11
M.A. Бодоньи
готовимся
к ЕГЭ
АНГЛИИСКИИ ЯЗЫК
ПОДГОТОВКА
К ГИА-9 И ЕГЭ
ЗАДАНИЯ С
РАЗВЕРНУТЫМ ОТВЕТОМ:
ЛИЧНОЕ ПИСЬМО, ЭССЕ (Cl, С2)
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС
«АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ПОДГОТОВКА К ЕГЭ»

Учебные пособия издательства «Легион» допущены к использованию
в образовательном процессе приказом Минобрнауки России № 729 от 14.12.2009
М.А.Бодоньи
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ПОДГОТОВКА
к ГИА-9 и ЕГЭ
ЗАДАНИЯ С РАЗВЁРНУТЫМ
ОТВЕТОМ:
ЛИЧНОЕ ПИСЬМО, ЭССЕ (С1, С2)
Учебно-методическое пособие
ЛЕГИОН
Ростов-на-Дону
2012
ББК 81.2Англ
Б75
Рецензенты:
Н. В. Барышников, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, заведующий
кафедрой теории и методики обучения межкультурной коммуникации
ФГБОУ ВПО «Пятигорский государственный лингвистический университет»;
И. Б. Долгопольская, доцент кафедры филологии и искусства Ростовского
областного института повышения квалификации и переподготовки
работников образования.
Бодоньи М.А.
Б75 Английский язык. Подготовка к ГИА-9 и ЕГЭ. Задания
с развёрнутым ответом: личное письмо, эссе (Cl, С2): учебно-
методическое пособие / М.А. Бодоньи. — Ростов н/Д : Легион,
2012. — 302, [1] с. — (Готовимся к ЕГЭ.)
ISBN 978-5-9966-0274-2
Учебно-методическое пособие «Английский язык. Подготовка
к ГИА-9 и ЕГЭ. Задания с развёрнутым ответом: личное письмо, эссе
(Cl, С2)» предназначено для развития иноязычной речевой компетенции
в области письменной речи и непосредственной подготовки к выполнению
заданий с развёрнутым ответом экзаменационных работ ГИА-9 и ЕГЭ
по английскому языку. В пособии представлена авторская методика
развития иноязычных речевых умений старшеклассников, необходимых
при написании заданий С1 и С2. Она включает теоретические сведения
о структуре и компонентах письменных произведений разной жанровой
направленности (личное письмо и эссе) и систему упражнений,
обеспечивающую управление процессом развития иноязычной речевой
компетенции в области письма и реализацию конечной цели подготовки —
успешное выполнение заданий раздела «Письмо» в ходе ГИА-9 и ЕГЭ
по английскому языку.
Пособие включено в учебно-методический комплекс «Английский язык.
Подготовка к ЕГЭ» наряду с пособием «Английский язык. Подготовка
к ЕГЭ-2013».
ББК81.2Англ
ISBN 978-5-9966-0274-2
© ООО «Легион», 2012
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Уважаемые учащиеся старших классов и учителя английского языка!
Как известно, подготовка к ГИА и ЕГЭ по английскому языку —
сложный и длительный процесс, который охватывает формирование
и развитие комплекса языковых навыков и речевых умений. Ясно, что для
успешной сдачи экзаменов учащимся необходимо не просто знать лекси-
ческие единицы и грамматические правила, но и владеть способами вы-
ражения собственных мыслей на иностранном языке, метапредметными
умениями демонстрировать собственное мнение и аргументировать его.
Именно развитию подобных умений посвящено предлагаемое учебно-ме-
тодическое пособие.
Цель данного пособия — развитие продуктивной письменной речи
старшеклассников для выполнения заданий открытого типа с развёрну-
тыми ответами ГИА и ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
Овладение письмом как видом речевой деятельности требует не толь-
ко знания лингвистических основ английского языка, но и формирования
умений конструировать собственное высказывание в соответствии с языко-
вой нормой, коммуникативной задачей и заданным объемом речевого про-
изведения. Очевидно, что для реализации данной цели необходимы особые
методы и приемы, которые позволяют научить школьников формулировать
и передавать свои мысли в письменной форме на английском языке.
Разработка методики подготовки к выполнению заданий Cl, С2 пред-
ставляется еще более актуальной в контексте введения требований к под-
счету процента текстуальных совпадений при выполнении заданий. Таким
образом, развитие способности продуцировать развернутое письменное
высказывание различной жанровой направленности требует создания
особых условий, направленных на эффективное управление процессом
подготовки учащихся.
Предлагаемое учебно-методическое пособие — авторская методика
развития умений письменной речи в контексте требований к выполнению
заданий открытого типа ГИА и ЕГЭ по английскому языку. В её основе
лежит система упражнений, применение которых обеспечивает развитие
способности создавать развернутые высказывания в соответствии с ком-
муникативной задачей, описывать события, факты, явления, сообщать
и запрашивать информацию, выражать собственное мнение и подкреп-
лять его аргументами, обобщать информацию и делать выводы. При раз-
работке содержания пособия особое внимание было уделено анализу кри-
териев оценивания.
| 4 i Введение
Пособие состоит из трёх глав.
Первая глава «State Exam Preparation Course for the 9h -Year Students» по-
священа подготовке к написанию личного письма как части государствен-
ной итоговой аттестации выпускников IX класса по английскому языку.
Данная часть охватывает овладение правилами и нормами написания
личных писем, принятыми в англоязычных странах, и анализ критери-
ев оценивания (решение коммуникативной задачи, организация текста,
лексико-грамматическое оформление текста, орфография и пунктуация).
Вторая глава «State Exam Preparation Course for the ll'h-Year Students»
направлена на подготовку к написанию личного письма как части единого
государственного экзамена по английскому языку. Отметим, что задания
первой и второй главы не совпадают, поэтому при подготовке выпуск-
ников 11 класса целесообразно использовать упражнения для 9 класса,
а в дальнейшем переходить к заданиям для 11 класса.
В третьей главе «Opinion Essays» представлены задания для подготовки
к выполнению письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения,
проводится анализ критериев оценивания выполнения заданий и даются
рекомендации для успешного написания работы.
Особенность данного пособия — это реализация деятельностного под-
хода к процессу обучения письменной речи, что отражается в разработке
упражнений. Особое место в пособии занимают задания, направленные
на непосредственную продукцию письменных произведений (Writing
Practice) и анализ готовых образцов с точки зрения их соответствия кри-
териям оценивания (Expert Practice).
Таким образом, выполнение упражнений, представленных в учебно-
методическом пособии, обеспечивает эффективную подготовку и успеш-
ное выполнение заданий раздела «Письмо» в ходе ГИА и ЕГЭ по англий-
скому языку.
Желаем успешной сдачи экзаменов!
Замечания и предложения, касающиеся данной книги, можно присы-
лать по электронной почте: legionrus@lesionrus.com или обычной почтой.
Обсудить пособия, оставить свои замечания и предложения, задать во-
прос можно на официальном форуме издательства httD://legionr.rossite.org.
Следите за бесплатными дополнениями и методическими рекоменда-
циями на сайте издательства www.legionr.ru в связи с возможными измене-
ниями спецификаций экзаменационных работ, разрабатываемых ФИПИ.
PERSONAL LETTERS
STATE EXAM PREPARATION COURSE
FOR THE 9™-YEAR STUDENTS
Letter Writing Rules
1. Read the letter-stimulus and answer the questions.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Ben. ...I’m very busy preparing for my school exams in Literature and History. To pass them successfully, I have to remem- ber a lot. ...What subjects have you chosen for your exams and why?.. What type of exam do you prefer — oral or written? ...How do you prepare for exams? ... Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing1.	1.	Who is the letter from? 2.	How many questions are you going to answer in your letter? 3.	What questions should you answer? Underline them. 4.	How many words are you go- ing to write according to the task? 5.	How long should you spend on the task? 6.	What rules of letter writing should you follow?
1 Демонстрационный вариант контрольных измерительных материалов
для проведения в 2012 году государственной (итоговой) аттестации (в новой
форме) по английскому языку обучающихся, освоивших основные общеобра-
зовательные программы основного общего образования (письменная часть).
Режим доступа: http://www.fipi.ru/view/sections/223/docs/
6 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Attention!
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания Cl
При выполнение задания С1 «Личное письмо» необходимо учитывать сле-
дующие критерии оценивания:
— решение коммуникативной задачи (К.1),
— организация текста (К.2),
— лексико-грамматическое оформление текста (КЗ),
— орфография и пунктуация (К4).
Максимальное количество баллов при выполнении задания — 10
(К.1 — 3 балла, К2 — 2 балла, КЗ — 3 балла, К.4 — 2 балла).
2.	Read the letter to Ben (ex. 1). Analyze the criteria of evaluation answe-
ring the questions below.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
12/10/2012
Dear Ben,
Thank you for your letter. 1 was happy to hear from you. Sorry, I couldn’t
answer at once because I was ill.
In your letter you asked me about my exams. I’ve chosen Chemistry
and Biology because I want to become a doctor and they are related to my
future career. Of course, it is very difficult to prepare for the exams. Every
day I read text-books and write notes. Besides, I take on-line tests. 1 think
written exams are better than oral ones because 1 have enough time to think
and write the test correctly.
Sorry, I have to help my sister. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Arina
1.	Did Arina answer Ben’s three questions completely?
2.	Is there a form of address in Arina’s letter? What is it?
3.	Has the letter got the ending? What is it?
4.	Did the author of the letter write only her first name at the end of
the letter?
5.	Did the author of the letter thank for getting the letter?
6.	Did the author mention future contacts?
7.	Is the letter written in a logical order?
Letter Writing Rules | 7 |
8.	Did the author use any linking words (and, but, because, besides)?
9.	Did the author make any grammatical mistakes?
10.	Did the author use various words and phrases?
11.	Are there any spelling or punctuation mistakes in the letter?
3.	Read the highest possible criteria of evaluation. Does the letter in exer-
cise 2 satisfy the requirements?
Критерий оценивания	Задание выполнено полностью:
Решение коммуникативной задачи	Даны полные ответы на три заданных вопроса. Правильно выбрано обращение, завершающая фраза и подпись. Есть благодарность, упомина- ние о предыдущих контактах, выражена надеж- да на будущие контакты.
Организация текста	Текст логично выстроен и разделен на абзацы; правильно использованы языковые средства для передачи логической связи; оформление текста соответствует нормам.
Лексико-грамматическое оформление текста	Использованы разнообразная лексика и грам- матические структуры, соответствующие поставленной коммуникативной задаче (до- пускается не более 2-х языковых ошибок, не за- трудняющих понимание).
Орфография и пунктуация	Орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки практически отсутствуют (допускается не более 2-х, не затрудняющих понимание текста).
4.	Match the following essential letter features with the criteria of evalu-
ation. Complete the table.
К1	К2	КЗ	К4
Решение коммуникативной задачи	Организация текста	Лексико-грамма- тическое оформ- ление текста	Орфография и пунктуация
...	...	...	...
1.	автор письма дал полные ответы на три заданных вопроса; 2.	автор письма правильно выбрал обращение; 3.	автор письма использует средства логической связи;			
8 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
4.	автор письма использует разнообразную лексику, соответствующую по-
ставленной коммуникативной задаче;
5.	автор письма благодарит своего друга по переписке за полученное письмо;
6.	автор письма правильно выбрал завершающую фразу;
7.	автор письма логично выстраивает текст;
8.	автор письма использует разнообразные грамматические конструкции,
соответствующие поставленной коммуникативной задаче;
9.	автор правильно ставит подпись в конце письма;
10.	автор письма упоминает о предыдущих контактах и выражает надежду
на будущие контакты;
11.	автор письма оформляет текст в соответствии с нормами, принятыми
в стране изучаемого языка;
12.	в письме отсутствуют орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки.
5. Read the following letters. Do they satisfy the requirements? An-
alyze the letters according to the essential letter features given in
exercise 4.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Helen.
My parents are very busy and we can’t spend a lot of time together. But when
they have a day-off, we usually go for a walk or to the cinema together. ...
Do you spend much time with your parents ? Do you like to spend it together ?
Where did you go together last time ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
24/02/2012
Dear Helen,
1 was so happy to receive your letter. Thank you very much. Sorry, I
didn’t answer you at once because I was very busy with my exams.
In your letter you ask me about our free time. We have wonderful rela-
tions in my family. Besides, we like to spend time together though we don’t
have an opportunity to do it very often. We usually go to the cinema or to
the park and enjoy ourselves. I think that it’s important for all of us when we
Letter Writing Rules | 9
spend time together. What’s more, we discuss different problems and speak
on different topics. Last time we went to the mountains. It was so fantastic!
Sorry, I’d better go now and help my mother. Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Paul
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Dan.
We take tests every day and it takes us a lot of time to prepare for them.
Yesterday we had a Maths test and we ’re writing a Geography test tomorrow.
They are so difficult!..
...How often do you have tests? How do you prepare for them ? Do you think
that it is good when pupils write tests at every lesson ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tula
Russia
12/02/2012
Dear Dan,
Thanks for your letter. I was glad to get it. Sorry, I couldn’t answer you
earlier because I was ill.
You ask me about tests. They’re a real disaster! It’s terrible that you take
tests every day! 1 think teachers shouldn’t give tests at every lesson because it
makes pupils very nervous and doesn’t help to learn the subject. As for our
school, we don’t write tests too often. We usually have test once a month.
Of course, I usually prepare for my tests. I read text-books and memorize
dates, formulas, etc.
Sorry, I have to finish my homework. Write back soon!
With love,
Alex
10 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
6. A. Study the rules of letter writing.
Rules of Letter Writing
Обязательными компонентами письма являются
— обратный адрес в верхнем правом углу (можно краткий),
— дата под адресом,
— обращение — приветствие,
— завершающая фраза,
— подпись — имя автора письма.
При написании письма необходимо дать полные ответы на все заданные вопро-
сы письма-стимула.
При написании письма важно
— упомянуть о предыдущих контактах и выразить благодарность за полу-
ченное письмо,
— выразить надежду на будущие контакты.
Обрати внимание!
Необходимо соблюдать объём письма, указанный в задании (100—120 слов).
В. Read the following task and the sample letter. Analyze the letter
according to the rules of letter writing.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Susan.
Now we are preparing the concert for our teachers. AU the pupils of our class
are involved in it. Some pupils sing and others dance. As for me, / ’ll recite
a poem about teachers and their work. ...Have you ever taken part in any
concert ? When was it ? Are you going to arrange any concert soon ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Moscow
Russia
12/02/2012
Dear Susan,
I’m glad to get your letter. It is so exciting that you’re preparing the
concert! I think your teachers will be happy!
As for me, my classmates and I usually take part in different perfor-
mances which are organized in our school. I can dance very well and 1 par-
ticipate as a dancer. Last month we arranged the concert for our parents
Letter Writing Rules | 11
and teachers. It was during our school English week. We sang English songs
and danced national Irish dances. Now we’re preparing the concert for the
primary school pupils. It will take place in March.
Sorry, I have to help my little brother with his homework. Keep in
touch!
Best wishes,
Nelly
C. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false sen-
tences according to the rules of letter writing.
1.	We write our address in the top right-hand corner.
2.	We write the date before the address.
3.	We start with Dear and our pen friend’s first name.
4.	We write only about previous contacts.
5.	We thank our pen friend for the letter we have received.
6.	We can choose any question in the letter and answer it.
7.	We express the hope for our future contacts.
8.	We can end with Yours faithfully1 and our surname.
7. Read the following task and the letter. Answer the questions below.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Pamela.
I am so happy! My Granny is arriving tomorrow and all my family are pre-
paring for her visit. She is so kind and her hobby is gardening.
... What about you? Where does your granny live? What is she like? Is she
fond of gardening?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100-120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Saratov
Russia
24th October, 2012
Dear Pamela,
I was happy to receive your letter! Thanks a lot.
Great news about your granny! As for me, my Granny lives in Vol-
gograd. It is far from my native town that’s why I visit her only during
1 с уважением, преданный Вам , с совершенным почтением.
12 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
my holidays. She doesn’t look like her age. She’s got short blond hair and
brown eyes.
As for her character, she is very kind and careful. She is a doctor and
she doesn’t want to retire. She works in a hospital and cures children.
She is very respectable and helpful.
My Granny isn’t interested in gardening but she likes collecting plates.
She has a wonderful collection of plates from different cities.
Keep in touch!
With love,
Natasha
1. Where did Natasha write her address? 2. Did she write the date?
3. How did Natasha start her letter? 4. Did she write about the previous
contact? 5. How did she thank her pen friend for the letter she had re-
ceived? 6. Did she answer where her granny lived? 7. Did she write about
her granny’s character? 8. Did she write about her granny’s attitude towards
gardening? 9. Did she express her hope for the future contacts? 10. What
closing phrase did she use? 11. How did she end her letter?
8. Read the letter. Match its parts with the elements of the form below.
Pay attention to the structure you should follow.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Paul.
Our summer holidays will start soon. We 're looking forward to them. All my
friends have their own plans for this summer. As for me, I’m going to work
and to visit my granny.
...How are you going to spend your summer holidays ? Would you like to get
a part-time job? Where are you going to travel this summer?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
A. Krasnodar
Russia
B. 10th March, 2012
C. Dear Paul,
D. It was great to receive your letter. Glad to hear that you want to
work in summer.
Letter Writing Rules | 13
E. In your letter you ask me about my plans for the holidays. First of
all, I’m going to the language camp where I’ll learn English and French.
In July my parents and I are going to visit Saint Petersburg. It’s my dream
to go sightseeing there and to visit famous museums! As for a part-time
job, I haven’t decided yet. J may work in August. I understand that it’s a
wonderful possibility to earn money and to get experience but it’s difficult
to find it.
F.	Well, I’d better go now. Write back soon!
G.	Best wishes,
H.	Igor
1
9.	Answer the questions.
1.	Where do you write your address?
2.	Do you write the address of the person you are writing to in the letter?
3.	Where do you write your first name?
4.	Where do you write the date?
5.	How do you begin an informal letter?
6.	How do you finish it?
7.	Where do you write about previous contacts?
8.	Where do you write about future contacts?
14 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation
10. A. Read the first criterion of evaluation (K1).
Решение коммуникативной задачи	
3 балла	Задание выполнено полностью: даны полные ответы на три за- данных вопроса. Правильно выбрано обращение, завершающая фраза и подпись. Есть благодарность, упоминание о предыдущих контактах, выражена надежда на будущие контакты.
2 балла	Задание выполнено: даны ответы на три заданных вопроса, НО на один вопрос дан неполный ответ. Есть 1—2 нарушения в сти- левом оформлении письма И/ИЛИ отсутствует благодарность, упоминание о предыдущих/будуших контактах.
1 балл	Задание выполнено частично: даны ответы на заданные вопросы, НО на два вопроса даны неполные ответы ИЛИ ответ на один вопрос отсутствует. Имеется более 2-х нарушений в стилевом оформлении письма и в соблюдении норм вежливости.
0 баллов	Задание не выполнено: отсутствуют ответы на два вопроса ИЛИ текст письма не соответствует требуемому объему.
B. What features is it necessary to include in the personal letter?
Choose them from the table below.
The answer to the 1st question, the answer to the 2nd question, the an-
swer to the 3rd question, the full name, the expression of understanding,
the information about the weather, the reference to some problems, the
appropriate form of greeting, the gratitude for the letter, the reference to
the future contacts, the closing sentences, the name, the reason for writing.
11. Read the following letter and match its elements.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Steve.
Guess what ? I’ve joined our school football club. We train every day. It’s very
hard and unfortunately, 1 don’t have enough time for my homework.
... What about you? Are you interested in sports? Do you take part in your
school competitions? How do you manage to have enough time for your
studies and training?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 15
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tambov Russia 24/11/2012 Dear Steve, Thanks for your letter. Sorry, I didn’t answer at once. I’ve been really busy recently because tomor- row it is a very important day for me — we’re having our school basketball competition. As you can see, I’m fond of basketball. Our team is famous in my school. We always partici- pate in competitions and we often win. As for my school, I try to study well and I always do my home- work. Sometimes I’m very tired but I understand that I must do my best because my future depends on my school achievements. That’s why I do my homework and after that I go to the gym. Hope to hear from you soon. Best wishes, Misha	The date
	The reference to the future contacts
	The answer to the 1st question
	The answer to the 2nd question
	The answer to the 3rd question
	The appropriate form of greeting
	The reference to the previous contacts
	The address
	The closing sentence
	The addresser’s name
12. Read the following letters. Analyze them using the following crite-
rion of evaluation (K1). Tick the statements in the table of evaluation
below.
	Letter 1	Letter 2	Letter3
The answer to the 1st question			
The answer to the 2nd question			
The answer to the 3rd question			
The appropriate form of greeting			
The reference to the previous contacts			
The reference to the future contacts			
16 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
	Letter 1	Letter 2	Letter 3
The closing sentence			
The addresser’s name			
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
We \e moved to our new flat. It’s very spacious and I don't have to share my
room with my sister.... What is your house like ? What is yourfavourite room ?
How do you like to spend time in your room ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Letter 1.
Kemerovo
Russia
23rd September, 2012
Dear friend,
I’d like to tell you about my house. We live in a small flat. It is on the
fifth floor in a block of flats. What’s more, my flat is very comfortable.
There are three rooms in it. We have got a sitting room and two bedrooms.
My bedroom is not very big. There is a sofa, a desk, a TV, a wardrobe and an
armchair there. Besides, you can see different photos on the walls. I usually
spend my time in my room. 1 like to listen to music or watch TV. I clean my
room every week and 1 try to make it more comfortable.
Write back soon!
All the best,
Helen
Letter 2.
Vladimir
Russia
12th August, 2012
Dear Jane,
I’m happy to get your letter. It was nice of you to drop me a line.
In your letter you ask me about my house. My house is situated in
a quiet street. It’s not very large. We’ve got a sitting room and 2 bedrooms.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 17 |
My favorite room is our sitting room. It’s very spacious and light.
There’s a sofa, two armchairs and a TV set in it. Besides, we like to spend
evenings there. We watch TV or discuss problems. As for my room, it’s very
cosy. You can find the most important thing for me here. It’s my computer.
I usually play computer games or surf the Net.
Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Valera
Letter 3.
Stavropol
Russia
10th May, 2012
Dear Jane,
Thanks for your letter. I was glad to get it! It was so nice to learn all your
news!
In your letter you want to know about my house. It’s in the center of my
town. Though the building is rather old, our flat is modem and comfort-
able. We live on the fourth floor. It has all modem conveniences.
As for me, I like my room best of all. It has a balcony. I’ve got a nice
sofa, a wardrobe, a chair and a table where my computer is. You can see the
posters of my favorite singers on the walls.
Best wishes,
Masha Ivanova
Attention!
Первый критерий оценивания выполнения задания Cl
Первый критерий оценивания личного письма «Решение коммуникативной
задачи» (К 1) включает
— выполнение всех аспектов, указанных в задании,
— соблюдение норм, характерных для неофициального стиля,
— соблюдение принятых в языке норм вежливости,
— соблюдение требуемого объема высказывания.
При написании личного письма необходимо учитывать особенности неофи-
циального стиля, к которым относятся
— форма обращения в соответствии с неофициальным стилем:
Dear Helen,
Dear Jane
18 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Первый критерий оценивания выполнения задания Cl
— завершающая фраза в соответствии с неофициальным стилем:
With love,
Best wishes,
Lots of love.
All the best,
Take care,
— в конце письма должно быть указано только имя автора:
Natasha
Alex
При написании письма необходимо учитывать принятые в англоязычных
странах нормы вежливости.
В начале письма важно выразить благодарность за полученное письмо:
Thank you for your letter, it’s great to receive it!
Thanks for your recent letter.
Кроме того, необходимо включить в письмо ссылку на предыдущие кон-
такты:
Гт happy to hear from you again!
I’m happy to receive your letter!
I was glad to get your letter!
В завершении письма перед финальной фразой и подписью необходимо
включить фразы, выражающие желание продолжать переписку:
Write back soon!
(/ ’т) looking forward to your answer!
Keep in touch!
13.	Give the right form of greeting.
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Andrew who writes...	Dear Andrew,
You have received a letter from your British pen friend Helen who writes...	
You have received a letter from your English pen friend Susan who writes...	
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Tom who writes...	
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 19
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Steven who writes...	
You have received a letter from your British pen friend Paul who writes...	
14.	Choose the odd phrase. Determine the communicative role of these
phrases in the letter.
1.	A. With love, B. Best wishes, C. Lots of love, D. Yours faithfully;
2.	A. Dear Jane, B. Dear my friend, C. Dear Jane Smith, D. My dear
Jane Smith;
3.	A. All the best, B. Take care, C. Yours faithfully, D. Best wishes;
4.	A. Dear Sir, B. Dear Mr. Brown, C. Dear Madam, D. Dear Ann;
5.	A. Take care, B. Yours faithfully, C. Best wishes, D. All the best;
6.	A. Write back soon. B. I’m writing in response to your request of in-
formation. С. I am looking forward to your answer. D. Keep in touch.
15. Match the following parts. Write complete sentences. What is their
communicative role in the letter?
I	was am	happy glad	to get your letter	which	arrived I received has arrived I’ve received	today yesterday this morning
Thank you for your Thanks for your	delightful interesting exciting informative	letter which	arrived I received I got has arrived I’ve received I’ve got	yesterday two days ago on Thursday today this morning
20 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
16. Read the following initial parts of the letters. Underline the phrases
which include the reference to the previous contacts.
Novgorod
Russia
5th December, 2012
Dear Helen,
Thanks for your letter. It was nice of you to drop me a letter.
In your letter you ask me about my friend...
Kaluga
Russia
9th December, 2012
Dear Sam,
I was happy to get your letter. Sorry, it’s been so long since I wrote.
In your letter you want to know about my summer plans...
Saratov
Russia
7th December, 2012
Dear Bob,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to learn about great news from
you.
As you’re interested in my school subjects...
Omsk
Russia
4/11/2012
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. It was so nice to hear your news.
In your letter you asked me about my favorite singer...
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation j 21
17. Read the following phrases. Divide them into two groups: reference
to the previous contacts and reference to the future contacts.
1. Thank you for your letter, it’s great to receive it. 2. Thanks for your recent letter. 3. Looking forward to hearing from you! 4. Thanks for your letter. 5. It was so nice to hear your news. 6. Thank you for your letter. 7. Write back soon. 8. I’m looking forward to your answer. 9. I’m happy to learn about your news. 10. I was happy to get your letter. 11. Hope to hear from you soon. 12. Drop me a line when you are free. 13. Looking forward to your letter. 14. Write soon! 15. Keep in touch! 16. Sorry, it’s been so long since I wrote. 17. Thanks for your letter. 18. It was nice of you to drop me a letter. 19. I’m happy to hear from you again. 20. I’m happy to receive your letter.	
Reference to the previous contacts	Reference to the future contacts
	
18. Divide these phrases into the following groups. Determine their
communicative role in the letter.
1.	With love, 2.	Igor 3.	Write back soon! 4.	Dear Paul, 5.	It was great to receive your letter!				
The greeting	The reference to the previous contacts	The reference to the future contacts	The closing sentence	The addresser’s name
				
19.	Read the following task and the letter. Think of similar expressions
to replace the words and phrases in bold.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Julia.
22 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
All my friends prefer to wear jeans and T-shirts. They don’t like to wear
suits, shirts or ties. As for me, 1 like formal style but I’m afraid my friends
won’t understand me.
... What about you ? What kind of clothes do yourfriends and you prefer? Are
you satisfied with your style? What clothes would you like to buy?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Murmansk
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear Julia,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to receive some news from you.
You ask me about my preferences in clothes. My friends and I like com-
fortable clothes. As we’re fond of sports, we usually wear tracksuits or jeans
and trainers. At the same time, my clothes depend on the situation. For
example, when 1 go to the theatre, 1 choose a dress or a suit. I like my style
and 1 don’t want to change it. Yesterday 1 went shopping with my mum
and I saw a wonderful blouse. I’d like to buy it.
I’d better go now because 1 have to do my homework. Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Marina
Важно внимательно прочитать письмо-стимул и выявить вопросы, на кото-
рые нужно представить ответы в личном письме! Обрати внимание! Необ-
ходимо представить ответы на все вопросы письма-стимула!
20.	Read the following tasks and letters. Underline the answers to the
questions.
Letter I.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Samantha.
Our literature club is very popular in our school. Every Friday we organize
literature meetings and discuss different books... Are you and your friends
keen on reading? What is your favourite kind of book and why? What book
are you reading now ?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 23 |
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Volgograd
Russia
10th March, 2012
Dear Samantha,
Thank you for your letter. I was happy to know your news!
It’s wonderful that you’re interested in reading! My friends and I like
reading very much, too. We are fond of different kinds of books and we usu-
ally discuss characters, events, problems from the books we have read. As
for my favourite kind of book, I’m keen on historical novels because I can
learn a lot of facts about our history. Now I’m reading "Peter the First" by
A. Tolstoy. I’m very fascinated with at the life of this outstanding personality
and his strong character.
Sorry, I have to help my mother. Write back soon!
With love,
Arina
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Betty.
I have got too many duties at home because I have to help my parents with
household chores. Every day I must wash up, take my dog out for a walk,
throw the garbage away and do the shopping. Besides, it takes me a lot of
time to do my homework. That’s why the main problem for me is the lack of
free time.
... What about you ? Do you have the same problem ? What household chores
do you have to do ? How did you help about the house yesterday ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Omsk
Russia
10th May, 2012
Dear Betty,
I’m happy to receive your letter. As I see you’re very busy with your
studies and household chores.
24 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
In your letter you ask me about my duties. I understand your prob-
lems very well because I have the same lack of time. My parents work a lot,
so I have to help them about the house. Besides, I must do my homework
every day and I go to music school. As for my household chores they are
washing up, ironing, dusting and watering the flowers
Of course, I did a lot yesterday. I washed the dishes and helped my
mum to prepare dinner.
Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Nastya
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Lisa.
I’ve already found a part-time job and now I’m babysitting. Of course, it isn’t
easy but I like children and I want to earn some money.
... What do you usually do to earn pocket money ? What part-time job would
you like to find? How would you like to spend the money you ’ll earn ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Barnaul
Russia
6th September, 2012
Dear Lisa,
Thank you for your letter. What wonderful news it is that you’ve begun
to work!
Unfortunately, earning pocket money is a real problem for Russian
teenagers! We want to have a part-time job but it’s difficult to find it. As for
me, I help at the flower stall. Of course, it doesn’t give me a lot of money
but it’s enough for my daily expenses. This summer I’m going to visit my
granny. She lives in the country. What’s more, I plan to work on the farm
and I want to buy a new camera with the money I’ll earn.
Sorry, I’d better go now. Looking forward to your letter.
Best wishes,
Helen
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 25 |
21.	Determine the aspects of the task. Underline the questions you
should answer. Give short answers to each question (in writing).
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jim.____________________________________
My parents and I often argue about pocket money. It’s not enough for me but
they don’t think so. They say that if I need more, I should find a part-time
job. ... What about you ? What do you argue about with your parents? How
do you solve the problem ofpocket money? Have you ever had a part-time
job?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Emma.
Unfortunately, I’m rather shy and it is always difficult for me to make new
friends that’s why I have few friends. ... What about you ? Do you have any
difficulties related to making new friends ? Have you got many friends ? How
do you spend time with your friends ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
26 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Letter 3
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Steve.
My best friend is fond of collecting stamps. He is interested in this hobby a lot
and can talk about it for hours. However, I find it very boring.
... What do you think about this hobby? Why do people choose different hob-
bies ? What is your favourite hobby ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 4
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
My new hobby is cooking. It’s so wonderful! My mother says that it is
very important for my future life. I’ve leamt to cook different dishes, for ex-
ample, salads and soups... Would you like to learn to cook ? Why or why not?
Who cooks in your house ? Can you cook your favourite dish ?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation j 27 |
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 5
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Tony.
We organized Ecological Week in our school not long ago and now we have
an ecological group. A lot of my classmates joined it and now we take part in
different activities to help the nature.
... Well, is there any ecological club or group in your school? What do you
do? What is the most important environmental problem in your area ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
28 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
22. Read the following tasks and letters written in reply to them. Answer
the questions below.
Letter 1. You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Julia. My granny’s birthday is usually a special day for all my family. My relatives come to our place and congratulate heron this occasion. 1 think it is very im- portant and helps us to keep friendly and warm relations. What family holidays do you celebrate ? Have you got any special traditions related to them ? Are you going to celebrate any family holiday soon ? Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions. Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Moscow Russia 12th April, 2012 Dear Julia, Thank you for your letter. My congratula- tions to your grandmother on her birthday! It is wonderful that your family is very friendly! As for me, we also try to keep family traditions. So we usually celebrate our birth- days. We always prepare something unusual and surprising for our parents’ birthdays. For example, last year my brother and 1 made a fantastic cake for our mother’s birthday. She was very happy! Soon we’ll celebrate our aunt’s birthday and we’ve already begun to prepare for it. As it will be in May, we want to plant beautiful flowers in her garden. It’ll be our surprise! Write back soon! With love, Karina	Answer the questions: 1.	Does the letter in- clude information about family holidays Karina’s family celebrates? 2.	Did Karina write about any special traditions re- lated to the family holi- days? 3.	Did she write about any holiday they are go- ing to celebrate? 4.	Did Karina answer all the questions men- tioned in the task? 5.	Does the letter satisfy the requirements of the task?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 29
Letter 2. You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Steve. Yesterday we went to the cinema. The film was fantastic!.. Well, ... how often do you go to the cinema? What was the last film you saw about? What film would you like to see ? Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Irkutsk Russia 25th August, 2012 Dear Steve, I was happy to receive your letter. It was so interesting for me to read your news! In your letter you ask me about my pref- erence related to the cinema. Of course, I’m fond of films and I often watch them in the cinema. It’s a great pleasure to enjoy a good film! As a rule, my friends and I go to the cin- ema twice a month. Last week we saw “Puss in Boots”. It was a funny cartoon and we laughed a lot. My dream is to watch old silent movies. Unfortunately, they aren’t on at the cinema nowadays. Sorry, I have to go to the shop now. Keep in touch. With love, Andrew	Answer the questions: 1.	Did Andrew write about the frequency of going to the cinema? 2.	Does the letter contain any information about the film he saw last time? 3.	Did he write about the film he would like to see? 4.	Did Andrew answer all the questions men- tioned in the task? 5.	Does the letter satisfy the requirements of the task?
30 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Letter 3. You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Dan. / can’t imagine my life without computers. It is a fantastic device but it’s a real disaster when it is broken down. Well, is the computer important to you ? How do you use it ? What do you do if you have problems with your computer? Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Tomsk Russia 20th September, 2012 Dear Dan, Thank you for your letter. It was interest- ing to read it. You want to know more about the role of computers in my life. I agree with you that our life would be impossible without comput- ers. This device is very important to me and it makes the life easier and more interesting. I usually search for the information on the In- ternet and communicate with my friends on line. Besides, I like to play computer games. As for me, it is a real problem when my com- puter is out of order. My uncle who is a pro- grammer usually helps me with it. Write back soon! Best wishes, Denis	Answer the questions: 1.	Did Denis write about the importance of com- puters in his life? 2.	Did he mention how he used computers? 3.	Did he mention what he did when his comput- er was out of order? 4.	Did Denis answer all the questions men- tioned in the task? 5.	Does the letter satisfy the requirements of the task?
			
В начале основной части письма (the main body) необходимо выявить об-
щую тему (the topic), которая охватывает все вопросы. Например, в задании
упражнения 1 даны следующие вопросы: ...What subjects have you chosen for
your exams and why ?.. What type of exam do you prefer — oral or written ?... How do
you prepare for exams? ...Общая тема, объединяющая все вопросы — exams.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 31 |
Это важно для того, чтобы написать первое предложение основной части,
которое станет введением в тему письма и способом для объединения всех
вопросов. Ты можешь использовать следующие фразы:
You asked те about... Well, I can say that...
In your letter you want to know about...
As you are interested in ...I'd like to tell you that...
23. Read the tasks, determine their topics and write the first sentence
of the main body of your letter.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Andrew.
Reading is a wonderful activity for me. Our school library is wonderful and I
can find almost any book there. ... What about you? Is there a library in
your school? What books do you borrow from it? Does the librarian help you
choose the books?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jim.
Tomorrow we are going to the cinema. I have wanted to watch “The Tri-
angle ’’for a long time. Almost all my friends have already seen it. They agree
that it’s one of the best films they have ever seen.
...What about you? Have you seen it yet? What film did you see last? Why
do you think people like cinema?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
32 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Bill.
Our school uniform is a real disaster! It isn’t comfortable! At the same time,
we must wear it because of our school rules!
... What about you? What kind of uniform do you wear at school? Is it com-
fortable? What kind of uniform would be ideal for schoolchildren?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 4.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Alex.
Unfortunately, 1 ’m rather shy and making friends is always difficult for me.
I have a few friends, they are loyal and / can trust them.
What about you? What do you prefer: to have one or a lot of friends? Is it
difficult for you to make new friends ? What does your best friend look like?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 5.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Paul.
My elder brother is graduatingfrom the university this year. He is very intel-
ligent and reliable but he tends to be bossy. Sometimes we argue.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 33
What about you ? What does your brother or sister look like ? What kind of
person is she or he? Do you argue, why?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 6.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jim.
My favourite subject is Literature. It is because of our teacher. Her lessons
are fantastic. She is very kind and attractive but at the same time she is strict.
... What about you? Who is your favourite teacher? What does she look like?
What kind of person is she?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 7.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Ben.
My mother usually says that it’s time to choose my future job, but it is a real
problem for me!
...Is it difficult for you to choose your future career? Have you decided on it
yet? Who helps you to make this decision ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
34 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
24. Read the following tasks. Give complete answers to the questions.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
We had a new subject at school. It’s Psychology. It is interesting to know
about our emotions, feelings, etc. and try to explain them. Yesterday we took
a test. And I’d like to ask you several questions from it.
What makes you happy ? What frightens you ? What do you really detest ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Kevin.
We are preparing a literature party dedicated to Russian poets. I’m going to
tell about one of them.
Are you fond of poetry? Who is your favourite Russian poet? Have you ever
written poems?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Ann.
September is the beginning of our studies. School year is usually full of differ-
ent events. We take part in concerts, competitions, performances, etc.
... What about you ? What happens during school year in your school ? How
do the pupils take part in the school life ? What is the most important event in
your school ? 
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 35
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Первый критерий оценивания включает анализ соблюдения требуемого
объема письма, поэтому важно, чтобы письмо содержало 100—120 слов, как
указано в задании.
Письмо недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста письма, превышаю-
щая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Если объём письма менее 90 слов,
то задание оценивается в 0 баллов. Если объём более 132 слов, то проверке
подлежат только 120 слов, т. е. та часть личного письма, которая соответ-
ствует требуемому объёму.
При определении соответствия объема представленной работы требованиям
считаются все слова, начиная с первого слова по последнее, включая вспо-
могательные глаголы, предлоги, артикли, частицы. В личном письме адрес,
дата, подпись также подлежат подсчету. При этом
—	стяженные (краткие) формы (например, I've, it's, doesn't, wasn't) считают-
ся как одно слово;
—	числительные, выраженные цифрами (например, 5; 29; 2010,123204) счи-
таются как одно слово;
—	числительные, выраженные словами (например, twenty-one), считаются
как одно слово;
—	сложные слова (например, pop-singer, English-speaking, thirty-two) счита-
ются как одно слово;
—	сокращения (например, UK, e-mail, TV) считаются как одно слово.
25.	Read the following letter. Say if there is the correct number of words
in it. Count the words.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Ann.
I often have arguments with my parents about the music I listen to. They
think that it is too loud.
| 36 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
... What kind of music do you listen to? Who is your favourite singer? Are
your parents worried about the music you listen to?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Samara
Russia
28th August, 2012
Dear Ann,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to receive it!
You want to know what kind of music 1 listen to. I’d like to tell you
that music is my hobby and I’m fond of pop music. 1 have got a wonderful
collection of CDs at home. Besides, my preferences depend on my mood.
Sometimes 1 like to listen to romantic and calm music. Other day 1 prefer
energetic dance music. As for my favourite singer, he’s Dima Bilan. His
songs are so wonderful! You’re interested in my parents’ attitude towards
my music preferences. They share my interests and we often discuss songs
or music video.
Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Elina
26.	Read the task. Use the right number of words in each part of the
letter. Write the main body according to the rules. Don't forget to
use the required number of words.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Diana.
This year we celebrate the 30th anniversary of my school. It is one of the best
schools in my town. It has wonderful traditions and pupils and teachers keep
them carefully.
What traditions has your school got? What do pupils do to keep them ? What
new traditions would you like to have in your school?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 37 |
Tula Russia 12/02/2012 Dear Dan, Thanks for your letter. I was so happy to get it. Sorry, I couldn’t answer you earlier because 1 was ill. Well, I have to finish my homework. Write back soon. With love, Valera	2 words
	1 word
	2 words
	21 words
	61—81 words
	10 words
	2 word
	1 word
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation
27.	A. Read the second criterion of evaluation (K2).
Организация текста	
2 балла	Текст логично выстроен и разделен на абзацы; правильно использованы языковые средства для передачи логи- ческой связи; оформление текста соответствует нормам письменного этикета
1 балл	Текст в основном логично выстроен, НО имеются недостатки (1—2) при использовании средств логической связи И/ИЛИ делении на абзацы ИЛИ имеются отдельные нарушения в структурном оформлении тек- ста письма
0 баллов	Текст выстроен нелогично; допущены многочисленные ошибки в структурном оформлении текста письма ИЛИ оформление текста не соответствует нормам письменного этике- та, принятого в стране изучаемого языка
38 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
B. What essential features does the ideal letter include? Choose
them from the table above.
Владение письменной речью включает умения организации текста, которые
включают логичность письма, структурирование и связность текста, оформ-
ление текста в соответствии с нормами этикета, принятыми в англоязычных
странах.
Логичность высказывания достигается на основе смысловой цельности
(единство темы письма) и последовательности изложения. Чтобы письмо
было логичным, необходимо определить логику ответа на вопросы. Важно
давать полные ответы, которые представляют достаточно подробное описа-
ние, повествование или обоснование собственного мнения. Ответы не дол-
жны быть краткими, односложными.
При написании письма необходимо обратить внимание на разделение тек-
ста на абзацы. Обязательно необходимо выделить следующие абзацы: нача-
ло письма, основная часть и заключение. Основная часть (main body) пись-
ма может быть также разделена на абзацы, которые должны быть выделены
согласно логике изложения.
Важной характеристикой письма является связность текста. При написа-
нии необходимо использовать разнообразные средства логической связи
(вводные слова, союзы, союзные слова и т. д.). Их применение должно быть
оправданным и уместным и соответствовать неофициальному стилю речи.
Обрати внимание на оформление текста в соответствии с нормами этикета,
принятыми в англоязычных странах:
— наличие обращения, завершающей фразы, имени автора на отдельной
строке;
— наличие адреса и даты в правом верхнем углу.
28.	Read the following letters and analyze their structure. Tick the correct
statements below each letter.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend James.
AU my classmates are fond of sports. We take part in different competitions
and school championships. But 1 don’t feel like going in for sports.
Do you think it’s important to do sports? Do you do sports or do you like to
watch them ? What is your dream related to sports ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 39
Letter 1.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
24/10/2012
Dear James,
Thanks for your letter. It’s wonderful that your class is so interested in
sports! Why haven’t you found your favourite sport activity yet?
As for me, I’m sure that sport plays a very important role in our
life because it helps us to be stronger and it gives us energy. Of course,
I can’t imagine my life without it. I go to the swimming pool three times
a week and play volleyball in our school gym on Wednesday and Saturday.
As for my dream, I’d like to go to Sochi and watch the Olympic Games.
Sorry, my mum is calling me. I should go and help her. Keep in touch!
With love,
Artem
Высказывание логично;	О
средства логической связи использованы правильно;	О
текст верно разделён на абзацы;	О
структурное оформление текста соответствует нормам,
принятым в стране изучаемого языка, а именно:
обращение на отдельной строке,	□
завершающая фраза на отдельной строке,	Л
подпись на отдельной строке,	О
адрес автора в правом верхнем углу,	О
дата в правом верхнем углу под адресом.	О
Letter 2.
Ivanovo
Russia
24th October, 2012
Dear James,
I was happy to get your letter. It’s a pity you aren’t interested in any
sport. It’s important to go in for sports. Teenagers can play volleyball or
football. They can swim, run or jump. They are healthy and fit. They
40 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
aren’t ill. 1 like different kinds of sport. I like to watch them on TV. I like
to watch football matches with my friends. My dream is to win our school
football championship. We have got a good football team in my class. Now 1
have to do my homework and after that I should help my mother about the
house. Looking forward to your letter.
Best wishes,
Alex
Высказывание логично;	□
средства логической связи использованы правильно;	CI
текст верно разделён на абзацы;	СП
структурное оформление текста соответствует нормам,
принятым в стране изучаемого языка, а именно:
обращение на отдельной строке,	□
завершающая фраза на отдельной строке,	□
подпись на отдельной строке,	Л
адрес автора в правом верхнем углу,	О
дата в правом верхнем углу под адресом.	СП
Для того чтобы письмо соответствовало нормам письменного этикета, необ-
ходимо соблюдать следующие правила оформления личного письма.
В верхнем правом углу напиши свой адрес (адрес отправителя):
l-я строка — номер квартиры,
2-я строка — номер дома, название улицы,
3-я строка — город,
4-я строка — страна.
Flat 25,
64, Sobornaya Street,
Pyatigorsk,
Russia
При написании письма можно использовать и краткий адрес:
1-я строка — город,
2-я строка — страна.
Pyatigorsk,
Russia
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 41 |
При написании адреса могут быть использованы следующие сокращения:
street — st., road — rd., square — sq., avenue — ave.
Под адресом напиши дату написания письма:
date/month/year(BE) — британский английский:
	5th May, 2012 или 5/05/2012
month/date/year (АЕ) — американский английский:
March 5, 2012
29.	Choose the correct variant of writing:
— address 1.	a)	6, Lomonosov Street Krasnoyarsk Russia b)	Krasnoyarsk 6, Lomonosov Street Russia c)	Russia Krasnoyarsk Lomonosov Street, 6
2.	a)	Russia Irkutsk b)	Irkutsk Russia c)	Russia Irkutsk
3.	a)	Russia Pyatigorsk b)	Russia Pyatigorsk c)	Pyatigorsk Russia
42 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
— date
1.
a)	Krasnodar
58, Krasnaya Street
Russia
b)	58, Krasnaya Street
Krasnodar
Russia
c)	58, Krasnaya Street
Krasnodar
a)	2011 the 20th of December
b)	20th December, 2011
c)	2011 December 20
2.	a)	20/12/2012
	b)	2011/5/29
	c)	06/12
3.	a)	4/22/2012
	b)	4/22
	c)	April 2012
4.	a)	March 2012
	b)	5th March
	c)	March 5,2012
30.	A. Set the following addresses out in lines according to the rules of
letter writing.
1.	Flat 2 100 Mira street Tula Russia
2.	46 Kirova street Pyatigorsk Russia
3.	Flat 124 Lenina street Novgorod Russia
4.	86 Lesnaya street Kirov Russia
5.	Flat 3594 Krasnaya street Krasnodar Russia
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 43 ]
B. Write a short form of address for each example.
31.	Write down the following dates in their full forms (several forms
are possible).
16/05/2012— 16th May, 2012; May 16, 2012
12/10/2012	4/07/2012	15/03/2012
5/01/2012	26/12/2012	29/08/2012
32.	Write down your own address and the date according to the rules
of letter writing.
33.	Read the following fragments and correct them. Analyze the usage
of the appropriate form of greeting, ending and the addresser's
name.
Letter 1
Russia
Yaroslavl
Pushkin street, 25
September 2012
Dear Ben,
Thank you for your letter...
In your letter you ask me about
Best wishes,
Semen Ivanov
44 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Letter 2
h.25, flat 12,
Severnaya street,
Vladimir
August
Dear Jane,
It was nice of you to drop me a line.
In your letter you ask me about
With love,
Diana
Letter 3
2, Naberezhnaya street,
Sochi
Russia
12th August, 2012
Dear Susan,
1 was happy to get your letter.
You asked me about
All the best,
Veta

При ответе на вопросы письма-стимула не обязательно следовать в строгом
порядке, в соответствии с тем, как даны вопросы. Необходимо обращать
внимание на логику изложения мыслей и отвечать на вопросы согласно ходу
рассуждений. Так, при ответе на вопросы ты можешь следовать моделям:
от общего к частному, от примеров к обобщению, от общепринятого мнения
к собственной точке зрения и т. п. Логика повествования нарушается, если
ты перескакиваешь с одного вопроса на другой и не даешь полные ответы.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 45 ]
34.	Read the following tasks and pupils' answers. Comment on the order
the questions are answered.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Emily.
We learn foreign languages at school. I learn-French and it is one of my
favourite subjects. I have been learning French for 6 years and it is rather
difficult.
Which ways of learning English are effective for you ? What aspects related to
teaming English do you find difficult for you ? Do you find teaming English
as a foreign language interesting?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
23rd November, 2012
Dear Emily,
I’m happy to get your letter. It’s wonderful you’re learning French as
a foreign language.
As for me, I’m learning English at school. It’s very interesting because
we read different texts in English and learn a lot of new facts. Besides,
1 think it’s very important because English is an international language now-
adays. As for effective ways of learning English, I use video films, too. They
help me to understand English people. Besides, English is a rather difficult
subject at school. It’s really hard to understand English grammar for me.
Sorry, I have to help my mum. Write back soon!
With love,
Elina
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Andrew.
My parents usually give me advice about my friends. I don’t like it because I
think that I can make my own decisions about people around me.
| 46 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
...Do you think it is important to take into consideration their opinion?
What is your parents ’ attitude towards yourfriends ? What do you do if your
parents don’t like yourfriends ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Moscow
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear Andrew,
Thanks for your letter. You’ve written about a very serious problem.
In your letter you ask me about my friends and my parents’ attitude
towards them. I’ve got a lot of friends. Some of them are interested in rock
music. My parents don’t understand it but they never show their negative
attitude. Of course, I’m sure that my parents’ opinion is very important be-
cause they have got more experience. However, if my parents don’t like
my friends, I try to explain them my opinion and we discuss the situation.
Sometimes they are right!
Sorry, I have to do my homework. Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Helen
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Polly.
Reading is my favourite pastime. Unfortunately, young people aren ’tfond
of reading and they don’t understand the importance of reading and its
great influence on their character.
What kind of reading are you interested in (books, magazines, newspapers,
encyclopedias, etc.) ? How much time do you spend on reading? Do you re-
member the book you liked best of all in your childhood?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 47
Novosibirsk
Russia
15th November, 2012
Dear Polly,
I’m so happy to get your letter. It’s wonderful that reading is your hob-
by!
As for me, I like reading and books play a very important role in my life.
Unfortunately, I don’t have enough time for reading because I’m busy with
my studies. That’s why I don’t spend a lot of time on reading. I read a lot in
summer when I’m on holiday. Of course, I like adventure novels best of all.
At the same time Г read newspapers and magazines. As for my favourite
book in my childhood, it was Cinderella. I read it a lot of times.
Write back soon!
With love,
Ann
Letter 4.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend James.
We ’re preparing a conference about Russia. We ’ll talk about its geographical
position, climate, political system, symbols, history, etc. Each pupil is prepar-
ing interestingfacts about your country. Could you help me ?
... What do you think the most important events in the history of Russia are?
Can you name any outstanding Russian people? What is your home town
famous for?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100-120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Volgograd
Russia
2nd September, 2012
Dear James,
Thank you for your letter. I’m glad that you’re taking part in the confer-
ence about Russia! It’s so wonderful!
The history of my native country is great! Russia is famous for its
achievements and outstanding personalities. As for the most important
events in the history of Russia, it’s The Great Patriotic War. Russian people
I 48 j Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
fought for their motherland and happiness of future generations. I think
that Russian commander G. Zhukov who took part in the war of 1941 —
1945 is really a great figure in our history. Besides, my town is related to the
great past of Russia. It was the place of terrible battles during the war.
Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Igor
35.	Read the following tasks. Put the jumbled sentences in the correct
order (the main body of the letter). Analyze the logic inside the
paragraph.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Alice.
This summer we are going to a summer camp. It is in the mountains. I’m
looking forward to this journey.
... What about you ? Where are you going to spend summer ? Are you going
to visit any places of interest ? What transport are you going to use ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Volgograd
Russia
12th March, 2012
Dear Alice,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy that you’re going to spend your
holidays in a summer camp.
The main body	As for me, I prefer to go by plane. I want to visit the Kremlin and go to Arbat street. I’m going to visit my granny. In your letter you asked me about my plans for this summer. My parents have already booked the tickets. It’ll take us 4 hours to get to Moscow. She lives in Moscow that’s why I’ll go sightseeing there. Besides, I’d like to see the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky and to A. Pushkin.
Sorry, I have to do my homework. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Serge
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 49 |
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.-You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Victoria.
My aunt lives in a village. It is a very calm and rather boring place. However,
my parents like to stay there because they can admire picturesque view and
breathe in fresh and clean air. They think it’s the best rest.
What about you ? Do you like the countryside ? Have you ever stayed there ?
Would you like to live in the country? Why or why not?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Rostov
Russia
12/05/2012
Dear Victoria,
I’m happy to get your letter. It’s interesting to know your news.
The main body	Last time I went there in the autumn. How wonderful it was! My granny lives in a village far from Rostov. We often visit her. As for living in the country, I wouldn’t like to move there because there are no places of interest there. In your letter you want to know about my attitude towards the countryside. Besides, my granny has got a lovely garden with a lot of flowers and fruit trees. Of course, I like to stay there because we usually go to the forest and swim in the lake.
Write back soon!
With love,
Angelina
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend James.
Tomorrow will be a very exciting day. I’ll take part in the performance of
our school theatre. I’m rather nervous because it’s the first time I’ll be on
the stage.
What about you ? Do you like theatre ? What did you see last time in the the-
atre? Would you like to appear on the stage? Why or why not?
| 50 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tomsk
Russia
13th May, 2012
Dear James,
Thank you for your letter. I’m surprised that you’ll take part in your
school performance.
The main body	It was great! What's more, I’m excited about the actors because they create a new world on the stage. Though I like to go to the theatre and watch performances because they make us think about different problems and about our life. I was in the theatre last autumn. “Swan Lake” was on. As for me, I wouldn’t like to appear on the stage be- cause I don’t have a talent and I’m very shy. 1 was so impressed by the music and the actors.
Sorry, I have to go to the library and prepare a report. Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Misha
36. Read the following tasks and answers to the given questions. Say
which letter has the best structural order. Turn the short answers into
the main body of the letter.
Letter I. You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Caroline. Yesterday I won free tickets for a day at the Out- door Folk Festival. It will be great! I'm going to visit the festival with my friends! Have you ever been to any festivals ? (I) How did you spend time there? (2) Do you organize festi- vals in your school? (3) Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions. Write 100-120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	Yes, 1 have. It was the outdoor folk festival in Taman. 2.	We watched perfor- mances and folk danc- es. We ate typical food and played traditional sport games. 3.	Yes, we do. We take part in festivals of na- tional cultures of my region.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 51
	
Letter 2. You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Nick. My friend is fond ofparagliding'. It is a very risky sport and I’m worried about possible injuries. What do you think about extreme sports? (1) Do your friends go in for these kinds of sports? (2) Would you like to do any risky sport? Why or why not? (3) Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	Extreme sports are very dangerous and people can die or get injured. 2.	Yes, they do. 3.	No, I wouldn’t be- cause there are a lot of other exciting things you can practise with- out any risk.
Letter 3. You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Henry. My mother is worried about the food I eat. I like to go to McDonalds ’. The food is great there! But my mum says it’s realjunk food! Do you like junk food? (1) Do you think it can really damage our health ? (2)Have you ever been on a diet?(3) Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	No, I don’t. I don’t like junk food. 2.	Yes, I do. It is dan- gerous for our health. 3.	Yes, I have. It was a kind of treatment when I had a stomachache.
При написании письма важно представить текст в виде отдельных абзацев,
которые связаны между собой логикой изложения. Основная часть текста
может быть представлена как один абзац или разделена на несколько. Таким
образом, личное письмо может быть представлено в виде следующего плана:
1 Парапланеризм.
52 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
обращение -> вступление (1 абзац) -> основная часть (2 абзац ИЛИ 2 и 3 абза-
цы) —> заключение (3 ИЛИ 4 абзац) -> заключительная реплика -> имя на от-
дельной строке.
Не забудь, что письмо также должно обязательно содержать адрес и дату, это
также обязательные элементы.
37.	Number the parts of a personal letter.
Greeting Date Main body of the letter Reference to the previous contacts Address Reference to the future contacts The addresser’s name Final formula	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
38.	Match the paragraphs with the parts of the letter. Observe the
paragraph division.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Bess.
My teacher of Literature persuaded me to take part in the Poetry Competi-
tion. Yesterday I sent my poem there. It is about my school. I hope I’ll win!
Have you ever taken part in any competition or contest? IVhat did you do?
Did you enjoy it?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Samara, Russia 16th September, 2012 Dear Bess, I’m happy to receive your letter. I’m surprised that you’ve taken part in this competition! It’s real news for me that you write poems.	A.	The greeting B.	The reference to the future contacts
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 53
As for me, I’ve participated in different compe- titions. They were singer contests and intellectual competitions. I sang with our school band and we won the first prize. It was great! We were so happy! As for intellectual competitions, I didn’t enjoy them because of their bad organization. I’m sorry it’s time to help my sister with her homework. Write back soon! With love, Ann	C. The main body
	D. The reference to the previous contacts
	E. The ending
	F. The addresser’s name
39.	Read the following tasks and pupils' answers. Comment on para-
graph division. Does it meet the requirements of letter writing?
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Frank.
I can’t imagine my life without my mobile phone. I always call my friends
or we send messages to each other. Though my mum is displeased. She says
that it’s a real waste of time.
...Do you agree with my mum ? What do you prefer: to send messages or to
talk on the phone and why? Do you use the mobile Internet?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Krasnodar
Russia
12/12/2012
Dear Frank,
Thank you for your letter. It was interesting to read it and to know
your news. In your letter you ask me about mobile phones. As for me,
I can’t imagine my life without this device.
It has a lot of advantages, for example, I can always keep in touch with
my parents. At the same time, I agree that if a person uses a mobile phone
too often to speak to his friends, it can be a real waste of time.
I 54 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
As for me, I prefer to send messages because it’s much cheaper. I sel-
dom use the mobile Internet because it isn’t convenient for me. Take care
and stay in touch!
Best wishes,
Denis
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Dick.
Tomorrow I’ll take part in the contest “Leadership ”. A lot of pupils of our
town will take part in it. I’m nervous because / 'll have to address a large
audience.
...Have you ever spoken at a large meeting? When did it happen ? How did
you calm down ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Moscow
Russia
24/12/2012
Dear Dick,
Thanks for your letter.
How wonderful it is that you’ll take part in the contest! And I under-
stand how nervous you are!
As for me, I’ve been to the Literature conference. It was last summer. It
took place in our city museum.
There were a lot of people there and 1 had to present my report.
It was hard for me to calm down. 1 was stressed and I could hardly say
a word. Then 1 thought that I had a very strong will and it helped me.
Sorry, I have to revise some grammar rules to prepare for my English
test. Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Masha
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 55 |
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Margaret.
I’ve decided to become a teacher of History. I like this subject and I like
children. It’s my choice.
... What about you ? What do you think of a teacher’s profession ? What char-
acter traits are the most importantfor the teacher? Would you like to become
a teacher? Why or why not?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Samara
Russia
12/02/2012
Dear Margaret,
I was happy to receive your letter. It’s important that you’ve made your
choice. I think that it’s a very complicated job though.
As for me, I wouldn’t like to become a teacher because this work re-
quires a lot of energy and patience. Besides, it’s very difficult to work with
children. Teachers must love their pupils. 1 believe it’s the main factor to be
a successful teacher. As for character traits, I would add kindness and strict-
ness. What’s more, I’m sure that teachers should have good knowledge.
Sorry, I have to do my homework. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Helen
40.	Arrange the structure of the letter. Put the following paragraphs in
the correct order.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
We often argue with my friend about going to the cinema. She prefers to
watch films at home but I like to go to the cinema. Do you have the same
arguments with yourfriends? Which of these things do you prefer and why?
How often do you go to the cinema ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
| 56 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
1.	Dear Jane,
2.	13/04/2012
3.	It’s a pity that you have arguments with your friend. As for me, we
don’t argue about such things with my friends. They like cinema a lot and
we don’t have any difficulties related to films and the place where to watch
them. What’s more, we often go to the cinema and we never miss a chance
to watch a new blockbuster. As a rule, we watch films in the cinema twice or
three times a month. So I can say that we prefer cinema to videos.
4.	I’d better go now and help my mother. Keep in touch!
5.	With love,
6.	Samara
Russia
7.	Thanks so much for your letter. It was interesting to read about your
news.
8.	Igor
/-.'r:• ' ,	:	Vs^tiapsforwriting
Организация текста при подготовке личного письма включает использо-
вание средств связи (linking words). Текст письма будет представлен более
логично, если мы будем использовать различные связующие элементы, на-
чиная от союзов and, but, or и заканчивая вводными фразами и словами as
for me, however, although, by the way, etc.
Неофициальный стиль письма делает также возможным использование экс-
прессивных фраз для выражения мнения, удивления, радости ит. п.: well, of
course, I’m so pleased, I’m so glad, it’s a great pleasure for me..., to my mind, as I
think, etc.
41.	A. Read the following parts of letter. Underline words and phrases
showing similar and opposing ideas.
1.	I want to become a doctor. What’s more, the exams I’ve chosen are
related to my future career.
2.	We have wonderful relationships in my family and we like to spend
time together as well.
3.	We usually go to the cinema or to the park. We don’t have an oppor-
tunity to do it very often though.
4.	Tests make pupils very nervous. However, they don’t help them to
learn the subject.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 57
5.	She’s got short blond hair and brown eyes. What’s more, she’s very
kind and careful.
B. Some of these statements are wrong. Analyze the fragments
(part A), tick (✓) the correct statements and correct the ones with
mistakes.
1.	We use and to link ideas in one sentence.
2.	We use also and what’s more to link ideas in two sentences.
3.	We put also before the verb to be and after other verbs.
4.	We use but to contrast ideas in two sentences.
5.	We use however and though to contrast ideas in two sentences.
6.	We put however at the beginning of the sentence and though at the
end.
7.	We always put a comma (,) after what’s more and however.
42.	Join the ideas using the words and phrases in the brackets.
1.	We are fond of different kinds of books and we usually discuss char-
acters, events, problems of the books we have read (what’s more). 2. Soon
we’ll celebrate our aunt’s birthday and we’ve already begun to prepare
for it (also). 3. I must do my homework every day and I go to music school
(what’s more). 4. I’m fond of films and I often watch them in the cinema
(what’s more). 5. I have few friends and I can trust them (and also). 6. Our
school library is wonderful and I can find almost any book there (what’s
more). 7. My elder brother is very intelligent and reliable but he tends to be
bossy (however). 8. She is very kind and attractive but at the same time she is
strict (though). 9. My mother usually says that it’s time to choose my future
job, but it is a real problem for me! (however) 10. My computer is very im-
portant for me and it makes my life easier and more interesting (what’s
more). 11. My school has wonderful traditions and pupils keep them care-
fully (and also). 12. My parents share my interests and we often discuss
songs or music video (what’s more).
43.	Use the appropriate linking elements.
1.	In your letter you ask me about my friends and my parents’ attitude
towards them. I have got a lot of friends. Some of them are interested in
rock music. My parents don’t understand them. They never show their
negative attitude. My parents’ opinion is very important. They have got
58 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
more experience. If my parents don’t like my friends, I try to explain them
my point of view. We discuss this situation. Sometimes they are right!
2.	Books play a very important role in my life. I like reading. When
I have some spare time I usually read my favourite books. I don’t have
enough time. I’m busy with my school. I don’t spend a lot of time on read-
ing. I read a lot in summer when I’m on holiday. I like adventure novels best
of all. 1 read newspapers and magazines. My favourite book in my child-
hood was Cinderella.
3.	Earning pocket money is a real problem for Russian teenagers! We
want to have a part-time job. It’s difficult to find it. I help them at the flower
stall. It doesn’t give me a lot of money. It’s enough for my daily expenses.
This summer I’m going to visit my granny. She lives in the country. 1 plan
to work on the farm. I want to buy a new camera with the money I’ll earn.
44.	A. Read the following task. Write the letter.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
Yesterday we took part in the quiz show which was organized in our school. It
was so exciting! A lot ofpupils of our school took part in it but only 3 contes-
tants participated in the last round. Guess what? My best friend won.
...Have you ever taken part in such activities? Do you find it difficult?
What is yourfavourite quiz show on TV?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100-120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 59
B.	Analyze the letter you have written according to the 1st and the
2nd criteria of evaluation (K1, K2). Tick the statements. Correct
the letter if it doesn't satisfy the requirements.
1.	В письме даны полные ответы на три заданных вопроса. 2.	В письме правильно выбрано обращение, завершающая фраза и подпись. 3.	В письме есть благодарность за полученное письмо (упоминание о предыдущих контактах). 4.	В письме выражена надежда на будущие контакты. 5.	Текст письма логично выстроен. 6.	Текст письма разделен на абзацы в соответствии с нормами письменного этикета и логикой изложения.	□ □□ □ □□
7. В письме правильно использованы языковые средства для передачи логической связи.	□
60 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
8. Оформление текста письма соответствует нормам письменного
этикета.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation
(the 3rd and the 4th Criteria of Evaluation)
45.	A. Read the third criterion of evaluation (КЗ).
Лексико-грамматическое оформление текста	
3 балла	Использованы разнообразная лексика и грамматические струк- туры, соответствующие поставленной коммуникативной задаче (допускается не более 2-х языковых ошибок, не затрудняющих понимание)
2 балла	Имеются языковые ошибки, не затрудняющие понимание (до- пускается не более 4-х негрубых языковых ошибок) ИЛИ языко- вые ошибки отсутствуют, но используются лексические единицы и грамматические структуры только элементарного уровня
1 балл	Имеются языковые ошибки, не затрудняющие понимание (допу- скается не более 5 негрубых языковых ошибок) И/ИЛ И допуще- ны языковые ошибки, которые затрудняют понимание (не более 1—2 грубых ошибок)
0 баллов	Допущены многочисленные языковые ошибки, которые затруд- няют понимание текста
В.	Read the following letter, analyze it according to the 3rd crite-
rion of evaluation and tick the correct statements below.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Kate.
/ think that it is very important to have a hobby. As you know I ride a horse
and it’s a wonderful pastime. Tell me about your favourite activity. When did
you learn it? Did you find it easy or difficult? What is your dream related to
your hobby?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 61 |
Sochi
Russia
23rd May, 2012
Dear Kate,
Thanks a lot. I was happy to get your letter. 1 was surprised that you can
ride a horse.
In your letter you asked me about my favourite activity. I like to play
the guitar. Of course, it’s my hobby. I began to play this musical instru-
ment when I was nine. And now I play very difficult musical compositions.
What’s more, I’ve taken part in several contests. I’m sure that it’s rather
difficult to play the guitar because you must practise a lot to be successful.
As for my dream, I’d like to become a famous guitarist.
I’m sorry I must go to musical school. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Serge
1.	В письме использована разнообразная лексика,
соответствующая поставленной коммуникативной задаче
2.	В письме использованы разнообразные грамматические структуры,
соответствующие поставленной коммуникативной задаче
3.	В письме имеются не более 2-х языковых ошибок, не затрудняющих
понимание
4.	В письме имеются языковые ошибки, не затрудняющие понимание
(допускается не более 4-х негрубых языковых ошибок)
5.	В письме языковые ошибки отсутствуют, но используются
лексические единицы и грамматические структуры только
элементарного уровня
6.	В письме имеются языковые ошибки, не затрудняющие
понимание (допускается не более 5 негрубых языковых ошибок)
7.	В письме допущены языковые ошибки, которые затрудняют
понимание (не более 1—2 грубых ошибок)
8.	В письме допущены многочисленные языковые ошибки, которые
затрудняют понимание текста.
62 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students

При написании личного письма важно использовать разнообразную лекси- ку, синонимы и антонимы. Необходимо избегать повторения одинаковых слов и фраз.
46.	Determine the topic and write down 10 words or phrases related to
the topic which you can use in the letter.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Steve.
Guess what? I’ve Joined our school football club. We train every day and I
don’t have enough time for my homework.
... What about you? Are you interested in sports? Do you take part in your
school competitions? How do you manage to have enough time for your study
and training?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
We’ve moved in our new flat. It’s very spacious and I don’t have to share my
room with my sister.... What is your house like ? What is yourfavourite room ?
How do you like to spend time in your room ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 63
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jim.
All my friends prefer to wear jeans and T-shirts. They don’t like to wear
suits, shirts or ties. As for me, 1 like formal style but I’m afraid my friends
won’t understand me.
... What about you ? What kind of clothes do yourfriends and you prefer? Are
you satisfied with your style? What clothes would you like to buy?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 4.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sam.
My parents and 1 often argue about pocket money. It is not enough for me
but they don’t think so. They say that if I need more money, I should find a
part-time job.
... What about you ? What do you argue with your parents about? How do you
solve the problem of pocket money ? Have you ever worked?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
64 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Letter 5.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Emma.
Unfortunately, I’m rather shy and it is always difficult for me to make
friends. I have few friends. What about you? Have you got many friends ? Do
you prefer to have many friends ? How do you usually spend time together?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 6.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jack.
My best friend is fond of collecting stamps. He is interested in this hobby and
can talk about it for hours. However, I find it very boring.
What do you think about it? What hobbies do you find interesting? What is
your favourite hobby?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 7.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
My new hobby is cooking. It is so wonderful! My mother says that it
is very important for my future life. I’ve learnt to cook different dishes,
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 65
for example, salads and soups. Do you think it’s important to learn to cook
and why ? Who cooks in your house ? Can you cook yourfavourite dish ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
47.	Read the following letters. Use a variety of alternative words and
expressions to avoid repetition.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Dan.
My parents are sure that I watch TV too often. They say that I’m a telly ad-
dict. Of course, I like a lot ofprogrammes and sometimes I like to study with
the TV on. But I don’t think that it’s harmful.
What is your opinion ? Which TV programmes do you like? What did you
watch yesterday evening?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Anapa
Russia
12th June, 2012
Dear Dan,
1 was glad to get your letter. It’s a pity that your parents think that
you’re a telly addict.
In your letter you ask me if television is harmful. In my opinion, televi-
sion is really harmful when a teenager watches television a lot of time. It is
harmful for our eyesight and for our body because you don’t go in for sports
and only watch TV. As for my favourite programme, 1 like to watch the pro-
gramme “Eralash”. This programme is very funny and I laugh a lot. Yester-
day evening I watched my favourite film “Nannies”.
66 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Angelina
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Pamela.
My parents are very busy. They work a lot and come home very late that’s
why I have to do a lot of housework to help them. For example, yesterday I
washed up and did the ironing. Tomorrow I’m cleaning the rooms and water-
ing the flowers.
...Do you have any household duties? What is your attitude towards them ?
How often do you help your parents about the house ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Omsk
Russia
1st August, 2012
Dear Pamela,
It was so nice to get your letter. I see that you’re very busy at home
but it’s wonderful that you help your parents.
As for me, I’ve got a lot of household duties, too. I think that it’s very im-
portant to do household duties. My parents work a lot and they’re very tired
every day. That’s why when I do household duties I can help them about the
house. I often help them. 1 do household duties three times a week.
Sorry, I must finish my homework. Keep in touch!
With love,
Sonya
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Nick.
All members of my family are fond of pets. We have got a dog and a parrot.
We take care of them and teach them.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 67
... Why do people keep pets? Have you got any pets at home? Do you have
any difficulties related to them ? If you don’t have a pet, would you like to
have one? Why?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Armavir
Russia
23rd September, 2012
Dear Nick,
It was so nice to get your letter. I’m glad that you keeppets\
I think that it’s very interesting to keep pets. They’re funny and clever.
What’s more, you can play funny games. Besides, some people are fond of
animals. They like to keep animals. Though it’s rather difficult to keep them.
As for me, I look after a dog. It’s called Rex. It’s funny. What’s more, last
year my dog took part in the exhibition and won. Of course, it’s difficult
for me to keep my dog. I must feed my dog and take my dog out for a walk.
Write back soon!
With love,
Mark
48.	Read the following letters. Choose the correct word. Don't forget
to use the appropriate vocabulary.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
Yesterday we went for a walk and I caught a cold. Now I’m staying in bed
and taking medicine to recover.
Do you like to be ill and why? What do you do when you fall ill? Who looks
after you when you ’re ill?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
| 68 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Voronezh
Russia
12th May, 2012
Dear Jane,
I’m happy to (1) receive/take your letter.
It’s a pity that you’re ill and are (2) keeping/staying in bed and (3) get-
ting/taking medicine. Get better soon! As for me, 1 don’t like to be ill be-
cause it’s so (4) boring/dull and you (5) feel / sufferbad. Besides, you must
(6) stay /sit at home and you can’t (7) meet/make your friends. When 1 (8)
fall/catch ill, 1 usually take medicine and drink hot tea or milk. My mum is
usually (9) worried/tired about me when 1(10) fall/catch a cold and it is
my mother who looks after me at such moments.
Write back soon!
With love,
Ivan
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Susan.
It was a wonderful day yesterday! My cousin came! We had not seen each
otherfor ages! When we met her at the airport, I could hardly recognize her.
... What does your cousin look like? What is she (he) like? Where did you
meet last time?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Moscow
Russia
12lh December, 2012
Dear Susan,
Thank you for your letter. It’s (1) wonderful/nice news that your cous-
in (2) came/visited'.
In your letter you asked me about my cousin. My cousin Helen lives in
St. Petersburg. She’s 20 years old. She studies at a University and she wants
to (3) become/get a lawyer. She’s so (4) pretty / handsome with her blue eyes
and long blond hair. She’s slim and rather (5) tall/ high. She’s very kind and
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 69
careful. What’s more, she’s very determined and (6) responsible/ account-
able that’s why she’s very successful with her studies. We (7) met/came to
see last summer when I (8) visited/ travelled St. Petersburg.
It’s time to go to the gym. Write back, soon!
Best wishes,
Misha
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Andrew.
My best friend is fond of collecting stamps. He’s interested in his hobby a lot
and can talk about it for hours. However, I find it very boring.
... What do you think about collecting different things? What hobbies do you
find interesting? What is your favourite hobby?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Ekaterinburg
Russia
23rd September, 2012
Dear Andrew,
Thank you for your letter. It was so interesting to (1) know/ see your (2)
news/ information.
In your letter you asked me about my (3) attitude/ thoughts to hob-
bies. I think that it’s important for everybody to have a (4) hobby/ activ-
ity. Different people have different hobbies. As for (5) collecting/gather
stamps, 1 don’t think that it’s (6) boring/ monotonous because you can (7)
learn/ take a lot of interesting facts when you collect them. What’s more,
it’s so exciting to (8) look for/look after them. However, (9) active / energetic
hobbies are more interesting than collecting different things. For example,
my favourite hobby is diving and I (10) practice/ train it when I go to the
seaside.
Write back soon!
With love,
Sasha
70 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
49.	Read the following letters. Choose the correct answer. Mind the
grammar.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Henry.
Yesterday we had a very interesting round table discussion. We talked about
future life. My friends think that the life will change a lot, for example, cars
will fly and robots will teach pupils. Do you agree with these predictions ?
What will the most important invention in the future be? Would you like to
live in the future and why?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Tomsk
Russia
12th August, 2012
Dear Henry,
I’m so happy to get your letter. What an interesting topic for the round
table discussion you (1) chose/ have chosen yesterday!
Of course, I (2) will agree/ agree with these predictions and I’m
sure that our life (3) will change/ is changing a lot in the future. 1 (4) be-
lieve/ have believed that people (5) are not using/ won’t use cars because
they (6) pollute/are polluted the nature. I think that scientists (7) will be in-
venting/ will invent special medicine and people (8) won’tfall/ don'tfall ill.
As for me, I would like (9) to live/ living in the future. I would like (10)
seeing/ to see all the changes with my own eyes.
Sorry, I have to go to my dance classes. I’m looking forward to your
reply.
Best wishes,
Kate
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Susan.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 71
Yesterday my friend had a birthday party. It was so wonderful! There were a
lot of guests and we danced, sang and laughed a lot.
When did you last go to the party? Did you have fun there? Were there any
special dishes?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
12th May, 2012
Dear Susan,
Thank you for the letter. I was happy to get it! It’s wonderful that
you (1) went/ was going to the party!
In your letter you asked me about the party I (2) visited/ have visit-
ed last time. I (3) did went/went to the party last month. It (4) was/were
my cousin’s birthday party. It (5) has taken / took place in the cafd. There
(6) was/were a lot of people there. Of course, we (7) had/ have got a lot
of fun there. Firstly, we (8) played/ had played bowling. Then we (9)
were dancing/ danced and (10) were singing/sang karaoke. The food (11)
was/ were delicious. I liked Austrian salad best of all. As for special dishes,
I think it (12) was / were a birthday cake with lit candles on it.
Write back soon!
With love,
Valera
Letter3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Nick.
I hate shopping. It’s really difficult for me! But my mum usually asks me to
doit. Of course, I help her and buy food. But as for buying clothes, it's a real
disaster for me!
What types of things do you like or hate shopping for? Where do you usually
buy clothes for yourself? What did you buy for yourself last time ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
72 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Pyatigorsk
Russia
18th March, 2012
Dear Nick,
Thank you for your letter. It was so great to learn about your news.
In your letter you ask me about my attitude towards shopping. 1(1)
shall try/ was tryingto answer your questions. I (2) don’t mind/ didn’t mind
doing the shopping. As for me, I like buying clothes but 1 (3) hate/ will hate
to do the shopping for food. There (4) is/ are a lot of shops where you can
find trendy clothes. My favourite shop is The Gallery in the centre of my
town. My last purchase (5) were / was a jacket. It’s a nice black jacket with
grey pockets and a zip.
I’d better go now. Take care!
Best wishes,
Sasha
При написании личного письма необходимо обращать внимание на грамма-
тическое оформление речи. Наиболее частыми ошибками являются наруше-
ние порядка слов, неправильное согласования подлежащего и сказуемого,
неправильное употребление грамматических времен.
50.	Put the words in order to make sentences.
1.	is of future for It us to important for all our prepare career.
2.	went time the we to Last mountains.
3.	is have day you terrible so It tests that every!
4.	once a We usually test have month.
5.	1 a participate concerts dance dancer can the very as well and I in.
6.	granny doesn’t a to My is want and she doctor retire.
7.	July are parents visit and In going to my I Saint Petersburg.
8.	is room sofa a There and a my TV wardrobe desk a armchair an in a.
9.	different can on see the You photos walls.
10.	like time listen I spare watch to in music to or TV my.
11.	I with my bought and I a Yesterday shopping blouse mum went
wonderful.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 73
12.	are books kinds We of different of fond.
13.	work them My a lot so 1 to about parents help the have house.
14.	can’t without I my life imagine sports.
15.	our Wednesday swimming in gym go times to a the pool I volleyball
on three and week play school and Saturday.
51.	Read the sentences. Correct the mistakes using the right form of
each verb.
1.	They is related to my future career.
2.	I couldn’t answer at once because I were ill.
3.	Written exams is better than oral ones.
4.	It is terrible that he have tests every day!
5.	It make them very nervous.
6.	I usually take part in different performances which is organized in
our school.
7.	She don’t look like her grandmother.
8.	She have got short blond hair and brown eyes.
9.	My Granny isn't interested in gardening but she like collecting deco-
rative plates.
10.	We is going to organize a dancing party on Saturday.
52.	Ten of the sentences contain a word or a phrase in the wrong place.
Correct them.
1.	Usually we go to the cinemas or to the parks.
2.	My dream is there to go sightseeing.
3.	I can very well dance.
4.	My parents and I often argue about pocket money.
5.	As fora part-time job, yet I haven’t decided.
6.	He is interested in this hobby a lot.
7.	He has been playing for 5 years football.
8.	I’ll maybe work in August.
9.	It is always difficult for me to make new friends.
10.	Every Friday we organize a literature meeting and discuss different
books.
11.	I clean every week my room and I try to make it more comfortable.
12.	I play usually computer games or surf the Net.
74 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
13.	There’s in it a sofa, two armchairs and a TV set.
14.	You can see on the walls different posters of my favorite singers.
53.	Read the following letters. Find the unnecessary word for each line.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Michael.
I spend a lot of time with my friend. We like to go to the cinema or to the
park. We have a lot of common interests.
What about you ? How do you spend time with your friend? Have you got the
same interests and hobbies ? Where did you go last time?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Novgorod
Russia
24th October, the 2012
My dear Michael,
Thank to you for your letter. I’m so happy to
receive to your letter. It’s a great pleasure to have
a true the friend!
As for me, my best friend is Helen. We are study in
the same class and spend a lot of time with together.
We are often go to the cinema or to the park. What’s
more, we just like to stay at the home and have tea.
Of the course, we have a lot of topics to talk about
and too we’re interested in cycle racing. Yesterday
we spent the whole day together. We did went to the
park and in the evening we were watched a play in the
theatre also.
Keep in the touch!
With love,
Tanya
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 75
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Ben.
Yesterday I saw a new album of my favourite band in the shop. 1 couldn’t
believe my eyes! And today I’ve bought itU’ve already listened to it 3 times.
What about you ? What is your favourite band or singer? How often do you
listen to them? When and where did you buy their album last time?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
WritelOO—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Voronezh
Russia
23/12/2012
Dear friend Ben,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to get on
your letter. It’s fantastic you’ve been bought the CD.
In your letter you asked to me about my
preference in modem music. Of course is, I’ve got my
favourite singer. She’s the Britney Spears. I’m so
excited about her very songs! I can’t live a day
without them. For example, 1 can listen to the my
favourite song is “Every time” the whole day and
I’m not be tired of it! I keep up with her new
albums and always am buy a new one. When I was
in the Moscow, I bought her last album in the local
shop either.
I’d better to go now. Keep in touch.
With love,
Alex
I 76 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
54.	A. Read the following tasks and letters, complete them with the
verbs from the list.
Letter I.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sara.
I’m not interested in the theatre very much and I seldom go there. Yesterday
my mum persuaded me and we went to a Drama Theatre. I was so excited!
... What about you ? Are you fond of theatre performances ? How often do you
go to the theatre? What play did you watch last time?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Moscow Russia 24!h December, 2012 Dear Sara, Thank you for your letter. I’m very happy to learn about your news. It’s wonderful that you (1)... the perfor- mance in the theatre. You (2) ... me about my attitude towards the theatre. As for me, 1 like musicals best of all. That's why I usually (3) ... to the theatre to watch this kind of performance. Musicals (4) ... very bright. What’s more, the music is modern and actors (5) ... and sing. Unfortunately, 1 sel- dom go to the theatre because it’s expensive. Last Janu- ary I (6) ... “Cats”. The musical (7) ... me greatly, espe- cially the scenery and dances. I’d better go now. Write back soon! With love, Elina	go ask dance be watch impress like
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 77
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Liz.
My favourite school subject is Literature. Now we ’re working on the project.
We make presentations about outstanding writers of different countries. I’ve
chosen Russian literature.
...Are you fond of reading? What kinds of books do you prefer? What writer
would you recommend me to choose for my project?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Samara Russia 30,h May, 2012 Dear Liz, Thank you for your letter. I’m so happy to get your letter. It’s so wonderful you ... (1) interested in Russian literature. Of course, I’m pleased to help you with your project. As for reading, I ... (2) it very much. Unfortunately, I ... (3) enough time because of my study. I have to read my text-books instead of my favourite writers. I’m keen on adventure novels because I ... (4) brave and strong people. I ... (5) you A. S. Pushkin because he is the most popular Russian poet and his poems are fantastic! It’s time for me to go to the music school. Take care! All the best, Zhenya	like admire recommend (not) have be
55. A. Read the fourth criterion of evaluation (K4).
Орфография и пунктуация	
2 балла	Орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки практически от- сутствуют (допускается не более 2-х, не затрудняющих понима- ние текста)
[ 78 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Орфография и пунктуация	
1 балл	Допущенные орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки не за- трудняют понимание (допускается не более 3—4 ошибок)
0 баллов	Допущены многочисленные орфографические и пунктуацион- ные ошибки и/или допущены ошибки, которые затрудняют по- нимание текста
B. Read the following letter and analyze it according to the 4th cri-
terion of the evaluation. Tick the correct statements below.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Samantha.
Now I’m looking for the present for my best friend. She is fond of music and
she draws wonderfully. What do you like more to give presents or to receive
them ? Is the choice of a present a difficult task for you ? What present did you
give to your friend last time ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
12th September, 2012
Dear Samantha,
I’m happy to get your letter. Thank you very much.
In your letter you ask me about presents. As for me, I like to give pres-
ents. It’s so wonderful to choose the present for your nearest and dearest
and to think about the person whom you are going to give your present.
Sometimes the choice of a present is a difficult task for me. Besides, it de-
pends on the person whom you want to give your present. By the way, my
friend’s birthday was last month and I bought him a new CD of his favourite
singer. How happy he was!
Sorry, I’d better go now. Keep in touch!
With love,
Boris
1.	В письме практически отсутствуют орфографические ошибки	О
(не более 2-х ошибок)
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 79
2.	В письме практически отсутствуют пунктуационные ошибки
(не более 2-х ошибок)
3.	Допущенные в письме орфографические ошибки не затрудняют
понимание (не более 3—4-х ошибок)
4.	Допущенные в письме пунктуационные ошибки не затрудняют
понимание (не более 3—4-х ошибок)
5.	В письме допущены многочисленные орфографические
и пунктуационные ошибки
6.	В письме допущены ошибки, которые затрудняют понимание текста
□
□
□
□
□
Особые трудности при подготовке письменных работ на английском языке
связаны с постановкой запятой. Обрати внимание на некоторые особенно-
сти употребления данного знака препинания. Важно помнить, что при на-
писании текстов на английском языке нельзя руководствоваться правилами
пунктуации русского языка! В английском языке
1.	Запятая ставится после обстоятельственного придаточного предложения,
если оно стоит в начале предложения перед главным.
2.	Запятая не ставится, если придаточное предложение следует за главным.
3.	Запятая ставится после вводных слов или выражений для отделения их
от остальной части предложения.
4.	Запятая ставится после слова also, стоящего в начале предложения для
усиления.
5.	Запятая ставится для отделения любой части предложения, содержащей
дополнительную информацию.
6.	Запятая не ставится, если часть предложения имеет характер пояснения
или уточнения.
7.	Запятая ставится при перечислении однородных определений.
8.	Запятая ставится в разделительных вопросах для отделения вопроситель-
ной части.
9.	Запятая ставится перед словами too и either в значении «тоже»/«также».
56. Punctuate the following letters using appropriate punctuation
marks (.!?,) and capital letters.
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
80 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Гт sure that clothes play an important role in our life. I like shopping for
clothes. What’s more, when I buy a new trendy dress or a skirt, I’m so happy!
What about you? Is it important for you to wear trendy clothes? How often
do you go shopping? Do you think you spend too much money on clothes?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
moscow
russia
12lh april 2012
dearjane,
thank you for your letter i’m so happy to get your letter it was very in-
teresting for me to learn about your news
in your letter you ask me about trendy clothes and their role in my life
as for me i don’t pay attention to the fashion i think that the most important
feature of clothes is comfort i seldom go shopping for clothes as a rule my
mother buys jeans and T-shirts for me of course i don’t spend much money
on clothes
sorry I have to do my homework now keep in touch
best wishes
denis
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Betsy.
My mum says that good food and regular meals are important for my health.
She usually makes me eat the main meal of the day. But 1 don’t like it. 1 pre-
fer to have a snack when I’m hungry. What about you ? What does your main
meal consist of? When do you have it?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Volgograd
russia
23rd may 2012
dear betsy,
i was happy to hear from you it was interesting for me to learn about
your news
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 81
in your letter you want to know about a typical meal in Russia the main
meal in Russia is dinner and people have it at about 2 o’clock as for me i
have dinner when i come home after school we usually have soup a meat or
fish dish and some fruit for dinner as you can see it’s a rather heavy meal i
don’t like to have a snack when i’m hungry besides i understand that it’s
harmful for my health
sorry i must help my mother now write back soon
all the best
olesya
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jim.
I think that teenagers are rather independent though they need advice. I al-
ways ask for my mum for advice because she is wise and she always helps me.
I seldom take into consideration my friends’ advice. ...Who do you talk to
when you need advice ? Do you always follow the advice given to you ? Have
you ever given any advice?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
kostroma
russia
4th October 2012
dearjim
i’m happy to get your letter sorry i couldn’t answer at once because i
was busy with my tests
in your letter you ask me about my attitude towards advice i think it’s
important to take into consideration other people’s advice when i need ad-
vice i always speak to my mum i usually explain the situation as a rule she
listens to me carefully and tries to help me besides i usually analyze the
situation think about advantages and disadvantages and then make my own
decision what’s more sometimes i follow advice but sometimes I don’t of
course, i’ve given advice to my friends several times it helped them.
take care
with love
rita
| 82 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
57. Read the following letters. Correct the mistakes.
Sp — spelling mistakes, P — punctuation mistakes
Letter 7.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Helen.
My summer holidays will start soon. It will be the best time. I’ve got a lot of
plans. ... What about you ? Are you looking forward to your holidays ? Why
or why not? Where are you going to travel? Are you going to do anything
special?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Omsk
Russia
22nd May, 2012
Dear Helen,
Thanks for your leter(sp). I’m happy,(p) that you’ll have holidays soon!
It’s really the best time for all schoolchildren!
As for me(p) I’m rather tirred(sp) of my studyies(sp) and my homework.
That’s why I wamt(sp) my holidays to start soon! What’s more (p) I have
got a lot of plans for this time. I’m going to visit my granny. Besides(p) my
parents and I want to go to the seaside. We haven’t dicided(sp) yet. My mum
wold(sp) like to go to Turkey, but my father prefers Sochi. 1 think,(p) holidays
are the best time to learn somethink(sp) new. I want to joine (sp) our aircraft
modelling club.
Write back soon!
With love.<p)
Misha
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Julia.
We’re planning to visit Russia soon. What’s the best way for tourists to get
around your country? What Russian cities are worth visiting? What is the
main tourist attraction in Russia according to your opinion ?
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation | 83
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tomsk
Russia
14/10/2012
Dear Julia,
I’m happy to get your letter! It’s really exsiting(sp) news that you’re go-
ing to visit Russia!
Russia is a wondeful (sp) country with a rich culture and great his-
tory. The best way to get arround (sp) Russia is travelling by train. If you
choorse(sp) this mean of transport(p) you can see a lot of towns. I think you
should visit ancient Russian cityies(sp), for example(p) Suzdal or Novgorod.
They’re related to Russian history and you can see a lot of places of interest
there. However, I’m sure that the main tourist attraction in Russia is the
Kremlin and its chirches(sp), museums and other sigts(sp).
Sorry, I must help my father. Looking forward to seeing you in Russia!
With love,
Seige
Letter 3.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Jane.
I’m happy that you’ve just had a holiday. It’s wonderful news! What was the
accommodation like? What was the best thing about the holiday? Would you
have the same holiday again ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
4	Pyatigorsk
Russia
12th May, 2012
Dear Jane,
I’m glad to get your letter. My holiday was fantastic! Of course(p) I want
to tell you about it.
As you know, we went to Sochi with my classmates. It was a five-day
trip. We went buy(sp) traine (sp) there. It took us a night to get to Sochi. We
| 84 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
staied(sp) at a hotel. I lived with my friend in a dauble(sp) room. We enjoyed
the pictureskue(sp) sea from the window. I was impressed by our visit to
Krasnaya Poliana. The Olympic Games will take place there. Of course(p) I
would like to go to Sochi once more because I liked the holiday very much!
I have to go now and do my homework. Write back soon!
With love<pl
Ann
Writing Practice
Letter 1.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sam.
My mother usually says that it’s time for me to choose my future job, but it is
a real problem for me!
...Is it difficult for you to choose your future career? Have you decided on it
yet? Who helps you to make this decision?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Emma.
My favorite subject is Literature. It is because of our teacher. Her lessons are
fantastic. She is very kind and attractive but at the same time she is strict.
What about you ? Who is yourfavorite teacher and why ? What does she look
like ?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 3
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Ben.
Writing Practice | 85 |
My elder brother is graduating from the university this year. He is very intel-
ligent and reliable but he tends to be bossy. Sometimes we argue.
What about you ? What does your brother or sister look like? What is he or
she like ? Do you sometimes argue and why ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 4.
You have 30 minutes'to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Ann.
Unfortunately, I’m rather shy and making friends is always difficult for me.
I have few friends. They are loyal and I can trust them.
What about you ? Do you prefer to have many friends ? Is it difficult for you
to make friends? What is your best friend like?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 5.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sam.
Our school uniform is a real disaster! It isn ’t comfortable! However, we must
wear it because of our school rules!
... What about you ? What is your uniform like ? Is it comfortable ? What kind
of uniform would be ideal for schoolchildren ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 6.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Steve.
Reading is my favourite activity. Our school library is wonderful and I can
find almost any book there. What about you? Is there a library in your
school? What books do you borrow from it? Does the librarian give you any
advice?
86 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 7.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sam.
Tomorrow we are going to the cinema. I’ve wanted to watch “The Triangle ”
for a long time. Almost all my friends have already watched it. They agree
that it’s one of the best fdms they have ever seen.
... What about you ? Have you seen it yet ? What did you see last time ? Why
do you think people like cinema ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 8.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Caroline.
I’m preparing for the exams now and it’s a very difficult time for me. What
about you? What is the most effective way for you to prepare for the exams?
How do you usually feel before you take an exam ? What was the most dif-
ficult exam for you and why?
Write her a letter and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 9.
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Henry.
We ’re preparing the conference about schools in different countries. Could
you help me and tell me about schools in Russia ?
How many pupils are there in each class? Is the discipline strict? What spe-
cial rules has your school got ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Expert Practice | 87 |
Letter 10
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sam.
I can’t live without my friend. We’ve known each other for more than
10 years and we understand each other very well. ... Where did you meet
yourfriend? What do you have in common ? What is yourfriend like?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Rememberthe rules of letter writing.
Expert Practice
Analyze the following personal letters according to the criteria of evalu-
ation. Complete the table. Discuss strong and weak points of the letters.
	СХЕМА ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1.	Решение коммуникативной задачи (3 балла)										
	Даны полные ответы на три задан- ных вопроса.										
	Правильно выбрано обращение, за- вершающая фраза и подпись.										
	Есть благодарность, упоминание о предыдущих контактах, выражена надежда на будущие контакты										
2.	Организация текста (2 балла)										
	Текст логично выстроен и разделен на абзацы.										
	Правильно использованы языковые средства для передачи логической связи.										
	Оформление текста соответствует нормам.										
| 88 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
	СХЕМА ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
3.	Лексико-грамматическое оформле- ние текста (3 балла)										
	Использованы грамматические структуры, соответствующие по- ставленной коммуникативной за- даче										
	Использованы разнообразная лек- сика, соответствующая поставлен- ной коммуникативной задаче										
4.	Орфография и пунктуация (2 балла)										
	Орфографические и пунктуацион- ные ошибки практически отсут- ствуют										
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your
English-speaking pen friend Sam.
...A lot of people are worried that teenagers watch TV a lot of time. So are
my parents. 1 couldn’t imagine my life without TV. I in interested in different
programmes. Television is sometimes the cause of arguments with my parents.
Do Russian teenagers watch TV too much ? Could you live without TVfor a
month ? bVhat is yourfavourite programme ?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 1.
Vladimir
Russia
12th April 2012
Dear Sam,
I was so happy to receive your letter. Thank you very much. Sorry,
I didn’t answer at once because I was very busy with my tests.
You ask me about TV. My favourite programme is Top Gear. However,
I seldom watch it because this programme is on very late. 1 don’t like to
watch TV. I think a lot of Russian teenagers like to watch it and spend a lot
of time on it. I think they should go for a walk.
Expert Practice | 89
1 am sorry I must go and help my mother. Keep in touch.
Best wishes,
Paul
Letter 2.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
12/02/2012
Dear Sam,
It was nice to get a letter from you. I’m sorry I couldn’t answer at once
because of my contest.
In your letter you asked me about my attitude towards TV. As for
me, I think that our modem society cannot be imagined without TV be-
cause it’s the main source of learning and entertainment. We can watch a
lot of programmes. My favourite programme is “Who Wants to Become a
Millionaire?” I’m fond of quiz shows. Unfortunately, I seldom watch TV
because I’m very busy preparing for my exams. However, a lot of Russian
teenagers watch it too much.
Write back soon.
Take care,
Ksenia
Letter 3.
Vologda
Russia
2nd June, 2012
Dear Sam,
I was happy to get your letter.
You are interested in the role of television in the teens’ life in Russia. I
think that our young people don’t watch TV so much because they have got
a lot of things to do. They study, go in for sports, play musical instruments,
draw, etc. That’s why they don’t have time to watch TV. Though, Russian
teenagers have their favourite programme. As for me, I like to watch “Gali-
leo”. It is about scientific inventions and electronic devices. Of course, I
couldn’t live without TV for a month because I couldn’t know any news
and my life would be boring.
Write back soon!
I 90 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
With love,
Serge
Letter 4.
Saratov
Russia
10th May, 2012
Dear Sam,
Thank you for your letter. I was glad to receive your letter. I’m sorry that
your parents are worried that you watch TV a lot!
In your letter you ask me if Russian teenagers watch TV a lot of time.
I think that they seldom watch TV because they prefer computers to televi-
sion. I’m sure that computers are the main entertainment for Russian teen-
agers. Of course, I could live without television for a month if I had a com-
puter. As for my favourite TV programme, unfortunately I don’t have it.
Sometimes I watch news programmes but I’m not keen on them.
I have to learn grammar rule for the test. Keep in touch.
Best wishes,
Artyom
Letter 5.
Novosibirsk
Russia
20th May, 2012
Dear Sam,
Thank you for your letter. It was interesting to know about your news.
In your letter you want to learn about television in our life. I think
that Russian teenagers watch too much television nowadays. There are a
lot of interesting programmes and your people are interested in them. As
for me, I often watch TV too. I’ve got several favourite programmes, for
example, intellectual quiz shows and humour programmes. I’m sure that
anyone can’t live without television nowadays. Neither can I. Television is
one of the most important source of information. We cannot live without
news, educational and entertaining programmes.
Sorry, it’s time to go to my artist school. Write back soon.
'Expert Practice | 91 |
With love,
Karina
Letter 6.
Perm
Russia
12/10/2012
Dear Sam,
I’m glad to get your letter. It’s a pity that you have arguments with your
parents about television! In your last letter you asked me about TV. Rus-
sian teenagers are fond of television too much. Sometimes they watch pro-
grammes they aren’t interested in. They really waste their time. As for me,
sometimes I spend a lot of time on TV. I could do something useful instead
of it. Of course, I couldn’t live without TV because I’m used to it. You
want to know about my favourite programme. It’s “Smart people”, the pro-
gramme about outstanding personalities of our society. Sorry I’d better go
now. Take care! Write back soon!
With love,
Ilya
Letter 7.
12th September 2012
Dear friend,
I’m very glad to get your letter. There is a lot of interesting news in your
letter.
Television is very important in Russia. People of different ages are
fond of different programmes. As for teenagers, they watch a lot of pro-
grammes. I don’t think they watch too much TV because they don’t have
time. What’s more, there are teenagers who aren’t interested in TV at all.
For example, I don’t watch TV. I like reading more than watching televi-
sion. That’s why I could live without TV either for a month or for a year.
Unfortunately, I don’t have my favourite programme.
It’s time to revise my Maths. Write back soon!
With love,
Helen
92 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
Letter 8.
Samara
Russia
24th August 2012
Dear Sam,
Thank you for your letter. 1 was so happy to get it! Sorry I haven’t writ-
ten you for so long because I’ve been busy at school. In your letter you
asked me about Russian teenagers’ addiction to television. Young people
don’t watch too much TV because they prefer the Internet. It is more inter-
esting forthem. As for me, I use the Internet too and I don’t like to watch
programmes. That’s why I can easily live without TV. But if I turn the tele-
vision on, 1 usually choose news or serials.
Anyway, I must go and get on with my work. I’m looking forward to
your next letter.
Best wishes,
Anna
Letter 9.
Moscow
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear Sam,
I’m very happy to get your letter. I’ve got the same problem. My parents
are also worried that I watch television a lot.
In your letter you ask me about Russian teenagers’ attitude towards
the TV. I think that young people in my country watch television a lot and
they cannot live without their favourite programmes and serials. Of course,
I can’t live without them either because 1 don’t know what happens in the
world. Besides, I don’t learn interesting facts about sport. My favourite pro-
grammes are different sport events, for example, football matches and dif-
ferent competitions.
Sorry, I must help my mum now. Take care!
All the best,
Serge
Essential Letter Writing Features | 93 |
Letter 10.
Moscow
Russia
16th October, 2012
Dear Sam,
Thank you for your letter. I am happy to learn about your life.
You want to know about Russian teenagers and my favourite pro-
gramme. Russia teenagers watch TV. They watch TV very much. I could
not live without TV for a month because I learn very interesting things
when I watch TV. My favourite programmes are about cars because I like
cars and I want to learn about them. Yesterday I watched the programme
about old cars. It is very difficult to repair them. I would like to have a car.
I am sorry 1 must help my father.
Good-bye my friend!
STATE EXAM PREPARATION COURSE
FOR THE 11™-YEAR STUDENTS
Essential Letter Writing Features
1.	Read the letter-stimuli. Compare the task for the 9th-year students
with the task for the 11th-year students.
The task for the 9,h-year students	The task for the 1 P-year students
You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Ben. ...I’m very busy preparing for my school exams in Literature and History. To pass them successfully, I have to remember a lot. ... What subjects have you chosen for your exams and why?.. What type of exam do you prefer — oral or written? ...How do you prepare for exams ?... Write him a letter and answer his 3 ques- tions.	You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tom who writes: Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there? This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents. Write a letter to Tom.
94 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
The task for the 9th-year students	The task for the 1 lth-year students
Write 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing1.	In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about his summer plans. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing1 2.
2.	Analyze the letter-stimulus for the 11th-year students and answer
the questions.
1.	Who is the writer of the letter you’ve received?
2.	What questions should you answer? Underline them.
3.	What will your questions be about?
4.	How many questions are you going to ask?
5.	How many words are you going to write according to the task?
6.	What rules of letter writing should you follow?
Attention!
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания Cl
При выполнение задания С1 «Личное письмо» необходимо учитывать сле-
дующие критерии оценивания:
— Решение коммуникативной задачи (К1),
— Организация текста (К2),
— Языковое оформление текста (КЗ).
Максимальное количество баллов при выполнении задания — 6 (К1—2 бал-
ла, К2-2 балла, КЗ-2 балла).
1 Демонстрационный вариант контрольных измерительных материалов
для проведения в 2012 году государственной (итоговой) аттестации. Режим
доступа: http://www.fipi.ru/view/sections/223/docs/
2 Демонстрационный вариант контрольных измерительных материалов
единого государственного экзамена 2012 года по английскому языку. Режим
доступа: http://www.fipi.ru/view/sections/222/docs/578.html
Essential Letter Writing Features | 95
3.	Read the following letter. Analyze the criteria of evaluation and an-
swer the questions below (Ex. 1, the task for the 11th-year students).
Pyatigorsk
Russia
24/6/2012
Dear Tom,
I was so happy to receive your letter. Sorry, I couldn’t answer at once
because I was ill.
It’s so wonderful that you visited the National Museum of American
History last month! I think that museums are special places where people
can leam about our history, science, traditions, art, etc. That’s why people
and especially children should visit them. What’s more, it’s a wonderful
possibility to widen our knowledge! As for my class, we often go to muse-
ums. The Outdoor Folk Museum is my favourite one. It’s a real village
where you can see people’s life in the past.
Well, what places would you like to visit this summer? Do you want
to visit your relatives? Are you going to have a part-time job?
Sorry, I must finish my homework. Take care.
Best wishes,
Helen
1.	How many words are there in the letter?
2.	Has Helen answered Tom’s questions completely?
3.	Is there a form of address in the letter? What is it?
4.	Has the letter got the ending? What is it?
5.	Does the author of the letter write only her first name at the end of
the letter?
6.	Does the author of the letter thank for getting the letter?
7.	Does the author mention future contacts?
8.	Is the letter written in a logical order?
9.	Does the author use any linking words?
10.	Does the author follow the rules of letter writing? What are they?
11.	Has the author made any grammar mistakes?
12.	Does the author use various words and phrases?
13.	Are there any spelling or punctuation mistakes in the letter?
96 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
4.	Read the highest possible criteria of evaluation and state if the letter
in exercise 3 satisfies the requirements of evaluation.
Критерий оценивания	Задание выполнено полностью:
Решение коммуни- кативной задачи	Содержание отражает все аспекты, указанные в зада- нии (даны полные ответы на все вопросы, заданы три вопроса по указанной теме); стилевое оформление речи выбрано правильно с учетом цели высказывания и адресата; соблюдены принятые в языке нормы веж- ливости
Организация текста	Высказывание логично; средства логической связи использованы правильно; текст верно разделён на аб- зацы; структурное оформление текста соответствует нормам, принятым в стране изучаемого языка
Языковое оформле- ние текста	Используемый словарный запас и грамматические структуры соответствуют поставленной задаче; орфо- графические и пунктуационные ошибки практически отсутствуют (допускается не более 2-х негрубых лек- сико-грамматических ошибок или/и не более 2-х не- грубых орфографических и пунктуационных ошибок)
5.	Analyze the essential features of letter writing. Determine the writing
strategies. Match two columns.
a. Aspects of the task b. Style of the letter c. Rules of letter writing (etiquette) d.	Logic e.	Linking words f.	Paragraph division g.	Normative struc- ture	1. 1 use various words and phrases according to the task.
	2. I start my letter with Dear and my pen-friend’s first name.
	3. 1 write about previous contacts.
	4. 1 write the letter clearly.
	5. I use appropriate linking words.
	6. I divide the text into paragraphs logically.
	7. I write the greetings on a new line.
Essential Letter Writing Features | 97
h. Grammar, voca- bulary, spelling, punctuation	8. I use various grammar structures according to the task. 9. I answer the questions mentioned in my pen- friend’s letter. 10.1 write without spelling and punctuation mis- takes. 11. I finish the letter with an informal final for- mula (With love, Best wishes, etc.) and my first name. 12.1 write reasonably formulated sentences. 13.1 write the date after the address. 14.1 use grammar structures and words according to the task. 15. I write properly organized paragraphs. 16.1 write my address in the top right-hand cor- ner. 17.1 ask 3 questions to my pen-friend according to the topic in the task. 18.1 express my hope for the future contacts. 19.1 write an informal final formula on a new line. 20.1 write my first name on a new line at the end of the letter.
6.	Read the following task and the letter. Match the parts of the letter
with its essential elements.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Susan
who writes:
Every day I go to bed late because of my homework. It takes me about
5 hours to do it. Maybe Гт a slowcoach. However, I always try to do all
the tasks properly! What about you ? How long does it take you to do your
homework ? Do you find your homework difficult ? What was your homework
like yesterday?
98 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
By the way, tell me about your favourite subject at school.
Write a letter to Susan.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her favourite subject.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tver Russia 13th October, 2012 Dear Susan, I was happy to get your letter. Sorry, I couldn’t answer at once because of our compe- titions. It’s a pity that you’ve got loads of home- work! As for me, it takes me 2 and sometimes 3 hours to do it! I don’t think my homework is too difficult. Besides, I usually plan how I’ll do it. Firstly, 1 do difficult subjects such as Chemistry. Then I prepare easy ones, for exam- ple, Geography. The most difficult tasks for me are usually Literature essays because I have to analyze novels or stories. As for my last home- work, I had to do several sums. Then I prepared a report on Geography. Besides, I did some grammar exercises. Sorry, I must finish my homework now. Write back soon! With love, Tanya	A.	The addresser’s name B.	The closing phrases about future con- tacts C.	The greeting D.	The answers to your pen-friend’s ques- tions E.	The questions for your pen-friend E The address G.	The date H.	The gratitude for getting the letter I.	The final formula
Essential Letter Writing Features | 99 ~|
7.	Match the phrases with the parts of the letter.
1.	Write back soon!
2.	07/2/2011
3.	Dear Michael,
4.	23, Pavlova street
Kursk
Russia
5.	Best wishes,
6.	Julia
7.	Thanks for your letter!
A.	The date
B.	The addresser’s name
C.	The introduction
D.	The greeting
E.	The final formula
E The address
G. The reference to the future
contacts
8.	A. Put the parts of the letter in the right order.
A.	The addresser’s name
B.	Closing phrases about future contacts
C.	Greetings
D.	Answers to the pen-friend’s questions
E.	Questions to the pen-friend
E Address
G.	Date
H.	Thanks forgetting the letter
I.	Final formula
B. Choose the phrases for each part of the letter from the table.
1. It’s so wonderful that you visited the National Museum of Ameri-
can History!.., 2. Helen, 3. Write back soon, 4. Pyatigorsk Russia,
5. 24/6/2012, 6. Dear Tom, 7. What places do you plan to visit this sum-
mer? 8. Best wishes, 9. Thanks for your letter. 1 was happy to receive it!
| 100 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation
9. A. Read the first criterion of evaluation (K1).
	Решение коммуникативной задачи
2	Задание выполнено полностью: содержание отражает все аспекты, ука- занные в задании (даны полные ответы на все вопросы, заданы три вопроса по указанной теме); стилевое оформление речи выбрано пра- вильно с учетом цели высказывания и адресата; соблюдены принятые в языке нормы вежливости
1	Задание выполнено не полностью: содержание отражает не все аспекты, указанные в задании (более одного аспекта раскрыто не полностью или один аспект полностью отсутствует); встречаются нарушения стилевого оформления речи или/и принятых в языке норм вежливости
0	Задание не выполнено: содержание не отражает тех аспектов, которые указаны в задании, или/и не соответствует требуемому объёму
B. Read the letter. State if it satisfies the requirements of the first
criterion of evaluation (K1). Tick the statements below.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jane
who writes:
My parents think that I should baby-sit my little sister. Well... I don’t mind,
but she never gives me a chance to do my homework. Whenever she plays
with her dolls, she never puts them back into the toy box. When it comes to
feeding her, it’s a nightmare, she doesn’t want to eat her food but she de-
mands for the chocolate.
Have you ever baby-sat? Did you find it difficult? Would you like to work as
a baby-sitter? Why or why not?
Yesterday 1 went to the library...
Write a letter to Jane.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her visit to the library
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing. 
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 101
Moscow
Russia
16th June, 2012
Dear Jane,
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you!
In your letter you write about your problem. It’s really difficult to take
care of little children. You must be patient and kind. As you know, I’ve
got a 3-year-old brother, so I spend a lot of time with him. I must say I
find it very difficult. He’s very active and naughty. As for me, I wouldn’t like
to be a baby-sitter because it’s a very complicated job. What’s more, you’re
responsible for the baby you look after.
As for your visit to the library, what books did you want to take? Why
did you need them? How often do you go to the library?
Sorry, I have to finish my report. Keep in touch!
With love,
Denis
Аспекты содержания, указанные в задании:
в письме даны полные ответы на все вопросы	О
в письме заданы три вопроса по указанной теме	О
Стилевое оформление речи в письме выбрано правильно
с учетом цели высказывания и адресата:
обращение в соответствии с неофициальным стилем	□
завершающая фраза в правильной форме в соответствии	□
с неофициальным стилем
подпись — только имя пишущего	О
Соблюдение принятых в языке норм вежливости:
ссылка на предыдущие контакты	О
ссылка на будущие контакты	□
10. Read the following letters and explain the given marks according to
the first criterion of evaluation.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Julia
who writes:
102 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Every morning I get to my school by bus. If I had more time, I would cer-
tainly go on foot. Unfortunately, my school is rather far from my home. It
usually takes me more than half an hour to get to it. How long does it take
you to get to your school? What transport do you use to get there? Would you
like to go to school by bicycle ? Why or why not ?
Well, I’ve decided to join our school fitness club!
Write a letter to Julia.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her school fitness club.
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 1.
Задание выполнено полностью: 2 балла
Krasnodar
Russia
16th June, 2012
Dear Julia,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to get it!
In the letter you asked me about the transport which I use to get to
school. First of all, I’d like to note that my school is not far from my home.
It takes me 10 minutes to get to school by tram or by bus. Sometimes I walk
there. But as a rule, I usually go by bus. It’s faster and more convenient
for me. Sometimes my father takes me to the school by car. As for riding a
bicycle, it’s really impossible as we don’t have bicycle lanes.
It’s great you’ve decided to join your school fitness club! Is it free? How
often do you train there? Is there any special equipment in the club?
Write back soon!
With love,
Nina
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation j ЮЗ I
Letter 2.
Задание выполнено не полностью: 1 балл
Omsk
Russia
16th June, 2012
Dear Julia,
In your letter you asked me about the transport in my town. I’d like
to say that I don’t take any transport because my school is near my house.
It usually takes me 5 minutes to get there. I usually go on foot. It’s very
healthy. Of course, I’d like to go by bike but there is no special bike parking
near my school. So the bike can be stolen. My friends usually go to school
by bus. There is a bus stop near my school. Sorry, I must go to music school,
my lesson will begin soon.
Take care.
All the best,
Lida
Letter 3.
Задание не выполнено: 0 баллов
Tver
Russia
16th June, 2012
Dear Julia,
It is so wonderful you’ve joined the fitness club! How much does it cost?
Transport does not work in my town properly! I am usually late for
school because of it. There are a lot of traffic jams on the roads and you
can stay in the car or in the bus for hours. I don’t like bicycles because you
can’t wear beautiful clothes. What’s more, you must choose trainers when
you ride a bike. I wouldn’t like to go to school by bicycle. Why do you go by
bus? Does your father drive a car?
It’s time to write my exercises. We’ll have a test tomorrow. Write back
soon!
Sonya
104 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
В основной части письма необходимо представить достаточно подробные
ответы на вопросы. Порядок ответа на вопросы ты можешь выбрать сам,
обрати внимание на логику и единство текста. Ответы не должны быть пред-
ставлены разрозненно. Нельзя перескакивать с одного вопроса на другой,
важно продумать переходы или связки от одной части письма к другой.
11. Determine the aspects of the task. Underline the questions to answer.
Define the topic of the questions you should ask. Make an outline
of the letter.
Letter 1.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tom
who writes:
It’s a disaster! This year we ’ll study on Saturdays! We’ve never had classes
at weekends and it means that we won’t be able to go on guided tours! What
a pity!.. Do you study on Saturdays? Do you go on guided tours with your
classmates at the weekend? What did you do last Saturday?
Well, yesterday we went to the Art Museum...
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his visit to the Art Museum
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | Ю5
Letter 2.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Kate
who writes:
Sometimes we have arguments with my parents. They don’t like it when I
come home too late. However, I like to spend time with my friends and we go
fora walk or go to the disco. Do you have arguments with your parents? Why
do they get angry ? How do you solve these problems ?
By the way, I want to take part in the intellectual quiz show...
Write a letter to Kate.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the intellectual quiz show
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 3.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Mary
who writes:
Yesterday my friend and I quarreled. Today I feel very upset, because I know
that I was wrong, so I think to call her and ask her to forgive me. I hope she
will understand me.
What about you ? Have you ever quarreled with your best friend ? Who was
the first one to admit that he/she was wrong? What is the usual reason for
your arguments ?
Well, next month we ’re going to visit my aunt.
Write a letter to Kate.
| 106 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her aunt.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
12. Match the aspects of the task with the appropriate parts of the letter.
State if the tasks are done in the right way.
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Susan who writes: I’ve got a lot of friends. Sometimes we quarrel but I’m sure that when I'm in trouble they ’ll support me. What are the most important qualities for good friends in your opinion ? Have your friends ever helped you in difficult si- tuations ? What is your best friend like ? By the way, we are going to organize our literature club! Write a letter to Susan. In your let- ter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about the litera- ture club Write 100—140 words.	Krasnodar Russia 18th March, 2012 Dear Susan. Thank you very much for your letter. Sorry, 1 couldn’t answer ear- lier because of my tests. I’m happy to know about your news. I’m glad that you’ve got good friends. In your letter you ask me about my friends. My best friend is Helen. She is kind and helpful. Besides, she studies very well and goes in for swimming. She has won a lot of competitions in my town. As for difficult situations, she always gives a helping hand. She supports me and gives useful advice. 1 think
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | Ю7
	
Remember the rules of letter wri- ting.	a true friend must be loyal, reliable and responsible. Well, what are you going to do in your club? Are your class- mates going to join it? Do you want to organize any concerts in your club? I’d better go now. Write back soon! With love, Nastya
13. Read the following tasks and letters. Answer the questions below.
Letter 1. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Saman- tha who writes: My friend pays too much attention to her appearance. She visits her hair- dresser once or twice a week. Besides, she is keen on trendy clothes and she can’t live without shopping. Do you pay much attention to your appearance ? What is your attitude towards fashionable clothes? What is your favourite article of clothing? Well, I bought a present for my mum’s birthday yesterday. Write a letter to Samantha. In your letter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about the present she bought yesterday Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Anapa Russia 20th May, 2012 Dear Samantha, Thank you for your letter. It was great to learn your news. I don’t really understand your friend! It’s really a waste of time!	Answer the questions: 1. Does the letter in- clude information about how much attention Karina pays to her ap- pearance?
108 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
In your letter you ask me about my attitude towards the appearance. As for me, I don’t think that it’s necessary to pay too much atten- tion to the appearance. Of course, it’s impor- tant to be attractive and to wear nice clothes. However, I don’t follow fashion because I like comfortable clothes which suit me well. Be- sides, I’m fond of sport style. As for my favou- rite article of clothing, it’s jeans which I wear both at school and at home. By the way, what did you buy? Where did you buy it? Did your mum like the present? It’s time to finish my homework. Write back soon! With love, Karina	2.	Does Karina write about her attitude to- wards fashionable clo- thes? 3.	Does she describe her favourite article of clothing? 4.	Has Karina answered all the questions men- tioned in the task? 5.	Has Karina asked 3 questions about the present she bought yes- terday? 6.	Does the letter satisfy the requirements of the task?
Letter 2.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Paul
who writes:
This year we have a new subject to study. It's Psychology. I think it’s rather
complicated, but I’m sure it’ll be interesting. Would you like to study this
subject at school? Why or why not? What is your favourite subject? Do you
think that students should choose their subjects at school?
By the way, I’d like to learn Japanese.
Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about learning Japanese.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 109 |
Anapa	Answer the questions:
Russia	1. Does Karina explain
26th September, 2012	her reasons related to
Dear Paul,	studying Psychology?
Thank you for your letter. I’m glad to get it	2. Does she write about
and to learn your news! What an interesting	her favourite subject?
subject you’re going to learn!	3. Does she express her
As for me, I’d like to learn Psychology be-	opinion related to the
cause it’s very interesting! What’s more, it’s	choice of school sub-
related to my future career. As for my favou-	jects?
rite subject, it’s English. It’s really necessary	4. Has Karina answered
to learn foreign languages nowadays. Besides,	all the questions men-
our lessons are so exciting! We always learn	tioned in the task?
something new! Of course, I think that pupils	5. Has Karina asked
should choose their subjects because it gives	3 questions about learn-
them a possibility to focus on the subjects re-	ing Japanese?
lated to their future career.	6. Does the letter satisfy
Well, why have you decided to learn this	the requirements of the
language? Are you going to study at the lan-	task?
guage school? Have you bought any textbooks
yet?
I have to help my mum now. Take care!
Best wishes,
Karina
Letter 3.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Andrew
who writes:
My friend isn’t punctual. She’s always late for classes and other events. It
makes me angry! Is it important for you to be punctual? Why? Are your
friends late for school? When were you late for school last time and why?
Well, we are going to the cinema tomorrow.
Write a letter to Andrew.
| 110 | Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about his visit to the cinema. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Anapa Russia 7th September, 2012 Dear Andrew, It was great to get your letter! Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for a while but I haven’t been very well. I’m sure that good manners are very im- portant in everyday life. It’s necessary to be punctual. It’s a distinguishable feature of any educated person. My friends are seldom late. But if they are late, it can be explained by transport problems. As for me, I’m seldom late for my lessons. Last time I was late two weeks ago. My father took me to school in his car and there was a big traffic jam because of an acci- dent. So I was 20 minutes late for school. What film did you see? Did you like it? What is it about? I have to go shopping. Write back soon! With love, Karina	Answer the questions: 1.	Does Karina explain why it is important to be punctual? 2.	Does Karina write about her friends? 3.	Does she describe the situation when she was late? 4.	Has Karina answered all the questions men- tioned in the task? 5.	Has Karina asked 3 questions about his visit to the cinema? 6.	Does the letter satisfy the requirements of the task?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 111
14.	Read the tasks. Turn the following short answers into the parts of
the letter. Write the main body of your letter (except your questions).
Letter I. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Ann who writes: Some of my classmates usually crib my essays or tests. Besides, they sometimes copy my homework without asking for my permission. That’s why we quarrel. What is your attitude towards cribbing? Do your classmates crib your tests ? Have you ever had arguments related to this problem ? I would like to go to a language camp in summer. Write a letter to Ann. In your letter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about the language camp. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	It’s very dishonest. Pupils do harm to them- selves. 2.	Sometimes they do. 3.	Yes, I have. Because I want my classmates to do the homework them- selves.
Letter 2. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Susan who writes: I like to go to the gym. I think it makes me look fit and healthy. Every day I spend one and a half hour doing exercises, such as jogging, stretching, etc. What about you ? Is it important for you to go in for sports? What kind of sports do you go in for? Have you ever participated in any sport events ? I’m going to take part in our school gymnastics competitions. Write a letter to Susan. In your letter — answer her questions	1. Yes, it is. It is very important for me. 2.1 go in for swimming. 3. Yes, I have. Last year I took part in our school competitions. Unfortu- nately, I didn’t win.
112 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
— ask 3 questions about her school gymnastics competitions Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Letter 3. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Tom who writes: My friend thinks that school is the best place for meetingfriends. I disagree because I’m sure that the main purpose of school is to study and to wid- en your knowledge. What is your opinion ? Do you pay attention to the subjects related to your future career? Is it pos- sible to have fun at school? By the way, we went to the disco yesterday. Write a letter to Tom. In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about the disco. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	The main purpose of school preparation of the pupils for their fu- ture career. 2.	Yes, I do. I want to be a doctor. I concentrate on Biology and Chem- istry. 3.	Yes, it is. We take part in concerts and orga- nize shows and games.
Letter 4. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Pamela who writes: My mum pays a lot of attention to the healthy style of life. She eats only healthy food. She doesn’t eat fastfood, but I do! I disagree with her! I think ifyou eat fast food once or twice a month, nothing will happen to your health. What’s your opinion about it? What do you pre- fer: fast food or home-made food and why? Have you ever cookedfor yourself?	1.	Fast food is very harmful for our health. It’s better to eat home- made food. 2.	I prefer home-made food because my moth- er cooks wonderfully and it’s much healthier. 3.	Yes, I have. When my parents went to Mos- cow, I cooked for my- self.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 113 |
Oh, I’ve forgotten to tell you that we ’re going to organize a cooking contest! Write a letter to Pamela. In your letter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about the cooking contest. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Letter 5. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Sam who writes: My friend John doesn’t understand the impor- tance of healthy lifestyle! He doesn’t go in for sports and he likes fast food very much. He is rather fat. He often falls ill! I suggest he should start jogging every morning and swim twice a week! Do you think healthy lifestyle is really important? What do you do when you’re ill? When were you ill last time? Write a letter to Sam. In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about his friend’s character and his interests. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	Healthy life style helps us to be strong and fit. 2.	When I’m ill, I usu- ally go to my doctor. 3.	1 was ill last month.
15.	Complete the main body of the letter answering your pen-friend's
questions.
Letter 1.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jack
who writes:
I 114 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
I’m fond of English and I want to become an interpreter. It’s a very inter-
esting job. What's more, it has great opportunities for travelling. Have you
decided about your future career? What university or college do you want to
enter and why? What do your parents think about it?
1 ’m going to visit my granny on Sunday.
Write a letter to Jack.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his granny.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
In your letter you asked me about my future career...
Letter 2.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Sara
who writes:
As you know I play the violin. That’s why I want to become a musician.
It’s a very creative job. I’m practising a lot and I want to enter Moscow
conservatoire. ... What role does music play in your life? Can you play any
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 115 |
musical instrument ? If not, what musical instrument would you like to play ?
Would you like to become a famous musician ? Why or why not?
Well, I’m going to participate in the concert.
Write a letter to Sara.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the concert.
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
You’re interested in my attitude towards music...
Letter 3.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tim
who writes:
I’ve always wanted to learn Chinese so I did a course in our language school.
At first, it was rather difficult but once I realized I could speak and people
understood me, I really started loving it. What’s more, I’m going to visit Chi-
na and take part in the youth conference. Do you think that it’s important to
learn many foreign languages and why ? How many foreign languages do you
know? What language would you like to learn?
| 116 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Write a letter to Tim.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about the youth conference.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
In your letter you ask me about learningforeign languages...
Letter 4.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tom
who writes:
Guess what? I’ve come back from the tour to London! All my classmates
took part in it! It was fantastic! It was very well-organized. What’s more,
we visited all the main sights and learn a lot of historical facts! Have you
ever been on a tour with your classmates? How was it organized? Did you
like it and why?
We ’re having a Maths test tomorrow.
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his Maths test.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation j 117 I
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
You want to know if my classmates and I travel and make tours of my
country.______________________________________________________
При подготовке письма ты должен помнить о необходимости составления
вопросов для твоего друга по переписке. Данные вопросы должны иметь
личный, а не обобщенный характер. В вопросах должны уточняться кон-
кретные сведения относительно темы, указанной в задании. При составле-
нии вопросов обрати внимание на порядок слов, вспомогательные глаголы,
а также некоторые грамматические особенности вопросительных предложе-
ний разных типов (общие, специальные, вопросы к подлежащему).
16.	Read the following tasks and letters. Determine if the questions
satisfy the requirements of the task.
Letter 1. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Ann who writes: Some of my classmates usually crib my essays or tests. Besides they copy my homework without	
118 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the Ilth-Year Students
asking for my permission. That’s why we quarrel. What is your attitude towards cribbing? Do your classmates crib your tests ? Have you ever had ar- guments related to this problem ? I would like to go to the language camp in sum- mer. Write a letter to Ann. In your letter —	answer her questions —	ask 3 questions about the language camp. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	Where is this lan- guage camp situated? 2.	How many people are learning languages there? 3.	What languages is it important to learn nowa- days?
Letter 2. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Susan who writes: I like to go to the gym. I think it makes me health - ier and stronger. Every day I spend one and a half hour doing exercises, such as jogging, stretching, etc. What about you ? Is it important for you to go in for sports? What kind of sports do you go in for? Have you ever participated in any sport events? I’m going to take part in our school gymnastics competitions. Write a letter to Susan. In your letter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about her school gymnastics competitions. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	When will the com- petitions take place? 2.	How many sports- men are going to take part in these competi- tions? 3.	Have you ever won any competitions?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 119 |
Letter 3. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Tom who writes: My friend thinks that school is the best place for meeting friends. I disagree because I’m sure that the main purpose of school is to study and to wid- en the knowledge. What is your opinion ? Do you pay attention to the subjects related to your future career? Is it pos- sible to have fun at school? By the way, we went to the disco yesterday. Write a letter to Tom. In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about the disco Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	Whom did you go to the disco with? 2.	What kind of club did you visit yesterday? 3.	Was there any enter- tainment programme in the club?
Letter 4. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Pamela who writes: My mum pays a lot of attention to the healthy style of life. She eats only healthy food. She doesn’t eat fast food, but I do! I disagree with her. I think ifyou eat fast food once or twice a month nothing will happen to your health. What’s your opinion about it? What do you pre- fer: fast food or home-made food and why? Have you ever cookedfor yourself? Oh, I’ve forgotten to tell you that we’re going to organize a cooking contest! Write a letter to Pamela. In your letter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about the cooking contest	1.	When are you going to organize the cooking contest? 2.	What dishes should contestants prepare? 3.	Do you like to cook?
| 120 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Letter 5. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Sam who writes: My friend John doesn’t understand the impor- tance of healthy lifestyle! He doesn’t go in for sports and he likes fast food very much. He is ratherfat. What’s more, he often falls ill! I suggest he should start jogging every morning and swim twice a week! What do you think about healthy lifestyle? What do you do when you ’re ill? When were you ill last time? Write a letter to Sam. In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about his friend’s character and his interests. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	What is your friend fond of? 2.	What is his main fea- ture of character? 3.	What kind of sports does he prefer?
17.	Match the questions with the tasks according their topic.
1.	Where will the competition take place?
2.	How often do you have meetings in your Drama club?
3.	How you training for the competition?
4.	How often do you go to the library?
5.	What do you usually discuss in the meetings?
6.	How many people usually take part in them?
7.	What books did you take yesterday?
8.	Will it be difficult to win in this competition?
9.	Did the librarian help you to choose the book?
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 121
Letter 1.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Kate
who writes:
I’m fond of skating. By the way, I’m good at figure skating. What’s more, Igo
to the skating rink four times a week. Next week I’m going to take part in the
competition. What sport do you go in for? How long have you been doing it?
Have you ever taken part in any competitions ?
Write a letter to Kate.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the competition.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jim
who writes:
My parents usually tell me that if I want to achieve my goals, it’s necessary
to plan my time. What about you ? How do you plan your time? How long
does it take you to do your homework? Do you have time for hobbies and
entertaining activities?
By the way, I’d like to join our school Drama Club!
Write a letter to Jim.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his school Drama Club.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 3.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Sara
who writes:
I think reading is a very important and efficient activity when you learn
a foreign language. I usually look up new words when I don’t understand the
text. What is your attitude towards reading English books ? How do you cope
| 122 i Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
with difficulties related to reading? What English books have you read yet?
By the way, I went to the library yesterday.
Write a letter to Sara.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her visit to the library.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
18. Read the following tasks. Pay attention to the topic of the questions
you should ask. Use the prompts and write your questions.
Letter 1. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Jill who writes: Yesterday I took part in our school conference on good manners. We discussed different kinds of be- havior and spoke about politeness and rudeness. Do your classmates and you pay a lot of attention to good manners? Can they be taught at school? Do you think that good manners have the same rules in different countries? Write a letter to Jill. In your letter — answer her questions — ask 3 questions about the conference. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	people/take part 2.	guests/conference 3.	discuss/problems
Letter 2. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Stephen who writes: It isn’t easy to learn a foreign language. Some- times I have to help my classmates and I explain them grammar rules.	1.	with whom/go 2.	like/best of all 3.	exposition/thematic
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 123
Have you ever helped your friends with English or other subjects? What do you think, the most dif- ficult aspect of English is? Whom did you ask for help when you began to learn English ? By the way, we went to the Art Gallery yesterday! Write a letter to Stephen. In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about the Art Gallery he vis- ited yesterday. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	
Letter 3. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Tom who writes: All members of my family like to travel! It’s our favourite activity. When we have our day off or when we are on holidays, we go travelling. Are you fond of this activity? Do you travel alone, with your family and friends or in an organized group? What are your most memorable moments related to travelling? Write a letter to Tom. In your letter — answer his questions — ask 3 questions about his plans for travelling this summer. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.	1.	where/spend 2.	with whom/travel 3.	go/seaside
| 124 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
19. Read the task and ask the questions using the prompts below.
where	seaside	what/book
to take a course —>	In your letter... — ask 3 questions about his summer plans.	<- to get a part- time job
to go sightseeing	? to visit granny	к , , to help your parents
kind of book	favourite author	book/now
read/yet ->	In your letter... — ask 3 questions about her preferences in reading	<- your favourite character
foreign writers	? classical literature/ modern authors	read magazines
go in for sports	what sports/go in for	howoften/gym
spend time/ open air	—>	In your letter... — ask 3 questions about her fitness routine	<- be fond/ swimming
how often/ go for a walk	fat and fried food	eat healthy food
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 125
look like	character г	hobbies
what/want to become ->	In your letter... — ask 3 questions about herfriend	<- study/same class
how/spend time	? ever/quarrel	how long/ know each other
how many guests/ attend	where/take place	what dishes
kind of entertainment ->	In your letter... — ask 3 questions about the party he visited yesterday	<- what presents/ give
enjoy/ 71 most of all	T how long/last	how/entertain
20.	Read the tasks. Pay attention to the different questions you can ask
within one topic. Ask questions using the wh-words below.
In your letter... — ask 3 questions about his last visit to a museum.	When
	Where
	What
	Why
	How
In your letter... — ask 3 questions about her trip to Moscow.	When
	Where
	What
	Why
	How
126 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the Ilth-Year Students
In your letter... — ask 3 questions about his plans for the winter holidays.	When
	Where
	What
	Why
	How
In your letter... — ask 3 questions about the quiz show he has won.	When
	Where
	What
	Why
	How
In your letter... — ask 3 questions about the competition she is going to take part in.	When
	Where
	What
	Why
	How
При подготовке письма необходимо обращать внимание на соблюдение
норм вежливости, принятых в англоговорящих странах.
Важно поблагодарить друга по переписке за полученное письмо, необходи-
мо включить в письмо ссылку на предыдущие и будущие контакты.
В начале письма можно отреагировать в достаточно эмоциональной форме
по поводу новости, упоминаемой автором письма-стимула.
Важно следить за плавными переходами от одной части к другой, использо-
вать разговорные фразы: well, as for..., anyway, by the way и т. п.
Обрати внимание, что письмо не должно резко обрываться в конце, тебе
лучше сделать переход к заключительной части и объяснить, почему необ-
ходимо заканчивать письмо.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 127
21.	A. Read the following letters. Pay attention to the rules of polite-
ness. Correct some of them.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jane
who writes:
Yesterday we went to the theme park. It was a day out I would never forget!
There are different rides there. I was excited when I rode a rollercoaster and
a ghost train. How amazing they were!
Is there a theme park in your home town ? When did you visit the theme park
last time ? Why do you think people like going to the theme parks ?
Write a letter to Jane.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about entertainment in her town.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 1.
Samara
Russia
5/12/2012
Dear Jane,
It’s nice to get your letter. I’m sorry I haven’t written for so long be-
cause I have been busy at school.
It’s a pity 1 didn’t go to the theme park with you! I think people enjoy
different rides because it’s real fun and they become so excited! Of course,
there is a theme park in my home town. By the way, we often go there in
summer. My friends and I went there in September when the weather was
warm and sunny. We went on almost all the rides there.
Well, what kinds of entertainment are there in your city? What is your
favourite club? What entertainment would you like to have in your city?
Sorry, I must help my father, he’s calling me. Take care!
Best wishes,
Inga
| 128 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Letter 2.
Kursk
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear Jane,
You ask me about our theme park. Of course, there is a theme park in
the center of my town. Though it isn’t very big, it is very nice and pictur-
esque. There are a lot of rides there. When we were little, we enjoyed going
on them. Now my favourite ride is the Pirate Ship. Last time I was in the
park in September and we had a wonderful time! I think that people like to
have rest and to feel happiness. That’s why when they come to the park,
they forget about their problems and enjoy themselves!
By the way, are there any amusement centers in your town? Where do
people usually meet up with their friends? How many cinemas are there in
your town?
All the best,
Diana
B. Add the necessary elements to the second letter according to the
rules of politeness.
22.	Read the following fragments. Find the explanations why the author
didn't answer at once.
1.	Dear Helen,
Thanks for your letter. I was so happy to get it! Sorry, I couldn’t answer
at once because I was so busy with my exams. ...
2.	Dear Ted,
Thank you for your letter. I’m awfully sorry for not writing to you ear-
lier, I had so many tasks at school that I had very little free time.
3.	Dear Jane,
I’m so glad for your sister. Pass my congratulations to her, please. Sor-
ry, I haven’t written for so long because I’ve been busy at school studying
for my exams.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 129
4.	Dear Michael,
It was so wonderful to get your letter. Sorry, I couldn’t answer at once
because I was preparing for the contest.
5.	Dear Sam,
Thank you for your letter. Sorry, I didn’t have time to answer you be-
cause I took part in the competition.
23.	Match the following parts of the sentences. Pay attention to the
reasons given in the sentences.
1.	Sorry, I couldn’t answer at once be-
cause
2.	Sorry, I didn’t answer earlier because
3.	Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for a
while but
4.	Sorry I couldn’t write you my answer
at once because
5.	Sorry for not having written earlier
but
6.	Sorry, I haven’t answered earlier be-
cause
7.	Sorry for not having written earlier
because
8.	Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for a
while but
A.	I was so busy with my ex-
ams.
B.	of my trip to Prague.
С.	I haven’t been very well.
D.	I was ill.
E.	I was too busy with my
school.
E I was preparing for my
contest.
G. I’ve gone away with my
parents.
H. I’ve been preparing for
the conference.
24.	Make the sentences expressing your emotional reaction to the pen-
friend's letter. Complete them with appropriate information. Give
your own examples based on these models.
I was very
glad/
happy
hear /
learn
from your letter
which
arrived /
I got/
I received
yesterday /
last Monday /
on Wednesday
that
130 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
So you
are coming to England!
I’ve decided to learn French!
I’m so glad!
What a brilliant idea!
25.	Pay attention to the different ways of expressing your emotions
and advice. Divide the phrases into 3 columns.
1. Poor you! 2. I’m so glad! 3. I really think you should... 4. What great news! 5. How fantastic it is! 6. How about...? 7. You could... 8. What a shame! 9. I’m sorry to hear ... 10. I completely understand... 11. It might be a good idea if... 12. It must be terrible... 13. I was very glad to learn ... 14. What a brilliant idea! 15. What sad news! 16. What a great success! 17. It’s a real disaster!		
Sympathy	Emotional reaction to the news	Advice
		
26.	Match the information mentioned in your pen-friends' letters with
the phrases of emotional reaction in the answers. Complete some
of them with the necessary information.
1.	Last month my sister got married.
2.	This week my father has bought a
new car.
3.	Yesterday I failed my Maths test.
4.	Two days ago I celebrated my 15th
birthday.
5.	My sister is in hospital now.
A.	Great news about...! Has your fa-
ther already taken you for a ride?
B.	You write about.... Congratulate
you with this wonderful day! Many
happy returns of the day!
C.	What sad news about your sis-
ter’s illness! I’m sorry to hear that.
D.	How wonderful it is to have snow
in winter! You can make a snowman
and play snowballs!
E.	You’ve written about... . What a
great success! You can be proud of
your team!
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 131
6. It snowed for the first time yester- day.	E You’ve written about... . What a great success! I’ve seen a programme about this contest on TV!
7. Our volleyball team has won the College Cup. 8. I’ve joined a jazz-band as a singer recently.	G. What a shame that you ...! You should have revised better! H. It’s wonderful your sister got married! Pass my congratulations to her!
9. It’s a real disaster! My bike has been broken!	J. What a surprise that you...! 1 haven’t known that you’re good at singing!
10. This summer I’ve won the Inter- national Grant in the national Bio- logical Contest! 11.1 didn’t win the contest! I’m so disappointed!	K. What a pity you didn’t won the contest! I do hope you’ll get it next year. L. I was so sorry to learn from your letter which arrived yesterday that you failed your exam.
12. It’s a real disaster! I failed my exam!	M. What a pity that your bicycle...! Are you going to mend it?
13. My sister is at home now! She feels much better! 14. Yesterday my parents bought me a computer! It’s unbelievable!	N. So you’ve got a computer! I’m so glad! 0. I’m so relieved to hear that your sister has recovered.
27.	React to the news given in the letters. Express your emotions.
1.	I’ve passed my school exams excellently!
2.	My sister had a birthday party last Saturday!
3.	Could you imagine? I’ve won a trip to Paris! It’s unbelievable!
| 132 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
4.	My family and I are enjoying fascinating sights in Rome!
5.	Guess what? My parents have bought me a puppy!
6.	You won’t believe but this summer I’m going to the international
camp in London.
7.	My brother’s broken his leg. Now he’s in hospital!
8.	It’s a real tragedy! My computer is out of order!
9.	What a pity! I’ve got a bad mark for my test!
28.	Read the fragments of the letters. How do their authors apologize
for finishing their letters? Underline the sentences.
1....
I have to finish my letter now because I have to go to the gym. Write
back soon!
Best wishes,
Elina
2....
Sorry, it’s time to help my mother about the house. Looking forward
to your answer.
Take care,
Valera
3. ...
Well, I must finish my homework and revise several grammar rules for
my English test tomorrow. Keep in touch!
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 133 ~|
All the best,
Arina
4....
Unfortunately, I have to babysit my little sister. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Igor
5. ...
1 have to go now. Mum is calling me for supper. Stay in touch!
With love,
Vera
29. Match the reasons with explanation written in the letters.
Your reason		Your explanation
1. You must write an essay.		A. Sorry, but I have to prepare a report on Geography.
2. You must go to the gym.		B. Sorry, I’d better go now be- cause my mum asked me to help her to prepare dinner.
3. You must finish your home- work.		C. Oh, I have to look after my little brother.
4. You must babysit your little brother.		D. Sorry, but I have to finish my homework. I must write a story in English.
5. You must help your mother.		E. It’s time to go to the gym. My training will begine soon.
6. You must help your friend with his homework.		F. 1 have to go now. My friend Anna wants me to help her with Maths.
7. The guests have come to see you.		G. Sorry, my cousins have come to see me. I’d better lay the table.
| 134 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
30.	Explain your reasons of finishing the letter. Make use of the grammar
constructions from the table.
Sorry, I’d better + verb
Sorry, I have to + verb
Sorry, I should + verb
Sorry, I must + verb
Sorry, it's time to + verb
1.	Your mother asks you to help her.
2.	You want to do your homework.
3.	Your friends are waiting for you.
4.	Your favourite film has begun on TV.
5.	Your music lesson will begin soon.
31. Complete the table. Divide the following phrases into 4 groups ac-
cording to their communicative role in the letter.
Gratitude for the letter	Apologies for not answer- ing at once	Emotional reaction for the news given in the letter	Apologies for having to finish your letter
1. Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for a while but I haven’t been very well.			
2. Thanks for the letter. 3. Sorry, I didn’t answer at once because I was			
busy with my exams. 4. Sorry, I couldn’t answer you because of my com-			
petitions. 5. Pass my congratulations to your sister. 6. Thank you for			
the letter. 7. Sorry, but my friend Joe wants me to help him with Maths.			
8. Congratulate you on this wonderful day! Accept my best wishes! Many			
happy returns of the day! 9. Actually, I must go to the gym.			
32.	Read the letter. Determine if it satisfies the requirements of infor-
mal letter style. Complete the table below.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Sara
who writes:
Guess what? We have a new school band called “Tortoises ”. I sing, Jane and
Susan play the guitar and Leo plays the drums. Now we are trying to write
our own songs because we want to take part in the musical contest. Do you
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 135
play any musical instrument? If not, what instrument would you like to play?
Would you like to organize the band in your school? What is your favourite
musical band?
Write a letter to Sara.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the musical contest.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Murmansk
Russia
3rd October, 2012
Dear Sara,
Thank you for your letter. It was great to hear your news!
In your letter you want to know about my musical preferences. I like
music. What’s more, 1 play the piano. I’m sure that every well educated per-
son must play any musical instrument. As for me, I’d like to organize a mu-
sical band in my school. It’s great! Though it’s rather difficult because it’s
necessary to buy instruments! And they are so expensive! As for my favou-
rite musical band, it’s “Assorty”. Their songs are so exciting!
By the way, when will the contest take place? How many contestants
will compete there? How many songs are you going to sing there?
I’d better go now, as I must finish my homework. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Ksenya
	yes	no
Has the letter got greeting according to the informal style?		
Has the letter got a final formula according to the informal style?		
Has the addresser written only her first name according to the informal style?		
[ 136 i Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
33.	Read the following fragments. Determine if they satisfy the re-
quirements of the informal letter style. Correct some of them.
Letter 1.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
24/6/2012
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I was happy to receive it. Sorry, I couldn’t answer
at once because 1 was ill.
Sorry, I have to finish my homework. Write back soon! Best wishes,
Ivanova Helen
Letter 2.
Moscow
Russia
24th July, 2012
Hi,
Thank you for your letter. I’m glad to learn the latest news! I couldn’t
answer earlier because of my exams.
Sorry, but I must write an essay for my literature lesson tomorrow.
Keep in touch!
All the best,
Misha
Letter 3.
Novgorod
Russia
22nd August, 2012
Dear Leo,
It’s great to read your letter. How interesting your festival was! 1
couldn’t write you earlier because 1 was busy with my competitions.
Well, I‘d better finish my homework. Take care.
With love,
Nina
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 137
Letter 4.
Voronezh
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear my friend Tom,
I’m happy to get it. I have to go now, as my friend Joe wants me to help
him with Maths.
Well, I have to finish my homework. Write back soon!
Yours faithfully,
Helen
Letter 5.
Irkutsk
Russia
24th December, 2012
My friend Tom,
Thank you for your letter. Your news is great! I couldn’t answer earlier
because of our quiz show!
Sorry, it’s time to go to the gym. My training will become soon. Stay in
touch!
All the best,
Karina
34.	A. Read the task and write the letter following the given instruc-
tions.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tom
who writes:
Yesterday my classmates and / organized a discussion. We had to answer
what we would do in 10 years’ time. What about you? Where do you think
you will work in 10 years’ time? What city will you live in and why? What
goals will you achieve?
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about the university he wants to enter.
| 138 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th - Yea r Students
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Write your
address
г
Write the date
г
Write
the greetings
г
Thank for
the letter
г
Apologize for
not answering
at once
г
React for the
news written by
your pen-friend
г
Answer the
questions
г
Write your
questions
Apologize for
having to finish
your letter
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 139
г
Write closing
phrases about
future contacts
г
Write the final
formula
г
Sign the letter
using your first
name only
B. Count the words in each part.
The address	2 words
The date	
The greeting	
The gratitude for the letter	
The apologies for not answering at once	
The reaction for the news written by the pen friend	
The answer to the questions	
The questions	
The apologies for having to finish your letter	
The closing phrases about future contacts	
The final formula	
The addresser’s name	1 word
35.	A. The letter can be short (less than 90 words) even if you've an-
swered all the questions given in the letter stimulus and have
140 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the Ilth-Year Students
asked 3 questions. Read the following letter. Pay attention to the
ways how you can increase the number of words.
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Dan who
writes:
Last week my dream came true! My parents bought me a lap-top. It’s really
fantastic! It helps me greatly with my studies.
... What do you prefer to use: a computer or a lap-top? How does it help
you in your studies? What do you think about computer addiction ?
By the way, yesterday I went to my friend’s birthday party. It was great!
Write a letter to Dan. In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his friend’s birthday party.
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Kursk Russia 17/07/2012 Dear Dan, Thank you for your letter. You asked me about my prefer- ences related to computers. I pre- fer a lap-top because I can use it wherever 1 am. I can’t imagine my studies without computers. I pre- pare my presentations and write projects. I’m against computer games because children get addict to them. Where did the party take place? What did you give as a present? How many guests were there? Write back soon!	В данном письме — 80 слов. Автор письма отвечает на по- ставленные вопросы, следует правилам вежливости, приня- тым в стране изучаемого язы- ка, но по объему количество слов является недостаточным (80 слов, при минимальной норме — 90 слов). В подобной ситуации необходимо следовать стратегиям расширения текста. Для этого автор письма может — написать полный адрес; — написать полную дату; — извиниться за то, что не отве- тил сразу; — отреагировать на полученную новость;
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 141
With love,	— более подробно ответить на
Irina	вопросы, объяснить причи- ны, аргументировать собст- венное мнение; — извиниться за необходимость завершения письма.
B. Match the following examples with the strategies of increasing
the number of words. Complete the letter above. Count the num-
ber of words.
A.	Great news! It’s so wonderful is that your parents bought you a lap-
top last week!
B.	For example, when I need necessary information I can find it easily
using my lap-top! ...They waste their time and it’s really harmful for
their health.
C. 17th July, 2012
D.	Sorry, I’d better go now because my sister is asking me to help her
with her homework.
E.	Flat 5,
23, Lenin street,
Kursk,
Russia
F.	I’m sorry I couldn’t answer at once because of my English tests.
36.	Increase the number of words in the following letter.
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Jim who writes:
Yesterday my friends and I went to the local zoo. I hadn’t been there for ages.
We saw funny animals there.
What is your attitude towards the zoos ? Are they necessary ? Have you ever
been there ? What is your impression ?
Yesterday I finished reading detective stories by Agatha Christie.
Write a letter to Jim. In your letter
— answer his questions
142 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
— ask 3 questions about his preferences in reading
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Krasnodar
Russia
2/10/2012
Dear Jim,
Thank you for your letter.
You asked me about my attitude towards the zoos. I like zoos and go
there with my nephew. Of course, they’re important because children can
learn about different animals and their lives. Last time I went there a month
ago. It was great. The cages were clean and animals were fed.
Well, what books do you prefer? Who is your favourite author? What
book would you like to read?
Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Vlada
37.	If the letter is long (more than 140 words), you should make it
shorter. Read the strategies of shortening the letter below.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Ben
who writes:
My parents think that I should pay a lot of attention to foreign languages.
It is related to my future job because I’d like to become an interpreter. Do you
believe that it is important to learn English as a foreign language in today’s
world? Why ? Have you got any difficulties related to English ? If you had an
opportunity what other language/languages would you like to learn ?
Write a letter to Ben.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his future job
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing. 
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 143
Flat 10,
27 Zelenaya street,
Pyatigorsk
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear Ben,
Thank you for your letter very
much! I was happy to get it! 1 am
sorry I haven’t written for so long
because I was preparing for my
exams. It is so wonderful that you
find it important to learn foreign
languages!
In your letter you asked me
about my studies of English. Of
course, it is very important to learn
English as a foreign language nowa-
days because it is the international
language of the 21s’ century. It is the
language of trade, business, sports,
computer technologies, etc. People
will understand you everywhere if
you know English! However, it is
rather difficult to learn English
because you have to learn words,
grammar rules. It is necessary to
read books and listen to texts, too.
Sometimes I have difficulties with
writing essays. If I had an oppor-
tunity, I’d like to learn French be-
cause it’s a very beautiful language.
Well, why do you want to be-
come an interpreter? What univer-
sity do you want to enter? Where
would you like to work?
В данном письме — 195 слова.
Автор письма отвечает на по-
ставленные вопросы, следует
правилам вежливости, приня-
тым в стране изучаемого языка,
но по объему количество слов
является избыточным (195 слов,
при максимальном объеме —
154 слова). В подобной ситуации
необходимо следовать стратеги-
ям сокращения текста. Для это-
го автор письма может
— написать краткий адрес,
— написать дату при помощи
цифр,
— сократить первую часть (не
включать в нее некоторые
предложения, например, из-
винение за долгое написание
письма или эмоциональную
реакцию на новость),
— в основной части отвечать на
вопросы более конкретно,
обосновывать только основ-
ные моменты,
— в заключительной части мож-
но написать только фразу
о будущих контактах, не ука-
зывать причину завершения
написания письма, исполь-
зовать более короткие заклю-
чительные фразы (например,
Таке саге),
— использовать стяжённые (крат-
кие) формы.
144 | Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Sorry, I have to help my sister with her homework. I’m looking forward to your answer. All the best, Vlada	
B. Reduce the number of words in the letter according to the strate-
gies above. Count the words in the letter.
38.	Reduce the number of words in the following letter (214 words).
You have received a letter from your American pen friend Jim who writes:
Yesterday my friends and I went to the local zoo. I hadn’t been there for ages.
We saw funny animals there.
What is your attitude towards the zoos ? Are they necessary ? Have you ever
been there ? What is your impression ?
Yesterday I finished reading detective stories by Agatha Christie.
Write a letter to Jim. In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his preferences in reading.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Flat 25,
38, Mira street,
Krasnodar
Russia
12th May, 2012
Dear Jim,
Thanks for your letter. It was so wonderful to get it! Sorry, 1 could not
answer at once because I was preparing for my competitions and I trained
a lot!
In your letter you’d like to know my attitude towards the zoos. I think
they are great places for the people who arc fond of animals and especially
for children. Besides, zoos are necessary for scientists because they can
study animals there. What’s more, zoos can save endangered species. Un-
fortunately, there are zoos where animals are not kept in good conditions
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 145 ~|
and they suffer from cruelty. These zoos must be closed. We also have
a zoo in Krasnodar. It is large and there are a lot of animals there. The ani-
mals are fed and the cages are clean. Zoo-keepers take a good care of them.
I have been there a lot of times. Last year when I was there we fed a lama
and watched monkeys. They were so funny!
By the way, what kind of books do you like to read? What is your favou-
rite character? Did you like detective stories?
Sorry, I’d better go now. I have to help my mother about the house!
Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Arina
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation
39. A. Read the second criterion of evaluation (K2).
	Организация текста
2	Высказывание логично; средства логической связи использованы пра- вильно; текст верно разделён на абзацы; структурное оформление тек- ста соответствует нормам, принятым в стране изучаемого языка
1	Высказывание не всегда логично; имеются недостатки/ошибки в ис- пользовании средств логической связи, их выбор ограничен; деление текста на абзацы нелогично/отсутствует; имеются отдельные наруше- ния принятых норм оформления личного письма
0	Отсутствует логика в построении высказывания; принятые нормы оформления личного письма не соблюдаются
B. Read the letter. Analyze if it corresponds to the second criterion of
evaluation (K2). Tick the statements based on the letter analysis.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom
who writes:
It’s a disaster! This year we ’ll study on Saturdays! We’ve never had classes
at weekends and it means that we won’t be able to go on guided tours! What
a pity!...Do you study on Saturdays? What do pupils think about classes on
Saturdays ? Do you go on guided tours with your classmates at the weekend?
Well, yesterday we went to the Art Museum...
146 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his visit to the Art Museum.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Volgograd
Russia
12th October, 2012
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. It was great to hear from you.
In your letter you wrote about your school problems. It’s really difficult
to study on Saturdays if you didn’t use to do it before. As for me, Saturday is
an ordinary school day as Monday or Wednesday. What’s more, we have six
lessons and our classes are over at 2 o’clock. That’s why all the pupils are
neither surprised nor annoyed about this fact. As for the guided tours, we
sometimes go to the mountains for the weekend. We can enjoy ourselves
and admire picturesque views.
Well, was it the first time you visited the Art Museum? What works of
art impressed you? Would you like to go to the museum again?
I’d better go now. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Ivan
The letter
1.	is logical, its sentences flow effectively, from one to another.	a
2.	includes clear paragraphs to organize it.	a
3.	contains proper linking words	a
4.	satisfies the requirements of the rules of letter writing	a
Useful	:
Обрати внимание на то. что структурное оформление текста должно соот-
ветствовать нормам, принятым в стране изучаемого языка, а именно
— обращение на отдельной строке,
— завершающая фраза на отдельной строке,
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 147
— подпись на отдельной строке,
— адрес автора в правом верхнем углу,
— дата под адресом.
40.	Read the following letters and explain the given points according
to the second criterion of evaluation.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Bill who
writes:
Now I’m preparingfor the championship. My coach is very strict and he in-
sists on my training. What about you ? What is your opinion it’s important
to train every day ? What sports do you go in for ? What is your coach like ?
Write a letter to Bill.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his championship.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 1.
Задание выполнено полностью: 2 балла
Moscow
Russia
15th October, 2012
Dear Bill,
I’m happy to get your letter. I wish you good luck in your championship!
In your letter you are interested in my sports preferences. I go in for
football. What’s more, I’ve been training for 8 years. Our team has taken
part in many matches and we’ve won a lot of times. We train 4 times a week.
As for our coach, he’s very strict, too. I’m sure that it’s necessary to be strict
when you train teenagers. He makes us do a lot of exercises but it provides
excellent results!
Well, where does the championship take place? How many sportsmen
are taking part? Whom are you going there with?
Sorry, I have to go now. Take care!
Best wishes,
Denis
| 148 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
________________________________________________________________Letter 2.
Задание выполнено не полностью: 1 балл
Moscow
Russia
15th October, 2012
Dear Bill,
Thank you for your letter. Sorry, 1 haven’t been in touch.
You ask me about sports in my life. 1 go in for basketball, but our
coach is not strict. We train twice a week. But we can play well and win.
It is interesting to play basketball and I like this game very much. What
about your championship? Would you like to go there? When are you going
there? Where does it take place? Now I must help my mother about the
house. Besides we are going to make a cake.
Write back soon!
All the best,
Rita
___________________________________________________________ Letter 3
Задание не выполнено: 0 баллов
4th May
Moscow Russia
Dear Bill,
It’s great to get your letter. You’ve written about your coach and about
your preparation. It’s very hard. I go in for swimming. We train every Sun-
day. Our coach is rather strict. We ride a bike. We go to the forest and train
there. It is very hard. We are tired and thirsty. And we go to the stadium and
run there. It is very useful for our legs. How many children are competing in
the competition? When does it take place? Where is it going to be?
I have to go to the library. I must find the information about new tech-
nologies for our lesson tomorrow. Have fun!
Roma
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 149 |
41.	Read the following letter. State if it is written according to the rules
of letter writing below. Answer the questions below.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Mar-
garet who writes:
I’m fond of photography and I love taking pictures of nature and animals.
What about you ? What is your hobby ? When did you become interested in it
and why ? Do yourfriends share your interests ?
Yesterday I placed my new photos in the Internet.
Write a letter to Margaret.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her attitude towards modem technologies.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tver
Russia
24th October, 2012
Dear Margaret,
I was happy to get your letter. It’s so wonderful you’re keen on taking
pictures! It’s really a great hobby!
As for me, I prefer active hobbies. I like to ride a bike and I usually
spend a lot of time riding it. I began to practice it when I was 7 years old.
My parents bought me a bike. How happy I was! Since that cycling has
become my hobby! Some of my friends have the same interest and we ride
together to different places.
Well, do you use computer technologies when you take photos? Do you
think they make our life easier? What computer programme do you find the
most useful?
I’d better go now. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Valera
1.	Is the greeting written on a new line?
2.	Is the final formula written on a new line?
3.	Is the addresser’s name written on a new line?
| 150 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the Ilth-Year Students
4.	Is the address written in the top right-hand corner?
5.	Is the date written after the address?
42.	Arrange the structure of the letter according to the rules of letter
writing.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jane
who writes:
1 feel embarrassed when I have to address a large audience or get on the
stage. / think that I'm too shy and I want to become more confident. What
about you? Do you think it's important to be confident? Why or why not?
When do you feel embarrassed? How do you calm down when you have to
address a large audience ?
By the way, we had a History test yesterday. As you know it’s my favourite
subject!
Write a letter to Jane.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her History test.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Novgorod Russia 5/10/2012 Dear Jane, Thank you for your letter.
I’m happy to receive it! It's a pity you get so nervous when you get on the
stage! You should be more confident! 1 think that it's important to be more
confident because it helps you to participate in different events. Moreover,
you become more successful and can achieve your goals. As for me, I feel
embarrassed when 1 have to take part in conferences. But it passes quickly
when I begin to present my report. 1 imagine that the people who are lis-
tening to me are my friends. So it helps me calm down! What about your
History test? What mark did you get? Was it difficult for you? Did you make
any mistakes? Sorry, I must go now. Write back soon! Best wishes, Rita
Логичность текста реализуется благодаря использованию средств логиче-
ской связи (linking phrases). Важно при ответе на вопросы соединять про-
стые предложения при помощи союзов, союзных словосочетаний и т. п.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 151 |
Обрати внимание на использование следующих средств логической связи:
— and, but, yet, so, so that, both... and, either... or, neither... nor, not only... but;
— as, since, because, now that;
—	to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that;
—	although, even though, even if, however, in spite of the fact that.
43.	Join the following sentences using the linking phrases in brackets.
A.	1. She was in Moscow in July. Now she is in Saratov (but). 2. The TV
programme was not interesting. It was not amusing, (neither... nor). 3. Re-
vise these grammar rules. You will fail your exams, (or) 4. The teacher told
him to prepare the report. He won’t take part in the conference, (either...
or) 5. She bought a new text-book for her friend. She bought a text-book for
herself, (both ... and) 6. She learned grammar rules. She did some grammar
exercises, (not only... but). 7. She helped her mother about the house. She
went for a walk with her friends. (So... and) 8. I prepared my homework
properly. I didn’t get a mark, (but)
B.	1. 1 couldn’t answer you earlier. I was busy with my exams, (be-
cause) 2. You have not understood the grammar rule. I will explain it to
you. (since) 3. It is snowing. We’ll go for a walk, (as) 4. He is sure to win
the contest. He has prepared properly, (since) 5. I didn’t take part in the
competition. I was ill. (because)
C.	1. 1 trained a lot. I didn’t win in the competition, (although) 2. He
wanted to take part in the competition. It took place in Moscow and he
had to go there, (even though) 3. I don’t attend dance classes. I am good
at dancing, (although) 4. She had to do her homework. She explained me
some formulas, (although) 5.1 think that the film is boring. A lot of people
enjoy it. (even though)
L'sefiri tip? far writing
Обрати внимание, что логика изложения основывается на выражении раз-
личных коммуникативных значений: условия, дополнения, причины, срав-
нения, следствия, каждому из которых соответствуют различные средства
логической связи. Понимание коммуникативной роли средств логической
связи позволит правильно использовать их в письме.
152 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
44. Complete the table using the linking words below.
condition	addition	cause/effect	contrast
Unless, although, though, in addition to, as an alternative, even though, as a result of, because of, as long as, along with, furthermore, as well as, moreover, what’s more, due to, consequently, so therefore, despite, in spite of, on the other hand, alternatively			
45. Read the letter. Underline the linking words in it. Define their com-
municative role (condition, addition, cause, effect, contrast). Re-
place them by the linking words from the table below.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jim
who writes:
1 would like my job to be creative. I can draw well and I would like to become
a designer. What about you ? Do you like creative activities? Can you draw
or sing or play any musical instrument? If not, what would you like to learn ?
Would you like your job to be related to creative work ?
Write a letter to Jim.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about the university he wants to enter
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Sochi
Russia
15th June, 2012
Dear Jim,
Thank you for your letter. It’s great to receive your letter and learn
about your news!
You’re interested in my attitude towards creative activities. I’m fond
of playing the piano. It’s a wonderful hobby! In addition, I can develop
my imagination and creativity due to this activity. Moreover, I compose
pieces of music. Though I have to practice a lot and it takes me a lot of
time, I enjoy it. As a result, I participate in different contests successfully.
My teachers advise me to enter the conservatory. I agree because I like cre-
ativity. What’s more, it gives me a possibility to create musical works.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 153 |
Well, have you chosen the university to enter? Where is it situated? Is it
difficult to enter it?
I must help my father. Take care!
Best wishes,
Igor
46. Read the following letters. Complete them with appropriate linking
words.
Letter I.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Betty
who writes:
My mother usually tells me that when I grow up, I’ll begin to understand
her better. I disagree because my parents don’t want to understand me. For
example, [refuse to go to the camp because none of my friends will be there.
... What about you ? Do your parents understand you ? What is the main cause
of your arguments ? How do you usually solve your problems ?
Write a letter to Betty.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her plans for summer
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Stavropol Russia 17th November, 2012 Dear Betty, I’m glad to get your letter. Sorry, 1 couldn’t an- swer at once (1)... I was busy with my training. In your letter you ask me about my parents and our relations. (2)... we sometimes have quarrels, we get on well. (3)... we usually discuss different things. (4)..., we like to spend time together. We sometimes argue about my clothes (5)... 1 always wear jeans and a T-shirt. (6)..., I explain my viewpoint and they try to understand me.	As a result of it Although As On the other hand What’s more Because
154 | Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Well, what do you want to do in summer? Are you going to travel? Would you like to go to the seaside? I must go to the library. Write back soon! Best wishes, Arina	
Letter 2.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Susan
who writes:
Last month I went to my granny and spent a lot of time with my cousin. We
have little in common. 1 like sports but she is not interested in them. 1 find
dancing boring but she is keen on it. What hobbies do you find interesting or
boring? Does it get on your nerves when people don’t share your interests?
How do you spend time with your cousin ?
Write a letter to Susan.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her attitude towards modem technologies
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Izhevsk Russia 21/11/2012 Dear Susan, It’s great to get your letter! It’s a pity you don’t get on well with your cousin! My cousin lives in Perm. We see each other in sum- mer. We also have little in common (1) ... we like to spend time together. (2) ..., we usually go to the park or to the cafe. (3) ..., we have a lot of topics to discuss. (4)..., I’m fond of reading and learning foreign lan- guages (5)... 1 like to think about characters and I want to read books in the original. (6) ..., my cousin is keen on sports and travelling. Of course, it doesn’t get on my nerves if people have different interests!	because in spite of it On the contrary Besides In addition What’s more
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation j 155 |
By the way, are you interested in modem technolo- gies? Have you got a computer? What is the most im- portant device for you? Take care! Best wishes, Igor	
Letter 3.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Sara
who writes:
It’s a very hard time for me now. I’m preparing for the exams. I’m so tired
and nervous. What about you ? What do you feel when you ’re preparing for
the exams ? What is the best way for you to revise for the exams ? Do you think
exams are a good way to test pupils ’ knowledge ?
Write a letter to Sara.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the exams she is going to take.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Penza Russia 22nd December, 2012 Dear Margaret, Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to get it! I wish you good luck with your exams! As for me, I get very nervous when I’m preparing for my exams! (1) ..., I can’t sleep well (2) ... night- mares. (3) ..., I’m sure that you know how to concen- trate and they help to check your possibilities. (4) ..., the best way to revise for the exams is to write down the main concepts of the topics, definitions, etc. (5) ..., I like to do tests on-line. To my mind, exams are neces- sary and it’s an effective way to check up our know- ledge. (6)... it’s really difficult to prepare forthem!	due to What’s more Besides On the other hand Though Furthermore
156 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the I1th-Year Students
What exams are you preparing for? When will you take them? Are you nervous about them? Write back soon! With love, Marina	
В письме ты можешь выразить различные чувства и эмоции, например,
радость, сожаление, недовольство, извинение, желание, благодарность,
раздражение и т.п. Для этого могут быть использованы соответствующие
фразы, принятые в стране изучаемого языка.
47. Read the following phrases. Divide them into the following groups.
Dislike	Apology	Needs/desires	Gratitude	Pleasure
				
1.	I’m not comfortable about/with ... 2.	I’m very keen to ... 3.	I would like to ... 4.	Thank you very much for... 5.	Unfortunately ... 6.	... is too + adjective 7.	I’m grateful to you for... 8.	I was delightful about... 9.	What I’m looking for is ... 10.	I appreciated ... 11.	... is not what I expected/was expecting 12.	I’m sorry that... 13.	I regret that... 14.	Please forgive me for... 15.	... was very impressive... 16.... was enjoyable. 17. I’m unhappy about... 18. I don’t like ...				
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 157 |
48. Complete the letter using the phrases from the table above. Define
their communicative role.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Andrew
who writes:
My friend is very reliable and kind. He always supports me and tries to do
his best to help me. If you have a problem, who do you usually ask for help ?
. When did you offer help to your friend or acquaintance last time? Did the
person accept it?
Write a letter to Andrew.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his classmates.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Tuapse
Russia
27th November, 2012
Dear Andrew,
Thank you for your letter. I was glad to learn about your friend. I’m
sure it’s really important to help each other!
I’d like to tell you about my aunt. She’s much older than me but we get
on well. Besides, she’s so optimistic! That’s why if I have a problem, she’s
a person I do ask for help! What’s more, her advice is usually wise and I’m
grateful to her for it. As for my advice, my classmates sometimes ask me to
help with their studies. Yesterday I offered help my classmate with Maths,
she accepted it and I explained her some formulas after classes.
Well, are your classmates helpful? Do you get on well? Do you organize
any events together?
I’d better go now. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Valera
158 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
The 3rd Criterion of Evaluation
49. A. Read the third criterion of evaluation (КЗ).
	Языковое оформление текста
2	Используемый словарный запас и грамматические структуры соот- ветствуют поставленной задаче; орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки практически отсутствуют (допускается не более 2-х негрубых лексико-грамматических ошибок или/и не более 2-х негрубых орфо- графических и пунктуационных ошибок)
1	Имеются лексические и грамматические ошибки, не затрудняющие понимания текста; имеются орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки, не затрудняющие коммуникации (допускается не более 4-х негрубых лексико-грамматических ошибок или/и не более 4-х негрубых орфографических и пунктуационных ошибок)
0	Понимание текста затруднено из-за множества лексико-грамматиче- ских ошибок
В. Read the letter. State if it satisfies the requirements of the third
criterion of evaluation (КЗ). Tick the right statements below.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tom
who writes:
Yesterday I went to a book shop. It’s one of my favourite places. I can spend
hours just browsing' among books there. ... What about you? Do you like
looking through books in a bookshop? Why or why not? What’s your favou-
rite novel? What’s more important for you in a novel: the characters or the
plot?
By the way, we would like to take part in the geographical quiz show...
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about the geographical quiz show.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
1 Browse — пролистывать, проглядывать; скользить взглядом.
The 3rd Criterion of Evaluation | 159
Armavir
Russia
4/12/2012
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to get it.
I agree with you that it’s a pleasure to turn over the pages of a book in
a book shop when choosing it. Besides, you can read the fragments and
look at the pictures. As for my favourite novel, it is “One Hundred Years
of Solitude” by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It’s about the Buendia family
who lives in South America. The novel is full of mysterious events and the
characters have magical abilities. I think that the most important thing in
a novel is its plot because it helps us to follow the characters and analyze
their behaviour.
Well, are you going to take part in the quiz show? What tasks will there
be in the show? Where will it take place?
Take care!
Best wishes,
Tanya
The letter
1. has various words and phrases according to the task	Л
2. includes various grammar structures according to the task.	О
3. is written without spelling mistakes.	П
4. is written without punctuation mistakes.	Л
При написании письма необходимо обратить внимание на правильное со-
ставление вопросов, не только на их соответствие теме, представленной в за-
дании, но и грамматическую правильность.
Не забывай о модели вопросительных предложений в английском языке:
ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ
Вспомогательный глагол -> подлежащее -> сказуемое -> ...
СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ
Wh-word -> вспомогательный глагол -> подлежащее -> сказуемое ...
| 160 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
50. Read the news from the letter stimuli. Ask as many questions as
possible for more information.
1.1 decided to stay at home. -> Why did you decide to stay at home ? With
whom did you decide to stay? When did you decide to stay at home?...
2.	Yesterday I went to the cinema. ->
3.	I want to visit my granny next summer.
4.	I participated in our school championship last week.
5.	Last weekend I went to the theatre.
6.	1 want to go in for swimming.
7.1 had a music class yesterday.
8.	I’m going to take my exams next week.
9.	I’ve been to Madrid several times.
10.	All my classmates will take part in the concert.
51.	Put questions to the underlined words. Mind the grammar.
1.	Our school ecological club took part in the activity “Clean Forests”
last week.
2.	1 can always ask my parents for help and they give me advice.
3.	I usually use the Internet to communicate with my friends from dif-
ferent countries.
4.	I do my morning exercises every day because it helps me be fit and
strong.
5.	Last year I visited Moscow.
6.	He’s very good at Maths.
7.	I decided to stay at home because it was raining heavily.
8.	This summer our family is going to spend holidays in Sochi.
9.	My parents have bought me a new lap-top.
10.	My best friend is brave and responsible.
52.	Ask your questions according to the task.
1.	Write a letter to Emma. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her plans for the summer holidays.
The 3rd Criterion of Evaluation | 161 |
2.	Write a letter to Helen. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her school ecological club.
3.	Write a letter to Sam. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about the places of interest in his town.
4.	Write a letter to Nick. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about the person he admires.
5.	Write a letter to Steven. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his problems related to learning a foreign
language.
6.	Write a letter to Ted. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his best friend.
7.	Write a letter to Eva. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her town.
| 162 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the Ilth-Year Students
8.	Write a letter to Andrew. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his favourite actor.
9.	Write a letter to David. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his family.
10.	Write a letter to John. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his free time activities.
11.	Write a letter to Alex. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his preparation for the exams.
12.	Write a letter to Max. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his most unforgettable trip.
13.	Write a letter to Daniel. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his favourite book.
The 3rd Criterion of Evaluation | 163
14.	Write a letter to Tim. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his favourite subject at school.
15.	Write a letter to Dan. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his favourite kind of sport.
16.	Write a letter to Nick. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his future profession.
17.	Write a letter to Bob. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his last trip to the seaside.
18.	Write a letter to Jim. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his last visit to a theatre.
19.	Write a letter to Andrew. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his sister’s wedding ceremony.
164 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
20.	Write a letter to Henry. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about his football competition.
21.	Write a letter to Caroline. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her preferences in clothes.
22.	Write a letter to Julia. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her pets.
23.	Write a letter to Susan. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her attitude towards modem technologies.
24.	Write a letter to Flavia. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her attitude towards babysitting.
25.	Write a letter to Mary. In your letter
— ask 3 questions about her preferences in food.
The 3rd Criterion of Evaluation | 165 |
Обрати внимание на различные типы ошибок, которые относятся к пунк-
туационным в английском языке. Прежде всего, это использование зна-
ков препинания как в конце предложения (точка, вопросительный знак,
восклицательный знак), так и в середине (запятая, тире, точка с запятой).
Особую сложность для изучающих английский язык представляет запятая.
Необходимо быть особенно внимательным при использовании запятой, так
как ее применение существенно отличается от правил пунктуации в русском
языке. Также к пунктуационным ошибкам относятся неправильная поста-
новка апострофа и использование заглавных букв.
53. Read the punctuation rules, match them with the examples.
Запятая ставится после об- стоятельственного придаточно- го предложения, если оно сто- ит в начале предложения перед главным. 2.	Запятая не ставится, если при- даточное предложение следует за главным. 3.	Запятая ставится после ввод- ных слов или выражений для отделения их от остальной части предложения. 4.	Запятая ставится после слова also, стоящего в начале предло- жения для усиления. 5.	Запятая ставится для отделе- ния любой части предложения, содержащей дополнительную информацию. 6.	Запятая не ставится, если часть предложения имеет характер по- яснения или уточнения. 7.	Запятая ставится при перечис- лении однородных определений.	A.	By the way, I will go to the campsite in July. В.	I helped my mother about the house when I came home. C.	The village we had rest last year is situated at the seaside. D.	He will take part in the con- cert, too. She didn’t come to the party, either. E.	Yesterday I met Jane, who told me she had passed her exams successfully. E When I came home, I helped my mother about the house. G.	We bought pink, red, yellow, green and blue balloons for her birthday party. H.	She is a doctor, isn’t she? I.	Also, we decided to apologize to him.
166 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
8. Запятая ставится в раздели- тельных вопросах для отделения вопросительной части. 9. Запятая ставится перед словами too и either в значении «тоже»/ «также».	
54.	A. Read the following fragments from students' writing. Each of
them has a particular punctuation problem. Match the fragments
with the punctuation problems.
A.	Commas
B.	Apostrophes
C.	Capital letters
D.	Punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence
1.	What a wonderful day it is today In the morning when I was going
to school, I met my teacher of Literature and she said that I had won the
contest of essays It’s unbelievable Have you ever taken part in any contests
or competitions
2.	Of course, my favourite subject at school is english. it’s so wonder-
ful to know it. besides, 1 want to study french or Spanish, my friend helen
advises me to take up Spanish, she was in spain last year and she is delighted
with it! i would like to go to barcelona.
3.	In your letter you asked me about my plans for the summer. First of
all I’m going to find a part-time job. If I earn a little money I’ll go to the
seaside with my friends. Besides I’d like to visit my Granny in August but I
haven’t decided yet. I’ve forgotten to tell you about Helen the girl I met last
year at the campsite. We made friends. What’s more we wrote letters to each
other during the year and she’s going to come to me in July.
4.	Im happy to get your letter. Sorry, I havent answered you earlier be-
cause I was busy at school. Guess what? My cousin came to me yesterday.
Shes so nice and weve got a lot in common. My cousins favourite hobby is
taking pictures. Shell take pictures in the mountains. The scenery is so pic-
turesque there!
B. Correct the mistakes.
Writing Practice | 167
Writing Practice
Letter 1.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Nick
who writes:
I can’t imagine my life without my mobile phone. At the same time, I don’t
like to write text messages. What do you prefer more: to speak on the phone
or to send a message ? Do you find sending text messages convenient? Why or
why not? Whom do you send text messages to ?
Write a letter to Nick.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his attitude towards modem technologies.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 2.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Linda
who writes:
My dream is to visit Moscow. Maybe, we’ll go there this summer. ... What is
the capital of your country famous for? Does it attract a lot of visitors? Why?
Which capital would you like to spend a weekend in ?
By the way, we went to the mountains last month...
Write a letter to Linda.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her trip to the mountains.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 3.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tom
who writes:
Yesterday my classmates and I organized a discussion. We had to answer
what we would do in 10 years’ time. What about you? Where do you think
| 168 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
you will work in such period of time? What city will you live in and why?
What goals do you plan to achieve?
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about the university he wants to enter.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 4.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jenny
who writes:
/ like to visit my aunt. She is a nice person. Though she is 12years older than
me, we can talk for hours and discuss problems we ’re worried about. ...And
you ? Do you have anyone who is very close to you ? What attracts you to this
person ? Do you have anything in common ?
Write a letter to Jenny.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her aunt’s hobbies.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 5.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Greg
who writes:
All my classmates are preparing for April Fool’s Day now. It’s a funny day
and people play practical jokes on each other. Do you have the similar holi-
day in Russia ? How do you celebrate it? What was the funniest joke you or
yourfriends played on one another?
By the way, we took part in the ecological action “Clean City ’’yesterday.
Write a letter to Greg.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about the ecological action.
Writing Practice | 169 |
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 6.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Ben
who writes:
My friends and I often spend time together. Sometimes we stay at home and
watch TV or surf the Net. Other days we go out.
When did you go out with your friends last time ? Where did you go ? Did you
enjoy yourselves ? Why or why not?
By the way, I had a very difficult Maths test yesterday.
Write a letter to Ben.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his Maths test.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 7.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Julia
who writes:
My mother can cook tasty dishes. We enjoy eating them. Sometimes we go
out for dinner and I noticed that the food was disgusting there!
What are the worst and the best dishes you’ve ever tasted? Have you ever eat-
en foodfrom other countries ? What types of food are popular in your country ?
Write a letter to Julia.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her eating habits.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 8.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Tina
who writes:
170 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
We are planning our summer holidays now and we can’t decide what kind
of tour to choose. What do you prefer: a sightseeing tour, a beach holiday or
a camping holiday? Why? Where did you go last summer? Where are you
going to spend your holiday this year?
By the way, I’ve joined our school cinema club.
Write a letter to Tina.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the school cinema club.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 9
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Mar-
garet who writes:
I live in a small quiet town where there are a lot of old buildings and nice
parks. ... What does your town or village look like ? What are the people like
there? What would you like to change in it?
Write a letter to Margaret.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about recreational facilities in her town.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter 10.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Helen
who writes:
My sister began to go school yesterday. On the first school day all my family
accompanied her to school and it was a happy day for all of us.
... What can you remember about your first day at school ? What emotions did
you have ? What did your first teacher look like ?
Write a letter to Helen.
In your letter
— answer her questions
Expert Practice | 171
— ask 3 questions about her little sister.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Expert Practice
Analyze the following personal letters according to the criteria of evalu-
ation. Complete the table. Discuss strong and weak points of the letters.
	СХЕМА ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1.	Решение коммуникативной задачи (2 балла)										
	Даны полные ответы на три задан- ных вопроса.										
	Правильно выбрано обращение, за- вершающая фраза и подпись.										
	Есть благодарность, упоминание о предыдущих контактах, выражена надежда на будущие контакты.										
2.	Организация текста (2 балла)										
	Текст логично выстроен и разделен на абзацы.										
	Правильно использованы языковые средства для передачи логической связи.										
	Оформление текста соответствует нормам.										
3.	Языковое оформление текста (2 балла)										
	Используемый словарный запас и грамматические структуры соот- ветствуют поставленной задаче.										
	Орфографические и пунктуацион- ные ошибки практически отсут- ствуют.										
172 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Pamela
who writes:
My mum pays a lot of attention to the healthy style of life. She eats only
healthy food. She doesn’t eatfastfood, but I do! I disagree with her. I think if
you eat fast food once or twice a month, nothing will happen to your health.
What’s your opinion about it? What do you prefer: fast food or home-made
food and why? Have you ever cookedfor yourself?
Oh, I’ve forgotten to say to you that we ’re going to organize a cooking contest!
Write a letter to Pamela.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the cooking contest.
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Letter J.
Anapa
Russia
18th March, 2012
Dear Pamela,
Thanks for your letter. It’s wonderful that your mum cares for the
health.
As for me, I’m sure that healthy food is very important for our body.
It is very harmful to eat fast food. I don’t eat fast food and I think that I’ll
never eat it. I prefer home-made food. My mother cooks tasty dishes and I
like her cookies and pizzas. Of course, I can cook a little. I usually prepare
fried eggs when I’m hungry.
As for your cooking contest, what dishes are you going to cook? Where
will it take place? Are you going to participate in it?
Sorry, I have to do my homework. Write back soon.
All the best,
Sasha
Expert Practice | 173 |
Letter 2.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
21st May 2012
Dear Pamela,
Thanks for your recent letter. 1 was happy to get it! What a wonder-
ful idea to organize a cooking contest!
I think that you can sometimes eat fast food. It doesn’t do harm to your
health. I prefer home-made food because it is useful and tasty. But some-
times you can eat fast food, it’s very tasty too, but it isn’t useful. As for me,
I rarely cook for myself because my mother cooks for me.
By the way, who will take part in your cooking contest? How will the
contest be organized? What prize will the winner get?
I’m sorry I must go to the swimming pool. Keep in touch!
All the best,
Seva
Letter 3.
Moscow
Russia
21st March, 2012
Dear Pamela,
Thank you for your letter. I was so happy to get it. Sorry, I haven’t writ-
ten you for so long because I’ve been busy at school.
In your letter you ask me about eating habits. So I agree with your opin-
ion that fast food is not dangerous if you don’t often eat it. As for me, I
prefer home-made food because it is tastier and healthier. I often cook for
my family and myself especially when I want to help my mother. What’s
more, I can cook wonderful salads.
What about your cooking contest? Why do you want to hold it? What
will the programme of the contest be? How many contestants will take
part in it?
Anyway, I must go and get on with my work. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Ksenia
174 | Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Letter 4.
Stavropol
Russia
30th September, 2012
Dear Pamela,
I was so happy to receive your letter! Thank you very much! Sorry, I
didn’t answer you at once because I was busy with my tasks.
In your letter you ask me about my preferences in food. I agree with
your opinion. Fast food can’t be dangerous for our health if we seldom
eat it. Of course, 1 prefer home-made food but sometimes I can go to the
fast food restaurant. I like home-made food because my mother cooks best
of all and her dishes are the tastiest food in the world! That’s why, I’ve never
cooked.
Well, when will the contest take place? I’d like to take part in it! Take
care and write back soon!
Best wishes,
Paul
Letter 5.
Saratov
Russia
22nd March, 2012
Dear Pamela,
Thank you for your letter. I was happy to get your letter. Sorry, I
couldn’t answer you at once because I was busy with my tests.
You are interested in my opinion about fast food. I agree with you. I
think that though fast food damages our health greatly, if we eat it rarely, it
cannot do harm to our health. As for me, I prefer home-made food because
we can make different dishes but fast food has very monotonous dishes.
Sometimes I cook for myself when my parents are at work. I can make salad
and pudding.
What about your cooking contest? Where will it take place? When
will it be? Who will take part in it?
Sorry, I must revise some formulas for the test. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Artyom
Expert Practice | 175
Letter 6.
Kalinigrad
Russia
25th October, 2012
Dear Pamela,
Thank you for your letter. How great to receive your letter!
Healthy lifestyle is really very important! You shouldn’t eat fast food
because you can fall ill. You should listen to your mother’s recommenda-
tion and should choose healthy food which is very important for your body!
As for me, I prefer home-made food because I take care of my health and
besides I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. I usually make breakfast for myself
because my parents’ work begins very early. The best dish I can prepare is
pizza.
By the way, why have you decided to organize the cooking contest?
What are you going to cook for it? How many contestants want to partici-
pate?
It’s time to go to the gym. Write back soon!
All the best,
Vanya
Letter 7.
Smolensk
Russia
23rd March, 2012
Dear Pamela,
I’m so happy to get your letter.
In my opinion, food must be useful and healthy and it mustn’t dam-
age your bode. That’s why you shouldn’t eat fast food. Your mum is right.
I think that home-made food is better than fast food because it is safe and
you know how it was cooked. You may not be afraid that you have a food
poisoning. Of course, I can cook and I like learning how to cook different
dishes. Sometimes my mother teaches me.
Well, I’m interested in your cooking contest. What rules does the con-
test have? What will you cook? How many people will take part in it?
Write back soon!
All the best,
Elina
176 I Personal Letters. State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
Letter 8.
Saratov
Russia
23/3/2012
Dear Pamela,
I was glad to get your letter. It’s a pity you have arguments with your
mum about food habits.
You ask me about fast food. In my opinion, if you often eat fast food,
you will have problems with your health. At the same time, fast food is de-
licious, that’s why a lot of teenagers like it. I try to eat fast food rarely. In
general, I like home-made food but when I’m hungry, I can eat hamburgers
or cheeseburgers. Sometimes I cook for myself but it seldom happens. Last
time I made a salad when my parents were out.
By the way, when will you organize the contest? How many people will
participate in it? What prize will the winner get?
Give my regards to your mum! Take care!
All the best,
Ilya
Letter 9.
Kirov,
Russia
Dear Pamela,
I’m very happy to get your letter. I’m very glad to know your news.
In your letter you ask me about my opinion related to your situation. 1
don’t like fast food but I like home-made food because it is better, healthier
and it doesn’t contain a lot of fats. When you eat home-made food you
don’t gain weight. That’s why, I don’t share your opinion. I think that fast
food causes a lot of harm to the health and people get overweight. 1 often
cook for myself. I’d like to take part in your contest.
Sorry, I must help my mother in the garden.
All the best,
Arina
Expert Practice | 177 |
Letter 10.
Russia
24/03/2012
Dear Pamela,
It was nice to get your letter. I’m sorry I haven’t written for so long
because I’ve been very busy at school!
In your letter you asked me about what kind of food I prefer. Today fast
food is very popular and saves time for busy people. As for me, I agree with
your mum that fast food is not healthy completely. That’s why I eat only
home-made food which my grandmother and I prepare because it’s healthy
and it’s made from organic products. But different people have different
opinions!
And what about your cooking contest? What dishes are you going
to prepare? What kind of rules does it have? How many people will take
part in it?
Anyway, I’d better go now. My mother is calling me! Write back soon!
Take care,
Ksenia
OPINION ESSAYS
ESSENTIAL ESSAY FEATURES
1. Read the task and answer the questions.
Task:	Questions:
Comment on the following state- ment. Some people think that extreme sports help to build character. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words. Use the following plan: — make an introduction (state the problem) — express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion — express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this oppos- ing opinion — explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion — make a conclusion restating your position1.	1.	What should you comment? 2.	Is this statement controversial? 3.	What points of views can you name? 4.	What parts does the plan consist of? 5.	How many parts are there in it? 6.	What do you include in the in- troduction? 7.	Should you explain your own point of view in the first para- graph? 8.	Where (in what part) should you explain your point of view? 9.	How many reasons should you give? 10.	Should you explain an opposing opinion? 11.	How many reasons for the op- posing opinion should you give? 12.	Should you disagree with the opposing opinion?
1 Демонстрационный вариант контрольных измерительных материалов
единого государственного экзамена 2012 года по английскому языку. Режим
доступа: http://www.fipi.ru/view/sections/222/docs/578.html
Essential Essay Features | 179
Task:	Questions:
	13. What should you include in the conclusion? 14. How many words should you write?
Attention!
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания С2
Прн выполнение задания С2 «Письменное высказывание с элементами рас-
суждения необходимо учитывать пять критериев оценивания:
— решение коммуникативной задачи (К.1),
— организация текста (К2),
— лексика (КЗ),
— грамматика (К4),
— орфография и пунктуация (К5).
2.	Read the list of the essential essay features. Compare them with your
answers in exercise 1.
An opinion essay
1.	has an introduction which states the problem;
2.	has the writer’s opinion;
3.	supports the writer’s opinion with clear and convincing arguments;
4.	shows the opposing opinion;
5.	explains the reasons to disagree with the opposing opinion;
6.	states the writer’s opinion in the conclusion;
7.	uses linking words to connect the ideas;
8.	uses a formal style;
9.	is between 200 and 250 words.
3.	Read the following essay. Does it satisfy the essential essay features
(Ex.2)?_______________________________________________________________
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that extreme sports help to build character.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
| 180 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
Use the following plan:
—	make an introduction (state the problem)
—	express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
—	express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
—	explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
—	make a conclusion restating your position
Sports are considered to be an important part of our life. There are
different kinds of sport and among them are swimming, running, jump-
ing, skating, skiing, etc. It is important to note that dangerous sports, for
example, windsurfing or rock-climbing are becoming more popular nowa-
days. How can we explain such interest to extreme sports? Some people
believe that our character depends on the activities we practice. That is why
extreme sports strengthen personality. Others believe that there are other
ways to develop our character.
To my mind, it is a real delusion that extreme sports help people to
build their character. Firstly, they are very dangerous and people can die
practising them. Secondly, these sports develop only such qualities as cour-
age and strength but a character of any person includes other features, too.
Thirdly, the influence of extreme sports on our character is very doubtful as
they are related only to dangerous situations.
However, some people consider that extreme sports are the best method
to mature character. They believe that if you practice these activities, you
are ready to face any problems and you are not afraid of them. Maybe it is
true; but 1 think that dangers related to extreme sports are evident and they
can cause terrible consequences.
To conclude, 1 would like to emphasize that people should understand
risks when they go in for extreme sports. Besides, they can discover other
methods to develop their character if they want to become strong and brave.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 181
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation
Attention!
Первый критерий оценивания выполнения задания С2 «Решение коммуни-
кативной задачи»
Для того чтобы развернутое письменное высказывание соответствовало дан-
ному критерию, содержание сочинения должно включать все компоненты,
указанные в задании:
—	make an introduction (state the problem)
—	express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
—	express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
—	explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
—	make a conclusion restating your position
4. Read the following essays to decide if their contents satisfy the com-
municative task. Complete the table.
	Essay 1	Essay 2	Essay 3
make an introduction (state the problem)			
express your personal opinion and give 2— 3 reasons for your opinion			
express an opposing opinion and give 1— 2 reasons for this opposing opinion			
explain why you don’t agree with the oppos- ing opinion			
make a conclusion restating your position			
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that good manners are something invariable. Others think
that they change.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
—	make an introduction (state the problem)
—	express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
182 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Some people think that our modern world is very rude and good man-
ners do not exist. It is not true because we can find a lot of examples of
politeness in daily life. I am sure that this opinion refers to people of elderly
generation. What do good manners include? Are they invariable? Do they
change?
I think that good manners are changeable. Firstly, the development of
our society influences greatly our behavior and changes the rules of con-
duct. First of all, I would like to mention our correspondence and its rules
which have changed greatly since people began to use the Internet. Besides,
young people are not as polite as the elderly. Finally, we can give an example
of formal language. People are more emotional now and they do not use
strict formulas of politeness which were popular 30 years ago.
However, we can find the opinion that good manners do not change.
People think that our attitude to good manners does not change and we like
to speak to polite people as our grandparents did. At the same time, 1 do
not agree with this opinion because it is not based on the development of
our society. 1 am sure that good manners depend on the status of society.
To conclude, 1 would like to stress that good manners represent an es-
sential part of our behavior. They help us to communicate to other people
and have good relationships with them. I think that the development of our
society has a great influence on our manners.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that alternative therapy is a very effective way to cure ill-
nesses.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 183
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Nowadays a lot of people suffer from different illnesses. They use differ-
ent ways and methods to cure themselves. Some of them help patients, oth-
ers do not. So we can ask what the most effective treatment is. It is difficult
to find the answer. Some people think that it is necessary to go to hospitals
when you are ill. Others disagree because you can use different kinds of
treatment including alternative therapy and find the best for you.
As for me, I am sure that our health is very fragile and it is necessary
to go to doctors and special medical centers if you are ill. I am against the
alternative therapy because it is not helpful and people can die if they resort
to the help of alternative treatment. Some people disagree, so they choose
alternative therapy when they are ill. I do not think that it is a good idea
because it is not effective and it is based on our psychology. When we think
that the therapy is good, we believe in it and it may help us to recover.
To conclude, I would like to note that everyone should make his own
decision what kind of treatment to choose. It is our personal choice. My
opinion is to attend doctors or go to hospital. We can find real treatment
there which is based on scientific research and deep knowledge.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think, that children should be taught many practical skills at
school. For example, managing finances, cookery or giving first aid. Oth-
ers believe that the main purpose of school is to provide schoolchildren with
knowledge in different fields of science.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
184 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
School is an essential part of the modem educational system. Children
are taught different subjects which form their knowledge and prepare chil-
dren for their future. One of the most serious problems related to school
education is defining its content. What kind of knowledge do pupils need?
What is more important: scientific knowledge in different fields or practi-
cal skills?
Pupils should be prepared for their future. They must learn a lot of
things and sometimes they do not know if they will need them in the future.
That is why it is necessary to choose the basic themes carefully. I think that
pupils need a lot of practical skills. For example, they should study such
subjects as cooking or carpentry. Besides, pupils must prepare for getting
higher education that is why they study such subjects as chemistry or biol-
ogy. If pupils didn’t learn them they couldn’t enter the university. Besides,
they must solve a lot of equations, read works of literature, analyze sums,
etc. That is why pupils have difficulties, and they spend a lot of time doing
homework.
As a conclusion, I would like to note that teachers must help pupils to
prepare fortheir future and it is necessary to teach both practical skills and
knowledge. It is the main factor of their achievements and success in the
future after they finish school.
5. A. Read the first criterion of evaluation (K1).
Решение коммуникативной задачи	
3 балла	Задание выполнено полностью: содержание отражает все аспекты, указанные в задании; стилевое оформление речи выбрано пра- вильно (соблюдается нейтральный стиль)
2 балла	Задание выполнено: некоторые аспекты, указанные в задании, раскрыты не полностью; имеются отдельные нарушения стиле- вого оформления речи при делении текста на абзацы
1 балл	Задание выполнено не полностью: содержание отражает не все ас- пекты, указанные в задании; нарушения стилевого оформления речи встречаются достаточно часто
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 185 |
0 баллов	Задание не выполнено: содержание не отражает тех аспектов, которые указаны в задании, или/и не соответствует требуемому объёму, или/и более 30% ответа имеет непродуктивный характер (т.е. текстуально совпадает с опубликованным источником или другими экзаменационными работами)
B. Read the following essay. Determine if it satisfies the require-
ments.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that only one global language can provide efficient inter-
national communication.
What is your opinioil? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
—	make an introduction (state the problem)
—	express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
—	express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
—	explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
—	make a conclusion restating your position
Nowadays we can observe the processes of globalization which affects
different aspects of our life including languages. A lot of people are sure
that it is necessary to choose a global language and use it for international
communication. Others disagree because it will cause the extinction of na-
tional languages and different cultures can be affected by this process.
I believe that the idea of one global language is worth consideration.
First of all, it will profit international economy and politics. Secondly, the
establishment of one language will give people an opportunity to travel and
communicate with foreigners without difficulties. Finally, a global language
will promote global cooperation because speaking the same language makes
people closer psychologically.
However, there are opponents of this idea. Some scientists believe that
the spreading of one global language will cause the disappearance of other
languages. But in my opinion, even after the establishment of one interna-
tional language linguists would be able to reduce this threat.
| 186 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
A lot of modern scientists express their desire to found a global lan-
guage. But some people consider this idea as being dangerous for national
languages of their countries. Nevertheless, the creation of such a language
would give great opportunities for international cooperation and will favour
the development of economy, industry and culture.
6. Read the following tasks. Add some details to the plan of the essays1.
1. Comment on the following statement. Some people say that an old friend is worth two new ones. Others think that it is important to make new friends. What is your opinion? Write 200—250 words.	
Use the following plan:	State it in concrete terms:
- make an introduction (state the problem)	
- express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion	
- express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this oppos- ing opinion	
- explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion	
- make a conclusion restating your position	
1 При выполнении данного задания мы не рекомендуем писать эссе пол-
ностью, учащимся предлагается составить подробный план каждого пункта,
представленного в задании.
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation | 187 |
2. Comment on the following statement. Some people say that New Year is a family holiday and the best way to cel- ebrate it is with your family. Others prefer to rejoice it in different places such as restaurants or nightclubs. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	
Use the following plan:	State it in concrete terms:
— make an introduction (state the problem)	
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion	
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this oppos- ing opinion	
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion	
— make a conclusion restating your position	
3. Comment on the following statement. Some people think that pupils should wear uniform in school. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	
Use the following plan:	State it in concrete terms:
— make an introduction (state the problem)	
- express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion	
| 188 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
— express an opposing opinion and give 1 —2 reasons for this oppos- ing opinion	
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion	
— make a conclusion restating your position	
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph
Вступление — важная часть письменной работы, это первое впечатление
об уровне развития речи и о способностях выражать мысли в письменной
форме. Необходимо помнить, что «а good beginning makes a good ending».
Во вступлении необходимо сформулировать проблему. Начало эссе дол-
жно включать общую тему (the main topic), затрагиваемую в работе, а так-
же демонстрировать контрастирующие точки зрения (the controversial points
of view), одна из которых станет основой для представления собственной
точки зрения.
Важно соблюдать необходимый объем письменной работы: 1 абзац —
50—60 слов.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph j 189 |
7. Read the following tasks and introductions. Do they include all the
elements mentioned above?
1. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people think that school holi- days are too long and it is neces- sary to shorten them. What is your opinion? Write 200—250 words.	Pupils have a lot of responsibilities nowadays. During the school year they take part in different activities, do a lot of homework, take exams and so on. Therefore, they need a good rest after such a stressful period. Nevertheless, when holidays begin, pupils sometimes do not know what to do. Some people doubt if pupils should have very long holidays. At the same time, other people are sure that school holidays are the time for pu- pils’ favourite activities.
2. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people think that secondary school is the best period to choose your future job. Others claim that children are not mature enough to make the right choice. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	The choice of a future career always presents some difficulties for teenag- ers. They think about different jobs, analyze their interests and possibili- ties and ask for their parents’ advice. What is the best time to choose a job? Some people believe that it is necessary to do it when you study at school. Others are sure that pupils do not know a lot and they need time to define their preferences related to the job.
3. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that on-line communication is a very conve- nient and effective form to ex- change information. Others dis- agree because people have lost face-to-face interaction.	Nowadays the usage of computers has become an important aspect of peo- ple’s lives. These devices are used in different fields and for different pur- poses. For example, people use com- puters for chatting, writing letters, counting, searching for information, etc. A lot of us prefer to chat on-line because it is very comfortable. You
190 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
What is your opinion? Write 200—250 words.	can stay at home and be in touch with all your friends simultaneously.
4. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that teenag- ers shouldn’t go out after 10 p. m. without their parents. Others be- lieve that teenagers are self-reliant people and they want to be inde- pendent of their parents. What is your opinion? Write 200—250 words.	To my mind, teenagers should ex- plain to their parents that they are in- dependent and that they want to go for a walk or meet friends and spend time with them. I am sure that par- ents shouldn’t accompany their chil- dren late in the evening. If I go to my friend’s birthday and it finishes after 10 p. m., I usually go home by taxi. I think that I am rather mature enough to walk at night and I want to be in- dependent.
5. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that handi- craft which means particular skills performed with the hands, such as weaving, pottery, refers to old-fash- ioned hobbies. Others believe that such activities are interesting and useful and they can’t be defined as outdated. What is your opinion? Write 200—250 words.	People are fond of different hobbies which depend on their tastes and preferences. Sometimes we are sur- prised because people spend their free time creating wonderful things such as toys, vases, jewelry, etc. Why do they practice these activities? Some people think that people should spend time on other more interesting hobbies which are not so outdated. Others consider that you can be inter- ested in handicraft if you are creative and it is your choice.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 191
8. The main topic of the essay. Read the tasks below. Determine the
main topic for each of them using the words in the table. Sometimes
you can choose more than one.
The main topic
free time, reading, work, computers, mutual comprehension, relationship
between parents and children, appearance, computer games, extreme sports,
money, stereotypes, fashion, international cooperation, modern technologies,
first impressions, pocket money, features of modern society, teenagers’ hobbies
and interests, books, clothes, teenagers and their wishes, nationalities, culture,
danger, cultural peculiarities of different nations.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that teenagers spend too much free time playing com-
putergames. Others think that computer games are an important feature of
our society and it is impossible to imagine young people without them.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Teenagers should have a part-time job. They can earn money for their daily
expenses so that they don’t have to ask their parents for it.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Young people prefer science-fiction books and romantic stories to classical
authors because they don’t want to think about serious things such as the
meaning of life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
192 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that Russian people are frank and hospitable, English
people are conservative, Germans are punctual, etc. Others believe that these
qualities are our stereotypes and there is no need to judge a man according
to his nationality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that extreme sports should be banned because of the
high injury risk. Others believe that going in for them is a personal choice, a
person is aware of all risks.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
6.
Comment on the following statement.
A lot of national traditions (for example, Halloween or St. Valentine's Day)
have become too commercial and people are encouraged to spend a lot of
money on needless things.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
7.
Comment on the following statement.
It is well-known that as far as first impressions are concerned, clothes mat-
ter; that’s why some people dress according to fashion and buy a lot of new
clothes each season. Others are sure that you should choose the clothes you
like no matter if they are trendy or not.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 193 |
B.	Read the first sentences below, determine the main topic and
match them with each task (there is more than one fragment for
each task).
A.	Modem teenagers differ from young people who lived twenty years
ago. They have different interests and hobbies which sometimes cause mis-
understanding.
B.	The adrenaline rush is the main reason that makes people go in for
extreme sports, but I would like to ask the question if these sports are worth
practicing?
C.	People all over the world are different because they are from differ-
ent countries and of different nationalities but at the same time they have
one thing in common: they are people of the world.
D.	Young people want to be independent of their parents and they be-
gin to work because they do not have enough money for their needs.
E.	People don’t often pay attention to the importance of stereotypes
and their influence on our behavior.
E Nowadays a lot of parents give their children money for their needs
but some children prefer to find a work and get their own money.
G.	A modern person can find a great variety of books but his own
choice depends on his interests and wishes, as we know tastes differ.
H.	People have different attitudes about their life and some of them
think about their health and avoid dangerous situations; however, others
are very risky and are not afraid to be injured.
I.	The psychology of young people is very complicated and sometimes
they behave strangely. For example, they can be afraid of daily problems or
they can analyze their personality and its features.
J.	Nowadays a lot of people want to be rich and they use different ways
to earn money. The main cause of it is their thirst for money.
K.	Every culture has its own traditions and omens which are passed
on from one generation to another. They are considered symbolic for the
whole nation.
L.	Our image depends on our appearance that is why a lot of people pay
great attention to their clothes.
M.	Different people have different views on the clothes. For example,
some of us like stylish clothes, other people are fond of practical and com-
fortable things and others have their own preferences not related to fashion.
194 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
N.	Nowadays we can observe the development of advanced technolo-
gies and people cannot imagine their life without technical devices that is
why the image of teenagers is related to the computers.
9. A. The first sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph. It in-
cludes all the other sentences which help to support the main idea.
Determine the topic sentence for each paragraph.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is necessary to follow and keep family traditions.
Others disagree considering them outdated and old-fashioned.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
a.	As a rule, families consist of representatives of different generations.
b.	Some people believe that these relations are very important because the
elder generation passes on traditions which help to develop the family.
c.	Family is the smallest part of our society which plays a very important
role nowadays.
d.	Others consider that it is not essential and members of the family can
grow tired of traditions.
e.	Parents usually teach their children.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that a healthy style of life is a popular fad nowadays.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
a.	Some people are sure that it is important to lead a fit way of life and it
makes a person healthier.
b.	Others believe that such enthusiasm is only a trend and people do not
really understand the importance of healthy style._________________
c.	A lot of people want to be fit and strong. So they go in for sports, follow
diets, take vitamins, etc._________________________________________
d.	Health is the most important value in our life.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 195
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that parents are directly responsible for their children’s
future. They should help children to avoid problems and difficulties.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words._____________________________________________________
a.	That is why the well being of children is considered to be the main duty
of their parents.________________________________________________________
b.	Teenagers usually face a lot of problems.
c.	At the same time we can find another opinion that not only parents
have such responsibilities.
d.	Parents are the nearest and dearest people who should help their chil-
dren.____________________________________________________________________
e.	They are not prepared for the life and sometimes they do not know how
to behave and how to act in different situations.
B. Give an example of a topic sentence and characterize it. Complete
the following information.
interesting, the topic of a paragraph, the reader, clear, concise
The first sentence of the paragraph introduces .
It hooks . The first sentence of the paragraph is
. It avoids unclear and empty language and clarifies the
main topic. It is because it is rather confusing to read
wordy topic sentences. It is. It captures the reader’s at-
tention and sparks readers’ interest.
10. Read the following sentences. Indicate the irrelevant sentences in
each group.
1. Topic sentence: Different young people choose different places to live. 1. A lot of young people prefer to live in the city.	The third sentence cannot be related to the topic sentence be- cause it doesn’t explain the idea that different people choose dif- ferent places to live.
196 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
2.	Cities provide great opportunities for young people. 3.	You can travel by train. 4.	Life in the country is hard but you can enjoy the calm atmosphere. 5.	Some young people live in the country and help their parents.	
2. Topic sentence: Does our health depend on our psychological state? 1.	Our body is a very complicated system. 2.	It includes our physical body and men- tal sphere which are closely related. 3.	If a person is ill, he can be angry. 4.	Our psychological state greatly influ- ences our health. 5.	When a person is stressed or nervous, different illnesses can appear.	???
3. Topic sentence: People have different eating habits. 1.	Some people are vegetarians and they eat only plant foods. 2.	Others don’t worry about how healthy their food is. 3.	My friend is constantly on a diet be- cause of his health problems. 4.	Besides, eating habits are based on the culture and mentality of the people. 5.	In the North people eat fat food and in the South they prefer spicy dishes and like fish and seafood.	???
4. Topic sentence: What should people do if they want to achieve their goals? 1. Our success depends on a great num- ber of factors.	???
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 197 |
2.	Sometimes people don’t have the will to succeed that’s why they cannot achieve their goals. 3.	It may be surprising but it is necessary to plan your progress. 4.	Another important factor is your con- fidence which is based on realistic and achievable aims. 5.	A lot of achievements were made in the scientific fields last year.	
w‘ ' 	t
Первое предложение в сочинении (the topic sentence) — это введение в тему
эссе. Оно дает общее представление о предмете письменного высказывания.
Тема может быть представлена разными способами:
1)	острая проблема современного общества (Nowadays the Earth faces a number
of serious problems, one of them is related to the environmental pollutions./The
problem of... has been debated in our society./In our modem society young
people face the dilemma of whether to study or to work after graduating from the
school.);
2)	важный элемент современного общества или составная часть нашей
жизни (Television is one of the important parts of our life./It is impossible
to imagine our life without modern technologies./The essential part of our
modem society which provides its development and progress is education.);
3)	риторический вопрос (Should schools have dress code?/Should boys and girls
attend separate schools?);
4)	личностно-ориентированный вопрос (2-ое лицо/ (Have you ever wondered
how traffic jams influence our health? What did you feel when your best friend
didn’t tell you the truth and hid the real reasons of his/her behavior?);
5)	определение или дефиниция (Cinema can be defined as an art of making films
and it has a power to make us cry, laugh, think, change our mind, etc.);
6)	рассуждение (Everyone dreams to be famous and rich, at the same time it
means a lot of restrictions and duties./...).
198 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
11. Turn a discussion question into a topic sentence of the first para-
graph. Give the topic of the essay and take into consideration char-
acteristics of a topic sentence.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
It is necessary to distribute the family budget because it helps to save
money and to plan different purchases.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
People have different attitudes towards family duties. Some of them
think that members of the family should have fixed duties. Others believe
that it is impossible and all the members of the family should do all family
tasks together.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is necessary to divide family duties into two
groups: for women and for men.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is important to improve life in the country by
developing infrastructure and building new houses there. Others consider
that it is useless because young people can’t find necessary conditions there.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn Howto Write Each Paragraph | 199
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that our state of health depends on our humour.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
6.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is necessary to follow and keep family tradi-
tions. Others disagree because they are outdated and old-fashioned.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.

TH
Во вступлении, кроме введения в тему, необходимо представить разные точ-
ки зрения на рассматриваемую проблему. Одной из существенных ошибок
при их демонстрации является дословное повторение текста задания. Важно
перефразировать точки зрения, а не просто переписать их!
При выражении различных точек зрения можно использовать синонимы,
изменять структуру предложений, использовать безличные и неопределен-
но-личные предложения. Важно использовать различные структуры рас-
смотрения мнений разных людей на представленную проблему:
Nowadays some people may hold the opinion that...
Others have a negative attitude to...
Some people might argue that...
Some people hold the idea that...
Others believe that...
Some people maintain the idea that...
Some people warn that...
Some people consider that...
Some people claim that...
Others argue that...
Other people are of the opinion that...
Yet other people putforward the view that...
Обрати внимание! Во вступление не нужно демонстрировать собственную
точку зрения на рассматриваемую проблему — этому посвящен второй абзац.
200 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
12. Match the tasks with the fragments of compositions. Observe the
rules of presenting points of view.
1. Comment on the following state- ment. Kindness and strictness are the most important qualities of a good parent. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	A. Nowadays students have a lot of op- portunities to study. They can choose a university, different courses and study programs. Besides, they can study abroad if they want. Some people think that it is necessary to study in your country. Others consider that foreign universities can offer modem methods of education and students can get bet- ter results.
2. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that a friend- ship can be damaged when friends borrow or lend money to one an- other. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	B. Values are important principles in our life. They represent the most im- portant aspects of human living. Some people hold the idea that social val- ues refer to strict moral principles and they cannot be sold or bought. Others are sure that the main value is money because it provides everything people want.
3. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that music has a great influence on people and it can change their attitude to life. Others doubt proving that it is only a way to relax. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	C. The life of an adult is complicated because every person has a lot of re- sponsibilities and duties. He should possess different features of a charac- ter to be happy in his life. Some people believe that adults should be indepen- dent and confident and these qualities are absent in a child. At the same time, other people arc of the opinion sure that there are other important qualities in an adult and independence and confidence are not so important.
Learn Howto Write Each Paragraph | 201
4. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that it is necessary that students have op- portunities to study abroad. Oth- ers think that the best place to study is your home country. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	D. It is evident that issues related to money are very delicate. Sometimes it may cause problems and misunder- standing. Some people maintain the idea that friends have arguments be- cause of money. Others argue that mo- ney cannot be the cause of the rupture of a friendship.
5. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people believe that comput- ers will replace books in the near future. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	E. Music plays a very important part in our life and it is impossible to imagine our life without it. Some people think that the effect of different kinds of mu- sic on people is great. Others disagree saying that people listen to music when they are tired and it helps them to re- cover energy.
6. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people consider that in- dependence and confidence are qualities of an adult and these features distinguish a grown up from a child. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	E Modern technologies are changing people’s lives and their perception of the world around them. People begin to forget their former favorite activities. But new interests appear. Some people believe that new technologies will de- stroy such people’s hobbies as reading and books will lose their importance. Others are sure that books are an eter- nal value.
7. Comment on the following state- ment. Some people think that there are some things which can’t be	G. A child’s future depends on their parents because they influence their children greatly. That is why parents’ qualities are very important. Some people put forward the view that good
202 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
bought. Others consider that people can buy everything in our world if they have enough money. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	parents should be kind and strict. At the same time, others maintain the idea that these qualities are not so important and name other qualities.
13. Paraphrase the tasks showing different points of view on the problem.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that the climate change we are experiencing nowadays is
a natural process.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people warn that television has a very harmful effect on children.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that people should live in their own houses. Others believe
that living in a block offlats helps people to socialize and to make new friends.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 203 |
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people are sure that pupils should make their own decisions about
which subjects to study. Others disagree proposing that pupils should learn
all the subjects taught at school.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that money is one of the most important indicators of suc-
cess.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
| 204 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
14. Read the following fragments. Analyze their logic using the table
below. Give your recommendations on how to improve the text.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that reading is the most important way to form one’s
personality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
People have always been fond of reading. They have different preferences:
historical novels, detective stories, science-fiction, poetry, etc. It is important
to note that books influence us because we think about different problems
when we read books. That is why books help us to build our character and
they are the main way to do it. At the same time, we can find the opinion
that there are different ways to form a personality and books are one of them.
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses the following aspects presen- ted in the task (make an introduction, state the problem).		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The topic sentence is related to the main topic.		
4. The ideas are well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
6. The paragraph contains all the necessary components. It states the problem and shows controversial points of view.		
Which of these statements show the strengths or weaknesses of the frag-
ment above?
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think, that if you want to achieve your goals, you should concen-
trate on cooperation. Others believe that competition is the real path to success.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 205 ]
Every person does his best to achieve his aims. He usually faces differ-
ent problems. It is evident that we work in a social environment which can
cause troubles. Some people are sure that cooperation is the most effective
way to succeed. Others consider that people should compete if they try to
achieve.
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses all the aspects presented in the task.		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The topic sentence is related to the main topic.		
4. The ideas are well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
6. The paragraph contains all the necessary components. It states the problem and shows controversial points of view.		
Which of these statements show the strengths or weaknesses of the frag-
ment above?
15. Read the following tasks and write the first paragraph of your es-
say. Revise useful tips for writing. Don't forget to have the right
number of words (50-60).
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think, that an ideal world is a world without money.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that zoos are terrible places and it is necessary to ban them.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
206 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that love is more important than a successful career. They
say a person can give up his or her work for a loved one.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that physical appearance has influence on one’s personal-
ity.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that intelligence is the most important quality in order to
be successful in life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Во втором абзаце сочинения необходимо представить собственную точку
зрения. Она основывается на изложенных во вступлении мнениях. Важно
обосновать свой выбор вескими аргументами. Выражение мнения требует
от автора письменной работы умения убеждать, поэтому необходимо очень
внимательно отнестись к выбору аргументов и форме их представления.
Важно соблюдать необходимый объем письменной работы: 2 абзац —
50—60 слов.
16. Read the second paragraph of the essay and match its elements.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is important to devote your time to one activity and
to concentrate on it. Others believe that it is better to channel your efforts and
do several things at the same time.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 207
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To my mind, people should focus on one task. Firstly, I would like to note that it is the main key to success because you should analyze your actions and think only about your main activity. Secondly, you make every effort in order to achieve and complete your task. Thirdly, you can be distracted if you have several things to do and you cannot cope with your job sue- cessfully.	The author’s opinion
	The first argument
	The second argument
	The third argument
17. Read the following fragments of essays. Do they include all the nec-
essary elements? Do the writers' opinions satisfy the requirements
of the task?
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that holidays are vestiges of the past and people don’t
need to celebrate them. Others believe that it is impossible to imagine our life
without holidays and people should keep these traditions.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.__________________________________________________
In my opinion, we should celebrate holidays because they are one of the
most important parts of our culture. 1 also think it is a good chance to
bring some happiness to our houses. Finally, a holiday helps to unite the
whole family.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that television will be replaced by computers and
the Internet soon.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
208 I Opinion Essays. Essentia! Essay Features
First of all, television is a good source of information. You will be well in-
formed about the latest news all the time. Besides, there are a lot of enter-
taining programs which you can watch with your family. Finally, it gives
an opportunity to develop our intelligence especially when such programs
as quiz-shows or intellectual games are on.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that computers have a harmful effect on people and it is
necessary to limit their usage if it is not related to the job or studies.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
In my opinion, computers are the best invention of people. To begin
with, computers have a lot of useful programs. Moreover, they can enter-
tain us. Besides, they do not have bad influence and we can play a lot of
computer games with our friends.
B.	Rewrite the fragments according to the recommendations writ-
ten above.
18.	Ways to express your opinion. Read the following sentences. Un-
derline the phrases which are used to introduce the author's opin-
ion and his/her arguments, mind the punctuation.
1.	As far as I am concerned, 1 agree that it is impossible to imagine our
world without school. My arguments for this point of view are listed as follows.
2.	I agree with the point of view that our psychological state has influ-
ence on our health.
3.	According to my point of view, it is necessary to keep family tradi-
tions and to pass them on from one generation to another.
4.	I believe that uniforms are a very important type of clothes at school.
Here I would explain a few of the most important reasons.
5.	I consider that school holidays are the best time for pupils and it is
impossible to shorten them.
6.	To my mind, the development of modern technologies provides us
with new types of communication which are very convenient and efficient.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 209
7.	In my opinion, it is important to choose the clothes according to
your preferences and it isn’t important to follow fashion.
8.	It seems to me that healthy eating is not the only essential factor
providing a good health.
9.	First of all, I would like to stress that sports play a very important
role in our life and they provide us with strength and stamina.
10.	Besides, living in the country is cheaper than in a town because
people do not spend much money on transportation.
11.	In addition, the Internet helps us to find necessary information.
12.	What is more, driving a car causes air pollution which is one of the
most serious ecological problems.
13.	Additionally, teenagers usually do not listen to their parents’ advice
and try to make decisions on their own.
14.	Firstly, when a person listens to music, he is in a world by himself
and has the possibility to analyze his inner world.
15.	Secondly, it is well known that our habit to plan different things can
help us to achieve our goals.
16.	Thirdly, exams stimulate students to concentrate and to do their
best to achieve a better result.
19.	Give several models of the second paragraph using linking words
from the table. Use the models in your essays.
Linking phrases	
To Give an Opinion	To Further the Argument
As far as I am concerned, I agree that... My arguments for this point of view are listed as follows. I agree with the point of view that... According to my point of view, ... I believe that... Here I would explain a few of the most important reasons. I consider that... To my mind,... In my opinion,... It seems to me that...	First of all, I would like to stress that,... Besides,... In addition,... What is more,... Additionally,... Firstly, ... Secondly,... Thirdly, ...
| 210 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
According to my point of view,... Firstly,... Secondly,... Thirdly,...		
20.	Read the following tasks and state your opinion using an appropri-
ate introductory phrase.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that patience is the main quality in family life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that holidays which are taken from other countries have
bad influence on the own culture.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that on-line communication is the best way to make
friends.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Useful
Аргументация — важнейшее коммуникативное умение. Представляя соб-
ственное мнение, важно не просто сообщить его читателю, но и подкрепить
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 211 |
свои суждения аргументами, обосновывающими правоту и доказывающими
их соответствие действительности.
Поиск аргументов основывается на технологии мозгового штурма: за корот-
кий промежуток времени нужно представить как можно больше аргументов
(3,4,5,...), а потом выбрать наиболее убедительные. Используй визуальное
представления аргументов (например, в форме ассоциограммы, или word
web, или таблицы), это помогает структурировать информацию и упрощает
дальнейшую работу над абзацем.
21. A. Read the fragment of the essay and underline the arguments.
Make use of the words and phrases which introduce them and
pay attention to the punctuation.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that healthy eating is the main factor to be fit and to
avoid illnesses.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
In my opinion, I believe that healthy food is of great importance and it
can be considered as the key factor of our health. First of all, food is the
source of energy and people cannot live without it. In addition, different
kinds of food provide us with necessary substances, for example, vitamins,
chemical elements, etc. If a person does not get them, he will suffer from
different illnesses. Moreover, food influences our psychological state. We
are satisfied when we eat tasty and delicious dishes.
B.	Reread the fragment and complete the word web with the argu-
ments.
Healthy eating is the most important factor to be healthy.
'!	'I	'I
Your Ist argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
???	???	???
212 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
C.	Reread the task and determine your arguments for another point
of view. Complete the word web and write the second paragraph
based on your arguments.
Healthy eating is not the only factor to be healthy.
J<	Jr	Jr
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
999	999	999
22. A. Show the correlation between opinions and arguments. Ana-
lyze the logical structure and put the supporting ideas in order
of their importance. Complete the word web.
Comment on the following statement. Some people believe that a friendship can be damaged when friends borrow or lend money to. one another. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200—250 words.	
Friends are the dearest and nearest people	Friends can argue because of
and they should help each other. If the	money and their relations can
problem is related to money, it is neces-	be damaged. A person can de-
sary to support your friend. I think that	pend on his friends if he bor-
everything depends on the person and his	rows money from them. There
character. An honest person won’t deceive	are a lot of other ways to bor-
other people. Borrowing money is one of	row money and it is not neces-
the best ways to prove true friendship.	sary to turn to your friends.
According to my point of view, friends can have a wonderful rela-
tionship even if they have to borrow money.
Jr	Jr	Jr
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
999	999	999
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 213
To my mind, money and friendship are incompatible notions.
1	1	1
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
???	???	???
B. Complete these fragments using appropriate linking phrases.
Linking phrases
Достижение внутренней логики второго абзаца основывается на использо- вании средств логической связи. В ходе представления аргументов ты мо- жешь использовать следующие средства логической связи: First of all,	Additionally,	Firstly, What is more,	Besides,	Secondly, In addition,	Moreover,	Thirdly, Last but not least,	Furthermore,	Meanwhile, Finally,
23.	A. Read the following fragments. Complete them with the linking
phrases which are used to introduce arguments. You can find
them in the table. Mind the punctuation.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that only sun-tanned people look healthy.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To my mind, healthy appearance isn’t related to the sun-tanned look.
People who spend a lot of time in the sun cannot be fit because the sun
provokes different illnesses from sunburn to different types of cancer. These
people can pay a lot of attention to their appearance but they can forget
really important factors which help them to be fit, for example, sports or
healthy eating. The sun-tanned look is a popular image which has a won-
derful advertising in mass-media and fashion industry.
| 214 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that people cannot live without faith in something. Others
are sure that people are very independent and they need nothing to believe in.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
In my opinion, our belief is the basis of life. It helps us to develop our-
selves and our society. The faith is a good way to survive in complicated situ-
ations because it influences our perception of different events. If a person
believes in something, he cannot commit suicide and cannot hurt other
people’s feelings. People who have faith are happier and more confident.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that it is better to celebrate holidays with lots of people.
Others consider that holidays are special days when only very close people
should be invited.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
According to my point of view, holidays should be celebrated only by
our nearest and dearest people in an intimate circle. Holidays are special
days which are related to important events and the closest people can share
our emotions and feelings. When we invite our friends and relatives, we can
create a really warm and friendly atmosphere. It is a wonderful possibility
to meet dear friends and to have a nice time with them.
24.	Determine the arguments. Do they support the author's opinion?
Are the reasons dear? Can you include any other reasons?
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that parents are directly responsible for their children’s
future. They should help children to avoid problems and difficulties.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 215
In my opinion, parents are responsible for their children. Firstly, they
live together and see each other every day. Secondly, parents earn money to
provide for their children. Thirdly, they have rest together and parents help
their children to study.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that pupils should wear uniforms in school.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
It seems to me that uniforms are the best type of clothes for schoolchil-
dren. First of all, we can see that pupils are very energetic and they can run
and jump a lot in their uniform. Besides, it is very comfortable and pupils
look smart when they wear white shirts or blouses and blue or black trou-
sers or skirts. Finally, parents do not spend a lot of money on the uniform
because it is not very expensive.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that music has a great influence on people and it can
change their attitude to life. Others doubt, stating that it is only a way to
relax.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
According to my point of view, the great influence of music on people is
obvious. Firstly, we are surrounded by music and it is impossible to imagine
a day without it. Secondly, it can calm us if we are nervous. Thirdly, we can
remember historical events when music consolidated people and they per-
formed exploits owing to the fact that music inspirited them.
25.	A. Read the following fragments. Prove that writers misunderstand
the question. What key information is required in the task?
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that newspapers will be replaced by electronic sources
of information soon.
216 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To my mind, electronic sources of information are very important
nowadays and our life would be boring and imperfect without them. Firstly,
these forms of information include blogs, twitter and social networks. They
give us a complete view of the events happening in the world. Secondly,
they help us to understand different problems better because we can find
different opinions in the Internet. Thirdly, we can find photos and video.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that nowadays young people have much more difficul-
ties in learning and the capacity to learn has declined against 50s.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
1 think that learning is a very hard activity. First of all, it is necessary
to use different sources of information, for example, books or the Inter-
net. Besides, pupils have different subjects and it is necessary for them to
learn various formulas, poems, dates, etc. by heart. Finally, sometimes you
do not understand themes and you have to look for additional materials and
analyze them.
B. Reread the tasks. Underline the key words. Give your recom-
mendation on how to improve the following fragments. Rewrite
them.
26. Read the tasks and the beginning of the second paragraph
where the opinion is stated. Look at the arguments presented in
the word web. Finish writing the paragraph using these arguments.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that school holidays are too long and it is necessary to
shorten them.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 217
It seems to me that the duration of school holidays is appropriate.
Ill
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
Time for hobbies	Travelling	Learning a particular subject
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that secondary school is the best time of life to choose your
future profession. Others claim that children are not mature enough to make
the right choice.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
As far as I am concerned, I agree that children should make their decision
about their future career when they study at school.
Ill
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
Analysis of interests and abilities	Attention to subjects re- lated to their future job	Lack of aims
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that healthy style of life is a popularfad nowadays.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
I disagree with the statement that healthy lifestyle is only a kind of trend.
Ill
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
Attention to different kinds of information about health	Sport	Healthy eating
| 218 i Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that on-line communication is a very convenient and
effective form to exchange information. Others disagree because people have
lost face-to-face contacts.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
According to my point of view, on-line communication is the greatest
form of people’s interaction.
4.	4,	J,
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
Exchange information at a distance	Be abreast of the news	Make new friends
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that teenagers can’t go out after 10 p. m. without their
parents. Others believe that teenagers are self-reliant people and they want
to be independent of their parents.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
I believe that teenagers should not go out late in the evening without
their parents.
4	4	4
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
It is dangerous	Rigid schedule	Responsibility of parents
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 219 |
6.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that handicraft which means particular skills performed
with the hands, such as weaving, pottery, refers to old-fashioned hobbies.
Others believe that such activities are interesting and useful and they can’t
be defined as outdated.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
I consider that handicraft techniques are wonderful activities which are
fashionable nowadays.
4-	4'	4'
Your Is’ argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
Popular pastime	Wonderful handmade goods	Way to earn money
27. Brainstorm arguments to support the stated opinions. Write down
ideas quickly making sure you defend the point of view. Then put
your supporting ideas in order of their importance.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that teenagers spend too much free time playing com-
putergames. Others think that computer games are an important feature of
our society and it is impossible to imagine young people without them.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
A. As far as I am concerned, I agree that computer games can have
a harmful influence on teenagers and they are a real waste of time.
4"	4"	4,
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
| 220 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
2. As far as 1 am concerned, I agree that it is impossible to imagine
a teenager who does not play computer games.
Ф	Ф	Ф
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Teenagers should have a part-time job so they can earn money for their daily
expenses and they don’t have to ask their parents for it.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To my mind, I consider that teenagers should not work.
'I-	'L
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
To my mind, I consider that a part-time job is a wonderful possibility for
	teenagers.
'I-
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Young people prefer science-fiction books and romantic stories to classical
authors because they don’t want to think about serious things such as the
meaning of life.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph j 221 I
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
It seems to me that reading is a kind of relaxation for young people
that is why they choose science-fiction books and romantic stories.
г	г	г
Your Iя argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
It seems to me that science-fiction books and romantic stories sometimes
bring up serious issues which are important for young people.
J,	J,	J,
Your Iя argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
28. Read the following fragments. Analyze their logic using the table
below. Give your recommendations on how to improve the text.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that reading is the most important way to form one’s
personality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To my mind, I think that different forms of activities influence our per-
sonality and it is impossible to define the most important one. Firstly, our
character depends on the social surrounding. For example, friends or par-
ents can give us advice or discuss our behavior. All of these cause changes in
our character. Secondly, our psychology determines a lot of features of our
personality. Thirdly, different people have different hobbies which also form
the character and reading is among them.
| 222 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses the following aspects presented in the task (express your personal opinion and give 2—3 rea- sons for your opinion).		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The personal opinion is clear and it is based on the problem presented in the first paragraph.		
4. The arguments are well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
6. The paragraph contains all the necessary components. It states a personal opinion and proves it with arguments (2—3).		
Which of these statements show the strength or the weakness of the frag-
ment above?
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that if you want to achieve your goals you should concen-
trate on cooperation. Others believe that competition is a real path to success.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
In my opinion, a competition is a real stimulus to achieve your goals
because it can help you to improve your knowledge and abilities. First of all,
teamwork does not show your abilities completely and you cannot succeed.
Finally, it is important to develop your skills and analyze the situation and
other features which provide your success.
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses the following aspects presented in the task (express your personal opinion and give 2—3 rea- sons for your opinion).		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The personal opinion is clear and it is based on the problem presented in the first paragraph.		
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 223
	Yes	No
4. The arguments are well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
6. The paragraph contains all the necessary components. It states a personal opinion and proves it with arguments (2-3).		
Which of these statements show the strength or the weakness of the frag-
ment above?
29. State your opinion supporting it with arguments. Write the second
paragraph of your essay for each task. Remember to use appropri-
ate linking phrases.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that Russian people are frank and hospitable, English
people are conservative, Germans are punctual, etc. Others believe that these
qualities are our stereotypes and there is no need to judge a man according
to his nationality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Ф	"l"	Ф
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that extreme sports should be banned because of the
high injury risk. Others believe that going in for these kinds of sports is a
personal choice, a person is aware of all risks.
224 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Jr	Jr	Jr
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		
3.
Comment on the following statement.
It is well known that as far as first impressions are concerned, clothes mat-
ter; that’s why some people dress according to fashion and buy a lot of new
clothes each season. Others are sure that you should choose the clothes you
like no matter if they are trendy or not.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Jr	Jr	Jr
Your 1st argument	Your 2nd argument	Your 3rd argument
		

В следующей части сочинения необходимо представить противоположную
точку зрения и объяснить причины несогласия с ней. Обрати внимание, что
данную часть можно представить в рамках одного абзаца (противоположное
мнение и объяснение причин несогласия), а можно разделить на два абзаца.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 225 |
Модель данного абзаца можно представить следующим образом:
state an opposing opinion -> support it with 1—2 arguments -> explain your
attitude (why you don’t agree with it)
Важно соблюдать необходимый объем письменной работы: данная часть
включает 50—60 слов.
30. Read the third paragraph of the essay and match the elements of
the model.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is important to devote your time to one activity and
to concentrate on it. Others believe that it is better to channel your efforts and
do several things at the same time.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
However, some people consider that it is more efficient to do several tasks at the same time. They maintain the idea that it helps you to produce several results but it is important to channel your efforts. This ability provides progress. Besides, they think that it helps you to be more organized and disciplined. May- be, it is true; I am sure that it is impossible to achieve several goals at the same time. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.	The opposing opinion
	The first argument sup- porting the opposing opin- ion
	The second argument sup- porting the opposing opin- ion
	Your attitude and reasons for disagreeing
31. Read the following fragments of essays. Do they include all the nec-
essary elements?
1.
Comment on the following statement.
A lot of national traditions (for example, Halloween or St. Valentine’s Day)
have become too commercial and people are encouraged to spend a lot of
money on needless things.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
| 226 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
However, some people consider that it is not bad when people spend
money on items related to holidays. At the same time, I disagree with this
opinion because as a rule people buy things they do not need. Besides, they
are often very expensive. It is better to spend money on necessary things.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
It is well known that as far as first impressions are concerned, clothes mat-
ter; that’s why some people dress according to fashion and buy a lot of new
clothes each season. Others are sure that you should choose the clothes you
like no matter if they are trendy or not.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Nevertheless, we can find a contrary opinion. According to it, the
first impression is very important and fashion helps to create it. That is
why these people prove the necessity of following fashion. We know how
changeable it is. So it is evident why these people buy so many clothes. As
for me, I do not agree with this opinion.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that patience is the main quality in family life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
At the same time, some people claim that family life is not so hard so
people do not need patience. They believe that people should enjoy their
relationships. That is why patience is not the main quality. According to
this opinion, people should possess kindness and respect if they want to be
happy in their family. Love is the basis of family. Maybe this opinion is true;
I consider that people should be patient. They should forgive each other
and support each other in difficult situations.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 227 |
32. Ways to introduce the opposing point of view. Read the following
fragments. Underline the phrases which are used to show the op-
posing opinion. Pay attention to the punctuation.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that it is necessary for students to have opportunities to
study abroad. Others think that the best place to study is your home country.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
However, some people think that studying abroad is not effective and it
doesn’t always provide a good education. They believe that when students
study abroad, they have language problems and sometimes they don’t un-
derstand lectures, books, etc. It causes poor knowledge. In spite of this
opinion, I maintain the idea that students should study abroad because they
can widen their outlook and learn new technologies.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that computers will replace books in the near future.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Nevertheless, some people disagree and they claim that the develop-
ment of science provides us with new technologies and soon people will
not need books. For them, it is more convenient. People should not buy a
lot of books because electronic devices contain whole libraries. At the same
time, I cannot imagine our world without books. It is a real pleasure to read
a book and to turn over its pages.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that independence and confidence are qualities of an
adult and these features distinguish a grown up from a child.
228 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Some people disagree because they are sure that a child can possess
these qualities and they depend on the upbringing. If the parents want,
these features may be formed in the childhood. So their son or daughter
becomes confident or independent. However, I cannot agree with this opin-
ion completely because children are immature and they do not understand
the meaning of these qualities. That is why independence and confidence
characterize only adults.
В третьем абзаце необходимо не только представить противоположную
точку зрения, но и объяснить причины собственного несогласия с ней. Ты
можешь использовать следующие фразы, которые помогают продемонстри-
ровать собственную позицию:
However, 1 cannot agree with this opinion completely because ...
1 am unconvinced that...
It is hard to accept that...
It is unjustifiable to...
I don't believe that...
There is little evidence to support the... that
Nevertheless, I feel...
However, I think...
Personally, I believe...
33. Make several models of the third paragraph based on phrases given
above and linking words. Use the models in your essays.
Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
However, Besides, Moreover, At the same time, 1 disagree because		
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 229 |
34. A. Read the following fragments. Complete them with the phrases
from the box in exercise 33. Observe the rules of punctuation.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think, that children should pass several exams every year. Oth-
ers believe that it is better that they have only one exam at the end of school.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
It is essential to have exams regularly. Exams are a very important part
of learning. They make it possible to control the pupils’ knowledge. Exams
are not necessary. They cause stress. Pupils get so nervous. They check pu-
pils’ memory. They do not test skills and knowledge.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that parents are the nearest and dearest people for their
children and they know best of all what it is necessary for their son or daughter.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Parents cannot know their children’s necessities entirely. They do not
make decisions instead of their children. They can give advice or recom-
mendations to their children. Parents love their children and they should
decide what is best for them. Their opinions and decisions are based on the
kindest feelings. They cannot do any harm to their children.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that the most important qualities for a firefighter to pos-
sess in order to be good at his job are courage and decisiveness.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
A firefighter should possess a lot of important qualities besides courage
and decisiveness which give him the ability to save people. I think that he
| 230 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
should be steady and calm to cope with stressful and demanding conditions.
Courage and decisiveness are the most important features of character for a
firefighter. He cannot work in dangerous situations without them.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that environmental pollution is the world’s most important
problem.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Environment pollution is not a problem number one in our global world.
There are a lot of serious problems such as terrorism, wars, famine, dis-
eases, so on. They make people suffer and die and require urgent solutions.
It is important to save our planet and pay attention to the ecological prob-
lems and one of them is environmental pollution. People can destroy our
world if they do not solve it.
B. Determine the arguments for the opposing opinion presented in
the fragments. Do they support it? Can you add any other rea-
sons?
35. Read the following fragments. Fill in the table below with the nec-
essary supporting and contrasting arguments.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that teachers are responsible for the pupils’ knowledge.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
To my mind, the main role of teachers is to provide their pupils with
knowledge. That is why we can speak about their responsibility. Firstly,
1 am sure that they should know their subject properly because if they do
not know it, they cannot explain the material. Secondly, they should use
different methods of teaching. They help pupils to learn the subject ef-
fectively. Thirdly, teachers must understand that if pupils do not have the
necessary knowledge, they will not be able to enter the university.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 231
However, others disagree. They think that only pupils are responsible for their knowledge. If they do not want to study, teachers cannot help them. Children should be interested in expanding their knowledge. At the same time, I do not agree with this opinion because teachers are respon- sible for the pupils’ knowledge. Teachers should motivate pupils and give them a wide scope of knowledge.	
supporting arguments	contrasting arguments
	
Do the supporting and contrasting arguments show contrast?
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is necessary to control the Internet and all vir-
tual information.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
In my opinion, the Internet is a great source of information but it should be controlled. First of all, we can find harmful sites which can damage children and their morality. Besides, there are a lot of resourc- es such as on-line games and children can waste a lot of time playing them. Finally, the information in the Internet is sometimes doubtful. It is very important to verify it because people can use dates and facts in- accurately. Nevertheless, other people suppose that it is impossible to control the Internet because it means a real violation of people’s rights. The In- ternet should be free and independent and it should be full of different opinions and points of view. Maybe it is true, but I insist that some infor- mation can be harmful and it is necessary to restrict the Internet users, especially children.	
supporting arguments	contrasting arguments
	
Do the supporting and contrasting arguments show contrast?
232 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that financial gain is the most important factor when a
person makes his occupational choice.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
As far as I am concerned, I agree that people should not consider fi- nancial gain as the most important factor when they choose a job. Firstly, 1 am sure that people should pay attention to their interests. You can- not work if you are not interested in it. Secondly, it is important to have a pleasant psychological atmosphere because friendly relations influence your career greatly. Finally, people find such aspects as promotion, good working conditions, possibilities of travelling, etc. important. At the same time, we can find the opposite opinion. Some people think that money should be the most important factor when they choose a job. They think that if a person does not earn enough, he cannot be satisfied. Financial gain is the basis of motivation. 1 do not agree with this opinion because people should enjoy their work or job. It should be im- portant for them not only because of money but of other factors and features.	
supporting arguments	contrasting arguments
	
Do the supporting and contrasting arguments show contrast?
36. Complete the folloyving extracts. Give an opposite point of view.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that children should take into account their parents ’
opinion when making friends. Others disagree saying that children choose
their friends according to their interests.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 233
However, some people do not agree with this opinion. They think that
parents are the most important people for their children and they wish
their children happiness and success. That is why parents’ opinion is the
most important and children should always follow it.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that owning a car is very comfortable and convenient.
Others disagree that it has some disadvantages.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Nevertheless, people believe that cars have harmful influence on our
world. They damage the environment and cause air pollution. Besides, the
most serious problems related to automobiles in big cities are traffic jams.
People have to sit for long hours in their cars and it takes a lot of time to get
home or to work.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that the best type of employment is working from your
home.
234 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Other people disagree. They state that it is wonderful to work at home
because you need not wake up early and go to work every day. You can man-
age your time as you like and you can have rest when you want.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people are sure that mobile phones have made our lives better. Others
disagree as they warn about their negative aspects.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
However, they think that mobile phones can be dangerous and annoy-
ing. They prove their negative effect on the health. Besides, when a person
speaks on the phone in public places, we can listen to other people’s con-
versations or sometimes phones ring a lot of times. It is so disturbing.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 235
37. Read the following extracts. Use the table below and analyze their
logical structure. Give your recommendations on how to improve
the texts.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that reading is the most important way to form one’s
personality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
However, some people think that the most effective factor to form a
personality is reading. People can choose books about various problems
and they make them think and analyze different situations and people’s
behavior. At the same time, I do not agree because not only books influence
people’s character. I am sure that it is necessary to take into consideration
different aspects of personal life and analyze their role.
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses the following aspects present- ed in the task. (It expresses an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion and explains why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion.)		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The opinion is clear and it is based on the problem pre- sented in the first paragraph.		
4. The arguments are well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
6. The paragraph contains all the necessary components. It has a clear explanation why the writer doesn’t agree with the opposing opinion.		
Which of these statements show the strengths or the weaknesses of the
text above?
| 236 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that if you want to achieve your goals you should concen-
trate on cooperation. Others believe that competition is a real path to success.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Nevertheless, some people consider that people should pay attention to
cooperation and it is the main factor to succeed and to achieve your goals.
It is evident that teamwork provides thorough analysis and offer different
ways to solve problems. As for me, I cannot agree with this opinion because
people should compete if they want to be successful.
	Yes	No
l.The paragraph discusses the following aspects present- ed in the task. (It expresses an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion and explains why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion.)		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The opinion is clear and it is based on the problem pre- sented in the first paragraph.		
4. The arguments are well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn't copy the task too directly.		
6. The paragraph contains all the necessary components. It has a clear explanation why the writer doesn’t agree with the opposing opinion.		
Which of these statements show the strengths or the weaknesses of the
text above?
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 237 |
38. Write the third paragraph of the essay. Remember to use appropri-
ate linking phrases.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that holidays are vestiges of the past and people don’t
need to celebrate them. Others believe that it is impossible to imagine our life
without holidays and people should keep these traditions.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words._____________________________________________________
As far as I am concerned, I agree that holidays make our life happy
and interesting. Firstly, we can remember important historical events. Sec-
ondly, they include cultural symbols and help us to understand traditions
and customs. Thirdly, it is a wonderful opportunity to meet friends and
spend time together.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that television will be replaced by computers and
the Internet soon.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
In my opinion, computers will become the most important source
of information soon and television will disappear. First of all, I would like
to note that computers can perform more functions. They can give us infor-
mation, entertain us and help us to do different things, for example, count
or draw. Besides, we can find different TV channels on the Internet. Finally,
we can use the Internet almost everywhere. It is very convenient and impor-
tant because it keeps people informed of the latest news.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that computers have a harmful effect on people and it is
necessary to limit their usage if it is not related to theirjob or studies.
| 238 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To my mind, computers are very important nowadays but their influ-
ence on people is not always positive and it is necessary to control the time
a person uses a computer. I would like to note that computers are harmful
to our health, especially for the eyes, and doctors recommend doing spe-
cial exercises for the eyes while using a computer. Besides, we must note
that it is very difficult for children to organize their day and they can spend
the whole day playing computer games. It is not good for the children’s
health because they become tense and sleep badly.
Заключительная часть письменной работы также важна, как и вступление.
Без заключения эссе не будет иметь законченный вид. Заключение — это
логический итог рассуждений, оно суммирует ключевые идеи и содержит
окончательный вывод по проблеме, предложенной в задании. Можно вы-
делить несколько стратегий написания заключения:
1) выражение твердого мнения, уверенности в собственной точке зрения
(автор эссе настаивает на собственном мнении в заключении);
2) выражение мнения о необходимости учитывать разные точки зрения для
решения проблемы, обращается внимание на существенное значение соб-
ственного мнения;
3) автор подтверждает актуальность проблемы и предлагает возможные ва-
рианты ее решения.
Важно соблюдать необходимый объем письменной работы: последний абзац
включает 50—60 слов.
39. The strategy of writing a conclusion. Read the following conclu-
sions. Determine the writing strategy. Explain the author's choice.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that school holidays are too long and it is necessary to
shorten them.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 239 |
To conclude, I would like to stress that school holidays are an excellent
period of time for all pupils when they can enjoy themselves. They give
schoolchildren wonderful opportunities to develop their skills and extend
their knowledge. It is impossible to shorten school holidays. At the same
time, it is necessary to organize special clubs or interest groups where pupils
can spend time and perform their favourite activities.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that secondary school is the best time to choose your fu-
ture job. Others claim that children are not mature enough to make the right
choice.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclu-
sion that an occupational choice is a very complicated question and it is
necessary to analyze personal qualities and interests, preferences and in-
clinations. Young people should make their decision when they study at
school. It will help them to pay attention to important subjects and plan a
successful career.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that on-line communication is a very convenient and
effective form to exchange information. Others disagree because people have
lost face-to-face interaction.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
In conclusion, there is no doubt that virtual communication is a real
breakthrough and it is a very effective way to keep in touch and make new
friends. Besides, I would like to note that the Internet is developing. For ex-
ample, Skype, which is an innovative form of communication, has changed
the way people interact. Nowadays people can look at each other using
the Internet.
| 240 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that teenagers can’t go out after 10 p. m. without their
parents. Others believe that teenagers are self-reliant people and they want
to be independent of their parents.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
According to the arguments presented above, we can see how impor-
tant it is to help young people and understand them. People should support
teenagers and give them an opportunity to be independent. 1 am sure that
there are different situations in our life and young people should know that
their parents are next to them and are ready to help them. As for walks after
10 p. m., parents must not abridge teenagers’ freedom.
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that handicraft which means particular skills performed
with the hands, such as weaving, pottery, refers to old-fashioned hobbies.
Others believe that such activities are interesting and useful and they can’t
be defined as outdated.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
All in all, people should keep their traditions and customs, and handi-
craft is one of them. It is clear that people who are fond of these activities
make a contribution to their culture and develop it. 1 hope that we should
understand the role of handicraft in society and we should respect people
who produce hand-made things.
40. Read the beginning of the concluding paragraph. Complete the
sentences with the linking words below.
To conclude, in conclusion, to sum up, according to the arguments pre-
sented above, all in all, we can draw a conclusion that, from the above
what 1 have discussed, based on the above discussion, for above reasons,
all things considered
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph j 241 J
1. ...I would like to stress that our world is based on money and it is a
source of economic development.
2.... the most important and happiest days in our life are related to
holidays.
3.... it is important to pay attention to our attitude towards ecological
problems.
4.... people should analyze their behaviour and make their own deci-
sion.
5. ...I believe that on-line communication is the key factor to devel-
op interaction between people of different nationalities all over the world.
6.... you will never achieve your goals if you do not develop such quali-
ties as confidence and will to succeed.
7. ...I want to note that transport and automobiles are one of the great-
est achievements and it is necessary to develop the automobile industry.
41. The models of organizing information in the conclusion. Read the
following conclusions. Analyze the models of organizing the infor-
mation presented in the table. Match the conclusions with models.
A.	restate your opinion -> suggest any ideas to solve the problem (it is
necessary to...,... should...)
B.	restate your opinion -> predict the possible ways to solve the problem
(... will...)
C.	restate your opinion -> warn about possible consequences in the future
(... will...)
D.	restate your opinion -> tell people to do something to change the situ-
ation and solve the problem (call to action)
E.	refer to the problem -> restate your opinion —> tell about your own
experience suggest any ideas to solve the problem (it is necessary
to...,... should...)
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that teenagers should be involved in volunteer work
and it should be a part of schoolwork.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
I 242 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
We can draw a conclusion that volunteer work is a wonderful possibility
to help and support people. Volunteers work on their own will and without
being asked. That is why I am sure that it cannot be obligatory at school.
Pupils should want to help people and it is essential. If it becomes a part of
schoolwork, the main idea of this kind of work will be ruined.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that environmental pollution is the world’s most important
problem.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To sum up, ecological problems destroy natural life on our planet.
I think that air, water and soil pollution damages nature, but people face
a great number of serious problems related to other aspects of our life. I am
sure people should save our planet. Let us change our lifestyle and be more
caring in relation to nature.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that the best type of holidays is to go to a campsite where
you can stay close to nature. Others think that holidays mean comfortable
conditions so you should choose a luxurious hotel to have a good rest.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
All in all, it is important to mention that tastes differ and everyone
makes his own decision. I think that people should have opportunities to
make a choice on how to spend holidays. As for me, I prefer to spend my
holidays close to nature. At the same time, I am sure that we should respect
other opinions.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 243 |
4.
Comment on the following statement.
If a sportsman wants to become famous for his victories, he should forget
about his personal life and train every day.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To conclude, I would like to note that an athlete’s life is very compli-
cated and it takes sportsmen a lot of time and energy to prepare for com-
petitions. I think that their wish to achieve and to win depends on their will
to succeed. If they pursue their goals, they should forget personal life and
devote themselves to sports.
42. Match the sentences to draw the conclusion. Which model does
each text refer to?
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that the number of museums is the most outstanding
characteristic of London.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
1	It is clear that a great number of museums can be considered as one of the most important features of the capital of Great Britain but it is not the main feature.
2	To conclude, it is important to note that London is a fantastic city with fascinating sights and wonderful places of interest.
3	I am sure that its most outstanding characteristic is related to the atmosphere of this city and its ancient buildings.
4	Tourists can visit different places such as museums, galleries, parks, etc.
244 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that a friendly working environment is the most important
factor in a job.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
1	People spend a lot of time at work.
2	If they are angry or cunning, they cannot create real teamwork.
3	All in all, a friendly working environment is a very important factor but it is not the main one.
4	It will make impossible to achieve their goals.
43. A. One of the ways to draw an impressive conclusion is to use an
appropriate proverb. Read the following phrases.
1. to strike a happy medium = to find the golden mean	найти золотую середину
2. a Chinese puzzle	неразрешимая загадка, запу- танное дело, сложная задача, головоломка
3. a chain is no stronger than its weakest link	где тонко, там и рвётся
4. a bad shearer never had a good sickle	у плохого косаря всегда серп виноват
5. a big question mark	то, что вызывает большое со- мнение
6. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush	не сули журавля в небе, дай синицу в руки
7. a fog cannot be dispelled with a fan	ковшом море не вычерпаешь
8. a friend in need is a friend indeed	друзья познаются в беде
9. full cup must be carried steadily	счастье нужно беречь
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph j 245 |
10. a man is never too old to learn	учиться никогда не поздно
11. you cannot judge of a tree by its bark	наружность обманчива
12. you never know what you can do till you try	не взявшись задело, не узнаешь, на что способен
13. accidents will happen in the best regulated families	в семье не без урода
14. a cat in gloves catches no mice	без труда не вытащишь и рыбки из пруда
B. Read the following conclusions. Complete them with the appro-
priate proverb.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Friendship can be damaged because of money when people borrow it from
their friends.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
According to the arguments presented above, we would like to conclude
that true friendship cannot be damaged. Neither money nor other things
can harm it. That is why I insist that money does not cause misunderstand-
ing between friends....
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that intelligence is the most important quality to be suc-
cessful in life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
All in all, people want to be successful in life and it depends on differ-
ent reasons such as intelligence, diligence, confidence and just being lucky.
I am sure that it is necessary to work hard to be successful in life and it is
a very important condition to achieve. ...That is why it is essential to build
your success.
246 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
3.
Comment on the following statement.
It is well known that as far as first impressions are concerned, clothes mat-
ter; that’s why some people dress according to fashion and buy a lot of new
clothes each season. Others are sure that you should choose the clothes you
like no matter if they are trendy or not.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
According to the arguments presented above, I would like to conclude
that clothes are important and it is necessary to pay attention to the way
you dress. At the same time, people should not be addicted to fashion. They
must remember that...
C. Decide which of the above-mentioned phrases satisfy the re-
quirements of the following tasks. Explain the context of using
them. Write your conclusion for any presented task based on
each of these phrases.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
If a sportsman wants to become famous for his victories, he should forget
about his personal life and train every day.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that secondary school is the best time to choose your fu-
ture job. Others claim that children are not mature enough to make the right
choice.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 247
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that if you want to achieve your goals, you should con-
centrate on cooperation. Others believe that competition is the real path to
success.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that independence and confidence are qualities of an
adult and these features distinguish a grown up from a child.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
| 248 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that physical appearance has influence on personality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
При написании заключения необходимо обратиться к вступлению, про-
смотреть его, восстановить в памяти основные моменты, рассматриваемые
в начале сочинения. Важно, чтобы вступление и заключение не были разъ-
единены. Для того чтобы избежать этого, необходимо вернуться к проблеме,
сформулированной во вступлении, и к собственной точке зрения, представ-
ленной во втором абзаце.
Нужно представить заключение как обобщенный вывод по проблеме во
вступлении, основанной на своем мнении.
44. Read the beginning of the essays, write the conclusions based on
the problems. Remember the above-mentioned useful tips for
writing.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that television will be replaced by computers and
the Internet soon.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
The 20th century has brought a lot of inventions, among them televi-
sion, computers and the Internet. It is impossible to imagine our world
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 249
without them. The development of new technologies influences our life
and new devices surround us at work and at home. Some people think that
technologies are changing and they are replacing each other. That is why
people will use computers and the Internet and television will disappear
soon. Others disagree because of the great impact of television.
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that computers have a harmful effect on people and it is
necessary to limit their usage if it is not related to their job or studies.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
People use computers every day and for different purposes. They play
a very important role in our life. They make our life easier and more com-
fortable. At the same time, people use them too frequently and they can
spend a lot of hours seated at a desk in front of one. Some people believe
that the negative influence of computers is evident and it is necessary to
reduce their usage. Others consider computers are ordinary devices and
they cannot be harmful.
250 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that holidays which are taken from other countries have
bad influence on the culture.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Holidays are a great part of any culture. They conserve traditions, hab-
its, symbols, etc. They are affected by the process of globalization. That is
why people celebrate Halloween or St. Valentine’s Day in Russia. Some
people are sure that this process is not positive because it has grave conse-
quences related to culture. Others consider that it means cooperation bet-
ween cultures and there is nothing bad in it.
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that patience is the main quality in the family life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Family is based on close relations between its members. It requires
different personal qualities. Happiness depends on them. Some people
think that it is important to be patient to have a happy family. Others dis-
agree because such aspects as love, respect, mutual understanding, etc. are
more important.
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 251
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that healthy eating is the main factor to be fit and to
avoid illnesses.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Food is an essential part of our life. It gives us energy and important
substances, such as vitamins or microelements. Some people believe that
our health is heavily dependent on the food we eat. Others consider that
there are a lot of other factors which influence our health.
6.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people consider that on-line communication is the best way to make
friends.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
People want to find true friendship because it is one of the greatest
things in our world. There are a lot of ways to make friends. We can meet
friends by using a computer, at work, in a car park, in an airport, while
studying, etc. Some people are sure that the Internet is the most effective
| 252 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
way to find friends. Others consider that true friendship needs face-to-face
contact.
45. Read the following conclusions. Analyze their logic using the table
below. Give your recommendations on howto improve the text.
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that reading is the most important way to form personal-
ity.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To conclude, it is important to note that there are a lot of ways to form
personality. People study different subjects, read books, go in for sports,
meet friends, etc. All these factors influence us greatly and develop different
qualities of a person. As for me, 1 think that reading is very important but
we cannot name it as the main one.
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses the following aspects presented in the task (make a conclusion restating your position).		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The conclusion is clear and it is based on the problem pre- sented in the task.		
4. The paragraph is well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
Which of these statements show the strengths or the weaknesses of the
fragment above?
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph | 253 ~|
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that if you want to achieve your goals you should con-
centrate on cooperation. Others believe that competition is the real path to
success.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
To sum up, our success depends on each of us and if people want to
achieve their goals they should analyze their personality and decide what is
better for them. Teamwork and cooperation influence the mutual result
and create a wonderful atmosphere of work. At the same time, competition
makes a person do his best. It is necessary to find the golden mean and to
succeed.
	Yes	No
1. The paragraph discusses the following aspects presented in the task (make a conclusion restating your position).		
2. It is clearly organized.		
3. The conclusion is clear and it is based on the problem pre- sented in the task.		
4. The paragraph is well developed.		
5. The paragraph doesn’t copy the task too directly.		
Which of these statements show the strengths or the weaknesses of the
fragment above?
254 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation
Attention!
Второй критерий оценивания выполнения задания С2 «Организация текста»
Для того чтобы развернутое письменное высказывание соответствовало дан-
ному критерию, организация текста сочинения должна характеризоваться
следующими свойствами:
— логикой изложения,
— соответствием плану, предложенному в задании,
— уместным и корректным использованием средств логической связи,
— адекватным делением на абзацы.
46.	A. Read the following essay. How well is the text organized? Does
the text possess the features mentioned above?
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that mobile phones have made our life better, others dis-
agree warning of their negative aspects.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
We live in the 21st century, full of different means of communication.
Today almost everyone has a mobile phone. We cannot imagine our life
without it because it is very important to communicate with your family,
friends and loved ones. At the same time, we can find the opinion that the
usage of mobile phones can be harmful and dangerous.
I think that mobile phones are very useful in our everyday life. Firstly,
it is very convenient, as people can call each other anywhere. Secondly,
each telephone has such devices as a calendar, a camera, the Internet,
an alarm clock and others. No matter where we are, there is an oppor-
tunity to get connected to the Internet, check our e-mails and find any
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 255
necessary information. Thirdly, many parents buy cell phones for their chil-
dren just for safety. If a child gets into some trouble, he can call emergency
services or his parents.
At the same time, some people believe that mobile phones are dan-
gerous. Their microwaves can be very harmful and they affect our health
greatly. In addition, there is such a phenomenon as a mobile phone addic-
tion, and it’s a real problem in our society. However, I do not agree with this
opinion because of great advantages a mobile phone has.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that mobile phones make our life easier
but nevertheless, there is a negative effect on our health. That is why people
shouldn’t overuse them.
B. Read the criteria of evaluation and analyze the text. Does it sat-
isfy the requirements of the second criterion of evaluation (К2)?
К2 Организация текста	
3 балла	Высказывание логично, структура текста соответствует предло- женному плану; средства логической связи использованы пра- вильно; текст разделён на абзацы
2 балла	Высказывание в основном логично, имеются отдельные откло- нения от плана в структуре высказывания; имеются отдельные недостатки при использовании средств логической связи; име- ются отдельные недостатки
1 балл	Высказывание не всегда логично,- есть значительные отклоне- ния от предложенного плана; имеются многочисленные ошибки в использовании средств логической связи, их выбор ограничен; деление текста на абзацы отсутствует
0 баллов	Отсутствует логика в построении высказывания, предложенный план ответа не соблюдается
Важным аспектом организации текста является использование средств логиче-
ской связи. Они позволяет представить текст в единстве компонентов и ча-
стей и реализовать логику представления идей автора. Необходимо владеть
разнообразными средствами логической связи и уметь использовать их в со-
ответствии с функциями рассуждения: противопоставление, добавление,
пример, следствие, причина, вывод.
| 256 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
47.	A. Read the following essay. Determine the communicative role of
the linking phrases used in the text.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that computers will replace books in the near future.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Nowadays we live in a world of advanced technologies. Electronic de-
vices surround us everywhere. For example, you can exchange messages,
photos and documents by one click of a computer. You can download mov-
ies, music and books. That’s why some people believe that computers can
replace many things including books. However, others disagree because
books are eternal and they preserve our culture.
In my opinion, people cannot live without books. First of all, it is much
more convenient to read a book when you hold it in your hands. 1 adore a
smell of books, especially old ones. Secondly, there are a lot of books with
an exquisite design. Furthermore, every person will have a feeling of plea-
sure if he has a book like this. Moreover, computers can be non-functional
but you can read a book anytime.
However, some people think that one day computers will replace books
because it is senseless to keep piles of books when you can just store them in
a computer. As a result, you can always take a laptop or an e-book with you
and read a book anywhere. Nevertheless, I insist that books play a great role
for each of us. Besides, computers are harmful to our eyes.
All in all, I believe that books will never disappear because there will
always be people who will read books. Consequently, they will appreciate
books as a real treasure. And so 1 guess the saying ‘a book is the best gift’
will always have sense.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 257
B. Complete the table using the linking words from the text. Can you
add any other examples?
Contrast	Addition	Example	Reason	Result	Conclusion
					
48.	Complete the following text using the appropriate linking words.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think, that owning a car is very convenient and necessary. Oth-
ers disagree saying that it has some disadvantages.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Nowadays in the century of global modernization and complete auto-
mation, almost everybody has his own car. 60 or 70 years ago it was a rarity
to see a car in the street. Now it is quite common. There are a lot of debates
among people all over the world concerning the question of cars’ profitabil-
ity. Cars provide comfort and travelling speed. They have negative influence
on nature and cause air pollution.
It is very convenient to have your own car. You don’t depend on public
transport. There is no necessity to adapt to the train or bus schedule. You
can travel with all your family and all necessary equipment.
There are some disadvantages related to having your own car. The
price of petrol is rather high. It can be very expensive to travel by car. You
shouldn’t forget about insurance and the possibility of a car accident.
It is impossible to imagine our world without cars. They mean a com-
fortable life. They give us an opportunity to travel fast.
I 258 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
There are a lot of positive and negative sides of owning a car. There
are more advantages than disadvantages in owning this vehicle. Cars really
make our life easier and more convenient.
Организация текста будет характеризоваться логикой, если в письмен-
ном развернутом высказывании будут использованы фразы-конструкторы
(organizing phrases). Данные сочетания направлены на создание целостного
текста и обеспечение логики изложения мыслей:
1.	Введение мнения разных людей на рассматриваемую проблему:
Nowadays some people may hold the opinion that...
Others have a negative attitude...
Some people might argue that...
Some people hold the idea that...
Others believe that...
Some people maintain the idea that...
Some people warn that...
Some people consider that...
Some people claim that...
Others argue that...
Other people are of the opinion that...
Yet other people put forward the view that...
2.	Введение собственного мнения:
As far as I am concerned,...
According to my point of view,...
I believe...
I consider...
To my mind,...
In myopinion,...
It seems to me that...
3.	Представление аргументов:
First of all,...
Besides, ...
In addition, ...
What is more,...
Additionally,...
Firstly,...
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 259 |
Secondly,...
Thirdly,...
4.	Введение противоположного мнения:
However, some people think, that...
However, some people prove that ...
Nevertheless, we can find the opposing opinion...
At the same time, some people maintain the idea ...
Nevertheless, some people disagree, saying...
5.	Настойчивое убеждение в собственной точке зрения:
However, I cannot agree with this opinion completely because...
lam unconvinced that...
It is hard to accept that...
It is unjustifiable to ...
I don't believe that...
There is little evidence to support the ... that
Nevertheless, I feel...
However, I think...
Personally, I believe...
6.	Представление выводов:
To conclude,...
In conclusion,...
To sum up,...
According to the arguments presented above,...
All in all...
49. Make several models of the essay using organizing phrases. Pay
attention to the paragraph division.
Model 1
The 1st paragraph ->
The 2nd paragraph ->
The 3rd paragraph ->
The 4th paragraph ->
Model!
The 1st paragraph ->
The 2nd paragraph ->
260 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
The 3rd paragraph ->
The 4th paragraph ->
Model 3
The 1SI paragraph ->
The 2nd paragraph ->
The 3rd paragraph ->
The 4th paragraph —>
50. Complete the following text using the appropriate organizing
phrases.
Comment on the following statement.
People have different attitudes towards family duties. Some of them think, that
members of the family should have fixed household chores. Others believe
that it is impossible and all the members of the family should do all family
tasks together.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
—	express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
—	explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
—	make a conclusion restating your position
Members of any family live together and it means that they have to
share household chores. This sometimes causes arguments between par-
ents and their children. ... that it is necessary to divide and fix all the house
chores and family members should be responsible for certain duties. ...
that it is impossible because they live together and they should help each
other.
'..., it is necessary to fix duties in the family. All members of the family
should know what their household activities are...., it helps them to run the
house because family members know their duties: shopping, ironing, wash-
ing, etc. ..., it reduces arguments based on laziness because some members
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 261 |
do not like to do tasks. it creates the atmosphere of responsibility be-
cause all the members of the family make contribution and create a cozy
home.
..., ... that family is based on friendly and warm relationships
and it is important to do the duties together. Family members should help
each other and be ready to do any work at home....,... because it is not ef-
fective and people will spend a lot of time on household activities.
...,... family life is very complicated and it is necessary to create special
rules for everyday routine. Fixed duties refer to such rules and they make
family life happier and easier.
Логика изложения — обязательный компонент оценивания. При написании
письменного развернутого высказывания необходимо учитывать общую ло-
гику изложения, которая представлена в делении текста на абзацы согласно
предложенному плану, и внутреннюю логику отдельного абзаца.
Мы рекомендуем делить текст на абзацы с учетом пунктов плана, представ-
ленного в задании:
1	абзац — make an introduction (state the problem);
2	абзац — express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion;
3	абзац — express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion;
4	абзац — explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion;
5	абзац — make a conclusion restating your position.
Отметим, что 3 и 4 абзацы могут быть объединены.
Для того чтобы реализовать внутреннюю логику абзаца, необходимо разгра-
ничить предложения, включаемые в абзац:
предложения с функцией обобщения (general statements),
предложения с функцией конкретизации (specific statements).
Предложения с функцией обобщения должны подтверждаться предложе-
ниями с функцией конкретизации.
51.	Paragraph logic. Read the text. Determine general and specific
statements. Explain the possible interrelations between them. Ex-
ample:
General statement: Our modem society makes high demands to the edu-
cation.
I 262 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
Specific statement. It should provide deep knowledge and practical
skills.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people are sure that pupils should make their own decisions which sub-
jects to study. Others consider that pupils should learn all the subjects taught
at school.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Our modem society requires a high level of education. It should provide
knowledge and practical skills. That’s why school must prepare pupils for
their future career. Some people consider that schoolchildren should learn
subjects connected with their future job. Others argue that it is necessary to
provide general preparation which includes different subjects.
To my mind, it would be better if pupils choose their subjects them-
selves. Firstly, they are rather mature people who have their own opinion.
Secondly, schoolchildren who study all subjects waste their time. It is nec-
essary to pay attention to the preparation for their future career. Thirdly,
some subjects can be boring, and pupils are not interested in them.
Nevertheless, some people are sure that all subjects are very impor-
tant because you can use them in different situations. It means that pupils
should learn different subjects and they do not have to choose. To be frank,
I cannot agree with it completely because our future depends on our efforts
now. We should set our goals and achieve them.
To conclude, I want to stress that young people want to have extensive
knowledge and it is very important for them to be prepared to enter the
university. I insist that teachers must create special conditions where pupils
can make their choice. It will provide their success in the future.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 263 ~|
52.	Read the jumbled sentences below. Organize the sentences in the
appropriate order. Analyze the logical structure of the paragraph.
Focus your attention to the general and specific statements.
Comment on the following statement. Some people believe that the main school subject is History. Others doubt because it cannot form practical skills. What is your opinion? Write 200—250 words.	
1. Every educated person should know and understand different historical events, facts, documents, etc. 2. At the same time, others doubt because it contains only theoreti- cal knowledge. 3. The knowledge of history is the basis of the development of our society. 4. Some people think that this subject is the most important one for pupils. 5. That is why pupils study history at school.	Paragraph 1: 3,...
1. Besides, it influences our character when we find out about outstanding personalities. 2. First of all, it helps us to understand the present time better and to plan the fu- ture. 3. To my mind, it is clear that we cannot imagine our life without historical past that is why History is the subject number one. 4. Moreover, it is the most interesting subject which includes different facts about past generations.	Paragraph 2:
1. As for me, I believe that the knowledge of history will help any person and aids him in success. 2. Besides, it is important to form practical skills at school in order to pay attention to other subjects. 3. Nevertheless, some people are sure that we mustn’t determine the main sub- ject because all of them are necessary. 4. So history is the main subject at school.	Paragraph 3:
1. I am sure that history is the main subject at school and it is necessary to learn it properly. 2. It means the de- velopment of the whole society. 3. All in all, school should lay the foundation for the development of every pupil.	Paragraph 4:
| 264 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
53.	Essay logic. Organize the following essay. Read the jumbled para-
graphs below. Organize the sentences according to the plan giv-
en in the task.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that zoos are terrible places and it is necessary to ban
them.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
A.	To my mind, people should take care of animals. They should create
zoos where wild animals will be protected. Here 1 would like to explain a
few of the important reasons for this. First of all, visiting zoos people get
acquainted with various wild animals. In addition, zoos help to restore and
keep extinct species of fauna in wild nature. Finally, it reminds people about
nature and ecological problems.
B.	Nevertheless, some people argue that zoos are terrible places and
animals have been sentenced to live there all their life. Even in the most
remarkable zoos, animals never feel free in a cage. Freedom is necessary for
them. After all, it is impossible to observe natural behavior of an animal in
the zoo because it doesn’t have natural conditions. But to be frank, 1 cannot
agree with them completely because zoos are the only place where animals
are under protection.
C.	From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the con-
clusion that people should create zoos where animals will be protected. It
helps people to understand the importance of animal preservation for the
future generation.
D.	A lot of people all over the world attend zoos. There they can see
rare and extinct species of animals. Some people consider that zoos are
a prison for animals. It is cruel and brutal to keep wild animals in cages.
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 265 |
Others consider that if there were no zoos, many kinds of animals on the
earth would disappear.
54.	Read the following essay. Fill in the table below in accordance with
the given plan. Name each paragraph-
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that extreme sports should be banned because of the
high risk of injury. Others believe that going in for these kinds of sports is
a personal choice, and a person is aware of the risks.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes
people healthy, keeps them fit, more organized and better disciplined. But
what role do extreme sports play in our life? Is it necessary to go in for ex-
treme sports? Some people think that extreme sports are their own choice
and they help people to strengthen their body and mind. Others are sure
that they are very dangerous and the ban of them is the best solution.
To my mind, doing extreme sports is very useful for people. Here
I would like to explain a few important reasons for this. First of all, it is the
best way to get rid of tension or unwanted emotions such as anger or worry.
Secondly, it helps us to overcome our fears and to feel adrenaline. Finally,
extreme sports make our spirit stronger and give us more confidence.
Nevertheless, some people argue that we must avoid it, and people
should not practise extreme sports because they are risky. They consider
that people just play with their own life and they can die. But to be frank,
I cannot agree with it completely. Because today our life is dull and full of
limitations and only extreme sports help to satisfy curiosity because some-
times people do it just for a change.
266 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclu-
sion that people can be engaged in extreme sports but without falling out-
side the limits of reason.
Paragraph 1:	
Paragraph 2:	
Paragraph 3:	
Paragraph 4:	
55.	Give an outline of your essay. Write the essay according to your
plan.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that if a sportsman wants to become famous for his vic-
tories, he should forget about his personal life and train every day.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation | 267
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Paragraph 1:	
Paragraph 2:	
Paragraph 3:	
Paragraph 4:	
56.	Read the following essay carefully. Answer the questions.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that handicraft which means particular skills performed
with the hands, such as weaving, pottery, refers to old-fashioned hobbies.
Others believe that such activities are interesting and useful and they can’t
be defined as outdated.
What is your opinion?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
268 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
People are fond of different hobbies. Some of them prefer sports, oth-
ers like travelling. There are people who are interested in reading or music.
Some people enjoy handicraft. We can find a different attitude towards the
latter activity. Some people believe that this hobby is related to the past
times and it is not for our modern world. Others argue that hand-made
things are wonderful and people should create such fantastic items.
To my mind, it is impossible to imagine our world without handicraft.
Firstly, handicraft is a real art and people spend a lot of time and energy cre-
ating such things. Secondly, these skills give a real possibility to earn money.
Thirdly, people who are fond of this hobby are very creative and imaginative
and they can make wonderful things.
However, some people think that handicraft is a hobby of our grand-
parents. We live in the 21st century which is full of computers, new tech-
nologies, devices, etc. People should have modem hobbies because they are
more useful and develop our skills. But to be frank, 1 cannot agree with it
completely because handicraft produces a special atmosphere of creativity
and develops our skills and mind.
Finally, we can draw the conclusion that today people are very busy and
they do not have time to think about beautiful things. Handicraft gives them
a wonderful possibility to do it and to enjoy hand-made items. That’s why
this kind of hobby cannot be considered as an old-fashioned one.
Questions:
1.	Does the essay have the required number of words?
2.	Does the first paragraph introduce the main topic? Does it show the
controversial points of view?
3.	Is the topic sentence clear? Is it connected to the points of view pre-
sented in the first paragraph?
4.	Does the second paragraph include the writer’s opinion?
5.	Is the opinion clear for the reader? Is it related to the controversial
points of view?
6.	How many arguments does the writer use to support his/her opinion?
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation (the3rd - 5th Criteria of Evaluation) | 269
7.	Does the order of arguments seem logical?
8.	Is the relationship between arguments clear?
9.	Is there enough information to prove the writer’s opinion? What ad-
ditional arguments could the writer have included?
10.	What kind of information does the third paragraph include?
11.	Does the writer express an opposing opinion? What reasons prove
the opposing opinion?
12.	Does the writer explain why he doesn’t agree with the opposing
opinion?
13.	Does the essay include a conclusion? Does it restate the writer’s
position?
14.	Does the writer use appropriate linking words?
15.	What did you like most about the essay?
16.	What seemed most unclear about each paragraph?
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation
(the 3rd - 5th Criteria of Evaluation)
Использование разнообразной лексики — залог успешного написания
письменного развернутого высказывания. Необходимо обращать внимание
на соответствие лексики поставленной коммуникативной задаче, избегать
повторения лексических единиц и стараться заменять их синонимами или
антонимами.
Важно соблюдать правила словообразования и словосочетаемости, так как
их нарушение может привести к затруднениям в понимании текста.
Старайся использовать имена прилагательные и наречия, которые придадут
письменной речи яркость и богатство.
57. Read the third criterion of evaluation, analyze the following essay
and state if it satisfies the requirements.
Лексика	
3 балла	Используемый словарный запас соответствует поставленной коммуникативной задаче; практически нет нарушений в исполь- зовании лексики
| 270 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
2 балла	Используемый словарный запас соответствует поставленной коммуникативной задаче, однако встречаются отдельные неточности в употреблении слов (2—3), либо словарный запас ограничен, но лексика использована правильно
1 балл	Использован неоправданно ограниченный словарный запас; часто встречаются нарушения в использовании лексики, некоторые из них могут затруднять понимание текста (не бо- лее 4-х)
0 баллов	Крайне ограниченный словарный запас не позволяет выпол- нить поставленную задачу
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that computers will replace books in the near future.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
—	express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
—	express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
—	explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
—	make a conclusion restating your position
Computers have been an important part of our life for decades and
their impact on us and our existence is only growing. Some people think
that computers will change our life greatly and a lot of things will disappear
soon because of their influence, for example, books. At the same time, oth-
ers maintain the opinion that it is impossible because books are the symbol
of our intelligence and culture.
I should say with regret that books will disappear in the future. First of
all, we can note that people read less frequently. It is evident that children
prefer computers to books. Secondly, books are rather expensive nowadays
that’s why people usually download a book and use computers to read it.
Thirdly, you can find out any information on the Internet but if you want to
find it in the book, you have to spend a lot of time searching through books.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation (the 3rd - 5th Criteria of Evaluation) | 271
Nevertheless, some people consider that it is necessary to read books
and they are eternal and invariable. It is important that books help us to live
and they make us wiser. Besides, any educated person should have a col-
lection of his favourite books at home. Maybe it is true, but I cannot agree
with this opinion. Books appeared when the humankind reached a certain
level of evolution that’s why new technologies can replace them as a result
of the further development.
All this makes me feel sorry about this situation. It is a pity that people
do not understand the pleasure of reading a book. It is clear that this ten-
dency contributes to the disappearance of books. Please, read and try to
make children become accustomed to books! Don’t let the computer be the
meaning of your life!
58.	Read the following essay. Complete it with appropriate adjectives
and adverbs to enrich the text.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think, that teachers are responsible for the pupils’ knowledge.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
It is considered that the purpose of school is to equip pupils with
knowledge. Pupils study subjects and find out facts. They learn poems,
theories, dates, equations, etc. Knowledge includes branches of science.
Some people believe that teachers should influence the pupils’ knowledge.
Others disagree saying that knowledge depends on pupils and their interests.
To my mind, pupils are responsible for their knowledge and teachers
can only help them. Firstly, pupils are interested in their knowledge be-
cause it is related to their jobs. Secondly, knowledge is important for any
person. People will respect you if you have knowledge. Thirdly, learning is
| 272 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
the most important activity of pupils and they should study and enrich their
knowledge.
However, others disagree. They believe that teachers should motivate
pupils and use methods of teaching. They are responsible for strategies pu-
pils use to learn material. At the same time, 1 insist that we cannot accuse
teachers if pupils do not have knowledge. Schoolchildren should under-
stand the importance of school and pay attention to their study.
To conclude, 1 would like to stress that pupils should study subjects and
learn material. Their knowledge depends on their efforts. It is necessary to
understand that their future depends on themselves.
59.	Read the following essay and use a variety of alternative expres-
sions to avoid repetitions.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that secondary school is the best time to choose your fu-
ture job. Others claim that children are not mature enough to make the right
choice.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
What is the best period to choose your future job? It depends on dif-
ferent aspects. For example, one of my friends chose his future occupation
when he was 6. Some friends chose their future job not long ago and it was
rather difficult for them to choose it. When should children choose their
job? Some people think that it is necessary to choose it when you study at
school. Others think that pupils cannot choose because they are rather in-
experienced to choose their job.
To my mind, 1 am sure that children should choose their job at school.
Firstly, they will plan their future and pay attention to subjects at school
related to their job. Secondly, they will plan their education and choose the
university or institute to study. Thirdly, they will be more responsible and
determinate because they have chosen their jobs.
Nevertheless, some people do not think that pupils should choose their
future jobs at school. They think that pupils are rather young and they are
not very responsible. As for me, 1 do not think that it is correct. Pupils are
old enough and they can choose their jobs. Besides, they can plan their
future life and achieve their goals.
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation (the 3rd - 5th Criteria of Evaluation)	| 273
To conclude, I think that secondary school is the best period to choose
your future job. It helps young people to achieve their goals and to make
their career. If they plan their future, it will be easier for them to fulfill such
plans.
Грамматические структуры в письменном развернутом высказывании дол-
жны соответствовать поставленной коммуникативной задаче. Их выбор со-
относится с целью высказывания.
Старайся использовать разнообразные грамматические средства. Однотип-
ность грамматических конструкций свидетельствует о невысоком уровне
владения грамматикой. Важно обращать внимание на возможности транс-
формировать предложения при помощи грамматических конструкций, вре-
мен и залога.
Особую сложность при написании эссе представляют следующие темы: по-
рядок слов, употребление грамматических временных форм, артикль. Обра-
щай внимание на согласование подлежащего и сказуемого.
60.	Read the fourth criterion of evaluation, analyze the following, essay
and determine if it satisfies the requirements.
Грамматика	
3 балла	Используются грамматические структуры в соответствии с поставленной коммуникативной задачей. Практически отсутствуют ошибки (допускается 1—2 негрубые ошибки)
2 балла	Имеется ряд грамматических ошибок, не затрудняющих по- нимания текста (не более 4-х)
1 балл	Многочисленные ошибки элементарного уровня, либо ошибки немногочисленны, но затрудняют понимание тек- ста (допускается 6—7 ошибок в 3—4-х разделах грамматики)
0 баллов	Грамматические правила не соблюдаются, ошибки затрудня- ют понимание текста
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that alternative therapy is a very efficient way to cure ill-
nesses.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Р274 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
Therapy is the treatment of physical or mental diseases. People use
different types of therapy to cure illnesses. They go to the hospital or to
a medical centre. Besides, they can choose alternative therapy which means
unusual treatment, for example, animal therapy or herbal therapy. Some
people believe that it is very effective and it can really help people. Oth-
ers insist that only doctors can cure illnesses.
According to my opinion, traditional medicine is the only way to treat
diseases. Firstly, doctors have a special degree. Their knowledge about
our body and its peculiarities is complete. Secondly, sick people can find
modem equipment in hospitals. They can be examined carefully and after
that doctors can prescribe medicine. Thirdly, alternative therapy is not re-
searched enough and we cannot know its consequences.
Nevertheless, some people disagree. They are sure that alternative
therapy is related to nature and it cannot have a negative influence on our
health. Maybe, it is true but I consider that people should not use alterna-
tive therapy because it can do harm and people can suffer because of it.
All in all, I believe that people should understand that modem medi-
cine is still developing nowadays. Every day new medicines and technolo-
gies appear. That is why traditional therapy can help people and cure them
effectively.
61.	Read the following fragments and change grammatical structure of
some sentences to avoid grammatical repetition.
I.	When we want to achieve our goals, we work hard and try to do our
best. We should concentrate on our task and plan our actions. We should
pay attention to different aspects of the work because it helps us to succeed.
Some people think that we should choose only one activity and try to do it
properly. Others consider that we should have several tasks and we should
organize our time and energy to complete them.
2.	Modem education gives a lot of opportunities. Students can choose
the university, they can study different subjects and they can study abroad.
Some people think that pupils can study in different countries and they can
widen their knowledge and develop their skills. Others consider that pupils
can study in their home country and it is the best possibility forthem.
3.	Our world faces a lot of ecological problems. It is necessary to save
our planet and reduce negative influences. It is necessary to change our
lifestyle. There are different types of ecological problems. One of them is
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation (the 3rd - 5th Criteria of Evaluation)	| 275
environmental pollution. Some people believe that it is necessary to solve
this problem first of all. Others consider that it is necessary to pay attention
to other ecological problems and solve all of them.
Письменная речь, кроме грамматической и лексической грамотности, дол-
жна характеризоваться правильным написанием слов и корректным исполь-
зованием пунктуационных знаков.
Орфографические ошибки могут свидетельствовать о невнимательности
или о недостаточной сформированности орфографических навыков, поэто-
му необходимо выполнять тренировочные упражнения, выписывать слова,
в которых допускаются ошибки.
Для того чтобы избежать пунктуационных ошибок, необходимо обращать
внимание на использование вводных фраз, которые в английском языке
выделяются запятыми, а также необходимо знать правила использования
запятой в сложных предложениях.
62.	A. Read the fifth criterion of evaluation, analyze the following essay
and state if it satisfies the requirements.
Орфография и пунктуация	
3 балла	Орфографические и пунктуационные ошибки отсутствуют
2 балла	Орфографические ошибки практически отсутствуют. Текст разделён на предложения с правильным пунктуационным оформлением
1 балл	Имеется ряд орфографических или/и пунктуационных оши- бок, в том числе те, которые незначительно затрудняют по- нимание текста (не более 4-х)
0 баллов	Правила орфографии и пунктуации не соблюдаются
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is necessary to follow and keep family traditions.
Others disagree because they think that such traditions are outdated and
old-fashioned.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
| 276 I Opinion Essays. Essential Essay Features
Family, a primary social group consisting of parents and their offspring,
forms our society. There are big and small families, one-parent and families
which have many children. They include parents, children, grandparents
and many other relatives. Some people think that the basis of any fam-
ily is its traditions which are observed by every member. Others believe
that traditions do not play an important role in the family life and they do
not influence the members.
To my mind, a family life will be happier if family members follow tra-
ditions. Firstly, they unite people and create friendly and warm atmosphere.
Secondly, families can have different traditions, for example, related to
holidays or special days. So relatives get together thanks to these traditions.
Thirdly, traditions can be passed down from family member to family mem-
ber. They mean respect for elder generations and support of younger ones.
However, some people think that traditions do not mean anything in
our modem society. They show that our life is so busy now and people do
not have any time to keep them. Besides, they say that some traditions are
a real waste of time. I do not agree with this opinion because traditions cre-
ate special atmosphere of happiness, unity and support.
To conclude, 1 would like to stress that it is impossible to imagine
a family without traditions which are followed by all the members. Family
happiness depends on these traditions which help people to develop rela-
tionships.
Напомним, что знание правил пунктуации — важный элемент письменной
речи. Обрати внимание на корректное использование запятой в английском
предложении. Правила пунктуации в русском языке и в английском не сов-
падают, поэтому нужно быть особенно внимательным при расстановке зна-
ков препинания, особенно запятой.
63.	Find the 8 spelling and 4 punctuation mistakes in each of the fol-
lowing fragments. Correct the sentences.
1.	Acording to my point of veiw the great influince of music on people is
obvious. Firstly we are surraunded by music and it is impossible to imag-
ine a day without it. Secondly, it can calm us if we are nevous. Thidly we
Writing Practice | 277
can remember historical eventes when music consolidated people and they
perfomed exploits owing to the fact that music inspirited them.
2.1 think that mobile fones are very usefull in our life. Firstly it is very
conveniant, as people can call each other anywhere. Secondly the teknol-
ogy of the cell phones helps us a lot. Each telephone has a carlendar, a
camera, the Internet, an alarm clock and others. No matter where we are
there is an oportunity to connect to the Internet, check your e-mails and
find any necessary information. Besides many parents buy cell phones for
their children just for safety. If a child gets into some treble he or she can
call emergency sirvices or parents.
3. However some people consider that if people want to be succesful
they should chanel their efforts. It is more eficient to do several tasks at
the same time. They meintain the idea that it helps you to produce several
results but it is important to channel your efforts. Moreover this ability pro-
vides progress. Besides they think that it helps you to be more organised
and dysciplined. Maybe it is true; I am sure that it is impossible to acheive
several gouls at the same time. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
WRITING PRACTICE
При написании письменного развернутого высказывания необходимо на-
учиться рационально использовать время. Для этого важно ограничивать
себя во времени и задавать определенный период каждый раз. Так, при-
вычка писать за короткий промежуток времени, предельная концентрация
внимания и психологический настрой на максимальную отдачу станут фак-
торами, способствующими успеху.
Распределяй время рационально:
Планирование эссе — 5 минут,
Написание вступления — 10 минут,
Написание основной части — 20 минут,
Написание заключения — 10 минут,
Проверка чернового варианта — 5 минут,
Переписывание в чистовик — 5 минут,
Проверка чистового варианта — 5 минут.
278 I Opinion Essays. Writing Practice
1.
Comment on the following statement.
Physical education is a necessary part of school education.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
2.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that happiness depends on people around you.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
3.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that when you are ill you will recover quicker if you stay in
bed.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
Writing Practice | 279 |
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
4.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think the job of nanotechnologist will be most needed in the
future.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
5.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that money makes the world go round.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
280 I Opinion Essays. Writing Practice
6.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that any person is totally responsible for what happens in
his life. Others believe that as a rule our mistakes depend on other people or
circumstances.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
7.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that there is no point studying the night before the exam.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
8.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that it is better to have than to wish.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Writing Practice | 281
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1 -2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
9.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that humans and animals have the same rights.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
10.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that riding a bicycle is the main way to reduce traffic
jams in big cities.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1 -2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
| 282 I Opinion Essays. Expert Practice
EXPERT PRACTICE
Analyze the following essays according to the criteria of evaluation.
Compare your marks in the group and discuss strength and weakness of
the essays.
	СХЕМА ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Содержание (3 балла)	Соответствие плану, предло- женному в задании							
	Объем высказывания соответствует поставленной задаче							
Организация тек- ста (3 балла)	Логичность							
	Деление на абзацы							
	Использование средств логической связи							
	Лексика (3 балла)							
	Грамматика (3 балла)							
	Орфография и пунктуация (2 балла)							
Comment on the following statement.
Some people believe that reading is the most important way to form one’s
personality.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Expert Practice | 283 |
1.
Nowadays more and more people believe that reading is the most im-
portant way in our life, that it can help us to develop one’s memory
and imagination. Books teach us how to be kind, brave and responsive. It’s
a perfect way to form good personality.
As for me, I think that books give us a possibility to travel, we can
learned a lot of new things. I read books from childhood and I can say
that it’s the most beautiful thing in our cruel world. I have some situations
how looks very much like in the books, and thanks to it, I knew how to
solve my problems. I have a little sister and she like read too, when she tired
or is out of humour, she took a book and read, and I can told that books is
a good remedy to be happy and forget about our problems.
Some people don’t think so, and they have different reasons, for ex-
ample don’t have a lot of time, some think that books is not important
part in our life and we can take knowledge from internet. This people have
a poor imagination and at times they don’t believe in the good side of our
life. But I can’t understand this people.
Books is an important part in our life. We can be a good person if we
read a kind stories. Reading is the most pleasant thing, and I hope that
everyone undestand it.
2.
Many people think that reading is very important in our life. It helps
us in different situations. Reading books helps people to form personality.
I agree with this opinion. I think that books are the best teachers, es-
pecially classical books. Firstly, all of them have a good lesson for every-
body; they teach us how to behave in different situations. On the basis of
experience of the heroes in our favorite books we can analyze this and live
another way and we must not to make such mistakes. That's why it is very
necessary to read a lot. Secondly, books make of course a great develop-
ment in our speech. With their help we know more and more. Books make
us intelligent.
There are also many people who do not think that books are useful.
They believe that everybody must learn how to live themselves, without any
help. Such persons prefer to learn on their faults and think that it is not im-
portant to read.
| 284 I Opinion Essays. Expert Practice
As for me, 1 think that it is very useful to learn on people's mistakes not
to repeat them.
In conclusion, I want to say that it is very useful and important to read
books to know more about everything, especially about our life, it's difficul-
ties, about different types of people. Reading books is the best way to form
personality.
3.
Reading occupies an important place in lives of educated people and I
believe, it is one of the best ways of spending free time of every person, or
at least it should be.
As for forming personality, 1 am not sure whether it is the most impor-
tant way or not but I definitely can say that books influence people signifi-
cantly. When we read a book we always meet characters we like or dislike.
If we like them, we’re trying to understand why they are so nice, we’re try-
ing to determine these pleasant qualities and features which we look for in
ourselves then. Especially books can influence emotional people who value
feelings most of all. I really believe it is true, because as for me, books often
“infect” me with their atmosphere, ideas and moods, I sometimes even
move into their world and imagine as if it is real.
May be there are those ones, for whom reading is just a source of
new information and knowledge deprived of any emotional side. The per-
sonality of such people is probably formed by real character of real society,
but not by imaginary ones. But still I’m sure that in majority of cases people
take much useful information from books and apply it in their own experi-
ence. That’s why reading is an important way of forming personality.
4.
Reading is one of the characteristic activities of any educated person.
People have been reading since the appearance of written language. How
can we describe the influence of books on our personality? Some people
think that books are the most important teachers. Others are sure that per-
sonality depends on different factors.
To my mind, the book is our best friend and its influence on our char-
acter is of paramount importance. First of all, books can help us to un-
derstand all secrets of our world and to solve complicated situations. In
Expert Practice | 285 |
addition, books show us positive and negative actions and behavior and they
form our qualities, for example, courage, kindness, generosity, etc. Finally,
our opinions are formed after reading a book and we can explain those us-
ing scientific facts.
Nevertheless, some people argue that there are a lot of ways to form
personality apart from books. They believe that our personality is very
complicated and it is influenced by a great number of factors from people
around us to music or theatre. That is why it is impossible to consider the
books as the main way. But to be frank, I cannot agree with it completely.
Books contain our history, they predict our future and they explain our
thoughts and give us ideas.
In conclusion, I think that there is nothing better than book. It is our
best friend and adviser. It is important to inspire children to read books. It
will provide humane education and it will form strong personality.
5.
Even in our childhood parents try to accustom us to read books. They
teach them to be kind and honest, make them cleverer and more atten-
tive, and they help them to develop a good imagination. Nowadays we need
books to study, to spend our time, to find some useful information. We can-
not imagine our life without books.
Many people say that books are the best way to form personality. From
the moment of birth books accompany us when mothers read fairytales and
short poems because reading helps children to learn quicker to talk, learn
new things, better understand the surrounding world and create the basic
perception of life.
But books can be different, especially nowadays. Some contemporary
authors write stories oriented not to educate but degrade the morals. They
may become best sellers but not the best tutors.
There are more ways to form personality besides reading. You can go in
for sports, travelling, exploring new horizons, communicating with new in-
teresting people. You also may find out your hidden talents and try to de-
velop them.
Forming personality requires a lot of different things such as life experi-
ence, people we live with, visiting new places, but the best off all is to read.
| 286 I Opinion Essays. Expert Practice
6.
The role of reading is extremely important in the life of any person.
Reading enriches life and spiritual world of people. Literature gives us
enormous, colossal life experience. It makes us more intelligent and broad-
minded, greatly develops our sense of beauty. It is not surprising that a load
of people believe that reading is the most important way to form personality.
As for me, I completely support this point of view. I certainly think that
reading makes us wiser and helps us in our everyday life. I firmly believe
literature fills us with new ideas and thoughts, broadens our horizon and
eventually makes us stronger, more reasonable so it, without any doubts,
forms us as respected and dignified personality.
However, there are other opinions towards the importance of reading
nowadays and I suppose it is worth of special mention. The advancement
of the Internet and computers make people’s life more enjoyable and en-
tertaining. Some people suppose that now in time of the development of
high technologies the significance of reading is small, they do not even get
the idea to spare some time to reading. In my opinion it is wrong, unaccept-
able and even terrifying. There is no future of our society without literature,
without reading books.
In conclusion, I would like to add that it is impossible to imagine our
life without reading books. People should change their opinions towards
reading books because only a book will help us to become a real personality.
7.
It is evident that reading plays an important role in our life. It teaches
us to imagine, to think and to analyze the world around us. There are some
arguments related to reading. One of them is its aim. Some people hold
the idea that reading helps to form our personality. Meanwhile, others con-
sider that it is not the only aspect of reading.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that reading has a lot
of important features. Firstly, it can make us more sensible and worrying.
Secondly, reading introduces a real life to us. Thirdly, it shares the experi-
ence from one generation to another.
However, some people are sure that reading only forms our personality.
They believe that if a person reads a book he must analyze what he reads
Expert Practice | 287 |
and make his own opinion about it. This process helps to develop our in-
dividuality. Although it seems true I must note that the aim of reading is
much wider and includes the development not only the one person, but the
whole generation.
Taking into account the aspects of reading we may reach the conclu-
sion that the role of reading is very important. It opens the whole world
and shows the best of it. It is impossible to doubt its great influence on our
personality and on all the humankind.
ANSWER KEYS
State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students
17.
Reference to the previous contacts	Reference to the future contacts
1. Thank you for your letter, it’s great to receive it. ...2. Thanks for your re- cent letter. 4. Thanks for your letter. 5. It was so nice to hear your news. 6. Thank you for your letter. 9. I’m happy to learn about your news. 10. I was happy to get your letter. 16. Sorry it’s been so long since I wrote. 17. Thanks for your letter. 18. It was nice of you to drop me a letter. 19. I’m happy to hear from you again. 20. I’m happy to receive your letter.	3. Looking forward to hearing from you! ...7. Write back soon. 8. I’m looking for- ward to your answer. 11. Hope to hear from you soon. 12. Drop me a line when you are free. 13. Looking forward to your letter. 14. Write soon! 15. Keep in touch!
18.
The greeting	The reference to the previous contact	The reference to the future contact	The closing sentence	The addresser’s name
Dear Paul,	It was great to receive your letter.	Write back soon!	With love	Igor
25.
119 words
29.
— address: 1. a; 2. b; 3. c; 4. b;
— date: 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. c.
State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students | 289 |
35.
Letter 1.
In your letter you asked me about my plans for this summer. I’m going to vis-
it my granny. She lives in Moscow that’s why I’ll go sightseeing there. I want
to visit the Kremlin and go to Arbat street. Besides, I’d like to see the monument
to Yuri Dolgoruky and to A. Pushkin. As for me, I prefer to go by plane. My
parents have already booked the tickets. It’ll take us 4 hours to get to Moscow.
Letter 2.
In your letter you want to know about my attitude towards the countryside.
My granny lives in a village now far from Rostov. We often visit her. Of course,
I like to stay there because we usually go to the forest and swim in the lake. Be-
sides, my granny has got a lovely garden with a lot of flowers and fruit trees. Last
time I went there in autumn. How wonderful it was! As for living in the country, I
wouldn’t like to move there because there are no places of interest there.
Letter 3.
As for me, I wouldn’t like to appear on the stage because I don’t have a tal-
ent and I’m very shy. Though I like to go to the theatre and watch performances
because they make us think about different problems and about our life. What’s
more, I’m excited about the actors because they create a new world on the stage.
I was in the theatre last autumn. “Swan Lake” was on. It was great! Besides, 1 was
so impressed by the music and the actors.
37.
1. address, 2. date, 3. greeting, 4. reference to the previous contacts, 5. main
body of the letter, 6. reference to the future contacts, 7. final formula, 8. the ad-
dresser’s name.
40.
6.	Samara
Russia
2.13/04/2012
1.	Dear Jane,
7.	Thanks so much for your letter. It was interesting to read about your news.
3.	It’s a pity that you have arguments with your friend. As for me, we don’t
argue about such things with my friends. They like cinema a lot and we don’t
have any difficulties related to films and the place where to watch them. What’s
more, we often go to the cinema and we never miss a chance to watch a new
blockbuster. As a rule, we watch films in the cinema twice or three times a month.
So I can say that we prefer cinema to videos.
| 290 I Answer Key
4.	I’d better go now and help my mother. Keep in touch!
5.	With love,
8.	Igor
41.
B.
1. We use and to link ideas in one sentence. (^) 2. We use also and what’s
more to link ideas in two sentences. (^) 3. We put also before the verb to be and
after other verbs. (*) We put it after the verb to be and before other verbs. 4. We
use butto contrast ideas in two sentences. (*) We use butto contrast ideas in one
sentence. 5. We use however and though to contrast ideas in two sentences. (^)
6. We put however and though at the end of the sentence. (*) We put however at
the beginning of the sentence and though at the end. 7. We always put a com-
ma (,) after what’s more and however. (^)
48.
Letter I.
1.	Receive, 2. staying, 3. taking, 4. boring, 5. feel. 6. stay, 7. meet, 8. fall,
9. worried, 10. catch.
Letter 2.
1.	wonderful, 2. came, 3. become, 4. pretty, 5. tall, 6. responsible, 7. met,
8. visited.
Letter 3.
1.	know, 2. news, 3. attitude, 4. hobby, 5. collecting, 6. boring, 7. learn,
8. look for, 9. active, 10. practice.
49.
Letter 1. 1. Chose, 2. agree, 3. will change, 4. Believe, 5. won’t use, 6. pol-
lute, 7. will invent, 8. won’t fall, 9. to live, 10. to see.
Letter 2. 1. Went, 2. visited, 3. went, 4. was, 5. took, 6. were, 7. had, 8. played,
9. danced, 10. sang, 11. was, 12. was.
Letter 3. 1. Shall try, 2. don’t mind, 3. hate, 4. are, 5. was.
50.
1.	It is important for all of us to prepare for our future career. 2. Last time
we went to the mountains. 3. It is so terrible that you have tests every day! 4. We
usually have test once a month. 5. I can dance very well and I participate in the
concerts as a dancer. 6. My granny is a doctor and she doesn’t want to retire.
7. In July my parents and I are going to visit Saint Petersburg. 8. There is a sofa,
State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students | 291
a desk, a TV, a wardrobe and an armchair in my room. 9. You can see different
photos on the walls. 10. I like to listen to music or watch TV in my spare time.
11. Yesterday I went shopping with my mum and I bought a wonderful blouse.
12. We are fond of different kinds of books. 13. My parents work a lot so I have to
help them about the house. 14.1 can’t imagine my life without sports. 15.1 go to
the swimming pool three times a week and play volleyball in our school gym on
Wednesday and Saturday.
51.
1.	They are related to my future career. 2.1 couldn’t answer at once because I
was ill. 3. Written exams are better than oral ones. 4. It is terrible that he has tests
every day! 5. It mates them very nervous. 6. I usually take part in different per-
formances which are organized in our school. 7. She doesn’t look like her grand-
mother. 8. She has got short blond hair and brown eyes. 9. My Granny isn’t in-
terested in gardening but she likes collecting decorative plates. 10. We are going
to organize a dancing party on Saturday.
52.
1. We usually go to the cinemas or to the parks. 2. My dream is to go sight-
seeing there. 3.1 can dance very well. 4. My parents and I often argue about pock-
et money (correct) 5. As for a part-time job, I haven’t decided yet. 6. He is in-
terested in this hobby a lot (correct) 7. He has been playing football for 5 years.
8. Maybe I’ll work in August. 9. It is always difficult for me to make new friends,
(correct) 10. Every Friday we organize literature meeting and discuss different
books, (correct) 11.1 clean my room every week and 1 try to make it more com-
fortable. 12.1 usually play computer games or surf the Net. 13. There’s a sofa, two
armchairs and a TV in it. 14. You can see different posters of my favorite singers
on the walls.
53.
Letter 1	Letter 2
—	—
—	—
the	—
my	friend
to	on
to	been
| 292 I Answer Key
the	to
are	is
with	the
are	very
the	the
the	is
too	be
did	am
were	the
also	either
the	to
—	—
—	—
54.
Letter 1: 1. liked, 2. asked, 3. go, 4. are, 5. dance, 6. watched, 7. impressed
Letter 2: 1. Are, 2. like 3. don’t have 4. admire 5. would recommend
56.
Letter 1.
Moscow
Russia
12th April, 2012
Dear Jane,
Thank you for your letter. I’m so happy to get your letter. It was very interest-
ing for me to learn about your news!
In your letter you ask me about trendy clothes and their role in my life. As for
me, I don’t pay attention to the fashion. I think that the most important feature
of clothes is comfort. I seldom go shopping for clothes. As a rule, my mother
buys jeans and T-shirts for me. Of course, I don’t spend much money on clothes.
Sorry, I have to do my homework now. Keep in touch!
Best wishes,
Denis
State Exam Preparation Course for the 9th-Year Students | 293
Letter 2.
Volgograd
Russia
23rd May, 2012
Dear Betsy,
I was happy to hear from you! It was interesting for me to learn about your
news.
In your letter you want to know about a typical meal in Russia. The main
meal in Russia is dinner and people have it at about 2 o’clock. As for me, I have
dinner when 1 come home after school. We usually have soup, a meat or fish dish
and some fruit for dinner. As you can see it’s a rather heavy meal! I don’t like to
have a snack when I’m hungry. Besides, I understand that it’s harmful for my
health.
Sorry I must help my mother now. Write back soon!
All the best,
Olesya
Letter 3.
Kostroma
Russia
4th October, 2012
Dear Jim,
I’m happy to get your letter. Sorry I couldn’t answer at once because I was
busy with my tests.
In your letter you ask me about my attitude towards advice. I think it’s im-
portant to take into consideration other people’s advice. When I need advice, I
always speak to my mum. I usually explain the situation. As a rule, she listens to
me carefully and tries to help me. Besides, I usually analyze the situation, think
about advantages and disadvantages and then make my own decision. What’s
more, sometimes I follow advice but sometimes I don’t. Of course, I’ve given
advice to my friends several times. It helped them.
Take care!
With love,
Rita
294 I Answer Key
57.
Letter 1.
Omsk
Russia
22nd May, 2012
Dear Helen,
Thanks for your letter. I’m happy that you’ll have holidays soon! It’s really
the best time for all schoolchildren!
As for me, I’m rather tired of my studies and my homework. That’s why I
want my holidays to start soon! What’s more, I have got a lot of plans for this
time. I’m going to visit my granny. Besides, my parents and I want to go to the
seaside. We haven’t decided yet. My mum would like to go to Turkey but my
father prefers Sochi. I think holidays are the best time to learn something new. I
want to join our aircraft modelling club.
Write back soon!
With love,
Misha
Letter 2.
Tomsk
Russia
14/10/2012
Dear Julia,
I’m happy to get your letter! It’s really exciting news that you’re going to visit
Russia!
Russia is a wonderful country with a rich culture and great history. The best
way to get around Russia is travelling by train. If you choose this mean of trans-
port, you can see a lot of towns. I think you should visit ancient Russian cities,
for example, Suzdal or Novgorod. They’re related to Russian history and you
can see a lot of places of interest there. However, I’m sure that the main tourist
attraction in Russia is the Kremlin and its churches, museums and other sights.
Sorry I must help my father. Looking forward to seeing you in Russia!
With love,
Serge
State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students | 295
Letter 3.
Pyatigorsk
Russia
12th May, 2012
Dear Jane,
I’m glad to get your letter. My holiday was fantastic! Of course, I want to tell
you about it.
As you know, we went to Sochi with my classmates. It was a five-day trip.
We went by train there. It took us a night to get to Sochi. We stayed at a hotel.
I lived with my friend in a double room. We enjoyed the picturesque sea from the
window. I was impressed by our visit to Krasnaya Poliana. The Olympic Games
will take place there. Of course, I would like to go to Sochi once more because
I liked the holiday very much!
1 have to go now and do my homework. Write back soon!
With love,
Ann
State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students
5.
Aspects of the task	I answer the questions mentioned in my pen-friend’s letter. I ask 3 questions to him according to the topic in the task.
Style of the letter	I start with Dear and my pen-friend’s first name. I end the letter with an informal final formula (With love, Best wishes, etc) and my first name.
Rules of letter writ- ing (etiquette)	I write about previous contacts. I express my hope for the future contacts.
Logic	I write clearly. I write reasonably formulated sentences. I write properly-organized paragraphs. I use appropriate linking words.
Paragraph division	I divide the text into paragraphs logically.
Normative structure	I write the greetings on a new line. I write my first name on a new line at the end of the letter. I write an informal final formula on a new line. I write my address in the top right-hand comer. I write the date after the address.
| 296 I Answer Key
Grammar, vocabu- lary, spelling, punc- tuation	1 use grammar structures and words according to the task. I use various grammar structures according to the task. 1 use various words and phrases according to the task. 1 write without spelling and punctuation mistakes.
17.
Letter 1.
Where will the competition take place? How are you training for the compe-
tition? Will it be difficult to win in this competition?
Letter 2.
How often do you have meetings in your Drama club? What do you usually
discuss at the meetings? How many people usually take part in them?
Letter 3.
How often do you go to the library? What books did you take yesterday? Did
the librarian help you to choose the book?
23.
Sorry, I couldn’t answer at once because I was so busy with my exams.
Sorry, I didn’t answer earlier because of my trip to Prague.
Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for a while but 1 haven’t been very well.
Sorry, I couldn’t write you my answer at once because 1 was ill.
Sorry for not having written earlier but 1 was too busy with my school.
Sorry, I haven’t answered earlier because I was preparing for my contest.
Sorry for not having written earlier because I’ve went away with my parents.
Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for a while but I’ve been preparing for the
conference.
25.
Sympathy	Emotional reaction to the news	Advice
1. Poor you! 8. What a shame! 9. I’m sorry to hear ... 10. I completely understand...12. It must be terrible... 15. What sad news! 17. It’s a real disas- ter!	2. I’m so glad! 4. What great news! 5. How fan- tastic it is! 13. I was very glad to learn ... 14. What a brilliant idea! 16. What a great success!	3. I really think you should...6. How about..? 7. You could... 11. It might be a good idea if...
State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students | 297 |
26.
1,- H; 2, —A; 3.-G; 4,- B; 5,- C; 6,- D; 7,- E; 8, —J; 9. — M; 10,-
F; 11.— K; 12,-L; 13.-0; 14,-N.
29.
1. - D; 2. - E; 3. - A; 4. - C; 5. - B; 6. - F; 7. - G.
42.
Novgorod
Russia
5/10/2012
Dear Jane,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to receive it! It’s a pity you get so ner-
vous when you get up on the stage! You should be more confident!
1 think that it’s important to be more confident because it helps you to
participate in different events. Moreover, you become more successful and can
achieve your goals. As for me, I feel embarrassed when I have to take part in con-
ferences. But it passes quickly when I begin to present my report. I imagine that
the people who are listening to me are my friends. So it helps me to calm down!
What about your History test? What mark did you get? Was it difficult for
you? Did you make any mistakes?
Sorry I must go now. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Alina
44.
Condition	Addition	Cause/effect	Contrast
Unless, as long as	In addition to, along with, as well as, furthermore, moreover	Due to, as a result of, because of, consequently, so, therefore,	As an alternative, even though, despite, in spite of, alternatively, although, though
298 I Answer Key
46.
Letter 1.
Stavropol
Russia
17th November, 2012
Dear Betty,
I’m glad to get your letter. Sorry 1 couldn’t answer at once because I was busy
with my training.
In your letter you ask me about my parents and our relations. Although we
sometimes have arguments we get on well. As a result of it we usually discuss dif-
ferent things. What’s more, we like to spend time together. We sometimes argue
about my clothes as I always wear jeans and a T-shirt. On the other hand, 1 try to
explain my view and they try to understand me.
Well, what do you want to do in summer? Are you going to travel? Would you
like to go to the seaside?
I must go to the library. Write back soon!
Best wishes,
Arina
Letter 2.
Izhevsk
Russia
21/11/2012
Dear Susan,
It’s great to get your letter! It’s a pity you don’t get on with your cousin!
My cousin lives in Perm. We see each other in summer. We also have little in
common in spite of it we like to spend time together. What’s more, we usually go
to the park or to the cafe. Besides, we have a lot of topics to discuss. In addition,
I’m fond of reading and learning foreign languages because I like to think about
characters and I want to read books in the original. On the contrary, my cousin is
keen on sports and travelling. Of course, it doesn’t get on my nerves if people
have different interests!
Are you interested in modern technologies? Have you got a computer?
What is the most important device for you?
Take care!
Best wishes,
Igor
State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th-Year Students | 299
Letter 3.
Penza
Russia
22nd December, 2012
Dear Margaret,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to get it! I wish you good luck with your
exams!
As for me, I get very nervous when I’m preparing for my exams! What’s
more, I can’t sleep well due to nightmares. On the other hand, I’m sure that you
learn how to concentrate and they help to check your possibilities. Furthermore,
the best way to revise for exams is to write the main concepts of the topics, defi-
nitions, etc. Besides, I like to do tests on-line. To my mind, exams are necessary
and it’s an effective way to check up our knowledge. Though it’s really difficult
to prepare for them!
What exams are you preparing for? When will you take them? Are you ner-
vous about them?
Write back soon!
With love,
Marina
47.
Dislike: I’m not comfortable about/with..., ... is not what I expected/was
expecting, I’m unhappy about..., I don’t like..., Unfortunately ..., ... is too +
adjective.
Apology: I’m sorry that..., I regret that..., Please forgive me for...
Needs/desires: I would like to..., What I’m looking for is ...
Gratitude: Thank you very much for..., I’m grateful to you for...
Pleasure: I’m very keen to..., I was delightful about..., I appreciated ..., ...
was very impressive...,... was enjoyable.
53.
A.	Commas: In your letter you asked me about my plans for the summer. First
of all, I’m going to find a part-time job. If I earn a little money, I’ll go to the sea-
side with my friends. Besides, I’d like to visit my Granny in August but I haven’t
decided yet. I’ve forgotten to tell you about Helen, the girl I met last year in the
campsite. We made friends. What’s more, we wrote letters to each other during
the year and she’s going to come to me in July.
B.	Apostrophes: I’m happy to get your letter. Sorry I haven’t answered you
earlier because I was busy at school. Guess what? My cousin came to me yester-
day. She’s so nice and we’ve got a lot in common. My cousin’s favourite hobby is
300 I Answer Key
taking pictures. She’ll take pictures in the mountains. The scenery is so pictur-
esque there!
C.	Capital letters: Of course, my favourite subject at school is English. It’s
so wonderful to know it. Besides, I want to study French or Spanish. My friend
Helen advises me to take up Spanish. She was in Spain last year and she is de-
lighted with it! I would like to go to Barcelona.
D.	Punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence: What a wonderful day it is
today! In the morning when I was going to school, I met my teacher of Literature
and she said that I had won the contest of essays. It’s unbelievable! Have you ever
taken part in any contests or competitions?
54.
1.	Запятая ставится после обстоятельственного придаточного предло-
жения, если они стоит в начале предложения перед главным. When Iсате
home, I helped ту mother about the house.
2.	Запятая не ставится, если придаточное предложение следует за глав-
ным. / helped ту mother about the house when I came home.
3.	Запятая ставится после вводных слов или выражений для отделения
их от остальной части предложения. By the way, I will go to the campsite in
July.
4.	Запятая ставится после слова also, стоящего в начале предложения
для усиления. Also, we decided to apologize to him.
5.	Запятая ставится для отделения любой части предложения, содер-
жащей дополнительную информацию. Yesterday I met Jane, who told me she
had passed her exams successfully.
6.	Запятая не ставится, если часть предложения имеет характер пояс-
нения или уточнения The village we had rest last year is situated at the seaside.
7.	Запятая ставится при перечислении однородных определений. We
bought pink, red, yellow, green and blue balloons for her birthday party.
8.	Запятая ставится в разделительных вопросах для отделения вопро-
сительной части. She is a doctor, isn't she?
9.	Запятая ставится перед словами too и either в значении «тоже»/«так-
же». Не will take part in the concert, too. She didn’t come to the party, either.
Opinion Essays
9.	A.
1.	Topic sentence: Family is the smallest part of our society which plays
a very important role nowadays.
Opinion Essays | 301
2.	Topic sentence: Health is the most important value in our life.
3.	Topic sentence: Teenagers usually face a lot of problems.
B.
The first sentence of the paragraph introduces the topic of a paragraph. It
hooks the reader. The first sentence of the paragraph is clear. It avoids unclear
and empty language and clarifies the main topic. It is concise because it is rather
confusing to read wordy topic sentences. It is interesting. It captures the reader’s
attention and sparks readers’ interest.
12.
l.G,2.D, 3.E, 4. A, 5. F, 6.C, 7. B.
41.
Essay 1 — model C, essay 2 — model D, essay 3 — model E, essay 4 — mo-
del A.
42.
Essay 1. To conclude, it is important to note that London is a fantastic city
with fascinating sights and wonderful places of interest. Tourists can visit different
places such as museums, galleries, parks, etc. It is clear that a great number of
museums can be considered as one of the most important features of the capital
of Great Britain but it is not the main feature. I am sure that the most outstanding
characteristic is related to the atmosphere of this city and its ancient buildings.
Essay 2. All in all, a friendly working environment is a very important factor
but it is not the main one. People spend a lot of time at work. If they are angry or
cunning, they cannot create a real teamwork. It will make impossible to achieve
their goals.
47. B.
Condition	Addition	Cause/effect	Contrast
Unless, as long as	In addition to, along with, as well as, furthermore, moreover	Due to, as a result of, because of, consequently, so, therefore,	As an alternative, even though, despite, in spite of, alternatively, although, though
302 I Answer Key
Contrast	Addition	Example	Reason	Result	Conclusion
However, Neverthe- less,	Further- more, Moreover, Besides, Conse- quently,	For example,	because	As a result, And so,	All in all,
52.
Paragraph 1:3, 1, 4, 2, 5. Paragraph 2: 3, 2, 1, 4. Paragraph 3: 3, 2, 1, 4.
Paragraph 4: 3, 2, 1.
53.
D. A. B.C.
63.
1. According to my point of view, the great influence of music on people is
obvious. Firstly, we are surrounded by music and it is impossible to imagine a day
without it. Secondly, it can calm us if we are nervous. Thirdly, we can remember
historical events when music consolidated people and they performed exploits
owing to the fact that music inspirited them.
2.1 think that mobile phones are very useful in our life. Firstly, it is very con-
venient, as people can call each other anywhere. Secondly, the technology of the
cell phones helps us a lot. Each telephone has a calendar, a camera, the Internet,
an alarm clock and others. No matter where we are there is an opportunity to
connect to the Internet, check your e-mails and find any necessary information.
Besides, many parents buy cell phones for their children just for safety. If a child
gets into some trouble, he or she can call emergency services or parents.
3. However, some people consider that if people want to be successful,
they should channel their efforts. It is more efficient to do several tasks at the
same time. They maintain the idea that it helps you to produce several results
but it is important to channel your efforts. Moreover, this ability provides prog-
ress. Besides they think that it helps you to be more organized and disciplined.
Maybe it is true; I am sure that it is impossible to achieve several goals at the same
time. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
CONTENTS
Введение .......................................................... 3
Personal Letters....................................................5
State Exam Preparation Course for the 9h-Year Students...............5
Letter Writing Rules............................................5
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation................................14
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation................................37
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation
(the 3rd and the 4th Criteria of Evaluation)...................60
Writing Practice...............................................84
Expert Practice................................................87
State Exam Preparation Course for the 11th- Year Students..........93
Essential Letter Writing Features..............................93
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation...............................100
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation...............................145
The 3rd Criterion of Evaluation...............................158
Writing Practice............................................. 167
Expert Practice.............................................. 171
Opinion Essays....................................................178
Essential Essay Features......................................178
The 1st Criterion of Evaluation...............................181
Learn How to Write Each Paragraph ............................188
The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation...............................254
Checking Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation
(the 3rd — 5th Criteria of Evaluation)........................269
Writing Practice..............................................277
Expert Practice...............................................282
Answer Keys.......................................................288
Готовимся к ЕГЭ
Учебное издание
Бодоньи Марина Алексеевна
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ПОДГОТОВКА К ГИА-9 И ЕГЭ.
ЗАДАНИЯ С РАЗВЁРНУТЫМ ОТВЕТОМ:
ЛИЧНОЕ ПИСЬМО, ЭССЕ (Cl, С2)
Учебно-методическое пособие
Обложка В. Кириченко
Компьютерная верстка Л. Ильинов
Корректор М. Федорова
Подписано в печать 25.06.2012.
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