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Теги: английский язык учебники и учебные пособия по английскому языку
ISBN: 978-5-392-41839-8
Текст
Easy English
Наталья Яким
ОСНОВЫ
ГРАММАТИКИ
АНГЛИЙСКОГО
ЯЗЫКА
СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Москва
2025
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
Я45
Электронные версии книг
на сайте www.prospekt.org
Автор:
Яким Н. Л., учитель английского языка московской школы. Опыт педагогической деятельности с 2014 г. Эксперт ОГЭ и ЕГЭ.
Я45
Яким Н. Л.
Основы грамматики английского языка : сборник упражнений. —
Москва : Проспект, 2025. — 80 с. — (Серия Easy English).
ISBN 978-5-392-41839-8
Книга является нулевой частью серии практических пособий Easy English, дополняющей
теоретическое пособие «Просто грамматика английского языка». Она предназначена для
отработки первоначальных знаний и навыков в изучении грамматики английского языка. Поэтапное освоение тем поможет запомнить и систематизировать материал. Пособие
станет полезным дополнением к любому учебнику. Оно поможет понять новый, а также
повторить и осознать ранее изученный материал, ведь в нем сначала в наглядной форме
представлено правило, затем дано объяснение применения, а после идет отработка правила
на базе множества упражнений.
Сборник упражнений может использоваться как для самостоятельного изучения языка,
так и в качестве дополнительного материала в помощь учителю или репетитору.
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
Текст публикуется в авторской редакции.
Изображение на обложке deepyellow / Shutterstock.com
Учебное издание
Яким Наталья Леонидовна
ОСНОВЫ ГРАММАТИКИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Сборник упражнений
Подписано в печать 21.03.2025. Формат 70100 1/16.
Печать офсетная. Печ. л. 5,0. Тираж 2000 экз. Заказ №
ООО «Проспект»
111020, г. Москва, ул. Боровая, д. 7, стр. 4.
ISBN 978-5-392-41839-8
© Яким Н. Л., 2025
© ООО «Проспект», 2025
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Вашему вниманию предлагается серия книг с упражнениями Easy
English, являющаяся практическим дополнением к теоретическому
пособию «Просто грамматика английского языка». «Основы грамматики английского языка» — нулевая часть этой серии, направленная
на отработку первоначальных знаний и навыков.
Пособие представляет собой наглядный и поэтапный курс изучения базовой грамматики английского языка. Более того, пособие
может оказывать помощь действующим учителям и репетиторам, поскольку задания из этого сборника несколько лет апробировались на
московских школьниках в виде классных, домашних и самостоятельных работ и в слабых, и в сильных группах.
Учи правила, выполняй задания (это важно!) и самообразовывайся —
это твой первый шаг к изучению языка. Однако английский язык — это
не только грамматика, поэтому запоминай слова, не забывай слушать
английскую речь и практикуй язык письменно и устно. Английский — это
просто, полюби его. И помни, что это просто грамматика, пусть пособие станет твоим помощником.
Успехов и усердия!
Условные обозначения:
V — verb (первая форма глагола, начальная форма без частицы to)
V2 — verb: Past Simple (вторая форма глагола)
V3 — verb: Past Participle (третья форма глагола)
Vs(es) — verb (глагол) с окончанием (грамматическим суффиксом) -s(es)
(runs, does)
Ving — verb (глагол) с окончанием (грамматическим суффиксом) -ing (doing)
— утвердительное предложение
— отрицательное предложение
— вопросительное предложение
?
— глагол to be
1
— 1 слог
3
1. THE NUMERAL
ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ
CARDINAL
КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ
(СКОЛЬКО ?)
1–10
11–19
20–99
1 — one
11 — eleven
2 — two
12 — twelve
twenty
21 — twenty-one
3 — three
13 — thirteen
thirty
32 — thirty-two
4 — four
4 + teen = fourteen
4 + ty = FORty
43 — forty-three
5 — five
5 + teen = FIFteen*
5 + ty = FIFty
54 — fifty-four
6 — six
6 + teen = sixteen
6 + ty = sixty
65 — sixty-five
7 — seven
7 + teen = seventeen
7 + ty = seventy
76 — seventy-six
8 — eight
8 + teen =eighteen
8 + ty = eighty
87 — eighty-seven
9 — nine
9 + teen = nineteen
9 + ty = ninety
98 — ninety-eight
100
1 000
1 000 000
100 — a hundred
200 — two hundred [без s]
320 — three hundred and twenty
1 000 — a thousand
2 000 — two thousand [без s]
3 002 — three thousand and two
3 020 — three thousand and
twenty
3 200 — three thousand and two
hundred
3 205 — three thousand two
hundred and five
32 000 — thirty-two thousand
320 000 — three hundred and
twenty thousand
1 000 000 —
a million
2 000 000 — two
million [без s]
10 — ten
* Обрати внимание на написание слов, корень которых написан верхним регистром.
4
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
ORDINAL
ПОРЯДКОВЫЕ
(КАКОЙ?)
первый
the first
второй
the second
третий
the third
the число + th
the fourth, the FIFth, the sixth, the seventh, the EIGHth, the NINth, the eleventh,
the fourteenth, the FIFtyth, the sixty-NINth
[изменяется окончание (как в русском)]
A + число + th ЕЩЕ ОДИН
1.1 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 90 + 19 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 30 + 12 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 60 + 13 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 50 + 17 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 40 + 15 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 70 + 16 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 80 + 14 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 20 + 18 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 100 + 11 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
10. 400 + 10 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
5
1.2 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 11 + 23 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 25 + 12 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 17 + 22 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 25 + 37 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 40 + 22 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 35 + 50 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 70 + 11 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 52 + 13 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 300 + 67 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
10. 200 + 76 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.3 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 12 + 56 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 23 + 18 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 71 + 14 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 50 + 13 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 11 + 39 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 23 + 71 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 37 + 48 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 62 + 24 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
9. 400 + 82 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
10. 500 + 58 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.4 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 14 + 33 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 27 + 44 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 23 + 50 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 20 + 16 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 19 + 55 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 44 + 15 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 31 + 22 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 73 + 11 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 500 + 19 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
10. 600 + 31 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.5 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 15 + 70 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 25 + 60 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 38 + 21 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 60 + 12 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 19 + 66 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 13 + 33 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
7
7. 41 + 34 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 53 + 41 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 800 + 17 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
10. 900 + 86 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.6 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 1000 + 47 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 3000 + 232 = _________________ + _____________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 4000 + 361 = _________________ + _____________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 30.000 + 5000 + 873 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _______________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 200.000 + 8000 + 659 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _______________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 1.000.000 + 2000 + 748 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _______________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 2.000.000 + 6000 + 594 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _______________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 5.000.000 + 7000 + 925 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _______________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 7.000.000 + 9000 + 86 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _______________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.7 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 1000 + 84 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 2000 + 963 = _________________ + _____________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
3. 5000 + 259 = _________________ + _____________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 20.000 + 3000 + 234 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 300.000 + 7000 + 723 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 1.000.000 + 2000 + 619 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 4.000.000 + 1000 + 335 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
8. 3.000.000 + 5000 + 417 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 7.000.000 + 8000 + 38 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.8 Write the numbers in words and write the result.
1. 2000 + 25 = _______________________ + _______________________ =
______________________________________________________________
2. 9000 + 365 = _________________ + _____________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
3. 5000 + 134 = _________________ + _____________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
4. 30.000 + 7000 + 873 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
5. 200.000 + 1000 + 659 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
6. 1.000.000 + 9000 + 492 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
7. 2.000.000 + 8000 + 271 = __________________________________ +
_________________ + _________________________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
9
8. 5.000.000 + 3000 + 676 = __________________________________ +
_____________________________ + ______________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
9. 7.000.000 + 2000 + 24 = __________________________________ +
_____________________________ + ______________________________ =
______________________________________________________________
1.9 Translate the numbers.
1. Шестой _____________________________________________________
2. Двенадцатый _________________________________________________
3. Семьдесят второй _____________________________________________
4. Четвертый ___________________________________________________
5. Тринадцатый _________________________________________________
6. Первый ______________________________________________________
7. Семнадцатый _________________________________________________
8. Восьмой _____________________________________________________
9. Пятый _______________________________________________________
10. Третий _____________________________________________________
1.10 Translate the numbers.
1. Пятнадцатый ________________________________________________
2. Одиннадцатый _______________________________________________
3. Пятьдесят четвертый __________________________________________
4. Девятый _____________________________________________________
5. Девятнадцатый _______________________________________________
6. Шестьдесят пятый ____________________________________________
7. Двадцать первый _____________________________________________
8. Второй ______________________________________________________
9. Седьмой _____________________________________________________
10. Восемнадцатый _____________________________________________
1.11 Translate the numbers.
1. Восемьдесят седьмой __________________________________________
2. Девяносто восьмой ____________________________________________
3. Шестнадцатый ________________________________________________
4. Четырнадцатый _______________________________________________
5. Десятый ______________________________________________________
6. Семьдесят шестой _____________________________________________
7. Сорок третий _________________________________________________
10
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
8. Тридцать второй _______________________________________________
9. Шестьдесят первый ____________________________________________
10. Пятьдесят девятый ___________________________________________
1.12 Translate the numbers.
1. Шестьдесят четвертый __________________________________________
2. Тридцать пятый _______________________________________________
3. Двенадцатый __________________________________________________
4. Одиннадцатый ________________________________________________
5. Шестой ______________________________________________________
6. Тридцать второй ______________________________________________
7. Пятьдесят седьмой _____________________________________________
8. Двадцать шестой ______________________________________________
9. Тридцать пятый _______________________________________________
10. Шестьдесят первый ___________________________________________
1.13 Translate.
Example: первое сентября — the first of September
1. Второе октября ________________________________________________
2. Третье ноября _________________________________________________
3. Четвертое декабря _____________________________________________
4. Пятое января _________________________________________________
5. Шестое февраля _______________________________________________
6. Восемнадцатое февраля ________________________________________
7. Двадцать второе июня __________________________________________
8. Двадцать третье июля __________________________________________
9. Двадцать четвертое августа ______________________________________
10. Девятнадцатое марта __________________________________________
1.14 Translate.
Example: первое сентября — the first of September
1. Двенадцатое августа ___________________________________________
2. Тринадцатое сентября __________________________________________
3. Десятое июня _________________________________________________
4. Одиннадцатое июля ___________________________________________
5. Пятнадцатое ноября ___________________________________________
6. Двадцать седьмое ноября _______________________________________
7. Двадцать восьмое декабря ______________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
11
8. Двадцать девятое января ________________________________________
9. Шестнадцатое декабря _________________________________________
10. Семнадцатое января __________________________________________
1.15 Translate.
Example: первое сентября — the first of September
1. Двадцатое апреля ______________________________________________
2. Двадцать первое мая ___________________________________________
3. Седьмое марта ________________________________________________
4. Двадцать пятое сентября _______________________________________
5. Двадцать шестое октября _______________________________________
6. Четырнадцатое октября ________________________________________
7. Восьмое апреля _______________________________________________
8. Девятое мая ___________________________________________________
9. Тридцатое февраля _____________________________________________
10. Тридцать первое марта ________________________________________
1.16 Translate.
Example: первое сентября — the first of September
1. Тридцатое июня _______________________________________________
2. Двадцать второе апреля _________________________________________
3. Шестое июля __________________________________________________
4. Двадцать третье сентября _______________________________________
5. Двадцать четвертое ноября ______________________________________
6. Шестое августа ________________________________________________
7. Девятое февраля _______________________________________________
8. Второе октября ________________________________________________
9. Тридцатое декабря _____________________________________________
10. Тридцать первое января _______________________________________
12
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
2. PLURAL NOUNS
МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ
1. Добавить к существительному -S
a dog (собака) — dogs (собаки) a girl (девочка) — girls (девочки)
a cat (кошка) — cats (кошки)
a boy (мальчик) — boys (мальчики)
a toy (игрушка) — toys (игрушки)
a house (дом) — houses (дома)
2. Единственное число заканчивается на -O, -CH, -SH, -S, -X —
добавляем -ES
a potato (картошка) –potatOES
Исключения:
(картошки)
photOS (фотографии)
a watch (наручные часы — 1 шт.) — pianOS (пианино — несколько шт.)
discOS (дискотеки)
watCHES (часы — несколько шт.)
zoOS (зоопарки)
a bush (куст) — buSHES (кусты)
videOS (видео — несколько шт.)
a bus (автобус) — buSES (автобусы) radiOS (радио — несколько шт.)
a fox (лиса) — foXES (лисы)
3. Единственное число заканчивается на СОГЛАСНЫЙ+-Y -IES
stoRY (история) — storIES (истории)
Но: гласный+y — cм. п.1.
a lorRY (грузовик) — lorRIES (грузовики)
4. Единственное число заканчивается на -F/FE -VES
a liFE (жизнь) — liVES (жизни)
Исключения:
a halF (половина) — halVES
roofs (крыши)
(половины)
proofs (доказательства)
a kniFE (нож) — kniVES (ножи)
chefs (шеф-повара)
chiefs (шефы)
cliffs (утесы)
handkerchiefs (носовые платки)
5. Чередование гласной:
a man (мужчина) — men (мужчины)
a woman (женщина) — women
(женщины)
a tooth (зуб) — teeth (зубы)
a child (ребенок) — children (дети)
a foot (ступня) — feet (ступни)
a goose (гусь) — geese (гуси)
a mouse (мышь) — mice
(мыши)
an ox (буйвол) — oxen (буйволы)
a person (человек) — people
(люди)
6. Одинаковые формы:
a deer (олень) — deer (олени)
a sheep (овца) — sheep (овцы)
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
13
7. Форма зависит от смысла:
ЕДА
ВИДЫ/ПЛОДЫ
A FISH — FISH
There is different fish on the plate.
(На тарелке — много рыбы = еды.)
I like fish. (Я люблю рыбу = еду.)
A FISH — FISHES
There are different fishes: tuna, salmon
and flatfish in the sea. (В море — разная
рыба (= виды): тунец, лосось и камбала.)
I see fishes. (Я вижу рыбу = разные
виды.)
A FRUIT — FRUIT
There is different fruit on the table.
(На столе — разные фрукты = еда.)
I like fruit. (Я люблю фрукты = еду.)
A FRUIT — FRUITS
There are different fruits: apples, oranges
and bananas on the table.
(На столе — разные фрукты (= виды):
яблоки, апельсины и бананы.)
I like fruits, for example, apples.
(Я люблю фрукты, например яблоки
[фрукты = яблоки = виды].)
the fruits of labour — плоды труда
2.1 Make the nouns plural.
1. an ox — ______________________________________________________
2. an orange — ___________________________________________________
3. an apple — ____________________________________________________
4. an actress — ___________________________________________________
5. a woman — ____________________________________________________
6. a wolf — ______________________________________________________
7. a watch — _____________________________________________________
8. a video — ______________________________________________________
9. a tree — _______________________________________________________
10. a toy — ______________________________________________________
2.2 Make the nouns plural.
1. a tooth — _____________________________________________________
2. a tomato — ____________________________________________________
3. a tiger — ______________________________________________________
4. a strawberry — ________________________________________________
5. a star — ______________________________________________________
6. a sheep — _____________________________________________________
7. a carrot — _____________________________________________________
8. a radish — ____________________________________________________
9. a potato — ____________________________________________________
10. a play — _____________________________________________________
14
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
2.3 Make the nouns plural.
1. a pie — _______________________________________________________
2. a piano — ____________________________________________________
3. a photo — ____________________________________________________
4. a pet — _______________________________________________________
5. a person — ____________________________________________________
6. a pen — ______________________________________________________
7. a peach — ____________________________________________________
8. a party — _____________________________________________________
9. a panda — ____________________________________________________
10. a mouse — ___________________________________________________
2.4 Make the nouns plural.
1. a monkey — ___________________________________________________
2. a man — _____________________________________________________
3. a lottery — ____________________________________________________
4. a lorry — _____________________________________________________
5. a life — ______________________________________________________
6. a library — ____________________________________________________
7. a knife — _____________________________________________________
8. a hero — _____________________________________________________
9. a hare — _____________________________________________________
10. a grape — ____________________________________________________
2.5 Make the nouns plural.
1. a goose — ____________________________________________________
2. a glass — _____________________________________________________
3. a giraffe — ____________________________________________________
4. a fox — _______________________________________________________
5. a foot — ______________________________________________________
6. a fly — _______________________________________________________
7. a flower — ____________________________________________________
8. a fisherman — _________________________________________________
9. a fireman — ___________________________________________________
10. a ferry — _____________________________________________________
2.6 Make the nouns plural.
1. a family — ____________________________________________________
2. a dish — ______________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
15
3. a dictionary — _________________________________________________
4. a deer — ______________________________________________________
5. a cucumber — _________________________________________________
6. a criminal — __________________________________________________
7. a class — _____________________________________________________
8. a city — ______________________________________________________
9. a child — _____________________________________________________
10. a ray — _______________________________________________________
2.7 Translate and write the numbers in words:
1. 5 вишен — ___________________________________________________
2. 18 бабочек — _________________________________________________
3. 5 щенков — __________________________________________________
4. 30 мальчиков — ______________________________________________
5. 13 коробок — _________________________________________________
6. 4 босса — ____________________________________________________
7. 12 птиц — ____________________________________________________
8. 7 медведей — _________________________________________________
9. 123 батарейки — ______________________________________________
10. 11 бананов — _________________________________________________
2.8 Translate and write the numbers in words:
1. 12 учителей __________________________________________________
2. 15 магазинов _________________________________________________
3. 11 детей _____________________________________________________
4. 29 мышей ___________________________________________________
5. 13 гусей _____________________________________________________
6. 14 овец ______________________________________________________
7. 50 домашних животных _______________________________________
8. 32 зуба ______________________________________________________
9. 2 ноги _______________________________________________________
10. 176 фотографий ______________________________________________
2.9 Translate and write the numbers in words:
1. 53 буйвола ___________________________________________________
2. 29 куриц _____________________________________________________
3. 90 оленей ____________________________________________________
4. 3 помидора __________________________________________________
5. 5 картофелин ________________________________________________
6. 40 деревьев __________________________________________________
7. 135 коробок _________________________________________________
16
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
8. 18 клубник __________________________________________________
9. 13 ручек _____________________________________________________
10. 19 карандашей _______________________________________________
2.10 Translate and write the numbers in words.
1. 9 дискотек ___________________________________________________
2. 2 утеса ______________________________________________________
3. *Фрукты полезны для здоровья. _________________________________
4. 5 видов морских рыб __________________________________________
5. 2 поцелуя ____________________________________________________
6. 4 крыши ____________________________________________________
7. 3 факела _____________________________________________________
8. 81 рыба ______________________________________________________
9. Яблоки — это фрукты. _________________________________________
10. 12 зоопарков _________________________________________________
2.11 Translate and write the numbers in words.
1. 4 пианино ___________________________________________________
2. 7 видов речных рыб ___________________________________________
3. 11 местных фруктов ___________________________________________
4. 31 доказательство _____________________________________________
5. 50 рыб ______________________________________________________
6. 14 шефов ____________________________________________________
7. 28 блюд _____________________________________________________
8. 18 цирков ___________________________________________________
9. *Люди едят фрукты. ___________________________________________
10. 200 видео ___________________________________________________
2.12 Translate and write the numbers in words.
1. 350 фотографий ______________________________________________
2. *Мы покупаем фрукты. ________________________________________
3. 60 рыб ______________________________________________________
4. плоды обучения ______________________________________________
5. 7 шеф-поваров ________________________________________________
6. 22 автобуса __________________________________________________
7. 4 наручных часов _____________________________________________
8. 12 видов экзотических рыб _____________________________________
9. 30 носовых платков ___________________________________________
10. 5 радио ______________________________________________________
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
17
2.13 Translate and write the numbers in words.
1. 52 дерева ____________________________________________________
2. 7 персиков ___________________________________________________
3. 13 акул ______________________________________________________
4. 5 крыс ______________________________________________________
5. 9 пчел _______________________________________________________
6. 60 оленей ____________________________________________________
7. 15 волков ____________________________________________________
8. 60 медведей __________________________________________________
9. 12 тренеров __________________________________________________
10. 25 мышей ___________________________________________________
2.14 Translate and write the numbers in words.
1. 215 историй __________________________________________________
2. 13 человек ___________________________________________________
3. 28 детей _____________________________________________________
4. 67 овец ______________________________________________________
5. 10 игрушек __________________________________________________
6. 13 машин ____________________________________________________
7. 9 щеток _____________________________________________________
8. 60 мостов ____________________________________________________
9. 27 стульев ____________________________________________________
10. 40 ножей ____________________________________________________
18
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
3. NOUN COUNTABILITY
ИСЧИСЛЯЕМОСТЬ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ
Countable
Исчисляемые
Uncountable
Неисчисляемые
можно посчитать
[ЕДИНСТВЕННОЕ
И МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО]
нельзя посчитать: льется, сыпется,
материал
[ЕДИНСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО]
a cat (кот), a house (дом), a tree (дерево),
a car (машина), a boy (мальчик),
a glass (стеклянный стакан)
sugar (сахар), sand (песок), water (вода),
tea (чай), glass (стекло)
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ
Исчисляемые
Неисчисляемые
? /после too
MANY
I don’t have many apples.
(У меня нет много яблок.)
Do you have many apples?
(У тебя есть много яблок?)
? / после too
MUCH
She doesn’t have much sugar.
(У нее нет много сахара.)
Does she have much sugar?
(У нее есть много сахара?)
много
?
A FEW +
I have a few apples. (У меня
есть несколько яблок.)
I don’t have a few apples.
(У меня нет несколько яблок.)
Do you have a few apples?
(У тебя есть немного яблок?)
?
A LITTLE +
She has a little sugar. (У нее
есть немного сахара.)
She doesn’t have a little sugar.
(У нее нет немного сахара.)
Does she have a little sugar?
(У нее есть немного сахара?)
несколько
(немного)
FEW +
?
I have few apples. (У меня есть
мало яблок.)
I don’t have few apples.
(У меня нет мало яблок.)
Do you have few apples?
(У тебя практически нет яблок?)
?
LITTLE +
She has little sugar. (У нее есть
мало сахара.)
She doesn’t have little sugar.
(У нее нет мало сахара.)
Does she have little sugar?
(У нее практически нет сахара?)
A LOT OF (LOTS OF) +
We have a lot of (lots of) apples/sugar. (У нас есть много яблок/сахара.)
SOME +
We have some apples/sugar. (У нас есть немного яблок/сахара.)
?
ANY
We don’t have any apples/sugar. (У нас нет никаких яблок/никакого сахара.)
Do we have any apples/sugar? (У нас есть какие-нибудь яблоки/
какой-нибудь сахар?)
NO +
! В английском предложении может быть ТОЛЬКО ОДНО отрицание!
We have no apples/sugar. (У нас нет яблок/сахара.)
мало
(практически
нет)
много
несколько
(немного)
несколько,
какой-либо
нет
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
19
ТОЛЬКО МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО
ТОЛЬКО ЕДИНСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО
jeans (джинсы)
trousers (брюки)
clothes (одежда)
goods (товары)
shorts (шорты)
glasses (очки)
scissors (ножницы)
money (деньги)
hair (волосы)
information (информация)
knowledge (знания)
progress (прогресс)
success (успех)
advice (советы)
news (новости)
furniture (мебель)
luggage (багаж)
weather (погода)
3.1 Sort the nouns into countable and uncountable nouns.
bottle, bag, coffee, girl, homework, cheese, flower, sugar, juice, carrot, lemon, apple, money
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
3.2 Sort the nouns into countable and uncountable nouns.
tomato, flour, onion, muffin, milk, salt, egg, vegetable, tea, chair, bread, water, information
Countable nouns
3.3 Fill in: much or many.
1. _________________ sugar
2. _________________ juice
3. _________________ flowers
4. _________________ carrots
5. _________________ water
6. _________________ vegetables
7. _________________ tomatoes
8. _________________ tea
9. _________________ salt
10. _________________ rice
20
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
Uncountable nouns
3.4 Fill in: much or many.
1. _________________ onions
2. _________________ muffins
3. _________________ money
4. _________________ milk
5. _________________ lemons
6. _________________ information
7. _________________ homework
8. _________________ grapes
9. _________________ girls
10. _________________ flour
3.5 Fill in: much or many.
1. _________________ eggs
2. _________________ coffee
3. _________________ cheese
4. _________________ chairs
5. _________________ bread
6. _________________ bottles
7. _________________ books
8. _________________ bananas
9. _________________ bags
10. _________________ apples
3.6 Fill in: a few or a little.
1. _________________ paper
2. _________________ monkeys
3. _________________ adults
4. _________________ cotton
5. _________________ gold
6. _________________ animals
7. _________________ equipment
8. _________________ luggage
9. _________________ articles
10. _________________ words
3.7 Fill in: a few or a little.
1. _________________ cars
2. _________________ camps
3. _________________ porridge
4. _________________ castles
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
21
5. _________________
6. _________________
7. _________________
8. _________________
9. _________________
10. _________________
oil
meat
meals
cigarettes
traffic
cakes
3.8 Fill in: a few or a little.
1. _________________ burgers
2. _________________ cream
3. _________________ cards
4. _________________ brothers
5. _________________ grass
6. _________________ sentences
7. _________________ children
8. _________________ success
9. _________________ houses
10. _________________ butter
3.9 Fill in: few or little.
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________
5. _________________
6. _________________
7. _________________
8. _________________
9. _________________
10. _________________
bikes
air
fire
carpets
fuel
hair
books
caps
danger
fame
3.10 Fill in: few or little.
1. _________________ energy
2. _________________ jam
3. _________________ ears
4. _________________ eyes
5. _________________ fingers
6. _________________ help
7. _________________ iron
8. _________________ cows
9. _________________ daughters
10. _________________ goats
22
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
3.11 Fill in: few or little.
1. _________________ hands
2. _________________ irons
3. _________________ glass
4. _________________ magic
5. _________________ emails
6. _________________ luck
7. _________________ factories
8. _________________ love
9. _________________ keys
10. _________________ oxygen
3.12 Fill in: much, many, a few, a little, few or little.
1. We have _________________ milk left. We should buy it.
2. I have _________________ lemonade. The bottle is almost empty.
3. They have _________________ cheese, you can take some.
4. There are _________________ apples in the bowl, you can take one.
5. She has _________________ bottles of milk but it’s better to buy more.
6. Is there _________________ bread on the table? Do you need more?
7. I have _________________ friends, only one.
8. I don’t have _________________ wool. I need more.
9. How _________________ people are there in the park?
10. Don’t eat _________________ sweets or you will be fat.
3.13 Fill in: much, many, a few, a little, few or little.
1. He has _________________ bottles of milk, he should buy some.
2. How _________________ time do you have? Can we talk?
3. How _________________ videos are there?
4. You have _________________ milk left but it’s enough to add to my coffee.
5. She has _________________ money in the wallet, only one coin.
6. I have _________________ money, I can buy something cheap.
7. She has _________________ potatoes in the box, it’s almost empty.
8. There are _________________ toy cars in my collection. Would you like to
change one?
9. There isn’t _________________ snow outside. We can’t make a snowman.
10. We don’t have _________________ vegetables in the fridge. We should go to
the shop.
3.14 Fill in: much, many, a few, a little, few or little.
1. Does he spend _________________ money on clothes? Is he a millionaire?
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
23
2. He doesn’t eat _________________ fast food. He eats healthy food.
3. How _________________ houses are there?
4. I don’t have _________________ friends. I have one.
5. We know _________________ information about him, almost nothing.
6. You have _________________ oranges, there are only two.
7. There is _________________ flour, it isn’t enough.
8. There are _________________ strawberries in the fridge, we can make a pie.
9. There are _________________ eggs, we can cook an omelet.
10. I have _________________ furniture but it’s enough.
3.15 Fill in: much, many or a lot of.
1. We visit _________________ cities.
2. We eat too _________________ meat.
3. We don’t have _________________ juice.
4. They don’t wait for _________________ guests.
5. There isn’t _________________ noise.
6. There are _________________ tourists in Moscow.
7. Magicians show _________________ tricks.
8. I know too _________________ actors.
9. How _________________ people are there?
10. How _________________ information is there?
3.16 Fill in: much, many or a lot of.
1. He doesn’t need _________________ work.
2. How _________________ doctors do you visit?
3. How _________________ news do you get?
4. I don’t know _________________ information.
5. She meets too _________________ singers.
6. There are _________________ museums in London.
7. They don’t write _________________ poems.
8. They drink too _________________ water.
9. They waste _________________ money.
10. They have _________________ work.
3.17 Fill in: much, many or a lot of.
1. She doesn’t drink _________________ soda.
2. She eats too _________________ salt.
3. There are _________________ theatres in the center.
4. They visit too _________________ parks.
5. We have _________________ students.
24
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
6. We get _________________ presents.
7. I haven’t got _________________ money.
8. How _________________ porridge would you like?
9. How _________________ facts does he know?
10. He can’t play _________________ games.
3.18 Fill in: some or any.
1. Do you have _________________ flowers?
2. Let’s buy _________________ food.
3. My friend doesn’t want _________________ hens.
4. There isn’t _________________ cheese left.
5. The boy should bring _________________ notebooks.
6. Has he got _________________ games?
7. He speaks _________________ foreign languages.
8. There is _________________ soup.
9. We want to see _________________ tigers.
10. Would you like _________________ grapes?
3.19 Fill in: some or any.
1. You should do _________________ tests.
2. Would you like to visit _________________ museums?
3. They understand _________________ words.
4. There isn’t _________________ equipment left.
5. There is _________________ lemonade.
6. Let’s buy _________________ salt.
7. I want _________________ eggs.
8. He doesn’t attend _________________ events.
9. Has she got _________________ pens?
10. Do you have _________________ pets?
3.20 Fill in: some or any.
1. Do you have _________________ money?
2. Do you like _________________ books?
3. I want to watch _________________ new films.
4. There aren’t _________________ trainings today.
5. There is _________________ litter on the floor.
6. We have _________________ flowers.
7. Have we got _________________ coal?
8. He never brings _________________ coffee.
9. He takes _________________ food.
10. I don’t understand _________________ phrases.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
25
3.21 Fill in: a lot of, some, any or no.
1. There is _________________ rice in the box. It’s enough.
2. There are _________________ shops nearby. I don’t know where to buy
a bottle of water.
3. I have _________________ coins and I can share one with you.
4. I eat _________________ vegetables and I am healthy.
5. There is _________________ bread on the table. We don’t need more,
it’s more than enough.
6. I don’t have _________________ money. I’m poor.
7. He has _________________ money. He is poor.
8. Do you know _________________ doctors?
9. Are there _________________ strangers?
10. There aren’t _________________ cafes nearby. I don’t know where to eat.
3.22 Fill in: a lot of, some, any or no.
1. Are there _________________ prizes?
2. There are _________________ videos in the folder, they are almost a hundred.
3. We don’t need _________________ help. We can do it on our own.
4. Do we need _________________ advice?
5. I have _________________ time and we can talk for several hours.
6. I want _________________ more tea.
7. There are _________________ children in the park. It’s almost empty.
8. There aren’t _________________ people in the park. It’s almost empty.
9. There are _________________ potatoes left. We can cook soup.
10. We need _________________ help. We can do it ourselves.
3.23 Fill in: a lot of, some, any or no.
1. Are there _________________ onions left?
2. Do we need _________________ news?
3. He eats _________________ fast food. He doesn’t eat healthy food.
4. He spends _________________ money on clothes. He is a millionaire.
5. I don’t have _________________ vegetables. I’m hungry.
6. I have _________________ cucumbers. I can’t cook a salad.
7. There are _________________ tickets left. We can buy one.
8. There are _________________ letters from him. I know nothing.
9. There isn’t _________________ information about him. I know nothing.
10. We have _________________ meat. We can bake it.
26
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
4. THE PRONOUN
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
• задаем вопрос выбираем местоимение
1. PERSONAL
Личные
местоимения
(кто?)
2. OBJECTIVE
3. POSSESSIVE
Объектные
Притяжательные местоимения
местоимения
(чей?)
(кого/чего? кому/
Совмещенная
Абсолютная форма
чему? кого/что?
форма
[БЕЗ существикем/чем? о ком/чем?) [+ существительное]
тельного]
I
(я)
me
(меня, мне, мной)
my [toy]
(мой)
mine
(мой)
we
(мы)
us
(нас, нам, нами)
our [toy]
(наш)
ours
(наш)
you
(ты, вы)
you
(тебя/вас, тебе/вам)
your [toy]
(твой)
yours
(твой)
he
(он)
him
(его, ему, им, о нем)
his [toy]
(его)
his
(его)
she
(она)
her
(ее, ей, ею, о ней)
her [toy]
(ее)
hers
(ее)
it
(оно)
it
(его, ему, им, о нем)
its [toy]
(его/ее)
–
they
(они)
them
(их, им, ими, о них)
their [toy]
(их)
theirs
(их)
4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Указательные местоимения
единственное число
близко / наст. (будущее) время
this (этот)
далеко / прошедшее время
that (тот)
множественное число
these (эти)
those (те)
5. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Возвратные местоимения
I (я)
myself (я сам)
we (мы)
ourselves (мы сами)
you (ты, вы)
yourselves (вы сами)
yourself (ты сам)
he (он)
himself (он сам)
she (она)
herself (она сама)
it (оно)
itself (оно само)
they (они)
themselves (они сами)
а не кто-то другой
* by myself/by yourself — самостоятельно (без чьей-то помощи, один)
** MYSELF НЕ употребляется ПОСЛЕ глаголов: wash (мыть), shave (брить), dress (одевать), feel (чувствовать), meet (встречать), relax (расслабляться), concentrate (сосредоточиться)
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
27
6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Относительные местоимения
• образуют специальные вопросы
• образуют сложные предложения после местоимения — ПРЯМОЙ
порядок слов
who
кто, который (о людях)
whose
чей
what
что, какой: о предметах / о людях (занятия, деятельность)
which
который (есть выбор из чего) — о людях и предметах
whom
кем
7. DEFINING PRONOUNS
Определительные местоимения
neither
ни один
+ существительное
в ед. ч.
neither of
+ артикль/
местоимение +
существительное во мн. ч.
either
+ существительное в ед. ч.
either of
+ артикль/
местоимение +
существительное во мн. ч.
+
Neither book_ is boring.
(Ни одна из книг не скучная.)
I have a lot of books. Neither of the
books is boring. (У меня много книг.
глагол
Ни одна из книг не скучная.)
в ед. ч.
(глагол
во мн. ч. –
любой, каждый ИЗ ДВУХ +
неформально) I have two books. You can choose
either book_. (У меня две книги.
Ты можешь выбрать любую книгу.)
Either of my books is interesting.
(Любая из моих книг интересная.)
ОБА/ОБЕ
both
both of
28
оба, обе
+ (the) + существительное
во мн. ч.
+ артикль/
местоимение +
существительное во мн. ч.
neither
+ существительное в ед. ч.
neither of
+ артикль/
местоимение +
существительное во мн. ч.
+
Both boys like football. (Оба маль-
чика любят футбол.)
Both of my sons like football.
(Оба моих сына любят футбол.)
глагол во мн. ч.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
оба, обе НЕ
+
Neither boy likes football.
(Оба мальчика НЕ любят футбол.)
Neither of my sons like football.
(Оба моих сына НЕ любят футбол.)
ТОЖЕ НЕТ
neither
тоже нет
either
тоже нет
+
I like it neither. (Я не люблю это тоже.)
I don’t like it either. (Я не люблю это тоже.)
КОНСТРУКЦИИ
either…or…
либо…, либо…
+
I want either tea or coffee. (Я хочу либо чай, либо
кофе.)
ни…, ни…
I don’t want either tea or coffee. (Я НЕ хочу ни чай,
ни кофе.)
neither…nor…
ни…, ни…
+
I want neither tea nor coffee. (Я НЕ хочу ни чай,
ни кофе.)
both…and…
и…, и…
+
I want both tea and coffee. (Я хочу и чай, и кофе.)
ДРУГИЕ
other + существительное
во мн. ч.
другие
other films
another + существительное
в ед. ч.
другой
another film
the other + существительное
в ед. ч.
другой ИЗ ДВУХ
the other side of the coin
(the) others
[БЕЗ существительного]
другие
I think this way. Others think another way.
PERSONAL, OBJECTIVE, POSSESIVE,
DEMONSTRATIVE & REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
4.1 Fill in the necessary pronoun.
1. This is Bob. This car is _______________.
2. I have a cat. The cat is _______________.
3. This is _______________ business. I own it.
4. We are going to the cinema. Would you like to join _______________?
5. I can’t come to Kate. I can’t visit _______________.
6. I don’t ask _______________, don’t answer!
7. I like reading magazines. I like _______________.
8. These are my rats. _______________ names are Benny and Ronny.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
29
9. This is my rat. _______________ name is Benny.
10. This table is old. _______________ colour is red.
4.2 Fill in the necessary pronoun.
1. Alice and Mary are playing sports. I see _______________.
2. Give the book to _______________. We want to read it.
3. I have a parrot. The parrot is _______________.
4. I will send _______________ a message a bit later, wait please.
5. These are my cats. _______________ names are Bob and Tom.
6. This dress is new. _______________ size is big.
7. This is _______________ brother. We have the same parents.
8. This is Max. This house is _______________.
9. This is my cat. _______________ name is Bob.
10. We hear Olga. We hear _______________.
4.3 Fill in the necessary pronoun.
1. We work with Mary. We don’t like _______________. She is rude.
2. This is my dog. _______________ name is Roy.
3. This is Leo. This father is _______________.
4. These are my dogs. _______________ names are Roy and Toy.
5. The lake is deep. _______________ depth is 1600 meters.
6. Mr. Brown is _______________ boss. I do everything he asks.
7. I will go with my friends. You don’t know _______________.
8. I have a puppy. The puppy is _______________.
9. He will give _______________ the book if you want it.
10. Could you help _______________, please? We don’t understand how to do it.
4.4 Fill in the necessary pronoun.
1. Would you like to visit _______________? I miss you.
2. What is _______________ job? What do you do?
3. This text is _______________. You’ve written it perfectly.
4. This phone is _______________. I am the owner.
5. This is Leo. He drives _______________ car.
6. This is _______________ TV, not _______________. We’ve bought it, not she.
7. These parents are _______________. We are their children.
8. The parking is _______________. They park the car there.
9. She loves _______________ picture. She has drawn _______________.
10. I don’t know Tom. I’ve never met _______________.
30
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
4.5 Fill in the necessary pronoun.
1. We eat _______________ food, not _______________. Don’t worry, we’ve
brought it.
2. This is Jim. This is _______________ cat.
3. These documents are _______________. I will prepare them.
4. Pass _______________ some sugar, please. I want to add it.
5. I know this boy. I see _______________ every morning.
6. The house is _______________. We are its owner.
7. This is _______________ book. She has written _______________.
8. These are _______________ problems and you should deal with them.
9. This is Ann’s coat. This is _______________.
10. This mistake is _______________. They’ve made it.
4.6 Fill in the necessary pronoun.
1. This is Mark. These are _______________ parents.
2. These bikes are _______________. I’ve bought them.
3. Please, don’t ask _______________. I don’t know the answer.
4. I think about _______________. He is very great.
5. This is _______________ homework, not _______________. We have done it,
not they.
6. This pen is _______________. She gave it to me.
7. Mrs. Loan is my teacher but not _______________ because I’m her student
but not you.
8. We’ve made the project. It’s _______________.
9. This is _______________ problem and she will solve _______________.
10. _______________ idea is perfect! You are genious.
4.7 Translate.
1. Его стул ___________________________________________________________
2. Думать о них ______________________________________________________
3. *Те дома мои. _____________________________________________________
4. Наш друг __________________________________________________________
5. *Она ест сама. ____________________________________________________
6. Та футболка _______________________________________________________
7. *Ты водишь машину сам. /Вы водите машину сами. ______________
______________________________________________________________
8. *Я чувствую себя счастливым. ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
31
9. Этот рисунок ______________________________________________________
10. *Я делаю это сам (один). __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4.8 Translate:
1. *Я хочу одеть себя красиво. ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Эти билеты _______________________________________________________
3. *Ты моешь полы сама (одна). _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Те дети ___________________________________________________________
5. Твоя игра _________________________________________________________
6. *Эта машина его. __________________________________________________
7. Помоги мне. ______________________________________________________
8. *Они сами делают проект. __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. *Мы готовим сами. ________________________________________________
10. Ее кошка ________________________________________________________
4.9 Translate.
1. Побрейся, пожалуйста. ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Послушай ее. _____________________________________________________
3. *Эти арбузы их. ___________________________________________________
4. Мой марафон ______________________________________________________
5. *Эта история любви наша. _________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. *Он плавает сам. __________________________________________________
7. *Они выигрывают призы самостоятельно. __________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. Те банки __________________________________________________________
9. Ударить тебя _______________________________________________________
10. Тот бой ___________________________________________________________
4.10 Translate:
1. *Я учу стих наизусть сам. __________________________________________
2. Эти дни ___________________________________________________________
3. Этот пост _________________________________________________________
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
32
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
4. *Те песни твои. ___________________________________________________
5. *Он записывает музыку самостоятельно. ____________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Танцевать с нами __________________________________________________
7. *Я хочу помыться. _________________________________________________
8. Их врач ___________________________________________________________
9. Подарить подарок ему _____________________________________________
10. *Тот стол ее. _____________________________________________________
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
4.11 Fill in: who, whose, what, which or whom
1. We want to buy a TV __________________________________ price is 100 $.
2. I know __________________________________ you would choose.
3. She understands __________________________________ always helps you.
4. She is the person __________________________________ children are playing
in the yard.
5. I see the people __________________________________ live upstairs.
6. I like the food __________________________________ you cook.
7. I like the film _______________________________ director I don’t remember.
8. I don’t understand __________________________ of your friends is on holiday.
9. He is the person on __________________________________ I can rely on.
10. Do you know __________________________________ way it is?
4.12 Fill in: who, whose, what, which or whom
1. He is the gardener __________________________________ flowers you see in
the window.
2. I know the students __________________________________ study with you.
3. I watch the films __________________________________ you advise me.
4. The book __________________________________ author I know is perfect.
5. The book __________________________________ you gave me is lost.
6. She knows __________________________________ to do.
7. They are the people __________________________________ we work with.
8. They are the people with __________________________________ we work.
9. We don’t know __________________________________ comes at 9.
10. We know ______________________________ of your children tells the truth.
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
33
DEFINING PRONOUNS: EITHER/
NEITHER/BOTH
4.13 Fill in: neither (of), either (of) or both (of).
1. I have two cars. __________________________________ cars are black. They
are black.
2. I have two teachers. __________________________________ my teachers speak
Russian, they speak only English.
3. I watch TV __________________________________. I don’t like it.
4. I’ve read an unusual book. __________________________________ the
characters is main. They are secondary.
5. She doesn’t read novels __________________________________. She doesn’t
like them.
6. She is a baker. ________________________________ her cakes is a masterpiece.
I enjoy them.
7. She knows two girls. __________________________________ girl listens to
rock, they only listen to pop music.
8. She plants the flowers. __________________________________ flower is
beautiful. I like them.
9. These are my two cats. __________________________________ my cats are fat.
They are fat.
10. These are some new tracks. __________________________________ song is
sad. They are funny.
4.14 Fill in: neither (of), either (of) or both (of).
1. We have some tests to do. __________________________________ test is
difficult. They are easy.
2. They have two trainings a week. __________________________________ the
trainings are hard. They are hard.
3. These are my friends: Bob and Tom. __________________________________
boy plays the guitar. They play the piano.
4. There are two armchairs. __________________________________ armchairs
are cozy. They are cozy.
5. She reads novels _________________________________. She doesn’t like them.
6. My bags are stylish. __________________________________ my bags is light.
They are dark.
7. Lily and Mary are classmates. __________________________________ the girls
takes exams in French. They take exams in Germany.
8. I know these guys. ________________________ them is talented. Their
songs are perfect.
34
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
9. He is a creative director. __________________________________ film is perfect.
I like them.
10. He doesn’t draw pictures ____________________________. He doesn’t like it.
Рекомендуется выполнять задание 4.15 после полноценного освоения темы
«The Present Simple».
4.15 *Translate.
1. Я тоже не люблю спорт (2 варианта).
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. У меня есть две чашки чая. Каждая чашка горячая.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Обе истории интересные.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Обе мои дочери — стилисты.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Обе девочки не любят клубнику.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Оба твоих друга не знают этого правила.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Ни одно из этих деревьев не высокое.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Ни одна девочка не любит спорт.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Любая из моих картин дорогая.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.16 Fill in: neither, either or both.
1. The solution is _____________ simple _____________ effective. It will help us.
2. The restaurant serves _____________ vegetarian _____________ non-vegetarian
dishes. I don’t remember exactly.
3. She likes _____________ chocolate _____________ vanilla ice cream. They are
her favourite ones.
4. In the evening we usually _____________ play board games _____________
video games. It depends on the mood.
5. I don’t like _____________ Bob _____________ John. They are snobs.
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
35
6. _____________ the teacher _____________ the students are prepared for the
exam. It is their improvisation.
7. _____________ the blue _____________ the red shirt will match his trousers.
The black shirt will match them.
8. _____________ the blue _____________ the red dress suits you. Choose any.
9. I play _____________ football _____________ basketball. I can’t.
10. _____________ you do the task _____________ you will be without your phone.
4.17 Fill in: neither, either or both.
1. __________________ you obey your mother ______ you go to your room.
2. He has _____________ the time _____________ the resources to complete the
project. He is very busy and tired.
3. I don’t like _____________ Anna _____________ Max. They are obsessed with
money.
4. I would order _____________ a cake _____________ biscuits. I can’t choose.
5. Jane can _____________ come to the party _____________ join the video call.
She is really busy at work.
6. My friend can _____________ play the guitar _____________ speak French. He
is very talented.
7. She has _____________ brothers _____________ sisters. She is an only child.
8. The weather is _____________ hot _____________ sunny during our vacation.
We enjoy it.
9. We’ve booked _____________ one table _____________ two tables at the cafe.
I’m not sure.
10. You can only have _____________ an ice cream _____________ a pie. You have
a choice.
4.18 Fill in: neither, either or both.
1. She speaks _____________ English _____________ French. He speaks Russian.
2. _____________ Tom _____________ her friend is at the meeting. They are at
home.
3. I don't have _____________ a Facebook _____________ an Instagram account.
They are prohibited.
4. I have _____________ a pencil _____________ a pen. I can give you one.
5. He hears _____________ the alarm clock _____________ the door ring. He
hears nothing.
6. She dates _____________ Alex _____________ Robert.
7. He suffers from _____________ physical _____________ mental diseases.
8. It is _____________ good _____________ bad. It is normal.
9. It is _____________ an original _____________ a fake copy. I don’t know.
10. _____________ Tom _____________ Kate want a baby.
36
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
4.19 Translate.
1. Либо горячий, либо холодный ______________________________________
2. И собаки, и кошки _________________________________________________
3. Ни орехи, ни конфеты ______________________________________________
4. Либо кусты, либо деревья __________________________________________
5. И клубника, и малина ______________________________________________
6. Ни ластиков, ни линеек ____________________________________________
7. И громкий, и тихий ________________________________________________
8. Ни слабый, ни сильный ____________________________________________
9. Либо толстый, либо худой __________________________________________
10. И большой, и маленький __________________________________________
4.20 Translate.
1. Либо добрый, либо злой ____________________________________________
2. Ни карандашей, ни ручек ___________________________________________
3. И высокий, и низкий _______________________________________________
4. Ни тяжелый, ни легкий _____________________________________________
5. Либо поезда, либо самолеты ________________________________________
6. И дети, и взрослые _________________________________________________
7. Либо здоровый, либо больной ______________________________________
8. И интересный, и скучный __________________________________________
9. И люди, и животные _______________________________________________
10. Ни соль, ни перец _________________________________________________
DEFINING PRONOUNS: ANOTHER/OTHER
4.21 Fill in: another, other, (the) others or the other.
1. We swim to ______________________________________ bank of the river.
2. They have ______________________________________ problem.
3. These girls like coffee, ______________________________________ like tea.
4. Only this answer is correct, ________________________________ are incorrect.
5. It doesn’t matter what ______________________________________ think.
6. I’d like ______________________________________ cup of tea.
7. I read ______________________________________ books.
8. I like milk with salt, ______________________________________ don’t.
9. I don’t know where ______________________________________ glove is.
10. ______________________________________ women watch series.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
37
4.22 Fill in: another, other, (the) others or the other.
1. ______________________________________ side of the skirt is cloudy.
2. ______________________________________ people think it’s a good idea.
3. I don’t know where your triangles. Take _________________________________.
4. I have two friends. He is Leo. ______________________________ friend is Kate.
5. I want to wait till ______________________________________ answer.
6. Would you like ______________________________________ cake?
7. Some people think it is good, ______________________________ think it is bad.
8. That is ______________________________________ situation.
9. These tests are mine, ______________________________________ are yours.
10. They like ______________________________________ animals.
4.23 Fill in: another, other, (the) others or the other.
1. I have one shoe. Where is ______________________________________ shoe?
2. I hear the silence at ___________________________________ end of the phone.
3. I will fly to ______________________________________ country.
4. I would buy ______________________________________ socks.
5. Some scientists believe it, _________________________________ disbelieve it.
6. Take care of ___________________________________.
7. The se women are doctors, ___________________________________ are nurses.
8. They buy ______________________________________ geese.
9. Unfortunately, they have ______________________________________ conflict.
10. They are in the same group. Some people stay at the hotel, _______________
_______________________ stay at the hostel.
4.24 Translate.
1. Вижу других _________________________________________________________
2. Другая перчатка ______________________________________________________
3. Другая сторона _______________________________________________________
4. Другие ботинки ______________________________________________________
5. Другие друзья ________________________________________________________
6. Другие машины ______________________________________________________
7. Другое яблоко _______________________________________________________
8. Другой мужчина _____________________________________________________
9. Другой нож _________________________________________________________
10. Другой цвет _________________________________________________________
38
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
4.25 Translate.
1. Другое дерево ________________________________________________________
2. Другие факты ________________________________________________________
3. Другой носок ________________________________________________________
4. Другие вилки ________________________________________________________
5. Другие овощи ________________________________________________________
6. Другие кроссовки ____________________________________________________
7. Понимаю других _____________________________________________________
8. Другая туфля _________________________________________________________
9. Другие сестры ________________________________________________________
10. Другой человек _____________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
39
5. THE ARTICLE
АРТИКЛИ
артикль относится к существительному (даже если стоит перед прилагательным);
артикль может изменять смысл существительного (все зависит от контекста);
если перед существительным (словосочетанием с существительным) стоит
местоимение, то артикль НЕ используется: либо артикль, либо местоимение.
Indefinite
Неопределенный
A
Definite
An
Определенный
первое слово после артикля начинается с
согласного звука
(не буквы)
The
гласного звука
(не буквы)
ИСЧИСЛЯЕМОЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
В ЕД. Ч.
ВСЕ ТИПЫ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ
A = ONE (1)
THE ONLY/MAIN/GREAT/SAME/FINAL
I have a [one] dog. (Я имею [одну] собаку.)
the only/main/great/final way (единственный/
главный/великий/итоговый путь)
НО: an only child in the FAMILY (единственный
ребенок в СЕМЬЕ)
* один из … — a (a great artist — один из великих
художников)
A = ANY (ЛЮБОЙ, КАКОЙ-ТО) / ПЕРВОЕ
УПОМИНАНИЕ
THE = THIS (КОНКРЕТНОЕ) /
ПОВТОРНОЕ УПОМИНАНИЕ
A [any] car is good. ([Любая] машина хорошая.) The [this] day is fine. ([Этот] день хороший.)
I see a car. (Я вижу [какую-то] машину The car is red. (Машина [о которой сказали
[первый раз].)
ранее] красная.)
ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО КОНКРЕТНОГО
МЕСТА (ГДЕ?)
THERE IS/WAS/WILL BE A…1
There is a cat under the table. (Под столом —
There is a cat under the table. (Под столом —
кот.)
There was a cat under the table. (Под столом кот.)
был кот.)
There will be a cat under the table. (Под сто- * любое или какое-то место — a (in a garden —
в каком-то/любом саду)
лом будет кот.)
Если мы хотим сказать, что что-то где-то находится, то используем конструкцию there is / there are (изменяется по
временам группы Simple).
Порядок слов: there is/are + кто/что + где (выбор is/are зависит ТОЛЬКО от следующего ОДНОГО слова (по первому слову).
На русский язык оборот there is / there are переводим мы с конца (с обстоятельства).
1. There is a doll in my bag. 2. There are dolls in my bag. 3. There is a doll and a toy in my bag. (Используем is, т. к. a doll — единственное число. В данном правиле нам неважно, что предметов больше, чем один.)
1
40
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
THE + СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ + WHO/
WHAT/WHICH…
A + ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ +
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
She is a beautiful girl. (Она красивая девоч- That is the car which I’ve bought. (Это машика.)
на, которую я купил.)
She is a clever boy. (Он умный мальчик.)
That is the girl who I’ve seen. (Это девочка, которую я видел.)
* если конкретизируем («этот конкретно») — the
(The clever boy [именно этот] gives only corrects
answers.)
ВОДА
WHAT A/AN!..
What a clever boy! (Какой умный мальчик!) the water (вода)
What an interesting film! (Какой интересный the river (река)
the ocean (океан)
фильм!)
the sea (море)
the lake (озеро)
SUCH A/AN…
УНИКАЛЬНЫЙ = ЕДИНСТВЕННЫЙ
В СВОЕМ РОДЕ
This is such an interesting book. (Это такая
интересная книга.)
the sun (солнце)
the moon (луна)
the sky (небо)
the wind (ветер)
the world (мир)
the west (запад)
ОДНОКРАТНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ
* глагол превращается в существительное
have a swim — искупаться [1 раз]
go for a walk — прогуляться
МУЗЫКАЛЬНЫЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ
play the piano (играть на пианино)
play the drums (играть на барабанах)
* играть в спортивные игры (play football) — без
артикля
Артикль НЕ используется:
1. Неисчисляемые существительные (льется, сыпется, материал): I like _
coffee [кофе – неисчисляемое].
НО: если говорим про еду и напитки и имеем в виду одну порцию – a:
I would like a coffee, please. = I would like a cup of coffee, please [кофе =
чашка кофе = 1 порция].
НО: если конкретизируем («этот конкретно») – the: I like only the
coffee which my sister makes [которое делает сестра – конкретизация,
уточнение].
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
41
2. Виды спорта (football, hockey, etc.).
3. Приемы пищи (breakfast, lunch, etc.).
4. Дни недели (Monday, Tuesday, etc.).
5. Месяцы (January, February, etc.).
6. Множественное число.
НО: если конкретизируем («этот конкретно») – the: We have _ cats [просто факт]. The cats are fat [не все кошки, а те самые, которые у нас — из
первого предложения].
A/AN/ –
5.1 Fill in: a/an.
1. _________________ berry
2. _________________ banana
3. _________________ apple
4. _________________ orange
5. _________________ cake
6. _________________ cucumber
7. _________________ tomato
8. _________________ ice cream
9. _________________ potato
10. _________________ egg
5.2 Fill in: a/an.
1. _________________ umbrella
2. _________________ house
3. _________________ unit
4. _________________ uncle
5. _________________ hand
6. _________________ hour
7. _________________ head
8. _________________ hospital
9. _________________ university
10. _________________ hat
5.3 Fill in: a/an.
1. _________________ young teacher
2. _________________ small town
42
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
3. _________________ open door
4. _________________ intelligent child
5. _________________ secret event
6. _________________ unknown artist
7. _________________ blue eye
8. _________________ good thing
9. _________________ exotic bird
10. _________________ sunny afternoon
5.4 Fill in: a/an.
1. _________________ yellow skirt
2. _________________ busy street
3. _________________ old woman
4. _________________ important chapter
5. _________________ talented actor
6. _________________ unexpected adventure
7. _________________ dark armchair
8. _________________ bad week
9. _________________ eager student
10. _________________ silent island
5.5 Fill in: a/an.
1. There is _________________ elegant dress in my wardrobe.
2. This is such _________________ uncomfortable situation.
3. It is _________________ important topic.
4. What _________________ loyal friend!
5. There is _________________ secret garden near my house.
6. That is such _________________ friendly dog.
7. They are _________________ young couple.
8. What _________________ interesting lesson!
9. There was _________________ cozy cottage near my parents’ house.
10. There will be _________________ exotic bird in our local zoo.
5.6 Fill in: a/an.
1. He is such _________________ unreliable person.
2. This is _________________ illegal way.
3. I have _________________ blue suitcase.
4. I like _________________ lemon pie.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
43
5. It is _________________ great invention.
6. There is _________________ orange cushion on my sofa.
7. They see _________________ new bike.
8. This is _________________ aesthetic moment.
9. This is _________________ wild animal.
10. What _________________ lovely day!
5.7 Fill in the gaps using a/an. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
indefinite article.
Case
1. You have ______________ oven.
2. What ______________ boring book!
1. a = one;
2. a = any / первое упоминание;
3. there…;
4. прилагательное + существительное;
5. what…;
6. such…;
7. однократное действие.
3. There was ______________ unusual answer.
4. There is ______________ chair in our flat.
5. Taylor Swift is ______________ popular singer.
6. She is such ______________ interesting girl.
7. Let’s have ______________ run.
8. It is such ______________ cloudy day.
9. I have ______________ kitten.
10. ______________ dog is funny.
5.8 Fill in the gaps using a/an. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
indefinite article.
Case
1. He is such ______________ clever professor.
2. I can see ______________ girl.
3. I want to buy ______________ red dress.
4. I would like ______________ apple.
5. My mother is ______________ teacher.
6. She has got ______________ parrot.
7. There is ____________ angry tiger in the forest.
8. There is ______________ opinion that people
shouldn’t study.
9. We see ______________ adorable dog.
10. What ______________ silly mistake!
44
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
1. a = one;
2. a = any / первое упоминание;
3. there…;
4. прилагательное + существительное;
5. what…;
6. such…;
7. однократное действие.
5.9 Fill in the gaps using a/an. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
indefinite article.
Case
1. We will have ______________ swim and will go
for a walk.
2. There is ______________ exception.
3. She has ______________ idea.
4. He is such ______________ brilliant student.
5. I see ______________ cute kitten.
6. What ______________ nasty day!
7. We have ______________ sister.
8. This is such ______________ uncomfortable
skirt.
1. a = one;
2. a = any / первое упоминание;
3. there…;
4. прилагательное + существительное;
5. what…;
6. such…;
7. однократное действие.
9. This is ______________ pencil.
10. There is ______________ instrument to work
with.
5.10 Fill in the gaps using a/an/–. Explain why.
1. She meets _______________ interesting people.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I have _______________ good friend.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. They love _______________ apples.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. It is _______________ difficult task.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. This is _______________ exercise for your body.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. She is such _______________ kind girl.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. It is _______________ ball.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. He is _______________ engineer.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. I like _______________ tea.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. My favourite vegetable is _______________ onion.
_____________________________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
45
5.11 Fill in the gaps using a/an/–. Explain why.
1. We have _______________ party every Thursday.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I want to buy _______________ sugar.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. I never have _______________ day-off.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. She is _______________ unreliable person.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. There is _______________ bird in our kitchen.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. He is such _______________ person who never helps people.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. They have _______________ problems.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. She is _______________ poet.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. What _______________ beautiful house!
_____________________________________________________________________
10. This is _______________ international programme.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.12 Fill in the gaps with a/an/– to complete the text.
My 1 _______________ name is Kevin. I have 2 _______________ happy family.
They are my 3 _______________ mother and father, 4 _______________ younger
brother and 5 _______________ elder sister. We live in 6 _______________ flat.
There is 7 _______________ living room, 8 _______________ three bedrooms,
and 9 _______________ aromatic kitchen. My mum is 10 _______________
teacher. My father is 11 _______________ designer. Usually he buys
12 _______________ furniture for our flat. My brother is 13 _______________
smart schoolboy. My sister is such 14 _______________ talented student.
We usually have 15 _______________ breakfasts together. We never have
16 _______________ conflicts.
Рекомендуется выполнять задания 5.13 и 5.14 после полноценного освоения
темы «The Present Simple».
5.13 *Translate the sentences. Use a/an/–.
1. Она пожилой врач.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Давай подумаем. Hint: Let’s…
_____________________________________________________________________
46
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
3. В этом городе находится непопулярный университет. Hint: There is
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Это стол. Hint: This…
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Она такой идеальный человек.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Мы друзья.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Он актер.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Какая увлекательная история! Hint: exciting...
_____________________________________________________________________
9. У нас есть идея! Hint: Мы имеем…
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Я люблю сыр.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.14 *Translate the sentences. Use a/an/–.
1. Давай потанцуем. Hint: Let’s…
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Я слышу честный ответ.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. В этой стране находится древний город. Hint: There is…
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Это зонт. Hint: This…
_____________________________________________________________________
5. У нас такой изумительный вид. Hint: мы имеем…
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Мы не любим мед.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Она медсестра.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Я ненавижу скучные истории.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Это занимает час. Hint: занимать время — take time
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Какая пустая комната! Hint: empty...
_____________________________________________________________________
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
47
THE/ –
5.15 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. ______________ main reason to do it
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
4. существительное + who/
what/which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
2. hear ______________ flute
3. in ______________ pond
4. listen to ______________ piano
5. ______________ only decision to make
6. ______________ sun is shining
7. to ______________ moon and back
8. ______________ only child in our room
9. beat ______________ drum
10. at ______________ lake
5.16 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. swim in ______________ sea
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
4. существительное + who/
what/which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
2. play ______________ guitar
3. see ______________ ocean
4. in ______________ south
5. ______________ world of music
6. ______________ great author of our century
7. ______________ final fight to win
8. in ______________ sky
9. master ______________ violin
10. pour ______________ water
5.17 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. There are my pictures on ______________ wall.
2. That is ______________ reason why I hate nuts.
3. She is ______________ girl who likes vegetables.
48
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
Case
4. My children are in ______________ sandbox.
5. Monday is ______________ day when I have
seven classes.
4. существительное + who/what/
which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
6. Let’s go to ______________ gym.
7. I will buy ______________ phone you like.
8. I like ______________ test because it is very
interesting.
9. I have my cat. ____________ cat’s name is Alex.
10. – Where is my pen?
– ______________ pen is on your desk.
5.18 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. They are ______________ students who will
pass this exam with flying colours, I’m sure.
2. – How old is this girl?
– ______________ girl is 10 years old.
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
4. существительное + who/
what/which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
3. This is your new car. ______________ car is
black.
4. There are red and orange flowers in
______________ flowerbed.
5. He is in ______________ cafe. This is his
favourite one.
6. I hate ______________ cafe because you own it.
7. I remember ______________ day when I saw
her in our flat.
8. She is ______________ girl you meet every
morning.
9. She will arrive at ______________ airport.
10. She will explain you ______________ rule
which you don’t understand.
5.19 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. ______________ main advantage of these
pictures is the way of studying.
2. ______________ sky is grey.
3. He is ______________ great reformer of our
society.
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
49
Case
4. I like your outfit. ______________ dress is
beautiful.
5. Johnny Depp is a popular actor in
______________ west.
4. существительное + who/what/
which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
6. She is ______________ only child in this group.
7. She is in ______________ park.
8. These children can’t play ____________ flute.
9. We always have fun at ______________ pond.
10. You want to choose ______________ answer
which is correct.
5.20 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. Let’s meet near ______________ cafe.
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
4. существительное + who/what/
which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
2. They are ______________ same notebooks.
3. I see ______________ sun outside.
4. The type of roses is ______________ main
difference.
5. We can see some fish in ______________ river.
6. People enjoy ______________ music you play.
7. My husband can play ______________ drums.
8. ______________ final decision is yours.
9. It is boiling hot in ______________ south.
10. I remember ________ park where we walked.
5.21 Fill in the gaps using the. Put the number(s) of the right case(s) of using the
definite article.
Case
1. They live in ______________ east.
2. That is ______________ colour you like.
3. She is ______________ only reason to be here.
4. He is the best singer in ______________ world.
5. They discuss ______ same topic every Tuesday.
6. Chemistry is ______________ final exam.
7. Your siblings are at ______________ sea.
8. Every Sunday they play ______________ violin.
9. There is a fox in ______________ forest.
10. They suggest us ______________ idea which
they believe in.
50
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
1. only/main/great/same/final…;
2. the = this / повторное упоминание;
3. обстоятельство конкретного
места;
4. существительное + who/what/
which…;
5. вода;
6. уникальный = единственный
в своем роде;
7. музыкальные инструменты.
5.22 Fill in the gaps using the/–. Explain why.
1. This shirt is made of _______________ cotton.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. We never play _______________ piano.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. I will order _______________ pasta which you’ve advised me.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. I have _______________ friends.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. _______________ silk you bought is artificial.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. _______________ students of our group are bright.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. There are your toys in _______________ box.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. _______________ pizza is my favourite dish.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. We have our class on _______________ Tuesday.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. His friends play _______________ hockey.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.23 Fill in the gaps using the/–. Explain why.
1. _______________ children are playing sports now. I see them.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. We play _______________ football every Saturday.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. If I want _______________ pasta, I will order it.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. There are 40 flats in _______________ house.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. They are _______________ children from my school.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. I want to use _______________ paint you usually use.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. My teacher love _______________ her students.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. We listen to _______________ flute only at weekends.
_____________________________________________________________________
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
51
9. I hate _______________ tea.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. I see that _______________ pizza is smelly.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.24 Fill in the gaps using the/–. Explain why.
1. If you know _______________ only right answer, tell me.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I like to see _______________ sea.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. We never hear _______________ violin.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. You can find your keys in _______________ pocket.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. These children are _______________ students.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. We have _______________ breakfast with our friends.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. These are _______________ planes which fly to Paris.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. In this region _______________ wind never blows.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. I know _______________ date of your birthday.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. We meet only in _______________ October.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.25 Fill in the gaps with the/– to complete the text.
Today is a nice day. 1 _______________ day when all _______________ members
of 3 _______________ our family are together. We gather at 4 _______________
table and have 5 _______________ lunch. We drink 6 _______________ juice and
eat 7 _______________ meat. Then we go outside and play 8 _______________
badminton. 9 _______________ sun is shining and 10 _______________ weather
is great. When the evening comes, my father plays 11 _______________ guitar
and we sing together. My mother is 12 _______________ main storyteller,
13 _______________ her stories are so sunny. My granny is 14 _______________
person who takes care of everyone, we love her so much. I love 15 __________
family to 16 _______________ moon and back.
52
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
Рекомендуется выполнять задания 5.26 и 5.27 после полноценного освоения
темы «The Present Simple».
5.26 *Translate the sentences. Use the/–.
1. Она великий ученый нашего времени.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Я знаю, эта девушка добрая.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Он играет на пианино.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Я часто вижу, что эти котята здесь.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Она не играет в футбол.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Я люблю салат, который моя мама готовит.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Они ненавидят рыбу.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Я помню остановку, куда автобус приезжает.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Под деревом три котенка. Hint: There…
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Вода голубая.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.27 *Translate the sentences. Use the/–.
1. Финальный ответ правильный.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Мальчик в нашей группе очень сильный.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Она играет на гитаре.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Я знаю, что эти щенки добрые.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Он не играет в теннис.
_____________________________________________________________________
* В этом задании используется тема «The Present Simple». Если на данный момент навыков недостаточно, то лучше вернуться к выполнению задания после ее освоения.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
53
6. Мы не любим салат.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Я не вижу рыбу, которую видишь ты.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Он знает место, где ты можешь прыгать.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. В лесу волки. Hint: There…
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Солнце желтое.
_____________________________________________________________________
A/AN/THE/ –
5.28 Fill in: a/an/the/–.
1. _______________ book which you gave me is interesting.
2. There is _______________ cat under _______________ sofa.
3. This is _______________ only solution to this problem, sorry.
4. Today _______________ weather is nice.
5. We have _______________ dinner at 7 o’clock on _______________ Monday.
6. We went to _______________ cinema and saw _______________ very funny
movie.
7. What _______________ nice view!
8. We will go for _______________ walk in _______________ hour.
9. _______________ boys in our team are interested in _______________ cars.
10. I hate _______________ this day.
11. I need _______________ new pair of _______________ boots.
12. I see _______________ cat. _______________ cat is cute.
13. It is _______________ great opportunity for us. We should do it.
5.29 Fill in: a/an/the/–.
1. There is _______________ rice in _______________ bottle.
2. They are _______________ main characters of _______________ book.
3. _______________ Earth is our planet.
4. _______________ journey across _____________ ocean is expensive.
5. Can you give me _______________ salt you have bought?
6. How much _______________ luggage have you got?
54
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
7. I am _______________ only child in my family.
8. It is _______________ old story. _______________ story is interesting.
9. I go to _______________ shop at weekends. What _______________ pretty
jeans I see!
10. They are such _______________ genius doctors.
11. They play _______________ football better than they play _______________
guitar.
12. They play _______________ tennis twice _______________ week.
13. This is _______________ great fight but not the best one.
5.30 Fill in: a/an/the/–.
1. Would you like _______________ cup of _______________ tea?
2. You should take _______________ umbrella.
3. It is _______________ great victory for our country.
4. It is such _______________ amazing drama!
5. Lena is _______________ only child in her family but she isn’t selfish.
6. There is _______________ group of _______________ teachers at home.
7. Let’s blow _______________ trumpet.
8. I see _______________ kitten on _______________ mat.
9. My father is _____________ doctor and my mum is ______________ teacher.
10. She dislikes _______________ tomatoes but she eats _______________ pasta.
11. There are _______________ different reasons not to do it.
12. If _______________ person wants _______________ juice, he will order it.
13. She is such _______________ fashionable girl who follows _______________
fashion.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
55
6. DEGREES OF COMPARISON
СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
И НАРЕЧИЙ 1
Positive
Положительная
(КАКОЙ?)
Comparative
Сравнительная
(БОЛЕЕ КАКОЙ?)
*than
(чем)
ПРОСТАЯ
1 2
*much
(намного)
1
*a bit
(немного)
2
+ er
long
er
= longer (длиннее)
long
Superlative
Превосходная
(САМЫЙ КАКОЙ?)
*of...
(из…)
the
СЛОЖНАЯ
1 2 3
won der
ful
fun
nI
er
= funnIer (более веселый)
*Y меняется на I, если перед Y –
согласный
more 1 2 3
more won
der
ful
= more wonderful
(более удивительный)
1
*ever
(когда-либо)
2
+ est
esr
long
= the longest
самый длинный
the
fun nY
* если слог закрытый (гласный стоит между двумя
согласными), то
второй согласный
удваивается
*in…
(в…)
the
fun
Ni
est
= the funnIest
самый веселый
the most 1 2 3
the most won der ful
= the most wonderful
(самый удивительный)
ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ
good
(хороший)
better
(лучше)
the best
(лучший)
bad
(плохой)
worse
(хуже)
the worst
(худший)
little
(маленький)
less
(меньше)
the least
(самый маленький)
more
(больше)
the most
(самый)
much
many
(много)
Чтобы образовать наречие, необходимо к прилагательному добавить суффикс -ly: slow (медленный) – slowly (медленно),
loud (громкий) – loudly (громко).
Разница в использовании: глагол + наречие (как?), прилагательное (какой?) + существительное.
Написание: 1) если прилагательное заканчивается на -l, то в наречии -lly: beautiful (красивый) – beautifully (красиво);
2) если прилагательное заканчивается на -y, то в наречии -ily: easy (легкий) – easily (легко); 3) если прилагательное заканчивается на -ic, то в наречии -ically: realistic (реалистичный) – realistically (реалистично).
Исключения: good (хороший) – well (хорошо), late (поздний, поздно), fast (быстрый, быстро), hard (тяжелый, тяжело),
early (ранний, рано), friendly (дружелюбный, дружелюбно), daily (ежедневный, ежедневно), near (близкий, рядом).
ВАЖНО! Добавление суффикса полностью меняет смысл слов: lately = recently – недавно, hardly – едва ли, nearly = almost
– приблизительно, bad – badly (крайне плохо, очень плохо [если просто плохо, то остается bad]).
1
56
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
КОНСТРУКЦИИ
as…as – такой же…, как
He is as good as you. (Он такой же хороший, как ты.)
}
}
the more…/…er, the more.../...er – чем...,тем... The more you study, the more you know.
(Чем больше ты учишься, тем больше
сравнительная степень
ты знаешь.)
The harder you study, the smarter you are.
(Чем усерднее ты учишься, тем ты умнее.)
6.1 Fill in the table.
Adjective
Adverb (if possible)
Comparative Degree
Superlative Degree
Adverb (if possible)
Comparative Degree
Superlative Degree
1. beautiful
2. smart
3. happy
4. much
5. cold
6. dangerous
7. thin
8. dramatic
9. small
10. fat
6.2 Fill in the table.
Adjective
1. hot
2. big
3. good
4. intelligent
5. interesting
6. hard
7. early
8. linguistic
9. clear
10. light
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
57
6.3 Fill in the table.
Adjective
Adverb (if possible)
Comparative Degree
Superlative Degree
Adverb (if possible)
Comparative Degree
Superlative Degree
1. bad
2. difficult
3. brave
4. easy
5. clever
6. exciting
7. funny
8. scientific
9. large
10. tiny
6.4 Fill in the table.
Adjective
1. amazing
2. little
3. small
4. high
5. fast
6. thrilling
7. busy
8. realistic
9. deep
10. huge
6.5 Open the brackets.
1. Why is the bottle so small? ________________________________________ (small)
the bottle is, ________________________________________ (little) you drink.
2. The sea is __________________________________________ (deep) than the river.
3. The red building is _____________________________________________ (modern)
building in this street.
4. The book is _____________________________________________ (interesting) than
the film.
5. I hate loud music. ________________________________________ (loud) the music
is, ________________________________________ (much) it irritates me.
58
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
6. Helen isn’t ________________________________________ (lazy) Sofia is. Sofia is
much ________________________________________ (lazy).
7. He writes ________________________________________ (good) than this friend
does.
8. He works ________________________________________ (much) of all.
9. Africa is ________________________________________ (hot) continent on the
planet.
10. A pear is ________________________________________ (tasty) a peach. They are
my favourite ones.
6.6 Open the brackets.
1. Bob is ________________________________________ (tall) than Mark.
2. Chinese is ________________________________________ (difficult) language of
all.
3. He isn’t ________________________________________ (popular) his wife. She is
much ________________________________________ (popular).
4. He likes hot food. ________________________________________ (hot) the dish is,
________________________________________ (much) he enjoys it.
5. Math is ________________________________________ (important) for brains
than Music.
6. My son studies ________________________________________ (bad) than my
daughter.
7. She is a good teacher. ________________________________________ (much) she
explains, ________________________________________ (well) I understand.
8. She travels ________________________________________ (much) of all.
9. The cheetah is ________________________________________ (fast) animal in the
world.
10. You are ________________________________________ (hungry) I am. We want
to eat.
6.7 Open the brackets.
1. A flat is ________________________________________ (cheap) than a house.
2. As for me, opera is ________________________________________ (boring) genre
of all.
3. February is ________________________________________ (short) month in the
year.
4. It is ________________________________________ (little) difficult to wake up
early in summer than in winter.
5. Mike is ________________________________________ (friendly) Dan. They are
good friends.
6. The salad isn’t ________________________________________ (salty) as the soup.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
59
The soup is a bit ________________________________________ (salty).
7. This is ________________________________________ (good) film I have ever seen.
8. To be a millionaire is his dream. ________________________________________
(rich) he becomes, ________________________________________ (happy) he is.
9. You should study more. ________________________________________ (hard) you
study, ________________________________________ (successful) you are.
10. Your dress is ________________________________________ (beautiful) than
mine.
6.8 Open the brackets.
1. Your car isn’t ________________________________________ (fast) as mine. Yours
is a bit ________________________________________ (fast).
2. This film is ________________________________________ (interesting) as the
previous one. They are both great.
3. The brown armchair is ________________________________________________
(comfortable) than the ivory one.
4. That is ________________________________________ (little) I can do for you.
5. My group is ________________________________________ (small) than yours.
6. Mount Everest is ________________________________________ (high) mountain
in the world.
7. Morgan Freeman is one of _____________________________________ (famous)
actors in the world.
8. I want to buy ________________________________________ (much) sugar than
salt.
9. I like strong coffee. ________________________________________ (strong) the
coffee is, ________________________________________ (much) I like it.
10. He is a careful driver. ________________________________________ (dark) the
road is, ________________________________________ (carefully) he drives.
6.9 Open the brackets.
1. You should be confident. ________________________________________
(confident) you are, _____________________________________ (good) the result is.
2. Unfortunately, ________________________________________ (hot) it is, ________
________________________________ (little) we walk.
3. The taipan is ________________________________________ (dangerous) snake in
the world.
4. The Pacific Ocean is ________________________________________ (warm) ocean
in the world.
5. My laptop isn’t ________________________________________ (powerful) yours.
Yours is much ________________________________________ (powerful).
6. Mary is ________________________________________ (thin) than Olga.
60
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
7. Lisa is ____________________________________ (nice) Poly. They are both nice.
8. Her project is ________________________________________ (bad) of all.
9. He eats ________________________________________ (many) than five potatoes
a day.
10. A computer is ________________________________________ (expensive) than a
phone.
6.10 Open the brackets.
1. I would buy a small car. ________________________________________ (small) the
car is, ________________________________________ (little) petrol it uses.
2. Leo solves any problem ________________________________________ (well) than
Tim does.
3. Mary is ________________________________________ (patient) person in our
family.
4. Mia is ________________________________________ (tall) Anna. They are of the
same height.
5. My flat isn’t ________________________________________ (big) my house. The
house is a bit ________________________________________ (big).
6. Our curtains are ________________________________________ (colourful) than
theirs.
7. The Amazon is ________________________________________ (long) river in the
world.
8. This mouse is _____________________________________ (tiny) I have ever seen.
9. To be successful at work is important. ____________________________________
(successful) the employer is, ________________________________________ (high)
their salary is.
10. Your room is _____________________________________ (cozy) than Max’s one.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
61
ДВОЙНЫЕ СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ
Positive
Comparative
later (позже)
I will come later.
(Я приду позже.)
LATE
(поздний, поздно)
Superlative
the latest
(последний,
самый новый)
the latest song
(последняя [= новая] песня)
the latter (последний из двух last (прошлый по времени)
L
ast song was better.
перечисленных)
(Прошлая [предыдущая]
*the former (первый из двух перепесня была лучше.)
численных)
Liz and Kate are friends: the
the last (последний по порядку)
former is 10, the latter is 11.
t he last song in the list
(Лиза и Катя – подруги:
(последняя песня
первой [Лизе] – 10 лет, второй
из списка)
[Кате] – 11 лет.)
the nearest (самый близкий)
t he nearest shop
(самый близкий магазин)
NEAR
(близкий, близко)
next (следующий по времени)
n
ext shop we visit is…
(следующий [будущий]
nearer (ближе, более близкий)
магазин, который мы
nearer shop
посещаем – это…)
(более близкий магазин)
n ext month
(в следующем месяце)
the next (следующий по порядку)
the
next shop on this side
(следующий магазин [по
порядку] на этой стороне)
older (старше)
H
e is older.
oldest (самый старший)
theH
e is the oldest.
(Он старше.)
(Он самый старший.)
о родственниках
OLD
(старый)
62
elder (старше –
о родственниках)
He
is elder than his brother.
(Он старше, чем его брат.)
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
H
e is the eldest of all
brothers.
(Он самый старший
из всех братьев.)
the
eldest
по положению
(стар- H
e is the youngest but
ший)
the eldest in our firm.
( Он самый младший
[по возрасту], но
старший по званию
в нашей фирме.)
farther
the farthest (самый дальний)
(более дальний по расстоянию) I t takes 10 minutes to get
the farthest shop.
T
he shop is farther.
(Магазин – дальше.)
(Добраться до самого
дальнего магазина занимает
10 минут.)
FAR
(далеко, далекий)
further
the furthest
(дальнейший, последующий + (самый дальний + расстояние)
расстояние)
I t takes 10 minutes to get
f urther information
the furthest shop.
(дальнейшая информация)
(Добраться до самого
дальнего магазина занимает
Данная форма универсальная
10 минут.)
и может заменять farther/the
farthest.
6.11 Open the brackets using the forms of LATE.
1. ____________________________________________ news
2. ____________________________________________ year
3. ____________________________________________ page of the book
4. a bit ____________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________ fashion
6. ____________________________________________ gossip
7. ____________________________________________ song on the playlist
8. arrive ____________________________________________ than usually
9. __________________________________________________ week of the academic
year
10. ____________________________________________ song of the singer
6.12 Open the brackets using the forms of NEAR.
1. ____________________________________________ year
2. ____________________________________________ page
3. come ____________________________________________ to us
4. live ____________________________________________ to the shop than to the
chemist’s
5. ____________________________________________ shop to our house (nothing
is closer)
6. ____________________________________________ week
7. ____________________________________________ stop is ours
8. ____________________________________________ person in the world
9. ____________________________________________ gate
10. ____________________________________________ person to answer
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
63
6.13 Open the brackets using the forms of OLD.
1. ____________________________________________ member of the family
2. ____________________________________________ sister
3. ____________________________________________ than her husband
4. ____________________________________________ person in the office but not
the youngest
5. ____________________________________________ brother
6. ____________________________________________ woman in the world
7. ____________________________________________ brother in the family
8. My father is ____________________________________________ than my mother.
9. ____________________________________________ person in the group
10. ____________________________________________ than my friend
6.14 Open the brackets using the forms of FAR.
1. go ____________________________________________ into the forest
2. ____________________________________________ problems
3. ____________________________________________ education
4. ____________________________________________ away from here than from
there
5. ____________________________________________ information
6. ____________________________________________ reels
7. ____________________________________________ table (not the closest)
8. ____________________________________________ projects
9. ____________________________________________ corner
10. sit _________________________________________ from the screen (not closer)
6.15 Open the brackets.
1. David is ____________________________________________ (near) person who
answers the question.
2. I know ____________________________________________ (late) news, don’t
worry.
3. I like roses and daffodils. ____________________________________________
(late) are my favourite ones.
4. I should ask you to move a bit _____________________________________ (far).
5. I want to visit Korea ____________________________________________ (near)
summer.
6. If you need __________________________________________ (far) information,
call tomorrow.
7. Iran is ____________________________________________ (old) country in the
world.
64
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
8. We saw her ____________________________________________ (late) winter.
9. Mary is ____________________________________________ (old) girl in our
group.
10. My ____________________________________________ (old) daughter is a
hairdresser.
11. My granny is ____________________________________________ (old) member
of the family.
12. November is ____________________________________________ (late) month
of autumn.
13. Peter is ____________________________________________ (old) than Mark.
14. School 2 is ____________________________________________ (near) one to
my house. It takes only ten minutes to get there.
15. The entertainment center is ___________________________________________
(near) to my gym than the library.
16. This hospital is ____________________________________________ (far)
hospital from here.
17. We have to discuss it a bit ____________________________________________
(late).
6.16 Open the brackets.
1. You can hand in the test a minute ______________________________________
(late).
2. You can ask ____________________________________________ (far) questions
at our online meeting.
3. We met ____________________________________________ (late) week.
4. Today is ____________________________________________ (late) day of the
term.
5. This restaurant is ____________________________________________ (far)
restaurant from my house.
6. This is ____________________________________________ (old) tree in the park.
7. Stasy isn’t ____________________________________________ (old) than Lia.
8. Olga is ____________________________________________ (old) woman among
my friends.
9. Nora will be the speaker at the conference _______________________________
_____________ (near) Saturday.
10. Max is ____________________________________________ (old) son of four.
11. Mary lives a bit ____________________________________________ (far) than
Maya.
12. I’ve seen ____________________________________________ (late) film of this
director. Watch it.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
65
13. I want to read __________________________________________ (near) chapter.
14. I live ____________________________________________ (near) to school than
my friends.
15. He reads detectives and novels. ________________________________________
(late) are more interesting for him.
16. He is her ____________________________________________ (old) brother.
17. Domodedovo airport is ____________________________________________
(near) airport to my district.
6.17 Open the brackets.
1. Bob is ____________________________________________ (old) person who
plays football with us.
2. Her ____________________________________________ (old) sister is married.
3. I passed my exam ____________________________________________ (late)
Friday.
4. I will come back ____________________________________________ (late) than
usually.
5. I will have a day-off ____________________________________________ (near)
Tuesday.
6. If you want to travel by train, ___________________________________________
(near) railway station is in two kilometers.
7. It is __________________________________________ (late) attempt, good luck!
8. Ken is ____________________________________________ (old) man in our
family.
9. Laura is ____________________________________________ (old) than her
friends.
10. Let’s watch ___________________________________________________ (far)
developments.
11. My village is much ____________________________________________ (far)
than yours.
12. Please, come ____________________________________________ (near) to me
and repeat.
13. She stands in ____________________________________________ (far) corner.
14. There are apples and bananas in the fridge. _____________________________
_______________ (late) are fresher.
15. This is ____________________________________________ (late) edition of the
book. You should buy it.
16. This is _______________________________________________ (old) building in
this street.
17. We will take ____________________________________________ (near) flight to
Paris.
66
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
KEYS
1. The Numeral
1.1
1.2
1. ninety + nineteen = a hundred and nineteen
2. thirty + twelve = forty-two
3. sixty + thirteen = seventy-three
4. fifty + seventeen = sixty-seven
5. forty + fifteen = fifty-five
6. seventy + sixteen = eighty-six
7. eighty + fourteen = ninety-four
8. twenty + eighteen = thirty-eight
9. a hundred + eleven = a hundred and eleven
10. four hundred + ten = four hundred and ten
1.3
1. eleven + twenty-three = thirty-four
2. twenty-five + twelve = thirty-seven
3. seventeen + twenty-two = thirty-nine
4. twenty-five + thirty-seven = sixty-two
5. forty + twenty-two = sixty-two
6. thirty-five + fifty = eighty-five
7. seventy + eleven = eighty-one
8. fifty-two + thirteen = sixty-five
9. three hundred + sixty-seven = three hundred
and sixty-seven
10. two hundred + seventy-six = two hundred and
seventy-six
1.4
1. twelve + fifty-six = sixty-eight
2. twenty-three + eighteen = forty-one
3. seventy-one + fourteen = eighty-five
4. fifty + thirteen = sixty-three
5. eleven + thirty-nine = fifty
6. twenty-three + seventy-one = ninety-four
7. thirty-seven + forty-eight = eighty-five
8. sixty-two + twenty-four = eighty-six
9. four hundred + eighty-two = four hundred and
eighty-two
10. five hundred + fifty-eight = five hundred and
fifty-eight
1.5
1. fourteen + thirty-three = forty-seven
2. twenty-seven + forty-four = seventy-one
3. twenty-three + fifty = seventy-three
4. twenty + sixteen = thirty-six
5. nineteen + fifty-five = seventy-four
6. forty-four + fifteen = fifty-nine
7. thirty-one + twenty-two = fifty-three
8. seventy-three + eleven = eighty-four
9. five hundred + nineteen = five hundred and
nineteen
10. six hundred + thirty-one = six hundred +
thirty-one
1.6
1. fifteen + seventy = eighty-five
2. twenty-five + sixty = eighty-five
3. thirty-eight + twenty-one = fifty-nine
4. sixty + twelve = seventy-two
5. nineteen + sixty-six = eighty-five
6. thirteen + thirty-three = forty-six
7. forty-one + thirty-four = seventy-five
8. fifty-three + forty-one = ninety-four
9. eight hundred + seventeen = eight hundred
and seventeen
10. nine hundred + eighty-six = nine hundred
and eighty-six
1. a thousand + forty-seven = a thousand and
forty-seven
2. three thousand + two hundred and thirty-two
= three thousand two hundred and thirty-two
3. four thousand + three hundred and sixty-one =
four thousand three hundred and sixty-one
4. thirty thousand + five thousand + eight
hundred and seventy-three = thirty-five thousand
eight hundred and seventy-three
5. two hundred thousand + eight thousand +
six hundred and fifty-nine = two hundred eight
thousand six hundred and fifty-nine
6. a million + two thousand + seven hundred
and forty-eight = a million two thousand seven
hundred and forty-eight
7. two million + six thousand + five hundred
and ninety-four = two million six thousand five
hundred and ninety-four
8. five million + seven thousand + nine hundred
and twenty-five = five million seven thousand
nine hundred and twenty-five
9. seven million + nine thousand + eighty-six =
seven million nine thousand and eighty-six
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
67
1.7
1.8
1. a thousand + forty-four = a thousand and
forty-four
2. two thousand + nine hundred and sixty-three
= two thousand nine hundred and sixty-three
3. five thousand + two hundred and fifty-nine =
five thousand two hundred and fifty-nine
4. twenty thousand + three thousand + two
hundred and thirty-four = twenty-three thousand
two hundred and thirty-four
5. three hundred thousand + seven thousand +
seven hundred and twenty-three = three hundred
seven thousand seven hundred and twenty-three
6. a million + two thousand + six hundred and
nineteen = a million two thousand six hundred
and nineteen
7. four million + one thousand + three hundred
and thirty-five = four million one thousand three
hundred and thirty-five
8. three million + five thousand + four hundred
and seventeen = three million five thousand four
hundred and seventeen
9. seven million + eight thousand + thirty-eight =
seven million eight thousand and thirty-eight
1. two thousand + twenty-five = two thousand
and twenty-five
2. nine thousand + three hundred and sixty-five =
nine thousand three hundred and sixty-five
3. five thousand + a hundred and thirty-four =
five thousand one hundred and thirty-four
4. thirty thousand + seven thousand + eight
hundred and seventy-three = thirty-seven
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three
5. two hundred thousand + one thousand +
six hundred and fifty-nine = two hundred one
thousand six hundred and fifty-nine
6. a million + nine thousand + four hundred
and ninety-two = a million nine thousand four
hundred and ninety-two
7. two million + eight thousand + two hundred
and seventy-one = two million eight thousand
two hundred and seventy-one
8. five million + three thousand + six hundred
and seventy-six = five million three thousand six
hundred and seventy-six
9. seven million + two thousand + twenty-four =
seven million two thousand and twenty-four
1.9
1. the sixth
2. the twelfth
3. the seventy-second
4. the fourth
5. the thirteenth
6. the first
7. the seventeenth
8. the eighth
9. the fifth
10. the third
1.10
1. the fifteenth
2. the eleventh
3. the fifty-fourth
4. the ninth
5. the nineteenth
6. the sixty-fifth
7. the twenty-first
8. the second
9. the seventh
10. the eighteenth
1.11
1. the eighty-seventh
2. the ninety-eighth
3. the sixteenth
4. the fourteenth
5. the tenth
6. the seventy-sixth
7. the forty-third
8. the thirty-second
9. the sixty-first
10. the fifty-ninth
1.12
1. the sixty-fourth
2. the thirty-fifth
3. the twelfth
4. the eleventh
5. the sixth
6. the thirty second
7. the fifty-seventh
8. the twenty-sixth
9. the thirty-fifth
10. the sixty-first
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1. the second of October
2. the third of
November
3. the fourth of
December
4. the fifth of January
5. the sixth of February
6. the eighteenth of
February
7. the twenty-second of
June
8. the twenty-third of
July
9. the twenty-fourth of
August
10. the nineteenth of
March
1. the twelfth of August
2. the thirteenth of
September
3. the tenth of June
4. the eleventh of July
5. the fifteenth of
November
6. the twenty-seventh
of November
7. the twenty-eighth of
December
8. the twenty-ninth of
January
9. the sixteenth of
December
10. the seventeenth of
January
1. the twentieth of April
2. the twenty-first of
May
3. the seventh of March
4. the twenty-fifth of
September
5. the twenty-sixth of
October
6. the fourteenth of
October
7. the eighth of April
8. the ninth of May
9. the thirtieth of
February
10. the thirty-first of
March
1. the thirtieth of June
2. the twenty-second
of April
3. the sixth of July
4. the twenty-third of
September
5. the twenty-fourth of
November
6. the sixth of August
7. the ninth of February
8. the second of
October
9. the thirtieth of
December
10. the thirty-first of
January
68
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
2. Plural Nouns
2.1
2.2
1. oxen
2. oranges
3. apples
4. actresses
5. women
6. wolves
7. watches
8. videos
9. trees
10. toys
1. teeth
2. tomatoes
3. tigers
4. strawberries
5. stars
6. sheep
7. carrots
8. radishes
9. potatoes
10. plays
2.5
2.3
1. pies
2. pianos
3. photos
4. pets
5. people
6. pens
7. peaches
8. parties
9. pandas
10. mice
2.6
1. families
2. dishes
3. dictionaries
4. deer
5. cucumbers
6. criminals
7. classes
8. cities
9. children
10. rays
1. geese
2. glasses
3. giraffes
4. foxes
5. feet
6. flies
7. flowers
8. fishermen
9. firemen
10. ferries
2.9
1. fifty-three oxen
2. twenty-nine hens
3. ninety deer
4. three tomatoes
5. five potatoes
6. forty trees
7. a hundred and thirty-five
boxes
8. eighteen strawberries
9. thirteen pens
10. nineteen pencils
2.12
1. three hundred and fifty
photos
2. *We buy fruit.
3. sixty fish
4. fruits of leaning
5. seven chiefs
6. twenty-two buses
7. four watches
8. twelve kinds of exotic fishes
9. thirty handkerchiefs
10. five radios
2.4
1. monkeys
2. men
3. lotteries
4. lorries
5. lives
6. libraries
7. knives
8. heroes
9. hares
10. grapes
2.7
2.8
1. five cherries
2. eighteen butterflies
3. five puppies
4. thirty boys
5. thirteen boxes
6. four bosses
7. twelve birds
8. seven bears
9. a hundred and
twenty-three batteries
10. eleven bananas
2.10
1. nine discos
2. two cliffs
3. *Fruit is healthy.
4. five kinds of sea / marine
fishes
5. two kisses
6. four roofs
7. three torches
8. eighty-one fish
9. *Apples are fruits.
10. twelve zoos
2.13
1. fifty-two trees
2. seven peaches
3. thirteen sharks
4. five rats
5. nine bees
6. sixty deer
7. fifteen wolves
8. sixty bears
9. twelve coaches
10. twenty-five mice
1. twelve teachers
2. fifteen shops
3. eleven children
4. twenty-nine mice
5. thirteen geese
6. fourteen sheep
7. fifty pets
8. thirty-two teeth
9. two feet
10. a hundred and
seventy-six photos
2.11
1. four pianos
2. seven kinds of river fishes
3. eleven local fruits
4. thirty-one proofs
5. fifty fish
6. fourteen chefs
7. twenty-eight dishes
8. eighteen circuses
9. *People eat fruit.
10. two hundred videos
2.14
1. two hundred and fifteen
stories
2. thirteen people
3. twenty-eight children
4. sixty-seven sheep
5. ten toys
6. thirteen cars
7. nine brushes
8. sixty bridges
9. twenty-seven chairs
10. forty knives
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
69
3. Noun Countability
3.1
3.2
coffee
homework
cheese
sugar
juice
money
bottle
bag
girl
flower
carrot
lemon
apple
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.8
1. a few
2. a little
3. a few
4. a few
5. a little
6. a few
7. a few
8. a little
9. a few
10. a little
1. a few
2. a few
3. a little
4. a few
5. a little
6. a little
7. a few
8. a few
9. a little
10. a few
3.11
3.15
1. a lot of
2. much
3. much
4. many
5. much
6. a lot of
7. a lot of
8. many
9. many
10. much
70
1. a little
2. a few
3. a few
4. a little
5. a little
6. a few
7. a little
8. a little
9. a few
10. a few
3.10
1. little
2. little
3. few
4. few
5. few
6. little
7. little
8. few
9. few
10. few
1. few
2. little
3. little
4. few
5. little
6. little
7. few
8. few
9. little
10. little
3.13
3.16
3.14
1. much
2. much
3. many
4. many
5. little
6. few
7. little
8. a few
9. a few
10. a little
1. few
2. much
3. many
4. a little
5. little
6. a little
7. few
8. a few
9. much
10. many
1. much
2. many
3. much
4. much
5. many
6. a lot of
7. many
8. much
9. a lot of
10. a lot of
3.6
3.9
3.12
1. little
2. little
3. a little
4. a few
5. a few
6. much
7. few
8. much
9. many
10. many
1. few
2. few
3. little
4. little
5. few
6. little
7. few
8. little
9. few
10. little
3.5
1. many
2. much
3. much
4. many
5. much
6. many
7. many
8. many
9. many
10. many
1. many
2. many
3. much
4. much
5. many
6. much
7. much
8. many
9. many
10. much
1. much
2. much
3. many
4. many
5. much
6. many
7. many
8. much
9. much
10. much
flour
milk
salt
tea
bread
water
information
tomato
onion
muffin
egg
vegetable
chair
3.17
1. much
2. much
3. a lot of
4. many
5. a lot of
6. a lot of
7. much
8. much
9. many
10. many
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
3.18
1. any
2. some
3. any
4. any
5. some
6. any
7. some
8. some
9. some
10. any
3.19
3.20
1. some
2. any
3. some
4. any
5. some
6. some
7. some
8. any
9. any
10. any
3.21
1. any
2. any
3. some
4. any
5. some
6. some
7. any
8. any
9. some
10. any
3.22
1. some
2. no
3. some
4. a lot of
5. a lot of
6. any
7. no
8. any
9. any
10. any
3.23
1. any
2. a lot of
3. any
4. any
5. a lot of
6. some
7. no
8. any
9. some
10. no
1. any
2. any
3. a lot of
4. a lot of
5. any
6. no
7. some
8. no
9. any
10. some
4. The Pronoun
4.1
1. his
2. mine
3. my
4. us
5. her
6. you
7. them
8. their
9. its
10. its
4.2
1. them
2. us
3. mine
4. you
5. their
6. its
7. my
8. his
9. its
10. her
4.3
1. her
2. its
3. his
4. their
5. its
6. my
7. them
8. mine
9. you
10. us
4.7*
1. his chair
2. think about them
3. Those houses are mine.
4. our friend
5. She eats herself.
6. that T-shirt
7. You drive a car yourself. / You drive a car
yourselves.
8. I feel happy. (не исп. мест.)
9. this picture
10. I do it by myself.
4.9*
1. Shave, please. (не исп. мест.)
2. Listen to her.
3. These watermelons are theirs.
4. my marathon
5. This love story is ours.
6. He swims himself.
7. They win prizes by themselves.
8. those jars
9. hit
10. that fight
4.4
1. me
2. your
3. yours
4. mine
5. his
6. our; hers
7. ours
8. theirs
9. her; it
10. him
4.5
1. our; yours
2. his
3. mine
4. me
5. him
6. ours
7. her; it
8. your
9. hers
10. theirs
4.6
1. his
2. mine
3. me
4. him
5. our; theirs
6. hers
7. yours
8. ours
9. her; it
10. your
4.8*
1. I want to dress beautifully. (не исп. мест.)
2. these tickets
3. You wash the floors by yourself.
4. those children
5. your game
6. This car is his.
7. Help me.
8. They do a project themselves.
9. We cook ourselves.
10. her cat
4.10*
1. I learn a poem by heart myself.
2. these days
3. this post
4. Those songs are yours.
5. He records music by himself.
6. (to) dance with us
7. I want to wash. (не исп. мест.)
8. their doctor
9. (to) give a gift to him / (to) give him a gift
10. That table is hers.
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
71
4.11
4.12
1. which
2. what
3. who
4. whose
5. who
6. which
7. whose
8. which
9. whom
10. which
1. whose
2. who
3. which
4. whose
5. which
6. what
7. who
8. whom
9. who
10. which
4.13
1. both
2. neither of
3. neither
4. neither of
5. either
6. either of
7. neither
8. either
9. both of
10. neither
4.15
1. I don’t like sports either.
I like sports neither.
2. I have two cups of coffee. Either cup is hot.
3. Both stories are interesting.
4. Both of my daughters are stylists.
5. Neither girls like strawberries.
6. Neither of your friends knows this rule.
7. Neither of these trees is tall.
8. Neither girl likes sports.
9. Either of my pictures is expensive.
4.18
4.19
1. neither…nor
2. neither…nor
3. neither…nor
4. both…and
5. neither…nor
6. both…and / neither…
nor
7. both…and
8. neither…nor
9. either…or
10. both…and
1. either hot or cold
2. both dogs and cats
3. neither nuts nor sweets
4. either bushes or trees
5. both strawberries and
raspberries
6. neither rubbers nor
rulers
7. both loud and silent
8. neither weak nor
strong
9. either fat or thin
10. both big and small
4.21
4.22
1. the other
2. another
3. the others
4. the others
5. others
6. another
7. other
8. others
9. the other
10. other
72
1. the other
2. other
3. others
4. the other
5. the others
6. another
7. others
8. another
9. the others
10. other
4.14
1. neither
2. both of
3. neither
4. both
5. neither
6. neither of
7. neither of
8. either of
9. either
10. either
4.16
4.17
1. both…and
2. either…or
3. both...and
4. either…or
5. both….and
6. neither…nor
7. neither…nor
8. either…or
9. neither…nor
10. either…or
1. either…or
2. neither…nor
3. both…and
4. either…or
5. neither…nor
6. both…and
7. neither…nor
8. both…and
9. either…or
10. either...or
4.20
1. either kind or angry
2. neither pencils nor pens
3. both high and short
4. neither heavy nor light
5. either trains or planes
6. both children and adults
7. either healthy or ill
8. both interesting and boring
9. both people and animals
10. neither salt nor pepper
4.23
1. the other
2. the other
3. another
4. other
5. others
6. the others
7. the others
8. other
9. another
10. the others
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
4.24
4.25
1. see (the) others
2. the other glove
3. the other side
4. other shoes
5. other friends
6. other cars
7. another apple
8. another man
9. another knife
10. another colour
1. another tree
2. other facts
3. the other sock
4. other forks
5. other vegetables
6. other trainers
7. understand (the) others
8. the other shoe
9. other sisters
10. another person
5. The Article
A/AN/–
5.1
1. a
2. a
3. an
4. an
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. an
9. a
10. an
5.2
1. an
2. a
3. a
4. an
5. a
6. an
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. a
5.3
1. a
2. a
3. an
4. an
5. a
6. an
7. a
8. a
9. an
10. a
5.7
5.4
1. a
2. a
3. an
4. an
5. a
6. an
7. a
8. a
9. an
10. a
5.5
1. an
2. an
3. an
4. a
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. an
9. a
10. an
5.8
5.6
1. an
2. an
3. a
4. a
5. a
6. an
7. a
8. an
9. a
10. a
5.9
1. an
1/2
1. a
6
1. a
7
2. a
5
2. a
1/2
2. an
3
3. an
3
3. a
4
3. an
1/2
4. a
3
4. an
1/2
4. a
6
5. a
4
5. a
2
5. a
4
6. an
6
6. a
1/2
6. a
5
7. a
7
7. an
3/4
7. a
1/2
8. a
6
8. an
3
8. an
6
9. a
1/2
9. an
4
9. a
1/2
10. a
1/2
10. a
5
10. an
3
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
73
5.10
5.11
1. — (мн. ч.)
2. a (прил. + сущ.)
3. — (мн. ч.)
4. a (прил. + сущ.)
5. an (a = any/первое упоминание)
6. a (such)
7. a (one/any/первое упоминание)
8. an (one/any/первое упоминание)
9. — (неисч. сущ.)
10. an (one/any/первое упоминание)
1. a (one/any/первое упоминание)
2. — (неисч. сущ.)
3. a (one/any/первое упоминание)
4. an (прил. + сущ.)
5. a (one/any/первое упоминание/there)
6. a (such)
7. — (мн. ч.)
8. a (one/any/первое упоминание)
9. a (what)
10. an (прил. + сущ.)
5.13*
5.12
1. —
2. a
3. —
4. a
5. an
6. a
7. a
8. —
9. an
10. a
11. a
12. —
13. a
14. a
15. —
16. —
5.14*
1. She is an old doctor.
2. Let’s have a think.
3. There is an unpopular university in this city/town.
4. This is a table.
5. She is such an ideal person.
6. We are friends.
7. He is an actor.
8. What an exciting story!
9. We have an idea!
10. I like cheese.
1. Let’s have a dance.
2. I hear an honest answer.
3. There is an ancient city/town in this country.
4. This is an umbrella.
5. We have such an amazing view.
6. We don’t like honey.
7. She is a nurse.
8. I hate boring stories.
9. It takes an hour.
10. What an empty room!
THE/–
5.15
5.16
5.17
1. the
1
1. the
3
1. the
3
2. the
7
2. the
7
2. the
4
3. the
3
3. the
5
3. the
4
4. the
7
4. the
6
4. the
3
5. the
1
5. the
6
5. the
4
6. the
6
6. the
1
6. the
3
7. the
6
7. the
1
7. the
2
8. the
1
8. the
6
8. the
2
9. the
7
9. the
7
9. the
2
10. the
3
10. the
5
10. the
2
74
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
5.18
5.19
5.20
1. the
4
1. the
1
1. the
3
2. the
2
2. the
6
2. the
1
3. the
2
3. the
1
3. the
6
4. the
3
4. the
2
4. the
1
5. the
3
5. the
6
5. the
5
6. the
2
6. the
1
6. the
2
7. the
4
7. the
3
7. the
7
8. the
2
8. the
7
8. the
1
9. the
3
9. the
5
9. the
6
10. the
4
10. the
4
10. the
4
5.21
1. the
6
2. the
2
3. the
1
4. the
6
5. the
1
6. the
1
7. the
5
8. the
7
9. the
3
10. the
4
5.22
1. — (неисч. сущ.)
2. the (муз. инстр.)
3. the (неисч. сущ., конкр.)
4. — (мн. ч.)
5. the (неисч. сущ., конкр.)
6. the (мн. ч., конкр.)
7. the (обст. конкр. места)
8. — (неисч. сущ.)
9. — (день нед.)
10. — (спорт)
5.24
1. the (only)
2. the (вода)
3. the (муз. инстр.)
4. the (обст. конкр. места)
5. — (мн.ч.)
6. — (прием пищи)
7. the (мн. ч., конкр.)
8. the (уник.)
9. the (конкр.)
10. — (месяц)
5.23
1. the (мн. ч., конкр.)
2. — (спорт)
3. — (неисч. сущ.)
4. the (обст. конкр. места)
5. the (мн. ч., конкр.)
6. the (неисч. сущ., конкр.)
7. — (мест.)
8. the (муз. инстр.)
9. — (неисч. сущ.)
10. the (неисч. сущ., конкр.)
5.25
1. the
2. the
3. —
4. the
5. —
6. —
7. —
8. —
9. the
10. the
11. the
12. the
13. —
14. the
15. the
16. the
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
75
5.26*
5.27*
1. She is the great scientist of our time.
2. I know, the girl is kind.
3. He plays the piano.
4. I often see (that) the kittens are here.
5. She doesn’t play football.
6. I like the salad (which) my mother cooks.
7. She hates fish.
8. I remember the stop where the bus arrives.
9. There are three kittens under the tree.
10. The water is blue.
1. The final answer is correct.
2. The boy in our group is very strong.
3. She plays the guitar.
4. I know (that) the puppies are kind.
5. He doesn’t play tennis.
6. We don’t like salad.
7. I don’t see the fish (which) you see.
8. He knows the place where you can jump.
9. There are wolves in the forest.
10. The sun is yellow.
A/AN/THE/–
5.28
5.29
5.30
1. a; —
2. an
3. the
4. an
5. an
6. a; —
7. the
8. a; the
9. a; a
10. —; —
11. —
12. a; —
13. a; the
1. —; the
2. the; the
3. the
4. the; the
5. the
6. —
7. an
8. an; the
9. the; —
10. —
11. —; the
12. —; a
13. a
1. the
2. a; the
3. the
4. the
5. —; —
6. the; a
7. a
8. a; an
9. the; —
10. —
11. a; —
12. a; the
13. a
6. Degrees of Comparison
6.1
6.2
1. beautifully
more
beautiful
the most
beautiful
1. hotly
hotter
the hottest
2. smartly
smarter
the smartest
2. —
bigger
the biggest
3. happily
happier
the happiest
3. well
better
the best
4. —
more
the most
4. intelligently
more
intelligent
the most
intelligent
5. coldly
colder
the coldest
5. interestingly
more
interesting
the most
interesting
6. dangerously more
dangerous
the most
dangerous
6. —
harder
the hardest
7. thinly
the thinnest
7. —
earlier
the earliest
8. dramatically more
dramatic
the most
dramatic
8. linguistically
more linguistic the most
linguistic
9. —
smaller
the smallest
9. clearly
clearer
the clearest
10. fatly
fatter
the fattest
10. lightly
lighter
the lightest
76
thinner
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
6.3
6.4
1. bad/badly
worse
the worst
1. amazingly
more amazing
the most
amazing
2. —
more difficult
the most
difficult
2. —
less
the least
3. bravely
braver
the bravest
3. —
smaller
the smallest
4. easily
easier
the easiest
4. high
higher
the highest
5. cleverly
clever
the cleverest
5. fast
faster
the fastest
6. excitingly
more exciting
the most
exciting
6. thrillingly
more thrilling
the most
thrilling
7. funnily
funnier
the funniest
7. busily
busier
the busiest
8. scientifically more
scientific
the most
scientific
8. realistically
more realistic
the most
realistic
9. largely
larger
the largest
9. deeply
deeper
the deepest
10. —
tinier
the tiniest
10. hugely
huger
the hugest
6.5
1. the smaller; the less
2. deeper
3. the most modern
4. more interesting
5. the louder; the more
6. as lazy as; lazier
7. better
8. most
9. the hottest
10. as tasty as
6.8
1. as fast as; faster
2. as interesting as
3. more comfortable
4. the least
5. smaller
6. the highest
7. the most famous
8. more
9. the stronger; the more
10. the darker; the more
carefully
6.6
1. taller
2. the most difficult
3. as popular as; more popular
4. the hotter; the more
5. more important
6. worse
7. the more; the better
8. most
9. the fastest
10. as hungry as
6.9
1. the more confident; the better
2. the hotter; the less
3. the most dangerous
4. the warmest
5. as powerful as; more powerful
6. thinner
7. as nice as
8. the worst
9. more
10. more expensive
6.7
1. cheaper
2. the most boring
3. the shortest
4. less
5. as friendly as
6. as salty as; saltier
7. the best
8. the richer; the happier
9. the harder; the more
successful
10. more beautiful
6.10
1. the smaller; the less
2. better
3. the most patient
4. as tall as
5. as big as; bigger
6. more colourful
7. the longest
8. the tiniest
9. the more successful;
the higher
10. cozier
Н. Л. Яким. Основы грамматики английского языка
77
ДВОЙНЫЕ СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ
6.11
1. the latest
2. next
3. the next
4. later
5. the latest
6. the latest
7. the last
8. later
9. the last
10. the latest
6.12
6.13
1. next
2. the next
3. nearer
4. nearer
5. the nearest
6. next
7. the next
8. the nearest
9. the next
10. the next
6.15
1. the next
2. the latest
3. the latter
4. farther/further
5. next
6. further
7. the oldest
8. last
9. the oldest
10. elder
11. the eldest
12. the last
13. older
14. the nearest
15. nearer
16. the farthest/furthest
17. later
1. the eldest
2. elder
3. older
4. the eldest
5. elder
6. the oldest
7. the eldest
8. older
9. the oldest
10. older
6.16
1. later
2. further
3. last
4. the last
5. the farthest/furthest
6. the oldest
7. older
8. the oldest
9. next
10. the eldest
11. farther/further
12. the latest
13. the next
14. nearer
15. the latter
16. elder
17. the nearest
6.14
1. farther/further
2. further
3. further
4. farther/further
5. further
6. further
7. the farthest/the
furthest
8. further
9. the farthest/the
furthest
10. farther/further
6.17
1. the oldest
2. elder
3. last
4. later
5. next
6. the nearest
7. the last
8. the eldest
9. older
10. further
11. farther/further
12. nearer
13. the farthest/furthest
14. the latter
15. the last
16. the oldest
17. the next
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. THE NUMERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. PLURAL NOUNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3. NOUN COUNTABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4. THE PRONOUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5. THE ARTICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6. DEGREES OF COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
ДВОЙНЫЕ СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67