ǫȍȖȘȋȐȑ
ǿǻdzDzǶǪ
ǴǭǸǺǪȃDZ
Ǯǭǵǰǽ
ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǫ. ǰ.
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ: ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ — ǩ Ȕ: Salamand-
ra P.V.V., 2021. — 250 ș Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris: ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ CCCXCIV).
ǪȐȌȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȥȚ
ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ȔȍȔțȈȘȐșȚ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȖȊ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ țȟȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ©ȔȐșȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȔ ȈȕȈȘȝȐȏȔȍª Ȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ǩ ǨȝȔȈȚȖȊȖȑ Ȑ dz Ǭ ǩȓȖȒ —
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȊȕȖ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ǫ ǰ ǿțȓ-
ȒȖȊȈ -
 Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȔȐ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȣ — ȖȚ ȘȈȕȕȐȝ țȓȤȚȘȈ-șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚșȒȐȝ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘ
ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓȖȒ ©ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣª ǰȈȒȖȊȈ ǪȖȘȈȋȐȕșȒȖ-
ȋȖ Ǫ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȞȐȒȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ ȓȦ-
Ȍȧȝ ȊȖȓȍȑ șțȌȍȉ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȋțȡȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȑ
XVIII-XX ȊȊ
© Salamandra P.V.V., șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2021

ǺdzǾȀǰȉǷ
ǴdzǻǶȃ

7
ǸǼǹǼǻǻȉ
ǹȐȐ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
ȒȚȖ Ȑ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ"
ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȊ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ  ȋȓ  șȚ
ǵȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ș ȒȖȘȐȕȜșȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ǩ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ǷȖȟȍȔț
ȊȍȍȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȗȘȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ"
ǰ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȐ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȤȔȈ"
Ǩȝ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚ
ȒȊȍȘȝț ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ ȏȣȉȓȦȚșȧ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȖȌȍȎ-
Ȍȣ Ȑȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȘțșȈ
ǰ Ȕȣ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȔ Ȗ ȉȍȓȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȟȈȑȒȈȝ
DzȘȖȊȈȊȖ-ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȉȍȏȌȕ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȡȐȚȣ
Ǩ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑ
ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȉȖȋț șȒȘȣȊȠȍȔț ȓȐȞȖ șȊȖȍ
DzȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ DzțȌȘȧȊȣȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȍȓȐ ș ȓȐȓȐȧȔȐ ǷȖ-
ȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȍ țșȚȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ǰ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȐ«
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȑ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȖ-ȈȓȍȉȈșȚȘȖȊȖȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ ȗțȝȓȈȧ ȠȍȑȒȈ Șȍȉȍȕ-
ȒȈ Ǫșȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȓȖșȤ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȑ ȖșȚȖȊ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ țȗȘțȋȈȧ ȓȐ-
ȕȐȧ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȒțȌȘȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ-șȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȍ
ȚȍȓȈ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ«
Ǩ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚ
ȒȊȍȘȝț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ Ȑȝ ȏȣȉȓȦȚșȧ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ

8
ǿǹǼǰǼ
dzȦȌȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ǺȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȋȘțȉȣȔȐ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȣȔȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ
șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȎț ș ȒȐșȚȍȑ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘțȚȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚȈȒ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ Ȑ ȓȍȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȊȖȏȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȐȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȕțȦ șȊȧȏȤ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ș șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
ȕȈ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȝ Țțȗȣȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ șȊȐȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈȟȍȘȟȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉțȒ-
Ȋȣ Ȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ
— ǿȐȚȈȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ
ǰ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȧ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ șȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ Ȑȝ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ
ȜȖȘȔțȓȣ ǵȖ ȜȖȘȔțȓȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȓȐșȤ ȚȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȐȉȖ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȜȖȘȔțȓȣ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
Ǩ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐ
— ǿȐȚȈȑ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȐȚȈȑ — Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȐȏȌȍȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ țȔȘȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȐȔ
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȘțȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ ȧ ȘȈȏȖ-
ȘȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȊȈȠȐ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ șȊȐȚȒȐ ȧ ȉȣ ȐșȚȖȗȚȈȓ Ȑȝ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ǶȚ ȕȐȝ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
dzȦȌȐ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊ șȊȖȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȘȚȣ ș
ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ ȉȍȓȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȥȚț
ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ǵȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȒȊȈȌȘȈ-
Țȣ Ȉ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ șȈ-
ȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ șȣȚȣȑ
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ǶȕȐ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ

9
— ǵȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ǵȍȋȖ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȍșȚȤ
ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȣ
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠț ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ Ȑ țȉȤȦ Ȑȝ ȖȕȐ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ țȏȓȣ ȊȍȘȍ-
ȊȖȒ ȌȈȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȐ ȔȖȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ș ȠțȘȠȈȡȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȇ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȉȕȐ ȋȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȗȐȘȈȓȐșȤ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ǫ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȝ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ǯȖȓȖȚȣȍ ǴȍȌȊȍȌȐȞȣ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȖ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ — Ȑ ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ ǴȈȓȈȧ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ǯȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȑ ȓȍș ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ȒȘȐȒȐ ȒțȒțȠȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȖȚȏȊțȒȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȚȖȕȣ șȖȊȣ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȊȖȗȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ«
ǵȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȊȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȑȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȇ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ
dzȦȌȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȔȖȍ șȔțȡȍȕȤȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǿȍȋȖ Țȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ" ȅȚȖ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ țȚȖȗȐȓȐ
ǹȓȖȊȖ
— ȇ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ — ȧ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ
Ƕ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤ
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ — ǶȚ-
ȌȈȑȚȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ ǶȚȌȈȑȚȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ
ǰ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȥȝȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȖ
— ǹȓȖȊȖ ǹȓȖȊȖ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȐșȤ
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ Ǻȣ ȕȈȐȊȍȕ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȊȠȐșȤ
— ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ǹȓȖȊȍ Ȕȣ ȉȘȖșȐȔ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ
ȖȏȍȘȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǰ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȉȖȧȏȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ Ȉ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȖȚȟȈȧ-

10
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ǰ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȧ țȌȈȘȐȓ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț ș ȒȘȐȊȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ǰ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ șȓȍȌ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ǵȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ǰ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȦȏȕȐȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ ǶȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ Ȑȝ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȍ
ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǰ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȊ Ȑȝ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȓ ȖȏȍȘț Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȔȖȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț
Ȑ ȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȌȐȘȈȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
Ǫ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȐșȗȈȟȒȈȓșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȒȖ-
ȓȣȝȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ǹȚȖȕȈȓ ȔȖȏȋ Ǩ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȎȈȓ
Ǩ șȏȈȌȐ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȊȐȏȋ
— ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ǰ șȗȘȈȊȈ șȓȍȊȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȕȍȔȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
DzȈȔȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ Ȑ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ" — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȍȉȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȋȘȖȉȣ
ǰ ȧ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ ǫȘȖȉȣ ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ ȒțȓȈȒȐ Ȓ ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȤ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǴȖȐ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈ-
ȓȐ
— ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ǫșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
Ǩ șȊȍȘȝț ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȋȐȔȕ ǷȍȓȐ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǰ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȗȍȓ ȥȜȐȘ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȟț ȕȍ ȝȖȟț — ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǰ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ȕȈȌ țȝȖȔ
— Ǫȏ-Ȋȏ« ǵȈȏȈȌ ȕȈȏȈȌ« Ǫȏ-Ȋȏ«
Ǩ șȏȈȌȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ȊȐȏȋ

— ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȋțșȚȖȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ Ƞȍȗ-
ȚȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȝȖ
— ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈș ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȚ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȚ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ, Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȍȘȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȠțȘȠȈȓȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ, —
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȍșȧȞ
— Ǫșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ǫșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
Ǩ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȋțșȚȖȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȍ ǰ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǹȓȖȊȖ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȏȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ
ȉȍȘȍȋț
DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȒȓȐȏȒȈȧ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖ-
ȚȈȓȈ
— ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȚ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȚ
ȇ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ȕȍȔȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ
— ȇ ȕȈȑȌț ǹȓȖȊȖ
ǰ ȥȝȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȖ ȔȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǹȓȖȊȖ ǹȓȖȊȖ

12
ȅȀǼ-ȀǼ ȅdzǾǻǼdz
Viens-tu troubler, avec ta puissante grimace
La fête de la Vie?..
Baudelaire
ǶȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ
ȖșȊȍȡȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȗțȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ǶȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖ-
ȒȘțȋ șȊȖȐȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȘȈȏȓȐȓȖșȤ ș ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȈȘȚȍȘȐȧȔ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȔȖȏȋ« ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ ȘȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȘȍȊȕȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȊȕȖ-
ȊȈȓ«
ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȧ ȗȖȍ-
ȝȈȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȗȈȘȒ ǻȎȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ
ǵȈȌ ȘȍȒȖȑ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȈȧ șȍȘȈȧ Ȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȈȧ ȔȈș-
șȈ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ǵȍȘȊȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȔȈȝȈȔȐ Ȋȍ-
șȍȓ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȋȕȈȓ ȕȈȠț ȓȖȌȒț șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ
ȋȖȘȖȌ ș ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȒȐȔȐ țȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȥȚȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ ǮȈȓȒȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȟȤ Ȑȝ ȘȖȉȒȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȎȍ Ȑ Șȍ-
Ȏȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ǯȈȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ
ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȗș-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȜȐȋțȘț ȔȖȍȑ șȗțȚȕȐȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ,
ȕȈ Șțȓȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ« ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȊȖȕ, ȕȈȓȍȊȖ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋ«
ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǺȈȔ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȖȌȐ-
ȕȖȒȖȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȕȐȏȒȖȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉ-
ȕȐȞț ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ
Ȑ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȖȋȕȈȓ ȕȈȠț ȓȖȌȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ țȗȓȣȚȤ
ȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȉȈ ǵȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ

13
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖșȒȖȓȖȒ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȌțȠț
Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȘȒ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȌȖȑ Ȑ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȕȍȚ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ș ȘȍȒȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȏȈȉȣȚțȦ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șȊȈȦ ș Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȓȖȌȒț ǴȐȕțȚ
ȟȍȘȍȏ șȖȘȖȒ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȇ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȖș ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȣȝȈȧ ȞȍȗȤȦ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȓ ȒȖȓȤȞț
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȓȧȏȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȋțȓȒȖ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȔ șȣȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȓțȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȔȖȧ șȗțȚȕȐȞȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ȇ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț" ǺȈȒȖȑ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ǻȣ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ« ǰ ȥȚȈ ȓțȕȈ«
— ǴȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ș ȕȈȐȊȕȣȔ șȈȔȖȔȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ
— ǹȖ ȔȕȖȑ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ
ȇ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȑ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȊȍșȓȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȑȝ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȉ țȒȓȦȟȐȕȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ.
DzȈȓȐȚȒȈ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ
șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȒțȟȐ ȖȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȖșȍȕȕȐȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ
Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț ȋȘȖȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ« ǷȖȌ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȚȤ ȥȝȖ — ȥȚȖȚ șȈȘȒȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȣ — Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȊȍȍȚ ȗȖȓțȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȔ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȔ
Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȌȍȓȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȖȚȕȍȍ Ȑ
ȗȓȖȚȕȍȍ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ
ȓȈȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȌȚȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȘȈȏȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȑ șțȔȘȈȒ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȐȧȦȡȍȑ ȡȍȓȐ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȠȈȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǶȕȐ
ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖȉȢȧȚȣȍ Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȐȔ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈțȋȈȌ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
ȚȍȘȧȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȚțȘȈȔȐ, ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ
țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȐ« ǷȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚȍ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ, ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ«

14
ǶȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ șȓȍȌȐȓȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȋȓȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȍ ǻȎȈș Ȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ șȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ
Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ț ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȖȠȍȓ șȚȘȈȝ
ȖȕȈ ȠȓȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȔțȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȚȧȋȖȚȐȓȈșȤ ȐȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ
— ǰȌȍȔ ȐȌȍȔ ȌȖȔȖȑ«
ǰ Ȕȣ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓ ȓȖȌȒȍ«
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȍȔȓȧ țȗȓȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
șȗȘȈȊȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ Ȕȕȍ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓșȧ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ
ǪȣȉȍȋȈȧ Ȑȏ șȈȌȈ ȧ ș șȐȓȖȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț ȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȐȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
dzțȕȈ țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ǪȍȚȍȘ șȖ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ
ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȒȖȑ
ǬȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȧ ȏȈȎȍȋ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ șȍȓ
ȏȈ ȊȍșȓȈ
Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ǿȤȐ-ȚȖ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ șȗțȚ-
ȕȐȞȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ
ȈșȚȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ
ȇ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȌȖȔț ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓȈșȤ
ǷȘȐȍȏȎȈȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ǷȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ
ȌțȠȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔțȚȕȣȑ ȖșȈȌȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȕȈȧ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȒȓȍȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȔȖȏȋ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȚȈ ȗȖșȚȣȌȕȈȧ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ șȈȔȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ
ȋȘțȉȖ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ȕȈȠț ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ Ȑȏ șȚȖȓȈ
ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ Ȑȏȧȡ-
ȕȣȔ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȘțȌȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȠȊȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȓȐȞȖ ȊȘȈȋț șȊȐȕȞȖȊțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖȝȖȌȒț ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ« ȇ ȕȍ țȗȐȊȈȓ-

15
șȧ ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȗ ȔȍșȚȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȈȝ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǵȍ ȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȍ ǵȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȓ șȓȍȌȣ ȟȤȐȝ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȊ« ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȣȚȒȈ
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ǵȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȍȍ Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖȋȖ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȧ Ǫ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȏ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȝ ȓȐȕȐȑ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȖȑ Ȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȈȧ
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȠȐȑșȧ ȔȈȝȘȖȊȣȑ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȒ ș ȌțȠȐșȚȣȔȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȈȔȐ
ȇ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȍȘ Ȑ ȏȈȘȣȓșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ƕ
ȥȚȐ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȚȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ șȐȔȜȖȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȎȈȌȕȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȏȈȌȐ.
ȇ ȥȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș
ȕȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȣ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȈșȒȈȔȐ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ-
ȘȊțȡȐȔșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ Ȓ
ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ȍȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȒȘȍȗȖȔ
«ǪȖȚ ȖȕȖ» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
ǶȡțȡȈȧ Ȋ șȗȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ ȉȖȌȘȧȡțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȈ«
ȇ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ǰȏ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȏȊțȒȐ ȘȖȧȓȧ
ǶȕȈ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȦ
ǴȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕȈȧ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧ ȓȐȓȈșȤ
Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȈ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ Ȑ ȒȈȘ-
ȕȐȏȈȔ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐșȤ ȚȍȕȐ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓ, ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ«
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘț țȎȈș ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ șȌȈ-
ȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȎȈȌȕȖ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ Ȋ

țȗȖȘ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
ǰ șȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȎȋȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȏȋ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȔȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȐȞț ȏȈȌțȠȐȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ

17
ǿȀdzǻȉ ȆǮȀǮȌȀǿȍ
I
ȇ ȘȈȕȖ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȊȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ-
ȧșȕȣȑ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ — Ȑ ȧ țșȗȍȓ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȠȖȘȖȝ țȌȈȓȧȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ Țȍȕȍȑ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȕȖȠț ȥȚȐȝ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȝ șȍȘȣȝ ȜȐȋțȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȠȍȓȍșȚȧȚ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȊ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖ ȘȈȕȕȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ —
ȚȖ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȘȈșȒȈȓȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒțșȖȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȖșȒȖȓȖȒ
ȒȖȓȍȚ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ țȒȖȓ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȋȖȓȒȐ
ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖșȍȕȤ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȥȚț ȘȖșȒȖȠȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȔȐ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ
Ǩȝ ȥȚȐ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ș Ȑȝ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȍȗȐȍȑ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ DzțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ șȖȟȕȈȧ ȔȍȌȧȕȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ"
ǰȌȍȠȤ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ Ȉ ȒȘțȋȖȔ țȊȧȌȈȕȤȍ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȌȈȚȓȐȊȈȧ Ȗșȍȕȕȧȧ ȊȓȈȎȕȖșȚȤ ǭȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ
șȖȓȕȞȈ — Ȑ Țȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȠȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȤȧȕȖȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ȚȖ-
șȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȚȧȋțȟȍȋȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȧ ș ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Țȣ ȖȚȌȈȍȠȤșȧ șȓȈȌȒȖȔț ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȦ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȧ ȊȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȊțȟȈ-
ȡȈȧ șȚȘțȕȈ
ǰ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ — ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ — ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ș ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȊȘȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȈȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ Ȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕ" ǴȖȐ
ȕȍȘȊȣ ȚȈȕȞțȦȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȖȊșȒȐȑ ȚȈȕȍȞ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ
șȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉȍȋțȚ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȔȖȏȋț ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ

18
șȚȖȕȖȔ ǵȍȔțȌȘȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȝȈȖș Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȏȊțȒ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȧȌ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȝ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ Ȉ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȖșȖȉȖȍ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȊ
ǪȕțȚȘȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍ-
Ȋȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ
ȇ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȔȐȔȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȉȐȘȎȐ ǷȖȔȕȦ ȊȓȈȎȕțȦ șȚȍȕț ȥȚȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ
ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȖȒȘȣȑ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȐ șȚțȟȈȓȖ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖ Ȑ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȖ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȋȖ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȟȍȘȚț ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒț
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȠțȘȠȈȡȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȝ Ȑ ȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ
ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȍȏȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍ-
șȚȘȖȑȕȖȔț ȝȖȘț ȒȈȔȕȍȑ
ǶȉȍȌȈȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ
Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞț ȉȍȓȣȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ ș ȕȍȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌțȚ ȔȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚ ȐȔ ȗȓȣȚȤ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȔțȏȣȒț ȏȊȍȏȌ
ȇ ȗȐȓ ȗȐȊȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȍ ȗȐȊȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ șȍȘȌȞț
ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȚȍȕȤ ǰ, ȗȖȒȈ ȗȐȊȖ ȠțȔȍȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȧ ȕȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ȕȖ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȚȘȍȏ-
ȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȐȒȍ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ
ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȌȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȈȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȍșȚȘțȦ ȗțȉȓȐȒț Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ-
ȋȖ. ǶȒȖȓȖ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȗȖȕȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ Ȑ șȔȧȚȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ ȅȚȖȚ ȦȕȖȠȈ
ȉȣȓ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȧ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȗȐ-
ȊȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ țȠȍȓ Ȓț-
ȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ țȠȍȓ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȗȐȊȕțȦ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȚȈȔ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ
țȓȐȞȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȉțȌȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍ-

19
ȘȍșȕȖ Ȑ ȖȋȕȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ
ȌȈȔȈ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ șȖ șȚȘȈțșȖȊȣȔ ȗȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȑ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȚ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ«
ȀȓȐ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ț Ȋșȍȝ șȒȘȣȚȣ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȖȦ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȕȖȎȐ ș ȎȈȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȍȏȊȐȍȔ
ǰ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ȏȍ șȒȖȘȍȑ
ǰ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ ȒȈȘȕȐȏȣ Ȑ ȓțȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȖșȤ ǴȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ
ȉȣȓ ȌȍȘȏȖȒ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡ DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ
ȔȈȝȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ șȒȈȚț Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ — ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ Ȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȍ«
ǴȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ șȔȧȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ Ȉ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖ-
șȣ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
ǪȕȐȏț ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȗȘȧȔȖ șȚțȟȈȓȖ Ȗ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȊȈȐ ȅȚȖ — ȓȖȌȒȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȈȝȕț-
ȡȈȧ șȔȖȓȖȑ
ǶȒȖȓȖ șȊȈȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ, șȐȌȍȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ
ǰ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ ȗȓȍȟȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖ-ȉȍ-
ȓȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȓțȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȔȈȏȕțȓȈ ȥȚț ȎȈȓ-
ȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘȒț șȊȖȐȔ ȓțȟȖȔ
Ǩ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Țȍȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȔȈȝȈȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
— ǵȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ Țȍȉȍ — ȊȖȘȟȈȓ șȍȘȌȐ-
Țȣȑ șȐȗȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǰ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǴȖȓȟȐ ǨȌȈȔ ǰȌȍȔ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ǹȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ
ǪȖȌȈ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ
ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ șȚȖȦ ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ
ȔȘȈȒȖȔ
ǪȖȚ ȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ șȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ș ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǰ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖ-ȉȍȓȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ

20
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ ȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȚȖ șȖȕ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ țȠȓȖ Ȑ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ
ȥȚȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔț ȔȐȘț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȍȚȤșȧ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȒȍȚȈ ȊȏȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȔȖȏȋț ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȍ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș țȎȈș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ
Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ șȚȖȦ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȈȔȉȘȈȏțȘȍ ȕȈ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ Ȉ ȊȕȐȏț ț ȍȍ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȓȐȗ-
ȒȐȑ ȔȘȈȒ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȊȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȓȍȚțȟțȦ ȔȣȠȤ
ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ țșȐȓȐȍ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȐ
șȓȍȏȣ ȧ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȗȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȚȘȖ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȌȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȐȓ
Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȍȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȓȍȚțȟȈȧ ȔȣȠȤ Ȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȕȖȊȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȊȌȊȐȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ
ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȇ șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ țȏȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ — Ȑ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȠȈȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧșȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȑȏ Ȑȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ
ȓȈȗ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ
II
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȍȕȧȝ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǵȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȕȐȏț ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȇ ȚȡȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȡțȗȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋșȍ țȋȓȣ Ȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ
ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȒȊȍȘȝț
ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ Ȑ ȋȕȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȣȠȈ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȗȍȘȚȈ ǵȈ ȗȖȓț
Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȈȓȧȓȖșȤ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȕȖȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ȅȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȚțȚ" DzȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓ"
ǶȕȈ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȖșȔȈȚȈȧ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȍȕȤȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȦȉȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȝȕȣȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȈȚȤȍȔ

21
Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș ǩȣȓ ȊȖȘ Ȑ țȒȘȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȍȍ
șȣȕȈ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
ȇ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȖȘȈ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌ-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȤȦ-ȚȖ ȌȘȖȎȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓȈ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȖȑ
ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ" ǹȚțȗȈȑȚȍ șȚțȗȈȑȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȑ«
— dzȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȖȘȈ" ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȚȘȈȊȓȦ ǹȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȚȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȉȍȋț ȧ Ȑ ȉțȌț șȊȐșȚȈȚȤ
ǰ ȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ Ǫ șȍȕȧȝ ȧ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ țȏȍȓ Ȑ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȧȟȒȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȊȖȘ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȦ
ȒțȘȚȒț ǫȌȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȥȚț ȒțȘȚȒț"
ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ Ȑ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐ-
Șȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȒțȘȚȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȇ
șȘȈȏț țȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȏȈȗȈȝț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ ȔȖȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ DzțȌȈ Țȣ ȌȍȊȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ" DzțȌȈ"
ǰ ȧ ȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ
ȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȡȍȒȈȔ
ǪȖȘ ȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȚȖȗȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȡȐȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȣȘȖșȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȌȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȊȈȕȣȑ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ
— ǩȈ ȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ț
ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ
ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȏȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȗȐȊȈ DzȈȒ ȉȣ
șȓȈȊȕȖ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ȗȖȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȘȈȒȖȊ șȖȋȘȍȓȐșȤ ȉȣ Ȋ
țȦȚȕȖȑ ȗȐȊȕȖȑ« DzȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǵȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǬȊȖȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
ș ȉȓȧȝȈȔȐ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȒȈ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȊȖȘȈ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖ-
ȘȖȚ
— DzțȌȈ Țȣ ȌȍȊȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ" — ȝȘȐȗȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǰ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȓȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȍȔț
— DzțȌȈ" ǫȈ-ȋȈ-ȋȈ« DzțȌȈ"
— ǬȈ ȍȑ-ǩȖȋț Ȏȍ, ȕȍ ȉȘȈȓ ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț, ȕȍ ȉȘȈȓ ȇ ȊȖȚ șȈȔ

22
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȒțȘȚȒț« ǺȈȔ Ȋ șȍȕȧȝ
ǰ ȊȖȘȐȠȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȈȠț ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȒțȘȚ-
Ȓț
— ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ǪȖȚ« ǺȊȖȧ"
— ǴȖȧ ȔȖȧ
ǰ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒțȘȚȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȗȧȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ș ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ — ȕț
ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ Țȣ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȍȕȧȝ ǷȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȊȈȑșȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ǵȣ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȔȐȓțȍȔ Ȑ ȖȚȗțș-
ȚȐȔ ǪȍȌȤ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȔ" ǬȈ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȔ — ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ ȉȈș
— ǶȚȗțșȚȐȔ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȔ — ȏȈȓȈȧȓ ȚȍȕȖȘ
ǪȖȘ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȍ-
șȚȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȓȋȈȓ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȝȖȏȧȑȒț
— Ǫȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ"
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȚȖȘȔȖȠȐȓȈșȤ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȖȚȌȈȓ«
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȘ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȕȈș Ȓ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȓȍ-
ȏȈȓ Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȖȒȚȐ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȔȖȦ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȕȟȈȦșȤ
ȧ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ
ǷȈȓȤȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ șȔȐȘȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ șȔȧȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ
— ǨȋȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȓȧȝȖȑ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȐ
Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȖȘȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȚȈȡȈȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȗȚȈȚȤ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȖȉțȚȣȔȐ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ
ǰ ȧ ȊȐȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǶȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ" ǶȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ« ǪȍȌȤ ȊȖȚ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȚȖ
— ǵȈ ȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȓȧ-
ȝȖȑ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ — ǵȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȌȖ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȅȚȖ ȧ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȘȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȘț-
ȉȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȒȐșȓȖȑ ȌțȉȓȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ

ǵȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȗȐȝȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȧ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ țȠȓȖ Ȑ ȧ
ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȎȈș, ȕȍȔȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ Ȑ
ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
ǰ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ȘȍȒȐ
Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ«
ȇ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǵȖ ȒțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ" ǪȍȏȌȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȠȈȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȠțȘȠȈȚȤ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȏȘȧ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȗȈȟȒȈȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ

24
ǾǮǵǹǮDz
I
ȇ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ©ǩȘȈȚ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ǷȘȐȍȏ-
ȎȈȑȚȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖª
ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ șȚȍȗȧȝ
Ǫ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țșȕțȚȤ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȉȘȈȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȖ
șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȕȍȋȓțȗȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ-
ȉȖȓȍȓ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐ«
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ ȕȈȧȊț ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȖȌȐȚ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȒțșȒȖȔ ȓȤȌȈ ȧ ȍȎȐȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȓȍȌȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȘ-
ȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȍȘȖȊȈȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ
ȝȖȌȐȓ șȚȖȓȉȈȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȍȓ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȊȐșȖȒ.
Ǫ ȌțȠȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȋȈȓȐȕȈ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ
ǵȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȖ ǶȌȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȕȖȍ ȏȐȧȕȐȍ
ǬȖȔ ȉȘȈȚȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ǩȣȓ Ȗȕ
ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕ Ȋ șȍȘțȦ ȓȐȕȦȟțȦ ȒȘȈșȒț Ȉ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȘȧȝȓȣȑ
ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȒț
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȍȘ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȚȖȓȒ-
ȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓȈșȤ
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȠȖȒ ș ȒȈȒȚțșȖȔ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ
ǰȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȏȈȓ Ȑȏ ȏȈȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖ-
ȊțȦ — ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȋȖșȚȐȕȈȧ ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȈȕȜȐȓȈȌȈ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚ ȏȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȖȕȐ-

25
ȏȈȕȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȖȑ
ǰ ȊȖȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȍ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȕȤȍ
ȅȚȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ Ƞȍȓ ȉȘȈȚ Ȁȍȓ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕ
ȇ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȔȖȍȔ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȐ ș
ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȧ ș țȎȈșȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ƞȍȓ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȔȈȝȈȓ
ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ — ȉȖȘȖȌȈ șȍȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȡțȘȍȕȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȤȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȘȧȌȐ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȓȉț — Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȌȕȖȍ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟțȎȖȑ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȓ-
șȧ șȓȍȌ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȠȖȒ ș ȒȈȒȚțșȖȔ
ȇ șȚȈȡȐȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȉȘȈȚț
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ ȉȘȈȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȍȋȖ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ, Ȑ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȡȍȒț
Ǵȣ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȘțȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȇ șȚȈȓ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȗțȚȈȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȑ țȓȖȊȐȓ
șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȍ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȎȐȓȈ ș ȉȘȈȚȖȔ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉȘȈȚ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȍȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘțȉȖȍ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȓȐ ȒȖȕȞȣ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ȇ ȖȚȖȘȖȗȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ" ǿȚȖ Țȣ" ǩȘȈȚ«
ǵȖ ȉȘȈȕȤ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȒȖȔȖȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ Ȑ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ
țȓȈȌȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȖ
ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȕȍȚ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ
ǩȘȈȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȧ ǰ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȐȓȈșȤ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ©ȧª ȒȖȚȖ-

26
ȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȊȈȓȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ©ȧª țȠȓȖ
Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț Ȉ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȗțȚȈȓȖșȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ ȉȣȓ
șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȊȍȡȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȧ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ ǰ
ȔȖȧ ȗȘȖșȚȈȧ ȋȓȈȌȒȈȧ ȓȖȋȐȒȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȐȊ-
ȕȖȑ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȘȍȌȖȔ ȉȘȈȚȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȚț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȈȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ș
ȕȖȎȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȖȦ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȚțȌȈ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȍȕȐ Ȋ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȗȖ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȉȘȈȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȘ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ
ȅȒȖȕȖȔȒȈ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȋȌȍ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ
ǩȘȈȚ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȒȕȐȎȕȖȔț ȠȒȈȜț Ȑ ȞȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ țȋȖȓ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȚțȔȉȍ ȊȈȏȈ ș ȉțȒȍȚȖȔ Ȑȏ șțȝȐȝ ȒȖȓȖ-
șȤȍȊ Ȑ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȝ ȚȘȈȊ
ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ț ȉȘȈȚȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȈ ȝȐȚȘȈȧ țșȔȍȠȒȈ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ
ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȡțȘȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ ȖȒȘțȋȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ,
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗțȓȍȑ țȉȐȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȓ ȚțȔ-
ȉț ș ȊȈȏȖȑ
ȇ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȉȘȈȚț șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȣ-
ȌȧșȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȉȘȈȚ ǶȗȖȔȕȐșȤ« ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȚț ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț ǬȈ Țȣ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ǩȘȈȚ
II
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ
ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȣ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț Ȋ
ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȓȐȕȐȒț ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȉȘȈȚȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȋȘȍșșȐȊȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟ ȔȖȏȋȈ
Ǩ ȉȘȈȚ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȦ ǻȝȖȌȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ

27
ǩȘȈȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ-ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȉ
ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȍ-
ȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ
ǸȈȕȤȠȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȇ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ Ȋȍ-
ȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȉȘȈȚȍ ȧ
șȚȈȓ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓ-
șȧ — Ȋ ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ Ȑ ȏȊțȒȈȝ
ȇ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȣȓȤȕțȦ țȓȐȞț ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȊȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȍ ȕȍ-
ȉȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȖȑ Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ
ȇ ȉȘȈȓ Ƞȓȧȗț ȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȧ ȕȍ țȏ-
ȕȈȊȈȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖ-ȕȖȊȖȔț Ǫșȍ — Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȧ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ — ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȉțșȖȔ
ǻȓȐȞȣ ȚȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȝȔțȘȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȈ ȚȖ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ ȓț-
ȒȈȊȖ ȚȖ șȒȈȓȐȓȐ ȏțȉȣ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȚȧȕțȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȒȖșȚȐ
ȒȖȎȍȦ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȧșȤ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ
șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȈ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ Ȉ șȈȔȈ ȘȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ș ȍȍ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȔ
ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȉȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȏȈȉȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǹȗȘȈȊȈ
Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȘȐȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȖȔȐȠȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȐȗȠȐȍ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȏȋȖȊȈȓȈ ȐȔȐ dzȦȌȐ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȍ țȓȐȞȍȑ Ȉ ȏȈȒȖțȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȓȍȏȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȘȧȝȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȚȕȐ« ǩȣȓȖ șȍȘȖ Ȑ ȔȋȓȐșȚȖ ǵțȎȍȕ
ȉȣȓ ȔȍșȧȞ ǰ Ȗȕ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȖȏȓȐȊȠȐȑ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȒȘȐȒ ȔȣșȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ
ǰ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțș
Ǫ ȗȖȓȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌțȠ-
ȕȖ ȖȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈ ǺȈȔ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȐȋȖȓȒȈ Ǩ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȖșȓȖ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȘțȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȣȓ ȝȈȖș DzȘțȎȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȣȘȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȋțșȚȖȍ

Ǫ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȝȘȈȗȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȍȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȤȧ-
ȕȖȔț ȔȍșȧȞț
— Ǫșȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ǫșȍ
ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȏȈȊȧȏ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ
— ǵȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ ȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȐȗȓȈ Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ Ȑȏ ȓȈȗ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ"
ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȖȚȕȖȔț ȓȉț Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ"
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ — ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȠȖȒ ș ȒȈȒȚțșȖȔ ȅȚȖ — ȊȖ-ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȝǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ — ȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȤȍ ș ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȊȖȐȓșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ș ȉȘȈȚȖȔ"
ǪȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ ǰ ȉțȌȚȖ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǺȈȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȏȊțȒ ǵȖ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ȇ ȖȡțȗȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ ǶȉȢȧșȕȐ
Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȖ ǰ ȔȍșȧȞ ȒȘȐȊȐȓșȧ ǰ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȗȣȝ-
ȚȍȓȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȍȠȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏȓȈȌț
— Ǩ ȟȍȔ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ ȝțȎȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ" Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ"
ǹȚȘȈȝ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȑ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȚȔȈ-
ȝȐȊȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ǬȈȎȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐȌȚȐ ǰ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖȉȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȖȒȘȍȗ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȍ ȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȖȍ
ȅȚȖ țȌȘțȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ
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29
III
ǩȘȈȚ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȏȈȓȣ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣ
dzȐȞȖ șȐȧȓȖ Ȋ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȍ ǰ Ȗȕ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ȇ țȏȕȈȓ ȇ țȏȕȈȓ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȖ ǪȖȚ«
ǰ Ȗȕ ȚȣȒȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȣȔ șțȝȐȔ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȞȍȔ
ȇ țȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȕȖ țșȕțȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ǬțȔȈȓ ȓȐ ȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ" ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔ șȢȍȎȐȓșȧ șȔȖȘ-
ȡȐȓșȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ
Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋșȧ ȌțȠȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȚșȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȔȖȏȋț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȎȐȘȕțȦ ȋȓȐȕț"
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ țȋȓț ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ ȠȈȚȈȦȚșȧ Ȉ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ș ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǪȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȍǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȣșȓȧȔ
— ǯȌȖȘȖȊ ȓȐ ȧ"
ǰ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǬȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǯȌȖȘȖȊ ȓȐ" ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ"
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ.
ȇ ȍȡȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȦ șȖȉȖȦ ǪȖȚ ȗȘȐȌțȚ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȏȌȘȈȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȕț ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȌȘȈȊȖ — Ȑ ȖȕȐ
ȕȍ țȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȈȏțȔ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȓȍȗȖ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ț ȉȘȈȚȈ ȇ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȦ
șȖȉȖȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓșȧ ȠȖȘȖȝ
ǩȣȓȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ țȋȖȓ ȠȒȈȜȈ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȖȔ ȟȍȝȓȍ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ șȈȊȈȕȍ
ǵȈ ȗȖȓț ȘȈȏȔȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ,

30
ȓțȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ș ȗȤȧȕȖȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȓțȕȈ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȈ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȠȖȘȖȝ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
«ȅȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȐȌȍȚ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒȍȚț ȠȓȍȗȈȓȐ ȚțȜȓȐ.
ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȖȍ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȌȣȠȈ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ țșȗȍȓ șȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȤ
«ȅȚȖ — ȒȖȠȔȈȘ».
Ǩ ȖȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȊȐȓȖ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ șȚȘțȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȈȧ
ǵȖ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ
«ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ șȚȘțȐ ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȖȘ!
Ǫșȧ ȠȚțȒȈ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋȍ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȖȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ«»
ǰ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ Ǫ ȔȖȏȋȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȖȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȅȚȖ — ȉȘȈȚ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȉțȔȈȋȈ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ
ǹȚȘȈȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǩȘȈȚ
ȗȍȘȍȔȐȕȈȓșȧ ș ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋț ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȉȖșȐȒȖȔ Ǩ ȕȈ ȓȐ-
Ȟȍ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȇ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
Țȧȕțȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȘțȉȈȝȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȈȌȐșȤ șȦȌȈ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȇ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȧșȕȍȑ ǩȖȘȔȖȟȍȠȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȚ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȗȍȚȈȓ
— ǨȓȋȍȉȘȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȏȌȖȘ DzȈȒȈȧ ȈȓȋȍȉȘȈ"
— ǪȖȚ« ǨȓȋȍȉȘȈ«
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȎȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȐȌȐȖ-
ȚȈ ǭȌȊȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȟȍȘȟȍ-
ȕȖ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ ȞȐȜȘȣ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ȇ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ

31
— ǰȌȐȖȚ
ǵȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǬȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ«
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȝȔȣȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ" ǿȚȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ș ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǩȖȋȈ — ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȐȌȐȖȚ
ǪȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȏȈȝȘȐȗȍȓ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȊȓȧȓșȧ ǪșȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȉțȔȈȎȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȣȟȈ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ǷȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚț ȉț-
ȔȈȎȒț ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȓ
— ǬȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ǨȓȋȍȉȘȈȐȟȍșȒȐ«
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ Dz ȟȍȔț ȏȌȍșȤ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ — ǩȖȋ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȖ"
ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȓȖșȤ" ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȟȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȏȈ ȝțȌȣȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȚȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȖȒȕț dzțȕȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȓȖȉ ș ȗȘȐȓȐȗȠȐȔȐ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȊȤȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȘȧȌȧȔȐ ȊȖȓȖș ǫȓȈȏȈ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ǵȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ
IV
ǩȘȈȚȈ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȟȕțȦ ȒȓȐȕȐȒț ǩȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȊȊȍȓȐ Ȋ Ȓțȗȍ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȉ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ș ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ
ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țȗȖȘȕȖ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ
ǷȘȐ ȌȖȔȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȈȌ ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȣȑ
ǷȈȝȓȖ ȗȘȧȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ Ȑ ȔȍȌȖȔ ǩȣȓ ȒȘȣȎȖȊȕȐȒ ȔȈȓȐȕȈ
ȐșȒȘȐȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȧȉȓȖȒȐ ǬȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȝȖ
ȌȘȍȔȈȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȈțȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ
Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȌțȔȕȈȧ ȓȍȕȤ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ
ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȈȌț Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȓȍȕȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ

Ȑ ȧșȕȖ Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȝȈȖșȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȘȈȚ Ǵȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȗțȚȈȕȕȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒțșȖȒ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȟȘȍȏ ȏȐȧȦȡȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȖȌșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȍșșȗȖȘȕȣȑ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ
©ȈȓȋȍȉȘțª
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔț Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚșȧ ȕȍȓȍ-
ȗȣȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ Ȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǩȣȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ǯȈ ȗȓȍȚȕȍȔ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ
ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȠȖȘȖȝ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȗȉ-
ȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȚțȠȐȓ șȊȍȟȒț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȝȈȖș
ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ-ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȐșȍȘ
Ǫșȍ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȖ Ȑ ȠțȘȠȈȓȖ Ǩ ȊȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȚȐȒȈȕȤȍ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ ȧșȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȖșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȤȔȣ
ǶȕȐ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ« Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ« Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ«
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȧ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓ ȠȍȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ șțȔȘȈȒ
ǰ ȟȈșȣ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ« Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ« Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ«
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȈȌ Ǫ șȈȌț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚ
ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȒȈ Ȓțȏȕȍ-
ȟȐȒȖȊ ǺȘȈȊț șȒȖșȐȓȐ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ țȔȐȘȈȦ-
ȡȈȧ ǰ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ, ȟȚȖ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ

33
ǿdzǿȀǾǮ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȈȊȋțșȚȈ ȧ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȕȍȏȈ-
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ șȒȖȕȟȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȧ șȍșȚȘȈ
ȍȍ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȞȈ
ǻȎȍ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȔȍȘ-
ȕȖȔț șȚțȒț ȒȖȓȍș ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȌțȠȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȈșȚȘȈȐ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȐȕȖȑ ȓȈȌ ȕȍȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȓ
ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐ ȉȓȍșȒȍ Ȗȋȕȍȑ Ȋ ȔȕȖȋȖșȓȖȎȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȠțȔȍ
ȇ ȖȚȊȣȒ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ȗȖ ȠȖșșȍȑȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȚ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȌȖ țșȈȌȤ-
ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȖșȍȕȕȦȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȖ șȕȖ-
ȗȈȔȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕțȦ ȋȖȓțȉȐȏȕț ȌȈȓȍȑ Ȑ
ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȓ ȊȍȧȕȤȦ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǪȖȘȖȕȤȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȔ ȒȈȘȒȈȕȤȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȐ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ
ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȔ ȗȚȐȞȈȔ șȊȐșȚȖȔ-șȚȖȕȖȔ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ țȎȍ țȊȧȌȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȧ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȌȢȍȝȈȓȈ Ȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț șȚȘȖȋȖȔț ȌȖȔț
ǵȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ șȍșȚȘȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ș ȚȘț-
ȌȖȔ țȏȕȈȓ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȔțȌ-
ȘȣȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ ȗȣȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ș ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ țȋȓȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȋȖȘȌȣ-
ȔȐ ș ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ș
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȘȚȖȔ
ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȧȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓț-
ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȈȋȈȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǵȈȠȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȈ ȕȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȧ
ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȑ șȍșȚ-
Șȣ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș șȍșȚȘȈ ȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚț ȒȖȔȕȈȚ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕțȦ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȊȒțșȈ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȚȍȚȒȈ ȗȘȖ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ ȕȍ

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șȟȐȚȈȧșȤ ȕȐ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȐȓȍȔ Ȑ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚ-
ȊțȧșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȊȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ȑ țȊȧȌȈȕȐȧ ǶȚ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȊȍȧȓȖ ȌțȝȖȔ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ ǵȈ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȈȝ ȖȉȖȧȝ Ȑ ȖȉȐȊȒȍ Ȕȍȉȍ-
ȓȐ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȚȖȕȈ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ — ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȖ-șȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖ-șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȍ-
ȔȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șțȝȖȋȖ șȚȐȓȧ ȔȈșȒȐȘțȦȡȈȧ ȚȖ
șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȚȈȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȧȝ ǺȈȔ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ Ȑ țȋȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ, ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȚȐȗȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, șȖȏȌȈȕȕȈȧ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȈȔ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ
ǷȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȘȍȓȐ-
ȋȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȣ ©ǪȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȐȍ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȖª ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȧ-
ȡȐȔșȧ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉȍ ©ȇȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǩȖȋȖȘȖȌȐȞȣ șȊ ǬȖȔȐ-
ȕȐȒțª ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȑ ©ǽȘȐșȚȖșª ș ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȘȍȔȉȘȈȕȌȚȖȊșȒȐȝ ȚȖȕȈȝ ©ǹȊȧȚȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǭȋȐȗȍȚșȒȈȧª șȖ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȔȐ ȒȖșȈȔȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȖșȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȧȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȔȐ
Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȐȚȘȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȉșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȒȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǶȌȕȈ ȏȈȓȈ șȖ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ
țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȐȈȚȐȌȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȔțȏȍȍȔ,
ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȚȖȔȓȧȓȖ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ
ǰȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȓȣ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț ȋȌȍ ȔȖȧ ȚȍȚ-
ȒȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ șȊȖȍȑ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȓ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ Ȑ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ
ȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȌțȔȞȈȔȐ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ǩȓȈ-
ȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȊȋțșȚȐȕȈ Ȑ ©ǾȊȍȚȖȟȒȐª ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȈ ǨșșȐȏșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȔȍȚȈȜȐȏȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȐș-
ȚȐȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋ Ǫ ȖșȖȉȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ șȖȟȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǩȍșȍȌțȧ ș ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȖȑ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ țȔȖȔ,
ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȑ ȟțȚȒȖșȚȤȦ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ ȥȚȐȔ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ
ȘȈșșȚȈȓșȧ ș șȍșȚȘȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȠȓȈ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȌȚȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȧ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ Ȓ ȗȘțȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȔ ȉȓȍș-
Ȓȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖ-ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ
ȇ șȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȘțȦ ȟțȋțȕȕțȦ șȒȈȔȤȦ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȚȍȔ ȕȍȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ

35
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ ȌțȠț ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ șȚȐ-
ȝȐ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȋȖ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȍȍ țȔȕȣȍ, ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕțȦ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒț ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚȣ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȌȈ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȟȖȗȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȒȖȊ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȣȝ ȊȓȦȉȟȐȊȣȝ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȝ
ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȝ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ Șț-
ȒȐ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ ȏȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗțȚȐ ȋȌȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȐȕȈȧ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȓȖȎȤ
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ǬȕȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȍȏȌ
ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȇ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ș șȍșȚȘȖȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ
țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ Ȕȣ șȕȖȊȈ
șȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ
ȔțȏȣȒȖȑ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȜȐșȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȧ
ȈȒȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȜȖȘȚȍȗȤȧȕȖ ǿȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ
ǩȈȝȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓț-
ȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȦ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȍțȔȐȘȈȦ-
ȡȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ǬțȠȈ ȔȖȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șțȍȚȣ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȓȈșȤ ȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍȔ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǵȈȠȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ȖȚ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȍȑ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ ȖȕȈ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓȈ Ȗ ȚȍȚȒȍ Ȋ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ ȎȐȊȣȝ Ȑ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ șȔțȡȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ
ȥȚț ȚȍȔț
ǪȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ
— ȍȍ ȏȊȈȓȐ ǨȘȐȈȌȕȖȑ — ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȑ Ȋșȓțȝ ȉȐȉȓȐȦ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȚȐȝȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȑ ȋȓȈȊȣ ©ǭȒȒȓȍșȐȈșȚȈ»,

ȋȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ ©ǰ țȉȓȈȎȐȓ ȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘ-
ȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȌȖșȍȓȍ Ȉ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑȝ
ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓª— ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ șȍșȚȘȣ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȓȐșȚȖȔ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȟȍȘȚȐȓȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȍșȚȘț ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ
ȉȐȉȓȐȐ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȉȓȈȎȍȕ-
șȚȊȍ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ"
ǵȈ ȥȚȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ©ǭȒȒȓȍșȐȈșȚȈª ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȍ; ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚ ȗȖȌ ©șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔª ȗȘȍȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ țȎȍ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, ȉȣȚȐȍ ȍȋȖ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȎȐȊȣȝ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ ș ȏȈȗȈȓȤȟȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȌȍȚȣȑ ȍȍ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ— ȚȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ǨȘȐȈȌȕȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ș Ȕȕȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȝ țȟȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Țȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȐ-
ȚȈȍȠȤ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ǽȘȐșȚȐȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȐȍ
ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ǶȘȐ-
ȋȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ șȖȉȖȘȖȔ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȍ șȔțȚȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ.
— ǹȖȉȖȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ ǶȘȐȋȍȕȈ ȍȘȍȚȐȒȖȔ
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȋ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȕȍ Ȗȉ țȟȍȕȐȐ Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗȉ ȖȗȣȚȍ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȕȈȠȈ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȉȘȈȚșȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ș ȏȈȌțȠȍȊȕȖȑ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ ȋțȉȈ-
ȔȐ Ȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȈȔ
ǵȈȠ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȟȈș Ȕȣ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ dzțȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ
ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȓȐ șȓȈ-
Ȋț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔț șȊȍȚț ȕȈȠȍȑ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȞȣ ǵȈȌ ȗȘțȌȖȔ
ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȈȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ șȍȚȤ — ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȓȖȒ-
ȕȈ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȖșȐȧȕȕȣȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍȔ ǰ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȖșȍȕȤ ȥȚȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ-
ȊȈȧ șȖȔȕȈȔȉțȓȈ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ
ȘțȒȐǰ Ȕȣ ȚȐȝȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȒȈșȈȧșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȔȍȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț ȕȍȉț Ȑ Ȓ țȊȧȌȈȦȡȍȑ Ȑ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
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ȇ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȤ șȍșȚȘȣ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒț Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ
ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗȘțȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȍșȚȘȍ ȌțȘȕȖ;
ȖȕȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȠȓȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐ-
ȔȈȧ Ȓ ȋțȉȈȔ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȑ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ
țȌțȠȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȤȦ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ȇ ȌȖȊȍȓ ȍȍ ȌȖ șȗȈȓȤȕȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȖȘȖȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȚȍȚȒȈ ȅȚȈ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȈȘȒȖȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ
ȔȈșșȐȊȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȉȈȓȌȈȝȐȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȈ Ȉ
ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȈȘ-
ȟȖȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑșȒȐȑ ȐȒȖȕȖșȚȈș ǹȍ-
șȚȘȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ-ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȍ ȝȘȈȕȧȚșȧ
ȊȍȡȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȖȔ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȖȔ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȚȒȈȕȖȑ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȑ
ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȘȍșȚ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȝȖȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȈȓȈȔȐ ȍȊȈȕȋȍ-
ȓȐȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȐȘ ǷȍȘȍȌ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ
ȖȉȘȈȏȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȦ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐ-
șȚȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȓȈȌȈȕȖȔ ȊȖșȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȒțȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐșȓțȋț Ȑ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ șȗȈ-
ȓȤȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȧȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ǷȘȐȌȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȓȍȟȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ
ǩȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȇ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗțȓȤș ȔȖȑ ȉȤȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȟȚȖ țșȚȈ-
ȓȖșȚȤ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȔȕȖȦ Ǵȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ țșȐ-
ȓȐȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ȚȍȓȈȇ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȖȋ șȐȌȐȚ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȈȟȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ
ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȔ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ǵȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ț ȔȖȐȝ ȕȖȋ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȚȍȚȒȈ ǭȍ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȟȍȗȞȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șțȝȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȔȧȓȈ ȒȘț-

ȎȍȊȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȈ ȇ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊșȓțȠȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ — ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ ȖȌȕț ȜȘȈȏț ©Ǫ ȟȈș
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȧ șȊȍȚ ȏȈȎȋȐª
ȇ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ — Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȧ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȓȖȎȐȓȖ Ȋ țșȚȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȒȈ șȚȘȖȟȒț Ȑȏ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈȒȈȕț-
ȕȍ ǵȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȌȍȓ-
șȧ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ șȊȍȟț ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȍșȚȘȣ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ
ȍȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚșȧ
ǷȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȖșȤ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȓțșȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȒȘȈȧ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ
ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ș ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȟȒț ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ
ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ǷțȓȤș ȉȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖșȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ȟȐșȓȖ țȌȈȘȖȊ ǬȊȍ șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ șȍșȚ-
ȘȖȑ ȒȓȈȓȐ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȓȍȌ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȑ
ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȥȜȐȘȈ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȏȕȈȒ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
Ȑȏ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȕȧ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ Ȕȕȍ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǷȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ șȍșȚȘȍ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ
șȒȓȈȌȕȧ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȐȖȚț Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ șȊȍ-
Țȍ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
©ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ — ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȚȍȚȒȈ —
ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȎȐȊȍȠȤ Ȋ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȐȧ ǰ ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȒȘțȋȍ — ȚȊȖȧ
șȍșȚȘȈ ǵȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ șȍșȚȘȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ
ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ǷȖȔȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕȈ “ǯȈȗȍȘȚȣȑ șȈȌ — șȍșȚȘȈ
ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȖȌȍȏȤ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȟ-
ȕȐȒ”».
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȚȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȥȚȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȍȍ ȌțȠȍȊ-
ȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȗȉȓȍȋ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȍȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȔȍȘȕȣȔ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
ȚȐȝȖ țșȕțȓȈ
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39
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ©ǵȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
șȔȣșȓȈª ǰ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȤ Ȋ
șȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȔȖȧ ȌțȠȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȟțȚȒȖȑ Ȓ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧȔ
Ȋ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ șȍșȚȘȣ ǵȈȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȘȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȉȐȍȕȐȐ ȍȍ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ, ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȓțȟȈȓșȧ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȧ
ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȋȘȖȏȧȡțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȊțȒ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȗȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ǬȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȏȈȓ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕțȦ șȍșȚȘȣ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ
ȇ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ țȏȕȈȓ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȔ șȚȘȐȝȕȐȕ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȥȜȐȘȍ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖșȖȉȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ — ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — ȐșȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȥȚț șȐȓț ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖ-
ȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȤȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ șȍ-
șȚȘȣ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț șȊȍȚȧȡțȦșȧ ȚȖȟȒț ǹȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ ȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȓȈȔȗȈȌț ȗȍȘȍȌ ǸȈșȗȧȚȐȍȔ
ǸțȒȈ șȍșȚȘȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ țșȐ-
ȓȐȍȔ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȘȐȚȔ ȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȍ
ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ș ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț ǰȕȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȊȈȓȈ șȓțȎȈȕȖȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
_____
ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ȔȖȐ ȗȓȈȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȣ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍ-

40
ȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ǩȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ș șȍșȚȘȖȑ șȚȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈșțȡȕȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ țșȐȓȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȧȦ ȚȘȈțȘ-
ȕțȦ ȋȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȈȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȈȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȍȍ
ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȍ, ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȗȓȈȡ
ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȎȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖȋȖ
Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȖ — Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȘțȔȧ-
ȕȍȞ Ȑ ȓțȟȐșȚȖșȚȤ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ țȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȝ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ
ǵȖ ȟȍȔ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȟȐȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ ȕȈȧȊț ȚȍȔ țȎȈșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȍȕȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȐ șȕȣ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȈȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈȗȧȚȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȠț ȉȘȈȚșȒțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȈȓȤȒȖȊȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȈ — ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȕȐȎȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ șȖșȞȖȊ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȐ șȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȈȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ
ȧ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȧșȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȋȖȚț șȍșȚȘȣ ȇ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ șȖȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȔ
Ǩ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ
ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǻȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗțȓȤș ȍȍ
ȕȍ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȔ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖȔ ȘȐȚȔȍ Ȉ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȕȐȚȤȦ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȧ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ
șȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȇ țȌȈȓȐȓ șȓțȎȈȕȖȒ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȝ șțȚȖȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ț ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șȍșȚȘȣ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȐȡȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȖșȗȈȘȐȊȈȧ ț
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȍȍ ȎȍȘȚȊț
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȣȚȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ șȍșȚȘț ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȘȐȈȌȕȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ
șȖȔȒȕțȚȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
șȓȖȊȈ ©ǮȍȕȐȝ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑª
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȏȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
ȈȋȖȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ țȎȈșȕȣȍ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȖș-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ
ȇ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ țȎȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-

ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȝȖ ©ǹțȔȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐ-
ȚȐȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȤª
ǰ ȧ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȋȖȓȖșț
ǷȘȐȠȓȐ șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ țȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ ȇ ȗȖșȓȈȓ
Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȦ ȏȈ ȘȖȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓșȧ Ȑȝ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ ȚȓȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȕȕȍ
ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȗȍȓȐ ©ǻȗȖȒȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȘȈȉț ȚȊȖȦ Ȑ țȟȐȕȐ Ȧ Ȋ
ȘȈȐ ȐȌȍȎȍ ȓȐȞȈ șȊȧȚȣȝª— ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȒȖȘȖȕț ȍȍ
ȊȖȓȖș Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȈȝ ȜȐșȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ǩȈȝȈ
ǻȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ
ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȧ șȓțȠȈȓ ȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ©ǹț-
Ȕȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȤª
©ǸȈȌțȑșȧ ǿȐșȚȈȧ ǩȖȋȈ ȗȓȖȚȤȦ ȘȖȎȌȠȈȧ ǺȖȉȖȦ ȌȈ Ȗȉ-
ȘȧȡȍȔ ȘȈȑª
ǶșȍȕȕȐȍ ȓțȟȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȌȣȔ ȒȈȌȐȓȤȕȐȞ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȖȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȍ ȠțȘȠȈȓ
ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋȍȧȓ ȉȈȋȘȧȕȞȍȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ǰ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȔȖȍȔ ©ǹȍșȚȘȈ
— ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ— ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ — ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
ȉȣȚȤ— ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȓȐ ȍȍ
ȕȈ ȗțȚȧȝ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ
Ǩ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦª

42
ǺdzǾȀǰȉǷ ǴdzǻǶȃ
ǴȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȍȍ — ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞ
Ǫ ǮțȒȖȊșȒȐȑ
I
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ — ȏȈ ǴȖșȒȊȖȑ-ȘȍȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȀȍșȚȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǷȖȔȕȦ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȍ
ȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑȏ ȟțȋțȕȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȘȍȏȕțȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț Ȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȖȊ
Ȋ șȍȘȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȘȈȕȞȈȔȐ
ǪȍșȕȖȦ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ Ȗȉț-
ȟȈȦȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒȍ
ǴȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȖ ȓțȎȈȔ ȍȋȖ șȊȍ-
ȎȐȑ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔ
ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȐ-
ȝȈ ǯȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȍ Ȗȕ ȓȐ"
Ǫ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȝȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ
șȖȟȍȚȈȓȈ ș ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔț ȒȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȓȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȍȋȖ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȦ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍ-
ȕȐȑǩȘȈȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȔȍȘ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ǰ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ-șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȗȍȘȊȖȒțȘșȕȐȒȐ
ǩȣȊȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȗȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȑ ǪȖȚ
Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȧ Ȑ ȊȓȦȉȐȓȈșȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǷȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȗȘȖșȐȎȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȏȈ ȐȋȘȖȦ Ȋ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȐ Ȕȓȍȧ ȖȚ
șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȦ ȉȣȓ ȉȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ

43
ǭșȓȐ ȉȘȈȚ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ
Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȋȘȐȔȈșț Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȒțȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȖȚ ȊȈș ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȑ"
ȅȚȈ ȋȓțȗȈȧ ȠțȚȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ǵȖ-
ȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈșȤ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȐȦȓȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȌȈ-
ȟț Ȋ DzțșȒȖȊȖ ȇ ȗȖȠȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ ȋțȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȀȍȘȍȔȍȚȤȍȊșȒȐȑ șȈȌ
ǺȈȔ ȏȈșȚȈȓ ȕȈș ȌȖȎȌȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȑ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȍȘ-
ȕȍȔ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ǵȣ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ș ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȔ Ȋ ȏȈȒȘȣȚțȦ șȚȘȐȎȍ-
ȕțȦ ȈȓȓȍȦ Ȑ șȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȟțȋțȕȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ-
ȚțȐ ǨȜȘȖȌȐȚȣ ș ȖȚȉȐȚȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȎȕțȦ
ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌȒț ȍȋȖ — Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȔ-
ȚȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȕȖ
— ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȊȈș — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȈ ȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȖȚ
șȔțȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȕȍȍ ȧ ȖȉȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ Ȋ țșȣ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȍ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ
Ǵȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȧȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȈȔȐ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȖ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕ ǰ ȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȍȔț ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ — Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȒȘțȋȐ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȖ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ
ǰ ȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ
ǸȖȔȈȕ ȔȖȑ ș ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȔ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
Ȑȕȣȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȊ
ȋȘțȌȤȦ Ȓ ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȈ ȧ Ȗ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȔ Ȑ
ȟțȌȐȓșȧ ȗȖȘȖȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚ Ȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ Ȑ Ȋ
ȕȖȋȈȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȔȈ
ǪȣțȟȐȓȈ ȧ ȕȈȐȏțșȚȤ ©ǬȍȔȖȕȈª Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȧȝ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȚ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐ ȗȖȗț ǪȣȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ șȚȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚ
ȍȋȖ șțȝȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ șȒțȟȕȖ ǰ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȉȈȚȦȠ-
ȒȐ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ

44
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȘȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȍȗȐȚȘȈȝȐȓȤȦ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȔȖȓȐȚ-
Ȋț ȖȚ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȗȖ-
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț șȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȈșȝȈȓȤȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȌȣ-
ȠȈȚȤ ȈȗȘȍȓȍȔ
ǼȐȋțȘȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȒȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ țȎȍ Ȓ ȏȐȔȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȧȚȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȧ Ȋșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ
ȕȈ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȦ
ǷȖ șțȉȉȖȚȈȔ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ț ȕȈș ȎțȘȜȐȒșȣ Ȑ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȉȣȓȈ ȊȓȦ-
ȉȓȍȕȈ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ ǪșȍȔ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȎȈȚȤ
șȍȉȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȕȖ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ȐȕȖȔ
ȕȍ țȔȍȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǶȚȞț ȔȖȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ǪȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓ ©ǹȓȖȊȈȘȤ ȦȘȐ-
ȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈțȒ».
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȚȖȔț șȓȖ-
ȊȈȘȦ ȒȖȕȞȈ ǷȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȓȒȐ ș ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȈȓȜȈ-
ȊȐȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕțȦ:
— ǶȓȤȋȈ ǬȖșȚȈȕȤ Ȕȕȍ Ǩ-ȗȘȐȔț
Ǩ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ
— ǶȓȤȋȈ ǯȍȓȍȕțȦ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ
ȇ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ș ȈȓȜȈȊȐȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȖȑ ȓȣșȐȕȍ Ȑ
ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȖȑ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȖȑ Ƞȍȍ
Ǩ ȔȈȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȐȓȈ ȌȐȋȐȚȈ-
ȓȐș Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ș ȕȍȑ șȓțȟȈȓȐșȤ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ
ǯȈșȓȣȠȈȊ Ȋ ȍȍ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȧ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȖ-
ȘȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ
ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȊ ȒȈȗȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȉțȜȍȚ ȉțȌȐȚȤ ȗȘȐșȓțȋț
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ ȓȍȌ Ȑȏ ȒțȝȕȐ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤȦ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ
ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȧ
— ǴȈȔȖȟȒȈ ȔȈȔȖȟȒȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
«ǵȈȌȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ — ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȧ, — ȕȈȌȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ» ǰ ȧ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȏȖȊțȦ ȓȈȔȗȈȌț ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ
ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȓ ȒȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ

45
— ǷȖȡȈȌȐ ǷȖȡȈȌȐ ǷȖȡȈȌȐ
ǵȖ ȔȈȚȤ țȔȍȘȓȈ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǽȖȟț ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒțȘșȣ
ǶȚȍȞ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȕȖ ȕȈ
ȒțȘșȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȇ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȋȍȒȏȈȔȍȚȘȣ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȠȊȍȌșȒțȦ ȋȐȔȕȈ-
șȚȐȒț Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȏȈȒțȓȐșȕȣȍ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ©Țȣª Ȑ țȎȍ țȔȍȓȈ ȗȐȚȤ
ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ ȓȐȒȍȘȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ șȚȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ ǷȖȓȍ-
ȊȖȑǹȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ƕȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȍ ș ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȔȐ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
Ȋ ȋȘȐȔȍ ȒȘțȋȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȈ-
ȔȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ Ȗȋ-
ȕȐ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊ ǹȧȌȍȚ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȘȖȧȓȤ
șȣȋȘȈȍȚ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ șȖȕȈȚț ȔȖȓȟȈ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ țȑȌȍȚ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț
— ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȓ ȕȈȔ" ǪȍȌȤ ț ȕȈș
Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ șȒțȟȕȖ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȗțșȚȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȊȈș
ǷȖȔȕȦ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȖ
ȧ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
— Ǫȣ ȌȍȔȖȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȔȍȧȓșȧ
— Ǩȝ ȕȍȚ ǵȍ ȠțȚȐȚȍ ǶȓȤȋȈ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȕȈ ǵȍ ȠțȚȐȚȍ ȗȘȖ-
Ƞț ȊȈș
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȊȈș DzȈȒ
Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȚȈȒ șȘȈȏț" ǺȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ"
Ǵȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȘȖȧȓȐ ȇ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ș ǩȖȘȐșȖȔ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟȍȔ șȚȖȐȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȍ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȍ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ
ȇ șȚȈȓȈ ȕȍșȒȓȈȌȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȕȐ-

46
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗțȋȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ țȎȈșȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ ȔȖȧ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȚȞț
— ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ"
ǵȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȏȈȚȒȕțȓ țȠȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ƞȍȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȌțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȟț ȕȍ ȝȖȟț
ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȈ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȊȈȓ ț ȕȈș ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ.
Ǵȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȚȖȒ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ȉ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȋȖȊȍ-
ȓȐ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȑ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȘȣȎȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȝ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȐȒ
ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒ
ǵȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧȝ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǶȝȖȚȕȐȟȐȑ Dzȓțȉ ȕȈ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǹ ȖȗȍȟȈ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȗȕ ȍȝȈȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉ ȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȚȈȕȞȍ-
ȊȈȓȈ șȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ Ȉ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ Ȋ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȍ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕț ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȔțȟȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș țȎȈșȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ — ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȏȐȔȖȑ Ȋ ȖȚȚȍȗȍȓȤ — ȧ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ
șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǵț ȞȍȓțȑȚȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǾȍȓțȑȚȍ
Ƕȕ Ȗȉȕȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȋțȉȣ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȋțȉȈȔ Ȑ ȖȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȧ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȒȓȈ
ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ țȔȖȓȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȔțȎ ȕȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȐȓȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ șȗȍȠȐȚ ș ȥȚȐȔ șȊȈȚȖȊ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȔ
Ǩ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȋȘȍȠȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ Țȍ-
ȓȍșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȕȕȍ șȕȐȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȕȣ ǿȈ-
șȚȖ șȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ dzȐȞȈ ȍȋȖ
ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȝȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘț-
ȌȤȦ ȍȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ

47
ǵȖ ȕȈȧȊț ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȓȈșȒȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȓ
șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȧ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ ș ȕȐȔ Ȉ ș ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ
ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȔ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȠțȚȐȓ Ȑ ȒȈȓȈȔȉțȘȐȓ ȠțȚȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȅȘȔȐȚȈȎ ȠțȚȧ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ — Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ș
ȕȐȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ țȊȍȘȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ
ǷȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ țȗȖȘȕȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ — șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ
șȊȖȍ ȌȍȊȐȟȍșȚȊȖ — ȏȈȟȍȔ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȇ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȔț Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍ-
ȕȧȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ țȔȖȓȧȓ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǵȖ ȧ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ
II.
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ǶȓȤȋȈ ȇ țȍȏȎȈȦ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȌȈȟț Ȋ DzȘȣȔ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȉȍȘȒțȓȍȏ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ
ȇ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȚȞț ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ǷȖ-
ȓȍȊȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ ș ǷȖȓȍȊȣȔ Ȋ ȇȓȚț ȉȘȖșȐȊ ȒțȘ-
șȣ Ǫ ȇȓȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȈș șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ Ȏȍȕț ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ǰ ȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ș ǷȖȓȍȊȣȔ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ
șȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȝȖȚȧ — ȊȐȌȐȚ ǩȖȋ — ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȔțȏȣȒț Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șȈȌ Ȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȋȖ
ǪȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȐȚȤ
șȍȓȤȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȊȖȌț ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ ș ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȝțȌȍȓ ȋțȉȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȎȐȊȣȍ Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȖ țȔȘȍȚ ǯȈ-
ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ș ȥȚȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ?
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȟȚȖ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȦ, — ȧ Ȍț-
ȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ

48
ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ
ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȐ ȕȈȠȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȒ Ȑ ȕȍȚ
șȐȓȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȕțȚȤ ȥȚț șȊȧȏȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȚ ȕȈș
— ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ. — Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ǵȈȌȖ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ǩ
ȥȚȖ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȊȍșȚȐ ș țȔȈ DzșȚȈ-
ȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ" ǿȍȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ"
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȉȖȋȈȚ Ǩ ȗȖ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ Ȗȕ ȝȐȔȐȒ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣ Ȋ țȟȍȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ,
ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȏțȟȐȊȠȐȑ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȐ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ șȗȐ-
ȘȐȚȐȏȔ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕț
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ ȕȍȋȖȌțȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ țȕȐȎȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȗȖȘȈ ș ȥȚȐȔ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȔ. — ȅȚȖ
ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔȖȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ ǶȓȤȋȈ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȕȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȖ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȍȕ ȇ ȗȐ-
Ƞț ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȍ șȖȟȍȚȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȖȗȚȐȒț ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒț" ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȔȖȧ ǶȓȤȋȈ ǹȍȘ-
ȋȍȍȊȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ ǫȖȚȖȊ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐ
ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȗȓȈȚȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȇ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈ ȖȚ ȌȖșȈȌȣ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȋȓțȗȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ țȎȐȕȈȚȤ ǹȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ǸȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȔȈȟȚȈȝ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖ-ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȗȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉțȝȚȣ ǽȖ-
ȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȝ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȓȦȉȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ-ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț
Ȋ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȚ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ
— ǪȖȚ Ȋȣ ȗȐȠȍȚȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ
Ȓ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȔț, — ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȊȈș ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚȖȔ Ǫ ȊȈȠȐȝ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȝ ȕȍȧșȕȣ ȚȍȔȣ Ȑ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ǵȖ
ȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ — ȗȘȍȌ-

49
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ — ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ"
ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ" ǬțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ țȔȘȍȔ ǷȖȑȔȐȚȍ ȥȚȖ Ǵȣ țȔȘȍȔ
Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȕȖ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȝț-
ȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ țșȗȍȊȈȍȚȍ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȚȤ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ Ȉ Ȕȣ
ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ șȎȐȋȈȍȔ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ — Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȍȗȍȓ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȗȘȈȝ
ǵȖ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǰ Ȋȣ Ȑ ǶȓȤȋȈ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȍ Ǫșȍ Ȕȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ ȗȖșȚȣȌȕȖ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȔ, Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ
ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȌȖȎȐȊȈȍȔ țȔȐȘȈȍȔ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ ș ȊȈȠȐȔȐ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȐȔȐ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚȍ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ǵȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȈȚȤ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȊȈș
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș Ȑ ȊșȦ ȗțșȚȖȚț ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ
ȧ șȒȘȖȔȕȖ ȔȖȓȟț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ©ȋȓȈȋȖȓȖȔ ȎȍȟȤ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ȓȦȌȍȑª Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȈȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍȚ
șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȖȉȡțȦ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȗȐȚȤ ȊȐȕȖ ȊȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȥȜȐȘ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȧȚȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǪȐȕȖ ȥȜȐȘ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȊȈȎȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ
țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ, — Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȧ țȔȍȦ ȞȍȕȐȚȤ ǷȖȍȌȍȔȚȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȈșȤ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ ȘȈș-
ȒȈȠȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȎȈȓ ǰ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȐ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȒȍ ȌȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȟȍȔ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ǺȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
III.
— ǷȖșȐȌȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ǵȕȍ ȎțȚȒȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȘȐș
ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ

50
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȒȘȍȖȏȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ
ȗȖȓȖȒ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ș ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȒȓȧȕȒȈȔȐ ȊȍȧȓȖ țȟȍȕȣȔ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ǰ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȐȖȚ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȘȈșȗȧȚȐȍȔ Ǵȣ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȗȓȍȚȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘȍșȓȈȝ
Ƕȕ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ș ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȔ Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȍ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ƕȓȧ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȕȈȌȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚȤ"
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ" DzȈȒ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋ ȔȐȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ
ȕȍȟȚȖ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȓȍȕȐȊȣ Ȑ ȒȖșȕȣ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȘȧ ȕȍ-
ȔțȌȘȖ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ Ȍȕȧȝ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț ȧ
ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ
Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ" ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
șȚȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌțȠȐȚȤ ȒȈȠȍȓȤ
Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ȑ ȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ — ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ș țȎȈșȖȔ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ǶȓȤȋȈ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȎȐȓȐ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ
Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ
ȉȘȈȒ ȕȈȠ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȕȍȚ
— ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ" ǵȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈ ǰ ȕȍ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȇ țȔȐȘȈȦ Ȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȐ Țȣ ȕȐ ȧ ȕȍ
țȏȕȈȍȔ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȘȣȚȖ
ȖȚ ȕȈș ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǿȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚȤ ǰ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȓȍȗȖȚȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ
Ƕȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈșȒȈȠȓȧȓșȧ Ǵȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ,
Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ țȠȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǭȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȝȖȘȈȌȐȓȖ ǰ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȚȘȐ
ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȠ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǭȡȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ

51
Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟȈ ȍȡȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ
ȘțȒȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȔȐȘȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȍȔ
Ȕȣ — ȎȐȊȣȍ
ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȑ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȕ ȕȍ ȏȊȈȓ șȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȟȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ ȧșȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ
șȚțȟȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǰ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ șȚȘȖȋȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȋȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ,
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȍȔț
ȟȚȖ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ
ȕȍțȔȕȈȧ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȈȧ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȋȘȖȎȈȓ
ȍȔț ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ
ǻȔȍȘ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ș ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ — ȟȐșȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȐȦȓȧ
ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȗȖȓțȖȌȍȚȈȧ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣȊȈȓȖ, ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓțȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈȌȒȐ ț ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǩȖ-
ȘȐșȈ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ
Ǫ Ȓțȝȕȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȈ țȠȓȈ
ǵȈȒȐȕțȊ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȍȑ ȒȖȜȚȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ Ȑȝ
ȇ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ǩȓȈȊȈȚ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȏ Ƞȓȧȗȣ ȓȖȔȈȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
ȇ ȏȊȖȕȐȓȈ Ȑ șȚțȟȈȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ț ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȍȊȈȓ-
șȧ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȊȗțșȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȚȣȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȚțȓȤȧ Ȑ
ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ

52
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟȈ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ DzȘȣȔț
ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈ ȌȈȟț — ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔț Ȑ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȎȍȔ ȕȈ șȖȕ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟ țȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ
ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ Ȑ
țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ — șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉțȘȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ
ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȓțȝȖȕȍȔȖȋȖ șȕȈ
Ǵȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ǷȈȝȓȖ șȖȓȤȦ Ȑ ȘȣȉȖȦ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈș ȉȍȘȍȋ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȈȎȍȕ Ȑ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȌȖșȒȐ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ
ȔȖȘȍȔ
ǴȐȔȖ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ș ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȟȍȔ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ǯȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȒțȌȘȧȊȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȉȖșȣȝ
ȕȖȎȖȕȒȈȝ ȏȈȗȈȟȒȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ șȚȈȘțȝȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȧ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȋȖ
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȘȣȉȈȟȒȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȉțȘȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ
șȍȚȒȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȈȧ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ — ȕȐ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȕȐ
ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȐȟȈ ȕȐ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȚȞȈ ȕȐ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȍȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȐȔ
ȗȐșȤȔȈȔ
ȇ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ș ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ
Ȋ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ ȏȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȍȑ — Ȑ ȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȣȊȈȓȈ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȊȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǩȓȈ-
ȊȈȚșȒȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ țșȚțȗȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȖȓȖȓȈ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȉțȓȈȊȒȖȑ ǰ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȕȣ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ DzȖȘȍȐȏ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ

53
ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȍ ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ ǫțȉȍȘȚ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȔȖȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ
Ȑ ȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȕȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ ȕȈȒȘȍ-
ȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȘȖȏȈȔȐ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ,
ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȔȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȎțȚȒȖȍ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ șȍȚȒȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȏȈ șȖȊȍȚȖȔ Ȓ ȋȖșȗȖȎȍ ǫțȉȍȘȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȈȒțȠȍȘȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȈ
— ǵȖ ȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ
— Ƕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȋȌȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ șȓțȟȈȐ ȞȐ-
ȕȐȟȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ-ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȔț Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȖȉȊȍȕȟȈȚȤșȧ Ǵȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ Ȋ DzȖȘȍȐȏȍ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ
șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȧ ȖȌȕȈ țȍȝȈȓȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț Ȓ ȖȚȞț
ǪȍșȕȖȦ ȧ ȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȕȖ ȘȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȗȖ-
ȓțȟȕȣ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ țȔȍȘ Ȉ ȧ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓȈ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȥȒȓȈȔȗșȐȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȓȐȕȐȒț
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ.
ǰ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ǩ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȖȌȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ
țȎȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȈ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȡȐȒ Ȋ
Ȓțȝȕȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓșȧ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȒȖȑ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȉȣȓȈ ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊȈ ȕȖ ǩȖȋ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȖȌ-
ȕț Ȑȏ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȚȈȑȕ
ǵȖ șȐȓȣ ȔȖȐ șȓȈȉȣ Ȉ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȈ DzȈȒ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȔȖȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ"
ǪȖȚ ȧ șȐȎț ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖ-

ȘȧȚ Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ Ȉ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȌȍ-
ȓȧȦșȤ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȑ ǶȓȤȋȐ ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȑ
șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȗ ȊȈȠȐȝ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȝ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȈȝ
ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ Ǵȣ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ Ȓ ȐșȚȐȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȣ ȕȖ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȒȖșȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȖ-
șȚȐ ȎȐȊȍȔ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȍȔ ȗȖșȚȣȌȕȖ
ǰ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕț Ȉ ȉȍȏ Ȑȝ ȊȖȓȐ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ǩȖȘȐș ǨȕȌ-
ȘȍȍȊȐȟ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȍȋȖ
ǵȖ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȔȖȐȝ ș ȕȐȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ șȔȍȦ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ

55
ǽǾǶǰǶDzdzǻǶdz
I
ȇ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍȗȈȘȚȐȑȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȔȕȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚȕȖȠțșȤ ș ȚȍȘȗȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-
Ȕț ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȍȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȈȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ-
ȞȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȖȌȟȈș șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȈ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ-
ȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍțȔȕȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ
ȉȍșȗȈȘȚȐȑȕȖșȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ț șȍȉȧ
ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ ȓȐȞ ȥȚȖȦ șȈȔȖȦ ȉȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȖȦ ȈȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈȞȐȍȑ ȋȖ-
ȕȐȔȣȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȚț ȖȚȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȍȔª ȧ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚ-
șȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȋȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ" ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ǵȖȟțȑȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ-
șȚȈ ǭȔț ȐȏȊȖȓȐȚȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ —
ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȐȝ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉ Ȉ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȈȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȣ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ ȇ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȐȟț ȌȖȊȍȘȧȦ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȍȋȖ țȊȈȎȈȦ ǰ
ȊȘȈȟ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȐȑ Ȑ Ȏȍȕț ȔȖȦ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȗȈș ȝȖȚȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȓȧ ǩȖȎȤȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ǩȖȋȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈ ȕȖȟȤ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊ-
ȋȍȕȐȑª
ȇ ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȧ ȏȈȕȧȚ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ș ȊȈȔȐ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ ȊȖȚ șȦȌȈ ǨȕȕțȠȒȈ ȊȈȔ ȗȖș-
ȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȧȚ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȊȍȚȟȐȕȈ ȍșȓȐ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȌȖȟȒȐ ȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ"
— ǵȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȧ ȊȖȌȒȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț
— ǵț Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ.
ǵȈȌȖ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǴȈȘȐȐ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȕȣ

56
Ȏȍȕȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȓ
ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ©dzȈȊșȈȐȒȖȕ» ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ǷȈȓȓȈȌȐȧ Ǫȣ Ȑȏ-
ȊȖȓȐȚȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȒȕȐȋț" ǿȐȚȈȦ ȧ ȥȚț șȈȔțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
«Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ — ȌțȔȈȦ — Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖșȚȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚ ǷȖȑȌț-ȒȈ ȧ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ».
ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ
— ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ"
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
— ǻșȓȣȠȈȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȊȈȠȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖșȊȍȌȖ-
ȔȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ ǨȕȕțȠȒȈ ȊȐȎț ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȊȈȔ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȓȐȓȈ Ǩ ȊȈȔ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍ șȗȐȚșȧ ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȒțșȐȓȐ" ǪȍȚȟȐ-
ȕȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȗȓȖȝȈȧ ȔȈȓȖșȖȓȤȕȈȧ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȍșȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț Ȑ șȗȈȚȤ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȗȖ-
ȌȐȊȐȓșȧ țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȐȞȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋțȉȣ ǰ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ǰ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ Ȑ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȕ DzȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȑ șȚȖȐȚ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȦ șȍȑȟȈș ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ șțȚțȓȣȑ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊȣȑ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ dzȖȉ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȋȓț-
ȉȐȕț ȕȍȓȈșȒȖȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȋȕȍȏȌ
ǵȖș ȉȣȓ ȕȍȚȖȕȒȐȑ Ȉ ȋțȉȣ șțȝȐȍ Ȑ Ȋȧȓȣȍ șȒțȟȕȖ ȒȘȐȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȓȣȉȒț
— ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖ ȊȈȔ" ǺȖșȒțȍȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȟȈȧȕ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȈȔ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉȍȏ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȔ
©ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȒȖșȈ
— ǵȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ǺȈȒ șȍȉȍ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȚȍșȤ Ǫȣ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ Ǵȕȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖ-
Ȕț ȓȈȌȕȖ
— ǯȈȕȧȚ-ȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȌȈ șȗȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȍȚț — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ. — ©dzȈȊșȈȐȒȖȕª ȧ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȟȐȚȈȓ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ©dzȈȊșȈȐȒȖȕª"
— ǭȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ǭȓȐȕȖȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ǷȈȓȓȈȌȐȧ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ

57
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ"
— Ƕ șȊȧȚȣȝ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ Ȗȉ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧȝ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȊȐȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗ ȌȍȔȖȕȈȝ-șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȧȝ
— ǿȍȗțȝȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª —
ǶȝȖȚȈ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȒțȦ ȍȘțȕȌț ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ǺțȚ țȎȍ ȧ ȖȉȐȌȍȓșȧ
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ
șȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȊȈȠȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ.
Ǩ" ǪȍȌȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ"
— ǰ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ǹțȍȊȍȘȐȧ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦ ǸȈȉȣ, — ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚ, — ȊșȍȋȌȈ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣ ǵȈ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧȝ ȌțȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȚșȧ
ȇ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȚȍȘȗȍȓ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǭșȓȐ țȎ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȠȓȖ Ȑ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ȋ ȌȍȓȈȝ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȣȝ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȖȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȌțȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȟȍȘȚȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ
ǸȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȑ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑ
— ǿȍȘȚȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" — șȔȍȍȚșȧ. — Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȚȈȒțȦ
ȠȚțȒț șȓȣȠț ȀțȚȕȐȒ Ȋȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
— ǵȍ ȠțȚȕȐȒ Ȉ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ DzȚȖ ȖȚ șțȍȚȣ ȘȈș-
șȍȧȕ ȚȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȉ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ
ȚȈȒ Ȑ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȥȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȖȎȐ ș ȘȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȈȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈȚȖȘ-
șȒȐȝ șȗȐȕ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȍ.
— ǨȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȏȈȉȈȊȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ
ǨȧȍȔț
— ǨȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȑ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǨȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ.
Ǩ ȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚ
— ǭȡȍ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚ — șȔȍȍȚșȧ — ȒȖȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍȘȚȍȑ ș
ȘȖȋȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
Ǩ ȧ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔȍȘȐȍ, ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȈȏȈȘȚ ȊȖȠȍȓ
— ǬȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ șȍȉȧ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȦ ȐȌȍȑȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȦ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȍȡȐ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȧȏȈȍȔȣȍ Ȉ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȤ
ȖȌȐȕ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȏ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȐȧ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ"
ǵȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ-ȕȈȊȣȊȖȘȖȚ"

58
— ǬȈ țȎ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȈȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȉ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȕȍșȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȕȍȘȍȈȓȍȕ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ-ȒȈ ȗȖȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈș ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ — Ȑ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȟȚȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ, ȒȘȖȔȍ șȐȓ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ DzȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ?
Ǩ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȘ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ Ȑ
șȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ șțȉȢȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǶȚȕȐȔȐȚȍ ț ȔȐȘȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ
Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚșȧ" ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȖȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȥȗȖȝȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǴȈȒȍȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ǵȈȗȖ-
ȓȍȖȕȈ șȖȊȔȍșȚȐȚșȧ ǼȈȕȚȈșȔȈȋȖȘȐȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǰȏ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ-ȚȖ, ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ
Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȈȠȐ ȟȍȘȚȐ ȘȖȋȈȚȣ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚȈȚȣ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ ȖȕȐ
Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚșȧ
— ǵȍȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖ ȟȍȘȚȍȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȧ șȚȖȓȤ
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȎț ȚȈȒ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒ ȕȈȠ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ — Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȋȘțȉȣȑ
ȧȏȣȒ — ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ
ǿȍȘȚȐ ș ȝȊȖșȚȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȚȖ șȐȔȊȖȓȣ — ȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ"
— ȅ ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ș ȒȈȒȖȦ-ȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ
ȏȓȖȉȖȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȉ șȈȔ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ"
Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚ Ȑ ȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ-ȚȖ ȥȚȐȝ"
ȇ ȔȖȓȟț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ǹȔȖȚȘȦ ȧ ȝȖȌȐȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȍȚ
— ǪȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȦȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ-
șțȡȕȣȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ. ǷȖȗ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȗȉ ȈȌșȒȐȝ ȔțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȍȚ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ ȏțȉȘȐȚȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȚȐȠȒȐ
dzȍȘȔȖȕȚȖȊȈ Ȗ ȌȍȔȖȕȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȣ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ Ȗ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȍ ȚȊȍȘȌȧȚ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȧșȤ ȕȍȔțȌȘȍȕȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚțȔȈȕ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȣȑ
ȇ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȋ ȘȍȟȤ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȖ ȊșȚȈȊȐȚȤ

59
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȍȟȚȖ ǸȈȏ-
ȕȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȓțȟț șȔȍȠȈȓȐ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ǪȌȘțȋ
ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȋȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ț ȊȈș ȊȖȌȒȈ ȍșȚȤ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ
ȊȖȌȒț ȗȐȚȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ, ȕȖ Ȑȏ
ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǹ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȘȦȔȒȐ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊȣȗȤȦ
ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȟȐȒȖȔ ǵȈȌȖ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ
ȥȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ Ȋ ȔȈȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȋ
ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ț ȕȈș ȕȖȟȐ ȔȈȑșȒȐȍ — ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
Ȋȍȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ ǪȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȧ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȟȐȒȖȔ ǹȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȈ
șȚȖȓ ǹȖȊșȍȔ șȊȍȚȓȖ Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ Ȉ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ- ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ǷȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȕȖ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȊȐȎț Ȑ
ȗțșȚȣȍ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȣ ȋȓȈȏ ǺȈȒ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȒȈȒ șȖȕ ȒȈȒȖȑ
Ȕȕȍ șȕȐȓșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȦ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑ» ǹǰǬǰǺ Ȑ ȊȖȌȒț ȗȤȍȚ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ
ȘȦȔȒȐ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȟȍȘȚȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ"
ȇ ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȦ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȓ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǩȖȋ — șȊȖȉȖȌȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȍȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȍȘȚȐ șȒȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ș țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȍȎȍȓȐ ǩȖȋ — ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȖȑ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȟȍȘȚȧȔ ȚȖȠȕȖ DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȏȈȊȍ-
Ȍȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț șȊȖȍ șȚȖȑȓȖ ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȖ Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ
șȖȖȉȡȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȘțȒț șȈȚȈȕȍ
ǶȚșȦȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȠȓȖ — ȟȍȘȕȈȧ șȖȚȕȧ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ
Ȍȍȓȍ ȖȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐȝȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȟȍȘȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ
ȗȘȈȊȧȚ
ǻȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ, ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț, ș ȟȍȘȚȧȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌȖ"

60
— ǶȚȒȘȣȚȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȝȐȚ-
ȘȖșȚȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȉȖȘȖȓȐșȤ
— Ǩ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȠȈȦȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȕȣȝ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ șț-
ȘȖȊȖ Ȉ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȘțȒȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ
ȇ ȍȔț ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǭȎȍȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȏȈ ǩȖȋȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȏȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ ȏȈ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌț ȐșȚȐȕȕțȦ Ȑ țȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ — ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȍȕȍȞ
ȔțȟȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ
— ǵț Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ǩȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȉ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȊȍșȧȚ ȍȋȖ
ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȖȔț ȉțȌȍȚ, ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț"
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǫȌȍ ǩȖȋ ȚȈȔ
Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, ȟȐșȚȣȑ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȖȚ ǩȖȋȈ ȖȚȘȍ-
ȒȈȍȚșȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȋȓțȗȣȑ Ȗȕ ǺȈȒȖȔț ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ
ȕȈȠ ǰȐșțș ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȗȖ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔȐȦ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȒȚȖ ȖȚ ǩȖȋȈ ȖȚȘȍȒȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȔț Ȑ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț
ȚȘțȌȕȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ
ǪȐȎț ȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȖșȚȤ ȔȖȑ șȍȌȤȔțȦ ȘȦȔȒț șȍȉȍ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȇ
ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ ȌȍȘȕțȓ
— ǵȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ" Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȉȣ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ǪȖȚ
ȊȈȔ ȋȖȘȟȐȞȈ Ȓ ȊȍȚȟȐȕȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǫȘȐȋȖ-
ȘȤȍȊȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȐ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȔȈ
ȕȍȚ ǶȕȈ ț șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȣ ȋȖșȚȐȚ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȋȖȘȟȐȞȈ — șȔȍȍȚșȧ — Ȑ ȊȍȚȟȐȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ
ǯȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
ǬȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ
ǷȤȍȔ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǿțȊșȚȊțȦ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǯȈȝȔȍȓȍȓ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȘȦȔȒț ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ
— ǬȖȓȖȑ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȦ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚ
ȇ șȔȍȦșȤ ȕȍ ȗȤȦ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȝȔțȘȐȚșȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț
ȕȍ ȗȤȦ ȇ ȍȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ǵȍ ȗȤȦ ȔȖȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȊȘȍȌȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ Ȉ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔț ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈ-
ȚȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ Ȑ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȈȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȖȌȖȉȘȧȦ ȊȖȊșȍ ǷȖ-
ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȓ
— dzȈȌȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȧ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȣȗȤȦ
ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȝȔȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȍȏ Ȑ
©Țȣª Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ

61
— ǷȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȌȈȒ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ
ȚȊȖȐȝ ȟȍȘȚȍȑ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȇ Ȑȝ ȗșȐ-
ȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ
ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
Ǩ șȈȔ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȒȈȠȓȧȍȚ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȒȖșȚȧȕȖȍ șȒȍȓȍȚȕȖȍ
ǺȈȒ ȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓ Ǫ șȍȔȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȗȕ ȖȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ țȠȍȓ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȋȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȏȘȧȌȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȚȖȔȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ — caȔȐ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
II
ǸȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ȔȖȍȑ ș ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ
ǭȊȋȍȕȐȍȔª ȚȖȎȍ Ȋ ȔȈȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍ șȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǮȐȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǻ ǴȈȘȤȐ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȕȣ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȓȍȊȘȐȚ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȘȍșșȈȝ ȇ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ ȒțȝȈȘȒȈ ȕȈȠȈ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȉȘȈȚț ȕȈ șȊȈȌȤȉț ǶșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ș ȖȌȕȖȦ ǨȕȕțȠ-
ȒȖȦ Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȧ ǨȕȕțȠȒț Ȋ ȈȗȚȍȒț ȏȈ ȈșȗȐȘȐȕȖȔ
ǶȕȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȈ Ǩ ȧ
ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ ȒțȝȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ Ȓ ǴȈȘȤȍ ǫȘȐȋȖ-
ȘȤȍȊȕȍ ȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȗȐȚ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ, ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ
ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ Ȑ șȍȓ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǪȖȚ ȌțȔȈȦ ȗȖȟȐ-
ȚȈȦ ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǻȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȖȟȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ DzȈșșȐȈȕȈ ǸȐȔȓȧȕȐȕȈ ǹȐȎț ȧ ȚȈȒ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ
ȥȚȐȔ ȚȖȔȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȣȠț ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋț țȘȖȕȐȓ ȌȈȎȍ ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȐȚ Ȉ ȧ ȏȈȟȐȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
Ƞț ǰȌț ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ — ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
Ǩ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȕȐȏț Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȏȊȖȕȐȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǻȌȐȊȐȓșȧ
ȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȔȍȌȓȐȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȏȈȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȊȐȎț șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ș
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȋȖȌ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ǰȏțȔȐȓșȧ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ

62
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ, ǨȕȕțȠȒȈ, Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ
ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȚȤ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ țșȔȍ-
ȝȈȍȚșȧ «Ƕȕ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ?» — ȌțȔȈȦ Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șț-
Țțȓȣȑ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊȣȑ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȓȖȉ ȍȋȖ ȒȘț-
ȚȖȑ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȕȍȏȌ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȧȚ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ șțȝȐȍ Ȑ Ȋȧȓȣȍ.
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȖ
Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȝțȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ
șȚȖȦ Ȉ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǮțȚȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȈ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ
«ȅȚȖ — ȌțȔȈȦ — șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ».
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȗȧȚȐȚșȧ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤ
ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȖȘȖȊȐȚ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȖȚȠȔȣȋȕțȚȤ ȇ ȍȋȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ țșȗȍȓ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ — ȏȈ țȋȖȓ,
ȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ǩ ȚȈȔ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ț ȕȈș ȍȎȍȓȐ ȓȈȔȗȣ
ȕȍȚ ȇ ȏȈ ȋȖșȚȍȔ ȔȖȐȔ
— DzțȌȈ Ȋȣ" — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ. — DzțȌȈ"
ǹȓȣȠț ȠȈȋȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȊȐȎț Ȋ ȒțȝȕȦ ȇ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȚțȌȈ ǪȝȖȎț Ȋ Ȓțȝ-
ȕȦ: ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ǺȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ
©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª ǰ șȚȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖ, Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ țȎȈșȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ șȚȖȦ șȣȘȖ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
«ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȌțȔȈȦ — ǰ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ
șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ" ǰ ȝȖȚȤ ȉȣ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ»
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ Ȓ ǴȈȘȤȍ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊ-
ȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȇ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣȓȖ ǴȈȘȤȧ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȘȈșșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
— ǷȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ

ǵȍȌȍȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦ ȧ Ȋ dzȍȚȕȍȔ șȈȌț ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȧª
ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǹȐȌȐȔ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȍȟȒȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ
ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǴȈȘșȖȊȈ ȗȖȓȧ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȚȈȚțȧ ǨȔțȘȈ Ȑ
ǷșȐȝȍȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" ǹȐȌȐȔ Ȑ ȉȍșȍȌțȍȔ ȕȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȓȦȉțȍȔșȧ ǩȍ-
ȋȈȦȚ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȈȘȈȗțȏȐȒȐ — ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ǩ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª ǽȖȟȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
ȋȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȉ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ǬȐȊȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘ-
ȋȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȕȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȐȟț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ: ȕȈ ȗȘȐȍȔ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț șȗȍȠȐȓ ǹȚȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȚȤșȧ ǵȍ țȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— Ǩ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȋȌȍ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ©ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȑª" ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ" ǵȖȟȍȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ, — ȏȕȈȦ ǭȋȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ Ȋ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȍ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȐ... ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȕȕȍ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț ȕȈȌȖ
ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ
_____
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȗ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȐ ǴȈȒșȐȔ ǨȕȚȖȕȖ-
ȊȐȟ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȣșȒȈȎȍȔșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț
ǷȖȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ǸțȌȐȔȍȕȒȖ șȓȣȊȠȐȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈș
șȒȍȗȚȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȌțȔȞȍȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ
șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ șȓțȟȈȐ șțȚȤ ©ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊțȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț ȊȓȐȧȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȧ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȍȗȈȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣª
ǹ ȥȚȐȔ ȔȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ȝȖȚȧ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ
ș ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȍ-ȒȖȔț ȘȐșȒȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ

64
I
ȍșȕȖȦ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȣȝ ȕȖ-
ȔȍȘȖȊ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈ-
ȕȖ ©Ǫ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ țȔȍȘ ȌțȘȈȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ,
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȎȍ-
ȓȈȍȚª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǬȍȒȈȘȚ Ǫ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧȝ ǽȘȐș-
ȚȐȈȕȈ ǫȦȑȋȍȕșȈ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ Ȓ ȉȘȈȚț ǰȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȧ Ȑ ȏȈȐȔ-
șȚȊțȦ ȔȖȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șȚȈȚȤȍ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȗȖȧ-
ȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȌȊȈ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȊȍȒȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǬȍȒȈȘȚ ȊȍȘȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ȋ
șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȊȖȦȍȚ
șȍȉȍ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǰȕȣȍ ȗȣȓȒȐȍ țȟȍȕȐȒȐ ȍȋȖ
ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ-
ȔȈ ȐȏțȔȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǬȍȒȈȘȚ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ
ǴȖȐ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ ȊȍȘț Ȋ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ
ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȧ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓț ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȊȖȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ Ȑȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȕ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȖ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔ
Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ ǪȖȗȘȍȒȐ Ȕȕȍ-
ȕȐȦ ǬȍȒȈȘȚȈ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈȠ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȘȈȏțȔ ȇ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ
ȚȈȑȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȍ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖ ȖȗȣȚț ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋțȚ șȖȟȍȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȈ
ȋȘȈȕȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ

65
ȇ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȣșȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȌȖ-
ȗțșȚȐȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȖȊ Ȑȕȣȝ Ȑ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ
șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȋȕȖșȚȐȞȐȏȔ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ
șȈȔ șȒȍȗȚȐȒ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȣȕȐ Ȑ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȍ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘȐ ǵȖ ȧ țȔȍȦ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖ
ȊșȍȔț — ȌȈȎȍ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔț șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔț ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț
ȧ ȕȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȦșȤ ǷȐȘȖȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ
ȔȐȔȖ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ Ȋ ȧȔț ǨȕȈȒșȈȘȝȈ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȈȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȕȍȚ Ȗȕ ȘțȒț șȊȖȍȔț ȏȓȖ-
ȗȖȓțȟȕȖȔț țȟȍȕȐȒț DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȧ ȞȍȕȦ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȑ șȔȣșȓ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȍȋȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȍ ș ȒȍȔ
ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȗ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ ȔȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȔȖȦ
Ȏȍȕț ȓȦȉȐȓ ȕȍȎȕȖ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖ ǰ șȈȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȍȍ — ǪȍȘȈ —
ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȚȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȑșȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȈ ȔȖȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ ǪȍȘȣ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȑ ȖșȚȘȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ
ǪȍȘȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ șȖȉȖȦ — șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȔțȌȘȈȧ Ȑ ȕȈȐȊȕȈȧ șȚȘȖȋȈȧ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȦ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȏȕȤ ȉȍȏ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȚȈ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕȈȧ ǭȊȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȗȍșȕȐ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠ
ȔȐȘ ȈȕȋȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȑ șȊȍȚ șȐȧȍȚ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈ-
ȕȈ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ
II
ǬȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȕȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ — ȧ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ

66
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȋȖȌ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ țȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȦ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǪȍȕȍȞȐȦ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ
ȋȖȕȌȖȓȈ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȖȚȟȈȓȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ȑ ȋȖȕȌȖȓȤȍȘ ȕȍșȗȍ-
ȠȕȖ ȋȘȍȉȧ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȕȈȓȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȚȐȠȐȕț ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȕȖ-
ȟȐ Ȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȠțȘȠȈȡȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ
ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȔ ȔȖșȚȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ
ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȤ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȓȍș-
ȒȈȓȈșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈȠț ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ
ȘȈșȗȧȚȐȍȔ Ȑ ș ȔȍȉȍȓȤȦ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȍȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȚ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕ ǫȖȓȤȌȖȕȐ ǺȤȍȗȖȓȖ Ȑ DzȈȏȈȕȖȊȣ Ȕȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȍȏȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖ ȒȈȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȕȈȠ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȐȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȘȕȖ
ǬȕȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ǪȍȕȍȞȐȐ ǷȈȌțȍ Ȑ ǼȓȖ-
ȘȍȕȞȐȐ țȋȈșȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȕȣ Ǵȣ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ Ȋ ǸȐȔ
— Ǫ ǸȐȔ Ǫ ǸȐȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǪȍȘȈ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȔ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ
ǰ ȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǸȐȔ
ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ
ǵȖ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑȏ ǼȓȖȘȍȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ǸȐȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȝ ǰ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ
Ȋ ǸȐȔȍ
— ǹȚȣȌȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ȧ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȓ ǪȍȟȕȖȔț ǫȖȘȖȌț
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȔȖȐ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐșȤ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȘțȠȈȓȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǸȐȔ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȗȓȍȕȐȓ ȕȈș
Ǵȣ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ DzȈȗȐȚȖȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȔȈ ȕȈ
YLD GHO &DPSLGRJOLR ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȓ ǸȐȔșȒȖȔț
ǼȖȘțȔț. ǰȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ
— ȚȘȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȚ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǪȍșȗȈșȐȈȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ȝȘȈȔȈ ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ȉȈȏȐȓȐȒȈ ȆȓȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȋȖ ǸȐȔȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șț-
ȘȖȊȣȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ țȊȓȍȒ ȕȈș Ǵȣ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓȐșȤ
ǸȐȔȖȔ ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȗȣȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ǪȈȚȐȒȈȕȈ ȕȖ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȕȣ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ǸȐȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ

67
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ șȚȘȖȋȐȝ ȜȘȍșȖȒ Ȑȝ ȌȐȊȕțȦ ȔȖȕț-
ȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȐ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦȉțȧșȤ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȦ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ ǩȍȘȕȐȕȐ Ȑ
ȔȘȈȔȖȘȖȔ Ȑȕȣȝ ȊȐȓȓ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ;9,,,
ȊȍȒȈ
Ǵȣ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ǸȐȔȖȔ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȊȌȣȝȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ DzȈȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȐ țȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ ȖȚȣșȒȐ-
ȊȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
Ȑ ș ȕȍȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȉȣȓȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ǵȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȔȖȍȑ Ȍț-
ȠȐ ȧ ȚȈȐȓ șȔțȚȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȖȍȔț șȟȈșȚȤȦ țȋȘȖ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȋțȓȧȧ ȗȖ ǸȐȔț Ȕȣ ȏȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȈȏȐȓȐȒț șȊ DzȓȐ-
ȔȍȕȚȈ DzȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ǶȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȔ ȧȘțșȍ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ șȓț-
ȎȈȚ Ȕȍșșț șȘȍȌȐ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ șȚȍȕ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȦ
ȔȖȏȈȐȒȖȦ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ș șȐȔȊȖȓȈȔȐ ȍȊȈȕȋȍ-
ȓȐșȚȖȊ șȊ DzȓȐȔȍȕȚȈ șȊ dzȈȊȘȍȕȚȐȧ Ȑ șȊ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǪȐȜȓȍȍȔ
— ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȈȧ
ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȈȧ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ șȊȍȟȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȜȘȍșȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȚȊȈ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓțșȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ȘȐșțȕȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȥȒșȚȈȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ Ȑ
ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ǩ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ
țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȕȣȕȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȈȧ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ — ȧȏȣȟȍ-
șȒȈȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȝȘȈȔ ǴȐȚȘȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȓșȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȐȚțȈȓ — ȌȈȘ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȉȍȏȊȍȘȐȍȔ ǸȐȔț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ șȓțȎȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ǵȣ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȔȖȏȈȐȒț Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȚțȘȐșȚȖȊ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȈș Ƞȍȓ ș ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȔȖȕȈȝ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ ș ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȔ ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȕȈ ȜȘȍșȒȐ
— ǪȖȚ« ǵȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ șȍȌȤȔȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ«
— ǪȖȚ« ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȗȖ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȖȔț Ȗȉȣ-
ȟȈȦ«
ǭȋȖ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȗȖȌ
șȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ǵȣ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȔȖȕȈȝȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐ-

68
ȊȈȓȐ ȜȘȍșȒȐ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȧșȤ Ȑȝ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȧ Ȑ ǪȍȘȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ
— ȚȍȔ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȔ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȠȍȌȍȊȘ
ȖȚȘȈȏȐȊȠȐȑ ȚȊȖȦ ȔȍȟȚț ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȚȊȖȑ șȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȘȈȕȐȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȜȘȍșȒȈ Ȋ ȕȐȠȍ — ǴȈ-
ȌȖȕȕȈ ș ǰȐșțșȖȔ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ǿȈșȚȤ ȜȘȍșȒȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ǭȌȊȈ-ȍȌ-
ȊȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȐȒ ǽȘȐș-
ȚȈ ȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ ǪȍȟȕȖȑ ǬȍȊȣ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑșȒțȦ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȕț Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȕȐȔȉȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȐȊȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ
— ǫȓȈȏȈ DzȈȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǪȍȘȈ ȒȈșȈȧșȤ ȘțȒȖȦ
ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȐ
ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ǪȍȘȖȦ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣ ș
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǴȈȌȖȕȕȣ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ǪȍȘȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ șȓțȟȈȑȕțȦ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȦ ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȋ ȌțȠȍ Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ Ȋ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȚȈȒ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ?
©ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȓȐ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȔț șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖȔț șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ" ǴȈșȚȍȘ 9, ȊȍȒȈ ȗȐșȈȊȠȐȑ ǴȈȌȖȕȕț
ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȍȍ ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȕȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȉ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖȊ-
șȍ ȕȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑª DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ
ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȊȕțȠȍȕȐȦ ȧ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒț ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȚȈ Ȏȍ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȈȧ ȓȐȕȐȧ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȗȣȓȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȉȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȐȕȐȔȐ
ȒȘțȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȖȚ« ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ ȖȚ ȓȐȞȈ ǴȈ-
ȌȖȕȕȣ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ǰ ȓȐȠȤ ȥȚȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȓțȒȈȊȈȧ Ȑ ȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȈ ȚȖȎȌȍ-

70
șȚȊȖ ȌȊțȝ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȜȘȍșȒȍ — ȌȊțȝ ȓȐȞ
ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȠȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȗȘȐ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȑ șȊȍȟȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ǵȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ șȗțȚȕȐȞț
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȔȖȕȈȝ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȜȘȍșȒț
ȕȈȌ ȈȘȒȖȑ — ȊȖȚ ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȧȚȣ-
ȔȐ«ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ȉȍȌȍȒȍȘ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȍȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȘțșșȒȐ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș
ǷȘȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ Ȑȏ ȉȈȏȐȓȐȒȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȅȚȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȟȤȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ǴȈȌȖȕȕȖȦ ȚȈȒ ȐȏțȔȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ǪȍȘț
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȘțșșȒȖȦ ȌȈȔȖȦ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȗȖ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȍ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȈȔ
ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȊ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȈȌȘȍșȈ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ș ǪȍȘȖȦ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȈ ȥȚȐȔ
șȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ș ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǪȍȟȕȖȑ ǬȍȊȣ,
ȗȘȐȋȘȍȏȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȐȚȈ-
ȓȤȧȕșȒȖȔț ȔȈșȚȍȘț
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȈ ȘțșșȒȈȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȚȐ-
ȝȖ ǪȍȘȈ.
ǰ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈȠȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȕȍșȓțȟȈȑȕȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȜȈȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
III
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ 3LD]]D GL 6SDJQD Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȦ ǭȓȍȕț ǶȒșȐȕșȒțȦ — ȚȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȠț ȕȖȊțȦ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ.
ǪȍȘȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȖ 9LD $SSLD Ȓ

71
ȒȈȚȈȒȖȔȉȈȔ șȊ DzȈȓȐȒșȚȈ ǶȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ȅȚȈ
ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ șȉȓȐȏȐȓȈ ȕȈș ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȊȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ — Ȋ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȧȝ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȝ Ȕțȏȍȧȝ ȉȈȏȐȓȐȒȈȝ Ȑ
ȊȐȓȓȈȝ« ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ǪȍȘȣ Ȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ șȔțȡȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȖȑ ǵȖ Ȑ șȈȔ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȟȈȘ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ
ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ǸȐȔȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ ȍȍ ȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȐ
ȍȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȘțȒ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ
ȓȐȓȐȐ
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈș ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȖȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȈȔ ȟȤȐ
ȗȘȍȌȒȐ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖ-
Ȍȍ Ȑ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȔț ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȦ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȒțȓȤ-
ȚțȘȣ ǵȖ ȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ ȍȍ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȔ țȔȍ ȚȖȕȒȖȔ ȊȒțșȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȏȔ ș ȧȊȕȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȔț Ȑ ȓȎȐȊȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ
șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǶȒșȐȕșȒȖȑ
ǹȍȕȤȖȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȖ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȘțȎȉȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȑ ǶȒșȐȕșȒȖȦ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ǵȍ-
ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȑ șȚȈ-
ȘțȠȒȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐȚȤ ȏȌȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȞȈ ȗȘȐșȊȖȐȊȠȍȋȖ
șȍȉȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒțȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ Ȏȍȕț ȔȖȦ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȟȈȠȒț ©ȘțșșȒȖȋȖª ȟȈȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȓȍȉ-
ȓȧșȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȖȎȈ-
ȓȍȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ ȋȘțșȚ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈ-
ȓțȑ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȖȏȖȘȍ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ǭȍ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ
Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȈ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ șȝȖȌșȚȊȍ ȥȒșȚȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȉȓȍșȒ

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Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȕȍțȔȕȖȔ șțȍȊȍȘȐȐ ȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȍȓȍȗȈȚȐȐ ȚȍȓȍȒȐȕȍȚȐȐ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐȐ Ȑ
ȚȍȓȍșȖȔȈȚȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ șțȌȐȓ ȖȉȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȈȝ ȈȕȐȔȐȏȔȈ ș ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȐțȔȈ.
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȐȕȤȖȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȖ
ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȔȍȌȐțȔȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȔȍȌȐțȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ
— ǹȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȔȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ — ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȕțȠȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ șȗȐȘȐȚȣ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ
ȕȈș țȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȥȚȖ ȐȔ
ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ǷȖȟȍȔț" ȇ ȗȘȐȌȈȦ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ Ȑ șȘȍȌȕȍ-
ȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȋȐȐ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ș șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȒȒțȓȤ-
ȚȐȏȔȖȔ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȐȋȕȖȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȖȊȖȌȖȊ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ǩ ȔȖȑ ȘȈȏțȔ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȖȌȈ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ șȗȐȘȐȚȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȚ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ șȒȖȔȗȘȖȔȍ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȔȈȕȈȔȐ ȠȈȘ-
ȓȈȚȈȕȖȊ
— Ǫȣ ȍȡȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȍȌȐț-
ȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
șȊȖȍȦ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȦ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȍȚȍ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȚȈȒȐȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȝȐȔȐȒ Ǵȥȗș ȐȓȐ ȜȐȏȐȒ ǪȈȘ-
ȓȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋ ǴȈȑȖ ȐȓȐ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔ ȓȖȘȌ dzȐȕȌșȍȑ"
— ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ǻȟȍȕȣȝ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȜȖȒțșȕȐȒȐ
— ȇ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȐȔȍȕȐ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ
ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ — ȕȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȊȣȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȟȤȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȕȖșȚȤ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȎȍȘȚȊȖȦ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕșȚȊȈ ȇ ȕȈȏȖȊț ȊȈȔ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ
DzȘțȒșȈ ǩțȚȓȍȘȖȊȈ ǻȖȓȓȍșȈ Ȍȍ ǴȖȘȋȈȕȈ ǼȓȈȔȔȈȘȐȖȕȈ
ǾȖȓȓȕȍȘȈ ǼȍȝȕȍȘȈ ǩȈȘȘȍȚȈ ǰ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȒȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȍȕ«
— Ǩȝ șȍȕȤȖȘ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȈȚ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȇ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȕȈȏȖȊț ȊȈȔ ǴȍȕȌȍȓȍȍȊȈ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ Ȑȕȣȝ

74
țȟȍȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȓȐȟȈȓȐ șȗȐȘȐȚȖȊ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȊȍȘȐȐ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ-
ȔȣșȓȐȐ
— ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȔȍȌȐțȔȐȏȔȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-
Ȕț ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈȠ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȟȐȊȣȑ șȗȖȘ
— ǹȍȈȕș ǹȍȈȕș — ȊȌȘțȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȘ-
ȔȖȚȈȓȈ ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ — ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ țșȚȘȖȐȔ șȍȈȕș«
ǹȍȕȤȖȘ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ« ǰ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ș ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ǪȈșȐȓȐȍȔ«
ȇ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȘțȝț DzșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȧ ȗȖ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ,
ȊȖȏȐȚ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȥȚț ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕț ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȍȍ
ȔțȎ — ȔȖȘȧȒ — ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȐ
 șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȕȍ-
țȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȞȣ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȣȎȐȊȠȈȧ Ȑȏ țȔȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȈ
ȍȍ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȍȓȧ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ șȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
ȔȖȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧǺȍȚțȠȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȒȐȊȈȧ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ Ȋ ȗȣȠȕȖȔ ȟȍȗȞȍ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȍȈȕșȍ
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ Ȏȍȕț ǶȕȈ țȓȣȉȈ-
ȓȈșȤ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȍȈȕșȍ ǵȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȐ ȒȘțȋ-
ȓȣȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ țșȍȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȌȐțȔȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȞȍȗȤ ǹȍȕȤȖȘ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘȈȜȐ-
ȕȍȦ Ȑ ȍȍ ȚȍȚțȠȒȖȦ ǯȈ ȠȐȘȔȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐ șȚȖȓ ș ȉț-
ȔȈȋȖȦ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȒȈȔȐȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐ-
ȓȐ ȖȌȕț ȋȖȘȧȡțȦ șȊȍȟț ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓȐ
ǹȍȈȕș ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȓȐ
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓȐ șȗȐȘȐ-
Țȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȧ ș ȒȈȒȖȦ-ȚȖ țȗȘȧȔȖȦ ȕȈȐȊȕȖșȚȤȦ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȊȣșȚțȒȐȊȈȓ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȉȍșșȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȗțșȚȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȍțȝ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǪȈșȐȓȐȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȚȍȚțȠȒȖȦ Ȗ
ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ șȗȓȍȚȕȧȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ ȏȈ ȠȐȘ-
ȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȈȔ ȓȐșȚȍ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈ-
ȓȈ ȜȘȈȏț ȗȖ-ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐ:
«La Morte trionfa dell'uomo».

75
Ǵȕȍ șȒțȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ
ȖȗȣȚȈȝ ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȗȘȖșȚțȟȈȓ ȜȘȈȏț ©eteignez la bougie!»
ǷȖ ȏȕȈȒț ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȧ ȗȖȚțȠȐȓ șȊȍȟȒț
ǴȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȕȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȧ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣȑ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ Ȋ
ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȧȚȕȈ DzȈȒ ȧ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ǹȊȍȚȧȡȍȍșȧ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȖȑ ȊȐȌ ǻȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȐ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȑ
ȗȓȈȡ ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȇ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș ȔȐș-
ȚȐȜȐȞȐȘțȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȣȝȖȌȍȞ Ȑȏ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ țșȗȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
șȕȐșȒȈȚȤ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ
ǹȚȖȓȐȒ ȗȘȖșȚțȟȈȓ ©/XPLqUHª ȇ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȊȍȟț ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ǹȍȕȤȖȘ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȕșȍ ȇ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȈȔȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț șȚȈȒȈȕ ș ȊȖȌȖȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȊȍ-
ȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȔȕȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț ȒȘȍșȓȈ ǺȍȚțȠȒȈ
ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ
— DzȕȧȏȤ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ — ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȑ« ȇ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș« ǹȍȕȤȖȘ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ǹȍȕȤȖȘ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ǰ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ȕȈȌȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȍȈȕș« Ǫȣ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ" Ǩ"
ǰ ȥȚȈ ȌȘȧȝȓȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȘșȚȊȖȔ
șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȔȍȌȐțȔȈ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ
— ǷȘȐȏȕȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȠ șȒȍȗȚȐȒ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȍȌȐț-
ȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖ Ȑ ȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ
— ǿțȌȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȕȈș — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ țȒȓȖȕȟȐȊȖ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ țșȔȍȝ-
ȕțȓșȧ
IV
ǴȖȐ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐșȤ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȕȈȓȍ-
Țȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȇ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȈȓ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ

76
ȗȖȒȖȘșȚȊțȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ șȐȓȍ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȑ ȇ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ǪȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤȦ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȧ țȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȊȍȚȘȈ
Ǩ ȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ Ȑ șȈȔ ȐșȒȈȓ ȉțȘȐ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ
ȇ ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ ǭȓȍȕț ǶȒșȐȕșȒțȦ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȒȈȒ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ ȖȗțȚȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȈȕșȈ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ
ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȕȍȌȖȔȖȋȈȕȐȍ ǶȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ș ȒȕȐȋȖȦ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȊȍȘ-
ȝȖȊțȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ 0RQWH 3LQFLR ȇ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈșȗȣȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ
ȔȖȍ șȓȍȗȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ
ȥȚț ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǵȖ ȔȖȧ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș

77
Ȏȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȕȕȍ
ȍȌȍȚ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȐȌȐȚ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ș ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȦ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȦ șȖȉȈȟȒȖȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȅȚț șȖȉȈȟȒț ȏȊȈȓȐ ǬȐț-ǴȐț.
ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ȓȐȠȤ ș ȝȖȝȖȓȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȈȒțȠȒȍ Ȑ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȗțȟȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȓȈȗȒȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȈ Ȑ
ȊȕțȠȈȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȘțȗȒȖ-
șȚȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕțȦ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȓȧșȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓșȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ Ȕȕȍ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ
ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋșȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ — Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈșȕȖȔ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȐ ȔȍȌȐțȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ
— ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȐȓȐ ȔȍȌȐțȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ țȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ
ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȐ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȊ șȚȘȖȋȖȑ ȕȈțȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ș ȌȍȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȦȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ
ȔȍȌȐțȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ©ȌțȝȖȊª șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȚ ș ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ
țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȍ ȌȍȔȖȕȣ
ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȐ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȕȍȔțȌȘȣȝ ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
ȧ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ — ȅȚȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȖȉȔȈȕ Ȑ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕșȚȊȖ șȖ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȣ ȔȍȌȐțȔȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ
Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȌțȔȈȦ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ —
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȍȌȐțȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȈȌȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȍ«
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȍȚȍ Ȑ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕșȚȊȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ
— ǬȈ ǩȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ǬȍȔȖȕȣ ȌțȘȈȟȈȚ ȔȍȌȐțȔȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȔȍȌȐțȔȖȊ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȣȝ
ȜȖȒțșȈȝ
— ǴȍȌȐțȔȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦȚ ȌțȝȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ
— ǰ ȔȍȌȐțȔ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ǵȍ
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ" Ƕȕ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȖȔ ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȐ"
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ
— Ǩ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ —
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț șȍȕȤȖȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȖ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȒțȒȓț

78
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȌȍȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȋȘțȉȖȊȈȚȖȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔ
— ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȒțȒȓț — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȌțȔ-
ȟȐȊȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ șȖȉȈȟȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȌȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ
Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȔȍȌȐțȔȐȏȔȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ șȗȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ,
țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȐȕȈȧ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ȕȖ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ
ȇ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ șȖȉȈȟȒț«
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȓȈ ȕȐȒțȌȈ Ȑȏ ȖȚȍ-
ȓȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȦ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȖ ȕȐ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ șȒȘȣȓ
ȖȚ Ȏȍȕȣ ȥȚȐ ȕȈȠȐ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȈȘțȠȍȕ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ
șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑȕȣȝ, ȕȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ
— șȒȈȎȍȔ ȌȍȔȖȕȣ — ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ
ȗȖșȧȋȈȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȘȔȣ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǿțȌȍș ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍȌȐȕȖ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ
ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ — ȌȊȈ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ — Ȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȉȣ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ șȈ-
ȔțȦ ȐȌȍȦ ȟțȌȈ ǿțȌȖ ȕȍȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȔȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȕȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȕȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ
ȚȘȍȝ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȘȐ Ȗȉ-
șțȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ șȖȋȓȈșȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȊȍȘȝȖȊ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȖȔ ȔȐȘȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȌȍȔȖȕȣ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȦȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ șțȌȤȉț ǸȈȏȓȦȉȐȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȔȖȦ
Ȏȍȕț" ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȉȍȏ ȕȍȍ ȎȐȚȤ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȔ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȟȈȘ ȔȖȍȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ — ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ ǶȒșȐȕșȒȖȑ

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Ƕ ȒȈȒ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȕțȚ-
Șȍȕȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȌȘțȋ
ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȎȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȈȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȍȍ
ȌțȠț ȍȍ ȔțȌȘțȦ ȚȐȠȐȕț ȍșȓȐ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ
ȗțȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȍȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȖȓȕ-
ȞȍȔ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȐȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȍș-
ȕȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ ǶȒșȐȕșȒțȦ" Ǫ
ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȐ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ ȕȐ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȕȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ« ǶȕȈ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ ȈȘȐȚ-
ȔȐȍȑ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȈȘȐȚȔȐȍȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌțȠȍ ȏȊțȟȈ-
ȓȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȐșșȖȕȈȕșȖȊ Ȕț-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȝ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ șȖȟȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ș ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȍȑ Ȋ ȍȍ țȓȣȉȒȍ ȚȈȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȍ Ȉ Ȋ
ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȋȘțșȚȤ«
ǰ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȍ ȏȍȓȤȍ
ȇ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ Ȓ ȗȤȧȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ
V
ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ǭȓȍȕȍ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧȝ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȐȊȕȣȝ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȊȈȧ șȊȖȍ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ
ǪȍȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȑ ȕȖ
ȥȚȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȧ Ȋȕȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȥȚȈ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȕȈȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȔȕȖȦ — Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȊȣȌȈȓȖ ȔȖȦ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȐȏȔȍȕț ȇ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ
șȔȍȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ ǭȍ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȖșȤ-
ȉȈ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ș ȕȍȦ ȊȍȟȍȘ — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȑ ȍȍ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ — ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔțȟȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȚȣ-

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ȌȐȓșȧ ȔȖȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȈ-
ȋȐȐ ȟȍȔ ȓȦȉȊȐ.
Ǩȝ ȥȚȐ ȘȐȔșȒȐȍ ȓțȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȖȊ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȖȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ
ǭȓȍȕȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȐ
șȔȍȘȚȐ Ǩȝ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȗȍȊț-
ȟȐȔȐ șȚȘȖȒȈȔȐ ǬȈȕȚȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț
ȋȖȓȖșț ȒȈȒ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ Ȑȕȣȍ ȔȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ« ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȕȈȠȐȝ
ȚȈȑȕȣȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȑ Ȋ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȚȍȓȧȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȊȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȊ-
ȘȈȡȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈș ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȍȍ Ȋ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ șȖȕ
ǹȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȖȉȣ-
ȟȈȑȕȣ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȐȋ — Ȑ șȈȔȈ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȏȖȊȍȚ ȍȍ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȟȍȘȚȖȋȐ ǶȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȔȕȈȔȉțȓȐȟȍș-
ȒȐ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ
ǰ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ
șȔȣșȓ
ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȔțȡȈȊȠȍȍ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȇ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȊȍȕȋȍȘȞț ǰȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȋȌȍ ț
ȕȈș ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȦ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍȖ-
ȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȑ
ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȘȈșȒȓȈȕȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȔț țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȦ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȔȈșȒț ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȐȔȊȖȓ ȕȍȉȣȚȐȧ.
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕțȦ Ȑ ȓȎȐȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǰ
ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȑ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȈȠȈ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȊȈȠȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȋțȉȣ« Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ

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ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȈȠȐ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȖȏȊțȟȕȈ ȊȈȠȈ Ȍț-
ȠȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȔȖȦ Ȏȍȕț Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȍȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȖȧ
ȎȍȕȈ țȔȘȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȕȍȔșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Țȣ ȔȖȑ Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȚȐȝȖ
— ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȔȖȦ Ȏȍȕț — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǶȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȑ Ȏȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȑ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Țȣ
ȕȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȠȤșȧ ș ȎȍȕȖȦ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȔ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȕȍ ȚȖ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȓȖȊȧ ȔȖȐ ȘțȒȐ — Ǻȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȊȖȉȖ-
Ȍȍȕ« ǵȖ ȧ țȔȖȓȧȦ Țȍȉȧ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ« ǷȖȌȈȘȐ Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ
Ȍȕȧ« ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ« ǷțșȚȤ ȚȊȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑȏ
ǸȐȔȈ ȇ ȗȖȒȐȕț ȕȈȠ ȖȚȍȓȤ ǺȍȚțȠȒț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ǸȖș-
șȐȦ ǭȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ șȍȕȤȖȘ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ Ǩ ȧ ȗȖșȍȓȦșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ
ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌ ǸȐȔȖȔ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ« Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȕȈȊȍ-
ȡȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ"
Ǻȣ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ"
— ǹȖȋȓȈșȍȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ
ǵȖ — țȊȣ — Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ țȎȈșȕȖȍ
ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǶȒșȐȕșȒȈȧ țȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ǸȐ-
ȔȈ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȈ
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȟȈșȚȕȖȔ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕ-
șȒȖȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȊȐȓȓȣ Ȍ
ȅșȚȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȓțȒȈȊșȚȊȈ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȚȘȖȕțȚ ȍȍ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ șȔțȡȍȕ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȍȍ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ șȓțȟȈȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȑș-
ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȦ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋ-

82
ȓȈ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȓȈȡ șȍȕȤȖȘ ǵȐ-
ȒȖȓȖ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ Ǩ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȚțȠȒȖȦ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ«
«ǭșȓȐ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ ȕȍ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǸȐȔȈ — ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ ȧ —
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȈ ȐȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦª
ȅȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȖȦ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ — Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȘȣȎȍȊȖȓȖșȈȧ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȒȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȣ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ șȒȖ-
ȘȖȗȖșȚȐȎȕȖ șȒȖȕȟȈȓȈșȤ ȅȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȖ-
ȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȖ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǰ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȧȊȓȧȦșȤ ȊȐȕȖȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȔȈșȒȈ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȈ ȒȈȒ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ țșȖȔ-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ȇ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȘȊȣ ȔȖȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȣ ȟȘȍȏȊȣ-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȧ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȧșȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ
ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ ǹ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȑ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȔȖȍȑ
șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓșȧ ȚȖȚ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ
ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȔȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒ ȔȖȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȖȋț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑ ȟȍȔț ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȍȍ ȔȕȐȔȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ« ǰ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȓȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ǫ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȈȍȔȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ǵȍȌȊȐȎȕȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ
ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȗȣȠȕȣȔ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ
ǭȍ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȗȘȖșȚȈȕȣ — ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ dzȍȋ-
ȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȚȘȍȝ șȊȍȟȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ-

83
ȕȐȞȣ ȇ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ǵȈ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔ ȒȓȈȊȍșȐȕȍ Ȋ țȋȓț
ȍȡȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȉțȒȍȚ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȘȖȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ǰȝ ȌțȠȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȗȘȧȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ
ȌțȝȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȊșȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ — Ȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ
Ȑ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ Ȑ ȒȘț-
ȎȍȊȖ ȐȏȔȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȕȤȦȈȘȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ț ȕȖȋ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ
ȠȚȖȘȣ«
ȇ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș ȔȖȍȑ
ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȟȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕțȦ ȘțȒț
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ ș ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȗțȓȤș ǵȖ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȡȍȚ-
ȕȖȑ ǰ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ dzȐȞȖ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȉȓȍȌȕȖ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ Ȑ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ șȖȔȒȕțȚȣ
ȇ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȈșȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȉȐȍȕȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȧ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȉ șȗȐȚ
ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȈȕȚȖȔ ǵȐȒȖȓȖ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȖȗȖ-
șȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǸȐȔ ș ȥȚȖȦ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȦ
șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚȈȘȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȈȊ-
șȚȘȐȍȞ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ«
ȇ șȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǭȓȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȖȋȕțȚ ȥȚȐ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȐȧȊȠȐȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȈȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ǻȊȣ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȓȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ Țȍȓȍ ȕȖ ȖȉȊȍȧȕȕȖȔ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȚțȟȈȓ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ
ȏȈȗȍȘȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȋȖȦ
ȓȖȋȐȒȖȦ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȕȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȐȌȍȧ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ

84
Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȇ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ ȧ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȊȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȍȦ ǭșȓȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȗȐȚ Ȋ ȓȍȚȈȘȋȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȔ șȕȍ ȍȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ
ȗȖȒȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȗȈșȕȣȑ șȖȕ ȕȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȍȦ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȓ ȏȍȔȕȖȔț șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȦ ǭșȓȐ ǬȎȍ-
ȔȐșȚȖ ȧ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ
 ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ ǭȓȍȕț Ȋ șȖȔȕȈȔ-
ȉțȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖȕ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȓ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȕȍ-
țȎȍȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȋț ȊȕțȠȐȚȤ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȎȐȚȤ?
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȖȊ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȑȏ Ȑȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ Ȗȗȣ-
Țț ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔț ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈȠȕȍȑ ȉȍșȍȌȍ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ,
ȍȍ ȎȍșȚȣ ȋȖȓȖș — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ
ȥȚȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȈșȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ țșȐ-
ȓȐȧ ȧ țȔȍȘȚȊȐȓ Ȋ șȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȔȖȧ Ȍț-
ȠȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ
șȗȧȡțȦ« ǰ ȥȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖșȚȘȣȔ Ȑ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȒȘȣȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ Ȋșȍ șȗȐȚ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ șȐȓȈ
ȉȖȌȘșȚȊțȍȚ — ȊȖȓȧ.
ȇ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ șȖ șȗȧȡȍȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ șȕȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȐȕȐȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȐȓ
— dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ Ǻȣ ȎȐȊȈ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȐȊȈ
Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȎȐȊȈ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȎȐȊȈ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȎȐȊȈ
ǺȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț șȍȑȟȈș ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ — Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȧ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȍ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȍȕ ȕȖ — ȒȓȧȕțșȤ — ȧ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȦ ȐșȚȐȕȕțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ
Ȕȕȍ Ȉ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ

85
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȖȚ șȚȣȌȈ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ȑ țȎȈșȕțȓșȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȔȍȓ
ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȍȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șȖȕ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ țȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ ȍȍ ȊȏȌȖȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓț-
ȊȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
— Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ" Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȔȖȑ"
ǺȍȔȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǷȖșȚȣȌȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ
ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȓȖșȤ ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȓȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȓȖȕȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
țȎ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ

86
ȇ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȒ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȍȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— ǷȘȖșȕȐșȤ ǷȘȖșȕȐșȤ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȕȍȚșȧ
ȀȈȚȈȧșȤ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȌȖȉȘȍȓ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȝȖȏȧȑȒț ǵȖ
Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȚȖȧȓ ǬȎȍȔȐșȚȖ
— ǨȋȈ Ǫȣ ȕȍ țȍȝȈȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȧ ȍȔț ȘțȒȐ
— ǹȍȕȤȖȘ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
ȔȖȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȍ — ǵȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ șȖ-
ȉȈȟȒț ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ" ȇ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȦ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ«
ǻ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȈșȤ ǬȐț-ǴȐț — ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȟȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȑȒȖȦ
— ȇ ȉȍȘț ȍȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ țȋȈ-
ȌȈȊ ȔȖȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȥȒȐ-
ȗȈȎ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
ȇ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ
ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȖ Ȗ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȗ
ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȧ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ǬȐț-ǴȐț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Ȑ
țȚȘȖȔ ǭȌȊȈ șȖȔȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȓȈȉȖȍ
ȗȖȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȕȐȍ ǬȐț-ǴȐț ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ
țȎȈșȕȖȔ șȔȧȚȍȕȐȐ ǭȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍ-
ȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘț ǽȖȝȖȓȖȒ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǶȕȈ ȧȊȕȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȤȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǵȍȌȖ-
ȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȍ Ȑ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖȍ ȗȖȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȕȐȍ șȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȓȈȍȔ ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȒȚȖ
ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǶȕȈ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǶȕȈ ȚȍȘȓȈșȤ ț ȟȤȐȝ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȝ ȕȖȋ ǭȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȓȈșȒȈȓ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȦ ȘțȒȖȦ
ȇ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ǰ ȥȚȐ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ șȖ-
ȉȈȟȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȒȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȓȐȓȖ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȊȖȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȦȡȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǬȐț-ǴȐț ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ ȇ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ
ȌȍȓȈȓ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȕȈȠȍȌȠȍȔț ȡȍȌȘȖȍ
ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ

Ǵȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ ș ȎȍȕȖȦ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ
ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȔȖȦ Ȏȍȕț ȕȍȎȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȈȚ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȧ șȚȖȦ
ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ ©ȓȦȉȓȦª ȧ șȓȣȠț ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ
ȚȐȝȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ©Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȔȖȑ"ª ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ — ȕȍȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ — ȕȍ șȔȍȦ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ

88
I
ȕȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦȚ
ȔȖȍȔț ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȔȖȍȑ șȐȓȍ Ǯȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘțȚ ș ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȌȊȈ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȈ
ȧ ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ ȇ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
șȚȘȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȌȍȘțșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȗȐȘȈȝ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ șȖ-
ȗȍȘȕȐȒȖȊ DzțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȔȐȘȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣ ȇ ȊȓȈȌȍȦ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȍ
ȗȧȚȤȦ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȔȐ ȧȏȣȒȈȔȐ ǷțȚȍȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȍ-
ȔȐ ȓȍȚ ȇ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ Ȑ ǿȐȒȈȋȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȆȎ-
ȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ȕȈ ȓȤȊȖȊ șȒȓȖȕȧȓ ȔȖȦ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǩțȌȌȣ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖȦ ȐȋȘȖȦ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ
ȈȒȚȘȐș ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȠȈȔȈȕȖȊ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǵȈȌȖ ȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȐȏțȟȐȓ ȊșȦ ǰȚȈȓȐȦ" ȇ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǪȍȕȍȞȐȐ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȣȠȕȖȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤȦ ǪȍȘȖȕȍȏȈ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȦ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ ǺȐȕ-
ȚȖȘȍȚȚȖ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖȔ DzȈȘȗȈȟȟȐȖ ȇ ș țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈțȒȖȦ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȌȈȕȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ
ȌȐȊȕȖȔț Ȑ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȔț ǷȈȘȐȎț ȇ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȘȈșȖ-
Țț ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ǰșȗȈȕȐȐ «ȕȐȡȍȑ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ» ȌȐȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ.

89
ǰ ȧ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ǷȖȓțȟȐȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȧ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȦȘȐșȚȖȊ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȗȖ
ȜȐȕȈȕșȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȔȖȐȝ Ȍȍȓ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ țȎȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊ ȔȖȐ ȐȔȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ Ȇȋȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȕȍȜȚȧȕȖȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȕȈ DzȈȊȒȈȏȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȗȘȐȐșȒȐ Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ Ȋ ǯȈ-
ȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȒȘȈȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȍȍ ȊȣȋȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȓțȟț ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ Șțȉȓȍȑ.
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȔ Ȑ dzȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȔ ȉȈȕȒȈȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȖ șȚȖ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ǰȚȈȒ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȋȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ
ǵȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȓȐ ȧ" ǻȊȣ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǬȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȧ ȔțȟȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ Ȗ șȈ-
ȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ǰ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗȉ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȗȓȖ-
ȡȍȕȐȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǷȓȖȚȐȕ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȗȣȚ
ȇ șȚȘȈȌȈȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȧ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț ș ȔȖȍȦ ȗȖ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǺȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ Dzșȍ-
ȕȐȧ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȐȔȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȏȊțȟȐȚ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȒ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȊȖ șȕȍ ȥȚț ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ șȚȈȕ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ș ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ
ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ȓȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȈȧ ǩȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȍ
ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ ǸȐșțȕȖȒ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȧ ȕȍ
șȖȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ ș ȒȈȕȖȕȖȔ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ǭȍ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȍ Ȑ țȚȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȕțȠȈȓȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȗ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȝ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȣȝ
ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȔ
ȥȚȈ șȐȕȍȋȓȈȏȈȧ Ȑ ȘȣȎȍȊȖȓȖșȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȇ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȖȦ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ǫ Ȑȕȣȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌțȠȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȍȔȖȕ.

91
ǭȍ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȑ ȍȍ ȟȐșȚȖ-
ȚȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȐȊȕȖȦ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ș ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȐșșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ
șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ȏȓȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȒȈ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ǬȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ DzșȍȕȐȦ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȈȝ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǩȈȝȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓț
ȓȍȋȒȖȦ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ
ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȚȍȒȓȍ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ — Ȑ ȏȣȉȒȐȑ ȗȍȗȍȓ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ ș ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȐȔ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȈ-
ȔȣȠȍȑ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȕȍȎȕțȦ ȏȈȘȦ Ȑ
ȗțȋȓȐȊȣȍ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ țȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒ
Ǵȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ DzșȍȕȐȐ ȇ
ȉȣȓ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕ ȍȍ țȔȖȔ ȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ ȍȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖȑ
Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ț ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȍȍ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǨȌȈȔȈ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȐ ȉȘȈȚ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȈȘȐșȚȖ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ
șȖȏȌȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȔ țȔȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ-
ȓȐȊȣȝ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȚȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȓȈȉȣȝ Ȑ ȏȓȣȝ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
ǭșȓȐ DzșȍȕȐȧ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȈȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȈȘȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ
ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ, ȍȍ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȐȏțȔȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȖȊ ǪȈȕ-ǬȍȑȒȈ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȗȘȍșȣȡȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ țȋȕȍȚȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȍȕȐȊ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȈȊȐȓ Ȓ ȚȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ
Ȍȓȧ ȘȖȌȖȊȐȚȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȌȕȐ Ȑȝ ȦȕȖșȚȐ
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǭȍ ȖȉȠȐȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ țȌȐȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȉȐȉȓȐȖ-
ȚȍȒț Ȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖ ș țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚȈȒ
ȘȍȌȒȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ,
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȠȒȈȗȖȊ șȚȖȧȚ Ȋ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚȕȣȝ

92
ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȝ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȘȖȏȍȕȒȘȍȑȞȍȘȖȊ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȖȗȓȈȚȖ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ «Dȍ arte cabalistica» ǸȍȑȝȓȐȕȈ, «Equus Albus», «Doc-
trina vitae» Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋȈ
ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦ ȥȚȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȧ ȖȚȗȍȘȓȈ ȠȒȈȗ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȓȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȍȑ Ȋ
ȔȈșșȐȊȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍ
— ȅȚȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȣ ș ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ Ȑ șȐȔȊȖȓȖȊ ȘȖȏȍȕȒȘȍȑȞȍȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȚ-
șȚȊȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ
ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȐȔȊȖȓȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ ǬțȠȐ Ȋ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǵȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ
ȥȔȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ ȚȍȓȈ ǪȍȟȕȖȑ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȣ
— ǴȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȚȍȖșȖȜȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘț Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ
ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ȍȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
— ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ, — Ȗȕ ȐȏțȟȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȐ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ȗȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț șȈȔȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȇ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȖȚȕȖȠțșȤ Ȓ
ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȍ
ȇ șȚȈȓ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ Ȗȉ ȍȍ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȕȣȝ
șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
șȚȖȧȚ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȜȍȘȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȖȗȣȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȕȐȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȦ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ Ȑ
șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ — ȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ ȕȈș Ȓ ȗȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȦ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȚȈȑȕ
— ǺȈȒ ȉțȌȤȚȍ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ ȕȈ ȗțȚȧȝ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȋ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ
— ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȦ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ȑ ȊșȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȌȈȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȍșȍȌȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ
ǷȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ȖȕȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȍ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȘțȒȍ — ȕȍ ȉȍȏ țȔȣșȓȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
ȉȣȚȤ
— ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ

93
II
ȇ șȚȈȓ ȟȈșȚȣȔ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȌȖȔȈ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȋȘȈȜ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȈ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȦ Ȉ ȧ, Ȋ șȐȓț ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȚȘȐ Ȕȍ-
șȧȞȈ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ ȗȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ
DzșȍȕȐȐ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ
ȟȚȖ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȍȍ țȊȐȎț Ȋ ȔȈȑȖȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȐȔȍȕȐȐ dzȧș-
ȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ș ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȘȈȌț-
ȠȐȍȔ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȤȡȍȕ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȉȘȈȚ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ
ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȔț șȍșȚȘȖȦ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȖșȍȕȤȦ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ dzȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȤ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǨȌȈ-
ȔȈ țȌȐȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȐȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȘȈȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȕȐȍȔ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍȝ
ȍȋȖ șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ȔȐȘȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȓȦȌȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȊ-
ȗȈȌȈȓȐ șȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȔțȌȘȖȑ șȍșȚȘȣ.
ǰȚȈȒ, Ȋ ȈȊȋțșȚȍ ȔȍșȧȞȍ ȧ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȔȍ-
șȚȤȍ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ǷțșȚȣȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ șȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ șȕȖȔ,
ȌȐȒȈȧ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȖșȤ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȚ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȌȖ țșȈȌȤȉȣ ȊȕțȠȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȐȝțȦ
ȋȘțșȚȤ Ȉ șȈȔȈ țșȈȌȤȉȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȦ șțȘȖȊȖȦ Ȑ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȖȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȦ ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȖȍȒ ȋȌȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȠȤ șȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȉȣȚ țȦȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȣȑ ǵȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȏȈȔȖȒ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-ȐȕȖȔț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȍȕ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ, Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȔȈ-
ȓȖ ȚȈȑȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖ ǬȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȌțȠț Ȑ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕțȦ Ƕȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ, ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȜ țȍȝȈȓ
ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț Ȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ Ȉ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȏȈȊ-
ȚȘȈȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȎț ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ ȖȌȕț Ȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȏ-

94
ȌȘȈȎȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȞȐȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȐȏȉȈȓȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȌȍȕȌȐ
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ Ȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐ-
ȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚțȟȈȓȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȍȍ ȟȍȔ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȟȈș ǬȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȓȈȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ șțȒȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȗȘȧȔȖȍ ș
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȣȘȍȏȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ș ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȊȈȔȐ țȒ-
ȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȦ ȊȣȠȐȊȒȖȦ ǵȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ
șȖȉȖȓȐȑ ȗȈȓȈȕȚȐȕ ǯȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȟȍșȈȕȣ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȏȍȓ ȒȈȒ ț ȋȘȍȟȈȕȖȒ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȋȐȝ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȝ țȒȘȈȠȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȊȈȏȣ
DzȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȍȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ǹ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȧ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȍ ȉȍșȍȌț ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȧ Ȕȕȍ
șȊȖȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȐȘȈ Ȗ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȗȉ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ Ȗ ȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ Ȗ șȔȣșȓȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ ǭȍ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ș
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȚ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȐȧ
ș ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȐȍȔ ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȣ-Ȍțȉȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȖșȕȣ ș ȒȘȖȊȈ-
ȊȖ-ȈȓȣȔȐ șȚȊȖȓȈȔȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȓȐȗȣ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ ȐȊȣ ȓȖȉ-
ȏȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȐȝțȦ ȊȖȌț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȍșȕȖȋȖ ȓȈȉȐ-
ȘȐȕȚȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒȐ ș ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȖ ȗȈȝȕțȡȐȔȐ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȚȣ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȗȈȌȣ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ șȚȈȚțȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ
Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȉȍșȍȌȒȐ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȐȔ ȝȘȈȔȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȈȐȕșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȐ ȊȍȌțȡȐȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ ȗȈȘȒȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȌȐ-
ȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȘȣȞȈȘșȒțȦ șȒȈȏ-
Ȓț șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȔț șȚȍȒ-
ȓȧȕȕȖȔț ȌȊȖȘȞț ȋȌȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȧ ǯȌȍșȤ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȧ ȊșȦ ȔȖȡȕțȦ ȜȓȖȘț ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǶȚ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȐ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȧȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȐȌȈ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȚȖȔȕȣȝ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ.

95
ǵȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ
ȗȈȓȤȔ ȖȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȈȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȧȌȖȊȐ-
ȚȖ ȗȈȝȕțȡȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ
ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈȝ șȊȖȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ, ȒȈȒ ȡȐȚȣ ǶȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕțȦ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȦȦ ȈȋȈȊț ȞȊȍȚțȡțȦ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ Vic-
toriae Regiae, ȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȘȉțȚțș ș ȍȋȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ
ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȣȔ șȚȊȖȓȖȔ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȎȐȓȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȦ ȊȍȕȖȏȕȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ǫ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈȝ Ȑ
ȈȒȊȈȘȐțȔȈȝ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ Șȣȉȣ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ șȈȔȣȝ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȓȖșȒȐȍ șȖ șȒȊȖȏȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȐș-
ȚȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȣȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȐȊȕȖȦ ȟȍȠțȍȦ
— ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ
Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ț ȎȐȊȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ
ȕȈ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȐȝ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ Ȗȉ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ țȌȐȊȓȧȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȉȖȚȈȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȍșȚȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȓȖșȤ ȔȍȚȖȌȈȔ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȕȈȓȐ-
ȏȈ. ǶȕȈ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȓȈ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕțȦ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȕȍȦ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖșȔȖșȈ
— ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȖȉ-
ȕȐȞȈ ǪȕȍȠȕȧȧ ȕȈțȒȈ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȍȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȟȈșȚȍȑ ȉȈȘȍȓȤȍȜȣ
Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȧȝ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȣ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖ
Ǫ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞȍ șȗȐȚ ǩȖȋ ǵȈȌȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǪȖȚ ȔȍȖȕ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ
ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȐȉȖ șȗȧȡȐȑ ǩȖȋ — ȕȍ ǩȖȋ ǵȈȠȈ ȌțȠȈ ȖȗȓȖ-
ȌȖȚȊȖȘȧȧșȤ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ǺȈȒ ȊȖșșȚȈȍȚ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
ȖȚ șȕȈ ǩȖȋ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȒȈ ȌțȠȐ ș ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȦ
ȇ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ șȔțȡȍȕȐȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȗȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ
șȊȖȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ — Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖ-
ȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȦ ȊȈș Ȓ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȕȐȔ

97
— ȇ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȍȔț ǷȍȘȍȌ
ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȊȍȘȝȖȔ
Ȑ Ȕȣ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȒȈȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȔ Ǫ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȈȔȈȏȖȕȒȍ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȟȍȔ Ȋ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȔ ȉȍȓȖȔ
ȚțȈȓȍȚȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-
Ȕț ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖșțȎȌȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȖȍ — ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȧ ȚȈȒ
ȚȐȝȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȧȝ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖ
III
ǺȘȐ Ȍȕȧ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȔ ȉȍșȍȌȈȔ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȟȈșȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȦșȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȦ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ DzșȍȕȐȐ ǭȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȕȈ ȔȐȘ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
Ȕȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ǰ ȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȍ ȇ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ
ȗȓȍȕȈ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖșȝȐ-
ȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȖȔȘȈȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ DzșȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȔȕȖȦ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȇ șȚȘȈȠȐȓșȧ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȈșȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȐȕȖȔț
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȋȘȈȜ ǨȌȈȔ dzȧșȒȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȈȝ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȖ ȥȚȈ ȍȌȊȈ țȓȖȊȐȔȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȌȐȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȕȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȇ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
șȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ș șȍșȚȘȖȦ dzȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȐ ȋțȉȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȒȘȖȊ-
ȕȣȝ țȏȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȥȚȐ șȚȖȓȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ-ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ
ǨȌȈȔȈ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȓȍȕȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȌȔȍȕ-

98
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȓȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ Ȓ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȦ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȓ
ȥȚȖȔț ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔț ȟțȊșȚȊț ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȣȑ
șȚȘȈȝ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗțȋȈȓȐ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖ-ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ǫȘȈȜ ȗțȚȈȓ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȋȐ ǺȈȒ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ «ȒȈȒȈȧ ȎȈȘȈ» Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș «ȒȈȎȈȧ ȒȈȘȈ» Ȑ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ǰ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ©ȒȈȎȈȧ ȒȈȘȈª ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ©ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ȘȍȟȐª șȓțȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȟȈșȚȖ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȝ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȓ șȊȖȐ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȔȖȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ
ȘȖȌȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ Ȑ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ ȗȈȘȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ
— ǰ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȑ ȗȈȘȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ
ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȔȐȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȍȕȧȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȌȍȌȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ... Ǵȣ ȓȐ-
Ƞȍȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȐȧ ǰ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ
ȥȚȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ©Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȘȍȊȤȧª ©Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȌȈȔȕȐª
— Ƕ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ? — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— Ƕ ȒȈȒȐȝ" Ƕ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ țș-
ȔȍȝȈȧșȤ. — ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȘȈȉȣ ǻȌȈ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȉȐȟȖȔ — ȒȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȕȐȍ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȈȜ Ȑ ȉȍșșȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ
ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȋȖ șȔȍȝȈ
— ǩȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ" ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ǭșȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ
ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ǫ ȉȣȓȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȋȓțȗȖ
ȕȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȝ

99
ǩȣȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȣ — ȒȈȒ
ȥȚȖ șȒțȟȕȖ
— ǵȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȐșȚȖȚȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȔȣșȓȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ DzșȍȕȐȐ — ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȐșȚȖȚȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈș Ȓ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȖșȘȍȌȖ-
ȚȖȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ǫȕȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȕȍȚ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ǩ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȘȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȓȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
— ǺȈȒ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȍȚ ȔȖȧ șȍșȚȘȈ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ. — ȅȚȐȝ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ȊȣȌțȔȖȒ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦ Ǵȍȕȧ ȌȈȎȍ
ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ, șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ, Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ
— Ǩ ȊȈȔ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȔȖȧ șȍșȚȘȈ? Ǩ" Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȟȍȘȚ
ȊȖȏȤȔȐ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ Ȗȏȍ-
Șț Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȋȘȈȜȈ
— Ǩ ǹȍșȚȘȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ. — ǭș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȥȚȐ ȍȍ șțȔȈșȉȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȐȌȍȐ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȜȘȈȏȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȧ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ șȈȌȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ǸȈșșȟȐȚȈȓ
Ȑȝ ǯȈȚȍȐ ș ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ț
ȕȈș ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȐȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǩ ȥȚȐ ȕȈȍȔȕȐȒȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ǰ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ, ț ȕȈș șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓțȋ Ǻȣ
ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ" Ǩ"
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȦ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ
ȇ ȉȣȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȍȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȈ ǨȌȈȔȈ ǰ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
IV
ǵȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȐȗȕȖȏȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȘȈȟȖȔ

100
Ȑ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȔ ǰ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ DzșȍȕȐȐ ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȊȠȍȍ ȕȈș Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȔțȟȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȊȕțȠȈ-
ȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȍșȚȘț.
Ǩ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȋȘȈȌȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ Ȑȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ
ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍșȚȘț
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ș DzșȍȕȐȍȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȈȘ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ țȋȓț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ȖȚ ȋțșȚȣȝ
ȊȍȚȊȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȓȈȎȕȖ Ȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȈ ȏȈ-
ȘȖșȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǰ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȟȍȓțȧ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ. — ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ
ȊȈș Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ șȒȘȖȦ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȌȘȈȧ
Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȇ șȓȣȠț ȠȈȋȐ ȊȈȠȐ — Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖ
ȒȘțȎȐȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȈȠ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȊȈȠȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȦȦ șȒȈȏȒț ǹ
Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȈș ȧ ȎȐȊț ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ǰ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
— ȥȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȚȍ ȚȈȒ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȔțȌȘȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ țȎȍ
ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȔ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȇ ȍȠȍ
ȗȓȍȕȍȕ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȇ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȦ ȖȚ
șȚȘȈșȚȐ ǷȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ
ȒȖȓȍȕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ șȝȖȎț ș țȔȈ Ǫȣ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ ȏȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȖȉȘȈ
ȟȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȌțȚ ȕȈș Ȓ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș
ȔȖȐȔȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔȐ. ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ȓȐ"— ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȒȐ.
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ǫȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔțȟȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǪȈȠȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ǵȖ țȔȖȓȧȦ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐ-
Țȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȈȔȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȔȖȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȐ ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȈ-
ȔȖȍ șȍȉȧ
ǶȕȈ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȗȧȚȐ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș DzșȍȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȚ-

102
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȊȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ
ȏȈ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǨȌȈȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȕțȠȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ
șȚȘȈȝ ȇ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȜ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȍȕ.
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȕȖȦ
ȈȜȈȏȐȐ ȕȍȧșȕȖșȚȤ ȘȍȟȐ
 Ȑ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȘȈȟ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȔȈȕȐȈȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ. ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ țȌȈȓȧȓ șȓțȋ Ȑȏ ȏȈȔȒȈ ǸȈș-
șȟȐȚȈȊ șȈȌȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ
ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț ȒțȟȍȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȊțȝ ȒȖȕȦȝȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ
ȒȖȕȦȠȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȤȔȐ ȗȖȘȖȌȐșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ǫȘȈȜ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȊțȝ ȓȈȒȍȍȊ Ȑ ȒțȠȈȕȤȧ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȒȈȔȍȘȐșȚȒȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
Ƞȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȋȘȈȜȈ șȖȏȘȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȈȌșȒȐȑ ȏȈȔȣșȍȓ ǪȣȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȓ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȏȈȔȒȈ
ȓȐȠȕȐȝ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȍȊ-
ȕȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȍ
ǵȈ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍȦ ȧ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȟȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȗ ǼȐȓȖȕȍ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȑșȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȈȊȚȖȘȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ǭȊȈȕ-
ȋȍȓȐȧ Ǵȣ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ș ȕȍȦ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȖșȖȜșȒȐȍ Țȍ-
Ȕȣ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ țȟȍȕȐȐ ǼȐȓȖȕȈ Ȗ șȕȖ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȐȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȈȒȚȈȚȍ «De somniis».
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ" — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ. — ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȕ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǻ
ȏȊȍȘȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȇ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ
ȇ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȚȍȔț ǵȖ ȉȍ-
șȍȌȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȕȍ ȒȓȍȐȓȈșȤ ǺȡȍȚȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȧ ȊȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȋȘȍ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șșȣȓȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȒȕȐȋȖȦ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȍȍ ȌțȝȖȊ.

104
— ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ — ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȈȔ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȏȈȓȣ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȏȈȔȒȈ ǷȖȓȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤșȧ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ȇ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȒțȉȒȐ ǵȈȠȐ ȗȘȍȌȒȐ țȔȍȓȐ șȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȔȍ-
ȓȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ...
— ǶȘțȎȐȍ" ǷȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ Ȍțȥ-
ȓȐ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊȐȕ-
ȚȖȊȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȋȘȈȜ ǨȌȈȔ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȏȕȈȚȖȒȈ Ȗ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧȝ șȖȉ-
ȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȖȔ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȍȚ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧ-
ȚȐȧȝ
Ǵȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȏȈȓț Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ Ȕȍ-
ȟȐ ȡȐȚȣ ȧȚȈȋȈȕȣ șȈȉȓȐ ȠȗȈȋȐ ȗȐȒȐ ȒȖȗȤȧ șȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȌȖșȗȍȝȐ țȒȘȈȠȈȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȣ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȖȒ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ȕȖ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȖȕȖșȕȈȧ șȚȈȓȤ ȖȉȌȍȓȈȕȕȈȧ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȦ ȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ǵȖ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȘȍȏȤȉț ȐșȒțșȕȣȝ ȔȈș-
ȚȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȓȍșȒ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ǭȡȍ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ
ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȚȖȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȓȐȝȖ-
ȘȈȌȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȓȐȧȧ ȟțȌȍș-
ȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȈ țȔ Ȑ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȇ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȖȒ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ. — ǺȍȔ
ȓțȟȠȍ. ǵȈȌȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȖȠȐȉșȧ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ ȋȘȈȜ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȕȖ
ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ
—ǷȖȟȍȔț șȔȍȦșȤ" ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȍ ǶȌȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȈ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ șȦȌȈ
ȇ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ, ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ țȚȖȔȓȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ

105
—ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǵȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȅȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȉȈȠȕȍ
Ƕȕ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȗȍȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȔ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȌȚȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȉȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȖȒȕȖȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǰ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ Ȑȏ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ
ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȣ ȌȊȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȕȐȠȐ
ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȊȠȐȍ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ș ȌȊțȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǵȐ-
ȠȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈȔȐ DzȈȎȌȈȧ
ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȈ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȗȍȚȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȣȒȈȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȏȈșȖȊȖȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ȕȍȔȈ-
ȓȖȑ
— ǪȖȚ, ȊȖȑȌȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘȈȜ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȧ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț Ȑ
țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȐȕȕțȦ ȏȈȉȈȊț — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ȋȘȈȜ
ǹȔțȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȕȖ
ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȔȖȍ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȦ ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȋȘȈȜ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȐȠț
— ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȚȈȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǷȖșȚțȟȐȚȍ Ȋ șȚȍȕț
ȇ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȚȖ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȏȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȑ ȅȚȈ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȚȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǹ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȏȈȌȊȐȕțȓ ȏȈșȖȊ ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȖȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȠțȚȐȚ
Ƕȕ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
— ȇ ȊȈș ȕȈȊȍȡț Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȔȍȧșȤ Ȑ
ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
ǴȣșȓȐ — ȖȌȕȈ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
«ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ DzșȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȐȚȘȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ —
ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ. — ȇ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ Ǵȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȋȘȖȏȐȚ

106
ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȋȖȚȖȊȣȔ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȈȒ
țȗȖȘȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ șȓțȋ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȕȖȒ.
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȐȒ-ȗȖȊȈȘ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȐșȚȒȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ — ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ǰ ȗȖȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ — ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȏȈȔ-
Ȓȍ».ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȘȐȌțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ
ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȧȚȤ-șȍȔȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȐ ȒȈȉȓțȒȐ ȋȘȈȜȈ
Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ ȇ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȦșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ
șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȈȡȐȓ șȔȍȧșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ
șȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț șȊȧȏȈȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠțȦ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ
ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ. ǺȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȓ ȗȖȓȖȚȍȕȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ. ǵȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
DzȈȒ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȈȕȍȘȣ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȈ! ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ țȝ-
ȊȈȚȒȈȝ Ƕȕ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț Ȑ ȊȚȈ-
ȡȐȓ Ȋ ȕȐȠț ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ DzșȍȕȐȦ ǵȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȚȤ
ȏȈșȖȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȧ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎ-
ȌȈȧșȤ
— Ǩ ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ" ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ș țȎȈșȖȔ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȏȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȦ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȓȍȕț ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ
— ǨȊȚȖȘ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȐ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȋȘȈȜ,
— ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈȔȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ
ȕȍȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊȈ dzȧșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȑ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȐȒ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȏȈȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǪȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ-
șȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȗȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ǫ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȌȐȒȖ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ
V
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȍȔȐ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȕȣ — ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ Ȑ ȧ — ȉȣȓȐ ȗȓȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ǼȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔțȒȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ

107
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȔțȒȈȔȐ
ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ǬȖȓȋȐȍ ȟȈșȣ ȋȘȈȜ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȈȧșȤ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȍȔ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈș ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ țȕȐ-
ȏȐȚȤ Ƕȕ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ
Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ǰ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȉȍșșȚȣȌ-
ȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȐ Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ
ȍȋȖ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȌȈ ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȉȖȋȖȝțȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȧ
ȕȈȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȟțȌȖ Ȑ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȈȗȖșȚȖ-
ȓț
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȘȖȏȍȕȒȘȍȑȞȍȘȖȊ Ȑ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȔȣȍ ȔȍȘȏȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țȎȈș-
ȕȣ ȟȍȔ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȣȝ ȋȕțșȕȣȝ șȈȚȈȕȐșȚȖȊ
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȓȍȕȤ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȊȗȈȓȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȎȌȈȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ țȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȚȤ ȘȈȏțȔ ȋȘȈȜȈ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ ȕȈș Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ ȧ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ

ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȦ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȈ ǶȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȖ ȍȍ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȗțȋȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣ-
ȟȈȑȕȖ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ șȓțȋ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ șȖ-
șȍȌȕȐȝ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ǸȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȕȈș ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ — ȊȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǰ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȚ ȓȐ ȋȘȈȜ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȏȓȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖ" — ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ șȚȘȈȠȈșȤ ȕȍ ȏȈ șȍ-
ȉȧ Ȉ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ.
ǵȈș ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ǹȓțȝȐ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȜ șȖȠȍȓ ș țȔȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȊșȦȌț
ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ǷȘȐȠȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈȠȈ
ȉȣȓȈ șȗȈșȍȕȈ
ǵȖ — țȊȣ — Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȗȓȍȕ Ȑ
ȥȚȖ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ DzșȍȕȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȘȋ-
ȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȔȖȓȤȉț Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȊ ȔȖȦ șțȌȤȉț ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ
ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ țȌȈȓȐȓȈșȤ DzțȌȈ" Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ ȎȐȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȔȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ-
ȓȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȚȐȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ.

109
ǺǼǾǿǸǮȍ ȄǮǾdzǰǻǮ
I
ǬȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖȌ șȒȈȓȖȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȊȍș-
ȕȖȦ ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ȘȖșȓȐ șȖșȕȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ǰ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȉțȘȦ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȚȖȕțȚ ȋȓțȝȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȚȊȐ
Ȑȝ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ Ǩ ȊȕȐȏț ȉȣȓȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ǪȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȌȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȧȚȐ
șȈȎȍȕȤ
ȇ ȎȐȓ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȎȐȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ—
ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖȟȤ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȚ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ Ȉ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȓȍȚ ȗȧȚȤ-
ȌȍșȧȚ Ƕȉȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣ ǽȖȏȧȑșȒȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȕȈȗȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȉȍșȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȓȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ țȚȖȔȓȧȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȈcșȒȈȏȈȔȐ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ țȊȍȘȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȕțȟȒȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖ ȏȓȣȍ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȕȣ ȖȚȕȧȓȐ ț ȕȍt ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ
Ȑ ȚȐȚțȓ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ ȓȐ ȧ ȟȍȋȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȧșȤ,
— ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ǻ ȕȈș ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ ǷȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ șșȖȘȣ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȍȔț ǸȣȉȈȒȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊșȗȣȓȤȟȐȊȣȑ ȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș
ȇ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ ȕȖ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȕțȠȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ
ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȍȍ
ȗȤȧȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȊȧȏȕȖȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ
ȊȖȑȌȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȦ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓ șȊȍȟț
șȚȘȈȠȈșȤ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ
ǰȚȈȒ, ȧ ȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȖȘȧ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ǷȖȘȖȦ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ Ȍț-
ȠȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ Ȑ șȓȍȗȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȎȐȊțȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȧ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȧ Ȑ țȊȧȌȈȧ Ȉ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȧȔ — ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ — ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȚ

110
ȇ ȎȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȔȣȑ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȊȌȣȝȈȧ ȔȖȘ-
șȒțȦ ȊȓȈȋț ȋȘȍȧșȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȔȍȧ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȐȓȐșȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȓȈȌȒȖ
ǵȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȟȈș — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȧȎ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȒȈȏȐȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȧȔ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ
ȇ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȒțȗȈȦȡȐȝșȧ
ǰȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȒȐ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȚȘȖȑȕȖȦ șȒȓȈȌȒȖȦ
ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚȣȑ ȗȍȕȤȦȈȘ ȚȖȓșȚȧȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
ȌȣȠȈȓ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȊȐȑ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ
ȦȕȞȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȗȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȚȘȐȒȖ Ȑ ȧ ș
țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȑȝ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ țȗȘțȋȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈ
șȔțȋȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǷȖȎȐȓȣȍ ȌȈȔȣ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȝ ȒțȗȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȍ ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
șȓȍȋȒȈ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȦ Ȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȐȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ȚȖ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȣȍ ȚȖ ȘȖȉ-
ȒȐȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȍșȚȘȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȜȈȓȍȏ
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȊ ȚȘȐȒȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈ-
ȉȐȕȒȐ ȗȈȘȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖ-șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȗȍȕȤȦȈȘ șȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
DzțȗȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈȊȈȧ ȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȒȈȕȈȚȖȊ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
șȧȌȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȎȍȔȈȕȕȐȟȈȧ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈ țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȈȧ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȒțȌȘȧȔȐ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȡȖȔ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȑ ȟȤȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ — ȋȐȉȒȈȧ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȈ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȧȌȤ Șȣ-
ȎȐȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȟȍȗȟȐȒȈ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȠȍȐ Ȑ ȘțȒț,
ȕȍȎȕțȦ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒțȦ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒțȗȈȕȤȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȒȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕ-
Ȓț ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȓȈȏțȦ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒț ǶȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȕȍȧȇ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ

111
— ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȜȈȓȍȏȣ — Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖ ǰ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȧ ȖȉȍȌȈȓ ȕȍ ȌȖȔȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȍ ȋ-ȎȐ ǴȖ-
ȘȐș
 șȖșȍȌȐ ȔȖȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔȐ ǹ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
ȓȧȒ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ șȍȔȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ș ȕȐȔ șȒțȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȍȏ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔțȡȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ DzȈȒȐȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȍșȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȓȍȋ-
ȒȈ ȚȈȕȞțȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ
ȋȘțȌȐ
ȇ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȘȣȎȍȊȖȓȖșȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ ș ȏȍ-
ȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȑ șȔțȚȐȊȠȐșȤ
ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȍ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȧ ȌȖȋȈ-
ȌȣȊȈȦșȤ Ȗ ȒȖȔ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚț ȌȈȔț ǵȖ ȗȘȈȊȖ
ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ
Ǩȝ ȌȈ, — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘ, — Ȋȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȗ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ǵȣ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȣ — ȥȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ǯȈȗȈȌȍ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǰ ț
ȥȚȐȝ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȖȊ ȕȍȚ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȍșȚȤ ț șȓȈȊȧȕ...
Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȑ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ, — ȥȚȈ ȌȈȔȈ — ȖȕȈ Șțș-
șȒȈȧ"
Ƕȕ șȖȊșȍȔ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȍȧǴȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ
ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌȈȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ș ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ — ȗȤȧȕȈȧ Ȑ
șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǶȕȈ ȋȘȐȔȈșȕȐȟȈȓȈ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǷȘȖșțȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ

112
— ǬȈ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȚ ȊȈș ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ șțȌȈȘȤ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ șȗȐ-
Țȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐșȕȐȚșȧ ǴȖȘ-
șȒȈȧ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȔȧȕȐȚȍ șȊ ǹțȓȤȗȐȞȐȧ ȐȓȐ ǬȍȊț ǴȈȘȐȦ
Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ șțȌȈȘȤ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ș ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ
— Ǩȝ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ șȚȈ-
ȘțȝȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ șȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȘȖȚ. — ǰȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȍ
ǴȖȘșȒȖȦ ǷȘȐȕȞȍșșȖȑ ǵȖ Ȋȣ șțȌȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ǰ ȍșȓȐ
ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǵȍ ȞȍȓțȑȚȍ ȍȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȋț-
ȉȣ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȠȔȈȒȈȔȐ șȗțșȒȈȧșȤ ȗȖ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
II
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȋ-ȎȐ ǴȖȘȐș ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ țșȚ-
ȘȖȐȚȤ ȗȖȍȏȌȒț Ȋ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ Ǽ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȍ
ȈȉȉȈȚșȚȊȖ ȉȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȐȕȞȍȊ Ǫ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǴȈȘșȖȊȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ Ǽ ǵȈȌȖ
șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȍȑ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȋ-ȎȈ ǴȈȘșȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ-
ȒȈ Ȕȣ țșȈȎȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȘȍȚț ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȦ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȓȈȏțȦ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒț ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ
Ǵȣ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȜȍȘȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȘțȌȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȚȖȧ
ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ
ȗȖȋȖȌȍ ȔȐȔȖ ȎȐȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȏȈȋȖ-
Șȍȓȣȍ ȗȈȘȕȐ Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ ȔȐȔȖ Țțȟȕȣȝ ȓțȋȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȗȈșȓȐșȤ șȖȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȖȊȣ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȉțȉȍȕȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗțȋ-
ȓȐȊȣȍ ȚȖȕȒȖȕȖȋȐȍ ȒȖȏȣ
ǵȈȠȐ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȕȍțȔȖȓȟȕȖ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȌȈ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȋȓȈȏȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ
DzȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ ǴȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȔȐȘ ǰ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȖȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ǺȈȒ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȈȌȠȐȍ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ șȊȖȑ șȊȍȚ-

113
ȓȣȑ ȘȈȑ
Ǫ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȍ Ǽ Ȕȣ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ ȓȐȒȍȘ ȟȈșȈ ȌȊȈ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚț ȏȈȓ Ȑ ȒȖȘȐ-
ȌȖȘȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȉȖȟȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȗȈȝțȟȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȧȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȓȐȒȍȘ ȘȈȏȓȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ș
ȓȐȗȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȓȈȌȒȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȘȈȕȣ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ
— DzȈȒ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȘȣȎȍȊȖȓȖșȖȑ ȌȈȔȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȉȍșȍȌț
— ǬȈ ǬȈ ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȘțȎȐȚ-
șȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ — țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȓțȒȈȊȖ Ȑ ȚȖȔȕȖ
Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȠȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șȖȉȖȘ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȈȉȉȈȚ-
șȚȊț ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ
ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ
— ǪȖȚ țȎ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȦ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ
șȚȣȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȇ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȈ-
ȓȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȕȐȋ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȦ
— Ǩ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ"
— Ƕ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȑ Ȑ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȇ țȔȍȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ"
— ǺȈȒ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȇ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȇ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȘȍȌȒȖȍ ȐȔȧ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȖȔțȟȍȕȐȞȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȝȍȚȐȕșȒȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȍȑ.
ǴȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ǫȘțȏȐȐ Ȉ ȖȚȍȞ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȏȐȕȒț ǻ ȊȈș ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȇ Ȑȝ ȊȣȒȘȈșȐȓȈ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ
ȋȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȘȣȎȈȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȐȌțȚ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔ"— ǬȈ ǬȈ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț
ȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȐȕȖȦ
— DzȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ, — Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ț ȊȈș

114
ȉȣȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ț ȊȈș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ Ȋȣ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣ ȇ țȎȍ ȘȍȊȕțȦ ȊȈș Ȓ ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȈȠȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ șȖȉȖȘ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȋȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȝȘȈȔ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȚȘȖ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ șțȔȘȈȒȖȔ
ȗȖȌ ȌȐȊȕȣȔȐ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ǵȣ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ ȕȈșȓȈȎ-
ȌȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȖȦ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȖȦ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȈȓȤȕȦ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ș ȋȘț-
șȚȕȣȔȐ țșȚȈȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
DzȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ
ǬȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȍȍ ȠȍȗȖȚ
— Esprit-Saint, lumiere des coeurs... Ötez le voile qui est de-
vant mes yeux...
— Ǩȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ țȔȍȓȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ
ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ș ȓțȒȈȊșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ș ȗȍȟȈȓȤȦ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș Dzȍ-
ȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȖȑ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȑ șȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȍȔț ȗȈɮȖșȖȔ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓ șȖ șȚțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓ
ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ
ȇ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȒțȟȕȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȋȌȍ ȕȈș ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓ
ȕȈȒȘȈȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȘȣȎȐȍ ȚțȟȐ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȓȐ ȕȈș ǷȖ
ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȒȘțȚȧșȤ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ șȚȖȓȉȐȒȐ ȗȣȓȐ ǰ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ,
ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȐȕȐȔȐ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ș
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȗȓȧȔȐ
Ǵȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȠȚȖȘȣ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȖȔț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ǹȚȈȓȖ Țȍș-
ȕȖ Ǫșȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȐ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȣ ǰ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȋȘȖȔ
ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ
—ǨȝȧȝȖȚȍȓȉȣȚȈȒȍȝȈȚȤȌȕȐȐȕȖȟȐȌȕȐȐȕȖȟȐ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ — ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȥȚȐ
ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ țșȚȈȝ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȍȌȣȍ
ȗȘȧȌȐ Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ țșȚȈȓ ȎȐȚȤ

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III
Ǫ Țț ȕȖȟȤ șȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȋȘȖȏȈ Ȑ ȉțȘȧ ȏȈȊȍȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȌȐȒțȦ ȗȍ-
șȕȦ Ƕȉȍ șȚȈȘțȝȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǶȕȐ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȝȖȚȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ șȖ șȚȈȘțȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȧ ȐȔ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ, ȕȍ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ șțȌȈȘȣȕȐ"
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ǶȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȖȔȍ ȋȘȖȔȖȖȚȊȖȌ Ȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȎȍȚ ȒȘȖȊ-
ȓȐ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș șțȌȈȘȣȕȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ ȋȘȖȏȣ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șțȌȈȘȤ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȔȘȈȒȈ Ȑ ȊȍȚȘȈ" Ǵȣ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȔ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȓȈȔȗț
— ǷȘȐ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ «ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ»" Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȓȈȔ-
ȗȣ șțȌȈȘȣȕȐ ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ș Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ
— DzȈȒ țȋȖȌȕȖ șțȌȈȘȤ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȔȈ șțȌȈȘȤ Ǵȣ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȏȈ ȊȈș ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȌȍȓ Ƞȓȧȗț
Ȑ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔȣȑ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȕȤȍȔ Ȑ ȊȏȌȖȝȈȔȐ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ
ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
DzȈȒ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓ ȖȒȍȈȕ
dzțȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ țȡȍȘȉȍ ǫȘȖȏȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȖ
Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈ șȍȌȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ.
ǪȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȊȈȓȣ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȧȘȖșȚȕȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ
ǯȐȧȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȈșȚȐ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȍ șȗȐȕȣ
ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȐȊȣ ǩțȘȧ ȗȍȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊțȦ
ȗȍșȕȦ
ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȜȈȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȔȈȧȒ ǵȈ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȜȐȋțȘ ș ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ
ǸȣȉȈȟȒȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ țȕȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ șȗȐȕȖȦ Ȓ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ș ȗȖȌȊȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ Ȑ țȉȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈ ȕȍ țșȗȍ-
ȓȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȧȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ǰȝ ȍȌȊȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȘȈȒȍ

116
ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȘȊȈȓ ȕȈ
ȕȍȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȇ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȍȍ, Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ
Ȓ ȒȈȔȕȦ ǷȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȍ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ
ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕț
— ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȉțȘȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ țȏȕȈȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧ-
ȋȐȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț. — DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȚȈȒ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȚșȧ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ, ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȐșȟȍȏȈȚȤ Ȑ
ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȕȣ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ șȍȉȧ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ"
— Ǫȣ — ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ Dzȍ-
ȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕț ȕȈ ȗȓȧȎȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒțȗȈȕȤȧ
— ǬȈ ǵȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ǰ ȔȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ-ȞȈȘȍȊȐȟ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ
ǶȕȈ ȚȈȒ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ǩ ȉț-
Șȧ ȋȓțȝȖ ȠțȔȍȓȈ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȉȈ șȗțȡȍȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȍșȣ— ȖȌȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȊ, ȖȚ ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȖ-ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȖ șȐȕȍ-ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ǴȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑ șȓȈȉȣȑ șȊȍȚ țȡȍȘȉȕȖȑ
ȓțȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȐȓ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȌȊțȝ
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȉȈȘȒȈșȖȊ șȖ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ ȚȖ ȊȖȏȕȐ-
ȒȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȡțȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ǻȚȓȣȍ ȘȣȉȈȞȒȐȍ șțȌȈ ȉȖȘȖȓȐșȤ ș ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ
ȖȚȊȈȎȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ DzȈȒ Ȑȝ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǶȌȕȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ, ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȦ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ǪȖȓȕȣ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȍȍ ȕȖȋ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȈȘȒȈș șȘȍȌȐ ȏȣȉȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȏȕȈȒ
— ǶȕȐ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȗȈȘțșȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘ-
ȋȐȍȊȕȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ șțȌȈ, — Ȉ ȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ Ȑȝ
ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȌțȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȗțȚȕȣȑ
ǭȌȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȉȈȘȒȈșȖȊ
ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǰȏ ȔȈȓȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȘȖș ȉȈȘȒȈș Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȒȘȣȓȈȚțȦ ȗȚȐȞț ǰ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȝ
ȗȈȘțșȈȝ

117
— ȇ ȐȌț ȌȖȔȖȑ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ
ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȒȐȊȕțȊ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȚȈȒ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ș ȊȈȔȐ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȒȈșȈȧșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȐ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț"
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȈș țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȈȠȐ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȣ ȓȦȉȓȦ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȕț ȖȌȐȕ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ —
ȌȈȔȈ ș ȓȐȓȐȍȑ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȈȒ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
«ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ
ȗȘȐșȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȖȕ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ, — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȚțȘȡȐ-
Ȟȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȐșȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ
— Ǩȝ Ȕȕȍ șȕȧȚșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȕȣ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț, — Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȋȌȍ șȖȕ ȋȌȍ ȧȊȤ ȇ Ȋșȍ
ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦ Ǩ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ǰȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȏȈȉȣ-
Țȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȗȖȓțțȊȧȌȠȐȑ — Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȓȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țȠȍȓ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ Țȍ-
ȉȧ — Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȓȐ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǰ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȥȚȖ
ȐȓȐ șȖȕ Ǩ ȚȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ǹȖ-
ȕȧ ȇ ș ȕȍȦ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈȧȊț ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȐȓȐ ȊȖ șȕȍ
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ș ȕȍȦ"
— Ƕ ȘȈȏȕȖȔ Ƕ ȕȍȊȈȎȕȖȔ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ș ȘțȉȐȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȎȈȓȖȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ șȣȘȖ.
DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓȈ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȉȧ
— ǰ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ Ǵȕȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ.
ȇ ȠțȚȐȓȈ ǹȖȕȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ȧ
— ǷȘȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ"
— Ǵȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȧ țȉȐȓȈ ǹȖȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȘȍȊȕȖȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȔțȎț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȇ ȕȍ
ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ

118
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȧ ȚȈȒ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǬȈ ǬȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȟțȎȖȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȟț-
ȎȖȑ Ƕȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
—ǨȒȚȖȎȍȖȕȉȣȓ"
— Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȐȓȐ ȒțȒȓȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȧ ȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȉȕ-
ȋȍȓ
«ǶȕȈ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǶȕȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȋ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ǷȖȔȍȌȓȐȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȍȍ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ Ȑ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ț ȗȖ-
ȘȖȋȈ ȖȚȍȓȧ
ȇ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȈȓșȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘ-
ȋȐȍȊȕȈ ș ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȤ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ șȎȈȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȓ Ȑ șȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ǶȚ-
ȚțȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȌȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ Ȑ ȊȝȖȌ
Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
ǵȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȖȒȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȗȋȕȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ, ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ
ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȔ, DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȥȚȈȎ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ șȊȍȚ ǵȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȈ ȚȈȔ șȊȍȟȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ Ǩ ȧ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȍȚ ȉțȘȧ
IV
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ǫȣ ȗȐȠȍȚȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖ ȥȚȖ"
— ǿȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ" — ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȧ

119
— DzȈȒ ȟȚȖ" dzȐȞȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ǶȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ
Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ" ǵȍȚ
ȕȍȚ ǪȍȓȈșȒȍȏ ǸȍȔȉȘȈȕȌȚ ǪȘțȉȍȓȤ — ȒȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ — Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ
șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȉȖȋȐ ȕȖ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȔȣșȓȐȔȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ǫșȍ
ȐȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȕȍ ȔțȟȈȍȔșȧ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ? Ǫȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ Ǫȣ ȞȍȓțȍȚȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȒȈșȈȍȚȍșȤ
ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȓȖȑ ȊȈȔ ȘțȒȐ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȊȈȔ ȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȍȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ
Ȑȕȣȝ, ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ ȊȈȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ DzȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ Dzȓȧ-
ȕțșȤ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȣȚȒȈ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȗȣȚȒȈ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȚȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓ
ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ
— Ǫȣ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȔȖȓȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȚȈȔ ȎȐȊț
— Ǩ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ"
—ǰȖȕȈȚȈȔȎȍ
— ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǫȣ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘ-
ȋȐȍȊȕț DzȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ" ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖ ȕȍȍ.
— ȇ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ș DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȖȑ ȕȖ —
țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȈȒȚȘȐșȖȑ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ șȞȍȕț ǭȍ ȔțȎ —
ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ Ƕȕ țȟȈșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ǩ ȗȘȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȣ ȧ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ, — ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ
ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚȍșȤ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȓȍșȒȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ. —
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȊȖȓȕțȦșȤ ǬȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȍȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȈ Ȋ
ȉȘȍȌț ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ

120
— ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ-
ȕȖ
— ǪȍȌȤ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ,
— Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ǾȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
— Ǩ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț, șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǶȕȈ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ ǶȕȈ Ȋșȍ
ȎȌȍȚ ȟțȌȈ Ǩ ȟțȌȈ ȕȍȚ
ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȊ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȒȈȒ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȚȖ
— To ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍȔ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
— Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȊșȍȔț ȒȖȕȍȞ
șȒȖȘȖ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐ
— ǰ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ" ǶȕȈ — ǬȖȕ-ǮțȈȕ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȇ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ
ȍȋȖ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ ȕȖ ț ȊȈș ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ
DzȈȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ «ǬȖȕ-ǮțȈȕ» ǵȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ ȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
— ǬȈ ǬȈ ǶȕȈ ȒȈȒ ǬȖȕ-ǮțȈȕ Ȋșȍ ȐȡȍȚ ȓȐȞȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȖȍ ǰȡȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ șȊȍȚț ȒȈȒ șȖȔ-
ȕȈȔȉțȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȍȑ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȐșȒȈȚȤ —
ȊȍȟȕȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
— Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȏȔ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ
— ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǰ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǬȖȕ-ǮțȈ-
ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ ǰ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ǬȖȕ-
ǮțȈȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȍȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȖ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ ǻ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȚȤ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȖ șȎȈȊ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț. — ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ȇ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȓȐȠ-
ȕȍȍǬȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ

121
V
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓ ȥȚȦȌ
ȔȖȘȧ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ Ȗ
ȒȈȒȖȔ ȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ șȍȘȌȞȍ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ
ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȦ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓțȦ ȊȖȌț
ȇ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȔȈȘȠ Ȑȏ «DzȈȘȔȍȕ» Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȓȈȏȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȍ Ȑ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȍ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓ-
șȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ
— ȇ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȊȈȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȖȉȒȖ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȥȚȦȌ
DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊț Ȑ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ ȚȖ ȖșȚȘȖȍ
ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ șȍȘȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȇ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȒȐșȚȤ
Ȑ ȗȈȓȐȚȘț Ȑ șȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ
— DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȉȍȘȧ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț. —
Ǫȣ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ǫȣ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ
ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍșȒȓȈȌȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȐȕȈȟȍ ȇ ȝȖȟț
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȇ ȝȖȟț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ǩȝ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ Ǫȣ
ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȓȐȧȍȚȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ

 ȇ ȒȈȎțșȤ ȊȈȔ șȔȍȠȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȈȐȊ-
ȕȣȔ" ǬȈ"
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȈȐȊȕȣȔ" ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— Ǫȣ ȊȓȐȧȍȚȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǵȍ
ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ ȓȐ ȧ Ȋ ȊȈș" ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȇ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ
ǪȍȌȤ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȊȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȊȈș. Ǩ șȍȑȟȈș ȍș-
ȓȐ Ȋȣ țȑȌȍȚȍ ȧ ȉțȌț ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ
DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
— Ǩȝ ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȋțȉȣ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȓȈȉȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚșȚȘȈ-
ȕȧȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȑ ȘȖȚ

122
ȇ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ ț ȍȍ ȕȖȋ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȍȍ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
— Ǫȣ ȚȈȒ ȧȊȕȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȣȔ Ǫȣ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉ ȊȈȔ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ
— ǬȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȊȈș Ȋȣ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ©dzȦȉȓȦ» ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ
— ǬȈ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ
— ǵȍȚ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ȇ — ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ǾȈȘȍȊȕȈ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓȈșȤ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ȗȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȑ-
Țȍ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȇ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȝȖȌȐȓ șȈȔ ȕȍ șȊȖȑ Ǫșȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȍȍ ȌțȝȖȊ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȋțȉ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȓȧȎȍ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǰ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȧ
ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȓț ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȍȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȏȐȕȖ Ȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȖȦ ȊȐȕȈ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ
Ȗ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȍ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȣȓȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ
ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȋ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȔ ȟȈșț ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ șȚȈȘțȝȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌȍȚ ȌȈȔȈ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ țȗȈȓȖ
DzȈȒȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȐȊȣ Ǵȣ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ
ǰ șȍȑȟȈș Ȕȕȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ Dzȍ-
ȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǶȕȈ țȠȓȈ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ DzȈȒ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȟȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈșȚȍȋȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ǻȝȖȌȧ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȅȚȖ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ
— ǿȚȖ «ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ»? — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ
— Ǫșȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǹȒțȟȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ Ǩ șȍȑȟȈș ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȕȕȍ ǷȘȖȡȈȑ

ǹȓȍȏȣ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȖ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȋȖȘȓț
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǵȍ țȝȖȌȐ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ țȠȓȈ
ȇ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ǻȚȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȏȈ-
șȣȗȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș șȍȑȟȈș — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȌȍ-
ȊȈȧșȤ
ǪȖȠȍȓ ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ ǸțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ
ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȊȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ, — ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȣȌ-
ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǭșȓȐ ȍȍ ȕȍȚ ț ȊȈș ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȧ țȋȈȌȈȓ Ǫșȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȚ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȇ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȍȍ ȚȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉțȘȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ
Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȕȈȌȍȓ Ƞȓȧȗț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȚȈȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȍȊȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȔȖȕ
ǬȘȖȉȖȊșȒȐȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖȍ
ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ
ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȚȖȓȗȍ ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ DzȍȚȍȊȈȕȐ ǫȍȖȘ-
ȋȐȍȊȕȣ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȘȣȎȐȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȠȍȐ
Ȑ ȘțȒț ȕȍȎȕțȦ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ǷȓȈȚȤȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗțȚȈȕȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
ȚȘȈȊȖȑ

124
ȁǽȉǾȊ
Ǩ Ǩ ǩȍȓ-DzȖȕȤ-ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȖȑ
1
ǷȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉțȔȈȋț ǵȈȚȈȠț ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȈȕ-
șȐȖȕ ȕȈ ȒȈȏȍȕȕȣȑ șȟȍȚ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȔȈȔȈ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȗȈȗț ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȚȤ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ
ǷȈȗȈ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ
— ǵȖ Țȣ ȗȖȑȔȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ș ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ș ȋȖȓȖșȍ,— ȕȖ
Țȣ ȗȖȑȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ-ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ țȔȘț ǿȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ș ȌȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȖȑ"ǷȈȗȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȕȖ ȔȈȔȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȟțȚȤ ȊȤȦȡȐȔȐșȧ Șȣ-
ȎȍȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȐȒȈȔȐ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ,
ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȖȒȘȍȗȠȐȔȐ ȗȓȍȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ șȍȘțȦ ȗȈțȚȐȕț Ȑ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȏȈȔȖ-
ȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȈțȚȐȕț Ȑ țșȕțȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ șȕȖȔ
ǸȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȌȊȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ©ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȖȔȈª Ȉ ȌȘț-
ȋțȦ ©Ȋ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕª ǷȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȐșȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȓ ȖȉȘȈȏț ǵȐ-
ȒȖȓȈȧ ǿțȌȖȚȊȖȘȞȈ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ șȈȔȈ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈ ȏȈȗȐșȖȟȒț — ©Ȋ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕª
ǶȕȈ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȍȏȌȐȓȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈ ȌȧȌȦ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ — ș
ȌȊțȔȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ț șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȍȕȉȍȘȕȈȘȈ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȈȔȈ ȊȍȏȍȚ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț Ȋ ȋțȉȍȘȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
Ȑȏ Ȑȝ țȍȏȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȝȖȓțșȚȤȧ
ǪȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǰȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȍȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǹȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȗțȋȈȦȚ ȋțȓȒȐȔȐ ȏȊȖȕ-
ȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȈȧ țȋȖȡȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠț ȒȖȕȜȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ

125
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȚȈȘȈȧ șȒȈȏȒț ȗȘȖ țȗȣȘȧ ǫțȉȣ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȔțȒȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȓ
ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȑ șȖșȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȎȔȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȔȈȔȍ — Ȑ ȔȈȔȈ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ
șȚȈȘțȝț
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȍȚȧȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ?
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏ Ȋȣ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓȐ"
— ǬȈ ȗȖȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȧ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ"
— ȇ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ șȘȈȏț șȒȈȏȈȓȈ țȗȣȘȤ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȒȖȍ țȗȣȘȤ
— Ǩȝ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǯȈȉȣȓȈ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ țȗȣȘȤ
— ǯȈȉȣȓȐ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ș
țȗȣȘȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
— ǵȍ ȗȓȈȟȤ ȌȍȚȒȈ ȔȖȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȈȔȈ — ȕȍ ȗȓȈȟȤ dzȖ-
ȎȐșȤ șȗȈȚȤ ȔȐȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ǽȘȐșȚȖș ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ǴȈȔȈ ȒȘȍșȚȐȚ ǵȈȚȈȠț ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȍȚ ȉȍșȖȊșȒțȦ șȐ-
ȓț ȒȘȈșȕȖȋțȉȣȝ țȗȣȘȍȑ
— ǯȈȡȐȚȐ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȐȓțȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ǵȈȚȈȠț
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ șȗȐȚ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȤ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȟȍȗȞȍ ȒȈȒ ț șȚȈȘțȝȐ ǰ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȣȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȚȈ
ȓȐ șȚȈȘȈȧ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔ țȗȣȘȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȍ
Ǩȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȘȖȌȧȚ țȗȣȘȐ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȓȐȞȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋțȉȣȍ șȒȓȖȕȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ
ȗȤȦȚ ȈȓțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȍșȣȚȣȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ
ǰ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȔȍȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ
ȔȐȓțȦ ȔȈȔț
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȦȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ — ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ
ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ǷȓȈȟȍȚșȧ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕțȦ șțȌȤȉț ȗȖ-Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐțȕȣȓȐ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ șȈȌȣ ȗȖȕțȘȖ șȚȖȧȚ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕ-
ȕȖȔ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȒȍ
— Ǩȝ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȉȣ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ț ȚȍȚȒȐ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȣ ǶȕȈ ȝȖȌȐȚ ș ȗȈȗȐȘȖș-
ȒȖȑ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ǷȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȉțȜȍȚț șȚȈȓȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤ ȟȈȑȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȠȈȚȕțȓȈșȤ
ǬȧȌȧ ȎȈȓțȍȚșȧ ȔȈȔȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȍȚȒț ǹȍ-

126
ȘȈȜȐȔț
— ǹ țȚȘȈ ȕȈȒȓȦȒȈȓȈșȤ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȈȒȓȦȒȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȍȑ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȚȍȚȒț
ǽȖȟȍȚșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
— ǺȍȚȍȟȒȈ ȔȐȓȈȧ Ȕȕȍ Țȍȉȧ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ
ȕȈȒȓȦȒȈȓȈșȤ ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȔȈȔȈ ș ȚȍȚȒȖȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȒțȗ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȚȧ ȓȖȎȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȑ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚ
ǶȕȈ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ ȊȖ șȕȍ
— ǭȌț ȍȌț ȍȌț
ǰ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȍȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȌȍȚ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ
ȘȈȊȕȖ"
2
Ǫ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȖȝȘȖȑ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȒȈȘ-
ȉȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȐșȓȖȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȣ ȕȈȊȖȌȧȚ țȕȣȕȐȍ Ȋ ȈȒȚȖȊȖȔ
ȏȈȓȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȒțȗȞȈ ș ȔȍȌȈȓȧȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȧ
ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȈ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȐ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ — ȕȐ Ȋ ȖȝȘț ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȣ
ȕȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ
— ǵț ȗȘȖȡȈȑ ȌȍȚȒȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖș ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǵȈ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍ ȊȖ-
ȏȤȔȍȔ Țȍȉȧ ǩțȌȍȔ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ șȈȕȒȈȝ ȒȈȚȈȚȤșȧ
ǴȈȔȈ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘ șȍȌȖțșȣȑ țȕȖșȐȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȐȕț ȒȖȘȏȐȕȖȟ-
Ȓț ǻ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ șȘȖșȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ — ȌȊȈ ȔȖȝ-
ȕȈȚȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȈ ǩȓȍȌȕȖȓȐȒȐȍ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȤȐ-
ȞȈȝ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȕȈ ǵȈȚȈȠț ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǷȖȊȍȓȐ ȕȖȊȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȝ Ȋ ȌȖȘȚțȈȘ
— DzȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ"
— ǴȖȑ ȗȈȗȈ — ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȑ
— Ǩ ȔȈȔȈ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǴȈȔȈ — ȔȈȔȖȟȒȈ
ǺȖșȒȈ ț ǵȈȚȈȠȐ Ǫ țȋȓț șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ

127
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ"
— ǯȍȓȐȒȔȈȕ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȚ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ"
— ǺȈȒ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȚ
ǺȖșȒȈ ț ǵȈȚȈȠȐ ǯȊȖȕȖȒ ȗțȋȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǯȈȋȖ-
ȘȧȚșȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ǷȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ȋ ȟțȎțȦ
ȌȈȓȤ
ǪȖȚ ȐȌțȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȍȉȍȕ ǷȖȗȈȘȕȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ș ȟȍȘȕȖȋȓȈȏȖȑ
ǴȈȠțȘȐȕȖȑ
ǹȍȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȧ ȘȐȏȖȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȠȈȍȚ
— ǩȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕ ǩȖȋ ȕȈȠ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǫȓȈȏȈ
ȍȋȖ — ȒȈȒ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȋțȉȣ — ȒȈȒ ȈȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȦȌȈ ȋȌȍ Ȧȕȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖȓȍȚȕȐȍ
ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ȗȖȦȚ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȚȘȖȗȈȘȤ ©ȇȒȖ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ
țȟȍȕȐȒȖȊ ǺȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȍșȐ ǹȗȈșȍª
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ǴȈȠțȘȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋțȉȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— ǻȗȣȘȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǴȈȠțȘȐȕȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȕȈ țȗȣ-
Șȧ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ
ǽȖȘ ȗȖȍȚ
©ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ ȕȍȗȖșȚȣȌȕȖȍª
ǪȖȚ țȎ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț
— ǰȏȉȈȊȐ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȓȖȋȈ ȊȘȈȎȐȧ
ǪȖȚ țȎ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȟȒȐ ȒȖ ȒȘȍșȚț
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȖȓțȌȍȚșȒȐȍ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȋțȉȣ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȕȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍȏȋȘȍȠȕȣȍ — ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșȗȧȚȐȍȔ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȍȚ șȍȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȗȣȚșȚȊțȧ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȧȚȣȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ
«ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ țȗȣȘȤ», — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȔȖȓȍȉȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ ǴȈȠțȘȐ-
ȕȈ șȢȍȓȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȐȕȖ ȗȐȘȖȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ țȡȐȗȕțȓȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ-
ȕț ȘțȒț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ — Ȋ șȈȌ ǩȍȋȈȓȐ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȒȈȔ Ȋ ȖșȍȕȕȍȔ ȉȈȋȘȧȕȞȍ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ

128
— ǪȖȕ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȐȌȍȚ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ țȗȣȘȤ — Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȚȐȝȓȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓȐ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȠȒȐ-ȔȣȠȒȐ ǴȈȠțȘȐȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȠȒȖȑ dzȖȊȐȓȈ ǵȈȚȈȠț ǷȖȑȔȈȓȈ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ țȒțșȐȓȈ
ǵȈȚȈȠț ȏȈ ȡȍȒț
DzȓȈșșȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȏȈșȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȚȈ-
ȡȐȓȐ ǯȍȓȐȒȔȈȕ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ țȋȖȓ ȏȈ ȉȍșȍȌȒț ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ș ȕȍȑ
ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǬȍȊȖȟȒȐ
șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ǯȍȓȐȒȔȈȕ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ș ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔȐ ș ȐșȞȈȘȈȗȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǰ ȖșȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȓȈȎȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȈȧ — ȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ
șȈȌț ǰ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȖșȍȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ — Ȋșȍ șȖȟȍȚȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȗȣȚȒȍ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȖȗȈșȕțȦ ȐȋȘț — ȉȣȚȤ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ ȒȖȠȒȖȑ — ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ —
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȍ — șȎȐȔȈȚȤ
ȒȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ ȒȘțȋ — Ȑ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ȗșȍȕ-
ȕȍȔ ȉȈȋȘȧȕȞȍ
ǷȖ ȈȓȓȍȧȔ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȉȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ țșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȖȚ ȌȍȚșȒȐȝ ȐȋȘ ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ș ȖșȍȕȕȐȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ
Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȗȍȓȍȘȐȕȈȝ ǺȖȔȕȖ șȐȧȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑȝ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȋ ȖșȍȕȤ
DzȓȈșșȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȏȈșȕțȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ șȍȌȣȍ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȣ țȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȊȧȏȈȕȤȍ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ
ǴȐȔȖ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ țȗȣȘȍȔ ǷȘȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȊ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ ǩȘȖȌȐȓ ǻȗȣȘȤ
ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈȔ șȈȌȈ ǰ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȧșȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ șȔțȡȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȒȘȈșȕȍȓȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȘȖȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
3
ǫȖȘȐȚ Ȋ ȌȖȘȚțȈȘȍ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȚșȧ
ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ Ȗșȍȕȕȧȧ ȕȖȟȤ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȍ șȗȐȚ ȕȈ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǷȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
DzȓȈșșȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȝȘȈȗȐȚ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǯȍȓȐȒȔȈȕ
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ Ȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ ȊȖ șȕȍ
— Ǩȝ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ" ǿȚȖ"

129
ǰ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȗȧȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȕȤȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȍȊȘȍȑȒȐ
— Ǩȝ ȔȈȔțșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȍȕȣ ǴȈȠțȘȐȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȐȌȍȚ ȉȖșȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȉȈȠȒȍ Ȓ șȖșȍȌȒȍ
ǴȖȓȟȈ ȦȘȒȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ ǷȘȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ
Ȑ ȠȍȗȟțȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈ țȝȖ șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȣȠȕȖ
ǷȘȐȚȈȐȓȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ DzȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȓțȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǮȈȘȒȖ ȕȈȚȖȗȓȍȕȖ Ȋ ȌȖȘȚțȈȘȍ ǬțȠȕȖ ǹȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
ȖȌȍȧȓȖ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȍȑ Ǫ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȍ
șȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȌȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǹȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ Ȓȓț-
ȉȖȟȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȍȒ ǪȖȘȖȎȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ ǰ
ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ șțȌȤȉȍ
«ǿȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ" DzȈȒ ȎțȚȒȖ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȔȣ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȐȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋțȉȣȑ ǻȗȣȘȤ».
DzȈȒȖȍ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȍ Ȋ ȌȖȘȚțȈȘȍ ǻȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȋ-
ȘȖȑ, ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚȍȓȧȝ ȀȍȗȟțȚ Ȋ ȓțȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȘȍȌț ©dzȖȊȐ dzȖȊȐª — ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȦȚ. ǷȣȓȈȦȚ ȌȍȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȋțȉȣ
ǷȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȓțȕȖȦ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ șȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘț-
ȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȚțȈȘț Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȍ ǯȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȒȖ-
ȠȒȐ Ȑ ȔȣȠȒȐ
ǰ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȘȚțȈȘ ǻȗȣȘȤ ȐȡȍȚ
ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǩȘȖȌȐȚ ǻȗȣȘȤ ȖȚ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȌȖ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈȌȍȚ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț Ȑ ȗȤȍȚ Ǩ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ șȚȖȕȍȚ ȚȖȔȐȚșȧ ȕȖ ȗȘȖș-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ — ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǰȐșțșȍ ǽȘȐșȚȍ șȗȈșȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȐȓțȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ǵȈ-
ȚȈȠț
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȒȘȍșȚȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȚ ǻȗȣȘȧ țȠȍȓ
ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚ
ǹȕȧȚșȧ ȍȑ șȍȘȣȍ ȔȣȠȒȐ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȖȚ ǴȧțȟȐȚ
ȒȖȚ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȧ
șȚȘȈȝ ȕȈ ȔȣȠȐȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ǩȍȋțȚ ȔȣȠȒȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȣ

130
Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȒȖȚ ǽȖȟȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȏȈșȚțȗȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȔȣȠȍȒ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȘȣȚȤ Ȑȝ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȖȚ șȚȈȓ ǻȗȣȘȍȔ dzȐȞȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȖȍ ǵȈȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ǵȈȚȈȠȍȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ șȒȖ-
ȘȖ-șȒȖȘȖ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț șȊȖȍȔț ǽȘȐșȚț
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǰȐșțșȍ șȗȈșȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȐȓțȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ǵȈȚȈȠț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝ țȘȖȒȖȊ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒț ǶȌȍ-
ȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȠȚȈȕȐȠȒȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȍȘȚȍȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ,
ȗȘȐșȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȗȍȞȐȐ
ǺțȚ ȝȖȌȐȓ ǻȗȣȘȤ țȟȐȓ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ ȊȣȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȤ-
ȞȈȝ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ șȕȐȏț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ țȗȈȓȐ ȝȊȈȓȐȓ ȏȈ șȚȈȘȈ-
ȕȤȍ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǷȖȚȖȔ țȠȓȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȓȈșșȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ǫțșȍȊȈ
— Ǫȣ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ, — ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȏȈȑȔȐȚȍșȤ ȔȈȓȣȠȈȔȐ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖȑ-
Ȍț ǻȟȐȓ ǻȗȣȘȤ ǴȈȠțȘȐȕț ȊȍȘȚȍȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȗȍȞȐȐ ǽțȌȖ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ Ǫȏȧȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǴȈȠțȘȐȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ȁȍȒȖȚȕȖ
ǯȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ ǻȗȣȘȤ ȊȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ©ȓȧȋțȠȒțª ǵȈȗȘȧȋȈȓȖșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȓȐȕȐȧ ǹȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ ǵȈ
ȋțȉȈȝ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
ǷȖȝȊȈȓȐȓ ǻȗȣȘȤ ǴȈȠțȘȐȕț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȓȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ țȘȖȒ ǯȈȒȖȕȈ ǩȖ-
ȎȐȧ
ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȐȓșȧ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌ-
ȕȣȔ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǵȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ șȣȕ ȍȋȖ ǽȈȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓȐ ȕȈȋȖȚț ȖȚȞȈ ǰȈȜȍȚ Ȑ ǹȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ǽȈȔȈ ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ
ȉȣȓ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈȗȐȓșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ©ȕȈȒȓȦȒȈȓșȧª ǰ ǵȈ-
ȚȈȠȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȍȚȍ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ©ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ,
ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȈȒȓȦȒȈȚȤșȧª
Ȁȍȓ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȋțȓȧȚȤ
Ȋ șȈȌț ǩȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ șȒțȟȕȣȍ Ȋ șȒțȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȝ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȈ
ǴȈȠțȘȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ
— Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȒȓȈșșȍ ȍșȚȤ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ dzȐȓȐȚȖȊȈ Ǫ ȓțȕȕȣȍ ȕȖ-
ȟȐ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȊȖ șȕȍ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕț ǯȈ-

131
ȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȑ ȠȒȈȜ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓ ȏȈȓȍȏȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȗȍȞȐȦ — Ȉ șȈȔȈ șȗȐȚ
— ȅȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
— ǬȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ǩ ȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ț ȔȈȌȈȔ ǫț-
șȍȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȖȚ ȚȍȓȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǪȚȖȘȖȒȓȈșșȕȐȞȣ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȍȎȐȚ ǫțșȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȉȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ
ȚțȈȓȍȚȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȔȣȓȖȔ Ȑ ȏțȉȕȣȔȐ ȡȍȚȒȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
— ǭȡȍ ȉȣ ǰ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ Ǩ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȌȖȘ-
ȚțȈȘȖȔ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȋ Ȟȍȗȧȝ ȕȈȠȓȐ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ...
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǻȗȣȘȤ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȤȍȚ ȎȐȊțȦ
— Ǩ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȤȍȚ"
— ǵȍȚ ǭȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȋțȉȣ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ Ƕȕ ȌȖȉȘȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
— ǹȒȖȘȖ ȕȈș șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǴȈȠț-
ȘȐȕȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǬȖȠȓȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȑ ȌȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ ǴȈȌȈȔ ǫțșȍȊȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ ȍȍ Ȓ
ȌȖȒȚȖȘț ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ — ȌȍȚȖȟȒȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȇ ȏȈȑȌț Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȌȊȈ țȘȖȒȈ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ǯȈȗȍȘ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǻȋȖ-
ȡȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠț ȒȖȕȜȍȚȒȖȑ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ
— ǷȖȌȐ șȦȌȈ ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ șȢȍȔ
ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǵȈȚȈȠț șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ǶȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ
ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȕ ȍȋȖ
— ǵț ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕȐ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȇ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȦ Țȍȉȧ
«ǻȗȣȘȤ — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ. — ǻȗȣȘȤ».
ǨȓȍȦȚ ȋțȉȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ
ȘțȒȐ ǷȈȝȕȍȚ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȌțȝȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȦȘȚțȒȈ Ǭț-
ȠȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȀȚȖȘȣ șȗțȡȍȕȣ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ — ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ țȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ș ȈȓȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ
ǺȍȔȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȣȎȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǵȈȚȈȠȐȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȚ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȔȐȕȍ
— DzȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ȌȍȚȖȟȒȈ"

— ǵȈȚȈȠȍȑ
— ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȐȚ"
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
— Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ"
— ǵȍȚ
— Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ"
— ǵȍȚ
— ǵț ȌȍȚȒȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȎȐ ȊȖȚ ȥȚț ȚȍșȍȔȖȟȒț ǬȈ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ,
ȧ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ
ǹȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȉȈȠȖȕȒȍ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȍ ǫȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȍȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȣ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ǸȖȏȖȊȍȍȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȖȓȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȦȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȌȣȝȈȍȚ ǻȗȣȘȤ ȈȓȖșȚȤ ȚȍȗȓțȦ Ȑ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȕțȦ
— ǵț ȓȖȎȐșȤ ȌȍȚȒȈ — șȦȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌț-
ȠȒȈ ȔȐȓȈȧ
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ, — ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ
— ǿȍȋȖ Ȏ Țȣ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ" ȇ Țȍȉȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȦ
ǰ ȊȐȌȐȚ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȔȕȍȦȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ șȕȍȎȕȖȔ
ȓȐȞȍ

133
ǺǮǹdzǻȊǸǶǷ ǾǮȁȃ
I
ǽȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȖȋȖ ǸȈțȝȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȈ ș ȊȈȒșȖȑ Ȑ șȗȐȟ-
ȒȈȔȐ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȈȧ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȈȧ Ȓȓȧ-
ȟȈ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȖșȚȈȕȒȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȍȊȘȍȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌ-
ȉȐȡȍ
ǯȈ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȠȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȤ șȍȌȈȧ ǨȕȕȈ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈ ǸȍȊȍȒȒȈ
ȝțȌȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǷȖ
ȌȖșȒȈȔ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȊ ȉȘȍȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȍȊȘȍȐ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȤ — ș ȏȈȊȖȌȈ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ǷȘțșȚ
Ǩ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ƞȍȓ ȔȧșȕȐȒ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖ-
ȕȐȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȖȒȓȈȌȐșȚȖȑ ȉțȘȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȐȦȓȍ Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȍȓȒȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ.
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȕȐȒȓȈ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȍȘȖȑ ȊțȈ-
ȓȤȦǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȘȈȏȉȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȋȘȈȉȐȓȐ ȓȈȊȒȐ DzȍȏȍȓȤȔȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ǬȘȍȑȍȘȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ țȓȐ-
ȞȈȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
șȈȔȖȑ ȘȐȋȍ ȒțȗȞȈ ǸțȔȧȕȞȍȊȈ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒțȦ ǹȈȘȘț
ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ț ȗȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȍ
ȓȖȗțȝȐ
ǺȍȓȍȋȈ ș ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȈ ȠȓȈȋȉȈțȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȖ
țȏȒȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȍ ȒțȒțȘțȏȣ
ǷȈȝȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȑ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ șțȝȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒȐ Ȑ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȖ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȋȘȖȉ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȒȓȈȌ-
ȉȐȡȈ ȘȈȊȊȐȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȉ șȚȈȘȈȧ ǨȕȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȉȐȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍȑ șȍ-
ȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ ȗȖȓ

134
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȋȘȖȉ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȓ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș
ȋțșȚȣȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȍ
ǽȖȌȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȚțȟȈȓ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȏȈȒȖȕȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞț ȝȖȘȖ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȔȐ.
ǽȖȌȐȓ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǸȈțȝȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȕțȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖȉȈ Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț
DzȖȋȌȈ ǸȍȊȍȒȒȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȉȍȓțȦ ȋȖȘȉȈȚțȦ ȜȐȋțȘȒț ȖȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȚȖȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȚȘțȗț ȕȖ ȍȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȉȤȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȝțȌȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǷȖȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȇȒȖȊȈ ǷȘȖȕȐȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȖȒȖȓȖȚȖȟȕȣȔ ǿȍșȕȖȒȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ǹȍ-
ȊȍȒȒȈ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ȇ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ țȉȐȑȞȣ ǩțȌȤȚȍ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣ
ǰ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ț ȇȒȖȊȈ ǷȘȖȕȐȕȈ ȧșȕȍȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȐȒȈ
Ȑ ș ȒȘȐȊȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȘȈȏțȔȍȊ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ
II
ǵȈȒȈȕțȕȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǸȈțȝȈ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȡȐȒȈȔȐ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȍȊ-
ȘȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȉȐȓ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȐȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ǵȈ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȏȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȐȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȒȐ, ȗȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȡȐȒȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȞȒȐȑ ȗȈȚȘțȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț. ǶȌȐȕ
ȘȣȎȐȑ țșȈȚȣȑ ȒȈȏȈȒ ș ȕȈȐȊȕȖ-ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖșȖ-
ȓȖȊȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȒȐ șȚȖȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȖȔț ȖȜȐȞȍȘț Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȏȈȔȠȍȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȍ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ ș șȍșȚȘȖȦ ǸȍȊȍȒȒȖȑ
— ǫȕȐȓȈȧ ȋȖȊȧȌȐȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȖȜȐȞȍȘț țȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȕȈ ǸȍȊȍȒȒț — Ȉ ȚȖ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȎȐȌȖȊȒț ȊȈȠȍȔț

ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȦ
ǰ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț ǷȘȖȕȐȕ țȌȈȘȐȓ ǸȍȊȍȒȒț ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȋȘȖȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒȍ ǷȘȖȕȐȕȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȔț ȘȈșȒȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǹȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȗȖȑȌȐȚȍ Ȓ
ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȍ Ȑ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȍȑ ©ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǸȈțȝ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȤȧȕ».
— ǬȈ Țȣ șȔȍȍȠȤșȧ ȒȖȚȍȕȖȒ — ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ș
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ǸȈțȝȈ — ȌȈ Țȣ șȔȍȍȠȤșȧ ȕȈȌȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȖȊ ȋȖȘȉțȕ
ǹȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȣ Ȑ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȒțȝȈȘȒȈ Ȑ
ȖȒȖȓȖȚȖȟȕȣȑ ǿȍșȕȖȒȖȊ
ǺȈȒ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȔȧșȕȐȒ ș
ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍȑ Ȑ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȈȘȓȐȒ șȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȘ-
ȉȖȔ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȈțȝ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȘȈș-
ȒȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ. — ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȍȑ șȍ-
șȚȘȖȑ ǸȍȊȍȒȒȖȑ ȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ țȉȤȦ șȍȉȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ
ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȠȍȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ
Ǩ ȋȖȘȉțȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȖș
ǷȖ ȘȍȒȍ șȗȓȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȓȍș Ȑ ȊȕȐȏț ȔțȎȐȒȐ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ Șț-
ȉȈȝȈȝ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȧșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȍșȚȈȔȐ
ǩȍȓȣȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȘȍȊȕȈȝ ǵȈ
ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗȍȓ ȏȊȖȕȒțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȈșȤ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȏȈșȐȧ-
ȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ ȘȍȒț Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȖș ȕȈȊȍȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȉȓȍșȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍșȕȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ǸȍȊȍȒȒȈ ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǸȍȊȍȒȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ǸȈțȝ,
ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝȐ ȌȘȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ
— ǹȍșȚȘȍȕȖȟȒȈ ȔȖȧ — Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȓȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
_____

136
III
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ǸȈțȝȈ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ Ȑ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȌȒȐ ș țȋȘȍȔ
— ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ — ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋȣ-
ȗȐȊȈȧ ȘȦȔȒț ȏȈ ȘȦȔȒȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȧ ȎȐȘȕȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ
ǹȐȌȍȓ ȔȧșȕȐȒ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȊȖȌȒț —
ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȗȐȓ ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ Ȉ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȒȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ Ȑ ȗȖȔȧȕțȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȉțȕȈ — ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȇȒȖȊ
ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȍ-
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǩȣȓ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ dzțȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȖȔȕȈȧ Ȑ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ
Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȘȖȋȈȍȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊț ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǪȝȖȌȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ șȍȕȐ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȓț ȏȈ ȒȈȌȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȚțȌȈ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȧșȕȐȒ
ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȗȤȧȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ, — ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ — ȚȦ-ȚȦ!
dzțȕȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȘȖȎȐȓȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ șȚȍȕȣ,
Ȑ ȗȖȓ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȉȍȓȍȓȖ
ȇȒȖȊ ȒȘȧȝȚȧ ȏȈȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȏȈ șȐȚȞȍȊȣȑ
ȗȖȓȖȋ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȚ
ǷȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȗȓȧșȒȍ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȐ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ǰ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȐȚ-
Ȋȍ ǵȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȖȍ ȒȈȒ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȈȧ ȗțȓȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǰ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȇȒȖȊ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȊȠȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ șȐȚȞȍȊțȦ
ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒț Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǻȣ ȏȌȍșȤ" ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ Ǻȣ ȏȌȍșȤ"
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȇȒȖȊ ȉȖșȖȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȉȈȝȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȖȒȕț
Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘ

137
ǷȖ șȚȍȕȍ șȈȘȈȧ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȖȚ ȓțȕȣ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ Ȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȈȧ
ǺȈȒ ș ȗȤȧȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ ȇȒȖȊț ǷȘȖȕȐȕț: ȗȘȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ Ȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȈȧ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤ ȕȍ
ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤ
ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȍȍ ȘȈȏȘȣȚȤ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ-ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ©ǶȚȌȈȑ»
IV
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȇȒȖȊ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȏȚȐ Țȍȓȍȕ-
ȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ǷȘțșȚ
ǴȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȕȒȈ Ȓ Țȍȓȍȋȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȍcȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ
ȇȒȖȊ Ȋȏȧȓ ȊȖȎȎȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȍ-
ȊȈȚȖ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȐ
ǬțȝȖȚȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȇȒȖȊ
Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȘȖȏȈ
ǷȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȊȏȌțȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȖȌȕȐȔ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȉțȋȘȖȔ dzȈșȚȖȟȒȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȒȈ-
șȈȧșȤ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖȑ ȘȎȐ ǶȌȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȈȧ
ȚțȟȈ ș ȗȖȘȣȎȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȒȘȈȧȔȐ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ș ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȘȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȕț-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȔȣȟȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȕȖȒ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȘȖȎȤ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȘț-
ȚȧșȤ șȚȖȓȉȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȚȈȔ Ȑ șȧȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȘțȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȓȐșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȉȖ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȔ
ǯȈȉȐȓȈ ȋȘȖȏȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȖșȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȓȍșȚȕțȓȈ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȉțȘȕȣȔȐ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȐȓȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǹ ȊȖȍȔ ȘȐ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȘȖȎȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȧ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȍșȕȣ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȇȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈ Țȍȓȍȋȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ
— ǫȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȒȕțȚȖȔ
ǺȍȓȍȋȈ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȐȝȘȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȉțȘȍȑ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȔȧșȕȐȒ ǷȘȖȕȐȕ

DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȓȐȚȤ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȊȏȔȣȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȘȣșȤȦ ȌȖ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘșȚȣ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ
ǷȍȘȍȍȏȎȈȧ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚț ȟȍȘȍȏ ǿȍȘȕțȦ ǸȍȟȒț ȇȒȖȊ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǫȖȘȉțȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȉțȋȖȘȒȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ
ȉȘȖșȈȓ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȘȍȟȖȕȒȐ

139
ǰǼǵǹȌǯǹdzǻǻȉǷ ǹȁǶǵȉ ǴdzǹǶ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȏȈșȚȘȧȊ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȖ ȚȖșȒțȧ ȗȖ șȖȓȍȕȖ-
Ȕț ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔț ȊȖȏȌțȝț Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ ȉȍȕ-
ȏȐȕȈ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȝ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȑ ǹȍȕȣ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ǪȖȓȤȚȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȟȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȈȝ ȉțȒȐȕȐșȚȖȊ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ, ©ǵȖȊȈȧ ȅȓȖȐȏȈª Ȋ ȎȍȕȍȊ-
șȒȖȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȥȚț ȒȕȐȎȒț ȗȘȍȓȤșȚȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȜȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȌțȘȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȖȔ ǷȘȐ-
Ȍȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȒțȗȒț ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȕțȚ-
Șȍȕȕȧȧ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȗȖȌȒȓȍȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȣȠȒț ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈ ȟțȚȤ-
ȟțȚȤ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȍȍ ȒȘȈȧ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋȣ-
ȗȈȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȗȖȓțȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȓȐșȚȣ ȔȍȓȒȖ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȚȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈțȘȧȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓȐ ȔȖȍ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍȔțȈȘȖȊ
ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȕȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȈ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȝȖȟț
ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȐȔȐ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȓ ȈȉȉȈȚț Ȍȍ DzȍȘȈȊȍȕȈȕț Ȑ țșȗȍȓ ȐȏȓȐȚȤ ȍȔț
Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȅȚȖȚ ȔțȌȘȣȑ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȔȖȋ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕȣȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȊȣȝȖȌ-
ȕȣȔ
ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ DzȈȒ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȔȖȦ dzțȐȏț ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ șȔȍȦ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȔȖȍȑ ǴȖȧ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȌțȠȕȖ șȖȋ-
ȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ ȉȘȈȒ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — țȊȣ — ȔȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȘțȠȐ-
ȓȖșȤ
ȇ ȕȍ șȗȓȦ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ
Ȕȕȍ șȕȐȚșȧ dzțȐȏȈ — Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȔ
Ȑ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȖȐȚ

140
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ǹȍȕ-ǹȦȓȤȗȐș Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȓȖȝȔȈȚțȦ ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȐȝȐ DzȖȘȕȍȓȧ
ǴȖȎȕȖ șȖȑȚȐ ș țȔȈ ȖȚ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ șȈȔ ȉȍȏ ȊȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍ ȊȖȊȓȍȟȍȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ
ț ȕȈș ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȍȑ
ȇ țȊȈȎȈȦ ǮȈȕ-ǮȈȒȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ ǭșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐ-
Țȍ ȧ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȋȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȊȧȚțȦ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ǷȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔ ǷȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔ ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍȔț șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ
Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ȏȈȚȍȧȓȐ Ȋ DzȖȉȓȍȕȞȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȍ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȘȈșȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǸȖȉȍșȗȤȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ țȓȐȟȕȣȍ
ȓȐșȚȒȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ «ȕȍȗȖȌȒțȗȕȣȔ», ȊȕțȠȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȖ
ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ǩțȘȉȖȕȖȊ
ǩȍȌȕȣȍ ȓȐȓȐȐ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȖȎȐȊțȚ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ǵȍȗȖȌȒțȗȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȑȕȣ ș ȗȘțș-
șȈȒȈȔȐ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȖȔ
DzșȚȈȚȐ, ȓȐȞȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕȈ ǸȖȉȍșȗȤȍȘȈ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖ-
Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒț ȓȍȊȘȍȚȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȔȖȧ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȘȐȓȈ dzțȐȏȍ
ǵȖ ȧ ȏȈȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȐȠț Ȗ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȔȣșȓȦ ǰ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕȈ
ǸȖȉȍșȗȤȍȘȈ ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȉ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓ ȔȖȍ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȔȖȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ
ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ DzȈȒ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȔȖȧ dzțȐȏȈ ǭȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȓȖ-
ȒȖȕȣ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȝȘȈȕȦ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȍȌȈȓȤȖȕȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȐ-
ȓȈ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǵȖ, ȉȍȌ-
ȕȧȎȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ
ȓȐȠȤ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȕȍȦ Ȋ șȈ-
ȌȐȒȍ ǹȍȕ-ǮȍȘȔȍȕ-Ȍȍ ǷȘȍ Ǵȣ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ș ȕȍȦ Ȗ ȘȈȌȖșȚȧȝ
ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȐȉȖ Ȑ ȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȓȈ-
ȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȕȍ ȖȚȘȍȒȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȖ, ȧ
ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ

141
ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȐ ș ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȔȐ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ȕȍ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ ǴȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȐȊȖȊȈȘ ș țȓȐȞȣ ǶȕȖȘȍ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȚȍȘȗȍȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌ Ȑȏ ǪȍȘșȈȓȧ Ȑ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȉțȘȎțȈ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȈȔȐ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ «șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ
Ȑ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȖ» ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȣ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȖȊ
ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȒȈ Ȓ ȕȐȔ «ȐȓȐ șȔȍȘȚȤ» ȗțȋȈȍȚ ȔȖȍ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȣ
Ȑ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȣ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȐ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșȚȧȎȐȔȣ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ
ȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȊȌȘțȋ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǭșȚȤ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț DzșȚȈȚȐ, Ȗ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓț dzȧ-
ǼȖȘș Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȈ-
ȘȈȕȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȕȖȎ Ȍȓȧ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȣ ǩȍȌȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ țȎȈșȕȣȑ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ
ȋȖȌȈ.
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȍȕ-
ȚȧȉȘȧ ș ȔȖȍȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ǴȖȓȤȍȘȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǹȍȕ-Ǭȍ-
ȕȐ ǬȊȍȘȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ
șȊ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ Ƕȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ Ǵȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ
ȌȖȔȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǫȘȍȊșȒțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖ ǵȖȊȖȔț ȔȖșȚț
ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǵȈ țȋȓț țȓȐȞȣ ǩțȘȉȖȕ-Ȍȍ-
ȀȈȚȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȒțȟȒȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȖȒ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȚȒȕțȚȖȑ ȦȉȒȍ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍ-
Ȋȧȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȠȔȈȒȈȝ țȗȍȘȠȐșȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȉȍȌȘȈ
șȔȍȘȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ ȉȈșȖȔ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȞ" ǵȍ ș ȕȍȉȈ ȓȐ Ȗȕ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ"
DzȚȖ Ȏȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șțȌȐȚ
șȍȑȟȈș ȊȘȈȋȖȊ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȈ" ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȚȦȘȤȔȈȔ ȇ țȎȍ ȕȖșȐȓȈ țȎȐȕ Ȋ ǨȉȉȈȚșȚȊȖ ȔȖȍȔț
ȉȍȌȕȖȔț ǼȘȈȕșțȈ Ƕȕ ȚȈȒ țșȚȈȓ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȥȚȐȝ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȒȦȘȍ.
ǴȖȧ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓȈșȤ, Ȑ ȧ ȉȖȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȒȐ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȧȚ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
ǷȖ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ǪȖȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ Șțȟȍȑ ȒȖ-

142
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȓȤȒȈȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȓȐȚȈȔ țȓȐȞȣ
ǸțȟȍȍȒ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ țȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ
Ȋ ȈȉȉȈȚșȚȊȍ ǹȍȕ-ǮȍȘȔȍȕ-Ȍȍ ǷȘȍ.
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȈȔ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ dzțȐȏȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȌ
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ
ǵȈȠ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȈȉȉȈȚ Ȍȍ DzȍȘȈȊȍȕȈȕ șȗȈșșȧ Ȋ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ț Țȍ-
ȚțȠȒȐ ǴȈȚȐȓȤȌȣ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ Ƕȕ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȉȍȏ-
ȉȖȎȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȧȋȐ Ȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȚ ȚȘȐȉțȕȈȓȈ ȇ Ȑ
dzțȐȏȈ ȕȈȊȍȡȈȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘȐșȒȈ
ȇ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȍȋȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȊȞȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȈșȚȣȘȧ ȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȣ șȔțȡȈȦȚ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǽȘȐ-
șȚȖȊȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȍ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȟȈȌ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȖ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȎȍȘȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȍȦ dzțȐȏȖȦ ȥȚȖȔț ȘȧȉȖȔț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț șȖ șȓȖȔȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȋțȉȖȦ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ
ǨȉȉȈȚ Ȍȍ DzȍȘȈȊȍȕȈȕ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȌȍȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȔȖȓ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤșȒȐȍ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȦ șȗȈșȚȐ ȕȈȠț ȉȍȌȕțȦ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ ǵȖ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ dzțȐȏț Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȖȟȈ-
ȋț Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȔȐȓȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ?
ȇ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȒȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ Ȕȍ-
ȔțȈȘȖȊ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȐȔȧ ȔȖȍȦ ȏȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ț ǮȍȓȐ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȀȈȘȗȈȕȚȤȍ ǿțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ
ȘțȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȐȠț ȥȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ǮȖȘȎ ǮȈȒ
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ Ȑȏ ǶȘȍȕ-șȦȘ-Ƕȉ
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ ȊȖȦȍȚ ș ȒȖȈȓȐȞȐȍȑ ǹȚȘȈȕȈ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȈ ȕȈȉȖȘȈ-
ȔȐ ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ș ȜȘȖȕȚȈ, ȚȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ, ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ǺȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ǸȖȉȍșȗȤȍȘ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ, ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ ȗȖȋȈ-

143
șȐȚȤ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȍțȝ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȍȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȊ țȕȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȈȓȐȞȐȍȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȖȓȤ «ȖȚ-
ȞȈ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ» ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
Ǫ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ ǻ ȉțȓȖȟȕȣȝ șȚȖȧȚ ȝȊȖșȚȣ
ǴȈȒșȐȔțȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȕȐȟțȚȤ Ȑ șȗȍȒțȓȧȕȚȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȏȧȚ Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ ș ȆȋȈ ȔțȒț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȟȍȍ ȗȖ țȎȈșȕȖȑ Ȟȍȕȍ
ǩȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȓȈ șȈȕȒȦȓȖȚȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ
ȒȖȔȔțȕȈ Ȉ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȉȘȈȚț ȚȘțȎȍȕȐȒȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȦȚ
șȍȉȍ ȝȓȍȉ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȎȐȊȍȚșȧ ȝțȎȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǶȚȍȞ ȔȖȑ
ȘȈȏȖȘȐȓșȧ Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ǵȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖșȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈȠȈ șȍȒȞȐȧ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈ-
ȕȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȌȖșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȒȈȜȍ Ȑ ȚȍȈȚȘȣ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
Țȣ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȟȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȑ ȥȚȖ Țȍ
șȈȔȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȕȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȘȐȘȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȈȓȖȕ ȇ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȔ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȕȍ
Ȋ ȗȖȟȍȚȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǼȘȈȋȖȕȈȘȈ ǩțȠȍ Ȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȚ-
ȚȖ DzȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȊȍȍȚ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ șțȝȐȝ
ȓȐȕȐȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȕȈȠȐ
ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȞȣ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍ ǩȘțȚȖȊ ǫȘȈȒȝȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȚȈȔ
ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ǬȈȊȐȌ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȝț-
ȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓșȚȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țȗȘȍȒȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȑ ȔȖȦ dzțȐȏț ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȗȚȐȞ ȚȘȈȊț Ȑ
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕȍ ȉȦșȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ǫ ȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȝ ȍȍ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ǷȖȌ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȕț-
ȔȍȘȖȔ ȒȈȚȈȓȖȋȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ «ǩȦșȚ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȐ
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȊȣȘȣȚȖȑ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ-
ȕȐȧ; ȔȈșȒȈ ȥȚȈ șȕȧȚȈ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȋȓțȝȖȕȍȔȣȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈ-
ȕȐȕȖȔ ǬȍȏȍȕȕȖȔª.
ǺȈȒ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓțȝȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȏȉȖȎȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ

144
ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȣȌȐȓșȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȝ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ǫȈȉȘȐȥȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ
ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǹȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊ Ȕȣ
ȍȡȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȊȖȦ ǫȈȉȘȐȥȓȤ Ǩ
ȍȋȖ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȐȐ" Ǩ ȔȈȌȈȔ Ȍȍ ǩȦȜȜȖȕ" DzȖȔț ȥȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖ" Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ, ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ șȖ Ȍȕȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǫȈȉ-
ȘȐȥȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌțȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȘȈȒ ș ȔȖȍȦ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȦ dzțȐ-
ȏȖȦǶȕ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ǫȈȉȘȐȥȓȤ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
dzțȐȏȍ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ? ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
Ȍȍȓȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȒȖȦ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȍȍ ȔțȎ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ dzțȐȏȈ
șȊȖȐȔ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȔ șȔȐȘȍȕȐȍȔ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚ ȉțȑȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȉȖȎȕȐȒȈ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȈȉȉȈȚ Ȍȍ DzȍȘȈȊȍȕȈȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȖȏȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ
ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȖȊȍȟȒț Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȒȘȖȚȐȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȊȐȘȍȗȖȋȖ
ȓȤȊȈ ǹ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍ ȔȐȘȐȚșȧ ȔȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȗȈșȚȣȘȦ ȐȉȖ, ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȔ ȓȖȕȖ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȖȘȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȕȈ ȕȈȒȖȊȈȓȤȕȧȝ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȚȈ ǷȖȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȚȧȎȒȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȘȈȏțȔȍȦ ȕȈȠȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
ǹȊȍȘȠȐȓȖșȤ Ǫșȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ. ȇ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǬȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȐȕț-
Țȣ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǷȖ ȔȖȍȔț
ȕȈșȚȖȧȕȐȦ dzțȐȏȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȔț țșȓȖȊȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȖȍ
ȒȈȒ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȌțȔȞȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȌȖ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓ șȊȧȚȖȍ ǷȘȐȟȈșȚȐȍ ț ȕȍȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ țșȓȖȊȐȍ dzțȐȏȈ țȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȈ
ȈȉȉȈȚȈ Ȍȍ DzȍȘȈȊȍȕȈȕȈ.
ȇ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ ț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȈȉȉȈȚȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț

145
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ǮȍȘȊȍȏȈ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȈ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȕȈ
ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȓȖȝȔȈȚțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ
ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȈȉȉȈȚț șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȊ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠțȦ șȓțȎȈȕ-
Ȓț. ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȐ ȈȉȉȈȚ ȊșȚȈȓ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȥȚȖȚ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȒȘȖȊȈ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȚȘȐȉțȕȈȓȈ — ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șțȌț ȍȋȖ,
ȖȚȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȘȐșȧȋȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ
ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȓȖȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȉțȑȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȍȘȍȌ ǸȈșȗȧ-
ȚȐȍȔ ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȚ
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ
ȈȉȉȈȚȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȣ
ǵȖ ȧ" ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǪȍȌȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȍ
ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȘȖȗȖȚ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ
ǹȊȧȚȈȧ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȊȏȣșȒțȦȡȈȧ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȓȐ șțȘȖȊȈ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȓȐȟȕȖȔț ȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȚȘȍȗȍȚ-
ȕȖȔț ȟțȊșȚȊț"
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȌȍȕȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ dzțȐȏȈ
ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ǴȈȚțȠȒȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȖȔȈ ȇ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ dzțȐȏȖȑ ȧ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȚțȜȓȐ
ȖȉȓȐȊȈȧșȤ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȋȓȈȌȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȟȒȖȑ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȗȘȖ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȧ
ȠțȚȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȉȖ
ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȔțȚȐȚȤ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ șȊȖȍȦ ȗȘȍȓȍ-
șȚȤȦ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ǰ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑȕȣȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ ȓȦȉȊȐ — Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ
țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ Ȉ ȌȖȔȈ ț șȍȔȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȈȋȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊț ȖșȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ
ǷȖșȓȍ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȖȕȐ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȘșȐ-șȦȘ-Ƕȉ, ȋȌȍ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȔȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȈ șȈȕȒȦȓȖȚȖȊ
ȍșȚȤ, ȒșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖțșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȉȍȏȌȖȝȖȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǴȐȘȈȉȖ"
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȏȓȖșȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȝțȌȖ ǵȈȌȖ șȔȐ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȖȓȍȦ ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ Ǩȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘțȎȐȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȈ ǵȈȌȖ ȓȍȟȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȉ ȚȖ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȌțȘȕȖ

146
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȋȖȓ DzȈȒȖȑ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ
ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȗȓȖȌȣ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȍȔț ȧ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍ-
ȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șțȍȚȕȖșȚȐ ȊșȧȒȐȝ
ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ ǸȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ ȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȐ
ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȕȐȋȌȍ Ȑ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ƕ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȍ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȐȉȖ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖ ǽȘȐșȚȍ Ƕ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ" DzȈ-
ȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȐ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȐșȒțȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖȔț-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȝ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ?
Ǩ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ" ǶȕȈ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȕȈ ǪȖ ȐȔȧ ȟȍȋȖ" ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
ȚȖȚ ȒȖȔț ȧ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȍȍ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ
ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȗțȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȘȈȒȈ ș dzțȐȏȖȦ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ
ǩȖȋ ȔȖȑ
ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȐȉ dzțȐȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ ǵȖ ȧ"
ǴȖȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȡȍ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȚȘȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȣ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȈ
ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȘȔȐȕȈ-
ȓȧ ǶȚ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ ȌȖ ȥȠȈȜȖȚȈ ȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȖȉȖȘ-
ȊȈȕȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȓȍȎȒȖȑ țȓȦȓȦȒȈȧ
Ȑ ȘțȋȈȧșȤ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȏȕȤ ǬȍȔțȓȍȕȈ ǩȍȌȕȧ-
ȋȈ-ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȘȣȌȈȓ Ȑ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ  ȐȦȓȧ Ȑ șȊȖȦ șțȍȚȕțȦ, ȖȗȖȏȖȘȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȘȍȝȞȊȍȚȕțȦ ȒȖȒȈȘȌț. ǿțȌȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒț Ȉ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȋ
ȐȕȖȔ ǵȖ ȊȘȈȋ ȔȖȑ țȒȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȘȌ Ȑ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȍȕ — ȕȈȌȖ ȍȔț ȖȚȌȈȚȤ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȇ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȊșȍ Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȕȈ ȓȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȍȕ, ȒȈȒ șȒȈȓȈ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔț
— ǬȈ șȐȌȐ Ȏȍ Țȣ șȔȐȘȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖȋȖ ǬȍȔțȓȍȕț
Ȑ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ. — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈș
ȓȐȠȤ ȔȍȘȏȒȈȧ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ"

ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȠȈȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖȟțȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȋțȌȍȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈș ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ
ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȎ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȣ
ǶȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȒȈ ȧȉȓȖȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ
ȋȖȘȓȖ
— ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȉȍșȚȐȧ — ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ș ȚȍȓȍȎȒȐ șȖȠȍȓ ǫȍȘȖ Ȍȍ ǹȍȠȍȓȤ ǶȕȐ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȖȉȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ǬȈȕȚȖȕȖȔ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț
ǴȖȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȥȠȈȜȖȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȇ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȏȈ-
ȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ǷȖȟȍȔț"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȍ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ! ȇ ȕȍ țȊȐȎț Țȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȔȖȑ
ȊȘȈȋ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ
ȅȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ƕ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȖ-
ȍȋȖ șȓțȝȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȗȈȓȈȟț «ǷȖȒȈȎȐ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȘȖȌț — ȖȕȈ șȚȖȐȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ».
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȈȒ ǵȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȖ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ
ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
dzțȐȏȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒ ȐȡȍȚ
ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȏȕȈȓ ȈȉȉȈȚȈ Ȍȍ Dzȍ-
ȘȈȊȍȕȈȕȈ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȐȧȓȐ Ƕ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ! Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ
ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȥȠȈȜȖȚȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȧ ȍȔț ȋȘȍȝȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȖȟȤ Ȉ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȞȐȧ țȉȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǮȖȘ-
ȎȈ ǮȈȒȈ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ ǫȖșȗȖȌț ȕȈȠȍȔț ǰȐșțșț
ǽȘȐșȚț Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȖȍ: ȈȉȉȈȚ dzțȐȏȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍȊȍȌȖ-
Ȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋ

148
ǸǶǻǴǮǹ
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ dz Ǵ dzȍȉȍȌȍȊȖȑ
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȎ ȒȈȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șțȌȐȧ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ
ǷțȠȒȐȕ
ǪȖȐșȚȐȕț ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȟțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ Ǵȣ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȖ ǫȈȓȍȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȤ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ
ȒȖșȐȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȇ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȟȈȧȓ țȕȍșȚȐ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȈȒ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȦ Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȔț șȍ-
ȘȍȕȤȒȖȔț ȌȖȔț ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ DzȓȍȖȗȈȚȘȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȚȍȚț-
ȠȒȈ ǷȖȘȈȊȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖȔ ȧ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȌȍȘȋȈȚȤ
ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȏȊȖȕȒȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȘȈș-
ȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ șȏȈȌȐ
șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȊ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ
— ǩȈȘȐȕ ǫȖȓțȉȟȐȒ DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȊȈș ȋȖșȗȖȌȤ șȗȈș — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓȈ ǷȈȠȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ șȉȐȊ ȍȍ ș
ȕȖȋǺȍȚțȠȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ Ȓ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȍȒ
ǼȐȌȍȓȤȒȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȓȈȍȔ
ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȔȖȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓȈ ș ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȕȖ ȔȖȑ
ȊȐȌ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȣȑ țȎȈș ǶȕȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ
Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ Ǵȣ ș ǷȈȠȍȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǷȈȠȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ șȊȍȟȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ș ȚȍȚțȠȒȖȦ șȍȓȐ ȏȈ țȎȐȕ ǻȎȈșȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ǹȍȕȈȚ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȘȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȣȔ
— Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȊȈȚȐ-
ȓȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ DzȓȍȖȗȈȚȘȍ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȍ
ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ Ȑ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ
ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȎȐȕȈ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ

149
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȈ Ȑ ȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȎȍȊȈȓ ȊȈȜȓȐ ș ȊȈȘȍ-
ȕȤȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȟȍȊȈȓȈ ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȘȍȡȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓȕȧȏȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ Ȓ ǫȍȘȔȈ-
ȕț ȇ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȉȍȌȍ
ǷȘȖșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȚȍȚțȠȒȖȦ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ǫȈȓȍȘȕțȦ ǵȍ țș-
ȗȍȓ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȗȐȒȍȚ
ȗȈȊȓȖȊȞȍȊ ȇ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȖȔț șȚȖȓȉț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȍȚ ȕȍ
ȗȈȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ țșȗȍȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȝȔȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ șȗȐȘȚȈ
— Ǫȣ șțȌȈȘȤ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȚȍ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǶȚ ȚȍȚțȠȒȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȍț-
ȘȈȟȒȖȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" DzȈȒȈȧ ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ" ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȏȌȖȘ
— ǪȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȌȖȘ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ǶȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȈȜȓȧȔȐ
ș ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍȔ țȋȖȡȈȓȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȓȍȑȉ-ȋȘȍȕȈȌȍȘ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȈ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖșȒȖȊȞȈ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Șț-
ȒȖȦ ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ șțȔȘȈȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȌȖ ǰșȈȈȒȐȍȊșȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȏȘȍ-
ȓȐȡȍ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ǺȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȖșȚ-
Șȣ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȘȍȓȐșȤ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ǫ ȌȣȔț ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȐ
ȎȍȘȓȈ ȗțȠȍȒ ǷȘȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧȝ ȒțȘȐȓȐșȤ ȜȐȚȐȓȐ DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ țȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȏȈșȣȗȈȧ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȓțȎȐ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȐ ǰȕȣȍ ȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȚȘțȗȣ Ȑ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȌȘȖȊȕȐ dzȖ-
ȠȈȌȐ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȝȘȈȗȍȓȐ Ȑ ȜȣȘȒȈȓȐ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȧ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ȕȈ ǴȖȘșȒțȦ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ Ƕȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȘȈȚșȒȐȔȐ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȔȐ ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ǸȈș-
ȚȘȖȋȈȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȊ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȔȖȍ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȊȍȌȤ Țȍȉȧ ȈȘȍșȚțȦȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ǪȍȌȤ
Țȣ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȉȣȊȈȓ ț ǹȐȕȍȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ Ǻȣ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔ
— ǬȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ

150
— ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȊȍȌȤ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȌȖ șȗȈșȚȐ
— ǬȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧ Țȍȉȧ șȗȈșț ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȚȖȎȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȕȈ-
ȝȔțȘȐȊ ȉȘȖȊȐ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȗȓȈȕ ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ țȚȘȖȔ țȍȏȎȈȍȚ Ȋ ȌȐ-
ȓȐȎȈȕșȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȉȘȈȚț țȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȇ ȥȚȖȔț țȟȐȚȍȓȦ
ȌȈȔ ȖȚșȚțȗȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȗȖȍȌȍȠȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ Țȣ ȇ ȕȈȗȐȠț ȉȘȈ-
Țț Ȑ Ȗȕ Țȍȉȧ șȗȘȧȟȍȚ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȌȖ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ
ȔȐȓȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȍȌȊȍȎȐȑ țȋȖȓ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖș-
ȚȈȕȍȚ Ǩ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȑ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȧ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȦ Țȍȉȧ
ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ǵȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȇ ȥȚȖ țșȚ-
ȘȖȦ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȉȕȧȓ
Ǫșȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ǴȖș-
ȒȊț ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ Ȑ ȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ȉȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȖ șȓȈȊȈ ȉȖȋț ȔȖȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ
ȗȖ ȌȐȓȐȎȈȕșț ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȍȘȐȦ Ǫ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȧ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț ȉțȌțȡȍȔț ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȦ ș ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ
ȌȍȕȤ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ǺȈȔ ȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ
ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȐȠȈȑȠȐȑ țȋȖ-
ȓȖȒ Ȋ șȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȔȈȧ Dz ȥȚȖȔț șȘȖȒț ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ Ȑ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ DzȈȘȓȖȔ ȀȔȐȌȚȖȔ
ȟȍȑ ȌȊțȝȔȈȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ «ǬȐȈȕȈ» ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ DzȘȖȕȠȚȈȌȚȈ Ȋ ǺȘȈȊȍȔȦȕȌȍ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ țȊȍ-
Șȧȓ șȈȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ Dz ȕȍȔȈȓȖȔț ȋȖȘȦ ȔȖȍȔț ȧ ȓȐ-
Ƞȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȌȖȉȘȣȔȐ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȘȖȌȐ-
ȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȔȐȓȖȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ǴȈȠȍȑ
ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȧ ȕȈ ǩȍȘșȚȖȊșȒȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
șȚȈȕȐ ȋȌȍ Ȑ șȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȚȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ DzȘȖȕȠȚȈȌȚ ǵȈ ȔȖȦ ȉȍȌț, ȒȈȚȍȘ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ
ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ǵȍȚ ȖȝȖȚȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓț-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȊ Ȋ DzȘȖȕȠȚȈȌȚȍ Ȓ Dzțȗȍȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ Ȕȣ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ «ǫȌȍ ȚțȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ DzȈȘȓ
ȀȔȐȌȚ" ǫȌȍ ȚțȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ “ǬȐȈȕȈ”?» ǹ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȝ șȚȍȕ ȗȘȐ-
șȚȈȕȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊȖȗȓȧȔ

151
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȔȈȚȘȖș Ȑȏ dzȦȉȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ
ȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȀȔȐȌȚ ȗȘȖȎȌȈȊ ȕȈș ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ
ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȗțȚȕȣȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ șȕȧȓșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ ȌȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒȖȊ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȌȖșȈȌț Ȑ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒțȦ ȚȈȊȍȘ-
ȕț șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȘȚȍȘț Ȑ șȍȓ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ Ȑ ȔȖȘȋ ǯȈ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑȝ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ-ȔȈȚȘȖș țȊȍȘȧȓ
șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉțȚȣȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȟȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
șȚȐȝȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȐ ȖȚȖȑȌțȚ ȏȈ ȘȍȑȌ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ-
ȌȊȈ țȏȓȈ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȈșȤ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ «ǬȐȈȕȣ» șȚȈȊ ȗȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȏȈ
ȔȕȖȦ ȒȈȚȍȘ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȧ țȎȍ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȈȓțȉț ǵȈȠ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȍ Ȋȕț-
ȠȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ǹȕȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ șȒȘȐ-
ȗȍȓȐ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȅȒȐȗȈȎ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȘțȓȍȊȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȚȘȍȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ Ȑ ȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȑȒȐ
ǴȖȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȦ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒțȗȞȈȔȐ-
ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȑȒȐ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȗȐȡȐ Ȋ
ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ǵȣ ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ș
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȊ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚț ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȤ-
ȒȖȑȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȕȖ-
șȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ șȖ șȚȐȝȐȍȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȖ-
ȠȓȐ ș ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǺȘȈȊȍȔȦȕȌȍ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈ-
ȕț ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȗȖ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ,
ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȣȓ dzȈ-ǴȈȕȠ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ǺțȘȋȍȕȍȊȈ ȒȖȍȔț Ȑ ȊȘțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ ȖȚ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȌțȠȐȦ șȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȊȍ-
ȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȓȖȎȍ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȡȐ-
ȚȖȦ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍșȗȖȚșȚȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȧ ȚȖșȒțȦ ȗȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȧ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȕȍȐșȒțșȍȕ Ȋ șȓȖ-
ȋȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȣȍ ȔȍȔȖȘȐȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ — ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ

152
I
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌȖȊ Ǫ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȠȚȈȉ-ȓȍȒȈȘȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ș ȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȍȑ
ȊșȦ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȕȖ-
ȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȎȐȓȍȚȣ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ
ȕȖȊȍȑȠȐȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǼȍȘȕȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌȖȊ Ȋ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌ dzȍȑȗȞȐȋȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȒȖȕȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȐȑ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȐȟ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊ ǹȈȕȐȚȈȘȣ
ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ Ȓ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȍ Ȋ
ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȈ șȗȈș ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȖȚ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȓ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȔ ȕȈ șȍȑ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȊȐȓ ȖșȖȉȓȐȊțȦ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ǷȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓșȧ ȍȔț
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȑ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȔȓȈ-
ȌȍȕȞȍȔ ǵȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ǰȚȈȒ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ǹȈȕȒȚ-ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ǰȏȔȈȑȓȖȊșȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȒț Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȕȖ ȔȐȘȕȖ Ȑ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ǴȈȚțȠȒȈ ȔȖȧ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȧ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ ȒȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȕȘȈȊȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ș ȔțȎȍȔ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈȧ ǶȕȈ ȘȍȠȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȊȣȗȐȊ ȗțȕȠț ȊȌȘțȋ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȊȖȓȤȕȖ-
ȌțȔșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ
șȗȖȘȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚȞȈ Ȉ șȍșȚȘȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȈȚțȠȒȍ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȝ
Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȔȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȘȖȉȍȧ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȌ șȚȈȘȠȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȌȖȉȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȖȓȉȖȊȣȍ
ȌȊȖȘȧȕȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȌȣ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȔȍ-
șȚȤȧ DzȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȝ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ
ǭȓȐșȈȊȍȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ț ȕȈș ȗȖ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȕȈȑȔț ǹȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȦ
ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔșȚȊ Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȔ ȒȘțȋȍ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȕȈ ȉȍȌț
ȕȈȠț ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ș ȔȈȚțȠȒȖȑ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ț ȋȘȈȜȈ ǴȐȓȖ-
ȘȈȌȖȊȐȟȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȔȈȚțȠȒȍ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȌȧȌȍȑ
ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈș ȌȍȚȍȑ ȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȍȓȒț Ȋ șȖȟȍȓȤ-

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ȕȐȒ ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȑ  ȋȖȌ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȐ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȥȚț ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ ȍȓȒț ȖȌȍȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ǫȈȘțȕ-ȈȓȤ-ǸȈȠȐȌȖȔ Ȉ șȍșȚȘȐȞț
ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț ǯȍȚȦȓȤȉȖȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ǩȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ șȞȍȕȍ ǰșȚȖȔȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȈȓȍȚȍ «DzȈȓȐȜ ǩȈȋȌȈȌșȒȐȑ» ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕȈ ǬȐȌȓȖ
DzȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȔȕȦ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖșȚȒȖȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ șȔțȡȍ-
ȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȋȈȚȣȔ ȚțȈȓȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȝțȌȖ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȚȧ-
ȡȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȌȐȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ǵȖ ȉȈȚȦȠ-
ȒȈ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ȘȈȏȋțȓȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȈȔ ǷȖȑȔȈȊ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ Ȗȕ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ șȔȍȧșȤ
— Ǩ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȓȐ Țȣ ȋȘȈȜ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȕȞțȍȚ ȔȖȧ ȉȍșȗȘȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȐȞȈ" ǶȕȈ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș ȏȈȚȒȕȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞ ȇ ȊȖȏȐȓ
ȔȖȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ Ȋ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȈȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǯȍȚȦȓȤȉț ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ ǰșȚȖȔȐȕȖȑ
— ǰȠȤ, ȘȈșȝȊȈșȚȈȓșȧ ȓȍȒȈȘȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȐȓȖȘȈȌȖȊȐȟ
șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȧ ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȕȈ ǸțșȐ ȏȕȈȚȖȒȖȔ ȉȈȓȍȚȈ — ǵț
ȟȚȖ Ȏ ǷȖȒȈȎȐ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȒț
— ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȊȈȠȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ǷȖȑȌȐ
șȦȌȈ
Dz ȔȖȍȔț țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ
Ȓ ȋȘȈȜț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȍȓȈ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȘȖșȓȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ
— DzȕȧȏȤ DzȕȧȏȤ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǴȐȓȖȘȈȌȖȊȐȟ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔț
ȉȈȓȍȚȖȔȈȕț ǫȈȋȈȘȐȕț
— Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȕȈȐȏțșȚȤ ȔțȏȣȒț «DzȈȓȐȜȈ» ǹȣȋȘȈȑ-
ȒȈ ȉȘȈȚ ȚȈȕȍȞ ǯȍȚȦȓȤȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ǫȈȘțȕȖȔ ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ"
— Ǩ ȏȈȟȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ
— ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ț ȕȈș ȕȖȊȈȧ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȈ — ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ
ǫȘțȏȌȍȊȈ
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ
Ȓ ȒȓȈȊȍșȐȕț
ȇ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȊȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚțȠ-
ȒȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ
ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍ ȖșȘȈȔȐȓȈșȤ
ǷȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȍ ȒȈȒ
ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȒȖȏȖȟȒȈ ǭȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȟ ȘțȟȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȐ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȐ ȇ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȔȖȍȑ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ
ǶȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ «ǬȈ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ"

154
— ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǵȍ șȈȔȈ ȓȐ ǯȍȚȦȓȤȉȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȗȖȓȤ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȊ șȊȖȦ șȒȈȏȖȟȕțȦ șȚȘȈȕț"» ȇ ȗȖȒȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȜȈ
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȓȍȕȐȓșȧ
ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȖȑ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ" — ȔȖȓȊȐȓ
ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȋȘȈȜ
— ǵȈȌȖ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ Ȓ șȞȍȕȍ
ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǵȍȚ ȊȈȠȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ țȎ ȓȐȠȕȍȍ DzȈȒȈȧ țȎ ȚțȚ
șȞȍȕȈ ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȗȖ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
țȟȐȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȋȘȈȜ ȉȣȓ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍ-
Ȕț ȌȖȔț ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘȈȜ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȊ ȊșȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț șȊȖȐȔ ȟȘȍȊȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȑ
ȉȘȧȞȈȕȐȍȔ ȠȗȖȘ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȚȤ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ǴȈȚțȠȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ǵȖ ȋȘȈȜ ǴȐȓȖȘȈȌȖȊȐȟ
ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȍȚȘȍȏȊȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ «DzȚȖ
șȔȍȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȤ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ Țȣșȧȟ
ȠȚȣȒȖȊ» Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȋȘȈȜ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȈȓșȧ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȐȔ
ȋȈȘȕȐȏȖȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓ — ȌȖ ȗȖȘȣ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ
II
ǹțȌȤȉȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ ǷȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȧȔ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓșȧ ș ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȋ ǰȏȔȈȑȓȖȊșȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȒț ǴȈ-
ȠȍȕȤȒț ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȑȏ țȟȐȓȐȡȈ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȘȣȎȍȑ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ
ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȓȧȟȈȔȐ Ȉ ȧ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȓ Ȑȏ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȈ ȔȖșȤȍ Ȍȍ
ǫȘȈșșȍȕȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȐ ȘȍȠȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȒțȌȘȐ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ ȕȈ ȍȍ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ, ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕțȦ
țȓȣȉȒț ȇ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȍșȚȘț Ǩ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȊȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȊȏȧȊ ș Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉțȌț ȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȗȖȊȍșȣ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕ-

155
ȕȐȞȈȔȐ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȟȐȓȐȡȈ ǭȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȒȖȕȜȍȚȣ ȖȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȓȈ Ȑȏ țȟȐȓȐȡȈ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȍ ȖȉȖ-
ȎȈȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ — ȒȚȖ Ȋ șȈȕȒȈȝ Ȉ ȒȚȖ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ț ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȑ ȒțȟȍȘ ȌȘȍȔȈȓ ȕȈ
ȒȖȏȓȈȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ Ȧȕȣȑ ȋȘȈȜ ȏȈȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȍ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȌ șȐȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖ
ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖ Ǩ
ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȈ ȏȈȋȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔțȡȈȓȖ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȉȓȐșȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȈ ȒțȘș ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȟȐȓȐȡȈ ȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖ-
șȤȍ Ȍȍ ǫȘȈșșȍȕȈ ȕȈțȟȐȊȠȐșȤ ȚȈȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȖȔ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȌȐȈȓȍȒȚȈȝ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȐȏȘȧȌȕȖ ǵȈȌȖȉȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȦ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ «ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖ-ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ DzȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ» ȒȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ț ǹȐȕȍȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐ ȊȍșȚȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȦ ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȍ ȏȈ ȒȖȕ-
ȚȖȘȒȖȦ Ȑ ȖȟȐȕȐȊ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȗȍȘȖ ȗȐșȈȓ ȒȈȓȓȐȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȕȖȦ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȒțȒȈ Ȑ ȧ șȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ șțȌȤȉț
«ǷȘȐșȚȖȑȕȖ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȐȕț — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȒȖȘȗȍȚȤ
ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈȔȐ" ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ — ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ǩțȌȤ
ț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȌțȠ — Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȌȍȚȤ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȑ
ȔțȕȌȐȘ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ».
ǴȖȐ șȖșȓțȎȐȊȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ —
ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȕȖȟȐȕȞȍȊ ǰȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȋ «ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖ-ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒțȦ DzȖȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȦ» ȋȌȍ ȗȓȈȚȐȓȐ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȤȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣȒȓȧȕȟȐȊȈȚȤ ț ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȊȏȧȚȒȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȊ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȜȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȧ șȚȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȓȖȟȒȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ȝȖȘȍȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ

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ǫȌȍ Țȣ ȌȐȊȕȈȧ ȜȖȘȚțȕȈ"
ȇ ȓȐ ȗȈșȣȕȖȒ Țȍȉȍ!
ǫȘȣȏȧ ȗȍȘȖ ȧ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȘȐȜȔț Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȓȈȌȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȖ «ȗȍȘțȕ» Ȋ
ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȈȌȍȎȍ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ
ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȐ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȐȟ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ
ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȏȈȓȐȓ ȔȖȐ ȡȍȒȐ
«ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȜȖȘȚțȕȈ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǵȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ
Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖȓȍȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ șȓțȎȉț ȖȋȖȘȟȐȊ ȉȈȚȦȠȒț».
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȋȕȍȊȈ
— Ǩ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ — ȗȖȥȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȧșȤ — ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȐ șȚȐ-
ȝȐ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȜȖȘȚțȕȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ șțȌȤȉȖȦ Ȉ ș ȚȐȘȈȕșȚȊȈȔȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȌȖȉ-
ȕȖ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȌțȝȖȔ
ȅȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
Ǫ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚț-
ȗȐȓ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȌȖȔȈ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȐȟȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȖ-
șȚȐȕțȦ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ șȗȖȘȐȊȠȐȝ
— Ǻȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȠȤ șȓȈȊȖȦ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
Ȋșȍȝ ȉȍȘȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȘȖȓȤ ǩȘțȚȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ șȟȈ-
șȚȐȍ șȖȖȚȟȐȟȍȑ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ șȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȈȓȍ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ
— ǹȈȔȖȊȓȈșȚȐȍ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȕȖșȕȖ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ȔȖȐ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȇ ȕȍ ǩȘțȚ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȔ Ǻȣ
ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț Ȑ ȖȌȍȓșȧ ȗȖ-ȞȐȊȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȧȏȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— Ǫ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȐ șȓțȎȉȣ Țȣ ȗȘȈȊ ȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑ ȉȘȈȚ
ǺțȚ ȧ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȠȓȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȘȐȚȐȝȓȐ ǹȗȖȘȡȐȒȐ
șȚȈȓȐ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȍȔ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȉȘȖșȐȊ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ dzȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ

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Ȕȍȕȧ ș șȊȖȍȦ ȔȐȓȖȦ ȎȍȕȖȦ ǵȈȚȈȓȤȍȑ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȖȉȖȠȓȈșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ǪȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖȟȒȈ
șțȗȘțȋȖȊ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝȓȍȚȕȧȧ șȔțȋȓȧȕȒȈ ǵȈșȚȍȕȤȒȈ ǵȈȌȖ ȓȐ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȌȖȉȘțȦ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȗ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȍ ș ȒȖȐȔȐ
ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȒȘțȋ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȍȕ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȓȐȞ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ
Ȑȏ țșȚ șȈȔȐȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑȝ șȓȈȌȒȖȏȊțȟȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ
ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȚȐȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ȌȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȒȕȐȋȐ — ǴȖȕȚȍșȒȤȍ ǩȍȒȒȈȘȐȈ ǬȍȓȖȓȤ-
ȔȈ ǬȍȚȦ Ȍȍ ǺȘȈșȐ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȊȕțȠȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȖȉțȦ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȑ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȠțȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ț ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȠȓȐ ș ǫȍȘȔȈȕȖȔ ȊȌȖȓȤ ǴȖȑȒȐ ǩȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ dzțȕȈ, ȍȌȊȈ țȡȍȘȉ-
ȕȈȧ, șȚȓȈȓȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȈȝ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȕȈ ȔȖ-
șȚȖȊȖȑ
— ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ
ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ șțșȚȈȊȖȊ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ
— ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ șȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ ȇ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ-
ȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȊȈȔ șȈȔȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȐȕ ǵȈȌȖȉȕȖ ȉȘȈȚșȒȖȍ ȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȉȣ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȏȓȣȍ ȒȖȏȕȐ șȚȈȘȖȊȍȘȖȊ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȖȊ ǵȈȌȖȉȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȧȚȤ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȞȐȘȒțȓȍȔ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ ȗȖ țȋȓț
șȖȊȍșȚȐ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ «ȞȐȘȒțȓȤ ȘȈȏțȔȈ» Ȑ «țȋȖȓ șȖȊȍ-
șȚȐ», ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣ ȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȓȐȧ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǩ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓț-
ȠȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
— ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȌȘȈȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȔȈȓȖȊȈȎȕȈ
ȕȖ șȍȘȌȞț ȕȈȠȍȔț ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȐȐ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ǵȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ șȐȍ șȟȈșȚȐȍ"

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ǵȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȖ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȍ" ǺȖ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȉ-
ȡȐȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓț ǪȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȋȖ ǨȘȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȐȧ ǵȖ ȗȓȈȕ
ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȔȖȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȉȘȈȚȖȓȦȉȐȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȕȈȔ
ȒȓȦȟȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ
Ǵȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ǶȉȓȈȒȖ ȕȈȉȍȎȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȓțȕț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
ȋȘțȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ șțȔȘȈȒ
— ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕ
— Ƕ ȌȈ ǽȖȟț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȏȈȍȝȈȓ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ Ƕȕ ȏȈȊȧ-
ȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ DzȈȘȍȚȈ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ Ȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȖȔ Ǵȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐ-
ȠȐȕȈ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȕȧȚȤ ș ȋȓȈȏ ȔȖȦ ȗȖȊȧȏȒț ȇ ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
șȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ șȌȍȘȕțȓ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȖȒ ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ
ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȉȍȘȞȖȊȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ ǰȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
șȐȕȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȝȓȖ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ
ȗȍșȖȟȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǶȋȓȧȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ țȋȓț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȋȘȖȉ
Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ
ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȓȖ ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȋȘȖȉț ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ
Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȍ ȚȘțȗ Ȉ
ȒțȒȓȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȕȖȦ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ"
Ǫșȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȚȘȐ șȓȈȉȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȓ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒț ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȠȍȕȕȖȔț Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț ȍȌȊȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȚȍȔȕȐȞț ȇ ȖȉȖ-
Ƞȍȓ șȚȍȕȣ ȐȡȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȕȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȐșȒțșȕȖ șȒȘȣȚȈ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ Ȑ ȘțȒȖȊȖ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȤ ǴȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ șȚȖȧȓ ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȝȘȈȔȐȕȍ ȕȍ-
ȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈșȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȖ
ǹȖȊȍșȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȟȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȉȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȜȈȕț ȚȈȒ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȋȘȖȉȈ

159
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȖȚȈȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ
șȐȕȍȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ
ǪȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐșȤ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ
ǶșȚȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ț ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ ǩȈȘȖȕ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ șȍȑ ȝȘȈȔȐȕȍ ȚȖȒȔȖ șȊȍȚ ȚȘȐșȐȧȕȕȣȑ Ȉ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȟȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȘȈȒ Ǫȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖțȟȍȕȐȍ ǶȚ ȊȈș ȕȣȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȍ șȍȔȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȍȑ — ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊț ȡȍȌȘȖȚȖ-
ȓȦȉȐȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ șȐȋȈȘȖȦ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȌțȝȈȔȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȕȐȔȐȚȍ ȗȘȖȜȈȕ ȊȈȠ șȈȗȖȋ ș ȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȖȋȐ
ȇ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓșȧ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ, — ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕȐȚȍ ȊȈȠ ȎȐȓȍȚ
ǩȈȘȖȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȓȈȡȈ ȠȗȈȋț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ Ȓ
ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ șȒȖȕȜțȎȍȕȕȖ — ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ
ȏȈȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȕȐȍ
ǴțȎȈȑȚȍșȤ ȉȘȈȚȐȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣ
ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ șȣȕȣ
III
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ǭȑ ȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȉȈȓȍȚȍ «ǯȍȜȐȘ Ȑ ǼȓȖȘȈ» ǹțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ,
ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȈȧ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ǪȍȌȤ
ȍȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȈȓȈ șȈȔȈ ǨȊ-
ȌȖȚȤȧ ǰȓȤȐȕȐȟȕȈ ǰșȚȖȔȐȕȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȐ ȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȘ ǴȖȌȦȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ șȋȖȘȍȓ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ Ǵȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ

160
ȚȖȋȌȈȠȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ǬȖȔȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈșȚȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȘȦȔȖ ǶȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȐșȤ țȗȘȈȎ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȓȈȌȣ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȖ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȊ
ȧ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȔțȟȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȜțȥȚȍ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȊ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ.
ǵȈșȚȈȓ ȌȍȕȤ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȧ ȇ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ Ǫ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȔ ǹȊȍȟȐ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȣ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘȣ
— ȗȖȔȕȐȚșȧ — șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖșȚț Dz ȥȚȖȔț ȊȍȟȍȘț șȠȐȓ
ȧ șȍȉȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȐȕȐȑ ȜȘȈȒ ȔȖȌȕȣȑ ȎȐȓȍȚ Ȑ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ țȌȖșțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȊȧȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȈȓș-
ȚțȒ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȟȒȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȚțȈȓȍȚ ȔȖȑ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȍșȕȧȓ
ȏȓȖȌȍȑ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ șțȏȐȓ ȜȘȈȒ ȉȍȏȉȖȎȕȖ Ȉ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȐȉȖ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȖȉȕȖȊȒț ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȌȖ
șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȧ
ȇ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș «DzȈȒȖȊȈ —
ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȉțȌȍȚ șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȞȍȕȍ?» ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȔȖȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȝȘțȗȒțȦ Ȑ ȕȍȎ-
ȕțȦ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț
Ǫ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȈșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȗȈȘȚȍȘ
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓșȧ ȜȘȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȇ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ
ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȘȧȌȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȈȓȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ȒȈȒ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȒȖșȕțȓ-
șȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȓȈȌ ȝȘȈȕȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȈ ǶȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ șȐȍ ȔȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȓȖ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȕȖ —
țȊȣ — ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȕȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ
ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȚȘȈȠȐȚȤșȧ
ǯȈȗȍȓȐ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȗȈȊȐȓȤȖȕ ǫȖȕȏȈȋȖ Ȑ
ȒȖȘȌȍȉȈȓȍȚ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ șȞȍȕț dzȖȘȕȍȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȒȐ
ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘȚȍȘȍ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȏȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ǼȐȋțȘȈȕȚ-
ȒȐ ȘȈșșȚțȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȦȕȈȧ ǨȜȘȖȌȐȚȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ șȊȖȐ
ȓȐȓȍȑȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȞȈȘșȚȊțȧ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ ǵȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒȖȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȦ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰșȚȖȔȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȘȖșȚȈ ȒȈȒ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ

161
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȘȈȉȍșȖȒ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȊ — Ȑ ȏȈȓ ȗȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȉȦȚȈȕȚȒȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ
Ȋșȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ ȇ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ ǶȚȒțȌȈ
ț ȕȍȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȥȚȈ
șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȕȍȋȈ ǰȓȐ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ"
ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ — ȉȘȈȊȖ — Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȓ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȘțȒȖȗȓȍȡȈ
ǵȍ ȗȖȔȕȧ șȍȉȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȧ ȏȈ ȒțȓȐșȣ ǹȓțȋȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȖ ȧ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȌȣȠȈȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ș ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȍȓȤȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȈ ȕȈ
ȓȉț ȗȘȖșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȔȐ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚțȦ ȗȣȓȤ ȗțȌȘȣ
ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȈȕȚȘȈȒȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȖȦ ȕȈ
ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȑ ȚțȜȍȓȤȒț ș ȚțȗȣȔ ȕȖșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȕȐȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ
ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȐȟ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊ
Ǫ țȏȍȕȤȒțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ țȉȖȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓȈșȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓ-
ȒȈ ș șțȓȚȈȕȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȒȈȒ
șȕȍȋ ȓȖșȐȕȈȝ Ȋ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȤ-ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚșȒȖȔ ȔțȕȌȐȘȍ ǻ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȕȐ ț ȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
 ȚȖȓ-
șȚȣȍ ȋțȉȣ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȧȚȕȣȑ ȖȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȈ
ȁȍȓȒȕțȊ ȠȗȖȘȈȔȐ Ȗȕ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ǴȈȠȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȈȚȦȠȒț — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ
ȗȖȌ dzȍȑȗȞȐȋȖȔ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȍȟȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȖșȝȐ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȑ ȌȖȟȒȐ
ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈșȤ
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǫȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ ȒȐȊȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍ-
Ȕț țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȇ ȏȓȐȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȔ
«ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȕȍ șțȏȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȜȘȈȒȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȒȕȧȏȤ» — ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȣșȓȤ ȔȖȧ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȐȉȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȉȣ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȑ ȜȘȈȒ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȧ
DzȕȧȏȤ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ƕȕ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓ ȉȈȚȦȠȒț ǴȈȚțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȐȔ ȗȓȍȕȐȓȈșȤ,
ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȧșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ

162
— Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍșȈ ȌȈ Ȑ
ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ș ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ Ȗȕ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ǯȈȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖ
ȔȖȍȔț ȗȖȕȧȚȐȦ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț Ȗȕ ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ ș
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȦ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓ ȍȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȒȖȕȜȍ-
Țȣ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȍȑ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȧȓȤȞȈȝ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȠȍȘșȚȤ ȘȈș-
șȚȈȊȐȊ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȚȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȒȓțȉȖȒ ǰ Ȗȕ
șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ ȕȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț șȊȖȑ șȐȕȐȑ ȊȏȖȘ Ȑ
țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ Ȉ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȍȝȈȓȈ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌț ȗȖ ȌȍȌțȠȒȍ ȕȈ ǹȔȖȓȍȕșȒȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐ-
ȡȍ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȧ țșȍȓșȧ ș ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȖȦ ȕȈ
ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȒȖȕȜȍȚȒț ȇ șȐȌȍȓ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ șȒț-
ȟȈȓ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȈȉȈȊ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȚȖȊȕȦ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȍȑȟȈș ȏȈȑȚȐ Ȓ ȉȈȘȖȕț Ƕș-
Țȍȕț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȒȕȧȏȦ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖ
Ƕȕ ș ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ǶȉȖȑȌȧ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȐȉȖ ȐȌȚȐ Ȓ ȉȈȘȖ-
ȕț ǶșȚȍȕț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ șȖ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ
ȏȊȖȕȒȖȔ ȕȈȠț șȚȘȖȗȚȐȊțȦ Ȑ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊțȦ ǭȓȐșȈȊȍȚț ǸȈȏȌȍȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǵȍ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȊ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȞȍȓțȍȚ
ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ șȗȐȕȖȦ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǫȖȓȖȊȒȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈ-
ȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȒțȌȘȧȠȒȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȓȕȧ-
ȏȧ ȇ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȍ ȌȣȠȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȔȖȍ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ
ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
— Ǩ ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȧ

163
ȇ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȕȈ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȦ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȣȔ
— Ǫȣ șȔțȡȍȕȣ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȊȈș țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
ǴȖȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȖȦ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȔ
ǬțȘȕȣȝ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ǵȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȦșȤ ș ȊȈ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ș ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȎȈȘȖȔ
Ƕȕ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ǴȈ-
ȠȍȕȤȒȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ — ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ȈțȋșȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ș ȒȓȍȑȔȖȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȔȈȊȘȈ ș ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ȘțȟȒȖȑ Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ dzȍȏȊȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚ-
ȗțȡȍȕȖ
IV
DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ț ȕȈș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓ Ƕȕ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓșȧ ǴȈ-
ȠȍȕȤȒȖȦ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ț ȕȍȍ ȘțȟȒȐ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȉȈȚȦȠȒȐ Ȑ ȔȈȚțȠȒȐ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȎȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ.
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ǴȈȠȍ-
ȕȤȒȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȔ Ȓȕȧȏȍ ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ — ȔȖȓȊȐȓ Ȗȕ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȍȧ — ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤȧ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȣ ȕȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȣ
ǵȍțȎȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȐȟ ȏȈȔȈȘȈȍȚ ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȉȍșȟȍșȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȔ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ
ȌȊȖȘȧȕȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȣ"
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț ș
șȊȖȐȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȟȐȊȖ
ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȡȈȌȧ

164
ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǪȍșȕȖȦ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȍ-
ȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȔȖșȒȖȊȕȖȍ Ƕȕ Ȋ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȈ ǼȖȔȐȕȖȑ țȍȝȈȓ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȊ ț ȕȈș ȕȈ ǷȈșȝȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȉ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ ǬȍȕȐ-
șȍȊȐȟȈ ȉȘȈȊȖȋȖ țșȈȟȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍșȣ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ șȚȈȘȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȉ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȘȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȉ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȔȖșȒȖȊȕȖȑ ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȔȈȓȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ȖșȖȉȓȐȊȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȒȖȍȋȖ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȍ ț ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ ǻ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ Ǽȍ-
ȌȖȘȖȊȐȟȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȘțșșȒȐȍ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȐ ǵȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ — ȖȟȐ-
ȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȐȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ ȠȐȕȒȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȗțșȚȈ ǴȖȓȖ-
ȌȍȎȤ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȒțȌȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȐȘȣ
ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȓȍȑȉ-țȓȈȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȊȖȍȔț șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒț
— DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȈ ȎȍȕȐȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ǪȖȚ-
ȟȐȕȖȑ Ǩ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞț
ǫȘțȏȌȍȊț ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȈȔȈȠȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȓȈșȚȕȈȧ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ
ȇ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȖ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ǴȖȐ
ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǸȣȓȍȍȊț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ƕȕ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ ǹ ȗȖȓȕȖȦ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȦ
ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȐȟț ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ
ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȍȔț ȔȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ șȖȊȍȚȈ
ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȊ ȏȈ
șȗȐȕț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȒȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȉȓțȒȖȔ
ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ
— ǬȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ, — ȕȈȠȈ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȞȐȧ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȕȖșȕȈ
ȅȚȐ ȉȈȓȖȊȕȐ șțȌȤȉȣ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ
ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȗȖȘțȋȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ ǹȍȑ
ȌȖȓȋ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȧ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ȇ ȗȓȦȕț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȒȕȧȏȦ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊț ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȚȘȍ-
ȉțȍȚ șȈȚȐșȜȈȒȞȐȐ

165
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, — ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțȡț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȓȐ
ȊȈȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȇ — ȌȊȖȘȧȕȐȕ Ȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊ ȕȍ șȔȍȍȚ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ Ȉ ȍȎȍȓȐ Ȗȕȣȍ ȉțȌțȚ
ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȧ ȉțȌț ș ȕȐȔ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ
— Ǫȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȋȘț-
șȚȕȖ. — ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȒȈ ș ȊȈȔȐ
ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȐȧ
— ǺȈȒ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȦ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǪȖȠȍȌ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȓ
ȚȈȔ Ȓȕȧȏȧ Ȑ șȍșȚȘț Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ǻ ȕȐȝ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȧȕț-
ȚțȦ ȘțȒț ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȓ ȥȚȖȚ șȖȉȓȈȏȕ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȟȐȕ șșȖȘȣ
Ǩ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ DzȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȈȧșȧ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȣȓȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȍȋȖ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȈș ȒȕȧȏȤ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȊȠȐȔ ȉțȘȦ. — Ǫȣ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓȐ
ȕȈȠ ȌȖȔ ǰ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȈȔ — ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȈȠȐȔ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍȔ" ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȈȔ
ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȍșȚȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȓȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȔȈȚțȠȒȐ
ǶȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȊ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖ
— ǵȖ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ǷȖȔȍȌȓȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȇ
ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȦșȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȔȈȚțȠȒț Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȉȘȈȒȈ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ ǵȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț ȕȍȍ
ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ Ȑ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤ-

166
ȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔț ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȕȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ ȇ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȑ ȐșȝȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȈȕȖ-
ȕȐȔȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȕȈȔȍȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȐȏȔȍȕț Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍțȌȈȟȓȐȊȈȧ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȞȈ ȗȖ șȞȍȕȍ ȔșȚȐȓȈ ȍȑ ȏȓȖ-
ȘȈȌșȚȊțȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȍȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȔȈȚțȠȒȍ Ȉ ȚȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȍȚȈ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǵȍ ȊȖȓȕțȑȚȍșȤ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ǫșȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȘȈ-
ȏȢȧșȕȐȚșȧ ȇ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦ ȖȚ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ.
ǰ ȗțșȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ șȈȔȈ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚ ȍȔț ǵȈȠȈ șȍȔȍȑȕȈȧ
ȟȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ Ȉ ȗȖȊȍșȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ Ȑ ȎȍȕȐȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȊȍȚșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȊȍȚȘȍȕȐȞȍ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȍȋȖ
— dzȦȉȐȚ" ǵȖ ȖȕȈ șȒȖȘȖ șȈȔȈ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȟȚȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— Ǩȝ ȔȐȓȣȑ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ — ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȓȍȗȈ
ǩțȌțȟȐ ȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȣȔ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ
ȔȖȍȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȘȖȉȍȓ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ dzȍȚȕȍȔ șȈȌț ǷȘȐȌȧ ȟȈșȖȔ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȦ Ȋ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȕȈȚȣȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȋțȓȧȦȡȐȝ Ȑȏ ȒȖȐȝ Ȑȕȣȍ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ Ȉ Ȑȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈ-
ȕȐȧ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȖȌȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȌțȠȍȊȕțȦ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȘȈȏțȔ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖșȍȓȍ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓ șȗȐȘȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ț ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȦȔȒȐ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȘȖȚ șȈȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȔ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȎȞȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȈ Ȓ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȍȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ «dzȈșȚȖȟȒȈ» ǺțȌȈ ȧ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȖȡțȗȈȊ
Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȓțȗȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ǻșȍȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ
șȚȖȓȐȒȖȊ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ȧ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȗȖȒȘȍȗȟȍ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȌȍȓ ȜȓȖȚ-
șȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȐȓ ȊȐșȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȈȊȓȧȧ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚțȦ
ȊȓȈȋț șȖȌȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǰ ȧ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȌȖ
șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȈȝȕțȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ-

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ȗȐȚȒȈ ǯȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȗȓȍșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ ǩȈȘȎț șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈ-
ȓȖ ǺȘȐ ȍȊȘȍȧ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ șȦȘȚțȒȈȝ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȒȘȐȗȒȈȝ Ȑ
ȊȐȖȓȖȕȟȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ
«Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȕȍȞ ǯȍȚȦȓȤȉȣ» — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȧ Ȑ
Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȍȓȒȈ ț ȋȘȈȜȈ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ǴȈ-
ȠȍȕȤȒȈ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȈȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȖșȚȍȑ
«ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȒȈȗȘȐȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ — ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȍ-
ȔȍȑșȚȊȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕțȌȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȘȍȉȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ șȈȚȐșȜȈȒȞȐȐ»
ǺȈȒ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȧ ȧ ȗȖȌȓȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȓȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȈ-
ȒȈȕ ȊȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȝȔȍȓȤ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȓ
ȔȕȖȦ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȘțȎȐȚșȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȉȈȘȎȐ Ȑ
ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȍșȒȈȔȐ ȊȖȓȕ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȉȖȘȚ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȈșȣ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ-
șȧ ǷȖȌȊȐȕțȊ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ șȌȈȟț ȒȓȈȕȧȊȠȍȔțșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȓțȋȍ ȧ
ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȚȘȍȏȊ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȦ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȔȕȖȑ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ dzȍȚȕȐȑ șȈȌ ȕȈ șȍȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ȕȈ-
șȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ș ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȦ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊ ȔȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚ-
ȊȖ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈȔ șȈȌȈ ȋțȓȧȓȐ șȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȠȚȈȚșȒȐȝ ȜȘȈȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ Ȑ ȧ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐȡȈ șȚȈȚ-
ȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȈ ȇ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ șȈȌ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȐȌțȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓȕȧȏȧ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ǬȍȕȐșȍȊȐȟȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȒȘțȚȧ țșȣ.
ȇ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȉȐȌȟȐȒț Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ
ȔȖȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
«ȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ» Ȑ ȠȍȗȕțȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȊȖȍȔț șȗțȚȕȐȒț șȊȍȘȕțȓ
ȕȈ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȖȒ Ȗ ȉȖȒ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ
— Ǵȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ șțȌȈȘȤ țșȓȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȓ ȌȊțȔ ȟȈ-
șȈȔ Ȉ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ǺțȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȕȈȠ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ

168
— ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȈș ȒȕȧȏȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ — Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȦȌȈ
— ǬȈ ǬȈ — ȧ șȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ
—ǵȖȕȍȔȖȋȎȍȧȗȖȏȊȈȚȤȊȈșȒșȍȉȍȒȖȋȌȈțȔȍȕȧȒȚȖȔțȎȍ
șȍȑȟȈș ȎȐȊȍȚ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑȏ
ȗȖȌȔȖșȒȖȊȕȖȑ
— ȇ șȓțȠȈȦ ȊȈș — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȋȕȍȊȈ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȝȔȍȓȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț. — Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
DzȕȧȏȤ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
— Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȚȧȕțȊ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȗȍȘȟȈȚ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȕȖȋȚȐ — Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȗȖȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖȑ,
Ȉ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȓȖșȤ Ǫȣ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȍȕ Ȓ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȧȔ Ȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȔ ȊȈȠȍȑ
șȍșȚȘȐȞȣ ȕȖ șȊȍȚ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȔȐȓȖșȚȧȔȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈ-
ȚțȠȒȐ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ
ǷȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȊȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȠȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȎȍȓȐ ȧ ȎȍȕȦșȤ
ȕȈ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȍ ǵȍ ȔȖȋț Ȏȍ ȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȌȍȗȈȘ-
ȚȈȔȍȕȚ ǵȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ
ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȋȘțȉțȦ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
— DzȈȒ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȋ dzȍȚȕȍȔ șȈȌț Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈș ȔȖȋțȚ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȍ — DzȈȒ Ǫȣ ȘȍȠȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖ? Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ țȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȖȦ șȍșȚȘț ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔ-
ȕȣȔ Ǩ Ȋȣ" Ƕ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓȐ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȔ
ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ" Ƕ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȍ
Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ" ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș țȎȍ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ǬȍȕȐșȍȊȐȟ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
șȓțȠȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȗȣȓȒțȦ ȘȍȟȤ șȔȍȧșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȅȋȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖșȒȈȓȧ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ. — Ǫȣ ȧ
ȊȐȎț ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȘȈșȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ ț ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤ ǬȍȕȐșȍȊȐȟ — ȧ șȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȈș ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȊȈ-

169
ȓȍȘȖȊ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȦ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊț Ȑ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚ-
ȕțȦ ȌȍȊȐȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝț ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț DzȕȧȋȐȕȦ ȧ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ țȏȕȈȓ Ǵȕȍ ȍȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋțȓȧȕȤȍ
ǷȖȘȈȊȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȕȈȊȍȓȈ ȓȖȘȕȍȚ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȕȈ șȣȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȓȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȋȕțșȈȊȧ
— DzțȌȈ Țȣ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ" ȅȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ
Ǵȣ Țȍȉȧ ȐȡȍȔ ȐȡȍȔ
ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȜȘȈȕȚȣ
șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Dz ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ
ǬȍȕȐșȍȊȐȟ ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț țȝț ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
— ǹȚțȗȈȑȚȍ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǶȚ ȊȈș ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȊȐȕȖȔ ǵȈȉȍ-
ȌȖȒțȘȐȚȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ
ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȖȉȐȌȟȐȒț ȒȈȒ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȑ șȚȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȔȐ Ȑȏ șȈȌȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȣȝ ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕțȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕțȦ ȌȍȊȐȞț ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ Dz șȈ-
Ȍț ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ Ȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȌșȈȌȐȊ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȦȕțȦ ȒȘȈ-
șȈȊȐȞț șȚȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ șȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒț ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȝț-
ȌȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȕȖ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ-
ȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ șțȓȚȈȕ Ȓȕȧȏȧ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȓȧșȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȝ ȗȣȓȐ ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǬȍȕȐșȍȊȐȟ ȊȍșȍȓȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ
ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ǹȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȓț-
ȟȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȘȊȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȈ ȇ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȉȧ
ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒț ș ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȇ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȎț ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓȈ ȘțȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȝȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȇ
ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ șȕȖȔ
ǷȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ țȌȖȉȕȣȔ șȓțȟȈȍȔ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȈȚțȠȒț Ȗ Ȓȕȧȏȍ ǰȏ ȒȘȈȚȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍȧșȕȣȝ
ȍȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȑ țȘȈȏțȔȍȓ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ț ȕȈș
ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȦȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȏȐȔȈ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ ȌȖȔ ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ ȟȈȡȍ
ȟȍȔ ȘȈȕȍȍ ǺȈȔ șȓțȠȈȓ ȧ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȒȖȐ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ

170
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ-ȕȖȊȖȔț DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȕȍȊȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȉ
ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȞȐȐ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȗ ȔȍșȚȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȠȓȐ șȓțȝȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǫțȌȈ-
ȓȖȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ ǻȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒțȦ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕțȦ ȋȌȍ
ȎȐȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ ș ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕțȌȐȚȤ Ȓ
ȗȖȍȌȐȕȒț DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț ȒȘȣȓȤȞț șȖ ȓȤȊȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȉțȓȈȊț șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȋșȧ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖȉȖȦ
Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȕȧȏȦ ǵȖ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ
Ȑ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ șȘȖȒ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍ
Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ
ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȁȍȓ șȕȍȋ ǷȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȚȍȓȐȞȈ ȇ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ ǪȖȑȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤ-
ȞȖ ȧ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǶȕȈ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ
ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȇ șȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ țșȚȓȈȕȕȖȑ
ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ǵȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓțȋ
ȇ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȏȈȓț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ Ȑ ȗț-
șȚȣȕȕțȦ ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎ Ȋ ȗȈȘȐȒȈȝ ȗȘȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȖȋȖ ǺȈȒ ȧ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȗȖȓțȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǷȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȊ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȔȐȕȖȔ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ ȒțȘȧ ȚȘțȉ-
Ȓț ș ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȟțȉțȒȖȔ
ǰȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ șȦȌȈ" ǯȈȟȍȔ" — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȉȘȍȏ-
ȋȓȐȊȖ
— ǴȖȓȟȐȚȍ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ, — ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȠ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǵȈȔ șțȌȈȘȤ ȕȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ — ȔȖȓ-
ȊȐȓ șțȝȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȉȓȍȚșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ — ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȒȕȧȏȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȍȚȍ ȉȍșȟȍșȚȕȖ ǴȖȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ

171
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȍșȚȘȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈ ȊȈș ȏȈȔțȎ ȕȖ Ȋȣ
ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǰ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ
— ǹȐȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȇ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ ǪȖȚȟȐȕȖȑ
— Ǩ — ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȓ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț — Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ, ȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȦ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ǵȣ ȉț-
ȌȍȔ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ
— ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ țȌȈȘȐȊ ȟțȉțȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȖ-
ȓț — Ǻȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȦ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊț ȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ
ȗȖȍȌȐȕȖȒ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ǫȘțȏȌȍȊȣȔ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚ-
ȕȐȔ Ǻȍȉȧ ȌȘțȎȖȒ ȊȣșȍȟȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ
— ǵȍȋȖȌȧȑ — ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ ȧ ȉȘȖșȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ǵȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ șȚȖȓ DzȕȧȏȤ țȎȍ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȋ
ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȌȦȎȐȝ ȓȈȒȍȧ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ
— DzȚȖ ȗțșȚȐȓ șȦȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȈ" — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ — ǫȖ-
ȕȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȕ
dzȈȒȍȐ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȈȕȜȐ-
ȓȈȌț ȒȖȔȕȈȚ Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ ȕȈȝȓȖ-
ȉțȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑ ȌȈȊ ȚțȔȈȒȈ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ș ȒȘȣȓȤ-
ȞȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ șȕȍȋ ǪȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȓȈ ȔȍȚȍȓȤ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȖ Ȋ
șȕȍȎȕȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ ȇ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑȏ șțȋȘȖȉȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȍȓșȧ
ȌȖȔȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȍȏȌȐȐ Ƕ ȧ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȐȞț  ȕȖȧȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
V
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ
șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȊȈȘȈ ǻ ǴȈȠȍȕȤȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ țȚȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȕȍ
șȗȈȓȈ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǿȚȖ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȧ șȗȈȓ
ȒȈȒ țȉȐȚȣȑ Ȑ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ
ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȋȕȍȊ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȒȕȧȏȦ

172
ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȗȐȓ ȟȈȑ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȉ șȈȔ ȝȔțȘȧșȤ ȗȖȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍșȚȘț Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȈ ǭȓȐșȈȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȉȈȚȦ-
ȠȒȍ «ǹȍȊȍȘȕțȦ ȗȟȍȓț» ǶȚȍȞ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ
ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȘțȉȒȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȑ
Ȗȕ țȌȈȘȐȊ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȦ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȦ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍ șȔȍȦ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȖȚȍȞ" — ȏȈȓȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ
ȋȖȚȖȊȈȧ Ȓ Ȑșȗțȋț Ȑ ȋȖȘȦ
ǩȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝȕțȊ ȓȍȊȖȦ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖȓț ȝȈȓȈȚȈ
șȚȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
«ǵȍȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐȔȣȑ Ȋ ȗțȚȧȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓ ȊșȍȊȣȠȕȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȦ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐȦ ȒȖȍȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǷȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ  șȍȋȖ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ Ȑȏ
ǺȈȋȈȕȘȖȋȈ ȒțȘȤȍȘ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȗȓȈȟȍȊȕțȦ ȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ»
ȇ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ ǴȣșȓȐ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȏȈȒȘțȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ
țȔ
«ǵȈȌȖ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȓ ǹȐȕȍȔț ȔȖșȚț — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǨȊȖșȤ
ȚȈȔ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȔȣșȓ șȍȋȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȧ».
ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǵȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȧ Ȑȏ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȑ
ȕȈȕȧȊ ȌȘȖȎȒȐ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ǶȚ-
ȗțșȚȐȊ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȕȖȍ ș țȓȐȞȣ
ȊȣȗțȒȓȖȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȦ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ ȊȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȉȍȏ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȊ
— ǷȘȐ ȕȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ƕȕ ȕȈȠ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕțȦ ȉȍșȍȌț ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ
— ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Țȣ" ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈșȚȈȓȈ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ" ǫȌȍ ȖȕȐ șȖȉȍȘțȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȔțȚ ȋȌȍ șȐ-
ȓȣ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȍȎȍȓȐ ȖȕȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓȖ Ȗ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȞȈȘȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚșȧ ȉȦȓȓȍȚȍȕȐ Ȗȉ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ" ǭȎȍ-
ȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ șȒȈȎȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈȔ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐșȚț-
ȗȐȔ Ȓ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ ǫȖȊȖȘȐ

173
ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȊȖȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǬȈ Ȕȣ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ șȈȔ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓșȧ Ȑ
ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȊȈș ǻ ȕȈș ȕȍȚ ȗȓȈȕȈ ǵȈȌȖ ȊșȍȔ șȖȑȚȐșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȊȊȍȟȍȘț Ǩ ȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȖȍȌț șȖȉȘȈȚȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
țȔȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖȑșȒȈȝ
ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔț ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȕȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȖȍ
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȧ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȚȖȦ ȓȐȝȖ-
ȘȈȌȒȖȦ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ
ǬȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȧ ȎȐȓ, ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȋȍȘȖȑșȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȊȐ-
ȋȖȊ Ȑ ȟțȌȍș Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȖșșȐȧȕȍ țȚȖȓȧȚ ȎȈȎȌț ȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
«ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ǸȣȓȍȍȊ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȖȝȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȗȣȓ
șȊȖȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȧ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȍ ǺȐȘȈȕ-
șȚȊț ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȒȖȕȍȞ».
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȏȖȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȣȔ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț ȧȌȖȔ
ǵȖ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ
ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȌȍȚ șȈȔȖȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȝțȌȖ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȍȘșȖȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȓȖ-
Ȍȍȧ ȐȉȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ țȘȈȏțȔȍȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ șțȌȤ-
ȉȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȕȈȠț ȐȔȗȍȘȐȦ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȈȕȌȘȈ
Ǫ ȉțȔȈȎȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȓ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ȏȈȒȖȕȕȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ Ȉ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ
ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ Ȉ ȟȚȖ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȍȚ ȕȈȘȖȌț ȊȖȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȗȕ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚ ȖȚ șȓțȎȉȣ Ȉ ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȖȒ-
ȘȈȚȐȚ șȘȖȒ ȇ Ȋ ǰȏȔȈȑȓȖȊșȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȒț ȟȐȚȈȓ ȉțȔȈȎȒț șȖȓȌȈ-
ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓ ȐȔ Ȗ ȚȐȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ǵȍȕȧ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȕȖ
ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈșȓțȎȍȕȕȣȑ, ș ȒȘȍșȚȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȕțȊ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȓȐ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ ȓȐ — Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȇȉȓȖȟȒȖ ȖȚ
ȧȉȓȖȕȐ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȟȍ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ǷȖȓțȟȠȍ ȓȐ ȗȖȝțȎȍ Ȉ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȈȔ Ȋ
ȓțȎȍ ȗȖȒȍȓȍȊȈ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȐȔȍȦȚ Ǩ Ȋȣ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȍȋȖ
ȝȓȖȗȖȟȍȚȍ" ǵȈȔ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ

174
ȇ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȧ
ǺȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǸȣȓȍȍȊț ǺȈȔ
ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌț Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȣȡȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȧșȤ.
ǪȖȑȌȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕț Ȉ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȒȖȑ ȔȈȝȕțȓ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȒțȘȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȚțȔȈȕȍ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȓțȠȈȓ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȇ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ǩȣȓȐ ȗȈȘȚȐȒț-
ȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ — Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȓȣȝ Ȋ ȟȐȕȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȌȊȈ-ȚȘȐ ǶȌȐȕ țșȈȚȣȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ș
ȟȍȘȕȖȦ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȦ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
țȉȐȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ ȚȐȘȈȕȈ ǩȣȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȒȘȐȒțȕȣ Ǩ
ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȟȈȓȍȕ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț
ȋȖșȚȦ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǬȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȕȈ țșȗȍȝ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȍșțȚ ȗȓȖȌȣ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ
ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ǸȣȓȍȍȊ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȐȓșȧ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐȔȖȓȒȓȐ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȓȐșȚȈȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ǵȈȠ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȑ ȌȖȓȋ șȗȈșȚȐ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȕȈȠȈ
ȘȍȠȍȕȈ dzțȟȠȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȏȧȚȣȔ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖș-
ȚȍȓȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ƞȍȓ
ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ǴȖȑȒȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ Ȍț-
Ƞȍ ȒȈȒ ȔțȏȣȒȈ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍțȌȈȟȈ ȇ ȗȘȖșȗȈȓ DzȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒțȒțȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȟȈșȈȝ ȗȘȖȒțȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȇ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȖȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȕȖ
ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȚȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ
— DzțȌȈ șȗȍȠȐȠȤ" Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ ǴȖȎȍȠȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȖȓȐȚ
— ǰȊȈȕ — ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȘȖȋȖ — ǰȏȊȖȓȤ ȖșȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȌȖȔȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦ Ȋȏȧȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǹȐȌȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȚȖȓȒȕțȊ Ȕȍȕȧ

175
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓ
ȒȓȦȟ
ǵȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȔȖȍȔț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ ǴȖȐ ȊȖȗȓȐ Ȑ șȚț-
ȒȐ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ǿȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȧ țș-
ȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȉ ȧ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȒȓȐȒȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȔȈȚțȠ-
Ȓț ȚȖ șȍșȚȘț ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț ȖȚȞȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȖȉȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ǴȈ-
ȠȍȕȤȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȟȕțȦ șȒȊȈȎȐȕț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ țȕȍș ȒȓȦȟ ș șȖȉȖȦ șȚȘȖȎȈȑȠȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȊ
ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ șȗȖșȖȉ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȍȔȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ǶȒȕȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ șȈȌ ȕȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȕȈȠȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ǷȘȐȓȤȕțȊ Ȓ șȚȍȒȓț ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȣșȚțȗ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȊȖȌȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȘțȉȈ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȓȖ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȕȖȎȐȒ Ȑ șȚȈȓ Ȋȣ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȘȈȔț ǴȐȕțȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȧ ȕȈȗȧȓȐȊ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȔȍȝȖȊțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț Ȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓ — ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ Ȓȕȧȏȧ — ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȖȒȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ ȗȖ
ȚȘțȉȍ Ȋ șȈȌ ǪȣȉȍȎȈȊ ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț ȧ ȗȖ-
ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ Ȍțȝ ȗȖ ǰȏȔȈȑȓȖȊșȒȖȔț ȗȘȖșȗȍȒȚț
ǵȈ ǪȖȏȕȍșȍȕșȒȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȉȍȋ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ țȓȐȞȣ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȣ ȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖșȚȖȊțȦ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȓț-
ȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔ ǰ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ
— ǰȠȤ ȒȈȒțȦ ȐȋȘț ȊȣȌțȔȈȓȐ — ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȟțȑȒȈ — ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȐȔ ȗȘȐșȧȋȈȑ ǶȌȕȖȔț-
ȌȘțȋȖȔț ǷȖȔȣȒȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȍșșȓȖȊȍșȕȣȔȐ
— Ǩ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȌȧȌȍȕȤȒȈ ȉțȌȚȖ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ
ȊȖȓȦ ȌȈșȚ — ȗȖ ȖȉȍȚț ȏȈ ȐșȞȍȓȍȕȐȍ șțȗȘțȋȐ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȓȍȑ-
Ƞȍȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȌțȋȖȊ
— ǪȖȓȦ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ Ȉ ȉȍȘțȚ ǩȍȘȐ — ȕȍ ȏȍȊȈȑ Ǩ
ȗȘȖȏȍȊȈȍȠȤ — ȒȕțȚȈ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ
— ǿȍȋȖ ȏȘȧ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ Ǩ ȟȍȔ
Ȗȕ ȓțȟȠȍ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ" ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȒȈ ȖȡȍȕȐȓȈșȤ Ǫșȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ
ȚȖȟȒȈ Ȋ ȚȖȟȒț ǰ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȠȤ Ǫșȍ ȍȌȐȕȖ — șțȒȐȕȣ ȌȍȚȐ

176
ȇ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ ǴȖȘșȒțȦ ȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȐȌȚȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǰȏ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȐȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǰșȈȈȒȐȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȊ șȚȖȧȚ ȊȖȑșȒȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ǨȌȔȐ-
ȘȈȓȚȍȑșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȗȍȒȚȍ ȘȍȏȍȘȊȣ ǵȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖ
ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȈ ǹȍȕȈȚșȒțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȇ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ǷȖȟȚȈȔȚșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȒ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȐ-
ȒȈȔ Țȣȓ ȇ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȍȘțșȤ ȌȖ DzȖȕȕȖȋȊȈȘ-
ȌȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ
ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ
ǷȓȈȕ ȔȖȑ țȌȈȓșȧ ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ
ȚȖȓȗȍ ȏȖȘȒȖ ȏȈ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȘȊȐȟȍșȒțȦ
ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ
ǻȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ǹȕȍȋț ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȖȋȐ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȏȐȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤȦ ȊȐșȍȓ șȐȕȐȑ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȍțȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓȚȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȗȍȒȚȈ Ȋȣ-
ȍȝȈȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ șȈȔ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȉȖȘț ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȍȔț ǰșȈȈȒȐȑ ȖȚȚț-
ȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȉȘȈȕȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȈȘȧ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȕȤȧ ǶȌȕȖ ȗȖȓȍȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȗȖ ȕȖȋȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǺȖȋȌȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ
ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȖȓȤ-ȜȈș ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ
ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǰȏ ȒȈȘȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȈȓȗ ȕȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǸȐșȒțȧ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȣșȚȘȍ-
ȓȣ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈ ǷȍȚȘț șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ ȔȖșȒȖȊȞȣ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȐȕșțȘȋȍȕȚȈȔ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȌȘț-
ȎȍșȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ǸȣȓȍȍȊȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȐ ș șțȔȒȖȦ Ȑ Șț-
ȎȤȍȔ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȍ ș ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȈȠȈȔȐ, șȒȈȟțȚ ȒȖȕȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȉȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ Ȓțȟț ȗțȋȈȧșȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȓȍȌȐȞȣ ǪȍȚȍȘ șȊȍȧȓ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șȕȍȋ

ǴȖșȒȖȊȞȣ ȌȈȓȐ ȏȈȓȗ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑȕȣȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȏȈ-
ȔȖȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȊȐșȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȍ Ȉ Ȑȕȣȍ țȎȍ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖș-
ȚȖȊȖȑ ǵȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȕȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ șȒȈȒȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȕȈș ȒȘȐȟȈ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȎȈȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȔȖȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ Ǫ ȥȚȖ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȈȧ ȔȖȘȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȑ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖ ȗȈȓȈȠ ȇ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ
ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȖȉȓȍȌȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǽțȌȖ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȧ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȕȖȋȊȈȘ-
ȌȍȑȞȈ Ȑ șȗȖȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ țȗȈȓ ȍȔț ȒȖȓȍȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȇ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȐȓȐȚșȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȎȈȚțȦ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȈȊțȦ
ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș șȐȕȐȔȐ ș ȗȖȊȖȓȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȇ
țȏȕȈȓ ǫțȌȈȓȖȊȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ
Ȋ ȉȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȈȔȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ
ȌȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚ
ȇ ȝțȌȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȈȚȈ-
ȒȐ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȎȍȘȓȈ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȘȚȍȟȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȕȖȟȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȒȐ

178
ǿȁDzȊǯǮ
ǶȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȏȊȈȓȐ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕȖȔ
ǶȕȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȈ țȏȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȗȐȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ȓȐȕȐȦ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȖȊ ǰȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȧȚȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ
ǰȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȖȕȐ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ
ǫȖȘȖȌ ș ȍȋȖ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȖȔ ȒȘȣȠ ș ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ ȕȐȏȒȐȔȐ Ȑ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ș ȌȣȔȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȚȖ ȧȕȚȈȘȕȣȔ ȚȖ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ
ȋȖȘȖȌ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ ȓțȕȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȏȈȘȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȔȍ-
șȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȊȖȗȓȐ șȔȍȝ ȔțȏȣȒț
ȊȖȑ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȉȖȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ țȌȈȘȣ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȗ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȒțȗȖȓȖȊ ș ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ
ȊȐȚȘȐȕ ș ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍȊ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȉȣȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ
ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȓȐȠȤ
ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ Ȗȕ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȚȘȖ-
Ȏȍ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȥȚ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȓȐ-
Ȟȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȉȓȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțșȒȓȣ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȔȐȘ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕ
ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȦ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȗȐșȈȓ QDWXUH PRUWH ȈȊȚȖȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȈȊȚȖȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȈ ǷȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ
ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȈ ȋȌȍ ȧȉȓȖȒȐ ȈȘȉțȏȣ Ȑ ȒȖȘȒȐ ȝȓȍ-
ȉȈ ȗȓȍȕȧȓȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȋȍȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ țȋȓȖȊȈȚȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȖȕȚț-
ȘȖȊ ȋȌȍ șȈȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȘȈȔȣ ȒȈȒ ȔȈșȒȈ
ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȖȘȖȌ-
șȒȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ ș ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȖȑ ȋȈȔȔȖȦ ȒȘȣȠ
ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȗȐșȈȓ ȓȐȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȐȝȐ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȗȖȓțȋȘțșȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȓțȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȍ ș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȐȜȔȈȔȐ ȘȐȚȔȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓțȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȕȐȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȍȓȣ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊțȦ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȟȍȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȐșȈȚȤ

179
ǶȕȈ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȐȕȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ș ȕȍȦ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ dzȐȠȤ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȍȘȚȍ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȑȠȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ ȕȖ ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȓȍȕȐȓȈ
ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȔțȎȍȔ Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȈ șȒȍ-
ȚȐȕȋ-ȘȐȕȋȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȗȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȍȔț ȗȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ǷȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ
șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȣ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȖȥȚȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ș ȍȍ ȔțȎȍȔ ȈȒȞȐȏȕȣȔ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȍ ȉȈȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ
ȍȔț ȘȈȍȔ ǩȍȓȖȒțȘȈȧ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȈ Ȓ ǪȍȕȐȈ-
ȔȐȕț Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȓȍȗȖȚȈ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȚȖȔȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ
ȊȏȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȧ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȈ ȒȈȒ ǩȍȈȚ-
ȘȐȟȍǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ Ȑ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ©Țȣª Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȐȕȚȐȔȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȕȐȑ ȝȘȈȕȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȖȗȖȘȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ DzȖȋȌȈ
ț ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȉ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȈșȚȖ
 Ȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȐȌȚȐ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȐȓȐ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȖȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȌȖȔȈ
ȒțȘȧ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȟțȉțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȧșȤ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȒȕȐȋȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȒȈȘȚȐȕ ȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ țșȗȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
șȊȖȐ ȝȖȓșȚȣ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȈȊȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȖșȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȣȔȐ
ȘȍȞȍȕȏȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȔȐ
ȗȖȏțȉȖșȒȈȓȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȌȘțȋȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȖȒțȚȈȕȕȣȍ șȐ-
ȕȐȔ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȌȣȔȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȎȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȏȊȈȚȤ ©ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔª
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ
ȟȍȘȚȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȣ
— ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈȝ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ș ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ

180
ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ǵȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȗȘȖșȒȈȒȈȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ș ȠȈȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȋȖȓȖ ǵȍ ȉțȕ-
ȚțȍȚ ȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ"
— ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ — ȕȖ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȖ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȔȈ DzȈȒ ȓȦȌȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȔȐȔȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ
— ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȗȖȥȚ — Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ — Ȑ ȚȐ-
ȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȉțȘȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȗȈȧ șȓȍȗȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ
— dzȦȉȖȊȤ" ǵȖ Ȋ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȕȍȚ ȓȦȉȊȐ dzȦȌȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ
ȉȖȘȤȉț ȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȟȍșȚȖȓȦȉȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȗ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȉțȎȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ
— Ǫȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ — ©ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔª ȅȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȓ
— ǬȈ" ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȎȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȍȓ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț"
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ Ǩ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ ȉț-
ȒȍȚ Ȑȏ ȘȖȏ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǵȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ ǭșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȕȣ ȏȈȑȌȍȔ Ȋ
ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ Ȑ șȢȍȌȐȔ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȑȌț Ȓ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȔ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȗȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ — ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ƞȓȧȗț
ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ Ȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȒȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȍșȚȘțȦ ȚȖȓȗț ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕțȦ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȠțȘȠȈȕȤȍȔ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȔȈȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ ȐȡțȡȐȝ Ȑ ȊȓȍȒțȡȐȝ
ǰ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȕȖ Ȑȕȣȍ
ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȐ Ȉ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘțȧ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȓȐȓȖ-
ȊȣȔȐ ȓȐșȚȒȈȔȐ ǶȌȐȕ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȔȈȚȖ-
ȊȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒȓȧȚȊȣ
ǷțȉȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ș ȈȓȟȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ

181
ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȔȐ ȟȈȠȒȐ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ ȉȖȒȈȓȣ ȔȈȏȈȋȘȈȕȈ ȓȈ-
ȒȍȐ ȋȓȈȏȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȐȕȧ ȘȖȚ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ șȈȓȜȍȚȖȒ ȉȈ-
ȘȣȠȕȧ-ȒȈșșȐȘȠȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȕȈȗțȌȘȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȠȍȦ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ — ȗȘȖȔȧȔȓȐȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȑ
șȚȈȓ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȗȘȍȑșȒțȘȈȕ-
ȚȈ
— Ǩȝ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȥȚ— ȕȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ ȘȖȏȣ ȔȖȐȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȐȌȍȚȍ ȕȈ Țț țȓȐȞț ȧ ȗȖȑȌț ș ȊȈȔȐ — ȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ǷȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȈ Ȑ ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȓȦȉȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ǰ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȟȈșȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȖȒȕȈ-
ȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȐ șȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȔȋȓȈ ȏȈȊȖ-
ȓȖȒȓȈ ȐȔ ȗțȚȤ ǹȕȍȋ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȝȓȖȗȤȧȔȐ ȊȓȈȎȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȚȍȗȓȣȔȐ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȏȐȔȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȈ-
șȚțȗȐȓȈ ȖȚȚȍȗȍȓȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȖȒțȚȈȊ țȓȐ-
Ȟȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȦ ǺțȔȈȕ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȖȋȕȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ — Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȏȣȉȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȕȖ dzȦȌȐ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓț-
ȔȘȈȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈȔ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ ȖȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ
ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȏȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȑ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȉțȒȍȚ Ȑȏ
ȘȖȏ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕȈ ǶȕȐ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ǵȐȞȞȣ ȚȖȔȕȣȝ țșȚȈȓȣȝ ȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗț-
ȚȐ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ Ȑ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ-
ȓȐ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ șȖȉȖȘ Ȑ țȎȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ
ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑȏ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȊȣȘȖșȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȦȎȈȧ
ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȐȔ ȌȖȘȖȋț
— ǪȈȔ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȋȘțȉȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗș-
ȊȍȚȐȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȌȊțȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ
— ǵȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȖșȚ Ȕȣ ȐȌȍȔ Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȚțȌȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ Ȑ
șȍȘȌȐȚȖ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖ-
șȚț șȚȖȐȚ ȖȚȘȧȌ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȜțȘȋȖȕ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ

182
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔșȒȐȑ ȘȖȚ-
ȔȐșȚȘ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȌț-
ȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ. — DzȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ" Ǩ"
— ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȉȣȚȤ
ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ— ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȈș
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȖșȚ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȠȐȉ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ǫȍ-
ȕȐȈȔȐȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ș ȘȖȏȈȔȐ
— ǶȉȣșȒȈȚȤ Ȑȝ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚ ș ȘȣȎȐȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȓȐȝȖ ȏȈȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ
Ƞțȉț ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕȈ ȔȖȓȊȐȊ
— ǸȈȏȌȍȊȈȑșȧ ȉȈȘȐȕ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȣșȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȕȈȌȍȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȊȓȈȎȕȣȍ Ƞțȉȣ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ
șȔȍȧșȤ
— ǵț ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȑȚȍ ǮȐȊȖ ǴȈȘȠ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚșȒȖȔț ȋȖȊȖȘț Ȑ șȔȍȝț ȏȊțȟȈȊȠȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
șȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖșȚ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȊȏȌȘȈ-
ȋȐȊȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȠȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
— ǴȖȐ ȘȖȏȣ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȖȥȚ Ȑ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȍȎȕȖ-Ȉȓȣȍ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț
— Ǵȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ —
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ — ȕȈș ȗȘȖȗțșȚȧȚ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǿțȋțȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚ
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȍȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȖ-
ȕȍȚ ȍȑ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ
ǹȕȍȋ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȐȌȚȐ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȘȐșȚȣȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ ȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȓțȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȦ
ȗȍȓȍȕȖȦ ǶȚ ȍȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ ȓțȟȐȓșȧ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȍ-
ȋȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ șȚȍȕȈȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȈȌȈȓȖ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȧ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ — ȋȈȘ-
ȔȖȕȐȧ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
— ǬȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȖȥȚ — ȇȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ
ȖȌȕȐ șȍȑȟȈș: ȎȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȖȎ-

183
Ȍȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ — Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍȏȘȐȔȖ ȧ
șȓȣȠț ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȊȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȦȡȐȍ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȖȋȖ ȝȖȘȈ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ ǿțȋțȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ
ȖȚȘȧȌ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȝȈȓȐ ș ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȠȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȚ ȓțȕȣ
ǮȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȓ
șȚȍȕȍ ȕȈȍȝȈȊ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȖȉȌȈȓȐ ȐȔ ȓȐȞȈ șȊȖȐȔ
ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȐșȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ
ȏȈȗȈȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ
— ȅȑ Ȋȣ DzțȌȈ ȗȘȍȚȍ" — ȋȈȘȒȕțȓ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔ Ȋ
ȠȈȗȒȍ șȢȍȝȈȊȠȍȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ
— ǵȈȔ — ȕȈ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț — șȒȈȏȈȓ țȋȘȦȔȖ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ Ȑ
ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȕȖ-
ȋȈȔȐ
— ǷȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȒȈ Ȟȍȓȣ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔ — ȌȈ
ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȑȚȍ Ȉ ȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȢȍȌȍȚ ǷȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȑȚȍ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ— șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ
ȖȚ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȒȈȠȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȍȚ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ— șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȔ ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ
ȥȚȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȓțȕȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ǫșȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ,
țȔȍȘȓȐ ǵȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȗȋȕȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ
Ȓ ȋȓțȝȐȔ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȏȊțȒȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
— ǹȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȍȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ
șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȧ
— Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ — ȗțȠȒȐ
ǷȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǶȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘ
— ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȔȈ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȊȍșȍȓȖ
ȗȖȥȚ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȍȚȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȚȖȒ ȗȖșȍȘȍȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ
ȐȕȍȍȔ Ȑ ȓțȕȖȦ
— ǬȈ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȔȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȘȕȍȍȚ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ"
— Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" ȇ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț

184
— ǷȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȉțȓȤȊȈȘ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȎȍȕ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȣ
— ǩȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȣ
— ǶȝȖȚȈ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȍȘțȕȌȖȑ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȔȐȘȕȖ"
— ǵȖ ȕȈș-ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȧȚ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ
— ǮȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
— ǺȖ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ Ȉ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȧȚ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ"
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘț ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȖȕȐ
țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȣ Ȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖ-
Ȏȍȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȧȡȐȒȈȔȐ
ȔțșȖȘȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȑ șȕȍȋȖȔ ǯȈ ȥȚȖȦ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤȦ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐ-
ȊȈȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ Ȑȕȣȍ ș ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ
— DzȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ Ȓ ȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȍȓȧȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȘȈțȕȐȕ-
ȋȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ
— Ǵȣ — ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȑ
— ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ Ȕȣ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ
ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ— ǶȘțȎȐȧ ț ȕȈș ȕȍȚ
— ǶȘțȎȐȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ — ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǹȍ-
Ȕȍȕ ǬȈȑȚȍ ȐȔ ȗȖ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋț
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǯȈȟȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ, ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ, ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȐ" ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ"
— Ǩȝ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȓ. — ȇ șȧȌț ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ
— Ǫșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ — ȥȚȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȧ Ȉ ȕȈȔ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
ȗȖȌȖȑȌțȚ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȈȓȐȚȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ǰ Ȋȣ ȚȖȎȍ
— Ǩ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȝȔțȘȧșȤ
— ǪȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȒȈȒȖȑ ǿȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌț
ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
— ǵȈȚȍ ȊȖȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ
ȒțȘȚȒȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȐȊȣȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȍȔ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȔ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ Ȑ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕț ȗȖ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋț dzțȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȗ-

ȓȈ ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ șȍȘȣȑ ȠȍȓȒ ǵȈ-
șȚțȗȐȓȐ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȟȈșȣ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕț Ȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ șȐȌȧȚ ȏȈ
ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǹȍ-
Ȕȍȕ ȕȈ ȒȘȐȊȣȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Țȧȕțȓ ȒȖȕȤȧȒ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȣȠȒȈ
ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȑ ȌȘțȎȐȕȕȐȒ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȤ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȓȈȏȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȉȍȓȖȦ ȗȍȘȍȊȧ-
ȏȤȦ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȌȖșȒȈ ȎȐȊȖȗȐș-
ȕȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȍ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ ȊȖȌȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȒ ȊȖȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȔȧȚȍȎȈ..
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ — șțȝȖ Ȑ ȟȍȚȒȖ
— ǵȈ ȔȍșȚȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȑ ǰ Țȍ
ț ȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘțȎȤȧ șȚȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȖȑ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȖ Ȑ ȌȣȔȐȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȘțȌȣ șȕȍȋȈ Ȑ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȘȍșȒ Ȑ ȌȣȔ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȞȖȒȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȚȖ ȚțȗȖ țȌȈȘȧȧșȤ Ȗ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌț șȖȓȌȈȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȗțȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǹȍȔȍȕ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ ș ȉȈȘ-
ȘȐȒȈȌȣ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ǹȍȔȍȕț Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
—ǿȚȖșȊȈȔȐ"Ǩ"
ǵȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǹȍȔȍȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ
Ƕȕ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ
ȌțȠȐȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ǷȖȥȚ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȗȐ-
ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ ǷȘȈȊȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȌȍȘȋȈȓȈșȤ ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȓȈȏȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȉȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȒȖȦ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȊ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȕȍȎȕȖ
«ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȈ»

186
I
Ǵȍȕȧ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȈȍ ǪȍșȍȕȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȓȐȧȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț Ȑ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȧ șȐȓȣ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț Șȍ-
ȠȐȓșȧ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȈȘȍșȚȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ
Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȓȈȕȈȔ ǷȖșȓȍ șȗȍȒ-
ȚȈȒȓȧ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȍȍ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȊ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖȏț
ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ ȋȌȍ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȓ ȍȍ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȑ ȟȈș
DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȋȓȧ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȘȣȟȈ Ȑ șȚțȟȈ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȚȢȍȏȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȎȈȕ-
ȌȈȘȔșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘȣ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȌȖȔȈ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȧ ȌȖ-
ȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ț ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȉȣșȒ.

187
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ ǻȎȖ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ șȣȡȐȒȐ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ
DzȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȎțȚȒȖȍ ȖșȚȘȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȠȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ-
Ȍȧȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȌȍȚ ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȊȣșȓȍȎȐȊȈȧ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȊȖȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȧȊȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȔț ȉȓȦșȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȣȡȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȗțșȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖș-
ȚȐȋ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȔ ȕȈȐȚȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ șȈȔȈ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȇ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȧȔ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȕȍțȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȈȧ
șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ ȈȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȖșȗȍȚȈȧ ȗȖȥȚȈȔȐ ©ȉȍȏȕȖșȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈ-
ȊȐȞȈ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȈȧ ȒȈșȚȈȕȤȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȖșȚȍȑª ©Ǫ șȣȡȐȒȍ — ȌțȔȈȓ
ȧ, — țȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȌțȠȐ Ƕȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȖȘțȌȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȑ ȘȈȉ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǵȐȟȚȖ».
ǰȚȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȔȟȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȉȍȓȈȧ
ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȋț-
ȟȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȌȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȖȘȈ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȘȈș-
șȍȧȕȕȖ șȚțȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ — Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȐȓȣȔ Ȑ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ — șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ țȗȈ-
ȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ ȉțȌț ȊȖ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȟțȎȌȣȝ Ȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ Ȕȕȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ȠȊȍȑ-
ȞȈȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȖ
ȔȖȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ țȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȍ ȋȖșȚȐ
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȖȘȖȋ Ȕȍȕȧ șȝȊȈȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȌȊȈ ȌȦȎȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ Ȑ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ,
ȏȊȍȕȧ ȠȗȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȍȚ ȓȐ
ȗȘȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ ȉț-
ȔȈȋț șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȉȣșȒ Ȋ
ȔȖȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȌȈșȚ ȖȉȣșȒ ȇ ȏȈȉȓȈȋȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
țȌȈȓȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȔȗȘȖȔȍȚȐȘțȦȡȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȒț-
ȔȍȕȚȣ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ Ȕȕȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȈȉȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖ-
șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȖ ȕȍ :ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȐȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȔȖȍȔț șȍȘȌȞț
șȚȘȖȒ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȕțȎȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔ ǪȓȈșȚȐ

189
ǸȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȋȕȍȊȈ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȦ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ țȕȐȏȐȚ ȔȖȍ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚ-
ȊȖ ȐȉȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȧȧ șȐȓȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȖȊ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȐȔ țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ, ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȗȐ-
șȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓ Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚ-
ȘȈ ǵȈș ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ șȖ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȚȖȘȈȔȐ ǷȖ ȔȖȐȔ
ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȔ Ȕȣ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȈșȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȞț ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ — ȟȈȝȓȣȑ șȈȌ
ȏȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȌȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊȣȝ ț ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ Ȑ șȐȏȣȝ ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȘȒțȧ ȗȖșȚțȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȓȈȗȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔț ȒȈȘȕȐ-
ȏț ǩȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȑșȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȚȐȚ țȓȣȉȟȐȊȖ Ȑ
ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȐ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕ ȌȊȖȘ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȚșȧ Ȋ
șȊȖȐȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈȝ ȟȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ
țȋȖȌȕȖ Ȉ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȍȌțȚ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈȗȘțȚ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȐȓȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ șȖȏȕȈȦȚ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ șȚțȟȈ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȘȧȞȈȧ ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ ȊȊȍȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ țȏȒȐȑ ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȌțȠȕȣȑ Ȑ șȔȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ ȇ ȖșȚțȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȔȖȐ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ-
ȚȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȋȖ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤ ǴȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȗȖȉȍȋȍ
ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȠȈȋȖȊ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ Ǫȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈȌȏȐȘȈȚȍȓȤ ǷȘȐ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȧ ȕȍ țș-
ȗȍȓ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȇ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ
ȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȋț
— ǯȌȍșȤ ǺȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȊȖȑȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǺȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȏȈșȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȓțȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ Ȑ ȧ ȖȟțȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ǷȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȋ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȍȕȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠȈȧ ȔȖȦ
ȒȈȔȍȘț ȖȚ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ,

190
ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȅȚȐȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ.
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȚȈȓ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑ-
ȕțȦ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȝ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ǬȓȐȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȘȈȊȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȟȍȚȣ-
ȘȍȔ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȠȈȋȈȔ ȀȐȘȐȕȈ ȌȊțȔ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ Ǫ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȍȋȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȘȍȔȕȧȔȐ Ȓ ȔȍȌȕȣȔ ȒȘȦȒȈȔ
ȊȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ șȚȍȕț DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȉȣȓ
șȚȖȓ Ȑ șȚțȓ
ǰȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȒȈȔȍȕȕțȦ ȖȋȘȈȌț
Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤ șȈȌȈ Ȑ țȋȖȓ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȍȚȝȖȋȖ ǹȚȍȕȣ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ Ȗȝ-
ȘȖȦ ǵȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ șȚȍȕȈ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȈ DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȞȈȘȈȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ
ȏȕȈȒȐ ȗȖȓțșȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȒȖȕȞȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ țȏȕȐȒȈ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȋ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖȔ
ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȧșȤ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ
II
ǬȕȐ ȘȖȎȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ
ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ șȒȘȍȎȍȚ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȏȈșȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍ-
Șț ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ș ȒȐȗȧȚȒȖȔ Ȑ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȊȕȖ-
șȐȓȐ ȗȐȡț ȇ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȓȐ
ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȉ ȗȖȒȈ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ǵȖȊȣȑ ǯȈȊȍȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗȖȓțȏȈ-
ȉȣȚȣȍ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ șțȍȚȍ
ǵȖ, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȐȌȐȔțȦ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȐȔ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐ-
ȒȈȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ

191
ȊȕȖȊȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȐȘ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌț ǰ ȧ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȗȓȈȕ ȗȖȉȍȋȈ
Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȍȕ Ǫ Ȑȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȟȈșȣ
ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȠȈȋȈȔ ȟȈșȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȐȓȐ ȊȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȖȒȕȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȐȧ
ǭȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȟȈșȈ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȑȏ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȣ ȌȈȉȣ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕțȦ țșȚȈ-
ȊȖȔ Ǫ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȐȒȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț ȟȈșȖȊȣȝ ȗȖ
ȒȘțȋț ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȕ-ǫȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ș ȌȐȊȕȖȑ
șȐȓȖȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș ȕȍȊȖȓȐ — ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȈȘȍșȚȈȕȚȖȊ ȕȈ
ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȍ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȕȍȉȖ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȔȐȘ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȚȘȐ ȖȒȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ
ȚȦȘȤȔȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țșȈȌȤȉȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȑ ȏȈȉȖȘ ș ȋȊȖȏȌȧȔȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȏȈ-
ȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ
ȚȘȍȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț Ȑ, ȝȖȚȧ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȧ
Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țșȗȍȓ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȑȏ ȖȒ-
ȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȍȍ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȇ șȔțȚȕȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȍșȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ ǰ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ
ȇ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȓ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǿȈșȖȊȣȝ
ȔȍȕȧȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ǵȈ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȈșȖ-
ȊȖȑ ǷȘȐ ȊȝȖȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȌȊȖȍ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȎțȘȐȓȖ ț
ȊȖȘȖȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȍ
ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǩȣȓ ȓȐ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ" ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ" ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ ȔȖȋ ȓȐ ȧ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ
șȐȓȣ ȖȚ ǶșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ" ǰȔȍȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȘȈș-
șȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȕțȎȕȣ ǸȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ?
ǰȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈș șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȐ
țȏȣ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ Țȍșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȍ
ȟȍȔ țȏȣ ȗȈȘȚȐȑȕȖȑ șȖȓȐȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȕ-

192
ȟȐȓșȧ ȖȉȣșȒ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ
țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ș ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ©ȇ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ — ȗȐșȈ-
ȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȍȟȐȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȕȍȘȊȣ.
ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȕȈȔ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ».
©ǿȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ ³ȕȈȔ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ´"ª — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ.
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȐ ȓȖȔȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȤ șȔȣșȓ
ȥȚȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈȝ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȟȐș-
ȓȈȝ ȐȦȕȧ
 ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȈȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ Ȕȕȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȌȣ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȚȈȔ ȋțȓȧȦȡȐȝ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧșȕȣȍ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐ-
ȓȐ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ șȚȍȕ.
ǵȖ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ țȌȐȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȋțȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȗȖ șȈȌț ȊȣȏȊȈ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǰȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓȐ ȉȍșȗȘȐȟȐȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
ȊȣȘȈȎȈȧ ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț Ȑȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȗȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȈȘțȦ ȓȐȗț
Ȑ țșȍȓșȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ șțȒț Ȋ ȗȖȏȍ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȋȖ țȕȣȕȐȧ DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ Ȓ ȞȈȘșȚȊț ȗȍȘ-
ȕȈȚȣȝ ȇ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ
ȚȦȘȤȔȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȍ ș ȌȖȔȖȔ
țȔȈȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȝ ǷȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȌȊțȝ ȖșȖȉ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ȌȈȔȣ
 ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȊȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȋțȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȗȖ șȈȌț țȒȘȍȗȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȋțȓȧȦȚ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȘȈȟȍȉȕȖȋȖ
ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȓȈ— ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȌȏȐȘȈȚȍȓȐ
ǭȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖȗȖȓțȌȕȐ ȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ Ȑȏ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȏȈ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȉȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȓț-

193
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ șțȌȤ-
ȉț ǹȘȍȌȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Țț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȟȐȚȈȓ șȈȔȣȔ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȖ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȦ
ȕȍȊȍșȚț ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȈȘȍșȚ Ȑ
ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȕȣȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȕȍȘ-
Ȋȣ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒțȦ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞț
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚțȟȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌ-
Ȓȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ
ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ
Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ©ȇ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȍȟȐȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȕȍȘȊȣ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ
ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ».
— ǵȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȊȧȏȐ ȥȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ
Ȋ șȈȌț ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȍȟȍȉ-
ȕȐȞȣ" — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȔȐȕțȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ ȚȖ-
ȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ
ȗȓȈȚȖȒ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ țșȓȖȊ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈȝ Ǩ
ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ țȊȍȓȐ Ȑȏ șȈ-
ȌȈ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ țȟȈ-
șȚȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȧ ș
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȈȓ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȖȌȕț ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȗȈșȕțȦ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉȣș-

194
ȒȐȊȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ ȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȓșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȎȐȓȍȚȈ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȒț ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȕȖȎȈ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȕțȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȐȘȗȐȟ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ șȒȖȉȣ ȏȈșȖȊȈ ȇ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ Țȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȈȘȍșȚȈȕȚȖȊ ȐȓȐ țȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ǸȈȉȖȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȠȈȋȈȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ǵȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ Ȑȏ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȐȘȗȐȟ ȇ ȊȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȕțȚȤ ǷȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȔ,
ȗȧȚȐ Ȍȕȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȖ — ȗȍȘȊȖȍ
Ȑȏ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ Ǩ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȑ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ
ȗțȚȐ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘȖȔ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȈȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ șȍȒȘȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ Ȑ țȗȖȘȕȣȝ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȖșȟȍȘȒȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉțȒȊ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ ș ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȕȈȎȐȔȖȔ ǹȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȥȚȐ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȘȧȌȒȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȧ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ șȓȖȊ ǰ ȗȘȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȟȚȍȕȐȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ ȇ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖșȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȧ ȕȍ țșȊȖȐȓ ȒȓȦȟȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ Ȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ, ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ Țȍ ȉțȒȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȣ ȕȈȎȐȔȖȔ Ȉ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȍ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȔȖȑ ȖȗȣȚ țȊȍȕȟȈȓșȧ țșȗȍȝȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ș ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ©ǵȈȉȓȦȌȈȦ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ șȐȔț-
ȓȐȘțȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȕțȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ǫȖȚȖȊȤ-
ȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȋț».
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ ȏȖȊțȚ ȔȖȦ ȕȍȊȍșȚț

195
III
ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȧ
țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȟȈșȖȊȣȍ ț ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȋȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȋțȓȧȦȡȐȝ Ȋ șȈȌț ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞȣ
ǪȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ Ȑ Țȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ
ȒȈȔȍȘȈȝ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȖȉȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȖȚ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ ȌȖ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ
ȠȈȋȖȊ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ șȚȖȧȓ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ
ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȔȕȖȑ ȠȐȜȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ ȗȖȌȘțȋȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǰȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ țȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȌ-
Ȓțȗȓȍȕ dzȐȠȤ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȎȈȎȌȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȕțȠȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȥȚȖȚ ȗȓȈȕ ȗȖȉȍȋȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȣ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȈșȖȊȣȍ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ț ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ" ǵȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȋț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǸȈșȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȊ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȧ
ȗȘȖȟȍȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ «ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ȌȈșȚ ȏȕȈȒ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȣȚȈȑȚȍșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǿȈșȖȊȖȑ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȗȖȌȒțȗȓȍȕ ǵȈ țȋ-
ȓț ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ».
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ
ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ Ǵȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ǰ ȧ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȈȓ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȖȚ șȚȖȗȣ ȌȖ ȉȍȌȘȈ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȍȍ ȧ ȊȖȓȕțȦ-
ȡȍȍ ǵȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȧ
Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖȕȟȈȚȤ ȏȈȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ
țȘȖȒ Ȉ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȈȝȓȖ șȍȕȖȔ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȐ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȧȊȕțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȕȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȧ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ
ȗȖȉȍȋ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȐȋȘț ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȈȘȍșȚȈ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ ȕȍ ȠțȚȧȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȧȋȕțȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȇ
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȈ-

196
ȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ dzȐȠȤ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ șȓțȋȐ șțȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȓȈȟȐ Ǩ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈ-
ȡȐȡȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȦȘȤȔț Ȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ șțȚȤ șȓȍȗȣȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ǺȍȔȕȖȑ
ǹȐȓȣ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȦ
ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȋ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ș ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȈȌț ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞȣ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȍȚ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȐȓȈ
ȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȟȈșȣ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȔ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȐ
ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȗ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ șȖ ȎȋțȟȍȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ
ǻȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ Ȋ ȈȓȖȔ
ȗȓȈȚȒȍ ȕȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ șȈ-
Ȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȝȕțȚȤ ȌȈȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ
ȏȕȈȒ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȋț ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ǭȌȊȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȈȌț Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȧ Ȑ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȈȕȐȈȒȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
 Ȑ șȖȘȊȈȓȈ Ȉȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ș
ȗȓȍȟ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǺȡȍȚȕȖ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȔȖȧ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ
ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ǩȖȓȤȕȈȧ țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȓȤȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȧȘȒȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȍȍ ȋȕȍȊ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȏȐȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȊȔȍȠȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ șȗȖȘ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȧ
ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ
ǵȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȠȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȕȕȍ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ
ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ
ǺȘȐ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȏȈșȖȊȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȞȍȔȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȚȤ Ȑȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȓȦ-
ȉțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȇ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ǷȘȐȕȧȊ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȉȍȋȈ ǷȖȋȖȌȈ Ȑș-
ȗȖȘȚȐȓȈșȤ ǷȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȓȈȕț ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȊȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȖȕȞț Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǿȈșȖȊȖȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȉȣȓ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȇ ȊȣȎȌȈȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ țȋȓȈ ǬȊȈ ȒȐȘ-
ȗȐȟȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȕȖȑ țȎȍ ȊȣȕțȚȣ Ȑȏ șȚȍȕȣ Ǫ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ

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ȓȍȎȈȓ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȘȦȒ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ șȚȍȕȣ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈȔ
ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȒȐȘȗȐȟ
ȗȘȖșțȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓ ȏȈșȖȊ
ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȚțȒȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ, Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȇ ȊȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȒȐȘ-
ȗȐȟ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȒȈȔȍȘț ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ Ǫ șȍȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȕȐȠȈ ȇ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȑ
ȊȣȎȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȉȍȋȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ǴȐȔȖ
ȕȐȠȐ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ǴȖȧ
ȒȈȔȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ǸȈșȟȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȕȖ ȧ țȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǿȈșȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ
Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȖȕȞȍ ȇ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑȏ
ȔȖȍȑ ȏȈșȈȌȣ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȒ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ȓ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔț ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȦ ȧ ȏȈȚȈȐȓ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ țȎȈșȈ ȖȉȎȍȋ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȕț Dz
ȔȖȍȔț ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔț ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȦ șȖȓȌȈȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ
ȔȖȍȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȇ ȌȖ șȐȝ
ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ Ƕȟȍ-
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȧȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ș ȗȖȉȍȋȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑȓ-
ȓȦȏȐȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȊȠȍȑ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȗȈșȍȕ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȘȈȏ ǵȖ țȊȣ — Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ ǪȣȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȖȊȣȝ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȦ Ȓ ȌȊȖȘȐȒț Ȍȓȧ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȋțȓȖȒ ǿȈșȖȊȣȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȉ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȎȍșȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȓ
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȍȚ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȦ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȚȘȐ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȠȈȋȈ Ȑ ȌȖ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ șȍȔȤ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǻ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȒțȗȓȍȕ Ȉ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȖȉȐȓȤ

198
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȖȧ Ȋ ȕȐȠȍ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȖȑ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ ȕȈȌȏȐȘȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȜțȘȈȎȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȋȊȖȏȌȍ Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȐȋ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȜțȘȈȎȒț Ȑ ȗȓȈȡ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȈ-
ȗȦȠȖȕ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȓȈȕ ȔȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ
Ȁȍȓ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȕȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ©ǿȈșȖȊȣȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȋ-
ȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊțȧ ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ Ȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȟȈșȖȊȣȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ
Ȋ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ țȕȣȓȣȝ ȗȖȏȈȝ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȧșȤ
ȇ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȐȒȓȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȝȘȖȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȌȏȐȘȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ

199
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȈȔȍȘț ȇ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌȒț Ȑ ȚȘȧșțȡțȦșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ țȗȖȘ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȓȖȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǩȘȖȊȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȚȣ ȘȖȚ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȡ Ȑ eȋȖ
ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ș Ȕȍȕȧ
ȥȚȖȚ ȗȓȈȡ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤșȧ ǰȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȧ șȎȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈ-
ȕȍ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȘȦȒ ȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȋȖȓȖșț ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȒȘȦȒ Ȉ Șȍ-
ȉȘȖȔ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȕȈȖȚȔȈȠȤ țȌȈȘȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖ Ƞȍȍ Ƕȕ
țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȖ țșȗȍȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ
— ǬȍȘȎȐ ȍȋȖ ǬȍȘȎȐ
ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȖ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț țȎȈșț ȕȈȗȍȘȍȘȍȏ Ȕȕȍ
ȉȍȎȈȓ șȖȓȌȈȚ ș ȘțȎȤȍȔ ȅȚȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț Ȑ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȖȊțȚ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȔ
ǹȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȍȔț ȊȌȘțȋ:
— ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ȅȚȖ ȧ ȅȚȖ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ ȅȚȖ șȗȈșȓȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȘțȎȤȍ ǪȣȉȍȎȈȊ Ȑȏ
ȊȖȘȖȚ ș ȘțȎȤȍȔ ȧ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȒȘȐȒ ȕȈȌȏȐȘȈȚȍȓȧ ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ ȜțȘȈȎȒȈ Ȑ
ȘțȎȤȍ șȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ș ȚȖȓȒț ȇ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȍȔț
— ǺțȌȈ ǺțȌȈ
ǰ Ȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț ȊșȓȍȌ ȊȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȈȍȔȖȔț ȉȍȋȓȍȞț Ǵȣ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȕȈș Ȑ ȋțȓȒȐȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ.
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ țșȈȌȤȉț ȌȘȖȊȧȕȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ Ȏȍș-
ȚȈȔȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȔȕȐȔȖȋȖ ȉȍȋ-
ȓȍȞȈ ș ȌȊțȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǫȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ șȓȍȗȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȗȖȔ-
ȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ Ȉ ȧ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȌȊȖȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȖ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȦ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȏȈȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ Ȓțȟț ȌȘȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ
ȒȖȓȖȌȍȞ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȚțȌȈ ȗȓȈȡ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕțȦ ȜțȘȈȎȒț Ȑ ȘțȎȤȍ
Ǫ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȍȘȕțȚȈȧ ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȠȓȧȗȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ țș-
ȗȍȓ ȍȍ ȕȈȌȍȚȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ — ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȉ
Ȓ ȏȈȉȖȘț Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ

201
ȒȘțȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐ-
ȓȍ ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ" ǵȈ țȋȓț ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ
ȌȍȕȤ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȉȍȋȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ
țȎȈș Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȔȖȐ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȚȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ
ȘȍȒȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȗȖ ȋȓȐȕȍ ǬȖȎȌȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȧȧ ȏȈȘȧ
ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȍȉȈ ȌȐȊȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ǩȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȓȦȌ-
ȕȖ ǰ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȊȓȈȋȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȔț Ȋ
șȔȘȈȌȕȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ
ȊȐȕȈ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȧ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ǵȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ȇ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒț ș ȌȘȖȊȈȔȐ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ
ȗȓȣȓ Ȋ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȒ ȚȧȕțȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȒȖ Ȍȕț ȇ ȗȓȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ
ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȧ Ȋȓȍȏ ȕȈ
ȉȈȘȒț ș ȌȘȖȊȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȕȍȑ șȗȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș
ȊșȒȓȖȒȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȈȘȒȐ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ Ȑ ȓȍȋ ȚȈȔ
ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȇ
ȗȘȖșȗȈȓ ȚȈȔ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ, ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȇ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȘȖȎ
ȗȤȧȕ Ȑ șȗȐȚ șȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ Ȕȕȍ
ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȍ țȉȍȎȐȡȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ
ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȕȍȊȍșȚț ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȚȖșȒțȧ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ. Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȧ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ȚȖȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ Ȗȕ șȔțȡȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȍ
— ǺȊȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȈ ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȖȕȈ
— Ǻȣ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ. — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧ. — ǶȕȈ țȔȍȘ-
ȓȈ" ǬȈ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ țȊȍȘȧȦ Țȍȉȧ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȈ ǵȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ

ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȐȞȍ ȟȚȖ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȚȦȘȤȔȖȑ ȋȌȍ Țȣ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȈ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȉȍȋț — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ
— ǵȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȌȈȓșȧ țșȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȈ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ǶȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ
ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȧ țȉȤȦȚ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȣ ȕȍȘȊȣ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ șȐȓ Ȑ ȖȕȈ...
— ǹȖȠȓȈ ș țȔȈ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓ țȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȖȋ
ȇ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȖȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍ-
ȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ.
ǵȖ — țȊȣ — ȖȕȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǶȕȈ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȐȔ Ȑ ȉȍșȍȌțȍȚ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ș ȕȐȔ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȍȍ
țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȚ ȍȍ Ȉ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȑ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț șȐȌȐȔ ș ȕȍȑ ȚȖ Ȋ șȈȌȐȒȍ St-Germain-des-
Ǹȋps ȚȖ șȓțȠȈȍȔ ȖȘȋȈȕ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ St.-Sulpice, ȚȖ ȍȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȝȖȌȐȒȍ Ȋ St.-Cloud; ȧ ȌȍȘȎț ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȍȑ Ȗ ȓȦȉ-
ȊȐ ȔȖȍȑ Ȕȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȧ
ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȘ Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ. ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ
ȗȖȓțșȕȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȈȧ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȘȖȒȓȐ-
ȕȈȦ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȋ ȔȖȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
Ǩ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȚȐȝȖ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ! ǴȐȓȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ...

203
ȂǮǺǮǾȊ
I
DzȖȋȌȈ ǵȐȓ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
țȚțȟȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ șȚȈȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȓȍȚȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ,
ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ Ȉȓȣȑ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȓȣȊȈȍȚ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȈ
ȜȈȘȈȖȕȈ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ǰȏȐȌȣ ǵȍȏȘȐȔȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȦȎȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȍș Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ǭȋȐȗȍȚșȒțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȧ dzȐȊȈȕȈ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝ ǫȈ-
ȌȖȘȈȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȏȍȕȍ șȊȖȍȑ ǸȍțȔȍ:
— ǷȖȘȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȘȖȌ-
ȕțȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȐȉȖ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ Ȧȋ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȒȓȐ ȏȈ
ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȖȔ ȘȈȉȣ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȍ
șȚȈȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȐ ș țȚȊȈȘȤȦ ș ȠȈȚȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȈ
ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȋȖ
ǺȈȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȣ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝ ȖȚ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ ȌȖ ǪȍȜȐ-
ȓȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ǩȖȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍȦ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȕȍș-
Țț ȋȌȍ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȉȐȚ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ
ǫȖșȗȖȌț ț ȌțȉȘȈȊȣ ǴȈȔȘȥ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǽȍȊȘȖȕȍ
ǩȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȠȍșȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ǰ ȉȣȓ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȓȖȋȖȊȐȡȈ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣ-
ȕȦ Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȍșȒȖȊ șȊȖȍȑ șțȌȤȉȣ ǰ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ șȐ-
ȓȍȕ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘ ǰ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔțȌȘ
ǮȍȕȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔȈ ǸȍțȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȈȕȤ ȐȓȐ șȍȘ-
ȕȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȞȍȓȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒțȌȘȐ ǸȍțȔȣ Ȑ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȘȌ Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȐ țȔȈȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȐȘȘȖȦ Ȑ ȍȓȍȍȔ
ǺȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȟȈșȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȠȈȚȘȍ șȊȖȍȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ǸȍțȔȈ ǵȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ ț ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǰ
ȥȚȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȐȓȖ Ȑȝ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȢȍȏȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȠȈȚȘȖȊ

204
Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ǪȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȔȐ ȝȖȓȔȈȔȐ Ȉ șȚȈȌȈ ȖȊȍȞ Ȑ ȒȖȏ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ
ȋțșȚȖȑ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȔȣȑ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ
ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȘțȒȖȦ ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȘȈȉȣ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ
ȠȈȚȘȣ șȕȈȘȧȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȐ Ȑ ȋȕȈȓȐ șȚȈȌȈ
ǺȖȕȒȖȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȊȞȣ ș ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȘȌȈȔȐ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȖȦ ȏȈ-
ȗȣȓȍȕȕȖȦ ȠȍȘșȚȤȦ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȈ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȧ ȊȖ-
ȗȓȧȔȐ ȗțșȚȣȕȕțȦ ȌȈȓȤ ǪȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȒȈȒ țȔțȌȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȠȈȋȈȓȐ ȔȖȚȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȣ ȝȓȖ-
ȗȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȐȟȈȔȐ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȖ țȕȣȓȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǵȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȓțȖȌȍȚȣȍ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ Ȋ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ
ȗȖȊȖȏȒȈȝ
ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ
«ǵȈ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȐ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚ-
ȊȈ" ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȔȖȍȔ ȞȈȘȧ ȐȓȐ ȒțȗȞȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-
șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ǶȕȐ șȒȈȎțȚ ³ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ Țȍȉȧ
ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ Ȑ Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȍȊȕțȝ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕ ȕȈ ȉȍcȗȓȖȌȐȍ”».
ǰ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ Ȑ țȚȍȠȈȓșȧ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ ǭȔț ȔȍȘȍȡȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ǸȍțȔȈ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ș ȒȘțȚȣȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȍȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǸȍțȔț ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȑ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȖȚ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ — ȒȘȐȒȐ
ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ șȓțȝȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȔȖȓȐȓ ǩȖȋȈ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ
ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓșȧ ȓȈȋȍȘȍȔ ǺȘȖȍ șțȚȖȒ
ȗȖ șȓȖȊț ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȈȓȐ ȘȈȉȣ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ǰ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȣșȐȓȖșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ,
ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ǩȖȋț ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȎȍȘȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȒȈȝ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȑ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝ șȈȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ Ȋșȍ-
șȖȎȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȧ ȚțȒȈ ȖȚȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȍȓȤȞȖȊ Ȑ ȖȊȕȖȊ
ǬȣȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓșȧ șȚȖȓȉȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȗțșȚȣȕȍȑ
ǰ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȟȈȠȐ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕțȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ ȍȍ ǵȍȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȔț
ǷȖȚȖȔ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȑ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ ȚȈȔ ǸȍțȔț Ȑ
ȊȖȏȓȍȎȈȓ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȓȖȎȍ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȓȈ-
ȋȍȘȍ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȉȣ Ȑ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȕȍȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȖ țȔȖȓȧȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǸȍțȔȍ ȏȈȟȈȚȐȍ
ǵȖ ǸȍțȔȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȗȓȖȌȕȖȑ

205
II
ǩȣȓȈ ț ǸȍțȔȣ ȘȈȉȣȕȧ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȈ ǵȈ
ȘȖȌȐȕȍ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǩțȉȈșȚȣ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȧ ȎȘȐȞȈȔ
șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȒțȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȒȖȔ ǬȍȊȖȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȑ DzȖȠȒȐ
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȉȖȋȐȕȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȓțȕȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍȑ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ țȌȈȓȧȓȈșȤ
ȖȚ ȠȈȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȧȔȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȖșȚȐȕȒȈ ș ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ, ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ș ȘțȒȈȔȐ, ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȒȊȍȘȝț
ǵȍȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȉȣȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȕȈ ǸȍțȔț ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ț ɎȈȔȈȘȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣ ȏȖȓȖȚț ȖȜȐȘ-
șȒȖȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ — șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈȔ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǶȏȐȘȐșȈ ȋțȉȣ — ȗțȘ-
ȗțȘț șȗȍȓȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈ ǰ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ǰ ȊȖȚ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǸȍțȔȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔț
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ ǪȖȑȌȐ ǫȈ-
ȌȖȘȈȈȔ Ȓ șȓțȎȈȕȒȍ ȔȖȍȑ ɎȈȔȈȘȐ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȈ ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȟȕȍȚ Ȑ ȘȖȌȐȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǰ Ȕȣ țșȣȕȖȊȐȔ ȍȋȖ.
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȠȈȚȍȘ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ǸȍțȔȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȓȖȎȍ șȖȎȋȓȈ ȉȓȖȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȍ
ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ Ȋ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȓ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔț ǰ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȞȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȖȔ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǸȍțȔȈ șȕȧȓȈ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ș ɎȈȔȈȘȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǫȈȌȖ-
ȘȈȈȔț
— ȅȚȈ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȓȐȦ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȈȧ ț ȕȍȍ ȒȖȎȈ ǰ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȕȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐ
Ȋ ȉȍȌȘȈȝ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ț șȚțȗȕȐ Ǩ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ɎȈ-
ȔȈȘȐ — ȒȈȒ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȖȕȐ Ǩ
ȒȈȒȐȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȋțȉȣ — Ȑȝ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖțȝȈȦȚ ǰ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖȕȐ ȠȍȗȟțȚ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ǪȖȑȌȐ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ Ȓ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȟȕȍȚ ȖȕȈ șȣȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ țșȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȑșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȧ
ȏȈȟȈȚȐȧ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȍȑ ǰ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȚȊȖȐ
ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȉțȌțȚ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǽȖȟț ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ

206
ȗțșȚȣȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȓțȕț ȍȌȐȕțȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Ǩ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣ ȏȔȍȐ Ȑ țșȚȈ Ȑȝ
ȋȖȘȤȒȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȣȕȤ
ǵȖ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔț ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ «ǷțșȚȤ
ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǺȍȔ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȍȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȚ șȍȔȍȕȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ț
ȕȍȍ șȣȕ».
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǸȍțȔȈ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔȈ
Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȠȈȚȘȈ
ǰ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ǰ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ȠȈȚȘȈ
ǵȖ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȓȖȎȍ ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȦ ǰ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȍȍ ǰ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
III
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȣȌȈȓȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— ǪȖȚ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ ȍȍ șȟȈșȚȐȍȔ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȈȧ ȎȈȎȌȍȚ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȐȧ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȠȈȚȘȖȔ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȧȓȈ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈ Ȑ Ȏȍȕț ȍȋȖ ǸȍțȔț ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȈȒ
ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ ș ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȖȗȐȓȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǸȍțȔȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔț
— ǩȘȖșȐȔ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒț ǶȕȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ǶȌȕȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȈșȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȊȍȞ ȗȈșȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȕȍȍ.
Ǫșȍ ȚȐȠȍ Ȑ ȚȐȠȍ ȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ ȉȐȟȐ; țȎȍ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȣȠȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȗȍșȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȊ țȎȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȘȍȊ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ
ȖȚ ȉȓȍȧȕȤȧ ȖȊȍȞ; ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ șȚȍȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ șȊȖȍ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȓțȕȣ.
ǰ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǰ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȖȟȤ — Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȒȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȓȕȣ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ ǰ ȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ

207
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ț ȕȍȍ șȣȕ — ǰȏȔȈȐȓ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ
ȕȈ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔȈ ǰ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔțȎȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ șȖ șȚȈȌȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ
ȗȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȈșȚțȝ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȡȍȓ-
ȒȈȚȤ ȉȐȟȖȔ
ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȍȑ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǰȏȔȈȐȓȈ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ
ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ
ǰ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȉȖȋȐȕȍ ȟȚȖȉ ȖȕȈ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǵȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȉ ǰȏȔȈȐȓ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȉ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȍȋȖ ǼȈȔȈȘȐ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤ
ǰ șȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ ȖȚȘȖȒȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȔțȡȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȒțȗȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐ-
Ȓȍ ǰ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǰȏȔȈȐȓ ț ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȊȖȍȑ
— ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȘȖȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȖȊȞȣ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȏȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȦȚșȧ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȎȐȊțȚ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȔȐ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ"
ǺȖȋȌȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— dzȦȌȐ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȈ
ȕȍȉȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȣȕ ȔȖȑ Ȑ Țȣ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȐșȚțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ Țȣ ȘȖȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ǰȏȔȈȐȓ — ǯȈ-
ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȌțȘȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠțȦ
ȏȊȍȏȌȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
— ȅȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ǫȈȌȖȘȈȈȔ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȔȕȖȑ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ «ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ»?
— Ƕȕ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȣȕ ȔȖȑ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȞȍȓțȍȔșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ — ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȍȠȤ Țȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȣȕ ȔȖȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ǰ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȐȓșȧ ǰȏȔȈȐȓ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȍ-
șȒȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȓțȕț Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȊȖȍȑ ɎȈȔȈȘȐ
ǰ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȠȈȚȘȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ǰȏȔȈȐȓȍ ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȗȐȚ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ ȖȚȘȖȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ

ȍȍ ȕȖȋȈȔ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ
ǰ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗȕ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ɎȈȔȈȘȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȚȐȝȖ
— dzȦȉȓȦ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȓȦȉȓȦ
IV
ǺȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ —
Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
Ȋ ǹțȘț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȍȑ ȕȍȒȚȖ
ǰ ȖȕȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ" ǵȍ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ ȓȐ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ǩțȉȈșȚȣ?
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ
— ǪȖȚ ȎȐȊȍȠȤ Țȣ ȖȌȕȈ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ǰ ȕȍȚ ț Țȍȉȧ ȔțȎȈ ǵȖ
ȝțȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȏȍȕȍ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
Țȍȉȍ ǷțșȚȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȚȘȖȒ ǰȏȔȈȐȓ ǰ țȔȕȖ-
ȎȈȧ țȔȕȖȎț ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ șȟȍșȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ
ǰ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȔțȎț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȕȍȑ
— Ƕ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ țȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ǬȈ ȔȐȕțȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ țȟȈșȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȈ ǬȈȑ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȇ — ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ǮȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ǸȖȎȌȈȦȡȍ-
ȋȖ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ɎȈ-
ȔȈȘȐ ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǩȍȥȘ-ȓȈȝȈȑ-ȘȖȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ «ǰșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ǮȐ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ».
ǰ ȗȖȠȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ Ȓ ǰȏȔȈȐȓț Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț Ȑ
ȏȈȟȈȓȈ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ț ȕȍȍ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǬȍȉȖȘȈ țȌȈ-
ȓȐȓȈșȤ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ ȖȚ ȠȈȚȘȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ șȣȕț șȊȖȍȔț ǰȏ-
ȔȈȐȓț
ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ ɎȈȔȈȘȤ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒțȦ ȓțȕț Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȓȈ ȉȖȋȐȕȦ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǰ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ șȎȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ

209
DzdzǺǼǻ ǮǿǺǼDzdzǷ
I
Ǫ ȅȒȉȈȚȈȕȈȝ ǴȐȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȎȐȓ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȒțȗȍȞ ǨșȈȜ ǰ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ǯȍȝȖȘȈ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȍȋȖ
ǸȈȉȣ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣȕȐ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȧȝ ǨșȈȜȈ ȒȈȒ ț ȏȕȈȚȕȖȋȖ
ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎȐ ǹȖșȍȌȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȘȖ ǨșȈȜȈ:
— Ƕȕ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȒȈȒ ǭȕȍȔȍșșȈȘ ȞȈȘȤ ǨșșȐȘȐȑșȒȐȑ
ǰ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǨșȈȜ șȊȖȍȔț ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊț DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȣȑ ȥȜȖȌ Ȑ ȗțȘȗțȘȕȣȍ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ǼȐȕȐȒȐȐ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ș șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔ ȗȖșȖȝȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒțȦ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȤ Ȋșȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȐȌȍȚ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ǨșȈȜ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȐȓ ǫȖș-
ȗȖȌȤ
ǰ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȏȊȈȚȤ ǨșȈȜȈ ǰȍȌȐȌȐȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ «ȊȖȏȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȖȋȖȔ».
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȚȈȌȈȔȐ
ȕȍ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑȏ ǶȜȐȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȒȈȕȧȔȐ Ȑȏ ǵȐȕȍȊȐȐ
ȋȖȘȌȐȓșȧ ǨșȈȜ Ȉ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǴȈȈȝȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ǰ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ
ȍȑ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȔȧ ȔȈȝȘȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ șȔȍȠȈȕȕțȦ ș ȗȍȗȓȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ țȊȓȈȎȕȍȕȕțȦ
șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȑ ȖȚȘȖȒȖȊȐȞȣ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȒ ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȅȘȌțȐȓ DzȈȒ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȅȘȌțȐȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȋț-
ȉȣ ǴȈȈȝȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȟȈȋ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȋȐȈȞȐȕȚ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȊ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ
ȏȈȒȓȧȚȐȧ ȔȈȋȈ ǹȍȕȕȈȝȐȘȐȔȈ ȊșȗȣȝȕȍȚ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ ȟȈ-
ȘțȦȡȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǺȈȒȖȑ șȊȍȚ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖȟȈȝ ǴȈȈȝȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ ȚȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȔȖȘȧ ȋȖȘț ǭȓȜȈȓȍȚ ǰ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ǰ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȍȍ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȣ
ȍȋȖ ǺȈȒ ȕȍȎȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ ǴȈȈȝȐ
ǰ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ǴȈȈȝȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȧșȒȈ ǰ ȋȖȓȖș ȍȍ — ȒȈȒ ȏȊȖȕ

210
ȋțșȓȍȑ ǰ ȌȍȚȐ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ǴȈȈȝț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔțȌȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ
II
ǩȣȓ ț ȒțȗȞȈ ǨșȈȜȈ șȖșȍȌ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȉȍȌȍȕ ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊ ǸȈȉȖȊ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȈȔ
ȚȘțȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȌț ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȈȝȈ ȠȓȈ ȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ǫȍ-
ȕȐȈȔȐȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ «ǷȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȒȈȒ
ǭȕȍȔȍșșȈȘ ȞȈȘȤ ǨșșȐȘȐȑșȒȐȑ? ȇ ȉȣ ȔȖȋ ȗȖșȊȈȚȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ
Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ǨșȈȜ ȊȣȌȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȈȈȝț ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȌȧȌȧ ǵȍȜȜȈȓȐȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țȔȘȍȚ ǴȈȈȝȈ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȏȈȔțȎ
ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǻȊȣ ǻȊȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț».
dzȦȉȖȊȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȖȔȘȈȟȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕȈ Ƕȕ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ șȈȌț Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ǩȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȘȣȕȒț Ȋ ȎȍșȚȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȊțȒȐ șȐșȚȘ Ȑ ȚȐȔȗȈȕȖȊ ȕȍ ȘȈ-
ȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȓȧșȒȐ ȕȈȘțȔȧȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȍ ȗȤȧȕȐȓȖ ȊȐȕȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȗȕ ȗȐȓ ș ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
ǵȖȟȤȦ Ȗȕ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒțȦ șȚȍȕț Ȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȚȈȔ ȌȖ ȏȈȘȐ
ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȚȖșȒțȧ
Ǩ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǨșȈȜȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ șȊȈȌȤȉț ǴȈȈȝț ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȔțȎ ȏȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȒțȗȞȈ ǫȈȊȘȐȧ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ ȌȖ-
ȠȓȈ ȌȖ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕȈ țȗȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ
țȔȍȘ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȌȘțȏȤȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț
— ǯȈ ȟȍȘȚȖȦ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȞȈ ǬȍȊȊȖȘȈ ǷȖȑ-
ȌȐ ș ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȐșȞȍȓȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǰ, ȝȖȚȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊ ȉȣȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȌȖȓȍȚȤ
șȖȉȓȈȏȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǬȍȊȊȖȘȍ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȓ ȍȍ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
ǰ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǬȍȊȊȖȘȈ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ țȔȘȍȚ ȌȧȌȧ ȚȊȖȑ ǵȍȜȜȈȓȐȔ Ȑ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ
ȉȖȋȈȚ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨșȈȜ ȊȣȌȈșȚ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ ǴȈȈȝț
— Ǩȝ ȕȍȚ ǫȖȘȍ Ȕȕȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ, — ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȧ
ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȈȔțȎ ǴȈȈȝȈ ǰ
ȎȍȕȐȝ ȍȍ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ ȗȐȘțȍȚ țȎȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǨșȈȜȈ

211
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȇ ȗȖȔȖȋț Țȍȉȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǬȍȊȊȖȘȈ, — ȧ ȊȣȏȖ-
Ȋț ȌȍȔȖȕȈ ǨșȔȖȌȍȧ Ȑȏ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ Ȑ țȔȍȘȚȊȐȚ Ȗȕ
ǫȈȊȘȐȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚșȧ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ǴȈȈ-
ȝȖȑǰ ȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈ-
ȘȐȓ ȝȐȚȘȖțȔȕțȦ ǬȍȊȊȖȘț
III
DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǨșȈȜȈ țȗȐȓȐșȤ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣ ȗȖ-
ȊȓȍȒȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ Ȑȏ ȗȖȒȖȍȊ ȋȌȍ ȗȐȘ ȉȣȓ ȉȘȈȟȕȣȑ,
ǯȍȝȖȘȈ ȎȍȕȈ ǨșȈȜȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȌȖȟȤ șȊȖȦ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȓ
ȉȘȈȟȕȖȔț ȓȖȎț Ǩ șȈȔ ǨșȈȜ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ ǫȈȊȘȐȧ ǰ ȎȍȕȐȝ
ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȊȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ǪȖȚ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȕȐ — ǴȈȈȝȈ Ȑ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ
ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǴȈȈȝȍ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ ȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ
Ȗȕ șȍȑȟȈș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ
ǺȐȝȖ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ǴȈȈȝȈ Ǩ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ țȎȍ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȝȐ-
ȚȖȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȧ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȖȐ ȌȍȔȖȕ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȓȍ ǬȍȊȊȖȘȣ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȞȣ ȏȈȌțȠȐȓ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȔȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ǫȈȊȘȐȧ
ǰ ȗȈȓ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ ț ȉȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȎȈ ȕȍ țȚȖȓȐȊ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ǹ țȎȈ-
șȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ǴȈȈȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐ
ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǰ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ ȌȍȔȖȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȗȖȒȖȐ ǴȈȈȝȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȘȖȏȣ ȍȍ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȈȌșȒȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȏȈȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǰ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ ț ȓȖȎȈ ǴȈȈȝȐ ȒȈȒ
ȎȍȕȐȝ ȈȌȈ
ǪȓȈșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȦ ȏȈȔȒȕțȓ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ țșȚȈ ǴȈȈȝȐ ǰ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋȍ-
ȌȈȧ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȦ ȗȈȓȈ ǴȈȈȝȈ ȕȈ ȓȖȎȍ Ȋ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȚȍȓȖ ǫȈȊȘȐȧ Ǫ șȔțȡȍȕȐȐ ȋȖȘȍȊȈȓȐ ǪȌȖ-
ȊȈ-ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘȍ ș ȗȍȗȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ
ȋȖȘȖȌț șȚȍȕȈȧ

IV
DzȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȍȔȖȕ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ Ȓ ǴȈȈȝȍ ǰ ȕȍ-
ȏȘȐȔȣȍ ȓȈșȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȈșȕȣ ǰ ȓȐȞȖ ǴȈȈȝȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋțȉȣ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȋȖȘȐȚ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ.
ǰ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȍȍ ȖȚȍȞ ǨșȈȜ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ ǯȍȝȖȘȈ ǰ șȚȈȓȐ
ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈȔțȎ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ș ȕȍȦ Ȑ
ȎȈȓȍȧ ȍȍ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȔȍȘ ǵȍȜȜȈȓȐȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒț
șȊȖȍȔț ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕț ȉȖȋȈȚȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ
Ȓ ǨșȈȜț Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȓ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ǴȈȈȝț
ǰ ȊȖȚ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ Ȑ țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȣȍ
ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȖșȚȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǴȈȈȝȐ ǶȚȘȖȒȐ
ȗȍȓȐ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ ǺțȒ ȚȍȓȤȞȖȊ Ȑ ȉȈȘȈȕȖȊ ȝȔȍȓȤ
ȊȐȕȈ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȘȣ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ — Ȋșȍ ȚțȔȈȕȐȓȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ.
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȗȤȧȕȐȓ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȐȘ ǴȈȈȝȐ ȐȉȖ ȐȏȊȍȌȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑȕȣȍ
ȟȈȘȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ Ȑ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȦȚ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȕȍȊȍșȚț Ȋ ȉȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȖȐ ǹȗȍȠȐȓ șȕȧȚȤ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ș ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȔȖȕȈ ǨșȔȖȌȍȧ Ȑ țȎȈș-
ȕțȓșȧ
Ǩ ȌȍȔȖȕ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ǴȈȈȝȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȍȔț ȒȖș-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ȍȍ.
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ
— ȇ ȊȐȎț Țȍȉȧ ȌȍȔȖȕ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȎȌȈȍȠȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȊȍșȚȍ ȔȖȍȑ" Ǻȣ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȧ ȕȍ ǫȈȊȘȐȑ ǹȖȗȍȘ-
ȕȐȒ ȔȖȑ țȔȍȘ ǵȍȚ ȧ — ǪȍȕȐȈȔȐȕ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȑ.
ǯȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȌȈȠȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȍȑ ǴȈȈȝȍ" ǺȊȖȦ ȋȓțȗțȦ ȏȍȔ-
ȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ" ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȊȍȌȈȓȈ ȐȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ
șȔȍȍȠȤ Țȣ ȔȣșȓȐȚȤ ǰȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ șȗȈșȚȐ
ȍȍ ȌțȠț" ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȍȑ Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȘȈȑșȒȐȝ Ȓțȡ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȍȑ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȈȌȈ?
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ Ȑ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ǰ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ

213
ȃǾǶǿȀǼȂǼǾ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȘȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȍȔț ȗȖ șȐȓȍ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȘȐ ȍȝȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șțȌ-
ȕȍ ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȖșȤ ȖȕȖ Ȓ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ȕȖ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ ȋȕȈȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȋȘȍȉȞȣ șȚȈȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȒțȌȈ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȗȓȣȊȧ ȗȖȊȓȍȒ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȍ ǺȈȒ Ȗȕ șȗȈș șțȌ-
ȕȖ ǻ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ Ȑ șȐȓȈȟȈ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȣ Ȑ
ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ȧȏȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ șȐȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț ȎȐȚȤ ǭȔț
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ȉ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȚȍȔ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȔ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȕȈȐȓțȟȠȐȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
«ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ — ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ, — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț șȐȓȤȕȍȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȖȉȓȍșȚȕȣȑ
șȈȔȣȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ Ȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ țșȓțȋȈȔȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ».
ǷȘȖșȓȣȠȈȊ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȞȈȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȔț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ șȓțȋȐ ǵȈ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȐ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȈȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ǪȈȘȈȎȈ ȕȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ Ȗ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȞȈȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȈ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȍȔț ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȑ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ
Ȉ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țșȗȍȠȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȞȈȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȒȘȍȡȍȕ Ȑ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǰȐșțșȈ ǽȘȐșȚȈ.
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ

214
ǹȚȘȈȕșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȞȈȘȦ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ
ȍȔț ȗȖȏȈȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȝ ȗȍșȍȕ ǾȈȘȤ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȌȖȗț-
șȚȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ț șȍȉȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȑ ȖȕȖ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ǵȖ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȧ ȗȍșȕȐ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȍȖȌȕȖ-
ȒȘȈȚȕȖ Ȗ ȌȍȔȖȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȔȘȈȟȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȚȤ ȞȈȘȧ
ǴțȌȘȣȑ ȞȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȔțȡȈȚȤ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȒȖȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȣ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȣȔ
ȕȍ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓ ȗȍȊȞȈ Ȉ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȘȍ-
șȚȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȕȍ-
ȟȐșȚȖȍ ȐȔȧ
ǵȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȞȈȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȐ
Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȘțȒȐ
ǾȈȘȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘț
— ǬȍȔȖȕ ȐȓȐ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȏȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȇ
ȚȊȖȘȦ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Țȍȉȍ"
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȞȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ
ȟȚȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ țȑȌȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ
ǵȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȞȈȘȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șȍ-
ȉȧ țȕȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț șȐȓȤȕȖȔț Ȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȔț
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ Ȑ ȍȔț ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ
ǭȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȓțȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȓȈȚȣ Ȑ ȊȖȎȌȧ Ȑȝ ș ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȔ Ƞȓȍ-
ȔȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ șȗțȡȍȕȣ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȈ Ȑ
ț ȊȖȎȌȧ ȚȖȎȍ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ș ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȔ ȠȓȍȔȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ǽȘȐșȚȖ-
ȜȖȘȈ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȐȌȍȚ
— ȇ Ȑȡț șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ. — ȇ șȓțȎȐȓ
șȈȔȖȔț ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȞȈȘȦ ȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȞȈȘȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ,
ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȡț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȍȔț ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ

215
— ǬȤȧȊȖȓ — ȥȚȖ ȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȕȈȚȖȔ
ȠȓȍȔȍ. — ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎțșȤ ȖȚ ȚȊȖȍȑ șȓțȎȉȣ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȉȍșȝȐȚȘȖșȚȕȣȑ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ. — ȇ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȟȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ǬȤȧȊȖȓ ȇ ȗȖșȓțȎț
Țȍȉȍ, ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǻ Țȍȉȧ șȗțȡȍȕȖ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȖ Ȉ
ȧ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ
— ȅȚȖ țȎ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǬȤȧȊȖȓ.
— ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȓȐȞȈ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ț ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȚ
ȊȖȊșȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗțȚȤ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȧ Ǫ ȥȋȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșȗȧȚ ȉȣȓ
ȔȧȚȍȎȕȣȑ ȘȈȉ ǰ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ
Ȑ ȉȍȏȓȐȒȐȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ Ȑȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȉȢȍȝȈȓȐ ȒȘȍșȚ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȈșȤ ȍȋȖ
— ǵȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȗȧȚ ǫȈȓȐȓȍȧȕȐȕ ǰȐșțș — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǬȤȧȊȖȓ. — Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚ ǵȖ ǰȐșțș țȔȍȘ Ȉ ȧ ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȎȐȊ ǰ
Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ șȓțȎȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȧ șȈȔȣȑ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǵȖ ț ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȈ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ǬȤȧȊȖȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȐȊ ȓȐ ǫȈȓȐȓȍȧȕȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȍȋȖ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓ Ȑș-
ȒȈȚȤ ǰȐșțșȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ǰȐșțșț
ǷțșȚȣȕȕȐȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ȍȔț Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ
ȕȍȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȌȖșȚȖȐȚȤșȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ǵȐȔ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ,
Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȐ șȚȈȌȐȧȝ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȉțȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȉȘȖȌ Ǻȣ ȗȖșȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ǻȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ Țȍȉȍ
ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȧșȈ
ǻ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǷȖ-
ȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ
ǰȚȈȒ, ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȚȖȒȈ Ǭȓȧ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȚȘțȌȖȊ
ȓȐȠȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȣ. Ƕȕ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȕȧȚ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-

216
ȕȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ǰȐșțșȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȍ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ șȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȍȔț ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈȘȈ-
ȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ǷȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
Ȑ ȌȘȧȝȓȣȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȊȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ —
Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȍȘȍȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȖȌț șȔȍȧșȤ — Ȑ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȍȔȈȕȕȐȟȈȓȐ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȐȟȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȚȈȑȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȦ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȈ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍ-
ȓȍșȚȧȔ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȌȕȈ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȈ Ȑȏ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȐ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȕȈ
ȟȈș ȔȣșȓȐ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȈ ȖȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȅȚȈ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕ-
ȒȈ — ȍȍ ȏȊȈȓȐ ǰȘȐȕȖȦ — ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȊȖȕȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȍ-
ȓȍȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȦȎȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ Ȉ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȎȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȠȍȦ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȓȐȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍȦ ȦȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȋȘț-
ȌȐ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȖȑ ȒȈȒ ț șȈȚȐȘȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȥȚț ǰȘȐȕț ȊȣȠȍ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȟ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤșȧ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȍȍ
ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȕȖȋȈȔ ǵȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ Ǩ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȠțȚȧ, ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȓȣȓȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȉȣȒȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȖșțȠȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȠȈȓȈȠȍ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȓȐ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȉȘȖșȐȚ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ
ǺȈȒ ȚȘțȌȐȓșȧ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȋȓțȝțȦ ȚȍȔȕțȦ Ȑ ȉțȘȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǽȘȐ-
șȚȖȜȖȘ șȗȈȓ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȠȈȓȈȠȍ ȍȔț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȖȚȘȖȒ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȍȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȚȐ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ.
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ ȐȌȍȚ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ

«ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȝțȌȖ șȗȈȓ ȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȕ», — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǽȘȐ-
șȚȖȜȖȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȕȍșȚȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȚȖȒ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȈ
ȚȈȒȈȧ ȌȐȒȈȧ Ȑ ȏȓȈȧ ȉțȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȝȓȍșȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘț ǰ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ Ȑ Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ Ȉ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȝȘȈȔ ș șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ ȚȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ
Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȐȓȣ
ǵȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ țȘȖȕȐȓ
ȖȚȘȖȒȈ ȕȖ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
șȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ ȌȈȉȣ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǰȐșțșȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȌȈ-
ȓȤȠȍ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȔȈȓȤȟȐ-
ȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ, șȔȍȧșȤ
— ǵț Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ Țȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍșț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǺțȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Țȣ ȕȍș ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ǺȖȋȖ DzȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȘ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȇ ȚȊȖȑ ǫȖș-
ȗȖȌȤ ǰȐșțș ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȇ ȚȖȚ ǸȈșȗȧȚȣȑ Ȑ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȠȐȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ Țȣ ȐșȒȈȓ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǭȔț ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȍȘțȦ ȟȚȖ Ǻȣ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȊȖșȒȘȍș.

218
ǺȁȅdzǻǶȄǮ ǮǻǮǿȀǮǿǶȍ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ
ȍȋȖ șȈȔ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȈȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ǪȖȘȈȎȈ ǵȈȔ ȗȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ǩȖȓȖȕȤȍ ȕȍȐȏȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȑ
șȗȐșȖȒ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȊ Ȑȏ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ țȟȍȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǵȈȠ ȚȍȒșȚ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȖ Ȋ
șțȡȍșȚȊȍ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ ȍȔț
ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȎȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǬȐȖȒȓȍȚȐȈ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȏȕȈȚȕȣȝ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊ ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǸȐȔȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȋ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȍȘȍ
șȊȖȍȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȖȦ Ȑ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ǽȘȐȏȖȋȖȕȖȔ ǩț-
ȌțȟȐ ȊȣȌȈȕȈ ȏȈȔțȎ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȏȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ƿțȉ-
ȓȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȔȖȡȕȖȦ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȊȧȌȈȍȚ ȉȍȏ ȓȈșȒ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȝ
ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧȔ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȚȍȓȈ Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
șȈȔ ȗȐȚȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȟȚȖ ț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ ȕȍȚ ȊȍȘȖȓȖȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓ Ȏȍȕț șȊȖȦ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ
șȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȌȖȕȍș ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȖȓȤȕȖ-
ȖȚȗțȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ șȓȍȌȐȊȠȐȝ ȏȈ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȍȑ.
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ ȠȗȐȖȕ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȕțșȕȣȍ țș-
ȓțȋȐ. — ǪȟȍȘȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȖȌȍ-
ȚȈȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȉȍȌȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȍ
ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȌȖȍȔ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȌȊțȝ ȕȐȔȜ Ȑ ȜȈȊȕȈ Ǻȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȕȍȉȘȍȋ ȥȚȖȦ ȕȐȡȍȕȒȖȦ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȑ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȘțȟȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ" Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌ ȎȈȓ-
ȒȐȔ ȘțȉȐȡȍȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȋȈȌȈȦ șȚȈȕ ȗȈȚȘȐȞȐȈȕȒȐ «ǺȈȒȐȍ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȐ, — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ, — Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ț ȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȖȋȖ-

219
ȘȈȊȕȖȑ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ» ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȧ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȏȈșȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎț ȕȈ șȊȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȐ ș ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ
— ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ƿțȉ-
ȓȐȑ — Ǻȣ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȖȚȗțȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț ȞȍȘȍ-
ȔȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ Ȑ Țȣ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȗȓȍȚȒț ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȉ.
ǹțȌȐșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ǻ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ
— ǵȍ ȋȕȍȊȈȑșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ — ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ƿțȉ-
ȓȐȦ ȠȗȐȖȕ — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȉȣ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȗ ȚȊȖȍȑ șțȗȘțȋȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȓȦȉȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ? ǵȍȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȍșȓȐ
ȚȊȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ,
ȖȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ǫȖȊȖȘȐ — ȝȔțȘȧșȤ ȔȖȓȊȐȓ ǷțȉȓȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȊȐȓșȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ
— ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȦ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȊȖȓȤȕȖ-
ȖȚȗțȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ
șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ. — Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ,
ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȐ-ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȉȖȧșȤ
ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǵȣ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ DzȖȓȐȏȍȑ
Ȑ ȜȖȘțȔ Ȑ ȧ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ
ǨȗȗȐȍȊȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȖȊ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ — ȌȊȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘȧȝ-
ȓȣȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ǺȈȒ ȊȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȘȖȗ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȠȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȈȧ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȐȏȕȍȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ
țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ țȚȍȝȈȔȐ ǸȐȔȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȐȌȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǪȏȖ-
ȠȓȈ ȓțȕȈ Ǻȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȠȤ șȍȉȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ, ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȍȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ ǷȖȘȖȦ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȗȐȕȐȐ ȚȖȗȖȓȐ ȈȒȊȍȌțȒ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ȗȖșȍȓȧȕ —
ȓȐȠȤ șȖȕ ȕȈȊȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȋȖȔ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐȌț ȕȍ
ȗȖȌ ǸȐȔȖȔ Ȉ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȊȈȘȊȈȘșȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȟțȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȓ-
ȌȖȊșȚȊȈ ȇ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȓȣȍ ȟȈȘȣ ȔȕȖȦ

220
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ț ȋȘțȌȣ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ șȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȉ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȗ
ȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȚȖȉȖȦ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȐ ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊ șȚȘȈȝ ȧ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȠȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ǺȈȔ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȊȝȖȌ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȗȘȐ-
ȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȘȐȚțȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚ-
ȊȐȧȔȐ ȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȗȘȖȟȐȝ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ
ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȖȐ ǿȚȖ ȧ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȔ" ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖȕ ȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑ
ȘȈȉȣȕȤ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȖȊ Ȑ — țȎȈșȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȘȐȔșȒȐȝ ȗȈȚȘȐ-
ȞȐȍȊ ȟȤȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȈ ȟȍȔ ȚȊȖȧ Ȗ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ
ǷțȉȓȐȑ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȍȓȐ ȇ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȍșȍȕ ȌȖ
ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȌȍȕȐȧ ǷȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȇ ȝțȌȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȦȚ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ȖȕȐ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ȗ ȉȖȋȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț BeȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȓȐ Ȗ ǪȈȒȝȍ
ȐȓȐ Ȗ ǬȐȖȕȐșȍ-ǯȈȋȘȍȊșȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ ȚȐȚȈȕȣ ȒȈȒ
ȊȍȘȧȚ ȋȘȍȒȐ ǵȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȐȧȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȓȖ ȕȍ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȔȐȜȍ Ȉ Ȗ ȎȍȘȚȊȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȐȔȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȍȡȍ
ȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ǹȚțȗȈȑ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȖȚȗț-
ȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ. — Ǻȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȕȖȍ Țȍȉȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ǹȚțȗȈȑ Ȑ
ȔȖȓȟȐ ǴȖȓȟȐ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ"
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ țȚȘȖ ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȏȍȕț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ǻȣ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȗȖșȍȡȈȍȠȤ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ
ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȖȊ Ȑ țȟȈșȚȊțȍȠȤ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȒțȓȤȚȈȝ ǸȈ-
ȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Țȣ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȈ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȦ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ȇ, ȒȈȒ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ Ȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒȐȍ
ȞȍȓȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȍ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȘȐȚțȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ țȋ-
ȘȖȏț «ǸȐȔșȒȖȔț ǴȐȘț» Ǻȣ, ȒȈȒ ȔȈȚȘȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ
ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȠ ȕȍȏȣȉȓȍȔȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǻ ȕȈș
ȍșȚȤ ǷȈȕȚȍȖȕ Ȑ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȔ ȒȖȔț țȋȖȌȕȖ ȕȖ

221
ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȖșȚțȦ ȊȍȘț Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȘțȌȐȍȔ
ȔȧȚȍȎȈ ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ ǷȖȌȖȉȈȍȚ ȓȐ Țȍȉȍ țȟȈșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈȝ șȚȖȓȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ" ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ
ȊȍȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǶșȓȐȕȖȑ ǫȖȓȖȊȣ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ, ȖȕȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ș ȘȐȚțȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȞȍȓȧȔȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ
ǵȖ ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ȇ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț șȚȘȖȋ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ȓȐȠȍȕ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȇ
ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ țȌȖ-
ȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȓ șȊȖȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȓȖȎȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȓțȗȈȕȈ-
ȘȐȧȝ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Țȣ țȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȗȖ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȔ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȓȖȎȕȣȔ Ȑ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȇ
ȕȍ ȉțȌț șȚȘȖȋ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ǮȐȊȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ, ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȖȉȈȍȚ ȟȍșȚȕȖȑ
Ȏȍȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ ș ȔțȎȍȔ ȕȍ țȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȖȚ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȗȖ-șȚȈȘȖȔț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȕȖȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ș ȚȖ-
ȉȖȦ ȓȖȎȈ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ
ǷțȉȓȐȑ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȈ-
ȘȈȓșȧ țȚȈȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȕȈȚ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȈ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍ.
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷțȉȓȐȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ Ƕȕ țȎȍ țșȗȍȓ
ȘȈșșȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȎȍȕȐȚȤȉȣ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȍ Ȑ Țȍȓȍșȕȣȍ,
Ȑ ȕȍȔțȌȘȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
Ǫ șȍȕȈȚȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȌțȘȕȖ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈȌȖȒ șȍȘȌȞȍȉȐȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȉȣ ȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȖ-
șȐȓȒȈȝ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȚȤ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ: «ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ ǨȕȈșȚȈ-
șȐȧ» — Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȔȍȘ
ȀȗȐȖȕ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǷțȉȓȐȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȏRȓRȚD Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȋ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ țȋȘȖȎȈȧ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈ ȌȖȕȍșȚȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘț Ȗȉ ȍȍ țȟȈșȚȐȐ Ȋ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȔ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ
ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȖȚȗțȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȌȖȕȍș
ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț Ȗȉ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ǬȐȖȒȓȍ-
ȚȐȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ șțȘȖȊȣȔ ȔȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ

222
ȖȚ ȔȣșȓȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȒȈȘȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȗȈȚȘȐ-
ȞȐȈȕȒț Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȈ ǨȕȕȐȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȓ șȚȖȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ǬȐȖȒȓȍȚȐȈȕ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐȏȓȍȟȐȚ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȦ
ȖȚ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȑ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȓȍșȚȕȖȑ ȊȌȖȊȐȞȍ ǨȕȕȐȑ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȈ
ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȍ ȚȍȔȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȧ ǹȍȕȍȒȐ Ȑ ǴȈȘȒȈ ǨȊ-
ȘȍȓȐȧ ǶȕȈ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈȔȐ
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ Ȓ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǨȕȕȐȑ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȈȍȚ șȚȖȐȒț ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȒȘȣȚȤ șȊȖȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȔțȡȍ-
ȕȐȍǶȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǴȈȘȒ ǨȊȘȍȓȐȑ țȟȐȓ ©dzȦȌȐ ȔȖȓȧȚșȧ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ “ǽȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ ȉȣ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȦ” Ǻȣ Ȏȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȐșȤ “ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȍȦ” ǿȚȖ Ȏ" ȇ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌțȦ ȔțȌȘȖȔț șȖȊȍȚț Ǵȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȈȚ ș șȍșȚȘȖȦ
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȝ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȚȖ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȦșȤ
ȗȍȘȍțȉȍȌȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ Țȣ șȈȔȈ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȠȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȑ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȖȊ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȘȈȒ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȍȔ.
ǸȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǨȕȕȐȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ ȕȍțȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȊșȍ Ǫ ȌțȠȍ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖșȚȐ-
ȋȈȍȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȉ ȕȍ ȘȈșșțȌȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȏȖȡȘȍȕ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ
Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ǨȕȕȐȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȔțȌȘȐȧ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ ȔțȎȈ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǨȕȈ-
șȚȈșȐȐ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȦ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȦ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȈ Ȑ țȔȖ-
ȓȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ
Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȓȖȎȈ Ȉ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
șȖȏȍȘȞȈȧ ȚȊȖȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȖșȚȈȦșȤ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȉȍȏȉȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȚȖȐȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȋ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ
ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȐȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤ

ǺȖȋȌȈ ǩȖȋ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȊȍȘȕțȦ ȌȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȐșȒțȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ șȚȣȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȓ șȓȍȗȖȚț ȕȈ ǨȕȕȐȧ
ǰ ǨȕȕȐȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȊ ȌȖȊȖȌȣ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏț-
ȔȐȧ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑȏ Ȋȍȕȣ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȐȔȧ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȍȍ ȔțȎț
Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐ ǬȐȖȒȓȍȚȐȈȕț Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ
ȏȈȔțȎ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȦ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȚȖȘȈ ǶȒȚȈȊȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȓ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȅȚȖȚ ȗȘȍȚȖȘ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ
ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ Ȧȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȕȣȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȉȘȈȒ ș ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȍȔț ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȕ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ șțȌȐȓȐ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȦ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȈ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔț ǹȗțșȚȧ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȍ șȖȎȋȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȖȉȢȧȓ ȍȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖșȚȘț ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȒ șȊȖȐȔȐ
țșȚȈȔȐ Ȓ țșȚȈȔ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ ǵȈȘȖȌ ȐȏțȔȐȓșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȔțȟȍȕȐ-
Ȟȍȑ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȍȑ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȕȍșșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ

224
ǽǼǿǾǮǺǹdzǻǻȉdz ǯdzǿȉ
I
ǻ șȊ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȝ șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ ǶȌ-
ȕț ȏȊȈȓȐ ǨȋȈȗȍȚȖȦ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǼȍȖȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ ǰȘȍȕȖȦ ǶȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣ șȒȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣ.
ǹȚȈȘȠȈȧ ǨȋȈȗȍȚȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ
ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ țȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ șȍșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ
ȊȖ ǽȘȐșȚȍ ǵȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȘțȌ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȗȖșȚ ȖȕȈ ȞȊȍȓȈ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ Ȑ ȘȖȏȣ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȡȍȒȈȝ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣ ȒȖșȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȊ Ȑȝ ȖȒțȚȈȚȤ
ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǹȘȍȌȕȧȧ ǼȍȖȕȐȧ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȍȦ
ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȈȝ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȓȈ ȗșȈȓȔȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȦȚ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ șȓȈȊȧ ǩȖ-
ȋȈ ǴȓȈȌȠȈȧ ǰȘȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȉȣȓȈ ȟȐșȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȓȐȧ ȗȖȓȍȊȈȧ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȊȍȚ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȟȐȡȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ Ȑ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȎȈ-
ȓțȑ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ Ȑ șȚȈȘȞȍȊ ǶȌȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ț ȕȍȍ ȏȈȡȐȚȈ —
ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ǯȈȒȖȕț ǩȖȎȐȦ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȏȎȍȓȈȓ ȖȉȓȈ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȍȑ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȈȔȐ
ǺȈȒȈȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȚȘȍȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȔ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈȔ
ȉȣȓȈ ȊȕțȠȍȕȈ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚț ǹțȓȤȗȐȞȐȦ ȗȖ ȧȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐșȒȈȔ ȌȤȧ-
ȊȖȓȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȕțșȕȣȝ șȓțȋ
ǴȍȟȚȈȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȧșȤ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȓ ȚȘȍȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖ-
Șȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ ȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȒțȝȕȦ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ. ǹȈȔȖ
șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȗȣȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȍșȣ ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȗȖșȘȈȔȐȓ Ȑȝ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȓțȝȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȚȖȟȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕ-

225
ȕȣȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑșȗțȋ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ ȌȍȊȐȞȣ — ǰȘȍȕȈ ǼȍȖ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ǨȋȈȗȍȚȈ — ȕȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ-
ȓȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǰ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȞ ȗȖȔȘȈȟȐȓ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ.
ǷȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȝȕȦ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ țȔȖȐșșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞ ȒțȝȖȕȕțȦ țȚȊȈȘȤ ǩȖȓȤȠțȦ
șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȕȍȔ ȎȈȘȐȓȐ Șȣȉț Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȊȖȓȖșțȦ ǨȋȈȗȍȚț ȏȊȧȒȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȍȓ
ȏȈ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȋȖȓȖșțȦ ǼȍȖȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ Ȍȓȧ ȊȐȕȈ ȏȈ
ȕȍȎȕțȦ ǰȘȍȕț
ǹ ȌȐȒȖȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȕȈ ȥȚț țȚȊȈȘȤ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȐȏȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȚȐ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȈșȍȕ — ȊȍșȤ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ șȈȎȍȦ Ȋ ȘȈȏȖȌȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȑ ș ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȐȉȖ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ șȚȍȒȓȧȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȖșțȌȈ ȐȏȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȔȐ
ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȔȐ Ȑ șȓțȋȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȋȖ ȏȓȣȔ
ȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȈ ǭȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȣ
ȕȍ șȒțȗȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȕȖșȐȚȤ ȍȔț țȌȈȘȣ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ
țȓȐȞț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȤȧ ȋȘȧȏȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ șȊȖȍ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȓȌȖȊșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȉȣ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȐȔ
ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȓțȋȈȔ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ș
ȕȐȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȌȈȉȣ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑȝ ȕȈȋȖȚȣ
ǵȖ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȘȐȘȖșȓȐ Ȓ Ȑȝ Țȍȓț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
Ȑȝ șȕȧȚȤ Ȉ șȈȔ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȊȗȈȓ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ
șȖȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ
ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȊȍȕȍȞ Ȕț-
ȟȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
II
ǪȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ ȗȖșȘȈȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȉȍșȖȊ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǴȈ-
ȒȈȘȐȑ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȒ

226
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ
Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȧȏȣȟȕȐȒȐ ȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ
ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ țșȣȗȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȞț Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȌȕȖȦ
Ȑȏ ȔțȔȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȍȔ
ǩȍșȣ ȔȍȟȚȈȊȠȐȍ șȔțȚȐȚȤ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȒȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȖ-
ȗȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔțȔȐȑ ǺȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍș ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȍ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǪșȚȈȊȈȑ șȒȖȘȍȑ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȈȕȦ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȉȍș ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ R ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ȊșȚȈȚȤ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȈȘȊȈȘ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȚțȚ Ȑ
șȗȐȚ
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȍșȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȗțȋȈȚȤ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȧ ȕȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ
ȕȈțȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȤ ș ȐșȒțȠȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȔȖ-
ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȔțȔȐȦ ȊȖș-
ȒȓȐȒȕțȊ
— ǪșȚȈȊȈȑ Ȑ țȉȐȘȈȑșȧ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ
ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȥȚȖ ȉȍșȣ țȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ǻȣ ȕȈș ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ.
ǷȘȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Ȕț-
ȎȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ
ǺȈȒ, ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȈșȚțȠȒț ǽȓȖȦ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ-
ȓȍȚȕȦȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ ș ȘȣȎȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȍȔț ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ
ǽȓȖȦ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǰȐșțșȈ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȌȖȋȔȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǭȔț ǾȍȘȒȊȐ ǺȈȒȖȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ǴȈ-
ȒȈȘȐȦ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ǽȓȖȧ ȊȖ-
Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ǽȓȖȧ Ȉ ȉȍș ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ
ȖȗȈșȕȣȑ
ǴȕȐȔȈȧ ǽȓȖȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȔȣȓȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ Șț-
ȟȤȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖȚȟȈș țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȈȋȖ-
ǟȃ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȌȍȊȐȞȣ ȟȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȕȍȉȍȏȋȘȍȠȕțȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ȕȖ țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ
Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȍșȣ Ȋ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐșȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȔȍȠȈȧ ȍȔț Ȑș-

227
ȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȈȧ
șȖȊȍșȚȤ ǵȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȒȖȊȈȘșȚȊȈ șȈȚȈȕȣ Ƕȕ
ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ șȔțȚȐȚȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȒȈ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȉȍșȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ș ȚȍȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȚ
ǴȈȒȈȘȐȦ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȖȉțȌȐȓ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȚȈȒȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ țȔȍ
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ, ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȕȍ
șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȊșȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ƕ ǽȓȖȧ Ǻȣ șȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ Ȓȍ-
ȓȤȍǬȤȧȊȖȓ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ǽȓȖȐ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȗȖȉțȎ-
ȌȈȍȔȣȑ ȉȍșȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȈȒ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ƕ ǽȓȖȧ ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȚȊȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ ȓȍȚ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ ȥȚȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ ǽȓȖȐ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȑ ǽȓȖȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ ȓȍȚ; ȕȖ ȉȍșȣ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȒȖȊȈȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ șȖ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȔ șȔȣșȓȖȔ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȈȘșȚȊȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ
ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȓ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȐȚȘȐȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ
ǷȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
ǬȤȧȊȖȓ țșȚȈȔȐ ǽȓȖȐ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȌȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǪȣȚȘȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
ȚȊȖȍȦ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȦ ǶȕȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ
ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȊȖȓȦ Șȣ-
ȎȍȊȖȓȖșȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ
ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȑ ȉȍșȣ ȊȖȏȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȗȘȍȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘțȒȈȝ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ
ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ țȒțșȐȓ ǽȓȖȦ ȏȈ ȕȖȋț Ȑ șȚȐșȕțȊ
ȏțȉȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȕȍ ȗȖȖȉȍȡȈȓ
ȍȔț ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȑ
ǺȈȒ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȘȈȔȐȓ șȈȚȈȕț

III
ǷȘȖ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȍșȚȐȊ țȋȖȓ ȒȍȓȤȐ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȉȍșȖȊșȒȖȍ ȖȚȘȖȌȤȍ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȊȠȍȍ țȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ǯȈșȚȘȧȊ Ȋ țȋȓț ȗȖȌ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ Ȑȏ-
ȕȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȣ Ȉ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȗșȈȓ-
Ȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț țȒȖȘȧȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȖȚșȚțȗȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȒȖȊȈȘ-
șȚȊȖ
ǺȈȒ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȊȐȌ ǪȈȒȝȈ
ȐȓȐ ǬȐȖȕȐșȈ Ȉ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ șȊȐȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȍȕȈȌ ǹȚȍȕȣ Ȓȍ-
ȓȤȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
ȗȖȓȧȕȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȌțȉȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȡȐ Ȑ ǬȐȖȕȐș ȊȓȍȒȖȔȣȑ ȎȘȐȞȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȦ
— ȅȚȖ — ȉȖȋ Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț șȈȔȖȋȖ
șȍȉȧ ǵȍ țȒȓȖȕȧȑșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ
șȒȈȏȈȕȖ Ȋ ǭȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǰ
ȚȊȖȑ ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǰ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȏȈ ȔȐȘ
ǵȖ ǴȈȒȈȘȐȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ șȈȚȈȕȍ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ Ȑȏ
ȌțȉȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȐȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ țȒ-
ȘȣȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ǬȐȖȕȐșȈ

229
Ǽ ȀǼǺ ǸǮǸ ǽǾdzǽ ǽǮǰdzǹ ǾdzȆǶǹ ȁDzǮǹǶȀȊǿȍ
ǰ ǽȁǿȀȉǻȌ Ƕ ǸǮǸ ǿǰ ǮǻȀǼǻǶǷ ȃǼDzǶǹ Ǹ ǻdzǺȁ
ǻǮ ǿǰǶDzǮǻǶdz
ǷȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊț șȊ ǰȍȘȖȕȐȔȈ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ǷȈȊȍȓ ȐȔȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȍȚșȧ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȖȚ-
ȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ țȌȈȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ ȘȈȌȐ șȚȘȖȋȖȋȖ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǪȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȉțȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ǬȍȞȐȑ Ȑ ȋȕȈȓ
ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȌȊțȝ
ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȊȍȘȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǰȐșțșȈ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ Ȋ ǷȘȍ-
ȟȐșȚțȦ ǬȍȊț ǭȋȖ ǴȈȚȤ
ǶȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȏȓȖȑ ǬȍȞȐȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȚȤ
Ȓ șȚȖȓȉț Ȑ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȚȤ ȔȍȌȖȔ ȌȈȉȣ ȔțȝȐ Ȗșȣ Ȑ ȗȟȍȓȣ ȔțȟȐ-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ țȒțșȈȔȐ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȓșȧ ǵȖ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȔțȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔțȒȐ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȐȕȈ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ǬȍȞȐȑ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐ ȌȖ-
ȕȈȋȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ Ȋ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȈȝ ȘȖȏ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ-
ȔȐ Ȓ ȔȧȋȒȖȔț ȓȖȎț Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȡȍ
ț ȘțȟȤȧ ȗȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ ȗȈȓȤȔ DzȖȊȈȘȕȣȑ ȚȐȘȈȕ ȏȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌ-
ȘȐȍ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȚȤ ȒțȘ-
ȚȐȏȈȕȒț ǰȘȍȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȓȈȊȐȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȦ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȖȡț ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȕȈȘȖ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȎȈȎȌțȡȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȏȘȍȓȐȡ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȈ Ȕț-
ȟȍȕȐȒȈ ȚȍșȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ ȉȓțȌȕȐȞȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȘȈșȚȖ-
ȟȈȚȤ ȦȕȖȠȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ, șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȘȍȝ ǺȐȘȈȕ ȗȖ-
Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȍȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȊ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ țȊȓȍȟȤ ȦȕȖȠț ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȓ ș ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ
ǰȘȍȕȈ Ȏȍ ȊȖșȗȣȓȈȊ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȓ ȔțȟȍȕȐȒț
ȕȍ șȒțȗȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȓȈșȒȐ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȣȍ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȍ șȔț-

230
ȡȈȧ ȚȍȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȘȖȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȖ ȋȘȍȝȍ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȕțȦ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒțȦ
ȚȖȓȗț Ȇȕȣȑ ȔțȟȍȕȐȒ ȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȖșȣ-
ȗȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȖȘțȎȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ
ȖȚȒțșȐȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȊȣȗȓȦȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓȐ ȗȈȚȘȐȞȐȐ ȏȈ
ȔȍȠȒȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ
ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȍȔ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȐ ǷȈȊȍȓ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ
țȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ
DzȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȌȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍ țșȚȈȊȈȓ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȗȓȖȚȐ Ȑ ș ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ ȧȊȓȧȊȠȐȔșȧ ȍȔț ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȒțȘ-
ȚȐȏȈȕȒȐ ǰȘȍȕȣ ǷȈȊȓț ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȉȓțȌȕȐȞȈ țȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțș-
ȚȣȕȦ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ Ƕȕ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȊȖȔț
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ǵȖ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȍȔț ȊȖ
șȕȍ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗ ǷȈȊȓȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȘȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȍȕȚȈȊȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȓ ȗȖȊȘȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȕțȦ ȕȖȋț Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȘȖȡȐ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȈȚȐȘȈ ȖȌȕȖ
Ȑȏ Țȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȍșȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ
ȧȏȣȟȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȅȚȖȚ ȒȖȏȓȖȕȖȋȐȑ ȓȍȕȚȧȑ ȊȈȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȚȘȈȊȍ Ȑ ȍȓ ȜȐȕȐȒȐ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒț ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȜȐȕȐȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ǩȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȐ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȏȓȖȕȖȋȐȑ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǻ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȟțȎȌȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȔ Ȑ ȊȒțșȈȔ ǹȈȚȐȘ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȚȘȖ-
Ȝț Ȑȏ ǨȓȒȍȧ ǶȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȒȈ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȊȠȈȧ-
șȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȖȡȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ ȚȘȖȍ șțȚȖȒ Ȑ ȥȚȖ Ȑȏ ȍȍ țșȚ țș-
ȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ șȓȈȌȒțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȖȥȚȈ
ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȤ ȒȖȏȓȖȕȖȋȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-

231
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȐȘȍ ǩȖȋȍ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȈȚȐȘ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȋțȉȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȐșȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȘȖȎȈ
șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ țȗȘțȋȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȒȖ-
ȗȣȚȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȖȗȘȖȔȍȚȤȦ Ȋ ȒțșȚȣ ȋȌȍ ȎțȘȟȈȓ Șțȟȍȑ
ǵȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȒ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȓȐșȚȊȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
ȟȚȖ șȈȚȐȘ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȖȝȖȚȖȦ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȈ Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ țȋȖșȚȐȚȤ ȔȧșȖȔ ȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȋ ȒțșȚȣ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ șȈȚȐȘȈ ȕȍ ȊȒț-
ȠȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ǵȖ ȍȌȊȈ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȖȘȍȠ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȊȈȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓțȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȐȔȜȈ Ȑ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ șȚȖ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȚ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȓȈșȒ ȒȖȏȓȖȕȖȋȖȋȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ
ȟȚȖ ț șȈȚȐȘȈ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ Ȑ ȋȘȍȠȕȣȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ
ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȖȍ ȗȓȍȟȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȐȒȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǵȈ ȔȐȋ ȥȚȖ ȍȔț țȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȍȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ șȈȚȐȘ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȍȔț ȕȈȌȖ
— ȇ ȊȐȎț Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤșȧ ȚȍȓȍșȕȣȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȔȧȋȒȖ — ǵȖ ȔȖȋț ȊȈș țȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ Ȉ ȕȍȖȉțȏ-
ȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȝȖȚȤ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș Ȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ țȚȍȝ,
Ȑ ȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȉȣ ȍȍ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȔȖȍȔț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ȍȗȐ-
șȒȖȗț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈțȟȐȓ ȉȣ ȍȍ ȐșȚȐȕȈȔ ȊȍȘȣ Ȑ — ȗȖȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ,
— ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȐȋȖ ȖȚȠȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȟȍșȚȊȈ Ǩ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ
Ȑ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ.
— ȇ Țȍȉȍ ȌȈȓ ȜȐȕȐȒȖȊ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȈȚȐȘ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ, — Ȉ Țȣ
ȊȖȚ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǻȝȖȌȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȉ ȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȧ
ȏȈȉȖȌȈȦ
ȅȚȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȐȓȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȗȕ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȔȜȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ șȈȚȐȘȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȚȧȕȍȚ
ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǰȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȖȕȈ-
ȓȈ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȍȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȓȈșȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȓ ȍȑ ȒȖȏȓȖȕȖȋȐȑ
ǺȖȋȌȈ șȊȧȚȖȑ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȊȠȐșȤ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȦ Ȑ ȗȖ-

Ƞȍȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ǷȈȊȓȈ
ǭȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȕȖ ȚțȚ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ
ǷȘȍȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ǷȈȊȍȓ ȏȈșȓȣȠȈȊ ȠȈȋȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȈ ǰȘȍȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȈȧ
ȉȓțȌȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȊȖȍȑ
ȒȍȓȤȐ
ǺȡȍȚȕȖ țȊȍȘȧȓ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȡțȡȐȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ǽȘȐș-
ȚȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤ ǷȈȊ-
ȓȈ Ȉ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȖȉȡȐȚȤșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȊȕțȠȐȓ ǷȈȊȓț ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖșț Ǩȕ-
ȚȖȕȐȧ ǶȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȉȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȟȈș ȏȈȊ-
ȚȘȈȒȈ ȊȖȘȖȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȐȔ ȝȓȍȉȍȞ ǷȈȊȍȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȦ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȐȕ
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȍȓȖȔȐȚȤ ȝȓȍȉ ǺȈȒ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȗȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓȖȔȐȓȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȓ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ț ǷȈȊȓȈ țȟȈșȤ ȐșȒțș-
șȚȊț ȔțȌȘȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȐȧ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȦ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȍșȣ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȚ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈȌȖ șȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ
ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȖȚȐ ǷȈȊȍȓ ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȌȖ șȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ǪȖȚ Ȕȕȍ șȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ,
Ȉ ȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȍȡȍ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȐșȒțȠȈȍȔ Ȏȍȕ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȓȣȝ ȟȈȘ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȟȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȅȚȐ ȔțȌȘȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȚȍȠȐȓȐ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ
ǷȘȖșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȊ ǷȈȊȓȈ Ȗȕ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ǷȖ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈȚȐȘȈ Ȑ ȕȐȔȜț ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȈȚȐȘ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȕȐȔȜȈ ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȊȈȓȈ
ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȍȑ ȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȘȈȕȍȍ șȓțȟȈȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȕȈȓ — Ȑ ǷȈȊȍȓ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȥȚȖ — ȟȚȖ ȒȖȏ-
ȓȖȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑ ȕȐȔȜȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ ȖȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ șȖȊȍ-
șȚȐ ǷȈȊȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȖȚ-
ȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȥȚȐȔ ȓȍșȕȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȐȚȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ

233
ǮDZǻdzǿǮ
Ǩȋȕȍșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊ șȔȍȘȚȤ,
ȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȖ țȔ Ȑ ȌțȠȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȘȍȓȣ ǰ ȕȈ-
ȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȕȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȣȠȓȧȧ Ȗ ǩȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȍ ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȏȈȘȐȓ
ȍȍ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȍȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȣȕ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȈ
ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȗȐșȈȓ șȚȐȝȐ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȚȈȒȐȍ ȐșȒțșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
Ȇȕȣȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȦ ǨȋȕȍșȖȦ
«ȅȚȖ — ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ Ȕțȏ șȖȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ —
ȕȍ ȅȘȈȚȖ ȓȐ" ǻ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȈȧ
țȓȣȉȒȈ ǰȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȅȊȚȍȘȗȈ" ǻ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȍȓȖ-
ȌȐȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǰȓȐ șȈȔȈ ǴȍȓȤȗȖȔȍȕȈ" ǻ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚȘȈȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȜȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȣ
ȕȖ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȊȐȞȣ ȚȈȒ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȌȖȟȍȘȧȔȐ ȆȗȐȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ǴȕȍȔȖ-
ȏȐȕȣ».
Ȇȕȣȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș Ǩȋ-
ȕȍșȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȑ șȊȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȥȗȐȒțȘȍȑȞȍȔ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȔ
țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ȉ ȗȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ — ȧȏȣȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȖȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȦ ȌțȠȖȦ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȖȑ Ǩȋȕȍșȍ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȖȉȍȚȈ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȦ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ Ȋ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȏȕȈȓȈ ȚȈȑȕț ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȐȧ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȗȖȥȚț
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȉȣȚȤ ȚȊȖȍȦ ȎȍȕȖȦ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ
șȚȈȓȈ ȉȣ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ
— Ƕ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ǨȋȕȍșȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǺȊȖȧ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȔȐȓȍȍ Țȣ ȔȖȍȔț
șȍȘȌȞț ǷȖȊȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ șȖ-
ȟȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ș ȉȘȈȚșȒȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ǻȣ

234
ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȦ ȎȍȕȖȦ ǨȋȕȍșȈ Ȑ țȚȖȓȐȠȤ ȔțȒȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȚȘȈș-
ȚȐ Ȉ ȧ ȕȍ țșȚȈȕț ȉȣȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔȖȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
— ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȍȔț ǨȋȕȍșȈ — ǷȖȊȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
ȊȍȌȍȚ ȕȈș ȕȍ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȧșȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȖ-
ȘȈȞȐȑ. — Ǻȣ țȒȓȖȕȧȍȠȤșȧ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ, ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȑșȧ — ț Țȍȉȧ ȍșȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ Ƕȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȍ ȌȖȉȓȍșȚȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌȈȘȖȊȐȚȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ǨȋȕȍșȈ
— ǬȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȎȍȕȐȝ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǨȋȕȍșȈ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗȉ ǰș-
ȒțȗȐȚȍȓȍ. — Ƕȕ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȓț-
ȕȈ șȓȈȊȧȚ ǭȋȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ǭȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ — ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȣ Ƕȕ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȍȕ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȈȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ Ȑ ǭȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ Ƕȕ țȒȘȈșȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȍȒ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȏȓȈȚȖȚȒȈȕțȦ
ȖȌȍȎȌț Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȟȍȓȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ǵȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ Ƕȕ ȖȒȘȖȗȐȓ ȔȖȐ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȐ ǹȊȖȍȦ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȇ ȗȘȍȌȈȓȈșȤ ǭȋȖ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȖșȤ ș ǭȋȖ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ țȕȣȕȐȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖ-
ȒȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȐȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ
— ǫȌȍ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȑ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȏȖȊțȚ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ Ȗȕ Ǩȋȕȍșț ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȎȐȋȈȍȚ ȍȔț șȍȘȌȞȍ
— Ƕȕ — ȊȍȏȌȍ ǰ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȔȣșȓȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ǭȔț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ
— Ƕ ȒȖȔ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ" ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ
ȊȍȏȌȍ" ǬȈȎȍ ȉȖȋȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ Ȕȍ-
șȚȈȝ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȣ țȟȈȚ Ȗ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȕȣ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ
Țȍȓȍ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
— ǬȘțȋ ȔȖȑ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ǨȋȕȍșȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ — ȧ ȕȍ
ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ǴȖ-
ȋț ȓȐ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȕȒȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȕȍ ȐȏțȟȐȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȈ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȖȋȐȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȐșȒțșȕȖȑ Ȋ ȌȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȍ" ǪȖȚ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ șȔȍȦ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȍ ȘȈș-
șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȖȑ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȔȖȑ ȕȍ Ȍțȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕ-

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ȕȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǭȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȧ ȒȈ-
șȈȓȈșȤ ǭȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ țȔȈ-
șȚȐȓȈ ǭȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȋȓȈȏȈ ǭȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȎț șȍȑȟȈș
ȚȊȖȐ ȧ șȓȣȠț ǭȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȔȖȐȔ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ǷȘȖșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȕȖ ȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȉțȌț șȖȔȕȍ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȌ ȔȖȑ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ǬȐȊȕȖȋȖ
ǮȍȕȐȝȈ
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ —- ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ǷȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖ ȇ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȍșȚȍȓȍșȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȏȖ-
ȊȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǷțșȚȤ șȈȔȈ șțȌȤȉȈ ȘȍȠȐȚ ȒȖȔț Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ: ȍȔț ȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ
ǨȋȕȍșȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ,
ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȋȕȍȊȍ
— ȇ țȉȤȦ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȋȖ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȈ
— Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǨȋȕȍșȈ
ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȦȕȖȠȐ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț țȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ Ȑ șȍȘȌȧșȤ
— Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȔȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐȦ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— Ǩ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȇ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ ȒȖȔ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȔȈȋȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȗȖȓțȉȖȋȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ-ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ
ȕȍ șȗȈșțȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȈ ȖȚ ȔȍȟȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȐȔșȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȟȈ ȕȍ-
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȧ, șȒȘȣȚȤ
ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ǵȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
țȋȈȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ țȏȕȈȊ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȗȉ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȍȋȖ
șȣȕȈ ȊȖȏȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȓ. ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧȔ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ
ǨȋȕȍșȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ
Ƕȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȌȐȈȓȍȒȚȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȘȐȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ
ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȦ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
șȣȕț Ȑ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ

236
ǷȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ǩȋȕȍșȣ ȓȦ-
ȌȤȔȐ, ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȦ ȊȍȘȖȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȓȍȋȒȖ
șȖȋȓȈșȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ
ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
ȔȖȍȔț șȣȕț"
— ȅȚȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȦ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ǩȋ-
ȕȍșȈ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȏȈȔȣșȓȐȓ ȌțȘȕȖȍ
ǵȖ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȉȣȓ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊ Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ȋȈȓȐȓȍȑșȒȖȑ șȍȒȚȍ Ȋ ȒȖȐȝ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȝȖȚȧ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȓȐ ș ȐșȚȐȕȖȦ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Țȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȠȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȔȈȋȖȋȈ Ȑȏ ǰțȌȍȐ ȘȈșȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ ǷȐȓȈȚȍ ǵȖ ȖșȚȈȊȤ
ȥȚȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ ȌȍȚȧȔ Ȑ ȉțȌȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖȑ ǵȍ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȐȔ ȕȍȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȓȍȗțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍș
Ȑȏ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ǷȖȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ǨȋȕȍșȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȈȓ Ȑȏ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ǺȈȔ Ȋ ǺȈȘȚȈȘȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦȚ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȅȚȐ
ȚȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ
ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȓȦȌȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȔ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ
ǪȍȘȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȐșȚȓȍȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȞȊȍȚț-
ȡȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȊȖȍ țȚȖȓȐȚ ȋȖȓȖȌ ȈȓȟțȡȐȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ǪȖȚ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ǿȚȖ ȌȖ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȐȔ ȕȍȚ ȌȖ ȕȈș
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǶȕȐ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊțȦȚ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȝ șȜȍȘȈȝ ȕȈȔ ȟțȎ-
Ȍȣȝ ǬȈ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȔ" ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȉȘȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ȕȐȝ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȗȧȚȤ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ — ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ
șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȍ. ǷȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȓ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȕȐȦ
ȕȍȉȖȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȖ — ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǵȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȕȈȔ Ȍȓȧ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌțȝȈ Ȋ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊ ǹțȡȍ-
șȚȊțȦȚ ȉȖȋȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȥȚȖ — ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȣ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǺȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ ȖȚȍȞ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤ
Ǩȋȕȍșț ȌȖȊȖȌȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ Ȑ ȞȐȚȐȘțȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑȏ-
ȘȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȅȗȐȒțȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑȏ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ
dzțȒȘȍȞȐȧ ǾȐȞȍȘȖȕȈ ǷȓțȚȈȘȝȈ Ȑ ǹȍȒșȚȈ ȅȔȗȐȘȐȒȈ

237
ǵȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍ Ȑ ȌȐȈ-
ȓȍȒȚȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȔț ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕțȦ Ǩȋȕȍșț
ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȒȘȣȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȋȕȍȊ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
— ǰȚȈȒ Țȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȠȤșȧ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȊ ȔȖȐ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȍȓȐȚȤ ș șȣȕȖȔ ȔȖȐȔ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȍȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȐȧ ǷȘȍȏȘȍȊ
șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȈșȕȐ Țȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍ
șȚȈȕȍȠȤ țȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șțȌȤȉȣ, ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈȔ
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǨȋȕȍșȈ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔțȎȈ
— DzȈȒ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ. — Ǻȣ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȈȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȣ-
ȕȈ" ǵȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȖȉȊȐȕȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȋȖșțȌȈȘ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȍ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȈȔ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ"
ǵȖ Ȑ ȥȚȈ țȋȘȖȏȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȈ ȕȈ Ǩȋȕȍșț ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ
țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȊȈ șȓțȟȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȔȐȘț
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ — ȥȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȌȈȍȚ ȖȉȍȚ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȧ ȌȈ-
ȉȣ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ț ȈȓȚȈȘȧ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ǪȍșȚȣ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑ — ȥȚȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍ ȡȈȌȐȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ
ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȧ ȓȈșȒȐ ȊșȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȍȦ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ǨȓȚȈȘȤ Ǫȍ-
șȚȣ ȐȓȐ ȓțȗȈȕȈȘȐȑ — ȐȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȕȍȚ Ȍȓȧ
ȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȎȈ ǵȍ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ" ǵȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍșȚȈȓȒȖȦ"
— ǷȖȌ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ ǪȍșȚȣ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȌȍȔȖȕ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ ǨȋȕȍșȈ — ȓțȟȠȍ ȧ țȔȘț ȟȍȔ ȗȖșȓțȎț ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȑ șȐȓȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ — ȚȖȗȕțȓ ȕȖȋȖȦ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ
șȖȊȍȚ ȔțȌȘȖȋȖ dzțȒȘȍȞȐȧ — Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍșȚȈȓȒȖȦ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ Ȋ ȓțȗȈȕȈȘȐȐ
ǷȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ țȋȘȖȏț ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔ
Ǩȋȕȍșȣ ȘȈȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȓȐ Ǩȋȕȍșț Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȗȖ-
Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȕȐ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ș ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
Ȑ ȊȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȓțȗȈȕȈȘȐȑ
ǺȈȔ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚȈ
Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȉȣ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȍȎȌț ș
Ǩȋȕȍșȣ ȍȍ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȉȊȐȓȐ ȏȓȈȚȖ-
ȚȒȈȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȍ țȒȘȣȊ ȕȈȋȖȚț

ǵȖȟȤȦ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȓțȗȈȕȈȘȐȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȘȈșȗțȚȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȖ-
Ȍȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȍȍ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȐȉȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖ
ȏȓȖȔț șȖȊȍȚț ȖȚȞȈ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ
ȉȣ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȤ Ǩȋȕȍșț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȓȦȉȐȓ
ǵȖ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȍ ǩȖȋȈ Ȉȕȋȍȓ-ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țȣ ȋȌȍ ȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ǨȋȕȍșȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ
ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ ȚțȌȈ ș ȋȕțșȕȣȔȐ ȞȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȖșȓȍȗȓȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȉȕȋȍȓ-ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȊȖȑ ȉȓȐșȚȈȦȡȐȑ
Ȕȍȟǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȕȍȊȏȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ
ȉȓȍșȒ ȔȍȟȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ Ǩȋȕȍșȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȍȦ ȕȖ ǩȖȋ
ȖȚȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ Ȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȠȐȓ
ǻȏȕȈȊ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȜȍȒȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ țȔȖȓȧȓ Ǩȋȕȍșț ȊȖș-
ȒȘȍșȐȚȤ șȣȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȊȖșȒȘȍș
Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȓȈȊȐȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǰȐșțșȈ ǽȘȐșȚȈ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǹȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ DzȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȌȖ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ

239
ǷǸǰǴǭǿǨǵǰȇ
ǺȍȒșȚȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ǶȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȝ ȕȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȖȉȡȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȒțȓȤȚțȘ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȑ
ǵȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǯ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȒȖȊȖȑ Ǫ
ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ Ȗȉȓ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ǫ ǷȘțȠȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚ Ǩ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȒȈȕȣ ȘȧȌȈ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȑ
ǷȘȐȕȧȚȣȍ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ
DzǷ — ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǫ DzȘȍȔȕȐșȚȣȑ ȗțȚȤ Ǵ [Ǫ Ǵ ǹȈȉȓȐȕ], 1904.
Ƿǩ — ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǫ ǷȖșȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȍșȣ Ǵ DzȖșȚȘȣ 
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ — ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǫ ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ >Ȋ ȠȍșȚȐ ȚȖȔȈȝ@ CǷȉ
ȀȐȗȖȊȕȐȒ [1911-1912].
_____
DzȖȓȖȕȕȣ
DzǷ ǬȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ Ȗȗț-
ȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣ Ȋ DzǷ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ Ȋ Ȓȕ ȒȈȒ ©ȗȖȥȔȣª
ǹȓȖȊȖ
DzǷ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
DzǷ

240
ǹ  Viens-tu troubler... Vie — ©Ǻȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉ ȊȌȘțȋ
țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ / ǹȔțȚȐȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȐȘ"ª ǰȏ șȚȐȝ Ȁ ǩȖȌȓȍȘȈ
©ǷȓȧșȒȈ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȗȍȘ ȅȓȓȐșȈ

ǹȚȍȕȣ ȠȈȚȈȦȚșȧ
DzǷ
ǸȈȏȓȈȌ
DzǷ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ǹ  ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋ — ȅ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋ -
 ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȑ
ȔȐșȚȐȒ ȚȍȖȓȖȋ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤ.
ǹ  ǶȘȐȋȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ șȖȉȖȘȖȔ — ǶȘȐȋȍȕ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌ-
ȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ǨȌȈȔȈȕȚ ȖȒ  – ȖȒ 
 — ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ-
șȒȐȑ ȚȍȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȊȠȐȑ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕț ȗȘȍȌșțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȌțȠ Ȋ șȍȘ VI Ȋ ȉȣȓ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ ȆșȚȐȕȐȈȕȖȔ Ȑ
ǷȧȚȣȔ ǪșȍȓȍȕșȒȐȔ șȖȉȖȘȖȔ.
ǹ  ©Ǫ ȟȈș ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȧª — ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȞȐȚȐȘțȍȚ
ȏȌȍșȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȐȝ ©ȇ ȗȘȐȌț Ȋ ȚȊȖȑ ȚȍȘȍȔ ȉȍȓȣȑª
ǹ 38. «ǯȈȗȍȘȚȣȑ șȈȌ  ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒª — Ƿȍșȕ 12.
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ

ǹ  ©ǴȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȍȍ — ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞª — ȅȗȐȋȘȈȜ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ȉȈȓ-
ȓȈȌȣ Ǫ Ǩ ǮțȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ -1852) «ǹȊȍȚȓȈȕȈ» (1808- Ȗȗțȉȓ
1813) — ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȧ ǮțȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȊȈȔȗȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ©dzȍȕȖ-
Șȍª Ȗȗțȉȓ 
 ǫ ǩȦȘȋȍȘȈ 747-1794).
ǹ  ȌȐȋȐȚȈȓȐș — ȋȖȔȍȖȗȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ-
ȋȖȚȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȍȘșȚȧȕȒȈ
ǹ  ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ — ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȐ ©ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȧȡȐȍª ǷȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȍ-ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȍ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȐșȚȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȍ ǵ Ǩ ǷȖȓȍȊȖȔ -1846), ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȐȑ — Ȗȉ
ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ ǺȍȖșȖȜșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǭ Ƿ ǩȓȈȊȈȚșȒȖȑ -

 Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȚȘȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚț Ț Ȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȋ ȕȖ-
Ȋȍȓȓȍ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȈȍȚ ©ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔª
ǹ 47. Ȋ ȅȘȔȐȚȈȎ — ©ȅȘȔȐȚȈȎª — ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȈȌ ș
ȚȍȈȚȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȚȘȍȗȘȍȕȍȘȖȔ ȇ Ǫ ȁț-
ȒȐȕȣȔ Ȋ  ȋ
ǹ 53. ȥȒȓȈȔȗșȐȧ — ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȍȚșȧ șțȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȈȔȐ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȖșȓȖȎȕȍȕȐȑ
ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ  ȹ 
ǹ  ©dzȈȊșȈȐȒȖȕª ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ǷȈȓȓȈȌȐȧ — ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
ȚȘțȌ ȗȘȍȗ ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ǷȈȓȓȈȌȐȧ ǭȓȍȕȖȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȖȒ  – ȖȒ 
©dzȈȊșȈȐȒ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȊȧȚȣȝ Ȑ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ-
ȞȖȊª
ǹ  ...ǰȖȈȕȕȈ DzȈșșȐȈȕȈ ǸȐȔȓȧȕȐȕȈ — ǰȖȈȕȕ DzȈșșȐȈȕ ȖȒ
360 – ȖȒ 
 — ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȖȕȈȝ Ȑ ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȒ ȔȖȕȈ-
ȠȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȧȌȈ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ
_____

242
ǫȖȓȖș Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
ǨȘȋțș  ȹ  ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȋ
Ƿǩ ǺȍȒșȚ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ Ƿǩ ǰȓȓ ǰ ǫȘȈȕȌȐ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ
ǹ 64. ǽȘȐșȚȐȈȕȈ ǫȦȑȋȍȕșȈ — ǽ ǫȦȑȋȍȕș -1695) —
ȜȐȏȐȒ Ȑ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔ ǬȍȒȈȘȚ ȌȘțȎȐȓ ș ȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȠȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ DzȖȕ-
șȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȔ
ǹ 65. ǷȐȘȖȕȖȔ ǨȕȈȒșȈȘȝȈ — ǷȐȘȖȕ Ȑȏ ȅȓȐȌȣ ȖȒ  –
ȖȒ  Ȍ ȕ ȥ
 — ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȘȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ șȒȍȗȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȓ ©ȉȍȏȔȧ-
ȚȍȎȕȖșȚȤª ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȔț ǨȕȈȒșȈȘȝ — ȌȘțȋ ǷȐ-
ȘȖȕȈ țȟȍȕȐȒ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ ǬȍȔȖȒȘȐȚȈ
ǹ 67. ǩȍȘȕȐȕȐ — Ǭ ǩȍȘȕȐȕȐ -
 ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȑ ȈȘ-
ȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȘ ȊȍȌțȡȐȑ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǹ 73.
...Ǵȥȗș ǴȍȕȌȍȓȍȍȊȈ — ǷȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȣ ȊȐȌȕȣ țȟȍȕȣ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ șȗȐȘȐȚțȈȓȐȏȔȈ ȓȐȉȖ ȐȏțȟȈȓȐ
șȗȐȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǹ 74. «La Morte trionfa dell 'uomo» — ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ȕȈȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔª ȐȚ.).
ǹ. 75. «Éteignez la bougie!» — ©ǷȖȋȈșȐȚȍ șȊȍȟțª ȜȘ.).
ǹ 75. «Lumière» — ©ǹȊȍȚª ȜȘ.).
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȕ
ǨȘȋțș 1913 ȹ 0, ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȋ
Ƿǩ ǷȍȟȈȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ǰȓȓ ǰ ǫȘȈȕȌȐ
ǹ 89. ...ȗȍȘȍȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȐ ǷȓȖȚȐȕ — ȈȕȚȐȟȕȣȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ-
ȐȌȍȈȓȐșȚ -
 ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȍȖȗȓȈȚȖȕȐȏȔȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ țȟȍȕȐȍ ȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȣ ȔȍȚȍȔȗșȐȝȖ-
ȏȈ

243
ǹ 91. «Dȍ arte cabalistica» ǸȍȑȝȓȐȕȈ — ©Ƕ ȒȈȉȉȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍª 
 ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȜȐȓȖ-
șȖȜȈ ȋțȔȈȕȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȋȍȉȘȈȐșȚȈ ǰ ǸȍȑȝȓȐȕȈ -1522).
ǹ 91. ©ǭquus albus», «Doctrina vitaeª ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋȈ — ȅ ǹȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȉȖȘȋ -1772) — ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȑ ȔȐșȚȐȒ ȚȍȖȓȖȋ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȍșȚȍ-
șȚȊȖȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȌȣ ©DzȖȕȤ ȉȓȍȌª 
 Ȑ
©ǬȖȒȚȘȐȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȐª 

ǹ 91. ȅȚȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȣ ș
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ Ȑ șȐȔȊȖȓȖȊ ȘȖȏȍȕȒȘȍȑȞȍȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȚșȚ-
ȊȈ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ ǬțȠȐ Ȋ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȥȔȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ ȚȍȓȈ — Ǫȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȍȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȈȧ ȒȖȗȐȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-
ȕȖȑ Ȓȕ Geheime Figuren der Rosenkreuzer, aus dem 16ten und 17ten
Jahrhundert («ǺȈȑȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȘȖȏȍȕȒȘȍȑȞȍȘȖȊ 16 Ȑ 17 ȊȍȒȖȊ»,
Altona? 1785-1788?). ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ©ȜȐȋțȘȈª ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȋțȦ ©ȌȍȊȐȞț ǹȖȜȐȦª ș șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȧșȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ǹ 94. ǭȍ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ — Ǫ ȒȕȐȎȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȜȘȈȏȈ ©ǺȈȒ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ ȕȍ șȖȊȗȈ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȗȖ șțȡȍșȚȊț ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ».
ǹ 95. ...Victoriae Regiae — ǺȖȟȕȍȍ Victoria regia ȐȓȐ ȊȐȒȚȖȘȐȧ
ȈȔȈȏȖȕșȒȈȧ ȊȖȌȕȖȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȖȊȣȝ
Ȑ șȈȔȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȈ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ǹ 95. ȈȘȉțȚțș ș ȍȋȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȣȔ șȚȊȖȓȖȔ
— ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȐȟȕȐȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȐȟ-
ȕȖȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ Arbutus andrachne).
ǹ 95. ȔȍȖȕ — Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȘȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȕȖȊȐȌ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȍȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȐȧ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȐ
ǹ 102. ǼȐȓȖȕȈ ©De somniis» — ǰȔȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȍȊȘȍȑșȒȐȑ
ȥȓȓȐȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ Ȑ ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊ ǼȐȓȖȕ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȒ.
 Ȍ ȕ ȥ – ȖȒ  ȕȥ
 Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȈȒȚȈȚ ©Ƕ șȕȈȝª șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ
ȌȊțȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ
ǹ 108. ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ — Ǫ ȒȕȐȎȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ȏȈȔȍȕȍȕȖ ȕȈ
©ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝª

244
ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ ȠȍșȚȖȑ
ǹ. 114. Esprit-Saint ... mes yeux — «ǹȊȧȚȖȑ Ǭțȝ, șȊȍȚ șȍȘȌȍȞ
ǹȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȐȓȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȈȏȈª ȜȘ.).
ǻȗȣȘȤ
ǰȚȈȓȐȐ dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ
ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǴȍșșȐȕȍ [CǷȉ@ ȀȐȗȖȊȕȐȒ 
ǹ 124. Ǩ Ǩ ǩȍȓ-DzȖȕȤ ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȖȑ — ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ Ǩ Ǩ ǫȖ-
ȘȖȌȍȞȒȖȑ țȘȖȎȌ DzȖȏȍȓȤșȒȖȑ -
 ȈȒȚȘȐșȍ ȗȖȥȚȍșșȍ Ȏȍ-
ȕȍ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǹ Ǵ ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȖȋȖ -
 ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȈȧ țȊȓȍȒȈȓȈșȤ
ȓțȉȖȟȕȣȔ ©ȌȘȍȊȕȍșȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȔ ȧȏȣȟȍșȚȊȖȔª Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȍ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǵȐȔȜȈ ǩȍȓ-DzȖȕȤ dzȦȉȖȔȐȘșȒȈȧª ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ©ǵȐȔ-
ȜȈª ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȣȚț
ǹ 130. . ..ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ dzȐȓȐȚȖȊȈ Ǫ ȓțȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȊȖ
șȕȍ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ — dzțȕȈȚȐȟȒȈ dzȐȓȐȚȖȊȈ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ ș ȖȒ-
ȒțȓȤȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ dzȐ-
ȓȐȚ Ȍȓȧ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț dzȐ-
ȓȐȚ ȘȍȌțȞȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȗȈȕșȐȖ-
ȕȍȘȒȐ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ǪȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ dzțȐȏȣ ǮȍȓȐ
Ƿǩ

ǹ  «©ǵȖȊȈȧ ȅȓȖȐȏȈª — Ț ȍ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȜȘȈȕȞ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ Ȑ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ǯ-Ǯ ǸțșșȖ -
 ©ȆȓȐȧ ȐȓȐ ǵȖȊȈȧ ȅȓȖȐȏȈª
ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȐȏȌ 

ǹ  ǫȍȘȖ Ȍȍ ǹȍȠȍȓȤ — Ǵ-Ǯ ǫȍȘȖ ȅȘȖ
 Ȍȍ ǹȍȠȍȓȤ -

 ȦȘȐșȚ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȥȗȖȝȐ ǼȘȈȕȞ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
DzȐȕȎȈȓ
ǨȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ȈȘȚȍȓȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ©DzȘțȋª V. Ǵ-dz DzȘțȋ 
ǹ  dz Ǵ dzȍȉȍȌȍȊȖȑ — dz Ǵ dzȍȉȍȌȍȊȈ — ȉȈȓȍȘȐȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȒȈ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ
ǹ  ǹȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȎ ȖȉȐȌȣ — Ȑȏ șȚȐȝ Ǩ ǹ ǷțȠ-
ȒȐȕȈ ©DzȐȕȎȈȓª "

ǹ  ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ǺțȘȋȍȕȍȊȈ — ǵ ǰ ǺțȘȋȍȕȍȊ
(1789-1871) — ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐșȚ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ȈȒȚȐȊ-
ȕȣȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȐșȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȍȕ Ȓ
ȗȖȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȚȖȘȋȍ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ
ǹ  ǼȍȘȕȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈ — ǼȍȘȕȍȑșȒȐȑ ȔțȌȘȍȞ — ȗȘȖ-
ȏȊȐȡȍ ǪȖȓȤȚȍȘȈ
ǹ  ǬȐȌȓȖ — Ȁ-dz ǬȐȌȓȖ -
 ȜȘ ȈȘȚȐșȚ ȉȈȓȍȚȈ
Ȑ ȉȈȓȍȚȔȍȑșȚȍȘ Ȋ -1811 Ȑ ș  ȋ ȎȐȓ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ șȣ-
ȋȘȈȓ ȊȣȌȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȍȚȈ
ǹțȌȤȉȈ
ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǫ dzȦȌȐ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ DzȕȐȋȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ǵ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ
ȌȕȐ 
_____

246
DzȈȒ ȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
ǨȘȋțș  ȹ  ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ
ǼȈȔȈȘȤ
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
ǬȍȔȖȕ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ
ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ
Ƿǩ
Ǫ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ Ȓ Ƿǩ țȒȈȏȈȕȖ ©ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȞȐȒȓȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȚȖ Ȑȝ șȦȎȍȚȣ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȕȐȋȐ ǰȈȒȖȊȈ Ȑȏ ǪȖȘȈȎȈ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ șȓțȎȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ Ǫ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȍ Ȗ șȊ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȍ ȈȊȚȖȘ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȕȍ țȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȐȒȈ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ dzȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ ȊȍȒȖȊª
©ǯȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈª Legenda Aurea) — cȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȝ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ȑ ȎȐȚȐȑ șȊȧȚȣȝ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ XIII Ȋ ȌȖȔȐ-
ȕȐȒȈȕșȒȐȔ ȔȖȕȈȝȖȔ Ȑ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȣȔ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȔ ȉȓ ǰȈȒȖȊȖȔ ǪȖȘȈ-
ȋȐȕșȒȐȔ ȖȒ -
 ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȍȑȠȈȧ Ȓȕ ǹȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ
ǴțȟȍȕȐȞȈ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ
Ƿǩ

ǷȖșȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȍșȣ
Ƿǩ
Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȗ ǷȈȊȍȓ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȍȘȠȐȕȣ  ȹ  ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ Ƿǩ
ǹ 29. ǬȍȞȐȑ — ȚȈȒȎȍ ǬȍȞȐȑ ǺȘȈȧȕ ȖȒ -
 ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘ ǸȐȔȈ Ȋ - ȋȋ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ
ǨȋȕȍșȈ
Ƿǩ

ǼȑșȎȐșȓțȖȓ
DzȖȓȖȕȕȣ
7
ǹȓȖȊȖ
8
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
12
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȠȈȚȈȦȚșȧ
17
ǸȈȏȓȈȌ
24
ǹȍșȚȘȈ
33
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȎȍȕȐȝ
42
ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
55
ǫȖȓȖș Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
64
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȕ
88
ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ
109
ǻȗȣȘȤ
124
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǸȈțȝ
133
ǪȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ dzțȐȏȣ ǮȍȓȐ
139
DzȐȕȎȈȓ
148
ǹțȌȤȉȈ
178
DzȈȒ ȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
186
ǼȈȔȈȘȤ
203

ǬȍȔȖȕ ǨșȔȖȌȍȑ
209
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ
213
ǴțȟȍȕȐȞȈ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȧ
218
ǷȖșȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȍșȣ
224
Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȗ ǷȈȊȍȓ
229
ǨȋȕȍșȈ
233
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
239