DzǸǶǪȄ
ǨǵǫǭdzǨ
ǴȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǺȖȔ I
CȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ
Ǵ. ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ
Salamandra P.V.V.

DzȘȖȊȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ǴȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǷȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǹȖșȚ. Ȑ ȗȘȐȔ Ǵ. ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ. ǺȖȔ I. – ǩ.Ȕ.:
Salamandra P.V.V., 2017. – 158 ș Ȑȓȓ – (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ CCXIV).
©DzȘȖȊȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈª – ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ țȕȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-
ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ȥȗȖȝȐ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǷȖȌȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȖȚȕȖșȧȡȍȑșȧ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȚȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȐȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȗ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȝ
ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȔȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȖȧ
ȟțȌȍșȕȖȔ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȍȏȌȐȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȣȔȐ
ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȐșȚȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ
© M. Fomenko, ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ 2017
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 7

ǸǾǼǰȊ
ǮǻDZdzǹǮ

Ƕ. ǽ-ȟȘȖȗ
ǹdzDZdzǻDzǮ

ǰȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȍȞ ș ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ-
ȞȍȊǪ șȚȈȘȞȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȧȒȐ ȖȗȖȏȕȈȓȐ șȊ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ǵȈ
ȕȐȝ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍȊȏȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ țȋȘȖȏȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȉȘȖșȈȊ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȚȈȘȍȞ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȔ,
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȏ-
ȕȈȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȘțȉȐȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ǻȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȘțȗȣ șȚȈȘȍȞ
ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȘȈșȚȈȧȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǩȍȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȘțȌȐȧȔ ȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ș Șțș-
șȒȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ǷȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȚȘțȗȣ ȗȖȊȍȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ șȊ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȏȈȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑȝ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ©ȒȈȑȏȍȘțª Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
șȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ș ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈșȚțȗȈȦȚșȧ șȊȧȚȣȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚ

Ǯ. ǿȠȓȝȎțȜȐ
DzdzǹǼ ǿ ǯdzǹǼǷ ǽȀǶȄdzǷ
ȖșȖ ȏȓșȎȭ ȝȠȖȤȎ Ȗ ȞȎȕȞȡȦȓțțȩȗ ȘȜȟȠȓș

ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȏȈȌȊȐȎȒț
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȚȖȗȖȚȈ ȕȐ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȖȊ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ǩȕȍȓȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț Ȋ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȍȔ ȖȒȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȊȖȘȈ Ȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȓȈ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȣȔ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȖȔ.ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖșȚȍȓȖȔ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȊȍȘȚȧșȤ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ȇ Ȗșȓȍȗ — ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ
— ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
— ǰ ȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
Ǩȕȍȓȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȘȐ șȐȓțȥȚȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ — țȌȈȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȍ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ Ǫ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ Ȑȝ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȘțȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ Ȑ șȓȖȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔț ȊȐșȐȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȍȚȓȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ — ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȊȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ șȕȍȋ
ǶȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȓ DzȘȈȋȐȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȏȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȓȈ ț ȕȐȝ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȖȍ șȓȍ-
ȗȣȝ ȗȖșȍȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ șȓȍȗȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕȣ
ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ǵȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
ȊȘȍȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ

Ǻ. ǯ-Ȟ
ǹdzDZdzǻDzǮ ǵǮȅǼǾǼȃǿǸǼDZǼ ǸǾǮȍ

14
Ƕȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ǷȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȖȚ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ Ȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ șȔțȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ" DzȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ"
ǹȚțȒ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓșȧ«
ǯȈȉȓțȌȠȐȑ ȗțȚȕȐȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ǺȈȒ
ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǻȎȍȓȤ ȚȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ ȖȚ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ" ǻȎȍȓȤ ȐșȒțșȐȚȍȓȤ
ȔȐȘȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȓ șȍȑ ȟȈș Ȑ ș ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȏȕȧȔȐ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț Ȋ ȒȍȓȤȦ?
Ǫ șȔțȡȍȕȐȐ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȐȞ Ȋ ȎȈȘȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȐȚ-
Ȋȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ, ȗȖȟȍȘȗȕțȊ șȐȓȣ, ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȍȓȤȐ
ǹ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ ș ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ șȐȓțȥ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ș ȗȖȘȖȋȈ Ȓ ȗȖȚțȝȠȍȔț ȖȟȈȋț.
— ǬȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȓȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȈ ȧ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȦ — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓ-
șȧ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ..
ǹ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȖȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȒȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȖȟȈȋȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ șțȝȐȍ șțȟȤȧ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓ-
șȧ ǹ ȖȊȍȟȤȍȑ ȠȒțȘȖȑ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ș ȗȘȐȓȐȗȠȐȔ Ȓ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȔț
Țȍȓț ȗȓȈȡȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȗȈșȚțȠȒȈ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȓȈșȤ ǷȈșȓȈ ȖȊȍȞ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȧȕțȓ
ȋȘȖȔ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȌȖ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ Ȓțȟț ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ ǷȖȠȓȈ ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȈșȤ ȖȚȞȖȊȈ ȋȕȍȊȈ ǺțȚ șȚȈ-
ȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȑ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȧ ȒțȌȈ ȐȌț Ǫșȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȊȣȠȍ ǰ
ȊȖȚ ȊȣșȚțȗ ȚȊȖȧ ȒȍȓȤȧ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓȈșȤ
— ǺȈȒ Țȣ ȗȈșȚțȠȒȈ"
— ǬȈ Ȉ Țȣ ȒȚȖ" ǿȚȖ ȚțȚ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ" ǯȈȟȍȔ?..
— ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ șȓțȎț ǹȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȦ ǴȖȓȦșȤ ǭȔț ȏȈ ȔȐȘ ȏȈ ȊȍșȤ
ȋȘȍȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȓȦȌ ǶȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȧ
— ǶȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ" ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐ-
ȏț" ǯȈȟȍȔ țȠȍȓ Țȣ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ?
— ǿȚȖȉȣ ȉȓȐȎȍ șȚȈȚȤ Ȓ ǨȓȓȈȝț ȖȚȘȍȒșȧ ȧ ȖȚ ȔȐȘȈ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ Țȣ ǪȍȌȤ ǨȓȓȈȝ Ȏȍ șȖȏȌȈȓ
ȔȐȘ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȓ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș Ȏȍ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǬȈȓ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈș Ȉ Țȣ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ
ǭȍ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ș țȗ-
ȘȍȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ș șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍȔ...

— ǶșȚȈȊȤ Țȣ ȚȈ ȗȖȑȔȍȠȤ dzȖȎȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȐ ȇ șȚȈȕț
ȕȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț...
ǰ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȀȓȐ ȟȈșȣ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ȗȕ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȗșȈȓȔȣ șȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȠȓȐ ș țșȚ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȖȟȐ ȗȈșȚțȠȒȐ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧ ȍȍ șȓȖȊ ǯȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȎȋȓȖ ȔȖȏȋ...
ǵȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȟȤ șȍȉȧ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ, ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ
Ȗȕ Ȓ șȗȧȡȍȑ DzȈȒ șȓȈȌȖȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ șȖȕ. DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ
ǯȔȍȧȚșȧ ȒȖșȣ ȗȖ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ.
Ƕȕ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǶȚȗȘȧȕțȓ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȧ...
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ǻșȚȈ Ȓ țșȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ
ȔȐȋ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ« ǶȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȋ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ǹȖ șȚȖȕȖȔ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȟȤ Ȑȏ ȒȍȓȤȐ ǿțȚȤ ȉȘȍȏȎȐȓ șȊȍȚ ǫȘȖȏȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ǹȚȐȝȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ.
ǺȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȓ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȋȖ-
Șȣ — ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔț ȔȍșȚț, ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȕȐȞ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ ǵȍȉȖ ȋȖȓțȉȍȓȖ Ǻȍȗȓȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ǫșȍ ȒȘțȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȎȌȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȈ
șȖȓȕȞȈ — ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȋȖ ȓțȟȈ
ǹ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ șȊȖȐ ȊȏȖȘȣ ȚțȌȈ ȖȚȒț-
ȌȈ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ țȎȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ
ȗȖșȣȓȈȧ ȗȍȘȊțȦ țȓȣȉȒț șȖȓȕȞȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȧȘȒȐȑ ȓțȟ țȗȈȓ ȖșȊȍȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖ
ǹ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȘțȒȐ ȗȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȣȝȈȕȕȣȔ
ǷȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȈșȚțȠȒȈ Ǫ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ
Ȓ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȋȖȘȣ— ȍȑ șȕȐȓșȧ ȊȍȡȐȑ șȖȕ — Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȎȐȓ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ.
ǰ ș ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȘȖȌ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȓȐ Ȋ ȒȍȓȤȍ.
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȕȐȐ ȈȌȎȈȘȞȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȐȋ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȑȝ ȋȘȖȏȍ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȔ
ȋȕȍȊȍ șȊȖȍȔ ȐȏȋȕȈȓ Ȑȝ

ǰ. ǽȜșȓȧȡȘ
ǰǼǷǻǮ
ǩȍȓȖȘțșșȒȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ

17
ǯȈȒȈȚ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓ ǭȋȖ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ
ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȖȔ țȉȖȘȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȏȖȒ ȘȖșȠȐȝ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȧȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
ǨȜȈȕȈș ȕȈȗȍȊȈȧ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ
ȝțȚȖȘ ș ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ
ǭȋȖ ȋȕȍȌȈȧ ȒȖȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ ș ȔțȒȖȦ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȡȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ-
Ȕț ȋȖȓȖșț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȗȉ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȒȍ ȖȊ-
șȈ ǷȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈșȤ ȍȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ǽȓȍȉ ȉȣȓ țȔȖȓȖȚ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȔȍȟȚȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ țȘȖȎȈȍ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓ țȕȣȓțȦ ȗȘȖȚȧȎ-
ȕțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ǰ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȉȍȓȖȘțș ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȗȍșȕȧȔȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȍȊ ȚȧȋȖȚȍȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
— ǵȖ ȕȖ ȟȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȈ" — ș ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ ȖȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ǨȜȈȕȈș
Ȑ ȝȓȍșȚȕțȓ ȒȕțȚȖȔ
dzȖȠȈȌȤ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ
ȖȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȌȓȈȧ șțȝȖȘȍȉȘȈȧ ȕȖ — ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ȔțȎȐȒ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȝȓȍșȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȉȣȓț
ǹȏȈȌȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȐȝȐȑ Ȑ ȍȝȐȌȕȣȑ șȔȍȠȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȒȈȒ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȉțȘȈȊ ȊȖȕȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȓțȝ ȔțȎȐȒȈ
ǨȜȈȕȈș ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ ș ȔțȒȖȑ șȐȌȍȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ-ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȈȧ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ȑ ȏȓȖ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȓȈ
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȋȈ ȕȈȌȖȚȤ" — țȋȘȦȔȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ǨȜȈ-
ȕȈș Ȉ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ©ǪȍȌȤȔȈ DzȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȌȤ-
ȔȈª — Ȑ ȔțȘȈȠȒȐ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȗȖ Țȍȓț.
— ǹȓȍȏȈȑ ș ȊȖȏȈ șȒȖȘȍȑ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ — ȗȖȉȖȘȖȊ ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ
ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȔțȎȐȒ Ȑ ȏȈȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ ȒȕțȚȖȔ
— ǹȚȈȘȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȧ ȌȦȎȍ șȚȈȘȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȘȍȝ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȔț ȖȉȐȎȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈșȓȈȉȓȈ — ȎȈ-
ȓȖȉȕȖ Ȑ ȗȐșȒȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔțȎȐȒȈ șȔȧȋȟȐȓȖșȤ ȋȕȍȊ ȘȈșȚȈȧȓ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȈȝȕțȊ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȝȓȍșȚȕțȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǽȐ Ȑ ȝȐȐ — șȕȖȊȈ ȍȝȐȌȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘțȝȈ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȎțȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǨȜȈȕȈșȈ
«ǰȠȤ ȊȍȌȤȔȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧª — ȘȖȉȒȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȉȖȧȏ-

18
ȓȐȊȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ șȐȌȍȓȖ ȎȈȓȒȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȍ ȚȘȧșțȡȍȍ-
șȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȔțȎȐȒț șȚȈȓȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ șȚȘȈȝ
©ǷȖȗȘȐȚȟȐȓȖșȤª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȠȍǭȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȓșȧ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȎțȚȒȐȑ șȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ șȚȘȈȝ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȍȋȖ
— ǪȈ Ȉ ȊȈ ȟȈ ȋȖ Ȗ Țȣ șȔȍ ȍ ȍȠȤ șȧ" — ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǨȜȈȕȈș
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȝȐȝȐȒȈȚȤ
ǹȚȘȈȝ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȔțȎȐȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ șȔȍȘȟȈ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ
ȉțȘȍȑ șȒȈȗȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȐȒȈȝ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ș ȔȖȓȕȐȍȕȖș-
ȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ șȘȈȏȐȚȤ ǨȜȈȕȈșȈ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ" — ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȔțȎȐȒ
— ǽȐ Ȑ ȝȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȞ șȚȈȘțȠȒȐ ȝȐ
Ȑ ȝȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȕț-
ȎȐȒȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔțȚȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǨȜȈȕȈș ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȖȌ ȠȈȗȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȗșȍȕȧȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȍȔ
dzȐȞȖ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ șțȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ șȚȘȈ-
Ƞȕȍȍ
ǴțȎȐȒ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȒȖș-
ȕȍȦȡȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț Ȉ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ
ȍȝȐȌȕȖ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
dzȖȠȈȌȤ șȚȈȓȈ ǵȐ ȗȖȉȖȐ ȕȐ șȍȘȌȐȚȣȍ ȖȒȘȐȒȐ ȔțȎȐȒȈ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȍȍ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ǨȜȈȕȈș ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȘțȝț ǶȕȈ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ǪȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȏȐȧȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȌȣȘȣ ǭȍ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȢȍȌȍȕȣ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ Ȉ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȖȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȖ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȍȑșȧ
ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȘȈȏȓȈȋȈȊȠȐȝșȧ
ȚȘțȗȖȊ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ.
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ș ȚȍȓȍȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐ-
ȓȈ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȔțȎȐȒ ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȏ țȔȖȘȐȓ Țȣ Ȑȏ-

Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȒț ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȐȌȚȐ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ǶȚȌȖȝȕțȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖ
ǻ ǨȜȈȕȈșȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȊȍșȤ șȚȘȈȝ
— DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȐȌȍȠȤ ȉȈȉțșȧ" — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
șȈȔ ȐȏțȔȓȧȧșȤ șȊȖȍȑ șȔȍȓȖșȚȐ
— ǷțȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȌȈȓȍȒ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȒ ȔțȎȐȟȖȒ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȚȈ-
ȘțȝȈ — ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȑȌț ȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȖȒȘȈșȐȚșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȖȉȖ-
ȓȤȍȚșȧ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȓȦȌșȒȐȔȐ ǷȘȖȋȕȍȊȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓ
Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ǶȕȐ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȘȈȕȈȔȐ Ȉ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȐșȚȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȍ ǵȍȖȝȖȚȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ șȊȍȚț Ȑ ȕȈșȣȓȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȖȘ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ǩȖȋȈ
— DzȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ" — ȐȏțȔȐȓșȧ ǨȜȈȕȈș
— ǷȖ-ǩȖȎȤȍȔț ȧ ȏȖȊțșȤ ©DzȈȘȖȑ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑª Ȉ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ©ǪȖȑȕȖȑª ǷȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȕȐȦ ǩȖȎȤȍȔț ȐșȒȖȓȍșȐȓȈ ȧ ȊșȦ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ǪȖșșȚȈȕțȚ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ
DzȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȧȚ ȖȕȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǴțȎȐȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ țȊȓȈȎȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȖȘ
Ȋ ȊȣșȤ șȚȈȓ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȖȦ
ȊȏȖȘ ȎȍȓȈȧ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ șȚȈȘțȝț șȒȖȘȖ ȓȐ ȋȕȍȊ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȗȖșȚȐȋ-
ȕȍȚ ȔȐȘ ȍȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșȚȈȧȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǩȈȋȘȖȊȖȍ ȏȈȘȍȊȖ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȖȉȓȈ-
ȒȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȣȊȠȐȍ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ȖȉȢȧȚȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ,
ȒȈȒ ȉȈȘȖȔȍȚȘ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȈȧ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȊȠȈȧ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȑȠțȦ ȓȈșȒț Ȑ ȋȕȍȊ ǺȊȖȘȞȈ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ

ǿǼǰǾdzǺdzǻǻǮȍ ǸǮǵǮȅȊȍ
ǹdzDZdzǻDzǮ

ǻǮǾǼDzǻǮȍ ǹdzDZdzǻDzǮ
Ǽ ǿȁǰǼǾǼǰdz

ǪȖ ȌȘȍȔțȟȍȔ ȓȍșț șȘȍȌȐ ȉȖȓȖȚ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȋȓȣȉȈ ș ȗȍȡȍȘȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȝȖȌ Ȋ ȕȍȍ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ
ǬțȘȕȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ȗȘȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦȚ șȐȕȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤ-
ȒȐ ȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ șȓȣȠȈȚșȧ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȣȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȍ
șȚȖȕȣ ȜȐȓȐȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȌ șȍȌȣȔ ȔȠȐșȚȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ
ȊȖȓȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȖȍȚ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȕȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȐȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȓȈȌȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȍ
ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȘȖȕ ȒȈȘȒȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȈȔ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȓȣȉȖȑ ȌȈ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȝȐȡȕȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ țșȗȖ-
ȒȈȐȊȈȧ ȒȓȍȒȖȚȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ șȚȈȘȞȈ ȗȖȟȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ
Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȒȈȔȕȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȓȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȉȘȍȏȎȐȚ ȖȚȚțȌȈ șȓȈȉȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȍț-
ȋȈșȈȍȔȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȌȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȍ ȏȈȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȒȕȧȏȦ ȘȈȉț ǩȖȎȐȦ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ șȒȈȓȣ șȗȐȚ șȈȔ ȌȍȌțȠȒȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȊ șȍȌțȦ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȕȈ țșȚțȗ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȗȕ șȗȐȚ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȗȈȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ȉȖȍȊȖȔț ȒȖȕȦ ȗȖ ȡȐȒȖȓȖȚȒț ȗȘȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ȊȖȐȕ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ țșȣȗȈȓȤȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȚ
ȓȦȚȖȑ ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌȣ

ǯdzǹǮȍ DzǮǺǮ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȗȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ

26
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȋȊȈȘ-
ȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȚȐ ȒȈȘȈțȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ǪȐȓȤ-
ȋȍȓȤȔȈ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ
— Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȔț ȊȣȗȈȌȈȓ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊșȧȒȐȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ
ǭȡȍ ș ȔȈȧ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ǩȍ-
ȓȈȧ ǬȈȔȈ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȍȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ DzțȘȚȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ țȎȈșȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȊȈȘȌȐȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ǩȍȓȈȧ ǬȈȔȈ ȒȈȒȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ"
— ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȖȋȍȕ-
ȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȕȧȏȤȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
țșȚȘȖȐȓ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȗȐȘ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȗȖȓȤș-
ȒȐȑ ȔȈȋȕȈȚ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍȑ-ȎȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȧȓ
Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȖȊȐȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȐȘ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚțȔȈȕȍȕȣ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȓțȋȈȔ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȚȤ
ȔȈȋȕȈȚȈ Ȋ ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȉ Ȏȍȕț ȍȋȖ țȊȍȓ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ șȐ-
ȓȖȑǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȗȈȕȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȓȈșȤ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȚȍȕȤ ȍȍ
ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȐȒț Ȑ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ Șț-
ȒȖȗȐșȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȐȦ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ

27
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌ ǫȖȋȍȕȞȖȓȓȍȘȕȖȊ ȉțȌȍȚ șȓȈȊȍȕ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ Ȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȌȍȚ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǴȖșȒȖȊȐȐ
ǰ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǩȍ-
ȓȈȧ ǬȈȔȈ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
— dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȥȚȈ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖ-
Ȕț șȖȓȌȈȚț ȕȈȠȍȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ș șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ
șȚȘȈȝȖȔ
ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȔȕȦ -ȋȖ ȐȦȕȧ 
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ț ȕȈș ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ
Ǫ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȈȏȈȘȔȣ ȟȈșȈ Ȋ  ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȜȖȕ
Dzȓțȋ șȣȕ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȈȘȔȐȍȑ ȖȗȍȘȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐȐ
 Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ țȕȚȍȘ-ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ -ȋȖ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕȈ ȕȍșțȚ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȈțȓ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȧȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȒțȘȜȦȘșȚȈ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȌȈȕȖ
Ǫ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȕȈș ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ț
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȌȣ ȐȌțȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ȚȘȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ ȒțȘȜȦȘșȚȈ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȐ
ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ
Ǫ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȗȖșȚȣ Ȑ
țȠȍȓ
ǹȚȖȧȓȐ Ȕȣ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȕȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȕȖ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȧȝ ȒțȘȜȦȘșȚȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ șȓȈȉȖȍ
Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ șȊȍȟȍȑ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȞȈȘȐȓ ȎțȚȒȐȑ
ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ
ǵȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȐșȒȖșȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȐșȍȓȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȍ
ȔȈșșȐȊȕȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȓȍȊȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ
Ǫ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȕȧȓȐ ȒȈȘȈțȓ Ȋ șȖ-
șȍȌȕȐȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȠȗȖȘȣ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȉ Ȓ  ȟȈșȈȔ
Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ
ǵȈȔ ȗȖ țșȚȈȊț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ, ȌȈ
Ȑ șȊȍȟȐ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȗȖȚțȝȓȐ șȋțșȚȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șțȔȘȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ 
ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ

ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȒȘȐȗ
ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
ȇ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ — ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ǰȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȈȉȓȦ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ…
Ǫ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȓȐȒ ǩȍȓȖȑ ǬȈȔȣ
ȇ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ
ǩȍȓȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ
ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȘțȒȖȦ
ǶȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȏȈȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȈșȖȊȣȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȞȈ
Bcȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȕȍșȓȐ șȊȍȟȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȒȐ

Ǯ-ȟ
ȅdzǾǻǮȍ ǸǼȆǸǮ
DZǮǯǿǯȁǾDZǼǰ

31
Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȕȞȐȌȍȕȚȍ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ șȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȠ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋșȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȤ ȌȊȖȘ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ Ǫșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȉȣȓȐ
țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȈȓȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȈ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋȐȕȐ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȊȍȕȞȈ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓȈșȤ șȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȟȍ-
ȕțȦ șȊȈȌȍȉȕțȦ ȒȈȘȍȚț ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȐ ȊȖȏȤȔȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȓȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȖȊȖȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȥȚȖȔț ȉȘȈȒț Ȋșȍ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȒȈȓȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ.
ǬȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȦ Ȏȍ-
ȕȖȦ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȐȓȖȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȖȑ ș ȒȘȈșȐȊȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ
ǿȚȖ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȔȍȎȌț șțȗȘțȋȈȔȐ — ȕȍȐȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȊ șȊȖȦ șțȗȘțȋț ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞ-ǹȈȓȈșȚȍ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȖȚȞț
Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ș ȔȈȓȣȝ ȓȍȚ
ǬȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ șȗțșȚȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȡȍȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȈ ǨȊșȚȘȐȦ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȋ
ǩȘȦșșȍȓȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǪȍȟȍȘȈ
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ
ǼȘȈȕȞ-ǰȖșȐȜ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȔ ȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȝȖȌ Ȍȓȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ șșȖȘȣ ȔȍȎȌț
ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȑ șȣȕȖȔ. ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ ǪȍȟȍȘȈ ș ȍȍ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ
ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍȑ ǴȈȘȐȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣșȓȈȕȣ Ȑȏ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑȏ Ǫȍȕȣ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ǼȘȈȕȞ-ǰȖ-
șȐȜ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȤ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊț ǪȍȟȍȘȈ
ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ.
Ǫ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜȈ ȐȏȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ
ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ Ȉ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
Ȑ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
©ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ șȕȐȚșȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȠȒȈ ǪȍȘȕȖ ȧ șȒȖȘȖ țȔȘț. ǹȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȞț ȕȖ
Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ șțȍȊȍȘȍȕ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤșȧª
ǸȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȖȒ ȥȘȞ-
ȋȍȘȞȖȋ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǪȍȟȍȘȖȑ Ȋ

ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ
ǵȈȉȖȎȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ǭȓȐȏȈȊȍȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȍȊȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȐȌȍȐ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȞȐȏȔȈ, ȏȈ ȔȍșȧȞ ȌȖ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ
ǶȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȚțȌȈ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȉȍȏ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȌȈȔ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ țȌȈȓȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȔȐȘȈ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȈȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ-ȋȈȓȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȕȍ țȌȖșȚȖȐȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ
Ǫ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȞȈȘȐȓ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ǵȍțȋȈșȈȍȔȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȓȐȒ ȔțȟȍȕȐȒȈ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜȈ
dzȐȒ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȒȖȕȣ ȉȣȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȍȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕ
ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȔț ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ǸȈȚȟȍȕȐ
ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȕȈȌȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȊȖȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȖȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ǭȓȐȏȈȊȍȚȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ
țȎȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȒȖȠȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ș
ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȐȖȚȈ ș ȓȐȒȖȔ
șȊ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜȈ Ǫ țȎȈșȍ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȊ Ȑȏ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǼȘȈȕȞț-ǰȖșȐȜț
ǵȍȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȍ șȗțșȚȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ, șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ țȍȏ-
ȎȈȦȡțȦ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȦ Ȏȍȕț ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ
ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ
ǵȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȖ-
ȎȈ țȉȐȑȞȣ
Ǫ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ©ǮȐȓȤ ǩȓȈșª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ǼȘȈȕȞ-ǰȖșȐȜ, ȏȈ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȌȖ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ǼȘȈȕȞ- ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȒȖȠȒț ȕȈ
ȌȊȖȘȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȀȍȕȉȘțȕșȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
ǺȈ Ȏȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǪȐȓȤ-
ȋȍȓȤȔȖȔ II ȊȖȑȕȣ ǼȘȈȕȞ-ǰȖșȐȜ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȏȍȕț ȥȘȞ-
ȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝȈ — DzȓȖȚȐȓȤȌț Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȑ Ȗ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ
ȒȖȠȒȍ, ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȣȑ ȔȖȕȈȘȝ ȕȈȌȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȊȏ-
ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȘ-
ȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȒȖȠȒț Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚ-
șȧ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȏȈȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ

ȋȔȓț
ǺǼǹǻǶȍ
ǹȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ

34
I
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȊșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕ, ȌȊȖȍ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑșȒȐȝ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȘȣȠț ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ șȣȕ — ǷȤȍȘ Ȑ ǴȈȚȦȘȍȕ ǵȐȒȖȓȍ.
ǪȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȈ ǻȊȐȌȧ ȒȘȖȊȍȓȣȞȐȒȖȊ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐșȚȖȊ ȋȘȈȜ dzȍȕȞ,
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȉȈȘȖȕț ǯȈȓȤȞȉțȘȋț ȗȈȘȐ
— ǬȍȘȎț șȚȖ ȔȈȘȖȒ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȔȈțȏȍȘȈ șȕȐȔț ș ȒȘȣȠȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǷȈȘȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ.
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ.
ǷȤȍȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȍ ș ȘȈȏȌȘȖȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖș-
ȚȖȊțȦ.
II
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘșȚȊȈ
Ǫ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȖ-
ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ dzțȈȘȍ
ǵȍȉȖ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȐȌțȡȐȔȐ ș ȦȋȈ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ
ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ǹȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȋȘȖȔȈ
ȅȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȉțȘȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔȐ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
Ǫ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȗȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ǪȍȡȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȍȋȖ
ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȚ țȎȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
șȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț-

35
Ƕȕ Ȑ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȉȖȋȈȟȈ.
ǹ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȖȟȐ ȉțȘȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ.
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȚȤ.
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȖȏȋȓȈș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
— ǹȊȧȚȈȧ ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚ
țȎȍ Șțȓȧ ǵȈș țȌȈȘȐȚ Ȗ șȒȈȓț ǩȖȎȍ șȎȈȓȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ
— Ǵȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ Ȗ șȒȈȓț
Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȖȌȖȦ
ǷȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȗȈșșȈ-
ȎȐȘȣ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǹȒȈȓȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȘȈȏȉȐȓșȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ-
ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȉțȘȦ
Ǫ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȗȓȖȊȞȈȔ ȗȘȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȍ Țȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
ǷȖȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȐȔ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȉ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ
ǪșȧȒȐȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȌȖșȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȌȖșȒț.
ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ Ȗȕ ș ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ.
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ șȐȓ ȚȖȕțȓȐ.
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȖȌȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȔȖȓȤȉȣ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȐ.ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȌȖșȒț ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȊșȒȖȘȍ
ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȌȖȗȓȣȓ ȌȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ șȗȈ-
șȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȕȖȟȕțȦ șȞȍȕț
ǷȘȐ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ șȗȈșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ

36
Ƕȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȍȋȖ
șȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȤ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ,
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǶȉȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ
— Ǵȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ.
— Ǻȣ șȗȈș Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ. — ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȕȈȋ-
ȘȈȎț ȗȖ ȞȈȘșȒȐ. ȇ ȉȖȋȈȚ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȍȕ. ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȔȐȘȈȚȤ Ȗ ȧ
ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȔȐȘȈȚȤ.
—ǵȖȒȚȖȎȍȊȣ"
— ȇ ȋȘȈȜ dzȍȕȞ ȐȕȒȖȋȕȐȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ
— ǫȘȈȜ dzȍȕȞ Ƕ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ƕ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ șțȌȤȉȣ ȇ Țȍ-
ȉȧ șȗȈș ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȌȕȦȦ —
ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ
— ǿȚȖ" ǰ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Țȣ — ȔȖȑ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤ"
— ȇ — ǴȈȚȦȘȍȕ ǵȐȒȖȓȍ șȣȕ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȍȓȤȡȐ-
ȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Țȣ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ Ȋ ǨȕȚȊȍȘȗȍȕȍ
— Ƕ ȋȖȘȍ Ȕȕȍ!
— ǴȈȚȤ ȔȖȧ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ǰȚȈȒ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȞȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȤșȧ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ǻȣ țȔȘȍȠȤ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ǴȈ-
ȚȦȘȍȕ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȈ
ǫȘȈȜ dzȍȕȞ țȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
— ǹȎȈȓȤșȧ ǹȎȈȓȤșȧ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȘȐ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȇ ȕȈȋȘȈȉȐȓ Ȋ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȇ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ
ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȍȔ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȔȈȘȖȒ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȊȖȐȔ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȎȈȓȤșȧ
— ǵȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǴȈȚȦȘȍȕ ȏȈȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȗȈȓ Ȋ dzȍȕȞȈ — ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ
— ǫȌȍ Țȣ ȐȏȊȍȘȋ" ǻȉȐȑȞȈ Ȑ ȠȗȐȖȕ!
— Ƕ șȎȈȓȤșȧ șȎȈȓȤșȧ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȋȘȖȔȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓ-
ȕȐȧ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Ȑ ȘȈșȡȍȗȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǺȖȚ Ȏȍ țȌȈȘ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȋȘȈȜȈ dzȍȕȞȈ ǴȈȚȦȘȍȕ ȟț-
ȌȖȔ Ȑȏȉȍȋ șȔȍȘȚȐ.

Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔ — ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓȖ
— ǩȖȎȐȑ șțȌ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȗȘȐȌȧ Ȋ șȍȉȧ. — ǩȖȋ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘțȒȈ ȟȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑȞȈ ȖȉȈȋȘȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȤȦ
ǹȖȖȉȡ ȅȎȍȕ

ǽ ǯ
ǽǾǶǰǶDzdzǻǶdz

39
ǸȖȚț ȘȈșȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ Ȉ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȕȖȟȍ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ
ǯȈȔȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌțȘȕȣȍ
șȓțȝȐ ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȏȕȍȕ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȐ
ȏȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ,
ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȞȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȍȕȐȑ ȊȍȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȣȑ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉȈȠȍȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐ--
șȓțȋȖȑ ǯȈȔȖȒ ȖȗțșȚȍȓ DzȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȘȈșȝȐȚȐȓȐ ©ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȐª ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȏȘȈȏȞȖȊȣȍ ȗȍȟȐ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȐȝ ȝȈȓțȗȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȘȈȏȞȣ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȋȌȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȚȘȖȕțȚȣȔ ȍȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ ȓțȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȕȤ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ
ȧȒȖȉȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȓȦȉțȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤȦ ȕȈ
ȗȘțȌȍ Ȑ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ șȓțȠȈȍȚ șȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȓȍȋȍȕȌț
ȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȓ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ ȕȖȟȐ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȉȈȠȕȍ
ǩȈȠȕȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ǹȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ ȚȖȓșȚȣ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȚȈȑȕȐȒȐ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ
ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȕȐȘȍ
Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǶșȊȍȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȚȐȗȐȟȕȈȧ ȕȍȔȖȟȒȈ — ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȓȈȏȈȧ Ȑ ȗȣȠȕȈȧ ȕȖ șȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȊȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȘȖȊȍȑ Ǩȓȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ ȏȘȍȓȈ șȔțȚȕȈȧ țȋȘȖȏȈ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȐȊȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȣ ȓȈȕȌȣȠȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȘȈ-
șȈȊȐȞȣ ǰ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ țȓȖȊȐȓ Ȑȝ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȓ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȇ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȉȧ
ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓ ȕȖȟȕȐȒ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ǰȏ șȈȌȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȘȖȗȖ-
Țȣ ǬȊȍȘȤ șȒȘȐȗȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȉȐȓȐșȤ ȓȍȚțȟȐȍ ȔȣȠȐ ȇ
ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȟȈș ȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȖ
ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȖȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ
Ǫ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ dzțȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈȌ șȈ-
ȔȣȔ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȖȖȒȈȧ Ǩ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȍ

40
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȑ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚț ȜȐȋțȘȈ
ȊȓȈȌȍȓȐȞȣ ȏȈȔȒȈ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ
șȚȍȕȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȘȈȔȈ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ǩ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȌțȠț ȔȖȦ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȑ
ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ǫȖȓȖș ȔȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȏȊț-
ȟȈȓ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȋț-
ȉȣ ȍȍ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȊȈȔ ȞȊȍȚȣ, — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ƕ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȓȈȕȌȣȠȐ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȑȝ ȔȖȑ ȔțȎ ș ȥȠȈȜȖȚȈ
ȇ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ǵȖ Ȋȣ — ȔȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȈș
ȎȌȈȓȈ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ǪȖȚ, ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȒȖȓȖȓȈ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȖȚ ȒȖȘșȈȎȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ.
— ȇ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȌȍȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǵȈȔ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȧ ȘȈș-
ȗȈȌȈȍȚșȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ șȊȖȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȚ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȅȚȐ ȞȊȍ-
Țȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈșȣ-
ȡț Ȑȝ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ — ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȒȐȕț Ȑȝ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ȚțȌȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȔȖȑ țȗȖȓȏ ȗȖȌ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȍȍ ȋȈȏȈ
ȅȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȖȏȈȌȈȟȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȖȚ-
ȘȍȏȊȐȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ.
— ǵȖ ȧ ȊȈș ȓȦȉȓȦ — ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȓȦȉ-
ȓȦ ȓȦȉȓȦ
ȇ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȍȧ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ Ȑșȗțȋ
— ǸțȒȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
Ǫ ȥȚț Ȏȍ șȍȒțȕȌț ȌțȓȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȒȖșȕțȓȖșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȡȍȒȐ.
ǵȖ ȧ țȎ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȓ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ, țȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗțȓȧ ȕȍ ȒȖșȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȖȓȖș

ǫțȓȒȖ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȖ ȥȝȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȓȣȠȈȕȖ
ȊȕȐȏț
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȧ ȊȣȉȐȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȒȐ ©ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧª ȘȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȘ Ȑ ȊȞȍȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȦȘț ǻȊȣ ȥȚȖ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȍ ȘțȕȖ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȘȐȒȖȔ Ǩ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȘțȚȐȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȦȘȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ
— Ǩȝȝ Țȣ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȝȈ — Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈ-
Ȋȣȑ ȌȍȕȡȐȒ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȈ
ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ ǰ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȐȕțȚ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȦȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȈ
— ǼȖȕ ȀȗȍȝȚ — ȖȚȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȌȖȗȘȖșȍ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȧȕ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȍȕ Ȑ ȔȈȓ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ
ȍȡȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȋȘȐȔ
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȈș ȕȈțȟȐȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȔțȓȧȞȐȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
dzȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǶȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȜȖȕ
ȀȗȍȝȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȠȗȐȖȕȖȔ
ǷȖșȓȍ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖșȚȍȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȟȍȔ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ©ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔª

ǻȖȘȜșȎȗ ǾȡȒȓțȘȜ
ǴdzǹȀǮȍ ǸǾǮǿǮǰǶȄǮ
ǰȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ

43
Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ țȎȈșȕȈ ǻȎȈșȕȈ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȒȘȖȊȐ
țȎȈșȕȈ ȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȍȔȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ ȋȘțȌȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ"
— Ǫȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ
— ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȖȑȕȈ — ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ǷȖȉȣȊȈȊ Ȋ
ȍȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȒȖȋȚȧȝ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ ȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕțȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț dzȖȎȈșȤ ȍȎȍ-
ȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȍȌȈȧ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ
Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȟȍȕȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȍȑ ǬȈȎȍ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ǫȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚț Ȑ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚȍ Ȑȝ ȞȍȕȐȚȤ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ȖȝȊȈȚȧȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍ șȒȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȉȖȍ-
ȊȣȔ ȗȖȓȧȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȍȘȊȖ-
ȉȣȚȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȈȔȗȈ — ȗȘȖșȚȈȧ
ȒțȝȖȕȕȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ șȔȍȕȐȊȠȈȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȍȟț — ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȓȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȔȍȘȚȤ ș ȍȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȈȒșȍș-
șțȈȘȈȔȐ ǪȍȌȤ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȗțȋȈȍȚ ȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȧ Ȉ ȏȘȍ-
ȓȐȡȍ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț
ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȠȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȠȤșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ǶȒȖȓȖ
ȊȈș ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȒȖȘȟȈȚșȧ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȊȈș ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȎȍȚ Ȋȣȓȍ-
ȚȍȊȠȐȔ ȔȖȏȋȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȝȓȣȕțȊȠȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍ-
Țȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ

44
DzȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȑ ǷȈȊȠȐȝ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚ șȚȈșȒȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȉȡțȦ
ȔȖȋȐȓț ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȖȔȤȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȎțȚȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȡȍȑ ȏȈȒȐȗȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȖȑ Ȓțȝ-
ȕȍǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȖȚȊȈȎȈȚșȧ ȗȘȖȑȚȐșȤ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȏȈ
ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȋȘȈȌț ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐȡȈ ȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȖșȚȈȕȒȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ"
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȦ
— ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȡȐȕȈ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȏȉȈȓȔȖȠȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȞȈ ȘȐșȒȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȤ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȓ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȘȍșȚț DzȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋȣ șȚȈȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ șȐȓȧșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț, ȊȖȑȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ" Ǩ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȚȍȔ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȠțȚȒȐ
Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ ȗȖ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔ ȗȖ ȖȗȐ-
șȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȕȈșȓȣȠȒȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȗȓȖȠȕȈȧ ȕȐȊȈ țșȍȧȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ șȚȍȉȓȧȔȐ șȎȈȚȖȋȖ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȈȧ
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȈȗȈȝȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ țșȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑ șțȝțȦ
ȋȓȈȌȒțȦ ȗȖȟȊț
Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ ȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ș ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ, ȊșȍȓȧȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ"
— ǵȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ
— Ǫ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȓțȝȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔ
ȗȈȓȈȚȖȒ ȕȍșșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȘȈșȒȈȚȐșȚȣȑ ȝȘȈȗ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ DzȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ
ȊȈș ȋȘȖȉ ș țȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȑ șȘȍȌȐ
ȗȖȓȧ" Ǫȣ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȓȐ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȊȣȊȍȘȕțȚȤ șȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȌȖșȖȒ ȕȈȒȖȓȖȚȤ ȡȍȗȖȒ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȐȗȧȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȈȠ ȟȈȑ, șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȚȖȓ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȔȤȦ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ șȒȖȓȖȚȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȊȍȘȤ?
— ǹȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ

45
— ǵȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȚȖȓȒȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ Ǫ șȐȓț
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȍ-
ȞȖȊ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȚȖȧȡȐȍ
șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȓȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȉȣ ȖȉȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȣȘȣȔ ȒȐȘȗȐ-
ȟȖȔ Ȑ șȖȓȖȔȖȑ ǪȈȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȕȍȌȖ-
șȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧ
ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǬȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ — ȊȖȑȕȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȚțȗȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȌȖ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȘȈȝȖȊȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ
*
*
*
Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȧșȕȣȝ ȏȐȔȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ
ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ ǪȖȑȕȈ țȎȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȔ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ ȏȐȔȕȐȑ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȐȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ ǴȖȘȖȏ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȟȕȍȊȈȚȖ-șȍȘȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȌȈȓȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ șȕȍȋȈ. dzȐȠȤ ȍȓȍ-
ȍȓȍ ȕȈșȣȗȈȕ Ȗȕ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȖȘȖȏȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȍȕ ȕȈ
ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖșȚȧȝ ȒȘȣȠ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ Ȉ ȗȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ ȒȈȚȧȚșȧ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȐ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȍ-
ȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȓȍȚȈ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ
ǶșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȝȖȚȐ Ȓ ȊȍȘȠȐ-
ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȔȈ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȗȗȈ.
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ǵȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ țȎȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȒȐȘȗȐȟ
Ȑ șȖȓȖȔț șȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
șȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȒȘȣȠȒț
ǶȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦșȤ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț
Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȎȌț ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ
șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ ȘȈȏȔȈȓȍȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȍȌȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈ

46
ǪȖȚ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ șȕȧȚȈ ǵȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȖ-
ȕȧȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȋȘȖȉț — ȘȈȏȖȌȍȚȈȧ Ȋ ȗȍ-
șȚȘțȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊțȦ ȚȒȈȕȤ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȊȍȘȚȒȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȈȧ, ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ
DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ
ǪșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ
țșȖȗȠȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ
Ȑ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ țȓȖȊȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȝ ȋțȉ ȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ
șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȈȎȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȋțȉȣ ȎȐȊȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȉ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘ-
ȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșȕȐȞ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȈȏț ȖȏȈȌȈ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȍȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȝȓȈȌȕȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȍȔ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ

47
©ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȕȐȔȖ-țȔȍȘȠȈȧª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȘțȔȧȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȡȍȒȍ ȚȘțȗȈ Ȓ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǵȍȚ ǺȍȓȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȖȟȍȕȍȊȠȐȔ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȏȠȐȔ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȈ ǵȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ
ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȊȏȌȘȈ-
ȋȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȒ" ǬȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦșȤ ǫțȉȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ƞȍ-
ȊȍȓȧȚșȧ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȍȘȊȣ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȈ-
ȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ ȐșȒȖșȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ țȋȈȌȈȓȐ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" Ǫșȍ
ȉȓȍȌȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔ țȎȈșȍ ǯȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ ȗȖȌ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖȋȖ
©ǵȐȒȈȒ ȉȘȈȚȞȣ ȊȍȌȤȔȈª — ȊȌȘțȋ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ
©ǪȍȌȤȔȈ ȊȍȌȤȔȈª — ȌȐȒȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ Țț
Ȏȍ șȍȒțȕȌț ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȕȖȋ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ Ȍțȝ
ȗȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȏȓȖȑ ȗȈȝȖȚȐ.
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȏȌȖȘ — ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȐ — ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ ȊȍȌȤȔȈȝ"
ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ ǰ șȖȉȘȈȊ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ
ȧ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ.
ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȈ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȋ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ǭȡȍ șȗȈșȐȉȖ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȍ ǵȍ ȗȘȐȚțȗȐ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȔȖȦ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ǪȈș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ"
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ
ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȋțȉȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ...
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȑ șȓțȝ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȜȘȈȏț ȕȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣ-
Ȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȔ șȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȈ
©ȇ ȗȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ»
Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ

48
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȗȐșȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȧ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȍ-
ȚȈ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ ǯȍȓȍȕȍȓȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȓȈ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȘȈȊȒȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋ Ȑ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȘȍȒ ǵȈȠ ȗȖȓȒ țȎȍ
șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ țȗȈȒȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ
ǪȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ țȓȍȋȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȐȘȖȕȐȍȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȎȍȓȚțȦ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞț ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖ
ȧ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȓȐȠ-
ȕȦȦ ȘȦȔȒț Ȉ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ,
șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ șțȍȊȍȘȐȧ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ
țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ"
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍȚ
ǸțȒȖȊȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ
ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȐȌț Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȔț ȝȖȓȔț ȇȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȐ ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȚȍȔȗȖȔ
ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȝ șȖșȚȈȊȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉ țȕȣȓȣȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȎț Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ
șȔȍȓȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ǷțșȚȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ Ƞȍȓȍș-
ȚȧȚ ȖȚ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ ȓȐșȚȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȍȑ
ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȊȠȈȧ ȔȖȦ ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ șȐșȚȍȔț" ǶȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȒȘț-
ȋȖȔǵȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȗȍșȚȘȍȦȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ǷȖȌ-
ȝȖȎț Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȋȓȖȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȉȘȣȊ-
ȒȖȊ ȊȣȠȐȚȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȚȘțȗ
Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
DzȈȒ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ Ƕȓȍȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȍȦȡțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ țȎȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȘȖȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȊțȟȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ ǷțȠȒȐ-
ȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȧȌȐ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș
ǵȈȋȐȉȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȉȣȓȖȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȈ-
ȋȐȊȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ
ǴȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ Ȋ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȈȝ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȖȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ

49
Ǩ ȔȖȑ șȓțȝ ȔȖȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȝ ȓȖ-
ȊȐȚ ȕȍșțȡțȦșȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȕȐȏț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȜȘȈȏț
©ȇ ȗȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ»
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ Ȉ ș ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖȔ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ș
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȍș Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ ǸȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ ȟȍȔȖ-
ȌȈȕ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠțȦșȧ șȘȍȌȐ
ȉȍȓȤȧ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȗȘȧȌȤ
ȇ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘ-
ȔȈȕȍ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȉȊȧȏȈȓ ȍȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȔȈȚțȠȒȐ-ǪȖȓȋȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȔȖșȚȈ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȊȈ-
ȋȖȕȈ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȗȈȚȘȖȕ Ȋ ȘȍȒț Ƕȕ
Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȊșȒȐȕțȊ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȓȍȋȓȖ ȖȚ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠ-
ȓȖ ȕȖ ȒțȗȐȊ ȕȈ ȚțȓȤșȒȖȔ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ
Țț Ȏȍ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȗȘȧȌȤ
*
*
*
Ǫȣ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȧ — ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȣȑ — șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ țȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȟȕȣȝ țȏ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȠțȚȒȖȑ ȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ȉțȌț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȍȕ
ǪșȍȔț ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ
ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
Ǫȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚȍ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȗȘȖ ȌȊȍ
șȊȖȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ șȊȐȚȤ ȔȐȓȖȍ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȣȠȒȖ
ǴȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ.
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȒȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȓȈșșȈ Ȋ ȒȓȈșș Ȑ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ
Ȋșȍ Țȍȗȓȍȍ Ȋșȍ șȊȍȚȓȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈș ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȓȈ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȇ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȘȣȌȈȦȡțȦ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ

50
ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȊ ȗȈȗȈȝț
Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȒȘȣȓ ȖȚ
ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ǵȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ǷȖ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ
ǶȕȈ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȈ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȍȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ, ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ
ǪșȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȖ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ǵȐȕȈ ȏȈȉȍȎȈȓȈ ș
ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȝȖȓȖșȚțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ǷȐȓȐ ȟȈȑ ǪȍșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȓȐ Țȍ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈ-
ȎțȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ, Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȍȕȡȐȒț ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȓȈȔȗț
DzȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȉ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȍ ǵȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȈ
©ǶȚȒȘȖȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧª
DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȔȖȍ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ
©Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȣª —șȘȈ-
ȏț ȘȈȏȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȓȈșȤ ǵȐȕȈ — ©ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȠȤ"ª
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
©ǶȚȒȘȖȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȇ ȝȖȟț Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
Ȋșȍª
©Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȒȖȚȍȕȖȒ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ,
ȒȘȖȔȍ Țȍȉȧ DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȟȍȔ ȝȖȟȍȠȤª
©Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȟȚȖª — ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȓȈȉȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȠȈȘȐȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
Ǫ ȘțȒȍ ǵȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȎȈȚȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖ-
ȓȖș
DzȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ
ȏȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȧ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȟȈ ǻȎȈșȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȑ.
ǬȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗțȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȋ ȧ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ"
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȐȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȔ
ǭȍ ȔȐȓȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ-ȔȈȚȤ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓȈ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȣ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ Ȑ

51
ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ DzȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȎț ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ș ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ ȉȍȓțȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȐșȝțȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǵȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȍ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ șȖ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧșȤ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ǵȖ
ȊȖȚ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǵȈ șȚțȓȍ Ȋ țȋȓț ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȕȖȋȐ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ —
șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ Ǫ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ș ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ ȏȔȍȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȖȑ
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈ-
ȚȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȠȍȊȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǵȐȕȈ
ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȊȗȐȓȈșȤ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȘȈȟȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȐȓțȥȚ
©ȅȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȊȖȧ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ șȦȌȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ"»
— ǷȘȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ — ȏȈȘȣȟȈȓ ȧ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ șȚțȓ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ țȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȑ
ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǵȐȕȣ
ǪȈș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ" — ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
ȅȚȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ǪșȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǵȍ șȒȈȎț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȓȦȉȐȓ Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ Ȓ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȓ ȌȖȔȈȠ-
ȕȍȔț ȖȟȈȋț Ȓ ȌȍȚȒȈȔ Ǫ ȔȖȐ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȈȔȍȟȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ǶȕȈ
— ȖȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
DzȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ, șȊȈȌȤȉț ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ǹȉȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȘȈȒȖșȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȧ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȐȓǪȖȚ ȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ǷȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȍȚ ǶșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǶȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȊȍȘȞȈ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȉțȌțȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȕȍȓȤ

ǵȖ ȚțȚ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍȟȚȖ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȍ DzȈȒ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȘȌȈȔȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
ǰȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ǹ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȝȘȈȗȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȘȊȈȕțȓȐșȤ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȊȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȣȉȣ Ȑ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
DzȈȘȍȚȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȗȖȌ
ȕȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȍȕȍȟȕȖȔ
ȕȈȘȧȌȍ
ȇ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ șțȌȤȉȈȔȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȧȌȤȦ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș...
DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȋț ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ"
DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȗțȚȐ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ"
Ǩ Ȋȣ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ"
ǵȍȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț țȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ
șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ.

ǯȜȞȖȟ ǿȎȒȜȐȟȘȜȗ
DzǰǼǷǻǶǸ

54
I
ǯȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȈȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȊȠȍȑ
ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉț ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȖȕ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ șȘȈȏț ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȉȘȍȌ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȑ ȐȓȐ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȤȍ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǰșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȚȘȍȝ șțȚȖȒ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ șȐȌȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ
Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȍ — ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ
șȘȖȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȉȓȐȏ șȍȉȧ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȊȖȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȧșȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ
ȓȉȖȔ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȔȐ țșȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ǬȈȎȍ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ǯȈȑ-
ȞȍȊț Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǰ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȉȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȐȒ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȐșȍȓ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ șȐ-
ȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ș ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖȔ
ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȏȍ, ȕȍ șȖȕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțșȖȕ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈȧȊț ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈȧȊț ȒȈȒ
ȥȚȖ ȊșȍȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȊȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ Ȏȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȠțȚȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȈ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȑ ȜȈȕȚȖȔ ȗȖȌșȍȊ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ǯȈȑȞȍȊț
ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ
ȗȖ-ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ ȒȈșȈȧșȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ șȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠțȦ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȋȖȕ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕțȦ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț șȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȐȔ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖȔ ș

55
ȉȐȘȦȏȖȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍ
ǵȖ țȎȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȊȣȘȖș
ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȖ
ǶȟȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȘȈȏȖȔ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ
ȘțȒț ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ș șȈȉȓȍȦ ȕȈȋȖȓȖ
ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ
DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȍȡȍ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȒȈȏ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ șȖ șȊȖȍȦ ȘȖȚȖȑ ȖȗțȠȒț ȓȍșȈ ȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȍȋȖ șȔțȚ-
ȕȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȌȘțȎȕȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȖȔ ș ȒȘȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ©țȘȈª
ǼȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȦ șȉȐȓȖ ȗțȓȍȑ ȜțȘȈȎȒț Ȗȕ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȍȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȚȤ Ȑ Țțȋ Ȏȍ țȗȈȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ
ǷțȓȐ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ șȊȐșȚȍȓȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
— dzȖȎȐșȤ, — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
ǸȖȚȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ ǹȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗțȓȐ ȠȓȍȗȈȧșȤ țȌȈȘȧȓȐ Ȋ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓȤ
— dzȍȎȐ ȕȍ ȓȍȎȐ Ȉ ȐȌȚȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȌȖ — ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕț-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ț ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȊ ©ǪȗȍȘȍȌ, ȘȍȉȧȚȈ» — Ȗȕ ȘȐ-
ȕțȓșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȊȐșȚȍȊȠȐȔ ȗțȓȧȔ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȘȖȚȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȗțȠȒȐ ȓȍșȈ — ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ
ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȏȌȖȝ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȍ ȏȈȕȧ-
ȚȐȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȈȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȉȘȈȚȤ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
Ƕȕ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȊȖȓț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌțȉȈ Ȗȉ-
ȚȍȘ ȊșȗȖȚȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ ǯȈȒțȘȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȕ Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȕȍȔȍȞ-ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐșȚ Ȋ șȍȘȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȈșȒȍ ȊȣșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒțșȚȈ Ȑ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȕȈȊȍȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ǯȈȑȞȍȊț
ǭȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ șțȝȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȔȍȞ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȑ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȠȚȣȒȐ țȎȍ ȝȘȐȗȍȓ Ȑ
ȌȈȊȐȓșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȊȣȒȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȈȒ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȌȣȔȕțȦ ȗȈț-
ȚȐȕț ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȖ-

56
ȋȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȋȐȉȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ Ȉ șȈȔ Ȗȕ șȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ
ȕȈȉȖȒ
— Ǩȝ Țȣ ȗȖȌȓȍȞ ȥȚȈȒȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ, ǰțȌȈ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ,
ȉȘȈȚȞȣ ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ" — ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȓȒȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ șȋțșȚȧșȤ, șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ DzȘȈș-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
II
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ Ȋ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔ ȍȔț ȟțȎȖȔ Ȑ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓ Ȋ țȔȍ ȖȚ
ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǸȈȕȈ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȍȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ-
șȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ȉȖȓȍȓȈ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ
ȌȕȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȔț ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȍȋȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȔȖȋ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȈȎȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȔț ȏȈȓț
ȅȚȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȓțȉșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȊȕȖ ȋȖȌ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȈȓȤșȍ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȈ-
Șȣ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȍȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ
țȏȒȐȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ș ȕȍȧșȕȣȔȐ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ
ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓȐ șțȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȈ Ȑ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȖ-
ȒȚȖȘ Ȉ șȍșȚȘȣ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȕȈȌȍȎ-
Ȍȣ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȕȍȧșȕȖȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȔ ȗȖȓțșțȔȘȈȒȍ ȏȈȕȈȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȈȔȗ ȗȘȖȊȍȧȓ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȈȧ ș ȗȈȘȚȐȍȑ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ șȍșȚȘȈ
ǻȊȐȌȈȊ ȍȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ.
ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ, ȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȑ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓșȧ ȕȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȏȖȊțȚ
ǷȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȏȈȓț Ȑ
șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ Ȏȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǯȈȑ-

57
ȞȍȊǶȕ ȖȗȍȘșȧ ȕȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȓțȓȍȎȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔțȟȐ-
Ȕȣȑ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȗțȓȍȑ,
Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ǫțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ". ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ"
Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ
III
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣȗț-
ȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖ-
Ȕț Ȑȏ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑșȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȕȈ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȑ
ȓȐȕȐȐ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȍ Ƞȍ-
șȚȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ
Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓțȉțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț țȏȒțȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȍȊȐȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȠȐȘȔȖȑ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ Ȋ țȋȓț ȘțȒȖȔȖȑȕȐȒ ȕȍțȒ-
ȓȦȎȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȡȐȒȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȝ ȚȖȕȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȈȗȘȍȓȤ-
șȒȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖ ȔȈȕȐȓȈ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȞȊȍȚ Ȑ ȊȍȘȐȓ, ȟȚȖ ȍȔț Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǽȐȘȖȔȈȕȚȒȈ ș dzȐȋȖȊȒȐ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋȣ-
ȗțșȒȖȔ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒ
 ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈ ȚȖȎȍ
Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȑ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȗȘȐșȍȊ ȕȍȟȈȧȕ-
ȕȖ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȔȖȓȤȉȍȘȚț șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȚȤ ȊȐȌ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȤȦ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒ
 ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȈȧ ȐȔ
țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȑ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈșȕțȓ
ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȣ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȑ șȖȕȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȐȔ
ȐșȗȣȚȈȕ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȈ
ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ-ȚȍȚȒȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ǷțȠ-
ȒȐȕșȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȏȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȔȧȕȕȐȒȈ-șȐȘȖȚț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȍȑ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔ șȣȕȖȔ ǹȚȈ-
ȘțȠȒȈ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȏȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȐșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ

58
— ȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȉȈȉțȠȒȈ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȉȈȉțȠȒȖȑ ș ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȍȚȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȏȈ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȈȉț-
ȠȒȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȖȔț ȍȍ ȓȐȞț
— ǶȌȍȊȈȑșȧ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȉȍȘȐ ȝȖȓșȚ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȐ ǭȌȍȔ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȝȖȓșȚ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȐ"
— ǵȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȎț ǵȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ
— DzȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȗȐșȈȚȤ-ȚȖ"
— ǹȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȍȌȍȔ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȧȔ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȚȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈ-
ȎȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓșȧ ǻȎȍ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȏȍȚȍ"
— DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒțȦ ǵȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȖșȚȈȕȍȠȤșȧ ȌȖȊȖ-
ȓȍȕ — ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ
ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍ țȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȉȣ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
IV
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒȖȑ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ț ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȝȖȌ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȉȈȉțȠȒȐ Ȉ ț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȅȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȒțȌȈ ȒȈȏȐșȚȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȟȍ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȊȖș-
șȍȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țșȈȚȣȑ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ Ȋ ȓȐȊ-
Șȍȍ Ȑ ș ȜțȘȈȎȒȖȦ Ȋ ȗȖȏțȔȍȕȚȈȝ
ǯȈȊȐȌȧ ȉȈȉțȠȒț Ȗȕ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȖ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ
ǹȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȉȈȉțȠȒȖȑ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȖȉȠȐȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ țȉȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȍȍ ȗȣȠȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȊȒțșȕȖȍ ȧșȕȖ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ Ȗ ȘȖșȒȖȠȐ ȚȖ Ȗ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ǹȔțȚȕȈȧ
ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȊȍȧȓȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈșȤ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊț ǯȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈ
șȚȍȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȈȧ Ȋ ȒȈȗȖȚȍ ș ȗȓȈȚ-
ȒȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ — Ȋșȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȉȈȉțȠȒȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ
ȗȖȎȐȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑșȒțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐ-

59
Ȟț ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȑ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȈ
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȒȖȕȟȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș mon-
sieur ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ș ȕȍȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ǩțȌȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȚȘȍȏȊȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȉȣ ȖȚȒȈȏȖȔ
ȐȓȐ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȤȉȍ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȍȔț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ ǵȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȟțȌȈȒ Ȑ
ȊȍȘȐȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
șȕȧȚȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ Ȗȕ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȖ șȕȍ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ șȖȋȓȈșȐȍ șȊȖȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ
— ǷȘȖȑȌȍȔ Ȓ ȕȍȑ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȚȈ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ș ȉȍȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ǫȘȖȉ ȊȍșȤ țȚȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȌȣȔ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȖ-șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȒȐșȍȐ ȖșȍȕȧȊȠȍȑ ȌȍȊȐ-
ȟȤȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ,
ȟȚȖ ț ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȌȣȝȈȕȤȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǵȍȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȉȘȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȖȓȖșȖȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ ȉȣȓ
ȟȐșȚ Ȑ ȚȖȕȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ ȋțȉȣ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ ȚȘȖȋȈȓȈ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȚȖȟȍȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȓȈȉȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȖȒ.ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ©ǪȐȧª Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȔț
șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȍȉȧ țȊȍ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȈ DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȖȑ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ
ǽȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ǶȊȓȈȌȍȊ șȊȖȐȔ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȈȧ — ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȉȣ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȔȖȘȖȟȈȚ
ǩȈȉțȠȒȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟț Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȟțȚȤ
șȓȣȠȕȖ
— ǫȖȓțȉȟȐȒ ȗȘȖșȚȐ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȘțȝț ǿȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ Ȍȓȧ
Țȍȉȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȗȐȠȐ dzȍȕȖȟȒȐȕ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǻȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓțȉȒț

60
ǰ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ
DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȍȕ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȝȓȣȕțȊȠȐȝ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țșȗȍȓ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȖ ȊȍȒȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗțȝȓȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȘȈș-
ȕȍȓȐ Ȉ șȚȘȖȋȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȖȔȐ-
ȕțȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ș ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȌȈȎȍ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ǸȖȊȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ
ȚȖȎȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓ șȖȊșȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǪȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȞȈȘȈȗȈȊ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ț
ȕȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȍȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȏȈȋȓț-
ȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȣȕțȚȣȍ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐ-
ȒȈ ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȓșȚ .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
V
ǸȈȉȖȚȈȧ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȟȈȝ ȧȘȒȐȔ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȓȐ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȋȖȓțȉțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȒȍ
ȋȘȖȉ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȍșȤ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ țȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȚȘțȌ Ȑ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȍȔț ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȘȍȡȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȐȠȍȚ șȗȧȡțȦ
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȖȒȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȒȘȣȑ Ȋȍșȍȕ-
ȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ ǿȈȌȧ Ȑ
ȌȣȔȧșȤ, ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ șȊȍȟȐ ȒȐșȍȧ ȏȈȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ ǻ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ șȎȈȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȔț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ țȔȍȘȠȈȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȘȖȉț ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȐșȤ ț ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ
ȕȈ ȊȐșȒȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȧ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖ-
șȚȐȕțȦ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȚț
ǯȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȊȒȖ țȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊșȒȓȖȒȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ș ȘȣȎȍȦ ȉȖȘȖ-
ȌȖȦ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈșȈȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȍ.
— DzțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȦȕȖȠȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȏȒȖ ș ȚȘț-
ȌȖȔ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȊȐȌȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț — ȈȓȐ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ"

61
ǰ, ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȣȔ
ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ș ȝȐȚȘȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ:
— ȇ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȇ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȓȍȟȐȓ ȕȈȠț ȉȍȌȕțȦ dzȍȕț
ǺțȚ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȍȘȒȖȑ Ȑ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȈȧ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ
— ȇ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ monsieur ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȘțȌ"
ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȘȈșȕȍȧ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȐȧ șȕȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ
ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȒȖȗȐȦ ș dzȍȕȖȟȒȐȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ
ǽȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ș ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǯȈȑȞȍȊț ȧșȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
— ǬȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ǵț ȊȖȚ, ȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȧ șȗȐȟȒț ȏȈ-
Ȏȍȋ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȊȍȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȧȦ Ȓ
ȏȘȈȟȒț ǸȍȈȒȞȐȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȧ
ǽȖȏȧȑȒȈ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǵȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊț ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȌȖ-
ȓȍȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ, ȒȓȖȕȧ ȒȖ șȕț Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȕȈȒȐ-
ȕțȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ.
ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȒȘȧȒȕțȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȎȍȓȈȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ șțȕțȓ ȍȔț ȌȊțȋȘȐȊȍȕȕȣȑ
— ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȤȍ ǰȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȦ"
— ǬȈ ȊȐȌȍȓ — ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
— ǮȈȓȒȖ Ȑȝ ȖȟȍȕȤ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȗȈșȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȒȘȧȒȕțȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȚțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
VI
ǯȈȕȧȚȣȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȒȈȒ ȌȖȍȝȈȓ ȌȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǪȏȖȑȌȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȗȕ șȍȓ ț
ȖȒȕȈ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȕȐȔȈȧ ȜțȘȈȎȒȐ

62
ǺȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȐȋȘȍȏȐȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȈȉțȠȒȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒȖȑ ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȈȓȐȚȘț
— ǭȌȍȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȖȕȈ ǯȈȑȞȍȊț șțȘȖȊȖ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȕȐ
ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȍȌțȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȍȌțȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒțȦ
țȓȐȞț.
ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȉȈȉțȠȒȈ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ Ȑ ȐȏȊȖȏ-
ȟȐȒ Ȑ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ǬȊȖȘȞȖȊȖȑ
ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ — ȗȖȌȓȍ ȅȘȔȐȚȈȎȈ ǰ ȎțȚȒȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȍȔț
ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȅȘȔȐȚȈȎȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ ȔțȔȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȈ
Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȕȖ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ țȎȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈ-
ȓȍ ȅȘȔȐȚȈȎȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞȍȑ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȓȐȚȈ Ȑ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȈ ȔȈ-
ȕȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ, ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȚȖȟȍ-
ȕȈȧ, ș ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ
ǪȍșȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ, Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȍ Ǽț-
ȘȈȎȒȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ șȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ
Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ ȍȌȊȈ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ǬȍȕȡȐȒ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ Ȋȕȍș
ȠȐȗȧȡȐȑ șȈȔȖȊȈȘ Ȑ ȏȈȊȈȘȐȓ ȟȈȦ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȟȈȠȒț ȘȈȏȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ țșȊȖȍȕȕȖ-
Ȕț ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ǭȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ
ȋȓȈȊț
ǶȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȖȚ ǴȈȘȒȈ ȗȧȚȈȧ ȋȓȈȊȈ Ȗ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ ȌȖ-
ȟȍȘȐ ǰȈȐȘȈ Ǫ ȟțȚȒȖȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȟ-
Ȓȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖȠȍȓ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ǰȐșțș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȋȖȘȦȦȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ: ©ǿȚȖ
ȔȖȓȐȚȍ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȍȚȍșȤ" ǶȚȘȖȒȖȊȐȞȈ ȕȍșȚȤ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȕȖ șȗȐȚª
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ dzȍȕȈ ȎȐȊȈȧ — ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȔȣșȓȤ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȎȐȊȈȧ ǵȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȕȖ șȗȐȚ ǰ ȍȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ǭȔț ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ȔȈȚȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ
Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
— ǶȕȈ șȗȐȚ — șȚțȟȈȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋț
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȈȧ ǩȍȎȈȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȗȈșȚȐ
ȍȍ. ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȈ ȋȓȈȊȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ șȊȣ-
Ƞȍ

63
ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖ ȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȑ ȌȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȟȈșț ȕȖȟȐ ș ȕȍ-
ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌȐȒȖ
ǰ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣȑ ȉȣȓȖ
șȈȗȖȋ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȍȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ ǪșȚȈȕț țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ țșȚȘȖȦ
Ƕȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ țșȕțȓ ȕȖ șȗȈȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ǪȖ șȕȍ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȗȕ țȝȔȣȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȣȎțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȌȘȈȏ-
ȕȐȓ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ
— ȅȝ Ȋȣ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȏȈ ȓȖ-
ȒȖȚȤ — Ǩ ȌȈȑȚȍ-ȒȈ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȕțȦ șȗȐȟȒț ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȦ Ȓ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔǷȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ǷțȠ-
ȒȐȕșȒțȦ ǭȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȠȊȍȑ-
ȞȈȘȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ șțȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǶȗȖȏȌȈȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ ǻȊȍȏȓȐ ȕȈȠț ȉȈȘȣȠȕȦ ȕȈ ǹȔȖȓȍȕ-
șȒȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ
— DzȈȒ" — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ȏȕȈȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ǰȔ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȍ ǶȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȕȐȚȤ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȐȚȍ Ȏȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ǰ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ Ȏȍ ȉȈȘȣ-
Ƞȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȑ ǵț ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ
Țȍȉȍ ȎȐȊȈȧ ǸȖȊȕȖ șȗȐȚȤ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ-ȓȐȝȈȟ ȔȟȈȓ ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ ȕȈ ǹȔȖȓȍȕșȒȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐ-
ȡȍ ǷȖȘțȟȐȒ ȒȖȓȖȚȐȓ ȊȖȏȕȐȞț Ȋ șȗȐȕț ȘțȒȖȧȚȤȦ ȠȈȠȒȐ
ȗȖȋȖȕȧȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȕȈ ȟȈȑ ȗȧȚȤ
ȞȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ ǷțȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ Ȑ ȕȈȝȓȍș-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
— ǹȚȖȑ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȔ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ dzȍ-
ȕȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ ș ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ ǶȕȐ țȓȣȉȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȚȘȧșȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȉȖȌȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒȍ ǬȖȒ-
ȚȖȘ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȗȖȧșȕȐȞț șȊȖȍȑ ȌȈȔȣ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧ Șȣ-
ȎțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȓ ȍȍ ȘțȔȧȕȖȑ ȡȍȒȍ
Ǫșȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ dzȍȕț ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ

ǯȈȑȞȍȊț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ǰ Ȗȕ ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
VII
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ ȋȖș-
ȗȐȚȈȓȍ ȟțȎȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ș ȏȈȉȐȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ
ȗȓȍȟȖȔ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ" — șȊȍȘȓȐȓȖ Ȋ țȔȍ ȍȋȖ
ǰ ȍȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ,
ȖȕȈ ǪȍȌȤ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ș ȚȖȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ
ȌȖȔȈ
ǩȈȉțȠȒȈ ȚȖȎȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȚȘȐ șȗțșȚȧ
DzȈȒ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ dzȍȕȈ ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȋȘȖȉȖȊțȦ ȒȘȣȠț Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ Ȋȍșȍȓȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ"
DzȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȊȖȓȐ ȘțȒȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ȌțȠȖȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȌȖȊȖȌȣ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ
ǰ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ șȖȑȌȍȚ
ș țȔȈ
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȏȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ
Ǫ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ
— dzȍȕȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȠȈȋȕțȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
— DzȚȖ ȏȖȊȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ
ǵȖ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȟțȊșȚȊ

DZ ǽȜșȖșȜȐ
ǽdzǾǿȀdzǻȊ

67
I
ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȔȍȚȈȓ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȏȈȊȈȓȐȊȈȧ
ȐȔȐ ȊșȦ ȈȓȓȍȦ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡțȦ Ȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țșȈȌȤ-
ȉȍ ǻșȈȌȤȉȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȈ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈȔȐ ǷȖȔȍȡȐȒ-ȗȖȓȧȒ ȏȈȉ-
ȘȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȞȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ țȍ-
ȝȈȓ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȖ-
ȌȕȊȠȐȐșȧ ȊȣȘȖșȠȐȑ ȗȖ-șȖȉȈȟȤȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȍȊȈȔ
ǵȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔ ȗțșȚȣȔ ǰ Ȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȒȈȒ
ȕȈ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ țșȈȌȤȉȣ ȗȘȐșȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ țȓȈȕȣ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȍȚ ȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȒȈȏȈȒȖȊ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȦȚ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȣȔȐ
șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȚȤ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒțȝȕȐ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ
Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȗȖ-ȗȖȓȤșȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȚ Șțș-
șȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ Ȑȝ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒ Ȑ Ț Ȍ
ǵȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȕȍȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ
ȒȈȟȈȓ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȍȌȍȊȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ
ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗȖȒȖȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȈȒ șȊȖȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȏȧȑ-
ȕȐȟȈȓȐ ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȍ ȋȖșȚȐ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȕț ȚȈȒ Ȕȣ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȔ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȤ — ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ Ȑ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȑ
șȐȓȣ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǷȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ șȓȈ-
ȉȖ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ țȓȈȕȣ ȥȚȖȔț țȌȈȘț Ȑ șȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȐȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȢȍ-
ȝȈȓ Ȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȞț șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈșșȣȗȕțȦ ȝȖȚȍȓ țș-
ȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȗȍȘȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘȈșȗȈȝ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȍ-
șȚȈȘȍȓȣȑ ȗȘțșșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȠȚȈȉȕȣȝ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ Țțȋ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ" — șțȘȖȊȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ

68
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȍ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȣȚȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ-
șȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ
II
ǻșȈȌȤȉȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȠȚȈȉ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ
ǵȍȔȞȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȔȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȕȕȖȔ ǪȐȘȚȖȊșȒȖȔ ȘȖȧȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖȧȏ-
ȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȜȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ ȖȚȊȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȒȐȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȋȌȍ
ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȌȖȊșȒȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȒȘȣȚȖȔ
ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ șȈȜȤȧȕȖȔ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȔț
ȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ țȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ ȗȖȔȍșȚȤȧȝ.
dzȦȉȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȐȕȖ Ƕȕ
șȚȘȖȋȖ-ȕȈșȚȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ ǰȖȕȚȍȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȝȖȏȧȑș-
ȒȐȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȊȐȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȔț Ȉ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔ ȕȍ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȓǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ș ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȘțș-
șȈȒȈȔȐ" ǶȕȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȔ
— ǷȈȕȖȊȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȊȐȕȖ ȊȈȠ Ȏȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȏȈȗȘȍ-
ȡȈȍȚ, — șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ Ȑȝ țȝȖȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤ-
ȞȍȊ
— ǵȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ Ȕȣ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ,
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȗȖșȔȍȍȠȤ ȕȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȗȖ-
șȔȖȚȘȐ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ — ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȗȘȣȡȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ Ȑ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ șȈȉȓȦ Ȑȏ-
ȘțȉȐȓ ȌȊȍ ȔȈșȓȧȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ
ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ
ǬȐȊȐȏȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȉȍȏȌȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ. ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȑ

69
șȚȈȘȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍȔ șȐȋȈ-
Șȣ ȍȌȖȦ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ ȌȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ș
ǰȖȕȚȍȒȖȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ șȦȌȈ ȕȈȠ ȒȈȑȏȍȘ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȈșȚ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ
ȘțșșȒȐȔ șȊȐȕȤȧȔ ȜȍȜȍȘț! — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȖȔț șȓț-
ȋȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȏȈȒțȚȣȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȖȋȐ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ
—ǨȊȖȚȐȕȍȏȈȌȈșȚ
ǼȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ ȘȈșȒȘȐȟȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈ-
ȕȐȍ șȓțȋȐ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȗȖȔȐȓțȍȚ"
— ǬȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȍȔț ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖ ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ǹț-
ȒȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐ ǻ ȕȈș ȗȖȓȧȒȐ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȘțȒȈ ț ȊȈȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍȦ șțȔȍȍȚ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍșȗȖȘȐȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǰȖȕȚȍȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǴȕȖȋȖ
Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈșȓț-
ȠȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȔȍȓȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț
— ǻ ȕȈș Ȋ ǷȖȓȤȠȍ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȈȧ ǷȖȓȤȠȈ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȈȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȐȚșȧ Ȑ țȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȗȘțșșȖȊ Ȑ ȈȊșȚȘȐȧȒȖȊ
— ǷȖȓȤșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ
ǼȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ ȒȘȧȝȚȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ș ȕȖȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ șȚȈȒȈȕ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȊȐȕȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ Ȑ șȔȧȋ-
ȟȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ
— ǵȈȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȣ Țȍȉȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǵț ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǵȍ șȚȘțșȐȊȠȐ, ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȘțȒȖȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ:
— ǺȈȔ ț ȗȈȕȈ Ȋ ȠȒȈȜț ȍșȚȤ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ șȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȖ«ǰ, ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȏȈȠȈȘȒȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ,
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȐȊȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȠȒȈȜț
Ȑȏ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȖȘȍȝȈ
ǷȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ș ȗȖȓȒȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔțȦ ȒȕȐȋț
— ǪȖȚ ȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖ-ȕȈȠȍȔț ȗȖ-ȗȖȓȤșȒȐ șȔȣșȓȐȚȍ

70
ǼȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȥȚț ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗțȏȈȚȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ȗș-
ȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȓ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȍ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȗȈ-
șȈȧșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȝ ȓȐ ȚțȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ
— ǺțȚ ț ȗȈȕȈ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȖȑ ȏȈȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȊȗȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
©DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȐȚșȧ ș ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȧ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȗȘȖȓȤȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌțȚ ȚȧȎȒȐȍ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȈȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ-ǷȖȓȤȠȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȟȈșȖȔ ȍȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȔțȒ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ ǵȐ ȗȘțșșȣ ȕȐ Ȟȍ-
șȈȘȞȣ ȕȍ ȖȌȖȓȍȦȚ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ ș ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ Ƕȕ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȓȍȚ ȚȖ
Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ǪȖȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ
Ȑ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȧȚșȧ Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ — ȎȌȐ Ȑ ȚȍȘȗȐ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌª
ǼȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȒȕȐȋț ȕȈ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓ-
șȧ ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ șȓțȟȈȍȊ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣ ǵȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȔ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȈ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Țȣ șȊȖȦ ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒțȦ ȒȕȐȋț— ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ǰȖȕ-
ȚȍȒț Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȖșțȠȐȓ ȊȍșȤ șȚȈȒȈȕ
— ǵț țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț" — ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ
șȚȍȕȈȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȐȠțȚ ȊșȍȔț ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǪȖȕ ȚȖȎȍ ț ȕȈș Ȑȕȣȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȊȍȘȧȚ
ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȧȔ
ǩȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣȍ țȠȐ ǰȖȕȚȍȒȈ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȖȎȍ
ȉȣȓ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț
— Ǩ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍ" ǸȈȏȕȣȍ ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȌȤ ǵȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ
DzȘȧȒȕțȓ ȜȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȖȔȈȕȐȓ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȧȒȈ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȠȈȓȒȍ
ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
— ǬȖșȚȈȕȤ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȈ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȚȡȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȎȒț Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȝȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǪȐ-

71
ȌȐȔȖ ȍȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ǰȖȕȚȍȒȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȋȖ
©ǭșȓȐ ț ȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȖșȈ ȒȘȖȊȖȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȘȈȕȍȕ
ȚȖȚ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȏȈȗȐșȒț ȕȈ ȘȈȕț Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈ-
ȕȍȚ ȚȍȟȤ DzȚȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ǷȖȓȖȎȐ
ȥȚț ȉțȔȈȋț ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ Ȑ țȒȖȓȐ șȖȉȈȒț ȐȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ»
ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȟȐȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ȅȚȖȔț ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȜȖȓȤȊȈȘȒȍ ȍșȚȤ ȌȊȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȜȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȟȐȚȈȚȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ
— ©ǩȐȕ Dzțșțș dzȦșȚțș ǵȈȘȍȕ ǯȐȉȍȠ ǴțȕȈ ǰȍȏțș ǴȈ-
ȘȐȧ ǰȖȏȍȜª
ǷȘȐ ȟȚȍȕȐȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȚȘȍȝ șȓȖȊ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȕȈȉȖȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ,
— ȍȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉȍ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘ DzȈȘȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌ, Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȗȈȗȣ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȒ ȗȈȕ" — ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ ȋȍ-
ȕȍȘȈȓȈ șȓțȋȈ
— ȇ șȈȒșȖȕȍȞ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ ȜȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ ȧ Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȋ ǩȖȋȈ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȉ ȚȖ ȊȈȠȐ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȊȈȉȣ ȒȖșȚȍȓȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȦȚ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓț ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȏȈȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș
Ȏȍ șȕȧȓ ș ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑȏ ȈȓȦȔȐȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȧ șȚȈȘȖȔț ǰȖȕȚȍȒț ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȕȖșȐȠȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȍ
ȕȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȗțȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȐȚ șȈȉȓȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ șȈȔ
țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ!
ǹȓțȋȈ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ǼȖȕ ǩȘȦ-
ȋȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȚȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ
ȊȍȡȐȞț
Ǫ ȚȘțȉȍ ȏȈȊȣȓ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȠțȘ-
ȠȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ șțȝȐȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ șȚțȒȕțȓȈ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕ-

72
ȕȈȧ șȚȈȊȕȧ șȈȒșȖȕșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȊ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȤ-
Ȟȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ
III
Ǫ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ Ƞȍȓ ȒțȚȍȎ ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȓȐ ȊȐȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ ǬȊȖȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȑȋ-
ȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ
ǰȖȕȚȍȒ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȐȘțȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ, ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
șȓțȋț Ȑ ȖȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ȅȑ ȗȖȓȤșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȚȈȔ ȒȘȈȌȍȠȤșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȠȗȐȖȕ ȒȈȒȖȑ
ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț ȖȎȐȌȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȍȔț șȒȈȎțȚ
— ǸȈȏȌȖȉțȌȤ ȔȍȌȈ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ț Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȐ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ șȗȘȧȚȈȕ
— ǵȐ ȔȍȌȈ, ȕȐ ȊȐȕȈ ț ȕȈș ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȚ — ȖȉȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
Țȕȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ
— ǷȖȐȡȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ǷȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȔ Ȉ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȔ — ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȚ ȒȈȘȚ ȌȍȘȏȒȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ țȎȍ
ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȔȈȑȖȘ — ǷȖȌȐ șȦȌȈ
ǷȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȗȖȗȓȍȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ǰȖȕȚȍȒȈ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȟȚȖȉ ȔȍȌ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȍșȚȤ — ȏȈ-
ȖȘȈȓ ȗȘțșșȈȒ ȕȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȓțȋț.
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤșȒȖȍ
ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ" ǻȒȘȈȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȈȔțȓȍȚ" ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ
ȥȚȖ ȗȖȊȍșȐȔ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȈȔțȓȍȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȉȖȐȚșȧ
șȈȌȐȚȤșȧ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ.
— ǵț ȗȖȓȤșȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȗȖȒȈ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȔ șȍȑȟȈș
ȕȍșȐ ȕȈȔ ȊȐȕȈ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȈȑȖȘȈ
ǰȖȕȚȍȒ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍ-
Ȕț ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ

73
IV
ǷȘȖșȣȗȈȓȖșȤ țȚȘȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖȍ Ǫșȍ ȒȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȣșȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ǰȖȕ-
ȚȍȒț ȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ țȔȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ
ȚțȈȓȍȚ
— ǺȈȔ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȈȕȍ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȈȠȍ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ
ȒȖȓȤȞȖ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ șȓțȋȈ
— Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȖȕȖ"
— ǬȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȚȍ-
ȘȧȓȖșȤ! ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȕȍșț
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȜȍ ȥȚȖ țșȗȍȍȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ȕȈȗȐȚȤșȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ
ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ Ǫ țșȈȌȤȉț ȗȘȐșȒȈȒȈȓ ȗȘțșșȒȐȑ țȓȈȕ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȓȈșȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȖ, ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ șȚȈȓȐ șȍȌȓȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȚțȚ ȉțȌțȚ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ — ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȣ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȍșȤ ȠȚȈȉ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ țȎȍ
șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȊȖȕ Ȑȏ țșȈȌȤȉȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȊȈȧ Ȗ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȖȔ ȜȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȚȖ ȔȖȋ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕțȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ǹ
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ǰȖȕȚȍȒȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȈȒșȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ
șȍȌȓȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȉțȞȍȜȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ
ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ țșȈȌȤȉȣ țȎȍ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȔ ȋȘȐȊȈȔ țȌȈȓȣȍ șȚȈȕȐȟȕȐȒȐ
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȜȖȕ ǩȘȦȋȍȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȕȈ
șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȒ ȔȍȚȒȐȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ Ȑȏ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ șȊȈ-
ȓȐȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȒȈ-
ȒȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ
ǹȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗțȓȍȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȊȠȐ
ȘțȒȐ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȍ Ȑȏ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ, țșȚȐȓȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȈȓȓȍȦ ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ

ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȞȒȐȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ țșȈȌȤȉț
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ǰȖȕȚȍȒ, ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȌșȓȍȗȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ Ȉȓȓȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈȉȘȍȓ ȕȈ țȉȐ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ
DzȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȑ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȒ Ȗȕ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț Șț-
ȒȐ ȖȚȚȈȡȐȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȖȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȏȈ Ȍț-
Ƞț țȉȐȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ țȚȘȖȔ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț Ȑ
ȕȈȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ

ǮȞȎȚȖȟ
ǽǾǶǰǶDzdzǻǶdz
ǵȖȊȖȋȖȌȕȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ

76
Ǫ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȈȔȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ
ǶȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȒțșȒȈȔȐ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȎ-
ȕȖ ȟȖȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖ-
ȋȖ
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȊȐȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȐȓ-
ȓȍȘ — ȌȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ǫȈȓȓȍȘ ȒȓȐȒȕȐ-
Țȍ șȓțȋț ǰ ȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ" Ǫȣ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ Ȑ ȝȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ ȓȈȊȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ"
— Dz ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǫȈȓȓȍȘ — Ƕ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȅȚȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș
Ƕȕ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ
ȟȈșȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȋ șȗȐȕț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȓțȋț-
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈ Ȑ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȝȖȟȈ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȦȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ — ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȈȑȖ-
Șț — ǵȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȕȈȔȣȓȐȓ ȍȔț
ȠȍȦ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
șȓțȋȍ:
— ǷȘȐȕȍșȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȠȒȈ ǻ ȕȈș ȐșșȧȒ ȊȍșȤ
ȏȈȗȈș ǮȐȊȖ
— ǵȖ ȊȐȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȚ șțȌȈȘȤ — ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȓț-
ȋȈ
— DzȈȒ ȕȍȚ" ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȐȕȖ — ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȗȖȓ-
ȒȖȊȕȐȒ. — ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȥȚȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ! Ǵȣ ȘȈșșȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ǵȖȊȣȑ ǫȖȌ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȔ-
ȒȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȈ ȋȖȘȌȧȟȒȈ ȏȈȉȓȈȋȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ țȌȘȈȓȈ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȔ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ȊȐȕȈ ȇ ȊȈș ȗȘȐȒȈȎț ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȖȓ-
ȊȈȕ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȊȐȕȈ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ"
— Ǫ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ ȊȐȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȐ
ȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȚțȌȈ
ǷȖȋȘȍȉ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ
ȚțȌȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȕȍȎȐȓȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ

77
— ǿȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȚȘțșȐȠȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȗșȍȓ" — șȍȘȌȐȚȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ" Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ" — ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ. — ȅȚȖ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ, ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȋȣ"
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ǵȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȕțȎȌȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȕșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ DzșȚȈȚȐ ȔȈȑȖȘ DzțȘȚ ȋȌȍ Țȍ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍ-
șȚȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȈȝ" — ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȖȊ.
— ȅȚȐ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȐȌțȠȐȚȤ — ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȔȈȑȖȘ.
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉț-
ȚȣȓȒȈȔȐ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — ǵț șȚȈȘȐȕȈ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ
ș șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊțȝ ȔȖȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȚȈȡȐȚȍ ȊȐȕȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȊȈș ȗȖȊȍ-
Ƞț ȒȓȧȕțșȤ șȈȚȈȕȖȑ ǬȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǹȓțȋȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȌȊțȝ ȗȘțșșȈȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȐȓȐ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȦ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ țȌȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ǯȈȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȉȒȐ
ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ șȚȈȒȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ
ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ș ȒȘȈȚȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ ȊȈș ș ǵȖȊȣȔ ǫȖȌȖȔ — ȏȈȗȓȍȚȈȦ-
ȡȐȔșȧ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ. — ȇ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȋȖ-
Ȍț Ȕȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȕȐȝ Ȕȣ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȍȔ Ȑ ȔȍȘȏȕȍȔ Ȋ
șȣȘȣȝ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȧȝ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȔ ǫȖȌț Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȡȈȌȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤ Ǵȣ
ȗȍȘȍȘȍȎȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍ ȡȈȌȧ ȕȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǽȖȝ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȌȘțȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ©ȝȖȝª Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȖȒȈȚȤșȧ
șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ — șȓȈȌȒȖ ȏȍȊȕțȊ
ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — Ȉ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȇ ȚȈȒ
țșȚȈȓ ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ șȓțȋȖȑ
ǶȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ țȏȒȐȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȔȐ

ȉȖȑȕȐȞȣ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ǻ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȐȧȊȠȈȧ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȉȍȓȤȍȔ
ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ — ȕȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ǹȓțȋȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȏȈȎ-
ȎȍȕȕțȦ șȊȍȟț ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȘȈȏȌȍȓșȧ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓ șȊȍȟț Ȑ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ șȔțȚȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț
ǪȖȘȖȟȈȧșȤ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȐȝȐȑ șȒȘȐȗ ȖȚ-
ȊȖȘȧȍȔȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ
ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț
ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ, ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ ȊȖȓȖșȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȜȖșȜȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ǭȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ
ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȉȓȍȌȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘțșșȈȒȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗȖȓțȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋȣ-
ȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȖ șȚȖȕȖȔ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ
ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȗȘțșșȒȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȋ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ
ǵȈ ȍȋȖ Ƞȍȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȧșȕȖ șȓȍȌȣ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȣ ȌȐ-
ȒȐȔ țȎȈșȖȔ

DZȓȜȞȑȖȗ ǽȎȐșȜȐ
DzǰǼdz

80
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ Ȕȣ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ Ȋ ȦȎȕȖȑ ǫȈȓȐȞȐȐ ț ȖȚȘȖ-
ȋȖȊ DzȈȘȗȈȚ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ
ǵȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ țȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȉȣȓȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣșȗȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ
Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȚșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȋȖȕȊȍȌȖȊ Ȉ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ ș ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȉȍȏ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȋțȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȑ ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȕȖ-
ȘȖȊȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȐ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȓ țȚȘț ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȍȔȍȓȐ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȓȍ
șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ș ȏȈȚȊȖȘȖȔ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȕȈȔ ȥȚȖ
ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ Ȕȣ ȊȣȉȐȓȐ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȍȊ Ȑȏ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȉȈȘȈȕȤȍ șȚȈȌȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ Ȑȝ ȉȈ-
ȚȈȓȤȖȕȖȊ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȔȖȒ
ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȓȦȌȐ țșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȓȖȌȈȓȐșȤ — ȘȍȠȍ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǯȈȔȖȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȕȖȔ șȒȓȖȕȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘ-
ȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȍș Ȋ ȖȋȖȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȌțȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȖȚȘȖȋȈȝ DzȈȘȗȈȚ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȠȈȉȈȠ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ǵȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȏȈȔ-
ȒȈ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ș ȟȍ-
șȚȤȦ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȚȐșȒ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȒȈȔȐȕȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉȈȝ
șȚȖȕȈȓ Ȑ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ țȟȈșȚȤ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȖȊ ǯȈȔȖȒ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈȒȘȣȚȣȑ șȚȖȓ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȍțȉȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȘȖȏȣ Ȋ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȝ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȈȏȈȝ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȑ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȐ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ș ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ Ȑ țȋ-
ȘȦȔȖȑ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȕȣ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȔȒȈ ǭȋȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȈȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȔȐ, Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ șȚȐȓȤ Luis ;9, ȗȈȘȒȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȣ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȊșȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȒȈȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȠȚȖȜ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȉȖȐ ȉȓȍȒȓȣȝ ȚȖȕȖȊ — ȗȖȌ ȞȊȍȚ ȔȍȉȍȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȜȖȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈȝ Ȑ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȏȈ-
ȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȓȦȉȖȑ Ȑȏ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȔțȏȍȍȊ ǪȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ ȏȈȔ-

81
ȒȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȑ ȓȍȚȖ Ȑ ȏȐȔț ȖȉȓȈ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȐȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȒțȟȕȣȔȐ
Ǫ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȕȈȠȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ
ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ǴȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ țȟȍȕȐȒ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈ-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ Ƕȕ ȐȋȘȈȓ ș țȗȖȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈș-
ȓȈȎȌȈȧșȤ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȤ ȓȐȠȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ
ȔȍȓȖȌȐȕ ǫȘȐȋȈ Ȑ ǰȍȘȕȍȜȍȓȤȌȚȈ ȖȎȐȊȓȧȧ Ȑ șȖȋȘȍȊȈȧ ȚȐȠȐ-
ȕț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȔ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ǬȘț-
ȋȐȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ©șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖȔª Ȋ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȖȑ Ȉ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț țȎȍ ȘȈ-
ȕȍȍ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȊȠțȦ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ
ǩȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȈ ȊȖșȤȔȐțȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ șȖ șȚȍȒ-
ȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȧȘȒȐȍ
ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȋȈȓȐȞȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ǶșȊȍȚȐȊ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț ȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȈȓșȧ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȒȕȐȋ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȝ,
ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȈȘȔȐȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚ
ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȖȔ
ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȏ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȊȘȈȋȈ
Ȋ caȔȖȑ ȚȐȝȖȑ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ȒȈȒ șȊȧ-
ȚȐȓȐȡȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȋȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ǫ
ȍȍ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȐȚȊȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȖȏȐȌȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȘțȠȈȊȠȐȍ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȐ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȖȎȐȊȈȓȐ
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈȝ;
ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȋȖȓȣ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȑ șȐȧȓȐ ȓțȟȍȏȈȘȕȣȍ
șȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈțȒȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȏȈ-
ȓȐȚȣȍ ȓțȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȐȍ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȕȈ-
șȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧȔȐ ȇ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȒȘțȚȧȡȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȓȖ-
ȔȐȕȒț Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȊ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ — ȒȕȐȋț ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕȣ ȔțȟȍȕȐȟȍșȚȊȈ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ
ȌȖȓȋț Ȑ șȍȘȌȞț ȉțȌțȚ șȐȧȚȤ, ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȐȝ ȉȐȚȊ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ ȖȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ

82
ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ǫ ȊȣȠȐȕȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȦȎȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȊȍ-
ȏȌȣ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ Ȑ ȒȘȖȚȒȖ ǩȓȍșȒ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȗȖȋȈșȐȚȤ
ȥȚȐȝ șȊȍȚȖȟȍȑ — Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȒțȚȈȓ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ
ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȐȕțȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȌ
ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤȦ, — ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȦȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȘȐȚ ȥȓȍ-
ȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȋȈșȕȍȚ Ȑȝ ȖȋȕȐ ȏȈșȐȧȦȚ ȚȍȔ ȧȘȟȍ«
Ǫ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȍȌ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȚȐȝȖ Bșȍ ȉȣȓȐ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ șȕȍ; Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȈȧ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȕȍ Ȗȗ-
ȘȈȊȌȈȓȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȕȦ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȧ Ǫ ȉțȜȍȚȍ Ȑ ȒȓȈȌȖȊȣȝ ȏȈȔȒȈ
Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȕȣȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȐ ȟȍȔ Ȗ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȝ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȌ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ
ǹȚȖȓȖȊȈȧ Ȋ ȌȊȈ șȊȍȚȈ ș ȝȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ș ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȖȒȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈȔȐ
ȉțȜȍȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȚȖȕțȓȈ Ȋ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȖȓ ȉȣȓ ȧȘȒȖ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȤȦ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȌȍȊȧȚȐ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȍȓȧȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȚȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȝ șȊȖȑ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ — ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖ-
șȚȐ ǰȝ țșȚȈȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ șȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȘȍȔȕȧȔȐ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒȈȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ șȚțȓȤȍȊ ȖȉȐȚȣȝ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȖȎȍȑ Ȑȝ ȠȗȖȘȣ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȌțȉȖȊȣȑ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ ǶȕȐ
ȍȓȐ ȟȍȘșȚȊȣȍ șțȝȈȘȐ Ȑ șȖȓȖȕȐȕț ș ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȝ ȚȈȘȍȓȖȒ șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȘȖȏȣ
ȓȈșȒȈȓȐ șȊȖȐȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ Ȑȝ ȖȉȖȕȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȚțȗȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȖȚ
ȗȖȘȖȝȈ. Ǩ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȔȐȕȍ ȘȣȌȈȓ Ȑ ȊșȝȓȐ-
ȗȣȊȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȘȐȦȚȕȣȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ — ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ,
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȖșȍȕȕȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ — ȕȖȟȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ ȇ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ
Ȕȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ șȕȈ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ țșȚțȗȐȚȤ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȔț dzȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ, ȧ ȕȈțȌȈȟț Ȋȣ-
ȕțȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȖȔȐȒ: ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ
ǽȍȘȕȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ țȎȍ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȔ

83
ǵȐȗȗȖȕșȒȐȔ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ șȖșȍȕ ȔȍȎȌț
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ ȊȣȗȓȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȋȖȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ Ȋȍȓ ȉȍșȍȌț ș șȈȔțȘȈȧȔȐ Ȋ ȓȈȚȈȝ, șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ ȗȓȧșțȕȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȥȚȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȣ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȡȐȒȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ
ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ǫȈȊȘȐȓȖȊ ǹȚțȗȈȑ șȗȈȚȤ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȕȈȓșȧ ș ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋț
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȈțȓ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ" ǹȔȍȕȈ țȎȍ ȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȈ Ǻȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ șȗȈȚȤ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ
— ǶȕȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ
— ǵy, ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" Ǻȍȉȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ" ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ
ȒȈȘȈțȓȐȚȤ"
— ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȒțȠȈȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȣ
ǷȖȟȍȚȕȈȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȗȖȟȐȊȈȓȤȕȍȑ ǵȈȗȖ-
ȓȍȖȕȈ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǻ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȍșȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ
ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȏȏȈȊȍȚȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȟțȧȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȕȟȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȖ
ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ țȎȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȟțȌȣ
șȗȈșȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ oȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȍȕȈ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȍȋȖ Ȗș-
ȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȑ DzȘȖȔȍ ȕȈș Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȊȖȑȚȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ Ȉ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ șȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȈțȓȍ
ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȍ șȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ǨȘȋțȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔȣȍ
ȕȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ ȗȓȖȝȖ țȔȍȓ ȜȖȘ-
ȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȍȊ
Ȗȕ ȕȈțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȊșȍȋȖ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȖșȐȔȖȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ șȗȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖȟȐȚȈȊ ȍȡȍ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȧ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǩȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȈȧ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ,
ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȘȍȍ Ȑ

84
ȉȓȐȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȈȕȍȍ Ǫ ȏȈȔȒȍ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ șȗȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȐȏȋȕȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊȚȖȘȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȍ
ȗȘȈȊȈ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȊȠȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȟȈșȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ǪȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ȇ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ
ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȉȘȍȏȎȐȓ șȊȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȍȡȍ
ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ș ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ" ǵȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒțȌȈ
ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȒȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȣ șȚȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ǶȚȊȖȘȐȊ ȖȒȕȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȠȈȋȕțȓ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ Ȑ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȍȘȐȓȈȔȐ ȉȈȓȦșȚȘȈȌȣ.
ǹȚȖȓȖȊȈȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȞȍȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȍȔ Ȋ ȓȖȎȍ ȅȚȈ șȞȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȈ
ǹȊȍȘȝț ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧșȕȖ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț Ȋ ȗȈȗȈȝȍ ȖȉȓȖ-
ȒȖȚȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȕȈ ȘțȎȤȍ DzȈȒ ȏȈȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
șȗțșȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ȊȐșȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȗȖ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ, ǪȈȕ-ǬȍȑȒȈ ǵȈ
ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȋȖȘ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȝ ȒțȌȘȧȊȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȋȣ-
șȚțȗȈȓȈ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȈ ,, ǵȈ
ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȚȜȖȘȚȣ șȖ ȠȗȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘțȎȍ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȜȚȈȕ ǶȘȌȍȕ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ǸțȕȈ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȈȧ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȈ ș ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȤȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ǶȌȕȈ ȘțȒȈ ȘȣȞȈȘȧ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȥȜȍșȍ ȠȗȈȋȐ ȌȘțȋȖȦ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȏȈ-
Ȋȍșȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȍȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ ǬȊȍ
șȖȉȈȒȐ ș ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȘȌȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ
șȚȘȈȎȍ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ
ǭȡȍ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ǰȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȓȐȞȖ — ȎȐȊȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȈȊ-
șȚȘȐȍȞ, ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȗȘȐȕȞ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ
— ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȥȗȐȋȖȕȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȉȘȖșȐȊ șȊȖȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțșșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ ǺȍȔȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȚȚȍȕȧȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ

85
ȓȖȉ ȘȣȞȈȘȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȋțȉȣ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȡțȘȍ-
ȕȣ ȓȖȉ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȘȖȚ — Ȗ șȓȈ-
ȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȐȐ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȓțȒȈȊșȚȊȈ DzȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒ-
ȘȈȚ" DzȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȜȓȖȚȖȔ
ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȖȊ ȐȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȓ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȖȊȣ Ȋ ȐȔȗȍȘș-
ȒȖȔ șȖȊȍȚȍ" ǵȍșȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȗȈȋȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ Ȑ
ȟȍșȚȕȖȔ ȉȖȦ ȐȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȍȦ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ
ș ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȞȖȊ-ȐȍȏțȐȚȖȊ" ǭȋȖ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȖȓȖȔ-
șȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȧȡȕȣȔ Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ-
ȠȈȧ ȎȖȕȋȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȔȐ ȞȐȚȈȚȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȜȐșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȟȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ǶȘȌȍȕ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ǸțȕȈ
ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȐȕȈ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐ ȥȚț ȋȘțȌȤ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȍȑ ȕȍȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐȔȣȝ șțȌȍȉ șȖȠȍȌȠȐȍșȧ ȓȐ-
ȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț — șȣȕȖȊȤȧ ȌȊțȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȐȝ șȊȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȗȖȘ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǶȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȍȕ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȟȍȕ ȌȘțȋȖȑ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ǫșȧ ǨȊșȚȘȐȧ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȈ
ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȕȍ ȚȈ ǨȊșȚȘȐȧ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȈȧ
ȘȈșȗȈȌȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȗȖ ȒțșȒȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȋȕȐȦȡȐȑ ȚȘțȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȔ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȈȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȌȈȘ — ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȖ-
ȋțȟȈȧ Ȑ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȖȊ ǭȍ ȊȍȟȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ȖȏȈȘȧȓȐ ȒȖșȚȘȣ ȐȕȒȊȐȏȐȞȐȐ ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȤȧ ȊȖȏȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȔȐ ȚȘȖȕȈ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȓȈșȤ ȓȍșȚȤ ȜȈȕȜȈȘȣ șȓȈȊȣ șȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧȔȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȝ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȌ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȗȧȚȖȦ.
ǬȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ Șț-
ȎȤȍ ǷȖȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȣȑ Ȑ șȍȘȣȑ,
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȋȘț-
Ȏȍȕȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȋȈȓȍȖȕȖȊ ȕȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȈțȚȖ-ȌȈ-Ȝȍ ȕȐ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȝ ȊȍȕȞȖȊ, țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȉȐȕȈȔȐ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǵȖ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȉȖȓȖȚ Ȑȏ ȓȍșȖȊ, ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȝ șȕȍ-
ȋȖȔ ȖȚ șȚțȗȍȕȍȑ ȊȍȚȝȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌșȒȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ, Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ș șȖȉȖȦ ȚȈ-

86
ȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȚȊȍȘȌțȦ ȊȖȓȦ ȉȍșȝȐȚȘȖșȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȕȈȐȊȕțȦ ȊȍȘț Ȋ
ǩȖȎȐȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈ Ȑ ȔȍȘȣ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖ
ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȖ șȕȖȔ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȋȖȘȌȖȋȖ ȏȈȔ-
ȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȖȚȕȐ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȘȈȊȕȧȍȚșȧ ș ȗȘȈȝȖȔ ȟțȎȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ
șȊȧȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ ȗȘȍȌ ȖȚȟȐȏȕȖȑ ǵȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦȡȈȧ ȉȓȍș-
ȚȧȡȐȍ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȐ ȊșȍȊȐȌȧȡȈȧ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȈȧ țȎȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȏȍȔȓȐșȚȖȍ șȍȘȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ șȊȖȍȑ șȓȈȊȣ ǭȋȖ ȔȖȏȖȓȐșȚȖȑ
ȘțȒȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȑ șȖȝț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȌțȓȖ ȊȐȕ-
ȚȖȊȒȐ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȐȞț Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ǵȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȓȣȉȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȗȖȊȍȧȓ Ǭțȝ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȟȐșȚȣȑ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȑ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ Ȗȕ șȚȖȐȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ
ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȕȈ șȔȍȕț ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ
ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȍ.
HȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ǩȍșȒȘȖȊȕȖȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȍ
șȐȓ ȖȕȖ ȗțșȒȈȍȚ Ȋ ȝȖȌ șȊȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ — ȚȍȔȕțȦ
șȐȓț ȒȖȊȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ ȕȖ
Ȋ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȍȍ țȎȍ ȕȍȚ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ
ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȘȍȚșȧ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȧ șȗȓȦ Ȑ ȊȐȎț șȖȕ" ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȖȎȐȊȈȚȤ ǬȈ ȌȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ — Ȗȕ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȚȤ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȜȖȕȈ ǵȍȚ ȇ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȖȕȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍȘȤ,
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȦȚ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ șțȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ,
ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȦ Ȑȝ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ǯȈȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȕȍȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȘ-
ȚȘȍȚȈ — ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȗȖȚȈȑȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȍ-
ȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖȑ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȍȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȤȦ — Ȑ
ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȟȈșȖȊȖȋȖ
ǴȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȈȧ ǹȍȘȈȧ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȦȘȚțȒ șȓȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ…
Ǵȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏț Ǫșȍ țȎȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕ-

ȕȣȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ ȒȖȓȍȕȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț
ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ
ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ —
ǴȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȕȈȠȐ șȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ǨȊșȚȘȐȑȞȈ țȎȍ
șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ țȊȖȌȧȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋȧȓȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ
ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȈȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȖșȔȖȚȘ
ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȎȐȔȍ ȕȈ ȗȘțȎȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠ-
ȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȈȌșȒȈȧ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕȈ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖ-
ȘȖ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈș ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȈșȚȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȣ-
șȓȈ Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț Ȓ ȉȍȋșȚȊț ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ Ȗ ȒȈȘȈțȓȍ
Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȗȈșȓȖ ȕȈș
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȗȘȖșȍ ȏȓȖțȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ǷȖ-
șȓȍ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ș ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ǭȋȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȖȌ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ șȍȘȣȔ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȘȣȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȟțȌȖȔ șȗȈșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ
ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ.
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȐșȚ Ȑȏ ȠȚȈȉȈ ș ȗȘȐȒȈȏȖȔ ǵȈ-
ȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖ-
ȊțȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȌȐȊȐȓ-
șȧ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ țȋȓț ȌȊȖȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȌțȠȖȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ȌțȠȖȦ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȚȖ țȔȍȘ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȘȈȔȣ
ǰ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ,
ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȓȍȑȔȖȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȤȧ ȖȎȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ țȋȘȦȔȣȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȖșțȎȌȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ șȐȓȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ
ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ șțȌȤȉȣ
ǭȋȖ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈș-
ȚȣȊȠȍȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȚȘțȗȈ ǰ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ DZȞȖț
ǯǼǷ ǻǮ ȆȀȉǸǮȃ

89
ȇ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ șȖȔȒȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȔȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȕȤȍ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț Ȋ ȕȍȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ — ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌțȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȉț-
ȌțȡȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ« ǪȖȚ ȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈ ȉȍȋț ș ȊȣșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȉȍȋțȡȍȋȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ
Ȏȍ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ« Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȔșȧ«
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȧ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȉ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ șȎȐȔȈȓȖșȤ
ǸȈșșȊȍȓȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȉȖȍȊȈȧ ȊȖȏȕȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț Ȑ ȘȖȎ-
ȒȐ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ǵȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȝȖȌ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒț ș ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȖȒȖȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȐȌ-
ȚȐ ȠȚȣȒȖȊȖȑ ȈȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȖȒȖȗȣ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑȕȖ — ©țȘȈª Ȑ ȘȈșȚȧ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȔț ȗȖȓȦ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȕȐȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȍțȓ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ
ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȊȕȖȔ ȋțȓȍ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ șȊȐșȚȒȐ ȗțȓȤ ȓȍȚȍȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȗȍȠȈ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ Ȓ
ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȍ
ǵȍȘȊȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤ
ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ«
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȊȖȓȐ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔțȦ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Țȍȓȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș.
Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȍ — ȍȋȖ ȜțȘȈȎȒȈ șȗȐȕȈ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȔȈȕȍȘȈ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ — ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȕȈȋȕȈȊ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ȌȈ ȧ șȐȓȖȑ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ
ȊȐȌȍȓ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȐȓșȧ ȝȖȚȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȍșȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț
ȔȕȖȑ — șȖȓȌȈȚȖȔ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȖȔ ȉȍȎȈȓȖ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȋ
ȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȦ ȌȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ
Ȑ — ȟȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ — ȖȗȈșȈȓșȧ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ȊșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț Ȋ ȘțȒȖȗȈȠȕțȦ șȝȊȈȚȒț ș ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȖȔ,
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ ȔȈȓȣȔ

ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȖȔ ǼȈȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ ȉȍȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȟȈșȚȐȧ —
ȉȍȏ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȍȊȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȧ-ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȦ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȚȍȓȖ ǼȈȕȐȒȖȊ-ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȉȣȓ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȚ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ Ȕȣ — ȧ-
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȧ-ȊȚȖȘȖȑ — ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȦșȤ ș ǼȈ-
ȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ-ȊȚȖȘȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȣ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȇ
ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ — ȕȍ
șȔȖȋț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȔȖȐ ȘțȒȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȊȍȘȎȍ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȓ șȓȈȉȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȊȣȗȈȌȖȔ țȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȒȕțȓ ȍȔț ȠȚȣȒȖȔ ȕȖȋț ǶȚ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȋȘțȌȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȧ
ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ȕȍȔȞȈ ǵȈȠȈ ȗȈȘȈ ȌȘȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȧ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ
țȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ©ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ
șȔȣșȓ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ — “ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ”« ȅȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖª

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ DZȞȖț
ȀǮǷǻǮ ǹȁǻǻǼǷ ǻǼȅǶ

92
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȑ ȗȍȝȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȈ Ȋ
ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ șȊȍȚȓȣȝ ȓțȕȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȔ ȗȖșȚț ȕȈ
ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ DzȈȘȗȈȚșȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȖȊ
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖȍ ȖȉȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȓȐșȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǹȒȈȓȈ ȊȣȠȐȕȖȑ ȜțȚȖȊ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ Ȕȍ-
șȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ǹȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȋȖȘ șȒȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȓȈ Ȓ țȏȒȖȑ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȧșȕȣȑ ȓțȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȌȣȔȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȖȑ ȓȍșȈ ǯȈ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȍȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȣȠȈȓșȧ ȘȧȌ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ șȒȈȓ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȝ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈșȈȌȣ
ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ
ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȓțȕȣ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ
ȜȐȋțȘț ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ǹ ȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ
ȊȐȌȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȧȐȟȒȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȍ
dzȦȉȖȑ ȠȈȚțȕ-ȋțȞțȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȈ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȍȊ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȔȖȋ ȊȣșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖșȚ Ȑ
ȌȖȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ șȈȔ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ǹȍȓȐ-
ȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖșȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȍȕ Ȑ
ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ
ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȒȖȓȖȌȍȞ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȈȧ șȐȕȧȧ ȊȖȌȈ ș ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȔȍșȧȞȍȔ ǴȣșȓȐ Ȗ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȑ Ȋ
țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ — ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ ǹȍȓȐ-
ȊȍȘșȚȖȊȈ Ƕȕ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȧ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ șȒȈȓȣ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȕȈȒȖȊȈȓȤȕȐ Ȑ ȓțȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖ
ȒȖȕȞȈ ȒȈȔȕȧ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȝȖȌț ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ șȓȍȊȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖș-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ǻșȚȈȓȣȑ ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȏȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȦȡȍȑ Ȕȍȟ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȓȈȉȣȑ

ȠțȔ ȡȍȉȕȧ șȣȗȓȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ș ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȠțȔ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȘȈșȒȈȚȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȔ șȗțșȒȍ
ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȏȈ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȋȘȧ-
ȕțȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȥȝȖ ȍȋȖ
șȒȈȒȕțȊ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȚțȒȈ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȖ
ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȊȐșȚ ȗțȓȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǪȔȍșȚȖ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ — ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȚȖ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ȉȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘșȚȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȕȍȒțȦ
ȈȗȈȚȐȦ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ Ȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓț ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȖ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍ ȘȐȒȖȠȍȚȖȔ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȣȑ Ȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȍȔȍȊȠȍȔț Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓț Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȖșȕțȊȠțȦșȧ țȎȍ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȒȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȈȔȕȧ țșȗȍȍȚ ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȒȘȈȧ
ǵȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
șȔȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȐȌȐȚ
ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ Ȉ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȧș-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȔ ȕȐȟȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȓȍ
ȒȈȔȕȧ ǭȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ
ȗȘȐ ȓțȕȍ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȉȐȚ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȈȔȖ-
ȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȔ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕȕȖ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ
ǺȍȕȤ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧ ȜȖȘȔț ȔȍȟȈ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȒȐ ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȚȘțȗ ǹȍȓȐȊȍȘ-
șȚȖȊȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ țȏȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌ-
Ȓȍ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ

ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞ DZȞȖț
ǹdzDZdzǻDzǮ ǰǼǷǻȉ

95
I
Ǫ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ
ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ș ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔȐ
ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȔ Ȑ
ȓȍșȈȔ Ȉ Țȍ ȒȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȍȏȊȣȝȖȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈȝ
ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ Ȋȕȍ ȌȖȔȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȣȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ǹȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȓȐ ȕȍȉȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȑȖȘ
ȀȚȍȑȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȋȌȍ ȊȣȗȐȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ ȐȏȘȧȌȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȌȈȘȖȊȣȝ ȕȈȗȐȚ-
ȒȖȊǴȈȑȖȘ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȤȞȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȧȓșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț Ȋȏȧȓ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ ȌȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ȅȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȗȕ ©ȗȘȖ ȏȈȗȈșª ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȍȏȖȕȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȟȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȒȈ
ǵȖ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȐȌȍȚ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ Ȗ «ȏȈȗȈșȍ» ȐșșȧȒȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȖșșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖșȊȍȎȐȚȤ ȗțȚȍȔ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȘȍȒȖȋȕȖșȞȐȘȖȊȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȔ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȑȏ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȍșȚȤ șȊȍȎȐȍ ȔȖȓȖ-
Ȍȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǴȈȑȖȘ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț ȏȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȋȏȧȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ șȈȉȓȧ șȗȈșțȚ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȔț-
ȡȍȕȐȧ ȉȍȏȖȘțȎȕȣȝ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ
Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȒȘțȟȐȊȈȧ țșȣ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȗȍ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȖ țȏȒȐȔ ȗțșȚȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȕȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐșȚȖȊ
ȚȈȡȐȊȠȐȝ țȏȓȣ ș ȕȈȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖȉȘȖȔ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȧ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȟȍșȚȤ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȒȖ-
ȏȣȘȧȧ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ș ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȌțȔȈȧ

96
— ȅȚȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȈȘȖȔ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȌȖȓȦ!
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ ȘȍȒȐ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ Ȑ Ȗȟț-
ȚȐȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȈȌȖȊ ȖȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȉȖ-
ȘȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȊ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȒȈȓȐȚ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
— Ǩ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȓȐ șȦȌȈ" ǴȍșȚȖ ȋȓțȝȖȍ Ȑ ȖȚ ȞȍȕȚȘȈ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȖ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȕȍ țȉȍȎȈȓ, șȐȌȧȚ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ
Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȚ! ǽȍ-ȝȍ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ
ǷȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ȚȈȒ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȖȑ
ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ Ȉȓȓȍȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȓȍȕȖȊ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȓȐȗ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȝ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȐȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȕ ȒȈȘȒȈȊȠȐȝ
ȕȈ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȧ
Ǫ șȈȌț ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȖ Ȑ țȕȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȖ-
ȚȖȊ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȔț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȖ-
Ȕț ǯȈȕȈȊȍșȐ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȣ. ǴȈȑȖȘ, ȕȈȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ
ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍțȔȖȓȐȔȣȔ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȚȍȔ — Ȑ ȖȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
II
ǷȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȓȖȚȐȓ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖȟȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȥȜȍșȖȔ
șȈȉȓȐ
ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȚțȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȓȈȧ-
ȓȈ ȕȐȋȌȍ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ
ȒȘȖȔȍ țȕȣȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȒȈȕȤȧ ȊȖȘȖȕ Ȑ ȠțȔȈ ȖșȍȕȕȐȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȔȍȘȒȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
ǴȈȑȖȘ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǯȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȝțȎȍ — Ȑ
ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹȒȖȘȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȒțȝȖȕȕțȦ ȐȓȐ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȍȕȈ Ȑ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȗȖȚȧ-
ȕțȊ ȏȈ șȒȖȉȒț ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȖȘȖȋ.

97
— DzȈȒȖȑ șȚȣȌ ȇ ȗȘțșșȒȐȑ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȊȝȖȎț ș ȒțȝȕȐ —ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȗȓȐȚț ȗȖȓȒȐ ș ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȒȈȘ-
ȉȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȐ — ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȓȦȌȐ" ȅȑ DzȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ"
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȗȈȓȈ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȈ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ
șȐȚȞȍȊȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȋ
DzȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțșȚȈ ȕȖ ȕȖșȐȓȈ șȓȍȌȣ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ șȔȧȚȖȍ
ȖȌȍȧȓȖ șȉȐȚȣȑ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȦȜȧȒ Ȑ ȔȈșșȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ
ȊȖȓȖș
— ȅȋȍ — ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȊȠȐșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȕȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ șȗȖȚ-
Ȓȕțȓșȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȊ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ
ǵȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȖȋț Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȐ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȘȈȏȎȈȊ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ Ȏȍȕș-
ȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
ǮȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȘțȒț
ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ Ȑ ȕȍȔțȦ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ
ȚȘțȗ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ țȋȓț ȏȈ ȗȓȐȚȖȑ
ȚȐȝȐȑ șȔȍȝ
— Ǩ ȅȚȖ ȒȖȕȤȧȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȚȈȡȐȚȤ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȐșȤ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȔȐȓȖ-
ȊȐȌȕțȦ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȖ
ȕȖȋȐ șȖȋȕțȚȣ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȗțȝȠȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ.
ǵȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ ȏȈșȖȝȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ
ǷȖȌ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȈ ȘȊȈȕȈȧ ȠȚȣȒȖȊȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ.
— ǺȦ-ȚȦ-ȚȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȓȖȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊȐȌ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȖȋȖ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȈȒ ȊȐȕȖ ǪȣȕțȊ ȕȈ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ, ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ, ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ Ȑ ȕȈȡțȗȈȊ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȐȔ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒțȝȕȐ
ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ Ȋ ȏȈȚȐȝȠȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȋȓțȝȖ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȠȗȖȘȣ ȗȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ
ǶșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȈȎȐȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ
țȦȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȊȍȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȕȕțȦ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘț ș

98
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȕȐȏȖȔ ȍȍ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ
ǷȖȝȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐșȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ
— ȅȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐ, ȒȚȖ ȚȈȔ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈȊȖȌȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
ȔȈȑȖȘ
ǵȖ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȗțȋȈȚȤșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘț ȚȘȍș-
ȕțȊ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȖ ȖȒȖȕȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ
șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ
ǹȔȍȧșȤ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȖȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚȖȔ ȠȕțȘȒȍ ȊȐșȍȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș
șȐȕȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȒȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȊȐȌȧȡȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȉ ȘțȒȐ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȐȓȐȓȐșȤ ȖȗȍȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȗ
ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȎȐȓȤȞȣ — Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț țȎȍ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ țȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈȔȐ
ǽȔȍȓȤ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ǺȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȌȐȊȈȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȉȓȍȌȕțȦ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ș ȗȍ-
ȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȓȖȔ
ǶȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȖȚȒȐȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȒț ȕȈȏȈȌ, Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȝȘțȗȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǸȍȏȒȈȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȈ
Ǫșȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȐȞȍ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ
— ǪȖȑȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȚȤ
șȍȉȧ, Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȏȈȊȍȚ ǩȐșȔȈȘȒȈ ©ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȎȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȊȖȦȦȡȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ».
ǷȖȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ ȚȈȔ
șȚȖȧȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ ȕȖȚȣ
ǴȈȑȖȘ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑȝ ȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȣȑ ȔȈȘȠ ȀȖȗȍ-
ȕȈ
— ǬȧȌȧ — țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ — ȌȧȌȧ
ǴȈȑȖȘ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǬȍȊȖȟȒȈ ș ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȓȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȗopoȋe Ȑ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȓȈșȤ

DzȘȖȊȤ ȒȈȗȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȍȘ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘț ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȌȣȉȖȔ șȚȈȓȐ
ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȚȘȧșșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȔ țȋȖȓ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ" — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ. — DzȚȖ Țȣ Ȑ ȟȍȋȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ" DzȚȖ
ȘȈȕȐȓ Țȍȉȧ"
— Ǻȣ — șȔȍȧșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ — Țȣ ȊȍȌȤ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ — Ȑ Ȕȣ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȑȕț ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȈȗȈ
șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȉ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȏȈȓȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȍ
ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌț Ǩ ȧ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȠȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ
— ǴȍȘȚȊȈȧ"! — Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȔȈȑȖȘ
— ȇ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȌȈ ǰ Țȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ țȎȍ țȔȍȘ —
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — șȔȍȠȕȖ"
ǶȕȈ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȕțȚȖȑ ȘțȟȖȕȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȌȏȣȊȈȧ ȔȈȑȖȘȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
Ǫ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȐ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȚȤșȧ șȚȖȧȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ țȋ-
ȓț Ȑ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȔțȚȐȓșȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ.
ǴȈȑȖȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȍȍ-
ȊȖȟȒȈ ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȓșȧ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȐȗȓȖ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȘȧșțȡțȦșȧ
ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ șȔȖȓȈ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȍȌȣȍ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕȕȖȔț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț ȉȣȓ
ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȘȈȗȖȘȚ. ǸȈȗȖȘȚțȦȡȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǷȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȋ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ Ȋ ȘȈȗȖȘȚ
ȕȍ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ
— DzȚȖ"
— ǴȈȑȖȘ ȀȚȍȑȕ

ǮțȠȜț ǼȟȟȓțȒȜȐȟȘȖȗ
ȁǿǹȉȆǮǻǻȉdz ǺǼǹǶȀǰȉ

102
I
ǫȖȘȧȟȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ ǴȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ
șȓȍȏ ș ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȌȖ-
ȕȐȒȖȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȐȒȖȕȣ
ǹ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȖȊȣȝ ȌȖșȖȒ șț-
ȘȖȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȓȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȣȝ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ Ȋȍ-
Ȓț ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȐ șțȘȖȊȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȊȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ
ȊȍȘȣ Ȑ ȓȐȝȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȑ țȕȖșȐȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȘȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȝȘȧȔȐ
ǴȖȓȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ șȕȖ-
ȝȐ ȍȋȖ
ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȖșȖȉȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȏȈȉȖȚȈ
ǬȊȈ șȣȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ǩȖȋ ȔȐȓȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȉȖȦ
Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
Ȉ ȖȚ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍșȚȍȑ
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȏȍȕȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ
ǵȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȣȕȖȊȤȧȔ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ
ȊȕțȟȒț ǷȍȚȍ.
ǶȚ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǷȍȚȧ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ — țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ ȗȘȍșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǷȍȚȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȍȌȈ ǷȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȣ-
ȔȐǷȖȌȘȖș ȊȕțȒ ǰȏ șȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȌȍȌ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ, Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȦ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Ȕț ȕȍțȟȍȕȖȔț Ȋ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȚȍșȕȖȚȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǷȍȚȧ țȎ șȈȔ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȏȈșȚȈȓȈ
ǵȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȌț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ș ȗȖȓȒȖȔ țȠȍȓ ǷȐșȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȏȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ.
ǷȐșȈȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ǫȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȍȌȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȎȍșȚȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȧ

103
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ǷȍȚȧ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȌȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȐ ȉȘȈȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ƞȍȓ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȉȖȑ ș ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ǷȧȌȤ
ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ șȊȖȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȍ ȡȈȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǫȖȘȧȟȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȔȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȈ
II
ǹȌȍȓȈȊ ȚȘȐ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȈ ǨȒȐȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ǩȖȋ ȐȔ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ șȗȈ-
șțȚșȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȧ
ǩȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȖȑ ȊȍȘȣ Ȋ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉȍ ȉȈȉȣ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ țȎȐȕȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȏȍ șȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȊȖȌȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧ-
Țȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȒȖȗȣ ©țȘȈȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔª ȋȌȍ
Ȗȕ ȗțșȒȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȋȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȖȋȕȦ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țșȓȣ-
ȝȈȓ Ȗ ȊȣȌțȔȒȍ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȌțȠȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȧȌȖȔ.
ǴȍșȚȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȉȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǽȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȟȈȌț ǴȖ-
ȓȐȚȊȈ ȕȈ țȔ ȕȍ ȠȓȈ ǨȒȐȔ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȍș Ȑ ȉȘȍȓ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȐȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȖȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ
ȋȈȏȍȚȍ
ǪȖȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ǵȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȚȈ ȊȤȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ
ȊȌȈȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȖȗȓȖȚ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǺȈȔ, ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ,
ȏȈșȍȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤȦ șȊȖȍȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȖȌȐȕț Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ.
ǺȈȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ ǼȍȌȖȘ Ȑ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ — ȊȕțȟȍȒ
ǷȍȚȧ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ șȔȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ

ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚțȎțȘȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȕȍȋȕțȡȍȑșȧ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȠȐȕȍ-
ȓȐ ǵȈȌ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȟțȚȤ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȌȣȔȖȒ
ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȉȖȑ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȖ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖȍ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖ ȊȖȦȡȍȍ ǻȗȈȓȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȏȈȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȍȘȕ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑ
șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑ ȎțȎȎȈȡȐȍ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȓșȧ șȚȖȓȉȖȔ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȗȖȓȏ ȗȖ ȚȘȈ-
Ȋȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ
ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȕțȒ ǷȍȚȘțȠȈ
ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ șȕȧȓ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȊȕțȟȒț ȌȍȌȖȊșȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǺțȘȐȕșȒȐȑ ȘȖȌ — Ȋșȍ ȖȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȖȗȐșȞȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ǹȈȔ ǨȒȐȔ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȉȍȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȐȓȐ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȖȗȐșȞȍȊ
ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕțȒȈ ȐȒȖȕț — ȉȓȈȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ.
Ha ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȐȒȖȕț ǩȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȐȚț ȕȈ ȌțȉȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȌȖșȒȍ. ǪȘȍȔȧ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ șȓȍȌȣ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȖȑ, ȖȚȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȟȍȠțȑȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȔȈșȓȧȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȐ
ǶȚȟȐșȚȐȊ șȚȈȘțȦ ȌȖșȒț ȐȒȖȕȖȗȐșȍȞ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȒȐșȚȧȔȐ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȈȘȝȐșȚȘȈȚȐȋȈ ǴȐȝȈȐȓȈ ǩȘȖȕȦ ǨȒȐȔ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒțșȒȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ȔȍȓȒȖȦ ȟȍȒȈȕȒȖȑ
ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȊȕțȟȒț ǷȍȚȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȐșȤȔȈ
_____

III
ǷȖțȎȐȕȈȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ǺțȘȐȕȣ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ
ǻȎȍ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȚțȝȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ǺțȘȐȕșȒȖȑ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ
ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǯȈȎȋȓȐ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȒȐȔ țȊȐȌȍȊ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ
— Dz Țȍȉȍ ǨȒȐȔ ǵȐȒȖȌȐȔȣȟ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȊȍșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
— ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȒȘȍșȚȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ — ǷȘȖșȚȐ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎț ȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ
ǹȍȊ ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȌȒțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌȒț ȖȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ șȓț-
ȎȐȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȒț ȋȌȍ ȊȕțȒ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ,
ȟȚȖ ǷȍȚȘțȠȈ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ țȎȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȈȌȈȝ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȖȦ ȗțȓȧ țȌȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȈ
ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȔ șȗȈșșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ǷȍȚȧ DzȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȉ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖșțȋ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȒȖȗȣ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦȚ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȉȖȦ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȕțȒ ȚȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș șȣ-
ȕȖȊȤȧȔȐ ȚȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȉȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȦȚ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȐȠțȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈȝ ǸȈȌ ȧ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘțȦ
ȊȍșȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȑȌț ǪȌȖȊȍ Ǩȕ-
ȜȐșȍ ǹȔȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ șȣȕȈ Ȑȏ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ țȠȍȓ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǨȒȐȔ
ǺțȘȐȕ
ǵȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈ țșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȊȍȘȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȈȧ
ȌțȉȖȊȈȧ ȐȒȖȕȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȗțȓȦ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȕțȟȒȈ ǷȍȚȐ

ǹȓȐ DZȡȚȖșȓȐȟȘȖȗ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀdzǹȊ ǿǰ Dzdzǰȉ

107
I
ǷȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ
șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȗȖȓȏȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȐșȚȖȔț
ȉȍȘȍȋț ǹȈȔȉȘȣ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȈȌ ȗȈ-
ȚȍȘȈ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚȈ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȔȐ ȍȋȖ țȦȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ǶȕȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ, țȝȖȌȧ, ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ȐȔ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȋțȡȐȕȍ șȈ-
ȌȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȠȍȗȚȈȊȠȐșȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ǷȈȚȍȘ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țșȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȧ Ȗȋȕȧ,
Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ ǼȍȓȐșȤȍȕ"
— ǿȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ, șȚȈȘȐȟȐȕȈ ǴȖȉȍȓȤ"
— ǿȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍș ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Țȣ Ȑȏ ȓȍșȈ ȅȌȔȖȕȌ".
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȕȐȒȈȓȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ țȚȐ-
ȘȈȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȓȍȏȣ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȊȈȔȐ ȒțȘ-
ȚȖȍ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ
— Ǫșȍ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȖȚȍȞ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ ǶȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȡȈ-
ȌȧȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȦȚ Ȑ ȕȐ ȊȕțȒȈȔ, ȕȐ ȗȘȈȊȕțȒȈȔ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȔ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ ȚȈȒȖȦ ȒȈȒȖȦ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȍȍ. ǰ Ȕȣ
șȈȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȔȐȘȈȍȔ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ — ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȏȈȗȈșȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ
ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȝ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ
ȕȍȔȞȣ…
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȐȝȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȖȚȍȞ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȕȈȔ Ǫȣ ȖȌȐȕ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȕȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȐșȤ,
ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ, șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ țȑȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈȔ
ǷȈȚȍȘ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ǫșȍ ȊȏȧȚȖ Ȋșȍ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ Ȑȝ ȖȉȖȏ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȑ Ȋȣ ȕȍ țȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȖȚȍȞ? ǷȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ Ȑ Ȗ șȍȉȍ…
ǷȈȚȍȘ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ

108
— ǿȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȟȚȖ" ȇ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ ǩȖ-
ȎȐȑ — Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǶȕȐ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȣ, ȒȈȒ
ȏȊȍȘȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖȋȖ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ
ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȓȍȕ ȒȖșȚȍȓ Ȋ ȅȓȤȖȒȈȔȍ ȒȈȒ țȉȐȚ
ȗȈȚȍȘ Ȋ ǪȈȓȤȖȕȍ?
ǷȈȚȍȘ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
— ȇ ȉțȌț ȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȠț ȟȈșȖȊȕȦ ȇ ȉțȌț ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȤ șȊ Ǭȍ-
Ȋț ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȍșȚȤ șȐȓȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȍșȚȤ ȧ șȈȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕț ȍȍ
ȕȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǬȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
țȔȖȓȒȈȓȐ țȕȖșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȈșȚȐȞț ȍȋȖ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȐȔ Ȋ ȕȈȗțȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȐ
ǷȘȖȊȖȌȐȊ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȈȕ ȗȈȚȍȘ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓ
ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ șȊȖȐȔ
șȒȖȘȉȕȣȔ ȌțȔȈȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȈșȖȊ-
ȕȦ șȊ ǬȍȊȣ șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȐȒȍ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ
ǭȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȏȈȘȍȊȖ șȚȓȈȓȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȏȓȖȊȍ-
ȡȐȍ ȖȚșȊȍȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȣȠȈȔ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȝ
ȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȖȊȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍ
ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ ȚȡȈȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȎȈȕ ǰ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȖȘȉȍȓ ȖȚȍȞ ǩȍȘ-
ȕȈȥȘȚ
— ǹȚȈȓȈ ȗȓȍșȕȍȚȤ ȔȍȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȈ ǻȚȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȐȚ
țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȧȘȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȎȌțȦ șțȉȉȖȚț ȟȐșȚȐȓȐ
ȍȍ ȌȖșȊȍȚȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤȒȐ Ǩ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ șȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ
ǰ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȗȈȚȍȘ ȚȖșȒțȧ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒ
ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȔȍȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȖ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖ DzțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȕȈȘȧȎȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈȔ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȐ țȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȉȍȋȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ǰ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤȒȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȗȕ
— ǽȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ șȊ ǬȍȊȣ
DzȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȎȈȕȍ

109
ǰ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ șȒȖȘȉ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȌțȔȈȔȐ ș ȔȖȓȐȚȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȊȗȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ țȎȍ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȝȠȐȝ ȋțȉȈȝ.
— ǹȊ ǬȍȊȈ șȗȈșȐ Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȐ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȦ Ȑ ȍȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ
ǰ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȈȕȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈșȚțȗȕȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ǹȊ ǬȍȊȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȈȔȐ ȍȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȧ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȣ ȖȕȐ
Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔȣ
II
Ǫ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ ǻȋȓțȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȗȈȚȍȘ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ șȕȈȘțȎȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȏȈșȒȘȐȗȍȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ, ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȐȔ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȗȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț
— ǿȚȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ ț șȊ ǬȍȊȣ? — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞȒȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȐȌȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞȒȐȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ
ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȍȉȧ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ȗ ȗȈȚȍȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȊȖȑȌȧ șȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȍȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțșȊȍȚ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ
ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȖȚ ȌȍȘȏ-
ȒȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȦ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȍ Ȋȣ-
ȠȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ șȊ ǬȍȊȈ ȌȈșȚ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȌȕțȦ ȒȘȣ-
ȠȒț Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȓȤȍȔ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȈ
Ƕȕ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ șȈȗȖȋ
— ȅȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋ ȗȈȚȍȘ Ǵȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȈȔ
ȕȖȊțȦ ȒȘȣȠț ǽȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȍȌȕțȦ
ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤ șȊ ǬȍȊț ȒȈȒ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȈșȤ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȍȋȖ Țȍȓț Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤȦ.
— Ǫȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȐȌȧ ȊșȓȍȌ
ȏȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ — Ȋȣ

110
ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ — ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȚ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȧ
șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ
— ǵț ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȎȐȊȍȍ ǹȕȐȔȐȚȍ-ȒȈ ȥȚț ȒȘȣȠț
ǬȍșȧȚȖȒ șȖȓȌȈȚ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȝ ȊȕȐȏț ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȞț
ǷȈȚȍȘ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
— ȇ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȦ ȊȈș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǹȊȧȚȖȑ ǬȍȊȣ — ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ
ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ǵȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȏȓȖȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚȈ ȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓ Ȑȝ Ȓ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ ǷȈȚȍȘ ȖȚ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ
ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț ȌțȠȈȡȐȔ ȒȓțȉȒȖȔ
ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȊȠȐȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ȇ țȔȖȓȧȦ ȊȈș ǯȈȒȓȐȕȈȦ
ǰ, ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ș ȒȖȓȍȕ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣȔȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠț ǻȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȧ șȍȉȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȊȗȐȓșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ șțȒȕȖ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ, ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ȗȈȚȍȘȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȓȈȉȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȔȣȍ
ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
— ǸȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ șȐȓȣ ȗȈȚȍȘȈ ǸȈȏȎȈȓȐșȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȑ Ȋȣȗț-
șȚȐȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Țȍ-
ȘȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ șȗȈșȚȐ ȖȚ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȧ șȊ ǬȍȊț
Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ șȍȉȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȓ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘț Ȑ, ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȈȌȈȧ, ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ șȐȓȧșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋȣ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍșȖȝȠȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȕțȓ ȊȣșȚ-
Șȍȓ ȖȗȈȓȐȊȠȐȑ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȌȣȔȖȔ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȈȚȍȘȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȏȈȓȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȖ Ȑ țȘȖȕȐȓȖ ȕȈ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȖșȤ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȈȌȈȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ

ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠțȦ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȣȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȔ ȓȐȞȖ șȊ.
ǬȍȊȣ șȒȓȖȕȧȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȈȚȍȘȖȔ.
ǶȕȖ ȒȘȖȚȒȖ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȖșȤ ȍȔț Ȑ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ȧȘȒȖȔ șȐȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȑ ȌȐȊȕȖȍ
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȖȊȕȧ, Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ, Ȑ ȔȍȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȈ, Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȈ-
ȚȍȘ ǩȍȘȕȈȥȘȚ

ǮșȓȘȟȓȗ ǯȡȒȖȧȓȐ
ǸǾǼǰȊ ǮǻDZdzǹǮ

114
ȠȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȖȑ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌ-
Ȓȍ ȥȚȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ
șȞȍȗȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǪȘțȉȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȖȍ Ȏȍ țȚȘȖ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒț ǪȓȈȌȍȒț șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐșȚț șȚȈȘ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǹȚȈșȤ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȍ
ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓ ȔȈȓȤȊȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ
—ǪȓȈȌȍȒ — ȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ — ȕȍȔȞȣ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ Ȋ
ȗȓȍȟȐȒȖ ȗȖȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ǬȍȊȍ ǷȘȍȟȐș-
șȚȖȑ ȒȈȌȐȚ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȐȌȐ șȦȌȈ — ȏȊȈȓ ǹȚȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ ȘțȒȖȦ,
— ǪȓȈȌȍȒ — ǰ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȣș-
ȝȖȌȕȍȍ
— ǰȌȍȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ DzȘȖȊȤ ț ǨȕȋȍȓȈ ȉȍȎȐȚ ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ
ȝțȌț ȉȣȚȤ ȝțȌț ȅȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ ǰ-
Ȑ-Ȑ ǵȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚ ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ ǷȓȖȝȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȗȖȓț ȚȈȡȐȓ ǪȓȈ-
ȌȍȒȈ ș ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ
dzȐȞȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ț ȘȍȉȧȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ
ȋȘȖȏȧȚ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȖȚ-
ȒȖȍ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ
ǭȋȖ Șțșȣȍ ȒțȘȟȈȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȉȓȍȔȣȍ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȧ ȉțȔȈȎȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȕȈ
ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȎțȚȒȖșȚȤȦ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȖȉȈ ȚțȌȈ Ȓ ȒȖșȚȍȓț ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ Ȗȉ-
șȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȗȖȓȧȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȍ ǩȍȓȈȧ ǬȍȊȈ Ȉ
ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȍ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȋȖȊȍȑȕȖ ȒȈȌȧȡȐȑ ǭȑ ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ Ȉȕȋȍȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ǪȖȚ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȊȣȉȖȐȕȒȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗțȓȍȑ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȐȓȐ șȈȉȓȍȑ
Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǰ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȚțȚ — ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȧ ǪȓȈȌȍȒț ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȧ ȍȔț ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȒȘȖȊȤ ǰ ȊȣȉȖȐȕȒȈ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȊȣȉȖȐȕȒȍ ȈȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȈȓȖ
ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȐȓȖ ǪȓȈȌȍȒȈ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ ȗȖșȚȖȑ — ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȒȖȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ. —
ȇ ȗȖȉȍȋț ȌȖȔȖȑ ǬȖșȚȈȕț ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȓȐșȚȐȒ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȕȖȑ
ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ șȖȉȍȘț ȥȚț ȒȘȖȊȤ ǰ șȗȘȧȟț ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ǻȣ șȓȣ-

115
ȠȐȠȤ" Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ǪȖȚ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȧȉȕțȚ ȘțȒȐ
ǰ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ Ȉ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ǹȚȈșȤ șȚȖȧȓ
Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ǩȖȋț
— ǻȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȐșȤ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȑ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ
ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȞȣ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ" — - ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ǹȚȈșȤ ȒȘȖȚȒȖ Ȑ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȗțșȒ-
ȕȖȦ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǹȚȈșȦ ǰ
ȚțȚ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț
dzȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȧ ǹȚȈșȧ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȔț:
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȕȈ
ȥȚț șȚȈȚțȦ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȍȓ ȟȈșȚȖ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȐ"
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȧȌȦ ȖȌȕȈ ȗțȓȧ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȍ șȐȌȍȓ
ȋȖȓțȉȤ Ȑ ȗțȓȧ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȋȖȓțȉȧ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ
șȖȉȘȈȓ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȖȓțȉȧ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ,
ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ"
dzȐȞȖ ț ǪȓȈȌȍȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȊȍȘț Ȋ șȊȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȖ ǹȚȈșȤ
ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȓȈȒȈȓșȧ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȉȕȋȍȓț ȉȖȓȤȕȖ, — ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ șȓȍȏ — ȕȍȔȞȣ ȗȘȖȓȐȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏ-
ȌȈșȚ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ!
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȝțȚȖȘȒȈȔ Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ
ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ
ȘȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ dzȐȞȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ǹȚȈșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
— Ǻȣ ȊșȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ șȖȉȘȈȓ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ș
ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǪșȦ Ǩ ȟȚȖ"
— Ǩ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ —
șȖȖȉȡȐȚ ȍȔț ǹȚȈșȤ
ǪȓȈȌȍȒ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȚȖȦ Ȏȍ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ

116
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȍ ǷȚȐȞȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȔ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ǹȚȈșȐȒ
ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȚȈșȐȒ — țȊȐȌȐȠȤ,
ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ!
ǪȓȈȌȍȒ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȕȈȠȍȓ Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ǹȚȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ǪȓȈȌȍȒț Ȑ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ
ǺȖȚ ȖȗȘȖȔȍȚȤȦ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȝȈȚȣ Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȏȈ-
ȝȖȓȖȕțȓȖ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— ǵț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǩȕȋȍȓ țȠȍȓ Ȑ țȊȍȓ ǿȐșȚțȦ ǬȍȊț — ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ, ȊȣȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ǹȚȈșȤ
ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǹȚȈșȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȧȓ țșȚȈ țȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȖȎȤȦ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǻȣ ȓȎȍȠȤ ǹȚȈșȤ
— ǶȉȍȘȍȋȐ ǩȖȎȍ — ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ ǹȚȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȗȓȈȒȈȓ — ǩȣȚȤ ȝțȌț Ȑ-Ȑ-Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȝțȌț
ǪȓȈȌȍȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǹȚȈșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ Ȓ
ȒȖșȚȍȓț ǺȈȔ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ Ǭȍ-
Ȋȣ ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȖȑ ȕȐ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȒȈȌȧȡȍȋȖ DzȘȈșȖȚȍ ǵȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȑ
Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȈȔȍȕȚȈȝ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ȑ ȗȍȓ ȊȖȏȌȍȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ
— ǨȓȓȐȓțȑȧ, ȈȓȓȐȓțȑȧ țȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȐșȤ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ!
ǰ șȐȕȐȍ ȕȍȌțȎȕȣȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȚȓȍȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȚ-
ȒȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȟȤȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǰ șȓȍȏȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȉȐșȍȘ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ǩțȌȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȔȐȓȖșȤ
Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȖȉȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚțȔȈȕȈȔȐ ǵȖ Ȗ-ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ©ȇșȕȖȔ ǪȐȘȝȍª ȗȍȚțȝ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
șȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ ȋȕȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȚȈȘȚȈ-
ȘȈȘȣ ȕȈȏȍȔȕțȦ ȕȍȟȐșȚȤ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǪȓȈ-
ȌȍȒȈ ǺȊȍȘȌȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ șȕȧȓȐ ș ȗȖșȚȈȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ǶȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ
ǷȘȍȟȐșȚțȦ Ȑ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȒȈȌȧȡȍȋȖ ǭȑ ȐȉȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȤȧ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȗȖȊȖȌț ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȝȖȘȖ-

117
ȕȐȓȐ Ȑȝ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țșȕțȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ
ǵȖ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ©ȇșȕȣȑ ǪȐȘȝª ȠțȔȍȓ,
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒțȟȒȐ
— ǭșȓȐ ǿȐșȚȈȧ ǬȍȊȈ Ȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ țȠȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍșȚȐȊȣȝ țȑȌȍȔ
Ȑ Ȕȣ — ȠțȔȍȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȚȈȔ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȟȍșȚȕȣȍ țȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ©ȇșȕȖȋȖ ǪȐȘȝȈª ǶȌȕȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ
ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ ǸȈȏȉȘȍȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȝțȚȖȘȒȐ ȗȖ ȉȍȓț șȊȍȚț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȟȍȓȐȕȞȈ ǨȕȚȖșȧ ǿțȗȘȣ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȓțȚȖȘȈ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ǬȈ ǹȚȈșȤ șȒȐȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȍ Ȉ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ț ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖșȚȍ-
ȓȈ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȖ ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ Ȑ
ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ǹȚȈșȤ ǰ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȖ
ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȖ
ǻșȓȣȠȈȓ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȋȓțȝȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȣȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȏȈ
ȓȍșȖȔ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȝȈȚȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȍȌȖȔ ǨȕȚȖșȍȔ ǰ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ, ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȓȍșȖȔ
ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ ©ȇșȕȣȑ ǪȐȘȝª ǰ țȝȈȓȖ ȚȈȔ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ
șȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓȖ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȍ Ȑ ȌȣȔȖȔ Ȑ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȊȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȖ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȕȍȉț Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȐȝȐȍ Ȉȓȣȍ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ǰ ȚȓȍȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ǰ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖ ȓȍșț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȓȐșȤ șȊȐș-
ȚȖȔ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌțȚȘȍȕȕȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ǬȍȌ ǨȕȚȖșȤ Ȑ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ Ȟȍȗȍȕȍȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȧȉȓȐ Ǩ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ
ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǹȚȈșȤ ș șȐȕȐȔ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȖȔ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȋ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȍ, Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǪȐȌȍȓ" ǹȓȣȠȈȓ" ǹȉȣȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ ȟțȧȓȖ
ǵȍ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ Ǫșȍȝ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȓ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȦ ǰ-Ȑ-ȧ DzȈȒ ȋȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐșȚțȒȐȊȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǪȓȈ-
ȌȍȒ
— ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ-
ȓțȕȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț — ȕȍ țșȓȣȝȈȚȤ ǵȍ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȚȘȐ
ȉȖȔȉȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ
—ǷȈȘȚȐȏȈȕȣ" ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ" — ȗȘȐșȚțȒȐȊȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ǰ șȐȕȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȏȈȚȍȗȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǪȓȈȌȍȒȈ

— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǶȕȐ ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ Ǫ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ Ȑ ȔȖȟȈȓț ȘȊȈȓ Ȑȝ
ȚȍȓȈ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǶȚȍȞ Ȑ șȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ
DzȈȒ ȋȕȍȊȈȓșȧ
— ǺȈȒ ȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ ȐșȚȖȠȕȣȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ǹȚȈșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈ-
ȓȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ Ǩ ǨȕȚȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ, ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȚȘȧșț-
ȡȍȑșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǰ ȗȓȈȟȈ ȖȉȈ Țȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǹȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȚȈșȤ
— Ƕȕ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ǹȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ƕȕ ǺȖȚ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȒȈȌȧȡȐȑ ȇ
ȍȋȖ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.Ƕȕ
ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ƞȍȓ Ƕȕ Ƕȕ
— Ǩȕȋȍȓ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ
— Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȒȈȌȧȡȐȑ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȚȈșȤ — ǺȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ DzȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ©DzȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ Țȍȉȧ
Ȉȕȋȍȓ"ª Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȓȐȞȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ-
șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ-ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ț țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȑ ȌȍȊȣ
— ǵț" — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȘȖȗȐȓ ǪȓȈȌȍȒ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȐȏȕȍȔȖ-
ȋȈȧ ȖȚ ȖȏȕȖȉȈ
— ǰ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ©ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓ!» — ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǹȚȈșȤ

Dz ǯȎșȖȘ
ǸǮǻȀǼǾ

120
I
«Ǫ ȥȚț ȊȖȑȕț ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȘȚȊ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȓȤȍȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓȧȝ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ — Ȑ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȕȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȔ Ƕȑ ǩȖ-
Ȏȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ» — ǺȈȒ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȈ ǴȖȑșȍȧ — ȒȈȕȚȖȘȠȈ
ȎȍȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ǴȖȑșȍȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȊșȍȔț ȋȖȘȖȌț șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ǵȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ șȍȌȣȍ ȍȊȘȍȐ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔ
ȘȈȊȊȐȕ
 ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȔț ©ǹ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǹ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǴȖȑșȍȑ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍȑ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȍ șȚȖȓȐȞȣª Ǩ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȐȔ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
— ©Ƕȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍª — ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȠȈ ǸȖȏȈ țȒȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ — Ȑ ș ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ǷȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȔȈ-
ȕȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȥȚȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȕȍțȔȖ-
ȓȐȔȖȍ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȚȈȐȚșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǺȍȕȐ ȖȚ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
șȚȍȕȣ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȚȈȘȣȍ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ
ȖȉȖȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȍȉȕȧ ȟȈȌȐȊȠȍȑ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊȖȑ
ȓȈȔȗȣ ǵȖ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȕȐ
ȕȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ-ȠȐȘȔȣ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣ-
ȔȐ șȗȈȓ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ
ǫȘȍȉȍȕȤ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȉȓȍș-
ȒȖȔ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ șȈȔȖȊȈȘ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȝȔțȘȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȊȣȔȣȚȣȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȣ Ȑ ȟȈȠȒȐ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ Ȋ Ȓțȟȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȖșȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȘȖȠȍȒ ȉțȓȒȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ șȘȍȌȐ Ȓț-
șȒȖȊ șȍȓȍȌȒȐ Ȑ ȓțȒȈ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ȐȏȋȐȉȈȧșȤ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȖȏȈȘȧȓȖșȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ
ȍȊȘȍȑȒȐ ș ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȖșȈ Ǩ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȐ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȊȈȚȕȣȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ
ǵȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȘȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț Ȑ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȔȈȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒț ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤ-

121
ȞȈȔȐ ȠȍȦ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȠȐ — Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȠȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț ȕȖ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȝ Ȍț-
ȠȐȓ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Șȍȉȍȕ-
Ȓț ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȓ Ȑ șȈȔț ǸȖȏț
«Ƕȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ», — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȍȊ-
ȘȍȑȒȈ — «ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ?» ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ, Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȚȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ" ǩȖȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ǯȖȍ ǴȐȝȍȓȍ ǰșȈȍ —
ȥȚȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȝ — ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ ǰ ȟȍȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ" ǿȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȣ ȕț ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ Ȏȍ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ǴȐȠȈ — ȚȈȒȖȑ țȔȕȣȑ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ" ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȌȕȧȔ țȟȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ǰȏ ǴȖȑȠȐ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȓțȟȠȐȑ
ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ǰȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȚȘȍȝ ȓȍȚ ǯȖȧ" ȐȓȐ ǰșȈȑ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȏȈ-
ȗțȋȐȊȈȚȤ ș ȔȈȓȣȝ ȓȍȚ" Ǩ ǰșȈȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȍȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ, —
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ƕ Ȗȕ țȎȈșȕȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚ-
ȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ǷȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ șȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȍȕȒȈȔȐ. ǬȈȎȍ ș ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ
ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ǯȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȑ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ Ƕȑ Ȗȑ Ȗȑ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ
ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ" ǵȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȚȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȐ-ȍȊȘȍȑȒȐ DzȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓȈ ȏȈ
ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ǸȖȏȈ" DzȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ǴȖȑ-
șȍȧ" ǵȖ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȐȏȔțȟȐȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȍȚ Ǩ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ — Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ
ȔȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȔțȎ ǷȘȖȠȓȐ țȎȍ Țȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȍȊȘȍȑșȒțȦ ȋȈȏȍȚț «ǫȍȑȕȚ». Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ǩȖȧȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ Ǩ ȗȖșȓȍ" Ȗȝ ǻȉȐ-
ȓȈ ȉȖȔȉȈ ȖȚȞȈ ǬȈȊȐȌȈ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǸȈȏȘțȠȐ-
ȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȖȔ ǬȈȊȐȌȈ șȋȖȘȍȓ ǰ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȊ-
ȘȍȑșȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ șȋȖȘȍȓȖ ǶȚ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ șȊȍȘȝț țȉȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȖ- ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǫȖȘȧȚ ȌȖȔȈ
ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȏȈȠțȘȠȈȓȖ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ
ȏȈȠȓȍȗȈȓȖ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȖ ǰ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȍȡȍ șȚțȟȐȚ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ șȚțȟȐȚ.
DzȚȖ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ"
 DzȈȕȚȖȘȠȈ ǸȖȏȈ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ
— DzȚȖ ȚȈȔ"
— ǶȚȒȘȖȑȚȍ Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȑȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǸȖȏȈ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ…
— Ƕ ǩȖȋ ǨȊȘȈȈȔȈ ǰșȈȈȒȈ ǰȈȒȖȊȈ ǿȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȏȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ"
ǻȎ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȖ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ…

122
ǫȓțȝȖ șȚțȟȐȚ ȏȈșȖȊ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ȖȝȈȕȤȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȦȚ ǰ Ȑȏ ȚȍȕȐ Ȋ șȊȍȚ ȊșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȜȐ-
ȋțȘȣ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒțȝȕȐ ȠțȘȠȈȓȖ
ȠȓȍȗȈȓȐ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǺȖ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǸȖȏȣ Ȑ ǸȈȐ
— .... ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ ǸȈȧ" ǵț ȐȌȐȚȍ ȐȌȐȚȍ Ǻșș… ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǴȖȑ-
șȍȑ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈșȕțȓ Ƕȝ Ƕȕ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ
ǿȍȘȕȖȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȒȖȗȈȚȤ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ Ȉ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȓț-
ȎȍȕȐȦ ǿȍȘȍȏ  Ȍȕȧ… ȕț Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ…
— Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ" ǵȍȔȞȣ ǶȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǵȍȔȞȣ" Ǩ… Ȉ… Ȉ…
— ǶȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ǫȖȘȖȌ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȈȕ ȕȍȔ-
ȞȈȔ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ…
— ǰ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȈȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȋȣ" ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȈȕ"
— .. ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ǩȖȋ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕț ȖȚȚțȌȈ
șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— …ǶȚȖȠȓȐ" Ȑ« Ȑ…
— ǬȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȖȚșȚțȗ…
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ ș ȚȍȕȧȔȐ ǼȐȋțȘȣ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȈȔȐ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȁț-Ƞț-Ƞț…
— ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ... Ȑ ȠȐ ȠȐ
— ǩțȌȍȚ șȌȈȕ… ȖȚȌȈȕ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǩȖȎȍ ǩȖȋ…
— Ǩ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ Ȑ
— ǶȖȖ ǴțȎ ȍȊȘȍȐ ǮȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȑ.. Ȑ
— ǵȍȔȞȣ-ȏȊȍȘȐ ǪȈȘȊȈȘȣ! Ǫȣ Ȏȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ
— Ȁț-Ƞț-Ƞț-Ƞț
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕț, ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ
— Ǫȣ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ" ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȝ Ƕȝ ȝȖ
ȝȖǹȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ ș ȚȍȕȧȔȐ ȗȓȧșȈȓȐ Ǩ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȘȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț Ȑ ȋȘȍȉȍȠȖȒ Ȗȋȕȧ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ ș
ȚȍȕȧȔȐ
II
ǵȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ, ȟȚȖ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȉȍȋșȚȊȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǬȖȘȖȋȈ țȎȍ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕȈ

123
ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȧȊȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ Ȋ Țȣȓț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǰ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ DzȈȒȖȑ șȔȣșȓ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȔ Ȑ țȗȈșȚȤ ȏȈ
ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ" ǶȚ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȗțȓȐ" ǶȚ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈ șȕȈȘȧȌȈ" ǹȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȧȔȈȝ Ȋ ȓȍșț" ǴȍȘȏȕțȚȤ ș ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȖ-
ȚȈ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖșȍȕȕȐȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ" ǰ ȚȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȘȍ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȦ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȦ" ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȊȍȘșȚ" ǰȏ-ȏȈ șȓȈȉȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ?
Ǩ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ" ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǭșȓȐ șțȎȌȍȕȖ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
ȍșȓȐ ǩȖȋ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȍȋȖ ǴȖȑșȍȧ Ȑ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ — ȚȖ
ȓțȟȠȍ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖȚȞȖȊ dzțȟȠȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȈȋȖȕȐȦ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ǮȍȕȈ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ șȗȈșțȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȐȔ ȗȐȡț ǹȈȔ
Ȏȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȚțȠȐȚȤ ȗȖȎȈȘȣ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȈȓȐȕ ȌȖȔȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚȤ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ țȉȐȚȣȝ
DzȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ
ȉȖȔȉȣ Ȉ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȗȖȓȍȚȧȚ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ
ǰ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȌțȋȐ — Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ
ǹȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȈȉȖȓȈȔ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ
ǹȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋțȓȖȔ ȖȉșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ
ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ-șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ — ȌȘȖȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ǩ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ǸȖ-
ȏȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ
ǷȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȈ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ©Ƕ
ǩȖȋ ǨȊȘȈȈȔȈ ǰșȈȈȒȈ ǰȈȒȖȊȈ» ǷȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǯȖȧ
Ȑ ǴȖȑȠȈ ǰșȈȑ Ȏȍ ȝȔțȘȖ ȏȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ ǺȈȔ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ șȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȉȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ șȖ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ șȚțȓȤȧ-
ȔȐ ǩȍȓȍȓȖ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ǩ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȟȈșȈȔȐ
Ǭȓȧ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȈ ǴȖȑșȍȧ șȌȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ǰ
țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȏȍȕȍ Ȑ ȌȍȚȧȔ Ȑ ȍȊȘȍȧȔ Ȑ
ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȈȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȧȒȈȔ ǹȌȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȎȐȚȤ țȎȈșȣ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȉȖȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȘȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚ
șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȗțȓȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚ ȘțȒȐ ȊȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ șȖȓȌȈȚ-ȊȈȘ-
ȊȈȘȖȊ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ȉȖȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȈȋȈ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȟȈșȣ ȏȈ ȔȍșȧȞȣ Ǫșȍ șȗȓȖ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȧȒȐ ȍȊȘȍȐ șȖȍȌȐ-

124
ȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ǬȖșȚȈȊȒȈ ȗȐȡȐ ȘȣȚȤȍ «ȗȖȌ-
ȏȍȔȍȓȤȧ» ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȊșȍȔȐ ǪȍȟȕȖșȚȤ
șȗȓȖȚȐȓȈ Ȑȝ
ǷȖȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȌȕȍȔ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ Ȉ ȕȖȟȤȦ — ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ
ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǵȖȟȤȦ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȝȓȍȉ ȖȊȖȡȐ ȊȖȌț
ȕȖȟȤȦ ȚțȠȐȓȐ ȗȖȎȈȘȣ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȓȐ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȚ
ȌȣȔȈ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǰ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȑ «ȎȐȓȐȡȈ» ȒȖȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
«ȌȖȔȈ».
III
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȎȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȘȍȊ
ȗțȠȍȒ ǹ ȟȈșț Ȍȕȧ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚ ȋțȓȈ ȏȊȍ-
ȕȍȓȐ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȋțȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ șȚȖȕȈȓȈ
ǷțȠȒȐ ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȚ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȗȖȓȍ ǫȘȖȔȖȔ ȋȘȍȔȧȚ ȉȍșȗȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȚ ȗțȠȒȐ
ǰ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ǷȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȊ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȔȖșȚȖȊȈȧ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ DzȈȔȕȐ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ DzȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȗȓȈȒȈ-
ȓȐ ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȈșȒȈȝ ș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ
DzȘȈșȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȖ țȓȐȞȣ Ȑ șțȍȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ
DzȘȈșȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȠȐȗȍȓȖ ȗȖȌ șȚȘțȧȔȐ ȊȖȌȣ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ
ȒȈșȒȐ ǰșȚȍȒȈȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȧȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȒȈșȒȐ
DzȘȈșȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȖ Ȑȝ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȚȍȕ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȍșȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȟȍȔ
ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȀȓȐ șȔȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȕȐ
ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȕȐ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȕȐ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ șȚȍȕ ȀȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍșȓȐ ȘȧȌ ȏȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǺȐȝȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ǺȖ ȚȘțȗȣ ȕȍșȓȐ
ǰ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȖȔ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ șȚȖȕȈȓȐ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ
ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȐ — Ȑ ȘȍȏȈȓ
țȝȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȐșȒ ȊȐȏȋ șȚȖȕȣ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȐȏȋ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȖ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ǵȍ șȗȈșȈȓȐ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ Ȋșȍȝ ǰ Ȋ ȧȔȣ-ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȘțȠȐ-

125
ȓȐșȤ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȌȈȊȐȓȐ
ǪȐȏȋȐ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ șȖ șȊȐșȚȖȔ Ȗȋȕȧ ș ȗȓȈȟȍȔ
Ȑ ȋțȓȖȔ ȗțȠȍȒ ǷțȠȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
DzȈȕȚȖȘ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȓ șȍȔȤȍ ǹ ȖȉȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈ-
ȔȐ ȔȖȒȘȣȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑȏ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȊȖȊ țșȚȈȓȣȑ Ƞȍȓ Ȗȕ.
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ-ȌțȋȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ-ȌțȋȐ-ȗȈȘȈ-
ȉȖȓȣ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȗȐȘȈȓȧȔȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǹȗȐȘȈȓȧȔȐ ȖȉȍȘȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ
ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȌțȋȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋț ȊȞȍȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ș țȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȌȖȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȈșȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ
Ȋ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ǰ ȕȈȌ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȔ șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȖȉȣ ȔȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣȝ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ Ȉ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȚȍȓȈ ȘȈșȗțȝȠȐȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ,
șȔȘȈȌȕȣȍ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȋȘȖȉȣ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ Ȋȏȓȍ-
ȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȗȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȈ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑȋȓ ǶȚȗȈȌȈȓȖ ȔȧșȖ Ǩ ȒȖșȚȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȊ ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ șȣȗȈ-
ȓȐșȤ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧșȤ șȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ.
ǶȚ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ Țȍȓ șȔȘȈȌ ȊȐȓșȧ ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȒȓȈȌ-
ȉȐȡȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ Țȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȋȈȏȖȊ ȕȍș-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ȀȍȗȟȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț Ƞȍȓ ǴȖȑșȍȑ-ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ
ȕȖȟȐ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Țȍȝ șȗȐȘȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Dz ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ-
ȔȐȘȈȔ ȕȍ Ȓ șȗȐȘȈȓȧȔ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȓȐșȤ ȊȏȖȘȣ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǩȖȋȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȀȍȗȟȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȍ
ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ ȊȣșȐȓȈșȤ ȒțȟȈ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ
ȉȘȍȊȍȕ
ǬȖȋȖȘȈȓ ȌȖȔ
IV
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȍȊȘȍȐ Ȋ șȐȕȈȋȖȋț. Ǫ ȉȍȓȣȝ ș ȟȍȘȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȒȈȑȔȈȔȐ ȗȓȈȚȤȧȝ ȠȓȐ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ǹȗȍȠȐȓȐ

126
ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȕȖș ȖȚ șȔȘȈȌȈ ȕȍșȠȍȋȖșȧ ș
ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ Ȑ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȚ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ ȀȓȐ
ȍȊȘȍȐ Ȋ șȐȕȈȋȖȋț Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȘȖ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȈ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ǰȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ǴȖȑ-
șȍȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ǩțȌȍȚ ȓȐ Ȋ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȍ"
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȘȈȊȊȐȕ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș țȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ƞȍȓ Ȗȕ ǷȘȖȠȓȐ Ȑ ǬțȌ-
ȒȐȕȣ Ȑ ǨȉȘȈȔșȖȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȍ — Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȥȚț șțȉ-
ȉȖȚț șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ Ǩ Ȋ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȍ țȎȍ ȋȖȘȧȚ șȊȍȟȐ Ȑ
ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȍȚȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ǷȓȈȟȍȚ ȘȈȊȊȐȕ ȗȓȈȟțȚ ȍȊ-
ȘȍȐ...
Ǩ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ȗȖȍȚ
ǯȈ ȖȌȕț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǴȖȑșȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȋȖȌȣ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȥȚȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȘȣ Ȑ
șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȏȍȕȣ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ-șȗȐȘȈȓȐ Ȑ șȔȘȈȌ
ȖȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ǸȈȏȘȣȓȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȏȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ
ȔȈșșț ǵȍȚ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ǸȖȏȈ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ǰșȈȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȍȚȐ
ȍȋȖ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ Ƕ ǩȖȋ ǪșȍșȐȓȤȕȣȑ ǰ ǯȖȧ — ȕȍ ǯȖȧ. ǷȖȓȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȉ ȔȖȏȋȐ ȊȣȗȈȓȐ ȕȈȘțȎț ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǹȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȒȖȍ șȓȐȏȤ Ƕ ȕȍȚ ȕȍ ǯȖȧ ǰ ȕȍ ǴȖȑȠȈ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȏȈșȚȣȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȊȣȘȍȏȈȓ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȚȐȓ
ȊȣșȊȍȘȓȐȓ ȌȣȘț ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ƕ ǩȖȋ ǰȏȘȈȐȓȍȊ ǰ ȚȘțȗȣ
ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȖȏȈȊȟȍȘȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȕȐ ȚȘțȗȣ ȕȍȌȍȓȧȔȐ ǬȍȊȖȟȒȈ Șțș-
șȒȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ Ȗȋȕȧ ș ȖȉȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȔȐ
ȊȖȓȖșȐȒȈȔȐ ȓȤȕȧȕȣȔȐ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣȕȍș ȍȍ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ȚȖ șȚȈ-
ȓȖ ȌțȘȕȖ ǻȘȖȕȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈșȤ țȗȈȊ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ǩ ȖȚȍȞ
ș ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȖȚ ȉȖȔȉȣ ǰ ȋȘȖȉȣ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ
Ƕ Ȗ Ȗ ǷȖȒȖȧ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȔț ȕȍȚ — Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȒțșȒȐ ȔȧșȈ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ǰ șȔȘȈȌ ǫȖȘȖȌ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȗȕ
șȊȖȍ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ ǪȖȕ ȔȖȓȧȚșȧ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȍȊȘȍȐ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȎȌȍȚ Ȑȝ" Ȑ
ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ" ǭȡȍ ȌȍȕȤ — ȗȈȌȍȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǪȖȘȊțȚșȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȐ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȋȘȈȉȍȎ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ
ǰ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ȗȖȍȚ
ǵȍșțȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț țȎȈșȣ ȊșȚȈȦȚ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ țȎȈșȖȊ ǰ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ șȚȖȕ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ
ȍȊȘȍȑ șȚȖȕ ȚȖȚ ǴȖȑșȍȧ ȏȈȎȍȋ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȐșșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȕțȦ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǩȖȋȈ ǷȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȔȖȓȧȚșȧ

Ȋșȍȑ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȖȑ ǸȊȍȚșȧ ȗȓȈȟ Ȓ ȕȍȉț
«ǩȖȎȍ șȗȈșȐ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǹȖȝȘȈȕȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǰȏ-
ȉȈȊȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȖȊ ȖȚ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ ǩȖȎȍ șȗȈșȐ ȋȖȘȖȌ»
ǰ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ȗȖȍȚ
Ǫșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ǩȖȋț. ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țșȓȣȠȐ ǩȖȋ ǰȏȘȈȐȓȍȊ
ǩȖȋ ǨȊȘȈȈȔȈ ǵȖȧ ǰșȈȈȒȈ ǰȈȒȖȊȈ ǩȖȋ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ǰȖȊȈ ǩȖȋ țșȓȣȠȐ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ǹȊȖȍȋȖ!
ǸȊȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȈȕȚȖȘȈ Ȓ șȊȖȌȈȔ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȐ ș ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ ș ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ǸȊȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ǴȖȑșȍȧ
ȗȍșȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȌȖ ȘȈȊȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖ ǯȈȗȖȊȍȌȍȑ ǵȍșȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȊȣșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȉț
Dz ȒȖȓȖȕȈȔ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȐ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ȍȊȘȍȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȐ Ȗȗțș-
ȚȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ — Ȑ șȓțȠȈȦȚ ȚȖȚ ȋȖȓȖș Țț ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ
ǶȚȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ Ȑȝ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȓȖș ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ țșȚȈȔȐ
șȓȖȊ ǬțȠȈ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ
ǵȖȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȖȍȚ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ Ȋșȍ ȘȊțȡȐȔ Ȑȏ
șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ ȘȊțȡȐȔ Ȋ șȍȉȍ
Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȌțȠȈ ȒȈȕȚȖȘȈ ǴȖȑșȍȧ ȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ «ǩȖȎȍ șȗȈșȐ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȐȊț-
ȡȐȝ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
Ǻȣ ǩȖȋ — ǭȌȐȕ
Ǻȣ ǩȖȋ — ǪșȍșȐȓȤȕȣȑ
ǩȖȎȍ ǹȗȈșȐ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǻșȓȣȠȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ǹȊȖȑ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐ ȌțȠț ȔȖȦ ǩȖȎȍ Ȑ șȗȈșȐ ȋȖȘȖȌ»
ǰ țȗȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȕȚȖȘ ǶȚ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈ
șȍȘȌȞȈ
***
Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ȋȖȘȖȌ ȉȣȓ șȗȈșȍȕ ǪȘȈȋȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓȐ

ǻ ǸȖȟȓșȓȐ
ǸǼǹDzȁǻ
ǰȓȓ ǹ ǮȐȊȖȚȖȊșȒȖȋȖ

129
ǵȦȠȒȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȌȍȌ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȕȖ ȍȑ țȎȈ-
șȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȊȍȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ șȊȧȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘțȠȐȔȖ ǯȈȉȐȊȠȐșȤ
ș ǷȈȓȈȠȒȖȑ Ȋ șȘțȉȣ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐșȍȊ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔțȟȐȑ Șȍȗȍȑ-
ȕȐȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȐ
ȌȍȌȈ ȗȖ ȒȖșȚȖȟȒȈȔ ǵȦȠȒȈ Ȋșȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȉ
ǷȈȓȈȠȒȈ țȔȍȊȠȈȧ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ȀȚȈȕȣ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȐ ȘțȉȈȝȈ ȚȖȎȍ Ƕȕ ȐȌȍȚ Ȉ Ȍțȝ
ȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȋț ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ.
ǵȦȠȒȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȌ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋț ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ Ȍțȝ Ȉ ȗȈȓȖȟȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȚȣȟȍȚ Ȋ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ǻȏȕȈȊȠȐ ȖȚ ǷȈȓȈȠȒȐ ȟȚȖ Ȍțȝ ȖȕȈ șȘȈ-
ȏț Ȋșȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȑ ș ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȈ
— ǰ ȊȍȘȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǶȕȐ ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȡȈȊ ȊȣȗȖȘȝȕțȓȐ Ȑȏ Șȍȗȍȑ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǪȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓ ȘȍȠȍȕ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ǵȦȠȒț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȏȧȓȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ȀȚȈȕȣ ț ȌȍȌȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȘțȉȈȝȈ ȚȖȎȍ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȌȍȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȓȐ — ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐșȤ
— ǬȍȌ Țȣ ȒȖȓȌțȕ" — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ Ȍȍ-
ȌȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ" DzȈȒȖȑ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȒȖȓȌțȕ" — ȗȘȧȔȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȌȍȌ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȐ
ǵȦȠȒȍ ȚȈȒ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȕȈȎȈȓȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǷȈȓȈȠȒȍ
— ǯȈȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ — ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— Ǩ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ — ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ǷȈȓȈȠȒȈ — Ǩ Țȣ ȍȋȖ

130
ȊȣȊȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȊȖȌț
—ȇȕȍțȔȍȦ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ȌȍȊȟȖȕȖȟȒȈ — șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘț-
ȝȈ ȗȖțȟȐȓȈ ǷȈȓȈȠȒȈ — ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ — Ȗȕ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ șȚȖ ȗțȌȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ǭșȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȏȈ-
ȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ, ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȊȖȌț ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
șȊȍȟȒȈ ȝȖȌȐȚ șȈȔȈ Ȋ ȝȓȍȊ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȔț Ȍțȝț ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ǵȈȌȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ șȗȈȚȤ
Ƕȉȍ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȊȣȗțȟȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ șȊȍȟȒȖȑ Ȑ ǷȈȓȈȠȒȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȘȈȏǵȖȟȤȦ ǵȦȠȒȈ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ șȗȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȘȦȟȒȐ Ȑ șȍȚȖȟȒȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȖȘȦȟȒȐ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȝȓȍȊ ȔȖ-
ȓȐȚȤșȧ șȊȍȟȒȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ — ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ țșȕțȓȈ ǷȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ ȖȚ
ȐșȗțȋȈ ȟȚȖ țșȕțȓȈ ȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȖȋ Ȓ ȌȍȌț — ȌȍȌȈ ȕȍȚ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȏȍȊȈȓȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȡț-
ȗȈȓȈ ȚȈȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȡȍȕȒȈ ȏȈȉȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȐȑ ȊȈȓȍȕȖȒ,
ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȐȔ țȚȍȠȈȚȤșȧ DzȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȠȈȋȕțȓ șȈȔ ȌȍȌ ǷȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȚȈȡȐȓ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕțȦ ȘȣȎțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȒȘȣȠȒȐ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȋȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȖ-
ȌȖȟȒȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒțȦ ȎȍȓȚțȦ șȊȍȟȒț ǹȈȔȖȍ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ — șȊȍȟȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ǵȦȠȒȈ Ȋșȧ ȖȉȖȔȓȍȓȈ
ǷȖȒȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ, ȕȍ ȔȐȋȈȧ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȍȟȒȍ ȒȕȐȋȈ ț Ȍȍ-
ȌȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ șȊȍȟȒȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȎȕȐȞț Ȉ șȈȔ ȌȍȌ ȗȖ-
ȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ǵȦȠȒȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȣ ș ȗȘȐȓȐȗȠȐȔ ȗȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȓȐ-
șȚȐȒȖȔ ǵȦȠȒȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ-șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ țșȕțȓȈ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ǵȦȠȒȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧȊșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȘȍȏȈȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
ȚȍȔȕȣȑ șȖȕ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȉȍȏ șȓȍȌȈ Ǫ Ȑȏȉȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ
țȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȍȌ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȣ
șȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȗțȋȈȓȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȖ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȔțȝȐ Ȑ
ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȒȖȠȒȈ ș ȒȖȚȍȕȒȖȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘțȏȕȣȑ șȓȍ-
ȗȍȕȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ șȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ș țȔȈ ȋțȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗțȏȣȘȟȈȚȖȔ
șȚȍȒȓȍ șȐȓȧșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȗ șȚȍȒȓȖ — ȚȖȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉț

131
ǵȦȠȒȈ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȌȍȌȖȊț ȒȕȐȋț — ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȗȖȌ
ȌȍȌȖȊț ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȔȖȌ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȌțȠȒț ǹȊȍȟȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ
ȒȈȒ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȉ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ ǯȈȚȖ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȕȈ
șȚȍȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȞȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍȌȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖ ǶȕȈ ȍȋȖ
șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȖ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȟȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ șȐȓȣ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȖ ȖȚ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ǵȦȠȒȈ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȍȍ șȈ-
ȔțȦ ȘȣȎțȦ ȌȍȌȖȊț ȒȕȐȋț ș ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȌȖȟȒȐ Ǻȧ-
ȎȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘȕȈȧ Ȑ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȕȈșȐȓț ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȈ ȍȍ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ǫșȧ ȖȕȈ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȒȈȗȈȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗțȋȖȊȒȈȔȐ
ȊȖșȒȈ ȖȗȈȓȍȕȈ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȖȔ șȊȍȟ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȈȝȓȈ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ.
ǻȋȓȣ ȖȒȖȊȈȕȣ șȚȈȘȣȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑȏ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȝȊȖșȚȣ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȎȈȓȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȖȗȍȘȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȖȕȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȍȠȖȒ Ȑ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȒȘȣȠȒț ǷȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȓȐȕȧȊȠȐȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǵȦȠȒȐȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ Ȑȏ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȧȉȓȖȒȖȊ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉȣ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ,
Ȑ ȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǰ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȏȈ ȓȐșȚȒȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ Ȏȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉȣ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȑș-
ȒȈȓȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȕȈȠȓȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȐȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȔȈȧȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ
țȎ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȒȕȐȋț ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȓȈ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑȏ Ȑȏȉȣ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȕȈ șțȝȖȑ
ȏȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȣȓȤȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
ȒȕȐȋȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȍșȖȊ
ǷȈȓȈȠȒȍ Ȏȍ ȍȡȍ ȧșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȉȍșț
șȊȖȦ ȌțȠț
— Ƕȑ ȌȍȊȖȕȤȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ Ȗȉ Țȍȉȍ DzȖȓȌțȕȣ
Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȦȚ — ȗȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ șȚȈȘțȝȐ
ǴȈȘȤȍȊȕȣ
ǵȦȠȒȈ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȌ țȏȕȈȍȚ ǵȖ
ȌȍȌ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ș ȖȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ Ȋ Ȑȏȉț — ȘȈȏ ȗȖȝȓȍȉȈȚȤ ȚȦ-
ȘȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȘȈȏțȚȤșȧ — Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȘȈ-
ȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȓ ȒȕȐȋȐ

132
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȍȌ ȘȈȕȖ ȓȍȋ ȕȖ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓȈ ȕȍ șȗȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȔ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȕȍ țșȕțȓȈ Dz ȗȖȓȕȖȟȐ ȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȓțȕȈ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ ȏȈ-
șȍȘȍȉȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ȊȍȌȘȈ ȏȈȉȓȐșȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȒȈȟȈȦȡȐȑșȧ
ȔȈȧȚȕȐȒ ȏȈșȐȧȓȈ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ȒȓȍȚțȠȒȈ ș ȎȍȓȚȖȦ șȖȓȖȔȖȑ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȌȍȌȖȊȖȔ țȋȓț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ
ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚțȌȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȍȗȖ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ
ȗȈȓȍȞ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȘȖȋȈ — ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȖ ȏȈȠțȘȠȈȓȖ ȒȈȠȓȧȕțȓȖ
ȗȖȗȍȘȝȕțȓȖșȤ ǬȍȌȖȊȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȣ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓț ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȦ
ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȌȍȌ ȗȖȗȓȍȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ
ȟȚȖ țȎ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȌȍȌ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ, Ȗȕ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȓ ǹ ȒȕȐȋȖȦ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ Ȗȗ ȏȈȠȓȍȗȈȓ ȉȖ-
șȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǸȖșȈ ȋțșȚȖ
Ȑ ȔȖȒȘȖ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ ȓțȋȈȔ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ ȕȖ ȌȍȌ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȉȖșȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȊȖȘȒȐ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȗȈȓ
ȕȈ ȎȍșȚȒțȦ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒț Ȓ ȋțȔȕț Ȑ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȍȏ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȣ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȕȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȁȍȓ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȓȒȐ Ȉ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȘȖ-
ȗȐȕȒȍ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȓțȎȐȞț ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ șȚȖȘȖȕȒȖȑ ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ șȓȍȗȖȑ
ǵȈ ȋțȔȕȍ ȌȍȌ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȓȣ ȗȖȒȖ-
ȘȖȟȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȏțȉȞȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȐȓ Ȓ
ȟȍȘȍȕȒț șȊȖȦ șȊȍȟȍȟȒț Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȗȓȐȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ șȍȘȕȐȟȒȈ Ȉ ȒȕȐȋț
ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ Țȍȓȍȋț
— ǵȖȟȕȖȍ ȉȌȍȕȐȍ ǵȈȟȈȓȖ — ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȍȘȍȟȐȊȖ ȊȖȏȌȍȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȏȍȔȕȖ
— ǰ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȞȈȘȧ ǴȈȔȈȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȊșȦ ȘȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȍȔȐșȖȚȍȕȕțȦ — șȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȊȖȕ-
ȒȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ — ǰ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐșȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ,
ȗȓȈȔȧ ȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȦȡȐȝ ǷțȗȈ Ȑ DzȘțȗȈ Ȑ ȌȖȔ ǺȊȖȑ țȟȘȍȌȐ ȊȖ
ǰȍȘțșȈȓȐȔȍ-ȋȘȈȌȍ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
ǬȍȌ ȎȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȓȐșȚ ȏȈ ȓȐșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ
ȕȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȊȒȘȐȊȤ Ȑ ȊȒȖșȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȕȍȊȐȌȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ
țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȐȧ — ȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȚȈȒȐȝ țȎȈșȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ,
ȒȈȒ ǴȈȔȈȑ Ȑ ȕȍȔȞȣ Ȑ ȘȈȚȤ șȍȔȐșȖȚȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȍșȣ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȌȍȌ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ

133
ȒȈȘȈȚȤ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ
ȉȍȌȕȣȔ ȉȍșȈȔ Ȑ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȖȕ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȋȘȈȊȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȌȖȔȖȑ
Ǩ țȚȘȖ ȊșȗțȋȕțȓȖ Ȋșȍ șȍȓȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȖ ©ȕȍȔȞȣª ȕȍ șȝȖȌȐȓȖ
ț Ȋșȍȝ ș ȧȏȣȒȈ DzȖȍ-ȒȚȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȒȖȍ-ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȐȌțȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȋ
ȊȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ
ȚȖȓȒ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ǸȈȏ ț ȕȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȌ ȔȈȔȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȚȤ ȏȣȉȒț Ȉ
ȖȚȍȞ ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒț — ȌȍȌ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ, Ȋșȍȝ ȊȣȏȖȊȍȚ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȈȘȈȍȚ ǰ ǷȈȓȈȠȒȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȌȖȔ — ȖȕȈ Țȧȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȜȐȍȔ ǵȖ ȗȖȔȕȧ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈȠȕȐȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȐȋȍ Ȉ ȗȘȐșȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȊȖȘ-
ȒȈȝ ț ȗȓȍȚȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȊȍȘȍȚȤȍ ǶȚșȦȌȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȚȍȗȓȐȓȈșȤ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȖȔ șȊȍȟȍȟȒȈ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȌȍȌ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȐșȚȖȊȖ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ
— ǰ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȅȜȐȖȗȈ ȊȍȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȥȜȐȖȗȈ ȚțȘȒȔȍȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȈșȗȐȌȖȊ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȏȘȧȡȐȔ ȗȖ-

ȓȍ ȉȘȈȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȡȐȔ ȌȈȑ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ȌțȝȈ ǺȊȖȍȋȖ — ȊȖȏȋȓȈ-
ȠȈȓ ȌȍȌ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȊȐȌȍ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȌȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȌȊȈ șȍȘȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȊȣșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȊȈ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȘȖȎȒȈ
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȍȌ șȚȈȓ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ-ȕȈȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ șȊȍȚȖȔ
șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȘȖȕȒȍ Ȉ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǵȦ-
ȠȒȖȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȟȐșȚȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȌȘȍȔțȟȐȑ ȓȍș
Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ ǰ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ șȈȔȈ ȘȈȚȤ șȍȔȐșȖȚȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ
— ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȊȘȈȋȈ" — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȌȍȌ
— ǪȐȎț — ȗȐȡȐȚ ǵȦȠȒȈ.
— ǫȓȧȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȦ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȚțȌȈ șȊȍȚȖȕȖșȕțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȚȘȖȋȈȍȚșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȗȖȓȏȚȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȓȦ-
ȌȧȔ Ȉ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ Ȑ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȓȍș ȕȍȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȍ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗțȚȐ ǺȖȕțȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ
ȌȍȌ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȘțȒț ǴȖȋțȟȐȑ ȓȍș ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȖȚț Ȑ șȘȈȊ-
ȕȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȟȐșȚȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȉȖȓȖȚȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȓȍșȖȔ ǷțșȚȖ
Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȎȍȚ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȚ ȌȈ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȈȚȤ — ȥȒȈȧ ȉȈȓȖȊȕȐȞȈ Ǵȣ țȎ
ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘȍȒț țȗȈȓȈ
ǵȦȠȒȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȓȍ-
ȎȐȚ ȒȈȓȈȟȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȚȤȍ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȖ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȔ
— DzȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȘȈȋ-ȚȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǵȦȠȒȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ș șȖȕȕȖȦ
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ — ǹȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ
— ǰȠȤ Țȣ — șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȔȈȚȤ — ǵȈȉțȉȕȐȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ
ȋȖȓȖȊț-ȚȖ Ǩ Ȑ ȊȗȘȈȊȌț ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ ǸȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ
— Ƕȕ ȒȖȓȌțȕ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȚȘȖȋȖ ǵȦȠȒȈ
Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȘțȒȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȈ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȌȘȍȔȍ ȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȊȍȘȍȚȤȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ-ȌȍȌȈ

Ǻ ǿȎȕȜțȜȐ
ǯǹǮDZǼDzǮȀȊ ǿǼȆǹǮ

136
ǵȈ ȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ Ǫȣȋ-ȘȍȒȈ ȖȚ șȊȍȚț ǩȖȎȤȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȏȣȉȒțȦ ȔȠȈȕȐȕț ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ șȒȐȚ ©ǫȖȓțȉȍȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǩȖȎȤȐȝ»
șȚȖȐȚ ǰșȗȖȒȖȕ ȊȍȒț ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ǨȊȊȈȒțȔȍ-ȖȚȞȍ ȖȉȖșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
©ȋȖȓțȉȐª ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȓȦȉȈ ȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȏȈȓȍșȕȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
ȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȈȧ-ȕȍȗȘȖȍȏȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȒȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȈȧ
ǰ ȎȐȊțȚ șȍȉȍ
ǷȘȈȊȍȌȕȖ ȎȐȊțȚ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª — ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ șȚȐȝȐ ȗȖȦȚ
ȕȍȔțȌȘȣȍ ȌȖșȦȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ǪȐȕȈ ȚȈȔ ȈȓȤ ȉȓțȌȈ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȔȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȐ ©ȋȖȓț-
ȉȐª — ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ
dzȐȠȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȘȍȝȈ ȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ©ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ǩȖȎȤȐȔȐª ȌȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȚȐ ȌȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȟȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȖȝȖȟȐ ǹȓȖȊȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȍ ©Dzȍ-
șȈȘȍȊȖ — DzȍșȈȘȍȊȐ Ȉ ǩȖȎȤȍ — ǩȖȋȖȊȐª — ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȔȈȕȍȘ ȚȖȓ-
ȒȖȊȈȓȐ DzȈȒ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ©ȕȍȒȘțȚȟȐȕȣª — Ȑ șȝȖ-
ȘȖȕȧȚșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȕȣȔ ȉȖȘȈȔ ȌȈ ȉȖȓȖȚȕȣȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȡȈȔ ǷȖ-
ȗȘȖȉțȑ-ȒȈ șȣșȒȈȚȤ
Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȤª ȕȈ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖ ȒȓȈȓȐ Ȉ țȎ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȐȕ ȍȎȍȓȐ ȌȈ Ȗȕ șȒȖȗȍȞ
ǵȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȍțȝț ȕȍȚ ȕȐ țșȖȊ ȕȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ
șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȉȈȉȤȧ ȌȈ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȖȕȖȒ
ǰ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȐ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª ȟȚȖ ǯȈȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȌȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȕȍ ȊȖȘȖȠȐȓȐ
ǹȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖȚ ©ȗȖȗȖȊȞȍȊª ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȐ ș ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ǹȗȖȘȐȓȐ… ǬȖ ȋȘȣȎȐ ȕȈȌșȈȎȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ǩ
©ȋȖȓțȉȐª Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ©ǮȐȏȕȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȈȧ ǶȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ
ȗȖȠȓȈ ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ǬțȝȈ ǩȖȎȤȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȋȖȓțȉȐȕȖȔ
ȕȈȌ șȒȐȚȖȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ».
ǰ ȊȗȘȧȔȤ — ȐșȗȖȒȖȕ ȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ-ȗȚȐȞȈ
Ȋ ȘȍȏȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȉțȠȒȍ-ȋȖȓțȉȧȚȕȐȒȍ ȎȐȓ ǬțȔȈȓȐ ©ȓȦȌȐ ǩȖ-
ȎȤȕª ȕȈȘțȠȤ ȊȖȘȖȝȕȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȓȈȎȍȕȈ —
țȓȍȚȐȚ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ǩȖȎȤȧ Ȉ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȋȖȓțȉȤ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȑ țȎ ȓȍȚ  ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȒȐȚț ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȝȖȑ»
șȚȖȐȚ ȔȈȚȤ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ
ǴțȎ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȍȒ ȗȘȐȎȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȌȊțȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ǰȓȤȦ ȌȈ
ǴȐȝȈȑȓț DzȘȍȗȒȖ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ — ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȚȈ-
ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ-ȌȍȧȕȤȧ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȌȐ șȗȈșȍȕȤȧ Ȑȝ
ȌțȠ

137
ǹȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ ǰȓȤȦ Ȋ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȈȒȐª șȒȐȚșȒȐȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȍȔț ȟȍȘȍȌ Ȋ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȐȌȚȐ ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȤª ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȐ ȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȈȟț ȍȡȍ șȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ
ȗȈȘȕȧ Ȓ ©șȍȋȖȏȍȘșȒȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȤȧȔª Ȋ ȔȍșȚȈ țȎ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
ȓȈȏȕȣȍ ȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȊșȧȒȈȧ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȚȖ ȏȈȓȍȚȐȚ ȕȍ ȊșȧȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ
ȏȈȉȍȎȐȚ ǹ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȊȍșȤ ©ȟȐȕª ȖșȒȖȗȓȍȕȤȧ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȓȈ ȕȈȌ șȣȕȖȔ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧȟȒȖ ©ȕȍȒȘțȚȟȐȕȣª — ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǰȓȤȧ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȎȐȓȐ Ǩ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȊȍșȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ dzȍȚȖ ǷȘȖ ȊȖȑȕț șȚȈȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȓȧȒȈȚȤ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ ǰ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª — ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ț ǴȈȕȍȜȣ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȚșȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȈȘȕȧ Ǩ
ȚȖ ȊșȧȒȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ǰ țȉȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ
ǰ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȐ ȚȍȔ ȓȍȚȖȔ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª ȕȖȊțȦ ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȦ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ.
ǵȈ ȓȍșȕțȦ ȊȣȘțȉȒț ȋțȘȤȉȖȑ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓȐ..
Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȒț — ȓȍș ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
ȋȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓșȧ ǰȓȤȧ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª ȒȘȍșȚȈ
șȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȗȓȖȚȐȓȐșȤ țȎ ȉȘȍȊȕȈ ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǷȖȋȐȉ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ
ǷȖȕȐȒȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ țșȓȣȠȈ Țț ȊȍșȚȖȟȒț ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȊȏȊȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȖȝȈȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ș țȒȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȌȈ ȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȖșțȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȖș ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȘ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȖșȚȘȐȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ-ȕȈȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȋțȉȣ șȎȈȓȐșȤ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȏȈȚȈȧ
ǴȐȝȈȑȓȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȌ Ȋ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȈȒȐª șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ țșȚȈȊȐȚșȧ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȕȧ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ,
ȔȖȓȟȐȚ Ǩ ȋȓȈȏȈ-ȚȖ — ȕȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ — ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ ȐȒȖȕȍ
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȖșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȚ ǯȈȗȈȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȌțȔȈ Ȋ ǴȈȕȍȜȐȕȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȐȕȖȎȌȣ ȊȣȘȊȍȚșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȏ-
ȗȖȌ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȒȈ Ȉ ȕȍȚ
țȎ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ
ǵȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ©ȋȖȓțȉȍȑª ȌȖȗȘȍȟȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ǰ ȟȍȔ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǴȐȝȈȑȓț Ȋ șȒȐȚ-
șȒȐȍ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȈȒȐª ȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ șȔȧȚȍȕȤȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ
ǴȈȕȍȜȐȕț ȌțȠț.
Ǩ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ șȕȣ ȌȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ șȚȈȓȐ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȑ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȌȕȖ Ȋșȍ șȕȧȚșȧ șȚȖȧȚ ȊȘȈȚȈ
ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȘ ȞȈȘșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȊȍȌțȚ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȌȊȍ ȗțȚȐ-ȌȖȘȖȎȍȕȤȒȐ« Ǩ
ȐȌțȚ ȗȖ ȚȍȔ ȗțȚȧȔ ȓȦȌȐȠȒȐ ȝȘȍȡȍȕȣȍ ǪȐȌȈ ȕȍȊȏȘȈȟȕȖ-

138
ȋȖ ș ȒȖșȚȣȓȧȔȐ-ȗȖșȖȠȒȈȔȐ — ȕȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ — ȒȈȓȍȒȐ ș
ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ ǰ ȖȌȍȎȖȕȒȈ-ȚȖ ȘțȝȓȈȧ ǺȈȒ — ȖȌȕȖ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ȋȖȓȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȕȈȧ Ǩ ț ȊȘȈȚ șȚȖȐȚ ǰȖȈȕȕ-ǪȖȐȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȕȖ
Ȋ ȗȖȧș ȒȈȓȍȒȈȔ ȚȍȔ ȒȓȈȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔ ȊȣȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȍȚ ©ǷȖȌȤȚȍ ȋȖșȚȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ǷȖȚȟțȑȚȍșȤ ȋȖșȚȐȚȈȑ-
ȚȍșȤ ț șȚȖȓȈ ǾȈȘȧ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖª
ǬȐȊț ȌȈȓȈșȤ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ Ȑ ȟȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȐ ȟȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȠȈȕȚȘȈȗȍ
ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȕȖȑ"
©ǪȖȐȕȣ ȘȈȚȤ ȊȖȐȕșȒȈȧ ǮȐȊȖȚ șȊȖȑ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȊȠȈȧ ǹȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȕȍȉȖșȤ ȗȘȖ ȊȖȑȕț-ȚȖ — ȚȈȒ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋșȍ
ȋȖșȚȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ǰ ȟȍșȚȤ ȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȟȚȖ șȈȔțȦ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ», — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǰȖȈȕȕ-ǪȖȐȕ.
ǫȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ Ȑ ȊȗȘȧȔȤ ȟțȌȕȖ ǰȕȈȒȖ țȟȐ-
ȓȐ ©ȋȖȓțȉȍȑª ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȣȝ șȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȐȕȈ-
ȒȖ Ȑ șȈȔȐ ©ȓȦȌȐ ǩȖȎȤȐª ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖ șȗȈ-
șȍȕȤȍ
ǷȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ ȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȗțȚȤ-ȌȖȘȖȎȍȕȤ-
Ȓț ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ǵȈ Țț ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-ȘȧȌț ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ǩ ȒȈȒ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȈȝȕțȓȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȍȒȕțȓȈșȤ ©Ƕ ǫȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐ, ǺȊȖȧ șȐȓȈª
ǪȐȌȐȚ șȚȖȐȚ Ȗȕ ǰȓȤȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ DzȈȒ ȖȉȘȧȎȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȋȘȖȉ:
Ȋ ȗȖșȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȊȒȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ǹȚȖȐȚ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȐȚȤ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǬȖ șȈȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ǴȈȕȍȜȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ« ǻȔȘȍȚ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ țȕȍșȍȚ ȖȕȈ șȣȕȖȊȕȐȑ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȍȒ
Ǩ ȋȖȓȖș ǰȖȈȕȕȈ-ǪȖȐȕȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȟȍȚ
©ǷȘȐȚȟț-ȚȖ Ȗ ȏȊȈȕȣȝ ȕȈ ǪȍȟȍȘȦ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ" ǷȖȉȘȍȏȋȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȏȖȊȖȔ ǾȈȘȧ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ" ǴȈȔȖȕȖȑ ȖșȓȍȗȐȓȐșȤ" Ǩ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȖȑȕț ȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ
ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȐȘȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȝȘȈȔȐȕț, ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȊȈș Ȓ șȗȈșȍȕȤȦ
ȏȊȈȓ
ǵȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ȒȚȖ — șȈȔ șȍȉȍ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȓ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǰ șȧȌțȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ — Țȍ țȉȖȋȖȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ș ȗȖșȖȠȒȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȒȖșȚȣȓȧȔȐ ǹȧȌȍȚ ȘȈȚȤ ȊȖȐȕșȒȈȧ»
ǶȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ — Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȖȚț ȖȚ ȊȐȌȍȕȤȧ...
©ǷȖȋțȉȐȓȈ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȈ ȖȒȈȧȕȕȈȧ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȚȐȡȍ ǹȊȖȐȔȐ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȐȓȈª — ȓȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȡȍȓ-

139
ȒȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǪȌȘțȋ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȖȓȤȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȝțª ȈȎȕȖ
Ȋșȧ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȏȊȖȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȈȊȕȦ ȗȘȖȒȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ
ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȕȐȞȍ ©ȋȖȓțȉȍȑª ȒȓȐȒȈȧ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ țȌȈȘȐȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȈ ȗȖ-
ȓțȕȖȟȕȐȞȍȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȖ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȍ ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȤª șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȚȤ
ǯȈșȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȚȖȚ ȏȊȖȕ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ
©ȝȘȍșȚȈª — ȒȈȒ ȟȐȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ǪȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ  ȓȍȚ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȓȍșȚȖȊȒȍ DzȈȒ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȚȖȟȐ-
ȊȈ ȘțȉȈȝȍ ȌȖ ȗȧȚ ȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ țȋȓț ȋȌȍ ȔȖȘȡȐ-
ȕȐșȚȣȑ ȖȚ ȚȘȍȡȐȕ ȓȐȒ ǨȊȊȈȒțȔȈ-ȖȚȞȈ ȊȐșȍȓ ǪȗȓȖȚȕțȦ
ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȓ ȓȐȒț ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȝȈª ȕȍ ȔȐȋȈȦȟȐ șȚȘȖȋȐȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ țșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ — ǹțȌȤȧ ǷȘȈȊȍȌȕȈȧ
ǬȖȓȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȋȖȘȍȓȈ
ȓȐ șȊȍȟȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȓȐ ȗȘȐȚțȓȐȓșȧ — ȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȐȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǨȊȊȈȒțȔ-ȖȚȍȞ
©ǺȖ-ȚȖ Ȏȍª, — șȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ Ȑ
ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȊ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȍșȚȘȧȌȤ — ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȦ Ǫ Țț șȈ-
ȔțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȓȍȕȖȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ȋ ȖȉȕȐȔȒț ș ȓȈ-
ȌȈȕȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȟȤȦ șȐȏȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ șȚȓȈȓȖșȤ Ǩ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª
ȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈȋȖȋȖ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȐȕȖȔ șȚȐȝȐ ȋȕțșȈȊȐ-
ȓȐ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȗȚȐȞȈ-ǾȍșȈȘȤ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ
— ǩțȌȍȚ ǵȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ ǽȊȈȚȐȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȈȋțȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍț-
ȠȐ ǴȈȚȤ ȧ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȑȚȍ Ȉ ȗȈȘȕȧ țȘȖ-
ȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȔ ǩțȌȍȚ
ǰ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȋȖ ǴȐȝȈȑȓț ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ
Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ
— ǸȍȝȕțȓȈșȤ ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȝȈª ǵȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ țȔȍ ȉȈȉȈ — ȏȈ-
ȘȖȒȖȚȈȓȐ, ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ, ȒȘțȋȖȔ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȝȕțȓȈșȤ ǪȖȚ ȌȖ șȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ — ȊȍȘȕȖ, ȉȣȓȈ
ȘȍȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — șȈȔȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȗȈȘȕȧ
ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊț ǶȚȊȍȏț Ȋ ȊȖȓȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȊȣȊȈȓȧȦșȤ, Ȉ Ȋȣ-

ȔȖȓȦ ȟȚȖȉ ȊȏȧȓȐ Ȋ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ǷțșȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ — ȎȐȊȖȚ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȚ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐ șȊȖȧ ǯȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǩȖȎȤȦ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚ ǪȖȑȕȈ
ȕȖȕȐȟȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȐȘ ț ǾȈȘȧ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ Ǫșȍȝ Ƕȕ ȏȖȊȍȚ Ǫșȍȝ
ȒȖȔț șȗȈșȍȕȤȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ǰȌȐ ȌȐȚȧȚȒȖ ȐȌȐ — ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȣȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǴȈȕȍȜȈ — ȔȖȎȍ,
șȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȐȚșȧ ǾȈȘȤ ǵȍȉȍșȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ Ȑ ǰȓȤȦȠȍ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ Ȓ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ©ȋȖȓțȉȐª Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ
ȊȖȘȖȊȈȚȖ ȒȘȈȌțȟȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț țȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ Ȑ ȓȈȌȈȕ ș ȒȈȓȍ-
ȕȣȔ ȌțȝȖȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ
— ǷȘȖȗȈȓ șȒȐȚ ǸțȠȐȓȈ ©ȉȖȓȤȠțȝȈª ȌȍȌȖȊșȒȖȍ ȎȐȚȤȍ
ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȖȍ ǻȓȍȚȐȚ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ǩȖȎȤȧ Ȉ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞȈ șȒȐȚ-
șȒȈȧ ȋȖȓțȉȤ—-ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȞȣ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȞȈȔȐ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧșȤ ȗȖ
ȒȍȓȍȑȒȈȔ
ǸțȔȧȕȈȧ ȏȈȘȧ ȏȈȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȖȏȍȘȖȔ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔ ȞȍȓȖȊȈ-
ȕȤȍȔ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȘȖșȐșȚȖȔț ȉȖȘț Ȉ ȚȈȘȈȚȈȑȒȈ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȧ
ȒȖȓȍșȈȔȐ țȊȖȏȐȓȈ ǴȈȕȍȜț ș ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȔ Ȋ ȊȖȓȖșȚȤ
ǵȍ ȎȐȊȣ — ȕȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ ȊȣșțȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ©ȓȦȌȐ
ǩȖȎȤȐª ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠț ȔȖȓȍȓȤȕȐ ȚȈȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȐȌȍȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȤ-ȗȚȐȞȈ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȔȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț ȚȈȘȈ-
ȚȈȑȒȍ
— ǵȍ țȓȍȚȍȓ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
șȚȈȘȞȣ
— ǯȕȈȔȍȕȤȍ ǷȍȘșȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ — ȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȞȣ
Ǫ ȓȍșț ȟȐȓȐȒȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȚȈȝȐ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝ-
ȕțȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȖȠȓȈ, ©ȓȦȌȐ ǩȖȎȤȐ ȋȖȓțȉȐª
—ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ șȖȠȓȈ

ǽȖȚȓț ǸȎȞȝȜȐ
ǵǮǽǼǰdzDzȊ ǿǼǹǻȄǮ
ǰȓȓ ǫ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȈ

142
I
ǷȖȌ șȐȏȣȔȐ ȏȖȘȧȔȐ ȋȈȌȈȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ Ȗ DzȐȘȐȓȓȍ Ǩ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ȗȖȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȒȈȚȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ȗȖȓȍȔ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕț ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ǩȖȋț ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȚȈȑȕțȦ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȓ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊȣ ȕȍ ȊșȧȒ ȘȈș-
ȒțșȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȕȣȍ.
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ. Ǩ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ — Ȗ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ
ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ǹȖȜȘȖȕț — ȕȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ǸȈȏȋȖ-
ȘȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȤȚȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǹȣȕ ȒȘȈșȈȊȍȞ-ȗȍȘȊȍ-
ȕȍȞ DzȐȘȐȓȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȖȚ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȈ țȠȍȓ ȌȈ Ȑ — ȕȐ Ȍțȝț
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ǹȖȜȘȖȕț ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȏȈȉȣȚ Ȗȕ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ! Ǫ ȗȖ-
ȓȍ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȗȖȍȚ ȗȍșȕȐ ȉȍșȍȌțȍȚ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ.
Ǩ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȝȊȖȍ ȏȈ ȝȈȚȖȑ ǨȓȍȕȈ-ȚȖ ȓȦȉȎȈ DzȐȘȦȝȐȕȈ
ȒȈȒ țȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
— ǵț ȠȚȖ ȊȖȍȠȤ" — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ Ȋ ȋȓțȝțȦ
ȚȍȔȍȕȤ — ǵȈȌȖȍȓȈ
ǴȈȧȓȈșȤ ǨȓȍȕȈ
— ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȘȧ-ȚȖșȒȐ He ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȧșȕȈ-
șȖȒȖȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ Ǩȝ ȟțȦ țȎ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȖȋȈȌȈȑ
Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȖȚȍȞ
— DzȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȌȐ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ" — ȗȣȚȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȚȘȍȝȐ
ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ — Ǩ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ șȒȘȣȚȕȐȞȈ
— Ƕȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ — ȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȝȊȖȍ ǨȓȍȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ — Ǩ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǿțȍȚ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǪȍȚȍȘ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȕȍșȐ Țȣ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐ-ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ«

143
ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ Ǩȓȍȕȍ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ ȒȘȧȝȚȍȓ:
— Ǩ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ"
— ǵȍ ȔțȟȤ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ — ȔȈȧȓȈșȤ ǨȓȍȕȈ — ǶȚȒȘȣȊȈȑ ȊșȦ
ȗȘȈȊȌț ǮȐȊ ȈȓȐ ȕȍȚ DzȐȘȦȝȈ"
— ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ.
ǹȚȖȕȈȓȈ ǨȓȍȕȈ
— Ƕȑ ȚȖ ȓȐ" ǹȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ șȕȧȚșȧ Ȗ DzȐȘȦ-
ȝȍ«
— DzȐȘȦȝȈ ȎȐȊ — ȒȘțȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ — ǺȧȎȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȐ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ"
— Ƕȑ ȚȧȎȒȖ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ Ȋ șțȔȘȈȒȍ Ȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȌȈ șȚȈȚȕȖȑ Ǩȓȍ-
ȕȍ ȘțȒȐ ȋȓțȝȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȈȧ-
ȓȈșȤ — țȉȐȚ DzȐȘȦȝȈ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ— ȎȐȊ" ǹȓȈȌȒȖ ȞȊȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉȐ-
ȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȎȐȊ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȍ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȌȖ ȗȤȧȕȈ ȌȖ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈ
II
ǻȎȍ Ȑ ȉȈȉȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐ ȝȐȉȈȘȒț ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ț ȖȒȖȕ ǷȖȓ-
ȕȖȟȤ ȠȓȈ ǴȖȓȟȈ Ȋȍȓ ȉȈȉ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ ȕȈ ȋȖȘț
ǰ, ȕȈȘȊȈȊȠȐ Ȋ șȖșȕȧȒȍ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȏȈȋȈȌȣȊȈȓ Ǫșȍ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ — Ȗ ȓȦȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȌȍ
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȍ-ȟȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ Ǫ șȖșȕȧȒȍ ȗȍȓ ȗȍșȕȐ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ Ȑ ǩȖȋț ǫȈȌȈȓ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȈȝ ȔȐȘȈ
ǫȖȘȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȔȐȘț ȓȦȚȖȔț ȉȍȏȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȔț ǷȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȋȓȈȌ Ȑ ȔȖȘ Ȑ șȍȟȈ țȎȈșȈȦȡȈȧ dzȧȎȍȚ ȒȖșȚȤȔȐ ȟȍȚȤ ȔȐ-
ȘȈ ǶȚ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȌȖ ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ȖȚ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȌȖ ȦȋȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȏȌȣ Ȉ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȣ Țȍ — ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ǵȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚțȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ǩ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȉțȘȍ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȒȈȘȒȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍ ǫȖȘȍ
ȔȐȘț ȚȤȔȣ
— Ǩȝ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȚȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ — Ȋ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȧ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ — ǵȍ
ȏȈȝȖȌȐ, ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȗȘȈȊȌț
Ǫ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓ ȉȈȉȈȔ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ șțȔ-
ȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȐ

144
— ȀȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȔțȎȤȧ" ǵȈȠȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȋșȧ ȏȈȞȊȍȚȈȍȚ ȈȒȐ Ȋȍ-
ȠȕȐȑ șȈȌ ǪȐȎț ȗȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ ȚțȋȈ ȓȦȚȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ Ǩ ȋȖȘȍ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȝȚȖ Ȋ Țțȋȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ
ǪȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȊȖȏȌȍȊ ȘțȒȐ ǴȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ǹȗȈșț
— Ǻȣ șȗȈșȐ ǹȗȈșȍ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈȠț ǽȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȚȊȖ ȔțȎȐ-
ȒȖȊ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǶȋȓȧȕȐșȤ ǹȗȈșȍ
Ǩ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ țȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȖșȣȗȈȕȕțȦ ȟȍȘȍȔțȝȖȊțȦ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȓ — ȏȈȋȈȌȣȊȈȓ
— Ǩ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǩțȌțȋ ȞȊȍȚȣ
III
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȓȍșȕțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒț — ȊȍșȚȤ-ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȧȒȈȔ DzȐȘȐȓȓȈ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȌȈ șȖȓȕȍȟȍȕ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȍȌȍȚ
ǺȖȓȗȣ ȉȈȉ Ȑ ȔțȎȐȒȖȊ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ
ȊȍșȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȟțȋțȕȒț — ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ DzȐȘȐȓȓț
Ǫ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȎȕȐȊȤȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȘȣȌȈȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȝ ȉțȘȤ
ǬȕȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ș șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔȐ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȍșȚȤ ȒțȌȈ Ǩ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓ Ȏȍȓ-
Țȣȑ ȓȍș ȖșȍȕȐ
Ǫ ȓȍșț ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȖȒ ȏȈȉȐȚ ȉȣȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ-
ȔȐǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȔțȎȐȒȐ ǹȖȊȈȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȝȓȍȉ ȋȖș-
ȚȐȕȞȣ ǸȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ dzȍșȕȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȍ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ ǻȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ Ȑȝ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȊȖȍȔ«
Ǩ Ȋ ȌțȠȕȖȔ ȚȍșȕȖȔ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȐȠȒȍ ȋȈȓȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȉȈ-
ȉȣ DzȖȔț-ȚȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȧ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȍșȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ
șȚȍȕȈȝ ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȓțșȚȈȕȒț ȒȘȐȒȐ ȘȈȕȍ-
ȕȣȍ ǺȖȓȗȣ ȏȈȉțȘȓȐȓȐ
ǰȏ ȏȈȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȊȣȕȍșȓȐ DzȐȘȦȝț ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȖșȚȘȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȌȈ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ǹȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ǷȖȍȏȌ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ

145
ǩȈȉȣ ȈȝȕțȊ ȏȈȊȣȓȐ ȌȐȒȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ ǴțȎȐȒȐ ȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȒȘȧȝ-
ȚȍȓȐ
— ǶȚȚȍȌȈ
ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȌțȠȐ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ
ǷȖȌȖȠȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ ș ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ Ǩ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȐ Ȑȝ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȣ
— Ǫȣ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȍ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȔțȎȐȒȖȊ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
— ǻȋț, ȏȌȍȠȕȐȍ
— ǵȈȔ ȕȍȒȖȓȐ ǷȖȍȏȌ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ǵȣ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȓȐ ǪȖȚ DzȐȘȐȓȓȈ ȥȚȖ — ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȍȞ Ǩ ȋȌȍ
Ȏ ȍȋȖ ȉȈȚȤȒȈ" Ǵȣ ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖȉ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ șȣȕȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ — ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ Ǩ ȏȈȚȖ ȊȍȕȍȞ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ.
ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ǫȍȟȕȣȑ ȊȍȕȍȞ
ǫȓțȠȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȍȍ ȏȈȒȘȧȝȚȍȓȐ ȔțȎȐȒȐ
— Ǩ" DzȖȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ"
— ǬȈ DzȐȘȐȓȓț ǯȍȔȓȧȒȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǻȉȍȋ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ
ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ, ȌȈ țȉȍȋ ǿȚȖȉ ȗȖȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȔȈ ȌȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȈȑȌȈ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ǩ ȕȈȔ ȕȖ ȗțȚȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ șȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȋȏȧȓ
DzȐȘȐȓȓț ȌȖȔȖȑ ǷȐșȤȔȖ Ȕȣ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȉȈȚȤȒȍ
ȟȚȖȉ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣȓ ǿȐȚȈȓȐ Ȕȣ
— ǩȣȓ ȌȈ ȕȍȚț ǵȍȔȞȣ, ȊȐȠȤ ȐșȒȖȓȖȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ǵȍ
Ȋȣȕȍș șȍȘȌȍȋȈ
Ǫ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȉȈȉ ȗȍȘȍȌ DzȐȘȐȓȓȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȘȊȈȓȈ
ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȈȧ ǨȓȍȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȈȧ ȉȘȖ-
Ƞȍȕ-ȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȑ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ
IV
ǯȈȗȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȉȈȉȣ ȕȈ ȏȐȔț ȗȖȓȍ Ǩ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȏȈșȍȊȈȓȐ ȖȏȐȔȤ
Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȐȓȐ
ǩȣȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȘțȝȕțȓȖ DzȐȘȐȓ-
ȓȈ ȊȖȕ Ȑ ȌȖȔȖȑ țȉȍȋ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȘțȚȐȓșȧ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ — ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
Ǫ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒț ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ș ȟțȋțȕȒȐ ȘȈ-

146
ȕȍȕȣȑ ǬȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȉ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ.
ǺȈȒ Ȑ țȠȍȓ șȍȘȌȍȋȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȚȣȑ
ǯȕȈȓȐ, ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȍȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȞȈ Ȑȏ ȈȌȈ
Ǻțȋț ȕȍșȓȐ șȍȓȧȒȐ Ȗ șȣȕȈȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȧȝ ȖȚȞȈȝ ǫȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ
șȖȓȕȞȍ Ǩ ȖȕȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȓȧșȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǰȏ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȚȖȓȗȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ț ȐȏȉțȠȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȓȧȓȐ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȈ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȘȈșȚȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȌțȠȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈȔȐ"
ǨȓȍȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȈ Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȣșȒȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ǺȍȔȕȣȔ-ȚȍȔȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȍ.
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ — ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ șțȘȖȊȈȧ ȋȘȖȏȕȈȧ Ȓ ȒțȌ-
ȓȈșȚȖȔț ǹȖȜȘȖȕț. — DzȈȒȈȧ ȚȊȖȧ ȗȖȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ" DzȈȒȖȍ
șȖȓȕȞȍ" — ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ" Ǩ ȚȊȖȑ-ȚȖ șȣȕ — Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ" ǪȖȚ Țȍ Ȑ
ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǪȖȚ Țȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ǯȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȈ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǶȚ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǨȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȍ-
Țȍ" ǹȚȘȈȌȈ ȖȟȐȡȈȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ǴțȒȐ ȕțȎȕȣ ȟȚȖȉ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ Ǩ șȔȍȘȚȤ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ȀȚȖ ȚȖ ȏȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȓȐ ȧ Ȋ ȝȖȓȍ DzȖȓȐ ȧ ȏȈ ȓȖȋȖȊȖȔ ȋȖȕȦșȤ DzȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȦȒȈ Ǩ
șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍȚț — șȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȍȚț" ȀȚȖ ȚȖ ȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȖȓȐ ȧ Ȑȏ-

ȌȖȝȕț — ȕȍ ȎȐȊȠȐ" ǵȍ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐ" DzȈȒ ȟȍȘȊȤ Ǩ" Ǩ ȕȈ ȔȐ-
Șț — ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȖȋȕȦ — Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȈ
— ǴȖȓȟȐ Ǻȣ — ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȉȈȉ, ȏȈȔȈȝȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȈ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ — ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȤ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔțȟȐȚȤ
ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȑ"
Ǩ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ Ȓ șțȘȖȊȖȑ ȎțȚȒȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȑ Ǩȓȍ-
ȗȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ǶȉȕȐȔȈȓ ȍȍ ȎȈȘȒȖ
— ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȌȣȠȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȋȓț-
ȝȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ — ǪȖȏȓȐȒțȍȚ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ǩ Ȋșȍ ȖȚ șȖȓȕȞȈ
— ǪȍȌȤȔȈȟ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ — ȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȉȈȉȣ — ǴțȟȐȚȍȓȤ
ǪȖȘȖȋ ǩȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ǩ— ȕȈȗȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȘȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȘțȉȈ-
ȝȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȖșȚȍȘȊȍȕȍȓȖ.
ǵȖ ȓȐȒțȦȡȍȍ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȍȘȍȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȒțȌȘȧȝ ȓȐȞȖ
șȊȖȍ ǹȖȜȘȖȕ Ȓ ȎȈȘȒȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȚȍȔȕȖȖȒȖȑ șțȘȖȊȖȑ Ǩȓȍȕȣ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȘȈȌȈ șȖȓȕȞț" Ǩ șȊȍȚț DzȐȘȐȓȓȣ ȘȈȌȈ" ǷȘȐȌȍȚ
Ȗȕ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ Ǫ șȊȍȚȍ ȋȖȘȕȍȔ ǷȖȚȖȔț — ȕȈ ȖȋȕȦ ȗȖȔȍȘ Ǫ șȊȍ-
Țț ǮȐȊ Ȗȕ Ǵȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȣ Ȉ Ȗȕ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȎȐȊ ǸȈȌȈ"
ǫțȉȣ Ǩȓȍȕȣ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȓȐ ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ǬȈ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȉȈȉȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ Ȋșȍ
ǰ ȖȚȞȊȍȚȈȓȈ ȉȈȋȘȧȕȈȧ ȖșȍȕȤ Ȑ ȓȦȚȈȧ ȋȓțȠȐȓȈ țȎȍ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ȌȐȒȈȧ ȊȤȦȋȈ ȊȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȍșȈȔ ȎțȚȒȐȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ǷȖȌ șȕȍȋȖȔ
ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
Ǩ ǨȓȍȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȣ ǰȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊ-
ȕȦ Ȑȏ ȝȐȉȈȘȒȐ Ȋ ȝȐȉȈȘȒț ȕȍșȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȔ
ȎȐȏȕȤȦ șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
— ǸȈȌțȑȚȍșȤ șȍșȚȘȣ ǻȉȐȚȣȍ ȊșȚȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓ ǴȍȘȚ-
ȊȍȞȣ — Ȋȣ, Ȉ ȖȕȐ — ȎȐȊȣ țȉȐȚȣȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȘț șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ǮȐ-
ȊȐȚȍ Ȏ Ȑ Ȋȣ ǸȈȌțȑȚȍșȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȉȈȉȣ ȗȧȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ, ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȚȖȓȗț ȋȕȍȊȕȖ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȖ
— Ǫȣ ǹȓȐȏȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȌȣ șȖȓȕȞț"
— Ǩ Țȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȑ ȎțȚȤ — ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȉȈȉȣ — ǪȐȌȈȕȖ
ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȠȚȖȉ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓ" ǺȊȖȑ DzȐȘȐȓȓȈ ȗȖȌȐ ȕȍ
ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȈ ǨȓȍȕȈ ǪșȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ
ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ ȞȊȍȓȈ
— DzȐȘȐȓȓȈ" Ƕȕ ȊȖșȒȘȍș Ǫ Ȍțȝȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍș
Ǫ șȕȍȋț ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ

148
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
ǰ Ƿ-șȒȐȑ. dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ, 1915, ȹ 9,  
 ȔȈȧ.
Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ. ǬȍȓȖ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȖȌȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ, 1915, ȹ 1.
Ǵ ǩ-Ș dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ǯȈȟȖȘȖȝșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ, 1915, ȹ 20, 17 (30
 ȔȈȧ
ǶȚȔȍȚȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ țȘȈ-ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ
©Ǩ ǫ-ȒȖª ©ǶȚ ǩȈȚțȔȈ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ  ǹȔȍȓȖ ȊȌȖȓȤ ǿȖȘȖȝ-ȘȍȒȐ 
Ǫ ȋȖȘȣ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȓȐȝȐȍ  Ǻ«««șȒȐȍ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ «! ǵȍ Țȍȉȍ țȎ
ǷȖȓțȔȍșȧȞ  ǹȐȓȖȑ ȔȍȘȧȚȤșȧ ș ǶȘȓȖȔ  Ǻȣ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ǸțșșȒȖȑ ȗțȓȍȑ Ȑ ȠȚȣȒȖȔª
Ǫ ǷȖȓȍȡțȒ ǪȖȑȕȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
, 1916, ȹ 
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ǮțȘȕȈȓ ©ǪȖȑȕȈª ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ
 ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ -1915 ȋ ȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȔ ©ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔª (1915-16), ș ȕȈȟȈȓȈ  ȋ – ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȔ ©ǷȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍª Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍȔ Ǫ șȊȧȏȐ ș
ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑș-
ȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȍȟȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑȏ-

149
ȌȈȕȐȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȐ Țȍȝ
ȐȓȐ Ȑȕȣȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȟȤȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
, 1916, ȹ  Ȉȗ-
ȘȍȓȤ
ǵȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ǹțȊȖȘȖȊȍ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
, 1915, ȹ  ȈȊ-
ȋțșȚ
ǪȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ  ȹ   
 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȗ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȍ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȌȈȔȣª – ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ Ȓ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȔț ǹȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȦ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȟȈșȚȖ
ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȍ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȗȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
 1916. ȹ 
ȔȈȘȚ
Ǩ-ș ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȖȊ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șțȌ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
  ȹ  ȈȗȘȍȓȤ

150
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȐȌȍȕȚȐȟȍȕ ©ǨȘȈȔȐșțª ȈȊȚȖȘț ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȐ-
Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ©ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍª ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȔȧ ©ǨȘȈȔȐșȈª ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ
ȕȍțșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ
ȅȎȍȕ ǴȖȓȕȐȧ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
, 1916, ȹ 
ȔȈȘȚ
Ƿ ǩ ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
, 1915, ȹ 
ȐȦȓȤ
ǵ ǸțȌȍȕȒȖ ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ  ȹ   
 ȈȊȋțșȚȈ
ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ,  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ
ǩ Ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ȕȈșȚ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȐȑ -1952) – ȗȖȥȚ
ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȊȍȌ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ǻȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐȓȖȓȖ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȍ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȒȈ-
ȘȤȍȘȣ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȓ Ȓ șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚȈȔ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ȊȍȌțȡȐȝ șȐȔ-
ȊȖȓȐșȚșȒȐȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ – Ȋȕȍ ȋȘțȗȗ ǷȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ Șȍȗț-
ȚȈȞȐȍȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȧȌȓȖȋȖ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȚȖȘȈ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȏȍ ȟȈșȚȣ ȗȈȘȖȌȐȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȐȒȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȖȚȐ-
Ȋȣ ǹ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȌȍȊȐȟȤȍȔ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ǨȊȚȖȘ șȍȔȐ ȗȘȐȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȝ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȧȌȈ ȒȕȐȋ ȗȘȖȏȣ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȕȖȊȍȓȓ

151
ȇȏȣȟȕȐȒȐ ǽǽ ȊȍȒȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
  ȹ  ȖȒ-
ȚȧȉȘȤ
ǫ ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǷȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ  ȹ   ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ ©ǫ
ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊª
ǫ Ǻ ǹȍȊȍȘȞȍȊ-ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ -1915) – ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȍȞ Ȑȏ ȒțȗȍȟȍșȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȐ ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȑ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ șȓțȎȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȜȐȘȔȈȝ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ Ȑ dzȐȊȍȘȗțȓȧ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȍȊȍȞ Ȋ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȝ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȝ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȈȕȚȘȍȗȘȐȏț ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȣ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ
șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȍșȚȍȑ
ǨȘȈȔȐș ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
  ȹ 70, ȧȕ-
ȊȈȘȤ.
ǫ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ ǬȊȖȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ  ȹ   ȈȗȘȍȓȧ
ǫ Ȇ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ ȕȈșȚ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǷȈȊȐȓȈȕȐș -1958) – ȗȖȥȚ ȗȐ-
șȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ǪȣȗțșȒȕȐȒ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒȖȑ ǾȈȘșȒȖșȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔ-
ȕȈȏȐȐ ǹ  ȋ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ. ǨȊȚȖȘ ȘȧȌȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ -1920-ȝ ȋȋ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȗȈȚȘȐȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ, ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȈ ©ǬȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȊª 
 Ȑ ȌȘ

152
ǹ  …ǰȍȘȕȍȜȍȓȤȌȚȈ – Ǻ ȍ ȜȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȌȐȘȐȎȍȘȈ
ǨȘȔȈșȈ ȇȘȕȍȜȍȓȤȚȈ -1958).
ǹ  «ǽȍȘȕȈ – ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȐȘȓȈȕȌșȒȖ-ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȒȖȊȍȌ dzȈȜȒȈȌȐȖ ǽȐȘȕ -1904), ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ
ȗȘȖȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ
ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ȑ ȚȌ
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ ǩȖȑ ȕȈ ȠȚȣȒȈȝ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ 20-ȑ ȊȍȒ  ȹ 
Ǩ ǹ ǫȘȐȕ -1932) ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȝȈȓȚțȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ǰș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ǫ ǽȈȘȟȍȊ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ ©ȗȍȘȍȟȍȕȤ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȍȑª
©ǺȈȑȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȊȖȘțȍȚ ȚȘțȗȣ ș ȗȖȓȍȑ șȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȐȡȐ ³DzȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ´
 ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȓȐȝȖ șȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔ
ȈȘȠȐȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȉȐȊȈȍȚ “ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ”
 ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ
ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒț ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȕȍȔȞȈ “ǴȍȌȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ”) <…> ȓȍȚȟȐȒ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȓțȕȈȚȐȏȔȖȔ ȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ³ǨȊȐȈȚȖȘ-ȓțȕȈȚȐȒ´
 «! ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ³ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ȗțȓȧ´ ³ǽǽ ȊȍȒ´
 ȋȖȌ ȹ 
 ȔȦȕȝȍȕșȒȐȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ǰȖȋȈȕșȖȕ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ
șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕțȦ ȗțȓȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ țȉȐȊȈȓȈ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȍȍ ǬȈȕȐȓȖ ǫȖȘȖȉȍȞ Ȑȏ ǷȖȓȚȈȊȣ – ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗțȚȐ
ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȗȐȊȈ ³ȇȒȈ Ȏȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȈ ȗțȓȧ ȕȈ ȗȐȊȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ ȌȘȣȏ-
ȕțȚȤ”».
ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȣ Ȑ ©ȘȍȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍª ȟȈșȚȖ ©țȓȤȚȘȈȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍª
ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǫȘȐȕȈ ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǽȈȘȟȍȊȈ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
©ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍª ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȍ
șȔ ǽȈȘȟȍȊ Ǫ Ǫ ǷȖȥȏȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǫȘȐȕȈ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ ).
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ǫȘȐȕ ș ȖșțȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȗ ©șȐȔț-
ȓȧȞȐȐ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈª Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ©ȏȈȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ
ȕȈ ȥȏȖȗȖȊșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ «! ȗȖȚȈȍȕȕȖ ȏȈțȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȖȑȕț ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣª ©ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕª ©ǵȖȊȣȑ șȈȚȐȘȐȒȖȕª  ȹ 
 ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȍȚ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ
ȋȌȍ ǫȘȐȕ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ș ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȜȐȞȐȖȏȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ Ǫ ȓțȟȠȐȝ
ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȝ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ǫȘȐȕȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ
ȐȕȖȍ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧ ©ǺȈȑȕȈ ȓțȕȕȖȑ ȕȖ-

153
ȟȐª
 ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕȐȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ©ȊȣȝȖȌ Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈª ©ǩȖȑ ȕȈ ȠȚȣ-
ȒȈȝª ©ǺȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȚȈȔª
 ȕȖȊȍȓȓȈ țȎȈșȖȊ ©dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȊȖȑȕȣª

Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ ǺȈȑȕȈ ȓțȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ 20-ȑ ȊȍȒ  ȹ 15.
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȖȌȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ  ȹ 
ǰȏ ȔȐȘȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
  ȹ 84,
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ  ȹ 41, 10 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ.
ǨȕȚȖȕ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ
 ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ -1945) – ȗȖȓȤ-
șȒȖ-ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȍȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȧȌȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȒȕȐȋ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǷȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ
ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȓȕ ©ǰ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȋȐª 
 Ȗ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȐ Ȑ ȉȈȘȖȕȍ
ǻȕȋȍȘȕȍ
dz. ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ǽȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ǹȊ ǬȍȊȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
 1915 ȹ 41, ȐȦȕȤ.

154
dz ǰ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ -1976) – ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ǻȘȖȎȍ-
ȕȍȞ ǹȈȘȈȚȖȊȈ ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚ
 Ȋ  ȋ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȍȏȒțȦ ȒȘȐȚȐȒț ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȖȊȍȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ ©ǹȖȉȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈª 
 ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȥȚȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȣ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȘȐȐ ©Ǯǯdzª ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧȔȐ
ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ Ȋ  ȐȓȐ  ȋ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖ-ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ DzȈȒ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ©ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȖȊ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ³ǮțȘȕȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ”
Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ³ǶȋȖȕȤȒȖȔ´ ȔȖȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȓ ȟȍșȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ. ǭșȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ “ǶȋȖȕȤ-
Ȓȍ´ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ³ǩȐȘȎȍȊȒȍ´ Ȑ ³ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ´ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ³;; ȊȍȒȍ´ Ȋ ³ǷȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ” ȊȖ “ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȍ”
Ȑ țȎ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ – Ȋ ³ǸȖȌȐȕȍ´ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǨȓȤȊȐȕȖȊȐȟȈ DzȈșȗȈ-
ȘȐª ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ dz ǹțȌȤȉȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ǵ 
ǹ 

Ǩ ǩțȌȐȡȍȊ DzȘȖȊȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ  ȹ   ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ 

Ǩ ǵ ǩțȌȐȡȍȊ -1916) – ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȗȖȥȚ ǪȣȝȖȌȍȞ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȧȕ-
șȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȐ ǻȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȖȔ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȍ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǭȡȍ Ȋ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈ-
ȚțȘȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ Ƕș-
ȚȈȊȐȓ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ
Ǭ ǩȈȓȐȒ DzȈȕȚȖȘ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ 
ǵ DzȐșȍȓȍȊ DzȖȓȌțȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ  ȹ   
 ȈȊȋțșȚȈ

Ǵ ǹȈȏȖȕȖȊ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ șȖȠȓȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ  ȹ 29, 19 ȐȦȓȧ (1 ȈȊȋțșȚȈ).
Ǵ ǫ ǹȈȏȖȕȖȊ " – ?) – ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ Ȋ  ȋ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ Ǵ Dzțȏ-
ȔȐȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȘ Ȓȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ©ǻȘȖȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȈșȒȈª 16).
Ƿ DzȈȘȗȖȊ ǯȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ  ȹ   ȈȗȘȍȓȧ  ȔȈȧ

Ƿ ǰ DzȈȘȗȖȊ -1963) – ȗȖȥȚ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ǸȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ
șȍȔȤȍ șȚȈȘȖȖȉȘȧȌȞȍȊ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓț
1900-ȝ ȋȋ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȗȖȌȍȕȡȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȓșȧ ș ȒȘțȋȈȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖ-
ȌȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚ ǷȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓșȧ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȔ Ȗ șȍȒȚȈȕȚȈȝ
©ǷȓȈȔȍȕȤª 
 ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȞȍȕȏțȘȖȑ ǬȖ Ȑ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȧȌ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ș șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ -ȝ ȋȋ Ȑ ȌȖ -ȝ ȋȋ ȉȣȓ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚ-
ȓțȟȍȕ ȖȚ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ
ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ
ǹ  «ȗȧȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ – Ǫ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȈ ©«ȗȧȚȧșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȋ țȎȈșȍª
____
Ǫșȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȘȜȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȐ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȗțȕȒ-
ȚțȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ
șȍȘȌȍȟȕțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȑ ȘȧȌ
ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǰ Ƿ-șȒȐȑ dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ
6
Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ǬȍȓȖ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ
9
Ǵ ǩ-Ș dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ǯȈȟȖȘȖȝșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ
12
Ǫ ǷȖȓȍȡțȒ ǪȖȑȕȈ ǩȍȓȖȘțșșȒȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ
16
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȟȤȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ
20
ǵȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ǹțȊȖȘȖȊȍ
22
ǪȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ
24
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȗȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
25
Ǩ-ș ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȖȊ
29
ȅȎȍȕ ǴȖȓȕȐȧ ǹȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
33
Ƿ ǩ ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
38
ǵ ǸțȌȍȕȒȖ ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
42
ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒ
53
ȇȏȣȟȕȐȒȐ ǽǽ ȊȍȒȈ
65
ǫ ǷȖȓȐȓȖȊ ǷȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
66
ǨȘȈȔȐș ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
75
ǫ ǷȈȊȓȖȊ ǬȊȖȍ
79
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ ǩȖȑ ȕȈ ȠȚȣȒȈȝ
88

Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ ǺȈȑȕȈ ȓțȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
91
Ǩ ǫȘȐȕ dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȊȖȑȕȣ
94
ǰȏ ȔȐȘȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
100
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
101
dz ǫțȔȐȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ǽȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ șȊ ǬȍȊȣ
106
Ǩ ǩțȌȐȡȍȊ DzȘȖȊȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ
112
Ǭ ǩȈȓȐȒ DzȈȕȚȖȘ
112
ǵ DzȐșȍȓȍȊ DzȖȓȌțȕ
128
Ǵ ǹȈȏȖȕȖȊ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ șȖȠȓȈ
135
Ƿ DzȈȘȗȖȊ ǯȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
141
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
148