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HaKoHeu, HOMepoM 0603HalfaeTcH TO.'ll.l(Hua Jle3BFlH FlfJlbl: lfeM
TOHbllie HfJla, TeM HII)Ke, T e. MeHbwe ee HOMCp. COrJlaCHO TOMY )Ke
fOCTy HOMep Hf.'JbJ lfHCJleHHO paBeH .!J.HaMeTpy Jle3BHH, Bblpa)KeUHO-
MY B COTblX .n:OJlHX MIIJlJlHMeTpa.
TaK, HanpHMep, Hf.'la N!! 65 HMeeT .!J.llaMeTp Jle3BHH 0,65 MM, HfJla
:a<e N!! 230 - 2,3 IM. TaKOH cnocoo 0603Ha'IeUHH HOMepa HrJlbI, xa-
paKTepH3YIoIUefo ee TOJIr.uHHY B pa60lJeH lJaCTH, B CHJlY cBoeH KOHKpeT-
HOCTH H:'leeT 60JlbWOe npeHMYIUeCTBO nepe,!!. CTapblM cnoc060M 060-
3HaqeHHH YCJIOBHblMH 'iHCJlaMH, KaK HanpHMep oN!! II, 14, 16, 18, 19.
<).
_1 H T..n:.
HanpHMep, HrJ1a ceMeHHoi'I lliBeHHOH MaIllHHbI 2-M KJIacca OM3
14
l'a6.QHLl8 I
THII Hr f N
no rocT I
1322--55
THII nr JlN
THII HrJ'lN
I-A
1-6
1-.l{
2-A
2-r
2-E H 4-JI.
2->K
3-T
4-r\
9-A
9-D
II-A
15-6
21-A
7XI
134VR
81XI
142X5
68X3
97XI
IClle TeMa 253
110 rOCT
7322-55
no CTSPOMY
o603Hal.leHHIO
110 rOCT
7322-55
I no CTapoMY
u(So3I1a..,eHMIO
24Xl
24>::1
135XI
16X231
135X7
58Xl
214Xl
3-A
3-6
3-n
3-E
3-H
3-n
3-C
71X1
15Xl
13X1
16X2
13X2
14X2
\7 X 2
Ti-IGnHua 2
HOMeI' Hr JlN HOMep MrAN
lIMa"eT!, IIJU!JIIH3 .QH3MeTp 1lI1!PltH3
110 fOCT 110 CTapOMY Jle3BHH, YUlK3. no fOCT no CTa pO'.: y ..le"3BJlH. YWK8,
o6ooH3..e- MM -..M 7322-55 0603H,,- '1M "u.s
1322-55 HHIO 1feHHIU
60 7 0,60 0,22 130 21 1,30 0,48
6.5 9 0,65 0,24 150 22 1,50 0,54
70 10 0,70 0,26 170 23 1,70 0,62
75 11 0,75 O,2R 190 24 1.90 0,68
80 12 0,80 0,30 210 'r 2,10 0,76
-;)
85 13 0,85 O,3 230 26 2,30 0,85
90 14 0,90 0,34 250 27 2,50 0,94
100 16 1,00 0,38 280 28 2,80 1.04
110 18 1,10 0,42 300 29 3,00 1,12
120 19 1,20 0,44 - - - - I
OTHOCHTCSI K I-MY Tlmy rpynnbI D. YCJlOBHOe 0603HalfeUHe TaKO" Hr.lb1
C .n:HaMeTpOM Jle3BHH 0,65- 6yn.eT: 1-0-65 (faCT 7322-55).
B Ta6J1. 1 AaHbI HeKOTopble HaH60.1ee ynoTpe6.1He:l.ibIe II fJl bI no
HOBOMY H no cTapoMY 0603HalJeHI-lIO.
HOMepa HrJl no HOBOMY II CTapo:\-IY 0603Ha'IeHUlO C )' Ka3aUHeM
iJ.UaMeTpa Jle3BHH H umpHubl YIlIKa npHBe.J.eubI B Ta6.1. 2.
lLJlH y.n:06cTBa KpeniIeHHH nf.lbl B !Ir JlOBOJ1.FlTe.'1e 06b1'-1HO !Ir JlbI pa3-
JlHlfHblX HOMepoB o.n:Horo H TOro )Ke THna IIMelOT OmUIaKoBYIO no lIHa-
MeTpy KOJl6y. On.IIaKO .!J.JIH HCKOTOpbIX I(.'laCCOB MalliHH, B KOTOpbIX
3a30p Me}K.n:y lfeJIHOKQ;\1 H I-If.1Oii lIe perYJlHpyeTcH \B :\laIllHHax 4, 18,
19-ro H .n:pyrux KJlaCCOB 01\\3), HfJ1bI O!l.HOfO H Toro me THna, uO pa3-
IIbIX HOMepoB HMeIOT pa3HbIe .LI.HaMeTpbI Ko.'16, HanpH:\Iep HfJ1b1 THna
3-E rOCT 7322-55 (16X231 no CTapOMY 0603H3ljeUHIO) .n:o N' 110
I-IMelOT KO.'l6y .n:I-IaMeTpOM 1,65 i\lM, .1\i\? 120 HMeeT .n:uaMeTp KOJl6bI
1,90 MM, a HrJlbI N!! 130 H BblIlle I-IMeIOT .!J.H3MeTp KOJlObI 2,06 MM.
BJlarOAapH 3TOMY 3330p Me)K.n:y UOCHKOM lfeJlHOKa H .'1e3BHeM D..'JH<
pa3J1HlJHblX HOMepOB Hf.'Jbl OCTaeTCH nO'ITH nOCTOflHHbIM (OKO.l0
0,1 !\1M).
15

I
I
HfJIbl 0.n:1l0fO nIDa C pa3JIH'lHhlMH .n:HaMeTpaMH KOJI6 'C03JJ.aIOT lIe-
y.n:06CTBa npH KpenJIeHHH HX B HfJIOBO.n:HTeJIe (OC06eHHO .n:JIH MHoro-
HfOJlbHblX MaIlIHH). I
B ceMeHHhlX MallIHHax 'lalUe BcefO npHMeHHIOTCH HrJIbl C OJ1.HHa-
KOBblM .n:HaMeTpOM KOJI6hl .n:JIH pa3JIH'lHbIX HOMepOB. I
O.n:HHaKOBoe nOJIO}l{eHHe Jle3BHH pa3JIH'-IHbIX HOMepOB HfJIbl OTHOCH-
TeJlbHO HOCHKa 'leJIl'IOKa .n:OCTHraeTCH 3a C'leT pa3JIH'lHOH f JIy6HHbi
JIblCOK :13 KOJI6e. HanpHMep, fJIy6HHa JlbICKH .n:JlH HfJIbl N!! 130 paBHa
0.18 MM, a .n:JIH HfJIbl N!! 65-0,44 MM. /
4T06bl HCHee npe.n:CT3BHTb ce6e Ha3Ha'leHHe OT.n:eJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB
Hf Jlbl, paccMoTpHM BblfiOJlHHeMble elO cpYHKI.{HH. f
I. npOKOJI MaTepHaJia
CUlHBaeMLIH MaTepHaJl paCnOJIafaeTCH 06bI'lHO Ha HfOJIbHOH nJla-
CTHHKe, 3aKpenJIeUHOH BHHTaMH Ha pa60'leM CTOJIe HJIH nJlaTcpopMe
MaIlIHHbl.
CBepxy MaTepHaJI npH}I{HMaeTcH B 60JIbIlIHHCTBe cJlY'laeB Ha}l{H-
l\IaTeJIbHOH JlanKOH, a npH IlIHTbe KO}l{H - '1aCTO Ha}l{HM'HbIM po-
JIHKOM.
B HfOJIbHOH n.laCTHHKe .n:JIS!: npoxo.n:a I-IfJlbl .!J.eJlaeTCH oT,BepcTHe.
OpOKOJl MaTepHaJla HfJlOH npe.n:cTaBJIHeT .n:OBOJlbHO ,CJlO}l{HOe HB-
JIeHHe. OpOKaJIbI.BaH TKaHb, HfJIa MO}l{eT npoxo.n:HTb Me}l{.n:y HHTKaMH
OCHOBbl H YTKa, H3 KOTOpbIX COCTOHT TKaHb, pa3.n:BHfaH ux CBOHM
oCTpHeM B 'CTOpOHbl H He nOBpe}l{.n:aH: OHa MO}l{eT TaK}I{e nona.n:aTb B
HHTKH, nOBpe}l{.n:aH HX HJlH Jl.a}l{e pa3p)'IlIaH.
npH IlIHTbe HenJlOTHbIX TKaHeH - cpJIaHeJIH, 6YMa3eH, 6aHKH Ma-
TepHa.'l npH npOKOJIe nO'lTH He nOBpe}l{.!J.aeTCH I-I He TepHeT CBoeH npo'l-
HOCTH.
HaH60JIblIIeMY nOBpe}l{.n:eHHIO no.n:BepfalOTCH nJlOTHbIe TKaHH THna
!l.pana. TKaHH Cpe.'I.H-eH nJIOTHOCTH - 6H3b, IlIeBHOT, TpHKO, CHTeI.{ K
nOBpe}l{.n:eUHIO MeHee 'lYBCTBI-ITeJIbHbi. npI-I CIlIHBaHHH HeCKOJIbKHX
CJIOeB MaTepHaJIa BHYTpeHHHe CJlOH nO.!J.BepfalO'f\CS!: HaH60JlblIIeMY no-
Bpe}l{.n:eHHIO.
EOJlbIlIOe BJIHHHHe Ha npopy6KY TKaHH OKa3bIBaeT TaK}I{e YfOJI 3a-
OCTpeHHH HfJlbi. npI-IMeHeHHe HfJI C .n:BoiiHOH 3aTO'lKOH JIe3BHH YMeHb-
IlIaeT npopy6KY npH CIlIHBaHHH TpHKOTa}l{a. .lI.JlH IlIBeHHblX MaIlIHH,
CIlII-fBaIOlUI-fX TKaHH H TpHKOTa}l{, npHMeHHIOTCS!: HfJIbI C 06bIKHOBeHHOH
KPYfJIOH 3aTO'lKOH OCTpHH. TaKHe HfJlbI, pa3.n:BHfaH HHTKH, MCHbIlIe
nOBpe}l{.n:alOT MaTepI-Ia..l.
CaMbIe pa3Hoo6pa3Hble cpOpMbI 3aTO'lKH BCTpe'laIOTCS!: B HfJIax .n:JlH
IlIHTbH KO}l{H. Hr JlbI C 06blKHOBeHHOH Kpyr Jloii 3aTO'lKOH npI-Ifo.n:HbI
TOJlbKO ,n:JlH IlII-ITbH O'leHb MHfKOH KO}l{H. KO}l{a npH npOKOJIe OKa3b1Ba-
eT CJlHIlIKOM 60JlbIlIOe 'conpOTHBJIeIIHe TaKOrl HrJle, B pe3YJIbTaTe 'lefO
HrJIa CHJlbHO HarpeBaeTCH.
1.-h06bI YMeIIbIlIUTb :no ,conpOTHB.'leHHe, OCTpI-I1O Hf JIbl npH.!J.aeTCH
TaKaS!: cpopMa, 'lTo6bl OHO npOH3Bo.n:I-IJlO pa3pe3 MaTepI-IaJIa.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nJIOTHOCTH KO}l{!i pa3pe3 HY}l{HO npOH3BO.!J.HTb
HJlH Ha BceM .n:HaMeTpe npOKOJIa, HJIH TOJIbKO Ha 'laCTH Jl.HaMeTpa.
16 -
I
I
I
\ (i II
B nOCJIe.n:HeM CJIY'Jae OCTaJIhllaH lIenpopC3allllaJi 'JaCTb OT'BCPCTlHI 6y-
.n:CT pa3.n: m -IraTbCH .'Ie3BlleM HrJIbl.
<I>op"-Ia 3aToqKII OCTplHI nrJIbl OKa3bwaCT 60JIbWOe D.1IHIIUJe KaK lIa
npO'lHOCTb CIllI-IBaHIHI, TaK H Ha BllelllHHii BH1.I CTpO'lKH. OpH llmpoKH
Ha.n:pe3ax nOJI)''-IaCTCH .1Y'llllaH YTH)/{Ka HlITOK B CTe)/{KC, HO, C .n:pyroll
CTOpOHbI, 60.lblllaH nOBpe}[{.n:aeMOCTb MaTepHaJIa.
1J.JIH YMeHbllleHI!H nOBpe}J{.!J.aeMOCTI-I pa3pe3 MaTepI-laJIa 06bIKHO-
BeHHO npoH3Bo.n: HT CH no.!J. yr.'lOM K JlI-IIII-IH CTpO'lKI-I, XOTH COBn3.1eHHe
pa3pe3a C HanpaBJIeHUeM CTpO'lKH 06eCne'lHBaeT JlY'IIlI)'IO YTH}J{KY
HHTOK.
Cor.13cHo faCT 7322-55 IlIBeHHbIe I-IrJIbl I-IMCIOT CJIe.n:YIOlltI-Ie cne-
I.{HaJlbHbIe cpOpMbI 3aTO'lKI-I:
 OBaJlbH)'1O .1eBYIo; AT pOM6H'ICCKYI0 npaBYIo;
.0- oBanbH)'fo npaBYIO; 
0 pO:\16H'IeCKYIO npo,nOJlbH) 10;
nonaTK)' npO.!l.o.1bIlYIO;
0- JlOnaTKY nOnepe'lHYIO; ? TpexrpallHylO;
 pOM611'1eCKYI0 .1eBYIO; --G KBa.!\paTHYIO;
.lI..1H onpe.n:eJleHI-IH cpOpMbl 3aTO'lKI-I .n:aHHOH HrJlbl noc.'1e.!J.HIOIO HY}/(-
HO nOCTaBI-ITb TaR, KaK OHa 06bI'lHO pacnOJIaraeTCH B MaIlIHHe 23-ro
KJIaCCa nM3, T e. KOpOTKHM }J{eJl06KOM BnpaBO, .'I.JlHHHbl:vJ BJIeBO, H
npOH3BeCTH npOKOJI KO}KH TOJlbKO OCTpHeM I-IfJlbI. <PopMa nOJlY'leHHOrO
npOKOJIa .!J.OJl}l{Ha COOTBeTCTBOBaTb cpopMe 3aTO'lKH OCTpHH. PaCCMOT-
pHM Ha3Ha'leHi-Ie pa3J1I-1'lHbIX cpOpM 3aTO'leK HrJl.
OBaJlbHaH JleBaH 3aTO'lKa HBJlHeTCH caMOH pacnpOCTpaHPHHoh AJIH
CIlIIfBaHlfH lW}J{If. aHa 06pa3yeT nJIOCKHe npHMOJle}J{alllHe CT<.'}KKI-!.
OBaJlbHaJi npaBaH 3aTO'lI<a n.aeT HaHCKOCb llC}J{aIllHe C-:C}KKIf, HO
B Tex CJlY'IaHX, KOr.'I.a Hr.la B MaIlIHHe YCTaHaBJlHBae'l1CH CBOHM KOPOT-
KHM }J{e..l06KOM He BnpaBO, a B.leBO OT pa60TaIOlltero. olla .J,aeT HOp-
MaJlbHble npHMOJIe}J{aIllHe CTe}l{KH.
npUMepOM 1\I0}J{eT C.1Y}J{HTb .n:BYXJlfOJIbHaH IlIBeHHaH MaIlIliHa 224-
fO K..'1aCCa nM3 .n:.1H IlIHTbH 3arOTOBOK 06YBJI. .lI.JI5I nOJlY'leIlI-IH .n:BYx
0.n:UHaKOBbIX 'CTpO'leK C npHMOJle}KalUIIMH CTe}J{KaMI-I npaBaH I-IrJIa lI!\1e-
eT oBa.'lbHYIO .1eBYlo, a .leB3H Hr..la OBaJlbHYIo npaBYIo 3aTo'lKY
J10naTKa npOJl.OJIbHaH npOlI3BO'l.HT pa3pe3 KQ}lm Ha .n:.ll:1le OT no-
JlOBHHbl .!J.O .!J.BYX TpeTCrl .n:I-IaMeTpa npoKo.'1a, a OCTa.'1bHOe pa3.J,Bura-
eTCH CTep}J{HeM Ifr.'IbI. npHMeHHeTCH .n:JlH IlIHTbH pe.n:KHMU (.n:.lIIHlIbl-
MH) CTe}J{Kai\lH. }JaeT XOPOIlIYIO YTH}J{KY HHTOK.
J10naTKa nOnepe'lHaH npIlMeHHeTCH .n:JlH 'lacToii CTpO'ln.H KOpOTlm-
MH CTe}J{KaI\IH. OGpa3yeT BbmYKJlbIe CTe}J{I<H.
POM6H'leCKaH JIeBaH 3aTO'-lKa npIlMeHHeTCH .n:JlH CllIllBaHHH n..l0T-
HblX CYXHX, }J{eCTKHX KQ}IC HaJIH'lI-Ie t50.'lbIlIOrO 'lHCJla pe}J{ylltI1X rpaHei'I
17
,, 
1 '

06eCne4I1BaeT npOXO)iiJ!.eHUe HrJlbI C HaHMCIIbillJL\I TpeIIHe:\1. Pa3pe3
r.pOHCXOTJ:HT Ha .!I..lJ-IHe n04TH nO!lllOrO 'I.HaMCTpa npOKOJla: r
POMOlllleCKaH npaBaH 3aT04Ka aH8J10n14Ha pOJ\16H'-IeCho.1 ,rJeBoiI,
HO CTe>lom 06p?3YIOTCH I<OCOJle>KaIl.lHe.
POI\IOI-l'.JeCKaH "npo.n:OJ1bHaH 3<lTOtJKa 06eCne'-lHBaeT npOKOJi no JIIHlIlH
CTp04KU II cnoc06cTByer !\IeHbWCMY Hl1rpeBaHIIIO Hr,lbl.
TpexrpaHHaH 3aT04Ka npope3aeT KO>KY no TpeJ\! cTolJOHaJ\l Ha
J!.JlIIHe 60.lee ,lBYX TpeTeil nepMeTpa npOKOJla. .aaeT npHMOJ1e>KaIl.lie
CTe>KKlL npUMeHHeTCfI npCID1YIl.lCCTBCHHO .n:J1H J!.I3yxuro.'IbHbIX WBeI1-
HbIX :\<IaIUHH npIl napa.1JleJ1bHbIX CTpOIIKax.
KBa.n:paTHaH 3aTOIJKa npHMCHHCTCfI npeUl\lYIl.lCCTBCIIHO JljiH J\HIoro-
JIrD.lbHblX J\IaWJIH C TaJ\l6YPlibIM CTe>KKO:l1.
.am! Y:\IellbWCIIHH nOBpe>K.!I.eHH51 MaTCpUaJ1a npIl npOKOJIC nr.1Y
:\lO)KHO Bbl6npaTb C HaIlMCHbllJInl B03'V10>KIIbIM, no YCJlOI3I1fIJ\1 :vrcxaHII-
4t.:CKOft npO'-lHOCTJI, .J.uaMeTpOi\l J'lt:'3BMH, T C. CTep>KHH ur Jlbl.
C.l11WKOM TOHK35I .aJlH .!I.aHHOro MaTcpua.la ur.71a 6y.n:eT u3ru6aTbCH
J1 .J.a>K .10MaTbCH. no.n: lleHCTBHej\'I BepTIIKa.'IbHO lHinpaBJleHHOrO YCM-
.'IJ1H npOKo.la I1r.13 HCnbIrbIHaCr npOJ!.OJlbHbIil u3rn6, ec YCTOllll!IBOCTb
3aBUCJIT B OCI!OIH-lOi\l OT .'I.Ha:\ICTpa JlC3BMH U .'I.J1HHbI: OHa npHMO npo-
nopLUiOHa.'lbHa KBa,'1.paTY .n:naMeTpa M 06paTHO nponopUOHaJlb'Ha Ky6y
;.{JlHHbl. TaK, 3a;\!elIa J1r.'IbI N9 90 C J!.HaMCTpO:\1 .le3BTIH 0,90 MM Ha ur.1Y
,;\"2 100 C .:1.!Il1:\fCTpO:\1 .'lC3BHH 1 M:\I J!.aeT TeOpCTlf'-lCCKOe YBeJlu4cHHe
npO'-lI-IOCTII Ha 23 %, c .n:pyroH CTOpOIlbl, YBe.1a4CHHC ll,lHI-IbI Hr JlbI B':C-
ro na 20%. T. C. TO.'IbKO B 1,2 pa3a, Bbl3bIBaeT Y;\ICIIbWeHHe ce npo'-l-
HOCTl! B (1,2)3, T c. B 1,7 pa3a.
TaKIn1 06pa30M, .n:JlUHHbIC Hr JlbI I1CYCTOH 1 IJIBbl B pa60Te, U I3cer.n:a
H) >KHO CTpeMUTbCH 060IITUCb 60Jlee KOpOTKOH Mr.'loII.
YCII.1He npOKO,'Ia - Be.'IH'-IMHa, U3MCHHIOIl.laHCH B O'-lCHb WIIpOKMX
npe.!l.e:lax - OT I-ICCKO.'IbKMX J!.eCHTKOB rpaM::\10B 11.0 .aCCSJTM KUJlOrpa:\l-
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npHBc.n:eHHbIMH B Ta6:I. 3.
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pacnOJIO/KCmfH Ha.n: ylliKOM HrJIbI HaH60JIec IlIHpOKOH qaCTlI neT'lH,
B KOTOpylO .'I.O.'l)KeH BoiiTH HOCJlK '-IeJIHOKa B MOl\teHT 3axBaTa,
BC.'lH'lHHbI nO.3:'beMa HrJIbI .n:.'IH 06pa30BaHJlH y ee YlliKa neTJIH He-
06XO..1.HMbIX pa3MepOB.
fIOHCHHM CKa3aIIHoe 60JIee nOD.p06HO.
fIO'lTIf BO Bcex IlIBCHHbIX MaIlIHHax Me)K.n:y Hro.'IbHOil nJIaCTHHOil H
'-IC.'IHOIWM pacnOJIaraeTCH 3y6'-1aTaH peHKa no.n:a'-lH (HJIH I-IH a '-Ie, .n:BHra-
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Hn)Ke nJIOCIWCTJI lIroJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbl Ha 1,5-2 MM. Tor.n:a, Y'-IHTbIBaH
KOHCTPYKTUBHYlO TO.'lIllHHY peHKHBMeCTe C BbICOTOH 3y6a H He06xo-
.n:HMLlil rapaHTIIponaHllbIil 3a30p Me)K.n:y qe.'ll-IOKOM JI peimOH B ee ony-
IlleHIIOM nOJIO)Kemm, MO)KHO JIerIW onpe.n:eJIHTb paCCTOHHHe TO'-lKH 3a-
XBaTa neTJIH '-Ie.1HOK0:\1 OT UrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbI.
fIpH npOeI{THpOBaHHH Ka)K.n:OH HOBOH MaIlIUHbI .n:JIH TOro, '-I T06bl
nOJIY'-IHTb B031\1O)KHO MeHbIlIYlO .n:JIHHY HrJIbl I-I BMeCTe C TeM B03MOJKHO
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HI-Ie Me)K.n:y BblCIlIeII TO'-lIWH TpaeInOpHI-I HOCHKa qeJIHOKa H I-IrOJIbHOii
nJIaCTHHOH.
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)KeH HmKe Hro.'lbHOH nJIaCTHHbI Ha BeJII-I'-IHHY 7,5 MM. HaI-l60JIee IlIHpO-
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B 3TOH MaIlIHHe Ha 1.5-2,0 MM BbIllie YlliKa I-IrJIbl.
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nO.'lO)KeHJlH .n:omKHa no.n:HHTbCH Ha 2 MM. TaKHM 06pa30M, YIIIIW I-Ir.'lbl
B HH)KHeM nO.'lmKeHI-II-I .n:OJI)KHO HaXOJI.HTbCH Ha 4-4,5 MM HI-I)Ke, '-Ie:\f
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Tenepb. 3HaH HaH60JIblllYlO B03MO)KHYlO TOJIIllHHY CIIIHBaeMbIX Ma-
TepJla.'IOB tn, onpe;J.eJIHeM paCCTOHHI-Ie YlliKa HrJIbI OT HaqaJIa KOJI6bI.
TaK, B I-IaIllel\l CJIY'-Iae npH HaH60JIbIllei'I TOJIIllHHe MaTepHaJIOB Tn=
=6 Mi\I no paCCTomme 'COCTaBJIHeT 18 MM.
JJ.JIH onpe;J.eJIeHHH 06Illeii .n:JIHHbI Hr JIbl OCTaeTCH yqeCTb eme D.JIII-
HY OCTpHH H KOJI6bI. .aJII-IHa OCTPHH 3aBHCHT OT HOMepa I-IrJIbl, T. e. OT
.n:HaMeTpa ee JIC3BI-IH, a TaIUKe OT yrJIa 3aOCTpeHHSJ', KOTOpbIII 6epeTCH
0W.'1O 18° B HallieM cJIyqae y IlIBei'IHoH MaIlIHHbI 22-A I{JIaCCa y Hr.',bl
J\!? 120 JI.JII-IHa OCTpHH JI.O BepxHeii KpOMKI-I YUlKa paBHHeTcSJ' 4 MM
28
JI.JlIIHa Ko.Tl6LI J10JI)KlIa UblT!> T3KOH, qTO'>Ll 6L1JIO 06eCIICLJCIIO CC
KpCnJlCHHe B IIr.'10BO.ll.HTeJIe 11 'ITOGLl D KpafilICM IIII>KHCM no.no>I{CIIIIII
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B MaIlIHHe 22-1\ KJIaCCa npH ClllHBaHHH lIaH60JlhlllCii TO:! IllH Hbl TKall
6 MM no.n:'bCM IUI/KHeH nJIOCKOCTII JIanKH Ha.n: HrO.1JbHOJl nJIaCTIIIlOU
.n:OJI)J{eH 6bITb paBeH 8 MM.
TOJIIllIlHa caMoiI JIanKH paBHa 2,5 MM. fIpH 3a30pe, paBHOI\l 1,5 :\11\1,
TopeI.{ I-IrJIOBo.n:HTe.'IH .n:OJI)KeH, CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, B HH)KHeM nO.1OJKeHHH
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KOCTH I-IrOJIbHOH nJIaCTI-lHbl (pI-lc. 15). .ailS!
KpenJIeHI-ISJ' KOJI6w B HrJIOBO.'l.I-ITeJIe He06xo.n:-
MaS! ce .'I.JIHHa paBHa 10 MM (5.n:I-IaMeTpOB
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Te C nepexo.:J,HblM KOHYCOM MO)KeT pacnoJI-
raTbCH B OKHe JIanKH. .a,lHHa KO.'l6bl BMeCTe
C nepexo.n:IIbE\1 KOHYCOM .n:OJI/KHa 6bITb 14 =
=12+h-m, r.'l.e 11l-TOJIIllHHa CIlIHBae\10rO
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B MalllHHe Iwacca 22-A 06IllaS! .n:JIHHa Hf-
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B B03'BpanIO-nocrynaTeJIbHOe ,n:BH)KeHHe CTep)KHSJ' Hr JIOBo,n:HTeJl5! B:\IC-
CTC C 3aI{penJIeHJIOIl B HeM Hr JlOH. .QJlIIHHbIH CTep}!{eHb Hr JIOBO.1I1Te.1JH
I\p:. rJIoro CeLJCHHH, CKOJlb3HIllHII B HanpaB.1HIOIllHX BT)'JIKaX, IIrpaeT
3.n:eCb pOJIb nOJI3YHa.
113BecTHO, LJTO KHHeMaTHLJeCIWH xapaInepI-ICTHKOii I{pHBOIlJHnHO-
llIaTYHHoro MexaHH3Ma HBJIHeTCSJ BeJIIILJHHa OTHOllJeHHH .n:.'lHHbI llJaTYHa
K pa.n:HYCY KpHBOIlIHna 'A=l/r, HJIII BeJIHLJHHa 06panlOro OTHOllJeHHH
I r
(pa.n:Hyca KpHBOIlJ!ma K .n:JIHHe llJaTYHa T=i)'
2
570
33

, I 1
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H (l=CX>II.'1H A
ECJII-I 6bI .n:mma llJaTYHa 6bIJIa 6eCKOHe4HO m3J10Cb 6bl
e nOJl3yH3 COBep eIlleHHH
TO B03B p aTHo-nocTynaTeJIbHOe .II.BII>KeHH 3KOH Y 33KOH nepeM
M IIHQeCKOMY 3
no TaK Ha3bIBaeMOMY rap 0
0)
8)
PHC 18 KPHBOIllHTIHO-waTYHHblii MexaHH3M Hrnbl:
., A nOJlmKeHHn. 6-HopMaJlbHbIA; B-06paeHHblA
a-nepeMem.eIlHe HrJlbl OT Kpa HIIX .
a 3aKOH H3MeHeHHH CKopOCTeH H YClW-
.n:JIH npHMoro H 06paHoro X:::Tr)H4HbIMH CHHVCOII.n:aJIbHbIMII KpIIBbIMI1.
peHHH BbIpa)KaJIIICb bI ClIo 3BeHbHX MexaH3Ma nOJIY4aJII-ICb 6bI
MHepUHOHHe HarpY3H B
MeHbllJe.
34
KpHllOUlHnlIo-waTYIIIILIii MexallH3M .II.BIOKCIIHJI Hr.'1bl B UJBClllloii M3-
 A I OTllowe-
IlJHHe xapaKTepH3"'TCH Mi:lJIoii BeJIH'lHIIOlf OTHOWCHHII = r
HHe 3TO KOJIe6JIeTCJI B npcll.CJi:JX 1,8- 3. "J1I3LJCHHH 'A .'lJIJI neKoTopblX
MallJH H npHBe.n.enLI B Tau.l. II DpHMeHeHHe B illBeHHblx MallllIHax
 HBOllJlIllIlO-lllc1TYHllbIX MeX3'HH3MOB C TaKHM MaJIblM OTHOllJeHlIe'\1 }..
ODHCHHeTCH He TOJIbKO CTpei\IJICIIHeM K KOMnaKTHOCTII II I{ YMeHbllJe-
HIfIO ra6aplITOB.
Ta6nHl..la II
KJlacc PaJIHyc .LlJlHHa OTtiOllJCHHe
M3lU HHhI Ha3Ha'leHHe KpHBOllIHlla, llIaTYHa, A
nM3 MM MM
2-M CeMeflHaH IlIBeHHaH lalllHHa 15,6 39,3 2,52
4 UeHTpanbHo-llInynbHaH npOMbIllineH- 18,7 -18,4 2,59
HaH MalllHHa C Ka'lalOli.IlmCH '1e.1HOKOM
AJIH CIlIHBaHHH TKaHII 15,3 36,5 2,38
22-A YHHBepcanbHaH C BpalllaIOllllI:l-\CH
'1enHOKOM AnH elllHBaHHH TKaHII 1,87
23-A 1ll0pHaJi AnH elllHBaHllii KO>KII 25,4 47,6
26 lllBeHHaH :\lallillHa 311r33r 17,2 44 2,56
34 O,nHoHronbHaH C ponllKoBbnl TpaHC- 16,7 44,2 2,6-1
nopTepoM ,nnH elliliBaHIfJl K(;>KII
252 .l{ByxHronbHaH c ropH30HTanbHO pae- 16,7 44,2 2,64
nOnO>KeHHbIMII BpalllalOlll>'lMlleH '1en-
HOKaMII .n:nH 6eenoea.n:0'liIOH CTpO'lKH
KHHeMaTlI4eCKlIe npelIMYll{eCTBa MaJJOrO OTHOllJeHHH '}.. B cneUIf-
aJJbHblX YCJ10BHHX pa60Tbi IlJBeHHblx MallJHH nOKa)KeM Ha CJJe.n:YIOll{e:\f
npHMepe.
B MexaHlI3Me IIrJJbI C pa-cnOJJO)KeHHeM llIaTYHa BHH3 (KaK H8
pIfC. 18, a) cpaBHIIM BeJIH4HHbl nepeMell{eHHH IIrJIbl npH nOBopoTe-
Kp'HBOIlJHna Ha O.n:IIH H TOT )Ke yrOJJ a OT KpaHHero HlIiKHero H OT Kpaii-
Hero BepXHero nOJJO)KeHHiL B nepBOM CJJY4ae HrJIa no.n:HIIMaeTcH H3
HH)KHero nOJIO)KeHIIH Ha HeIwTopyIO BeJ1H'-IIIHY a; BO BTOpOM cJIY'-lae
OHa onYCTH'J1CH 1I3 BepXHero nOJJO)KeHHH Ha BeJJH'-IIIHY 6 no HanpaBJIe-
HMIO K MaTepHaJJY. ECJJH .n:BH)KeHlIe 6blJJO 6bl rapMOHH'-IeCKHM, TO 06a
3TH nepeMell{eHHH 6blJJH 6bl COBepllJeHHO O)I,HHaKOBbl, HO nplI MaJIoij
BeJIH4HHe OTHOllJeHHH '}.. Me)K.n:y HIIMH 6y.n:eT 60JIbllJaH pa3HHua: BeJIII-
4lIHa no.n:'beMa a 6y.n:eT 3Ha4HTeJJbHO 60JlbllJe, 4e:\f BeJIlI4HHa onYCKa-
HHH 6.
rIpHHHB .n:JJS! nplIMepa yrOJJ nOBopoTa KpHBOIlJHna OT MepT'BblX no-
JJO)KeHHH a=30° H B3HB OTHOllJeHlIe '}..=2,38 (KaI{ y MallJlIHbI 22-.4.
KJJ8'Cca), MO)KHO JJerKO onpe.n:eJIHTb rpa4m4ecKlI HJJH no,n.C'-IHTaTb no
a
H3BeCTHbIM 4JopMYJIaM, '-ITO JI,JJH .n:aHHoro CJIY4aH OTHOllJeHlIe -::::::: 2,3,
(j
T. e. no.n:'beM HrJIbl 1I3 HII)KHero MepT.BOro nOJJO)KeHHH npOI'ICXOJI,HT 6bI-
p 

II I I
III
1:1
I I
I 1 II1
CTpee, lJeM npH6mliKeHlle Hr.'lbl K I\IaTepHaJIY 01' 1\1epTloro nepXHero
nOJIO)KeHHH.
B HeKOTopblX IlJBefIHblX MaWHHax .n:JIH 60JIbWeH KOMnaKTHOCTH Me-
XaHI:13:\I .n:BII)KeHUH Hr.'lbl MOIKHO 6blJIO 6bl BbmOJIHlITb B BH.n:e I{PUBO-
WlInHo-waTYHHoro MexaHlI3Ma C 06paTHbiM paCnOJIOIKeHHeM waTYlia
OTHOCUTeJIbHO naJIbIJ.a KpHBOIlIIma, T. e. BBepx (CM. pHC. 18, e), KapTH-
Ha .'I.Bf[)KeUHH lIrJIbI B 3TOM CJI) lJae 1I3MelIHTCH: HrJIa Tenepb 1I3 CBoero
HHIKHero nOJIOJ-KeHUH 6y.n:CT nomm:\laTbCH Me.n:JIeHHee, a 1I3 BepxHero
nOJIO)!{CHIIH onycKaTbcH 6blocrpee.
)1JIH cpa.BHeHIIH paooTbl MexaHH3MOB B KalJeCTBe nplIMepa pac-
CMOTplIM KpHBowHnHo-waryHHblll MexaHH3M HrJIbl MaWHHbI 22-A KJIaC-
ca, B KOTOpOM paLLuyc KpHBowHna R = 15,3 MM, .n:JIIIHa waTYHa 1 =
=36.5 (CM. puc. 18,6).
.IT..lIH 06pall1.eHHOrO MexaHH3:.\la coxpaHHeM Te)!{e pa3McpbI (CM.
plIC. 18, B)
'illKO II rJI bI , '-I TOO bI nplIHTII B CBoe KpaHHee HII)!{Hee nOJIO)KeHlIe,
.n:OJl)KHO onycTIITbCH Ha 12 MM HII)!{e nJIOCKOCTII IIro.1bHoH nJlaCTI1Hbl,
'-11'0 npH CWIIBaHHH TKaHH TOJIIllHHOH 5 MM .n:aCT 06IllYIO BeJIHlJHHY
norpy)!{eHIIH HrJlbl B MaTepHa.'l 17 MM. .IT.JIH BbIxo.n:a Hr JIbI 1I3 '-IemWlJ-
Boro YCTpOHC1'Ba YWIW ee LLO.'l)KHO nOD.HHTbCSI 1I3 CBoero HH)!{HerO no-
JIO)KeHIISI Ha 7 :.\IM (6e3 YlJeTa OCTpUSI)
Pa3.n:eJIHM Tenepb BeCb yroJI nOBopOTa r,rIaBHOro BaJIa 3a nOJIHblH
IJ.IIK.1 06pa30BaHHSI CTe)!{Ka, T. e. 360°, Ha 12 paBHbIx lJaCTeH, no 30°
I{a)!{.u.aH, if .n:JIH y.u. 0 6cTBa no.n:ClJeTOB 3a HalJaJIbHOe npHMeM TO nOJIO-
)!{eHlIe, KOTopoe COOTseTCTB)'eT HH)!{HeMY nOJIO)!{eHIIIO Hr JIbI. r JIaB-
HblH BaJI MaWHHbI 'BpaIllae1'CH no lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKe.
TIpu HopMa.'lbHO:\1 MexaHH3Me (CM. pIle. 18, 6) YWKO IIrJIbI HalJH-
HaeT norpy)!{aTbCH B \laTeplIa.'l B TOT MOMeHT, KorJI.a naJIeu KpIIBOWI-ma,
npOlIJI.H TOlJKY 10. 3aHMeT no.1-0)!{eHlIe, OTCTOHIllee Ha 84° 01' TOlJ'KH
I. TIplI «06paIlleHHoM» MexaHH3Me (CM. pHC. 18, e) Ha'-laJIO norpy)!{e-
HIIH )TwKa B MaTepUaJI cOOTBeTCTByeT nOJIo)!{eHHIO naJlbIJ.a KpHBO-
llllIna (Me)KJI.Y TOlJKaMH 9 H 10) 3a 108° 01' TOlJKH 1, T. e. Ha 24° paHb-
we Hop:\laJIbHOrO C.TlYlJaH. .lI.JIH pa60TbI MexaHH3Ma HIiTenpHTSIrHBaTeJ1SI
npHxo.n: HTCH Tenepb 3HalJHTeJIbHO MCHbwaSI lJaCTb 06Illero l.lHKJIa, H3-
MepHeMaH B yrJIax nOBopoTa rJIaBHOrO BaJIa. B pe3YJIbTaTe 3Toro Me-
xaHH3M HHTenpHTSIrHBaTeJIH He ycneeT 3aTSIHYTb neTJ1IO 1-1 OCB060JI.HTb
LLJIH lIrJIbI B 31'01' MOMeHT He06xoJI.Hl\IYIO .n:JIHHY HHTKH, H 31'0 npH'BeJI.eT
K 06pbIBY BepXHeH HHTKH.
06pa30BaHHe He06xo.n:HM01I neT.'lH Y YWKa I1rJIbl BepXHeH HHTKH
(HCXO.'l.H H3 2 MM ee 'IWpMaJIbHOrO no.n:'beMa) B 06bllJHOM MexaHH3Me
npoHcxOJI.HT 3a yro<l nOBopoTa naJIbIJ.a I{pHBOWHna Ha 25°, ClJUTaH 01'
HH)!{HerO MepTBoro nOJIO)!{eHHSI, .'I.JISI 06paIlleIUlOro }Ke MexaHH3Ma no-
Tpe6ye11cSI )TOJI nOBopoTa rJIaBHOrO BaJIa 38°
BbIXO.n: Hr.'lbI U3 lJe.'lHOKa npu HOpMaJIbHOM MexaHlI3Me (HCXO.n: SI H3
no.n:'beMa HrJIbl Ha 7 MM) npoH30H.n:eT npH yrJIe nOBopoTa naJIbl.la KPH-
BOWIma ua 48° 01' HH)!{HerO nOJIO)!{eHHH HrJIbl, a npH 06pall1. e I-IHOM
MexaHU3:\le Ha yro.1 69°. CaM lJeJIHOK B nepBoM cJIY'-Iae - npH BpaIlle-
HHH ero B.n:Boe 6blCTpee rJIaBHOrO BaJIa - nOBepHeTCSI 3a 31'0 BpeMSI
Ha yroJ1 96°, a BO BTOpOM cJIYlJae Ha 138°.
36
4T06bl Tenepb nO.1HOCTbIO 3aKOH'-IH
MexaHH3MOB, onpe.n:eJlHM K034J4J H l.lHeH Tb ciaBHeHHe pa60Tbl 060HX
.llpvroM CJIYlJae. l' pa OlJero xo.n:a HrJIbl B TOM H
Pa60'-leMY xo.n:y HrJIbl cooTBeTcTB eT
JIa B nepHo)): .n:BH)!{eHHH lIrJIbl 01' MOM yroJI nOBopoTa rJIaBHOro Ba-
TepHaJI .n:o MOMeHTa 06pa30BaHH OKO HTa norpy)!{eHHSI ee YWKa B Ma-
B nepBoM MexaHH3Me 31'01' yrOJ1 JIO YWI{a HOpMaJlbHOH neTJIH.
Cj'H.=84°+25°= 109°,
o BTOpOM MexaHH3Me OH 6y.n:eT
Cf'u.= 108° +38°= 146°,
OTHoweHHe 3Toro yr.'la K yrJIY nOB
nOJIHOrO UHKJIa 06pa30BaHHSI CTe)!{ opOTa rJ1aBHoro BaJ1a 3a BpeMSI
Ka H JI.aeT K034J4JHIJ.HeHT pa60lJero
J 2 1'
II:
. '1'
4
PHC. 19. CxeMa MexaHH3-
Ma Hrnbl MaUlHHbl 65-ro
KJlacca nM3
5
....
'7";
'"-
/r'"
4enHOK
XOJI.a HrJIbI. L{IIKJ1 06pa30BaHHSI CTe)!{Ka
POTY r.'IaBHoro BaJ1a, T. e. yrOJI qJII=3600. COOT.BeTCTByeT O.n:HOMY 060-
TorJI.a k =.
'It' (1)
k - 'H, 109 146
H.- fiIt = 360 =0,3; k H .= 360 =0,41
rJI.e k n - IW34J4JHl.lHeHT pa60lJero xo.n:a nrJIbl'
r.'laBHoro BaJIa 3a O.n:IIH IJ.I1K.l. '  - yrOJl nOBopoTa
OTcIO.n:a HCHO, lJTO npH 06pa
HlI3Me IW34J4JHl.llIeHT pa60lJero HOM KpHBowlInHo-waTYHHOM Me.xa-
60JIbWe, lJTO .n:JIH MaWHHbI lleJ1HOlj Hr.'lbI nOJIY'-laeTCSI 3HalllITe.lbHO
HbIM. oro TlIna SIBJISIeTCH He)!{eJ1aTeJIb-
B I{a'IeCTBe nplIMepa paCCMOT II
UlHHbl 65-ro KJIaCCa TIM3 (II 1 ) M BMexaHlI3M Hr.'Ibl wBeimoH M3-
Horo BaJIa 1 lJepe3 KPHBOWII . . par.u.aTe.lbHoe .n:BII)!{CHlIe r JIaB-
Ho-noCTynaTeJIbHOe .n:BII)!{eHlIe II II waTYH 3 npe06pa3yeTcSI B B03BpaT-
H IIrJIoiI. I-1rJIa nepeMer.u.aeTCH BrB.n:IITeJISI 4 : .n:ep)!{aBKOH IIrJIbl 5
KOMnaI{THO nOJIYlllIJICH 6bl MexaHH3 30HTaJIbHOlI nJIOCKOCTH, II 60JIee
BO (KaK YI{a3aHO Ha pifiC 19 C C pacnOJIO)!{eHlIeM waTVHa Bnpa-
pa60Tbl HrJIbl 6blJIlI 6bl aImrI:o:IMH JIHHHSIMI1), HO Tor.rr.a YCJIOBHSI
H Ha pa60TY MexaHlI3Ma HH Te P ' nplI «06p a r.u. e HHoM» MeXaH1I3l\1e
.M u n IITHrlIBaTeJIH OCTa iICSI 6 '
aJIblH yroJI nOBopOTa rJIaBHOrO B J bl CJIIIWKOM
aJIa H MexaHH3M HHTenpHTSIrIIBaTe-
37

III
IIIII
1
1
'I'; I
1 '1 11! I
, III '
I
I
"
I
I
I,
111
r
IIi I :
1 I
1
II!
I,ll
Ji
f1 KOMn3KTHOro
J1H lie CMor ObI BbInO.11l5lTb CBOII <PYIiKUlIIl. 03TOMY OT b OT K33aTb-
- e n p fllU JlOC
pacnOJlO)KeHHH MeX811H3M8 HrJlbl B :,ITOH MalUH H T e C03,l1.ClTb'
3 '1aBHOro BaJia. . . 6
CH H P acnOJlO)KJlTb lliaT) H BJleBO OT r. ro )13 P fiC. 18, .
, P acCMOTPCHHO
YCJlOBHH HOpM3J1bHoro :vIeXaHH3Ma, JlfI ,lI.BH>KeHHH HrJlbI lliapHUp-
f1pJIMeIleIUIC B 'IeJlH'IHbIX MalU:a:a>Ke 6Y,ll.eT conpOBO')K!1.aTbCH
HO'-pbI'Ia>KHbIX fI ,lI.pyrfix MCxaHfl3M
.+.01 IUlleHTa pa6o'lero xo,ll.a.
YBc.111'1eHlIeM 6 K0.3'l-"I)1 0 B HeKoTO P bIX MallIHHax, HMelOlllHX neTJ11He-
I-1Ha'le 0 cTOliT .11.e.'1 T
ep P acnOIliHBaJlbHbIX, IlIJleBO'-lHbIX MaIIIHHax. aM O!1.lIH
,111, 113npfiM , u .
neTJlIITe.l1b .11.OJl>KeH 'CBOJiM I1O'CHKOM BOllTH B neTJlH .n:BYX lIrJl, pacno-
_10>KCHHbIX Ha HeKO'TopOM paCCTOHHHH .n:pyr OT .n:pyra H !1.BH)KYll.lHXCH
O,ll.HO'BpeMeHHO. B 3TOM CJlY'-lae >KeJlaTeJlbHO, '-IT06bI HrJlbI H3 Kpai'IHero.
HH)KHerO nOJlO)KeHHH nepeMell.laJlHCb no B03MO)KHOCTII Me.n:J1eHHee H
'-IT06w npH no.n:xoe HOCHKa neTJlHTeJlH KO BTOpOH HrJle pa3HHua B HX
no.n:1>e;\Ie 6bIJla He3HaQHTeJlbHaH, H n03ToMY npHMeHeHHe TaM 06pa-
ll.leHllOrO MexaHH3Ma eJleC006pa3HO.
PHe. 20. MexallH3M HrnL! Ma-
IlIHHbl 4-ro K.ilaCea nM3
38
2, MexaHH3M HrJlbl MaUlHtIbi 4 KJlaCCa nM3
KpHBOUlHnHO-illaTYHHbIH MeXaHH3:M
UliBeHHoH MallIHHbl 4-ro KJlaCCa rIM3, H30-
6pa>KeHHblH Ha pHC. 20, YCTpoeH C_le! 10-
ll.lHM 06pa30M. Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHe rJlaB-
HOro BaJla 1 3aKpen.leH KpHBoIIIHn 2 C npo-
TflBOBeCOM.
B OTBepcTflH KpflBoIllflna 2 nocpe.n:CT-
,BOM KJlHHa YKpenJleH .n:ByxKOJleH'-IaTbIH na-
.'le 3, Ha BHYTpeHHlO1O ampy KOToporo
'cBoeH BepxHei't rOJloBKOH Ha.n:eT IllaTyH 4.
HH>KHSISI rOJlOBKa IllaTVHa 4 coe.n:flHSIeT-
CH C naJlbeM nOBo.n:Ka 1 3aKpenJleHHOrO
Ha Hr JlOBo.n:HTeJle 8 cTonopHbIM BHHTOI\l 9.
Hr JlOBo.n:HTeJlb JLBH>KeTCSI B .n:BYx Ha-
npaBJlHIOll.lHX BTYJlKax 10 ,c CaJlbHHKOBbIMli
ynJIOTHHTeJlHMH. HrJla 12 -C.HOeH KOJl60H
BCTaBJlHeTCH .n:o ynopa B na3 Ha HH>KHeM
KOHe HrJlOBOHTeJlH H 3aKpenJlHeTCH BflH-
TOM XOMYTHKa 11
POJlHK 5, Ha.u.eTbIH Ha naJle nOBO!l.Ka 7"
CKOJlb3HT npH pa60Te MexaHH3Ma no Ha-
npaBJlSIIOll.leMY na3Y 6 B PYKaBe MaIIIHHbL
.D.ByxKoJleH'-IaTblH: naJle 3 HMeeT JlblCKY
JlSI KpenJleHHH KJlHHOM B oTBepcTHH KPH-
BOilil-ma 2. TO'-lHO pacnOJlO>KeHHaSI JlbCKa
06eCne'-lHBaeT He06xo.n:HMoe nOJlO>KeHHe
BHeIlIHeH ampbI naJlblla 3 OTHOCHTeJlbHO
OCfI rJl3JBHOrO BaJla. OT 'BHeIlIHeH: anQ:>bt
nOJlYQaeT .n:BH>KeHi-ie MexaHH3M HHTenpH-
THrHB3TeJlH. o O'.11.06HI>I " MCX3HII3M u
M8WI.me 220-ro KJIacca. npll\1l'HHeTCfI B 3aKpenOQHOli
PeYJlllpOBaHHe MeXClHH3MCI. B npouecce C60PKH MalllflHbl
3Kcn.l aTaUJUl perY.'1HpOB3Tb npIlXO.11.HTCH TO.lbKO nOJl H npll
no Bbl'CoTe npH YCTaHOI3Ke ee OTHOCflTeJlbH O HO O>KeHHe flr.lbl
. CHKa '-IeJl'HOKa JllH 3
CTep>KeHb nr JlOBO.11.HTeJlH nepeMelllaeTCSI BBe . . Toro
:1011 H .n:JlH perYJlflpOBaHflH Tpe6veTCSI OCJlaTJlfI BHfl3 BMCTe C flr-
nocpe.11.CTBOM KOToporo HrJlOBo.ri'flTeJlb K e CTonopHbIll BflHT 9,
YCTaHOBKJI HrJlbl OTHOCHTeJlbIlO HOCflKa e;:TCH 13 nOBo.n:Ke 7 rIol.ne
6blTb CHOBa 3aKpenJleH. OKa 3TOT BflHT .n:O,l)KeH
3, MexaHH3M UrJlbI MaUlUHbI 22-A KJlaCCa nM3
MexaHH3M Hr JlbI llIBeHHoi'I MailiH
MHoro 0611.1ero C TOJlbKO '-ITO onHcaH: bI KJlaCCa 22-A (pHC. 21) HMeeT
K.'Ia'cca. blM MexaHH3MOM MallIHHbI 4-ro
Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHe rJlaBHoro BaJla 1 <L:)
3aKpenJleH TaKOH >Ke KpHBOlllfln flrJIO- I
BOflTeJlH 2 C npOTHBoBecoM B 5_ t
. oTBep-
CTHfI 3Toro KpflBoIllflna .n:BVMSI
HbI . cTonop-
Mfl BflHTaMfI 3aKpenJleH, B CBOIO o'-le-
pe,.'J:b, .n:ByxKOJleH'-IaTbIH naJle 3
BHelliHlO1O QanQ:>y fI. KOToporo H.n:e:
BepxHSIH rOJlOBKa llIaT Y Ha 4 H u
. ..>KHHSI ro-
JIOBKa llIaTYHa OXBaTbIBaeT n3J1('Q TIf)
Bo.n:Ka 6, 3aKpenJleHHOrO npH nOMo
CBoero XOMYTHKa BflHTOM 7 H .
.n:HTeJle 8. a Hr JlOBO-
ca Hr JlOBO.n:HTeJlb .lI.JlH 06J1er'-leHflH Be-
H H YMeHbllIeHHSI BeCbM3 3HaQHTeJlbHblX
HepflOHHbIX HarpY30K ne p e"a .
Ha llIa p H ,...... I011.1HXCSI
JlO HpbI, YKopo'-leH ('-ITO nOTpe60Ba-
BT y.u.JIHHeHHH BepxHeH HanpaBJI5IlOlllel1
YKfI) fI fl3rOTOBJlHeTCH nOJlbIM.
BTV .'lH ero HanpaBJleHHSI CJlY>KaT ..'I.Be
Q:> - JlKH -: HfI>KHHSI 9 H BepxHHH 5 no
pOHTOBOH '-IaCTH PYKaBa. I-1rJla 11 3a-
Kpen.'ISIeTCH BflHTO:\1 10 x
KOIIue flrJlOBo,.'J:flTeH .0MYTflKa Ha
B .D.onOJlHflTe.'lbHoe' HanpaBJleHHe flno-
O.ll.flTeSI nocpe.u.CTBO:\1 P O .
I.{e . JlHKa IIa na.lb-
He _o.n:Ka, KaK 3TO c.n:eJlaHO 13 MalllH-
'-Iero 6bla-cca, 3.n:eCb OTCYTCTByeT, fl3-3a
B po fl3HallIHBalOTCH OTBepCTflH
rOJlOBKax llIaTYHa 4.
B Mo.n:epHH3f1pOBaHHbIx MallIHHax <)<) A
}fa naJlbe nOBo.n:Ka flrJIOBOHTe . - KJlaCCa 3Ta HanpaBJlHlOlllaSI
I{Jl3,cca) JlH BHOBb BBe.n:eHa (MaIIIHHa 1022-ro
1
1
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PHe. 21. MexaHH3M Hrnbl Ma-
WHHbI 22-.4. Knaeea nM3
39

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4. MexaHH3M HrJIbI MalllHHbl 252-ro KJIaCCa nM3
OHa .n:aeT TaK Ha3b1Bae-
]\\aIlIHHa 252-ro KJlaCCa - .n:ByxHrOJlbHaH, 6
O'-lKY» Eecnoca.n:O'-lHaH CTpO'-lKa 0 eCne'-lHBa-
MYIO «6ecnDca.n:0'-lHYIO CT Y 6'-1aTH P eHKoII (.n:BHraTeJleM TKaHH) caMH
eTCH TeM, '-ITO BMeCTe c
Hr JlbI nepeMelllalOT MaTepnaJl.
PHC. 22. Mex3HH3M Ifrnbl M3ll1HHbi 252-ro Kn3cea nM3
MexaHH3M HfJlOBo.n:HTeJlH nOKa3aH Ha pIlC. 22. u
Ha nepe.n: HeM KOHu:e f.laBHOfO BaJla, BO cppOHTOBOIl '-IaCTH PYKaBa.
3aKpen.le:l, KaK 06bI'-IHO, KpHBOIlIIIn 1 Hf.1DBO.'IJITeJlH. .
lllaT\'H 3 Be p xHeH fOJlOBKOH Ha.n:eT Ha naJleu: 2 I<pHBoIlIIma, HH>KHHH
" 5 3aK p enJleHHOfO CTH>KHbIM
efO fOJlOBKa OXBaTbfBaeT naJleu: nOBO.ll.Ka , 5
BHHTOM Ha HfJlOBo.n:HTeJle 6. Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHu:e naJlbu:a nOBO.'l.Ka no-
ca>KeH KaMeHb 4 nepeMelllalOlllHllcH B HanpaBJlHlOllleM n u a3Y Ka'-lalO-
llleHcH paMKH 7. 13 KOHeu: Hf.'lOBO.ll.HTeJlH BBepHYT pe3b60B01I XBOCTOBHK
Hf Jlo.rr.ep}KaTeJlH 8 C .n:BYMH fHe3.n:aMH AJISI YCTaHDBKH Hf JI. r.'lbl CBOH-
40
MH KO.'l6aMJI BCTaBJlHIOTCH B rHe3.n:a .n:o ynopa H npO'-lHO 3aKpenJlHIOT-
c51 CTonDpHblMH BHHTaMH 9.
1.Iepe3 KpHBOlllHn 1 H IlIaTYH 3 Hf.l0Bo.n:HTeJlb BMeCTe C HrJlaMH no-
.nY'-IaeT OCHOBHoe B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJlbHOe .lI.BH)KeHHe. Ho TaK
KaK Jlf.lOBo.n:HTe.'lb ClIlOHTHpoBaH B paMKe 7, KOTopaH 3aKpenJIeHa Ha
BaJlY 10 H 'Ka'-laeTCH BMeCTe C BaJIOM, TO BMeCTe C paMKOH HfJlOBO.n:H-
TeJlb H HfJlbl CD Be pIlla lOT .n:BH>KeHHe B.n:OJlb JlHHHH CTpO'-lKH. C KHHeM3-
THlleCKOH TO'-lKH 3peHHH MexaHH3M Ka'-laHHH paMKH npe.n:CTaBJlHeT C060H
06bIKHOBeHHblH KYJlHCHbll1 MexaHH3M, B KOTOpOIll Ka'-lalOlllaHCH pa:\IKa 7
c HanpaBJIHlOlllHM na30M 15 .'I.JlH KaMHH 4 HBJlHeTCH KYJlHCOH. .QBmKe-
HHe paMI{e BMeCTe C Ba.l0M 10 co06111aeTcH OT BaJla 14 np o .n:o. l bHOfO
nepeMellleHHH peHKH (Ba.TJa nO.ll.a'-lH) '-Iepe3 IlIaTYH 13, coe.n:HHHTe,lb-
Hoe 3BeHO 12 H KOpO:\IbIC.l0 11.
Pa3MepbI 3BeHbeB nOlI C.TJO)KHOH u:enH nO.'l.06paHbI TaKHM 06pa30:\1,
t-/T06bI npo.n:OJIbHOe nepeMellleHIIe pelfKH H nepeMellleHHe (Ka'-laHue)
paMI\H BMeCTe C HfJlaMII B.n:OJIb .1HHHH CTpO'-lKH 6bIJlH o.n:HHaKOBbl. Ha
6a3e .'I.BVXIIfOJIbHOlf MalllHHbI 252-fO KJIaCCa C03.n:aHbI MalllUHbI 262,
352, 362-, 462-fO KJIaCCOB. 3TOT MexaHII3M Hf.l npHMeHHeTcH H B :\1a-
IlIHue 652-ro K.'l8-Cca.
5, Mexaml3M ..rJlbl MalllHHbl 36 II 236-ro KJIaCCOB nM3
B IlIBeHHoif MaIlIHHe 36-ro KJIaCCa, npe.J.Ha3Ha'-leHHoii ,J..1H CIlIHBaHHH
TH)KeJIOH KO)KH, .lI.JIH oCYllleCTBJIeHHH B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJlbHOrO .n:BH-
>KeHHH HfJIbJ BMeCTO 06bI'-IHOrO KpHBoIlIHnHo-IlIaT)'HHoro MeXaHI-I3:\Ia
npHMeHeH cOBepIlIeHHo .n:PyroH MexaHH3M C KpHlBOJlHHeffHOH KYJlHcoiL
MexaHH3M HfJlbI HMeeT cJle.n:YlOwee YCTPOHCTBO (pHC. 23, a).
Ky.1Hca 3 C KpHBOJIHHeHHbIM na30M 3aKpenJleHa Ha HrJIDBD.n:HTe.le
4. POJlHK 2, c:\1DHTHpoBaHHbIH Ha nepe.rr.HeM TDpu:e KYJIa"-IKa 1 HHTenpu-
THrHBaTeJlH (BO pOHTDBOH '-IaCTH PYKaBa), HBJlHeTCH naJlbu:eM KpHBO-
umna.
rIpH BpawemIH f.TJaBHOfO BaJla pOJlHK 06KaTbIBaeTCH no na3Y KY-
.1HCbI, coo6111aH KYJlHCe H cBH3aHHoMY C Heii HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIIO B03BpaT-
Ho-nocTynaTeJlbHOe .n:BH>KeHHe, HO COBceM no .n:PYfOMY 3aKOHY, KOTDpbIH
He MO)KeT 6bITb nOJI)''-IeH OT 06bIKHOBeHHOfO KpHBDIlIHnHO-lliaTYHHorD
MexaHH3Ma. B MOMeHT 3aXBaTa neT"lH HOCHKOM '-IeJlHOKa HfJIa HMeeT
3.n:eCb «BbI1CTOIf» H YlliKO ee Ha'-lHHaeT BbIXO.n:HTb H3 MaTepHaJla TDJlbKO
TOf.rr.a, KOf.n:a neTJlH, 3aX-Ba'-leHIIaH H paCIlIHpeHHaH HOCHKOM '-IeJIHOKa,
fiY.J.eT u:eJlHKOIll 06Be.rr.eHa BOKPYf IlInYJlbKH H BepXHHH HHTKa Ha'-lHeT
CTaCKHBaTbCH C lleJlHOKa IUlTenpHTHfHBaTeJleM. rIoTepH npO'-lHOCTH 'hIT-
KH B nepHO.ll. 06paTHOfO .'I.BfI}KemlH YlliKa Hf JlbI 113 :\IaTepHa.1a 6y.rr. er
MeHbIlIe, '-ITO oco6eHHO Ba>KHO npH CIlIHBaHlfH TH>KeJIDH KO>KH.
TaKoH xapaInep .n:BH>KeHHH Hf.1bl C «BbICToeM» (aHaJIOmtIHO MO-
MeHTY II, pHC. 7, 6) 06J1ef'-laeT Ha.n:eBaHHe neT.1H Ha IlIHpOKHH HOC!1K
'-IeJIHOKa, a 'c .'I.PYfOIl CTOpOHbI, npe.n:oxpaHHeT BepXHlO1O HHTKy 0'1' nepe-
THpauHH H nOTepH npO'-lHOCTH, TaK KaK B nepHo.n: 06Bo.rr.a neTJIH OHa
OCTaeTCH no.n: 3alllHTOIl .rr.JIHHHOfO >KeJl06Ka HrJlbI.
MaIlIHHbl C pOJIIIKOM B na3Y KYJlHCbI .rr.JIH nepe.n:a'-lH .n:BH>KeHHSI HfJle
Bcef.rr.a 6bfBalOT THXOxo.rr.HbIe, TaK KaK npH 60JlbIlIHX CKOpDCTHX II pO-
JIIIK, H na3 KyJIltCbI 6bICTpO 6bI H3HaIlIHBaJlHCb.
41

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1111:
ii I
II
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III I
I
B MaliHllle 236-ro KJlaCCa, npe.n:Ha3Ha4emIOii .n:JlH BbInOJlHeHl:lH TeX
>Ke pa60T, 4TO H Malill1Ha 36-ro K.,1aCCa, HO npH 60Jlee BblCOKOH CO-
pOCTH lllHTbH, MexaHH3M Hr Jlbl KYJlHCHOrO THna 3aMeHeH HOBbIM Mexa-
HH3MOM (aBTOp HH>K. M.OHH4 B. M.) CxeMa HOBoro MexaHH3Ma no-
Ka3aHa Ha pHC. 23, 6. OH  cTpoeH CJle.n:YI,?lllHM 06pa30M. Ha ; JlaBHo:\l
BaJlY 0 1 3aKpenJlell KpHBoIIlHn 1. KOTOpbIH C nOMOIUblO 3BeHa :2 coe.n:H-
3
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a-MaWHHbl 36-ro Knacca; 6-MaWIIHbl 236-ro Knacca; e-rparjJHK nepeMeeHilSi
IIrnbl
HeH C yrJloBblM pbl4aroM 3, Ka4aIOlllHMCH Ha OCH O 2 . BTopoe nJle40 7
3Toro pbl4ara HBJlHeT'CH KOpOMbICJlOM H B IIlapHIIpc C 3BeHOM 4 (c
HH:iKHUM IIlapHHpOM D) COe.ll.HHeHO C HrJIOBo.n:llTeJleM 5, nepe!\1eIU3,O-
IllHMCH B HanpaBJIHIOIllHX BTYJIKax. B HrJIOBo.n:I1TeJIe 3aKpenJleHa Hr-
JIa 6.
YKCJ3aHHblH MexaHH3M BpalllaTeJlbHoe .n:BH>Kem-le rJlaBHOrO Ba.la
MallIlIllbl C nm.IOIllbIO KpHBollIHna 01A, 3BeHa 2 npe06pa30BbIBaeT B
Ka4aTeJlbHOe .lI.BlDKeHHe yrJIOBOrO pbI4ara B0 2 C 2
llIapHHp C KOpOMblCJla 7 nepeMelllaeTcH no .n:yre OKPY>KHOCTH, no-
Ka3aHHoH YCJlOBHbD1H JlHHHHMH. Ero Ka'-laTeJlbHOe .lI.BH>KeHHe C no-
MOillbIO 3BeHa 4 npe06pa30BbIBaeTcH B B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJIbHOe
.n:BH:iKeHHe HrJlOBO.ll.HTeJlH 5.
42
-
Pa3Mepbl 3BeHbeB no.n:06paHbl TaK, 4TO npaBoe Kpaimee no.l0>Ke-
HIIe IIlapHHpa C 1 nepCXO.'I.HT 4epe3 nO.'lO>KeHHC Co, npH KOTOpOM nr.lO-
BO.n:HTeJlb 3aHHMaeT Kpai'Illce HH>KHee nOJlO>KCHHe.
TIpH nepeMeIlleHHII IIlapHHpa C OT nOJIO>KeHHH Co .n:o C I Hr.l0BOlU-l-
Te.lb, a CJIe.1I.OBaTeJlbHO, H HrJla nepeMelllalOTCH BBepx Ha B'2.1H4HHY
a=4 MM, Heo6xo.n:HMYIO .'I.JlH 06pa30BaHHH HanycKa neTJIH. TIoc.Jle 3TO-
ro IIlapHIIp C nepeMelllaeTCH 06paTHo K nOJlO>KeHHIO Co, Hr JlOBO.'I.q-
TeJlb, a oC.'le.n:OBaTeJlbHO, H HrJla onVCKaIOTCH onHTb B HH>KHee no.'lO-
./KeHHe, T. e. .n:eJlaIOT «npHCe.'I.aHHe» - (BMecTo «BbICTOH» npH KYJlHCHOi\l
MexaHH3Me) TIpn .n:a.JlbHcIIllleM nepeMellleHHH IIlapHHpa OT nOJlO>Ke-
HUH CO K nOJlO>KeHHIO C 2 HrJIa nepeMcllleaTCH B BepXHee nOJlO>KeHe.
TaKoH IIlapHHpHbIH MexaHH3:\1 6e3 pOJlIIKa H KYJIIICbl n03BOJlHJI nOBbl-
'CHTb CKOpOCTb IIlHTbH B 2 pa3a no cpaBHeHHIo C KYJlHCHblM MexaHH3-
MOM.
rpacf>HK nepeMeIllCHHH Hr.lbl h B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT yr.'la nOBopOTa
rJIaBHOrO BaJla q:> nOKa33H Ha pHI;, 23, 8.
6, MexaHH3M HrJlbI MalllHHbI 97-ro KJlaCCa '
Ha pHC. 24 H306pa>KeHa HaH60Jlee cOBpeMeHHaSI KOHCTPYKUHH :\le-
xaHH3Ma Hr JlbI, KOTopaH oCYllleCTBJleHa B CKOpOCHIOH MaIIlHHe 97 oro
KJlaCCa 03JIM (OpllIaHcKHH 3a-BO.n: «JIerMalll»)
YKopo4eHHbIH HrJlOBo.n:H-
TeJlb 7, HecMoTpH Ha orpa-
HH4eHHOCTb MeCTa, HanpaB-
JIHeTCH 'B CBoeM .n:BH>KeHI1H
.n:BY:MH BTYJlKaMH - HH>KHeI19
H BepxHei'I 5, 4TO B 3Ha4HTeJlb-
HOH CTeneHH )'MeHbIIlaeT H3-
rn6 TOHKoro, 06J1er4eHHoro
CTep>KHH Hr JlOBo.n:HTeJlH OT
UeHTpaJIbHO npHJIO>KeHHOrO
) CH.1HH IIlaTYHa. 4T06bl HC-
K.1I04HTb nOBopoT HrJlOBO,U.H-
Te.1SI BOKpyr cBoeH OCH, YCT-
poeHa HanpaBJIHIOlllaH 3 .lI.JlH
KaMHH 4, Ha.ll.eToro Ha naJIeu
nOBO.ll.Ka 6. 3Ta HanpaBJIHIO-
ll.{aH CMa3bIBaeTCH no.n:YIIlKOH
 nponHTaHHoH MaCJIOM.
BepxHHH roJIOBKa IIlaTYHa 2
CMOHTHpoBaHa Ha HrOJIb'-laTOM
nO.'I.lllHnHHKe 1 HanpaBHTeJIb
10 .'I.JlH BepxHeH HHTKH 3aKpen-
.TIeH Ha KOHue HH>KHeH Ha
npaBJIHIOllleii BTYJlKH.
Hr.'la 3aKpenJIHeTCH B Hr-
.TIOBO.ll.HTeJIe 6e3 XOMYTHKa.
PHe. 24. MeX31-1H3M HrJlbI M3111HHbi 97-ro
Kn3ce3 nM3

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1. Ha3Ha'-leHHe MexaHH3MOB
TIpH paCCMOTpeHHH npoqecca oopa30BaHHSI CTe}l{Ka ObIJIO BbISIBJle-
HO, '-ITO '-IeJ1HOK CJIY}I{HT .n:JISI 3aXBaTa rreTJIH, paCIlIHpeHHH ee H 06Bo.u.a
BOKpyr llInYJIbKH. KOl\mJIeKT .n:eTaJIeH 1JeHOKa, c06paHHbiX 'C Kopny-
COM, 06bl'-lHO Ha3bIBaIOT '-IeJIHO'-lHbIM YCTpOI1CTBOM.
1.JeJIH01JHOe YCTPOHCTBO .n:OJImHO OblTb KOHCTPYKTHBHO BbInOJ1HeHO
TaK, 1JT06bl ero JIerKO MomHO OblJIO CHSITb C MallIHHbI, He npHoeraH K
pa360pKe MexaHH3Ma nepe.n:a'-lH .n:BH}KeHHH '-IeJIHOKY. u
HaH60JIbllIee pacnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJI)"IHJIO 1JeJIHO'-lHOe YCTPOHCTBO,
paOOTaIOllI.ee no npHHIJ:Hny 06Bo.n:a BepXHeH HHTKH BOKpyr llInY.'IbKH.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa .n:BHmeHlISI '-Ie.TJHOKa Bce KOHCTpYKqHH
'-IeJIHO'-lHbIX YCTPOHCTB MomHO pa3.n:eJIHTb Ha !I.Ba THna:
'-IeJIHO'-lHOe YCTPOHCTBO C B03BpaTHo-nOBopOTHbIM .n:BHmeHHe:\1 '-Ie.'I-
HOKa (c Ka'-laIOllI.HMCSI '-IeJIHOKOM);
'-IeJIHO'-lHOe YCTPOHCTBO C HenpepblBHbDI BpallI.eHHe:\1 '-Ie.'IHOKa (pO-
TaUHOHHoe) .
1.JeJIHO'-lHble YCTpOHCTBa no pacnOJIOmeHHIO llInYJIbKH OTHOCHTeJIbHO
OCH BpallI.eHl-ISI '-IeJIHOKa MO}KHO pa3.n:eJIHTb Ha qeHTpa.'lbHO-llIny.'IbHble
C pacnOJIOmeHHeM umYJIbKH no OCH BpallI.eHHH '-IeJIHOKa H HeqeHTpaJIb-
HO-llInYJIbHbIe, B KOTOpbIX llInYJIbKa CMellI.eHa no OTHOllIeHHIO KOCH
BpallI.eI-IHH '-IeJIHOKa. Pa3JIH'-IHble THnbl '-IeJIHOKOB nOKa3aHbi Ha
pHC. 25, a, 6.
no npI-IHqHny B3aH:\w.n:eHcTBHSI '-IeJIHOKa C nrJIO!I '-IeJIHO'-lHble y T-
pOIIcTBa KaK Ka'-laIOllI.HeCSI, TaK H OT3UHoHHble .n:eJI5ITCSI Ha .n:Be rpy-
nbl. 1.Je.TJHO'-lHble YCTpoHcTBa nepBoH rpynnbI pa60TaIoT BO B3aHMo.n:H-
CTBIIH C HrJloII, nepeMellI.aIOllI.eHCSI B nJIOCKOCTH, .nepneH.n:HKYJIHpHOH K
OCII BpallI.eHHSI (HJIH Ka'-laHHSI) '-IeJIHOKa. TaKoll '-IeJIHOK '-IallI.e Bcero
IDfeeT ropH30HTaJIbHYIo OCb BpallI.eHIIH (Ka'-laHHH), a HrJ'Ia nepeMe-
luaeTCSI B BepTllKaJIbHOH nJIOCKOCTH (CM. pHC. 25, a), HanpH:\fep B Ma-
llIlIHaX 1, 4, 5, 6, 22-A, 23-A, 25, 26, 27, 97-ro II .n:PYfHX KJIaCCOB.
1.JeJIHO'-lHbIe YCTpoHcTBa BTOpOH rpynnbI pa60TaIOT BO B3aHMo.n:eH-
CTBUH C I1rJIOH, nepeMellI.aIOllI.eHCSI B nJIOCKOCTH, napaJIJIeJIbHoII OCH
1JeJIHOKa (CM. pHC. 25, 6). TaKoH 1JeJIHOK '-IallI.e Bcero HMeeT BCPTH-
KaJIbHYIO OCb BpallI.eHHSI (Ka'-laHIISI), HanpHMep B MaUIllHax 224, 34,
236, 252, 262-ro H .n:Pyrnx KJIaCCOB OM3.
44
B HeKOTopbIX CJIY'-IaHX TeXHO.'lOrH'-IeCKH He06xo.n:HMO, '-IT06bI HrJIa
nepeMemaJIaCb B ropH30HTaJIbHOii n.lOCKOCTII (HanpHMep, B MallIHHe
.n:JIH pa3MeTKH npoHM 65-ro KJIaCCa .\'\03 H PMl.J KOHCTPYKUI1I1 1.JBaHo-
Ba B. 11., pHC. 25, a) Tor.n:a '-IeJIHO'-lHOC YCTPOHCTlO C ropH30HTa.TJbHoII
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nJIOCKOCTb nepeMellI.eHiIH HrJIbl onHTb CTaHOBHTCH nepncH.u.HKYJIHpHOll
KOCH 'BpallI.eHHH '-ICJIHOKa. B nO.ll.IlIHBO'-lHbIX MallIHHax '-IeJIHO'-lHCe YCT-
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poiicTBO C BepTHKa.'IbHOH OCbIO BpallI.eHlISI (BTOPO!I rpynnbI) paCnOJIa-
rae1'CSI ropH30HTaJIbHO, a Hr JIa nepeMellI.aeTCH no .n:yre OKPY)!<IIOCTH
(CM. pHC. 25,6, KJlaCCbI 44-H H 86-ii).
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rpynnbl) '-IallI.e npHi\leI-IHeTCH B Tex :\faIlIHHax, r.u.e npHlV!eHeHIIC '-Ie.'1HO-
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qIUI, HanpIIMep B MHOrOIIrOJIbHbIX II no.n:IlIHBO'-lHbIX M311IIIHax, B MaIlIH-
Hax C KOJIOHKoit
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npalll.eHHH) Hr JIa B KpallHe:\I HH)KHe:\! nOJIOmeHIIII, KaK npaBIIJIO, BXO-
.lI.HT BHYTPb '-IeJIHOKa.
l.Je.'IHOK BTOpOH rpynnbl (c BepTIIKa.lbHoH OCblO BpallI.eHlISI) pac-
nOJIaraeTCH B ,cTopoHe OT Hr.'lbl, H IIrJIa B HIIJKHeM KpaHHe!\I nO.'Iome-
HIIII HC BXO.n:HT B '-IeJIHO'-lHOe YCTPOHCTBO.
Heo.lJ.HHaIWBo npOHcxo':UIT II OOBO,J. neTJIII BOKpyr IlInYJIbKH, n03TO-
My KOHCTpYI{THBHOe ocf>opMJIeHlle '-Ie.'IHO'-lHbIX YCTPO!ICTB pa3JIII'-IHO.
Ka}l{.n:bIIf TIIn '-Ie.TJHOKOB Hc06xo.n:IIMO paCCMaTpHBaTb B OT,J,eJIbHOCTII.
BHYTPII '-IeJIHO'-lIIOrO YCTpOHCTBa pacnOJIaraeTCH IlIny.'lbKa C onpe-
.lI.eJIeHHbIM 3anaCOM IUlmueH HHTKI1. OOCJIC II3pacxo.n:OBaHH5I 3Toro 3a-
naca MallIIIHY lIe06xo.n:H:\1O OCTaHaB.1IIBaTb II npCII3Bu;:"ITb nepe3a-
45

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nepe3apH.n:KY wnYJlbKH YHl:llBepCaJlbHOM MaWHHbI 22-A KJlaCCa TpaTHTCH
nplfMepno 30 c. 1\0JlH'leCTBO nepe3apH.n:oK 6y.n:eT 3a-BHceTb 01' 06'beMa
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3apH)K3Tb wnWIbKV 06'beM wnYJlbKH 3aBHCHT 01' ee pa3MepoB (Ha-
PY}KHOro .lI.HaMeTpa D, BHYTpeHHero .n:HaMeTpa d H WHpHHbI pa60'leiI
'-IaCTH b) YBeJlII'-IeHHe pa3MepoB wnYJlbKH BbI3bIBaeT YBeJlH'leHHe pa3-
lIfepoB KaK -caMoro 'leJlHOKa H .n:JlHHbl BepXHeH HHTKH, He06xo.n:HMOM}I"lIH
06Bo.n:a ee BOKpyr wnYJlbKH, TaK H pa3MepOB 3'BeHbeB MexaHH3Ma HHTe-
npHTHrIIBaTeJlH.
Bce 31'0 CHH)KaeT CKOpOCTb BpaI.lleHHH 1JeJlHOKa, T. e. YMeHbwaeT
npOH 3Bo .n: H TeJlbHOCTb MawHHbI, n03TOMY He06xo.n:HMO HMeTb OnTHMaJlb-
Hblii 3anac HHTKH Ha wnYJlbKe.
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:\1eTpa IlIiTOK, KOTOpbIMH CWHBalOTCH MaTepHaJlbI Ha MaIIIHHe. 06bI'-IHO
B MawHHax TH)KeJlOro .THna pa601JHH 06'beM IIInYJlbKH paBeH npHMepHO
06"beMY 20-30 M HHTKH N!! 0-00. B 6bICTPOXO.n:HbIX MaWHHax JlerKOrO
H cpe.!l.Hero THnOB 06'beM IIInVJlbKH npHMepHo paBeH 06'beMY 45-55 M
HHTOK N!! 40-50. 4eM TOHbllIe 6y.n:YT npHMeHHTbcH HHTKH, TeM 60JlbllIaH
.D.JlHHa HX nOMeCTHTCH Ha IlInyJIbKe.
3HaH pa3Mepbl IlInYJIbKH H .n:HaMeTp npHMeHHei\lOlI HHl'KH, HeTpy.u.-
HO onpe.n:eJIHT'b !l.'lHHY HHTKH, HaMaTblBaeMYIO Ha IlInYJIbKY
Pa601JHi'I 06'beM IlInyJIbKH (V nr ) 6y.n:eT
V 1t (D2 - d 2 ) b . ( 2 )
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1td 2
V = L ---!!...
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r.1e L - .n:JlHHa HHTKH, HaMaTbIBaeMoH Ha IlInYJIbKY; d u - .lI.HaMeTp
HHTKH; b - IIIHpHHa IlInYJlbKH.
rIOCKOJlbKY HHTKa KpyrJIaH H Me}K!lY ee pH.n:aMH npH HaMOTKe Ha
IlInV.lbKV 6Y!leT cB06o.n:Hoe npOCTpanCTBO, TO, npHpaBHHBaH 3TH 06'b-
el\lbl, Heo6xo.'I.HMO Y1JeCTb K03cf>cf>Hl.lHeHT 3anOJIHeHHH k.
C.'le.n:oBaTeJIbHO,
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MaTbIBaeMoH Ha IlInYJlbKY, 3aBHCHT TaK}Ke 01' BeJIH1JHHbI HaTH}KeHHH ee
npH HaMOTKe.
46
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Pa3"ep wnynhKH. HOMep HHTKM II HBMBTbl8aeMaa JlJJMHB, M
C:\1 06'be" Tvex CnO>KeHHiI weCTH CJlO)f(eHHA
1lI11VnIJ.
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nM3 -
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...,;
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23-.A 2,00 0,72 2,8 7,59 - - - - - 21 - -
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wnYJlbHOe 1Je.'lHO'lHOe YCTPOHCTBO nepBoH rpynnbI C B03BpaTHo-noBo-
pOTHbIM .lI.BH)KeHHeM 'IeJIHOKa HMeeT, HanpHMep, 3aKpenO'lHaH MaWHHa
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npaB.1HIOI.llHii I\O.lbueBolI na3 16 xo.n:a. Ha OCb 12 Ha.n:eBae1'CH IIInYJlb-
HbIi', KOJIna'lOK co IlIny.lbKoH.
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BpaTIIO-nOBOpoHIOe .n:BJ-I}KeHHe. rIOHCOK 14 1JeJIHOKa H HanpaBJIHIOI.llHH
na3 xo.n:a .n:OJI}KHbl cTporo COOTBe'J1CTBOBaTb !lPyr .n:Pyry KaK no .n:Ha-
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na3 xo.n:a 1JeJlIIOKa C 3a.ll.Hei1 cBoeH CTOpOHbI OTKpbIT H BMeCTO sallHeH
47

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lllny.'lbKa, HMelOllI.aH q,OPMY KaTYlllKH, Ha!:leBae1'CH Ha U:CHTpa.1b-
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pe.n:b, Ha.n:eBaeT'CH -Ha OCb 12 lleJIHOKa H 3anupaeTcH 3allI.eJIKOH 1
TaK KaK B .n:aHHOM THne lleJIHO'-lHoro YCTpoHcTBa IlIny.'lbHbIH KO.lIna-
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IIHH lleJIHOKa, TO 31'0 lle"'JHO'-lHOe YCTPOHCl'BO OTHOCH1'CSI K u:eHTpaJIbHO-
llln\'.'IbllO:\IV.
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HbIM: ero y.n:ep>KHBaeT 01' BpallI.eHI-ISI YCTaHOBOIIHbIii naJIell 3, BXOASI
llI.uii B BbIeMKY 15 KOJIbu:a 8, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha XO.'I.e lleJIHOKa 9.
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.n:HT neTJIH H3 BepxHeH HHTKH; n03TOMY nOBepxHocTH YCTaHoBoIIHOfO
naJIbu:a 3, BbleMKH 15 KOJIbu:a 8 'BO H36e>KaHHe nepeTHpaHHH Ii 06pbl'Ba
HHTKH .n:OJI>KHbI TllI.aTeJIbHO nO.TIHpoBaTbCSI.
Xo.n: '-IeJIHOKa 9 KpenHTcSI K nJIaTq,opMe. I10JIO)KeHHe HanpaBJISIIO-
llI.ero na3a 16 OTHOCHTeJIbHO nf.'lbI OlleHb TOIIHO YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI npH
c60pKe PYKaBa MaIlIHHbI C nJIaTq,opMOlI. TaKaSI TOIIHOCTb YCTaHoBKII
He06xo.ll.HMa .n:.'lH TOro, IIT06bI HOCHK '-IeJIHOKa npoxo.n:HJI OKOJIO HfJIbI
C npe.n:eJIbHblM 3a30pOM 01' 0,05 .n:o 0,1 MM. 3a30p Me>K.n:y HOCHKOM
lleJIHOKa H HfJIOlI B .n:aHHOM MexaHH3Me He pefYJIHpyeTH. B TO >Ke
BpeYIH npH YBeJIHlleIUm 3a30pa Me>K.n:y HfJIOH H HOCHKOM lleJIHOKa B03-
HHKaeT onaCHOCTb nponYCKa CTe>KKOB Bce.n:CTBHe He3aXBaTa neTJIH
HOCHKOM lleJIHOKa, B oc06eHHOCTH npH IlIHTbe TOHKHMH HHTKaMH TOH-
KHX TKaHeH H.TIH npH BbIIlIHBaHHH, KOf.n.a pa3MepbI neTJIH no.'lY'laIOTCSI
He60.'JbIlIIIe.
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HeKOTopOM npOTSI>Kemm pa30pBaH. CBepxy K Kopnycy xo.n:a lleJIHOKa
npHBepHYTa nJIaCTHHKa 10. I1pou:eCC 06pa30BaHHH CTe)KKa MaIlIHIIOH
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HHH CTe)KKa.
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IIpOBeJIa BepxHlO1O HlITKY 'lepe3 CIlIHBaeMbIe MaTepHaJIbI.
C.'le.n:yeT 3aMeTIITb, IITO BepxHHH HHTKa C KaTYIlIKII npoxo.n:HT Me>K-
.'I.y IlIaii6aMH pery.TISITOpa HaTSI>KeHHH 2, .n:aJIee B YIlIKO HHTenpHTHrH-
BaTeJIH 1 H, HaKOHeu:, B YIlIKO HrJIbI. HocHK lleJIHOKa Haxo.a.HTCSI B 31'0
Bpe:\tH 6.'lH3KO K KpalIHeMY JIeBoMY nOJIO>KeHl-lIO, Ha paCCTOHHHH 3,5-
4 M:\t 01' OCH IIr.'1bI.
TaKaSI YCTaHoBKa HY>KHa .lI..'lSI Toro, IIT06bI npH no.n:xo.n:e HOCHKa
48
qeJIHOKa K Hr..le OHa ycne.'Ia no.n.IIHTbCSI H3 CBoero HM)KHerO nOJlO>Ke-
nH H na 2,5 MM H co CTOpOHbl ee KopoTKoro )KeJI06Ka 06pa30Ba.1acb
].I.OCTaTO'-lHaH neTJIH.
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2,5 MM. CO CTOP?HbI l<opOTKoro )Ke.'l06Ka Y YIlIKa IIrJIbl 06pa30BaJIaCb
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'lTo6bI HOCH,K lle.1HOKa B 31'01' MOMeHT Mor BOHTH B neTJIIO B MeCTe ee
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HOCIIKa Ha !,5-2 MM. HOCHK 'leJIHOKa B 31'01' MOMeHT .lI.OJI>KeH HMeTb
CKOpOCTb 60JIbIlIYlO, lleM CKOpOCTb HrJIbI. ECJIH CKOpOCTb HOCHKa ''leJI-
HOKa K MOMerlTY Bxo.n:a ero B neTJIIO 6y.n:eT MeHbIlIe 'CKOpOCTH Hr.'lbI, TO
HOCHK He 3aXBaTHT neT"110 H B03HHKHYT nponYCKH CTe}KKOB. I1pH 31'0:\1
HeJIb3H He YIIHTblBaTb Toro, IITO 06pa30BaHHe neTJIH Y YIlIKa HrJIbI CO
CTOpOHbl KopOTKoro }[{eJl06Ka npOHCXO.'I.HT HeO.ll.HHaKOBO npH IlIHTbe
pa3JIHIIHbIX l\:aTepIIa.10B.
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49

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YCTall3BJIlIBaeTCH BnpaBO 01' pa60TalOmerO.
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na3a neT.1H A 3a.n:ep>KHTCH Ha HOCHKe 7 '-IeJlHOKa (nOJlO>KeHHe II I. e)
H He nepeMCCTHTCH K OCHOBaHHlO HOCHKa, TO OH 3aTHHeT ee B na3, H
BCpXHHH HI!TKa 060pBeTCH.
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.1Y'-IllIe 6YLleT nepeMeIllaTbCH neTJlH K ero OCHOBaHHIO. OD.HaKO '-Ipe3-
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nOBOpalJHBaH ero no '-IaCOBOH 'CTpeJlKe. Me>K.n:y BTOpbIM P0)KKOM 6.n:BlI-
raTeJlH H HOCHKOM lJeJlHOKa B .31'0 BpeMH 06pa3yeTcH 3a30p a (noJlo>Ke-
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nOBepxIIocTH J.O.nKIIbl 6LlTb TmaTe.'lbHO OTnO,lHPOBaHbI.
MOMeHT V npH J!.a,lbHefIlllel\1 !lBH>KeHHll qeJlHOKa B TO1 me H3-
npaB.1eHlIH OCHOBaHHe ero HocnKa nepeMewaeT neT.110 Ha nOBepxHocTb
Illny..1bHoro KOJlnalIKa (c nepc.n:He1! cTopmlbI) H 3a.n:HIOlO cTeHKY 4C.'I-
HOKa.
TleTJl5I H3-no.1 I10CHKa '-IeJlHOKa nepexo.n:HT Ha KpbIJIblIllKO 8. l.}eJl-
HOK BceM CBOHM Kopn\'coM KaK 6bI BXO.n:HT B neT,llO. l.}T06bI neTJlSI .1VlJ-
Ille nepexo.'I.u.la 01' 60KOBOIl KOHH'-IeCKOll nOBepxHocTH lJeJlHOKa K no-
BepxllocTH Illny..1bHoro KOJlnalJKa, Ha ee nYTH TaK)Ke He .n:OJl>KHO OblTb
50
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CTOpOHbl)
MOMeHT VI. OCHOBaHIie HOCHKa '-IeJlHOKa 3aBo.n:HT neTJlIO HeCKOJlb-
1<0 .n:aJlbIlle 3a BepTHKaJlb. YIllKO pbl'-lara HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJlH B .31'01'
nepHO.n: nO.ll:HHMaeTCH H CTaCKHBaCT neTJlIO C lJeJlHOKa.
nO.n:'beM )'llIKa HalJHHaeTCH HeCI<OJlbKO paHbllIe, '-IT06bI pbllJar He
HMe.'I pe3Koro .n:BH)KeHHH. BHa'-laJle YllIKO pbl'-lara HHTenpHTHrJIBaTeJlH
nO..1.HH:\<laeTCH Me.n:JleHHO H BbI6HpaeT H3J1HIllHIOIO (pe3epBHYIO) .n:JlHHY
HHTKIi, OCB060)K.n:eHHYIO HHTenpHTHrHBaTCJleM.
C6paCbIBaHHIO neT JlIi C '-IeJlHOKa cnoc06cTByeT TaK)Ke HaKJlOHHOe
I<pblJlblIllKO 8 '-IeJlHOKa.
.IJ.BIiraTeJlb '-IeJlHOKa npeKpamaeT CBoe .n:BH)KeHHe no lJaCOBOH CTpeJl-
I<e H Ha'-lHHaeT nOBOpa'-lHBaTbCH B 06paTHYIo CTOPOHY. 31'0 npHBO!lHT
K TOMY, '-11'0 P0)KOK 6 .n:BHraTeJlH CTaHOBHTCH Tenepb Be.!I.ymHM H Ha-
'-IlIIIaeT .l!.aBHTb Ha OCHOBaHHe HOCHKa '-Ie,lHOKa. l.}eJlHOK, cJle.n:YH 3a
.lI.BHraTeJleM, nOBOpa'-lHBaeT,cH B 06paTHYIO CTOPOHY, Ha'-lHHaH CBOH xo-
JIOCTOH: Xo.n:. neTJlH B .31'0 BpeMH nO'-lTH Y)Ke 06Be.n:eHa BOKpyr llInYJlb-
HOro KOJlna'-lKa co llIny.'lbKoM.
Me)KD.Y nHTO'-lKOIf lJeJlHOKa H P0)KKOM 4 .n:BHraTeJIH 06pa3yeTcH 3a-
30p, He06xo.n:HMb1H ,iI.JlH Bblxo.n:a c6poIlleHHoH neTJIH H3 '-IeJlHOlJHOrO
YCTPOll'cTBa.
MOMeHT VII. HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJlb 6bICTpO BbIBO.n:HT neTJlIO H3 '-IeJI-
H04Horo YCTpoHcTBa. neTJlH,BHYTPU KOTOpOH Tenepb HaXO!lHTCH HH)K-
HHH HHTKa, BbIXO.n:HT '-Iepe3 3a30p Me)K.l!.y pO>KKOM 4 H nHTO'-lKOH '-Ien-
HOKa. 4eJlHOK, BpamaHcb npoTHB '-IacoBolf CTpeJlKH, no.n:xo.n:HT ,cBoeH
nHTO'-lKOH K JleBoii CTelIKe OKHa B xo.n:e '-IeJIHOKa. 3Ta CTeHKa OT'HO-
CHTeJlbHO JIHHHH HrJlbl .n:OJImHa 6bITb pacnOJlO>KeHa Ha TaKOM
paccToHHHH, '-IT06bl B MOMeHT no.n:xo.n:a K HeM nHTO'-lKH '-IeJlHOKa neTJlH
yme BbIXO!lHJla H3 '-IeJlHO'-lHOrO YCTpOHCTBa. B npoTHBHOM cJlY'-Iae Bepx-
HHH HHTKa MO)KeT 3aTaCKHBaTbCH nHTO'-lKOH B na3 H 06pbIBaTbCH. .lI.a-
Jlee HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJlb 3aTHrHBaeT neTJIIO, BTHrHBaeT B MaTepHaJI
HH>KHIOIO HHTKY H 3aKaHlJHBaeT cf>opMHpoBaHHe CTe>KKa. .lI.BHraTeJlb
TKaHH nepeMemaeT MaTepHaJI .n:JlH 06pa30BaHHH c.'le.n:YIOwero CTemKa.
PaCCMOTpeB no.n:P06HO npou:ecc 06pa30BaHHH CTe>KKa, HeTpY.l!.Ho
Tenepb onpe.'I.eJlHTb, KaKHM .n:OJl)KeH 6blTb )TOJI Ka'-laIlHH lJeJlHOKa.
OlJeBH.lI.HO, .31'01' yrOJl .n:OJl>KeH 6bITb 60,'IbIlle 180° 31'0 npeBblIlleHHe
npoHCXO.n:HT 3a C'-IeT TOro, '-ITO B Ha'-laJle pa60'-lero XO!la OCHOBaHHe HO-
CHKa lJeJlHOKa .D.OJl>KHO Haxo.n:HTbCH BJIeBO 01' HrJlbI (nOJIO)KeHIle I), a
B KOHu:e pa60'-lero xo.n:a 3aXO.l!.HTb HeCKOJlbKO .rr.aJlbIlle 3a BepTHKaJlb
(nO,'lO>KeHHe VI).
B IllBeHHoH MaIllUHe 220-ro KJIaCCa vroJl KalJaHHH '-IeJlHOKa COCTaB-
JIHeT 206-210°. B IllBeHHblx MaIllHHax"c .n:onOJIHIfTe..1bHbIM nepeMeme-
HHeM HrJIbl nOC.le Ka)K!lorO npOKOJIa (HanpHMep, B neTeJIbHoi'f IllBei'moH
MaIllHHe 6-ro K.'laCCa TlM3, B 3Hf3ar-MaIllHHax) yroJ1 KalJaHHH '-IeJI-
HOKa .n:OJImeH 6blTb eme 60JlbllIe, TaK KaK Hr..la npH JleBOM YKoJle CMe-
UlaeTCH OT BepTIiKaJIH BJleBO, '-11'0 BbI3blBaeT He06xo.n:HMOCTb YCTaHaB-
JIHBaTb HOCHK '-IeJlHOKa nepe.n: Ha'-laJIOM pa60lJero xo.n:a HeCKOJlbKO
.l!.aJlbIlle OT BepTHKaJlH.
Heu.eHTpaJlbHO-IllnYJlbHble '-IeJlHO'-lHble YCTpoHcTBa, B Heu:eHTpaJlb-
51

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HOKOM (pHC. 28, a, 6) npou:ecc 06pa30BamIH CTemKa npoHc'Xo.rr.UT
anaJIOrJitJHblM 06pa30M.
4eJlIIO'IHOe YCTpOi-iCTBO .nOH rpynnbI HMeeT llIBellHaH MallJJiHa 23-.\
K.'IaCCa rIM3 .lI.JlH THmeJIbIX pa60T no Kome (pnc. 28, a).
0)
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Puc. 28. Hel.leHTpaJlbHo-llInynbHoe IJenHO'iHOe YCTpoiicTBO
a-'IallJHHbI 23-A Knacca; 6-c )l.nHHHbIM HOCHKOI: B-IOMeHT BbIXO)l.a Hr,lbI
H3 MaTepHana
l
TaK KaK IlInYJIbKa 3.l1.eCb CMeIlI.eHa OTHOCHTe.lbHO u:eIITpa tJe.1HOKa,
TO MOMeHT c6paCbIBaHfISI neTJIH npoHcxo.n:in HeCKOJIbKO paHbIlIe, eIlI.e
.lI.O TorO, KaK OCHOBaHHe HOCHKa qeJIHOKa OBe.n:eT ee .n:o BepTHKaJIH.
TI03TOMY yrOJI KatJaHHH 'IeJIHOKa nOJlY'-IaeTCH :\leHbIlIe, '-Ie:\-I B U:CHT-
paJIbHO-IlInYJIbHOM tJeJIHOtJHO:\I YCTpoi-iCTBe. B IlIBell-
HOH MaIlIHHe 23-A KJIaCCa OH COCTaBJIHeT 192°
TaKoe pacnOJIO}Kemle IlInYJIbKH ,U,aeT B03MO}K-
HOCTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO YBeJIH'IHTb ,U,JIHHY HOCHKa
(CM. pHC. 28, 6), '-ITO oc06eHHO BamHO .'{.lSI IlIIiTbH
TaKIIX nJIOTHbIX MaTepHa.'lOB, KaK KOLKa IIJIH 6pe-
3eHT.
HaCKOJIbKO nOJIe3UO YBeJIIItJemle .n:JIHHbI UOCIIKa,
6y.n:eT SIcno H3 paCCMOTpeHHH pIlC. 28, 8, r.rr.c H30-
6pa}Keu MOMeUT BbIxo.n:a HrJlbI H3 MaTepHaJIa. CKO-
pOCTb .lI.BH}KeHJISI .lI.J1HHHOIl BeTBH neTJIH D tJepe3
yIlIKO HrJIbI npII 'IeJIUOKe C KOpOTKHM HOCBKOM
BeCbMa 3Ua'-lHTeJIbU3. KpO?lle Toro, HrJIa BJImeTCH
BBepx, T. e. HaBCTpetJy .lI.BH}KeHMIO UHTKH. B pe3YJlb-
TaTe 3Toro I-IHTKa B TO'IKe T, npJI}KaTaH HrJIOli K
MaTepHaJIY, .n:BH}KeTC5! C 60JIbIlIOH CKOpOCTbIO H npH
nOIlIHBe nJIOTHbIX MaTepHaJIOB (KomH, 6pe3eHTa H
.n:p.) B 3HatJHTeJIbHOIi CTeneHII TepHcT CBOIO npotJ-
HOCTb. .lI.JISI YMeIIbIlIeHHSI nOTepn npO'-lHOCTII HIITKII }[{e,'laTeJIbHO B J'JIIe
0603Ha'IeHHOH 6YKBOH T, HMeTb y HrJIbI He60JIbIlIOiI }Ke.'l060K. '
4e.iIHOK C .lI.JIJIHHbIM HOCHKOM, 3aXBaTHB neTJIIO (pHC. 29), y.n:ep}KJI-
BaeT ee Ha HOCHKe H HC pacIlIIIpHeT .n:o Tex nop, nOKa HrJIa He Bblll,U,eT
H3 MaTepHa.'la. rIpH paCIlIHpeHHII neTJIH HHTlia, .n:BHraHCb tJepe3 CBO-
.11
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52
6o.n:Hoe OTBepCTHe, B MeubIlIeiI CTeneHH TepHeT CBOIO npOtJHoCTb. rIpaK-
THKa 3KCnJIy aTa u H H MaIlIHH C KOJle6JIIOIlI.HMHCH Heu:eHTpaJIbHO-IlInYJIb-
JlbIMH tJeJIHOKaMH C .n:JlHHHbIM HOCIIKOM nOJIHOCTbIO no.rr.TBep}K.n:aeT 3TO.
3. MexaHu3M Ka'IalOl.J..{erOCSI qeJlHOKa
Ka'-laIOIlI.HHCSI qeJIHOK KaK B u:eHTpaJIbHO-IlIny.lbHoH, TaK H B He-
U:CHTpaJIbHO-mnYJIbHOH IlIBeHHoiI MaIlIHHe B npou:ecce CBoeH pa60TbI
COBepIlIaeT B03BpaTHo-nOBopOTHoe .rr.BH:iKeHHe, nOJIYlJaH 3TO .n:BH>KCUHe
OT P0}KKOB .n:BHraTeJIH lJeJIHOKa.
KaKHM .n:OJI}Keu 6bITb MexaHH3:\1 nepe.n:alJH, lJT06bI OT paBuoMepHo
BpaIlI.aIOIlI.erOCH rJIaBHOrO Ba.'la MaIlIHHbI nepeHTH K B03BpaTHo-nOBO-
PHC. 30. MexaHH3M IJe.1HOKa
MaLUHHbl 220-ro Knacca
2

6

pOTI-IOMY .n:BH}KeHHIO .lI.BIIraTeJIH, 3aKpen.leHHoro Ha '-IeJIUOlJHOM BaJIY?
rIpH 3TOM yrOJI KalJaHHH .lI.OJI>KeH 6bITb nopSI.n:Ka 206-210°. .
B u:eHTpaJIbHO-IlInyJIbHbIX IlIBei-iHbIx MamHuax C KatJaIOIlI.HMCH 'Iek
HOKOM caMoro pa3Ho06pa3Horo Ha3Ha'-leHHSI nO"lYlJHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHHe
lliapHHpHblH '-IeTbIpeX3BeHHHK B COlJeTaHHH C KYJIHCHbIM MexaHH3MO:\1.
PaCCMOTpHM B KalJeCTBe npH:\lepa TIInH'-IUbIiI MexaHH3M .n:BH}KeHHH
lJeJIHOKa IlIBeHl-IOH MaIlIJIHbI 220-ro KJIaCCa (pHC. 30)
lllaTYH 2 BepxHeif IlIapoBoil rOJIOBKOH OXBaTbIBaeT mapoBYIO IlIei-i-
Ky u KOJIeHa 8 rJIaBHorO BaJIa 1. lllapoBaH napa B:\-IeCTO U:JIJIIIH.n:pH'-IeC-
KOll c.n:eJIaHa 3.n:eCb .n:JIH YCTpaHeHHSI HenapaJIJIeJIbHOCTII oceH BaJIOB H
OTBepcTlIH, oc06eHHo Bpe.ll.HOH npH 60.1bIlIOM lJHCJIe 060pOTOB r3IaBHOrO
Ba.'la MaIlIJIHbI.
HlI}KHHII Koueu: IlIaTyua IlIapuHpuo CBSI3au C ropH30UTaJIbUbL\1
nJIe'-lOM yrJIOBOrO pbIlJara 3. B BepnIKa.lbHoM n.lelJe yrJIOBOrO pbIlJara,
HMeIOIlI.eM cf>OPMY BHJIKH, B OTKpbITOM npope3e (<<3eBe») CKOJIb311T nO.l-
3YH (KYJIHCHbIlI KaMeHb) 4, CH1J.HIlI.HM Ha naJIbu:e KOpOMbICJIa 5.
,53

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KOpOMbICJlO 5 3aKpenJleHO Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHu:e 'leJlHO'-lHoro BaJla 6,
a nBpeHeM KOHU:C KOToporo KpenHTcH .n:BHraTeJlb 7 'leJlHOKa.
DpH Ka'laHHH yrJloBoro pbl'-lara 3 nOJl3YH 4, nepeMeI.llaHcb B 3eBe
BHJlKH, 3a-CTaBJlHeT Ka'laTbCH KOpOMbICJlO 5. .llBHraTeJlb qe.JIHOKa, 3a-
hpenJleHHblH Ha hOHu:e BaJla, 6y.n:eTco06I.llaTb TaKHe )Ke .n:BH)KeHHH
'-I eJlHOKY.
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. OA=12,7
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PHC. 31. KHHCM3TH'IeCKaH cxeMa MeX311H3Ma '1CJIHOKa
TaKHe MexaHH3MbI BCTpe'laIOTCH II B .n:pyrHx u:eHTpaJlbHO-IllnYJlbHbIX
npOMblIllJleHHblX MaIllHHax C Ka'-laIOI.llH1\fCH '-IeJlHOKOM: B neTeJlbHOH
IllBelIHoH MaIlIHHe 6-ro KJlaCCa .n:JlSI H3rOTOBJleHHH neTeJlb Ha 6eJlbe, B
IllBeHHOH MaIllHHe 18-ro KJlaCCa JlH npHIllHBaHlIH nJlOCKHX nyrOBHU:, B
IlI'BeHHOH MaIlIHHe 4-ro K.'IaCCa, B 6blTOBOii MaIllHHe 2M KJlaCca.
KHHeMaTU'leCKaH cxeMa, 'H306pameHHaSI Ha pHC. 31.. U, 6, .n:aeT
nO.'IIIOe npe.n:cTaBJleHHe 0 CTpYKType MexaHH3Ma H 0 .n:BH}KeHHH 'Ram-
.n:oro OT.n:eJlbHOrO ero 3BeHa.
54
KYJlHCHble MexaHH3Mbl 'laCTO BCTpe'-laIOTCH B MaIl1HHOCTpoeHIIH,
npHMepoM MO)KeT CJlY)KHTb MexaHH3M nOnepe'-lHO-CTpOraJlbHOrO CTanKa.
Ho, C .n:pyroH CTOpOHbl, pe.n:Ko BCTpe'laIOTCH CJIY'laH, Kor.n:a Be.n:YI.llIIM
3BeHoM SIBJIHeTCSI KYJIHca. Be.n:YI.llHM 3BeHOM B 60JIbIllHHCTBe cJlY'laCB
HBJIHeTCH KpHBoIllHn, KYJIHCa me HBJIHeTCSI..Be.n:OMbIM 3BeHOM H M01KeT
TOJIbKO Ka'laTbCH. B MexaHH3Me .n:BHmeHHH 'leJIHOKa IllBeHHoH MaIlIlHlbl
Be.nYI.llHM 3BeHOM HBJIHeTCH KYJIHCa, a Be.n:OMbIM - KOpOMbICJlO Ba.1a
'leJIHOKa.
Oc06eHHocTbIO .:Horo MexaHH3Ma HBJIHeTCH TO, 'lTO OH MomeT 06ec-
ne'-lIlTb nOBopoT Be.n:OMoro 3BeHa npH MaJlOM nOBopoTe Be.n:YI.llero.
YroJl nOBopoTa KYJIHCHOrO BaJIa B 3TOM MexaHH3Me He ,U,OJlmeH
6bITb CJlHIlIKOM 60JIbIllHM, TaK KaK npH yr JIax, 66JIbIl1HX 100°, nOHBJ1H-
eTCH onaCHOCTb caMOTOpMO)KeHHSI MexaHH3Ma. 1.JeJIHOK )Ke .n:OJI}KeH
nOBOpa'-lHBaTbCH Ha yrOJI 206-210°
Depe.n:a'la .n:BH)KeHHSI npoHcxo.n:HT CJIe.n:YIOI.llHM 06pa30M: OT KOJIena
rJIaBHOrO BaJIa OA H IllaTYHa AB yrJIOBOH pbI'lar BCD nOJIY'-laeT no-
BopoTHoe .n:BH)KeHHe Ha yroJI 90-100° (CM. pHC. 31, u) KOpOMbICJIO
DE 6y.n:eT nOBOpa'lHBaTbCH Ha 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO 60JIbIl1IIH yrO.l. JIerKo no-
.n:06paTb TaKHe pa3Mepbl 3BeHbeB, npH KOTOpblX yroJI nOBopoTa KOpO-
MblCJIa B TO'lHOCTII OTBeqaJI 6bI 3a.n:aHHoii BeJI 1I'l If He T.la Ka'-laH,1H
'-IeJIHOKa.
DpH onpe.n:eJIeHHbIx pa3Mepax 3BeHbeB yrO.1 nOBopOTa 'leJIHOKa
onpe.aeJIHeTCH nOCTpOeHI-leM TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX KpaHHHX nOJIOJKerItIH
MexaHH3Ma - BepxHcro, YKa3aHHorb Ha pHC. 31. 6 CnJIOIllHbIMH JI-HHHH-
MH, H HHmHero, YKa3aHHoro YCJIOBHbIMH JIHHHHMH. BepxHee nOJIOmeHH
6y.n:eT Tor.n:a, Kor.n:a KOJIeHO OA H IlIaTYH AB BbITHHYTCH B o.n:HY nLJH-
MYIO, npoxo.n:HI.llYIO 'lepe3 u:eHTp BaJIa O. To me 6yeT H npH HHX<HCM
nOJIOmeHHH, HO Tor.n:a A 2 6y.n:eT Haxo.n:HTbCH ymc Ha HH)KHeH CTOpOHE
OKPY)KHOCTH.
MexaHH3M 'leJIHOKa .n:OJI)KeH pa60TaTb B cTporoM COOTBeTCTBHII c-
.lI.pyrHMH MexaHH3MaMH MaIlIHHbI, B nepBYlo O'lepe,U,b C MexaHH3MOM
HrJIbI. .l1JIH 3Toro He06xo.ll.HMO C TO'-lHOCTbIO + 0,5° 3aKpenJIHTb KpIlBO-
IlIHn HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY OTHOCHTeJIbHO KOJIeHa rJIaBHOrO
BaJIa, T. e. YCTaHaBJIHBaTb cf>a30BbIH yrOJI Me}K.n:y naJIbu:e1 KpHBOIlIHna
HrJIOBO.ll.HTeJIH H KOJIenOM rJIaBHOrO BaJIa.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BeJIH'lHHbI cf>a30Boro yrJIa Hr.'la H3 HH)KHerO
nOJIOme-HHH MO)KeT no.n:HH'MaTbCH paHbIlIe HJIH n03me Toro, KaK .'umra-
TeJIb '-IeJIHOKa 3aHMeT KpaHHee nOJIOmeHlle.
.QJIH MaIlIHH pa3J1H'-IHOrO Ha3Ha'leHHH npaKTHKoH YCTaHOBJIeHO CJIe-
.lI.YIOI.llee:
- B MaIllIIHe 220-ro KJIaCCa HrJIa no.n:HHMaeTCH H3 HH)KHerO nO.10-
>KeHHH paHbIlIe, 'leM .n:BHraTeJIb 'leJII-IOKa 3aiiMeT KpaHHee nOJIOmeHIIe
Ha TOJI nOBopoTa rJIaBI-IOrO BaJIa B 2°
B 6bITOBOH MaIlIHI-Ie KJIaCCa 2M 3TO onepemeI-IHe COCTaBJIHeT 5°.
- B 6blTOBOil MaIlIHHe «3Hr3ar» onepemeI-IHe COCTaBJIHeT Bcero 1°
- B MaIlIIIHe THmeJIOrO THna KJIaCCa 23AM .n:JIH IlIHTbH TOllCTOl1
I{O)KH .n:BHraTeJIb 'leJIHOKa nepeMeI.llaeTCH H3 KpaHHero nOJIOLKeHlIH
paHbIl1e, 'leM HrJIa onYCTHTCH B HHmHee KpaHHee nOJlomeI-IHe Ha yrOJI
nOBopoTa rJIaBI-IOrO BaJIa Ha 2,5:>
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Hcc06JIIO;I.CHIIC YKa3aHHblX YC.l0Blfii YXY.J.UJaCT B3aHMO.ncikTBHC
pa60Tbl 'leJlHOKa C IIr.10H. M8UJIIHbl, npOBCpHTb
PeKOMeH.D:\.CTCH, oc06eUl-1O nOC.le peMOHT8 Ba .., y
. "IITC1H H8 rJlaBHOM .. C.'lC.n:YIOI.l{HM
\"CTaHOBKY KplfBOUJlfna nr. 7 IOBO.... .
06pa30M. aXOBHK MaUJIIHbl nOBOpa'lHBaIOT rJlaBHbII1 Ba.'l .n:o TCX
BpY'lIlVIO 3a M . 6
nOKa' lIa'lI.'IO .le3BHH nr.'IbI npH .!1.BH}!{Cmm BHH3 npH JlH3HTCH K
nop, . HapY}!{HoMY .n:HaMCTPY '-ICJlHOKa.
1.Je.1HoK .!1.BHraCTCH npoTH'B 'laCOBOII
CTpCJlKH.
B 3TOM nOJlO)[{CHHII Ha lIrJlO'BO-
.n:HTCJIC OKOJlO Topu:a HH}!{HCH BTYJI-
KH, HanpHMCp KapaH.n:alllOM, HaHC-
CTH PHCKY P, a Ha qCJlHOKC Ha .1H-
HIIH .n:BmKcnHH Hf.'Ib! (pIlC. 32)
Ha.HCCTH PIlCKY A. 3aTcM HY>KHO
npo;I.o.'l}!{aTb BpaI.l{aTb r.!H!BHbIil
Ba.'l MaIllHHbI .n:o TCX nop, nO'Ka IIr-
.la 113 HH>KHCrO nOJlO}!{CHliH no.n:-
HIL\-!CTCH (Ha 5-5,5 MM) HaCTO.lb-
KO, '-:TO pHCKa P OKa}!{CTCH onHTb
OK0.110 Topu:a HH}!{HCH BTYJlKH, a Ha-
qaJlO C3BHH HrJlbI nO;I.oH.n:cT K Ha-
PY}f{HOMY ;I.HaMcTpy qCJlHOKa. Ha
PHC. 32. nOnO)f{eHHe Hrnbl H IJeJllfOK3 qCJlHOKC no JlHHHH .n:BH}f{CHHH HT JlbI
npH nepeMelI.leHl1il Hrnbl: HaHCCTH BTOpyIO pHCK1' E. DpH
3TO1 'lCJTHOK Ha.!I.o no.n:}f{HMaTb PY-
KOII K BCpXHCMy PO}!{KY .lI.BHraTCJlH
'lT06bI HCKJlIOqHTb BJlHHHHC 3a30pa MC}!{.n:y PO}!{KOM H qCJI-
ti,
t
,
I
=!=
...-
I 1\
j 
0)
0-BII1I3; 6-BBepx
'lC.1HO'Ka,
HO'KOM.
J].JlH MaIllHH 220-ro KJlaCCa Me}!{.!I.Y plicKaMH A H E .n:OJI}!{HO 6bITb
paccTOHHHC B 2 MM H pHcKa A .n:OJl}f{Ha .n:aJIbIllC OTCTOHTb OT HOCHKa
qc.'lHOKa, qCM plicKa E. 3TO YKa3bIBaCT Ha TO, '-ITO '-ICJIHOK Ha'-lHHaCT
.'I.BHraTb-CH OT KpaifHcro nOJlO}!{CHHH n03}!{C, qCM Hr JIa, Ha yroJl n0130-
pora rJIaBHorO Ba.'la B 2°
BCJlC.lI.CTBHC HcpaBHoMcpHOCTH .D.BH}!{CHIIH BCCX 3BCHbCB McxaHH3-
Ma OH HMCCT 60JlbIllYIO .n:HHaMHqCcKYIO ,HcypaBHoBcIllCHHOCTb. HcpaBHo-
MepHO'cTb .n:BH}!{CHHII OT.lI.CJIbHblX 3BCHbCB C ncpcMeHHbIMH cKopocrHMH
HB.1HCTCH npHqHHOH B03HIIKHOBeHIIH HHepU:HoHHbIX HarpY30K B qaCTHX
McxaHIf3Ma. HHepU:HoHHble HarpY3KH B IllBeHHbIx MaIllHHax C HeypaB-
HOBCIllCHHbIMoH MexaHH3MaMH npH 60JlbIllOH qaCTOTe BpaI.l{eHHH MorYT
BO l!,oro pa3 npeBocxo.n:IITb c06CTBeHHblH Bec COOTBe'I'CTBYIOI.l{I1X .n:c-
Ta.1CII. COrJIaCIlO .lI.HHaMHqeCKHM nCCJle.D.O'BaHIIHM qCJlHOqHbIl1 MexaHH3M
IllBCHHOH MalllHHbI 4-ro K.1aCCa DM3 UpH qaCTOTeBpaI.l{CH'IH
2200 06/MHH pa60TacT C 60JIbIllI-DUI HanpH}!{eHHHMH H nO.ll.Bep}!{H
6b1CTpO:vry H3HOCY
B pe3YJIbTaTC II3Hoca nOHB.1HlOTCH 3a30pbI MC}f{.lI.Y 3BeHbHMH Mexa-
HH3Ma H CTYK. ILa}f{e BepxHHH IllapoBaH rOJlOBKa IllaTyHa C IllapblM
KO.1CHO'M rJIaBHOro BaJla pa60TaeT C 60.,1bIllOH HarpY3KoH: Y.lI.eJIbHOe
56
)I.aBJIeHHC B napc npH '1aCTOTC BpaI.l{CHIIH BaJIa 2500 06/MHH .n:OXO.n:HT
.n: 0 100 .n:aH/cM 2 Ha1l60JlbUJce paCTHrIIBaIOI.l{Ce yCH,'lHC B lllaTYHe coc-
raB.TJHeT 117 .n:aH. Me)J{.n:y TC:vr laIllUHa 97 oro K.lacca, IlMeIOI.l{aH paBHo-
MCpHO BpaI.l{aIOI.l{HlkH qC.'lHOK, YCTOlf'-lHBO pa60TacT npH 5000 06/MHH.
DpIIIfHMaH BO BHHMaHHe, qro HHepU:HOHHble HarpY3KH pacTYT npo-
nopu:noHaJlbHO KBa.'I.paTY yrJloBblX CI\OpocTeH, a yr.'IOBble CKOpOCTH
HaXO;J:HTCH B npH1011 3aBHCHMOCTH OT qaCTOTbI BpaI.l{eHIHI rJlaBHOrO
Ba.TJa MaIllHHbl, JIerKO C.!I.CJIaTb BbI'BO.D:, qTO npH nOBb!IlleHHH '-IaCTOTbI
BpaI.l{CHHH rJIaBHOrO BaJla XOTH 6bI Ha 20% HIIepU:HoHHbIC HarpY3KII H
BbI3bIBaeMbIe HMU HanpH}!{CHUH YBC.1U'-III.1HCb 6bI B (1,2)2= 1,44 pa3a,
qTO npUBeJIO 6bI K 6b!CTPOMY H3HOCY BCCX tIacrelI MeXa'HU3M3 II He-
.n:OI!\'CTHMbIM BH6paU:HHM H nO.TIO:\IKaM.
Ha.1IlqUC 3a30pa MC}!{.n:y pmKKa:\1H ;I.BIlraTeJIH H '-ICJlHOKOM npIlBO.iUIT
K TOM\', qTO .lI.BIIraTc.lb qe.1HOKa 11 qeJlHOK He Bccr.n:a CBH3aHbi 061llHM
.n:BI1}!{CHHCM - 6blBaIOT MOMeHTbI npli nepeMeHe HanpaBJleHHH BpaI.l{C-
HHH, Kor.n:a 'lCJlHOK OTpbIBaeTCH OT pmKKOB .n:BHraTe.1H 'lCJlHOKa H KO'H-
TaKT MC}!{.!I.Y HIIMII HapYIllaeTCH, BOCCTaHaBJIHBanCb B KaKOH-TO MOMCHT
C HeH36e}!{HbIM y.n:aPO'M. Y.n:apbl II CTYK npOHcxo.n:HT c perYJIHpHOl1 no-
CJle.n:OBaTeJlbHOCTbIO H nOCTOHHCTBO:\I - no .lI.Ba y.n:apa 3a Ka}!{.J.bIII
060POT MaIilIIHbl.
Y.n:apbI HeH36c}!{HO npIlBo.n:HT K I13HOCY MeCT B3aHMHoro conpIlKOC-
HOBCHHH: Y qeJlHOKa - nHTOqKH II :\leCTa no.n: HOCHKOM, y .D:BHraTCJlH
qemIOKa - KOHqUKOB OOOHX PO}!{KOB. 3TO O'cooeHHO 3aMCTHO B MaIllIl-
Hax npOMblIllJleHHO'rO nma C OTHOCIITC.lbHO BblCOKOl1 'laCTOTOii BpaI.l{e-
HHH.
He1l36e}!{Hble CTYKH B qe.1HO'-lHO:\1 YCTPOHCTBC HBJlHIOTCH xapaKTep-
HOH OCOOCHHOCTbIO IllBCflHOH laIllHHbI C B03BpanlO-nOBopOTHbIM '-Ie.l-
HOKOM.
B COBpeMeHHbIX u:eHTpa.lbIIO-Illn.lbHbIX 'CCMellHbIX :\laIllIfHax C Ta-
KIIMII qCJIHOKaMH .lI..1H YCTpaHeHHH CTYKa HJlH CMHrqCHHH y.n:apOB Ha
KOHU:bI PO}!{KOB .n:BHraTeJIH '-IC.1HOKa 3aKpen.1HeTCH OOI.l{aH ynp) raH n"la-
CTJ-IHqaTaH npY}!{J-IHa.
B npOMblIllJIeHHblX IllBeHHbIX MaIllIIHax TaKIIC npY)KHHbl He UpH:vrC-
HHIOTCH.
KaK BH.n:HO H3 pHC. 27-28, U:CHTp T5!}!{eCTH qe.1HOKa He COBuaj,aeT
C cro OCbIO BpaI.l{eHHH. C TOqKH 3peHHH .n:HHaMHKII TaKofI xapaKTep
BpaI.l{eHHH BCCbMa HeBblrO.D:eH, TaK KaK npH 3TOM HeH36c}!{:w nOHB-
JIHeTCH u:eHTp06e}!{HaH CHJla B pa.n:IIaJlbHOM HanpaBJIeHJ-IH, KOTopaH
npH}!{HMaeT qeJIHOK K Xo.n:y, Bbl3bIBaH II3HOC nOHCKa qCJIHOKa II lia-
npaBJIHIOI.l{erO na3a XO.'I.a.
Bce 3TH HBJleHHH, MaJIO 3aMeTHbIe B TJ-IXOXO;I.HbIX, HanpIIMep B CC-
MeiiHbIX lllBelIHbIX MaIllHHax, pe3KO YCH.1HBaIOTCH C nOBblIlleHHCM qa-
CTOTb! BpaI.l{eHHH. .
TaKHM 06pa30M, BCJIe.n:CTBlIe .n:HHaMIIqeCKOii HeypaBHoBeIlleHHOCTH
OT.lI.C.lbHbIX 3BCHbCB MexaHU3Ma lIe.1HOKa, OrpaHJ-I'-IHBaIOI.l{HX nOBbIIllC-
IIHe CKOpOCTH BC.J.YI.l{ero Ba.'Ia, :\laIllHHbl C B03BpaTHo-nOBopOTHbIM
.lI.BII}!{eHHeM qeJlHOKa He HalllJlII IllHpOKoro npHMeHeHHH. OTCIO.!I.a Bbl-
BO.'1, qTO .!I.JlH BbICOKJ-IX CKopOCTeii HY)KHbI qCJIHOKH, pa60TaIOI.l{He no
.lI.PyrOMY npJ-lHU:Hny.
57

,.
I'
llp06JJeMa YBeJJfl4eHl-IH '-IaCTOTbI Bpa1l1.eHflH rJJaBHOrO BaJJa MalllflHbI
6bI;la ycnelllHO' pa3pellleHa B lllBeHIIOH MalllflHe C HenpepblBHO' paBHO'-
MepHO' BpaIl.(810Il.(fI!\ICH '-IeJJHO'KO:\1.
4. l{eJJHO'lHble YCTpoiicToa C OpaIl.{alOIl.{"M"CH 'leJIHOKaM"
(pOTaLl."OHHble)
I'
110 xapaKTepy Bpa1l1.eHflH 4eJJHOKa Bce «pO'TaUfloHHble» '-IeJJHO''-IHble
 CTpO'H'cTBa IO}JmO' pa3.n:eJJflTb Ha .n:Ba BfI.n:a.
a) 4eJJHO'-lHbIC YCTpO'HcTBa C paBHO'MepHO' Bpa1l1.alOllUlMfiCH 'leJ1HO-
Ka :\1fI;
6) 'leJJHOllHble YCTPO'llcTBa C HepaBHoMepHO' BpaIl.(alO1l1.flMflCH '-IeJJ-
HOKa:\1fI (B HaCTO'HIl.(ee BpeMS! BeCbMa pe..'l:KO' BCTpe'l alO 1l1. fl eCfI)
4e"lHoK MO':>KCT paHO'MepH? Bpa1l1.aTbcH npfl pa3JJfI'-IHblX nepe.n:a-
TO'4HbIX OTHO'llleHflHX: l= I I l= I 2 flJJfI i= I 3, B pe3YJJbTaTe '-Icro
lle.'lHOK MO:>KCT BpaIl.(aTbcH C TaKO'H }J(e '-IaCTO'TOIl, KaK H r JJaBHbIH Ba.l
MalllHHbl, HJJH Bpa1l1.aTbCH B.n:Boe H BTpO'e 6bI,cTpee, '-IeM r.laBHbIII Ba.l.
HaJI60JJblllee pacnp'CTpaHeHHe B lllBelIHoM MalllHHocTpoeHHH nO'.1Y-
'lH"lII 'leJJHO'lHbIe YCTpO'flcTBa C paBHoMepIlbIM Bpa1l1.eHHCM lleJJHO'Ka npH
nepe.n:aTO''-IHOM O'THOllleHHH i= 1 2.
TaKfiM O'6pa30M, B 6O'JJblllflHCTBe c.'lYllaeB llaCTOTa Bpa1l1.eHflH 'leJJ-
HOKa B.n:BO'e 6O'JJbllle llaCTOTbI Bpa1l1.eHIiH rJJaBHO'ro BaJJa.
HaJJHllfle XOJJOCO'rO xO'.n:a Y Bpa1l1.alO1l1.flxCH '-IeJJHO'KO'B C nepe..'l:aTOll-
HbIM O'THOllleHfleM l = 1 2 HB.1HCTCH fiX 1I3BeCTHbIM He.n:O'CTaTKO'M TaK
KaK B03HflKaeT 6O'JlblllOii fl3HO'C HanpaB.1HIOIl.(erO' na3a 'leJJHO'Ka ;f no-
HCKa lllnY"le.n:ep:>KaTe.1H. Of
. 1l0nblTKfI npnMeHeHHH lleJJHOKO'B C nepe.n:aTO'llHblM OTHOllleHl-IeM
l = 1 1 He .n:aJJH nO'JIO}J(fITeJJbHbIX pe3YJJbTaTO'B.
.,4C.1HO'llHO'e YCTPOHCTBO TaKoro THna 6blJJO OCY1l1.eCTBJJeHO' B lllBeH-
HO'H MalllflHe BflJJJJep-BHJJbCOHa: 3aTHrHB8HHe CTe:>KKa npOlfCXO.n:flJJ 0'
3.n::Cb npfl 06pa3O'BaHfIfi CJJe.n:YI01l1.ero CTe:>KKa. .Q.'lH y.n:ep:>KaHflH nep-
BOfi neTJJH 6bIJJa npfiMCHeHa oc06aH 1l1.eTOllKa, KO'TopaH pa6O'TaJJa He-
H.n:e}J<HO': npO'flcxO'.n:flJJO' npe:>K.n:eBpeMeHHoe COCKaJJb3bIBaHHe neTJJII, II
HOCHK LJeJJHOKa 3aXBaTbJ.BaJJ He TOJJbKO' neTJJIO y YlllKa Hr.1JbI, HO fI npe-
.n:bl.n:yIl.(YIO neT.1IO.
OT MOMeHTa 3aXBaTa neTJIfi .n:O' MOMeHTa ee c6poca HOC'fIK 'IeJJHOKa
nOBO'pa'lfiBaeTCH Ha yrOJJ, 60JJbIllflH 180°, TaK KaK O'CHOBaHHe HOCflKa,
KO'TOpblM OH Be.n:eT neT.'lIO, pacnOJJO:>KeHO O'T OCTpHH npfiMepHO' Ha 20",
H .n:H O'6ecneLJeHflH c6poca C lleJIHOKa neTJJH 3aBo.n:flTCH 3a BepTflKaJJb
npfiMepHo Ha 10-15°
TaKfiM 06pa30M, npH pa601leM XO..'l:e 'IeJJHOK .n:O'JJ:>KeH nOBepHYTbCH
Ha 06Il.(IIH yrO'JJ 210-2 I 5° llpe.n:nO'JJO':>KflM, 'lTO lleJJHOK Bp a 1l1.aeTCH
paBHoMepHO' npH nepe.n:aTO'llHO'M O'THO'llleIIfIfi i= I 1
TO'r.n:a 'le.1HO'K fI rJJaBlIbIii BaJJ 6y.n:YT Bpa1l1.aTbcH c o.n:flHaKoBoi'1 vr-
JJOBO'H CKOpOCTblO' H nOBOpallHBaTbCH 3a O'.n:HHaKOBbIe npOMe:>KYTKH
BpeMeHH Ha O'.n:IfHaKO'BbIe yrJJbI.
Ha30BcM O'THO'llleHHe yrJJa nOBO'poTa rJIaBHOrO' BaJJa MalllHHbI 3a
KOTOpbIi'1 npoIlcxo.n:flT pa601lflH XO'.n: lJ.eJJHOKa, K yr JJY nOBopoTa r i:IB-
58
! ,: ,
1:1
! I'II
It
" I
I',
II II
I I
II,
I ,
,
1,1
I,
I: i
, I
'I
,
I
I
, I
'f I
I,
,I
II
I-!Oro BaJJa 3a nO'"lHbIii UflKJJ 06pa3O'BaHIIH CTe:>KKa KO'34>q,HufleHTO'M
pa60'lerO' xo.n:a 'leJJHO'Ka.
k,,=k, (6)
If,!
rfi C q - yrO'JJ nO'BO'pO'Ta rJJaBHO'rO' BaJJa 3a pa601lflH xo.n: lleJIHO'Ka.
£I - yrO'JJ nO'BopOTa rJJaBHO'rO' BaJJa 3a nOJJHblH UflKJJ 06pa30BaHflH
cTe:>KKa.
TaK KaK O.n:flH CTe:>KO'K 06pa3yeTcH 3a O.n:flH 060pOT rJJaBHO'rO' Ba.la.
TO (fQ=360° llO'.n:cTaBJJHH B q,OPMYJJY 3TfI 'InCJJOBble 3Ha'-leHflH, nO'JJY-
tJaeM .n:JJH Halllero CJJYtJaH KO'3q,4>flUfleHT pa601lero X 0'..'1: a lle.1HOI<a:
k = 210° + 215° - 0 .57 -+- 06.
" 360 0 ' ,
KaK YBn.n:nM HfI:>Ke, K03q,q,HuneHT 3TOT CJJfllllKOM BeJJflK.
Onpe.n:eJJHM Tenepb KO'3q,q,flUfleHT pa60'lerO' xO'.n:a flfJJbI kll' Pa60-
llflii XO'D. nrJJbI 'HallflHaeTCH C MOMeHTa, KO'r.n:a flfJJa npOKaJJbIBaeT \1a-
TepHaJJ, H KO'HllaeTCH, Kor.n:a IIrJJa, nO'.n:HflMaHCb H3 CBoero HfI:>KHerO
nOJJO':>KeHHH, O'6pa3yeT neTJJIO O'KOJJO YlllKa fI npflxo.n:flT B nO'JJO'}J(eHfle
3aXBaTa neTJJfI HO'CflKOM lleJJHOKa.
llpO'KOJJ MaTepHaJJa HrJJOH npoflcxo.n:HT 3a YfO'JJ nO'BopO'Ta f.'laBHOrO
BaJJa 80-85°, CllHTaH OKOHQaHHeM npOKOJJa KpaHHee HfI:>KHee nO'JJO:>Ke-
Ime flrJJbI. Ha nO'.n:'beM flfJJbI B nOJJO:>KeHfle 3aXBaTa neTJJH Tpe6yeTcH
yroJJ nOBO'poTa 20-30°
TaKfiM 06pa30M, pa601lflH XOJl. fir JJbI npO'Hcxo.n:flT 3a yrO'JJ nOBOpO'-
Ta r JJaBHOrO' BaJJa 105-1 15°, OTCIO.n:a K03q,<t>IlUfleHT pa60lJ.ero '(o:{a
HfJJbl nOJIYllaeTCH paBHblM
k = 100 0 + 115° - 0 28-+-0 32
II 3600 ' "
a cYMMa KO'3<t><t>nueHTO'B .n:JJH 'leJJHO'Ka H flrJJbI
k,,+kll::':::: 0,85 -+-0,92.
3TO O'3HallaeT, tJTO' Ha 3aTHrflBaHfle CTe:>KKa Me'{aHfl3MO'M HIITe-
npHTHfflBaTeJJH H Ha nepeMe1l1.eHHe MaTepflaJJa MexaHfl3MOM peHKfI
OCTaeTCH BcefO 0,1 UHKJJa, T e. ) rOJI nO'BopO'Ta f JJaBHO'rO BaJJa 36°, B
TO BpeMH KaK 'CY1l1.eCTBYI01l1.fle MexaHH3Mbl HlITenpnTHrflBaTeJIeH Tpe6y-
lOT KO'3<t><t>flUfleHTa pa6O'llefO xo.n:a nopH.n:Ka 0,3. '"'\
.QJJH YBeJJfltJeHHH nepflo.n:a pa601lero xo.n:a HfiTenpflTHfHBaTeJJH HY:>K-
HO flJJH YMeHblllflTb KO'3<t><t>HUfleHT pa60tJerO' xo.n:a fir JJbl, HJIH nOHTfi Ha
CHIl:>KeHfle pa6O'llerO xo.n:a caMO'ro lleJJHOKa. "
K03<t><t>flUfleHT pa601lerO' xo.n:a fir JJbI OTHOCflTeJJbHO HeBeJJHK, H .n:JJH
ero YMeHbllleHflH nO'Tpe6O'BaJIO'Cb 6bl 3HallHTeJJbIIOe YCJJO':>KHeIIfle Bcero
MexaHH3Ma. CJJe.n:oBaTeJJbHO, OCTaeTCH O.n:HO pellleHfle - CHfl3f1Tb KO-
3<t><t>flUHeHT pa60tJero xO'.n:a lJ.eJJHO'Ka.
YMeHblllflTb K03<t><t>flUfleHT pa601lerO' xO'.n:a lleJJHO'Ka MO':>KHO pa3.1flll-
HblMH cnoc06aMfI: 1) CMe1l1.eHfleM lllnYJJbKfI OTHOCflTeJJbHO' OCfI BpaIl.(e-
HHH, T. e. nepexo.n:oM K HeueHTpaJJbHO-lllnYJJbHoMY lJ.eJJHO'KY; 2) npfl-
MeHeHHeM lJ.eJJHO'Ka C HepaBHOMepHbIM Bpa1l1.eHHeM; 3) YBeJIHlleHfleM
CKOpOCTH Bpa1l1.eHflH lleJI.HOKa.
59

II
I
I'
CMe1l1.eHHe ll1n\".'lbKH OT aCIl Bpa1l1.eHIUI npH HeueHTpaJIbHO-ll1nYJIb-
HbIX l/eJIHaKaX .n:aeT Ba3MmI<HOCTb npOH3Bo.n:HTb a6Ba.n: neTJIH, He AOBO-
.'I.SJ ee .n:o BepTl-IKaJIII, HanpHMep, 3a Bpe!\tSJ nOBopaTa HaCHKa 'IeJIHOKa
npH pa60'-leM xa.u.e Ha yrOJI 150°. B 3TO:\t cJIYl/ae K03I!JI!JUHeHT pa6a-
l/cro xa.n:a '-Ie.'IHOKa, aCTaBJISJH nepe;I.aTOllHOe OTHall1eHHe t= 1 1, Ma:>K-
150 0
HO nOJIYl/HTb paBHblM k'i= 360 0 = 0,42. .QJIH pa60l/era xa.n:a HI-ITe-
npuTSJrHBaTeJISJ aCTaBaJIaCb 6bI .rI,OCTaTO'lHaH l/aCTb UHKJIa.
CMe1l1.eHHe ll1nYJlbKH aTHOCIITe.lbHa OCH Bpa1l1.eHHH BbI3bIBaeT 3Ha-
'lHTeJIbHOe YBeJIH'IeHHe pa3MepOB 'IeJ1HOKa, KOJIlI'IeC'PBa HHTKH Ha 06Ba.n:
neT.'1H H Bcex 3BeHbeB MexaHH3Ma HHTenpHTSJI'HBaTeJIH. TI03TOMY TaKHe
l/eJIHO'lHble YCTpOHCTBa He Hall1.'lH npHMeHeHHH B 6bICTPOXOAHblX Ma-
I ll1HHax.
\.-- K031!JI!JHUHeHT pa6a'lero xa.!J,a l/eJIHOKa MO:>KHO 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO yMeHb-
ll1HTb, eCJIH npH pa60'leM xo.n:e 'leJIHOKa 'C0061l1.aTb eMY YCKapeHIwe
.n:BH:>KeHHe, a npH XaJIOCTOM xo.n:e - 3aMe.n:JIeHHoe. BBe.n:eHHe B Mexa-
HH3M nepe.n:a'lH YCKopHTeJIeH YCJIO:>K.fIHeT KOHCTPYKUHIO. E1l1.e 6aJIee
OTpHuaTeJIbHbIM l!JaKTopOM HBJISJeTCH 'B03HHKHOBeHHe HHepUHOHHblX Ha-
rpY30K KaK CJIe.!J,CTBHe HepaBHOMepHoro .n:BH:>KeHmI. C TaKHMH 'IeJIHO-
KaMH BbmYCKaJIHCb ceMeHHbIe ll1BeHHbIe Mall1HHbI, H ll1HpOKOro npHMe-
HeJ:IHH 3TH Ko.HCTpYKUHH He nOJIY'IHJIH.
B 6bICTPOXO.n:HbIX npOMblll1JIeHHbIX llLBeHHbIX MalllHHax 'IeJIHO'lHor{J
THna caMoe ll1HpOKOe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJIY'IHJIH ueHTpaJIbHa-ll1nYJIb-
Hble paBHOMepHO 'Bpa1l1.aI01l1.HeCH 'leJIHOKH C YBeJIH'leHHOH B 2 pa3a
yrJIOBOH CKOpOCTbIO 'leJIHOKa no OTHOll1eHHIO K CKOpOCTH Bpa1l1.e-
HHSJ rJIaBHOrO BaJIa. K031!JI!JHUHeHT pa60'lero xo.n:a 'leJIHOKa, co-
OTBeTCTBeHHO YMeHbll1eHHbIH B 2 pa3a, CTanOBHTCH paBHbIM 0,3; H Ha
pa60'lHH Xo.n: HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJIH OCTaeTCH Tenepb .n:OCTaTO'lHaH 'laCTb
UHKlIa, T. e. BnO.'1He Jl,oCTaTO'lHbIH yroJI nOBopoTa rJIaBHOrO BaJIa.
PacnOJIO:>KeHHe lllnYJIbKH B ueHTpe Bpa1l1.eHHH lJ.eJIHOKa .n:aeT B03MO:>K-
to
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Bp a 1l1. a I01l1.HMHCH 'leJIHOKaMH npH nepe.n:aTO'lHOM OTHOll1eHHH 1 : 2 HMe-
laTCH B ll1BeHHbIX Mall1HHaX 22-A, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 97-1'0 H .u.Pyrnx
KJIaCCOB TIM3.
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HHeM nepeJl,aTO'lHOrO OTHOll1eHHH i= 1 : 3. 4eJIHOKH Ha 3THX MalllHHax
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'leJIHOKa - pa60'lHII, a .n:Ba 060poTa - XOJIOCTble.
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CBe.n:eHHSJ 0 'leJIHO'lIIbIX YCTpallcTBax». .
B llIBeHHblx MallIl1HaX C Bpa1l1.aI01l1.HMHCH 'leJIHOKaMH nepBoH rpyn-
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K CHH>KeHHIO CKOpOCTH H YMeHbll1eHHIO npoH3Ba.n:TeJIbHOCTH Mall1HHbI.
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5, l{eJIHO'lHble YCTpoHcTBa nepBoH rpynnbl
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CHI IlInYJIbHOrO KO"lna1lKa, H n03TOMY OHO cnoc06cTByeT Ha6eraHIIIO
KOpOTKOH BeTBII neTJlIi Ha nOBepXHOCTb IlInYJlbHOrO KOJIna'-lKa 8. Ha
nOBepxHoCTIi IlInYJlbHOro KOJlna1lKa H IlIny.'le.n:ep:>KaTeJlH HIITKa He .n:o.rr-
}I<Ha BCTpe1laTb YCTynoB, 3ayceHIIu.; pbl1lar 3aIlleJlKH OTKpbl'BaeTCH C
npOTIIBO'TIOJIO:>KHoi"1 CTOpOHbI. ....
llJlIlHHaH BeTBb neTJlH D., 3aBe.n:eH-HaH 3y60M 5 3a nOSlCOK, Ha6era-
eT Ha OOKOBYIO cTeHKY 9 IlInYJle.n:ep}j{aTeJIH (CM. pIlC. 35, V, 6, 8, II ce-
1lCIIHe EE, Ha KOTOpblX yKa3aHo nO.'1O}j{eHHe neTJIH BHYTPH 1le.rIHO'l-
Horo YCTpoifcTBa) lJT06bl BeTBb neTml ,'1Y'-lwe nepeMeIllaJIa-cb 01' 60-
KOBOH nOBepxHoCTII K .n:OHbIWKY wnYJIe.n:ep}j{aTeJlH, nOBepxHocTb 9 B
3TOM MeCTe .n:eJlaeTCH HaKJlOH-HOH no.n: yr 310M 30° H T1l1.aTeJIbHO nOJIH-
PYCTCH. lJeM MeHbwe paccToHHIIe 01' nOHCKa .n:o .n:OHbIWKa Illny.'le.n:ep-
}j{aTeJlH, TeM .'1YllIUe neTJlH 6YD:eT nepexo.n:HTb Ha Hero. llOHblIllKO B
3TOM MCCTe I1MeeT Bblpe3 10 (pHC. 35, V, 6) nepexo.n: 01' 60KOBOi"1
CTeHKH K .n:OHbIIllKY c.n:eJlaH n.1aBHbIII. nOCKO.IJbKY .n:"lIiHHaH BeTBb neT-
JIH 0. CKOJIb3HT B npo.n:o.lbHOM HanpaBJIeHHII, TO 31'0 TaK}j{e cnOCOOCT-
ByeT ee nepeMeLUeHIllO 01' OOKOBOH nOBepXHOCTIi wnYJleJl,ep}j{aTeJIH K
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MOMenT VI. OCIIOBaHlie HOCHKa '-leJlHOKa nO.ll,BOD:HT neTJIIO BepxHei"1
HIITKII K BepnIK3J1Ii. KopOTKaH BeTBb neTJlIi I( B 31'0 BpeMH nepeMe-
IllaeTCH CBCPXY IllnY,le;I.ep}j{aTeJIH no nOBepXHOCTH IllnYJIbHOro KO.'1na1l-
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YIliKO HIiTenpIiTHrIlBaTe.1H B 31'0 Bpe:\IH Me.n:JIeHHO no.n:HHMaeTCH H Bbl-
6I1paeT pC3epBHYlO .'lHIllHIOIO .n:JIIIHY HIiTKH, oCBo60}j{.n:eHHYIO HIITenpH-
THrIiBaTJIeM. HII}U;HHSJ HHTKa v}j{e 'HaXO.'1.I1TCH B 3TOi"1 neTJIe.
MOMenT VII. npH ;I.aJlbHeiiIlleM BpaLUeHlIH 1leJlHOKa OCHOBalIIIe 110-
CHKa 3aBo.n:HT neTJlIO 3a BepTIiKaJlb. neTJlH CTaHOBII1'CH nOllTH 06Be-
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KOBoro nOJlYKoJlbu.a 1, He conpIlKa,caHCb C nOHCKOM IllnYJIeJl,ep}j{aTCJIH,
1lTO npe.n:oxpaHHeT HHTKY 01' nepeTIipaHHH II 3aI'pH3HeHIIH.
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Ha nOSICKe LUnYJIe.n:ep)){aTeJIH. 3y6 1 HanpaBJ1SIeT KOPOTKYIO BeTBb neT-
JIH no.n: .n:OHbILUKO llInYJIe)J,ep)){aTeJISI.
nOJIO)){eHHe IV, .l1.JIHHHaHBeTBb P. neTJIH OCHOBaHHeM HOCHKa IJ:eJI-
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BeTBb K neTJIH npoxo.n:HT CHH3Y no.n: llInYJIe.n:ep*aTeJIeM.
.l1.JISI Toro IJ:T06bI o6ecnetJIITb Heo6xo.n:HMblH 3a30p Me)){.n:y BbICTY-
nOM 7 llInYJ1e.n:ep)){aTeJIH H 60KOBOH cTeHKoH 6 HroJlbHoll nJIaCTIIHKII,
IiMeeTCSI CneUHaJIbHaSI OTBO)J,Ka 8, KOTopaH Han<HMaeT B 3TOT MO:\1eHT
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MO}l{HOrO 3aXBaTa HOCHK3M qeJIHOKa.
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THrHBaeT CTe}l{OK H CMaTbIBaeT C KaTylliKH H3pa'cXOAOBaHHYIO .n:JHIHY
BepXHeii HHTKH.
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HBJIHeTCH OTBeTCTBeHHbIM MOMeHTOM 06pa30BaHHSI CTe}l{Ka 3THM qe.l-
HOKOM. KopoTKaSI BeTBb neT JIH, pacnOJIO}l{eHHaH OKOJIO HanpaBJIHIO-
U{ero 3y6a 1, nepexo.n:HT Ha .n:OHblllIKO lllnYJIe.n:ep}l{aTeJIH 10. HaKJIOH-
HaSI (KoHHqeCKaH) nOBepxHocTb 11 {:noc06cTByeT 3TOMY nepexo:llY.
Depexo.n: neTJIH OT 3y6a 1 K .n:OHbllllKY llInYJIe.n:ep}l{aTeJIH, ()l!eBH.n:HO,
3aBHCHT OT pac{:ToSIHHSI .n:OHbIlliKa .n:o BeAyU{ero nOSICKa. 4eM MeHbllIe
3TO paccTOHHHe, TeM ,TIyqllIe 6y.n:eT nepeMeU{aTbcSI BeTBb neTJIH, HO ero
YMeHbllleHHe nOBJIe'-leT H YMeHbllIeHHe BbI'COTbl llInYJIbKH, qTO He}l{e-
.1aTeJIbHO.
4T06bI KopoTKaH BeTBb neTJIH OT 3y6a 1 6bIcTpee nepeMeU{aJIaCb
K .n:OHbllllKY llInY,'Ie.n:ep}l{aTeJIH, 60KoBaH nOBepxHocTb B 3TOM MeCTe
)J.eJIaeTCH KOHHqeCKoH. .D.JIH YBeJIH'-leHHH yrJIa HaKJIOHa a2 60KOBOH
nOBepxHocTH 11 K BepTHKaJIH (CM. CeqeHHe no AA) me3.n:0 P, .n:J1H
llInY.'IbKH B llInYJ1elI,ep}l{aTeJIe CMeU{eHO OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH UeHTPHPYIO-
U{ero nOHCKa Ha 0,5 MM B npoTHBOnOJIO}l{HYIO CTOPOHY OT 3y6a 1,6JIa-
rO.rI,apSI '-leMY CTeHKa 60KOBOii KOiI-IHqeCKoi-i nOBepxHocTH B 30HC Ha6e-
raHHH KOpOTKoi-i BeT'BH neTJ1H nOJIY'-laeTCSI YTOJIlllCHHOiI. Ha 3Toi-i CTe.H-
Ke .n:onOJIHHTeJIbHO IlJpe3epyeTcH KOHHqeCKaSI nOBcpxHOCTb C 66.TJbllIHM
HaKJIOHOM (a2= 24 0 ), qeM KOHlIqeCKaH nOBepxHocTb (at = 100) B oc-
TaJIbHoi-i 30He. DOJIbllIoi-i HaKJIOH nOBepxHocTH 11 cnoc06cTByeT nepe-
MeweHHIO neT.1H OT nOHCKa K .n:OHbIlliKY lllnYJIe.n:ep}l{aTeJIH H YJIY'-lllIaeT
06BO.n: neT JIH.
HapY}l{Hoe nepe.n:Hee KpblJIO 5 lllnYJIbHoro KOJIna'-lKa, Ha KOTopoe
nepexo.n:HT .n:JIHHHaH BeTBb neTJIH po, .n:OJI}I{HO 6bITb no.'lOrHM, XOpOlliO
3anOJIHpOBaHHbIM. KpoMe TOro, BbICOTa 60pTa 4 qeJIHOKa .n:O.l}1{Ha 6blTb
MaKCHMaJIbHoi-i, qT06bI neTJIH JIY'-lllIe nepeMeU{aJIa{:b Ha KpblJIO 5
lllnYJIbHOrO KOJInaqKa.
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7 )l.O'nO'JIHHTeJIbHble CBe.n:eHHH 0' qeJIHO'qHblX
YCTpO'HCTBaX
CpaBHItBa51 npou€-cc pacLUHpeHHH neTJIH Ka'-laIOU{HMHCH '-leJIHOKaMH
nma 220-ro (4-ro) H 23-ro KJIaCCOB DM3 C npouecco:vr paClllHpeHJIH
neT.1H pOTaUHoHHblMH qeJIHOKaMH, MO}l{HO npHi-iTH K CJIe.n:YIOU{HM BbI-
Bo.n:aM.
TaK KaK llInYJIbKa B KaqaIOU{eMCH '-IeJIHOKe pacnOJIaraeTCH nO'-lTH
CH:\IMeTpH'-IHO OTHOCHTeJIbHO HrJIbI. TO paClllHpeHHe neTJIH "PH 06BOlI,e
npOHcxo.n:HT KaK 3a C'-leT paClllHpeHHH KOPOTKOi-i, TaK H .n:JIHHHOi-i BeTBH.
HHTKa HMeeT MeHbLUe neperH60B, CJIe!!,OBaTeJlbHO, MeHbllIe no.n:Bep}l{e-
Ha nOTepe npOqHOCTH.
O BpaU{alOllleMCH '-le.1HOKe C ropH30HTaJIbHoi'1 OCbIO BpallleHHH
llln) JIbKa CMeU{eHa OTHOCItTeJlbHO nr.'lbl, H YBeJIH'-IeHHe neTJIH npOHC-
XOJ,ItT B OCHOBHO:\1 3a C'-IeT paCLUHpeHH5I O.n:HOII BeTBH, iB pe3YJIbTaTe
'-lero BCpXIlSISI ,HiiTKa .rI,OnOJIHHTeJIbHO H3rH6aeTCH, qTO Be.n:eT K nOTepe
ee npO'-lHOCTIi.
Ka'-lalOlllHeCH 'leJIHOKH KaK eHTpaJIbHO-lllnY"lbHbIe, TaK H HeeHT-
pa.'lHO-rnnYJIbHbIe B'ce eU{e Haxo.n:HT ce6e npHMeHeHHe B THXOXO.n:HbIX
lllBeHHbIX MallIHHax !!,JIH CLUH!3aHHH oc060 TH}I{eJIbIX nJIOTHbIX MaTepHa-
.'10B, KaK HanpHMep TH}I{eJIOH IW}KH, pe3HHbI It 6pe3eHTa, B TO BpeMSI
KaK .n:JIH llIHTbH JIerKHX H cpelI,HHX MaTepHaJIOB npHMeHHIOTCH nOBCIO.n:y
TO,lbKO 6bICTpoxo.n:HbIe MallIHHbI C BpaU{aIOU{HMIiCH qeJIHOKaMH (c m;-
peJ.aTOqHbnl OTHOllleHIleM i = I : 2)
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IlHH CTe}l{Ka nOBepXHocTlI Tex .n:eTaJIei'1 qeJIHOqHOrO )l'CTpoi-icTBa, no KO-
TOpbIM CKOJIb3HT HHTKa, .n:OJI}I{I-lbl oc06eHHO TU{aTeJIbHO nOJIHpOBaTbCH
Jl He ,1IMeTb HH BbI-CT}nOB, HH uapanHH, HH 3avceHeB.
TaKHe TU{aTeJIbHO OTnOJIHpOBaHHbIe nOBepXHOCTH npH BbICOKOiI
TBepJ.OCTH 3aKa.1KH (nopH!!,Ka HRC 60) .n:aIOT ropa3.n:o MeHblllHi-i KO-
31lJ1lJ1IUHeHT TpeHHH H COD:eiicTBYIOT 6bIcTpei-illieMY pacllIHpeHHIO neTJIH.
Bce 3TO IIMeeT oc060e 3Ha'-leHHe !!,.'1H COBpeMeHHbIX 6bICTPOXO.n:HbIX Ma-
lllllH, r.n:e BeCb npouecc o6pa30BaHHH (:Te}l{Ka npOHcxo.n:HT 3a 1/60-
1/80 !!,OJIlO ceKVH.n:bI
1..Je.'IHoK MawHHb; THna 22-A. KJIaCCa 'BbIrOJ,HO OTJIlIqaeTCH OT qeJIHO-
KOB !!,pyrHx TImOB He60JIbllIH:VI .n:HaMeTpoM. DeT.'IH 113 BepxHei'1 HHTKH,
He06xo.n:HMaSI .n:JIH 06Bo.n:a BOKpyr lllny.1e.n:ep}l{aTe.IIH, nOJIY'-laeTCH 3.n:eCb
1\.leHbllIe, '-lel\1 BO 'BpalllaIOU{HXCH qeJIHOKaX .n:PyrHx KOHCTpYKUHi-i. DpH
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llIeHHOH H3HOCOyoCTOH'-lHBOCTH '-le.1HOKH 3Toro THna 06eCneqItBalOT HOp-
Ma.lbHYIO pa6OT)' i\IalllHH .n:a>Ke npll CKOpOCTH BpallleHHH rJIaBHOrO Ba-
'1a 6000 06/:V1I1II.
B npoecce 3Kcn,lyaTaHH '-Ie,lHOqHbIX YCTpoi'ICT'B HaH6oJIbllIC:\IV
It3I10CY nOJ,BepralOTcH HanpaBJISIIOU{Hi'1 na3 '-leJIHOKa H nOSICOK llInyae-
1I.eplKaTc.1SI.
u .D.JIH nOBbIllleHHH H3HOCOYCTOHqHBOCTH .n:eT3JIeii qeJIHO'-lHbIX \"CT-
pOIl'CTB Ha DM3 HM. Ka.'lHHHHa npoBo.n:HJIHCb pa3.'mqHbIe HcnblTa.iuHI.
 CCJIe.n:oBaHHSI nOKa3aJIH, qTO CYJI!>IlJHHH3auHH qeJIHOKa H llInYJIe.n:ep-
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73

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Topoi'! 'BCpXHfUr HHTKa 06BO.n:HTCH BOKpyr InDKHeH HHTKH no 'IaCOBOII
CTpeJ1KC. YKa3allHaH CTpO'IKa C'II1TaeTCH HOpMaJ1bHOH ,lJ.,,1H CTa'IUBaHHH
TKaHei'! H ,lJ.pyrHx MaTepHaJ10B. TaKOH BH,lJ. nepenJ1eTeHl{f! HHTOK B
CTe}\{Ke OTBe'-laeT TeXH0J10rH'IeCKHM Tpe60BaHHHM (HepacnYCKaeMOCTb,
o.n:HHaKOBbIH H MHIIHMaJ1bHbIH paCXO,lJ. Ha CTe)lWK BepXHeH H HH)lUlC1I
HHTOK H ,lJ.p.). KaK YBH.n:HM .n:aJlee, TaKOll BIi.n: nepenJ1eTeHliH C03)LaeTCH
nO'ITH BceMH CTa'IHBaI01l1.liMIi MalliliHaMIi npli pa60'IeM HanpaBJ1eHliH
nepeMCllleHliH MaTepHaJ1a. B ;J.3.'lbHeHllIeM 6y.n:eM Ha3bIBaTb era nep-
BbIM, 1i.1H OCHOBHblM BIi.n:OM nCpenJ1CTeHHH.
CTC}\{OK C HY}\{HbIM nCpCnJ1eTeHlieM HliTOK MO}\{eT nOJ1YlJ.a rbCSl TO.'lb-
KO npn c06mo.n:eHH-1i onpe.n:eJ1eHHbIX YCJ10Blill.
OpH HCKOTOpblX YCJ10BliHX MO}\{eT nOJIY'IliTbCSI BTOpoii BIi.n: nepe-
n.'leTeHHSI HHTOK 'C J1eRbiM y3J10M (pac. 42, 6), B KOTOpOM neTJ1H H3
BepxHeii HHTKH nOBepHYTa no 'IaCOBOH CTpe.1Ke, eCJ1H {:MoTpeTb CHli3Y
l\101KeT nOJIY'IHTbCSI TpeTliH BIi.n: nepenJ1eTeHHH, OTJlli'-lalO1l1.liHCSI 01'
OCHOBHoro TeM, 'ITO BepxHSISI HliTKa nepenJIeTaeTCH C HIi}\{HeH npoTliB
'IaCOBOH CTpeJ1KH (puc. 42,8). TaKoe nepenJ1eTeHlie HHTOK MallO OTJ1I-
'-IaeTCH OT OCHOBHora, HO, KaK 6y.n:eT nOKa3aHO .n:aJIee, Tpe6yeT npliMe-
HeHHH HHTOI( .n:pyroro HanpaBJ1eHHH KPYTKH. TpeTHH BH.n: nepenJ1eTeHliH
HB.15leTCH «06paTHbl:vr» nepBOMY BIi.n:y.
Ha pliC. 42, z YKa3aH lJ.eT.BepTbIH BH)L nepenJ1eTeHliSI HliTOK C npa-
SbIM Y3JIOM, B KOTOpOM neTJ1SI H3 BepxHeH HliTKIi nOBepHYTa npoTHB
lJ.aCOBOH CTpeJ1KH. 4eTBepTbIH BIi.n: nepen.leTeHHSI SIBJ1SIeTCSI «06paT-
HbIM» BTOPOMY. MmKeT nOJIY'IliTbCSI nSITbIH BH!I. nepenJ1eTeHHSI C )LByMSI
p.'laMIi (pliC. 42, 0).
HaH60JIbllIee pacnpoCTpaHeHHe liMeIOT nepBble .n:Ba BIi.n:a nepenJIe-
TeHliSI; .n:pyrlie BH.n:bI BCTpelJ.aIOTCSI pe.n:Ko.
Oo.lY'IaeMbIe B nepen.leTeHIiIi Y3JIbI npH CLUHBaHHH :vrSIrKHX MaTe-
plIaJIOB )LalOT HeKpacliBYIO CTpOlJ.KY, liMeI01l1.YIO 4>OPMY eJIO'IKIi. KpoMe
Toro, pacxo.n: BepxHeii HliTKH Ha CTe}\{OK YBe.lIH'IHBaeTCH .n:o 40% no
cpaBHcHHIO C pacxo.n:oM HliTKH npli OCHOBHOM BH.n:e nCpenJ1eTeHHH.
TaKoro nepenJIeTeHHH HeJ1b3SI .n:onycKaTb npli OCHOBHOM HanpaBJIeHli1i
nepe:\>le1l1.eHHSI MaTepHaJ1a. OHO peKOMeH.n:yeTcH .n:JISI 3aKpenJIeHliSI llIBa
OT pacnYCKaHHSI B KOHle llIliTbSI (Ha 3aKpeIJKax). KpoMe Toro, .n:J1H
3aTSIrliBaHHH CTC}\{Ka C TaKHM nep'enJIeTeHHeM Tpe6yeTcH nOBbIllIeHHoe
HaTSI}\{eHHe BepxHel"1 HHTKIi, B oc06eHlIOCTH npli CllIHBaHHH nJIOTHbIX
:\laTCpHaJ10B, KaK HanpliMep KO}\{Ii, pe3HHbI H .n:p.
XapaKTep nCpenJ1eTeHHH HHTOK B lJ.eJIHO'IHOM 'CTe}\{Ke 3aBH-CliT OT
C.1C.rr.YI01l1.HX OCHOBHbIX 4>aKTopOB: pacnOJIO}\{eHHH HOCliKa 'IeJ1HOKa 01'-
HOCHTCJ1bHO HrJlbI; HanpaBJleHliSI BpallleHHH 'IeJIHOKa; pacnOJIO:>KeHliSI
HHIKHel"1 HHTKH OTHOCHTeJ1bHO lir J1bI; HanpaBJ1eHliH ncpe:\le1l1.eHHH Ma-
TcplIa.la.
OeTJIH BepXHej'1 HHTKH, 06nOD:liMaSI 'IeJ1HOKOM BOKpyr llInYJ1bKH, KaK
6bl.10 nOKa3aHO paHee, HMeeT ABe BeTBIi: KOPOTKYIO K, .n:JIliHHYIO ;1,.
P3cnO:IO}\{eIHe 3THX BeTBel"I no OTHOllIeHlilO K HOCHKY 'Ie.1HOKa OKa-
3bIBaeT 60J1bllIOC B.1H5IHlie Ha xapaKTep nepenJIeTeHHSI HHTOK.
B u:eHTpaJIbHO-llIny.'lbHOH MalliliHe C KOJIe6JIlOlllli\1CH lle.1HOKO:\1
BeTB:I neTJ1H npH 06BO.1.e BOKpyr llInyJIbI<H He MeHSIIOT CBoero nepDO-
Ha'ILI.lbHoro no.lmKeHHH, Me}\{D:Y TeM KaK B LUBeHHOH MalliliHe C Bpa-
75
xopOllilie pe3YJIbTaTbI .n:aJIO xpmmpoBaHlie llIny.lIe.n:ep>KaTeJIeH TO,'!llI.H-
HOII CJIOH 10 MKM (npe.n:BapliTeJlbHO TepMH'IeCKH 06pa60TaHHblx)
XpoMlipoBaHHbIH llInYJIe.n:ep}\{aTeJ1b H3HalliliBaeT{:H B 2 pa3a MCHb-
llIe, lJ.eM HexpoMHpoBaHHbIH. KpoMe Toro, U3HOC HanpaB.'ISIIOllI.era na3a
B '-IeJ1HOKe, pa60Tal01l1.eM ,C XpoMlipoBaHHblM llIny.'Ie;r.ep}\{aTeJIc:vr, He-
CKOJIbKO MCHbllIe, 'IeM H3HOC (: HexpoMlipoBaHHblM llInYJI e .n: e p}\{aTe.lIeM.
HaMIi pa'OCMOTpeHbl OCHOBHble THnbl 'IeJIHO'IHbIX Y-CTpOHCTB, Ka}\{-
.n:bIH li3 KOTOpblX HMeeT 'CBOH xapaKTepHble oc06eHHocTH; B O.n:HOM TIme
lJ.eJIHOlJ.HOrO YCTpoHcTBa Bpa1l1.eHlie lJ.eJIHOKa npOliCxO;I.liT B O.n:HO:vr Ha-
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a-OCHOBHOn; 6-c neBbiM Y3nOM; a-06paTHbln I-MY: Z-C np8BblYi Y3nOM;
a-c Jl,BOnHbIM Y3nOM
npaBJIeHliH, B .n:pyroM - B .n:pyroM HanpaBJIeHlili; B O.n:HOM Tline H.OCliK
lJ.eJ1HOKa B MOMeHT 3aXnaTa neTJIIi nO.n:XO.n:liT K lire cnpaBa, B .n:py-
rOM - CJIeBa. Bce 3TO He HBJ1SIeTCSI CJIYlJ.aHHbnl, a 06YCJ10B.lIHBaeTCSI
He06xo.n:liMOCTblO 06ecnelJ.UTb nOJIYlJ.eHlie 'COOTBeTCTB)' lO1l1.ero nepen.le-
TeHHH HHTOK B CTe}\{Ke.
BH.n:bI nepenJIeTeHHSI HHTOK B CTeKe I, BHD:bl nepenJIeTeHHH HHTOK
B 'CTe:>KKe xapaKTepH3YIOTCSI pacn0J10}\{eHHeM (4)OPMOj'I) CK06bl nepe-
nJ1CTeHHSI BepXHeH HliTKIi. KaK nOKa3aJIIi 3KcnepHMeHTbI, BIi.n: ncpe-
nJ1eTeHHH HliTOK B CTe}\{Ke HBJ1SIeTCSI O.n:HliM H3 OCHOBHbIX 4>aKTopOB,
BJIliSII01l1.liX Ha H3MeHeHlie KPYTKIi nepXHej'r HHTKII Ii ee 06pbIBHOCTb.
KpoMe Toro, BIi.n: nepenJIeTeHHH OKa3bIBaeT cy1l1.eCTBeHHoe BJ1liSIHlie Ha
Ka'-leCl'BO {:Tp01JKIi: BHellIHliH BIi.n: (paCKpYLJliBaHHe BepxHci'I HUTKH npSI-
Moro Y'-laCTKa CTe}\{Ka), pacxo.n: HliTOK Ha CTe>KOK, nOTepIO npOlJ.HOCTH
HHTOK HAp. OepenJIeTeHHe HUTOK B HOpMaJIbHOM D:BYXHliTOlJ.HOM lJ.e.'l-
HOlJ.HOM CTe}\{Ke (PH-C. 42, a), C paCCMOTpeHliH KOToporo Mbl Ii HaLJa.'IU
H3)'LJeHlie llIBeilI-IblX MallIHH, npe.n:CTaBJISIeT C060lI BIi;I. BepeBOLJKli, B KO-
I 4 C P B H K 0 B <1>. 11. nYTH paLlIloHanbHoro BbI60pa '1e.1HO'lHOrO YCTpoi'lcTBa
«JIerKaH npoMbIllI.'1eIlHocTb», 1953, Nq 7 II 10.
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lllaJOlllHMCH qeJIHOKOM (22-A KJla-CCa) npll 06Bo.n:e BOKpyr lllny.lbKH
paCnOJ10}j{eHHe .BeTBfI Hefl36e}j{HO MeHHeTCH H HC5I neTJIH nOBOpaqI-lBa-
eTCH Ha 180 0 no lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKC, eCJIfi cMoTpeTb Ha peTJIlO CHU3Y
B qeJ1HO'-lHOM YCTpOHCTBe 26-ro KJlacca nCTJIH nOBOpa'-lJiBaeTCH Ha
180" npOTlIB qa-coBofl CTpeJIKH.
HanpaBJleHlie nepeMe1I1.eHHH :\>laTepliaJIa TaK}j{e OKa3blBaCT 60JIb-
llloe BJIHmme Ha xapaKTep nepen.leTeHli51 HliTOK. B 'CTa'-lliBal0lll.HX !\Ia-
lllliHax nepeMelll.CHlie MaTepliaJla, KaK npaBHJlo, liMeeT O.n:HO r JIaBHOe
HanpaBJIeHHe (MalllflHa 22-A KJIaCca) - 01' pa60TaJOlll.ero. 01' Ka}j{.n:ofl
cOBpeMeHHoH lllBeHHofl MalllnHbI Tpe6yeTcH, qT06bI o.Ha MOrJIa lllliTb Ii
npn 06paTHoM nepeMe1I1.eHHIi MaTepHaJIa, OHO He06xo.ll:IIMO, Hanpli-
Mep, .n:JIH 3aKpCnJIeHHH lllBa 3aKpenKOfi.
Bo MHorliX cneI1aJlbHbIX lllBefIHblx MalllHHax, HanpHMep neTe.'Ib-
HbIX, .n:JIH li3rOTOBJIeHHH neTeJIb no,!!. nyroBHIJ,bI, 3aKpeno'lHbIX - .n:J1H
H3rOTOBJIeHHH 3aKpenoK H .n:p., npo,!!.BH}j{eHHe MaTepliaJIa npoli3Bo.n:liTCH
B pa3HbIx HanpaB.leHliHx. J13MeHeHfle HanpaBJIeHIIH nepeMellleHflH Ma-
TepnaJIa Heli36e}j{Ho BJIeqeT 3a c060fl Ii li3MeHeHlie pacno.'lo}j{eHHH
I-IIi}j{HeH HliTKH no OTHOllleHlilO K lirJIe, qTO TaK}j{e OKa3bIBaeT BJ1HHHne
If Ha xapaKTcp nepenJIeTeHHH HliTOK B CTe}j{Ke.
lh06bI H3yqliTb BJIliHHHe OTMeqeHHbIX KOHCTpyKTHBHblX oc06eHHo-
cTeii qeJIHOKOB Ha Bn.n: nepen.leTeHHH HHTOK 'B CTe}j{Ke, pa'ccMoTpliM Ha
KOHKpeTHblx npliMepax npoeoc 06pa30BaHliH CTe}j{KOB B MalllliHax C
pa3J1HqHbIMI-I THnaMI-I qeJII-IOKOB. Opli 3TOM Hac 6y,!!.eT HHTepeCOBaTb
pacnOJIO>l(eHHe BeT-BeH neTJIIi BepXHeH HliTKIi 'B nepno.n: 3aXBaTa ee
HOCliKOM qeJIHOK3, paCIIlIipeHHH H 06Bo.n:a BOKpyr lllnYJIbKIi 'C HU}j{I1eH
HliTKOfl, pacnOJ10}j{eHue Ii Bn.n: CK06bl nepenJIeTeHliH BepXHeH HHTIU
npli 3aTHrliBaHHIi CTe}j{Ka. BHaqaJIe paCCMOTpHM BJIliHHfle KOHCTPYK-
THBHbIX Ii TeXHOJIOrHqeCKUX aKTopOB Ha BIi.n:bI nepenJIeTeHliH HliTOK
B CTe}j{Kax, BbInOJIHHeMblX MalllliHaMIi C KaqaJOlll.HMnCH qeJIHOKa;\,IH.
npHMep 1. PaCCMOTpliM BH.n: nepenJIeTeHnH HHTOK B CTe>l(Ke, BbI-
nOJIHHeMOM MalllflHOH 220-ro KJlac-ca npfl nepeMe1I1.eHIiIi MaTepHa.l0B
01' pa60TaI01I1.erO (no CTpeJIKe A pliC. 43) 4eJIHOK npli pa60qeM xo.n:e
nOBOpaqHBaeT,c5I no qaCOBOH -cTpe.1JKe, ero HOCflK no.n:xo.n:HT K Hr.le
cnpaBa (eCJIH 'CMOTpeTb co CTOpOHbl pa60TalOlllero Ha MalllliHe, pHC.
43, a)
DpH 3aXBaTe neTJIIi HOCliKOM qeJIHOKa KopoTKaH BeTBb K pacnoJIa
raeTCH C3a.n:H HrJJbl (pliC. 43, 6), a .n:JIHHHaH 11. - Bnepe.n:H. Opli 06-
Bo.n:e neTJIH BOKpyr lllnYJIbHOrO KOJInaqKa qeJIHOK TOJIbKO pacllllipHeT
neTJIIO, fI BeTBIi ee pacnOJIaralOT-CH TaK }j{e, KaK npH 3aXBaTe neT.lli
(pHC. 43, 8). Opli 3aTHrWBaHIili neTJIIi B CTe}j{Ke nOJIyqaeTCH nepBblff
BH.'I. nepenJICTeHliH HHTOK. CK06a nepenJleTeHliH pacnOJIaraeTCH B nJl0C-
KOCTIi, nepneH.n:HKYJJHpHOH K JIliHlHI CTPOqKIi, H 06BO.n:liT HIi}j{HIOlO HHTKY
no qaCOBOH CTpeJIKe (pHC. 43, e, 0)
B CJIe,!!.YlOllllix .n:BYx npHMepax, OTHOCHlll.liXCH K npoeccy BbInOJIHe-
HHH CTe}j{KOB C YKa3aHHblM qeJIHOKOM, paocMoTpliM, KaKoe BJIliHHHe
OKa3bIBaeT Ha BH.n: nepenJIeTeHli51 HHTOK HanpaBJIeHlie nepe:\lelll.emIH
MaTepliaJIOB.
npHMep 2. Oepen.1JeTeHHe HHTOK B CTe:>KKe, BbInOJIHHeMOI\l Tofl >Ke
MalllliHoii, HO npn 06paTHol\l HanpaBJIeHHIf nepeMelll.eHHH MaTepHa.la
76
(Ha pa60Talolllero, no CTpeJIKe E, pliC. 44) B 3TOM cJIyqae HHiKHH5I
HliTKa BbJXO.n:HT H3 lllnYJIbHOrO KOJIna'-lKa cHapY}j{1i qeJIHOKa, n03ToMY
B neplio.n 3aXBaTa HOCHKOM '-IeJIHOKa neTJIIi BepxHeH HHTKH KaK .n:JIHH-
HaH ee BCTBb 11., TaK fI KopoTKaH K pacno.'laraIOTcH C3allfl HH>I(Hei't
a)
0)
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PIfC. 43. nepenneTeHHc HHTOK B CTe>KKC '1enHOKOM MaWHHbl 220-ro
Knacca:
a-pacnonOiKeHue HOCIIK3 qenHOKa OTHOCIlTenbilO UrJlbl; 6. B, z. iJ-nepen.neTeHJle
JlHTOK npn npHMOM HanpaBJleHlI1I nepeMeI.J.{elilUI
HHTKH (0,1. pHC. 44, a) .QJ1HHHaH BeTBb nCTJ1H 11. pacnOJIaraeTCH Bne-
pe.n:JI HOCIIKa qeJIHOKa, KopoTKaH - 'C3a.n:JI. OpJl 06Bo.n:e BOKpyr lllnYJlb-
HOro KOJInaqKa KopoTKaH BeTBb neTJIH K npoxo.n:HT C3a.n:H qeJIHOKa,
.n:JIHHHaH 11. - ,cHapY}j{1i (pHC. 44, 6) Opli BblBo.n:e neTJIIi li3 qe.1Hoq-
HOro YCTpoflcTBa Ii ee 3aTHrli'BaHIiIi B CTe}j{Ke 06pa3yeTcH JIeBblfl Y3eJI
(pac. 44, 8), l' e. BTOpOH BliD: nepenJIeTeHliH.
5
a)
5
0)
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PHC. 44. nepcnneTeHHe HHTOK B Cre>KKe '1CnHOKOM M31l1HHbi 220-ro
Knacca npH 06paTlloM HanpaBneHHH nCpeMell.leHHH Marepllana
npHMep 3. PaccMoTpliM nepenJIeTeHI-!C HUTOK B CTe>l(Ke, BbInOJI-
HHeMOM MalllflHaMIi C qeJ1lIOKOM 220-ro KJIaCCa npH nepeMe1I1.eHliH Ma-
TepliaJIa B.n:OJIb nJIaTOpl\fbI MalllliHbI, T. e. BJIeBO liJIIi BnpaBO 01' pa-
60TalOlll.erO, B HanpaBJIeHlili, nepneH.n:liKYJIHpHOM K nJIOCKOCTH Bpa1I1.e-
77

HHH 4eJIHOKa. TaKoe HanpaB,,'IeHHe nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJla HMeeT
MeCTO B 31lr3ar-MaWHHaX, neTeJIbHblX H .n:pyrHx, a TaK>Ke npH BbIWH-
BaHlUI.
XapaKTep nepenJIeTeHHH HHTOK npH nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa
B,leBO OT pa60TalOIl1.ero 3aBHCHT OT pacnOJIO>KeHIiH KOpOTKOH BeTBH
neTJIH OTHOCHTeJIbHO HrJIbi. B TOM CJIY'lae, Kor.n:a KopOTKaH BeTBb neT-
.'111 K pacno.'laraeT'CH C3a.n:H OT lIrJIbl, KaK YKa3aHO Ha pHC. 45, a, B
CTe>KKe no.1Y'-IaeTCH OCHOHHOH BH.n: nepenJIeTeHlIH HHTOK, a eCJIH KOPOT-
KaH BeTBb Haxo.n:HTCH .cnepe.n:H OT HrJIbl, TO B nepenJIeTeHHH 06pa3yeTcH
pe.'l (pIlC. 45, 6). TIpH nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa BnpaBo OT pa60-
TIpH 06paTHoM HanpaBJIeHHIi nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa no CTpe,'lKe
B (puc. 46, B) nOJIY'laeTCH TpenIii BH.n: nepenJIeTeHHH HHTOK B CTe>h.Ke,
B KOTOpOM BepXHHH HHTKa nepen.leTaeTCH C 'HH>KHCH npOTHB '-Ia-COBO«
CTpeJ1KH.
npHMep 5, XapaKTepHoH oc06eHHocTbIO ceMeHHoII wBei1Hoi'I !liaWIt-
Hbl 2-M KJIaCCa HBJIHe'J'CH pacnOJIO>KeHHe HOCHKa 1 '-IeJIHOKa -CJIe'Ba OT
Hr.'lbl 2 (pHC. 47, a) B npoTHBOnOJIO>KHOCTb pacnOJIO>KeHHlO cnpaBa OT
Hr.'1bI B MaWMHax I-ro, 220-ro KJIaCCOB H MHorHX .n:pyrHx MaWHH C
:u;eHTpaJIbHO-wnYJIbHbIMH Ka'laIOIl1.HMH.c51 '-IeJIHOKaMH.
HanpaBJIeHHe Bpall1.eHHH '-IeJIHOKa MaWHHbI 2-M 'KJIaOCa npH pa60-
'leM xo.n:e - npoHIB 'laCOBOH 'CTpeJIKH. HHTKa B YWKO HrJIbI 3anpaB-
JIHeT.c51 cnpaBa OT pa60TalOll1.ero. Ha pHC. 47, 6 nOKa3aH BH.n: nepenJIe-
TeHIfSI HHTOK B CTe>K.KaX, nOJIY'-IaeMbIH npH npHMoM HanpaBJIeHHH ne-
peMell1.eHHH i\-IaTepHaJIa (no CTpeJIKe A). TIpH 3aXBaTe neTJIH HOCHKOM
'leJIHOKa H 06Bo.n:e ee BOKpyr wnYJIbKH KopOTKaSJ BeTBb neTJIH pacno-
JIaraeTCSJ ClIapY>KH, a .n:JIHHHaSJ - 'C3a.n:H 'leJIH{)Ka. TIpH BbIBo.n.e neT.TIH
, i
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HHTOK R CTe)KKaX onblTHoii
MaWHHbl I-ro Knacca npH
nepeMeU(etlHII MaTepHana:
a. 6-npSlMoM; B-06paTHoM
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PHC. 45. nepenneTeHHe HHTOK B CTe)KKe 'IenHOKOM MallollHbl 220-ro
KJlacca npH nepeMeU(eHHH MaTepHa.qa:
a-BneBO - KOpOTKaJl BeTBb neTnH C3a.o.H Hrnbl; 6-BneBO - KopOTKaSi BeTBb neT.1H
cnepe.o.lI urnb'; B-BnpaBO - HU>KHSlJI HIITKa C3a.o.u IIrnb': 2-BnpaBO - HII>KUSISI
HIITKB BnepeAII Ilrnbl
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TalOll1.ero Ha xapaKTep nepenJIeTeHHH HHTOK OKa3bIBaeT BJIHHHHe nOJIO-
>KeHHe 1UDKHeH 4e.-mO'lHOH HHTKH H OTHOCHTeJIbHO Hr JIbl. B TOM CJIY-
'lae, Kor.n:a HH>KHHSJ 'leJIHO'lHaH HHTKa npOXO)I,HT C3aD:H Hr JIbI (pHC. 45, B),
B CTe>KKe nOJIY'laeTCH OCHOBHOH BH.n: nepenJIeTeHHH HHTOK. Ho €('JIH
HH>K.HSJSJ HHTKa H BbIXOD:HT cnepe)I,H HrJIbI, TO B nepenJIeTeHHH onHTb
06pa3ye'f.CH Y3eJI (pac. 45, e).
TaKHM 06pa30M, 'leJIHOK MaWHHbl 220-ro (H I-ro) KJIaCca .n:aeT
npH BblWHBaHHH pa3JIH'-IHbIe nepenJleTeHHSJ: npH nepeMell1.eHHH faTe-
pna.la BJIeBO OT pa60TalOll1.erO - HOpMaJIbHOe nepenJIeTeHHe, npll 06-
paTHOM nepeMell1.eHHH - Y3JIbI II eJIO'lKY, B .n:pyrllx Hanp2lBJIeHlIHX -
IfJIli TO, HJIn .n:pyroe. TIpll 3TOM TepHlOTCSJ COOTBeTCTBYlOll1.He KpaCOTa
H Ka'leCrnO CTp04KII.
npHMep 4, B Ka'leCTBe 'leTBepToro npHMepa paCC!lIOTpHM BII.n: nepe-
nJleTeHHH IIlITOK B CTe>KKe, nOJIY4alOIl1.lIilcH npH npHMeHeHHH OnbITHOrO
4eJIH{)Ka I-ro (220-ro) KJIaCCa npH HanpaBJIe!-lHH nepeMellelIJ1H MaTe-
pIla.la OT pa60TalOIllero, T. e. no CTpeJIKe A (PH-c. 46, a, 6). OnbITHblH
tleJIHOK I1MeeT Bpall1.eHlIe npoTHB '-IacoBoil 'CTpeJIKH. <I>opMa HOCHKa
'leJIHOKa 1 H pa.cnOJIO>KeHlIe HrJlbl 2 nOKa3aHbl Ha pac. 46. a. TIpH
3aXBaTe neTJIH HOCHKOM 'leJIHOKa ee KopoTKaH BeTBb K pa.cnOJIaraeT,cSJ
C3a,'I,H, a .n:JIHHHaSJ CnepeD:H '-IeJIHOKa. TIocJIe pa,cwHpeHHH, 06Bo.'l:a neTJIH
BOKpyr wny.'lbKH C HH>KHeH HHTKOiI H BbIBo.n:a neT.'lH H3 'leJIHO'lIIOrO
YCTpoikTBa nOJIY4aeTcSJ '-IernepTblM BH.n: nepen.'leTeHHH HHTOI{ C npa-
BblM Y3JIOM (CM. pac. 46, 6), BepxHHH HHTKa B KOTOpOM nOBepHYTa
npoTHB 'laCOBOI1 eTpeJIKH (eCJIH -clOTpeTb CHH3Y).
78
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B CTe)KKaX MaWHHbl 2-M Knac_
ca:
a-pacnOJlO>KeIlHe HOCHKa enHOK3
OTHOCIlTenbHO IIrnb'; 6-nepe\lell!.CIIIIC
MaTepHana OT pa(jOTalOlI!.erO; B-ne-
peMell!.eHlle MaTepHana Ha pa60TalO-
JIJ:cro: l-UOCIIK 'IenHOKa: 2-Hrn:il
113 '-Ie.1H04Iloro YCTpOHCTBa OHa pa3BOpa'lHBaeTCSJ npOTHB 'laeoBoii
CTpe.1KH Ha 180 0 , .'I..TJIIHHaSJ BeT.Bb pacnOJIaraeTCH Bnepe.n:H HH>KHeil
HHTKII. TIpH 3aTSlrIIBaHHH CTe>KKa nOJIY'laeTCH nepBblH BH.'I: nepen.le-
TeHIHj HHTOK. TIpII o6paTHo:\1 HanpaBJIeHHH nepeMell1.eHHSJ MaTepHa.la
(no CTpeJIKe B, pne. 47, B) B npou.ecce 06Bo.n:a neTJIIl BOKpyr Ilmy.'lbKH
KopOTKaH BeTBb K pacno.laraeT'CH CHapY>KH 'leJIHOKa, .n:J1HHHaH-
C3a,J,H. npH T8KOM C04eTaHHH HanpaBJIeHHH 06Bo.n:a nCTJIH BOhpyr
lllny JIbKH II HanpaB.'leHHSJ nepeMell1.CHHH MaTepHaJIa npH 3aTSJrH'BaHIiH
79
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CTe>KKa nOJIYlIaeTCH TaK>Ke nepBblH BH.'!: nepenJICTeHHH IIHTOK. f1eT.1H
BepxHei'f HHTKH He pa3BopalIHBaeTCH.
f1epCnJIeTCHHe HHTOK B 'CTe>KKe, BbInOJIHCHHOM MaWHlIOH npH
.Qpyrux HanpaBJ1eIIH51X nepeMell1.eHHH 1\WTepUaJIa, nOKa3aHO Ha pHc.48,
a. 6, e, 2. TIpH nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa BJIenO OT pa60TalOl.lI.erO (no
CTpe.1Ke A, pHC. 48, a) B HanpaBJIeHHH, nepneH.n:HKYJIHpHOM K nJIOC-
KOCTH Bpall1.eHHH IIeJIHOKa, nepen.1eTeHHc HHTOK OCTaeTCH OCHOBHbIM.
TaKoe )Ke nepenJIeTeHHe nOJIYlIaeTcH B TOM 'CJIYlIae, Kor.n:a MaTepHaJI
nepeMell1.aeTCH nnpaBO OT pa60TalOIl1.erO (no 'CTpeJIKe E, pHC. 48, 6)
npH pacnOJIO>KeHHH HH>KHeH HHTKH H H KOpOTKOH BeTBH neTJIH K oa-
.n:H OT HrJIbI HJIH cnepe.n:H Hr"lbl (Ha pnCYHKe He nOKa3aHO)
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a-npH nepeMeeHHH MaTepHana oneoo OT pa6OTaJoero: 6-npH nepeMeeHHII MaTepHa-
na onpaoo, HH>KHSIH HHTKa H KopOTKaSi oeTOb neTnll C OIlHOn CTOpOHbl OT Hrnb'; B II z-
TO >KC. HO KopOTKaSi oeTob II HH>KHSISI HIITKa C pa3HblX CTOpOH OT IIrnbl
, i:
TIpH nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa BnpaBO no CTpeJIKe E H pacnOJIO>Ke-
HHH HH>KHeH HHTI<H H C3a.n:H, a KOPOT!<OH BeTBH K cnepe.n:H HrJIbI
(pHC. 48, e) B nepenJIeTeHHH HHTOK o6pa3yeTcH .n:BOHHOH Y3eJI, neTJIH
BepxHeii HHTKH B KOTOpOM .lI!Ba>K.n:bl nOBepHYTa npoTHB IIaCOBOH 'CTpeJI
KH. TIpH nepeMCll1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa BnpaBo II pa,cnOJIO>KeHHH HH>KHeH
HHTKH H CnepelJ:H, 3 KOpOTKOH BeTBH K C3a.n:H HrJIbl (PH-C. 48, 2) B ne-
penJIeTeHHH HHTOK 06pa3yeTcH JIeBblH Y3eJI (BTOpOH BH.n: nepenJIeTe-
HHH, KaK YKa3aHO Ha puc. 42, 6) TaKHM 06pa30M, B ceMeHHoH MaWH-
He 2-.\1. K.JIaCCa C03.n:aHbI YCJIOBHH nOIITH IJ:JIH Bcex B03MO>KHbIX HanpaB-
JIeImi'1 nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa .n:JIH nOJIYlIeHHH OCHOBHoro
nepen.1eTeHHH, lITO HMeeT oc060e 3HalIeHHe npH BbIWHBaHHH.
npHMep 6. B onblTHoH MaIIIHHe 2-M KJIaCCa nOCTaBJIeHO qeJIHOIIHOe
YCTpoiicTBO, aHaJIOmqHOe qeJIHOIIHoMY YCTpOi'ICTBY MaWHHbI KJIaCCa
2-M, HO HanpaBJIeHHe Bpall1.eHHH qeJIHOKa H3MeHeHO Ha 06paTHoe.
Pa.COIOTpHM, KaKoe nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK B CTe:iKKe nOJIYIIHTCH B
3TOM c.rIYlIae. <I>opMa HOCHKa IIeJIHOKa 1 H nO.10>KeIlHe KopoTKoro :iKe-
JI06Ka Hr.1bl 2 YKa3aHbl Ha pHC. 49, a.
f1pu nepeMell1.eHHH CWHBaeMoro :\wTepHaJIa. KaK OT pa60T31OIl1.erO
(no CTpeJIKe A, pHC. 49, 6), TaK H Ha pa6OTalOIl1.erO (no CTpe.'JKe E,
pIlC. 49, e) B CTe>KKe nOJIYlIaeTcH TpeTuii BH.n: nepenJIeTeHI1H HHTOK
(KaK Ha pac. 42, e)
npHMep 7. B .n:ByxHrOJIbHoi'1 i\laIlIJiHe 33-ro K.'laCCa TIM3. npe;J.-
Ha3HalIeHlloII ..'I..'lH CIIIHBaHH51 TO.TJCTbIX CJIOeB pe3HHbl, npHMeJIRIOTCH
KalIalOll1.IleCH '-Ie.1IlOKH C .'I..'lllIlHbL\1 HOC.HKO:\I. 113-3a Toro, lITO pac(:ToH-
80
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ROCHK JIeBOrO tleJIHOKa, TaK >Ke KaK H npaBoro IIeJI-HOKa, cnpaBa OT
HrJIbI. TI03TOMY npaBblii IIeJIHOK nO,lI.xo.n:HT K HrJIe cnpaBa, a JIeBblll-
c.leBa (pHC. 50) B pe3YJIbTaTe 3TOro B ne>KKaX npaBoH HrJIbl nO"lY-
tlaeTCH OCHOBHoe nepenJIeTeHHe HI1TOK, T e. B BH.n:e BepeBO'-lKH C nepe-
nJIeTeHHeM HHTOK no IIaCOBOH CTpeJIKe, a B 'CTe>KKaX JIeBOH HrJIbl -
TpeTHfI BH)I, nepen"leTeHHH, a HMeHHO: BH.n: BepeBOIIKH, HO C nepenJIeTe-
HHel\I HHTOK npOTIIB IIaCOBOH CTpeJIKH. Ha nepBblH B3rJIH,lI. MO>KeT no-
6
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onblTHoii MaWJIHbl 2-M Knacca npH nepeMeU.le-
HHH MaTepHana:
a, 6-npSl!0"; B-06paTHO\l
PHC. 50. nepenneTcHHe HHTOK
B CTe}KKaX ABYXilI"0.1bHOii Ma-
WHHbl 33-1'0 Knacca
Ka3aTbCH, lITO B 3TOM HeT HI1IIerO oc06eHHoro, HO, KaK YBH.n:HM .n:aJIee,
pa3Hoe nepCnJIeTeHHe HHTOK B CTe>KKaX Tpe6yeT .n:JIH 3TOH MaWIIHbI
npI1MeHeHHH HHTOK pa3HorO HanpaBJIeHI1H KPYTKH: .n:JIH npaBOH HrJIbl-
HIITOK KPYTKH Z, a .n:.'JH .TJeBOH - KPYTKH S.
PaCCM3TpHBaH YCJIOBHH 06pa30BaHHH HOpMaJIbHOrO nepen.1eTeHHH
IUIT0K B 'CTe>KKaX, BbInOJIHHeMblX KaqalOll1.HMIICH IIeJIHOKaMI1 nepBOH
rpynnbI, MO>KHO c.n:eJIaTb 'CJIe.n:YIOIl1.He BbIBO.'l.bI:
I) npIl 06Bo.n:e neTJIH BOKpyr wnY.lbKH no IIaCOBOH CTpeJIKe H npI1
nep eMe ll1. e HHU MaTepHaJIa OT pa6OTalOIl1.erO He06xo.n:HMO, '-ITo6bI KOPOT-
KaH BeTBb neTJIH pacnOJIaraJIaCb C3a.n:H wnYJIbKH, a ,lI.JIHHHaH BeTBb -
cncpe;w;
2) npu o6Bo.'!:e neTJ1H BOKpyr wnYJIbKH npoTHB IIaCOBOH Cl'pe.1KH
npH TQ;\f >Ke HanpaB.'JeHi-IH no.n:aqH MaTepHaJIa He06xo.n:HMO, '-IT06bl KO-
pOTKaH BCTBb neT.1I1 pacnoJIaraJIaCb cnepe.n:H wnYJIbKH, a ,lI.JIHHHaH -
C3a.n:H.
HanpaB.1eHue 06no.'l.a neTJ1H BOKpyr wny.TJbKH COBna.n:aeT ,C HanpaB-
JIeHHCM Bpall1.eHHH IIeJIHOKa, a pa.cnOJIO>KeHHe KOpOTKOIl BeTBH neT.'JH,
KaK U3BeCTHO, 3aBHCHT OT nOJIO>KeHHH HOCHKa IIeJIHOKa OTHOCHTe.'JbHO
nr JILL
YKa3aHllble YCJlOBHH He OTHOCHTCH K WBelIHOH MaWHHe C Bp a ll1.alO-
IlUIMCH qe.'JHOKOM, nOCKOJlbKY neTJlH npH 06Bo.n:e ee BOKpyr wny.'JbKH
nOBopalIllBaeTCH H3 180 0
81

003TOMY B.fJ.HHHl1e paHee YKa3alIHbIX <paKTOpOB H3 XapaKTep nepe-
nJIeTeHI1H HHTOK B CTe}KKaX, BbmOJIHHeMblX Bpalll.alOll1.l1MHCSI qe.'lHOKa-
MI1, He06xoJl.Iil\IO paCCMaTpHBaTb OT.n:eJIbHO.
npHMep 8. nepenJIeTeHl1e HHTOK B CTe>KKe, BbmOJIHHeMOM Mawu-
H3\Hi C npalll.aIOll1.I1MCSI '-Ie"lHOKOM 22-A KJIaCca, nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 51
4eJIHOK Bpalll.aeTCH npOTI1B '-IaCOBOH -CTpeJIKII; ero HOCI1K 1 (pHC. 51, a)
nO!I.XO.n:HT K Hr"le 2cnpaBa (eCJIH CMOTpeTb co CTOpOllbI pa60TalOIl1.erO
Ha MaWI1Ile) OpH npSIMoM HanpaBJIeHHH nepeelll.CHI1SI MaTCpHaJIa (no
cTpe.1Ke A, pHC. 51,6, 8, e) B nepHo.n. 3aXiBaTa neT.ll1 HOCllKOM '-IeJIHOKa

A
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8)
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2)
PHC. 51. nepenJleTeHHe HHTOK B CTe>KKaX MaWHHbl 22-A K;lacca npH nepe-
Mell.leHHH MaTepHana:
a. 6. 8, z-npSlMOM; o-06paTHOM; /-HOCItK 'IenHOKa; 2-JlT.:Ia; 3-3y(j wny.,enep>K3TenSi
I
f. ,I
I
[:1
I
(CM. pHC. 51, 6) KopOTKaH iBeTBb K pa,cnOJlaraeTCH c3a)I.H )I..lI1HHOii
BeTBH fl. OpH )I.aJIbHeHWeM 06BOJl.C nCTJIH 3v6 3 Ha nOSICKe wny.1C-
.n.ep>KaTeJ1SI HanpaBJIHeT .n:.fJ.HHIlYIO .BCTBb nCT.:1H K ero ;I.OHbIWKY, a KO-
pOTKaH BCTBb K pacnOJIaraeTCH CHapY>KH '-Ie.l,HOKa (CM. pl1c. 51, 8)
OCT.'lSI B npou.eoce 06Bo.n:a ce BOKpyr wnY.le.n:epiKaTe.'IH nOBOpa'-lHBa-
CTCSI Ha 180 0 no qaCOBOH .CTpCJIKe (ec.1H cMoTpeTb Ha lIce CHH3Y)
OOCJle BbIXO.'l:a 113 lJCJIHO'-lHOrO YCTpOHCT'la neT.1SI BepXHeH HHTKll nOBO-
pa'-lIIBaeTCH Ha 180 0 npoTHB qaCOBOlt cTpe.1KI1. HH>KHHH HI1TKa, Haxo:
.n:SIll1.aHCSI no.n: HaTH/KeIII1CM, <pHKcHpyeT cK06y nCpCnJICTCIIHSI BepxHcH
HHTKH B nepneH.n:HKYJISIpHOII nJIOCKOCTH K .11IHHII CTpO'-lKH. OpH nepe-
J\lCll1.eIUiH MaTepHaJIa OT pa60TalOIl1.erO (CM. pllC. 51. e) no.1Y'-laeTcH oc-
IlOBHolt BUJl. ncpcn.'lCTeHllSI HHTOK B CTe>KKC. Opl1 o6paTHo:\i HanpaBJIe-
HHH nepeMCIl1.CI-llIH MaTepua.'Ia (Ha pa60TalOllI. erO , no CTpCJIKe E, plIC.
51, a) B nCpenJIeTCHlIH BepXHeH IIUTKI1 .CTe>KKa nOJI)'lJaeTC5I .1CBbIii
Y3e.'l aaaJIOrHqlIO nepCnJIeTCIIHIO HI1TOK B CTCiKKax C '-IeJIIIOKOI\I M3WI1-
HbI 220-ro KJlacca.
Oepcn"lCTCHl1e HIITOK '-IeJIHOKOM MaWlIIIbI 22-1\ K.lacca npH pa3-
J1H'-IHOM nepeMell1.CHI1H l\IaTepIlaJIa nOKa3aHO Ha pIle. 52, a, 6, 8, C.
OpH nepeMeIlleHIIH MaTepl1aJIa Bnp8:BO OT pa60TalOIl1.CrO 60"lbwoe
BJlIISIHHe Ha xapaKTCp nepCn.'IeTeHlIH OKa3bIBaeT TaKiKe pacnOJ10>KeIIlIe
HIIiKIleii HHTKH OTIlOCHTeJIbHO I1r JIbl. B CJIvqae, eC.1H HJ1)KIISIH HlITK8 E
BbIXO.n:llT C3a.aH Hr JIbI, nepenJIeTeHHe nOJIY'-IaeTCSI Hopa.fJ.L>HbIM (01.
pHC. 52, a). ECJIH HJ1)KHSISI HHTKa E BbIXO.n:HT Bnepe,lI.H OT Hr"lbI, TO B
nepenJIeTeHHJi nOJI)'lJaeTCH Y3eJI (CM. pHC. 52, 6)
82
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1
Opll nepeMell1.eHHH :\1aTCpH3JIa BJIeBO OT pa6oTaIOlllero xapc\l<Tep
nepen"lCTeJ-:lI5I HI1TOK 3aBHCliT OT pacnOJIO>KeHII5I KOpOTKOi-'1 BCTBH neT-
.'lli OTIlOCUTeJIbHO HrJlbl. B TOM CJIy'-lae, Kor.n:a KopoTKaSI BeTBb K pac-
nOJlaraeTOI C3a.n:H Hr.lbl (CM. pHC. 52, 8), B nepenJIeTeHHI1 nOJIYlJaeTC5I
BOp:\W"lbHaSI CTpO'-lKa, eCJIH }Ke KOpOTKa51 BeTBb neTJIH K BbIXO.1HT
nnepe.n: I1 Hr.lbl, TO B nepcn.'ICTeHI1H HHTOK nO.TJY'-IaeTCSI Y3e.'l (c.
pHC. 52, 2)
PHC. 52. nepenJlereHlle HH-
TOK '1enHOKOM MaUlHHbl 22-A
KJlaCCa npH nepeMell.leHHl1 Ma-
TepHana.
a-onpaoo oT pa60T3IOU\ero:
HH>KHSIH HHTKB C3a,nn Hrnbl: 6-
TO >Ke. 110 HIUKHSiSJ HlITKa Bnepe-
JlII nrnbl; B-BJ1eBO OT pa(jOTalO.
mero: KopOTKaSi oeTob C3anll Hr-
nbl; e-TO >Ke. HO KopOTKaSi BeTBb
BnepeAIi nfa")b]
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npHMep 9, B OnbITHOli MalllHHe YCTaHOBJIell Bpall1. alO ll1.l1iicSI 'le.1IIOK
nma '-IeJIHOKa MaWIiHbI 22-A KJIaC-ca, HO C 06paTHblM HanpaB.leHHeM
BP a ll1.elIl1SI , T. e. no lJaCOBOll cTpe.'lKe. <I>opMa HOCHKa qeJIHOKa 1 H no-
.10iKeHl1e HrJIbl 2 nOKa3aHbl Ha pl1C. 53, a.
nOCKOJIbKY lJeJIHOK Bpall1.aeTC5I no '-IacoBoi'I CTpe.1Ke, TO neTJISI Bepx-
Hei'I HHTKH B 3TOM CJIYlJae npH 06BO)I.e BOKpyr lllnYJIe.n:ep>KaTeJISI nOBO-
palJHBaeTCSI Ha 180 0 npOTI1B qaCOBOll CTpeJIKH.
OpH np5lMOM HanpaB.fJ.eHI1H nepeMell1.elIl151 MaTepHaJIa (pl1c. 53,
Q. 6) B CTe>KKe nO.lyqaeTCH 'lJeTBepTblH BH)I. nepenJIeTeHH5I. OpH 06paT-
83

HOM HanpaBJIeHl1H nepeMellleHiUl MaTepl1aJIa (pHC. 53, B) B CTe,KKe no-
JIy'weTC5I TpeTl1i'I BI1.n: nepenJIeTeHiUl.
npHMep to. TIepenJIeTeHne HHTOK B CTe,KKe, BbmOmme!\IOM '-I('.'lHO-
KOM MalUHHbl 26-ro K,rJaCCa TIM3, VKa3aHO Ha pHC. 54. Ye.TJHOK Bpa-

Z
a)
b)
B)
PHe. 53. nepenneTeHHe HHTOK B CTe>KKaX OnblTlIOii MalllHHbl
22-A Knaeca npH nepeMell.leHHH MaTepHa.1a:
a. 6-npSlMoM: B-OOP3THOM
lllaeTCSI no 'IaCOBOH 'CTpeJIKe H no.n:xo.n:I1T K HrJIe CJIeBa. TIpH 3aXBaTe
neTJIH HOCHKOM 'IeJIHOKa KopoTKaSI BeTBb neTJIH K pacnOJIaraeTCSI
Bnepe)I.H OT I1rJIbl, a npH 06BO)I.e neTJIH BOKpyr wnYJIeJ1.epIKaTeJI5I '-IeJI-
HOK nOBOpa'-lHBaeT neTJIIO no 'IaCOBOH CTpeJIKe Ha 180 0 , 6JIaro;J.ap51
'IeMY 06eCne'II-fBaeTC5I OCHOBHOH BH.n: nepenJIeTeHI151 HHTOK B CTeIKKe,
A 5
n: 
(
a) 0) 6)
PHe. 54. nepenneTeHHe HHTOK B CTe>KKaX 'IenHOKOM MalllHHbl 26-ro
Knacca:
a. 6-nepeMew.eHlle M3Tepll3n3 OT p360T31Ow.ero; B-nepeMew.eHlle "3TepH3n3
H 3 p360T31Ow.ero
KaK npl1 nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa OT pa60TalOlllero (no CTpeJIKe A,
pHC. 54, a, 6), TaK H npH nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa Ha pa6OTalOIllero
(no CTpeJIKe E, pl1C. 54, B), T. e. aHaJIOrH'IHO nepeTIJIeTeHI1SIM HHTOK
B CTeIKKax, BbInOJIH5IeMblX MaIIIHHOH C 'IeJIHOKOM 2-M KJIaCca.
84
HOpMaJIbHOe nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK nOJIY'IaeTC5I H npH nepeMellleHHH
MaTepHaJIa BJIeBO OT pa60TalOlllero (pl1c. 55, B)
TIpH nepeMellleHl111 BnpaBO OT pa60TalOlllero (pac. 55, a, 6) xa-
paKTep nepenJIeTeHH5I HHTOK B CTeIKKe 6y.n:eT 3aBHceTb OT pa-cnOJIO-
IKeHHSI HHIKHeH HHTKH H KOpOTKOH BeTKH neTJIH OTHOCHTeJIbHO Hr.(IbL
?1R»J  :"'H))}f::
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PHe. 55. nepenneTeHJle HJlTOK 'IenHOKOM MaWHHbl 26-ro Knacea npi! nepeMell.leHHH
MaTepHana:
a-Bnp3BO, IIH>KHSISI HIITK3 Bnepe.ZJ.1I Hrnb', KOpOTK3S1 BeTBb C33.ZJ.1I HrJlb'; 6-Bnp3Bo. HH>KHSlII
IIHTK3 C33.ZJ.H HrJlb', KOpOTK3S1 BeTBb Bnepe.ZJ.H; B-BneBO OT p360T31Ow.ero
B TOM CJIY'Iae, KOr.n.a HHIKHSI5I HHTKa If KOpOTKa51 BeTBb neTJIIf npo-
XO.n:51T C3a.n:H IfJIH BnepeJ1.If I1rJIbl, nepenJIeTeHHe HI1TOK nOJIY'IaeTC5I
HOpMaJIbHbIM.
B TOM CJIY'Iae, KOr.n:a HIfIKHSI5I HHTKa E npOXo.n:IfT Bnepe)I.11 IfrJlbl,
a KopOTKaSI 'BeTBb neTJIH K C3a.n:H HrJIDI (CM. pHC. 55, a), B nepen.'leTe-
HHII nOJIY'IaeTCSI Y3eJI.
ECJII1 IKe HHIKH5ISI HHTKa E npOXOJ1.HT C3a.n:H II rJI bl , a KopoTKaSI BeTBb
neTJIH K npoxo.n:HT Bnepe.n:H I1rJIbI (CM. pHC. 55, 6), B nepenJIeTcHHH
nOJIY'laeT,CSI J1.BOHHOH peJI.
CpaBHHBa51 nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK '-IeJIHOKOM MaWHHbl 26-ro K.lacca
C nepenJIeTeHHel\!, nO,'lY'IaeMblM 'IeJIHOKOM MaIIIHlIbl 2-1\\ KJIaCCa, MO/!{-
HO c.n:eJIaTb ,BbIBO.n:, '-ITO Bce paHee YKa3aHHble cpaKTopbl nO'lTH o.n:HHa-
KOBO BJIH5IIOT Ha nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK B CTeIKKax, BbInOJIHSIeMblX 3TIHm
'IeJIHOKaMH.
85-

npliMep 11. lllBeHHaSI MaWI'lHa C Bpall1.alOll1.HMCSI '-IeJIHOKOi\1 BTOpofl
rpynnbl (HanplfMep, MaWHHbl 224-ro, 252-ro KJIaCCOB)
npH 3aXBaTe neTJIII KOpOTKaSI BeTBb paCnOJIaraeTCSI Bnepe!l.U OT
nrJIbI, a npn 06Bon:e - CHlBY IllnYJIe.n:ep}KaTe.'ISI. LlJIHIIHaSI HeTBb pac-
11O.laraeTCSI cBepxy (CM. puc. 41) u
XapaKTepHoH oc06eHHoCTbIO TaKoro qeJIHOqHOrO YCTpoHcTBa SIBJISI-
eTCSI nOJIY'-IeHl1e HOpNlaJIbHOrO nepenJIeTeHI1SI HlfTOK nO'-lTIf npl1 JII060M
HanpaB.1JeHHU nepeMell1.eHHSI MaTepHaJIa, T e. aHaJIOrlfqHO '-IeJI'HOKaM
M3111I1HbI 2-t\ If 26-ro K.'laCCOB nM3. KapTl-lHa 06pa30BaHI1SI 'CTe}KKa
a)
PHC. 56. nepenneTeHHe HHTOK 'IenHOKaMH AByxHronbHoH MaWHHbI 252-ro Knacca:
a-nepeMem eHl1e M8TepH8J18 OT p8(\oT8IOmero; 6-H8 p8(\oT8lOmero
,I
I
1,1
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26-ro K.lacca.
BpaI1l.elme lJeJI-
3THM qeJIHOKOM TaKa51 i-Ke, KaK IeJIHOKOM :\1alllHHbI
BeTBH BepXHeii HI1TKU pacnOJIaralOTCSI TOqHO TaK ,Ke;
HOKa TO/Ke no lJaCOBOIi CTpeJIKe.
B .n:ByxurOJIbHo1"t MaWHHe 252-ro KJIaCCa n.\\3 06a qeJIHOKa KaK
npaBblH, TaK H JIeBbIH o6eCneql1BalOT HOpMaJIbHOe nepen"leTeHue HIITOK
B CTe,KKe KaK npIl nepeMell1.eHlflI MaTepHaJIa OT pa60TalOIllero (puc.
56, a), TaK H npH nepeMeI..U,eHHH MaTepHaJla Ha pa60TalOLLl.erO (pHC.
56, 6). Pa3Hlfua 3aKJIIOlJaeTCSI B TOM, '-ITO KOpOTKI1H }KeJI060K K .1eBo1"1
IfrJIbI paCnOJIO/KeH C"leBa OT pa60TalOIllero, a npaBOH HrJIbl - cnpaBa.
TaKoe '-IeJIlWqHOe YCTPOHCTBO o.n:IIHaKoBo npHro.n:Ho H .n:JISI npanopy-
KaBHblx, H .n:.'ISI JIeBopYKaBHblX MaWHH.
npl1Mep 12, B onblTHoil l\IaWI-IHe YCTaHOBJIeH qeJIHOK nma lJe.1HOKa
Mallll1Hbl 252-ro K.la-oca, HO C 06paTHbIM HanpaB.1JeHIIeM Bpa l ueHI1SI,
T. e. npoTl1B qaCOBOH CTpe"lKH. TaKoH '-IeJIHOK C03n:aeT TpeTII1"1 BI1!l. nepe-
n.1CTemm HI1TOK B CTe}KKe KaK npIf nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa OT pa6o-
I!
86
TalOlllero (pl1c. 57, a), TaK H npH nepeMell1.eHHH MaTepHaJIa Ha pa60-
TalOlllero (pIIC. 57, 6).
HOpMaJIbHOe nepenJIeTeHI1e HHTOK .n:aeT TaK}Ke If Kaqalollll1l'kSI
KpyrJIblH qeJIHOK Tuna MalllHHbl 236-ro KJIa'CCa nM3 C BepTI1KaJIbHOH
OCblO BpallleHHSI, BpalllalOllll1HC5I (npH pa60qeM xo.n:e) npOTHB qacoBoii:
PHC. 57. nepenneTeHHe
HHTOK npH oopaTHoM "a-
npaBneHHH BpaU.leHHH 'iCJI-
"OKa MaWHJlbI 252-ro
Knacca:
a-nepeMemeHue M8Tep118J18
OT p8(\OT8IOmcro; 6-H8 P8-
(\OT8lOmero
a)
CTpeJIKIf. TIpaBHJIbHOe nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK 3J1.eCb 06eCneqUBaeTCSI
nOqTH npH JII060M HanpaBJIeHI1H nepeMelueHIIp. MaTepHaJIa, T. e. TaK
}Ke, KaK 11 qeJIHOKOM MalllHHbl 2-}\I\ KJIacca.
1-13 pallee H3o'1}KeHHOrO MO}KHO 'c.n:eJIaTb BbIBO.n:, lITO 'npl1 BbI60pe
qeJIHOqHOrO YCTpOH-CTBa CJIe.n:yeT yqHTbIBaTb Ii TaKl1e <l>aKTopbl, KaK Ha-
npa.BJIemle nepeMellleHI1SI MaTepHaJIa, BpaLLl.eHHe lJeJIHOKa H .n:p. 3TH
<l>aKTopbl onpeJI.eJIHIOT KaqeCTBO CTPOqKIi.
8. Bbl60p KPYTKU BepxHeu HUTKU
O.n:H?H H3 rJIaBHWX npHqHH nOTepH npOqHOCTH HHTKH npl1 pa60Te
Ha lllBeHHbIX MaWHHax 51BJISIeT'CSI pacKpYlJHBaHHe ee OT HenpaBH.'lb 1 WrO
Bbl60pa HanpaBJIeHJI5I KPYTKI1.
06bIqHO Y Hac HIfTKH Bbl6HpalOTCSI TOJIbKO no HOMepy (no TO,'l-
LLl.HHe). O':HaKO !3ec?la Ba}KHbll\l <l>aKTopoM, BJIHSIlOLLl.IlM KaK H8 pa-
60TY caMOH WBeHHOH MalllHHbI (Ha 06pbIBHOCTb BepXHefl HUTKIi), faK
H Ha KaqeCTBO (BHelllHHli BI1.n: H npOqHOCTb) CTPOqKH, SIB,,1HeT,C5I Ha-
npaBJIeHHe KPYTKI1 BepxHefl H!lTKH.
npaBI1.lbHOMY Bbl60py HanpaB.1JeHHSI KPYTKII BepXHefI HIITKH y Hac
eLLl.e MaJIO y.n:e.1JHIOT BHH:\.1a HI1SI. 06'bSICHSIeTCSI 3TO TeM, '-ITO Bonpoc
BbI60pa KPYTKI1 HHTKH He HMeeT )I.OJI}KHOrO OCBeLLl.eHHSI H!I B OTe11e-
CTBeHHOIi, Hlf B I1HOCTpap.Ho1"1 TeXHHlJeCKOH JIlfTepaType.
Hawa npOMbIWJIeHHOCTb H3rOTOBJISleT IllBeHHbIe HHTKH llleJIKOBble
II KanpoHoBbIe npaBO" KPYTKH Z, KaK YKa3aHO Ha pI1c. 58, a; X.lon4a-
TOYMaJ!Ulble - .1eBo1", KPYTKI1 S (KaK YKa3aHo Ha plfC. 58, 6) 11 npa-
BOU KPYTKIf Z.
87

EC.'1li npH.n:1i HHTKIi npa.BOM KPYTKH Z Bpall1.aTb npOTH'B '-IacoBoi!
CTpe.l.KH. TO OHU 3aKpYGIlBaIOTCH. LlJIH 3aKpYGHBaHHH npH.n:eM H'IiTKH
.1eBO!! RPYTKIi S HX He06xo.n:HMO Bpall1.aTb no GaCOBO!1 CTpe.TJKe.
B npou.ecce pa60TbI WBeMHOH MaWIfHbl pa60'-lHM YGaCTOK BepXHeiI
HHTKIi, l' e. YGaCTOK ABCD 01' CWIlBaeMoro :\1aTeplia.la Ii .n:o peryJISI-
Topa HanDKeHIiH HHTKH (pH'C, 59),
pacKpY1IHBaeTcH Ii.'IH 3aKpY'-IIiBaeTcH.
KaK nOKa3bIBaIOT onblTbl, pacKpYGeH-
HaH HHTKa Ha pa60GeM YGaCTKe 60JIb-
me TepHeT CBOIO npOQHOCTb, H3-3a G(,-
ro YBeJIlf'-lHBael1CH ee 06pbIBHOCTb.
HanpaBJIelme 'KpYTKH HHTKH HY>K-
HO Bbl6HpaTb TaKoe, GT06bI B npou.ec-
ce pa60Tbi MalllHHbI pa60GHfl YGaCTOK
BepxHeM HHTKH He paCKpYGHBaJICH.
113MeHeHlie CTeneHH KPYTKIi HIiT-
KH npOHcxo.n:HT B npou.ecce 06pa30-
BaHHH CTe,KKa.
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KOTOpOM xapaKTepH3yeT BH.n: nepenJIeTeIlHH HHTOK. KaK OTMeGaJIOCb
paHee, H'IDKlHlH HlfTKa B npou.ecce BbmOJIHeHIiH CTe,KKa 6bl'BaeT HaTH-
HYTa H paCnoJlaraeTCH B.n:OJlb JIHHHH CTpOGKH, H n03TOMY OHa .c caMO-
ro IIaGaJIa 3aTHrHBaHUH CTe>KKa <l>IiIKlfpyeT cR06y nepenJIeTeHIiH B
n.ilOCKOCTII, nepneHJ1.HKY.'IHpHOM K HanpaBJIeHli10 .CTpOGKH. TaKoe pac-
nO.10>KeHUe 'cK06bI nepenJIeTeHHH C03.n:aeT BHTKH HaMOTKH BepXHell
I1HTKH OTHOCHTCJIbiHO HHiKHeM. n03TOMY rrpe>K.lI.e '-IeM paCCMaTpHBaTb
II3!\IeHeHlie KpYTKH HHTKH B npou.ecce BbmOJ1HeHfm CTe>KKa, paOCMOT-
Pli\i, KaK OHa 1i3MeHHeTCH B npou.ecce BbInOJIHeHHH HaMOTKH Ha Ht>-
n'o.n:BIliKHbIH CTepiKeHb.
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HHTKe.
LlJIH HarJIH.n:Horo paCCMOTpeHUH H3MeHeHliH KpYTKH HHTKH npH
HaMOTKe Ha pHC. 61, a nOKa3a-H oTpe30K HHTKH, 3a>KaTOll Ha KOHu.ax
A Ii D. 'C HaHeceHHoii Ha HeM 06pa3YlOllleI1. a. npH HaMOTKe HHTKIi Ha
HenOD.BH>KHblll CTep>KeHb 1 no Ga-
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rrpoTHB '-Ia'COBOll 'CTpeJIKH Z (pac. :
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BB 3a>KaTb Ha KOHu.ax, CTep>KeHb
BbIHYTb, a 3aTeM HIiTKY BbmpH-
MIiTb, TO Ha YGaCTKe BB BHTOK H3- PHC. 60. PacnOnO>KellHe Bepxlleii HHT-
MOTKIi nepell.n:eT B BIiTOK .n:OnOJIHIi- KH B CTe1KKe
TeJIbHOll KPYTKH co 3HaKOM S
(pHC. 61, B)
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Ha HenO.lI.BH>K'HbIM CTep>KeHb O.n:Horo
BHTKa B HeM C03.lI.aeTCH nOTeHu.Ii-
aJIbHblI1 .BIiTOK KPYTKH Toro >Ke
3HaKa, a Ha CB060.n:HOM YGaCTKe
HHTKH B03HHKaeT O)l,HH BHTOK KpYT-
KH CO 3HaKOM, 06paTHblM HanpaB-
JIeHHIO HaMOTKIi. B u.eJIOM KOJIHGe-
CTBO BHTKOB KPYTKH Ha OTpe3Ke He
H3MeHHeTCH.
AHaJIOrliGHOe HB.leHHe npOHC-
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pHTb HX.
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C OCHOBHblM BH)l,OM nepen.leTeHHH (pHC, 62, a), a 3aTeM cK06y BbmpH-
MHTb, TO BepXHHH HHTKa CTe>KKa B 30He ABC npH 3TOM 060raTHTCH Ila
nOJIOBHHY BHTKa KPYTKH S (pHC. 62, 6), l' e. Ha BeJIHGIiHY 11:8.
npH BbmpHMJIeHHH CK06bl nepenJIeTeHIiH BepXHeM HHTKH CTe/KKa CO
BTOpblM BIi.n:OM nepenJIeTeHHH (pHC. 63, a, 6) B Hell C03.n:aeTCH nOGTH
nOJIHbIM BHTOK KPYTKIi npOTHB GaCOBOM CTpeJIKH. TaKHM 06pa30M, npli
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B npouecce pa60Tbl lllBellHoH MaIllI1Hbl O-:;I1H KOHell. BepXHeH HHTKH
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Haxo.n:51llleHC51 Ha pa60qeM yqaCTKe, He H3MeH51eTC51. KOJIHqeCTBO BHT-
KOB KpYTKH Ha pa60qeM yqaCTKe
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np51MOMY yqaCTKY CTe>KKa He06xo.n:HMO C006111HTb KpY'IeHHe. B cK06e
nepenJIeTeHH51 C03..'1.alOl'C51 BHTKH HaMOTKH. KpyqeHl1e np51MorO Y'-Ia-
CTKa CTe>KKa H BbIIIOJIHeHHe BHTKOB HaMOTKH B cK06e nepenJIeTeHH51
BbI3bIBalOT B npouecce lllHTb51 COOTBeTCl'BYlOlllHe H3MeHeHH51 KPYTKH
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l-byqeHHe 51BJIemlH 113l\1eHeHH51 KPYTKI1 HHTKH HaqHeM C aHaJIII38
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l-bMeHeHHe KPYTKH 3aBHCHT OT HanpaBJIeHH51 3anpaBKH HHTKH B YlllKO
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Ka OTHOCIITeJIbHO KopOTKoro >KeJI06Ka Hr JIbI H BCJIe.n:CTBHe 3TOro Ha-
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B HII>KHee; 06pa3YlOllla51 a, HaHeceHHa51 Ha HUTKY, nOKa3bIBaeT ,la-
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rmOllleH 30Hbl) nO.1yqaeT KpY'IeHHe npOTlIB 'IaCOBOIl CTpe.1KII !ia )TOJI
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npn BbInOJIHeHHH CTe/KKOB co BTOpblM BHJ1.0M nepenJleTeHHSI (HanpH-
Mep, Ha MaIIIHHe 22-A KJI2'CCa npH 06paTHoM HanpaBJIeHHH nepeMe-
llleHH5I MaTepHaJIa) KpY'leHHe pa60'lero Y'laCTKa 'COCTaBHT 7/6'[(8'
XapaKTep H3MeHeHHSI KPYTKH HHTKH Ha pa60IJeM YlJaCTKe. BbIIIIe
6bI.l0 YKa3aHO, 'lTO npn BbInOJIHeHHn KaJ!<.n:oro CTe/KKa H3MeHSIeTC5I KO-
JIH'leCTBO BHTKOB KpYTKn Ha pa60'leM YlJaCTKe. O'leBHJI:Ho, 3TO H3MeHe-
HHe 6y.u.eT npoHcKo.n:nTb .11.0 onpe.u.eJIeHHOrO npe.u.eJIa, TaK KaK nOCJIe
BbInOJIHemm Ka/K..'I.OrO CTe/KKa B3aMeH H3pacxo.n:oBaHHOH HHTKH Ha
CTeiKOK nOCTynaeT TaKoe J!<e KOJIH'leCTBO C KaTYiliKH. nOCTynalOIllaSI
HnTKa HMeeT nepBOHa'laJIbHYIO KPYTKY.
I13MeHeHHe y.u.e.'lbHOH KpYTKH qn 'HHTKn Ha pa60'leM Y'laCTKe npo-
JlCXO.n:HT no 3aBI1'CHMOCTH
qn=qo:t 4- [l-(l->-)n],
r.n:e qo - nepBOHa'laJIbHaSI y.n:eJIbHaSI KpYTKa HnTKH BHTKOB Ha 1 M;
f - lJHCJIO BHTKOB, Ha KOTopoe H3MeHSIeTCSI pa60'lHi-i Y'-IaCTOK nOCJIe
BbIno.1HeI-Il1SI o.n:Horo 'CTeJ!<Ka; 1- .u.JInHa HHTKH, pacxo.n:yeMaSI Ha CTe-
/KOK; 'J.= 1/ L; n - 'lnc,'lO CTe/KKOB; L - .u.JJlma pa60'lero Y'-IaCTKa H'1T!<H.
npe.n:eJIbHOe 3Ha'leHHe y.u.eJIbHOH KpYTKn Ha pa60'leM Y'laCTKe co-
CTaBJ1SIeT
k
11m qn= qo:t-.
n.....oo I
npH HaH60JIee pacnpoCTpaHeHHblx BeJIH'-IHHaX 1=2,5--;-3,0 MM, L=
=300 MM, nOCJIe BbITI0.1HeHHSI 250 CTe/KKOB 3HalJeHne qn COCTaB.'ISIeT
96% npe..'I.eJIbHOrO, a nOCJle BbInO"lHeHHSI 300 CTe/KKOB 97,5%, T e.
npaKTR'-IeCKH MO/KHO C'lJlTaTb, 'lTO YCTa'HOBHBilleecSI COCTOSIHHe KPYTKH
Ha pa60lJeM Y'laCTI<e HaCTynaeT nOCJIe BbInOJIHeHHSI 250-300 CTe/KKOB.
I13MeHeHne 'lHCJIa BHTKOB Ha pa60'leM YlJaCTKe -cOCTaBJISIeT
+k.
- I
HanpnMep, B YC.l0BHSIX BToporo H.n:eaJIbHOrO UHKJIa (k= _  )
npH 1=3 MM; L=300 MM H3MeHeHIIe KpYTKH Ha pa60'leM Y'-IaCTKe co-
CTaBHT 92 BnTKa. npn qo=BOO BnTKOB Ha 1 M y.u.eJIbHaSI KpYTKa Ha
95

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J
pa60'IeM Y'-IaCTKe YMeHbWHTCH H3 38%, a B C.l0BItHX Ill?pnOlO HJ.l'-
a.'lb'Horo IJ.HKJIa (k= 1/12) Ha 3,5%
113MeHelllie y.n:eJlbHOH KpYTKJi HJiTKH B CTpO'IKe (qn') C Y'IeTOM nu-
TeHIJ.HaJIbHbIX BJiTKOB npoJiCxo.n:HT no CJIen:Ylowei'I 3aBHCHMOCTH:
q=qo -I. -1- (1 A)n-l
(eeml Ha pa60'IeM Y'Ia-cTKe +k, TO B CTpO'-lKe -k) B npe..'leJle Y.J.CJIb-
HaH KpYTKa HHTKH B CTpO'IKe CTpeMJi1'CH K nepBOHa'IaJIbHOMY 3Ha'Ie-
milO, KOTopoe JiMeeT HHTKa Ha KaTYWKe, T e.
lirn q =qo.
n-+oo
.LI.JIH coxpaHeHHH 6aJIa'Hca BIiTKOB KPYTKJi MbI BbIHY>K.n:eHbl 6blJlH B
CTeiKKe BJiTKIi HaMOTKH Y'IIiTbIBaTb KaK BHTKIi KPYTKH. cI>aKTJi'IeCKH B
BHTKe HaMOTKH .n:onOJlHJiTeJIbHOH KPYTKJi HeT (CM. pHC. 63 H 64), OHa
B03HHKaeT JIHWb npH BbmpHMJIeHHH BIiTKa. CJIe.'I.OBaTeJIbHO, <l>aKTIi4e-
CKH yn:eJIbHaH KpYTKa B CTpO'IKe B npe.n:eJle 6y.n:eT paBHa
1 ., '/'c
lrnqn4JaKT=qo:t -.
n-+oo 1
3HaK 3aBHCIiT OT BH.n:a nepenJleTeHHH HIiTOK B CTe>KKe Ii HanpaB-
.1eHIiH KPYTKIi HHTKJL .LI.JIH nepBoro BHJI.a nepenJIeTeHIiH npH npIIMeHe-
HHIi HHTKIi KpyTKIi S 3HaK (-), npIi KpYTKe Z - 3HaK (+). .LI.JIH
BToporo BIin:a nepenJIeTeHHH 3HaKH 06paTHbIe.
BJlHRHHe KOHCTPYKHH pa60'IHX HHcTpYMeHToB H TeXHOJIOrH'IeCKHX
4JaKTOpOB Ha H3MeHeHHe KPYTKH HHTKH, np3KTli'-leCKH pe3)'.lbTaTbI
nepBoro Ii.n:eaJIbHOrO IJ.HKJla, K KOTOpblM CJIe.n.yeT CTpeMIiTbcH, '-IT06bl
IiMeTb MHHHMaJIbHbIe H3MeHeHI-IH KpYTKIi HHTOK H3 pa60'IeM Y'IaCTKe,
nOJlY'IaIOTCH JIHWb npH onpe.n:eJIeHHWX TeXHOOrIi'IeCKHX YCJJOBHHX,
T e. npH npHMeHeHIiIi HHTOK cooTBeTcTB)'IOLLl.ero HanpaBJIelllHl KPYTKIi.
PaccMoTpeB H.n:eaJlbHble IJ.HKJIbl, Mbl He Y'IHTbl'BaJlIi, 'ITO HHTKa CBIiTa
Ii3 HeCKOJIbKHX np, HJI.ei'I BCJIe.n:CTBIie 'Iero npIl conpIiKOCHOBeHIIJI ee c
Iir JlOH npOH-Cxo.n:HT CLliBIir BHTKOB KpYTKH. EC.'1H 3TOT c.n:BIir 3a<l>HKCIipO-
BaTb B CTe)KKe, TO npOH30li.n:eT H3MeHeHIIe KPYTKH Ha pa60'Ie:\1 Y'Ia-
CTKe. O.n:'HJIM Ii3 OCHOBlIbIX <l>aKTopoB, BbI3bIBalOLLl.IiX c.n:BHr BHTKOB
KPYTKIi, HBJIHeT,CH .n:eIICTBIie HrJIbI Ha HHTKY.
.LI. e H C T BIle H r JI bI. npIi nepeMeweHIiH HIITKII 'Ipe3 YWKO Hr flbI
OHa pacnOJlaraeTCH no BJlHTOBoii JIHHHJI OKOJlO CTOHKJI E )'WKa, Heno'-
pe.n:CT,BeHHO conpIIKacaeTCH C OCTpOH rpaHblO C KopOTKoro >Ke.'l06Ka
Hr.'lbl, C BepXHeH KpOMKOH B (puc. 66), n03ToMY npH nepeMeLLl.eHHH
YWK3 HrJlbl K cWH,BaeMoMY MaTepIiaJIY H3MeHeHIie Kp)'TKJI Ha6eral0-
LLl.ell 30Hbl HIiTKIi npoJlCxo.n:JlT BCJle.n:CTBJle KpY'IeHIiH HHTKIf, nepeMe-
LLl.aJoLLl.eHCH no BIiHTOBOH .1IiHIIli c.n:BHra BIiTKOB KPYTKH OT .n:eIICTBJlH
oCTpoii rpaHJI KopoTKoro )KeJl06Ka HrJIbl, a TaK>Ke c.n:BHra BIiTKOB KpyT-
KH OT COnpJi'KOCllOBeHHH C iBepxHeii KpOMKOll YWKa HrJlbI.
COBMecTHoe .n:eHcTBHe 3TIiX <l>aKTopoB MO>KeT BbI3bIBaTb KaK 3a-
KPY'IHBaJUle, TaK Ii pa-CKpY'IHBaHHe Ha6eralOLLl.eH 30HbI HHTKH. KPOM(,
Toro, KaK nOKa3aJIIi 3cnepHMeHTbl, c.n:BIir BIiTKOB KPYTKH, oCYLLl.eCT-
96
B.l 51 e:\1 bl ii Ifr.loH, 3aBIlCIiT OT yrJIa IIaK.lOlla a IlIiTKIi OTllOCJlTe.'1bHO Hr-
.1LI. OT HanIJKeHliH P (pHC. 67) Ji Hanr:m:!CHHSI KPYTI<H IlIiTlm.
TaK, HanpHMcp, npH nepCl\lell.lemm :1!IT1<H 'Iepe3 YWKO IIrlbl 01'
J..1HHbl 1 1 =90 :\IM ]],0/ 2 =40 MM npil pa3JIII l lIlblX yr.'1ax \.!aKJIOHa a K OCIi
I
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PIIC. 66. Pacno.1IIil<CHHe HHT-
KH B YWKC Hrnbl
PIIC. 67. Cxc!'oIa nejJeMell.leHHH
HHTKH '1Cp!'3 YIUKO Hr.lb1
Hr.lbl (pHC. 67) KO.'1J1'IeCTBO BHTKOB KpY'IeHHH Y'IaCTKa KOHe'IHOII .n:.1li-
Hbl 1 2 pa3.1H'IHO.
.. Ha pHC. 68 nOKa3aH rpa<l>JiK, Ha KOTOpOM no OCIi a,6cuIIcC o TiI.)-
iKelIbl ) rJlbl a HaK.lOHa HIiTKJi K OCIf JirJIbI '! no OCH op.n:JiHaT KO.'llflJe-
n 6umKoD
PHC. 68. rpaljJHK CllBHra
BHTKOB KPYTKH, oCYII.IC-
CTBnHeMoru Hrnoii
CTBO 060pOTOB .rr.Ono.1HHTeJIbHOrO KpV'IeHIiH Y'IaCTKa 12, npJi pa3.Tlll'IHOii
HarpY3Ke. nOJIO>KJiTeJlbHOe 3Ha'IeHHe 'COOTBeTCTByeT 3aKpY'IIIBaJIHIO
HHTKIf, oTpmtaTe.lbHOe - paCKpY'IHBaHIIIO.
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113 rpa4JHKa BH.lI.HO, 'ITO npH MaJ1bIX J. . 'TKH S TaK
I 0 + 10° n p OHCXO.n:HT 3aKpyqHBaHHe HHTOK KaK KP} ,
- .n:0 HaH60J1blllee BJ1HHHHe Ha H3MeIlC-
H Z. B 3TO!I/J CJ1Y'-Iae, nO-BH.n:HMoMlTBHe BepXHeM KpOMKH YllIKa HrJ1bl.
,me KPYTKH 'HHTKH OKa3bIBaeT .n:e K 'TKH S (KaK Ha MamlIHe 22-A,
DpH n0J10lKHTe ) J1bHbI yr3JIap:q==::":H.P)KpY'leHlle .n:OCTHraeT MaK'CH-
97-ro KJ1aCCOB pe3 0 -30500 n H KOTOpbIX OCTpaH rpaHb KO-
Ma.lbHoro 3HaqeHHH npH (1- 'eT C Ba.n:mIOH MClK.n:y npH;.I.H}!I1 (CM.
pOTKoro >heJ106Ka HrJIbI COBna.n:a 69 6 ) B TO >Ke BpeMH HHTKa
pHC. ,
KPYTKH Z npH n0J10>KHTeJ1bHbIX yr-
J1ax a> 10° nOJ1)''1aeT He60J1blllOe
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t>He 69. CABKr BHTKOB XpyT1<H HKTK\!
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PHe. 70. HaHeceHHe 06pa3YlOlI1eii Ha
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BC'JelCTBHe ..'ldicTBHH Hr JIhI npH HCKOTOpblX YC:IOBHHX B nepHO..'l
ne . eMei1HH ee OT BepxHero nO.lOiKeH!l K cllIIiBaCMO!\fY ,aTeIHla,r]J
npHCXO.1HT 3Ha4HTeJ1bHbll ' C.n:BIIr BllTKOB KPYTKH Ila npHOIl yacToK
TeiKKa B pe3VlbTaTe l[ero C03.n:aIOTCH YC.'10BHH nepBoro _i.lll R lOporo
..'leJ1b;lOro UliKna. HanpH:\lep, npH 3anpaBKe IIHTKH I{PYTIi  C.leBa
(KaK nplI nepBoM H.n:eaJ1bHOM UHK,le) n laKTl-[tlecK:1 npHMolI  4aCT?
TelKKa nO.'lV4aeT KpY4eHHe no qaCOBOIl CTpe.'1Ke (pHC. 69, 6), T. e. cO
c. n p u K p vTKe Z C !1Bllra
3..'lalOl1CH YC.'JOBHH BToporo H.'lca.'lbHOrO ltHK.la, a . '_
BJlTKOB nO'-lTH ,He npOHcxo.n:HT H C03J.310TCH YC:lOBH? nepBoro H1J.eaJ1b
I!oro UHK.la. I1pli 3anpaBKC IlHTKH KPYTKII S cnpaBa (KaK npH BTOpO!I/J
H..'leaJ1b!IOM UIIKJ1e) 'CiI.BHra BHT)<OB n04Tlf Ile npOlI-CXO..'lHT Ii C,03.n:aI0C:
C.10BHH BToporo :1;.I.eaJ1bHOrO UHK.l.. O.1HClKO B 3TOM CJ1\4ae p {
p\"TKe Z npoIIcxoAHT 3Ha'-lUTeJ1bHbIII CABHr BlHKOB n npHr.OH Y'-ITOI
CTe>KKa nO.lV4aeT KpY4f'HIie (pnc. 69. a) npoTHB '1aCOBOH CTpe.IKlI,
T. e. c03J.aloTcH YC.l0BHH ncpBoro HAea.'JbHOrO UlIK.'Ia.
98
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TaKlIM 06pa30M, B 060HX CJ1Y43HX, l' e. npH 3anpaBKe HHTKH B ym-
KO lIrJIbI KaK cnpaRa TaK If CJ1ena npH nplIMeHeHHH HHTOK KPYTKH Z.
npHMoI' Y'laCTOl{ CTelKKa nOJlyqaeT KpY4eHHe npOTHB '-IaCOBOH CTpeJ1-
KH, H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, C03.n:,HOTCH YCJIOBHH nepBOro H.n:eaJIbHOrO UHKJ1a.
IIpH I1CnOJIb30BaHHH HHTOK KPYTKH S npHMoH )f'IaCTOK 'CTelKKa nOJIY-
'-IaeT KpyqeHHe no qaCOBOlf CTpe.1Ke, H C03.n:aIOTCH YCJIOBIIH BToporo
H.n:eaJ1bHOrO UHKJ1a, npH KOTOpO:vJ npOHcxo.n:HT 3HaqHTeJ1bHOe H3MeHeriHe
KPYTKH HHTKH.
3KcnepHMeHTaJ1bHbIMH HCCJIe.n:OBaHHHMH cpe30B CTp04eK. Ha Bepx-
Hell IlHTKe B B KOTOpbIX TJCpe.n: IIIHTbeM 6bIJIa H3'HeCeHa 06pa3YIOlliJSJ
(KaK nOKa3ano Ha pHC. 70), nOJJ.TBep>K.n:eHO, '11'0 npH npHMeHeHHH HB-
TOK KPYTKH S C03.n:aIOTCH YCJ10BI1H BToporo H.n:eaJ1bHOrO UHKJ1a, H 06-
pa3YlOl1..laH pacnOJ1araeTCH TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 65. I1pH KPYTK;:;
Z C03.n:aIOTCH YCJ10BHH nepBoro H.n:eaJ1bHoro UHKJIa, H 06pa3Y IO l1..l 2 5' HI:
HHTKe pacno.naraeTCH TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 64.
LI. e II C l' B H e 4 e J1 H 0 K a. B npouecce 4>opMHpoBaHHfl CTejf{Ka
KOHCTPYKUHH '-IeJ1HOKa OKa3bIBaeT BJ1l1HHHe Ha n0J10>KeHHe cKo6bI nepe-
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BH.n:a nepenJ1eTeHHH IIIITOK B CTC>KKe.
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B.lI1H!IHH HD 1I3i\ICHeHHe KPYTKH HHTKH B CTe>KKe, a CJ1e.n:OBaTe.'IbHO, H
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.n.al!H BCpXIIel[ IIHTKH 3ClBHCHT ee HaTH>KeHlIe B nepHO.3, nepeMeJ.UeHlJH
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..'I.eHCTRHH IIrJ1bI Ha C!lEHr BIfTKOR KPYTKH.
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MalUHHax C mapHHpOM IIJ111 ){YJ1IiCHbIM HHTenpHTHnfBaTeJ1ef. Ilo:noMY
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'-Iepe3 HmKHIOIO napy wecTepeH - Ba,1Y 4e.1HOKa H '-Ie,lHoKY
npH BpallleHHII rJIaBHOrO Ba.1a no '-IaCOBOII 'CTpeJIKe (ec.1H cMoTpeTb
C £ppoHTa :vralllH'Hbl) II pacnOJIO>KeHHII KOHlI4ecKoII lllecrepHII 2 CJIeBa
OT BepTHKaJIbHoro BaJIa qeJIHOK nOJIyqaeT BpallleHHe npOTlIB 4acoBoII
CTpeJIKH.
PerYJIHpOBKa MexaHH3Ma. B MexaHlI3:\le pery.'1lIpyeTcH nO.'10>KeHlIe
qe,lHOKa OTHOCIITe,1bHO nrJIbI. 3a30p Me>K.n:y Ifr.10ll H HOCIIKO:\1 4eJIHOKa
B oceBOM HanpaBJIeHHH pery.1HpyeTcH nepeMellleHHeM 4e.1HOKa BJI.OJIb
BaJ1a B TY IIJIH .n:pyrylO CTOpOH)' 3TOT 3a30p !\1Q}KeT 6bITb B npe.n:eJIax
0,05-0,1 MM. llJIH perY.1HpO'BaHHH He06xo.n:HMO OCJIa6UTb BIIHT 15,
oCB060JI.HB TeM CaMbL\! nepeJ1.HIOIO BTYJIKY BaJIa qeJIHOKa, 3aTe:\\ oC.'1a-
6HTb TPH 'BHHTa 16, KOTOpbIMH 4eJIHO'K KpenHTCH Ha BaJIY, H, nepeMe-
CTHB nepe.ll:HlO1O BTYJIKY (B.neBo, ec.nH 3a30p Me>K.n:y MrJIOH II HOCHKOM
4e.nHOKa BeJIHK, Hml BnpaBo, eCJIH HOCHK 'IeJIHOKa 3aJI.eBaeT 3a HrJIY) ,
BHHTbI 15 H 16 He06xoJI.HMO 3aKpenHTb.
104

=
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-+- c- J "-
;;..
II hIli BpamalOTCH no '-IaCOBOII CTpeJ1Ke. u'HJ1HH.n:pWleCKMC -cnHpaJ1bHblC
llleCTcpHH ncpe.n:aIOT .n:BYM '-IeJ1HOKaM BpameHMe no 'IacoBoii CTpCJ1Ke C
nepe.n:aTO'-lHb!M OTHOllleHHe:\1 i= 1 : 2. fHoKaH nepe.n:alJa 06eCnC'-IHBaeT
6ecwYMHoCTb xo.n:a.
Kopnyca lJCJ1HOlJHbIX YCTpollcTB MorYT nepeMell.laTbCH n.!l.OJ1b CJl
n.rIanpOpMbI. TOlJHaH YCTalIoBKa HOCHKa LJ.eJ1HOKa no HrJ1e ocymecT-
B.1HeTCH npocTbIM I10BOpOTOM BaJ1HKa 'IeJ1HOKa B cooTBeTcTBYIOW.eM Ha-
npaBJlemIH (A.'lH lJero CTonopHbll1 BHHT A B llleCTepHC lJe.1HOKa oCJ1a6-
,/lHen;H) .
OTIIOlUCHHH: .n:J1f! rH6Koii nepe.n:a'IH i = 1 . I, .n:J1H llleCTepeHlJaToi't
i= I: 2.
I-IHiKllllil ropH30HTa'/lbHblll npoMe:>KYTolfHbIll BaJ1, KOTOpbIH Bpawa-
eTCH C TOll >Ke lJaCToToi:j Bpaml'HHH, lJTO Ii rJ1aBHbIH Ba.1 MalllHHbl, H B
- (\:)
h  l.
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Ir ),:
 --::=-}--=-fL j
PIIC. 76. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma 'ienHOKa
C nepeKpecTHoii rll6Koii nepeAa'leii
--:--..
(  -
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d
Cbr:
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J
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PHC. 77. CxeMa MexallH3Ma 'IenHO-
Ka 88-ro K.aacca
KHHeMaTHlleCKOM OTHOllleHlIH KaK HCTO'IHHK .n:BH>KeHHH Bno.1He ':::\1Y
3K'BJ-IBaJ1eHTeH, IICn0J1b3yeTcH TaK>Ke BMeCTO rJ1aBHOrO BaJ1a A.rIH Y..'I.oG-
Hoii H KOpOTKOii nepe.!l.alJH .n:BHiKeHHH MexaHH3MY peHKM.
r =
, - - --'JJ L-J
, , "'''\ '. l _.1
  ) _, J=7
PIIC. 78. CxeMa rH6KoH nepeAa'iH C
npOMe>KYTO'iHblM BaIIOM
.
PIIC. 79. CxeMa MexaHII3Ma 'ienHOKOB Ma-
UlIIHbl 252-ro Knacca
no TaKOMY }Ke npI-IHl.{Hny ocymeCTBJ1eHa nepe.n:alJa OT rJ1anHOrO Ba-
.rIa K 'leJ1HOKaM Ii B lllBeHHOJI MalllHHe IlM3 252-ro K,1acca .n:J1S1 6ec-
nOCa'lO'IHOrO lllBa (pilC. 79). f J1aBHbIH BaJ1 MalllHHbI H ABa '-IeJ1HOKa C'
nepTHKaJ1bHOH OCblO BpameHHH .n:J1H J1erKOCTH xo.n:a 'CMOHTHpOBaHbl Ha
lllapHKonO.lI.WHHHliKax. f J1aBHblil HaJ1  npOMe}KYTOlJHbIH ropH30HTa.1b-
106

r naB a VI
MEXAHI13Mbi HI1TEnpI1HlfI1BATEJ1EfI
lllBEflHblX MAIllI1H
II
II
1. Ha3HaIJeHUe MexaHU3MOB
Pa60Ta HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJHI 3aKJ1lOlJaeTCH B TOM, '!T06bI B npouec-
ce 06pa30BaHHH CTe>KKa no.n:aTb HHTKY He06xo.n:UMOH .n:.TJHHbI .n:J1H Ka}K-
..'I.oro 3Tana npOILecca, 6bI'CTpO 3aTHHYTb nOJ1Y'IeHHYIO neT.llO, CMOTaTb
C KaTYlliKH BepXHlOlO HUTKY, U3pacxo.n:OBaHHYIO Ha CTe}KOK.
llJ1HHa HHTKH, KOTOpylO HY>KHO nO,D,aBaTb B pa3J1H'IHbIe 3TanbI 00-
pa30BaHHH CTe}KKa, pa3J1H'-IHa.
HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJ1b oy.n:e-r BbInOJ1HHTb CBOIO <tJYHKILHIO TOJ1bKO Tor-
,D,a, Kor.n:a .n:J1lfHa nO..'l.aBaeMOH HJ1H BbITHrHBaeMOll UM HHTKH 6y.n:eT
BnO.1He COOTBeTCTBOBaTb nOTpe6HOCTU B Herl .n:J1H 06pa3OBaHliH CTe}K-
Ka. LlJ1H Toro '1TOObl HMeTb B03MO>KHOCTb npaBHJ1bHO paCC'IHTaTb HH-
TenpHTHrHBaTeJ1bHbIH MexaHH3M HJ1H CYMeTb oueHHTb ero pa60TY, He:
06XO.lI.HMO TeM UJ1H HHbIM cnOCOOOM YCTaHOBnTb, KaKaH .1.1HHa BepXHeH
HHTKlf nOTpe6yeTcH .n:J1H J11000ro MOMeHTa 06pa30BaHHH CTe>KKa. no-
Tpe6J1eHHe BepXHeH HHTKH HaqHHaeTCH HeMHoro pa'Hee Toro ;\IOMeHTa,
KOr,D,a HrJ1a, onYCKaHCb, 'BXO.n:HT CBOHM YlliKOM B MaTepHa.l. l\\O>KHO
6bWO ObI C'IHTaTb C HeIWTopbIM .lI.onylll.eHHeM, '1TO B nepUO..'l. npoBe.n: e -
HHH HHTKH '1epe3 MaTepHa.TJ .n:J1HHa nOTpe6J1HeMOH BepXHeH HIITI<H paB-
HHe1'CH y.n:BoeHHOMY nYTH, npoi-i.n:eHHOMY Yll1KOl\1 HTJ1bI. npH 3TOM He-
06XO.n:HMO Y'IeCTb, '-ITO 3aTHrHBaHHe npe.n:bl.lI.Ylll.ero CTe}KK HHTenpHTH-
rlfBaTe.TJeM npOHcxo.n:HT B TOT MOMeHT, KOr.lI.a Cll1HBaeMbIH MaTepHaJ1
ViKe nepeMeCTHJ1CH MexaHH3MOM no.n:a'lH npHMepHO Ha nO.l0BHHY ,D,J1I1-
RbI CTe>KKa. npn ll1nTbe TOHKHX MaTepna.'10B C He60J1bll1ofl .n:J1HHOH
CTe>KKa C 3THM OOCTOHTeJ1bCTBOM MQ}KH<1 He C'IHTaTbCH. Ho npH ll1HTbe
TOJ1CTbIX :\1aTepHaJ10B, Tpe6YIOlll.HX oOJ1ee KpynHoro CTe)J{Ka. 3Toro ..'1.0-
no.'1HHTeJ1bHOrO pacxo.n:a HllTKU HeJ1b3H He y'-lUTbIBaTb.
TaKIiM 00pa30M, MO>KHO C'IHTaTb, '1TO K Ha'laJ1Y norppKeHIHI Yll1K3
Hr.'1bI B :vJaTepMaJ1 HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJ1b pKe .J.O.l>KeH nO.1aTb BepXHlO1O
HIITKY .lI.J1HHOH 1=5/2, r.lI.e 5 - .lI.J1HHa CTe>KKa.
K MOMeHTY onycKaHHH YlliKa HrJ1bI 'B Kpalmee HH>KHee nO.l0>KeHHe
..1.1HHa HHTKH, KOTOpylO .lI.o.'l>KeH nO..'l.aTb HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJ1b, onpe.n: e -
.1HeTCH H3 <tJOpIY,lbl
I,
I
1
1=-s+2hH+2m,
2
103
r..'l.e l- .n:J1IlHa Ile06xo,D,IIMOII IllfTKH; hu - pac-cTOHHlIe ylliKa nr.'IbI B
KpalIHeM HmKHeM n0J10}!{eHIiIl OT nOBepxHocTH HrOJ1bHOii nJ1aCTHHbI;
m - TOJ1lll.HHa Cll1HBaeMOro hlaTepHaJ1a.
nOKa HrJ1a nO,D,HHMaeTcH H3 CBoero Hlf}KHero n0J10>KeHHH H HOCHK
'1e.lIl0Ka BXO,D,HT B neT.ll0, .n:J1HHa Ile06xo..'l.HMoil HHTKlf nOqTH He MeHH-
eTCH, 110 KaK TOJ1bKO HOCHK lJeJ1HOKa, 3aXBaTHB neTJ1IO, Ha4HeT 06BO-
.J.HTb ee BOKpyr ll1nYJ1bKH, nOTpe6.'leHHe HHTKH pe3Ko B03pa'CTaeT.
PIIC. 80. fpa<!JHK 3aBHCH-
MOCTH AnHHbl HHTKH OT
yrna nOBopoTa rnaBHoro
BaJia B MalllHHe 22-A
k.1acca (6C3 Y'IeTa Ton-
lllH"bl MaTepHana):
l-ueo6xoJ\HMoe KOnJl"eCTBO
III1TKII; 2-KOJllltteCTDO OCBO-
60>KJ\aeloi\ HIITKII
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320 0 90 80 120 160
!leo,? no8opoma e.l!aBHOeO 6a.llo
nOTpe6Hp:) .n:J1HHY HHTKH B nepllo.n: paClllHpeHHH neTJ1H  ..'I.06Hee
onpeJ,e.1HTb rpa<tJH'-IeCKH, Bbl4ep'lHBaH nOJ1Q}KeHHe H npHMepHYIO <tJOP-
:\IY neTJ1Ii B 60J1b1l10M MaCll1Ta6e (HanpHi\lep M5 1), a 3aTeM rpa<tJH-
'1eCKH, onpe.n:e.'1HH H CYMMUPYH Bce OT,D,eJ1bHhle oTpesKH.
Do pe3YJlbTaTaM no.n:C'IeTa CTpOHT KPHBYIO 3aBHCHMOCTH nJ1HHbI
HnTKH 1 OT yrJ1a nOBopoTa rJ1aBHoro BaJ1a cP (pHC. 80) CxeMa onpe-
.J.c.leHIIH .n:J1HHbl IlHTKll, oCB06mK.n:aeMoH HIITenpHTHrIlBaTeJ1eM, npHBe-
lI.eHa Ha pue. 81
.aJ1HHa BepxHeii IIIlTI<H, oCB060>K.n:eHllaH HHTenpMTHrHBaTeo/leM, 3aB"-
CHT OT n0J10}!{eHHH ec YlliKa D. C .n:pyroll CTOpOHbl, HaHOOJ1blllaH .n:nHHc.
HHTKH, KOTOpylO MOiKeT oCB060J],HTb " no_aTL HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJIb, on
pe.n:eJ1HeTCH ero XOJ1.0M HJ1H pa3MepOl\I b II n0J10>KeHHeM HHTeHanpa-
BHTe.'1 H A.
ECJ1n HHTeHanpaBHTCJ1b A (coBMecTHo C perYJ1HTOpOM HaT5DKeHHH
HIlTKII) V,CTaHOBHTb BbIll1e, 4el\! HH}!<IIee n0J10}!(eHHe YlliKa DR pbI'Iara
HHTenpHTHrHBaTenH, TO .lI.J1IIIIa OCBo6o}!{.n:aeMoil H!1TKH 6y.n:eT YMeHb-
ll1eHa. B MaWHHax 4eJ1HO'-lHOrO nma 3TOT HIITeHanpaBHTeJ1b CT2BHTCH
Tal{, IWK )"Ka3aHO Ha pHC. 81 (HmKc KpailHero n0J10iKeHHH YUIKa D)
13 :\1alllHHax, BbInOJ1HHI('w.nx ILennbIe CTpO'l, I<H n0J10>KeHHe HI1Tenanpa-
BHTeJ1H A 4aw.e Bcero perYJ1HpyeTcH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOro, KaKaH
.n:.1HHa BepxHeH HHTKH pacxo.n:yeTcH Ha CTe>KOK.. .
TaK KaK .n:J1HHa IlHTKH, oCB060>K.lI.aeMaH B K3iK.n:bIH OT.n:e.lbHbllf MO-
:\WHT HHTenpHTHflIBaTeJ1eM, Ll.OJ1>KHa Haxo.n:HTbCH B nOJ1HOM COOTI3eT-
CTBHH C ,D,J1HHOH HHTKH, He06xo.QHMOll .n:J1H 06pa30BaHliH CTeiKKa, TO
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Bnomle onpe.n:eJ1eHHOMY 3aKOIlY, B CTporOM COOTBeTC raHH C Ll.BH:>KeHH-
eM HrJ1bl H '1eJIHOKa. npH 3a.lI.aH<lofl KOIlCTPYI<ILHIl H pa3MepaX HHTe-
109

PHC. 81. CX::I'1a onl1ellcneHHH
JI..1I1Hb! HIITKH, oCR06oJKAae-
Moii IIHTenpHTHritBaTe.'leM:
l-IIHTeHanpaBIiTenb nepeJ\ pery-
.'BTOpOM HaTB>KCHHB; 2-Uldil6b1
HaTjof;CH". MC>K.D.Y KOTOpblMH
nponYCKaeTC BepXHHSI IIHTI:::a;
3-YUlKO KOMIiCHCaI.\IIOHHoi\ npy-
:iKHllbI: A-HHTcnanpamneJlb ne-
pe.n. pblllarOM IIHTenpIfTHflIBaTenH;
£-YUlI:O pLIara IIIITenpllTBrlfBa-
n.'.:n. 1,ICpe3 hflTOpoe 3anp.aBnen3
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HHTKH 96 MM (c Y'IeTo:\,1 MaKcHMa.lbHoll TOJIIl1.HlIbl CIllHB3eMbiX MaTe-
pHaJIOB - 106 MM). oCBoomK.n:aeMaH - 114 M.
XOl1 YIllKa HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJIH B MalllHHe 4-ro K.'laCC3 - 69 MM, B
M31ll1IIIC 22-A K.lacca - 60 MM. YWKO pbl'-lara HIITCnpUTHrHBaTeJIH
nO;I.HHMaeTCH (BHa4aJIe Me.n:JIemw) paHbwe, 'IeM 'IeJIHOK M.aKCHMaJIb-HO
paCI11HpHT neTJIIO, H BHa4a.,1e BblOHpaeT pe3epB HHTKIL ECJIlI YIllKO
pbl'Iara HJlTenpHTHrHBaTeJIH Ha4HeT no.n:'beM nOCJIe MaKCH:\13JIbHOrO
paCIlllIpeHHH neTJIlI, TO 011 He ycneeT DblBeCTH OCB060.n:HBIllYIOCH neT.110
H3 4eJlHOKa Hero JlOCHK BTOprl'IHO 3aXBa1'HT ee H oGopBeT BepXHlO1O
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HHTb YCJIOBlIe, YKa3alIHoe H3 pHC. 27, VIl 113JIHWeK HHTKH 6y.n:eT
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M31ll1lHLI CTaBH1'CH ocoobIii npY}KHHHbli{ KOMneHcaTop 3 (r. pHC. 81),
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nJIaCTHHKoii, OrpaIlH'IHB<lIOlllefl nOil.'be)'I ee YllJKa.
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xallH3M, 60JIee HJIH ),ICHee T04HO oCYllleCTBJIHlOll1.HH 3a.lI.aHIIOe .lI.BH}Ke-
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Hoi1 <pOpMbl .lI.JIH pO.'lJm(l pbl'Iara HHTenpllTHrHBaTeJIH. Ha puc. 82 npe.1.-
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III
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II HaT5I}KeHHe 31'0 .n:OJI}KHO pery.1HpOBaTbCH
npOCTblM cnoc060M.
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iKIIHbI C03J1.aeTCfI Kpyr.10f1 HaKaTHoii raflKoii 4, HaBuH l leHHoi1 Ha KOHen
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3 II OK33bIBae1'C5I 33iKa1'Oir MeiK!I.Y wafI6a\11I HaTfIiKeHH5I.
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4T06bI MallIUHa .n:aBaJIa HopMa.1bHYIO CTpOtlKY C nepenJIeTeHHeM HHTOK
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HHTOK He OT,TIa}KeHO. HanpUMep, nepen.leTeHHe BepxHei'I HHTKI-I C HH}K-
123

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}KeHHe BepXHeH HHTKH HaCTOJlbKO BemrKO, '-ITO OHa BbITHrHBaeT HHiK-
HIOIO HHTKY HaBepx, XOTH HH}KHHH HIfTKa MOiKeT HMeTb H HOpMaJlbHOe
HaTH>KeHHe. TOT iKe .n:ecpeKT MO>KeT nOS1BHTbCH H npH CJlHIllKOM .cJla60M
HaTHiKeHHlI HlIiKHeH HHTKH.
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CHl13Y (CM. pHC. 92, B). B 3TOM CJlY-
'-Iae nepenJleTeHHe HHTOK npOHcxo.n:HT
onHTb He B cepe.n:HHe CIllHBaeMblX Ma-
TepHaJIOB, a Ha HH>KHell nOBepXHOCTIf.
3TO YKa3bIBaeT, Ha TO, LJTO HaTHiKeHHe
BepxHell HHTKII HaCTOJlbKO cJla60, LJTO
OHa He MOiKeT BTHHYTb HHiKHIOIO HHT-
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KOM BeJlHKO HaTSI>KeHHe HHiKHeH
HHTKII.
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JleHHOe HaTHiKeHHe HHiKHeH HHTKH
pe.n: KO MeHHeTCH, H HOpMaJlbHYIO
CTP04KY YAaeTCH nOJlYLJaTb perYJlHpO-
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MOiKeT 6bITb H TaKOl1 CJlYLJaH, Kor.n:a nepenJleTeHHe HHTOK nOJlYLJa-
eTCH HOpMaJlbHO B Cepe.'I.HHe CIllHBaeMblX MaTepHaJlOB, HO Ta H .n:PyraH
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HaTSliKeHHe KaK BepXHell. TaK H 'HHiKHeH RHTKH.
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3aBHCHMO OT Ha3HaLJeHHH, KOHCTpyKllHH H xapaKTepa CTeiKKa, npHLJeM
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OocJle BbInOJlHeHHH Ka>K.n:oro CTe}KKa MaTepHaJl .n:OJl}KeH T'lerCMe-
lllaTbCH Ha BnOJlHe onpetI.eJleHHYIO BeJlHLJIfHY llJlH 06eCneLJeHH}1 ofJpa30-
BaHHH HOBoro CTeiKKa.
C nOHHTHeM nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJla (noJJ.aLJu) CBH3ano H nOHHTHe
Illara CTpOLJKH.
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06blKHoBenHO H3MepHeTcH B MHJlJlHMeTpax. 4aCTOTa CTpOLJKH .n:aeTCH
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5 CM.
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OT po.n:a If TOJllUHHbl CIllHBaeMblX MaTepHaJlOB.
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KJlaCCa - tI.0 5 MM, a B MaIllHHe 23-A KJlaCCa .n:JlH TH>KeJlbIX 1ll0pHblX
pa60T - .n:o 8 MM.
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MaIllHHe perYJlHTOp Illara CTpOLJ'KH JJ.JlH H3MeHeHHH JJ.JlHHbl CTeiKKa.
OpncnOC06J1eHHe .n:JlH perYJlHpOBaHl1H .n:JlHHbl CTe>KKa 06blKHOBeHHO
BXO.n:HT B 061llYIO llenb :vIeXaHH3Ma nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJla.
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125

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ncpei\lelll.CHHH MaTepH3Jla. e p eMuueHIIH :\1aTepHaJla (BO MHorHX
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)  7J.BUraTeJlb TKaIIH» - peuK '"
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Ha.n: nJlOCKOCTblO I-I HrOJlb-
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Tepna.a, BnaBJlIfBalOTCSI B no-
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be3 npH>KU;\flIoi'1 .'lanKU pa60Ta MallIHHbI HeB03MOJoKIIa. B TOT ne
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'IeHHH TaKoH TpaCKTopHH BeCbMa Tpy.n:HO. 06bI'-lIIO OHa npe1I.CTaB.1HC r
C060H 3a\fKHYTYIO llIaTplHyIO KPHBYIO (-CM. pHC. 94, 6) C 60.lbIlIII:Vl
pa.n:HYCOM KpHBH3HbI B pa60qeii 'cBoeii lJaCTU.
HYW-HO CTpe:\IIITbC5I K TO:VIY, lJT06LI BepxHHH pa6olJa51 '-IaCTb Tpa'_K-
TopIm B03MomHO MellbllIe OTK.10HHJlaCb OT npHlOiL KOlll1.e13ble  lJaCThIl
KpHBOM .J,OJlMHbl 'B03l\IOi-KHO Kpyi.Je no.n:HHMaTbCH BBepx, lITO COOTBCT-
CTByeT GblCTPOMY nO.J.'bCMY If 6bICTPOMY onYCKaHUIO 3y6beB. Opll C.lt!-
llIKG:\f Me.n:.'leIlHO:\1 nO.J."bCMe H C.1HillKOM paIHeM onYCK3HHII 3:lalJHTe.1b-
lIaH lJaCTb pa60LJero XO.!1.a 6Y.J.eT nOTepsma JI..'1H non.alIH, H, HeCMOTpH,
Ka3a.10Cb 6bl. Ha I10pMaJlbHYIO Be.lll'mHY nepe.J.BH)[(eHHH peiiKH, cpaK-
TU'leCKaH nO.J.a'la 6Y.1eT MHo'ro MCHbllIC H MallIHHa 6Yll.eT n.10XO TH-
HYTb MaTepHaJl.
TCH.1Ile Tt, C KOTOpbIM 3y6b51 peHKU ncpeMelllalOT TKallb, 3aBIICHT
127

01' Cl-l,,1bl TpeIII-IH (HJIH BepHee CLI.enJIeHI-IH), B03HI-!KalOillell MeIKJJ.Y pen-
KOll II MaTepua.'lOM, I-! MO>KeT 6blTb onpe.n:e.leHO no cpOp:\ly.le
T 1 =pl-lt.
r.n:e P - Hopla.lbIloe .n:aBJIeHUe JlanKI-! Ha laTepHa.n; ll - K03cpqm-
LI.HCHT TpeIlHH.
Me>K.n:y _'IanKOH H BepX'HUM CJIOeM TKaHn B03HHKaeT CHJIa TpeHi-IH T 2 .
KOTopaH npenHl'CTByeT nepeMeIlleHHIO MaTepnaJIa. ha CH.'la 3aBHCHT
TaK>Ke 01' .n:aBJIeHHH JIanKH Ha TKaHb H K03cpcpHLI.He1ITa TpeHHH 12
Me>K.n:y nOBepXHOCTblO JIanKH H MaTepHaJIOM T2=NI2. .lJ..TJH YMeHbwe-
HHH Bpe.n:HOH CHJIbI T 2 nJIOCKOCTb conpHKOCHOBeHHfI .1anKH C MaTepHa-
JIOM TIllaTeJIbHO nOJlHpyeTcH (.n:JlH YMeHbweHHH 12)
opH CWHBaHHH 'HeCKOJIbKHX CJIOeB MaTepHaJIa HX nepeMeIlleHHe
npOHcxo.n.nT BCJIe.n:CTBHe Toro, '-11'0 3TH CJIOH CWHTbI np e .n: b I.ll:YIllHi\1H
CTe>KKaMI-!, a TaK}Ke 3a CLJeT CHJIbl TpeHlIH T3 MeIK.J.Y CJIOHMH MaTepHa-
Jla. T3=P1-l3' r.n:e 13 - K03cpcpHl.U-IeHT TpeHHH Me>K.n:y CJIOflMH MaTe-
pHaJIa.
BCHKHH .TJH MaTepHaJI, npH}KaTblH HenO:I.BH>KHOH .1anKOII, :\1O>KeT ne-
peMeIllaTbCH pellKOH?
O'leBH.n:HO, LJTO nepeMeIlleHHe TKaHH pelnWH C Heno.n:BI-!>KHOll JIanKOll
B03MO>KHO B TOM CJIYLJae, ecJII-! C03.n:aHO .n:OCTaTOLJHOe .n.aBJIeHHe _'IanKH
Ha MaTepna_'! H eCJIH K03cpcpULI.UeHT TpeHUH 3y6beB peHKH 0 TKaHb 6y-
:I.eT 60JIbWe, LJeM K03cpcpHUHeHT TpeHHH BepxHero CJIOH MaTepHaJIa 0
nJIOCKOCTb npH>IUlMHOH JlanKH, l' e. 11>1-l2, a npH CWHBaHHH HeCKOJlb-
KHX C.'lOeB MaTepHaJIa He06xo.n:I-!MO TaK>Ke, LJT06bl K03cpcpHLI.HeHT Tpe-
HHH 13 Me>K.n.y CJIOHMH TKaiHH 6blJl 60_'lbwe K03cpcpHLI.HeHTa TpeHHfI
BepXHer() CJIOH MaTepHaJIa 0 JIaITKY T. e. 1-l3> 12.
CHJIa .n:eHCTBIIH JlanKH Ha TKaHb .n:OJl>KHa 06ecne4HBaTb He TOJIbKO
nepeMeIl{eHHe MaTepHaJIa 3y6bflMH pei1KH, HO II npH>KHM MaTepna.'Ia K
HrOJIbHOll nJIaCTHHKe npu nepeMeIl{eHHH HrJIbI H3 HH>KHerO n()JIO>KeHHH.
oOCJIe.n.Hee Tpe60BaHHe oc06eHHO He06xo.n:HMO Y4HTbIBaTb npH CWH-
BaHHH TOJICT0I1 KO>Kn, Kor.n:a 'CHJla TpeHHH Hr JIbl 0 MaTepHaJI BeJIHKa,
H npH He.n:OCTaTOLJHOM .n.aBJIeHHH JlanKH HrJla npH nepeMeIlleHHH H3
HH>KHerO nOJlO>KeHHfI 6y..n.eT no.n.HHMaTb MaTepHaJI H JIanKY, n03TOMY
HanYCK neTJIH OKOJIO yWKa HrJIbI 06pa30BbIBaTbCH He 6y.n: e T.
CHJIa, C KOTOpOJ1 JlanKa !l.ei1cTByeT Ha TKaHb, 3aBHCHT, CJIe,a.OBa-
Te.'lbHO, B OCHOBHOM 01' xapaKTepa CWHBaei\lOrO MaTepHa.'la; npH CWH-
BaHHH TfI>KeJIbIX TKa"HeH .n.aBJIeHHe JlanKH .n:OJI}KHO 6bITb 60JlbWe (Ha-
npHMep, npH 'CWHBaHHH CYKHa), npH CWHBaHHH JIerKHX TKaHei1 MeHb-
we (B npe.n:eJlax 2-3 .n:aH). opH CWHBaHHH TH>KeJIbIX MaTepHaJIOB
3y6bH peHKH .n:OJl>KHbI 6bITb KpynHblMH (HanpHMep, .n:JIH CWHBaHHH
C)'KHa war 3y6beB pei'IKH paBeH 2,1 MM) opH CWHBaHHH .'!erKHX TKa-
Hei1 war 3yobeB peilKH .n.OJI>KeH ObITb paBeH 1,2 MM.
(- Ha nepeMeIlleHHe MaTepHaJIa OKa3bfBaeT 60JlbllIOe BJIHHHI-!e H BeJIH-
\ LJHHa no.n:'beMa 3y6beB peHKH Ha.n: nJIOCKOCTblO HrOJIbHoi1 n'IaCTHHKII
(BeJIHLJHHa h, CM, pHC. 94, 6).
opH CWHBaHIIH nJIOTHbIX TH>KeJIbIX TKaHen 3y6bH .n.OJI>KHbI no,a.,HH-
MaTbCH H BJJ.aB.TJlIBaTbCH B MaTepHaJi Ha 60JlbWYlO BeJlHLJRHY, LJeM npH
CWHBaHHH JIerKHX.
128
B.n:aBJ1HBaHIfe 3y6beB peiIKu B TKaHb 3aBHCI-IT KaK 01' xapaKTepa Ma
TcpHa.'Ia, TaK H 01' pa3MepOB 3y6beB H HX COCTOHHHH -
Bce au:uHbI, cHa6>KeHHble Heno.n:BU>KHbIMH n >KHMHbI
l\IIf H peHKOH, .n:aIOT «noca.n:KY» HH>KHerO CJlOH MfTepHaJIa M JlanKa-
06'bHCHfleTCH B OCIIOBHO:\1 TeM LJTO CHJla . oca.n:Ka
o JIany 3a.n:epiKHBaeT epeMIl{eHHe BepHcxeOafI TKaHH
a p H ;[':u>Kero CJ10H MaTepUaJla npn B.n:aBJlHBaHH 3y6beB t-
- OJ-I noca.n:Ke HH>KHlII1 MaTepHaJi CTaHOBHl'CSI Ka 6 .
HnCTbI:\1. opI-! pacTflfHBaHHI-! CWHTbIX :\laTepHaJIOB B03MO>KHb P:P::
WBa. COBpeMeHHaSi TeXHHKa HallIJia
cnoc06 60pb6bl C 3THM Bpe.n:HbIM SlB-
JIeI-Ie:l1 npI-!MeHeHI-!eM KOMOIIHupoBaH-
IWI-! no;(aLJI-!. B MarnI-!HaX .n:J1H nOJIy-
PHC. 95. CxcMa pa60Tbl peiiKH C
nepeMel1talOl1tciic IIrnoii

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{>;/;;..;,;;.
.
I
PHC. 96. CxeMa pa60Tbi peiiKH C
ABH>KYLQciicH nanKoii
LJeHI1S1 6ecnOCa,'I.OLJHOrO llIBa (Ha pI
TOB) npo.n:BI1}[<eIIHe :lIaTe uaJla n IMep, npn H3roTOBJleHHH napawlO-
Te,leM TKaHII (peiII..iI) l II B on3BO.J.HTCfI o.n:HOBpeMeHHO H .n:BHra-
'la:\1If 2 (p IlC 95) 0 ,.n. H YIllHMncSi B HanpaBJIeHHH no.n:aLJH Hr-
. . '. Oca;1.I<3 HH>KHefO C 1051 TKa
110 )'!\1eHbWaeTCH HO 113-3a ,H npH 3TOM 3HaLJHTeJlb-
He HCK.lIOLJaeTCH.' .ue<pop:\IaUUIl 1'KaHel1 BCe-TaKI-! nOJlHOC1'bK
.lJ.JlH npope3HHeHHblX TKaHeH pe
q-JIfLI.HeH1' TpeHHH 12 ,'IanKH 0 M;TepHbI6 11 .n:PYfHX Ma1'epI-!aJIOB K03cp-
1I11f1 13 3y6beB peHKI-! 0 :'.laTe HaJI  .'!30K K K03cppHll1eHTY Tpe-
e Heno.n:BI-!>KHoi'1 JIanKoi'I He otecne 3 3a lero peeHbIl1 Tpa-HcnopTep
31'I-!X MaTepHaJlOB o031'OM 1 ne e HBaeT HOpMaJlbHOrO nepeMeIl{eHHSI
OCYIl{eCTB.1HeTCH peifKoii 1) I-! n p Hue M TepHaJia B 3TI-!X c.'IYLJaHX
TKa - ......,aIOLUeHCSI JlanKOJi 2 (p HC 96 )
Hb. 3a>KaTaH Me>K.n:v .n. BU >KYIl{H:\1HCH v "
KOll II .1anKoH, CllII-IBaeTCH 6e3 noca-'K C o.n:HHaKOBOH CKOpOC1'blO pen-
B ..... H HH>KHero CJIOH
MallIHHax .n.JIH CWHBaHUH KO>K .
.1JIK 1 ( 97),Q II BMeCTO JlaITKH npHMeHHe1'CfI 0-
ocu Bpa:TcH a :;w:: :'.IO:\ieU1'a TpeHHfI pOJIlIK Ha cBeii
>K!!.:\faeT MaTeimaJI K IIrO.'Ib;Ii1 nJIa:IOCTb ( POJIH!<a, ) KOTOpoi'I OH npM.
3YObH (HaKaTKv). He!l.OC1'aTKo . HKe H peHKe ,HMCCT MeJIKHL
MaJIaH npH}KHMHaH nBepxHoc: TaKOfO MexaHH3Ma HBJISICTCH OqeHb
nO:I.'beMe nf.'JbI 113 H!DKHe;O no;0:a6)aI:aTe 31'oro npH
 llIKa Hf JIbI \'xy.n:rnaeTCH a n nCTJ1H OKOJIO
c60pKn c.'loe MaTepna.la'. pH 3aTHfHBaHHI-I CTe>KKa nOJlYLJalO1'CH
31'11 He.n:OCTaTKH oc06eHHo 3aM
T ope po.'JHKa ,'I.O.'J)I<eH no B03MO:1 npH CWUBamm MSIfKHX TKaHeH.
)"KOJIOB Hf.lbl. - CTH Haxo.n:H1'bCH 6.TJI-I>Ke K JlHHHH
5 570
129

rIepeMellleIll-Ie MaTepllaJia I1a KPYTblX nOBOpOTaX (HanpHMep, npH
CllJlIBaIHII-I 3arOTOBOK 06YBH) J1Y'-lwe ocymeCTBJlHeTCH npHMeHeHHeM
BMecTO pei-'llUl KOJleCa 1, Ha3bIBaeMoro TaK>Ke «n03blBOM» (pHC. 98)
31'0 KOJleCO nOJlYLJaeT npepbIBHcToe BpameHHe B MOMeHT nepeMemeHHH
MaTepHaJla. He.n:ocTaTKoM TaKoro MexaHH3Ma HBJlHeTCH TO, LJTO nOBepx-
HOCTb KOJleca c 3y6bHMH nOCTOHHHO BbICTynaeT Ha.n: nJlOCKOCTblO I-I
Hro.TIbHOll nJlaCTIHIbl; MaTepHaJl B TOLJKe H npoxo.n:a HrJlbI He npH>KaT
H OCTaeTCH CB060.n:HbIM.
t
PHe. 97. CxeM3 paGoTbi peiiKH
e Ha>KHMaTenbHbiM ponHKoM
PHe. 98. CxeMa pa60Tbi TpaHenop-
Tepa e n03blBHbiM KoneeOM
npH CWHBaHlU1 MHrKHX MaTepHaJlOB BMeCTe C no.n:'beMOM HrJlbI
H3 HH>KHerO ee nOJlO>KeHHH no.n:HHMaeTCH TaK>Ke H TKaHb. 06pa30BaHHe
neT.1H1 OKOJlO YWKa HrJlbl npH TaKHX YCJlOBHHX 3'Ha l IHTeJlbHO yxy.n: wa -
eTCH.
.D.JlH YCTpaHeHHH 3Toro He.n:OCTaTKa He06xo.n:II:'1O CTpeMHTbCH K 1'0-
MY, LJT06bI HrJla nepeMeIl{aJlaCb no B03MO>KHOCTH 6J1H>Ke K TopIJ.aM PO-
.TIHKa H KOJleca.
MexaHH3MbI TpaHcnopTepa C n03bIBHblM KOJleCOM HaWJlH WHpOKoe
np.HMeHeHHe npH CWHBaHHH Mexa, KO>KH H BaTHblX HaCTliOB.
npHMeHeHHe MexaHH3Ma peHKH C Heno.n:BH>KHOll Jla.nKO u l1 npH CW:fB(\-
HHII BaTHbIX HaCTI-IJlOB Bbl3bIBaeT 60JlbWYlO noca.n:Ky HI1>KHeH TKaHH orH-
CHTe.lbHO BepXHeH (B OCHOBHOM H3-3a c.n:BHra BaTHoro CJlOH) n03TOMY
B MHOrOHrOJlbHblX MaWHHax .n:JlH CWI1BaHHH aBTOnpOKJla.n:OK (14-l1rOJlb-
HaH MaWHHa 40-ro KJlaCCa nM3 H MaWHHa M-12 lJ.HI1IUllna)
MaTepHaJl nepeMemaeTCH .n:BYMH Be.n:ymHMH BaJHlKaMH C POTIH-
Ka:\1H, pacnOJlO>KeHllblMH C3a.n:H JlanKH (pHC. 99). JIanKa B 3TOM cJlYLJae
JlHWb HanpaBJlHeT MaTepHaJl H He .n:aeT eMY B03MO>KHOCTH no.n:HHMaTb-
CH BMeCTe C HrJlaMH B MOMeHT 06pa30naHHH neTJlH OKOJlO YWKa HrJlbI.
B HeKOTopbIX CJlYLJaHX, HanpHMep npH BTaLJHBaHHH PYKaBa B npoll-
MY (na MaWHHe 202-ro KJlaCca) HJlH npH 06pa60TKe 60pTa naJlbTO HJlH
KOCTIOMa (Ha MaWHHe 297-ro KJlaCca), TeXHOJlOfHLJecKH He06xo.n:HMa
1I0ca.n:Ka o.n:Horo H3 CJlOeB TKaHei-'1.
B MexaHH3Max TpaHcnopTepa YKa3aHHbIX MaWHH .n:06a-BJleHa pa31---
e.n:lIHHTe.'IbHaH nJlaCTHHa 2 (pIlC. 100), KOTopaH 3aBO.lI.HTCH Me>K.lJ.Y
130
BepXHHM CJlOeM 4 H HH>KHHM C.J10eM 5 TKaHH, H B 3aBHOIMOCl'H OT Toro,
KaKoH CJlOH HY>KHO noca.n:HTb, BepxHeMY .lJ.BHraTeJlIO (JlanKe 1) HJlll
HH>KHeMY .n:Bl1raTeJlIO 3 C006maeT'CH 60JlbllIee npo.n:OJlbHOe nepeMeme-
HHe. Ha pac. 100 JI.BH>KymancH JlanKa 1 HMeeT 60JlbWee npo.n:OJlbHOe
nepeMemeHHe, LJeM peHKa 3, 6Jlaro.n:apH LJeMY npoHcxo.n:HT noca.n:Ka
BepxHero CJlOH TKaHH. no TaKoMY npHHUHny pa60TaeT MexaHH3M ne-
peMemeHHH TKaHH MaWHHbI 202-ro KJlaCca.
.J
PHe. 99. CxeMa pa60Tbi TpaHe-
nopTepa e THHYI1.lHMH ponHKaMH
PHe. 100. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma peiiKH AnR
noe3AKH TK311H
npH CllIHBaHHH 3JlaCTHLJHbIX MaTepHaJlOB, HanpHMep TpHKOTa}!<HOrO
nOJlOTHa, H3-3a TpeHHH Me>K.n:y JlanK0I1 H nOJlOl'HOM nOJlOTHO BblTHI'H-
BaeTCH. LlJlH YCTpaHeHHH YKa3aHHOrO He.n:OCTaTKa B MaWHHaX npHMe-
HHeTCH .n:UCpcpepeHUHaJlbHaH nQJI.aqa, CXeMa KOTOpOH .n:aHa Ha pHC. 101
B 3TOM CJlyqae npHMeHHIOT.CH .lJ.Be peHKH: 3a.n:HHH 1 H nepe.n:HHH 2. npo-
,n:OJlbHOe nepeMeIl{eHHe nepe.n:HeH pellKe co06Il{aeTcH 60JlbllIee, LJeM
3a.n:Hell, H BbITHfHBaHHe nOJlOTHa npeKpamaeTcH.
npH CllIHBaHHH TKaHell, co.n:ep>KaLUHX CHHTeTHLJeCKHe HHTH, HanpH-
Mep JlaBcaH, nOHBJlHeTCH KaK nOca.lI.Ka HH>KHerO CJlOH TKaHH, TaK II
CTHrIlBaHHe BepxHero II HH>KHerO
CJlOeB.
LlJlH YCTpaHeHHH YKa3aHHbIx
He.n:OCTaTKOB He06xo.lJ.HMO Ha YLJaCT-
Ke nepe.n: HrJloll paCTHrHBaTb
TKaHb. Ha MaWlme 697-ro KJlaCCa
031l1M, npe.n:Ha3HaLJeHHOfl .n:JlH
CIIlHBaHHH TKaHeii, co.n:ep>KaIl{HX HI1-
TH JlaBCaHa, npHMeHeH .n:HcpcpepeH- 1 2
UHaJlbHbIH TpaHcnopTep C .n:BYMH
peHKaMH. KaLJeCTBO CTpOLJKH npH PHe. 101. CxeMa 1I.H<!JifJepeHLlHanbHoii
3TOM 3HaLJHTeJIbHO YJlYLJllIaeTCH nOAa'!H
npH CKOpOCTHOM pe>KIIMe pa60Tbl
.n:a>Ke .n:o 4500 06/MHH.
r nOCa.lJ.Ka H CTHrHBaHHe TKaHH Ha MaWI1He 22-A KJlaCCa H !l:p.
I ?C06eHHo npOHBJlHeTCH npH CKOpOCTHOM pe}!<IlMe pa60TbI 60JIee
2500 06/MHH.
'-- LlJIH YCTpaHeHHH nOca.lJ.KH H YMeHbweHHH 'CTHrHBaHHH TKanefl co-
Tpy.n:HHKaMH MTI1JIna H lJ.Hl1l1ll1Da (H. A. ApxHnoB, 11. K. [0-
POXOB, B. A. 5I6JIOKOB H .n:p.) H3MeHeHa KOHCTPYKUHH pei'IKH H JlanKH.
5*
131

J1anKa 1 (pHC. 102) D nC'pe..'1.lIeil 'laCTH Y.llJJlIllell8 fla 6 MM, a 3aJI.-
flHe 3y6bJi pPiiKH 2 BLmOJJIIClIhl BbIwe nepeJi.HI-IX na 1,2 MM. Ha nepe.n.-
lIei-i qaCfll nrOJJblloi-i nJia-CTHIiLI 3 naHeceHa 3y6'-1aTaH HaCeqKa. nepeJI.-
Hl-le 3y6bH pei1Kl:I npH MaKCl:IMaJIbHOM ee no.n:'beMe BO BpeMH npo.n: BH -
>KeHHH TKalll:l 'He BbIXO.n:HT Bblille pa60qeH nJIOCKOCTH HrOJIbHOH nJIa-
CTl:IHbI. npH TaKOH YCTa1l0BKe peHKH nepe.n:HHH qaCTb JIanKU npl:l>Kl:I-
MaeT MaTepl:laJI K 3y6qaTOH HaCeqKe l:IrOJIbHOH nJIaCTl:IHW l:I C03.n:aeT
He06xo.n.HMoe TOpMO>KeIlHe Hl:\}KHerO CJIOH TKaHl:I. nOca.n:Ka HU>KHerO
CJ10H TKaHH npH 3TOM Y'CTpaHHeTCH. YMeHbillaeTCH TaK>Ke l:I CTHrHBa-
HHe TKaHeH. Ka"-leCTBO CTPOqKH nOJIyqaeTCH JIyqIllee B TOM CJIy..ae,
2
3
PHC. 102. CxeMa pll60Tbi peiiKH ,nnR
CWHBaHHH TKaHcii, COllepJK:IU\HX CHHTe-
TH'IeCKHe BonOKHa
PIIC. 103. CxeMa nan!!H AnR
ro<!JpHpoBaHH>I fKaHH:
l-n3nKa: 2-Hfna
Koma 3a.l!:HUe 3y6b51 pei'tKH BbIXO.n:HT Ha.n: HrOJIbHOil nJIacTl-lHoil BbI Ille ,
qeM nepe.J.HlIe (CM. pHC. 102). MaTepHaJI KaK 6bI HeMHoro paCTHfIiBa-
eTCH, a He TOJIKaeTCH 3y6bHMlt pe11KU.
TaKoe COqeTaHl:Ie JIyqIlle 06ecneql:lBaeTCH pacnOJIO>KeHHeM BaJIa
no.n:'beMa ICJIeBa, a BaJIa no.n:aqH cnpaBa OT JIanKl:I, KaK, HanpHMep, B
MaIllHHax 23-A, 252-ro KJIaCCOB nM3.
Ha pl:l'c. 103 YKa3aHa cxeMa JIanKH .n.JIH rocppnpoBaHIIH TKaHl:I.
Oco6eHHocTb TaKoi'1 JIanKl:I 3aKJIloqaeTCH B TOM, qTO 3a.n:HHH qaCTb A
onopHoH nJIOOKOCTl:I JIanKH y.n:aJIe-na, a 3y6bH peHKH, nepeMeIl{aH
TKaHb, C03.n:aIOT rocpPbI.
B Tex CJIyqaHX, Kor.n:a npl:l CIllIIBaHItl:! MaTepl:laJIOB l:I3MeI-IHeTCH TOJI-
Il{HHa TKaHH HJIH CTpO'IKa JI.0.1>KHa npoHTH IIepe3 nonepe'IHble IllBbI,
npHMeHHe'J1CH IllapHl:IpHaH JIanKa. nOJIO>KeHHe IllapHHpa Ha nO!I.OIllBe
JIanKH 1:IrpaeT cYIl{ecTBeHHYIO pOJIb B pa60Te MaIllUHbI.
Ha pEC. 104 YKa3aHacxeMa llJapHHpHoH JIanKU nJIOCKOllJOBHOH
MaIllHHbl. B onbfTHoH MallJUHe llJapHl:Ip 2 .J.ep>KaBKH 1 6blJI pacnoJIo-
>KeH .naJIeKO OT KOHua JIanKU 4 (Ha paccToHHIUI 12 MM) (pl:lc. 104, a),
1:1 npH npH6JIl:I>KeHHH nOnepeqHOrO llJBa K l:IrJIe 3 pel1Ka nJIOXO nejJ£-
MeIl{aJIa B 3TOT MOMeHT TpHKOTa}[UlOe nOJIOTHO. nOCKOJIbKY 3Ta MaIllH-
Ha uenHoro CTe>KKa, TO H3-3a OTCYTCTBHH nepeMeIl{eHl:IH MaTepl:laJIa
nOHBJIHJIHCb B 3TO BpeMH nponYCKH CTe>KKOB,
DocJIe Toro KaK llJapHHp 2 6blJI nepeHeceH 6JIl:I>Ke K KOI-IUY JIanKH 4
(pHC, 104, 6), pei'IKa nOJIHOCTbIO 06eCneqHJIa nepeMellleHHe nOJIOTHa
Ha nonepeqHblX IllBax, H nponycKH CTe>KKOB npeKpaTHJIH-Cb.
 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BbITIOJIHHeMoi'1 onepaUHH npHMeHHIOTcH pa3JIl:\lI-
HbIe KOHCTPYKUHH peeK H JIanOK. Ha pHC. 105 nOKa3aHbI HaH60JIee xa-
132
paKTepHble HX TIInbL Ha pHC. 105, a YKa3aHa cpopMa peHKl:I, l:IMelOlllaH
TPH pH.n:a 3y6beB. MecTo nepeMellleHl:IH HrJIbI YKa3aHo 6YKBOH H Ta-
KaH cpOpM8 peHKH 06eCne'-ll:lBaeT HOpMaJIbHOe nepeMellleHl:Ie MaTepHaJIa
PHC. 104. CxeMa wapllHp-
HO" n3nKH nOCKOWOBHO"
MaWHHbl:
a-mapHHp pacnOnO)l(eH na-
neKO OT I(OHIa nam,"; 6-npa-
BHnbHoe pacnOnO)l(eHIle map-
HlIpa B nanKe
5
19
a)
0)
KaK JIerKOrO, TaK II TH>KeJIOrO Tl-ma, DpH BblTIOJIHeHHH HeKOTOpbIX one-
paUHi'I, Hanpl:lMep npOCTpaqHBaHl:IH BOPOTHHqKOB, 'CTpOqKa BbIDOJIHHeT-
CH Ha He6oJIbillOM paCCTOHlIl:IH (1,5-2 MM) OT npaBoro KpaH, 1I Tor.n:a
npaBblH pHJI. 3y6beB OKa3bIBaeTCH He TOJIbKO HeHY>KHbIM, HO l:I Bpe.n-
HbIM, TaK KaK MeillaeT YCTaHOBKe HanpaBJIHIOIl{eH JIHHeHKH. B nOM
C.1yqae npl:lMeHHeTcH peHKa, YKa3aHHaSl Ha pHC. 105, 6. JIanKa .nOJI>K-
HH I' 1ln n
OJ
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PHC. 105. CxeMa ABHraTeneii TKaHH H nanOK
H8 HMeTb I111:lpHHY, COOTBeTCTBYIOmyIO llIHpHHe peiiKH. )J.JIH .n:Byxl:lrOJIb-
HbIX MallJlIH npH He60JIbillOM paC'CTOSlHHH Me>K.ny Hr JI8MH npl:lMeHHeTCSl
pei'IK8, YKa321HHaSl Ha pHC. 105, 8, a npH 60JIbillOM paccToHHHH Me>K.n:y
HrJI8MH - pei'IKa cpOpMbI, YKa3aHHoi'I Ha pHC. 105, Z.
133

OTMe4aH 60JlblllOe BJlHHHHe, KOTOpOe OKa3bTBaeT nepCMelll.ellHe Ma-
TepHaJla Ha KaqeCI'BO CTC>KKa, Heo6XOAHMO co6J110.u.aTb cJle.n:YlOlllHe YC-
JIOBHH pa60Tbl JlanKH H peHKH:
JIanKa AOJl}[(Ha JIO>KHTbCH CBoeH nJIOCKOCTblO Ha Bce pH.n: bI 3y6be!l
peHKH; eCJTU MaTepHaJI 6y.n.eT npH>KUMaTbCH K JIanKe TOJIbKO O.n: HH !"
pH.n: OM 3y6beB peHKH, T e. B CJIY4ae nepeKoca nJIOCKOCTH JIanKH H peH-
KH, CTp04Ka Ha1JHeT C60PHTb MaTepHaJI H, KpOMe Toro,u MaTepHaJI CTa-
HeT nepeMell\aTbCH He no npHMofl JIHHlUl, a no KpUBOH HJIH no Ayre
OKPY>KHOCTH;
C3a1I.H HrJIbI (CTP01JKH) 06H3aTeJIbHO .n:OJI>KeH 6bITb O.n.HH 'PH.n: 3y6b-
eB (KaK YKa3aHO Ha peHKax pHC. 105) BO H36e>KaHHe ro<ppHpoBaHHH
(c6opeHHH) MaTepHaJIOB.
<1>opMa JIanKH OKa3bIBaeT TaK>Ke 60JIbIIIOe BJIHHHHe Ha Ka'-leCTBO
BbmOJIHHeMOH CTp01JKH. Ha pHC. 105, a nqKa3aHa HaH60JIee pacnpOCT-
paHeHHaH <popMa JIanOK, pa60TaIOIUHX C peHKaMH THna YKa3aHHbIX Ha
puc. 105, a. 6. 8. Z. B MaUlHHax, BbInOJIHHIOIUHX uenHble CTp01JKH, Ha-
npHMep Kpae06MeT01JHbIX, JIanKa HMee-r ,cneUHaJIbHblH naJIeu 1 (pHC.
105, e), Ha KOTOpbIH JIO>K]{T,CH BepxHHH HHTKa npu 06pa30BaHuH C're>K-
Ka, H B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT UlHpHHbI naJIbua nOJIY1JaeTCH CooTBeT'CTBYIO-
IUaH UlHpHHa UlBa. B pacnOUlHBaJIbHbIX MaUlHHax npHMeHHeTcH JIanKa,
YKa3aHHaH Ha pac. 105, . 3Ta JIanKa no 60KaM HMeeT no.n.npY>KH-
HeHHble BKJIa.n:bIUlH 2 H 3, KOTopbIe 06e,cne1JHBaIOT npH>KHM MaTepHaJIa
pa3HoH TOJIlllHHbI.
vb H3JIO>KeHHOrO 'BH,lLHO, 1JTO ,lI.JIH 60JIbUlHHCTBa MaUlHH HopMaJIb-
HorO nma (HCKJII01JaH CJIY'-laH 6ecnoca.n:01JHOrO UlBa) nepeMeru eHHe
MaTepHaJIa .n.OJI>KHO 6bITb Tor,lI.a, Kor.n:a HrJIa Haxo.n:HTCH BHe MaTepHa-
JIa. B npoTHBHOM cJIY'-lae .n:BH>KYlllHHCH MaTepHaJI 6y.n. eT H3rH6aTb HrJIY
'B -CTOPOHY H MO>KeT CJIOMaTb ee.
B nOJIyaBToMaTax .n:JIH CTa1JHBaHHH MaH>KeT, BOpOTHHKOB My>KCKHX
cOp01JeK H .n.p. CTpO'l'Ka BbIITOJIHHe1\CH no KpaIO 3arOTOBKH. nOCKOJIbKY
mar .CTp01JKH cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60JIbUlOH, TO HOpMaJIbHaH pa60Ta 1irJIbI
B 9THX 'CJIY1JaHX 06ecne1JHBael'CH H npu HenpepbTBHOM nepeMellleHHH
MaTepHaJIa.
DpH paCCMOTpeHHH npHHuHnOB pa60Tbl Mexa'HH3MOB MO>KHO Ta,K>Ke
C,lI.eJIaTb 3aKJII04eHHe, 1JTO MexaHH3M TpaHcnopTepa pee1J'Iloro THna
.n:OJI>KeH co06111aTb CBH3aHHOMY C HHM .n.BHraTeJIIO TKaUH (peHKe) .n:Ba
.n:BH>KeHHH: OCHoBHoe .n.BH>KeHHe B HanpaBJIeHHH nepeMellleHHH MaTe-
pHaJIa H .n:06aBO'lHOe .n:BH>Ke'HHe BBepx H BHH3, TaK Ha3bIBaeMoe .n:BH-
>KeHHe no.n:'beMa. BeJIH'-IHHa xo.n:a 1I.BHraTeJIH TKaHH B HanpaBJIeHHH ne-
peMell.leHHH MaTepHaJIa, onpe.n:eJIHIOll.laH .n.JIHHY ,CTe>KKa HJIH '-IaCToTY
CTp01JKH, .lI.OJI>KHa JIerKO perYJIHpOBaTbCH, a .lI.BH>KeHUe no.n.'beMa, KaK
npaBHJIO, oCTaeTcH BCer1I.a nocToHHHbIM.
Y MHorHx UlBellHbIX MaUlHH peflKa 5 (pHC. 106, a) Henocpe.n:cTBeH-
HO KpenuTcH K pbI1Jary 4. JIeBbli'I KOHeu pbl'-lara UlapHHpoM 3 3aKpen-
JIeH Ha KOpOMblCJIe 2 BaJIa no.n:a1JH 1 BaJI no.n:a1JH nOJIY1JaeT Ka1JaTeJIb-
Hoe .n:BH}[(eHHe: UlapHup 3. a BMecTe CHUM H pbl1Jar 4 C peflKoH nOJIY-
1JaIOT ropH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMeru eHHe .
DpaBbIIl KOHeu pbI1Jara 4 OKaH4HBael'CH BHJIKOH, 3eB KOTOpOH ox-
BaTbIBaeT pOJIHK 6 (HJIH KaMeHb), 3aKpenJIeHHbIH Ha KOPOMbl'CJIe 7 BaJIa
134
no.n:'beMa B. BaJl no.n:'beMa TO>Ke nOJIY1JaeT Ka4aTeJIb'HOe .n:BH>KeIlUe JJ
1Jepe3 POJIUK 6 co06ruaeT BepTHKaJIbHOe nepeMellleHHe peflf:e 5.
DpH C01JeTaHHH .n:BYx .n:BU}[(eHHH 3y6bH peilKH OnHCbIBJ!O. rpat.'KTo-
pHH THna, YKa3aHHoro Ha pHC. 106, 6, r.n:e nOKa3aHO 12 no.TJO>KeHHH
3y6a pei'iKH. HaqaJIbHOe TIOJIO>KeHHe cooTBeTcTByeT KpafIHeMY HH>KHe-
MY nOJIO>KeHHIO HrJIbI.
OJ
8 7 6
9--.5
_ 10":"- _ ,,OCKocmb UZOIIbHOU
_ . n/lGCmUHbl
11 -. - 3 ',. ,
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0)
OJ
PHC. t 06. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma peHKH:
a-c l(ynHcHbiM na30M; 6-Tpael(TOpllJl 3y6a peAKH; 8-C coeJJ.HHH'renbHbIM
3BeHOM
KOHueBbIe yqaCTKH KpliBOH (B TOqKaX 5 H 9) no.n:HUMaIOT'CH OTJIOrO,
H3-3a qero qaCTb npo.n:OJIbHOrO nepeMell\eHHH peHKH He npOH3Bo.n: HT
nepeMerueHHH TKaHH.
B HeKOTopblX THXOXO.n:HbIX MaUlHHax B MexaHU3M BaJIa no.n:'beMa
BBO.n:HTCH TpexueHTpOBblH KYJIa1JOK, OXBaTbIBaeMbIH 3eBOM BHJIKH. 3TOT
KYJIa1JOK 06eCne1JHBaeT Bbl'CTOH pOJIHKa 6 npH BepXHeM nOJIO>KeHliH,
6JIaro.n. a pH 1JeMY KOHueBble Y1JaCTKH KpHBOH TpaeKTopHH peHKH CTaHO-
BHTCH KPYTbIMH. O.n.HaKo npHMeHeHHe TpexueHTpoBoro KyJIa1JKa H BHJI-
KH .n:onycTuMo JIHUlb B THXOXO.n:HbIX MaUlHHax.
B nOCJIe.n:HHX KOHCTPYKUHHX MaUlHH pOJIHK H 3eB BIiJIKH 3aMeHeHbI
coe1I.UHIITeJIbHbEvl 3BeHOM 10 (puc. 106, B), 6JIaro.n:apH 1JeMY npH nepe-
MellleHlIll pbl1Jara 4 B Kpalmee JIeBOe nOJIO>KeHHe lllapHHp 9, nepeMe-
lllaHCb no .n:yre, ..'I.OnOJIHHTeJIbHO no.n:HHMaeTCH BBepx. TpaeKTopHH Ha
KOHueBbiX Y1JaCTKaX pa601Jero xo.n:a peHKH CTaHOBHTCH KpY1Je. KpoMe
Toro, H3HOC UlapHHpoB coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 10 MeHbUle, lIeM po-
JIHKa H 3eBa BHJIKII.
nepeMellleHHe MaTepHaJIa .n:OJI>KHO 3aKOH1JHTbCH nOCJIe TOro, KaK
HHTenpHTHrHBaTe.'lb 3aTHHeT CTe>KO, B npoTHBHOM CJIY1Jae He3aTHHY-
TblH CTe>KOK MO>KeT OKa3aTbCH 3a>KaTbIM JIamWH Me>K.!I.Y MaTepHaJIOM
135

If IfrOJIbHOH nJIaCnlllOrl, 11 HI1TenpllT5IrJIBaTeJIb lIe CMo}KeT 3anIHYTb
CTe>KOK. nOJlY'1l1TCH lIe3aT5IHYTaSl JI.e$eKTHaSl CTpO'-lKa. 003TOMY pa60-
Ta MexaH1I3Ma nepeMelll.eHlISI M3TepH8JIa 1I.OJI>KHa 6bITb CTporo cor.l:.1-
COBa'Ha C pa60TOH .n:P) nix MexaH1I3MOB MalllllHbI, B nepBYIO O'1epe1I. b
C MexaHH3MO:V1 IIr.'lbl Ii MeXaHl-l3MOM HI-ITenpllTHrllBaTeJIH.
PaCCMOTpUM Tcnepb YCTPOIICTBO Ha1l60JIce Tl-IllIlLJHbIX :\leXaH1-I31\1OB
nepeMelll.eHUH MaTepl-laJIOB.
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18 17 16 l'i '"
3
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I
ueHTpHK 33 c006maeT .n:UH>KeHl-le BaJlY n 0.'1. a '11-1, .n:pyroll 2 - BallY
nO:I.'bel3. 31'1-1 .n:Ba 3KCUeHTpl-lKa coe.n:HHeHbl B o.n:HY 06ll1.YlO .n:eTaJIb.
3a.n:HI1H 3KcueHTpHK 2 OXBaTbrBaeTCH BepXHell ro.'loBKOII lllaTYHa 5.
WaTYH llJapHIlpHbl:V1 BIIHTOM 13 coe.n:I-IHeH C OTpOqKOM (BbInOJlHH10lll.I-IM
pO.1b KOpOMbICJIa) BaJIa no.n:'beMa. Bpalll.aTe,'lbHOe .'I.BU>KeHl-le r JIaBHOrO
ua.la C nOMombIO 3KCueHTpl-lKa 2, llJaTYHa 5 1-1 KOpOMbICJIa npe06pa3Y-
eTCH B He06xo.n:HMoe Ka4aTeJIbHOe .n:BII>KeHHe BaJIa nO.lI.'beMa. ho
.n:BH>KeHlIe I10CT05lHHOe If He perYJIHpyeTCH.
o pH Bpalll.eHI-IH r JIaBHOrO BaJIa 3KCUeIITpl-lK 33 nepeMelll.aeT pO>KKI-I
BiI.1KIf 4 BnpaBo 1-1 BlleBO OT OClI rJIaBHOrO BaJIa.
ECJIII 6bI He Tpe60BaJ10Cb perYJIHpOBKI-I .n:JII-IHbI CTe}KKa, TO nOCTO-
HHHoe nOBopOTHoe .n:BJ-I}KeHl-le BaJIY no.n:a'HI MO>KHO 6bI.'l0 6bI TaK>Ke
nepe.n:aTb '-Iepe3 3KcueHTpHK, llJaTYH If KOpOMbIC.l0.
Ho 01' MeXaHI-I3Ma Tpe6yeTcH perYJll-lpOBKa llJara CTpOIIKI-I, 1-1 no-
3T0:\1Y YlE'Xap.1I3M HMeeT CJle1I.YlOllI.ee YCTpOifc1'BO. BeAYllI.HM 3BeHOM
HB.1HeTCH nepe.'l.HHil 3KcueHTpuK 33, 3aKpenJIeHHblii Ha r JIaBHOM BaJIY
MalllHHbl. BH.'lKa 4 CBOI-IMU pO>KKaMI-I OXBaTbIBaeT npO:\le>KYTOLJH)"1O 1I.e-
Ta.1b - MaHiKeTKY 3, Ha.n:eTYIO Ha 3KCII.eHTpHK. Opl-l pa60Te MeXaHI-I3-
Ma pO>KKI-I BU..1KII CI<Ollb3HT no 60KOBbiM HanpaBJIHlOlll.HM cTopoHaM
MaHiKeTKlI.
EC,lII 6bI He 6bIJIO MaHiKeT'KH, TO BI-IJIKa 1-1 3KCUeHTpl-lK COnpl-lKaCa-
JIHC;> OLI 1'O..1bKO no .1IIHlIHM (06pa3YlOllI.UM 3KcueHTpnKa), LJTO npl-lBe-
JIO ObI K 6blCTPOMY 1-131l0CY 3Kcu.eHTpIfKa 1-1 pO>KKOB BI-IJIKH.
HmKHHq rOJIOBKa BH..1I{II llJapHHpHblM BHHTOM coe.n:HHeHa C KOpO-
MblCJlOYI 16, 3aKpen.1eHHblM BHHTOM 17 Ha BaJlY no.n:aLJII. OKOJ10 P0>I(-
KOB BHJIKI-I KOHHLJeCKHM llJapHl-lp'HblM BI-IHTOM 9 1-1 rallKOH npHKpen..leHO
COe.1.I-IHTeJlbHOe 3'BeHO 11. 31'0 3BeHO coe.n:IIHeHO llJapHl-lpOM 35 co
Cpe!I.Hell lJaCTblO pblLJara 7 perYJlHTOpa CTpOLJKII.
PblLJar 7 lllapHl-lpHblM BHHTOM 6 npl-lKpenJIeH K PYKaBY MallJl-IHbl.
B 3eB BH.1KI-I pbI'lara 7 BX0Jl.I-IT pOJII-IK 8 pbILJara 12 nepeKJIIOLJeHHH
nO.1.aLJI-I.
B Cpe1I.Hell 'laCTH pbI'lar 12 npl-lKpenJICH llJapHl-lpHbI:\1 BI-IHTOM 15
K PYKaBY MallJl-IHbl. BTOpoe HapYiKHoe nJIe'lO pblLJara 12 'lepe3 na3
pYKaBa MallJl-IHbI BbIXO.n:I-IT HapYiKY. Ha BTYJIKY pbILJara lIa.n:eTa CI-IJIb-
lIaH npY>I<I-IHa 14, KOTopaH C1'peMIfT.CH nOBepHYib pblLJar 12 npOTI-IB
'laCOBOH CTpeJIKH.
BI-IIIT perYJlHTOpa 10 CBOHM KOHIfLJeOKUM XBOCTOBI-IKOM ynl-lpaeTCH
B BblCTyn 9 pbI'Iara 7 1-1 CPI-IKCupyeT llJapHl-lp 35 B onpe.n:e.1eHHOM no-
JIOiKeHIIH. 01' nOJIO>KeHI-IH lllapHl-lpa 35 6y.n:eT 3aBHceTb yrOJI K3'lall1-lH
Ba.1a nO,'I.a lliI , a CJIe.n:OBaTe.'lbllO, 1-1 lllar C1'pO'lKII.
CxeMa pa60ibI MexaHII3Ma npl-lBe.n:eHa Ha plfC. 108, a, 6, B.
ECJIII HapY>I<HOe n.leLJO pbI'lara 12 (CM. pM-c. 107) onYCTHTb BHlI3,
TO pO.lK 8 nOBepHeT pbLJar 7 npOTI-IB LJaCOBOIl 'CTpeJIKI-I OTHOCI-ITe..lbHO
BllHTa (j TaK, LJTO HHiKHHH BblCTyn 34 ynpe1'CH B XBOCTOBHK BI-IHTa pery-
JISlTOpa 10. WapHHp 35 CMeCTI-ITCH BnpaBO 01' BepTHKaJlI-I (CM. n031-1Ul-110
.1 Ha pH-c. 108, 6), If peiiKa 6y.n:eT 'HMeTb pa60LJee nepeMelll.eHl-le B 06-
paTHYIO CTOPOHY (06paTHaH no.n:aLJa).
ECJIH BHIIT pery..1HTopa BBepHYTb Ha,CTOJIbKO, LJTO lllapHl-lp 3 6y.n:eT
pacnoJ1araTbcH Ha OCII BHJIKI-I (CM. pIfC. 108,8), TO llJapHl-lp 1 BJfJIKI-I
137
2, YCTpoikTBO MexaHH3MOB
MexaHlf3M peHKH MaWltHbl 22-A KJIaeea (pHC. 107). KaK YKa3bIBa-
JIOCb paHee, OCHOBHafI .n:eTaJIb MeXaHI-I3Ma - peHKa 22 nOJIY'laeT 1I.Ba
.n:BlIiKeIIlffI: npo.n:OJIbHOe nepeMemeHl-le OT pa60TalOllI.erO 1-1 Ha Hero 1-1
BepTI-IKaJIbHOe nepeMelll.eHHe BBepx II BHIf3. PeHKaKpemITCH 1I. B )":\IH
32 
31'
30............
'29
28
PHe. 107. MexaHH3M PCiiKH MaWHHbI 22-A Knaeea
BIIHTaMI-I K pbI'lary 24 1-1 nOJIYLJaeT BMeCTe C 3TH:l1 pblLJ3rOM OT .n:BYx
Y3JIOB MeXaH1-I3:\la COOTBeTCTBYIOllI.lle 1I.Bl-liKeHIIH. PbILJar pei'um Ha ne-
pe.n:HeM KOHue I1:\leeT BIIJIKY, B KOT-opylO BXO.n:I-IT pO.'lliK 19 nepe.1.Hero
KOpoMbIc.na 21, 3aKpen..1eHHblH CTHrI-lBaIOllJ.I-IM BIIHTO:\I 20 lIa BaJIY no.n:'b-
eMa 18. 3a.n:lluil KOHeu. pblLJara 1I.UYMH U.eHTpOBbIMH 'BUHTaMH 26 C KOHTp-
raflKaMII 3aKpen.1eH n npoywHHax BaJla no.n:aLJU 25.
Ba.TI no.n:aLJH 1-1 Ba.'l no.n:'beMa no.1YLJa1OT 01' MeXaHI-I3Ma B03BpaTHO-
nOBopOTHble .n:BII>I(eHI-IH. OpH 'COLJeT3HHI-I 3TH X .n:B)"X .n:BII>KeHl-lii 3YObH
peHKI-I .n:Bl-lralOl1CH no 3aMKHFoH lllaTYHHoil KpIfBOH (eM. pl-lc. 94, 6).
Opl-l nOMOlll.H MeXaHI-I3Ma peHKI-I Bpalll.eHl-le rJIaBHOrO BaJIa npe06-
pa3)"eTcH B B03BpaTHo-noBopoTHble .n:BI-I}KeHIfH YKa3aHHblx ;I.BYX BaJlOB:
nO!1.aLJI-I 1-1 n01].'beMa. Be,'I.YllI.I-IMI-I 3BeHbHMI-I MeXaHI-I3Ma, 3aKpenJIeHHbDHI
Ha rJlaBHOM BaJIy 1 Mallll-lHbl, HBJIHIOTCH .n:Ba 3KCu.eHTpI-lKa: O.n:I-IH 3KC-
136

6y.n:eT nepeMemaTbCH nO'-lTH rOpH30HTaJIbHO: pei1Ka npO.n:OJIbHOrO nepe-
MemeHl-IH He nOJIY'-IHT
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT yrJIa HaKJIOHa coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 2 KOCH
BHJIKH (T e. B 3aBH,CHMOCTH OT nOJIO>KeHHH llla-pHHpa 3) rnapHHp 1
BHJIKH, a CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, H caMa BHJIKa nOJIY'-IaIOT eme 1J BepTHKaJIb-
Hoe nepeMemeHHe, paBHoe h (eM. pHC. 108, a, 6)
ho BepTHKaJIbHOe nepeMemeHHe BHJIKH npe06pa3)"cTcH B nOBopOT-
Hoe .lI:BH>KeHHe KOpOMbICJIa BaJIa no.n:a'-lH 4. 4eM 60JIbllle 6y.n:eT BeJIH-
'-IHHa h, TeM 60JIbllle 6y.n:eT lllar
CTpO'-lKH.
MalllHHa [[MeeT lllapHHpHYIO
JIanKY 23 (CM. pHC. 107), KOTopaH
KpenHTcH BHHTOM K CTep>KHIO 27
CTep>KeHb npoxo!l.lfT '-Iepe3 HH>K-
HIOIO HanpaBJIHlOmylO pYKaBa H B
oTBepcTHH BHHTa 32. Ha CTep>KHe
BHHTOM 3aKpCnJIeH .n:ep>KaTCJIb 29.
Me>K1I.Y BHHTOM 32 H .n:ep>KaTeJICM
Ha CTep>KCHb Ha1I.eTa CnHpaJIbHaH
npY>KHHa 31 3BeHo 30 coe.n:HHHeT
.n:ep>KaTeJIb npY>KHHbI C pbI'-IarOM
KOJIeHHOrO no.n:'beMa JIanKH. C60KY
3aKpenJIeH pbI'-Iar 28 .n:JIH PY'-IHoro
no.n:'beMa JIanKH.
Per y JI II P 0 B K a M ex aH H 3-
M a. BeJIH'-IHHa no.n:'beMa 3y6beB
perynHTopa
peHKH Ha.n: nJIOCKOCTblO HrOJIbHOH
nJIaCTHH perYJIHpyeTcH nOBOpo-
TOM nepe.n:Hero KOpOMbICJIa 21 Ha
BaJIY no.n:'beMa,
.lI.JIH perYJIHpOBKH He06xo.n:HMO OCJIa6HTb BHHT 20 H nOBepHYTb
KOpOMbI'CJIO 21 no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJIKe (.n:JIH YBeJIH'-IeHHH no.n:'beMa 3y6beB
peHKH) HJIH npoTHB '-Ia-COBOH CTpeJIKH (.n:JIH YMeHblllC'HHH no.n:'beMa)
nOcJIe perYJIHpOBKH BHHT 20 He06xo.n:HMO 3aKpemnb. War CTpO'-lKH
perYJIHpYe1"CH nOBopoTOM BHHTa perYJIHTOpa 10. ECJIH BHHT 10 BbIBep-
HYTb, TO era XBOCTOBHK OTOH.n:eT OT BbIcTyna 34 pbI'-Iara 7, H 3TOT p-
'-Iar no.n: .n:eH'cTBHeM npY>KHHbl 14 '-Iepe3 pbl'-lar 12 H pOJIHK 8 nOBepHeT-
CH no '-IaCOBOH eTpeJIKe: lllapHHp 35 'CMeCTHTCH BJIeBO, lllar CTpO'-lK1J
YBeJIH'-II1TcH. £.CJIH BHHT 10 BBepHYTb, lllar CTpO'-lKH YMeHblllHTcH.
.lI.aB.'leHI1e JIanKH Ha MaTepHaJI perYJIHpyeTcH BI1HTO:vI 32. .lI.JIH
YBeJIH'-IeHHH .n:aBJICHHH JIanKH BHHT He06xo.n:HMO BBepTblBaTb, AJIH
YMeHbllleHHH - BbI'BepTbIBaTb.
MOMeHT nepeMemeHI1H MaTepHaJIa .n:OJI>KeH 6bITb 'cOrJIaCOBaH C ne-
peMeweHHeM Hr JIbI, 3TO .n:OCTHraeTCH cooTBeTcrnYlomeH YCTaHoBKoiJ
3KCu.eI-lTpHKa 2 Ha r JIa.BHOM BaJIY MalllHHbI.
KaK yKa3bI-BaJIOCb paHee, .n:JIH nOJIY'-IeHHH xopOllleH 3aTH>KKH ,CTe>K-
Ka He06xo.n:HMO YCTa'HaBJIHBaTb 3KCu.eHTpHK 2 Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY Tax,
'-IT06bl no.n:a'-la 38'KaH'-IHBaJI8-Cb KaK MO>KHO n03>Ke, T e. Kor.n:a OCTpHe
HrJIbI no.n:OH.n:eT 'K MaTepHaJIY.
138
Lj
lJ
P
6)
--...
0)
oj
PHe, 108. CxeMa pa60Tbi
llIara CTPOqKH:
a-npliMali nO,!l.a'la: 6-o6paTHali nOJ!:II'Ia: B-
nona'la OTCYTCTByeT
MexaHH3M peHKH MarnHHbI 252-ro KJIaCCa, MalllHHa HMeeT KOM6H-
HHpoBaHHYIO no.n:a'-lY MaTepHaJIa, ocymeCTBJIHeMYIO peHKoH H .n:BYMH
HrJIaMH, .n:BII>KymHMHcH BMeCTe C HeiL YCTpOHCTBO MexaHH3Ma HrJIbl
paccMoTpeHo paHee (CM. pHC. 22).
MexaHH3M peHKH HMeeT CJIe.n:YlOmee YCTPOHCTBO (pHC. 109)
PeHKa 15, 3aKpenJIeHHaH Ha pbI'-Iare 14, HMeeT TaK >Ke, KaK H B
.n:pyrHx MalllHHax, .n:Ba .n:BH>KeHHH, KOTopbIe OHa nOJIY'-laeT OT HH>KHerO
BaJIa 1 HH>KHI1H BaJI BpamaeTcH C TOH >Ke yr JIOBOH CKOpOCTblO, '-ITO
M rJI8'BHbIH BaJI Mallll1'HbI.
//
i.
2
10
?J
PHe. 109. MexaHK3M peHKH MalllHHbI 252-ro Knacea
J
Ha BaJIY 1 3aK'penJIeH 3WCU.eHTPHK 9, KOTOpblH OXBaTbfBaeTCH ro-
JIOBKOH lllaTYHa 7 (e HraJIb'-laTbIM no.n:lllHnHHKOM) WaTYH lllapHH-pHO
coe.n:HHeH 'C KOpOMbICJIOM 8, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Ha BaJIY no.n:'beMa 10. Ha
ftepc.n.HeM KOHu.e BaJIa no.n:'beMa 3aKpenJIeHO KOpOMbI'CJIO II, CBH3aH'HOe
BelIOM 13 C pbI'-IarOM 14 peHKH.
OT 3KCu.eHTpHKa 9 l.Jepe3 lllaTYH 7, KOpOMbICJIO 8 H .n:pyrHe ncpe-
4HCJIeHHbIe .n:eTaJIH peHKa nOJIY'-IaeT BepTHKaJIbHOe nepeMemeHHe.
npO.n:OJIbHOe ncpCMCmCH'HC peHKa nOJIYIJaeT OT 3K'CU.cHTpHKa 2, 3a-
l<pCnJIeHHOrO Ha HH>KHCM BaJIY 1 '-IepC3 .n:eTaJIH, HMClomHC CJIc.n:Ylomec
YCTPOH'CTBO.
Ha 3Kcu.eHTpHK 2 Ha.n:eTa MaH>KCTKa 3, KOTopaH OXBaTbfBaCTCH BHJI-
KOH pbI'-Iara 4. l.J.HJIHH.n:pH'-ICCKHH BbIcTyn 29 rOJIOBKH pbI'-Iara BXO.n:HT B
oTBepcTHc nOJI3YHa 5, KOTOpbIH CBOHMH BbICTynaMH OXBaTbIBaCT 'Ha-
npaBJIHlomylO 6. nepe.n:HHH rOJIOBKa pbI'-Iara 4 coe.n:HHCHa C KOpOMbIC-
JIOM 21 BaJIa no.n:a'-lH 17, Ha ncpc.n:HcM KOHU.C KOToporo 3aKpCnJICHO
KOpOMbICJIO 16, lllapHHpHo .cOC.n:HHCHHOC C pbI'-IarOM 14 pCHKH.
XBOCTOBHK HanpaBJIHlOmCH 6 'BXO.n:HT B rHe3.n:0 nJIaT<}JopMbI, a HH>K-
Hec nJIC'-IO '-IepC3 THry 18 H KOpOMbI'CJIO 20 COC.n:HHCHO 'c BaJIOM 22 pC'-
rYJIHTOpa iliara CTpOIJKH. BaJI, IB CBOID oIJepe.n:b, IJepe3 KOpOMbICJIO 23
139

H THry 24 coe.n:HHeH C pbllIaroM 28 PYKOHTKH 25. CIIJIbHaH npY)KIIHa 19
CTpeMHTcH nOBepHYTb HanpaBJIHlOmylO 6 npOTHB '-IaCOBOIl CTpeJiKti II
npH)KHMaeT PYKOHTKY 25 K BepxHeii lIaCTH nJiaCTIIHbI 27, 3aKpenJIeH-
HOft Ha pYKaBe MalllHHbI.
War 'CTpOllKH perYJIHpyeTcH H3MeHeHI-IeM yrJIa HaKJIOHa HanpaB-
JIHlOmeH 6 K BepnIKaJI1-1. 4eM 60JIbllle yrOJI H3KJIOHa K BepTHKaJIH, Te1
60JIbllle npo.n:OJIbHOe nepeMemeHHe peHKII. JI..1H YBeJIHlIeHHH lllara
CTpOllKH He06xo.n:HMO 01'BepHYTb raHKY 26 perY.1HTopa; npH 3TOM rafl-
Ka OTXO.n:HT 01' nJiaCTHHbI 27, a npY)KIrHa 19 LJCpe3 pbIlIarII H THry 2-1
no.n:HHMaeT PYKOHTKY 25 BBepx no na3Y nJia-CTllHbI 27. Tron HaK.10Ha
HanpaBJIHlOmeA 6 K BepTHKaJII-I YBeJIHlIHBaeTcH.
DpH nepeMemeHHH PYKOHTKH 25 BHH3 11.0 ynopa B na3"Y nJiaCTHHbl
27 THra 24 nepeMecTHTcH BHH3, nOBepHeT KopOMbIeJIO 23, Ba.'l 22 II KO-
pOMbJ.CJIO 20 no lIaCOBOH CTpeJIKe, a LJepe3 THry 18 nOBepHeT HanpaB-
JIHlOmYlO 6 TO)Ke no lIaCOBOH CTpeJiKe. HanpaB,1JHlOmaH 6 nOBepHeTcH
BnpaBo 01' BepTHKaJIH, H MexaHII3M 6Y1l.eT nepeMemaTb l\laTepHaJi B 06-
paTHoM HanpaBJIeHIIH, l' e. Ha pa60Talom ero .
BeJIHLJHHa no.n:'beMa (BbIxo.n:a) 3y6beB peHKH Ha.n: n.'lOCKOCTblO HrOol1b-
HOII nJIa'CTHHbI perYJIHPYeTcH nOBopoTOM KOpOMbIc.'la 11 Ha BaJIY no1l.'b-
eMa. JI.JIH perYJIHpOBaHHH He06xo.n:HMO OCJIa6HTb BHHT 12 II nOJ,HHTb
HJIli onycTHTb peHKY BMeCTe C pblllaroM 11. DocJIe perYJIUpOBKII BIIHT
He06xo.n:HMO 3aKpenHTb.
J1anKa HMeeT 06bIlIHoe YCTPOIICl'BO. JI.aB.1JeHHe JIanKH Ha .MaTepHa,l
perYJIHpyeT,cH C nOMOmblO BHHTa.
Cor JIaCOBaHHOCTb npo.n:OJIbHOrO H nOnepe'-lHOrO nepeMeIIJ.eHHH pefl-
KH, a TaK)Ke MOMeHTa nepeMemeHHH MaTepHaJla .J.OCTHraeTCH COOT-
neTcTBYlOmeH )"CTaHoBKoii 3I{Cu.eHTpHKoB 2 H 9 Ha HH)KHeM Ba.'lY 1.
CpaBIIHBaH YCTpoflCTBO MexaHH3MOB peHKH MalllHH 22-1\ H 252-ro
KJIaeCOB, MO)KHO OTMeTHTb, liTO Be.lI.ymHe 3BeHbH (3KcueHTpliKH ) !II ex a-
HH3Ma peHKH MalllllHbI 252-ro KJIaCCa 3aKpenJIeHbI Ha HH}[o,.HeM Ba.'Iy,
KOTOpbIH BpamaeTCH 'C o.lI.HHaKoBolf 'CKOpOCTblO C rJIaBHbIM BaJiml.
JI.JiUHa 3BeHbeB 3HallHTeJIbHO YMeHbllleHa, liTO OlleHb Ba)KHO .n:JIH 6bICT-
pOXO.n:HbIX MalllHH.
MexaHH3M BepXHero .n:BHraTeJIH TKaHH MalllHHbI 47-ro K.'laCCa nM3,
ECTb onpe.iI.eJIeHHbIe pa60TbI (HanpHMep, npH ClllHBaHHH npope3UHeH-
HbIX MaTepHa.'lOB). .lI.JIH KOTOpblX YCTPOHCTBO npOCTOH 6ecnoca.n:OLJHOfl
n01l.aLJlI OKa3bIBaeTCH He.n:OCTaTOllIIbIM. CHJIa TpeHHH Me>I{.n:y JIanKOM H
MilTepHa.10M HaCTO.1JbKO BeJIHKa, liTO 3y6bH pefIKH npOCKaJIb3blBalOT H
He MorYT nepeMeCTlfTb MaTepH3JI. TaKHM 06pa30M, B03HHKaeT He06-
XOJI.HMOCTb BBe.n:eHIm BToporo .n:ono.'lIIHTCJIbHOrO, TaK Ha3blBaeMoro
«BepxHero» .n:BHraTeJIH TKaHH. POb TaKoro BepXHero BHraTeJIH Bbl-
nO.'lHHeT no.n:BH>KHaH 3y611aTaH JIanKa, oCHa6)KeHlIaH 3y6bHMH Ha HH)K-
HeH nOBepXHoCTH, KOTOpOM OHa npU)KHMaeT MaTepHaJi K Hro.1JbHOH n.1a-
cTime.
ha BepXHHH 3y611aTaH JIanKa B npou.ecce nO.'laLJH, eCTeCTBeHHO,
.n:OJI)KHa nepeMemaTbCH B TOM )Ke HanpaB.'leHHH, C TOM )Ke 'CKOpOCTblO
H Ha TY )Ke BeJIH'-IHHY, KaK H OCHOBHOM «HH)KHHH» .n:BHraTeJIb TKaHH,
o.n:HoBpeMeHHo HallHHaH H KOH'-IaH CBoe .n:BII)KeHHe.
Kor.n:a HH)KHHii .n:BHraTeJIb TKaHH, OKOHlIHB npOJ,BH)KeHHe H on) c-
140
THBlllHCb no.n: Hro.1JbHYIO nJiaCTHHY, .n:BH)KeTCH 06paTHo, BXOJIOCTyIO, K
eBoeMY HCXO}I.HOMY nOJIO)KeHHIO, B 31'0 BpeMH BepXHUM .n:BHraTeJIb .n:OJI-
)KeH OTopBaTbCH 01' MaTepHaJia H B npIIno.n:HHTOM nO.'lO/KeUHH B03Bpa-
maTbCH 06paTHO K CBoeMY HallaJIbHOMY nOJIO)KeHHlO.
TaKaH KOIICTPYKUHH ocymeCTBJIeHa (pHC. 110) B MalllHHe 47-ro
KJIaCCa DM3 .n:JIH lllHTbH 3arOTOBOK «<}JOpMOBbIX» pe3HHoBbIX canor
,.
"
PIIC. 110. MCX311113M DcpXHcro ]l.Bllr3TCnH TKaHII MaUlllllbl 4i-ro
Knacca
(MexaHH3Mbl n01l.06HOrO THna ucno.'lb3YIOTCH B MalllHHax 202, 206,
462-ro KJIaC'COB DM3). CxeMa pa60TbI MexaHH3Ma nOKa3aHa Ha pHC.
111, a, 6. 3aroToBKH onpe.n:eJIeHHOrO paCKpml H3 CneUHaJIbHOH npope-
3HHeHHOlJ TKaHH 'ClllIIBaIOTCH Ha MalllHHe «6ecnoca.n:0 ' I'HbIM» WBOM B .n:Be
rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIe CTpOLJKH.
JI.JIH 06ecnelleHUH Ha.n:e)KHOfl nO!l.allH TaKoro MaTepHaJia H .lI.JIH no-
.1YlleHHH CB0601I.HOrO 01' HanpH>KeHHII lllBa 31.eCb npHMeHeHa KOM6HHH-
pOBaHHaH no.n:alla: .n:BYXpO)KKOBOii 3)'611aTOM JIanKOM, HB.1JHlOllleiicSJ
BepXHHM .n:BIIraTeJIeM TKaHH, HH)KHUM OCHOBHLIM .lI.BHraTCJICM TKaHH
141

H .n:BH)KYIIJ.HMHCH B HanpaBJIeHHH nO.ll.a'-lH HfJI8'MH. K:3K H B M3111HHe
oecnoca.n:oll'HOrO 'UIBa (252-ro KJIaC-ca DM3), 3.n:eCb HMeeTCH KallalO-
IIJ.aHCH paMKa, B KOTOpOH .n:JIH 06eCnelleHHH KOMnaKTHOH KOHCTPYKUHH
nepeMeIIJ.alO'f1CH KaK CTep)KeHb BepXHerO ,lI.BHraTeJIH TKaHH, TaK H HrJIO-
IW.n:HTeJIb.
DepeMeIIJ.eHHe MaTepHaJIa npOHCXO.n:HT 3a TY lIaCTb OOOpOTa, KOrll.a
Hr.'lbI HaXO.n:H'f1CH B MaTepHaJIe, H npeKpaIIJ.aeTCH TOr.n:a, KOr.n:a Hr JIbI
npH 'OBOeM .n:BH)KeHHH BBepX BbIXO.n:HT H3 MaTCpHaJIa. TaK KaK .lI.BYX-
p0)KKOBaH JIanKa CMOHTHpOBaHa Ha CTep)KHe, nepeMeIIJ.alOIIJ.eMCH B Ka-
lIalOIIJ.eHCH paMKe HrJIOBO.n:HTeJIH, TO OHa .n:BH)KeTCH .COOMeCTHO C Hrolla-
1VI1I B TOM )Ke HanpaBJIeHHH H C TOH )Ke CKOpOCTblO.
.lI.BYXP'O)KKOBaH JIanKa npHnOll.HHMae1'CSI, Kor.n:a HrJIbI BbIXO.n:HT H3
MarepHaJIa H nOll.alla npeKpaIIJ.ael1CH. BTopaH JIanKa TOJIbKO npH)KHM-
HaH H nepeMeIIJ.ae1'CH B BepTHKaJIbHOM HanpaBJIeHHH. aHa CJIY)KHT lI.JIH
npH)KI-fMa MaTepHaJIa H OCTaeTCH npHno.n:HHTOH BO BpeMH nepeMeIIJ.e-
HHH MaTepHaJIa, lITOObI He MelllaTb ero npOJI:BH)KeHHlO. TaKHM oopa-
30M, JIanKH paOOTalOT lIep e .lI.yHCb.
BepXHHH .n:BHraTeJIb nOJIYlIaeT lI.Ba .n:BH)KeHHH: ropH30HTaJIbHOe-
OT paOOTalOIIJ.erO H Ha paOOTalOIIJ.erO H BepTHKaJIbHoe. fOpH30HTaJIbHOe
nepeMeIIJ.eHHe BepXHHH .n:BHraTeJIb nOJIYlIaeT TaK )Ke, KaK HrJIOBo.n:H-
Te.,;!b, BCJIeJI:CTBHe KallaHHH paMKH. Y'CTPOH'CTBO :)Toro MexaHH3Ma aHa-
JIOrHlIHO }'ICTpOHcrny 'MexaHH3Ma KatJaHHH paMKH HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH B Ma-
IlIHHe 252-.ro KJIa'cca.
MexaHH3M BepTHKaJIbHoro nepeMeIIJ.eHHH BepXHero .lI.BHraTeJIH Ma-
TepHaJIa YCTpoeH CJIe.lI.YlOIIJ.HM oopa30M.
Ha r JIa"BHOM BaJIY / 3a"KpenJIeH 3KcueHTpHK 2, oXBaTbIBaeMbIH ro-
JIOBKOH llIaTYHa 3. lllaTYH llIapHHpHo coe.n:HHeH 'c 3a.lI.HHM KOpOMbIC-
JIOM 5 oOKoBoro BaJIa 7 nepeJI.'Hee KOpOMbI-CJIO 9 lIepe3 coe.lI.HHHTeJIb-
Hoe 3BeHO /0 COell.HH£:HO C pbIlIaroM /3. npaBoe nJIellO pbIlIara lllap-
HHpOM 14 H 3BeHOM /5 lllapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHO C npY)KHHo.n:ep)KaTe-
JIeM 16, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Ha CTep)KHe /7 Ha HH)KHeM KOHue CTep)KHH
3aKpenJIeHa .n:BYXpO)KKOBaH .n:BH)KYIIJ.aH JIanKa 21 CTep)KeHb 17 nepe-
MeIIJ.aeTCH B HanpaBJIHlOIIJ.HX paMKH 18, KallalOllleH'cH BOKpyr lllapHH-
pa 4. KallalOIIJ.aH'CH paMKa HMeeT YCTPOHCTBO, aHaJIOrnllHOe KalialO-
lUeIkH paMKe MeXa'HH3Ma HrJIbI MalllHHbI 252-ro KJIaOca.
B Cpe.lI.HeH lIaCTH pbIlIar 13 lllapHHpoM 11 coe.lI.HHeH C XOMYTI-IKOM
/2, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Ha CTep)KHe /9. 3TOT CTep)KeHb nepeMelllaeTCH B
HanpaBJIHlOlllHX PYKa'Ba MalllHHbI, H K HeMY Ha HH)KHeM KOHue npH-
KpenJIeHa npH)KHMHaH JIanKa 20. Ha CTep)KeHb 17 Hall.eTa CnHpaJIbHaH
npy)KHHa 8, KOTopaH cBepxy npH)KHMaeTCH BHHTOM 6.
MexaHH3M paooTaeT CJIe.n.YlOlllHM oopa30M (pHC. Ill, a, 6) npH
BpallleHHH rJIaBHOrO BaJIa 1 3KcueHTpHK 2 H lllaTY'H 3 cooolllalOT B03-
BpaTHo-noBopoTHbIe .lI.BH)KeHHH OOKOBOMY BaJIY 7 nepe.n:Hee KOpOMbIC-
JIO 9 .n:BH)Ke'fiCH, nepeXoll.H noollepe.n:Ho B KpaHHHe nOJIO)KeHHH - Bepx-
Hee H HH)KHee. npH BepxHeM nOJIO)KeHHH KOpoMbI'CJIa 9 coe.lI.HHHTeJIb-
Hoe 3BCHO 10 nOll.HHMaeT lllapHHp 1/ pbIlIara 13. BMecTe C lllapHHpoM
11 no.n.HHMaeTCSI H CTep)KeHb 19 C npll)KIfMHOH JIanKoH.
.lI.aBJIeHHe npY)KHHbl nepe.n:aeTcH HenOcpe.lI.C1'BeHHO CTep)KHlO 17 H
JIanKe 21, nepeMeIIJ.alOIIJ.eHCH B 3TO BpeMH B HanpaBJIeHHH nO.lI.allH Ma-
142
TepHaJIa BMeCTe C Ka'-lalOll.leikH paMKofl nfJlOBO.l1.lITCJIH OT OT.l1.e.1bHoro
MexaHH3Ma.
DpH HH)KHeM nOJIO)KeHHH KOpOMbICJI3 9 coe.ll.mnlTe.TJblIOe 3BCIIO 10
no.n:HHMaeT lllapHHp 14 pbIlIara 13, a BMeCTe c lllapHHpoM lJepC3 3BeHO
15 no.n:HHMaeTCH H CTep)KeHb 17 C nepeMelualOlllei1cH JIanKOH 21 (01.
pHC- 111, 6)
B npHno.n:HHToM nOJIO)KCHHH JIanKa 21 B03BpalllaeTcH B HCXOJ,Hoe
nOJIO)KeHHe. .lI.aBJIeHHe npY)KHHbl 'Iepe3 CTep)KeHb 17, 3BeHO 15 H Pbl-
9
7
_5 2f
10 J
/
10
8
7
5 J 2
/
1
-8
12
I.J
19 f7
jI
20 21
. .":. "..- ; ;.
//
oj
19 15 f7
I H
...
 20 21
.". . ." ..; -:
oj
PHC. III. CxeMa pa60Tbi MexaHH3Ma BepXHero ABHraTenH TKaHH MalllHHbl
47-ro Knacca:
a-,!I.8H>Kyw.all naOKa OepeMew.aeT M8TepHan; 6-jlBH>Kyw.allcli naOKa B03Bpaw.aeTcli B HC-
XOjlHoe OOJlO>KeHHe
liar 13 nepell.aeTCH Ha CTep)KeHb 19, H npH)KHMHaH JIanKa y.n:ep)KHBaeT
B 3TO BpeMH MaTepHaJI OT nepeMellleHHH. JIanKH npH paooTe .n:OJIiKllbl
nepeMelllaTbcH BBepx noo'-lepe.lI.Ho Ha o.n.nHaKOBoe pa-ocToSIHHe OT CllIH-
BaeMoro MaTepHaJIa. I1x nO.lI.'beM perYJIHpyeTcH YCTaHoBKofi XOMYTHKa
12 Ha CTep)KfIe 19.
ECJIH, HanpHMep, JIanKa 20 no.n:HHMaeTcSI Hall. MaTepHaJIO:\! Ha
MeHblllYlO BblCOTY, lIeM JIanKa 21, TO HeOOXO.lI.HMO OCJIaOHTb BIlHT XO-
MyTHKa /2 H nOll.HHTb HeMHoro CTep)KeHb 19 C JIanKoii 20, noc.'lC lIeror
BHHT XOMYTHKa 12 3aKpenHTb.
CBoeBpeMeHHoe BCpTHKaJIbHOe nepeMellleHHe BepxHero JI:BHraTeSI
TKaHH ooecnellHBaeTCH YCTaHoBKoH 3cueHTpHKa 2 Ha rJIaBHOM B3JIY
MalllHHbI. E'CJIH, HanpHMep, BepxHHH .lI.BHraTeJIb HallHHaeT paHO nepe-
MeIIJ.aTbCH B-BepX, TO Heooxo.n:HMO OCJIaOHTb BHHTbI, KOTopbIMH 3KCueI-IT-
pHK 2 KpenHTcH Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY MallIHHbI, H, nOBepHYB HeMHoro 3K!C-
143

ueHTpHK Ha B8JIY npOTlIl3 'laCOBOH CTpCJIKH, CHOBa ero 3aKpenUTb BUH-
raMH.
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.1eHO, lJTO OHn 06ecnC4HBalOT lIa1I.e)!{IIYlO, 6e30TKa3IIYlO pa60TY :\Ia-
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CH JlanKH MallIHHbI 48-ro KJIaCCa
nM3. MallIHHa 48-ro K.lacca
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C3 nM3
na 6pe3eHTa B HeCKOJIbKO CJIOeB C 06rn.ei'1 TOJIrn.HHO H .n:o 25 !\1M. Mexa-
HH3M nepeMema1omei'ICH JlanKII H CXeMa ero nOKa3alIbI Ha pHC. 112
H 113.
MeX8'HH3M .lI.BHraTeJIH TKalIII 3TOi'1 MallIHHbI InleeT .!I.Be JIamm: O..l,lIV
nepeMcmalO1I1YlOcH 17, BTOpylO - npH)!{HMHYlO 11 (pHC. 112). ..
OepeM e rn. alO lll8HCH JIanKa 17 3aKpenJIeHa na llITaHre 16 H MO)!{eT
nOBOpalJHBaTbCH BOKpyr 1lI8pHIIpa 14 BMCCTe co llITaHroiL
B MOMeHT nepeMemeHHSI :\laTCpHaJIa peHKa 18 3aXBaTbIBaeT CBOB-
MH 3y6bHMH MaTepHaJI, a JIanKa 17 (npH)!{aTaH K MaTepHaJIY) CHJIOH
TpeHHH Me)!{.n:y ee nOBcpxHOCTblO II 'BepxHHM CJIOeM MaTepHa.'la nOBO-
144
pa4H13ae1'CH co IlITalirOH BOKpyr ruapHHpa 14; TaK I{aK MOMeHT TpellltH
B lllapHupc 14 HC311a4HTcJ1CH, TO MaTCpHaJI cmlfBaCTCSl 6e3 noca!l.KU.
JIamm TaK iKe, KaK U B MalllHHe 47-ro KJIaCCa, Ha)!{HMalOT Ha MaTe-
pua.'l no04epe.n:Ho. HocJIe Toro KaK MaTepHaJI 6y.n:eT nepeMem eH Ha
.n:,Hmy CTe)!{Ka, npmKHMlIaH JIanKa 11 onYCKaeTcH n CHJIbHOH nJIOCKOll
nPY}[{HHOH 3, perYJIHpyeMoH BHHTOi\l 4, npH)!{HMaCT MaTepHaJI I{ IIro.%-
HOII nJI8'CTHHe, a .1anKa 17 no.n:HIIMaeTCH H no.n: 1I.eH'CTBHeM nJIOCKOH
npY)!{IIHbI 15 nOBopa4HBac11cH BMeCTe co llITaHrol1 16 BOKpyr IllapHHpa
14 B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO)!{CHHC.
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MxaHH3MO:\1 CJIc.lI.YlOmH:\1 06pa30M.
aT 3KCueHTpHKa 1 (pHC. 113) Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY MaIllHHbI llCpC3
IllaTyH 2 nepe.n:ae rCH KalJaHHC KOpOMbIC.1Y 5 H KOpOMbICJIY 7, 3aKpen-
JIeHHbI:\1 Ha 60KOBOM BaJIY 6. KOpOMbIC.'lO 7, B CBOlO olJepe.n: b , ncpe-
.:taCT KalJaHHC pbI'-Iary 8 BOKpyr ero Illa-pHllpa 12, 3aKpenJIemIOrO Ha
pa:\!Ke 13. K paMKe 13 'B llIapHHpc 14, KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb paHee, npH-
KpenJIeHa llITaHra 16.
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CBH38HHYlO co CTepiKHc:\! 10. OpH nepeMern.cHHH pbI4ara 8 no lJacoBoii
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a BMeCTe C HeH H Crep)!{eHb 10 C Ha}[{lIMaTeJIbHOH JIanKOII 11.
D,aB.rIeHlIc nJIocKoII npy)!{HHbI 3 B 3TOM CJIylJae lJepC3 BTYJIKY 19
nepe.n:acTcH Ha paMKY 18 H llIapHHp 14 llITaHre 16 H JIam{c 17.
OpH nepcMemeHHu pbl4ara 8 npOTH-B 4a-COBOH CTpeJIKU (BoKpyr
llIapHHpa 12) ero pO.1HK 6y.n.eT Ha)!{HMaTb Ha BHJIKY 9, KOTopaH BMe-
cre co crCP)!{HCM 10 onycTHTcH. Ha)!{UMaTeJIbHaH JIanKa 11 npH)!{MeT
MaTepHaJI K Hro.rIbHoH nJI8'CTHHe. OpH .lI.aJIbHeHllIeM nepeMemeHHH PbI-
4ara 8 llIapHHp 12 6Y.!I.eT nepeMemaTbcH BBCpX H nO.lI.HHMaTb lIepe3
paMKY 13 JIanKY 17.
5JIaro.lI. a pH TO:\IY, LITO KOpOMblCJIO 7 HC HMeCT llIapHHpHoro coe.'l.H-
HeHHH C pbIlIaroM 8 (ee pOJIHK BX01I.HT B KYJIlIoCHbIH na3 pbIlIara 8),
3TOT MexaHH3M 'B OT.1HlIHe OT Mexa-HH3Ma MallIHHbI 47-ro KJIaCCa 06ec-
nC'lHBaeT BepTIIKa.lbHoe nepe:\lemcHHe JIanOK npli 3HallHTeJIbHOM KO-
JIC6aHlIH TOJlmHHbI CllIHBaCMoro MaTepHaJIa (.n:o 25 MM).
MexaHH3M TpaHcnopTepa C n03blBHblM KOJIeCOM, B MallIUHe 34-ro
1{.'laCCa OM3, npc.lI.Ha3HalJcHHOIl .lI.JIH CllIHBaHHH .n:eTa.'leH Bepxa JIerKOII
KO)!{aHOH 3arOTOBKII 06YBH, MaTepHaJI nepcMemaeTcH n03bIBHbIM KO-
JIeCOM H npH)!{HMHbl:\! pOJIHKOM, '-ITO n03BOJIHeT npOH3BO.lI.HTb CTpO'-lKY C
Ma.lbll\UI pa.lI.HycaMlI KpHBH3Ubl.
TpaHcnopTep MaTepHaJIa 3TOH MallIlIHbI nOKa3aH Ha puc. 114 H pa-
60raeT CJIe.J.YlOmHI 06pa30M. aT rJIaBHOrO BaJIa lJepe3 BepXHIOlO napy
KOHHlIeCKHX llIecTcpeH 1 II 2 .lI:BH)!{eHHC ncpe.n:aeTcH BepTIIKa.'1bl1oMY
Ba,lY 4, Bpaulalomc:\lycH B 1I.BYX BTYJIKax: BepxHeH 3 H HH)!{HeH 5. aT
BepTHKaJIbHOrO B8,'la lICpC3 lJepBHK 6 C ncpeMeHHblM llIarO:\1 nepe.n: a -
eTCH npepblBHCToe «C BbICToeM» BpameHHe lIepBHlIHOH llIecTepnc 7, 3a-
Kpen.leHHoii Ha 3a.'l.HeM KOHlle Ba.'la nO.'l.alJH 9. BaJI no.n:alJU Bpama-
eTCH B !I:BYX BTYollKax: nCpe.lI.HeH 8 H 3a.n:HeH 12. Ha nepe.n: HcM KOHlle
noro BaJIa 3a-Kpen.'lNIbI TpH llHJIHH.n:pHlIccKHe llIecTepHH 10, 11 H 13
C pa3JIlIlIHblM KO.'lHlIeCTBOM 3y6beB. aT O.n:HOH H3 3THX llIeCTepCH npe-
145

pbIBHCToe BpaweHHe «C BbICTOeM» nepe.ll.aeTCJI '1epe3 BaJUlK 6J10Ka
nepe60pa 15 n03bIBHOMY KOJlecy 14. .
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CTynaJi Ha.n: ee nOBepxHocTblO Ha 0,7-0,8 MM. MaTepHaJl pacnoJlara-
eTCH <CBepxy KO.1JeCa H npH>KHMaeTCH pOJlHKOM 16, KOTOpbIH Ha cBoeH

Puc. 114. MexaHu3M TpaHcnopTepa MaWHHbI 34-M Knacca nM3
OCH Bpalll.aeTCSJ Ha lllapHKaX. OCb npH>KHMHOrO pOJlHKa 3aKpenJleHa Ha
.n:ep>KaTeJle 17 .LI.ep>KaTeJlb pOJlHKa, B CBOlO olJepe.ll.b, BMeCTe C KPOH-
liITeH.HoM 18 lllapHHpHo 3aKpenJleH Ha HH>KHeM KOHu.e CTep>KHH 19.
KpOI-llllTeHH 18 MO>KHO nOBepHYTb B.lleBO BMeCTe C pOJlHKOM Ha 90°,
liTO Heo6xo.n:HMO .n:JlH 3anpaBKH HHTKH B HrJlY
Ha CTep>KeHb 19 cBepxy Ha.n:eTa HapY>KHaH npY>KHHa 22. CTep>KeH-b
nycTOTeJlbIH. BHYTPH 'CTep>KHH BCTaBJleHa npY>KHHa 23. DpY>KHHbl
nO.lI.>KHMalO'f1CH BHHTOM 24. LIepe3 npY>KHHo.n:ep>KaTeJlb 20 AaBJleHHe
146
npY}KHHbI nepe.n:ae'I"CH CTep>KHlO 19 H npmKHMHoMY pOJ1HKY AJ1SI nOD-'b-
eMa llQJlHoKa 16 CJlY>KHT pbIlJar 21
War CTpOlJKH perYJlHpyeTcH nepeMelll.eHHeM rnecTepeH nepe60pa 15
B.lI.OJlb OCH. B 38-BaCHMOCTH OT Toro, C KaKOH H3 rneCTepeH 10, 11 H
13 6YJI.eT 'Cu.enJleHa llleCTepHH nepe60pa, Ha MalllHHe MO>KHO nOJlYlIaTb
lllar CTpOlJKH 1,2; 1,4 H 1,6 MM. OpH 3aMeHe llleCTepHH Ha BaJlY no.n:alJH
H B nepe60pe llleCTepHHMH C .n:pyrHM KOJlHlJeC'f'BOM 3y6beB MO>KHO no-
JlYllaTb H .n:pyrHe BeJlHlJHHbI rnara CTPOqKH.
M()MeHT nOBopOTa n03blBHoro KOJleca corJla.cyeTcH C .n:BH>KeHHeM
Hr JlbI -QOOTBeTCTBYlOllI.eH YCTaHOBKOH lIepBHKa 6 Ha BepTHKaJlbHOM 8aJlY

r 11 a B a VIII
LJEJ1H01.JHbIE UJBEIiIHblE MAUJI1Hbl
YH 11 B EPCAJ1 b H 0 ro JI.E A CTB 1151
1. MaUlHHa 22-A KJlaCCa
MaUlHHa 22-A KJIaCCa npeJI.Ha3HalJeHa .n:JIH CUlHBaHHH TKaHCH OeJlb-
eBoH, KOCTlOMHOH H naJIbTOBOH fpynn. MaUlHHa UlIfpOKO npHMeHHeTcH
B IllBeHHOll npOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTH, a TaK>Ke 'B OOYBlIOH npOMbIUlJIeHHOCTH
JI.JIH nOIlIHBa TeKCTHJIH H B TpIIKOTa)KHOH npOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTII Ha Tex
onepaUHHx, f.n:e npHMeHHeTcH lJeJIHOlJHaH CTpOlJKa. DPOH3BO.lJJlTe.lb-
HOCTb MaUlHHbI .n:o 3500 CTe)KKOB B MIIHYTY (no.n:pooHYlO xapaKTepH-
CTHKY CM. B npHJIO)KeHHH). CxeMa MaUlIIHbI nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 115.
Kopnyc MaUlHHbI, BHYTPH KOTOpOfO pacnOJlO)KeHbI OCHOBHbIe Mexa-
HH3MbI, JI.JIH y.n:oocTBa 1I3rOTOBJIeHHH COCTOHT H3 JI.BYX OCHOBHbIX .n:eTa-
JIeii, PYKaBa 1 H n,laTcpopMbI 5. PYKaB HMeeT <}JOPMY OYKBbI r H CBOlDI
OCHOBaHHeM Kpem-!TCH BHHTaMH K nJIOCKOCTH n.JIaT<}JopMb1.
B nepe.n:HeH lJaCTH PYK3'Ba (fOJIOBKe) pacnOJIO)KeHbI MexaHH3:\lbI
nfJIbI, HHTenpHTHfHBaTeJIH H JIanKH. PaccToHHHe OT HfJIbI .n:o OCHOBa-
HHH PYKaBa :\laUlHHbI OObI'lHO Ha3bIBalOT BbI.'leTOM PYKaBa L, a pac-
CTOHHHe OT n.'lOCKOCTH nJIaTcpopMbI JI.O UlelIKH PYKaBa - h - BbICOTOli
BbIJIeTa. MaUlHHa HMeeT BbweT pYKaBa L=260 MM, BLICOTOH h= 165 :\oD!.
DpH BbInOJIHeHHH OT.n:eJIbHbIX onepaUHH H3.n:eJIHH pacnOJIaralOTCH
Ha nJIaTcpopMe B 3TOM BbIJIeTe, H n03ToMy pa3MepbI nOCJIe.n:HefO HMelOT
cYIUecTBeHHoe 3HalJeHHe, xapaKTepH3YH B03MO)KHOCTb BbInOJIHeHIHI
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per.meM 4 MaxoB'HKY 3, 3aKpen!leHHoMY Ha 3aJI.HeM KOHue rJIaBHOfO
lBa.'la.
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H peHKH 3aKpen.'leHbl B onpe.n:eJIeHHbIX nOJIO)KeHHHX Ha fJIaBHOM 'Ba_1Y
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ynpoi':cTBO H perYJIHpOBKa MeXaHIf3:\10B paCCMOTpeHbl paHee.
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copacbIBaHHH 00pe3KoB TKaHH.
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3a HalJaJlbHOe nOJlOmeHHe (ToIfKa 1) npHHHMaeM HHmHee nOJlOmeHHe
HfJlbI. B 3aBHCHMOCTH 01' TOJlmHHbI TKaHH HalJaJlO npOKOJla ee HfJlOH
(TOlJKa A) 0Y.lI.eT nocJle nOJlOmeHHH /0 naJlbua KpHBOIllHna HfJlbI (B
npe1l.eJlax 275-285° 01' HHmHefO nOJlOmeHHH)
TOlJKa E (25°) COO1'BeTCl1ByeT HalJaJlY 3aXBaTa neTJlH HOCHKOM lJeJl-
HOKa.
PacIllHpeHHe neTJlH H 06BO.lI. ee .n:o nOJlOmeHHH copoca co IllnYJle-
.n:epmaTeJlH npo.n:oJlmae'I'CH 11.0 TOlJ'KH B (OKOJlO 135°) HeCKOJlbKO paHee
150
151

.ill-jjj
CTep}f{eHb 23, nO.ll.HHMeTcH BBCpx. Me}J{JlY BCpXIIHM H HH)KIIJ1M lIo*a-
"111 6y.n:CT paccToHHHe, .lI.OCTaTO'lHOe )lJIH npOXOJla CUIHFl3el\lI,IX MaTe-
pHaJlOB.
,QJlH BKJllOlJeHHH HO}f{a B pa60TY Ha}f{IIMaIOT Ha rawcTKY 17 )[ onyc-
KalOT wTaHry .n:o Tex nop, nOKa wnH.lbKa 8 He BOH.lI.eT B na3 24 UlTaH-
rlI HmKa.
K MaWI-IHe npHJlaralOTCH ..'lBa HII}f{HIIX HOJKa C 'PaccToHHHeM peJKY-
meH KpOMKH 3 H 5 1\1M OT Hr.lbI. .lJ.JlH 1I3MeHeHIIH paccToHHIIH Me}f{.n:y
CTpOlJKOH H 06pe3aeMOII KpOMKOll HY}f{HO OleHIlTb HH}f{HlIii HO}f{. nepe-
.n:BIIHYTb 3a.n:BH}f{HYIO n,lacTHHY 21 II CMemeHlIeM 1I.ep}f{aBKH 13 oTpe-
ry.1HpoBaTb nOJlO}f{eHife BepxHero HO}f{a no HIIJKHeMY.
.lJ.JI5l perYJlHpoBaHHH BepxHero HO}f{a no BbICOTe He06xo:D.Hto OT-
KpenHTb BHHTbl 14 H CMeCTHTb HO}f{ B He06xo1I.HMOM Hanp3BJleHHH.
HaHBbIcIlIaH TOlJKa pe}f{ymeii rpaHlI BepxHero HO}f{a .n:OJlJKHa onycKaTb-
CH Ha 1-1,5 MM HII}Ke pe}/(yme11 rpaHII HH}/{HerO HO}f{a.
npn npaUlCIlHIf rJlaBHOrO BaJia KOpOMblCJIO 4 OT 3KCU. eHT pHKa 2 no-
JlY"WCT K..I'laTC.1blloe JlBIHKeHHe. BMeCTe CHUM TaKoe }f{e .n:BII}f{eHHe
nOJlYLJaeT H pbI'wr 7. Ka'-laTe.'lbHOe .n:BH}f{eHHe nepe.lI.Hero pbIlJara 7
'-Iepe3 WnHJlbKY 8 H na3 24 npe06pa3yeTCH B B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJlb-
Hoe 1I.BII}f{eHHe IlITaHrn 11 C .n:epJKaBKoll 13 H BepxHHM HO}f{OM 16.
2
1
..
jJf / 1-1 il jf-if
oo
0) V U 0
j:f
3, MaW"Ha 1022-ro KJlaCCa 03J1M
..
21;
B3aMeH MaIlIIIHbI 22-A K.lacca OpIlI3HCKJI:Ii 3aBo.n:OM J1erMalli C03-
.n:aHa H BbmycKae'f1CH HOBaH MaIlIHHa 1022-ro KJlaCCa, IIMelOmaH CKO-
pOCTHOH pC}f{HM pa60TbI .n:o 4000 06/MHH. OCTaJlbHbIe TeXHo.rlOrHlJeCKHe
napaMeTpbI Te }f{e, lJTO II MaIlIHHbI 22-A KJlaCca.
Ha pHC. 118, a nOKa3aHa KOHCTpYKTJIBHaH cxeMa MaIlIHHbI.
fJlamlbIH BaJl 5 MaIlIIIHbI pacno.'lO}f{eH B ..1.BYX BTYJlKax: nepe.n:HeH
7 II 3a.n:HeH 2. Ha npaBoM KOHue f..'laBHOrO Ba.'la 3aKpenJleH MaXOBHK
C npllBo.n:HbIM IlIKIIBOM 1.
MexaHH3M "rJlb!, Ha .'leBOIII KOHue rJlaBHoro BaJla 3aKpenJleH KplI-
BOIlIHn HrJlOBo.n:HTeJlH 8, B oTBepcTHH KOToporo ynopHbIM BIIHTO':\I Kpe-
I!IITCH KOJleHqaTbIII naJleu 12. BHelliHee n.'lelJO naJlbua OXBaTbIBaeT
BepxHHH rOJlOBKa (c HrO.TIblJaTbiM nO.lI.IlIllnHHKOM) IlIaTYHa 13, a HH}f{-
HHH ero rOJlOBKa Ha.n:eTa Ha naJleu nOBO}u{a 15. Ha KOHue nOBO.!J.Ka yc-
TaHOBJleH KaMeHb 14, KOTOpbIH nepeMemaeTcH B na3Y HanpaBJlHlOmeH
59. ha TpeTbH HanpaB.'lHlOmaH IIr .'lOBo.n:UTeJlH YMeHbIlIae'I.: HarpY3KY
Ha Hero H npenHTcTByeT nOBopOTY I1rJlOB01I.HTeJlH BOKpyr ero OCII. 00-
BO.lI.OK 3aKpenJleH Ha HrJlOBo.n:HTe.'le 16, KOTopblll nepeMemaeTcH BO
BTYJlKax PYKaBa MaIlIHHbI. Ha KOHue IIr.'lOBO..'lIITe.'IH XOMYTIIKOM 17 3a-
KpenJlHe'I'CH HrJla. Per)'JlHpoBKy Hr,lbl no BbICOTe ocymecTB.TIHIOT TaK
JKe, KaK II B MaIlIIIHe 22-A K.lacca, CMemeHlIeM IIr JlOBo.n:HTeJlH BMe-
CTe C HrJlOH, oTKpemlB npe.lI.BapHTe.rIbHo BHHT nOBO.'LKa 15.
MexaHH3M HHTenpI1THnIBaTeJlH aHaJlOrHlJeH MexaHH3My MaIlIHHLI
22-A KJlaC'ca. HH}f{HHH rO.TIOBKa pbIqara HHTCnpHTHrHBaTeJlH 9 OXBaTbl-
BaeT BHYTpeHIIee nJlelJO na.'lbua 12. PbllJar 9 IlIapHHpHo coe.n:IIHen C
coe1I.IIHHTeJlbHbIM 3BeHOM 10, IlIapHlIpHo 3aKpCnJleHHblM J!a IlInHJlb-
KC 11.
MexaHH3M lJeJlHOKa, 4e.1HoK 28 (TaKoH }f{e, KaK B MaIlIIIHe 97-ro
K.'laCca), 3aKpenJleHHbll v l Ha <Je.1HO'IHOM Ba.1Y 32, nOJlyqaeT BpaL1.lelIHe
OT r,'laBHOrO BaJla C nepe.n.aTo'IHbIM OTHOllieIlIfeM 1 : 2 qepe3 BepxHlOlo
napy KOHHqeCKIIX IlIecTepeH 3 II 57, BepTHKa.'lblIbIll Ba.'l 36 II J!!I}t{HIOIO
napy KOHHlJeCKHX IlIecTepeH 35 H 34. Ko.llIqeCTBO 3y6bE'n Ha IlICCTep-
153
10
23
Puc. 117. CxeMa MexaHU3Ma HO)f{a MalllUHbl Knacca 22-B
.lJ..1H pe3aHHH :\laTepHa,lOB 60.1bIlIoe 3HalJeHIIe HMelOT yrJlbI 3aTOlJ-
KII HO}f{eH (CM. pHC. 117, 6).
DpH BK.'llOlJeHHOM MexaHII3Me XBOCTOBHK BepxHero HO}f{a .1;0J1-
}f{eH Bcer.n:a conpHKacaTbCH C HHJKHIIM HO}f{OM " 06eCnelJHBaTb Heo6xo-
.n:HMYIO n.'lOTHOCTb npH.'leraHlU! K HII}f{HeMY HO}f{y.
.lJ..1H BblKJllOlJeHIIH BepxHero HO}f{a He06xo.n:HMO OTTHHYTb raHKY 10
BJleBO (pHC. 117, B), nplI 3TOM IlInllJlbKa 8 BbIII.lI.eT 113 na3a 24 IlITaHrH.
lllTaHra no.n: 1I.eiicTBlIeM npYJKIIHbl 22, Ha.J.eToH Ha HanpaBJIHlOmIlii
152
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CTepen 06eCneLJHB3eT 60Jlee nJl3BHYlO nepe.n:a'-lY Bp3IJJ.eHHJI 'leJiHoKY H
C MeHbIllHM IllYMOM, 'leM Y IllecTepeH M3IllHHbl 22-A KJl30C3.
MexaHH3M J).BHraTeJlJl TKaHH. BepTHKaJIbHOe nepeMeIJJ.eHHe perl-
Ka 27 nOJIY'-IaeT OT MexaHH3Ma, aHaJIOrH'-IHOrO MexaHH3MY MaIllHHbl
22-A KJIaCCa, T e. OT c.n:BoeHHoro 3roCIJ.eHTpHKa 62, 3aKpenJIeHHoro Ha
rJlaBHOM BaJIY 'lepe3 IllaTYH 56, KOpOMbI-CJIO 58, BaJI no.n:'beMa 33 H KO-
pOMbI-CJIO 3/ B BepxHeH rOJIOBKe IlIaTYHa 56 nOMeIJJ.eH HI'OJIb'-laTbIH
no.n.IlIHnHHK.
fOpH30HTaJlbHOe nepeMeeHHe peHKa nOJIY'-IaeT OT MexaHH3Ma,
KOTOpbIH HMeeT KOHCTPYKIJ.HIO, nOXO>KYIO Ha MexaHH3M MaIlIHHbI 97-ro
KJIaOca. BepxHHH rOJIOBKa IlIaTYHa 54 C HrOJII>'-IaTbIM no.n:IlIHnHHKOM
OX'BaThIBaeT 3KCUeHTpH-K 4, a HH>KHHH coe.n:HHeHa C OCbIO 44. .lI.JIH npe.n:-
01'BpameHHH oceBoro CMemeHHH BepxHeH rOJIOBKH IlIaTYHa 54 Ha 3WC-
UeHTpHK Ha.n:eTO ynopHoe npY>KHHHOe KOJIbUO. OCb 44 OXBaTbIBaIOT
BHJIKa coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 43 H BHJIKa coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 4/
JIeBaH rOJIOBKa 3'BeHa 4/ IlIapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHa 'C KOpOMbICJIOM 45, 3a-
KpenJIeHHbIM Ha BaJIY no.n.a'-lH 46.
fOJIOBKa 3BCHa 43 (pHC. 118,6) IlIapHHpHo coe.n.HHeHa C OCbIO 12,
KOTopaH npoxo.n.HT B npoyuIHHax paMKH 38. OCb 42 OXBaTbIBaeT H HH}n-
HHH rOJIOBKa coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 50. BepxHHH rOJIOBKa 3BeH3 50
IlIapHupHo coe.n:HHeHa C pbI'larOM 51 perYJIHTOpa IlIara CTpO'-lKH, KOTO-
pbIH nOCa>KeH Ha OCb 49, 3aKpenJIeHHYIO B PYKaBe MaIlIHHbI. Ha nepell.-
HeM KOHue pbI'-Iara 5/ 3a-KpenJIeHa PYKoHTKa 55 C raHKoH H3'MeHeHlIH
.lI.JIHHbI CTe>KKa.
OCH 37 H 39 KOpOMbICJIa 45 pacnOJIO>KeHbI B npHJIHBaX nJIaT<}JopMbl
MaIlIHHbI. Ha JIeBYIO OCb 39 Ha.n:eTa npY>KHHa 40, O.n:HH KOHeu KOTOpOH
ynHpaeTcH IB YCTaHOBO'-lHOe KOJIbUO, a .n:pyroH BCTaBJIHeTCH B o'I1Bep-
CTHe OCH 42. Oo.n: .n.eHcTBHeM npY>KHHbI 40 PYKoHTKa 55 pbI'-Iara pery-
JIHTOpa CTpO'-lKH nOCTOHHHO Haxo.n.HTCH B BepxHeH '-IaCTH OKHa (na3a)
co IlIKa.JIOH.
Ha pHC. 118, e, z nOKa3aHa cxeMa nepeMemeHHH 'KOpOMbICJIa 45 H
BaJIa no.n:a'-lu 46 npH npHMoH H oopaTHoH no.n:a'lax. Ha pHC. 118, e
nOKa3aHO .n:Ba KpaHHHx nOJIOJKeHI1H 3'BeHbeB MexaHH3Ma (cnJIOIlIHbIMH
H YCJIOBHbIMH JIHHHHMH) OpH npHMoH no.n:a'le MaTepHaJIa OCb 42 pac-
nOJIaraeTCH BblIlIe ropH30HTaJIH; B 3TOM cJIY'-lae IlIaTYH 54, nOJIY'-IaH
.n:BH>KeHHe OT 3K,cueHTpllKa 4, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY 5, '-Ie-
pe3 coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOe 3'BeHO 41 (H .n:pyrHe 3BeHbH) cooomaeT 'KOpOMbICJIY
45 H BaJIY no.n:a'-lH 46 Ka'-laHUe npoTHB '-Ia'COBOH CTpeJIKH. 01' BaJIa no-
.n:a'-lH 46 (CM. pHC. 118, a), nepe.n:Hero KOpoMbI-cml 26 pbI'-Iar 30 Po
peHKa 27 nOJIY'-laIOT ropH30HTaJIbHOe .n:BH>KeHHe B HanpaJIeHHH npH-
MOH no.n:a'lH MaTepHaJIa.
.lI.JIH nepeMCmeHI-!H MaTepHaJIa B oopaTuoM Hanpa-BJIeHHI-! ue06xo-
.n:HMO (KaK H B .n:pyrnx MaIlIHHax) PY-KOHTKY 55 nepeMeCTHTb B HH>K-
Hee nOJIO>KeHHe, Tor.n:a coe.n.HHHTeJIbHOe 3BeHO 50 onycTHTcH H nepe-
MeCTJ-!T OCb 42 HH>Ke ropH30HTaJIH (KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 118, z)
llIaTYH 54 B 3TOM cJIY'-lae OT 3KcueHTpHKa 4 ,co06mHT KOpOMbICJIY 45
H BaJIY no.n.a'lH 46 Ka'-laHHe no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJIKe. PeHKa nepeMecTHT
MaTepHaJI B 06paTHoM HanpaBJIeHHH. MexaHH3M HMeeT perYJII1pOBKH,
155
0)
:f
PHC. 118. MalllHHa 1022-ro Knacca 03J1M:
a-cxeMa M8WHHbl; 6-coe.nHHeHHe 3BeHbeB; B-nOJlO>KeHHe 3BeHbeB npH nplIMoll
no.naqe; i!-TO >Ke, npll 06paTHoil no.naqe

7
5
WapHupHble COcll.11HeHUH, pa-CnOJIOiKeHHble no.n: n.lanpOpMOii, CMa3bI-
BalOTCH KanJIHMH Mac.rra H3 PY'lHOH MaCJIeHKH.
lleHTpaJIH30BaHHaH CMa3Ka '-IeHOKa (pHC. 119) 06eCne'lHBaeTCH
nocTynJIeHHeM MaCJIa H3 BepxHero pe3epByapa B npOTO'-lKY 7 nepe-
Hell BTYJIKH 4 'le.1HOlJHOrO BaJIa 1. Ilo CnHpaJIbHOH KaHaBKe 6 BaJIa
lJe.1HOKa M3'CJIO nOCTynaeT lJepe3 oTBepcTHe 5 B oceBoH KaHaJI 8 BaJIa
1 H 'lepe3 IIlTYUep, KaHaJIbI 9 H 10 MaCJIO nOCTynaeT K nOHcKY IImYJIe-
.n:epiKaTeJIH. 4acTb laCJIa lJepe3 oTBepcTHe 2 BbIXO.n:HT B BbITOlJKY 3
BTYJIKH, coe.n:HHeHHYIO KaHaJIOM 13 C KaHaJIOM 11. KaHaJI 13 'laCTH'lHO
nepKpbIIBae1'CH BUHTO'\1 12. C nOMOIUblO BHHTa 12 perYJIHpyeTcH no-
.n:alla MaCJIa B lJe.'lHOK. ECJIH BIIHT 12 BBepHYTb H nOJIHOCTblO nepe-
KpbITb KaHaJI 13, TO Bce MaCJIO, nocTynalOmee B KaHaJI 8, 6y.n:eT Ha-
npaBJIHTbCH B lJeJIHOK. ECJIH BHHT lJaCTH'lHO BbIBepHYTb, TO H3 KaHaJIa
8 lJa-CTb MaCJIa 6y.n:eT nona.n:aTb B KaHaJI 11, a oTTY11.a 06paTHo B npo-
TO'lKY 7 BTYJIKH,
8J13.10rJi'I1ILle pcr)'JIHpOBK3M B Jl.pyrHx l'>Ja W 1111 ax, 1'l8npHMep 22-A
K.'I8Cca.
MexaHH3M JlanKH. lllapmlpHaH JIanKa 25 (CM. pHC. 118, a) Kpe-
mlTCfI IBHIlTOM K CTep.ll{HIO 24, KOTOpbIH HanpaB.'lHeTCH BTYJIKOil H BXO-
1I.HT B nycTOTeJIblH perymlpOBOlJHblH BIIHT 19. Ha cTepiKHe 3aKpenJIeH
npYiKIIHo.n:epiKaTeJIb 22 H Ha.n:eTa npYiKHHa 20. CHH3Y Ha nppKIIHO-
.n:epiKaTeJIb cB060.n:HO Ha.n:eT KpoHlllTelIH 60, KOTDpbIH JIOiKHTCH Ha Pbl-
lJar 23 PYlJHOrO nO.lI.'beMa JIanKH. KpoHlllTeHH lJepe3 3BeHO 21 lllapHHp-
11
lUnHH.n:eJIb aBTOMaTH'leCKOH MOTaJIKH .lI.JIH HaMOTKII HHTKH Ha
lllnY.lbKY npH ,BKJIIO'leHHH nOJIY'laeT BpameHHe 01' lJepBHKa 6 (CM.
pHC. 118, a), 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY MalllllHbI.
npHMelJaHHe, Ha 6a3e MalllHHbI 1022-ro KJIaCCa C03.n:aH BapHaHT
MalllHHbI 1022-4 C npncnOC06JIeHHeM .n:JIH OKaHTOBKH .n:eTaJIeH 113 TKaHeH
naJIbTOBOII rpynnbI.
PHC. t t 9. CxeMa ClIla3KH 'IeJlHOKa
4, MallulHa 97-ro KJIaCCa 03J1M
HO coe.n:HHeH C KOpm.lbICJIOM 18 60KoBoro BaJIa 53. 3aHee KOpOMbICJIO
61 60KOBOl'O BaJIa coe1I.HHeHO C THrOH 52, Ha KOTOpYIO IIa.n:eTa npYiKH-
Ha 48, nOMeIUeHHaH MeiK.n:y oTBepcTHeM nJIaTcpopMbI MalllHHbl H ynop-
HbIM KOJIbUOM 47.
Ilo.n:'beM JIanKH MOiKeT ocymecTB.'lHTbCH PYKOH C nOMoIUblO pbI'la-
ra 23 HJIH 01' pbI'lara KOJIeHono.n:'beMHIIKa, 3aKpenJIeHllOrO no.n: KpbIlll-
KOH CTOJIa MalllHHbI. IlpIl 3TOM nO.lI.HHMaeTCH THra 52 H lJepe3 KOpO-
MbICJ10 61, BaJI 53, KOpOMbICJIO 18, 3BeHO 21, KpoHlllTeHH 60 ocymecT-
BJIHeTCH n011.'beM CTep}[{HH 24 H JlanKH 25. J1anKa onYCKaeTCH no.n: .n:eH-
CTBUe!\l npYiKHH 20 H 48. PerYJIHpOBaHHe .n:aBJIeHHH JIanKH Ha MaTe-
pna.'l npoII3Bo.n:IlTCH rO.'lOnOlIHbIM BHIlTOM 19.
CMa3Ka MalllHHbI KOM6mIHpoBaHHaH: <jJHTHJIbHaH ueHTpami30BaH-
HaH .n:JI51 lllapHHpHblX COe1I.l1HeHHii. paCnOJIOiKeHIIbIx B PYKaBe MalllHHbI,
H MeCTHaH .n:JIH COC11.HHeHHH, paCnOJIOiKeIlHbIx no.n: nJIaTcpopMoH. MacJIo
3aJIHnaeTCH B KapTep 63, 3aKpeIIJIeHHblii BIIYTPH PYKaBa MalllHHbI. .lI.JIH
KOHTpOJIH ypOBHH MaC,i'la B pYKaBe HMeeTCH OTBepCTlle, 3aKpbITOe npo-
3palJHblM CTeKJIOM H pl-lCKOH nocepe.n:HHe. MacJIo 11.0JIiKHO 3aJIHBaTbCH
11.0 3TOii pI-lCKH. B KapTep onymeHbl cpHTHJIH, no KOTOpblM M'aCJIO H3
KapTepa nOCTynaeT K MeCTaM CMa3KH, YKa3aHIIbIM Ha pHC. 118. .lI.JIH
onycKaHHH cpHTHJIeil B KapTep B BepxHeH lJaCTH PYKaBa HMeeTCH KHon-
Ka. Bo BpeMH pa60TbI MalllHHbI KllonKa .n:OJIiKHa 6bITb onyweHa, nOCJIe
OKOH'laHH51 pa60TbI - n01I.HHTa. B 3KcueHTpHKH 4 H 62 n011.'beMa H
npO.lI.BHiKeHHSJ peHKH MaCJIO nOCTynaeT H3 oTBepCTI-lH 3 a.n:He Ii BTy.'lKH
no oceBOMY KaIlaJIy r JIaBIIOrO BaJIa H OTBepCTHH B 3KcueHTPHKax.
156
MalllHIIa npe.'l.I1a3Ha'leHa JIH ClllHBaIlHH 6eJIbeBbIX H KOCTIOMIIbIX
TKaHeH; npoH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOCTb .n:o 5000 CTeiKKOB B MHHYTY. CxeMa Ma-
lllHIIbI nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 120. Oc06eHHocTblO KOHCTPYKUHH ee Mexa-
HH3MOB HBJIHeTCH npHMeHeHHe B HaH60JIee HarpYiKeHHbIx BpaIUalOIUHx-
CH napax lllapHKoBbIX HJIH HrOJIblJaTbIX no.n:lllHnHHKOB, a TaKiKe npH-
:\leHeHHe anTOMaTHlJeCKOH CMa3KH lJeJIHOKa, HMeIOmero lJaCToTY Bpam e -
HHH .n:o 10 000 06/MHH. MalllHHa HYJeeT CJIe.n:YIOIUee YCTpOHC'PBO Mexa-
HH3MOB. r JIaBlIbIH Ba.1 4 CMOHTHpoBaH Ha .n:BYx lllapHKoBblX no.n:lllHn-
IIHKax 2 H 7. Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHue rJIaBHOrO BaJIa 3aKpenJIeH MaXOBHK 1,
'-Iepe3 KOTOpbliI nepe.n:aeTcH BpameHHe (npoTHB 'lacoBoii CTpeJIKI-l) OT
npHBo.n:a Ha rJIaBHb111 BaJI.
YCTpOHCTBO MexaHH3Ma HrJIbI (CM. pl-lc. 24) H MexaHH3Ma HHTenpH-
THrHBaTeJIH (CM. pHC. 89 II 90) paccMaTpHBaJIOCb paHee.
Ha rJIaBHOM Ba.1Y MalllHHbI 3aKpenJIeH 6apa6aH 3, a Ha HHiKHeM
BaJIY 12, paCnOJIOiKeHHOM B nJIaTcpopMe, 3aKpenJIeH BTOpOH no.n:06Hblli
6apa6an 10. B na3bI 6apa6alIoB BXO.n:HT 3y6bH CneUHaJIbHOrO peMHH 8,
6JIarO.lI.apH lJeMy oC)'IUeCTBJIHeTCH 6eclllYMHaH nepe.lI.alJa BpaIUeHHH 01'
r.rr3BHoro BaJIa K HHiKHeMY. PCMeHb H3rOTOBJIHeTCH H3 CneUHaJIbHOH
pe3liHbI. BHYTPH peMHH HMee1'CH HeCKOJIbKO pH.n:OB TOHKoro CTaJIbHOrO
TpoHKa. .lI.HaMeTpbl H 'lHCJIO na30B Ha 6apa6aHax O.lI.HHaKOBbIe, H 3a
O.rI.HH 060POT rJIaBHOrC BaJIa HHiKlUIil BaJI .n:eJIaeT TaKiKe O.n:HH 060pOT.
OnopaMH HHiKHero BaJIa 12 CJIyiKaT lllapHKoBbIH nO.lI.lllHnHHK 11 H
BTYJIKa 22, BMOHTHpoBaHHbIe B oTBepcTHHx npHJIHBOB nJIaTcpopMbI.
Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHue HHiKHero BaJIa 3aKpenJIeHa 60JIblllaH llleCTepHH
157

23 C KOTOPOj:'1 HaXOJ!Hl'CH B 3au.enJICHHH M8JI8J1 26cTepHH 24, H3rOTO'B-
JIe;'lliaH KaK OJ!1I8 J!CT8JIb 'C 'JCJIIIOLlllbIM IBaJIHKOM .
H8 nepeJ!HcM KOHu.e '-IeJIHO'-lHOrO BaJIHKa noca*eH qeJI'HOK 34, 3a-
KpenJIHeMblH Ha HeM .n:BYMH BHHTaMH. MaJIaH llIeCTepHH HMeeT qHCJlO
ay6beB 'B 2 pa3a MeHbllIe, qeM 60JIbllIaSI, H 3a OJI.HH 060POT HHJKHerO
BaJIa (a CJIeJI.OBaTeJIbHO, Ii rJIaBHoro BaJla) JI.eJIaeT .n:Ba 060poTa.
I
1'*
'8 '7 '6 '5
22 21 ZtJ lj 'fl
25 262 -f'J )
J2 28 e
Wo /tJ

G
-f2 #-f.5'
0)
i)
,PHC. 120. CxeMa MaUlHHbl 97-ro KJl3CC3
DOJlb1ll8H H MaJIaH llleCTepHH HMelOT BHYTpeHHee 3au.enJleHHe. JJ.JIH
06ecne4eHHH BpaLQeHHH 4eJlHOK8 B HanpaBJIeHHH npOTHB qaCOBOH
CTpeJlKH rJIaBHbIH BaJl BpaLQaeTCH npOTHB 4aCOBOH CTpeJlKH.
llleCTepHIi MexaHH3MOB 4eJlHOKa pacnOJIo*eHbI .B KapTepe nJIaT-
cj)OpMbI. CHH3Y K KapTepy npHBepHYTa BHHTaMH KpbIllIKa C npOKJIaJ1-
KOH, 06ecne4HBalOLQeH repMeTH4HOCTb. CBepxy B KapTepe HMeeTCH
011BepCTIie JI.JIH 3aJIHBaHHH MaCJIa.
158
)
Cal\{O qeJIHOqHOe Y.CTpOHCTBO pa60TaeT TaK me, KaK H 'JCJInOLlIIoe
YCTpoATBO .MallIHHbl 22-A KJIaeCa (CM. pac. 35), HO HMeeTCH He6oJlb-
llIoe KOHCTPYKTHBHoe OTJIHqHe OT Hero, Bbl3BaHHoe B OCHOBHOM YCTpoi'1-
CTBOM ueHTpaJIH30BaHHOH CMa3KH nOHCKa llInYJleJI.ep*aTeJIH.
MaJIaH llIeCTepHH BMeCTe C 4eJIH04HbIM BaJIHKOM 26 nOMeLQalOTCH
B 60JlbllIOM BTYJIKe 25, BHYTPH KOTOpOH 3anpeccoBaHbl .n:Be MaJlbIe
BTYJIKH: nepeJI.HHH H 3aJI.HHH. DOJIbllIaH BTYJIKa BCTaBJlHeTCH BMeCTe C
MaJlOH llIeCTepHeH B oTBepcTHe npHJIHBa nJIaTcj)opMbl H 'CTonopHTcH
BHHTOM 28. Tuopeu MaJIOH llIeCTepHH ynHpaeTcH B cerMeHTHbIii ynop,
3aKpenJIeHHbllt Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHu.e 60JIbllIOH BTYJIKH.
10 9 8 755 {i 3 2 1 25
15
16
17
18
19
PHC. 121. CxeM3 CM33KH QCJlHOK3 M3ll1HHbl 97-ro K.QaCC3
DpHCnOco6J1eHHe JI.H aBTOMaTH4eCKOH nOJI.a4H M8CJIa H3 KapTepa
B 4eJlHOK YCTpOeHO CJIe.n:YIOLQHM 06pa30M (pHC. 121).
BHYTPH 4eJlH04HOro BaJlHKa HMeeTCH oceBoe OTBepCTHe 7 CHapyn<H
H3 BaJlHKe Hape3aHa CnHpaJIbHaH KaHaBKa 10 c npaBoH CnHpaJIblO.
Eha cnnpaJlb npenHTcTByeT BbIXOJI.Y MaCJIa H3 nepeJI.HeH BTYJlKH 9 Ha-
Py*y Ha BaJlHKe 26 HMeeTCH BTopaH CnHpaJlbHaH KaHaBKa 4 (c Jle-
BOli cnHpa.'lblo) DepeJI.HHll KOHeu CnHpaJIH 4 CoeJI.HHeH C paJI.HaJlbHblM
OTBepCTIIeM 5, KOTopoe HanpaBJlHeT nOCTynalOLQee MaCJIO B oceBoe
OTBepCTHe 7 Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHue BaJll-IKa HMeeTCH BTopoe pa.n:HaJIbHOe
oTBepcTHe 1, pacnOJlo*eHHoe npoTHB KOJlbUeBOH BbIT04KH 25 Ha 3a;:l.-
HeM BTYJIKe 6. CnHpaJlbHaH KalIaBKa 4 co BTOpblM paJI.HaJlbHbIM oTBep-
CTHeM 1 He CoeJI.HHeHa.
3aJI.HHM KOHeu. 60JlbllIOII BTYJIKH 8 BXOJI.HT B nOJlOCTb KapTepa n.'laT-
cj)OpMbl. CBepxy Ha KOHue BTYJIKH 'c.n:eJIaHa BbIeMKa 2 lI.JlSI c60pa Mac-
JIa, pa36pbI3rJ-maeMoro llIecTepHHMH. OTBepcTHe 3 coeJI.HHHeT ,:lTY Bbl-
eMKY eo CnHpaJlblO 4. B 60JIblllOM BTYJIKe HMeeTCH 60KoBoe oTBepcTHe,
HanpaBJIeHHOe B,lI.OJIb OCH. B 31'0 OTBepCTHe BBepHYT BHHT-perYJIHTOp 21
nOJI.84H MaCJI8 B 4eJIHOK. 3a,ll.HHH KOHYCHbIH KOHeu. 23 3Toro BHHT8 ne-
..
159

l"'Ol'PDJI.>Q<:::1 UI'J:><:::pL.lI1C """I:, CUO::JJ,H1UllU1.U,O::I:: bblrU4'KY LJ IIa 3a.nlleH DT}.1KC
6 C nOJlOCTblO KapTepa.
B TOpeI.t nepe.nllero KOIII.ta qeJlHOqHOrO na,,1HKa BBepHYT llITYI.tep 15.
B oceBoe oTBepCTl-le llITYI.tepa BJlD>KeH HTHJlb 11, cB060.nHbIH KOHeI.t
KOToporo BXO;J.I-IT B oTBepcTHe 7 Da.'lIfKa 'leJiHOKa.
Ha KOHHIIeCKOH TOPI.tOBOH nOBepxHoCTII IlITYI.tepa HMeeTCH He60"lb-
IlIO!'! KaHaJi 16, KOTOpbIH coe.n:HIIHeT oceBoe oTBepcTHe IlITYI.tepa C KO.lb-
ueBbIM na30M 17 qeJlHOKa. KOJlbI.teBOII na3, 13 CBOIO Oqepe.n:b, BepTH-
KaJIbHblM KaHaJIOM 18, ropH30HTaJIbHblM KaHaJIOM 20 coe.rr.HHeH C Ha-
npaBJIHlOIII.H'\1 na30M 19, K KOTOPOMY no.n:aeTCH MaCJIO .n:JIH CMa3bIBaHHH
TPYIII.HXCH nOBepxHoCTeH 1JeJIHOKa. B BbITOqKY 17 BJIO>KeHO He60.1bIlIoe
eTpoBoe KOJIbUO (Ha pHCYHKe He nOKa3aHO). Depe.n:HHH TOpeU BbIT01J-
KH 3aKpblT 3arJIYIlIKOH 14. CHapY>KH KaHa.'lbI 18 II 20 TaK>Ke 3aKpbITbJ
3arJIYIlIKai\m, npenHTcTByIOIltHMH BbITeKaHHIO MaCJIa.
MacJIo B qeJIHOK no.rr,aeTCH H3 KapTcpa CJIe.n:YIOIII.HM 06pa30M (Ha
pHC. 121 nYTH .n:BH>KeHHH MaCJIa nOKa3aHbI YC.l0BHbIMH JIHHHHMII)
DpII BpaIlteHHH IlIeCTepeH MaCJIO B KapTepe pa36pbl3rHBaeTCH H no-
na.n.aeT Ha BbleMKY 2 60JIbIlIOM BTy.IlKH 8, H qepe3 oTBepCTHe 3 3TO
MaCJIO nona.n.aeT Ha 3a.n:HlOIO CnHpaJIb 4 1JeJIH01JHOrO BaJIHKa. CnHpa.lb
4 rOHIIT MaCJIO K oTBepcTHIO 5, 1Jepe3 KOTopoe OHO BXO.n:HT B oceBoe
oTBepcTlIe 7. 113 oTBepcTHH 7 1Jepe3 60KOBOIl KaHaJI 16 IlITyuepa 15,
a 3aTeM 1Jepe3 BbIT01JKY 17, BepTHKa.IlbHbIM KaHa.Il 18 H ropH30HTaJIb-
HblM KaHaJI 20 MaCJIO nOCTynaeT K HanpaBJIHIOIlteMy na3Y 1JeJIHOKa, H
TaKHM 06pa30M CMa3bIBaeTCH nOHCOK IlInYJIe.n:ep>KaTeJIH.
I.J:acTb MaCJIa, nOCTynalOIltero B oceBoe OTBepCTIle 7 1JeJIH01JHOrO
BaJIHKa, 1Jepe3 3aJI.Hee paJI.HaJIbHOe oTBepcTHe 1, BbIT01JKY 25 H oTBep-
CTHe 24 OTBO.n:HTCH 06paTHo B nOJIOCTb KapTepa. KOJIH1JCCTBO OTBOH-
Moro MaC.'la 3aBHCHT OT Toro, HaCKOJIbKO KOHYCHblIl KOHeu 23 BHHTa-
perYJIHTOpa nepeKpwBaeT oTBepcTHe 24. ECJIH perYJIHTp 21 nOHO-
CTblO nepeKpoeT 3TO OTBepCTHe, TO Bce MaC"10, no.n:aBaeMoe B oceBoe
oTBepcTHe 7 BaJII1Ka 1JeJIHOKa, 6y.n:eT nOJI.a,BaTbCH 1JeJIHoKY. ECJIH j/{e
3TO oTBepCTHe MaJIO nepeKpbIBaeTcH KOHYCOM pery.1HTopa 21, TO :\Iac-
.10 n01JTH Bce 6y.n:eT BbIX0.n:HTb 06paTHO B KapTep H Ha 1JeJIHOK nOna.1eT
He60JIbIlIOe KOJIH1JeCTBO. CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, nOBopOTOM no 'IaCDBO" CTpeJI-
Ke BHHTa 21 KOJIH1JeC11BO nocTynael\lOro MaCJIa B 1JeJIHOK 6YJI.eT YBe-
,lHlleHO.
DpH 3KCnJIyaTaI.tHH MaIlIHHbI MaCJlO B KapTepe HY>KHO nepHOJI.Hlle-
CKH 3aMeHHTb <:Be>KHM H, KpoMe Toro, He06xo.n:HMO nepHo.n:H1JecKH KOHT-
pO"lHpoBaTb no.n:allY MaCJIa B 1JeJIHOK.
LLJIH npoBcpKH nOJI.a1JH Macna HY{HO npe.n:BapHTeJIbHO CHHTb qen-
HOI{ C 1JeJIH01JHOrO BaJIHKa. DoJI. 1JeJIHOqHbIll Ba.1HK He06xo.n.u:'10 nO:J:-
JIO>KHTb JIHCT 1JHCTOH 6YMarH, H npH nycKe MaIlIHHbI MaCJIO H3 IlITYU C -
pa 15. 6y.n:e BbIX0JI.HTb Hapy{y Ha JIIICT 6YMarH. Do TO !\I)', KaKOH !\I2C-
.IlHHblH CJIOH nOJIY1JHTCH Ha JIHCTe 6YMarH, MO>KHO CYJI.IITb 0 nO:J:31Je
MaCJIa Ha 1JeJIHOK.
LLJIH HOpMaJIbHOH CMa3KH JI.OcTaT01JHO, 1JT06LI npH TaKoH npoBepKe
3a I !\IHH Ha JIHCTe 6YManl o6pa30BaJIaCb MaC.'JHHaH nOJIOCKa IlIIIpH- I i
HOH 2-2,5 M, -
DOJI.a1Ja MaCJla B 1JeJIHOK 3aBHCHT OT nJIOTHOCTH 3anpeccoBKH H-
160
THJIH 1/ 'B IlITYI.tepe 15. npH 3aMClle HTHJIH He06xo.D:I-IMO CJle..'l.l-ITb 3a
nJIOTIIOCTbfO ero nOca.D:KH B IIlTyI.tep. npH 4pe3MepHo nJIOTHOfl 3anpec-
COBM' cpllTHJIb He 6y.n:eT nponYCKaTb MaCJIO B 4eJIHOK.
J\'\exaHH3M .n:BHraTeJIH TKalIH no KOHCTPyKUHH OTJIHqaeTCH OT Mexa-
HH3'11 a \Ia WIiHbl 22-A KJIaCCa H HMeeT CJIe.n:YIOIltee YCTPOHCTBO (pHC.
120 II IHiC. 122).
LlsiIraTeJIb TKaHH 35 3aKpenJIeH .n:BYMH BHHTaMH Ha pbIqare 36,
wapHllpllo coe.n:HHeHHOM 'C npoYIlIHHaMH BaJIa no.n:a1JH 37 BaJI no.n:a'-lH
Kalla fe.lbHoe .n:BH{eHHe nOJIY1JaeT OT HH{l/erO BaJla 12, Ha KOTOpOM
3aKpenJleH BHHTOM 20 Kopnyc 19 3KcueHTpHKa 21 (CM. pHC. 120)
3KCI.teHTpHK OXBaTbliBaeTCH rOJIOBKOH waTYHa 45. B rOJIOBKy IlIaTY-
Ha nOCa)l{eH HrOJIb1JaTblll no.n.WHnHHK (CM. pHC. 120, 6) DpOYIlIHHbI
.n:bIWJIa 45 coe.n:HHeHbI IlIapHHpHoll OCblO 42 C npoYIlIHHaMH Coe.n:HHH-
Te"lblloro 3BeHa 43 H C BepxHeIf rOJIOBKOIf BepTHKaJIbHOrO 3BeHa 44.
Coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOe 3DeHO 43, B CDOIO 01Jepe.n:L, ,coe.n:HHeHO IlIapHHpHO C
KOpOMbICJIOM 41 BaJIa no.n.a1JH.
B l\leXaHM3Me HMeeTCH YCTPOHCTBO, C nOMOIltLIO KOToporo HanpaB-
neHlIe nepeMeIlteHHH MaTepHaJIa H3MeHHeTCH C npHMoro Ha 06paTlioe.
'CTpO(,1I0 OHO CJIe.n:yIOIltHM 06pa30M (CM. pHC. 120, a).
Ba.l 48 06paTHoM no.n:a1JH TKaHH nOMeIlteH B oTBepcTHH npUJIHBa
n:laT9pMbI. Ha ero 3a.n:HeM KOHue HMeeTCH KopoMwcno 49, IlIapHHp-
HO coe.n:IlHeHO THrOli 50 C pblllaroM 51. DpY>KHHa 52 CTpeMHTcH nd-
BepH}"Tb BaJI 48 no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJIKe; pbl1Jar 51 npH 3TOM ynHpaeTl:H
B BCpXHIOlO cTeHKY BepnIKanbHoro OKHa PYKaBa. Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHue
Bana 48 3aKpenneHo KOpOMbICJIO 46. HH>KHHH ronOBKa KOpOMblCJIa
>KeCTKO OCblO 39 coe.n:HHeHa C nepeJI.HHM KOpoMbIcnoM 40, 3aKpenneH-
HbL\I lIa BTopol1 OCH 38. OCb 38 BXO.n:HT B oTBepcTHe nJIaTOpMbl H
pacno.lml{eHa npoTllB Bana 48.
LLBa KOpOMbl'CJIa 46, 40, OCb 39 npe.n:cTaBJIHIOT c060H KoneHO Bana
48. Ha OCH 39 IlIapHHpHO nOCa)l{eHa HH{l/HH ronOBKa BepTHKanbHoro
3Bell3 44. DpH npaIlteHHH HH>KHerO Ba.'la 3KcueHTpHK 21 c006IltaeT
.n:bIIlIJ1Y 45 npo.n:OJIbHOe nepeMeIltCHlIe. I.J:epe3 IlIapHHp 42 H coe.n:HHH-
Te"lLHoe 3BeHO 43 3TO nepeMeIII.eHHe npe06pa30BLl'BaeTcH B KallaTenb-
Hoe lI.BmKeHlIe KOpOMLl:CJIa 41 H Bana no.n:a1JH.
BepnIKanbHoe nepeMeIlteHHe .n:BHraTeJIb TKaHH nOJIY1JaeT OT Bana
no.n:'be:l1a, KOTOpbIll TaK>Ke nOJIYllaeT Ka1JaTenbHoe .n:BH{eHHe OT BTO-
poro 3KCI.teHTpHKa 14, 3aKpenneHHoro Ha HH>KHeM BaJIY 12. 3KcueHT-
pHK 14 OXBaTblBaeTCH ronoBKoH IlIaTYHa 15. DpaBbll1 KOHeu. IlIaTYHa 15
wapHHpllo COeJI.HHeH C KOpOMbJ.CJIOM 13 Bana no.n:'beMa 32.
PerynHpoBaHHe BenH1JHHbl IlIara CTp01JKH OCYIltCCTBnHeTcH H3MeHe-
HIlC:\t 3hCueHTpI1CHTeTa 3KCuellTpI1Ka 21 LLeTaJIH perYJIHpye:llOro 3KC-
ueH:rpHKa YKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 120, 8.
B Kopnyce 19, >KeCTKO 3aKpenneHHoM Ha HH>KHeM Bany, HMeeTCH
na3 29, B KOTOpbIH BXO.n:HT non3YH 31 3KCueHTpHKa 21 Ha nOJI3YHe
-cBepxy 3aKpenJIeH naneu C pOJIHKOM 30. Ha UHnHH.n:pH1JeCKHH XBOCTO-
EHK Kopnyca 19 CB060JI.HO nOCa>KeHO KonbUO 18, Ha nepe.n:Hell TOpUO-
Boii n013epXHOCTH KOToporo H!\teeTCH 3KCu.eHTpH1JHbIH na3 27 B BbIT01J-
Ky KO.'JLI.ta 18 BXOJI.HT TopM03HaH npY>KHHa 17, KOTopaH no.n:>KHMaeTCH
cTonopllwM KonbUOM 16, 3aKpenneHHbIM Ha X'BOCTOBHKe Kopnyca 19.
6 o 161

POJlHK :W 'lepe3 OKHO B Kopnyce 3KClJ,eHTpHKa BXO.nHT B na3 27 KOJlL-
lJ,a 18. DpH BpamCHI:III KOJlbl.\a 18 OTHOCHTeJlbHO Kopnyca 19 3KClJ,l'IlT-
pH'IHbIH na3 27 Ilepe3 pOJlHK 30 H naJlelJ, nepeMemaeT nOJI3)'1l BMCCTe
C 3I<!ClJ,eHTpHKoM 21 no na3Y 29 Kopnyca H ,eM caMblM H3MeHHCT 3KC-
lJ,eHTpHCHTeT 3KCu.eHTpHKa 21.
.lJ.JlH perYJlHpOBaHHSI llIara CTpO'lKH B nJIanj)opMe HMeeTCSI KHonKa.
DpH HaLKHMe JlCBOH PYKOH Ha KHonKY ee HHLKIIHH KOHelJ, BXO.n:HT B na3
33 KOJlblJ,a 18 H 3anlipaeT ero.
3aTeM .n:JlSI H3MeHeHIISI 31\.C-
ueHTplicHTeTa nOBOpa'lIlBaIOT
npaBoH PYKOH 3a MaXOBIlK
rJlaBHbIll BaJl MallIlllIbI II HHiK-
HHH Ba.'I BMeCTe C KopnycOl\l
19. nOBOpOTOM Kopnyca 19
OTHOCI1TeJIbI-IO KOJlbua 18 npo-
nCXO.'1.HT, KaK YKa3bIBaJlOCb
BblllIe, H3MeHeHile 3KcucIITpn-
CilTeT3 y 3Kcu..eHTpnKa 2/
oj rJoc.'Ie npcKpameHIISI Ha>KIIM:J
Ha KHonKY npYiKlIHa no'l.
KHonKoii nOll.HlIMaeT ee BBepx
II BbIBO;J.IIT ee KOHeu 113 na3a
33 KOJIbua 18.
I13McHeHIIe HanpalJ.'IClIllSl
nepeMCmelIIHI MaTepnaJIa Ha
06panlOc ocyrn.ecTHJlSleTCSI
onycKaHIIcM raweTKII 9 BHH3
(CM. pHC. 120), npH 3roM Pbl-
 'Iar 51 'Iepe3 TSlry 50 nOBo3-
PHC. 122. CxeMa McxaHII3Ma ABHraTCJlH '-IHBaeT Ba.'l 48 npo1TIB '1aco-
TKaHH MaWIIHbl 97-ro KJlaCCa BOil CTpCJlKH. OCb 39, SlB.IJSIlO-
ll.\aSlCSI "IPiWii I<OJlcua oa.lJa
48, nepeMern.aeTcfI BnpaBo H 3aHHMaeT lI.pyroe nO,'lO>KeHHe, alIa.'IOrIf'l-
Hoe llIapHHpy 3 (CM. puc. 108) B MexaHH3Me MallIHHbI 22-A 1';,'Iacca.
Ha pHC. 122 YKa3aHa cxeMa 3Toro YCTPollcTBa. B nOJlO>KeHHH, YKa-
3aHHOM Ha pHC. 122, a, OCb 2 (CM. OCb 39 pHC. 120) pa'cno.'laraeTCSI
CJleBa OT Be pTl-IKa.'IH, npoxo.n:Slrn.eH 'Iepe3 OCb BaJIa 1 (CM. Ba.a 48 Ha
pac. 120); B 3TOM cJlY'Iae pelIKa nepeMern.aeT MaTepHaJl OT pa60TaIo-
rn.ero. B nOJIO>KeHHH, YKa3aHHOM Ha pHC. 122, 6, 6JIaroapfl nOBopoT
BaJia 1 nponiB '1aCOBOII CTpe.IJKU (KaK YKa3LIBaJlocb BLlllIe) OCb 2 ne-
peMecTH.'laCb BnpaBo OT BCpTHKaJlJI H pellKa nepCMC'CTIf.aa MaTepna.1
I-Ia pa60TalOrn.ero.
DOBOpOTOM BHHTa 5 (CM. pH-C. 120) perYJIHpyeTcfI .n:aB.1eIlIIe n.'JOc-
KOM npYLKHHbJ 6 Ha cTcpiKeHb JIanKH.
Ha 6a3e MallIlIHbI 97-ro KJIaCca C03.n:aHbl BapHaHTbl MallIHH, npe.!/.-
Ha3Ha'leHHble .n:JIfI BLInO.IJHeHHSI pa3JIH'IHbIX onepauufi. Ha3Ha'leHIlC :\Ia-
llIHH C KpaTKoii OTJlH'IHTeJIbHOH oc06eHHocTblO npHBOJI:lITCSI HII>Ke. ,
97-ro KJIaCca -oa30Bafl MallIHHa (n = 5000 06/MUH)
97-A KJIaCCa - npe.J.Ha3Ha'leHa J1.JIH Tex LKC ue.'lell, HO H:\fCeT 4a-
162
CTOT} BpaIl.\eH1I5J rJlaBHoro Ba.1a n=5500 06/MHH. L!.cIITpaJ11f30B811_
Hafl CMaKa - OT Hacoca.
97-B K:JaCCa - C 06.nylBK0i1 HrJlbl B03.n:YllIHo-Bo.nflHoH CMeCblO.
297-ro KJlaCCa - .n:JISI 'CTa'lHBaHHSI TKaHeH KOCTIOMHOH H naJIbTO-
BblX rpynn c noca.n:Koii HH>KIIl'll TKaHH H 06pe3Koil KpaSl TKaHIf (n=
=2500 06/fIlH).
397-ro K.1acca - .n:.'lSl CTa4HBaHHSI TKaHeH 6eJlb€'Boii H KOCTIOMHOH
rpynn C oope3KoH Kpafl TKaHH (11 =4500 06/MHH)
597-,\\ K.'laCCa - C OTKJIOHSlJOmeHcfI IfrJlOH (n=4500 06/MHH).
597 - B KJlaCCa - C OTKJIOHfllOrn.cilcfl I1r Jloii n 06.n:YBKOH Hr JIbl B03-
.n:YllIHO-BO;J.flHOH CMeCbJO.
697-ro KJlaCCa - C .n:mj)ej)cpeHL\HaJIbHOH no.n:a4eH TKaHH (n=
=4500 06hfHH).
797-ro KJIacca - .n:ByxnrOJIbHafl .n:JISI CTa4HBaHHSI C OJ1.HOBpeMHHoH
06pe3KoII H 06MeTKoH KpaSl .n:eTaJleii (n=4500 06/MHH).
897-ro KJIa'cca - C BepxHHM .n:BliraTeJIeM l'KaHIi.
997-ro KJIa-cca - C MexaHH3MOM 06pe3KH IIUTOK H OCTaHOBOM HrJIbI
B BepxlIe:\1 nOJIOLKeHHH (n=5000 06/M!-IH)
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n=4000 06/:\IIfH.
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27 Ha CTepmHe JIanKI-I. B nepuoJI. nOJI.aqu, Koma TpaHenopnIpYIOlI1. aH
.'ldnKa CBOI-lMH 3y6bSIMI-I nepe!\lew.aeT BepxHlolO TKaHb, Ha>l<HMHaSI JIan-
Ka HClXO,.'l.I-ITCSI B no.n:HHTOM nOJlO>KeHI-III, LJTo6bl He McmaTb npo.n:BU>Ke-
lIHIO TKaHH; B TOT me nepllO.n:, Kor.n:a lIrJIa Haxo.n:UTCSI B TKaHI-I, Ha
mHMlIaH JIanKa YJI.ep>KHBaeT TKaHb, a TpaHcnopTupY10W.aSI .'JanKa npo-
XO.'1.HT Ha,.'l. TKaHblO, B03Bpaw.aSICb B CBoe HCXO.ll.HOe nOJIOmeHHe.
f10..1.'bC:\1 I-I onyeKaHue 06eux JIanOK B Hc06xo,il,I-IMOfl nOCJle.n:OBaTeJIb-
HOC rII npOU3Bo.n:SITCSI O,.'l.HHI\I 06w.U:\1 KOM6uHI-IpOBalllIblM MeXalII-I3MOM,
UMelOWIlM YCTPOHCTBO, aHaJIOrHqHOC MexaHU3MY 47-ro KJIaeca. Ha
r.la,BHO:\1 ua.1Y MaWHHbI CMOHTupoBaH 3KCu.eHTpHK 11 (CM. puc. 125) C
pery.llIpYC:\1bIM 3KcueHTpucuTeToM. .lJ.blWJIO /0, OXBaTbIBaIOILlce 3T'JT
3KCU eHT PUK, CBSI3aHO e KOpOMbl'CJIOM 9, 3aKpenJICHHblM Ha KOHue Ka-
'IaIOluerOC5I Ba.'la. Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHue 3Toro naJIa 3aKpenJIeHa BUJIKa
2, U KOTOPYIO BXO.n:UT KaMCHb 3, CH.n:HW.I-III lIa naJIbue yrJIOBOrO .n:BY-
ll.n'qero pLl4ara 1, KOTOpbli'1 H ncpc,.'I.aeT .n:BII>I\:eHue oueHM JIanKaM.
B3auMHaH eBSI3b .n:eTaJIell nO,il,'beMa JIanOK nOKa3aHa Ha pue. 125.
Pacno.10}!(eHIie .n:eTaJIell Ha pueYlIKe eooTBeTcTByeT BIIJI.Y C nepeJI.Hci-i:
CTOpOllbl MaWUIlLl Ha ee <j)pOHTOBylO qaCTb. LI.BynJIeqI-lH pblqar 1 BXO-
168
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PHC. 126. MCX3HH3M HO>Kcii MaW}:"bl 297-ro
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Hbl n.IOrHO COnpHKaCaTbCH, <  ..
3.1eKTpJt'leCKaH OlrHaJlIUaUlIS1 J..t,lH OblCTpOIl YCTallOBhll II per)-
JlHpC)H311I1H Be.IHlIHII1 noca..'!KH B:vJeCTO :\1JlOy..'!06110ii WK:'lbl C )'1\LJ3a-
Te.1C:\-1 :\13WIIHa CII3mKeH3 3.1CKTpJl4l'CKOil CHrHa.1113aI..\Hell C OKpaIlIH-
B3e\1bl:\-1lf B pa3Hbill UBl'T JlJ-IH3alH. IlpoBo..'!a, 1I0:BO.aHILllIl' TOh K 3.1l'-
KTpo.Ia:vJnOlIKaM, H:\ICIOT TaK>Ke 01'.111411)'10 ..'!.151 KaiK.J.oii :13:\Ul04KII
UBeTIIYIO OnJIeTJ,y - il<c.1Toro,
KpaCHoro, KoplI4HeBoro, 6c.'10-
ro, 3eJIeHOrO H CHHero UBeTOB I
(pHC. 127)
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PHC. 127. 3nCKTpH'ICCKaH CXCMa
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PHC. 128. CxeMa CBCTOBOro YKa-
3aTCJlH BCJlH'IHHbl nocallKH
I\O:vJ:\iVTaTOpHbIe ..1aMn04KH (KM-12X 105) .n:JIH HanpH>KeHlHJ 12 B
nOJIY'lalOT nHTallHC 01' TpaHccj)opMaTopa (OC-0,03, 30 BT. 220/127-
- I 2 B). B pa60Te Bcer.rra HaX0Jl.IITCH TOJIbKO O,!J.Ha JIaMnO'IKa, YKa3bl-
BalOlllaH CTeneHb noca.n:KH,
fIpl1 caMOM BepxHeM nOJIO>KeHHH pbl43ra CKO.'1b3Hlllero KOIITaKTa
(P Ha cxeMe) , Kor.n:a ropHT 3eJIeHaH .TIaMn04Ka, MalllHHa pa60TacT C
IlC60JIhWOH noca.n:KoM.
Ha pHC. 127 .n:aHa nOJIHaH 3JIeKTpOCxeMa co cxeMa;\OIH COe.l!.HHeIlIHI
nepBH4Holl 06MOTKH TpaHccj)opMaTopa C 06:\lOTKOM 3.'1eKTpO'lBHraTCJISI
lllBeMlloM :\lalllIiHbl .rr.'lH HanpH>KelHfSl ceTH 220 H 380 B.
KOHCTpYKTHBHaH cxe!>la CBeTOBoro YKa3aTeJIH noca.n:KH H306paiKe-
Ha Ha pHC. 128.
Ha pYKaBe MalllHHLl 3aKpenJIeH yrOJIbHHK I, H3rOTOBJIeHHblM 113 <:0-
OTBC rCTBYIOlllero H30nHUHOHHoro MaTepHaJIa H HeCYlllHH nHTb n aTYH-
HblX KOHTaKTOB 2. nO.n:BH1KHLlll KOHTaKT 3 TaK>Ke JIaTYHHbIii, BCTaBJIeH-
HLlii CBOOO.n:HO B oTBepcTHe H30nHTopa, npH>KIIMaeTCSI K KOHTaKTHOi\1Y
: ionbHHKY npY>KHHOM 4. CaM H30JIHTOp BHHTOM 9 3aKpenneH H3
170
UlIIII.1bKe 7 nOBopoTIIoru pbl'lara 5. Billi r /0. llBepH\"Tblii B IHO.'1HTOp,1.0
hOllT3Kr<.I C npYiKHHoii 4, HB.1JleTCH llBO.'lOM 3.11.'KTpH4CcKoro TOKa. 01'
no.n:'BHiKHbIX KOHTaKTOB OTXO.nSJT npoBo.na K Ka>K.noH H3 nHTH .la:vIn04eK,
C JlIlH3a"fH onpe.n:eJIeHHOrO UBeTa.
Bee 3TH .la!\1n04KH CMOHTHpOBallLI B 06111ell Kop06Ke, npHKpen.1eH-
HOM CH!!3)' K PYKaBY MaWHllbl. OHH nOJI)4aIOT 'TIInaHHe 01' BTOpH4HOi
06MOl'K!! TpallccpopMaTopa 11 npH nO,il,'beMe llITaHrH 6 no.n:BHiKIIbllf
KOIlTaKr 8 6yn.eT nepe:\lelllaTbcS! no .n:re OKPY:iKHOCTH, 3aMblKaH Ilenb
cOOTBeTCT'B\'I0111eM JIaMnO'IKH. 3aMblKaHHe HH>KHerO KOHTaKTa COOl'BeT'
CTBVeT Be.1H4IfHe nOCalJ.KH 4%, 3aMbIKaHHe BToporo - 8%, 3aMb1'Ka-
Hlle' BepXHero - 25 %.
7 MauHlHa 202-ro Knacca nM3
r
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npoHM)" llIBeifHblx If3n.e.'lJIM ,KOCTIOMHOli Ii naJIbTOBOM rpynnbI <: O,il,HO-
Bpe\1eHHOH noca1I:Koii 'BepXHeH TKanH. .
.110 nOCJ1e..'1.Hero BpOleHH IBTa411iBaHHe PYKaBa B npOIfMY npOH3BO-
JUIJIOCb Ha YHHBep<:a.'1LHbIX lllBeHHblX MallIHHax noc.'le npeJI.BapHTenb-
HOM onepauHH BMeTbl'BaHHSI, KoropylO MO>KHO 6LlJIO BbITIOJIHHTb TOJIbKO
BpyqHYIO. Bo BpeMH BMeTbIBaHHSI npOH3Bo.n:JIJIaCb BPY'4HYIO If nOCaD:Ka
TKaHH pYKaBa, TaK KaK npH pa60Te Ha 06bl4HbiX >CTa4HBalOlllHX MallIH-
lIax HeB03MO>KHO 06ecne4HTb npaBHnbHOM noca.n:KH.
npHMeHeHHe B npOMblllIJIeHHOCTH MaWHH 202-ro K.'1aC<:a .n:nH ,!J.aHHOM
onepaUHH nOBbIllIaeT npOH3'Bo.n:1iTe.TlbHOC1'b Tpy.n:a B 3-4 pa3a no >cpaB-
HeHHIO C -npe}KHHM MeTo.n:OM pa60TbI.
r naBHoH oco6eHHocTblO MallIHIIbl, onpe.n:enSllOllleA ee B03MO>KHOCTb
npOH3BOJI.HTb noca.l!..KY TRaHH, )[BnHeTCH YCTPOHCl'BO HH>KHeM H BepXH(M
no.n:aqn: HJl>KHHH no.n:a4a ocymeCTBJIHel'CH 3y64al'OH peMKoH, Bepx-
HHH - TpaHCnOpl'HpYlollleH JIanKoi'l, cHa6>KeHHOH 3y6b5IMH. nOcaJI.Ka
TKaIlH npoH>cxo.n:HT oTroro, '41'0 BepXHeMY H HH>KHeMY TpaHcnopTH'PYIO-
llleMY o}>raHY .n:aIOTCH HeoJI.IfHaKOBble npo.n:BH>KeHHH.
Ma'll1HHa 202-ro KJIaC'ca pa60TaeT c nOCaJI.KOH !BepXHeM l'KaHIi, no-
3TOMY 60JIbllIHH XOJI. B npouecce nepeMemeHHH MaTepHaJIa .n:O.1>KHa
HMeTb BepXHHH TpaHcnopTHpYlOlllaSl JIanKa: Ha4aB <:Boe npo.n:BH}KeHHe
o.n:nOBpeMeHHO C HH>KIIeH peMKOM, OHa npoxo.n:HT 60JIbllIHM nYTb. 113
3Toro BH.n:HO, 41'0 BenH4HHa nocaJI.KH onpe.rreJIHel'CH TonbKO pa3HOCTbi0
XO.n:OB TpaHcnopTHpYlOmeil nanKJl H HH>KHeM peMKIf.
CJIeJI.yel' OTMeTJlTb, 41'0 npH onepaUHII .BTa4HBaHHH pYKaBa B
npOHMY BenH4HIIa nOcaJI.KH no nepHMeTpy npOMMbI He OCTaeTCS!. nocTO-
HHHOM: HaH60nbllIaSI noca.n:Ka npOH3BOJI.HTCSI Bcer.n:a I1a nepe.n:HeH 4aCTH
non04KII BHH3 01' n.'1e4eBOro llI'Ba H Ha !IH>J<HeM 430CTH npofiMbl cnHHKIf,
a Ha OCT'aJlbHbIX Y4aCTKax OHa 6bIBaeT He3I1a4I1Te.1LHO!1. KpoMe Toro,
.n:.'lH pa3JIIf4IIblX H3..'!e.'lIfH Tpe6yeTcH pa3.'1H4HaH nocan.Ka.
Ha pJle. 129 nOKa3aHbl Y4aCT'KI-I TRaHH pYKaBa, KOTopble Tpe6ylOT'
pa3HoH nOCaJI.KH Ha pa3nHQHblX Y4acTKax npOliMbl. BenH4IfHbi nocan.KII
Ha pa3JIH4HblX Y4acTKax npoHMbI npHBe.n:eHbI B Ta6.1. 15.
YCTpoikTBO MaUlHHbI (pIfC. 130). Kopnyc MaWlIHbI COCTOHT H3 py-
171

B ropH30ilTaJlbHOii 'IaCTH pYKaB3 B Tpex onopHhlX I3TYJIK3'\ _ nc-
peJUIeii, cpe..'l.Iwii H 3aJJ.HeH CMOIITHpOBaIl I' JIa 13 ilhlii BaJI MalllHHbl 1, ne-
......................_.. ...,.....&J..'-' upa-
lLleUlHl 'leJIHOKa CMOIlTHpoBaHO B KOJIOHKe. flepe.ll.a'la OT rJIaBHOrO
Ba.'la K lleJIHoKY COCTOHT H3 CJIe.ll.YlOlLlHX 3JIeMeHTOB: 6apa6aHa 2 Ha
r.'1a'BIIO\1 BaJIY .n:JIH TeKCTHJIbHOrO peMHH, TeCTHJIbIlorO peMH5J 3 co
cKpenKa:\IH, 6apa6aHa 4 Ha HH>KHeM BaJIY nJIanpOpMbl, HH>KHerO (lIeJI-
H04110fo) BaJIa 7, BHHTOBOii lllecTepHH 13 Ha HH>KHeM 'BaJIY, BHHTOBOH
llleCTepIlH 10 Ha HH>KHe:\1 KOHue BepTHKaJIbHOrO BaJIa KOJIOHKH, BaJIa
KOJIOIlKII 14, Ha BepxHeM KOHue ,KoToporo CMOHTHpoBaHO 4eJIH04HOe
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(pHC. 129, """ JJ;eMHCeSOH- MY)f(crroe "" MaJlbtJHKOs..
a-D) "'- Hoe JleTHee ..- lllKO.llhHHKOB
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",,,, 129, 6) "'''' 129, D)
t::o.. .:::
I 18 17 12,5 17,9 22
II II 17 3,2 7,6 14
III 7 8,2 2,9 17,5 9,1
IV - 14,3 3,6 12 16,5
V - L3,5 0 7,7 -
VI 17 10,4 16,4 -
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PHC. 129. Y'laCTKH npoiiMbl, Tpe6YIOHe nocaAKH TKaHl1
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06II\ee nepeJI.aTOllHoe OTHOllleHHe I 2, T e. 4eJIHOK JI.eJIaeT .n:Ba
060pOTa 3a O.n:HH 060POT rJIaBHoro BaJIa.
YCTpOHCTBO H pa60TY MexaHH3Ma HH>KHeH nOJI.a4H MO>KHO npOCJIe-
.n:I1Tb no .cxeMe MalllHHbI,Ha pHC. 130.
HmKHSISI 3y64aTaSI peHKa pa60TaeT, KaK 06bIKHoBeHHbIH .n:BHra-
TeJIb l'KaHH. XO.n:OM peHKH onpe.n:eJISIe'J1CSI JI.JIHHa CTe>KKa, BepXHSISI >Ke
TpaHcnopTHpYlOruaSI JIanKa CJIY>KHT r,1IaIBHbIM 06pa30M JI.JISI noca.n:KH
MaTepHaJIa. MexaHH3M HH>KHeH nOJI.allH COCTOHT H3 60JIblllOrO lIH'CJIa
3BeHbeB, LITO BbI3blBaeTCSI KOJIOHKOBblM THnOM MaWHHbl.
lIa lIe.JIH04HOM Ba.JIY' 3aKpen.JIeH perY.JIHpyeMblH 3KcueHTpHK, KOTO-
pblii OX'BaTbIBaeTCSI rOJIOBKOH .n:blWJIa H.JIH llIaTYHa no.n:a4H 8. nepe.n:-
HSISI rO.JIOBKa 3Toro waTYHa wapHHpHo CBSI3aHa C KOpOMbIC.JIOM 6 Ba.JIa
no.rr,a4H 9. OT Ba.JIa nOJI.a4H .lIiBH>KeHHe nepe.n:aeTcSI pLl4ary nOJI.a4H 11,
01l.HH KOHel\ KOToporo wapHHpHo CBSI3aH C YlliKaMH Ba.JIa, a .n:PyroH
KOlIel\ HeceT 'BH.JIKY, oXBaTbIB31OIUYIO 3KcUeHTpHK no.n:'beMa 12 Ha lIe.JI-
HO'-lHOM Ba.JIY
C pbI4aroM no.n:a4H CBSI3aHa WTaHra 15, CMOHTHpoBaHHaSI B KO.JIOH-
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BI1I{ 3y64aToH peHKH. WTaHra B npol\ecce pa60Tbl cOBepwaeT KO.JIe6a-
Te.JIbHble JI.BH>KeHHSI, OTK.JIOHSISICb TO B o.n:HY, TO B .n:pyrylO CTOPOHY, a
KpOMe Toro, OHa no.n:HHMaeTCSI H onYCKaeTCSI B BepTHKa.JIbHOM Han;:l&B-
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nOBTopSIeT ee .n:BH>KeHHSI.
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PHC. 130. CxeMa MaWHHbI 202-ro Knacca nM3
peJJ.alOU\HH .n:BH>I{eHHe BceM pa60llHM MexaHH3MaM. Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHl\e
Ra.JIa 3aKpen.'leH IlIKHB-M3XOBHK, Ha nepeJJ.HeM KOHue - KPHBOwHn Ifr-
.OBOJI.HTe.JISI H HHTenpHTSIrHBaTeJISI.
172
173

PerynHpoBaHHe .n:nHHbI CTe>KKa. llJIHHa CTe>KKa B OCII()nll()1 OlIpe-
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perYJlHpyeMblM 3KCnell'rpilKOM Ha IJeJ1HOIJHOM BaJIY no.LJ. n,18npopIOH
1\1 a llIHHbI.
TaKofi THn 3K'CueIfTpHKa - perYJISlTopa CTpOIJKH 1l0130,lL1l0 IJaCTO
npIfMeHHeTcH B lllBeHHoM Mallll1HOCTpOeHl-II-r. PerYJlHpOBalule .:J.JUIHbI
CTe>KKa npoH3Bo.n:HTCH cMellleHHeM 3KcueHTpHKa OTHOCHTeJ1bIlO OCB
BaJIa.
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PHC. 131. CxcMa MexaHH3Ma nOAa'lH rkClHH
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rHlfHO MeXmHI3:\1Y ll.LBefIHOH MalllHHbI 47.ro KJ1aCca. B nepHO.n: no.n:aIJH
M8TepH2,la IlH:iKHt'H 3y6qaTOH peii:KoH H ,BepxHeH TpanCnOpTHpYIOI:..:.::i1
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6bl Hl' npenHTcTBo13aTb npOllBmKeHHlO MaTepHaJ1a. BepxHHH TpaHcnop
THpYlOlllaH .'IanK8 'B nepHOll no.n.aIJH npH>KII:\1aeTCH CBOIDHI 3y6LHMR K
M8TcpHa.l)' Jl nepCMelllaeT ero 13 ropH30nTJIbnOM Hanpa-BJIeHHH.
no OKOnqaHIIH nO,'J,aIJH TpaHcnopTHpYIOUJ,aH .'lanKa, .n:.'1H Toro '-11'0-
(.hl BepHYTL-CH B CBoe IfCXOJI.Hoe no.'10>KeHHe, no.n:m:lMaCTCH Ha.n: MaTe-
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17-4
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HCX01J.IlT B cTporoft nOCJ1e.n:OBaTeJ1bHOCTH.
XO,J. rpaHcnopTHPYlOlllefl J1anKH B npouecce pa60Tbi :VJa'!lI1Hbl He
OCTaeTCH nOCTOHHHblM, TaK KaK Ha OTJI.eJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX npOHMbl Tpe-
u\'eTCH pa3J1HIJHaH noca.n:Ka. DbICTpoe H3MeHeHHe noca.n:KH Henocpe.n.-
C'Bellllo lIa Xo.n:y MalllHHbl OCYllleCTBJIHeTCH OC06bIM perYJIHTOpHblM
) CTpoiiCl BOM, COCTOHlllHM H3 MHomx .n:eT8J1eH H ynpaBJ1HeMLlM OT KO-
.1enlloro pblIJara.
PaCCMOTpHM Tenepb YCTpof:lCTBO MexaHH3Ma. CTep)KeHb Tpallcnop-
Tllp 100uefi JIanKIl 1 CMOHTHpOBaH B KaIJalOllleHCH paMKe 2 (pHC. 131),
BepxHJnI CBOHM )'llIKOM na.'I,eTofi Ha llIapHHpHYIO llInHJlbKY, 3aKpenJleH-
IIYlO OBOHM KOHUOM B PYKaBe. OCb 3TOH llInHJlbKH napa.'l.leJ1blIa OCH
r.laBlloro 13aJ1a.
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:\1ll0r03BeHHbIM MexaHH3MOM, nOJlY'-IalOlllHM .n:BIUI{eHHe OT rJlaBIlOrO
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pbl4ary 8, BaJlHKY 7, KOpOMbI'CJlY 6, 3BeHY 5 H .n:BynJ1eqeMY pbIIJary 4,
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8, MallIHHa 302-ro KJlaCCa nM3
npeJI.Ha3HaIJ8eTCH .n:JIH BTaqHBaHHH PYKaBa B npoHMY )J{eHCKHX
.1crKllX nJiaTbeB, KOCTIOMOB, XaJIaTOB C nOC8JI.KOH BepxHeH TKaHH. Cxe-
1\1a MalUHHbI nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 132.
MallIHHa HMeeT KOJIOHKY IBblCOTOH 30 MM H CJleAYlOlllHe MexaHH3MbI:
Hr,lJbl, HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJlH, IJeJiIIOKa, OTBo.n:IJHKa llIny.'1e.n:ep>KaTeJlH,
HJl>KllerO .n:BHraTeJ1H -TKaHH, :BepXHero JI.BHraTeJlH TKaHH, ,TJanKH H Y,CT-
poiicTBO .n:JlH HaMOTKH HHTKH. MexaHH3M HrJlbl, MexaHH3M HHTenpHTH-
rHB8TCJlH aHaJlOrHIJHbl MexaHH3MaM MaUlHHbI 202-ro KJlaCca.
4eJlHOK 25 C BepTHKaJlbHOfi OCblO Bparn.eHHH TOT )J{e, IJTO H B Ma-
llIHHe 202-ro KJlaCCa, II nOJlYIJaeT BpallleHHe 0'1' rJlaBHOrO a.TJa 1 IJepe3
KOIlIlIJeCKHe lllecTepHH 2, BepTHKaJlbHblfl BaJi 3, HH>KHIOIO napy KOHJ:IIJe-
CKlIX UJecTepeH 7, IIH>KHHff BaJ1 31, TpeTblO napy KOHHIJeCKHX llIeCTe-
peH 24, BaJi IJeJiHOKa 23.
l\\exaHH3Mbl BepxHero H HJ:I>KHerO .n:BHraTeJlefI TKaHH KOIICTPYKTHB-
HO OTJlHlJalOTCH OT MexaHH3MOB MallIHHbI 202-ro KJla'cca. HH)J{HI:lii ABH-
raTeJlb TKalIH 22, 3aKpenJleHHblH Ha pblIJare 20, BepTlIKaJ1bHOe nepe-
MCllI,CHHe nOJlYIJaeT TaK )J{e, KaK B MallIHHe 252-ro KJlaCCa, OT 3KcueHT-
pilKa 15, 3aKpen.'leHHOrO Ha HII>KHeM BaJ1Y 31, llepe3 llIaTYH 16, KOpO-
MbICJ10 14, BaJI nOll'beMa 17, nepeJI.lIee KOpOMblCJ10 18 co 3BeHOM 19.
rOpH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMeIlleHJ:Ie HH>KHHH .n:BHraTe,TJb TKaHH no.TJYIJaeT
aT BToporo 3KCUeHTpHKa 30, 3aKpenJIeHIIOrO Ha HH>KHeM BaJ1Y 31, IJe-
pC3 llIaTYH 29, pblIJar 28, KOpOMbICJIO 27, BaJI nOllalJH 26 H nepe.n:Hee
KOpOMbICJIO 21, llIapHHpHo coe.n:HIIeHHoe C pblIJaro:VJ 20.
npaBOe nJIeIJO pblIJara 28 llIapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHO C COe,1J.HHHTe.'lbHLl-
1\111 3BeHbHMH 10, n0J10>KeHHe KOTOpblX MO)J{lIO perynHpoBaTb H TeM ca-
MLI M perYJIHpOBaTb BeJIHqHHY ropH30HTaJIbHOrO nepeMeIlleHHH pblqara
28, a CJIeJI.OBaTeJ1bHO, H .n:BHraTeJ1S1 TKaHH.
175

------..... J .....'-..... .a:......'-'I...I-"...I..\....n ...." LJ.Jn-
pUHC. K BCpXHeif CTellKC :,noro na3a npY>KHHa /3 qepe3 CUCTCi\I 3rWllb-
bU
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58
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PRC. 132. CxeMa MalllHHbl 302-ro KJlIICCa nM3
49

5
r}JlllpOnallIlfi ul3ra CTpO'lKIf II MaWl:lHClX 97, 1022-ro KJlClCcon)
Mexalflf3M BepxHero Jl.BlfraTeJUI TKaHH. Bepxmrif .D:BHraTCJlb TKaHII
49, 3aKpenJleHHbili Ha CTep>KHe 50, B npollecce pa60Tbi nOJlyqaCT .D:B8
.n:BH>Kelll-lfl: BepTI-IKaJlbHOe 1-1 rOpl-l30HTaJIbHoe. MeXall1-l3M BepTIma.'lL-
1I0ro nepeMellleHl-lfi aHaJlOrl-lqeH MexaHI-I3MY MaWJlHbl 202-ro KJIaCCa.
BepTIIKaJlbHOe nep eMC ll1.eHl-le BepXHI-IH nHraTeJlb TKaHI-I nO.lyqaeT OT
3KCU e HTpi-lKa 63, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha rJIa'BHOM BaJIy, qepe3 .n:bIW.l0 62,
3a.n:Hee KOpOMhlCJIO 61, 3aKpenJIeHHOe Ha 60KOBOM BaJIY 60, nepe.n:Hee
KOpOMblCJIO 57, COeJI.I-IHI-ITeJIbHOe 3BeHO 56, yrJloBoH pblqar 55 1-1 coe.n:JI-
IlJITeJIbHOe 3BeHO 53. YrJIOBOH pblqar 55 WapHl-fpHO coe.n:UHeH C KpOIl-
WTeHHOM 54, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Ha cTep>KHe 52 npH>KI-IMHOH JIanKI-I 51
JIanKI-I nepeMew.alOTcSI nOOIJepe.n:Ho.
CBepxy Ha CTep>KeHb 52 JIanKI-I JI.aBI-IT nJIOCKaSI npY>KIiHa 58, ee
.n:aBneHl-le perYJll-lpyeTcSI BI-IHTOM (Ha pl-lCYHKe He nOKa3aHO)
CTep>KeHb 50 BepxHero JI.BHraTeJISI TKaHI-I nepeMew.aeTcSI B Kaqalo-
w.cikSI paMKe 48, wapHHpHo 3aKpenJIeHHOI! Ha OCI-I 59. rOpH30HTa.1b-
Hoe nepeMellleHHe KaIJalOw.aSICSI paMKa nOJIYIJaeT OT aJIa no.rr.aIJu.
Ha 3a.n:lIeM KOHue BaJIa no.n:aIJH 26 3aKpenJIeHO KOpOMLIcno 41, KOTO-
poe 3BeHOM 40 wapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHO C TSIrOI! 42. BepXH51SI rOJIOBKa
T5Irl-l wapHIIpHo coe.n:HHeHa C KOpOMbIC,i'JOM 43 HH>KHerO Ba.'la 44, pac-
nOJIO/KeHHOro B pYKaBe MaWHHbl. KynHcHbII! KaMeHb nepe.n:Hero KOpO-
MblC.Tla 47 BX0.n:I-fT B na3 KaqalOw.eHcSI paMKI-I 48. KaIJaHl-le OT Bana no-
11.aIJI-I IJepe3 cHcTeMY BhIWenepeIJHCJIeHHbIX 3BeHbeB nepeJI.aeTcSI KaqalO-
w.eHcSI paMKe.
.lJ.JISI o6eCneqelIHSI noca.n:KH BepxIIeH TKaIIH OTHOCHTeJIbHO HH>KHeH
B MexaHH3Me HMeeTCSI Y3eJI, n03BonSIIOw.1-I11 YBeJIHIJI-ITb ropH30HTaJIbIlOe
nepeMew.eIIl-le ,BepxHero JI.Bl-lraTeJISI TKaHH OTHOCHTenbHO HI-I>KHerO .n:BI-I-
raTeJISI TKaHI-l. Y3eJI YCTpoeH cJIe.n:YIOw.I-IM 06pa30M: HI-I>KHee nJleIJo
pblIJara (TSIfI-I) 42 WapHl-lpHO coe.n:I-IHeHO co 3BeHOM 33, KOTOpblH IJepe3
OCb coe.n:I-IHeH co BTOpblM 3BeHOM 34, 3aKpeTI.1IeHHbIM Ha Bany 38. BaJI
npoxo.n:I-IT B oTBepCTl-I1-I npl-lnl-lBa nJIan!wpMbl. Ha 3a.n:He:\I KOHue BaJIa
3aKpenJIeH pblIJar 37, KOTOpblH IJepe3 TSIry 39 coe.n:I-IHeH C npaBbIM nJle-
qOM pbIIJara 32, 3aKpenneHHbIM WapHI-I-pHbIM BI-IHTOM K 3a.n:HeMY pe6py
n.lanpopMbl MaWI-IHbI. JIeBoe nJleqo pblIJara 32 IJepe3 uenb 12, KOpO-
MbIcno H BaJI coe.n:I-IHeHO C pbIIJarOM KOJIeHHOro no.n:'beMHI-lKa 11
Ha BaJI 38 HaJI.eTa npY>KI-IHa 36, KOHeu KOTOPOI! .n:aBI-IT Ha phlIJar 37
If npl-l>KI-IMaeT ero K perynHpoBoIJHOMY BI-IHTY 35. BHHT BBe-pHYT B npl-l-
JII-IB nJIanpOpMbl. C nOMOW.blO 3Toro BI-IHTa YCTaHaBJII-IBaeTCSI HaKJIOH
3BeHa 33 K BepTIfKaJII-I TaKI-IM, n-PH KOTOpOM ropH30HTaJILIlOe nepe:\le-
w.eHl-le BepxHero .n:Bl-lraTeJISI TKaHH CTaHOBHTCSI o.n:I-IHaKOBbIM C nepel\1e-
rueHHeM HH>KHerO .n:BIfraTeJISI TKalIIi, H MaWI-IHa pa60TaeT 6e3 noca.n:-
KH BepxHero CJIOSI TKaHI-l.
.lJ.nSI nOJIYIJeHHSI noca.n:KH BepxHero CJIOSI TKaHH He06xo.n:HMO yne-
nHqHTb rOpl-l301ITaJIblIOe nepeMew.eHHe BepxHero .n:Bl-lraTenSI TKaHl1. 3TO
.n:OCTHraeTCSI nepeMew.eHHeM pbIIJara KOJIeHHOrO no.n:'beMHlIKa, npIf 3TOM
JlCBOe nJIeqo pblIJara 32 onycKaeTcSI, a npaBoe nJIe'-lO '1epe3 TSIry 39
nOBOpa'lI-lBaeT pbI'lar 37 no 'lacoBoii CTpe.'IKe. BMcCTe C HI-IM nOBopa-
'-IIfBaIOTCSI BaJI 38 H 3BeHbSI 34 H 33 no 'lacoBoii: CTpeJlKe. 3BeHo 33
177
_6
8
eB no.n:>KIlMaeT naneu pbI'lara 4, YCTaHOB.TleHIlOro Ha OCI-I 64. npn no-
BopoTe .n:HCKa 5 pbl'lar 4 nOBepHeTcSI Ha HeKoTopbIH yro.'l (OTIIOCI-I-
TeJIbHO OCI-I 64) H 'lepe3 TSIry 6, KOpoMbIcno 8 nOBOpa'lHBaeT Ban 9 c
paMKOi1. npH nOBopoTe BaJla 9 1-13MeHSIeTCSI nOJIO>KeHHe coe.n:UlII-ITC'lh-
HbIX 3BeHbeB 10 (wapHHpa 65) H H3MelISIeTCSI ropH30HTa.'lbHOe ncpe-
176

JIIIC fHrll 42 YI3CJlI-14I1BaeTcH.
6 5
---------, .. ...........J .................&.1.."'....... ."'''-t-''- ....'- ......'-
CJlc.lI.OBaTeJlbHO, Y-BeJlJ-1tIliBaeTCH H yroJi
Ka'IaHIIH HlDKllero 'BaJia 44. YBCJlH-
4HIWCT'CH 1-1 f'Opl-130HTa,fJbllOe ncpc-
MelLleHHc BepxHero .lI.BHraTCJlH.
LI..'lH no.'lYLJeIllIH 'noca.n:KII BCpX-
Hero CJ10H TKaHH Me}l{.n:y TKaHHl\t1l
3aBO;J.I-1TCH pa3,!J,CJ1HTe.TJbHaH nJla-
CTHHa 45 C y,nopoM 46 (KaK II B
MaWI-lHe 202-ro KJ1aCca) MeXaHI-131
YKa3aTe.TJH noca.n:Klf TKaHH (pH-c.
133) H:\IeeT'CJ1e,!J,YIOwee YCTpoik"flBO.
Ha BaJ1Y 2 peryJ1HTOpa noca.n:Klf
3aKpenJ1eHO KOpOMblCJlO 1, KOTOpOC
LJCpe3 THry 3, KOpOMblCJlO 4, HaJ1 5.
pbILJar-BHJ1KY 6, 'KOpOMbICJ10 7 'H Ba.l
8 'nepe.ll.aeT nepeMeW€HHe 'CTpeJ1KC
9. YKa3bIBaIOwcH ,no lliKaJ1e Be.ll1-
LJIIHY noca.n:K'H 'Bepxuero 'CJ10H TKallH.
PHC. 133. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma YKa3aTenR
nocaAKH TK8HII
9. MauHfHa 397-ro K.TJaCCa 03J1M
Ha 6a3C MallillllLl 97-ro KJlacca OplllaHcKHM 3aBo.n:OM BbmycKaeT-
-CSI BapifaHT MalllHHbl 397-ro KJ1aCCa, npe,!J,Ha3HaLJeHHOH .n:J1H 'CTaLJHBa-
HIIH TOIIKHX H cpe.!I.HHx TKaHeH C o.n:HoBpeMeHHoii 06pe3KoH KpaH l'Ka-
HH napaJ1J1eJ1bHO J1H!UHI CTpOLJKH. Do Ha3HaLJeHHIO OHa no.n:06Ha MalllH-
He 1{J1acca 22- B, HO HMeeT MeHblllHH XO.n: HO}l{a, MeHblllYIO BeJlHLJHHY
no.n:"beMa J1anKH If COOTBeTCTBeHHO MO}l{eT ClllHBaTb MeHbIllYIO T0J1111H-
H MaTepHa.TJOB,
B OTJ1HLJHe or MaIllIIHbl 97-ro KJIaCCa B MaIllHHe 397-ro KJ1aCCa IlMe-
eTCH J!.ono.TJHHTeJlbHO MexaHII3M HO}l{a, cxeMa KOToporo nOKa3aHa Ha
pHC. 134.
Heno.!I.BmKHbIH HO}l{ 20 KpenIlTCH K HrOJlbHOIf nJlaCTHHe. DO.n:BHiK
dLlii HO}l{ 19 HMeeT oCTpIle 21, KOTopoe 06J1erLJaeT npope3aHHe MaTe-
plIa.la npH BKJ1IOLJeHHH 1I0iKa B pa60T)", eCJlH HO}l{ BKJlIOLJaeTCH lie B
HaLJa.le CTaLJIrBallHH TKaHIl. OCTpHe 21 HBJ1HCTCH TaK}I{e HanpaBHTeJ1eM
BepxHero HO}l{a OTHOCHTe.lbHO HIDKHero.
BepxHIIH HO}K .n:I3} MH I3IlHTaMH 18 H lllaii601f 3aKpenJiHeTCH K .n:cp-
iKaBKe 17, 'l(BOCTOBIlK IWTOpOH 3aKpenJ1CH B KpolliliTeHlIe 16.
KpoHlllTeifH 3aKpenJ1eH CTH}I{HblM BHHTOM Ha CTep}l{He 15, KOTOpbll u ,
nepeMelllaeTCH B -HanpaBJ1HlOliteii BTYJ1Ke 14, 3aKpenJ1eHHOH B pyKaBe
MalllHHbI.
Ha CTep}l{He 15 3aKpenJleH nOBo.n:OK 12 C llanpaBJ1HIOlllHM KaMHeM
1.3, KOTOpblH nepeMelllaeTcH B ua3y BTYJ1KlI 14 H HCKJ1IOLJaeT nOBopoT
CTep}l{HH 15 BOKpyr OCH. CHapY}KH nOBo.n:OK coe.n:HHeH C maTYHoM 11,
BepxHHH r0J10BKa KOToporo OCbIO coe.n:HHeHa C .!I.ByMH 3BeHbHMH 9 II
178
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'-.Ij-'LJI... LUClp"nJ'lpJIV J Jl 0 P
Kana MaWIIHbl H 3aKpCnJJeHHOii CTonopnbrM BHHTOM. eBoe nJJe'1 LI-
4ara 4 waplfllpHo coeJJ,UHeHO C llla1'YHoll1 3.: BepxHHH rOJJOBKa IllclTyna
().:\.BaTLfBaeT 3KCl.{CH1'pUK 2, 3al<penJJCHlIblH na rJJ8BHOM BaJJY 1 Ma-
lUHIIL!. B o1'Bepc1'HH BepxlIeH rOJJOBKH lllaTyna 3 3anpeccOB8H HrO.1L-
traTbIIi nOJJ,WHnHHK.
Pbl'lar 8 BKJJIOlfeHHH MexaHH3Ma 1I0>Ka lllapHHpHO 3aKpenJJeH Ha
DCH 5 II BTOpoii OCbIO 22 (>KeCTKO 3aKpenJJeHIIOIf Ha pbI4are) COeJ],11HeH
co 3BeHOM 9. B CepeJI.HHe pbI4ara 8 Hl\IeeTCH 60JJblllOC ornep'CTHe
o 16 !\1M, B KOTopoe BXOJJ,HT pOJIHK 23 0 6 MM pbl4ara 6. PbI4ar 6 3a-
KpenJIeH Ha OCII 5.
S-06pa3'HaH npY>KHHa 7 npH>KHMaeT K pOJJHKY 23 HJIH BepxHIOIO 60-
KOR\,IO cTeHKY 01'RepCTHH pbIIlara 8, HJIII HII>KHIOIO (nplI BKJJIOIleHHII HO-
}Ka -n.'lH npH BbII<JJIOIleHHH, CM. pHC. 135, 6)
Ha pHC. 135, a nOKa3aHa cxeMa pa60Tbi MexaHH3Ma npH BKJJIOIle-
HHII nOiKa. 01' BpalllaIolllerocH BMeCTe C rJIaBHbIM BaJIOM 1 3KCl.{CHTPH-
Ka 2 llepe3 .n:bIW.'lO 3 nepe..'l.aeTcH I<aIlanHe pblIlary 4 01' npaBoro nJIeIla
3 roro pbIIlara, 'lepe3 coe.n:HHHTeJlbHbIe 3BeHbH 10 H 9 .n:BH>KeHHe nepe-
!WCTCH llIaT)-'Hy 11 H nOBo.n:KY 12 cO CTep>KHeM HO>Ka. Ha pHcYHKe no-
Ka3aHO .n:Ba Kpaihmx nOJIO>KeHHH MexaHH3Ma. DpH HH>KHeM nOJJO>Ke-
HHH PYKOHTKII HO}K BKJIIOIlen. Xo.n: H>Ka 6,5 MM. DplI 3TOM 3BeHO 10
nepeMelllaeTCH nOIlTII B BepnlKaJIbHOH nJIOCKOCTII, a 3'BeHO 9 HaK.'lO-
Heno.
LJ:JIH BbIR.TJIOIleHHH HO>Ka pyKOHTKy pbIIlara 8 nO.lI.HHMaIOT .n:o ynopa
B pO.'1HK 13, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 135, a H 6 YCJIOBHbIMH JIHHHHMH.
Tor.n:a 3BeHO 10 nepeMelllaeTcH B roplI30HTaJIbHOH nJIOCKOCTH, 3BeHO 9
3aHHMaeT nOIlTH BepTIIKaJIbIIOe nOJIO>KeHlIe, a llIaTYH 11 J1'BH>KeHHH He
no.'1Y"IaeT; HO>K no.n:HHMaeTCH BBepx, BbIXO.n:HT 1I3 MaTeplIaJIa, H MaWH-
.Ha MO>KeT BbIDOJIHHTb onepal.l1I1I 6e3 06pe3KH KpOMKH TKaHH.
10. MauHfHa 597-M KJIaCCa 03J1M
MallIIIHa npe.n:Ha3HaIleHa .n:nH IlIIITbH TKaHeH THna JIaBCaH, 60-
JIOHbH.
JvlallIlIHY l.leJIeCOO6pa3Ho TaK>Ke npHMeHHTb Ha Onepal.lHHX, BbIDOJI-
HHeMbIX 'C pa3JIHIlHblMH npHcnoc06JIeHIIHMII: HanplIMep, c npHcnoe06-
JIeHlIeM .n:JIH 06pa60TKH nOHca, rYJIbqmKa H .n:p.. Oa C03.n:aHa Ha 6a3e
MaWHHbI 97-ro KJIaCCa H OTJIH"Iae11CH 01' nOCJIe.n:HelI .lI.onOJIHHTeJIbHbl!\l
MexaHH3MOM OTKJIOHeHIIH HrJIbI.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, nepeMellleHHe CWHBaeMblX MaTeplIa.10B OCYllleCT-
BJ1HeTCH HH>KHIIM .n:BHraTeJIeM TKaHII Ii nrJIoii. DepeMellleHlIe TKaHH
.n:onO.'1HIITeJIbHO H IIrJIOIf COI<palllaeT CMellleHlIe CJIOeB TKaIIH (noca.n:KY)
H nOMoraCT nepeMelllaTb TKaHII nplI npOXO>K.n:eHIIII uHX Ilepe3 HanpaBH-
TeJIn, Py6HJIbHHKII II .n:p. nplI BbIDOJ1HeHIIII Onepal.lIIII, KaK YKa3aHO Rbl-
IlIC, C nplIcnoc06JIeHHHMII. I1rJIa nOJIYIlaeT .n:onOJIHHTeJIbHO nonepeIlHoe
OTKJIOHeHHe B MOMeHT, Kor.n:a OHa HaXOQHTCH B MaTeplIaJIe, CHHXpOHHO
c nepeMellleHlIeM peIfKH.
Bce OCTaJIbHble MexaHII3MbI B MallIlIlle Te >Ke IlTO II B MaWIIHe 97-ro
K'1acca.
- .........-. .....-. J;-1\.....I\"CI01'l.3JVI I:jU..5Hpa r-
1f0-lIoc1'ynaTeJJbHOrO JJ,fHI}j{CIIIHI !lr JJLI 1I;\ICC1' CJJCJJ,} 10UJ,l'e YCTpoiicTBO.
OaJICU KpUBOlllJ-ma 2, 3aKpCnJJelfliOro lIa r JJaBIIOM Ba.'1Y 1, OXBaTbfBae1'
IJCpXlnHI rOJJOBKa (c HrOJJbIlaTbIM nOJJ,wUnImKoM) ma1'yna 3. HH}j{IIHH
rOJIOBKa waTyna Ha.n:e1'a Ha XBOCTOBHK nOBOD:Ka 4, 3aKpenJIeHIlOro
CTHrJfBdIOUJ,HM BIIIITOM 5 Ha IfrJIOBo.n:IlTe.'le 6. Ifr.10Bo.n:HTeJIb nepMe-
6
1
16
/ T
17
/'8
7
20
 Al
18 -
PHC, 136. CxeMa MeX3HH3M3 HrJlbl M31l1HHbI 597-ro KJlaCCa
180
lllaeTeH B HanpaBJIHIOllllIX BTyJIKaX KaIlaIOlllei1cH paMKII 7. Ha pa \lKe
J1B)-'!\IH BIIHTaMH 10 3aKpenJIeHa HanpaBJIHlOlllaH 11, B na3 I<OTOpOH
D'{O,U.HT KaMeHb 12, Ha.n:eTbIJI lIa XBOCTOBHI< nOBo.n:Ka 4.
HanpaBJIHlOlllaH 11 'CBOHM BblcTynoM 21 nepeMelllaeTcH B na3Y 9
HanpaHIITeJIH, 3aKpenJleHHOro Ha PYKaBe MallIHlIbI.
BpalllaTeJIbHOe .n:BH>KelilIe rJlaBlioro BaJia Ilepe3 KpHBoilllIn 2, lIla-
TYH 3, nOBO;J.OK 4 npe06pa3yeTcH B B03BpaTlIO-nocTynaTeJIbHOe .n:BH-
}[\eIIlle Hr JIOBo.n:IITeJIH II IIr JIbI.
I3 paMKY 3anpeccoBaHa OCb 8, KOTopaH npOXO.TJ,IIT B oTBepcTlle KOp-
nvea MaIlIIIHbI.
- MexaHII3M KaIlaTeJIbHOro .n:BII>KeHIIH paMKII YCTpoeH cJIe.n:YlOllllIM
06pa30M. Ha HH}KHeM DaJIY 16 3aKpenJIeHO KOpO:\fbICJIO 15, B BIIJ1KY KO-
Toporo BXO.n:HT KaMC'Hb 14, llIapImpHo 3aKpenJIeHHblII Ha naJIbl.le 13.
Da.TJel.l 3aKpen.'leH B BepxHeM nJIeIle paMKII 7
I1a 3a.n:lIeM KOHl.le BaJia 16 3aI<pen.'leHO KOpOMbICJIO 17, coc.n:IIHeH-
HOC llIapHlIpHO C llIaTyHoM 18. HII>KHSJH rOJIOBKa IlIaTYHa 18 llIapHlIpHo
coe.n:JIlIeHa C KOpOMbICJIOM 19 Balla no.n:a'lJI 20. BaJi no.n:aIlII 20 nOJ1Y'la-
181

4
r-=--
JP
HIl}KHee nJle40 KOpOMLICJla 6 OChlO 14 coelI.l-1llellO C KOPO:.ILIC.10M
15, KOTOpOC wapllHpllo COe.ll.HlleHO C pLI4aroM 18 nCpeJlIIei'1 peHKII 12.
I\.OpO:\1bIC.rIO 15 1I0.1Y4acT lH14allHe OT KOpOVlbICJla 6 OTHOCIfTe.TJbHO
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MblCJ1<i 15. 3TO Ka4aHHe npe06pa30BhIBaeT'cH B npO.LI.o.1bHoe nepeMc-
ruellHe pbl4ara 1.1 ,BMeCTe C nepe.n:Hcfl pefIKoii 12. BepTlIKa.rlbHoe nepe-
MellleHue nepe.n:HHH pefIKa 12 nOJlY4aeT OT KOpO:\<lblc.1a 11, 3aKpen.'1eH-
Horo Ha BaJl\' no.n:'beMa 9.
[IO.13YII 'IY MO}!{CT IlCpeMemaTbcH B BepTIIKa:lbHoi't nJlOCKOCTH no
.n:.'lliHIIOi't HanpaBJlHIOl.lleii 21, BBepIlYTOH B nJianpop:\1) :waliJHHW. BHJI-
Ka 24 OXBaTblBaeT HanpaBJlHlOlUpO 17 II npe.rr.oTBpalllaeT nOBopoT nOJl-
3) H3 19 ROKpyr OCH. B ,leBoe n.1C40 no.1J3)'Ha BBCPIlYT BHHT 18. Me}!{-
.rr. no.B)'1I0i\l H ro.'1oB[(oi1 HanpaBJlHlOlueii 21 YCTaHOBJleHa npY)I\liHa
20. KOTopaH .n:aBHT Ha nOJl3YIl 19, II nO'HOMY I3I1HT 18 ynHpaeTC5I B
{: rCIlKY nJlaT<tJopMbl.
C nOMOl.llblO 'BHHTa 18 MO}!{HO nepeMt'luaTb no.1J3YH 19 BMeCTe C
OCblO K)'.lHCbl 16. ECJlH BHHT 18 BblBCpTbl'BaTb, TO nOJl3YH H KYJIHCa noJ.
.n:eii'CTBIIeM npY}!{IHlbl 20 nepcMecTHTcH BBep:\., eC.111 B-BepTbIBaTb, TO
BHII3.
I-1 K\'.lH'CC I1MeeTCH pHCKa (MeTKa), a Ha HanpaBJIHIOl.lleH KOpO-
Mbl'CJla 15 liJKaJla C UII<j1paMH 0, I, 2. ECJlH PHCKY KYJlIICbl 16 YCTaHo-
RliTh npoTIf;B UH<tJPbl 0 liJKaJlbl, TO 06e pCl1KH 6y.n:YT HMeTb OJI,HHaKO-
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ECJJH OCb h)',lHCbl 16 no.n:HHTb HaCTOJlbKO, lITO pl1CKa 6y.n:eT npOTHB
1Il!lJPL: 1, TO nepe.n:IIHH peHKa 6y.n:eT HMeTb npO.!I.OJlbHOe ncpCMCllleIlHe,
B 1.5 pa3a MeHbliJCe, 'lJeM 3a.n:HHH.
Ilpn YCT3'HOBKC pIKKH KYJlHCbl npoTl1B UIl!lJpbl 2 liJKaJIbI, nepe.lI.HHH
peiiI<a 6YJI.eT HMeTb npo.n:OJlbHOe nepeMellleHlIc, 13 '2 pa3a MeHbliJee, lIeM
3a;1.II:IH.
B nepBblx BbmYCKax !\1aliJHH YCTPOlICTB:l .n:Jl5I YCTpaneHluI noca.n:KH
n:allII npH 06pa nlOi1 no:na4e He 6bIJlO, H n03TOMY npH H3roTOB.'leIlHH
3aKpenOK 06pa30Bbl.BaJlHCb C60pKH. B nOCJle.n:HHX BbmYCKax MaliJIIIl
.n:06aBJleH 60KOBOH BaJi 4. KOTOpbIil 4epe3 KOpOMblCJ10 3 H THry 2 coe-
)J,IlHen C pbl4aroM 1 06paTHoH no.n:a4H TKaHH. IlpH Ha}!{HMe Ha pbl4ar I
'-Iepe3 THr) 2 H KOpOMbICJlO 3 60KOBOH BaJl 4 nOBOpa4H'BaeTCH no ljaco-
nOli CTpeJlKe, a nepe.n:Hee KOpOMblCJIO 22 .n:aBHT Ha KplOljOK 23 no.13YHa
19 II onycKaeT nOJl3)'H If KYJlHCY 16 BHH3 .n:o COBMellleHHH ee pHCKIf C
un!lJpoii «0». B 3TOM 'CJlYllae 06e peHKH nOJlY'laIOT O.n:HlIaIWBbIe ropH-
30llTaJlbHbiC nepeMel.lleHlfH, H c60peHHe TKaHH Ha 3aKpenKax YCTpa-
mHTCH.
MCX81H13M8, KOTOpblH YCTpoell TaK H<e.
eT Ka43TeJlhHOe Jl.BII>KeJlIIC ?T "'" 0 Jl. BH>KeHHe 4e p e3 KOpOMbI-C.'IO 19,
. Hne 97-ro KJlaCca. Jr
KaK B Maw . .' 17 BaJ1 16 K\'.lHCV 15 npe06pa3)"eTcSI B Kalla-
'lullll J1O /8, KOP0:\-lul"C.IO, '-.
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Pa3Mcpbl 3BeHbeB no.n:06paHbl TaK, 4TO nonepe4Hoe OTKJlOHeHHe
Hr.1Jbl Ha ypOlBHe Hro.lbHoi-i nJlaCTHHbl COOTBeTCTByeT nepe.!l.BHiKIIHlO
peiiKH B ropH30HTaJlbHOli n.1JOCKOCTH (liJary CTp04KH). Per)'JlHpOB3HHe
n 1'.'1 bl no BblCOTe OCYllleCTB.1HeTCSI, KaK n B MaliJHHe 97-1'0 KJlacc:t (I
.!I.pynlx) , cMelueHHe:w- nr.l0Bo.n:HTeJlSl C nr,'Io", "
PerY,'IHpoBaHHe nOJlO}!{eHHH HrJlbI OTHOCHTeJlbHO OTBep-cTHH B e-
Ke oCYl.lleCTBJlHlOT nOBopoTOM paMKH Ha OCH 8 (npe.n:BapHTeJlbHO O\.:JI<I-
6HB KpenJleHHe KOpOMbIc.la 17)
t 1. MawHHa 697-1'0 KJIaCCa 03J1M
Pa3pa60TaHa Ha 6a3e MaliJHHbl 97-1'0 KJlaCCa H OTJ1HljaeTC5I OT Hee
HaJll-Iljl1e:\f TaK Ha3blBaeMoH .n:H!lJ!lJepeHUHaJlbHOII no.n:aljH TKaHH, T. e.
Ha MaliJHHe YCTaHoB.lcHbl ,ll,Be peiiKH: nepeJI,HHH, pacnOJlO}!{eHHaH nepe,lJ,
Hr.10ii, H 3aJI,HHH - 3a HrJlOH.
I
5
10 9
,
I
Pac. 137. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma Jl,HcJlcJlepeHUHanbHoH nOAaqH MaWHHW 697-ro
Dacca
B npouecce pa60Tbi MaliJHHbI 3a.n:HHH peHKa HMeeT 60.1bliJee nepe-
l\Iel.lleHHe, lIeM nepe.n:IIHH, B pe3YJlbTaTe 4Cro CliJHBaeMblC TKaHn. Ha
VlJaCTKe :\4e)t{.!I.V peHKaMH BbITHrHBaIOTCH. BbITHrHBaHHe TKaHH pellKa-
MH oc06eHHO H-e06xo.n:H:W0 npn liJHBaHHn TKaIlelI CO 3iIa'IIITe.1bHblM co-
.n:ep}!{aHHeM CHHTeTH4eCK1IX BO.TJOKOH. u
CxeM3 \1eXaHH3Ma ;'lIl!lJepeHUlIa.IJbHOH no.n:alJlI TKaHn nOKa3all3
Ha pHC. 137. MCXaI-IH3M HMeeT CJle..'l 10lllce yCTpoiicTBo. Ha nepc'l.HCM
KOHue BaJia no.n:alJH 5 3aKpen.'1eHO KOpOMbICJlO 6. BepxHee nJIClJO ero
liJapHHpHo coe':UIHC'HO C pbI'-IarOM 7 3a.n:HeH peffKH 8. KaK H B MamHHe
97-ro KJlaCca, OT :BaJla nO..'lalJH pei'tKa 8 no.1JY'-IaeT n-pO.lI.OJlbHOC nepe-
MellleUHC. BcpTIlKa.lbHoe nepeMcllleHHe OHa no.'lYlJaeT OT B3J1a n0JI.lr
eMa 9 H KOpOMblCJla 10.
182
12. MaUJI-IHa 997-1'0 KJlaCCa 03J1M
B pIlaUT liJBellHOH MaliJHIlbI 97-1'0 KJlaCCa C YCTPOHCTBOM .n:JlH 06-
pe3KH HHTOK BbmycKaeTcH OpliJaHCKHM 3aBOJI,OM KaK MaliJHHa 997-1'0
KJlacca.
3a nOCJle.n:HHe ro.n:bI B YHHBepCaJlbHbIX liJBeHHbIx MaliJnHa,< CTaJIH
Blle.apSlTbcH YCTpoHcrna .n:JlH 06pe3KH I-lHTOK. TaKIle )'CTpoHcTBa nOBbl-
UJalOT npoH3Bo.n:HTeJlbHOCTb Tpy.n:a H CHH}!{aIOT pacxo.n: HHTOK. HaH60Jlb-
183

lIa onepaUHflX. r,lJ,C DulnO.II15l10 rCH KO-
\JJIO 3 f l)(I,CKTIlBIIOCTb 01111 Jl,aJ or
pOTKIlC CTPO'II(Jf.
J\'\exaIl1l31 oope3KII IIIITOK Ha YHUBCpCaJlbHblX M3WHlJaX BK.'1104a-
crCJI B pa60TY 1I0C.1e Turo, KaK CTp04Ka BbInOJl!IeHa Ii ne.1l.aJlb Bl\,110-
'lellllJl qJpJlKIUIOililoro npIlBOD:3.nOCTaRJleHa B HeIlTpa.'IbHOe nO.l0j-KClllle.
.vlaulIlHa OCTaIl3B.'IHBaCTCH npll IlIDKHe1 nOJlO}!{CHIiIi HrJlbI. TIpH H3-
}!{H:\le I1HTKOii Ila ne;I.a.'Ib BK.lI0 l laeTCH MeXaHl13M .n:OBOD:KII H C :\13.'loii
CKOpOcrLJO BblnO.'IHneTCH noc.le.n:mlii CTej-KOK, B nepHOD: KOToporo HO>Klf
33:\.B3Tb1I3310T HII}!{I1IOIO IlI1TKY II
neTJlIO BepXHe11 HHTKH H 06pe33-
101' HX, nocJle llero MaWHHa BbIK-
.'lIOllaeTCH npH BCpXHCM nO.'Io}j(e-
HHH Hr.'Ibi.
TaKIH1 06pa30M, McxalI1I3:\-I
aBTO:\-IaTlIllCCKoro OCTaHOB3 1\1 a_
WHHbI 'CTaHOBHTCH HeOT'be:\we-
.i\lbI:\1 lI.JlH :\lexaHH3:\-la 06pe3I\lI
HIITOK. Ha'1160.lbwee npllMClIe-
Hlle no.'lY'IHJllf :JJleKTpOMe>'3HH-
lleCKHe MexaHII3MbI aBTOOCTaHO-
B3, KOTOpbIC CHH}!{aIOT llaCTOTY
BpalllCHliH rJlaBHOrO BaJia .JO
200-300 06/MlHl, nocJle llcro
cpa63TbIBaeT MexaHH3M 06pe3-
KII HIITOK.
PHC. 138. npHHLlHn pa60Tbi HU>Ka MaUlH- Mex3HH3M 06pe3KH HHTOK.
Hbl 997-1'0 KJlaCCa TIpHHLUITI pa60TbI HO}!{eH .n:.'lH
06pe3KH HIITOK 3aKJlIOllaeTCH B
CJIe.n:YIOllleM. Ha HrOJlbHOH nJla'CTllHe (puc. 138) CHH3Y 3aKpenJleH He-
no.n:BH}!{HbIii 'n,'lOCKHH HO}!{ 2 C pe}!{YllleH KpoMKoli 4. TIO.'l.BII}!{Hblii HQ)K
1 'HMeeT HOCHK H 3y6 JJ:JIH 3aXB3Ta HH}!{Hell HHTKH H I<OpOTKOH IBemIt
neTJlH. B npo<fHI.'lbHbIH na3 5 BXOiUIT HaonpaB.'IHIOIllIIll WTH<fJT 3, 3aK-
penJleHHblH I-Ia IIroJlbHOH nJiaCTllHe (CHII3Y) TIoc.'Ie BbInOJlHeHHH CTpOll-
KH C nOMOlllblO aBTOOCTaHoBa ;\laWHHa BbInOJlHHeT nOc.'le.n:HHH CTe}!{OK
C MaJlOH CKOpOCTblO BpallleHIIH rJlaBHOrO BaJia. B MOMeHT MaKCHMaJlb-
Horo pacwHpeHIIH neTJ1H BCpXI-Iell HHTKII, 'KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 138,
T. e. Kor.n:a BeTBb neTJlH 'Coii..1CT C KpbIJl3 'BepXI-Iei'1 nJiaCTHI-Ibi llCJI I-IOKa ,
no.n:BH}!{HUii HO}!{ .n:BH}!{eTCH K neTJle Ii CBOIIM HOCHKO\l 'BXO.'l.HT B :'HY
neT.,lIO. TIpII .n:aJlbHeHwe:\-1 ero .J.BH}!{eHHH .HH}!{HHH 'HHTKa H KopoTKaH
BeTBb nana.n:alOT no.n: KpIOllOK 6 (c OCTpoi'1 KpO:\--IKOi'I), a npH 06p3THO:\-I
.n:BH}!{eHHIi HO}!{3 HIiTKH no.n:BO.1l.Hl'CH K HenO;I.BIi}!{HOMY HO}!{Y H 06pe3a-
IOTCH. L!:BH}!{eHHe HO}!{ nOJlYllaeT 01' McxaHH3Ma, nOK33aHHoro H3
pH-c. 139 H YCTpoeHHoro C.'ICiLl.YIOIllHM 06pa30:\f.
Ha 3a.1l.HeH CTeHKe 60JlblllOlI ll1eCTepHH 6 lle.,1HO l IHOrO Ba.lIa 3aKpen-
JleH IlITH<fJT 7 Ha BTYJlKe BaJia lleJiHOKa cB060.n:HO nOCa}!{eHa nOJlY-
My<fJTa 8 C I<O.'Ibu.eBbIM na30M, KOTOpuii OXBaTbIBaeT BHJlKa 9.
3y6llaTbIli ceKTop nOJlYMy<fJTbI 8 Haxo.n:HTCH B 3au,enJleHIIIi C ceK-
TOpOM 10, 3aKpen.'IeHHbIM Ha nYCTOTeJlOM BaJlY 12. BHYTPIi Ba.lIa npo-
XO.1l.UT CTep}!{eHb 11, Ha KOTOpOM 3aKpenJleHa BHJlKa 9. Ha BaJly 12 no-
2
J
184
caj-I\ell<! IIPVj-I\l1II3 18, 0..11111 hUlleu KO ro p oi'J 3a" p eIIJI C'11 I ' 11
.. - > I<OJJbIlP , a
.n:pyroll ymlpaeTcH 'B cTeIlKY nJlaTOpMLI. ' ,
I-I a nepe.n:lleM KOHu,e Ba.'Ia 12 3aKpCn,'IeH U,HJUlH.n:PH4CCKl-It'1 na30Bbli'J
KYJlallOK 15, B na3 KOToporo BXO.n:UT po.:nm pLlllara 5. Pbl4ar 5 YCTa-
/lOB"leH Ha OCH 4, 3aKpenJleHHOll B HroJlbHoll nJia CTllHe, II ll1apllIipHo
cOe,lJ,lIllell C nO,lJ,BH}!{lIbll\! HO}!{OM 1
lla ncpe.n:HeM KOHu,e CTep}!{lIS1 11 3aKpenJleHO KOJlbU,O 22 C na30M.
CmI3Y /la KpLlllll(e CTO.'Ia Ha KpmIlllTeiiHe 19 3aKpen.'IeH 3.'leKTpo:\-1ar-
6 7
PHC. 139. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma HO>Keii MaUlHHbl 997-1'0 KJlaCCa
HHT 20, Ha ll1TOK KOToporo Ha.n:eTa npY}!{HlIa 18. BHJlKa 17, 3aKpcn:ICII-
HaH Ha IWHu,e ll1TOKa, OXBaTbiBaeT KOJlbl.{O 22.
HmK 1 npHBO.1l.HTCH B .n:BH}!{eHHe CJleJ1.YIOlllHM 06pa301\l. B MOMellT
BLI:\.o.n:a HrJlbl H3 lleJiHOKa npH BblTIOJlHeIIIiIi nOCJle.n:Hero CTe}!{Ka BK.'IIO-
'-IaeTCH 3.,leKTpOMarHHT 20. lllTOK Ii BH.'IKa 17 nepeMeIll.alOTcH BJleBO, a
B:\ICCTe C HHMII Ii CTep}!{eHb 11 C BIiJlKOH 9. TIpH 3TOM nOJ1YMyqJTa 8
na30:\-I coe.n:IiHHeTCH co wTH<fJTOM 7 60Jlbll10i'I ll1eCTepHH 6 Ii nO.1YlJaeT
01' Hee BpallleHHe npOTlIB llacoBoH CTpemm. 3y64aTbIii ceKTOp 10 B:\-1e-
CTe C nYCTOTe.'Ibl!\I BaJlOl\! 12 Ii IwnHpoM 15 nOJlYllaloT BpalllCHHe no
lla-COBOfl CTpeJlKe, a pbIllar 5 CT KOTIIlpa co06maeT nepeMellleHHe noJJ.-
BH}!{HO:\IY IIOi-Ky 1 Bnepe.n:. TIpH 3TOM, KaK paccMoTpeHo paHee, HO}!{
3aXBaTbl'BaeT HH}j<H101O HHTKY Ii KOPOTKYJO BeTBb neT.'II!. TIocJle BLlKJIlO-
llCHIlH MarHHTa 20 no.n: .n:eHcTBIieM npY}!{HH 18 H 27 CTep}[(eHb 11 nepe-
MelllaeTCH BnpaBo, BIiJlKa 9 OTBO.n:HT no.nYMy<fJTY 8 01' ll1TIHjna 7 OO.'Ib-
ll1011 ll1eCTepHH. TIpYiI<HHa 13 nOBopa'iliBaeT Ba.1 12 BMCcTC C KOHH-
pOM 15 B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJlO}!{eHIIe. TIO.n:BH}!{HbIii HO}!{ no.n:Bo.n:HT HHTKII I{
185

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1/
I
IIenO!l.BH}/{IIOM) IIO}/{Y 2 II oope3aeT HX. B Mexaml3MC HMceTCH 6.10KH-
PYIOee YCTpoiicTHO. JJ:BynJlc1lllii pLl4ar 16 UlapHHpoM 21 3aKpeOJIeH
Ha npH.'lIlBe nJIaT(pOp1bl .\1alllllllbl. Kor.n:a KYJla40K 15 nOBepHeTcH H
i-l0}!{ rlepeMeCTHTCH Bnepe,'I" 3) 6 pbl1lara 16 no.n: .n:eikTBIICM np) }!{HlIbl
25 BXO.iI.IIT B na3 K)'JIa41<a 15 II y.a.ep}!{HBaCT ero, a BTopoe nJIe40 23
HaXO.J.IlTCH Ha.'J. cTynlIuci'1 1IC.1HOKa. rOJIOBKa o.n:Horo BHHTa 24 BbICTY-
naeT H3 CT) rlHUbl 4eJIHOKa II CJIY}!{HT TOJIKaTeJleM B onpe.n:CJIeHHblii MlJ-
MeHT nOBopoTa '-IeJIHOKa.
fIoc,1Je BLIK,:Jl04eHHSJ 3JIeKTpOMarHliTa KyJIallOK 15 y.n:ep>KHBaeTcH
pbl4aroM 16 .'J.O Tex nop, nOKa rOJIOBKa BHHTa Ha CTynHl1:e qeJIHOKa He
nOBepHeT fI.'JC40 23 H 3y6 pbl4ara 16 He BbIH.n:eT H3 na3a. rOJIOBKa
HHHTa Ha C1') nHl1:e 4e.1HOKa pacno.'10MelIa TaKHM 06pa301\1, 41'0 BbIKJIlO-
4eHHC pbl1lara 16 C KOnHpO'\il 15 OCYll{CCTBJI5leTCH B MOMeHT, 6.1lI1KUii
K Ha4a,'1Y 3aTSJ}!{KIl CTe:iKKa.
CTep/Kt'lIb 11 coe.n:IIHeH rn6KH'\iI TpOCOM (Ha PHCYHKC lIe nOKa3alI0)
C pbl4aroM, KOTOpbIii pa3.n:BHraeT Ulaii6bI HaTSJ}!{eHlUI BepxHefl HIITKH
13 Tor \lO:\ICHT, Kor.aa HII1'enpHTHrHfBaTeJIb B BepXHeM nOJIO:iKeHHH C03-
!laer 3anac I3cpxHeii HHTKH .n:JIH nepBoro CTe:iKKa nOCJIe 06pe3KH. 01'
BTOporo rlI6Koro Tpoca (Ha P.HCYHKe He nOKa3aHO) nOJI}"laeT .'J.BH:iKe-
HHe orno.n:4HK BcpXHel1 HIITKH H BbIB01l.HT KOHen BepXHefi HHTKH Ha
nOBepxHoCTb .1anKH.
C1'CpMCHL nToporo 3JICKTpOMarHlfTCl (Ha pHCYHKe He nOKa3a1W)
cepLroii UlapHllpHO coeJUmeH C pbl4aroM KO.'ICHHoro no.n:'beMa .1anKH.
fIpn BK."IO'lCHHH ::noro 3.1cKTpOMarlIllTa npOllcXO.uHT aB1'o:\laT1I4eCI<lIi'1
nO.'J.'be:\1 .:lanK1I.
Per Y JI H P 0 B K a :\1 e x a H II 3 :\1 a. BpC:\IH BK.:J104eHHSJ 3.1el<TpO-
MarHllTa 06pe3KH per)aHpyeTcH nOBopo1'OM KO.'Ibna 18 CHIIXPOHH-
3aTopa (pnc. 140, a).
MecTono.l0}!{eHHe HOCHKa nO,J,BH}!{HOrO HO}!{a 1 no neT.le HrOJILHOii
HIITKH perYJ1HpyeTcH 'OleWe-HHe:\! Hcno;.{nH}!{1I0ro HO}!{a 2 nOC.1C OCJIan-
JIeHHH BHHTOB, KpcnSJWIIX ero K HrO:lb1lOfl nJIaCTHHKC (01. pHC. 139).
BpCMH 3aXOiI.a HOCH'Ka no.a.nmKHoro HOiI\3 1 B neT.'1/O IIro.lbHofl HH1'KH
perYJIHpyeTcH nonopoToM KYJIa4Ka 15 noce oca6eHHSJ BHHTa. Kpe-
JlHwero KY.:la40K Ha Ba.1J) (CM. pHC. 139).
Mec1'ono.l0MeHIIC II rJl bl npn OCTaHone n H1DKHeM no.'lOIl\eHIIII pc-
r:plHpyeTcH nonopoToM Ko.'Ibl1:a 19, npH OCTaHOBe B BcpxlIe:\1 nO.10il,e-
HHH nOBOpOTOi\1 KOJIbHa 16 CHHxpoHl13aTopa.
YCTpOl1cTBO 3JIeKTpOnpHBOJ1.a, 3JIeKTpOnpHBOJ{ npe l.CTa13.1fle1' 1 ";Iof.
06bl4HblH <PpHKIUlOHHb1l1 nplf.BO..1 wBefllJoff MaUlIIHbl n.ll0C .n:onO,l II 11-
TC.'lbHbIii 31eKTponpHBO.n: .n:.1JH CHH}!{eHlHl KOpOCTH LUHTbH B MOMeHT oc-
TaHOBa MaIWlHbl C Hr.'IOH B IIJf}!{HeM H,'m BepXHeM no,nOMeHmr. Cxe-Ma
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HOKa ncp€tll.aeTCH .n:BYMH 6apabaH8MH H apMIipoBaHHbIM 3y64aTblM
peMHeM 47. BepxlIHH 6apa6aH 1 B .n:Ba pa3a 60JlbillC :lIl}!{Hero' 46.
DOCKOJIbKY IleJIHOK BpaLUaeTCH B HanpaBJIeHIiH npoTi1I3 IlaCOBOll
CTpeJIKH, TO Ii rJlaBHblH BaJI (npIi TaKOH nepe.n:aIle) BpalltaeTCSl npo-
TIiB IlaCQlBOH CTpeJIKH, a 3TO, B CBOIO OIlepe.n:b, 3aCTaBII.'l0 npH:\1eHIITb
MexaHIi3M lllaplmpIloro HIiTenpIiTHrIiBaTCJISI «06pallleHlIoro» THna.
T. e. c pacnOJIO}!{eHHCM YlllKa Ha3a.n: OT pa60TalOlllero. 4eJIHO'-lllbn1
BaJI 41 Bpall.laeTCH B 3a.n:HeM 45 HrOJIbIlaTOM Ii B .lI.BYX nepc;'tHIix 1113-'"
pllKOBblX nO.ll.IlIHnHHKax 36. B MexaHIi3Me IleJ1HOKa IiMeeTCH .n:onO:lIlll-
TeJlbHO MexaHH3M OTBO.n:KH lllnyJIe.n:ep}[{aTeJIH. CxeMY pa60Tbl OTBOJlKH
CM. pIiC. 36. OTBD.n:Ka 3,3 lllnYJ1e.n:ep}!{aTeJ1H no.'1YIlaeT KaIlaTe.lbHoe .n:BII-
n<elIJ1e BMeCTe C BaJIOM 35, Ha KOTOpOM OHa 3aKpenJIeHa, OT 3KcuellT-
pIiKa 37. 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha IleJlIIOIlHOM BaJIY, Ilepe3 lllaTYH 38 H KOpO-
MLlCJIO 40.
CMa3Ka IleJIHOKa oCYLUecTBJ1SleTcSI no.n:aIleH MaCJIa no TPYUKC, B KO-
TOPYIO 3aJIO}!{eH <tJHTIiJIb Ii3 pe3epByapa, 3aKpen,neHIwro no.n: nJlaT-
<tJopMoii MalllHHbI. MacJIo nOCTynaeT B na3 TOPUOB0I1 nOBcpxHOCTH
CTynIiubl IJeJ1HOKa 32. a oTTy.n:a no KaHaJIaM (KaK B Ile.'1IIOKe MalllHHbI
97 oro KJIa,cca) B ero na3 Ii nOHCOK lllnyJIc.n:ep}!{aTeJIH.
rJIaBIlblH BaJl MalllIillbI Bpall.laeTCH i-la .n:B}'X 2 H 6 lllapHKOl3blX no.'l-
lllIinHHKax. KpIiBolllHn IirJIOBo.n:IiTeJISI 7 KpenH1'CH Ha .'1eBOM IWIlUC
r JIaBHOrO BaJIa 5 C nOMOll.lblO KJIHHa 8 Ii BIiHTa 9 (pIiC. 141, 6). a KO-
,,'1CHIlaTbIH naJIeu 13 B OTBepCTlIH KpIiBOIllIIna HrJIOBO..'IJlTe.'1H KpenuTcSl
CTHrHBalOLUliM I3IiHTOM 14.
191

. Hoa TenH CoHHllTenbHoe 3BeHO 11 H pu-
M . H3M HJITenpH I su .,
exaH . ua TCJlH /2 113rOTOBJlHIOTCH H3 JlerKOrO aJlIOMHHUeBoro
lar IIIfTenpliTHl1i
','1a[Ja c apMHpoB8111IblMH BTYJlKaMH. B. HmKHIOIO r0J10BKy pblJara
HII renpllTflrHBaTeJ1H BCTaBJ1HlOT HrOJlblJaTblH nO.n:wHnmIK, KOTOpbIli Ha-
;.ICSaJOT Ila HapY}!{1l0e nJ1ClJO naJlbu,a 13. PbllJar HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJ1H
wapIllIpHo coe.n:HHelI C coe.n:HHHTeJ1bHbIM 3BeHOM 11, BTYJ1Ka KOTaporo
.nOCa}!{eHa Ha oceBYlo wnH.'lbKy 10, 3aKpenJleHHYIO B PYKaBe MaWHHbl
12 10
 V "
T""" I '=' /6
,: f
8  26 27 ff
28H !22
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, T 25
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 T
.
PHC. 141. CxeMa MalllHH 332-ro KJl3CCa IjJHpMbl «TeKcTHMa»
TIa.'leu, 13 KpenHTCH n KpHBoIImne HrJ10Bo.n:HTe.'lH TaK, lJTo6bl YWKO
-pLllJara IIHTCnplITHrnnaTeJlH nepeMell.laJlOCb Ha 60 MM.
1\'\exaHH3M JfrJ1bl. Ha BIIYTpelIHee nJlelJO naJlbu,a 13 Ha!l.eBaeTCH
Bep:\HHH r0J10BKa waTYHa 15, BIIYTPH KOTOpOH YCTaHOBJleH HrO.'lblJa-
Tbli'I nO.il,WnnHlIK; HH}!{IIHH r0J10BKa waTYHa OCblO 16 coe.n:HHeHa C npo-
YWHHaMH nopWHH 17 HrJlOBO.!l.HTeJlH 22, KOTOpbIH nepeMCll.laeTCH B Ha-
np a B.'l mo ll.lC II paMKe 20. PaMKa Heno.n:BJf}!{Ha H KpenH'I'CH K PYKany
\lalllJUlbI 60.IJTOM 19 H BHHTOM 21.
Hr J10Bo.:u-neJ1b nVCTOTeJ1bli'I coe.n:HHeH C nopwHeM. CHH3Y B Hr J10-
BO.J,IITeJ1b BCTaBJ1HeTH HrJlo.n:ep}!{aTeJ1b 24, B KOTOpOM BHHTOM KpenuT-
CH HrJla 25. I1rJ1o.n:ep}!{aTeJlb B HH}!{Hell pa3pe3HoII lIaCTII HrJ10Bo.n:H-
reJlH 3aKpenJ1HeTCH XOMYTHKOM 23.
192
B M8UlHHe perYJlH'p01DaIlHC nOnO>KeHHH Hrnbl 'no BblCOTC OC'\"llJ.CCT-
BJ1HIOT nepeMell.leHHeM HrJ10.n:ep)KaTeJ1H 24, npe.n:BapHTeJlbHO oc.'la6HB
BHHT XOMYTHKa 23.
MeXaHJf3M Jl.BJfraTeJlJ/ TKaHH, BepTJfKaJlbHOe nepel\lell.leHHe .n:BH-
raTeJ1b TKaHH nOJlYlJaeT OT MexaHH3Ma, no.n:06Horo MexaHH3MY :\1aWH-
Hbl 22-A KJ1aCCa, T e. OT 3KCu,eHTpHKa 3, 3aKpenJ1eHHOrO Ha rJ1aBHOM
BaJ1Y lJepe3 waTYH 52 H KOpOMbICJ10 44, BaJ1 no.n:'beMa 42, KOPO!\lbICJ10
34 C coe.n:HHHTeJ1bHbIM 3BeHOM.
B BepXHeH rOJ1OBKe waTYHa 52 nOMell.leH HroJ1bQaTblH no.n:wunHHK.
MeXaHJf3M rOpJf30HTaJlbHOrO nepeMellleHJfH Jl.BJfraTeJlH TKaHH HMeeT
HHYIO KOHCTpYKU,HIO, '-IeM Y .n:pyrux MaIIlHH. rOpH30HTaJ1bHble nepeMe-
ll.leHHH peHKa (.n:BHraTeJlb TKaHH) nOJ1Y'-IaeT OT .lI.Pyroro 3Kcu,eHTpHKa 4,
3aKpenJleHHoro Ha rJlaBHOM BaJ1Y lJepe3 .n:blIIlJ10 54, B rOJlOBKY KOTO-
poro nOMell.leH HrOJlblJaTbIH no.n:IIlHnHHK. HH}!{HHH rOJlOB'Ka .n:bl IIlJl a
IIlapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHa C KalJalOll.leH-cH paMKoH 51. 1.Iepe3 BepTHKaJlb-
HbIe oTBepcTHH paMKH 51 npoxo.n:HT KYJ1HCa 50, C KOTOpOH coe.J,HHeHO
KOpOMblCJ10 49. IlpaBoe nJle'lO KOpOMbICJ1a 49 'lJepe3 COe.lI.HHHTeJ1bHOe
3BeHO 53 IIlapHHpHo COe.lI.HHeHO C pbllJarOM 55 perYJ1HTOpa IIlara CTpOlJ-
KH. Ha nepe.!l.HeM nJlelJe 'pbllJara 3a'KpenJ1eHa PYKoHTKa 57 C ralIKOH
56 H npY}!{HHOH .n:J1H <pHKCau.HH IIlara CTpOlJKH. PYKoHTKa nepeMell.la-
eTCH B OKHe PYKaBa MaIIlHHbI co IIlKaJ10H. IlpY}!{HHa 58 cTpeMHTcH
nOD.HHTb PYKOHTKY <B BepxHee nOJlO}!{eHHe.
JIeBoe nJlelJO KOpOMbICJ1a 49 IIlapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHO C KOpOMbICJ10M
48, 3a.KpenJleHHbIM Ha BaJ1Y nO.lI.alJH 39. C npoY'IIlHHaMH nepe..zI.Hero KO-
pOMblCJla 29 (KaK Y 60J1bIIlHHCTBa MaIIlHH) -coe.lI.HHeH pbIQar 30 C peH-
KOH 31.
IlpH Bpall.leHHH rJlaBHOro 'BaJla OT 3KCu,eHTpHKa 4 lJepe3 .J.bIIIlJ10
54 paMKa 51 nOJlYlJaeT nocToHHHoeKalJaTeJ1bHOe .lI.BH}!{eHHe. ho .n:BH-
}!{eHHe lJepe3 KYJ1HCY 50 H KOpOMbICJlO 48 nepe.lI.aeTcH BaJ1Y no.n:alJH.
B 3a I BHCH-MOCTH OT Toro, Ha KaKOM paCCTOHHHH y.n:aJ1eH IIlapHHp Ky-
J1HCbl 49 OT OCH Ka'laHHH paMKH 51, COOTBeTCTBeHHO 6Y.lI.eT H ropH30H-
TaJlbHOe nepeMell.leHHe peHKH (illar CTpOlJKH). ECJlH raHKY 56 PYKO-
SITKH perYJlHTOpa IIlara -cTPOQKH BbIBepTbIBaTb, TO PYKOSITKa 6y.u.eT no.l(-
HHMaTbCSI B OKHe IIlKaJlbI, a 3,BeHO 53 onYCKaTbCH H COOT'BeTCTBeHHO
IIlapHHp 60 KYJlHCbI 49 6Y.lI.eT y.n:aJ1SITbCH OT OCH 'Ka'laHHH paMKII 51,
IIlar CTpOlJKH 6y.n:eT YBeJlHlJeH.
ECJlH PYKOHTKY perYJ1HTOpa CTpOlJKH onYCTHTb BHH3 .n:o OTKa3a, TO
coe.n:HHHTeJ1bHOe 3BeHO 53 no.n:HHMeTCH BBepx H nepeMeCTIIT IIlapHHp 60
KYJlHCbI 49 ,BbIIIle OCH Ka'laHHH paMKH, II Tor.n:a peHKa 6y.n:CT HMeTb Ta-
Koe }!{e ropH30HTaJlbHOe nepeMell.leHHe, HO B o6paTHoM Hanpa.BJ1eHHH.
MexaHH3M JlanKH, lllapHHpHaH J1anKa 28 KpenHTcH Ha CTep}!{eHb
27 CBepxy. Ha Hero .n:aBHT nJ10CKaH npY}!{HHa 18. YCHJ1Ue npY}!{HHbl
perYJ1HpyeTcSI BHHTOM 59. Ilo.n:'beM J1anKH oCYll.leCTBJlHeTCH HJ1H pbllJa-
rOM 26 BPYlfHYIO, HJlH lJepe3 cHcTeMy pbIlJarOB H THr OT pbI'Jara 43 KO-
J1eHHOro no.n:'beMa.
PerYJlHpOBKH B MexaHH3Me peHKH aHaJ10rHlJHbI pery.mpoBKa!l>l, pac-
cMoTpeHHbIM B .lI.pyrHx MaIIlHHax.
CMa3Ka MalUHHbl oCYll.leCTBJ1HeTCH BBO.n:OM HeCKOllbKHX KaneJ1b
MaCJ1a B MeCTa CMa3KH, OTMelJeHHbIe KoacHoH KpacKoH, H nepHo.lI.HlJe-
7 570 193

CKIn'! nOnOJlHeHHeM MaCJla 13 pe3epB)'ap 61 llJIH aBTOMaTl14eCKOH CMa3-
KH 4e.'lHOKa. npHMeHel'IHe nOlllinmllHKOB Ka4ClUIH B OCHOBllblX MecTa
TpeHH H TpylllIiXCH nap, HecMoTpH Ha OTCYTcTBHe UCHTpaJIIBOBaHHoH
CM a3KH, n03BOJIHJIO HMeTb BblCOKYIO npoH3Bo,!J.HTe.'lbHOCTb MalllHHbl H
Ha.n:e}l{HVIO ee pa60TY
MexiUlH3M 06pe3KH HHTOK. B :\lallll1He 8332-ro K.iacca «TeKCTHMa»
npliHUlfn pa60Tbl )'CTpoi'ICTBa .n:JIH 06pe3KH HHTOK 3aK.rll04aeTCH 13 cJle-
.n:YIOllleM (pHC. 142).
BepXHefl HHTKH, H HHTKa H3 YIllKa HrJlbI He BbITHHeTCH npH BblnO.'lHC-
HI1I1 C,'lellYIOllle(1 'CTp04KH nOCJIe 06pe3KH.
HHTeYJIaIB.1HBaTeJIb 2 nepeMelllaeTcH 'B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO}l{eHHe, OCBO-
60}l{.n:aeT neT J1IO HHTOK- (pHC. 142, B)
f10CJIe 3Toro OT 3JIeKTpOMarHHTa 4 cpa6aTbIBaIOT HO}l{H 5 H 6
(pHC. 142, B, 2) H 06pe3alOT neTJIIO BepXHeH HHTKH H HH>KHIOIO HIiTKY
14. MaUH1Ha 862-ro KJlaCCa nM3
J
4
7
HOBaH 6a30BaH MalllHHa O.n:HOH:rOJIbHaH no Ha3HalleHlHO aHaJlorH4-
Ha MalllHHe 262-ro KJlacca, T e. npe.n:Ha3HalleHa .n:JIH CTa4HBaHHH .n:e-
TaJIeH MV>KCKHX H >KeHCKHX naJIbTO, cneuo.n:e>KllbI H .n:PyrHx H3.n:eJIHH.
Mallli-1Ha HMeeT aBToMaTH'-IecKyIO c:\la3KY MexaHH3MOB, oCYlllecT-
BJIHeM)'IO CneUIIaJIbHblM HaCOCOM.
MaKCHMaJIbHaH 4aCTOTa BpallleHHH 4500 06/MHH, MaKCHMaJIbHaH
TOJIlllHHa CIllHBaeMblX MaTepHaJIOB .n:o 6 MM, cxeMa MalllHHbI nOKa3aHa
Ha pHC. 143, a.
fJIaBHblH Ba.l MalllHHbl YCTaHoBJleH B Tpex no.n:IllHnHHKax: nepe.n:-
iHl11 6 H -Cpe.n:HI1H 4 - no.n:IllHnHHKH CKOJlb>KeHHH, a B 3a.n:HeH onope
YCTaHOBJIeH lllapHKoBblI"I no.n:IllHnHHK 1 BpallleHHe OT <tJPHKUHoHHoro
npHBo.n:a nepe,!J.aeTcH III KIf BY, 33'KpenJleHHOMY Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHue r.la'B-
Horo BaJla 3.
.\'\.aIllHHa HMeeT MexaHH3MbI: HrJlbI, HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJ1H, lle.'lHOKa,
OTBO,!J.llHKa IllnYJICJlep>KaTeJIH, JLBHraTeJlH TKaHH.
MeXaHJ13M J1rJlbl. f1cpeMellleHHe MaTepHaJIa oCYllleCTBJIHeTCH pei'I-
KOll H HrJlOll, n03ToMY HrJIa HMeeT iI.Ba .n:BH>KeHHH: B03BpaTHo-nocTy-
naTe.TJbHOe H noncpellHoe nepeMellleHHe B.n:OJIb CTpOllKH.
MexaHH31\1 HrJlbl no KOHCTpYKTHBHoMy o<tJopMJIeHIlIO OTJIHtlaeTCH OT
MexaHH3Ma MalllHHbl 262-ro KJlacca. Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHue rJIaBHOrO
Ba.'la 3aKpenJIeH KpHBolllHn 7 HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH, B oTBepcTHH KOToporo 3a-
KpenJIeH KO.'leHllaTbIll naJIeu 11 HapY>KHOe nJIellO naJIbua 11 OXBa-
TbIBaeT BepxHHH rOJlOBKa lllaTYHa 12 C IIrOJIL'laTbIM nOJI.IllHnHHKOM
(pHC. 143, 6), a B HH>KHIOIO rOJIOBKY BCTa'BJleHc<tJepH4ecKHii BK.la-
.n:blill 13, oXBaTblBaIOlllHH OCb 14. OCb 3aKpenJIeHa .n:BYMH CTonopHLlMH
BHHTaMH B npOYlllhHax rOJIOBKH HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH 15. CTep>KeHb 15 Hr.lO-
Bo.n:HTeJIH nycTOTeJIbIlf, H CHH3Y B Hero BCTaBJIHeTCH XBOCTOBHK HrJ10-
iI.ep}l{aTeJIH 17, KOTOpLIH 3aKpen.1HeTCH XOMYTHKOM 16 HrJla 18 B Hr-
Jlo.n:ep>KaTeJIe 3aKpenJiHeTCH C3a.n:H BHHTOM 19.
I1r.rwBO..1HTeJlb nepeMelllaeTcH B KallalollleHcH paMKe 21, nO.1YllaIO-
llleH .n:BH>KeHlle (KallaHHe) OT BaJla no.n:a'lH.
PaMKa 21 H3rOTOBJIeHa H3 J1erKoro (aJIIOMHHHeBoro) CnJIaBa H 3a-
KpenJIeHa Ha HH>KHeM BaJ1Y 70 B pyKaBe MaIllHHbI. B paMKy 3anpec-
COBaHa 6poH30BaH BTYJ1Ka 20. CTep>KCHb 15 H rOJIOBKa HrJlOBo.n:HTe.1H
BXO.n:HT B HanpaBJIHIOlllHe oTBepcTHH BTYJIKH. Bo BTyJlKe CJleBa HMe-
eTCH IIanpaBJlHIOlllHH na3, B KOTOpbIH BXO.n:HT HanpaBJIHIOlllHii BblCTyn
OCH 14, npenHTcTBYIOlllHH nOBopoTY HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH BOKpyr ero OCH
(TpeTbH HanpaBJ1HIOlllaH) f1o.n:YIllKa 76 nponHTbJ.BaeTcH MaCJIOM H C:vIa-
3bIBaeT HrJIOBo.n:HTeJlb.
-2
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fJ)
B)
I
PICC. 142. npHHLlHII pa60Tbi MeX3HH3M3 OOpC3KH HHTOK H
cxeM3 MeX3HI13M3 HO>Keii
f1apaJlJleJIbHO BaJI)' 4eJIHOKa paCnO,10>KeH BaJI 1 H11TeYJIaBJIHI3aTe-
J1H 2. f1epe.n: nOCJle.n:HHM CTe>KlWM H.IITe)'J1aBJ1HBaTeJlb 2 3a ctleT 3J1eKf-
pOMarHIlTa II na3a 7 (pIlC. 142,2) nOJly t IaeT .n:Ba .n:BHiKeHHH" Bpa-
llleHHe no 4acoBoH CTpeJIKe H npo.n:o.'lbHOe ncpeMellleHHe, npH 3TOM
KpIO'-lOK HHTe}'.laBJlHBaTC,lH BXO.n:HT B na3 3 Illn)'JIellep>KaTe.'lH (pHC.
142, a), r.n:e 113 IllnY.'lbHOrO KOJlIIallKa BbIXO,!J.HT HII>KHHH HHTKa E.
HHTeYJlaB.ru1BaTeJIb 2 3aXBaTbl,BaeT HII>KHIOIO HHTKY H BblTHrHBaeT e:
H3 IllnYJIbHOrO KOJInallKa (pac. 142, 6) 4eJ1HoK, BbIIlO.TJIlHH noc.'le.n:HHH
CTe>KOK, 06BO.n:HT neTJIIO BepxHei'1 HHTKl-I, H OHa y.n:ep>KHBaeTCH neTJIeH
B HH>KHeH HHTKe. f1pH 3TOM perYJlHTOp HaTH>KeHIiH lBepXHeH HHTKH OC-
B060>K.n:aeTCH, a pblllar HHTenpHTHrHBaTe.rIH CMaTbIBaeT C KaTYIllKH
H3pacxo.n:OBaHHYIO HHTK}' Ha neTJlIO. TeM caMblM C03.n:aeTCH 3anac
194
7.
195

t""ef .1uponKa Uf.1LI no l.ILICOTe ocyeCTBJIHeTCJI nepe:\lerneIlHe:vJ Hf-
JIOJ1ep>KaTeJlH 'B Hf JlOBOJ1HTeJle, npeJ1BapHTeJlbHO Heo6xoJ1HMO OTKpe-
nHTb BHHT XOMYTHKa 16.
MexaHH3M HHTenpHTJlfHBaTeJIJI wapHHpHO-CTep>KHeBOfI. BTYJlKa ..
HraJlbtIaTbl:vJ nOJ1WHnHHKOM pLlLJara HI1TenpHTHnIBaTeJIH 8 OXBaTbIBaeT
BH}TpeHHee nJleLJO naJIbu.a 1/ PblLJar OCblO wapHHPr:o coe.n:HHeH co
3BeHO;\f 9, YCTaHoBJleHHbIM Ha OCH 10, 3aKpenJIeHHOH B PYKaBe Ma-
IIlHHbI.
1"
12
13
111
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A
OJ
- - CMU.JKO, nooaBaeMOR
tpumURRMU
-:'\. .,,
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5)
__- omeoe Moena IIfJCOeOM
PHC. 143. CxeMa:
a-MaWHHbI 862-ro KJlaCCa; 6-MexaHH3Ma HrJlb!; B-Hacoca
196
MexaHH3M 'IeJlHOKa. B MaWHHe YCTaHOBJleH tIeJlHOK C nepTHKaJIb-
HOH OCblO'spaLLleHHH (OT MaWHHbI 252-ra KJlaCca) BpaIlleHHe LJeJiHoKY
36 OT rJIaBHOr,o BaJia nepe.u.aeTcH LJepe3 6apa6aHbl 2 H 66, apMHpOBan-
HblH 3y64aTbIH peMeHb 68, HH>KHHH BaJI 45, napy BHHTOBbIX IIleCTepeH
29 H 30 (c nepe.n:aTOLJHblM OTHOIIleHHeM 1 : 2) H BaJI 34 4eJIHOKa. BaJI
34 'leJiHOKa B Kopnyce 41 1JeJIHOLJHOrO Y'CTpOHCT-Ba YCTaHaBJIH'BaeT-CH
Ha .n:BYX IIlapHKOBbIX no.n:IIlHnHHKax 31, 32. C IIlecTepHeH 30 H3XO.n:HT-
CH B 3au.enJIeHHH TpeTbf! IIleCTepHH 40, 3aKpenJIeHHaH Ha BaJIY 39 Me-
xaHH3Ma OTBO.n:KH IIlnYJIe.n.ep>KaTeJIH. CBepxy Ha 3TOM 'BaJIY 3aKpenJleH
KpHBoIIlHn 38, KOTOpblH co06LLlaeT LJepe3 3BeHO 37 .n:BH>KeHHe OTBO.n:-
Ke 35 wnYJle.n:ep>KaTeJIH. .
MexaHH3M Jl.BHraTeJIH TKaHH, .ll.BHraTeJIb TKaHH 27 3aKpenJIeHHbIH
Ha pbl'lare 28, BepTHKaJlbHoe nepeMellleHHe nOJIY1JaeT OT 3KCu.eHTpHKa
44 'lepe3 .n:bIIIlJ10 43, KOpOMbICJIO 42, BaJI no.n:'beMa 24, nepe.n:Hee KOpO-
MblCJIO 25 H 3BeHO 26.
rOpH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMeLLleHHe JI.BHraTeJlb TKaHH nOJIY1JaeT OT BTO-
poro 3KCu.eHTpHKa 52, na KOTOpbIH Ha.n:eTa rOJlOBKa (c IIlapHKoBbIM
no.n:llIHIIHHKOM) IIlaTYHa 53. BTOpaH rOJIOBKa IIlaTYHa B BH.n:e BHJIKH ox-
BaTbIBaeT OCb 61, 3aKpelIJIeHHYIO co 3BeHbHMH 58. BHYTPH BHJIKH oCb61
OXBaTbIBaeTCSI HH>KHeH rOJICYBKOH coe.n:lilHlTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 56, IIlapHHp-
HO 3aKpen.'leHHOrO IC 3a.n:HHM KOpOMbl-CJ10M 57 BaJla no.n:aLJH 54. B npo-
YIIlHHax lIepe.n.Hero KOpOMbIcJla 33 Ha OCH KpenHTcH pbl1Jar 28 Jl.'BHra-
TeJIH l'KaHH.
rOpH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMeLLleHHe .n:BHraTeJIH TKaHH 33BHCHT OT nOJIO-
>KeHHH 3BeHa 59, coe.n:HHHIOLLlero 3BeHbH 58 H 60. OCb 62 paMKH IIpO-
XO.n:HT B oTBepcTHHX IIJIaTlfJopMbI, H Ha npa.BoM ee KOHu.e 3aKpenJleHO
KOpOMbIC.l0 68, IIlapHHpHo coe.n:HHeHHoe C THroH 67. THra 67 coe.n:HHe-
Ha C pbl1JarOM 72 perYJIHTOpa IIlara CTpOLJKH. PbI1Jar IIOCa>KeH Ha OCb
71, 3aKpelI.'IeHHYIO B oTBepcTHH PYKaBa MaIIlHHbI. Ha lIep e .n:HeM KOHu.e
pbl'lara perYJ1SITopa CTp01JKH HMeeTCH raHKa 75 C BHHTOM 73, OCHOBa-
HHe KOTopora YIIHpaeTcH B lfJaCOH-HYIO IIJIaCTHHY 74 YKa3aTeJ1H IIlara
CTpO'lKH, 3aKpelIJIeHHOrO Ha pY-KaBe MaIIlHHbI.
f1PY}f(HHa 55, 3aKpenJleHHaH O.n:HHM KOHU.OM K IIJIaTlfJopMe MaIIlH-
HbI, a .n:pYrHM K paMKe 60 'lepe3 KOpOMblCJIO 63, THry 67, IIpH}f(HMaeT
BHHT 73 perYJIHTOpa CTpOLJKH KBepxy nJIa-cTHHbl 74.
ECJIH BHHT 73 BbIBepTbl.BaTb, TO pbI'lar 72 perYJIHTOpa -cTpO'lKH 6y-
.n.eT 1I0BOpaLJHBaTbCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH 71 npoTHB LJaCOBOH CTpeJIKH.
THra 67 lIepeMeCTHTcH 'BBepx, a KOpOMbICJIO 63 H paMKa 60 nOBepHYTcH
no LJaCOBOH CTpeJII<e 0T<f10CHTeJIbHO OCH 62. OCb 59 6y.n:eT nepeMeLLlaTb-
CSI IIO n.yre 'C 60JIbIIlHM HaKJIOHOM H IIlar CTp01JKH YBeJIH1JHTCH (aHaJIO-
rH'lHO perYJIHpOBaHHIO IIlara CT-p01JKH B MaIIlHHax 97 H 1022-ro KJIaC-
COB).
f1pH lIepeMeLLleHHH BPY1JHYIO pbILJara 72 perYJIHTOpa CTp01J'KH BHH3
MaTepHaJI 6y.n:eT nepeMeLLlaTbcSI B 06paTHoM HalIpaBJIeHHH (Ha pa60-
TalOlllero) .
PaMKa 21 HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH (KaK H B MaIIlHHe 252-ro KJIaCca) nOJ1Y-
qaeT KaLJaHHe OT 'BaJIa 1I0.n:a1JH 54 1Jepe3 KOpOMblCJIO 64, coe.n:HHHTeJIb-
Hoe 3>BeHO 65, IIlaTYH 69, 3aKpelIJIeHHbIH Ha HH)!{HeM BaJIY 70 PYK3'Ba
MaIIlHHbC.
197
--
,
,

lllapllJlpllaH .1anKa 2.1 KpemncH K CTep}KHIO 22, K010pblll jO;:
B OTBCpCTfifi HanpaBJIfIlOlllei'1 BTy.TIKfI. CBepxy na CTep}KeHb
nJlof"ab'. CMa3Ka nap CKO.TIb}KeH"H B Maill"He OCYlllCCTBJlH-
ca Ko p n y c 46 KOToporo YCTa-
el'CH aBTOMaTlf4eCKfi c nOMOlllblO Haco ,
HOB.TIeH Ha ,lJ,BYX BTy.IIKax 48 (CM. pIlC. 143, B) ..
BTYJlKH 48 cTonopHblMH BHHTaMH H YCTaHoB04HblMH Ko.lbu.aMH Kpe
nHl'CH Ha HHmHeM BaJlY 45. 10
BT !jKa HMeeT 3KCU.eHTPH'-IHYIO KOJIbU.CBYIO npoT04KY, 'B KOTOpy
BXO,lJ,Hi'llIIl6ep 49. WH6epbI BCTaBJICHbl B oTBepcTHH Kopnyca Hacoca,
H Ha HHX .n:aBHT npymHHbl 50. 6
npH BpallleHHH BTVJlOK 48 (npH pa60Te MaIllHHbI) 'CJleBa 01' Illll e-
pOB C03.n:aIOTCH BcaCbl'BalOlllHe nOJlOCTH, o.n:Ha H3 KOTOpbIX 4epe3 OTBep-
CTHe B Kopnyce Hacoca, IllTYU.ep 51 H MaCJlonpoBo.n:HYIO Tpy6KY cO:,lJ,-
HHeTCH C MaCJIOnpflC:\1HflKOM 78 (MaCJlO B :\1ac.l0npHeMHHK 3a"1IIBa TCH
JJ..O BepxHcii pHCKH) no.'10CTH, OTK\ _ '.n: a
Cnpa'Ba 01' IllH6epoB C03.n:aIOTCH HarHeTalOlllHe
'-Iepe3 oTBepcTHH B Kopnyce Hacoca, IllTyu.epa 77, no MacaonpOBo,lJ,-
HblM Tpy6KaM MaCJlO no.n:aeTCH B pacnpc.n:eJIHTe.'lb 47
1-13 pa-cnpe.n:eJlHTeJlH 47 lJaCTb MaCJla no.n:aeTCH no Tpy6KaM .n:JlH
CMa3bIBaHflH IllapHHpHbIX coe.n:HHeHHH, pacnOJlOmCHHblx no.!I. nJlaT<t>op-
OH MaIllHHbl Y3J1bl H MexaHH3MbI, pacnOJlOmeHHble B pYKaBe MaIllH-
bI, Ma3brBal>TCH npH nOMOlllH <t>HTH.lIeH, KOTOpblC BnHTbIBalOT MaCJlO
H3 BepxHero pC3epByapa 5. B pe3epByap 5 MaCJlO no.n:aCTCH fl3 pacnpc-
.n:eJIHTCJIH 47 TOJIbKO npH pa60Te Hacoca. 4T06bl HCKJlI04HTb nepenoJl-
HeHHC pC3epByapa MaCJlOM, Ha .n:HC ero HMceTCH oTBepcTHe ,lJ,.TIH CTOKa
MaCJIa no MaCJlOnpOBO,lJ,HOli Tpy6Ke B MaCJlOnpneMHHK 78, r.n:c Mac.1O
OTCTaHBaeTCH. .
KpoMc TOro, oCYllleCTBJIHeTCH npHH,y.n:HTCJIbH,!>1II 01'COC "vIaCJIa no
MaCJlOnpoBo.n:HOH Tpy6KC, COC.n:HHHlOlllCH BCpXHHH pe3epByap 5 co BTO-
pOH Bca'cbIBalOllleH nOJIOCTblO Hacoca. OTCOC Ma-CJla ocymecTB.'lHCTCH
TaKmc H3 <t>poHTa pYKaBa MaIllHHbI.
no <t>HTHJIIO C/J 1 MaCJlO nOCTynaeT K .n:CTaJlHM MexaHH3Ma HHTenpH-
THrHBaTCJIH. <1JnTHJIb C/J2 nO,lJ,aeT MaC,'lO B nepC,lJ,HIOIO BTYJlKY 6 rJlaBHoro
BaJIa, a 3aTeM 'lepC3 MaCJlOnpoBo.n:HmHc OTBCpCTHH B nepe.n:HIOIO BTY-
KY BaJIa 70. no <t>HTllJlIO C/J3 MaCJIO nocTynaeT K TpymHMcH nOBepx-
HOCTHM IllaTYHa 12 H paMKH Ka'-laHHH 21. <1JHTHJlb C/J4 nO,lJ,aeT MaCJlO
B cpe.n:HIOIO BTYJIKY r JlaBHoro BaJIa 3, a OTTy.n:a '-IepC3 oTBepcTHH B 3a.n:-
HIOIO BTYJlKY BaJia 70. <1JHTHJIb C/J5 no.n:aCT MaCJIO B IllapIlKono,!J,IllHnHHK
1 r JlaBHOrO BaJia MaIllHHbI.
Kopnyc 41 4CJlHO'-lHOrO YCTpoHcTBa cJlymHT TaKme II. pC3epBya pOM
MaCJla .n:JlH CMa3KH '-IeJlHOKa H IllapHHpHblX COC.n:HHCHHII MexaHlI3Ma
OTBOJJ..Kll. B Kopnyc 41 MaCJIO nocTynaeT 01' MaCJIOpacnpc.n:c.'lIlTCJlH 47.
1-13 .n:03aTopa MaCJlO nocTynacT no OCCBOMY KaHaJIY BaJIa 34, B KOTO-
pOM llMceTCH <t>HTHJIb, B ropll30HTaJIbHblH KaHaJI '-ICJlHOKa H .n:aJICC K
nOHCKY IllnYJIc.n:cpmaTCJIH. KOJIH'-I&TBO no.n:aBaCMoro MaCJIa B '-ICJIHOK
pcrYJIHpyeTcH BHHTOM. 1-13 oceBoro KaHa,'Ia BaJIa 39 no <t>HTHJIHM Mac.rIO
no.n:aeTCH K IllapHHpHbI:\1 COC.n:HHCHHHM MCxaHH3Ma OTBO.n:Kll IllnYJIe-
.n:cpmaTCJIH.
198
15. Ll.uYX"rOJlbHaJI MaW"Ha 852-ro KJlaCCa nM3
no na3J184emlIO 811a.TIOrU l 1lI8 JlByxuroJlblloii MaillfillC 252-ro KJIaC-
ca, HO C03,lJ,aHa lIa 6a3C 0,lJ,1I0UrOJlblloii M8illUllbi 862-ro K,lacca C ,lJ,0-
6a'B.'1CHHeM BToporo (.leBoro) 4e.1H04110ro YCTPOHCTB8, BTOpOH IlrJlbl H
.n:pyrHx C\leHHbiX ,lJ,eTa.'leii. MaKCIlMaJlbllaH 4aCTOTa BpallleHHH r.laB-
HorO Ba.la 4500 06/').1H1l.
K.lacc MaillHHbI 852X5 Hi\lCCT paCCToHHIle Mem,lJ,y HrJl8MH 5 MM
(c npH,lomcHueM KOMnJlCKTa CMeHHblX .n:cTaJicii .n:JlH paccToHHlIH Mcm-
.n:y Hr.IJallli 3,6 MM)
K.'1acc MaIllHIlbl 852 X 10 HMeCT paCcToHHHe Mem.n:y Hr.TIaMH 10 MM
(c npIl.lomeHHcM KOMnJleKTa CMeIlHblX !l,eTaJleH .n:JIH paccToHHHH Mcm-
,lJ,y Ilr.'1allli 8 MM) flocJle 3HaKa «X» nOKa3aHO pacCTOHlIIIe MCm,lJ,Y
Hr Jla MH.
16.1I.BYXHrOJIbHaJi MaUJHHa KJIaCCa 852X38
JJ:ByxnroJlbHaH MaIlllllla KJlaCCa 852 X 38 npC,lJ,Ha3Ha'-leHa ,lJ,JlH coe-
.n:HlleHHH Bepxa MymcKHx xJIon'laT06YMamllblx 6plOK C nOHCOM H no.!!.-
K.IJa,lJ,KOJI H O.n:HOBpcMcIlHoro BTa'lHBaHHH IllJleBOK C O,lJ,HOH CTOpOHbl.
MaKCIn1aJlbHaH 4aCTOTa BpameHHH rJIaBHOro Ba.'la 3200 06/MHH.
PacCToHHnc Mem.n:y Hr JlaMH 38 MM.
l\laIllHHa HMceT MexaHH3Mbl Hr Jlbl, HHTcnpHTHrHBaTc.IJH, '-ICJIHOKOB,
BepTHKa,lbIloro nepCMemCHIIH PCi-iKH, KOTOpblC no KOHCTPYKU.HH O,lJ,H-
HaKOBbl C MexaHH3"':1aMH MaIllHHbI 862-ro KJl8Cca, BepxHIlII HanpaBll-
TCJlb 3 (pHC. 144, a) .n:JlH <t>opMoBaHHH (nO,lJ,m6KH KpacB) Bepxa nOHca
H HlfjKHIlII Hanp8BUTCJIb 4 ,lJ,JIH <t>op:\10BaHHH no.n:KJla.n:KH nOHca. Bepx-
HHH HanpaBIlTeJIb 3 KpcnllTCH Ha KpoHIllTel1He 2 C ,lJ,BoiiHbIM IllapHllpu'1
II npii 3anpaBKe BCPXHIIX HIITOK B II r.l bI OTBO,lJ,HTCH BBepx II B lIeBO.
CXC118 06pa6aTblBaeMoro IllBa nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 144,6.
31'1rOTOBKa (n'JJIOCKa) no.n:KJla.n:KH nOHca HaMaTbIBaeTCH Ha Kac-
ceTY, KOTopaH YCTaHOBJIeHa Ha KpoHIllTetIHe no.n: KpbIIllKOH CTOJIa. 3a-
rOTOBKa Bcpxa nOHca npeJJ..BapHTeJIbHO CIllIlBaeTCH B HenpepbIBHYIO
JIeHTY no 10 IllT H 60JIee (B 3aBHCHMO!:Tll 01' BeJlII'lHHbI 06pa6aTbIBae-
MOH na4KH 6p1OK) II TaKme HaMaTbIBaeTCH Ha KacceTY 1, KOTopaH pac-
nO.laraeTCH lIa KpoHIllTeHHe Ha pYKaBe MaIllHHbI.
CIllHB8HHe 3arOTOBOK Bepxa nOHca B HenpepbIBHYIO JIeHTY H Ha-
MOTKa Ha KacceTY npOH3Bo.n:HTCH Ha cneu.lla.IJbHOH MaIllHHe KJlaCCa
51 I. oCHameHHoM cncu.HaJIbHbIM naMOTO'lHbIM YCTPOHCTBOM.
Bepxmfl'1 HanpaBHTeJIb ocymeCTBJIHeT no.n:m6KY Bepxa nOHca e
.n:BYx CTOpOH (pHe. 144, B) HanpaBHTeJIb coeTOHT H3 Kopnyca 8 H
nJl8CTlIHbl, H3rOTOBJIHeMblX H3 HepmaBclOmcH CTaJiH TOJllllHHOM
0,5 Ml1. lIIHpHHa OKHa Kopny-ca, '-Iepe3 KOTopoe 3anpa'BJIHe1'CH nOJloca
TKaHH, paBHa IllHpHHe nOJlOebI, T. e. 57 MM. JJ:aJlce Kopnyc cymaeTLH
II Ha KOHU.C (BbIXO.n: TKaHH) HMceT IllHPHHY, paBHylO IllHpHHe no.n:orHY-
Toro nOHca, l' c. 42 MM.
no Mcpe nepeMeeHHH nOJIOCW TK8HH 'lepe3 HanpaBHTeJIb KOHU.W
ee nO.1.rH6aIOTCH e .n:BYX CTOpOH. no.n:rH6Ka ocyeC1'BJIHeTeH 60KOBblMII
eTopOHaMH Kopnyca, Ce'-leHHH KOTOpbIX nOKa3aHbI Ha pIle. 144, 8.
nJIaCTIlHa npHnallBaCTCH K Kopnyey 8 B MeCTax a, 6 HHmHcH 'la-
199
-

CTH Kopnyca H C 06paTHoi-i CTOpOHbI BBepxy [1JIaCTHHa npe.n:OXpaHH-
eT TKaHb OT C60peHHH npH npOXmK.n:eHHH ee IJepe3 Kopnyc Hanpa'BH-
TeJIH. 3a30pbI Me)!{.n:y !BHYTpeH'HHM npo<tmJIeM Kopnyca Ha-npaBHTeJIH
H nJIaCTHHOH .n:OJI)!{HbI 6bITb no 2 MM (Heo6xo.n:H!MbI .n:JIH npoxo.n:a l11'BOB
CTaIJHBaHHH) .
JIanKa c60pHaH HMeeT IJeTbIpe OCHOBaHHH (no.n.oIllBbI). Kpai-iHHe
OCHOBaHHH JIanOK HMeIOT Hanpa.BJIHIOIIlHe BbIcTynbI. PaocToHHHe 'Me)!{-
.n:y 3THMH BbIcTynaMH TOIJHO paBHo IllHpHHe Bepxa nOHca (42 MM),
51
f(nacc
MaWHHbl
Ha3Ha'leHHe
852X32
L(nH 06pa60TKII l:!eIJ"{a llIepCTH-
HbIX 6plOK C pac\:rmnmeM Me>K-
.:J.Y HrnaMH 32 :\1:\1
U/neDxu
7-
B
2
J
852X28 .D..1H COC.1.IIHCHlliI iJepxa 106KH
C nOHeOM (pHC. a), .Ll.'1H H3ro-
TOBneHHH nOHca II:;" rbeB (p"C.
6) PaeCTOJlHHC Ie}";!.y IIrnaMH
28 MM. nO.1.rH6aHill' JleTa.'1CJJ
nOHca C JlBYX CTOpOH
852X 12 L(.1H HaCTpa'lHDaii.ui OT:J.enO'l-
HOll TeCbMbI I!.'IH nO:Il;CKH TKaHH
Ha ,neTanH H3:J.e.1I1H (pIlC. a),
J:.1H 06pa60TKII nOHca >KeHCKO-
ro nnaTbH (pIIC. v). PaccToH-
Hlle Me>K.LlY Hr.1a:\111 12 H 19 MM
oCYll.lecTBnHeTcH C:\lelloi'1 .'I.CTa-
.1ef!: nanKlI, Ifr JlO;l.eplKaTe.1H
lIro.1bHoi" n.1aCTIIHbI II .'I.BHraTe-
.1H TKaHIl
PHC. 144. MawHHa KJlacca 852X38:
Q-CXeMa MaWHHbI; 6-cxeMa WBa; B-HanpaBHTenb
CopMOBaHHaH (no.n.orHYTaH) nO,lI;KJIallKa H3 BepxHero Hanpa'BHTeJIH
npoxo.n:HT Me)!{.n:y HanpaBJIHIOIIlHMH BbICTynaMH JIanKH H TIOCTynaPT
K HrJIaM.
HH)!{HHH HanpaBHTeJIb HMeeT aHaJIOrH'-IHYIO KOHCTPYKLl.HIO, HO no
IllHpHHe BbIxo.n:Hoe OKHO Kopnyca 3Toro HanpaBHTeJIH MeHbllIe Ha 1 MM.
TaK KaK Bepx nOHca .n:OJI)!{eH nepeKpbIBaTb no.n:KJIa.n:KY (no 0,5 MM !:la
CTOPOHY) .
JIeHTa (noJIoca) noJtKJIa.n:KH OT KacceTbI 3a'npa.BJIHeT-CH Me)!{.n:y no.n:-
npY)!{HHeHHbIMH nJIaCTHHaMH, KOTopbIe C03.n:aIOT HaTH)!{eHHe JIeHTbf.
[10.n:06Hoe HaTH)!{HOe YCTPOHCTBO HMeeTCH H OKOJIO BepxHero Hanpa-
BHTeJIH. JJ:JIH HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI MaIllHHbI He06xo.n:HMO 'C03.n:aBaTb He-
60JIblllOe HaTH)!{eHHe JIeHTaM
Ha 6a3e MaIllHHbI 852-ro KJIaCca BbmYCKaIOTCH .n:pyme 'BapHaHTbl
MaIllHH, npHBe.n:eHHbIe B Ta6JI. 17.
200
Ta6.'1HUa 17
CxeMa llJRa
oj
17. .lI.BYXHrOJIbHaH lllBeHHaH MalllHHa 203-A KJlaCCa nM3
C OTKJllOlJalOll.lHMHCH Hr JlaMH
.lI.BYXHrOJIbHaH IllBeHHaH MaIllHHa 203-A KJIaCCa npeAHa3Ha'-leHa
AJIH CTa'-lnBaHHH .n:BYMH napaJIJIeJIbHbIMH 'CTp01fKaMH pa3JIH'-IHbIX TKa-
HeH C nOBopOTOM CTpO'-leK nOA yrJlaMH H OTKJIIO'leHHeM O.n:HOH H3 HrJI.
M.aIllHHa pa3pa6oTaHa Ha 6a3e ,lI;BYXHrOJIbHOH MaIllHHbI 252-ro KJIaCCa
H B OCHOBHOM OTJlH'-I8eTCH OT Hee MeX8HH3MOM HrJl C .n:onOJI'HliTeJIbHbIM
201

"
YCTPOHCT'BO:\1 .n:JlH HX OTKJlIOlleHHH. CXCMa MalllHlILI nOKa3aHa Ha
pHC. 145.
PaCCToHHHe Mem.n:y HrJlaMH 10 MM. MalllHHa MOJ-KeT 6bITb nepeHa-
JlameHa IIa paccToHHHH 3,6; 5; 8 MM nYTeM CMeHbl Hr JlO..'l.epmaTC,leH,
JlanKH, .n:BHraTe.JIH TKaHH, HrOJlblIOH nJlaCTHllbI H YCTaHoBKoi'1 Ha COOT-
BeTcTBYlolllee paccToHHHe lle.1JHO'IHLIX KOMn.leKTOB. CKopocnlOrl pe-
>KHM pa60Tbl MalllHHbI - .n:o 3000 06fMHH.
npenHTCTBYlOT nOBopoTY Hr JlOBO.l!.HTeJleii BOKpyr OCH. nepe.n:HHe BbI-
CT\'nbl 47 BXO..'l.HT B na3bl nOBO..'l.Ka /7
J 13 IIa3\" 49 nOHO..'l.Ka nO:\lcllleHa 3anl1palOlllaH n.laCTIIHa /9, KOTO-
paH BXO..'l.I-1T B nOnepelJllbIC na3bl 46 I1r JlOBO..'l.liTe.lerl H coe.n:I1HHeT HX C
nOB0i1KO:\1 /7 TaKIIM 06pa30M, BpawaTeJlbllOe .l!.Bl1meHHC rJlaBHOrO
BaJla c nOMow.blO KpHBOllll1na, lllaTYHa II nOBo.n:Ka npe06pa30BbIBaeTcH
B B03BpanlO-nocTynaTe.'IbHOe .n:BHmeHHe I1rJlOBo.n:HTeJleiL
!,I
51 76
/
PHC. 145. CxeMa llByxHronbHoii MIIUlHHbl 203-A Knacca nM3 c OTKnIOIJalOU\H-
MHCH HrnaMH
-4
,
J .
:IT
L-

I
to
N\exaHH3:\1 Hr.l no KOHCTPYKLl.HH c.'IO>I<Hee, 'leM B MalllHHe 252-ro
KJlaCCa, TaK KaK B npoLl.ccce pa60Tbl HX lle06xo..1lI:\1O BblK.ll0lJaTb H
BK.lI0lJaTL.
CxeMa MexaHll3Ma (aBTOp B. A. Pa3rapOB) nOKa3aHa Ha pnc. 146.
jV\exaHH3M YCTpoeH C,lC..'I.YIOlllHM oopa30M. Ha KOHLl.e r.1aBIIOrO Ba,la 38-
Kpen.neH KpllBolllHn 23, Ila na.'IeLl. KOToporo nocan<eHa BCpXHHH rO.'l0-B-
Ka lllaTVHa 22, HMelow.ero £pOp MY Bll.'lKH c .J,BYMH CTep}l{llH:\IIf. HHm-
HHMH ro.l0BKaMII lllaTYll lllapHHpHO (OCH:"'IIf co BTYJI.KaMll) COe.1HHeH C
npoyIllHHaMH nOBO..'l.Ka /7, KOTOpblH nepeMCw.acTcH Men<.n:y ..1BYMH lla-
npaBJlHlOliUDIH n:laHKaMH: 3a.n:llei'1 /6 11 nepe..1HeH 8. n.'IaHKII cOe..'l.HHe-
HbI C Kopnyco:\1 KalJalOlleiicH paMKll 10 ..'I.BYMH BIIIITaMH. KalJalOlllaH'cH
paMKa, KaK If B :\IaIllllHe 252-ro K.'IaCCa, 3aKpen.lclla Ha Ba.1Y H no.'I)"-
'laeT .n:BH}KeHlfe OT MexallH3Ma npO..'l.OJlbllOrO nepeMew.cHIIH pct"IKI1.
B oTBepcTHH nOBO..'l.Ka /7 If KalJalOw.eiicH paMKH BXO..'l.HT nycToTe.'ILle
Hr JlOBO..'l.IITC.'lH 4.
HrJlbl 1 3aKpen.'IHlOTCH BI1HTaMH B Hr.l0..1epn<aTe,lHx 2. HrJlo.n:ep-
maTeJlH XBOCTOBI1KaMH BCTaBJlHIOTCH B nVCTOTe.1LlC Hr.noBO..1HTe.'I1I H
3aKpCnJIHIOTCH B HI1X .!I,JlI1HHblMH BHIITaMH 18.
CBepxy I1r.l0BO.!l,HTeJIH HMelOT ro.'IOBKY C .J,BYMH BLl'CTyna:\IIf. 3a.!l,-
HlIe HanpaB,1H10w.He BblcTynbl 48 BXO.n:HT B na3bl 51 3a.n:Hci'1 nJlari;{H 11
202
4t
PIIC. 146. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma Hrn MaUlHHbl 203-A K.'1aCCa
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pHC. 149.
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HHIO MaTepHaJIa.
MeXaHJI3Mbi HHTenpHTHfHBaTeJlH H peliKH (nepe:\lellleHue l\IaTepHa-
JIa) aHaJIOfH'lHbl I\IeXaHIl31\1al\l CTa'-lHBalOlllHX !\IallIHH.
MexaHH3Mbl HfJlbl. KaK YKa3aHO BbI llIe , .n:JlH no.1YLJeHHH 3Hf3afO-
06pa3Hoii CTpO'lKH HfJla B :;)TOtl MallIHHe Hl\leeT .n:Ba .J.Bl1meHI1H: B03-
BpaTHo-noCTynaTe"lbHoe H nOnepe'-lHoe.
MexaHH3M B03BpaTHO-nocTynaTeJlbHoro .n:oH*eHHH HrJlb!. lI.JlH CO-
06llleHHH HrJIe B03BpaTHo-nOCT}'naTe.lbHoro .n.BHmeHHH, KaK H B 60JIb-
llIHHCTBe llIBeMHblX ;\fallIHH 4eJIHO'lHOfO nma, npll\leHeH KpIlBOlllHnHO-
llIaTYHHbIII MexaHII3M (pHC. 153).
I P yea K 0 B C. 1-1. OC06CHHOCTII pa60Tb! 'IC.1HOKa npll BbmO.1HCHIIII 3l1r3aro-
06pa3Hoil CTpO'lKIl. «JIcrKaH np0:\lbIUl.1CHHOCTb», 1952, Nq 3.
213

,
lIa rlaBHOM BaJl)' 1 3a'KpenJleH KpI-IBOWHn 2, Ha naJIeu. KOToporo
HaD.eTa BepXHfl5I rO.l0BKa IllaTYHa 5. HmKHHH rOJlOBKa waTYHa Ha!I.eTa
Ha HII.1IfH'!!'pH4ecK}'Io '-IaCTb nOBo.n:Ka 6. B rOJIOBKY nOBO;I.Ka BJlO)KeH
na.leH 7. B orBepcTIm KOToporo BHHTOM 8 3aKpenJIeH HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIb 9.
TaKoe KpenJleHIlC HrJlOBo.n:HTeJlH B rOOBKe nOBo.n:Ka 06ecne4HBaeT
C:\IY nonepelJlloe OlelllellHe C HaK.'101l0M 6C3 3aK.,1HHHBaHHH MexaHIl3-
C nOMolllbIO PYKOHTKH 15 KYJIlICY MO)KHO nOBepHYTb BOKP) r ee OCH
14 H H3MeHHTb HaKJlOH KYlHCHoro na3a.
MexaHH3M pa60TaeT CJIe.n:YIOIllHM 06pa30M: npH BpallleHJIH w€'CTep-
HH 17 BMeCTe C HeH BpaIllaeTcH H TpCXu.eHTpoBblll KYJIalJOK, KOTOpbIl1
nepeMeIllaeT BBepx H BHH3 P0)KKH BHJIKII 12, HO 6.1aro.n:ap51 Ky.1I1CHOMY
KaMHIO 11, nepeMeIllalOIlleMycH B HaK.'10HHOM na3y, BHJlKa no.'lY'-IaeT
6
9
I
PHC. 153. MexaHH3M Hrnbl MaUlHHbl 26-m KJlaCCa
PHC. 152. CxcMa 3HI3ar-MaUlHHbl 26-ro Knacca nl\\3
eIlle .n:BH)KeHUe B;I.O.'1b OCH r JlaBHOrO BaJia U OTK.-IOJ-lHCT Ka'laIOWYIOCH
pa:\1KY B 3T0:\1 }Ke HanpaBJleHHH.
Tpexu.cHTpOBblIl KY.lalJOK Co06Iu.aeT BU.1Ke H Ka'laIOlllefiCH pai\1Ke
ABH)KeHHe C BbICToeM, T e. Kor.n:a Hr Jla HaXO.!I.HTCH B MaTepIlaJle. KY-
.1a'lOK He nepeMelllaeT 'BIIJlKY, a nepeMeIllaeT B TOT MOMeHT, KorJ.a I1rla
BbIii.n:eT H3 MaTepHa.1Ja. MaJiaH weCTepHH, co06IllalOIllaH BpaIlleHI-Ie
KYJla'-lKY '-Iepe3 60JIbWYIO WeCTepJ-lIO, .n:OJl)KHa 6bITb 3aKpen.leHa BHH-
TaMIl Ha rJIaBHO:\1 BaJlY B TaKOM nOJlO>KeHHU, lJT06bl OOeCnelJIIBaJIOCb
nOnepe'-lHOe nepeMeIlleHI'e Hr Jlbl, Kor.n:a OHa BblW.la H3 MaTepHa"la.
PerYJIHpOBaHHe MexaHH3Ma Hr JIbI. B J\leXaHIl3:\le 1\I0jl<H0 perYJlJI-
ponaTb nOnepelJHOe nepeMellleHIIe Hr.lbl; nO.'1O>KeHIIC II r.l bl OTIlOCIITeJIb-
HO HOCIIKa lJe.HIOKa no BepnlKa:m H nO.10>KeHHe IIr.1LI OTHOCHTe.'1bHO
Hro.lbHOII nJIaCTIIIIbl.
OOnepelJHOe nepeMeIlleHfIe pa:\IKH, a CJIe.n:OBaTe.lbHO, H II r.l bI 6y.n:eT
3aBHceTb OT BeJlHlJHHbl yr,iJa llaK.10Ha K BepTIIKa.1H na3a B K\".llIce-pc-
rYJlHTOpe 13. l..IeM 60"lbwe 6y.n:eT 3TOT HaKJlOH, Te:\1 60.1bwe 6YJ.eT no-
nepe'lHOe nepcMellleHHe Hr"lbl. OpH pery.HIpoBaHHII P) KOHTKa 13
nepe:\leIllaeTcH B cooTBeTcTBYlOlllee nO.lon<eHHe. OpH pacno.'1o;+..eHHH na
15
l\Ia. IIr.loBo.n:HTe.rIb, Ha KOHu.e KOToporo BHHTOM 3aKpenJIeHa Hr.'la, nc-
peMeIllaeTcH B HanpaBJIHIOIllHX paMKH 4, Ka'laIOIlleHcH OKOJIO OCH 3.
MexaHH3M nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMelll,eHHSI or JIbl. rIonepelJHOe J1epe-
MellleHHe Hr.'la nocJle Bblxo.n:a H3 MaTepHaJIa nOJlY'laeT BMeCTe C KalJa-
HHeM pa:\IKH 4. 3TOT MexaHH3M YCTpoeH c.'le.n:ylOlllHM 06pa30M. 3a-
KpenJleHHaH Ha r JIanHOM BaJlY wecTepHH 18 nepe.n:aeT BpaIlleHHe (c
ncpen.aTO'lHbL\1 OTHoweHIIeM 2. 1) 60,,'1bWOIl wecTepHe 17, KOTopaH
BpaIllaeTcH Ila Heno.n:BIi)KHOll OCIi 16. OCb 3aKpenJIeHa B -CTeHKe py-
Kana M3WHHbl. WeCTepHH H3rOTOBJIHeTCH BMeCTe C Tpexu.eHTpOBbIM
KYJIalJKO:\I 19, KOTOpblH OXBaTblBaeTCH I3HJIKOH 12, coe.n:I-fHeHIIOll C Ka-
lJalOlllei'lcH pa:\IKoH 4 3KCu.eHTpU'leCKIL\1 wapHHpHblM na.1Jbu.eM. Ha
OCH BH.'lKH OKO.iJO ee pO>KKOB wapHHpHo nOCa)KeH KYJlHCHblH 'KaMeHh
11, Ka:\leHb BXOn.HT B na3 KYJlHCbI-perymlTopa 13 nOnepe'lHOrO nepe-
MellleHHH Hr Jlbl.
14

3a KYJII1Cbl BepTI1KaJIb'HO, KOr.n:a PYKOHTKa OnYll1.eHa, nOnepe'lHOrO ne-
peMellleHI1H Ka'lalOll1.aHCH paMKa He nOJIY'lI1T, 11 MalllHHa 6y.n:eT .n:aBaTb
npOCTYlO O.n:HOJIHHeIIHYIO CTpO'lKY.
OOJIO>KeHHe Hr JIbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO HOCHKa 'leJIHOKa no ,BepTHKaJIH
perYJIHpYIOT, K8-K H BO MHorHX MaIllHHax, 'CMell1.eHHeM HrJIbI BMeCTe 'C
HrJIOBOIlI1TeJIeM. !{JIH :noro He06xo.n:HMO OCJIa6HTb BHHT 8 H, npaBHJIb-
HO yCTaHoBHB HrJIY, BI1HT 3aKpenHTb. OOJIO>KeHHe HrJIbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO
na3a (oKHa) HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbI perY.'IHpYIOT nOBopoTOM B He06xo-
.n:IIMOM HanpaB.lemHI 3KcueHTpn'lHOrO naJIbua. !{JIH perYJIHpOBaHIIH
HY>KHO oTKpenHTb cTonopHbIH BHHT, KOTOpbIM naJIeu KpenHTcH B npM-
JII1Be pa:\1KI1 (Ha pHCYHKe He nOKa3aHO), H noc..le perYJIHpOBKH BHHT
CHOBa 3aKpenHTb.
CJIe!l.yeT OTMeTHTb, 'lTO paHee paCCMOTpeHHbIII npHHUHn 'BbI60pa
npall1.eHlfH 'le"HIOKa 11 r JIaBHOrO Ba.'la Ha IllBeHH)"1O 3Hr3ar-MaIllHHV
26-ro K.laCCa 0,'V\.3 He pacnpOCTpaHHeTCH, HeCMOTpH Ha TO, '-ITO B 3Toit
MallIl1He Hr JIa noc.1Je Ka>K.n:oro )"KOJIa TaK>Ke HMeeT nOnepe'-lHOe nepe-
Mell1.eHHe. 06"bHCHHeTCH 3TO TeM, '-ITO nepeMell1.eHHe Hr JIbI npOHCXO.!I.HT
3.n:eCb B n.l0CKoCTH, napaJIJIeJIbHOH OCH r JIaBHOrO 'BaJIa, a He 'B nepneH-
.!I.HKYJIHpHOH.
Ha'laJIo no.n:"beMa HrJIbI H3 HH>KHerO MepT,Boro nOJIO>KeHHSI KaK npH
npaBoM, TaK H npH JIelBOM YKOJIe 6y.n:eT npOHcxo.n:HTb npH O.n:HOM H TOM
>Ke nOJIO>KeHHH KpHBOIllllna HrJIOBo.n:llTeJIH. B 3T0:\1 CJIY'-Iae pa3HHua
B no.n:"belaX HrJIbl npH npaBOM H JIeBOM YKOJIaX 6Y.lI.eT 3a.BI1CeTb TOJIb-
KO OT BeJIH'-IHHbI ee nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMell1.eHHH, T. e. OT WHpHHbI 3Hr-
3ara. B .n:aHHOM CJIY'lae .n:JIH YJIY'-IIlleHHH Y'CJIOBllH 3'aXBaTa npH 060HX
YKOJIaX I1r..lbI 6bIJIO 6bI ueJIeC006pa3HO npHMeHllTb npHHUHn CMell1.eHllH
OCll 'leJIHOKa, '-ITO H OCYll1.eCTBJIeHO B :\1aIllHHe 75-ro K.lacca.
IlleCTepHH 3aKpenJIeHa Ha BaJIHKe 4, Bpall1.alOIl1.eMCH B no.n:IllHnHHKax.
Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHue 3Toro BaJIHKa 3aKpenJIeH .n:BYMH BHHTa MI1 KO-
nHpHbIH HCK 5, B KaHaBKY KOToporo 'BXO.n:HT pOJIHK 6 K)".lI1Cbl 7,
Ka'-lalOll1.eHCH BMeCTe 'C OCblO 'B npHJIHBe PYKaBa. B na3Y KYJIllCbI 7 Illap-
HHpHO KpenHTcH rOJIOBKa THrH 8, .coe.n:HHeHHoH BTOpOH rOJIOBKOii C KO-
pOMblCJIOM 9. Eho KOpOMbCJIO, 'B CBOIO o'-lepe.n:b, 3aKpenJIeHO Ha npo-
111
7NZ
fWN'J}}M
...

3. MaIllHHa 75-ro KJIaCCa nM3
MawHHa 75-ro K.1JaCCa OM3 (pHC. 154, a, 6) npe.!l,Ha3Ha'laeTCH .!I.JIH
BbInOJI'HeHllH 3Hr3aro06pa3HoH 'CTpO'-lKll co CJIO>KHbI:\1 pncYHKoM. Pa3-
JIll'lHble PllCYHKH (YKa3aHHbIe TaM }Ke) nOJIY'laIOTCH 'CO'leTaHl1eM none-
pe'lHOrO nepeMell1.eHHH HrJIbI IC nepeMell1.eHHeM MaTepHaJIa. UllKJI BbI-
nOJIHeHllH caMoro CJIO>KHOro pHCYHKa paBeH 12 06'opoTaM r.1JaBHOrO
BaJIa MaIllHHbI (12 YKOJIa:\1 HrJIbI).
00 KOHCTPYKUHI1 MaIllHHa HMeeT MHoro 061l1.ero C 3Hr3ar-MaIllHHoii
26-ro K.1JaCCa, OT"lH'laHCb OT Hee JIHIllb MexaHH3M0:\1 nOnepe'-lHOrO ne-
peMell1.eHlIH Hr.1JbI II MexaHH3MOM npo.n:OJIbHOrO nepeMell1.eHHH peiiKH
(.n:BHraTeH TKaHH)
MexaHH3M HrJIbl. I1rJIa, TaK me KaK H B !\laWI1He 26-ro K.lacca, no-
JIY'-IaeT l!Ba .n:Bl1meHI1H: B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOe II nOnepe'lHOe ne-
peMell1.eHl1e. MeXaHI13M B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOrO .iI.Bl1meHI1H I1r.1JbI
TOT >Ke ca:\lbIi1; Hr.1JOBOJ1.HTeJIb nepeMell1.aeTCH B TOH me Ka'laIOll1.ei'IcH
paMKe.
MexaHH3M nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMell1.eHHH I1r JIbI YCTpoeH CJIe.n:yIOIl1.HM
06pa30M (c. pHC. 154, a): Ha rJIaBHOM 'BaJIy 1 38-KpenJIeH 'lepBHK 2,
nepe.n:moll1.11l1 Bpall1.eHlfe c nepe..'l.aTO'lHblM OTHOWeHlle-M 12: 1 '-I'epBH'l-
HOM meCTepHe 3 ('lepBHK Tpex3axo.n:Hblii, IlleCTepHH H:\1eeT 36 3y6beB);
216
Q)
OJ
PHC. ]54. lllBeHHaH MaWHHa 75-ro Knacca nM3:
a-cxeMa MamHHbI; 6-BH,D.bl CTpO'leK
Me>KYTO'lHOM 'BaJIllKe 10. BTopoe KOpOMbICJIO 11 THroH 12 COe;I.llHeHO
C IllapHHpHbJ.M naJIbueM 13 Ka'laIOll1.eHCH paMK'll Hr JIO'Bo.n:HTe"lH 14.
OpH Bpall1.ellll r JIaBHOrO Ba"la nOJIY'laeT B'pall1.eHHe H .Konllp'HbIH
.n:JilCK 5, K<,;r0pbIH B 3aBJilCHMOCTll OT xapaKTepa pncYHKa HMeeT COOTBeT-
CTBYIOIl1.HI1 npoq,llJIb KaHaBKH (.n:HCKll cMeHHbIe), npH 3TOM pO.llfK no-
BOpa'-lHBaeT KYJIHCY 'B TY HJIH .lI.pyryIO CTOPOHY. Ka'laHlIe KYJII1CbI 'lepe3
THry 8, KOpOMbJoCJIa 9:If 11 H THry 12 co061l1.aeTcH Ka'-laIOll1.eHCH paMKe
HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH 14, 'B pe3YJIbTaTe 'lero HrJIa nOJIy'laeT COOTBeTCTB\'IOll1.ee
nOnepe'lHoe nepeMell1.6HHe. .
PerYJIHpO'BaHHe MeXaHH3l\fa. B MexaHH3Me pery.1HpyeT-
CH BeJIH'lHHa nOnepe1fHOrO nepeMell1.eHHH HrJIbI CMell1.eHlfeM rO.l0BKH B
TSJTH 8 B na3Y KYJIHCbI 7. OpH 3aKpenJIeHllH rOJIOBKH B 6JIHme KOCH
Ka'laHHH KYJIHCbl BeJIH'-IHHa nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMell1.eHHH YMeHbIllaeT'CH,
npH 3a'KpenJIeHHH .n:aJIbIlle OT OCH Ka'laHHH BeJIH'lHHa nonepe'-l'Horo
nepeMell1.eHHH HrJIbI YBeJIH'-IIHBaeTCH. HaH60JIbIllee nOnepe'lHOe nepe-
217

MelllenHe Hr JILl paBHo 9 ,MM. CBoeBpeMeHHOCTb nepeMellleHHH Hr JIbl .n:o-
CTHraeTCH YCTaHOBKOll KonnpHoro .n:HCKa lIa BaJIHKe 4.
MexaHH3M peHKH. PCIlKa (}J.BHraTeJIb MaTepHaJIa), l\aK H B }J.PY-
rHX :\t a UH!ll ax, IIO.I]Y4aeT .n:Ba .n:BH>KeHHSl. npo}J.o.'lbIlOe (B HanpaBJIeHlIIl
nO}J.a4H H 06panlO) H BepTHKa.'lbIlOe - BBepx H BHH3. MexaHH3M Bep-
TIIKa.lbHoro ncpeMcllleHHH peilKH TOT }Ke, 41'0 B MalllHHC 26-ro KJIaCCa,
l' e. OH nO..'l.HlLVlaeT H onYCKaeT per!KY npH Ka>K.n:OM CTe}KKe He3a,BH-
CHMO 01' Toro, Hc06xo.n:HMO JIH npH 3TOM nepeMellleHHe MaTepHaJIa H.1H
HeT
McxaHH3:\1 np01l.0.lbHoro nepe:\lellleHmr co06111aeT 1I.BIUKeHHe pellKe
B lIe06x01l.IHIOM I-IanpaBJIeHHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa pHCYHKa
H YCTpoeH CJIe}J.YlOlllHM 06pa30M: Ha 3a}J.HeM KOHl.{e Ba.1HKa 4 4epBH4-
Horo pe..'l.YKTopa 3aKpen.'leH }J.BYMSl BHHTaMH BTOpoii KonHpllLIii 1I.HCK
21, B KaHaBKY KOToporo BXO}J.HT pOJIHK 22 KYJIII CLI 20. B na3Y D KY-
JIHCLI 20 lllapHnpHo 3aKpenJIeHa BepxHHH rO.'lOBKa THrH 19, a HH>KIIHH
ero rO.'IOBKa coe}J.l!HeHa C KOpOMbICJIO:\1 18 Ba.'Ia no.n:a4H 17. B npoYlllH-
lIax Ba.la nO..'l.a4H, KaK H B 1I.P} nIx panee paccMoTpeHllblx McxaHH3-
Max, 3aKpenJIeH pLl4ar 16 C peHKoii 15.
OpH BpallleHIfH KonHpHoro .n:nCKa 21 pO.lliK 22 nOBopalIHBaeT KY-
.'lHcY Ha He60.'1blllOII yro.l B TY HJIH HHYIO 'CTOPOHY (B COOTBeTCTBHH C
PHCYHKO:\I H xapaKTepoM KanaBKH B KonHpHoM ..'I.HCKe) Ka4aHHe KY-
JIHCbI 4epe3 THry 19 H KOpOMLlCJIO 18 co06111aeTcH BaJIY n01l.a4H 17, cn
npoYlllHH KOToporo pL:':ar pellKH H peiiKa no.'lY4aloT npo.n:0.1bI!Oe nepe-
l\IeU{eHHe.
Per y .1] H P 0 B a H HeM e x a H H 3 M a. B u MexaHH3Me perYJIllpy-
eT<:H Be.1H4Hiia np01l.0JIbHOro nepe:VlellleHHH peHKH cMellleHHeM Bepx-
Hen rO.l01(i-! THrH 19 B na3Y KYJIHCbl 20. ECJIH ro.l0BKY THrH 3aKpe-
nHTb 6.1H>Ke KOCH Ka'IaHHH KYJIHCbl, TO BeJIH4HHa np01l.0.'lbHOrO nepe-
MellleHIIH (a c.le.n:OBaTe.lbHO, II lllar CTp04KH) YMeHblllHTCH. OpH
3aKpen.leHHH rOJIOBKI-I THrH 1I.aJIbille 01' OCH Ka4alHlH KV.'1HCbl lllar
CTp04J<iH YBeJIH41IBaeTCH. HaH60JIblllHHlllar'CTp04KH 6 MM. .
. C'BoeBpe:\teIlHoCTb nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa .n:OCTHraeTCH YCTaHoB-
KOII KonHpHoro 1I.HCKa 21 Ha BaJIHKe 4. Y,cTaHoBKoH pa3.1H4HLlX KonHp-
HbI:\ .n:HCKOB MexaHH3Ma nonepe4Horo nepeMellleHHH HrJIbl H .n:BHraTe-
JIH TKaHH MO>KHO no.'lY4HTb pa3JIH4HbIe BH.n:bl PH'CYHKOB. HeKoTopble
PHCYHKH no.rIY4aIoTcH npH pa3JIH4HOH YCTaHoBKe OJI:HHX H Tex me KO-
nHpHblx .n:HCKOB. OOJIYlJeHHe llleCTH PHCYHKOB oCYllleCTBJIHeTCH Ha Ma-
lllHHe TpeMH KonHpHblMH .n:HCKaMH HrJIbI H TpeMH KonHpHbIMH .n:HCKaMH
nO;,J:a4H. BH1I.bl CTp04eK. nOJIY4aeMblx Ha MalllHHe, YKa3aHbl Ha pHC.
154, 6.
MexaHH3M HrJlbl. l1r.'la HMeeT }J.BH>KeHHH. B03BpaTnO-nOCT) n3TCJIb-
noe H nonepe4Hoe. 1V\exaHH3M B03SpaTllO-nocTynaTe.lbHoro ..1BH)KeHHH
Hr JIbl 'KPHBOlllHHHO-lllaTYHHblll. Ha r JIaBHO;\1 BaJIY 1 3aKpen.leH KpHBO-
lllHn 5, naJIel.{ KOToporo OXBaTblBaeT BepXHHH rOJIOBKa (c HrO.lb4aTblM
no.n:lllHnHHKoM) lllaTYHa 10. .llJIH nepeMellleHHH Hr JILl B }J.BYX HanpaB-
JIeHHHX lllaTYH 10 HMeeT .n:Ba lllapHHpa. HH>KHHH ro.l0BK-a lllaTYHa
OXBaTbIBaeT nOB0..10K 11, 3aKpenJIeHHblH BHHTOM 9 Ha Hr.l0B01l.HTeJIe
14. Ha KOHue Hr.l0Bo.n:HTe.1H XOMYTHKOM KpemlTcH Hr.la 15.

.......
......
6
f 7
1,5
9
'"
".
PHC. 155. CxeMa 3Hr3ar-MalllHHbl 335-ro Knacca IjJHpMbl «MHHepBa»
4. 3Hnar MallJHHa 335-ro KJIaCCa HpMbI «MHHepBa»
31'a :\lalllHHa no Ha3Ha4eHlilO aHaJIOrH4Ha MalllHHe 26-ro KJIac,ca
OJ\\3, HO HMeeT 60JIblll)'1O npoH3Bo.n:HTeJIbHOcTb. 4acToTa BpallleHHH
rJIaBHOrO BaJIa .n:o 4000 B MHHYTY CxeMa MalllHHbI nOKa3aHa Ha
pHC. 155.
MexaHH3M HHTenpTSlrHBaTeJlSl aHa.I]OrHlJeH MeXaHH31\IY CTa4HBaI0-
lllHX MalllH.H. B rO.I]OBKe pbl4ara HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJlH 4 YCTaHOBJIeH
HrOJIb4aTblH nO)l.IllHnHHK.
218
MexaHH3M nonepe4Horo nepeMew.eHHH Hr JlbI. Hr JIOBO..'lHTe,lb nepe-
MelllaeTCH B HanpaBJIHlOlllHX paMKH 7, KOTopaH nOJIY4aq Ka4aTeJIbHOe
.n:BH)KeHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH 6.
MexaHH3M YCTpoeH cJIe.n:YlOlllHM 06pa30M. 3aKpenJIeHHaH Ha r.l]aB-
HOM BaJIY MaJIaH llleCTepHH 3 Haxo.n:HTCH B 3al.{enJIeHHH C 60.'lbIllOH
llleCTepHeH 50 (nepe.n:aTOlJHOe OTHOlllelme 2 I). TpeXl.{eHTpOBbllf KY-
JIa40K 51, H3rOTOBJIeHHblH KaK OJI:Ha .n:eTaJib C lllecTepHeH, OX'BaTbIBa-
eTCH BHJIKOH 13. B npaBYIO llleKY BHJIKII 3anpeccoBaH JIaHel.{ C OCblO
49, Ha KOTOpylO Ha.n:eT KaMeHb 48. KaMeHb BXO.n:HT B na3 KYJIHCbI 47,
Ha OCli KOTOpOH 3aKpenJIeH pbI'-Iar 46 perY.1HTopa BeJIUlJHHbI 3Hf3a,:'!.
BHJIKa 13 3KcI.{eHTpH4HbIM naJlbl.{eM 12 coe.n:HHeHa C Ka4alOllleilcH
paMKoH 7.
OpH BpallleHlIH rJIaBHOrO BaJIa KYJlalJOK 51 co06111aeT BHJIKe 13
BepTHKaJIbHble nepeMellleHHH C «BbICToeM», a KaMeHb 48, nepeMelllaHcb
219

B HaKJIOHHOM na3Y KYJIHCbl 47, co06lilaeT .n:onOJIHHTeJIbHO H ropH30H-
-raJIbHOe nepeMelileHHe, 6JIarOJI.apH KOTOPOMY paMKa 7 nOJIY'laeT Ka'la-
TeJIbHOe .n:BIDKeHHe.
BeJIII'lHHa nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMeIII.eHHH Hr JIbl perYJIllpyeTcH pbI'larOM
46, nO'BopoTOM KOToporo H3MeHHeTCH yroJI HaK.'10Ha na3a Ky.'1HCbl 47
K BepnIKa.'1H.
MexaHH3M 'leJiHOKa, B MalIlHHe YCTaHOBJIeH cneUl1aJIbHbIll 'leJIHOK
Tl1na 'le.1HOKa MalIll1HbI 22-A KJIaCCa, HO C YBeJII1'leHHbIM 06'beMOM
lIlnYJIbKI1 11 pallHycoM HOCI1Ka 'leJIHOKa.
aT r,laBHoro BaJIa MalIlHHbI 'leJIHOK 22 nOJIY'laeT BpalileHHe 'lepe3
6apa6aHbl 2, 43 H peMeHb 45, HlDKHHH HaJI 35, napy BHHTOBblX meCTe-
peH 20 (c nepe.n:aTOlJHblM OTHOlIleHlfeM 1 .2) H Ba.'1 'leJIHOKa 53.
Ha KOHue HmKHero BaJia 3aKpenJIeH 3KCUeHTpHK 21, OT -ROTOpOro
nOJIY'laeT KOJle6aTeJIbHOe .n:BmKeHHe OTBo.n:Ka 23 lIlnYJIe.n:ep}l{aTeJIH.
J],BHraTeJlb TKaHH 25 !BepTH'KaJIbHOe nepeMelll.5HHe nOJlYlJaeT OT 3KC-
l.(eHTpHKa 30, 'lepe3 lIlaTYH 29, KOpOMblCJIO 31, 'BaJI no.n:'beMa 28, KO-
pOMblCJIO 27 C KaMHeM 52.
rOpH30HTaJlbHOe nepeMelI.{eHHe pbl'lar 24 H .n:BHraTeJIb TKaHH nOJIY-
'lalOT OT 3K'CUeHTpHKa 32 lJepe3 rnaTYH 33, KOpOMbl'CJIO 34, Ba.'l no.n:a'lH
26 H KOpOMbllCJIO 19.
Pery.'1HpOBaHHe lIlara CTpO'lKH OCYllI.ecTBJIHeTCH nepeMelll.eHHeM 3KC-
l.(eHTpHKa 32 B.n:OJIb DCH BaJIa 35.
3TO nepeMeIII.eHlle DCYllI.ecTSJlHeT,CH nOBopoTDM perYJIHTOpa CTpOlJ-
KH 44. 3K'cl.(eHTpHlJHbIH na3 perYJIHTOpa nepeMelll.aeT naJIeu 42 no Bep-
THKaJ1H, a BHJIKa 41, KOTopaH JIeBbIM P0}l{KOM nD.n: .n:eHcTBHeM npY}I{H-
Hbl 39 ynHpaeTcH B naJleu 42, nOBDpalJH.BaeTCH BMeCTe C OCbIO 40 nO'
lJaCOBOII CTpeJIKe. KOpOMblCJIO 38 lJepe3 3Be'H0 37, THry 36 nepeMe-
l1{aeT 3KcueHTpHK 32 B.n:OJlb BaJia 35.
feo:\IeTpH'leCKaH OCb 3KcueHTpHKa 32 He napaJIJleJIbHa OCH 'BaJIa 35,
n03T0l\1Y npH ero CMelll.eHHH B.n:OJlb OCH BaJIa, a CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, H aT-
HOCHTeJIbHO nJlOCKOCTH maTYHa H3MeHHIOTCH era 3KcueHTpHcHTeT H
BeJIlI'lHHa ropH30HTaJIbHOrO nepeMelll.eHHH peH'KH.
JIanKa 18, 3aKpenJIeHHaH Ha CTep}l{He 17, npH}I{HMaeTCH K HrOJIbHOH
nJiaCTHHe npY}I{HHOH 8. PYlJHOH no.n:'beM JlanKH OCYllI.eCTBJIHeTCH pbIlJa-
raM 16.
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HOH LlBYXHHTOlfHOH D.n:HOJIHHeHHOH H 3Hr3aro06pa3HoH CTpOlJKOii C 0'6-
pe3Koii HHTOK H DCTaHOBOM HrJlbI B 3a.n:aHHOM nOJIO}l{eHHH.
MaKCHMaJlbHaH lJaCTOTa BpaIII.eHHH rJIaBHOrO BaJIa 5500 o6fMHH.
MaCHMaJIbHaH 'BeJIH'lHHa 3Hr3ara - 10 MM. CxeMa MalIlHHbl naKa-
3aHa Ha pHC. 156. fJIaBHblii BaJi 3, HMelOllI.HH TPH onopbl, CMOHTHpOB:.tH
Ha lIlapHKOBblX no.n:WHnHlIKax C ynopHbIMH KOJIbuaMH. Ha 3a.n:HeM KOH-
l.(e r JIaBHOrO BaJIa 3aKpenJIeH MaXOBUK 1, lJepe3 KOTOpbIH nepe.n:aeT'cH
BpalileHHe (no 'la-COBOH CTpeJIKe) 01' npHBo.n:a Ha rJIaBHbI" 'BaJi.
Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHl.(e rJIaiBHOrO BaJIa 3aKpenJleH KpHBolIlHn 7, KOTO-
pblH Bpalll.aHcb Bl\1eCTe C BaJIOM, 'lepe3 KOJIeH'laTbl.ii naJlel.( 8 nepe.n:aeT
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;J.llIDKCIIIIC Bce:VI OCTaJll>I1l>I:VI 3BelIbflM KaK MeXaHI13Ma HHTenpHTSJrJ-ma-
TeJlJl, TaK H MeXaHI13Ma I1rJIbI.
MeXalII13:\ol HI1TenpHnlrI1BaTe.'JSJ - lllapHHpHO-'CTep}l{HeBOII, B lllap-
Hl-fpHblX coe.n:I1HeHHHX KOToporo npIl:VIeHeHbl lllapHKOBble nO..'I.llll1nII H-
KH, MeXaHH3\1 I1r JIbl - KpI1BOllll1nHO-lllaTYHHbllI.
Hr JIOBo.n:HTe.'lb 20 nOJIY'laeT B03BpaTlW-noCTynaTeJIbHOe .1BH}I{emle
OT KpH-BOlllHna 7 lJepe3 coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOe 3BeHO 18 (lllaTYH) H nOBO-
.J.OK 19.
OaJIeu 8 Kpl1BOlllHna Hr JIOBo.n:HTe.1SJ He KOHCO.lbHbIH, KaK BO MHO-
rHX Mallll1HaX, a HMeeT 'BTOpOll KplfBolllHn 9, OCb 'KOToporo BpalUaeTCH
B no.n:lllHnHIIKe. OOCJIe.n:HHII 3aKpenJIeH B KpbIlllKe <P'POHTOBOll lJaCT'H
PYKaBa. Kpo:\le Toro, nOBo.n:OK 19 Hr JIOBo.n:I1TeJIH nepeMelllaeTcH B Ha-
npaBJIHlOllleH 17, KOTopaH, B CBOIO olJepe.n:b, CKOJIb3HT no HanpaBJIHlO-
llI.eMY CTep}l{HlO 16. CTep}l{eHb 3aKpenJleH XOMYTI1Ko:\l C na.'lbueM B PY-
KaBe MalllHHbI.
PafKa i-fr.lOBo.n:HTeJ1H 22 I1MeeT HanpaBJIHlOlUl1H naJIeu 21, KOTOpbll1
BXO.n:HT B OTBcpCTHe PYKaBa MalllHHbI.
MexaHH3M 3Hr3ara. OOnepe'-lHOe nepel\lem,eHHe Hr.'1a nOCJIe Bbl-
XO.'l.a 113 MaTepHaJIa nO.1Y'laeT BMeCTe C pal\lKoii 22, .n:BH}I{eHHe KOTOpOl1
oCYlUeCTBJIHeTCH CJIe.n:YlOllI.HM 06pa30M. 3aKpenJIeHHblil Ha rJIa-BHOM Ba-
JIY 3 6apa6aH 2 C nOMOlllblO 3y6'laTOrO peMHH 36 H 6apa6aHa 37 ne-
pe.n:aeT BpallleHHe npOMe}l{YTOlJHOMY BaJIY 33 (nepe.n:aTO'lHOe OTHOllle-
HHe 2 I), Ha KOTOpOM KpenHTcfl TpexucHTpOBblH KYJIa'l0K 32, OXBaTbI-
BalulUHHcH paMKoii ,11 C KBa.n:paTHbIM OKHOM. C nOMOlllblO ::nOlI paMKH 31,
3BeHbH 30 H 26, pa:vlKa 22, a BMeCTe CHell H Hr.l0B0.1HTeJIb 20 no.'lV-
'lalOT nepeMelll.eHHe B.n:OJIb nJIaT<p0pMbI «c BbICToeM». BeJIH'lHHa 3.('r-
3ara perY.1HpyeTcH c,'Je.n:YlOllI.I1M 06pa30M. OOBOpOTOM pery.1HTopa .'35,
3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha BaJIY, lllapHHp 27 pbl'laroB 28 H 34 MO}l{eT 3aHI1Mc.t rb
pa3JIH'lHble nOJIO}l{eHHH no BblCOTe, B pe3y.'JbTaTe 'lero lllapHl1p 29
3BeHa 26 6y.n:eT nepeMelllaTbcH no .n:yre C pa3JIHlJHbH1 HaKJIOHOM K HCr-
TIlKaJIH, a c,ae.n:OBaTeJlbHO, lllapHl1p 25 6y.n:eT I1MeTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO
pa3JIH'lHble nepeMellleHuH no rOpI130HTaJIH.
BpallleHHe OT 'BepxHero, r JIaBHOrO, BaJIa 3 HH}I{HeMY 39 nepe)I,aeTCfl
rH6KI1M 3y6lJaTblM peMHeM 38 C nepe.n:aT0'lHblM oTHollleHHeM] I
POTaUHoHHblii lJeJIHOK 60 nOJI)''laeT Bpalll.emle OT HH}I{HerO BaJIa 39
'lepe3 peMeHHYlo nepe.n.a'l) . (50, 54, peMeHb 51, i= 1 2) H napy KOHH'
'-IeCKI1X lllecTepeH 61, 62 (t = I I). 4eJIHOK TllTIa 22 KJI3'CCa C YBeJIIf'
'leHllblM pa..'lHYCOM HOCHKa 'leJIHOKa.
<?T IIH}I{HerO iBa.'1a 39 lJee3 peMeHHYIO nepe.n:a'lY (50, 52, peMeHb
51, l = 1 1), npOMe}l{p0'lHblH BaJIHK 53, Ha KOTOpOM KpenIlTCH 3/«('-
UeHTpHK 55, oXBaTbIBaeMblH .n:bIlllJIOM 56, nepe.n:aeTcH (lJepe3 3BeHO 57)
..'lBH}I{eHHe BaJIHKY 59 H 3aKpenJ1eHHoH H3 HeM 01'Bo.n:Ke 58.
BepTI1Ka.lbHoe - H npo.n:OJIbHoe nepeMelll.eHHe .n:BHraTeJIb MaTepHaJIa
63 nOJIYlJaeT COOTBeTCTBeHHO OT 3KcueHTpHKa no.n:'beMa 49 H 3KcueHT-
pHKa npo.n:BII}I{eHHH 48, 3aKpenJIeHHbIX Ha HH}I{HeM BaJIY 39.
MexaHH3:\lbI no.n.'beMa If npo.n:BH}I{eHHfl aHaJIOfHlJHbI MexaHH3MaM
MalllHHbl 862-ro KJIaC,ca.
OpH nepeMelll.eHHH PYKOflTKIf 40 BHH3 .n:o ynopa peHKa 6y.n:eT nepe-
Melll.aTb MaTepHaJI B 06paTHoM HanpaBJIeHlIH, T e. Ha pa60TalOllI.ero.
222
06paTHaH nOJ!.a'lC! OCYllI.eCTiB.'lHel'CH TaK}I{e Ha}l{aTHeM Ha HOjJ{llYIO ne-
.n:a.1b. lllar CTpOlJKH pery.'lUpyeTcH nOBopOTOM KOJIeCUKa 68 .n:o HY}l{HO-
ro .n:e.'leHHfI. OpH 3TOM 3y6'laToe KOJIeCO 69, nOBOpalJHBaHCb, nepeMe-
lUaCT 3BellO 70. 00cJ1eJ!.Hec, nOJ!.}I{aTOe cBoel1 HH}I{Hel1 n.10CKOCTblO
KpIIBo.'lHHeHHOro na3a K haJIbUY 71 (npYjJ{HHoi1), nepeMelllaHcb OTHO-
CIlTe.1bll0 3Toro naJIbua, 6YJ!.eT MeHHTb nO,'JOil,ellHe PYKOHTKH 40 no
BbICOTe, B pe3y.'lbTaTe lJero i\teHHeTCH yroJI KalJaHHfI 3BeHa 72, a 'C.'1e-
.n:OBaTe.lbHO, H Illar CTpOlJKH.
· J1anKa 15 KpemncH Ha cTepjJ{He 14, Ha KOTOpOM 3aKpen.'JeH XOMY-
THK 12 C HanpaB.'lmolllll1 na.'lbueM (or nOBopoTa) OOJ!.'beM JIanKH
oCYlllecTB.'1HeTCH BPYlJHYIO nOBopoTOM KYJIa'lKa 11, KOTOpblii nO.J.HlDla-
eT pa:\JK) 13 H lJepe3 naJIeu H XOMYTUK 12, a CJIe..'l.OBaTe.'1bHO, II .'1an-
KY 15.
OpH Ham:IIMe Ha Ko.'leHHblll pbllJar 24 lJepe3 THry 23 3"a.n:Hee H ne-
pe.'l,He KOpOMblc.'1a 5, 4 H 10, }l{eCTKO 3aKpen.1eHHblc Ha Ba.'lY 6, no-
BepH) TCH npOTlIB 'lacoBoll CTpeJIKH (CM. C £ppOlna Malllllllbl) Pal\fKa
13 npll 3TOM no.n:HHMeTCH BBepx, Ha.n:aBHT Ha XOMYTHK 12 H nO,iI,HHMeT
JIanKV
06pe3Ka HI1TOK, B l\IOl\leHT MaKCl1l\la.1JbHOrO paclllupeHHH neTJII1
BK.lI0'laeTCH 3.'leKTpOMarHI1T 46, KOTOpblii BTHrHBaeT pbl'lar 45. 00-
CJIe.n:HHII .n:aBI1T Ha pbl'lar 43, 3aKpenJIellHblli Ha BaJIIIKe 44, 11 nOBopa-
lJHBaeT ero. PO.'1HK pbl'lara 42 BXO.n:HT B na3 KYJIa'lKa 41 npu Bpalll.e-
HHH HHiI,Hero BaJIa 39 Ky.'1a'l0K 41 nepMelllaeT pbl'lar 42, a BMeCTe c
Hl!:\1 Ba.'1HK 44 H BU.'JKY 47 BJIeBO. THra 67 c0061llaeT Ka'laHue pbI'lary
66, H nO.J.BlDKHblii HO}l{ 65, .n:BHraHCb Bnepe.n: (BnpaBo), HOCHKOM BXO-
.n:IIT B neT.1JIO, npH 06paTHoM .n:BHjJ{eHI1H HO}l{ CBOHM 3y60M 3aXBaTbl-
BaeT HIIfKHlOIO HI1TKY H KOPOTKYlO BeTBb neTJIH, nOJ!.BO.J,HT HX K Heno.n:-
BHjJ{HO:\IY HO}l{)' 64 H 06pe3aeT I1X. XO.J. r JIa3Ka mnenpHTHfHBaTeJIH
63 M:\I, xo.n: HfJIbI 33 MM.

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1JEJ1H01JHbIE UJBEAHblE MAUJHHbl-nOJ1YABTOMATbl
), MaWHHa AnH npHWHBaHHH c1JYPHHTYPbI
H H3rOTOBneHHH 3aKpenOK
TIpHlllHBKa nyroBHI.{, KplO'lKOB, neT{nb H H3rOTOBneHHe 33KpenOK
npOH3BO.n:HTCH Ha MalllHHax-nonya'BToMaTaX, BblllOJIHHIOIlI.HX 3TH one-
paI.{HH 3a onpe.n:eneHiHoe lJHCJIO YKonOB HrnbI, nOCJIe lJero MalllHHa aB-
TOMaTIilJeCKH oCTaHaBnHBaeTCH npH BepXHeM nOJIO}l{eHHH Hr.'lbl.
UHKnHlJHOCTb pa60Tbl MalllHHbI 06eCnelJHBaeTCH .n:ononHHTenbHbIM
MexaHH3MOM aBTOMaTHlJeCKOTO BbIKJIIOaTenH H lJepBH'lHbIM pe.n:YKTO-
pOM, nepe.n:alOIlI.HM BpaIll.eHHe OT rJIaBlIoro BaJIa MallIHHbI pacnpe.n:e-
JIHTeJIbHOMY BaJIY C onpe.n:eJIeHHbIM nepe.n:aTOIfHbIM OTHOllle'HHeM.
06bIlJHO 3TH MalllHHbI pacnOJIaralOTCH <}JpOHTOM K pa60TalOIlI.eMY H
ynpaBnHIOTCH .n:BYMH ne.n:aJIHMH: o.n:Ha H3 HHX cnY}I{HT .n:JIH nYCKa Ma-
lllHHbl B pa60TY, BTopaSi .....:. JJ:JIH nO.ll.'beMa .n:ep}l{aTenH <}JypiHHTYPbl HJIH
JIanOK. B nOCJIe.n:Hee Bpe.MH no.n:'beM JIanOK B nonyaBToMaTax BbInOIl-
HHeTCH a'BTOMaTH'-IeCKH C nOMOIll.blO MarHHTa HJIH .n:PyrHx YCT po ik"pB , H
n03TOMY BTopaH ne.n:aJIb TaM -He HY}I{Ha. B npOI.{ecce CBoeH pa60TbI
MalllHlHbI BblllOJIHHIOT COOTBeT'CTBYIOIlI.He a'HHOH OnepaI.{HH 3Hf3aro-
06pa3HbIe CTpOlJ'KH.
2, MawHHa '.lI.nH npHwHBaHHH nyroBHI..{ 27-ro Knacca nM3
MallIHHa npe.n:Ha3Ha''-IaeTCH .lI.JIH npHllIHBKH n..'IOCKHX nyroBHI..{ C
.n:BYMH H lJeTblpbMH oT,BepcTHHMH 3a 21 YKOJI HrJIbI (pHC. 157, a, 6).
CxeMa MallIHHbI nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 157, a, a >cxeMa npHllIHBKH nyro-
BHI.{ - Ha pHC. 157, 6.
TIpH npHllIHBKe n)TOBHI.{ C 'leTbIpbH oTBepcTHHMH CTe}l{KII CTpOlJKH
pa,cnonaralOTCH BHalJaJIe :B nep'BOH nape oTBepcTHH OT l-ro .n:o 19-ro
YKona HrJIbI (CM. exeMY npHllIHBKH nyroBHI.{, pHC. 157, 6), npH 3TOM
nyroBlII.{a C MaTepHaJIOM Heno.n:BlI}l{HbI, a Hrna noolJepe.n:Ho nepeMf'-
IlI.aen:H OT o.n:Horo oTBepcTHH B nyroBlII.{e K .n:pyroMy.
TIocne W-ro YKona nyroBHI.{a C MaTepHaJIOM nepeMelllaeTcH Ha pa-
60TalO1lI.ero H CTe}l{KH CTpmn<:H pacnOJIaralOTCH BO BTOpOH nape OTBep-
CHill nyroBHI.{bl. TIoCJIe.n:Hlle T'PH YKOJIa .n:JIH 3apenneHHH 'CTpOlJKH Hr-
JIa .n:eJIaeT B npaBoe OTBepCHle. TIocne 21-ro YKona MallIHHa aBTOMa-
THlJeCKH OCTaHa'BJIlIBaeTCH, a nyroBHI.{a C MaTepHanOM nepe.n: OCTaHO-
BOM nepeMeIll.aeT'CH B H'CXO.ll.Hoe nOJIO}l{eHHe.
224
TIpII npHllIHBKe nyroBHI.{ C .n:BYMH oTBepcTHSlMH MY£PTa perynHTopa
23 MexaHH3Ma npo.n:onbHoro nepeMe1lI.eHHH nyroBHUbl YCTaHaBnHBaeT-
CH B na3Y npoHIB OCH Ka'laHHH Kyn , HCbI H TeM 'caMblM npo.n:onbHoe ne-
peMellleHIle HCKnlO'laeTCH.
MallIIIHa HMeeT cne.n:YI01lI.He OCHOBHbIe MexaHH3MbI: B03BpaTHo-no-
cTynaTenbHoro .lI.BH}I{eHHH nrnbI, 'lenHOKa, HHTenpHTSlrHBaTeJIH, none-
pe'lHOrO nepeMellleHHH Hr nbI, nepeMelllcHHH nyroBHI.{bI H MaTepHana,
3BTOMaTII'leCKOrO BbIKJIIOlJaTeJIH.
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PHC. 157. MalllHHa AnH npHIlIHBaHHH nyroBHI.I 27-ro Knacca nM3:
a-cxeMa MalIlHHbI: 6-cxeMa pacnOJIOmeHHII CTemKOB Ha nyroBIIl\aX
TIepBbIe TPH MexaHH3Ma aHanOrH'-IHbI MexaHH3MaM YHHBepca.'lbHOH
MalllIIHbI 22-A K..'IaCca.
MexaHH3M nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMell.{eHHH HrnbI, HrJIOBo.n:HTenb
1, Ha KOHl..{e KOToporo 3aKpenneHa HrJIa, nepeMe1lI.aeTcH -B paMKe 3,
Ka'lalO1lI.eHcH B .n:BYx I.{eHTpax 2 H 4, H BMeCTe C paMKoH nonY'laeT
nOnepelJHOe nepeMeIll.eHHe. PaMKa coe.n:HHeHa THrOH 6 C pbl'larOM 11
B OTBepCTlIe 10 BXO.n:HT nnaBalOlllHH naJIeI.{, KOTOpbIH H ncpe.n:aeT
.n:BH}KeHUe lJepe3 r na.n:KYIO llITIlIJIbKY pbI'lara 11
Ha HH}I{HeM KOHI.{e pbI'lara 8 raHKoII 7 3aKpenneHa B BepTHKaJIb-
HOM na3Y OCb po.'lHKa 9, KOTOpblH BXO.'l.HT B HapY}l{:HblH KonHpHbIii
na3 pacnpe.n:eJIHTenbHoro .n:HCKa 16, .D:HCK .n:BYMH BHIITaMH (Ha pHCYHKe
He nOKa3aHO) 3aKpenJIeH Ha Bany 14 'lepBHIfHoH llIecTepHlI 13, nony-
8 5W 2

'lalOll.leil BpameHHe OT 'lepBHKa 12, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO .n:BYMfl BHHTaMH Ha
rJIaBHOM BaJIY MalllIlHbI. Yep'BflK 0.n:H03axo.n:HbIii, 'lepBH'lHOe KOJIeCO
IlMeeT 42 3y6a II, CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, .n:eJIaeT O.n:IlH 060POT 3a 42 060poTa
rJIaBHOrO BaJIa MalllIlHbl. 3a 3TO BpeMfl npIIllUIBalOT-CH .n:Be nyroBIll.{bl.
Dpii BpameHIlII .n:nCKa 16 pOJIHK 9 Ka'laeT pbl'lar 8 H coe.n:IlHeHHblH
C HIlM pbl'lar 11. 4epe3 Tflry 63TH .n:BH}I{eHlIfl nepe.n:alOTCfl pa:\IKe 3
C Ilr JIOBo.n:IlTeJIeM H Hr JIoiL
Per Y JI H P 0 B a H HeM e x a H H 3 M a. B MexaHIl3Me nOnepe'lHOrO
nepeMemeHIlfl Hr JIbI perYJIIlpylOTCfl: 1) BeJIIl'lHHa nOnepe'lHoro nep'\le-
ll.leHHfl Hr JIbI; 2) nOJIO}l{eHIle Hr JIbl 01'HOCIlTeJIbHO oTBepcTHil nyroBHl.{bI;
3) MOMeHT nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMemeHIl51 Hr JIbl OTHOCHTeJIb!HO npo.il.OJIb-
HOro nepeMemeHHfl nyroBHI.{ H 4) MOMeHT nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMeIlleHlIfl
Hr JIbI OTHOClfTeJIbHO ee B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOrO .n:BIl}l{eHHfl.
BeJIH'lHHa nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMell.leHHfl IlrJIbI B 3aiBHCHMOCTIt OT pac-
CTOfliHllfl Me}l{.n:y oTBepCTH51MH nyroBHl.{bl perYJIHpyeTcfl nepe:\lell.leHHeM
rOJIOBKH TflrH 6 B na3Y E pbI'lara 11. L(JIfl YBeJIIl'leHllfl nOnepe'lHOrO
nepeMell.leHIl51 ro.l0BKY TflrH He06xo.n:Ill\10 3aKpenJIflTb .n:aJIblIle OT OCH
Ka'laHllfl pbI'lara 11, a .n:JIfl YMeHbllleHlIfl - 6JIH}I{e.
DOJIO}l{eHlle YKOJIOB Hr JILl OTHOCIlTeJIbHO OTBepCTlIH nyroBHl.{bI pe-
rYJIllpyeTC51 H3MeHeHlleM .n:JIHHbI TflrH 6. ECJIH TO'lKY YKOJIa HrJIbI He06-
XO)l.HMO CMeCTIlTb BJIeBO (QT pa60TaIOIllero), TO HY}l{HO OCJIa6IlTb !BIlHT
5 Il, YBeJIIl'lIlB .n:JIIlHY TflrH 6, 'BIlHT 3aKpenllTb. .D:JIfl CMell.leHllfl T04KlI
YKOJIa BnpaBo .n:JIlmy TflrH 6 He06xo.n:HMO YMeHblllHTb.
Ha'laJIo nonepe4Horo nepeMeIlleHIIfl Ilr JIbl OT 10-ro YKOJIa K 11-:\IY
!l.OJI}I{HO 6bITb 'cor JIaCOBaHO C Ha'laJIOM npo.n:OJIbHOrO nepeMell.leHllfl B
3TO BpeM51 nyroBHl.{bl C MaTepHaJIOM. 3TO .n:OCTIlraeTCfl nepeMeIlleHlleM
pOJIl1Ka 9 B BepTI1KaJIbHOM na3Y pbI'lara 8.
DOCKOJIbKY .n:HCK 16 Bpall.laeTCfl Ha pa60TalOll.lero, TO .n:JIfl TOro 'lTO-
6bI nOnepe'lHOe nepeMeIlleHlle HrJIbl Ha'lHHaJIOCb paHbllle, He06xo.n:HMO
oca6HTb raHKY 7 OCH pOJIHKa 9 H, nepMecnIB pOJIHK B.Bepx no na3Y,
raHKY 3aKpenHTb. .D:JIfl Toro 'lT06bl nonepe'-lHOe nepeMeIlleHHe Ilr JIbI
Ha'llIHaJIOCb n03}1{e, pOJIHK 9 He06xo.n:HMO 3aKpenHTb B na3Y HH}I{e,
Hr JIa .n:OJI}I{Ha HMeTb nOnepe'lHOe nepeMemeHHe (a nyroBlll.{a -
npo.n:OJIbHoe nepeMeIlleHlle) B TOT MOMeHT, Kor.n:a Hr JIa Bblii.n.eT II3 Ma-
TepHaJIa.
Cor JIa.COBaHHOCTb nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMeIlleHHfl HrJIbl C ee B03BpaT-
Ho-no:ynaTeJIbHbIM .n:BH}I{eHHeM .n:OCTIlraeTCfl COOTBeTC1'BYIOll.leil YCTa-
HOBKOH 4epBflKa Ha r JIaBHOM BaJIY MalIlH-HbI.
MexaHH3M .n:OHraTeJISI MaTepHaJIa. KaK YKa3bIBa.'lOCb paHee, Mexa-
HIl3M .I1.BIIraTeJIfl MaTepHa,TJa npII npHlIlHBKe nyroBIlI.{ C 'leTbIpblfl OT-
BepCTHflMH nepel\leIllaeT nyroBHUY C MaTepHaJIOI\l l\le}l{.n:y IO-M n 11-1\1
yKo.lal\lII, a nOCJIe OKOH'laHHfl npIllIlHBKH B03Bpall.laeT ee B Ilcxo.n:Hoe
nOJImKeHHe. lI.BH}I{eIlHe MexaHH3M nOJIY'laeT cJIe.n:YIOIllHM 06pa301\1.
OT BHYTpeHHero na3a .n:HCKa 16 .n:BHn<eHlle nepe.n:aeTcfl pOJIlIKV 15,
OCb KOToporo 3aKpenJIeHa railKoil Ha BepxHeM KOHl.{e B na3Y 17 PbI-
4ara 18. Pbl'lar H3rOTOBJIfleTCfl COBMeCTHO C OCblO 19 H KYJIII'CHbIM
na30M 20, B KOTOpOM HaXO)l.HTCfl BepTIIKaJIbHaH cToHKa 24. CToIIKa 3a-
npeccoBaHa B nJIaHKe 28 TpaHcnopTepa H coe.n:HHeIIa C KY.'lIICHbIM na-
30M KaMHeM 22, B ropH30HTaJIbHOe OTBepCTIle KOToporo BXO.n:IIT MYq,-
226
Ta 21 l\1yq,Ta 3aKpenJIeHa Ha cToHKe BlfHTOM 23. TaKHM 06pa30M, no-
BopOTHoe .n:BH}I{eHHe pbI'lara perYJI5ITopa 18 npe06pa30BbIBae'l'CH B
npo.n:o.lbIIoe nepeMell.leHHe nJIaHKH 28 TpaHcnopTepa. K nJIaHKe CHH3Y
KpenflTcH .n:Ba HanpaBJIHIOIllHX KaMHH 25 H 33, O.n:HH KpenHTcH lllap-
HHpHbI:\1 BIIHTOM npoTJtB CTOHKH 24, BTOpOH B cepe.n:HHe }l{eCTKO 3a-
KpenJIHeTCfl BHHTOM 39 H railKoH 40 (CM. Ce'leHHe no AA). KaMHH ne-
peMemalOTcH B .HanpaBJISIIOll.lHX na3ax nJIaTq,opMbl.
DyroBH'lHbIII annapaT CHJIbHOH npY}l{HHoH 29 npH}I{HMaeTCfl K nJIa-
cHHKe 38, 3KpenJIeHHOH Ha nJIaHKe 28. .D:Ba 6CKOBblX 3a}KHMa 35 H
31 H Cpe!IHHH ynop 36 'ClIJIOH npY}KHHbl 34 3a}l{HMaeT 'nyroBHuv, B.'lO-
n<eHHYIO :\Ie}l{.n:y HHMH. J
DplI H3:\leHeHIlH .n:HaMeTpa nyroBHI.{LI He06xolUIMO oTperYJIllpOBaTb
pac'CToHHlIe Me}l{.n:y 3a}l{HMaMH. PerYJIllpOBKa npOH3BOJI,HTCfl pbI'larOM
32, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM BHHTOM 31 .D:ep}l{aTeJIb nyroBIII.{ TflrOH 30 coe.n:H-
HeH C pbI4aroM no.n:'beMa, KOTOpbIH, B CBOIO O'lepe,n:b, coe.n:HHeH l.{enblO
C ne1I.a.lbIO no.n:'beMa nyroBH4Horo annapaTa.
Per Y JI H P 0 B a H HeMe  a H H 3 :\1 a . BeJIH'lHHa npo.n:o.TJbHoro
nepeMeIlleHHfl nyrOBHl.{bl .n:OJI}I{Ha 6bITb TO'lHO COrJIa-COBaHa C paCCTOfl-
HIfeM Me}l{!l.y QTBepCTHflMIl B Hell. PerYJIHpOBaHlle npOH3Bo.n:HTCfl nepe-
MeIlleHlleM Myq,TbI 21 C KaMHeM 22 B na3Y 20 pbl'lara 18. .D:JIfl YBeJIH-
'leHIlH npo.n:OJIblIOrO nepeMeIlleHIlH Myq,TY 21 He06xo!l.IlMO onycTIlTb
BHH3 II 3aKpemlTb BHHTOM 23. .D:JIfl YMeHbIlIeIUlH nepeMeIlleHHSI Myq,TY
"Y}KHO nepeMecTHTb BBepx no na3Y 20.
DpH npHlIlHBKe nyroBHl.{bI C .n:BYMfl oTBepcTHHMH Myq,TY Ha.n:o 3a-
KpenHTb npOTIIB OCII 19 Ka'laHHfl pbI'lara.
DOJImKeHlle OKHa .n:JIfl npoxo.n:a Hr.'lbI B nJIaCTIlHKe 38 H nO.IIQ}I{e-
Hile 3a}l{HMOB nyroBIll.{bl OTHOCHTeJIbHO HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTIlHbI perYJIlI-
PYIOTCfl nepeMeIlleHlleM OCH pOJIHKa 15 B na3Y 17 pbI'lara 18. DpH ne-
peMeIlleHlIH OCH pOJIHKa Ha pa60TalOIllero nJIaHKa 28 TpaHcnopTepa C
.n:ep}J{aTeJIeM nyroBHl.{bI nepeMeCTHTCH TO}l{e Ha pa60TalOIllero H Ha-
060POT .D:JIfl perYJIHpOBaHHSI He06xo.n:HMO OCJIa6HTb raHKY OCH POJIH-
Ka 15.II nepeMecTIITb OCb B COOTBeTCTBYIOIlleM HanpaBJIeHHH B na3Y
17. fauKY nOCJIe perYJIllpOBKH He06xo.n:IIMO 32KpenHTb.
!l0.T!O}I{eHlle 3a}l{IIMOB .n:ep}l{aTeJIfl nyroBIlI.{ (HJIH nOJIO}l{eHHe oTBep-
CTIIll nyroBHl.{bl) QTHOCHTeJIbHO OKHa nJIaCTHHbI 38 B.n:O.'lb nJIaHKIl 28
TpaHcnopTepa (Ha pa60TalOll.lerO IlJIlI OT Hero) npOH3Bo.n:HTCH cMeIlle-
HHeM .n:ep}KaTeJIH nyroBIlI.{; .n:JIfl 3Toro lIe06XO!l.IlMO OCJIa6IlTb 60JIT 27
n..laCTlIHbl 26 H nepel\1eCTIlTb nJIaCTIfHY BMeCTe -c .n:ep}l{aTeJIeM nyroBIlI.{
B HY}l{HOM HanpaBJIeHllII (npe.n:BapIlTeJIbHO YMeHblllnB .n:aBJICHHe npy-
}l{IIHbI 29) Il nOCJIe perYJIHpOBKH 60JIT 27 3aKpenllTb. PerYJIIlpOBKa 3a-
}l{HMOB .n:ep}l{aTeJIfl nyroBlIl.{ H nOJIO}l{ellilfl OKHa .n:JIfl npoxo.n:a HrJlbI B
nJIaCTlme 38 B nonepetIHoM OTHOlIleHlIII npOIBBo.n:IlTCfl nlell.leIIIleM
n.'laHKU 28 TpaHcnopTepa BMeCTe C .n:ep}l{aTeJIeM nyroBIlI.{ BnpaBo H
BJleBO OTHOClITeJIbHO 3a.n:Hero cyxapfl, pacnOJIO}l{eHHOrO npOTIIB -CTOHKH
24. .D:JI!I perYJIIlpOBaHHH He06xO..'l.IlMO oc.TJa6IlTb raHKY 40 ('1epe3 OKHO
C ,TJeBOH CTOpOHbl nJIaTq,opMbI, CM. Ce'leHHe AA), OCB060.n:HTb Kpen.'le-
He cyxapfl 33 H 3a C'IeT 3a30pa Me}K.n:y BIlHTOM 39 II oTBep'CTlleM B
qxape nepeMecTHT nJIaHKy 28 TpaHcnopTepa BJIeBO HJIH BnpaBo. Doc-
JIe perYJIllpOBKH ranKY 40 He06xo.n:HMO 3aKpenllTb. PaccToHHHe Me}l{.n:y
8*
227

3a}KIIM8MII 85 II ,17 no cooTBeTcTBYlolLleMY .ZI.b8MeTpy nyroBlIlI.bI pery-
JIlipyeTcH ncpcMclLlCHHCM pbllJara 32 B.n:OJIb OCH nJl8npOp:\1bl. ,LlJlH pe-
rYJIHpOBKII Hc06xo.ZI.IIMO OCJla6HTb BHIIT 31 H, YCTaHoBIfB 3a}l{II:\Ib! Ha
He06xo.n:IfMOM paCCToHHIfIf, BIfHT 3aKpenIfTb.
MeXaHI13M aBTOMaTl1lJeCKOrO BblKJllOlJeHI1H MaUJI1HbI 27-ro KJIaCCa
nM3. OocJIe npl1l11HBaHIiH nyroBIfll.bI MexaHH3M aBTOMaTll1leCKOro BbI-
KJIlOlJeHHH oCT8HaBJIHBaeT'MalllIfHY B TOT MOl\leHT, Kor.n:a IfrJIa II yiuKO
pbllJara HIfTenpIfTHrHBaTeJlJ.I 3aHIfMalOT BepXHee nOJIO}l{eHI!e. l\lexa-
HIf3M YCTpoeH H pa60TaeT CJIe.n:YIOIl1.IfI\l 06pa30M (pIfC. 158)
IJ
15
14
PHC. 158. MexaHH3M aBTOMaTH'IeCKOrO BbIKnlO'IeHHH Mall/H-
Hbl 27-ro Knacca nM3
C3a.n:II K PYKaBY MaWIfHbI npIfKpenJIeH KpoHlllTelm 20, C HIf:\1 .n:BYMH
ll.eHTpOBbIIf BIfHTaMIf C rai'IKaMIf lllapHIfpHo coe.n:IfHeHa paMKa 8, BIIYT-
pI! KOTOpOH B HanpaBJIHIOIl1.HX BLlcTynax npoxo.n:HT CTep}l{eHb 9 B
Hlf)I{HIflI HanpaBJIHIOIllHii BbIcTyn BBepHYT perYJIHpOBOlJHbIlI BI!HT 22.
BHHT no.n:}I{HMaeT npY}I{IfHY 21, KOTopaH .n:aBHT Ha HanpaB.1HIOIl1.YIO
nJIaHKY, 3aKpenJIeHHYIO 60JITOM Ha CTep}l{He 9, H cTpeMHTcH 3TOT cTep-
)KeHb BbITOJIKHYTb BBepx. BbIXO.n: cTepLKHH I13 paMKII 8 OrpaHHlJIfBa-
eTCH HanpaBJIHIOllleH nJIaHKOlI. M.eLK.n:y KopnYCOM MaWHHbI I! pa:\1KOlr
nO:\1eIl1.eHa npY}I{HHa 7, KOTopaH cTpe:vmTcH npn6mI3I1Tb CTep}l{eHb 9
K KYJIalJKY 11 H BbIKJIlOlJIITb MRlllIfHY. Bo BpeMH pa60TbI MallIHHbI co-
6alJKa.3, 3aKpenJIeHHaH lllapHllpHbIM BIIHTOM 4 Ha KpoHIlITeHHe 5, npy-
}l{HHOH 6 nOCTOHHHO no.n:}KIIMaeTCH K paMKe If y.n:ep}l{I1BaeT ee B pa60-
lJe:Vl nOJIO}l{eHlIH.
nOcJIe 20-ro YKOJIa I1rJIbI KYJIalJOK 2, 3aKpenJIeHHbIH Ha pacnpe.n:e-
.'lIlTeJIbHOM .lI:llCKe 1 (Ha .n:I1CKe 3aKpen.l.leHO .n:Ba KYJIalJKa), nOBOpalJIf-
228
.
I
BaCT ,c06a41<y npOTl1B lJacoBoii CTpCJIKH (eCJIH CMOTpeTb cnepxy), 11.
paMKa no.ZI. .ZI.ei'lcTBlieM npY}KIIHbl 7 nOBOpalJI!BaeTCH; cTcpLKeHb 9 nepe-
Meli.laeTCH K KYJIalJKY 11 KOHell. CTepLKIIH Haxo.n:If'l'CH Bblllle .n:Ha na3a
13 KYJIalJKa, n03ToMY CTep}l{eHb nOna.ZI.aeT BHalJaJIe Ha 'CnHpaJIbHYlo
nOBepxHocTb 10 KYJIalJKa, KOTopaH npn ero nOBopoTe .n:aBIfT Ha cTep-
}l{eHb H npoIl3Bo.n:IfT TopMoLKeHHe MalllIfHbI. Top MO}l{eHIIe MalllIfHbl
6y.n: eT 3aBHceTb OT i::IIJIbl C}I{aTIfH npY}I{i-IHbl 21 BIiHTOM 22.
OpH .n:aJIbHeHllleM nOBopoTe KYJIalJ Ka KOHell. cTepLKHH 9 C Bbl-CTY-
na 16 no.n: .n:ellcTBIIeM npY}I{IfHbl 21 3aCKaKlIBaeT B na3 13 KYJIalJKa.
KYJIalJOK cB060.n:HO nocaLKeH Ha BTYJIKe pa60lJero lllKIIBa H naJIbll.eM 12
BXO.n:IfT lJepe3 OKHO BHYTPb pa60lJero IlIKIIBa 14, r.n:e Ha Hero .n:aBIIT
CIIJIbHaH CnIlpaJIbHaH npY}I{IfHa. Bo BpeMH OCTaHOBa MaWIUlbI npY}I{HHa
CMHrlJaeT Y..'l.ap (BHYTPH lllKHBa nOMelllelIbI .n:Be npY}I{IfHbl)
Pa60lJlIH lllKIIB 14 MalllIfHbI 3aKpenJIeH Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHll.e rJIa'BHOro
BaJIa KOHIflJeCKIIM WTIf<pTO:\1. C3a.n:I1 pa60'-lero IlIKHBa Ha fJlaBHO:\1 BaJIY
Ha .n:BYx no.n:lllIIllHHI<ax nOCaLKeI-I XOJIOCTOlI lllKIIB 15.
BpaIl1.eHHe OT 3JIeKTpo.n:BllraTeJIH lJepe3 peMeHb nepe.n:aeTcH XOJIOC-
TOMY WKHBY }1JIH BKJIlOlJeHIIH MalllIfHbI B pa60TY Heo6xo.n:IU.W Ha}l{aTb
Ha ne.n:aJIb, KOTopaH ll.enbIO 19 nOBOpa'-lIIBaeT pbIlJar BKJIlOlJeHIIH 18.
Pb!lJar, B CBOIO OlJepe.n:b, nOBOpalJIfBaeT paMKY 8. CTep}KeHb OCTaHOBa
OTXO.n:I1T OT na3a 13 KYJIalJKa 11, a OTBo.n:Ka peMHH 17, 3aKpenJIeHHaH
Ha paMKe 8, nepeBo.n:IfT peMeHb C XOJIOCTOro lllKHBa Ha pa60lJIIII.
Per Y JI II P 0 B K a Me x a H If 3 M a. CIIJIa .n:aBJIeHIIH CTep}l{HH Ha
KYJIalJOK OCTaHOBa perYJIIfpyeTCH BIIHTOM 22. .D:JIH YBeJIHlJeHIfH ,CIIJlbI
.n:aBJIeHIIH npY}I{UHbl BIIHT He06xo.n:HMO BBIIHlJIIBaTb, .n:.'lH YMeHbllleHIIH-
Bbl'BIIH'-IIfBaTb.
nOJIO}l{eHIIe peMHH Ha lllKIIBax perymlpyeTcH nepeMeIl1.eHHeM OT-
BO.n:KI! 17
I
3, 3aKpenOlJHaSi MaUJI1Ha 220-M KJIaCCa 03JIM
M.alllIlHa np e .n:I-Ia3HalJeHa .n:JIH H3rOrOBJIeHUH 3aKpenoK Ha TKaHHX
naJIbTOBOH II KOCTIOMHOii rpynnbI (.n:pana, cYKHa II Tn.) npIl WIfTbe
BepXHeH o.n:eLK.n:bI. lJ'ylalllllHa, cxeMa KOTapOll nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 159,
HMeeT ll.eHTpaJIbHO-lllnYJIbHbIII KalJaloIl1.HIICH lJeJIHOK 15, nOJIYlJalOIl1.HII
.n:BII}I{eI1e OT KOJIe.Ha fJIaBHOrO BaJIa 3 lJepe3 .n:bIIlIJIO (lllaTYH) 18, KY-
JIIICHbIH KalJalOIl1.IIHCH Ba.'l 12, pbIlJar (KOpOMbICJIO) 13 II BaJI 14 .c 3a-
KpenJIeHHblM Ha ero KOHll.e .n:BHraTeJIeM 'leJIHOKa.
Ha nee.n:HeM KOHll.e r JIaBHOrO BaJI3 YCTaHOBJIeH KpIlBOllItfn 2, co-
06Il1.aIOIl1.I111 .n:'BII}I{eHIfe MexaHII3MY IIr JIOBo.n:UTeJIH H HIITenpIfTHfHBaTe-
JIH 1, Ha 3a.n:HeM KOHll.e BaJIa Ci\IOHTIIpOBaHbI pa60'-lIlH 7 II XO.'10CTOH 8
lllKIIBbl.
3a}l{I1MHOH annapaT 17 I13BeCTHoro nIlla npIfBo.n:H'I'CH B .n:BII}I{eHHe
B IlBYX HanpaBJIeHIIHX OT KonIlpHoro .n:HCKa 4, nOJIYlJaIOIl1.ero BpaIl1.e-
Hue OT lJepBHllHoro pe.n:YKTopa, COCTOHlllero H3 lJepBHKa 5 (Ha rJIaB-
HOM BaJIY) H lJepBHlJHoi'j llIe'CTepHII 6 (lla .BaJIY KonIfpHoro .n:HcKa)
Ha 3a.n:HeM TOpll.e PYKaBa YKpenJIeH MexaHII3M 9 .n:JIH aBTOMaTIIlJe-
CKoro OCTaHOBa l\Ialll_HHbl nOCJIe OKOHlJaHHH ll.IIKJIa o6pa30BaHI!H 3a-
KpenKH II npIlBe.n:eHIIH pa60lJHX MexaHII3MOB MalllIfHbI B HCXO..'l.Hoe no-
JIO}l{eHHe.
229

MallHfHa cHa6>KCHa HO>KeBbIM YCTPOHCTBOM .n:JIH 06pe3KH BepXHeH
H HJI>KHeii HJlTOK.
HO}\{H 16 CMOHTupoBaHbl Ha HH}\{HeH nJIOCKOCTII IfroJIbHOii nJIaCTHH-
KH H no.'IYlJaIOT .n:BH>KeHlfe OT KonHpHoro .n:HCKa lJepe3 pbIlJar 10 C KY-
JIHCHbIM KaMHeM H THry (nJIaHKY) 11 C peHKoll, CuenJIHlOlll.yIOcH C 3y6-
lJaTblM ceKTopoM I1O}l{a.
.,
PHC. 159. CxeMa 3aKpenO'lHOii Mall/HHbl 220-ro Knacca
YnpaBJIeHHe MallHlHoH npOH3BO..'l.HTCH OT ,lI;BYX ne.n:aJIeii: O.n:Ha H3
HHX npe.n:Ha3Ha'-leIla .n:JIH no.n:'beMa I1a}l{HMHOH JIanKH H npo.n:BH}\{eHHH
HQ}Ka B nOJIO}\{eHHe 06pe3KH HHTOK; BTOpaH - ,nJIH nycKa MallHlHbI.'
MexaHH3M 06pe3KH HHTOK, MexaHII3M 06pe3KH BepxHei'f If HH}\{Hei'1
HHTOK nOKa3aH Ha pHC. 160. B MallHlHe 220-1\'1. KJIa'CCa HHTKH o6pe3a-
IOTCH O.n:HHM HO}\{OM 2 C .n:BYMH pe}\{YlllHMH KpoMKaMH (B MallHlHe 220-
ro KJIaCCa HIITKH 06pe3aIOTcH .n:B)'MH HO}\{aMH. Ha MalllHHbI npe}l{HerO
BbmycKa 'BMeCTO .n:BYx <lIO}\{eif MO}\{HO CTaBHTb O.n:HH HO)\{ HOBOH KOH-
CTPYKU 1fH ) .
HO}l{ 2 BHHTOM 3 3aKpenJIeH B .n:ep}l{aBKe 1 HO}\{a, C'B060.n:HO CU.n:H-
llI.eH Ha OCH 4 KpoHlllTeiiHa 5, npIIKpenJIeHHOrO O.n:HHM BHHTOM 17 K
HH>KHeff nOBepXHOCTH HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbl (pnc. 160, a). .D:ep}\{aBKa 1
HQ}Ka }\{eCTKO 'coe.n:HlleHa C 3y6'laTbIM ceKTopOM 18, KOTOpbIH Haxo.n:HT-
CH B nOCTOHHHOM 3auenJIeHlfH C peHKolf 6 THrH 7 Ho}\{ nOJIY'laeT .n:BH-
}l{eHHe OT BHYTpeHHero na3a 19, KonHpHoro .n:HCKa 8 'lepe3 pOJII:lK 10,
KOpOMbICJIO 9 H ynoMSlHYTYIO THry 'C 3y6lJaT01I pei'IKoH. .D:HCK 8 nOJIY'
lJaeT Bpalll.eHHe no '-IaCOBOH 'CTpeJIKC.
Opouecc 06pe3KH HHTOK nOKa3aH Ha pHC. 160, 6, B, z, 8, e, %:.
230
1{
Ha pHC, 160, B nOKa3aH HO}\{ 2 (OTHoCHTeJIbHO OCH Hr.lbl) B HC-
XOJiHOM nOJIO}l{eHlIH. B MOMeHT nOCJIe.n:Hero YKOJIa HrJIbl (nepe.n: BbI-
KJIIO'leHHeM MaWHHbl) K pOJIHKY 10 nO,il,Xo.n:HT BbIeMKa I KonHpHoro na-
3a 19 (CM. pHC. 160, 6) H CMelll.aeT pOJIHK 10 BnpaBo (CM. pHC. 163, a) ,
pbI'lar 9 nOBOpa'lHBaeTCH no lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKe, THra 7 nepeMelll.aeTcH
I,

IlJ
13
2 I "
J;
ilj
e)
ZJ
PHC. 160. MexaHH3111 o6pe3KH HHTOK
'9
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/

17
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HeRa

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I/f)
BJIeBO, a peHKa 6 nOBOpa'lHBaeT 3y6'laTbIH ceKTop 18 H BMeCTe C HHM
HO}\{ no lJB-COBOH CTpeJIKe. 4eJIHOK MaKCHMaJIbHO pacwHpHeT neTJIIO
BepxHeH HHTKH, H B :ny neTJIIO BXO.n:HT HOCHK HO}\{a (CM. pHC. 160, z).
OpH 3TOM HH}I{HSIH HHTKa OTBO.n:HTCH 60KoBolf KpOMKOH HOiKa B CTO-
POllY Ooc.lIe 3Toro neTJIH BepxHeii HHTKH BbIBO.n:HTCH HHTenpIfTHm-
BaTeJIeM H3 'leJIHOKa, H B MOMeHT BbIKJIIO'leHHH MaWHHbl neT.1H Bepx-
HeH HHTKH OCTaeTCH Ha HOCHKe HO}l{a, a HH}I{HHH HHTb - Ha 60KOBOi'1
I<poMKe (pHC. 160,8)
B nepHO.n: BbIKJIlO'leHHH MaWHHbI K pOJIHKY 10 no.n:xo.n:HT r.'Iy60KaH
BbIeMKa II KonHpHoro na3a 19 (CM. pHC. 160,6).
231

npH lIa}l{HMe Ha ne.n:aJIb .n:JIH nO.n:'beMa JIanOK 3a.n:Hee nJIe'lO 13 PbI-
'lara 12 onycKaeTcH BHH3 H 'lepe3 'Coe.zUIIUlTeJIbHOe 3BeHO 11 nOBopa-
(1H:BaeT KOpOMbJ.CJIO 9 OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH 14 no '1aCOBOH CTpeJIKe. POJIHK
10 BXO.!l.HT B BbleMKY I I KonHpHoro na3a. THra 7 nepeMeruaeTcH BJIeBO
B.n:OJIb OCIf nJIaTq,opMbI H .n:onOJIHllTeJIbIIO nOBOpa'lHBaeT HO}l{ no '1aco-
Boil CTpeJIKe. OpH 3TOM HO}l{ pe}l{yrueH KpOMKOII 16 06pe3aeT KOPOTKYIO
BeTBb K neTJIH BepxHeH HHTKH, a pe}l{YllI.elI KpOMKOH 15 06pe3aeT
HII}I{HIOIO HHTKY rOpH30HTaJIbHblH KplO'IOK 20 HmKa y.n:ep}l{HBaeT neTJIIO
Ha pe}l{yruel:l KpoMKe 16 H cnoc06cTByeT 06pe3KeBepxHeH HHTKH. 00-
JIO}l{eHHe HO}l{a B KOHI.{e npoI.{ecca 06pe3KH nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 160, e.
Kor.n:a ne.n:aJIb onYllleHa, npY}l{HHa MexaHH3Ma no.n:'be JIam1K (Ha
pHCYHKe He nOKa3aHO) nepeMeCTHT 3a.n:Hee nJIe'lO pbI'Iara 12 BBepx, a
THry 7 BnpaBo. POJIHK 10 nepeMecTHT'cH BJIeBO H BbIH.n:eT H3 BbIeMKH I I
KonHpHoro na3a. HO}l{ oToH.n:eT B nOJImKeHHe, nOKa3aHHoe Ha
pHC. 160, a. OpH ny.CKe MalllHHbI B pa60TY .n:JIH H3roTOBJIeHHH CJIe.n:ylO-
rueH neTJIH K pOJIHKY 10 no.n:oll.ll:eT BbIeMKa III, OTBe.n:eT ero BJIeBO.
OpH 3TOM THra 7 nepeMeCTH1'CH BnpaBo, a HO}l{ oToH.n:eT B Hcxo.n:Hoe
nOJIO}l{eHHe. OpH nepBOM YKOJIe HrJIa .n:OJI}I{Ha npoxo.n:HTb Me}l{.n:y 60-
KOBOiI H pe}l{yrueH KpoMKaMIf HO}l{a, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 160, .
4, neTeJIbHaSi MaUJHHa 25-A KJIaCCa nM3
OeTeJIbHaH MalllHHa 25-A KJI80CCa OM3, cxeMa KOTOpoii nOKa3aHa
Ha pHC. 161, npe.n:Ha3Ha'-leHa .nJIH H3rOTOBJI6HHH neTeJIb Ha 6eJIbe. Tex-
HH'IeCKaH xapaKTepHcTHKa MalllHHbI npHBe.n:eHa B npHJIO}l{eHlIH.
CxeMa neTJIH, H3rOTOBJIHeMOH MalllHHoH, nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 162.
113roToBJIeHHe neTJIH nponcxo.n:HT B CJIe.!l.YlOllleM nopH.n:Ke.
1 BHa'laJIe MalllHHa npoH3Bo.n:HT 06MeTKY JIeBOH KpOMKH (CM.
pIfC. 162, I). MaTepHaJI nepeMelllaeTcH Bnepe.n: Ha pa60TalOruero. I1rJIa
cOBeplllaeT .n:Ba .n:BIf}l{eHHH: B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOe BBepx H I3HH3
H nOnepe'lHOe OTKJIOHeHHe, nepneH.n:HKYJIHpHOe K HanpaBJIeHHIO no.n:allH
TKaHH. B pe3YJIbTaTe npo.n:OJIbHoro nepeMerueHHH TKaHH H nOnepe'lHOrO
OTKJIOHeHHH HrJIbI Ha TKaHH 06pa3yeTcH 3Hr3aro06pa3HaH CTpO'lKa.
Opo.n:BH}I{eHHe MaTepHaJIa npoHcXo!l.HT TOJI'lKaMH - O.n:HO nepeMe-
rueHHe 3a .n:Ba YKOJIa HrJIbI (npH nepe:werueHHH HrJIbI OT JIeBOrO YKOJIa
K npaBoMY).
2. B KOHI.{e 06MeTKH JIeBOH KpOMKH neTJIH Ka'lalOruaHCSI paMKa Hr-
JIOBo.n:IfTeJIH, nocpe.n:cTBoM KOTOpOH H ocyruecTBJIHeTCH nOnepe'lHOe OT-
KJIOHeHHe HrJIbI, nOJIY'laeT cMerueHHe BnpaBo .n:JIH 06MeTKH npaBoII
KpOMKH neTJIH. O.n:HoBpeMeHHo yneJIH'IHnaeTcH pa3Max nOnepe'lHOrO OT-
KJIOHeHHH paMKH .n:JIH H3rOTOBJIeHHH nepBoH (3a.n:HeH) 3aKpenKH (CM.
pHC. 162, II) Opll H3rOTOBJIeIUllI nepBoii 3aKpenKlI no.n:a'la MaTepHaJIa
npoHcxo.n:HT B 06paTHoM HanpaBJIeHIfH, T. e. OT pa60TaIOruero.
3. OocJIe H3rOTOBJIeHHH 3aKpenKH pa3Max OTKJIOHeHlIH Ka'laIorueH-
CH pa:\-IKH Hr JIOBo.n:HTeJIH YMeHblllaeTcH .n:o TOil BeJIH'IlIHbI, KOTopaH CO-
OTBeTCTBOBaJIa 06MeTKe JIeBoil KpOMKH. OpOHCXO.n:HT 06MeTKa npaBOII
KpO:WKH (CM. pHC. 162, III). PaccToHHHe Me}l{.n:y Kpo:\IKaMH c.
4. B KOHI.{e 06MeTKlI npaBoil KpOMKH Ka'laIOruaHCH paMKa HrJIOBO-
J.{HTeJIH BMeCTe C HrJIOH BTOpH'-IHO nOJIY'laeT YBeJIH'IeHHOe nOnepe'lHOe
232
.
OTKJIOHeHHe, H npOHcxo.n:HT H3rOTOBJIe-HHe nTopoii (nepeAHel:l) 3al<pen-
KIf (CM. pHC. 162, IV)
5. 3a HeCKOJIbKO 060pOTOB nepe.n: OCTaHOBOM MalllHHbI .n:JIH YMeHb-
llleHHH y.n:apa B 3BeHbHX MexaHH3MOB MalllHHa nepeBo.n:HTcH Ha nOHH-
'
H'/;/7::---..  · r \
f T/"tt!  - 'l'.\ 'c.. )'J
 !.o\".-' \L":' __J:;'>-  A--// 
'I v. \,;,   iJ -.; .17 --e ..
4tg':  1 1
, w- r , l; l  ':_, , ij   't' l
. j r n (t?.......... - I -- r=r " ,
""..:., 'f' ' 1 '
I   - .. -_ -;c 
<'  I ;t.
f _ tL;    , _ < /
'/"i --;,n\ -,  _____ ,..... r
:{   _.-. y- k}J
. V -::J'j?" 
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6..;
PHe. 161. CxeMa nereJJbHoii Malll"Hbl 25-m Knaeea nM3
}l{eHHOe 'lHCJIO 060POTOB, nOCJIe 'lero BKJIIO'laeTCH MexaHH3M npopy6a-
HHH TKaHH. TKaHb npopy6ael'CH HO}l{OM nOCepe.ll:liHe MC>K.ny npaBOH Ii
JIeBOH KpOl\lKaMH neTJIH.
6. OocJIe H3rOTOBJIeHHH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH Ka'lalO-
lllaHCH paMKa I1rJIOBo.n:HTeJIH CMelll.aeTCH BJIeBO. Hr-
JIa pacnOJIaraeTCH nocepe.n:HHe neTJIIf H .n:eJIaeT 3-
4 YKOJIa (CM. pHC. 162, V) .n:JIH 3aKpenJIeHHH CTpO'l-
KH, nOCJIe '1ero MalllHHa aBTOMaTH'leCKH BbIKJIIO-
'laeTCH.
7 OpH no.n:'beMe .n:BHraTeJIH TKaHII npoH3Bo.n:HTCH
06pe3Ka KaK HH}I{HeH, T3K H BepxHeH HHTKH. OpoI.{ecc
If3rOTOBJIeHHH neTJIH 3aKaH'IHBaeTCH 3a O.n:HH 060POT
pacnp e .n:e.1IfTeJIbHOrO BaJIa (BaJIa MeX3HlI3Ma no.n:a'lll
ThaHl:l)
00 xapaKTep}
KJIaCCa HBHeTCH
CJIO}l{HbIH npouecc
aBTOMaTI:I'leCKl:l.
LLJIH BbInOJIHeHHH Bcex YKa3aHHbIx BbIllle q,YHKUIlH
MalllHHa HMeeT C.lJe.n:YIOruHe OCHOBHbIe MeXaH1:l3MbI:
MeXaH1:l3M HrJIbI; '1eJIHOKa, HHTenpl:lTHrIfBaTeJIH;
1
.
1
.I
pa601bI neTeJIbHaH Mallll:lHa 25-A
nOJIyaBToMaToM, TaK KaK BeCb
1:13rOTOBJIeHIIH neT JIll npOllcxo.n:IIT
1I
Ii
m.
IUN
y
Pile. 162.
CxeMa "3-
rOToBneHHH
fiCTnH
233

no.n:alJlI TKaHli; npopy6aHuH TKaHli; BKIOlJeHHSI H OCTaHOBa MalllHHbI;
06pe3KH BepXHell HliTU; 06pe3KH HH}KHeH HHTII.
.lI.JlH HOpMaJlbHOH pa60TbI MalllHHbI BCe 3TH MeXaHH3MbI .n:OJDKIIbI
pa60TaTb B CTpOrOM B3amvlO.n:eHCTBlUl. HaH60Jlee CJIO}/{HbIM HBJIHeTCH
MeXaHli3:vI HrJIbI; paCCMOTpHM ero YCTPOIICTBO.
B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJIbHOe .n:BH}/{eHHe, nonepelIHoe nepeMellleHHe,
CMellleHHe .n:JIH 06MeTbIBaHHSI KpOMOK neTJIH II 3aKpenJIeHHH KOHI.{a
CTpOlJKH IIr JIa nOJIYlJaeT OT COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHX MexaHH3MOB.
MexaHII3M B03BpaTHo-nOCT)'naTeJIbHOrO .n:BH}/{eHIiH IIrJIbI YCTpoeH
aHaJIOrHlJHO MexaHH3MY MalllHHbI 22-A KJIa.cca, n03TOMY YCTPOIICTBO
ero paCCMaTpHBaTb He 6y.n:eM.
MexaHH3M KalJaHHH paMKH Hr JIOBO;J.HTeJIH BbmOJIHHeT CJIe.n:YIOlilHe
IPYjIKLUUI: co06111aeT nonepellHoe nepe!\1ellleHHe HrJIe npH 06MeTKe JIe-
BOH KpOMKH neTJIH; .cMelilaeT Ka'-laHHe paMKH HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH BnpaBO
.n:JIH 06MeTbIBaHHH npaBOH KpOMKH neTJIH; YBeJIHlJHBaeT pa3Max KOJIe-
6aHHH paMK1I HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH npH 06MeTKe nepBOH (3a.n:HeH) 3aKpen-
KH; .n:aeT TaKOH }/{e 3Hr3ar npH 06MeTKe npaBOH KpOMKH neTJIH; YBe-
JIH'UlBaeT pa3Max KOJIe6aHHH HrJIOBo.u.ilTeJIH npH 06MeTKe BTOpOH
(nepe.u. HeH ) 3aKpenKH; nOCJIe H3rOTOBJIeHHH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH CMellla-
eT KalJaHHe paMKH HrJIOBo.u.JITeJIH BnpaBO, Ha cepe.n:JIHY neTJIJI, .n:JIH 3a-
KpenJIeHHH CTpOlJKJI.
Y3eJI KalJaHHSI paMKH JIrJIOBo.n:JITeJIH COCTOJIT JI3 Tpex MeXaHJI3MOB:
MexaHH3Ma nOnepelJHOrO nepeMellleHJIH HrJIbI; MeXaHJI3Ma 60KOBoro
cMelileHIIH JIrJIbI JI MeXaHJI3Ma 3aKpenOK.
MexaHH3M nOnepelJHOrO nepeMeU.{eHHSI (pJIc. 163) MHor03BeHHbIlf,
lllapHJIpHbIii. CBoe .n:BJI}/{eHJIe 01'1 nOJIYlJaeT OT KYJIalJKa 3, 3aKpenJIeH-
Horo Ha 60KOBOM BaJIY MalllJIHbI, Bpa1ll8IOllleMcSI B 2 pa3a Me.n:JIeHHee
rJIaBHOrO BaJIa JI nOJIYlJaIOlileM OT Hero .u.BH}/{eHJIe lJepe3 napy l.{JIJIHH;:J:-
pJIlJeCKJIX lllCCTepeH 1 JI 2.
B na3 !<YJIalJKa 3 BXO.n:JIT pOJIJIK 4 yrJIOBorO pbIlJara 5. 3TOT pbIlJar
lllapHHpHbIM BJIHTOM 6 3aKpenJIeH Ha PYKaBe MalllJIHbI, a 3BeHOM 7 coe-
.n:JIHeH B lllapHJIpe 8 co 3BeHOM 11 JI THro11 16.
THra lllapHJIpOM 21 coe.n:JIHeHa C KalJaIOlilelIcH paMKoH 22 JIrJIOBO-
.u.JITeJIH. 3BeHo 11, B .CBOIO OlJepe.n:b, coe.n:JIHeHO lllapHJIpOM 12 co 3Be-
HOM 10, JIMeIOlllJIM OTpOCTOK B BJI.u.e KpIOlJKa .n:JIH KpenJIeHJIH npy}/{JI-
Hbl 18. 3Ta npy}/{JIHa npll}/{JIMaeT lllapHlIp 12 K pbIlJary 3aKpenoK 23,
6JIaroJI.apH '-IeMY lllapHIip 12 3aHlIMaeT BnOJIHe onpe.n:eJIeHHOe nOJIo}/{e-
HlIe. 3BeHo 10 lllapHlIpoM 9 3aKpenJIeHO Ha pbIlJare 15 H npJI 06MeTKe
KpOMOK neTJIlI TaK}/{e 3aHlIMaeT BnOJIHe onpe.n:eJIeHHOe nOJIO}/{eHJIe.
DpJI BpalileHIIlf 6oKoBoro BaJIa pOJIHK 4 1I yrJIOBOH pbIlJar 5 nepexo.n:SlT
H3 o.n:Horo, KpallHero nOJIO}/{eHlIH, nOKa3aHHoro Ha pJIc. 163, 6 CnJIOlll-
HbIMlI JIlIHlIHMlI, B .n:pyroe KpaHHee nOJIO}/{eHlIe, nOKa3aHHoe nYHKTJI-
pOM. Yr JIOBOH pbllJar 5 npJIBo.n:lIT B .n:BJI}/{eI-IHe 3DeHO 7 1I lllapHlIp 8.
lllapHIIp 8, B CBOIO o'-lepe.n:b, KalJae'J1CH BOKpyr lllapIIlIpa 12 JI 3aHlIMa-
eT .n:Ba nOJIO}/{eHHSI: nepBoe nOKa3aHO CnJIOlllHbIMlI JIlIHHHMlI, BTopoe-
nYHKTJIpOM, npll'-leM Heo6xo.n:lIMO OTMeTlITb, lJTO BO BTOpOM nOJIo}/{e-
HHlI lllapHHp 8 CTaHOBHTCH npOTHB wapHHpa 9, T e. lllapHHpbI 8 11 9
COBna.'l.aIOT.
KalJaIOlllaHCH paMKa 22 HrJIOBo.u.HTeJIH THroH 16 coe.n:HHeHa C lllap-
234
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CH CHII3Y B Cpe.n:Hei1 qaCTIf PYKaBa rnapHIfpHblM BIfHTOM 13. K nepe.n:-
HeMY KOHUY pblqara 5 KpenIfTcH npymHHa 4, K,)TOpaH CTpeMHTcH no-
BepHYTb ero BOKpyr BHHTa 13 npOTlIB lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKH.
Bo BpeMH pa60TbI MarnHHbl BaJI no.n:aqu 1 nOBOpaqHBaeTCH TOJIlJKa-
MH. BMeCTe 'C HHM, CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, nOBOpalJHBaeTCH H .n:nCK 2.
OplI 06MeTKe JIeBO!1 KpOMKH neTJIIf pOJIHK 6 pbIqara 5 KaTIfTCH no
yqaCTKY KYJIaqKa, onHcaHHoMY pa.n:HYCOM R JIJICKa. OpH 3TOM Mem.n:y
HHpO'l 8 H Tome 3aIlHMaeT .n:Ba nOJIOmeHHH, T e. nepexo.n:HT OT JIeBOrO
YKOJIa IfrJIbl K npaBOMY H 06paTHO. TaK BbInOJIHHeTCH nepBaH <PYIIK-
UHH Y3JIa KalJaHUH paMKH.
BeJIHqHHa KaqaHHH paMKH 22 3aBHCIfT OT nOJIOmeIUIH rnapImpa 12.
ECJIH rnapHHp CMeCTUTb BJIeBO (T e. no llaCOBOH CTpeJIKe OTHOCHTeJIbHO
rnapHHpa 8, eCJIH cMoTpeTb 'cBepxy), TO 3Hr3ar YBeJIIfqHTCH. CxeMa YBe-
.1HlJeHHH 3Hr3ara npH CMeIll.emIH rnapHHpa 12 BJIeBO YKa3aHa Ha
pHC. 163, 6.
D:o CMeIll.eHHH rnapHHpa 12 coe.n:HHHTe.'lbHOe 3BeHO 11 KalJaJIOCb
BOKpyr 3Toro rnapHHpa TaK, lJTO llIapHHp 8 nepeMeIll.aJICH no .n:yre a6.
KalJalOIlI.aHoCH paMKa 22 Hr JIOBo.n:HTeJIH qepe3 THry 16 nepeMeIll.aJIaCb
H3 TOlJKII A B TOqKY E. OpH CMeIll.emIH rnapHHpa 12 B nOJIOmeHIfe 12a
yroJl HaKJIOHa 3BeHa 11 YBeJIllqHBaeTCH H llIapHHp 8 HaqIfHaeT nepeMe-
lllaTbCH no .n:yre aB C 60JIbllIHM HaKJIOHOM, 6JIaro.n:apH qeMY nOJIome-
HHe Ka-lJalOIlI.eHcH paMKH HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH npH JIeBOM YKOJIe 'CMeIll.aeTCH
BJIeBO B TOqKY E, T. e. 3Iff3ar YBeJIHqHBaeTcH.
KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb BbIllIe, llIapHHp 8 npH npaBoM YKOJIe HrJIbI CTa-
HOBHTCH npoTHB llIapHHpa 9, H TaK KaK .n:JIHHbl coe.n:HHHTeJIbHbIX 3BeHb-
eB 10 H 11 o.n:IfHaKoBbI, TO He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, 6y.n:eT JIH rnapHHp 12
CMeIll.aTbCH HJIH HeT, npaBoe nOJIOmeIme If rJI bI OCTaeTCH 6e3 H3MeHe-
HHH, BeJIHlJHHa }Ke 3Hr3ara M6HHeTCH JIHllIb 3a ClJeT ,CMeIll.eHHH JIeBOrO
nOJIOmeHHH Hr JIbI.
PerYJIHpOBKa MexaHH3Ma nOnepe'-lHOrO nep€M
Ill. e H H H. llIHpIfHa 06MeTKH KpOMOK perYJIllpyeTcH H3MeHeHHeM nOJIO-
meHHH llIapHHpa 12 ('CM. pHC. 163, a) ECJIH ero CMeCTHTb BnpaBO, TO
3Hr3ar YMeHbllIHTCH, H Ha06opOT llIapHHp 12 no.n:mHMaeTCH npY}KH-
HOH 18 K pbIlJary 3aKpenoK 23. B BepxHlO1O lJaCTb pbl'-lara 3aKpenoK
BBepHYT BHHT 17, KOTOpbIH lJepe3 nJIaCTllHqaTYIo npymHHY .n:aBHT Ha
llIapHHp 12.
ECJIH BHHT 17 BBepTbIBaTb, TO llIapHHp 12 CMeCTIfTCH BJIeBO, CJIe.n:o-
BaTeJIbHO, 3Hr3ar YBeJIHlJHTCH, eCJIH me BHHT 'BbIBepTbIBaTb, TO 3Hf3ar
YMeHbrnHTCH.
THra 16 COCTOHT H3 .n:BYx lJaCTeH, KOTopbIe coe.n:HI-IHIOTCH BIfHTOM
20. D:JIlIHY THrH MomH YBeJIllqHBaTb HJlIf YMeHbllIaTb. 3TO He06xoJI.lI-
MO .n:JIH YCTaHoBKH npaBHJIbHOrO nOJIOmeHIfH KpOMOK neTJIIf OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO Homa.
KYJIaqOK 3 JI.OJImeH 6bITb Y'CTaHOBJIeH Ha 60KOBOM BaJIY TaK, lJT06bI
nepeMeIll.eHHe HrJIbI npoHcxo.n:HJIO B TO Rpe¥H, Kor.n:a OHa BbIII.n:eT H3
MaTepUaJIa.
Mexaml3M 60KOBoro CMeI.l\eHHSI HrJIbI (pIfe. 163 H 164) o6eCne'-lH-
BaeT paMKe HrJIOBo.n:HTeJISI nOCJIe 06MeTKH JIeBOII KpOMKIf neTJIII nepe-
MeIll.eHHe BnpaBo JI.JISI 06MeTKH npaBoH KpOMKH. OocJIe H3rOTOBJIemIH
BTOpOH 3aKpenKH OH CMeIll.aeT paMKY BJIeBO BHalJaJIe Ha cepe.n:HHY
neTJIH .n:JISI 3aKpenJIeHHSI CTpOlJKH, a 3aTeM nOJIHOCTblO .n:JIH 06MeTKH
JIeBOH KpOMKH neTJIH.
OCHOBHbIMH .n:eTaJIHMH MexaHH3Ma 60KoBoro CMeIll.eHHSI HrJIbI SlBJIH-
IOTCH .n:IICK 2, 3aKpenJIeHHbIH BMeCTe C .n:epmaTeJIeM Ha BaJIY no.n:aqu 1,
H pbIqar 5, K KOTOPOMY KpenHTCH rnapIUlp 9 MexaHH3Ma nOnepe'-lHOrO
nepeMeIll.eHHH HrJIbI. PbIqar 5 HMeeT OTpOCTOK IC pOJIIiKOM 6 H KpenHT-
236 .
PHC. 164. l\1exaHH3M 6oKoBoro CMe-
lLleHHH Hr,lbl
PHC. 165. MexaHH3M 3aKpenoK
neee.n:mlM KOHU.OM pbIlJara H 3KcueHTpHKoM 3, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Ha npa-
BOIf cTopoHe PYKaBa, YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCSl cooTBeTcTBYIOIll.IfH 3a30p F
06MeTKa .leB0I1 KpO:\1KH neTJIIf 3aKaHlJIfBae'J1CH B TOT MOMeHT, Kor-
.n:a pOJIHK 6 COCKaKIfBaeT -c .lI:llCKa 2 H pblqar 5 no.n: .n:eHcTBHeM npymIf-
Hbl .J nOBOpaqHBaeTCSI npOTlIB '-IacoBoii CTpeJIKH (CM. pIfC. 164 - no-
JIQ}KeHHe, YKa3aHHoe nYHKTIfpOM) BMecTe C pbIqarOM 5 OTXO.n:HT Ha-
3a.n: rnapHHpbI 9, 12, 8 If 3BeHbSl 10 H 11 C npymIfHoH 14, a THra 15 CMe-
maeT paMI{Y Ifr JIOBo.n:IfTeJIH npOTlIB lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKIf OTHOCHTenb9.0
rnapHIfpa 16 .n:JIH 06Mel'KIf npaBoH KpOMKIf neTJIH.
OocJIe Toro, KaK pOJIIfK COCKOlJHT C .n:HCKa 2, pbIlJar 5 6y.n:eT ynH-
paTbcH IE 3KcueHTpIfK 3.
Per Y JI If P 0. B K a Me x a H If 3 M a. BeJIIflJIfHa CMeIll.eHHH paMKH
HrJIOBo.n:IfTeJIH 3aBHCHT OT BeJIHqHHbI 3a30pa F, YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO npIf
06MeTKe JIeBOII KpOMKIf neTJIIf Me}K.n:y pbIqarOM 5 If 3KCU.eHTpIfKOM 3.
3TOT 3a30p 06eCnelJIfBaeT Tpe6yeMoe paocToHHHe Mem.n:y KpoMKaMH
237

neTJIH. OpH YBeJIHIleHHH llJHpHHbI KpOMKU neTJIH 3a30p F .n:OJI)KeH 6blTb
TaK)Ke YBeJIHqeH. .11.Haqe KpOMKH 6y.n:YT qaCTHqHO HaKJIa.n:bIBaTbCH O.n:Ha
Ha .n:PyrYIO.
OOJIO)KeHHe 3Kcl.leHTpHKa 3 perYJIHpyeT 3a30p F H TeM CaMbI:\I pac-
CTOHHHe Me)K.n:y KpOMKaMI:I neTJIH (BeJIHqHHa c, CM. pHC. 162) ECJIH
paccToHHHe Me)K.n:y KpoMKaMH MaJIO, TO HY)KHO nOBepHYTb 3KCl.leHTpl:lK
TaK, qT06bl 3a30p F YBeJIHqHJI'CH; eCJIH 3TO paCCTOHHHe BeJIHKO, TO 3a-
30p HY)KHO YMeHblllHTb.
MeXaH1:l3M 3aKpenOK (pHC. 165) CJIY)KHT .n:JIH YBeJIHqeHlIH 3ur3ara
npH 1:13rOTOBJIeHHH 3aKpenoK.
OCHOBHblMH .n:eTaJIHMH MexaHH3Ma HBJIHIOTCH pbIqar 5 H ,J,Ba KY-
JIaqKa 1, 3aKpenJIeHHble Ha JJ:HCKe 2. 3a1l.Hl:lii KOHel.l pblqara 5 OKaHqH-
BaeTCH pOJIHKOM 3, a B nepe.n:HHH KOHel.l, KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb paHbllle.
ynHpaeTCH lllapHHp 9 MexaHH3Ma nOnepeqHOrO nepeMellleHlIH HrJIbl
(CM. n03. 12 Ha pHC. 163)
PbIqar 5 KpenHTCH K PYKaBY JI.JIHHHbIM lllapHHpHblM BHHTOM 4.
CBepxy 3TOT BHHT 3aKpenJIeH raHKoiL .rr.JIH YBeJIHqeHHH pa3Maxa (3Hr-
3ara) KaqaIOllleHCH paMKH HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH B MOMeHT H3rOTOB.'leHHH 3a-
KpenoK lllapHHp 9 HY)KHO CMeCTHTb BJICBO. Opl:l H3rOTOBJIeHHH 3aKpen-
KH KYJIaqOK 1 no.n:xo.n:HT K pOJIHKy 3 H nOBOpaqHBaeT pblqar 5 no qa-
COBOH CTpeJIKe (noKa3aHo nYHKTHpOM). OepeJI.HHH KOHel.l pbIqara CMe-
lllaeT lllapHHp 9 BJIeBO H TeM 'caMblM YBeJIHqHBaeT 3Hr3ar Ha 3aKpen-
Kax.
B npaBYIO cTeHKY PYKaBa BBepHYT BHHT 6, B KOTOpblH ynHpaeTc5I
pblqar 5. C nOMolllbIO 3Toro BI:IHTa perYJIHpyeTcH JI.JIHHa 3aKpenK}f
(T e. JIeBOe nOJIO)KeHHe HrJIbI npH 3aKpenKe)
4HCJIO YKOJIOB l:lrJIbI Ha 3aKpenKax 3aBI:ICI:IT OT 'BeJIHqHHbl nO!I.aq}f
TKaHH (qeM 60JIbllle no.n:aqa TKaHH, TeM 6bl'CTpee COCKOqHT pO.1HK C KY-
JIaqKa 1 H TeM MeHbllle HrJIa ycneeT c.n:eJIaTb YKOJIOB) H OT BeJIUqHHbl
d nJIOllla.n:KH Ha KYJIaqKax, TaK KaK qeM 60JIbllle nJIOllla.n:Ka d, Te1
.n:OJIbllle MexaHH3M 6YJI.eT Haxo.n:HTbCH B nOJIO)KeHHH, cooTBeTcTBYIOllle:\1
BblllOJIHeHHIO 3aKpenKH.
113roToBJIeHHe 3a1l.HeH 3aKpenKH 3aKaHqHBaeTCH, Kor.n:a pO.1HK 3
COCKaKHBaeT 'C KYJIaqKa 1. OpH 3TOM lllapHlIp 9 noD. JI.eIICTBlIeM npy-
)KHHbI 8 oToH.n:eT BnpaBo, 3Hr3ar YMeHblllHTCH, H 6y.n:eT npOlI3B01l.HTbC5I
06MeTKa npa'BoH KpOMKII neTJIII (qeTBepTaH clJYHKl.lIIH MexaHH3Ma
IIr JIbl)
OpH 06MeTKe npaBoH KpOMKH neTJIH TKaHb nepeMelllaeTCH OT pa-
60TaIOlllero. 113roToBJIeHHe BTOpOH 3aKpenKlI (mITaH clJYHKl.lIIH Mexa-
HH3Ma) npOlIcxo.n:IIT aHaJIOrHqHO 1I3rOTOBJIeHlIIO nepBoi'j 3aKpenKH, HO
npH 3TOM Ha pOJIIIK 3 .n:eHcTByeT BTOpOH KYJIaqOK 1.
llleCTaH clJYHKl.lII5I MexaHlI3Ma OTKJIOHeHHH IIr JIbI cJIe.n:YlolllaH. Ooc-
JIe 1:13roTOBJIeHHH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH nJIOllla.n:Ka 7 (CM. pHe. 164) ;I.IICKa
2 OTBO.n:IIT pOJIIIK 6, a CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, H pbIqar 5 no qaCoBoi'1 CTpe.1Kc.
BMeCTe 'c pblqarOM OTXO.n:HT H lllapHlIpLI 8 l:l 9, a KaqaIOlllaHCH paMKa
Hr JIOBo.n:IITeJI5I CTaHOBIITCH nocepe.n:HHe neT JIH. OOKa pOJII:IK 6 Haxo-
JI.HTCH Ha nJIOllla.n:Ke 7, HrJIa npoH3Bo.n:HT YKOJIbI nocepe.n:IIHe neTJIH !I..'m
3aKpenJIeHHH CTPOqKII.
OocJIe nycKa MalllHHbI 'B pa60TY .n:JIH 06MeTKH cJIe.n:YIollleii neTJIH
POJIIIK 6 nepei'j.n:eT C nJIOllla.n:KII 7 .n:IICKa 2 Ha YtIacToK, onHcaHIIblH pa-
.n:IIY'COM R, II nOJIHOCTbIO CMeCTI:IT KaqaIolllyIOcH paMKY IIrJIOBo.n:IITeJIH
BJIeBO .n:"lH 06MeTKH JIeBOH KpOMKII neTJIII.
,lJJIH HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TLI 3Toro Y3JIa B lllapIIHpax MexaHlI3MOB He
.n:OJI)KHO 6bITb nepeKOCOB.
Per y.'I H P 0 B K a Me x a H II 3 M a 3 a K pen 0 K. .rr.JIIlHa 3aKpe-
nOK (..leBoe nOJIO)KeHUe l:lrJIbl) 1:13MeHHel'CH BBepTbIBaHlIeM H BbIBepTbI-
BaHlIeM BIIHTa 6 (CM. plIC. 165)
OplI 'BBepTbIBaHlIu BIIHTa 6 3a.n:H1IJ1 KOHel.l pbIqara 3aKpenoK 5 C
pOJIIIIWM 3 6y.n:eT OTXO.n:IITb OT OCHOBaHHH KYJIaqKa 1, H n,?3ToMY npH
H3rOTOB.leHHH 3aKpenoK pblqar 5 nOBepHeTCH Ha MeIIblllHH yrOJI a, a
C.'le.n:OBaTe"lbHO, H lllapHlIp 9 CMeCTIITCH BJIeBO Ha MeHblllYIO BeJIlIqIlHY
TaKIIM 06pa30M, .n:JIH YMeHbllleHIIH .n:JIII!Ibl 3aKpenKlI (Kor.n:a 3aKpenKa
nOJIyqaeTCH cMellleHHoi'I BJIeBo) He06xo1l.lIMO BIIUT 6 BBepHYTb, HO nplI
3TOM Ha1l.0 IIMeTb B BII.n:y, qTO npH BBepTbI-BaHJIII BIIHTa 6 lllapHlIp 96y-
.n:eT CMelllaTbCH BJIeBO II qT06bI lllHplIHa KpOMOK neTJIII npH perYJIlIpO-
BaHlI1I .n:JIIIHbI 3aKpenKlI OCTaBaJIaCb 6e3 1I3MeHeHHH, He06xo.n:IIMO ee
1I.0nOJIHJITeJIbHO perYJII:IPQBaTb BIIHTOM 7 (CM. n03. 17 Ha pJIc. 163)
4lICJIO YKOJIOB Ha 3aKpenKax MO>KHO B cJIyqae He06xo1l.lIMOCTlI pe-
rYJIlIpOBaTb CMeHHbIMII KYJIaqKaMH 1 C nJIOllla.n:Koil d pa3HoII llllIplIHbl.
HaJIa.n:Ka MeXaHl-l3Ma KaqaHHH paMKI-I 1-1 rJIOBo.n:I-ITeJIH, .rr.IICK
2 3aKpen.'IHeTCH Ha BaJIY no.n:aqlI 1 (CM. plIC. 164) .n:BYMH CTonopHblMH
BIIHTaJ\.lJI. .rr.JIH nOJIyqeHHH neTJIJI npaBl:lJIbHOII clJOPMbl He06xo.n:JIMO YC-
TaHOBJITb ero Ha BaJIY MeXaHJI3Ma no.n:aqH TKaUII TaKHM 06pa30M, qTO-
6bI 3aKpemm pacnoJIaraJIJICb Ha KOHl.laX neTJIII.
ECJIII .n:IICK 2 YCTaHOBJITb no Xo.n:y BpallleHl:IH BaJIa paHbllle, TO JI3-
rOTOBJIeHl:le nepBOII 3aKpenKlI 6y.n:eT Haql:lHaTbH paHbllle, l:l OHa 6y.n: eT
Y3KaH, a BTOpH lllHpOKaH. ECJIII nOT .n:HCK YCTaHOBI1Tb n03)Ke, TO, ua-
060POT, nepBaH 3aKpenKa 6y.n:eT lllHpOKaH, a BToyaH Y3KaH.
MexaHH3M no.n:aql-l TKaHH, TKaHb, Ha KOTOpOIl .n:OJI)KHa 6bITb H3ro-
TOBJIeHa neTJIH, nOMelllaeTCH no.n: Ha)KHMaTeJIb TKaHH 28 (pIIC. 166)
Ha)KHMaTeJIb TKaHII CHH3Y II MeeT 3y6bH, KOTOpbIMH nplI)KHMaeT
MaTeplIa.l K lllJIHclJoBaHHoi'1 nJIOCKOCTJI HrOJIbHoi'j nJIaCTIIHbI, npHBepHY-
TOIl .n:BYMH 'BIIHTaMII K nJIaTclJopMe. OO;I.aqa TKaHJI npOII3Bo.n:JlTCH npo-
JJ:OJIblIbIM nepeMellleHHeM Ha}l{JIMaTeJIH TKaHII. 3TO u.n:BmKeHlIe Ua}l{HMa-
TeJIb TKaHII J:.IOJIyqaeT OT .n:IICKa nO.!l.aqH 20, KOTOpbIH TOJIIIKaMH nOBopa-
qI-IBaCTCH no qaCOBOII CTpeJIKe. B na3 ll..n:IIcKa no.n:aqH BXO.n:IIT pOJII:IK
KYJIIICbI 21, 6JIar01l.apH qeMY KYJIJICa nOJIyqaeT KaqaHlIe Ha lllapHHpe
31 H qepe3 THry 23 nepe.n:aeT .n:SII)KeHHe nOJI3YHY 32.
OOJI3YH npO!I.OJIbHO nepeMelllaeTcH B HanpaBJIHIOllleM na3Y nJIaT-
<pOpMbI II nO.'l.}I{lIMaeTCH KJIJlHOM 30. YnopHble lllnlIJIbKH 29 Ha}l{lIMaIOT
Ha K.'IIIH. CIIJIa 3Toro Ha}l{HMa .n:OJI}I{Ha 6bITb oTperYJIJIpOBaHa TaK,
'lTo6bI nOJI3YH JIerKO II 6e3 OIllYTIIMOii KaqKII nepeMelllaJICH B HanpaB-
JIHIOllleM na3Y nJIaTclJopMbI.
3a O.n:HH 060POT .n:HCKa 20 nOJI3YH 32 nepeMeCTJITC5I Bnepe.n: H Ha-
3a1l.. B:\lecTe C nOJI3YHOM nepeMelllaeTcH 3aKpenJIeI-IHOe Ha HeM OCHOBa-
HlIe 26 pbIqara 27 C Ha)KIIMaTeJIeM TKaHII 28.
.rr.IICK no.n:aqH 20 nOJIyqaeT BpallleHlIe OT KYJIaqKa 1, pacnOJIO}l{eH-
HOro Ha 60KOBOM 'BaJIY 2.
238
239

Opl:l BpallleHl:ll:l KYJIaIlKa 1, B na3 KOToporo BXO.n:l:lT pOJIIIK yrJIo-
BOro pbIIlara 3, nocJIe.n:Hl!11 nOJIYIlaeT KaIlaHl:le BOKpyr oceBoll Wnl:lJIbKl:l
4 l:l Ilepe3 3BeHO 5 nepe.n:aeT .n:Bl:l)KeHl:le perYJISITOpy 8 n01l.aIln TKaHl:l,
KOTOpbIH KaIlaeTCH Ha WapHl:lpe 7. PerYJISITop nO;ll.aIll:l Ilepe3 THry 12
nepe.n:aeT .n:Bl:l)KeHl:le npl:lBo.n:HOMY pbIIlary 18.
TaKI:IM 06pa30M, npl:lBo.n:Holl pblIlar 18 nOBOpaIlI:IBaeTCH no CTpeJI-
Ke B l:l 06paTHo - no CTpeJIKe C (CM. pl:lc. 166, Bl:l.n: CH1:l3Y).

PHe. 166. MeXaH"3M nOAa'i" TKaH" Malll"Hbl 25-ro Knacea
Opl:lBO.n:HOH pbIIlar 'CH1:l3Y WapHl:lpHO Ha.n:eT Ha 'BTYJIKY !J.I:ICKa no-
.n:aIll:l 20 l:l npl:l .n:Bl:l)KeHIIl:l no CTpeJIKe B CBOIiMl:l BbIcTynaMIJ 34 1I.aBI:IT
Ha nOBo.n:Kl:l 33 ,U.I:ICKa no.n:aIll:l 20, KOTopbIe B 3TOM -CJIY'lae 3aKJII:IHI:IBa-
lOT 060.n: .n:l:lCKa no.n:aIll:l l:l 3a'CTaBJIHIOT ero nOBOpa'lIIBaTbcH.
Opl:l 1I.Bl:l)KeHl:ll:l npl:lBo.n:Horo pbI'lara no CTpeJIKe C nOB01l.Kl:l 33 npo-
CKaJIb3bIBalOT no 060.n:y .n:IICKa no.n:a'lU II He nepe.n:aIOT eMY .n:Bli)KeHI:IH
(XOJIOCTOH X01l.) 4T06bI .n:l:lCK no.n:aIlU He nOBOpa'll:lBaJICH B oopaTHOM
HanpaBJIeHl:ll:l, Ha ero 06011. Ha.n:eBaeTCH cneUl:laJIbHOe TOpM03Hoe YCT-
pOlI-CTBO (Ha pl:lCYHKe He nOKa3aHO)
3a O.n:l:lH 060POT 60KOBoro BaJIa .n:l:lCK no.n:a'll:l nepeMeCTI:ITCH 1 pa3.
TaK KaK 60KOBOH n-aJI BpaIltaeTcH B 2 pa3a Me.n:JIeHHee rJIaBHOrO BaJIa,
TO no.n:a'la MaTepl:laJIa npOl:lcxo.n:l:lT 3a .'I.Ba 060pOTa rJIaBHorO BaJIa
1 pa3.
Opu BbInOJIHeHl:lII 3aKpenoK no.n:a'la TKaHl:l MO)KeT YMeHbwaTbCH.
JIH YMeHbWeHI:IH no.n:a'll:l TKaHl:l (YBeJIl:l'leHl:IH IlHCJIa YKOJIOB Ha 3a-
KpenKe) IIMeeTCH cneUl:laJIbHOe YCTPOHCTBO. Ha pbl'lare 15 nepeKJIIO-
240
r
'leHI:IH n01l.aIlU nOMellleHa 3aIlteJIKa 11, KOTopaH npY)KI:IHOIf (Ha IlepTe-
Ke He nOKa3aHO) n01l.)KI:IMaeTCH K perYJIHTOPY no.n:aIll:l. CBepxy Ha 3a-
llleJIKY .n:aBI:IT pbIIlar 14 l:l He .n:aeT eH 3y60M BOIITl:l B na3 10 perYJIH-
Topa n01l.a'll:l TKaHl:l.
Ha .n:l:lCKe n01l.a'll:l 20 3aKpenJIeHbl .n:Ba KYJIaIlKa 19, KOTopbIe npl:l
1:13rOTOBJIeHl:ll:l 3aKpenKl:l n01l.HI:IMaIOT pOJII:IK 17 l:l pblIlar 14. B 3TOT
MOMeHT 3aIlteJIKa 11 no.n: .n:eH'CTBl:leM nPY)KI:IHbI 3aCKaKI:IBaeT B na3 10,
l:l Tor.n:a perYJIHTOp 8 no.n:aIll:l TKaHl:l )KeCTKO COe1I.I:IHHeTCH C pblIlarOM
15, l:l KaIlaIme rOJIOBKl:l 9 npOIICX01l.1:1T Y)Ke He BOKpyr WapHl!pa 7, a
BOKpyr WapHl:lpa 16, B pe3YJIbTaTe 'lero npl:lB01l.Hoi'1 pbI'lar 18 nepeMe-
IltaeTCH Ha MeHbwylO 'BeJIl:l'll:lHY, a CJIe1l.0BaTeJIbHO, YMeHbwaeTCH l:l no-
.n:a'la TKaHl:l. Kor1l.a pOJII:IK 17 COCKOIlI:IT C KYJIaIlKa 19, pbl'lar 14 no.n:
.n:elicTBl:leM npY)KIiHbI 13 onHTb Ha)KMeT Ha 3allleJIKy 11 l:l BbIBe.n:eT ee
3y6 1:13 na3a 10. Oo.n:a'la TKaHl:l CHOBa 6y.n:eT TaKaH )Ke, KaK 6bIJIa npH
06MeTKe nepBoli KpOMKl:l.
JIH 113MeHeHI:IH nOJIO)KeIlHH perYJIHTOpa 8 no.n:a'lH TKaHl:l B OCHO-
BaHl:ll:l PYKaBa MaWI:IHbl I:IMeeTCH ynopHbIj{ BI:IHT 6. 113MeHeHl:leM nOJIO-
)KeHI:IH 3Toro BI:IHTa perYJIl:lpyeTcH 'll:lCJIO CTe)KKOB 3aKpenKl:l. BI:IHT 6
CJIY)KI:IT TaK)Ke .n:JIH BKJIIO'leHI:IH l:l BbIK.11O'leHI:IH npl:lcnOC06JIeHl:IH,
YMeHbillalOIlterO no,U.a'lY TKaHH Ha 3aKpenKax.
.'1H BKJIlO'leHl:IH 3Toro npl:lcnOC06JIeHl:IH HY)KHO nOCTaBI:ITb pOJIHK
yrJIOBOrO pbl'lara 3 B KpaHHee npaBoe no.'10)KeHl:le, PYKOHTKOII nOBep-
HYTb BaJI no.n:a'll:l TaK, 'lT06bl KYJIaIlOK 19 n01l.HHJI pbl'lar 14, l:l BBepHYTb
BI:IHT 6 HaCTOJIbKO, IlT06bl 3y6 3aIlteJIKlI 11 BOWeJI B na3 10 perY.'lHTOpa
noa'll:l TKaHl:l. B 3TOM CJIY'lae no.n:a'la Ha 3aKpenKax 6y.n:eT MeHbwe
l:l IlHCJIO YKOJIOB COCTaBI:IT OT 11 .n:o 15.
Oo.n:a'la TKaHl:l TaK )Ke, KaK l:l Ka'laHHe paMKl:l l:lrJIOBo.n:l:lTeJIH, .n:OJI)K-
Ha npollcxo.n:l:lTb B TO BpeMH, Kor.n:a HrJIa Haxo.n:l:lTCH BHe TKaHl:l. Mo-
MeHT no.n:a'll:l 3aBI:ICI:IT OT nOJIO)KeHI:IH KYJIa'lKa 1 Ha 60KOBOM Ba.'1V 2.
Me}l{.n:y 3a.n:HI:IM KOHl!.OM pbl'lara 27 l:l OCHOBaHIieM 26 Ha CTep;f<He
nOMeIlteHa npY}I{l:lHa 24, KOTopaH npl:l}l{l:lMaeT Ha}l{HMaTeJIb TKaHl:l K
l:lrOJIbHOH nJIa-CTI:IHe.
BeJIl:l'll:lHa npII}I{IIMa TKaHl:l K l:lroJIbHoli n.1aCTI:IIle 3aBI:ICI:IT OT CTe-
neHl:l C}I{aTI:IH npY}I{l:lHbl II perYJIl:lpyeTcH raHKoH 25. Opl:l He.n:OCTaTO'l-
HOM npl:l}l{IIMe TKaHb MO}l{eT C061:1paTbCH npl:l 06MeTKe l:l npopy6aHl:ll:l
neT.1II. npl:l Cl:lJIbHOM npl:l}l{l:lMe YBeJIl:l'll:lBaeTCH TpeHl:le Me}l{.n:y nOJI3y-
nOM l:l nJlaTcpopMOH, a TaI{)Ke B03MO}l{HO nOBpe>K1I.emIe TKaHl:l 3y6bHMl:l
Ha}KIiMaTeJIH.
PerYJIl:lpOBKa
MO)KHO perY.'ll:lpOBaTb
-cTe}l{KOB 3aKpenKl:l.
JIIiHa neTJIl:l perYJIl:lpyeTcH 1:13:\1eHeHl:leM nOJIO}l{eHI:IH rOJIOBKII 22
THfl:l 23 B na3Y KYJII:ICbI 21, .n:JIH YBeJIl:l'IeHI:IH .n:JIHHbl neT JIl:l rOJIOBKY 22
3aKpenJIHIOT .n:aJIbWe OT WapHl:lpa 31 KYJII:ICbI, a .n:JIH YMeHbWeHI:IH-
6JIl:l}l{e K WapHl:lpy.
BeJIl:l'll:lHa no.n:a'll:l TKaHl:l (rycToTa CTe}l{KOB B KpoMKax) perYJIl:l-
PyeTcH 1:13MeHeHHeM nOJIO)KeHI:IH rOJIOBKH 9 THrl:l 12 B na3Y peryJIHTOpa
8 nO!J.a'll:l TKaHl:l; 1I.JIH YBeJII:IIleHI:IH no.n:a'll:l rOJIOBKY 9 Ha.n:o y.n:aJII:ITb OT
wapHHpa 7, .n:JIH YMeHbWeHI:IH - np1:l6JI1:l3HTb.
241
M e x a I11:1 3 M a. B MexaHH3Me n01I.aIln TKaHl:l
.n:JIIIHY neT JIl:l, BeJIl:l'lIIHY n01l.a lJII TKaHl:l, IlI:ICJIO

l.JIICJIO CTe)KKOB 3aKpenKl:l perYJIl:lpyeTcH l:l3MeHeHl:leM nOJIOW;eHl:lH
Bl:lHTa 6. ECJIH Bl:lHT BbIBepHYTb Ha 1-2 060poTa, TO 3y6 3aIlteJIKl:l B
MOMeHT 06pa30BaHHH 3aKpenKl:l He 6y.n:eT BX01I.l:lTb B na3 10 l:l YMeHb-
llleHIUI n01I.aql:l TKaHl:l He npOl:l30H.n:eT. l.JaCJIO YKOJIOB l:lrJIbl npl:l 3TOM
6y 1I.eT OT 5 .n:o 8. ECJIl:l Bl:lHT BBepHYTb r JIy6w;e Tpe6yeMoro nOJIO)KeHl:lH,
TO !\1Q)({eT npol:l30iiTl:l 3aKJIl:lHl:lBaHl:le MeXaHl:l3Ma.
MeXaHI13M pa3pe3aHI1H TKaHl1, Pa3pe3aHHe TKaHI1 npOl:l CX0 1I.l:l T
nOCJIe 06111eTKH ee I<p0!\10K BO BpeMH l:l3roTOBJIeHl:lH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH.
B 3TO BpeMH J\lallHIHa 6y.n:eT nepeBe1I.eHa Ha YMeHbllleHHoe qHCJIO 060-
pOTOB.
I1ro.lbHaH nJIaCTl:lHa l:l:\IeeT noCepe,'I.l:lHe .n:JIl:lHHYIO Y3KYIO llI.eJIb.
KpOMKl:l 3TOH IlteJIli (nocJIe lll.'1HclJoBalIl:l51 ee nJIOCKOCTl:l) .n:OJIW;HbI6bITb
OCTpbIlItII. Cepe1I.l:lHa neTJIl:l .n:OJIW;lIa pacnOJIaraTbCH npOTl:lB 3TOH IlteJIl:l.
Opl:l pa3pe3aHIIH HOW;, onYCKaHCb, BOH.n:eT B llI.eJIb l:lrOJIbHOH nJIaCTl:lHbl
H pa3pe)({eT TKaHb Mew;.n:y KpOMKaMl:l neTJIH. MexaHH3M pa3pe3aHHH
TKaHl:l Mallll:lHbI 25-A KJIaCca nOKa3aH Ha pl:lc. 167, a_
How; 16 HMeeT pew;YIltYIO KpO:vJKY H KpenHTcH K .n:epw;aTeJIIO 15, KO-
TOPbI!i, B CBOIO oqepe1I.b, 3aKpenJIeH H8 CTep)KHe 14. OpH pa3pe3aHHl:l
TKaHH cTepw;eHb nOJIyqaeT .n:smKeHIIe BIIM3, a no.n: .n:eHcTBHeM npY)KH-
HbI 13 nOCJIe pa3pe3aHl:lH TKaHII - .n:BIliKCHl:le BBepx, npl:lqeM HO)l{ ony-
CKaeTCH npl:l H3rOTOBJIeHl:lH neTJIl:l TOJIbKO 1 pa3, nOCJIe qero MexaHl:l3M
.n:Bl:l)l{eHl:lH HO)l{a BbIKJIlOqaeTCH. OpaBl:lJIbHO pa60Tal0ll1.lIll MeXaHl:l3M
HCKJIlOqaeT B03MO)l{HOCTb BKJIlOqeHHH HQ)Ka HeCKOJIbKO pa3 npl:l l:l3rO-
TOBJIeHIHI 01I.HOII neT JIl:l.
CTep)l{eHb HO)Ka nOMeIltaeTCH B HanpaBJIHIOIltl:lX BTYJIKaX clJPOHTO-
BOH qaCTl:l MalllllHbl l:l MO)l{eT nepeMeIltaTbCH TOJIbKO BHH3 l:l BBepx. Ha
CTep)KHe HO)Ka KpenHTCH XOMYTIIK 12, KOTOpbIH 3BeHOM 11 coe.n:l:lHeH
C yrJIOBbIM pbIqarOM 9. YrJIoBoii pbIqar, B CBOlQ oqcpe.n:b, lllapHl:lpHO
npl:lKpen.TIeH K JIeBOH cTopoHe PYKaBa H B nepe.n:HeH qaCTl:l cBepxy ynH-
paeTcH B Bl:lHT 10.
3a.n:Hee nJIeqo yrJIOBOrO pbIqara 9 coe.n:IIHeHO lllapHl:lpHO C THro11 6.
CBoe .n:BlI)I{eHl:le BHl:l3 CTep)l{eHb HO)l{a nOJIyqaeT OT KYJIaqKa 4 qepe3
yrJIoBoli pbIqar 1 no.n:aql:l TKaHl:l.
Bo BpeMH pa60TbI MalllHHbI, Kor.n.a MexaHlI3M HO)l{a He BKJIlOqeH,
THra 6 HO)Ka BblCTynoM 7 ynl:lpaeTCH Ha BbIcTyn 21 SKJIlOqaTeJIH 22 HO-
)l{a. K BKJIlOqaTeJIIO HO)l{a lllapHl:lpHbIM BHHTOM 23 Kpenl:lTCH BbIKJIIO-
q aTeJIb, KOTOpbIII no.n:THfHBaeTCH K HeMY npY)l{llHoH 27 (CM. pHC.
167,6, B)
C BHYTpCHHeH CTOpOHbI yrJIOBOrO pblqara 1 no.n:aql:l TKaHH 3aKpen-
JIeH KYJIaqOK C lllllllOM 3. )1JIH TOro qT06bI cpa60TaJI MeXaHl:l3M HO)Ka,
He06xo,!I.IIMO, 'IT06bl THra 6 onycTl:lJIaCb l:l 'BbIpe30M 5 coe.n:l:lHl:lJIa'Cb C
llll:lnOM 3 yrJIOBOrO pbIqara 1 npll ero KpaHHeM npaBoM nOJIO)l{eHHH
(KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 167,6 YCJIOBHbIMl:l JIHHIIHMl:l)
Opll .n:BH)KeHl:lII yrJIOBOrO pblqara 1 no.n:aql:l 113 npaBoro KpaHHero
nO.'lO)KeHIIH B JIeBOe OH nOTHHeT 3a C060H THry 6 l:l nOBepHeT pbIqar 9
Ha lllapHupe 8. Oepe.n:HHll KOHeI.l pblqra, TaKIIM o6pa30M, onycTl:lTCH,
II BMCCTe C HHM nOJIyqaT .n:BH)I{eHl:le BHl:l3 CTep)l{eHb 14 HO)Ka II HO)l{ 16.
MeXaHl:l3l\1 BKJIlOqaeTCH CJIe.n:YIOIltl:lM o6pa30M. BKJIlOqaTeJIb 22 HO-
)Ka npe1I.CTaBJIHeT C060H 01I.HO lleJIoe C BaJIHKOM 25 H nOMellI.aeTCH B
242
KpoHlllTei'lHe, 3aKpenJIeHHOM Ha JIeBOH CTOpOHe pYKaBa (pl:lc. 167, 6),
Ha Hl:l)l{HeM KOHlJ,e BaJIl:lKa BKJIIOqaTeJIH HO)l{a )KeCTKO Ha lllTl:lclJTe 3a-
KpenJIeH pblqar 17 C 3arHYTblM KOHllOM B Bl:l1I.e KplOqKa 26. K 3TOMY
pbIqary npl:lKpenJIeHa npY)l{l:lHa 18, KOTopaH CTpeMHTcH nOBepH}"Tb Pbl-
qar 17 npOTl:lB qacoBoii CTpeJIKl:l H npmKl:lMaeT ero I{PlOqOK K K) JaqKY
20 BKJIlOqeHHH HO)l{a, l:lMelOllleMY Bble!l-IKY 19 .n:JIH BKJIlOqeHHH ':\Iexa-
IIl:l3Ma HO)l{a.
n oBoe IfpallHee
nOnO/KeHUe ponW<fl
l!
9
11
23
24-
25
28
7 29
27
19 18
17
BJ
0)
PHC. 167. MexaHH3M pa3pe3aHHH TKaHH lIfalllHHbl 25-ro KJlacta:
a-cxeMa; 6-MOMeHT BKnlO'leHH>I: B-MOMeHT BblKnlO'lellHII
B MOMeHT BKJIlOqeHl:lH MexaHIi3Ma HO)l{a KPlOqOK 26 pbIqara 17 coc-
KaKl:lBaeT B BbI;MKY 19 KYJIaqKa 20 l:l nOBOpaql:lBaeT BKJIlOqaTe.Jb 22
npOTl:lB qaCOBOIl CTeJIKl:l (&JIl:l CMOTpeTb cBepxy) BbIcTyn 21 BK.llO-
qaTeJIH, Ha KOTOpbll:l CBOUM BbIcTyno:vJ 7 onl:lpaJIaCb THra 6, OTXO,'I.IIT
OT Hee. BbIKJIlOqaTeJIb 28 B 3T0 Bpe:VIH He MO)l{eT OTOHTJI B:\1eCTe
C BKJIlOqaTeJIeM, TaK KaK OH CBOl:lM BblcTynoM 29 (KOTOpbIH Ha 1 MM
Bblllle BKJIlOqaTeJIH) ynl:lpaeTCH B 3a.n:HIOIO CTeHKY BbIcTyna 7 THfll 6.
243

CJIe.1l.0BaTeJIbHO, B MOMeHT BKJIIOIlem:lH Me"{aIU:l3Ma HO>Ka BKJIIOIla-
TeJIb, OTXO.1l.H BJIeBO, .1I.aeT B03MO>KHOCTb THre 6 nolI. .1I.eHCTBl:leM npy-
>Kl:lHbI 2 l:l co(}cTBeHHoro Beca onycTl:lTbCH, coe.n:l:lHl:lTbCH C lllI-InOM 3 l:l
cpa60TaTb MexaHlI3MY HO>Ka.
BbIKJIIOIleHl:le MeXaHl:l3Ma npOl:lCXOlI.HT cJIe.n:yIOlltl:lM 06pa30M. Kor.n:a
THra 6 BMeCTe C KyJIaIlKOM 3 (CM. pl:lc. 167, B) nepeHlI.eT B Kpalmee JIe-
Boe nOJIOmeIll:le, Me>KlI.Y ee BbICTynoM 7 l:l cpe30M 29 BbIKJIIOIla TeJISI 28
6Y.1l.eT 3a30p 1-2 MM. B no BpeMH BbIKJIIOIlaTeJIb 28 npY>KHI-IOH 27
nO!l.THHeTCH K BKJIlOIlaTeJIIO 22, l:l npl:l 06paTHoM .n:Bl:lmeHl:lH THrl:l Bbl-
KJIIOIlaTeJIb HO>Ka CBOHM cpe30M 29 3aCTa-Bl:lT THry no.n:I1HTbCH H TaKHM
06pa30M pa3'be.n:HHl:lT ee C umnOM 3 yrJIOBoro pbI1lara no.n:aIll:l; Mexa-
Hl:l3M HO>Ka BbIKJIIOIll:lTCH, l:l CTep>KeHb HO>Ka no.n: lI.ellcTBl:leM npymJiHbI
13 no.n:HIfYIeTCH.
OocJIe 3Toro THra 6 6y.n:eT Onl:lpaTbCH Ha BbJCTyn 30 -BbIKJIlOIlaTeJIH
HO>Ka. Opl:l 06MeTKe JIeBoil KpOMKl:l 'CJIelI.YlOllteH neTJIIf KplOIlOK pbJIlara
17 BbIII.n:eT l:l3 BbIeMKII KYJIaIlKa BKJIIOIleHl:lH HO>Ka l:l nOBepI-IeT BKJIIOIla-
Te.lb 22 Homa B l:lCXOlI.HOe nOJIO>KeHl:lC. THra B 3TOT MOMeHT 6y.n: eT
Onl:lpaTbCH Ha ero BbIcTyn 21, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHcYHKe.
ECJIH nOI-Ia.n:06l:lTCH (Hanpl:lMep, npl:l 06pbIBe HHTKl:l) BbIKJIIOIll:lTb Me-
XaHl:l3M Homa, TO .n:OCTaTOIlHO nOBepHYTb .n:JIH 3Toro 6apallleK 24. .rr.JIH
HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI MeXaHl:l3Ma pa3pe3aIll:lH TKaHl:l OIleHb BamHO no-
JIO>KeHl:le THrl:l 6 B MOMeHT OCTaHOBa Mallll:lHbI. Opl:l OCTaHOBKe Mallll:lI-IbJ
THra 6 HO>Ka nOlI.HIIMaeTCH l:l Mem.n:y ee BbIcTynoM 7 l:l BbIcTynoM 30
BbIKJIIOIlaTe"lH 29 HO>Ka 1I.0JImeI-I 6bITb 3a30p He MeI-Iee 0,8 MM. Opl:l OT-
CYTCTBl:lH 3Toro 3a30pa Hom 6y.n:eT BKJIIOIlaTbCH cpa3Y npl:l nYCKe Ma-
llll:lHbI B pa60TY B Tex CJIY'laHX, KOf.iI.a nepelI. 3Tl:lM pa60THl:llJ.a BbI-
KJIIO'laJIa Hom 6apalllKoM 24 HJIl:l npl:l.n:epml:lBaJIa pbI'lar 17 PYKOH (Ha-
npHMep, npH 06pbIBe Hl:lTKl:l)
Per Y JI II P 0 B K a M e x a H l:l 3 M a. MOMeHT BKJIIO'leHl:lH MeXaHl:l3-
. Ma pa3pe3aHl:lH TKaHl:l onpe.n:eJIHeTCH nOJIOmeI-Il:leM KYJIa'lKa 19 Ha BaJIY
no.n:a'll:l. He06xo.n:l:lMo TaK YCTaHoBIfTb 3TOT KYJIa'lOK, 'lT06bI pbI'lar 17
COCKaKl:lBaJI B ero BbJeMKY 3a 3-4 060poTa 11.0 OCTaHOBa Mallll:lHbI,
Kor.n:a MalllI-IHa yme 6y.n:eT nepeBelI.eHa Ha YMeHbllleHHoe 'Il:lCJIO 060po-
TOB. ECJIIf I-IO}[{ BKJIlO'lIfTb paI-Ibllle, TO nOJIY'll:lTCH He.n:ope3aHl:le neTJIII
OKOJIO nepe!l.I-IeH 3aKpenKH.
.rr.JIH npaBl:lJIbI-IOrO clJ.enJIeI-Il:lH THfl:l 6 C KYJIa'lKOM 3 l-Ie06xo1I.lD-1O
BBl:lI-I'll:lBaTb HJIH BbIBHI-I'll:lBaTb ynOpI-IbIII Bl:lI-IT 10, 'IT06hI THra l-Iaxo..1l:l-
.'laCb CBOHM BbIpe30M 5 npOTl:lB Kpaill-Iero nOJIOmeI-IHH llll:lna (KaK no-
Ka3aI-I0 nYI-IKTJlpOM Ha pl:lc. 167, 6) ECJIl:l ynOpI-IbIi'I Bl:lI-IT 6YlI.eT BbIllle,
TO T5Ira C'BOl:lM BbJpe30M I-Il:lKOrlI.a He CMomeT coe.n:l:lHl:lTbCH C KYJIaIlKOM
3 II MeXaHl:l3M pa3pe3aHl:lH TKaI-Il:l pa60TaTb He 6y.n:eT ECJIl:l me 3TOT
Bl:lHT 6y.n:eT onyllteI-I Hl:lme HOpMaJIbHOrO nOJIOmeHl:lH, TO npl:l clJ.enJIe-
Hl:ll:l THrIf C KYJIa'lKOM npOl:l30H.n:eT 3aKJIl:lHl:lBaHl:le MeXaHl:l3Ma, 'ITO He-
.n:onYCTl:lMO.
Hom no BbICOTe HymHo YCTaHaBJIHBaTb TaK, 'lTo6bI BepXHl:lH KOHelJ.
pemyruell KpOMKH npl:l KpaHHeM Hl:lmHeM nOJIOmeHl:ll:l BXO.n:l:lJI B llteJIb
l:lroJIbHOH nJIaCTl:lHbI Ha 1-1,5 MM. .rr.JIH perYJIl:lpOBKl:l Homa no BbICOTe
HymHo OCJIa6l:lTb Bl:lHT XOMYTl:lKa 12 l:l CMeCTl:lTb CTepmeHb 14 BBepx
l:lJIl:l BHl:l3 (ecJIl:l na3 Homa nOJIHOCTbIO l:lCnOJIb30BaH}.
244
MexaHH3M aBTOMaTlt'IeCKOrO BKJIIO'leHHSI It BbIKJIIO'leHHSI MalllHHbI
25-A KJIaCca. Opl:l 06l\1eTbIBaHl:ll-l KpOMOK neTJIl:l Mallll:lHa pa60TaeT C
n=2000 06/Ml:lH, HO 3a 10-12 060pOTOB.n:0 BbIKJIIO'leHl:lH 'laCTOTa
BparueHlr BaJIa YMeHblllaeTCH .n:o 1000 06/Ml:lH .n:JIH CMHr'leHl:lH y.n:apa
-cTOnOpHOl-l Cepbrl:l npl:l 3aCK8Kl:lBaHl:ll:l B na3 KYJIa'lKa MeXaHl:l3Ma OCTa-
HOB a M8111l:lHbI.
.rr.JIH 3TOH lJ.eJIl:l Ha r JIaBHOM BaJIY Mallll:lI-IbI l:lMeIOTCH lI.Ba pa60Ill:lX
lllKl:lBa 24 l:l 25 l:l COOTBeTCTBeHHO lI.Ba XOJIOCTbIX 5 H 6 (pl:lc. 168, I, 1/)
BpallteHlle OT 3.TleKTpOMoTopa nepelI.aeTcH .n:BYMH peMHHMl:l: peM-
HeM 3 OT lllKl:lBa 1 60JIblllOrO .n:l:laMeTpa l:l peMHeM 4 OT lllKl:lBa 2 MeHb-
lllero lI.HaMeTpa. PeMHl:l npoxo.n:HT Ilepe3 OKHa OTBO.n:Kl:l 7
MeXaHl:l3M BbInOJIHHeT cJIe.n:yIOlltIfe cpYHKlJ.l:ll:l:
npll nYCKe Mallll:lHbI B pa60TY peMeHb 3 nepeBo.n:HTCH C XOJIOCTOro
lllKl:lBa 5 Ha pa60'll:lH lllKl:lB 25 (CM. pac. 168, I),
3a HeCKOJIbKO 060pOTOB nepelI. OCTaHOBOM nepeBo.n:l:lT Mallll:lI-IY Ha
B.n:Boe "feI-IblllYlo CKOpOCTb;
aBTOM3TI1'leCKH BblKJIIOl.JaeT MalllHIIY nOCJIe H3rOTOB.'1eHHH neTJIH l:l
cTonopHT rJIaBHbIl1 BaJI B onpe.n:eJIeHHOM nOJIOmeHl:ll:l.
,.QJIH BKJIIO'leHl:lH Mallll:lHbI Haml:lMalOT Ha npaByIO ne,'l:aJIb. Opl:l
3TOM pbI'lar BKJIIOIleHl:lH .n:aBl:lT Ha BbIcTyn 17 nYCKoBoro pbI'lara 14
(no CTpeJIKe P) OYCKOBOH pbI'lar, nOBOpal.JlIBaHCb Ha lllapHHpe 15,
npH nO;\Wlltl:l COelI.l:lHl:lTeJIbHOrO 3BeHa 13 OTBO.n:l:lT pbI'lar OTBO.n:Kl:l, no-
BOpa'lIIBaH ero BOKpyr lllapHHpa 11, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pl:lc. 168, I
PeMeHb 3 nepeBOlI.HTCH Ha pa60Ill:lII lllKl:lB 25.
KYJIa'lKl:l 16 Ha Hl:lmHl:lX KOI-IlJ.aX pbl'lara OTBO.n:Kl:l II nycKoBoro PbI-
'lara ynIfpaloTCH npH 3TOM B BbJCTynbJ 29 l:l 30 nJIaCTl:lHbJ 18 pbI'lara
BbJKJIIOIleHl:lH 19. CTonopHaH cepbra 26 o.n:HoBpeMeHHo BbIXO!l.HT l:l3 na-
3a KYJIa'lKa u OCTaHOBa }J oCBo60m.n:aeT rJIaBHbIi'I BaJI Mallll:lI-IbI.
r JIaBI-IbIIl BaJI Ha'lJIHaeT BpalltaTbCH C IlacToTolI 2000 06/II1I-I.
Opl:l TaKOM nOJIOmeHHII OTBO.n:Kl:l npoH3Bo.n:IfTCH 06MeTKa JIeBOH
KpOIKII neTJIl1, l:l3roTOBJIHeTCH nepB3H 3aKpenKa II 06MeTbIBaeTcH npa-
BaH KpO1Ka neTJIl:l.
Ha ;;.eBoM KOHlJ.e pbl'lara BbJKJIIO'leHIfH 19 .n:BYMH DHHTaMH 3aKpen-
JIeHa COOal.JKa 21 C na30M .n:JIH perYJIIIpOBKl:l.
Opn l:l3rOTOBJIeHHH BTOpOi'I 3aKpenKl:l 3a 10-12 060pOTOB .n:o OCTa-
HOBa KYJIa'lOK BbIKJIlO'leHl:lH 20, pacno.1JOmeI-IHbJH Ha .n:l:lCKe no.n:a'lH no..'!:-
XO.n:HT CBOl:lM 3y60M K cpacKe 28 c06a'lJ<I:I 21 (pl:lc. 168, 1/, a) H TBO-
.n:l:lT l.JaCTl:l'lHO pbIIlar BbIKJIIOl.JeHl:lH HaCTOJIbKO, 'lTO KYJIa'lOK 16 pbI'lara
OTBO!l.KH COCKaKHBaeT C MaJIOrO BbIcTyna 29 nJIaCTl:lHbl 18 (p l:lC 168
It 6) . ,
OTBo.n:Ka nolI. .n:ei'lcTBIIeM npyml:lHbJ 8 OTXO.n:HT Bnepe.n: (K cpPOHTY
MalllIlHbI) II CTaHOBl:lTCH B nOJIOmeHl:le, nOKa3aHHoe Ha pHC. 168, 1/
B pe3¥JIbTaTe 3Toro peMeHb 3 C pa60'lero lllKHBa 25 nepexo.n:l:lT Ha xo-
JIOCTOH 5, a peMeHb 4, HMelOlltl:lIf B 2 pa3a MeHblllYIO CKOpOCTb, 'leM
peMeHb 3, nepexo.n:l:lT C XOJIOCTOro lllKHBa 5 I-Ia pa60'll:lJI lllKHB 24. Ma-
llll:lI-Ia nepeKJIIOl.JaeTCH Ha YMeHbllleHHoe 'll:lCJIO 060pOTOB BpallteH!IH
rJIaBHOrO BaJIa.
B TaKOM nOJIOmeHl:lH pbI'lar
13 y.n:epml:lBaeTCH nYCKoBbIM
OTBO.n:KH l.Jepe3 -coe.n:HHHTeJIbHOe 3BeI-I0
pbI'larOM Ha 60JIbIIIOM BbIcTyne 30
245

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flJIaCTIIHbI 18. .rr.JI5I :)Toil l.leJII1 B coe.n:HHIfTeJIbHOM 3BeHe 13 I1MeeTC5I
npOlI.OJIbHOe OKHO.
Ha pI1C, 168, I pbIlJar OTBO.n:KI1 7 Y1I.ep>KllBaeTC5I KYJIalJKOM 16, a B
nOJIO}[{emHl 168, II UlapHI1p 23 ynI1paeTC5I B JIeBYIo CTeHKY OKHa 3BeHa
13 II Te:\1 caMbIM y.n:ep>KIIBaeT OTBOlI.KY
MO;\leHT BbIKJIIOlJeHII5I MaUlIIHbl nOKa3aH Ha pliC. 168, II I, a. Ky-
JIalJOK BbIK.'lIOlJeHII5I 20 OTBOlI.UT CBOIIM 3y60M pbllJar BbIKJIlOlJeHII5I 19
HaCTOJIbKO, lJTO KYJIalJOK 16 nycKoBoro pbllJara 14 (pIiC. 168, III, 6)
COCKaKIfBaeT C 60JIbUlOro BblcTyna 30 II nycKoBoH pbIlJar nolI. .n:eilcT-
BlieM npY>KUHbI nepeMeaeTC5I Bnepe.n:; BMeCTe C HIIM OTXO.n:IIT BnepelI.
(K cppOHTY MaUlIIHbl) II OTBo.n:Ka 7 (pIiC. 168, III), 06a peMH5I nepe-
XO.n:51T IIa XOJIOCTbIe UlKIfBbI.
Opll OCTaHOBe MaUlIIHbI npollcxo.n:IIT TOpMO>KeHlle rJIaBHOrO BaJIa 3a
ClJeT pa60TbI npY>KIIHHOrO aMopTlI3aTopa. CTOnOpHa51 cepbra 26 BXO-
.D.IIT B 3TO BpeMH B na3 KyJIalJKa OCTaHOBa, KOTOpbIH no IIHepl.lll1l nOBO-
pa'lIlBaeT-CH, lJTO 3aCTaBJIHeT npY>KIIHY aMopTH3aTopa C>KIIMaTbCH, no-
rJIoruaH 3Heprmo y.n.apa.
Opll TOpMO>KeHIIII rJIaBHblH }3aJI no IIHepl.lll1l OTXO.n:IIT Ha HeKoTopbul
yroJI OT cBoero cTonopHoro nOJIO>KeHIIH, HO no.n: .n.eHcTBlieM npy>KH-
Hbl 27 B03BpaaeTcH 06paTHo.
B 3a.n:HIOIO CTeHKY PyKaBa BBepHYT ynop 10, B KOTOpblH II ynrl-
palOTcfI pbllJar OTBO.n:KII II coe.n:IIHIITeJIbHOe 3BeHO 13 npll BbIKJHO-
lJeHIIH.
.rr.JIH BbIKJIIO'leHl:l51 MaUlIIHbl BPYlJHYIO B cJIYlJae 06pbIBa HIITKII llJIIi
nOJIOMI<II HrJIbI He06xo.D.IIMO pbllJar 3a PYKOHTKY 22 (CM. pI1c. 168, I)
OTTHHYTb Ha ce6H 2 pa3a. OpI1 nepBoM OTTHrHBaHIIII pbl'lara MaUlIiHa
6y.n:eT nepeBe.n:eHa Ha nOHII>KeHHOe lJIICJIO 060pOTOB. 3aTeM pbI'lar He-
06XOlI.IIMO OTnYCTl-lTb. Oo.n: .n:eHcTBlieM npY>KIIHbI 9 OH oToil.n:eT B I:1C-
xo.n:Hoe nO.TIO>KeHlle. Opll BTOplllJHOM OTTHrllBaHIIII pyKOHTKI:1 npoll30ii-
.n:eT 'BblKJIIOlJeHlle MaUlI:1Hbl.
Per y JI II P 0 B K a M e x a H II 3 M a. MexaHH3M BKJIIO'leHHH Jr OC-
TaHOBKH MaUlI:1HbI .n:OJI>KeH 6bITb oTperyJIHpOBaH TaK, lJT06bI OTBO,!I.Ka 7
no BpeMH pa60TbI MaUlHHbI 3aHliMaJIa TPH YKa3aHHblx BbIUle nOJIO>Ke-
HUH.
OOJIO}[{eHlle OTBOlI.KI:1 npll OCTaHOBe MaUlUHbI perYJIllpyeTcH yno-
pOM 10 TaK, lJTo6bI 06a peMHH Haxo.n:UJII:1Cb Ha XOJIOCTbIX UlKI:1Bax.
OOJIO>KeHlle OTBO.n:KU B MOMeHT BKJIIO'leHUH MaUlI:1Hbl II nepeKJIIO-
lJeHUH Ha nOHI:1>KeHHOe lJIICJIO 060pOTOB perYJII:1pyeTcH I:13MeHeHI:1eM no-
JIO>KCHlIH KYJIalJKOB 16 Ha pbIlJaraX 12 II 14. CMeeHueM KYJIalJKa Ha
pbI'larC 12 perYJII:1pyeTcH nOJIO>KeHl:le OTBO.n:KI:1 B MOMeHT, Kor.n:a MaUlI:1-
IIa nycKaeTcH B pa60TY II peMeHb 3 nepeBo.n:uTcH Ha 3a.n:HI:1H pa60lJlliI
· UlKI:1B.
ECJIU KYJIalJOK Ha pbIlJare OTBO.n:KI:1 nOlI.HIIMaTb, TO OTBOlI.Ka peMHH
6y.n:eT CMeaTbCH BnpaBO, eCJII:1 >Ke onYCKaTb, TO BJIeBO.
KYJIalJKoM 15 Ha nycKoBoM pbI'lare 14 perYJII:1pyeTcH nOJIO>KeHI:1e
OTBOlI.KII npH aBTOMaTI:1lJeCKOM nepeKJIlOlJeHI:1H MaUlHHbI Ha nOHII>KeH-
Hoe lJUCJIO 060pOTOB nepe.n: OCTaHOBOM (CM. pHC. 168, I) ECJIH KyJIa-
lJOK no.n:HHTb, TO OTBo.n:Ka CMeCTlITCH nnpaBO, eCJIIi >Ke onYCTl:lTb, TO
BJIeBO.

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247

BpeM5I BblKJIlOlIeHl:lH MallIl:IHbI H3MeHHeTCH nepeMel.l{eHl:IeM c06allKI:l
21 Ha pbllJare BblKJIlOlJaTeJIH 19. ECJIl:I c06allKY 21 CMeCTl:ITb BnpaBo
Ha pbIlJare BbIKJIIOlJeHl:IH, TO 3y6, BbIKJIIOlJalOl.l{l:IH C06alJKY 20, no1I.oi':I-
1I.eT K HeH paHbllIe, a CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, I:l paHbllIe npoH30H.n:eT BbIKJIIO-
lIeHl:Ie MallIHHbI. Opl:I CMel.l{eHHH C06alJKH 21 BJIeBO BbIKJIIOlJeHHe MallIl:l-
HbI 6y.n:eT npol:lCX01I.l:ITb n03>Ke.
MexaHH3M o6pe3KH BepxHeii mtTKH, nOcJIe 1:l3rOTOBJIeHIIH neTJIH
He06xo1I.J:I:\10 06pe3aTb BepxHlO1O HHTKY A. LlJIH :noro B MallIl:IHe HMe-
eTCH cnel.{l:laJIbIIblH MexaHH3M (pHC. 169, a, 6, B) 3TOT MexaHH3M BbI-
nOJIHHeT CJIe.n:YlOl.l{l:Ie CPYHKl.{HH: 06pe3aeT BepXHlO1O HHTKY; 3al.l{eMJIHeT
KOIIel.{ BepXHeI:l Hl:ITKl:I I:l y.n:ep>Kl:IBaeT era npl:I HallaJIe 06MeTbIBaHHH
neTJIl:I; nOCJIe 06pe3Kl:I HHTKH OTBOAl:IT HO>Kl:I Ha3a.n:, lJT06bI OHl:I He 3a-
1I.eBaJIl:I 3a HrJIY npH no.n:'beMe Ha>KHMaTeJIH TKaHH; OTBO.n:HT HO>KH npH
nYCKe MallIHHbI B pa60TY Ha3a.n: OT HrJIbl Ha 6-7 MM TaK, lJT06bI KOHel.{
Hl:ITKH paCnOJIO>KHJICH nocepe.n:I:lHe JIeBOH KpOMKl:I neTJIJ:I; pacKpbIBaeT
HO>KH nOCJIe HeCKOJIbKHX YKOJIOB I:lr JIbI H oCB060>K.n:aeT KOHel.{ BepxHeH
HHTKl:I, KOTOpbIH 3allIl:IBaeTCH B JIeBYIO KpOi\IKY neTJIH.
I1CnOJIHHlOl.l{HM opraHoM MeXaH1:I3Ma 06pe3KH BepxHeH HIITKl:I B-
JIHIOTCH HO>Kl:I, KOTopbIe no cBoeH KOHCTPyKl.{l:Il:I 6JIH3Kl:I K HO>KHl:Il.{aM.
3TOT MexaHH3M npe.n:cTaBJIHeT C060H 1I.ep>KaTeJIb 8 HO>Ka (CM. pHC.
169, 6), HMelOI.l{erO pe>KYI.l{YIO KPOMKY 13; cBepxy Ha llIapHHpHoM BHH-
Te 11 K .n:ep>KaTeJIIO HO>Ka KpenHTcH BepxHHH HO>K 7, HMelOl.l{I1H B ne-
pe.n: HeH lJaCTJ:l pe>KYI.l{YIO KpOMKy 12; cBepxy Ha.n:eBaeTCH Ha IlInl:IJIbKY 9
H KpenI:lTCH BHHTOM 3a>KHMHaH nJIOCKaH npy>KHHa 10; KOHel.{ 14 npy-
>KHHbI 3anOJIl:IpOBaH H oTorHYT BH1:I3 .n:JIH 06eCnelJeHHH 3a>KHMa HHTKH
(CM. pl:Ic. 169, B)
Ha pl:Ic. 169, B .n:JIH HarJI5I.n:HOCTH nJIOCKaH npy>KHHa CHHTa. CnJIollI-
HbIMH JIHHIIHMH YKa3aHbI HO>KH B paCKpbITOM COCTOHHl:IH. Me>KAY HX
pe>KYI.l{HMH KpOMKaMl:I .n:OJI>KHa npoxoD.HTb BepXH5IH HHTKa. OpH Ha-
>KHMe Ha KYJIalJOK 6 BepxHHH HO>K 7 nOBepHeTC5I Ha llIapHHpe 11 H pe-
>KYl.l{aH KpoMKa 12 nepeMecTHTcH BnpaBo, KaK nOKa3aHO nYHKTHpOM.
BHalJaJIe npoHcxo.n:HT 3al.l{eMJIeHHe Hl:ITKH Me>K.n:y KOHl.{OM 14 nJIOCKOH
npY>KHHbI H rpaHbIo BepxHero HO>Ka. Opl:I .n:aJIbHeI!llIeM .n:Bl:I>KeHHH pe-
>KYllla51 KpoMKa 12 conpHKacaeTcH C KpOMKOH 13 H npoHcxo.n:HT 06-
pe3Ka Hl:ITKl:I.
lv\exaIIH3M 06pe3Kl:I BepxHeil Hl:ITKH HMeeT cJIe.n:Ylolllee YCTPOHCTBO
(C:\1. pl:Ic. 169, B) pbl'Iar 1, Ha nepe.n:neM KOIIl.{e KOToporo KpenHTcH
.1ep>KaTe.lb HO>Ka 8, npH aBTOMaTl:IlIeCKOM BblKJIlOlJeHHl:I MallIl:IHbI nOlI
,'I:eHCTBHeM npY>Kl:IHbI nepeMelllaeTcH BnepeD.. BMeCTe C Hl:IM nepeMe-
lllalOTCH II HO>KH B OTKpblTOM COCTOHHl:IH I:l CTaHOBHTCH npOTl:IB BepxHeH
H 1:I TIm.
Opll Ha)KHMe Ha ne.n:aJIb .n:JIH no.n:'beMa Ha>KHMaTeJIH TKaHH pblllar
23 nOBOpalJHBaeTCH BOKpyr llIapHl:Ipa 24, ero nepe.n:HHH KOHel.{ 17,onyc-
KaHCb HaKJIOHHOi:l nJIOCKOCTblO, OTBO.n:l:IT pbIlJar 26 BJIeBO H Te:\1 caMbl'M
np01:I3Bo.n:HT nOBopoT pbllJara 1 BOKpyr llIapHHpa 15 (npoTHB lJaCOBOH
CTpe.TIKl:I)
OepeD.Hl:III KOHel.{ pbIlJara 1 nepeMelllaeTcH BnpaBo. BMeCTe C HHM
nepeMelllalOTcH B pacKpbITOM nOJIO>KeHl:IH HO>KH .n:JIH 06pe3aH1:I5I Bepx-
HeI:l HHTKl:I. BepxH5I5I HHTKa nona.n.aeT Me>K.n:y pe>KYIllHMH KpOMKaMH.
248
8
a)
10
11
2
8
12  14
Gob
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1/ 4
12-
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8)
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0)
PHC. 169. MexaHH3M 06pe3KH BepxHeH HHTK":
a-cxeMa; 6. B-npulIl\IID pa60Tbi

06pe3Ka HlnKHeH III:ITKl:l npOHCXO.n:l:lT TaK>Ke npl:l nO.n:'beMe Ha>KI:IMa-
TeJISI TI<aHIf (JIanKl:l). fIpl:l Ha>KI:IMe Ha JIeBYIO ne1l.aJIb nepe.n:Hee nJIeIlO
pbrlJara 2 (CM. TaK>Ke pbIIlar 23, pl:lc. 169) onycKaeTCH l:l HaKJIOHHOII
nJIOCIWCTblO nOBOpaIlI:IBaeT yrJIOBOH pbIIlar 1 no lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKe. Pbl-
Ilar 1 lJepe3 THry 3 nOBOpalIl:lBaeT i<alJalOw.l:liicH BaJI 5 no lJacoBoii
CTpeJIKe l:l lJepe3 COe1I.JIHI:ITeJIbHOe 3BeHO 6 co06w.aeT .n:Bl:l>KeHl:le .n:ep>Ka-
TeJIIO 11 (OTHOCI:ITeJIbHO lllap-
Hl:lpa 12) C OTBO.n:lJI:IKOM HI:ITKl:l
16 l:l no.n:Bl:l>KHbIM HO>KOM 15. OT-
B01l.lJI:IK 16 npl:l .n:BH>KeHl:ll:l no Ha-
npaBJIHIOIlteii 17 BbITHfIfBaeT
HIITKY 113 lllnYJIbHOrO KOJInaQKa
JI C03,!I.aeT 3anac ee .n:JIH 06pa30-
BaHI:IH CTe>KKa npl:l BbInOJIH'::H'fI{
CJIe.n:VIOIu.er"J neT JIl:l. fI01l.Bl:l>KHbIil
HO>K -15 ImeeT pe>KYIltylO KPOMKY
II n01l.BO,!I.HT HII>KHIOIO HHTKY K
Heno,J,BIDKHOMY HO>KY 9, a 3aTeM
06pe3aeT HIITKY
17
fIocJIe 06pe3Kl:l HH>KHeH HHT-
KIf CB060.n:HbIH KOHeLl ee CBJICa-
eT co lllnYJIbHOrO KOJInaIlKa. 16
fIpl:l nYCKe MalllHHbI B pa60TY
BepXIIHH nl:lTKa BbrTaCKJIBaeT 15
cB060.n:HbIir KOHeLl HH>KHeH HHT-
Kl:l BBepx II 3THM 06ecneIlHBaeT 14
06pa30BaHHe CTe>KKa.
CB0601l.HbIH KOHeLl HH>KHeH
HHTKH .n:0.1>KeH BblcTynaTb Ha.n:
II roJIbHOil nJIaCTI:IHOH Ha 6- 12
7MM.
Per Y JI H P 0 B K a Me x a-
H H 3 M a. B KpaimeM npaBOM no-
JIO>KeHlm B MOMeHT 06pe3Kl:l
HII>KHeH HIITKH pe>Kj'IltaH KpOMKa
no.n:Bl:l>KHOrO HO>Ka 15 .n:OJI>KHa nepeKpblBaTb pe>KYIltylO KPOMKY Heno-
.n:BH>KHOrO HO>Ka 9 Ha 1-2 MM. PerYJIHpOBKa nOJIO>KeHIIH HO>Ka 15
06eCnelJIfBaeTCH cooTBeTcTBYIOIlteH YCTaHOBKOf! KOpOMbICJIa 7 Ha Ka-
IlalOIlteMCH BaJIY 5.
YCTpoHcTBo OCTaJIbHbIX MeXaHl-l3MOB MalllHHbI HeCJIO>KHOe l:l I:IMeeT
I\moro 06Iltero C YCTPOHCTBOM MeXaHI-I3MOB Y>Ke paccMoTpeHHbIx pa-
Hee MalllHH.
K JIalJOK 6 npH .lI.BH>Kem:IH HO>Ka BnpaBo ynl:lpaeTCH B. npaBYlo cTeHKY
4 YJIaqKa 2 (CM. pHC. 169, 6), 6JIaro.n:apH IleMY np0I:ICxo.n:UT nOBopoT
BepxHero HO>Ka BOKpyr lllapHHpa 11, a CJIe1l.0BaTeJIbHO, l:l 06pe3Ka
HHTKH, KaK Onl:lCaHO BbIllle.
OTBOJI. HO>KeH OT l:lrJIbI Ha 2-2,5 MM npOHcxo.n:HT CJIe1l.YIOIltl:lM 06-
pa30M. fIpl:l no.n:'beMe Ha>KI:IMaTeJIH TKalIl:l 3a.n:HI:IH KOHeLl 25 pbrIlara 2.1
no.n:HI:IMaeTCH H, Ha>KI:IMaH Ha HaKJIOHHYIO nJIOCKOCTb yrJIOBOrO pblIlara
22, 3aCTaBJIHeT ero nOBepHYTbcH Ha oeeBof! lllnl:lJIbKe. BMeCTe C HHM
nOBOpalJIlBaeTCH l:l yrJIOBOH pbIlJar 19, KOTOpblH OTBO.n:IIT THry 18 Ha-
3a1l.. BMe-CTe C KOTOpOH OTXO.n:HT l:l HO>Kl:l.
fIpl:l nycKe Mallll:lHbl B pa60TY nycKoBoH pbIlJar OTBO.n:IIT coe.n:l:lHH-
TeJIbHOe 3BeHO 21 Ha3a1l.. BepXHI:IH BbIcTyn 20 3BeHa nOBOpalJHBaeT
yrJIoBofI pbIIlar 19 l:l TaKI:IM 06pa30M OTBO.n:l:lT HO>Kl:l Ha3a.n: Ha 6-7 MM.
THra 18 COCTOI:IT If3 1I.BYX lJaCTeH, l:l ee .n:JII:IHY MO>KHO perymrpoBaTb.
hOH perYJIl:lpOBKOiI YCTaHa-BJII:IBaIOT HO>Kl:l TaKI:IM 06pa30l\1, lIT06b1 ....
npl:l 06pe3Ke HI:ITKa nona.n:aJIa Me>K.n:y pe>KYIltl:lMH KpOMKaMJI.
fIpl:l nycKe Mallll:lHbI B pa60TY pbIlJar 27 Ha>KI:IMaTeJIH TKaHII 6y.n:eT
nepeMeIltaTbcH Bnepe.n:, Ha pa60TalOIltero. fIocJIe HeCKOJIbKI:IX YKOJIOB
l:lrJIbI KYJIaIlOK 2, npHI<penJIeHHbIH K pbllJary Ha>KI:IMaTeJIH TKaHl:l, no-
.n:ou.n:eT K nepe.n:HeMY KOHLlY pbIlJara 1 JI cBoeH HaKJIOHHOH nJIOCKO-
CTblO 3 6y.n:eT OTB01l.HTb pbIIlar 1, a BMeCTe C HJIM II HO>K BJIeBO. fIpM
3TOM KYJIalJOK 6 BepxHero H{)>Ka 6y.n:eT ynHpaTbcH B JIeBYlO cTeHKY 5,
3aCTaBI:IT HO>Kl:l pacKpbITbCH JI oCBo60.n:l:lTb KOHeLl BepxHeI"r HHTKII. Ko-
Hell BepxHeH HI:ITKII 6y.n:eT 3allll:lT B JIeBYIO KPOMKY neTJIJI.
.rr.JIH 06eCneIleHI:IH HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI HO>KeH He06xo1l.1:1MO:
OTperYJIl:lpOBaTb npe.n:Bapl:lTeJIbHOe HaTH>KeHl:le HI:ITKl:l; eC.'1I1 HaTH-
>KeHl:le CJIHlllKOM 60JIblllOe, TO HI:ITKa 6YJI.eT BbICKaKHBaTb 1-13 HO-
>KeA;
npl:l OCTaHOBKe MalllHHbI Ha .n:HCKe 2 (CM. pl:lc. 165) 3aKpenl:lTb KY-
JIaIlOK TaK, lJT06bI OH oCB060>K.n:aJI perYJIHTOp OCHOBHoro HaTH>KeHI:IH
BepxHeH HHTKl:l.
Per Y JI H P 0 B K a Me x a H l:l 3 M a. 113MeHeHHe nOJIO>KeHl!H HO-
>KeH no BbI-COTe npOH3Bo.n:l:lTCH Cl\leIlteHMel\l .n:ep>KaTeJIH 8 Ha pbIlJare 1
BBepx l:lJIl:l BH1:l3.
fIOJIO>KeHl:le HO>KeH no HIfTKe MO>KHO 1:13MeHHTb y.n:JIHHeHJIeM l:lJIII
YKopOlJeHJIeM THrl:l 18, .n:JIH Ilero npe.n:Bapl:lTeJIbHO OCJIa6JIHIOT 'BHHTbI 16
(CM. pl:lc. 169).
MeXaHI-I3M o6pe3KI-I HI-I>KHeH HI-ITKH, B nOCJIe1l.HHX cepmlx l\IalllHIf
MeXaH1:l3M 06pe3KH HH>KHeH HI:ITKl:l HeCKOJIbKO 1:131\IeHeH no cpaBHeHl:l1O
C MeXaH1:l31\IOM, BbInycKaeMbIM paHee Ha Mallll:lHaX, H 1:ll\1eeT cJIe.n:ylO-
w.ee YCTpoilCTBO (pJIc. 170).
PbIIlar (.n:ep>KaTeJIb) 11 lllapHl:lpHbIl\! BI:IHTOM 12 KpenJITCH CH1:l3Y K
l:lrOJIbHOH nJIaCTI:IHe 13. Ha KOHLle .n:ep>KaTeJIH 11 .n:BYMH BIIHTaMH '10
Kpenl:lTCH n01l.Bl:l>KHbIH HO>K 15 II OTBO.n:lJI:IK HI:ITKl:l 16. CnpaBa Ha HrOJIb-
Horf nJIaCTI:IHe .n:BYMH BI:IHTaMl:l 8 3aKpenJIeH Heno.n:BJI>KHbIH HO}l< 9.
K 1I.ep>KaTeJIlO 11 lllapoBbIM BHHTOM 14 npHKpenJIeHO coe.n:IIHI:ITeJIb-
Hoe 3BeHO 6, BTopaH roJIOBKa KOTopora lllapHIrpHo coe.n:HHena C KOpO-
MblCJIOM 7 KalJalOIltero BaJIa 5. .rr.pyroe KOpOMbICJIO 4 :Horo Ba.'1a coe-
.n:l:lHeHO THrolI 3 C yrJIOBblM pblIlaroM 1.
250
2
I
i-J
I
I
I
i
1J
4
---8
9
...-6
10
11
PHC. 170. CxeMa MeX1IHH3Ma
HH>KHeii HHr"-H
06pe3KH

Pa3,qen BTOpOH
WBEV1HbIE MAWIlfHbl ,D,Jl Ll.EnHbIX CTP04EK
r naB a XI
lllBEffHblE MAllHIHbl,
BbInOJIH5IIOlll.ME Ll.EnHbIE CTPOIJKM
4CJ1HO'-IHbI1 CTe>KOK C'-IHTaeTCH HepacnycKaIOIIU-IMcH. LlcnHbIe
CTe>KKII MorYT pacnycKaTbcH.
lllBeIHble MalilHHbl, BbIIlOJIHHlOlIU:le LlenHYIO CTPOqKY, Hal:lOOJIee IIII-!-
pOKoe npHMeHeHI-Ie HalilJIH B TpHKOTa>KHO1 npOMbIlilJIeHHOCTH, r.n:e Tpe-
oyeTcH 3JIaCTJ-IqHaH, XOpOlilO paCTHrHBaIOI.l.laHCH CTpOqKa. 3a pyoe-
mOM LlenHaH CTpO'-IKa npHMeHHeTCH H B lilBeHIIOH npOMbllilJIeHHOCTH.
.rr.BYXHI:lTO'-IHO1 l.lcneOOpa3HOH CTpO'-IKoi-'! lilbIOT, KaK npaBl-lJIO, 1\1a-
llIJ:lHbI, npHMeHHlOlllHeCH .n:JIH 'lilHTbH TKaHbIX J:lJIH oYMa>KHbIX MelilKOB
II .n:JIH HX 3aIIIHBKH nOCJIe HanOJIHeHHfl CbIIlY'-IHMH MaTepJ:laJIaMH.
B OOJIblilHHCTBe MalilHH, BbInOJIHHIOlllJ:lX LlenHbIe CTpO'-IKH, npH ne-
peMeI.l.leHJ:lH HrJIbI CKB03b CIllHBaeMbIH MaTepHaJI npOHCXO,!I.HT COKpa-
I.l.leHHe npe1I.bI1I.YllleH neTJIH HrOJIbHOH HHTKH. 4TOObI neTJIH He 3a)I\HMa-
.'!aCb, D HrOJIbHOII nJIaCTHHe H JIam<e OKHa .n:eJIaIOTCH npO,!I.OJIbHbIMH.
TaK KaK HHTKa co CTOpOHbI KOpOTKO1 BeTBH neTJIH B 3TO BpeMH TaKe
nepe:\1elllaeTcH, TO HrJIbI HMeIOT .n:Ba .n:JIHHHbIX >KeJIOOKa: O.n:HH MeJIKHH,
.J.pyrO1 r JIyGOKHL r JIYOOKH:l >KeJIOOOK aHaJIOrH'-IeH .n:JIJ:lHHO:vry >KeJIOO-
KY Hr JIbl '-IeJIHoqHOH MalilHHbI. KopOTKaH BeTBb neT JIH pacnOJIaraeTCH
CO CTOpOHbl 1\1eJIKOrO >KeJIOOKa. C 3TOH CTOpOHbI .n:OJI>KeH nO,!I.xo.n:HTb K
HrJIe H neTJIHTeJIb. HHTKa B YlilKO HrJIbl 3anpaBJIHeTCH CO CTOpOHbI rJIY-
60Koro >KeJIOOKa.
4TOObI BbIHCHHTb npHHl.lJ:ln paOOTbI H Ha'!.Ha'-IeHJle OT1I.e.,'IbHbIX 3JIe-
IeHTOB H MexaHH3MOB MaIllJ:lH, BbIIlOJIHHlOlllHX LlenHbIe CTPOqKH, Heoo-
:\:O,'l:H:\1O paCCMOTpeTb KOHCTPYKl.lHH LlenHbIX CTe>KKOB H npOLleCCbI HX
1I0JIY'-IeHI:lH (cxeMY pa3JIH'-IHbIX CTe>KKOB Cl\I. npJ:lJIO>KeHHe I)
1. Ha3Ha'-IeHHe MaIllHH H npl-lHLlHn HX pa60Tbi
Ha IllBelIHbIx MallIHHax, BbIIlOJIHHlOllll-IX LlenHbIe CTpO'-IKH, MO)l{HO
nOJIY'-IHTb 01I. H OHI-ITOqHY.IO, JI.BYXHHTO'-IHYIO 1-1 MHOrOHJ:lTO'-IHYIO CTpO'-IKH.
LlenHbIe CTPOqKH cYlllecTBeHHo OTJIJ:l'-IaIOTCH OT H3BeCTHO:l HaM
.n:BYXHHTO'-IHOi'1 '-IeJIHO'-IHOii CTpO'-IKH. nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK B '-IeJIHOqHOM
CTe)l{Ke npOJ:lCXOJlI-IT HOpMaJIbHO B cepe.n:HHe CllIHBaeMbIX MaTepHaJIOB;
'-IeJIHO'-IHaH CTpOqKa C JIHLleBO1 1-1 C HH)I{HeH CTOpOHbI ClilJ:lBaeMbIX MaTe-
plIaJIOB O,'l:IIHaKOBa.
B LlcnHbIX CTpOqKaX, HaqlIHaH C caMOH npOCTeIlileH O,'l:HOHHTOqHOH
(TaMOYPHofl), nepenJIeTeHHe HJ:lTOK npOHcxo.n:HT Ha O.n:HOH CTopOHe
CllIHBaeMbIX MaTepHaJIOB; BJ:l.n: CTpO'-IKlI Ha JIlILleBOH H HH)I{HeH CTopOHe
pa3JIlIqeH.
HanpH:vrep, npOCTaH 01I.HOHJ:lTOqHaH CTpO'-IKa (CM. plIC_ 6) C JIHLle-
Boii CTOpOHbI npe.n:CTaBJIHeT COOOH 06bIKHoBeHHYIO nYHKTl-lpHYIO JIIIHI-lIO,
no CBOei\IY BlI.n:y HHqeM He OTJIH'-IaIOlllYIOCH OT qeJIHO'-IHOH CTpO'-IKI-I; C
Hl:l)l{Heii CTOpOHbI OHa HMeeT xapaKTepHbIlI BI:l.n: LlenO'-IKH. .
4eJIHO'-IHbI1 CTe)l{OK He .n:onYCKaeT 3Ha'-IHTeJIbHOrO y.n:JII:lHeHiIH B.n:OJIb
CTpO'-IKH H n03TOMY HenplIeMJIeM npH CllIl-IBaHHH 3JIaCTUqHbIX 1\1aTepJ:la-
JIOB (HanpHMep, TpUKOTa)l{a) .rr.JIH nOJIY'-IeHHH qeJIHO'-IHOro CTe)l{Ka
JlJIJ:lHa BepXHeH HHTKH, KOTopaH npOX01I.HT '-Iepe3 YIllKO HrJIbI H 06BO.n:lIT-
CH qeJIHOKOM BOI<Pyr IllnYJIbKH, 3Ha'-IJ:lTeJIbHO 60JIbille .n:JIHHbI HlITKJ:l,
pacxo.n:ye:VIOII Ha CTe)l{OK. O.n:I:IH II TOT )I{C yqaCTOK HlITKlI HeCKOJIbKO
pa3 npoxo.n:HT qepe3 YlliKO HrJIbI, H3-3a qero BepXHHH HlITKa B 3Ha'-IH-
TeJIbHOH 'cTeneHlI TepHeT CBDIO npO'-IHOCTb. B M a III J:lH ax, BbInOJIHHIOI.l.llIX
l.lenHYIO CTpO'-IKY, .n:JIHHa HJ:lTKH, Y'-IaCTBYlOlllCI) B oopa30BaHHH CTe)l{Ka,
KOpO'-Ie II II:vreeT :vreHbllle neperlI60B. nOTepH ee npO'-IHOCTI-I CpaBHp.-
TeJIbHO HeBeJII:lK3.
Ha nepe3apH.n:KY llInYJIbKH B MaIllUHax qeJIHO'-IHOrO Tl-lna TpaTHTCH
Bpel\IH. B MallIl:lHaX, BbInOJIHHIOIltlIX LlenHYIO CTpO'-IKY, IllnYJIbKlI HeT, 1-1
HlITKH OT 606HHbI (c 60JIbllIJ:lM 3anaCOM) 3anpaBJIHIOTCH B neTJIlITeJIH
H I-IrJIY, '-ITO oc06eHHO Da)l{HO .n:JIH MalilIIH-aBTOMaTOB. \
Pacxo.n: HJiTOK .n:JIH nOJIyqeHJI5I O,'l:HOHJ-ITOqHOrO LlenHoro CTe)KKa npH-
MepHO Ha 60 % OOJIbllIe pacxo.n:a HJITOK .n:JIH nOJIY'-IenHH qeJIJIO'-IHOrO
CTe)l{Ka. .rr.JIH .n:BYXHJ:lTOqHOrO LlenHoro CTe)f<Ka pacxo.n: HlITOK no cpaB-
HeHI-lIO C '-Ie.1HOqHbIM CTe)l{KOM YBeJIlI'-IHBaeTCH .n:o 2,3 pa3a.
252
2. npHHLlHn o6pa30BaHHH LlenHblX CTe)l{KOB
O.n:HOHl-:lTOIJHbIH LlenHoM CTe)l{OK, CaMbIM npocTblM HBJIHeTCH O.n:HO-
HHTO'-IHbIH l.lenHOH CTe)l{OK (CM. pHC. 6). KaK nO'Ka3bIBaeT caMO Ha3Ba-
HHe, CTe)l{OK oopa3yeTcH O.n:HOH BepXHe11 HI-ITKOif, KOTopaH 3anpaBJIH-
eTCH '-Iepe3 YIIIKO lIrJIbI. no KOHCTPYKLlHH 1-1 cnocooy oopa30BaHHH O-
HOHHTO'-IHbIH LlenHOH CTeMOK COBepllIeHHO He noxo)l{ Ha '-IeJIHO'-IHbIH.
BMeCTO nOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHOrO nepenJIeTeHHH BepXHeH 1-1 Hl-I)I{HeU HHTOK B
cepe.n:HHe ClilHBaeMblX MaTepHaJIOB 31I.eCb HMeeTCH nOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHOCT
neTeJIb, BXOJJ.HI.l.lHX 01I!Ha B .n:PyryIO 1-1 nepenJIeTalOIltHxCH Ha Hl:DKHeH
cTopoHe MaTepHaJIa. PaCCMaTplIBaH cxeMY CTe)l{Ka, MO>KHO 3aMenITb,
'-ITO OH JIerKO pacnycKaeTCH.
4TOObI He .n:onYCTlITb pacnYCKaHI:lH CTpO'-IKH, KOHeLl HJ:lTKlI Heooxo-
.iI.mIO npOBeCTlI CKB03b nOCJIe,'l:HlOlO neTJIIO, KaK YKa3aHO nYHKTI:lpHblMH
JIHHHHMH.
JJerKaH pacnYCKaeMOCTb O.n:HOHI:lTO'-IHOro LlenHoro CTe)I\Ka lIe .n:aeT
B03MO)l{HOCTH nplIMeHlITb ero .n:JIH 06bIKHOBeHHoro IllHTbH 06YBH JI.1I1-!
O.J.e>K1I.bl, HO OH O'-IeHb qaCTO nplIMCHHeTCH TaM, r,'l:e Tpe6yeTcH ClIII-!-
BaTb BpeMeHHOH JIerKO pacnYCKaIOllleHCH CTPOqKO:l, HanplIMep, KYCKlI
cyxoro I:lJIJ:l MOKporo MaTeplIaJIa B KpaCHJIbHbIX HJIlI OTOeJIoqHblX Llexax
TeKCTHJIbHbIX cpaopHK (IllBeHHble MallII:lHbI 235-ro H 66-ro K.1]aCjB
nl\i.3) B llIBeHIIofl npOMbIllIJIeHHOCTlI TaKOH CTe)l{OK nplIMeHHeTCH .n:JIH
BbIMeTO'-IHbIX pa60T, a TaK)l\e 1I.JIH IllHTbH rOJIOBHbIX y60pOB (r.n:e Lle-
nO'-IKa nOTOM oy.n:eT 3aKpbITa)
253

Nla, lllIIHbl BbmO.'lHHlOIiUle O.lI.HOHIITO'lHbIII CTe>KOK, npHMeHHIOTCH
nJiH npIflllI:lBKI:I nyrOBl:ll.ll:l 1:13rOTOBJIeHHH neTeJIb Ha 6eJIbe.
O..1HOHI:ITOllHbIH l.lenHoi'1 CTe>KOK nO,,1YllaeTCH B pe3YJIbTaTe COBMeCT-
HOi'1 pa60TbI HrJIbl l:l neTJII:ITeJIH.
KPIOllOK-neTJIl:ITeJIb B npOl.leCCe pa60TbI MO>KeT COBeplllaTb KOJle6a-
Te.'lbHOe l:lJIl:l BpaILlaTeJIbHOe .n:Bl:l>KeHl:le.
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a) 6) BJ e) 0) e)
PHC, 171. npol.lecc 06pa30BaHHH OAHOHHTO'iHOro CTe}f{Ka MalIlHHoH C Bpall.lalOlliHMcH
neTnHTeneM
.rr.JIH nOJIYlleHl:IH Ha HIuKHei'1 CTopOHe clllHBae:\fbIX MaTepHaJIOB He-
npepbIBHoro pH..'I.a CBH3aHHbIX Me>K.n:y C060i'i neTeJIb npOl.lecc .n:OJI>KeH
6bITb nOCTpoeH TaKI:IM 06pa30M, llT06bI Ka>K.n:aH HOBaH neTJIH npOBo.n:H-
'IaCb CKB03b npe.'l.bl.'l.YILlYIO_
.rr..'1H :Horo He06xo.n:l:lMO I:IMeTb .n:Ba YCJIOBI:IH:
nepBaH neTJIH He .n:OJI>KHa 3aTHrl:lBaTbCH .n:o Tex nop, nOKa BTopaH
HOBaH neTJIH, 06pa30BaBlllaHCH npl:l BTOpO:\1 npOKOJIe, He 6y.n:eT npo-
Be.n:eHa CKB03b nepBYIO neTJIIO;
BTopaH neTJIH J\lOrJIa 6blTb npOBe.'l.eHa 'lepe3 Hee 6e3 3aTpy.n: HemUT .
XapaKTepHbIe MOMeHTbl npOl.leCca 06pa30naHHH CTe>KKa Mallll:lHoii C
BpaILlaIOILlI:IMCH neTJII:ITeJIeM YKa3aHbI Ha pl:lC. 171.
254
MOMeHT I, HI:ITKa A OT KaTYlllKl:l npOBOJI.I:ITCH Me>K.n:y lllaii6aMH
1 perYJIHTOpa HaTH>KeHI:IH llepe3 OTBepCTJle HI:ITeHanpaBl:luTeJIH 2, 'lepe3
oTBepCTl:le 3 Ha BepxHeM KOHl.le l:lrJIOB01I.l:ITeJIH, KOTopbm BbmOJIHHeT
TaK>Ke pOJIb HI:ITenpl:lTHrl:lBaTeJIH, a 3aTeM B YlllKO Hr JIbI 4 (CM. pl:lC-
171, a). I1rJIa 4, npOKOJIOB MaTepl:laJI l:l npoBe.n:H CKB03b Hero HHTKY.
CHOBa no.n:HI:IMaeTCH BBepx, 06pa3YH OKOJIO YlllKa co CTOpOHbI KOPOT-
KOro >KeJI06Ka neTJIIO TaK >Ke, KaK l:l B lJeJIHO'lHbIX Mallll:lHaX (K - KO-
pOTKaH BeTBb neTJIl:l)
Oo.n:Ollle.n:lllHH B 3TO BpeMH K I1rJIe neTJII:ITeJIb 5 CBOI:IM HOCI:IKOM
BXO.n:l:lT B neT JIIO BepxHei'1 HHTKl:l.
MOMeHT II (CM. pIlC. 171,6). OeTJII:ITeJIb, BpalllalOILll:IHCH B Han-
paBJIeHl:ll:l nepeMeILleHI:IH MaTepl:laJIa, BbITHrl:lBaeT l:l Y1I.JIHHHeT neTJIIO,
KOTopaH COCKaJIb3bIBaeT C HOCI:IKa neTJIHTeJIH Ha cTe6eJIb.
MOMeHT III (CM. pl:lc. 171, B). MaTepl:laJI nepeMeCTJIJICH Bnepe.ll
Ha .n:JII:IHY CTe>KKa. OeTJIH, npOCKOJIb3HYBlllaH.n:0 OCHOBaHI:IH cTe6JIH
neTJII:ITeJIH, HaKJIOHHeTCH, npl:lHHMaH nOJIO>KeHl:le, y.n:06Hoe .n:.'1H npoxo-
.n:a CKB03b Hee l:lr JIbI.
4T06bI neTJIH He HaMeTbIB3JIaCb Ha OCb, C38,!I)1 neTJIUTe.1H YCTaHOB-
JIeHa lllaH6a 6. C npoTJmOnOJIO>KHOH CTOpOHbI HOCI:IKa I:IMeeTCH JIO-
naCTb 7
HaKJIOHHaH nJIOCKOCTb 8 JIOnaCTl:l HrpaeT O'leHb Ba>KHYIO pO.1b B
npOl.leCce 06Bo.n:a neTJIl:l OKOJIO neTJII:ITeJIH. aHa nepeBo.n.l:lT KOPOTKYIO
BeTBb neTJIl:l K, pacnOJIO>KeHHYIO B nOJIO>KeHI:IHX a l:l 6 C3a.n:H neTJII:ITe-
01151, Ha ero nepe.n:HIOIO CTOPOHY, KaK YKa3aHO B nOJIO>KeHHHX B II 2. OeT-
.151 nOBepHYJIaCb Ha 180 0 l:l cBo60,!I.HO 060111JIa neTJII:ITeJIb CHapY>Kl:l, He
HaMaTbIBaHCh Ha ero OCb. .
MOMeHT IV (pl:lc. 171,2), I1rJIa, npOKOJIOB MaTepl:laJI, npOijo.n:uT
CKB03b Hero HHTKY l:l CBOI:IM OCTpl:leM BXOnl:lT B npe.n:bI.n:YILlYIO neT JIIO.
I1rJIa 1:13 CBoero Hl:l>KHerO nOJIO>KeHHH CHOBa .n:Bl:l>KeTCH BBepx, BTO-
pl:l'lHO 06pa3YH OKOJIO CBoero YlllKa neTJIIO, B KOTOpylO CHOBa BX01I.HT
HOCHK neTJIHTeJIH, c.n:eJIaBlllerO K 3TOMY MOMeHTY CBOH nOJIHbll1 060-
pOT
MOMeHT V (pHC. 171,0). Bparn.aIOllll:IHCH neTJIHTeJIb, 3aXBaTI:IB HO.
BYIO neTJIIO, BB01I.I:IT ee BHYTPb nepBoH neTJIH, nepBaH >Ke neTJIH Ha'll:l-
HaeT nOCTeneHHO COCKaJIb3bIBaTb C neTJII:ITeJIH.
MOMeHT VI (pl:lc. 171, e), npH .n:aJIbHeHllleM BpallleHl:ll:l neTJII:ITeJISI
nepBaH neTJIH, nepenJIeTeHHaH co BTOpOH, c6pacbIBaeTcH C neTJIHTeJIH
II 3aTHrJmaeTCH. OeTJII:ITeJIb npo,!I.OJI>KaeT .n:aJIbHei'illlee 3aTHrl:lBaHl:le
npe1I.bI.n:Ylllei'1 neT JIl:l. HHTenpl:lTHrJmaTeJIb 3, nepeMern.aHcb B BepxHee
nOJIO>KeHl:le, CTHrl:lBaeT C KaTYlllKH TaKYIO .n:JIlIHY HI:ITKl:l, KaKaH 6bIJIa
1:13pacxo.n:oBaHa Ha 06pa30BaHl:le CTe>KKa. .rr.aJIee npol.lecc nOBTopHeTcH.
HeTPy.n:Ho 3aMeTHTb, 'lTO pa60Ta HI:ITenpl:lTHrJmaTeJIH 3aBHCI:IT KaK
OT BeJIH'll:lHbI X01I.a Hr JIOBo.n:l:lTeJIH, TaK l:l OT nOJIO>KeHHH HIITeHanpaBl:l-
TeJIH 2. ECJIII 0603Halll:lTb OTBepCTJle HI:ITeHanpaBJITeJIH 2 llepe3 a,
BepxHee nOJIO>KeHl:le HlITeHanpaBUTeJIH llepe3 6 10 Hl:l>KHee nO,,10)[{eHl:le,
YKa3aHHoe YCJIOBHbIMl:l JII:IHI:IHMl:l, llepe3 6 2 H HI:ITeHanpaBJlTeJIb Ha PY-
KaBe MamUHbl llepe3 B, TO npl:l nepeMeILleHHl:l HUTeHanpaBI:ITeJIH 1:13
aepXHero nOJIO>KeHI:IH B Hl:l>KHee .n:JIlIHa OCB060>K1I.aeMOH HI:ITKH 6y.n:eT
L oco =(a6 1 +6 1 8) -(tl62+628).
255

ECJU:l HI-:ITeHanpaBI-:ITeJIb 2 npH6JU:l3HTb K BepXHeMY nOJIO)KeHl:lIO HH-
TenpHTHrHBaTeJIH 6 1 , TO .n:.'lI:lHa OCB060)K1I.aeMOll HHTKH 6Y1I.eT' YMeHb-
WaTbC5I. TaKHI\1 06pa30M, nepeMellleHHeM HHTeHanpaBI:ITeJIH 2 i\lO>KHO
perYJIHpOBaTb .n:JIHHY oCB060)K.n:aeMoll HHTKH.
LlaBHbll\1l:1 MOMeHTaMH 06pa30BaIlHH O.n:HOHHTOIlHoro l.lemIOrO
CTe)KKa HBJIHIOTCH BXO.n: Hr JJbI B npe1l.bI.n:YlllYIO paCWHpeHHYIO neT JIIO
nOCJIe npOKOJIa MaTepUaJIa H CJJe.n:YIOlllee 3aTeM npOBe.n:eHlIe HOCHKO:\I
ne1'JIHTeJIH BTOpOH CHHTOH C HrJIbl neTJIII Ilepe3
nepBYIO (CM. pHC. 171,2)
Bce .3TO Tpe6yeT TlllaTeJIbHOH perYJIUpOBKH
MaW:IHbl, TaK KaK B CJJYIlac HecBoeBpeMeHHoro 1-1
HenpaBHJIbHOrO Bxo.n:a HrJIbI B neTJIIO HeH36e)K-
Hbl nponycl<I:I I:l pacnycKaHue CTe)KKa.
HOCHK neTJIHTeJIH .n:JIH 06ecneIleHHH 3aXBaTa,
no.n:06Ho qeJIHoKY B MaWHHax qeJIHOqHOrO TI:lna,
1I.0JI)KeH TOIlHO YCTaHaBJIHBaTbCH no HrJIe. Ha-
npaBJIeHUe BpallleHHH neTJIHTeJIH .n:OJI)KHO COBna-
JJ:aTb C HanpaBJIeHHeM nepeMCllleHI:lH MaTepnaJIa,
TaK KaK pacwHpeHHe neTJIU H HaKJIOH ee .n:JJH
06ecneIleHHH BX01I.a B Hee HrJIbI 5IBJI5IIOTCH pc-
3YJIbTaTOM nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa B CTOPOHY
OT neTJIUTeJIH no HanpaBJJeHHIO ero BpallleHHH.
OpH H3MeHeHJUI HanpaSJIeHHH nepeMellleHHH
MaTepHaJIa - Ha pa6qTalOlllero no CTpeJIi{e B,
KaK YKa3aHo Ha pI:lc. 172 npH 3aXBaTe neTJIHTe-
JIeM HOBOH neTJIH, npe.n:bI.n:YlllaH neTJIH 6y.n:eT c6pacbIBaTbcH HM CHH-
3Y, H HrJIa He CMO)KeT npOHTH B nepBYIO neTJIIO. CTe)KOK 06pa30BbI-
BaTbCH He 6y.n:er
lvlaWHHbI IleJIHOIlHOro THna, KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb BbIllle, 06eCneqHBa-
101' nepen.'leTeI-IHe HHTOK B CTe)KKe npH JII060M HanpaBJIeHHH nepeMe-
llleHHH MaTepHaJIa (o.n:HaKO C .n:PYrHM xapaKTepo:\! nepenJIeTeHH5I HH-
TOK) .l\\awHHbl )Ke, BbInOJIHHlOlllHe l.lenHYIO CTPOIlKY 6e3 cnel.lHaJIbHbIX
YCTpofICTB, 06eCneqHBaIOT 06pa30BaHHe CTe)KKa TOJIbKO npH O.'l:HOM
HanpaBJIeHHU nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa, H qeM 60JIb'we 6y.n:eT war
CTPOqKH, TeM JIYIlwe 6Y1I.eT 06eCneqHBaTbCH paC-WHpeHHe neTJIH.
B WBelIHblX MaWIIHax, npHWI:lBaIOlllHX nyroBHl.lbI H 06BHBalOlllHX
Ho)KKH nyroBHl.lbI O.n:HOHUTOqHbIM l.lenHblM CTe)KKOM, .n:JIH paCWI:lpeHJIH
neT"lH (pHC. 173) .n:onOJIHHTeJIbHO BBO.n:HTCH OTBo.n:Ka 1, KOTopaH KpIOIl-
KOM 2 O1'BO.n:HT neTJIIO BJIeBO H .3THM cnoc06cTByeT ee pacwHpeHHIo.
OocJIe TOro, KaK HrJIa npoii,Il.eT qepe3 neTJIIO, neTJIHTe.rlb 3aXBaTbI-
BaeT C HrJILI HOBYIO neTJJIO, KplOIlOK OTBO.'l:KII nepeMeWaeTcH BnpaBo H
OC060)K.'):aeT npe.'):bl1l.ylllYlo neTJIlO.
.rr.BU)KeHHe BJIeBO OTBO.'):Ka nOJIyqaeT OT KYJIaqKa 3, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO
Ha BaJIY rreTJII:lTeJIH, qepe3 TOJIKaTeJIb 4 H BaJI 6, a .n:BH)KeHUe BnpaBo
(B I:lCX01l.HOe nOJIO)KeHHe) npoucxo.'):HT no.'): .n:eHcTBHeM npY)KHHbI 5, 3a-
KpenJIeHHOH Ha TOJIKaTeJIe H Impnyc MaWHHbI.
B wBelIHoii MaWHHe 59-A 01l.HOHHTOIlHoro l.lenHorO CTe)KKa, npe.'l:-
Ha3HaIleHHOH .n:JIH 06BHBKH HO)KKH nyroBHl.lbI, nOJJplaeTCH xopowee
COqeTaHHe pa60TbI IIrJIbl  neTJIHTeJIH 6e3 .n:onOJIHHTeJIbHOH OTBO.n:KH.
B
PHC. 172. nOnO>KeHHe
neT.1H Ha neTnHTene
npH o6paTHoM I1anpaB-
JleHHH nepeMell.leHHR
MaTepHana
256
B :\laWUHC UMeCTCH KaIlC110IllaHCH paMKa I-IrJIOB01l.HTeJIH, I\OTopaH noc-
JJe Ka)K.llOrO YKOJIa nepCMell.laeT Hr JIY TO BnpaBO, TO BJIeBO OT HO)KI<I:I
H nyroBHl.lbl (pHC. 17.t)
KpoMe Toro, Cpe..'lHHH .'lUHUH KallaHIIH HL1Jbl cMellleHa Bnp3Bo OTHO-
CHTeJILHO OCH neTJIIITeJJH. OpH .3TOM, Bo-nepBbIx, y.1YlllllU.'10Cb nO.:lOiKe-
HIIe HOCHKa neT.lIITC.1H OTHOCHTeJIbHO YWKa Hr JJbI npu npaBO"\' II JIeBO\1
YKOJJ3X (CM. pue 150), a TaK)KC C03.llaJIHCb 6JJarOnpl-lHTHLIe YC.'10BHH
!l.lH Bxo.n:a HrJIbl B npe!lbI1I.ywYIO neTJIIO npH JIeBOM YKOJJe.
CxeMa npol.lecca 06pa30BaHHH CTe)KKa B .3 Tofl MaWIIHe nOKa3aHa
H3 pHC. 174.
MOMeHTbI I " II. OpH npaBoM YKOJIe HrJIbI 1 npe.n:bl1l.Yllla5I neT.'1H
at BUCHT Ha neTJJHTe.'1e 2 C3a.llH HOCHKa (pHC. 174, I), II nO.3ToMY npl-J
3aXB8Te BTOpoii nCTJII-I
a2 neT JIHTeJIb CBOllM HO-
CllKOM, KaK 06bIlIHO, BXO-
1I.IIT B neTJIIO al II [lpO-
B01l.IIT lIepe3 Hee neT.110
a2 (pI:lc. 174, II)
OpH Jl.aJIbHeHWeM
.n:BH}KeHHII neT.'lIlTeJIb
cOKpalllaeT neTJIIO al H
3aTHrllBaeT CTe)KOK.
MOMeHTbI III H I V,
OplI JIeBOM YKo.le IIr.'1a
nOJIYlIaeT nonepcIllIoe
nepeMellleHlIe, OHa, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha plIC. 174, II I H IV, npoxo':U:IT
Bnepe1l.H nepe1l.Hefl 'BeTBH fl neTJIH a2. nepe.n:HHH BeTBb neTJIH B .3TO
BpeMH ewe nO.ll)KaTa HaK.lOHHOll nJIOCKOCTblO 3 K 3a1l.Hefl CTeHKe 4 OK-
Ha B IIroJIl:>qaToii [l.laC1'IIHe (pHC. 174, II I, 6) ::ho caMbIH OTBeTCTBeH-
HbIll MOMeHT B npol.lecce 06pa30BaHI:lH CTe)KKa YKa3aIlHoH MaWIIHbI.
ECJIH 6bl HaKJJOHHaH nJIOCKOCTb 3 JIOnaCTH neT.1I:l1'eJIH B .31'01' MO-
MeHT Y)Ke nepeBc.'1a BeTBb n Ha nepe.n:HlOlo nJIOCKOC1'''- neTJIHTeJIH, TO
I:lrJIa BOWJIa 6bl l\le)K..'lY BE'TBHMH neTJIH (KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC.
174, Ill, B) H npI:l !la.'1bHeHWeM 3aXBaTe HOCI:lKOi\l neTJIHTeJI5I C.'lE'.n:yJO-
lllelI neTJIH neTJJ5I Q2 COCKOqlI.'Ia 6bl C neTJJI:lTeJIH u npOH30WE'JI 6bI npo-
nycK CTe)KKa.
MOMeHTbI V " VI. I-1rJJa no.n:HI:lMaeTCH BBepx, a HOCHK neTJII:lTeJIH
3aXBaTbIBaeT cJIe.'l:YloWYIO TpeTblO neT mo aJ. Oepe.n:HHH BeTBb neTJIII a2
npH .3TOM paCWlIp5IeTCH n.rIOCKOCTbIO 3 neTJIHTe.'l5I, a I10CIIK neTJIHTeJIH
npOX01l.HT B nCTJ'1l0 a2. TaKI-L\1 06pa30M, HOCHK neTJJHTeJIH, 3aXBaTHB
neTJIIO aJ, BBO.n:HT ee B npe.'l:bI1I.y.lllYlo nCTJIIO a2.
MOMeHT VII. OplI .n:aJIbHeHWeM BpaweHHI:l neTJIJ:ITeJIH neTJIH a3 3a-
THrHBaeTCH, 06pa3YH CTe)KOK, a neTJIH a3 OCTaeTCH Ha neTJJIITeJJe. .rr.a-
JJee npol.lecc nOBTOp5IeTcH.
B npol.lecce 06pa30BaHH5I 01l.HOHHTOlIHOro CTe)KKa C BpawaIolllH:\fCH
neTJIHTeJIeM neTJIH nepeMewaeTcH CHapY)K1I neTJII:lTeJI5I, nO.3TOMY OH
.'lOJI)KeH pacnOJIaraTbCH Ha KOHl.le BaJIa. .rr.JI5I MHOrOHrOJJbHbIX MaWHH
KOHCTPYKTHBHO CJJO)KHO Ka)K.n:OMY neT JJHTeJIIO HMeTb CBOll BaJI. B MHO-
rOHrOJIbHbIX MaWIIHax (HanpHMep, 14-HroJIbHOll MaWI:lHe 40-ro KJIaCCa
!
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PHC. 173. MexaHH3M neTnHTenH C OTBOllKOii
9
257
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,
11M3) npHMeHHIOTcH KaqalOlllHeCH neTJIHTeJIH, nOJIyqalOlllHe .n:BH}Ke-
Hue OT o.n:HorO BaJIa.
CxeMa npOLlecca oopa30BaHHH O.n:HOHHTOqHOrO LlenHoro CTe}KKa C
npHMeHeHHeM KaqalOlllerOcH neTJIHTeJIH nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 175.
MOMeHT I (pHC. 175, I), npH nepeMellleHHH HrJIbl I H3 HH}KHerO no-
JIO}KeHHH HOCHK neTJIHTeJIH 2 BXO.n:HT B neTJIIO
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npOLlecc 06pa30BaHHH Ue}KKa C npHMeHeHHeM KaqalOlllerOCH neT-
JIHTeJIH npH 3Hf3arOOopa3HoII CTpO'-lKe paCCMaTpHBaeTCH B rJI. XIII
(MallIHHa 811-ro KJIaCca).
He06xo.n:HMO OTMeTHTb, qTO .n:JIHHa pacllHlpHlOlUeHcH neTJIH B CJIY-
'lae npW\feHeHHH Ka'laIOlllerOCH neTJIHTeJIH oy.n:eT MeHbIlle IJe\f .n:JIHH8
neTJIH, BLITHrHBaeMol1 BpaIIJ.alOIIJ.HMcH neTJIHTeJIeM.
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PHC. 175. npol.lecc 06pa30BaHHH OAHOHHTO'lHOro CTe)KKa MamR-
HOH C Ka'laIOII.IHMCH neTJlHTeneM
PHC. 174. npol.lecc 06pa30BaHHH CTe)KKa MalllHHoii 59-.\ KJlaCCa
VII
PaCCMOTpeB npoLlecC oopa30BaHi-IH CTe}KKa, npHxo.n:IIM K 3aKJIIOq-
HHIO, qTO .n:JIH nOJIYIJeHlIH O.n:HOHHTOqHOrO LlenHoro CTe}KKa HeooxOJ{H-
MO BbInOJIHHTb CJIe.n:)'IOIIJ.He 4>YHKLlHH:
npOKOJIOTb MaTepHa.'l H npoBecTH neTJIIO BepXHeii HHTKH CKB03b Ma-
TepHaJI B npe.n:bI.n:YlllYIO neTJIIO;
3aXBaTHTb neTJIIO OKOJIO YIllKa HrJIbI, paCIllHpHTb H no.n:BeCTH ee B
paCIllHpeHHOM COCTOHHHH K nOJIO}KeHHIOCJIe.n:YlOlllero )'Ko.'la Hr.'IbI;
nepeMeCTHTb MaTepHa.'l .n:JIH CJIe.n:YlOIIJ.erO CTe}KKa;
3aTHHyrb CTe)!<oK.
3TH 4>YHKLlHH BbInOJIHHlOTCH MexaHH3MaMH: HrJIbI, neTJIHTeJIH
(HJIH neTJIHTeJIH H IllHpHTeJIH). peHI<H H HHTeno.n:aTIJHKa.
PaOOTa MexaHH3MOB HrJILI H peHKH aHaJIOrHIJHa paOOTe MexaHH3-
MOB B MaIllHHax IJeJIHOqHOrO THna. PaOOTa HHTeno.n:aTIJHI{a H neTJIHTe-
.1H OTJIHIJaeTCH OT paOOTbl HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJIH H IJeJIHOKa.
9* 259
MOMeHT II (pHC. 175, II), HrJIa BbIXO.n:I-IT 1-13 MaTepHaJIa, KOTOpblll
'B !HOT MOMeHT nepeMeIIJ.aeTCH Ha BeJIHIJHHY Illara CTpOIJKH. neTJIH-
TeJIb npo.n:OJl}KaT .n:BH}KeHHe Ha pa60TalOlllero H HaJ{eBaeT n€TJIlO.
MOMeHT III (pHC. 175, Ill). neTJIHTeJIb nOJIYlIaeT .lI.BH}KeHHe BOO-
paTHOM HanpaBJIeHHH. neTJIH npH.n:ep}KHBaeTCH Ha neTJIHTeJIe neTJIe-
.nep}KaTeJIeM 3, a HrJIa B 3TO BpeMH BXO.n:HT B pacIllHpeHHYlO neTJIlO.
MOMeHT IV (pHC. 175.lV), neTJIHTeJIb npoJ{OJI}KaeT .n:BH}KeHHe no
lJaCOBOll CTpeJIKe, copacbIBaeT neTJIlO, KOTopaH cOKpalllaeTcH npH ne-
peMellleHHH HrJIbl B HH}KHee nOJIO}KeHHe. .lLaJIee npoLlecc nOBTopHeTcH.
258
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.lI.BYXHHTOIJHaR u.enHaR CTpOIJKa, TaKan C!pO;Ka npHMemleTCH B
TpUKOTa}J{HOH, a B nOCJIellHee BpeMH II B llIBeHHOH npOMI,IllIJIeHHOCTii.
TaKofi }J{e CTpO'IJ{OH CllIHBalOTCH H 3allIHBaIOTCH 6YMamHbIe H TKaHble
MelliKH. 3Hr3aro06pa3HaH .n:BYXHHTO'lHaH uenHaH CTpO'lKa npHMeHHeT-
CH .n:JIH H3rOTOBJIeHHH neTeJIb Ha nepxHei't o.J,em.!J.e.
BHellIHlU1 BM.n: .n:BYXHMTO'lHOi"1 uenHoii CTIJO'IKII C BepXHeH M C HHm-
HCa CTOpOHbI pa.3JIM'IeH: BH,'J, cBepxy - 06blKHOBeHH3H nYIIKTupHaH
CTpO'lKa, KOTOpYlO HeJIb3H OT.'JII'IMTb OT 4C.1HO'lHoi"l; CHIB}' - uen04Ka
113 neTCJIb BepXHeH H HIfmHei"I HHTOK. CTpO'-lKa CHM3Y UMeeT BU.n: Henpe-
PI,IBHOi"1 .'lHHMH nY4KOB M3 Tpex HUTOK Kam,'J,bIi"1. He.'l.OCTaTKH .'I.BYXHH-
104HOi"1 uenHoi't CTp04KM: BO:'l\1Q)KHOCTb pacnycK3HlIH CTen<Ka M 60Jlb-
lliOH pacxo.n: HMTOK.
ECJIM 06blKHoneHHaH .n:HYXHM ro4HaH lIC.'IHO'IHaH cTp04Ka C4HTaCTcn:
naKTH4ecKH HepacnY3eMoft, TO ueUHYlO .J,BYXHHTO'lHYlO CTP04KY
MO}hHO pacnYCTHTb, Bbl.'l.Ci-'HYB HHmHIO'O H!ITKY 113 noc.'le.'l.HeI1 neTJlH H
nOHJHYB ee B. 06paTHOM Hanp"aBJIeHIII1 !\ H<t4a.1Y llI13a. n pM 06 ['bIBe
BepxHeii HIITKH TpO'lKa He pacnYCKaeTC):
OpHHUHn 06pa30BaHHH cremKa 3aKJIlOll'1CTCH B CJIe.n:YlOllleM: CKB03b
ClliMBaeMblft MaTepHaJI npOBO,'J,IfTCH neTJIH BepxHei"i HHTKH, H B ny neT-
JIlO npOBO,!!,IITCH neTJIH HMmHi;i"1 HHTKM. OeT.'IH HHTKH paCI11HpSIeTCH, H
4epe3 Hee npOBO,'J,MTCH CJIe.ii.YlOluaH neT.'JH BepxHei"i HHTKH H T .n:.
Pa604HMH opraHaMH nCTJIe06pa30BaHHH fIBJIHIOTCH HrJIa, COBep-
llIaIOlllaH B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJIbHOe .n:BHmeHHC, npOBOJJ:SIlllaH Bepx-
HIOIO HMTKY 'Iepe3 CllIHBae:\lble MaTepHaJIbl II 06a3YIOlltaSI neTJIIO OKO-
.'10 YllIKa; KpI040K-neTJIHTe"'Ib, COBepm3i0UlMi"1 IIpOCTpaHCTBeHHoe .n:BH-
iKeHlIe OTHOCHTe"lbHO HrJII,I, COCTOHIIJ.eC 11) l,a4aHUll nepneH.n:HKYJIHpHO
JIIIHHU CTp04KH H 60KOBOro nepMCllleIlHH IL10Jlb :TpO'lKH. OeT.'lHTeJIb
IIMCeT YlliKO 6JIH3 OCTpHH .n:JlH 3anpaBKU tlUiKHei"1 HIITKH. XapaKTcpHbIe
MOMeHTbl npouecca 06pa30BalHiH lI.BYXHUTOlIHoro uenHoro CTemKa H306-
pameHbI Ha pHC. 176.
MOMeHT I. VlrJIa I, no.n:HHMaHCb U3 csocro HI\}KHerO nOJIO>KeHI1H,
o6pa30BaJIa co CTOpOHbl MeJIKOrO mC:100Ka nCTJlII) H3 BCpXIlCii HHTKH
A. KopoTKaH BeTnI, KI neTJIH pacnOJIaraeTCH C3a.n:H nrJlbI.
OeT.'JHTeJIb 2 HOCHKOM co CTOpOHLI KOpOTKOH BCTmf, T e. C3a.n:M Hr-
.%1, BXO.n:HT B neT.'l1O BcpxHei"I HMTKH. 4epc3 YlliKO nCTJ1HTeJ[)J 3anpaB-
.'IeHa HllmHHH HUTKa B. 3anpaBKa HIITKH npOII3BO!UlTCH TaK, 4T061>1
KopoTKaH BeTBb K 2 pacnoJIaraJIaCI, OT YWKa K MaTeplIaJIY, T e. C3anH
OT neTJII-ITeJ1H. HHmHHH HIITKa BXO.J.HT B mCJI060K neTJIIITeJIH H npe.n:o-
xpaHHcTcH OT nOBpem.n:eHMH npli conpuKocHoBeHHH C HrJIOH.
MOMeHT II. VlrJIa, .n:BHraHCb BBepx, BbllliJIa H3 MaTepHaJIa, a neTJIM-
TeJIb, 33KaH'IIIBaH .n:BHmeHHe n.'leBO (B nonepe4HoM HanpaBJIeHUII K
JIIIHIUI CTpO'lKH), npoBo.n:HT 4cpe3 neT.'IlO QI BcpxHeii HHTKII CBOIO neT-
JIIO 81. MexaHH3M pei-iKH nepeMelllaeT MaTepnaJI. OeTJIH Ql BepXHcii
HHTKII pacnOJIaraeTCH Ha neTJIUTe.le HaK.10HHO. HMTenpHTHrHBaTeJIb,
nepeMCIIJ.aHCb B BepXHee nOJIOmeHlIe, CHHMaeT C KaTYlliKH H3paCxolI.0-
BaHHYIO Ha CTemOK BepXHlO1O HHTKY OeT.'lMTC"lb Hal.JHHaeT nepeMe-
IIJ.aTbCH HaBCTpe4Y HanpaBJICHUIO nepeMCllleHHH MaTCpHaJIa (Ha pa60-
TalOIIJ.ero), npOH3Bo.n:HTCH OKOH4aTCJlbHaH 3aTHmKa nepsoro
CTeiKKa.
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MOMenT III. 3TOT MOMeHT HBJHleTCH Hal160JIee OTBeTCTBeHHblM R
npOu. ecce o(5pa30BaHI1H CTe:>KKa, TaK KaK B 3TOT nepHO.n: HrJIa npoxo.n: HT
B neTJIIO 61 HH:>KHeH HHTKH. l1rJIa KaK 6bl BblTIOJIHHeT 4>YHKIJ.HIO HOClIKa
neTJlHTeJlH (YKa3aHHoro B nOJImKeHHli I) HJIH 4>YHKlI.HIO HOCliKa tle.1HO-
Ka npH 3aXB3Te neTJIli B lJeJlHOlJHbIX MallIHHax. PaHee 6bJJlO YKa3aHo,
lJTO 3aXBaT neTJlH, a TaK}Ke HaJJ:eBaHHe neTJIH Ha neT JlHTeJIb HJlH Hr.1Y
.n:OJI}KHbI npOliCXO.n:HTb co CTOpOHbJ KOpOTKOH BeTBlI neTJIJI.
TaK KaK KopOTKaH BeTBb neTJIH Hli}KHel! HJiTKJi pacnOJIaraeTCH C3a-
.n:Ji neTJIliTeJIH, TO neTJIHTeJlb nepe.n: KpaHHJiM JleBbJM nOJlO}KeHHeM nepe-
Mern.aeTC Ha pa60TaIOrn.ero (B.n:OJlb CTpOlJKH) li nO..'l.BO.n:HT KOPOTKYIO
seTBb K 2 csoeH neTol'm B nOJlO}KeHHe npOTHB lir JlbJ.
ITepeMellI. eHHe 1 neTJIliTeJIH B.n:OJIb CTpOlJKH HeBeJlJiKO H 6y.n: eT 3aBU-
ceTb OT .n:HaMeTpa JIe3BHH HrJIbJ d, TOJlrn.JiHbJ neTJlIITeJIH h (B TOM
MeCTe, r.n:e npoxo.n:HT JirJIa) H 3a30pa li Me}K.n:y lir.'lOM Ii neTJIHTeJleM.
::ho nepeMellI.eHHe 6y.n: eT
l=d+h+28.
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06bI'-IHO 3a30p Me}K.n:y JirJIOM H neTJIHTeJleM paseH 0,1 MM. f1pH
3TOM He06xo.n:HMO, lJT06bJ npe,!J.bJJJ:yrn.aH neTJIH al BepXHeM HHTKH  !I.ep-
H<HBaJIaCb B neTJIHTeJIe cnpaBa OT HrJlbJ. BeCbMa 60JIbliiOe BJIlISIHlie Ha
:no OKa3bIBaeT npo4>HJIb HH}KHeH lJaCTH neTJIHTeJlH. HH}KHHH lJaCTb H
neTJlHTeJIH (PIrc. 176, Ill) .n:OJI}KHa 6b1Tb HeCKOJlbKO BbmYKJlOH. ECJlH
neTJISI BepxHeM HHTKH nepeMecTIITcH Ha neTJIHTe.'Ie BJleBO OT HrJIbI, TO
npOH30M.n: eT nponycK CTe}KKa.'
He MeHee Ba}KHOe 3HalJeHlie HMeeT h nOJlO}KeHHe HH}KHell HJiTKH
OTHOCHTeJIbHO HrJIbI. KopoTKaH BeTBb HH}KHeM HHTKH .n:OJl}KHa Haxo-
lI.HTbCH C3aJJ:H HrJIbI (CM. pHC. 176, II I) OlJeHb Ba}KHO, lJT06bJ HH}KHHH
JlJiTKa B 3TOT MoMeHT 6bIJIa HaTHHYTa KYJI.alJKOM HHTenpHT5IrJiBaTeJlH,
a YWKO neTJlJiTeJlH pacnoJIaraJIOCb KaK MO}KHO 6JIH:tKe K BepxHell ero
LJaCTli.
3a.n:H HH nOBepxHocTb HOCHKa neTJlHTeJlH .n:O.'l}KHa 6bITb BbITIYK.10H C
pacnOJIO}KeHHeM YIliKa B BepllIJiHe (TO'-lKa E, cM. BU.n: no CTpeJlKe ,1).
B 3TOM cJIYtlae HH}KHHH HliTKa C03.n:aeT neTJIIO 8h B KOTOpyIO H BXO-
!J.liT lirJla. ECJIH }Ke HH}KHHH HHTKa He 6y.n:eT HaTHHYTa, TO OHa MO}KeT
3aHHTb npOH3BOJIbHOe nOJIO}KeHHe, H Tor.n:a Hr.'la He BOll.n:eT B neT:\lO,
lJTO npHBe.n:eT K nponYCKaM CTe}KKOB.
.l1.JIH npe.n:oxpaHeHHH OT nOBpe}KJJ:eHHH neT.1HTe.'lH JirJlOM H YBe.1HlJe-
HHH npOCBeTa neTJlU Ha ero BepXHell 3a.n:HeM lJaCTH .n:eJlaeTCH 4>aCKa.
MOMeHT IV, l1rJIa, nepei\lern.aHCb BHU3, Y.LI.ep}KIIBaeT neTJlIO J-m}KlIelr
HIITKH. ITeT.1JITeJIb npo.n:OJl}KaeT nepeMern.eHHe Bnpa-BO, BbIXOD.HT H3 neT-
.1Ii HrOJlbHOM HHTKH (c6paCblBaeT ee C -ce6H). f1eTJlH 81 HIi}KHeM HlITH!
OKa3bIBaeTCH npOBe.n:eHHOll '-Iepe3 neTJlIO at UrOJlbHOM HHTKH.
MOMeHT V. I1rJIa, npo.n:OJI}KaSI nepeMern.eHHe BHH3, npOBOJJ:HT Bepx-
HIOIO HHTKY no.n: MaTepliaJl. .l1.JlUHa OCB060}K.n:eHHOl! BepxHei'I HHTKJi, He-
06xo.n:HMaH B 3TOT nepHO.n: .n:JlH 06pa30BaHliH CTe}KKa (KaK H B MaIlIH-
Hax qeJIHOlJHOrO THna), paBHa y.n:BoeHHOMY paCCTOHHHIO YIliKa HrJIbl OT
nOBepXHOCTli MaTepHaJIa. HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJIb B 3TOT MOMeHT OCB060}K-
JJ:aeT HHTKY MeHbWel! JI.JIHHbI, H n03TOMY npOHCXOD.HT. 'COKpallI.eHUe
pa3MepOB nepBOM neTJIH at BepXHeH HIITKH.
262
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l1rJIa nepeTHrHBaeT HJiTKY npe.n:bl.n:yrn.eH neTJIH lJepe3 CWHBaeMblH
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4T06bl 3arn.HTHTb B 3TOT nepHO.n: HHTKY OT nOBpe}K.n:eHHH, 3a.n:HHH
}K.eJI060K HrJIbl .n:eJIaeTCH TaK}Ke JI.JIHHHbIM, HO MeHbllle no rJIy6HHe lJeM
nepe.n:HHii }KeJI060K. .l1.JIliHHbIH }KeJI060K, TaKHM 06pa30M, cnoc06TBY-
eT JlYlJllIeMY nepeMern.eHHIO HHTKH.
ITeTJIH at. COKparn.aHcb, no.n:THrHBaeT BBepx neTJIIO 8t HH}KHeM HliT--
KH. HH}KHHH HHTKa B 3TOT MOMeHT oCB060}KJJ:aeTcH HHTenpHTHrHBaTe-
JIeM. ECJIH neTJlH HHmHeH HHTKH He 6YJJ:eT no.n:THHYTa BBepx, TO neTJIH-
TeJIb npH .n:BH}KeHHH K HrJIe MO}KeT 3aXBaTliTb 3TY neTJIIO H 060pBaTb
ee.
ITeTJIHTeJIb B 3TOT nepHO.n: nepeMern.aeTCSI B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO}KeHHe.
TpaeKTopHH .n:BIi}KeHHH HOCHKa neTJIJiTeJlSI B nJIaHe HMeeT 4>OPMY BbI-
THHYToro 3JIJIHnc.a. B HalJaJIe JI.Bli}KeHHH neTJIHTeJISI BJIeBO HHTenpHTH-
rliBaTeJIb Hli}KHeH HHTKH HeMHoro no.n:THrHBaeT ee H 3THM cnoc06CTBY-
eT no.n:'beMY neTJIli HH}KHeM HHTKH K TKaHHM.
MOMeHTbI VI H VII. I1rJIa nOJI.HSIJIaCb H3 HH}KHerO nOJIO}KeHHSI,
neTJ1HTeJIb HOCliKOM BXOJI.liT BO BTOPYIO neTJIIO a2 BepxHei't HHTKH H
npOBo.n:HT B Hee BTOpyIO neTJIIO 82.
MOMeHT VIII. I1rna BbIXOJI.HT H3 MaTepHana, MexaHH3M TpaHcnop-
Tepa nepeMern.aeT MaTepHaJI .n:JIH BblTIOJIHeHHSI CJIe.n:YIOrn.ero CTe}KK3.
BMecTe C M.aTepHaJIOM nepeMern.aIOTCH H neTJlli. neTJIHTeJIb nepeMern. a -
eTCH B KpalfHee JIeBOe nOJIO}KeHlie H CMew.aeTCCH B.n:OJIb CTpOlJKH. ITpo-
H3BOJJ:HTCH OKOHlJaTeJIbHaH 3aTH}KKa npe.n:bl.n:yw.ero CTe}KKa. HHTKa, H3-
paCXOJI.oaHHaH Ha 06pa30BaHHe CTe}KKa, CMaTbIsaeTCSI B 3TOT MOMeHT
HliTenpHTHrHBaTeJIeM C KaTYIliKH. .l1.aJlee npou.ecc nOBTopHeTCH.
.l1.JISI 06eCnelJeHHH 60JIee paHHero BXOJI.a HrJIbI B neTJIIO HH}KHeM
HliTKli OCTpHe ee .n:eJIaeTCH .n:JIliHHee, lJeM Y HrJIbI lJeJIHOlJHblX MaIliJiH.
MallIliHbl, BbmOJIHHIO,w.He .n:BYXHHTOlJHYIO u.enHYIO CTpOlJKY, npH H3-
MeHeHHH HanpaBJIeHHH nepeMew.eHHH MaTepHaJIa 6e3 npHMeHeHHH cne-
u.HaJIbHOrO MexaHH3Ma OTBO.n:KH neTJIH He 06eCnelJHBaIOT 06pa30BaHHH
CTe}KKa. '
TpeXHHTOIJHaSi u.enHaSi CTpOIJKa, Ha pHC. 177, a,6 nOKa3aH npou. ecc
06pa30saHHH TpeXHliTOlJHOH u.enHoM CTpOlJKH JI.BYMH HrJIaMH H O.n:HliM
neTJlHTeJIeM. HOCliK neTJIHTeJIH no.n:xo.n:HT K JIeBOM HrJIe n03}Ke lJeM K
npaBoi't, 03TOMY yWKO JleBOM HrJIbI YCTaHaBJIliBaeTCH HH}Ke, lJM YIlI-
KO npaBoH lirJIbI.
B MOMeHT, Kor.n:a HrJIbI BXO.n:HT.  neTJIIO HH}KHeH HHTKH (KaK YKa-
3aHO Ha pHC. 177, a), neTJIH at JIeBOH lirJIbI H neTJIH a2 npasoH lirJIbI He
.n:OJI}KHbI conpHKacaTbCH JI.pyr C .n:pyrOM. Me}K.n:y HHMH .n:OJI}KHa npOMTH
npaBaSI lirJIa. 4eM MeHbllIe 6YJJ:eT paCCTOHHHe Me}K.n:y. HrJIaMH, TeM
6JIli}Ke JJ:pyr K .n:pyry 6y.n:YT 3TH neTJIli H TeM 60JlbllIaH BepOHTHOCTb no-
naJI.aHHH npaBOH HrJIbI B neTJIIO JIeBOH HrJIbI at. lJero He .n:OJI}KHO 6b1Tb,
HHaqe 6YJJ:eT HenpaBHJIbHOe nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK B CTe}KKe.
PaCCTOHHHe Me}K.n:y HrJlaMH B JJ:aHHOM CJIYlJae HMeeT 60JIbllIOe 3Ha-
lJeH.He. npH paCCTOSIHHH S MeHee 2 MM Tpy.n:HO 06ecnelJHTb HOpMaJIb-
HbIli BXO.n: HrJI B neTJIIO HH}KHeH HHTKH.
Ha pacnOJIO}KeHHe neTeJIb at H a2 Ha neTJIHTeJIe B MOMeHT Bxo.n:a
HrJI 60JIbWOe BJIHHHlie OKa3bIBaeT npo4>HJIb HH}KHeH LJaCTH neTJIHTeJIH.
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263

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eT neTJlH H He JJ,aeT 11M B03MO)!{HOCTH conpHKacaTbCH.
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naJlbua Hero TOJlIlUlHa (CM. pa3pe3 no AA) OKa3bIBalOT 60.TJb1IlOe B.1I-I-
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B Kpae06MeTO'lHOll Ma-lIII-IHe (HanpI-lMep, MalIIHHe 51-ro KJIaCCa
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MI-I, COBeplIIaIOIIJ.IiMH .n:BI-I:>KeHl!e B n.'lOCKOCTI-I, napaJlJleJlbHOll r JlaBHOIY
BaJIY H nepneH.n:I-IKYJlHpHOH K HanpaBJleHll10 'nepeMeIIJ.eHI-I5I MaTepHa.la.
.lI.JI5I 06pa30BaHH5I CJIO:>KHOrO TpeXHHTO'lHOrO CTe:>KKa 06a KplO'-IKa
3anpaBJIHIOTCH HI-ITKaMI-I 1-1 Ha3bIBalOTCH JleBblM 1-1 npaBbIM neT.lliTeJIHMH_
264
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Ha pHC. 178.
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Ka ,1, Haxo.n:I-ITCH B Kpal1HeM HU:>KHeM nO.'IO)!{eHI-Il!. JIeBblH: neTJlI-ITC,1b
2, B KOTOpbllf 3anpaB.'ICHa HI-ITKa E, HaXO.'l.I-ITC5I C.'leBa OT IirJlbl npaBbll1
neT.lIlTC.1b 3 C HIITKOII B - cnpaBa. '
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YlIIl\a C 3a.'l.HeH CTOpOHbI. JIeBblH neT JlIlTe.1b, nO..'l.OH.n:5I K Ilr Jle C 3all.HH
CTOpOHbl, BXO.n:HT CBOIl:\1 HOCI-IKOM B. 06pa30BaBllIYlOC5I neTJIlO. DpaBblii
neT.1HTeJlb )I.BIl:>KeTC5I HaJleB!> (HaB'CTpe'-lY). B CTOPOHY IlrJlbI.
MOMeHT III. VlrJIa npo.n:OJl)[{aeT no.n:HI1MaTbCH. JIeBblli neTJII-ITeJlb,
l1PO:I.o.l:>KaH .l1Bl-lraTbC5I HanpaBO, npOBO.'l.l-IT B neTJlIO HrOJIbHOH: HI-ITKI-I
235

CBOIO neTJIIO. flp8BblH neTJIHTeJIb, npO.n:OJI}K8H ,nBHr8TbCH H8JIeBO, no.n:-
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neTJIHTeJIH.
MOMeHT IV, HrJI8, ,nOH.n:SI ,no Kp8HHerO BepXHerO nOJIO}KeHHH, H8-
4HH8eT OnYCK8TbCSI. ITp8BblH neTJIHTeJIb 06p83yeT neTJIIO. ITpOHCXO.n:HT
nepeMeIl1.eHHe M8TepH8JI8 Tp8HCnOpTepOM.
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neTJIIO JIeBOrO neTJIHTeJIH. ITeTJIHTeJIH, P8CXO.n:SICb B p83Hble CTOpOHbl K
HCXO.n:HbIM nOJIO}KeHHHM, npOH3BO.n:HT 38TH}KKY neTeJIb. 38TSIrHB8HHIO
neTeJIb cnOC06CTBYIOT HHTeOTTSIrHB8TeJIH.
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npOJl3BeJI8 npe.n:B8pHTeJIbHYIO 38TSI}KKY neTJIH CBOeH HHTKH. UHKJI
06p830B8HHH CTe}KKa 38TeM nOBTOpHeTCSI B TOM }Ke nOpH.n:Ke.
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M8TepH8JI8), T. e. .n:OJI}KH8 nepeMeIl1.8TbCSI C38.n:H np8Boro neTJIHTeJIH.
ITpH no.n:'beMe 1f3 HH}KHerO nOJIO}KeHHH JIeBbIH neTJIHTeJIb 2 .n:OJI}KeH
SOlnH B neTJIIO BepxHei'i HHTKH, T. e. HrJI8 ,nOJI}KH8 p8CnOJI8raTbCH Bne-
peJJ,H JIeBOrO neTJIHTeJISI. IToCKOJIbKY neTJIHTeJIH nepeMeIl1.8IOTCH B Be.p-
THK8JIbHblX nJIOCKOCTSIX (np8BbIH neT JIHTeJIb C38,nH JIeBoro), TO .n:JIH BbI-
nOJIHeHHH BblllIeYK838HHoro YCJIOBHSI HrJIa .n:OJI}KH8 COBep1lI8Tb CBoe
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B HeKoTopbIX Kp8e06MeTOIJHbIX M811IHH8X, H8npHMep M8-llIHHe 246-ro
KJIa-CC8 qmpMbI «3HHrep», npHMeHeH8 KpHBOJIlfHei'1H8SI HrJI8, nepeMe-
rn81OIl1.8HCH no .n:yre OKPY}KHOCTH T8K, IJTO oCTpHe IfrJIbI B BepxHeM no-
JIO}KeHHH npoxo.n:HT C38.n:H np8Boro neTJIHTeJISI, 8 B HH}K!IeM - Bnepe.'l.H
JIeBOrO neTJIHTeJISI.
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CH B BepTHK8JIbHOH nJIOCKOCTH, HO np8BbIH -neTJIHTeJIb Tor.n:a nepeMe-
Il1.8eTCH B nJIOCKOCTH, CMeIl1.eHHoi'i no.n: yrJIOM K nJIOCKOCTH .n:BH}KeHHH
.1eBoro neTJIHTeJIH (H8npHMep, B M811IHHe 797-ro KJI8CCa 03JIM).
06pa30BaHHe ,nBYXHHTOQHOrO o6MeTollHoro CTe}KKa. X8paKTepHbIe
MOMeHTbl 06p830B8HlfH 3Toro CTe}KK8 YK838HbI H8 pHC. 179.
MOMeHT I. HrJIa 1, B YUIKO KOTOpOH 3anpaBJIeHa BepxHSIH HHTK8
A, H8XO.n:HTCH B Kp8HHeM HIf}KHeM nOJIO}KeHHH. neTJIHTeJIb 2, 38np8I3-
JIeHHbIH HH}KHeii HUTKoi'i E, H8XO,nlfTCH CJIeB8 OT HrJIbI, llIHpHTeJIb 3
cnp8B8 OT Ifr JIbI.
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38!I.Hei'i CTOpOHbI. ITeTJIHTeJIb, no.n:xo.n:H CJIeB8 K lIr JIe, BXO,nlfT CBOHTIt
HOCHKOM B 06p830B8BllIYlOCSI neTJIIO. lllHplfTeJIb ,nBH>KeTCH HaJIeBO B
CTOPOHY Hr JIbI.
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HCb H8np8Bo, npoBo.n:HT B neTJIIO HrOJIbHOH HHTKH CBOIO neTJIIO. llllfpH-
TeJIb cnp8B8 no.n:xo.n:HT K neTJIHTeJIIO H 38XB8TbIB8eT P0}KK8MIf neTJIIO,
06p830B8HHYlO neTJIHTeJIeM.
266
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pOM. lllHpHTeJIb, !l,BHr8HCb H8JIeBO, no.n:HHM8eT If nepeHoclfT 4epe3 KP811
M8TepU8JIa 3aXBa4eHHYlO HM neTJIIO JIeBOrO neTJIHTeJIH. HrJIa, onYCKa-
HCb, BXO.n:HT B neTJIIO, BHCHIl1.YIO Ha p0}KKe llIHpHTeJIH. ITepeMeIl1.eHHe
MaTepHaJIa 3aKaHlIHBaeTCH.
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TepHaJIa. lllHpHTeJIb, ,nBHraHCb HanpaBo, oCB060}K.n:aeT neTJIIO. neTJIH-
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YXOJJ,HT B Kpai'mee npaBoe nOJIO}KeHHe. UHKJI 06pa30BaHHH CTe}KKa 3a-
KOHlIeH. .lI.aJIee npoLlecc nOBTopHeTCH.
06pa30BaHHe O,lJ.HOHHTOllHoro KpaeBoro CTe}KKa. O.n:HOHHTOllHaH
KpaeBaH CTpollKa npHMeHHeTCH .n:JIH CllIHBaHHH Mexa H TKaHeH BCTbIK.
.lI."lH 06pa30BaHHSI CTe}KKa Tpe6yeTcH O.n:HH neTJIHTeJIb (.n:JISI CllIHBaHHH
i\Iexa) H.llI neTJII-ITeJIb H llIHpHTeJIb (.n:JIH CllIHBaHlfH TKaHeH). HHTKa
38npaI3JIHeTCH TOJIbKO B Ifr JIY.
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267

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MOMeHT I. l1rJla 1, 'lepe3 YlllI<O I<OTopOi'I 3anpaBJleHa HUTKa, noJJ,-
HHMaHCb H3 HH}KHerO no.1OJKCHHH, 06pa3yeT Y YllIKa neTmo co CTOpOlIbl
Me"lKoro na3a. neTJlHTeJlb 2 nO..'l.Xo.n:IiT K lIrJle C.leBa H HOCIIKOM 3aXBa-
TblBaeT neTJIIO.
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0)
0)
PHC. 180. 06pa30BaHHe IlIBa AnSI CWHBKH BCIblK
MOMeHT II, VlrJIa .n:BIi}KeTCH BBepX, neTJIHTeJIb, JJ,BliraHCb BnpaBO,
BblTHrHBaeT 3aXBa'leHHYIO HOCIiKOM neTJlIO. WlIpliTeJlb 3 .n:BU}KeTCH Ha-
.1JeBO HaBCTpe'lY neT JlIITeJIlO.
MOMeHT III. VlrJIa .n:BU}KeTCH BBepx. neTJlIiTeJIb C 3aXBa'-leHHOH M:\I
neTJleH npo.n:OJI}KaeT .n:BI-I}KeHI-Ie HanpaBO. llllipliTeJIb, nO.!I.xo.n:H K neT-
JIe, no.n:XBaTblBaeT ee CBOHMI-I p0}KKaMH.
MOMeHT IV, WUpHTeJIb npOH3Bo.n:HT pacnmpeHHe neTJlU. PaClllupe-
HlilO neTJlU B ::ITOT MOMeHT cnoc06cTByeT TaKn:;e nepeMeIl1.eHHe !\laTepH-
pliaJla.
MOMeHT V. VlrJIa onYCKaeTCH, npoxo.n:I1T n neT.'llO, no.n:Be.n:eHHYIO
no.n: lIrJlY lllHpHTe.'Ie!\1. WHpHTeJlb Ha'lHHaeT .n:BHraTbCH Ha3a..'l., oTny-
CKaH neTJllO.
MOMeHT VI. WlIpHTeJlb U neT JIHTeJIb paCXOJJ,HTCH B pa3Hble CTOpO-
HbI. VlrJIa npo.n:OJI}KaeT onYCKaTbCH .n:O KpaHHero HH}KHerO nOJImKemlfi
H COBMeCTHO C HHTenpIiTHrIlBaTe.'leM npOH3Bo.n:HT 3aTH}KKY CTe)!<I<a.
HHTKH CTe}KKa cBepxy pacno.1JaralOTCH Ha naJibue 4 JlanKIL npn
H3rOTOBJleHIIH CJle..'l.\"lOiIlIIX CTe)l{KOB, nOC.le Bblxo.n:a neT.'lH C na.'lbua-
JlanKH, Ha KOHue CTpO'lKH nOJlY'laCTCH «c.la6HHa» (CM. pHC. 180, a).
no TaKoMY npIIHl1.liny pa60TaeT lllBciiHaH ;\1aIllIIHa 67-ro K.lacca
n."\3 .n:JlH ClllHBaI-IllH BCTblK TeXHI1'leCKHX TKaHei'I II MalllI1II8 77-ro K.lac-
ca n.\\3 JJ,.151 CllIHBaIII-IH BCTh[\{ lllCpCTHHblX TKaHel1.
Ha H3rOTOBJleHHe O;J,HOHUTO'lHOrO KpaeBoro CTe}KKa paCXO..'l.yeTCH'
60JlblllaH .n:.1JlIHa HIITKH. TaK, HanpH\tCp. npli ClllliBaHHH BCTblK JJ,D '{
CJlOeB CYKHa lllBOM lllnpHHoii 16 MM (B pa3BepH)"TOM Bn.u.e) Ha Ka}K.J.hli
268
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PHC. 181. CxeMa o6pa30BaHHJI OAHOHHTO'iIiOro KpaeBoro CTCiKKa

CTe}l{OK pacxollyeTcH 72 MM HMTKM. TaKoro pacxo.n:a HMTKH Ha CTe}KOK
He HMeeT HH o.n:Ha .n:pyraSI Kpae06MeT04HaSI MalilMHa.
MeXaHIi3M HHTenpliTSIrHBaTeJISI )l,OJI}KeH 06ecne4liTb JlerKOe c!VIa-
TblBaHHe C 606HHbl 60JlblilOli }lJlHHbI HHTKli li He .n:onYCKaTb ee 06pbIBa.
YCJIOBHH AJIH nOJIY4eHHH Llen04Ku, npu ClilliBaHHli MaTepHaJIOB Ha
MalilliHax, BbInOJIHSIlOIlI.liX LlenHYlO CTP04KY, .n:eTaJIH li3.n:eJIHH, no.n:aBae-
Mble n004epe.n:HO no.n: JIanKY MamHHbl, KaK npaBliJlO, pacnOJIaralOTCH Ha
HeKOTopOM paCCTOSIHliH .n:Pyr OT .n:pyra. n03TOMY i\lalllHHa .nomKHa 06ec-
ne4HTb 06pa30BaHHe CTe}KKa npH OTCYTCTBHH ClllHBaeMoro MaTepliaJIa,
HJIH, KaK rOBopSIT, MalllHHa .n:OJl}KHa .n:eJlaTb «Llen04KY». nOJIY4eHHe
«uen04Kli» B OCHOBHOM 3aBliCliT
OT KOHCTPYKUliU MexaHli3Ma
peHKH, JIanKH, HrOJlbHOH nJIa-
CTUHbl H OT HaTH}KeJ.IHH BepXHeH
HHTKH.
TaK, HanpliMep, .n:JISI Malllli-
Hbl 0.n:HOHHT04Horo U .n:BYXHliTO'-l-
Horo uenHoro CTe}KKa He06xo.n:u-
MO (pHC. 182), 4T06bI HrOJIbHaSI
nJlaCTHHKa liMeJIa C3a.n:li npo-
.n:O.,'IbHOrO OKHa I (.n:.'.JSI HrJIbl)
nepeMbI4KY 2, a 3a nepeMbI'-IKOH
.n:OJI}KeH 6blTb O.n:HH pSI.n: 3y6beB
peHKH. B TOT MOMeHT, Kor.'J.a
HrJla onycKaeTcH BHli3, npH COB-
MeCTHOH pa60Te C neTJlliTeJIeM
PHC. 182. 06pa30BaHHe «LleIlO'iKH» TaM- 6
6YPHbiM WBOM 0 pa3yeTcH CTe}KOK, HHTKH npe-
.n:bI.n:Yll.{ero CTe}KKa 6y.n:YT npH-
}KaTbI JlanKOH K nepeMbI4Ke 2
HrOJIbHOIl nJlaCTHHbI, 4TO 6y.n:eT cnoc06cTBoBaTb 06pa30naHH1O CTe}KKa.
npH nepeMeIll.eHlili peHKH BBepx ee 3y6bH 6y.n:YT npli}KliMaTb K lirO.lb-
HOR nJIaCTHHe «uen04KY» H nepeMeIll.aTb ee. 06pa30BaHHe CTe}KKOB
B 3TOM CJlY4ae 6y.n:eT npoHcxo.n:HTb H 6e3 HaJlH4HSI ClllHBaeMoro Ma-
TepliaJIa. CYIll.eCTBeHHoe BJlHHHHe Ha nOJIY4eHHe «uenO'-lKH» OKa3bIBa-
eT HaTSI}KeHUe BepxHeH HHTKH H .n:aBJleHHe JIanKII Ha Hro.1IbHYlO n.1a-
CTHHKY. ECJlIi HaTSI}KeHHe BepxHeif HliTKli 6y.n:eT Be.1liKO, TO npH nepe-
Mell.{eHlIH Ifr JI'bI B HU}KHee nOJIO}KeHlie, T. e. npli 3aTSIrHBaHHH CTe}KKa,
BepXHHSI HUTKa 6y.neT nepeMell.{aTbCSI H3-no.n: JIanKH Ha pa60TalOll.{erO,
H CTe}KOK (a CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, H «uen04Ka») 06pa30BbIBaTbCSI He C!VIi)-
}KeT.
B Kpaeo6MeT04HbIX MalllHHax CTe}KKH pacnOJIaralOTCH Ha naJIbue
JlanKH H naJIbu.e HrOJIbHOli nJlaCTliHbl; .n:.r1H 06pa30BaHHSI CTe}KKOB 6e3
ClllHBae}lOrO MaTepHaJla He06xo.n:HMO, 4T06bl naJIbu.bI HMeJIH .nOCTaT04-
HbIH KOHYC H 6blJIH XOpOlilO OTnOJIHpOBaHbI.
B HeKOTopbIX MalllHHax (HanpliMep KeTTeJIbHbIX) .n:JlSI nOJIY4eHHH
«u.en04KH» CTe}KOK TaK}Ke pacnOJIaraeTCH Ha naJlbu.e. nepeMeIll.eHHe
CTe}KKOB Ha naJIbu.e npOHcxo.n:HT no KOHH4eCKOH nOBepXHOCTH C 60JIb-
lllHM HaKJlOHOM. CTe}KKH npli 3aTSIrliBaHHH nepeMeIll.alOTCSI no KOHYCV
naJIbu.a, H 3THM 06eCnetIHBaeTCSI 06pa30BaHHe «u.enOtIKli». -

r naB a XII
YCTPOACTBO lllBEAHblX l\\AlllHH,
BblnOJ1HSllOllI.HX UEnHblE CTPOI.JKH
ij
I. MaUluHa 28-ro KJIaCCa nM3
MallluHbI 28-ro KJIaCca n.\'\3 BbInOJlHSIlOT O.n:HOHHTOtIHYlO u.enHYlO
CTpOtIKY H npHMeHHlOTcSI .n:JISI rnHTbSI rOJIOBHbIX y60pOB (pHC. 183)
B MallIHHax, BbInOJIHHlOll.{liX u.enHYlO CTPOtIKY, rJIaBHblH BaJI 06bItIHO
pacnOJlaraeTH BHli3Y Kopnyca (B nJIaT4>opMe). MexaHH3M peRKH He
UMeeT YCTpOHCTBa .n:JISI 06paTHoro nepeMeIll.eHHSI MaTepHaJIa, H nono-
MY OH 3Ha4HTeJIbHO ynpOll.{aeTCSI. npO.n:OJIbHOe H nOnepetIHOe nepeMeIll.e-
HHe peHKa 06bltIHO nOJlYIJaeT OT .nBYx 3KCu.eHTpHKoB, pacnOJIO}KeHHbIX
Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY Ma-rnliHbI. Waf CTpOtIKH perYJIlipyeTcSI H3MeHeHHeM
3 Kc u.eHTpHCHTeTa Y 3Kcu.eHTpliKa npo.n:OJIbHOrO nepeMeLIJ,eHHSI HJIH q3-
MeHeHHeM nJIeqa Y KOpOMbICJIa, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha BaJlY no.n:atIH. PbI-
tIaf MexaHH3Ma HHTenpHTSIfHBa'TeJIH (BepXHeli HHTKH) 06bItIHO 3aKpen-
JISIeTCSI Ha CTep}KHe lirJIOBo.n:HTeJlSI H nOJlytIaeT JI.BH}KeHHe BMeCTe C
HliM.
HH}KHHH (fJIaBHbIH) BaJI MaUlliHbl nocpe.n:CTBOM 3y6tIaTOH nepe.natIH
 .n:BYMSI napaMH KOHHtIeCKHX rneCTepeH C nepe.n:aTOtIHbIM OTHorneHHeM
l= I : 1 npHBo.nHT BO BpaIll.eHlie BepxHlil1 ,BaJI, KOTOpbIH CJIY}KHT .n:JISI
C006Il1.CHHSI .nBH}KeHHSI Hf JIOBo.n:HTeJIlO H HHTenpHTHfHBaTeJllO.
Ha nepe.'l.HeM KOHue rJlaBHOrO BaJIa 1 3aKpenJIeH Bpall.{alOll.{HR'.:
KplOtIOK-neTJlHTeJIb 5, KOTOpbIH, pa60TaH COBMeCTHO C HfJl Oi'l , nepenJIe-
TaeT HHTKY H 06pa3yeT O.n:HOHHTOIJHYlO u.enHYlO CTpOtIKY.
MexaHH3M nepeMell.{eHHSI MaTepHaJIa - pee4HblH. PeHKa 6 npHBo,
.lUTCSI B .n:Bli}KeHlie OT .nBYX 3Kcu.eHTpHKoB, 3aKpenJlCHHbIX Ha rJIaBHO\l
BaJIY MaUlliHbI, cnpaBa OT neTJIliTeJISI. npaBblH 3K::U.eHTpHK 2 nocpe.n:.
CTBu0:vI UlaTYHa 3 c006Il1.aeT ropli30HTaJlbHOe nepCMeIll.eHHe peilKe, JIe-
BbIH 3KCU.eHTpHK 4 no.n:HliMaeT ee H onycKaeT.
HHTenpHTSIrHBaTeJIeM CJIY}KHT HfJlOBo.n:HTeJlb 9, B OTBepCTHe 8 KO-
TOpOfO 3anpaBJIHeTCSI HHTKa. npH .n:BH}KeHHH lirJIOBo.n:HTeJIH BHH3 HHTK8
oCBo60}K.n:aeTcH, a npH .n:BH}KeHHH BBepx BbI6lipaeTcSI C neTJIHTeJIH, npo-
H3BO.n:liTCH 3aTSIrHBaHHe CTe}Klj:a H CMaTbIBaHlie C KaTyrnKH HHTKH, H3-
pacxo.n:oBaHHoH Ha CTe}KOK. .IJ:JlHHa CTe}KKa pefYJIHpyeTcH H3MeHeHHeM
.3Kcu.eHTpHCHTeTa Y npaBOfO 3Kcu.eHTpHKa. .l1.aBJIeHHe JIamm perYJIHi>Y-
eTCSI BliHTOM 7.
B MaUlHHax, BbInOJIHHlOIlI.liX u.enHbIe CTpOtIKH, tIaCTO npHBo.nHOH
UlKHB YCTaHaBJIHBalOT Ha HH}KHeM BaJIY (fJIaBHoM), o.n:HaKO 3TO He
Bcer.na onpaB.naHO.
271

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B LJaCTHOCTH Ha MalillHiC 28-ro K.lJaCCa CllIIIBaIOT I-JeCKOJIbKO CJIOeB
1<apTOHa (npH 3arOTOBI,e cpypa}l{CK) II I-Ja HrJIY nCpe.n:alOTCH 60JILlllHe
) CH.lI1H COnpOTIIBJICHH5I npOKOJI)' 3TH YCHJIHH nepe.n:aIoTcH Ha 3y6bH
lllceTepcH. Oc06eHllO 60.nblllHe )'CH.nHH B03HlIKaloT Ha 3y6bHX weCTepeH
npIl nO.l0:\!Ke OCTpHH Hr.nbI. Bee 3TO npHBOll.lIT K 6bleTpoMY H3HOCY 3Y-
6beB weCTepeH H.nH HX no.nOMKe.
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PIIC. 183. CxeMa MaWIUlbl 28-ro.K.laccil nM3
nO.71OMKa 3y6bes weCTepeH 6y.n:e.i YCTpaHeH<I, ('CJIll npHBo.n:HOH
WKIIB paCnOJlO:>KHTb Ha BepXHeM Ba.ny 10 Tor.n:a Ha UlecrepHH 6y.n:YT
nepe.n:aBaTbcH TOJIbKO YCH.nIlH, He06xoll.HMble !I..nH nepeMelllcUHH MaTe-
pua.na H 06Bo.n:a neT.nH neTJIHTe.neM. 3TH VCHmlH lIeBe.nHKH H cTa6u.nb-
HbI. npHBO.n:HOH WKHB Ha.n:o YCTaHaB.nHBaTb Ha TOI na.ny, Ha KOTOpO:\!
OT MeXaHH3MOB B03HHKaIOT HalI60JIbWHC YCIl.'IH5I.
2. MawHHa Jl,BYXHHTO'lHOrO CTe:>KKa 38-ro KJlaCCa nM3
MawHHa 38-ro KJIacca nM3 (pHC. 184), npelJ,Ha3Ha'IeHuaH .n:.nH
CWHBKH TKaHbIX MeWKOB, HMeeT MexaHH3ILI: neT.lIITc.'JH, peHKH, Hr.1Jbi
II HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJ1H.
KpI040K-neTJIHTeJIb npH BbmOJ1HeHHH .n:BYXIIHTOlIHOrl uenHofl CTp04-
KH HMceT .n:Ba Jl,BH:>KeHHH: nonepeK H B.n:O.nb CTp04KH.
272
TaKoe C:IO.i-KHOe ;J.BIIIKCHIlC Kpl04Ka MO:>KeT 6LlTb ocymeCTB.neHO npo-
CTpaHCTBCHIlblMII ;\ICXaHIl3la:\!H C wapOBbnm wapImpHblII1 COell.HHC-
HMH:\1H.
f.naBHbli'i BaJI 16 ;\IaWIlHbl pacno.naraeTCH BHH3)' (B nJlaT4>opMe) II
nocpe.n:cTBO:\1 KO.leHa 15 H WaT) Ha 14 c006maeT BepxHeMY Ba.1Y 5 B03-
BpaTHo-noBopoTHoe .1BHj-KeHue. Ha BepxHe:\! Ba.ny 3aKpcn.leHo !l.Byn.'le-
PIIC. 184. CxeMa MaWJlHbl 38-ro K.lacca nM3
'lee KOpOlbIC.nO 9 3a.:J:Hec n.le40 8 3Toro KopmlLlc.na wapHHpHO CBH3a-
Ho C Be.1.YWHM waTYI-lo:\1 1-1, OT KOToporo BepxHHfl ,Ba.n nOJIY4aeT CBoe
B03BpaTHo-noBopoTHoe ..'U3IfJKeIIlIe; Ha nepe.1.He:\! n.lellC 10 3aKpen.leu
wapoBoH na.'1eu, KOTOpLli'! OXBaTblBaeTCH BepxHeff ro.l0BKOfl llIaTYHa 18.
HHIKH5IH rOJIOBKa waTYHa 13 nO;J;ooHbl:\! lKe wapoBbJ:\1 coe.n:HHeHHe:\1
CBH3aHa C }r.l0Bbl\1 pLl'larml 22.
BepxHHH rO,'JOBKa 19 yr.l0Boro pbl'lara 22 T5IrOrI 28, I!:\Ielowerl TaK-
me wapoBble ro.lOBKH, CBH3aHa C ..'J:ep:>KaBKOIf 25 KpIo4Ka-neTJ1HTe.nH 27
THra 23 co06w.acT KPl04KY ero OCHOBHoe ,'I,BH:>KeHHe - Ka4aHue Ha
wapHHpHoH OCM B KpoHlllTeflHe, KOTopbIi'I 3aKpenJIeH Ha BaJIY 24.
273

KpIO'lOK nepcMclllaeTcH TaK>KC B.n:OJlb JlHHJUI CTpOtIKH. CMelllcHHc
KplOlJKa B.n:OJIb JIHHHH CTpOlJKH B onpe.n:eJIeHHble MOMeHTbI npOHCXo.n:HT
OT 3KcLleHTpHKa 18, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY MalllHHbI, lJepe3
BHJlKY 17, CH.n:HlllYIO Ha KOHLle KalJaIOlllerOCH BaJIa 24.
CooTBeTcTBYIOlllee nOJIO>KeHHe KpIOlJKa OTHOClfTeJlbHO Hr JIbI o6ecne-
lJlfBaeTCH Ha.n:JIe>KallleH YCTaHoBKoH onopHoro KpOHlllTeHHa Ha KalJaIO-
'-LleMCH BaJIY 24, H3MeHeHHeM .n:JIHHbI THrH 23 H YCTaHoBKoH 3KcLleHTpH-
Ka 18 Ha rJIa-BHOI\l BaJlY MalllHHbI.
MexaHH3M npo.n:BH>KeHHH TKaHH - peelJHblH. PeHKa nOJIYlJaeT npo-
AOJIbHOe nepeMellleHHe OT 3KcLleHTpHKa 33, 3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha rJIaBHOM
BaJIY MalllHHbl lJepe3 lllaTYH 32 H BaJI no.n:alJH 28. BeJIHlJHHbI CTe>KKa
perYJIHpYIOTCH nepeCTaHoBKoH naJIbua 29 B na3Y 31 perYJIHTOpa 30,
BaKpenJIeHHOrO Ha BaJIY no.n:alJH, lJeM H3MeHHeTCH ero yroJI KalJaHHH, a
cJIe.n:oBaTeJIbHO, H .n:JIHHa CTe>KKa.
BepTHKaJIbHOe nepeMellleHHe peHKa nOJIY'-IaeT OT 3KcLleHTpHKa 26,
3aKpenJIeHHOrO Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY MalllHHbI. JIanKa npH>KHMaeTCH
CHJIbHOH nJlaCTHHlJaTO:H npY>KHHO:H 6. IlaBJleHHe JIanKH Ha MaTeplfaJI
perYJlHpyeTcH BHHTOM 7.
OT BepxHero BaJIa 5 lJepe3 KOpOMbICJIO 3 H lllaTYH 2 nOJIYlJaeT .n:Blf-
>KeHHe HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIb 1, Ha KOHLle KOToporo 3aKpenJleHa HrJla. Ha Hr-
JIOBo.n:HTeJle 3aKpenJIeH pbIlJar HHTenpHTHrHBaTeJIH 4, lJepe3 YlllKO KO-
Toporo 3anpaBJIHeTCH BepxHHH HHTKa. HHTenplfTHrHBaTeJlb 21 HH>KHeH
HHTKH 3aKpenJleH Ha pbllJare 22 H KalJaeTCH BMeCTe C HHM. 4epe3 ponl'K
20 npoxo.n:HT HH>KHHH HHTKa. PerYJIHpOBaHHe HaTH>KeHHH BepxHeH HUT-
KH oCY'-LlecTBJlHeTCH nOBopoTOM raHKH 1 J, a perYJlHpOBaHHe HaTH>Ke-
HHH HH>KHei'i HHTKH - nOBopoTOM rai'IKH J2.
B YKa3aHHoi'i KOHCTPYKLlHH MalllHHbl neTJIlfTeJlb 27 nOJlYlJaeT npo-
.n:OJlbHOe nepeMellleHJle OT KOpOMblCJIa 9, 3a.Kpen.leHHoro Ha BepxH1
BaJIY lJepe3 lllaTYH J3, yrJIOBOH pbllJar 22 H THry 23.
TaKaH KOHCTpYKLlHH, XOTH H o6eCnelJHBaeT cor.laCOBaHHOCTb .n:BH-
iKeHHH neTJIHTeJlH H HrJIbI, o.n:HaKO BbI3bJ.BaeT .n:onOJIHHTeJIbHYIO HarpY3-
KY Ha HH>KHIOIO rOJIOBKY lllaTYHa 14 H KOJIeHO 15 rJlaBHOrO BaJIa OT
HHepLlHoHHbIX CHJI JleTaJIe:H MexaHH3Ma npo.n:OJIbHOrO nepeMellleHHH
neTJllfTeJIH, a 3TO, B CBOIO OlJepe.n:b, He .n:aeT B031O:iKHOCTlf nOBbIlllaTb
CKOpOCTb BpallleHlfH fJIaBHOrO BaJIa MalllHHbI.
OCHOBHble MexaHH3Mbl nOJlYlJaIOT .n:BH>KeHHH OT rJIaBHOrO BaJla !\Ia-
llJHHbI. BepXHlfii KalJaIOlllHiicH BaJI 4 nOJIYlJaeT .n:Blf>KeHHe OT KOJIeHa 26
r.'JaBHoro BaJla 1 lJepe3 .n:bllllJlO 2 H 3a.n:Hee KOpOMblCJIO 3 KalJaTeJlbHOe
.n:BH>KeHlfe BaJla 4 C nOMOlllbIO nepeAHero KOpOMblCJIa 5 H llJaTYHa 6
npc06pa3yeTcH B B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJlbHOe ABH>KeHlfe HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH
8, a cJIe.n:oBaTeJlbHO, H HrJI 9 K lllaTYHY 6 BHHTaMH KpenHTcH HlfTeno-
.n:aTlJHK 7 BepxHlfx HHTOK. -
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IlByxHroJlbHaH nJlOCKOlllOBHaH TpexHHT04HaH lllBeHHaH MalllHHiI
76-A KJlaCCa, cxeMa KOTOpOH nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 185, npe.n:Ha3HalJaeTCH
.n:JlH no.n:llIlfBaHlfH KpaeB 6eJIbeBbIX TpHKOTa>KHbIX H3.n:eJlHH. PaccToH-
HHe Me>K.n:y lfrJIaMH 4 MM. MaKCHMaJlbHaH lJaCTOTa BpallleHHH rJIaBIIOrO
BaJIa 3800 06/MHH.
MalllHHa HMeeT MexaHH3MbI: lfrJIbI, neTJIlfTeJIH, nepeMe'-LleHlfH MaTe-
pHaJIa, HHTeno.n:aTlJHKa. MexaHlf3MbI CMa3bIBaIOTCH aBTOMaTHlJeCKH OT
llleCTepeHlJaTOrO Ha-coca 25, CMOHTHpoBaHHoro B nOACTaBKe MalllHHbI.
ITeTJle06pa30BaHHe npolf3Bo.n:HTCH O.n:HHM KpIOlJKOM-neTJIlfTeJIe\1 20
(c .n:ep>KaBKOH 21, BaJIOM 22, lllaTYHOM 23) H JlBYMH Hr.'IaMIf.
274
.I.
PeIIKa 10, 3aKpenJIeHHaH Ha pbI4are no.n:alJH 15, npo.n:OJIbHoe nepe-
Me1ll.eHJ:le nOJIY4aeT OT 3KcLleHTpHKa no.n:alJlf 11 C perYJlHpyeMblM 3KC-
LleHTplfcHTeToM lJepe3 lllaTYH 12, KOpOMblCJIa 13 H 14. ITepeMellleHHe B
BepTlIKaJIbHOH nJlOCKOCTH peHKa nOJIYlJaeT OT 3KcLleHTpHKa J6 lJepe3
nOBo.n:OK 17. JIanKa 18 3aKpenJIeHa Ha CTep>KHe 19, nep eMe lllaI01ll.eMcH
B HanpaBJlHI01ll.HX BTYJIKaX ItJPOHTOBOi'1 lJaCTH Kopnyca MalllHHbI.
MexaHu3M neTJIUTeJIH (puc, 186), B npoLlecce BbmOJIHeHHH nepe-
nJleTeHlfH HHTOK neTJIHTeJIb 8, 3aKpenJlCHHblH B Jlep>KaBKe 6, nOJIYlJaeT
BMeCTe C BaJlOM 9 .n:Ba ABH>KeHlfH: KalJaTeJIhHoe JlBH>KeHHe B nepneH-
275
I
22 21 10
 " }
}»HC. }85. CxeMa nnOCKOWOBHOii MaWHHbI 76-A Knacca '
L
3. nJlOCKOUloBHasr MaUlHHa 76-A KJIaCCa nM3

:umy.'1}lpIIOJI n.'10CKOC rH K nepel\1ellleHlIIO MaTeplIa.la II n03Bp3THO-nO-
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Jla 1 O:"BaTblBaCT nepXH5IH lllapoBaH rOJlOBKa lllaTYHa 3. HmKH5IH ero
rO.'lOBKa COeJ1.HHCHa C KOpOl\1bIC.1JOM 4. 3aJ<pen.'lCHHbIM Ha na.1Y 9 Bpa-
Il1.aTeJlbHOe .nBH}I{eHHe rJlaBHOro BaJla OT KO.'lCHa 2. IIepe3 lllaTYH 3 H
KOpOMblCJlO 4 npe06p830BbI133eTCH B Ka-
43TC.'JbHOe .1J.BIIlKeIllIe BaJla 9 BMeCTe C
.n:ep}l{aBKOII II neT JlIITeJlel\L
3KcueHTpHK 10, 3aI<pCnJleHIIbIH H3
r.1aBHOM BaJlY, OXBaTbIBaCT ncpe.n:HHH
rO.10BKa lllaTYHa 11 3a.n:HHH rOJlOBKa
lllaTYHa lllapHlIpHo coe.n:IIHeHa C MY4JTOH
12, CB060J1.HO nOCa}l{eHHOII Ha BaJlY neT-
JlIITe.1H Me}l{J1.Y ,lBYMH ynopubIMH KO.'lb-
Ua.MH 13 H 15. CnpaBa My<!na HMeeT
B 11.1 KY, I<OTOp3H OXBaTbmaeT KaMeHb Ha-
npaB.1HIOIl1.erO CTCp}l{HH 14, 3aKpenJleH-
Hora B Kopnyce M3lllIlIIbI.
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TCJlH.
PerYJlHpOBKa MexaHH3Ma. KeaiiIIee
npaBoe nOJlO}l{eIIIIe neT.1HTeJlH OTHOCII-
TeJlbHO npaBoH HrJlbI vCTaHaBJlUBaeTcH
nOBopoTOM .n:ep}l{aBKII 6 w Ha BaJlY 9, npe.ll.-
BapuTe.'lbHO oTI<pen.lHeTCH CTH}I{HOH BHHT 5. ITOJlO}l{eHHe neTJllfTeJlH no
BbICOTe OTHOCHTeJlbHO Hro.lbHoH nJlaCTHHbl perymrpjeTCH nepeMeIl1.eHII-
e:\f ero B OTBepCTIIlI ;J:ep)KaBKII Ha cooTBeTcTBYIOmyIO Be.'1H'-IIIHY Ilpen:-
napUTeJlbHO lIc06xo1J.IIMO oTKpenHTb BHHT 7
KYJla40K-HJITenO,1J.aT4HK 24 (CM. plfC. 185) HH)KHe'I HHTKH 3aKpen-
JleH Ha r.1aBHO;\1 aJlY ;\lalllHHbI. KaK OTMe4a.lOCb paH(e npH pacOIOTpe-
HHH npou:ecca oopa30BaHHH CTe)[{Ka, HHTcnO.J.aT4IIK ..'I.O.'l}l{eH BbI6paTb
pe3epBIYlO HH)I{HlOlO HHTKY B MOMeHT nxo.J.a IIr.1 (ux 3aKOJla) B neTJ1IO
HII}I{HCU HHTKII.
13
12
/1
10
PHC. 186. M.exaHH3M neT-
nHTenH MaUlHHbl 76-A
I<nacca
4. nJIOCKOmOBHaH MamHHa 876-ro KJlaeCa nM3
(pIle. 187)
lI.ByxlIro.1bII3H n.10CKOlllOBHaH MalllHHa npe.J.Ha3Ha4eHa .n.'1H no.J.-
lllIIBKU Kpaen 6c.'lLeBbIX H3.J.CJlHlr H3 JlerKOro H 3.1aCTII4HOrO TpIIKOTa)!\-
lIoro nO.10THa. OT.1JII4aCTCH OT MalllIIHbl 76-.\ I<.laCca \ BCJlH4eHHblM Bbl-
.1eTOM pYKaBa ..1.0 240 M:\I. -
B rO.10BKC lllaTYHa 2, oXBaTbIBalOIl1.elr KO.1CHO r.1aBHoro BaJla 1, yc-
T3HOB.1JeH IIrOJlb4aTbIII no.n:lllHnHIIK 5. 3TO .'I.a,10 B03MO}l{HOCTb nOBbl-
CIITb CKOpOCTHOll PC}I{HM pa60Tbl MallllIHbI .no 5000 CTe}l{KOB B MHHYTy
3a.n:Hee KOpOMbIC.'10 3 Ha BepxHcM BaJlY 4 yeTaHOBJlcHO CJleBa (a He
cnpaBa, KaK B MalllIIHC 76-..\ K.1JaCca).
276
f
KOIICTPYKUHH :\lcxaHII3:\IOB HrJlbl, nCTJlHTCJlH, HHTeno.n:aT4IIKOB alIa
.1JOrH4Ha MexaHII3:\la:\1 :\lalllIIHbl 76-A KJlaCca.
ITcpeMeIl1.eHHC ClllHBaeMbIX MaTepHaJlOB oCYIl1.eCTBJlHcTCH .n:HItJ<PCpCH-
lilla.lbHbIM TpancnopTepoM, cxei\la I<OToporo nOK83aHa Ha pIIC. 18S.
TpaHcnopTep I1:\lccr.nm' pelIKIf: OCHOBHYIO 3a.nHlOIO 3 If nep c .n: H1 Olo
(.n:II<p<pepeHUHaJlbH 10) 2 lI.JlH YCTpaHeHHH BbITHrHnaHH5I TpIIKOTa)[{a
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CTep)!{He 5 pbl4ara nO.J.a4H MaTepHa.'la 6. BHYTPH CTep}l{HH 5 npoxo-
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Ka 2. B cepe.n:IIHe pbI4ara no.n:a4H 6 Ha CTep}l{He nepe.nHeH pei'IKH 3aK
pen.leH nOBo.nOK 8, HanpaBJlHlOIl1.HH BblcTyn 28 KOToporo BXO.n:lfT B na3
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I\lblC.1a 11, 3aKpen.leHHoro Ha IBa.'lY nO.'l.a4H 13.
CnpaBa Ha TOM IKC Ba.1JY no.n:a4H 3aKpen.1JeIIO BTopoe KOp0l\1b1C.l0
9, lllapHJlpHoi'I OCblO 27 coe.'l.HHeIIHoe C 3a.n:HlfM n.1C40M pbl4ara nO.J.a-
4H 6
l(a4aTeJlbHOC .J.BIDKeHlfe BaJl no.n:a'-llf 13 (a c.'1e.n:OBaTeJlbHO, H ropII-
30HTaJlbHOe nepeMeIl1.eHHe pbI4ar no.n:a4H 6 H pei'IKH) nOJlY4acT OT
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277

OT BTOpOrO 3KCLteHTpHKa 23 IJepe3 lUaTYH 25, lUapHHpHO coe.n:HHeH-
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BepTHKaJlbHOe nepeMellleHHe.
fOpH30HTaJlbHOe nepeMellleHHe 3a.n:Hei'1 peHKH 3 3aBHCHT OT 3KC-
LteHTpHCHTeTa 3KCLteHTpHK8 17.fopH30HT8J1bHoe nepeMellleHHe nepeA-
HHH peHKa 2 nOJlY'-I8eT OT KOpOMblCJla 11 'lepe3 nOJl3YH 12, coe.u.HHH-
TeJlbHoe 3BeHO 10 H nOBo.u.OK 7 BMeCTe co CTep>KHeM 29. BeJlH'-IHHa ne-
B npo.n:OJlbHO:\1 na3Y (oKHe) YKa3aTc,lH nOca.ll.KH 19, 3apenJleHHo:\1 Ha
Kopnyce Ma'lllHHbI. ECJlH CTep)l{eHb C raiiKOH 18 3aKpenHTb B BepXHeM
nOJlO}/(eHHH na3a YKa3aTeJlH noca.ll.KU 19, TO '-Iepe3 pbl'larH 20 H 21,
3BeHO 16 nOJI3YH 12 6y.neT YCTaHOBJIeH B BepxHee nOJIO}/(eHHe, H nepe.ll.-
HHH pei'fKa nOJIy'-lHT MaKCHM8JIbHOe ropH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMellleHHe.
Ha 6a3e MaUIHHbl 876-ro KJIaCCa pa3pa60TaHbl H BbmycKalOTCH Ba-
pHaHTbI MaUIHH, npHBe.ll.eHHbIe B Ta6JI. 18.
K.IIacc I HaSHa'leHHe MaWHH
876 6a30BaH KOHCTPYKLlHH
576 TpexllronbHaH ,nJlH nplllUIlEaHIIJI na-
eTOBHLl e no,nCBeTOM Mecra elllHBKII nc-
pCA Ha>KHMHOH nam<oil. PaeeToHHllc
MC>K!l.Y KpaitHH"H HrJla\1II 6 MM
776 TpexHronbHaH c ,nJl<!J<!JepcIILlHa.1bHbIM
ABHraTeJlCM TKaHH AnJi nOJl.WHIJKH 6cnb-
CBbIX TpHKOTa>KHbIX H3Ae,1Ilii. PaeeToH-
HHe MC>K;l.Y HrnaMH 5 MM. HO>K .llnH
06py6KH HHTOK nocJle BbIxoa H3CJJHJI
H3-no,n JlanKH
PHC. 188. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma AHcJltPepeHl.IHanbHOH nO;J.a'lH
peMelileHHH nepe!{HelI peiiKH 3aBHCHT elile H OT Toro, H8 KaKOM paccTO-
HHHH nOJI3YH 12 YCTaHOBJIeH Ha KOpOMbIc.'Ie 11 OTHOCHTeJIbHO BaJI8 no-
.u.a'lH.
3TO paCCToHHHe ?>W}/(HO perYJIHpOBaTb, H 'leM .lI.aJIbUIe y.u.aJIeH nOJI-
3YH 12 OT BaJIa no.n:a'lH, Tel\l 60JIbIlIee ropH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMelileHHe
HMeeT nepe.u.HHH pei'IKa 2. COoTHoUIeHHe nepeMelileHHH nepe.u.HelI peH-
KH K 3a.u.HeM MO}/(HO perYJIHpOBaTb OT 1 : I .n:o 2: I (T. e. nepe.u.HHH
pei'IKa MO}/(eT nOJIY'-IIlTb ropH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMelileHHe, B 2 pa3a 60JIb-
IlIee, 'leM 3a.ll.HHH).
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KpenJIeHHLl:\1 ha BaJIY 22. Ha nepe.u.HeM KOHI-le BaJI8 3aKpenJIeH pbI'lar
20 faMKa 18 HaBHH'leHa Ha CTep}/(eHb pbI'lara 20. CTep}/(eHb npOXO,!l.HT
278
976 .D.ByxHronbHaJi ByxHJlTo'moro Llcn-
HOro eTe>KKa c ,n11<!J<!JepcHLlHa.1bHbIM
llBllraTcnCM TKaHIl .llJlH HaIllHBKJI.nOJlOc
H3 TpJlKOTa>KHoro nOJlOTHa K enOpTlIB-
HbIM TpHKOTa>KHblM I13JJ.C.1i151:\\
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CxeMa BHnO.llHReMoro WB'
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279

np0.JO.1iKCIIIIC
npO!I.OJl>KeHIIC
Knacc I Ha3Ha'leHHe MaW Hit'"
CxeMB BbinonHlleMoro WBa
l'laCC I [1..t3113'ICIlHe MaWHHN I Cxe"a Bf>lUOnHJleM.OrO llIR3
976-1 .llByxHrOJlbHaJi 1.1H CTa'lIlBaHIIH cpe;J.- Lj
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1076 lJ,ByxHronbHaH 1l.lH nO.J.IlIIInKH hpa-
eB 6e.1beBblx TpllhOTa>KHblX 113.'1C.1 II II. 01
FaCCTOJlHlle Meili.'1Y IIr.13:\1!I 4 :\DI
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OTlle.10'lHbIX CTpO'leK TlIna 3alllIlIlOB e  Ujunbl
npOK.1allblBaHIIe:\1 B 1lI0B IIlHypa
10,0-1 4cTblpexllro.1bHaH !I..1J1 BhInO.1HCHIISJ **Ujunbl
or,ne.l0'IHbIX CTpO'leK Tllna 31'IllHnOB e
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1276 0.1110Hro.1bHaJi .'1.1SJ OKaHTOBKH 3apa- !jJ
60TaHHoii 6eflKOII Kp3J1 BepXHH'\ Tpl!-
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,lIIH1 C npOK.1aJlblBaHIIeM B 1lI0B pe3H-
IOBOii TeCb\Ibl
1476 lJ,BYXllro.1bHaJi llnH nplllllll!JaHIIJI
::maCTI!'1HOH neHTbl K Kpal(. H31e.'1Hii
«BHaX,1eeT»
1576 TpexHro.1bHaH llnH npH:III1BaHHH 3na-
eTII'IHoi'I TeCbMbJ  KpalO TpHKOTa>KHbIX
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nepeA CIlIIIBaHlleM. HMeeTCH HO>KeBOe
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1676 lJ,BYXHrOJIbHaH JI.JIH npHIlIHBaHHH 6e-
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Ha 4 MM (pHC. 193,8)
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no OTHomeHliIO K HrJIe, HymHo, nOJIb3YHCb oTBepTKoH, oCB060.n:liTb BliH-
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38 py6eiKoM H8XO.n:HT UIlipoKoe npliMeHeHlic, oc06eHHo npH H3ro-
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,ZJ:JIH o,ZJ:HoBpeMeHHOI'O CT8'-1I1IB8HHH
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npliMeHHeTcH B TpHKOT8iKHOH npOMbIUIJIeHHOCTH; KJI8CC8 408-A-
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neTJII1TeJIH JI.JIH BbInOJIHeHI1H JI.BYXHliTO'lHOH uenHoi'1 CTpO'-lKli liMeeT CJIe-
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CBOliM 3eBOM OXBaTbIBaeT Ky.iJHCHbIH K8MeHb 3, a HliiKHee ero nJIe'-lO
BXOJI.HT Me>K.n:y HanpaBJIHlOlllHMli KOJIbuaMH 6, KOTopble 3aKpCnJIeHbI
BI1H:aMI1 Ha BaJIy 7 OCb 18 3aKpenJIeHa Ha KpOHUITcHHe 5. KpoH-
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BaJI 7 nepeMea.uaeTcSI BO BTYJIKaX, 38npeccoBaHHbIx B OTBCpCTHHX
KopnYC8 MamHHbI. H8 nepeJI.HeM KOHue BaJI8 7 3aKpenJIeH pbl'-lar 8,
BBepxy B oTBepCTHe KOToporo BXOJI.HT XBOCTOBHK neTJIHTeJIH 9 H 3aK-
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1 291
Ha 6a3e oJI.HolirOJIbHOil MaUIliHbI 208-ro KJIaCCa C03.n:aHa Kp8e06-
MeTOtIH8H JI.ByxHrOJIbHaH MaUIHHa 308-ro KJI8CCa, BbInOJIHHIOlllaH TJK
Ha3bIB8eMbIH yCHJIeHHbIH UIOB. nepenJIeTeHHe HHTOK B UIBe cBepxy
CUIHB8eMoro MaTepHaJIa nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 194, a, nepenJIeTeHlie HHTOK
CHH3Y - H8 pliC. 194, 6. TaKoH UIOB H8XOJI.HT npHMeHcHHe B TpHKoTaiK-
HOM npOMblUIJIeHHocTli.
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IllliHbI 208-ro KJIa'CCa TeM, qTO B lirJIo.n:epiK8TeJIe 3aKpenJIHIOTCH .n:Be Hr-
JIbI. J13McHeHa COOTBeTCTBeHHO KOHCTPYKUHH JI8nKli li HrOJIbHOH nJIac-
THHKH. OCTaJIbHbIe MexaHH3MbI Te iKe.
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PbI4ar 8 4epe3 THry 10 C UIapOBbI:\m UIapHIipa:\111 coeLlIlHeH C pbl'-larO:\f
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B nOCJle.n:HIix cepIiHx MaUIIiH 208-ro K.'laCCa Ii 408-x KJlaCCOB UIec-
TepHIi 15 Ii 16 Hacoca nOJlY'-laIoT BpallleHJle OT fJlaBHoro BaJla M8UIIi-
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Per y .'1 Ii P 0 B K a Me x a H JI 3 Man e T JI Ii T e JI H. CBoeBpeMeH-
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TOB, 38KpenJlHIOIllIiX 3KcLleHTpllK Ha rJIaBHOM Ba.'1Y MeCTOnOJIO}KeHIfe
neTJlIiTe.'1H 9 OTHOCIiTeJlbHO Iir,lbl pery.1lIpyeTcH C:\lellleHIieM pbI'-Iara 8
Ha BaJIY 7 PaccToHHIie KpoHUITerma 5, a CJle!lOB8TeJlbHO, Ii OCIi 18 OT-
HOCIiTe.lbHO rJlaBHOro BaJla 1 MO:>KHO pery,ulpoB8Tb, JI TeM Ca:\>lbIM
petYJlIipyeTcH BeJIH'-IIiH8 npo;J:OJlbHOrO nepe:\lellleHHH neTJlIiTeJlH 9
Ha 6a3e MaUIIiHbI 408-A K.'18'cca BbmycKael'CH vlaUIIiHa 508-ro KJlaC-
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292
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9. KpaeOOMeTOllHaH MaUJHHa 1208-ro KJIaCCa P3J1M
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TeJIeM 17, npHKpenJleHHblM K HH:>KHeH rO.lOBKe lllaTYHa.
Han60JIee HarpyiKeHHble no.n:BH:>KHble nOBepxHocTH JI.eTaJleH: Illapo-
Bble lllaTYHbl, llleflKn KOJleH rJIaBHOrO BaJia H JI.p. pa60TaIOT B MaCJlH-
HOM TYMaHe, a K OCTa.'1bHbIM JI.BH:>KYIllHMCH nOBepxHocTHM MaCJIO noJI.-
B01l,HTCH c)3HTHJlHMH.
B BepxHeH '-Ia'CTII Kopnyca Ma'CJlO c06HpaeTcH B :>KeJI06KH 21 H 26.
OT :>KeJI06Ka 26 Tpy6KoH H c)3HTHJleM 29 MaCJlO nOJI.aeTCH K lllaTYHY 33
H .3KCeHTpHKY 4 MexaHH3Ma HO:>Ka. no :>KeJI06KY 21 MaCJlO CTeKaeT B
60KOBOH pe3epByap B, npHKpenJleHHblH K Kopnycy MaIllHHbl, oTKy.n:a
c)3HTHJleM 31 nOJI.aeTCH KOCH 32 pbllJara MexaHH3Ma HO:>Ka, a Tpy6KOH
II c)3HTHJlHMH 30 K lllaTYHaM 36 H 37 H .3KCeHTpHKaM 1, 2 H 3. npH 06-
paTHoM Te'-leHHH MaCJla B pe3epByap P OHO npOXOJI.HT lJepe3 OXJla:>K.n:a-
fOlllYIO KaMepy nOBepXHOCTH rJlaBHblX onop 06pa60TaHbI MeTOQOM
'(OHHHrOBaHHH .n:o 14-ro KJIaCCa '-IIICTOTbl, lJTO 06eCne'-lI:lBaeT 6bICTpblH
pa3rOH MalllHHbI II BblCOKYIO H3HOCOYCTOH'-IHBOCTb.
KOHCTPYKHH MexaHH3MOB HrJlbl, peHKH H HO:>KeH aHaJlOrH'-IHbI Me-
xaHII3MaM MalllHHbI «OBepJlOK» c)3npMbl «Meppoy». KOHCTPYKHH Mexa-
HH3MOB npaBoro H J1eBOrO neTJlHTeJleH aHaJlOrHlJHa MexaHH3MaM Ma-
IllHHbI 208-ro KJIaCca.
MalllHHa WbeT KpHBOH, H30rHYTOH no pa.n:HYCY, Hr J10H 27, JI.BH:>Ky-
llleHCH no JI.yre OKPY:>KHOCTH. 3TO .n:BII:>KeHHe IIrJle nepe.n:aeTcH OT K')-
JIeHa 22 lllaTYHoM 23, KOpOMbICJlOM C OCbIO 24. JIeBoMY neTJIHTeJlIO 7
JI.BH:>KeHHe nepeJI.aeTcH OT KOJleHa 11 lllaTYHO!\f 12 H KOpOMblCJlOM 8.
npaBoMY neTJlHTeJIIO 10 .n:BIi:>Kemle nepe.n:aeTcH OT KOJIeHa 18 1ll3TY-
HOM 16, KOpOMbICJlOM 15 H KYJIHCOH 14, nepeMelllaIOllleHcH Ha OCH 13.
nepeJI.HHH perlKa 6 3aKpenJIeHa Ha pbI'-Iare 35, a 3aJI.HHH peHKa 5 3(1-
KpenJleHa Ha pbllJare 34. BepxHHH HO:>K 25 3aKpenJIeH Ha pbI'-Iare '18,
a HH:>KHHH HO:>K 9 K Kopnycy Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY 3aKpenJleH npoTHBoBec
19 H IllKIIB 20, lJepe3 KOTOpbIH nepe.n:aeTcH BpallleHHe Ha MalllHHY 'jT
npHBo.n: a . MexaHH3M peHKH HMeeT lllaTyHbI C MaJIOM MaccoM. lllo1r
CTpOlJKH perYJllipyeTcH cMeHoH 3KcueHTpHKoB 1 H 2 ropH30HTaJlbHOrO
nepeMellleHHH perlKI!.
Ma'lllIlHa 246-K K.lacca BbmycKaeTcH B HeCKOJlbKHX BapaHTax:
246-K2 - JI.BYXHHTo'-lHaH H TpeXHHTOlJHaH, C HO:>KeBbIM YCTPOHCTBOM;
246-K3 - TpeXHHTO'-lHaH, C .n:Hc)3c)3epeHHaJlbHOH no.n:alJeH; 246-K4-
TpeXHHTO'-lHaH, C JI.I!c)3c)3epeHHaJIbHOM no.n:alJeH .n:J1H nOTaHHoH CTpO'-lKH.
3TOH c)3HpMOM BbInYllleH CneHaJIbHblH BapHaHT 06MeTO'-lHOH MaIllH-
Hbl «OBepJlOK» 246-K20 JI.J1H npOH3BoJI.CTBa MY:>KCKHX py6allleK, 6JIY3 H
:>KeHCKoro nJIaTbH H3 CHHTeTH'-IeCKHX TKaHeH. MalllHHa '-IeTblpeXHHTOlJ-
HaH JI.ByxHrOJIbHaH, C JI.BYMH neTJIHTe.'IHMH, C JI.Hc)3c)3epeHHaJIbHOH no-
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npoecc 06pa30BaHHH O.n:HOHHTO'-lHOrO KpaeBoro CTe:>KKa (CM. pHC.
181) HMeeT MHoro 061llero C npoeccoM 06pa30BaHHH JI.BYX- H TpexHH-
TOlJHOrO CTe:>KKa, nO.3ToMY H KOHCTPYKHH MalllIlH, BbInOJIHHIOIllHX BbI-
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295

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I j
,'\\aWIJII<I 77-ro 1,:Jacca 11,\\.3. npL'1.lIa3IW L ICIIH<lfI ,:J."UI WlIBKH, Wp-
CTHHLIX TK<lHCii BCTbIK. I1MeeT KOHCTPYIUUIIO, aHaJ10rH'-IH 10 KHCTp K-
IHIII M<lWI-IJlbl 51-A KJ1aCCa, H OT.1I14aeTCH OT Hee TOJIbKO (POPMOH neT.1H-
TeJ1H H WIIpHTe.1H. )'Be.'1H'-ICHHbHIH XOLlOM Jir,,'1bI (.J:o 32 1\11\1) 3a C'-IeT
YBeJIJi'-leHJiH paLlJi ca KOJIeHa r.'1aBHOrO BaJIa, Ko.'1e6aHIIeM neTmlTe.1H
Ji lllIlpIlTeJIH, LlOCTHrHYTbI:\1 YBe.1HlJeHIIeM paLlJiyca KpHBolllima neT.lH-
TeJIeH, pa3McpaMH na.'1bu.eB JIanKJi H H3MCHCHHbIM MexaHII3MO:\1 HIlTe-
npHT51rUBaTeJIH. YCTpOHCTBO :\lexaHII3MOB, IIrJlbl, neT"lJiTC,leH, peHKII.
HOiKeH paccMoTpeHo paHee (CM. MalllIIHY 51-ro KJIaCca) PaCCi\10TplI\1
:\lcxaHH3M HiiTenpIITHrIIBaTc,lH,. KOTOpblH pe3Ko OT.1II'-IaeTCH OT MeXd-
HII3MOB :J,pynlx MaIliIIH.
MexaHH3M HHTenpHTSlnmaTeJUI MaUJHHbI 77-ro KJIaCca. HiiTenpiiTSl-
rHBaTe,'lb ::noii MalllUHbl LlOJIiKeH 06eCnelJJiTb no.n:a'-lY cB060.J:HOii HJiTKII
neTJIIITeJIIO Ji lllHpHTeJIIO B npouecce 06pa30BaHJiH CTeiKKa.
npH LlBHiKeHliH Jir.lbl Ji3 HJiiKHerO nOJIOiKeHJiH BBCpX neTJIJiTeJIb 3a-
XBaTbIBaeT neTJIIO, Ji B 3TOT :\W:\leHT HIITKa .n:OJIiKHa noLlaBaTbCH HIlTe-
npJiTHrIIBaTeJIeM.
D.JIJiHa HJiTKJi l, He06xo:J,U;\laH :J,.lH 06pa30BaHllH CTeiKKa, Hanv ll -
Mep, B MOMeHT, YKa3aHHbli'I Ha puc. 181,11, 6y.n:eT, OlJeBIILlHO, paBHa
CY\{'Me Ll.'IIIH LlBYX BeTBei'1 OT BepxHei'1 nOBep\:HOCTU CllllIBaCMoro MaT-
pJiaJIa .n:o HOCJiKa neTJIJiTeJIH, T. e.
l=a6 +68.
B MOMeHT, YKa3aHHbIi'1 Ha pac. 181, V, 3Ta LlJIJiHa 6YLleT eIlle 60"lb-
llleH. OHa paBHa CYMMe ,D,JIHH BeTBeH:
l=af5 +6C+CZ+Z8.
npJi .n:BHiKeHHJi Hr,lbl BHJi3 Ji B03Bpaw.eHJiH neT,'IJiTeJIeH B JiCXO.J:-
Hoe nOJIOiKeHJie (CM. pJic. 181, VI) neTJ1H, c6pollleHHaH lllIIpJiTeJIc:\1 H
neTJIJiTeJIeM, .n:OJIiKHa 6bITb 3aTHHYTa HJiTenpJiTHrJiBaTeJIeM Ji JirJIoi'I,
JiHa'-le neTJIJiTeJIb, LlBJiraH'Cb BnpaBo LlJIH 06pa30BaHJiH cJIeLlYIOw. ero
CTeiKKa, 3aXBaTJiT He3aTHHYTYIO npeLlbILlYw.yIO neTJIIO Ji 060pBeT ee.
TaK KaK B 3TOT MOMeHT npOH-CXOLlHT nepeMew.eHJie HJiTKJi npeLlbI-
Ll} IlleH neT JIH '-Iepe3 :\laTCpJiaJI Ji YlllKO Jir JIbl, TO Jir.la LlOJIiKHa JiMeTb
.J:Ba LlJIHHHbiX iKeJI06Ka.
D..1IIHa HJiTKJi, Ji3paCXO,'I.OBaHHaH Ha 06pa30BaHJie CTeiKKa, LlO.rIiKHa
6blTb B ncpHoLl nepe:\1eIlleHJiH JirJIbI B HUiKHee nOJIOiKeHJie CMoTaHa C
606IIHbi. KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb paHee, Ha 06pa30BaHHe cTeiKKa lllI-lpJiHOn
16 :\IM npJi ClllHBaHJiJi CYKHa pacxoLlycTCH 72 MM HHTKII. HaJi60JIblllaH
LlJIJiHa cB060LlHOi'1 HlITKH Tpe6yeTcH B nO"lOiKCHJiJi,  Ka3aHHOM Ha pJic.
181, V. H IITenpJiTHrHBaTe.'Ib !lOJIiKCH OCBo60,'I.IITb HHTKY HeMHoro
60.'1blllCH LlJIHHbI, '-IeM 3TO Tpe6yeTcH. .
Y'CTpoi'lcTBO MeXaHJi3:\1a HIITenpJiTHfHBaTeJ1H nOKa3aHO Ha pnc. 198.
Ha 4>POHTOBOi'1 lJaCH! PYKaBa B na3Y 3aKpenJIeHa BIIHTOM 5 CK06a 4 C
LlBYMH oTBepCTJiHMH 13 Ji /4, '-Iepe3 KOTopbIe 3anpaBJIHeTCH HIITKa,
Ha pblqare 8 MeXaHJi3Ma Hr.rlbl .n:BYM51 BHHTal\lJi 10 3aKpenJIeH PbI-
'-Iar HJiTe'l1pJiTHrHBaTeJIH 9 C oTBepcTHeM /2.
B XOMyTJiKe 6 IIrJIOBOLlJiTeJIH JiMeeTCH oTBepcTHe 11, '-Iepe3 KOTopoe
TaKiKe 3anpaBJIHerCH HJiTKa.
296
Pblqar 8, a BMeCTe C HHM H pbl4ar HllTenpHTHrJiBaTCJIfl 9 no"lyqa!OT
J\84aTeJ1bHOe LlBHiKeHJ!C. Hx Kpai'ulHe nOJIO>KeHHH )'Ka3aHLI Ha PUC}}).
Ke: HII>KHee - cn.'IOlllHLIMH J1HHUHI\IH, BepxHee - nYHKTJipHbIMH. Kaqa-
Te lbHoe ,'I.BH>KeHHe pbl'-lara C nOMoIllbIO CepbrIl 7 Ji XOMYTJiKa 6 npe06-
pa3yeTcH B B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOe lI.BJiiKCHIH Jir J10Bo.n:HTeJ1H, a
C"le..'l.OBaTe"lLHo, Ji Jir.'Ibi. IIx nO.'lOiKeHJiH TaKiKe YKa3aHbi Ha '-IepTe>Ke.
HJiTKa OT 606HHLl 3anpaBJ1HeT-
CH CJIe..'l.YIOw.n:\1 06pa30M: MeiK J.Y
lllaii6a:\1u pery.1HTopa HaTHiKeHHH /,
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PHC. 198. MexalfH3M HHTenpHTHrHBareJUI IlIBeiiHoii MaWHHbl 77-ro Knacca nM3
THHLI 2, 3aTe:\1 '-IepC3 )'lUKO 12 pbIqara HlITenpJiTHfHBaTeJIH, '-Iepe3 OT-
nepCTJie 13 cK06Ll 4, 3aTeM BHI13 '-Iepe3 OTBepCTne 11 CepbrJi 7, '-Iepe3
o fBepcTHe 1.J cK06bl 4 Ji ,'I.aJIec B YUIKO IIr JILL
npJi nepeMeu.r.CHJiJi Hr JIOBO.3:JiTe"lH (Ji,,'IJi nr.lbl) Ji3 HJi>KHerO no.'1o-
>KeHIIH MeXaHJi3;\1 HJiTenpJiTHrJiBaTe,'lH OCB060>K,:I.aeT HIITKy 3a CqeT H3-
MCHeHHH '-ICTbI'pCX BCTBeH rK, KE, EB Ji BA.
Ll.1JiHa LorD oCB060iK'.n:eHHOii HHTKH npH nepeMeIlleHIiH MeXaHJi3:\la
B BepXHee nO.m>KHIle 6y.n:eT
LOCR=trK + KS +ER+ RA)-(rrd K1b' +Efll + RIA i.
97

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JI.JlHHY OCBo6o>K.n.aeMOH HIfTKH B He60JIbUUlX npe.n.eJIaX MO>KHO pe-
I'YJlHpOBaTb nepeMellleHHeM CK06bl 4 BBepx HJlH BHH3. OpH CUUlBaHIm
BCTblK CYKHa lliBOM UUlpHHOH 16 MM HHTenpHTHI'HBaTeJIb .n.OJI>KeH OCBO-
60>K.n:aTb OKOJIO 85 MM HHTKH, KpoMe .n:JIHHbI (OKOJIO 30 MM) HHTKH,
KOTOpyIO Y>Ke no.n:aCT HI'JIa npH nepeMeU-leHHH YU1Ka B KpaHHee nOJIO-
>KPHHe.
12. nO.n:UUlBO<lHaSi MalIJHHa 85-1'0 KJIaCCa nM3
MallIHHa npe.n:Ha3HalJaeTCH .n:JIH BblTIOJIHeHHH nO,J.llIHBOlJHbIX onepa-
[-lHH npH H3rOTOB.leHHH H3.n:e.rUlii H3 TOHKHX JIerKIIX TKaHei't. OHa n:aeT
O.n:HOHHTOlJHYIO «nOTaHHYIO», T e. HeBH.n:HMYIO C Jl Ifl.-le BOi'l CTOpOHbl
CTpOlJKY, COCTOHlllYIO H3 l.-lenHblX CTe>KKOB, paCnOJIO>KeHHbIX no.n: HeKOTO-
pbIM yrJIOM K JIHHIfH npo.n:BIDKeHIIH MaTepHaJIa.
npHHI.-lIfn pa60TbI, PaOOlJHMIf opraHaMH oopa30BaHHSI CTe>KKa SIB-
JISIeTCSI .n:yro06pa3HaSI «KpHBaSI» IIrJIa, KalJalOlllaHCSI B BepTHKaJIbHOH
nJIOCKOCTH, nepneH.n:HKYJISIpHOH K HanpaBJleHHIO no.n:alJH MaTepHaJIa,
H .n:BYXPO>KKOBbIH neTJlHTeJIb, COBepllIaIOlllHH CJIO>KHOe npOCTpaHCTBeH-
Hoe .!I.BIf>KeHIfe.
Cnel.-lHaJIbHbIM YCTPOHCTBOM .3TOH Ma'l1IIfHbl, KaK II Bcex no.n:llIHBOlJ-
HbIX MallIHH, 06pa3YIOlllIfX nOTai'mylO CTpOlJKY, HB.1JSIeTCSI MeXaHII3M TaK
Ha3bIBaeMoro «BbI!laBJIIfBaTeJISI» HJIH BbIrIf6aTeJISI :\faTepHa.1Ja, KOTopbIir
Bbl.!l.aBJIHBaeT MaTepHaJi lJepe3 npope3 HrOJIbHOil n.laCTIfHKH H COOTBeT-
CTBYIOlllHM 06pa30M BbIrH6aeT ero .n:JISI npOKOJIa IIr.l0iI. '
MaTepIfaJi no.n.aeTCSI BepXHeiI TpaHcnopTHPYIOlUeil 3y6lJaTOII .1an-
KOH, npH>KHM MaTepHaJia OCYllleCTBJIHeTCSI .n:BYMSI HH>KHHMIf no.n:npy-
>KHHeHHbIMII JIanKaMII.
npOl.-lecc neTJIe06pa30BaHHSI (pHC. 199) MOMeHT I (pIIC. 199,1)
I1rJIa HaXO.!l.HTCSI B KpaHHeM npaBoM nOJIO>KeHHH. 'U1KO HrJIbI Haxo.n.HT-
CSI npH .3TOM Ha paccToSIHIfH 15 MM OT BepllIHHbI BbI.n:aBJIHBaTe.;lH.
.l1.JIHHHbIH pO>KOK neTJIIfTe.'lSI OTCTOHT B .3TO BpeMSI OT OCH HrJlbI Ha pac-
CTOSIHHH 5 MM.
MOMeHT II (pHC. 199, Il), JIrJIa nepeMeCTlWaCb BJIeBO OT KpaiiHero
nOJlO>KeHHSI Ha 3 MM, oopa30BaB C BepxHeH CTOpOHbI HanycK neTJIII.
OeTJIIfTeJlb, .n:BlIraSICb K IfrJIe, HalJHHaeT BXO.n:IfTb B .3TY neTJIIO CHalJa.'1a
O.n:HHM pO>KKOM, 3aTeM .n:pyrHM.
MOMeHT III (pHC. 199, Ill). Hr.lJa npo.n:OJI>KaeT l{BHraTbCSI Ha.leBO.
YlliKO HrJIbI nepeMeCTHJIOCb BJIeBO OT Hcxo.n:Horo no.l0;.KeHHSI Ha 10 J\.1'1.
neTJIHTeJIb nOJIHOCTbIO 3aXBaTIfJI neTJIIO CBOlIMIf pO>KKaMH.
MOMeHT IV (pHC. 199, IV). neTJIHTeJIb, nOBOpalJHBaHCb npoTHB lJa-
COBOH -CTpeJIKH H B TO >Ke BpeMH nepeMelllaSICb cnpaBa IIaJIeBO, nepe-
HOCHT paCllIHpeHHYIO neT.1IO lJepe3 BbIrH6 TKaHIf Ha .1HHlIIo ABH>KeHIIH
Ifr.1JbI. B .3TO BpeMSI npOHcxo.n:HT nepeMellleHHe MaTepnaJla MexaHH3-
MOM no.n:alJIf B HanpaB.leHIIH OT pa60TaIOlllero. B:\leCTe C MaTepHa.l0:\1
nepCMelllaeTCH If neT JISI.
MOMeHT V (pHC. 199, V). HrJIa .n:BH>KeTCSI HanpaBo H BXO.n:HT oc-
TplIeM B neTJIIO, nO.!l.HeCeHHyIO K HeH neT.'1HTeJIeM. Jle3BHe HrJIbl npoxo-
.!I.HT B .3TO BpeMSI OlJeHb OJIH3KO OT HIf>KHerO pO>KKa neTJIHTe.IJH C 3a30-
pOM npHMepHo 0,3 !\1M.
298
...............
MOMeHT VI (pHC. 199, VI), 11 rJI a , npOJI.OJl>KaSI JI.BHraTbCSI HanpaBo,
HalJHHaeT npOKaJlbIBaTb 'MaTepHaJi. OeTJlHTeJlb, nepeMelllaSIcb 'B Han-
paBJIeHHH OT pa6 0TaIO lllero, BbIXO.n.HT H3 nepBOH neT JIH. I1rJIa BBOJI.HT
CBOIO BTOPYIO neT.IJIO B npe.n:bl.n:Y'lllyIO, nocJle lJero npol.-lecc nOBTopSIeT-
eTCSI.
KHHeMaTHlJeCKaSI cxeMa MallIIfHbI C YKa3aHHeM OCHOBHbIX .n:eTaJIeH
H COOp OK nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 200.
I1rJIa 6, H30mYTaSI no .n:yre OKPY>KHOCTH, 3aKpenJIeHa B HrJIOBo.n:H-
TeJIe 5, YCTaHOBJIeHHOM Ha KOHI.-le BepXHero BaJia 4, H B npol.-lecce pa-
60TbI cOBepllIaeT KOJIe6aTeJIbHOe .n:BH>KeHHe B nJIOCKOCTH, nepneH.n:HKy-
JlHpHOH K Hanpa-BJIeHHIO nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJIa. BepxHHH BaJI npH-
BO.n:HTCSI B KalJaTeJIbHOe .n:BH>KeHHe OT rJIaBHOrO Ba.1Ja 3 npH nOMOlllH
KpHBOllIJma H llIapoBoro .n:bIlliJIa.
npaBHJIbHaSI YCTaHOBKa HrJIbI OTHOCIITeJIbHO HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHKH,
a TaK>Ke OTHOCHTeJIbHO neTJIHTeJIH SIBJIHCl'CH O.n:HHM H3 YCJIOBHH HOp-
'laJIbHoII pa60TbI MallIHHbI.
I1rJIa npH KOJIe6aTeJIbHOM .n:BH}KeHJfH JI.OJI>KHa CKOJIbSHTb TOlJHO B
na3Y HrOJIbHOII n.1JaCTHHbI, C He60JIbllIHM YCHJIHeM npH>KHMaSICb KO .n:HY
:Horo na3a, He BbIXO.n:SI H3 ero npe.n:eJIOB. npH Kpai'IHeM JIeBOM nOJIO>Ke-
HHH HrJIbl JIe3BHe ee He .n:OJI>KHO BbIXO.n:HTb If3 HrOJIbHOII nJIaCTHHbI, HO
ylliKO Hr JIbI B TO >Ke BpeMSI JI.OJI>KHO 6bITb OTKpbITO, lJT06bI B Hero JIer-
KO MO>KHO 6bIJIO 3anpaBIfTb HHTKY. nOJIO>KeHJfe IfrJIbI B na3Y IfrOJIbHOH
nJlaCTHHbI peryJIlIpyeTcSI He60JlbllIHM CMellleHHeM HrJIOBo.n:HTeJISI 5
(pHC. 201) BMeCTe C HrJIoi'I B,J.OJIb BepxHero BaJIa, Ha KOHI.-le KOToporo
OH 3aKpenJIeH. Ope.n:BapHTeJIbHO HY>KHO OCJIa6HTb CTSI>KHOi'I BHHT 7 ro-
.'lOBKIf. 3aTeM JIerKIfMIf y.n:apaMH MOJIOTKa nepeJI.BHHYTb BTYJIKY 6 Bepx-
Hero BaJIa, K TOpl.-lY KOTOpOH npJfJleraeT HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIb, OCBOOO.n:HB
npe.!l,BapHTeJIbHO CTOnopHbIH BHHT BTYJIKH. I1rOJIbHYIO nJIaCTHHKY 2
:\IO>KHO cMelllaTb H no BbICOTe, TaK KaK BHHTbI 4 H 1, KpeTISIlllHe nJIac-
THHKY K Kopnycy MallIHHbI, BXO.n:SIT B OTBepCTHSI nJIaCTHHKH C HeKOTO-
pblM 3a30poM. I1r,'1a YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI .n:o ynopa H 3aKpenJISIeTCSI BHH-
TOM 3. B KpyroBoM HanpaBJIeHl1Jf HrJIa perYJIHpyeTcSI nOBopoTOM HrJIO-
BO.!l,HTeJISI OTHOCHTeJIbHO BaJIa B cooTBeTcTBYlOlllYIO CTOPOHY, .n:JISI lJero
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KpOMKH neTJIH, Ha nepe.n:HeH nepeMbIlJKe HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbI c.n:eJIaH
He60.[IblIIOH na3. B pe3YJIbTaTe npO.lI.OJIbHOrO nepeMellI.eHHH TKaHH If no-
nepelJHOrO OTKJIOHeHHH JfrJIW Ha TKaHH 06pa3yeTcH 3Hr3aro06pa3HaH
CTpOlJKa. Dpo.n:BH>KeHHe MaTepHaJIa npOHCXO!lHT TOJIlJKaMH - nOCJIe
Ka>K.n:oro YKOJIa Hr.lIbI.
3. Ha KOHLle np8'BofI KpOMKH H3rOTOBJIHeTCH nepBaH (3a'.n:HHH) 3a-
KpenKa (pHC. 205, II). I1r,la npH 3TO1 OTK.l0HHeTCH TaK >Ke, KaK H npH
06:\leTbIBaHHH KpoMKn, a .n:JIH YBe.IIHlJeHHH lIIHpHHbI 3Hr3ara KapeTKa
ABHraTeJIH TKaHH COBMeCTHO C JIanKa:\1H H 3a>KaTbIM Me>K.lI.Y HHMH Ma-
Tepna.'lOM nOJIYlJaeT TOJIlJK006pa3Hoe nOnepelJHOe nepeMellI.eHHe, KOTO-
poe cor.'1a'cyeTcH C nOnepelJHbIM nepeMellI.eHHe:\1 Hr.IJbI, TaK lJTO nepe.n:
BbIllOJIHeHHeM nr,'lOH .'IeBOrO YKOJIa KapeTKa ,'J.BHraTeJIH TKaHH CMellI.a-
eTCH BnpaBO, H Ha060poT. lllHpnHa 3Hr3ara npH 3TOM YBeJIHQHBaeTCH
H BbInOJIHHeTCH paBHofI lUHpHHe neTJIH.
Dpll 3rOTOBJIeHlIJf 3aKpenKH npOJLOJIbHOe nepeMellI.eHIfe KapeTKH
]l.BHraTeJIH TKaHIf npeKpallI.aeTcH.
4. DocJIe If3rOTOB.lIeHHH nepBoH 3aKpenKH nOnepelJHOe nepeMellI. e -
HHe KapeTKH JI.BHraTeJIH TKaHH npeKpallI.aeTcH; OHa OCTaeTCH CMellI.eH-
HOll BnpaBO H, KpO:\le Toro, OHa HalJIlHaeT nepeMellI.aTl>CH npo.n:OJIbHO
OT pa60TalOllI. ero . DpH 3TOM npoH3'BO.n:HTCH 06MeTbIBaHHe JIe'BOH KpOM-
KH neTJIH (pHC. 205, III) JIeBaH KpoMKa neTJIII pacnOJIaraeTCH npoTHB
na3a HrOJIbHOH n.'laCTHHbI.
DOnepelJHOe CMellI.eHHe KapeTKH .n:BHraTe.'IH TKaHH BMeCTe C MaTe-
PHa.l0M 6y.n:eT paBHo lIIHpHHe KpOMKH n.1IOC paccToHHHe Me>K.n:y KPOM-
Ka;\1H c.
5. DocJIe 06MeTbiBaHIIH JIeBOH KpOMKH BbIllO,'IHHeTCH BTopaH 3a-
KpenKa (pHC. 205, IV) TaK >Ke, KaK H nepBaH.
6. DocJIe H3rOTOBJIeHHH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH KapeTKa .n:BHraTeJIH TKa-
IiI1 nepeMellI.aeTCH BJIeBO HaCTOJIbKO, tITO cepe.n:HHa neT.IIl! pacnona-
307

III:
111 1
III
1 111
raeTCH npOTIlB na3a nrOJlbHOll nJlaCTIlHbI. 3aTe:\1 IIr.1a .n:eJlaeT CTe}KOI{
..'l..lH 3aKpenJleHIIH CTpOllKIl BO H36c}/(aHHe paCnYCKaHHH, II MaIlIH4,
a BTO:YI aTHlIeCKII OCTaH aB.1IlBaeTCH.
7 B :\1O:\1eHT BblKJIlOlleHHH MaIlIHHbl cpa6aTblBalOT TPII MexaHH3Ma'
:\lexaHII3:Yl BepxHero HO}/(a, npopy6alOlllero TKaHb Me}/(.n:y KpO:\IKa-
:\111 neT.1Il; MexaHH3M HH}KHerO HO}/(a, 06pe3alOlllero HHTKy; MexaHH3:.
nO..'l.1:>e:\la JlanOK.
BepxHIf11 HO}/(, onycKaHcb, BXO.n:HT B npo.n:OJlbHbIII na3 HroJlbHOl1
nJIaCTHHbI H pa3pe3aeT TKaHb Me}/(.n:y KpoMKaMH neT.'lIf. flpH}/(HMHbIe
.'IanKH aBTO:\laTHlIeCKIf nO,J.HHMaIOTCH H oCBo6o}/(llaIOT TKaHb.
npoLtecc o6pa30BaHHSI CTe}/(KOB, O.n:HOHuTollllaH uennaH- 3Hr3aro-
06pa3HaH CTpollKa 06pa3yeTcH B pe3YJlbTaTc COBMeCTlloii pa60TLI HrJlhl
H llBYX neVHlTe.lell (npaBoro H JleBoro) npn TO.ll1K006pa3Ho:\1 nC'pe:\fe-
llleHHH TKaHII B.n:OJlb neTJlH.
flpoLtecc 06pa30BaHH5I CTe}/(KOB 3TOII CTpOllKH nOKa3aH Ha pIlC. 206,
Ha KOTOpO:\1 pacnOJlO}/(eHIIC .n:eTaeH cooTBeTcTBeT BHlly ceBa (co
CTOpOHLI pa60TalOlllero) HrJla IlMeeT llBa ..'I.BmKeHIlH - B03BpaTHo-no-
CT naTe.lbHoe (BBepx II HH3) U nonepe4Hoe, a nCT.lI1TeJlH no.'IY4aIOT
B03BpaTHo-nOBOpOTIWe .n:BmKeHIle OKO.l0 CBOHX oceH 10 II 14 C aO\mJUI-
TV,J.oii Ko.le6aHHH OKO.l0 110°, nplllleM B onpe.1e.leHHble :\10MeHTLl neT-
.lHTe.1Il I-I:\1eIOT «BbICTOH», T e. OCTalOTCH HenO..'I.BmKHhl:\1I1.
Cxe:\la :\IexaHH3:\la neT.1HTe.rIefl nOKa3aHa Ha pIlC. 206, I l\a4aTeJlb-
Hoe ;I,BII}/(eHUe C BbiCToe:\1 npaBLlH neTJlHTe.lb 11 II .1eBb1H neT.llfTe"lb
13 no.1Y4alOT OT TpexLteHTpoBoro KYJla4Ka 1, 3aKpe-n.1eHHoro Ha rJlaB-
HO:\1 Ba.1Y 2 :\1aIlIHHLI. KYJla'-lOK 1 OXBaTbIBaeTCH 3eBO:\1 IlIaT)'Ha-BuJ1KH
3. B oTBepcTHe 4 BH.1KH BXO.a.UT naJleLt no.n:BeCKH 5, C'B06o.n:HO noca-
}/(eHHLlll Ha r.laBHO:\1 BaJl)' MaIlIHHbI. flpaBbIH KOHeu llIaTYHa-BHJlKU
llIapHllpO:\1 6 coe.n:HHeH C cepbroH 7, KOTopaH, B CBOIO 04epe.n.b, llIapHu-
pOM 8 coe,J.IlHeHa C KOpOJ\lbICJlOM .n.ep}KaBKH npaBoro neTJlUTeJlH, a
llIapHHpo:\1 16 - C KOpOMLlCJlOM 15 .n:ep}/(aBKI! .1eBoro neT,;lHTeJlH. 1\0-
pO:\lblc.'la 9 H 15 3aKpen.leHbI Ha OCHX 10 H 14.
flpH BpallleHIiH r"laBHoro BaJla naJleu 4 nO..'I.BeCK1I 5 onHCblBaeT .n.y-
ry OKPY}/(HOCTH, a llIaT)'H-BHJlKa 3 nOJlY4aeT OT TpexueHTpoBoro KY-
.1a'-lKa 1 ropH30HTaJlbHOe nepeMellleHI!e (c 'BLlCTOe:\1). KOTopoe npe06-
pa3yeTcH B Ka4aTe.lbHoe .n.BH}/(eIHle KOpOMbI'CeJl 9 I! 15 B pe3y.lbTaTe
:Horo Ka4aTe.lbHoe .n:BU}/(eHHe C BbiCToeM nOJlYlIaloT II 3aKpenJleHHble
B ,J.ep}/(aBKaX CBH3aHHble C OCH:\1H neTJlHTeJlH 11 11 13. 06a neT.1HTeJlSI
o,J.HoBpe:\leHHo no.'1YlIaIOT .a.BH}/(eHI-IH TO BnpaBO, TO B.'1eBO OTHOCHTeJlb-
HO I1r.1LI. MallIIIHa npI! nYCKe H3l1I-1HaeT 06:\1eTbIBaTb neT.'IH C npaBoro
 KO.la ur.lb1, n03TO:\IY U C 3Toro MOMeHTa 6y.n:e:\1 paCCMaTpHBaTb Halla-
.10 npouecca 06pa30BaHHH CTe}/(KOB.
OCHOBHLle :\1O:\leHTbl npouecca 06pa30BaHIIH CTe;.KKOB CJle.a.YlOlUHe
(PI-lc. 206)
MOMeHT I. I1rJla 12, B YllIl<O KOTOpoii C 3a..'I.Heii CTOpOHbI 3anpaBJle'
Ha BepxHHH HHTKa A, Haxo.n:HTCH B KpaHHeM HH}/(He}! nO.l0}/(eHHIl npH
npaBOM YKo.le 3Hr3ara, YllIKO ee onYCTHJlOCb HH}/(e BepxHeH n.'lOCKOCTH
I1rOJIbHOH nJlaCTHHbI Ha 14 MM. HUCHK JleBOrO neT.1I!TeJlH B 3TOT MO-
MeHT I1aXO..'I.HTCH Ha paccToHHHH 5,5 MM OT Hr.lbl I! .n:BH}/(eTCH K HfJle,
HOCIIK npaBoro neTJIHTeJlH y.n:aJlHeTCH OT Hr.'IbI.
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cpOp:vfbI. .
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HIIH HfJIbl HB.1HeTCH lIIeCTcpHH 8, 3aKpenJICHHaH lJeTblpb:\1H BlfHTa:\1H 9
Ha f.13BH0\1 BaJI\' :\1alllHHbI. C llIeCTCpHefl 8 HaXO!l.HTC5! B 3aQenJIeHJIH
lIICCTCpHH 12, >KeCTKO COe.'1.HHCHHaH C 3KCQeHTpHKO:\1 13_
WecTepHH 12 BpalllaeT'CH B .n:BYX IIrOJIblJaTblX n!?.'1.lIIHnHHKax (H:
pHC)'HKe He nOKa3aHbl), nOCa}[{eHHbIX Ha OCH 10 Eha OCb 3aKpenJIeHL
CTonopHbl:\1 BHHTO:\1 B OTBepCTIIH KOpn) C3 :vfalllHHbI. WeCTepHH 12. a
B:vfeCTe C Hefl I-I 3KcueHTplfK 13, H:vfCIOT 4acToTY BparucHHH B 2 pa3a
60.'1blIIYIO, lJe:\1 f JIaBHLIii Ba.'l :vi31l1HHbI. 003TOM)' 3a OlI.HH 060POT f JIaB-
HOfO B3JIa Hf,la .!I.e.1aeT .n:Ba B03'BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJILHbIX .n:BInKeHHH
(lI.Ba CTe>KKa) .
Ha 3KCUCHTpHK 13 nOca>KCH Hfo.1b4aTblfl nO.'1.lIIHnHlfK 14, KOTOpb1
O\.13aTbIBaeTCH HI-DKHci1 fOJIOBKOii lIIaTYH3 15, a BepXHHH CfO fOJIOBK,
lIIapHHpHbl\1 BI1HTO:\1 19 H f3lIKOii 18 COelI.III-leHa C KOpOMblCJIOM 17, 3a-
KpenJIeHHLl;\1 Ha 3a;J:HeM KOHQe 60KOBOfO Ka4alOlllefOCR BaJIa 20 Ba.1
pacnOJIO>KeH B ;J:BYX npH.1HBax PYKaBa MalIIHHbI.
Ha nepc;J:Hol KOHQe KalJalOlllefOCH BaJIa CTH)KHbnl BHHTO:vi 25 3a-
Kpen.1eHo mpelI.Hee KOp0:\1bICJI.0 24, np3BIH KOHeu KOTOpOfO lIIapHHHo
COe.'1.HHeH C BepxHefl fOJIOBKOII lII3TYHa 32. HH>KHHH fO.'lOBKa lIIaTyHa
32 H3lI.eTa Ha nOBO;J:OK 34, KOTOpbIll KpCnIlTCH C3a.'J.I1 Ha HfJIOBOlI.lfTe.1e
-35 CTonopHbnl BHHTO:vi 33.
IIf JIOBO.'I.HTC.'1b nepe:vielllaeTCH B BepTHKaJIbHbIX oTBepcTHHx Ka4alO-
lllellcH pai\1KH 28. OCbIO Ka4aHlfH paMKH -CJIY>KHT wapHlfP. 80, acoJIo-
>KeHHblll B oTBepCTIlII pYKaB3 MaWIiHbl If 3aKpcn.1cHHbIH faUKOH 31
B nepe.n:HHi'1 TOpCU wapHHpa BBepTblBaeTcH BHHT 27. B oTBepcTHe HfJIO-
BO.'1.HTeJIH BCTaB.;lHeTCH KO.16a HfJIbI H 3aKpen.'1HeTCH BHHTOM.
3TOT MeXaHI-I3M npe06pa3yeT !JpalllaTeJIbHOe .n:BH>KeHlfe fJIaBHOfO
Ba.'la C nO:\lOlQblO napbI weCTepeH, 3KcQeHTpHKa 13, lIIaTYHa 15 H KO-
pO:\lbICJIa 17 B Ka4aTeJIbHOe lI.BI-DKeHHe 60KOBOfO (Ka4aIO'lllefoH) Ba-
.'1a 20 H .n:a.1ce C n0:\10lllbl0 nepelI.HefO KOpO:vibICJIa 24 H lIIaTYHa 32 B
B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTe.1bHoe llBlDKeHHe Iff.'lOBO.'J.HTeJIH 85 C 3aKpenJICH-
Hoii Ha HCM Hf.'1oii.
nonepe4Hoe nepc:\lellleHHe HfJIOBO.'1.HTeJIb nOJIYlJaeT OT lI.pyr.?fO Me-
X3HH3Ma, Be.J.YlllHM 3BeHOM KOTOpOro HBJIHeTCH TpeXQeHTpOBbIH K) JIa
.'la40K 37, 3aKpenJIeHHbIH .n:BYMH cTOnopHblMH BHHTaMH 39 H 40 H
f.'1aBHOM Ba.1V MalIIlIHbl. BHHT 39 YCT3HaBJIH'BaIOT Ha JIblCKY fJIaBHOfO
Ba.'1a (nepBbl'ii BI1HT no lJaC0130H CTpeJIKC, eCJIIf cMoTpeTb Ha MaIllI-lH
C cppoHTa). Ky.'1a40K 37 OXB3TLIBaeTCH 3eBO:\1 BHJIKIf 44, OCblO Ka'-laHHH
KOTOpOH CJI >KHT IllapHHpHbIll BHHT 48. Ha 3;OM :iK.e BHHTe, nocacH3
C06alJKa 42 KOTopaH nO;J:>KIIMaeTCH npY>KHHOII K xpanOBOMy .n:HCKY 41
80 H36e>Ka;me nOJIO:\IKII HfJIbI H nCTJIHTeJIell c06a4Ka 42, ynHpaHcb B
3\'6 xpanoBofo .'1.I1'CKa, He n03BOJIHeT fJIaBHoMy BaJIY nOBepHYTbCH B 06-
P'3THYIO CTOPOHY (oc06eHI-IO -13 nepHo.n: BbIKJII04eHHH MawIiHbl). _
B BepxHcH 4aCTH BHJIKH 44 HMeeTCH npHJIHB, nocpe.'J.cTfloM .KOTOpO
ro OHa lIIapHHpHbIM BHHTO:\I 38 coe.n:IIHeHa -c HH>KHen fOJJJBKOH waT
Ha 16.
31:2
Bep:\HHH fOJIOBKa lIIaT) H8 wapHIlpHbnl BIiHTO:\I 22 COelI.HHeHa I3
O;J:O.'1bHOM na3Y C OTpOCTIWM 60KOB0I1 pa:\IKH 23. OCblO KalJ3HHH
(lP M "' 23 CJIY>KHT 60KOBOH BaJI 20 MexaHH3Ma B03'Bp3THo-no'CTyna-
pa ,-
JIbHOfO .n:BH}[{eHHH IIfJIbl.
Te C nepe.n:HIlM OTpOCTKOM paMKH 23 lIIapHllpHbnl BHHTO:\1 26 COelI.H-
Ha THfa 29. HH>KHHH fO.'10BKa nOlI THfH 3I<CQeHTpH4HbI\1 lIIapHHp-
H: IM BHHTOM 36 coe.n:HHeHa C KalJalOllleHcH pa:viKOll 28 IIf,/JOBO.'J.IITeJI5!.
;KueHTpn4Hblfl BHHT 36 C 3a;J:HeH CTOpOHbl 3aKpen.1cH fallKOH 55 npII
BpallleHHH fJIaBHOfO BaJIa OT 3aKpenJIeHHoro Ha Heyl TpcxQeHTpoBofO
Ky.1a4Ka 37 BHJIKa 44 nOJIYlJaeT Ka4aTeJIbHOe .n:BH>KeHHe C «BLICTOe:vi»,
a 4epe3 lllaT)'H 16 3TO .n:BH>KeHI1e nepe.'1.aeTCH 60KOBOlI paMKe 23 H lI.a-
lee -c nOMorublO THrH 29 Ka4aIOlleikH pa:\1Ke 28 Hf.'lOBO!l.HTe.rIH. Ka4a-
lllaHcH pa:viKa 28, a BMCtcTe CHell I1 HfJIOBo.n:HTe.1b ,C Hf.10ii nOJIY4aloT
60KoBoe nepeMellleHHe 13 TOT nepHO.n:, KOf..'l.a Hf.'1a BbIH.n:eT H3 MaTepH-
aJIa. I1fo.llbHaH nJIaCTHHKa 46 3aKpenJIeHa B na3Y nJIaTcpopMbI B!1tI-
TO:\1 45.
KpoMe BelI.YlllHx 3BeHbeB :vieXaHH3Ma I1fJIbl Ha f.1a BHO:\I BaJIY 3aK-
penJIeH .n:BYMH CTH>KHbIMH BIIHTaMH 48 4epBHK 47 \leXaHH3Ma 3aKpe-
(lOK, a BHHTaMH 50 H 51 KonHp nOlI.a4I1 52, H3fOTOBJIeHHbllI KaK OlI.Ha
;J.eTaJIb C TpexQeHTpOBbIM KYJIalJKO:vf MexaHII3Ma neTJIHTe.;lell.
Ha nepe.n:HeM BbIcTyne BTYJIKH 53 cB060.n:HO nOCa>KeHa no.n:BC'CKa
54 BHJIKH lIIaTYHa MexaHH3Ma neTJIHTe.'1eii.
Ha 3a!l.HeM KOHQe fJIaBHOfO BaJIa BHHTOM 56 H wnOHKoii >KeCTKO
3aKpenJIeH pa60lJHli lIIKHB 1 MaWHHbI, H3fOTOBJIeHHblH KaK o.n:Ha .!I.e-
TaJIb C KYJIa4KO:vf 2 MexaHH3Ma OCTaHOBa MaWHHbI.
B :vieXaHH3Me Hf.'1bl I1:vieIOTCH CJIe.n:YIOlllHe pefYJIHpOBKI1:
1. PefYJIHpO'BaHHe nOJIO>KeHHH HfJIbI no BbICOTe (QeHTp YWK3 HfJIbI
B KpaHHeM HH>KHeM nOJIO>KCHHH .'J.OJI>KeH onycKaTbcH Ha 14 :\IM OT Bepx-
Hell nJIOCKOCTH HfOJIbHOIf n.1acTHHbl, CM. pllC. 206, I)
3TO pefYJIHpOBaHI1e npoH3Bo.'J.HTCH nepeMellleHHeM ca:\lOfO HfJIOBO-
llHTeJIH 85 B OTBepCTfm nOBO.'1.Ka npH oCJIa6JIeHHOM CTonopHoM BHH-
Te 33.
2. CBoeBpeMeHHocTb B03I3paTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOfO lI.BH)KeHH5! HfJIbI
B COOTBeTCTBHIf 'C lI.BII>KeHHe:\1 neTJIHTeJIeH .!I.OCTHfael'CH nOBopoTOM lIIec-
repHH 8 Ha fJIa'BHOM Ba.1Y MaWHHbl npH oCJIa6JIeHHblX BHHTax 9.
3. BeJIll4IiHY nOnepelJHOfO nepeMellleHIIH Hf.1bl (lIIHpmlY KpO:\1KH)
pefYJIllpYIOT nYTe:vi nepe:\lellleHIIH lIIapHHpa 22 (oTKpemIB fallKY 21) B
na3Y paMKH 23. OpH 3aKpenJIeHIiH wapHHpa 6JIH>Ke KOCH Ka4aHHH
paMKH 23 nonepe4Hoe nepeMellleHHe HfJIbl YBe.IIH4HBaeTcH, H Ha06opoT.
4. KaK YKa3blBa.;10cb paHee, Hf JIa .n:OJI>KHa nepeMelllaTbcH Ha 0.n:I1-
HaKOBYIO BeJIHlJHHY BnpaBo H BJIeBO OT npo.n:OJIbI-IOfO na3a HfOJIbHOii
nJIaCTHHbI. 3TH nO.10>KeHIIH Hf JIbI YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH nOBopOTOM 3KC-
Ll e I-ITPH4HOfO BHHTa 36 nOCJIe oCJIa6JICHIIH fallKH 55.
CBoeBpeMeHHocTb nOnepelJHOfO nepe:vierueHHH HfJIbl 06eCnelJHBaeT-
CSI YCTaHoBKOll TPCXQCHT'POBOfO KYJIalJKa 37 CTonopHbnl BIIHTOM 39 Ha
.1bIcKe f JIaBHOfO BaJIa II B npoQecce Ha.'la!l.KH MalllIlHbl pefYJIIIpOBaHHIO
lie DOlI.JIe>KHT.
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313

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B KOTopoe nOMellleHa caJILHHKOBaSI Ha6JfBKa. B HrOJIbllaTbIe nO,.'I,IIIJfn-
HHKH OCH 10 MaCJIO no.a.aeTCSI <pHTHJISIMH OT MaCJIeHKH 11
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pa60Ta B npol.{ecce 06pa30BaHHSI CTe>KKa paccMoTpeHa paHee. CxeMa
MexaHH3Ma npHBe.n:eHa Ha pHC. 206. Ha pHC. 208, a nOKa3aHO KOHCT-
PYKTHBHoe o<popMJIeHIfe 3Toro MexaHIf3Ma.
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MH BIIHTaH 2 H 3 C lIIapoBbIMH Ha>KHMHbIMH KOHLlaMH (pHC. 208, 6)
TaKoe KpCnJIeHHe .n:aeT B03MO>KHOCTb perYJIHpOBaTb B He60JIblIIHX
npe.n: cJIax nOJIO>KCHHe KyJIallKa Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY KYJIallOK 1 H3rOTOB-
JISIeTCSI COBMeCTHO C .n:HCKOM KonHpa no.n:a'-lH II OXBaTbIBaeTCSI 3eBOM
BHJI'KH 4, KOTopaSI y.a.ep>KHBaeTcSI nO.!I.BeCKOH 5. Oo.a.BecKa cB060.n:HO no-
Ca>KeHa Ha nepe.a.HIOIO BTYJIKy rJIaBHOrO BaJIa. OaJIel.{  no.n:BeCKH BXO-
.a.HT B oTsepcTHe BHJIKH. BHJIKa COCTOHT H3 .n:BYX lIa-CTeH; cBaSI lllellKa
7 BHJ1KH KpenHTcSI K OCHOBaHHIO .n:BYMSI BHHTaMH. OpaBbIH KOHel.{ BIfJI-
KH coe.a.HHeH C cepbroll 8 lIIapHHpHblM naJIbLleM 9, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM B
cepbre .a.BYMSI BHHTaMH. Cepbra CBOHMH npoYIIII1HaMH coe.n:HHeHa lIIa-
HHpHbIMH IIInHJIbKa:vm 11 C OTpoCTKaMH BaJIHKOB 12u H 14 neTJIHTeJIClI
BaJIHKH nOMellleHbI B OTBCpCTHSIX .n:BYX KpoHIIITeHHoB 10 H 13, npH-
KpenJICHHbIX BHHTaMH K nJIaT<p0pMe MalllHHubI. llT06bI npH HaJIa.a.Ke Ma-
lllHHbI MO>KHO 6bl.10 nepeMelllaTb KpoHlllTeHHbl (BMecTe C BaJIHKaMIf H
neTJIHTeJISIMH), OHH KpenSITcSI K nJIaT<p0pMe lIepe3 cyxapH (Ha PHCYH
Ke He nOKa3aHbl)
H? 3a.a.HHX KOHuax BaJIHKOB BHHTaMH 17 3aKpCnJIeHbI AC>KaTCJI}I
15 H 16, B KOTOpblX CTonopHbIMH BHHTaMH 19 KpcnSITcSI npaBbIH nCTJIH-
TeJIb 20 H JIeBbIH 21 Ha npaBoM .n:ep)KaTeJIe 15 KpenHTcSI TaK>Ke HO>h
18 .n:JISI 06pe3aHHSI HHTKH.
B na3Y nJIaT<popMbI BHHTOM 23 3aKpenJICHa np e .n:o x paHHTeJIbHa5I
nJIaCTHHa 22, KOTopaSI CJIY>KHT ynopoM H He .n:aeT HrJIe OTOHTH B CTO-
314
u'
I
II!
[
pOHY OT neTJIHTeJIeH. KpoMe TOro, 3Ta nJIaCTHHa YJIYlIlliaCT YCJIOBHH
o6pa30BaHHSI HanYCKa neTJIH OKOJIO YlllKa IfrJIbI.
B MexaHH3Me HMeIOTCSI CJIe.n:YIOlllHe perYJIHpOBKH:
1 CBoeBpeMeHHocTb no.n:xo.n:a neTJIHTeJIeH K HrJIe npoH3BoAHTCSI no-
BOpOTOM KYJIallKa 1 Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY (CM. pHC. 208, 6) ECJIIf BHHT 2
oCJIa6HTJ., a BHHT 3 3aBepHYTb, TO KYJIallOK 1 nOBepHeTcSI OTHOCHTeJIb-
HO rJIaBHOrO BaJIa npoTHB lIa'COBOH CTpeJIKH, a TaK KaK rJIaBHbIH BaJI
Ma'UIHHbI BpalllaeTcSI no lIa'coBoH CTpe.1JKe, TO neTJIHTeJIH 6y.n:YT nepeMe-
lllaTb'CSI n03>Ke. ECJIH >Ke BHHT 3 oc,la6HTb, a BlIHT 2 3aBcpHYTb, TO KY-
JIallO K 1 nOBcpHeTcSI OTHOCHTCJIbHO rJIaBHOrO Baa no lIaCOBOll CTpeJI-
Ke H neTJIHTeJIIi 6YAYT nepeMelllaTbCSI paHblIIe.
PHC. 209. MexaHH3M npollo.1bHoro nepeMelLleHHH TKaHH
2. KpaHHHe nOJIO>KCHHSI nCTJIHTCJIeii (OTHoCHTeJIbHO IfrJIbJ) (CM.
pHC. 206, VI, VIII) YCTaHaB.l1HBaIOTcSI nOBopOTOJ\l Aep>KaTeJICH 15 H 16
Ha BaJIHKaX 12 If 14 npIf oCJIa6JICHHbIX BHHTax 17
H 3. OOJIO>KCHIfe nCTJIHTCJIeH no BbICOTe If3MCHSICTCSI HX nO.ll'bCMOM
JIH onYCK3HHCM npH oCJIa6JIeHHbIX BHHTax 19, C nOMOlllblO KOTOpbIX
neTJIHTeJIH KpenSITCSI B YCTaHOBOllHbIX OTBCpCTIfSIX .rr.cp>KaTCJIeH.
MexaHH3M nepeMell.{eHuSI TKaHH (puc, 209). MexaHH3M ncpeMellle-
HHSI TKaHH CBSI3aH C MexaHH3J\IOM 3aKpcnoK. TKaHb, Ha KOTOpOH .'lOJI>K-
Ha 6bITb H3rOTOBJICHa neTJISI, npH>KHMaeTcSI JIa-nKaMH K KapeTKc no.n:a-
IHi 27 KapeTKa no.n:allH npH 06McTbIBaHHH KpOMOK neTJIIf nOJIVlIaeT
npO.QOJIbHoe ncpcMelllcHHe, a npH BbmOJIHCHJIH 3aKpenoK _ non'epclI-
lioe nepcMellleHHe. OOCJIC BbInOJIHeHHSI nepBoH 3aK'pCnKH KapcTKa no-
llalJH npo.n:OJIbHO nepeMclllacTcSI B 06paTHYIO CTOPOHY
Ii Ha pHC. 209 nOKa3aH BH.a. CHH3Y Ha McxaHH3M nepeMelileHHSI TKa-
I{ KapeTKa no.n:allH 27 'CHH3Y HMeeT npo.n:o.1JbHbIH na3 41 (pHC. 209,8),
OpblM OHa YCTaHaBJIIfBaeTCSI Ha BblcTyn T -o6pa3Horo HanpaBJISIIO-
315

w,ero nOJl3YHa 3:3. Do 3TOMY BblCTyny KapeTKa nepeMelllaeTcH B.n:O.'lb
nJlaTcpopMLI. .
KpoMe Toro, C HIDKHeii CTOpOHbI I<apeTKH .no.a.atUl HMeeTCH .nplI/I.1B
28 C LlHJlHH.a.pIl4ecKHM OTBepCTlleM, B KOTOpbIH BXO,'J,HT rnapoBoH na.'leu
29. lllapoB0I1 na.leLl 29 H3rOTOBJlHeTCH KaK o.a.Ha eTab C HanpaB.ilH-
10W,IIM nOBo.a.KOM, KOTOpbIH BXO..'I.HT B na3 MaTOlJHOI1 raI!KII 38 H coe.a.lI-
HHeTCH C Hei'l OCblO 87 B TO:\I }Ke na3Y MaT04HoH raHKH BCTaBJleHa
npY}KHHa 30, KOTopaH C.'lY}KHT 6ycpepoM (pnc. 209, a). .
- DpH nepeMelllemIH B npaBoe Kpai'lHee nOJlO}KeHHe (KpIIHee n.l0-
}KeHIIe OT pa60TaIolllero) Ka'peTKa no.a.alJII 27 CBOIfM BbICT) nOM 28 ) nH-
paeTCH B ynop 32, 33KpCnJleHHbIii .n:B¥MH BHHTa:\111 B na3Y TIJlaTcpop:VIbl
:\taWHHbl. T04Hoe nO.10}KeHHe ynopa 32 YCTaHaBJlHBaeTcH BHHTO 31.
Coe.a.HHeHHe MaTo4HoH raHKII C KapcTKoH nO..'I.alJH lJepe3 rnapOBOI1 na-
.1CLl He06xo.a.HMO nOToMY, lJTO KapcTKa KpoMe npo.a.OJlbHOrO nepeMew,e-
HHH HMeeT npIf BbInO.'IHeHHH 3aKpcnKH nonepe4Hoe nepeMellleHH:
B MaTOlJHYlO raI1KY BXO.n:HT XO.n:OBOH. BIIHT 40, BpalllalOIUHI1CH B .n:B) x
LleHTpoBbIX BHIITaX 15 H 34. XO.a.OBOH BHHT HMeeT npaBYIO 4eTblpex3-
XO.n:HYIO pe3b6y. Ha nepe.n:HcM KOHLle x,'J,oBoro BI!HTa 3aKpenJlea .n:B}-
MH cTonopHbIMH BHHTaMH H 'cerMeHTHOH wnOHKOH Be.n:OMaH 060HMa 14
pOJlHKOBOH MycpTbI. 0 '
060HMa 14 pO.1HKt>BOH MycpTbI BMeCTe C XO.n:OBbIM BHHTOM 4 nOJl} -
lJaeT OT rJlaBHOrO Ba.,1a 4epe3 3BeHbH MexaHH3Ma !oJllJKo06pa3Hoe Bpa-
llleHHe, n03ToMY MaTOlJHaH raHKa, a BMeCTe 'C HeH H KapeTKa nO,J,alJII
nepeMelllalOTCH npO..'I.o_lbHO npH 06MeTbIBamIH KpOMOK .neTJIH. .
DpH 06MeTbIBaHHH npaBoH KpOMKH neT JlH XO.n:OBOH BHHT nOJl} lJaeT
TO.'l4K006pa3Hoe BpallleHHe no lJaCOBOH CTpeJiKe H nepCMelllaT KapeT-
KY 27 BnepeJI. (Ha pa60TaIOIll.ero), a npH 06MeTbIBaHHH JleBOH KpOMKH
neT.1H XO.n:OBOH BHHT nOJlylJaeT TaKoe }Ke BpallleHHe B 06paTHoM Han-
paBJIeHHH H nepeMelllaeT KapeTKY no.a.alJH Ha3a.n: (OT pa60TalOlllero).
B pOJlHKOBOH l\IycpTe HMeeTCH 'CneLlHaJIbHOe npHcnoc06JIeHIfe, C no-
MOW,blO KOToporo :\lexaHH3M 3aKpenoK nepeKJIIOlJaeT Bpaw,eHHc pa60-
4e" lJaCTH MycpTbI, a CJle.n:OBaTe.'lbHO, H xo.n:OBoro BHHTa -c o.a.Horo Han-
paBJleHIfH Ha .n:pyroe.
Be.n:YW,HM 3BeHO:\I MexaHH3Ma npo.a.OJlbHOrO nepe:\lellleHHH KapeTKH
no.a.alJH HBJlHeTCH .n:I-ICK 42, H3rOTOBJlHeMbIH COBMeCTHO C KYJIa4KOM Me-
xaHH3Ma neTJlHTe.'leH. CJIe.n:oBaTeJlbHO, OH yCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH H r.laB-
HOM BaJlY 1 TeMH }Ke cTOnopHbIMII BHHTaMH 2 H 3. Ha nepe.n: H . en TPi
LlOBOi'f nOBepxHocTH ..'I.H'CKa 42 (pHC. 209, 6) IfMeeTCH cpHrYPHbIH na3 '.
B KOTOpbIH BXO.n:HT pO.'lHK 8, Ha.n:eTbIH Ha naJleLl rnaTYHa 7. 3eB BH.1KH
OXBaTbIBaeT MaH}KeTKy 6, Ha.n:eTYlo Ha OCb onopHoi'f np06KII 5. TaKoe
coe,J,IIHeHHC MaH}KCTKH C onopH0I1 np06Koi'1 ) .a.06HO npH c60pKe H pa3-
60pKC MexaHIf3Ma. np06Ka 5 KpenHTcH B oTBepcTHe nepe.a.Hero npH.1H-
Ba nJIaTcpopMbI MaWHHbI CTOnopHbIM BHHTOM 4. .D:JlH H3BJlelJeHHH np06-
KH H3 oTBepcTHH npHJlHBa nJlaTcpopMbI HJlH pa3?OpKH MexaHH3Ma B
Cpe;I,HeH lJaCTH H:\leeTCH pe3b60Boe oTBepcTIfe (M6). . .
.D:pyroi'l KOHeLl waTYHa-BH.'lKH 7 rnapHHpHbIM BIIH:OM 9 H rallKOIl
10 coe.a.HHeH B na3Y 11 Be.n:Ylllero .n:HCKa 12 pOJlHKOBOH MycpTbI. Be.J.}-
Il.lIfi'1 JI.HCK 12 CB060..'I.HO nOCa}KeH Ha LlHJ1JIH.a.pHlJecKYIO lJaCTb xon.OBor O
BHHTa.
I, I
I
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I
11':'1 I!
316
Bo BpeMH pa60TbI MarnIfHbI .n:HCK 42, BpaIl.lalOw,ni'IcH BMeCTe C r.laB-
JIbJ:\1 Ba.TJOM, qJJfrypHblM na30M tIepe3 pOJlIfK 8 co06w,aeT llIaT} HY-BIf.1Ke
7 JIBlf}KeHHe BJleBO H BnpaBo, a Be.a.yw,Ifi'1 .n:IfCK 12 POJ1JfKOBOi'1 :\IYCPTbI
noJI\'lJaeT B03BpaTHo-noBopoTHoe JIBJ-I}KeHHe.
Da3 ;I,IICKa 42 BbInO_1HeH TaK, lJTO rnaTYH-BIf.1Ka 7 n'o.lYlJaCT ncpe-
MellleHHe BJleBO II BnpaBo 3a no,'l-060pora rJlaBHoro Ba,'la; 3a 3TOT ne-
pJIo.a. npoHcxo.a.IIT O,J,HO nepeMeIl.leHllc TKaHI1 Ha B.eJlH4IfHY wara
C r p04KH.
PO_lIlKOBaH :\lycpra YCTpocHa C.'lC..'I.YIOlLlH\1 06pa30M (pnc. 210)
B BblT04Ke 5 Be..'J:yw,ero .a.HCKa 2 nO:\leIl.lCHO KO.1LLlO J 1, B Koropo:\1 3an-
peccoBaH .n. e p}Kare.1b 10 C pOJlHKO:\I 9. Ha nepe..'J:Heii 60 KOB01"I n.'lOCKO-
CTJI I<o.lbua 3anpec-coBaHbI TPII napbl naJlLLleB 12. :\[('}K,J,Y KOTOpblMIf C
3a30pO:\l, paBHLnl 1 :\IM, nepeMew,alOTCH BC;I,YllU1' pO.lIlKIf 13 :\lycpTbl.
B np113MaTH4ccKIIi'1 na3 4 Be,J,YlItero .a.nCKa 2 BXOJ.llr nO.'I3YH-nepcK.11O-
qaTe.'lb 1 C cpHrYPHLl:\I na30M B. Depe.n.IIHH lJaCTb na3a CMelItCHa B.leBO
or cepe.iUfHLl, a 3a,J,HHH lJaCTb 6 - BnpaBo. B 3rOT (HrypHLII'1 na3 BXO-
JIJIT pO.lIIK 9 KO.1bua 11
UIf. 1I1H .n:pH4ecKHM oTBepcTHeM no,,13YH-nepeK.110lJaTc.1b 23 cBo6').'I.liO
nOCa}KeH Ha YTo.l1Il.leHHYIO lJaCTb xo.a.OBoro BHHTa. C60KY nOJl3YH HMeer
mapoBYIO Llancp} , B KOTOpOH 3aKpenJleHa wapoBaH rO.'lOBKa THrJl 24
(CM. pHC. 209)
Bo BpeMH pa60TbI MaWHHbI Be.a.Y.lllHi'1 .n:HCK, KaK 6bl.10  Ka3aHO pa-
Hee, no.'lyqaeT B03BpaTHO-KalJaTeJIbHOe .n:BH}KeHHe. BMecTe C Be,'J,YIl.lHM
JIHCKOM nOJlYlJalOT TaKoe }Ke .n:BH}KeHHe no.1J3YH-nepeK.1104aTe.'Ib J H
KOJlbLlO 11 (CM. pHC. 210).
Ha nepe.a.HeH BbIcTynalOIl.leH qaCTIf Be.n:YIl.lero .n:HCKa 2 Ii:\lelOrCH TPH
nJlOCKOTH 3, pacno.10}KeHHbIe Me}K.n:y C060H no.n: yr"lO:\I 120°. B oTBep-
crHH n.'lOCKocTei'1 3 BJlO)KeHbI onopHble wa1"I'6bl 7 C qHfK'CaTopa:\1U 8 H
fIpY>KHHaMH 6. 3ra BbIcTynalOIl.laH lJaCTb Be,'lYIl.lero ,J,HCKa BMCCTe C
naJlbLlaMH 12 H Be.n.YIl.lHMH pOJlHKaMH 13 BXO.n:HT BHYTPb Be,J,O:\-lOii 060i'I-
MbI 14 pOJlHKOBOH :\lycpTbl.
KaK YKa3bIBaJIOCb paHce, pOJlHKOBaH MycpTa Be,J,o:\IYIO 060i'IMY 14
npH 06MeTbIBaHHH npaBoH K'pOMKH neTJlH .n:0.1}KHa BpalItarL no 4aco-
BOH CrpeJlKe, a npH 06MeTbIBaHHH .'lCBOi'I KpO:\IKH - npOTllB lJaCOBOH
CTpe.:IKH, T. e. MycpTa .n:OJl)l{Ha nepeK.110lJaTbCH.
PaccMoTpHM, KaK 3TO npOHCXOJIHT. Ha pnc. 210, B, 2 nOKa3aHLl
.QBa xapaKTepHLlX c.'lYlJaH pa60rbl MycpTbI.
B nepBOM C.'lY43C npIf 06MerLIBamfH npaBoi'1 KpO:\IKH (01. plfC.
210, B) nOJl3YH-nepeK.'l104aTe.1L 1 BXO.a.HT B npu3:\laTlI4CcKHi'1 na3 -1 Be-
.QYu.r.ero .n:HCKa 2 HaCTOJlbKO, lJTO pOJlHK 9 KO.1bll.a 11 HaXO,'J,HTCH B ne-
Pe.QHeii lJaCTH a cpHrypHoro na3a nepeKJllOlJaTe.1H If OlelllCH B.1eBO.
I<.OJIbll.O 11 CBOH:\IH na"lbll.aMH 12 CMeIl.laeT Be,'J,) lItHe pO.1HKII 18 TaK}Ke
BJIeBO OT cpHKcaTopoB 8. B 3TOM cJI)'lJae npu nOBopoTe BC,J,YlItero ,J,HC-
I{a  no 4a'COBoii CTpe.1Ke pOJlHKH 13 3aKJIIfHI-IBalOTCH Me>Iqy Be;I,o:\IOi'I
O()OIl:\!oii 14 Ii onopHbl:\!H rnai'16ai\1H 7, H 06oHMa, a B:\leCTe -c Heii H xo-
ItOBoii BHHT 6y.a.YT TaK)I{e nOBOpalJHBaTbCH no lJaCoBoi'1 CTpeJIKe. DpH
OBOpoTe Be.n:Ylllero .n:HCKa npOTJIB 4acoB0I1 cTpelKn pO.1UKH 13 6Y,J,YT
POcKa.'lb3bIBaTb H Be.n:OMaH 060i'IMa 14 H xo.a.oBoii BHHT 6Y.J.YT HCno..'I.-
BI:1>1{HbI.
317

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PHC. 210. POnHI<OBaH MyljlTa:
a-B c6opl<e. 6-.II.eTa.H MytjJTbI; B-cxeMa paGOTLJ no qaCoBol! CTpeJlKe: e-cxeMa pa60TLI
. MytjJTLJ npOTJlB qaCoBol! CTpe.'KIl
lh06bl HcKJIlOlIHTb nOBopOT 060llMbl 14 no HHeplUIH npH XOJIOCTOM
XO;I,e Be.n:yll.lero .n:HCKa 2, HMeeTCSI TOpM03Hoe YCTpofICTBO. 3TO YC'fpOM-
CTBO COCTOHT H3 .n:BYx TOpM03HbIX KOJIO.n:OK 13 H 22 (CM. pHC. 209),
OXBaTbIBalOlllHx Be.n:oylO 060HMY 14 pOJIHKOBOM MYCPTbI. C3a.n:H KOJIO.n:-
KH coe.n:HHeHbI lIIapHHpHofl lIInHJIbKOM, Bnepe.n:Jf - BHHTOM 19, 3aKpen-
JIeHHbIM Ha KpoHlIITeMHe 21 KpoHlIITeMH .n:BYMSI BHHTaMH 20 npHKpen-
JIeJ-l K nJIaTcpopMe MalIIHHbI. Ha BHHT 19 Ha.n:eTbI .n:Be npY>KJfHbI 16, KO-
TOpbIe .n:aBSIT Ha npoY'llIJfHbI KOJIO.n:OK. .D:aBJIeHHe npY>KHHbI 16 perYJIH-
PyeTcSI raflKaMH.
Me}K.n:y npoYlIIHHaMH KOJIO.n:OK nOMellleH KYJIalJOK 17, lIIapHHpHo
coe;I,HJ-IeHHbIM C rOJIOBKOM 18 TSIfH 25 (n03. 3 Ha pHC. 212, a) THra,
B CBOIO ollepe.n: b , npaBoM rOJIOBKOM coe.n:HHeHa lIIapHHpHblM BHHTOM
C pblllaroM 3aKpenoK 4 (CM. pHC. 212, a)
Opn 06MeTbIBaHHH KpOMOK neTJIH TOpM03HbIe KOJIO.n:KH npH>KHMa-
IOTCSI K 060flMe 14, a npH H3rOTOBJIeHHH 3aKpenoK pbIlJar 26 (CM. pHC.
209) nOBopallHBaeTcSI H lJepe3 TSIry 25 nOBOpalJHBaeT KYJIalJOK 17 Ha
BHHTe 19. OpH 3TOM BbICTyn KYJIallKa 17 OT>KHMaeT HH>KHIOIO TOpM03-
HYIO KOJIO.n:KY H OHH pacxo.n:SITCSI. TOpMO>KeHHe 060MMbI 14 B 31'01' MO-
l\leHT npeKpalllaeTcSI. MYCPTa B MOMeHT H3rOTO,BJIeHHSI 3aKpenoK nOBO-
palJHBaeTCSI TO B O.n:HY, TO B .n:pyrylO CTOPOHY H cnoc06cTByeT He60JIl--
lIIOMY pa36pocy 3aKpenOlJHbIX CTe)KKOB. NlaTepHaJI B 31'01' nepHO.n:
He nepeMelllaeTCSI.
OpH H3rOTOBJIeHHH nepBOM 3aKpenKH nOJI3YH-nepeKJIlOlIaTeJIb ne-
peMelllaeTCSI Bnepe.!I, H rJIy6>Ke BXO.n:HT B npH3MaTHlJeCKHM na3 4 Be.n:y-
lllero .!I,HCKa 2 (CM. pHC. 210, 6) OpH 3TOM K pOJIHKY 9 KOJIbI.{a 11 no.n:-
XO.n:HT 3a.n:HSISI lJaCTb 6 cpHrYPHoro na3a nOJI3YHa-nepeKJIlOlJaTeJISI 1 H
CMelllaeT ero BnpaBo (CM. pHC. 210, 2). BMeCTe C pOJIHKOM BHYTPH Be-
.nYlllero .n:HCKa 2 CMelllaeTCSI BnpaBo (no lIaCOBOM cTpe"lKe) KOJIbll.O 11
H CBOHMH na.1Jbll.aMH 12 nepeMelllaeT Be.n:Y'Il1.He pOJIHKH 13 BnpaBo 01'
cpHKcaTOpoB 8.
B 3TOM CJIYlJae pOJIHKH 13 6y.nYT 3aKJJHHHBaTbCSI Me>K.n:y Be.n:oMoM
060HMOii 14 H onopHblMH rnafl6aMH 7 y)!(e npH nOBopoTe Be.u.Ylllero
.!I,HcKa 2 npoTHB lJaCOBOH Cl1peJIKH, H XO.n:OBOM BHHT nOJIYllHT BpallleHHe
TaK}Ke npoTHB lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKH.
OpJl H3rOTOBJIeHJlH BTOpOM 3aKpenKJI no.'l3YH-nepeKJIlOlIaTeJIb nepe-
MelllaeTCSI Ha3a.n: B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO>KeHHe, H XO.n:OBOM BHHT onSITb nOJIY-
lJaeT BpaIl1.eHHe no lJaCOBOM CTpeJIKe (.n:JISI 06MeTbIBaHHSI npaBoH KPOM-
KI1 cJIe.n:YlOllleM neTJIH) CJIe.n:oBaTeJIbHO, .n:JISI nepeKJIlOlIeHHSI MYCPTbI
He06xo.n:HMO nepeMeCTJlTb nOJI3YH-nepeKJIlOlJaTeJIb B.n:OJIb xo.n:OBoro
BI1HTa.
31'0 npo.n:OJIbHOe nepel\lellleHHe nOJI3YH-nepeKJIlOlIaTeJIb nOJIYlIaeT
lIepe3 TSIry 2 C lIIapOBbIMI1 rOJIOBKaMH 01' pbIlJara 4 MeXaHJf3Ma 3aKpe-
nOK (CM. pHC. 212)
OpH 06MeTbIBaHHH npaBoM KpOMKH neTJIH pbllJar 4 3aHHMaeT Kpail-
lIee 3a.n:Hee nOJIO}KeHHe, YKa3aHHoe Ha pHC. 212, a. TaKoe >Ke nOJIO>Ke-
lIMe COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3aHJlMalOT TSIra 2 H nOJI3YH-nepeKJIIOlJaTeJIb 1
npH H3rOTOBJIeHHJI nepBoM 3aKpenKH, KaK 6y.n:eT YKa3aHO .n:aJIee, pbI-
lJar 4 nOBOpalJHBaeTCSI Ha lIIapHHpe 5 H nepexoJJ.JlT B nepe.n:Hee KpaH-
Hee nOJIO>KeHHe, YKa3aHHoe Ha pHC. 212, 6. OpJl 3TOM TSIra 2 JI nOJI-
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3YH - nepeK.1 10'1:: "''I';" mCIlJlC 13 06pa THYlO CTOPOHY
[1Ch;":<:;''I';13:\-\C npo.n:OJlbHOrO nepeMew.eHlISl TKaHII HMeeTC51 perY.1H-
pOllla wara cTpO'-lKli. War CTpO'-lKH perYJllIpyeTc51 C\'lelllE'HlIeM wapml-
pa 10 (001. plIC. 209, a) BH:lKI1 nOJl3yna B KYJlIICHO:\\ na3Y 11 pO.1HKO-
BOH ly<pTbl. npH 3aKpenJlCHlm wapHlipa 10 6.lIIne K OCI1 pOJlHKoBOi't
:>'IY<P TbI war CTp04KII )'Beml'-ll-IBaeTC51, npH 3aKpen,1E'HHII wapHllpa 10
J:a.lbwe OT OCII pO.1I1KOBOii M)'cpTbl waf CTpO'-lKlI  :\ICHbwaeTC51.
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PHC. 211. MexaHH3M 3aKpenoK
III
MexaHH3M 3aKpenOK, MexaHH3M BbInOJlH51eT C.1E'J:YlOw.He cpYHKItHH"
co06UtaeT KapeTKe no.n:a'-lH nOnepe'-lHOe nepe:\olE'lileHIIe npH H3ro-
TOBJleHHH 3aKpenOK H npOJJ.OJlbHOe nepeMew.eHlle nO,13YHy-nepeK.TUOlla-
TeJllO pO.'IlIKOBOH My<pTbl;
CMew.aE'T KapeTKY nOJJ.a'-lli B'npaBO nocJle H3rOTOB.leHH51 nepBOH 3a-
KpenKIi ..'l..l51 06MeTbIBaHH51 JleBoii KpO:\'IKH neT.1H;
nocJle 1I3rOTOBJleHlI51 BTOpOH 3aKpenKli cMemaeT KapeTKY .no,aa'-lll
BJleBO HacTO"lbKO, lJTO cepe,aHl-la neTJlII pacnOJlaraeTC51 npOTlIB npo-
J:OJlbHOrO na3a HrOJlbHOii nJlaCTIIHbl .n:Jl51 npopy6aHII51 TKaHH Me)K.n:y
KpO :\olKa:\olll;
npH nYCKeMaIllHHbIBpa60TYCMelilaeTKapeTKyno.!!.a.-lIlBJleBo.!!..151
o6VIeTbIBaHI1H npaBOII KpOMKH neTJlH;
OT MexaHll3Ma 3aKpenOK cpa6aTbIBaeT MexaHlI3:\1 BbIKJl101J.eHH5I Ma-
IllHHbl. .
MexalIIf3:\ol 3aKpenOK IIMeeT cJle.n:YlOw.ee YCTPOHCTBO (pIlC. 211)
npOJJ.O.TlbHbIH HanpaBJlHIOw.1I11 na3 KapeTKH no,rJ. a '-I H. KaK H3BeCTHO, ox-
BaTbIBaeT BbIcTyn 35 nOJl3YHa 5. nOJl3YH 5 nepeMew.aeTc51 B na3Y nJlaT-
cpOpMbI, B KOTOpOM y.n.ep)l{lIBaeTC51 HaKJlaJJ.HoH n"lacTHHoH, npllKpenJleH-
l-IOH K nJlaTcjJopMe BHHTaMII (CJleBa Ha pHC. 211 nO,13YH 5 nOKa3aH OT-
.n:eJlbHo). CHlI3Y Ha wnll.lbKe 8 YCTaHOBJleHa CH.'lbHa51 npY)KHHa 6 BTO-
320
poi'I IWJICU KOTOpoii coeJ].IIHeH co WnIiJlhKOii, 3aKpenJIeHllOii H3 HaK-
la..'l.Hoii nJlaCTllHe.
3T3 npY)KHHa CTpeMlfTC51 nepeMeCTlfTb nOJl3YH BJleBO II nplf6.1lf3lfTb
ero K perYJlHpOB04HOM} onopHOMY BlfHT)' 7, BBCPHYTOMY B 3aJ].HlOlO 60-
KOB)"l0 cTeHKY nJlaTcjJopMbI. B nOJl3YHe 5 'CHlf3Y 3anpeccoBaH na.'lell. 9,
KOTOpblii oXBaTbIBaeTC51 BJlJlKOH 10, 3apenJleHHOII .n:BYM51 BHHTa:\Ul Ha
.n:ByxnJleqeM pbl'-lare.14. PblLJar 14 wapHlIpHbIM BHHTOM 15 coeJ:IIHeH
cHI-I3Y C nJlaTcpopMolf Ma'IllHHbI. POJlHK 13, OCb KOToporo 3anpeCCOBaHa
B pbl4are 14, npmKJlMael'C51 TOH >Ke npY>KHHoi'I 6 K KYJla'-lKY 11 :\olexa-
HlI3Ma 3aKpenoK.
. KYJla'-lOK H:\'leeT weCTh BbfcTynoB H Bna.n:IIH. npH 06MeTbIBaHHH npa-
BOH KpOMKII neTJlH nOJl3YH 5 )nHpaeTc51 B perYJllIpOBO'-lHbIH BIIHT 7,
pOJlIlK 13 npll 3TOM HaXOJJ.IITC51 BO Bna.n:IIHe KY.1a'-lKa 11, KOTOpbll1 B 3TO
BpeMH He Bpaw.ae.TCH. npll BbInOJlHeHIIH 3aKpenKH KYJla'-lOK 11 nOJlY-
lJaeT OT '-IepB51'-IHOH napbl Bpaw.eHlIe H CBOHl\lH BbICTynaMH nepeMew. aeT
pOJl'HK 13, a CJle.n.OBaTeJlbHO, pbllJar 14 H nOJl3YH 5 BnpaBo, eCJlH CMOT-
peTb Ha MexaHH3M cBepxy. KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pliC. 211 KorJJ.a pOJlIlK
13 nepexo.n:HT C BblcTyna KY.la'-lKa 11 Ha Bna,rJ.IIHY, TO ClI.lbHaH npY)KH-
Ha 6 nepeMew.aeT nOJl3pl 5 H pblLJar 14 B,1eno .n:o ynopa nOJl3yHa B
BJIHT 7. BMecTe C nOJl3YHo:\'1 5 nepe:\'mw.ael'CH KapeTKa no.n:a'-lll C .'Ian-
KaMH H TKaHblO.
, vITaK, nOnepe'-lHOe nepe:\olellleHlIe npH H3rOTOBJleHHH 3aKpenoK Ka-
peTKa nO..'l.aLJH nOJlY'-IaeT OT KYJla'-lKa 11 '-Iepe3 3BeHbH MexaHlI3:\la 3a-
KpenoK (TaK BbInOJlH51eTC51 nepBa51 cpYHKII.IHl MexaHH3Ma)
npH BbITIO.'1HeHHII 3aKpenoK KYJlaLJOK 11 nOBOpa'-lHBaeTCH Ha no.'1-
060poTa. 3TO ocYW.ecTBJl51eTC51 3a TPH 060poTa r.'laBHOrO BaJla :\la'IllIl-
Hbl, T e. 3a weCTb YKO.'lOB HfJlbl.
BeJJ.) lllH1 3BeHO:\'1 MexaHlI3Ma 3aKpenOK 51B.l51eTC51 '-IepB51K 3, 3a-
-KpenJleHHbIll ,rJ.BY1H BIIHTaMH 2 Ha r.'1aBHOM BaJly MaWHHbI 1. 4epB51K
lJeTblpex3axo,!!,HblH; -c HII1 B 3all.enJleHlIH HaXOJJ.I1TC51 lJepB51'-IHOe KO.leco
4, HMelOw.ee 24 3y6a (nepe.n:aTO'-lHOe OTHOIlleHlIe '-IepB51'-IHOH napbI
6 : 1). KOJleco H3rOTOBJleHO KaK o.n:Ha .n.eTa.'lb BMeCTe C xpanOBIIKON!
28 H cB060,rJ.HO nOCa>KeHO Ha BTYJlKY Konllpa 3aKpenoK 31 XpanoBHK
lIN!eeT 6 3y6beB, T. e. 'CTOJlbKO >Ke, CKO.ClbKO BblCTynoB Ha KYJla'-lKe 11.
CBepxy K BT)'JlKe KonHpa 31 >KeCTKO (WTI-J<pTOM) Kpemnc51 KYJla-
lJOK 11.
1 KonHp 3aKpenoK 31 CB060!l.HO Bpaw.aeTC51 Ha WapHI-IpHOM BHHTe
r 2, BBepHYToM B nJlaT<pop:\IY MaWI-IHbI. CHI13Y KOni-ip 31 yni-ipaeTcfI B
O.'lOBKY onopHoro BI-IHTa 36, BBepH) Toro B TOpell. IllapHIIpHoro BHHTa
12 (pI-lc. 211, 6).
3 CBepxy Ha TOPIl.OBOH nOBepXHOCTI-I KOnJIpa 3aKpenoK 31 IllapHlipoM
o 3aKpenJleHa C06a'-lKa 29. Ha 3)"6 'C06a'-lKI-I .n.aBIIT np\ >KHHa 27, cTpe-
M51w.aHc51 coe.n:IIHI-ITb 3y6 C06a'-lKI-I C 3y60M xpanOBIiKa 28.
H a pi-ic. 211, a nOKa3aH MOMeHT I-I3rOTOBJleHI-IfI 3aKperrKI-I Kor,rJ.a
3y6 c06a'-lKI-I 'ClI.enJleH C 3y60:\'l XpanOBI-IKa, II KonHp 3aKpenoK' 31 COB-
MeCTl-1O C Ky.1alJKOM 11 nOJlY'-IaeT Bpaw.eHHe OT '-IepB51'-IHOii napbI.
npI-l 06MeTblBaHI-IlI KpOMOK neTJlI-I C06a'-lKa 29 XBOCTOBIIKOM 23 "mi-
el'C51 I-IJllI B BblcTyn 24 pbI'-Iara 22 C IllapHlIpoM 25, HJlI-I B Bblrnn
nJlaHKII 32 (CM. pHC. 211, a) n03TOMY 3y6 C06alJKlI He ClI.en.l51eT51
11
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CTCS-' U3 BTyJ1KC' KOTIHp".
3TH nepllO,[lLI HenO.!1.BIUKCH.
B nepHO.n: H3rOTOBJIeml5l 3aKpenOK nJIaHKa 32 H pbI'-Iar 22 OTBO.n:HT-
CH OT C06a'-lKH 29, KOTOpa51 CBOHM 3y60M coe.n:HHHeTC51 C Xpa'IIOBHKOM,
H TaKHM 06pa30M KonHp 3aKpenoK II KYJIa40K 11 nOJIY4aIOT BpaU.leHHe
OT '-IepBH'-IHOrO KOJleCa H co06rllaIOT nonepe4Hoe nepeMerllemle KapeTKe
no.n:a'-lII BMeCTe C TKaHbIO, KaK 6blJIO YKa3aHo -paHee.
11TaK, .n:JlSI BKJIIO'-IeHHSI MexaHH3Ma 3aKpenoK He06xo.n:HMO OTBCCTH
nJIaHKY 32 H pbl4ar 22 H oCB06o.n:HTb 'C06a'-lKY 29
BKJlIO'-leHHe Mexaml3Ma 3aKpenoK B onpe.n:eJleHHbIe nepHo.n:bI npOllc-
XOJ].IIT OT MexamI3Ma npo.n:OJlbHOrO nepeMerlleHHH TKamI. JI.JIH ::noro Ha
MaTO'-lHOH railKe 38 (CM. plfC. 209) CHlf3Y BHHTaMH 3aKpenJleHa cK06a-
TOJlKaTeJlb 35, Ha npaBoM KOHlle KOTOpOl-l HMeeTCH ynop 36, a Ha Jle-
BOM KOHlle ynop 39. YnopbI 3aKpenJlHIOTCH ralIKaMH. Ha pH-c. 212 no-
Ka3aH BH.n: Ha MexaHH3M 3aKpenoK CHH3Y
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PHC. 212. nonmKeHHH
a-npll oOMCTKe npaBOn KpO,"KH neT",,';
3')
npn 06\leTLlBaHIfI-I npaBOII KpOMKH neT.1Il MaT04HaH rai-iKa BMCCTC
C TOJIKaTeJleM nepeMerllaeTCH Ha pa60TalOIllero (B.'IeBO) If npaBbll1 ynop
16 B onpeJ:eJlem-ILIiI MOMeHT (pIlC. 212, a) nO..'I.Xo.n:HT K nJla-CHIHC 15
(per) JlHTOp ..'I.JlIHlLI neTJlH), KOTopaH raiiKOll 13 3aKpenJleHa Ha nOJI3Y-
He 14. nOJl3YH T3K>Ke Ha4HHaeT nepeMclllaTbcH BJIeBO B HanpaBJIHIO-
llle:\1 na3Y pLl'-lara 4. CHlf3Y K nO.'I3)'H)' 14 >KeCTKO KpenHT'CSI rnnH.IJbKa,
KOTopaH nOBOpa'-lHBaeT BepxHee n.IJe'-lo pbl'-lara 39 BJleBO nponlB '-Iaco-
BOil CTpeJlKU OTHOCIlTeJlbHO rnapHl-lpHOrO BHHTa 40 HH>KHee nJle40 Pbl-
4ara 39, ynHpaHcb B BbICTyn 35, nepeMerllaeT nJlaHKY 32 Ha3a.u. OT pa-
60Tal01liero (B'npaBo) OpaBbIii KOHell nJlaHKIf 32, coe.n:HHeHHblH rnap-
HHpHbIM BI-IHTOM 23 C pbI4aroM 25, nOBOpa'-lHBaeTCH no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJl-
Ke BOKpyr rnapHupHoro BlfHTa 26. BblCTy-n 22 pbI4ara 25 OTXO.n:HT Bnpa-
BO H oCBo60>K.n:aeT C063'-1K)
JIeBblH 'KOllell nJlaHKH 32 (01. pac. 211, 212) onHpaeTCH Ha BbICTyn
nJl3T!pOpMLI. Ha KOHlle nJlaHKH IlMeeTCH npo,J,OJlbHOC OKHO, '-Iepe3 KO-
Topoe npOXO,J,JlT rnnIIJIbKa 83. Ha rnnH.'IbKY Ha..'I.eT3 CnHpaJIbHaH npy-
./POIJUKOlfaR Mypma
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>KCllllfl IlJ13HKH.J .
yCHJlHe TOpMO aH co6a'-lKa 27 Cu.cnJIHeTCH C xpanoBHKoM, H KonHp
Ocno60>K,aenH u .
3aKpenoK 3/ nOJIYLJaeT OT LJepBH'-IHOH napbI BpaU.leHIie no LJaCOBOlt
CTpeJIKe, eC.'lH cMoTpeTb CHH3Y (KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 212, a) B 3TO
BpCMH BbInOJlHHeTCH nepBaH (3a.n:HHH) 3aKpenKa.
CHH3Y Ha KonHpe 31 HMeeTCH qnrrYPHbli'I na3 36, B KOTOpbIH BXO-
.n:m pOJlHK 20 pbI'-Iara 29. npH BpaIIl.emlU KonHpa 31 pOJIHK 20 na30M
36 nepeMelll.aeTCH 6JIH>Ke KOCH KonHpa H nOBOpa'-lHBaeT pbILJar 29 npo-
THB '-Ia-coBoll CTpeJlKH (OTHoCHTeJIbHO IlIapHHpa 28), a llepe3 cepbry 1
(IlIapHHpHo cOeJumeHHYIO .n:BYMH BHHTaMIi 19) nOBOpa'-lHBaeT Be.n:yIIl.I1H
pbl'-lar 4 OKO.10 IlIapl-mpa 5 no 'IaCOBOH CTpeJIKe (KaK nOKa3aHO la
pHC. 212,6) ,.
nOJI3YH-nepeKJIIO'-IaTeJIb 1 '-Iepe3 THry 2 nepeMecTHTcH BJIeBO H ne-
peKJIIO'-IHT pOJlHKOBYIO Myqny Ha BpaIlleHHe B 06paTHYlO CTOP.OHY-
TaK BbITIOJIHHeTCH BTopaH <PYHKllllH MeX3'HH3Ma. KOrJI.a rJIaBHbIH BaJI
MaIlIHHbI nOBepHeTcH Ha TPH 060poTa, a Komlp 31 Ha nOJl-060pOTa, TO
XBOCTOBHK 21 C06a'-lKH 27 ynpeTcH B HH>KHHH BbrCTyn 38 nJIaHKH 32.
C06a'-lKa pacllenHTcSI C xpanoBHKoM, H BpaIIl.eHHe KonHpa 3aKpenoK 31
npeKpaTHTcH. npeKpaT1tTCH H BbInOJIHeHHe nepBoH 3aK,penKH. PbI'-Iam
4 H 27 H BeCb MexaHH3M 3aHMYT nOJIO>KeHHe, YKa3aHHoe Ha pHC. 212, 6.
npH 3TOM nOJlO>KeHHH MexaHH3Ma 6y.n:eT 06MeTbIBaTbCH JIeBaH KpOMKa
neT JIH.
BbITIOJIHeHHe nepBOH 3aKpenKH npeKpalIIl.aeTCH B TOT MOMeJlT, Kor-
.n:a pOJIHK 13 (CM. pHC. 211) pbI'-Iara 14 6y)].eT HaXO)].HTbCH Ha BbICTyne
KYJIa'-lKa'l t a n03ToMY KapeTKa no.n:a'IH 6y.n:eT CMeIIl.eHa BnpaBo - TaK
BbInOJIHSIeTCSI TpeTbH <PYHKllHH MexaHH3Ma.
4T06bI l{QnHp 3aKpenoK 31 (CM. pHC. 212, a, 6) He nOBoya'-lHBaJICH
no HHepllHH, B MexaHH3Me npe)].YCMOTpeHO TOpM03Hoe YCTPOHCTBO B BR-
)].e .n:BynJIe'-lero pbI'-Iara 30, IlIapHHpHo 3aKpenJleHHOrO Ha nJIaT<popMe
MaIlIHHbI BHHTOM 28.
Pbl'Iar HMeeT )].Be TOpM03Hble KOJIO)].O'-lKH: JIeBaH 33KpenJIeHa Ha
pbI'-Iare >KeCTKO, a npaBaH - C nOMOIIl.blO npY>KHHbI, CHJIa C>KaTHH KO-
Topoii perYJIHpyeTcH BHHTOM 24. .
npH 06MeTbIBaHHH JIeBOH KpOMKH neTJIH MaTO'-lHaH raHKa BMCCTe C
TOJIKaTeJleM 17 nepeMeIIl.aeTCH OT pa60TalOIIl.erO, T. e. BnpaBo, KaK
YKa3aHo Ha pHC. 212, 6. nOcJIe o6MeTbIBaHHH JIeBoi'I KpOMKH ynop 41
nepeMeIIl.aeT BepxHee nJle'lO pbI'-Iara 39 BnpaBo. HH>KHee n.'lellO pbILJa-
ra 39 nepeMeIIl.aHCb BJIeBO, CMeIIl.aeT nJIaHKY 32 BJIeBO, BbICTyn 38
nJIaHII OTXOJ].HT OT C06a'-lKH II OCB060JK.n:aeT ee, C06a'-lKa BTOpIl'-lH
Cllen.1HeTCH C xpanoBHKoM H nOBOpaLJHBaeT KonHp 31 no '-IaCOBOli
CTpeJlKe Ha no.l-060poTa. B 3TO BpeMH npoH3Bo.n: HTCH BTopaH 3aKpen-
Ka neTJlH. 6 21
nOCJlC TOro KaK KonHp nOBepHeTcH Ha nOJI-O opoTa, XBOCTOBHK
c06a 1 lKli 27 "npeTcH B BbICTyn 22 pbI'-Iara 25 (CM. pHC. 212, a) H co-
6a'-lKa pacllenHTcH C xpanoBHKoM; BpaIIl.eHHe KonHpa npeKpaTHTcH,
BbInOJIHeHHe BTOpOH 3aKpenKH 3aKOHllHTCH.
POJIHK 20, nepeMeIIl.aHCb B na3Y, YJI.aJIHeTCH OT OcH KonHpa H nepe-
MeillaeT pbI'-IarH 4 H 29 BnpaBo B HCxo.n:Hoe nOJIO>KeHHe, YKa3aHHoe Ha
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TepllaJla Ha pa60TaIOll.lero.
KaK YKa3bIBaJlocb paHee, KpOMKH neTJIH npH 06MeTblBaHHH pacno-
JIar310TCH npoHIB na3a Hro.'lbHOJI nJIaCTIIHbI.
nOcJIe BbInO.'JHeHHH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH KapeTKa no.n:a'-lH BHa'-laJlC
c;\teillaeTcH BJleBO HaCTOJlbKO, '-ITO cepe.n:HHa neTJIH CTaHOBHTCH npOTlIB
npO)].OJIbHOrO na3a HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbI. 3aTeM HO>K onYCKaeTCH B 3T)T
na3 H npope3aeT TKaHb Me>K.n:y KpOMKaMH. MaIlIHHa B TaKOM nOJlO>Ke-
HflH KapeTKII no)].a'-lH aBTOMaTH'-IeCKH OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH.
KapeTKa no.n:aLJH B cpe.n:Hee nOJlO>KeHHe CMeIIl.aeTCSI CJIe.n:YIOIIl.IDt
06pa30M.
Ha 3a)].HeM (npaBOM) nJIe'-le pbI'-Iara 14 (CM. pHC. 211) 3aKpenJleH
cyxapb 16, nOJIO>KeHHe KOToporo Ha pbl'-lare perYJlHpyeTcSI CTonopHbI:\1
BflHTOM 17 C rallKoH. npH BKJIIO'IeHHH MaIlIHHbI TOJIKaTeJlb 20 OTXO.n:HT
BnpaBo OT 3aIIl.eJlKH 18, 3aKpenJIeHHOH IlIapHHpHbIM BHHTOM 19 K nJlaT-
<popMe MaIlIHHbI. 3aIIl.eJIKa 18 no)]. .n:ellcTBHeM npY)l{HHbI 21 3anHpaeT
pbI'-Iar 14 B TaKOM nOJIO>KeHHH, '-ITO cepeJ].HHa neTJIH paCnOJIO>KHTCH
npOTHB na3a HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHbI. 3TO nOJIO>KeHHe neTJIH perYJIHpyeT-
CH cyxapeM 16 Ha pbILJare 14. TaK BbInOJIHHeTCSI LJeTBepTaH <PYHKllHH
MexaHH3Ma.
nOJI3YH 5 B 3TOT MOMeHT He ynHpaeTCH B BHHT 7, a npY>KHHa 6 LJe-
pe3 nOJI3YH H pbI'-Iar 14 npH>KHMaeT cyxapb 16 K BbICTyny 3aIIl.eJIKH 18.
POJIHK 13 CXO.n:HT C BbICTyna KYJIa'-lKa 11
npH nycKe Ma'IlIHHbI B pa60TY JI.JIH H3rOTOBJIeHHSI CJIe.n:YlOllleH neT-
JIH TOJIKaTeJIb 20 nepeMeIIl.aeTcH BJIeBO H OTBO.n:HT 3y6 3aIIl.eJIKH 18 OT
cyxapH 16, pbl'-lar 14 oCB060>KJI.aeTcH, a npY>KHHa 6 CMeIIl.aeT nOJI3YH
5 H KapeTKY no.n:aLJH BJIeBO )].JIH 06MeTbIB3'HHH npaBoH KpOMKH neTJIH.
POJIITK 13 nepeMeIIl.aeTcSI rJly6>Ke BO Bna)].HHY KYJIaLJKa 11. nOJI3YH 5
6y.n:eT ynHpaTb'cSI B onopHbIH BHHT 7 TaK BbITIOJIHHeTCH nHTaSI <PYHK-
lUIH MexaHH3Ma. BLITIOJIHeHHe IlIeCTOlt <PYHKllHII 6y)].eT BbIHCHeHO npH
paccMoTpemIH MexaHH3Ma BbIKJllO'-leHHH.
B MexaHH3Me 3aKpenoK HMelOTCSI CJIe.n:ylOillHe perYJlHpoBKH.
1 nOnepe'-lHOe nepeMeIIl.eHHe KapeTKH no.n:a'-lH )].OJl)l{HO 6bITb cor Jla-
COBaHO C nOnepe'-lHbIM nepeMeIIl.eHHeM lirJIbI TaK, '-IT06bI npll BbInOJIHe-
HIIH HrJIOH JleBOrO YKOJIa 3Hr3ara BbIcTyn KYJIa'-lKa 11 (CM. pHC. 211)
Haxo.n:HJI Ha pOJII1K 13 H nepeMeIIl.aJI pbI'-Iar 14, nOJl3YH 5 H KapeTKY
nO,J,a'-lH BnpaBo. Cor JlaCOBaHHOCTb 3THX nepeMellleHHII )].OCTHraeTCH co-
oTBeTcTBYIOIIl.eH YCTaHoBKoII '-IepBHKa Ha rJIaBHOM BaJIY MaIlIHHbI.
2. llJupHHa 3aKpenKH H3MeHHeTCH C nOMOIIl.bIO BHHTa 7 (CM. pITc.
211) npH BbIBHH'-IHBaHIUI BITHTa (BpaIlIeHHe npOTlIB LJaCOBOlI CTpe.'l-
KU) nOnepe'-lHOe nepeMeIIl.eHHe KapeTKu YBeJlJI'-IIIBaeTCH, YBeJIH'-IHBaeTCH
H IlIHpHHa 3aKpenKJI (HJIH neTJlH). npli HeJI3MeHHOII umpHHe KpOMOK
B03paCTaeT paccToHHHe Me>K.n:y KpoMKaMH. npIl BBHII'-IliBaHlUl BIIHTa 7
paCCTOHHHC Me>K.n:y KpoMKaMH YMeHbIlIaeTcH. BHHT 7 B n.IJaTiPopMe Ma-
lI.IJIHbI cTOnopHTcH .n:pyrH:\1 BHHTOM (Ha pHC. 211 He nOKa3aHo) CJIe.n:o-
BaTeJIbHO, nepe)]. perymipoBa1nreM IlIHpHHbI neTJIH 3TOT BHHT He06xo-
lI.HMO oTKpenHTb. .
3. LLJIIma neTJIH H3MeHHeTCH nepecTaHoBKoH perYJIHTOpa 15 B nOJI-
gYHe 14 (CM. pHC. 212).
325

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.IJ..'1H n.HICHeHHH JI.;JHHLI neTJIH He06xoJIl-IMO OCJla6HTb raHKY 13 (CM.
pHC. 212, a) H CMCCTI-ITb perYJlHTOp 15 B na3Y no.13YHa 14 JI.O COBna..'l.C-
HHH )- Ka3aTeJlH C cooTBeTcTBY10mHM !l.eJlCHHeM WKaJlbI.
npIf CMemcmIH perYJlHTOpa 15 BJleBO ynop 16 6y.n:eT n03>Ke BK.llO-
llaTb MexaHH3M 3aKpenoK, H !l.Jll-IHa neTJlH YBe.'lH'-IHTCH. OpH CMemCHHH
per)"JlSlTopa 15 BnpaBo .n:JlHHa neTJll-I yMeHbllll-ITcH.
Ii 4
maeTCH 4JHKcaTop 25. Ero'roJloBKa pacnOJlaraeTCH OKO.no KYJla'-lKa-OC-
T<lHOBa 5 pa604ero lllKHBa, a Ha CTep>KeHb Ha!l.eTa aMOpTl-I 3a UHOHHaSl
npY>KHna 59, I\OTopaH O,'I,I-ll-IM KOHUO1 ynapaeTcH B C xapb 27, a JJ.PY-
rIlM B paMKY Ha npaBo:\1 KOHue Ba.lIIKa 55 raHKoH 62 3aKpenJleH Bb'-
K.1IOl!aTCJlb 61, B CpC!l.HeH 4aCTH Ha Bam-lKe 55 3aKpenJleH KpoHlllTeiin
39, J{ KOTOPOMY npHKpen.leH TO,lKaTe,lb 38. Me>KJJ.Y KpOl-llllTelfHO\1 39
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MexaHH3M BKJlI04eHHJI H OCTaHOBa Ma11JHHbl. OpH OCTaHOBKe MaWH-
HbI MeXaHH31\1 BbIKJlIO'-IeHHH HCnOJlb3yeTcSl .n:JlSJ npllBe.n:eHHSJ B JJ.eiicTBlle
MexaHH3Ma HO>Ka .n:JlSJ npopy6KH neTJlH, MexaHH3Ma 06pe3aHHSJ HHTlUI
II I\1eXaHH3Ma nOJJ.'beMa JlanOK.
KpOMe aBTOMaTH'-IeCKOrO OCTaHOBa Ma'lllHHbI B KOHue ee pa6o'-lero
UH1<.TIa MexaHH3M 1I.0Jl>KeH 06eCne'-lHTb OCTaHOB MalllIfHbI B aBapmfHOM
cJlY'-lae, HanpHMep npI-I 06pbIBe HIfTKH, nOJlOMKe HrJlbI HJlH .!I.Pyrux 3£1-
Me'-leHHbIX HeHcnpaBHOCTSlX nocJle Toro, KaK MalllHHa BKJII04eHa.
OCHOBHbIMH ..'I.eTaJlSJMIf MexaHH3Ma (pHC. 213 H 214) SJB.TJSlIOTCH pa-
OO'-lHll lllKHB 6. xOJlocToii lllKHB 4, OTBO..'l.Ka peMHSJ 7, TOp03HaSJ KO,lO!l.-
Ka 9, paMKa 25, BHYTPH KOTOpOH nOM6maeTCSl 4JHKcaTop C npY>KHHOf!.
MexaHH3M HMeeT cJle.n:YIOmee YCTPOHCTBO. Pa604HH lllKHB 6, H3ro-
TOBJleHHblH COBMeCTHO C KYJla'-lI<OM OCTaHOBa 5, >Ke-CTKO 3aKpen.'IeH CTO-
nopHbIM BHHTO H lllnoHKoH Ha KOHue r JlaBHOrO BaJla 1 XOJloCTof!
WKHB BpamaeTcSl Ha OCH 3, 3aKpe-nJleHHOH BHHTOM B KpoHlllTelIHe 2.
PaMKa 57 ('CM. pHC. 214) npaBbIM KOHUOM 3aKpenJle'Ha lllnoHKoH H raH-
KaMH Ha BaJlHKe 55. B ropH30HTaJlbHbIX oTBepcTHSJx paMKH 57 nOMe-
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H npIlJIHDO:vJ nJ1C1TcpOpMbl Ha CTCp>KCHb Ha.n.CTa npY>KHHa 41, KaTOpa51
CTpCMIITCH CMCCTHTb CTCp>KCHb 55 Ha3a.n., a pa:\IKY 57 J-I cjJIIKcaTap 25
K pa6aLJeMY lllKHBY Ha JIeBa:\1 (nepe.n.He:\1) KOllue CTep>KHH 55 .n.BY:\tsJ.
rallKa:\1H 43 H cTonopHbIM BHHTOM 3aKpenJleI-la Myqna 42. OKOJIO My<pTbI
K npJ-lJlIIBY nJIaT<popMbI lllapl-lHpHblM BHHTO:\134 3aKpenJIeHa C06a'-lKd 33
BbIKJlIO'-IaTCJIH, KOTopaH CBOJ-l 3y60M 35 3aCKaKJ-IBaeT 3a Topeu My<pTbl
42 J-I Y!l.ep>KHBaeT CTep)l{eHb 55 J-I paMKY 57, oTBe.n.eHHYIo OT pa60'-lero
lllKJ-IBa (npH BKJlIO'-IeHJ-IJ-I MalllIlHbl) npY>KJ-IHa 32 npH>KJ-IMaeT 3y6 35
C06a'-lKH 33 K :\1y<pTe.
LL,'lH BbIKJlIO'-IeHJ-IH C06a'-lKII 33 CJIY>KJ-IT 3arueJlKa 8 (CM. pJ-lc. 212, a,
6) 31'a 3arueJIKa KpenJ-lTCH lllapHJ-IpHblM BIIHTO:\1 7 K OTPOCTKY pbllJara
4. npY>KHHa (Ha pHCYHKe He nOI{a3aHa) 'CTpeMJ-ITCH JleBOe n.le'-lO 3a-
rueJIKJ-I 8 npH>KaTb K ynopy 6, BBepHYTo:\lY B OTpOCTOK pbllJara 4.
npJ-l H3r01'OBJIeHJ-IJ-I nepBoll 3aKpenKJ-I, KaK H313eCTHO, pbllJar 4 nepe-
XO.n.IIT B JIeBOe Kpaihlee nOJIO>KeHJ-Ie (CM. pHC. 212,6). npH 3T0:\1 3a-
rueJIKa 8 CTaHOBHTCH npOTlIB BbIcTyna 9 C06a'-lKH 11 (c lllapHlIpa:\1 12
H npY>KJ-IHOli 10). npH H3roTOBJIeHHH BTOpOH 3aKpenKH pbllJar 4 (c:,t.
pIfC. 212, a) nepeMeruaeTcH B KpaiIHee npaBae nOJIO>KeHHe, npii 3fO:\J
3aLUeJIKa 8 .n.aBJIeHHeM Ha BblcTyn 9 (n03. 31 Ha pJ-lc. 214) nOBopa4H-
.BaeT C06a'-lKY 33 OKOJIO OCH 34, a 3y6 35 C06a'-lKH (C:\1. pHC. 214) ono-
.n:HT OT TOpua MY<PTbI 42.
no!l. .n:eHcTBHe:\1 nPY>KIIHbI 41 CTep>KeHb H pa:\IKa 57 npH6J1H>KaIOTC5I
K pa60'-leMY lllKHBY, nOCJIe '-Iero 'cpa6aTbIBaeT :\lexaHH3M 3BT0\1aTH'-Ie-
CKora OCTaHOBa MalllJ-lHbI. BbIKJIIO'-IaTeJIb 61 (CM. pHC. 21-1) CBOHi\! na-
30M OXBaTbIBaeT naJleu 19 KOpO:\1bICJIa 20 (CM. pHC, 213). KopoMblc.'IO
cB060!l.HO nOCa>KeHO Ha BamiK 10, Ha KOTOpO:\I >KeCTKO IlllTHcjJT0:\1 16 3a-
KpenJleHO BTopoe KOpOMbl'CJlO 17. 06a KOpOMbICJIa coe.n:HHHlOTCH CKO.lb-
3Hruell lllnIlJIbKOH 18. Ha llaJlHKe 10 3aKpenJleHbl TopM03HaH KO,l]O.'l.Ka
9 II llHHTOM 8 OTBOJJ.Ka 7 (JJ.JIH .peMHH).
npH BbIKJIIO'-IeHHH Ma'lllJ-lHbI BbIKJIIO'-IaTeJlb LJepe3 naJleu 19 naBopa-
'-IHBaeT KOpOMblCJIa 20 H 17 H BaJlHK 10 no 'lJaCOBOH CTpeJlKe. npH 3TO:\l
TopM03HaH KOJIOJJ.Ka 9 conpHKacael'CH C pa60'-lH:\1 lllKHBaM H npI1Top-
Ma>KHBaeT ero, a OTBO!l.Ka 7 nepeBo.n:HT pe:\1eHb 'C pa604ero 'lllKHna Ha
XOJIOCTOIL
<1>HKcaTop 25 BbIcTynoM 3aXOJJ.HT BHa'-laJle Ha nOBepxHocTb Q Ky..rlalJ-
Ka 5 (Ha pa60'-leM lllKHBe, CM. pHC. 214), a 3aTeM npH BpauleHHII r,laB-
HOro Ba.'la no HHepUIiH CnllpaJlb KYJIa'-lKa nO,.'1.HHMaCT <pHKcaTop 23, a
B\1eCTe C l-IHM nOJJ..IIHMaeTCH JIeBblH KOHeu paMKH 57. npY)KHHa 24 npl-
)l{I1MaeT <pHKcaTop K cnIlpa.'lH Kyna'-lKa, 3aTapMa>KHBaH r JIaBHbll1 B<..iI
MalllHHbI. nOcJIe TOro KaK rOJIOBKa <pHKcaTopa 25 BOH.n:eT B na3 1\)"-
.1a'-lKa, cpa6aTbIBaeT aMopTH3aUHoHHaH npY>KHHa 59, H rJIaBHblll B3;J
MalllIlHbI 6YJJ.eT 3acTonopeH npu BepxHeM naJIO>KCHHH HrJIbl. LLaB.'lHI-Ie
npY>KHHbI 24 perYJIHpyeTcH BHHTO:\I 23, BBepHyTbIM B npHJIHB Py,;;aB::.!.
nepeMerueHHe <pHKcaTopa H .'leBOrO KOHua paMKH BBepx no cnupa-
JIH KYJIa'-lKa 5 H BHH3 B na3 KYJla'-lKa HCnOJIb3}eTCH .n:JlH pa60Tbl Mexa-
HH3Ma HO>Ka, MexaHH3MOB nOJJ.1>eMa JIanOK II a6pe3KH HHTKH.
MaWHHa BKJIIO'-IaeTCH nycKoBoH ne,!I.a.lbIO, coeJJ.HHeHHaH uenblO (CM.
pac. 213) C nycKoBblM pbl'-larOM 14, pacnOJlO)l{eHHblM noJJ.. MexaHH3-
MOM OCTaHOBa MalllHHbI. nYCKOBOH pbIlJar 3aKpenJIeH BHHTO\l 13 Ha
328
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CTep>KHe 12. BepTHKaJlbHOe nJIe'-lO pbILJara 14 .n:eilcTByeT Ha KpoHwTcIIH
39 (nr. pHC. 214), 3aKpenJlCHHblif Ha BaJlY 55, H OTBOJJ.J-IT paMKY 57 H-
<pI1KCaTOp aT pa60'-lera lllKHBa. BbIK.'lIOlJaTeJlb 61 OTBO..'J,HT TopMa3HYlO
IW.10;.I.I{y OT pa60'-lero 'lllKHBa, a OTBa.n:Ka nepeBo.n:HT peMeHb 'C XOJIOCTa-
fO' WKIIBa Ha pa60'-lHIL nac.le npeKparuemm Ha>KHMa Ha nCJJ.aJlb npy-
>KIIHa 15 (CM. pHC. 213) O'TllO,.'1.I1T pbI'-I3r 14 B Hcxo.n:Hae nOJlO>KeHHe.
,LLJlH OCTaHOBa :\lalllHHbl B aBapHlulO:\1 cJIYlJae pa60THlIua Ha>KHMaCT
Ha KaJleHH} 10 ne.n.a.lb, KOTopaH '-Iepe3 pbI'-IarH H uenb 24 nOBapa'-lHBaeT
U3 lllapHHpe 22 yr.loBol1 pbllJar 23. BepTHKaJlbHOe nJIC'-IO pbI'-Iara OXBa-
TbIIJaeT ro.laBKY 'CKOJlb3Hruell lllnH,lhKH 18, KOTopaH BbIxaJJ.HT H3 OT-
BepCTlm B KopaMbICJIe 20, H KOpOMblCJlO oCB060>K!l:ael'CH. BaJIHK 10
nO'BOp3'-1HBaeTCH no '-IaCOBOII CTpeJlKe.
OTBO.1Ka nepeBO..'J,HT pe:\leHb C pa60'-lero WKHBa Ha XOJlOCTOH. Top-
:\103H3H KOJIO..'J,Ka 9 (c;\-1. pHC. 213) npH>KHMaeTCH K pa60'-leMY lllKHBV.
fJIaBIIblIol BaJI MalllHHbI OCTaIIaB.'IHBael'CH B npOH3BOJlbHOM nOJIO>Kemm,
Tal\: KaK CTep>KeHb 55 (CM. pac. 214), paMKa 57 H <fJHKcaTop 25 y.n:ep-
>KHBaIOTCH 3y60M-c06a'-lKoii 33 B pa60'-le:\1 nOJlO>KeHHH. f.l]aBHblll BaJl
nO'BOpa'-lilBaCTCH B HCXO..'J,Hoe nO,10>KeHHe BOY'-IHYIO C nOMorublO CTep>K-
HH, KOTOpbIH BC1'aBJIHeTCH B OTBepCTlm Ha 060.n:e pa60'-lero WKHBa.
J\\a lll'IIHa , nocJle aBapIIJ1Horo OCTaHOBa BKJ1IOlJaeTCH Ha>KaTHeM Ha
KHO'nKY, pacnOJIO)KeHHY'0 C3aJJ.H MallIHHbI. KHonKY He06xo.n:HMO Ha)KH'
!\IaTb .n:o Tex nop, nOKa CKO'.'Ib3HIuaH lllnilJIbKa 18 (no!l. JJ.ellcTBHeM npy-
)KHHbI 21) BOH.n:eT B oTBepcTHe KOpOMblCJla 20 (CM. pHC. 213).
B MexaHH3Me perymfpyeTcH OTXOJJ. paMKH 57 (CM. pHC. 214) H <pHK-
caTopa 25 OT pa60'-lero lllK'UBa. PerYJlHpoBaHHe npoH3Bo.n:HTCH nOBO-po-
TO\1 raeK 43 Ha nepe.n:HeM KaHue BaJIHKa H CMerueHlleM My<pTbl 42 npH
oCB060)K..'J,eHHoM C1'OnOpHOM BHHTe.
MexaHH3M HO)l{a, MexaHH3M YCTpoeH CJIe.n:YlOruHM 06pa30M (CM.
pHC. 214) Ha>K 8 BHHTOM 9 KpenHTcH K .n:BynJIe'-leMY pbI'-Iary 16, KaTO-
pblll nO'BOpa'-lUBael'CH Ha OCH 15. OCb CTonopHTCH BHHTOM B npOYlllHHax
n,'IaT<pOp:\lbI. Ha nepe.n:HIOIO pe3b60BYIO '-IaCTb CTynHUbI pbl'-lara 16 Ha-
BHHlJeHa perYJlHpOBO'-lHaH BTY.I]Ka 14, KOTopaH cTonopHTcH .n:BYMH BHH-
Ta:\1H 13. B oTBepcTHe 3a.n:Hero nJIelJa pbI'-Iara 16 BXO!l.HT UHJIHH,!I.pHlJe-
CKaH '-IaCTb nJlaBalOruerO' nOBO)I.Ka 28. B rOJloBKY nOBo.n:Ka BXO.n:HT CTep-
>KeHb 26, )KeCTKO 3aKpenJleHHbIH B paMKe 57 MexaHH3Ma OCTaHOBa.
B MOMeHT OCTaHOBa Ma'lllHHbI KyJIa'-lOK 5 pa60'-lero lllKHBa cnHpa-
JlblO 6 no.n:HHMaeT ('-Iepe3 <pHKcaTop 25) JleBbIll KOHeu paMKH 57 C
CTep>KHe:\1 26. BMeCTe C HHMH nO!l:HHMaeTCH H npaBoe nJIe'-lO pbIlJara
16, a nepe..'J,Hee nJIe'-lO C HO)KOM 8 onycKael'CH. HO>K BXO.n:HT B na3
HrOJIbHOH nJlaCTHHbl H npopy6aeT 1'KaHb Me)l{.n:y KpoMKaMH. B TOT MO-
MeHT, Kor.n:a <pIIKcaTop 25 na.n:ae1' B BbIeMKY KYJIalJKa 5, JIeBbIH KOHeu
paMKH 57 TaK>Ke onycKaeTcH B HH>KHee nOoI]O)l{eHHe, a HO>K 8 no.n:HH-
MaeTCH B HCXO..'J,Hae 'BepxHee nOJIO>KeHHe.
B MexaHH3Me HO)Ka HMeIOTCH CJIe!l.YIOIUHe perYJlHpoBKH:
1. f Jly6HHa norpY)KeHHH HO)Ka B TKaHb perymlpyeTcH CMerueHHCM
HO)l{a B na3Y pbI'-Iara 16 npH OCJla6JIeHHOM BHHTe 9.
2. nO,,'IO)KeHHe HO>Ka no npope3H HrOJlbHOH nJl3CTHHbI perymlpyeTcH
CMeIlleHHeM pbI'-Iara 16 BMeCTe C OCblO 15 npH O-CJIa6JIeHHOM CTanopHoM
BIIUTe B npH.'IHBe nJIaT<p0pMbI.
329

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Koil 14 If npUJUlBOM Kopnyca
LI:JUI YCTpaHclluH 3a30pa Mcm.ll.Y BTYJI
!aWIIHLI DTVJ1KY IIco6xo.ll.IIMO nOBcpllYTb, npe.'l.BapHTeJlbHO OCJla6UR
LlIlIIThI 1:1. -
MexaHH3M nO.ll."beMa nanOK. TKaHb 3a)l{UMaeTCSl Me)l{J].Y JlanK3l\IlI 7
(CM. pHC. 214) H nJlaCTUHOH:, npHKpenJlem-lOH: K KapeTKe nOJ].allll. JIan-
KI! C BHYTpeHHeii 'CTOpOHbI. a n.IJaCTHHbl C HapY}I{Hoii IIMelOT HacellKY.
JIanKH Wapl-IHpnO 3aKpen.neHbl Ha pbl'-laraX 10. KOTopble BIlHTaMH H
llInH,nLKaMH 3aKpenJleHbl Ha pblllare 17 Pbl1lar 17 llIapHHpHoli llImiJlb-
KOH 11 coe.n:UHeH C npHJlHBOM KapeTKII no.n:a'-lH. B OTBepCTJm BbICT' na
pblllara nOMe,meHa npY)I{HHa 12, HI1)1{HI!Ii KOHeu KOTOpOH onHpaeTCH Ha
KapeTKY no!J, a '-I H. C nOMOmblO 3TOH npY)I{HHbI JlanKH npH)I{HMalOT
TKaHb. YCUJlIIC .n:aBJleHHH npY)I{IIHbI He perYJlllpyeTCSl.
JIanKH BPY'-lHYlO nOJ].HH:\!aIOTCH nOBopOTO:\! npOTHB llaCOBoi't 'CTpe.n-
1m pblllara 22. 3TOT pblllar nOBOpalJHBaeTCH Ha OCH 21. 3aKpenJleHHOIl
B npHJ1lIBe nJlaT<popMbI. OpH nOBopoTe pbI'-Iara 22 ropH30HTaJlbHOe nJle-
'-10 onYCKaeT npaBYlo (XBOCTOBYIO) llaCTb pbl'-lara 17, H JlanKH nOlUIJI-
:\!aIOTCH. 0pY)I{HHa 19 B03'BpalLlaeT pbI1lar 22 B HCXO..'l.HOe nOJlO)l{eI-IHe.
.D.JlH aBTo:\!a'TH'-IeCKOrO nO.J.'be:\!a JlanOK pbI'-Iar 22 llIapHHpHblM BHH-
TOM H raIiKOll coe.n:I-IHeH C THrOH 18. 0pY)I{HHa 20 CTpeMHTcH OTBeCTl-I
HH)I{HIIII KOHeu TSlrH 18 BnpaBo. Ha KOHue THrH BHHTO:\-! H ralIKOll 36 3a-
l{penJleH cyxapb 29 Cyxapb CHII3Y onHpaeTcH Ha perVJlHpOBO'-lHbllI
BHHT 37 -
B HCXO.J.HOM nOJlO)l{eHIHI, Kor!J,a JlanKH nOJ].HHTbI, THra 18 YJ].ep)l{H-
BaeTCSl B HH)I{HeM nOJlO)l{eHHH KYJla'-lKoM 30, 3aKpenJleHHbIM Ha pLI'-Iare
16 HO)l{a. Cyxapb 29 Haxo.n:HTCSl C KYJla'-lKO:\! 30 B 3auenJleHHH. OpH
nycKe MallIHHbI B pa60TY, KaK yKa3bIBaJlOCb paHee, OCb 12 (CM. puc.
213) OT Ha)l{HMa Ha ne.n:aJlb nOBOpa'-lHBaeTCH npoTHB '-IaCOBOH CTpeJlKH,
pblllar 11 OTBO.n:HT HH)I{HHH KOHeu THrH 18 (CM. pHC. 214) BJleBO, CY-
xapb 29 paCuenJlHeTCH C KyJIa'-lKo:\! 30, H TSlra 18 oCB060)l{.n:aeTcSl. fo-
pH30HTaJIbHOe nJIe'-lO pbl'-lara 22 nOJ].HHMaeTCSl, a .'lanKH, onycKaHcb.
npH)I{HMaIOT TKaHb K KapeTKe nO!J,a'-lH.
B MallIHHe npe.n:ycMoTpeHo YCTPOHCTBO, rapaHTupYIOlLlee onYCKaHHe
JlanOK npH nycKe Ma'llIHHbI B pa60TY B TOM c.1Y'-lae, Kor.J.a He cpa60Ta-
eT pbI'-Iar 11 (CM. pHC. 213), oCB060)l{.n:cHHe 'TSlrH 18 (CM. pHC. 214)
npoH30H.n:eT no.n: .n:eHcTBHe:\-1 TOJlKaTe.'lSl 38.
JIanKH aBTO:\laTHllCcKH nO..'l.HIl:\!aIOTCSl MexaHII3:\WM HO)l{a. B MOMeH1'
nO.J.1>eMa JIeBOrO KOIIua paMKH 57 no.n:Hu:\!aCTCSl H 3aJ].Hee (npaBoe)
nJl'-Io pbl'-lara 16 BMeCTC C Ky.1a'-lKoM 30. Cyxapb 29 B 3TO BpeMH noJ].
.1eI-lCTBHe:\! npY)I{UHLl 20 3aCI{aKUBaeT BepxHcII nJlOCKOCTblO noJ]. 3TOT
KYJla'-lOK, H THra 18 CUCnJIHeTCH C pblllaro:\! HO)l{a. OpH nO.J.'bCMe HO)l{a
TSlra 18 onycKaeTcH II nO..'l.Hl-a!aeT JI<lnKH B IICxo.n:Hoe nO.'lO)l{€IIIIC.
B MexaHH3:\le npe.n:ycMoTpeHo perYJIl-IpOBaHHe nOJ].'bCMa .fJanOK.
OHO npOu3BO..'l.HTCH nepe:\!elLleHlle:\! cyxapH 29 BIIHTOM 37 npH oc.IJa6-
.fJeHIIOIi ralIKe 36. Opu nepe:\!emeHIHI cyxapSl BBepx no.n:1>eM JIanOK yBe-
1HllHBaeTCH H Ha060poT
Mo:\!eHT onycKaHIlH JlanOK npIl nycI{e MallIlIHbl 3aBUCIlT OT nO.fJO)l{e-
HHH pbI'-Iara 11 (CM. pHC. 213) OTHOCI-ITeJlbHO BepTHKaJlbHOrO nJIe'-la
nycKoBoro pblllara 14. ECJIII pbI'-Iar 11 nOBepHYTb npoTuB '-IacoBolr
CTpeJIKH, TO OH paHbllIe 6YJ].eT onYCKaTb JIanKH.
330
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MeX3HH3M o6pe3Ku HHTKH. B MOMeHT OCTanOBa MallllfHbl neTJI51
V..'l.ep)KIfBaeTcH lIa npaBO:\l neTJlHTCJle. KplolJOI{ IIHTeOTTHnmaTeJlSl 44
-(c:\!. plfC. 214), nepeMClu.aIOllllfi-'lcH B na3Y nJlaT<popMbl, nO..'l.BOJ].UT npl!
06pc3Ke 3Ty neTJllO K HO)l{Y, 3al{pJleHHo:\lY lIa J].cp)l{aTe.fJe npaBoro
nCTJlIITeJlH.
HIlTeOTTHrIiBaTe.1b nOJIYllaeT J].BH)I{eHUe OT MexaHH3:o.!a, HMeIOmero
cJlcJlYlolllee )'CTpOIICTBO. B OTBepCTl-le HIITeOTTHrHBaTCJlH BXO.n:HT naJleu.
45 n0130!J,Ka 46, 3aKpen.leHHbll! CTH)I{HbI:\! BHHTOM Ha BaJIHKe 50 BaJIJlK
no:\!ClllaeTcH B oTBepCTJlSlX .n:BYX npu.1]UBOB n.fJaTcjJ0pMbl'PSlJ].OM C BaJIH-
KO:\l 55 MeXaHJl3:\'la OCTaHOBa MallIHHbI. Ha BaJIHKe 50 3aKpenJleH npy-
)l{I-IHoJ].ep)KaTeJlb 47. B na3 KOToporo 33Be..'l.eH KOHeu npY)I{HHbl 48. .D.py-
roil ce KOHeu 3aKpenJIeH K nJlaTcjJopMe. 0pY)I{IIHa 'CTpeMliTcH nOBepHYTb
BaJlllK 50 npO'TIlB '-IacoBoII CTpeJlKH. B cepe.J.HHe BaJIliKa CTH)I{HbIM BIIH-
TO:\! 3aKpenJleH OrpaHH'-IHTe.lb 49, a Ha KOHue mnllJIbKOII 3aKpenJIeH KY-
.1 a '-I OK 52.
OrpaHlI'-IHTeJlb ymIpaeTcH B HaKJlOHHOe pe6po 51 TOJlKaTeJlH 39 Me-
xaHH3Ma OCTaHOBa. Opu BK.'lIO'-IeHHU MaWHHbl TOJlKaTe.fJb 3anHpaeT Me-
xaH1I3M H He n03BOJISleT BaJIHKY nOBepH)'TbCSl OT CJlYllallHbIX TOJl'-lKOB.
OpH OCTaHOBe MawHHbI, Kor.J.a paMKa 57 nepe:\!elllaeTcSl K pa6o'-leMY
WKI-IBY, TOJIKaTeJlb 39 OTXO.n:IlT OT OrpaHH'-IHTeJlSl 49 II n03BO.'lHeT nOBep-
H)'TbCH BaJlHKY 50 no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJlKe Ha HeKoTopblll yro.'l.
Oo.n: paMKoH 57, Ha mapHi-Ipe 60, 3aKpenJIeH .n:Byn.IJe'-lHH pbI'-Iar 58.
0pY)I{UHa 56 npH)I{HMaeT KOHeu JleBOrO nJlella K paMKe 57. Ha npaBo:\!
nJIe'-le Ha llIapHHpe 3aKpenJleHa C06a'-lKa 53. 0pY)I{HHa 54 CTpeMHTcH
nOBepHYTb ee no '-IacoBOIi CTpeJlKe. OpH OCTaHOBe MallIHHbl, Kor.n:a Jle-
BbIH KOHeu paMKH no.n:HHMaeTCH, npaBoe nJlellO pblllara 58 onycKaeTcSl.
C06a'-lKa 53 CTaHOBHTCH no.n: 3y60M 63 KyJIallKa 52. B MOMeHT, KOr..'l.a
<puKcaTop 25 BXO.n:HT B na3 KyJIa'-lKa 5 H JIeBbIH KOHeu paMKH onYCKa-
eTCH, C06a'-lKa 53, J].eHcTBYSl Ha KYJla'-loK 52, nOBOpa'-lHBaeT BaJIHK 50
no '-IacoBoII CTpeJlKe. OOBOJ].OK 46 nepeMemaeT HHTeOTTSlrHBaTeJlb Bnpa-
BO, H HHT-Ka 06pe3aeTcSl HO)!WM. C06a'-lKa 11 COCKaKHBaeT C 3y6a 63
KYJla'-lKa 52, a npY)I{lUla 48 B03BpamaeT MexaHH3M B HCXOJ].Hoe nOJlo-
)l{eHllC.
KpoMe paccMoTpeHHblx MexaHIl3MOB B MallIHHe HMeIOTCH cJIe!J,YIO-
UJ.He npHcnoc06.1]eHHSl:
.n:JlH OCJIa6JJeHHSl HaTH)I{eHHH HHTKH B perY.1]SlTOpe npH H3rOTOBJJe-
HHH 3aKpenoK neTJlJI;
.n:JJSl C03J].aHHH pe3epBa HHTKH, '-ITo6bl npH Ha'-laJle 06MeTbIBaHi-IH
neTJIII HHTKa He BbICKO'-lHJIa H3 YllIKa HrJlbI;
.n:.'ISl OTBo.n:a KOHUa HI-lTKH OT JlanKH.
OepBoe npucnOC06JIeHI-le pa60TaeT OT KYJJalfKa 11 (CM. pl-lc. 213)
MeXaHI-I3:\!a 3aKpenoK. BTopoe I-l TpeTbe npIIcnoc06JIeHI-lH pa60TaIOT OT
pbI'-Iara 16 (CM. pHC. 214) MexaHU3Ma HO)l{a. ¥Ix YCTpollcTBo HeCJlO)l{-
rioe, I-I 06'bHCHeHIISl He Tpe6yeTCSl.
3anpaBKa HHTKH, HHTKa OT 6061-1HbI npOBo.n.I-ITCSl '-IepC3 TPH OTBep-
CTHH nanpaBHTeJlH H (01. plfC. 207), HaXO..'l.HlLlerOCH Ha PYKaBe MallIII-
UbI. 3aTeM HI-lTKY 3aBO!J,HT Me)l{.J.Y TapeJlOlJKaMH nOCTOSlHHO .n:eHCTBYIO-
1lJ.ero perYJlHTOpa PI HaTSl)l{eHI-lH HI-lTKH H Me)l{.!I.Y TapeJlOlJKaMH pcrYJIH-
Topa P 2 HaTH)I{eIlHSl HIfTKH. .D.aJJee HI-lTKY 3aBo.n:HT B HanpaBI-l'TeJlb H 2 H
331

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K 24 e>KJJ: Y maH5aMH HaTH-
rJla30K P LI4ara H.J B OTBCpCTlle pbl'-/ara ,M
. u I I-1rJla 3aK p enJiHeTCH B
,hClum fl liB) illKO I-IrJlLI C 3aJJ:HCn CTOpOHL. .
c rCp>Klle nr JlOBOJJ:IITCJlfI JJ:JlHHHLIM }KeJlo6KOM Ha3aJJ: (OT pa60TalOw:ero)
LlJlH npHlllHBaHH5J nyroBHLI. n)TaHHLlMH CTe>KKaMH I{ nJlaHKe TpaH-
cnopTepa KpenHTCH cneluraJlbI-lbll:l ynop .n:JlH TKaHH, H C nO!l.nyroBHLI.efl
K annapaTY KpemlTCH CneLI.HaJlbI-lblff .n:ep>KaTeJlb nO.!l.nyroBIfLI.LI.
YnpaBJleHUe MaIllHI-loii - .n:BYMH HO>KI-lbIMH nc.n:aJlHMH (KaK H B Ma-
nHIHax 27 oro, 220-ro KJlaCcoB).
npu npHIlluBKe nyroBULI. C '-IeTblpbMSJ oTBepcTIfSJMU CTe>KKH BHa4aJlC
pacnOJlaraloTcSJ B nepBoii nape oTBepCTHl1 OT I-ro .n:o lO-ro YKOJla ur.TJbI
(nocJle.n:I-lJIfl )TOJI SJBJlHeTCSJ 3aKpenJlSJIOW:HM). I1r.1]e co06rLI.aeTCH B03B-
paTI-lO-noCTynaTCJlbHOe ,!LBU>KeHHe, a nyroBHLI.a C MaTepnaJlOM n004e-
peJJ.Ho nepeMeru.aeTGH OTHOCUTe.'lbHO Hr JlbI BJJ.OJlb nJlaT!pOpMbl MaIllUI-lbI.
nocJle lO-ro YKOJla nyroBl1LI.a C MaTepUaJlOM ncpeMew:aeTcSJ BJleBO
If MaIllIfI-la aBTOMaTU4eCKU BbIKJlIO'-IaeTCH. Ha>KUMOM ua ne,!LaJlb .n:JlH
nO;I.1>eMa nyroBIf4I-lOrO annapaTa 06pe3aeTcH I-lU1'Ka B KOI-lLI.e nepBoro
pSJ,!I,a CTe>KKOB. OOBOpa'-lIfBaH npII 3TOM JleBOH pYKoii cneLI.UaJlbHbIfI Pbl-
4ar P, BbIBO.n:HT ero U3 3aLI.enJleHIfH C KpIO'-lKOM I-f UCKJlIO'-IaIOT nO:I.1>e1
n}TOBU'-IHOrO annapaTa.
BKJlIO'-laIOT MaIllI-fHY CHOBa, U CTe>KKII pacnOJlaraIOTCH BO BTOpoii na-
pe OTBepCTJIH. OOCJle;lLHUfl 20-H CTe>KOK - 3aKperr04I-lblH. OocJIe 3Toro
/J1aIllUHa aBTOMaTIf'-leCKn BbIKJIIO'-laeTCSJ. Ha>KHMOM Ha ne,!LaJIb npoH3-
BO,!LUTCSJ 06pe3Ka HIf1'KU H nOJJ.1>eM n)TOBJI'-Il!oro annapaTa. TaKIIM 06-
pa30M nyroBHua npHIlluBaeTcSJ 6e3 nepexo.n:HoH HUTKU Me>K.n:y nepBoH
J-I BTOpoii napa:\11-1 OTBepCTlrH. npH npUIl,IHBKe nyroBULI. C nepexoJJ.HoH
HHTKOH npu BbIKJIIO'-IeI-lUU MaIllUHbI nOCJIe lO-ro YKOJIa HrJIbI He06xoJJ.H-
MO CI-lOBa BKJIIO'-IHTb MaIlluHY
ECJIII MaIllHHa I-laXO,!LUl'CH B'ce BpeMH B pa60Te Ha onepamm npIf-
IllHBKU nyroBULI. 'c nepexoJJ.I-lOH HHTKOH, TO MO>KHO CI-lSJTb C I<OITlIpa nep-
BblH KYJIa'-lOK, KOTOpblH aBTOMaTU'-IeCKI-f BbIK.1IO'-IaeT MaIllHI-lY, H He Tpa-
TUTb BpeMH .n:JIH BTOpH'-IHOrO nycKa MaIllUHbI nOCJIe 10-ro YKOJIa nrJlbI.
Opu npHlliIlBKe nyroBHLI. C .n:BYMH OTBepCTUSJMH He .n:OJI>KHO 6bITb
nonepe4Horo nepeMew:eI-luSJ nyroBHLI.bI. LLJIH 3Toro BbIHUMaeTCSJ pomlK
H3 yrJIOBOrO pbI'-Iara MexaHU3Ma nOnepe4I-lOrO ncpeMew:eHUSJ nyroBHlLbl
U CTonopHTCSJ BUHTOM OCb 3Toro pbI'-Iara.
MaIllUI-la HMeeT CJIc.n:YIOw:ue OCHOBHbIe MexaHU3MbI: Hr.lbI, nCT.'lIITe-
JIH, HHTenO,!l,aT'-IUKa, npO,!LOJIbI-lOrO nepeMeILI.eHUSI nyroBHLI.bl, nonepe4HO-
ro nepeMerLI.eHUH nyroBULI.bI, aBTOMaTU'-IeCKOrO BbIKJIIO'-I3TeJIH. .
MexaHU3M ur JIbI KpIfBOIllHnHO-IllaTYHHbIH. MexaHII3M npo.n:o.lbHoro
nepC!\ le w:eHU5J nyroBlIII.bI, a TaK>Ke nyroBU'-IHbIH annapaT II MexaHII3M
aBTO:\1aTULJCCI<oro BblKJII04aTeJIH 3"IIaJIOrH'-IHbI MexaHH3MaM MaIllllH.>1
27-ro K.lacca.
MexaHH3M nonepe4Horo nepeMemeHHSI nyroBHlI.bl, I{aK YKa3blBaJIOCb
paHee, nOCJIe lO-ro YKOJIa ur JIbI CMcru.aeT nyroBHLI.Y BJIeBO, a nocJle
OKOH'-IaHU5J npUIllHBKIf B03Bpaw:aeT ee_ B HCXO,!LHOe nOJIO>KeHHe.
MexaHU3M HMeeT C.'le.J.YIO,w:ee YCTpoffCTBO. B I-lapY>KHbIfl KonllpHLlii
na3 BXOJJ.UT pOJIlIK 18 yr JlOBOrO pbI4ara 17 B na3Y ropu30HTa.lbHoro
nJIe'-la 38 3aKpen.TJCHa BepxHHH IllapoBaH rOJlOBKa IllaTYHa 16. HH>KH5JH
ero rOJIOBKa coe.n:HI-leI-la C 3aJJ.HI-fM KOpOMblCJIOM 8, 3aKpenJIeHHbn1 I-la
BaJIY 9. Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHLI.e 3Toro BaJIa 3aKpen.'leHO KOpOMbIC.10 11.
naJleLI. 12 KOpOMblCJIa BXO.n:I1T B LI.UJIHH.lI.P 14. Haxo.n:HILI.HMCH B na3Y KY-
JlH'CbI. KYJlIICa 3aKpenJIeHa I-la nJIaI-lKe 15 nyroBlI4Horo annapaTa.
333
2. nOJlyaBToMaT 95-ro KJlaCCa .n:JlSI npHIllHBKH nyroBHII.
lllBeHI-la5J MamHHa-nOJIyaBToMaT 95-ro K.'laCCa OM3, cxeMa KOTO-
pOfI nOKa3aHa Ha pHe. 215, npeJJ.Ha3Ha4aeTcH .n:JlH npHIlluBaHIIH i.I.enHLI-
:\11-1 O.n:HOHUTO'-lHbIMH CTe>KKaMH nJIOCKUX nyroBULI. C JI.By:\15I II '-IeTLlpb-
Mll oTBepcTHSJMH. 4acToTa BpallLeHIf5J r JlaBI-lOrO BaJla 1200 06fMIIH. LLIIa-
PHC. 215. CxeMa MIIIlIHHbl 95-ro KnllCCII nM3 A.H npHIlIHBKH nyroBHLl
MeTpbl npUwIIBaeMblx n}TOBHLI. OT 13,!L0 32 M:\1. OyroBIILI.bI 'C JJ.B\:\HJ
oTBepcTuHMU npUIllUBaIOTCSJ 3a 10 YKOJlOB ur JlbI, a nyroBIfLI.bI C '-ICThlpb-
MSJ oTBepCTU5JMU - 3a 20 YKOJIOB. OOCJIeJJ.IIuc CTe>KKH - 3aKpCnJI5J1O-
rLI.He. OyroBULI.bI MorYT npHIlluBaTbcH CJIeJJ.YIow:uMH cnoc06aMII: Bn.lOT-
HYIO K TKaHH; BnJloTHYIO K TKaHII C nO..'I.nyroBI.rLI.eii; C 06pa30BaHlIeM
«HO>KKU»; C 06pa30BaHueM «HO>KKU» U C nOJJ.nYToBULI.eii; Bn.loTH)'1O K
TKaHU nOTafIHLlMH CTe>K:KaMU; C 06pa30BaHucM «HO>KKU» nOTaiiHbl\1U
CTe>KKaMU.
LLJISJ npuIllHBaHH5J nyroBULI.bI C «HO)KKoII» K annapaTY 3a>KUMa nyro-
BlILI.bl KpenHTC5J CneLI.HaJlbHaH JIanKa, KOTopaH OTJJ.eJIHeT nyroBlILI.Y OT
TKaI-lH. TOJlW:HHa o.n:HofI JIanKIf 06eCne'-lllBaeT BbICOTY «HO>KKU», paBH\ 10
4 MM, a TOJl'W:I-fI-la .n:pyroH JlanKU - 3 MM (JIanKU npIfJIaraIOTCH K Ma-
IllIIHe) .
332

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TaKoe COe.ll.lllleHHC nCpe.ll.HerO KOpOMblCJla 11 C KYJlHCoii n03BO.TIHeT
nJlaHKe 15 ncpCMelll.aTb'C5I T(j.K}KC H B npo.ll.OJlbHOM Hanp3BJleHIUI 01'
.n:pyroro MexaHH3Ma.
Me}K.n:y 10 H I1-M YKOJlaMH HrJlbI pO.'lHK 18 Y.lI.aJlHeTcH OT OCH Bpa-
llI.eHll5l uKonHpHoro .n:lICKa 20 H nOBOpa'-lHBaeT yr JlOB01l pbILJar 17 npOTIIB
LJaCOBOII CTpCJlKH. a '-Iepe3 lllaTYH 16 H 3a.n:Hee KOpOMbICJlO 8 nOJlytlaIOT
nOBopOT TaK}Ke npOTIiB '-IaCOBOH CTpeJlKH Ba.l 9 H nepe.rI,l-lee KOpOMbIC-
.1]0 1 I. a nJlaHKa 15 nOJlY'-IaeT CMellleHHe no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJlKe OTHOCH-
TeJlLHO CTep}KHH 19 UpH 31'0:\1 nyroBH'-IHbl11 annapaT C nyroBHllcH 'CMC-
llI.aeTCH BJleBO 01' pa60TaIOllI.ero. Uoc.1]e 20-ro YKOJla HrJlbI pOJlHK 18
npH6.'lH}KaeTCH KOCH Bpalll.eHHH KOnl-IpHOrO .lI.HCKa 20, H :\lexaHH3M B03-
Bpa1llaeTcH B HCXO!l.HOC nO.'lO>KeHHe.
Per Y JI H P 0 B K a M e x a H H 3 M a. B MexaHH3Me nOnepe'-lHOrO ne-
peMellleHHH nyroBHllbI peryJlllpYIOTCH: ne.'lH'-IHHa nOnepe'-lHOrO nepeMe-
HHH nyroBHllLI; MO:\1CHT nOnepe'-lHOrO nepe:\1eI1l.eHlIH nyroBHllbI OTHOCH-
TeJlbHO ee npo.n.OJlbHOrO nepeMeIlleHHH, a TaK}Ke OTHOCHTeJlbHO .n:BH}KC-
HHH Hr"lbI.
Be.1]HLJI-IHa nOnepC'-IHOrO nepeMeI1l.eHHH n)TOBHllbI B 3aBHCHMOCTH 01'
paCCTOHHHH Me}K.n:y ee OTBepCTIHIMH perYJlHpyeTcH nepeMeI1l.eHHCM
BepXHcll I1lapOB011 rOJlOBKlI 39 lllaTYHa 16 B na3Y yr,,'IOBOrO pbI'-Iara'17
lJ.JlH YBeJlH'-IeHHH nOnepe'-lHOrO nepe:\leI1l.eHHH nyroBHllbl rOJlOBKY llla-
TYHa He06xo;UlMO 3aKpenJlHTb !l.aJlbllle OT OCH Ka'-laHHSI vrJlOBOrO pbl'-la-
ra 17. a JI.JlH V:\1eHb'llieHI1H - 6.1H}Ke .
UOJlO}KeH'Hc oTBepCTHH nyroBHll1 OTHOCHTe"lbHO YKOJlOB Hr,,'IbI pery-
J[.HpyeTcH nOBopoTOM BaJla 9 B:\leCTe C nepe!l.HHM KOpOMbI'CJIOM 11 B
TOM H.1H HHOM HanpaBJleHHH nOCJIe OCJla6JIeHHH BHHTa 37, 3a.n:Hero KO-
pOMbIc.'la HJlH nOBopoTOM nepe.n:Hero KOpOMbICJla 11 nocJlc OCJla6JICHHH
BHHTa, KOTOpbHI OH KpenHTcH Ha BaJIY 9
Ha'-laJlo noncpctlHoro nepeMe1lleHIISI nyroBHllbI nOCJIe 10-ro VKOJla
Hr JIbl .n:OJl}KHO 6bITb cor.laCOBaHO 'c npo.n.o.lbHbIM nepeMeI1l.eHIIeM' nyro-
BHllbl.' Pery JIllpOnaHHe npoH3BO;'lHTCH nepeMeI1l.eHHCM OCII pOJIIIKa 18 B
BelHIIKaJIbHOM na3Y pbl'-lara 17 nOCJIe oCJla6.'leHHH raHKIL UpH CMeI1l.e-
HHII OCH pOJlIlKa 18 BBepx nOnepe'-lHOe nepeMelLleHHe nyroBHUbl Ha'-l-
HeTCH paHb'llle, npH CMeI1l.eHHII OCII pOJIHKa 18 BHH3 - n03}Ke.
UOnepe'-lHOe H npo.n:OJIbHOe nepeIcIlleHHH nyroBHllLI .n.0JI}KHbI npo-
HCXO;'lJITb B TOT :\10:\1eHT, KOrJl.a Hr Jla BbIH..'J,CT H3 ee OTBepCTliH. Cor Jla-
con3HIlOCTb nepeMCI1l.eHIIIl nyroBIIllbI C nepe:\1CI1l.eHHe:\1 Hr JlbI .n:OCTHra-
eTCH COOTBeTCTBYI01lleH YCTaHOBKOH '-IepBHKa 30 Ha r.'laBHOM BaJIY 21
MalllHl-lbI.
MexaH1I3M neTJIHTeJUl, B MalllHHe YCTaHOBJIeH BpalLlaIOI1l.I,tiicH neT-
JIHTeJIb, cxeMa paGon>l KOToporo paccMaTpHBaJIaCb panee (CM.
pHC. 171).
lJ."lH 06eCnelJeHHH 06pa30BaHHH 'CTe}KKOB npH H3MeHeHHH HanpaB-
JIeHIIH nepCMeI1l.eHHH MaTepHaJIa H nyronHUbI B MeXaHH3:\1e neTJIHTe.'lH
BBe.'l.eHa OTBO..'J,Ka neT JlH. CxeMa ee pa60TbI nOKa3alla Ha pHC. 173.
UeTJlHTe.lb 13, 3aKpenJleHHbIII XBOcTOBHKOM B OTBepCTIm BaJla 10,
nOJIY'-IaCT BpaI1l.el-me 01' r JlaBHOrO Ba,'Ia LJcpe.:! .n:Be napbI KOHH'-IeCKHX
rnecTepeH 2, 4, BepTHKa.lbHbI1I Ba.'I 3 H YCKOpI-ITe.TJb.
Be.n.Y1llH1I .n:HCK 5 YCKopIlTeJlH 3aKpenJIeH Ha nepe!l.HeM KOHlle Ba.'Ia
CKOpHTeJlSI 36, a Be.n.oMLlii .n:HCK 7 - Ha BaJlY 10 nCTJlJlTeJlH. COCD.HHH-
y JlbH OC 3BeHO 6 OXBaTblB3eT naJlbULI .lI.HCKOB YCKOpHTCJlH. BaJl YCKO-
Te '" u 0
I-ITCJlH H BaJl nCTJlHTeJlH CMClllellbl MC>K.n:y COuOH no BCpTHKaJlH, H n -
TOMY paBHOMepHOC BpaUJ,aTeJlbHOC .n:BmKCHHe. nepc.n:aBaeMOC OT rJlaB-
l-IOro BaJla Be.n.YI1l.eMY JI.HCKj 5, npe06pa3yeTcH B HcpaBHoMepHoe Bpa-
maTCJlbHOe JI.BH}KeHHe Be.n:OMoro .n:I1CKa 7 B:\1CCTe C BaJlOM H nCTJlHTe-
3a O JI. HH 060 P OT rJIaBHOrO BaJla neTJlI-ITeJIb nOJIY'-IaeT TO YCKopeH-
JleM.
floe BpaI1l.eHIIe, TO 3 a MeJI.JlCHHoe. TaKoe HepaBHOMepHoe BpallleHHe
neTJIl-iTe.'lIO ne06xo.n.HMO, '-IT06bl B MOMenT 3axBaT neTJIH HMeTb yCKO-
pCHHoe .n:BI-I}KeHHe. .D.JIH 3Toro Heo6xo.n:HMO BeJI.YI1l.HH .n:HCK 5 YCKopHTeJIH
1
.
PHC. 216. CxeMII 311npllBKH HHTOK B MaUIH-
He 95-ro KJlIICCa
I
, ,
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YCTaHaBJIHBaTb Ha BaJlY 36 COOTBeTCTBeHHO nOJIO>KeHHIO KpHBollllma
MexaHH3Ma Hr JIb\. U pH BepxHeM nOJlO}KeHHI-I Hr JlbI pHCKa HaHe-CCHHaH
Ha o60!l.e Be.n:\,'I1l.erO .n:HrKa 5. .n:0Jl}KHa 'cOBna!l.an C pHCKOll Ha Kopnyce
YCKopHTeJlH. tIpH HenpaBHJIbH01I YCTaHoBKe Be.n.YI1l.ero ,il.HCKa )'rKopH-
TCJIH 5 MO}KeT nOJIY'-lHTbCH, lJTO HOCHK neTJlHTeJIH B MOMeHT 3aXBaTa
nCTJIH 6y.n: eT JI.Bl-IraTbCH 3aMe.n:.'leHHO H He ycneeT 3aXBaTHTb neTJIIO
HrO.'IbHOH HHTKH.
MexaH1I3M HlITeno.n:aTlJHKa, POJIHK 22 HlITeno.n:aT'-IHKa, lJepe3 KOTO-
phIii 3anpaBJIHCTCH HHTKa, 3aKpenneH B .n:ep}KaBKe Ha HrJIOBO!l.HTeJIe If
YCTpofICTBO MexaHH3Ma HeCJIO}KHoe. O..'J,HaKo .n:JlH 06ecne'-leHHH 3a)KIIMa
HHTKII B Kopn ce perYJlHTOpa HaTH>KeHHH B MO\<leHT ee 06pe3KH, a TaK-
>Kc YMeHbllleHHH HaTH}KeHHH HHTKH npn CMaTbIBaHHH ee C KaTYlllKH H
JI..1H C03.n:aHliH pe3epBa HIITKH npJl BbmOJlHeHHII nepBoro CTe}KKa B Ma-
lllIUle I1MeIOTCH .n.ono.TJHIITe.lbHbIe YCTpoHcTBa, cxeMa KOTOpbIX nOKa3a-
Ha Ha pliC. 215 H 216.
HHTKa C KaT)'wKII 3anpaBJlSIeTcH: '-Iepe3 oTBepCTIle B CTep}KHe 1;
MC}K!J.y mafI6a:\-IH 3a..'J,Hero 2 II nepe..'J,Hcro 3 perYJIHTOpOB HaTH>KeHHH
HHTKII; B r"la30K npOBOJlOLJnOro HIITeHanpaBHTeJlH 5 cBepxy cK06bI 4;
Me>K..'J,Y .n:BYMH HanpaB.1HI01llH;\1II lllTl-I(lnaMH 7; no!l. npH>KHMHYIO nJIac-
THH)' 6; CJIeBa HanpaBJlHIOlLlero lllTHcjJTa B OTBepCTIle CTep}KHH 8; .n:a-
335
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334

I 
Jlec B OTllCpCTHC HI-ITeHanpaBIIH'JlJI 2.1 Ha pYKaBe MaUlHHbI (CM. pHC.
215), BIIlf3 nOJ{ pOJlIIK HanpaBIITeJlH Ha <t>POHTOBO:vJ .n:HcKe, BBepx 1301{-
p.)- r pO:IHKa- 22 HllTenoJ{aT'Hma, 3aTeM no.n: npY>KHHY Ha HH>KHCM KOH-
ue ur.10BOJ{HTCJlH H B YUIKO Hr JIbl.
lI..'lH BbInOJIHeHHH O;J:HOHHTO'-lHOrO CTe>KKa, OC06eHHO npll npHIllHBKe
nyroBIIUbI C «HO>KKOIl», pacxO.n:yeTC5J 60JIbIllOe KOJIHlJeCTBO HHTKH. 3TY
HHTKY noc.'le 3aTHrHBalUlH CTe>KKa He06xoJJ.HMO CMaTbIBaTb C KaTYllIKH.
B J\HHllIIHe HMelOTCH ..'I.Ba perYJIHTOpa HaTH>KeHHH HIITKU, O.n:HH 113 KOTO-
pblX OCIIOBHOII 3aJJ.HHii BbIKJIIOlJaeTCH B MOMeHT CMaTbIBaHHH lUlTKH C
KaT WKH (nOCJIe 3aT5JrHBaHIIH CTe>KKa) .lJ.JIH ::ITOH uemI Ha r JIaBHOM
Ba.71Y 21 3aKpenJIeH KYJIa'-lOK 1, Ha KOTOpbIl1 onHpaeTcH CTep)KeHb 35.
Ky.1340K npH BpalI.lemnr r.1aBHoro BaJIa nO..'l.HHMaeT CTep>KeHb, 3aTeM
noLI. .J.eiiCTBHeM npY>KHHbI OH onycKaeTcH. .CTep>KeHb 35 npll no.n:1>eMe
Ha>KIL\IaeT Ha BCpXHlOIO IllaM6y H oCB060>K.lI.aeT HaTH>KeHHe HHTKH. Ky-
.71a40K 1 KpemITcH Ha r JIaBHOM 'BaJIY JJ.B'YMH BHHTai\lH, Hero JIerKO MO>K-
HO YCTaHOBHTb TaK, '-IT06bI HHTKa OCB060>KJJ.aJIaCb nOCJIe 3aTHrHBaHHH
CTeIKKa.
Opu BblKJII04eHHH MaWIIHbI HHTKa nepe.ll. 06pe3KOM 3a>KHMaeTCH
Me>K.J.Y npmKIDIHOII nJIaCTIIHOII 33 H UHJIHH;J:POM 32, pacnOJIO>KeHHbIM
noJJ. HCll.
KY.1a'-lOK 26 (CM. pHC. 215), 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Ha 060JJ.e KomlpHoro
JJ.HCKa 20, nOBOpalJIIBaeT pbI'-Iar 25 Ha ero OCH no '-IaCOBOII CTpeJIKe,
Bep.\Hee nJIe'-lO ero nepeMeI.l.laeTC5J BnpaBO, II '-Iepe3 TOJIKaTeJIb 28 KOpO-
MbIC.10 29 nOBopa'-limaeT BaJIHK 31 npoTHB '-IaCOBOM CTpeJIKH. OaJIeu Ba-
JIHK8 npH 3TOM nO.1HHMaeT UHJIHHJJ.P 32 H npmKHMaeT HHTKY K nJIaCTlI-
He 38.
OpH Ha>IUL\le Ha neJJ.aJIb 3aJJ.Hee n.1e40 pbIlJara 27 nOJJ.1>eMa nyro-
BH'-IIIOrO annapaTa onycKaeTcH, npH 3TOM cK06a 34, cBepxy KOToooii
npoxO.J.HT HHTKa, no..'.l JJ.eHcTBHeM npY)K.HHbI no.!1YlJaeT BpaI.l.leHHe Ha OCH
H BbITHrHBaeT HHTKy C KaTY'IllKH, C03.n:aBaH ee pe3epB .n:JIH BbInOJIHeHHSI
nepBoro CTe)K.Ka.
K pbllJary 27 npHKpenJIeH BepTHKaJIbHbrii phI'-Iar 24, KOTOpbIH BXO-
JJ.HT B na3 THrH, pacnOJIO>KeHHOM B nJIaT<popMe (Ha pHCYHKe He nOKa3a-
Ha) H3 nepeJJ.HeM KOHue THrH 3aKpenJIeH Ho)K JJ.JIH 06pe3aHHH HHTKH.
OpH nOBopOTe pbllJara 27 THra nepeMeI.l.laeTcH Ha pa60TaIoLUero, a Hom
06pe33cT KOPOTKYlO BeTBb neTJIH, pacnOJIOmeI-IHYIO Ha neTJIHTeJIe. OpH
no.n:1>ele nyroBH'-IHoro annapaTa CneUHaJIbHbIll pbI'-Iar OTBOJJ.HT KOHeu
HHTKII BJIeBO OT YlliKa Hr JIbl.
3. nOJIyaBToMaT 295-ro KJIaCCa JJ.JIH nplHlJHBKH nyroBHU
lllBelIHaH MaIllHHa-nOJIyaBToMaT 295-ro KJIaCCa npeJJ.Ha3HalJaeTCH
JJ.JIH npuwHBKH nyroBllu C JJ.BYMH OTBepCTlIHMH K MY>KCKHM COpO'-lKaM
O.n:HOHUTO'-lHbIMH uemlbIMH CTe>KKaMH. OyrOBHUbI aBTOMaTHlJeCKH no.n:a-
IOTCH 113 6YHKepa.
Oo.lyaBToMaT pa3pa60TaH Ha 6a3e nOJIyaBToMaTa 95-ro KJIacca H
OTJIU'-IaeTCH OT nOCJIe.n:Hero JJ.onOJIHHTeJIbHbI:\1H MexaHH3MaMH II YCTPOII-
CTBa:\IH, 06eCnelJHBalOI.l.lHMH aBTOMaTH'-IeCKYIO no.n:a'-lY nyroBHU H3 6YH-
Kepa. KpoMe Toro, JIanKH nyroBH'-IHoro annapaTa nOJJ.HHMaIOTCH He OT
336
ne.n:3JIII, KaK B MaWHI-le 95-ro KJIaCCa, a OT :\1eXaHU3Ma aBTOMaTlIlJeCKOM
n0.13411 nyroBHU. ,MawHHa BK.11O'-IaeTCH B pa60TY C nOMOIUblO 3.71eKT-
pOMarHHTa. MaIllHHa ynpaBJIHeTCH o.n:Holl HOIKHoll ne.n:aJIblO. OpH BK.71IO-
'leHHH 3JIeKTpoJJ.BHraTeJlH C n0:\10IUblO nycKoBoM I{\-lOnKH cpa6aThIBacT
3.1eKTpo:\larHHT, H .1anKII nyroBH'-Il-lOrO annapaTa nOJJ.HH:\1aIOTCH. 00..'1.-
I{.'la.n:bI133eTCH M3TepU3J1, II npH H3>KHMe H3 ne.n:3,lIb .'l3nKH 3BT0:\1aTH'-I(,-
CIUI on) CKaIOTCH. M3'IllHII3 BK.lI0lJ8eTCH B pa60TY. OocJIe npUWIIB3HII5J
n\TOBIIUhI JIanKII C npHwHToII
n)TOBIIueii aBTOM3 TH'-Iec«!I
no.n:HHM3IOTCH, nO..'l.3B3TeJIb
nyroBHubI nOJJ.aeT O'-lepe.n:HYIO
nyroBHUY B JIanKH annapaTa,
a npIlIllHTYIO nyroBHUY BbITa"l-
IOIBaeT H3 JIanOK. OOCJIe 3TO-
ro MaIlIHHa aBTOMaTH'-IeCI{H
BblK.lI0lJaeTCSI. OpH nOJJ.1>e-Ie
anOK nyroBHlJHOrO annapaT3
npOIlCXOJJ.HT 06PbIB HHTKH
OKO.10 CIlIHBaeMoro MaTepHa-
.1a. .lJ.JIH npHWHBaHH51 CJIe- 7
.n:"IOI.l.leM n\TrOBHUbI JJ.ocTaTOlJ- 1J5.Z9.11 8  2, 1. ;5, 'J 8,1o.
oJ J , I , , , L.t.
HO nepeMeCTHTb :\1aTepIla.lI, .
HamaTb Ha ne.n:aJlb, H UHl<.TJ 14.10. 1 8,20,"' 8 " f5.17,12f,lJ,
pa60TbI MallIHHLl 6Y..'l.eT nOB- 24,25 l5.l.28
TOpHTbCH. 
.lJ.HaMeTp npHililfBae\<lbIX PIIC. 217. McxaHH3M opHcHTaUHH nyroDIlU no
nyroBIIU 11 H 14 M:vJ. Cxe:\Ia nHueBOH CTopOHe:
pacnOJlOmeHH5J CTe)K.KOB Ha Q-cxcla MCJ<a1l1l3\1a; 6-CXCMa pacnO.llO>KCIIIISI CTC>K-
nyroBHuax nOK83aHa Ha I<OB lIa nyroBIIax
pHC. 217, 6.
OyroBllua H :\laTepHa.lI nO.1rlJalOT nepeMeI.l.leI-IHe TOJIbKO B nonepe'-l-
HOM HanpaBJIeHI-IH OTHOCHTeJIbHO n.'IaT!pOp;\lbl MaIlIHIIbl. OepeJJ.aTO'-lHOe
OTHoweHHe '-IepBH'-IHOH napbI 28' I. OJJ.HH 060POT BaJIa KonHpa BbITJOk
HHeTCH 3a 28 060pOTOB rJIaBI-lOrO BaJIa MalIlHHbl. 3a 3TOT nepHOJJ. npH-
liIHBalOTCH JJ.Be nyroBHUbl. OpIiIlIIIBKa n)TOBIiU npOH3BO..'l.HTCH 3a pa3-
JIl!lJHOe lJHCJIO YKOJIOB I1r.1bl. OJJ.Ha n)TOBHua npIiIlIHBaeTCH 3a 13 rl<O-
JIOB HrJIbl, BTopaH - 3a 15.
MexaHH3M pueHTHpoBKH nyroBuLl no JIHQeBoH CTopOHe (pIlC. 217).
Dep e 1l. no.n:alJeI-l nyroBI-IU B .'lanKH-3a>KH:\1bI n)TOBH'-IHOrO annapaTa npo-
H3BO.n:HTC HX opHeHTHpoBKa no JIHueBOii cTopoHe Ii nopacno.'lO)K.eHHIO
OTBepcTHH. OpHeHTaUHH nyroBHI no .1!lIUeBOll CTOpOl-le npOH3BOJJ.HTCH B
6YHK-epe 15, IlIapHIIpHo 3aKpenJIeHHOM Ha KpoHiliTerlHe 16 K pYKaBY Ma-
IIIHl-lbL BHYTPH 6YHKepa H8XO.n:HTCH 1<O.lbUO 14, pa3.n:eJIeHHOe nepero-
PO;J:KaMH Ha Cel<TOpbl. KOJIbuO no.1)'4aeT MeJJ..leHI-lOe BpaI.l.leHIIe npOTl-iB
qacoBoII CTpeJIKH OT npH>KHMae:\fOro K HeMY CPPHKUHOHI-lOrO pO.1HKa 12.
PO.1IIK cB060JJ.HO nOCa>KeH Ha OCH 11 BToporo KpoHIlITei'lHa, 3aKpen.'leH-
Horo Ha pYKaBeMaIlIHHbI.C3a...l.Hpo..lIlKa H:\1eeTCH )K.eJI060K JJ.JIH peMHH.
POJ1IIK nOJIY'-IaeT BpaI.l.leHHe OT 3JIeKTpoJJ.BHraTeJlH 1 .lJ.JIH 3Toro OT
01l.Horo }KeJI06Ka 'IlIKJIBa 2 3JIeKTpO,rJ:BI'IraTeJIH BpaIlI.eHHe C nOMOI.l.lbIO
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337

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HbIM OTIIOlllCHIICM 24 : I OT 6apa6C1HCI 6 pe.n.YKTopa C nOMOU.\bIO 3y6'-1a-
Toro pCMHH 7 MC.lI.,1JelIHOe BpallleHHe nepe.n.aeTC5I BepXHeMY 6apa6aHY 9,
C13060.ll.HO nOCa)Ke!IHOMY Ha pacnpe.ll.CJIHTeJIbHOM BaJIY 8 Y3JIa aI3TOMa-
TH'-IeCKoii: nO;I.a'-lH nyroBHU. C3a.n:II n30B Ha 6apa6aHe IIMeeTCH >KeJI06,
Ha KOTOpbIH Ha.n:eBaeTCH Kpyr JIblli peMeHb 10, nepe.n:aJOIllHll BpaIIH:'HHC
<t>PHKUHOHJ-lOMY pOJIlIKY 12, a OT Hero - KOJIbUY 14.
nyroBIIllbJ, 3aCbInaJ-lHble B 6YHKep, nona.n:alOT B ceKTopbI H nepeJe-
maJOTCSI HMIJ BBepx (B Ka>K.n:bJIJ ceKTop nonaJ].aeT no o.ll.J-lOii nyroBHue)
BJ-lY fpH Ka>K.n:oro ceKTopa H:\leeTCSI BbICTyn 19. ECJIH nyroBHua nona.n:a-
eT B ceKTop H3J-laHO'-lHOll CTOpOHOIJ, TO, npoxo.n:SI OKOJIO npY>KHHbI 13,
3TH BbJCTynbJ nm.wraIOT c6paCbIBaTb nyroBHUY 06paTHO B 6pIKep. Ec-
JIH n)TOBHua nOna.ll.aeT Ha BblCTyn JIHUeBOH CTOpOJ-IOII, TO .n:BJUKCTCH c
ceKTopOM .n:o KpallHero BepXHero nOJIO>KeHHH, nOCJIe '-Iero no.n: .'I.eHCTBH-
eM C06CTBeJ-lJ-lOrO Beca HanpaBJIHeTCH B cneUHa.'lbHbIH KaHaJI 17 noc.,1e
BbInOJIJ-leHHH UIIKJIa npUlllUBaJ-lHH H3 KaHaJI3 C nOMOlUbIO OTceKaTe.1H
nyroBIIIILJ (no O.'l.HOII) no.n.aJOTCSI B HanpaBJIHIOlltHII lllTyuep 18.
Y3en opHeHTauHH nyroBHu no oTBepcTHHM H aBTOMaTH'-IeCKOH no-
.n:a'-lH B nanKH. Y3eJI OpHeJ-lTaUHH nyroBHUbI no oTBepcTHHM II aBTOMa-
TH'-IecIwH ee nO.'l.a ' lI1 B JIanKH HMeeT HeCKOJIbKO MexaHH3MOB. MeXaHI13-
MbI pacnOJIO>KeJ-lbJ B Kopnyce, KOTOpblH 3aKpenJIeH B BbIJIeTe pYKaB3
MaIllHHbI. B Kopnyce nOMelUeH pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJIbHblH BaJI 8. Ha KOTO-
pOM, KaK YKa3bll3aJIOCb paJ-lee (CM. pHe. 217), CBOOO.ll.J-lO BpalUaeTcH 6a-
pa6aH 9.
Pacnp e .ll.e,1HTeJIbHbJH Ba,1 nepeJ]. BbIK.1IO'-IeHHeM MalllHJ-lbI nOJIYLJaCT
BpailleHHe Ha O.n:HH 060POT, nOCJIe '-Iero aBTOMaTH'-IeCKH BbJK.1IO'-IaeTCSI.
3a O.n:HH 060POT pacnpe.n:eJIlITeJIbHOrO BaJIa cpa6aTbIBaIOT Bce fexaH3-
MbI \'3JIa opHeHTaUHH nyroBHUbI no oTBep'cTHSIM H aBTOMaTH'-IeCKOH ee
no.n:al!I1 B JIanKH. npe>K.n:e '-IeM paccMaTpHBaTb YCTPOHCTBO caMoro Y3-
JIa, paCCMOTpHM MexaHH3M BI<JIIO'-leHHH pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJIbHOrO BaJIa.
MeXaJ-lH3M HMeeT CJIe.ll.YIOIllee YCTPOHCT130 (puc. 218) Ha nepe.n:He\f
KOHue BaJIa KonHpa MexaHH3Ma nonepe'-lHoro nepeMelUeHH5I nyroH'-I-
HOro annapaTa 3aKpenJIeH KYJIa'-lOK 25_ K 060.n:y KonHpa npY>KHHOIJ 20
npII>KHMaeTCSI pOJIHK 22 yrJIOBOrO pbI'-Iara 18, 3aKpenJIeJ-lHOrO lllapHIip-
HbL\f BHJ-lTOM 19 K pYKaBY MaIllHHbI. B 3eB pbI'-Iara 18 BXO.'UIT na.leu
yrJIOBOrO pbl'-lara 16, TaK>Ke lllapHIipJ-lbIM BHHTOM 17 3aKpen.lcIIHoro K
P} KaBY Ma'lliHHbI. BHU3Y Ha BepTHKaJIbJ-lOM nJIe'-le 3Toro pb4ara J-la
lllapJ-lupe 14 3aKpenJIeJ-la 3aIlle.'lKa 13, BepxHce nJIe'-lO KOTOpOI1 ynHpa-
eTCSI B lllTHqJT 15, 3anpeccoBaHHbIH B pbIlJare 16.
Ha pacnpe.n.eJIHTeJIbHOl\f BaJIy 8 >KeCTKO 3aKpen.7JeH .n:HCK  C c06a ' I-
KOH 5. nppKHHa 6 CTpeMHTcH nOBepHYTb c06a'-lKY no '-IaCOBOII cTpe.7JKC
BOKpyr ee OCH 7 H COe.ll.HHHTb c06a'-lKY C O.ll.J-lHM H3- '-IeTbJpeX lliTH<t>TOB
10, 3aKpenJIeHHblX Ha BHYTpeJ-lHeM Topue 6apa6aHa. XBOCTOBHK c06a'-l-
KI1 ynHpaeTCH B Topeu yrJIOBOrO pbl'-lara 4, npII>KHMaeMOro K .n:HCKY 9,
nppKUJ-lOH 11, H n03ToMY B TaKOM nOJIO>KeHHH pbl'-larva 4 c06a l .[J{a He
l\10>KeT CBOUl\I 3y60M coe.n:HHUTbCH € lllTHqJTOM. Yr JIOBOII pbllJar 4 vlllap-
J-llJpIlbIM BIHITOM 3 npHl<penJIeJ-l K Kopnycy Y3JIa aBTOMaTUlJeCJWH na-
J].alJII nyroBHUbI.
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(JJlIl3allHH 'nyroBIIHLI pOJIIIK 22 yr JlOBOrO pbIllara 18 3aXO..'l.HT B BblCMKY
21 KyJIa'-lKa 25. YrJIoBoii pblI.Jar 18 no..'l. .lI.ei'lcTBHCM npY>KHHbl 20 nOBO-
pI'IIIBaeTCH BOKpyr lllapHllpa 19 npOTJII3 lJaCOBOH CTpem<I1 H nOBOpa'-lH-
BacT pbl'lar 16 BOKP) r lllapHHpa 17 npOTJIB lJaCOBOH CTpeJIKII. npl1
nOM 3alUeJlKa 13 lI.armT Ha pOJlHK 12, II yrJloBoH pbJI.Jar 4, IIOJI) lJaSI
TO.1'-10K, nOBOpa'-lUBaeTCH BOKpyr mapHHpa 3. Ero BepTHKaJIbHOe nJle'-lo
OT\.O!!.HT OT C06alJKH 5, KOTopaH no.ll. .n:eHcTBHeM npY>KHHbJ 6 nOBopa4H-
18
21
22
PHC. 218. CxeMa McxaHH3MII BKnlO'IeHHH pllcnpcllcnHTe.1b1WrO BIInll
BaeTCH no lJaCOBOH CTpeJlKe OTHOCHTeJlbHO lllapmlpa 7 3y6 C06a'-lKH
COE'.lI.IIH5IeTCH C O.n.HHM H3 lJeTblpex naJlbu,eB 10 6apa6aHa. TaKJiM 06pa-
3Q;\1 pacnpe,.'l.CJIHTeJlbHbIII BaJI nOJlY'-laeT BpalUeHHe.
no!!. ,.'l.eIICTBIIeM npY>KHJ-lbI 11 yrJIOBOH pbIllar 4 BHOBb npH>KHMaeTCSI
K ,'UICKY 9, 11 nOC.le O.ll.J-loro 060pOTa pacnpe.ll.eJlIiTe.'lbJ-IOrO l3aJla XBOCTO-
BHK C06alJKH BJ-lOBb ynpeTcH B Topeu pbIlJara 4, H MeXaHI13M BbIKJIIO-
IJI1TCH.
npH nYCI<e MalllHHbI B pa60TY J]..HH npHlllHBaHHH CJIe.'l.YIOIlleH nyro-
BHUbl 'POJlHK 22 H3 Bna.n:JiHbI 6y.n.eT nepeMe'lUaTbCH Ha 060.ll. KYJIa'-lKa
25, npH 3TOM )TJIOBOH pbI'-Iar 18 nOBepHcTcH no lJaCOBOli CTpeJIKe OTHO-
CHTCJlbHO lllapHHpa 19, a pbI'-Iar 16 no '-IaCOBOII CTpCJIKe OTHOCHTeJlbHO
lliapJ-lHpa 17, HO 3alUeJIKa npH 06paTJ-IO:\1 .n:BH>KeJ-lJIH 6Y.'l.eT nOBOpa'-lH-
DaTbCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCI1 14 H 3aHHMaTb nOJIO>KeHHe, nOKa3aHHoe Ha
pHcYJ-lKe YCJlOBJ-IbIMH .7JHHHHMH. npH 3TOM 3aIlleJlKa J-le CMO>KeT nOBep-
HYTb yrJloBoH pbl'-lar 4 BOKpyr lllapJ-lHpa 3, 11 MeXaJ-lH3M npOJi3BOJlbl10
lie BKJlIO'-lI1TCSI.
Pbl'-lar 1 C.'lY>KHT .lI.JI5I BI<JIIO'-IeHI1H MexaHH3Ma aBTo:\laTHlJCCKOH no-
LLa'-lH nyroBHu, npH nponycKe nyroBHu. .lJ.JIH 3Toro .lI.OCTaTO'-lHO nOBep-
HYTb JIE'BOH PYKOII pbl'-lar 1 no '-IaCOBOli CTpeJIKe BOKpyr OCH 2, np"
3TO\i pbl'-lar 4 TaK>Ke nOBepHeTcH OTHOCHTeJlbHO lllapJ-lHpa 3, H C06a'-lKa
5 coe.n:IIHHTCSI co lllTI1<pTOM 10 6apa6aHa.
339
..

I
I
" I
' ,
1:) MCXaHI1.:!MC HMt:e-rcn npoCToe OJIOKHpYIOll.lCe YCTPuOHCTBO, KOTopoe
HC n03BOJIfleT BKJIIO'-lHTb MexaHH3M, eCJIII pa60TmOll.lI111 Ha MalilllHe He
On}CTI1T ne.n:aJIb. Do.n:a'-la n)TOBI1Ubl B nyrBI1Llc.n:ep>KaTeJIb He npo-
1130H.n:eT H npe.n:oTBpaTHTCfl nO"10MKI1 .n:CTaJIel1, a 6y.n:eT nOBTopHTbCfI
UHK.l nplllilHBKII.
ECJII1 :l.lalilHHa BK.llO'IeHa, TO paMKa OCTaHOBa 29 OTKJIOHena OTHo-
CHTeJIbHO LleHTpoBbIX BI1HTOB 27 npOTI1B '-Ia-COBOll CTpeJIKI1 (BJIeBo) OT
3KCLleHTpl1Ka OCTaHOBa MalilH-
If !J.f 1 70 6' HbI. B 3TOM c.'lY'Iae yr JIOBOII pbl-
@! /0 u6 '-Iar 26, 3aKpenJIemlblll Ha lilap-
° I ' 0 Hl1pe 27, no.n: .n:eHCTBl1eM C06CT-
"  BeIIHoH MaCCbI ynl1paeTCH Bbl-
/ ,-  pe30M 24 B llillIlJIbKY 23 yrJIOBO-
2 5 7 OJ ro pbI'-Iara 18 11 He n03BOJIHeT
--_ pO.lI1KY 22 3ana.n:aTb B BbIeMKY
(0 --,', 11 " 21 Ky.'la'IKa 25.
o Dpl1 BbIKJIIO'IeHMH MalilHHbi
o D=J pai\lKa OCTaHOBa 29 nOBepHcTCfI
no CTpeJIKe A II '-Iepe3 lilnIfJIbKY
6' 28 nOBepHeT pbI'Iar 26 OTHOCH-
rB TeJIbHO lilapHl1pa 27 no 'IaCOBOlI
CTpe.llKe. BbIpe3 24, no.n:HlfMaHCb
Ha.n: lilllIfJIbKOH 23, He 6y.n:eT npe-
nHTCTBOBaTb pOJIHKY 22 3ana-
.u.aTb B BbIeMKY 21 KYJIa'IKa 25.
DpHHLlHn pa60TbI Y3JIa 0PH-
eHTaUHH nyroBHLl no oTBepcTHHM
H aBTO!\laTHlJeCKOH no,n:alJH B
JIanKH nOKa3aH Ha pHC. 219.
B npoLlecce pa60Tbl MalilHHhI
H3 HanpaBJIHIOIl.{ero lliTyuepa 18
(CM. pHC. 217) nyroBHUbI nocTY-
nalOT B npHeMHbIII KaHaJI. B npI1-
eMHI1Ke Haxo.n:flTCH .n:Be nyroBIflJ.bJ
9 II 10. DepBaH nyrOBHLla 9
(pHC. 219, a) pacnOJIaraeTCH Ha .n:HCKe 4 II y.n:ep}/(J1BaeTCH no,n:KOBO-
06pa3Hoii npY}/{I1HOH 3. Ha nyrOBI1UY onnpaIoTcH IJanpaBJIHloIl.{I1e
naJIbUbI 2 no.n:aBaTeJIH 1. BTopaH nyrOBI1ua 10 Haxo,n:HTCH B npne:\oI-
H01\1 KaHa.le.
Ha nepe,n:HeM KOHue THrH 7 3aKpenJIeH pOJIHK 5, KOTOpbIH BHH3)7
Bxo,n:nT B na3 1lnCKa 4. Dpn nepeMeIl.{eJIIII1 3TOH THfJI .n:nCK BMeCTe c
nyroBIIueH 9 nOBopa'IHBaeTCH Ha 180°, a na.lbUbI nOllaB3TeJIH 3aCKaKH-
BaIOT B OTBepCTl-I5J nyroBIIubI II Opl1eHTllpYIOT I1X nepneH.n:I1KY JIHpHO K
OCM nJIaT(f)OpJ\1bI (pHC. 219, 6) DpH 3TOM 3eB no.n:KoBo06pa3HoH npy-
}/<HHbl pacnOJIaraeTCH no HanpaBJIeHHIO K JIanKaM nyroBHlJHOrO anna-
paTa. DocJIe 3Toro non.aBaTe.'lb 1 nOJI} lJaeT .n:BIDKeHHe Ha pa60TalOIl.{e-
ro, BbIBO.'1.I1T nyroBHLlY 9 113 npY}/(J1Hbl 3 H HanpaBJIHeT ee B JIanKH 8
nyroBHlJHOro annapaTa (pHC. 219, B). THra H .n:nCK 4 B03BpalllaIoTCH B
Hcxo,n:IJOe nOJIo}/(eIJl1e, a TOJIKaTeJIb 6, nepeMeIl.{aHCb K pa60TaIOIl.{e:\oIY,
I
I
 C2i:
0)
r;;;A{"
 tt [J:J
z)
PHC. 219. CxeMa npHHltHna pa60Tbi Y3.1Ja
oplleHTaltHH nyroBHlt no oTBepcTHHM H aB-
TOMaTH'IeCKOii nOAa'iH B nanKH
II
I
I
,
I
II '
I I
:1 I
I
I (I
I
I I,
340
3aTaJIKIIBaeT CJIc.n:YIOlll.YIO nyroBHLly 10 B npY}KHHY .n:I1CKa 4. 01l.HO-
BpeMenno no.n:aHan'JIb 1 nO.'IyqaCT nepeMeLU.cHI1C BBCPX, ero HanpaBJIH-
IOIlI.He naJIbLlbl BblXOJl,HT H3 OTBCpCTl1fl nyroBIILlbl 9 11 no.n: Jl,cileTBHeM
npV}KHHbI nO!l.anaTCJIb B03Bpalll.acTCH B I1CXO.n:HOC nO.llO>KeHlle 11 CBOUMIi'
nanbLlaMI1 6y.n:CT Onl1paTbCH Ha O'lepe.n:H)'lo nyroBuLlY 10, HaXOJl,Hll.lylO-
CH y}/{e Ha Jl,I1CKe (puc. 219,2)
OTCCKaTeJIb oCB06mK.n:aeT 113 KaHaJIa O'-lepc,n:HYIO nyroBI1LlY 11, K0-
TopaH 3aln1CT nOJIO>KeHlfe npe;J.blJl,YllI.ell nyroBIILlbI 10 DpoLlecc Jl,aJIee
nOBTopHeTcH.
IHJ
PHC. 220. Y3en opHeHTaltHH nyroBHltbl no oTBepcTHHM H aBTOMaTH-
'IecKoii nOAa'iH B nanKH
LLJIH BbInOJIHeHI1H YKa3aHHbIX <PYHKLlHH Y3eJI HMeeT CJIe.n:YIOIl.{He Me-
xaHH3MbI: nOBOpOTa .n:HCKa C nyroBI1ueii, ropH30HTaJIbHoro npeMell.le-
HHH nOJl,aBaTeJIH, BepTHKaJIbHOrO nepeMellleHHH no,n:aBaTeJIH, TOJIKaTe-
JIH, 3a.Il.{eJIKH OTCeKaTeJIH. Bce 3TH MeXaHH3MbI paCnOJIO}/(eHbI B O.n:HO:\1
Kopnyce. CXeMa Y3JIa nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 220. B Kopnyce nOMeIl.{eH pac-
npe.'1.eJIIITeJIbHbIll BaJI 8 C 6apa6aH0\1 40.
Ha pacnpe.n:eJIHTe.'lbHOM BaJIY 16 3aKpenJIeHbI 'IeTbIpe KyJIalJKa 17,
15, 26, 27, HBJIfllOIl.{HeCH Be.n:Yll.lIIMH 3BeHbH:\om BbIlilenepelJHc.1JeHHbIX JI1e-
xaHH3MOB. Do nOBepxHOCTHM K)'.la'IKOB CKOJIb3HT POJIUKH pbI'larOB 18,
20, 22, 24, 3aKpenJIeHHbIX Ha OCHX. Do.n: .'1.eIICTBHeM npY}/(JIH 19, 21, 23
H 25 pOJIHKH npU}/(J1:waIOTCH K KY.'la'-lKa:l.1. O.J.HH KOHeLl npY}/<HH npHI{-
penJIeH K pbI'laraM, .n:pyrOJI - K CTep}/{HIO 28.
K pbI'lary 18 mapHIIpHO npIlKpen.1JeHa THra 7, KOTopaH B CepeJl,I1He
coe.n:HHeHa co 3BeIJOM 12. Ha ncpe.n:HCM KOHLle THrH H:\leeTCH pOJIHK 5,
I<0TOpbIH CHH3Y BXO.J.HT B na3 .n:HCKa 4. Dpn BpaIl.{eHHH pacnpe.n:eJIH-
TeJIbHorO BaJIa KYJIa'lKII B onpe.'1.eJIeHHOI u I nOCJIe.'1.0BaTeJIbHOCTH nOBopa--
IIHB3lOT pbI'-IarH OTHOCHTe.'lbHO HX OCII H npHBo.n:HT B .n:BH>KeHlIe 3BeHbH
MexaHH3MOB. DpH nOBopOTe pbI'lara 18 THra 7 nepeMelll.aeTCH Ha pa60-
TalOIl.{ero H O.'1.IJOBpe:\-leHHO BMeCTe 'C coe.n:HHHTeJIbHbIM 3BeHOM 12 no.1JY-'
lIaeT Bpall.leHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO lilapHIfpa 11. Dpn nOM nepe.n:HI-Ilf KOHeI.{'
THrIf C pOJIIfKOM 5 onHCbIBaeT TpaeKTopmo, 6JIIf3KYlO K nOJIyoKpY}/{HO-
CTIf, a .n:nCK 4 nOJIY'laeT BpaIl.{ellHe IJa 180°. 00.'1. .n:eHcTBlIeM npY}/(![Hbf
341
..

7 Cl' C n p Y)KIIIIoi1 3 B03I3paI..LlaIOTCH B HCXO.n:Hoe
19 P hl'lar /8 TJ1ra 1f.ll.1I, - . u
' T - , . pa 60TaeT McxaHII3M 1I0BopoTa .lI.HCKa C lIyroBHllcli.
I10JJO)KCIIIIC. a, . 1
DpH nOB01JOTC pbll/ara 22 1I0..1aBaTe.rlh n) rOBHllbl nepeMeI..LlaeTCH K
JlaIlKCI'\1 B:\ICCTe C THrOH 29 II npoH3BoJJ,IIT no.n:a'IY nyroBHllbI B JIalIl<H
II) r013114110rO annapaTa. IlocJIe )Toro npH nOBopoTe pbI'-Iara 24 yrJIoBofl
pbl4ar 38, coe.n:lfHeHHbIfl C HHM npll nOMOlll.H THrH 37, CTep.iKHeM 36 noJJ,-
HHMaCT nepe.n:HHH KOHell THrH 29 H nO..1aBaTeJIb 1
fffil s
f
J
1
/&
/5
PHC. 221. CxeMa 6J10KHpYlOll.Iero yCTpOHCTBa
,
IlaJlbllbI 2 no.n:aBaTeJIH BbIXO.n:HT H3 OTBepCTliH nyroBHUbI, H Mexa-
HH3M no.n: .n:eHCTBHeM npY}/(lfH 23 H 25 nepeMell1.aeTCH B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO-
}/(eHHe - TaK pa60TaIOT MexaHH3Mbl ropH30HTaJIbHOrO H BepTHKaJIbHO-
ro nepeMell1.eHHH no.n:aBaTeJIH.
Ilo.a lIeHCTBHeM npY}/(lfHbI 31 pbI'Iar 35 .n:aBHT Ha nrry 29, a CJIe;:I.o-
BaTeJIbHO, H no.n:aBaTeJIb 1 naJIbllaMH 2 npH.iKHMaeTCH K nyroBHue.
IlpH nOBopoTe pbl'Iara 20 npY}/(HHHbIll 'WTOK 14 .n:aBHT Ha nOJI3YH
33, K KOTopm'IY npHKpen.rIeH TOJIKaTe.lb 6. TOJIKaTeJIb no.n:aeT o'Iepe.n:-
HYIO nyroBHUY B .n:HCK 4 - TaK pa60TaeT MexaHH3M TOJI'KaTeJIH.
K nOJI3YHY 33 no.n: .n:eHcTBHeM npY}/<HHbI 30 npH.iKHMaeTCH pbI'Iar
32. IlpH nepeMell1.eHHH nOJI3YHa HaKJIOHHa5I nJIOCKOCTb 34 nOBOpa'-lHBa-
BaeT pbl'wr 32, KOTOpbIii 'Iepe3 KOpOMbICJIO 13 II 'coe.n:IIHHTe.IJbHOe 3Be-
HO 9 nOBopa1IHBaeT pbI'Iar 10 Ha OCH 8, BepxHlIii KOHl"U KOToporo wap-
HHpHO coe.n:HHeH C 3all1.eJIKOH 39 3alll.l"JIKa THHeT 3a C060H paMKY, K
KOTOpOll npHKpenJIeH OTCeKaTeJIb nyroBlillbI. OTCl"KaTeJIb nponycKaeT
OlJepe,!I.HYIO nyroBIIUy
6JIOKHpY lO mee YCTpoicTBO (pHC, 221). Bo H35e}/(aHHl" nOJIOMOK .n:e-
TaJIell, KOTopble MorYT 6bITb Bbl3BaHbI npe.iK,!I.eBpeMeHHbIM BKJIIO'IeHH-
eM Ma-WHHbI B pa60TY .n:o B03BpaTa no.n:aBaTeJIH 1 nyroBHUbI B HCXO!l.-
Hoe nOJIO.iKeHHe, B MaIllHHe npHMeHeHO 6Jl0KHpYIOll1.ee YCTpoiicTBO.
DJIOKHPYIOll1.ee YCTPOHCTBO pa60TaeT CJIe.n:YIOll1.HM 06pa30M. IlpH
no.n:alJe nyroBHUbI B JIanKH no.u.aBaTeJIeM 1 pbI'Iar 2 nOBOpalJHBaeTC5I
34:l
I
J
'I
lIa OCII 3 npoHIB '-IacoBoii CTpeJIKH H BblcTynoM 5 .n:aBHT Ha WnHJIbKY (}
Jf nOBOpa'-lHBaeT .n: B yn.'1e'-lHfl pbI'-Iar 8 OTHOCHTeJIbllO mapHHpa 10 npo-
THB '-Ia-COBOH CTpeJIKH. 3y6 18 pbl'-lara 3aCKaKHBaeT 3a ynop 12, 3aK-
penJIeHHbIH BHHTaMH 11 Ha nrre 13, H y.n:ep.iKHBaeT ee. THra 13 mapHH-
pOM 14 coe.n:HHeHa C paMKOIi OCTaHOBa 15. B TaKOM nOJIO.iKeHHH paMKd
15 He MO.iKeT nOBepnyTbcH B lleHTpax 16, H MawHHY BKJIIO'IHTb He.'1b3H.
'"
J ' 
JR
l!!
/ Ii /
17 It /
'I. / if
I,V
16 / / A
I, I
J
I I
#J
q.
PHC. 222. CxeMa MexaHH3Ma aBTOMaTH'IeCKOrO nOAbeMa nanol\
nOCJIe B03BpaTa no.n:aBaTeJUI 1 B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO}/(eHHe pbIlJar 2 c
BbIcTynoM 5 nOBepHeTCH no.n: .n:eHcTBHeM npY.iKHHbI 4 Ha OCH 3 no '-Iaco-
BOH CTpeJIKe, a pbI'Iar 8 no.n: .n:eiicTBHe:\o1 npY}/(lfHbI 9 OTHOCIITe.TJbIlO
wapHHpa 10 TaK}/(e nOBepHeTcSI no lJa'COBOH CTpeJIKe. 3y6 18 pbl'Iara
oCB060.n:HT ynop 12, H THra 13 CMO.iKeT nepeMl"cTHTbcH B ropH30HTaJI:,-
HOM HanpaBJIeHHH H He 6y.n:eT npenHTCTBOBaTb BK.TJlO'-leHHIO MaWlfHbI B
pa60TY IloJIo.iKeHHe 3y6a 18 OTHOCHTeJIbHO ynopa 12 pery.'1HpyeTcH
CMell1.eHHeM 3BeHa 7 (3aKpen.'1l"HHOrO Ha pbllJare 8 .n:BYMH BIIHTa:\olIl 17)
TaK, '1T06bI K MOMeHTY no.n:xo.n:a no.n:aBaTeJIH 1 K JIanKaM 3y6 18 3axo-
lIHJI 3a ynop 12, a npll B03Bpall1.eHHII B HCXO!l.HOe nO.'lO}/(eHHe 3y6 18
oCB06m!{!l.a.TJ ynop 12.
MexaHH3M aBTOMaTHlJeCKOrO no.n:1>eMa JIanOK (pHC, 222). Ha BaJIY
8 3aKpenJIeH KYJIalJOK 9 (CM. .n:eTaJIb 41, pHC. 220), C KOTOpbI\1 conpl.-
KaCae1'CH pOJIHK 7 pbI'Iara 5. PbI'Iar 5 wapHHpHblM BHHTOM 19 3aK.pen-
JIeH K Kopnycy Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHUl" pbI'Iara .n:BYMH BIIHTaMH 3 3aKpen-
JIeH vrOJIbHHK 2, HH}/(lJee nJIelJO }WTOpOro pacnOJIO}/(eHO no.n: KpoHwTeH-
HOM -no.:!.1>eMa JIanOK 1 K Kopnycy mapHHpHbIM BHHTOM 10 3aKpenJIeH3
3all1.eJIKa 11, B Cpe.!l:HCli lJaCTH KOTOpoii 3anpeccoBaHa wnll.IJbKa 12.
IllnH,nbKY OXBaTbIBaeT KpIOlJOK 13, 3aKpen.'leHHbIH K THre 14, KOTOpa5f
coe.n:HHeHa mapHHpoM 16 C pa:\olKoH 17 Mexa.HI-13Ma OCTaHoBa MaWHHbI.
343

,'I
no OKOII'IHIIIIII nplIUllInKH nyroDIIIlLI a8.'1 8 MCX8I1II3:\-Ia oO..1a'-lll oy-
TonllllLI nOJ1) '!aCT npaUlCIIHe lIa OJlHH 060pOT. Ky.18'101< 9 .n:aBIIT Ha po-
JIHK 7 II nODopa'IIlDacT pLI4ar 5 OTHOCHTc.llbHO WapHI-!pa 19 (KaK nOKa-
3allO YC"lOBHbIMI-! JUIHI-!HMII) , a 33Kpen.leHHbIH Ha nepellHe:\f KOHu.e
:yrOJIbHIIK 2 no.n:HI-!MaeT KpoHwTeHH B:\oleCTe C JIanKaMH.
IlocJIe nOBopoTa pbI'wra 5 3all1.eJIKa 11 no.n: !l.eJICTBlIe:\i npY}/<HHLi
18 3y60;\l 3aCKaKilBaeT 3a wTlIqn 6 I-! Y!l.ep}/(J1BaeT pbJIlar 5 B HII}/<He:\I,
a JIanKI-! B BepxHeM nOJIO}/{eHIIH.
Dpll BKJIIOIIeHHH MaWUHbI B pa60TY paMKa 17 nOBepHeTC5I (KaK
YKa3aHo Ha puc. 222), T5Ira 14 nepe:\olecTUTC5I BJIeBO, a KplO'IOK 13 OT-
Be1I.eT 3all1.e.1KY 11 OT wTmlna 6. T5Ira 14 H:\ieeT npo.n:O.llbHoe OKRa,
B KOTopoe BXO.n:IIT wapHHpHbIH BIIHT 15. PbIqar 5 noJ, .n:eHcTBIIeM npy-
}/{HHbl 4 nOBepHeTC5I no qaCOBOH CTpCJIKe OTHOCIITC.lbHO wapHHpa 19,
II JIanKU onycTSlTC5I B HH}/{Hee nOJIO}/{eHIIe.
I'
I
1 ,1
I'
4, neTeJIbHaSi MarnHHa 62761-ro KJIaCCa (jmpMbI «MHHepna»
.\13wHHa 62761-ro KJI3Cca qHlpMbI «J\\IIHepBa» (T..:ICCP) npe.n:Ha3-
HaIIeHa .n:JIH 06MeTbIBaHI-!Sl neTeJIb Ha BepxHeli 01le}/(.n:e .n:BYXHHTO'IHOii
3IIr3aro06pa3HoH uenHoH CTPOqKOH C npuMeHeHlIe:\1 KapKacHoH (Tpe-
Tell) HHTKIl. Ha Ma'illHHe MO}/<HO H3roTOBJISlTb neT JIll C r JIa3KO:\ol 6e3
3aKpenKH HJIH C cy}/(alOll1.eHCfl 3aKpenKOH, npHMbIe neTJIH 6e3 3aKpen-
KH H"lIf C cy}/{alOll1.eHCH 3aKpenKolr.
Ha pHC. 223 .n:aHa cxeMa MaWHHbI. MawHHa IIMeeT !l.Ba npIIBo,J.HhIX
IlIKIIBa 5 II 11, nOJIyqalOIl.lHX BpaIl.leHHe OT npHBo.n:a 2. npH BKJIIOqeHIHI
.n:BHraTe.'lH BpaIl.leHHe oT WKHBa 3 C HanpaBJIeHHeM npoTHB 'IacoBoII
CTpeJIKH nepe.n:aeTcH WKHBY 5 XOJIOCTOrO xo.n:a, CB060;I.HO nOCa}/{eHHO-
MY Ha 'JepBSl'IHOl\1 BaJIY 7 aT WKHBa 1 Bpaw.eHIIe no 'IacoBoii CTpe.'lKe
nepe.n:aeTCSl pa60 ' IeMY'WKHBY 11, CB060JI.HO nOCa}/(eHHO:\iY Ha rJIaBHO1
BaJIY 12 MaWHHhI.
Ha nepe.n:HeM KOHl.(e qepBflqHOrO BaJIa 7 YCTaHOBJIeHa PYKoHTKa 4
.n:JISl BpaIl.leHHSl BaJIa BPY'-IHYIO npll HaJIa.n:Ke MaWIfHhi. Ha 3aJI.HeM KOH-
ue BaJIa 7 1I:\oleeTCfl 06roHHaH pOJIIIKOBafl MYTa 10. B cepe.n:IIHe BaJIa 7
3aKpen.leH IIepBHK 8, KOTOpbIH qepe3 qepBflqHOe KOJIeCO, I13rOTOBJIeH-
Hoe KaK O..1Ha .n:eTaJIh C pacnpe!l.e. 7 IH'IeJIbHhI:\i JI.IICKOM 9, nepe.n:aeT BD;:-
meHue 3TO:\olY .n:IICKY
3a O.n:HH 060POT pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJIbHOrO .n:HCKa 9 nOJIHOCTblO H3rOTOB-
JISleTCSl neT JIfl.
r JIaBHbIH BaJI 12 nOJIY'IaeT Bpall1.eHHe OT pa60 ' Iero WKHBa 11 qepe3
()6roHHYIO pOJIHKOBYIO Myqny, KOTopaSl BKJIlOqaeTCSl npH pa60qeM xo.n:e
MaWIIHbI.
T..:IepBHqHbIH BaJI 7 MO}/(eT nOJIY'-IaTh IIJIH 6bIcTpoe Bpall1.eHne OT
llIKIIBa 5 XOJIOCTOrO xo.n:a, HJIII npepbIBucToe TOJIIJ'K006pa3Hoe BP3Ih!:'-
Hile OT r JIaBHOrO BaJIa 12 qepe3 MexaHlI3M no.n:a'IH H pOJIHKOBYIO MY-
TY JO.
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pI1c. 224). -
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xo.n:) B 3TO BpeM5I M('xamI3Mhl I1f.lbI H neTJIHTeJ1eH He pa60TaIOT (pHC
224,/) .
6. .T1 anKH paCX01l,flTCH II paCWI1p5l1()J npope3b neT JIU.
7 XOJIOCTOH Xo.n: 3aKaHqIlBaeTCfI, BKJIIOqaeTCH pa60quII Xo.n: MaruH-
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Boii KpOMKJI neTJIH (pHC. 224, II)
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1I,E'T OJI,HHaKoBoH C npaBoH, pa60qHii X01l, MaWH-
Hhl BblKJIIOqaeTcfI If o.n:HoBpeMeHHo BK.1JIO'laeTC5I
II BTOpOH pa3 XOJIOCTOH XOJI, nJIarcpopMbI (pHC.
224, Ill)
9. D.'IaT<!JopMa MaWJlHbl 6blCTpO nepeMCIl.{a-
eTCH B HCXO.l/.Hoe nOJIO}/(eHHe.
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Ha 3TOM npoecc H3fOTOBJIeHHH neTJIH 33-
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LI:JIH BbInOJIIIeHHH nepeqHCJIeHHbIX <!JYHKUHI'
MaWIIHa HMeeT CJIe.n:YIO!l.lHe MexaHH3MbI: nYCKa
MaWHHbl; 3a>KHMa TKaHH; npope3aHHSI TKaIlU;
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TeJIbHoe .n:BJI}/(E'HHe B nOnepeqHOM HanpaBJIeHIfIf K JIHHHH CTPOqKH.
lllHpIfTeJIH B MaWHHe XBOCTOBHKaMH YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH Ha.n: neTJIH-
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MOMeHTbl, nOKa3aHHbIe Ha pHC. 225.
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at COCKaKHBaeT C JIeBOro neTJIIITeJIfI H no.n:THrHBaeTCH BBepx.
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cTynHUY lliKHBa Ha.n:eT pbI'Iar 15 H 3aKpenJIeH K HeMY .n:BYMH raHKaMJi
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Koue OCH 40, paCnOJIO}KCHHOH B PYKaBc MawHHbl, 3aKpenJIeH TpeXnJIe_
LJIH! pblLJar nepeK,,110LJeHHH 26 HJDKHee nJIe'-lO 58 )Toro pblLJara BXO.'lH1'
B OKHO 59 pblLJara BKJIIOLJeHHH 25. C roJlOBKOii npanoro nJIeLJa wapHlrp_
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pLlLJara 26 wapHHpHblM BHHTOM 56 3aKpenJleHa c06alIKa 31 Kor.n:a 3Be-
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J<p a Illa eTCH.
DJIaTQJopMa MaWHHbI, a BMeCTe C Heil H nYCKOBOH pblLJar 6 B 31'01'
JIIOMeHT nepeMew.alOTCfI H3 pa6OTalOIl.lero (BnpaBO) naJIeu 20 OTXO;l.HT
01' QJurYPHoro 6ypTHKa 62, a no.n: .n:eHcTBHeM npY}/<HHbl 8 nycKoBOH Pbl-
LJar 6 nOBopallHBaeTCH no 'laCOBOH CTpeJIKe. Ero HaKOHeLJHHK 3aCKaKH-
BaeT 3a nycKoBYIO KHonKY (pbl'lar 6 nepexo.n:HT B HCXO;l.Hoe nOJIo}/(e-
HHe)
. KaK TO.%KO BKJIlOllHTCH r JIaBHbB1 BaJI M3'UlHHbl, BTopaH HaKJlOHHaH
nJIOCKOCTb 53 nO!J.HHMaeT C06a'-lKY 31 (puc. 226, 6) C06alIKa OCBO-
60}l{LlaeT OCb 29 pOJIHKa, H no.n: .n:efrcTBHeM npY}/(HHbI 34 coe..'UIHHTe.lIb-
Hoe 3BeHO 33 HaKJIOHHeTCH (ynHpaHcb B WTHQJT 32) B pa60LJeM nOJIO-
}l{eHHH pblLJar nepeKJIIOLJeHIIH 26 Tenepb y.n:ep}/<HBaeTCH BbICTynoM 61
pbI'-Iara 3aMKa 36.
TaKHM 06pa30M, nOCJIe BKJIIO'leHH5I r.'IaBHoro BaJIa npH 06MeTbIBa-
HUH neTJIH c06aLJI<a 31 H coe.n:UHHTeJIbHoe 3BeHO 33 BbIKJIIOLJaIOTCH. ::ho
Hc06xo!J.HMO .n:JIH Toro, 'IT06bl B cJIYLJae 06pbIBa HHTKU HJIH nOJIOMKU Hr-
JIbI MalliHHY MO}/<Ho 6bIJIO BbIKJIIOLJHTb, nOBepHYB Ha ce6H 3a BepxHee
nJIellO pbI'lar 3aMKa 39.
DpH nepeMeIl.{eHHH nJIaTQJopMbI MalliHHbl, a BMeCTe C Het! U KpOHW-
TeHHa 52, 3aKpen.'IeHHOrO Ha Heii, n KpafIHee nOJIO}/(eHI1e 01' pa60TalO-
Il.{ero (BJIeBo) cTotlKa KpoHlliTeHna 52 6y.n:eT nepeMCIl.{aTb OCb 29 BJIe-
BO. Coe.n:HHHTeJIbIlOe 3BeHO 33 npH 31'01\1 6y.n:eT B03Bpa'Il.{aTbCH B BepTH-
Ka.'IbHoe nOJIO}/(eHHe, H C06aLJKa 31 BHOBb 3anpeT ero B pa60LJeM no-
.1JO}/(eHHH (pHe. 226, B)
fJIaBHbIfl BaJI M3lliHHbI BbII<JIlOLJaeTCH CJIeLlYIOIlU1M 06pa30M.
B MOMeHT, Kor.n:a JICBaH KpOMKa neTJIH 6y.n:eT OLlHHaKOBa C npaBoii,
perYJIHTOp 30 (nepeMeWaHcb 01' pa60TalOw.ero) CBOHM JIeBbIM TOpUOM
nepeMecTHT BHHT 24, BBepHYTblii B HIDKHee n.'lellO pbILJara 3aMKa 39,
BJIeBO. PblLJar 3aMKa 39 nOBepHeTCH no LJaCOBOH cTpe.1JKe, H BbIcTyn 61
oTOiiLleT OT ynopa 22 Do.n: ..'I.eHCTBHeM npY}/UIHbI 88 pbI'Iar nepeKJIlO'le-
HHH 26 BMeCTe C OCblO 40 H KopnycoM aMopTH3aTopa 42 nOBepHYTcH no
LJaCOBOH CTpeJIKe.
3y6 CTep}/{HH aMopTH3aTopa ynpeTcH B BbICTyn pbIlIara-nepeKJIlOLJfI-
TeJIH 64, nOBepHeT 060HMY 49 pOJIHKOBOH MYQJTbI, pOJImm paCKJIIiHHT-
CH, Ii rJIaBHbIH BaJI MalliHHbI BbIKJIlOLJHTCH.
Doc.'le BbIKJIIO'leHIiH r JIaBHOro BaJIa HI1}/{Hee nJIeLJO 58 pbI'lara BLlK-
JIIOLJeHHH OTXO.n:HT BJIeBO, H pbILJar nepeKJIlOLJCHHH 25 no.n: n:eHCTBHeM
npY}I{HHbI 9 nOBopalIIfBacTcH npoTHB LJaCOBofr CTpeJIKH OTHOCIlTe.lbHO
lliapHHpa 7 MYQJTa 17 BTOpIlLJHO BKJIIO'laeT 6bIcTpoe BpaIl.{eHHe LJep-
B5ILJHOro BaJIa 01' lliKHBa 14 (BTOpoii XOJIOCTOH XO..'l.) D"laTQJopMa Ma-
WHHbI 6blCTpO nepeMew.aeTcH 01' pa60TaIOwero; naJIell 20 nycKoBoro
pbI'lara 6 nO)J.xo.n:HT K QJHrypHoMY 6YPTlIKY 62 H, nepeMew.aHcb KaK no
3.51

.il
Ky.1alJ'KY, nOBOpalJIIBaCT pbl'lar 25 no qaCOBOIl CTpe.'lKe. .\1yqna 17 OT-
XO.n:HT OT 'WKHBa 14, H MamHHa OKOH'-IaTeJIbHO BbIKJIIO'-IaeTCH.
PerYJIHpOBKU B MexaHH3Me. DpH nepeMemeHlIH naJIbua 20 B na3Y
nycKoBoro pbIqara 6 (npe.n:BapHTeJIbHO OCJIa6HB raHKY 21) BJIeBO Ma-
IllHHa BbIKJIlO'-lHTCH paHbIllc; npll nepe:\ole!l.leHIIH naJIbL(a 20 BnpaBO-
n03)!{e.
Ll./IlIHa neTJIll perYJIlipyeTcH nepCMelll.eHlle:\i pery.'IHTOpa 30 C Bbl-
CTynO'\1 54 Ha nJIaT<j)op:\ole l\laIllHHbI. LlJIH YBeJIHqeHHH .n:JIHHbl nTJ1U
,I
7
21
6 20 !i II J
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I
I! 22
I
I!I 9/ .,
10
I!II 11
I
PHC. 227. l\\exaHH3M ABH)f{eHHH nnaT<!J0pMbl
perYJI5ITOp 30 3aKpcn"lHIOT 6.1H)!{e K pa6OTaI01L(e:\iY BbIKJIIO'IeHHe ;Jd-
60qero X 0.'1. a MaIllIlHbl (a CJIe.n:OBaTe.lbHO, II .n:JIHHbI .'lCBOH KpOKH
neT.1H) perYJIlIpyeTcH BBepTbIBaHlIe:\o1 1I.11l BbIBepTbIBaHHeM BlIHTa 2,1
B pbl'Iare 3aMKa. LlJI5I YBeJIIIqeHHH .n:mHIbl JIeB0I1 KpOMKH neT.1H BHHT
24 Hc06xo.n:HMO BbIBepHYTb, npellBapHTeJIbHO oCB060.n:llB raIIKY.
MexaHu3M .n:BH>KeHHH nJIaHlJOpM!>I (plIC. 227). DJIaT<j)op:\13 1 Ma-
U1IIHbI, Ha KOTOpoi-i CMOHTHpoBaHbI JIanKH, B npoL(ecce 1I3rOTOBJIeHlIH
neT JIH nepeMemaeTCH npO,.'J.OJIbHO Ha pa60TaIomero II OT Hero, a B ne-
pllO.n: 06MeTbIBaHHH rJIa3Ka neTJIH HMeeT eme H nOnepeqHOe nepeMCw,c-
HHe. Depe.n:HHH qaCTb nJIaT<j)opMbI BbICTynaMH onHpaeTCH Ha .7JCBbII'f II
npaBbIlf KpoHU1TeIIHbl 19, 3aKpenJIeHHbIe BHHTaMlI 18 H U1TII<j)Ta1\lH Ha
KapeTKe (rHTape) 17. Cpe.'1.HHH qaCTb nJIaT<j)opMbI onHpaeTcH Ha cy-
).apH 15, nOJIo)!{eHHe KOTOpblX perYJIlIpyeTcH BHHTaMH 16. 3a.n:HHH
qa-CTb nJIaT<j)opMbI onlIpaeTcH Ha BepxHlOlo nJIOCKOCTb yrJIOBoro pbI'Ia-
ra 8.
B cpe.n:HeII qaCTH n.laT<j)opMbI 3aKpenJIeH U1apHlIpHbIi-i BIIHT 2. Ha
KOTOpOM CHH3Y nOca)!{eH pOJIIiK 4, a cBepxy H3'npaBJIHlOmlli-i Kal\leHb 3.
POJIHK 4 BXO.n:HT B KonHpHbIi-i na3 20 pacnpe.ll.e.1HTeJIbHOrO .lI.HCKa. Ha-
npaB.1HIOIl.{Hlf KaMeHb 3 BXO.n:IIT B HanpaB.'IHIO!l.lHi-i na3 B pYKaBe Ma-
U1HllbI H YCTpaHHeT BepTHKaJIbHOe CMeIl.{eHHe nJIaT<j)op:\lbI.
352
YrJIOBOIl pbI'wr 8 OCbIO 22 BXO.n:HT B OTBepCHIe Kopnyca ;\IaU1HHbI.
Ha OpH30HTaJIbHOM nJIeqe pbIqara IllapHHpHo 3aKpenJIeH cyxapb 7,
KOTOpblU BXO.n:HT B HanpaBJIHIO!l.lIlII na3 21 B HH}/<Hei-i 3a.n:Hell 'IaCTJ!
nJIaT<j)opMbI.
H nepe,.'I.HeM nJIe'Ie pblqara u8 3aKpenJIeH naJIeL( C pOJIIIKml 10, KO-
TOpblU CHlI3Y BXO.n:I1T B KonllpHbIH na3 CMeHHoro !J.HCKa 9.
Ha quepB5I'IHOM Ba"lY 14 3aKpenJIeH .n:Byx3axo.n:HbIii qepBHK 13, Ha-
Xo;:J:H!l.lHIICH B 3aL(enJIeHHH C qepBHqHoi-i U1ecTepHei-i 12 (z=22) 4ep-
BHHaH U1ecTepHH, B CBOIO oqepe.n:b, 3aKpenJIeHa Ha BaJIY 11, Ha Bepx-
HHH KOHeL( KOToporo Ha.n:eBaeTCH CMeHHbIlf .n:HCK 9.
DpH BpameHIm 'IepBH'IHoro BaJIa 14 qepBHK 6 nepe.n:aeT Bpamealle
pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJIbHoMY .lI.HCKY 5. KonHpHbI11 na3 20, B KOTOpbll1 BXO,.'I.HT
pOJIIiK 4, nepeMe!l.laeT nJIaT<j)opMY 1 BnpaBo HJIH BJIeBO (B 3a.n:Hei'i '-11-
CTI-I nJIaT<j)opMa na30:\i 21 HanpaBJIHeTCH cyxape:\ol 7, a B cpe.:r.Hell 'j"]-
CTH cyxapb 3, 3aKpenJIeHHbIH Ha nJIaT<j)opMe, HanpaBJIHeTCH n330'\1
B PYKaBe MaU1HHbI).
KonHpHbIH na u 3 20 B pacnpe.'1.eJIHTeJIbHOM .n:HCKe 5 IIMeeT TaKYIO <j)op-
MY, qTO B nepBbIH neplIO,.'I., Kor.n:a BKJIlOqaeTCH XOJIOCTOi-i XO.n: :\1 am IIH bI,
K pOJIHKY 4 no.n:xo.n:HT Y'IacToK na3a, 1I:\lelOIl.{HH O.n:HH pa.n:HYc, B pe-
3YJIbTaTe '-Iero nJIaT<j)opMa He nepeMemaeTCH. B 3TOT nepllo.:r. npOHCxo-
.n:lIT 3a)!{I-IM TKaHI-I, npopy6aHI-Ie npope3H neTJIH II nOBopOT IllHTbeBoro
MeXaHI-I3Ma B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO}/{eHlIe. 3aTeM K pOJIHKY no.n:xo.n:HT yqaCT-
Kli na3a, nOCTeneHHO y.n:aJIHIO!l.llleCH OT OCH pacnpe.n:eJIHTeJlbHoro .n:HC-
Ka, H nJIaT<j)opMa nOJIY'IaeT nepeMe!l.leHlIe Ha pa60TalOmero. DocJIe 06-
MeTbIBaHHH cepe.n:HHbI r.'la3Ka neTJIH nJIaT<j)opMa nepeMe!l.laeTC5I 06paT-
HO B Hcxo.n:Hoe nOJIO)!{eHHe.
T..:IepBHK 13 nepe.n:aeT BpaIl.{eHHe U1ecTepHe 12, a CJIe.n:OBaTe.lbHO, H
cMeHHoMY .lI.IICKY 9, OT KOToporo yrJIOBOH pbI'-Iar 8 npH 06:\leTbIBaHHII
rJIa3Ka neTJIH nOJIY'-IaeT Ka'IaTeJIbHOe .n:BH)!{eHlIe. DpH 3TO:\I cyxapb 7,
a CJIe,.'J.OBaTeJIbHO, II nJIaT<j)opMa nepeMeIl.{aIOTC5I B nOnepe'-lHmI Han-
paBJIeHHl1.
B 3aBliCliMOCTH OT <j)OpMbI rJIa3Ka neTJIIi H <j)OpMbI ca:\ioi'i neTJIII
CMeHHbIe .n:IICKH 9 IIMelOT pa3JIH'IHbIe KOllJIpHble KaHaBKH, KOTopbIe .n:a-
lOT COOTBeTCTBYIOIl.{ee nonepe'IHoe nepeMemeHlIe nJIaT<j)opMe :\olaU1HHbI.
He06xo.n:HMoe KaK npH 06MeTbIBaHlIlI' rJIa3Ka neTJIH, TaK H nplI BbIn{)JI-
nCHIiH 3aKpenKH.
MexaHH3M 3a)!{HMa TKaHH (pIiC. 228, a), TKaHb npH)!{HMaeTCH .n:BY-
MH IllapHHpHblMH JIanKaMIi 20 K HaK.'la.n:HbIM nJIaCTHHa:\o1 19, 3aKpen-
JIeHHbnl Ha nJIaCTIIHax 18 (npaBoII If JIeBoH) C pOJIIIKO:\o1 23. JI3nKH
3aKpen.leHbI Ha pbIqaraX 21 H 24, PbI'IarH Ha OCHX U1apHIIpHo 3aKpeiI-
JIeHbI B cToi-i,Kax 22. CTOHKII, B CBOIO Oqepe,.'I.b, 3aKpenJIeHbI Ha n.laCT'I-
Hax 18. Hll)!{HHe nJIe'IH pbIqarOB 21 II 24 H:\ieIOT <j)OPMY KPlOqKOB, 'Ia
3y6bH KOTOpbIX cBepxy 3axo.n:HT HaKOHeqHHKlI 3aXBaTOK 26.
3axBaTKII BHHTaMH coe.n:HHeHbI C paMoi-i 3a>KIIMa 12. OCb pa:\lbI 3a-
}/<HMa npOXO.'1.HT qepe3 OTBepCTHH nO.'1.IllHnHlIKOB 13, nplIBepHYTbIX BHH-
TaMIl K n.'laT<j)opMe. Ha JIeBOM KOHL(e pa:\lbI 3a}/<HMa 3aKpenJIeHa CTOII-
Ka 10. BHH3Y )TOII CTOi-iKH Ha OCH 7 noca}/(eH yrJIoBoII pbIqar 8 BKJIK1'-
'-IeHH5I 3a}/<H¥a.
Ha JIeBOll cTOpoHe nJIaT<j)opMbI Ha OCH 11 nOCa}/(eHa PYKoHTKa 17
12
353
570

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H n ClJO P "KOHTI{I! OCblO 9 wapHllpHo eoe)J.I1HCHO C ro-
3a>K11I\1a. 1!>KlIec ." J
JlOBKOii yrJl0I30ro pbllJara B.
C .'ICBolr CTOpOHbl MaWlIHbI WapHl1pHbIM BI1HTOM 1 3aKpenJleH pbl'Iar
3, Ha oell KOToporo lIMeeTCH POJl,I1K 4. CHI13Y K pbIqary 3 npl1KpenJleH
HaKOHelJHI1K 5. IlpY>KI1Ha 2 nO)J.}KI1MaeT pOJlI1K pbI'Iara 3 K HJ1}KHeMY
TOprW paenpe.n:eJlI1TeJlbHOrO .n:I1CKa 6
MaTepl1aJl MO}KeT 6bITb 3a}/(aT BpyqHYIO HJlI1 aBTOMaTH'IeCKI1 ca-
MI1M l\IeXaHIf3MOM.
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PHC. 228. MexaHH3M 3a>KHMa TKaHH
':"
,Z:{JlH 3a}KHMa MaTepHaJIa BpyqHYIO He06xo.n:HMO nOBepHYTb PYKOHT-
KY 17 Ha ce6H (no qaCOBOH CTpeJlKe) npH 3TOM PYKOHTKa 17 nepexo-
.n:HT 113 nOJlO}/(eHHH, nOKa3aHHoro Ha pHC. 228, 6 YCJlOBHbIMH JIHHHHMH,
B nOJlO}/(eHl1e, YKa3aHHoe CnJlOWHbI:\1H JlHHHHMH. OCb 7 yr JlOBOrO pbIqaI'a
8 H3 nOJIO}KeHHH A onYCKael'CH B nOJlO}KeHHe B. BMecTe .C OCbIO ony-c-
KaeTCH cTollKa 10 H nOBOpaqHBaeT paMKY 3a}/<HMa 12 npoTHB '-IaCOBOH
CTpeJiKH OTHOCHTeJlbHO OCH 13.
3aXBaTKJI 26, nepeMellI.aHCb BHH3, nOBOpaqHBaIOT B Kopnyce 22 PbI-
qarl1 21 II 24 no qaCOBOH CTpeJlKe, H JlanKH, onycKaHCb, npl1}/(J1:\1aIOT
H3.n:eJlJIe K nJla'CTHHaM.
JIanKII MeXaHIIqeCKH nepeMellI.aIOTcH CJTe.n:YIollI.HM 06pa30:\1. Bo Bpe-
MH XOJIOCTorO xOJJ.a MaWI1HbI KYJla'IOK 14 pacnpe.n:eJlHTeJlbHOrO .n:HCKa 6
'Iepe3 pO.1HK 4, OT}KI1MaH pbI'Iar 3, nOBOpa'II1BaeT ero OTHOCI1TeJlbHO
mapHHpa 1 no qacoBoi-i CTpeJiKe. HaKOHeqmIK, onYCKaHCb, nepeMellI.aeT
BbIcTyn 15 yrJlOBOrO pbIqara H 3aCTaBJTHeT ero nOBepHYTbcH H3 nOJlo-
)KeHHH, YKa3aHHoro Ha pl1c. 228, 6 YCJlOBHbI'\111 JlIIHHHMJI, B nOJlO}Ke-
HHe, YKa3aHHoe CnJlOWHblMH JTI1HHHMH. OCb 7 BMeCTe co CTOi-iKoi-i 10
nepeMellI.aeTCH BHJI3, H JIanKH onycKaIOTcH TaK }Ke, KaK npn pyqHOM
3a}KI1:\le TKaHH.
ABTOMaTl1qeCKHi-i no.n:'beM JlanOK nOCJIe BbInOJlHeHHH neTJlIf npoHc-
XO.n:HT c.le..1.YIOlIUIM 06pa30M. Il.'IaTcpopMa nepe.n: BbIKJIIOqeHl1eM MalllJi-
Hbl nepeMellI.aeTcH OT pa60TaIOllI.ero (B;JJeBo) BMecTe C nJi aTcpop MOll
nepeMellI.aIoTCH H pblqaru 3a}/{HMa .'lanOK. BbIcTyn pbIqara 8 ynHpaeT-
354
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II
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f
CH B Topeu: HaKOHe'lHlIKa 5, II oeb 9 nepeMCWaeTeJl ImpaBO. PbI'-Iarl1 8
II 17 BbIXO)J.HT 1I3 MepTBoro nOJlO}KeHIIH, 11 no)J. .n:eikTBI1CM np}}KUHbl 27
KpoHwTeiiH 10 H JlanKI1 no.n:HlIMaJOTeH B l1eXO)J.Hoe nOJlO}KeHl1e.
B Tex CJI}"IaHx, KOr..'l.a npoH30ii.n:eT 06pbIB HI1TKIf (HJlH .n:pyrHe He-
nOJTa.n:KH MaWHHbl B npou:ecee pa60TbI), HO Kor.n:a He06xo.n:u:\o1O .'lanKH
ocTaBIITb npH}KaTbl:\1H K nJiaCTHHaM, .n:OCTaTOqHO Ha}KaTb Ha KHonKY 25
II onycTHTb HaKOHeqHHK 5 HH}/(e BbIcTyna yr JlOBOrO pbI'wra 8, H :\oleXa-
HH3M no.n:'beMa JlanOK He cpa60TaeT IlpY}/(J1Ha 16 C6J1H}/(aeT n.laCTHHbl
18 nocJle H3rOTOBJIemUl neTJlH H no.n:'beMa JlanOK.
PHC. 229. MexaHH3M HO)f{a
MexaHH3M HO}/{a, Ho}/{ npH npopy6aHHH TKaHH C YCHJlHeM npH}/{H-
MaeTCH K KOJIo.n:o'IKe. Ha KOJToJJ.o'IKe pacnOJIaraeTCH TO MeCTO TKaHH,
Ha KOTOpOM .n:OJI}/{Ha 6bITb BbIMeTaHa neTJlH.
MexaHH3M HMeeT CJle.n:YIOllI.ee YCTpoi-iCTBO (pHC. 229).
Pe3I.(oBaH KOJIo.n:OqKa 4 XBOCTOBHKOM 20 BXOJJ.HT B oTBepCTHe H Kpe-
m-fTCH Ha Heno.n:BI1}/{Hoi-i 6a6Ke 3, YCTaHOBJleHHoi-i Ha Kopnyce MaWH-
HbJ 1
Ho}/( 5 nocpe.n:cTBo:\1 3a}/{HMHoi-i nJTaCTHHbI 7 C OCbIO 21 H BHHTa 8
3aKpenJleH C3a.n:11 Ha nepe)J.HeM KOHl.e pblqara 9. Pblqar YCTaHOBJleH Ha
u:eHTpOBbIX BHHTax 12 B PYKaBe MaWHHbI. B BepTI1KaJlbHo:\o1 HanpaBJlH-
10llI.eM na3Y JleBOrO nJleqa pbIqara 9 YCTaHOB.'IeH naJleI.( 16, KOTOpbIll
cBoei-i BepxHei-i TOPU:OBOi-i HaKJlOHHoi-i n.OCKOCTbIO ymlpaeTcH B HaK.1JOH-
HYIO n.1JOCKOCTb KJIHHa 15 Ha nOBepXHOCTlI pacnpe.'1.eJlllTe.'IbHoro .n:HC-
Ka 18 3aKpenJleH Ha}/<HMaTeJlb 17 C KYJTaqKOM 19 IlpY}/(J1Ha 11 CTpe-
:\oIIlTCH nOBepHYTb pbIqar 9 HO}/(a npoTHB qaCOBOll CTpeJiKH II OTBeCTH
HO}/{ OT pe3I.(OBoi-i KOJlO.'1.0qKI1.
1\!lexaHH3:\1 HO}/{a cpa6aTbIBaeT nocJle Toro, KaK .'lanKH onycTHTcH If
npIl}/(MYT H3;J.eJlHe K nJiaCTHHaM. Tor.n:a KYJlaqOK 19 no.n:HHlaeT naJleIL
16 H nOBOpaqHBaeT pbI'-Iar 9 OTHOCIITeJlbHO OCH 12 no qaCOBoll CTpeJTKe.
355
12*

4 ]I np"p} 6aCT T1{8I1b. no-
I-Io ' J { 5 on"CIGIC rcS] 11:1 pl'3HOn) '0 }{<:jIO:l IK "Y 19 n ! JYJKlIJI3 11 nDBepHeT
F1. J /6" .nCT C h.YJHl .
CJlC Toro 1<:1 K ''''J1CIl } <::011 CHIIC II liD)\{ nO.n:HfIMeTCH B BepXHee nOJIO-
1'1..ar 9 D nc'XolUIOC 1I0.710)i{ , 6
KIIIIC. BlJlpC3allHbIii I-!3 TKaHfI rJIa30K neTJIH y.n:aJIHeTCH qepe3 TPY _
KY 14.
YCHJIHe .n:aBJIeHHH HO}/(a Ha KOJIO.n:OlIKY perYJIUpyeTcH nepeMeIl.leHH-
eM KJIHHa 15 C nOMOIl.lblO raHKfI 10. ,Z:{JISI YBeJIHqeHHSI .n:aBJIeHl-IH HmKa
Ha KO,7JO;I.O'-lKY KJIHH 15 nepeMeIl.laIOT Ha pa60TalOIl.lerO (BnpaBo), nOBO-
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PHC. 230. MexaHH3M pacwllpeHHH npope3H neT.1H
, I
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I
paqHBaH npH 3TOM rarlKY 10 no qaCOBOH CTpeJIKe, OrpaHUqHTeJIbHaH
nJIaCTHHa 6 CJIY}/{HT JJ:JISI YCTaHoBKH HO}/{a no )I.JIHHe. Ha CTep}/{eHb
KJIHHa YCTaHOBJIeHa npY}/{HHa 13. B na3y 6a6KH 3 nOl\tell.leH nOJI3yH
2 KOTOphIH CJIY}/(J1T .n:JIH paclliupeHHSI npope3H neTJIH.
, MexaHH3M paClliHpeHHSI npope3H neTJIH (pHC. 230). OocJIe npoPY-
6aHlIH neTJIH nJIanpOpMa nOJIY'-IaeT 6hIcTpoe nepeMeIl.leHHe Ha pa60Ta-
lOll.lero (XOJIOCTOH XO..'l.) POJIIIKH 1 H 3 HrOJIbHbIX nJIaCTIIH Haxo.n:SIT Ha
HaKJIOHHhIe nJIOCKOCTH nOJI3YHa 2 (CM. pHC. 229), Haxo.n:SIll.lerOCH Ha He-
no.n:BH}/<HOH 6a6Ke, H OTBO.n:SITCH 3THMH nJIOCKOCTHMH B CTOpOHhI (pHC.
230). LLJIH o.n:HoBpeMeHHoro paClliHpeHHH nepe.n:HHx H 3a.n:HHX KOHUOB
HrOJIbHhIX nJIaCTHH HMeeTCSI CHCTeMa JJ:BYX pbIqarOB 5 H 8 (CM. pHC.
228), KOTOpbIe Ha OCSIX 7 H 6 (CM. pHC. 230) 3aKpenJIeHhI Ha nJIaT<tJop-
Me MallillHhI. 3a.n:HHH KOHeu nJIaCTliHhI lliapHHpoM 4 coe.n:rIHeH C phIIIa-
rOM 5, a nepe.n:HHH KOHeu nJIaCTHHbI lliapHHpoM 9 coe.n:HHeH C pbIqarOM
8. LLo paclliHpeHHH npope3H neTJIH CHCTeMa phIqarOB 5 H 8 3aHHMaeT
nOJIO}/{eHHe, YKa3aHHoe Ha pHC. 230, a. npH nepeMell.leHHH 3a)I.Hero
356
l
KOHI.(a npaBoH nJIaCTlfHbI Bnpano pbl'-lar 5 nOnUpalJHBaeTCH DTHOCI-!TeJIb-
HO DCH 6 no '-IaCOBD!"1 CTpeJlI(e I-! nOBOpa'-lfIBaeT pbIlJar 8 npOTJIB '-Iaco-
Boii CTpeJIKH OTHOCHTeJIbHO DCH 7. lllapHIIp 9 npI-! 3TOM OTXO.n:IIT Bnpa-
BO II paclliHpHeT nepe..'l.HHlul KOBel.( nJIaCTIIHbI (pnc. 230, 6) AHaJIOrHq-
HO OTXO.n:HT BJIeBO H JIeBaH nJIaCTfIHa. OpY)I(HHa 10 cTpeMHTcH B03Bpa-
'fHTb nJIaCTHHhI B I-!Cxo.n:Hoe no.'lO}/(eHHe. Ko r.n: a JIanKH onYll.leBbI H
TKaHb 3a}/{aTa, TO Me)/{.n:y nJIa-CTHHaMu H illJIaT<tJOpMOH C03)I.aeTCSI 60JIb-
1I10e TpeHIIe, KOTopoe npY}/(J1Ha 10 npeO..'l.OJIeTb He CMO}/(eT OOCJIe Toro
KaK UHKJI H3rOTOB.'1eHlIH neTJIH 6y.n:eT 3aKOHIIeH, n.J1aCTfIHbI nepeMec-
'fHTCH B HCXO.'1.Hoe nOJIO}/(eHHe (pOJIHKH 1 H 3 nepeMecTHTcSI 3a BbICTY-
nhI no.'13YHa 2), JIanKH no.n:HHMYTCH BBepx, H Tor.n:a npY}/{HHa 10 C6.'1H-
3HT nJIaCTHHbI.
BeJIHqllHa paClllHpeHHH npope3H neT JIH perYJIHpyeTcH nepe:\!ell.leHH-
eM ynopoB, 3aKpenJIeHHbIX Ha nJIaT<tJopMe MaIllHHbI.
MexaHH3M pa60'leH nO,lJ,a'lH (pI-Ic. 231). B MOMeHT pa601Iero xo.n:a
MaIllI-IHbI nJIaT<tJopMa cOBeplliaeT .n:BI-ILKeHI-Ie C BblCToeM nOCJIe Ka}/{.n:bIX
..'!.ByX YKOJIOB I-Ir JIb!.
H a r JIaBHO:\! BaJIY 1 3aKpenJIeH K} .'la'lOK 2, KOTOphIii OXBaTbIBaeTCSI
3eBOM BHJIKH 3; ee HH}/{HHH rOJIOBKa Ha.a.eTa Ha OCb 22. 3BeHo 5 coe.n:H-
HHeT BIl.J1I{Y C roplI30HTaJIbHbI:\1 pbIqarOM 4, KOTOpblH IllapHHpO:\! 21
coe.n:HHeH C BepTllKaJIbHbIM pbIqarOM 6.
HH}/<Hee nJIe'lO pbIIIara 6 3BeHOM 13 coe.n:HHeHO C 060HMOii 06roH-
HOll pOJIIIKOBOH My<tJTbI 14. Kopnyc 06roHHoH My<tJTbl 3aKpenJIeH Ha
qepBH'IH0:\1 BaJIY 12. B cepe.n:HHe pblqara 6 Ha lliapHHpe nOCa}/(eH KY-
JUlCHhIl1 KaMeHb 20, KOTOpbIH BXO.n:HT B na3 KYJIHCbI 7. KYJIHCa SIBJIHeT-
CH pery.1HTopOM rYCTOThI 06MeTKI-I KpOMOK neTJIH. OChlO 23 KYJII-ICa
BCTaBJIeHa B oTBepcTHe Kopnyca Ma'lliHHh!. B HaKJIOHHOM OKHe 19 KY-
JIHCbI 3aKpenJIeH raHKoH 9 naJIel.( C pOJIHKOM 16. Ha pHcYHKe cnpaBa
nOKa3aH BH)I. KYJIHCbI C HapY}/<HOH CTOpOHh!. 0pY}/{IIHa 15 npH}/{HMaeT
naJIeu 16 K Kopnycy MallilHib!. K nJIaT<tJopMe Ma'lliHHbI .n:BYMH BI-IHTaMI-I
3aKpenJIeHa nJIaCTlIHa 8 C KpIO'lKOM 17.
OpII Bpall.leHI-IH rJIaBHOro BaJIa 1 KYJIaqOK 2 nepe.a.aeT BI-IKe 3 Ka-
'laTeJIbHOe )I.BH}/{eHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH 22. PbIIIar 6 BMeCTe C KaMHeM
20 nepeMell.lalOTCSI BBepx H BHII3 I-I, KpoMe Toro, O..'l.HOBpeMeHHo nOBO-
paqHBaIOTCH OTHOCHTe.l1hHO OCH KaMHH. 3BeHo 13 nepeMell.laeTcH B ro-
pU30HTa.lbHoH nJIOCKOCTH H nepe.riaeT KOJIe6aTeJIhHbIe .n:BI-I}/(eHlIH 060H-
Me 06rOHHOIf My<tJThI 14. KorJJ:a 060HMa nOBOpaqHBaeTcH npOTHB qaco-
BOH CTpe.'lKII, pOJIIIKI-I My<tJTbI 38KJlIIHI-IBalOTCH, H BaJI 12 'lepe3 qepBHK
11 nepe;I,aeT .BpaIl.leHI-Ie KonHpy 10, a CJIe.a.oBaTeJIbHO, H nJIaT<tJopMe Ma-
II1HHb!. rOpH30HTaJIbHOe nepeMell.leHHe 3BeHa 13, a CJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, H
mar 06:\IeTKH neTJIH 3aBHCIfT OT yrJIa a HaKJIOHa na3a KYJIHCbI 7 K Bep-
THKa.1H. EC.'lH yroJI HaKJIOHa a YBeJlIi'lHTb, TO rOpI-I30HTaJIbHOe nepeMe-
ll.leHHe 3BeHa 13 H lliar 06MeTKH neTJIH 6Y.'1.YT 60JIbllie. YroJI HaKJIOHa
na3a KYJIHChI 3aBI-ICHT 01' Toro, B KaKOM MeCTe OKHa 19 3aKpenJIeH na-
JIeu 16. ECJIH naJIeu 16 3aKpenHTb BHH3Y OKHa 19, TO KYJIHCa 7 nOBep-
HeTCSI Ha OCH H yroJI a YBeJIH'IHTCH, eCJIH naJIel.( 16 3aKpenHTh BBepxy
OKHa 19, TO yrOJI a y:\!eHhlliHTCH.
Opu 06MeTbIBaHHH rJIa3Ka neTJIH KplO'IOK 17 nJIaCTI-IHbI 8 .n:aBHT Ha
nJIe'-lO 18 KYJIHChl H nOBOpaqHBaeT ee no 'IaCOBOH CTpeJIKe OTHOCHTeJIb-
357

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110 OCIi 2;1. n l 111 3TOM yroJi II a I{JlOII 3 U<'. : ) CTC :;I{I{OD n p lI 06:\leTbIBa-
I{OJ) IPIl"L': I BO
'IIInal'TCJI. a CJll'JlOnaTl'JlI>U,?':. I ECJlII IJ.TIClCnm)' 8 (OTKpenliB BHHTbl)
]lUll r.J1cl3Ka JlCT.JlJ1 } :\-1C']lLW clC "1 c)- .
C"ICCTJ-ITL DnpaBo, TO KpIO'IOK 17 paHbllle Ha4HeT nOBopa'IHBaTb KYJIH-
cy, H '1HCJIO CTe>KKOB Ha fJIa3Ke neTJIH YMeHblllHTCH. ECJIM n.1aCTHHY 8
CMeCTHTb BJIeBO, TO '-IHCJIO CTe}!{KOB YBeJI1I4J1TCH.
BC.LJ:Y1HHM 3Bel-IOM MCXaHH3Ma flBJlfleTOI 60Jlblllafl lllCCTCpHH 4, 3a-
KpenJleHHafl na fJIaBHOM BaJlY 1 MalllHHbl ynopHblMH BHHTaMH 2 H 3 H
cyxapflMH 5, 6 (KOTopble cTflfHBa10TCH BHHTOM 7) C llleCTcpHeii B 3a-
uenJIeHlIlI HaXO.LJ:HTCH MaJIafl llleCTepHfI 8 C '-IHCJIOM 3y6beB, B 2 pa3a
MeHblllHM, '1eM 'Ha 60JIblllOH llleCTepHe. 3a O.LJ:HH 060POT r JIaBHOrO Ba-
JIa MaJIaH llleCTepHH .n:eJIaeT ,lI,Ba 060pOTa. C llleCTepHeH }!{eCTKO coe-
.n:IIHeH 3KCUeHTpHK 9, H OHH cBo6o.n:HO nOCa}/(eHbl Ha 3KcueHTpwIHblH
wapHlIpHbli'i BHHT 10, KOTOphIH 3aKpenJIHe'J1CH Ha Kopnyce Ma'llllIHbl
raiJKoiL 3KcUeHTpHK OXBaTbIBaeTCH Hll}/<Heil rOJIOBKOH .n:bllllJIa 11, a
BepxHHH rO.1JOBKa .n:bIlllJIa coe.n:llHeHa C KOpOMblCJIOM 12, Ka'JaIOIl.lHM'CH
Ha lllapHJlpe 13. B HanpaBJIHIOw,ee oTBepcTlle nepe.n:Hero nJIe'Ja KOpO-
MblCJIa BXO.n:HT XBOCTOBllK BHJIKll 14, KOTopaH CBOllMll npoYlllllHaMll ox-
BaThIBaeT uancpbl BTYJIKH 17, cBo60.n:HO nOCa}!{eHHOH Ha 'CTep}!{eHb
HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH 18. Ha HrJIOBo.n:llTeJIe CBepxy II CH1l3Y BTYJIKH 17 3aKpen-
.'leHbI XOMYTHKH 16. BepxH5ISl 'I3'CTb llrJIOBo.n:HTemr 3anpeccoBaHa B no.'1.-
WHnHHK Ka4eHHH 15, a BH1l3Y 'CTep}/(eHb HrJIOBo.n:llTeJIH BXO.'1.HT B Han-
paBJIHIOIl.l1O BTYJIKY 23.
)1JIH npe.n:oTBpaIl.leHllSl nOBopoTa HrJIOBo.n:HTeJIH BHYTPH Hanpa-BJIH-
lOIl.leH BTy.1JKH 23 BHH3Y BJIO}!{eHbl C npoTllBOnOJIO}!{HhIX CTOpOH cyxa-
pHKH 24, a Ha CTep}!{He llrJIOBo.n:llTeJIH CHHTbI HanpaBJIHlOIl.lHe nJIOCKO-
CTH 25 (pHC. 232, B) CyxapHKll no.n:}/(lfMaIOTCH nJI3'CTHHaMH. Ha Hll}/(-
HeM KOHue CTep}!{HH llr JIOBo.n:HTeJIH 3aKpenJIeHa llr JIa 26 (.n:JIHHHbIM
}!{eJI06KO:\1 K pa60TalOIl.leMY)
Dpll BpameHllH rJIaBHOrO BaJIa ,60JIbWaH weCTepHSl 4 -nepe,lI,aeT Bpa-
Il.leHJle MaJIOH weCTepHe C 3KCUeHTplIKOM 9, 01' KOToporo KOpOMbl'CJIO
12 no.1JY'IaeT Ka'laTeJIbHOe .n:BII}!{eHlle 4epe3 .n:bIWJIO 11 3TO .n:Bll}/(eHlle
npeo6pa3yel'CH C nOMoIl.lblO BllJIKll 14, BryJIKll 17 C XOMYTHKaMH 16 B
B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTeJIbHOe .n:Bli}!{eHHe lir JIOBo.n:HTeJISl, a CJIe.'1.0BaTeJIb-
HO, H Hr.1bI 26.
Do.'lo}!{eHHe Hr JIbI no BbICOTe OTHOCHTeJIhHO HOCliKOB .neT JIllTeJIeH pe
rYJIHpyeTcH nepeMeIl.leHlieM Hr JIOBo.n:HTeJIH no BepTJIKaJIll nOCJIe OCBO-
60}/(,!J,eHJl5I XOMYTJIKOB 16 npll nO,!J,'heMe Jlr JIbI H3 HH}!{HerO nOJIo}/(eHIiH
Ha 2,7-3,5 MM HOCHK neTJIHTeJIH ,lI,OJI}/(eH Haxo.n:HTbCH BhIwe YWKa Hr-
.'IbI Ha 2,5 MM. CBoeBpeMeHHOCTb ,lI,BH}!{eHH5I Hr JIbI pery.'IHpyel'CH COOT-
BeTCTBYIOw,eH YCTaHOBKOH 60JIblllOH wecTepHH 4 Ha rJIa'BHOM BaJIY
3330p :\fe}!{.n:y 3y6bHMJI 60JIbWoil H MaJIoil wecTepeH prYJIHpyeTcH
nOBOpOTOl\! 3KcueHTpwIHoro wapHllpHoro BHHTa 10 YBeJIH4eHHbIII 3a-
30p Bbl3bIBaeT oceBoil JIlOcpT HrJIOBo.n:JlTeJIH.
MexaHH3M nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMemeHHSl HfJIbI JlMeeT CJIe.n:YIOIl.lee yc-
TpOHCTBO (C:\L pHC. 232) Ha r.'IaBHO:\1 BaJIY 9a wnOHKe 37 3aKpenJIeH
TpexueHTpOBhlH Ky.'Ia'IOK 36, KOTOpblil OXBaTbIBaeTCH BJIJIKOil lllaTYHa
35 K waTyHY WapHJIpHO npliKpenJIeH KYJIJICHhIH KaMeHb 34, KOTOpbIH
BXO.n:llT B HanpaBJIHlOIl.lHii na3 perYJIHTOpa 33 lllJlpHHbI KpOMKJI neTJIJI.
PerYJIHTOp cpJIICHpyeTcH B pYKaBe Mall JIHbl BJlHTOBOH WnHJIbKOiL
Depe.n:HHH rOJIOBKa waTVHa 35 Ha.n:eTa Ha 3KCUeHTPH4HYlO BTYJIKY
31, KOTopaH 3aKpenJIeHa wapHIipHhlM BJlHTO:\1 B oTBepcTIiH KOpOMbIC-
JIa 32. KOpO:\fbICJIO 3aKpenJIeHO Ha 6ypTJfKe 6apa6aHa 29, KOTOphIfI
Y.'1. e p}!{IIBaeTCH B OTBepCTlIHX rOJIOBKH MaWIiHbI. B cepe.n:HHe UHJIHH-
.n:pH4ecKoil 4aCTH 6apa-6aHa HMeeTCH HanpaBJIHlow,ee OTBepCTHe, B KO-
359
PHC. 231. MexaHH3M pa60'le:i n011.J";',:l
Y3eJI Hf JIbI, VIr JIa B npouecce BbIMeTbIBaHH5I neTJIII Hi\leeT TPH BU-
.n.a .n:BII}!{eHHH: B03BpaTHo-nO'CTynaTe,,1bHoe (BBepx JI BHH3), nonepe'I-
Hoe nepe:vreIl.leHlle (3llr3ar) H Bpaw,emlC Ha 180 0 npli 06:\leTbIBaHlIlI
r JIa3Ka neT JIll. Ka}!{.'1.hIH H3 nepe4llCJIeHHbIX Bli.'1.0B !lBli}!{eHIIH npOH3BO-
.n:liTCH COOTBeTCTBYlOlUli:\1 MeXaHH3MOM.
MexaHli3M B03BpaTHo-noCTynaTe.1bHoro ;:J:BII}!{eHli51 lir.lhl li:\leeT CJIe-
.n:YlOIl.lee YCTPOHCTBO (pliC. 232)
353

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TOpOC BXOJl.HT XBOCTODHK IBIJIKH :10. IlpoYUIHflhl DIIJIKJI OBaTbIBaIOT
/la'''I'LI My'I'TL' 20, ,.o"0l'a>l Ct.H>()oJlJl" Jla.ll.CTa lIa ncpXlIlI1I U Il JIIIH.1p
HaflpaDJIHIoLl..lCli IHYJIKH 23_ ClI1I3Y M)'qna ynlfpaeTC5I B Ko.lbl..{eBYlO
nJloLLla.ru{y BTYJlIUI, a cBepxy - B YCTaHOBO'-lHOe KOJIbl..{O 19 TaKoe
KpenJIeHHe n03BOJIHeT HanpaBJIHlOLLleH BTYJIKe 23 CTep)KHH urJlOBO.'l.H-
TeJIH nOBOpa'-lHBaTb-CH Ha 180 0 npH 06MeTbIBaHJIH r JIa3Ka neT.1U, He Ha-
P} IllaH CBH3H C MexaHH3MOM nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMeLLleHHH ur.'IbI.
BTYJIKa 23 npoxo.n:I1T C 3a30poM B oTBepcTHe IlleCTepHII 22 CTyn;I-
I..{bl 21, KOTopaH y.n:ep)KIIBaeTCH B oTBep-cnIlI rOJIOBKH MaIllIlHbI. CHII3Y
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BTYJma 23 IIMeeT KBa,'l.paTHYIO rOJIOBKY. B .lI.BYX nJIOCKOCTHX 3TOH ro-
JIOI3KII, KaK 6bIJIO YKa3aHO panee, nOMeLLlaIOTC5I cyxapHKH 24 (puc.
232, 6), npenHTCTB)'IOLLlHe nO-BopOTY CTep)KHH Hr JIOBO.ll.I1TeJIH npH ero
B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJIbHOM .n:BH)KeHHH. .LI.pyrHMH .n:BYMH nJIOCKOCTHMH
rO.'lOBKa BT)'J1KII 23 BXO.n:I1T B na3 Me)K.'I.Y oCTOIIKaMH 75 npHJIHBOB Illec-
TepHII 22 (pIlC. 232, e). B oTBepcTHHx npHJIHBOB BCTaBJIeHbI .'I.Ba I..{H-
JIHH..1.pH'leCKUX 'cyxapH 76 C HaTlpaBJIHIOLLlHMH BblCTynaMH 77. CyxapH
npmKH:\laIOTC5I npY)KUHaMH 80, ynHpalOLLlHMH'CH B n.laCTHHbI 79. Han-
paBJIHlOIl.lHe BbICTynbI 77 BXO.n:HT B HaK.'lOHHble na3bI 78 Ha nJIOCKOCTHX
rOJIOBKH BTYJIKH 23 II npH nepeMeIl.leHHH BTYJIKI1 BHH3 CMeLLlalOT ee
B.leBO, KaK YKa3aHO Ha pHC. 232, a YCJIOBHbIMH JIHHH5IMH, a npH nepe-
MeLLleHJIU BT)'JIKH 23 BBepx CMeLLlalOT ee BTlpaBo.
MexaHH3M nOnepe'lHOrO nepeMeIl.leHHH Hr JIbI pa60TaeT CJIe.n:YlOIl.lIl\1
06pa30M. Dpii BpaLLleHliH r.laBHoro Ba.'la MaIllHHbI 01' 3KcI..{eHTpHKa 36
BU.'lKa Illan Ha 35 nOJIV'-IaeT KOJIe6aTe.'IbHble .n:BH}[{eHHH, a 6JIaro.n:apH
nepe:\lemeHlllO K)'JIIICHrO KaMHH 34 B na3Y perYJI5ITopa 33 IllaTYti 35
nepe:\leIl.laeTcH eIl.le B roplf30HTaJIbHOli nJIOCKOCTH BnpaBo H BJIeBO, a
6apa6aH 29 H BH,lKa 30 nOJI)''lalOT B03BpaTHO-Ka'laTeJIbHOe JJ.BH)KeHHe.
Ka'-laTe.lbHoe ;I.BH)KeHlfe BHJIKH 30 npe06pa3yel'CH B B03BpaTHo-noCTY-
naTe.lbHoe .'I.BU)KeHlfe HH)KHeii BTYJIKH 23. DpIl nepeMeLLleHHH BTYJIKIf
23 BHII3, KaK YKa3aHo BbI'llle, cyxaplf 76 CMeIl.lalOT ee BJIeBO, a npH ne-
peMeLLleHJm BBepx-BnpaBo. BleCTe C HH)KHeH BTYJIKOH 23 nOJIY'laeT
TaKoe CMeIl.leHHe If CTep}[{eHb HrJIOBo.n:UTeJIH ,C HrJIOH. TpeXl..{eHTpOBbIII
KYJIa'lOK 36 co06LLlaeT IllaTYHY 35 npepblBucToe nepeMeIl.leHlfe C «BbI-
CToeM». AHaJIOrH'-IHOe nepeMeIl.leHlfe «c BbICToeM» nOJIY'lalOT BTYJIKa
28 H Hr JIOBo.n:lfTeJIb.
3KCI..{eHTplfK 36 Ha r JIaBHOM BaJIY MaIllHHbI YCTaHaBJIHBae11CH TaK,
'-11'0 I1r.'Ia nOJIY'laeT nOnepe'lHOe nepeMeLLleHlfe B TOT MOMeHT, Kor.n:a Bbl-
XO.n:lfT U3 TKaHH.
Be.1U'lIlHa nOnepe'lHOrO ne'PeeIl.leHlf5I HH)KHell BT)'JIKIf 23 (a CJIe-
.n:OBaTe.lbHO, IfrJIbI If IllHpHHbI KpOMKH neTJIH) 3aBH'CHT OT ee BepTH-
KaJIbHOrO nepeMeIl.leHHH, H 'leM OHO 6Y..1.eT 60JIbIlle,.. TeM 60JIb'Ille 6y.n: eT
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H CMelleJlHC (3Hr3ar) lllupJllla KpOIl-lKJI nCTJ1J1 perYJIJlp);e
CTBYlollteii YCTaJlODKOfI per)-"J1flTOpa 3:J. 4cII-I 6oJIt.wc 6YJl.CT H8KJJOH ero
na3a K DCpTHKaJ1H, TCII-I UOJ1bWC UYJJ:CT WJlpl1Ha KpOMKH nCTJ1I1.
CMelltCIIHC HrJ1bl K u.eHTpy neTJJH HJJH 01' u.eH1'pa perYJlHpyeTcH no-
BOpOTOM BTYJJI{J1 31 nOCJJe oCJla'6J1eHHfI raHKH.
MexaHH3M nOBopoTa HrJlOBo)J.HTeJlSl H neTJlHTeJleH YCTpoeH c.'1e.n:ylO-
IllHM 06pa30M (CM. pHC. 232) Bo BTOpOH KonHpHbIH .na3, KOTOpb!H Ha-
XO.n:HTCH Ha HH:iKHeH TOpI.{OBOH nOBepxHocTH pa-c-npe.n:eJlHTeJlbHOrO JI.HC-
Ka 67, BXO.n:HT pOJlHK 66, OCb KOToporo 3aKpenJleHa B OKHe pbl'lara 65.
3TOT pbl'lar lllapHHpHbIM BHHTOM 68 npHKpenJleH K Kopnycy MalllHHhl
H 'lepe3 lllaTYH 64 lllapHHpHo CBH3aH 'C KOpOMbICJlOM 63, 3aKpen.1JeH-
HbIM .n:B)"MH CTH:iKHbIMH BHHTaMH Ha BepTHKaJlbHOM BaJlY 28. Ha Bepx-
HeM KOHI.{e ::noro BaJla 3aKpenJleH 3y6'laTbIH ceKTop 27, Haxo.n:HIllHHCf!
B 3aI.{en.'leHHH C lllecTepHeH 22 KapeTKH Hr JlOBo.n:HTe.'lH, a Ha HIDKHe:\1
KOHI.{e BepTHKaJlbHDrO BaJla CTHrHBalOIllHM BIIHTOM 3aKpenJleH 3,'6'-1-
TbIH ceKTop 62, Haxo.n:HIllHiicH B 3au.enJleHHH C llleCTepHeH 55 KapeTim
neT.1HTeJleH.
DpIf BpaIlleHIUl pa'cnpe.n:eJlIlTeJlbHOrO .n:HCKa 67 '-Iepe3 pO.lIlK 66 PbI-
'lar 65 nOJlY'laeT Ka'laHHe OTHOCHTeJlbHO lllapHHpa 68. 31'0 ..'I.BH:iKeHlle
'-Iepe3 lllaTYH 64 H KOpOMbICJlO 63 nepe.n:aeTcH BepTHKaJlbH0:\1)" Ba.l)
28. Ka'-laTeJlbHOe .n:BH:iKeHHe BepTHKaJlbHOrO BaJla 3y6'laTbIMH ceKTopa-
i\-IH H llleCTepHHMH npe06pa30BbIBaeTcH BO BpaIllaTeJlbHOe .n:BH:iKeHHe
lllenepHH 22 (a C.1e.n:OBaTeJlbHO, H KapeTKH HrJlOBo..'I.HTeJlH) H wecTep-
HH 55 KapeTKH neTJlHTeJleH.
Ha'la.'lo nOBopoTa Hr JlbI H neT JlHTe.1Jei'I perYJlHpyeTcH nepeMeIlleHH-
e:\1 OCH 69 B OKHe pbI'lara 65 DOCKO.'IbKY pacnpe.n:eJlHTeJlbHbIi'I ..'I.HCI{
BpaIllaeTcH no '-IaCOBOH C"f1peJlKe, npH nepeMeIlleHHH OCH 69 B OKHe PbI-
'-lara BJleBO pbI'lar 65 paHbllle Ha'-lHeT .nepeMeIllaTb'CH, 'CJle.n:OBaTe.J1bHO,
H aHbllle Ha'-lHYT nOBOpa'-lHBaTbcH' KapeTKa Hr JIb! n KapeTKa neT.1HTe-
Jlell.
Be.1JII'-IUHa yr Jla nOBopoTa KapeToK perYJlupyeTcH CMelll.eHHeM lllap-
HHpa 70 B na3Y KOpOMblCJla 63. DpH 3aKpenJleHHH wapHHpa 70 B na3Y
6J1IDKe KOCH BepTHKaJlbHOrO BaJla yroJl nOBopOTa KapeTOK YBe.'m'lHT-
CH; npH 3aKpenJleHHII lllapHHpa .n:aJlbllle 01' OCH BepTHKaJlbHOrO Ba.'Ia
YMeHbwHTCH.
MexaHH3M neTJlHTeJleH (pHC. 233) Ha MalllHHe HMelOTCH .n:Ba neT-
JlIITeJlH - JleBbIi'I 3 H npaBbll! 7 OHII CBOHMH XBOCTOBIIKaMH YCTaHaB-
JlHBalOTCH B OTBep'CTJm (rHe3..'I.a) KapeTKH 13 (n03HI.{HH 58 Ha pHC.
23) U 3aKpenJlHlOTCH cTonopHbIMH BHHTaMH 1 KapeTKa 13 neTJlHTe-
JleH B npoI.{ecce pa60Tbl nOJlY'laeT Ka'laTeJlbHOe .n:BIDKeHHe OTHOCHTeJlb-
HO lllapHHa 14, KOTOpbIM OHa npHKpenJleHa K Kopnycy MexaHu3:\ta
neT JlHTeJleH.
MexaHH3M neTJlHTeJleH HMeeT cJle,rrYIOIllee Y CT P DHCTBO ( P H
232) J CM. C.
Be.n:YIllII..M 3BeHOM. MexaHH3Ma neTJlHTeJleH HBJlHeTCH KonHp 46, 3a-
KpenJleHHblH lllnOHKOH Ha HIDKHeM BaJlY 45 H nOJlY'laIOIllHI! BpaIlleHHe
OT r JlaBOrO BaJla '-Iepe3 KOHH'-IeCKHe lllecTepHH 38, 39, 43, 44. BepTH-
KaJlbHblH Ba.1J COCTOHT H3 .n:BYx 'laCTeH 40 H 42 KOTopbIe coe.n:IIHeHbI
MyqJTOII 41 '
362
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B npoqJIIJlbHbll1 na3 KonHpHoro JI.lICK8 46 BXOJI.HT pOJlHK 47 yrJIOBO-
ro pbl'-lara 48, wapHupHO 3aKpenJleHllOrO Ha OCH 49 B Kopnyce Ma-
WHHbI.
fOplI30HTaJlbHOe nJle'-lo pbl'-lara 48 lIMceT BlIJlKY, npoYW!-IHbl KOTO-
POH OXBaTblBalOT naJlbLlbl My£PTbl 53, CB060JI.HO nOCa:iKeHHOH Ha HH:iK
HeM KDHI.{e nYCTOTeJlOrO CTep:iKHH 54 CBepxy My£PTa ymlpaeTcH B £p Jla
HeI.{ CTep:iKHH 54, a CHH3Y - B
KOJlbI.{O 73, 3aKpenJleHHOe Ha
KOHI.{e CTep:iKHH 54. TaKoe coe.n:n- B
HeHHe :\1)"£PTbI Ha CTep:iKHe .n:aeT
BD3MO:iKHOCTb nOBOpa'lHBaTbCH 4
CTep:iKHIO Ha 180 0 npu 06MeTbl- 5
BamIll r.la3Ka neTJlH, He Hapy-
lllaH CBH3H C yr JlOBbIM pbI'larOM
48 :\lexaHH3Ma neTJlHTeJleH.
CTep:iKeHb 54 BXO..'I.HT B HanpaB-
.1JHlOIllHe oTBepcTHH Kopnyca 56
MexaHII3:\1a neT JlHTeJlel1.
BHYTpn Kopnyca Ha CTep:iKile
54 3aKpen.leH nOBO..'I.OK 74, KOTO-
pbIH CBOH:\I HanpaBJlHlOIllIl;\1 na-
30;\1 OXBaTbIBaeT n.'laCTHHY, npn-
Kpen.leHHYIO BHHTaMH K Kopnyy
56. HH:iKHHH rOJlOBKa lllaTy.Ha
57 COeJI.HHeHa C nOBo.n:KOM, a
BepxHHH C KapeTKoH 58 neTJlil-
TeJlelL
DpH BpaIlleHIIH r.laBHoro Ba-
Jla MalllHHbI nDJlY'laeT BpaIlle-
Hue KonUDHblH JI.HCK 46. OT npo-
£pHJJbHOrO na3a 'lepe3 pOJlHK 47
yrJlOBOH pbl'lar 48 nOJlY'laeT K8-
qaTe.lbHoe .n:BH:iKeHHe OTHOCII-
TeJlbHO OcIf 49.
.LI.BH:iKeHlIe pbI'lara 48 'lepe3
BHJlKY H :\lyqJTY 53 npe06pa3Y- PHC, 233. nernHrenbHaSl ronOBKa MalllHHbI
eTCH B B03BpaTHo-nocTynaTeJlb-
Hoe ..'I.BII:iKeHHe CTep:iKHH 54. B ,..
CBOID o'lepe.n:b, .n:BHllieHHe CTep:iKHH 54 '-Iepe3 nOBo.n:OK 74, waTY!' ;)7
npe06pa3yeTcH B Ka'laTeJlbHOe .n:BH:iKeHHe KapeTKH 58. neTJlHTeJleH 01'-
HOCHTe.lbHO lllapHHpHoro BHHTa 59. BMecTe C KapeTKoH nOJlY'laIOT JI.BIf-
}KeHHe II neTJlHTe.'leH B nOnepe'lHo:\1 HanpaBJleHHH K KpoMKaM neT.lIl.
DD.l0:iKeHHe neT.1JHTe.leH OTHOCHTeJlbHO Hr Jlbl pery.1JnpyeTcH nepe-
:\lelll.eHIIeM XOM)"THKa 74 Ha CTep:iKHe 54. ,. ..
MexaHH3M llIHpHTeJleH (CM. pHC. 233). JleBblll 2 I-! npaBbIll
6 lllHpHTe.1H YCTaHaBJlIIBalOTCH Ha.n: neTJlHTeJlMH CBOHMH XBOcToBHa-
!\IJI B oTBepcTHH (rHe3JI.a) KapeTKH neT.1JHTeJlell. C?HH .n:DJI:iKHbl. 6blTb  c-
TaHOB.'leHbI C He60JlbWH;\-1 3a30pOM 01' nJlOCKOCTell .neTJlHTeJleI-! H JlerKO
nOBOpa'lIlBaTbCH B me3..'I.ax. CBepxy H C nepe.n:Heli 60KDBOH CTOpOHbl
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llillHIMH 1'aIOI{C llCT<lUJIHIOrCH D rHC3a KapCTKH nC1'JlIITCJI I
JlHIOTCH B HHX C1'OnOpHLIMH BHIITaMH 4. 5
Ha 3a,!l.HCC nJlC40 JlCBOrO IllHpU1'eJIH ,!I.aBUT I{OHCll npY}KHHbI . OPY-
}KUHa npH}KIIMaCT npaBoe nJle40 IllllplITeJlH K npaBoMY OppaHl-I'-IIITeJlIO
8. OrpaHH4IITeJlb YCTaHaBJlHBaeTCH TaKHM 06pa30f, 'lT06bI BH.'lO'lKa
JleBOrO IlllIpHTeJlH COBua.n:aJla C HOCHKO:vJ neT"'IHTe.'lH. AHaJIOrH'-IHbI\1 06-
pa30M YCTpoeHbI npaBblI'J IImpIITeJlb Hero OrpaHH'lHTe.lb 9. 0pY}KHHa
10 TaK}Ke npH./KH:vJaeT npaBblH IImpHTeJIb K ero OrpaHH'-IIITe.'IlO, KOTO-
pbIH YCTaHaBJlHBaeTCH TaK, '-IT06bI HOCHK npaBoro IllHpHTeJIH .COBnan aJi
C HOCHKOM neTJlHTeJlH.
KaK 6bIJIO BH..'I.HO H3 cxe:vJbI npol..{ecca 06pa30BaHHH CTe}KKOB, JUli-
pHTeJm KpoMe KOJle6aTeJlbHbIX .n:BH>KeHHH nonepeK CTpO'-lKJI 13Mene C
neTJlHTeJIHMH cOBepIllaIOT eU{e H KOJle6aTeJIbHble ..'I.BH>KeHHH B1l0JIb
CTpO'lKH OTHOCHTeJlbHO 'CBOHX XBOCTOBIIKOB.
MexaHH3M IllHpHTe.lIell c006maeT 3TH ..'I.ono.'IHIITeJIbHbIe .n:BII>KeHHH
B.n:OJIb CTpO'lKH H HMeeT CJIe.n:YIOmee Y'CTpollcTBO (c:vJ. pHC. 232).
POJIIIK 71 pbl'lara 50 06KaTbIBaeTcH no KYJIa'lKY 72 KonIIpHoro ..'I.HC-
Ka 46. PbI'lar 50 IllapHHpHbl:vJ BHHTOI 51 3aKpenJIeH B Kopnyce \1a-
III HH bI.
BHJlKa pbl'lara OXBaTbIBaeT rOJIOBKy nYCTOTeJlOrO IllTOKa 52 (HH>K-
HHH HHTKa npOXO!IJlT BHYTPH 3Toro IllToKa), KOTOpbIH npOXO!I.UT BHYT-
pH CTep>KHH 54.
Ha BepxHeM KOHl.{e IllTOKa 52 3aKpenJIeH XOMYTIIK 61. OH IllapHHp-
HbIM BHHTO:vJ coe.n:HHeH C HH>KHeH rOJIOBKOIl IllaTYHa 60 BepxHHH ro-
nOBKa IllaTyHa IllapHHpHblM BHHTOM coe.n:HHeHa C pbl'-larOM 11 IllupHTe-
JleH ('CM. pHC. 233). PbI'-Iar 11 HMeeT Ha JleBOM H npaBo:vJ KOHl..{aX
HaKJIOHHble ,nJIOCKOCTH H nOJ'IY'laeT KOJle6aTeJlbHble .n:BH>KeHHH OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO OCH 14 OT r JIaBHOrO BaJla Ma'IllHHbI CJIe.n:YIOll{H:vJ 06pa30M.
BpameHHe OT r JIaBHOrO BaJIa MaIllHHbI 'lCpe3 .n:Be napbI KOHII'leCKHX
IllecTepeH (CM. pH-c. 232), BepTHKaJlbHbIlt H ropH30HTaJlbHbIH BaJIbI ne-
pe!I.ael'C5I KYJla'lKY 72 KonHpHoro ..'I.HCKa. DpH nepeMemeHlIH pOJIUKa 71
BHH3 BHJlKa pbl'lara 50 nepeMemaeT IllTOK 52 BHH3. BfeCTe C Hln.1 xo-
MYTHK 61 H IllaTYH 60 31'0 nepeMemeHHe npe06pa3YIOT BO BpameHHe
pbI'lara 11 (CM. pHC. 233) IllUpUTeJIeH OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH 14 npOTlIB 'la-
COBOH CTpeJIKH. HaKJIOHHa5I nJlOCKOCTb 15 npH 3TOM npH6JIH>KaeTCH K
nJIe'lY JIeBOrO IllHpHTeJl5I 2 H nOBOpa'lHBaeT IllHpHTeJIb OTHOCHTeJIbHO
ero XBOCTOBHKa npoTHB 'l3'COBOIl CTpe,'IKH (CM. pIfC. 233, 6). HOCHK
IllHpHTeJIH npH 3TOM OTXO.n:HT OT HOCHKa JIeBOrO neTJlHTeJlH H cBoell -
BHJIO'lKOII p3'CIllHp5IeT neT JIIO HH>KHell HHTKH.
OepeMell!eHHe XOMYTIIKa H IllTOKa BBepx, a TaKme nOBopOT KapeT-
KH IllI-IpHTeJIeH no '-IacoBolt CTpeJIKe npOH3BO!I.HTC5I no!I. .n:eH'cTBHeM
npY>KHHbI 12, YCTaHOBJleHHOH no!I. XOMYTHKOM B Kopnyce MexaHH3Ma
neTJlHTeJIeH. 3TO npOH3BO!I.HTCH B TOT MOMeHT, Kor.n:a pOJlHK pbI'lara
50 (pHC. 232) 6y.n:eT nepeMemaTbCH OT nOBepxHocTH 60JlblllOrO pa..'l.II-
yca KYJla'lKa 72 Ha nOBepxHocTb MaJIOrO pa.n:Hyca.
npH BpameHHH KapeTKH 13 (CM. pac. 233) no '-IaCOBOH cTpe.'lKe ee-
HaKJlOHHa5I nJIOCKOCTb 16 npH6JIH>KaeTC5I K nJIe'lY npaBoro IllHpHTeJlH
6 H nOBOpa'lHBaeT ero OTHOCHTeJlbHO XBOCTOBHKa no '-IaCOBOH CTpeJlKe.
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J1HTeJlH u pacllmpHeT neTJlIO . T UTeJleH H WlIpHTeJleii K IIr,le pery-
CBoeBpeMeHHocTb no.n:x0 4 .n: 2 a ne JI oCJla6J1eHlIH BIIHTOB MY<P TbI (CM.
JlHpyeTcH nOBopoTOM BaJIa nocJle
pHC. 232). I
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COTe Ha ypoBHe nJiaCTHH BHraTeJlH MaTepHaJl-
npHMeqaHHe, B 3aKJlIO'-IeHlle He06xo.n:HMO 01-
MeTHTb Ba>KHOe YCJIOBHe 3Kcn.'lyaTaI..{HII MaIllH-
HbI, a HMeHHO, B MaIllHHe .n:OJI>KHO 6blTb CTporo
BbInOJIHeHa COOCHOCTb OCII BpameHHH IllecTepHH
21 (KapeTKH HrJlbI) H OCH BpameHHH Kopnyca
neTJIIITeJleit 56 (CM. pHC. 232).
Ha pHC. 234 npHBe.n:eH npHMep, Kor.n:a 3TH
OCH CMemeHbI (HanpIlMep, npll 3aMeHe neTJlJI-
TeJlbHOI'J rOJIOBKIf) na BeJlIf'-lIfHY b..
B 3TOM CJIY'l8e YCT8HoBJleHHbIH 3830p Me>K..'I.Y
HrJlOH H neTJlIITeJleM (0.1 M:vJ) npIf 06:vJcTKe, H8-
npIfMep, npaBolI KpOl\lKII neTJlH, 6y.n:eT nocJle no-
BOpOT8 rOJIOBKIf 'H8 180 0 H3MeHeH H8 y.n:BoBHHoe
CMeIll.eHIfe oceH, T. e. Ha 2b.
o pJI CMeIll.eHIIIf ocell H8 0,5 MJ\I 3830p Memny
neTJIIfTeJI5IMIf If IIrJlOH nocJle nOBopoT8 rOJlOBKII
H8 180 0 6Y!I.eT YBeJIIf'leH H8 1 MM, 'lTO npIfBe.n: eT
K nponycK8M CTe>KKOB. u
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KOCTIf TO If3MeHlITCH 3830p Me>K.n:y Ifr JIOH If ne f-
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lllBa H.1If 06MeTbIBaIOT KpaeBoii CTpO'-lKOIf, IfJIH OKaHTOBbIBaIOT P a3JIH'l,-
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c06JIeHHii BbInOJIH5IIOTCH 3a HeCKOJ,bKO 'npHeMOB, a C npHMeHeHlIe'M npH-
cnoc06.'leHlIii - 'lame Bcero 3a O.n:HH npl-leM. .LJ:.'lH YMeHbllleHHH noca.n:-
KH H CTHrHBaHlI5I MaTepIla"la B npol.{eoce lllHTb5l, .n:JI5I 06pe3KH HlITOK,
.n:JIH 06pa60TKH .n:eTaJIeil, c06paHHbIX B na'lKH II .n:p., I1CnOJIb3YIOT pa3-
JIH'lHble nplIcnoc06JIeHHH.
nplI:\IeHeHHC npncnoc06JIemIii K lllBeii'HblM M3'lllHHaM n03BOJI5IeT
nOBbICIITb npOH3Bo.n:IITeJIbHOCTb Tpy.n:a, YJIY'llllIlTb Ka'-leCTBO H3.n:eJIHH.
3aTpaTbI Ha H3rOTOBJIeHHe npHcnoc06JIeHHH HeBeJIHKH, H OHH 6bICTpO
oKynaIOTCH. nplIcnoc06JIeHII5I npIlMeH5IIOT K 6bITOBbIM H npOMbIllIJIeH-
HblM -lllBellHbIM Mallll-lHaM.
Ha pIlC. 235-241 nOKa3aHbI npIfcnoc06JIeHHH, npHMeH5IeMbIe K
npHMOCTpO'l'HbIM 6bITOBblM lllBeHHbIM MalllHHaM. HH}!(e onHcaHbI npHe-
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P a60Ta npoIl3BO.n:IITCH B CJIe.n:YIOI.l(ell nOCJIe.n:oB8TeJIbHOCTIi.
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pOHaMH o.n:HY Ha .n:pyrYIO TaK, 'lT06bl Kpail HH}!(Hell TKaHII BbIXO.n:HJI 38
Kpaii BepXHeii npUMcpHO ,Ha 3-6 MM.
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23 6 6 ) MeeT B npope3e TOHK) IO n.laCTHH-
JIanKa-py6uJIbHHK (pHC. , H. 51 no.n:rll6KH Kpa51 TKaHlI.
'laTYIO cnIlpaJIb H H 6 e60JIblll Y ,? :b:rnBJI5IIOT B CnHpaJIb J H npo-
TIepe.n: Ha'laJIOM pa OTbI KpaH 367

,
.[I.BuralOT na.l.l nr.'1Y BII.l.I raTonoro lllBa C .l.IBoiillOfi .no.l.lrll6KOIl naKa33l{
Ha pllC. 236, B.
p} 611.1LIIIIKIl 113rOTOH.'1J1IOT lllHpOK11C 11 Y31{IIC lIa pa3uYla lllHPHHY
nO.l.lpy6.II. Opll nOMOll.l1I Toit )l{C u.anKH-py6HJJbHUKa Ma>KHO nOJIY'lHT
npacTall lllaB C aTKpLITbIM cpc3aM (pHC. 236, z). TaKoH 1lI0B n p H b
laT .[I.JJH HeaCbmalall.lIlJ\.-c51 TKaHeiL MeHH-
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PHC. 238. CYTawep
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H P o.n:HHauKOBbIX paCcToHHHHX oJ1.Ha OT .n:pyroll (pHC. 237)
anpB.1HI0lU.aH JIHHeUKa u'lanKH .n:OJI>KHa TO'lHO CKOJIb3HTb no n e bl
.n:YUj;1I CTpO'-lKe, 'lT06bl 06eCne'lHTb HY>KHYIO napaJIJIeJIbHOCTb p..'l.
anKa-cYTaUJep (pile. 238) 'laCTO npI1MeHHeTcH .n:JIH oT.n:eKH .n:eT
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241. J1anKa
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PHC. 239. JlanKa AJiH
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lJ,nH
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( J1a2n3a ) ]I.JISI npOKJla]I.blBaHHSI TeCbMbI napaJlJleJlbHO KpOMKe TKaHH
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Ha KOHl.{e KpyrJIOH mmIJIbKOU. TeCbMa npOBo.n:HTCH nOBepx lllnHJIb-
368
KH 11 38TeM npanycKaeTcH na.n: JJanKY ,il.JJH uanpaBJJClIIlH KpaH TKaHII
JIanKY KO:\16HHlIpYlaT C aTKII.n:Hai't JIlIuci'tKaii.
J1anKa AJISI 3aCTpO'lKH ulHypa (pHC. 240). TaK KaK npH .n:aHHaii
onepauHH lllHYP He ..'I.OJI>KeH npnlllHBaTb'CH K MaTepH8JJY, TO. .n:JIH Tora,
[IT06bl Hr.la He nona.n:aJla B lllHYP, >KeJI060K ..lI:JIH HanpaBJICHHH llluypa
c.n:eJIaH B npaBOM YKopO'leHHOM pO>KKe JIanKII, Ha He06xo.n:HMOM pac-
CTOHHlUI OT Hr JIbI. Pa60TaIOlU.HH PYKOH no.n:rH6aeT TKaHH, HaTIpaBJIHH
llIHYP B 06pa3YI0lU. Hll 'CH CrH6.
JlanKa .n:JISI OKaHTOBKH (pnc. 241) npHMCHHeTcH .n:JIH .n:BYCTopoHHeH
06111HBKU KpOMKH TKaHH TecbMoll HJIH JIeHToH. Oc06eHHOCTbIO JIanKH
HBJIHeTCH Ha.'lH'-IHe KOHYCHOll C'llHpaJIH, KOTopaH 3arH6aeT JIeHTY. 06-
lllHBae:\1bill MaTepHaJi 3aBO,!I.HTCH KpOMKOH B npo.lI.OJIbHYIO lU.eJlb, CTeH-
KH KOTOpOl1 CJIY>KaT HanpaBJIHIOlU. eH .
npHcnoco6J1eHHSI K npoMblUJJleHHblM MaWHHaM
B HailleH CTpaHe npoH3Bo.n:CTBO pa3JIH'lHbIX npHcnoco6JIeHH H K npo-
MbIlllJIeHHbI:\1 lllBeHHblM MalllHHaM nOKa elU.e He ueHTpaJIH30BaHO. npH-
cnoc06.JIeHHH B 60JIblllHHCTBe CJIY'lae-B H3rOTOBJIHIOT B MeXaHH'lCCKUX
MaCTepCKHX lllBelIHblX 4>a6pHK. HeKOTopble npHcnoco6JIeHHH BbmYCKa-
eT ::mcnepIlleHTaJIbHbIH 3aBO.n: UHI1I1WTIa, 'l3'CTb npHcnoc06JIemIi1
pa3pa60TaHa Ha nO..'l.OJIbCKOM MeXaHH'-IeCKOM 3aBo.n:e H)1. KaJIHHI-IHa
(Ta6JI. 19).
npHBe.1eHHblii nepe'-leHb He OXBaTbIBaeT Bcex npHcnoc06JIeRIllI,
npHMeHHeMbIX B lllBefIHOH H ;r.PyrHx OTpaCJIHX npOMbIlllJIeHHOCTH, Ko-
JIH'leCTBo. IIX C Ka>K.n:bIM ro.n:OM YBeJIH'lHBaeTCH.
2. HenOJIa]I.KH B pa60Te lllBeHHblX MaWHH
B pa60Te lllBellHblx MalllHH MoryT 6bITb pa3JIH'lHble HenOJIa.n:KH (BbI-
3bIBaeMble caMbIMH pa3Ho06pa3HbIMH npH'-IHHaMH. 4eM CJIO>KHee pa60-
'fUll npoll.eCC MalllHHbI, '-IeM 60JIbllle B Hell MexaHH3MoB, Te'M 60JIb'lllaH
BepoHTHoCTb nOHBJIeHHH pa3JIH'-IHbIX HenOJIaJ1.0K. MalllHHa HHKor.n:a He
6y.n: eT npaBHJIbHO pa60TaTb, eCJIH no TOH HJIH HHOll npH'-IHIIe HapYllleHa
He06xO..'l.H:\1aH corJIaCOBaHHOCTb .n:BH>KCHHll ee pa60'-lHX opraHOB, eCJlH
3TH pa60'-lHe opraHw HenpaBHJIbHO YCTaHOBJIeHbI HJIH B npoll.eoce pa-
OOTbI i\lalllIlHbI HacTo.JlbKO H3HOCHJIHCb, lITO Tpe6YIOT 3aMeHbI.
MHorHe IIenOJIa.lI.KH JICrKO YCTpaHHIOTcH COOTBeTCTBYIOlU. eH pery.JIH-
pOBKOii H HaJIa.n:KoH MalllHHbl H HcnpaBJIeHHeM, Ka3au'IOcb 6bI, cOB'Ce:\1
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M 3'IllHH bI.
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nponYCKH CTe>KKOB, 06PblB HHTOK, HenpaBHJIbHaH CTpO'lKa, nJIOXoe npo-
.n:BH>KeHHe TKaHeH, nOJIO:\1Ka IIrJIbI.
nponYCKH CTe*KOB, OCHOBHaSi npH'lHHa nponYCKOB CTe}KKOB-
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269

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J(eJ10QllbIX CTpOqeK, lIaCTpOQ-
IIblX lllBOB. lllBOB CT31111B3HJUI
II J(p.; K MalliliHaM 22-A, 97-ro
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2 1-1
5 1-2
I
1'1
I
,
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6e3 npeJ(oapIlTeJ1bHOrO ero lIa-
CTpaqlloallllll. 1lI11plllla oblOlI-
qllKa 5-10 MM. 1lI11ptlHa llIoa
BT31111B3HHfI BblOHIIIIK3 pery-
J1l1pyeTcH (K MallltlHe 22-A
KJ1aCca)
nplicnoc06J1eHHe J(J111 npll- 1-20
lllHB3HIIH JIIICTOIlKIf K3pM3n3
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nplicnoc06J1eHIIH J(J1H 06pa- 2-4
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Kap"allOO, BelllaJ1KII MY)I{CKO-
ro KOCTIOMa II J(Pyrnx 113J(e-
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J(Pyrnx KJ1aCcoB)
nplicnoc06J1eHlle J(J1H nOJ(-
ru6a IIIIH H 33CTP311UB3HUH 1111-
3a XaJ1aTOo II J(pyrnx 113J(e-
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10
20
nplicnOC06J1elllle J(J111 n01\-
rll6aHlIH 111I3a MY)l{CKOA COPOQ-
KII (K MallllfliaM 22-A, 97-ro
KJ1aCCOo) nptl IlIl1pllHe IlIBa,
MM:
10
15
20
25
370
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np1iCIIOC06J1ellllll
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916701
916712
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H-1O MI
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5
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:\I3WHHe 22-A II llPyrnx KJl3C-
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nplicnoc06J1eHlle 1\JlII 3a- 2-9
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CKJ1aJ(OK 6e3 npeJ(oapIlTeJlb-
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(<»opMooallllll) J(OJ1eBbIX nOJlo-
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HaHMeHOB3Hlle II H33H3qeHHe
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CTa'lIlOallll". 1lI11pIIHa nOJJ.rIl6-
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r.pllcnoc06nCIIIIC ,[I.n.. HaCT- 3-5
pa'lIlOallll" 06Ta'leK K 111I3Y
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CTpOqKaMII 25 MM. 1lI11plllla '/ /
npOKna,[l.oqlloR nonOCKII TKaHII
B Kpoe 41 MM, B roTOBO1 BII-
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916704 -
JIanKa cnenllanbHall ,[I.nll lIa- QJ
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373

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4
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pa60TKII pa3pe3a PYKaoa MY>K-
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,'OC"" B Kllce 25-29 MM (\la-
WIIHa 22-.11., 97-ro K.,accoo)
npllcnoc06neHlle .nn.. npll- 5-1
WIIDKII nyroBuU K nOnOqKe
COPOqKII 6e3 npe;lBaplITenbHoil
pa3MeTKII. PaccTo..lllle Me>K.ny
nyroBlIuaMII perynllpyeTc" OT
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HaH\leHOBaHIIC H H33H3l1eHHe
npllcnoc06neHIIH
npllcnoc06neHlle .nn.. pa1-
MCTKII MeCT pacnOJlO>KeHIUJ
nyroBllU Ha nOJlOIlKe H MaH-
>Ke rdX (K MaWlllle 27-ro Knac-
cafo )l{e K MaWIIHe 95-ro
KJ1aCCa
Ylllloepcanblla.. .nep)l{aBKa
.nn.. 3aKpenneHII" .noYX na-
nOK, HanpllMep, 06hl'lHOIl nan-
KII II nanKII C 60PTHKOM (K
MaWIIHaM 22-A, 97-ro Knac-
coo)
npllcnoc06neHlle .n.'" CTa'lll-
BaHUSI 11 OJI.HOBpCMeHHoro Bhl-
BepThlBallHH MflrKoro nOSlca K
>KCHCKOMY II JleTCKOMY nanb-
TO. napaMeTpbl Uloa, MM:
WHpHHa IIQHCa
111 HpHHa B rOTOBUM
KpaH uOflca BHJ{e
65 25
75 30
85 35
(K MaWIIHe 22-.11. II .npyrnx
Knaccon)
npllcnoc06neHlle .nn.. 113ro- 6-11
TooneHII" PynllKa K >KeIlCKO-
MY II JleTCKOMY nnaThlO 113
TOHKUX H CpeJI.IIIIX lllCJlKOBhIX.
TOHKIIX wepcTHHhlX II XJlonlla-
T06YMa)l{IIhlX TKaHe;'" 1lI11PII-
Ha nOnOCKII TKaHII: npll pa-
uOTe 6e3 OKna.nhlwa 26, 28,
30 MM; npll pa60Te C oK.,a-
JlhlWeM 20. 22. 24 MM (K
MaWIIHe 22-.11. Knacca)
npllcnoc06nelllle .nn.. 113ro-
OBJ1CIIIIH >KeCTKOro KpyrJloro
lIoSlca-wHypa K >KeHCKoMY II
.neTcKoMY nerKOMY n.'aTblO
(K MaWlllle 22-.11. Knacca)
npllcnoc06neHlle .nn.. npo-
611BKII Ha.nce'lCK lIa neKanax
KpO". Pa3Mepbl lIa.nce'leK, "I:
Jlnlllla 8
wllpllHa 2
pyqHOn npecc .nn.. np06110-
L'II OTBCpcTlli1 B JleKaJlax
npllcnoc06netme .nn.. nOJ(-
BeWUBaHIiH KOMnJ1eKTOB Kap-
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npHcllocotineHHH
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KO Hr.1bI He 3aHHMaeT HY)J{Horo .n:JI5I 3aXBaTa neTJIH nOJIO)J{eHH5I (HJIH
elll.e He .'I.OXO;J,HT, HJIH Y)J{e nepeXO.!1.HT). 3aXBaTa TIeTJIH He 6y.n:eT H B
TOI c.1Y'la.e, eCJIII HOCI1K 'leJIHOKa IIJIH neTJII1TeJI5I .n:aJIeKO OTCTOHT 01'
Hr.J1bI, npOXO.!1.51 OKOJIO Hee C 60JIblilI1:\1 3a30pOM. B lilBeHHblX MalilHHax
C BpalualOllI.IfMC5I 'leJIHOKOM 3TO .'lerKO YCTpaH5IeTC5I He60JIblilI1M CMC-
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nponYCKn CTe)J{KOB HeH36e)J{HLI, com B npouecce 3KCnJIyaTaunH
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pHa.'I, oTrH6aeTC5I B CTOPOHY, OTX0.n:51 BMeCTe C neTJIel1 OT HOCHKa 'leJI-
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pbIBaTbC5I.
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PblljD! BbI3bIBalOT B'C5IKOrO po.n:a HepoBHocTH, lilepoxoBaTocTH, OC"f1pble
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)J{eJI06KaX I1r.TJbI, B oTBepcTHH HrOJIbHOH nJIaCTHHKH, B YlilKe HHTenpHTfr
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na'lOK II 'leJIHOK BO B,cex MecTax conpuKocHOBCHU5I C HUTKOii.
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rnepOXOBaTOCTell, n.TJOXoro nOJInpOBaHH5I nOBepXHOCTeH, COnpHK8'CaI O -
llI.HX'C5I C HHTKOH.
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B 3TOM CJIY'-lae CJIe.n:yeT YMeHblilHTb HaT5I)J{CHIfe H BepXHeu, H HU)J{HeH
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no-npe)J{HeMY B cepe.n:HHe ClilHBaeMblX MaTepHaJIOB.
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HeH TKaHU H Bbl3bIBaTb noca.n:KY HH)J{Hefi.
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JOllI.HM .n:aBJIeHUeM Ha)J{HMaTeJIbHOH JIanKU Ha MaTepUaJI. npJI C.lIIlil-
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ce pa60TbI OHa npoxo.n:HT. I1rJIa MO)J{e! y.n:ap5lTbC5I B KpaH urO.'IbHOH
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Y'laCTBYIOT B npO,!I,BH)J{eHHH MaTepHaJIa.
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pbal npHcBoeHbI HOMepa COTeH: 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 H 600. aT-
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THn 102 npe.n:cTaBJISleT 60JIee 'CJIO}KHYIO uenHYIO CTpO'-lKY, KOTopaH
06pa3yeTcSI .l(BYXHrOJIbHbIMH -llIBeIIHbIMH MallIHHaMli. nepen.'leTeHHe HH-
TOK npOHCXO!I.HT C HH}KHeH CTOpOHLI MaTepIlaJIa.
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.
Tun Cmef/(K{J 303 'IemblpeXHUmO'lHbfU
Tun cmeN<'f(U J04 iJ8yxHumO'/ffDIU (3JZ3[1Z)
. Tun CmeH<ffa JOIiA iJlJyxHumoHblii.
-G
Tun CmeH<f({J 305 mpeXHUmO'lllblU
lJD tF=

_ 1...__
-:;.
.
Tun cmelKffa 401 BOyxflllmO'lHWl.
KJIacc 400 06'be!I.HHHeT Bce H3BeCTHbIe .l(BYXHHTO'lHbIe, TpeXHIITO'l-
HbIe H '-IeTbIpeXHHTO'-lHbIe 'lHCTO uenHble CTpO'lKH .l(JISI CTa'lHBaHliH :\Ia-
TepHaJIO'B, 06pa3yeMbIe O..'I.HOHrOJIbHbIMH, .l(B)'XHrOJIbHbIMH H TpexurO.llb-
HbI:\1I1 MallIliHaMH, a TaK}Ke 3Hr3aro06pa3HbIe CTpO'lKII C uenHbL\1 ne-
penJIeTeHHe:\f aHaJIOrH'lHOH Cl'pYKTypbl.
B KJIaCC 500 BXO.l(SlT Bce Kpae06:\feTO'-lHbIe CTpO'lKH (H3BecTHbIe
TaK}Ke no.l( cTapbIM Ha3BaHHeM «aBepJIOK»), llIHpOKO npIl:\1eHSle:\ILIe
.l(,IJH UlHTbH TpHKOTa}KHbIX H3.l(eJIHH.
379
\

\\
",.

Tun Cmeti<KO 402 mpeXHUmOl/lfblu.

Tun cmeHo<a 403 'Iemb/pexIfUmOl/lfbli1
Tun cmeti</(a *0* dUYXHUmOl/Hb/U
Tpn cmeJf(/([[ It-05 mpeXh'UmO'llfbli1
1U,7 cmeli</fO 4fJ6 moexHumoclflbliJ.
\
\\
\ \ r--
\ \1
1--
\1
'----
Tun Cmeti<Kd 501oiJHoHumol/Hblll
\
\\
\' \
\' I
\\i---
\J.___
Tun Cmeli</(d 502 iJOyxHUmO'lHbIU
\
, \
\ \
\ )--
\ \1
\ 'j....-
.\1
'L.._ __
Tun cme/,/(/w 503 dOyxHUmOl/HblU
\
\\
\\
, r--
\'\.-
\1
"-----
Tun cmeli<Kd 504 mpexHumo"'''blu
Tun CmeN<K.] 505 mpeXIfUmO'lHbI/J
C.'Ien.yeT OTMeTllTb, '-ITO nBpHaHT Kpaeo6MeTo'-lHoII MB'llIHlibl q.JHp-
Mbl «3HHrep» (OBepJ10K), onHcBHHblH B 3TOII KHIIre, BblnYI1.LeHHblll no,J,
MBpKOII 246-20, oCYI1.LeCTBJ1HeT YCHJ1eImYlo '-IeTblpeXHHTO'-lIIYIO CTpO'-lKY,
cooTBeTcTBYIOI1.LYIO MO!l.lIcpIII.lHpOBaHHoMY «cpe.n:epBJ1bHoMY» CTBH.n:apTY
506 MalllIlHa pa60TaeT .n:BYMH HrJ1aMH H B}MH neTJ1HTeJ1HMII.
J
Tun cmef/(I(Q 604 wecmulfumoclHblu
Tun CmetKKO 506 I/emlllfJexHUmO'lHbli1
,):
'l-,O:
CJ
  o.
\' o.
'C'l'l,'V.
'V. -/-
t-C}
Tun cmetKKO 60t mpeXlfumOl/HblU
Tun CmeH<KO 605 nHmUHutnOl/Hb/lJ.
Tun cmeli<KQ 602 yemblpexHumol/Hblii.
,).
s,
 <,CJo.
'l. CJ
'fJe'l,'V.
,,0; 0.'
CJ<' -/-

Tun CmelKKo 603 nRmUHUmOl/Hblll
Tun cmelKKO 606 ue{JHmUHlJmOl/Hblll
.
B KJ1acc 600 BXOJI.HT CJ10}KHble MHorOHHTO'lHble CTpO'lKH, npIlMeHH-
eMbIe npIl llIHTbe TPIIKOTB}KHbIX H3JI.eJ1Ilii. nOCJ1e.ll.HHH CTpO'lKB ,noro
K.rIBcca, Tim 606, npe.ll.cTBBJ1HeT .a.eBHTHHIITO'lHYIO «nJ10CKYIO» CTpO'lKY
lliBelIHoII MBllIHHbl «<PJ1aT J1Q-K» (cpnp'lbl BIiJ1bKOKC- .IJ.}KII66c), o6pa1Y-
eMYIO CJ10}KHbIM nepenJ1eTeHHeM 'leTbIpex HrOJ1bHbIX HHTOK, 'leTblpex
neTJ1IITe.lbHbIX HHTOK H OJI.HOJI BepxHel1 nOKpOB'HOH HHTKH.
.

VJ
00
t--:)
TEXHHlJECKHE XAPAKTEPHCTHKH OCHOBHblX KJ1ACCOB
IllBEnHblX MAIllHH, BbInYCKAEMbIX B CCCP
----
n P II JI 0 )K E H H E\
J{Jl3CC H Ha3H8lJCHHe Maw IfHh1
.
XapaKTepHCTHKa HHTKH
l '-laCTOTa BPallleHHH / .uJlHHa CTe)KKa ,
XapaKTCp c rpOllKH rJlaBHOro BaJla, MM
06/MHH
I HOlep Hr Jlhl
JO-E
.D.JlH CIlIIIBKIl IlIKypOK TOHl<orO II OAHOHlITO'lHblll 2.'500 1-3
cpe.LI:llero IIIcxa: Kpo.'1I1Ka, cypI<a, XOPb- 1lI0B 'WPC3 Kpai'l
Ka. IlIlrCllKIl II T. n.
PaCCToHlIIlC OT npOKoa !l.0 KpOJI
(BblcoTa IlIBa) 2,5 111:\\
22-A
.D..1J1 IlIIfTbH xJlOn l /aT06YMa>KHb/X II .D.B iXlllITO'lHaH 3500 1-5
IlICpCTHHLlX TKaHeli H CYKH,} '/C.1HO'/HaH
22-B
lJ,nH IlII1TbH IlICpCTJlHblX II x.'10n'laTO-
6YMC1>KHbIX IiQCTIOMHblX TKC1HClJ II CYK-
Ha C O:.IHOBpC:\lcHHbnl 06pc3aIlIICM IipOIll-
KII CIlIIIBae:\lbIX MC1TcpHanoB.
MalliliHa clla6>JicHa :\\CXaIl1l3MOM 110-
>Ka .LI:J1H 06PC3KH KpmlKlI MaTepllaJ1a
To )l{C
3000
23-A
.D.1H IlII1TLH TH>KC.10i'1 II cpc '.I HCi'1 KO-
n{II, I<IIP3bl, 6pC3ellTa, C oiiUleii TonUllI-
1I0il :10 8 111'1
»
900
25-A
.D.nH H3rOTOBneHIIH npH\bIX (6C3
rna3Ka) nCTcnb no.!.! nyroBHLlbl Ha
6enbcBblx, nnaTHHblX H KOCTlOIIIII blX
TKaHHX, C 3aKpenKalllil Ha hOHLlax II e
npopy6I<0lI TKaHeii noe.'1c OU:\!OThH
.D.mma neTc.1b no HOiKY 9-24 Mill
(co cMeHoii .LI:CTaneH .LI:O 32 II 40 MM)
lllIlpIlHa 06MCTKH (3I1r3ar) 1-2,5 111M
ILIHpllHa neT.111 .LI:O 4,5 111M (npH CMC-
HC .'1anKH .LI:O 6 111:\-')
CHaU>KCIIC1 MexaHII3MO" 06PC3KII
BCPXHCi'! H HII>KHeli HlfTI<1I
26
»
2000
.D.nH CTa ' /I1BaHIIH xJlon'laT06YMa>KHbIX
H llIepCTHHblX TI<aHci'! 3i1r3aro06pa3Hol'
CTPOl/KOi'I, .LI:nH nplllUHBallIlH KpY>KeD,
npollillDoK, TeCb"bl H T. n. WHpHHa 3Hr-
aara .LI:O 9 111:\\
»
2500
\
26-A
.D.nH IlII1TbH BeTblK 3aroToBoK 06YBH
8l1r3aro06pa3HoI' CTPO'IKOii
»
2500
26-E
.D.nH CTPO'/({I1 ACKopaTIIBHblX BbmYK-
nbIX penbc<!JoB 6e3 IUHypa II co IUHY-
pOIll Ha KO>KaHoi'1 II TCKCTlI.1bIl0i', 06YBS!
»
2500
27
.D.nH nplllUIIBaHIIH nnOCI\I1X nyroBIIl\
Ha 6c.1be, KOCTIOMax II BCjJXHeii o'J.c>K-
a,e
»
1500
VJ
00
VJ
1-5
}J.O 8
.1Q 4,5
.D.o 4.5
.D.o 4
3-E, rOCT
7322-55,
N! 75, 90,
100, I 10
( 16 X231)
3-E rOCT
7322-55,
N! 90, 100,
120 H 130
Xnon l /aT06y'\!a>KHaH
N! 40-80
Xnon'IaT06Y:\la>KHaH
N! 20-60 npaBoi'! KPYTKH
3-E, rOCT Xnonl/aT06Y:\la>KHaH
7322-55, N 30-50 B IlI-CCTb C10-
N! 100 II 110 ,KeHlIlJ npaD )i'l KPYTKII
4-D:, rOCT X.10n'laT06y\a>KHaH C
7322-55, \HfliIlM anna-paTm.! K! 0,
N! 150, 170, I, 3 II 6 B ,']CBHTb CJJO-
190, 210, 230'KeHilii II JlbHHHb/C N! 9,5
(214X2) II
2-E, N! 120
(214X2)
3-E, rOCT
7322-55.
N! 90, 100,
110 H 120
XJJon'laT06YMamHble
N 30-80 B IlICCTb C o-
iKCHIli'1
3-H, rOCT Xnonl/aT06YMa>KHble
7322-55, N 10-50 :1 IlICJJKOBbie
N! 100, IIO, Nq 75-18
120 H 130
(I35X7)
3-H, rOCT
7323-55,
N! 100,
(135X7)
XnonqaT06Yllla>KHble
N 30/6 II 40
4-6, rOCT X.10nlI/lT06YMa>KHble
7322-55, r,'1HHLleBble oc060npOIJHble
N! 75 H 90 Nq 30 H 40 B !l.CBHTb C.10-
(16X2) >KCHIIii
II-A, rOCT Xnonl/aT06YMamHblc
7322-55, Np 30-50
N! 100, IIO,
120 (68X3)

'"
00
,j:>.
f1 p0!10mI\CIIIIC
KJlacc H Ha3HalJeHHe MalllHl:lbI
XapaKTcpHCTHKa HHrKH
Pa3Mepbl npHllII-IBaCMblX nyroBlILl,
MM:
,nHaMcTp 15-35;
TOnllll-lHa .11.0 4;
paccToHHIIe MC>K,ny OTBCpCTHHMI-I
OT 3 .11.0 5
41-1cJlo YKonOB I-Ir.1bl Ha npIlllll-IBKY
nyroBIILl 21 (1-13 HIIX 3 nOC.;JCAIJIIX 3a-
KpCnOIJHblc)
27-6
.D.nH npIllllllBaHIIH <!J0pMeHHblx nyro-
BIILl C YIliKOM K BepxHei'I o,ne>K!1e
.D.HaMeTp nyroBI-ILl 22, 14, 18 M:\1.
4I1cno YKonOB Hrnbl Ha npHIUHBKY ny-
rOBIILl 21, 113 HIIX 3 3aKpenO l lHble
28
XapaKTep CTpO'lKH
'-IacToTa Bralll.CHHH \
r JlaBHOrO Dana,
06/MHH
D.JU.lHa CTe>KKa,
MM
.D.BYXHWfOIIHaH
qenllO'/flaH
.
.D.nH BbmonHCHlIH pa3.111 1 1llblX onc- O;J.HOHIITO'lHaH
paLlHi'1 npIl IlII1TbC MY>KCKIIX rOnOBHblX LlenHall
y60pOB
34-M
.D.nH IlII1TbH 3arOTOBOK Bcpxa 06YBH .D.BYXHlfTO'lHaH
'1e'lHO'lHaH
34-A
.D.nH CTPO'IKII Depxllcro KallTa OfiYDIl
C OAHOBpC:\leIIllOII 06PC31wii Kpan (Ba-
pilaHT MalllHHbl 34-ro KJlaCca)
""
38-.D.
To >Ke
1500
3000
3000
2100
.D.JlH 3alllIlBKH HanonHCHHblX TKaHblX .D.BYXHI-ITOqHaH
c:1t MCIUKOB \!3 nbHHHblX, A>KYTOBblX H xno- LlcnHaH
C3 n l l/lT06YMa>KHb1X TKaHClI
MalUI-IHa YCTaHaBnllBaCTCH B BCPTH-
KanbHOM nOnO>KeHilII Ha cneLll-lanbHOM
CTaHKe C nCHTO'lHbIM TpaHcnopTcpOM
A.1H ncpCMelllCHI-IH MCIUKOB
40
4eTblpHa.LI:LlaTHl-lrOnbHaH AnH CIlIHBKI-I 14 napaJlnCnbHblX 110
BaTHblX npOKJlaAOK C 0T.1c.'lbHbIM CTaH- OAHOHIITOqHblX Llen-
KOM AJIH pe3KI-I BaTHoro 1I0nOTHa HblX CTpOllCR
lllIlpIlHa cllIlIBaeMoH npOKJlaAKI-I
1300 MM
TOJlllll-IHa HaIl60JlblllaH 70 MM.
PaCCTOHHl-le Me>K!l.Y I1r.1aMH pcrynH-
PYCTCH B npC,!I.enax 100-50 111M
43
A>KYPHaH ,!I.JlH OT!1enK\! pa3.'1I-1IJHbIX
1-13!le.'1I1ii: >KCHCKOro 6MbH, 6nY30K, HO-
COBblX nnaTKOB, CTonOBoro 6MbH H
T. n. a>KypHoii CTpOIIKOi'!
........
lllllpliHa amypa OT 2 .11.0 3,5 MM. lllar
a>Kypa .11.0 5 MM. BC.'1I1'1I1Ha 3I1r3ara .11.0
2 MM. nO.LI:"bCM Ha>KIIMHOH nanKI-I 4 MM
47
4cnHO'lHaH 3Hr-
3aro06pa3HaH CTpO-
'1Ka, CKpOOJlHlOlllaH
nOnCpCIJHble HI-ITI-I
TKaH\! B CTOJl61-1KI-I
.D.BYXl-lronbHaH !1.1H IlII-1TbH 3aroToBoK .D.BYXHlITOIJHaH
113 cnCLlIlanbHoi'r npOpe3lIHCHHoi'r TKaHI-I 'ICnHOIJHaH
AnH pC31-1HOBblX <!J0PMOBbIX canor.
BepXHI-IH H HI-I)KHHH ABIIraTenl-l TKaHH
'"
00
CJ1
1000
1400
1500
I HOMep Hrnu I
r
CneLlIlaJlbHaH Xnon l laT06)'MC1JI<llbIe
58-1 A Nq 30-50 B IlICCTb cno.
]{q 120 II 130 CHHH
3-6, rOCT XJlon l laT06Y'llC1>KHble
7322-55, N2 30-60
N2 120 \! 130
(25XI)
;,6-1,8- 4-A, ]{q 90 II XJlon I 18T06YMa>!<llblc
2,2 111M lInH 1,2- 100 rOCT .N' 30-50 B IlICCTb cno-
1,4-1,6 MM 7322-55 eHIIi'1 npaBoi'! KPYTKII
(13lVR)
1.6--'1,8- <I-A, N2 90
2,2 M1 IIml 1,2- 11 100, rOCT
1,4-1,6 111M 7322-55
(134VR)
.D. 0 10
20-30
r
2-5
... -
3-C, ]{2 280, JIbHHHblC 14,5/3 H 14,5/4
rOCT
7322-55
(214XI)
17-A, rOCT XnOn l l/lT06YMa>KHblC,
7322-55 apTI-IKyn 12/3
(MrJ5)
]{2 400
I-r, ]{2 90 Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble
II 100 rOCT 1'-111 30/3-80/3 1-1 IUC.1KO-
7322-55 BbIC]{2 9, 12 H 18
(15X3)
4-A, rOCT XnonllaT06YMa>KHble
7322-55, N9 20-30 B lUeCTb CJlO-
]{2 110, 120 >KeHIIii MaTOBbie npaBof!
(134. VR) KPYTKII

VJ
00
0'>
n pOJ'I.OmKeHHC
KJlacc II Ha3Ha'lelllle MaWIIH
XapaKTepHC TIlKa HltTKH
XapaKTep CTpO'lKII
'{aCTOTa BPall(eIlIlR \ llJlHHa CTe>KKa,
r JlaBHOrO Bana, ... M
Oll/MIIH
I HOMep Hr JlhI
HIJ>KHHi'1 PYKaB cneLlHanbHblii n-
06pa3Hoi'r <!JOpMbL PaCCTOHHHC I\ICiKllY
Hrnal\lH 10 MM
..
48
.D.nH IlIHTbH TonCTblX TKaHeil 06ll.1eii
TOJlll.lHHOH .11.0 25 MM
4enlloK KonbLlcBoH Konc6nlOll.IHHCH
HeLleHTpanbHO-llin ynbHbll1
nOA"be:\f npH>KH:I'IHoi'1 nallKIJ 30 MI\I
51
.D..1IH nOIUHBa H 60pTOBKil TpHKOTa>K-
HblX H3AeJlHii
lllHpIIHa 06MeTKII OT 3 .11.0 6 MM.
TonlllHHa CIlIIIBaeMblX Ma repHanOB .11.0
4 MM.
ABTOMaTHQeCKOe 06pC3iHHe KpOMOK
51-A
.D.nH CIlIHBaHHH C 06MeTKoif H 06pe3-
KOH KpaH IlIBeiiHblX H3,!J.eJJHi'r
lllIlpHHa 06MCTKII OT J .11.0 6 IM.
Tonll.lHHa C1I1I1BaCMbIX MaTepHanOB .11.0
5 MM.
ABTOMaTH'IeCKOe 06pC3aHIIC KpOMOK
53
.D.nH npHlUIIBaHIIH npoBonollHblX KplO-
'IKOB II neTenb K BepxHei'1 011e>K,!J.e.
-
w
*
4HC.10 YKonoB Ilrnbl Ha npIlIllIlBKY
OAHoro KpIOlIKa I1J1I1 neTnIl 42, 113 HIIX
3 nocne,!J.HIIC 3aKpcnollHbIC
59-A
.D..'1H 06BI18KII HO>KKII nOA nyrommcil
noenc ec nplfIllIIBKII K MaTcpIlany
H:m60.1bIllUH ;I./laMeTp nyroBIILlbI
36 m.
BblcoTa HO>KKH 4-5 H 3-4 MM. 411c-
.10 YKonOB IfrnbI 42 H 21, 113 HHX 2 no-
C.1e.LI:HHe 3aKpenOqHble
63
.D.nH HaeTblBaHHH nOOqKII Bcpxa
IlIBeHHbI:\ 113Aenui'r (nH.LI:",aKOB, >KaKC-
TOB, nanbTO 11CMHce30HHbIX H 3HI\IHIIX
IlII1HCnci'r) Ha 60PTOBYlO npOKna.D.KY H3
napyclIHbI, Bonoca HnIl hanpoHa
M.alllIlHa I1:\1eeT MexaHH3M DbIKnlO-
'leHHH AnH OCTaHOBa nocJle Ka>KAOrO
YKona HrnbI
65
.D.nH oncpaLllIH pa3MeTKH npoHM npH
H3rOTOBnellIlH na.1bTO, nonynanbTo, IlIH-
I1eneH, nIl,!J.>KaKOB II >KaKCTOB
HaH60nblllaH TonlllllHa elllHBaelbIX
MaTepIlanOB: 18 MM B C>KaTOM co-
CTOHHIIIJ; 25 MM B HeC>KarOM COCTOH-
HHH. HaH60.1blUec paCCTOHHHe JlIIHlIH
CTpO'lKH OT KpaH 20 MI
66
.D.JlH CIlIIIBKII KOHUOB MOKpbIX II cy-
XliX TK3I1eH B oT6e.'1bHbIX, neqaTHbIX H
OTAenO'lHbIX Llexax TCKCTII.lbHbIX cp36-
pHK
c.\J
GI:J
---.l
.D.BYXHHTOqHaH
'1CJlHO'IHaH
Kpac06MeTO'lHaJi
TpCXHIITO'lH8H
Kpae06MCTOQHaH
AByxilHTOqHaH
.D.BYXHHTO'IHaH
qCJlH::J'IHaH
011HOHIITOqHaH
LlenHdH
.D.BYXHUTOl/llaH
'leJJHO'lHaH
To Me
O.lJ.HOi'lHTOlIHaH
LlenHaH
npIl TOJlIllIl-
He CIlIHBaeMbIX
MaTeplla.'10B 110
8 MM 500;
npI' TOnll.lIlHe
60nce 8 MM -
300
3500
3500
1500
1200
300.- II 130
300
1200
3-iO
1,5-4
1,5-4
9 II 12
2-6
15-6, N 280
II 300, rOCT
7322-55
(95 Xl)
JIbHHIIble 9, 5/6
9-A, Xnon l laT05YMa>KHble
N! 60-100, me.1KOBble Nq 33-25
rOCT
7322-55
(8IXI)
7-A, N 75
90, 100
rOCT
7322-55
(8IXl)
II
XJlon'laro6YMa>KHble
Nq 80-30
3-E, N 170 Xnon l lC1TofiYMa>KHble
H 190, rOCT l 30-40
7322-55
(16X231)
3-P, N 130, Xnon'laT06vv.aiKHbIe
150, rOCT N 30
7322-55
3-11, N 110, XnonlIaTo6Yl\laJ-KHbIc
120 H 130, N 30-40
7322-55
(I35X7)
3-T, N 170 X.0II'laT06YMa)K.HblC
190 II 210, J\"]O
rOCT
7322-55
(7XI)
3-E, N 100, XnonllaT06YMa>KHbIe
110, 120 H N 30-40
130, rOCT
7322-55
(lOX231)

'"
00
00
npOAOn>KeHIIe
KJlacc H HaSHa'leHHe MaWHHhI
XapaKTepHC I"HKa HHTKH
! XapaKTep CTpo'lKH
l '-IaCTOTa BPalIteHHR I
r .naBHOrO 8Ma,
OO/MHH
.IlJIHHa CTe:IKKa,
MM
I HOMep Hr JlhI
MalllHHa KOMnJleKTyeTcH CTOJlOM AJIH
nepe,nBH>KCHHH (C HO>KHbIM npHBO-
.11.0111)
68-1
nonyaBToMaT AJIH ne'IaT8HIIH HOMe- OAHOHHTo'IHaH
pOB Ha 6YMa>KHbIX TanOH8X H npH- LlcnHaH
UlHBKH HX K JI.eTanHM KpOH
75-A
l(nH COCAHHeHHH AeTanell Tpexyronb'
HOll 3Hr3aro06pa3HOH CTPOqKOU
76-A
.D.BYXHronbHaH TIJlOCKOIliOBHaH Ma-
UlHHa AnH nOAIlIHBKH KpaH 6CnbeBblX
TpHKOTa>KHbIX H3ACJlHH
PaCCTOHHHe IIIC>KAY HrnaMH 4 Mill
77
.D.nH CIlIHBKH BCTbIK CYXHX KOHLlOB
UlepcTHHbIX H nonYllIcpcTHHblX TKaHeH
B annpeTypHbIX H OTAeJlOqHblX Llcxax
KaMBonbHoro H CYKoHHoro npoH3BoA-
CTBa
IllHpHHa IlIBa nocne pa3BepTblBaHHH
16 MM. MalllIlHa HMCCT HO>KeBOC YCT-
pOilCTBO AnH 06pC3aHHH KOHLlOB CIUH-
BaCMblX TKaliCH
3Hf3aro06pa3HaH
ABYXHHTOqHaH '1cn-
HOqHaH CTpO'lKa
nnOCKOlllOBH3H
TPCXHHTOqHaH
OJ'l.HOIIH'TOqHaH
LlcnH3H qepe] KpaH
82
KonoHKoBaH, AnH cKpcnncHHH AC- .D.BYXHHTO'lHaH
TaJreH 06YBH (3aroToBoK) npocTpaHcT- qenHOqHaH
BeHHOH <!JOpMbI 113 XpOMOBbIX KO>K H
TCKCTH.'1H ABYMH napaJlne.'1btlbIIllH CTPOl/-
KaMH
PaCCTOHHHe MC>K,ny HrnaMH I, 2; 4
H 10 111M
83
.D.JlH IUIITbH 3arOTOBOK IO<!JTCBbIX ca-
nor H nOJlycanor B ABe naannCJlbHblC
CTPOqKH (AByxHronbHaH)
PaccToHlIHC IIIC>KAY CTpOqKaMH 3;
5 H 15 111M
TOnlllJlHa npoUlHBaeMbIx MaTCpHaJlOB
.11.0 6 Mill C MCCTHbiM YTOnll.leHHCM .11.0
8 111M
85
.D.nH nO!IIUHBOqHbIX onepaLlHH npH
H3roToBncHIIH 1I3Acnlfi'1 113 TOHKHX Jlcr-
KHX TKaHCH
87
IllBciIHaH MalUHHa 3Hr3ar TH>KenOrO
THna .lI..'1H nnOTHbIX H TO;ICTbIX MaTe-
pHanoB. Hau60.1blllaH IUHpHHa 3Hr3ara
9111f'1
93
.D.JlH CKpcnnCHHH ACTancH IO<!JTCBbIX
3aroToBoK canor II no.1ycanor C OAHO-
BpCIIICHHOH 06pC3KOli 113.1I1Il1KOB lIIa-
Tcpllana.
06ll.1aH TO,11llilHa CllIlJUaCMbIX MaTC-
plianoB !IO 6 Mill
t.IJ
00
to
To >KC
O,nHOHHTOl/HaH
«nOTai'lHaH» HeBH-
AHMaH C OAHOH
CTOpO'fbi
i400
2000
3800
1300
.D. 0 2400
1200
,
2600
3Hf3:iro06pa3HaH 600 npH Ton-
YCHneliliaH CTpOqKa IllHHC MaTepua-
nOB .11.0 8 MM;
300 npH Ton-
IllIlHe OT 8 .11.0
12 111M
.D.BYXHHTO'lHaH
'/CJlHO'lHaH
1200-1400
3
3-6, fOCT
1322-55,
N 90
X.'10n'la TOSy"! a>KHbIe
Nq 30, 40, fOCT 6309-
73
Illar nOAaqH 9-.l(, rOCT Xnon l /aT06Y\la>KHbIe
.11.0 2,5 111M. IllH- 7322-55; Nq 30-20 B IUCCTb cno-
pHlia 3Hr3ara N 120, 130 >KeHIIi'r H IlICJlKOBbIe Nq 9,
.11.0 10 111M H 150 13, 18 fOCT 1870-68
',7-3,2
1,5-3,5
1,2-3
2-6
2-7
1-5
2-6
3-Ill, N 75, Xnon l /aT06YMaiKHble no
90, rOCT STY 251-56, g 76/3 H
7322-55 Nq 60/3
19 rp. 6
N 170,
rOCT
7322-55
4-A, N 85.
90, 100,
WOCT
7322-55
X.10n l /aT06Yllla>KllbIe
«MaHK» Nq 10
Xnon'IaTofiYllla>KllbIe Ma-
TOBbIe B IlICC rb H ACBHTb
C.10>KCHUiI Nq 30 H 40,
roCT 6309-73
4-.l(, N 150, Xnon'laT05YMa>KUble
170 H 190, 0(060ii npO'IIIOCTlf, rJlJlH-
rOCT l{eBbIe, annpCTllpOBaHHbIe
7322-55 l/epHoro UBeTa, N2 I H 0,
(214X2) roCT 6309-73
t
25-B, oN!! 65 XnonqaT06YI.1a>KHbIe
H 75 rOCT !! 80 H 100, fOCT 6309-
7322-55 73, H llIenKO'3bIC Nq 75 H
(H30rHYTaH 65, fOCT 6797-70
no JI.yre
OKPY>KHOCTII)
3-T, N 190, JIbHHHbIC Nq 9,5/6,
230, 250,280, fOCT 2350-43, IlIC.11<
rOCT WbCHHbIH Nq 9 u 13, fOCT
7322-55 1870-68
4-.l(, N 170 Xnon'laT06YMa>KHbIe
II 190, rOCT oc060ii npO'lHOCTH, rnHH-
7322-55 l{eBbIe annpCTllpOBaHHblc
(214X2) N2 1-0, fOCT 6309-73

,:,.:I
<D
;::)
J{Jlacc H Ha3HatleHHe Maw HHLI
94
KonOIiKOBaH, ;J..1H npllC1pO'IKH CTenb-
KII II 06TH>KKII K KpalO 3/1roTOBKII npIl
npOIl3BO!l.CTBe 6C333TH}1<1I0i'1 06YBII BHYT-
peHHero 4JopMoBaHIIH
95
.D.JlH npIlIllIlBaHIIH pa3nH'IHbIMH cnoco-
6aMII nnOCKIIX nyroBIILl C qeTbIpbMH II
D.BYMH OTBCpCTIIHMH K BCpXHCH OAC>K-
Ae, KOCTIOMaM, nJlaTbHI, 6enblO II
CnCLlOD.e>K.'I.e LlenHbIMII O;l.HOHIITO'lHblMI1
CTe>KKa MH
Pa3:\!epbl npHIUHBaeMbIX nyroBHU:
D.I1aMCTp 10-32 MM, TO.'1ll.1I1Ha .'1.0 5,5
MM. PaCCTOHHHe Me>KAY OTBepCTIIHMH
3-5,5 MI\!. Pa3MepbI npIlIllIlBaeMbIX ny-
rOBIIU: AIIaMeTp OT 10 D.O 17 MM, Ton-
ll.IIfHa .11.0 3 MM. 411('.10 YKonoB D.nH npIl-
IUIIBKII nyroBIILl: C 'IeTbIpbMH oTBep-
CTIIHMII 20, C ABYMH oTBepcTIIHMIf 10.
BbIcoTa «HO>KKH» C nOAnyroBIILlei'I 3-
4 MM, 6e3 nOAnyroBIILlbI 3-6 1\"1
97
I XapaKTep CTpO'lKH
.D.BYXHIITOlIHaH
'IenHO'lHaH
OAHOHIITO'lHaH
LlenHaH
.D.JIH IlIHTbH llIenKOBbIX, 'won'laT06y- .D.BYXHIITo'lHaH
Ma>KHbIX II mepCTHHbIX TKaHei'1 061llcH 'IeJlHO IHaH
TonlllIlHoi'r .11.0 4 MM
97-A
BapIlaHT MalllIlHbI C LleHTpanIl30BaH-
HOll CMa3Koii OT Hacoca
97-8
B3pIl3HT M31l1I1HbI C B03AYIliHO-BOAH-
HbiM OXn3>KlleHHeM I1rnbl
201
KonoHKoB3H, AJIH npIlCTp3'1HBaHH.H
p3HTa K KpalO 33roTOBKH MY>KCKOH,
>KeHCKOH HCAoMepKoBoH H AeTCKoii 06y-
BII, BHYTpeHHero 4JopMoBaHHH. 06ll.1aH
TOnll.lHH3 CIlIIIBaeMbiX 9neMeHTOB .11.0
9 MM
202
KonoHKoBaH, AnH BTa'lHBaHHH pYKa-
Ba B npOHMY H3AeJlHH 113 TKaHeH KOC-
TIOMHOi'I H naJlbTOBOH rpynnbI C OAHO-
BpCMeHHOH nocaAKoi'I BepXHeH TKaHH
BenIl'lIlH3 nOCaD.KII MaTepHana .11.0
25% npH AnHHC CTe>KK3 2,5 MM
203-A
MalUIIHa C OTKnlO'IaIOIllHMHCH I1r-
naMH AnH coeAHHeHHH D.C1aneH IUBCH-
HbiX I13AenHH ABYMH nap3J1J1eJlbHbIMII
CTpO'lK3MH 6ecnOC3AoqHbIM IlIBOM
w
CD
.....
To Ke
»
OA:-IOHIITOqH3H
qcnHaH
.D.BYXIiIlTO'lH3H
'IenHO'lH3H
.D.BYXHHTO'lHI!H
'1CJlHO'IHaH 6ecno-
C3J10qHaH
'lacToTa BpalIteHHR .ltJlHlla CTe:IKKa,
rJlaBHoro Dana, MM
06/MHII
1300-2000
1200
5000
5500
5000
t500
.11,0 2000
3000
1-5,8
.D.o 4 MM
HOMep HrJlhl
npOAOn>KeHIIe
XapaKTepHCTHKa IIHTKH
2-r, N! 100, Xnon l laT05YMa>KHbIe
110, 130, Ng 6 II 30 B lIleCTb H .'I.e-
rOCT BJlTb CnO>KeHIIi'!, oc060-
7322-55 npO'lHbIe, rOCT 6309-73
3-U, Nq 75, Xnon l laT05YMa>KHbIe
90, 110. 130, MaTOBble B meCTb cno
150 II 3-P >KeHIIi'r, Nq 30, 40, 60, 80,
N! 130, roCT 6309-73
rOCT
7322-55
3B, N! 75,
90, 100,
110, 120,
rOCT
7322-55
(88X I )
..
XJlon l laT06YMa>KllbIe Ma
roBble npaBoi'1 KPYTKI
N 30-80 B IlICCTb C.10
>KeilIliI, rOCT 6309-73,
UlC.1KOBbIC N! 65, 75,
roCT 6797-70
110 4 MI
To >Ke
4-9
1,8-4,5
1-4,5
3-B, N! 75, To >KC
90, 100, 110,
120, rOCT
7322-55
To )f{e
Xnon'laT06Y\la>KHbIe
npaBoH KpYTKH Nq 30--80
B IlICCTb CJlO>KeHIIA, rOCT
6309-73, llIeJlJ<OBbIe N! 65,
75, rOCT 6797-70
I1r na: 21-11., KanpoHoBbie N2 2-34
N! 175, 200, (5), 3, 1,8-34 (6) 3,
224, rOCT 1,3-34 (0) 4
7322-55.
WHJ\O: 35-A,
Nq 190, 210,
240, rOCT
7322-55
3-W, M 100, XnOnl1/lT05YMa>KHble
110, 130, Nq 30--50, rOCT 6309-
rOCT 73 B IlICCTb CnO>KeHIIH
7322-55
3-11, N! 65, Xnon l laT06YMa>KHble Ma-
75, 90, 100, TOBbIe Nq 10, 20, 30, 40,
110, 120, 50, 60 II 80 B llIeCTb cno-
130, rOCT >KCH II ii npaBoH KPYTKII,
7322-55 rOCT 6309-73, II men-
KOBbIC Nq 75, 65, rOCT
6797-70
.

'"
CJ:)
t-:I
npO,'I.O.1>KefIIIC
l '-IaCTOTa BPa11leHHH I
XapaKTep CTpO'lKH I'lIaBHOI'O Balla,
OO/MHM
.D.JlIIU3 CTe>fCI\D:.
MM
XapaKTepHCTIlKa HHTKH
J{Jlacc H Ha3HalJeHHe MaWHtlLi
HOMep HI'JlLI I
203-2
.D.nH 06pa60TKH OTKpblToro cpe3a
TecbMoH IInH 6ci'rKoil npeAMcToB >KeH-
CKoro TyaJlCTa. FaccTOJuUle MC>KAY
CTpO'lKaMH 7 MM
203-3
.D.nH 06pa60TKH 60KOBbIX cpe30B
npeAMeToB >KeHCKOro TyancTa. HaCT-
POl/HbIM IlIBOM C TccbMoi'r H A.'1H IUBa
«B 3aMOK»
.D.BYXHHTOq-
HaH qenHo'/-
HaH
[{O 3000
1,3-4,5
203-4
.D.nH 06pa60TKH BCPXHHX CpC30B KPY-
>KeBaMH H BbIOH'IHKOM npeAMcToB >KCH- I
CKoro TyaneTa }
208
O.!l.HOHrOnbHaH IlIBciIH006MOTOIJHaH
MalllHHa AnH CIUIIBaHIIH it 06MeTKH C
oAHoBpeMcHHOH 06pe3Koil KpOMOK 6CJlb-
eBbIX, TpHKOTa>KHbIX H3AcnIlH KpaeBoH
TpCXHHTOl/HOH CTpOIJKOii. lllHpHlla IlIBa
OT 2,5 .11.0 3,5 MI\I
TpCXHIITOl/HbIH
3naCTHIJ.lbIH Kpae-
06MeTO'IIJbIH
5000
1,5-3,2
211
.D.nH OTCTpO'lKH TeCbl\!On HapY>KHbIX
KpaeB AeTancii TeKCTlfJlbHblX H KO>Ka-
HbIX 3arOTOBOK 06YBII. BepxHIIH II. HH1I<-
HHH ABlIraTCJlli TKaHH II nepClllelll/llO-
IUIIH urna B Hanpa!!nCHHII nOAa'lH
.D.BYXIIHTOqHaH
IJeJlHO'I!laH 6ccno-
caAO'IHaH
LJ.0 2500
0,8-4
2]4
.D.nH CTaIJC'IHbIX pa60T Ha rpy60cy-
KOfIHbIX TKaHHX THna cepolllHHenbHoro
CYKHa H 606pllKa 06ll.\eH TOJlll.\IIHOii .11.0
8 1\1111
.D.BYXHHTOqHaH
IJCnHO'lHaH
1500
2-8
216
llIBcHHaH MalllHHa AnH YCHneHHoi'1
3Hr3aro06pa3110ii CTPOqKH B TPH YKO-
na. lllHpIlHa 3Hr3ara .11.0 10 MM. 06-
ll.\aH TOJlIllHHa CIlIHBaeMbIX MaTcpH3noB
B 06>K3TOM COCTOHHIIH 1,5-8 MM
220M
.D.BYXHHTOIJHaH
IJenHO'lHaH 3Hr3a-
ro06p33HaH
1100
1-5
.D.nH H3rOTOBneHHH 33KpenoK Ha TKa-
HHX nanbTOBOH H KOCTIOMHOH rpynn
(Apan, CYKHO II T. A.) npll IlIHTbe Bepx-
HeH OnC>KAbI. 60nblllaH 3aKpenK3 06pa-
3yeTcH 3a 42 YKona HrJlbI, l\IanaH - 3a
21 YKOJI HrJlb!. MalllHH3 cHa6>KeH3 HO-
>KeBbIM YCTPOHCTBOM AJIH 06pe3aHHH
BCPXHCIi H HH>KHeH HIITOK
222
OJI.HollronbHaH AnH BbIMerOl/HbiX pa- OA:1OHHTOqHaH
60T npH 113rOTOBneHHH KOCTIOMOB H LlcnHaH
naJ1bTO
.D.BYXIIHTOqHaH
IJCnHO'IHaH
1200
2500
4-10
224
.D.ByxllronbHaH ,nJlH IUHTbH 3arOTOBOK
06YBH H3 JlerKOH H CpCAHCH KO>KH B .lI.BC
napannenbHbIe CTPOl/KH. PaccToHHHe
Me>K.lI.Y CTpO'lKaMH 1,8 - OCHOBHOC II
'" 1,4 - npfI CIIICHfIOii IlroJlbHOi'I nJla-
(.!) CTIIIIC
W
.D.BYXHHTOlIHaH
'ICJlHO'IHaH
3000
1,4-3
3-H Nq 100, XnonIJaT06YMa>KHble
110, rOCT Nq 50-60 B aICCTb cno-
7322-55 >KeHHH, fOCT 6309-73
9-A, Nq 65, lllBcHHbIe N 98/3 H
75,85, 76/3 no BTY 281-56
rOCT
7322-55
(8 I Xl)
3-H, 4-A,
Nq 90, 100,
lID, 120,
rOCT
7322-55
Xnoo'laT06YMa>KHble B
llleCTb cno>KcHuii Nq 30 II
40, fOCT 5309-73
THn I-I(, XJlOllqaT06YMa>KHbI
N 120, 130, N 30, 20, 10, I H
150, rOCT roCT 6309-73
7322-55,
3-C, N 170,
190, rOCT
7222-55
0,
3-H, N 130, IlICJlKOBbIC Nq 13, fOCT
150, 170, 1870-68, KanpoHoBbIe
rOCT K 9, 13
7322-55
3-H, N 100, XJlOnl/aTouYMa>KHbIC B
110, 120, meCTb C.ilO>KeIlIli'r, Nq 30-
130, 150, 60, fOCT 6309-73, H
fOCT llIenKOBbIe Nq 33-18
7322-55 roCT 6797-",'0 '
1-11., Xnonl/aT06YMa>KHble
N 130-150, N'! 30-50, rOCT 6309-
rOCT 73
7322-55
4-A,
N 75-100,
rOCT
7311-55
XJlonl/aT06Yla>KHbJe
Nq 30 B ll.elJHTb CnO>KeHHH;
.N2 40-50 B IlICCTb C.1O-
>KeHIIH npaBoH KPYThll,
roCT 6309-73

C;.)
<.D

K.IIacc H HaSHaqellHe MaWHHbI
XapaKTep CTpoqKH
225
.D.nH H3rOTOBJlCHHSI nCTCJlb c npo- .D.BYXHHTOqHaH
Kna,nKou KapKacHoH HUTKH Ha BepxHHx '1CnHOqHaSi
H 6cnbeBbIx TpHKOTa>KHhlX H3AeJlHSlX
230
OAHoHronbHaSi MalllHHa AJIH IlIHTbSl To >Ke
3arOTOBOK 06YBH
231
OAHOHrOJIbHaH KonOHKOBaH AJISI
IlIHTbSl 3arOTOBOK 06YBH C OAHOBpeMeH-
HOH 06pe3KoH H3nHllIKOB KO>K-nOllKnaA-
KH HaKnOHHhlM HO>KOM
232
OAHOHrOJIbHaSi KonOHKa AJiH IlIHTbSl
3arOTOBOK 06YBH C OAHoBpcMeHHoH 06-
pe3KoH H3nlllUKOB KO>KaHOH nOAKnaAKH
ropH30HTaJlbHhlM HO>KOM
235
,.
,.
.D.nSl CIlIHBaHHSI KOHLlOB MOKporo CYK- 011HOHHTOqHaSi
Ha B KpacHnbHo-OTllenO'lHhlX OT!l.eneHH- LlenHaSi
SIX
236
011HOIlronbllaH KonOHKOB3H IJ..'lSI npll- .D.BYXuIITo'lIIaSi
IlIHBaHIIJI K canoraM KO>KaHbIX 3a,'lHII- 'lenHOllHaSi
KOB II HaCTpa'lIiBaHIIH 3ailIlIlX pCIIIHCII
l 'IaCTaTa BPall(eHHR I
r.naBHoro &aJla,
Oll/MHII
2000
Jl.IIHHa CTe)Kl(a I
MM
0,5-1,5
HOMep H...... I
3-11, N2 75,
90, 100,
rOCT
7322-55
npOAo.'1>KeHHe
XapaKTepRCTHKa IIHTKH
III BeHHbie ,N'q 76/3, 133/3
II 98/3, BTY 281-56
.D.o 3000
1-2,5 (124-A, N2 75, XnonqaT06YMa>KHhle
AHana30HoB) 90, 100, 1l0, Nq 30, 40, 50 B llIeCTb CJIO-
rOCT >KeHHH, fOCT 6309-63
7322-55
2400
1-2,5
'2200 C HO- 1-2,5
>KOM, 3000 6e3
HO>Ka
1000
1000
5-9
2,5-5
4-A, N2 75, XJlonqaT06YMa>KHhle
90, 100, Nq 40/6 npaBoH KPYTKH,
rOCT roCT 6309-73
7322-55
4-A, N2 75, XnonqaT06YMa>KHble
90, 100, Nq 40/6 npaBoH KPYTKH,
rOCT fOCT 6309-73
7322-55
3-E, Nq 190, XnonqaT06YM8>KHhle
rOCT ,N'2 10 B TPH CnO>KeHHH,
7322-55 fOCT 6309-73
4-.l(, Xnon'laT06Y:\la>KHbIe
Nq 170-210, Nq 0, 00, fOCT 6309-73
fOCT
7322-55
237
.lI.ByxHronbHaH C n-06pa3I1oii n 1aT-
<!JOPMoi'! 11.1S1 CTallHBaHUH ,J.eTancii LlU-
nllHnrll'lCCKOii <!JOplbl. PaCCTOHlIIlC
MC>K11Y I1rJI/I:\I1I 3,5 II 5 :\1111
245
.D.nSl IlIHTbSl rOJlOBHbIX y60pOB, H3ro-
TOBnCHHbIX H3 pIlcoBoii conOMKU
.D.Byxall ro'lIIaH
uenHali
O!lHOHHTOQHaSi
LlenH3S1
250-1
.D.nSl IlIHTbSl CYMOK, nanOK H MenKoH .D.BYXHIlTolIHaH
KO>KranaHTepcH. HH>KHHi'r pYKaB AHa- '1enHO.IHaH
MeTpOM 68 MM
252-M
.D.BYXHronbHaSi AJISI CTaQHBaHHSI Ae-
TaJlCH ABYMSI napaJlnenbHbIMH CTPOQ-
KaMII. nOllaQa TKaHH HH>KHeH pei'rKoH
II nepeMelllalOlllcHcSI HrJlOH
260
.D.nSl CTaQHBaHHSI BHYTpCHHero cpe-
3a nOA60pTa C npHKnaAoM npH H3ro-
TOBneHHII >KeHCKOro 3HMHero na.'1bTO
262
011HOHronbHaH IlIBei'maSi MalllHHa llnSi
pa3nHlIHbix CTaQHBalOIllHX oncpaLlHi'r npH
I13rOTOBneHHH BepxHeii O,iJ,e>KAbI H3
TSI>KenbIX TKaHcH. nOAa'la TKaHH-
peHKoil H Hrnoii
C;.)
<.D
c.n
To me
,.
,.
4000
J..{O 3500
1400
.D.o 4000
2000
.D.o 4000
3-5
2-5
1-4
2,5
5-B, N2 90,
100-] 10,
rOCT
7322-55
X.10H l laT06YMa>Kllble
J"' 40-80, fOCT 6309-
73
3-6, N2 90, X.'1onllaT06YMa>KHbIe
100, 110, 120, N2 40-80 B !llCCTb cno.
rOCT >KeHHH, fOCT 6309-73
7322-55
3-Ill H 4r, XJlon'laT06YMa>KHbIe
N2 1I0-170, N'q 10-40, fOCT 6309-73
npeikKypaHT
3-11, N2 85, XJlonlI/lT06YMa>KHble
90, 100, 1l0, Ne 10-80 B IlICCTb CJlO'
120, rOCT )KeHHi'r npaBoH KPYTKH,
7322-55 fOCT 6309-73, H llIeJJ-
KOBbIe Nq 33 H 65, fOCT
6797-70
3-Ill, XnonqaT06YMa>KHble
N2 100-150, Nq 20-40, fOCT 6309-
rOCT 73
7322-55
OT I 110 4,5 3-H, N2 100, XnonllaToGYMa>KHbIe
110, 120, 130, N2 10-80 B llIeCTb cno-
150 II 170, ,KeHIIH npaBoi'r KPYTKH,
rOCT fOCT 6309-73, H llIe.1-
7322-55 KOBhle Nq 33 II 65, fOCT
6797-70

'"
to
0)
KJlacc H Jla3Ha 1 JeHHe MalllHHLI
295
.D.nH npHlUlIBaHHH Ha MY>KCKHe co-
pOllKH nyrOBI1Ll AHaMcTpoM II MM C
,nBYMH OTBCpCTHHMII. nOAaIJa nyroBHLl
aBTOMaTHIJeCKaH 113 6YHKepa. npH 3a-
MCHC ABYX .lI.eTaJleii Mallill1l3 MO>KCT
npHIUHBaTb nyroBliubI AHaMeTpoM 14 Mllf
297
XapaKTep CTpO'lKH
OAHOHHTOIJHaH
LlemlaH
.D.nH CTaIJHBaHHH KOCTIOIHOH H nanb-
TOBOH rpynn C oAHoBpeMeHHoH no-
caJJ.KoH HH>KHCH TKaHH H 06pC3KOH KpaH
IlIBa -- napanJlCJlbHO nIlHHH CTpOIJKH
302
C ManoH KonoHKoH AnH BTaqHBaHHH To >Ke
pYKaBa B npoHMY nerKoro nnaTbH. Be-
nHqIlHa nOCa.ll.KH BepxHcH TKaHH .11.0
25% npH AnHHe CTe>KKa 2,5 MM
330-8
.D.nH llJlITbH 3arOTOBKH XpOMOBOH
06YBH C HcnpepblBHoH no.u.alIeH MaTC-
pHaJla
332
.D.JlH CTPOqKII KaHTa 06yall C OAHO-
BpeMcHHoi'1 06pC3KOH H3nHlUKOl:! 1<O>Ka-
HOH npOKJlaAKH C nOAHYTpeHHeM nOA
KaHT ropH30HTanbHO pacnOJlO>KCIIHbIM
HO>KOM, IIMCIOIllHM nepeMC:ii.CHIiC B Bep-
TliKa.1bIlOil nJlOCKOCTH. PaccToHHHe OT
CTpOlIKH .11.0 06pc3aeMoH "'POMKH HC
IIfCHCe 1,3 MM
350
p..1H npliTa'IIIBaHHH K03blpbKOB H Ha-
Jl06HIIKOB K rOJlOBHblllf y60paM. Bepx-
HIiH H HH>KHHi'1 ABHraTeJllf TKaliH H OT-
KnOHHlOlllaHCH Hrna
370-1
nOJlyaBToMaT A.1H CTaIJHBaHHH cKpyr-
neHHblX MaHJKeT K MY>KCKHM COpO'l-
K!llIl
362
.D.nH oAHoBpellfeHHoro CTa'IHBaHHH H
pa3YTIO>KHBaHIIH CTaqe'lHblX H HaCTp;)q-
HblX IlIBOB
378
.D.nH pa3J1HIJHhlX IUBei'IHblx pa60T no
PCMOHTY KO>KaHoi'r II KHp30BOH 06YBH
397
.D.nH BbJnOJlHCHHH CTa'lHBalOll.IHX one-
paLlIiH C OAHoBpcMeHHoH 06PC3KOil
KpaH TKaHH napaJlnCJlbHO .'IIIIIHH CTpOll-
KH npH H3roTOBJlCIIHH H3AeJlHi'r H3 TKa-
Hcii 6enbeBoH, nnaTbeBoi'1 H KOCTIOMHOil
rpynn
'"
<.D

.D.BYXHHTO'llfaH
IJenHOIJHaH
,.
,.
l '-IaCTOTa opall(eHHR
rJl.aBHOrO sana,
. 06/MHH
2200
>KOM)
3000
HO>Ka)
1200
2000
.Ao 2000
3000
.lI..rTHII3 C1'e:HCK3 ,
MM
HOMep HrJlbl
npO.ll.On>KeHIIe
XapaKTepHCTHKa HHTKH
PaCCTOHlfHe II-A, Nq 90, Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble 1IIa-
Me>K!l.Y OTBep- rOCT rOBble B IUCCTb CJlO>Ke-
CTHHMH nyroBHu 7322-55 HHH Nq 60--80, fOCT
3,5:1:0,1 MM 6309--73
1,3--3
1,2--3,0
1,2--3,3
(C HO- 1,2; 1,4; 1,7;
2' 2,2; 2,5; 2,8;
(6C3 3,3
3-IlI, N! 100, Xnon l laT06YMa>KHble Ma-
llO, 120, 130, TOBble B llIeCTb AeBHTb
rOCT er,O>KeHHH Nq 30--50,
7322--55 mCT 6309--73
»
,.
,.
,.
»
1400
1900
.D.o 2600
ioo
-1500
3--4 MM
1,6
1,5--4
.D.o 6
;1.0 4
3-H, N! 75, Xnon'laT06Yllla>KHbIC
85, rOCT !1 60--80, fOCT 6309-
7322-55 73, IUCJlKOBble Nq 33--65,
roCT 6797--70
4-A,
75-110,
rOCT
7322-55
4-A-85,
4-A-90,
4-A-loo,
fOCT
7322-55
Xnon l laT06YMa>KHbIC
Nq 30 B .lI.CBHTb CnO>KCHIiH,
Nq 40--50 B lUeCTb CJlO-
iKeHHH npaBoH KPYTKH,
fOCT 6309--73
XJlonqaT06YMa>KHbIe
Q06YBHble» Nq 30 B Ae-
BETb CJlO>KeHHH, Nq 40 B
illeCTb cnollic:mii, fOCT
6309--73, npdBoH KPYTKH.
. -
HUTKH IlIBcilHble H3 H3TY-
paJlbHOrO illcnKa Nq 33,
roCT 6797--70
3-IlI, rOCT XnonIJaT06YMa>KHble
7322-55, Nq 10--30, fOCT 6309--
N! 150, 170, 73
190
3-H, N! 90, XnonQaT05YM8>KHble
100, fOCT N 60, 80, roCT 6309--73
7322-55
3-Y, N! 90, XnonqaT06YMa>KHble B
100, 110, 120, weCTb cnomellIlil Nq 30 H
rOCT 40, roCT 6309--73
7322-55
2-E, N! 130, X.'1on l I/lT06Y1lla>KHble
H 4-11., Nq 3-00, B 9-12 cnO>Ke-
N! 150-250, IIIIH
rOCT
7322-55
(214x 2 )
3-B, N! 75, XnonqaT06YMa>KHbIe
90, 100, No 3D-80 B llIeCTb cno-
110, 120, >KeHHH npanoH KPYTKH,
rOCT fOCT 6309--73, llIeJJKO-
7332-55 IJble Nq 65, 75, fOCT
6797--70

UJ
<..D
00
npOJJ.on>KeHHe
I{nacc H H8SHa'ieHHe MalllllHhI
X.JpaK rel'ltCTHKd HHTKH
408
.D.BYXHronbHaH llnH CTa'I11l1aHHH H
OfiMCTbIBaHIfH TpIIIWTa}KHbIX nonOTCH
C O;l.HOBpCMelillOH 06pe3Koii KpOMOK.
PaCCTOHHHe Me>KJJ.Y IIrJlaMH 2,5 MM
408-A
BapHaliT MalllHHbI JJ.JlH CIIIHBaHHH
nerKHX TKaHeH, COpOllC'IHbIX, nJlaTCnb-
IIbIX. PaccToHilIle Me>KAY III .1aMIl 3 MM.
lllHpHHa IlIBa JJ.O 8 MM
508
BapIlaHT MalliHllbI JJ.nH CllillBaHHH
nerKUX TKaHcit. PaccToHillfe MC>KAY
HrJl/l.MII - 7 MM. IllllpHHa IliBa .11.0
12 111M
450
AdpaKTep npO'lKH
.l!:BYXHHTO'l-
HblA LlenHol\ H
TpeXHHT01.Jllbll'
06MeTO'lHblll
.D.nH OKaHTOBKH Cpe30B AeTaJleii ro- .D.BYX:IIITO'lIfaH
nOBHbIX y60pOB pCnCOBOH JICHTOH IlIH- 'le1HO'IHaH
pHHOH 12 H 18 MM
462-1
.D..1H CTa ' /HB3HHH TKalleH, JJ.y6nHpo-
BaHHbIX nCHOnOJIllypeTaHoM, H rYMH-
pOBaHHbIX lIIaTCpIlaJlOB. HleeTCH Bepx-
IIHii ..'I.BHraTcnb TKaHH
474
LI.,1H pacnOIllHBKH IlIBOB
IIIIX TpHKOTa>KHblX H3AcnUH:\
To iI<e
l 'laCTOTa BPalLleH!!" 1
r JlaBHOrO Dana.
06/M!!H
5000
2500
1000
Ha BCpX- TpeXHHTOlIHaH 3500 lIa
nnOCKaH, 06pa3ye- ont'paLlHHX C
MaH JJ.BYMH HrJlaMU np:IMbIMH ,nmlll-
H neTm1TC.C;A IIbIMH IliBaMH
(>50 CM),
2800 Ha one-
pa:,l!fHX C KO-
pOTKilMU IlIBaMH
«50 CM) H
Hami'IIICIII nOBO-
pOTOB, 2600 -
npH pacnOIllHB-
Ke IllBOR Ha TPH-
I<OT3>KHbIX no-
nOTHC1X 113 CHH-
TCTiI'eCKHX BO-
JlOKOH
576
TpexHroJlbHaSl AnH IIpHllIlIBallUH .'1ac-
TOBULl C nOACBeTO:\f MCCTa CIlIHBKH
595
nHTHHUTO'lHaH
IIJIOCKaH, 06pa3ye-'
:\faH ,PCMH urnaMH,
nCTJlliTCneM H pac-
K.'1a;J.'IIIKOM
.D..1H npHIliIlBaHHH c4Jcplf l leCKUX nyro- OJJ.H.JllliTO'lHaH
BHLl C YIliKOM K JlerIW\lY nnaTO H3 LlenH<1H
TK311CI1 II TpUhOTa>Ka
UJ
<..D
1.0
5000
1200
nnHHa CTe>KK8,
MM
1,3-3,3
.J:O 6
2-5
1,7
1,8-2,8
I Hmf(p Hr JILl
9-A,
N 60-90,
fOCT
7322-5,5
To >Ke
IlllJeitHblc }.fq 98/3; 76/3;
PTY 281-56
3-H, N 90, X.10nllC1To6YMa}liHbIe
100, 110, 120, N 40-80, fO,CT 6309--
fOCT 73
7322-55
2-H, M 90, X.onllaT06Y:\I/I>KHbIC B
100, 110, 120, IliCCTh c.lOn-.eHuii, KpYTKIl
fOCT N 40, 50, 60, mCT
7322-55 6309-73. Ill!JelfHbIe JlaB-
eaHOBblC N2 90j3, MPTY
17-566-67. IllenKoBbIe
.1\':1 65. fOCr 6797-70.
KanpoHOBblC Nq 64/3, CTY
36-12-205-63
...
.. -
3,2
3-Ill-90,
3-Ill-100,
3-Ill-11O
fOCT'
7322-55
3-Ill, N! 6.3,
75, 85, 90,
fOCT
7322-55
3-U-90
3-U-100
X.onllaT06Yfa>KHbIe
J\JlH TpIiKoTa;KHoi'f npo-
MbIllIneHHOCTIi MPTY 17-
558-67, B neTnIlTC.1b
npH>Ka x/6 !'Ii'!! 40/2, '/HCTO-
llIepCTHHaH Nq 32/2 II CMe-
llIaHaH Nq 30/2
X.lOn<IaT06YMa>KHbIe
XJlOn l laT06Yllla>KHblC
Nq 50, 60, 80 B llieCTb cno-
}KCHllii, fOCT 6309--73;
IlICnKOBble I\I'q 33, fOCT
6797-70

,;:..
o
o
Knacc H HaSHa'leHHe MalllHHI>!
597-M
)XJlH CTaqHBaHHH TKaHH H3 HaTypaJlb-
HbiX BonOKOH, a TaK>Ke TKaHei'I, COlI.ep-
>Kall.lHX CHHTCTH'leCKHe H HCKYCCTBeH-
Hble BonOKHa. nOlI.alla TKaHH peliKon H
nr Jlon
597-B
BapHaHT MalllHHbI C B03AYIliHO-BOAH-
IIblM OXna>KlI.eHlleM
697
.D.JlH CTaqHBaHHH TKaHH H3 HaT-
panbHblX BOJlOKOH, a TaK>KC TKaHell,
COAep>Kall.lHX CHHTeTH'IeCKHe H HCKYCCT-
BeHHble BOJlOKHa (AH4J4JepeHLlHanbHaH
nOlI.a'la TKaHH)
770
nonyaBToMaT AJIH 06pa60TKH Kna-
naHOB MY>KCKHX KOCTIOMOR
KacceTbi CMeHHble
MexaHH3M 06pe3KH KpOIllKH TKaHH
870
BapnaHT nonyaBToMaTa lI..!JH 06pa-
60TKH KJlanallOB MY>KCKHX nanbTO
776
TpeXHronbHaH nJlOCKOIUOBllaH C lI.H4J-
4JepclILlHanblloH nOAa'leH AnH n OAIli IIB-
KH 6CJlbeBbiX TpHKOTa>KlIbiX H3lI.eJlHH
PaccToHHHC MC>KAY KpaiiHHMH Hrna-
MjI 6 111M. ABTOMaTH'IeCKlIil OCT3HOB
Mallllfllbi npIl nOAXOlI.C JlIITOK C Y3-
JlaMIl
797
)XBYXIIro.1bHaH AJiH Cla'IHuaHIIH C
OlI.HOBpOMeHHOH 06pe3Koi'1 H 06MeTKoi'1
KpaH IIPH H3rOTOBJleHHH H3lI.enHH nnaTb-
eBoi'1 H KOCTIOMHOi'1 rpynnbl H3 HaTY-
panbllblX TKaHcn
803 (1852)
.D.ByxHronbHaH C OTKnlO'IalOll.IHMHCH
HrnaMH lI.JlH CoelI.HHeHIIH AeTanen IlIBeil-
HbiX H3!1.enHn ABYMH CTpO'lKaMH 6ec-
nOCalI.O'lHbIMH
852X5
.D.BYXHronbHaH AJiH CTa'lHBaHHH Ae-
Tanei'l IlIBei'lHblx 113,nenHII. nOAaqa pei'!-
Kon n HrnaMII (paccToHHIIe MC>KAY
HrnaMH 5 MM H 3,8 MM)
852XI0
To >Ke, HO paccToHHHC MC>KAY Hrna-
MH to MM (8 MM)
no MalllHHaM K.1aCCOB: 852 X 12,
852X28, 852X32, 852X38 CM. Ta6J1.
 17, CTp. 201
.....
XapaKTep CTpO'lKH
'lacToTa "pa1l1eHHR ltnHHa CTe>KKa,
rnaBHoro 88na. MM
06/MHH
HOMep Hrnl>!
.D.BYXHHTOqHaH
qeJlHO'lHaH
To ,Ke
»
»
»
- ..
nJlOCIiOllIOBH3H
qeTbipeXHIITOqHaH
.lJ..1H CTa'IHBaHHH
ABYXrlHTO'lHaH '1eJl-
HO'lHaH. .D.nH 06-
MeTKH "paH Tpex-
HHTO'l!i3H
.D.BYXIIHTO'II1aH
'1eJlHO'lHaH
To ,Ke
4500
5000
4500
1900
1900
5000
4500
3200
4500
OT I .11.0 4
.'I.o 4
3-B, 1
M 85-120,
fOCT
7322-55
t
J
3-B,
N2 75-120,
rOCT
7322-55
OT I 110 4 3-B,
M 85-120,
rOCT
7322-55
2
2
1,8-2,8
.D.o 4
1,3-4,5
1,3-4,5
3-M M 100' 1
rOCT
7322-55
3-11, j
N2 110, 120,
rOCT
7322-55
---.-
3-lll,
N2 65, 75,90,
rOCT
7322-55
.lJ.J1H qeJlHO'l-
HOM CTpO'lKII
3-B, Nq 75,
90, 100 AM
06MeTOqHOM
CTPOqKH 3-6,
N2 90, 100,
rOCT
7322-55
3-11, N2 90,
100, 110, 120,
rOCT
7322.......:.55
3-M, N2 90' 1
100, 110, 120,
rOCT
7322-55
I

J
n POAOJI>KCHHe
XapaKTepHCTHlm HnlKH
Nq 40-80 npaBoil KPYT-
Kif, fOCT 6309-73, If
menKOBble Nq 33 If 65,
fOCT 6797-70
Nq 40-80 npaBO" KpYT-
KH, fOCT 6309-73, H
UieJlKOBbie Nq 33-65,
fOCT 6797-70
XJlon'laT06YMa>KHble
J\"q 50, 60, fOCT 6309-73
-v
X.IJOn'laTOUYMa>KHbIC
Nq 92/3, !33/3, MH'
17 -558-67
XJlon'laT06YMa>KlIbte
npaBoil KPYTKH B llIeCTb
CnO>KeHHii, fOCT 6309-
73, Nq 50-80
Xnon'laT05YMa>KlIble
KPYTKIf «Z», Nq 40, 60,
fOCT 6309-73, llIeJlKO-
BbIe N2 33, rOCT 6797-
70
Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble Ma-
TOBbie B TPH II llIeCTb cno-
>KeHH", Nq 40, 50, 60, 80
KPYTKH «z» B llIeCTb CJlO-
>KCHHH, fOCT 6309-73,
IllCJIKOBble 2 33, 65,
fOCT 6797-70

,.I::>.
o
tv
I{nacc II Ha3Ha'leHHe MamHH
862
OAHoHroJlbHaH ,nJlSl CTa'lHBaHHH Ae-
TaJleii BepXHeii OAe>KAbl 1f3 TJJ>KeJlbIX
TKaHci'1 TO.IllHHOii 11.0 6 IM. nOAa'la
peiiKOI\ H Ifr.10H
876
.D.BYXHroJlbHaH nJlOCKOIliOBHaH C
AH4J4JepeHLlHanbHoi'1 nOAa'leH AnH nOA-
IlIIfBKH 6e.1beBbIX TpIfKOTa>KHbIX H311.e-
JlHii.
TonllllfHa nOJlOTCH B C>KaTOM COCTOH-
HHIf .11.0 3 MM. PaCCTOHHne Me>K11.Y Hr-
na!>!H 4 MM
976
I '-IacToTa BPameHHH I .llJJHHa CTe)l{Ka , j
XapaKTep CTpo'lKH rn3BHoro Ba.13, MM
06/MHH
.D.BYXHIfTO'lHaH
'1C.1HO'IHaH
TpeXrlHTO'lHaH
n.10C!<OIlIOBHaH
.D.BYXHronbHaH AnH HalllHBKIf nO,10C
H3 TpIfKOTa>KHoro nonOTHa K cnopTHB-
HblM H3AenHH!\\ lWYMH lWYXHIfTO'lHbIMH
CTpO'lKaMH.
PaccToHHHe Me>KAY HrJlaMH 12 MM
1076
LlByxHronbHaH nnOCKOIliOBHaH AnH TpeXHHTO'lHaH
nOAIlIHBKH KpaeB 6eJlbeBblX TpHKOTa>K- nnOC;{OillOBHaH
HblX H3Ae.'IIfi'I
.
1076-2
.D.ByxHrOJlbH3H nJlOl:KOlllOBH3H AnH
H3rOTOBneHlfH .10»l:Horo Kall13 Ha enop-
THBHblX H3AeJlHHX H3 TpHl<OTaiKa
1176
lleTbIpeXllrO.'IIoH3H 'l.13111WH3 11..1H Bbl-
nO,1HCHIfH OTAenO'lHbIX CTpn'lCK THna
3all.lHIIOB 11<1 .'I.eTa.'1HX nJiaTenLHoii rpyn-
nbl C npOl<JI<lllblBaHHeM B mOBIIHTlOI
1076-1
.D.BYXHro.1bHaH "alllHHa AnH BbI-
nonHeHHH OTAeJlO'lHblX CTpO'leK THna
3all.lHnOB Ha AeTanHx nnaTeJlbHOii rpyn-
nbI C npOKJla,nblBaHHcM B 1lI0B III Hypa
1276
OAHolfronbliaH C Au4J4JepcHLlHa.1bHoi'1
nOAa'lcii AnH OKaHTOBKIf 3apa60TaHHoii
6eiiKoii (6e3 nOArH6KH KpaeB) BepxHHx
TpHKOTa>KHblX H3AeJlHii. HO>KeBOe YCT-
POiiCTBO 11.nH 06pe3KH 6eiiKH nocne
npH1lI1fBaH1I1!
1276-1
To >Ke AnH OKaHTOBKH p€3aHblX 6eeK
C nOArH6Koii KpaeB
1376
.D.BYXHro.'lbHaH nJlOCKOillCBHaH J1..1H
npllIlJUBaHIfH KPY>KCB K oe.1beublM Tpll-
KOTaiKHLIM H3!J.enHJI\I C IIlJoKnaAblDa-
HHeM B 1lI0B pe3lfHOBOii TeCbMbI. Mexa-
HH3M AJiH 06pe3KH KpY>KeB. PaccToHHHe
MC>KAY HrJlaMH 4 MM
1476
.D.BYXHro.1bHaH nnOCKOillOBflaR J1..H
npHIliHBaHHH 3J1aI:TII'IHOil .'1eflTbI K KraIO
.,':>. TpIlKOTa>KHbIX u3Acnllil «IJHaX.'ICCT»
o
c.u
.D.BYXIIIITO'lHaH
LlenHaH
To >Ke
TpCXIIIITO'lHa"
n.1oCKO[jfOBHaH
B J1.Be .'1I1I1111f
To Ke
JlBYXHIITO'lHaH
uenJ!:lH
To >KC
TpeXHlfrO'IH3 H
n.oe"l)IliOBHaH
To :KC
4500
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
bOOO
.D.o 4,5
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1.8-2.8
1,8-2,8
Ho Mep Hr n"
3-II, M 100,
110, 120,
130, 150,
fOCT
7322-55
3-111, N 65,
75,90,
rOCT
7322-55
3-111, Nq 65,
75,90,
fOCT
7322-55
3-111, N 65,
. 75,90,
rOCT
7322-55
3-111
M 75, 90
fOCT
7322-55
5.D., .N!! 90,
100, 110,
rOCT
7322-55
3-111, Nq 75,
90, 100,
rOCT
7322-55
3-111, M 75,
90, 100,
rOCT
7322-55
3-111,
N2 75, 90
rOCT
7322-55
3-111
N 75, 90
rOCT
7322-55
npOAOn>KeHHe
XapaKTepHCTHK3 HHTKH
XJlon'laT06YMa>KHble
N2 10-80 B meCTb c.1J0-
,>KCHHli npaBoil KPYTKIf,
rOCT 6309-73
XJlon'laT06YMa>KHble
:' 98/3, 133/3, MPTY 17-
558-67
Xnon'laToGYMa>KHbIe
13,1 TeKcX3; 10,2 TeKCX
X3. KanpoHoBbIe 5 TeKCX
X3. JIaBc3HoBble 11,1
TCKCX2
X.lOn'laT06YMa>KHbIe
Nq 98/3, 133/3, MPTY 17-
558-67
"\Jlon'laT06YMaiKHbIe
N- 50, 60 B TpH CJlO>Ke-
HIIH, fOCT 6309-73

] ",,0. ',",oOy",*"",
l .JI.2 50, 60 B rp'l CnO>KeHIIH,
( fOCT 6309-73
I
J
X.1on'laT06YMa>KHble
No 133/3, '18/3, 76/3,
MPTY 17-558-67
X.10n'laTo6YMa>KHble
J\"2 133/3, 98/3. 76/3.
,l\1PTY 17-558-67
XJlon'illT06YMa>KHbiC
Nb 133/3, 98/3, MPn'
17 -558-67
XnOn'IaTOOY:"laiK Hble
N2 133/3, 98/3, 76/3,
MPTY 17-558-67

.;..
o
.;..
n pO.'l.O.1i!<eHHe
Kna'cc H'H3SnaQeHHe MaWHHhI
XapaKTepHCTHKa HHTKH
l '-IaCTOTa BPal1leHHR / llnHHa CTe)l(Ka,
XapaKTep CTpO'lKH rnaBHoro uana, MM
06/MHH
I HOMep Hrnhl
1576
TpeXHrOJlbHaH mlOCKOIllODllaH J1..'1H
npHIlIHBKH 3J1aCTH'IHoi'1 TeCbMbI K KpalO
TpHKOTa>KHbIX H3Aenlli'1 C 06pe3Koii
KpaH MaTepHana nepeA CIlIIIBKOH. Pac-
CTOHHHe Me>KAY KpaiiHHMIi IfrJlaMH
6 MM
1676
.D.BYXHrOJlbHaH nJlOCKOIliOBHaH J1.JlH
OKaHTOBKH 6eiiKoii C npOKnaAbIBaHHCM
pe3HHoBoii TeCbMbI B 1lI0B. HO>KeBOC
YCTpOi'ICTBO J1.JlH 06pe3KH GeiiKIl II TCCb-
MI"- MexaHll3M pacKnaA'IHKa
1022
.D.JlH IlIHTbH XJlOn'laToGYMa>KllbIX
llIepCTHHbIX TKaHci'1 II cYKHa
1022-4
, BarHaHT MalllHHbl Ami OKaHTOBKIl
AeTaJ'Jeii na.'1bTO
1097
.D.BxHro.1bHaH AnH CTa'lHBaHHH JlaB-
caHOBbiX TKaHei'I C 06pC3KOil H 06MeT-
KOi'1 KpaH.
.lJ.1I4J4JepcIILlllanbll<1H nU!l.a'la
4eTbI;>eXHIITO'IHaH
nJlOCJ<OllIOBHaH
4eT;'>lpCXHHTO'lHaH
nJlOCKOIllOBHaH C
HHTblO paCKna.'l.'IHK'l
H .D.BYXiJHTq'lIIaH
'1enHO'lIIaH
To >Ke
CTa'IIIBalOll.IaH
qeJlHO'lH3H; 06MC-
TbiBalOillaH Tpex-
HIITO'lHaH Kpae-
06McToIIHaH
1197
.D.nH CTa'lHBaIlHH C 06pe3Koi'1 KpOMKH .D.BYXHHTO'lHaH
TKaHH C nneHO'IHblM nOKpbITHeM H '1enHO'lHaH
KOCTIOMHOH rpynnbI, cOJ1.ep>Kall.lllx BO-
nOKHa TIIna JlaBCaH
.D.H4J4JepeHLlHaJlbHaH nOAa'la
KT-17
KeTTcnbHaH, MalllHHa llnH CIlIHBKH
nHTOK H MbiCKOB '1yno'IHo-HOCO'lHbIX
H3.!1,C.lIlH H3 llIeJlKOBblX H KanDOHOBblX
HHTei'! .
KBT-14
.D.JlH npHKeTJleBaHIIH OTJtenO'lHbIX 6e-
eK K BCpXHHM TpHKOTa>KllbIM H3!1.CJIIIHM,
BbIpa60TaHHbIM H3 llIepcHmoiI H nony-
IlICpCTHHOii npH>KH, a TaK>Ke 113 CHHTe-
TH'IeCKHX BonOKOH. .D.HaMeTp 4JOHTYPbl
435 MM. KOnH'IeCTBO TOKOJlCi'1 700 IlIT.
BM-50
BbillIlIBaJlbHaH AnH OTllenKII >KeHCKO-
ro, ACTCKoro 6C.1bH II Ap.
M-12
.D.BeHaALlaTHllronbHaH MaUIllHa
CTe>KKH BaTHbIX HaCTIIJlOB
.;..
o
Cil
5000
5000
4000
4000
4000
5000
.D.BYXIIHTO'lIIaH IllccTb
3J1aCTtf'lHaH KeT- pocTeil:
TenbHaH 270, 320,
420, 470
O.a IO:IIITO'IHaH
LlenHaH
Ta\IGypHaH
J1.nH .D.BYX:!IHTO'lHaH
LlenHaH
OT 50 .11.0 500
1200
600
1,8-2,8
1,8-2,8
1,3-4,5
1,3-4,5
!:Lo 4
.D.o 4
CKO-
220,
370,
.D.o 3
3-8
3-Ill
M 75, 90,
rOCT
7322-55
3-Ill
M 75, 90,
rOCT
7322-55
Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble
N! 133/3, 98/3, 76/3,
.\1PTY 17-558-67
Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble
N1' 133/3, 98/3, MPTY
17-558-67
3-E, Nq 75, Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble
90, 100, 110, N2 20-80 npaBoH KPYTKH,
120, 130, mCT 6309-73
rOCT
7322-55
3-E, Nq 100, XJlOJIIIaT06YMa>KHble
110, 120, },,> 30-40, fOCT 6309-
fOCT 73
7322-55
3-E M 90, Xnon'laT06YMa>KHbIe
100, rOCT Nq 50-80, fOCT 6309-
7322-55 73
3-B,
M 75-120,
rOCT
7322-55
&.
Xnon'laTo!5Yl\la>KHble
Nq 40-80, rOCT 6309-
73
7-E, Nq 95, Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble
rOCT 7322- Nq 100/3, mCT 6309-73
55. TOKOJlH
868 n03HLlIlH
3-1
CneLlll3JlbHaH npH>Ka TOro >Ke BHAa Ii
npHM3H 9-11 HOMepa, 113 I;OTOpoil BbIpa-
Nq 100 60TaHo H3;J.eJJlie (30/2,
50/2)
CneLlH3JlbHbIe Xnon'laT06YMa>KHble
THnbl 21-A, Nq 40-80, llienKOBbie
Nq 75- 130, N, 8-20
rOCT
7322-55
3-C, XJloJIIIaT06YMa>KHble
M 130-210, Nq 30-40, MaTOBbIe,
rOCT mCT 6309-73
7322-55

Knacc
Mali ""hi
833:2.
8-102
8410
8411
8-113
8422
8500
8505
8509
8510
8511
8512
406
npI1JIO>KEHI1E III
KPATKHE TEXHW-IECKHE XAPAKTEPHCTHKH HEKOTOPblX
IllBEnHbIX MAIllHH, BblnYCKAEMblX B f.D.P
Knacc
M3U1IIHW
Ha3H3'leHHe M3111HHhI
KpaTKaH TeXHH'IeCl<aH xapaKTepHcTHK3
8514
O;l.HOlirOnbHaH BbICOKOCKOpOCTHaH lJlICJlO CTe>KKOB .11.0 5000 B MH-
MalliHHa .'J.nH IlIBeiiHoii npOMbllllJIeH- HYTY. CTpO'lKa '1CnHO'lIIaH. .D.nH-
HOCTII. BbmycKaeTCH D pa3.1H'IHbIX Ba- Ha CTe>KKa .11.0 4,5 MM. TOnWHHa
pllaHTaX (CM. Ta6J1. 17) CUlIIBaeMblX MaTepHanOB .11.0 7 MM
TpeXHronbHaH Kpae06BH30'lHaH Ma- 411CJ1o CTe>KKOB 2800 B MHHY-
IlIIiHa. npeAHa3Ha'laeTCH )\.'1H no,nPy6a- TY. lJllcno HIITeil 5. TonlllHHa
HIIH H OAHOBpeMeHHoro BbmO,1HeHIIH CIlIHBaeMblX MaTepHaJlOB ]1.0 4 MM
AyrooKaiiMnHlOlllero IlIBa Y BH3aHbiX II
TpIlKOTa>KHbIX H3;1.e,1Hi'1
OAtloHrOnbHaH MallillHa ABYXHIITO'l- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 5200 B
HOro LlenHoro CTe>KKa. npeAHa3Ha'la- MHHYTY. TonlllHHa CllIlillaeMbIX
eTCH AJlH TpHKOTa>KHOH npOMbIIliJleH- MaTepHaJlOB .11.0 4 MM. .D.nHHa
HOCTH. CMa3Ka aBTOMaTH'IeCKaH Cre>KKa 1-4 MM
lJ,ByxHronbHaH MallillHa !l.BYXHIITO'lHO- 411cno CTe>KKOB .11.0 5200 B MH-
ro LlenHoro CTe>KKa. npeAHa3Ha'laeTCH HYTY. TOJlllllIHa CIlIHBaeMbiX Ma-
A.1H TpIiKOTa>KHOH npOMbJillJleHHOCTH. TepHaJlOB ]1.0 4 MM. .D..1HHa CTe>K-
BapllaHT MalllllHbI 8411/13 - npeAHa3- Ka 1-4 MM
Ha'laeTCH AnH npOH3BO!l.CTBa pa60'leii
O;l.e>KAbi
TpexHronbHaH MalllHHa ,J:nH npHIlIH- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 4000 B MH-
BaHIIH KpOMKH (6eiiKH). ilpe,nHa3Ha'la- HYTY. TonWHHa CllIIIBaeMbiX Ma-
eTCH AJ1H TpHKOTa>KHOii npOMbIIllJleHHO- TepHaJlOB 110 4 MM. 4HCJlO
CTH. HMeeTcH !l.Ba HHTeYKJIa!l.'IIIKa HHTeH 6
D.ByxllronbHaH TpeXHIITO'lHaH pac- 4HCJlO CTe>KKOB 3000 B MHHY-
nOIllHBaJlbHaH MallillHa C l\lInHH,npIl'IeC- TY. TonlllHHa CIlIHBaeMbIX MaTe-
KOH nnaT4JopMoi'I. npCAHa3Ha'laeTCH pHaJlOB .11.0 4 MM. .D.HaMeTp LlH-
AnH TpHKOTa>KHOil npOMbllll.1eHHOCTH JIHH.'\pa 46,5 MM
OAHoHro.'1bHaH MalllHHa AnH CIlIHBa- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB 110 2300 B MH-
HIIH Mexa. CTpO'lKa - Kpae06MeTO'l- HYTY. TonlllHHa CIlIHBaeMbiX Ma-
HaH, OAHOHIITO'IHaH TcpHanoB .11.0 4 MM
Kpae06MeTO'lHaH lalllHHa p33J1H'I- 411cno CTe>KKOB :1.0 4500 B MH-
IIblX BapHaHTOB HyTY. TonlllHHa CIlIHBaeMbIX Ma-
TepHanOB .11.0 4 MM
TpeXHHTO'lHaH Kpae06MeTOqHaH Ma-
UlIIHa (oBepoK) npeAHa3HaqaeTCH AnH J
TpHKOTa>KHOH npo:\lbllll.1eHHocTH
D.BYXHHTO'lHaH Kpae06MeTO'lHaH Ma-
Ulima (oBepJlOK) npeAHa3HaqaeTCH
A.1H CIliHBaHHH II 06:\leTblBaHHH cpen-
III1X H TOHKIIX TKaHeH, T,JIIKOTa>Ka
.D.BYXHHTo'lHaH KpaeooMeTo'IHaH Ma- 411cno CTe>KKOB .11.0 2100 B MH-
Ulima (oBep.IJOK) 6e3 McxaHH3Ma HO)K3. HYTY. llJllpHHa'llIBa .11.0 10 MM.
BapHaHT OAHOIIIITO'lIIoii MalllllHbl .D..1I1Ha CTC>KKa .11.0 7 MM
8511/3 npeAHa3Ha'faeTcJI AnH CIliH-
Ba.w.1IH KYCKOD TKaHeii B KpacHnbllblx
l..Iexax
.D.Byxl1ronbHaH 'leTDlpeXHHTO'lHaH 411C.10 CTe>KKOB .11.0 4200 B MII-
Kpae06MeTO'lHaH Mallililla. fIpe.'J.Ha3H.a- HYTY. TOJlllllIHa CIlIHBaeMbiX Ma-
'1aeTCH AnH TpIlKOTa>KiwH npoMbIIlI.1eH- TepHanoB ]1.0 5 MM. llJllpllHa IliBa
HOCTII '10 7,4 Mli. PaCCTOJlHHe Me>KAY
HrnaMH 2,4 "1
8520
8603
8607
8610
.. 8611
8630
8632
8515
Ha3HaqeHHe MaWHHhI
DpOllOJI>KelIlie
I KpaTK3H TeXHH'IeCK3H xap3KTepHCTHKa
TpeXHHTO'lHaH kpae06MeTO'lHaH Bbl- lJHe.IJO CTe>KKOB .'1.0 5600 B MII-
COKOCKopOCTHaH MallillHII (oBep.IJOK). HYTY. TonWIIHa CIlIHBaelbIX Ma-
BapllaHT MalllHHbl 8514/50/63 llBYX- TcpHa.10B !l.0 5 ml
nronbHaH '1eTbipeXHHTO'lHaH C paccToH-
HHeM Me>KAY HrJlaMH 2; 3; 4; 5 MM J);.IJH
CTa'lHBallIiH C oAHoBpeMeHHoii OOMeT-
1t0H KpaH
Kpae06MeTO'lHaH ABYXHIITO'lliaH Ma- lJI1CJlO CTe>KKOD ;1.0 1750 B IH-
UlHHa TH>Kenoro Tllna AJiH IlII1TbSl Melll- HYTY. TOJlIllHHa CUHJBaeMblX Ma-
KOB,OAeHJI H KOBpOB TepllaJlOB !l.0 10 :\01. llJI1plllla
IlIBa .11.0 12 MM
nOJlyaBToMaT AJIH BbinonileHHH 6eJlb- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB 2000 B MII-
eBbiX neTeJlb HYTY. .D.Jllma neTJliI 7-38 MM
nOJlyaBToMaT AJIH npHIliHBaHIIH ny- lJllcno CTe>KKOB 1500 B III11Y-
rOBHLl OD.HOHHTO'IHbIMH LlenHbIMH CTe>K- TY
!taMH
nonyaBToMaT AnH H3roToBneHHH 3a- 4HC.10 CTe>KKOB 2000 B MH-
KpenOK H KOpOTKIIX III BOB. CTe>KKH - H}TY
ABYXHHTO'lHbIe qenHOqHble. 4eJlHOK-
Ka'laIOIllHiICH LleHTpanbHO-llInynbHbli'I
4eTblpexrOnOBO'lHbIn BbllllHBaJlbHblH 4Hcno CTe>KKOB 300 B IIIH}TV
aBTOMaT AnH BbllllHBaHHH llIenKOBbl1H
HHTKaMH
llJecTHrOnOBO'lHbln BbIllillBaJlbHblii To >Ke
aBTOMaT AnH BbIIlIHBaHHH llie.1KOBbiMII
HHTKaMH
BbiCOKOCKopocTHaH OAHO- II ABYX- lJIIC.'10 CTC>KKOB 7000 B ""-
HronbHaH Kpae06MeTO'lHaH MalliIlHa. HYTY
BblnycKaeTcH B pa3nH'IHbIX BapHaHTax
n P 11 JI 0 >K E H 11 E IV
KPATKHE TEXHHIJECKHE XAPAKTEPHCTHKU HEKOTOPblX
IllBEnHblX MAIllHH, BbIl1YCKAEMblX B IJCCP
Kn3CC I HaSHaqeHHe MaWHHhI KpaTK3H reXHH'IeCK3H X3paKTepHCTHKa
Maw HHW
311 OAHoHronbHaH AnH BbIMeTO'lHblX pa- 4HCJlO CTe>KKOB 110 1800 B MII-
60T. CTpO'lKa OAHOHHTOqHaH, LlenHaH HYTY. .D.JlHHa CTe>KKa 4,5-9 MM
323-2 .D.ByxHro.1bHaH MalllHH3 .llJlH npHIlIH- 411C.10 CTe>KKOB .'1.0 2400 B
BaHHH MOJllll1ii K TeKCTHJlbHbIM H KO- MlIHYTY
>KaHblM 113ACJlHHM
324 .D.ByxllronbHaH MallillHa C AOnOJlHH- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 2200 B
renbHblM TpaHcnopTepoM, THHYIllHMIl MIIHYTY
ponHKaMII AnH coeAHHeHHH nOHca 6pICK
C BepxHHM KpaeM H co Cnel..lHanbHOii
neHTol1 nOA nOHC
331 01l.HollroJlbHaH AnH Bbmo.1HeHHH 311r- lJHcno CTe>KKOB 11.0 3000 B llH-
aaro06pa3Hoii CTpO'lKH HYTY. llJllpllHa 3Hr3ara ]1.0 10 M1.
To.'1IllHHa CIlIHBaeMblX MaTeplla-
.1CB .11.0 6 MM, KO>KH .11.0 3 MM
4HCJlO CTe>KKOB .11.0 4200
B MHHYTY. TOJlIllHHa CIlIHBae-
MbiX MaTepHaJlOB .11.0 5 MM.
llJHpHHa UlBa .11.0 5 MM
401

f;
Dpo.1.0Jl>KCHHC
n pOAOJl>KeHlie
IKPaTKaR TeXHHqeCKaR XapaKTepHCTHKa
KJlacc
MaWIIHhI
KpaTKaH TeXHHljeCKaR XapaKTepHCTHK3
HaSHaljeHHe MaWHHhI
KJlacc
MilWHHbI
HaSHaqeHHe MaWHHbI
nOJlyaBToMaT AJiH BbInOJlHeHHH 4Ja- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 1200 B MII-
COHHOi'1 CTpO'lKH qenHO'lHbIMH CTe>KKa- HYTY
MH. MalllHHa HMeeT Kacce1Y, B KOTO-
PYIO 3aK.'Ia.'lbIBaeTCH 4JoTonneHKa, cny-
>KalllaH HOCHTeneM HH4JopMaLlHH. MMe-
eT npHcnoc06neHHe AJIH da>KHMa MaTe-
pHaJia H MeXaHH3'M aBTOMaTH'IeCKoro
BbIKJlIO'IeHFlH MalllHHbl noc,'I€. BbinonHe-
HHH UHKna CTe>KKOB
OAHoHronbHaH C npHcnoc06J1eHHeM 4HC,'IO CTe>KKOB ;1.0 2800 B MII-
llnH pa3YTI0>KHBaHHH IlIBa (6pIOK. nH!!.- HYTY. .D.JlHHa CTe>KKa .no 4 MM
>KaKOB, nJlalllei'l)
.D.ByxHronbHaH C BbIK.11O'IaIOIllHMHCH 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 3000 B MII-
HrnaMH. npe.nHa3Ha'laeTCH AJiH IlIHTbH HYTY. PaccToHHHe Me>KAY Hr-
BepxHeH npoH3Bo.ncTBeHHoil. Ii cnopTHB- naMH 3,2-18 MM
HOH OAe>KAbl
OD.HOHrOnbHaH TH>KenOfO THna AJlH 4HCJlO Cre>KKOB 900 B MHHY-
WHTbH 6pe3eHTa. nnaT4JopMa PYKaBHO- TY. TOnll.lHHa CIlIHBaelbIX Ma-
ro THna - TepHaJlOB .11.0 8 MM
.D.ByxHronbHaH C n-06pa3Hoii nnaT- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB OT 3800 .11.0
4JOPMOH. CTpO'lKH uenHbIe ABYXHHTO'l- 4300 B MHHYTY (B 3aBHCHMOCTil
HbIe. BbmycKaeTcH OT.ne.1bHbIMH Ba- OT BapHaHTa MaIllHHbl)
pHaHTaMH C paccToHHHeM Me >KAY Hr-
JlaMA 3,2; 4,8; 6,4; 8 MM
nonyaBToMaT AnH H3rOTOBneHHH ne- 4HCJlO CTe>KKOB 1500 B MHHY-
TeJlb C rna3KOM Ha BepxHeil o,ne>KAe. Ti. .D.nHHa neTnH 13-40 MM
BapHaHT MalllHHbl 62761/J:3Z Bbinon-
HHeT neTJlH C nOnepeqHbIMH 3aKpenKa-
MH
nonyaBToMaT .nnH IlIHTbH
MY>KCKHX COpOqeK
01274
OJ,HOHro.1bHaH AnH BbmonHeHHH 4JH- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 2400 B MH-
fypHbIX CTpO'leK HYTY. lllllpHHa Y30pa 3-15 IM
OJlHOHrOnbHaH JlJIH BbInG,1HeHHH 3Hf- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 3500 B MH-
aafo06pa3Hoi'1 CTpO'lKH HYTY. lllllpHHa 3Hr3ara .11.0 10 MM
3Hr3ar-MalllHHa !!.JlH IlIHTbH CpCAHHX 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 4000 B :\IH-
H TH>KeJlbIX TKaHeH H}TY. lllHpHHa 3Hf3ara .11.0 10 M)!
3Hr3ar-MalllHHa AnH BbmO.1HeHIIH OT- 4HC.10 CTe>KKOB JlO 3500 B !Io1II-
Ae.10'IHbIX CTpO'leK pa3J1H'IHbIMIi PH- H}'TY. lllHpHHa pHcYHKa 2-10 MM
cyHKaMIi
3Hr3ar-MalllHHa AnH npHIlIHBaHHH 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .no 4000 B MH-
KpY>KeB C 06pe3Koil TKaHH nOA Kpy>Ke- HYTY. lllHpHHa 3Hf3ara .no 4 MM
BaMH
lJ,ByxHronbHaH JleBopYKIiBHaH
06YBHOii npOMbiIlIJleHHOCTf\
333
335
335-121
336
3212
3213
. 4211
62121
337
AnH 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 2400 B MH-
HYTy. .D.HaMeTp uHnHHApa nnaT-
4JOPMbI 72 MM
.D.ByxHronbHaH C BepxHHM ABHraTe- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB 2600 B MIIHY-
JleM TKaHH AnH nOJlIllHBKH HH3a 6p1OK. TY. PaccToHHHe Me>KAY HrnaMH
n.1aT4JopMa PYKaBHoro Tlina 10 MM
OAHOHrOJlbHaH, KOJlOHKOBaH AnH 4acToTa BpallleHHH .11.0 2800
IlIHTbH Bepxa 06YBH. HaKJloHHbIii HO>K 06/MHH. nOAaqa pO.'IHKOBaH
OAHoHronbHaH KonOHKOBaH, I1pHMe- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .11.0 2800 B MH-
HHeTCH B 06YBHOii npoMbllllneHHocTH HYTY. .D.nHHa CTe>KKa .11.0 3,5 MM
AnH CIlIHBaHHH 3a.nHHKOB H .nPYrHX one-
paLlHii
)XByxHronbHaH KOJlOHKOBaH
IlII1TbH TKaHeii H TOHKOii KO>KH
423
428
521
522
62761
llnH 4Hcno CTe>KKOB :1.0 2800 B MH-
HYTY. PaccToHHHe Me>KAY HrJlaMH
0,8-27 MM
OnHoHronbHaH C MexaHH3MOM 06pe- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB .no 2500 B MH-
3aHHH KpaH 3arOTOBKH 06YBH HYTY. PaccToHHHe KpaH 06pe3-
KII OT CTpO'lKH 2-5 MM
nonyaBToMaT .nJlH H3rOTOBneHHH 4HCJlO CTe>KKOB .11.0 3000 B MH-
npHMblx neTeJlb Ha 6enbe H pa60'leii HYTY. .D.nHHa neTnH 9-30 MM
OAe>KAe. CTpO'lKa OAHOHH10qHaH, Llen-
HaH
.D.JlH CIlIHBaHHH nanbllen
nep'laTOK .nBYXHHTO'lHbIMIl
CTe>KKaMH
nO.1yaBToMaT A.1H H3fOTOBJleHHH nc- 4ncno CTe>KKOB .11.0 2000 B MH-
Te'lb Ha 6eJlbe H pa60'lei'1 o!!.e>K.'le. H}'TY, .D..1HHa neT.'IH 6-38 MM
CTpO'lKa ABYXHHTo'IHaH lIe.1110'IHaH
nO.1yaBToMaT A.1H IIdrOTOB,1eHHH 4l1c.'Io CTe>KKOB JJ:O 2000 B MH-
npHMblx neTe,1b C KapKacHoi'l HHTKoil H}TY. .D.JlHHa neT.'1H 6-38 M:l-I
O,nHoHrOJlbHaH C BepXHli;l-1 ABJlraTe- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB 700--;-900 B
JleM TKaHH AnH IlIHTbH THiKe,1b1X 1i3.ne- MHHYTY. TonlllllHa CIlIHBaeMbiX
JlHii (nanaToK, 6pe3eHTa) I/ITepHa.'IOB .11.0 8 MM
OJ,HoHronbHaH C BepxHHM ABllraTe- 4HCJlO CTe>KKOB 2700 B MHHY-
.1eM TKaHH; n.lJaT4JopMa PYKaBHoro TH- TY
na; npe,nHa3Ha'leHa AJIH OKaHTOBKIl 3a-
fOTOBOK 06YBH, TeKCTHJlbHblX 1I.1H Boil-
JlOqHbIX MaTepHanoB
.D.ByxHronbHaH C BepxHHM Ii
ABHraTe.1HMH TKaHH .
523
523-2
MaH>KeT 4HC.'10 CTe>KKOB 3200 B MHHY-
TY. BpeMH H3rOTOB,1eHliH o!!.Hoii
MaH>KeTbI 6 C
nOJlyaBToMaT .nnH IlIHTbfl BOPOTHHq- 4Hcno CTe>KKOB 3200 B MHHY-
KOB MY>KCKHX COpO'leK TY. BpeMH H3rOTOBneHliH O:1.HOrO
BOPOTHHqKa I I C
O.nHoHro.1bHaH 6bICTpoxoAHaH, no- 4acToTa Bpall.lCHIfH .11.0 5200
Aa'la MaTepHana peiiKoii H HrJlOH AnH 06/MHH. TonlllHHa CIlIHBaeMbiX
CIlIHBaHHH nerKHX H cpeAHHx TKaHeii. MaTepHanOB .11.0 4 MM
CMa3Ka LleHTpanH30BaHHaH 4JHTHnbHaH
OAHoHronbHaH 6bICTpoxoAHaH A.1H 4acToTa BpallleHHH no 5000
CIlIHBaHHH cpeAHHX H TonCTbIX TKaHeil. 06/MHH. TOJlIllHHa CIlIHBaeMbiX
nOAa'la MaTepHaJlOB peHKoH H Hrnoil MaTepHanOB .11.0 6 MM
OnHOIlronbHaH 6bICTpoxo.nHaH C AH4J- 4acToTa BpallleHHH.no 4800
4JepeHLlHanbHoi'l no.na'leii MaTepHana 06/MHH.. TOnll.lHHa CIlIHBaelbIX
MaTepHaJlOB .no 4 MM
OAHOHrOJlbHaH 6blCTpoxoAilaH C HO- 4acToTa BpalllellHH .11.0 4500
>KOM AnH 06pe3KH KpOMKIi MaTepHana 06fMHH_ lllllpHHa KpO!iolKH 3,2; 5;
6,5 H 9 MM
.D.BYXHro.1bHaH AnSI IlIHTbH 3arOTO- 4aCTOTa BpalllellHH .11.0 3500
BOK 06YBH 06fMHH
nA TllI-006
i
nA TllI-Oll
72104
72105
72106
72109
72204-101
811
KO>KaHbIX 4HC.'IO CTe>KKOB .11.0 1100 B MH-
uenHblf11 HYTY
o 1168/P3
011791Pl
o 1179/P2
0l258/P4
o III 8
.11.0 2500
CTe>KKa
HH>KHIII 4HC.'10 CTe>KKOB
IIIHYTY. .D.n Hli a
3,3 MM
01I81
B
.no
409
408

n
pOAOn>KCHHC
Knaee I
MaW HHbI Ha3HaIJeHHe MaWHHhI KpaTKaH TeXHHljeCK3H xapaKTepHCTHKa
72207 .lJ.ByxHro.1bHaH JWH IlIHTbH TKaHci!. YaCTOTa
Bpall.lCHHH .11.0 4200
nCpe!"ellleHHe MaTepllana pei'IKoii H 06/MIIH TonlllHHa CIlIHBaeMbiX
III' JlOH MaTcpHanOB .11.0 6 MM. PaCCTOH-
lII1e MC>KAY HrJla\1H OT 3 .11.0
72520 3l1r3ar-l\!aWHHa 40 !11M
6bICTpOXO!l.Ha H AnI! YaCToTa BpalllCHHH AO 4200
I BbmonHeHHH OTAenO'IHbIX C1 pO'leK (KY- 06/MHH
.1a'lKII AnH CTpO'leK CMCHHbIC)
npI1JIO)l(EHI1E V
KPATKHE TEXHHLJECI(HE XAPAKTEPHCTHI(H HEI(OTOPblX
IllBEnHblX MAIllHH, BbInYCI(AEMblX B BHP
K,laee
Ma ill ""hi
Ha3HaIJeHHe MaWHHhI
'-IHeno CTe>KKOB B MHHYTY
600
nonyaBToMaT OAHOHHTO'lHOrO enHO- 1500
ro cre>KKa AnH npHIliHBaHHH nyroBHLl
C !lBYMH, qCTblpbMI! oTBepc1 HH!IIH. BbI-
nycKaIoTcH pa3J1H'IHbie BapHaHTbi nony-
aBTOMaTOB ,nnH npHIliHBaHIIH 4JYPHHTY-
pbI: KPIOqKOB, neTenb, npH>KCK, KHonOK
nonyaBToMaT OAHOHHTo'lIIoro LlenHO- 1000
1'0 CTe>KKa AnH npHIlIHBaHIlJi nyroBH
 18 MM C oAHoBpeMeHHofi 06BHBKOii
HO>KKH
.lJ.nH B',:mo:'1HeHHH nOJlIllI1BO'lHblX pa- .lJ.0 3500
60T nOTaHHOH O.nHOHHTO'IHOi'f CTPO'iKOil.
BbmycKacTcH B pa3nH'IHbIX BapHaHTax
nO.'lIllHBo'IHaH MalliliHa AnH :IIexoBoii .lJ.0 3500
npO!llbillinCHHocTII
600-36H
761
780

cnHCOK J1HTEPATYPbl
I
"
I. ApxHnoB H. H., Py6LloB 6. A. JIa60paTopIlbIII npaKTliKY!ll no KYpCY «MaIliIllIb'
II annapaTbl IliBei'lHoro npoH3BoAcTBa». M., «JIcrKaH HHAYCTpIlH», 172, 255 c.
2. AJlHHCKHii J1. M. JIa60paTopHbIi'1 npaKTHKYM no 060pYAoBaHI-I1O H MexaHII3aLlIlit
IlIBeiiHOro npoH3BoAcTBa. M., «JIerKaH HIIAYCTpHH», 1973, 118 c.
3. 6pO.ll.HrHH B. r., PblwKoBa H. B. ABToMaTH311poBaHlIbIii 3neKTpOnpHl30,il. lliuciillbiX
arpcraToB 3a py6e>KOM. M., l1HHHT311.lJernHIllCMalli, 1971, 42 c.
4. Banbll.lHKoB H. M., 3aiiLleB 6. A., BanblllHKoB 10. H. PaC'IeT H npoeKTllpoBalllle-
MalliHII IliBellHoro npoIl3Bo.ncTBa. JI., «MaIliHllocTpoeHlle», 1973, 344 c,
5. BepHHK A. M., HcaeB B. B. lllBeiiHbie MalllHHbI 4JHPMbi «lvhlHepB:!» [-I MaIliIl!l
4JHpMbi «naHHoHHH». M., «JIerKaH HHAYCTpHH», 1967,82 c.
6. J].pmloKHH B. H. YCTpoiicTBa AnH aBTOMaTH'IeCKOrO OCTaHOBa H AOBO.nJ\H Hrnbl .11.0
3a,naHHoro nOnO>KeHHH K IlIBellllbiM MaIliIlHaM. 1\1., UHI1I1T311.lJernpoM, 1968, ce-
pHH VIII, HH4JopMauHH 5, 27 c.
7 3aK H. c., J1e'lHuKHii B. H., 6a6a.n>KaHOB C. r npHcnoc06J1eHHH H arperaTHbIe
Y3nbi K IlIBei'lIIbIM MaIliIlHaM. M., «JIerKaH HHAYCTPHH», 1970, 181 c.
8. 3aK H. C. CpeAcTBa aBTOMaTH3aUIIH IlIBCi'lIIbiX onepallHii, npmleHHc:\lbie 3a py6e-
>KOM. M., UI1HTI1, 1966, 63 c.
9. 3aK H. C. nplicnoc06J1eHHH K IlIBeiiHblM MalllHHaM, npHMeHHe:\lbie 3a py6ei1iOM_
M., UI1HTI1, 1966, 28 c.
10. HcaeB B. B., cJ>paHLl B. 51. YCTpOIicTBO, pa60Ta, Hana,nKa II peIOIiT IlIBei!HblX
MaIllHH. M., «JJerKaH HHAyCTpHH», 1966,203 c.
II. KanycTHH H. H. PaC'ICT H KOHcTpylipoBaHHe 06YBllbiX MaWIlII. .1\\., rll3ncrnpoM.
1956, 507 c.
12. K03noB B. n. nepcneKTHBa pa3BIITHH IlIBeilHOro 060pY!l.OBaIllIH. M., ..JJerKaH IIH-
AYCTpHI!», 1972, 71 c.
13. K03noB B. n. I1rJlbI IliBeilHblx H 06YBHbiX MaIliIiH. 1\1., POCTeXH3,i1.aT, 1960, 160 c.
14. KOMHccapoB A. H., CTOpO>KeB B. B. YenHOqHble YCTpoiicTBa H Mexalill3Mbi IliBeH.
HbiX MalliIiH. M., MTI1JIn, 1961, 31 c.
15. KOCTHLlblH B. T. HaTH>KeHHe IIHTH, OrH6alOlllei'f LlHnllIlAP C TpelllleJII 0 TopLloBbie
nnOCKOCTH 4JnaHucB. MTI1JIn, c6. 7 M., fH3J1ernpOM, 1956, CTp'. 156-161.
16. MapaKyrueB E. A., 06ne30B A. H., CactJpoHoBa H. B. CKopocTllaH CTfPIIIBalOlllaH
IlIBellIlaH MalliHlla 97-ro KJlaCCa n1\\3. M., fll3nernpml, 1959, 71 c.
17 MapaKyrucB E. A., 06ne30B A. H., .D.onHH A. E. lllBellHaH MalliliHa 205-ro Knac-
ca nM3 .nnH CTa'lHBallllH TKaHeii C nOCa.'lKoH. 1\1., PocTexII3AaT, 1960, 72 c.
18. MapaKyrueB E. A., 06nc30H A. H., Ca4JpoHoBa H. B. lllBeiillaH MalllH;la 204-ro
Knacca nM3 AnH BbiMeTblBaHIiH npHJllbiX neTenb Ha 6enbc. M., PocTexII3AaT,
1960, 89 c.
19. MapaKywcB E. .A., 06ne30B A. H., CactJpoHoBa H. B. MalIIHHa 202-ro K.1acca
11M3 AnI! BTa'IHBaIlIlH pYKaBa B npoii\lY. M., rll3nernpo:\I, 1959, 76 c.
20. nonyxHH B. n. npoeKTHpoBaHHe McxallH3MOB IlIBelIll0-06MeTo'lHbIX Malllllll. 1\1.,
«MaIliIlHocTpoemle», 1972, 280 c.
21. npHMcHeHHe HOlJbIX npOMbilliJleHHbiX WBeHlIbiX MaUlHH. 1\1., UHIHIT3I1.'1ernpoM.
1972, 64 C. ABT.. B. A. 5l6noKoB, 11 K. rOpOXOB, E. E. <1>pclmepT, K. H. K06-
neB, B. 11. MaMblKHH.
411

22. PycaKoB C. H., CepreBHHH H. B., 3nneJlb C. C. 060PY.lI.OBaHHe mBeiiHblx 4Ja6-
pHK. M., rH3.1ernpoM, 1955,464 c.
23. PycaKoB C. H. TeXHOnOrHH MalllHHHbIX CTe>KKOB H HanaAKa IlIBeiilIbIx MaIliHII.
M., fH3.'1ernpOM, 1959,334 c.
24. PycaKoB C. H. 060pyAoBaHile IlIBeilHblx npeAnpllHTlIl1. 1'1., fH3.1ernpOM, 1956,
250 c.
25. TexHonorHH IlIBeiiHOro npoH3BoAcTBa. M., PocTexII3AaT, 1961, 7"71 c. ABT..
C. H. PycaKoB, f JI. TpyxaH, C. C. 3nnenb, B. H. nonKoB.
26. cJ>nepoBa J1. H., lllectJep B. A. WBellHble MaWHHbI TpHKOTa>KHOrO IIpOH3BOJlCTBa.
rH3nernpoM, 1954, 168 c.
27 lJepBHKoB cJ>. H., CYMapoKoB H. B. WBellHble MalllIIHb!. M., «l\1aIllHHocTpoeHHe»,
1968, 472 c.
28. lJepBHKoB cJ>. H. nYTH paLlHoHanbHoro Bbl60pa '1eJ\HOtIHOro YCTpoiicTBa. 1\1.,
«JIerKaH npOMblIllJleHHocTb», 1953, ,Nq 7, c. 23-26, 1953, ,Nq 10, c. 34-37.
29. IJepBHKoB cJ>. H. 0 HanpaBJleHHH BpallleHHH '1enHOKa II rnaBHoro Bana B 3Hr3ar.
MaIllHHe. 1'1., «JIerKaH npOMbIllIneHHOCTb», 1951, Nq 4, 45 c.
-30. IJepBHKoB cJ>. H. neTeJ\bHaH MalllHHa 25-A H 25-ro KnaCCOB. 1'1., rH3nernpoM,
1954, 84 c.
\
I
rJlaoa
rJlaBa
rJlaBa
fJlaBa
fJlaBa
fnl1l8
f ,'I a 08
OfJ1ABJ1EHHE
Pa3AeJi nepBblii
'-IEJlHO'-lHbIE llIBEPlHblE MAllIHHbI
I. 061llHe CBeAeHHH 0 IllBeiiHblX MalllHHax
II. npHHLlHfI pa60Tbi 'IenHOqHblX IllBeiiHblX MalllHH H JlX MexaHH3MbI
III HrJla IllBeiiHoii MalllHHbl H ee Ha3Ha'leHHe
I. npOKOJl MaTepHaJla
2. Cnoc06bl 60pb6bl C HarpeBaHHeM HrJl B npolJ,ccce IlIH1bH
3. npoBeAeHHe Hrnoii BepxHei'1 HHTKH qepe3 MarepHaJl
4. 06pa30BaHHe. neTJlH Y YIliKa HrJlbl .
5. OnpeAeneHHe AJlHHbl Hrnbl H BenHqHHbI ee xo,na
6. YCTauoBKa H cnoc06bl KpenneHIIH Hrnbl B Hr.10BOllHTeJ\e
IV YCTpoiicTBO MexaHH3MOB Hrnbl B IllBeiiHblX MalllHHax
1. Ha3HaqeHHe MexaHH3MOB .
2. MexaHH3M HrJlbl MalllHHbI 4-ro KJlacca n1'13
3. 1'1exaHH3M HrJlbl MalllHHbl 22-A KJlaCCa nM3
4. MexaHH3M Hrnbl MalllHHbI 252-ro Knacca nM3
5. 1'1exa'HH3M HrJlbl MaIllH.H 36 H 236-ro KJlaCCOB nM3
6. 1'1exaHH3M Hrnbl MalllHHbl 97-ro KJlaCCa
V. MexaHH3Mbi 'IeJlHOKOB IllBeiiHblX MalllHH
I. Ha3HaqeHHe MexaHH3MOB. . . .
2. l.JeJiHO'lHble YCTpoi'lcTBa C B03BpaTHo-nOBopOTHbiM ABH>Ke-
HHeM qeJlHOKa
3. 1'1exaHH3M KaqalOlllerOCH qenHOKa
4. l.JeJlHO'lHble YCTpoiicTBa C BpalllalOlllHMHcH 'IeJ\HOKaMH (po-
TaLlHoHHble) .
5. l.JeJ\HOqHble YCTpoHcTBa nepBoi rpynnbI
6. l.JenHO'lHble YCTpoHcTBa BTOpOH rpynnbl
7. .D.onOJlHHTeJ\bHble CBeAeHHH 0 '1eJJHOqHblX YCTpoiicTBax
8. Bbl60p KpYTKH BepxHei'1 HHTKH. ...
9. 1'1exaHH3M nepeAa'lH JlBH>KeHHH K BpamalOlllHMCH 'IeJ\HO-
YI,, Me:::H3M'bl HHenpH'THrHaTeneii BeA"bI MIllH "
I. Ha3Ha'leHHe MexaHH3MOB
2. YCtPOi'ICTBO - MexaHH3MOB
3. PerynH'(opbl HaTH>KeHHH HHTOK
VIrJ '\\exaHH3MbI nepeMellleHHH MaTepHaJia IllBeiiHblX MaWHH (TpaH-
cnopTepbl)
CTp.
3
8
13
16
19
22
24
27
30
33
33
38
39
40
41
43
44
44
47
53
58
61
69
73
87
103
108
108
III
122
125
413

I. IIa31laJJeHilc MexaHII3Mon
2. YCTpoi'lcTno MeX311H3MOB
r naB a VIII. IJeJiHO'lHble wBeiiHble MaWHllbl yHIIBepc3J1bHOro AeiicTBIIJI
I. MalliliHa 22-A Knacca
2. .\1aIliHHa 22-B Knacca .
3. MalliHHa 1022'ro K,1acca 03JIM
4. MallillHa 97-ro Knacca 03JIM
5. MalliHHa 97-A Knacca 03JIM
6. Mallilllla 297-ro K.'1aCCa 03JIM
7 MalliHHa 202-ro Knacca nM3
8. MallillHa 302-ro Knacca nM3
9. Mallilllla 397-ro K.1acca 03JIM
10. MalliHIIa 597-M Knacca 03JIM
II. MallillIla 697-ro K.1acca 03JIM
12. MalliHIIa 997-ro KJlacca 03JI.1\1
lB. MalliHIIa Knacca 8332 4JIIPMbl «TeKcTHMa» r.D.p
14. MallillHa 862-ro Knacca nM3
15. .D.n}'xllroJlbHaH MalliHlla 852-ro KJlacca nM3
16. .lInyxlfrOJlbll3H MaUIII1I3 KJlacca 852X38
17 }lnyxHro,1bllaH IliBeiilfaH MallillHa 203-M Knacca nM3 c
OTKJIIO'laIOIllHMHCH IfrnaMIl
18. .D.ByxHronbHaH Mallilllla 803-ro Knacca c OTKJlIO'IaIOIllHMH-
CH HrnaMH
r n a I:! a IX. IllBeiiHble MaWHHbI, BbmonHHlOlllHC 3Hr3aroo6pa3Hbie CTpO'lKH
I. Oc06eHHocTH pa60Tbi "a Ili III I
2. 311f3ar MalliHHa 26-ro K.'13CCa ni\13
3. MallillHa 75-ro Knacea nM3
4. 3Hr3ar MallillHa 335-ro Knacca 4JHp:\lbl «MHHepBa»
5. 3Hr3ar MalliHHa 418-ro KJlaCCa 4JHpMbI «n4Ja4J4J»
r ,1 a B a X. IJenHO'lHble wBeiiHble MaWHHbI-nonyaBToMaTbl
I. ',''I-\alliHHa !)..1H nplllliHBaHHH 4JYPHHTYPbl H H3roToBneHHH 38-
l<penOK
2. MalllHHa AnH nplillillBallHH nyroBIfLl 27-ro K,1acca nM3
3. 3aKpeno t IHaH Mallllllia 220-M KJlaCea 03JI1\1
4. neTeJJbllaH MlllUIllIa 25-A K.1aeea nM3
Pa311eJl BTOpoA
llIBEIllIblE MAllIHlIbl .n:.'l5I UEnHblx CTPO'-lEI<.
r JI a n a '<I. IllBeiiHble MaWHHbI, BbmOJlHJllOlllHe LlenHble CTpO'IKH 252
I. Ha3Ha t feHile :\lal1l11H II npHHLllln HX pa60Tbi 252
2. nplllfLlHn oupa30BalllfH l1enHbIX CTe>KlmR 253
r .1 a B a All. YeTpoiieTBo wBeiiHblX MaWHH, BbinOnHHlOlI.IHX LlenHble CTpO'lKII 271
l. ,\\allllIlfa 28-ro KJlaeCa nl\13 271
2. .\\allilflfa .lI.BYXIIIITO'llfOrO CTe>KIill 38-ro K.13cea nM3 272
3. n.10e!\01lJ0BHaH MalllHlfa 76-A Knacca nM:i 274
4. n.10eI<OlIloBIIaJl MaIIllII1/I 876-ro KJlaCea nl'13 275
5. Kpapou:\leTO'lHaJi MallilfHa ;,1-ro K.1acca nM3 281
6. Kpaeo6MeTO'lH3H M31li1/1I3 208-ro k.1acca nM3 286
7 J..{ByxllroJibIlaq Kpaeou:\leTO'lllaH MallilllIa 308-ro KJlae'8
P3JI,' 1 2:10
8: ,l],b\XHrOJlbllaJi I1JBeIIlI0-06MeTO'lHaH :\-1 a III 1/11 a -108-ro I<JlaCCa
P3J1.\\ 291
9. KpaeoOI\!CrO'lHaH MalliHHa 1208-ro K.'1aCCa P3.TJM 293
10. Kpae06MeTollHaH MallillHa 246-K Knacca 4Jl!plbi «3HHrep» 293
'114
CTp.
125
136
!48
I'H
151
133
157
163
165
171
175
178
180
182
183
190
195
199
199
201
205
207
207
213
216
218
220
224
224
224
229
232
{
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"
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.
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:
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.-
.
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-.'
CTp.
«
II. /llauJlllla 77-ro KJlacca Mn3 .D:JIH CllifllJalIllH IlICpCTHIILIX
TKaHci'1 BCTbIK 295
12. nO.D:WIIBOIJHaH MaWII1I3 85-ro KJlaCCa n_'13 98
r n G B a AlII MaIllHHbl-IIOJlyaBToMaTbl, BbmonHHlOlLlHC UCllllbie CTpO'lKH 305
I. nOJlyaBTo:l-iaT 811-ro KJlaCCa 4JHPMbl «i\ll1l1epBa» AnH H3ro-
TOBJleHHH neTMb Ha 6eJIbe '105
2. nOJlyaBToMaT 95-ro Knacca AnH npHlIIIIIJI\H nyroBHll 332
3. nonyaBToMaT 295-ro K.'111Cell A,1J1 npllllilfBK/I nyroBiIIl 336
4. neTeJlbHaH MalllHHa 62761-ro KJlaCCa 4JIIPMbl «1\1/1UepBa» 344
r .1 a B a XIV 3KcnnynaLlIIH IllBeiiHblx MalllHH -366
I. nplfcnoc06J1eHHH K lliueiiHblM MalliHHaM 366
2. HenonaAK/I B pa60Te IlIBeilIlbiX MaIliH/I 3fi9
n p"JlO)l{eHHH:
I. Kn accH 4J/lKaLlIIH CTpO'leK 378
I L TeXHH'IeCKHe xapaKTepHCT/lKIf OCHOBHbIX KJlaCCOB IlIBeilIlblx
MalliHIl, BbmycKae:l-lbIx B CCCP . 382
III. KpaTlme TeXHH'IeCKHe xapaKTepHcTHKU HeKoTopblX IlIBei'l-
HbiX MalllHH, BbmycKaeMblx B r.D.p 406
IV KpaTK/le TeXHH'IeCKHe xapaKTepHCTIlK/I IIt'KOTCpbIX IlIBeif-
HbiX MalllHH, BbillycKaeMblx B 4CCP 407
V. KpaTKue TeXHH'IeCKHe xapaKTepllcTHKII neKoTopblX III Beil-
HblX MallillH, BbmycKaeMbix B B HP 410
CnHCOK nHTepaTypbl 4 I1
II
I


cJ>eAOp "BaHOBH'I IJepBHKoB
AHaTOnHH AHApeeBH'I HHKOnaeHKO
IllBEnHblE MAIll"Hbl
Pe.naKTOp H3AaTenbCTBa 10. M. Kawy6a, E. A. naXOnKOBa
TeXHHlleCKHe peAaKTOpbI A. cJ>. YBapOBa, JI. A. MaKapOBa H E. n. CMHpHOBa
KOppeKTOp B. A. Bopo6beBa
nepenneT XYAO>KHHKa E.. r. llly6eHl.loBa
CAaHO B Ha60p 12/IV 1976 r. nOAnHcaHo K ne'laTH 5/VII 1976 r. T-06769
<1>opMaT 60X90 I iI6. 6YMara THnorpa4JcKaH ,Nq 2. Yc.'1. nell. n. 26.
Y'I.-H3A. n. 28,5 THpa>K 25000 3K3. 3aKa3 570 UeHa 1 p. 57 K.
l-b;l.aTenbCTBO «MawHHocTpOeHHe», 107885, MocKBa 6-78, I-H 6aclaHHbli'1 nep., i>.
MOCKOBCKaH THnorpa4JHH ,Nq 8 COlO3nonHrpa4JnpoMa
npH rOCY;l.apCTBeHHoM KOMliTeTe COBeTa MHHIICTpOB CCCP
no AenaM H3AaTenbCTB, nonHrpa4JHH H KHII>KHOH ToproBnH,
XOX.'10BCKH.H nep., 7.