpbITbIH Bpe3HbIMI1 nOJIOCaMI1, HO 04eHb
CJIa60 3arHYTblH KJIIOB Mbl 811)1.I1M 11 Ha O)l.Hoi1 113 KapMl1p-
6JIypCKIIX npOH113eH. fJIa3 Ha HeH TaK)Ke H306pa)KeH peJIb-
ecpHblM KOJIbU01'.1, 06p aMJIeH H blM )l.onO.1 H IITC.l bHO BHellIHI1M
nOJIYKOJIbUOM (Ta6JI. XIX, 3). J(pyra51 npOHI13b oTTY)l.a )Ke
HMeeT JIHllIb 1lII1pOKYlO JIOnaCTb, nOKpbITYIO Hape3HbIMH
BOJIHHCTbl1'.111 nOJIOCaMI1, C MaJIeHbKI1M, TaKffie Hape3HblM
KPYlKKOM. HecoMHeHHo, 'ITO 3)1.eCb cxeMaTH4HO nepe)l.aH TOT
)Ke 06pa3 (Ta6JI. XIX, 2).
YnoMHHaBllIaHC5I BblllIe rOJIOBKa H31 T JI\JJ1CKOro MOrI1JIb-
HI1Ka (norpe6eHl1e Ng 216) cxeMa T1131! B3 H a ern.e 60JIbllIe.
KOHTYP caMOH rOJIOBKI1 e)l.Ba HaMe'leH. TOHKHH K.1IOB 3a-
KPY4eH B OJl.I1H 060pOT. 11 rOJIOBKa, II K.1IOB nOKpb!TbI KO-
106
-cbIMI1 Hape3KaMI1. BHellIHHMI1 04epTaHH5IMII 3Ta rOJIOBKa
HanOMHHaeT HaKOHe4HI1K 113 Kypr&Ha Ng 3 Y HIDKHHX Ce-
por03 [ApTaMoHoB, 1968, pl1c. 6]. O)l.HaKO BMeCTO BOJIIOT 11
OBaJIOB CKl1cpcKoro npe)l.MeTa, HBJIHlOllI.I1XCH, no MIIeHHIO
M. 11. ApTaMoHoBa, O)l.HI1M 113 .'].peBHeHllII1X npl1MepOB
«300MOPCPHbIX npeBpalll.eHI1H», Ha TJIIIHCKOM 3K3eMnJI5Ipe
HMeIOTC5I JII111Ib KOCble HaCe'lKI1, nOKpbIBalOrn.l1e rOJIOBKY 11
KJIIOB.
BTopa51 rOJIOBKa 113 TJII1HCKOrO MOrl1JIbHI1Ka (norpe6e-
HHe Ng 246), CJIY)KHBllIa51 HaKOHe4HHKOM HO)KeH aKI1HaKa,
COCTOI1T 113 )l.BYX npl1MepHO O)l.l1HaKOBOro pa3Mepa KPY)K-
KOB, npl1MbIKaIOllI.l1X )l.pyr K )l.pyry. O)l.I1H H3 HI1X, I1MeIO-
lU.I1H B ueHTpe KpyrJIYIO 51MKY, OKpY)KeHHYIO peJIbeqmbIM
KOJIbUOM, O'IeBI1)1.HO, 0603Ha4aeT rOJIOBY C KpyrrHbIM Kpyr-
JIbiM rJIa30M, a )l.PyroH - C KpyrJIbIM CKB03HbIM OTBepCTI1-
eM, OKpY)KeHHbIM Hape3HbIM KOJIbUOM, - 3aKpY'IeHHbIH BHI13
KJIIOB (Ta6JI. XIX, 15) .M. C. Dl1puxaJIaBa, nOJl.4epKI1BaH
CKl1cpCKYIO npI1Ha)l.JIe)KHOCTb 06pa3a, nOJIO)KeHHoro B OCHOBY
::nOH rOJIOBKl1, OTMe'IaJIa OTCYTcTBl1e npHMblx aHaJIOrl1H eH
B CKl1cpCKOM HCKyccTBe. Do MHeHl110 I1CC.'le)l.OBaTeJIH, CTI1-
JII1CTI1IJeCKI1 TJIHHCKI1H HaKOHe4HI1K C6JIl1lKaeTC5I C nTl14bl1-
MH rOJIOBKaMI1 113 KJIa.D.a B 3HBI1e [nl1pUXaJIaBa, 1975,
,c. 181. Hal160JIee 6JIH3KI1 TJII1HCKOH rOJIOBKe, XOT5I HeCKOJIb-
KO MeHee CXeMaTI14HbI, rOJIOBKI1 XHrn.HbIX nTI1U Ha n05lce H3
311BI1e [Ghirshman, 1964, pHC. 147).
YnoM5IHYTbIH 6pOH30BbIH HaKOHe4HI1K HOlKeH 113 J(BaH-
-cKOro MOrl1JIbHI1Ka npe,lJ.CTaB.'1HeT C060lI nOJIbIH KOHYC C 3a-
KpY4eHHbIM Cnl1paJIbIO KOHUOM. B HH)KHeH 4aCTI1 KOHyca
pacnOJIO)KeHa nOJIyccpep 114eCKaH Bbrnyt<JIOCTb, 0603Ha'IaIO-
llI.a51 rJIa3 [MaKaJIaTI151, 1949, pl1c. 6]. nO-BI1)1.I1MOMY, 3TO
CI1JIbHO CXeMaTI13I1pOBaHHa51 BapHaUHH TOro )Ke MOTI1Ba ro-
JIOBKI1 C 3aKpY4eHHblM KJIIOBOM. 00:106Horo Tl1na HaKOHe4-
HI1KI1, HO elll.e 60JIee yrrporn.eHHblc. C neTJIeH Ha KOHl1.e,
BCTpe4eHbl B l1.eHTpaJIbHOH 4aCTII CeBepHoro KaBKa33
[KpynHoB, 1960, Ta6JI. LXXV, 2, 3).
HeKoTopbIe npeJl.MeTbl 113 3aK3BK33bH CJI, e)l.yeT BH.'].HMO,
paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK npe)l.eJIbHO ynporn.eHHbIe BOnJIorn.eHI151
TOro )Ke 11306pa3HTeJIbHOrO 1'.10TIIB3. 113 paHHI1X Bern.eH K
HI1M OTHOCHTC5I Onl1CaHHbIe B npe.Jbuyrn.eH rJIaBe KJIIOBO-
Bl1)1.HbIe npOHI1311 OT KOHCKOII YCUbL 113 60.lee n03)1.HHX
npeJl.MeTOB I1HTepeCHbi nJIOCKl1e 6pOH30Bble nJIaCTHHb! B 811-
)l.e OJl.HOBI1TKOBOH cnl1paJII1, H3UJliB3BllII1eCH Ha KaKYIO-TO
OCHOBY. O)l.Ha TaKaH nJIaCTHH3 H311.'leHa B norpe6eHI111
c Belll.aMI1 CKl1cpCKI1X Tl1nOB B K3.\eTI1I1 (Ta6.1. XIX, 9)
JMaMal111IBI1JII1, 1980, Ta6JI. XXX. 11], HeCKOJIbKO, no CBI1-
107
..'I.eTeJlbCTBY C. M. Ka3HeBa [1951, c. 29-30, Ta6J1. V,
15), - B MHHre'Iaype (Ta6JI. XIX, 17). Jl1060nbITHO, 'ITO B
..'I.pyroM KOMnJleKCe H3 KaxeTHH [MaMaHWBIIJlH, 1980,
Ta6J1. XXXI, 51 HaH..'I.eHa nJlaCTHHa COBepweHHO H;J.eIITH'I-
HOII, HO npHHUHnHaJlbHO H nO-HHOMY OCMblCJleHHOH cpOpMbI
(Ta6J1. XIX, 18). 3J1.eCb 3arHYTblH KOHeu nJlaCHlHbI, nepBo-
Ha'IaJlbHO 0603Ha'IaBllIHH KJlIOB, HHTepnpeTilpOBaH B BHJl.e
rO.'10BKH KaKorO-TO mHBOTHoro; COOTBeTCTBeHHO BeCb npeJl.-
MeT npeBpa'-l1.aeTCH B H306pameHHe cpHrYPbI 3BepH C nOBep-
HYTOH Ha3aJl. rOJlOBOH, T. e. npeJl.CTaBJlHeT MOTHB, CTOJlb me
XOPOWO H3BeCTHbIH C paHHero BpeMeHH B CKHcpCKOM 3BepH-
HOM CTHJle (cp. [11J1bHHCKaH, 1965, pHC. 8]), KaK H pac-
CMa TpHBaeMblH HaMH CeH'IaC MOTHB rOJlOBKH XHIlI.HOH nTH-
UbI C 3ar;HYTbIM KJlIOBOM, H3BeCTHbIH B CKHcpHH yme B
VII B. Jl.0 H. 3. [HJlbHHCKaH, 1976, c. 23-24, pHC. 4, 6].
B MCCTHOM 3aKaBKa3CKOM HCKyccTBe 3TOT nOCJleJl.HHH npaK-
TH'IeCKH HeH3BeCTeH, B 'ypapTcKoM - Jl.OCTaT04HO pe;J.oK.
B TO mc BpeMH npe)J.cTaBJleHHbIe B KapMl1p.6.1ype BOnJlO-
'-l1. e HHH Jl.aHHOrO MOTHBa - B TOM 'IHCJle He3aBepweHHbIe no-
Jl.eJlKH - CBHJl.eTeJlbCTBYIOT, 'ITO Be'-l1.H 3TI1 np0l13BeJl.eHbl He-
nOCpeJl.CTBeHHO B 3TOM ypapTcKOM ueHTpe.
TOAOBKa pOcaTOcO cpucpOH.a. XopOWO H3BeCTHbI HaxoJl.-
KH nOJl.06H blX rOJlOBOK, CJl.eJlaHHbIe B Ka pMHp-6J1ype
(Ta6J1. XIX, 11). BblcKa3bIBaJlOCb npe..'l.nOJlO)KeHlIe, 'ITO KO-
CT5JHaH rOJlOBKa H3 norpe6eHHH NQ 106 CaMTaBpcKoro MO-
rH.'1bHI1Ka TaKme H306pamaeT poraToro rpHcpoHa [HJlbHH-
CKaH, 1976, c. 23, pHC. 4, 8], flO OHa COXpaIiII.1aCb Jl.OBOJlb-
HO nJloxo.
KapMHp6J1YPCKaH rOJlOBKa, Bblpe3aHHaH 1I3 pora,. npeJl.-
CTaBJlHeT C060H, nO-BHJl.I1MOMY, HaKOHe4HIIK nCaJlHH. Ha ro-
.10 e 4eTKO BHJl.eH KpyrJlbIH BbWYK.'1bIl'i r:Ja3 (' Kpyr.10il HM-
1{OH OCpejlI1He. KJlIOB 3amYT BIIH3. Por, c.1crKa paCWHpH-
IOIlI.I1HC5! KBepxy, pacnOJlaraeTCH noJ. H nepe;J. rJla30M H
cnema BblcTynaeT Ha:.r. ro.'1oBoi1. 06pa3 3niT xopowo 113B'e-
CTPH B CKllcpCKOM apxaH4eCKOM HCKYCCTBe. B. A. H.'1bHH-
C'<3H [1965, c. 99-100] Ha3bIBaeT ero rplI(po.6apaHoM, T. e.
. 6apaHoM, nepe)J.HHH 'IaCTb MOp)J.bI KOTOPO[(J OcpopM.'1eHa B
Blue KJlIOBa. KapM Hp6J1YPCKl1e rOJIOBKH H a H 60Jlee 6J1113KH
OJEOMY H3 KOCTHHblX nca.1l1eB CTapweii MOrrIJlbl [HJlbHH-
CKa 51, 1968, Ta6J1. IV, 2]. Hx C6J1IIfKaeT II pacnOJlOmeHHe
TOp4alll.ero BepTHKaJIbHO BBepx H C.1erKa paCWl1pHlOllI.erO-
CH 110ra, 11 HBHO nTH411H 06JIIIK caMOf! rO:IO!3K[!. WUpOKO
npe.JSTaBJleH 3TOT 06pa3 B Ke.'1epMeCe lI-a.1aHHHa 1983
Ta6J. 8]. B. 5. BHHorpaJ.oB [1972, c. 1431 oxapaK epI130
BaJI KaK HCKJIIO'IHTeJIbHO 6J1H3KHe K KapMHp6 ypCKHM ro-
108
JIOBKH 6RpaHo-rpHcpoHoB Ha nCaJlHHX H3 ceBepoKaBKa3cKo-
, ro MOrHJIbHHKa ct>acKay. BCTpe'IaIOTCH TaKHe H306pameHHH
H B nepeJl.HeH A3HII, rJlaBHbIM 06pa30M B ypapTcKHx na-
MHTHI1Kax. TaK, OHH YKpawalOT ynoMI1HaBwHecH Bblwe KO-
CTHHbIe nCaJIHH H3 XaHKa6epJl.a H npHmKY 1I3 HOpwYH-Te-
ne. B 060HX 3THX nepeJl.Hea311aTcKIIx naMHTHHKax Ha3BaH-
HbIe Be'-l1.H HaXOJl.HJIHCb B Tex me CJlOHX, 'ITO H Jl.pyrHe npeJl.-
MeTbl CKHcpCKOH KYJIbTypbl. KapMIIp6J1ypcKaH raJlOBKa, 0..'1.-
HaKO, HeCOMHeHHO 60Jlee llOxoma Ha c06cTBeHHo CKHcpcKHe.
HemeJIH Ha nepeJl.Hea3HaTcKHe 3K3eMnJIHpbl.
HKoHorpacpH'IeCKH paccMoTpeHHble H306pameHHH pora-
Toro rpHcpoHa BeCbMa 6JIH3KH K MOTHBY 6apaHa B CKHcp-
CKOM HCKYCCTBe. n03TOMY npemjle 4eM 06paTHTbCH K np06-
JIeMe reHe3Hca TIepBOrO, CJleJl.yeT npOaHaJIH3HpOBaTb BO-
nJIO'-l1.eHHH BToporo, HaHJl.eHHbIe B 3aKaBKa3be.
TOAOBKa 6apaH.a. 3TO H306pafKeHHe TaKme B 3Ha'IH-
TeJIbHOH CTeneHH CBOHCTBeHHO H KYCCTBY CKHcpCKOH apxaH-
KH, a no TpaKTOBKe pora HepejlKO HanOMHHaeT onHcaHHbIe
rOJIOBKR poraTblX rpHcpOHOB. B KapMHp-6JIype 06Hapyme-
Ha OJl.Ha Y3J1.e'IHaH npOHH3b, YBeH4aHHaH TaKOH rOJlOBKOH
(Ta6JI. XIX, 7). KaK yme OTMe4aJlOCb, OHa oc06eHHO 6J1H3-
Ka COOTBeTCTBYIO'-l1.HM H306pameHHHM H3 KeJlepMeCa H no-
nOBKH (CM. [I1JIbHHCKaH, 1965, plIC. 10,6, 7]. B paHoHe 3H-
BHe, BHe HenOCpeJl.CTBeHHoH CBH3H C H3BeCTHbIM KJlaJl.OM,
6blJI Ha'H)J.eH TaKme ynoMIIHaBwHi1cH Bblwe KOCTHHOH nJla-
CTHH'IaTbIH nCaJIHH, YKpaweHHbIH rOJIOBKOH 6apaHa. TpaK-
TOBKa ero MOP)J.bl H pora nOJlHOCTblO cooTBeTcTByeT CKHcp-
CKHM H306pameHI1HM. OCHoBHbe OTJlI1'IHe COCTOHT B HaJlI1.-
'IHH Ha rOJlOBKe 113 311BI1e Top4aWero KBepxy cepj ueBH..'I.-
Hora yxa. Y CKl1cpCKI1X 6apaHOB TOp4alll,ee yxo, KaK npa-
BHJlO, OTCYTCTByeT. OHO eCTb, Bnp( 4eM, Ha rOJlOBKe 6apa-
Ha Ha nCaJII1H H3 KypraHa NQ 2 Y C. AKCIOTIIHUbI [HJIbI1H-
-CKaH, 1965, pHC. 10, 1), XOTH B3aHMOpaCnOJlo.meHl1e yxa H
pora Ha aKCIOTI1HeUKOM 11 caKKbr:JcKoM3K3eMnJIHpaX pa3-
JlH4HO. Bo06'-l1.e fKe cep)J.ueBH)J.Hoe' yxo O'IeHb xapaKTepHo
Jl.JlH H306pameHIIH Ha Bewax CaKKbl3CKOrO K.1aJ.a, K Kpyry
KOTOPbIX,' O'IeBI1;J.HO, npIIHa.1.'1e;.hlfT ynoMHHYTbII\ nca.'1lIf!.
B 4aCTHOCTH, y JlbBa, H:W6pa;.heHfloro Ha neKTopa.r1Il H3
KJIa;J.a, yxo TpaKToB3HO cOBepUlellHo B TOH me MaHepe, 'JTO
H Y 6apaHa Ha nCaJlHH [Godard, 1950, pHc.33].
Tenepb KOCHeMCH Bonpoca (J pOJlH 3aKaBKa3CKI1X line.
peJl.Hea3HaTCKI1X KYJlbTypHWX Tpa.1IIUHH B cpOpMl1pOBaHHH
06pa30B rp'Hcpo-6apaHa 11 6apaHa B CKHcpCKOM IICKyccTBe.
5. 5. nHOTpOBCKI1H nO.1ara.1. 4TO 06pa3 poraToro' rpH-
4>oHa nonaJl B CKl1cpcKoe I1CKYCCT!30 H3 nepe;J.HeH A31111, HO
109
xapaKTepHbie ..'I.JlH nepe.LI.Hea3liaTCKIiX rpmpOHOB .LI.JIIiHHble
IiHOr.LI.a 3afHYTbIe YWIi npeBpaTIiJlIiCb B CKIiCPCKOM IiCKYC-
CTBe B pora [nHOTpOBCKWOi, 1950, c. 96-97]. DpOTIiB TaKO-
ro TOJlKOBaHIIH B03palKaJla B. A. HJlbIiHCKaH, YKa3blBaB-
waH Ha TO, lJTO CHHKpeTlilJeCKIiH 06pa3 6apaHa Ii opJIa CO-
eAIiHHeT B ce6e ,lJ.Ba Hali60Jlee BalKHblX .LI.JlH CKlicpOB 3nOXH!
apxaliKIi MOTliB3 Ii He MOlKeT 6blTb TpaKTOBaH KaK IiCKa-
lKeHHaH nepe!lalJa lJYlK.LI.oro Ii MaJlOnOHHTHoro 06pa3a
[HJlbIiHCKaH, 1965, c. 100]. LI.OBO.LI. 31'01' npe,lJ.CTaBJlHeTCH
y6e,lJ.IiTeJlbHbI I, TeM 60Jlee lJTO, KaK Ii nO.LI.lJepKIiBaJla.
B. A. l1J1bHHCKaH, MOTIiB rplicpoHa CO CTOHlJliMIi ywaMIi B-
rpelJecK'oM B3 pHaHTe ero BOnJlow.eHIiH B CKlicpCKOM IiCKYC-
CTBe TaKlKe H3BeCTeH (CM. TaKlKe [Dorpe60B3 H. H., 1948]).
. HeJlb3H He OTMeTIiTb, lJTO 06pa3 poraToro rplicpOHa B
CKIiCPCKOM HCKycCTBe CYW.eCTBOBaJl JlIiWb B TelJeHlie .LI.OCTa-
TOqHO OrpaHHlJeHHOrO neplio,lJ.a - B 3noxy apxaliKIi [HJlb-
IiHCKaH, 1965. c. 102]. YlKe B V B. .LI.O H. 3. OH 3.LI.eCb He
BCTpelJaeTCH. BcnOMHIiM TaKlKe ,lJ.OCTaTOqHYIO MHOrOqIiC-
JleHHOCTb nO;1.06HbiX H306palKeHliH B nepe.LI.Hea3IiaTCKO-3a-
KaBKa3CKliX KO nJleKCaX CO CKlicpCKIiMIi BeW.aMIi. HaKo-
Hell., 06pa1ll3eT Ha ce6H BHIiMaHHe WlipOKO pacnpOCTpaHeH-
HblH B ypapTcKOM HCKYCCTBe 06pa3 poraToro JlbBa (IiJln
JlbBa-6bIKa; OleIuaHHbIH xapaKTep .LI.aHHOrO 06pa3a CKa3aJl-
CH Ii B HKoilOrp3qmH - 31'0 lKliBOTHoe qaCTO 1i306palKaJlOCb
C HoraMIi, nO.J>K3TbIMH no.LI. lKIiBOTOM, T. e. B n03e, xapaK-
TepHoii ,lJ.JlH Bon:IOllleHIiH KOnbITHbIX). Bce 31'0 n03BOJlHeT
.'1.0nycnlTb. lJTO II C03,lJ.aHIiIi paHHeCKlicpCKoro MOTI1Ba pora-
Toro rplicpOH3 nepe.LI.Hea3liaTCKlie Tpa.LI.lill.lili onpe.LI.eJleHHYIO
pOJlb Bce }!\e CbIrpaJlIi. lho lKe KacaeTCH 3aKaBKa3bH Ii
CeBepHoro K3BK33a, TO, XOTH B IiCKYCCTBe 060liX 3THX pe-
rHOHOB xopowo npOCJlelKliBaeTCH cYW.eCTBoBaHlie KaKHX-TO
npe,lJ.CT3BJleHIIrl. CBH3aHHbiX C 6apaHoM Ii nTlill.eH [norpe-
60Ba M. H.. 1984, c. 118; BIiHOrpa,lJ.OB, 1972, c. 142-143],
OHIi He OK333.1Il CKOJlbKO-HIi6Y,lJ.h 3aMeTHoro BJlIiHHIiH Ha
cpOpMHpOB3HIIC p3CCMOTpeHHoro. CKlicpCKoro MOTIiBa.
CBCPHYBWlIlICfl 3Bepb. COBepweHHO oc06ylO rpynny CO-
CTaBJI)JIOT IJ300paiKeHHH CBepBYBWHXCH lKIiBOTHbiX. TaKIiX
1i306D3lKeHHri II 33K3BKa3be MaJlO. OHIi 1i3BeCTHbi JlHWb Ha
6YTepOJlHX, B I1E'3HalJIiTeJlbHOM KOJllilJeCTBe HaH,lJ.eHHbIX B
norpe6eHH 51 x T:111 HCKoro MOrliJIbHIiKa Ii B npliJlelKa lllliX
paHOHax IOru.OceTHH, T. e. IiMelOT BeCbMa OrpaHlilJeHHblH
apeaJl JTexoB. 1976, pliC. 2, 1-5; Ky4tTIiH, .1949, c. 25].
B T JlHHCKO 1 10r1iJlbHIiKe 6YTepoJlli 6blJ}'H Hali,lJ.eHbl B no-
rpe6eHliHx . 9 164, 216 Ii 258. 5YTepoftb 1i3 norpe6eHIi51
Ng 164 1i3rOTOB.l eH a 1i3 6POH3bl, OCTa.lbHble 1i3 KOCTIi. Ha
110
Bcex 6YTepoJlHx 1i306palKeH cBepHYBwliHC5I XIiW.HIiK, 06blq-
HO Ha3bIBaeMblH naHTepoH (Ta6J1. XIX, 12-14, 16).
H3KOHelJHliKii HOlKeH, XOTH H pe.LI.Klie, HO Bce-TaKH H3-
BeCTHbie B 3aKaBKa3be, He IiMelOT HliqerO 06w.ero C 3THMii
6YTepOJlHMH. B TO lKe BpeMH IOrooceTIiHCKlie 6YTepOJlli Ha-
nOMliH31OT CBOIiMIi npaBIiJlbHblMIi nOJlYKpyrJlblMH OlJepTa-
HIiHMH 6YTepOJlb CKlicpCKoro aKIiHaKa 1i3 J(apbeBKIi [MeJlIO-
KOBa, 1964, Ta6J1. 19, 2; WKYPKO, 1969, c. 33], 6YTepoJlb
113 p33pyweHHoro norpe6eHliH 6J1li3 rY.LI.epMeCa [BIiHorpa-
;J.OB, 1974, pliC. 2], 6YTepoJlb 1i3 Cap.LI. [Ghirshman, 1979,
pliC. 11 Ii HeKoTopble axeMeHIi.LI.CKlie 6YTepoJlli [Bernard,
1976, pliC. 4, 7, 8 Ii .LI.p.]; C nOCJle.LI.HIiMIi IiX C6J1lilKaeT H BbI-
cTyn, 06pa30BaHHblH rOJlOBOH lKHBOTHoro. 06pa3 CBepHYB'
werOCH 3BepH, .LI.JlH 3aKaBKa3CKoro IiCKyccTBa COBepweHHo
HexapaKTepHbIH, COqeTaHlie 3TliX 6YTepOJIeH co CKlicpCKIiMIi
KHHiK3J1aMIi Ii .LI.pyrliMIi CKlicpCKIiMIi Bew.aMIi, xopowo npo-
CJI lKHBaeMoe Ha MaTepliaJlaX TJlIiHCKOro MOrliJlbHHKa,
TaKlKe YKa3bIBalOT Ha IiX CBH3b co CKIiCPCKOH KYJlbTypOH.
O;J.HaKo paccMaTpliBaeMble cplirypbl cBepHYBwliXCH lKli-
BOTH biX HeCKOJlbKO OT.llilJa IOTCH 01' KJlaCCliqeCKIiX 1i306pa-
iKeHIiH CKlicpO-CIi6HpCKoro 3BepliHoro CTIiJiH. lJ,eJlbHaH CPIi-
ryp3 iKHBOTHoro BbllJJleHHeTCH 3.LI.eCb C TPY.LI.OM, CKopee
.11iWb yra.LI.blBaeTCH. H306palKeHbl, c06CTBeHHO, TOJlbKO ro-
.10B3, KOHelJHOCTIi Ii XBOCT. TeJlo He 06pa3yeT nOJllwro
33MKilYToro Kpyra - MelK.LI.Y rOJlOBOH Ii XBOCTOM OCTaB.leu
He6oJlbWOH npOMelKYTOK. Ha rOJlOBe lJeTKO Bbl;I.e.'1CHbl
Kpyr.1blH rJla3, BblTHHYTaH MOp.LI.a Ii nacTO. Oc060 not!..
lJep KHYTbI 60JlbWlie cep,lJ.lI.eBIi.LI.Hble yWIi, CJlerKa BblcTyn 3,
IOlllHe .LI.alKe 3a a6plic nOJlYKpyra 6YTepOJlIi. BHYTpeBHHH
KOHTYP TeJla lKliBOTHoro Bo06w.e He YJlaBJlIiBaeTCH. KOBelJ-
HOCTH 3aHliMalOT nOlJTIi BCIO Cepe.LI.IiHY nOJl51 6YTepoJlH H
C03;13 lOT BnelJaT JleHlie OT.LI.eJIbHbIX, He CBH3a HHbIX ;J.pyr C
.JpyroM lJ3CTeH.
YiI{e 06paw.aJlOCb BHIiMaHlie Ha 1i3BeCTHoe CXO;ICTBO
33K3BKa3CKliX HaKOHelJHHKOB HOlKeH C 6YTepOJlbIO ;r3pbeB'
CKoro 3KHHaKa [Dlipll.x3J1aBa, 1975, c. 17], B .LI.eKOpe KOTO'
poii A. 11. WKypKO [1969, c. 33-351 OTMelJaJl nepe;J.IIC33H-
3TC!\Oe B.lIiHHlie, IiJlIi C 3K3eMn:IHpoM 1i3 rY.LI.epMeCa [BHH()'
rp;UOB, 1974, c. 260-261]. DpaB.LI.a, no CTIiJlIO ca loro
I1306p3iKeHIiH .LI.apbeBcK3H 6YTepoJlb HanoMHHaeT CKopec
6)'H']10JIb 1i3 Cap.LI.. l1:w6palKeHIi51 lKe Ha 3aK3BK33CKHX
(rOlJHee. IOrooceTIiHCKHX) HaKOHeQHIiKaX no CTH.110 60.lee
6.1IHKH HeKOTopbIM cpHrypaM lKliBOTHblX Ha npe;J.MeT3X H3
K.l;ua B 31iBlie, Ha lJTO YlKe B JlIiTepaType 06pa1ll3;10Cb
BH[[ laHHe {Dlipll.xaJlaBa, 1975, c. 17; TexoB, 1976, c. 1.')8;
]] ]
Oco6eHHO TeCHaH CBH3b MO)l{eT 6bITb rrpOCJIe)l{eHa C H30-
6pa)l{eHHeM CBepHYBWerOC5! )l{HBOTHOrO (JIbBa HJIH rraHTe-
pbl) Ha TaK Ha3bIBaeMOM HaBepWHH [Ghirshman, 1964,
pHC. 158J. LlJIl1HHaH BblT5!HYTa5! Mop.LI.a C rrO.LI.'IepKHYTOH 'Ie-
JIIOCTblO, 3arHYTbIM BBepx HOCOM H Cep.LI.LI.eBH.LI.HbIMH ywaMH,
He rrO.LI.)I{aTbIe, a JIHWb CJIerKa corHYTbIe H 3aHHMalOilwe
lI.eHTpaJIbHYIO 'IaCTb HaBepWH5! JIarrbI, KPY)I{KH Ha HeKOTO-'
pbIX 'IaCT5!X TeJIa H He3aMKHYTOCTb KOJIbLI.a, 06pa30BaHHO-
ro TeJIOM )l{HBOTHOro, - Bce 3TH .LI.eTaJIH rr03BOJI5!IOT cpaB-
HHBaTb cpHryPY CBepHYBwerOC5! Xl1lIJ.HHKa H3 KJIa.LI.a B 3H-
BHe H cpl1rypbl Ha 3a KaBKa3CKHX 6YTepOJI5!X, XOT5! rrOCJIe.lI.-
HHe, KaK y)l{e CKa3aHO, OTJIH'IaIOTC5! HeCB5!3aHHOCTblO OT-
.n.eJIbHbIX 'IaCTeH.
l.J:pe3Bbl'IaHHa5! CTI1JIHCTH'IeCKa5! O.LI.HOTHrrHOCTb Bcex orrH-
CbIBaeMblX 3aKaBKa3CKHX 6YTepOJIeH Hap5!.LI.Y C HX 'IeTKOH
JIOKaJIH3aLI.l1eH .'lHWb B O.LI.HOM paHOHe CBH.LI.eTeJIbCTBYIOT 06
lfX e.LI.HHOBpe eHHoM rr05!BJIeHHI1 3.LI.eCb 11 06 06IIJ.HOCTH rrpo-
HCXO)l{.LI.eHI15!. B TO )l{e BpeM5! cBoe06pa3He 3aKaBKa3CKHX
H306pa)l{eHHH He n03BOJI5!eT C'II1TaTb HX HMrropTOM. HaH60-
JIee Bep05!THO, 'lTO BelIJ.H 3TH rrpe.LI.CTaBJI5!IOT C060H rro.LI.pa-
)KaHHe TOMY HCKYCCTBY, KOTopoe rrpe.LI.CTaBJIeHO KJIa".LI.oM B
3HBHe, - rroJ.pa)KaHHe, CBH.LI.eTeJIbCTBYlOlIJ.ee o' He.LI.OCTaTO'I-
HO 'IeTKOM rrOHHMa HHH KorrHpyeMoro CIO)I{eTa. MO)l{HO
ppe.LI.rrOJIaraTb, 'lTO TaKoH )l{e perrJII1KOH 5!BJI5!IOTC5! HeKOTO-
pble H306pa)l{eHHH Ha KOCT5!HbIX rrpe.LI.MeTaX 5pl1JIbCKOrO
MOrHJI bHI1Ka, HO 3J1.CCb (CY.LI.5! rro He.LI.ocTa TO'IHO 'IeTKOH
rry6JIHKaLI.HI1 rr06e.Li.>KHWBHJIH, 1952, Ta6JI. XLIII)) OHH co-
BceM YTpaTH.'lH rrepBOHa'IaJIbHOe 3Ha'IeHHe.
npeaCTO.'lIl(lle J/CU80THble. Xopowo 113BeCTHa HaH.LI.eHHa5!
B KapMHp-6.lype KOCT5!Ha5! rrJIaCTHHKa C H306pa>KeHl1eM
.LI.BYX npejlCTOHlllHX JKI1BOTHbIX (Ta6JI. XIX, 5). 5. 5. I1HoT-
pOBCKHH rrpocneJ.HJI CXO.lI.HbIe 11306pa)l{eHI15! B CKHcpCKOM
I1CKYCCTBe II B K.la:l.e . H3 3HBI1e [I1l1oTpOBCKHH, 1959a,
c. 254-259]. XOTH MOTHB rrpejlCT05!IllHX )l{HBOTHbIX 3aHM-
CTBOBaH 113 I1epe.l.fJeH A31111, KapMl1p6JIypCKa5! rrJIaCTHHKa
HBHO 6JII1>Ke CKll(jJCKHM, He)l{e.1JH rrepe.lI.Hea3HaTCKHM ero BO-
rrJIOllleHHHM, II 1(J;'h:eT paCCMaTpHBaTbCH B 'II1CJIe CKl1cpCKI1X
rrpe.l.MeTOB H3 KapMHp-6JIypa.
* * *
Xp HOJIOrH'leCKoe pacrrpe.lI.eJIeHHe naM5!THHKOB CKHcpCKoro
HCK CCTBa B 3aKaBKa3be COOTBeTcTByeT TOH 3aKOHOMep-
HO TH, KOTOp3H Obwa rrpOCJIe)l{eHa Ha .lI.pyrHx MaTepHaJIax.
y1306pa>KeHIIH. CB5I3aHHbIe C apXal1'leCKHM . CKHcpCKHM HC-
112
KYCCTBOM, cKoHLI.eHTpHpoBaHbl B ceBepHblx 06JIaCT5!X U,eHT-
ppJlbHoro 3aKaBKa3b51 H IO>KHee -B ypapTcKHx LI.eHTpax.
Pe3Ko OTJ1H'lHbIe OT HHX CTI1JIHCTH'IeCKH H306pa)l{eHII5I, co-
.LI.ep)h:aBWHeCH B 60JIee rr03.LI.HI1X rraM5!THHKaX H HMelOIIJ.I1e
HeKoTopoe CXOJ.CTBO C rrpe.lI.MeTaMH CKHcpCKoro HCKYCCTBa
IV B. .'1.0 II. 3., Cocpe.LI.OTO'IeHbl, HarrpOTI1B, B CeBepo-Bo-
CT0'lHOM 3a KaBKa3be.
I1pe.'l.MeTbI a pXal1'IeCKOrO CKHcpCKoro HCKYCCTBa Ha i'l.lI.e-
HbI B Tex 3aKaBKa3CKHX rraM5!THHKaX, KOTopble Ha OCHOBa-
HHH He TOJIbKO c06CTBeHHO CKHCPCKHX, HO H 3aKaBKa3CKHX
MaTepHaJIOB XopOWO .LI.aTHpYIOTC5! BTOpOH rrOJIOBHHOH VII-
Ha'Ia.lO VI B. .LI.O H. 3. 3TO rr03BOJI5!eT OTHeCTH 3aKaB-
Ka3CKI1e HaXo.LI.KH K .LI.peBHeHWHM 06pa3LI.aM CKHcpCKoro 3Be-
pHHOro CTI1JI5!. He HMe5! B BH.LI.Y CneLI.HaJIbHO OCTaHaBJIH-
BaTbCH Ha rrp06JIeMaX rrpOHCXO)l{.lI.eHH5! 3Toro CTHJI5! Hero
3Ha'leHH5I B CHCTeMe CKl1cpCKOH KYJIbTypbl, KOCHeMC5! 3.LI.eCb
JIHWb Tex HX acrreKTOB, KOTopble HerrOCpe.LI.CTBeHHO CB5!3a Hbl
C 3aKaBKa3CKHMH MaTepHaJIaMH.
COBepweHHO O'IeBH.LI.HO, 'ITO HaH.LI.eHHble Ha Teppl1TOpHIf
3aKaBKa3b5! rraM5!THHKH paHHero CKHWCKoro HCKYCCTBa BO-
rrJIOlllalOT MOTHBbI, CcpOpMl1pOBaBWHeC5! rro.LI. BJIH5!HHeM pa3-
JIH'lHbIX Tpa.lI.HLI.HH. TaK, MO)l{HO rrpe.LI.rrOJIaraTb 113BeCTHoe
B03J.ei'lcTBHe ypapTcKoro I1CKYCCTBa Ha CJIO)l{eHHe 06pa3a
poraToro rpHcpOHa, BrrHcaBWerOC5! B cHcTeMy c06CTBeHHO
CKHcpCKliX rrpe.lI.CTaBJIeHHH HO, O'IeBH.LI.HO, C03.LI.aHHOro HMeH-
HO B nepeJ.Hea3HaTCKHH rrepHO.LI. HCTOpHH CKHcpOB. 4TO Ka-
caeTCH 11306pa)l{eHHH CBepHYBwerOC5! XHIIJ.HHKa Ha IOro-
oceTlfHCKHX 6YTepOJI5!X, TO I1X MO>KHO paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK
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no na nITIIHKaM 31fBl1e, HO He CJIHWKOM 'IeTKO nOH5ITOii
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pOKOrlJ Kpyra MaTepHaJIOB, a XOTHM JIHWb rrOjl'lepKHYTb
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M TIIIIKO . HaKoHeLI., BbIJ.e.1HeTC5! rpyrrrra MOTHBOB (XI1111-
HaH nTHua, 6apaH), 6JIII3KHe napaJIJIeJII1 KOTOpbIM B H3-
CTOHwee BpeM5I H3BeCTHb! .1HWb. B caMOH CKHcpIfH. 3aKaB-
Ka3CKliL' HaXOJ.KI1 He rrpo.llfBalOT .LI.onOJIHHTeJibHbIH CBeT E3
Bce ClUe :UICKYCCIfOHHbIH Bonpoc 0 30He 11 Mexa HH3Me cpO[1-
MlIpOBJIIH5I 3THX MOTI1BOB B CKHcpCKOM 3Bepl1HOM CHIJIe.
8 30K. .', .
113
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MH HaH eHHwe Ha ero TeppliTopli1i paHHlie 06pa3QW 3Toro
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qaCTHOCTB, pa3HOo6pa3lie nliTaBllIliX ero IiCTO'lHHKOB.
r Aa8a V I I
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plia.10B, paCCMOTpeHHblX B npe.LI.bl.LI.YllI.IiX pa3.LI.eJlaX pa60Tbl,
6Y;I.YT npe.LI.MeTbI, He HBJlHlOllI.lieCH cneQlicplilJeCKOH npn-
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TOH liJlIi IiHOH Mepe xapaKTepHbl .LI.JlH KYJlbTYP 60Jlee llII!-
pOKoro apeaJla Ii XpOHOJlOrlilJeCKOrO .LI.liana30Ha. Tlinw Ii
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KaKOli IiMeHHO 1i3 HIiX npIiHa.LI.Jle*aT 3K3eMnJlHpbl, o6Hapy-
)KeHHble B 3aKaBKa3be. n6 TOH )Ke npli'lliHe MHorlie yno-
MIIHaeMbIe B .LI.aHHOH rJlaBe naMHTHIiKIi, CO.LI.ep)Karn.lie 3TH
npe MeTbl, He BKJllOlJeHbl B HallIY CBO.LI.KY. TeM He MeHee
aHa,lII3lipyeMbIe 3;J.eCb Bern.1i npeJl.CTaBJlHIOT onpeJl.e.1eHHbIIf
IiHTepec B KOHTeKCTe HallIeH TeMbl, nOCKOJlbKY B xO..'l.e IIX
H3Y'leHHH nopoH Y.LI.aeTCH 'BbIHBHTb H3BecTHYIO B3aHMGCBH-
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CKHcpOB.
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BOBa.1HCb CTpeMJleHHeM OrpaHHlJHTb HX Kpyr Bern.aMIi. apE'-
n.l I\OTOpblX He C,1HUlKOM llIHpOK. no 3TOff npHlJHlle I3 KH!I-
ry lie BKJllOlJeHO paCCMOTpeHHe BepeTeHoo6pa3HbIX !la,l()-
lJCK-3aCTe)!(eK, npeJl.CTaBJleHHblX B CKHCPCKHX, ypapTCKI!X II
\1eCTHb!X 3aKaBKa3CKHX naMHTHHKax, TaK KaK 3Ta cpop\ia
B "a;'K.l.OM H3 nepelJHCJleHHblX KYJlbTypHbIX apeaJlOA B!l():I.
lie \wr.1a CJlO)KHTbCH caMOCTOHTeJlbHO. 0630p HaXCUOK -I <1-
hl!\ JaCTe)KeK B 3aKaBKa3be H HHTepnpeTal1.HH p5ua ny.
lJ,I('1] COlJeTaHHH HX 3.J.eCb co CKHcpCKHMH npe;J.MeTaM!! .IaIlI>I
irInopaMH B Cnel1.HaJlbHOH CTaTbe rEcaHH. Ilorpe6oBa. 1980].
1\0,1 bu.eBH.LI.Hble npSI>KKH
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pa;.KeHHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO XpOHOJIOrHH 3THX npH)KeK, KOTO-
PYIO, no HaweMY MHeHHIO, CJIeJl.yeT HeCKOJIbKO yJl.peBHHTb,
HapHJ.Y C <paKTOM npHCYTCTBHH HX - XOTH H peJl.KO - B na-
M HTHIIKax 6eccnopHO CKH<pCK HX n06y Jl.HJIII Hac BKJII0411Tb B
pa60TY npeJ..'1araeMbIH 3KCKYPC.
Y;.Ke B Ha4aJle I TblCH4eJIeTHH Jl.0 H. 3. npeJ!.CTaBJIeHbI
KO.'1bll.eBH,!I.Hble npH)KKH B nepeJl.HeH A31111, rJl.e 3Ta <popMa,
04eBIIJ.HO, H 3a pOJl.HJIaCb. Ho oc060e p a3BIITlle OHa nOJIY-
4HJIa B nOCJIeJl.HHe BeKa I TblCH4eJIeTHH Jl.0 H. 3. B a peaJIe
paCCeJIeHHH capMaTOB H B perHOHax, B TOH HJIH HHOH Mepe
C HHMH CBH3aHHbiX [MowKoBa, 1960]. KaK npaBHJIO, HMeH-
HO K 3TOMY nepHOJl.Y H npHHHTo OTHOCHTb KOJIbll.eBH,!I.Hble
npH)KKH, npOHCXOJl.HW.He H3 nJIOXO Jl.aTHpyeMblx KOMnJIeKCOB
H.111 HB,lHIow.HeCH CJIY4aHHblMH HaXOJl.KaMH (CM., HanpHMep,
[Moorey, 1971, c. 134)). npH)KKH, HaHJl.eHHble B 3aKaBKa3-
CKIIX naMHTHHKax, n03BOJIHIOT HeCKOJIbKO yT04HHTb cyw.e-
CTBYIOW.lle npeJl.CTaBJIeHHH 0 XpOHOJIOrHH H pa3BHTHH 3TOH
<pOpM bI.
3aKaBKa3cKHe npH)KKH HMelOT 06b14HO Jl.HaMeTp OKOJIO
4 CM C He60JIbWHMH OTKJIOHeHHHMH B TY HJIH HHYIO CTOpO-
HY. I1x MO)KHO nOJl.pa3J1.eJIHTb Ha 4eTbipe THna.
K nep8o.I1Y Tuny OTHOCHTCH npH)KKH B BHJl.e 3aMKHYTo-
['0 KOJIbll.a C He60JIbWHM H30rHYTblM HenOJl.BH)KHbIM BHew-
HHM H3b14KOM Jl.JIH 3aKpenJIeHHH peMHH. nOJl.06HaH npH)K-
Ka 6 a HaHJl.eHa B KapMHp6epJl.CKOM (Ta3aKeHJl.CKoM)
MorH,1bHHKe. B HHBeHTape norpe6eHHH NQ 41 3Toro MOrHJIb-
HHKa OHa C04eTaeTCH C He60JIbllIHM KOJIH4eCTBOM MeJIKHX
cepJ.OJIHKOBbIX 6yc, He HBJIHIOW.HXCH Jl.aTHpYIOw.HM 3JIeMeH-
TOM. OJ.HaKO norpe6eHHe 3TO HH4eM He BblJl.eJIHeTCH H3
n03.1Hei'i rpynnbl MOrHJI naMHTHHKa, 4TO, BHJl.HMO, H onpe-
Jl.2 lHeT BpeMH ero coopY)KeHHH [EcaHH, 1972, c. 72,
TaO,l. XV, 3]. K 3TOMy )Ke THny npHHaJl.JIe)KHT npH)KKa 113
Ap4a.130pCKoro KypraHa NQ 2, OTHocHw.erOCH K Ha4aJIY
I Tb!CHyeJIeTHH Jl.0 H. 3. J1Hll.eBaH CTopOHa apYaJl.30pCKOH
n[:HliI\KII YKpaweHa KOpOTKHMH HaCeYKaMH, a H3blYOK IIMe-
eT <pOp\1Y nTHYbeH rOJIOBKH .[KywHapeBa, 1957, pHC. 8, 8).
5(!:lee n03,J.HHH BapHaHT npH)KeK nepBoro THna TaK)Ke
H\1eeT H3b1YOK B BHJl.e CTHJIH30BaHHoH nTHYbeH rOJIOBKH,
HO Kn:ll,110 no BHellIHeMy KOHTYPY HMeeT BblcTynbl HJIH yr-
.'1 bI n peB paw.alOw.He ero B MHororpa HHHR. nOJ.06HbIe
nptJ\r:11 HalueHbI C. C. LIHJIHHrapHHoM npH pacKonKax
5e!f;iJTCXCKOro MOrHJIbHHKa, Jl.aTHpOBaHHoro aBTopoM IX-
IV RH. J.O H. 3. [LIHJIHHrapHH, 1977). CYJl.H no TOMY, YTO
OJ.HO 1I3 norpe6eHHH, cO;1.ep)Kaw.Hx TaKHe npH)KKH, pacno-
116
JIaraJIOCb B HenOCpeJl.CTBeHHOH 6JIH30CTH K cOJl.ep;.KaBWHM
<p Ha .'1bl norpe6eHHHM n03J1.HerO 3Tana HCnOJIb30BaHHH MO'
rHJIbHHKa, ero CKopee Bcero MO)KHO Jl.aTHpOBaTb VI-
IV BB. ;1.0 H. 3. CJIe.ll.yeT TaK)Ke YYHTbIBaTb, YTO 3y6YaTbIe
6paCJIeTbl, ype3BbIyalIH0 HanOMHHalOw.He 6epJl.aTeXCKile
npH)KKII, nOHBJIHIOTCH B 3aKaBKa3be B HayaJIe I TblCHyeJle-
THH ;J.o H. 3., HO oc06eHHO llIHpOKO pacnpOCTpaHHIOTCH B
VI-V BB. Jl.0 H. 3. [EcaHH, 1964].
npH)KKH 8TOpOcO Tuna HMelOT TOT )Ke H3blYOK B" BI\J.e'
nTHYbeH rOJIOBKH, a HanpOTHB Hero - Tpanell.HeBHJl.HbIII Bbl-
cTyn C He60JIbllIHM TpeyrOJIbHblM. OTBepCTHeM, pacnOJIO)KeH.-
HblH B OJl.HOH nJIOCKOCTH C KOJIbll.OM. B ll.eJIOM npH)KKa BOC-
npHHHMaeTCH KaK <pHrYPKa nTHll.b1, TYJIOBOM KOTOpOH CiIY-
)KHT KOJIbll.O, a XBOCTOM - Tpanell.HeBHJl.HaH neTJIH. nOKa
B 3aKaBKa3be TaKaH npH)KKa H3BeCTHa JIHllIb B eJl.HHCTBeH-
HOM 3K3eMnJIHpe, HO 3aTO B TaKOM XOpOllIO Jl.aTHpOBaHHOM
KOMnJIeKCe HayaJIa I TblCHyeJIeTHH Jl.0 H. 3., KaKHM HB.'1HeT-
CH ApYaJl.30pCKHH KypraH NQ 1. npH)KKa C nOJIYKpyr,1bIM
BblcTynoM, HO 6e3 OTBepCTH5I B HeM, H3BeCTHa B MaTepHa-
.tIe TaJIblWcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa Ara EBJIap [Herzfeld, 1941,
pHC. 290, 31.
K TpeTbeMY Tuny OTHOCHTCH npH)KKH C TaKHM )Ke }I3bl'l-
KOM, HO cHa6)KeHHble nepneH.lI.HKYJIHpHbIMH K n.10CKOCTI1
KOJIbll.a BbICTynaMH co llIJIHnKOH HaBepxy. K YHCJIY IIX OT-
HOCHTCH YeTblpe npH)KKH, HaHJl.eHHble B 5epJl.CKOM MOf[IJIb-
HHKe BMeCTe C 60raTblM KOMnJIeKCOM H3J1.eJIHH V-IV BB.
Jl.0 H. 3. [EcaHH, 1969, c. 191). J(Be H3 HHX HMelOT <POPMY
n.rrocKHx KOJICll., yKpallIeHHblx no Bepxy eJIOYHblM II )I..:ry:ro-
BblM opHaMeHToM. Ha nOBepxHocTH KOJIbll.a KpecTo06pa3Ho'
pa3Mew.eHbl TPH BblCTyna C nJIOCKHMH WJIHnKaMH II CJIerKa
oTorHYTblH H3blYOK B BHJl.e nTHYbeH rOJIOBKH.
.llBeJl.pyrHe npH)KKH 5epJl.CKOrO MOrHJIbHHKa. OTIIOCH-
w.HeCH K TOMY )Ke THny, 60JIee npHMHTHBHbI. I1x OCHOBY
COCTaBJIHeT HeopHaMeHTHpoBaHHoe KO.lbll.O H3. TOIlKorO
CTep)KH5I. OJl.Ha npH)KKa HMeeT TPH BblCTyna co Ul.l51nKa-
MH H YKpaweHHblH KOpOTKHMH HaCeYKaMH H3bIYOK. :lPY-
raH - JIHWb O;I.IIH rB03J1.e06pa3Hb1H BblCTyn.
K 3TOMy )Ke THny OTHOCHTCH npH)KKa, cJIyyai'llJo HaH-
Jl.eHHaH B ceJIe' MaJIHWKa EXerHaJl.30pCKOro parIOHa
ApMCCP. no <popMe OHa HanOMHHaeT nOCJIe,1HIQK1 II, onll-
caHHblX npH)KeK 5epJ.CKoro MOrHJIbHHKa, HO HMeeT 60.'1ee
JVIaCCHBHoe KOJIbll.O. Ha WJIHnKe eJ.HHCTBeHHoro BI,ICTyna
npOyepyeH KpeCT, CTOJIb yaCTblH B opHaMeHT3X 33KaB-
Ka3bH. 5!3bIYOK HMeeT XOpOllIO Bblpa)KeHHYIO <POPMY nTlIYbeH
rOJIOBKH C nOJl.yepKHYTblM KJIIOBOM, He60JIbWHM 1'.1330\1 H
117
XOXOJIKOM. CXOACTBO C np5DKKOH H3 BepAa n03BOJIHeT npeA-
nOJlmKHTe.lbHO OTHeCTH ee TaK)Ke K V-IV BB. AO H. 3.
K 'leTBepTOAIY Tuny OTHOCHTCH npH)KKH, He HMelOllI.He
HenOABH)/{HOrO H3bl4Ka AJIH 3aKpenJIeHHH peMH5I, a CAeJIaH-
Hble B cpopMe KOJIbUa, Ha nOBepXHOCTH KOToporo nOMelll.e-
HO 4eTblpe nOJIyccpepH4eCKI1X BblCTyna. nOA06Hble npH)KKH
B 60JIblllOM KO.1114eCTBe HaH:AeHbl /K. MopraHOM B norpe-
6eHH5IX AXTaJlbI H MycHepH [Morgan, 1889, c. 126,
pHe.. 1131. K CO)KaJIeHI1IO, HepaC4JIeHeHHOcTb K0MnJIeKCOB
3THX naMHTHI1KOB 3aTpyAHHeT A3THPOBKY np5l)KeK. MO)KHO
JIHWb npe;:W0,10)KI1Tb, 4TO OHH OTHO 51TC5I K HaH60JIee
n03AHeH rpynne JIaJIBapCKHX norpe6eHI1I1, T. e. K VI-V BB.
)1.0 H. 3. O;J.HaKO CJIO)KeHHe nO.LI.06HOH cpOpMbl OTHOCHTC5I K
npe.LI.WeCTBYIOw.eH 3noxe. J1aJIBapCKHe npH)KKH n04TH H.LI.eH-
7H'IHbl no cxeMe MaCCHBHblM 3aMKHYTblM 6paCJIeTaM Ha'Ia-
JIa I TbICH4e.leTHQ AO H. 3. H3 pa3HbIX nYHKTOB HaropHoro
Kapa6axa [KywHapeBa, 1957, pHC. 19, 4]. .TaK, BoceMb
6paCJIeTOB (;J.HaMeTpoM 6,2 H 10,5 CM) HaH.LI.eHbl Cpe.LI.H
np0411X npe.'].MeTOB y C. .llOJIaHJIap. nO.LI.06Hble 6paCJIeTbl
}/3BeCTHbl TaK)Ke B KOMnJIeKCaX Ha4aJIa I TbICH4eJIeTH5I
)J.O H. 3. 113 paclwnoK 3. PecJIep'a B Map.LI.aKepTCKOM paHO-
He HaropHoro Kapa6axa H /K. MopraH3 B nepcHAcKOM
TaJIbIWe [Schaeffer, 1948, Ta6JI. 217, pHC. 17].
KaK y;.Ke 6bIJlO OTMelJeHO, KOJIbLI.eB,H.LI.Hble np5l?KKH, 6JIH3-
Kl1e no Tl1ny K paccMoTpeHHbIM, HMelOT WHpOKHH XpOHOJIO-
TH4eCKI1H ..'I.Hana30H, a HX apeaJI He OrpaHH'IeH Teppl1TO:
pl1eH 3aKaBKa3bH I. 3TO onpe.LI.eJIHeT TOT HH:epec, KOTOpbll1
'BbI3blBaeT .'].aHHaH cpopMa Y HCCJIe.LI.OBaTeJIeH. B CBoe Bpe-
MH 3. Xepucpe.lb;1, ny6JIHKYH rpynny KOJIbLI.e06pa3Hblx
npH)KeK, HaIl.1ef!HbIX Ha WHpOKOH TeppHTopHH OT MaJIOH
A3HH 11.0 0pJoca, BKJIlOl{l1JI B Hee 3K3eMnJI5Ipbl H3 TpoH
VII, Tene rllHHa 11 Ara EBJIapa, .LI.aTHpYIOIlI.HeCH B OCHOB-
HOM HalJa.lOM I Tb!C51lJeJleTHH .LI.O H. 3. H HHTepnpeTHpOBaH-
Hble KaK KO.1bUa .1J151 H3THrHBaHHH TeTHBbl [Herzfeld, 1941,
c. 172, pl1C. 2901. n03)Ke A. CeftpHf npHBJIeK KynJIeHHYIO B
TerepaHe Ko.lbue06pa3l1YIO npH)KKY C H3bllJKOM B BI1.1e ro-
JIOBKI1 YTKII II rBo:ue06pa3HblM BblcTynoM C KpeCTOM Ha
WJIHnKe 113 LJ<JCTlloii KO.1JIeKLI.1111 B KalJeCTBe aHaJIOrl1H 30-
JIOTOH HaK.la:U{e C fO,10BaMH nTI1LI.bI H 6apaHa H3 HHBeHTa-
pH 3Me3CKOfO l!eKpOnO.'1H I B. H. 3. [Seyrig, 1952, c. 241,
P I1C. 22 1 . 3aTPVJHH51Cb .1aTb T04Hoe onpe.LI.eJIeHHe Ha3Ha4e-
.. f
I Pa3y tCn(;;. pC'!b 3,;J.CCb H)l.eT He 0 KOJ1bLli'H.llllbiX np51/KKaX BO-
o61Lle, a .1HUll, "f) 'Jnpe.:tCJ1CllllbiX <popMax. TllnO,10rH<JCCKH CB5J3aHHblX c
3al\aBKa3CKII liI.
118
HI1H H .iI.aTbi I1paHCKoii npH)KKH, A. CeHpnr OTMeTI1JI 6e3-
YCJIOBHYIO CBH3b KaK caMoii ee cpOPMbl, TaK II 3JIeMeHTOB
.LI.eKOpa, B lJaCTHOCTH nTl1lJbeH rOJIOBKH, C KYJIbTypaMI1
«A3I1aTCKOrO nJIaTO» 11 npe.LI.nOJIO)KHJI, lJTO npH)KKa npH-
HaAJIe)KHT KOHCKOH c6pye, XOT5I 11 33TpY.LI.HHJICH onpeJ].e-
JlI1Tb T04HbIii cnoc06 ee npl1MeHeHI1H.
CneUHaJIbHOe HCCJIe)].OBaHHe nOCBHTHJI KOJIbLI.e06pa3Hb1M
ripH:lKKaM C Hen0.LI.BH)KHbIM BHeWHHM 513bllJKOM P. rHY W -
MaH :Ghirshman, 1958). OH C4HTaJI, 4TO Bce OHI1 CJlY)hI1J1H
J].JIH HaTHrHBaHH5I TeTHBbI Ha JIYK npH npHBeAeHHH ero B
6oeB)'1O rOTOBHOCTb I1JIH - B HeKoTopblX CJIY4aHx - .LI.JlH
CTpeJIb6bI H3 JIYKa. no cpopMe OH pa3.LI.eJIHJI npH)KKIi Ha
Tpl1 rpynnbI. 3K3eMnJIHpbI, OlJeHb 6JIH3KHe 3aKaBKa3CKHM,.
BbiAeJIeHbI HM B rpynny «C», BKJIlOlJalOllI.YIO weCTh npH-
)KeK (Bce C TeppHTopHH I1paHa). Cnoc06 HX HCnOJIb30Ba-
HI1H, no P. rHpwMaHY, 6blJI TaKHM: npH HaTHrHBaHHH Te-
THBbI neTJIH ee nponycKaJIaCb CKB03b KOJIbLI.O H Ha.LI.eBaJIaCb
Ha «nTI1'IHH KJIIOB»,caMO )Ke KOJIbLI.O .LI.ep)KaJIH TpeMR
naJIbLI.aMH - YK33aTeJIbHblH nOMelll.aJIC5I no.LI. KJIIOBOM, a
60JIbWOH ynHpaJIC5I B WJIHnKY BbIcTyna, nO.LI..LI.ep)KHBaeMYIO
CHH3Y cpeAHHM naJIbLI.eM (Ghirshman, 1958, pHC. 9]. B 3TOM
CJIY4ae OnpaB.LI.aHO HaJII14He nJIOCKOH WJIHnKH H Hape3Hor
opll3MeHTa Ha Hei1, .LI.eJIalOllI.ero WJIHnKY MeHee CKOJlb3-
Koi1; 110 KOHyco06pa3HaH WJIHnKa, H3BeCTHaH Ha HeKoTopblX
3K3e\111.151paX, HeCOBMeCTHMa C TaKOH cpYHKLI.HeH rrpR2KKlL
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MaHOM, OTHOCHTCH K 3Ha4HTeJIbHoMY BpeMel1HoMy oTpe3-
KY - OT nepBoH nOJIOBHHbl I TblCHlJeJIeTHH .LI.O H. 3. ,],0 I B_
H. 3. - 11 K 06WHpHOH TeppHTopHH OT ct>epraHbI .LI.0 y)Ke
ynoMRHYToro Bblwe 3Me3cKoro MOrHJIbHHKa [Ghirshman,
1958, c. 68-78).
Ha Bonpocax XpOHOJIOrHH H Ha3HalJeHHH KOJlbueBU;I'
HbIX npR)KeK C HenO.il.BI1)KHbIM H3bl4KOM cneUl1aJIbHO OCTa-
HOBII.1C51 n. MYPH B KaTaJIOre oKccpoP.LI.CKoH KOJIJleKUHH .1Y'
pUCTaHCKHX 6pOH3 (Moorey, 1971], B KOTOpOM OH BnepBblc
ony6.111KOBaJI elll.e .LI.Be npH)KKH C nTH4bl1MI1 rO.l0BKavru If
rI30Ueo6pa3HbIMH WHnaMH. n. MYPH KaTerOpl1'IeCK1! lie
COr.'I<JluaeTCH C P. rl1pWMaHOM B I1HTepnpeTaUl111 CPYHKUIIIf
npH;'EeK, C4HTaH HX Ma.l0 nO.LI.XO.LI.HllI.HMI1 lIJIR HaTRrl1BallllH
TeTIIBbl .1YKa H B03Bpaw.aHCb K MHeHl110 06 I1X I1CnOJIb30B3'
HI1H B KalJeCTBe 3aCTe)KeK KOHCKOH C6pYH. npl1 3TOM OH
CneUHaJIbHO nO.LI.lJepKI1BaeT TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO, lJTO OCHOBa.
HUR B cTynoB Ha JIypHCTaHCKI1X 3K3eMnJIHpaX rJIa1l.KO OT.
no.1Hp03aHbI KO)KaHb!M HJIH MaTeplJaTblM peMHeM. B no.'!.
TBeri!\JEHl1e CBoeH fHnOTe3bl n. MYPH CCb!JlaeTC TaKiKe
] 19
Ha MaTepHaJlbl rla3blpblKa, r.ll.e Ha np5DKKaX HHOH cpOPMbI,
HO TOH 2Ke KOHCTPYKIJ,HH 6blJlH 06HapY2KeHbl OCTaTKH KO-
:>KaHbiX peMHeH. XOT51 rl. MYPH H OTMe'laeT CYIll.eCTBOBaHHe
np5!2KeK 6JIH3KOrO THna B Ha'laJIe I TblC51'leJIeTHH .lI.O H. 3.,
OH, OCHOBbIBa51Cb r JIaBHblM 06pa30M Ha HaXO.ll.KaX H3 CY3
H .lJ.aHJlaMaHa (CM. HH)Ke), .lI.aTHpyeT H3.l1.aBaeMble HM
np51}KKH C 5l3bl'lKaMH B BH.lI.e nTH'lbHX rOJlOBOK (N!! 144-
146 no ero KaTaJIOry) II-I BB. .lI.O H. 3.
Cnell.HaJlbHOe HCCJIe,J.OBaHHe capMaTCKHX np51}KeK HHTe-
pecYIOIll.eii Hac KOHCTPYKIJ,HH OCYIll.eCTBHJla M. r. MOlUKO-
Ba. Ha OCHOBaHHH paCflOJlO}KeHH51 HX B MOrHJle OHa npH-
lUJla K BblBO.ll.Y, 'lTO Y capMaTOB 3TH np51}KKH CJlY}KHJlH B
OCHOBHOM .lI.JI51 KpenJleHH51 Me'la HJlH KOJl'laHa, XOT51 'MOrJlH
HCIlOJlb30BaTbC51 H B .lI.pyrHx ll.eJl51x. M. r. MOlUKOBa .lI.aTH-
pyeT OCHOBHYIO Maccy KOJlbll.eBH.lI.HblX Ilp51}KeK II-I BB.
)1.0 H. 3. [MolUKoBa, 1960, c. 297).
AHaJlH3 H3BeCTHbiX K HaCTOHIll.eMY BpeMeHH np51}KeK
.n.aHHoro THna nOKa3bIBaeT, 'lTO npOCTeHWa51 HX cpopMa,
npe.ll.CTaBJl51IOIll.a51 c060ii KOJlbll.O C HenO.ll.BH>KHbIM BHeWHHM
513bl'lKOM, 'laCTO ocpopMJIeHHblM B cpopMe IlTH'lbeii rOJlOBKH
(nepBblH THIl HaweH KJIaCcHcpHKall.HH), CKJla.ll.blBaeTC51 B Ha-
'laJle I TbIC51'leJIeTH51 ;1,0 H. 3. H H3BeCTHa B 3aKaBKa3be H
MaJloH A3HH (Ap'la.ll.30pCKHH KypraH N!! 2, KapMHp6ep.ll.-
';KHH MOrHJlbHHK, Tpo51 V I I). ApXeOJlOrH'leCKHH KOHTeKCT
He Il03BOJl51eT Ha.ll.e)KHO onpe.ll.eJlHTb cnoc06 IlpHMeHeHH51
3THX Ilp51)l{eK, HaXO.ll.HMblX B KOMIlJleKCe KaK C opY}KHeM,
TaK H !: 3J1eMeHTaMH KOHCKoro y60pa.
K 3TOMY )l{e BpeMeHH OTHOCHTC51 H nepBble H:?BeCTHble
HaM 3aKaBKa3CKHe 3K3eMIlJl51pbl npH}KeK BToporo THna
(Ap'la.ll.30pCKHH KypraH N!! I). EJlH3KOH cpOpMbl npH}KKa,
OTJlHlJalOIll.a51C51 HeCKO:lbKO 60JIbUlHM «XBOCTOBblM» BbICTy-
nOM H COOTBeTCTBeHIlO 66JIbWHM OTBepCTHeM, H3BeCTHa
cpe)J.H CJIYlJaHHblX IlpH06peTeHHH H3 JIyplfCTaHa [Ghirsh-
man, 1958, pHC. II; Moorey, 1971, Ta6JI. 27, pHC. 146]. JIy-
pHcTaHCKa51 n p51}KKa OT:mlJ aeTC51 60JIee YIlJIOllleHHbIM KOJlb-
lI.OM Ii IlOKpbITa KOCblMII HaCe'lKaMH, HaIlOMHHalOIll.HMH op-
HaMeHT Ha np51)KKe /lepBOrO THna 1f3 Ap'la,J.30pcKoro KYP-
raHa N!! 2. C6JIH)KaeT 11:\ ocpopMJIeHHe 5l3bl'lKa B BH)J.e O'leHb
peaJIHCTH'leCKot'1 rOJ10Bh!! flTHll.bl, npe)J.nOJlO)l{liTeJlbHO YTO'l'
KH fGhirshman, 1958, c. 70).
rloXO}KeH cpOpMbl np51)l{Ka 06HapY}KeHa H 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO
BocrTO'lHee - B <t>epraHe, B 4apMaKcKoM MOrHJlbHHKe paH-
Hec;KcKoro BpeMeHH. ChBepcTHe B ee «XBOCTe», KaK H Ha
ap'la:J.30pCKOH np51;.Khe. HMeeT TpeyrOJlbHYIO CPOPMY. Ma-
JleHbKHH HenO.ll.BH;.Kllblii H30rHYTblH 5l3bl'lOK no 06Ill.eH cxe-
120
Me HanOMHHaeT nTHqblO rOJlOBKY [EepHlUTaM, 1952, pHC. 77,
1J2.
KaK Il3BeCTHO, KOJlbll.eBH.lI.Hble np51}KKH C He60JlbWHMH
np51MoyroJIbHblMH paM'laTbIMH BblcTynaMH H MaJleHbKHMH
BepTHKaJlbHblM H CTep}KeHbKaMH Ha npoTHBOnOJlO}KHOH 'lac-
TH KOJlbll.a WHpOKO pacnpocTpaHeHbl Cpe.ll.H npe.ll.MeTOB
KOHCKOH ynp51)l{H caK'cKHx H aJlTaHCKHx naMHTHHKOB (CM.,
HanpHMep, [BHUlHeBcKaH, 1973, Ta6J1. XVIII, 35, 36.
Ta6J1. XVII, 5, 6, Ta6J1. VIII, 8, 9 H .lI.p.]). O.ll.HaKO, HeCMOT'
p5I Ha O.'l.HOTHnHOCTb 06Ill.eH cxeMbI, 3TH np5I}KKH BeCbMa .lI.a-
JleKH OT KaBKa3CKO-JlypHCTaHCKHX. JIHlUb HeKOTopblt:: H3
MHOrO'lHCJleHHbIX np51}KeK U,eHTpaJlbHOrO AJlTa51 HanOMH-
HalOT KaBKa3CKHe 60Jlee OCTaJlbHblX [PY.ll.eHKO, 1960,
Ta6J1. XIX, 8). KaK y}Ke OTMe'laJlOCb, aJlTaHCKHe np5I}KKH,
Ha KOTOpblX cOXpaHHJlHCb OCTaTKH KO}KaHbIX peMHeH, xo-
pOWO .lI.eMOHCTPHPYIOT, KaK HMeHHOOHH KpenHJlHcb.
CeH'lac He.ll.OCTaTO'lHO .lI.aHHblX, tIT06bI Cy.ll.HTb 0 MeCTe
CJlO}KeHH51 3TOH cpOpMbl np5I}KeK, HO HeCOMHeHHO, 'lTO 3a-
KaBKa3be, KaK H I1paH, BXO.ll.HJlO B 30HY HX paHHero pac-
npocTpaHeHH51. B pa3BHTHH np51}KeK 3Toro THna B .lI.aHHOM
perHOHe npOCJle}KHBaeTC51 TeH.lI.eHll.H51 K YTpaTe HMH 300-
MOpcpHOH cpOpMbl.
Oc06eHHO 6J1H3KHe aHaJlOrHH 3a npe.n.eJlaMH 3aKaB-
Ka3b51 HMelOT np5I}KKH TpeTbero THna. rlp5I}KKH C 5l3bl'lKOM
B B.H.lI.e flTHlJbeif rOJlOBKH H O.ll.HHM rB03.l1.e06pa3HbIM BbICTY-
nOM H3BeCTHbi B I1paHe, B 'laCTHOCTH B JIYPHCTaHe, r.ll.e
OHH npeJ.CTaBJIeHbl rJIaBHblM 06pa30M cJlyqaHHbIMH Haxo.ll.-
KaMH. TpH TaKHe np51}KKH HMelOT Ha nJlOCKHX WJlHnKaX
rB03.l1.e06pa3Horo BblcTyna Hape3HOH KpeCT, 'ITO COBna.ll.aeT
C cpopMoif If opHaMeHTall.HeH onHcaHHOH Bblwe np51}KKH H3
MaJlHWKH. O.ll.Ha H3 HHX - C XopOWO BbI.lI.eJlaHHOii rOJlOB-
Koif yr04KH-HaXO.ll.HTC51 B 'laCTHOif KOJlJleKIJ,HH [Seyrig, 1952,
pHC. 20; Ghirshman, 1958, c. 68, Ta6J1. I, 6), KynJleHa B
TerepaHe H, COrJlaCHO P. rHpwMaHY, npOHCXO)J.HT 113 JIypH'
CTaHa; .lI.pyra51 np5I}KKa - TO}Ke C TIll.aTeJlbHO C.lI.eJlaHHOif
YTHHOii rOJIOAKOH - H3 C06paHH51 TerepaHCKoro MY3e51
[Ghirshma n, 1958, Ta6J1. I, 91 H TpeTbH - C 300MOPCPHOii
(no MHeHHIO n. MYPH, nTH'lbeii) rOJlOBKOH - H3 OKCcpOp.ll.-
CKOH KO.1!ICKUIlI! - TaK}Ke HMelOT JlypHCTaHCKoe npOHCXO}K-
)J.eHHe.
2 A. H. 5epHwTaM (1952, c. 204] BH.llHT TO'lHYIO aHaJIOrHIO ei'l B
M I'"MllpCKIiX IIp5JiKKaX, a TaK}!{e B np51>KKaX Op.lloca, KHTa51 H BocTo'l-
lIoro TYPf:eCT<J!I<J. XOT51 OIiH OTHOC51TC51 K lIeCKOJIbKO HIIOMY THny II CKO'
pee 6JIU3KU yno"l51HYToii Bblwe np51>KKe H3 Ara EBJlapa (CM. [Herzfeld,
1941. pile. 290. 3. 4, 5 H .llP,]),
3aK. 524
P!
1.
npH}KKa 6JIH3KOH cpOpMbI, OTJIIi'lalOIl1.aSICSI <popMoli
lllJISlrrKH rB03.l1.e06pa3HOrO BblcTyna B BH.lI.e HH3KOrO KOHY-
ca, 6blJIa HaH.lI.eHa P. rHplllMaH M npH paCKOnKaX B CY3aX
B CJIOe, OTHOCSlIl1.eMCSI K KOHlI.Y aXeMeHH.lI.CKOrO - HatJaJIY
CeJIeBKH.lI.CKOrO nepHO.ll.a {Ghirshman, 1958, c. 69, pHC. lOl.
TaKoro }Ke THrra rrpSl}KKa H3 ,aaHJlaMaHa, OTHOCSlIl1.aSlCSI K
n03.l1.HeMY nepHo.ll.Y HcnOJIb30BaHHSI MOrHJIbHHKa [Egami
Fukai, Masuda, 1964, Ta6JI. LVI, 7, Ta6JI. XXX, 1]. '
npSl}KKH C O.ll.HHM HJIH, tJaIl1.e, TpeMSI rB03.l1.e06pa3HbIMH
BbiCTyrraMH, rrJIOCKHMH HJIH KOHH'leCKHMH, .lI.OBOJIbHO IIIHpO-
KO H3BeCTHbl Ha CeBepHoM KaBKa3e B KOMnJIeKCaX cap-
MaTCKoro BpeMeHH [AJIeKCeeBa, 1949, c', 226, Ta6JI. XI,
pHC. 68; BHHOrpa.ll.OB, 1963, c. 60; A6paMoBa, 1974
pHC. I II, 12 Ii .lI.p.]. CeBepoKaBKa3cKHe npSl}KKH OTJIHlJaIOT:
CSI HeCKOJIbKO MeHblllHMH pa3MepaMH rB03.l1.eo6pa3HbIx Bbl-
CTyrrOB H npe06JIa.ll.aHHeM nOJIyccpeplitJecKoH cpOpMbI lllJISln-
KH. 5I3 llJOK HX JIHlllb B pe.ll.KHX CJIytJaSIx coxpaHSIeT BH.lI.
nTHlJbeH rOJIOBKH, tJaIl1.e OH 3aMeHeH ropH30HTaJIbHblM III 11-
nOM. no MHeHHIO HCCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIeH, 3TH npSl}KKH, nOSlBHb-
IIIHeCH Ha CeBepHOM KaBKa3e no.ll. BJIHSlHHeM capMaTCKOH
KYJIbTypbl, npOH3BO.ll.HJIHCb 3.l1.eCb Ha MeCTe H COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO HMeJIH CBOH oc06eHHOCTH.
B J1YPHCTaHe XOpOIllO H3BecTHbl npSI}KKH CO lllJISlnKaMH
rB031I.eo6pa3HblX BblcTynoB, ocpopMJIeHHblMH B BH.lI.e 60po-
,.'I.aTLIX lJeJI BelJeCKHX JIHlI. [Ghirshmarr, 1958, Ta6JI. IV, 1,
2]. PerrJIHKa TaKoH cpOpMbI BCTpeTHJIaCb B OJIbBHH [MOlll-
KOBa, 1960, pHC. 2, 4).
. KaK H B npe.ll.bl1I.YIl1.eM THne, HaH60JIbillaSl THnOJIOrHlJe-
CKaSl Ii CTHJIHCTHlJeCKaSl 6JIH30CTb npOCJIe}KHBaeTCSI Me}l(llY
3aK3BKa3CKHMH H HpaHcKHMH npSl}KKaMH, H 3TO 06CTOSl-
Te.'lbCTBO HeJIb3S1 HrHopHpoBaTb, B tJaCTHOCTH, npH pellleHHH
BorrpocOB XpOHOJIOrHH. TaK, Bce KOJIblI.eBH.lI.HbIe HpaHcKHe
np>!il\KH C rB0311e06pa3Hb1MH BblcTynaMH Hepe1I.Ko OTHOC5IT
I( nOc.le.ll.HHM BeKaM .lI.O HailleH 3PbI [Moorey, 1971, c. 134].
Haxo;lKH, ClleJIaHHble B DepJ1.CKOM MOrHJIbHHKe, HeonpoBep-
;'KHMO .'I.OKa3bIBaIOT, qTO rrpSl}KKH C rB031I.e06pa3Hb1MH IIlH-
rra"lll 6blJIH H3BeCTHbl y}Ke B VI-IV BB. .lI.O H. 3., a B03-
MO;'I\l!O, H paHbllle. CJIe,lJ.yeT nO,lJ.lJepKHyTb, lJTO, XOTSI np>!-
;'1(eK nO,lJ.06HOH cpOpMbl B 3aKaBKa3be H3BeCTHO rrOKa HeMHO-
1'0. ('B03J.eoopa3Hble HaJIerrbl KaK 3JIeMeHT .lI.eKopa KepaMHKH
II3Bl'CTHbl 3L(eCb .lI.aBHO H IIIHpOKO. Y}Ke C KOHlI.a II TbIC>!-
ye.1E'TI!51 .lI.O H. 3. rro BceMY BOCTOlJI¥>MY H U,eHTpaJIbHOMY
3aKaI3Ka3blO pacrrpOCTpaHSlIOTCSI CO Cl'.lI.bI , YKpallleHHble rro
n.le'lIlK3M rrO.ll.06HbIMH HaJIerraMH. qa To Ha nJIOCKYIO lllJI>!rr-
KY lIa.lerra HaHOCHTCSI Hape3HOH KpeCT (CM., HanpHMep,
122
rrYMMeJIb, 1940, c. 73, pHC. 31 Ii JI.p.]). XOTSI KOJIHtJeCTBO
TaKHX IIIHrrOB Ha O.lI.HOM COCY.lI.e 'KoJIe6JIeTCSI OT 1 ,lJ.0 4,
rrpe06JIa,lJ.alOT BCer,lJ.a O,lJ.HH HJIH TpH. TaK, H3 B3HTblX HaMH
.lI.JISI rrpHMepa 40 COCY.lI.OB 23 HMeJIH no O,lJ.HOMy HaJIeny,
12 - no TPH, 3 - no ,lJ.Ba H 2 - no tJeTbIpe. B npe,lJ.eJIax 0.lI.-
Horo KepaMHtJecKoro KOMnJIeKCa Hepe.lI.KO COlJeTaIOTC>! cocy-
.lI.bI C TaKHMH HaJIenaMH H COCY.lI.bI, PYlJKH KOTOpbIX o4JOpM-
JIeHbI B BH.lI.e nTHlJbHX rOJIOBOK (CM., HanpHMep, KepaM HKY
MHHrelJaypcKor.? MOrHJIbHHKa). Bce 3TO CBH,lJ.eTeJIbCTByeT
o 3HalJHTeJIbHOH ,lJ.peBHoCTH YKa3aHHbIx opHaMeHTaJIbHblX
MOTHBOB B.3aKaBKa3be. MO}KHO OTMeTHTb TaK}Ke, lJTO op-
HaMeHT B BH.lI.e KOCblX HaCelJeK Ha 6ep.lI.CKHX rrpSl}KXax Ha-
nOMHHaeT YKpallleHHe 60JIee paHHeH rrpSl}KKH H3 KypraHa
N!! 2 AptJa.lI.30pa.
DJIH30CTb B ,lJ.eTaJISlX JIypHcTaHcKHx H 3aKaBKa3CKHX
rrpSl}KeK n03BOJISleT npe.lI.nOJIO>KHTb, tJTO H B I1paHe 3Ta
cpopMa nOSlBHJIaCb lIe n03}Ke VI-IV BB. ,lJ.0 H. 3. n pe.IK.lI.e
Bcero 3To OTHOCHTCSI K npSI}KKaM C Hape3I1b1MH K1)CcTaMH
Ha nJIOCKHX lllJISlnKaX rB03.lI.e06pa3HbIX BblcTyrrOB. nO,iJ,06.
Hble npSl}KKH, HeCKOJIbKO BH,lJ.OH3MeHSlSlCb, 6bITOBaJIH 3.l1.eCb
,lJ.0 capMaTCKoro BpeMeHH 3. KOCBeHHblM ,lJ.OKa33TeJIbCTBOM
paHHeH .lI.aTbi lJaCTH HpaHCKHX npSI}KeK SlBJISleTC>! H HaJIH.
lJHe CXO.lI.HbI cpOpM B paHHecaKCKHX naMSlTHH!\ax Cpe;lHeH
A3HH. .
M. r. MOlllKOBa 06'b51CHSleT 6JIH30CTb cpOpMbI capMaT-
CKHX npSl}KeK nepe.lI.Hea3HaTCKHM npOTOTHrraM 3aIlMCTBOBa-
HHeM ee B rrepHO,lJ. yCTaHOBJIeHHSI rrOCToSlHH blX ToproBO- KY .'lb-
TYPHblX CBSl3eH e}K.lI.Y YpaJIOM H I1paHoM, lJTO rrO,iJ,TBep.IK-
,lJ.aeTCSI H cpOpMOH HeKOTopblX nbSlH060pCKHX rrp>!/I\eK (c Ok
HHM HaJIenOM H HaCelJKaMH Ha KOJIblI.e), oc06eHHo 6JIH3-
KHX HpaHo-3aKaBKa3cKHM {MoIIIKoBa, 1960, pHC. 3).
npSl.IKKH lJeTBepToro THna HMelOT 60JIee JIOKaJILHLlij xa-
paKTep, H TOlJHblX aHaJIOrHH HM 3a npe.ll.eJIaM H 3aKaBKa3bSl
Mbi He 3HaeM.
npHBe.lI.eHHble .lI.aHHble, CBH.lI.eTeJIbCTBYIOIlI,He 0 IIIHpOKOM
XpOHOJIOrHlJeCKOM ,lJ.Hana30He H cpaBHHTeJIbHOil YCToi'!'IH-
BOCTH cpOpMbl KOJIblI.eBH.lI.HblX npSl}l(eK, 3aCTaBJI51IOT oyeHb
OCTOpO}l(HO OTHOCHTbCSI K npe,lJ.JIaraBWHMCSI ,lJ.aTllpOI3KaM B
" B l1paHe H3BeCTlibi pa311006pa311b1e KOJlbLleSH.llllble npB;KKII /lpyrHx
TlmOB, lIa KOTOpblX MbI lie OCTallaBJlIIBaeMC51. ECTb, B qaCTHoCTIi. np51}KKH
C H306pa>KeHH51MH, CTHJlHCTHqeCKH 6J1H3KHMH K KJlaCCH'lCCKIIM .wpHcTall-
CKHM 6poll3a!'l. qTO .llaeT OCIiOBaIlH51 OTlieCTIl IlX K COOTBeTCTfJ'\.lOll\eMY
epHO.'J.Y [Ghlrshman, 1958, Ta6J1. III, pHC. 6]. O.'lllaKO 6.11f30CTI-, laKaB-
a3CKlfX H HpallcKlix npSl>KeK C rB03JJ:e06pa311b1MH BblcTyna\\1I n03BO_151eT
npe,J.nOJlO>KHTb 3aKaBKa3CKoe npOHCXO>K.llelll!e 3Toro Tllna.
123
tex CAY4aHX, KOr a Haxb KH e HMe T ap eOROrH4eCKOrO
KOHTeKCTa, OC06eHHO eCJIH cpOpMa HX ,iJ.OCTaTOtlllO npO Ta.
CJIO)KeHHe 3TOl1 cpOpMbI B ee CapMaTCKOM BapHaHTe H IIIH-
pOKOe paCnpOCTpaHeHHe na a T, KaK 3TO y6e HTeJIbHO
)].OKa3aHO M. r. MOIIIKOBOIt, Ha 111-1 BB. )].0 H. 3. O HaKO
OT eJIbHble 3K3eMnJIHpbl npmKeK aHHOH CXeMbl MOrJlH no-
HBJIHTbCH K ceBepy OT r JIaBHOro KaBKa3CKoro xpe6Ta H B
60JIee paHHee BpeMH.
TaKOBa, HanpHMep, npH)KKa, 06HapY)KeHHaH A. A. liec-
ceHOM BO BnYCKHOM norpe6eHHH Jf 9 KypraHa Jf 58/26 Y
XYTopa nonoBa Ha LLOHY, aTHpoBaHHoM HM VII-VI BB.
)].0 H. 3. rl1ecceH 19546, c. 74, pHC. 34, 3]. M. r. MOIIIKO-
Ba )Ke, OCHOBblBaHCb HCKJI 4HTeJIbHO Ha HaJIH4HH 3 eCb
3TOH npH)KKH, OTHOCHT YKa3aHHoe norpe6eHHe K 111-
I BB. o H. 3. [MOIIIKoBa, 1960, c. 297}. npH)KKa npe cTaB-
JIHeT C060H KOJIe4KO C npoxo HmHM no eJ'o )].HaMeTpy
CTep)KeHbKOM. Ha BHelllHeH cTopoHe KOJIblJ.a HMeeTCH )].Ba
HaJIenHblX KpY)K04Ka. KaK OTMe4aJI A. A. l1ecceH, B CKHcp-
CKHX naMHTHHKax no 06Hble npH)KKH He npe CTaBJleHbl.
<PopMa nonOBCKOH npH)KKH OTJIH4aeTCH OT THnH4HO cap-
MaTCKHX H CKopee MO)KeT 6b1Tb COnOCTaBJIeHa C 6paCJIeTO-
06pa3HblMH npH)KKaMH Eep CKoro MOrHJIbHHKa, XOTH HMe-
eT He CBOHCTBeHHblH HM HaMeTpaJIbHblH CTep)KeHb. B py-
roM BnYCKHOM norpe6eHHH Toro )Ke KypraHa 6blJl 06Hapy-
)KeH 6pOH30Bbli'! HO)K C KOJIbIJ.eBOIt PYKOHTKOH, KOTOpblft
A. A. l1ecceH .n.aTHpOBaJl nepBOH nOJIOBHHOH I TblCH4eJle-
THH .lI.0 H. 3. H YKa3aJI Ha ero OT.lI.aJIeHHOe CXO.lI.CTBO C CH-
6HPCKHMH HJIH 3aKaBKa3CKHMH HO)KaMH. LL06aBHM, 4TO
60JIblllOe KOJlH4eCTBO HO)KeH H KHH)KaJIOB C KOJlbll.eBH.lI.HOU
PYKOHTKOH H31t eHO B Eep.lI.CKOM MOrHJlbHHKe BMeCTe C
npH)KKaMH HHTepecy mero Hac THna. Bce 3To CBH.lI.eTeJlb-
CTByeT, 4TO 60Jlee paHHHH Jl,aTa onHCbIBaeMOH npH)KKH, 4eM
npe.lI.JlO)KeHO M. r. MOIIIKOBOH, OTH .lI.b He HCKJI 4eHa.
E HHH4Hble npH)KKH 6J1H3KOH K paCCMOTpeHHblM 3K-
3eMnJlHpaM cxeMbl 3aCBH.lI.eTeJlbCTBOBaHbI B CeBepHOM npH-
4epHOMopbe CKHcpCKoro BpeMeHH [liJIbHHCKaH, 1968,
Ta6J1. XXIX. 14, Ta6J1. XXXII, 11, Ta6J1. XVIII, 1]. 3TH Ha.
XO.lI.KH CBHD.eleJlbCTBY T 0 HaJlH4HH npH)KeK HHTepecy meH
Hac CPOpMbl B p3HHeCKHcpCKOH KYJlbType. Ho caMa cxeMa
HX CTOJlb npOCTa, 4TO eJlaTb Ha OCHOBe conOCTaBJleHHH
3aKaBK33cKo-HpaHcKHx H CKHcpCKHX 3K3eMnJIHpOB KaKHe 6bl
TO HiJ 6blJlO BblBO bl 0 e.lI.HHOM HX reHe3Hce 6blJlO 6b1
npe eBpeMeHHO. CymecTBeHHO TaK)Ke, 4TO B 3aKaBKa3be
IIpmKKII 3TII.'\ THIIOB COBceM He npe CTaBJleHbl B 30He MaK-
CHM3J1bHOR KOHIJ.eHTpaIJ.HU 3J1eMeHTOB apxaH4eCKOH CKHcp-
124
CKOH KYAbTypbI,! a COcpeJ16TMeirhI no ttpellMymecfBY B BO-
CW4HblX U 10)KHblX paHOHax. TeM He MCHee Mbl C41113J111
He06xo;I.HMblM OCTaHOBHTbCH Ha 3TOH KaTeropHH, H3BeCT-
HOH KaK B 3aKaBKa3CKO-HpaHCKOM, TaK H B CKHcpO-Cai\-
CKOM apeaJlax.
)J.eTaJIH naHlI.HpSl
Ha60pbl )KeJIe3HbIX naHlI.HpHblX 4elllyeK, aHaJlOrH4HbiX H3-
BeCTHblM B CKHcpHH, 6b1JIH HaH.lI.eHbI B nOMemeHHHX N 38
H 40 Tei'lllle6aHHH. B nOMemeHHH Jf!! 38 HaXO.lI.HJIOCb 159
nJIaCTHH BblTHHYTOH nO.lI.npHMoyrOJIbHOH cpOpMbl, C 3aKpyr-
JIeHHblM HH)KHHM KpaeM, .lI.JIHHOH 3 CM H IIIHpHHOH 1,8 CM,
C TpeMH oTBepcTHHMH B.lI.OJIb BepxHeH - KOpOTKOH - CTOpO-
Hbl H 13 nJlaCTHH 60Jlee KpynHoro pa3Mepa (.lI.JlHH3
4,8 CM, IIIHpHHa 2,2 CM), HMeBIIIHX KpOMe BepXHHX eme O -
HO OTBepCTHe y 60KOBOH CTOpOHbl, HeMHoro HH)Ke ee ce-
pe.lI.HHbI. B nOMemeHHH Jf 40, B BepxHeM CJIoe ero 3aIIOJl-
HeHHH, 06HapY)KeHO 150 4elllyeK, aHaJlOrH4HblX nJIaCTHHaM
nepBoro THlIa H3 1I0MemeHHH Jf 38, H 20 60Jlee KpynHblx
nJIaCTHH (BblcoTa 5,5 CM, lllHpHHa 2 CM). nOCJle.lI.HHe HMe-
JlH IIO TPH oTBepcTHH, pacnOJIaraBIIIHxcH B Cpe.lI.HeH 4aCTII
[nHOTpOBCKHH, 1953, c. 35-36}. 3TH cpparMeHTbl lIaHIJ.H-
peH 6b1JIH conOCTaBJIeHbI E. E. nHOTpOBCKHM co CKHcp-
CKHMH naHlI.HpHMH H3 KypraHoB y /Ka60THHa H 6JIH3 CMe-
Jlbl. CBH3b KapMHp6JIypCKHX H CKHcpCKHX lIaHlI.HpHblX Ha60-
pOB 04eBH.lI.Ha, HO KYJIbTypHaH IIpHHa.lI.Jle)KHOCTb c.lI.eJIaHHbiX
B TeHllle6aHHH HaX0.lI.OK He MO)KeT 6b1Tb onpe.lI.eJleHa O,iJ.HO-
3Ha 4HO. KaK H3BeCTHO, IIJI aCTHH4aTblH HJlH 4elllYH43 Tbl ii
naHlI.Hpb 6blJI IIIHpOKO H3BeCTeH B nepe.lI.HeH A3HH, OTKY.J.3.
B 43CTHOCTH, npOHHK B 3aKaBKa3be [nHIJ.XeJlaypH, 1979.
c. 100]. 3aHMcTBoBaHHe lIepe.lI.Hea3HaTcKoro n3HIJ.Hp51 CKII.
cp3MH (04eBH.lI.HO, 4epe3 nOCpe.lI.CTBO ypapTOB) IIpe,iJ.C13B-
JlHeTCH HaH60JIee BepoHTHblM [MeJl KOBa, 1964, c. 69 CJI.].
B Teltllle6aHHH, B 4aCTHOCTH, 6blJlH 06HapY)KeHbl OCT3T!\I:
6poH30Boro 4elllYH4aToro lIaHlI.HpH VIII B. .lI.0 H. 3., .J.3T<J
K010poro .lI.OKYMeHTHpOBaHa Ha.lI.IIHCb H3 IIpHH3;J.JleiK3wcii
CMY IIY:OBHlI.e: «C06CTBeHHOCTb [lI.apH] APrHIIITH» [flH01'.
pOBCKHH, 1970, Ta6J1. 50). .
B BOCT04HOH EBpone pacnpocTpaHeHHe 4ewYlt431Q[U
n3HUHpH CBH3aHO, KaK npe.lI.IIOJlaraeTCH, co cKHcpaMH H, no
MHeHH E. B. lJepHeHKo, OTHOCHTCH B OCHOBHOM K nepHo-
JI.Y nocne OKOH4aHHH HX nepe Hea3HaTcKHx nOXO OB [Yep-
HeHKO, 1968, c. 143-144). nOCJle Hl!e HaXO.lI.KH nOK33bI
1:!5
MID'!', o.n.lIaKo, tI1'o enot npouecc HattaJtC5I paHbIlle, BO BCst-
KOM cnY'lae, Ha CeBepHOM KaBKa3e [AcpaHaCbeB, K03eHKO-
Ba: 1981, c. 175-176, pHC. 9]. Y MeCTHbIX *e nJleMeH 3a-
KaBKa3b5I naHlI.HpH :noro THna B ynoTpe6J1eHHe He BOlllJlH.
Cne.n.yeT, BnpO'leM, ynoMSlHYTb B 3TOH CB5I3H ewe O.n.HY
HaXO.ll.KY. B aeKOTopbIX norpe6eHHSlX CaMTaapcKoro MO-
rHJlbHHKa, CO.ll.ep*aBlllHX THnH'lHO CKHcpCKoe opy*He, 6bI:!H
HaH.lI.eHbI .n.OBOJlbHO MaCCHBHbIe (OKOJlO 1,5 MM TOJlWHHOH)
6poH30BbIe nJlaCTHHbI, .lI.OCTHraBlllHe B .n.JlHHY 14,5 CM, a 13
lllHPHHY 9,5 CM, HJlH np5IMbIe (norpe6eHHe N!! 104), HJlH
CHJlbHO COrHYTbIe (norpe6eHHe N!! 250). B.n.OJlb .n.JlHHHbIX
(BepTHKaJlBHbIx) CTOpOH nJlaCTHH pacnOJlaralOTC5I oTBep-
CTH5I .lI.Jl5I HalllHBaHHSI Ha OCHOBY. cI>parMeHTbI, nO-BH.lI.HMO-
MY, TaKHX *e nJlaCTHH co.n.ep*anHCb 13 HHBeHTape HeKOTO-
pbIX norpe6eHHH TOro *-e MOrHJlbHHKa, CO.ll.ep)f{aBlllHX opY-
)f{He ypapTcKoro THna. HH B OCTanbHbIX norpe6eHH5IX CaM'
TaBpo, HH Bo06we r.ll.e 6bI TO HH 6bIJlO B 3aKaBKa3be no-
.lI.06HbIe nJlaCTHHbI KaK 6Y.lI.TO He BCTpe'laJlHCb. BeCbMa Be- .
p05ITHa - XOT5I H He 6eccnopHa - HX 3aWHTHaSI CPYHKlI.H5I. :
no cpopMe 3TH nJlaCTHHbI HeCKonbKO HanOMHHalOT caBpo- ;
MaTCKHe 6J15IXH, CJlY*HBlllHe .n.nSl 3aWHTbI JleBOH PYKH BOH-
Ha OT TeTHBbI JlYKa rCMHpHOB, 1961, c. 36, pHC. 9, 3, 4;
4epHeHKo, 1981, c. 122]. HO 3Ha'lHTeJlbHO 60Jlbllle H Mac-
CHBHee HX.
B lI.eJlOM Haxo.n.KH 13 3aKaBKa3be cpparMeHToB 060POHH-
TeJlbHOrO .n.ocnexa, KOTopbIe MO/KHO 6bIJlO 6bI y6e.ll.HTeJlbHO
CB5I3bIBaTb co CKHcpo-caBpoMaTcKHM KYJlbTYPHbIM KpyroM,
nOKa BeCbMa HeMHOrO'lHCJleHHbI.
YKpaweHHSI
B YKpallleHH5IX, HaH.n.eHHbIx B naMSlTHHKax 3aKaBKa3b5I HC-
CJle.ll.yeMoro nepHO.ll.a, CKHcpCKHH 3neMeHT He BbI'lJleHSleTC5I
CTOJlb 'leTKO, KaK 13 .lI.pyrHx KaTeropHSlX HHBeHTap5I, pac-
CMOTpeHHbIX BbIllle. MHome npe.1MeTbI, Ha nepBbIH B3rJl5I.lI.
Cxo.n.HbIe co CKHcpCKHMH, npH 6.1HlKaHllleM paCCMOTpeHHH
,1JH60 OKa3bIBaIOTC5I B TaKOH }/\e Mepe xapaKTepHbI 1H .lI.Jl5I
3aKaBKa3CKOH, KaK H .lI.JlSI CKHcpCKMI, KYJlbTYPHOH Tpa.ll.HlI.HH,
JlH60 3Ha'lHTenbHO Y.lI.aneHbI OT CKHcpCKHX naMSlTHHKOB 130
BpeMeHH H nOTOMY HeBbIBO;:J.HM bI 113 HHX. K TOMY *e Bce
npe.n.MeTbI TaKoro po.n.a npe.n.CTaB eHbI 3aKaBKa3be e.n.H-
HH'lHO. CKOJlbKO-HH6y.n.b MaCCOBble *e HFo.n.KH COBepllleH-
HO OTCYTCTBYIOT.
TaK, Cpe.ll.H MaTepHanOB 3 apCKoro MOrHJlbHHKa HMeeT-
126
Ta6J1. XX. Pa3Hble npe. MCTbI CKH<pcKoro 06JIHKa: 1, 5, 6, 8 - JIe'l-
XYMII; 2-AKcTa<pa; 3, 4-Tm-l, norp. N2 128 H 130; 7,9,10,15-
KapMHp-6JIYP; J1-3JIap; 12, 14-MHllre'layp; 13-MaJlaKJlIo;
16 - XaCaH-KaJIe. 1-9, 1/-14, 16 - 6poH3a, 10 - naCTa, 15 - pa-
KOBHHbI
CSI H3rOTOBJleHHbIII H3 K Pyr nOlI npOBOJlOKH 6pOH30B bIH 6pac-
JleT C HeCOMKHYTblMH YKpallleHHbIMH KOHH'leCKHMH YTOJl-
IIJ,eHHSlMH KOHIJ,aMH IXaH3a.n.SlH, 1979, c. 82, Ta6J1. XVIII,8]
(Ta6n. XX, 11). KaK 113BeCTHO, 6paCJleTbI nO.ll.06HOH cpop-
MbI BeCbMa xapaKTepllbI .n..1S1 CKHcpCKHX naM5ITHHKOB [neT-
peHKo, 1978, c. 49-5:21. KOHH'leCKHMH lllHllle'lKaMH H cpaB-
f!flTeJjI>Ho MaCCHBHbI 1 neplKHeM 3J1apCKHH 3K3eMnJlSIp 6J1H-
t:n
1Ke BCem K 6paCJleTaM IV-III BB. JJ.O H. 3. CpeJJ.HeJJ.OH-
CKOH H JJ.HeCTpO-JJ.YHaHCKOH rpynn, no KJlaCCHcpHKall.HH
B. r. neTpeHKo [1978, Ta6J1. 38, 14-16). B 3aKaBKa3be
JJ.PYrHJf- cJlyqaeB HaXOJJ.KH TaKHX 6paCJleTOB Her, HO
3. B. XaH3aJJ.SIH 06paTHJla BHHMaHHe Ha TO, qTO nOJJ.06Hoe
ocpopMJleHHe KOHlI.OB HMelO .HeKOTopble 3aKaBKa3CKHe Ha-
BeplllHSI KOHlI.a II TblCSIqeJleTHSI JJ.O H. 3., H COOTBeTCTBeHHO
JJ.aTHpOBaJla 3J1apCKHH 6paCJleT, HaHJJ.eHHbIH BHe KOMnJleK-
ca. He HCKJllOqeHa, BnpOqeM, npHHaJJ.Jle1KHOCTb 3TOH Belll,H
CKHcpCKOH KyJlbType H, TaKHM 06pa30M, JJ.pyraSI ee JJ.aTH-
pOBKa, HO eJJ.HHHqHOCTb HaXOJJ.KH H OTMeqeHHble MeCTHble
napaJlJleJlH He n03BOJlSIIOT HaCTaHBaTb Ha 3TOM.
B pSIJJ.e ypapTcKHX naMSITHHKOB 3aKaBKa3bSI HaHJJ.eH
YKpallleHHSI THnOB, H3BeCTHb!X H B KOMnJleKCaX CKHcpHH. Ho
nYTH npoHHKHoBeHHSI clOJJ.a 3THX BeIII. H OCTalOTCSI He5lCHb!.
Y1Ke npHBJleKaJlOCb BHHM-aHHe K HaHJJ.eHHbIM B TeHllle6aH-
HH erHneTCKHM naCTOBblM 6ycaM B BH.'I.e KOHHqeCKHX p03e
TOK, nOKpblTblX cepO-3eJleHOBaToH rJla3ypblO (Ta6J1. XX,
10). OHH BeCbMa xapaKTepHbI JJ.Jl5I naM5ITHHKOB paHHecKHcp-
CKOH KYJlbTypbl CeBepHoro KaBKa3a H YKpaHHbI [nHOTpOB-
CKHH, 1950, c. 93; HJlbHHCKaSI, 1968, c. 64; nHOTpOBCKHH,
HecceH, 1940, Ta-6J1. V, 3; E06pHHCKHH, 1894, Ta6J1. V'
H JJ.p.]. He HCKJllOqeHO, qTO n05lBJleHHe TaKHX 6yc KaK B
3aKaBKa3be, TaK H B CKHcpHH 6bIJlO OIJ,HHM H3 CJleJJ.cTBHH
nepe.lI.Hea3HaTcKHx nOXO.lI.OB CKHcpOB, HO HalJ,eR<HblX .lI.OKa3a-
TeJlbCTB 3TOrO HeT.
B. 5. nHOTpOBCKHH OTHOCHJI K CKHcpCKHM TaK.lKe HaH-
.lI.eHHble Ha KapMHp-6J1ype O.IKepeJlb51 H3 paKoBHH KaypH
(nHOTpOBCKHH, 1953, C: 54] (Ta6J1. XX, 15). He06xoJJ.HMO,
O.lI.HaKO, yqHTbIBaTb, qTO, C O.lI.HOH CTOpOHbI, nOJJ.06Hble pa-
KOBHHbI xapaKTepHbI IJ,JI5I CKHcpCKHX naM5ITHHKOB TOJlbKO
CeBepHoro KaBKa3a, a C .lI.pyroH - lIpe3Bbi l IaHHO IIIHpOKO
npe.lI.CTaBJleHbI B naM5ITHHKaX caMoro 3aKaBKa3bSI npe.lI.llle-
CTBYlOllI,HX nepHO.lI.OB. o03TOMY n05lBJleHHe TaKHX O.IKepe-
JlHH B TeHllle6aHHH He npHXO.lI.HTC5I 0lJ,H03HaqHO CBSI3blBaTb
co CKHQ:>aMH.
HeCKOJlbKO IO.lKHCe, B XaCaH-KaJle OKOJ10 3p3epYMa, 6bI-
J1a HaH.lI.eHa 30JlOTa51 rpHBHa C KOHuaMH B BHJJ.e rOJlOBOK
pOraTbIX JlbBOB, KOTOPYIO B. B. oHOTpOBCKHH OTHOCHJI K
cKHQ:>o.axeMeHH.lI.CKHM H3IJ,eJlH5IM (Ta6.1. XX, 16). rpHBHa
6blJl3 06HapY.IKeHa B 60JlblllOM KypraHe C KaMeHHblM CKJle-
nol'l, CJlO.IKeHHbIM H3 XOpOlllO OTeC3HHbiX 6J10KOB 6e3 paCT-
Bopi, C rHe3.lI.aMH IJ,Jl5I MeTaJl.'lH'IeCKIiX cKpen Ha yrJloBbIx
K3MH5IX. KaK KOHCTPYKlI.H5I CKJlena, T3K H THnOJlOrH'IeCKHe
'oc06eHHOCTH rpHBHbI p.aJ1H OCHOB311He .1arHpoB Tb TOT na-
. e
MSITHHK V-IV BB. .lI.0 H. . InHOTpOBCKHH, 1954, c. 15lJ.
CBoe BpeMSI 5. B. ollOTpOBCKHH paCCMaTpHBaJl nOT
npeJJ.MeT KaK apxeOJlOrH'IeCKOe nO.lI.TBep.IK.lI.eHHe npe6bIBa-
HH5I CKHcpOB B BepXOBb5lX EBcppaTa, HO B 60Jlee n03.lI.HHX
ero pa60Tax 3TOT Te3HC pa3BHTHH He nOJlyqHJI. Me.IKJJ.Y TeM
rpHBHbI C JlbBHHbIMH roJlOBKaMH (HO 6e3 porOB) B CKH-
Q:>HH B caMOM JJ.eJle 6blJlH .lI.OCTaTOqHO pacnpOCTpaHeHbI
(neTpeHKo, 1978, c. 41 cJI.I. PoraTble .lKe JlbBbI r,I>HBHbI H3
XaCaH-KaJle HMelOT B CKHQ:>HH JlHWb O.lI.HY, HO .lI.OBOJlbHO
6J1H3KYIO aHaJlOrHlO: H306pa.IKeHHe Ha cepe6pSIHoM cocy-
JJ.e H3 KypraHa COJloxa [ApT3MoHoB, 1966, Ta6J1. 1541. OJJ.-
HaKO JJ.JlSI OKOHqaTeJlbHOro BbIBO.lI.a 0 CKHcpCKOH npHHaJJ.Jle.IK-
HOCTH rpHBHbI 3TOrO He.lI.OCTaTO'lHO.
B onpeJJ.eJleHHOH CTeneHH co CKHcpCKOH KYJlbTypOH CBSI-
3aHb! 6poH30BbIe ypapTcKHe n05lca THna HaHJJ.eHHblx B AHH-
neM3e H B JIeHHHaKaHe (N!! 42 H 43 - no cBoJJ.Ke). CJlY-
qaH HCnOJlI>30BaHHSI 3J1eMeHTOB, npe.lI.CTaBJleHHblX B HX JJ.e-
Kope, JJ.JlSI YKpallleHHSI paHHecKHcpcKHX .lI.peBHOCTeH HeOJJ.HO-
KpaTHo H BcecTopoHHe npoaH3.'1H3HpOBaHbI B. E. oHOTpOB'
CKHM [1949a; 19496; 1950; 1954; 1959a; 19781.
3epKaJla
B naM5ITHHKaX 3aKaBKa3b51 HccJle.lI.yeMoro nepHO.lI.a 3epKa-
Jla npaKTHqeCKH Hell3BeCTHbL I1cKJllOqeHHe COCTaBJlSIeT
rpynna co.u.ep.IKalll,HX CKHcpcKHe CTpeJlbl norpe6eHHH MHH-
reqaypcKoro MOrHJlbHHKa (N!! 3 - no cBoJJ.Ke), B HHBeHTape
KOTOpbIX HMeIOTC5I H 3epK3J13 C .lI.JlHHHOH pyqKOH, YKpa-
llleHHoH Ha KOHlI.e cpHrYPKoH )l{HBOTHOrO (Ta6J1. XX, 12,
14). 3epKaJla 3TH npH6J1H;'K3IOTC5I K «OJlbBHHCKOMY» THny
(BTOpa51 nOJlOBHHa VI - H3'13.10 V B. JJ.O H. 3.), .lI.OBOJlbHO
XopOWO npe.lI.CTaBJleHHOMY H H3 CeBepHOM KaBKa3e. O.lI.Ha-
KO, KaK OTMeTHJI B. B. BlIHOrpa.lI.OB [1972, c. 137], MHHre-
qaypcKHe 3epKaJla CYlll,eCTBeHHO OTJlH'IaIOTCSI OT npH'IepHO-
MOpCKHX 06pa311.0B xapaKTepoM 300MOpcpHbIX H306pa.IKe-
HHH Ha KOHlI.e PY'lKH, '1TO CKopee Bcero YKa3bIBaeT H3 HX
MeCTHoe npOH3BO.'l.CTBO.
6pOH30Bble COCYAbi
KJlenaHbIe 6pOH30BbIe COCY bI C OIJ,HOH HJlH .lI.BYM5I pyqKa-
MH, B BepXHeH '13CTII KOTOpblX nOMelll,eHbl OCTpble 3BepH-
HbIe YWll, y)l{e HeO.'l.HOKpaTHO 6bIJlH npe.lI.MeTOM cnell.HaJlb-
Horo HCCJle;J.OB3HH5I (l1eccell. 1935; KYCPTHII, 1943; oHOT-
129
pOBCKHH, 1944; KpynHoB, 1952; TexoB, 1977J (Ta6JI. XX,
1-9).
nOHBJIeHHe 6pOH30BWX KJIenaHWX COCY OB B naMHTHH.
Kax CeBepHoro KaBKa3a ceii4ac YBepeHHo OTHOCHT K o-
CKHCPCKOMY BpeMeHH (CM., HanploIMep, ITepeHo}!{KHH, 1982]).
4TO KacaeTCH COCY OB co «3BepOfOJIOBWMloI» pY4KaMH, TO
OCHOBHOH lI.eHTp HX npOH3BO CTBa HaXO HJICH, 04eBH HO, B
lI.eHTpaJIbHOH 4aCTH KaBKa3a, no o6e CTOpOHbI xpe6Ta;
3 eCb OHH npe CTaBJIeHbI B naMHTHHKax Ha4aJIa I TbICH4e-
JIeTHH o H. 3. [KpynHoB, 1952; Texoa, 1980a]. npOHHKHO-
BeHHe }!{e no o6HbIX COCY OB B 60JIee IO}!{HbIe paHoHbI 3a-
KaBKa3bH OTHOCHTCH B OCHOBHOM K VIII-VI BB. o H. 3.,
H TaM OHH Hepe KO COqeTaIOTCH C'ypapTcKHMH H CKHcp-
CKHMH npe MeTaMH [KYCPTHH, 1943; AnaKH 3e H p., 1959,
c. 1321. HaH eHbI OHH, B 4aCTHOCTH, B HeO HOKpaTHO yno-
MHHaBIlleMCH BbIIlle EpHJIbCKOM MOrHJIbHHKe lro6e }!{HIllBH-
JIH, 1970, c. 273, 289, 290]. HeJIb3H CtIHTaTb HCKJII04eHHOH
oITpe eJIeHHYIO CBH3b Me}!{ y npOll.eCCOM pacnpocTpaHeHHH
COCY OB YKa3aHHoro THna no TeppHTopHH 3aKaBKa3bH H
CHHXPOHHWM eMY nOHBJIeHHeM 3 eCb pa3JIH4HWX CKHcpCKHX
Be eH.
3AKJI10'1 EHHE
npOBe.LI.eHHblii aHaJIH3 nOKa3bIBaeT, 4TO 3JIeMeHTbI CKloIcp-
CKOH MaTepHaJIbHOH KYJIbTypbI B 3aKaBKa3be He orpaHH4H-
BaIOTCH OT eJIbHbIMH 60JIee loIJIH MeHee CJlY4aHHbIMH Haxok
KaMH, a COCTaBJIHIOT - KaK KOJIH4eCTBeHHO, TaK H Ka'IeCT-
BeHHO - cepllIO OCTaTOtJHO npe CTaBHTeJlbHYIO. CepHH 3Ta
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BJlH)KHeM BOCTOKe He,ll,OCTaTO'lHO OCBemeHa B Cneu.HaJlbHOH
JlHTepaType, H Bonpoc 0 KHMMepHHCKHX naM5ITHHKaX OTTY-
,lI,a nOKa OCTaeTC5I OTKpbITbIM), J1H60 apXeOJlOrH'leCKHH 06-
JlHK HCTOpH'leCKHX KHMMepHHu.eB OTHIO,lI,b He HC'lepnblBaeT-
C5I TeM KpyroM naMSITHHKOB, KOTopbIe CerO,ll,HSI npHHSITO CB5I-
3b1BaTb C 3THM HapO,ll,OM. Ho ,lI,eJlaTb H3 TaKoro OTCYTCTBHSI
naMSITHHKOB BblBO,ll" 'lTO KHMMepHHu.bI «He npOHHKaJlH B
CTpaHbI 3aKaBKa3b5l» ({TepeHO)KKHH, 1976, c. 203]; CM. TaK-
)Ke [MYP3HH, 1978, c. 23)), np5lMO npoTHBOpe'lamHH nHCb-
MeHHblM HCTO'lHHKaM, BeCbMa pHcKoBaHHo. .
XapaKTepHoH oc06eHHOCTbIO Belll.eH apXaH'leCKOrO CKHcp-
CKoro 06J1HKa H3 KOMnJleKCOB TOH 30HbI 3aKaBKa3bSI, r,ll,e
OHH BCTpe'laIOTC5I HaH60Jlee 'laCTO, SIBJlSIeTC5I HX oc06a51
6J1H30CTb K CKHcpCKHM MaTepHaJlaM H3 TeHJlle6aHHH. ITo-
Ka3aTeJlbHO H TO, 'lTO B 3TOH )Ke 30He MbI HaXO,ll,HM BemH
ypapTcKoro (npH'leM B HX CnelJ,HcpH'leCKOM - KapMHp6J1YP-
CKbM - BapHaHTe) npOHCXO)KlJ,eHH5I. cI>aKTbI 3TH ,lI,OJl)KHbI,
Ha HaJll B3rJlSI,lI" HHTepnpeTHpOBaTbC5I KaK CBH,lI,eTeJlbCTBO
,lI,OCTaTO'lHO TeCHblX CB5I3eH Tex CKHcpOB, KOTopble paCCeJlH-
JlHCb B YKa3aHHOH 30He, C )KHTe.'151MH 3aKaBKa3CKHX u.eHT-
pOB ypapTcKOH KYJlbTYpW. TaKHe CB5I3H B H3BeCTHOH Mepe
06'bSICHSIIOT MexaHH3M YCBoeHH5I BceH paHHeCKHcpCKOH KYJlb-
TYPOH p5l,ll,a 3J1eMeHTOB ypa pTCKoro npOHCXO)K,lI,eHH5I, O'lep-
'lHBaIOT Te TeppHTopHH, r;1e. I3IWHMO, npOTeKaJl npou.ecc
::noro YCBoeHH5I, nOIJ,TBep)K;1a51 B TO)Ke BpeM5I nUCbMeH-
Hble ,lI,aHHble 0 COlO3H H'IeCK HX OTHOJlleHH5IX, cymecTBOBaB'
JllHX B onpelJ,eJleHHbIH nepHO.'1 Me)KIJ,Y ypapTaMH H CKHcpa-
MH.
ITocJle VI B. ,lI,0 H. 3. KOJlH'IeCTBO CKHcpCKHX BemeH B
O'lep'leHHbIX paHOHax 3aKaBKa3b51 pe3KO COKpamaeTCSI.
ITpe,ll,CTaBJleHHble B 31J,eJllHHX naM5ITHHKaX :noro BpeMeHH
npe,ll,MeTbI, KOTopble MorYT 6bITb C6J1H)KeHbI CO CKHCPCKHMH
,lI,peBHOCT5IMH, OTpa)KaIOT, HeCOMHeHHO, MeCTHoe pa3BHTHe
CPOPM'T HeKOr,ll,a BOCnpHH5ITbIX Y CKHcpOB, a He np0IJ,OJl)KalO-
mHHC5I.JllPOu.ecc npOHHKHOBeHI1H c!O;1a BemeH H3 c06CTBeH-
HO cKIfcpCKoro apeaJla.
CKHcpCKHt' MaTepHaJlbI H3 33K3BKa3bSI, KaK nOKa3b1BaeT
136
HX att:aJ1H3, He MOrYT OblTb HCfIO.!ib3(')B3HbI ,lI,JlSI JlOKaJ1!t3a-
I,J.HH r,ll,e 6b1 TO HH 6bIJlO Ha TeppWI'OpHH 3Toro perHOHa
paHHero «CKHcpCKoro u.apCTBa». )J.aHHoe 06CT05lTeJlbCTBO He
SIBJlSIeTC5I, KOHe'lHO, pewalOmHM aprYMeHTOM ,lI,JlSI OTpHU.a-
HH5I caMoro cymecTBOBaHH5I :nOrD u.apCTBa. O,ll,HaKO xapaK-
Tep pacnpe,ll,eJleHHSI naM5ITHHKOB apXaH'leCKOH CKHcpCKOH
KYJlbTYPbl ,lI,eJlaeT HaHMeHee BepOSITHOH ero JlOKaJlH3au.HIO B
BOCTOtJHOM 3aKaBKa3be, B npe,ll,eJlaX MHJlbCKOH CTenH, T. e.
TaM, r,ll,e ero 'lame Bcero nOMemalOT. ECJlH ,lI,OnYCTHTb no-
,lI,06HYIO JlOKaJlH3au.H!O, TO npHJllJlOCb 6b1 npH3HaTb, '1TO
OCHOBaBJllHe 3TO u.apCTBO CKHcpbl nOJlHOCTblO YTpaTHJlH c06-
cTBeHHYIO KYJlbTYPY - TY caMYIO, KoropaSI CTOJlb SIpKO
npe,ll,CTaBJleHa B 3TOT )Ke nepHO,ll, KaK B ITpHtJepHoMopbe,
TaK H B ,lI,PyrHx paHoHax 3aKaBKa3bSI. YtJHTblBaH )Ke tJHCTO
YM03pHTeJlbHble HCTOKH KOHu.enu.HH 0 caMOM cymeCTBoBa-
HHH TaKoro u.apCTBa, He HMeIOmeH npSIMoro nO,ll,TBep)K,lI,e-
HHSI B HCTO'lHHKaX, CJle,ll,yeT npH3HaTb, 'lTO apXeOJlOrHtJe-
CKaSI cHTyau.HSI HaHOCHT :nOH KOHu.enu.HH omYTHMblH Y,lI,ap.
K COBepJlleHHO HHbIM pe3YJlbTaTaM npHBO,ll,HT nonblTKa
COrJlaCOBaHHSI apXeOJlOrH'leCKHX MaTepHaJlOB CO CBH,lI,eTeJlb-
CTBaMH HCTO'lHHKOB 06 06J1aCTH CaKaceHa. HMeHHO TaM,
r,ll,e 3Ta 06J1aCTb JlOKaJlH3yeTcSI no ,lI,aHHbIM nHCbMeHHbIX
HCTO'lHHKOB, T. e. B ceBepO-BOCTO'lHblX paHOHax 3aKaB-
Ka3bSI, Mbi HaXOIJ,HM IJ,OcTaTO'lHO MHorOtJHCJleHHble KOMnJleK-
CbI CKHcpCKoro 06J1HKa, OTHOCSImHecSI K V-IV BB. ,lI,0 H. 3.
(MHHre'layp H ,lI,p.). CaM H 'no ce6e 3TH HaXO,ll,KH 6b1J1H 6bl,
BH,lI,HMO, HeIJ,OCTaTO'lHbI ,lI,JlSI YTBep)K,lI,eHH5I 0 HaJlH'lHH B
COCTaBe HaCeJleHHSI 3Toro paHOHa B YKa3aHHoe BpeMSI ,lI,0-
BOJlbHO 3Ha'lHTeJlbHOrO CKHcpCKoro KOMnOHeHTa, HO corJlaco-
BaHHe ,lI,aHHbIX apxeOJlOrUH H TonOHHMa n03BOJlSIeT ,lI,ony-
CTHTb BepOSITHOCTb 3Toro, O,ll,HaKO, nOBTopSIeM, JlHJllb ,lI,JlSI
,lI,OCTaTO'lHO n03;IHero BpeMeHH.
B 3 KJlIO'leHHe 3a KOHOMepHO nOCTaBHTb Bonpoc 0 TOM,
B KaKOU Mepe B3aHM0;1eHCTBHe 3aKaBKa3CKHX H CKHcpCKOH
KYJlbTYP 0ppe,ll,e.'1HJlO HX 06J1HK. Cpe,ll,H BemeH CKHcpCKHX
THnOB, HaH,lI,eHHblx B 3aKaBKa3be, HMeIOTC5I, KaK Y)Ke OTMe-
tJaJlOCb, 3K3eM nJl5lpbI, H3rOTOBJleHHble MeCTHbiM H M aCTep a-
;MH. Ho nO,ll,06Hble cpOpMbl TaK H He CTaJlH OpraHH'lHbIM
3J1eMeHTOM MeCTHOH KYJlbTypbI. ECTb HeKOTopbIe OCHOBaHH5I
nOJlaraTb, 'lTO CKHcpCKHe MOTHBbl MOrJlH 6bI 6blTb BbIHBJle-
HbI npH aHaJlH3e 3aKaBKa3cKoro cpOJlbKJlOPHO-MHcpOJlOrH'le-
cKoro MaTepHa.'Ja, HO 3TO TeMa cne.I HaJlbHOrO HCCJle;1ol3a-
HH5I.
4TO )Ke KaCaeTC5I CKHcpCKOH KYJlbTypbI, TO cpe,ll,H cpOPM,
YCBoeHHbIX e!O B apXaH'IeCKHH nepHO,ll" 60JlbJllHHCTBO CB5I-
137
3aHO C nepe,l1Hea3HaTCKHMH, B TOM tIRCJle ypapTcKOH, Tpa-
JJ.HlI.H5IMH. 3aKaBKa3be JKe OCTaBaJlOCb nepHcpepHeH TOR 30-
HbI, B npe.a.eJlax KOTOpOH npOTeKaJla .LI.e5ITeJlbHOCTb CKHcpOB
B OepeJJ.HeH A3HH. OJJ.HaKO HeKOTOpble c)JIeMeHTbl (cpOpMa
TOnOpOB H .lI.p.) 6b1J1H, O'IeBH.lI.HO, BOCnpHH5ITbI CKHcpaMH
HMeHHO H3 3aKaBKa3CKHX KYJlbTYp. .
ABTOpbl .lI.aHHOH pa60Tbl, 6Y.lI.Y'IH IIO P0.ll.Y CBOeH .lI.e5l-
TeJlbHOCTH Cnell.HaJlHCTaMH no apXeOJlOrHH KaBKa3a, IIO.ll.O-
WJlH K c06paHHOMY B .lI.aHHOH KHHre MaTepHaJlY npeJK.lI.e
Bcero C II03HlI.HH 3TOH 06J1aCTH 3HaHH5I. 003TOMY npO.ll.e-
JlaHHblH HMH aHaJlH3 HOCHT B H3BeCTHOH Mepe IIpe.ll.BapH-
TeJlbHblH xapaKTep. MbI paCCMaTpHBaJlH Hawy pa60TY KaK
O.ll.HH H3 warOB B HanpaBJleHHH ynopH.a.O'IeHHH H CHCTeMa-
TH3all.HH CKHcpCKHX MaTepHaJlOB H3 3aKaBKa3bH, 'ITO B IIO-
CJle.ll.Hee BpeMH CTaJlO IIpe.ll.MeTOM YCHJlHH MHorHX KaBKa30-
Be.ll.OB. LI.eJlb 3THX YCHJlHH - C.lI.eJlaTb CKHcpCKHH MaTepHaJl
H3 3aKaBKa3bH MaKCHMaJlbHO .lI.OCTYIIHbIM .a.Jl5I wHpOKoro
Kpyra CKHcpOJlOrOB. ECJlH Hawa pa60Ta cnoc06cTByeT no-
MY, MbI MOJKeM C'IHTaTb CBOIO 3a.a.a'IY B 3Ha'IHTeJlbHOH Me-
pe BblIIOJlHeHHOR.
nPHJlO)KEHHE
Ta6J1Hu.a
beMeHTbI CKHcpcKOA KYJlbTYPbl B naMSlTHHKax 3aKaBI{a3bH'"
. '", ,:, io:.
. ..!, I'"
.. "," :zs'g 1"''''
Howep no CIIOAxe :E ,g ..
XapalCTep .. :zsu te ....
H H8HWeHOB8HHe :!I .. 3! ..» ::So .... ..
naWIITHHxa nalolllTHHKa '" .. ::Je R :>10 .... ..
8- .. g: "'''''' 8. '"
.. "0 8."'''' 8.
.. .. .... "," 00
u -< (-o t::(u os. t: ;.:... t::
I. AnmepoHCKHH MOrHJlbllHK + - - - - - -
nOJlYOCTpOB
2. flOprllH MOrHJlbHHK
H CBSlTHJlHllI.e + - - - - - - -
3. MHHre'layp MorHJlbHHK X - - - - + -
4. KHpoBa6aJl,' CJlY'laiillall
HaXO.llKa - - - - - - - +
5. Ke.lla6er< MOrH.1bIlHKH ++ + - - _. - -
H KaJlaKeHT
6. Capbl-Tene .- ilorpe6eIlHe
Ha noeeJle-
HHH + - - - - - -
7. Ke'lHJI_ H 1 CJlY'laHliall
, "f- ' HaXO.llKa + - - - - - -
8. CTenaHaKepT " CJlyqaiillaSl
HaXO){Ka - + - - - - -
9. HepKHH-fopa- MOrHJlbHHK ++ - - - - - - -
TaH
10. HaXH'IeBaHb CJlY'Iaiillall
HaXO){Ka + - - - - - -
11. MaJlblH KypraH ilorpe6eHHe + - - - - - -
B MHJlbCKOH
CTenH
12. AJla3aHCKall OT){eJlblible X - - - + - -
Jl,OJlHHa norpe6ellHH
13. PKHHHC-KaJlo Monl.lbHIIK + - - +? - - -
14. Marapo CJlYQaHlla51
HaXO){Ka - + - - - - -
15. MO'lPHJlH-fopa ilOCeJleliHe ++ - - - - - -
16. MeJlaaHH CBIITH.lf1ll1C ++ - - - - - -
]7. lllaJlTO H OT ){e.1 bl! ble
Xamypu norpe6eIlH51 + - - - - - -
139
npOaOA3lCeH.Ue Ta6A.
, , . co ,;, . 1
.. :c.. 1;:.. ."
!Ii 00. ",:c '" "'..
HOMep no CBOAKe XapaKTep "8 .. :zso ..:c
.. :zsv tE
H H3HMeHOBaHHe n3MSlTHHKa :zs .. :ZS.. :c» ;;E i:j:J =:
o.:zs :ie :So
naMJlTHHKa .. .. 0", 8,0 .."'.. v'" ..
:c "'8. 8.
8, :c c.. t o 8,....
14 0.. c::: a t::
a < t--.. <:tv
-
18. ACTXH-6J1YP ilocelleHHe + - - - - - - -
19. TM63.1\HP ilocelleHHe + - - - - - - -
20. Hop3meH ilocelleHHe ++ - - - - - - -
21. XpT3HOLl MOrHJlbHHK - - + - - - - -
22. AKHep MOrHJlbHHK + - - - - - - -
23. M3K3p3meH ilorpe6eHHe + - - - - - - -
24. KYPT3H MOrHJlbHHK - - + - - - - -
25. ApT3m3T ilocelleHHe + - - - - - - -
26. 4H'IK3B3H CIIY'I3HH3S1 + - - - - - - -
HaXO.llK3
<no A prHmTHxHHH- ilOCeJleHHe ++ + - - - - - -
JlH-33n3.1\Hall
KpenocTb
28. A prHmTHxHHH- ilOCeJleHHe + - - - - - - -
JlH-BOCTO'lH311
KpenocTb
29. rp3Mn3 ilOCeJleHHe + - - - - - - -
30. Hop3KepT CIIY'I3HH311 + - - - - - - -
HaXO.1\K3
31. <l>p3HK3HOLl CJlY'I3HH311 ++ - - - - - - -
2. HaXO.1\K3
lIBHH ilocelleHHe + - - - - - - -
33. lIiKpa p3T ilorpe6eHHe + - - - - - - -
34. Om3K3H il or pe6eHHe ++ - - - - - - -
35. ileM3ameH apaKTep ++ - - - - - - -
naM51THHK3 (X?)
He51ceH
36. ACTXa.1\30p ilorpe6eHHe + - - - - - - -
37. WHpaKaBall ilocelleHHe + - - - - - - -
38. reXOBHT ilorpe6eHHe - + - - - - - -
39. TeHme6allllH nOCeJleHHe ++ + - + + - - -
40. 3pe6YHH nOcelleHHe ++ - - +? - - - -
41. Kap'laxnlOp no.n KYJlb- + - - - - - - -
TypHblM
CJloeM no-
CeJlCHHR
42. AHH-neM3a MorHllbHHK ++ - - - - +? -
43. J1eHHHaKaH CJlY'IaHHall - - - - - +? -
lIaXO.1\K3
44. Ka'laraH norpe6eHHII + - - - - - -
45. MycHepH H MOrHJlbHHKH + + - - - - -
WaHTaH-.llar
46. rKYMbICH MOrHJlbHHK + - - - - r- -
47 'I'MPHc-fopa norpe6eHHe ++ - - - - - -
48. aHTlla.nH MOrHJlbHHK + - - - - - -
49. AllreTH CJ1Y'laHHall + - - - - - -
lIaXO.llK3
140
n POaOA:Jlceliue m6A.
. 'co ,:,
, "'.. 1;:.. ..
.. 00. ",,,, :zs'8 '"
Howep no CBOl1Ke XspaKTep '" 140 .. :c
'" '" :zsv tE ....
H H8HMeHOBaHHe nSUSTRRKS :zs .. :ZS.. ",» "'0 ",,,, ..
.. .. o.:zs =E :So 5 ..
naMRTHHKa '" "'..
8, 0", "0 .."'.. ..
'" c'" t 0.", 8,.... :c w 8.
.. 14 0.. 8a. c:: a 0..
(.J < t--.. <:tv ;:(", t::
50. fpM3xeBH-
CT3BH
51. fOMapeTH
52. AxallLlHxe
53. BemT3meHH
54. UHLl3MYPH
55. C3MTaBpO
56. UonH
57. PYCT3BH
58. X'OBlle
59. lIBaHH
60. TJlII
61. KOpllHCH
62. PYK
63. K06eTH
64. PycTaBH
65. BpHJlH
66. fya.nllxy
67. KpacHbIH
MaRK
68. KYJlallYPxBa
69. KOJlXH.na
70. fy.naYTa**
71. CyxYMcKa51
ropa
72. MepxeYIIH
73. 3wepa
74. HHrB3HaliH
MOrHJlbHHK
MOrHJlbHHK
CIlY'l3iiH3S1
H3XO.1\K3
MorHllbHHK
ilorpe6eHHe
MorHllbHHK
MOrHJlbHHK
CJlY'l3iiH3S1
HaXO.llK3
ilOCeJleHHe
MorHllbHHK
MorHllbHHK
CJIY'laiiH311
HaXO,lJ.K3
CJlY'l3iiH311
H3XO.1\K3
CJlY'l3HH311
H3XO.1\K3
CJlY'laHHble
H3XO.1\KH
MorHllbHHK
MorHllbHHK
MorHllbHHK
MorHllbHHK
CJlY'laiiHall
HaXO.1\K3
ilorpe6eHHe
MorHllbHHK
MOrHJlbHHK
ilorpe6eHHe
MOrllJlbHIIK
+
+
++-
+
+ of?
++ +
+
++-
++-
+ +
+ +
+
+?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
++-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
* B Ta6J1HLle 'oTpali\eHa BCTpe'laeMOCTb 3J1eMeIiTOB CKH4JCKOi\
Ky.lbTypbl B naM51TIIHKe B LleJlOM, a lie B OT.lleJlbHblX KOMnJleKcax. 41!C.l0
Haxo.nOK (KpOMe CTpeJl) lie OTpa>KeIiO. B rp3<pe «CTpeJiblJ> 3I1aKO ! +
OD!e'JeHb! e.nHHII'Ilibie (.no 3 3K3.) HaXO.llKII, 3HaKOM + + 60.1bwee '!1iC'
JlO. 3uaKOM X - KOJl'laHlibie lIa60pbl. 3HaK (?) 03I1a'laeT, '1TO npHHa;l'
. e>KHOCTb 3J1eMeliTa K CKH<pCKoii KYJlbType lie 6eccnoplla.
.. B 3TOT KOMnJleKC lie BXO.'J.51T 3J1eMeliTbi CKII4JCKOii Ky.lbTypbl B
c06CTBeIlIlO 1 CMblCJle. Ho CO.llepiKall\lIeCII B HeM 6pOll30Bble II iKe,leJllb!p
,onoPbl nOKa3aTeJlbllbi !l.Jl51 B""51Cl{eIlH51 relle311ca CKII<pCKIIX TonopOD.
\4\
.II HTEP A TYP A
A6paMOBa, 1974.- A6pQMOBa M. n. naMIITIIIIKH ropllbiX paiioHoB IJ.eIlT-
paJlbHOrO KaBKa3a Py6e>Ka II nepBblx BeKOB lIallleii 3pbl.- Apxeo-
JlOrH'IeCKlle HCCJleJl.OBaHlI1I Ha lOre BOCTO'lHOH EBponbi. M., 1974.
A6paMIIlllBHJlII, 1957.- A6paMulUBuAU P. M. K Bonpocy 0 J1.aTllpOBKe
naMIITII oB 3nOXII n03.lllleii 6pOH3bl II mllpOKoro OCBoeIlH51 >KeJle3a,
06Hapy>KeHllblX B CaMTaBpcKoM MOrHJlbHIIKe.- BfMf. Bbln. 19-A,
21-B. T611J1I1CII, 1957 (lla rpY3. 113.).
A6paMIIlllBIIJ1H, 1961.- A6paMulUBuAU P. M. K Bonpocy 06 OCBoeHIIH
>KeJle3a Ha TeppHTopll1l BocTo'lHoil rpY3HH.- BfMf. Bbln. 22-B.
T611J1I1CII, 196'l.
ABaJlIIlllBHJllI, 1974.- ABaAulUBuAU r. 5. KBeMo (HII>KH5151) KapTJlII B
nepBoii nOJlOBHHe I TblCII'IeJleTIIII 11.0 H. 3. T611J1HCII, 1974 (lia
rpY3. 113.).
ABaHecoBa, 1975.- ABaHeCOBa H. A. K Bonpocy 0 6pOll30BblX CTpeJlaX
CTenllbiX nJleMeli 3nOXH 6pOIl3b1.- TpYJl.bl CafY. Bbln. 270. CaMap-
KallJl., 1975. .
AJleKceeBa, 1949.- AAeKCeeBa E. n. n03J1.lIe-K06allcKa51 KYJlbTypa IJ.eHT-
paJlbllOro KaBKa3a.- Y'lelible 3anllCKH JIfY, cepll51 IICTOpl!'1eCKHX
lIaYK. Bbln. 13. JI., 1949.
AJllleB, 1960.-AAueB Hzpap. HcrOpHH MH.llHII. 5aKY, 1960.
AJllleB, 1979.- AAueB Hzpap. 0 cKH<pax H CKII<pCKOM uapCTBe B A3ep-
6aiiJl.>Kalle.- ilepeJl.llea311aTcKllii C60pIIIIK. Bbln. II I. I1CTOplill II <p1(-
JlOJlOrH51 CTpali .llpeBllero BocToKa. M., 1979.
AIIJl.pOIlHKalllBHJlII, 1966.- - AnoponuKalU8uAu M. K. O'lepKH no IIpanCKf)-
rpy31111cKIIM 113b1KOBbiM B3aIlMOOTIlOlllellll51M. T6HJlIICH, 1966 (Ha
rpY3. 513.). I.'
AnaKIIJl.3e II J1.p., 1959.- AnaKuo3e A. M. U op. ApXeOJlOrH51 fpY31111.
T611J1I1CII, 1959 (lia rpY3. 113.).
ApaKeJl51I1, 1969.- ApaKeARIi 5. H. 0 lIeKOTopblX pe3YJlbTaTax apxeoJlo-
rH'IeCKOrO H3Y'leIlH5I J1.peBHero ApMaBllpa.- H<l>)K. 1969. N2 4.
ApTa MOIIOB, 1966.- ApTaMolioB M. H. COKpoBIIUla CKl!cpCKIIX KypraHoB
B c06pallllll focYJl.apCTBelllloro 3pMIITa>Ka. ilpara - J1eHIIHrpaJl.,
1966.
ApTaMolloB, 1968.- ApTaMonoB M. H. ilPOIICXO>K.1\elllle CKII<jJcKoro IIC-
KYCCTBa.- CA. 1968, .N'2 4.
ApTaMolloB, 1973.- ApTaJolOIiOB M. H. COKpOBIIll\a caKOB. M., 1973.
ApTaMolloB, 1974.- ApraMolioB M. H. KIIMMeplliiLlbi II CKII<j>bl (OT no IIB-
Jlellll51 lIa IICTOpll'leCKOil apelle .llO KOIILla IV B. .llO II. 3.). TI., 1974.
ACJlaIlOB, 1975.- ACAanoB r. ApxeoJlorH'IecKlle IICCJle)lOBaHI\ H lIa An-
lllepolle.- ApxeoJlorH'IecKlle II '3Tllorpa<pII'IeCKHe H3blCKaHI\H R A3ep-
6aii.ll>Kalie (1974). oaKY, 1975.
ACJlallOB, 1980.- ACAano8 r. 0 apXeOJlOrll'leCKHX naMHTI\HK3X .-\nwepo-
lIa.-MKA. Shin. IX. 5aKY, 1980.
ACJlaHoB, Ball.lloB, HOlle, 1959.- ACAalioB r. M., BauiJo/J P. M..
HOlie r. H. .ilpeBlillii Mllllre'layp. 5aKY, 1959.
ACPRII, 1973.- ACpRIi 10. ApxeoJlOrH'IeCKlie lIaXOJl.KH B HaroplioM Ka-
pa6axe.-I1<l>)K. 1973, N22.
A<fJallaCbeB, K03eI\KOBa, 1981.- AcfJanacbeBT r. E., K03eHKnAa B. H.
o lIell3BeCTllbiX norpe6aJlbllbiX KOMnJleKca.1 npe.1\CKfHpcKoro nepHO.1\a
113 OKpeCTHOCTeii KHCJlOBo.!tcKa.- CA. 191)11', N2 2.
AxalloB, 1961.- Axalio8 H. H. feJ\eH./UKI\KCKl\e KypraHHble )J.O.lbMellbl.-
CA. 1961. N' 1.
142
6apaMHJl.3e A. A., 1963.- SapaMudae A. A. MaTepnaJlbttbte naMltTttHKIt
YpapTY I KIIMMepo-cKII<pCKllii Bonp07'- MaTepllaJlbl no apXeOJlOrHH
rpY31111 II KaBKa3a. T. III. T611J1I1CII, 1963.
5apaMHJl.3e M. B., 1977.- 5apaMuo3e M. B. MepxeYJlbcKllii MOI'HJlbHHK.
T6HJlIICII, 1977 (Ha rpY3. 113.).
5epHlllTaM, 1952.- 5eplilUTaM A. H. HCTopIlKo-apXeOJlOrll'leCKlie O'lepKH
IJ.eHTpaJlbHOrO Tllllb-UIalill H ilaMHpO-AJlaR (MI1A. N2 26). M.- JI.,
1952.
506pllllCKllii, 1894.- 506pUliCKUa A. A. Kyprallbl II cJlY'laiiHble apxeo-
JlOrH'IeCKlle lIaXOJl.KII 6J1113 Mecre'lKa CMeJlbl. T. I I. Cil6., 1894.
BIIIIOrpaJl.OB, 1963.- BUliozpaooB B. 5. CapMaTbi CeBepo-BoCTO'lIiOrO
KaBKa3a (Tp. 4e'lello-HllrymcKoro HI1li. T. VI). fP03HbliI, 1963.
BIIIIOrpaJl.OB, 1964.- BUliozpaooB B. 5. 0 CKH<j>CKHX nOXOJl.ax '1epea
KaBKa3.- Tp. 4e'leIi0-HlirymcKoro HI1li. T. IX. fP0311b1i1, 1964.
BIIHorpaJl.o'B, 1972.- BUliozpaooB B. 5. IJ.eHTpaJlbHblii II CeBepo-BocTo'l'
lIb1ii KaBKa3 B C'KII<pcKoe BpeM51. fP03Hblii, 1972.
Bllllorpa.lloB, 1974.-'BuliozpaooB B. 5. HOBbie HaXO.llKIi npeJl.MeTOB CKII-
<p0-cII6I1pCKOro 3Beplllloro CTIIJlII B 4e'leIl0-l1l1ryweTlIH.- CA. 1974,
N2 4. .
BIIHorpaJl.oB, ):{Y.llapeB, 1983.- BUliozpaooB B. E., J1yoapeB C. JI. K
3TIIOKYJlbTypllOii IIIITepnpeTaLlIIII lIeKoTopblX MaTepHaJlOB VII B.
11.0 H. 3. 113 ilpeJl.KaBKa3b51.- ACr3. Bbln. 23. JI., 1983.
BllwlleBcKall, 1973.- BUlUlieBcKaR O. A. .KYJlbTypa caKCKllX nJleMeH 1111-
30BbeB Cblp.llapbll B ;V1I-V BB. .llO II. 3. M., 1973.
BOpOIlOB, 1975.- BopolioB /0. H. BoopY>Kelille .llpeBllea6xa3cKllx nJleMeH
B VI-I BB. .llO II. 9.- CKHcPCKlliI Mllp. KlleB, ,1975.
BOpOIlOB, 1980.-BopolioB /0. H. 0 XpOIlOJlOrll'leCKllx CBII311X KIIMMepllii-
CKO-CKII<pCKOii II KOJlXIIJl.CKOil KYJlbTYP.- CKI\<j>H5I II KaBKa3. KlleB,
1980.
BII3bMIITlllla, 1963.- BR3bMuTulia M. H. PallHHe naMIITIIIIKII CKII<pCKoro
3Beplllloro CTIIJlII.- CA. 1963, .N'2 2.
farJloiiTII, 1966.- rOZAOaTU 10. C. Anallbl II Bonpocbl 3Tllorelleaa oce-
TIIII. T611J1I1CII, 1966.
faJlalllllla, 1977.- raAanUHa JI. K. CKII<pcKlle .llpeBIiOCTII nOJI.llenpOBbH
(3pMIITa>Kllall KOJlJleKLlIIII H. E. 6paHJl.eIl6ypra) (CAli. Bbln.
):{ 1-33). M., 1977.
faJlalllllla, 1983.- raAaliUlia JI. K. PaliliecKII<j>cKlle Y3J1.e'llible Ha60pbl
(no MaTepllaJlaM KenepMeccKllx KypraHoB).- ACf3. Bbln. 24. JI.,
1983.
f06e.1\>KHlllBIIJlII, 1952.- r06eO:JICUIUBUAU r. CPo ApxeoJlorll'lecKlle paCKon'
KII B COBeTCKoii fpY31111. T611J1I1CII, 1952 (Ha rpY3. 113.).
f06eJl.>KIIWBIIJlII, 1970.- r06eO:JICUIUBUAU r. CPo 3noxa n03J1.lIeii 6pOll3bl
II >KeJle3a B fpY31111.- O'lepKII IICTOpllH rpY3HII. T. I. T6HnHcII,
1970 (lia rpY3. 113.).
fpaKoB, 1930.- rpaKoB 5. H. TexlIIIKa H3rOTOB.leHH51 MeTaJlJlII'leCKIIX
HaKOlle'lIl,!KoB CTpeJl.- Tp. CA PAHl'WH. Bbln. V. M., 1930.
fpaKoB, 1950.- rpaKo8 5. H. CKII<pCKlliI repaKJI.- KCHHMK. Bbln.
XXXIV. M.- JI., 1950.
fpaKoB, 1954.-rpaKoB E. H. KaMeHcKoe ropO.J.I\Ule lIa ):{lIenpe (MI1A.
N2 36). M., 1954.
fpaKoB, 1971.- rpaK08 5. H. CKII<pbI. M., 1971.
fpaliToBcKlliI, 1970.- rpaliToBcKUa 3. A. PaHHHH IICTOpll1l IIpaHcKllx
nJleMeli ilepeJl.lleii A31111. M., 1970.
fpaliToBcKIIH, 1975.- rpaliToBCKUa 3. A. 0 BOCTo'lHollpallcKllx nJleMe.
lIax KymalicKoro apeaJla.- IJ.ellTpaJlbliaH A3\!H B KywaliCKYIO 3noxy.
T. II. M., 1975.
143
fpaHTOBCKIIA, 1980.- .1lllcKyccnoHlibie np06J1eMbi OTeitccfBcHllol'1 cKIICI>O-
JlOrHII (KpyrJlblH CTOJl). BblcTynJlellHe 3. A. fpaIlToBcKoro.- HAA.
1980, N2 6.
rpMaXeBHCTaBII, 1980.- ApxeoJlorH'IecKlle naM!!THIIKII fpMaxeBHcTaBII.
T611J1I1CII, 1980 (Ha rpY3. 513.).
I'YMMeJlb, 1940.- rYMMeAb fl. H. ApxeoJlorH'IecKlle O'lepKII. 6aKY, 1940..
):{a BJlHa II lI.ll3e , 1977a.- l!aBAualiUa3e H. O. KpaTKlliI OT'leT 0 pa3BeJJ.0'l-
IIb1X paCKOfi!<ax 1975 r. B ceJle fOMapeTH.- ApxeoJlorH'IecKHe 3KC-
eJJ.HLlHH focYAapCTBelllloro My3e!! fpY3HII. Bbln. V. T6., 1977.
):{aBJlllaHII.ll3 , 19776.- l!aBAualiUa3e H. O. 0 lIeKoTopblX Heony6J1HKo-
BaHHblX MaTepllaJlaX palllleallTII'IIIOil 9nOXII H3 IOro-BocTo'lHoil fpy-
31111.- KCHA. Bbln. 151. M., H177.
):{aBYAoB, 1974.- l!aByaoB O. M. KYJlbTypa ):{arecTalla 3nOXH pallllero
>KeJle3a. MaXa'lKaJla, 1974.
):{aIlAaMaeB, 1977.- l!aliaaMaeB M. A. ):{allllble BaBIIJlOHCKHX AOKYMell-
TOB VI-V BB. AO II. 9. 0 caKax.- B):{H. 1977, N2 1.
)J.>KaBaXHWBIIJlII, ):{>KanapIIA3e, 1975.- OneT KBeMo KapTJlHiicKOil 9KC-
neA"Ll"" (1965-1971). ilo.ll peA. A. ):{>KaBaXIIWBHJlH II O. ):{>Ka-
napH.ll3e. T6., 1975 (Ha rpY3. !l3.).
):{>KanapIIJJ.3e, 1953.- l!:JfCanapUa3e O. M. 5poll30Bble Tonopbl 3anaAlloil
fpY3I1H.- CA. Bbln. XVIII. M., 1953.
):{>KanapHA3e, 1957.- l!:JfCanapUa3e O. M. ApxeoJlorH'Io:cKHe paCKonKII B
c. O>Kopa.- Tp. T611J1I1CCKOro roCYAapCTBelllloro YIIHBepCIITeTa.
T. 65. T6., 1957 (lla rpY3. !l3.).
):{>Ka<pap3aAe, 1947.- l!:JfCaljJap3aae H. M. PacKonKII lIa AnwepollcKoM
nOJlyocTpoBe.- H3B. Aaep6ailA>KallcKoro cpllJlllaJla AH CCCP. 1947,
N26. .
):{IICKYCcHoHlibie np06J1eMbI, 1980.- ):{lIcKyccllolIHble np06J1eMbi OTe'leCT-
BellHoil CKIIcpOJlOrHII (KpyrJlblil CTOJl).- HAA. 1980, M 5, 6.
):{b!!KOIIOB, 1956.- l!bRKOltOB H. M. HCTOpll51 MHJJ.IIII. M.- .rI., 1956.
):{MIKOHOB, 1968.- l!bRKOIiOB H. M. ilpeJJ.blcTopll51 apM51HcKoro lIapoAa.
Ep., 1968.
):{b!!KOIIOB, 1981.- l!bRKOIiOB H. M. K MeTOJJ.IIKe IIcc. eJJ.oBaHHH no 9T-
HII'IeCKoil IICTOpll1l (<<KIIMMepHilLlbl:O).- 3TIIII'IeCKHe np06.1eMbi IICTO-
PIIH IJ.ellTpaJlbllOil A311H B ApeBHocTII. M., 1981.
EropoB, 1955.- EZOpOB M. H. MOrHJlbHIIK CKHcpcKoro BpeMeHII 6J1113 1'0-
pOAa MHHepaJlbllbie BOAbI.- KCHHMK. Bbln. 58. M, 1955.
EpeM!!H, 1966.- EpeMRIi C. T. a1to3p1J'la( ilTOJleMeH B CB513H C IICTO-
plleil CKllcpcKoro LlapcTBa npHKacnlliicKoro n06epeiKb51.- BonpocbI
IICTOpll1l HapoJJ.oB KaBKa3a. T6., 1966.
EpeM!!II, 1968.- EpeMRIi C. T. HawecTBHe KHMMeplliilleB H CKIIcpCKIIX
nJleMeli II 60pb6a YpapTY H Accllpllll npoTHB KO'leBIIHKOB.- H<l>)K.
1968, N2 2 (Ha apM. 1\3.].
Eca!!II, 1964.- EcaRIi C. A. 5poH30Bble 6paCJleTbi focY.'lapCTBellHoro
My3e!! IICTOpll1l ApMeIlHII.- H3B. AH ApMCCP. 1964, N2 2.
Eca51H, 1966.- EcaRIi C. A. OpY>Klle II BoeHlloe JJ.eJlo .1J.pCBHeii ApMeIlHH.
Ep., 1966. .
ECa!!H, 1969.- EcaRIi C. A. MOrllJlbHHK paliHeapMHllcKoro BpeMell1l B
nOCeJlKe 6epJJ. WaMwaJJ.HllcKoro paiioHa.- H<I:»I<:. 1969, N2 4.
Eca51H, 1972.- EcaRIi C. k KaTaJlor apXeOJlOrH'IeCKHX npe.J.\leTOB My-
3e51 HCTOpHH ropoJJ.a EpeBaHa. Rbln. III. Ep., 1972
Eca51H, 1976.- ECaRH. C. A. ):{peBH51H KYJlbTypa nJleMCH Cesepo-BocTo'l-
1I0A ApMeHHH. Ep., 1976.
Eca51l1, £aJlaHTap5lH, 1976.- EcaRIi C., KaAaliTapflH A. n03_,lIeypapT-
cKOe' norpe6eHlle OwaKalicKoro Morll.1bHHKa.- H<I:>/K. 1976, N2 3.
Eca51l1, OraHec51H, 1969.- EcaRIi C. A., OzaliecRIi r. .7. KaTaJlor ap-
144,
xeOJlOrH'ICCKHX npeAMeToB ):{HJlII>KaHCKOro KpaeBeA'IeCKOrO MY3e!!.
. Ep., 1969.
. Eca!!II, norpe60Ba, 1978.- EcaRIi C., n02pe6oBa M. HOBble HaXOJJ.KH
KOJlbLleBIIAllbiX np!!>KeK B ApMeIlHII.- BecTHHK 06w:eCTBellHblx lIaYK
AH ApMCCP. 1978, N2 11.
ECa!!H, ilorpe60Ba, 1980.- EcaRIi C., nozpe6oBa M. ilaJlO'lKII-3aCTe>K-
KH B 3aKaBKa3CKHX II CKH<pCKIIX naM51TIIHKax.- BeCTHIIK 06w:ecT-
BeHllbiX HaYK AH ApMCCP. 1980, N2 1.
ECa!!H, ilorpe60Ba, 1981.- Ec..aRIi c., flo2pe6oBa M. CKII<pcKHe Me'lll
II KIIH>KaJlbl, 06l1apY>KeHllbie B 3aKaBKa3be.- BecTIIIIK 06w:ecTBeH-
IIblX HaYK AH ApMCCP. 1981, N2 9 (lia apM. !!3.).
I1BaHoBcKlliI, 1911.-HBalioBcKuu A. A. ilo 3aKaBKa3blO.-MA.K. T. VI.
M., 1911.
Heccell 1935.- Hecceli A. A. K Bonpocy 0 JJ.peBHeilweil MeTaJlJlyprHII
MeAII lIa KaBKa3e.- H3B. f AHMK. Bbln. 120. M.- JI., 1935.
Heccell, 1953.-HecceH. A. A. K Bonpocy 0 naMflTIIIIKax VIII-VII BB.
AO II. 3. lIa lOre EBponeilcKoil '1aCTII CCCP.- CA. Bbln. XVIII. M.,
1953.
Heccell 1954a.- Hecceli A. A. HeKoTopble naM51TIIIIKII VIII-VII BB.
AO'II. 9. Ha CeBepllOM KaBKa3e.- BCCA. M., 1954.
Heccell, 19546.- Hecceli A. A. PaCKonKH KypralioB lIa ):{OHY.-
KCHHMK. Bbln. 53. M., 1954.
Heccell 1965.- Hecceli A. A. H3 IIcTopH4ecKoro npowJloro MIIJlbCKO-
Ka'pa6axcKoii CTenll.- Tp. A3ep6aii.1J.>KaIiCKOii apxeoJloru'IecKoil 9KC-
neJJ.HII.IIH. T. 2 (MHA. N2 125). M., 1965. .
HJlbHIICKa!!, 1961.-IAAilicbKa B. A. CKi<pCbKi COKUpH.- ApxeoJlorl!!.
Blln. XII. KlliB, 1961.
HJlbIlIlCKa!!, 1965.- HAbulicKaR B. A. HeKoTopble MOTHBbI pallllecKllcp-
CKOro 3Beplllloro CTIIJI!!.- CA. 1965, M 1.
HJlbIlIlCKa!!, 1968.- H AbUIiCKaR . B. A. CKH<pbI AHeripoBCKoro JlecOCTen-
HOro JleB06epe>Kb51. KlleB, 1968.
HJlbIlHCKa!!, 1975.- HAbulicKaR A. A. PaHHecKH<pcKHe Kyprallbl 6acceil-
lIa p. T!!CMIIH (VII-VI BB. AO H. 3.). KHeB, 1975.
HJlbIlIlCKa!! 1976.- HAbulicKaR B. A. COBpeMeHlloe COCTO!!lIlIe np06J1e-
Mbi C lIcpcKoro 3BepllHoro CTHJl51.- CKH<j>0-CII6I1PCKlliI 3BepllHbiil
CTIIJlb B IICKyccTBe lIapoAoB EBpa3HH. M., 1976.
HJlbIlHCKa!!, M030JleBcKlli'l, TepeHO>KKHH, 1980.- HAbulicKaR B. k, Mo-
30AeBCKUU D. H., TepeIiO:JfCKUIi A. H. Kyprallbl VI B. AO II. 3. Y
c. MaTycOB.- CKH<j>H51 H KaBKa3. KHeB, 1980.
HJlbIlIlCKa!!, TepeHO>KKHII, 1983.- HAbulicKaR B. A., TepeIiO:JfCKUN. A. H.
CKIIcpH51 VII-IV BB. .1J.0 H. 3. KHeB, 1983.
HOlle, 1946. HOIf£ r. H. HeKoTopble JJ.aHHble K Bonpocy 0 AaTHpoBKe
rpYIiToBbiX norpe6eIlHii.- )].AH A3CCP. T. II, N2 3. 5aKY, 1946.
HOlle, 1953.- HOlie r. H. MHllre'laypcKa51 pa3110BII.1J.HOCTb lIaKOlle 1 lllHKOB
CTpeJl «CKHcpCKoro:o THna.- MKA. RbIn. III. 6aKY, 1953.
HCpaeJl51H, 1971.- HcpaeARIi M. A. HCTOpH51 ropo.J.a-KpenocTH 3pe6YIIH.
Ep., 1971 (Ha apM. 513.).
Ka311eB, 194 f- Ka3ueB C. M. Apxeo.l0rWleCKHe paCKonKII B MHHre'la-
ype.- MKA. Bbln. I. 6aKY, 1949.
Ka311eB, 1951.- Ka3ueB C. M. KpaTKoe coo61ueHHe 06 apxeOJlOrH'IeCKHX
paCKonKax B MIIHre4aype.- H3B. AH Ap .ICCP. 06w:eCTBeHllbie
HaYKH. 1951, N2 I.
KaJlallJJ.aJJ.3e, 1954.- Ka.1allaaa3e A. Ii. Apxeo.1orll4ecKlle naM51THIIKII
CYXyMCKOii ropbl. CYXYMII, 1954.
KanaHII.51I1, 1947.- Kanali4RIi r. Xallaca - Ko.1b16e,lb. apM51H. Ep., 1947.
10 3aK. ..
W
KanOlllHHa, .1956.- KanomuH.a C. H. 0 CKH<pCKIIX 9J1eMeHTax B KYJlbTY-
pe OJlbBIIH.- MHA. N2 50; M., 1956.
KapaneT51I1, 1979.- KapaneTRH. H. PacKonKH B Kap'laxnlOpe.- AO 1978.
M., 1979.
KawKaH, CeJlIIMXallOB, 1973.- KatuKau M. M., CeAUMxaliOB H. P. H3
HCTOpll1l .llpeBlieil MeTaJlJlyprll1l KaBKa3a. 6aKY, 1973.
K06all.ll3e, 1978.- Ko6auo3e JI. H. ApxeoJlorH'IecKlle naM51THHKH Hop-
CKoro yll\eJlb51. 11. MOrHJlbHIIK PKHHIIC KaJlo. T6., 1978 (Ba rpY3. 513.).
KOBaJleBCKa51, 1975.- KOBaAeBCKaR B. D. CKII<pbl, MU.llIl51, I1paH BO
B3aHMOOTliowellll51X C 3aKaBKa3beM no .llallHblM JIeoHTH MpOBeJlH.-
MaLllle. Cepll51 IICTOpllll, apXeOJlOrHH, 9THorpa<pHH II HCTOpHH HCKYC-
CTBa. 1975, N2 3.
KOBnallellKO, 1981.- KOBnaH.eH.KO r. T. KypraHbl paHHecKH<pcKoro Bpe-
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K03eHKoBa, 1977.- K03eH.KOBa B. H. K06aHcKall KYJlbTypa. BocTo'lHbliI
BapllallT (CAR 'Bbln. B 2-5). M., 1977.
KOTOBII'I, 1982.- KOTOBU'l B. r. ilpo6JIeMbi KYJlbTypHO-HCTOpH'IeCKOrO H
X0351iiCTBeHIIoro pa3BHTHII lIaCeJlellll51 .ZI.peBHero ):{arecTaHa. M.,
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KpynlloB, 1940a.- KpynH.OB E. H. fJlHII51Hall rOJlOBKa «cKH<pa H3 3a-
KaBKa3b51.- B):{li. 1940, N2 3-4.
KpynlloB, 19406.- KpynH.OB E. H. Ka51KeHTcKHA MOrHJlbHIIK - naM51THHK
.llpeBlieH AJl6aIlIlH.- Tp. fHM. Bbln. XI. M., 1940.
KpynlloB, 1952.- KpynH.OB E. H. )KeMTaJlHHCKHiI KJla.ll. M., 1952.
KpynlloB, 1954.- KpynH.OB E. H. 0 nOXO.llax CKH<pOB '1epe3 KaBKa3.-
BCCA. M., 1954.
KpynlloB, 1960.- KpynH.OB E. H. ):{peBH5111 IICTOpHII CeBepHoro KaBKa3a.
M.,1960.
Kcello<j>oHT, 1951.- KceH.oljJOH.T. AHa6a3l1c. M., 1951.
KY<PTfIll, 1941.- KycpTUH. D. A. ApxeoJlor '1ecKHe pacKonKH B TpHaJleTH.
T6., 1941.
Ky<pTHII, 1943.- KycpTUH. D. A. YpapTcKHA «KOJlYM6apHH:t y nO.Zl.OlllBbI
ApapaTa II Kypo-apaKcKHiI 3HeOJlIIT. T6., 1943.
KY<PTHH, 1949.- KycpTUH. D. A. ApxeOJlorH'IecKall MapwpYTlla51 9Kcne.llH-
LlH51 B IOro-OceTHIO H I1MepeTHIO. T6., 1949.
KYlllHapeBa, 1957.- KymnapeBa K. X. HeKoTopble naM51THIIKH 3nOXII
n03.lllleH 6pOH3b1 B HaropHoM Kapa6axe.- CA. Bbln. XXVII. M.,
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JIecKoB, 1971.- JIecKoB A. M. ilpe.1\CKH<pcKHiI nepHO.ll B CTen51X CeBep-
Horo ilpll'lepHOMOpb51.- ilp06J1eMbi CKII<pCKOil apxeoJlorll1l (MHA.
N2 177). M., 1971.
JIecKOB, 1981.- JIecKoB A. M. KypraHbI: HaXO.llKII, np06J1eMbi. JI., 1981.
JIII6cpOB, 1965.- JIu6epoB n. 11.. ilaM51THIIKII CKII<pcKoro BpeMellH lIa
Cpe.1\lIeM ):{OHY (CAR Bbln. ):{ '1-31). M., 1965.
JIoMTaTII.ll3e, 1955.- JIoMTaTuo3e r. A. Ba>KHeillllHe pe3yJlbTaTbl apxeo.
. OrIl'ICCKHX paCKonOK B PycTaBII.- MaTepllaJlbl no apxeoJlol'fm
fpY3HH II KaBKa3a. T. I. T6., 1955 (ml rpy3. 513.).
nYKIIII. 1941.- JIYKUH. A. JI. ApXeOJlOrll51 63b16cKOil A6xa31111.- Tp. OT-
.1\e. a IICTOpHH nepBo6b1TIIOii KyJlbTypbl focY.llapCTBeHlloro 3pMIITa-
)ha. T. I. JI., 1941.
nYKOHIlH. 1977.- J/YKOIiUIi B. r. HCKYCCTBO .llpeBHero HpaHa. M., 1977.
]\\aKa. aTH51, 1949.- MaKaAaTufl C. H. Pac¥nKII )].BalicKoro MOI'IWb-
HIIKa.- CA. Bbln. XI. M., 1949. ,.1
"\aKCII\10Ba, 1954.- MaKcuMoBa M. H. Cepe!Jll51HOe 3epKaJlO 113 Ke. ep'
i(,C;L- CA. Bbln. XXI. M., 1954.
]\\J\1JII1IIBII.1H, 1980.- MaMaliUlBuAu H. CPo norpe6ellH51 co «CKHq>CKH\1»
146
nltBeltTapeM H3 Hopo-A.na!laItCKOrO 6acceAHa.- Tp. KaXetcKoii ap-
XeOJl01WleCKOll 3KCIIC.llIILlHII. T. IV. T6., 1980 (Ha rpY3. 513.).
MaHaH.J.51H, 1944.- Malialioflli H. A. 0 HeKoTopblX np06J1eMaX IICTOpll1l
.llpe8l1eH ApMeHIIII II 3aKaBKa3bH. Ep., 1944.
Mapp, 1935.- Mapp H. H. H36paHHble pa60Tbi. T. V. _1., 1935.
MapTf!pOC51H, 1954.- MapTupocRIi A. A. PacKonKII B fOJlOBIIHO. Ep.,
1954.
MapTHpOC51H, 1956.- MapTUpOCRH. A. A. PacKonKH B KHpoBaKalie II lIe-
KOTopble naM51TIIHKII paHlleypapTcKoro nepMO.lla.- H3B. AH ApMCCP.
061l\ecTBellllbie lIa yKII. 1956, N2 9.
MapTHpOC51I1, 1961.- MapTupocRIi A. A. fopo.ll Teilllle6allllll. Ep., 1961.
MapTHpOC51I1, 1964.- MapTUpOCRH. A. A. ApMeHII51 B 9noxy 6pOH3bl H
paHHero >KeJle3a. Ep., 1964.
MapTllpoc51H, 1974.- MapTUpOCRH. A. A. AprHlllTHXIIHIIJlII. Ep., 1974.
Me.llBe.llCKa51, 1980.- MeoBeocKaR H. H. MeTaJlJlH'IeCKlle lIaKOHe'lHIIKH
CTpeJl ilepe.llHerO BocToKa II eBpa3HAcKHX CTeneil 11 - nepBoli nOJlO'
BHllbi 1 TblC51'1eJleTII51 .llO H. 9.- CA. 1980, N2 4.
MeJlHKIIWBIIJlH, 1959.- MeAUKumBUAU r. A. K HCTOpll1l .llpeBlleii fpy3HH.
T6., 1959.
MeJlIOKOBa, 1964.- MeAIOKOBa A. H. BooPY>KeHHe CKII<pOB (CAli. Bbln.
):{ 1-4). M., 1964.
Mell\aHIIHOB, 1937.- MeU{aliUH.OB H. H. BocTo'lHoe 3aKaBKa3be BpeMeli
XaJl.llCKIIX 3aBoeBaHIIH.- B):{H. 1937, N2 I.
MHKeJla.ll3e, 1969.- MUKeAao3e T. K. HCCJle.llOBaHH51 no IICTOpHII .llpeB-
lIeiilllero HaCeJlellll51 KOJlXII.llbl II 101'0- BocTo'lHoro ilpIl4eplioMopb51.
(XV-IV BB. .llO H. 3.). ABTope<p. .llOKT. .llIlC. T6., 1969.
MIIKeJla.ll3e, 1978.- MUKeAao3e T. K. ApxeoJlorH'IecKlle IICCJle.llOBallll51 B
111130Bb51X peKII PIIOHH (MaTepllaJlbl K HCTOpll1l .llpeBliero <!Jacllca).
T6., 1978.
MIIKeJlaA3e, 6apaMH.1\3e, 1977.- MUKeAao3e T. K, DapaJolU03e M. B.
KOJIXCKllii MOrHJlbHIIK VII-VI BB. .llO II. 9. B C. HllrB3HaHH.- KCHA.
Bbln. 151. M., 1977.
MHaLlaKaH51H, THpaLl51H, 1961.- Mliat{aKaliRIi A. 0., Tupal{f11i r. A. Ho-
Bbie .llallHble 0 MaTepllaJlbHOA KyJlbType .llpeBHeii ApMeIlHII.- H3B.
AH ApMCCP. 061l\eCTBeHllble HaYKII. 1961, N2 8.
MOlllKoBa, 1960.- MomKoBa M. r. PaHHecapMaTcKHe 6poll30Bble np51>K-
KII.- MHA. N2 78. M., 1960.
MYP3HH, 19t8.- MYP3ili B. /0. CKi<pH Ha niBHi'lIiOMY KaBKa3i.- Apxeo-
JlOri51. Blln. 27, KlliB, 1978.
MycXeJlHlllBIIJlH, 1978.- MycxeAumBuAu 11.. JI. ApxeOJlOI'fi'ICCKII!! MaTe-
pHaJl nOCeJleIlH51 XOBJleropa. T6., 1978 [Ha rpY3. 513.].
HapllMalloB, 1957.- HapuMaH.oB H. r. HeKoTopble .llaHHble 0 .1\peBlieM
nOCeJlellHH B oKpecTllocT51X r. Ka3axa.- KCI1A. Bbln. 70. M., 1957.
ilaHLlxaBa, 1975.- IlaH./{xaBa JI. H. K HCTOpll1l xy.llO>KeCTBeHHoro pe-
MeCJla KO. XH.llCKOH II K06allcKoH KYJlbTYp. ABTope<p. Kall;!. ;!HC. T6.,
1975.
ilaTKaHoB, 1877.- IlaTKalioB K. n. ApMHHcKa51 reorpa<pH51 VII B. Cil6.,
1877.
ileTpellKo, 1967.- IleTpeH.Ko B. r. ilpaB06epe>Kbe Cpe;!Hero ITpH.lllle.
npoBb51 B V-Ill BB. .llO H. 9. (CAH. Bbln. )].1-4). J','L, J967.
ileTpellKo, 1978.- IleTpeH.KO B. r. YKpallleHH51 CKH<pHH VII-III BB.
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ileTpellKo, 1983. IleTpeliKo B. r. CKH<pcKa51 KYJlbTypa H3 CCBCpHOM
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ilHOTP08CKH!I, 1944.- IluoTpoBcKuu D. D. HCTOpH51 II Ky.1LTypa Ypap-
TY. Ep., 1944.
10*
147
nHOTpOBCKlliI, t 949a.- nUOTpOBCICUIi. E. S. ApxeoJlornSl 3aK3BKaSbSl. n.,
1949.
nHOTpOBCKHH, 19496.- nUOTpOBCKUU S. S. CKmpbl B 3aKaBKa3be.-
Y'I. 3anHCKH JIfY, cepHH HCTOpH'IeCKHX HaYK. Bbln. 13. JI., 1949.
ilHOTPOBCKHii, 1950.- nUOTpOBCKUU S. S. KapMHp-6J1YP. Bbln. I. Ep.,
1950.
ilHOipOBCKHii, 1953.- nUOTpOBCKUU S. S. KapMHp-6nyp. Bbln. III. Ep.,
1953. .
ilHOipOBCKHiI, 1954.- nUOTpOBCICUU S. s. CKH<pbI H .llpeBIiHii BocToK.-
CA. Bbln. XIX. M., 1954.
nHOTpOBCKHii, 1959a.- nUOTpOBCKUU S. S. BaHcKoe LlapcTBo. M., 1959.
ilHOTpOBCKHii, 19596.- nUOTpOBCKUU S. S. fopo.ll 60ra TeHme6b1.- CA.
1959, N2 2.
ilHOTPOBCKHii, 1970.- nUOTpOBCKUU S. S. K3pMHP-6J1YP. JI., 19Z0.
ilHOTPOBCKHii, 1978.- nUOTpQBCKUU S. s. CKH<pbI H YpapTY. II Me>K;J.Y-
lIapo;l.lIb1ii CHMn03HYM no apMSlHcKOMY HCKYCCTBY. Ep., 1978.
ilHOTPOBCKHii, l1ecceH, 1940.- nUOTpOBCICUU S. S., HecceH. A. A. Mos-
.llOKCKHii MOrHJlbHHK. JI., 1940.
ilHpLlXaJlaBa, 1975.- nupqxaAaBa M. C. ilaM51TIIHKH CKH<pCKOil apxaHKH
(VII- VI BB. .llO H. 3.) Ha TeppHTopHH .llpeBHeii fpY3HH. ABTope<p.
KallJ].. .llHC. T6., 1975.
ilHPLlXaJlaBa, 1978.- nUpl{XaAaBa M. C. K Bonpocy 0 pacnpocTpaliellHH
naM51T1IHKOB CKHq>CKOii KYJlbTypbl B MaTepHaJlbHOii KYJlbType .llpeB-
fIeii fpy3HH.- BonpocbI apXeOJlOrHH rpY3HH. T6., 1978 (lia
. .). .
ilHLlXCJlaypH, 1973.- nUl{xeAaypu K. H. OClloBHble np06J1CMbI HCTOpHH
nJleMeli BOCTO'llloii fpY3HH B XV--NII BB. .llO II. 9. T6.,. 1973 (lia
rpY3. 513.).
ilHLlXeJlaYPH, 1979.- nUl{xeAaypu K. H. BOCTO'lH!lSI fpy3H51 B KOIiLle
6pOll30BOro BeKa. T6., 1979.
ilorpe60Ba M. H., 1969.- nozpe6oBa M. H. )KeJle3Hble Tonopbl CKH<p-
CKoro Tllna B 3aKaBKa3be.- CA. 1969, N2 2.
ilorpe60Ba M. H., 1981.- nozpe6oBa M. H. ilaMSlTIIHKH CKH<PCKOii KYJlb-
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ilorpe60Ba M. H., 1984.- nOzpe6oBa M. H. 3aKaBKa3bc Hero CB513H C
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ilorpe60Ba H. H., 1948.- nozpe6oBa H. H. fpH<pOH B HCKyccTBe CeBep-
1I0ro npH'IepIiOMOpb51 B 3noxy apxaHKH.- KCl1l1i\'\K. Bbln. XXII.
M., 1948.
ilpyweBchaH, 1917.- n pymeBcKaR E. O. PO.llOCCKa51 Ba3a H 6p01l30Bble
BeWII 113 MOrHJlbI lIa TaMaliCKOM nOJlYOCTpOBe.- 113BecTHSI Apxeo-
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POCToBLleB, 1914.- POCTOBl{eB M. H. BopOlle>KCKHH cepe6p51l1b1ii cocY)l.-
MaTCpllaJlbl no apxeOJlOrHH POCCHH. N2 34. ilr., 1914.
POCTOBueiJ. 1918.- POCTOBWB M. H. 3J1J1HHCTBO H HpanCTBO ua lOre
POCCIIII. ilr., 1918.
PocTOBueB, 1925.- PocToBqeB M. H. CKH<pHSI H Bocnop. JI., 1925.
PY,lCHKO. 1960.- PyoeliKo C. H. KYJlbTypa lIaCeJlellll51 UeliTpaJlbliOrO
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CMHpIlOB, 1961.- C/oIUpliOB K. CPo BooPY>KeliHe caBpoMaToB (MI1A.
N2 ;01) M.,1961.
Ta.llMOp. .1962.- Tao/olop X. TpH nOCJle.llllHe .lleC51TIIJleTH51 ACCHpHH.- Tp.
XX Me>K.llYllapo.lllloro KOllrpecca BOCTOKOBe.llOB. T. L M., 1962.
TepeHoihKI!I!, 1971.- Tepelio:J/CKuli A. H. CKH<pcKa51 KYJlbTypa.- ilpo6.1e-
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148
TrpCIIO)/{I(HII, 1976.- TepeH.OXICUIi A. H. KHMMepHiil(bI. KlleB, 1976.
Tep'eIlO>KIUlII, 1982.- T epelW:J/CKuli A. 11. 5lrOpJlblLlKHH KOTeJl.- CA. 1982,
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TexoB, 1960.- TexoB S. B. MorHJlbHHK 9nOXH n03.lllleii 6p01l3b1 B
C. TJlH.- CA. 1960, N2 1.
TexOB, 1963.-TexoB S. B. PacKonKH TJlHiicKOro MOI'HJlbIlHKa B 19611'.-
CA. 1963, N2 1.
TexoB, 1965.- TexoB S. B. ApxeoJlOI'H'IeCKHe pacKonKH 1962 r. B 101'0-
OCeTHH.- CA. 1965, N2 2. .
TexoB, 1966.- TexoB S. B. CKH<pcKHe 9neMeHTbI B MaTepHaJlbllOii KYJlb-
Type IOro-OceTHH.- BonpocbI HCTOpHH Hapo.llOB KaBKa3a. T6., 1966.
TexoB, 1971.- TexoB S. B. O'lepKH .llpeBlleii HCTOpHH \I apXCOJlOrHH
IOro-OceTHH. T6., 1971.
TexoB, 1976.- TexoB S. B. 0 HeKoTopblX npe.llMeTaX CKH<pcKoro 3BepH-
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xpe6Ta.- CKH<p0-CH6HPCKliii 3BepHliblii CTHJlb B HCKycCTBe lIapO.llOB
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TexoB, 198Oa.- TexoB S. B. CKH<pbI H UeHTpaJlbHblii KaBKa3 B VII-
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TexoB, 19806.- TexoB S. B. TJlHiicKHii MOrHJlbHHK (KoMnJleKCbI XVI-
X BB. .llO H. 9.). T6., 1980.
TexoB. 1977.- TexoB S. B. UeHTpaJlbliblil KaBKa3 B XVI-X BB. )(0 II. 3.
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THpaLl51H, 1972.-TupaI{RIi r. A. PacKonKH ApMaBHpa (1970).-BecTIIHK
061l\eCTBelillbix lIaYK AH ApMCCP-. 1972, N2 3.
THpaLl51I1, 1978.- TUpaI{RH. r. A. YpapTcKHii ApMaBHp.- KYJlbTypa Bo-
CTOKa. ):{peBllocTb \I paliHee Cpe.llHeBeKoBbe.' JI., 1978.
Tpanm, 1951.- Tpanm M. M. fPYHToBbie norpe6ellH51 C HIiBellTapeM
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Tpanw, 1954.- Tpanm M. M. HOBaSl apxeOJlOrH'IeCKa51 lIaxo_1Ka B
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Tpanw, 1955.- Tpanm M. M. HeKoTopble HTOI'H apxeOnOrH'IeCKOrO HC-
CJle.llOBaHHSI B CyXYMH B 1951-1953 1'1'.- CA. Bbln. XXIII. M.,
1955.
Tpanm, 1962.- Tpanm M. M. ilaM51TIIHKH KOJlXH.llCKOii H CKH<pCKO KYJlb-
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Tpanw, 1969.- Tpanm M. M; TpY.llbi. T. II. CyXYMH, 1969.
Tpanw, 1970.- Tpanm M. M. TpY.llbi. T. L CYXYMH, 1970.
TpcBep, 1959.- TpeBep K. B. O'lepKH no HCTOpHH H KyJlbTYpC' KaBKa3-
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YwaKoB, 1946.- YmaKoB n. H. K nOXO.llaM XaJl.llOB-ypapTllflllcB B 3a-
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XaJlHJlOB, 1971.- XaAUAOB JI.:J/C. A. ApxeoJlOrH'IeCKHe lIaXOJIK!! '<CKIlq>-
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XaH3a.ll51I1, 1979.- XaIi3aORH. 3. B. 3J1ap-):{apaIiH. Ep., 1979.
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. XO:.\>Kaw, TpYXTalioBa, OraHec51l1, 1979.- Xoo:J/Cam C. 11, T fiYXTQHU-
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tIepHcHKo, 1979.- tJeplieli/w E. B. nepClI.llCKlle aKllllaKIi II CKII!j>cKl{e
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UIaM6a, 1983.-11la!ol6a r. K. ilorpe6elllle VI B..110 H. 9. 6J1113 CYXyMH.-
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UIKYPKO, 1969.- ill KypKO A. H. 06 11306pa>Kellllll cBepllyBlIIerOC!! XHIl\-
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cnHCOK COKPAUJ.EHHA
ABHY - ):{bIlKOIiOB Ii. M. Acc'!Po-BaBHJlOIICKlle IICTO'lHIIKII no
IICTOpHH YpapTY.- B,l],H. 1951, M 2, 3
AO- ApxeoJlOrH'IeCKlle OTKPblTH!!
ACf3- ApxeoJlOrH'IeCKlliI C60PIIHK foc. 3pMHTa>Ka .
BfMf - BecTIIIIK focYJl.apCTBellHoro MY3eH fpY3HH. T6.
BCCA - BonpocbI CKII!j>o-capMaTcKoli apXeOJlOrHII
.lI.AH A3CCP - ):{oKJla.llbi AKaJl.eMIIII HaYK A3CCP
H<l>)K -HCTOPIIKO-!j>IIJlOJlOrH'IeCKlliI >KypllaJl. Ep.
MAK - MaTepllaJlbl no apXeOJlOI'HH KaBKa3a
MHA - MaTepllaJlbl II IICCJIe.llOBallll!! no apXeOJlOrHH CCCP
MKA - MaTepllaJlbliaH KYJlbTypa A3ep6ail.ll>KaHa. 6aKy
HAA - HapoJl.bI A311H II A!j>pII KH. M.
OAK - OT'IeTbi ApxeoJlOrH'!ecKoli KOMHCCIIII. Cil6.
OCilAH- OT'IeTliall CeCCII!!, nOCBIIllI.ellllaH nOJleBbiM apxeOJlOrH'
qeCKIIM 113b1CKaHII!!M HHcTIITYTa IICTOp II II, apxeoJlo-
rlllI II 9Tllorpa!j>1I1I HM. H. A. ):{>KaBaXIiIUBHJlH
. AH fpY3CCP. KpaTKoe cO.llep>Kalille Jl.OKJlaJl.OB..T6.
Cary - CaMapKanJl.CKllii rocYJl.apcTBeHilblil YHIIBepcIITeT
CA PAHHOH - CeKLlH!! apxeoJlorHII POCCllitCKOH aCCOLlllaLllI1I naY'!Ho-
HCCJle.llOBaTeJlbCKHX HIICTIITYTOB 061l\eCTBeHHblx HaYK
AA - Artibus Asiae. Ascona
Aan - Acta antiqua. Budapest
AMI - Archeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran. Berlin
ESA - Eurasia Septentrionalis antiqua. Helsinki
EW - East and West. Rome
IA - Iranica antiqua. Leiden
RE - Pauly's Real Encyclopaedie der classisch n Alter.
turps Wissenschaft. Neue Bearbeitung. Stuttgart
VBGAEU - Verhandlungen der Berliner GeseJIschaft fur An.
thropologie, Ethnologie ul1d Urgeschichte. Berlin
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . .. 3
Chapter 1. Monuments of Scythian Culture in Trans-
Caucasus . . . 19
Chapter 2. Swords and Daggers 40
Chapter 3. Arrowheads . 53
Chapter 4. Iron A es .. 79
Chapter 5. Harnesses . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter 6. Items with Drawings in Scythian Animal
Style. . . 104
Chapter 7. Auxiliary Data 115
Conclusion . 131
Supplement . 139
Literature. 142
Abbreviations 151
OrJlABJlEHHE
BBe.lleHHe . . . . . . . . . . " 3
r AaBa I. ilaMSlTHHKH CKH<jJCKOA KYJlbTypbl B 3aKaB-
Ka3be . . . 19
r AaBa II. MetJH H KHH>KaJlbl. . 40
r AaBQ III. HaKOHetJHHKH CTpeJl 53
r AaBQ IV. )KeJIe3Hble Tonopbl . . . . 79
r AaBQ V. ilpe.llMeTl>l KOHCKoro y60pa . . . . 89
r AaBa V I. ilpe.lJ.MeTIJl C H306pa>KeHHSlMH B CKH<jJCKOM
3BepHHOM CTHJle. . . . . . 104
r AaBa VII. HeKoTopble .llOnOJlHWl'eJlbHble MaTepHaJlbl 115
3aKJlIOtJeHHe . 131
ilpHJlO>KeHHe . 139
JIHTepaTypa . 142
CI1HCOK COKpall\eHHH 151