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JIll pa3HbIH yroJI YCTaHoBKH. HcnpaBbTe n CHOBa nycTHTe.
lIerKYIO KPHBll3HY nYTH nCnpaBJI5IHTe ,lI.eHCTBHeM pYJIeH. Ka:>K,U,a51 MO-
,lleJIb, KaK II HaCT05IllI.HH nJIaHep nJIH CaMOJIeT, nMeeT TPH PYJI5I: PYJIb nOBO-
pOTa--3aHHH KOHe KHAH, PYAb BcOT--3aHHH KOHe o6eHx nOAOBHH
cTa6HAH3aTopa H PYAH 60KOBOH YCTOHQHBOCTH -- «3AepoH»--oTrH6alo-
lll.HikH KBepxy H KHH3Y 3aHHH KpaH y 060HX KOHOB KpbwbeB (pHC. 18).
ECJIH MO,lLeJIb CBOpaqllBaeT B nOJIeTe H a n p a B 0, CJIerKa OTorHHTe
II a JI e B 0 PYJIb nOBopoTa. Opa 1i1eBOM nOBopoTe OTorHIITe PYJIb CJIerKa
BnpaBO. 9TH OTfll6 HY>KHO eAaTb llMeHHO CAe r K a. ECJ1H Tpe6yeTcH
KPYTO OTOfHYTb PYJIH, qTo6bI ,lL0611TbC5I np5IMOrO nOJIeTa, 3HaqHT eCTb KPH-
Bll3Ha £pI03eJIHma, KOTOPYlO Ha)].o IICnpaBIITb.
ECJIH Mo.rr.eJIb npll npaBllJIbHOH ueHTpoBKe neTllT HOCOM BHH3, TO Hao
CJIerKa nOJI.OrHYTb KBepxy PYJIb BbICOTbI. ECJIH JIerKHH HaKJIOH PYJI5I He no-
1\10raeT, 3HaqllT HeBepeH yrOJI YCTanOBKll KpbIJIa, HaBepHoe, OH OTpHll.a-
TeJIbHbIlt TIpoBepbTe, nOCMOTpHTe Ha 1IO,lLeJIb C60KY.
Mo)].ellb MO:>KeT B nOJIeTe HaKJIOH5ITbC5I Ha O,U,HY CTOPOHY, KpeHHTbCH
22

.
- - --"-..-_-
I
I
,.:
PUC. 18. OCflOBflble tiaCTU AtOae/lU U ux flaSflaq,eflue
Ha60K. npHBe.n.llTe B .n.eHCTBHe 3JIepOHbI H Ha TOM nOJIOBHHe KpbIJIa, KOTO-
paR B rrOJIeTe KpeHHJIaCb BHH3, CJIerKa K H H 3 Y llie OTorHIITe 3JIepOH.
HeJIb3H OTrH6aTb Ha 06eHX nOJIOBHHKax KpbIJIa O.lI.HOBpeMeHHO 06a
3.,1epOHa BHM3 HJIll BBepx. Ha TOlf nOJIOBHHe KpbI.na, KOTopaH B nOJIeTe ony-
CKaJIaCb BHH3, Ha.n.o no.n.orHYTb 3JIepOH KHH3Y }Ke. Ha J1.pyrOll:, nO.lI.HHMaB-
llleHCH, no.n.orHHTe 3JIepOH CJIerKa BBepx.
YHCHHTb .n.eHCTBlle PYJIeH II, B qaCTHOCTH, 3JIepOHOB OqeHb npOCTO Ha
TaKOM: npH1\lepe. KynaHcb B BO.lI.e, npOBe.n.llTe no.n. BO.n.Oll nJIOCKO nOCTaBJIeH-
HYI-O JIaJ1.0Hb. Bo Bpe1\1H ee .n.BH)KeHIIH no.lI. BO.n.OH HaKJIOHllTe JIa.n.OHb - OHa
6y.n. e T no.n.Hll 1\1 aTbC5I. To llie npoHcxo.n.HT II C KpbIJIOM. OHO JJ.BH)KeTCH POB-
HO, nOKa KpbIJIO CTOllT pOBHO. OnycTHB 3JIepOH, MbI 3aCTaBJI5Ie1\1 qaCTb KPbI-
.,la, HMeIOIl{YIO OI1YIl{eHHbIH 3JIepOH, nO,l(HHrvlaTbCH.
OTperYJIHpOBaB Mo.n.eJIb, .n.06UBll1HCb ee npHMoro, pOBHoro nOJIeTa II
HaY411Bll1llCb nOJIb30BaTbCH PYJIH1\IH, BbI rOTOBbI K copeBHOBaIlIl5Ifv! II K pe-
K 0 p,.Q H bI1\'I 3 a I1 Y C K a 1\'1 .
Muoro y.rr.OBOJIbCTBH5I fv!O)KeT .n.OCTaBllTb nOJIeT I\fo.n.eJIll «05K» II He
TO.HbKO co CK.TIOHa. 11 paBHJIbHO c.rr.eJI3HHaH rvIo.n.eJIb JIeTHT .n.aJIeKO. OHa 1\10-
}KeT Ha OTKP!?ITOl\1 B03.n.yxe BbII10JIHHTb pa3Ho06pa3Hble cpllrYPHble nOJIeTbI.
Alo.LI.eJIb KpaCHBO .n.eJIaeT «neTJIll HeCTepOBa». tIYTb no.n.orI-iYB PYJIb BhICO-
TbI KBepxy, nycKalITe l'vlo.n.eJIb BI1epe.n. CllJIbHbIM TO.nqKorvI. Mo.rr.eJIb no.n.HH-
IeTC5I ,[LO BbICOTbI BToporo HJIH TpeTbero 3Tam:a H nJIaBHO Cn.,TJaHHpyeT.
nOBTOPHOE H3rOTOBREHHE MOAEnH
5vl\fa}I{HaH rvIo.rr.eJIb He.n.OJIrO lliHBeT. B KOl\fHaTax nOClIe tIaCTbIX 3arrv-
J w
CKOB l\Io.rr.eJIb, CTYKa5ICb 0 CTeHbI, I10MHeT HOCOBYIO qaCTb, 10rYT BbIJIereTb
3aK.nenKM, Ha.n.opBeTCH cp103eJI5IJK C3a.lI.H KpbI.na II T. JI..
23

i' 1
:f
--
punb nOBOPOTli
--...;
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\
punb
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PUC. 19. KaK nO.lZb30BaTbCR pyARMU Mo8eAU:
A - eCAU Jrt08eAb CBOpattUeaeT B6oK PYAb nOBopOTa CAeZKa OTOZHYTb B 8pyzYIQ CTOpOH.l}:
E - eCAU 8 nOAeTe KpblAO HaKpeflReTCJl lia OnYCTUBWeUCJl nOAOBUHe KpblAa CAe2KCl
n080ZHUTe BHU3 3AepOH; B - eCAU MOaeAb AeTUT KPyTO 8flU3, CAeZKa 3aZHUTe KBepxy
o6e nOA08UHbL PYAJI 8bLCOTbl

.'"'-"
Mo.n.eJIh MOR<HO OTpel\10HTHpO-
BaTb:. ,lLJIH 3TOrO paCKJIenaBIlIYIOC5I
IlInllJIbKY y.n.aJIHTe H B npOKOJI BCTaBh'"
Te HOBYIO. JIyqrne npH peMOHTe" CTa-
BIITb He o.rr.HY, a cpa3Y J1.Be IlInlIJIbKll,
KaK 3TO BbI ,QeJIaJIH, CKpenJI5IH Hoeo..
BYlO qaCTb rvIo.n.eJIll.
Ha Ha.n.opBaBmYIOCH qaCTb CPIO-
3eJI5I)K3 MO}KHO nOCTaBllTb 3anJIaTY,
KaK YKa3aHO Ha pllC. 20, II cKpenllTb
ee llInllJIbKOiL
O.rr.HaKo npome II cKopee CJI.eJIaTb
BTOpylO, TpeTblo l\10LI.eJIll Toro }J{e Tll-
na. I1pH BC5IKOM Bblxo.n.e Ha copeBHo-
BaHll51 Ha 3arrycK co CKJIOHa JIyqrne
lll\leTb He o.rr.HY, a HeCKOJIbKO Mo.rr.eJIeii.
KaiK.n.ylO HOBYlO Mo.rr.eJIb MOlKHO
H3fOTOBIITb TaK }Ke, KaK II nepBYIO, HO
JIyqrne He BblqepqllBaTb 3aHOBO KBa;:r,-
paTb! .n.JI5I BbIKpoeK, a llCnOJIb30BaTb
qaCTll CTa pOM l\1:0JI.eJIH B KaqeCTBe
llIa6JIOHOB. ,LLJI5I 3Toro pa36epllTe aK-
KypaTHo CTa PYIO Ivl0JI.eJIb Ha qaCTH.
fIo.rr.foToBhTe HOBbIe rrOJIOCKll 6YMa..
rHo CJIO}KHB aarOTOBKY .n.JIH KpbIJIa
(CM. pHC. 8), HaJIO}KHTe Ha CODHYTYIO
I10I10JIal\1 3aroToBKY CJIO}J{eHHoe BJI.BOe
KpbIJIO cTapoM MOJI.eJIll II 06pHcYHTe
ero cpOpM:Y. TaR lKe nocTynaHTe H C
.n.pyrHMll qaCTHMH rvl0,l1,eJIH.
I
Bb1PE3nr/) U3 R.I707'HOJI
51j1 . 
-. --- 
- ---=::-:
PUC. 20. PeMOflT tPlOSe/LflafCa JrtooeAU:
A - fla flaoopBaflflYIO q,aCTb tPlO3ellfl{}ICQ
/vtOafCflO nOCTaBUTb San/LaTy us nOAOCKU
6YA'lazu; E-SanIlQTa flaK/LaObl8aeTCfl no-
8epx f/JlOseARJlCa' B-flUafCe JrteCTa flaopbl-
8a coeAaTb q,epes san./laTJI U rPlOSe/LflJIC
CK80SHOU npO!\'OA; r -8 npOKO/L SaTflHYTb
UlnUAbK.lJ
B KpYlKKe lIJIll JI.O-
M a I\'10lKHO 3arOTOBHTb
rna6JIOHbI (pHC. 21), T. e.
cVOpMhI BbIKpoeK H3
nJIOTHOfO Ka pToHa llJIH
aHepH, II 06pllCOBH-
naTb qaCTH HOBbIX MO;J.e-
JIeM no 3THM ma6JIOHal\L
Oocne nOCTpOHKllli
3arrYCKa TpeTbefi I\'10,l1,e-
JIll, KOf)J.a BbI JI.06beTeCb
XOpOIl1HX nOJIeTOB, HaQU-
PUC. 21. 06pucoBKa I./,QCTeU Mooelleu no tua6/LOTtaM
"
2S

; 0r:'l'> . .'  ":7'}.c" "'r' >,'J?\:': '>'/:",::1
v. »ii h . ,, " " ,. . ..::'"; .  M" 'I,..... ., ',,4c, j:7 .,
: .;: - '.. : '..-  /' ': ,\,,:.::.;:;' "", -:($'::'\6" f;;t":;f;i.:.:''  , '; >' .  ':i',::
. ;:i-'-" ,p k.. ,;:r'.f?- .}t':?' h: '1/l . '. ,{:}. , ::, '.. ..
::,;,: .' ';:;;:h:::i."i; :*::::':::lt' :'' 'i) ;:
- "'''':f'". '" ...<:.. -'l# ... .. ''$j.'+- P: -"'-'''''''i;5;'rl'i.{;.Y !- - ". !".)......._..",\t' ....Ii'.. .. }'.-
t:hfr.it}f t%:1fi1<::i),itttJ;:t;*' ';';.;4} .. ..? i. 
Puc. 22. Buoou3JrteHeHUJl nAaHepa «ll EK,
.....
HaHTe J1.enaTb CBOll co6CTBeHHHe KOHCTPYKHll nJIaHepOB. I13MeHHTe op-
I\IY Ii pa3l\lepbI KphIJIa, YJI..JIIIHllTe Hnll YKopOTllTe <p103eJIH}J{.
Dpo6YHTe, HcnbITbIBaHTe CBOM co6CTBeHHHe KOHCTPYKHH!'
Ha pHC. 22 J1.aHbI HeKoTopble M3 BapllaHToB Harnero nnaHepa.
Ho KaKYIO 6H KOHCTPYK1l1O BbI Hll J1.eJIaJIII, CO 6JIIOJ1.a HTe OCHOBHble
npaBHJIa:
 3aKJIenKH BCTaBnHllTe C TOH CTOpOHH, C KOTOpOH CeJIaH npoKon;
- yro.n YCTaHOBKll KpbIJIa oTrH6aHTe HyneBoH, a Y cTa6HJIll3aTOpa OT-
pllll.aTeJIbHbIH, He 60JIee _2°;
- TOllHO C06nlOJ1.aHTe npaBliJIbHYIO I.(eHTpOBKY - Ha nepBOH TpeTH
KphIJIa.
11 eUl.e nOl\IHllTe .n.Ba Ba}I{HbIX npaBllna:
- nOJIeT Mo.n.eJIH 3aBIICllT OT «JIeTQllKa», T. e. OT Toro, KTO nycKaeT
M01I.eJIb. HaY4IITecb npaBllJIbHO perynnpoBaTb l\Io.n.eJIb M BepHO no lIb30BaTb-
C51 PY JIHMll; ..
- pa3rvlep Mo.n.e.JIll 3aBllCllT OT nJIOTHOCTll 6YMarn: qel\f TOHbIIle 6Yfa-
ra, Tei\f MeHbll1e 6V,lI,eT Mo.n.eJIb. .,.
oJ
«PEKOP,L\Hblff nJIAHEP»
(97 .IteTpOB flU pOBflOM nOAe)
HEMHoro "crop""
B nepBble rO,lI,bI 3a pO:iK.n.eHllH COBeTCKoro aBllal\10,lI,eJIli3l\la, i3 1924 ro-
1I.y, Ha I1epBbIX l\10CKOBCKHX copeBHoBaHllHx, npOXO,lI,llBll1HX B 06111HpHOM
3aKpbITolVI rrOl\lemeHHll, I105IBHJIHCb II nepBble COBeTCKHe 6YMa}I{Hble Mo.n.eJIll.
Ha 3TllX copeBHoBaHHHx BrrepBbIe 6bIJI oTrvle4eH I10JleT 6YMa:tKHoH l\10.n.enH
Ha paCCT05IHHe B 18 MeTpoB. lie TaK y>K 3TO 6bIJIO l\IHOrO, HO B Te ro.n.hI He-
!\1HOrHl\I .n.aJIhme JIeTaJIll II «60JIbll1IIe» M01I.eJIll C pe3llHoMOTOpOl\L
Ha BceCOlO3HhIX copeBHoBaHllHx aBHal\10.n.eJIHCTOB B 1934 ro.n.y peKop.rr.
.n.aJIbHOCTll 6yrvlalKHoH rvIo.rr.eJIll npll 3anycKe Ha paBHoM MeCTe 6bIJI nOBbI-
IlIeH .n.o 47 l'vIeTpoB. OH 6bIJI cOBepmeH l\10.n.enblO «6llnJIaH», T. e. l\IOJ1.eJIblO,
H1YleBll1eH JI.Ba KpbI.TIa, O.n.HO no.n. ,lI,pyrHl\1.
3Ta Mo.n.eJIb OI1HCaHa Ha CTp. 74-77.
26
-

B CJIe.rr.YlOllI.eM, 1935, ro,lLY peKop.n., YCTaHOBJIeHHbIll no 6YMa)KHbll\f MO-
}.leJI5IM, 3anycKaBillHl'vlC51 Ha pOBHOM MeCTe, .lI.OCTllr Y2Ke 97 l\leTpoB. I3YMa>K-
Han MO.ileJIb OT TOJIQKa PYKOH npOillJIa p3CCT05lHHe, paBHoe nOqTH nOJIHOM
,rr}IllHe cpYT60JIbHOrO nOJI5I.
MOneJIb, YCT3HoBHBlllaH 3TOT peKop.n. (pHC. 23), HHTepecHa H no cBoeR
KOHCTPYKIJ.llll If no co6cTBeHHoR CBoeR cY,lLb6e. Tor .rr.a, B 1934 ro.n.y, 6bIJIO
opraHH30B3HO MaCCOBoe npo1I3Bo.n.CTBO Mo.n.eJIeH. 3aBO.lI. OcoaBHaXlll\la, H3-
rOT3BJIHBaBll1llH 6YMa}KHbIe f\1, O,lI,eJIH 3a Tpll rO,lI,a BblnycTHJI co CBOHX CTaH-
KOB CBbIllle 20 MHJIJIHOHOB pa3HbIx 6YMaLKHbIx f\IO,lI,eJIeH. Cpe.lI. H HHX 6bIJIH
H 6YM3}I{Hble nJI3HepbI A-7. O,lLIIH TOJIbKO 3TOT nJIaHep 6bIJI BblnYll1.eH 60-
",lee qel\1 B MllJIJIllOH 3K3eMnJIHpOB. C MO,lI,eJIblO, C,lLeJIaHHOH no 06pa3IJ.Y 3TO-
ro nJIaHepa, 14-JIeTHIIH H3SI lllMH,lLT JlOCTllr peKOp.lI.HOrO pe3YJIbTaTa.
Ha 60JIbll101\1 pOBHOM nOJIe, no,lL MOCKBOH, rpynna cY,lI,eii H yqaCTHll-
KOB C IIHTepeCOM CMOTpeJIa Ha 3anYCK 6YMa>KHbIX MO,lLeJIeH. OT CHJIbHOrO
6pOCKa Mo.rr.eJIll KPYTO B3l\tlbIBaJIll BBepx II, BblpOBH5I'BIlIHCb, O)].Ha 3a .n.pyroH
YXO.lI.llJIll B,lLaJIb.
MHorlie aBllaMO,lI,eJIIICTbI, CTpeM5ICb .lI.OCTHrHYTb 60JIee KpYToro B3neTa
l'vl0.n.eJIH, HanpaBJIHJIH HX B3JIeT npHMO npOTIiB BeTpa. B3JIeTaJIH Mo.n.eJIH
BbICOKO, ,lI,0 BbICOTbI qeTBepToro-nHToro 3'Ta:>Ka. O.n.HaKO Mo.n.eJIH ,lI,eJIaJIH
neTJIlO II CBOH nJIaHllpYlOIll.llH nOJIeT HaqHHaJIH rOpa3,lI,O Hll}J{e nepBOHaqaJIb:'
Horo B3JIeTa. IHaqe nYCKaJI MO.lI.eJIb H. lllMH,lI,T. OH CTaHOBllJIC5I 60KOM K
seTpy II nYCKaJI Mo.rr.eJIb oqeHb CllJIbHO, HO He KPYTO, a nOJIoro BBepx, II He
rrpOTIIB BeTpa, a npll 60KOBOM BeTpe. MO,lI,eJIb 6bIJIa OTperYJIllpOBaHa Ha
He60JIbllIOH pa3BopOT. Oo.n.HIl1\1aHCb C 60JIbIlIOH CKOpOTblO, l\fo.n.eJIb nOCTe-
- ..-......
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PUC. 23. MOae.1b «peKopaflblll n/laflep
27

HeHHO pa3BOpaqllBaT1aCb npOTHB BeTpa II, He  .n.eJlaH HHKaKOM neTJIH, nepe-
. XO,l(HJla Ha BbICOTe B nO.TIeT Kpyral\IH. TaK II YJIeTaJIa OHa, ,lJ.eJIaH O,ll}IH 3a
,lJ.pyrHfvI p51J( 60JIbll1llX KpyrOB. PaCCTOHHHe, npOH.n.eHHoe MO,lJ.eJIblO, 6bI.no
97 MeTpoB (ll3MepHJlOCb no npHMoH JlHHHll OT MeCTa B3JIeTa ,lJ.0 nOCaJ1.Kll).
3AfOTOBKA lJACTER MO.D.EJIH
-,
LLJIH Toro tITo6bI BbI XOpOlllO npe.n.cTaBJIHJIll ce6e, lITO TaKoe HaCT05I-
lll.HH nJIaHep, nOCMOTpllTe BHIIMaTeJIbHO Ha pHC. 24.
l(oHetIHO, MO.lI.eJIb, KOTOpylO MbI npe,LLJIaraeM BaM H3rOTOBIITb, He 6YJI.eT
TOtIHoii Konllen HaCTOHIl{ero nJIaHepa, HO MO.lI.eJIb, eCJIll BbI ee npaBllJIbHO
BblnOJIHIITe, 6y.n.eT XOp01l10 JIeTaTb.
Mo.n.eJIb peKop.n.Horo nJIaHepa OtIeHb npoCTa no CBoeH KOHCTPYKIl.HH.
aHa COCTOHT ll3 Tpex qaCTeH: KpbIJIa, cp103eJIH}Ka III «no.rr.KOCOB» - CToeK,
rrO.lI..rr.ep}KllBalOIll.llX KpbIJIO. B OTJIlltIlle OT «cBo60,lI.HOHeCYIl{ero» KP bIJI a , KG-
Topoe IIMeeT nJIaHep «n51(», y 3TOH rvIo.n.eJIll KpbIJIO He 1ll\leeT JIOI-LlKepOH3
H y.n.ep}J{HBaeTCH Ha MeCTe cToHKarvIM cplO3eJI5I:>Ka II nO,LLKOCaMll. KpbIJIO )J.e-
JIaeTCH 113 OqeHb nJIOTHOH 6YMarll. 5JIaro.n.apH KpenJIeHlllO Ha l\1HOrHX
CTOHKax-no.n.Kocax KpbIJIO nporll6aTbCH He 6y.n.eT.
XBOCTOBoe onepeHlle Mo.rr.eJIll - KllJIll If cTa6llJIll3aTOp - Bblpe)KbTe
He OT.lI.eJIbHO, a 3aO.lI.HO C <p103eJIH}I{eM. fpY3 .n.JIH HOCOBOH qaCTH MOJJ.e1]H
KHOb
Pynh
BII/corbl
_: .
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 7-.... C ",nJf:"unlA!:Illnff'l
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PYI/KIl
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PUC. 24. Y CTPOUCTBO HaCTORU{e20 nAaHepa
28
---

C10:>KHTe 113 ,U,BYX nOJIOCOK 6YMarH. ,QJIH CKpenJIeHIl51 qaCTeH HY:>KHbI
TOJIbKO ,U,Be IlInllJIbKH.
OC06eHHO BHIIMaTeJIbHO Ha,lJ.O ,lJ.eJIaTb KpbIJIO MO,lJ.eJIH. TaK KaK cpOpM3
KpbIJIa JI.JIIIHHaH II Y3KaH, TO 6YMary B03bMIITe OqeHb nJIOTHYlO. '4epTe:>KHa51
6YMara TOHKa, KpbIJIO H3 TaKOH 6YMarll 6Y,lJ.eT nporll6aTbCH. HexopOlllll Kap-
TOH, 113 HerO KpbIJIO nOJIyqaeTCH T5ILKeJIbIM, r-wIO}J.eJIb 6y,U,eT nJIOXO JIeTaTb.
JI yqllle Bcero KJIeeM CTOJIHpHbIM (LKll}J.KIIM), KOHTOpCKIIM llJIll KJIeHcTe..
pOM, CKJIeHTe .n.B3 JIIICTa nJIO'THOH 6YMarll ,lJ.JIIIHOH OKOJIO 30 caHTHMeTpoB.
ECJIH Y Bac eCTb xoporn3H qepTe}J{HaH 6YMara, TO ll3 3TOH 6YMarH aaro-
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33


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