Автор: Субанова Н.В.
Теги: гражданское процессуальное право судоустройство прокуратура юриспруденция право
ISBN: 978-5-9516-0492-7
Год: 2010
Текст
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K rpYlIIIe ,D;eHHltll, 06pa3yIOlltMX He3aKoHHYIO npe)\IIpI1HI1Ma-
TeJlbcKYIO .neHTeJlbHOCT1o.
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TeJlb, YCTpOJ1BmJ1M J1J111 npJ1cryIII1BIllJ1ti: «K YCTpO:i1CTBY 3a-
BO)\a, 4Ja6pJ1KI1, anTeKI1 I1JII1 I1Horo npOMbIIllJIeHHOrO I1JIJ1
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(CT. 310); a TaKjKe «KTO OTKp1oIJI 6e3 C06JIIO,D;eHI1H YCTaHoB-
J1eHH1oIX npaBJ1J1 J1JII1 6e3 Ha,D;JIe:malltero pa3pemeHJ1H TOp-
rOBoe J1JIJ1 npOMbImJIeHHOe 06IIJ;eCTBO JIJ160 TOBapl1llteCTBO,
'I3.CTHOe I1JII1 06IIJ;eCTBeHHoe Kpe)\I1THOe yCTaHOBJIeHl1e, 6aH-
Kl1pcKoe3aBe.neHJ1e, MeHRJI1oHYIO JIaBKY» (CT. 31B).
HeCMO'I'pH Ha TO, '1TO HOpM101 YroJlOBHOrO YJlomeHJ1R
1903 r. nOJIHOCTblO Ee BCTYIIJ1JIJ1 B CI1JIY, J13YgeHMe ,D;3HHOrO
aKTa npe,u;cTaBJI.HeT qeHHocTb npe:mp;e Bcero C HaY9Hoti: no-
311l.\1111, yqJ1T1oIBaH oTpameHJ1e B HeM KOHQeHTpMpOBaHH1olX
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HapyweHJ1R :;IIWHOMJ1gecKoti: HanpaBJIeHHOCTI1'.
'C.o.<\3aKOMooPoccHik""i1HMnepHH.KM.S.T.1S/no.<\P"A.Io1J1.
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2 YmnooHoeYIlO>KeHHe 1903ro.<\a.Po[cHi1cKoe3a X-XXMKOB.T.g/no.<\
P"A.0.14.IjHCT""0....M.:lOpH.<\H ecKaRlIHTepa1)'pa.1994.C.240-211.
3 CM.D63rOM:Kapn06H o.r.Io1CTOpH yrt>ralHom3aKOH0Jto1"' bCT"'POC'
CHH 06 OTOeTCT8eMHOCTH 3a no","raTeJlt>CTIO Ha np"Al1PHHHMaTe bCKY'" .<\e TeJlbHOCTb II
18 I4cmpHR rocy,tlapCT...H Ilpaoa. 2003. Hi 2. C. 61-62.
B :qeJIOM CJ1D:m1IBIilll.HC.H HaKa"y"e peBOJIlOl.\I1I1 :meCTKaH
«oneKa»rocy.napCTBOM npe)J;npI1HI1MaTeJl1oCKofi: ,neHTeJIbHOCTJ1 HB-
JI.HJIaCb CJIeJJ;CTBI1eM HeKOToporo OII03J:\IDB1H B Poccnn (Hap.H)J;y C
TaKI1MI1 C'rpaHaMI1, RaK repMaHI1.H, J1TaJII1R, HnOHI1.H) I1HJI.YCTpJ1-
aJlM3aQI111 3KOHOMHKI1, '1TO B1o!Hym,n;aJIO Onl1p3TbCR He CTOJl1oKO
Ha 3 e, CKOJIbKO Ha a)\MJ1HI1CTpaTI1BHbIeMeTO,D;bI'.
Y"IJ1TblBaR KpJ1TJ1'leCKOe COCTOHHMe rocy.v;apCTBeHHoro an-
napaTa, YRa30M AJIeKCaHJJ:pa III OT 6 MaH 1894 r. Bce .neJla,
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6bIJII1 cocpe.v;OTO"leHbI B C06CTBeHHOM ero I1MIIepaTopCKoro
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OT,u;eJl. IIpJ1 :'ITOM 3aKOHa.MM POCCI1MCKOM I1MnepJ111 IIpe.n;ycMa-
TpJ1BaJlaC1o a,D;MJ1HJ1CTpaTJ1BHaR J1 cy,u;e6HaH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
'1I1HOBHI1KOB. B 3aKOHe nepe"lHCJIHJlJ1Cb CJIy:me6H1ole npDCTYJIKI1
11 npecTynJleHI1.H, B '1l1CJle KOTOpbIX: HeMCIIOJIHeHl1e YKa30B 11
.nPYI'l1x no cJIym6e TJ)e60BaHI1M; rrpeBbImeHl1e BJIaCTI1 11 6e3-
.neiiCTBJte; Me.n.rreHHOCTb, Hepa):\eHMe J1 Hec06JIIO.n;eHl1e YCTa-
HOBJIeHHoro nOpJI)J;Ka B OTnpaBJIeHMI1 ,lJ;OJDKHOCTIII J1 ,u;p. IIo
Kam;::(oi1 J13 rpynn YJlOmeHl1e 0 HaKa3aHMJIX yrOJloBHblX J1 J1C-
npaBI1TeJ1bHblX onpe.n;eJIHJIo I1X BWJJ:bI 11 yCJIOBM.H, npl1 KOTOpbIX
OHM COBepIIJaIOTCH, a T3.Kme COOTBeTCTBYIOlltl1e HaKa3aHI1R 2 .
B nepJ1o.n cYllteCTBOBaHJ1H COBeTcKoro rocy.napcTBa npl1-
MeHeHl1e I1HCTltTYTa J1l1qeH3I1pOB3HJ1H B c4Jepe npe,u;npI1HI1-
MaTeJlbCTBa 6b1J1o BeCbMa orpaHJ1'1eHHbIM
IIoJlJ1TI1Ka COBeTcKoro rocy.napcTBa B nOCJlepeBUmu-
QJ10HHbIM nepl1o.n; xapaKTepJ130BaJlaC1o aKTI1BHOM «aHTI1pbI-
HO'1HOM» HanpaBJIeHHOcT1oIO.
B YCJlOBI1HX BoeHHoro KOMMYHJ13Ma, Kor.na npaKTM"IeCKI1
Bce cpe,u;cTBa np0113Bo)J;CTBa 6bIJIM :'IKCnpOnpJ1J1pOBaHbI rocy-
.naPCTBOM, npe,u;npl1HJ1MaTeJlbCTBO, KaK MomHO npe,u;nOJlO-
:»eMTb, BbIHy:m.n;eHHo cyllteCTBOBaJIO B «TeHeBOM» pe:»eJ1Me.
7 I1IOJI.H 1921 r. BUJfK npJ1HHJ1 nOC'I'3EOBJleHl1e «0 Ky-
cTapHoM 11 MeJlKOM npOMblrnJIeHHOCTI1>', B COOTBeTCTBI1J1 C
KOTOp1olM Ka:m.n;b1fi: rpa:m.n;aHI1H Mor OpraHI130BaT1o MeJlKOe
npe,u;npI1HTl1e, nOJlY"lMB Ha :'ITO pa3peIIIeEI1e B MeCTHOM Co-
, PbIHO'IHa>13KOMOMHKa. T. 2...... 1/noApeA.IO.6. Py6HHa. M.: COMIIH"D", 1992. C. 20-21.
2n0AJ>06HOO."'"IOBoHpema............. c ;0x6"'H<rme1'CT1II!HHO HII0.-
HllKO. . KOM'Ie )(IX.. - Ha ""e XX B. CM. ApxHnooa T.r., PyM H""n. M.(J>., CeH"M A.C. Hero.
pHR CJI}'>t<6bl"POCCH..XVIII-XX.eKO./prrY.M., 2000.C.101-131. 19
BHapX03e l . B pe3YJlbTaTe B nepBOM nOJIyrO,lJ;l1J1 19221". 6bIJI
BbI6paH 105 361 naTeHT Ea npOMbIlllJIeHHbIe npe.n;npJ1.HTI1H J1
npOMblCJlbI, BO BTOpOM - 117 52B z .
B Te'1eHl1e 1921-1922 rr. 6bIJ111 BBe,n;eHbI npOMblCJlOBbIti J1
no,n;oXO,!I.H1olti HaJlOrl1 C Ha)J;6aBKaMJ1 Ha MeCTHbie Hym,n;b1, 11:0-
Topble nOCTeneHHO YBeJ1I1'-1I1BanJ1Cb. HanpJ1Mep, ,u;OJI.H 113'b-
HTI1J'1 .nOXO.nOB npe.nnpJ1HI1MaTeJIeti no npoMblcJlOBOMY J1
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BOKynHOCTt1: C 06J'13aTeJlbHbiM BbiKynoM 06J1J1r8Ql1ti rocy,D;8p-
CTBeHHbIX 3a:i1MoB, COCTaBJiHJI8 B npOMbIWJIeHHOCTI1 OT 35,5
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C nepBblx me J1eT cOBeTcKo:i1 BJiaCTM BBO,lJ;l1JI8Cb MOHO-
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(<<0 HaqI10HaJlJ13aU;1111 BHernHe:i1 TOprOBJlJ1») 6bIn J13,u;aE 22
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no peaJ11138l.\1fl1 Ha:qMOH8J1J13al.\J1J1 BHemHe:i1 ToprOBJlI1 B
COOTBeTCTBMM C ,D;eKpeTOM «0 Hal.\110H8J1J13aql1J1 BHernHe:i1
TOprOBJIM», HBJlHJICH Hapo.nHblti KOMI1CCapl1aT TOprOBJlI1
11 npOMbImJIeHHOCTI1 (BnOCJle,u;cTBI1I1 npe06pa30B8HHbIti B
HapKoMaT BHemHefi TOproBJIJ1 PCtPCp6).
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1922 r., HapKoMaTY BHemHeM TOproBJlJ1 6blJl0 npe.nocTaBJleHO
npaBo paapernaTb onpe.n;eJ1eHHblM opraHl13aQI1HM Henocpe.n;-
CTBeEHO cOBepmaTb c.n;eJ1KI1 3a rpaHJ1qei1 C npe,D;OCT8BJleHMeM
.noroBopoB J1J111 c.n;eJlOK Ha npe.n;Bapl1TeJlbHOe YTBep:m,n;eHJ1e
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BJleKJIO .naJlbHetilUee pa3,n;eJleHl1e opraHI138qMOHHoro no-
, CY1921.NlS3.CT.323.
, One HHK H.H. r1paooBoe pery HpooaHHe aCTHoro llpoMblw eHHoro llpe,D.npHHHMaTenb-
C1M B I"OAbI H3n... (1!121-1!130) / I HCTOpH I"OC)'JlapC1M M npaoa. 2001. No S. C. 30
J TaM>Ke.C.31.
4 CYPCWCP.191B.Nl33.CT.432.
CYPCWCP. 191B. NlI4.CT. 1!11.
CYPCWCP. 1920.'" 53.CT.235.
20 1 CYPC4JCP.1922.No24.CT.266.
CTpOeHJ1H HapKOMBHernTopra PC CP Ha 'ffiCTJ1 - TOproBO-
onepaTI1BHYIO J1 KOH'rpOJIbHO-perYJ1J1pyIOll.\YIO. IIpJ1 ::JTOM
KOHTpOJIbHbIe JI peryJll1pYIOIl.{J1e <PYHKl.\1111 cocpe.v;OTCNJ1JIJ1Cb B
cneql13.JIbHbIX opraHax HKBT PC CP, Be,u;yIl.\I1M 113 KOTOpbIX
6bIJIO ynpaBJIeHl1e perYJ1l1pOBaHI1.H, 0CYll.\eCTBJI.HBWee Ha)J;30p
3a ,u;eHTenbHOCTbIO OnepaTI1BHbIX opraHOB, X03HMCTBYIOll.\I1X
cy6'beKTOB JI T.JJ;. YlipaBJIeHMe COCTOHJIO 113 OT,u;enOB: 3KC-
nO})Ta, I1MnO}TI'a, cMewaHHb!X 06IIJ;eCTB 11 J1J1l.\eH3J1i1. IIo-
CJIeJJ;HI1M Be.v;an BblJJ:a-qei1: J1l1qeH3J1i1: Ha BB03 11 BbIB03 TOBapOB,
pa60Tan B TeCHOM KOHTaKTe C 3aJ1HTepeCOBaHHbIMJ1 Be,D;OM-
CTBaMJ1, KOTop1ole J1MeJIM B HeM CBOI1X npe.nCTaBJ1TeJIeM'.
E10lJIa BBe,D;eHa npaKTI1Ka pa3pernMTeJlbHoro peryJlJ1po-
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I:(J1K J1 CHK CCCP 9 HOJ'lGpJ'l 1927 r. rOpHoe nOJIOmeHl1e CCCP
npe.nycMaTpJlBaJIO npoBe.neHJ1e nOJ1CKOBbiX JI pa3Be.n0'1H1oIX
paGoT Ha OCHOBe «paapeWI1TeJlbHb!X Ha nOJ1CKI1 JI paaBe.nKY
CBJ1;J;eTeJlbCTB», BbI)J;aBaeMbiX COOTBeTCTBYIOIl.{I1MJ1 opraHaMJ1.
OTKpblTbie MeCTopo:mlleHJ1J'1 npeliOCTaBJIHJIMCb B pa3paGOTK}'
Ha OCHOBe .v;orOBopOB, r.v;e 06J'13aTeJI1oHOMY YKa3aHI1IO no.v;J1e-
:manl1 CpOKI1, MJ1HMMaJIbHaJ'l .n06bI'ffi, nJIaTe:m11 3a nOJI1030-
BaHl1e He,u;paMI1 (cei1:'I3c 6101 MbI Ha3BaJII1 3TO J1J1qeH3J10HHbIMJI
YCJIOBI1HMJ1). JJ:aHHbIe YCJIOBI1.H nOJJ;JIe:manl1 cor.naCOBaHI11O C
COOTBeTCTBYIOIl.{I1MJI rocy.v;apCTBeHHbIMJ1 opraHaMJ1 (::JKOHOMI1-
'1eCKI1MJ1, <pJ1HaHCOBbIMM J1 ropHoro Ha,D;30pa)2.
BMeCTe C TeM BO BpeMH H3na BOBJIe"l€EJ1e B 3KOHOMI1KY
<ffiCTEOro Kanl1Ta.JIa paccMaTpMBanocb KaK BbIHymlleHHaH,
BpeMeHH3..H Mepa JI B paBHOM CTeIIeHI1 CO'1eTa.JIOCb C ero orpa-
HH"IeEJ1eM J1 BbITeCHeHJ1eM, '1TO CKa3b1BaJ10Cb Ha MaCWTa6ax
JI aKTI1BHOCTI1 npe,D;npJ1HI1MaTeJIbCTBa 3 . B IOpl1l1l1"1eCKOM J1I1Te-
paType TOro BpeMeHJ1 paCIIpOCTpaHeHJ1e nOJIY"ll1JlM BbICKa3b1-
1 He HA<>oA.A.I1CTOPHUIX')'J\"PCTBO!l<Hb1XY"pe>KAeMHHCCCP. 1911-1936rr.M.:6jo1, 1962.
C.528-553.
2 B03HeceMcKaRH.,KopMOwlO.I»MoooHCTJIrycIlH'IeM3HHHanpaoonon"'0"aHH He.<\pa'
MHjjX03"HCTOOHnpaBO. 1998.Ho 12. C. J9.
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CJleH::JnOBCKI1i1 nepJ10p; npe,ll,IIpJ1HI1MaTeJ1bCTBa KaK TaKOBoro,
B onpe.neJIeHHblX c<lJepax MeTO.n; JIJ1ueH3J1pOBaHJ1H rocy,ll8.p-
CTBOM npOJ\OJImaJi npJ1MeHHTbCH.
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raHOB BJiaCTM 11 YIIp8BJIeHJ1.H BO BHernHeM TOprOBJle H8 OCHOBe
rocy.napCTBeHHOM MOHOnOJlJ1J1 (CT. 14). B 60JIee n03.n;HI1M ne-
plllO.v; Ha6JIIO.n;eHl1e 3a TO'1HbIM 11 nOJIHbIM J1cnOJIHeHJ1eM Bcex
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J10Cb Ha MI1HJ1CTepCTBO BHelllHeii TOproBJII1 CCCP.OcYll\eCT-
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Be.v;aJIO BceM ToproBbIM npoQeccoM B 06J1aCTM BHemHei1 TOp-
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1 AAMHHHCTpaT>1oHoenpaoo/nOApeA.IO.M.K01l100a.M.: 196B.
C.S42.
2 BnaCOIB.A.,CT)'AeHHK"HC.C.CoBe1CKOe"AMHHHCTpaTHBHoenpaoo.M.:r HOe
nH1eparypbl,19S9.C.216
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pa3pbIBHbIXCHapJ<,tl00H p.''''aTbIX BeUjeCTU / /C3CCCP. 1924. No 29. CT. 256. 23
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rnJ1TeJI1oH1oIM nopJ'!,lJ;OK 6blJl pacnpOCTpaHeH Ha J13roTOBJIeHJ1e
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IIpe,u;npl1HTI1HM pa3perneHJilM E8 cOBepllleHl1e onpe,D;eJIeHHbIX
,D;eflCTBJ1f1 paCCMaTpJ1BanaCb B "'lMCJIe MeTO,D;OB npRMbIx a)J;-
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pO,lJ;HblM X03HflcTBOM)Z.
TaK, B 1976 r. YKa30M IIpe3J1;J;MYMa BC CCCP npl1HHTbI
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ne3HbIX J1CKOnaeMbIX Ha OCHOBe cnel.\HaJIbHoro pa3pemeHI1.H.
IIpJ1Ka30M MI1H3,u;paBa CCCP OT 31 ,u;eKa6pH 1971 r. N2 943
«0 .nonOJIHJ1TeJIbH1oIX Mepax no KOHTpOJIIO 3a npOJ13Bo.n;CTBOM
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3.n;paBooXpaHeHJ1H CCCP.
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N2 92B «0 .nonOJlHI1TeJlbHbIX Mepax no YCJ1J1eHJ11O 60pb61ol c
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HKIOCCCP'1942.C.231.
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24 M.:Io1=e bCT1loM<>a«>IIDOOroYMHBepcorreTa.1913.C14.
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06IIJ;enp"H.HTbIM CMblCJI I1HTepeCYIOIIJ;ero Hac nOH.HTI1.H. TaK.
HaM60Jlee'laCTO no.n; TepMI1HOM «JII1QeH3I1E»nOH"MaJIOCb pa3-
pemeH"e, BbIJJ;aBaeMOe CneqJtaJI10HbIM rOCY,D;8pCTBeHHbIM op-
raHOM B npe.n;nI1C8HHotJ: 3aKOHOM <PopMe, Ha BB03 TOBapoB
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1 TeKCT npWKa3a ony6 "K08aH 8 Hacraane><HJI" H HopMan<8Hblx Marepo<a.na>< no anTe<lHO"Y
fWly.1982.B bl n.U,3
2 HanpHMep. TonKOOblOi CJlOOapb pycCKOro J03blKa I no.Q j>eA. 6.M. BonHH.... ,A.H. YwaXOBa.
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C.16, cnooapb/nOJtpe.Q.6.A. M. r Hoe
HaY"HOe"3AaTenbCTllO.CO.l!TCxan3HIjH1U10neAH ., 1963. C. 615;O>t<eroaC.Io1. CnOOapb
pyCCKoro"3bIK"{HaCTOn e,tB-1!H3.QaH..e."OJ)nnocbH3MeHeMHbIM".IIOnOnHeMHbIMIlO'
8TopeHHeM 9-ro, 8b1W"JIWero 8 coer 8 1912 r.1 / nOJ! peA- H.IO. WlleJ\ollOOi. M.. PyccKHOi
"3bIK,19B1.C.280; C1IOoapb/IlOJtPe.l\.C.H.6paryc ,HJI.Ka3aHI.jeIlO;:;,
C.U>.Ke eKbnMaH...p.M.:rOCY.Qapcr.eMHoeH3JtaTenbcroolOpHAH ecKo;:;nHTepaTypbl,1953.
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. CnooapbPyccKoro """'a.T.2.M.:PyccKHOi"3.'X,1982.C.191
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2.neKa6pH 1990 r.6b1.n" np"HRT101 3aKOEo,n;aTeJI1oH1ole aKTbI
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Te.nbHOCTI1» OT,u;eJ1bHbIe B",D;bI ,D;eJ'lTenbHOCTI1 MOrn" oCYIl.\eCT-
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Te.nbCTBa B cy.ne6H1ole 11 Ha.n;30pHble opraHbl.
1 Be.o.O"OCTHBep x oe H oroC06eTaCCCP.1998.t.e22.Cr.3S5.
2 3aKOHPC<1ICPor2Aexa6pn 1990r. .06aMxaxH6aMKoBCKoi1 //Be.<\o.
MOCTM CbeUB Hapo,lJ,MbiX Aenyraroe PC<1ICP.. BepxoBMoroCoBeTilPotICP. 1990. t.e21
CT. 351.
26 3 C06paH..eaP<fOBnpe3lt,lJ,O!lffi..npaeK11!lll>CT1lilPocc...o.oooi1<11e.o.epall"H.1993.....22.
2B ceHTH6p.H 1998 r. BCTynl1JI B CI1JIY nepBbIM aRT 3aKO-
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I C3P!1>.19ge. 39.CT.4851.
Bce06L1\a llpao"eJlooe"a.<rrI0Aexa6pnI94er.IIPoccHiic""RraJeTa.1995.
S..npenR.
27
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