Теги: magazine   magazine miniature wargames  

ISBN: 0266-3228

Год: 2002

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Текст 
                    80Ol Ehow
GElcnder


AUSTERLITT.
NAPOLEOM
WARGAME

B No. 1

AUSTERLITZ is the premier PBM
Napoleonic Wargame. An award winner
all over Europe, unparalleled realism
. and accurate modelling of Europe's
armies make this a Total
Wargaming Experience

!!

MAIN FEATURES OF THE GAME
O Two elegant battle systems realistically simulating
strategic and tactical warfare.
O Large scale three map action encompassing both
European and Colonial holdings.

\

O Active political and diplomatic system which encourages
grand alliance and evil treachery!

Mail (PBM) games are an exciting way to play your favourite games!
The mechanics are simple - a player sends a set of orders by post to TBA which
we moderate usine
using our detailed warsame
wargame rules. We then send back a complete
set of results and battle reports, allowing you to play an indepth wargame with
fifieen other people, withbut leaving
wins vour
your own
olrn home!! All vou need to olav is a
pen,
en. paper
oaoer and the rules. A thirst for conouest
conquest Ialso helps...

Play By

Post this completed slip to receive a FREE info pack

Name:

PHONEI\OW

Address:

Postcode:

01563 5259 52

Tel No:

TBA Games Ltd. PO Box 1812, Kilmarnock, UK KA.l IDF
htrp://w\ {.iconmarkering.co.uk/rbagam€s.htm

Ausrerlitz@diaLpipex.com

FORA FREE INFO PACK


MINIATURE

ANdBS

January 2OO2

CONTENTS

and back numbers
lexcept nos. |,2, 4-9,20,

Suite l0 Wessex House
St Leonard s Road
Bournemouth BH8 8QS

A Brief History of the Medieval Tournament

TeliAns, 01102 2q7 J41
Fa\: 01201 297 l,1t

nted in England

Editor, Publlsher

Adve isement Manager:
297 31,1

Carol Kovalewicz Tel 01115170647
E'mail i.dgEphrs(: bcL,memoulh 1el co

Admin- Managerr Della Dawson
Tel/Ans, 0 202 l,r7 3,1,1
Distiibutors:
UK Comag Nlaeaz ne NlarkerinS,
Tavistock Road, West Drayron
Middleser UB7 70E

2

Warfare at Reading!

5

ttooK a, t(ute l(evrews

8

Letters

lain Dickie Tel/Ans,0120:
Production Manager:

-

Reconnaissance Report

12

The Siege and Relief of Castle Sales 1639

16

The Bennington Raid

20

Seven Minutes to Glory

24

2002 Show Calendar

The wounded Knee Campaign, part

)]

Flying Hjgh

Prreme vuoIsntnq Lro.

46

Very Simple Sci-Fi

54

Point Blank

56

Frr

r.r

K

CONTRIBUTORS NOTES

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Cover picture:
l\ledieval tournament.
Figures from Steve Barber
Mode ls

Photography:

lViniaturc Wargames

J

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for publication. simply send an SAE marked'Mjniature wa.games
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anuaty 2OO2

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or http://wwwwargames.co.uk/MiniwargyMiniwargs.htm
e-nail: iaindickie@freeuk.coln

EDITORIAL
one of the things I enioy about this job is the way publishing
something relatively obscure can bring more inforrnation out of the
woodworl( So following another of Mick Nichols epics on a mid
1sth Cenrury batrl€, Kolin we have more details from someone
who has been there and walked the field; Phil Mackie no less. who
is the LJK contact for the Seven Years war Association which leads
me to another of those tricky questions. whv has the Seven Years
\!ar, the first truly global conflict, never attra(ed as much attention
as the Napoleonic \!ars?
N'\y own pet theory js the relatively lorv level of literacy
generated far fewer biographies.
Your theories on a cafd please...
By the time you read this, the enlarged jndices will have been
finished and I will have started gathering information for the next
project, due for release at Salute in Apri1. But. at the same time,
rvhilst lyin€ there in bed in the wee small hours, Ihave been
planning the project after that Ive picked the name and the logo,
but you will have lo wail.

lain Diclde

Photo by T Weaver

PAYMENT: Apply with

address above lett.
We can accept cheques
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cards and International
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Observations on Kolin
42

DK lli10. Kobenha!n

t37.00; Overseas surface
printed paper rate f42.00.
Airmaii f57.00.

remittance made payable tol

Mafia Air Power

Drlr,lldr/ri lodeLs and Hobby aps.
Frederiksborggade 2l

Subscliptions:
uK annual subscription rate

38

Australia,

Hor.sbyHeights NSW 2077
Tel {129:177 66so Australla
Fa\ 0l-0477'2604

for overseas.

30
3

The Miniature Wargames Starter Guide,
series 2, The Soviet Army 1944

Svdney Road

23,3t,32, 3), 36, 46, 5t,
80, 97,99, r0l, 9, t49,
167) - f1.60 each, €4. l0

t0

Your Page

Tel 0LEo5 144 055
Fa\ 0l8qt '113 (r02
A{!t/irlirr Essex \'liniaiure!

ll

lssue 224

Single Copy Orders:

P!blished on the third
Thursday of the rnonth by
Pireme Publishing Ltd,

P

rssN 0266-3228

All articles and illustrations
published in Miniature
Wargames are strictly copyright
and ma_! not be reproduced
without writlen permission
The Editor welcomes the
submission of editorial
material, which should be
accompanied by return
postage Though every care is
taken, the publisher cannot
accept responsibility for safe
keeping of all editorial

contributions.
o2001
Pireme Publish;ng Ltd

Typesetting, Design & Repro€raphics:
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Castleman \\iay, Castleman
Business Pa*, Ringwood.

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E-mall fordg.aphics(4bournemouth-

Printed by:
Broglia Press,


MEDIEVAL

Ihe

Duhe of Burgundu

$ rh?

Earl ol Oxfonl al the

'lilt. 2rno, Fig

res bg Sterc Bflr(ier Models, Pai'ltcd bV Stete

B^fber P{rot\graphA bg r. Weaver

A Brief History of the Medieval
Tournament
by S. Barber
Thc spo'1 of Jousting al Torrnamcft Nas i rst
documented in the middie ol the elevenrh
centur\' ll is be jeled to have been inventcd
by a noble named Codfrey de PreuiLlv iN

Fr;n.e Little is

known

;bout hirn exceDr thal

unforaunately he was kjlled in a Tour ndment fol
which he wrote the rLrlesl This irr!idont !rtr: re

cofded in a rhronic e irom tl.c

.bbe\ oi St

The Tournament basicai y was ar opporiu
ity ior knight< Io compete againsr €ach other
It conrpfised of several evcnt! designed to
shor the skillol the participan-r at horseman,<hip and uarfarc One event was the lo,r<f
whi.h comprised oftwo mounted knlghfs chirg,
ing torard cach oiher wlth lances The r;nces
were made from hrrd\!cod ancl ten feeL I
length. The ainl \!as ro unhorse _rouroppcnent
or to be the lir!t to break I lan.cs
n its earlie!t form the sporr r,ras brutat and
frequeftL)' ended in rhe derth oi ofc of the
p:rti..ipants This \\,as mrin ! due to r-he v.eap
ons being the same as thole used ir aalual
$arlare Latersafer! imprc\'ements\fefe nrfo,
n

duce.i Nhen biunted swordi were subst tutcd
and insread of sh;rp polnrs coronels we.c fit
The oopLrlarity of lhe ToLI nament eventually
spread all ncro-rs maifland Europe including
Br:i:ln -lhe early Tournamerts took placc on

lafge open fie ds. th.t roped il] fhe partici
pnnts Due lo the lafge area rhis made i!dglng
an.j ensrring Iair p ay difficult
D! flng the 2thand lltacent!riesieamsbc
came popular with one piece of documeflary
evlderce sho\in€ thal the Normafs and Eng
sh leamed up aqainsr the French This par
irculare\'ent took place n \'l.e_vards, fortjtied
mornds and cven though streets. The tournarnerl \!as not tust about honouf, but l1 \a! a
m.rne) nrakirg lenture as r:he $inners couid
hold the loscrs lo fanson, acceptjng ihejl
frorses.rnd afrnour as pa!ment
Touards lhe end of fhe I jth centur\', the
Innce of pea.e $,.s introdLrced t h s had a
coronel la Dlece of lron,rifh small points on it
a bit likc a.ro\,,'rt which a.tcd to di5prrse the
Io' ' 5 'npa t"rd l. -, r,l--.l'"r, o'.,

sefious woLnd being inflicted.
tsy rhe middle of Ihe l5th
.:entur thr most signiiicant
adiitlon was made Io the

sport, rhe Tilt Barfier Before

this decis on riders
uould clash knees

as

the,! speo past or at
\rorst coilide causing
ierible ini! ries to man
and horse alike This barrief ras initiall! just a
rope but becarne a lenae
as the century wore on
lsee pi.ture abovel The
original torm of jousrins

wlthout the barricr stlli
contlr u(]d a! an al!ernalrvc form oi thc sport

Specja ist armo u r
was also developcd

i;il"".I::::ii:,;ffi
(
brt
stronqer r
a so

lvliniature Wargames No. 224


MEDIR'AL

Phillipe de Ternant

in ateas
sucn as tne
certa

head and neck

because
point9 were
awarded for
h itting those
regio

n

s.

The

helm was large
and designed to
deflect blows as
much as possible,
DUMSIOn WaS pOOt
because of the narrow
opening necessitated for
safety reasons. Th ough,
even with all this safety, there was one notable inc'dent involving the renowned cerman
knight Ulrich von Lichtenstein, in which he hit
his opponent in the neck, puncturing the armour and piercing the mans throat. The force
from this flung the unfortunate knight from his
horse and left him dying on the ground.
Besides Jousting lhere were numerous other
events that made up the Tournament including The Melee where mounted knights fought
each other with swords, axes orwooden batons.
This event was also performed on foot and combalants could use swords, axes two handed
swords, as well as various types of poleaxe (see

picture below). The Tournament of the horse
designed to demonstrate the precise teamwork of the knight and his war horse. A highly
skilled knight could manoeuvre his welltrained
horse throu€h an intricate course without usvr'as

ing any visible signs oI cont.ol. Thjs skill was
vital for knights on lhe battlefield, and you can

still see this event in the form of the Olympic
sport of dressage today.

A diversion lrom the more conventional

but also the
problem of

The Duke of Bourbon

lhe sq u rres
and varlets
that accom'

events was a iudicial duel in which men who
had been accused ol rnurder lvould fight the
victims relatives to the death. The guilt or in'
nocence ofthe accused depended on who sur
vived. Archery contests were also held in open
space near towns or villages especially in England as it was considered good practice between wars and indeed \uas compulsory at one

through towns

stage.

kjlling a few civil-

Indeed the Tournament was very popular in
the l3th, l4th and l5th centuries with many beinq held earh year Lver], court worth itc call
wanted to hold one to flalrnt it s wealth to ifs
neighbours. But by the l6th century it s popularity across Europe be€an to wane until it finally disappeared as a recognisable spo.tin€
event in the early 17th century.
Despite the continual changes to armour,
barriers, horse protection and other safety additions, the Tournament remained dangerous
to end with Jousts with sharp points and no Tilt
Barrier still being held in Cermany in the early
l Tth century

Although the Tournament and especially
lousting were the most popular form of entertainment for several hundred years, it did attract criticism from the Church. Several times
the church tried without success to ban Tour_
naments. The main reason for this dislike was

that it antagonised relationships between

counlries who would otherwise be better fighting alongside each other on crusades in the
holy land. The church were not only rvorried
about all rheir best knights killin€ each other,

panied each
kn

ight.

seve

On

Ial occa-

sjon

s squrre9

had

ram

paged

ians and bu rn ing
down buildings. But
even in these religious

times most knights ig-

nored the church bans and even the threat of
not being given a proper burial. The glamour
and hon ou r that could be won at Tournaments
was too allurin€ for them.
ln the early years the Tournaments were
open to any class of knight, but as the centuries passed the cost of these events became
prohibitive to all but the very richest knights,
princes and kings. This was due not only to the
increasingly flamboyant armour and costume,
but also to the .ansoming of knjghts and other
forms of foul play.
ln fact the desire to compete was so strong
that many re-mort€aged their estates and sold
everything they possessed, bankrupting some
in the process.
Today lousting in it s original form does not
exist but enthusiasts do still re-enact some ol
the evenls. The danger and blood thirgty elements are no longer present but it is still highly
entertaining.

Create your own H€raldry
Besides the examples of real knights
shown above, and the widely available
reference books on medieval heraldry,
why not try making your own. Todothis
yor.r

will need I sir sided dice and

I

twenty sided dice. Use the tables on the
following page to generate the pattern ot
the shield, it's colours and any devices
that may be on it.
once you have decided on the coat of
arms for your fictional knight then he will
need a name, such as Adolf of cleeves,
Phillipe of Cascony or Bernard the Bastard of Aniou.

25mm Figures bg steve Barbet Modek, pai ted bA Stew EarbeL PhotographV

llliniature Wargames Januaty 2OO2

6A

T

we|lel


MEDIEVAL

Roll

Shield

w
w
IT
s/

Roll

Description

2 Partitions Vertical
2 Colours

I

w
w

Device Centred

0 Partitions Vertical

I

Colour

I

Device Centred

v

2 Partitions Horizontal

2 Colours
3 ldentical Devices in lower

partition

to roll for rs mlny colours

as

rr€ required foryour shield design.

and se€ belo\n':

I

3
4

Red
YelIow

Description

Shield

2 Partitions divided by a wide
band
2 Colours Q backgtound + l Band)
2 Devices
2 Partitions divided by a wide

chevron
2 Colours Q backgtou,rd + I chelron)
0 Devices
2 Partitions in quarters

2 Colours
2 Device (I bp

Ifi

left +

I

Botton right)

a

5
6

Green
Blue (azure)

White
Black

Devic€s should be in an appropriately contrasting colour, such as black on yellow or white on btue. Choos€ which suits the device and
the colours of your knights shield. Roll 1d20, and see below:

1 Stags Head

2 Bear

Y
6 Fleur De Lys

3 Unicorn

t^ffi?
-.J
/IAY)
vrt/
*7/
7 Sun

6$

8 Eagle

9 Star

10 Swan

( \s)
t/-l\

r

i>-r--/

III'T

-

|

tt,

,\
12

Axe

13

Dolphin

f-=

VI
t/
Boar

s?

U

ur|[

$@
%v

5 Hound

/r

rt.

A

16

4 Cross

17 Crown

18 Crescent Moon

14 Raven

b
19

Lion

WW
4!/
N).1F/
w

15 Casfle

nl-ll

@
20 Flower

$

lvliniature Walgames No. 224


Warfare at
Reading
The Novembershow at the Rivermead Leisure Centre is looked forward to by traders and gamers alike for two very simple
reasons. For many gamers it is the last show

before Christmas and therefore the last
opportunity to arrange the right Christmas
present.
For the traders, well for many of them
anyway, it is the Iast show of the year and
heralds perhaps as many as eight succesMovet Mortin Haahett's ege @khi g dark age s.efiado,

pleasing to see a healthy smatterjng, (is
that the right collective noun for young
gamers?l of youngsters there. I would
guess about I0% oI the attendants were
16, a good sign indeed.
would be invidious to highlight particular traders when by so doing I would have

under
It

to leave out the others. Suffice to say a
goodly number were present offering the
old, the new, the usefuland the downright
silly. By all accounts business was satisfactory on both sides of the counter.
So, now it's over for another year and
there is the possibility of changes afoot tor
a questionnaire was in circulation asking
opinions on following the existing pattern
or splitting the trade and competitions into
two shows. As they say; watch this space
for the news as it haDDens.

Abooe:7he

co

petitions were

i

teftse but

frie dlg.

sive weekends at home. A well deserved
rest.

The Warfare show combines the tradi-

tional fare of extensive competitions

in

several periods with a substantial bring
and buy, demo and participation games
and more trade stands than you can safely
shake a stick at. Allthis in a large airy loca-

tion with good food and drink on hand.
Amongst the demo games lohn Tuckey
fielded a huge, 25mm, Napoleoni€ game.
Participation games were more to the fore
with Martin Hackett entertaining players
with a dark age scenario (pictured) on a
beautifully sculptured l2 x 7 foot table. The
Society of Ancients and Pike an d Shot clu bs
were also on hand to explain, play and recruit. But, then aren't they always, those
guys ger everywnere.
The local club. The wargames Association of Reading, have a welldeserved reputation for friendliness and their stand was

well manned with members available to

explain and direct as required.
Minialure Wargames January 2002

lt

was

Aiotet Eager buVels a d willing sellers made eteryone happg.


:

25mm

All

Knights at Tournament

$Lg

models are supplied unpainted.

y.g

$3rlltl3"$Jt {l$.t}Sl,S
\
omrng soon
Joustinq rules

N

I(ATl Pavilion

KAT2 Tilt barier x 4

f,12.50

s10.00

Ii4.T3 Jousting Kright f.3.50
V iants which are supllied rardomly)

N

(Har llelm Crest

Hfr

KAT4 f 1.50
Foot Knight

vith

Poleaxe

czt t6.50 czz t6.50

Zulus
lilh Asseaa's x iJ
(unmaried

(unnunied Zuius
with Knobkenies x 7)

IC{T5 Royal Personality

Set

f6.50

25mm ZUIU Waf S

cz3

t6.50

(manied Zulus
wrth Asscsajs 1 7)

cz4

6 f6.50

k&

t 6.50

(maried Zulus

*uh Knobkeries x

KAT6 Ladies & Princesses x

7)

czs

,l
t-

r

Zulu Kings & Chiefs f,5.00
& Chiet)

(Shaka, Dingane, Cetshwayo

J-

cz6

t6.s0 cz1 *.6.50

uMbonambi
RegimenrxT

cz8

f6.s0

-d!"
cz9

ffiLJ

t 6.s0

ucibabanye

ReginrenrrT

'\dlondlo

I AVON PLACE, HAWKSLADE,
AYLESBURY,

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, HP2I 9LR.
ENCLAND.
TEL (0r296) 434059.
\,f

cBA2 f10.00
Kraal Fence x 4

eft aii sbarber-models@clara.co.uk
ebsite rr_r1w.sbarber-models.clara.net

We

Miniutules ap supplied Mpahte.l

Pavment Details
No Credit Cards are accepled ar the momenr.
Overseas customcm can pay by LM.O or a chcqxe
draxn on a U.K bank. nll in I Srerling and made oul
to Slele Ba.ber Models tNo Euroch€ques.)

Postage

& Packing

UK:EUROPE:-

=15% (min f2.50 /max {8.00)
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Rest ofthe world: =500i (rbinimum of16.00)
norc: po'Lpe :, rhdrg(J dr co.r so .hr.r.d rlere bc
any left ovcr this willbe credired 10 you.
Oxr Full) lllLrstrated Catalogue is available at t2.00
for UK Nstomen or 5 x Slamped LR.C s fbr oversea!
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ProduLr. d\arldble In rhc t .S.1 I|o.n R.l .8,p.!
4827 Treeview Termc€, Rockford,lL 61109
Tel -815-8?.1-5351 - ww$.rlbps.con

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The Latest addition to our

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(approx l00mm tall)

G23I Editor of the Games 96.50
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Kmal Gateway


Blitzkri"g France 2002
In my capacity as a Wargames Agony Aunt I often receive letters, emails and phone calls from overworked individuals who really do
need a break away from the everyday stresses and strains of modern
living. Here is an example...
Dear Auntie Kathie
I have heard of your fantastic Wargames events (Kursk 2000 and
D-Day 2001), and wish to take part in your new \i\,ryflI Mega-game. I
understand that for a mere f295 I will play in a great game, with
8,000+ Adler Infantry & GHQVehicle stands, 40 plus other players
and 700 sq. ft. of Purbeck Terrain. I also understand that my
transfers to and from Plpnouth to the event at it's new location in
Newquay are covered in the price, along with 3 meals a day and a
single room for the week.
I've heard that my options are:
a) Invade France with the Glorious Panzer Army
b) Defend La Belle France from those Damned Germans with the
French Ar-y
c) Defend the Freedom of Belgium with the BEF
Or in the worst case scenario:
d) Be Belgian
Please let me know if there are an:y places left for this Wargames
extravaganza.
Yours
Anxious.

Well 'Dear Anxious' we still have a few places left so 'phone me now
on 01752 257800, e-mail me at enquires@kathiescomics.co.uk, or
fi nd out more information at www.kathiescomics. co.uk/kwh.html
P.S.

We

will soon have some news on the Market Garden 2003 game

Miniature Wargames January 2002


MISCELLANEA

Book & Rule Reviews
Hitler's Skv Warriors German
Paratroops in Action 1939-1945
BA Chtistophet l\ilsbu, Spelhllounl Liniled,

tl

8.99

Like the Panzer divisions and the Stuka. the cerman paratrooperor fallschirmjager remains one of
the enduring symbols of Blitzkrieg. Whilst the classic images a.e those of 19.10 and l94l - Holland
Belgium, the Corinth Canaland above all, Crete German airborne forces continued to play key roles
in aclion right up to the end of the war, although
parachute and glider operations became few and
far betlveen.

This study examines the beginnings ol Cerman
airborne forces and the fight between the army and
the Luftwaffe for their control lThe Cerman para,
chute and glider operations ol t940 and t94 | undoubtedly benefited from the fact that lhe Luftwaffe
won this struggle, rvhich avoided many ofthe interservice disputes that bedevilled later Britrsn ano
[JS airborne operations.l However, throughout this
period. it only had a single weak operationat airborne division (7th Flieger Divisionl, although

backup could be provided by the armys 22nd
Luftland Division, $hich was an air,mobile infanrry
division intended ro reinforce the fallschirnriageras
soon as akstrips had been secured. From rne oeginning Cerman parachute and gliderattacks were
characterised by imaginative tactics - notably the
gliderassault on the Belgian fortress of Eben Emael
which achieved complete success by landing within
the forrificrtion s Th is so.t of spectacu lar victory had
massive propaganda value and spuffed the development of British and American airborne forces.
The story continues with the attack on Crete - a
fall(chirmiaee vi ory $on ar prol-:o.rive (o5L -

which ruled out future maior cerman ai.borne attacks. The fallschirmiager wefe to enhance their
reputation as formidable infantry forthe restolthe
war, but glider and parachute operations were
largely confined to Spec'a I Forces

o

perat ions, such

good. This is a sysrem thal I like and gives another
level to the game, also a reason to have your officers close (but not too close)to the battlefrontl
The firing is fairly straightforward, with each battalion having three or four points of fire, so you can
mass several battalions togelher with even an opportunity to fire during a move. But, as each rurn
represents l0 minutes, this is understandable.
Chasspot and Dreyse Needle rifles are included
as they have to be. alongwith the Bavarian Werder

rifle and the Milrailleuse machine gun. The
Prussians cannot fire at long fange with their rifles,
although the Werder and Chasspot can. With anil-

lery the diffe.ence
range and accuracy

ius!asnoticeable ast.aining
tell, and the Prussians have all
is

three, so you can suppress and cause casualties
before they get in range with those Chasspots
My only criticism so far, is on the number of morale tests to be taken, which seems rather a lot But,
on the whole. a very good set of rules and a must
for anybody who loves the period.
BB

The United States Army 1783-1811
latnes Ka.lliAn

6 DavidRkk a ,Aspreq2O0l,4apaqes,

€8.9S

The United States disbanded its continental army
afler the Re!olLrronary $ars ended and America
pondered the question of having a standing arn1y.

But. with the many years of lndian and Frontier
fighting that followed, eventually focused the Government's mind, and so it was decided to form a
modern fighting force to protect the fledgling Republic from inte.nal and external threats.
The author's detailed research is evident in this
work. which follows thetrialsand tribulations of arm,
ing, clothing and recruiting this new force and itwas
compieted not before time, as, by l8l L war with
Cteat Britain was becomingmore of a realitr.
As with all Osprey Men-at-Arms titles, there are
numerous black and white illustrations, the obliga-

astherescueof Mussoliniin 1943 andtheattempr

tory eight colour plates with descriptions, photo-

to capture Tito the following year

graphs of original weapons and uniforms, and a select bibliography of secondary works.
RR

This is an exceptionally well-illustrated and
highly readable study, which provides a good introduclion to the subject.
Dp

'1870' Franco Prussian

Rules

My first thought on these ruleswere alongthe lines
of "Oh ]res,anothersetof Fireand Furystylerules .

But, although they are designed for division and
corps levelgames. they are remarkably different
The rules are lvell-made and fairly well laid out
in a spring-backed book, with the nowalmost com-

pulsory stylish front cover and lots of pictures
throughout, along with examples of firing, charges
and moraie to help when the going gets tough and
the brain huftsl
The rules include thifteen scenarios and rors or
information on the weapons used and order ol

battle forthe armies.
To start, the stand ratio lsix figures for 6./1Omm
and three for lSmm forinfantry) represenrs between
200 lo 100 men, so each battalion is pfesent as the

smallest sized gaming unit, by a stand threestands
to a regiment, etc This single battalion can opeEte
jndependently, ifso deshed, so you still have sorne
control overindividuai units, butthe crux of the ru1es
seem !o revolve around command and controland
how good {or badl is your commander They work
down from the corps command to the lowest brj,
gade with a limited number oforderchits, depending on whetheryou are French or prussian, ano now
many divisions are in thatcommand Thedivisional
officers have an addjtional job of 'yelling at the brigade commander if he for whatevef reason. does
not carry out his instructions This is by adding both
command valuestogether if you pass all well and

English Medieval Knight 140G1500
Bg Christopher CnretL illuslfited bU Craha lu et.
O\preA Publislli g, W arrior \eriet #)5. t9 99
This is a very welcome offering from Osprey by
this popularteam ofwriterand illustrator Well laid
out, it follows a knight's passage from his earliest
trainin€, h;s arms and armour, organisation, battle
and chivalry even medicalcare, to his death and
burial. This is followed by a very useful two page
glossary. Christopher is an acknowledged expert
on arms armourand wa are ofthe medie\'alworld
The colour anwork is of course, of superb quality. Especially fine are the various types of armour
and weapons depicted Craham has a iustifiable
reputatjon in his field many black and white photographs complement this. As usual in works on this
subiect, some of the drawings from the lSth century Beauchamp Pageant make their appearance. Il
I have a criticism of Osprey, it is that they seem to
use a limited pool of photographs, rvhich gives a
sense ofsameness to their publications thatcover
this period and subiect. Of course it could be argued that I look at too many ofthem: The booNer,
however is a usefu l overuiew of this elite of English

Flintloque and Panzerfauste, and covers the fine
art of naval warfare (oa as rhe rules would have us

believe, the Age of Sayle), although, thankfully,
there are no pork pie hats or Dr N'lartens Boots in
sight. So what are they like?
The answer is, a whoie lot of fun. lmagine a set
of traditiordl nd'"al rule. wi'h ironc ads magic.
balloons and sea monsters thrown in, and you will
Cet the idea. The underlying philosophy is that
they should conform to the ten minute rule, i.e.
that a complete novice should be able to pick up
the rules and stafl playing in ten minutes or less.
ln th's they are supremely successful
Each turn runs on an impulse system. There are
5 impulses and ships will move a ceftain distance
in each impulse, depending on their speed (so a
.hip movine, al scm per lurn movec cm per impulsel. This does mean that larger games can be
qurre slo\L ro plat rhrougl^ and. n my erperien(e,
the tules do seem to work bestforgames with each
player controlling only a handful of ships. One as'

pecl of lhe movemelr.\srem is rdlher dnnoling
and that is the ability of !hips to sail into the wind,
but that s iust because I m a navalwargaming purist
and things like that bug me Mosrplayers won thave
a problem with this, and ii does make the rules a
lor .rmpler and easy ro play dnd. d: rhe designers
notes say, this is a naval wargame for people who
know nothing about the sea. Its also a factor that is
fairly simple to fix with some home-grown rules if
you are that wav inclined
cunnery is nicely handled. You must announce
an intention to fire at the be€inning ofa phase and
execute it at the end of a phase, so if you have

miscalculated where your ship will end up, your
broadside could be wasted.
Unlike previous Wessex Cames rules, this set
doesn't require a gfeat bucket ofdice, as each gunnery atlack uses only 2 d6, one forthe firer, one for
lhe target. The firer applies a series of modifiers.
subtracts the target s die roll, and if the result is
greater than 0 the score is the number ol hits inflicted. Dead easy and quite effectivel There is also
a nifty critical hit table to spice things up a bit.
Aswellas the core movement and €unnery rules,
there are also sections on boarding actions, towing, grounding and land fortifications, as rvell as
the strange things such as ma€ic lnot too powerlul
and doesn t upset the balance of the game, and
there is a nice touch that actively discourages its

usel, ironclads ltough, but less effe.tive in open
\|aters drd prone to mechanical a(crdents, b"]loons, boats (great for cutting out operations) and
sea monsters Inastylr.
The rules are written with l/1200 scale models in
mind, with movement and ranges \uorked out in
centimetres. However lve Iound that things seem
to work better by changing the scale to inches and
using the New Peter Pig Pieces of Eight model pi-

rate ships. The added advantage of using these
models is that you can use some of the old Man o
War models with

them andthey look in scale. Also

lhere isthe opportunity to do so much more in the
way of characterisation oI the models with the PP
ships (and they are easie. to build and more durable tooll. Or iust go the whole hog and use l\4an o
\\'ar models exclusively
In summary these are a very creditable set of
naval rules which asailing into the wind notwithstandingl, put some sets of quick play historical
rules in the shade a. lar ds (omprehen<r!ener5 is
concerned. Well worth a look if you are into things
of a briny persuasionl

medieval military history

Strange Tydes
BA Matlhew HarleA andSteve Bledse,
W.'sser
OH

t6.50 t+ 50p PEP).
Gdftes 4 AId !l.re Rostl,Whikrarcli. Bristol BS l4

N,

Strange Tydes is the logical next step in the alt-

Histofic series of wargames, pioneered by

nedewet€

- David Porter
- Baraie Brown
RR - Richard RarFome
DL - David Lanchester
DP
BB

DM -. David Manley

Miniature Wargames No, 224


MINIATURE WARGAMES
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Paul Speck
Ashgate. H,.B

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Staae, Armt and Societl in Byzantiun
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1746

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Mernoirs of Napoleon's Egwtian
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Miniature Walgames January 2002


MISCELLANEA

Letters

- Your Page

Growing the Hobby
Dear lain,
Ceorge Anderson (October issue) prices and
rates himsell too highl Like too many ostriches,
who sit around complaining about everyone and

everything to do with the hobby, without opening their eyes and seeing what is really happening
lenioy shows as much as €lub meetings - even
our own club show (STaB in Bournemouth at the
endofJuly)-both for pa rticipating in new€ames
and for seeing what the traders have.
But I was not born a gamer - | became one;
through the interest of my (then) eight year old
son. He was initially attracted to Warhammer, Dur
we were (wisely)advised thatthe.e were cheaper
and easierentrees to the hobby. The folk at STaB
were welcoming and helpful, rolerantofhis eightyear-old responses to rules, etc., and even tolerant of my appalling die'rolling recordt
Now, seven years later, he is a more regular
participant at club meetings than I am, and particularly has a bunch offriends who have allcome
into the hobby through a similar Warhammer related route. Many clubs (as Dave Rose wrote in
November jssue) do \relcome and encourage
youngerlads - our club even elected a youth representative on the committee.
The only realcomplaint about Warhammer has
been that they were more expensive than other
ranges of figures, and kept changingthe rltles and
factors. so lhar you hdd to keep spendin-e
From my perspective, shows are really impor
tant in encouraging families and younger players
to take a wider inte.est in wargaming, and I applaud Lincoln club forworkingwith cub packs and
youth groups. We might even do something simiIar ourselves. lAnd it won t cost a fiver!ll

warrch Maado$ald

hemen!ly deny it. 'Historical garners are just as
vehement about their serious games of Post-Roman Britain. Caribbean Rdids. Colonial Americd
and Prohibition Warsl
Oh yes, I nearly foqot that st|angest ofanimals,
the 'hypothetical encounter. This is where two
armies Inot necessarily closely historically reIatedl, fight each other over a terrain lnot necessarily contemporary to their respective geography), for no apparent reason at all. These armies
have an incredibly high percentage of C ua r(tElite
troops, Cenerals and smart shiny soldiers, all in
matching parade ground uniforms No 'serious
historical' gamer wou ld ever play a game like that,
would they?
lon Mee.h
Bodmin
Dear Iain,
lust a quick note to say that I enjoyed issue No
222. The pictures.eallygrab you and I really liked
'The Dragoons are coming' and "Across the Divide'. I also found the letters page very encouraging. A wise man once said, out of every adversity comes the seed of an equal orgreater benefit. Well Messrs Chilcott, Broomhall and Rose
proved that. Too often hobby magazine letters
pages are fullof The End is Neal doom soaked
complainin€ of negative types - me included I
do confessl- but l've reformed, honest. I feel MW
js the champion of the hobbies Positive Mental
Attitudes... great stuffl
Finally as Lord of lhe Rings comes out on
l9 12.01, Id wager a few serious gamers(?) might
be tempted to indulge in a Fantasy wargame or

Dear laln,
Dear laln,
Ihave been lollowing the recent debates in yoilr
letters page, regarding ihe future growth of our
hobby and the need to rerruit ne$ blood. Irs a
shame, but we stjll appear to be having the same

basic arguments that we had

l0 years

ago

(whoops! thats given my age awayl).
Currently, we seem to be havinganother.ound
of Fantasy vs Historicalgames It used to be Plastics vs Metal. Ifyou had plastic armies (then Airfixl
you weren t a REAL War€amer Real Wargamers
had METAL armies. Overthe years I have been a

member of severa! clubs, and attended more
shows than I can remembef, but the same 'snob-

bery'still exists in bucket loads.
The borlom line is weallplaygameswithmrnratures. we would all like to play with well sculptured, well painted f'gures on well produced terrain. What actlral games we play should be a matterofpersonal choice and add tothe rich tapestry

of our hobby. Specific genres should add to the
whole. Lets face it, withoutthe Fanlasy interestin
our hobby, and the market that it is able to sustain, some of our finest designers and painters
would not be with us. The product quality ofother
ranges would not be nearly so high as it currently
is, and the general professionalism, now prevalent within the whole hobby. would be absent.
The really odd thing is, very many gamers play
'fanrasy and historiLal ganes [4dny ot u< enjoy
both without even considering it an issue. Even
dyed in wool fantasy gamers play 'historical
games (King Arth ur, Pirates, Cowboys, Cangsters,
ad infinituml, even though they would most ve,

insignificant part of the hobby, a few facts. COGS
has an active membership of 70 people, with a
regular attendance of 40 (including a good balance of teenagers and adults, with a number of
ladiesl). The club has to date put on 7 shows,
with some ofthe cheapest trading space around,
all of wh ich have contributed to charity and from
whom enough profit has been generated to provide a lot of gaming materials Ior the club and
secure its future. We have developed a number
of home'grown games, all of which have travelled
the circuit in support of shows as far apart as
Ceasefire, Sabre and Colours. (We don t discflmtnate between any shows. eitheron size or popularity.J Oh and surprise, surprise, like the many
clubs and individuals who do this, we don't make
money out of it. No doirbt all those who so easily
carp and criticise, can boast the same practical
suppon for the hobby.
To conclude, COCS is not Salute. We will not
be seeing thousands of punters coming throu€h
the door, and wecannot force them tobuy equally

large amounts of gear from every trader Like
much in Iife, punters are fickle, a traderwho made
a killing at one show, might have made a loss at
the same show the following year, even if twice

the number of people go through the door we
can only work to provide the punters and the Iacilitieg, we cannol Cuaran(ee every trader is going to make a fortune, but, hey, we ve got a good

band of select traders who have appeared at
every COCS since it started and none of them
are complaining.
Dat,e Wlse lqhairfiakl
Chesterlleld Open Cotnlng Societ|

David Ktright

e'mail

Badmouthing a 'minor' club

e-mall

happen, approach the trader first and get the
malter softed out.
It has to be remembered that small shows, iI
well run, willeventually become the Salutes and
Colours of the future, and for traders to publicly
rubbish shows, or, for that matter, shows to rubbish traders, is notgoing to help rhe hobby. Now
forthose who mightaccuse COCS ofbeinga small

I hope vou publish this letter as for the last two
yearsthere has been a rash ofcommentators both
lamentingthe death ofthe hobby and bemoan"
ing the large number of insignificant shows that
now apparently take place. We, as a new kid on
theblocklthefirstCOCStookplace in 1998), have
found ourselres being at the wrong end of a co
called league, with comments attached, being
publicised on the internet. The self-styled commentator claims to be building a web-site by
whjch traderscan exchange views on which shows
they should attend, based on howgood they are.
This, of course, translates to which are the most
lucralive? Strangely enough, this commentator
has placed u( wirh Lhe (omment $on l be going
there again', despite havingattended three ofour
shows before deciding this.
This site is, of course, a little misleading, as
there are only four traders represented. Whilst
COGS really could not give a damn lor the opinion of one trader who sees lit to rubbish shows
which may not be able to give him the lifestyle
he dreams of, it is a worrying trend lif it becomes
as suchl which could lead to those clubs, attempt'
ing to enter the show arena, being strangled at
binh. The COCS show has always taken on board
the comments of those attending and, where
necessary, has evolved to make improvements
with each show. lftraders wish to criticise, then I
would chalienge them to talk to the shows t'rst.
Afterall, ifa trader were to supply a batch of broken models, or badly cast scenery, rvould one
expect the buyerto race straight forthe internet
and say how awful the trader was, or, as should

Cosseria Details
Dear Iain,
With reference to your excellent article concerning Cosseria 1796, may I give you some further
information.
The official Austrian history of all branches of
the Austro-Hungarian Army (Wrede: "Geschichte
der k. und k. wehrmacht"l has the following information for the Austrian garrison of Cosseria.
. Croatian orCyulai F.ee Korps (and not lR Cyulai
nr l2 ). The Austrian Army had two units with the
name'Cyulai'- the Freekorps under craf lgnaz
Cyulai and an lR with the proprietor Craf Samuel
Cyulail . Crenadierbatl. Strassoldo, commanded
by Lt. Col. Graf Strassoldo, with only one division from IR44 Belgioioso, Italians with red
'krap p rot' facings and white buttons, because the
second division (1R48 Schmidtleld, Italians, with
light brown facings and yellow buttons) was dissolved in 1795.
I read in Rijstow: "Die ersten Feldziige Napoleon Bonapafte's in Italien l,]nd Deutschland I796

und 1797" the Piemontese 3rd
Crenadierbattalion Del Carretto with 569 men
had ? divisions with 2 companies each from the
regiments Montferrat, Marina and Susa. lthink
our ltalian friends could give us further information for the uniforms. IMoreover, there is an excellent modern work, published by the Italian
GeneralStaff'Le Regie Truppe Sarde

11775"

l8l4)'

by Stafano Ales with wonderful illust|ations by
M Brandani, Rome 1989.
I would also like to see some modern photographs of the ruins oI Cosseria.
With many thanl,s for your e\cellent magazine
and the best wishes for the future.
Herbett zima

Miniature Wa€ames No. 224


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USA readers: Wargames Inc. Box 278, Route 40 East,
Triadelphia, \AV' 26059 0278 for $14.00 plus $2.00 postage and handling.
Australian readers: Essex Miniatures Australia, 9 Lowana Place' +if
Hornsby NSW 2077 $A 20.00 (post paid)
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Secondhand

I55

FIGHTING

Militarv

TIJRNING LITTLE MEN
INTO SOLDIERS

For catalogue please
send A5 SAE or
2 IRCs to:
Peter Barr, es
138 Erralin Strcet

For rures. vi\it our websile al:

rls$.liehtin! I 5s..o.uk
or send an SAE lo:

Fiehtine l5s. Green Buus, Colvell

Stratton St
l\ilargaret
Swir, don SN3 4NQ

Road. Frethslrer. PO40 9SL
75-1671

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MISCELLANEA
Diary

Reconnaissance Report
Welsh DBA Site
The Welsh Open DBA (2 0t Championship now
has a web site set up with basic information.

You can find it at the following address:
http:/,/www.geocities.com/a I davr on

DBA_Championship html
Its pretty basic at present but does include
essential details, plus a means to contact the
umpire and a direct link to the Crusade 2002 web
site.

Beer and Pretzels Games
Weekend
Thirteentb clorlous Year
I never did get round to doing a review of this
year's 8t,P dnd alredd! it rq t .ne to.tad repairing ior next yea.s. Firct though, some shocking
news - ticket prices are rocketing up to 4 pounds
per day or 7 pounds for both. An increase of 50p
per day over the price ll years ago, thats inflation for you Since pretty well everyone pays on

the door these days we are abandoning the
slightly lower advance payment rate, but those
ol you who traditionally arrange a charabanc full
ot people can haggle a bit off an advance block
booking.
Naturally there will be good beer and for-lo, ant_r
the 100 space free car park. We now know how to
get it opened p.omptly if they try locking people in on Sunday eveningl
\!e have added a few games to our collection
this year, so the free Board Games Library will
be bigger than eve. Behind the Lines will be running a Hordes of the Things competition. and
Adie is planning to revive his ADGD game which
has had a couple oI years oflafter a decaoe-rong
run. Anyone wishing to run a game or to book a

place in any organised session, please get in

touch.
As the regulars know, there is no need to plan
in advance if you don t wish to, you can just turn
up and play whateveryou fancy, be it board gaming card< role-playin€ or minidLu.es wargaming
Playing space is guaranteed - its what you are

there forl

Contact Phil Bootherstone.

0

t2Sl

51 1 293.

As the subiects of lectures and the content of
special events ma!' occasionally need to be altered at short notice, visitors coming for a particular talk or activity afe advised to telephone
the Museum on 020 7710 0717.
From Leeches to Lasers - Army medicine and
surgery
Lunchtime Lectures: Army Medicine E Surgery
loth January: Tudor and Stuart leechcraft, Rory
McCreadie; lTth January: Army medicine in WW l,
Andrew Robertshalv NAM; 24th January: Army
medicine in the Dhofar War Capt Peter Sta.ling,
Curator RAMC Museum
Weekend ofSpecial Events, Sat2nd-Sunday 3rd
January
Tracing the progression of military medicine and

surgery over the past five hundred years, this
weekend features interpreters in role as a.my
surgeons and nurses from the past, specialist lectures, tours, and child.en's activiLieg. Visitors can
choose a card detailing symptoms ofa complaint,
wound or disease at the Museum enlrance, and
take a trip through time to discover how diffeF
ent eras from Tudor to the present would read
and treat their symptoms.
Soldier's Lives, Soldier's Wlves
Lunchtlme L€ctures: Soldler's Lives
7lh February: Oliver Cromwell lulian Humphry s.
l4th February: A Combat Photographer in Viet-

nam. Col (Rtd)

Fitz.2lst February:

Hugh

Murnahan 1854, Julian Farrance NAM 28th February: John Andrew Robertshaw l9l6-l9,Andrew
Robe.tshaw NAM
Weekend of Special Events, Sat lrd-Sull 4th

March
l\4eet soldiers from past centuries, played by
uniformed interpreters, and talk to them about
their experiences in the Army, Discover how
soldierin€ has changed ove. the ages, and how
the role ofwomen following Lhe drum has evotved
- from (amp follo\ 'ers ro (ombar .oldier:
Trench Warfare 19 | 4-l8
Lunchtlme Lectutes: Trench Warfare
7th March: Changes 1914'l9l8r Uniform Equipment and Tactics, Andrew Robertshaw NAM l4th
March, Battalion s War 2lst March 19l8: Year of
Victory, Cary Sheffield. 28th March Stall trench
warfare for the BBC,
Weekend of Special Events, Sat 6th-Sun 7th

April

NAM News
Speclal events at the National Army Museum
Special evenfs weekends follow a new theme
every month, a theme introduced in the weekly
lunchtime lectures preceding each weeKeno
event. Activities otten include uniformeo rnreF
p.eters, specialist lectures and children,s workshops, and are free unless othenvise stated.

Lunchtime Lectures
Lunchtime Lectures take place at l.00pm on
Thursdays. Tickets arc available at the l\4useum
shop on the day Price: f2.50 adults, t2.00 concessions.
Study Days

National Army Museum Study Days analyse and
examine different fields of mjlitary historical research. Places are Jimited, and booking in advance is recommended. To book call 020 77)0
0l7l ior a booking lorm.
Lunch: not included but may be purchased in
the caf6
Cosr Per Person: Full Day t 18.00; Half Day €9.00
NAM Friends: Full Day fl5.00; Half Day f7.00

Find out how the armies of the First World Wa.
reached stalemate in the trenches on the Western Front what life was really like for the soldiers
who lived in the trenches, and how the war of
attrition was finally broken
Second Hand Military Book Fai.
2lst Ap.il: A book fair run by World War Books
will be taking place. Contacr 01892 518 465 or
email wwarbooks@btinternet.com for further de-

ra

s.

Dad s Army

The Home Cuard
Lunchtime Lectures: Dad's Army
I lth Ap.il: Dad s Army: Favourite Moments. ISth
Apdlr Dad s Army: TV [4yth Vs \I/artime Realiry.
2ith April: \\'eapons and Equipment ofthe Home
Cuard. 2nd May: Resisting the Nazi lnvader: The
Home Services in the Second World War
Weekend of Special Eventg, Sat4th-Sun 5th May
Originally formed in May lg40 as lhe Local Defence Volunteers, the Home cuafd is familiar to
people born years afler the warthanksto the wettloved TV series Dad s Army. This weekenci ot
events takes an in-depth look at the real Home
Cuard, its role and significance, and how it was
really viewed by the public in wartime Britain.

2002
tqi2A tantdt|, Satielq rl Ahd.nts € BHCS DflrrLr N1dne6 Cames
Workshop Head Ouafte6, Nottin€ham Competition Conta.t lO
rvcNeil; idn.nerlarnet.omuk couk
ltj lnnlnt\, Or3n& Lersure Cenre Penaarh Cardiff tO00am
1 00pm lvelshOpen DBAcodpetition spa€tables tradestands.
Coitact Richa.d Willis 029 :01(r 48J9
9F.rntrl4 Nakbr/tC.ik4?.Newbury Bnneandbuy comperitions,
demcnstration and parricipation games rade srands Contact
Trevor Halr: loLrr s7r
"9/10 Febroary PAW, Pllbouth College ot Further Edu€rton,
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Bringand buy, dehorstrati.. and parti.ipatton aares, trade
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tA Feltuary

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waeanesSociely Over'l0tiadesr!dds,Demonstiaiionandpar
ticipaiion Cames. Faintingconpetiio.,'ArinCA Buy', F€eparkrne Adnjsslon !2 00lwomen a under trs jrelr

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rine aDund r0 :roam plrremovablestickefs.na I items fiI in
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f!rth€rdeiailssendSAEtoqtenbvAve,Wirhingron Ntanchester
13 Mnfth Oantu Fl;tnnlr s.r,ol, No.riarurt Road, Abjngdon
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I olri Mir[ WMMS Alumrell Commu niry Cent.e, Frim tey AvenLe

$aL.

000"a |00p| ("e"red.pL,!.,IodeLne..ro.ano

tade dands Conra(r Dave la
'' 23n4lh Mafth Tripla 02.r he Octa8on sheflield. Brtre drd
buy <onpetitions, demo..fratlon and panl<lparion g.mer,
trade stands Contact r.A. Powell 0 r 14 ,2o 6(142
2ll2,lth March 5th INF

Ind iv:d ual

Woid Championshtps for DBm

6 DBR Durbr. South Africa Conta.r tD McNeit;
t 7 April Slrd.trr Nrriotr.l $hrgrnl?s drtl RoletlaAirtl ahahpiotships.
idm.fei @netcomuk.o!k

Univeisity ot Wales Bango( Owynedd Comperitions Conra.r
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b - \',.i, B;L\ D1rh. M. i'. Lo-om Loheep
'i
lD Nl.Neil, idm.ne 16nerlomu(.ouk
la Apri/ CoCS chesier,ield
20r/l Apal \lkprirehr{i Clalgow
"27tf Aprii, Sdl!t?. Olynpla 2, Hammet3hith Road, ronoon.
BrlnS and bu!. demorstralon and pdni.iparton sames, nade
rldnds. C.nE.r The Sourh tindon t{drlord\. pO Bor 2t46!

" I tl | 2 M.y Ompaigfl Militdr{ r 49F, Milror KeFes Brtna . id
buy, demon.lrati.n .nd parrkiparlon eam6. modetting and
r€ enacrin€ dispraat\, rrad..ldnds. Co.ra(t Dare Hrn&0t90a
l3 Md4. srrrq olfdhsn., stockton SporE cenr€, Tatbor streei,
Sio.kton On Tees Conlacr David e,mail OcL€mmerrdaol com
rart Md, $?rli!/r.. Halesosef
26 Md!r, Parirdn MMt, Kelham Hall Neqark Con(acr Laurence

ru-.:".i {olqdr-i,.I Blcs Dr,,dL, v{!?.. fp.oa (o
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funhe.details heep/rmenbeBrapod co uklfswssr,jndex.hrm
611 lu1u, Baltkqtoup Sauth Bovington Tank Museum BovvinCton
Dortet. Demonsration and pa(iclpation games, trade siands
?lh 1trtr.. NOW N.^vich
la tr,, qun't I le' o' | \l.nBe Dp\i)e< Ar nC"1o uLJ..u,,
'
petitions, rrade 5rands. aonra.r
9coob) Frsher
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2 t-t28 )rltt Io Ih? Redaubt Ea.tbou.ne- deratls ver to be.onrmeo

lr la \trr^,. Anir. lo-gl borLel rjnrver.,n .o,9rooroJe.
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idm.neilonercomut.ouk

:rln Aa4lrr Borr.' Ri.r^ Newcasde
7r8 Seple'n6e/, DBNI hrr Cd4rdrliotr Chareau de Crandscn, Crand,
son Swltzerland. rrrTeanCha lenC€ DBM competirion. Conta.r
phi e, Karin Riley k a riley@yahoof.te 001t 2t'j.t7rot:l
a S4,t rtfr Tli. Ol{.r Pdnr:ai, Kelham Hall, \e*a.k Contacr
Laurenc€ Ba dwin.0ll5 s2t4
'' l4lrS.pl.nbef,CtLu6.1he HexaAaon. Recding. E,,ns cno
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*crgamrngconp.!uons, tr.de.tand5. Conra.r r'€rcrH.ltatl
2ll?2 Si&,r&L S0.tr4 0lArdrrk E aHoS Ddtrtt

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Royal

Armo!fies, Leeds. compehtion conract lD M.Neii;

idmcnellOnei.omuk.ouk

O.r!t a Ti. wilds Dirby
r2O.r.i'./ Sririo'Si.4. ConracrMrA.C!mnin€st5A.ie,Ctose

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compeiitlons uade stands, briiC A buy, admjssion eZ l!l
Conta.r: rcompetftiDnr Cary Mills 0t9t 4t77 5.3 ortiade Dale

llrd Nor" fa

P.rnd. Crdrrd, Sto.kton-on T€es

l( D...,,t.. Mdn[.r
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shre{sbury.
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B,ne
b r,, deaor - rd ror r.o pdin ipor -n e"n e. r.doe
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7rat)eautut aotietg ol Ann 15t BHCS Ddlrle5 Mdrr.^, Corcnesrer
\\" &Te.CroLo. B aistor roor.!-n .e a,idge 5r.ee, rldr
E..e\. aor o€ i'io1 ao.racrrDV,Ner or,rciitrrer o1,rl .o!N

** see the MINIATURE WARCAMES stand
at these shows*'
EDITOR. IF A TAIER EVENT APPEASS BU
NOT YOURS gEJ{D A REMINI)ERI

Miniature Wargames No. 224


LTD
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MINIATURES:,*.-.o*^*"."

Plronc 0lJ8l #,51Li or (ll18l ll58.ll

Ple!* nrt€.u trc* seb sddrFs

pages:

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iriniature Wargames January 2002

I


Eastboume Men.ar Ams Mtchaet Cranl0ll2l 761067 or peter Hetm

Club
Contacts
\bedeFr

Abenjee.

013217J230t.
E2sneigh, EasUei€h \\hrgames

\;,B"re. (rub ytew,a oep0t. J /

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I'ISA & ACCESS (Maste&ard, Ellroced) ACCEPTED
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Devizes, Wilts SNl0 2ER
& Fax (01380) 724558
e-mail: keepwrg@talk2't.com
Tel

Menl Qhistmas and

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a Happy New Year to all out Customers

Miniature Wargames No. 224


BIAC-K TREE DESIGN LTD.
,,1i,i,lllffi:r;e

CD01 German Platoon Deal e30.00/$48.00
40 Wehrmacht Infantry with
Rifles and SMGs
1x

CD02 German Support Platoon Deal e46.00/$73.00
4 LMG Teams, 4 HMG Teams,
4 Mortar Teams plus Comms. & Command
46 miniatures plus equipment
1 x VvW2005,

'1

x VWV2050,

2X V{W2020.2 x V{V\|2U2

e's

CDl3 British Reqt. 1879 €62.00/$99.00
2 x ZW loOA. 2i 2W 1009. 2 x 2W1 011

WW2001. 1x VVW2002, I x VVW2003,
'1 x WW2017. 1xWW2037

1xWW2004,

A"eritsulseH'x

GHRISTMAS DEATSI

1 x ZW1Oj0, 1 x 2W1014
Total : 80 miniatures

2xZWIO16,

I

CD12 Zulu lmpi f86.00/$'137.00

Unmarried Regt. (1 x2W1001,1 x2W1002, 1 xZW1003)
(2 x ZW'l006, 2 x ZW10O7 ,2 x 2W1018,1 x 2W1005)
2 Married Reqts.
- 1 Linmarried
Sharpshooters (1
'1 irarried Sharpshooters (1 x 2W1013)
Total : 96 miniatures

xZW1004) ,4

174 miniatures plus equipment

CD04 U.S. Platoon Deal t30.00/$48.00
40 U.S. lnfantry with Rifles, Carbines,
Grease Guns and B.A.R. Gunners
1

1 x VVW2014. WW2015
1xVVW2047. 1xWW2048

x WW2011.

CD05 U.S. Company Deal t104.00/$165.00
3 x Plaloon Deal & Bazooka Teams,
Comms. & Command
'136 miniatures

3 x CD04,

1xWW2048, 1x$M2034,
1 x V\tWg011

CD06 Russian Platoon Deal f30.00/$48.00
40 Soviet Infantrv with Rifles & LMGs

.

2 x WW20o6, 2 x

wW2039, 1xWW2009

CD08 Celtic Warband f72.00/$1
'l unit ol Fanatics (2 x lA1001)

1

5.00

2 Warband units (2 x lA10o2, 1 x 1A1010, 1x lA1020)
1 Chiefs Warband (1 x lA 1021, 1 x 141017)
1 unit of Skirmishers (2 x 1A1009)
Total : 80 miniatures

CD09 German Warband €1 00.00/$1 60.00

2 Warband units (3 x 1A1003, 3 x lA'1026, 1 x 1A1004)
'1 Savaqe Warband (2 x lA'1018. 1 x 141028)
1 Chiefs Warband (i x 41004. 1 x 141027)
I unit of Skirmishers (2 x 1A1019)
Total | 112 minialures

CD11 Athenian Armv f72.00/$115.00

(3i 1A1014, 1 x 1A1016)
2 Liqht Phalanx units (3 x 1A1015, 1 x 1A1025)
'l Skrrmisher screen (2 x 1A1031)
Total : 80 miniatures

2 Heaw Phalanx unils

-

CD07 Russian Company Deal C109.00/$174.00
3 x Platoon Deals olus Command & 16 N.K.V.D.
144 miniatures

Tolal

3 x CD06, 1 x WW2010, 1 x WW2045, 1 x WW2046

NEW
VwV2057
W!V2058
WW2059
VvW9012

British Mortar Teams (2 Teams) €7.50/$ 12.00

callfor details

British Paras with SMGS (4) e4.00/$6.40
VWV9013 British Bren Gun Team (2) €2.50/$4.00
VVW9014 British Flamthrower Team (2) e2.50/$4.00

\,/W9015 French Resistance LMG Team (2) €2.50/$4.00
Vvw9016 French Resistance ObseNation Team (2) e2.50i$4.00
VVW9017 British Paraswith Rifles (4) e4.00/$6.40
VvW9018 British Para Snipers (2) €2.50/$4.00
vVW9019 British Para Officers (2)e2.50/$4.00
VVW9020 BritiEh Para Flamethrowers (2) €2.50/$4.00
1A1034 NakedAthenian Speamen (8) e8.00/$12.80
1A1035 Athenian

Archers

96 miniatures

RELEASES

PA.C. 40 & Crew (1 & 3 Crew) €8.50/$13.60
VVWII Vehicle -

:

(8 )

e8.00/$12.80

1A1036 Trojan Spearmen (8) €8.00/$12.80
1A1037 Spartan Archers (8) e8.00/$12.80
1A1038 Celtic Druids and Captives (8) €8.00/$12.80

ZW1019 Boer Scouts (8) e7.50/$12.00
Packs contain wire for spears and metal shields where appropriate.

CD16 Dwarf Armv t67.50/$99.00
'l x General on Tlirone (1 x 7985)
I x Greatbeards unit (1 x 7963)
1 x Warriors unit (1 x 7954)
1 x Crossbows unit (l x 77905)
1 x Cannons (1 x 7982)

Total: 54 Foot,

I

King, 2 Cannor & Crew

CD15 Orc Armv e67.50/$108.00
1

x Black Orc Giard unit (1 x 7956)

1 x Warboys unit (1 x 7964)
x Orc Archers unit (1 x 77919)
1 x Boar Boys unit (1 x 7983)
I x Battlecarts ('1 x 77915)
Total:48 Foot, 7 Mtd.,2 Battlecarts
'1

Amilr E]AC|(TREDrffi{rTD.
Black Tree Design Ltd. are the
manufacturers of the Hadequin
Miniatures Fantasy line and
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Tq

below F
6BD. tg]


RENAISSANCE

The Siege and Relief of Salses 1639
by Jesus Cortes of Spain
Based on the book published by the Museo Historico Militar Regional de Valencia
The French invasionof Roussillon in l639wasan
episode ofthe war sustained by France and Spa;n
from 1635to l659. ln l614theCatholicarmresor

r-

--F R A N C

E

the Spanish and Imperial Habsburgs had ob,
tained an ove.\'yhelming victory in Nordlingen

'.

over the Protestant Cermans and their Swedish
allies, both financed by France. The foliowil,rg
) edr I ou;. Xllldeclared $.ro,r Prilrp l\ fhemdin
theatre ofoperations was in the heart of western
Europe, all along the Spanish Road. Soon, rowever, the Pyrenean kontier called the attention
of both sides.
Cardinai Richelieu ai once realised the advan,
tages his country could derive from bringing the
war to the Pyrenean border of the Spanish Em,
pire ln military terms, French regimen!s woutd
fight against inexperienced levy troops. who hact

a

.BEziers Galfe du
o Narl.onnc Lton

rorhirg ro do $irl'rhe releran Spani.h re(ios
of Flandefs and ltaly In political terms, the
French could take profit frorn the disconrenr

caused by the war requirements on the original
popuranon.
Thus, in l6l7 an Spanish army put siege to the

N

fron!ier fortress of Leucate, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of a French relievingarmy
commanded by Schomberg.
ln l618 France attacked the Pyrenean Basque
border A powerful French army commanded by
lhe Prin(e olConde <ei/ed lrun ano drd \iege ro
lhe srronehold of fuenterrdbia tt $d.
deIeated in September by an Spanish relief
'inall)
army.
On JLrne .lth, loio. S\homberg ldid 5 e€e o
Salses castle with a French army made up of2,500
horse and 11,000 foor For foftv days. rhe 595

Spanish defenders commanded by captain
\liguel Lorenre Bra!o, a letetdn o, ll''e qars in
Flanders, put up a resolute resistance. On lul)
lgth the besiegers blew up a secrion ofthe curtain, stormed the breach and seized the casde

s

100 miles

.

Ntorella

courtyardr the €arrison was forced to surrender,
only 125 men fit to fight suruived
On September I 4th, a Spanish army | 4.000 foot
and 1,000 horse strong left perpiian for Salses, it
was made up ofa Catalan Ievy army, commanded
b) Cdralan s !rLero!, Court of 5antd Coloma and
the so-called 'Army of Cantabria' com ma nded by

the Nlarquis of Los Balbases. The Army of
Cantabria was composed ofseasoned troops: the

tercio raised by Olivares tthe Counts Own),

French Army Moves

150 km
Mouilaii

H gh a.raos ari-rcopy'isnt

@ o qra w

saom rnc

Moles Neapolilan tercio, the Tercio of the Ar
mada (using half pikesl and the one of the Marquis ofMortara On September lgth the Marquis
of Torrecuso, leading the Spanish cavalry and a
detachment of 4,000 musketeers, boldly broke

throu€h lhe French defensive lines around
Salses, threatening to severe Schomberg's line
of communications wjth France. Lest his army
$ere completely cut off, Schomberg resolved
upon retreating into France, but not belore
putfing into the fortress a slrong garrison of over
2,000 soldiers,.ommanded by Espernan
The Spanish siege olthe castle started on September 20th but within one month it turned
merely into a tight blockade. In prevention ol a
much feared reliefattempt from France, the Spanish siege lines were surrounded with a fortified
line of circumvallation. Its strength was tested
on November 2nd, rvhen a French army under
the Prince of Cond6 assaulted the northenr sec'

torofthe Spanish trenches. Within

a few

minutes,

overone thousand French soldiers were mowed
down by Spanish cannon and musket fire. The
few who reached the enemy trenches and tried
to climb lhem up were pushed into the ditch by
Spanish pikernen
In following weeks, two more relief attempts
failed, and D Espernan had no other alternative
but to capitulate. This he did on December 2lrd

Order of Battle of the Spanish
Army
Comandantes Cenerales: Conde de Santa
4"..44

Coloma, virrey de Cataluia y el Marques de los
Balbases.

d.t4 Bd4a
eabdA

A.

L Rtlaa

..1!:

SoLi

::- -a :

Cobernador de armas: Marques de Torrechiuso.
Tercio de Diputaci6n de Catalufra Cobernado
por D. Jose de Sorribas: 1,200 men
Tercio de la Ciudad de Barcelona: Maestre de
Campo D. Antonjo de Oms: 1,000 men
Ier. o delDuque de Cardond MariscaldeCampo
l\4iniature Wargames No.

224


RENAISSANCE

Battala Del Dia De Difuntos
\i

,1,

,1,. a,l l.*

a"

sa"-

"l*--;\Y
V\

. 59*e""""")

ffi %
ffi J?vr"
S ry
"""-N 'Jlx

'i,

'i,

S '''"'

S

l*i.'t*"
so6t
wEE

'l'l

''

,'

,'

_1:
S,
=-S,.*s

ft I(,,-- ,*!*ffi
,.t#o,
-T{,,.^".=5*s
TH'**-o
H
e-F
-ry'
H
*
+|$-'*
ie
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*;
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f1{,*
ryF
A@dd J+

,,

"-*b;:'

+e"'s"rr''

- i.',-,

S

'''."''''.

59*

s'tj''

D. Jer6nimo Argensola: 1,000 men.

Tercio delMarques D. Crist6balde Cuardiola' 700

The foot was divided in three Tercios, each
one with six regiments and the reserve with four

Campo Baltasar de Claramunt: 1,000 men
lst. Tercio Provincial: Maes!re de Campo D Luis

Tercio
Tercio
Tercio
Tercio

regiments and the gendarmerie {heavy horse).
The left Tercio was commanded for Tonnerre

Tercio del Marques de Aytona Maeslre de
de Pagera: I 000 men
2nd. Tercio Provinciali Maestre de Campo D.
Ioseph de Rocaberti: 1,000 men.
3rd Tercio Provinciai: Maestre de Campo D.
cabriel de Llupia: 1,000 m€n.
4th Tercio Provincial Maeslre de Campo D.
Ram6n Xarnar: 1,000 men.

5th Tercio Provincial Maestfe de campo D.
Agustdn de Guilla, 1,000 men.
Tercio del Conde Duque: Maslre de Campo D.
luan de Arc:2,000 men.
Tercio Viejo de Aragon: Maestre de Campo D.
Juste de Torres: 800 men.
Tercio de la Armada Real, Maestre de Campo D.
Diego caballero' 900 men.

Tercio de Valencia: Maestre de Campo D.
Calcer;in de Mercader: I,200 men
Tercio Nuelo de \;pole: \4ae.L.e de Campo
Marques de Montealegre:800 men.
Miniature Wargames January 2OO2

del Conde de Molina: 600 men.
del Conde de Aguilar; 800 men.
del Marques de l\4ortara: 2.000 men.
de D. Leonardo Molas, 1,200 men.
leI(lo de D tldnclscoOel LaStillO /UUmen.
Tercio del Duque de M6dena, 1.200 men.
Tercio de lrlandeses

( Irish

Tercio

):

Tirconel, 600

Tercio Viejo de Niipoles: 700 men.
Tercio de Valones: Baron de Molinghen, L500
Tercio de

D Diego de

The centre Tercio was commanded by

Seri€nan r1 regimenL'l and ArCencourl | | regiments) and the right Tercio was commanded by
Schomberg (3 regiments) and Leques (3 regi-

ment5l.

The horse was divided in lhree, Ambres,
Rouviere and Rogles.
The battle rvas fought

Cuzmi4n: 800 men.

lhe l^or(e: ,.000 di\ided rn Iive (orrpanier.
Caballos corazas larmour).

Tha
Arrnr,
,,,v Fronrh
| |e,,w,|

'r,,,1'
Arm6e du Languedoc (November 2nd,
Prince de Cond6:
12,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry.

rthree regimentsr and Arpdion rthree regiments).

16391

on Halloween day'

ldia de difuntos in SpanishJ Cond6 tried to
overrun the Spani>h sieCe Iine wirh three simultaneous attacks over the Spanish trench
line; but, without artillery support, the French
were defeated by a storm of musket and artillery fire, and routed by the Spanish cavalry
counter-attack.
l\4ore information : Museo Historico Militar
Regional de Valencia, Valencia, spain.


RENAISSANCE

'lhe Frch.h a.pproach. Figurcs frofi Redoubt afid wrtous other manufactuteE. Frot l the @llection of Ailrian Husser. PhotoqraphV 6g Rlcftard EIIis.

The Roman Empire
Order of Battle for the Civil Wars
68 - 70 A.D.
In this work, Michael Lane

sets out who and where the Roman

army lvas in the first centuryA.D., illustrating the professionalism,
skill and efficiency that made the battles of the civil u'ar of 69 A.D.

bitter and blood,r'. The army's diversity in culture and location
indication as to rvhy a figurehead in the person of the
emperor (and the In.rperial house) could be such a unifving force
and rvh1., in the vacuum after Nero's suicide, the troops were ready
ro off'er allegiance to locally-based military commanders whom
so

gir.es an

'r{"

the troops knew and respected.

illustrated $'ith troop types and maps of the major actions.
f8l$13.50 (UKpost incl., Europe +10%, elsewhere +207o)
Fr.rlly

Send for your copv now to:

RichardJeffrel.Cook, c/o The Socieq.' of Ancients, Nlabar. Blackheath Lane, \lbnersh, Guildford
GU5tOPN. UK. Cheques (! or US$), etc pa,vable to 'The Society ofAncienrs"Mastercard or Visa.
Name
Card No

Expiry

Date _/

Signature

Visit rhe website
$\a1a.soa.org.uk

_
Da!e:

A SOCIETY OFANCIENTS PUBLICATION
Miniature Wargames No. 224


0rder of Battle for "Warfare in
the Age of Discovery" rules
Sn:nish Armv
Ceneral no I Santa coloma. LeaderValue iLVl l
Ceneral no 2 1\lafquis oi Torrecuso: LV 2
Ceneral no I 1\larquis of Balbases. LV J

Infantry:
Tercio Aguilar pike morale I formatjon no l:l
,1 Strength Points tSPl afmour
Tercio Vieio de Arag6n pike morale 2 form. 13.
SP rl, armour

Tercio de Valencia: pike, nrorale I, form I J

Tercio de \'16dena: pike. norale
SP 4 armour
Tercio de \'lolina:

I

SP

Form.

pike morale l, form I I

Tercio Ticornel llrjshr: pike. morale
SP armour

2 form

The spnnish coutllehauRrh. PhotogftphA
Miniature Wargames I anuaty 2OO2

bV

L

Tercio Valon de Molinghen pike. morale 2 form

ll,

Cavalry:
Caballos Corazas shock, arrnour form.
pistol,/sword morale 2

Caballoscofazas shock armour forrn
Pistol/sword morale l

11.,1

I

of the siege Iines

Fronnh
Armrr'
| , u,,v" /n"'r.
Ceneral no l: Condd LV 4
Ceneral no 2: Schomberg, LV l
Ceneral no 3: Saint Silnon: LV 2

Languedoc Reg:

3.

form.

l4

4 SP

pike morale L form. 14. 4 SP

aF

Normandie Reg: pike morale,l, form.

14, 4 SP,

Argencourt Reg pike, morale 4, form.

14, 4 Se aF

ar

SP

Arquebus. pistol, slvord morale 2
Herreruelos: missile. armour, form. ll lSq
arquebus, pistol, sword morale 2
Artillery:
I battery Heavy, mililary gunners. tech level ,1

13,

4 Sq

ll I SP
ll.ISP

Herreruelos missile, armour, form I1,

The,v depio_v under cover

Infantry:
Novailles Regiment: pike, morale

4 SP armour

Leques Reg: pike. morale L form.

l4

4 SP,

armour

Serignan Reg: pike morale J. form l4 ,l Sll armour
Arpagon Reg: pike morale J. form. l4,,l SP armour
Tonnerre Reg: pike. morale 2 form l4,,1SP armour

Cavalryl
4 regiments of gendarmes:Shock armour, form.
ll morale 2 pistol,/sword, SP I
No

afiillery

Ri(had EIIis.

tr


18th CENTURY

The Bennington Raid
6th-16th August 1777
by Derek Coleman

Background
John Bourgoyne's papet entitled ''l houghts lor Conductng the Wat tom the Sid? olConada', was submit-

ted tothe British Covernmentin Feb.uaryof 1777.
The idea ol mounting an expedition from Canada
against the rebellious colonies had been muted
severaitimes before, but Bourgoyne had lriends
Parliament and his plan was the one that was
'n
approved.
Despite King Ceorge wavering in favour ot putting Sir Henry Clinton in command,
Bourgoyne himself finally got the nod and in
March of 1777 orders were issued forthe expedi-

tion
These orders and Bourgoyne himself reached

Ouebec in May and immediately he began to
organise his two pronged assault. He himself
commanded iust over 7,000 men and intended

to

cross Lake Champlain, capture Fort

Ticonderogaand then advance alongthe Mohawk
Valley as a diversion. The plan was that rhe two
forces would link up at Albany, where Bourgovne s
men were to await the arrival of Ceneral Howe's
troops coming north trom New York. lfall went to

plan, the Hudson Valley would be in British
hands, New England would be cut off from the
rest of the colonies, and the rebellion would be
virtua lly over,

Tho Fvnoditinn
Cuy Carleton, covernor of Canada, had made
excellent p.eparations and, during the third week
ol june I 777, Bourgoyne led 7,173 men in what
was described at the time as a splendid regatia
south from St lohns towards Lake Champlain. AII
went well to start with. Fort Ticonderoga fell viF
tually without a fight on the 5th luly, an event that
caLised American morale to plummet
In New York, Ceneral Ho$e heard the news of
the fort s capture, and decided tha! Bourgoyne
did not need any immediate assistance so he
took most of his army and sailed for Philadelphia,
leaving Sir Henry Clinton with 8,000 men with
which to hold the city. Meanwhile, Bourgoyne

himself was proceeding south towards Fort
Edward. In his plans, he had anticipated the

Americans having a large flotilla of armed boats
on Lake Ceor€e and, consequently, he intended
to take the overland route along Wood Creek,
despite having inadequate transport for such a
trek.
The colonists took advantage of !he wild country and 1,000 axemen created so rnany obstacles
that it took the British 20 days to crawl the 22
miles to Fort Edward. When they finally got there,
their supply lines stretched 185 miles from Montreal and 38 of those miles were ovedand, the
last l5 through very rough country
Thetenain wasagainst him and whatwas moae,
it held fe\ysettlersand consequently little forhis
foragers to seize. Eourgoyne needed supplies Iof
his men and horses for his 250 dismounted Brunswick d ragoons and to haulguns and rvagons over
the rough backwoods roads.
Rumours were rife and on luly 22nd, Baron
Friedrich Riedesel, who commanded Bourgoyne s
Cerman contingent, suggested that an expedi
tion be sent into the Connecticut Valley where, it
was said, there were plenty of horses to be hact.

Bourgoyne had also been listening to rumours
and he believed that the American Ceneral Seth
Warner had withdrawn his forces to Bennington.
The ease with which he had taken Ticonderoga
had convinced Bourgoyne that the rebels were
no match for his regulars and so he amended

carried by one of the escort. She had been 2l
years old - a beauty by some accounts, plain by
others. Killed by drunken lndians fighting over
the honourofguarding her or by a stray shot from
an American patrol, whocan say? What herdeath
did do was alarm the whole of New England and

Riedesels plan to send the expedition further
south.
The Cerman protested volubly that this would
make the .aid far too dangerous, but Bourgoyne

knew better and could not be convinced.
His plan was for the expedition to leave the
main army and to march east from the Hudson
near Saratoga. towards Arlington. Then they were
to follow the course ofthe gatten Kill up towards
Manchester and across mountainous country to
Rockingham on the Connecticut River. Once
there R;edesel \eas to seize horses for his dragoons, obtain'cattle, horses and carriages', recruit a band of Loyalist {Tory) militia and geneF
ally prove a nuisance to the enemy. when all of
this was done, the force was to follow the riverto
Brattleboro and was then to march westwards to
Albany, where Bourgoyne was confident his main
force would be waiting. The whole raid was supposed to take no longer than two weeks.

The British Force
To command the expedition, Bourgoyne chose

Lieutenant- Colonel Friedrich Baum, commanding officer ol the g.unswick dragoons. This was a
particularly poor choice - Eaum could not speak

a word of English and, therefore, could do nothing to forward Bourgoyne s instructions concern-

ing recruiting Tory militia. His men were also totally unsuited forsuch a raid. Their uniforms were
elaborate, they \rore heavy riding boots, which
made their rate of march slow, and they carried
big, dragoon swords, which caused them to be
helpless when in the thick woods that abounded
In that country.
For the raid, Baum assembled 170 Brunswick
dragoons, 100 lagers and grenadiers from
Breymann s corps, J0 Hessian artillery men with
two three-pounderguns and 50 British marksmen
under Captain Fraser In addition, there were
around 75 officers, musicians, soldier seruants
and about 350 mixed Canadians, Inyalists, lndians and camp followers, making some 800 in all.

The American Opposition
The ease with which Fort Ticonderoga had fallen
had sent ripples of fearthroughout the New Eng'
land colonies. on top ofthat some of Bour€oynes
Indians fanned the flames with the killing and
scalping of a woman called lane Mccrea.
Jane Mccrea was at Fort Edward just before
the British forces took it. Staying with a Mrs
McNeil, she was engaged to Lieutenant David
Jones, a Tory, who was attached to Bourgoyne s
force. Tpo days before Fort Edward fell, some of
the lndians scouting for Bourgoyne arrived at the
fort and decided to take the woman back to the
army.

When lhey arrived, M|s McNeil was fine, but
the only sign of lane Mccrea was herscalp being

Vermont had too few people to raise a slzeable force, whilst New Hampshire had men but
no funds to provide for them. A man called John
Langdon pledged the cash and suggested lohn
Stark as commander of the militia. Stark had re,
signed his commission in !he Continental Army
and agreed to take the iob as long as the militia
remained independent of Congress.
Stark raised a brigade of 1.492 men, dressed
in their own clothes and carrying theirown weap-

ons and marched them towards Manchester
Here, Seth Warners Vermont detachment was
wajting, but so, too, was Maior Ceneral Lincoln,
appointed by congress to (ommand dll rroop5 in
the area. Stark was livid, saying that he took oF
ders hom the people who had appointed him,
not from Congress. Lincoln handled him diplomatically and, on beingtold that Starkwished ro
move on the left rearof Bourgoyne's line of march,
he agreed, in order to buy time for Congress to
overrule New Hampshires orders to Srdrk
It looked like a recipe fo. disaster, but in effect, it actually put Sta.ks 1,500 or so men right
where Baum's 800 were heading.

TL^
/1
^^ -^^^
I ||E /'1ppr
uoL L
Bennington $/as not one ot gaum's originat objectives. At the last minute belore the expedition set out, a local Tory off;cer reported to
Bourgoyne that an American supply depot was
located the€ and that ;t was only guarded by a
few hundred militia. Bourgoyne needed those
supplies. lf Baum could seize them, the British
would be in Albany in no time. Centleman lohnny,
himself, rode ofl on the llth August to change
Baum's orders.
Fraser had already started out by that time,
movinC ei€ht miles from Fort Edward to Fort
N4illeron the 9th August. Baum moved from Fort
Miller to Batten Kill on that day, then on l3th, he
advanced to Cambridge. On the same day the
main force began to cross the Hudson on the way
towards Saratoga.
Baum was looking for prisoners and supplies
and, although hegotsome, his Indians set about
looting and burning, and succeeded in raisingthe
whole countryside. Stark heard abouttheir deprjvations, and sent tu'o hundred men marching
the l8 miles lrom Bennington to investigate.
Stark's men retumed totellhim thatthere were
regulars following behind the wave oflndians and
the American commander alerted his brigade to
move towards them on the l4th. He also warned
Seth Wamer's men at Manchesterto ioin him without delay. Somehow, Baum musthave learned of
Stark's presence, because on the same day he
sent word to the main column that Bennington
wasoccupied by l,S00rebelsinsteadolthethree
or four hundred he had expected. The next moming, the two forces moved inexorably towards
ea€h other'

Miniature Wargames No. 224


The Batile of Bennington
First contact between the opposing forces was
made at about 9am on the l4th, at a mill on a
side stream ol the Hoosi( River This mill is variously called as Sancoicks Mi11, Saint Coicks Mill
oreven Van Schaick's Mill. Here, ColonelCregg's
Afte cans fircd a single volley at Baum's leading lighttroops and then retreated with the regulars cautjously pursuing.
Two miles to the south east of the Mill, Sa:nt
Luke's bridge crcssed Little white creek and
cregg's men paused only long enough to bum
this before retiring towards where Stark waited
on the waloomsac River Here, the Americans
waited forthe expected assault, but nothinghappened and so Stark withdrcw a mile orsoto camp
about three miles lrom Bennington.
In fact, Baum's men were delayed a couple of
hourstryingto repairthe bridge and he used the

opportunity to send a second despatch to
Bourgoyne. ln this one he confirned the enemy
strength, butsaid that he did not expectthem to
put up much resistance- He did ask for reinforcements, though, but only those suflicientto allow
him to reach Benninglon. That was his first error
His second was that, despite being over25 miles
from the main body of British troops and faced
with at least double his numberofenemy, he did
not withdraw. These were bad enough, but his
third one was disastrous.

Baum's Disoositions
After repairing the bridge bumed by Gregg's men,
Baum moved forward a mile and a halfto stark's

former position on the Waloomsaa River There
was a bridge here lsome accounts say that therc

Miniature Wargames January 2002

was only a fordland Baum needed to secuFthe
crossing in ofderthat he could advance next day.
Making his dispositions acco.dingly, the Geman

split his force. On his right (the enemy side of
the rjverl, he posted 150 of his men, mostofthem
Tory volunteers. This force erected a breastwork
on a smallrise some 250 yards from the crossing
point and this became known as the Tory Re-

doubt.
Most ofthe rcst ofthe Tories and the canadi
answere posted in some cabins scattered on ejther side of the crossing point and the German
camp followers were in a log cabin between the
Tory Redoubt and the .iver,
On the opposite bank, fifty cerman infantry,

twenty-five Bdtish marksmen and one threepoundei covercdthe crossing. Furtherback, the
Dragoons, the remaining Bitigh marksmen and
the other three-Dounder were on a hill in what
was called the DEgoon Redoubt.
The remaining trcops werc in three positions.
There were fifty lagers posted out ofsight ofthe
Dragoon Redoubt, but on the same side of the
river, with orders to prevent the rebels from
sneaking along the riverbank. The second position was in a field half a mile back towards the
ill, where fifty infantry and some Tories, guarded
the roadalongwhich Baum had advanced. Finally,
the lndians were oosted north-west of the clram

goons on a small plateau.
This \ryas the third eror. As a defensive disposition of troops it lvas awful. The British./German/
Tory forces were scattered piecemeal over tie
countryside, on both sides ofthe riverand most
units were notable to support any of the others.
Despite this, as night fell on the l4th, Baum
awaited Stark's next move.

The Relief Force
lf Baum was having a bad day, militarlly, he was
not the only one. Bourgoyne was woken in the
August with Baum's rcdark hours of the |
quest for rcinforcements.
'th He felt no disquietat
this. after all Baum had said that he expected
little resistance and that he only wanted the reinforcements to enable him to seize Bennington,
but now Bourgoyne also made an eror. He ordered Breymann's advance corpsofheavy Geaman crenadiers to march to Baum's aid. These

must have been the most poorly equipped
troops out of all those left with the main force
to send on a twenty-five mile cross-country
march.
Riedesel was so disgusted that he refused to
carry the order, but instead sent a gtaff oftrcer in
his place.
The crenadiers were alerted at 8.00am and
were on the road an hour later. Breymann and
Baum were reputed to have a simmering feud
going, and the crenadiefs rate of march was lov
on a road that grew worse by the minute, as it
began to rain heavily. By nightfall on the l5th,
the reinforcements had covered only eight miles

and were still some seventeen miles short of
Baum' men.
Meanwhile, Stark had sent for Seth Watner's
V€rmont militia on the l4th, but some of these
troops were scattered on patrols and they did
not start out unti I about eight o'clock on the | 5th,
the same time as Breymann's m€n had Ieft the
British camp. Nevertheless, they moved laster
than the Cerman Crenadiers despite the €in and,
by nightfall on the | 5th, wamer himself was with
Stad< and his 350 men were camped only six miles
away,


18f|

CENTURY

The RebeL .lose
'I

6th

Ar ror

l/1.

25mm F'ontier M'inlatures and old stgle Mihifigs trom the .olle.tiofl of chris scott. Photogtapha bg

rcf 1 777

The rain prevented the use of muskets and, thus,
any realmilitary action on eitherBaum s orStark's
part on Friday l5th. The American did send out
patrols to assess the enemy defences and a few
lndians were picked off, but little else of note
happened.
Saturday dawned wet but became progressively drier and, in the afternoon, Stark pressed
home his attack. His plan tvas a double envelopment of the scattered Cerman/British troops on
each side of the river Colonel j\4oses Nichols

rnarched his 200 men from New Hampshire
through four miles of wooded country, to attack
the Dragoon Redoubt at about l.00pm. At the

same time the Vermont Rangers and the
Bennin€ton Militia numbering 100 and undertbe
command of Colonel Samuel Herrick, attacKeo
the enemy rear guard.
On the other side of the river, Colonel David
Hobart led 100 men againsL the left of the Tory
Redoubt, whilst Colonel Thomas Stickney commanded a <imildr number against the righr. An.

othea 100 men €enerally made a nuisance of
themselves and distracted the Cermans by demonstrating against Baum's front. Stark kept the
remainde. of his force (nowgrown toaround t,100
menJ under his own command ready forthe main
assault.
Baum had an excellent view from the Dragoon
Redoubt and, soon after midday, he had seen

parties ol Americans leaving Stark's position.

Unfortunately, his conclusion was that these men
were retreating and later, when small parties of
rebels were seen approachinC the Redoubts, he
compounded this errorby thinking thatthey were
Tories coming to seek the protection of his posi,
tion. The Americans, realising his error, used the
lack of opposition to get themselves into posr,

tr

The Tory Redoubt was the first to fall. They
fired one volleyatthe rebels, butwhilst theywere

reloadin€, the Americans charged and overran
lheir po5ition. Seeing rhis and hearing firin€ on
both flanks to their rear, the Canadians and Tories in the cabins and the Indians to the nofthwest scattered whilst the other lightly manned
German positions, were soon overwhelmed.

Stark now moved his main body down the
Bennington Road and against the Dragoon re'
doubt where a fierce firefight began. Stark had
promised his men that the redoubt would fall
before night, or'MoJl, Slarh wauld be 0 widow , o\n
for t$'o hours the cermans and British held out.
The defenders of the redoubt had been bol'
stered by men fleeing from other positions and,
by 5.00pm ammunition ras running low Thatwas
when the wagon with the reseNe ammunition
caught fire and spectacularly blew up. Stark s men

began to close in, but the Cerman Dra€oons
started to cut their way out using their swords
againstthe Americans who lacked bayonets. For
time they looked as if they might make it, but
then Baum received a shot to the abdomen which
proved fatal and all resistance collapsed.
a

Ri,,ha Ellis.

his left was harassed by small bands of militia on
the higher ground and these had to be driven off
by flankers.
Stark s men were in no position to oppose this
new threat. He had taken a large number of prisoners and men were detached to €uard them.
Otherswere pursuingthe fugitivesofBaum s command, lootinC or iust exhausted by a hard fight
on an afternoon that had turned hot and muggy.
Luckily Seth warners force of around 150 men
had marched a long rvay and had been slow to
come up, pausing to drop off packs, d raw ammunilion, \,\,ater and ro dry $eapons afler the ra in.
The two forces clashed about a mile from the

crossing point and Breyrnann jmmediately

brought his two six-pounders into action and reinforced the flankers on his left to try to turn the
American right warner had to use half his force
to counter this thrust after it began to make
progress and then he pushed the remainder of
his men to his left in an attempt to turn the Gep
man ngnr.
This, too, was countered, and for a while the
two lines remained stationary whilst firing continuously at each other Sunset approached and

the Cerman ammunifion began to run low so

Breymann's Fight
Whilst this was going on, the relief force was still
marchingto Baum said. Ereymann's men reached
the Mill at around half past four on the afternoon
ofthe l6th, and there they ran into fugitives from
Baum's force. The sto.ies thatthese refugees told
varied widely and, because of the way the ground
lay, thesound olliring from the Draeoon Redoubt
did not carry {he four miles to the Mill. Assuming
that Eaum was still holding out, Ereymann gol
his exhausted men back on their feet and began
to march on. His right flank was on the river, but

Breymann, aware nowthat Baum had eitherfallen
or was out of reach, ordered a retreat.
The moment the Cerman line began to move,
the Amerjcans swarmed forward and the regula/s
discipline began to break down. Large numbers
of them threw down their arms and surrendered
and Breymann ordered his drummers to beatthe
parley, but the Americansdid not reco€nise the

call to talk and kept shootin€. Stark brought the
€uns captured lrom Baum into action, but lound
that no-one otherthan himselfknew how to work
them, and, as darkness fell, he ordered his men
to break oftcontact. The surviving Germans gratefully wjthdrew and the battle was over
l\4iniature Wargames No.

224


Casualties
There appears to be some confusion as to the
American casualties at BenninCton, Accounts vary
and in somethe ratioofkilled towounded is very

unlikely. Stark himself reported l4 killed and 42
wounded and those are the most Iikely figures.
The German losses were catastrophic. 207 of
their number were reponed dead and over 700
were captured, includin€ l2 olficers and staff. of
the 174 Dragoons who began the raid, a total of
iust nine returned to Bourgoynes main force.
Baum was killed and Breymann wolrnded, but
Caplain Fraserand many ofhis British marksmen
managed toavoid capture and reioined the main
column, although somewere numbered amongst
the prisoners. captured Tories were tied together
and made to parade through Bennington to feceive the contempt of the victors.
In addition, the rebels Look l2 drums, various
standards, 250 swords,4 ammunition wagons,
hundreds of muskets and some rifles, as well as
four cannon. llnterestingly, these had been cap-

tured from the French byWolfe atOuebec.)They
went on to be recaptured by the British in l8l2
and bythe Americans in 1813.)

Other British casualties are impossible to
quantity. The loss of such a large proportion of
his men must have affected the performance of
Bourgoynes army subsequently at Saratoga. In
addirion, the failure of the raid meant that those
troopsthat he did have were condemned to sub'
sist on a diet of mouldy flour and salt meat,
brought overland from canada - hardly fa.e to
fight on-

The American Flag
the l4rh ,une 1777 Congress had passed a
resolution decreeing what flag the new nation

On

The ilefence crumbles as the atnfto ru/r''s

Miniaturc Wargames Januaty 2OO2

would fly. Their description of the flag left room
for interpretation and what is believed to be the
first Stars and Stripes carried by ground forces
was flown at the battle of Bennington.

Wargaming the Battle
Bennington is really a mini campaign. We usually use at least three players, one to be Stark
and one each to take the places of Baum and
Breymann. Bourgoyne does not really come into
it and his place, if necessary, should betaken by
the umpire. we had lo ng discuss ions on whether
Baum and Breymann should have any restrjctions
on their respective abilities to reflect the actual
men. our decision was not to force them to stick
to their historical styles because we prefer free
flowing games, but you may wish to consider introducing rules to reflect this.
Any good set of late lSth century rules should
suffice - our own are cobbled together over a
numberof years from various sets including some
Napoleonic ones suitably toned down to refle€t
the weapons and methods ofthe times.
The terrain was tairly rough. Narrow, country
dirt tracks that turned to mud in the rain. Hills,
woods and rive.s that wound through the coun-

trysideandweredilficulttocross.TheAmericans
came from these places and their loose formations and easy discipline meant that they could
move easily through them. The Cermans were
different. Their uniforms were heavy and unsuited to the terrain, their formations were rigid
and discipline strict. (There are accounts ol
Breymann sLopping his men e'"ery fifteen minutes on the march in order to dress ranksll we
allow Stark's men, the Britigh light troops and the
Canadians/Toaies normal movement and cut the
Cerman regulars down to two thirds distance on
the march and over rough terrain.

orrt.2rmn Frontier Miniah/'es. Photogqphg by Ri.hanl ElIb,

On the British/Cerman side, morale was high
tostartwith. They expected to meet armed farmers in inferior numbers and were sure that they
would sweep them aside without trouble. The
Americans had lost Ticonderoga and had heard

about Bourgoyne's men moving on to Foat
Edv,,ard. on the other hand, they were defending their homes and were supe.ior in numberc.

weallowbothsidesnormal mo.alefortheirclass
at the beginnin€ and allow nature and the dice
to take theircourse.
cood sketch maps, a good umpire and plenty
ol space are eggential. lhere are so many variants to this battle. what if Bourgoyne had despatched Breymann with Baum in the first place?

what if Breymann had got his skates on and
reached Baum on the ISth? What if all British
regula.s had been sent instead of the cerman
troops? what ifthe reliefforce had been British?
The initial force? What if Stark had set up his
defences at the Miil? The possibilities are endless and all make forexcellent games. overtime
we have played and enioyed them
do the same.

all,l hope you

Bibliography
F. L Rankin. Hugh F. R?relt & Re/world Publishing co . Cleveland, ohio.

Scheer. George
rorts ,

The National Historical Soaiety, 'Batlles and LeadEastem Acorn Press,
Yorktown, Vi.giniaBoatner, Mark M., 'Cdssell's Biogrcphiaal Di.tio aryof
els ol the A.medcan Revolulio[',

the Anedaan\Nar ollnderyndenae

17

63- | 783 ,

cassell,

London.
cobb, Hubbard, 'Aneri{ an Rattlelields , Konecky €"
Konecky, New York.
Commager, Henry S. 6 Mo(is, Richard 8., 'Tie
Spirit of Se'&nIU-Six', De Capo Press, New York.


Seven Minutes to Glory
The Battle for Somosierra Pass, 29-30 November 1808
by Piotr Stolarski

Background
Napoleon's invasion of Spain marked the end of

iustifiable self-defence and the beginnings of
tylannical agClandisement. Thatperiod also saw
him taking greater liberties with his men and
beginning to rely on crude and costly massed
battlefield tacticsi a stark contrast with his earlier campaigns. After loseph Bonaparte was expelled from Mad.id in the summer of I 808, Ften.h
power began to qumble as herarmies retJeated
towards the Pyrcnees. Napoleon's planned counter-attack began in late Octobet as 200,000 rein.
forcements split the Spanish armies and repelled

either wing of their grandiose outflanking atrempls.
The Spanish Supreme Junta promptly sacked
its army commanders and entr!sted thedefence
ofMadrid to ceneralEguia. Eguia decided to, at

least, delaythe French by posjtioning 9,000 men
underCeneral Heredia in the Cuadarrama Pass,
and 12,500 under General Benito de San-luan in
the Somosiera Pass, respectively west and north
ofMadrid- These two passes controlled the two
main roads to the Spanish capltal.
Somosierra was selected by Napoleon as his
main avenue ofadvance from Aranda del Douro
ro Madrid. He had with hin 45,000 men (The
Guard, the Reserve Cavalry, Victor's I Corps, and
elements oI Soult's ll Corpsl, with the rest on
seDarate missions to thewestand east. Whilethis

powerful force smashed through Somosierra, the
cuadaffama defile would be masked by a divi.
sion oflightcavalry and Lefebvre s IV Corps. Na.
poleon reached the village of Bucegulllas some
l0 miles frcm the pass on 29 November, and

preparations were made for an attack on the
Spanish positions.

Terrain at Somosierra
The Sieraa de Somosierra range is about 40 miles
across ftom north.east to south-west. The high-

est peaks are about 1,500 metres high, but the
maio ty are no more than climbable steep hills
of a few hundred feet. The terrain of the battle
has been exa€gerated by artists such as Horace
Vernet to emphasise the 'entrenched' position
of the Spanish. The reality was that the 3km road,

though inclining upwards at a relatively steep
angle, was intersecting a valley as wide as 2km in
praces.
Clearly, the tenain was hostile for regular forces
in that the land to either side of the road was

littered with large rocks and boulders - perfect
fo. skimishers to defend. At least one stream,
and possibly a few others, are known to have intersecied the road; thisprobably implies marshy

prAtit 04 e487t.!!t

Mlniature Wbrgames No. 224


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fltrt
ground. too. Nevertheless, the steepest hills to
either side ofthe pass had beneath them smaller
hills that could be used ro outflank a plateau on
which the main Spanish battery and forces were
Iocated.

The Spanish Deployment
Don Benito de San-juans 12,500 troops were a
mixed bag. The force was made up of
battalions of Spanish re€ulars, 5 battalions of levies, 2
militia battalions, plus 6 regular cavalry squad'
rons The levies, hastily raised, and the militia,

ll

rvere of equal value. For the defence of the
SomosieI|a Pass Sdn luan deployed hi< men in
two groups. One group of 1,500 regulars 15 battalions, 2 squadrons, and 6 gunsl was sent to occupy the town of Sepulveda, ten miles from the
mouth of the pass Their function was to slow
down the French advance before it got into the
valley, and function as an advanced guard.

The other group, comprising the rest of the
troops labout 9,000 men all told) and l6 guns,
was designated to delend the defile from a small

French Dispositions
As th;s was very much an encounter battle, the
Faench troopswere not in any way prepared lor a
maior combat. The vast maiority of the 45,000
troops would still have been in the vicinity of
Buceguillas, oron the wayfrom Aranda del Douro.
From eyewitness accounts, it is clear that the
troops at immediate disposal on the 29th were
the cuard infantry and cavalry while Ruffin s lst
Infantry Division of Marshal Victors lCorps. together with [4outon's Inlantry Division of Soult's
llCorps, arrived the next day (with other units of
both Corps following).

The Battle
The battle itself was, and still is, controversial
among higto.ians. Something extraordinary hap'
pened, but what that was has been garbled by
so many interested parties claiming the glory

atthetopof thepass.The l6gunswere

or trying to debunk it. The legendary charge of
the Polish light horse of the lmperial Cuard has
been degraded by one prominent scholar to a
'spectacular interlude', with the pass itself fall-

split into lour batteries: three of 2 guns, and one
of l0 guns. The first three batteries we.e placed

attack. The charge of the Light Brigade at

plateau

along the 3km steep winding road, while the last
one was placed on iop ol the plateau (perhaps
200ft high), which overlooked the road as it lev"
elled out. The 9,000 men ofthe'pass lorce were
not all deployed. only about 1,000 of the militia/levies were actually p.esent in the area, the

rest were in rear areas. Of this group, perhaps
deployed to either side of the road

500 Nere

amongst rocky outcrops as skirmishers, while
2,500 were held in resen e behind the last baltery.
Miniature Wargames Jantary 2OO2

ing only after a combined cavalry and infantry
8a la(la'" a ma! have bee n [u lile. but Somosier ra
was a different sort of legend - a legend of success in the face of enormous odds. That is \xhy
everyone under the sun tried to steal ifforthem-

selves, or discredit it.
Arriving at Buceguillas on the 29th, Napoleon
sent out cavalry patrols to ascertain the strength
and location of Spanish forces. Having interrogated a prisonei Maior Lejeune reported that the
pass was held in depth. Finding the town ot
Sepulveda held by the Spanish regularg, Napo-

leon ordered ceneral Savary and a brigade of
Fusiliels of the Cuard to storm the place during
the evening. This attack failed, and the Young
Cuard was repulsed with not insignificant losses.
During ihe night, the rallied Cuards, supported
by elements ofthe old cuard, advanced on the
town again. This time the Spaniards were overawed and fled to the town ofSegovia in the west.
With this delaying force routed, the next day
would bring the main battle.
Ruffin' division arrived at sunrise on 30th November- a foggy, cold morning fora battle. Brief
fluries of snow were observed before the mist
lilted somewhat. After takin€ Sepulveda, Napo'
leon was now at the entrance to lhe pass accompanied by the cuard cavalry and Infantry, several aideq de camp. General Mourons division
of Soults Il Corps, and Ruffin's division with its
artillery. He could see the Spanish militia and
levies (and regulars further backl perched high
at the top of the 3km road. They had not secured
their flanks, which could be got at from adiacent
hills. Napoleon ignored this possibility, and oF
dered a rapid advance to break through the Spanish positions.
The baftle began with 9 battalions of Ruffin s
division marching up the road in columni flanks
screened by a few voltigeur companies which
became involved in skirmishes with the Spanish
militia hiding among the rocks. This division did
not get very fa.t it did not have enough space to
manoeuvre or to deploy in line (as chandlersays
they did), near enough to the main body ofSpanish troops on the ridge. Further, the road was

blocked by the three 2-gun batteries, which
barred the infantry's way and blazed at them if
they got near. The whole attack was slowed by
the road which was lined on both sides with a
dry stone wall, along which, in the next phase of

the attack, only 4 horsemen abreast could
traverse. Such width requiredthe 9-battalion col-


NAPOLEONIC

sf.in|ishi|1gi||theroths'2''nfRel|ot,tfigur.poi'nedbyMnftsl.ldc'
by

Ri.hIld

umr lal

EIIis.

lea519011

melrest. made a linear deplov-

ment impo!rible
It

wa!:l

rou!

this po nt th;l \apo co| becarne fLrthe French lnlaftr!. planfed rapid ad

\ran.c had become bogged do\r'f Ceferal

h, '- m, .lr o llrc L. \r{]
ges'.ed that hc take the CLdrd lrtanrry around
. ll". r.\ \ot dr'rgr f' I J.e e
Guafd For so :or'. a lask \apoleon reiorted:
r\"1 ,

Wirnt. lrrr,r\si!1, \1U

rrcI r]liil

,'dr l). .il,r/1,

rlttt (ttit.ii l,.,rds He turncd ro

Id.,

i'ri

cen-aral
Nlontbruf and Colonel Pirc Befihiers aide-de
camp and told them Lo orccr rhe 80 l,olish liehl
horsemen making up hts dLri_! es.ofi to.ilake a

. ,ree L:"Le r rd. : : odt \ lro. n,t
\\ rl e orn_Fc; \.rp.reo.r
no-. be. le m, o e\plode.l | ., .,,.,' "
irl.? I rip rrr'l ri,rd( itrf ,.',/l Ttcr,. i! nl,llrir:,1 inrros\il,l.
rr.r r'4 P.l.il' He then reiterated af order fo. a

wounded LieLrLenar_r Kr;sif ski look.harqe and
led then ontc thc fourtl_ oarlcry. up the hillcnr:o
the p ateaL only two dozcn rnaie rl tirat faf
urdcr Lieutcnant Niceoiewsik. \\ ho !vas hrmsell
scrioLrsl) r,rounded Flere the remnafls wcr.
beirg oeslro)ed b! the Spar ish gLn! arcl mL,sketr_!. L.lr 2 sq uairofs oi Pclish light ho:se ara
a squ3dron olCuard Chasseur,. lif all!ome,l5Ll
mefl ed b) Cencril lonlbfun. appearei frcm
bcLo\r thc crest and, to.qether \\'irh <omc of
Rulliir s bdtt;lron<. whi(:h werc now bcgi:ning to
make hca.lwa\ near lhe pl;te:u. iniuced a pan
ickcd ilie!rt into the Sprr:sh defendcrs Thcrcsl
oJCcncra San Jr;n s corps l(r f)00 men cn.oun
re.ing the i eeing mllitia ticmselves took Ilight
dowf the :oad to l\ladriC The cavalr\' paLrsed
to r,-iorm. and thL'f continLred the pursuit tc
Buit.ago - 0 mi c5 dlstaft

llmiled atra.k on the flrst S.dnish bafte,"
Ihe 80 Pc es 5 platcors of trc ih ird rquadron of the Che!aux L6ge-s Pclo.ais. \\ere le.l

{..er,.r
o,e
it '",h.adnd..' corder ro 'r" ce ht. o -er
him and he rfd! thro\!., oIf l_ieurrr]dJrL

Dzicwano\rsk look o\ei hom Kc/iet,rlski. and

thc Poles commen.cd tieif .harge. Ea.h batter_v

ther passed decl.1ated rheir

bitler!

s sa

r.rnk<: the

fl|si

vo.au!ed greai coniusior b!t the

positjon \rns takef Ne.\: lind:ng rhernscl,"cs
oeing ercianeered D\ the seconci rartcry the
Pcles .hargcd on sportaneousl,i At the thjrd
bdlr-'\ 1. l\( .l dlr- | r 'eo . ed J ..
than 50". srreneth Dzic!,,ano\\ski fell morLarrr

oi the battle still gi!es that credlt ro KorielutsKr

l'- q,.-,1 o (on aldL,
t'Ippr d,
.ejr,.ruh ', h. ebrt e," "erld.eod.por
fcnt a ro e as he dclcribed in his memorrsl

]\loNlbfun, Lubienski ljn the se.ond uave). dnd
others claii"ned to la!c 't.lcr S.rrosir'r',!. What

re|rards \!ere be!to\\'.i on these m€n]

Nie.qole{ski is still be ieved to have recclled
Napoleo. s olfn Legrcn of Hono!r u,hiic lring
wo!ndcd at Somo<i€ffa This iike thc.:l: ms of
thc glor! hunters. is an embelilshment of the
I l- Hr qo , rr,dr n.l .. tlF. 1i-

'o.-. b, ' clLr o, .. D erdn \..t rcrjf

're

ly Poli!h ind r! id ual Tenlioned b) name ihe
accorint of Ihe cha'gc ir Napolecn s Thirrcefrn
Army llulletin He !\'as not awarded a posthumous
Legron ot Honour it bejng seen as rlastciul to
on

recoqnrse a dead hera

l;F o.;.el.r Io- Repin-er , -.noiFr',
\as prornoted srraight hom the Young io rhe old
Cudrd as

a

€eslurc oi ihanks b) the Emperof That

odl ee l b r'ed h, c.,re | , l_iror're
qrentl! used Cuard Cavalr\' formation ano rne

Aftormath of e loopnd
Afler seven minutes the Iirst chaige was over Of
Ihe 30 men nvclled. b{r rere killed orwo!nded
includire all crghr officers In all. the FrcnLh sidc

suffered about J00 .asualt cs the Spafrsh 100
k :led ;nd r\cunded. rr.i refhaDs anotier l()0
.:pture.l Lieut--.;ni Dzie$ano\!skr died of h s
!!ounds in early Decenber 1508 ir rhe con\'eri
oi Sanf; Nlaria .i Atlochr, N4.orld. lt was he rrho
lF ' ee ' \un 'F r.' lel l"' er_r d
".1 ed

one ro5t oiten entrulted ,,rith protectjne Ihe
Emperors person Thc road Io Niadrid uas.orv
open and on 1 Decernbef the Spanish surren-

d-r d le.,n "l " ,

be."-,, ia l cr 'F)

had nc hope oi holdlng it N€verrheless rhc
-mp, ro \d-...
c.l.DtLL qlo or-{-l-ol

lh, 'o .\ ' o ra . ir p o ori- r 'ot, q- eoime
' r;eeo\ lq cco l o'rl,lecul ( tr'l-J.ler
had beef led b)' Ceirera Nlontbrun

lllonibrun
had of corrse led the relnfor.enenls t'Lrr rfe
hard work h;d been done

b) Dziew;nowski

lMiniature Wargames No. 224


Fnrncq Fnoased

Spanish Defenders (San Juan)
Sepulveda Ga.rlson

5 battalions of Spanish regulars from Cranada

4 squadaons of Glrard Chasseurs ;r Cheval 1600
men)
I battalions ofLight Infantry 6 battalions of Line
Infantry (Ruffin) (7,000 men)
2 foot batteries {12 guns)

13,100 menl

Unknown Regular Cavalry Regiment {2 squad.ons;
200 men)

I foot battery of6 guns

Wargaming Somosierra Pass

Somoclerra Pas6
Inlantry Regiment Reina

battalions; 1,200 men)
Infantry Regiment Corona {2 battaiionsi 1,200
(2

men)

Infantry Re€iment Cordova (2 battalions; 1,200
men)

lst Voluntarios de Madrid (2 battalions;

1,520

men)

2nd Voluntarios de Madrid t2 battalionsi 1,520
men)
Voluntarios de Sevilla

ll

battalion; 760 men)
Principe Cavalry Regiment (2 squadrons; 200
men)

Volunlarios de Madrid Cavalry Regiment

{2

squadrons; 200 men)
Militia Battalion (600 meni
Toledo Militia Battalion 1600 menl
3 foot batteries of 2 guns each
I foot battery of l0 guns
Alcazar

French Attackers (Napoleon)
Sepulveda Assault
6 battalions ofYoungcuard Fusiliers (3,420 menl
2 baftalions olOld Cuard Crenadiers ll,l40 menl
2 battalions of Old Cuard Chasseurs ll,140 menl

Sonoslefta Pass

The Polish Light Horsemen were armed with sabres and 2 Distols each {and carbines, butnotfor
officers, and not during the charge]. Lances were
only issued in December 1809. Polish uniforms
were of the campaign style I czapkas covered with
oilskins, all plumes removed, and lapelsfastened
across the chest to hide facings. The Spanish
assortment of firearms: muskets, blunderbusses,

arquebuses, matchlocks. Their uniforms were
equallyvaried: regula! peasant, militia, etc., and
can be found in any Peninsular Uniforms book.
This action is best played as a large skirmish
game, rather than as a battle. The positions of
the skirmishing mjlitias should be hidden until
the French jnfantry stumbles on them. The road
should slow movement considerably due to fog,
thegradient, the walls, the militia ski.mishers on
the flanks, and its lack of width. suggested figures forthe action at sepulveda are: 100 French
Young Cuards, 30 Cuard Grenadiers, ?0 Guard
chasseurs, 95 Spanish regulars, 6 Spanish cavalry with 3 guns. suggested figures for the main
battle are:400 French infantry, 18 Polish lancers,
l8 chasseurs, 6 F.ench guns, 35 spanish militia,
50 Spanish levies (70 in reselvel, I00 Spanish
regulars lall in reserve), 12 Spanish cavalry (in
reserve),8 spanish guns. Figures are widelyavailable in all scales and from numerous manufac-

squadrons of Polish Light Horse (600 menl

tuaefs.

T

he Poles go lfi! Delails as oppositz. Photographg bg

Rkha

J

anuary

2002

as how much dama€e they can

inflidl.

militias and levies were poorly armed with an

4

Miniature Wargames

The charge can be simulated by giving the cav-

alry impetuousness tests and hi€h morale valuest this should enable them to have a good go
at breaking through. The Spanish will be shaken
byany bold Polish manoeuvre. They do not have
jmmediately poor monle (they are stubbomly
defendin€ their countryl, but when thrcatened
by a cavalry charge their ability to fom squares
is negligible. The spanish playershould carefully
marshal his reserves of better quality troops.
Once the main battery is taken though, morale
must be reflected as very brittle. The spanish
should aim to delay the French as long as possible (victory conditions should reflect this, aswell

Ellls.

Sources
Bumham, Robert (20011, Souosiena, the Charge of
lhe Polish Liqhl Hots2. lhftp://www napoleon series.
org/article9tars/somosierra.cfm

).

chandler, David (1995l,lhe Cadpaigns ol NawLon
( London: weidenfeld and Nicolson).
Haythomthwaite, Philip and Chappell, Michael
ll996l, Unilorms ol the Peni,rs!14l w4rs lLondon: Arms
and Armour),
Karpowicz, Michal and Filipiak, Miroslaw (1995),
Elita iazdg polskiei lwarszawa: Bellona).
Lysiak, waldemar (1998), Napol€ori4y'd ichicagoowarszawa: Andrzei Frukracz).
Maughan, stephen E. (19971, Napoleo^\ lnryisl
cudld (l,ondon: windrow 6 Creene).
Nieuwazny, Andnei 999), MA z Napoleonem
(wroclaw: wvdawnictwo Dolnoslaskie).
Nosworthy, Brent (19971, Rat e Tacti.s of Naryleon
ahd hisE emies lLondon: Constablel.
smith, Digby I I 998) , The creehhill Napoboni. wa$
Dat Booft flondon: creenhill Bool.sl.


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Miniatule Wargames No. 224


The Wounded Knee Campaign 1890-91
THE DREXEL MISSION / WHITE CLAY CREEK FIGHI 3OTH DECEMBER 1890, AND
OTHER MINOR ACTIONS
PART III

-

hy Robin G. Thompson of Lancastet Wargames Club

''E\rerqlhinq thal nlen @uld do they did

Armv Fnrceq

Ceneral John Pope remarking on the courage
of the Buffalo Soldiers during the lndian Wars.

The companies

Events leading to the action

series. ll is not certain that Maior Whiteside or
the olher ofticers \rere there, the Holchkiss cannon are not mentioned in the accounts of the
Iighting, so perhaps they were nottaken, butthen
again, they are listed in the army records as havin€ been present The gth Cavalry companies and
officers, are given in the account ol the fi€hting

On the morning of the l0th December rhe units
of the 7th and gth cavalry regiments, who had by
then returned to the Pine Ridge Agency, saw
smoke rising in the direction of a small Mission
House some four miles distant. This structure no

longer exists, and it is not marked on modern
maps, but the area in which it probably stood is
indicated on lhe map provided in part ll of this
seriesofanicles. Colonel Forsyth ofthe 7th Cavalry, took eighl companies of his regiment to investigate. On arrival at the Drexel Mission, he
found that the Indians, who had set fire to some
small outbuildings, \vithdrerv up the narrow valley called white CIay Creek, flanked by steep
bluffs on both sides. Neglecting to send out any
scouts to checkthe occupancy ol the heights on
eitherside, Forsyth followed the retiring hostiles
down the valley with his entire force, whiah was
organised into two sections

The course of the fighting

ofthe 7th Cavalry were identical
to those listed at wounded Knee part Il ofthis

Indian Forces
Once again, there is no indication ofthe number
of lndians present and few names of those in the
fight seem to have been recorded. Black Elk was

there, reportedly he did a bravery run to draw
the soldiers fire and was wounded in the process. He was helped off the battle site by an old
Indian known as Protector

Suggestions for Wargaming
The valley floor is about one kilomerre wide, with
sides which are too steep to climb in most places
except at lhe mouth of the valley. This is shown

on the map provided. Though the historic troop

When the Forsyth s force we.e in the valley, Sioux

positions are not known, the map covers the

began to appear on the bluffs and fired heavily
into lhe ranks ofthe 7th Cavalrymen The situation had all the makings of a typical lndian ambush. One section was soon under severe fire,
and was effectively pinned into cover by it. The
other could not easily join the first, due to the
weight of fire. Forsyth tried to break out, but the
fire was too heavy, and the slopes too steep for
lhis lo work Even relrearing rhrough rhe fire !Las
not possible as the men had dispersed into what
liftle cover they could find, and in any case, the
wounded would have been abandoned, and a

ground over which the action was fought, so one
can get an impression ol the te.rain. The Drexel
Mission house was some four miles from P;ne
Ridge and the lightingtook place a little distance
beyond this.
The Indian player can be told that he has a
group of controlled Indianswhich are deliberately
trying to lure the army into a !rap. Let the Indian
player hide any proportion of his figures amongst
the bluffs on either side of the valley. c;ven the
discomfiture produced on an army force which
musr have numbered about 120, Iwould presume
that the Indians must have had a sizeable force,
although once again most of them can only have
been relatively poody armed for the period. lf
l0% are armed with repeaters, 20% count as well

hail of bullets would have had to have been
passed through. During one stage of the fighting,
Captain Varnum led Company B of the 7th in a
successful charging counterattack to cover the
withdrawal of other companies
The gth Cavalry battalion under Maior Henry
atthe Pine RidgeAgency and stillrecovering from
its previous all night 50 mile ride, heard the firing and moved to support Forsyth. Arriving at the
mouth of the valley at I 30pm, Henry saw what
needed to be done. The blufls were climbable
from the mouth of the valley, with those on the
eastern side being passable even for mounted
troops. Henry assigned two mounted companies
{l and K). underCaptainWri€httocleartheeast-

ern bluf{s and two companies operating dismounted lD and Fl under Captains Loud and C S
Stedman, to do the same on the west. These attacks were successful, and the 7th to its credit,
warmly congratulated the black soldiers, who,
\!ith only half the strength of the 7th, had come
to their rescue. The lndians retreated when the
Buflalo Soldierc arrived.
Miniature Wa.games January 2OO2

armed bands and the remaining 70% count as
poorly armed bands this will probably give the
correct effect The Army side must be told that
the Siou\ are on the warpath and will lerrorise
the.ountryside by burning more houses,
churches etc. unless they are stopped. Again, the
need for haste, in case the lndians get away into
the Badlands, where they would be almost impossible to catch, should be stressed.
As the 7th Cavalry approach the smoking Mission buildings, the umpire should get them to
rolla D20 each turn, butwithout telling them what
it is for; indeed if the players ask, iell them that
it;s an accident or stra€gler roll. The result of the
die rollisin factthe numberofcm /incheswhich
the lead unit can see intothe ravines / brush etc.
where Indians may be concealed thal turn. It any
are spotted they must be put on table. lf Forsyth
decidesto send troops alongthe top of the bluffs

give them a bonus of six onto their roll because
of their superior vantage point.
Details of the combat ratings and company
organisation of the gth cavalry companies can
be found in the previous article about the attack
on Major Henry's wagons. The 7th Cavalry details
are in the previous article on Wounded Knee.
The gth Cavalry should arrive ten moves after
the first firingon the 7th Cavalry commences. You
can either make the 9th deploy as jt did histori("lly or give the pldyerr5r lhe option ol (hanging
this.

Consequences of the
engagemenr
one corporal lwilliam o. wilson) ofthe 9lh cavalry rvas awarded the congressional Medal of
Honour for his bravery in the fight. The 7th lost
one man killed, one officer seriously wounded
who would die later, and five other ranks
The combination of the carnage at Wounded
Knee and the ambush after the Drexel Mission
fight convinced Brigadier ceneral Nelson Miles
to have Fors)'th relieved of his command and a
court of inquiry was set up. Though Miles claimed
that Forsyth had disobeyed Miles orders not to
intermingle troops and Indians, the court found
thar Foryrh had d( Led conectly and he was reinstated as Colonel of the 7th.

The Indians Surrender
[4osl oI the Indians who were

still 'at large off

the agencies were encamped on White Clay Creek
some l5 miles to the north ofPine Ridge Agency.
There were some 4,000lndians here. Miles had a
first ring of 3,500 troops thrown around it, supported by another 2,000 further out. The troops

began at a respectlul distance and gradually
moved closer During this time Miles negotiated
on the basis of assurances of safety from attack
and consideration ofgrievances. As usual the lndians were divided over what to do so small
groups slipped awayfrom thecamptothe agency
overthe next two weeks.

The Skirmish near Little Grass
Creek January 1st 1891
Brief details
on the day following the wounded Knee massacre, companies K and F of the 6th cavalry were
pursuing an army estimated 300 Brul6 Siour
across the white River They were apparently
successful in turning back the party of lndians
towards the Pine Ridge Agency, from a position
near the point where Little Grass Creek flows into
The White River in South Dakota. The lndians
were endeavouring to move into lhe Badlands


rgth

CENTURY

lndians .Iose in, WlIl the 9th

ative lft tlme? Mainlg 25fifi Dlxon Miniatwes

area. The force was led by Captain John B. Ke.r
otCompany. Company K also contained 2nd Lieutenant Robert L. Howze. There may, in fact, have
been only K Company at the engagement since
only it is listed on the army record of engagements.lt would seem odd, though, thatmen from
both the above two companies had members
cited for medals. Perhaps some men from one
company were temporarily attached to another
company?
It is implied that the Indians atracked the pogition of!ompany K in one of the (itations since
Sergeant Fred Myers of this unit was cited for
holding his position against superiorforces with
only five men. During the action, company Fcame
to Ks assistance, having to cross the partly frozen White River in the process. For leading this
movement lst Lieutenant Benjamin H. Cheeve.
and Sergeantloseph F Knightofcompany Fwere
given Medal cjtations. It is likely that Cheever was
in command ofcompany F. One ofthe Corporals
citations says that the lndians who were repelled
from the army s defensive position, were then
pursued for a considerable distance.

Note on the location
A map of the area around what I believe !o oe
this confluence is provided, though the modern
named Little Grass Creek is in fact today a tributary of Grass Creek, which in turn is a tributary of
the White River. I have therefore assumed that
the correct spot is the confluence of modem-day
crassCreekand the White River. The precisespol
at which the conflict took place is not cleat but
once again the map provided shows at least the

from the colle.tiofl of Pa,'i.'ft Stalflrod. photogtaphg bg Richa'd Ellis.

nature ofthe terain in the aaea. The route taken
back to the agency at Pine Ridge by the lndians
is nol menlioned, thou€h it would have been in
a generally southerly direction; due to the extremely rugged terrain to the due south, itwould
seem likely that they went either up the White

River and then up White Clay Creek, or, up
Wounded Knee Creek.

Note on sources
The only sources which I have for this are a series of Medal of Honour citations and the bare
bones ofthe army record of engagements. As the
citations dating to this campaign have had serious doubts cast on them as a result of later research, this source cannot be considered to be
reliable. However it is almost the only one available, so there is no alternative but to use it.

Suggestions for Wargaming
The figure of 300 Indians may not of course be
accurate (whats new?) but if we assumed that
there were 200 all told of which one rhird might
be waffiors with the usual mixture ofwell armed
and poorly armed types, then I feel that we are

at least not being unreasonable. Company

K

could be leading the advance down a shallow
valiey across which the white river meanders
wildly, with F company some D6 + 5 moves to
the rear when the action opens. The 200Indians
(40lndian wargames figures ofwhich only l4 are
wanior figurect suddenly appear our of a ravine

orfrom round

a bend sorne distance ahead. The
leading armycompany can be in March Orderand

can be considered to have instructions to force
the Indians back the way they have come. Due
to the very cold vr'eather and season neither
sides mounts would be in good condition.
The white River should be fordable only with
difficulty and only at certain places, which neither side should knovr' at the start ofthe engagement. The game organiser/umpire should have a
map showing the river divided up into l0 to 16
sections and the % chance ofgetting across safely
al each spot (dn be determined by rolling a pail
of % die and adding 20% in each case. The Indians, being more despe.ate, maybewillingto take
more chances in this respect. so 1 suggegtthe followin€ procedure each time a unit comes up to
the river The game organiser rolls a D6 in secret.
lf a I is rolled, the player whose unit wishes to
cross is told a fairly lar€e fib about the likelihood
ofcrossing the riversafely. In this case make the
reported ease of crossing 30% more likely than
the actual percentage. On a roll of 2 exaggerate
to the extent oa l5%. On a roll of 3 or 4 tell the
playerthe truth about the real percentage chance
of crossing safely. On a roll of 5 tell the player
thatthe chance of cfoss ing safely is l5% less than
it really is. On a roll of 6 make the river seem l0%
worse than it reallv is. To illustrate this with an
example: If the real percentage chance of crossing safely is 56 % and the secret die roll is a 6
thenthe player is told that the percentagechance
of crossing safely is only (56-30) = 26%. If the
playeris desperate, and actually has to risk crossing here, each figure is rolled for against the real
chance ofcrossing safely, i.e. 56% or underallows
a figure to cross safely. If a figure lails to cross
safely then there is a 50%chance thatthey drown
underthe ice orthey may just have given up and
nust wait a turn on the bank before eithertrying

Miniatuie Wargames No. 224


again or moving elsewhere. Parts of army units
which are cut oif from their commanding officer
by this eflect count as detachments until reunited
and must roll on the detachment table each turn
until reunited with their commander or b.ought
undercommand by another officer lndian Croups
are unaffecfed.
There should be spa rse clu sters of Cottonwood
trees in the valley bottom, with denser patches
where indicated on the map provided. There

should also be some scrubby and stunted
Ponderosa Pines on the valley sides dotted
aboul lhe lo(ation ol a lew marure gtdnds dre,
once again, shown on the map. The banks ofthe
river should count as hard coverfor figures stand'
ing at the wateis edge, since they act like breastworks. A wide table is needed ora floatingtable
edge since there is no reason why the Indians
should not be allo\red to go around the army if
they can manage to cio so.
Perhaps the only chances the Indians mayhave
to evade the army isto risk the rivercrossingsj or
to use the warrio.s to delay the army while the
women and children make good their escape.
Splilting up is also a good idea for rhe Indians,
as this is always the cause of difficulties if the
Army units try todo it Of course the Indian player
may not be clever enough to think of this. The
Indian playercan beasked beforethe game stans
wherher ihe) $ould rather have: one big waniol
group of l4li€ures, two ofseven figures ortwo
grolrps of five and a four The non combatants
should be treated similarly.
Any lndian unit whose medicine is broken (includin€ the noncombatantsl is driven back offthe
table towards the Agency. The Army win if no Indians escape offthe table end at which the army
started the game Any other result is an Indian
victory.

Anotherway to set up the encounteris lo give
the Army and the lndian player-teams a copy of
the map provided each. Ask each side to mark
their intended rcute on the map. The lndians
have to start at the foot (South) of the map and
to exit off the top lNorth) ofthe map, en route to
join friends and rclations in 'The Stronghold . The
Army can be told that a band oflndians is known
to be moving north through this a.ea and they
are to patrol it, turn ing the 'hostiles' back torva rd s
Pine Ridge ifat all possible. AllowtheArmy playe.
to enterthe areacovered bythe map form either

the South-west corner (moving along White
Riverl, or, by the South-east corner lMovingalong
Wounded Knee Creekl. lt is possible to run the
thing as a mini-campaign, but if you are not feel'
ing like a lot of record keeping etc., or if you want
to get to a table-top game quickly, then take in
their maps, tbrow the concept of time out of the
window, and declare that they spot each other
wherever their lines of travel first intersect. A
tabletop encounter can then be set up. when

usine the map for this. remember rhat at a
l:100,000 scale there is not much terrain detail
shown. what is on the map are only the gross fea'
tures, so add plenty of smaller features, such as
gullies. roak outcrops, groves of trees, small
ridges etc.
Note, For the last three smallactions of 1890-

9l I havenotgiven mapsorasmanydetails.This
is

partly for reasons ofspace and partly because

little seems to have been recorded about them.
Nevertheless, they can make interesting small
games.

Attack on a Wagon Train and
Escort January 6th 1891
"

Ma mother tried to keep

me at home , beaause although I

C.awlry trap?ed lfi tfie ealleV.25mm figxres, mainlA Dimns, from the .ollecfion of
l\4iniatuie Wargames January 2002

Pattlk Stalnrod.

horv, ny waund was not all healetl
aet. But I would ot slaat tor, alter what I had seen dt
wouhded Knee, I wanled a thane to hll soldiers
could walk and ride a

-

Black Elk in "Black Elk Speaks by lohn C.

Neihardt.

Brief details
Some time in early,anuary about 60warriors left
the o-ona-gazhee stronghold - (an elevated plateau in the Badlands where many frightened Indians were staying] - in order to harass soldie.s

which were thought to be coming to attack the
stronghold. The took a route down Crass creek
to the Smoky Earth (now known as the white
River) and crossed it before riding along itdownstrearn. They then saw a group of wagons and a
cavalry escort from alittle hill. Perhaps theythemselves had been spotted, because the wagons
were already beingconalled toprepare fora fight.
A portion ofthe Indians, including Black Elk, who
recountsthis, dismounted and crept upon a party
of soldieN who were taking some horses clown
to a creek forwater Black Elkasked his comrades
to fire on the soldiers while he stole some ofthe
horses. They did this. Althoueh Black Elkinitjally
got seven horses, two were shot, More cavalry
then appeared from furtherdown the riverand a
hard running Fight commenced. The Indians fled
back into the Badlands in order to rcturn to the
plateau stronghold the next day. The army gave
up pursuit in the difficult terrain ofthe Badlands.
Black Elk recalls that two of his compatdots were
named Red Willow and Long Bear The exact location and details ofthe army force do not seem
to be recorded. Though it is hard to be sure, it
probably took place a few miles to the North-west
of where the Little Grass Creek skirmish took

Photography bg Ri(hLrd EIIis.


1gth CENTURY

CUSS CBEEI SIHMI$| t" fAl{mil 1891
North: tlt
kilometre
vr = Cr€eks entering sink holes $& = Very steep stopes
Key:
\ =Rivers ?l = Largest areas ofcononwood trees t = Dense mature pine tree stands
+ - Area offighting (approximate)
\ = Creek ;/' = Moderate slopes

ISE

LImt

Sccle: I centimetre =

1

Notes: Most ofthe arca is heavily covered with gullies. The'rrables" are flat topped mesas. All gotmd
up-slope of any hachure line from a creek is undulating or rugged; only the valley floon being level
ground. The precise location ofthe fighting is unclear.

tt l/

The Badlands

\VL
N.\
F

}N
L

Dog Table

\.i

\\

I
o Prne Rrdge Agetrcy
via White River and
Wlite Clay

To Little Grass Creek

Miniature Wargarnes No, 224


19dT GEI.ITURY
place which is described immediately above. The
map provided for that skirmish gives an idea ol
the terrain in this area.

The Death of Lieutenant Casey
January 7th 1891
Brief details
Because of the successes of the Indian Scouts,
Lieutenant Casey had obtained permission to
enlist a whole company ofthem to be trained as
soldiers. This was set up in late 1889 with Lieutenant Cetty as the second officer attached to the
unit. There were cenainiy sufficient recruits Iorth,
coming alleager for the chance of paid work and
to get off the reservation. William Rowland was

the interpreter in the unit, his half breed son
Willis Rowland was the first sergeant
In 1890 this scout unit was sent to the area of

the Chost Dance disturbances. After the

Wounded Knee incident, the company of scouts
was senL nearer to the scene of the trouble. This
took them close to the Sioux village at No WaLer
Creek on Januarv the 7th 1891. On arrival at the
village, Lieutenant Edward H. Casey wanted to
enter the village in order to attempt to persuade
a group ofSioux to surrendea Casey was leading
a group of Northern Cheyenne lndian scouts at
the time, but was shot in the ba.k at close range
and killed by one of the Sioux a young Brul6
called Plenty Horses. This took place afterCasey
had talked pleasantly with the young lndian, had
shaken his hand and had tumed his horse to ride
away. It was an unprovoked attack. Presumably
this took place near to white Clay Creek; !he army
record simply cites 'Pine Ridge Agency as the
site. There is a mode.n creek called No Water'
on the Pine Ridge Reservation, possibly this is
the same one, but the actual site is unknown.
From a war€amer's point ot vie\y the incident
can be used to try out an Indian versus lndian
action - iust assume a larger but less well armed

group of Brul6s, and a smaller, but uniformly
Springfield carbine armed band ol Cheyenne
Scouts.

Plenty Horses was later tried for murdef, but
acquitted by a Federaljudge on the grounds
rhal d .rdre of war e\i.red ar the time ot lhis dction The evidence about the state of war was
was

mainly provided by lhe teslimony of Captain
Frank D. Baldwin, who was sent to testif! by fvliles.
Thus, Baldwin, a close friend of the deceased
Casey, was .equired, by his employer, to testify

to allow Caseys killer to be acquitted. Plenty
Horses had been forced to attend the now notorious Carlisle Indian Eoarding School, an institution where young Indians were taken from their
pa.ents, then made to dress, eat, talk and do
e\eryrhinq elle in rhe manner oa middle cla.s
white children. They were beaten iffound speak-

ing to each other in their native tongue. Clearly
in the case of Plenty Horses this treatment, meant
to turn the Indian boys into something as close
to White boys as possible, failed to eradicate
Plenty Horse s feelin€s towards Whites.

The Culbertson Ranchers'
Ambush January 11th l89l
Brief details
Noter I am indebted to South Dakota State His'
toricdl So(iel) [or lheir assislanLe in findin€ information about this incident.
Though by this date most of rhe Sioux had
given up and had returned totheAgencies, there
were still small groups out across the countryside.
It seems likely that many of these were simply
out hunting or had decided to put distance between themselves and allthe trouble in orderto
protect themselves. Possibly these groups were
out of touch with the recent events. One such
group consisted oftwooglala Sioux families travelling together They were retuming to the Pine
Ridge Agency from a hunting trip in the Black
Hills. They travelled wilh two wagons loaded with

meat. Possibly they had additional horses or
ponies tied to the back of the wagons in addition to their two horse teams They had a 'pass
out' chit from the agency allowing them to go
hunting. When near Bear Butte they were ambushed by some white men led by three rancher
brothers with the surname Culbertson. The motive fo. the attack is unclea., perhaps the lndians
were seen as a threatt perhaps they had been

thought to have stolen or killed some of the
rancher's stock; or perhaps the rancheis simply
wanted to kill lndians. lt is recorded that one of
the Culbedsonc had prevrously served in a penitentiary, so possibly they were rough types .
The initial result of the ambush was that one
family head called Few Tails was killed, both the
ponies attached to Two Tails wagon were killed.
and the two wives in the group were both badly
wounded. Few Tails wife had two serious bullet
wounds in her leg and breast; she had iumped
off the wagon before being shot and she lay on
the ground overnight. Next morning she found
one of the Indian s ponies, mounted it and
reached a settlers house about 15 miles away.
Here she was driven away bytwo men armed wilh
rifles, losing the pony in the process. She made
for Pine Ridge, making the I00 mile trip despite
her wounds; not daring to go to any other white
dwellin€s for help, and rravelling mainly at night.
The other family consisting ofa man called one
Feather his wounded wife and twochildren managed to .each the Rosebud Agency. This was accomplished by one Feather at first getting off his
wagon in order to ride on one of the e\tra ponies

and holdingoffthe pursuingwhites from his tami
ly's wagon for eight to ten miles. During this flight
their route passed a house from which othershots
were fired at the fleeing Indians. Eventually the
family s wagon $as abandoned since lhe ponies

could not continue to pull it at speedi the two
children were then placed on one pony and the
two adults on another Sometime after this the
whites gave up their pursuit. Unfortunately one
account states that this second family had their
infant child die ofstarvation en route back to the
agency. (Another account says all got back-)

The Culbertson brotheB were put on t.ial for
the killing of Few Tails but were acquitted, largely
because the trjal of Plenty Horses (see above)
had set a precedent that a state ofwar existed at
$le time.
The location of Bear Butte is not described,
otherthan it is implied that it was about 100 miles
from Pine Ridge. The only Bear Buttewhich I have
come across is the quite famous volcanic moun-

tain landmark on ihe nonh-eastem tip of the
BIack Hills. This location is about 100 miles from
the north-western edge ofthe Pine Ridge lndian
Reservation of 1890, though it is about 140 from
the Pine Ridge Agency. The high ground of the
Butte and the Black Hills to the south is all cove.ed in pine trees, except forsome areas ofbare
rock on the steepest slopes. The lower ground
to the north is undulating grassland. one of the
benefits of this scenario is that so few figures are
needed.

Conclusion to the Wounded
Knee Campaign
The last Indians came onto the agency on the l5th

of lanuary l89l when Kicking Bear, the Chost
Dance apostle, laid down his rifle in front of Ceneral Miles. The cordon ol troops was maintained
for a few months, with the last oI the additional
rroops which had been brought in being dispersed in March. Thus er\ded '-lhewountled Knee
Anpaign".
Controve|sy continues aboutthe large number
of Medals of Honour awa.ded to soldiers who
participated in the campaign, and those who
fought at wounded Knee Creek itself, in panicular.

''when I looh bach now lran this hiqh hill ol na old aqe , I
can see the bukhered u)omeh and thilArcn laihg teaped
anl1 tcattered ill alonq lhe cnoked guLh as plain as I sav)
lhen wilh eaes still Uounq. And I eah see lhal somethin|
else died there in the blootlu tnud, and was buied in lhe
blirzad. A people s drcafi died therc. lt nas a beautilul
-l
dream.'lhe nalia s hoap is brchen an[ scattered. here is
and
lhe
sa.led
Uee
is
dead.'
no centrc anA longel

- Black EIk, oglala holy man talking in the afteF
math of wounded Knee.

IIIID0IIilINT ANNOI]NOIIIIIJNT
The February

Edition of

MINIATURE
Wednesday 9th Janu ary 2002

l\riniEture Wargames January 2002

will

be on

sale

ear$!

Don't Miss It!


EARLY zoth CENTURY

Flying High
by Amos Burke

paint it now, also put a piece of tape round one
end of each section to help with counting the elevation.

I have been playing ariel wargames for several
years now, mainly WWI but also W\VII, and I find
the main problem with the ariel game is how to
give a quickand easy way to representthe height
difference between aircraft .
Mostsets of rules use markers ordiscs to indicate the height. I find this system does not give
you the visual lookan arielgame needs.
AIso I noticed children find it hard to playwhen
all the aircraft are the same height.
There are a few ways to get around this problem by using adjustable stands.

Angled section
To allow the aircraft to be nose up or down, you
need to make an angled section.

Cut an inch piece of each rod. Slightly bend

the l/Sth piece to about 45'and push in the

l/

l6th piece and fix.
Model and Base
You now have to fix a piece of
the underside of your model.

the l/l6th rod to

A piece of lhe l/sth rod goes into the base.

I

use a metalbase that measures 2-inch squareand

l/2 thick, which can suppon a lead model at i8
inches hj€h
You can use each height section to represent
either I 00s of feet or I 000s of feet, depending on
the .ules you are using.

"4
Rules
I have written my own set of

rules,

Dam Celman

Fo[[?rsl which coverall aspects of WWI aircom-

6anhihg

tlat:
Dogtighting
Bombing
Balloon busting
Reconnaissance

miss out on one thing. When aircraftwere in com-

bat, they did a fair amount of diving, climbinc
and banking,and lhave notyetseen astandsystem that allows you to do this.

Campaign rules
Data sheets
chase wa.games club have used this game as
a panicipation game overthe lastyear I have had
great comments about the rules and stand

I have now worked out a way to do this by
u5ing d 5tand that is mdde up of interlo(king sec
tions With the interlocking sections, you can

have as many, or as few, sectjons as you need
and you are never leh wiLh any rods 5ti(king up
in the air
The sections are also very easy and cheap to

.Iimbing

make.

l.

Telescoplc stand
This can give you a visual height difference of
between 8-20 inches.
The problem with this stand is, after a lot ol
use, the sections wearand you will find that, un'
der the weight of the model, the sections keep
falling down
2. Sliding mount
This stand has a fixed rod and a collar with a
screwattached to the model, bulyou are leftwith
the rod sticking up in the air, even when the aircraft is at a low height.
?. Crocodlle

clip

This is the same as rhe sliding mount, but you
have a crocodile clip attached to the mooer.
All these stands get the model in the air, but

How to make sections
You need one l,/l6th square brass rod (f1.20 for

a l2-inch piecel
One ll8th square rod
clue or solder
,unior hacksaw and pliers
cut both rods into 2-inch sections. Push an inch
oi the l/l6th rod into the end of the l/8th rod
and glue, solder or c.imp into place
Repeatthiswith the other five sections ofrod.
When all the sections are done, you can insen
the l/l6th end inro the open end ofthe l/8th rod,
to give you a l2-inch stand.
while the stand is back to€ether, it is best to

\rp

afigleil section
dAlng

lViniature Wargam€s No. 224


EARLY

-fhe Affios Buthe sta d in actiotl. Photognphy 69

Ritha

Ellis.

Asse 6ling the sttnds. 11144 scale Airtr.'ft ba shatrex. PhotographV 69 P.ichaftI Ellis.
Miniature Wargames Januaty 2OO2

20th CENTURY


The Miniature Wargames@ Index
The Index has been broken down into manageable bites and each then
enlarged to show extra information.
For examble:

Northumbrians l,A.edan

in

The Indices are nou auailable

this form

the

for

following period,s:

ANCIENTS

NTEDIEVAL

RENAISSANCE
rAth CENTT'RY

NAPOLEONIC

A]\AERICAN CI\rIL WAR.

Igth CENTLIRI'
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Miniature Wargames No, 224


Observations on
the Battle of Kolin
by Philip Mackie
Kolin tpronounced coe leanJ was a Prussian disagter for the reasons Mick
Nicholstates in his anicle in MW 222l3 November€, December 2001. Hopefully, as someone who has walked Kolin, I can add a few additional points
of interest for.eaders.

I

The KaiseFstrasse was the main highway from Prague to Vienna and
had been one of the few paved roads of this length in Europe
2. Frederick had observed the Austrian disposition firstly lon l7 June)
across the swoischitz lake. Fron here he could see that the Austrians
were deployed on higher g.ound in a north-south Iine. His plan was to
force march during the night of l7118lirne and turn the Austrian flank in
the hope that he could gain the advantage of high ground and push
the enemy into the Przovsky valley.
). on I8 june, Frederickobserved theAustriansfromthespireof Planian
church and later hom the Slanti Slunce In n. lt was from these vantage
points that he realised that Daun had also moved his army during the
nrgnr.

Drawing on contemporary accounts in his biography of lames Keith
'Nolhitlg But Ma staord' ,sam Coull says, ln wafte ol zeilhet\ horse &me Hulsen's
ihfAhtra, bringing canno up ta tlleir lrcnl lar an opehihg salvo, prepatutotv Lo a
serks of bagonel charges which sent the Aus?itths rceling bdch out of thei( posi5.

7.

8.
9.

The ancient earthworks and village of Kreczhorz stand on top of the
hill abour a mile from the Kaiserstrasse. The g.ound in between was
sown with cereal crops which in the l8th century grew tall enough to
hide an infantryman.
The vallev shown on Mick's mao between Krzeczhorz and Kurlitz is
actually very steep and something of a hinderance to a cavalry action.
Manstein may have been ordered to attack quickly as Frederick could
see the dust clouds raised by Austrian troops moving to reinforce the
Croats on their right flank. I believe that they attacked uphill in column
of march as opposed to line. taking heavy casualties from croats hid'
den in the crops.
The Oak wood was cut down about 130 years a€o, but most of the battlefield remains much as it must have been in 1757There is a marvellous monument to the batlle near to Krzeczhorz,

Viee, tovlards Chozeflitz afld PEercvsk| HilI. This was origikallg a sufihen rcad. Photo taften frcm iust
outside ol Rnistwi, Ioohing west.

Miniature Wargames Januaty 2OO2

'lhis mag ificent fionurnent is situated a short
walft frcfi the o .lent eatlhworhs at Krectlton.
Prctessor christophet Dulfg is i the toreground
studging hb fiaps.


STARTER GUIDE

25 nn l.ot1

poifiteri

bU

M.rll Slade.

l2nt

figures

Miniaturc Figuthr..

The Miniature Wargames@ Starter Guide to

The Soviet Army of the Great Patriotic
War and The Battle of Kursk
Readers are directed to refer to the companion article on the German Army of 1944 (MW 19213)

R:rIornrnd
\ 'c \i lor e 1

'o

"r d.

Fr !e"r d thr

.r.rlnl I to

Bd

HiIler if!aded thc Sovlet lJnion in JLrnc
begin ti! anti .ornmunisl ciusadl:. oper;rtior
llarbarossi That uas the propdganda n reaLiri. the \aris Ireatcd the llussians 5iavl. oeop es as sLrb'human! to be destro\,ed so rLeir
land.ou d be coloniled b! Cermans. To t'rc So
viets this uas alwa!s'Thc Cr€al lratrlotic Wal r:o
deiend theirhomeiard no maiter ho.,r rnuch rhcy
ma! ha,,c diiliked their fornrnUnist rulers
At tlrrt the \n7 s \rerc vr.rcr oLs..iprrring!:sr
tcrrito-J afd mill ons lr1 p.iso'lers ihroNshout ,il
Then .a e lirst tfe nrud arLl then rhe i.e o[ Ru5
sia s best Cencral \\inter Th€! ma.lethe:ca.:t!
rrrpass6ble Tl'c Cermans uere rot prepareC ro.
a '\'inter ..mpai.en. and the ir afiack s o$ed A So
!iel counter-oiiensive using hesh rroops \!rrh
df:\rrn from Slbeda. and equipped for winrer !,ariarc forced ihe Cerrnans dack ironr thc gates of

itlll A Lull fell o!'er the
a thoLrsand mile iront and both
sides pauscd to .on:ider their cpricns tcr l91l
The Russiins hnd been.aught Lrrprepared fol
\!f;t thc! knew llns.oming italin, the So!iet di.
tator chosc to ignore all the s sns of an mpendNloscor! ln Dccerrbef

t ghtlng

a.:o!!

lng Cermaf attack

rLpcd 'Fl"dr.

f!fthermore ln lrlld he haC

o I.R..\n\

le,i1e

\':sI So!iet lorccs witiout effecfive leadelshlp
tho!91^ thrs ceftainiy conrribut€d rc rheir.lefeats

rhe
A

in lq,l , nii had rot bccn lost Crevo!s rhough
their losse5 in rncn an.l teffilor1l \,.ere R!ssia stil
had rnr lirn! lclt an.l had been:ble to elacuate
man\ v tel armanrc.ti fa.rories to rhe safer\ ofihe

tlra rlo!ntains

What \\as reeded fow \'"as lime

Io rebuild and rc Lctuip Even !,rorking nro!ncl the
clo,:k, near ! r )car wou d be requifed beiore the

P.d \ r \

Il,l . \' .r Lrirl "boLr rb-r"t s

l-e

ronq.rcredareasof theUSSR Rirsslasallics tsrii

.rd.adr-,..r r-.e.-1..j =-,rn.-nd- Jn c\

but nct enougir to make; cru.ia dlffcrcn.c For
the USSR, I on2 \'ould have to b.' a !carof hol.ling

lof ihc Ccrmans too. 19,12 would be crLrcial
Thc) worc fot fow strong eno!qh io a{ack across
lhe !\ hole ironl and so insteaci cnose to attack in
the south tow;rds lhe caucasus ar€a to se.lre
Its vital o:l Field! lf the! cou d do this the Soviet
lrilitaa../ macirine \!ould g;rnd to a ha i for ack oi
fLel and Hitler would h.:ve al hc ncedeo
History re.alls \\hat happcned The \azis aIta.ked. bLrt gcl drvcfted ffom iherr purpose into a
\var oi altritior ro captLrrc fhe c ty of St;lingiad. t
wrs tne decrsile battlc of thc war Tfe Soviets
dripped-if juit erough reinforcements to sfop lhe
.it! lalllng. and walted ior'Ceneral \l i.ter . Ther
cn the lcth Ncvembcr l!42. they countef-aftacked

fro . h d .urLu l-( ir, prr . er1o.gn

the ine he d

bv Cerinan! s poolly cquipped R!manjan. Hung:riirn and talian allies curtjng off

lvliniature Wargames No. 224


f.

..1

The Russian
Army of
1943

Miniature Wargames January 2002


STARTER GUIDE
Ceneral Von Paulus Sixth Army. Hitler.efused to
allow Paulus to retreat, so obsessed had ne oecome about the city that carried Stalin s name
Attempts to relieve Stalingrad, and to supply it
by air, all failed. Of the | 15,000 Cermans captured,
only 5,000 ever returned home. Hrrlers de( sion
to hold fast had one saving grace - his Caucasus

Army was able to withdraw intact. The 'Kaukasus
the Cau(asus round-trip a5
him und zuruk
the Cermans called it, was over
By the spring of 1943, the Cerman and Rus,
sian forces were evenly matched - except that

-

with time, the Russians would get stronger the
Cermans weaker Hitler needed to win in 1943,
or he would lose the war

The Kursk Campaign
The Soviet counter-attack at Stalingrad had
pushed the cermans back and created a huge
salient, or'bulge , into their lines around the city
of Kursk. The Soviets knew their fo.ces were not
yet ready to attack a prepared enemy They also
knew from spies that'pinching ouf this salient
would prove irresistible to Cerman planners, so
Russians decided to fight a defensive battle in
depth arcund Kursk. It was to become the larg,
est tank battle in history - no fewer than 6,000
tanks and 4,000 aircraft were involved.
On their side of the fence, the Cermans felt
they had nothing to hide and an ace to play their new heavy'Tiger'tank - armed with the
dreaded 88mm gun. At last they felt they had a
weapon to ouL\lass rhe Sovier T t4 lank. Kno\ ing
ofthe depth of the Russian defences, they also
developed a new tactic, the Panzerkeil'. Tnrs was
a large mobile 'wedge , with heavy tanks Iike the
Tiger and Elephant at the frcnt to take the punishment and make the breakthrough in the Soviet lines so that the faster tanks behind, llke the
Panzer 111 and panzer lV, could then exploit. The
'Panzerkeil plan had one serious flaw.ltassumed
the Cermans had superior fighting power to the
Soviet3, man for man. By 1943 this was not necessarily the cage,

The Preparations
The Russians who held the Kursk salient were
commanded by CeneralZhukov, the USSRs best
general. zhukovwas agood choice as commander
- he knew how to hold back his armour ready to
counter-attack atthe crucial moment. Zhukov nau
assembled 3,600 tanks and self-propelled antitan k guns, a force superior to the Cermans, il not
as well trained and less dashing.
The defence was well planned, too. The Sovi,
ets had brought in 500,000 railway wagons ofsup,
plies, makingthe Kurskarea a huge strongpoint.
Batteries ol \^'ell-hidden 76.2mm anti-tank guns
(as used in the T34 tankl were carefully sited to
give intedocking fire in successive'belts oroefences, each belt being protected by eno.mous
numbers ofcheap mines, allcarefully hidden. The
Cerman. (alled this sysrem the Pakkont.
The stakes being played for at Kurskwere enormous - the Soviets had 3,600 tanks, 20,000 guns,
l,?00,000 men and 2,400 aircraft in the salient, a
fifth of the Red Army. On the northern sector
alone its commander, Rokossovsky, had ordered
some 1,000 miles oftrench dug and some 400,000
mileslaid.In placesthe defences had 2,5O0 antitank, 2,500 anti-personel mines and 150 large
guns and mortars per mile of front.
The Cerman Cenerals charged by Hitler with
attacking this fortress were Hoth and Model. Their
plan for'Operation Citidel was simple. Model's
ninth army would attack intothe north ofthesalient, Hoth s founh Panzer army from the south.
Speed was vital as the Russians were known ro
be preparing for the artdck The two converging

pincers would snap out the salient and ,bag,
thousands of Soviet prisoners, destroying their
equipment - a sort of reverse Stalingrad.

The d ifference was the Russians knew what was
coming. They were ready and waiting.

The Battle
On the

,uly, the attack began. The Cermans
'th
rapidly.ommitted
all their drmoured reserves in
Russia lo the operation in a gigantic 'all or nothing gamble. lndeed, they inflicted huge losses
on the inexperienced Soviet defenders, but their
armoured assault was gradually worn and slowed
down by mines and anti'tank guns sited in deep
defensive zones.
Of the new tanks, in which the Germans had
placed so much faith, only the Tigers proved et
fective. The newer Panthers broke down, and the
Elephants - whose front armour was thicker than
a battlecruiseis - had no machine guns for their
own delence and, therefore, proved vulnerable
to determined Soviet infantry, anxious to get in
close to revenge themselves ofthe hideous cruelties carried out by the Nazis in rhe occupied
parts of the USSR. The Russians developed a tac-

tic of holding their fire until rhese monsters
passed, and then shooting them in the rearwhere

their armour was weakest.
Evenlually the Cermans penetrated l0 miles,
but were still 100 miles short of cutting off the
salient. Al !imes there were over L500 machines
milling around the open steppe battlefield, like
an old style €avalry melee fought between me'
chanical dinosaurs. At night the sky was lit up by
burning vehicles, while during the day Cerman
Stuka and Sovie! Stormovik tank-bustin€ planes
swooped over the battlefield like vultures.
In the end. Operation Citidel'was mauled toa
standstill. As the attack progressed, the Russian
reserves under Koniev, waited forthe momenrro
counteFattack. On the l2th July immediately the
Germans were halted and over-extended, the order to counter-attack was given - nothing elaborate wasattempted, iustthe simple steamrollerin€
ofan already tired enemy The Russians also sited
their attack well, directing it at the flanks of the
Cerman pincers that had penetrated into the north
and south ofthe Kursk salient.
The Soviet counter-offensive, however, took
time to get going, thanks to meticulous and cautious planning, and the inexperience in the not
yetflexible Russian Command system. Butitwas
e[[eclive. lust a< ar Stdlingrad. anolher German
army looked like being destroyed.
This time Hitler allowed retreat. He called off
his offensive, using the allied invasion of Sicily
as an excuse. By 3rd August, the Germans were
jn retreat. The pursuit thatwould end in Berlin in
April lS45 had begun.

After the Battle
Russian losses in the battle weregrievous -about
160,000 men and hundreds ofvehicles. However,
records in the Sovietera were often inaccurate for
political reasons, so it is unlikely the true totalwill
everbe known. Cerman losses: 70,000 killed, L l00
tanks and armoured vehicles, 844 field guns, I 3,J92
aircraft and 5.000 motor vehicles.

worse, ffom the Cerman point of view, than
their losses, were the restrictions the defeat
placed on them. They we.e now outnumbered.
At Kursk they fo.ever lost the initiative to the
Soviets, and with it The Creat Patriotic War. The
Cermdn army lhre$ arvay all its dd'vdntages in
mobile warfare to attack Russians on ground of
their own choosing-they flung their panzers at a
fortress. They had gambled and lost.

Organisation and Tactics
Background
In 1910, Marshal Tukhachevsky formed the first
mechanised b.igades in the Red Army. Like
Guderian in cermany, he was following the new
theories of mobile armoured warfare, developed

by the British Cenerals Hobart and Fuller in the
1920s. By 1935. Russia had 7,000tanks-the biggest'fleet in the world.

Then, between l9l7 and 1938, most of the
USSR's ablest generals, including Tukhachevsky,

were purged (i.e. shotl, by the KGB on Stalin s

- always paranoid, he feared their power
By the Cerman invasion of 1941, the Red Army
had 24,000 tanks - and no one to properly lead
them. The failure to easily beat tiny F;nland in
1939, and the disasters of 1941, showed the Red
Army had much to learn (it was in the process of
orders

reorganising when the Cermans attackedl.

Enter The T34
Luckily for the Soviets they had a war ninner already at their disposal in l94l - the Tl4 tank.
What they needed was time to produce and learn
how to best use it. {See also companion article

on the Cerman Army of 1944 for comparative
details of WWII tanks. )
The T34 was a dual purpose tank

move fast for 'cavalry

style

- built to
Blitzkrieg

penetrations-and yettough enough to support
infantry in close assaults. For its time, it represented the perfect balance of the three crucial
factors of mobility, firepowerand armour lts front
armourwas effectively as thick as any tank in the
$orld. rhanlc to the |e'volutionary weight-.a\'ing
idea ofsloping itatan angle. The Tl4 had a bigger gun than any contemporary tank, 76.2mm. It
was also mobiler it had a powerfulengine, wide
tracks forgood g.ip on snow and mud, and

a

good

suspension to take its weight (copied from an
original design by an American called Christie).
The Sovietdesign team had prod uced a realtour
de force a tank that could also be easily and
quickly mass produced.
The only problem was, its crews couldn t be
produced in the same way.
Encountering the first Tl4s in l94l cameasa
shock to the smug Germans, who hurriedly
upgunned their own tanks and began to design
new ones - the Tiger and the Panther - to take

on rhe T?4.

Soviet Strategy and Tactics
By the time of the Eattle oI Kursk, the Soviets
had'got theiract together', so to 9peak. They had
learnt to work within their limitations, and to use
theirbest strengths to their maximum advantage.
Soviet strategy was to recapture the USSR and
destroy the Germans in massive 5et-piece battles, where their numbers would tell. A war of at,
trition, no less. After Kursk, the USSR held the

initiative, and methodically and meticulously
prepared their offensives. First, Lhere would be
a tremendous artillery barra€e. followed by air
attacks and massed wave after massed wave of
assaulting infantry and tanks. When a breakthrough was eventually achieved, reserve forces
would be pushed through to exploit it, and with
strict orders not to go too farand risk an effective
enemy ambush o r counter-attack. Well supplied

partisans operated behind Cerman lines, destroying their supply columns.
There were good reasons for such methodical
attacks. Firstly, the USSR did not have enough
radio sets to allow flexible communications, so a
plan once explained had to be kept to until executed. Secondly, the Ievel of training of Soviet
soldiers was poor- many conscripts from Soviet
Asia didn't even speak Russian. Besides, the rigid
Soviet system discouraged initiative and making
on the spot decisions -those that got them wrong
would often have to answer with their lives, or
years in a labour camp Culag. The Soviets pre,
ferred to do what would work, knowing that time
and numbers were on their side.
Soviet commanderc were also hampered by
the Commissar'system. No order a military officer gave was valid, unless counter-signed by his
Miniature Wargames No, 224


'shadowing political officer This unusual system

DfY Russian Anti-Tank Gun Emplacements

was put in place during the rcvolution io ensure
the loyalty of the army to the communist cause.

Almost certainly it inhibited most officers - having to look over their shoulder all the time knowing theiractions and words were being scrutinised
by a \uspicious non-e\pert. Some commigsars
were, it must be said, compelenl, and \yorked
with their officers as a team, but many only acted
asa drag on thewhole command system. Whether
they helped maintain morale or not is a mattet
of debate.

vttropu )
The Soviets used masses of artillery support
l00mm field gunswere ba.ked by IS62mmartillery pieces and a whole array oI heavy calibre
mortars. The main anti-tank gun at the start of
the war was the 45mm, later replaced by 76.2mm
and then 85mm and l00mm models. So-called
SU machines were built - heavy guns on tank
chassis, thickly armoured at the front, that could

work as mobile anti-tank guns and artillery
pieces, albeit with a very limited gun traverse.
Equally famous was the 'Katushka - a lorry
mounted, multiple'rocket launcher. lt was nicknamed 'Staljn s Organ Pipes' after its noisy delivery tubes.
The excellent T)4/76lank has already been

described. By l94l it was having trouble dealing
with the newCerman Tigers and Panthers, and a
newversion theT?4/85, was developed. This had
a completely ne\u !urret designed to take a 85mm
gun, and thickened frontal armour Othei heavy

tanks, like the KVI were also used, and they
evolved into the slower, but heavily gunned and
a.moured, JSII and jslll vehicles. Yet the massproduced T34 remained the all purpose tank, the
Red Army's primary weapon and rhe symbol of
Soviet resistance. Stories about them leaving factories and goingstraight inro battle with the paint
barely dry may even be true.
The Soviet soldierwas used toatough life,even
before he ioinedthe Red Anny. Hewasarmed with
a rifle but more usuall) q;lh a sub-machine gun
it being faster to train him to use than a rifle. He
also had g.enades, lighr and heavy machine guns,
and a whole range of portabie mortars, the 82mm
beingthe main type used on thebattlefield. Some
ofthese e,/eapons,like the HMG, were ofold Tsarist design, but were still effective. The soviet soldier's coulage, sacrifice and determination were
legendary - he was never given a bazooka type
weapon in WWll: tank killing was done like handto-hand combat, close in wilh grenades. He rode
into battle on the back of his tanks and survived
on the meagrest of rations.
The Red Army also used tanks,like the Sherman
and the Valentine, supplied to it by its westem
allies. All such material was llngratefully received
- $hal lhe Russians reall] |eally. \eanted \ras a
'Second Front in Europe, something they didn t
get until D'Day in 1944. Pa.ticularly prized items
of western equipment were lend-lease M3 halftracked armoured personel carriers and ordinary
trucks and lorries as the Soviets didn t produce

-

nearly enou€h transport vehicles themselves.
They still also used cavalry, the arm that had secured lhe revolution by winning the Civil War
Soviet air-power had grown to be effective by
1943, as the huge losses of 1941 were replaced.

Home-built MlCs worked alongside allied donated Hurricanes, Tomahawks, Aircobras, and
other types. The Soviets also developed the
Stormovik, their answer to the Cerman Stuka. It
was a combined dive-bomber and tank-buster,

armoured on its belly for added protection
against flak. The Red Army had anti-aircraft guns,
but rarely used them in the field.

Uniforms
soviet troops all wore a standard green unifoam
Miniature Wargames January 2OO2

with brown boots (see Plate).The helmetwasfunc-

tional, and most ca.ried a blanket slung around

their torso for sleeping in. Tanks we.e painted
green overall, but whitewashed in winter Most
vehicles were identified byafive-pointed red stai
and often caried inspiring revolutionary and antiNazisiogans. Alone ofallthe maiorarmies in wwll,

BIRD'S EYE VIEW

Sovietwomen fought in the front line, often wearing the same uniform as the men. The Cossack
cavalry were allowed a greater variety ofdress to
lit their trdditions and the lear this mi€ht inspire
in theenemy. Sovietsailors foughtjn the front line
in their blue naval uniforms.
Inspired by the wise leadership of comrade
'Uncle loe'Stalin, and motivated by skilful propaganda, the Red Army became an effective fighting force, determined to revenge itself on the
fascist Cerman invaders, and to libe|ate the workers of Europe from Capitalist oppression.

Do lt Yourself Terrain
'Pakfront' System

-

.

FRONT VIEW

are dummy ones. The 'density of counters
used is up to players, butitshould beenough
to give the impression that something nasty
is lurking underthe ground other than moles.
lf completely secret mines are required, lhe
markers still have a use. Simply record the
exact measurements of where the minefield
begins and ends on paperand then placethe
markers when a mine first becomes active in
the game, i.e. when your opponent goes
haring upa road attop speed onlyto run over
one Don l laugh - I ve seen it happen

A Soviet

dominating featu re ofthe Kursk battle was lhe
Soviet defence in depth - what the Cermans
called the'Pakfront'. Such a feature is too big to
A

build as a single model, but as several small ones,
it can be set out and altered time and again to fit
a whole variety of layouts. Investing in guch reuseable models is a good use of resources, as
they can be used by most c.20th armies-

How to build 'Pakfront' models
mines and artillery scrapes

-

MINES, Mines present a bit of a problem for
gamers - normally they should not be visible.
However, this was not alwayg the case. Otten
'dummy'minefields were set up to fool enemy

ANTI-TANK GUN EMPTACEMENTS. The ideal
AT €un position had to have a low silhouette to
be as invisible as possible. In effect they were
scaapes in the ground. Heres how to make one.
You will, however, need several for your rnassed
76.2mm guns. At Kursk the Sovjets used l0 gun
batteries, all directed by one officet
Take your AT gun model. Remember you
might want to use these scrapes for largerar-

L

tillery pieces as well, so make them big

forces, and genuine minefields were often
'marked so an enemy attack would be 'canalised'
into killing zones covered by guns already preranged. Anotherproblem, is that €amers willwant
minefields of different sizes, so the solution is to
use markers, Never underestimate the power of
mines. The mere threat of them will inhibit enemy movement. An old soldier who remembers
the 'Achtu ng Minen signs of wwllwilltell you that.
L Take several small coins - about lcm diameter ones will do. Thats roughly the size of a
UK lp piece. You will need several, so lsuggestyou utilise lowdenomination coins. Coins
are healy and will stay in place much better
than card or other baseg,
2. Invest in some good modelling clay. Something like Das, or Milliput is good. what is really required is something that will sel hard

L

and stick to the coin.

Apply the modelling clay fairly unevenly to
the tops of the coins. Allow to dry.
4. Next, paint and/or flock the finished coins to
match youa baseboard. crass green is probably best, buta few bits ofearth to shovr'where
the ground has been disturbed is fine too.
5. Lay out your 'markers' to show where the
minefield begins and ends. ln games its best
to record on paper lfor later declaration and
verification), which fields are real, and which

.. jl

REAR VIEW

2.

enough to take the gun and crew you want.
Measure around the model onto a piece of
card lsee diagram).
Take your modelling clay and build a horseshoe shape around the edge ofthe card - not

Ioo high remember'Ihese are defensive

scrapes, not emplacements, The gun barrel
should be able todroop menacingiy overthe

3.

lop.
Paint the finished model. Like the mines this
should be grass green with flecks of earth turfing the emplacement front made it less
visible. More mud should show on the inside of the scrape- To aid concealment,
'branches were often added to gjve an overall'l m only a bush really'effect. Branchescan
beeasily made as described in the'Normandy
Bocage Hedgerows article, from chopped
pieces of pan-scoure., glued to twigs and then

parnreo.
Bigger earthworks can be constructed to house
tanks in 'hull-down' positions- Again, as with the
ATscrapes, make sure they?e big enough for your
vehicle models.
Finally, lay out your troops and 'Pakfront defences. Defy yourenemy to force hiswaythrough
your position into the green fields beyond. And
don t worry if he does - you have hundreds of
T34s massed off-table for a counter-attacl


MODERN

fl{lxl

Two bribed pilots lose

thei tltiftI fhght tnetniet

o

route to

tiryet. )/72 SU2rs

bV

ltalieri. Phot\grqphu bV Rkh..rd EIIis.

Miniature Wargames No. 224


Mafia Air Power
by Jim Webster

There aren t many chances to use Soviet ground
attack aircraft in a community policing role so
perhaps it might interesf players to try this one.
Cive both players the following situation report.
''you represent n Russion busi ess co sortium. Crudel|
portra|pd by the Western fiedia as nenberc ol the Russian Malia, gou ralher resentlhisslw and saoner o/ lalet
sonearc is goihg to end up as pa ol the loundalioks al
your rcv dacha. Reentll Aou have,like mahq similal
operators. Iaheh to exporTiug Anmo ium NiIroIe lerliliser ta the EU.'lhe fa(l Ihat lhis enables qou I0laundet
gour profits and con|ei then inlo ha/d cufienq sin lareouslt ,n?ans lhal il it g?ltin0la betome nn tnpar'
Iaht btanll al Uout a(Iirities.
However empelilioh has bee qelling fi?rce and thin|s
har? beeh |elting dkuJ. h1 a /&enl Gse, ane nmpanu
stipped 30,000 lonhes ol Atnmonium Nit]fite, btlk, bu
tail.IaSlPelersbut|, wherc it was Io be blawn inlo a silo
Iron wherc il would be loaded hIo a b lh lrcighter fol
expartto Ihe UK.Soneone in anothe( enpanAswikh?d
silas a dthe A.tthloniu Nilrate etas sIarcd ifi one which
-lhis $ouldh'l ne.essarilu have
eftettivelq had na raof.
beeh loo mwh ol o pto en if iI katl l been lhe weltest
\'/eek since rcco s were hepl Wilh coftenltuted ahmohiuhl tlilrale solutioh runnhg inlo the Ritler Nena, Aou
\'/ould have an envirotmental disasler fu anq alh?r Eurcpear couhl/A, as il is there is an awlul lol at fio^eA
gone dat'/n lhe drai .Soneone is going ta pau fat this.

When they have digested thei. reports hand
them the next one. The lucky devils €et one
each.

qow qellow tnilts oll lhe eiecl letiet uhlil lhe plane is

attaaks. Scattered round the perimeter will be
bunkers and covered fire positions.
Set up the position, let both players secretly

Defender

choose their mission level. Then let the defender set out those of his forces visible to the
outside world. The SPAA guns are assumed to
be held in the compound as a reserve so aren't
initially visible. Watch the defender's face as the
planes sweep in. Then watch the pilots face
when the SPAA gun announces a radar lock on
the incoming planes.

Cel slu.k ik and

le\,el the pla.e. Nol onlA lhal, but heep

"As aoLt suspecled,lheq haw no se se ol hunouL Personalla, vou gol quile a laugh v)atchifig f20,000,000
,uorlh alsameone else s mon.q lunning oulol lhe bottom
ol a silo and into lhe Ne/\/a. Be IhaI as iI maA, IheA are
alnost cetlaitlA goit1| ta |elphAsiaaL aboul il so, dis$eti7n being the better parl al wlout, qou hare made c
dittlified retreat to aow defe ded@tnpo ndinlhe.ouktrA.The positiotl ispretta sltonq and rJo rc(hon Aoucan
hold oll anqthing theq mre lo thnu) al aou. yo have a
choite ol lhtee mission lewls to thoase frcn.
Le,iel

ha dful

l:yow

normAlsecu/ittJ is perfect]A adequate.

A.

lads,'rilft Kalashhikovs ot1 the walls and the
lwo 12.7mfi machike gu s on lhe house nol nanned.
A.fler A1l, Ihe rcst ol Aau ta gel to lhe fi|hting bunfters
tupidlv wheh the ottaah cofies a dhelpiso laaphone
of

Lerel 2: Remenber lftal Itui load ol l\PCs and self
propelled 0t1ti-6ircfifl gtlns Aou nanaged to dipett ahd
shunt oll to the Chelchens. well, the lads felt lhal the
prke ollered was a bit low lor a lull trahlaad, so lheA
stashed a rcuple of lhe 2s6M Tunquska self-propelled

dnti-aiftaft quns in the u)arzhouse in case ol inpulse
buaefi. lf aau wheel one of then out, lhe twin 10 m
cannon tould be useful, espeda q as o e al lhe lads did
his nililara senik on lhefi. PilU lherc arc 't lhe foul
SL- 19 suiace ta ab missiles with it, bul Uou cakt ot have
everuthin| in this lile.

Winners and Losers
lf one side chooses a higher mission level than

their opponent, they have to win. lf they don't
win they have lost. Indeed if lhey choose level
I and the other side chooses level I they have
to win in style. In the case ofthe defenders, they
have to shoot down a plane whilst suffering Iittle damage on the ground, in the case of the attackers, they have to level the compound with-

out getting the new de(als on the wings
scratched.

Author's note
obviously with my background in Agriculture, I
tend to mix with peopLe such as commodities

Attacker

i

Ihose pa.kikq eses
to ai( hlissiles. Nol

broke.s and their ilk. I was chatting to one about
lhe price of Ammonium Nitrate lor the coming
yearand he mentionedthathe had been toone
major conference/buying meeting where repre-

''\ou are a squadron leader h the Russian Ai1orce. Conqtatulations, Uou iusl qot a potehtiallA Wolitable r|,issia'a. Oue ofthe Mafia lamilies iust lost a Avhere up to

oul\ that, bdSergi can hooft np the laser range ftttle(
and rc!10r as u)e11. Not that this will be anq good il lhea
alta.h o^ fool ar iu l\PCs .

sentatives from companies all over the world
were p.esent. There it was that he discove.ed
that the aepresentatives from a Russian com-

E20,00Q,000 and someone is qoi gtopauinblood'lheA
ftnow who did il, buI lihe everyo e else, theA haue a
slronglA forlified coftpaund outik the.o htrywhiehUou
would need a Motor rifle divisiof Ia altach.Thea caxnot
Affok1 lhe dirisiotl but the\ haue hired Aow squadrcn.
This is good nevts, nolanlA doese'ierAone qeI ta eat aqaik,
bul lhe rent is pairl up Ia dale and lhere Nill eveh be a
feut dol]aR to sli(h av)aA lor the next ninq daA.
You lead a flight ol thrce suhhoi su-25 "Frogfoot'
close supporl aircraft. you haw a twin 30mn AO-17A,
aMrch and ei|hl hard pointsfor othe( weapot U. Dok t
eve,1 lhinh abaul thenkal weaoons. theg atp paAihq
standartl rav, cte micltl veapons are prcmiuot. HoweveL
oh lhe tad p1inls, tJo &n .t,ix okd haUh 23mn |uh
pods. ro(kels ahd iron bofibs ta pefional taste.
yau ha\)e three missiok lewls to thaose frch:
Levl
ate therc to tfiake a splash, kol qet shot
dovn. NaIanlLJ that bultah Uou ifiagihe lhe luss il qou
qel a plane de ted a biL ll a aone shools aI aou wilh
anqlhin| hearier thAh assrull /ifles, jeltiso everythihg
ulhkt .ahwt be resald elsewhere and run lot hohe.
Lerel 2: The Mafia have hired gou ard will eryect
value fat moie\. When IheV paA lar a conpou d lo be
bombed, IheA erpect ralhet norc lhak souhrl ahd /9,
sUmbolisih| nolhihq. Press Ihe altackbuIdotl I lose men
ot plafies. A bil of daftaqe .an be $itten oll as a lruihin|
accirlenl E\rer lhe Russian aitlorce hns lrouble etplaiuv9 aAaA A shol p ni(tnfl (nst landirg
lhe hain

l:\o

l

o

Leucl3: HeA this is the hokout ol the squadroh v)e
arc lalking about here. Da Uou ierks\ua ttolire[oteyer?
Miniature Wargames

J

anuary 2OO2

Iavel
lhe

l:

Cuess vrhat we

loun[ in

menl. F out S,\- l9 suiae

base

pany present were all accompanied by ex-

www.miniwargames.com

tremely large and muscular men who were wearing (for Russians) extremely well cut suits.
He queried this and over a couple of vodkas
in the bar it was admitted to him that the Russian Mafia were in town. They then had a chat
about salestechniquesand good business deals
they'd all pulled off in the past and the game is
based on these stories, For many of these stories l've been able toget some sort ofconfirmation from members ofthe SOTCWwho keep their
ears close to the ground, and then there are always other misce[aneous sources as well.
Hence whilst the opefation didn t actually
happen like thegame suggests, itishighly probable that it was Mafia involvement which Ied to
the disappearance of whole train loads of Russian APCS and SPM guns. Similarly it is known
that the Mafia is involved in Money laundering,
using Ammonium Nitrate. Finally, there \vas the
unexplained incident where a flight of three aircraft strafed what was suspected to be a Mafia
compound. {Admit it, would you ask them for
confirmation in writing? lmagine, 'D€dl tir, .ould

Ring 0800 068 058 9
or tony@creativeeye.co.u k

aou siqn below to @rtifa aoa are a nember of the Russiah Malia aru1 the Aircralt which struled Uour conpound
were hied ba a rival."l AII I did was run these to-

Playing the game
The compound consists of a Dacha with two
12.7m machine-guns on the roof. There will be
warehousing, garages, a lew bungalows and a
stout rvall. Add a ditch and dirt rampart with
chain link fencing on the top to cut down on RPc

.

oomatn name5

'building websites
. e-commerce

'database
. specialists in search engines

5ee our e-commerce site

@

creative eye

gether Ifyou think its far-fetched, you ought to
hear some of the stories that I dec;ded not to
use, because I wasn't happy with the Ievel ot
confirmation.


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1/300th SCALE WHITE METAL FIGURES !1.50 Packs containing 50 Infantry or 20 Cavalry or 6 Guns & Crew
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Tel:01380 870228 Fax: O1-3SO 871045 E-maii: he'roics,rosdvirgin.net www.h-eroicsandros.co.uk
l\4iniature Wa.games No.

224


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MINIATURE

GLASSIFIED
3OMM

W I LL

IE/T RADI TI O N/
HOLGER ERIKSSON figures for
wargames and dioramas, plus 25mm
Tradition range, covering Romans to
WWI available from Spencer Smith
Miniaturcs, The O!d Rectory. Wortham,
Diss. Norfolk IP22 lSL. Teleohone:
013'19
650021 .
email
pjohnstonehr@hotmail.com Please send
f,1.75 for catalogues or f4.95 for sample
pack and catalogues.

I/I2OO AND 1/1250 WATERLINE
WARGAMES and Collectors Warship
models and kits. Large SAE for li.t to
Dave Willcocks, 26 Gilkicker Road.
Gosport, Hants POl2 zUN.
MILITARY BOOKS Bought and Sold.
Please send SAE for lists to 62 St
Michael's Road. Llandaff, Cardiff CF5
2AQ.

MILITARY BOOKS BOUGHT AND
SOLD. Send SAE for catalogue to:
Military Services, 87 Ellacombe Road,
Longwell Green, Bristol BS70 98P.
Telephone: 0l l7 9324 085,
APPROX 100 BAGS Minifigs
Napoleonic, mixed cavalry, infantry,

gjm@figurines.freeserve,co.uk. I 5mm
and 25mm a speciality. US customers
please send $5 bill fbr l5lrlm sample and

tist.

For

my

site

at

www.figurines.freeserve.co.uk and
www.wargames.co.uk

.MILLINGTONS'
QUALITY PAINTING SERVICE. Providing a constant
quality painting standard fbr all periods.

Telephone: 02392 436526.

Stoke-on-Trent ST8 6DN.

Box 175, Orpington BR6 9UZ. Tel:

J&J PAINTING SERVICES, want to

0't'79676'1498.

buy those figures but don't want, or don't
have time, to paint them? Then why not
let us painL them for you. All scrles. periods, historical or fantasy. l5mm from !l;

F.B.I. PAINTING. Figures, Buildings.

25mm from 91.50. Other scale vehicles
and larger models quoted for individually.
Call Jeremy Hill, 07971 780231.
ART MILITAIRE off'ers a high qualit),
painting senice to Wargamers and Collectors in l5mm-100mm, Send for photograph and details, org3.00lbr 25mm sample to: A Buttery, 6 Gypsy Lane, Oulton.
Leeds LS26 8SA.

HIGH QUALITY HAND PAINTED
100 figures,25mm Ancient Armies,
f

110.00 payable to Jonathan

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ADLER MINIATURES, WWII. painted.
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832993. Write 5 Heath Terrace,
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WANTED: AIRFIX Battle of Waterloo
Wargame made in 1970s early 1980s. This

is the board game not the playset. Must
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Seven Years War figures and WWII

Beese. 119 Silver Birch Close.

Cossacks.

Whitchurch, CardiffCFl4 IEP Tel: 02920

but must be good. Please ring Keith on

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around. one week from cheque clearance
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TABBY'S PAINTING SERVICE. FuII
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FOUNDRY UNPAINTED CASTINGS,
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Will consider

made and painted

0208 8572487, 25 Charlesfield,
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LETRASET RUB DOWN

ac

tion

transfers, 1960s and 19702, desperately
sought. Military and other themes. Ideally
unused, but anything considered. Will pay

well for any items not already in my
collection. Call Dean on 01244 344855 or
e-mail deb_and_dean@tinyworld.co.uk

E-mail:

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Miniature Wargames No. 224


tlrrPrrEr 2002
tt-12 MAY

Militarv

Favre at oThe Centre'

Presented by the Tunbridge Wells Wargames Society

24 February 2OOz

Milton Keynes
The National League

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Miniature Wargames January 2OOz


sct.Fl

Very Simple SF
by Malcolm Stewart

Introduction
If you like me. have somewhere in the house a
box full of old Battletech rnechs and epic scale'
tanks and space marines which haven t seen action for years, maybe this will be of interest to
you. Perhaps it also has some bearing on the conlinuing debate on how to introduce'new blood
to the hobby
For me it all sta.ted when one of my children
discovered that box of mechs in a cupboard. That
sparked a conversation about whether I played
with them and how ldid it. They knew lplayed

with toy soldiers, but for some reason the
battlemechs or'big robots caught their interest
in a way that l Smm ancients didn t. Their interest proved to be infectious, and the challenge of
writing a set of rules for the use of young or completely inexperienced players began. The results

are below, and developed from a knockabout
hourlong game [ora rainy afternoon to somethin€

in which young players have surprised me with
their ability to develop tactics Maybeonedayl
will run a publjc participation game at a show - I
thinkthe rules would wo.kokay forthat too. when
we played a few games - first me and my children, later some ol their friends too - suggestionscame in from the playersthickand fast. Most
ofthem were good ones that have been incorporated. Even the youngest players provided use,
ful ideas and imaginative names for mechs and
vehicles. At first we used only what they called
big robots'or'walkers'- Battletech mechs and
some iointed soft plastic modelswe found atthe
local 99p shop and which bore a strong resem,
blance to the Battletech types. Later we introduced tanks, a mix ofthe usualover-armed types,
and finally followin€ suggestions from playe|s
infaniry and motorbikes.

Equipment required
Mechs, vehicles etc. as required or available.
At least one six sided dice per player

Scrap paper or damage counters - the benefits of each system will be explained below.
Rulers - these are usually 6 /1'cm rulers borrorved hom pencil-cases but can be anything Lego, or specially made Irom card - as long as
everyone has the same size of ruler
Cotton wool 'smoke to show knocked out vehi(les Cotton \rool cdn be dled by soaking in a

In

the next issue

mix of waterand bLack ink. Some pet shops stock
fleecy type material for hamster bedding in a

variety of colours, including black. The hamsters
don t seem to like it much but it makes great

Terrain
Areas offelt orcoloured paper to show rough terrain - we use €reen forwoods and swamps, grey
for towns, and strips ofg.ey for roads.
Trees they need to be tall enou€h that mechs

don t tower over them.
Hills - as even mechs can shelter behind these,
and young players complain if a mech claims
cover from a hill which is less tall than it is, they
need to be either thick stepped h ills or HC Wells
style books undera cloth
Houses and other buildings - at first we used
some holiday souveniaseaside cottages, but soon
players had ideas and good factories have been

tally, it caused heated arguments. so rhe second
method of record keeping came into use. This
has involved placing either numbered damage
chits or small dice with the appropriate number
uppermost beside the unit- Thishas its own problems-the dice can be knocked over, it is easy to
forget to move a chit along with a unit, and in a
crowded part ofthe table it can be hard to work
out which chits belong to which unit - but it also
works. Perhaps a hybrid system, with .ecord sheet
for named mechs and chits forthe more disposable units, would be the best choice, but it is a
matter ot prelerence.

Scenarios

built from yoghurt pots and flexible straws

Most battles are simple encounters, wi!h forces
of equal points values. A unit s points value is
the same as ils facto. A thirty points a side game
lasts about an hour to ninety minules. However
players are usuall) keen ro qive ideas lor variatjons on this type of battle. Variations we have

sprayed grey or black and dry-brushed. Eventually some enormous forts made from polystyrene
packaging garnished with spare toy battleship
turrets appeared and were incorporated in the

used include:
attack and defence type games with the attacker
having 50% more points and lryin€ to move a third
of rheir starting points off the table beyond the

games.

defenders positiongi

Record-keeping

games in which the attackers must destroy a specilic building oiten a fort with five factors but of
course immobile in order to win and the de'
fenders have 25% more points.

We have used two different methods. The original method, when games involved only a total of
a dozen or fewer mechs, was for each to have a
record sheet showing the appropriate numbe. of

boxes which could be crossed off when damage
ofthis are that the
table remains uncluttered by damage markers,
and that when writjng out record sheets players
were able to name their mechs, giving them an
increased identification with the unitand encouraging them to find imaginative names - like those
of two pafticularly long-lived mechs from early
games, Man ol Steel and Harder'. However as
tanks and other units were introduced record
sheets became less easy to use - each unit was
numbered underneath and continual handlin€ to
see which was which led to disputes when vehicles were picked up, looked at, and put back
was incurrcd. The advantages

somewhere they had not started off from.
Whether this was done deliberately or acciden,

of

Fvnorionna
ln response to players wanting to use the same
mechs in successive games a gimple system of
experience points was introduced. It applies only
to mechs, not to the less glamorous tanks and
infantry. Forevery game a mech survives, whether
winning or losing, it gains half a factor A half factor has no eflect, but after two halves have been
accumulated the mech has of course gained a
whole facton This is meant to represent its pilot
scavenging extra armour and weapons, becoming a better shot, learning to make better use of
cover, etc. lt also introduces a sort of morale system as players will retreat lavourite mechs offthe
table to avoid destruction ratherthan fight on ro

lhe bilrer end This

i'

anolher argumenr in fa-

MINIATURE

Athens vs Syracuse; Rathmines; Fast PIay Napoleonic Rules;
Horseshoe Ridge; The Scots at Bannockburn; Eastern Front scenario

oN

SALE 9thJANIIARY

DON'T MISS IT!
Miniature Wargames No. 224


As$axlt on the Ro6ot tactory. Figures frotn the .olle(tion ol

vour of using record sheets rather than chits for
mechs as sheets make it possible to record expenence.

The rules
These are intended to beassimple aspossible.
Each unit - a single tank, mech or base of infantry - has a factor This determines how far it can
move, how many dice it throws forfiring, and how
much damage it can take- Each hit a unit takes
reduces its factor by one. Whena unit's factorfalls
to zero it is destroyed. And thats it. My ori€inal
idea was for units to have separate ratin€g for
movement, fire and armour but that paoved too
complicated - it s surprising how wo.kable this
simple system is.
Each unit has a number of factors.
Mech / walker/ big
Assault mech / very big
Tank, assault gun

'
'*
*
*
*

Super'heavy
Inlantry

Motorbike

robot
rcbot
etc.
tank

3
4
2
1
I

I +2 movement

Terrain is divided into that which slows movement and that which provides cover
Cover?

No

Swamp
NO

HiII

Yes

Blocks line of sight
Road
+l
No
A unit counts as being in a piece of terain if
any part of the model or its base are on the col'
oured area showing the size ofthe terrain. A unit
can fire into or from any part of covet even the
middle ofa town orwood. A unit cannot fire over
or through another unit even if it is taller than
the unit it is firing over or is up a hill.
At the start of a turn roll for sequence - the
Yes

Miniature Wargames Jantrary 2OO2

Be

Crmmings. Photognp(rg bg Ri(hard Ellis.

highest score moves first, then proceed in order
of this score.
In a tuan a player selects one unit and completes allitsactions befo.e movingon to the next
unit. Once a player has completed actions forall
his units it is thetum ofthe next player
Actionsare fire and move. A unit can moveand

not fire; fire and not move; fire then move; or
move then fire.
A unit (an move ds many rulerg as it has factors remaining. It moves one rulei less ifit starts
or ends the move in ter€in which slows movement o. passes through any in the course ot its
move, butcan always move a minimum ofone. A
unit moves one more if jt spends jts whole turn
on road. Motorbikes get an extra two rulers of
movement,
Firing is to a range of6'rulers'. A unit rclls one
dice per factor remaining. A unit @n fire in any
direction regardless of facing. Fjre can be split
between severaltargets and mustbe pointed out
before folling the dice - forexample "l llfire two
dice at that target and one at that'.
Any
Vehicle Infantry
not in Cover in Cover in Cover

unit

Range:
Up to 2'rulers'

4,5,6
rulers 5,o
4tob rulers o
2

to d

5,6
o

6
-

-

Each successful roll causes the target to lose
one factor If the factor lost is the unit's last one
the unit is removed or has some smoke placed
on it to show it is destroyed. Any extra hits on a
destroyed unit are wasted.
So there you have it- The rules have no morale, no command and control, no attempt to al-

low interrupt or covering fire to prevent units
dashing from cover to cover However, they do
work and are fun. Remember that they are for
players who are either new to wargaming and/o.
young - although gamers with de.adeg of e).perience have taken part in and enioyed games. lt

is worth noting that although the very novelty

of

thegame is enough to hold the attention ofplayers new to this sort ofthing, when playing with a
mixture of inexperienced and vete€n players it
is the quality ofthe tenain and models that keeps
tbe older players' interest - so make an effort with
the terrain !
over the couFe of games I made a point of
notgiving lectures on tactics and lettingthe players work things out themselves, developing their
o\r/n tactics without adult inteiference. A new
player's first game was usually a mad rush to close
range followed by a furious shoot-out. After one
or two of those they leamed the value of cover,
and the next game or two were chaEcterised by
them hiding in cover and totally surrendering the
initiative. After five or six games quite sophisti-

cated tactics were appea ng as new players
learned from their mistakes and frcm watching
otherplayers. Differentplayers soondeveloped
different playing styles. Some pclerred to have
afew oowerful mechs, others more numerous but
weaker tanks- some preferred to concentrate
their best units. others to goread them out to
bolster weaker units. Fads also developed, like
the one for motorbikes which fora while roamed
aboutin'attackpacks', lurkingincoveranddashing out to attack unsuspecting mechs. For a while
everyone wanted bikeg, but when a few 'packs'
were wiped out by concentrated fire the fad
passed. Eventually complicated combined arms
tacticsevolved,even includingreserves, butwith
players' own preferences for stolid defence or
dashing attacks colouring their choice of units.
Afterspotting packs ofrathernice space fighters in the 99p. shop Ive toyed with the idea of
usjng a variation on these rules to cover battles
between these. There are also packs ofvaguely
world war T\r/o battleships there, and maybe a
vafiation could also coverthese. Once the initial
obstacle ofacceptingvery simple rules has been
cmssed, who knows what might follow?


wwtl

Point Blank
Close Range Encounters for WWll
by John Greene

Remember the scene in the film 'Anzio where
Robert Mitchum and Peter Falkgrapple with snipers amongst lhe shellholes and bombed out ruins? Well, Itried out a similar scenario with my
usual WwlI skirmish rules, but failed to achieve
the.ight effect. Skirmish rules seem to fall into
two categories. We have the ultra"detailed sets,

describing in which hand the weapon is held,
which toe the bullet hits, etc. Although 1 like this
type kom the point of view of rcalism, I find them
almost too slow and cumbersome to capture the
few minutes of the close ran€e shoot-out. The
second category concentrateson Ieadership and
unit cohesion in platoon-sized actions, but at the
expense ofthe very individual actions portrayed
in the film. So, I have written the following skirmish rules in an attempt to capture the flavourof
very close range, smallscale engagements ofthe
Anzio, Cassino orStalingrad type, i.e. sniping from

foxholes, crawling between firing positions,
searching forenemy locations, etc. The ruleswill
give a fast movinggame ofabout 10-45 minutes
duration between two players, each with a squad
of four or five 20mm figures.
The basic feature of the rules is that the commander defines the overall tactics, but has restricted influence over individual actions within
the squad. When the shooting starts, the troops
tend lo keep the|| heads down. only coming up
to fire for the shorlegl poisible rime lhis i< simulated by dividing each round into three phases
where a figu re can peer around cover to shoot or
to locate the enemy in any one of the phases.
The enemy can only be spotted or hit if he lifts
his head or isotherwise exposed duringthesame
phase.lf, howevei the target happensto be head
down behind a pile of rubble when rhe bullet is
fired, the only effect will be a richochet off the

protective brickwork. Even though the headdown target failed to spotthe sniper, hewillhave
a reasonable idea as

to the sou.ce of the shooting, givin€ him the chance to suppress the assumed location while a colleague rolls and leaps
frcm cover to cover until behind the enemy with
a clear line ol Iire.
Although my pet hate is keeping records duringa game, ldecided to use coloured markersto
indicate in which phase an action occurred. At
the end ofa round, it is a simple matterto quickly
compare colour with colourto identi[, which opponents are exposed in the same phase. The
markers I use are small colou.ed beads which I
pick up free of charge from my daughtefs bedroom floor, butwhich can otherwise be purchased
qlite cheaply from any toy or craft shop. The
beads (1 use grcen, yellow, red, orange, blue and
white)can eitherbe placed directlyon the board
nextto the fi€ure or, alternatively, in the relevant

position on a simple sketch map. This basic
mechanism can, ofcourse, be reproduced using
action ca.ds or similar in accordance with player's preference.

Qnr

phases. where each phase simulates several seconds of movement and firing. The phase inwhich
an action is performed is identified by acoloured

marker e.g. green for the first phase, yellow for

the second phase and red for the third phase.
The round isexecuted in the following sequence:

L Calculate which player holds the initiative for
the round.
2. The player with initiative may assign suppressive fire for the round.

smoke.

3. The player without initiative moves any
numbe. of figures. lf any figures move through
the open, coloured markers are used to identify the position the figure has reached by the
end ofeach ofthe three phases.
4. The player with initiative moves any number
of figures as above.
5. The player without initiative, states which figures will deliver direct fire at located targets.

Direct fire may be either an aimed shot (if
there has not been any recent shooting), a
snapshot lif there has been recent shooting),
or a reaction shot (if a new tar€et js spotted in
the openl. coloured markers are used to identily in which phase the figure performs the
action and is, therefore, exposed to return fire
or ooServa!on
6. The playerwith initiative does likewise
7. The player without initiative states which figures will try to spot new targets. Again, colou.ed markers are used to identify in which
phase the figure is visible to others lf there
has not been any recent shooting and the

8

I

enemy's location is unknown, then all figures
performing no other action must attempt to
spot targets hom the beginning of the round.
The player with inilialive does likewisc
Targets are selected by comparing the phase

in uhich firing occurred $ith lhe phdse

in

which suitable targets were visible.
I0. Finally, figurcs are marked as fully or panially
located if seen or heard by the enemy. After
making any significant change in position, figures lose theif localed status, and must be
spotted again by the enemy.

Initiative
The attackeralways holdsthe initiative until the
first shot is fired. Otherwise, each player throws
a D6 and adds the number of troopg remaining
in the squad. The player with the highest total
has the initiative lor this round.
The player rvirh iniliative can uqe suppreggive
fire. The playerwithout initiative moves first, and
takes fi.ing or obsewation positions first.
lf the totals are equal, neither side holds the
initialive and neither side mdy Ci'"e >uppressive
fire or move unless to contjnue a move through
the open, started in the previous round. The
player with lewest troops goes first. lf both opponents have the same number of troops, th row
a D6 to see which side must go first.

rnd Qonr ronna

During any round,

a

figure may perform any one

of the following actions: suppress a known enemy location, move, shoot or attempt to locate
the enemy. Each round is djvided into three

Sr

a single partially or fully located target figure. The figure performin€ suppressive fire is
exposed forthe entire round and may be hitduring any of the direct fire phases if p.eviously located. The firing figure is fully absorbed in the
suppressive firc action and the.efore may not
move, locate targets or fire direct. The area
around thesupprcssed fi€urecan be marked with
coloured cotton wool to simulate the dust and

press

No figure can move into or through a suppressed area orthe line of fire.
The suppressed target may not fire, suppress
or locate for the remainder ofthis round. The target may, however, crawl away from located enemy to a new location within 6cm, but only if the
tar€et is behind cover during this round. After
changing position in this way, the target spends
the next round recovering and may not perform
any action. lf the figure falls back by over
'cm.
the figure loses its located status in accordance
with the target location rules below.
Afigure cannot be hit by suppressive fire However, a slrppressed target can be fired upon and
hit by direct fire from any enemy who gets a clear
shot.

Movement
A moving figure may not perform

suppressi!e

direcl [ire. or ]ocate targets when the move

oa

i\

entirely behind cover, the figure moves locm in
a crouching run.

when the move

is at

least partially out of cover,

the figure crawls, rolls and leaps 2cm per phase.
The total move depends on which phase the figure dares to leave cover. The playerthrows a D6
before moving.
1.2 The figure begins moving in phase l. Place a
green, yellow and red markerat 2cm intervals
along the line ofthe move to indicate the position ofthe figure at the end ofthese phases.
l-6The figure begins moving in phase 2. Place a
yellow and red markerat 2cm intervals along
the line of the move Io indicate the position
of the figure at the end ofthese phases.
The two movementoptions can not be mixed;
eitherthe full move is behind covel orthe move
is performed in 2cm segments.
lt costs 2cm to cross a waist-high obstruction
and the figure is exposed lorthe entire phase. A
head high obstruction costs 6cm to cross, where
the figure uses phase I to climb the obsiacle,
phase 2 to swing overthetop and phase 3 to leap
down and recover,
lf the move is less than 2cm through the open,
the relevant marker is placed in the middle of
the gap to indicate that the figure is exposed in
this phase.
lfthe figure ends the move in the open, itcan
eirher continue in the first phase of the next
round, i.e. with a green marker, or, alternatively,
stay put, in which case itcan locate targets, shool,
etc, but must take its chances as an exposed tar"
get.

rnnroccinn

Supp.essive fire may only be performed by the
player with initiative and each figure may sup-

Direct Fire
Figures which are not moving or suppressing the

Miniature Wargames No. 224


wwtl
enemy can atempr direct fire at fully located
enemy targets. The precise target is not allocated
at this stage (see the later section on target allo'
cationl. In these close encounters weapon range
is not consjdered an issue, so any target within
unobstructed line of sight and within !he forward
half-circle can be fired upon. The player places
an orange marker beside the figure to indicate
fire The firer has three options: an aimed shot, a
snapshot ora reaclion shot.
Almed shot: lf an enemy is fully located but
no firing occurred in the previous round and no
suppressive firing in this round, then the iigure
may optionally watch the area from the begin'
ning of the round with head and shoulders vis'
ible and weapon ready. lfthe waiting figure is shot
at by an unlocated enemy or frorn behind, the
fi€ure drcks back \ithout.hool;ng. Olher$i(e,
the waitin€ figurc can shoot at any exposed target in accordance with the ta.get allocation rules
described in a later section. Atter firing, the fig"
ure ducks back for the remainder of the round.
Snapshot: lf the enemy is fully located in other
circumstances, or if the player does not wish to
make an aimed shot, the figure may only pop up
to shoot for iust one phase in the hope that the
located target is available at the same time The
player throws a D6l
1,2 The figure comes up to fire in phase I and is
hidden during the othe. phases. Place a green
marker beside the firer.
1,4 The figure comes up to fire in phase 2 and is
hidden during rhe orhe' pha5e> Pldce a yellow marker beside the firer.
5,6 The figure comes up to fire in phase 3 a.d is
hidden during the other phases. Place a red
marker beside the firer

Reaction shot: while taking an aimed shot,
snapshot or to spot the enemy, the firer of observer must take a reaction shot at any previously
unlocated or part'ally located enemy seen in the
open durin€ the same phase. After the reaction
shot, the firer ducks back for the remainder of
the round and may not make any otherdirect shot
or observation.

Spotting the Enemy

den during the other phases. Place a red
marker beside the figure.
The results of target location are calculated in
a later section.
when a ligure is looking for the enemy, it is
normally unprepared to fire. Howevet while head
up, the observer must take a reaction shotatany
previously unlocated or partially Iocated enemy
in the open during the same phase fsee below
Ior hit resolution). After laking the reaction shot,
the observer ducks back for the remainder ofthe
round, having spotted only the target.

Fi€ures which are not moving, suppressing the
enemy or attempting direct fire, can try to locate

the enemy. The line of sight must be unobstructed but can be anywhere in the full circle
around the observe. Like direct fire, there are
lwo alternatrves.
Option l: 1f no enemy is currenily located and
no firing occurred in the previous round and no

Target Allocation and Hit
Resolution
Dire(t fire tar€ets are allocaled as lollowl,

l.

<uppressive firing in this round, all otherui:e
unoccupied figures mustwatch the areawith head

2.

exposed unless fi.ed upon or at the end of the
phage in which it spots an enemy. The figu re then
ducks back until the next round.
Option 2: If enemy are located, or firing occuned in the previous round or suppressive fire
in this round, the figure may only pop its head
up lor just one phase at a time. The player throws

l.
4.

a D6:

figure's head is up in phase 1 and is hidden du.ing the other phases. Place a green
marker beside the figure
1,4 The figure s head is up in phase 2 and is hidden during the other phases. Place a yellow
marker beside the figure.
5.6 The figure s head is up in phase 3 and is hid1,2 The

5

The target must have been fully located in the
previous round, except in the case of reaction
shots at figures in the open.
The target must be exposed in the same
phase as the firer, e.g. the firerpops up in the
red phase and shoots at a previously located
target peeping around coverin the red phaself a previously unlocated or partially located
enemy is seen in the open, then the firer must
take a reaction shot at the figure.
lfseveraltargets are visible, selectthe single
most obvioustarget in the followingorder' the
nearest target in the open, the nearest target
giving suppressive fire, the nearest target exposed for direct fire and finally the nearest
target exposed for obseruation. This means
that more than one firer may fire at the same
rarger.

otherwise, the firer fires with no effect.

COMMAND DECISION 15mm WW2
RAPID FIRE PACKS
Good value packs designed for the Rapid Fire
WWll Rules. Each pack contains the correct
vehicles and infantry for the unit
RF Pack
BF Pack

SITYTIBIIX
CIIIBIS lilIAS
OFFI]IT
107o Discount on all ord€rs
over S30 in value

OFFER ENDS 3I.I2.OI
POSTAGE & PACKING

Mail Ordet Address:

ORDEA VALUE (MINg2.OO MAX !6)
BFPO {Europe)es above
BFPo (outside
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20% order
USA &
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New
40% order
40% order
we dccepl B.rcl.ycard, Euroc.rd, visa, Ch.rge

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UK

1OO/"

Europe)
Europe
Canacla
Zealand
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& Maslerc€rd.
Send your card nufiber .nd Erpiry dat.

Miniature Wa.games January 2002

LOUGHBOROUGH
LEICESTERSHIRE
LE12 6TU
Teleohone: 01509 213789
Fax No: 01509 230874

1
2

3
FF Pack 4
RF Pack 5
RF Pack 6
RF Pack 7
RF Pack I
RF Pack I
RF Pack

RF Pack

10

German Pz Grenadier Battalion

f39.00

German Armoured Recce
Battalion
British Motor Battalion
British Sherman Tank Regiment

f49.00
f38.00

British Anti-Tank Regiment
US Infantry Battalion
US Armoured Inf. Regiment
US Sherman (75)Tank Battalion
US Sherman (76) Tank Battalaon
US Cavalry Regiment

€57.00
f42.OO

f34.00
t42.OO

f54.00
f54.00
t47.00

More 1Smm New Models Due
progress
on The Web or at The Shows
Check

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WWII

tiu Rkhd'd Ellis.

i:cr e o.;tiof cf Lle L:.get trte r n\er thtoni;
t)r:-.1 rrqtl r,-s tfe lol o\!ing r. h r:

:- the ef.l .i Lhr phii5c r r\hirh ir is <rot nt Of
rcn.f fq .!!er rfc i qirrJ mLst rc..vcr !r: lhr
ef.l()l lfe re\l ro-rf. an.l rrn\ lro:rblc11c rolE

.:leeor\. e\.osed r1 tlte re e\'aft pfn!.;Ici
*ilhif 5.llr cf i ]e 'rst ;re .t sil o.:tcd,:rrd
Like\\ is-. .r_ \ i .qures lf ti-e ne\t intcgo:] co\ n

Minimum DO score
E\.cDr fcf a rned i

Fnll,..utcrlr.,,ier

ph:te

dllc.l 1 re
i lI ln.;L.lrafeet
nrnking

I

e rem)'
l) e\ i.Lrr \ p.rrtta \
oc;1ed or urr ocnted

r:rqeMef in:na

open
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lo(ateal

icrgtt

.r

I

s

silrr

fo

rc furtrcr role r

' o\F r',( n .-d ,r-, , ..,..,
co\'er

Lrnrrl

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re\l

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c-c oith. f!\l a,Lr 'rltrrir nr,r\ noLoblc1e mole

sho- r!i.r ; n'o\

iIg Lrrgc_. rf e .r'9er m ,sr
coft nuc li'rc mo\e to\\! ds lre nenrftl .oler
e\er il lhir me;rs doub ing b..l( Thc a sraf.e
lo acvef is mcasufed lr3m the t.rrqel ! poslt on
ia

r o..it or nral r i resc !1i.n tfc
ener\ locrticns

Lh Lhc

ocated in

ob5crvcri .i;rl(efs

j ao o:t:e.l
fiqL,r---r nre

a.!o.drf..

wlrh:he foll.'.\'n.s
lf r p-.rg1;6r.1U !nlcctrtc-i o- pa1i. lJ locaterl

eferr!

tfe cnd of rl e re\r

mo!e:o lhe re;rest co!cr
roun.l, (tart ng th. m.!e n )h!:sc

fu ,

:

is

sccn

lf

'he open iren

Lhe

obser!cr

-cnc_i.r ih.1 nt the irqLrrc;rrd pcr
f.rmi no othcr t.rqer l..ai of
lhe ener'r! :arqci :Lr.r be e\poseo in the
s;n'e pl i:e :rs lrc obse.!ef e s the obsef\rer
peeps.round ..\cr lr rhe !ell.\\ aha!e ard

nrr!t

\

afcl m.r\ fo! oll!cr\ie- mo\e or litc

tl_e L;i-{ct mLs_

kiro,1< lvher-- the flgure ua5

i

i qu e is nn ) p..rtr;r
irre a raunal b.rt h:rs narl

fe"cliIS

\ l.iLatcd i

: fire< .lul

lccn sccn ic rhe :D
pro\ ._:rla o.nricr is i.lcflijrcd b' ihc nols. of

q!nfirc lhEreiore p nce \\[ile rrak.rs b! a
unlo.atei figures \ilri.h r.r!c:lrca if tf s r.uf.l
Oi.e oi.rl--d arqurer.:'mr:r5 o.atcd Lrnt rt

1a

t

a

|c l.o { ire (rr f r]'rq ove. n
l.\ phase
I lt se\eir iafgcrs;r. ! s ble .e eci first Lhe
spo's

\r

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fis

thc \ c

s rqle.rc!t ob\

dc

:r\ dirliir.c oui I the
q bel\cti Lovcr Thc \hir-- .r bLLre
nrnrker i: 1[ier re o!cd it thc cfd of rh-. rouncl
I hii r earrs th:rL ihc cncrr! s ..ai .rn s kl^ou I ai

open

.lre.<rlc! aLe.l B\ .:on'p:r:g lh-- enem!

the c.riL]alti p n!s

i. b;.k cel''irc

lo.:riccl !\hef ir renches.o!e' e :he cbsLr!tr

\iihort

rerulls ol ligurcs obicraing ior

I a <ho, rri:ics ; sirticIar\ Lrrgct p;t n

ro,.rnd

r:

T-.
| ^^^+i^^
^^+L LUIduu
rdr tsc

na,Fl

rrariers !!

d rc

A ful

.irher rioves (r!er t.m behird

mak -le <trppres!l!L

o|

t.rneo.r5 !.r rl Lwo i:qirrc! shoor:

of the iircr

r oc;ied iqufe's nrarlied rilf a b ur
pi.....drr
\11
,1r.io
Indr'-

cnc

a

F ftlo(,xec. L "gcl

Ihcr fi_

rr i dirertl:rciran)

.r.i ofter r'r lfe s;ifi(' pira!e. lfc! rirsl both
lir.\\ _or h r! Aimed [ire t.ries prc.cdcnrc o!c:
.l i. brr '.
| ,
.l
. r,.\ rh Lrlhrr I rcrr -.hor. if rhe r.Te pr...se
c e ':l fieure rr nkc5 an nimccl !,h.t ln pf;se I ilr
; ttrrget mrl{irs r 5f.p(hoI lr ph.<€ I thc.n the
.rrcd 5r.r t r ro\\. for .r hil iir:t lr ti. a mru:rror
mi!.e. the t.rqel ri rr,(. ba. i bef.re .l.k ns the

l

rul-rbr.rtd',arqe

ir l.m

n ith

Target Situation

ioLs rtrr.get in the lol o\1ifs or
lh-- nerrcsl tarc.r nrheop--n t]'ere.:l

']silnrget qiv.rtqs.tpr-.rc<ri!e f re the nea es!
r.rget e\po-!rd Io. dlfe.t fife an.l finall) th.
nenre!t lirrgct e\po.--d io- cbscr!itron f.
o\\ife ih s !. c.tjor air\ fieLrres ,r thc !:r.rc

leasL

being seef f.rr

e

to rhe L'fd ol thc round

!lfef

.] I qure r5

o.atccl. irs poiit

n

cated rrmedinLe ! to

F

v:mnlo

of is.ollr

Lhc o--hcr5 lr the

rLr'

sq!r:d

1

o alcrman inipers o.;t--d behin.l a \v.ll ::c
stn krrg:r s nqlr l-iS :arser d.rq in b\ a lrce rtLr mp
T\.\

Ne:fe: 5ioc hrs

re

oc::ed iis oDporcnt rinrc

.f.ifgif4 p3sition a:d se!e.al inules ha!c

e.rpsecl srr.c ihc nst f re --\ahange
The p.rtcrs f"rrr\\ io nil ati!e thc acrman.
g.L lplu-! thc:\ro.nipers nlr le the US qci l plu<
ti. rangcr lc neirhersdefarrnit;ti!c:or rhir
rounC so

fcrtlcr

miJle Thc

LIS

s:.:le

crf

L,s-a

su p-Jr

e!ii!c fir. .r

p nl er has fe$est l-oop! nnd thcr.-

Ior. nulr i ni i ril

.

S

n.c l-.oih

o .l-r

s des

I

h:!e lcs1.oIr;.r treither side

r.,

..1

l'. n..l

llliniature Wargames No. 224


wwtl
.r.rs:!r,i.l lir LUpp-css \e fire I lf

:fd
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sr,nc--!
l-.le

rhe

ri.

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fir ,ri p.r( t,rn. nnd \!.r I iof the ererri to shor\
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s

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b:s..

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llf r1',o\r lh-- :njpef n tfe

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.i re.l or of tl e rrrr'. effe.ti\cl\ pif nrf g.lo\rn the
rnr9ei arrr ! rire D a\e uith r', liirLi!e r.rn -rse
s.rpt)re5sr!e ifel Tl'r ol rcr alcrmiiir.|n\\ s.r.:osr
.r

gnp

ir

rhe

rig rt :lnnk cf rhe efem! lhe rangc' l..r losL:iglrt
rLrth sflper! but feckons tn;t s.mcoic is hid-

Lri

fo. e\nrp

re,.

\,reapons

I

n red r.el) lhe rrn€e' lii..rter
r oftire ne:rresi :n ipcr ;r'd fol .cs lr5

ho.i lhrse
r,.os

s

lhe r;nqer musl tr\ lo spirt the atfer

lin

.rir.l LJegrfs

rfc!rfit .r.uf.l

Allo4.tr.,r forf, - Ihcq r hchittd Uoul
P ht)to.ltIph y liy Ri hnft{ allis.
I\,4iniature Wargames J anuaty

2002

tlre

n,.r (ed

.

lf

parli!r I\ lo.rted rfrer ri.lrg
1l'c ne\t rcund. the Cer {rns prcparc ro :rre
:rs

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:

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're:r,

ousroufd the p ii)c:ma\ orll! i r--:naprhotsnnd
i rds 11.ar !fe !fipcf lrres I ph.se I ind tf c othcl
i phasc lr. [1c:rr,,hile rhe r;nger ii rnablc io
i-e ha\lfg cltro'lracL bul e;ns fonvard ro pc.l

-r ,r I L I

I n ' 'l

I I

nfd loo{. out dLrifg plitc I The t ril b.r let
'r t! rhe Cermnn p;t'er thro'ri c 'o lo\led im
medidtel) b_! rhe :ecofC bu ct \!hiclr .tril(es
.reepl! intc tlre roll-.n rrce trtlrk

Example 2
Thc two Brilrsh

inianlI

hn!-- beer \\at:hrrg

rrjrr lor lhe pa!t Fiiteer nr :utcs

Lhe

ar!are il'.rl

!cmfthing sqoirgup Srdclef !.:Cc,n;nDa a'

froopcrushes acioss .he .)pen t. : pi e of t,ri.kTh. se.ofd aiefinf is rot rori.cd ook'nq
'vo-lt
.r-o r fo l he t!.ill to the left S nce rhcrc has been
fcr...ntlrrngrrc lheer,eir\ nreLrr o.atcd the
flritiih mrs! cbserre rl.e area ;nd thcrcfrrc
imred ,rt.l! !pot lre tirgc-l rrcviie r the opcI

r

.r n:-rl -l lo\!cr

r' .

O

L

c\poslrre.aLegcr! I The Br:j!h
.qr;rb for rh.lr r'.eapo:rs;rd La[e a re..ii.n shot
ai the Cerrn.n trccdifg a ,. lo h I The para

r.r':dt

r' trn'r'

o.L'

bblc to.or.s'der Lhe ne\l mo\e lBolh
llril sh \erc lo.aLcd bJ. thc !t;tionari Cennan
I;re p.r,ntrooper n trc rrbblc l'a: a s,r oeen c
cated rfd mL,s'rc'Jolcr lror tfe nenr .ni.is d-rr

1';rd:hc

'rq the

.L]

ne\t:o-rnd

c b! adrust::rg Ihe hil resolutrL,ir idr,lr rr,!l'leT
ir,T rr ".'

r.quired to sLrppfess t tirgct

llan.j erc:adcs roLrld oe lmcle:1lcntcd as to

-

Ihro\\ a D(. to ldcrlif-! !\hen lhe g'cnadc r!

thr.rtrf 2 n pniile

, otheFr se

ph;tc l

th or,,cr is c\pased duf n€ rh s phntc as
lor dlre.t ii'c
A grena.ie c.if bc thrcnr uptolir.m Thcg'.'
r;de aan rot bc thrc\!n oler an obitr.]clrof
lLi-thef thnn l;cm a\\ a) i]l\!h:ch.nqefhegr{]
radc r,rill erp ode on fie fearside al the fcol
o; thc obstru.tion li.hro,.!n over an cbstruc

Tlr--

ard l;.m;[a! rher] the gre'cn ai.l \! th n .:c.i of tfe fa, s;de
n.rde.an not
l'thro\,rn o!er fro.i le<. thar rLnr a$ay, then
he grerade \vr | ;nd rhe .an'c drstaf.e on

rior hirm

lf tfc llr-osef is !hor whllc tiro!.ing tfe grenad{] rhrow a lla ro find ihc d stance in cm to
the lan.lirg oolnt meaiL.cd ii ong the lrne

fror tfc

ca:u:r

t!

to

the frcrclecl tar€et

grcrade e\plooes at rhc cnd of the ne\:
pi;sl] T.rrgets .r.! eirher ourk back ar the
stad o: thc phase so as to redu.c poslrble
ans!all e! cr dltefnativel! .omplcle therr aa'
I he

lrons

;fd

take

lreir cfrtnces

Thrc!v a Db to ilnd the e\ pios on rad iu !
rrL ht r,|
\ q . F- r I l -

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rf .irl
-

'.

'lr. 'pl -ro
.--ntre rdrgcls;re hlt on '1 ; or l] Targel-r pa.
I \c L riror b r' +
!lL'.ep -i ,'
rh. .^pp"
or b A sun, vor5.nd .rn! figures tot.l -! be
h nd c.!.r mu t dl,cl( bn.k |]nri ihe end ol
lr 1

,p'r

J

I

Trcop erperief.e and Lr.rfine cnr be slmu
;lcd r\ ndd n€ or sL, blrd.lrrrg nrodifjers hom tfc
A:ho.r{hlie,Lr c!ha!ebeer.jesgrccforaqe' rnitl;rivefcll,thenlc!cmeris:arr'oil rnior lrr
n.r .l.icnpon drslinct tlres.;F bL- iflr.dured hit rc!o r,:lon forl

Ontrnnc

W

59


NEW_

IRREGULAR MINIATURES

Our great Posh 2/6/10/15/20mm
Catalosue is oui now ComDlete lvith
readahle text and laser sc; pictues!
t3.00 including samples
25mm caialosue + smple f,1.50

Heslington Roado York YOIO 5AP
TelrTa-x: Ol9O4 671l0l

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m"rrtior,\tr/^*ltlATURE
V VFdGAfunES"

rvhen contacting Advertisers

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oclpDc|r.fa?.'og
SUNDAY
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A & B VINI,ATURES AINSTY
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EVER VICTORIOUg MINIATLIBIs I:!EWUNE ICO]'I]
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Miniature Wargames No. 224


ESSEX MINIATURES
DBAV2lt4a

r218AD
100340
476'985A0
ltaliai Oslrogothk 493-56140
Eany gyzantine 493-54940

DBAV2
DBAV2

E"rly By/antrne 550 5?8
Viddle F?a\sf 496.6394D Arslras:"r or

DBAVzll/la
D8AV2lllrlb
DBAV2 |
DSAVZ I
0BAV2 |

1/1c

l/2
l/3

lrlr4b

lll.5d

DBAv2 lll

Early Slswends 580

O

Boh€mians 830
Olhers
Early Lombard 189 581AD

P

DBAV2 t/28
DBAV2 tl29

J

DBAV2lll/30a

x

D8AV2 t/30b
D8AV2 ti31

Burgundkr

5b

DBAV2 tlli32
D8AV2 lt33

CX

DBAV2lll€43
DBAV2 llliS4b

V

\eusrrLn. Aqr.rar.al o' Provenca

DBAV2lll,Bsa
D8AV2 fl/35b

OBAV2lll/10a Hindulidian545-l5l0AD
Harsha 606-647A0
Raiputs 747 1300AD

DBAV2 /10b

DBAV2 l{li35c
DBAV2 lll,BTa

DBAV2lll/10c

DBAV2

DBAV2lll/13a
DBAV2 /13b
DBAV2lll/1ra
DBAVz /14b
DBAV2ll/14c
DBAV2llr/16
DBAV2IINT
DBAV2lll/18
DBAV2lll/19a
DBAV2lll/20a
DBAV2

DBAV2 38
DBAV2 r39

Avar 553 558AD 631 82640
Avar 558 631AD
Eafly BLi 9ar 559-675A0
Early Bu gar8131018AD
Eafly Bu gar813J018AD
aza. 568- 1083AD
[4aurikian Byzant]ne 575 650A0
Breton 580 1072 AD
Welsh 580.1099
S!l& Farly T'ang Chinese
581 755AD SUl851-623AD

s

Abasid Arab 836'915AD
Arab lndian 751-12064D
L6leT'ang dnd F ve Dynasries
T
Chines€ 755-919A0
Norse Viking and Leldang 790'8494D
Nolse Viking and Leldang 850-1280,40 N
J
Leldang 790 1070AD
Leidang 107tr128040
o
Kh r lasanian Td harids 821-873A0
M
Saliadds 851-100340

G

DBAVzlll/43c

Sa ma m

DBAV2

Triba [4ongolian 840. 1218A0

/40d

DBAV2 t/43b

i

/44

DBAV2lll/45a
D8AV2 [/45b
DBAV2IIL/46

DBAV2 t/47
DBAV2 t/48
DBAVzIII/€
DBAVz f49

o
o

Conquest622 63840
Arab Conquesl 639-660A0

DBAV2 [1/25b

Feudal Spaiish 1202 1340AD
Feudal Spanish 1202-134040
Abbasid A6b 747 85540

G

DBAV2lll/43a

46b

DBAV2ll/25a

iT

KX
BX

Ita ian Lombard 581 ?71AD
Ita ian Lombard 775 l076AD
[,4iddle Anglo-Saxon 617-70040
[4iddleAnglo Saxon 701 1014A0

[]p4b

Eany Musl m Nodh Africa
Andalusian 710'775AD
Andalusian 766-1172A0
Feudal Spanish 718 95040

DBAVzl /40b

Tang 618'75540

[ /20b

s

0BAV2 ll140a

0BAV2

DBAV2lllr5l

o
o

i

DBAV2lll/40c

S

CX

Umay"yed 661 750AD
Volga Bulgar 6751237A0

H

Kh

DBAV2lll/21a
DBAV2 [ /21b
DBAV2ll/24a
DBAV2

D8AV2 ||E7b

D

Christia. Nubian 550 1500A0

r/12

Carolinian Franklsh 639-8884D
Themalic Byzanline 650 963A0
Magyar 650-895 AD 650€95AD
[4agyar 896-9974D

ESTABLTsHED 1s7s

T

ids 900-99gAD

Pre-Feldal scois 816 1051A0
Pre Feudal Scots 816 105tAD
Norse kish 846-1300AD
Pecheneg 850-1122A0
Rus 860 1054
Rus 860-1054

Tulunid or lqshidid Eglptian 868-969ADY
West Frankish or Norman 880-1072AD JX

POSTAGE AND PACKINC RATES FOH

Shannon Square,

Minimum

Thrmes Estuarv Industiial Estate,

ordefvaiue t15

Ell,";i$lltli Fb.f.T'ii5""igs
Please

t30

f70

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30

UK

TELEPI{ONE ORDEBS

t1.50
t4.00
t5 75
Post Freel Despatched

within 48 hours

--",t""fryffif;ffi$

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DBAV2 /55
DSAV? /57a

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Euyid or 0ther Dailami Dynaslies 927l090AD
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€13.20
€13.6('
€13.90
€14.30
€14.AO
€',t5-3('
€'t5.70
€t6.oo
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Ex €17,oo
FX E1'r.10
G)( €14,1('
HX €19.(Xt
lX €19,60
JX €20,OO
KX f20,20
LX €20,60
MX f22,OO
NX €22,30
0X €24,30
Px €27,9{t
ox €1a,6{'

€'t6.9('

when contactins Adverris€rs

TVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVT
7

The 22nd Anniversary

PLES
THE OCTAGON * SHEFFIELD
Saturday 23rd & Sunday 24th March 2002
DOORS OPEN 10:00am-5:30pm Saturday, 10:00am-5:00pm Sunday

f 3.00

uNDERlG&oAps E 2.OO
FIJRTHER DETAILS: Mr. L. Powell, 19 Chiltem Rd SHEFFIELD 56 4QX.

2DAyrcKEr

Or Email anthony.lineker@which.net

\

50+ TMDE SruNDS.
INCLUDING
LARGE BRINGAND BW

rA

N

Scors lslesand Highlands 1050149340 O

G

Our website has full lsmm.25mnr and accessoies
Cat6logues online, as well as secure online ordering facilities.

E!!ex Miniature!,
Unit 1, Shannon Centre.

888J106A0
890-1150AD
907-1125A0
Eaghad
Bebeh
D8AV2 t57b
P
Others
OBAV2 lll/57c
Dynastic Kufdish 9501085A0 Y
DBAV2 /60
Sung Chinese 960-1279AD
0BAV2 t/61
J
Early Polish 960 l200AD
DSAVz llli62a
K
DBAV2 /62b Early Polish 1201133540
Ghaznavid 962-100140
AX
DBAV2 lll/63a
HX
DSAVz /63b Ghaznavid 1002 118640
Nikephorlan Eyzantine
IIX
DBAV2 /64
Fatimid Egyptian 967-1171A0 HX
DBAV2 /65
IV
Early Hungaian 937 110240
0SAV2 lll/67a
DBAV2 /67b Early Hungarian 1103-1245AD N
Wesr Sudanese 1000-l591AD Z
DBAV2 /68
Anglo Danish 1014107540
G
DBAV2III''I
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DBAV?lllnza Communalltalian 1029 l199AD
Communailtalianl200l320A0 FX
DBAV2 III'2b
J
SeliukTu* 1037-'l276AD
0BAV2 lllt3a
N
DSAV2 t3b SeliukTu* Olhers
oBAV2
oBAV2

MANYDISPLIIY &
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P.M.C.,6l Harecroft Road, Wisbech, Cambs
Tel: 01945 581 803

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will b€ s€nt by Courier with a two day delivery from Date of Despatch
Smaller UK Orders may be s€nt by post
Overseas Orders witl be sent by post with postage charged at cost (appmximat€ly 507, of cost)
Please allow at least twenty eight days from date of placing your order
TSS ltems

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All Major Credit Cards Accepted